bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What type of leadership is more effective for managing change during force majeure? Achieving organizational effectiveness during the pandemic
Authors: Habib Nazia , Naveed Shaheryar , Mumtaz Muhammad , Sultana Rabia , Akhtar Shoaib 
Published: October 2023

Purpose
Leaders have been facing serious challenges in managing organizations during COVID-19, which has brought the need for implementing sudden technological change across the globe. Hence, it was important to identify effective leadership styles to successfully manage the transformational process during the period. Therefore, the current study aims to explore and compare the effectiveness of transformational and ethical leadership (EL) in terms of achieving organizational goals during COVID-19 in public and private sector organizations in Pakistan.

Design/methodology/approach
Comparative research was carried out to find out the effectiveness of transformational and EL during and pre-COVID-19 in public and private sector organizations using the lens of social exchange theory. Data was collected from 214 respondents representing 67.6% of public and 32.4% of private sector organizations of Pakistan at two different points in time. Detailed comparative analyses were conducted in AMOS version 24 to assess the effectiveness of leadership styles before and during COVID-19 times.

Findings
On the whole, transformational leadership (TL) was found to have a greater impact on organizational effectiveness (OE) in comparison with EL in both pre-and during COVID-19 situations. Moreover, the effectiveness of TL significantly increased and the same decreased for EL during COVID-19. Additional analyses indicated that TL was effective for the private sector and EL for public sector organizations during COVID-19.

Research limitations/implications
The study has not considered the mediating mechanisms of employee motivation, engagement and performance in the relationship between transformational and EL styles and OE, which can be explored in the future.

Practical implications
These results have important implications for private and public sector organizations and suggest that the adoption of a TL style will generate better results in the private sector and an EL style in public sector organizations to achieve OE in uncertain situations such as COVID-19.

Social implications
The study shows that leadership with more care and concern for humanity tends to perform better in terms of generating results for OE. Therefore, both transformational and EL are based on individualized consideration for employees and are effective during COVID-19 in private and public sector organizations in Pakistan.

Originality/value
The study has carried out the comparative analyses in three different ways, including leadership styles (transformational and ethical), type of organization (private and public) and time frames (pre and during COVID-19), which is a true contribution of the research in the Pakistani context.
Drama Queens: applying dramaturgy as an inclusive pedagogy within the one shot
Authors: Brown Sarah E. , Weaver Kari D. 
Published: October 2023

PurposeTo illuminate the experience of working with students using the innovative pedagogical approach of dramaturgy, this pedagogy can more effectively address systemic bias within academia.Design/methodology/approachThis paper is rooted in dramaturgical theory which suggests that how a person's identity or background is being constantly reshaped by their interactions with one another and the world around them. Within a classroom setting, it applies to contexts where group activities have a required performative aspect.FindingsThe authors found that taking a dramaturgical approach can be a very effective active learning technique within a one-shot information literacy instruction context.Originality/valueCreative approaches to information literacy instruction often remain untried, and the combination of this work and the consideration of dramaturgical theory within the framework of inclusive pedagogy is a distinct contribution to the field.
Atlantic cod individual spatial behaviour and stable isotope associations in a no‐take marine reserve
Authors: Monk Christopher T. , Power Michael , Freitas Carla , Harrison Philip M. , Heupel Michelle , Kuparinen Anna , Moland Even , Simpfendorfer Colin , Villegas‐Ríos David , Olsen Esben M. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Foraging is a behavioural process and, therefore, individual behaviour and diet are theorized to covary. However, few comparisons of individual behaviour type and diet exist in the wild.

We tested whether behaviour type and diet covary in a protected population of Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua.

Working in a no‐take marine reserve, we could collect data on natural behavioural variation and diet choice with minimal anthropogenic disturbance. We inferred behaviour using acoustic telemetry and diet from stable isotope compositions (expressed as δ13C and δ15N values). We further investigated whether behaviour and diet could have survival costs.

We found cod with shorter diel vertical migration distances fed at higher trophic levels. Cod δ13C and δ15N values scaled positively with body size. Neither behaviour nor diet predicted survival, indicating phenotypic diversity is maintained without survival costs for cod in a protected ecosystem.

The links between diet and diel vertical migration highlight that future work is needed to understand whether the shifts in this behaviour during environmental change (e.g. fishing or climate), could lead to trophic cascades.
Family domains: A conceptual framework with practical application for adolescent inpatient services
Authors: Hill Jonathan , Cornwell Simon , James Anthony , Lee Heather , Riley Steven , Tranter Paul , Tutty Fran 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAccording to the Family Domains Framework (FDF), family life consists of a movement of parents and children across four domains: exploratory, attachment, discipline/expectation and safety. Each has its own typical behaviours, ways of speaking and pacing, and each serves distinct and equally important functions for the growing child. On admission to an adolescent psychiatric unit, staff become temporary custodians of some of the domains' processes, while also working in partnership with parents. Here we outline the Family Domains Framework and describe its application in a Family‐Domains‐informed systemic therapy, attending to the roles of unit staff, the family therapist, parent and young person. We outline how the FDF can be used to review everyday challenges involving staff, parents and young people to generate hypotheses and ideas for alternative staff strategies. We also describe how the framework can be used to clarify the roles of unit staff and parents.
The effect of rural hospital closures on maternal and infant health
Authors: Durrance Christine , Guldi Melanie , Schulkind Lisa 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of rural hospital closures on infant and maternal health outcomes.Data Sources and Study SettingWe used restricted National Vital Statistics System birth and linked birth and infant death data, merged with county‐level hospital closures from the Sheps Center for the period 2005–2019.Study DesignWe used difference‐in‐difference and event study methods, employing new estimators that account for staggered treatment timing. Our key outcome variables were prenatal care initiation; birth outcomes (<2500 g; <1500 g; <37 weeks; <28 weeks; 5‐min Apgar); delivery outcomes (cesarean, induction, hospital birth); and infant death (<1 year of birth; <=30 days of birth; <=7 days of birth; <= 1 day after birth).Data Collection/Extraction MethodsThe analysis covered all births in the United States in rural counties (by rurality: all, most, moderately rural).Principal FindingsWe found evidence that fewer individuals delivered in their county of residence after a hospital closure, and this was most pronounced for residents of the most rural counties (29%–52% decline (p < 0.01) in the likelihood of delivering in their residence county). We found that hospital closures worsen prenatal, infant, and delivery outcomes for residents of moderately rural counties but improve those outcomes for those in the most rural counties. In moderately rural counties, low birth weight births increased by 10.4% (p < 0.01). We found suggestive evidence of decreased infant deaths in the most rural counties. This pattern of findings is consistent with closures leading residents of the most rural counties to seek care in a different county and residents of moderately rural counties to seek care at a different hospital in the same county.ConclusionsLoss of hospital care has meaningful effects on the rural populations; investigating rural counties in aggregate may miss nuanced differences in the effects on the margin of rurality.
Making clear and effective communication SOuND BETTeR for patients with communication barriers
Authors: Evans Elizabeth , Jones Phillip , Keijzers Gerben 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe consequences of ineffective communication between patients and clinicians in the ED range from frustration to significant adverse events. Unfortunately, scenarios where we are unable to understand what our patient is saying to us are common, due to a multitude of factors including acute illness, disability and patient diversity. Current communication aids can be difficult to access and use in the Emergency setting due to lack of physical resources, specific training and time. Our aim was to develop a communication tool which allowed for the rapid identification of urgent patient needs. In order to overcome current challenges, the tool had to be resource‐light, quick to use and not reliant on additional staff training or patient education for its effective use. The SOuND BETTeR communication tool is a list of yes/no questions, formatted as a mnemonic, which aims to identify the most common and urgent needs of patients in the ED. As the list of potential needs is not exhaustive, the tool does not purport to replace formal communication aids in the medium and long term, but to bridge the gap often left in the ED where urgent needs must be met and more formal communication aids are not yet available. The tool can effectively and quickly identify important needs in patients with expressive communication barriers such as those with aphasia, facial trauma and on non‐invasive ventilation. In addition, the tool can be modified for use in patients with non‐English speaking backgrounds. At this stage the tool has not yet been prospectively validated.
Biocontrol mechanisms of Bacillus: Improving the efficiency of green agriculture
Authors: Zhang Nan , Wang Zhengqi , Shao Jiahui , Xu Zhihui , Liu Yunpeng , Xun Weibing , Miao Youzhi , Shen Qirong , Zhang Ruifu 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSpecies of the genus Bacillus have been widely used for the biocontrol of plant diseases in the demand for sustainable agricultural development. New mechanisms underlying Bacillus biocontrol activity have been revealed with the development of microbiome and microbe‐plant interaction research. In this review, we first briefly introduce the typical Bacillus biocontrol mechanisms, such as the production of antimicrobial compounds, competition for niches/nutrients, and induction of systemic resistance. Then, we discussed in detail the new mechanisms of pathogen quorum sensing interference and reshaping of the soil microbiota. The “cry for help” mechanism was also introduced, in which plants can release specific signals under pathogen attack to recruit biocontrol Bacillus for root colonization against invasion. Finally, two emerging strategies for enhancing the biocontrol efficacy of Bacillus agents, including the construction of synthetic microbial consortia and the application of rhizosphere‐derived prebiotics, were proposed.
The importance of external social support for workplace‐related stress as we grow older
Authors: Caines Valerie , Treuren Gerrit J. M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectivesFor older employees, a mismatch between work and nonwork roles can lead to work–family conflict (WFC) and stress. This paper examines whether the availability of social support from outside the workplace can assist these employees in coping with the stress‐related consequences of WFC.MethodsThis study used data from Waves 16 (Time 1) and 17 (Time 2) of the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey (N = 2867). Sociodemographic characteristics were measured using age, sex and employment tenure. A moderated regression model was applied to the older employees in this sample using stress, WFC with external social support as the moderator. Analysis was additionally undertaken for the different aged employee cohorts, younger than 30 years and middle‐aged (30–50).ResultsWe found that external social support dampened the effect of WFC on employee stress for older employees. This effect was more powerful for older employees than for younger employees. Interestingly, older employees reported the same levels of external social support as employees between 30 and 50, but less than that of employees younger than 30 years.ConclusionsFollowing our hypothesised relationships based on conservation of resources (COR), selection, optimisation with compensation (SOC) and socio‐emotional selectivity theories (SST), this paper demonstrates that older employees benefit significantly from external social support. As external social support increased among older employees, the negative effect of WFC on stress decreased. However, this effect was only significant for employees up to the 68th percentile. Overall, this effect was less powerful for both groups of younger employees. Consistent with SOC and SST, older employees possessed different social motives (less reported external social support). Employer and government strategies assisting employees to develop social networks outside the workplace may provide significant benefits to organisations in addition to employees.
Factors associated with frailty in geriatric patients with and without sarcopenia in Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Tam Ngoc , Nguyen Tu Ngoc , Thillainadesan Janani , Nguyen Anh Trung , Nguyen Huong Thi Thu , Nguyen Thu Thi Hoai , Nguyen Huong Thi Thanh , Nguyen Thanh Xuan , Naganathan Vasi , Vu Huyen Thi Thanh 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the relationship between sarcopenia and frailty and examine factors associated with frailty among older patients with and without sarcopenia.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was conducted on older inpatients and outpatients in Vietnam. Participants aged 60 years or older were consecutively enrolled in the study. Sarcopenia was defined using the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) 2019 criteria. Fried's frailty phenotype was applied to define frailty. Logistic regression models with frailty as the dependent variable were applied.ResultsA total of 835 patients (mean age: 71.3 years, SD 8.4) were recruited. The overall prevalence of frailty was 17%. Among participants with and without frailty, 92% and 47% had sarcopenia, respectively. In unadjusted analysis, sarcopenia was significantly associated with increased frailty (OR 12.3, 95% CI 6.7–22.6) and remained significant after adjustment for sociodemographic factors (OR 6.3, 95% CI: 3.0–12.6) and for both sociodemographic and clinical factors (OR 5.4, 95% CI: 2.4–12.2). Among participants with sarcopenia, older age, inpatient status, having a high risk for falls, malnutrition and a history of hospitalisation in the last year were significantly associated with frailty. Among participants without sarcopenia, the factors associated with frailty were older age, inpatient status, low educational level, high risk of falls and malnutrition.ConclusionsOur study results highlighted that sarcopenia and frailty are two related but distinct geriatric syndromes.
Cascade of atopic dermatitis comorbidities in children after birth for 15 years
Authors: Kim Ju Hee , Lee Eun , Ha Eun Kyo , Shin Jeewon , Lee Gi Chun , Rha Yeong Ho , Han Man Yong 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundIndividuals with atopic dermatitis often develop other conditions.ObjectiveThis study aimed to determine how atopic dermatitis comorbidities develop in children over time.MethodsThis population‐based administrative cohort study used national health insurance data. We traced individuals born in Korea between 2002 and 2003 to 2018. The date of initial atopic dermatitis diagnosis was set as the index date. Fifty‐three childhood comorbidities of atopic dermatitis were identified as outcomes of interest by performing a comprehensive literature search and comparing the prevalence of diagnostic codes in children with and without atopic dermatitis. Four control children per individual in the atopic dermatitis group were randomly matched based on sex and index date. The association between atopic dermatitis and the development of each specified disease was assessed using proportional hazard assumption, followed by mapping of the temporal sequences of interconnected comorbidities.ResultsThe atopic dermatitis and control groups contained 67,632 and 270,528 individuals, respectively. The median age at the index date was 10 months, whereas the median follow‐up period was 15 years. Twenty diseases that were associated with a higher risk of atopic dermatitis were identified and a chain of interconnected conditions created. The progression began in childhood with febrile seizures, constipation, and asthma, and was later associated with the emergence of food allergy, allergic rhinitis, psychiatric disorders, and autoimmune diseases.ConclusionOur study highlights the temporal nature of atopic dermatitis comorbidities in children, and indicates that an understanding of the comorbidities may inform its clinical management and treatment.
Microbiome reveals inflammatory‐related bacteria and putative functional pathways involved in human papillomavirus‐associated penile squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: de Deus Amanda , Gonçalves Gabriele , da Silva Jenilson , de Jesus Luís Cláudio , Azevedo‐Santos Ana Paula S. , Dall Agnol Hivana , Pereira Silma Regina 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundPenile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC) is a rare disease that is more prevalent in developing countries, such as Brazil, and is linked to poor genital hygiene, which promotes the proliferation of microorganisms. Dysbiosis has an effect on the local immune response, increases the risk of viral infection, and can generate inflammatory processes. Current knowledge of the microbiota found in penile tissues is limited, and the bacterial diversity of the PSCC remains unknown. In this investigation, the microbiota associated with penile cancer and its potential role in tumor development and progression were identified.MethodsThe 16S rRNA gene was analyzed by next‐generation sequencing in 19 tumors and their respective non‐tumor adjacent tissues to perform taxonomic classification, analysis of core microbiome, abundance, and diversity of amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) (QIIME2 v.2020.2), and in silico functional prediction (PICRUST2, p < 0.05).ResultsIn both tissues, the phyla Proteobacteria and Firmicutes, and genera Alcaligenes and Fusobaterium, were the most prevalent. Tumors presented a greater relative abundance of Fusobacteriota, Campilobacteria, and Fusobacterium (p = 0.04, p = 0.04, and p = 0.039, respectively). In addition, the beta diversity analysis revealed a tendency for the formation of two distinct groups when only advanced tumors (pT2 and pT3) were considered. Further, the functional analysis identified the top 35 pathways, and 79.5% of PSCC samples contained pro‐inflammatory microorganisms.ConclusionWe describe the first microbiome of penile carcinoma, which revealed an abundant and diverse microbiota as well as inflammatory‐related taxa (the phyla Proteobacteria and Firmicutes, the genera Fusobacterium and Prevotella, and the species Finegoldia magma and Pseudomonas geniculata) and molecular pathways (chitin derivates degradation, the protocatechuic acid pathway, inositol metabolism, and the sucrose pathway), which have also been linked to inflammation and carcinogenesis. Moreover, we found specific and abundant ASVs in both tumor and non‐tumor tissues. Our data encourage further study to better understand the role of these microorganisms in penile carcinogenesis, offering an opportunity for advances in diagnosis, prognosis, and early therapy.
The importance of laparoscopic surgery for young urologists remains unwavering even in the era of robot‐assisted surgery
Authors: Sasaki Yutaro , Takahashi Masayuki , Shiozaki Keito , Hori Katsuhito , Kadoriku Fumiya , Daizumoto Kei , Tomida Ryotaro , Ueno Yoshiteru , Kusuhara Yoshito , Fukawa Tomoya , Yamaguchi Kunihisa , Yamamoto Yasuyo , Tomita Koichi , Sairyo Koichi , Kanayama Hiroomi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRobot‐assisted surgery (RAS) cannot be achieved without the performance of laparoscopic surgical techniques by a patient‐side surgeon (PSS). In many medical institutions in Japan, young urologists often take on the role of a PSS. Participating in RAS as a PSS provides a good opportunity to acquire not only the knowledge necessary for surgery, but also skills in laparoscopic surgical techniques. Learning laparoscopic surgery as a PSS may contribute to improving the quality of RAS. Furthermore, it will lead to skill improvement as an operator in laparoscopic surgery. However, notably, opportunities for young urologists to perform laparoscopic surgery are decreasing in the current era of RAS. Under these circumstances, we believe that cadaver surgical training will become increasingly important in the future. We believe that performance of cadaver surgical training will contribute to increased motivation, enhance the understanding of surgical procedures, and facilitate the acquisition of surgical techniques.
Economic inequality and deepening ideological polarization in South Korea after 2010
Authors: Heo Inhye 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn South Korea, conservatism and progressivism were formed under major political and socioeconomic challenges since the establishment of the country in 1948. Moreover, the intensifying ideological polarization between conservatives and progressives since 2010 is discussed. Considering that these ideological terms were developed while overcoming national challenges, it is highly likely that deepening ideological polarization is related to the new challenge of economic inequality, which became rampant at the time. This article argues that the Korean government's measures to address inequality have affected ideological polarization. Specifically, the development of conservatism and progressivism in the Korean context are discussed and conservative governments' market‐oriented policies and progressive governments' policies to address inequality are examined. Conservatism expanded during this process while progressivism strengthened, which was critical to the deepening of ideological polarization. Finally, the implications of this study are discussed.