bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A simplified approach for energy system design in buildings and its application to a case study
Authors: Migliari L , Cau G , Cocco D , Tola V 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The present study proposes an easy-to-use procedure for the preliminary design of energy systems for existing buildings based on easily available consumption data. The approach is then applied to a case study represented by the Rector’s headquarter of the University of Cagliari. With the aim of analysing a complex case, the building has been chosen among those with unknown thermal and electrical load subdivision. The feasibility study and subsequent preliminary sizing of a Combined Heat and Power (CHP) system serving the building started through seasonal comparison of electricity consumption data, which also allowed for the subdivision of the building’s electrical and thermal loads and the definition of the electrical base load. The design of the cogeneration system was conducted through the analysis of the electric and thermal demand of the building with quarter-hour resolution, compared among different seasons. The application of the model to the case study allowed for a preliminary design and techno-economic feasibility assessment of implementing a Combined Cooling, Heating and Power (CCHP) system. Besides highlighting the valuable insights that can be obtained through observation and analysis of energy power curves, this paper presents energy indicators that can be utilized to populate benchmarks’ databases for comparable buildings.
To What Extent Is Aeroelasticity Impacting Multi-Megawatt Wind Turbine Upscaling? A Critical Assessment
Authors: Pagamonci L. , Papi F. , Balduzzi F. , Xie S. , Sadique J. , Scienza P. , Bianchini A. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Aeroelasticity is recognized as the key enabler that allowed for the massive upscaling of wind turbines in the last decade, leading to long, slender, and flexible blades that equip rotors with lower specific power and unprecedented energy conversion capabilities. In this study, a selection of case studies with increasing size, specifically the NREL 5 MW, the DTU 10 MW, and the IEA 15 MW Reference Wind Turbines (RWTs) is considered to explore to what extent aeroelastic effects impact the functioning of these rotors. The rotors are not only different in size, with the 15 MW having blades nearly double the length of its 5 MW predecessor, but also in technological level as they belong to different phases of wind turbine development. To evaluate how these machines interact with complex inflow conditions, equivalent boundary conditions have been considered for all simulations, including a realistic atmospheric boundary layer, atmospheric turbulence, and wind shear. To carry out the comparative study, a new aero-servo-elastic module called CALMA is introduced herein, by coupling the engineering software OpenFAST with the CFD software CONVERGE, which solves the wind field and provides inflow conditions for the calculation of loads. Results show how not only aeroelasticity increasingly affects the power performance of the new-generation rotors, but is also a key driver of structural design, for example allowing for an alleviation of 1P load variations due to a sheared and turbulent inflow, thus proving that the inclusion of aeroelasticity in the design process is a key enabler to current and future upscaling trends.
Behaviour of a tidal turbine system using a diffuser in waters characterized by low speeds and the presence of surface waves typical of the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Pucci Micol , Zanforlin Stefania , Conte Valerio Maiorino , Saccardi Alessandro 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The exploitation of the kinetic energy of the Mediterranean Sea tidal currents is hindered by low speed values. Therefore, it is useful to investigate methods for accelerating the flow to increase both the power generated by the single machine and the specific power, i.e. related to a certain sea surface. The aim of the study is predicting the power gain achievable by means of a diffuser in very low speed conditions and also to analyse the behaviour of the diffuser in the presence of small amplitude and high frequency surface waves, typical of the Mediterranean. Using 3D CFD simulations we predicted the performance of a system of 2 counter-rotating turbines, coupled side-by-side, equipped with a symmetrical convergent-divergent diffuser. The fluid dynamic interaction with the rotating blades is just mimicked by adopting the momentum source low-order approach, that in our case is based on the Virtual Blade Model (VBM). The diffuser not only enables more than doubled power output, but also dampens the relative fluctuation of torque in case of very low wave amplitude; however, in case of significant amplitudes the turbine angular speed needs to be increased in order to avoid stall, and therefore to preserve the blade structural integrity.
Bell-Metha Power Augmented Savonius turbine as Take-off in OWC Systems
Authors: Brusca Sebastian , Galvagno Antonio , Mauro Stefano , Messina Michele , Lanzafame Rosario 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The present paper deals with the study of ducted Savonius turbine performance to be used as power take-off in oscillating water column systems equipped with a power booster. Two converging sections with a Bell-Metha profile have been used to increase the mass flow rate on the active side of the turbine while masking the resistant part. The Bell-Metha profile was chosen with the aim of reducing vortices immediately upstream of the turbine, avoiding both disturbance and energy loss. A laboratory scale Savonius turbine with a diameter of 0.09 m with an aspect ratio of 1 and an overlap ratio of 1/3 was tested. Performance was tested using a laboratory scale oscillating flow simulator. All tests were performed at fixed air velocity of 5 m/s. Based on the results, it is possible to state that ducted turbine with power augmenter performance is higher than plain ducted turbine ones, at all tip speed ratios.
Climatic change mitigation: analysis of electrical fans usage impact on dwellers heat stress
Authors: Manzan M , Ramezani A , Stella A Buoite 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Climate change is responsible for a consistent increase in ambient temperatures, leading to social and health problems for individuals residing indoors. The effect should be seriously considered by authorities, especially regarding people’s health; high temperatures can be very dangerous for elder people and in general for vulnerable categories. Mitigation approaches are important in case of heat waves that are expected to increase in frequency and intensity due to climatic change effects. One approach for avoiding such a problem is to install cooling systems, but sometimes this isn’t a viable solution, for example in case of low-income families which cannot afford the expense for the installation and the bill costs for running such systems. An alternative solution is using electric ventilators and the main objective of this paper is to revise the effect of electric fans and assess if they can be useful for mitigating the heat effect on people inside buildings. The results showed that the number of hours with people exposed to heat strain, in the worst-case scenario, dropped from 168 without a fan to 13 with an active fan, confirming the positive effect of this system.
Comparison of Desalination Technologies and Assessment of Their Sustainability
Authors: Chebli Hiba , Fornarelli Francesco , Bellantuono Nicola 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Water scarcity is a major issue in socioeconomic progress and a threat to livelihood. Overexploitation of freshwater resources threatens food security and sustainable water usage. Countries, therefore, are looking for new ways to ensure the long-term availability of drinking water sources, among which desalination has a prominent role. Several desalination technologies have been proposed during the last decade, which can be classified into two primary categories, i.e. thermal technologies, and membrane technologies. The former include Multi-Stages Flash distillation (MSF), Multi-Effect Distillation (MED), and Mechanical Vapor Compression (MVC), whereas the membrane technologies include Reverse Osmosis (RO), Electrodialysis (ED), and Forward Osmosis (FO). However, all these technologies are energy-intensive and can have significant environmental impacts. In this context, sustainable desalination technologies, such as solar desalination, are essential in solving this issue. The main objective of this paper is to compare the different desalination technologies based on their environmental, technical, and economic aspect. Based on the results, when considering energy consumption, water cost, and carbon dioxide emissions, membrane technology is the most promising option. However, thermal desalination technologies, particularly MED, coupled with Solar energy are technically more interesting compared to the RO.
Supercritical carbon dioxide recovery system applied to cement industries
Authors: Cevolani G , Giovannelli A , Messina G 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The paper addresses the potential heat-to-power application of supercritical CO2 (sCO2) plants to the cement industry, thereby reducing their electricity demand and improving energy efficiency. The research was conducted as part of the European project CO2OLHEAT (G.A. 101022831), which involves the installation of a 2 MW Waste-Heat-to-Power (WH2P) skid based on a sCO2 cycle in a cement plant, the first of its kind with a MW-scale power output. The paper summarizes technologies and processes employed in the Italian cement production sector, detecting where the waste heat can be successfully extracted to feed the recovery plant without compromising the industrial process. Moreover, the paper discusses the national cement market and explores the potential advantages and limitations of integrating sCO2 recovery plants within the national cement context, considering production and energy-related data. The final finding reveals the percentage of recoverable electricity per technological class for the cement production sector in Italy with a potential application of the sCO2 recovery plant, aiming at identifying the potential market penetration of the CO2OLHEAT installation.
Numerical verification of the condenser finite volume model
Authors: Giovannini Michael , Lorenzini Marco 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Numerical modelling of vapour compression systems is very useful for performance optimization through the implementation of suitable model-based control applications; in this context the heat exchangers are the most challenging component to devise, due to phase transition and ensuing discontinuities of the physical properties, and one tool which has proven itself suitable for the task is the finite volume method. A numerical verification of a finite volume model of a brazed plate condenser in counterflow arrangement is carried out, employing a fixed timestep solver; some useful guidelines are suggested to properly choose the solver order, the integration step size and the number of grid elements, balancing the accuracy of the predictions with computational time and model stability and flexibility during the transients, with the ultimate goal to provide a model suited for real-time simulations and control-oriented applications.
A Numerical Investigation on Laminar Flame Speed of Syngas in Air with Ozone Addition
Authors: D’Amato Marco , Magi Vinicio , Viggiano Annarita 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In the context of energy and propulsion systems, in recent years engineering research has increased its efforts to develop more efficient technologies with a lower environmental impact. Specifically, new combustion systems have been investigated, such as ultra-lean combustion and Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) combustion, and sustainable fuels have been employed. With respect to the latter option, syngas and hydrogen have emerged as attractive choices. However, the low specific energy of syngas and the presence of diluents can cause flame failure and instability. On the other hand, it is well known that ozone-assisted combustion enhances the Laminar Flame Speed (LFS), reduces the ignition delay time, and improves the flame stabilization of fuels such as methane, n-heptane and iso-octane, since it affects the chemistry in the Low Temperature Combustion (LTC) regime. In this context, the aim of the present work is to evaluate the effect of ozone on the LFS of syngas/ozone/air mixtures. Specifically, 1-D simulations have been carried out to compute the LFS of CO/H2
and CO/H2/N2
syngas mixtures. The model has been validated against experimental data available in the scientific literature by considering four different reaction mechanisms. Then, the model has been used to perform a parametric analysis by considering different conditions in terms of syngas composition (three different CO/H2
ratios) and equivalence ratio (from 0.5 to 5). The results show that the addition of 2500 ppm of ozone in air results in an increase in LFS for all equivalence ratios examined. The four different mechanisms give comparable results in terms of LFS and LFS increase for CO/H2
syngas, and are also able to predict ozone effect on LFS enhancement for CO/H2/N2
mixtures. Finally, the results show that the influence of ozone, in terms of LFS percentage increase, is greater for CO/H2
ultra lean mixtures with a lower CO/H2
ratio.
Improving the energy performance of healthcare buildings: a case study
Authors: Grignaffini L. , Grignaffini S. , Vallati A. , Romagna M. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The energy issue due to dependence on fossil fuels, pollution, and problems due to climate change are closely related issues. To address them, in recent years, solutions are being studied that provide for different methodologies that exploit alternative sources and technologies capable of reducing the environmental impact. One of the sectors most affected by the problem linked to environmental sustainability is the building sector, as can be read in the European Union directive 91 of 2002: “the energy used in the residential, healthcare and service sectors, made up for the most part of buildings, represents more than 40% of the total energy consumption”. To reduce the environmental load due to construction, it is necessary to study the energy performance of buildings, understand their critical issues and improve their efficiency using systems that exploit renewable energy sources and new construction techniques. In this study, a methodology will be developed to analyse the plant and energy characteristics of healthcare facilities, referring to the “target” buildings of a healthcare complex of Central Italy that will be used as a case study, highlighting all the problems and critical issues. Solutions will be proposed to improve the energy performance of the healthcare buildings, indicating the interventions to be implemented.
A preliminary analysis of the potential reduction of CO2 emissions by using high temperature heat pumps in residential buildings in Italy
Authors: Mongelli D C , Carnieletto L , De Carli M , Busato F 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The present research aims to provide an innovative contribution to the reduction of fossil fuels and the consequent reduction of CO2eq emissions for each Italian region. Simulations have been carried out to replace space heating boilers supplied with fossil fuels with air to water heat pumps, when the environmental conditions (external temperature, temperature of the water in the emission systems, etc. ) allow it. In order to estimate the potential covering of high temperature heat pumps in Italy energy profiles of buildings have been considered together with the potential COP of heat pumps working with variable climatic control supply temperature. The potential electrification for buildings’ space heating has been estimated subdividing Italy into 21 territorial units. The work has shown that 83% of heating energy which can be covered by the heat pumps in Milan and almost 100% in Lecce. Overall, in Italy 146 TWh of current energy consumed by fossil fuels could be covered by heat pumps; at the same time 45 TWh of electric energy has to be generated to drive the heat pumps.
A numerical study on thermal control of batteries by phase change materials with liquid cooling
Authors: Arumugam A , Buonomo B , D’Arienzo C , Romano P , Manca O 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The thermal control of the battery system concerns about reduction in heat generation during the operation of battery and the limitations of the vehicles due to the external climatic factors. This study focuses on the attempt to control the battery from external climatic factors and temperature peaks during its operation by the principle of passive thermal management system using phase-change material. A numerical investigation of a three-dimensional model for a cylindrical lithium-polymer battery as a single module is done. The thermal control is realized by a phase-change material for a battery placed inside a parallelopiped and cooled by convective tubes placed at constant temperature and the surface of the module is considered as adiabatic. The governing equations are solved using the Finite Volume method using Ansys-Fluent. The investigation involves 3 different C-rates for two different phase change materials. The results analyse the maximum temperature, temperature distribution and liquid fraction fields for the different cases. The obtained results indicated that for the two different PCM materials namely RT25HC and RT35HC used for the cooling of the batteries the maximum temperature reached by battery and the average temperature of the PCM materials used was observed to be higher in RT35HC.
Modelling of a Gerotor pump including the evaluation of the micro-movements of the external gear
Authors: Totaro G , Zardin B , Borghi M , Scolari F 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Gerotor pumps are positive displacement pumps used in many applications thanks to their compact size and low cost. On the other side the efficiency of the machine is not so brilliant. In order to study design modifications to decrease energy consumption, a lumped parameter model is a useful tool since it allows predicting and enhancing pump performance. This type of model can be used, once complete, to analyse various phenomena such as cavitation, the chambers’ pressure transient, the flow and pressure ripple, the leakages, and the noise emissions. This work presents a lumped parameter model for the analysis of a Gerotor pump, including the evaluation of the micro movements of the external gear. These micro-movements potentially affect the gap geometry at the internal gear tooth tips and have an impact on the pump’s performance. We modelled the behaviour of the external gear as a journal bearing under dynamic load and then we compared various methods to solve the problem and to find the most suitable method to be coupled with the lumped parameters model of the pump. We incorporated the methods into our global model and evaluated their performance in terms of accuracy and required computational times. The results obtained and the impact on the teeth gaps geometry are finally compared and discussed.
Application of a hydraulic gas bladder suppressor for pressure ripple reduction in gear pumps
Authors: Casoli Paolo , Vescovini Carlo Maria 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Gear pumps are widely employed in hydraulic circuit but they carry the major drawback represented by the pulsating flow they produce. To improve the capability of the pump to produce a clean and smooth flow rate, many methods have been investigated over time: from the optimization of pump features itself to the introduction of additional systems on the pump delivery side. One system that has demonstrated to be particularly effective is the in-line bladder hydraulic pulsation suppressor, which is part of the passive systems category. This device consists of a bladder gas accumulator with a particularly clever geometry and is the focus of many studies. The study illustrated in this paper has the aim of proposing a lumped parameter model capable of predicting the hydraulic suppressor ripple reduction performance. To test the actual performance of the suppressor and validate the lumped parameter model, an experimental study was conducted, which demonstrated the good effectiveness of device, while a good agreement between modeling results and experimental data was obtained.
Analysis of Flow Rate Distribution in Progressive Divider for Reciprocating Compressor Lubrication
Authors: Benedetti I , Chiavola O , Palmieri F , Tundo L 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Reciprocating compressors require a correct fluid delivery to each lubrication point. Lubricant defeat means higher component wear and damages, whereas lubricant excess leads to undesired contamination of the processed gas, energy waste and ambient pollution. Two main lubrication systems are used for reciprocating compressors, namely “Pump To Point” (PTP) and “Progressive Divider” (PD) systems. In the first one, there are as many pumps as lubrication points and on each pump unit it is possible to adjust the flow rate delivery. In the second one, a single pump delivers the lubricant to a volumetric flow divider, which provides the metered amount to each lubrication point. A Progressive Divider is modelled under lumped parameter approach, with the aim to highlight its sensitivity to the main operating parameters and to provide awareness about its available operating range. The model is built in Amesim environment and validated thanks to a specific experimental activity that allows to relate the distributed amounts to the lubrication points. The model allows to simulate the PD system under the typical conditions of reciprocating compressors, pointing out its sensitivity on the pressure unbalance among the lubrication points and on the fluid properties. The lumped parameter modelling of PD systems is found to provide reliable information on fluid distribution, effective for design and diagnose activities and for research and development in the field of hydraulic progressive dividers.
Thermal Energy Storage technologies for the optimal management of metal hydride hydrogen storage systems
Authors: Barberis Stefano , Rivarolo Massimo , Sorce Alessandro 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Hydrogen is an excellent energy carrier that could enable the energy transition, however, storing it in a proper and effective way is one of hydrogen key issues. Storing hydrogen via metal hydrides (MH) can be considered a potential solution to avoid problems (safety, pressurization/liquefaction costs) related to conventional storage systems. A thermal energy storage could be coupled to the MH one, to store the heat obtained from the hydrogen absorption reaction and subsequently to release it to start and support the desorption reaction. This technology allows not to use external sources of heat or of compression, guaranteeing significant energy savings. In this work a MH hydrogen storage system (coupled to a 1 MW electrolyser used in an industrial use case) is studied, focusing on its thermal management supported by a Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage (LTES) via Phase Change Materials (PCM). The study analyses three different metal hydrides, namely LaNi5, TiFe, TiMn1.5, and phase change materials produced by Rubitherm® Technologies GmbH. A model representing a specific electrolyser case study is then built up, enabling the evaluation of the hourly behaviour of the integrated system, the sizing of the thermal energy storage and to conduct a sensitivity analysis towards the identification of most relevant geometry parameters which affect the techno-economic performances of the system, whose are reported in the concluding part of the paper.