bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anxiety, self-efficacy, and their determinants in school students during the COVID-19 pandemic: a survey in Southeastern Iran
Authors: Liu Limin , Dakkalirad Abdollah , Dehghan Mahlagha , Shahnavazi Allahyar , Maazallahi Mahboobeh , Li Min , Kordi Mehri , Farahmandnia Hojjat , Zakeri Mohammad Ali 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has been linked to various psychological disorders, including anxiety, particularly among the general public. It is crucial to monitor the mental health of school students, who are considered a vulnerable group in society, and assess their self-efficacy, as it can significantly affect their mental health. This study aimed to investigate the levels of anxiety and self-efficacy among school students during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
This cross-sectional study utilized convenience sampling to examine a sample of 335 school students from Sistan and Baluchestan province in southeastern Iran. An online questionnaire, distributed through social media platforms, was used to collect data. The questionnaire included demographic information, COVID-19 related items, the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children-MASC, and the Self-Efficacy Questionnaire for Children-SEQ-C. Data analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS version 24, with a significance level set at < 0.05.

Results
The study revealed a significant negative correlation between children’s anxiety and self-efficacy (r = -0.23, P < 0.001). Several factors were identified as predictors of anxiety, including low self-efficacy (β = -0.29, P < 0.001), female gender (β = 0.27, P < 0.001), concern about family members contracting COVID-19 (β = 0.18, P < 0.001), persistent advice of others to adopt preventive measures (β = 0.14, P < 0.005), level of education (β = -0.12, P < 0.017), and perceived risk of COVID-19 infection (β = -0.11, P < 0.030). These variables collectively accounted for 17% of the variance in anxiety.

Conclusion
The findings of the study highlight the importance of addressing the mental health of school students, specifically their anxiety levels, during epidemics. The results also indicate that enhancing self-efficacy among students during a pandemic could be a beneficial strategy for promoting their mental health.
Moderating effects of smoking and drinking on the relationship between biological rhythm and psychological health and gender differences among adolescents
Authors: Wang Jiaojiao , Xie Yang , Xu Huiqiong , Wan Yuhui , Tao Fangbiao 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Objectives
To determine whether smoking and drinking moderate the correlation between biological rhythm and mental health and the role of gender differences in these moderating effects.

Methods
Adolescents from three cities, all twelve middle schools (N = 7,986), named Shenzhen, Nanchang and Shenyang in China, were asked to complete a standardized questionnaire including the details of biological rhythm, psychological health, and the status of smoking and drinking. The PROCESS program was used to analyze whether smoking and drinking moderated the relationship between biological rhythm and psychological health.

Results
The analyses revealed poorer psychological health and greater likelihood of smoking and drinking in participants with higher scores for biological rhythm disorder (P < 0.001). Specifically, smoking and drinking accelerated the relationship between biological rhythm and psychological health in the total sample (B = 0.05, P < 0.05; B = 0.06, P < 0.001) and only the subgroup of girls (B = 0.09, P < 0.05; B = 0.12, P < 0.001), respectively.

Conclusions
As the findings suggest, attention should be given to smoking, drinking and gender-specific approaches employed to alleviate the psychological disorders of adolescents with biological rhythm disorders.
Remote training for strengthening capacity in sexual and reproductive health and rights research: a systematic review
Authors: Perrotta Carla , Downey Vicky , Elabbasy Darin , Ingram Carolyn , Lo Chungwan , Naseer Amara , Thorson Anna , Brizuela Vanessa 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Training has been used to develop research skills among sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) researchers. Remote education may accelerate transfer of skills and reduce barriers to strengthening research capacity. This systematic review aimed to assess the effectiveness of remote training on SRHR research and describe enablers and barriers of effective remote training.

Methods
PubMed, Embase, and Scielo were searched up to December 2022 for studies that evaluated in any language online research training programmes either on a SRHR topic or tailored for professionals working in SRHR published since 1990. Characteristics of included studies, the programmes they evaluated, the programme’s effectiveness, and reported barriers and enablers to remote learning were extracted. Three researchers synthesized and described findings on effectiveness, impact and outcomes mapping them against the Kirkpatrick model. Additionally, thematic analysis from qualitative data was conducted to identify themes relating to the barriers and enablers of remote learning.

Results
Of 1,510 articles retrieved, six studies that included 2,058 remote learners met the inclusion criteria. Five out of six studies described empirical improvements in participant research knowledge/skills and three studies reported improvements in attitudes/self-efficacy towards research. Follow-up surveys from four studies revealed frequent application of new research skills and improved opportunities for career advancement and publication following online trainings. Cited barriers to effective online SRHR research training included time management challenges and participants’ competing professional obligations; limited opportunities for interaction; and lack of support from home institutions. Cited enablers included well-structured and clear courses, learning objectives and expectations with participants; ensuring a manageable workload; facilitating interactions with mentors and hands-on experience; and selecting programme topics relevant to participants’ jobs.

Conclusion
Remote SRHR training can lead to improvements in research knowledge, skills, and attitudes, particularly when course learning objectives, structure, and expectations are outlined clearly, and ongoing mentorship is provided.
Awareness, attitudes towards genetic diseases and acceptability of genetic interventions among pregnant women in Burera district, Rwanda
Authors: Niyibizi Jean Baptiste , Rutayisire Erigene , Mochama Monica , Habtu Michael , Nzeyimana Zephanie , Seifu Daniel 
Published: October 2023

AbstractApproximately 3% of all pregnancies are associated with conditions linked with disability, either mild or severe congenital diseases. This is a consequence of environmental and genetic exposures. Complications and poor management of these diseases arise due to limited knowledge, awareness about the disease, and limited resource settings. The current study assessed awareness, attitudes towards genetic diseases, and acceptability of genetic interventions among pregnant women. This was a cross-sectional study that was conducted among 664 pregnant women in six selected health centers in Burera district using a detailed questionnaire. The data were analysed using STATA Version 15 and entailed univariate, bivariate, and multivariable analyses. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05. The mean age of the study participants was 28, and most of them were in the age range of 21 to 30 (50%). Most of the participants were married (91.1%), Christians (98.4%), farmers (92.7%), used public health coverage (96.6%), and attained primary studies (66.1%). The findings from this study showed that among participants, adequate awareness was at 29.5%, inadequate awareness at 70.5%, positive attitudes at 87.1%, negative attitudes at 12.9%, high acceptability at 97.1%, and low acceptability at 2.9%. While there was no significant difference between awareness and acceptability, there was a statistical significance between attitudes towards genetic diseases and acceptability towards the use of genetic services (p < 0.01). There was no statistical significance between sociodemographic or obstetric characteristics and the acceptability of genetic interventions. Participants with positive attitudes towards genetic diseases were more likely to develop a high level of acceptability and willingness towards the use of genetic interventions (OR: 5.3 [2.1–13.5]). Improving awareness about genetic diseases and establishing genetic interventions in healthcare facilities are needed.
Target identification of small molecules: an overview of the current applications in drug discovery
Authors: Tabana Yasser , Babu Dinesh , Fahlman Richard , Siraki Arno G. , Barakat Khaled 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTarget identification is an essential part of the drug discovery and development process, and its efficacy plays a crucial role in the success of any given therapy. Although protein target identification research can be challenging, two main approaches can help researchers make significant discoveries: affinity-based pull-down and label-free methods. Affinity-based pull-down methods use small molecules conjugated with tags to selectively isolate target proteins, while label-free methods utilize small molecules in their natural state to identify targets. Target identification strategy selection is essential to the success of any drug discovery process and must be carefully considered when determining how to best pursue a specific project. This paper provides an overview of the current target identification approaches in drug discovery related to experimental biological assays, focusing primarily on affinity-based pull-down and label-free approaches, and discusses their main limitations and advantages.
Remission effect of Canagliflozin in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus: a protocol for a multicenter, parallel-group, randomized, controlled, open-label trial
Authors: Yang Xue , He Zhiwei , Yuan Li , Huang Wenbin , Li Doudou , Xiang Pingping , Chen Yu , Chen Guofang , Liu Chao 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Studies reporting the effects of metabolic surgery, lifestyle intervention, and intensive insulin therapy for the remission of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) has been increasing, with fruitful results better conducted and yielded. However, there are only a few studies on the remission of T2DM using oral hypoglycemic drugs. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the remission effect of canagliflozin and metformin on participants with newly diagnosed T2DM and its possible underlying mechanism(s) through which these two medications elicit diabetes remission.

Method
To this end, we performed a multicenter, parallel-group, randomized, controlled, and open-label trial. A total of 184 participants with a ≤ 3-year course of T2DM will be enrolled and randomly assigned to the canagliflozin or metformin treatment group in a ratio of 1:1. Participants in each group will maintain their medication for 3 months after achieving the target blood glucose level and then stop it. These participants will be followed up for one year to determine remission rates in both groups.

Discussion
In this study, we will establish that whether canagliflozin is superior to metformin in terms of remission rate in participants with newly diagnosed T2DM. The results of this trial may provide robust evidence regarding the efficacy and mechanisms of the action of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) in T2DM remission.

Trial registration
ChiCTR2100043770(February 28, 2021).
Specialist palliative care until the very end of life - reports of family caregivers and the multiprofessional team
Authors: Ullrich Anneke , Goldbach Sven , Hollburg Wiebke , Wagener Bettina , Rommel Annette , Müller Marten , Kirsch Denise , Kopplin-Foertsch Katrin , Schulz Holger , Bokemeyer Carsten , Oechsle Karin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Specialist palliative care (SPC) includes care for incurably ill patients and their family caregivers at home or on a palliative care ward until the very end of life. However, in the last days of life, patients can rarely express their needs and little is known about SPC outcomes as reported by multiprofessional SPC teams and family caregivers.

Methods
Using the Palliative Care Outcome Scale (POS; Score 0–40), proxy assessments of SPC outcomes in the patient’s last 3 days of life were performed by SPC teams and primary family caregivers of three home care and three inpatient services. Additional questions were asked about problems solved ‘particularly well’ or ‘inadequately’ (last 7 days), which were content analyzed and quantified.

Results
Proxy assessments by SPC teams were available in 142 patients (of whom 51% had died at home). Family caregiver assessments exist for a subgroup of 60 of these patients. SPC teams (POS total score: mean 13.8, SD 6.3) reported SPC outcomes slightly better than family caregivers (mean 16.7, SD 6.8). The POS items consistently rated as least affected (= 0) by both, SPC teams and family caregivers, were ‘not wasted time’ (team 99%/family caregivers 87%), ‘information’ (84%/47%) and ‘support’ (53%/31%). Items rated as most affected (= 4) were ‘patient anxiety’ (31%/51%), ‘life not worthwhile’ (26%/35%) and ‘no self-worth’ (19%/30%). Both groups indicated more problems solved ‘particularly well’ than ‘inadequately’; the latter concerned mainly clinically well-known challenges during end-of-life care and family caregiver care.

Conclusions
This study shows the range and type of symptoms and other concerns reported in the patient’s last days. Starting points for further improvements in family caregiver care and psychosocial and spiritual issues were identified.
Impact of a simulation-based education approach for health sciences: demo, debrief, and do
Authors: Orsega-Smith Elizabeth , Leonard Tara , Ruggiero Laurie , Amato Nicolette , O’Hara Jamie 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Skill-based practice (e.g., communication skills) is important for individuals to incorporate into students' learning and can be challenging in large classes. Simulation-based education (SBE) is a method where students can learn and practice skills in a safe environment to use in real world settings with assistance of peer coaching. The COVID-19 pandemic presented challenges to providing students with sufficient SBE. The purpose of this paper is to: a.) describe a SBE approach for health coaching referred to as “Demo, Debrief, and Do” (DDD), b.) discuss how this approach became important in COVID-19 classroom experiences, c.) describe the impact of DDD activity on students in a health sciences curriculum. DDD is a collaborative activity where graduate health coaching students demonstrate coaching skills, debrief their demonstration, and support undergraduate students to demonstrate (or do) their own coaching skills in a small virtual online setting.

Methods
Qualitative feedback from 121 undergraduate students enrolled in 3 sections of a behavior change strategies course and quantitative surveys to examine their confidence in applying the skills and overall satisfaction with DDD were gathered.

Results
The overall average confidence level following the lab was 31.7 (0–35). The average satisfaction level following the lab was 23.3 (0–25 range). The most common highlight of this DDD experience described was observing the coaching demonstration (i.e., demo), followed by the feedback (i.e., debrief), and the practice (i.e., do).

Conclusion
The (DDD) simulation approach fulfilled an educational need during the COVID 19 pandemic and filled a gap in offering SBE opportunities for both graduate and undergraduate students while learning effective client-communication skills health coaching delivery.
How will the Covid-19 pandemic shape the future of primary care undergraduate teaching? Understanding modifications and developments deployed by UK academic units of primary care, and their implications for the future
Authors: Harrison Michael , Hall Lauren , Alberti Hugh 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Primary care has been under-represented in its contribution to the academic literature base on Covid-19 developments. We sought to understand how teaching and learning was modified and developed by primary care academic leaders to support the continuation of primary care-orientated learning during the Covid-19 pandemic; and explore how these changes may shape future educational delivery in primary care.

Methods
We adopted a qualitative approach, using semi-structured interviews of seven General Practice Heads of Teaching (GP HoTs) from UK medical schools. We used mixed deductive and inductive coding to analyse interview transcripts. Modifications and developments were coded to four a priori themes (clinical off-site; clinical on-site; synchronous remote; asynchronous remote). We concurrently used inductive coding to identify developments that did not readily fit into these categories. To understand how participants perceived the developments may shape primary care teaching in the future, we carried out an inductive thematic analysis.

Results
A range of modifications and developments were described. Examples of developments include: GP practices being provided with increased flexibility to support ongoing provision of clinical placements (on-site clinical), examples of initiatives enabling students to consult remotely from their homes (off-site clinical), transfer of face-to-face teaching to remote formats (synchronous remote) and development of new, interactive on-line teaching materials (asynchronous remote). One additional theme arose inductively: collaboration and co-operation.
For future implications, five themes arose: the evolution of flexible and hybrid clinical placement models; an increased role for telemedicine; increased networking and collaboration; increased active student involvement in patient care; and opportunities for community-based teaching afforded by the pandemic.

Conclusion
This study highlights how teaching was modified to support the continuation of primary care-based learning during the Covid-19 pandemic, and implications for the future. Collaboration and placement flexibility were notable features in the response. Participants perceived that flexible placement models containing a mixture of clinical on-site with remote synchronous and asynchronous teaching and learning activities, may persist into the post-Covid era. Further research is required to understand which developments become routinely embedded into primary care teaching in the post-Covid era and explain how and why this occurs.
Measuring group function in problem-based learning: development of a reflection tool
Authors: Li Athena , Mellon Matthew , Keuhl Amy , Sibbald Matthew 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Problem-based learning (PBL) is a pedagogy involving self-directed learning in small groups around case problems. Group function is important to PBL outcomes, but there is currently poor scaffolding around key self-reflective practices that necessarily precedes students’ and tutors’ attempts to improve group function. This study aims to create a structured, literature-based and stakeholder-informed tool to help anchor reflective practices on group function. This article reports on the development process and perceived utility of this tool.

Methods
Tool development unfolded in four steps: 1) a literature review was conducted to identify existent evaluation tools for group function in PBL, 2) literature findings informed the development of this new tool, 3) a group of PBL experts were consulted for engagement with and feedback of the tool, 4) four focus groups of stakeholders (medical students and tutors with lived PBL experiences) commented on the tool’s constructs, language, and perceived utility. The tool underwent two rounds of revisions, informed by the feedback from experts and stakeholders.

Results
Nineteen scales relating to group function assessment were identified in the literature, lending 18 constructs that mapped into four dimensions: Learning Climate, Facilitation and Process, Engagement and Interactivity, and Evaluation and Group Improvement. Feedback from experts informed the addition of missing items. Focus group discussions allowed further fine-tuning of the organization and language of the tool. The final tool contains 17 descriptive items under the four dimensions. Users are asked to rate each dimension holistically on a 7-point Likert scale and provide open comments.
Researchers, faculty, and students highlighted three functions the tool could perform: (1) create space, structure, and language for feedback processes, (2) act as a reference, resource, or memory aid, and (3) serve as a written record for longitudinal benchmarking. They commented that the tool may be particularly helpful for inexperienced and poor-functioning groups, and indicated some practical implementation considerations.

Conclusion
A four-dimension tool to assist group function reflection in PBL was produced. Its constructs were well supported by literature and experts. Faculty and student stakeholders acknowledged the utility of this tool in addressing an acknowledged gap in group function reflection in PBL.
Construction of a knowledge graph for breast cancer diagnosis based on Chinese electronic medical records: development and usability study
Authors: Li Xiaolong , Sun Shuifa , Tang Tinglong , Lu Ji , Zhang Lijuan , Yin Jie , Geng Qian , Wu Yirong 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Electronic medical records (EMRs) contain a wealth of information related to breast cancer diagnosis and treatment. Extracting relevant features from these medical records and constructing a knowledge graph can significantly contribute to an efficient data analysis and decision support system for breast cancer diagnosis.

Methods
An approach was proposed to develop a workflow for effectively extracting breast cancer-related features from Chinese breast cancer mammography reports and constructing a knowledge graph for breast cancer diagnosis. Firstly, the concept layer of the knowledge graph for breast cancer diagnosis was constructed based on breast cancer diagnosis and treatment guidelines, along with insights from clinical experts. .Next, a BiLSTM-Highway-CRF model was designed to extract the mammography features, which formed the data layer of the knowledge graph. Finally, the knowledge graph was constructed by combining the concept layer and the data layer in a Neo4j graph data platform, and then applied in visualization analysis, semantic query and computer assisted diagnosis.

Results
Mammographic features were extracted from a total of 1171 mammography examination reports. The overall extraction performance of the model achieved an accuracy rate of 97.16%, a recall rate of 98.06%, and a F1 score of 97.61%. Additionally, 47,660 relationships between entities were identified based on the four different types of relationships defined in the concept layer. The knowledge graph for breast cancer diagnosis was constructed after inputting mammographic features and relationships into the Neo4j graph data platform. The model was assessed from the concept layer, data layer, and application layer perspectives, and showed promising results.

Conclusions
The proposed workflow is applicable for constructing knowledge graphs for breast cancer diagnosis based on Chinese EMRs. This study serves as a reference for the rapid design, construction, and application of knowledge graphs for diagnosis and treatment of other diseases. Furthermore, it offers a potential solution to address the issues of limited data sharing and format inconsistencies present in Chinese EMR data.