bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical trials update: RENEWAL (RENAISSANCE and RECOVER) and ATTACH
Authors: Coletta A.P. , Clark A.L. , Banarjee P. , Cleland J.G.F. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThis article continues a series of reports on recent research developments in the field of heart failure. Reports of two key presentations made at the European Society of Cardiology Heart Failure Update meeting held in Oslo, Norway from 8 to 11 June 2002, are included in this article. Summaries of the results of the RENEWAL (RENAISSANCE and RECOVER) and ATTACH studies, presented at the Hot Line sessions held during the meeting are reported.
Water economy in the casque‐headed tree‐frog Corythomantis greeningi (Hylidae): role of behaviour, skin, and skull skin co‐ossification
Authors: Navas Carlos A. , Jared Carlos , Antoniazzi Marta M. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe Brazilian tree‐frog Corythomantis greeningi inhabits the Caatinga, a semi‐arid habitat. This species exhibits putative adaptations to a dry environment, including a flat head, co‐ossification of the cranial skin, and phragmotic behaviour (retreat to crevices using the head to seal the entrance). Real frogs were compared with agar models to study water balance under simulated Caatinga conditions and to investigate the ability of C. greeningi to find small water sources. The benefits of skin co‐ossification were also studied by comparing agar models with and without nail polish on the head. Tree‐frogs repeatedly preferred a humid test tube out of 10 possible choices, and adopted phragmotic behaviour inside it. In both agar models and tree‐frogs, total water evaporation increased with body size, but relative water loss was higher in smaller individuals. The presence of nail polish on agar models barely reduced water loss, suggesting that cranial skin co‐ossification has a small role in water economy. Although both models and tree‐frogs evaporated about 90% more water when exposed than when phragmotic, tree‐frogs evaporated about 50% less water than agar models at any test condition. We conclude that reduced skin permeability, phragmotic behaviour and a keen capacity to identify humid crevices, explain the success of this species in a semi‐arid habitat.
Reading “Suluk Wayang”: Javanese Shadow Puppets, “Nala”-Vision, Private Self, Bodily Self
Authors: Cohen Matthew Isaac 
Published: September 2002

AbstractWayang kulit (shadow puppet theatre; henceforth “wayang”) as practiced in Java (Indonesia) has been recognized by exegetes – European and Indonesian alike – for its centrality as both a performative vehicle for and a symbolic figuration of understandings of the human developmental cycle, the variety of character models available to individuals, the precarious balance of chaos and stability in society, and kinship dialectics of conflict and complementariness. It is Java's most complex art form, in terms of dramaturgy, music, and repertoire, and also one of its most highly mediated. The beginning of what I would like to discuss is located at the end of Ward Keeler's exemplary ethnography of Central Javanese wayang and the dialogical play of selves and others in relations of hierarchy. Keeler concludes his evocative account of Javanese selves and theatre (and here I paraphrase) with the statement that “the peculiar fascination” of the dhalang in Javanese culture stems from his ability to dissimulate his self in performance. The puppeteer's voice is splintered, his presence veiled by a screen and mediated by puppets and the constraints of tradition, and his authority derived from indirect relations to a ritual sponsor, the Javanese autarchy, the ancestors, and the unseen world. “He is at once a dissembled authority, one whose power is great, non-coercive, and unworldly, and a dissembled interpreter, one who mediates between an unreal but persuasive and distracting world, and our own”.
Modeling of Preparative Reversed‐Phase HPLC of Insulin
Authors: Liu Xiaoda , Kaczmarski Krzysztof , Cavazzini Alberto , Szabelski Pawel , Zhou Dongmei , Guiochon Georges 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe adsorption isotherms of three recombinant proteins, human insulin, porcine insulin, and Lispro, were measured by frontal analysis on a YMC‐ODS C18 column with an aqueous solution at 31% acetonitrile (0.1% TFA) as the mobile phase. The retention behavior of insulin, its related molecular structure, its conformation, and its aggregation in this phase system are discussed. The experimental isotherm data were fitted to the Langmuir, the Langmuir‐Freundlich, and the Toth models. The results allow for a quantitative comparison of the saturation capacities, the equilibrium constants, and the exponents that represent the heterogeneity of the stationary phase obtained for the different insulin variants studied. The Toth model provided the best fit of the experimental data. The overloaded band profiles were calculated using the lumped pore diffusion and the equilibrium‐dispersive model of chromatography. An excellent agreement between calculated and experimental profiles was demonstrated.
Mathematical Model of the Oxidation of Ferrous Iron by a Biofilm of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans
Authors: Mesa M. M. , Macías M. , Cantero D. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractMicrobial oxidation of ferrous iron may be a viable alternative method of producing ferric sulfate, which is a reagent used for removal of H2S from biogas. The paper introduces a kinetic study of the biological oxidation of ferrous iron by Thiobacillus ferrooxidansimmobilized on biomass support particles (BSP) composed of polyurethane foam. On the basis of the data obtained, a mathematical model for the bioreactor was subsequently developed. In the model described here, the microorganisms adhere by reversible physical adsorption to the ferric precipitates that are formed on the BSP. The model can also be considered as an expression for the erosion of microorganisms immobilized due to the agitation of the medium by aeration.
Optimizing the design of geophysical experiments: Is it worthwhile?
Authors: Curtis Andrew , Maurer Hansruedi 
Published: September 2002

Determining the structure, composition, and state of the Earth's subsurface from measured data is the principal task of many geophysical experiments and surveys. Standard procedures involve the recording of appropriate data sets followed by the application of data analysis techniques to extract the desired information. While the importance of new tools for the analysis stage of an experiment is well recognized, much less attention seems to be paid to improving the data acquisition.A measure of the effort allocated to data analysis research relative to that devoted to data acquisition research is presented in Figure 1. Since 1955 there have been more than 10,000 publications on inversion methods alone, but in the same period only 100 papers on experimental design have appeared in journals. Considering that the acquisition component of an experiment defines what information will be contained in the data, and that no amount of data analysis can compensate for the lack of such information, we suggest that greater effort be made to improve survey planning techniques. Furthermore, given that logistical and financial constraints are often stringent and that relationships between geophysical data and model parameters describing the Earths subsurface are generally complicated, optimizing the design of an experiment may be quite challenging. Here we review experimental design procedures that optimize the benefit of a field survey, such that maximum information about the target structures is obtained at minimum cost. We also announce a new Web site and e‐mail group set up as a forum for communication on survey design research and application.
Decadal survey lays out ambitious U.S. astronomy research goals
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: September 2002

Building on four previous decadal surveys of ground‐ and space‐based astronomy a new report by the Astronomy and Astrophysics Survey Committee of the U.S. National Research Council (NRC) reaches for the stars in both its ambition and funding recommendations.The report, issued on May 19, calls for $4.7 billion in federal funding for new investments in astronomy and astrophysics for the decade of 2000–2010. Leading the priority and cost list is a request for $1 billion in federal funding for the development of the Next Generation Space Telescope (NGST), which Survey Committee Co‐Chair Christopher McKee of the University of California called a “worthy successor” to the Hubble Space Telescope.
Winter‐to‐spring transition in Europe 48–54°N: From temperature control by advection to control by insolation
Authors: Otterman J. , Ardizzone J. , Atlas R. , Hu H. , Jusem J. C. , Starr D. 
Published: September 2002

As established in previous studies, and analyzed further herein for the years 1988–1998, warm advection from the North Atlantic is the predominant control of the surface‐air temperature in northern‐latitude Europe in late winter. This thesis is supported by the substantial correlation Cti between the speed of the southwesterly surface winds over the eastern North Atlantic, as quantified by a specific Index Ina, and the 2‐meter level temperature Ts over central Europe ( 48–54°N; 5–25°E), for January, February and early March. In mid‐March and subsequently, the correlation Cti drops drastically (quite often it is negative). The change in the relationship between Ts and Ina marks a transition in the control of the surface‐air temperature. As (a) the sun rises higher in the sky, (b) the snows melt (the surface absorptivity can increase by a factor of 3.0), (c) the ocean‐surface winds weaken, and (d) the temperature difference between land and ocean (which we analyze) becomes small, absorption of insolation replaces the warm advection as the dominant control of the continental temperature. We define the onset of spring by this transition, which evaluated for the period of our study occurs at pentad 16 (Julian Date 76, that is, March 16). The control by insolation means that the surface is cooler under cloudy conditions than under clear skies. This control produces a much smaller interannual variability of the surface temperature and of the lapse rate than prevailing in winter, when the control is by advection.Regional climatic data would be of greatest value for agriculture and forestry if compiled for well‐defined seasons. For continental northern latitudes, analysis presented here of factors controlling the surface temperature appears an appropriate tool for this task.
Dansgaard‐Oeschger Cycles and the California Current System: Planktonic foraminiferal response to rapid climate change in Santa Barbara Basin, Ocean Drilling Program Hole 893A
Authors: Hendy Ingrid L. , Kennett James P. 
Published: September 2002

High‐resolution planktonic foraminiferal census data from Santa Barbara Basin (Ocean Drilling Program hole 893A) demonstrate major assemblage switches between 25 and 60 ka that were associated with Dansgaard‐Oeschger cycles. Stadials dominated by Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (sinistral), and Globigerinoides glutinata suggest a strong subpolar California Current influence, while interstadials marked by abundant N. pachyderma (dextral) and G. bulloides indicate a relative increase in subtropical countercurrent influence. Modern analog technique and transfer function (F‐20RSC) temperature reconstructions support δ18O evidence of large rapid (70 years or less) sea surface temperature shifts (3° to 5°C) between stadials and interstadials. Changes in the vertical temperature gradient and water column structure (thermocline depth) are recorded by planktonic faunal oscillations suggest bimodal stability in the organization of North Pacific surface ocean circulation. Santa Barbara Basin surface water demonstrates the rapid response of the California Current System to reorganization of North Pacific atmospheric circulation during rapid climate change.Supporting assemblage data are, available on diskette or via Anonymous FTP from Kosmos.agu.org, Directory APEND (username = anonymous, Password = guest). Diskette may be ordered from American Geophysical Union, 2000 Florida Avenue, N.W., Washington, DC 20009 or by phone at 800‐966‐2481; $5.00. Payment must accompany order.
Geochemical evidence for enhanced productivity during S1 sapropel deposition in the eastern Mediterranean
Authors: Martinez‐Ruiz F. , Kastner M. , Paytan A. , Ortega‐Huertas M. , Bernasconi S. M. 
Published: September 2002

The geochemistry of the youngest Mediterranean sapropel layer suggests changes in productivity and water column oxygen conditions during sapropel deposition. The Ba‐enriched interval is broader than the organic‐carbon‐rich interval of this sapropel. We suggest that the Ba‐enriched horizon records the original thickness of the sapropel prior to subsequent partial oxidation. The main carrier of Ba is barite, as microcrystals (0.5–5 µm ) having a morphology characteristic of marine barite, particularly abundant beneath high productivity regions. Ba concentrations do not change at the sapropel layer oxidation front and diagenetic barite crystals are absent, thus the Ba‐enriched layer reflects original oceanic conditions of increased biological productivity during sapropel deposition and not diagenetic Ba remobilization. Paleoredox indicators point to restricted oxygenated bottom water but not to fully anoxic conditions. Detrital elements within this layer indicate a lower eolian terrigenous input, enhanced humidity, and increased precipitation/runoff, thus likely higher nutrient supply.Supporting table is available on diskette or via Anonymous FTP from kosmos.agu.org, directory APEND (Username = anonymous, Password = Guest). Diskette may be ordered by mail from AGU, 2000 Florida Ave., N. W., Washington, DC 20009 or by phone at 800‐966‐2481; $15.00. Payment must accompany order.