bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Focusing on public value: Something new and something old
Authors: Smith RFI 
Published: December 2004

This article develops two propositions. First, that the public sector needs new stories that make sense of recent storms of change. Second, that focusing on ‘public value’ helps tell a useful new story.Much contemporary commentary comes from analysts working within a particular field of thought. However, problems of public policy and management are hard to discipline. Public value is not the property of particular political parties, public service institutions, academic disciplines or professions.Public value is defined and redefined through social and political interaction. Such interaction involves politicians, officials and communities. Focusing on public value enables one to aggregate issues for scholarly analysis in terms that should also make sense to citizens and communities, political activists and people responsible for delivering public services.The article argues that: recent agendas for public sector change overlap and that implementation is incomplete; the skills of analysts and activists in the public sector, and in associated sectors delivering public services, need large components of expertise in interpreting ambiguous patterns and the management of complex relationships; and that the cumulative impact of succeeding agendas is to widen the scope of issues in play.Large components in both reform and agendas have involved bringing the public sector firmly under political control. However, the later emphasis on consultation and participation places political executives under great pressure. The more deliberation is promised the more is demanded. There is increasing pressure for the task of exploring for public value to be shared more widely.The article develops its key propositions by exploring three main themes: first, the notion of public value and the emphasis in it on search and interaction as a basis for political and managerial leadership; second, the contested impacts of recent agendas of change in the public and other affected sectors which have widened the scope of issues in play but have left key institutional and policy issues unresolved; and, third, a sample of current and emerging issues in which asking questions about public value may help activists, politicians and managers more creatively focus their attention.Focusing on public value can help communities, service providers and political leaders ask and answer a new and wider range of questions while continuing to learn from recent experience, however complex and contested.
Don’t Leave Me Hanging on the Anglophone: The Potential for Online Distance Higher Education in the Asia‐Pacific Region
Authors: Marginson Simon 
Published: December 2004

AbstractIn the last decade there have been many attempts to mount online distance higher education programs on a global scale, led by the e‐learning industry and university companies and consortia, some with government support: e.g. Universitas21 Global, Cardean University, Fathom, NYUOnline and the UKe‐University. A primary commercial objective has been student markets in the Asia‐Pacific nations, especially China, given unmet domestic demand and the growth of cross‐border education. However while for‐profit providers such as the University of Phoenix Online have shown mass online programs are viable in targeted markets, albeit more expensive than face‐to‐face programs, would‐be global ventures have faltered or collapsed. The paper reviews the failure of English language global e‐learning in the light of industry marketing strategies, the economics of online education, and the specifics of Asia‐Pacific nations including unmet demand for education. It argues that for exporter universities, the potential of cross‐border online education can only be realised if communications capacity in the Asia‐Pacific nations is enhanced; and online programs are teaching‐intensive, and customised for cultural and linguistic variations. Long‐term equal partnerships with local and system providers are essential. For policy makers, the implosion of global e‐learning points to the need to use expert judgment in relation to the different options for enhancing the capacity of higher education at home and abroad. It also suggests the need for greater scepticism about commercially driven scenarios and claims of company prospectuses, and about the viability of market‐controlled paths of development.
Collaboration with the Community to Widen Participation: ‘Partners’ without Power or Absent ‘Friends’?
Authors: Slack Kim 
Published: December 2004

AbstractCurrent discourse around widening participation emphasises the importance of partnership and collaboration. For example, the Learning Skills Council and government policy all cite the need to adopt collaborative approaches to assist with widening participation and student progression. In 1998 the Higher Education Funding Council for England (HEFCE) called for proposals for higher education institutions to build partnerships to widen participation. Successful partnership bids were subsequently funded for a period of one year initially and extended up to three years in total. One of the aims of the partnerships as outlined by the HEFCE was to address uneven rates of demand for higher education amongst certain socio‐economic groups by working in collaboration with other organisations. This article focuses on one aspect of an evaluative research project examining collaboration resulting from the HEFCE initiative: the involvement of communities in developing partnerships. It examines their initial involvement and the extent to which they were then incorporated into ongoing partnerships and decision‐making. Factors that mitigate against community involvement are discussed. It is concluded that although organizational and institutional links can be highly beneficial to realizing the objective of a widened base of involvement in HE there may be a sense in which the role of communities is either neglected, or worse, omitted.
All Together Now? Arts and Social Science Views of Research Assessment in Britain
Authors: Delamont Sara 
Published: December 2004

AbstractDuring 2002–2003 there was an enquiry into the future of Research Assessment Exercises in Britain. Learned societies in Arts and Social Sciences who copied their submissions to the author for meta‐analysis held very similar views. However these views are not strongly represented in the published report, because only a small minority of societies submitted evidence.
Consumer acceptance and physicochemical quality of processed red sorrel/roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) sauces from enzymatic extracted calyces
Authors: D’Heureux‐Calix Faye , Badrie Neela 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe objectives of this study were to utilize sorrel puree from enzymatic extracted sorrel or roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) calyces in the processing of sauces and to determine consumer acceptance of sauces with the addition of 0.3% and 0.4% xanthan gum. The physicochemical (particularly colour) and microbial quality changes in sauces were monitored during storage. Pectolase treatment of sorrel calyces resulted in a high yield (94.5%) of puree, but the hue changed (P < 0.05) from red to orange‐yellow. Adjustment of puree to pH 2.3 resulted (P < 0.05) in an intense red colour. Sensory and physicochemical attributes did not differ significantly between sauces except for consistency and hue. Sensory colour was the most liked (P < 0.05) attribute with an instrumental colour ‘L’ 23.5, ‘a’ 3.5 and ‘b’ 0.40. Total soluble solids and pH were 41.0–43.5°Brix and 2.62 ± 0.04, respectively. Sauces were liked slightly to moderately in overall acceptability. A positive correlation (P < 0.05) was noted between the overall acceptability to other sensory attributes. Colour became less dark and red (P < 0.05) on storage at 20°C for 6 weeks. Sauces had < 10 cfu/mL of yeasts and moulds, lactobacilli and total mesophilic aerobes throughout storage at 20°C for 8 weeks. A 25‐g sauce serving provided 0.7‐g dietary fibre or 3% of the daily value. The overall acceptability of sorrel sauce makes it an ideal ingredient for use in the food service industry and inclusion in a number of dishes.
Topical radiant heating in wound healing: an experimental study in a donor site wound model*
Authors: Khan Aadil A , Banwell Paul E , Bakker Martijn C , Gillespie Patrick G , McGrouther Douglas A , Roberts Anthony HN 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe importance of temperature in the wound‐healing process is rapidly being recognised as a novel way in which to manipulate the wound‐healing environment. In this study, we aimed to investigate the direct effect of topical radiant heating (TRH), using a novel bandaging system (Warm‐Up™, Arizant Healthcare Inc., Eden Prairie MN, USA; Augustine Medical, USA), on wound healing at a physiological and cellular level. Experimental bandages were positioned over split‐thickness skin graft donor site wounds of 12 patients undergoing graft harvesting from the anterior thigh. The experimental group (n = 6) underwent intermittent heating for 5 hours (three 1‐hour heating cycles at 38°C, separated by two 1‐hour rest periods), whilst the control group (n = 6) received no radiant heating. Physiological blood‐flow recordings both in the control group and the topical radiant heat cohort were undertaken using Laser Doppler Imaging (LDI). Skin biopsies were obtained at identical time points, and immunohistochemical analysis was undertaken using antibodies against neutrophils (NP57), lymphocytes (CD3) and macrophages (CD68). We found that TRH significantly increased local dermal blood flow (P < 0·001) by up to 100% in both injured and intact skin. Furthermore, this increase in flow was associated with a significant (P < 0·05) increase in CD3 immunoreactivity on day 1 postoperatively. This study demonstrates that TRH increases local blood flow and lymphocyte (CD3) extravasation, and we postulate that these changes may enhance local innate immunity within the healing wound environment.
Primate Ecology and Social Structure Vol. 1: Lorises, Lemurs and Tarsiers: Primate Ecology and Social Structure Vol. 2: New World Monkeys: Primate Ecology and Social Structure Vol. 3: Old World Monkeys and Apes
Authors: Martin R. D. 
Published: December 2004

Primate Ecology and Social Structure Vol. 1: Lorises, Lemurs and Tarsiers. Robert W. Sussman. Needham Heights. MA: Pearson Custom Publishing, 1999. 284 pp.Primate Ecology and Social Structure Vol. 2: New World Monkeys. Robert W. Sussman. Needham Heights. MA: Pearson Custom Publishing, 2000. 207 pp.Primate Ecology and Social Structure Vol. 3: Old World Monkeys and Apes. Robert W. Sussman. Needham Heights. MA: Pearson Custom Publishing, in press.
Hip‐Hop: The Culture, the Sound, the Science; One Planet under a Groove: Hip‐Hop and Contemporary Art
Authors: Codrington Raymond 
Published: December 2004

Hip‐Hop: The Culture, the Sound, the Science. The Museum of Science and Industry, Chicago. January 18–May 27, 2002.One Planet under. Groove: Hip‐Hop and Contemporary Art. The Bronx Museum of the Arts, Bronx, NY. October 26, 2001—March 3, 2002; Walker Art Center, Minneapolis, MN, July 14–October 13, 2002; Spelman College Museum of Fine Art, Atlanta, GA, Spring 2003.
Single-Tooth Replacements in the Esthetic Zone With an Immediate Function Implant: A Preliminary Report
Authors: Locante William M. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
Patients demand an economic, esthetic, and expedient fashion to replace teeth that are missing in the esthetic zone. The clinical response of a 1-piece spiral immediate-function implant was evaluated for this purpose. The implants were placed into immediate extraction sites as well as healed sites and were provisionalized, and patients were put into immediate function the same day as surgery. Sites that qualified for this technique were based on bone density. Bone density in combination with its aggressive thread design and conservative surgical osteotomy preparation produced a 98.8% success rate over a 3-year period for 86 patients.
The Impact of Nanostructuring on the Thermal Conductivity of Thermoelectric CoSb3
Authors: Toprak M. S. , Stiewe C. , Platzek D. , Williams S. , Bertini L. , Müller E. , Gatti C. , Zhang Y. , Rowe M. , Muhammed M. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe high concentration of grain boundaries provided by nanostructuring is expected to lower the thermal conductivity of thermoelectric materials, which favors an increase in their thermoelectric figure‐of‐merit, ZT. A novel chemical alloying method has been used for the synthesis of nanoengineered‐skutterudite CoSb3. The CoSb3 powders were annealed for different durations to obtain a set of samples with different particle sizes. The samples were then compacted into pellets by uniaxial pressing under various conditions and used for the thermoelectric characterization. The transport properties were investigated by measuring the Seebeck coefficient and the electrical and thermal conductivities in the temperature range 300 K to 650 K. A substantial reduction in the thermal conductivity of CoSb3 was observed with decreasing grain size in the nanometer region. For an average grain size of 140 nm, the thermal conductivity was reduced by almost an order of magnitude compared to that of a single crystalline or highly annealed polycrystalline material. The highest ZT value obtained was 0.17 at 611 K for a sample with an average grain size of 220 nm. The observed decrease in the thermal conductivity with decreasing grain size is quantified using a model that combines the macroscopic effective medium approaches with the concept of the Kapitza resistance. The compacted samples exhibit Kapitza resistances typical of semiconductors and comparable to those of Si–Ge alloys.
Understanding Noncovalent Interactions: Ligand Binding Energy and Catalytic Efficiency from Ligand‐Induced Reductions in Motion within Receptors and Enzymes
Authors: Williams Dudley H. , Stephens Elaine , O'Brien Dominic P. , Zhou Min 
Published: December 2004

AbstractNoncovalent interactions are sometimes treated as additive and this enables useful average binding energies for common interactions in aqueous solution to be derived. However, the additive approach is often not applicable, since noncovalent interactions are often either mutually reinforcing (positively cooperative) or mutually weakening (negatively cooperative). Ligand binding energy is derived (positively cooperative binding) when a ligand reduces motion within a receptor. Similarly, transition‐state binding energy is derived in enzyme‐catalyzed reactions when the substrate transition state reduces the motions within an enzyme. Ligands and substrates can in this way improve their affinities for these proteins. The further organization occurs with a benefit in bonding (enthalpy) and a limitation in dynamics (cost in entropy), but does not demand the making of new noncovalent interactions, simply the strengthening of existing ones. Negative cooperativity induces converse effects: less efficient packing, a cost in enthalpy, and a benefit in entropy.
The Transcriptional Coactivator p300 Plays a Critical Role in the Hypertrophic and Protective Pathways Induced by Phenylephrine in Cardiac Cells but Is Specific to the Hypertrophic Effect of Urocortin
Authors: Davidson Sean M. , Townsend Paul A. , Carroll Chris , Yurek‐George Alexander , Balasubramanyam Karanam , Kundu Tapas K. , Stephanou Anastasis , Packham Graham , Ganesan A. , Latchman David S. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractAnacardic acid is an alkylsalicylic acid obtained from cashew‐nut‐shell liquid, and is a potent inhibitor of p300 histone acetyl‐transferase (HAT) activity. We have used anacardic acid to prevent the induction of hypertrophy in isolated neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Hypertrophy was detected as an increase in cell size, the rearrangement of sarcomeres into a striated pattern, and the induction of embryonic genes β‐MHC and ANF. p300 inhibition was equally effective at preventing hypertrophy whether it was induced by treatment with the α1‐adrenergic agonist, phenylephrine, or by treatment with urocortin, a member of the corticotrophin‐releasing‐factor family, which stimulates specific G protein‐coupled receptors. Spiruchostatin A is a natural‐product inhibitor of histone deacetylases (HDAC) similar to the depsipeptide FK228 molecule. We have recently synthesized spiruchostatin A and now show that, although HDACs act in opposition to HATs, spiruchostatin A has the same effect as anacardic acid, that is, it prevents the induction of hypertrophy in response to phenylephrine or urocortin. Pretreatment with either phenylephrine or urocortin reduced the extent of death observed after the exposure of isolated cardiomyocytes to simulated ischaemia and reoxygenation. Inhibition of p300 or HDAC activity eliminated the protection conferred by phenylephrine; however, it did not affect the protection conferred by urocortin. Therefore, it might eventually be possible to use chemical inhibitors such as these in a therapeutic setting to dissociate the protective effect and hypertrophic effect of urocortin, enhancing the survival of cardiomyocytes exposed to transient ischemia, while inhibiting the hypertrophic pathway that would otherwise be induced concurrently.
Subsolidus Phase Relation, Crystal Structure and Superconductivity of the SmBa2‐xSrxCu3O7‐δ System.
Authors: Song G. B. , Liang J. K. , Liu F. S. , Yang L. T. , Liu Q. L. , Luo J. , Rao G. H. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Antifluorite‐Type Lithium Chromium Oxide Nitrides: Synthesis, Structure, Order, and Electrochemical Properties.
Authors: Cabana Jordi , Ling Christopher D. , Oro‐Sole Judith , Gautier Damien , Tobias Gerard , Adams Stefan , Canadell Enric , Palacin M. Rosa 
Published: December 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Chiral Monodentate Binaphthophosphepine Ligands and Their Application in Asymmetric Hydrogenations.
Authors: Junge Kathrin , Hagemann Bernhard , Enthaler Stephan , Spannenberg Anke , Michalik Manfred , Oehme Guenther , Monsees Axel , Riermeier Thomas , Beller Matthias 
Published: December 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
New Application of 1,1,3,3,3‐Pentafluoropropene‐diethylamine Adduct (PFPDEA) as Fluorinating Agent. Synthesis of 3,3,3‐Trifluoropropionates of Vicinal Fluorohydrins.
Authors: Walkowiak J. , Haufe G. , Koroniak H. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
New 4‐Pentafluorosulfanyl and 4‐Perfluoroalkylthio Derivatives of 1‐Chloro‐2‐nitro‐ and 1‐Chloro‐2,6‐dinitrobenzenes.
Authors: Sipyagin Alexey M. , Enshov Vyacheslav S. , Kashtanov Sergei A. , Bateman Colin P. , Mullen Brian D. , Tan Ying‐Teck , Thrasher Joseph S. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
One‐Pot Clean Synthesis of 1,8‐Dioxo‐decahydroacridines Catalyzed by p‐Dodecylbenezenesulfonic Acid in Aqueous Media.
Authors: Jin Tong‐Shou , Zhang Jian‐She , Guo Tong‐Tong , Wang Ai‐Qing , Li Tong‐Shuang 
Published: December 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Protic Acid (HClO4 Supported on Silica Gel)‐Mediated Synthesis of 2,3‐Unsaturated‐O‐glucosides and a Chiral Furan Diol from 2,3‐Glycals.
Authors: Agarwal Aditi , Rani Shikha , Vankar Yashwant D. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Isolation and Characterization of Novel Geldanamycin Analogues.
Authors: Hu Zhihao , Liu Yaoquan , Tian Zong‐Qiang , Ma Wei , Starks Courtney M. , Regentin Rika , Licari Peter , Myles David C. , Hutchinson C. Richard 
Published: December 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Total Synthesis and Configurational Assignment of (‐)‐Dictyostatin (I), a Microtubule‐Stabilizing Macrolide of Marine Sponge Origin.
Authors: Paterson Ian , Britton Robert , Delgado Oscar , Meyer Arndt , Poullennec Karine G. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Seasonal change in neuron size and spacing but not neuronal recruitment in a basal ganglia nucleus in the avian song control system
Authors: Thompson Christopher K. , Brenowitz Eliot A. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractNeural plasticity in the song control system of seasonally breeding songbirds accompanies seasonal changes in singing behavior. The volume of Area X, a song control nucleus that forms a portion of the avian basal ganglia, is 75% larger in the spring than it is in the fall. The neuronal basis of the seasonal plasticity in Area X is largely unknown, however. We examined neuronal attributes of Area X in wild adult male song sparrows (Melospiza melodia) captured during the spring and the fall after being implanted for 30 days with osmotic pumps containing [3H]thymidine. We measured the volume of Area X from thionin‐stained sections, and neuronal density and number, and average area of the soma from sections labeled with an antibody against Hu, a neuron‐specific protein. We sampled two neuron classes: “small” neurons that were most likely striatal‐like spiny neurons and “large” neurons, which most likely included pallidal‐like projection neurons. We also analyzed seasonal patterns of neuronal recruitment to Area X. The average area of the soma and neuronal spacing for both neuronal classes were greater in breeding birds. There was no difference in total neuron number for both neuronal classes between seasons. The average area of the soma and density and number of newly recruited neurons did not vary across seasons. These results demonstrate that seasonal plasticity in Area X includes changes in neuron size and neuronal density, but not changes in the rate at which new neurons are recruited. J. Comp. Neurol. 481:276–283, 2005. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Optical Saturation in Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy under Continuous‐Wave and Pulsed Excitation
Authors: Gregor Ingo , Patra Digambara , Enderlein Jörg 
Published: December 2004

AbstractA detailed theoretical and experimental study of the dependence of fluorescence correlation measurements on optical excitation power due to optical saturation effects is presented. It is shown that the sensitivity of a fluorescence correlation measurement on excitation power becomes increasingly stronger for decreasing excitation power. This makes exact measurements of diffusion coefficients with fluorescence correlation spectroscopy rather difficult. A strong difference of this behavior for continuous‐wave and pulsed excitation is found.