bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of ARF genes in Cucurbita pepo L and analysis of expression patterns, and functional analysis of CpARF22 under drought, salt stress
Authors: Zhang Ming-jun , Xue Ying-yu , Xu Shuang , Jin Xuan-ru , Man Xing-chu 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Auxin transcription factor (ARF) is an important transcription factor that transmits auxin signals and is involved in plant growth and development as well as stress response. However, genome-wide identification and responses to abiotic and pathogen stresses of the ARF gene family in Cucurbita pepo L, especially pathogen stresses, have not been reported.

Results
Finally, 33 ARF genes (CpARF01 to CpARF33) were identified in C.pepo from the Cucurbitaceae genome database using bioinformatics methods. The putative protein contains 438 to 1071 amino acids, the isoelectric point is 4.99 to 8.54, and the molecular weight is 47759.36 to 117813.27 Da, the instability index ranged from 40.74 to 68.94, and the liposoluble index ranged from 62.56 to 76.18. The 33 genes were mainly localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm, and distributed on 16 chromosomes unevenly. Phylogenetic analysis showed that 33 CpARF proteins were divided into 6 groups. According to the amino acid sequence of CpARF proteins, 10 motifs were identified, and 1,3,6,8,10 motifs were highly conserved in most of the CpARF proteins. At the same time, it was found that genes in the same subfamily have similar gene structures. Cis-elements and protein interaction networks predicted that CpARF may be involved in abiotic factors related to the stress response. QRT-PCR analysis showed that most of the CpARF genes were upregulated under NaCl, PEG, and pathogen treatment compared to the control. Subcellular localization showed that CpARF22 was localized in the nucleus. The transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana lines with the CpARF22 gene enhanced their tolerance to salt and drought stress.

Conclusion
In this study, we systematically analyzed the CpARF gene family and its expression patterns under drought, salt, and pathogen stress, which improved our understanding of the ARF protein of zucchini, and laid a solid foundation for functional analysis of the CpARF gene.
A hybrid strategy using an ambulance and a helicopter to convey thrombectomy candidates to definite care: a prospective observational study
Authors: Vuorinen Pauli , Setälä Piritta , Ollikainen Jyrki , Hoppu Sanna 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Mechanical thrombectomy is the treatment of choice for large vessel occlusion strokes done only in comprehensive stroke centres (CSC). We investigated whether the transportation time of thrombectomy candidates from another hospital district could be reduced by using an ambulance and a helicopter and how this affected their recovery.

Methods
We prospectively gathered the time points of thrombectomy candidates referred to the Tampere University Hospital from the hospital district of Southern Ostrobothnia. Primary and secondary transports were included. In Hybrid transport, the helicopter emergency medical services (HEMS) unit flew from an airport near the CSC to meet the patient during transport and continued the transport to definitive care. Ground transport was chosen only when the weather prevented flying, or the HEMS crew was occupied in another emergency. We contacted the patients treated with mechanical thrombectomy 90 days after the intervention and rated their recovery with the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Favourable recovery was considered mRS 0–2.

Results
During the study, 72 patients were referred to the CSC, 71% of which were first diagnosed at the PSC. Hybrid transport (n = 34) decreased the median time from the start of transport from the PSC to the computed tomography (CT) at the CSC when compared to Ground (n = 17) transport (84 min, IQR 82–86 min vs. 109 min, IQR 104–116 min, p < 0.001). The transport times straight from the scene to CT at the CSC were equal: median 93 min (IQR 80–102 min) in the Hybrid group (n = 11) and 97 min (IQR 91–108 min) in the Ground group (n = 10, p = 0.28). The percentages of favourable recovery were 74% and 50% in the Hybrid and Ground transport groups (p = 0.38) from the PSC. Compared to Ground transportation from the scene, Hybrid transportation had less effect on the positive recovery percentages of 60% and 50% (p = 1.00), respectively.

Conclusion
Adding a HEMS unit to transporting a thrombectomy candidate from a PSC to CSC decreases the transport time compared to ambulance use only. This study showed minimal difference in the recovery after thrombectomy between Hybrid and Ground transports.
Effect of wet clothing removal on skin temperature in subjects exposed to cold and wrapped in a vapor barrier: a human, randomized, crossover field study
Authors: Hagen Linn Therese , Brattebø Guttorm , Dipl-Math Jörg Assmus , Wiggen Øystein , Østerås Øyvind , Mydske Sigurd , Thomassen Øyvind 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Prehospital care for cold-stressed and hypothermic patients focuses on effective insulation and rewarming. When encountering patients wearing wet clothing, rescuers can either remove the wet clothing before isolating the patient or isolate the patient using a vapor barrier. Wet clothing removal increases skin exposure but avoids the need to heat the wet clothing during rewarming. Leaving wet clothing on will avoid skin exposure but is likely to increase heat loss during rewarming. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of wet clothing removal compared to containing the moisture using a vapor barrier on skin temperature in a prehospital setting.

Methods
This randomized crossover experimental field study was conducted in a snow cave in Hemsedal, Norway. After an initial cooling phase of 30 min while wearing wet clothes, the participants were subjected to one of two rewarming scenarios: (1) wet clothing removal and wrapping in a vapor barrier, insulating blankets, and windproof outer shell (dry group) or (2) wrapping in a vapor barrier, insulating blankets, and windproof outer shell (wet group). The mean skin temperature was the primary outcome whereas subjective scores for both thermal comfort and degree of shivering were secondary outcomes. Primary outcome data were analyzed using the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA).

Results
After an initial decrease in temperature during the exposure phase, the dry group had a higher mean skin temperature compared to the wet group after only 2 min. The skin-rewarming rate was highest in the initial rewarming stages for both groups, but increased in the dry group as compared to the wet group in the first 10 min. Return to baseline temperature occurred significantly faster in the dry group (mean 12.5 min [dry] vs. 28.1 min [wet]). No intergroup differences in the subjective thermal comfort or shivering were observed.

Conclusion
Removal of wet clothing in combination with a vapor barrier increases skin rewarming rate compared to encasing the wet clothing in a vapor barrier, in mild cold and environments without wind.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT05996757, retrospectively registered 18/08/2023.
Comparison of Pocock and Simon’s covariate-adaptive randomization procedures in clinical trials
Authors: Shan Guogen , Li Yulin , Lu Xinlin , Zhang Yahui , Wu Samuel S. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWhen multiple influential covariates need to be balanced during a clinical trial, stratified blocked randomization and covariate-adaptive randomization procedures are frequently used in trials to prevent bias and enhance the validity of data analysis results. The latter approach is increasingly used in practice for a study with multiple covariates and limited sample sizes. Among a group of these approaches, the covariate-adaptive procedures proposed by Pocock and Simon are straightforward to be utilized in practice. We aim to investigate the optimal design parameters for the patient treatment assignment probability of their developed three methods. In addition, we seek to answer the question related to the randomization performance when additional covariates are added to the existing randomization procedure. We conducted extensive simulation studies to address these practically important questions.
Effects of dexmedetomidine combined with etomidate on postoperative cognitive function in older patients undergoing total intravenous anaesthesia: a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial
Authors: Fu Wuchang , Xu Hongchun , Zhao Ting , Xu Jun , Wang Fangjun 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Etomidate has been advocated for anesthesia in older and critically ill patients because of its hemodynamic stability. Clinical studies have shown that dexmedetomidine has neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties and improves postoperative cognitive dysfunction in older patients. The present study was to evaluate the effects of the combination of etomidate and dexmedetomidine with different anaesthesia time on postoperative cognitive function in older patients.

Methods
A total of 132 older patients undergoing ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy were randomly divided into EN group and ED group equally. Patients whose surgery time was less than or equal to 1 h in each group were allocated to short-time surgery group (EN1 group and ED1 group), and whose surgery time was more than 1h were allocated to long-term surgery group (EN2 group and ED2 group). The primary outcome was the score of the Mini-Mental State Examination. The secondary outcomes were State-Trait Anxiety Inventory scores, Riker sedation agitation scores, Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale scores, the memory span for Arabic numerals, the plasma concentrations of S-100 calcium-binding protein B and neuron specific enolase, the time to spontaneous respiration, recovery, and extubation.

Results
The MMSE scores at t2-3 were higher in ED1 and ED2 groups than in EN1 and EN2 groups (p<0.05). Compared with ED1 and ED2 groups, the ZSDS scores, the S-AI scores and the T-AI scores at t1-2 were higher in EN1 and EN2 groups (p<0.05), respectively. The recalled Arabic numbers at t1-3 were higher in ED2 group than in EN2 group (p<0.05). The plasma concentration of S-100β at t1-2 in EN1 group and t1-3 in EN2 group were higher than that in ED1 and ED2 groups (p<0.05), respectively. Compared with ED1 and ED2 groups, the plasma concentrations of NSE were higher at t1-3 in EN1 group and t1-4 in EN2 group (p<0.05), respectively.

Conclusion
The administration of dexmedetomidine could improve postoperative cognitive dysfunction, emergence agitation, depression and anxiety, attenuate the plasma concentrations of S-100β and NSE in older patients undergoing total intravenous anaesthesia with etomidate.

Trial registration
Registration number: ChiCTR1800015421, Date: 29/03/2018.
A retrospective analysis of 20,178 adult neurological infection admissions to United Kingdom critical care units from 2001 to 2020
Authors: Donovan Joseph , Glover Abena , Gregson John , Hitchings Andrew W. , Wall Emma C. , Heyderman Robert S. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Neurological infection is an important cause of critical illness, yet little is known on the epidemiology of neurological infections requiring critical care.

Methods
We analysed data on all adults with proven or probable neurological infection admitted to UK (NHS) critical care units between 2001 and 2020 reported to the Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre. Diagnoses, physiological variables, organ support and clinical outcomes were analysed over the whole period, and for consecutive 5-year intervals within it. Predictors of in-hospital mortality were identified using a backward stepwise regression model.

Results
We identified 20,178 critical care admissions for neurological infection. Encephalitis was the most frequent presentation to critical care, comprising 6725 (33.3%) of 20,178 cases. Meningitis– bacterial, viral or unspecified cases - accounted for 10,056 (49.8%) of cases. In-hospital mortality was high, at 3945/19,765 (20.0%) overall. Over the four consecutive 5-year periods, there were trends towards higher Glasgow Coma Scale scores on admission, longer critical care admissions (from median 4 [IQR 2–8] to 5 days [IQR 2–10]), and reduced in-hospital mortality (from 24.9 to 18.1%). We identified 12 independent predictors of in-hospital death which when used together showed good discrimination between patients who die and those who survive (AUC = 0.79).

Conclusions
Admissions with neurological infection to UK critical care services are increasing and the mortality, although improving, remains high. To further improve outcomes from severe neurological infection, novel approaches to the evaluation of risk stratification, monitoring and management strategies are required.
The effect of nutritional education based on the health action process approach (HAPA) on the pregnancy outcomes among malnourished pregnant mothers
Authors: Razzazi Atieh , Griffiths Mark D. , Alimoradi Zainab 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Objective
To examine the effectiveness of nutritional education based on the health action process approach (HAPA) on pregnancy outcomes among malnourished pregnant mothers utilizing nutritional support.

Methods
In a randomized controlled trial, 234 malnourished pregnant women under nutritional support from the fourth month of pregnancy participated. Participants were randomly allocated in study groups by the balance block randomization method. Data were collected using a socio-demographic and pregnancy outcomes checklist as well as self-devised questionnaire assessing the constructs of the HAPA model before and three months after the educational intervention. The framework of the educational intervention was based on the constructs of the HAPA and included three one-hour training sessions through lectures, group discussions, ‘question and answer’ sessions, and the use of educational tools. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and SPSS software.

Results
Pregnancy outcomes including optimal weight gain during pregnancy (p = 0.47), neonate’s birth weight (p = 0.58), gestational age at delivery (p = 0.83), type of delivery (p = 0.48) gestational anemia (p = 0.22), diabetes (p = 0.59) and hypertension (p = 0.29) were not significantly different in the intervention and control groups. The results showed that the educational intervention produced a significant increase in the total score (24 points) in the intervention group. Improvement of scores in the intervention group compared to the control was observed in all of the model constructs except outcome expectation (0.68 decrease). The educational intervention in the present study had a large measure of effect in total (SMD: 2.69, partial eta2: 0.664).

Conclusion
A nutritional education intervention based on the HAPA model for malnourished pregnant women increased behavioral intention and planning for action to have better nutritional behavior. However, the intervention did not change the pregnancy outcomes significantly.

Practice implications
Nutritional education based on the HAPA model can be used to improve nutritional behaviors of malnourished pregnant women.
Psychoeducation for adult ADHD: a scoping review about characteristics, patient involvement, and content
Authors: Pedersen Henrik , Skliarova Tatiana , Pedersen Sindre Andre , Gråwe Rolf W. , Havnen Audun , Lara-Cabrera Mariela L. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Psychosocial interventions such as psychoeducation are increasingly being used to treat adult ADHD, both as an alternative and as a supplement to pharmacotherapy. A thorough overview of the literature on psychoeducation for adult ADHD is lacking. The objectives of this scoping review were therefore to identify the characteristics of psychoeducation interventions designed for adults with ADHD, examine how the patient experience or perspective is considered during the intervention’s development and implementation, determine the typical themes covered, and explore how ‘psychoeducation’ is defined in these interventions.

Methods
A comprehensive search was performed to identify records in MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Cochrane CENTRAL, AMED, and ClinicalTrials.gov. Two or more reviewers were included in every step of the screening process and the final selection of included studies. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist (Supplementary Material 1) was used to report the results, and the framework developed by Arksey and O’Malley was used as a guide throughout the scoping process.

Results
A total of 2121 records were identified through the literature search. After screening and full-text analysis, ten studies were included for final analysis. Most studies were conducted in Europe and followed a group format. Seven main themes were identified: Information about the diagnosis, treatment options, somatic health and ADHD, the insider perspective, ADHD and social life, coping and psychological skills, and ADHD and work. There was significant overlap in themes covered, but coverage of each theme varied. Themes deemed important by newer research, such as sexuality and gender-specific issues, were missing. Only one intervention involved patients in its development and implementation, and two interventions involved family members. There was variation in how psychoeducation was defined in the included studies, and the implications of this are discussed.

Conclusion
The literature on psychoeducation for adult ADHD is not ready for any systematic effect estimation. Before such estimations are conducted, a shared understanding and definition of psychoeducation are needed. The involvement of end users in the development and delivery of interventions may aid reach this goal but results from this review indicate that such practices are rare.
Global trends and partial forecast of adverse effects of medical treatment from 1990 to 2019: an epidemiological analysis based on the global burden of disease study 2019
Authors: Kong Xin , Tao Xufeng , Li Lu , Zhao Xinya , Ren Jiaqi , Yang Shilei , Chen Xuyang , Xiang Hong , Wu Guoyu , Li Yunming , Dong Deshi 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
The possibility of adverse effects of medical treatment (AEMT) is increasing worldwide, but little is known about AEMT in China. This study analyzed the health burden of AEMT in China in recent years through the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2019 and compared it with the worldwide average level and those in different sociodemographic index (SDI) regions.

Methods
We calculated the age-standardized rate (ASR) of deaths, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), incidence and prevalence attributed to AEMT in China, worldwide and countries with different sociodemographic indices during 1990–2019 using the latest data and methods from the GBD 2019.

Results
From 1990 to 2019, the global age-standardized death rate (ASDR), DALYs, and YLLs for AEMT showed a significant downward trend and were negatively associated with the SDI. By 2040, the ASDR is expected to reach approximately 1.58 (95% UI: 1.33–1.80). From 1990 to 2019, there was no significant change in the global incidence of AEMT. The occurrence of AEMT was related to sex, and the incidence of AEMT was greater among females. In addition, the incidence of AEMT-related injuries and burdens, such as ASR of DALYs, ASR of YLLs and ASR of YLDs, was greater among women than among men. Very old and very young people were more likely to be exposed to AEMT.

Conclusions
From 1990 to 2019, progress was made worldwide in reducing the harm caused by AEMT. However, the incidence and prevalence of AEMT did not change significantly overall during this period. Therefore, the health sector should pay more attention to AEMT and take effective measures to reduce AEMT.
Spatial multi-criteria decision analysis for the selection of sentinel regions in tick-borne disease surveillance
Authors: Guillot C. , Aenishaenslin C. , Acheson E. S. , Koffi J. , Bouchard C. , Leighton P. A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe implementation of cost-effective surveillance systems is essential for tracking the emerging risk of tick-borne diseases. In Canada, where Lyme disease is a growing public health concern, a national sentinel surveillance network was designed to follow the epidemiological portrait of this tick-borne disease across the country. The surveillance network consists of sentinel regions, with active drag sampling carried out annually in all regions to assess the density ofIxodesspp. ticks and prevalence of various tick-borne pathogens in the tick population. The aim of the present study was to prioritize sentinel regions by integrating different spatial criteria relevant to the surveillance goals.MethodsWe used spatially-explicit multi-criteria decision analyses (MCDA) to map priority areas for surveillance across Canada, and to evaluate different scenarios using sensitivity analyses. Results were shared with stakeholders to support their decision making for the selection of priority areas to survey during active surveillance activities.ResultsWeights attributed to criteria by decision-makers were overall consistent. Sensitivity analyses showed that the population criterion had the most impact on rankings. Thirty-seven sentinel regions were identified across Canada using this systematic and transparent approach.ConclusionThis novel application of spatial MCDA to surveillance network design favors inclusivity of nationwide partners. We propose that such an approach can support the standardized planning of spatial design of sentinel surveillance not only for vector-borne disease BDs, but more broadly for infectious disease surveillance where spatial design is an important component.