bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Partial‐ or Full‐Mouth Approaches to Assessing the Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Periodontal Disease in Young Adults
Authors: Thomson W.M. , Williams S.M. 
Published: February 2005

Background: While partial‐mouth recording is often used in epidemiological studies of periodontal disease because of the efficiencies afforded in data collection, there has been no investigation of the extent to which information is lost in studies of young adults using the combined attachment loss (CAL) approach.Methods: A random sample of 25‐ and 26‐year‐olds was periodontally examined at 3 sites per tooth in all 4 quadrants. The analysis obtained fullmouth prevalence estimates for gingival recession (GR), probing depth (PD), and CAL. The half‐mouth analyses took 3 forms: 1) estimates from each of the left and right sides were obtained and compared; 2) estimates were obtained separately and compared for quadrants 1 and 3 (upper right and lower left), and quadrants 2 and 4 (upper left and lower right); and 3) estimates were obtained from a diagonal half‐mouth count, whereby quadrants 1 and 3 were analyzed for study participants whose identification number was odd, and quadrants 2 and 4 were analyzed for the remainder. The utility of the half‐mouth and full‐mouth approaches in analytical epidemiology was examined by estimating the strength of the association between periodontitis prevalence and smoking, male gender, and episodic use of dental care.Results: Of the 169 participants examined, 100 (59.2%) were female, 54 (32.0%) were smokers, and 78 (46.2%) were episodic dental visitors. The difference in prevalence estimates obtained from the different methods was considerably greater for GR than for PD and CAL. The unadjusted odds ratio (OR) for the prevalence of 1 or more teeth with ≥4 mm of CAL among smokers was 2.3 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.0, 5.3) using the full data set and 2.4 (95% CI 0.9, 6.1) using the diagonal half‐mouth approach. Similarly close odds ratios were observed for males and, to a lesser extent, for episodic dental visitors.Conclusions: Wherever possible, full‐mouth data should be collected for descriptive epidemiological studies of periodontal disease, but where resource and time constraints mean that half‐mouth examinations must be used, analytical studies of periodontitis should not be unduly affected by the loss of information. However, where the primary focus of the latter is upon gingival recession, the full‐mouth design should be used in order to capture all relevant information, and attention should be directed to making economies in other areas of the data collection process. J Periodontol 2002;73:1010‐1014.
Effect of Selective Cyclooxygenase‐2 Inhibition on the Development of Ligature‐Induced Periodontitis in Rats
Authors: Holzhausen Marinella , Rossa Carlos , Marcantonio Elcio , Nassar Patrícia O. , Spolidório Denise M.P. , Spolidório Luis C. 
Published: February 2005

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a selective cyclooxygenase‐2 inhibitor on the progression of alveolar bone loss in an experimental periodontitis model in rats.Methods: One hundred eighty (180) Wistar rats were separated into 3 experimental groups. Cotton ligatures were placed at the gingival margin level of lower right first molars. The rats were randomly assigned to one of the following groups that received: a daily oral dose of 10 mg/kg body weight of celecoxib (Cel); 20 mg/kg body weight of celecoxib (Ce2); or 10 ml/kg of saline solution (C). Serum levels of celecoxib and white blood cell count were determined. Standardized digital radiographs were taken after sacrifice at 3, 5, 10, 18, and 30 days to measure the amount of bone loss around the mesial root surface of the first molar tooth in each rat.Results: Two‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that groups treated with celecoxib had significantly less bone loss compared to controls (P <0.0001) and that there was a sig‐nificant interaction between treatment with celecoxib and time (P <0.03). Post‐hoc comparisons showed that in both groups treated with celecoxib, the bone loss became significant only after 10 days of ligature placement, while in the control group it was already significant after 5 days. However, differences in mean bone loss between control and Ce1 were significant only at 18 days and, between control and Ce2, at 5 and 18 days. There was no significant difference in bone loss among experimental groups at the end of the experimental period.Conclusion: These data provide evidence that systemic therapy with celecoxib can modify the progression of experimentally induced periodontitis in rats.J Periodontol2002;73:1030‐1036.
Patient Perceptions of Periodontal Therapy Completed in a Periodontal Practice
Authors: Fardal Øystein , Johannessen Anne C. , Linden Gerard J. 
Published: February 2005

Background: The perceptions that patients have of periodontal therapy have not been extensively studied and are not well understood. The purpose of this study was to assess the degree of discomfort associated with periodontal therapy carried out in a specialist practice.Methods: A consecutive group of 150 patients (90 females, 60 males; mean age 54.5 years) who had completed periodontal therapy, which included surgery, in a periodontal practice in Norway was studied. The patients indicated the discomfort they had experienced with periodontal therapy on a visual analog scale (VAS). Other factors associated with postoperative discomfort such as the use of analgesics were recorded.Results: The mean VAS scores were low for all procedures investigated. The highest mean score was recorded for anesthesia in the upper anterior region. There were small differences between the levels of discomfort reported by males compared to females. The VAS scores decreased with increasing age for anesthesia in the lower arch (P = 0.004) and surgery in the lower arch (P = 0.003). Virtually all (97%) of the patients perceived periodontal treatment to be associated with no more discomfort than conventional dental treatment.Conclusions: Very low reported levels of discomfort were associated with both non‐surgical and surgical periodontal therapy by Norwegian patients treated in a specialist periodontal practice. J Periodontol 2002;73:1060‐1066.
Radiographic and Histologic Evaluation of a Sinus Augmentation with Composite Bone Graft: A Clinical Case Report
Authors: Armand Serge , Kirsch Axel , Sergent Christophe , Kemoun Philippe , Brunel Gérard 
Published: February 2005

Background: The purpose of the present study was to present a clinical case report of a sinus augmentation with a composite bone graft and delayed implant placement with a 5‐year follow‐up.Methods: A 40‐year‐old female in good health required replacement of her partial upper removable denture with a prosthesis supported by implants. Due to insufficient bone, she had to undergo a sinus lift. A block graft of autogenous chin bone, along with anorganic bovine bone covered by collagen, was utilized. Eight months postsurgery, a biopsy core was taken and 3 endosseous implants were placed.Results: The sinus lift and implantation site are illustrated with clinical, radiological, and histological data. The discussion covers the problems raised by the choice of the surgical technique, grafting material, and immediate or delayed placement of the appropriate implant design.Conclusion: Our results show that a maxillary sinus augmentation with a composite bone graft is a possible method for creating adequate bone volume before implantation. J Periodontol 2002;73:1082‐1088.
High Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori Detected by PCR in the Oral Cavities of Periodontitis Patients
Authors: Umeda Makoto , Kobayashi Hiroaki , Takeuchi Yasuo , Hayashi Joichiro , Morotome‐Hayashi Yoko , Yano Kazuko , Aoki Akira , Ohkusa Toshifumi , Ishikawa Isao 
Published: February 2005

Background: Helicobacter pylori has been associated with the development of peptic ulcers and gastric cancer. Although it may be transmitted through the oral cavity, it is unknown whether the oral cavity acts as a permanent reservoir for this bacterium. The purpose of this study was to use nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to clarify whether the oral cavity acts as a reservoir for H.Pylori.Methods: The existence of H.Pylori in the oral cavity was determined by nested PCR in 57 subjects and by culture method in 18 subjects. The presence of periodontopathic bacteria was also determined by 16S rRNA‐based PCR method.Results: Although H.Pylori was rarely detected in the oral cavity by culture technique, it was frequently detected (35.1%) by nested PCR in the oral cavity, especially among periodontitis patients who had the bacterium in the gastrointestinal tract (46.4%). Among the subjects who harbored H.Pylori in the stomach or duodenum, 41.2% of patients with periodontal pockets ≥4 mm and 9.1% of subjects without pockets showed H. pylori in dental plaque, although a statistically significant difference was not observed. One patient who had periodontal pockets retained H.Pylori in the oral cavity even after eradication of the bacterium from the stomach and duodenum. Most (8/10) of the patients who had H.Pylori in dental plaque harbored Bacteroides forsythus in their oral cavities.Conclusion: Close attention should be given to periodontitis patients who harbor H.Pylori in the oral cavity. J Periodontol 2003;74:129‐134.
A Comparative Study on the Effect of Nicotine Administration and Cigarette Smoke Inhalation on Bone Healing Around Titanium Implants
Authors: César‐Neto João B. , Duarte Poliana M. , Sallum Enilson A. , Barbieri Deise , Moreno Heitor , Nociti Francisco H. 
Published: February 2005

Background: A series of isolated studies has focused on the influence of smoking on bone around titanium implants. This study proposes to investigate the impact of two conditions, i.e., nicotine administration and cigarette smoke inhalation, on the healing around implants.Methods: Forty‐five Wistar rats were used. After anesthesia, the tibiae surface was exposed and a screw‐shaped titanium implant was placed bilaterally. The animals were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: Group 1: control, n = 19; Group 2: intermittent cigarette smoke inhalation, n = 15; and Group 3: subcutaneous administration of nicotine (3 mg/kg) twice daily, n = 11. After 60 days, the animals were sacrificed. The degree of boneto‐ implant contact (BIC) and the bone area (BA) within the limits of the threads of the implant were measured in the cortical (zone A) and cancellous bone (zone B) areas.Results: In zone A, cigarette smoke presented a significant negative influence on BIC and BA (Kruskal‐Wallis test, P <0.05). In contrast, the administration of nicotine did not influence either parameter (P >0.05). In zone B, cigarette smoke inhalation also resulted in a decreased percentage of BIC compared to the control group (P <0.05). In addition, the BA was significantly decreased in groups 2 and 3 when compared to controls (P >0.05).Conclusion: The negative impact of smoking on implant outcomes may be related to more than one molecule present in the cigarette smoke and nicotine seems to partially contribute, especially in the cancellous bone. J Periodontol 2003;74:1454‐1459.
Periodontal Referral Patterns, 1980 Versus 2000: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Cobb Charles M. , Carrara Alexa , El‐Annan Erica , Youngblood Lou Ann , Becker Burton E. , Becker William , Oxford Gregory E. , Williams Karen B. 
Published: February 2005

Background: A review of the periodontal literature offers little information concerning trends in referral patterns of patients for periodontal therapy. Over the last 2 decades, there has been a significant increase in the knowledge base concerning inflammatory periodontal disease. It might be assumed that the collective advances in knowledge have impacted periodontal referral patterns. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine the differences in periodontal referral patterns in the same offices separated by a 20‐year interval (i.e., 1980 and 2000).Methods: A retrospective chart analysis was conducted on a total of 782 patient charts from three conveniently selected periodontal practices. Charts were randomly selected from two time periods: 1980‐ 1981 and 2000‐2001. The following information was obtained from each patient record: gender, age at time of initial examination, tobacco smoking status at time of initial examination, periodontal case type, number of missing teeth at initial examination (not including third molars), and number of teeth scheduled for extraction per periodontal treatment plan. Descriptive data were analyzed using frequency distributions, measures of central tendency, and measures of dispersion. Non‐parametric statistics were used to examine the relationship of disease severity as a function of site, time period, and patient age.Results: The following trends were noted: 1) an increase in the average age of patients at the time of the initial examination; 2) a decrease in the percentage of patients using tobacco at the time of the initial interview; 3) an increase in the percentage of periodontal Case Type IV patients with a concomitant decrease in the number of periodontal Case Type III patients; 4) an increase in the average number of missing teeth per patient at the initial examination; and 5) an increase in the average number of teeth scheduled for extraction per periodontal treatment plan.Conclusions: Characteristics of patients referred in 1980 compared to those referred in the year 2000 indicate that, although fewer patients used tobacco, there were several noteworthy trends. At referral, patients exhibited a greater loss of teeth, had more severe disease, and required extraction of a greater number of teeth in 2000 compared to 1980. Possible reasons for these trends are discussed. J Periodontol 2003;74:1470‐1474.
Bone‐Implant Interface Around Titanium Implants Under Different Loading Conditions: A Histomorphometrical Analysis in the Macaca fascicularis Monkey
Authors: Romanos George E. , Toh Chooi Gait , Siar Chong Huat , Wicht Helmut , Yacoob Hashim , Nentwig Georg‐Hubertus 
Published: February 2005

Background: Bone healing around endosseous dental implants is associated with peri‐implant loading conditions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate histomorphometrically the bone response around unloaded, delayed, and immediately loaded implants with a progressive thread design that were placed in the posterior regions of the lower jaw in monkeys.Methods: Nine adult monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) were used in this study. After extraction of the second premolars and first and second molars in the mandible, the bone was allowed to heal for a period of 3 months. Forty‐eight 8 mm long implants with a diameter of 3.5 mm were placed according to the following protocol. In two of the monkeys, six implants were placed and left to heal submerged for 3 months (group A). In seven monkeys, 21 implants were placed in one side of the mandible and loaded after 3 months of submerged healing (group B). The group B implants were loaded with temporary resin bridges at the same time as another 21 implants that were loaded immediately (group C) after placement in the contralateral side of the mandibles of the same monkeys. The occlusion of group B and C implants was checked for optimal relationship of the resin bridges that were replaced 1 month later with metal bridges and loaded for an additional 2 months. The group A animals were sacrificed after 3 months of submerged healing without loading; group B and C animals were sacrificed after 3 months of implant loading. Specimens were examined histologically and histomorphometrically.Results: All implants osseointegrated without presenting any gap in the metal‐bone interface. Compact cortical bone was found in contact with the implant surfaces. Group A implants demonstrated in the interface cancellous bone with loose connective tissue. Group B and C implants showed a thick cortical plate with extensive bone trabeculae formation. There was a significant difference in bone‐to‐implant contact (BIC) between the various loading conditions. No significant difference (P <0.05) was found between groups B and C. There was an increased area of bone (BA) within the threads as well as around the apices of group B and C implants.Conclusions: Implant loading might have stimulated increased bone formation and thus may be a key factor in influencing positive osseointegration. In addition, immediately loaded implants may osseointegrate in a similar manner as delayed loaded implants. J Periodontol 2003;74:1483‐1490.
Effect of Estrogen and Calcitonin Therapies on Bone Density in a Lateral Area Adjacent to Implants Placed in the Tibiae of Ovariectomized Rats
Authors: Duarte Poliana Mendes , César‐Neto João B. , Sallum Antonio Wilson , Sallum Enilson Antonio , Nociti Francisco H. 
Published: February 2005

Background: This study evaluated the influence of estrogen and calcitonin administration on tibial bone density in a lateral area adjacent to implants placed in ovariectomized rats (OVX).Methods: One screw‐type titanium implant was placed bilaterally in the ovariectomized rats, and the animals assigned to one of the following groups: group 1 (n = 15): sham surgeries; group 2 n = 15): OVX; group 3 (n = 14): OVX subcutaneously administered with calcitonin (CT) 4 days/week (16 IU/kg); group 4 (n = 14): OVX administered daily with 17β estradiol (20 µg/kg). After 60 days, the animals were sacrificed and undecalcified sections obtained. Blood samples were collected to measure serum levels of alkaline phosphatase and calcium at the time of sacrifice. Bone density was measured in a 500 µm wide mineralized zone lateral to the implant.Results: Alkaline phosphatase levels in groups 2 and 3 P >0.05) were statistically higher than groups 1 and 4 (P <0.05), and calcium serum levels were higher in group 2 than the other groups (P <0.05). Regarding bone density, the data were grouped separately for cortical (zone A) and cancellous (zone B) bone. In zone A, intergroup analysis revealed no significant difference among groups (P >0.05). However, in zone B, the animals that received estrogen administration (group 4) presented a higher bone density than groups 2 and 3 (P <0.05).Conclusion: It appears that estrogen therapy may prevent the negative influence of endogenous estrogen deficiency on bone density around titanium implants placed in ovariectomized rats. J Periodontol 2003;74:1618‐1624.
Prevalence of Human Herpesviruses in Patients with Aggressive Periodontitis
Authors: Yapar Mehmet , Saygun Işıl , Özdemir Atilla , Kubar Ayhan , Şahin Sermet 
Published: February 2005

Background: Recent studies have demonstrated that various human viruses, especially cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and Epstein‐Barr virus type‐1 (EBV‐1), seem to play a part in the pathogenesis of human periodontitis. The aim of this investigation was evaluate the subgingival presence of HCMV and EBV in patients with aggressive periodontitis (AgP) and healthy subjects and to examine the effect of treatment on the incidence of these viruses months following surgery.Methods: A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method determined the presence of HCMV and EBV‐1. Subgingival plaque samples from 17 consecutive AgP patients and 16 healthy controls were collected. The following indices were measured: plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing depths (PD), and clinical attachment loss (CAL). Clinical parameters were assessed pretherapy and at 3 months following surgical and antimicrobial therapy.Results: HCMV was detected in 64.7% of AgP patients but not detected in healthy subjects (P <0.001) and EBV‐1 in 70.6% of AgP patients and 6.3% of the healthy controls (P <0.001). HCMV and EBV‐1 coinfection was detected in 41.7% of AgP patients. A statistically significant decrease was found in all clinical parameters 3 months after treatment. There was a statistically significant decrease in HCMV and EBV‐1 following therapy (P <0.001; no HCMV; 1 patient with EBV‐1).Conclusions: These findings indicate that subgingival presence of EBV‐1 HCMV is strongly associated with aggressive periodontitis, and coinfection with HCMV and EBV‐1 appears to be particularly deleterious to periodontal health. J Periodontol 2003;74:1634‐1640.
Gingival Depigmentation by Erbium: YAG Laser: Clinical Observations and Patient Responses
Authors: Tal Haim , Oegiesser Dan , Tal Maya 
Published: February 2005

Background: Melanin, carotene and hemoglobin are the most common natural pigments contributing to the normal color of the gums. Although physiologic and ethnic melanin pigmentation is not a medical problem, complaints about “black gums” are common. Gingival depigmentation has been carried out using non‐surgical and surgical procedures. Recently, laser ablation has been recognized as a most effective, pleasant and reliable technique.Methods: The study included 10 patients who requested cosmetic therapy for melanin pigmented gums. Treatment was carried out using an erbium:YAG laser. The laser beam was set at 500 mJ/10 pulses/second. The beam was defocused to produce a 3 mm diameter circle, thus reducing the beam penetration to 2 to 4 µm/pulse while increasing the treated surface. The “brush” technique was applied until the gingival surface appeared clinically free of pigmentation. Patients were observed for 6 months. Each patient filled out a personal evaluation questionnaire for clinical analysis.Results: Between 500 to 1,100 pulses/cm2 were recorded and a total of 800 to 2,200 pulses were required per patient, depending on the epithelium thickness and pigmentation. Treatment required only topical anesthesia. Healing was uneventful and required no supportive therapy. None of the patients experienced severe pain during or post‐operatively. Mild pain or itching was common during the first week. Treatment was reported as generally pleasant. Follow‐up during the 6 months showed no recurrences.Conclusions: Depigmentation of gingival melanin pigmentation by erbium:YAG laser radiation in a defocused mode was a safe and effective procedure. The esthetic results were pleasing and healing was uneventful. Since the erbium:YAG laser is available in the dental office, it seems to be the laser of choice for this procedure.J Periodontol 2003;74:1660‐1667.
Vitamin D Receptor Alleles, Periodontal Disease Progression, and Tooth Loss in the VA Dental Longitudinal Study
Authors: Inagaki Koji , Krall Elizabeth A. , Fleet James C. , Garcia Raul I. 
Published: February 2005

Background: The relationship between the vitamin D receptor (VDR) genotype and periodontal disease is not known. This study compared periodontal disease progression among polymorphisms of 2 VDR genes in men in the VA Dental Longitudinal Study.Methods: Subjects were 125 medically healthy, middle‐aged men who had serial oral examinations over a mean 23‐year period. Probing depth, gingival bleeding on probing, clinical attachment loss (CAL), and alveolar bone loss (ABL) from radiographs were measured at each examination. Progression of periodontal disease was defined as the percentage of teeth per decade that increased ABL by ≥40%, and the percentage of teeth per decade that developed CAL ≥5 mm. ApaI and TaqI polymorphisms were determined from buffy coat cells following polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. Mean changes in oral status were adjusted for baseline values of smoking status, number of teeth present, and periodontal status by analysis of covariance.Results: Genotype distributions were 41 AA, 58 Aa, 26 aa; and 53 TT, 46 Tt, 26 tt. The AA genotype showed the highest rates of progression of ABL (5 ± 1% versus 1 ± 1% and 2 ± 1% teeth in Aa and aa, respectively; P = 0.03), CAL (37 ± 4% versus 17 ± 4% and 27 ± 6% teeth; P = 0.004), and tooth loss (2 ± 0.3 versus 1 ± 0.3 and 1 ± 0.4 teeth; P = 0.04). When genotype combinations were examined, progression of ABL, CAL, and tooth loss was highest in the AATT and AATt genotypes.Conclusions: The ApaI polymorphism of the VDR gene is associated with oral bone loss, clinical attachment loss, and tooth loss in older men. Analysis of the VDR alleles may prove useful for predicting periodontal disease. J Periodontol 2003;74:161‐167.