bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Micro-Deformation Model of Parallel Manipulators in the Gravity Field
Authors: Yang Chao , Yu Wenyong , Quan Fei , Ye Wei , Lu Yebo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Establishing a microelastic deformation (micro-deformation) model of parallel manipulators (PMs) in the gravity field is of great significance for improving the calibration accuracy. Gravity affects the limb constraint wrenches space of PMs, resulting in the end-point micro-deformation, which damages end-point accuracy. A modeling method was proposed for the micro-deformation analysis of PMs with the consideration of gravity and the flexibility of rods and actuators based on the screw theory to fix this issue. First, the mechanism was considered an open-loop structure by cutting joints at the connection between limbs and moving platform. The limb constraint wrenches system and limb stiffness matrix were determined based on the screw theory and strain energy methods. Then, the limb gravity-additional constraint wrenches induced by gravity were established based on the reciprocity product of the twist screw and the constraint wrenches being zero. Meanwhile, the projection of limb deformations caused by gravity in the direction of the constraint wrenches system was established. Finally, an analytical methodology of the end-point micro-deformation of PMs with the consideration of gravity was built by means of the virtual work principle. The work decoupled the influences of gravity and the external load on the micro-deformation of the mechanism. The comparison between the results of the analytical model and finite element model of the line body and solid body of the 3PRRR over-constrained PM showed that the maximum error of the linear micro-deformation was within 3% and 11%, respectively.
Effect of Temperature on the Dynamics of Metamaterial Structures: Experimental Analysis
Authors: Pellicano Francesco , Cannillo Valeria , Iarriccio Giovanni , Molaie Moslem , Zippo Antonio 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this study, we investigate the vibrational characteristics of honeycomb structures crafted from metamaterials through experimental means. Specifically, we focus on plate structures composed of honeycomb, utilizing 3D printing to fabricate specimens with chiral properties and a negative Poisson ratio in their cores. The objective is to assess the dynamic behavior, such as the natural frequencies and damping, and their dependence on the temperature. The core layers were 3D printed and constructed from polylactic acid (PLA). Two different core patterns were explored to determine the eventual differences in terms of dynamic features. The experimental campaign involves impact hammer testing and sinusoidal excitation. The former are intended to identify natural frequencies and mode shapes, the latter are conducted on a shaking table within a climate chamber to replicate realistic environmental conditions. Indeed, the temperature significantly influences the elastic and dissipative features of the materials, as well as the specific behavior of metamaterial patterns.
Study on the Influence of Worn Rail on Subway Wheel Wear Prediction Based on Iteration Dynamics Simulation
Authors: Yin Zheng , Lu Zhenggang , Jing Zhipeng , Wei Juyao 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A certain type of subway vehicle was examined in this paper. Based on the measured worn rail profiles on the curve, a vehicle dynamics model of this type of subway was established. The evolution of wheel wear during vehicle-on-curve motion was obtained via iterative dynamics simulation. The effect of abrasive rails on the wear of subway wheels was investigated. The simulation results show that when significant wear occurs on the rail profile on the curve, although the difference in the wear volume rate under different operating conditions reaches 82.95%, the difference in the average wear volume during the whole operation is only 23.78%. Therefore, it is necessary to propose a model for updating rail profiles in wheel wear prediction simulations. This paper proposed a measure of the influence of rail profiles on wheel wear distribution based on the Manhattan distance and correlation coefficient and a rail profile update model and used iterative dynamics simulation to comprehensively evaluate the influence of rail wear on subway wheel wear on curves. Research results show that the rail profile updating method proposed in this paper can significantly improve the accuracy of wheel wear prediction in the simulation of wheel wear prediction, especially when the wheel pair is operated on worn rails after reprofiling.
Comparison of Laminar and Turbulent K-Omega Shear Stress Transport Models Under Realistic Boundary Conditions for Arterial Stenosis
Authors: Al-Rawi Mohammad , Belkacemi Djelloul , Al-Jumaily Ahmed M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Early diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) is critical to target treatments that reduce CVD mortality. Improving the accuracy of early diagnostic tools is, therefore, a key goal for biomedical scientists and engineers. Arterial stenosis is one form of CVD for which effective, non-invasive early diagnosis is invaluable. Current studies concerning the computational and numerical assessment of stenosis indicators use different mathematical models, such as laminar and k-omega shear stress transport (SST) models. These models are available in several software packages, such as ANSYS (Fluent and CFX), OpenFOAM, and COMSOL. These packages allow the users to set different boundary conditions, such as velocity at the inlet and pressure at the outlet and create user-defined functions (UDFs) with different expressions and constant values. However, there currently needs to be a rule over what to impose at these boundaries. Furthermore, previous studies have used various assumptions, such as rigid artery wall, one-way fluid-structure interaction (FSI) or two-way FSI, and the blood’s Newtonian or non-Newtonian material properties. This variety in construction has associated deviations of the models from the clinical data and lessens the value of the models as potential diagnostic or predictive tools for medical practitioners. In this study, we examine stenosis of increasing severity, presenting first a healthy artery and then three arteries with stenosis of 20%, 40% and 50%, analysing in terms of the strain energy to the artery wall based on the propagated waveforms through the arteries under the different arterial diameters. Many current studies use rigid walls and zero pressure boundary conditions at the outlet using a laminar or k-omega SST model. In this study, we investigate elastic walls using the one-way FSI concept and the pressure waveform at the outlet, comparing the results across the two common methods of laminar and k-omega SST. These velocity and pressure waveforms are provided as an expression based on clinical data. The results regarding the strain energy (mJ) behaviour along the artery wall show that the k-omega SST model outperforms the laminar model for short arterial segments and under the Newtonian assumption with a no-slip boundary wall and turbulent flow.
Revisiting the Flow Instability of Shrouded Corotating Disk Systems
Authors: Watanabe Akira , Obi Shinnosuke 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In disk drive systems, flow-induced vibration, often attributed to turbulent fluid motion, presents a significant challenge due to its wide-ranging frequency spectra. Helium-filled enclosures have been introduced to mitigate this issue by reducing the force exerted by fluid motion, owing to the lower gas density compared to air. This density reduction leads to a decrease in the inertia force relative to the viscous force, lowering the Reynolds number by nearly an order of magnitude and resulting in an anticipated transition from turbulent to laminar flow. However, the transitional regime poses challenges, potentially causing intermittently alternating flow motion between turbulent and laminar states, characterized by velocity fluctuations of larger magnitude. Our experimental study involved a series of tests with a system comprising five 3.5-inch disks enclosed within a cylindrical casing. Varying the disk rotation speed from 600 rpm to 7200 rpm resulted in Reynolds numbers ranging from about 1 × 104 to 1 × 105. While air-filled configurations consistently exhibited fully turbulent flow, helium-filled setups demonstrated laminar characteristics at lower Reynolds numbers. Our findings suggest transitional behavior at intermediate Reynolds number ranges, indicating a shift from stable to unstable flow patterns. These observations underscore the potential challenges associated with helium-filled disk systems.
Industry 4.0 and Modernizing Manufacturing Education
Authors: Singh Pooja Thakkar , Pothier Debra Ann , Sethupathy Anand , Gooding Geraldine , Soukup David , Reich Jarrett , Lamarre Morgan , Warrick James Stewart 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Industries are encouraged to work together to reduce the time to talent, or the period when an employee transitions from entry-level to being able to effectively contribute to achieving the organization’s goals. This paper guides the integration of an Industry 4.0 curriculum into two- and four-year institutions, focusing on essential topics like design for manufacturing, sustainability, and generative design. ASME and Autodesk propose a modular approach with core themes, case studies, real-world examples, self-assessments, videos, and hands-on exercises. This structured methodology aids professors in seamlessly incorporating Industry 4.0 concepts into their classrooms, preparing the next generation of engineers for modern manufacturing challenges.
Analysis and Simulation of Two-Dimensional Dual-Arm Manipulator for Baseball Training
Authors: Limata Kyler , Hu Qinfu , Duan Shawn 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The use of robotic arms with multiple degrees of freedom has increased significantly over recent decades, finding applications across various sectors. However, their potential in sports training, particularly in baseball pitching to assist catcher training, remains largely unexploited. This study explores the feasibility of employing two-dimensional, two-degree-of-freedom robotic manipulators for pitching baseballs, focusing on the dynamic capabilities necessary for such tasks.
The simulation model, developed in Autolev and implemented in MATLAB, represents a dual-link robotic arm with joints exerting torques ranging from 10 to 20 Nm. The analysis covers four simulations of half-second durations to assess the high-speed movement capabilities of the manipulator. Additional simulations with zero applied torques provide insights into the inherent dynamics of the system.
Drawing from Bauml et al.’s (2010)[1] work on dynamic, dexterous manipulations, this study integrates computational optimization to enhance our understanding of the multibody dynamics involved in tasks such as catching a moving baseball. The findings suggest that such robotic manipulators can effectively mimic the high-speed pitching actions required in baseball, underscoring their potential utility in sports training applications. This research lays the groundwork for further exploration into robotic manipulators in dynamic sporting tasks, opening new pathways for advancements in robotic automation and high-speed object interception.
Modeling NO2 Emissions From Biomass Gasification: an Examination of a Case in the Rural Community of Batata, Located in the Municipality of Tierralta, Córdoba, Colombia
Authors: Tavera Quiroz Humberto Carlos , Mendoza Fandiño Jorge Mario , Pinto Argel Samuel David , Hernández Sibaja Gerardo Cusi , Pérez Peñate Ana Karina , Coronado Arango Angélica Aideé , Gómez Vásquez Rafael David , Arrieta Almario Álvaro Ángel 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study focuses on modeling NO2 emissions, from a residual biomass gasification plant in Batata, Tierralta, Córdoba, Colombia. It employs a methodology that integrates emission source analysis through stoichiometric calculations and mass balances. Meteorological conditions are determined using data from the NASA POWER® satellite and IDEAM stations. Given the need for accuracy in air pollution modeling, the Aermet View® software is used to obtain and validate one-year hourly meteorological data. These outputs serve as inputs for the AerMod View® model to simulate dispersion patterns and analyze NO2 concentrations.
Simulation results indicate that the highest NO2 concentrations are localized around the gasification activity area. However, these concentrations remain within the permissible standard of 200 μg/m3. Further analysis suggests minimal health risks to the local population, as concentrations within the town center comply with safety standards. On an annual basis, the study finds that concentrations do not surpass the 60 μg/m3 threshold.
The study’s findings underscore the environmental feasibility of establishing a biomass gasification plant and highlights the project’s potential to contribute to waste management and energy production in isolated communities. Furthermore, the research emphasizes the importance of adopting sustainable practices aligned with both environmental and public health objectives.
Further Insights in the Dynamic Analysis of Parametrically Excited Stable Rotors With Unbalance: Shear and Gyroscopic Effects
Authors: De Felice Alessandro , Sorrentino Silvio 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study, following a previous investigation by the same authors, deals with unbalance effects in the stable domain of a slender rotor parametrically excited by an axial end thrust, considering in addition, as a novel contribution, the effects of shear deformation and gyroscopic actions. Unbalance causes a harmonic load acting on flexural deflection, influencing the response together with the parametric excitation, yielding a sequence of combination external resonances, also affecting the critical speeds of the rotor. A distributed-parameter model is adopted, consisting of a homogeneous Euler-Bernoulli straight beam spinning at constant angular speed on isotropic supports, unbalanced and loaded by an axial end thrust with a harmonic time-dependent component. Shear deformation and gyroscopic effects are studied separately, by considering additional terms in the Euler-Bernoulli model, either the Euler-Bernoulli beam model plus shear or the Rayleigh beam model. The flexural response is investigated in the frequency domain by decoupling the dynamic equilibrium equations in exact and approximate forms, yielding scalar non-homogeneous Mathieu equations.
A Study on Structural Safety Evaluation Technology for Separately Assembled Radiators With a Transformer
Authors: Yun Minok 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In transformers, radiators are heat exchangers which are used to maximize heat dissipation from the transformer oil to the external cooling medium. Radiators are usually installed on transformers in two ways. The first way is mounting directly to the transformer tank wall. The second way is installing separately from the transformer. It is called the separate radiators assembly. In this paper, equations were derived in order to select the optimal length of base plates of a separate radiators assembly to prevent rollover. Additionally, wind forces were calculated based on the SBC (Saudi Building Code) standard that has the most structurally harsh conditions. Power transformers and separate radiators assemblies are installed primarily in open, flat areas with no other buildings nearby. Therefore, they should be evaluated for structural safety against wind loads from the surrounding area. Then, analysis based on numerical method of real separate radiators assembly were conducted to verify structural safety. As a result, the optimal length of base plates of a separate radiators assembly and the design improvement of a separate radiators assembly considering their allowable stress was derived to secure the structural safety again the wind force. Through this process, the evaluation technology suggested in this paper was validated.
Thermal Energy Harvesting of Tree Trunk for Low-Wattage Electronic Applications Using Modular Design of Thermoelectric Generators
Authors: Le James , Jackson Kraig , Kim Hee-Seok 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Thermoelectric generators (TEGs) have a wide range of prospective applications in environmental monitoring, particularly for generating low-yield power. Extracting energy from the difference in temperature between a tree’s internal temperature and the surrounding air offers a reliable and low-maintenance method to power sensors and other small electronic devices. The primary focus of this study is on modularity and stacking of multiple stages by advancing the previous harvester prototype. This design enables the harvester to efficiently utilize the thermal energy from tree trunks. The prototype unit with a diameter of 2 inches in 1.25 inch thick has a predicted output power generation of 62.4 milliwatts from two commercial TEGs in the unit, using a numerical model that incorporates both n-type and p-type thermoelectric components. The material properties of Bi2Te3 at room temperature are used to calculate the thermal behavior of the material for a certain temperature difference. It is assumed that these material properties remain constant within the operational temperature range.
Flow Regimes in a Rotating Multi-Cylinder Filter
Authors: Bohling Sean K. , Huang Jiayang , Dressaire Emilie 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Aquatic organisms rely extensively on hair-covered surfaces for chemical sensing and feeding functions. Suspended food particles are filtered out of the water and ingested. This filter-feeding strategy avoids the challenges of engineered filters, whose efficiency decreases dramatically until they need to be replaced. These biological hair-covered surfaces, therefore, provide a novel approach to filtration.
The flow through hair-covered surfaces has traditionally been studied with a macroscopic array of rigid hairs in a long flow channel. Flow through such finite porous medium exhibits three regimes, with increasing fluid transport through the array: rake, deflection, and sieve. In the rake regime, the bulk flow is diverted around the array, while in the sieve regime, the flow goes through the array. The deflection regime is a transition regime where some of the streamlines exit the array laterally. The regimes depend on the Reynolds number of the flow, porosity, and confinement of the array. The channel geometry is a model configuration to study transport. Yet, the geometry limits the volume of fluid that can be filtered. We consider a rotating hair-covered surface in a cylindrical tank to increase the throughput. The rotating array is a closer approximation to the flow seen by aquatic creatures such as crustaceans, which flick their antennules in an arc to sense their environment.
This study uses finite element analysis to characterize transport through an array of hairs swept in a circular path through stationary fluid. The 2D simulations conducted with COMSOL Multiphysics investigate low-speed flows where the Reynolds number of a hair ranges from 0.001–40. This flow condition has a velocity profile that linearly increases from the inner to the outer edge of the array. To study the influence of the flow geometry on the three regimes, we vary the rotational velocity and array dimensions. We measure the flow rate entering through the first row and the drag on the hair array. These measurements allow the definition of the three regimes and the efficiency of the filtration process. The filter efficiency increases with the volume of fluid entering the array and decreases with the drag on the array. The filtered volume and drag coefficient exhibit a non-linear dependence on the rotation speed. In the first part of the proceedings, we discuss the conditions under which each regime is observed. In the second part of the proceedings, we address how drag on the array affects filtration efficiency. Finally, we conclude with design guidelines for hair-based high-efficiency filters.
Energy Conversion Performance Comparison of Two Radial Flux Dual Rotor Motors for Direct-Drive Electric Vehicles
Authors: Yan Kehan , Hu Zunyan , Li Jianqiu , Xu Liangfei 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Direct-drive configurations in electric vehicles (EVs) offer a shortened power transmission path but introduce challenges related to torque, volume, weight, and efficiency. Dual and double rotor motors (DDRMs) are emerging as potential solutions to these issues. However, the evaluation of flat winding technology in these motors remains nascent, delaying extensive research. This study provides a retrospective analysis of the energy performance of series flux double rotor motors (SFDRM) and parallel flux dual rotor motors (PFDRM). It examines their operating principles and performance characteristics, focusing on the comparative analysis of flux paths between SFDRM, PFDRM, and outer rotor integral slot motors (ORISM). This study explains that the output torque of DDRM is higher than that of ORISM in potential. Our findings indicate that variations in stator yoke height and slot tooth width are significantly influenced by the differing flux sharing paths of SFDRM and PFDRM. Additionally, the number of poles plays a critical role in defining flux path groups, which affects the output torque and efficiency. SFDRM with 56 or higher poles stands out, offering superior torque volume density, weight density, and operational efficiency.
Oxygen Delivery System for Closed-Circuit Escape Respirators
Authors: Fernando Rohan D. , Toole Brian W. , Cornman Jacob K. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In the design of self-contained closed-circuit escape respirators (CCERs), using the closed-circuit principle where the breathing gas from the user is recirculated and reconditioned in a closed loop within the apparatus is the most efficient design and leads to a small size. This type of respirator is favored when it must be carried by the user at all times for quick deployment in an emergency. A unique oxygen delivery system (ODS) that is compact and operates at a very high pressure for these type of respirators was developed. This ODS comprises a carbon composite cylinder storing pure oxygen, a valve integrated pressure reducer (VIPR), and a demand valve that delivers the breathing gas to the user. To minimize the physical size while retaining the performance characteristics required, direct metal laser sintering was used for the VIPR body using metal alloys and very high oxygen pressures of up to 10,000 PSI. This paper outlines the design, function, testing, and performance of the ODS. Unique design features were developed and incorporated such as delayed pressurization of the high-pressure chambers within the VIPR to reduce its size and eliminate leak paths. Overall, the flow characteristics of the VIPR and the system work of breathing performance were adequate and met the design requirements for the ODS. Applied in a future design, this ODS should contribute to development of smaller CCERs than current devices and deliver oxygen according to Title 42 Code of Federal Regulations.