bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of chemotactic factors in preovulatory follicular fluid from mares
Authors: Watson Elaine D. , Sertich Patricia L. , Zanecosky Heidi G. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
Ovulation has been likened to an inflammatory process. Inflammatory cells accumulate in the ovulating follicle, presumably because of chemotactic factors. Chemotactic activity was measured in fluid aspirated from follicles of estrous mares 0, 12, 24, and 36 hours after ultrasonographic detection of a 35-mm follicle and iv treatment with 2,500 IU of human chorionic gonadotropin. Chemotaxis was assessed by measuring directional migration of equine neutrophils under agarose. Follicular fluid acted as a chemoattractant for neutrophils, but there was no significant difference in chemotactic activity among different time intervals after administration of human chorionic gonadotropin. On the basis of results of various treatments, chemotactic properties of serum and follicular fluid were similar. Chemotactic activity was significantly reduced by heating (56 C for 30 minutes) and by trypsinization and was virtually removed by charcoal treatment. Dialyzing the follicular fluid (3,500 and 8,000 molecular weight cut-off) significantly reduced the chemotactic activity of follicular fluid and serum. The importance of chemotactic factors in the process of ovulation in the mare is yet to be established.
Effects of hyperlipemia on radioimmunoassays for progesterone, testosterone, thyroxine, and cortisol in serum and plasma samples from dogs
Authors: Lee David E. , Lamb Stephen V. , Reimers Thomas J. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
Hyperlipemic serum and plasma samples often are received by clinical laboratories for endocrinologic analysis by radioimmunoassay. We designed a study to determine what effect, if any, hyperlipemia has on estimation of lipid-soluble hormone concentrations determined by solid-phase radioimmunoassays. Progesterone, testosterone, thyroxine, and cortisol concentrations were determined in canine plasma and serum with various degrees of lipemia. Samples of serum, heparinized plasma, and edta-treated plasma were obtained from blood collected from 4 female and 4 male Beagles by use of evacuated tubes. To induce hyperlipemia in vitro, iv fat emulsion was diluted in deionized water to produce 0 (water only), 33, 67, or 100% mixtures. Twenty microliters of each mixture then was added to the subsamples of serum and plasma from each dog. Hormone concentrations were determined, using validated radioimmunoassays. Triglyceride concentrations were determined by enzymatic assay. Addition of iv fat emulsion in vitro was an accurate and reproducible means of altering triglyceride concentrations in the samples. Triglyceride concentrations as high as 700 mg/dl had no effect on radioimmunoassays for progesterone, testosterone, and thyroxine in serum, heparinized plasma, or edta-treated plasma. Addition of 100% (but not 33 or 67%) fat emulsion reduced the mean cortisol concentration in heparinized plasma by 12% (P < 0.05). This severe hyperlipemia did not affect quantification of cortisol in serum or edta-treated plasma.
Prevalence of calcium oxalate uroliths in Miniature Schnauzers
Authors: Lulich Jody P. , Osborne Carl A. , Unger Lisa K. , Sanna Jeffery , Clinton Chris W. , Davenport Marian P. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Epidemiologic data were evaluated from all dogs admitted to the University of Minnesota, Veterinary Teaching Hospital (UMVTH) between June 1981 and November 1989. Of 69,890 admissions, 2,077 were Miniature Schnauzers. Uroliths were retrieved from 63 of the 2,077 Miniature Schnauzers admitted. In 20 of the 63 urolith episodes, calcium oxalate was the predominant mineral identified. By comparison, calcium oxalate uroliths were identified in only 56 of the remaining 67,813 non-Miniature Schnauzer canine admissions. The odds that uroliths from Miniature Schnauzers were composed of calcium oxalate was 11.8 times greater than for other canine breeds evaluated at the UMVTH (95% confidence interval = 6.8 to 20.1).
Data also were evaluated from files of uroliths retrieved from dogs and submitted to the Minnesota Urolith Center for quantitative mineral analysis between June 1981 and November 1989. Of 3,930 uroliths analyzed, 615 (15.6%) uroliths were obtained from Miniature Schnauzers. Of the 615 uroliths, 175 (28.4%) were calcium oxalate. By comparison, only 550 (16.6%) of the remaining 3,315 from dogs of breeds other than Miniature Schnauzers were calcium oxalate. The odds that uroliths submitted for analysis were composed of calcium oxalate was 2 times greater for Miniature Schnauzers than for dogs of other breeds (95% confidence interval = 1.6 to 2.4).
Calcium oxalate uroliths were retrieved more frequently in males than females. The risk for males developing calcium oxalate uroliths was > 3 times the risk for females in both groups of data evaluated. The mean age of all Miniature Schnauzers admitted to the UMVTH with calcium oxalate uroliths was 9 years. Calcium oxalate uroliths were not detected in Miniature Schnauzers younger than 1.7 years.
Association of diarrhea in cattle with torovirus infections on farms
Authors: Koopmans M. , van Wuijckhuise-Sjouke L. , Schukken Y. H. , Cremers H. , Horzinek M. C. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
An epidemiologic survey was performed to determine the incidence of torovirus infections in 2 disease entities of cattle: diarrhea of replacement calves up to 2 months old, and winter dysentery of adult cattle. Samples were obtained from 187 diarrheal and 115 healthy calves from 15 farms, as well as 149 diarrheal and 67 healthy cows from 27 farms with or without winter dysentery. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for detection of torovirus, rotavirus, and coronavirus antigen in feces, and of torovirus and coronavirus antibodies in serum were used to monitor infections in these groups. Torovirus was detected in 9 of the 15 farms in the study, and in 6% of calves with diarrhea, which was significantly higher than in healthy calves (2%). Seroconversion to torovirus was found significantly more often after winter dysentery episodes than on farms without a disease history; coronavirus seroconversion was less common.
Hematologic values of captive Mexican wolves
Authors: Drag Marlene D. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Hematologic reference values were determined for a captive population of 11 Mexican wolves (Canis lupus baileyi). Wolf pups from 4 to 24 weeks old had progressive age-related increases in pcv, hemoglobin concentration, mean cell volume, and rbc counts similar to those seen in domestic dog pups (C familiaris). Hematologic indices in wolves older than 24 weeks were comparable to those of the adult domestic dog; however, pcv, hemoglobin concentration, and rbc counts were higher.
Antigen expression in canine tissues, recognized by a monoclonal antibody generated against canine melanoma cells
Authors: Oliver J. L. , Wolfe L. G. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
A murine hybridoma monoclonal antibody (mab), IBF9, was generated by fusing myeloma cells (P3X63Ag8.653) with spleen cells from a BALB/c mouse immunized with the canine melanoma cell line CML-10c7. Initial screening of hybridoma antibodies was performed by use of an indirect immunoperoxidase assay on formalin-fixed CML- 10c7 cells. The isotype of mab IBF9 was IgGl as determined by radial gel immunodiffusion. The antibody was tested for reactivity against a panel of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded normal and neoplastic canine tissues, using immunoperoxidase staining. Immunostaining was observed in melanomas (24 of 38), a few carcinomas, basal cell tumors, and cutaneous lymphosarcomas. Immunostaining was not observed in fibrosarcomas, hemangiosarcomas, hemangiopericytomas, or histiocytomas. Staining of normal adult canine tissues was limited to a few epithelial tissues and a small percentage of lymphocytes. Fetal tissues were not reactive with mab IBF9. There were statistically significant differences in frequency of reactivity among melanomas with regard to oral vs nonoral, malignant vs benign, and mitotic indices ≥ 1 vs mitotic indices < 1. Differences were not significant when tumors were compared for degree of pigmentation or histologic type.
On the basis of these findings, we suggest that mab IBF9 may be of assistance in diagnosis of nonpigmented melanomas and in assessing the malignant potential of melanomas.
Evaluation of metoclopramide hydrochloride as an aid for passage of a flexible endoscope into the duodenum of dogs
Authors: Monroe William E. , Leib Michael S. , Matz Michael E. , Davenport Deborah J. , Nelson Laura P. , Kenny James E. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
The purposes of this study were to evaluate the efficacy of metoclopramide to aid passage of a flexible endoscope into the duodenum of dogs, and to determine whether the effect of metoclopramide is dependent on dose. In a randomized, blinded, complete-block design, 6 healthy dogs were anesthetized, then each was given saline solution or 1 of 4 doses of metoclopramide on different days. The - ease of passage of a flexible, fiberoptic gastroscope through the pylorus was assessed independently by 3 endoscopists.
Administration of metoclopramide hydrochloride at a dosage of 0.4 mg/kg of body weight, iv, made passage of a flexible endoscope into the duodenum significantly (P= 0.009) more difficult than when, saline solution was administered; however, dosages of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.8 mg of metoclopramide/kg did not (P = 0.489, 0.842, and 0.092 respectively). It was concluded that metoclopramide did not facilitate, and at one dosage hindered, successful passage of a flexible endoscope into the duodenum of healthy dogs under the conditions of the study. Metoclopramide, therefore, cannot be recommended as an aid for passage of a flexible endoscope into the duodenum of dogs.
Rapid purification of a 110-kilodalton hemolysin of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae by monoclonal antibody-affinity chromatography
Authors: Ma Jianneng , Inzana Thomas J. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
An efficient, single-step method for purification of the 110-kilodalton (kDa) hemolysin of Actmobacillus pleuropneumoniae was developed. An immunoaffinity column was made by cross-linking murine monoclonal antibody 8C2 to the 110-kDa hemolysin of A pleuropneumoniae strain J45 serotype 5 to protein A-agarose beads. Purified hemolysin with high hemolytic activity was obtained after washing the column with phosphate-buffered saline solution, and eluting the hemolysin with 50 mM diethylamine, pH 11.0. The same column was also used to purify the hemolysin from A pleuropneumoniae strain 4074 serotype 1. The purification procedure could be completed within 5 hours, and almost 50% of the total hemolytic activity and hemolysin protein was recovered in pure form.
Comparison of the antibody response to transmissible gastroenteritis virus and porcine respiratory coronavirus, using monoclonal antibodies to antigenic sites A and X of the S glycoprotein
Authors: van Nieuwstadt A. P. , Boonstra J. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
Pigs were inoculated with various strains of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) or with porcine respiratory coronavirus (prcv), and antigenic site-specific antibody responses were compared.
A blocking-elisa was used to study to what extent antibodies in convalescent sera interfered with the binding of monoclonal antibodies (mab)57.16 or 57.110 to the attenuated tgev/Purdue virus. Monoclonal antibody 57.16 is directed against the A site on the peplomer, neutralizes virus, and recognizes tgev and prcv. Monoclonal antibody 57.110 is directed against the X site on the peplomer, but does not neutralize virus, and recognizes only tgev. Antibodies directed against tgev and prcv could be detected in a blocking elisa, using mab 57.16 as a conjugate. Antibodies directed against both viruses were detectable as early as 1 week after inoculation. Antibody titers correlated well with those in a virus-neutralization test. Antibodies against tgev could be detected in a blocking elisa, using mab 57.110 as a conjugate. Such antibodies were not induced by a prcv infection. In the blocking elisa, using mab 57.110 as a conjugate, antibodies were detectable as early as 2 weeks after inoculation. There was a significant difference between antibody titers reached after infection with various tgev strains, however. This difference is ascribed to a variation of the antigenic site defined by mab 57.110 in tgev strains.
Conditions for a differential test for TGE serodiagnosis, and for serologic discrimination between tgev- and prcv- infected pigs, are discussed. It is concluded that by using a blocking elisa with mab 57.110, no definite distinction can be made between antibodies directed against tgev and prcv, because low antibody titers develop after infection with some tgev strains, and because antibodies directed against antigenic sites that prcv has in common with tgev may interfere with the binding of mab 57.110 to tgev.
Biliary excretion as possible origin of Listeria monocytogenes in fecal carriers
Authors: Briones V. , Blanco M. M. , Marco A. , Prats N. , Fernández-Garayzábal J. F. , Suárez G. , Domingo M. , Domínguez L. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
The presence of Listeria monocytogenes in feces of animals has been related with ingestion of contaminated foods. In the study reported here, healthy mice inoculated SC with L monocytogenes excreted the organism in their feces, regardless of whether they developed clinical signs of infection. Listeria monocytogenes was isolated simultaneously from liver, feces, and bile of inoculated mice, which strongly suggested that the microorganism reached the gastrointestinal tract by biliary excretion.
Use of an indwelling bronchial catheter model of bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis for evaluation of therapeutic efficacy of various compounds
Authors: Paulsen Daniel B. , Corstvet Richard E. , McClure J. Raymond , Enright Fred M. , McBride Jere W. , McDonough Karen C. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
A model of bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis, using an indwelling bronchial catheter for inoculation and subsequent lavage of a single main stem bronchus of the lung, was evaluated in a preliminary efficacy trial of an experimental therapeutic compound. Inoculation of 107 Pasteurella haemolytica organisms into the bronchus consistently induced a focal pneumonic lesion with typical morphology of pneumonic pasteurellosis in the left or right caudal lung lobe. The experimental treatment caused significant (P < 0.05) reduction in lung lesion volume, compared with that of a saline-treated control. It also caused significant (P < 0.05) reduction in lavage fluid bacterial counts at 48 hours after inoculation, compared with counts in the controls. The inflammatory cell count and the percentage of neutrophils increased markedly in lavage fluids 8 hours after inoculation, but differences were not detected between treatments. Significant differences between treatments were not found in clinical signs, rectal temperature, or histologic changes. This model appears to be a sensitive indicator of treatment efficacy and has the advantage over previous models of pneumonic pasteurellosis of allowing sequential monitoring of the primary lesion site.
Evaluation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for diagnosis of trichinellosis in swine
Authors: van der Leek Martin L. , Dame John B. , Adams Carol L. , Gillis Karen D. , Littell Ramon C. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
Experimental and field trials were conducted to evaluate an elisa for its ability to detect Trichinella-infected domestic swine and to compare elisa results with muscle-digestion test results. The elisa used was a commercial double-antibody kit, containing an excretory-secretory antigen, and was evaluated principally for epidemiologic use. Experimentally induced infection in swine (4 groups of 3 pigs each; inoculated with 0, 50, 500 or 5,000 larvae) was detected as early as postinoculation week 4, with seroconversion of all inoculated swine by postinoculation week 8. The rate of seroconversion appeared to be affected by initial larval dose, time after inoculation, and immunocompetence of the individual host. Determination of antibody kinetics generally revealed rapidly increasing antibody titer, followed by its steady decrease in most pigs. Once seropositive, however, all pigs remained seropositive for the duration of the 10-week study. Presence of muscle larvae was confirmed in all infected pigs at termination of the study. We recognize that the experimental conditions may not be truly representative of those under which natural infection develops in pigs; however, the elisa detected an infected pig with muscle larval density of 0.87 larvae/g of tissue. Results of a field trial (n = 310) indicated no muscle digestion test-positive pigs (35 g of diaphragm muscle digested/pig), but 3 samples tested positive by elisa for specificity of 99.0%.
Genotypic screening of pseudorabies virus strains for thymidine kinase deletions by use of the polymerase chain reaction
Authors: Dangler Charles A. , Deaver Robin E. , Kolodziej Christine M. , Rupprecht Jennifer D. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
Genetic recombination between field strains and vaccine strains of pseudorabies virus (prv) has been suggested as a scenario that might arise from use of deletion-mutant modified-live vaccine strains, particularly those strains attenuated by deletions within the thymidine kinase (tk-) gene locus. To address this hypothesis experimentally, it is necessary to screen large numbers of prv isolates for their tk genotype. Techniques to detect the native tk genotype are routinely used in molecular virology laboratories, but are time-consuming. We adapted the polymerase chain reaction to define the genotypic status of prv isolates with regard to the presence or absence of deletions in the tk gene locus. Used in tandem with the existing glycoprotein-specific elisa that discriminate between prv-vaccinated and field strain-infected swine populations, the described technique may help to clarify whether vaccine-derived recombinants are generated under natural conditions and after normal vaccine usage.
Endotoxin-induced production of interleukin 6 by equine peritoneal macrophages in vitro
Authors: Morris Debra Deem , Crowe Natalie , Moore James N. , Moldawer Lyle L. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
A study was performed to determine whether equine peritoneal macrophages produce interleukin 6 (il-6) in vitro in response to endotoxin. Peritoneal fluid was collected from 14 clinically normal adult horses and was used as the source of peritoneal macrophages. Macrophages from each horse were isolated and cultured separately in vitro in the absence or presence of various concentrations (0.5, 5, or 500 ng/ml) of endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli 055:B5). Culture medium supernatants were collected after 3, 6, 12, and 24 hours’ incubation and were frozen at −70 C until assayed for il-6 activity. Supernatant il-6 activity was determined by use of a modified colorimetric assay and the murine hybridoma cell line B 13.29 clone B.9, which is dependent on il-6 for survival.
Results indicated that equine peritoneal macrophages produce il-6 in vitro and that supernatant medium il-6 activity was significantly (P < 0.05) increased by exposure to endotoxin. Significant (P < 0.05) time and treatment effects on macrophage il-6 production were apparent. The il-6 activity peaked at 6 or 12 hours’ incubation, then remained high through 24 hours’ incubation, regardless of endotoxin exposure. Medium il-6 activity during 3 and 6 hours’ incubation was significantly (P < 0.05) greater in macrophages exposed to 5 or 500 ng of endotoxin/ml than in those exposed to 0.5 ng of endotoxin/ml; however peak il-6 activity was similar among all endotoxin concentrations. Endotoxin concentration did not have an effect on medium il-6 activity from macrophages exposed to endotoxin for 12 or 24 hours.
Differential detection of infectious bursal disease virus serotypes, using cDNA probes to VP2 coding region
Authors: Kibenge Frederick S. B. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
Two nonoverlapping clones, pOH405 and pOH632, containing cdna inserts in the VP2 coding region of genome segment A were selected from a cdna library prepared from the double-stranded rna genome of the OH strain of infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) of serotype 2. Clone pOH405, which is located in the hypervariable segment of VP2, is 328 base pairs long, has nucleotide sequence homology of 72 to 73%, and amino acid sequence homology of 64 to 67% with ibdv strains of serotype 1. Clone pOH632, which is located in the highly conserved C-terminal part of VP2, is 230 base pairs long, has nucleotide sequence homology of 87 to 88%, and amino acid sequence homology of 100% with ibdv serotype 1. The lower detection limit of 32P-labeled probes prepared from both clones was 10 ng of OH-ibdv double-stranded rna, using high-stringency conditions of hybridization (54 C, 50% formamide) and washing (55 C, 0.015M NaCl, 0.0015M trisodium citrate, pH 7.0, with 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate), and autoradiography for 24 hours. Under these conditions, the dot-blot hybridization assay for detection of serotype 2 ibdv double-stranded rna was 1,000 times more sensitive, using probe pOH632, but only 10 times more sensitive, using probe pOH405, compared with the assay for ibdv serotype 1, using the same probes. Thus, probe pOH632 could differentiate between the 2 ibdv serotypes by nucleic acid hybridization.
Comparison of the effects of intragastric infusions of equal volumes of water, dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate, and magnesium sulfate on fecal composition and output in clinically normal horses
Authors: Freeman David E. , Ferrante Pamela L. , Palmer Jonathan E. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
A Latin square design was used to compare the effects of laxatives and a corresponding volume of water on gastrointestinal tract function in 4 healthy horses. Horses were intragastrically infused with each of the following: dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate (dss; 50 mg/kg of body weight); magnesium sulfate (0.5 g/kg—low dosage); magnesium sulfate (1.0 g/kg—high dosage); and an equal volume of water (6 L) given as a control infusion. From 5 to 33 hours after the high dosage of magnesium sulfate, feces were slightly softer than usual in all horses. In 1 horse, dss caused mild colic, hyperpnea, and diarrhea from 0.3 to 3 hours after administration. After all laxative treatments and the control infusion, fecal output, fecal water, number of defecations, and fecal water percentage were greater during the first 6 and 12 hours, compared with each subsequent 6-hour period (P < 0.05). The high dosage of magnesium sulfate had greater effect on fecal output and fecal water than did the low dosage and control infusion (P < 0.05). However, this effect preceded arrival of the liquid transit marker, polyethylene glycol, and magnesium at their highest concentrations in feces by 12 to 18 hours. Compared with the control infusion, none of the laxative treatments affected excretion of polyethylene glycol and plastic particulate markers, nor did they increase water consumption.
It was concluded that the response to intragastric infusions may involve reflex mechanisms in the gastrointestinal tract and that these responses could be used for treatment of colon impactions. Under conditions of this study, dss was not a sufficiently effective laxative to outweigh the risk of toxic effects at recommended doses. Although dss and the low dosage of magnesium sulfate may not provide a greater laxative effect than did an equal volume of water, the high dosage of magnesium sulfate should be more effective.