bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Socioeconomic and health predictors for food insecurity during the COVID-19 pandemic in Czechia
Authors: Ohno M , Vávra J , Jehlicka P 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
COVID-19 impacted people disproportionately and exacerbated preexisting social and health inequalities. The aim of this study was to understand how socioeconomic and health conditions affected food security in Czechia during the pandemic.

Methods
Data on a representative panel of Czech adults from a longitudinal survey, Life During the Pandemic collected in October 2022 as part of a Czech longitudinal survey were analyzed. Binary logistic regression was performed to evaluate whether food insecurity during the pandemic was associated with socioeconomic factors (sex, age, education, income, number of children) and health factors (BMI and comorbidity). The association between food insecurity and growing own food such as fruits and vegetables was also explored.

Results
Younger people aged 20-34 years, lower education attainment, and people with underlying health condition(s) had a higher likelihood of reporting food insecurity. The lowest income group was associated with a 13 times higher likelihood of reporting food insecurity as compared to the high income group (95% CI 6.55, 27.44). Those who grew own food had a 37% decrease in the odds of reporting food insecurity. The number of children in a household was not a predictor for food insecurity.

Conclusions
Our study suggests that younger people and socially, economically vulnerable groups of people were more likely to experience food insecurity. Policies that support these groups and reduce inequality in education and income are needed to reduce food insecurity. Growing own food may reduce impacts of food insecurity. Encouraging people to grow own food either in their own garden or in allotments may prepare us for unprecedented food insecurity.

Key messages
• Our results highlight food insecurity was associated with younger people, people with underlying health condition(s), low-income and lower education attainment.
• Growing own food may reduce impact of food insecurity.
Food security and Mediterranean diet in five countries: the DELICIOUS project
Authors: Godos J , Guerrera I , Laudani S , Mata A , Pardo M I , Busó P , Grosso G 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Food security is a universal need assuring access to healthy diet in both developing and developed countries. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between factors related to food security and adherence to the Mediterranean diet in 5 Mediterranean countries (Italy, Spain, Portugal, Egypt, and Lebanon) participating to the EU funded project DELICIOUS (UnDErstanding consumer food choices & promotion of healthy and sustainable Mediterranean diet and LIfestyle in Children and adolescents through behavIOUral change actionS). Data were retrieved from a survey involving 2011 parents of children and adolescents aged 6-17 years old. The KIDMED score was used to assess the level of adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Information regarding easiness to retrieve foods characteristic of the Mediterranean diet, working status, economic allowance, and place of living were collected. The association with adherence to the Mediterranean diet were investigated by performing logistic regressions. The analyses revealed that individuals living in rural areas and reporting difficulty to retrieve all food items explored were less likely to have higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Moreover, higher adherence was also associated with household income higher than €3,500. No associations with family status nor working situation were found. There were no evident differences across countries, although there was nearly an inverse trend toward lack of association between economic allowance and higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet in Italy. In conclusion, the progressive abandonment of traditional dietary patterns, such as the Mediterranean diet, may not just depend on a cultural shift toward unhealthier industrial alternatives, but also on family budget and easiness to retrieve food stuff.

Key messages
• Food security may play a role in adherence to the Mediterranean diet.
• The food market may be responsible for changes in cultural culinary habits.
Mapping of surveillance systems for health crisis preparedness and response in Member States
Authors: Cosgrove S 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The Health Emergency Preparedness and Response Authority (HERA) was established by the European Commission in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic to improve EU preparedness and response to cross-border health threats. The HERA IT platform for intelligence gathering and threat assessment is being developed to support HERA's activities through collection of data from relevant sources at European and national level. In this regard the EU-HIP project is collaborating with HERA to map surveillance systems for health crisis preparedness and response in different European countries, focusing on how to ensure interoperability between these systems and HERA's IT platform for intelligence gathering and threat assessment. The methodology to be used will be based on best practice from previous assessments, incorporating assessment indicators relevant to health emergency preparedness and data flows. During the presentation, initial results from the first countries analyzed will be presented, covering the identified digital infrastructures and systems, stakeholder networks and pertinent legislative aspects for threat assessment and response.
Training for the qualification of care management for high-risk pregnant women in Amazon, Brazil
Authors: Shimocomaqui G , Sampaio J O , Silva AAB , Ribeiro SSC , Oliveira MMB , Moreira NRA , Morais TLM , Farias LNG , Souza I S ,   I Eshriqui
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Maternal care is a worldwide concern, especially at vulnerable settings, as Amazonas, Brazil, where insufficiency of training institutions and professionals and environmental issues are challenges for vulnerable pregnant women care, including indigenous and riverside population. PlanificaSUS project, which is developed nationwide aiming to support and integrate of Specialized Outpatient Care (SOC) and Primary Health Care (PHC).

Objectives
Between September 2022 and January 2023, the PlanificaSUS developed a training in 2 Amazonas’ municipalities to qualify work practices at PHC and SOC aiming integrality and equitable care for pregnant women. Target audience was health professionals and managers. The following care management tools were used as didactic materials: i. Clinical Guideline for Pregnancy, Childbirth and Puerperium; ii. Risk Stratification Form; iii. Care Sharing Form; and iv. Care Plan. The training last 4 hours, with 3 levels of cognitive process as learning objectives. Activity 1 (understanding): consisted of handling the presented tools and reflections based on the local reality. Activity 2 (application): participants groups simulated the use of tools in clinical cases. Activity 3 (analysis): planning actions to implement tools in local work process after training.

Results
48 professionals and managers participated in the training. It was verified that participants did not know the care management tools. Preliminary 2-month results indicate that the tools were incorporated into work process of 5 PHC units. Among 167 pregnant women previously registered, 72% had been stratified using the clinical guideline and the risk stratification form. Of those, 17% were at high risk, among which 38% had the care plan and the form to share care with SOC prepared by PHC team.

Conclusions
The training supports care management based on population needs, allowing care qualification and greater systemic rationality, despite vulnerability and low resources.

Key messages
• The training enabled health professionals and managers to understand the real health needs of the population and to qualify their care practices for vulnerable pregnant women in Amazon, Brazil.
• The training contributed to qualify the access and care of high-risk pregnant women and those in vulnerable situations to the specialized outpatient care integrated with the PHC in Amazon, Brazil.
Overall effectiveness of PRALIMAP-INES in reducing adolescents’ nutritional and weight inequalities
Authors: Dosda A , Manneville F , Omorou A 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
The PRALIMAP-INES trial was effective in reducing weight social inequalities among adolescents with overweight or obesity. Nevertheless, the question of its overall effectiveness on weight status and nutritional behaviours (NB) remains unclear. This study aims to evaluate the overall effect of the PRALIMAP-INES trial on weight status and NB among adolescents with overweight or obesity .

Methods
Generalized Pairwise Comparison was used to evaluate the overall benefit by prioritising outcomes comparing two groups of intervention: Advantaged with standard intervention (AS) and Less Advantaged with standard intervention and strengthened care (LASS). We used the following order: corpulence, vigorous physical activity (PA), fruits and vegetables consumption (FV), sedentary time (ST), sweetened products and beverages consumption (SPB), moderate PA and walking time (WT). This approach provided for each outcome the net benefit in favour of LASS (δ) and the overall net benefit (Δ) as their sum. Net benefit was define as the probability for an adolescent of LASS group to have favourable outcome as compared to AS group.

Results
We included 1223 (AS: n = 808; LASS: n = 415) adolescents (mean aged= 15.37 ± 0.72 years; 45.05% girls). The overall net benefit was estimated at 11.13% [4.15 - 18.06%; p &lt; 0.001] meaning that an adolescent form LASS group had 11.13% higher probability to have favourable change in all weight and NB outcomes than an adolescent from AS group. For each outcome this net benefit was estimated as follow: corpulence (δ = 4.22%), vigorous PA (δ = 4.14%), FV (δ = 3.09%), ST (δ = 0.42%), SPB (δ=-0.71%), moderate PA (δ= -0.02%) and WT (δ= -0.03%).

Conclusions
Beyond corpulence, changes in NB in the PRALIMAP-INES trial show an overall favourable effect for adolescents in the LASS group. The overall net benefit in favour of LASS, confirm a short-term effectiveness of the trial to reduce weight social inequalities and suggests a long-term could be expected.

Key messages
• In the PRALIMAP-INES trial, adolescents who did not change their corpulence may have initiated changes in lifestyle behaviours.
• A benefit of the PRALIMAP-INES trial could be expected in the long-term.
Characterising diabetes in Kazakhstan: a cluster analysis
Authors: Taurbekova B , Sarsenov R , Fazli S , Salimzhanov A , Mun V , Atageldiyeva K , Zhumambayeva S , Sarria-Santamera A 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Diabetes is a global pandemic, affecting 537 million adults worldwide in 2021. Diabetes is much more complex than the classification into type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes suggests. We aimed to identify homogeneous groups of patients with diabetes based on routinely collected measurements using unsupervised, data-driven cluster analysis.

Methods
We analyzed the data from Electronic Medical Records of 558 patients with newly diagnosed diabetes from 4 outpatient clinics in Astana. We performed a k-means cluster analysis of 9 routinely measured variables using the KMeans function (iterations=3 million) from the Scikit-Learn Python library.

Results
Cluster 1, consisting of 176 (31,5%) patients, was defined by late-onset diabetes, relatively low blood pressure (BP) and body mass index (BMI), moderate metabolic derangements, and comparably low glomerular filtration rate (GFR). The 83 (14,9%) patients in cluster 2 were characterized by a late manifestation of diabetes, high BP and BMI, relatively poor glycemic control, moderate dyslipidemia, and comparably low GFR. Cluster 3, including 98 (17,6%) patients, was represented by a low age at onset, comparably low BP and BMI, moderately poor glycemic and lipid controls, and high GFR. The 110 (19,7%) patients in cluster 4 had late-onset diabetes, high BP and BMI, subcompensated diabetes, poor lipid control, and relatively low GFR. Cluster 5, which involved 91 (16,3%) patients, was characterized by comparably low BP and BMI, poor glycemic control, modest dyslipidemia, and high GFR.

Conclusions
We intend to continue the project for further conducting a prospective study with dynamic monitoring of study participants, tracking specific patterns in the development of diabetic complications in each cluster. The results of this work will contribute to the development of a model for identifying patients with an initially predictable course of diabetes and a high risk of its complications at the time of diagnosis.

Key messages
• We identified five clusters of patients with diabetes with clinically significant characteristics in each cluster.
• Identification of subgroups of patients with an initially predictable course can be useful for recognizing those at highest risk of complications and applying personalized treatment strategies.
Incidence and persistence of post-COVID-19 condition in adults– a matched cohort study in Germany
Authors: Tesch F , Wende D , Loser F , Vivirito A , Menzer S , Batram M , Buschmann T , Sarganas G , Scheidt-Nave C , Schmitt J 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Introduction
It is still unknown what proportion of persons suffer from long-term consequences of COVID-19. In October 2021, the World Health Organization (WHO) proposed a definition of post COVID-19 condition (PCC) as symptoms that last at least 3 month after onset of SARS-CoV-2 infection and frequently include fatigue, respiratory symptoms and cognitive dysfunction.

Methods
The WHO definition of PCC was translated into ICD-10-GM Codes and investigated in a cohort of patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 during 2020 and matched to controls in German routine healthcare data. Incidence rates were calculated and incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were estimated for developing any of the predefined diagnoses conditional on a preceding diagnosis of COVID-19. Within the COVID-19 cohort the persistence of PCC was followed up to one year after infection.

Results
A cohort of COVID-19 patients in the year 2020 was followed up to 2021-09-30 in routine healthcare data. The incidence in the COVID-19 group compared to matched controls for any investigated symptoms and conditions after three months was accessed. Main contributions were dyspnea (R06.0) and malaise/fatigue (R53). The highest IRR was observed for chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS; G93.3) the lowest for cognitive impairment (F06.7, U51). After one year a minority of the patients still had at least one specific diagnosis. The longest persistence of the symptoms was observed for CFS, cognitive impairment (F06.7, U51) and memory loss/disorientation (R41).

Conclusions
The more specific and serious diagnoses had a higher likelihood to occur in the COVID group compared to the matched control group and also these diagnoses persisted longer in the COVID group compared to less serious diagnoses. Due to the high number of infected people during the first two waves of the pandemic this result translates into considerable burden for the medical system.

Key messages
• In routine healthcare data of adults more serious ICD-10 diagnoses had a higher likelihood to occur in the COVID-19 cohort compared to the matched control cohort.
• Within the COVID-19 cohort more serious ICD-10 diagnoses persisted longer than less serious diagnoses.
Increasing incidence of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in England, 1985–2019
Authors: Bawa M , Salari Y , Taylor-Gallardo E , Memon A 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
In the UK, non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is the most common hematological malignancy and 6th most common cancer overall - accounting for about 14,200 new cases and 4,900 deaths each year. After rising rapidly from the 1980s onwards, the incidence rates of NHL have broadly stabilised in several European and North American countries since the late 1990s. We conducted a retrospective population-based cohort study to examine whether similar changes in the incidence of NHL have also occurred in England from 1985-2019.

Methods
Individual-level data for patients diagnosed with NHL, and the corresponding national population (denominator) data were obtained from ONS/PHE. Average annual incidence rates (AAIR) were calculated by sex, three age categories (0-34, 35-64 and 65+ years) and seven five-year time periods (1985-89 to 2015-19).

Results
During the 35-year study period, a total of 304,994 new cases of NHL were registered in England (54% males, 46% females). In young people aged 0-34 years, the AAIRs increased by 33% in males and 60% in females (from 1.8/100,000 in 1985-89 to 2.4/100,000 in 2015-19 in males, and from 1.0/100,000 in 1985-89 to 1.6/100,000 in 2015-19 in females). In middle age (35-64 years), the AAIRs increased by 54% in males and 57% in females (from 13.3 to 20.5 in males, and from 9.6 to 15.1 in females). At older ages (65+ years), the AAIRs increased by 108% in males and 102% in females (from 47.6 to 99.1 in males, and from 34.1 to 68.7 in females). In both sexes and all age categories, the disease was most frequently diagnosed at the advanced Stage 4. With regards to the socioeconomic status, the disease was relatively more commonly diagnosed in the most deprived groups.

Conclusions
In contrast with many European and North American countries, there has been a steady and substantial increase in the incidence of NHL in England over the past four decades. Overall, the highest increase was observed in males (115%) and those aged 65+ years (109%).

Key messages
• The reasons behind this continued increase in incidence in England, which is in contrast with most European/North American populations, remain elusive and need further etiological investigation.
• Considering that the large majority of cases were diagnosed at the advanced Stage 4, there is an urgent need for clinical guidance to facilitate early diagnosis of NHL.
Cancer risk factors and access to cancer screening for people experiencing homelessness
Authors: Jeleff M , Haider S , Schiffler T , Gil-Salmerón A , Yang L , Barreto Schuch F , Grabovac I 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
People experiencing homelessness (PEH) are significantly more likely to develop and die from cancer than the housed population. Major factors influencing outcome are timely detection and treatment, which especially populations with complex needs lack access to. This scoping review outlines cancer risk factors among PEH and their facilitators and barriers to access cancer prevention.

Methods
Databases were searched in Embase, Global Index Medicus, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science in February 2023. OpenGrey and Google were searched for grey literature. Peer-reviewed and grey literature on cancer risk factors among PEH and factors facilitating or hampering access to cancer prevention services were eligible and synthesized narratively.

Results
We included 40 articles published between 1998 and 2023. Most eligible studies were conducted in the US (n = 34; 85%), indicating a paucity of data from other regions. More than one-third of the studies were published between 2018 and 2023, suggesting a recent increase in research interest. Access to cancer screening was associated with factors on the individual level (e.g., psychological and physical factors), interpersonal level (e.g., practical support), system level (e.g., continuous care), policy level (e.g., interventions to facilitate access). Most eligible studies reported high tobacco use among PEH. Overall, cancer risk factors among PEH have been less studied and require further research.

Conclusions
Mapping the evidence on cancer risk factors as well as barriers to accessing preventive services in this underserved population is a necessary step to create evidence-based public health recommendations: (a) Due to higher cancer risk factors among PEH, preventive strategies tailored to this population are necessary; (b) innovative strategies such as patient navigation may be viable to increase participation in screening programs; (c) investment in research within the European context is necessary.

Key messages
• Findings suggest that a system-wide approach is needed to address the increased risks and facilitate timely uptake of cancer screening to ensure sustainable use of cancer prevention services in PEH.
• Evidence suggests policymakers need to be aware of inequity in access to cancer preventive services among PEH.
Impact of covid-19 on obesity and abdominal obesity: focusing on differences by age group
Authors: Lee G H , Lee J A 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Backgrounds
During the COVID-19 pandemic, the implementation of social-distancing policies has led to escalating the prevalence of obesity. Especially, social changes caused by COVID-19 would have had different effects depending on age. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the prevalence of obesity that has increased during the pandemic according to age group.

Methods
The study subjects were Korean adults aged 19 to 64 years who participated in the 2019 to 2020 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHNES). The definition of obesity, morbid obesity, and abdominal obesity were defined using Asian-Pacific guidelines. The age group was divided into under 40 years old and over 40 years old. We analyzed the odds ratio (ORs) (95% confidence intervals (CIs)) to compare the variants between before (2019) and after (2020) COVID-19.

Results
The prevalence of obesity, morbid obesity, and abdominal obesity increased in 2020 compared to 2019 among the Korean population. In multivariable analysis, the rate of obesity and abdominal obesity increased in both groups whom under 40 years old and over 40 by OR of 1.23 (95% CI, 1.09-1.40) and 1.23 (95% CI 1.07-1.40). However, the rate of morbid obesity only increased in adults younger than 40 years old by an OR of 1.45 (95% CI, 1.05-2.01). The achievement rate of aerobic physical activity decreased in 2020 for both age groups(&lt;40: from 55.8% to 52.7%, ≥40: from 42.7% to 41.3%). Notably, men showed a decrease in the achievement rate of aerobic physical activity in 2020 (OR 0.82, 95% CI, 0.69-0.97) compared to 2019.

Conclusions
Our study shows the increase in the prevalence of obesity during the COVID-19 pandemic and morbid obesity among those under the age of 40. We found a decrease in aerobic physical activity in 2020 compared to that in 2019. In Korean men, further evaluation might be necessary to determine the associated factors affecting the increased prevalence of obesity during the COVID-19 pandemic period.

Key messages
• The prevalence of obesity increased during the COVID-19 pandemic in Korea, with a rise in the incidence of morbid obesity among those under the age of 40.
• The achievement rate of aerobic physical activity decreased in 2020 compared to that in 2019.