bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preordering Periodic Acid–Schiff Staining: A Quality Improvement Study
Authors: Wolner Zachary J. , Mustin Danielle E. , Stoff Benjamin K. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract:
Periodic acid–Schiff (PAS) stain is a commonly used ancillary test for inflammatory and infectious dermatoses, yet infrequently changes the diagnosis. Previous studies have shown that clinical suspicion and histopathologic features are poor predictors of PAS positivity. Current appropriate use criteria from the American Society of Dermatopathology supports PAS staining when histopathologic features could be consistent with a dermatophyte infection. At the authors' institution, PAS stains are preordered on biopsies of inflammatory and infectious diagnoses to aid in a timelier sign out. Our aim was to reduce the percentage of PAS stains preordered on all dermatology specimens over a 6-month period without reducing the percentage of fungal infections identified. Review of a 12-month preintervention period found that our laboratory received 6104 biopsies for which PAS stain was preordered on 616 (10.1%). Based on a review of the preintervention period, preordering PAS on cases with clinical suspicion for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma was stopped unless there was clinical suspicion for eczematous dermatitis, vesiculobullous disorders, or fungal infection. The proposed intervention resulted in a 3.7% reduction in the number of PAS stains ordered while PAS-positivity rate remained unchanged. The described quality improvement process may be used as a model for other laboratories.
Malignant Melanoacanthoma
Authors: Ticknor Iesha L. , Cassarino David S. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Melanoacanthomas are benign variations of seborrheic keratosis that have been known to mimic other common benign and malignant skin lesions. Therefore, the diagnosis typically requires biopsy and careful histologic examination. Here, we present the case of a 25-year-old woman initially diagnosed clinically with an epidermal inclusion cyst, but, on biopsy and further evaluation, was found to have histological features of an atypical or malignant melanoacanthoma. Contrary to typical cases of melanoacanthoma, histologic evaluation revealed atypical findings consistent with malignancy, such as tumor necrosis, marked cytologic atypia and pleomorphism, and numerous mitoses, including atypical forms, features consistent with malignancy (ie, similar to a squamous cell carcinoma in these areas). This report highlights the importance of histological evaluation in diagnosis and treatment of skin lesions because atypical presentations often occur and can delay correct diagnosis and appropriate treatment.
Type 2 Leprosy Reaction Mimicking Leukocytoclastic Vasculitis in a Postpartum Patient
Authors: Schaffenburg William , Royer Michael , Scorza Melissa 
Published: October 2023

Abstract:
Leprosy is a disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae that, depending on a patient's baseline susceptibility and immune system function, can present in a wide variety of ways. The host's immune system response to the infection can be cell-mediated or humoral and can be further altered by changes in immune function or treatment. Depending on the time at which a skin biopsy is taken from affected areas, different inflammatory cell types are present, and the histopathology can mimic that of other infectious, autoimmune, or malignant entities, especially when the clinical information provided is vague. We present a case of a 24-year-old Micronesian woman who initially presented immediately postpartum with clinical and histopathological findings suggestive of urticarial vasculitis, but a subsequent biopsy resulted in a diagnosis of erythema nodosum leprosum reaction and borderline multibacillary leprosy. This case illustrates an unusual clinical and histological presentation of M. leprae and highlights the importance of clinical history.
BASELINE SPECTRAL DOMAIN OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHIC RETINAL LAYER FEATURES IDENTIFIED BY ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE PREDICT THE COURSE OF CENTRAL SEROUS CHORIORETINOPATHY
Authors: Desideri Lorenzo Ferro , Anguita Rodrigo , Berger Lieselotte E , Feenstra Helena M A , Scandella Davide , Sznitman Raphael , Boon Camiel J F , van Dijk Elon H C , Zinkernagel Martin S 
Published: October 2023

PurposeTo identify optical coherence tomography (OCT) features to predict the course of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) with an artificial intelligence (AI) based programMethodsMulticenter, observational study with a retrospective design. Treatment-naïve patients with acute CSC and chronic CSC were enrolled. Baseline OCTs were examined by an AI-developed platform (Discovery® OCT Fluid and Biomarker Detector, RetinAI AG, Switzerland). Through this platform, automated retinal layers thicknesses and volumes, including intaretinal and subretinal fluid (IRF, SRF) and pigment epithelium detachment (PED) were measured. Baseline OCT features were compared between acute CSC and chronic CSC patientsResults160 eyes of 144 patients with CSC were enrolled, of which 100 had chronic CSC and 60 acute CSC. Retinal layer analysis of baseline OCT scans showed that the inner nuclear layer, the outer nuclear layer and the photoreceptor-RPE complex were significantly thicker at baseline in eyes with acute CSC in comparison with those with chronic CSC (p<0.001). Similarly, choriocapillaris and choroidal stroma and retinal thickness (RT) were thicker in acute CSC than chronic CSC eyes (p=0.001). Volume analysis revealed average greater SRF volumes in the aCSC group in comparison with cCSC (p=0.041)ConclusionOCT features may be helpful to predict the clinical course of CSC. The baseline presence of an increased thickness in the outer retinal layers, choriocapillaris and choroidal stroma, and SRF volume seems to be associated with acute course of the disease
Analysis of Prosthetic Replacement of the Ocular Surface Ecosystem Anterior Surface Condition Using Noninvasive Keratograph Break-Up Time
Authors: Nodecker Kayla , Madabhushi Sankirth , Brocks Daniel 
Published: October 2023

Objectives:
Noninvasive keratograph break-up time (NIKBUT) was developed as an alternative to fluorescein-based measurements of tear break-up time and may have utility not only for the objective evaluation of tear film stability on the corneal surface but also on the surface of scleral and contacts lenses. We report on two cases that highlight the potential use of NIKBUT to provide objective prelens tear film stability data to evaluate the anterior surface of a customized ocular surface prosthetic devices (PD; PROSE, BostonSight, Needham, MA).

Methods:
Case report and literature review.

Results:
Case 1 demonstrates improvement in prelens tear film stability with NIKBUT increasing from 4.59 to 11.47 sec after the addition of a polyethylene glycol–based polymer coating to the PD surface. In case 2, when a NIKBUT value could not be obtained, keratograph infrared images were used to evaluate improved anterior lens surface wetting.

Conclusion:
Noninvasive keratograph break-up time may provide an objective modality to evaluate prelens tear film stability and PD wettability. Such measurements may allow for a better understanding of visual degradation related to PD lens condition and the appropriate timing of lens recoating, reconditioning, and replacement.
American Academy of Nurse Practitioners Certification Board announces changes in the recertification program
Authors: Tyler Diane , Schumann Lorna 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
The vision of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners Certification Board (AANPCB) is that nurse practitioners (NPs) meet the highest standards of excellence and competence to support quality care and optimal health outcomes. The highest standards of excellence require monitoring and improving our certification and recertification programs. After conducting a thorough review of the relevant literature and a series of surveys of our certificants, changes were made to the AANPCB recertification requirements that are consistent with continued competency. These changes are (1) maintaining a minimum of 1,000 advanced practice hours as an NP in the role of clinician, educator, administrator, and/or researcher plus obtaining 100 contact hours of qualified professional development credits; (2) allowing completion of the renewal criteria after the certification end date for individuals who have allowed their certification to expire; and (3) retiring the COVID temporary certification extension policy.
Primary care nurse practitioners' perceptions and experiences communicating with adults about adverse childhood experiences
Authors: Strauch Kimberly A. 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Clinical communication focused on childhood adversity has not been well described in the extant literature. There is a wealth of knowledge about patient-centered communication, including patient-centered communication techniques involving the discussion of health risks in primary care. However, there remain gaps in our understanding of the role that communication plays in exploring adverse childhood experience (ACE) exposure among adults in the clinical context.

Purpose:
To better understand factors that influence how nurse practitioners (NPs) communicate with adults about ACEs in the context of primary care while simultaneously exploring NPs' perceptions and experiences of their ability to communicate with adults about ACE exposure.

Methodology:
Guided by the Patient-to-Provider Communication of Adverse Childhood Experiences in Primary Care (PPC-ACE) Model, an exploratory, qualitative, descriptive study was conducted among 15 US-based primary care NPs. Nurse practitioner's participated in semistructured interviews, which were recorded and transcribed. Transcripts were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. Atlas.ti provided supplemental data visualization. Demographic data, practice characteristics, and baseline ACEs knowledge were collected by means of Qualtrics.

Results:
Key themes described communication approaches and perceived barriers and facilitators to ACE-related conversations. Scope of practice, provider biases, diversity in practice models, and secondary trauma were factors NPs' perceived as positively or negatively influencing ACE-related communication in primary care.

Conclusions:
Outcomes from this study provided deeper insights into the various influencers of NP-perceived, ACE-related, patient-centered communication among adults in primary care.

Implications:
Findings will inform future research focused on ACE-related communication in primary care in the domains of NP education, practice, and health policy.
Tracheal Intubation by Advanced Practice Registered Nurses in Pediatric Critical Care: Retrospective Study From the National Emergency Airway for Children Registry (2015–2019)*
Authors: Van Damme Danielle M. , McRae Emily M. , Irving Sharon Y. , Kelly Serena P. , Tarquinio Keiko M. , Giuliano John S. , Ruppe Michael D. , Kierys Krista L. , Breuer Ryan K. , Parsons Simon J. , Mallory Palen P. , Shenoi Asha N. , Swain Kelly A. , Polikoff Lee A. , Lee Anthony , Adu-Darko Michelle A. , Napolitano Natalie , Shults Justine , Nishisaki Akira , Berkenbosch John W. ,   for the National Emergency Airway Registry for Children (NEAR4KIDS) and Pediatric Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis Investigators (PALISI)
Published: October 2023

OBJECTIVES:
To describe tracheal intubation (TI) practice by Advanced Practice Registered Nurses (APRNs) in North American PICUs, including rates of TI-associated events (TIAEs) from 2015 to 2019.

DESIGN/SETTING:
Retrospective study using the National Emergency Airway Registry for Children with all TIs performed in PICU and pediatric cardiac ICU between January 2015 and December 2019. The primary outcome was first attempt TI success rate. Secondary outcomes were TIAEs, severe TIAEs, and hypoxemia.

SUBJECTS:
Critically ill children requiring TI in a PICU or pediatric cardiac ICU.

INTERVENTIONS:
None

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
Among 11,012 TIs, APRNs performed 1,626 (14.7%). Overall, TI by APRNs, compared with other clinicians, occurred less frequently in patients with known difficult airway (11.1% vs. 14.3%; p < 0.001), but more frequently in infants younger than 1 year old (55.9% vs. 44.4%; p < 0.0001), and in patients with cardiac disease (26.3% vs. 15.9%; p < 0.0001).There was lower odds of success in first attempt TI for APRNs vs. other clinicians (adjusted odds ratio, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.62–0.79). We failed to identify a difference in rates of TIAE, severe TIAE, and oxygen desaturation events for TIs by APRNs compared with other clinicians. The TI first attempt success rate improved with APRN experience (< 1 yr: 54.2%, 1–5 yr: 59.4%, 6–10 yr: 67.6%, > 10 yr: 63.1%; p = 0.021).

CONCLUSIONS:
TI performed by APRNs was associated with lower odds of first attempt success when compared with other ICU clinicians although there was no appreciable difference in procedural adverse events. There appears to be a positive relationship between experience and success rates. These data suggest there is an ongoing need for opportunities to build on TI competency with APRNs.
Menstruation Confounding the Correct Interpretation of 99mTc-RBC Bleeding Scan
Authors: Wang Guanyun , Lu Xia , Wang Wei , Yang Jigang 
Published: October 2023

Abstract99mTc-RBC bleeding scan in a 17-year-old adolescent girl showed an increased focal activity in the pelvis. However, SPECT/CT showed that this activity was located in the uterus, which was considered a normal variant considering that the patient was in her fourth day of the menstrual period. Subsequent99mTcO4−Meckel scan showed the typical characteristic of ectopic gastric mucosa in the small bowel. Postsurgical pathology confirmed the diagnosis of ectopic gastric mucosa. This case suggested the menstrual period uterus should be included as differential diagnosis of99mTc-RBC scan.
177Lu-DOTATATE (Lutathera) Therapy in 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT-Negative Liver Metastases of a Neuroendocrine Tumor
Authors: Ventura David , Roll Wolfgang , Kasper Hans-Udo , Rahbar Kambiz , Stegger Lars 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
A 73-year-old man with metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor was evaluated with 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT for peptide receptor radionuclide therapy. Both PET-positive and negative lesions were seen in the liver, along with extrahepatic metastases. Histopathology was obtained from one of the PET-negative liver lesions to exclude secondary malignancy. Histology confirmed a well-differentiated (G2) metastasis of pNET with high somatostatin receptor expression. We initiated peptide receptor radionuclide therapy with close monitoring of the PET-negative liver metastases. We present a rare case, where posttherapeutic scintigraphy revealed vigorous uptake of 177Lu-DOTATATE even in the 68Ga-DOTATATE PET-negative liver metastases. Follow-up PET/CT showed a partial response to therapy.
At the Scrub Sink: Uterosacral Ligament Suspension
Authors: Meriwether Kate V. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Uterosacral ligament suspension for repair of prolapse has some challenges, such as visualization in the vagina, choice of suture, and avoidance of dangers such as ureteral kinking. This editorial offers some tips for performing a uterosacral suspension that are commonly discussed “at the scrub sink” before a case.
Coccidioidomycosis in Africa: Mini Review
Authors: Jayte Mohamed 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundCoccidioidomycosis, also known as San Joaquin valley fever, is a disease caused by inhalation of spores from Coccidioides fungi that are endemic to certain parts of the Americas. However, cases have increasingly been reported in other parts of the world including Africa.MethodsA systematic search of PubMed, Google Scholar and Web of Science databases was conducted in June 2022 using terms: “Coccidioidomycosis”,“Coccidioides”,“San Joaquin Valley fever” in combination with “Africa”. Studies were screened and included if they reported original clinical cases of human coccidioidomycosis originating from Africa. Data extraction focused on demographics, clinical characteristics, diagnosis and exposure links.ResultsA total of 29 articles met the eligibility criteria and were included in the review. Most cases originated from North and East Africa with common clinical presentations including pulmonary symptoms, skin lesions and disseminated disease. Exposure links included travel to endemic areas.ConclusionThough traditionally considered non-endemic, Africa appears to be experiencing an increase in reported Coccidioidomycosis cases, highlighting the need for awareness and further research on disease epidemiology in the region.
Electroencephalographic insights into variant function and clinical outcomes inSCN2Aencephalopathy
Authors: Fogerson Michelle , Tsitsiklis Melina , Brimble Elise , Brünger Tobias , Arslan Alexander R. , Nerrie Jayne , Laberinto Kim P. , Lacoste Alix M.B. , Martin Richard L. , Lal Dennis , Pathmanathan Jay , Brandon Westover M. , Fitter Nasha , Donoghue Jacob 
Published: October 2023

AbstractNeither phenotype nor genotype reliably predicts clinical disease severity or neurodevelopmental outcomes inSCN2Adevelopmental and epileptic encephalopathy. In this study we examined the electroencephalographic (EEG) features of children withSCN2Avariants to quantify the range of EEG abnormalities and link EEG biomarkers to developmental outcomes.We retrospectively analyzed data from a cohort of 28 children withSCN2Avariants and employed a genetics-based consensus framework to infer the functional characterization of each subject’sSCN2Avariant. Eleven subjects were predicted to have a gain-of-function variant, and 17 subjects a loss-of-function variant. Overall, variant classifications matched subject phenotypes. 493 EEG recordings from the 28 subjects were analyzed (ages 1 day to 16 years). In addition to theSCN2Arecordings, normative data from 1230 children without an epilepsy diagnosis or epileptiform features based on neurologists’ review was analyzed (1704 EEG recordings, ages 0 days to 16 years). We detected interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) in theSCN2Arecordings using Beacon’s automated IED detection algorithm. We characterized background spectral features by computing relative power in four frequency bands (delta=1-4Hz, theta=4-8Hz, alpha=8-13Hz, beta=13-30Hz) in recordings from both theSCN2Aand control cohorts. Additionally, we determined whether eachSCN2Arecording was associated with a gross motor developmental delay based on reported attainment of gross motor milestones. We then used mixed effects logistic regression models to estimate the effect of EEG biomarkers on developmental delay.We characterized EEG abnormalities in the background spectral features of theSCN2Acohort compared to the controls and identified differences in EEG signatures between the subjects with gain- and loss-of-function variants. Additionally, we showed that background spectral features are correlated with motor developmental outcome when measured relative to age-matched neurotypical children. Furthermore, we showed that interictal epileptiform activity is correlated with delayed motor development in subjects with gain-of-function variants.Taken together, these findings suggest that EEG biomarkers can be used to identify neurological abnormalities that correlate both withSCN2Avariants and measures of development. We demonstrate the potential value of EEG as a disease biomarker, and we highlight the potential of such biomarkers to both guide future invasive genetic therapies and to be used as diagnostic tools.
Environmental detection of parasites in the marginalized Paiute reservations compared to a nearby area
Authors: McKim Shannon , Kopystynsky Kristen , Wolf Nathaniel , Akbar Fahim A. , Bottazzi Maria Elena , Hotez Peter J. , Mejia Rojelio 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe amounts of parasite DNA in soil samples from different playgrounds and other public areas can help identify areas of possible microbe transmission as well as giving indications of possible occurrence of parasite infection in nearby communities. We collected 207 soil samples from parks located on Paiute indigenous tribal areas in southwest Utah and from higher income city of St. George, Utah, and tested them for the presence of 11 parasites that can cause human disease. Molecular tests revealed elevated odds ratio of detecting the helminthTrichuris trichiura3.072 (1.114 to 8.065) and any protozoa (not includingAcanthamoeba) 3.036 (1.101 to 7.966) in the tribal land playgrounds compared to St. George parks. These findings support previous studies showing that areas in lower socioeconomic communities, especially marginalized communities, tend to have higher presence of parasites in the soil that may lead to higher rates of disease prevalence.
Offline hippocampal reactivation during dentate spikes supports flexible memory
Authors: McHugh Stephen B. , Lopes-dos-Santos Vítor , Castelli Manfredi , Gava Giuseppe P. , Thompson Sophie E. , Tam Shu K.E. , Hartwich Katja , Dupret David 
Published: October 2023

SummaryStabilizing new memories requires coordinated neuronal spiking activity during sleep. Hippocampal sharp-wave ripples (SWRs) in the Cornu Ammonis (CA) region, and dentate spikes (DSs) in the dentate gyrus (DG) are prime candidate network events supporting this offline process. SWRs have been studied extensively but the contribution of DSs remains unclear. By combining triple-(DG-CA3-CA1) ensemble recordings and closed-loop optogenetics in mice we show that, like SWRs, DSs synchronize spiking across DG and CA principal cells to reactivate population-level patterns of neuronal coactivity expressed during prior waking experience. Notably, the population coactivity structure in DSs is more diverse and higher-dimensional than that seen during SWRs. Importantly, suppressing DG granule cell spiking selectively during DSs impairs subsequent flexible memory performance in a multi-object recognition task and associated hippocampal patterns of neuronal coactivity. We conclude that DSs constitute a second offline network event central to hippocampal population dynamics serving memory-guided behavior.
‘We are not the virus’ – Experiences of racism among East & Southeast Asian heritage young people in London during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Gram Lu , Mau Ada 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe spread of COVID-19 was accompanied by news reports of surging racism, xenophobia, and hate crime all over the Global North targeting individuals of East and Southeast Asian (ESEA) descent. However, little empirical research has documented the impacts of COVID-19 on child and adolescent ESEAs. We describe and analyse the mental health experiences of young ESEA Londoners during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic. We purposively recruited 23 young people (aged 5-24) of ESEA heritage through social media and existing ESEA networks and analysed transcripts using thematic analysis. Participants experienced distress from being exposed to multiple forms of racism ranging from strangers on the street avoiding or harassing them to classmates at school or university making racist ‘jokes’, comments or ‘banter’. Participants worried about hate crimes reported in news media and experienced anxiety from seeing pervasive racist content in online social media. Some participants responded by physically isolating themselves at home for long periods, whilst others chose to participate in activism, providing a sense of agency. Action by parents and school authorities was reported to help prevent further bullying, but respondents did not always feel able to approach these for help. Our findings put into focus the strain on young ESEA Londoners’ mental health caused by COVID-related racism and jar against simplified depictions of metropolitan places, such as London, as centres of cosmopolitanism and tolerance. To promote the emotional wellbeing of young ESEAs, future policy should facilitate action by schools and universities against anti-ESEA racism and support ESEA community-building efforts to enhance resilience in the face of racism.