bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of salmonellae in cattle and in the environment on California dairies
Authors: Smith Bradford P. , Da Roden Lin , Thurmond Mark C. , Dilling George W. , Konrad Hans , Pelton Jeffrey A. , Picanso John P. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Milk samples were collected from all lactating cows on 60 dairies (mean number of cows/dairy, 584; range, 66 to 2,834) randomly selected from 701 California dairies enrolled in the Dairy Herd Improvement Association program. Samples were tested, by means of an elisa, for antibodies against Salmonella serogroup B, C1, and D1 antigens (somatic antigens 01, 4, 6, 7, 9, 12). Blood samples were collected from all cows with positive results and tested for serologic evidence of exposure to salmonellae. Samples for bacteriologic culture (pooled feces from 20 randomly selected calves, swabs of wet areas and feces from calf pens and dairy hospital pens, drag swab sample from wastewater lagoon, and samples of feed components) were also collected from all 60 dairies. Seven (11.7%) of the 60 dairies each had 1 sample that yielded Salmonella organisms (3 S typhimurium, 1 S dublin, 1 nonmotile Group D salmonella, 1 S derby, and 1 S oranienberg). Five of the Salmonella isolates came from the hospital pens and 2 came from calf pens. Thirty-three dairies did not vaccinate cattle against salmonellosis, and of these, 24 (72.7%) had ≥ 1 seropositive cow (titer ≥ 200), and 20 (61 %) had ≥1 persistently seropositive cow (titer for each of 2 blood samples collected ≥ 60 days apart was ≥ 200). Of the 27 dairies that did vaccinate cows against salmonellosis, 24 (89%) had ≥ 1 seropositive cow, and 21 (78%) had ≥ 1 persistently seropositive cow.
We concluded that studies that use of bacteriologic culture of fecal and environmental samples to determine the percentage of dairies with Salmonella-infected cows may underestimate the true percentage.
Perioperative intratumoral administration of cisplatin for treatment of cutaneous tumors in Equidae
Authors: Théon A. P. , Pascoe J. R. , Meagher D. M. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Twenty-seven horses (and 1 mule) with 32 histologically confirmed cutaneous tumors were studied to evaluate the effects of intratumoral injection of cisplatin initiated at the time of surgery. As a result of surgery, 9 of the wounds were closed primarily (5 sarcoids, 4 carcinomas) and 23 were left open to granulate (16 sarcoids, 6 carcinomas, 1 hamartoma). Chemotherapy consisted of 4 treatment sessions of intratumoral injection of cisplatin in purified sesame oil at 2-week intervals. The first treatment session was administered intraoperatively. A controlled-release formulation of cisplatin in sesame oil was used to limit drug egress from the injection site. Dosage was 1 mg of cisplatin/cm3 of tissue. The mean relapse-free interval was 41 ± 3.7 months. The estimates of overall relapse-free survival rates were 92 ± 5% at 1 year and 77 ± 11% at 4 years. Cisplatin-related local toxicosis was minimal and wound healing was not compromised. Intratumoral injection of cisplatin appears safe and effective when administered in the perioperative period for selected tumors in equidae.
Evidence for a high rate of false-positive results with the indirect fluorescent antibody test for Ehrlichia risticii antibody in horses
Authors: Madigan John E. , Rikihisa Yasuko , Palmer Jonathan E. , DeRock Elfriede , Mott Jason 
Published: December 2023

Objective—
The original objective was to determine seroprevalence of Ehrlichia risticii antibody among horses in California. On the basis of the unexpected results of the survey, an investigation into the accuracy and reproducibility of results of the indirect fluorescent antibody (
ifa) test for E risticii was carried out.

Design—
Prospective, seroprevalence study.

Animals—
Healthy horses (n = 655) and horses with clinical signs of equine monocytic ehrlichiosis (
eme; n = 514) from various regions of California.

Procedure—
The
ifa test was performed. Results were compared with results of an
elisa and with results of western immunoblot analysis.

Results—
Overall, 104 of 655 (15.9%) healthy horses had evidence of an antibody response. However, 84 of 514 (16.3%) horses with clinical signs of
eme also had positive test results, and of the 8 seropositive diseased horses for which paired (acute and convalescent) samples had been submitted, only 1 had a rise in antibody titers between the acute and convalescent samples. Comparison of results for the
ifa test,
elisa, and western immunoblot analysis revealed a high rate of false-positive results for the
ifa test. Subsequent studies suggested that routine vaccination of horses with non-E risticii vaccines may have contributed to the false-positive reactions.

Clinical Implications—
The data failed to provide conclusive evidence of E risticii infection among California horses. Owing to the high percentage of false-positive test results, caution is advised when using the
ifa test to diagnose
eme in horses or to determine the necessity for E risticii vaccination.
Comparison of tilmicosin with long-acting oxytetracycline for treatment of respiratory tract disease in calves
Authors: Musser J. , Mechor G. D. , Gröhn Y. T. , Dubovi E. J. , Shin S. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To compare the effect of a single parenteral injection of tilmicosin with that of a single dose of a long-acting oxytetracycline as treatment in the early stages of naturally acquired undifferentiated respiratory tract disease in young dairy calves.

Design
Prospective clinical trial, randomized block design.

Animals
40 dairy calves.

Procedure
78 calves from 5 farms were examined weekly until 3 months old. When respiratory tract disease was diagnosed by a veterinarian, the calf was assigned to 1 of 2 treatment groups. Transtracheal wash samples were acquired to characterize the pathogens. The veterinarian, who was unaware of treatment assignments, examined calves for 3 days after treatment and evaluated severity, using a scoring system. Growth rates were measured.

Results
On the basis of response to initial treatment, relapse rates, and effect on growth rates, the antibiotics were determined to be equally effective. Severity of clinical disease was significantly (P < 0.03) less for the tilmicosin-treated calves on days 2 and 3 after treatment. Findings from analysis of transtracheal wash samples indicated Pasteurella multocida (25/40), P haemolytica (4/40), Haemophilus somnus (4/40), Actinomyces pyogenes (3/40), and Aspergillus sp (2/40). Mycoplasma was isolated in association with bacterial isolates in 22 calves.

Clinical Implications
Tilmicosin and oxytetracycline are effective in treatment of respiratory tract disease in young calves, even when Mycoplasma spp are involved. Tilmicosin is more effective in resolving clinical signs. Early treatment of dairy calves with respiratory tract disease may decrease detrimental effects on growth.
Catheterization of the auricular vein in cattle: 68 cases (1991–1994)
Authors: Roussel Allen J. , Talioferra Lecrecia , Navarre Christine B. , Hooper R. Neil 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To evaluate the use of auricular vein catheters (AVC) in cattle in a clinical setting.

Design
Case series.

Animals
57 cattle.

Procedure
68 AVC were placed in cattle for the administration of drugs or rehydration fluids. Catheter size, quantity of fluids administered, duration of administration, drugs administered, duration of catheter maintenance, and problems were recorded.

Results
The AVC ranged in size from 20 to 14 gauge, with the latter being the predominate size. A maximum flow rate of 7.7 L/h was achieved, and the flow rate was satisfactory in all but 1 case. The maximum duration of maintenance was > 96 hours. Problems occurred in 29 of 68 (43%) catheterizations; the most frequent problem was occlusion of the catheter, which occurred 16 times (24%). No serious complications occurred.

Clinical Implications
Auricular vein catheters were a convenient, safe, and low-cost alternative to jugular vein catheters. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996;208:905–907)
Efficacy of a temperature-sensitive modified-live bovine herpesvirus type-1 vaccine against abortion and stillbirth in pregnant heifers
Authors: Cravens Ronald Lynn , Ellsworth Michael Aaron , Sorensen Cynthia Deanne , White Amy Kathleen 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To evaluate the efficacy of a commercially available temperature-sensitive modified-live bovine herpesvirus type-1 (BHV-1) vaccine against BHV-1 challenge-induced abortion and stillbirth.

Design
Prospective randomized control trial.

Animals
20 cycling, nonpregnant, BHV-1 seronegative heifers of various breeds and weights, 12 to 15 months old.

Procedure
Heifers were randomly assigned to a vaccinate (n = 10) or nonvaccinate control (n = 10) group. Seventeen to 26 days after members of the vaccinate group received a second dose of vaccine, all heifers were artificially inseminated. Heifers were challenged intravenously with Cooper strain BHV-1 between days 177 and 187 of gestation. Aborted fetuses and stillborn calves were necropsied, and tissues collected for histologic examination and virus isolation. Heifers, calves, and fetuses were tested for BHV-1 antibody throughout the study.

Results
The difference in number of abortions or stillbirths between vaccinated heifers (1/10) and control heifers (10/10) was significant (P < 0.003). Seven of 10 control heifers had a virus neutralization antibody titer to BHV-1 at abortion or stillbirth that declined or remained unchanged from their titer at a previous serologic evaluation (7 to 66 days earlier).

Clinical Implications
Prebreeding vaccination of replacement heifers with modified-live BHV-1 vaccine provides fetal protection at 6 months of gestation (7 months after vaccination) and appears to be a reasonable precaution to control economic losses associated with BHV-1 infection. Abortions induced by BHV-1 are not necessarily associated with rising or markedly high virus neutralization antibody titers. These titers should be used cautiously when assessing the role of BHV-1 in bovine abortion and stillbirth. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996;208: 2031-2034)
Use of immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction for detection of oncornaviruses in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded fibrosarcomas from cats
Authors: Ellis John A. , Jackson Marion L. , Bartsch Robert C. , McGill Larry G. , Martin Karen M. , Trask Brenda R. , Haines Deborah M. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine whether there was intralesional infection or expression of FeLV or feline sarcoma virus in suspected vaccine-associated fibrosarcomas in cats.

Design
Prospective case series.

Sample Population
130 suspected vaccine-associated fibrosarcomas from cats and 1 multicentric fibrosarcoma from 1 cat.

Procedure
Excisional biopsy specimens were fixed in formalin and embedded in paraffin. Expression of FeLV antigen was assessed, using a polyclonal goat anti-FeLV glycoprotein 70 (gp 70) serum and an avidin-biotin immunoperoxidase staining technique. The FeLV genome was detected with a polymerase chain reaction (PCR), using primers targeted to a conserved sequence in the untranslated region of the long terminal repeat (LTR) of the FeLV.

Results
FeLV gp 70 and LTR sequence were detected in a multicentric fibrosarcoma. All 130 of the suspected vaccine-associated fibrosarcomas were FeLV gp 70 negative on the basis of immunohistochemical test results; 100 fibrosarcomas also were examined by use of PCR and were negative for FeLV LTR region.

Clinical Implications
Exogenous retroviruses, FeLV, and feline sarcoma virus were not detected in these suspected vaccine-associated fibrosarcomas, using immunohistochemistry and PCR. Additional testing will be required to determine the nature of genomic alterations that are involved in the oncogenesis of vaccine-associated fibrosarcomas in cats. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996;209:767–771)
Induction of parturition in alpacas and subsequent survival of neonates
Authors: Bravo P. Walter , Bazan Patricia J. , Troedsson Mats H. T. , Villalta Pedro R. , Garnica Jorge P. 
Published: December 2023

Objective—
To evaluate use of fluprostenol, dexamethasone, and oxytocin for induction of parturition in alpacas, and to determine viability of the newborn crias.

Design—
Prospective, randomized, controlled trial.

Animals—
36 pregnant alpacas within 10 days of parturition.

Procedure—
Animals were randomly assigned to treatment groups. Plasma progesterone and plasma and urine estrone sulfate concentrations were measured for 5 days after treatment. Clinical signs of the neonates were determined.

Results—
Time between treatment and parturition was significantly shorter for animals that received fluprostenol than for animals in any other group. The highest dose of dexamethasone (0.5 mg) caused fetal death. None of the other treatments induced early parturition. Time between birth and first suckling, body weight, rectal temperature, pulse rate, and respiratory rate at birth and serum IgG concentration 24 hours after birth were not different between crias born after fluprostenol treatment and crias born to control alpacas.

Clinical Implications—
Fluprostenol was effective at inducing parturition in these alpacas, but dexamethasone and oxytocin were not. crias born after fluprostenol treatment were similar to crias born to control alpacas. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996;209:1760–1762)
Use of statistical models to evaluate racing performance in Thoroughbreds
Authors: Martin G. S. , Strand E. , Kearney M. T. 
Published: December 2023

Objective—
To develop a statistical model to evaluate the influence of specific parameters on racing performance in Thoroughbreds.

Design—
Survey.

Sample Population—
Racing records of Thoroughbreds performing in Louisiana from 1981 to 1985.

Procedure—
Race results for 20 randomly selected days from 5 racetracks during 5 years were analyzed, using regression analysis.

Results—
The most influential parameter was distance raced. There were significant differences in racing performance among horses at different tracks. At the tracks examined, fast racing surfaces resulted in significantly faster finish times than good racing surfaces, and good racing surfaces resulted in significantly faster finish times than muddy racing surfaces. Finish times also were significantly faster as a function of increasing purse amount and age of horse. Finish times were significantly faster during quarter 4 (summer) and significantly slower during quarter 1 (fall). Races were run at significantly faster times as the number of the race progressed during the day. The finish times were significantly slower as the number of horses competing in the race increased, as the weight carried by the horse increased, and as the starting position away from the rail increased.

Clinical Implications—
The coefficients used in the statistical model of this report may be used by researchers to compare before injury and after treatment finish times. The coefficients can be used to standardize past racing performances to uniform conditions, thus permitting comparison from 1 race to another to determine success of treatments and to inform owners of prognosis. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996;209:1900–1906)
Survey of veterinary professionals and other veterinary conference attendees for antibodies to Bartonella henselae and B quintana
Authors: Noah Donald L. , Kramer Cynthia M. , Verbsky Matthew P. , Rooney Jane A. , Smith Kathleen A. , Childs James E. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine serologic and epidemiologic characteristics of an occupational group potentially at risk for Bartonella sp infection.

Design
Epidemiologic survey.

Sample Population
351 veterinarians, veterinary technicians, and other individuals attending a veterinary conference in Ohio.

Procedure
A serum sample was obtained from each individual and tested for antibodies to Bartonella henselae or B quintana. A 24-question survey also was administered regarding demographic, occupational, and exposure information.

Results
25 (7.1 %) individuals were seropositive for B henselae or B quintana. Forty-seven, of whom 5 were seropositive, reported a history of illness consistent with cat-scratch disease and 18, of whom 3 were seropositive, reported a previous diagnosis of cat-scratch disease. Of the variables analyzed, only years of experience with cats was correlated with seropositivity.

Clinical Implications
The overall seroprevalence for 2 species of Bartonella in this occupational group was only slightly higher than that reported from other surveys. Seroprevalences among veterinarians, veterinary technicians, hospital staff, and others were essentially identical. Small sample groups, high percentage of cat ownership among participants, unknown duration of seropositivity, and unknown prevalence of infection among cats were potential confounders. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997;210:342–344
Epizootic of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis on a farm
Authors: Fenger Clara K. , Granstrom David E. , Langemeier John L. , Stamper Shelby 
Published: December 2023

Objective—
To determine the clinical findings, course of treatment, and long-term outcome of horses on a farm in central Kentucky during an epizootic of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM).

Design—
Cohort study.

Animals—
21 horses on a farm in central Kentucky, 12 of which developed clinical signs of EPM.

Procedure—
Horses on the farm were serially examined for signs of neurologic disease and serum and CSF antibodies to Sarcocystis neurona. Horses were considered to have EPM if they had neurologic signs and positive test results for antibodies to S neurona in CSF. Blood values were monitored for evidence of abnormalities resulting from long-term pyrimethamine and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole administration. Physical, neurologic, and fetal necropsy examinations were performed as needed. Horses were treated for EPM until they had negative test results for CSF antibodies to S neurona.

Results—
Of 21 horses on the farm, 12 had EPM over the course of 6 months. The duration of treatment ranged from 45 to 211 days, excluding 1 horse that persistently had CSF antibodies to S neurona. Adverse effects from pyrimethamine and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole administration included transient fever, anorexia, and depression (n = 2); acute worsening of ataxia (2); mild anemia (4); and abortions (3).

Clinical Implications—
EPM may develop as an epizootic. In the horses of this report, subtle clinical signs that were originally considered unimportant ultimately progressed to obvious neurologic signs. Adverse effects associated with EPM treatment included worsening of neurologic signs, anemia, abortion, and leukopenic and febrile episodes. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997;210:923–927)
Field study of the safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of an inactivated equine rotavirus vaccine
Authors: Powell David G. , Dwyer Roberta M. , Traub-Dargatz Josie L. , Fulker Richard H. , Whalen Joseph W. , Srinivasappa Javaraiah , Acree William M. , Chu Hsien-Jue 
Published: December 2023

Objective—
To determine safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of an inactivated equine rotavirus vaccine.

Design—
Prospective randomized controlled trial.

Animals—
316 pregnant Thoroughbred mares during the first year of the study and 311 during the second year.

Procedure—
During the first year, mares received 3 doses of vaccine or placebo, IM, at 8, 9, and 10 months of gestation. Serum neutralizing antibody titers were measured before vaccination and 1 and 35 days after foaling. Antibody titers were measured in foals 1, 7, 35, 60, 90, and 120 days after birth. During the second year, mares that had been vaccinated the previous year received a single booster dose of vaccine approximately 1 month prior to parturition. Mares that had received the placebo the previous year and mares new to the study received 3 doses of vaccine or placebo. Serum neutralizing antibody titers were measured in samples taken from mares approximately 1 day after foaling and from foals approximately 1 and 60 days after birth.

Results—
Adverse reactions were not observed. Antibody titers were significantly increased at the time of foaling and 35 days after foaling in vaccinated, compared with control, mares and for 90 days after birth in foals born to vaccinated, compared with foals born to control, mares. Incidence of rotaviral diarrhea was lower in foals born to vaccinated, compared with foals born to control, mares, but the difference was not significant.

Clinical Implications—
Results suggest that the equine rotavirus vaccine is safe and immunogenic and that reasonable efficacy under field conditions can be expected. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997;211:193–198)
Reliability of early radiographic evaluations for canine hip dysplasia obtained from the standard ventrodorsal radiographic projection
Authors: Corley E. A. , Keller G. G. , Lattimer J. C. , Ellersieck M. R. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine reliability of preliminary evaluations for canine hip dysplasia (CHD) performed by the Orthopedic Foundation for Animals on dogs between 3 and 18 months of age.

Design
Retrospective analysis of data from the Orthopedic Foundation for Animals database.

Animals
2,332 Golden Retrievers, Labrador Retrievers, German Shepherd Dogs, and Rottweilers for which preliminary evaluation had been performed between 3 and 18 months of age and for which results of a definitive evaluation performed after 24 months of age were available.

Procedure
Each radiograph was evaluated, and hip joint status was graded as excellent, good, fair, or borderline phenotype or mild, moderate, or severe dysplasia. Preliminary evaluations were performed by 1 radiologist; definitive evaluations were the consensus of 3 radiologists. Reliability of preliminary evaluations was calculated as the percentage of definitive evaluations (normal vs dysplastic) that were unchanged from preliminary evaluations.

Results
Reliability of a preliminary evaluation of normal hip joint phenotype decreased significantly as the preliminary evaluation changed from excellent (100%) to good (97.9%) to fair (76.9%) phenotype. Reliability of a preliminary evaluation of CHD increased significantly as the preliminary evaluation changed from mild (84.4%) to moderate (97.4%) CHD. Reliability of preliminary evaluations increased significantly as age at the time of preliminary evaluation increased, regardless of whether dogs received a preliminary evaluation of normal phenotype or CHD.

Clinical Implications
Results suggest that preliminary evaluations of hip joint status in dogs are generally reliable. However, dogs that receive a preliminary evaluation of fair phenotype or mild CHD should be reevaluated after 24 months of age. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997;211:1142–1146)