bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mapping the landscape: surf therapy program delivery
Authors: Brennan Mary , Stain Helen J. , Marshall Jamie 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSurf therapy is a structured intervention which utilizes surfing as a vehicle to achieve therapeutic benefit (International Surf Therapy Organization [ISTO], 2019). Surf therapy is presently delivered internationally within a diverse array of contexts and populations. Despite the publication of many internal evaluation studies, little research has examined themes common to the process of surf therapy across programs. The present study recruited a sample of ISTO-affiliated surf therapy programs (n = 33) to engage with an online survey, Mapping the Stoke, examining core aspects of surf therapy structure and process internationally. Findings indicated both similarities across current program delivery internationally, with examples of primary similarities including target age (adolescents and young adults) and population (mental health), recruitment (self-referral), and structure (group sessions), geographic delivery (major cities) and challenges (funding). Areas of greater diversity included support staff (roles/qualifications), therapeutic aims, measures (outcome) and therapeutic structures. The present study outlines concrete structures and processes which appear integral to the delivery of surf therapy across cultures.
Islamic perspectives on HIV: a scoping review
Authors: Hamidi Abier , Regmi Pramod , van Teijlingen Edwin 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
There is some evidence to suggest that the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence may be lower in Muslim-majority countries and among Muslims in general. The low prevalence is usually accredited to Islam’s influence on the behaviours that affect transmission of HIV. Reports of HIV epidemics, predominately among injection drug users (IDUs), are emerging in Muslim-majority countries, forcing the Muslim world to respond to them.

Objective
This study is a scoping review of the literature that addresses (a) the messages communicated regarding HIV from an Islamic perspective, (b) the approaches Muslims adopt to comprehend and treat people living with HIV, and (c) roles of Islam and religious leaders. This review scopes the available literature and identifies the nature and extent of research conducted to date.

Methods
A comprehensive search was performed using PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Academic Search Ultimate. Primary research that focused on the Islamic perspective and discourse of HIV and AIDS, were considered. In total 22 studies dating from 2002 to 2017 studies were included.
Findings.
Five themes emerged (1) Western Import, (2) God’s Wrath, (3) God’s Test, (4) Tolerance and Mercy, and (5) Religious Silence.

Conclusion
HIV has indiscriminately affected communities globally and the Muslim community has not been an exception. More diverse research is required as well as Muslim- majority countries and communities must develop effective HIV awareness and prevention campaigns that are rooted in Islamic teachings and involve religious leaders.
Modeling college student intimate partner violence perpetration, eating disorder symptomatology, and alcohol salience
Authors: Claydon Elizabeth A. , Ward Rose Marie , Davidov Danielle M. , Zullig Keith J. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration’s relationship with alcohol salience to college experience and eating disorder (ED) symptomatology is not well understood. Midwestern university students (n = 1580) participated in an online survey. Structural equation models examined the relationship between these variables. All models fit the data well, however, the risk factors of IPV perpetration or alcohol use were not significantly associated with ED symptomatology. However, IPV perpetration was significantly associated with both alcohol use (β = .13, p < .01) and alcohol salience (β = .11, p < .01). College students reported higher levels of perpetration and alcohol salience, which may indicate alcohol-fueled social interactions.
Next‑generation sequencing‑guided personalized therapy in renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Tang Yanfeng , Shen Yu , Wang Zilin , Zeng Hao , Li Xiang , Liu Zhenhua 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The WHO’s classification of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has transitioned from solely morphologic to an integrated molecular-defined classification with genotyping based on driver genes. One-third of patients with localized diseases eventually develop metastases. First-line treatments with tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immunotherapies have shown promise in improving patient outcomes. This study aims to assess the efficacy of next-generation sequencing (NGS) guided therapy for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC).

Methods
We evaluated a cohort of 77 mRCC patients. In the context of first-line systemic treatment, 35 patients were administered NGS-guided personalized therapy, while 42 received empirical therapy. We subsequently compared the progression-free survival (PFS) of both groups and reported the objective response rate (ORR) for the NGS-guided group.

Results
Over the past three years, the application rate of NGS post-nephrectomy in West China Hospital averaged 21%. The NGS-guided group showed a significantly better PFS (P = .01) compared to the empirical therapy group. The NGS-guided group also exhibited an ORR of 41.9% and a disease control rate (DCR) of 90.3%.

Conclusions
Our data highlights NGS as a crucial, clinically accessible genotyping method suitable for broader adoption. This study underscores that NGS-guided therapy can significantly enhance outcomes for mRCC patients, particularly for specific driving mutations, such as FH.
Ambulatory Arterial Stiffness Index is Associated with the Presence and Severity of Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Qin Xintong , Yin Qiuguo , Zhang Yidan , Jiang Peng , Jia Xingtai , Jian Liguo 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Objective
To evaluate the relationship between the ambulatory arterial stiffness index (AASI) and the degree of coronary stenosis, and assess its predictive value for the presence and severity of coronary artery disease (CAD).

Materials and methods
In total, 619 consecutive patients who presented with exertional anginal symptoms and/or acute coronary syndrome between January 2021 and December 2022 underwent elective non-urgent CAG with no emergency conditions and performed 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) were included in this study and were divided into the control group (n = 68) and CAD group (n = 551) according to the angiography results. Ambulatory Arterial Stiffness Index (AASI) is obtained from the 24-h ABPM recordings, defined as 1 minus the regression slope of diastolic blood pressure on systolic blood pressure values. CAD complexity was determined by the Gensini score (GS). The patients with CAD were stratified according to the tertiles of the Gensini score (GS < 24 versus GS > 48), and GS > 48 is considered severe coronary artery disease. To explore the relationship between AASI and the severity of CAD, Spearman correlation analysis was conducted. Logistic regression analysis was then performed to determine the influence of AASI on CAD as well as severe CAD. Moreover, a Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed to assess the predictive value of AASI for CAD and severe CAD.

Results
The CAD group had a substantially higher median AASI than the control group [0.47 (0.4, 0.58) vs.0.32 (0.24, 0.41), P < 0.001]. There was a positive correlation between AASI and Gensini score. Compared to controls, patients in low-, medium-, and high-GS had significantly higher levels of AASI in a rising trend (P < 0.001). Logistic regression demonstrated that AASI was an independent contributor to CAD and severe CAD. The area under the curve (AUC) for AASI in predicting CAD was 0.806 (P < 0.001), and for predicting high-GS CAD was 0.663 (P < 0.001).

Conclusion
AASI was associated with CAD and the severity of coronary stenosis and demonstrated predictive potential for both CAD and severe CAD.
Do analytic philosophers in China think differently? A survey and comparative study
Authors: Wu Su , Xu Jiawei , Zhan Hao , Wang Ruoding , Wang Yucheng , Huang Junwei , You Jun , Zhu Jing 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAnalytic philosophy has been developing in China for over a century, and philosophers shaped by the analytic tradition have grown into an important philosophical community in China. The views of contemporary analytic philosophers in China on central philosophical issues and their similarities and differences with analytic philosophers in English-speaking countries have not been systematically investigated. Bourget and Chalmers have conducted two large-scale online questionnaire surveys on analytic philosophers in English-speaking countries. Inspired by their studies, a survey on analytic philosophers in China was performed. It is found that philosophers in China had no agreement on most issues. According to the comparative analysis with the results of Bourget and Chalmers’ second survey, there were significant differences in views as well as thinking styles between analytic philosophers in China and English-speaking countries. And these differences may be partially explained by cultural factors and academic environments.
Error Analysis of Pretrained Language Models (PLMs) in English-to-Arabic Machine Translation
Authors: Al-Khalifa Hend , Al-Khalefah Khaloud , Haroon Hesham 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAdvances in neural machine translation utilizing pretrained language models (PLMs) have shown promise in improving the translation quality between diverse languages. However, translation from English to languages with complex morphology, such as Arabic, remains challenging. This study investigated the prevailing error patterns of state-of-the-art PLMs when translating from English to Arabic across different text domains. Through empirical analysis using automatic metrics (chrF, BERTScore, COMET) and manual evaluation with the Multidimensional Quality Metrics (MQM) framework, we compared Google Translate and five PLMs (Helsinki, Marefa, Facebook, GPT-3.5-turbo, and GPT-4). Key findings provide valuable insights into current PLM limitations in handling aspects of Arabic grammar and vocabulary while also informing future improvements for advancing English–Arabic machine translation capabilities and accessibility.
Diversity supplements: An underutilized opportunity to improve the diversity of the health sciences research workforce
Authors: Rubio Doris , Maseru Noble , Miller Laura , Geraci Mark , Cooper Greg , Gary-Webb Tiffany L. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
This paper describes the process developed at the University of Pittsburgh to increase the number of NIH-funded Diversity Supplements.

Method:
The authors formed a Diversity in Academia Workgroup where we created the infrastructure and process to increase the number of Diversity Supplements. Each year, the Office of Sponsored Programs provided a list of grants that would be eligible to submit a Diversity Supplement. We surveyed the Principal Investigators inquiring about their interest in working with a trainee on a Diversity Supplement. If yes, we included their information in a database we built so that trainees could search for eligible research studies. The Diversity Deans then identified underrepresented faculty and postdoctoral researchers. We invited Program Officers from NIH to participate in a panel presentation for trainees, which was well attended.

Results:
The number of Diversity Supplements awarded to Pitt researchers has significantly increased from 7 in 2020 to 10 in 2021 and to 15 in 2022. Six more have been awarded in the first half of 2023.

Conclusions:
We created the Diversity in Academia Workgroup with the goal to increase the number of Diversity Supplements at the University of Pittsburgh and in so doing, increase the diversity in the biomedical research workforce. While challenging, we know the critical importance and benefits of increased diversity at the University, and we have made significant strides toward this goal.
The role of mental health and protective factors in student academic persistence and retention during a global crisis
Authors: Zhai Yusen , Carney JoLynn V. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated challenges for millions of students globally, leading to enrollment cliff. This study addresses the existing research gap by investigating the influence of students’ mental health and various protective factors (i.e., optimism, help-seeking behaviors, social support) on academic persistence, an indicator of student retention. We utilized the structural equation modeling approach to examine the effect of students’ mental health conditions, risk perception of COVID-19 and protective factors on academic persistence through a sample of 1,051 students from 45 states. Students’ mental health positively predicted academic persistence. Risk perception of COVID-19 was negatively associated with mental health but positively predicted academic persistence and help-seeking behaviors. Optimism fully mediated the effect of mental health on help-seeking behaviors but did not mediate the effect of risk perception on help-seeking behaviors. Social support positively predicted academic persistence. This study underscores the integral role of mental health and protective factors in supporting student retention. Universities should develop targeted programs to address students’ mental health needs and promote protective behaviors. These initiatives can enhance academic persistence, thereby aiding in the retention of students affected by this pandemic or any future global crisis.
Philanthropic donor agencies and social policy in sub-Saharan Africa – New perspectives to the “welfare mix”
Authors: Lambin Roosa Amanda 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe role of external actors has now been widely acknowledged in shaping social policy processes in sub-Saharan Africa. Yet, the social policy roles and influence of philanthropic donors have been less recognised and examined. As various countries in the region seek to expand social policy implementation and delivery and revitalise the development of national welfare systems, it is important to better understand the roles and functions of philanthropic donor agencies in the processes of agenda-setting, financing, and delivery of social policy. This article discusses the complex social policy functions held by philanthropic donor agencies in sub-Saharan Africa through the lens of the “welfare mix,” drawing attention to the divergencies and convergences between Western philanthropic donors and their African counterparts, while reflecting on the direction of future research agendas.
A Matter of Opinion? How Unexpected Opinion Authors Influence Support for Supreme Court Decisions
Authors: King Jonathan M. , Schoenherr Jessica A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractExamples abound of Supreme Court justices writing opinions because their ideological preferences or identity characteristics run counter to case outcomes, like when devoted Methodist and Nixon appointee Harry Blackmun wrote the opinion codifying abortion rights inRoe v. Wade(1973). These stories suggest that in some controversial cases, the justices ask such incongruent justices to explain decisions because they believe those justices can underscore an opinion’s legal soundness and increase support for it. Does it work? We asked participants in two survey experiments to read about a pro-abortion or pro-death penalty ruling written by justices of differing ideologies and genders, and then we asked them to respond to the ruling. Their responses indicate that deploying identity-incongruent justices can influence responses, but not the way the justices expect. We find that incongruent opinion writers can reduce partisan differences in support for a Court decision but do not broadly increase public.
Institutional Design and the Predictability of Judicial Interruptions at Oral Argument
Authors: Jacobi Tonja , Leslie Patrick , Robinson Zoe 
Published: February 2024

AbstractExamining oral argument in the Australian High Court and comparing to the U.S. Supreme Court, this article shows that institutional design drives judicial interruptive behavior. Many of the same individual- and case-level factors predict oral argument behavior. Notably, despite orthodoxy of the High Court as “apolitical,” ideology strongly predicts interruptions, just as in the United States. Yet, important divergent institutional design features between the two apex courts translate into meaningful behavioral differences, with the greater power of the Chief Justice resulting in differences in interruptions. Finally, gender effects are lower and only identifiable with new methodological techniques we develop and apply.
Why Latin American Parties Are Not Coming Back
Authors: Sánchez-Sibony Omar 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTThis essay documents growing partisan social uprootedness across Latin America over time, manifested in diminishing social trust toward parties, debilitation of links between parties and social collectivities, lowering levels of partisanship, and rising incidence of personalism in the electorate. It focuses on some unrecognized and undertheorized causal factors behind partisan involution in the region, putting emphasis on mutually reinforcing processes. First, it identifies forces endogenous to the traits of origin of diminished parties that foster their uprootedness and decay; second, it lays out some of the manifold ways that the weakening of political parties fuels regime malperformance, in a mutually reinforcing vicious circle; third, it outlines the existence of mutual feedback loops between political agency and structure; fourth, it identifies various agential sources of party decay. There are strong theoretical and empirical reasons to expect continued party deinstitutionalization across Latin America going forward.
Approaching Equality? Media Treatment of Male and Female Members of Presidential Cabinets in a Cross-Country Comparison
Authors: Armstrong Brenna , Taylor-Robinson Michelle M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractGeneralizability of extant findings about media treatment of women in politics is uncertain because most research examines candidates for the legislature or heads of government, and little work moves beyond Anglo-American countries. We examine six presidential cabinets in Costa Rica, Uruguay, and the United States, which provide differing levels of women’s incorporation into government. These cases permit us to test hypotheses arguing that differences in media treatment of men and women cabinet ministers will decrease as women’s inclusion in government expands, and that media treatment of women is more critical when women head departments associated with masculine gender stereotypes. Results show that greater incorporation of women into government is associated with fewer gendered differences in media coverage, tone of minister coverage is more favorable for women who hold masculine stereotyped portfolios, and that the media does present qualifications of women cabinet ministers.
Opinion: Which animals have personality?
Authors: Adolphs Ralph , Xu Yue 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Human personality generally refers to coherent individuating patterns in affect, behavior, and cognition. We can only observe and measure behavior, from which we then infer personality and other psychological processes (affect, cognition, etc.). We emphasize that the study of personality always explains or summarizes patterns not only in behavior but also in these other psychological processes inferred from behavior. We thus argue that personality should be attributed only to nonhuman animals with behaviors from which we can infer a sufficiently rich set of psychological processes. The mere inference of a biological trait that explains behavioral variability, on our view, is not sufficient to count as a personality construct and should be given a different term. Methodologically, inferring personality in nonhuman animals entails challenges in characterizing ecologically valid behaviors, doing so across rich and varied environments, and collecting enough data. We suggest that studies should gradually accumulate such corpora of data on a species through well-curated shared databases. A mixture of approaches should include both top-down fit with extant human personality theories (such as the Big Five) as well as bottom-up discovery of species-specific personality dimensions. Adopting the above framework will help us to build a comparative psychology and will provide the most informative models also for understanding human personality, its evolution, and its disorders.
Fermentation profile and dynamics of bacterial communities in vetch-oat ensiled with a novel spray-dried inoculant
Authors: Blajman J. E. , Lingua M. S. , Irazoqui J. M. , Santiago G. M. , Eberhardt M. F. , Amadio A. F. , Peralta G. H. , Gaggiotti M. C. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to examine and compare the effectiveness of a novel spray-dried inoculant and a commercial freeze-dried additive on the fermentation quality, aerobic stability and bacterial population of vetch-oat silage. An entirely random design used a 3 × 4 factorial arrangement of treatments, with and without lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculants and four fermentation periods. Physicochemical parameters, microbiological counts and 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis on Nanopore MinION were conducted to characterize the ensiling process. Both LAB inoculants increased dry matter, crude protein, lactic, acetic and propionic acid contents, while reducing pH, neutral detergent fibre, ammonia nitrogen/total nitrogen and ethanol concentrations compared to the control group. Overall, the native inoculant decreased the cell load of coliforms, yeasts and moulds. In addition, bio-inoculants enhanced the aerobic stability of vetch-oat intercrops. After ensiling, bacterial alpha diversity decreased noticeably; inoculation reduced the number of observed operational taxonomic units and the Shannon and Simpson indices. Notably, the relative abundance of Lactobacillus in the control group was lower than in treated silages, while the relative values of Staphylococcus increased sharply in the uninoculated group. In conclusion, the native strains showed promise for usage as a bio-inoculant in the ensiling of vetch-oat at a mixture rate of 1:1, producing an immediate impact as well as a favourable effect on the post-opening phase. This represents the first report on 16S rRNA gene-based nanopore metagenomics applied to the bacterial analysis of vetch-oat silage, providing a microbiological insight where native and commercial strains dominate the natural epiphytic community.