bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of diarrhoea in 10 008 users of lansoprazole in daily practice: which co‐factors contribute?
Authors: Claessens Angela A. M. C. , Heerdink Eibert R. , van Eijk Jacques Th. M. , Lamers Cornelis B. H. W. , Leufkens Hubert G. M. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractPurposeDiarrhoea is one of the most frequently reported adverse events during proton pump inhibitor use in any setting. Because of the limited available information, this study was set up with the aim of assessing the incidence and characteristics of diarrhoea and to investigate possible associated co‐factors in proton pump inhibitor users in daily practice.MethodsData were used from a prospective, observational study in which 10 008 lansprazole users were followed over time (1994–1998). The study was designed according to the SAMM guidelines. A nested case–control design was used to compare proton pump inhibitor users reporting diarrhoea with those reporting no diarrhoea.ResultsThe frequency of diarrhoea was 3.7% and the incidence density 10.7 per 1000 patient months of proton pump inhibitor use. The diarrhoea was most commonly loose and occurred on average 4.4 times per day. The analysis of co‐factors revealed that patients with concomitant use of oral antibiotics and patients reporting neurological and/or dermatological adverse events, were at risk of developing diarrhoea during proton pomp inhibitor use.ConclusionsIn conclusion, diarrhoea was as frequently reported in our study as in clinical trials and observational data of lansoprazole users. We found the concomitant use of oral antibiotics and the reporting of certain other adverse events to be associated with the reporting of diarrhoea during lansoprazole use. Although a relationship with the proton pump inhibitor intake seemed very plausible, we recommend that use of concomitant medicines as a cause of diarrhoea must be taken into consideration in lansoprazole users. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High rates of adverse effects and patient unawareness of withdrawn lipid‐lowering drug combination in a public hospital clinic
Authors: Schiff Gordon D. , Keehr Leah M. , Sai Theophilus T. , Bult Judilynn 
Published: December 2002

AbstractPurposeExamine use, patient awareness and outcomes of concurrent cerivastatin and gemfibrozil in a public hospital clinic system 2 weeks following cerivastatin withdrawal.MethodsElectronic pharmacy records for cerivastatin prescriptions for 1 year preceding withdrawal were downloaded and linked to gemfibrozil prescriptions. Patients with concurrent prescriptions were surveyed for current use, awareness of withdrawal/warnings, adverse effects and creatine phosphokinase (CK) results.ResultsFrom August 2000 to August 2001, 29 377 prescriptions for cerivastatin were dispensed for 10 780 unique patients; 211 (2%) also received gemfibrozil. Prescription time frames for the two drugs overlapped for 67 patients. Interview of 47 patients revealed 35 actually taking both. 18/35 (51.4%) were still taking both drugs 2 weeks after market‐withdrawal of cerivastatin. Only 7/46 (21.2%) had ‘heard the news’ about withdrawal. 19/46 (41.3%) described muscle‐related symptoms; nine reported severe symptoms. Only 13 (28.3%) had CK monitoring. 5/8 symptomatic patients monitored had CK values >200 U/L. (>1000 U/L in two cases.)ConclusionsDespite escalating labeled warnings, nearly 2% of patients prescribed cerivastatin received gemfibrozil prescriptions, 1/3 concurrently. Most were still taking this combination 2 weeks after cerivastatin withdrawal and unaware of publicized warnings. Nearly half experienced muscle‐related symptoms. More reliable methods for preventing prescription/dispensing of interacting medications and alerting patients about drug recalls are warranted. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Patterns and perceptions of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) among leukaemia patients visiting haematology clinic of a north Indian tertiary care hospital
Authors: Gupta M. , Shafiq N. , Kumari S. , Pandhi P. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractPurposeThe use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in cancer treatments is widespread with substantial number of patients deserting conventional cancer therapies in favour of unproven methods. The present study aimed at discovering the prevalence of use of CAM cancer therapies in leukaemia patients visiting haematology clinic of a north Indian tertiary care hospital.Methods533 consecutive leukaemia patients were interviewed. Information was gathered about patients' demographics, types of CAM taken, sequence of seeking CAM and conventional medicine, sources of recommendation, reasons of opting for CAM, and areas of satisfaction and dissatisfaction associated with the use of CAM. Patients were also asked if they had informed their doctor about CAM use.ResultsPrevalence of CAM use in leukaemia patients was found to be 56.6%. Ayurveda was the most commonly used CAM (33%). Most of the patients sought conventional medicine first, followed by CAM therapies. Fifty‐two percent of the patients opted for CAM hoping for a miracle cure and 51% were dissatisfied with these therapies. Family members and neighbours constituted major source of recommendation of CAM therapy. Only 3.8% of the patients had informed their doctors about CAM use.ConclusionA sizeable percentage of patients receiving conventional treatment for leukaemia also use CAM therapies. Clinicians should not underestimate the value of hopeful attitude in their management of leukaemia patients and ought to be conversant with popular forms of CAM cancer therapies. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Permeation of a solvent mixture through an elastomeric membrane—The case of pervaporation
Authors: Barrière Benoît , Leibler Ludwik 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThis article presents a model for the permeation of solvent mixtures through an elastomer in the particular case of pervaporation. An analytical expression for each solvent permeation rate is derived, in the limited case of a membrane that undergoes small swelling, without making any assumptions on the solvent diffusion coefficients and their dependence on solvent concentrations. Applying this analytical expression to different situations, we fitted most of the curves previously published on pervaporation experiments. In particular, we correlated the synergy developed by a mixture of two solvents in the permeation process with the sign of their Flory–Huggins interaction parameter χAB. This explains why, in most cases (χAB > 0), a molecule permeating easily through a membrane is mixed with a molecule permeating much less easily; the latter can see its permeation flux increase by a factor 10 or 100 because the swelling of the polymer induced by the more permeable molecule “opens the meshes of the network” allowing the less permeable molecule to pass through more easily. Within our analysis, the efficiency of the pervaporation process, expressed through the separation factor, is derived very simply as a function of the interaction coefficients and the viscosities of solvents and exhibits an exponential dependence on the volume fraction of either component as seen in most experiments. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 41: 183–193, 2003
Effect of crystallization and liquid–liquid phase separation on phase‐separation kinetics in poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl alcohol)/glycerol solution
Authors: Shang Mengxian , Matsuyama Hideto , Maki Taisuke , Teramoto Masaaki , Lioyd Douglas R. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractLiquid–liquid thermally induced phase separation of the polymer‐diluent system of poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl alcohol) (EVOH)‐glycerol was examined under light scattering. For EVOH with an ethylene content of 38 mol % (EVOH38), maxima of the scattered light intensity were observed that indicated that phase separation occurred by the spinodal decomposition (SD). The growth of the structures formed by the general liquid–liquid phase separation obeyed a power‐law scaling relationship in SD. For EVOH with an ethylene content of 32 mol % (EVOH32), the liquid–liquid phase separation resulted from the polymer crystallization. In this case, the structure growth showed the characteristic behavior in which the crystalline particles were initially formed, and then the droplets formed by the liquid–liquid phase separation induced by the crystallization grew rapidly. Furthermore, the growth of the droplet by the phase separation was followed by an optical microscope measurement at a constant cooling rate. The phase‐separated structure formed after the crystallization can grow faster than that formed by the normal liquid–liquid phase separation. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 41: 194–201, 2003
Atomic force microscopy studies on the dewetting of perfluorinated ionomer thin films
Authors: Hill T. A. , Carroll D. L. , Czerw R. , Martin C. W. , Perahia D. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThe surface structure and dewetting process of thin films of complex perfluorinated ion‐containing polymers have been studied with atomic force microscopy. These polymers, or ionomers, consist of hydrophilic, hydrophobic, and ionic groups, which are noncompatible with one another, and this results in the association of the polymers into supramolecular structures. These types of polymers have a broad range of technological uses, ranging from thin selective coatings to fuel cells in the form of polymer electrolyte membranes. As the technology calls for thinner films, the interfacial structure and dynamics (wetting/dewetting) of the films become critical in controlling the overall behavior of the polymers. The ionomer under consideration forms structured films consisting of bundles of micelles. These ultrathin films do not dewet above the glass‐transition temperatures of the polymers, contrary to what has been observed in thin diblock copolymers. Perturbing the system with a high‐ionic‐strength solution, however, results in a breakup of the primary aggregate and enhances the adhesion of the films and their stability. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 41: 149–158, 2003
Depression in Men Receiving Androgen Deprivation Therapy for Prostate Cancer: A Pilot Study
Authors: Pirl William F. , Siegel Gabrielle I. , Goode Melissa J. , Smith Matthew R. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractPurpose: Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy in men and one of the leading causes of cancer death in men internationally. Treatment for prostate cancer frequently includes androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Reports of depressive symptoms arising during ADT are emerging. This study examines the prevalence rates and risk factors associated with major depression in this population. Method: 45 men with prostate cancer receiving ADT at the MGH Cancer Center were surveyed for depression with the SCID for Axis I disorders for DSM‐IV and the Beck Depression Inventory. Results: Major depressive disorder was prevalent in 12.8% of the men with prostate cancer receiving ADT, eight times the national rate of depression in men, 32 times the rate in men over 65 years old. Major depression was not associated with worsening disease, medical response to ADT, receiving chemotherapy, or the type of ADT. Past history of depression was associated with current depression in this population (p<0.000). No first onset cases of depression occurred on ADT in this sample. Conclusion: This data suggests a significant rate of major depression in men with prostate cancer receiving ADT and that men with past histories of depression may be at particular risk for recurrence of their depression while undergoing this treatment. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Which cancer patient completes a psychosocial intervention program?
Authors: Gilbar Ora , Neuman Ran 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThe present study explored the similarities and differences in patterns of psychological distress, coping strategies and social support of 41 cancer patients who dropped out of a psychosocial therapy program and 20 patients who completed the program as agreed. The findings indicated that only depression, out of nine brief symptom inventory subscales, predicted which patients would complete the program, i.e. patients with a high level of depression tended to complete the psychosocial intervention program. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Breast cancer survivors give voice: a qualitative analysis of spiritual factors in long‐term adjustment
Authors: Lynn Gall Terry , Cornblat Mark W. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractAs part of a cross‐sectional, quantitative study on adjustment factors in long‐term breast cancer survival, 52 women were asked to write in their own words how religious and spiritual factors played a part in their understanding of and coping with this illness. A subsample of 39 women responded to this question. The qualitative method of content analysis was used to define meaning units, descriptive categories and themes from the data. Interpretation of themes in the data focused on the role or function of spiritual/religious factors in long‐term adjustment to breast cancer. The majority of women discussed the positive role of various spiritual resources in their response to the experience of cancer, including relationship with God, religious coping activities (e.g. prayer), meaning and social support. A cognitive model of adjustment was proposed which shows how spiritual resources can help breast cancer survivors make meaning of and experience a sense of life affirmation and personal growth in relation to the cancer. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cancer survivorship and psychological distress in later life
Authors: Deimling Gary T. , Kahana Boaz , Bowman Karen F. , Schaefer Michael L. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractRecent research in psychosocial oncology has pointed to the traumatic nature of the stress experienced by cancer survivors. Most of this research has focused on children, young adults survivors and their families. This investigation proposes a conceptual model for understanding general psychological distress (anxiety, hostility and depression) and symptoms of posttraumatic stress (hyper‐arousal, avoidance and intrusiveness) that may be associated with cancer survivorship among older adults. Findings from a survey of 180 older adult, long‐term cancer survivors are used to illustrate the key features of this model. Results of multivariate analysis show that most older adult long‐term cancer survivors do not demonstrate clinical levels of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), although over 25% evidence clinical levels of depression. However, many survivors display important symptoms of psychological distress that are related to the continuing effects of cancer and its treatment. Current cancer‐related symptoms are the strongest predictors of depression (beta=0.27, p=0.046) and the PTSD sub‐dimension of hyper‐arousal (beta=0.377, p=0.004). These effects persist even when the effects of other stressors and non‐cancer illness symptoms are statistically controlled. Additionally, it appears in this sample that symptoms of PTSD are significantly correlated with traditional measures of psychological distress. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Coping and distress among women under treatment for early stage breast cancer: comparing african americans, hispanics and non‐hispanic whites
Authors: Culver Jenifer L. , Arena Patricia L. , Antoni Michael H. , Carver Charles S. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThis study examined coping and distress in African American (n=8), Hispanic (n=53), and non‐Hispanic White (n=70) women with early stage breast cancer. The participants were studied prospectively across a year beginning at the time of surgery. African American women reported the lowest levels of distress (particularly before surgery) and depression symptoms. Hispanic women reported the highest levels of self‐distraction as a coping response, non‐Hispanic Whites reported the highest use of humor. Hispanics reported the highest levels of venting, African Americans reported the lowest levels. African American and Hispanic women reported more religious coping than non‐Hispanic Whites. The data also provided evidence of a maladaptive spiral of distress and avoidant coping over time. Although some ethnic differences were identified, findings also point to a great many similarities across groups. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Treatment regimen, sexual attractiveness concerns and psychological adjustment among African American breast cancer patients
Authors: Taylor Kathryn L. , Lamdan Ruth M. , Siegel Jamie E. , Shelby Rebecca , Hrywna Mary , Moran‐Klimi Karen 
Published: December 2002

AbstractBackground:Among a sample of African American women recently diagnosed with breast cancer, we assessed the consequences of different treatment regimens on sexual attractiveness concerns, and the impact of sexual attractiveness concerns on current and subsequent psychological adjustment.Patients and Methods: The sample included 91 African American women with breast cancer; 90% had Stage I or II disease, 48% had chemotherapy, 47% had a lumpectomy, and 53% received a mastectomy. Feelings of sexual attractiveness and psychological adjustment were assessed an average of 3 months following surgery and again 4 months post‐baseline.Results: Regression analyses revealed that chemotherapy was associated with greater concerns about sexual attractiveness among lumpectomy patients (p<0.05), but not among mastectomy patients (p>0.20). The interaction also suggested that chemotherapy equalized the impact of types of surgery, as there was no difference on sexual attractiveness between surgery groups among women who had received chemotherapy (p>0.20). However, among women who had not received chemotherapy, mastectomy patients reported greater sexual attractiveness concerns (p<0.01). Finally, regression analyses revealed that feelings of sexual attractiveness were an important component of psychological well‐being, both cross‐sectionally (p<0.001) and longitudinally (p<0.001).Conclusion: Assessment of the combined impact of different treatment regimens on feelings of sexual attractiveness is particularly important given the current consensus that all breast cancer patients should receive chemotherapy, regardless of nodal status. Further, concerns about sexual attractiveness should be considered for inclusion as one component of psychosocial support programs for African American women with breast cancer, as our results suggested that they played a significant role in psychological adjustment. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Variation of pesticide sorption isotherm in soil at the catchment scale
Authors: Coquet Yves 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThe variation of the sorption isotherm of pesticides has seldom been explored at the catchment scale. Such a study was conducted at the scale of a 187‐ha agricultural catchment for three herbicides: atrazine, isoproturon and metamitron. Partition coefficient (Kd) values were measured in batch experiments on 51 topsoil samples, and showed moderate variability at the catchment scale (coefficient of variation CV ∼ 30%). Values of Kd ranged from 0.47 to 1.70 litre kg−1 for atrazine, 0.47 to 1.81 for isoproturon, and 0.55 to 2.21 for metamitron. A clustering method was used to reduce the number of samples on which to measure sorption isotherms to 14. Sorption isotherms agreed with the Freundlich rather than the linear model. Kf parameters had CV values similar to those for Kd, with values ranging from 0.78 to 2.13 mg litre kg−1 for atrazine, 0.61 to 1.82 for isoproturon, and 0.69 and 2.58 for metamitron. Nf exponents showed little variation (CV < 5%). Nf values were between 0.86 and 0.98 for atrazine, 0.85 and 0.90 for isoproturon, and 0.82 and 0.87 for metamitron. More than 97% of the Kf catchment‐scale variations could be explained by the variations of the soil organic carbon content.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Synthesis and insecticidal activity of benzoheterocyclic analogues of N′‐benzoyl‐N‐(tert‐butyl)benzohydrazide: Part 1. Design of benzoheterocyclic analogues
Authors: Sawada Yoshihiro , Yanai Toshiaki , Nakagawa Harumi , Tsukamoto Yoshihisa , Yokoi Shinji , Yanagi Mikio , Toya Tetsuya , Sugizaki Hiroyasu , Kato Yasuhito , Shirakura Hidetoshi , Watanabe Tetsuo , Yajima Yoshimi , Kodama Seiichirou , Masui Akio 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThe N′‐benzoyl group of N‐tert‐butyl‐N′‐benzoyl‐3,5‐dimethylbenzohydrazide (1) was converted to a series of benzoheterocyclecarbonyl groups in order to investigate the potential usefulness of superimposing a hydrazine insecticide on 20‐hydroxyecdysone. A series of analogues with benzodioxole, benzodioxane, benzodioxapine, indole, benzoxazole, benzoxazine or benzothiazole instead of the phenyl group of (1) were synthesized and tested for their insecticidal activity against the common cutworm (Spodoptera litura F). N‐tert‐Butyl‐N′‐(3,5‐dimethylbenzoyl)‐1,3‐benzodioxole‐5‐carbohydrazide and N‐tert‐butyl‐N′‐(3,5‐dimethylbenzoyl)‐2,3‐dihydro‐1,4‐benzodioxine‐6‐carbohydrazide showed high insecticidal activities, superior to that of (1) and equal to that of the commercial insecticide tebufenozide (RH‐5992).© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Synthesis and insecticidal activity of benzoheterocyclic analogues of N′‐benzoyl‐N‐(tert‐butyl)benzohydrazide: Part 3. Modification of N‐tert‐butylhydrazine moiety
Authors: Sawada Yoshihiro , Yanai Toshiaki , Nakagawa Harumi , Tsukamoto Yoshihisa , Tamagawa Yasushi , Yokoi Shinji , Yanagi Mikio , Toya Tetsuya , Sugizaki Hiroyasu , Kato Yasuhito , Shirakura Hidetoshi , Watanabe Tetsuo , Yajima Yoshimi , Kodama Seiichirou , Masui Akio 
Published: December 2002

AbstractNineteen analogues were synthesized by modifying the tert‐butylhydrazine moieties of N′‐tert‐butyl‐N′‐(3,5‐dimethylbenzoyl)‐5‐methyl‐2,3‐dihydro‐1,4‐benzodioxine‐6‐carbohydrazide and N′‐tert‐butyl‐N′‐(3,5‐dimethylbenzoyl)‐5‐methylchromane‐6‐carbohydrazide (chromafenozide), and the synthesized analogues were evaluated for their insecticidal activity against Spodoptera litura F. While all of the synthesized analogues had insecticidal activity inferior to those of the lead compounds, several of the analogues nonetheless showed high insecticidal activity. Chromafenozide has shown very high selectivity toward lepidopteran species.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Movement of pendimethalin, ioxynil and soil particles to field drainage tiles
Authors: Petersen Carsten T , Holm Jesper , Koch Christian B , Jensen Henry E , Hansen Søren 
Published: December 2002

AbstractKnowledge of the movement of herbicides and soil particles to sub‐surface tile drainage may help to predict chemical leaching to surface waters and deeper groundwater systems. The movement of pendimethalin (2 years), ioxynil (1 year) and soil particles (3 years) to two tile drains was investigated on a sandy loam soil under natural weather conditions. Herbicide and particle concentrations in the drain water showed a very dynamic pattern. The largest herbicide concentrations were detected during the first tile drain flow events after application. Very little herbicide was lost with drain water later than 2 months after application. The turbidity, reflecting concentrations of soil particles, correlated positively and strongly with the pendimethalin concentration and negatively with the rate of drain water discharge, whereas it was uncorrelated with the ioxynil concentration. Peak turbidity values occurred during or shortly after rainfall events, either in break of frost situations, or on unfrozen soil coinciding with the occurrence of peak moisture contents in the topsoil well (3–7%) above field capacity. On average, 0.0013% of the applied pendimethalin and 0.0015% of the applied ioxynil were lost with drain water. The results suggest that preferential flow promotes the movement of all three substances to the tile drains but indicate somewhat different transport mechanisms for the two herbicides.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry