bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vitro antioxidant activities of mouthrinses and their components
Authors: Battino M. , Ferreiro M. S. , Fattorini D. , Bullon P. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectives: Several forms of periodontal diseases (PD) are often associated with activated phagocytosing leukocytes and contemporary free radical production. Host antioxidant defenses could benefit from mouthrinses used as adjuncts to counteract plaque‐associated bacteria. The aim of the present study was to determine possible antioxidant activity (AA) of a number of antiseptic mouthrinses and of their stated active principles (AP), regardless of their efficacy as antimicrobial agents.Material and Methods: The antioxidant activities of 11 mouthrinses and their active principles were tested with a specific spectrophotometric method. Comet assay was used to test whether pure chemical antioxidant activity actually corresponded to prevention of in vitro DNA fragmentation.Results: Methylsalicylate‐containing mouthrinses were the most effective. Several compounds, and some vehicles, behaved as antioxidants. Fibroblast DNA fragmentation was limited by preincubation with methylsalicylate‐containing mouthrinse but was unaffected by treatment with chlorexidine.Conclusion: The results described herein indicate that several mouthrinses possess AA; such a property could be ascribed to either AP or vehicles or both. All the data were obtained in systems in vitro and the demonstration of in vivo AA is necessary. These findings could be useful in the treatment of some forms of PD and should be considered when arranging new mouthrinse formulations.
Clinical efficacy of a new sonic/ultrasonic toothbrush
Authors: Zimmer Stefan , Nezhat Vida , Bizhang Mozhgan , Seemann Rainer , Barthel Claudia 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectives: The purpose of this clinical study was to evaluate the efficacy of the Ultra Sonex Ultima® in comparison with a conventional manual toothbrush.Material and methods: In all, 64 healthy volunteers (32 females, 32 males) took part in the parallel‐design treatment‐blind study. After a screening examination and stratification by age, sex and papillary bleeding index (PBI), the participants were randomly assigned to two groups with 32 subjects each. Four weeks later, the Turesky modification of the Quigley–Hein plaque index (PI), the approximal plaque index (API), and the PBI were recorded at baseline. Four and 8 weeks after baseline, the indices were recorded again.Results: During the study period of 8 weeks, the API showed no difference between the manual and the electric toothbrush. For the median PI, a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001) was found after 4 (manual: 2.16 vs. electric: 1.34) and 8 weeks (1.96 vs. 0.92). After 4 weeks, the median PBI was 0.75 for the manual and 0.43 for the electric brush (p < 0.01). The values after 8 weeks were 0.63 (manual) and 0.29 (electric, p < 0.001).Conclusion: The Ultra Sonex Ultima may be more efficacious than manual toothbrushes in removing plaque and preventing gingivitis in patients without severe periodontal disease.
Cervical external root resorption in vital teeth
Authors: Bergmans L. , Van Cleynenbreugel J. , Verbeken E. , Wevers M. , Van Meerbeek B. , Lambrechts P. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractExternal resorptions associated with inflammation in marginal tissues present a difficult clinical situation. Many times, lesions are misdiagnosed and confused with caries and internal resorptions. As a result inappropriate treatment is often initiated. This paper provides three‐dimensional representations of cervical external resorption, based on X‐ray microfocus‐tomographical scanning of a case, which will aid the dental practitioner in recognizing characteristic features during clinical inspection. In addition, histopathological examination reveals the cellular morphology of the adjacent tissues.
Long‐term results of supportive periodontal therapy (SPT) in HIV‐seropositive and HIV‐seronegative patients
Authors: Hofer Dominik , Hämmerle Christoph H. F. , Grassi Markus , Lang Niklaus P. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAim: The aim of the present study was to investigate the long‐term results of periodontal supportive therapy in HIV‐seropositive and HIV‐seronegative patients.Material and methods: Baseline examination of 18 HIV‐seropositive patients (14 males and four females, median age of 29.7 years) revealed the following periodontal diagnoses: eight patients with linear gingival erythema, four patients with necrotizing periodontitis, five patients with conventional gingivitis and one patient with chronic periodontitis. In the HIV‐seronegative group, out of 16 patients (12 males and four females, median age 35.5 years), one patient presented with conventional gingivitis and 15 patients with chronic periodontitis. Periodontal therapy and maintenance care consisted of supra‐ and subgingival removal of plaque and calculus and instruction in oral hygiene. Based on the individual patient's needs, the mechanical therapy was repeated.Results: In the test group, the mean maintenance period was 22.7 ± 9.4 months (range 11.0–37.4) and in the control group, 48.9 ± 32.0 months (range 9.3–110.8). In the test group, the mean PlI (1.1 ± 0.8) remained at the same level (1.1 ± 0.5; p = 0.73, Wilcoxon sign rank test, p < 0.05) throughout the observation period, the mean GI was reduced from 1.6 ± 0.5 to 1.4 ± 0.4 (p = 0.18), the mean PPD was reduced from 2.9 ± 0.3 to 2.8 ± 0.2 (p = 0.15) and the mean PAL (3.1 ± 0.5) remained unaltered as well (3.1 ± 0.4; p = 0.83). None of these differences was statistically significant. In the control group, PPD (3.0 ± 0.4) and PAL (3.0 ± 0.5) were significantly reduced: PPD = 2.7 ± 0.2 (p = 0.0003) and PAL = 2.9 ± 0.5 (p = 0.0034). Conclusion: In HIV‐seropositive patients, attachment level can be maintained. However, oral hygiene and compliance are the key factors for this.
Comparison of new and 3‐month‐old toothbrushes in plaque removal
Authors: Tan Eugene , Daly Christopher 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectives: It is often recommended that manual toothbrushes should be replaced every 3 months. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of new and 3‐month‐old toothbrushes in the removal of dental plaque.Materials and methods: A single examiner blind, randomized study was performed in which 40 adult patients attended the clinic on two occasions following 48‐h periods of no oral hygiene. Following plaque scoring, patients brushed with a new toothbrush at one visit and with a brush that they had used previously for 3 months at the other visit. Brushing time was 60 s. Plaque was then re‐scored and percentage reductions in plaque scores calculated. The amount of wear of the 3‐month‐old brushes was determined by measurement of brushing surface areas.Results: Plaque scores after each 48‐h period of no oral hygiene were not significantly different. The percentage reductions in plaque scores achieved with the new brushes were not significantly different from those achieved with the 3‐month‐old brushes. Both the new and the 3‐month‐old toothbrushes reduced plaque scores by approximately 34%. Compared with new brushes in the same subjects, no significant differences were found for plaque score reductions for 3‐month‐old brushes with minor, moderate or marked wear.Conclusion: The 3‐month‐old toothbrushes were as effective as new brushes in plaque removal.
A study of triclosan and its solubilizers as inhibitors of oral malodour
Authors: Young Alix , Jonski Grazyna , Rölla Gunnar 
Published: March 2003

Abstract Background: It is known that the detergents or organic solvents used to solubilize lipid‐soluble triclosan can affect the biological activities exhibited by this molecule, such as its antibacterial, antiplaque, and anti‐inflammatory effects. Objective: To examine whether solubilizing agents influence the effect of triclosan against formation of volatile sulphur compounds (VSC), as these are known to be a major component of oral malodour. Material and methods: Part A: one ml of human whole saliva (n = 10) was incubated for 24 h at 37°C in a closed test tube with addition of 10 µl triclosan solubilized in alcohol. Part B: in a clinical experiment, VSC formation enhanced by mouth‐rinses with cysteine was followed by subjects (n = 9) rinsing with triclosan solubilized in different detergents and organic solvents. The amount and nature of VSC in the saliva headspace and in the mouth air of the test subjects were determined by gas chromatography. Results: Triclosan had a marked dose‐dependent effect against VSC in vitro when solubilized in alcohol, independent of the alcohol per se. In vivo, triclosan lost its anti‐VSC effect when solubilized in oil, in an uncharged detergent or in a chromophor, whereas it maintained its effect when solubilized in a combination of sodium lauryl sulphate, propylene glycol and water. Conclusion: The solubilizing agent influences the anti‐VSC effect of triclosan.
MMP‐1 promoter polymorphism: association with chronic periodontitis severity in a Brazilian population
Authors: De Souza A. P. , Trevilatto P. C. , Scarel‐Caminaga R. M. , Brito R. B. , Line S. R. P. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground:  A single nucleotide polymorphism was described in the promoter region of the human MMP‐1 gene, and this polymorphism has been associated with risk of cancer metastasis and inflammatory diseases. In this paper, we studied the possible relationship between the MMP‐1 promoter polymorphism and the severity of chronic periodontitis.Methods:  Genomic DNA from oral mucosa was amplified by PCR and analyzed by restriction endonuclease. The alleles were separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The significance of the differences in observed frequencies of polymorphism in moderate and severe disease and healthy groups was assessed by Chi‐squared test.Results: In the healthy group, the 2G allele was observed with a frequency of 48.7%, while in severely diseased patients the 2G allele was seen in 69.2% (P = 0.0344). The genotype 2G/2G was found in 46.15% of the group with severe periodontitis, and 24.3% and 25.0%, respectively, of the healthy and moderate groups (P = 0.0647).Conclusion:  These results show that a polymorphism in the promoter region of MMP‐1 gene is associated with the severe chronic periodontitis phenotype in non‐smokers.
Validation of a Chinese version of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP)
Authors: Wong May C. M. , Lo Edward C. M. , McMillan Anne S. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract –Objectives: To translate the original English version of Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) into a Chinese version, to validate the translated instrument for use among the elderly in Hong Kong and to derive a Chinese short‐form OHIP.Methods: The original English version of OHIP was translated into Chinese. Elderly persons aged 60–80 years were interviewed by two trained interviewers and examined clinically by one of two calibrated dentists. Information on subjects' demographic background and oral health conditions were collected.Results: A total of 586 elderly persons were interviewed and clinically examined. Cronbach's alpha of the translated OHIP subscales ranged from 0.69 to 0.84 and the test–retest correlation coefficient ranged from 0.72 to 0.92. Construct validity of the translated Chinese version was supported by the finding that the OHIP‐49 and subscale scores increased as the subject's perceived oral health status changed from healthy to unhealthy. Also, those who had a perceived dental treatment need had higher mean OHIP‐49 and subscale scores compared to those who did not. The short‐form OHIP derived in this study demonstrated comparable validity and reliability with the full version of OHIP.Conclusion: The translated Chinese version of OHIP demonstrated good validity and reliability. It is available for use by researchers in oral health‐related quality of life studies in Chinese elderly populations. In situations where a Chinese short‐form of OHIP is desirable, there are now two validated Chinese versions for researchers to choose.
Targeting dental sealants in school‐based programs: evaluation of an approach
Authors: Kumar Jayanth V. , Wadhawan Sangeeta 
Published: March 2003

AbstractSeveral guidelines have been published in the United States to promote the appropriate use of sealants in both individual care and public health programs. Targeting sealants to children and teeth at high risk for dental caries has been accepted as a desirable strategy in school‐based programs. However, there is little evidence to show that programs are complying with these guidelines. This report examined the extent to which sealants were targeted to high‐risk children at 11 different school‐based programs in New York State. Data on 3357 children ages seven to nine were analyzed. The percent of children receiving sealants ranged from 41% to 88%. While in two sites (St. Lawrence & Onondaga) fewer than 52% of the children received sealants; more than 73% received sealants in the remaining nine sites (P < 0.05). The results suggest that there was a wide variation in the implementation of the guidelines for sealant use. Some reasons for not adhering to the guidelines were: difficulty in assuring parents and local dentists that some children were not at risk for caries; lack of confidence in the risk‐assessment method; uncertainty regarding what constitutes deep pits and fissures; fear of misclassifying children and requests by school administrators, parents and local dentists that all children should benefit from preventive measures.
Cutaneous epithelioid malignant nerve sheath tumor with rhabdoid features: a histologic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural study of three cases
Authors: Morgan Michael B. , Stevens Lex , Patterson James , Tannenbaum Myron 
Published: March 2003

Introduction: Malignant rhabdoid tumors are morphologically defined as sheets of loosely cohesive cells with eccentric nuclei and hyaline, paranuclear inclusions. Although originally described as a distinctive renal neoplasm of childhood, these tumors have since been described in all age groups and in a variety of extrarenal sites. In the latter setting, it is thought that the rhabdoid phenotype is comprised of histogenetically unrelated tumors, that regardless of histogenesis, pursue a biologically aggressive behavior.Methods: We report on the clinical, histologic, immunophenotypic, and ultrastructural characteristics of three cases of cutaneous malignant rhabdoid tumor.Results: Each of the cases arose on the trunk or the extremity of elderly men. None of the patients had neurofibromatosis. All of the lesions histologically showed sheets of loosely cohesive polygonal cells with eccentric nuclei and hyaline paranuclear inclusions. Each of the cases showed the following immunophenotype: S‐100 (+), synaptophysin(+), vimentin (+), alpha smooth muscle actin (−), CD‐30 (−), HMB‐45 (−), and pankeratin(−). Ultrastructure of two of the cases yielded similar results showing paranuclear filamentous aggregates of intermediate filaments, cell membrane dense plaques, and rudimentary cell junctions consistent with nerve sheath differentiation. Tonofilaments, dense bodies, microtubules, neurosecretory granules, and melanosomes were not identified. Each of the patients died of widely metastatic disease within 1 year of diagnosis.Conclusions: Cutaneous epithelioid malignant nerve sheath tumor is a potentially aggressive tumor capable of showing rhabdoid differentiation thus simulating a variety of neoplasms. Immunophenotyping and ultrastructural analysis reliably discriminates these lesions from melanoma, de‐differentiated carcinoma, lymphoma, and rhabdomyosarcoma.
Cardiac epithelioid angiosarcoma presenting as cutaneous metastases
Authors: Val‐Bernal J. Fernando , Figols Javier , Arce Félix P. , Sanz‐Ortiz Jaime 
Published: March 2003

Background: Cardiac angiosarcoma is a rare tumor that has a predilection for middle‐aged males and a marked predominance in the right atrium. The tumor may present abruptly with a fulminant clinical course. Initial presentation with metastatic disease is rare. Only one case has been reported of a patient who presented with cutaneous metastases.Methods and results: We here report the case of a 51‐year‐old man who initially presented with cutaneous metastases in the absence of cardiac symptoms. The skin biopsy was diagnosed as metastatic undifferentiated sarcoma. The patient died 26 days later with widely disseminated disease. At autopsy a tumor arising in the wall of the left atrium and in the interatrial septum was found. After an immunohistochemical study including CD31 and CD34 stains the diagnosis of cardiac pure epithelioid angiosarcoma was made. To the best of our knowledge this tumor variant has not been documented in the heart until now.Conclusion: Although cardiac angiosarcoma is a rare neoplasm, its presence should be suspected in patients with cutaneous metastatic angiosarcoma without an evident source of the tumor, even in absence of cardiac symptoms.
Expression of PGP 9.5 in granular cell nerve sheath tumors: an immunohistochemical study of six cases
Authors: Mahalingam Meera , LoPiccolo Danielle , Byers H. Randolph 
Published: March 2003

Background: Protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5) is expressed in brain at 20 to 50 times the levels detected in other organs. Immunohistochemical studies reveal this protein is localized to both central and peripheral neurons. Recently, PGP 9.5 is reported to be a useful marker for cellular neurothekeomas. Herein we test whether PGP 9.5 is a new marker for granular cell nerve sheath tumors.Material and Methods: An immunohistochemical analysis for PGP 9.5 expression was carried out on all cases with the diagnosis of granular cell nerve sheath tumor seen over a 2‐year period. In addition, we compared expression of PGP 9.5 with other accepted markers for neuroectodermal tumors including anti‐S‐100 protein and NKI/C3 monoclonal antibodies.Results: Six granular cell nerve sheath tumors were diagnosed in over 80,000 dermatopathology specimens in the two‐year period. These cases were all positive for PGP 9.5 as well as for S‐100 protein and NK1/C3.Conclusion: These findings identify PGP 9.5 as a new immunohistochemical marker for use in the diagnosis of granular cell tumors. They also strengthen the histogenetic relationship between granular cell nerve sheath tumors and tumors of Schwann cell or perineurial origin.
Tumor of the follicular infundibulum with sebaceous differentiation
Authors: Mahalingam Meera , Bhawan Jag , Finn Ronald , Stefanato Catherine M. 
Published: March 2003

Background: Tumor of the follicular infundibulum (TFI) is a relatively rare tumor which clinically presents as a solitary keratotic papule usually on the head and neck which on microscopic examination typically reveals a plate‐like fenestrated epithelial tumor composed of pale staining cells.Methods: We describe a new variant of TFI. An 80‐year‐old male with a history of multiple basal cell carcinomas and a squamous cell carcinoma presented with a 2‐year history of a red, scaly, slightly elevated plaque on the lateral aspect of his right buttock.Results: Histopathological examination revealed plate‐like reticulate epithelial outgrowths of large and pale cells with foci of sebaceous differentiation and numerous colloid bodies. Differential diagnosis included superficial basal cell carcinoma with sebaceous and ductal differentiation, tumor of the follicular infundibulum, an unusual fibroepithelioma of Pinkus or an eccrine fibroadenoma with sebaceous differentiation.Conclusion: This case illustrates a hybrid adnexal tumor with histologic features common to both tumor of the follicular infundibulum and superficial epithelioma with sebaceous differentiation.
Bullous amyloidosis: the mechanism of blister formation revealed by electron microscopy
Authors: Ochiai Toyoko , Morishima Takafumi , Hao Takako , Takayama Atsuko 
Published: March 2003

Background: Few electron microscopic studies of blister lesions in bullous amyloidosis have been reported, and the mechanism of blister formation remains to be elucidated. This study was designed to examine the nature of bullous amyloidosis ultrastructurally, and clarify the pathogenesis of blister formation.Methods: We examined a 47‐year‐old woman with IgD‐lambda type myeloma, suffering from bullous lesions on her hands and feet caused by trauma or rubbing. Light and electron microscopic studies were performed.Result: Ultrastructurally, amyloid deposits aggregated under the lamina densa. Keratinocyte protrusions penetrated the dermis through the gap in the lamina densa and enfolded amyloid deposits. Amyloid globules were found in enlarged intercellular spaces of keratinocytes. Desmosomes were sparsely distributed in some areas of the epidermis.Conclusion: These results indicate that keratinocytes enfold the amyloid globules and take them in the intercellular space of epidermis, and that the breakdown of the lamina densa and widening of the intercellular space between keratinocytes induce skin fragility. Trauma or rubbing of her hands and feet appears to act as the localized precipitating factor of blister formation in bullous amyloidosis.
Sweet’s syndrome in the setting of CD34‐positive acute myelogenous leukemia treated with granulocyte colony stimulating factor: evidence for a clonal neutrophilic dermatosis
Authors: Magro Cynthia M. , De Moraes Edward , Burns Frank 
Published: March 2003

Background: Sweet’s syndrome in the setting of hematologic dyscrasias can be categorized into paraneoplastic‐associated SS, drug‐induced SS, and SS with leukemia cutis. Apart from those cases demonstrating concomitant leukemic infiltrates, it has been surmised that SS is a reactive phenomenon induced by a specific cytokine milieu.Methods: The authors present a patient with CD34+ acute myelogenous leukemia (AAML) who developed SS in the setting granulocyte colony stimulating factor (GCSF) therapy. Routine light microscopy and molecular studies were carried on the patient’s skin biopsy specimen and post‐treatment marrow. An X inactivation assay for clonality was employed.Results: Routine light microscopic examination revealed differentiated myeloid precursors including myelocytes and metamyelocytes within the subcutis; myeloblasts were not identified. In addition, in the overlying skin, features typical of SS were observed. The neutrophils demonstrated dysplastic features including hypolobation compatible with a Pseudo Pelger‐Huet anomaly. X inactivation studies showed clonality both within her post‐treatment marrow and skin biopsy specimen.Conclusions: Sweet’s syndrome developing in CD34+ AML patients following GCSF therapy likely reflects therapy induced differentiation of sequestered leukemic cells, hence indicative of a clonal neutrophilic dermatosis.