bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variations of Interstellar Gas-to-dust Ratios at High Galactic Latitudes
Authors: Shull J. Michael , Panopoulou Georgia V. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Interstellar dust at high Galactic latitudes can influence astronomical foreground subtraction, produce diffuse scattered light, and soften the UV spectra of quasars. In a sample of 94 sight lines toward quasars at high latitude and low extinction, we evaluate the interstellar “gas-to-dust ratio” N
H/E(B − V), using hydrogen column densities (H i and H2) and far-IR (FIR) estimates of dust reddening. In the Galactic plane, this ratio is 6.0 ± 0.2 (in units of 1021 cm−2 mag−1). On average, recent Planck estimates of E(B − V) in low-reddening sight lines are 12% higher than those from Schlafly & Finkbeiner, and N
H I exhibits significant variations when measured at different radio telescopes. In a sample of 51 quasars with measurements of both H i and H2 and 0.01 ≤ E(B − V) ≲ 0.1, we find mean ratios 10.3 ± 0.4 (gas at all velocities) and 9.2 ± 0.3 (low-velocity only) using Planck E(B − V) data. High-latitude H2 fractions are generally small (2%–3% on average), although nine of 39 sight lines at ∣b∣ ≥ 40° have f
H2 of 1%–17%. Because FIR-inferred E(B − V) is sensitive to modeled dust temperature T

d
and emissivity index β, gas-to-dust ratios have large, asymmetric errors at low E(B − V). The ratios are elevated in sight lines with high-velocity clouds, which contribute N
H but little reddening. In Complex C, the ratio decreases by 40% when high-velocity gas is excluded. Decreases in dust content are expected in low-metallicity gas above the Galactic plane, resulting from grain destruction in shocks, settling to the disk, and thermal sputtering in hot halo gas.
Mapping a Lower Limit on the Mass Fraction of the Cold Neutral Medium Using Fourier-transformed H i 21 cm Emission Line Spectra: Application to the DRAO Deep Field from DHIGLS and the HI4PI Survey
Authors: Marchal Antoine , Martin Peter G. , Miville-Deschênes Marc-Antoine , McClure-Griffiths Naomi M. , Lynn Callum , Bracco Andrea , Vujeva Luka 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We develop a new method for spatially mapping a lower limit on the mass fraction of the cold neutral medium by analyzing the amplitude structure of

T

ˆ

b

(

k

v

)

, the Fourier transform of T

b
(v), the spectrum of the brightness temperature of the H i 21 cm line emission with respect to the radial velocity v. This advances a broader effort exploiting 21 cm emission line data alone (without absorption line data, τ) to extract integrated properties of the multiphase structure of the H i gas and to map each phase separately. Using toy models, we illustrate the origin of interference patterns seen in

T

ˆ

b

(

k

v

)

. Building on this, a lower limit on the cold gas mass fraction is obtained from the amplitude of

T

ˆ

b

at high k

v
. Tested on a numerical simulation of thermally bi-stable turbulence, the lower limit from this method has a strong linear correlation with the “true” cold gas mass fraction from the simulation for a relatively low cold gas mass fraction. At a higher mass fraction, our lower limit is lower than the “true” value, because of a combination of interference and opacity effects. Comparison with absorption surveys shows a similar behavior, with a departure from linear correlation at N
H I ≳ 3–5 × 1020 cm−2. Application to the DRAO Deep Field from DHIGLS reveals a complex network of cold filaments in the Spider, an important structural property of the thermal condensation of the H i gas. Application to the HI4PI survey in the velocity range −90 < v < 90 km s−1 produces a full sky map of a lower limit on the mass fraction of the cold neutral medium at 16.′2 resolution. Our new method has the ability to extract a lower limit on the cold gas mass fraction for massive amounts of emission line data alone with low computing time and memory, pointing the way to new approaches suitable for the new generation of radio interferometers.
Filament Eruption from Active Region 13283 Leading to a Fast Halo-CME and an Intense Geomagnetic Storm on 2023 April 23
Authors: Vemareddy P. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Using multi-instrument and multiwavelength observations, we studied a coronal mass ejection (CME) that led to an intense geomagnetic storm on 2023 April 23. The eruption occurred on April 21 in solar active region (AR) 13283 near the disk center. The AR was in its decay stage, with fragmented polarities and a preexisting long filament channel a few days before the eruption. The study of the magnetic field evolution suggests that the flux rope (filament) was built up by monotonous helicity accumulation over several days, and furthermore, converging and canceling fluxes led to a change in helicity injection, resulting in an unstable nature of the magnetic flux rope (MFR) and its further eruption. Importantly, the CME morphology revealed that the MFR apex underwent a rotation of up to 56° in clockwise direction owing to its positive helicity. The CME decelerates in the field of view (FOV) of the Large Angle Spectrometric Coronagraph and has a plane-of-sky velocity of 1226 km s−1 at 20 R
⊙. In the FOV of the Heliospheric Imager, the lateral expansion of the CME is tracked better than the earthward motion. This implies that the arrival time is difficult to assess. The in situ arrival of the interplanetary CME shock was at 07:30 UT on April 23, and a geomagnetic storm commenced at 08:30 UT. The flux rope fitting to the in situ magnetic field observations reveals that the magnetic cloud flux rope orientation is consistent with its near-Sun orientation, which has a strong negative Bz-component. The analysis of this study indicates that the near-Sun rotation of the filament during its eruption to the CME is the key to the negative Bz-component and consequently the intense geomagnetic storm.
Evaluation of Macular Neurovasculature and Choroidal Blood Flow Following Inferior Oblique Myectomy Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography
Authors: Hashemi Javaheri Zeinab , Sabermoghaddam Ali Akbar , Abrishami Mojtaba , Kiarudi Mohammad Yaser , Motamed Shariati Mehrdad 
Published: January 2024

Purpose:
To evaluate the short-term effects of inferior oblique myectomy on the retinal neurovasculature, choroidal thickness, and choroidal vascularity index at the macula.

Methods:
Patients older than 5 years who were candidates for inferior oblique muscle myectomy surgery participated in the study. Patients with any systemic or ocular disease that could affect the macular neurovasculature were not included in the study. After recording demographic data, including age and gender, and conducting a complete ophthalmic examination, macular optical coherence tomography (OCT), enhanced depth imaging OCT, and OCT angiography imaging (AngioVue software (V.2017.1.0.151; Optovue, Inc) were performed before (1 day to 1 week) and in the specific time intervals (1 week, 1 month, and 3 months) after the surgery for all participants.

Results:

Eighteen patients (13 male and 5 female) who underwent inferior oblique muscle myectomy, with a mean ± standard deviation age of 24.22 ± 18.14 years, were included in this study. The baseline mean ± standard deviation of subfoveal choroidal luminal area and subfoveal total choroidal area were 0.390 ± 0.03 and 0.539 ± 0.04 mm
2
, respectively. The changing pattern of the subfoveal choroidal vascularity index and subfoveal choroidal luminal area was statistically significant (
P
= .013 and .035, respectively).

Conclusions:
Inferior oblique myectomy can lead to changes in choroid hemodynamics in the short term. However, these changes seem to be temporary.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2024;61(4):235–244.]
Essai sur l’enseignement de géographie sociale
Authors: Hérin Robert 
Published: January 2024

À partir des années 1970-1980, la didactique de la géographie a suscité en France de nombreuses recherches. C’est à partir de ces mêmes années que la géographie sociale s’est affirmée comme courant de pensée et manière nouvelle d’être géographe, mais sans que soit développée une réflexion collective sur son enseignement. Dans cet essai, on se propose de définir des objectifs pour l’enseignement de la géographie sociale et l’on s’interroge sur les possibles spécificités des méthodes de cet enseignement. En fait c’est plus par le choix des thèmes, le déroulement de la démarche pédagogique et la volonté de contribuer à former l’esprit critique et les comportements civiques des élèves que peut se distinguer l’enseignement de la géographie sociale.
Les enjeux de la périurbanisation
Authors: Rougé Lionel 
Published: January 2024

La périurbanisation est souvent appréciée en France comme un avancement des espaces urbanisés sur des espaces agricoles ou boisés avec pour objet la maison individuelle. Ce processus doit cependant beaucoup aux politiques du logement qui ont, surtout depuis 1977, favorisé l’accession à la propriété et la démocratisation de la voiture individuelle. Toutefois, à cette dynamique morphologique se surajoute une dimension sociale puisque la progression de ces espaces traduit également un processus de différenciation sociale et fonctionnelle induisant une mobilité, elle aussi individuelle, nécessitant le développement toujours plus conséquent d’infrastructures. Ces espaces se sont aujourd’hui, pour une partie d’entre eux, autonomisés. Dans le même temps, ce processus se poursuit par l’étalement de l’urbain et l’émiettement, incorporant toujours par métissage de nouveaux espaces ruraux. Si le peuplement de ces espaces périurbains est le fait d’une large couche moyenne, il n’en est pas moins gouverné par des logiques de fragmentation et de classement dessinant une marqueterie sociale en lien avec l’histoire et la géographie de chaque aire urbaine. Il participe également à la recomposition des ségrégations et des polarisations sociales à toutes les échelles – de l’aire urbaine au lotissement en passant par la commune. Mais ces espaces périurbains sont aussi devenus des lieux de résidence de couches sociales plus modestes. Pour ces familles, rencontrées dans un « envers du décor » périurbain, l’accession à la propriété peut parfois devenir un piège. Pour elles, le décalage est en tout cas important entre des aspirations proches de celles de la « classe moyenne » et les difficultés à les réaliser. Les espaces périurbains, même les plus dévalorisés, semblent animés d’une capacité de résilience et d’innovation qui, si elle nuance les discours d’opprobres et de non-durabilité à leur égard, pose des questions sur les logiques d’organisation à l’œuvre.
Conclusion : comment pourrions-nous ne pas nous dire géographes sociaux ?
Authors: Cerreti Claudio 
Published: January 2024

Cette intervention n’a pas pour but de conclure la comparaison franco-italienne recueillie dans ce volume, mais seulement d’exposer quelques considérations et pistes de réflexion a posteriori. Avant tout, l’histoire différente de la géographie sociale en France et en Italie. En Italie, pendant longtemps, l’appellation n’a presque pas eu de succès : les thèmes et les objectifs analogues à ceux pratiqués par la géographie sociale française étaient traités au sein de la géographie humaine et de ses composantes. Cette absence pourrait être le résultat d’un contrôle plus strict exercé par la communauté des géographes italiens. La géographie sociale française, qui commence à être pratiquée à partir des années 1970 parallèlement à la géographie humaine classique, pourrait toutefois trouver un équivalent dans le groupe italien de « Géographie démocratique ». Le caractère épistémologique fondamental de la géographie sociale, en d’autres termes, la priorité du social sur le spatial, risque désormais de ne plus être un caractère spécifique, dans la mesure où cette priorité est insérée dans tous les discours géographiques contemporains. Malgré cela, une géographie sociale semble conserver une raison précise d’exister, et quelques acquisitions ou propositions récentes lui confèrent des perspectives substantielles, tels l’emploi du concept de territoire comme instrument d’analyse et la référence aux dynamiques sociétales. Enfin, de la géographie sociale française vient un exemple d’« engagement » du géographe en tant qu’intellectuel, qui confère un sens précis et incontournable à son activité de recherche.
Pro-fertility effect of Ficus carica fruit extract in streptozotocin-induced male rats
Authors: Mahanem Mat Noor , Puvaratnesh Subramaniam , Umarqayum AbuBakar , Nadia Shamsusah A 
Published: January 2024

Objective:
To explore the impact of Ficus carica fruit aqueous extract on fertility parameters in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced male rats.

Methods:
Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four different groups. All groups except a normal control group were induced with 50 mg/kg of streptozotocin (STZ) intravenously to induce diabetes. A positive control group was treated with an antidiabetic drug, metformin (500 mg/kg) whereas a negative control group remained untreated throughout the experiment. Meanwhile, another diabetic rat group received treatment with 400 mg/kg of aqueous Ficus carica fruit extract. Rats in the treatment group were administered Ficus carica fruit aqueous extract daily through force-feeding via oral gavage for a 21-day period. Assessments included the sperm quality (count, motility and morphology), histology of the testes, serum testosterone and fasting blood glucose (FBG) level.

Results:
The FBG level of the Ficus carica-treated rats exhibited a significant decrease compared to the negative control group (P<0.05). Sperm quality analysis also indicated that the aqueous Ficus carica extract had significant positive effects on sperm count and motility (P<0.05). The histology of the testes in Ficus carica- treated rats revealed an improved cell arrangement in the germinal cell layer. Furthermore, serum testosterone level showed an increment in the Ficus carica treatment group in comparison to the negative control group.

Conclusions:
Our findings provide compelling evidence for the pro-fertility and anti-hyperglycemic properties of aqueous Ficus carica fruit extract in diabetic-induced male rats.
Subsequent pregnancy outcomes and fertility rates in the case series that underwent bilateral hypogastric artery ligation (BHGAL) due to severe postpartum hemorrhage
Authors: Gulcan OKUTUCU , Mehmet S EVSEN , Nurullah PEKER , Senem YAMAN TUNC , Mehmet S ICEN 
Published: January 2024

Objective:
To evaluate the effect of bilateral hypogastric artery ligation (BHGAL) on women's pregnancy outcomes and fertility rates in cases with severe postpartum hemorrhage.

Methods:
Patients hospitalized in a tertiary care center between 2007 and 2018 were included in the study. The records of cases were obtained from the hospital database, retrospectively. Maternal demographic data, morbidities or complications associated with BHGAL surgery, any additional haemostatic interventional or surgical procedures, preoperative admission and lowest postoperative haematocrit-hemoglobin values, blood products given, type of anaesthesia, intensive care unit (ICU) and length of hospital stay were recorded. In cases without surgical sterilization, future fertility and subsequent pregnancy outcomes were assessed for at least two years after operation. Information was obtained through face-to-face or telephone interviews with patients whose long-term fertility and subsequent pregnancy outcomes were assessed.

Results:
Sixty-eight patients with BHGAL surgery history were included in the study. 26 Of 37 cases (70%) that did not undergo surgical sterilization had a desire for pregnancy after the surgery. Six of these cases (23%) were diagnosed with secondary infertility. The fertility rate of these cases was 77%, and subsequent pregnancy was detected in 20 women. A total of 25 pregnancies, including first and second pregnancies, developed, and 15 of these pregnancies resulted in term delivery, six preterm births, one stillbirth, and three abortions.

Conclusions:
The postoperative pregnancy rate was found to be higher than the rate of women with infertility problems, and this surgery does not seem to adversely affect pregnancy outcomes. This is a tertiary center experience and cohort studies with large patient series are needed.
Natural course of non-center-involving diabetic macular edema progression in patients under initial observation
Authors: Pradhana Divya , Priya N Swathi , Manayath George J , Kulkarni Sucheta , Behera Umesh C , Agarwal Tushar , Agarwal Manisha , Shah Shalin , Giridhar A , Surya Janani , Ramasamy Kim , Vignesh TP , Shoba Sivaprasad , Bhende Muna , Raman Rajiv 
Published: January 2024

Purpose:
We aim to report the natural course of non-center involving diabetic macular edema (NCIDME) progression to center involving diabetic macular edema (CIDME) and associated risk factors.

Methods:
This is a multicenter retrospective comparative study. Data was collected from electronic medical records from 8 centers in India covering. We included patients with type 2 diabetes above 18 years of age with treatment-naïve NCIDME on OCT and best-corrected visual acuity at baseline of 6/12 or better who were under observation for NCIDME and had 2 years follow-up data.

Results:
Out of 72 patients with NCIDME, 26.38% patients progressed to CI DME by 2 years, and the visit wise proportion was 11.11% at 6 months, 7% at 1st year and 8.3% at 2 years. The change in CST was statistically significant at 2 years in patients who developed CIDME, the mean difference was 137.73 ± 48.56 microns p = 0.045. Duration of diabetes mellitus > 10 years was the only risk factor for conversion to CIDME.

Conclusion:
A quarter of eyes with NCIDME developed CIDME and 15% progressed from NPDR to PDR by 2 years, highlighting the disease burden in these patients with NCIDME.
CLIMA FAMILIAR, HABILIDADES SOCIALES Y CONDUCTAS ANTISOCIALES EN ADOLESCENTES DE HUANCAYO
Authors: Salcedo-Ramón Henry Ángel 
Published: January 2024

Los conflictos en la familia son una manifestación constante y se vincula con el cumplimiento del rol educador que esta entidad posee, originando un determinado funcionamiento comportamental en los adolescentes. En esa dirección, la investigación buscó determinar la influencia del clima social familiar sobre las habilidades sociales, subsecuentemente sobre las conductas antisociales – delictivas en adolescentes de Huancayo. Para ello, se aplicó un método hipotético-deductivo, de diseño no experimental, explicativo, transversal, con variables latentes, la muestra estuvo constituida por 954 adolescentes de 7 colegios de la ciudad de Huancayo de 12 a 18 años de edad. Para el recojo de información se aplicó la Escala de Clima Social Familiar, la Lista de Evaluación de Habilidades Sociales y la Escala de Conductas Antisocial A-D, instrumentos que demostraron evidencia de validez basada en el contenido (Juicio de expertos – V de Aiken) y estructura interna (AFC). Los resultados expresan que el modelo teórico propuesto presenta un ajuste adecuado, excluyendo la variable de conductas delictivas (CFI=.961; TLI=.951; RMSEA=.075; SRMR=.052; AIC=10796.757; BIC=10884.514). Por ello, se concluye que el clima social familiar influye directamente sobre las habilidades sociales (β=.66; r2=.430), y esta última, influye inversamente sobre las conductas antisociales (β=-.82; r2=.674; f2=2.07) en adolescentes de la ciudad de Huancayo.
LA IMPORTANCIA DEL LIDERAZGO EN LA GESTIÓN EMPRESARIAL
Authors: Díaz Mazabel Susana Beatriz 
Published: January 2024

El ensayo trata sobre el liderazgo y su relación con la estrategia empresarial. El autor argumenta que los líderes pueden nacer con habilidades innatas, pero también pueden desarrollarlas a lo largo del tiempo. Además, un gerente que es líder debe ser ético, tener una visión clara del futuro y guiar a sus seguidores sin ser egoísta. Las escuelas de negocios desempeñan un papel importante en la formación de líderes, ya que brindan herramientas necesarias para ejercer el liderazgo, como el análisis del entorno, el manejo y persuasión de grupos humanos, y el planteamiento de escenarios para entornos laborales. El autor también destaca la importancia de las buenas prácticas y la empatía en el liderazgo. En resumen, el liderazgo responsable en la gestión empresarial implica tener una visión completa del mundo, encuadrado valores y un pensamiento estratégico que enfrente los cambios además de orientar a la organización a crear valor económico y social sostenible.
Assessment of credit risk management practice in Dashen Bank
Authors: Gebreab Fitsum Tsegaye , Tekle Kiflu Chekole 
Published: January 2024

Financial stress is affecting all types of businesses across industries, but it particularly affects banks because they are a major source of capital and taking risk is an essential and unavoidable part of the banking business. Indeed, taking risk is embedded with reward, and financial crises have become a serious problem for the world in recent years. These papers evaluate Dashen Bank's approach to credit risk management. This study's primary objective is to evaluate Dashen Bank's credit risk management practices and determine how they are managed. Its primary focus is on credit evaluation in Dashen Bank. The researcher used descriptive research design, distributed questionnaires to officers. In addition to this the researchers used in- depth interview with management bodies. Both primary and secondary data collection method were used, census method were used, the study findings indicate that the bank doesn’t provide enough training for employees, the offsite follow up method placed by the bank is not successful, the credit risk management of the bank is weak also the credit collection system is not effective are among the main findings. The researcher suggest that the bank should provide strong and consecutive training for the employee, better follow up mechanism should apply new procedure should put in place to assess the capacity the client who need the long term loan.
CLINICO-ANATOMICAL ASEPCTS OF AARTAVA AAGNEYATVYA WITH REFERENCE TO POST MENOPAUSAL SYMPTOMS
Authors: Sarang Ingle  
Published: January 2024

Menopause means permanent cessation of menstruation at the end of reproductive life due to the loss of ovarian follicular activity. Due to increased life expectancy about 1/3rd of life span of the female will be spent during the period of estrogen deprivation stage with long term symptomatic and metabolic complications.
According to Ayurveda menstruation starts from 12 years of the age and ends at the age of 45 years and structure is termed as Aartava. This Aartava is Agni Guna Dominant. In this article focus is on various Clinico-anatomical aspects of Post Menopausal Symptoms with respect to Aagneyatvya of Aartava
Keywords:-
Aartava, Agni, Menopause.
UJI BEBERAPA EKSTRAK TEPUNG DAUN SIRIH (Piper sp.) TERHADAP JAMUR AKAR PUTIH (Rigidoporus lignosus) SECARA IN VITRO
Authors: Dibisono Muhammad Yusuf , Ginting Makhrani Sari , Nurliana Nurliana , Mayly Syarifa , Juhari Habi 
Published: January 2024

Penelitian uji beberapa ekstrak tepung daun sirih (Piper sp.) terhadap jamur akar putih (Rigidoporus lignosus) secara in vitro. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ekstrak daun sirih yang tepat untuk menghambat pertumbuhan Jamur Akar Putih (Rigidoporus lignosus) secara in vitro. Daun Sirih (Piper sp.) mengandung senyawa-senyawa seperti heksana, sianida, saponin, tanin, flafonoid, steroid, alkanoid dan minyak atsiri yang diduga dapat berfungsi sebagai pestisida nabati. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Institut Teknologi Sawit Indonesia.. Penelitian dilakukan dari bulan Maret sampai Mei 2022. Penelitian ini menggunakan Metode Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) Non Faktorial. Dengan perlakuan S0 = Kontrol, S1 = Sirih Hutan, S2 = Sirih Hijau dan S3 = Sirih Merah. Parameter yang diamati adalah kecepatan pertumbuhan Jamur, diameter koloni Jamur dan uji daya hambat Jamur. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pemberian ekstrak tepung sirih hutan dapat menghambat pertumbuhan Jamur Akar Putih (R. Lignosus) dengan konsentrasi 50gr/l aquades secara in vitro melalui media PDA dengan daya hambat pertumbuhan 80,88%.