bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Everyday prejudices: an intersectional exploration of the experiences of lesbian and gay entrepreneurs
Authors: Kidney Etain , McAdam Maura , Cooney Thomas M. 
Published: January 2024

PurposeThere is a gap in understanding with regards to the discrimination and prejudice experienced by gay entrepreneurs. To address this, an intersectional perspective is adopted to facilitate a better understanding of how lesbian and gay entrepreneurs may experience heterosexism.Design/methodology/approachThis qualitative study uses semi-structured interviews to explore the experiences of 14 lesbian and gay entrepreneurs as they navigate homophobia and heterosexism.FindingsThe study contributes novel insights to the field of entrepreneurship, extending the study of lesbian and gay entrepreneurs to include gender and a fine-grained analysis of the experience of heterosexism. Its inclusion of an intersectional perspective of the lesbian-female entrepreneur expands the emerging body of literature examining intersectional identities of minority entrepreneurs.Originality/valueThe authors provide a more nuanced understanding of the impact of heterosexism on LGBT+ entrepreneurial activities. This is facilitated by the authors' adoption of an intersectional perspective which shows how the different axes of identity influenced gender identity performance in relation to the model of perceived neutrality in LGBT+ entrepreneurship. The authors also make an original contribution to minority stress literature through the authors' exploration of one facet of minority entrepreneurship, namely the impact of heterosexism on LGBT+ entrepreneurial activities.
Counting on strengths: harnessing character strengths to stimulate innovative work behaviour
Authors: Janapati Gayathri , Vijayalakshmi V. 
Published: January 2024

Purpose
Proposing a strengths-based perspective for innovative work behaviour (IWB), the purpose of this paper is to explore character strengths (CS) as antecedents to IWB. Extending the literature and operating in the framework of positive organisational behaviour, this paper considers creative self-efficacy a crucial link between CS and IWB. The role of growth mindset and learning organisation in facilitating IWB, presented as a conceptual model, contributes to the theory in this field, aiding in developing an overarching theory to understand IWB.

Design/methodology/approach
A narrative literature review was performed on the CS, IWB and positive organisational behaviour literature to adapt theories and develop propositions for the conceptual model.

Findings
This paper develops a conceptual framework proposing direct relationships between CS and IWB. This study posits creative self-efficacy (CSE) as the mediator between this relationship and growth mindset, learning organisation as the moderators for the link between CS and CSE and CSE and IWB.

Research limitations/implications
The paper presents a conceptual framework focusing on the positive personality traits of employees, precisely their CS. This study explores how leveraging these strengths can enhance their capacity for IWB. The suggested model also prompts additional research in understanding IWB.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the conceptual framework proposed is the first to explore the diverse individual differences factors and the role of contextual facilitation in enhancing employees’ IWB. This study contributes to the growing field of positive organisational behaviour and assists HR managers in tapping into employees’ internal resources. This paper’s theoretical and practical discourse can inspire future research and encourage a strengths-based view of workplace processes.
The politics of smiling: the interplay of emotion, power and discourse in sensegiving and sensemaking
Authors: Zhu Yi 
Published: January 2024

PurposeThis research investigates the politics of smiling as a central driver for employees to navigate power dynamics within the prevailing discourse at a Japanese retailer in Hong Kong. Existing critical management studies emphasize power in organizational language, often neglecting the role of employees’ emotions in sustaining discourse. This paper examines employees’ smiles as tools for legitimizing (sensegiving) and interpreting (sensemaking) discourse. It explores how the use of their emotional display influenced the outcome of the company’s attempt to legitimize discourse. This research divides the discourse process into five phases: formation, codification, implementation, monitoring and adaptation.Design/methodology/approachUsing the critical sensegiving and sensemaking approach, this paper discusses how employees’ interpretations of corporate policies shape the perpetuation of dominant discourse and outcomes. Data were collected through the author’s long-term participant observation in the Hong Kong branches of Japanese retailers.FindingsThe formation phase discusses the emergence of a dominant discourse favoring Japanese practices in the company’s Hong Kong operations. Codification involves the conceptualization of standard smiles in customer service policies. In practice (implementation, monitoring and adjustment), employee smiles serve as tools for negotiating power—shaping careers, earnings and shift preferences. This paper argues that this discourse shapes organizational norms while employees’ sensemaking influences the discourse implementation. Furthermore, this paper highlights the transnational impact of Japanese culture in Hong Kong, which has shaped the way Japanese top management and local employees interpret the dominant discourse.Originality/valueThis study demonstrates the importance of discussing the display of emotions and employees’ intentions to understand their impact on the outcome of discourse implementation. This study also reiterates the significance of discussing the influence of one culture on another to understand the broader social context that affects the perpetuation of discourse.
Effective leadership: start with your strengths
Authors: Rosen Diane 
Published: January 2024

Purpose
This paper aims to offer a roadmap for a strengths-based approach to leadership.

Design/methodology/approach
A review and synthesis of various concepts relating to strengths in the workplace.

Findings
A strengths-based approach to leadership can lead to many positive outcomes, including increased employee engagement, productivity, satisfaction, performance and a more positive work environment.

Originality/value
This is a synthesis of a variety of ideas about how to lead with strengths and the positive implications of a strengths-oriented workplace culture.
Cross‐tolerance: Salinity gradients and dehydration increase photosynthetic heat tolerance in mangrove leaves
Authors: Bryant Callum , Harris Rosalie J. , Brothers Nigel , Bone Catherine , Walsh Ned , Nicotra Adrienne B. , Ball Marilyn C. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Understanding the drivers of variation in thermal ecophysiology is essential for characterizing the risks to plant communities posed by the increasing frequencies and intensities of heat waves predicted with climate warming. We evaluated the effects of estuarine salinity and short‐term leaf dehydration on photosynthetic (PSII) heat tolerance (PHT).

In the leaves of 12 mangrove species sampled at contrasting salinities along a 20 km estuarine salinity gradient, we measured minimum chlorophyll fluorescence (F0) with increasing leaf temperature to determine Tcrit (the temperature beyond which PSII is destabilized and F0 rises rapidly) and Tmax (the temperature where F0 declines rapidly with catastrophic cell membrane failure). Furthermore, to assess the impacts of leaf dehydration on PHT over short time scales, we re‐measured leaves following a bench‐drying dehydration treatment.

Tcrit was ~2.51°C higher in leaves of high‐salinity‐distributed mangrove species, increasing by ~0.74°C per practical salinity unit (PSU, ppt) along the estuarine salinity gradient. Tmax was ~1.1°C higher in high‐salinity‐distributed species, increasing by ~0.38°C ppt−1. Following dehydration, Tcrit increased by ~3.4°C in low‐salinity‐distributed species; however, no increase in Tcrit was observed in high‐salinity‐distributed species. Following dehydration, Tmax increased by ~1.8°C in both low and high‐salinity‐distributed mangrove species.

Our results illustrate that spatial gradients in salinity, and the variation in growth environments they produce, are associated with gradients in PHT across mangrove species differing in salinity tolerance and within species with broad salinity tolerances. Further, we show that variation in leaf hydration over short time scales influences PHT, with leaf dehydration improving the heat tolerance of PSII. Combined, these results highlight that both tissue and environmental water availability gradients may produce cross‐tolerance in PSII, that is, increasing stability at high temperatures. Our results underscore the need for greater resolution of the interactive effects of plant water relations, hydration status and photosynthetic thermal safety across biomes and in a warming world.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Chronic intermittent hypoxia‐induced oxidative stress activates TRB3 and phosphorylated JNK to mediate insulin resistance and cell apoptosis in the pancreas
Authors: Zeng Shan , Wang Yeying , Ai Li , Huang Liwei , Liu Zhijuan , He Chunxia , Bai Qiaohui , Li Yongxia 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis study explores the potential mechanisms of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) complicates type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by which chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) induces insulin resistance and cell apoptosis in the pancreas through oxidative stress. Four‐ and eight‐week CIH rat models were established, and Tempol (100 mg/kg/d), was used as an oxidative stress inhibitor. This study included five groups: 4‐week CIH, 4‐week CIH‐Tempol, 8‐week CIH, 8‐week CIH‐Tempol and normal control (NC) groups. Fasting blood glucose and insulin levels were measured in the serum. The expression levels of 8‐hidroxy‐2‐deoxyguanosine (8‐OHdG), tribbles homologue 3 (TRB3), c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK), phosphorylated JNK (p‐JNK), insulin receptor substrate‐1 (IRS‐1), phosphorylated IRS‐1 (Ser307) (p‐IRS‐1ser307), protein kinase B (AKT), phosphorylated AKT (Ser473) (p‐AKTser473), B cell lymphoma protein‐2 (Bcl‐2), cleaved‐caspase‐3 (Cl‐caspase‐3), and the islet cell apoptosis were detected in the pancreas. CIH induced oxidative stress in the pancreas. Compared with that in the NC group and CIH‐Tempol groups individually, the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR) and apoptosis of islet cells was increased in the CIH groups. CIH‐induced oxidative stress increased the expression of p‐IRS‐1Ser307 and decreased the expression of p‐AKTSer473. The expression levels of TRB3 and p‐JNK were higher in the CIH groups than in both the CIH‐Tempol and NC groups. Meanwhile, the expressions of Cl‐caspase‐3 and Bcl‐2 were upregulated and downregulated, respectively, in the CIH groups. Hence, the present study demonstrated that CIH‐induced oxidative stress might not only induce insulin resistance but also islet cell apoptosis in the pancreas through TRB3 and p‐JNK.
Youth support for direct versus talk‐centric democratic processes in Finland
Authors: Huttunen Janette 
Published: January 2024

AbstractGrowing worries over young people's lack of engagement in institutionalized political processes have been appeased by theories of young people's political preferences for alternative, more engaged political activities. However, young people's institutionalized participation is important for the quality of participation. Democratic innovations, institutions that are designed to increase citizen participation, have been suggested as one solution to bring young people back into institutionalized politics. However, in research, different forms of democratic innovations are often treated as a bulk measure and not examined separately—depriving us of knowledge of youth support for different types of participatory processes. This paper contributes to the literature by examining youth support for a direct versus talk‐centric democratic process in Finland. The results indicate that young people support both referendums and discussion forums more than older people do and that discussion forums are more popular than referendums. Additionally, democratic satisfaction has a reversed effect on support for discussion forums for young and old people.
RpUGT344J7 is involved in the reproduction switch of Rhopalosiphum padi with holocyclic life cycle
Authors: Wang Suji , Huang Wenjie , Li Mengtian , Wang Ni , Liu Xi , Chen Maohua , Peng Xiong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMany aphid species exhibit both cyclical parthenogenesis (CP) and the obligate parthenogenesis (OP) life history, which are genetically determined. In CP aphid lineages, the parthenogenetic individuals can switch from asexual to sexual reproduction quickly in response to environmental factors such as changes in photoperiod and temperature. However, the OP aphid lineages do not undergo sexual reproduction under any conditions. So far, mechanisms underlying the reproduction switch in CP aphids have not been fully elucidated. Rhopalosiphum padi, a serious worldwide insect pest of wheat, has both CP and OP lineages. Uridine diphosphate‐glycosyltransferases (UGTs) are enzymes that participate in the metabolic detoxification of xenobiotics. Here, we identified 43 RpUGT genes from R. padi genome and transcriptome sequences, and found that: (1) the UGT content of the CP lineage was significantly higher than that in the OP lineage at the key time points when CP lineage mainly produce virginoparae, gynoparae, and males under inducing condition, while there were no significant difference under normal conditions; (2) RpUGT344J7 gene was highly expressed during the time points when CP lineages produce gynopara and males; (3) the critical time points for CP lineages to produce virginoparaee, gynoparae, and males were affected when the CP lineages were injected with dsRpUGT344J7; (4) the knockdown of RpUGT344J7 caused a significant reduction in the total number of virginoparae, gynoparae, and males in the offspring under inducing condition. The findings contribute to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the quick shift from asexual to sexual reproduction in aphid species.
Cybersecurity carrots and sticks
Authors: Hiller Janine , Kisska‐Schulze Kathryn , Shackelford Scott 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn an unsustainable trend, each year is touted as the worst on record for data and system breaches. 2020's dubious top distinction was exceeded across numerous metrics in 2021, and 2022's numbers set another unwanted record. The growing epidemic of ransomware, data breaches, and cyber‐enabled attacks pushes policymakers and business leaders to consider what can be done to reverse the cyber‐insecurity spiral. Amidst the current cybersecurity landscape fraught with regulatory gaps, dependence on self‐regulation, and resource constraints of small‐ and medium‐sized businesses, policymakers should seize opportunities to reward reasonable cybersecurity postures and disincentivize underinvestment in cybersecurity best practices. Bold and coordinated actions are needed to dislodge the unsustainable trend of increasingly damaging cyberattacks, and to create a more holistically secure digital future. To move the needle toward a more robust cybersecurity ecosystem, this article proposes an incentive‐based strategy that breaks the mandate‐versus‐self‐regulation dichotomy, leveraging a carrots and sticks tax approach to spur stronger cybersecurity postures across the ecosystem. Such proposal outlines a framework for a Federal Cybersecurity Investment Tax Credit, tailored and mapped to select entity types, combined with a cyberinsecurity tax, thus promoting the principle that businesses have basic cybersecurity responsibilities and fundamental duties to operate securely in a digital society. In addition, this article introduces supplementary tools as part of an enhanced cybersecurity tax policy toolkit. Given pressing national and global cyber risks, this article continues a long‐standing conversation about the operative use of tax policy as part of a holistic approach to reaching a secure and sustainable digital future.
The dopamine 3 receptor as a candidate biomarker and therapeutic for opioid use disorder
Authors: Banks Matthew L. , Sprague Jon E. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHere, we present recent studies suggesting that specific DRD3 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs, e.g. rs324029 and rs2654754) might serve as prognostic biomarkers for opioid use disorder (OUD). Additionally, preclinical studies with novel dopamine 3 receptor (D3R) partial agonists and antagonists have been evaluated as candidate OUD therapeutics and have shown a reduced risk of cardiovascular toxicity compared with the original D3R antagonist. From these findings, we argue that DRD3 SNPs could serve as a diagnostic tool for assessing OUD risk and that more research is warranted examining the D3R as a safe and effective therapeutic target for treating OUD.
Black Cuban women primary school teachers negotiating the responsibilities of social reproduction
Authors: Crumdy Angela 
Published: January 2024

AbstractInvestigations into teacher dissatisfaction often limit concerns to the school setting; however, this ethnographic study investigated how Cuban women's employment as primary school teachers forced them to make strategic negotiations related to childbirth and eldercare. Interviews and participant observation conducted with five Black primary teachers revealed tensions between economic production and biological reproduction. Attention to teachers’ lives outside of the classroom and the complications they experience are useful for Cuba and other counties experiencing shortages.
Business Strategy and CEO Compensation: Evidence from the Hospitality and Tourism Industry*
Authors: Kim Hye Seok , Akindayomi Akinloye , Chung Chune Young , Ogunmakin Adeduro Adesola 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis study examines the relationship between a hospitality and tourism (HT) firm's business strategy and the level and structure of compensation for its chief executive officer (CEO). Using the ordinary least square (OLS) estimation method, we find that firms in the HT industry that adopt an innovation‐oriented business strategy increase their CEOs' total compensation. The increased compensation is not derived from a cash‐based component but from an equity‐based component of the total CEO compensation. The higher levels of risk exposure that HT firms encounter when adopting an innovation‐oriented business strategy motivate these compensation dynamics. Further, HT firms that implement an innovation‐oriented business strategy and possess a higher firm value are those that remunerate their CEOs using equity‐based compensation. We find no such evidence for cash‐based compensation. Therefore, we advocate for a strategy‐induced compensation premium in the CEOs' compensation contracting for the HT industry.
Diverse presentations of Cushing's syndrome during pregnancy – A case series
Authors: Stoinis Natasha , Creeper Katherine , Phillips Jessica , Graham Dorothy , Lim Ee Mun 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundCushing's syndrome (CS) encompasses various causes of hypercortisolism including adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secreting pituitary adenoma with or without bilateral adrenal hyperplasia, an adrenal adenoma or carcinoma, ectopic ACTH or corticotrophin‐releasing hormone (CRH) secretion by a neoplasm or exogenous corticosteroid therapy. The diagnosis of CS in pregnancy presents a challenge due to overlapping clinical features of pregnancy (weight gain, striae, acne). If untreated, CS in pregnancy is associated with increased risk of maternal and fetal complications.AimsWith fewer than 250 cases currently published, we aim to review the clinical presentations, diagnostic methods, management, and outcomes of patients with CS in pregnancy to help optimise our clinical practice.Materials and methodsThis is a single‐centre, retrospective review of woman with documented hypercortisolism receiving antenatal care at a tertiary maternity hospital in Perth between 2006 to 2022. Data were collated from electronic and chart reviews. OMNI calculator was used for birthweight calculations. Local ethics and patient consent were obtained.ResultsFive women and seven pregnancies were identified. Four women had a pituitary source of ACTH‐dependent CS as confirmed by brain magnetic resonance imaging. One woman had an ectopic source of ACTH. Two women were diagnosed during pregnancy. All pregnancies occurring prior to treatment of the Cushing's disease were complicated by secondary hypertension and diabetes.ConclusionCS represents a rare and difficult to diagnose condition in pregnancy. When untreated, maternal and fetal outcomes are compromised. Close monitoring of the associated complications with involvement of a multidisciplinary team are recommended.
The Carceral Geographies of Platform Delivery Work: Essential Workers and Bike Registrations in New York City
Authors: Ramachandran Vignesh 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe critical platform studies literature is increasingly considering the role of social difference as a structuring logic in the platform economy, complementing understandings of worker precarity facilitated by worker misclassification and algorithmic management. Contributing to this literature, this paper demonstrates how platforms and police produce carceral geographies that manage and exploit immigrant delivery workers as surplus populations. The carceral geographies of the platform economy account for both how carceral space produces and manages the surplus populations from which platform capital draws its workers, facilitating the disposability and exploitation of workers. Focusing on South Asian delivery workers in New York City, the paper uses the example of bike registrations to show how police and platforms expand carceral spaces in immigrant communities, increasing their vulnerability to premature death and violence. Finally, it suggests how delivery worker organising offers instances of situated resistance that challenge platform capital and carceral logics.