bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High Compliance with the 11+ Injury Prevention Program Results in Better Win-Loss Records
Authors: Silvers-Granelli Holly , Bizzini Mario , Mandelbaum Bert , Arundale Amelia , Pohlig Ryan , Snyder-Mackler Lynn 
Published: October 2023

Background The 11+ injury prevention program (IPP) has been shown to decrease injury rates. However, few studies have investigated compliance and its overall relationship to team performance. Hypothesis/Purpose To examine if level of compliance while implementing the 11+ would impact team performance outcomes (wins, losses and ties). The authors hypothesized that higher team compliance to the IPP would be consistent with improved overall team performance (more wins and fewer losses). Study Design Prospective, cluster randomized controlled trial Methods This study was conducted in NCAA men’s soccer teams for one season and examined the efficacy of the 11+ IPP. The outcome variables examined were levels of compliance and team performance record: wins, losses, and ties. Twenty-seven teams (n=675 players) served as the intervention group (IG) and used the 11+ program while 34 teams (n=850 players) served as the control group (CG). Compliance and team performance were recorded. There were three compliance categories that were defined prospectively, low (LC, < 1 dose/week), moderate (MC, >1 and <2 doses/week), and high (HC, >2 doses/week). Descriptive and inferential tests were used to compare the CG, the IG, and compliance to team performance. Three independent t-tests were used to analyze outcome to group (IG vs. CG). A one way-MANOVA test was used to analyze compliance to win/loss/tie record, followed up by one-way ANOVA tests to analyze how compliance impacted wins, losses and ties, independently. Partial η2 measures were calculated to determine the effect size of level of compliance on outcome. A Tukey post-hoc analysis was used to analyze specific differences between levels of compliance and specific outcome measures. Results There were significantly more wins (IG: 10.67±2.63 versus CG: 8.15±3.83, CI, 7.95 – 9.69, p = 0.005) and fewer losses (IG: 5.56±1.97 versus CG: 8.12±3.59, CI, 5.66 to 7.43, p = 0.002) recorded for the teams using the 11+ program. There was a statistically significant difference between levels of compliance (high, moderate or low) on the dependent variables (wins, losses, and ties), F(3, 22) = 3.780, p =0.004; Wilks’ Λ = .435; partial η2 = .340. Conclusion The 11+ has the capacity to improve overall team performance in male collegiate soccer teams. The higher the compliance, the more favorable the team performance. This research may be a vital addition when attempting to persuade coaching staffs to adopt an IPP into their training regimen. Level of Evidence Level I
Clinical Commentary: A Criteria-Based Testing Protocol for Return to Sport Post Hip Arthroscopy for Impingement
Authors: Hugenberg Gabriella , Stallons Jason , Smith Chad , Brockhoff Kathryn , Gingras Matthew , Yardley Darryl , Ayeni Olufemi , Almasri Mahmoud 
Published: October 2023

Overall, 84%-87% of athletes will return to sport following hip arthroscopy; however, some literature suggests that only 57% of athletes return to their preinjury level, and only 16.9% report optimal performance. This discrepancy may be due to a lack of consistency within the definition of return to sport as well as a lack of consistency within rehabilitation programs when determining return to sport readiness. Athletes who are returning to sport must demonstrate adequate range of motion, strength, and the ability to perform multi-directional movements without the risk of reinjury. There has yet to be a comprehensive, criteria-based, return to sport testing protocol that utilizes objective measures to ensure athletes are ready for return to sport. The goal of the authors was to create a criteria-based testing protocol for return to sport following hip arthroscopy utilizing components best supported in the literature. The following parameters were identified as key areas to assess for within a return to sport testing protocol: range of motion, strength, functional testing, self-reported outcomes including psychological readiness and time. The purpose of this clinical commentary is to propose a criteria-based testing protocol to be used following hip arthroscopy for impingement from early rehabilitation through return to previous level of sport. Criteria are presented clearly to promote objective progression through rehabilitation while still being mindful of the biological healing time required for safe and efficient progression. It is the authors’ hope that in identifying and establishing a criteria-based testing protocol a higher percentage of athletes will be able to return to sport. Level of Evidence 5
Changes in Running Kinematics and Kinetics Following a 10 km Run
Authors: Reinking Mark , Hill Emily , Marr Kathryn , Melness Kasey , Ortiz Dominique , Racasan Elsa , Wedl Nicholas , White Joshua , Baum Brian 
Published: October 2023

Background Little is known about changes in kinetics or kinematics following a 10 km training run. This information has implications on risk of running-related injury. Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a 10 km run on running kinematics and kinetics in a sample of experienced runners. Study Design Cross-Sectional Study Subjects Nineteen runners ages 18-48 (7 female, 12 male) consented to participate including eight (3 female, 5 male) ultra-runners, and 11 (4 female, 7 male) recreational runners. Methods Following collection of demographic data and completion of a short running survey, participants did a 6-minute run at their self-selected running speed to acclimate to the instrumented treadmill. Reflective markers were placed over designated anatomical landmarks on both sides of the pelvis as well as the left lower extremity and marked with a skin pen. Subjects then ran on the treadmill and 30 seconds of video data were recorded at 240 frames/sec using a high-speed camera for the sagittal plane and the frontal plane. Simultaneously, ground reaction forces (GRFs) were recorded at 1200 Hz through the treadmill’s embedded force plates. Each runner then ran 10 km on a paved trail at their self-selected pace. Immediately following the run, reflective markers were reattached, guided by markings placed before the run, and a 30-second post-run trial of the video and GRF data were recorded. Video data were analyzed using Kinovea software to measure the kinematic variables of interest. Paired t-tests with Bonferroni corrections were used to find if significant differences existed between pre- and post-run data for all kinematic and kinetic variables. Results No significant or clinically relevant differences existed between the pre- and post-run measurements for the kinematic or kinetic variables. The only significant difference noted between the ultra-runners and recreational runners was that the ultra-runners had significantly higher cadence (p=0.045). Conclusions A 10 km run at a self-selected pace did not result in change in the mean kinematic or kinetic variables in this group of experienced runners. Ultra-runners employ higher cadence than recreational runners, but their kinematics and kinetics are similar. Level of Evidence Level 3
Concurrent Validity of The Expanded Cutting Alignment Scoring Tool (E-CAST)
Authors: Butler Lauren , Martinez Alexa , Erdman Ashley , Sugimoto Dai , Loewen Alex , Milian Eryn , Wyatt Charles , Hayden Kristin , DeVerna Amie , Tulchin-Francis Kirsten , Ulman Sophia 
Published: October 2023

Background The Expanded Cutting Alignment Scoring Tool (E-CAST) has been previously shown to be reliable when assessing lower extremity alignment during a 45-degree sidestep cut, however, the validity of this tool remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to assess the concurrent validity of the E-CAST by comparing visually identified movement errors from two-dimensional (2D) video with three-dimensional (3D) biomechanical variables collected using motion capture. Study Design Cross Sectional Methods Sixty female athletes (age 14.1 ± 1.5 years) who regularly participated in cutting/pivoting sports performed a sidestep cut with 2D video and 3D motion capture simultaneously recording. One clinician scored the 2D videos for each limb using the E-CAST criteria. Joint angles and moments captured in 3D were computed for the trunk and knee. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were performed to determine the accuracy of each E-CAST item and to provide cut-off points for risk factor identification. Results ROC analyses identified a cut-off point for all biomechanical variables with sensitivity and specificity ranging from 70-85% and 55-89%, respectively. Across items, the area under the curve ranged from 0.67 to 0.91. Conclusion The E-CAST performed with acceptable to outstanding area under the curve values for all variables except static knee valgus. Level of evidence 3b
The Accuracy of Ankle Eccentric Torque Control Explains Dynamic Postural Control During the Y-Balance Test
Authors: Nozu Shojiro , Johnson Kristin A. , Tanaka Tsukasa , Inoue Mika , Nishio Hirofumi , Takazawa Yuji 
Published: October 2023

Background The Y-Balance Test (YBT), especially the posteromedial (PM) reach direction (PM-YBT), is able to identify dynamic postural control deficits in those who have ankle instability. However, there still exists a need to understand how sensorimotor function at the ankle explains the performance during the PM-YBT. Hypothesis/Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine whether the ability to accurately control eccentric ankle torque explained PM-YBT performance. It was hypothesized that eccentric dorsiflexion/plantarflexion torque control would be positively related to the maximum reach distance (MRD) of PM-YBT. Study Design Cross-sectional study Methods Twelve healthy subjects performed the PM-YBT, maximum voluntary isometric contractions (MVIC) for both dorsiflexion and plantarflexion muscle strength, and then the torque control testing of the ankle. The torque control testing provided a target torque level on a screen in front of the subject and passive rotations of the ankle joint in the sagittal plane at 10 deg/sec between plantarflexion to dorsiflexion. Subjects were then instructed to eccentrically contract the dorsiflexors and plantar flexors to generate torque while the ankle joint rotated. The accuracy of torque control during eccentric dorsiflexion and plantarflexion by calculating absolute errors, the area between the target torque and the produced torque were evaluated. Tibialis anterior and soleus muscle activities were simultaneously recorded during testing. A step-wise linear regression model was used to determine the best model predicted the MRD of the PM-YBT (PM-MRD). Results A step-wise linear regression developed a model explaining only eccentric dorsiflexion torque control predicted higher PM-MRD score (R2 = 44%, F1,10 = 7.94, β = -0.67, p = 0.02). Conclusion The accuracy of torque control during eccentric dorsiflexion predicts better performance in the PM-YBT. Level of Evidence 3b
Biomechanical Basis of Interval Throwing Programs for Baseball Pitchers: A Systematic Review
Authors: Dias Travis , Lerch Benjamin G. , Slowik Jonathan S. , Wilk Kevin E. , Andrews James R. , Cain E. Lyle , Fleisig Glenn S. 
Published: October 2023

Background Interval throwing programs are used in rehabilitation of throwing injuries, especially ulnar collateral ligament injuries. Athletes who are rehabilitating begin by throwing on flat ground progressing through increasing distances, number of throws, and intensity of throwing. If the athlete is a baseball pitcher, the flat-ground throwing phase is followed by pitching on a mound at progressively increased effort. The goal is to build back arm strength and capacity with an emphasis on proper mechanics. Purpose To determine whether interval throwing progressively builds joint kinetics (specifically, elbow varus torque) to the level required during full-effort baseball pitching. A secondary purpose was to examine the kinematics produced during interval throwing compared to those seen during baseball pitching. Study Design Systematic Review Methods Following PRISMA guidelines, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, and Google Scholar were systematically searched for biomechanical studies of flat-ground throwing and partial-effort pitching in baseball between 1987 and 2023. Studies that reported the biomechanics of either flat-ground throwing, or partial-effort pitching were included in this review. The AXIS tool was used to assess study quality. Results Thirteen articles met the inclusion criteria. Ten studies were determined to be of moderate quality, while three studies were deemed high quality. Elbow varus torque during partial-effort pitching was less than during full-effort pitching. Elbow varus torque for most flat-ground throws did not exceed full-effort pitching torque. While most studies showed increased elbow varus torque with increased flat-ground throwing distance, the distance at which elbow varus torque matched or exceeded full-effort pitching elbow varus torque was not consistent. As flat-ground throwing distance increased, shoulder external rotation angle and shoulder internal rotation velocity increased. Arm slot (forearm angle above horizontal) decreased as flat-ground throwing distance increased. For varied effort pitching, shoulder external rotation angle, shoulder internal rotation velocity, elbow extension velocity, and ball velocity increased as effort increased. While the front knee extended slightly from foot contact to ball release in full-effort pitching, the front knee flexed slightly during partial-effort pitching. Conclusions An interval throwing program progressively builds elbow varus torque up to levels produced in full-effort baseball pitching. While differences exist between interval throwing kinematics and pitching kinematics, the patterns are similar in general. Level of Evidence 2
Reliability of Upper Extremity Functional Performance Tests for the Non-overhead Athlete
Authors: Riemann Bryan L , Davies George J 
Published: October 2023

Background While there have been reliability studies conducted on several upper extremity functional performance tests (UEFPT), there are several complicating factors that inhibit the ability to draw definitive consensus about the reliability of the tests in both females and males. Having reliability estimates for UEFPT in the same cohort facilitates direct comparison of their relative and absolute reliability. Purpose To establish the test-retest reliability of the closed kinetic chain upper extremity stability test (CKCUEST), seated medicine ball chest pass test (SMBCPT) and hands-release push-up test (HRPUT) in a cohort of males and females with a history of non-overhead sport participation. A secondary purpose was to examine the associations between the three UEFPT. Study Design Test-retest reliability, single cohort study. Methods Forty adults (20 females, 20 males) with a history of non-overhead sport participation completed three UEFPT during two data collection sessions three to seven days apart. Measures of systematic bias, absolute reliability and relative reliability were computed between the sessions. Additionally, correlational analyses were conducted between the three UEFPT. Results Only the UECKCST (both sexes) demonstrated significant (p≤ 0.003) second session performance improvements. All three tests exhibited excellent relative reliability (intraclass correlational coefficients ≥ 0.823) and except for the HRPUT in males, coefficients of variation were all below 8.8%. Except for a significant relationship (r=.691, p=0.001) between the UECKCST and SMBCPT for the females there were no other associations between the three UEFPT. Conclusion All three UEFPT demonstrated sufficient reliability. Thus, all three assessments can be used for serial assessments to progress a patient through rehabilitation as well as contribute to the criteria used in making return to sport decisions. Level of Evidence 3
Reliability and Concurrent Validity of a Markerless, Single Camera, Portable 3D Motion Capture System for Assessment of Glenohumeral Mobility.
Authors: Pottorf Ofra , Vapne Daniel , Ghigiarelli Jamie , Haase Kaitlyn 
Published: October 2023

Introduction Recent technological advancements have enabled medical, sport, and fitness professionals to utilize digital tools that assist with conducting movement examinations and screenings. One such advancement has been the implementation of a single camera, markerless, and portable 3D motion capture system designed to obtain ROM measurements for multiple body parts simultaneously. However, the reliability and validity of a markerless 3D motion capture system that uses a single camera has not been established. Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the reliability and concurrent validity of this 3D motion capture system compared to a goniometer in assessing ROM of the glenohumeral joint. Study Design Quasi-experimental reliability, convenience sampling. Methods/materials Forty healthy volunteers (mean ± SD, age 27.4 ± 12.4 years, height 173.4 ± 11.1 cm, weight 72.1 ± 16.2 kg) participated in this study. Intrarater reliability was analyzed by ICC(2,k) with a 95% CI using two repeated trials for each shoulder movement (flexion, abduction, external rotation, internal rotation) that were recorded simultaneously via two methods: a standard goniometer and a 3D motion capture system. Concurrent validity was analyzed using Pearson Correlation Coefficient (r). Results The intrarater reliability between the two instruments for glenohumeral motions yielded an overall ICC of 0.82 (95% CI: 0.74-0.88) indicating good reliability for both instruments. The 3D motion capture system demonstrated strong correlations with goniometry for shoulder flexion (r = 0.67), abduction (r = 0.63), and external rotation (r = 0.76), and very strong correlation for shoulder internal rotation (r = 0.84). Conclusion Results from this study indicated that a markerless, single camera, portable 3D motion capture system can be a reliable and valid tool to assess glenohumeral joint ROM in comparison to a standard goniometer. Level of Evidence 3
Tren Penelitian Pendidikan Matematika di Jurnal Mosharafa: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika Tahun 2021-2022
Authors: Novelza Ice Dwi , Sari Nia Monika , Putra Aan 
Published: October 2023

The publication of the results of mathematics education research has increased and developed from time to time, especially in accredited national journals. This study aims to provide an overview of research trends in mathematics education published in Mosharafa : Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika which accredited on grade Sinta 2 and to identify opportunities for future mathematics education research. This research is a scoping literature review using the five-stage framework of Arksey & O'Malley. A review was conducted of 90 articles in the field of mathematics education published in Mosharafa : Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika in 2021-2022 period. Based on the results and discussion, it shows that the trend of mathematics education journals (2021-2022) in Mosharafa : Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika is the dominant research topic used, namely regarding the ability to think mathematically, while research topics that are minimally used include book analysis. The dominant research subjects used were junior high school students, while the minimum was the general public. The dominant research methods used are qualitative research and quantitative research. While the recommendations that the dominant researcher suggests are regarding further researchers being able to apply, develop and examine more deeply the research that has been carried out and the next researcher should apply new and interesting variations to the research that will be carried out.
Analisis kesalahan Siswa SMP dalam Memecahkan Masalah Kontekstual pada Materi Perbandingan Ditinjau Dari Gaya Kognitif
Authors: Anjelina Mufidatin , Ismail Ismail 
Published: October 2023

The aim of this research is describe errors conducted by students of junior high schools with cognitive styles type field-dependent and field-independent in solving contextual problems in proportion and its causal factors. This research is a descriptive qualitative research. The research subjects for this research were 2 students with the most errors from each type of cognitive styles. The two subjects are of the same gender. Data was collected by interview techniques and test. This research used 3 kinds of instruments, those were interview guidelines, the GEFT test, and diagnostic tests. Data of this research is processed using Miles and Huberman technique which includes 3 steps. The results of this research shows the errors made by subject FD and FI cognitive style, and also the factors that cause the errors. Subject with FD cognitive style made errors such as, errors in understanding the problem, erros in devising a plan, erros in carrying out the plan, and looking back errors. The errors made by students with FI cognitive style included carrying out plans, and checking again. Factors that cause subject that has FD cognitive style made errors tend to be caused by difficulties in understanding problems, lack of the understanding of the mathematical concepts, and also lack of calculating skills. Factors that cause subject that has FI cognitive style made errors tend to result from a lack of thoroughness in students when solving problems.