bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parental perceptions towards heritage language education for bicultural children in South Korea
Authors: Kim Jiyoung 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Over the past two decades educators and researchers have shown considerable interest in bicultural families and
their children in South Korea, largely due to their increasing numbers (Statistics Korea and Ministry of the Interior and Safety
of the Republic of Korea, 2021). However, socio-linguistic research on non-Korean parents’ attitudes towards their children’s
heritage language (HL) education is comparatively scarce. Accordingly, this study investigates the perceptions of non-Korean
parents in bicultural families regarding their children’s HL education and maintenance. The study examines interview data from 32
participants from diverse linguistic and cultural backgrounds, which were collected as part of a wider research project. The
results reveal that most non-Korean parents recognise the importance of HL maintenance and development and strived to pass their
ethnic language and culture on to their children, although a few parents express indifferent views or appear to be unaware of the
importance of HL education. One of the more significant findings to emerge from the analysis suggests dominant optimistic views on
HL education and maintenance, despite a perceived lack of appropriate HL support for children and negative perceptions shown by
Korean family members and neighbours towards the participants’ ethnic backgrounds. The implications of these results are discussed
with regard to the general public’s the perceptions of minority languages and cultures, as well as the views of family members in
bicultural families. This paper concludes with some suggestions for ways to improve perceptions of the general public in relation
to ethnic minority cultures and bicultural families.
Bayesian design of measurements for magnetorelaxometry imaging
*
Authors: Helin T , Hyvönen N , Maaninen J , Puska J-P 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The aim of magnetorelaxometry imaging is to determine the distribution of magnetic nanoparticles inside a subject by measuring the relaxation of the superposition magnetic field generated by the nanoparticles after they have first been aligned using an external activation magnetic field that has subsequently been switched off. This work applies techniques of Bayesian optimal experimental design to (sequentially) selecting the positions for the activation coil in order to increase the value of data and enable more accurate reconstructions in a simplified measurement setup. Both Gaussian and total variation (TV) prior models are considered for the distribution of the nanoparticles. The former allows simultaneous offline computation of optimized designs for multiple consecutive activations, while the latter introduces adaptability into the algorithm by using previously measured data in choosing the position of the next activation. The TV prior has a desirable edge-enhancing characteristic, but with the downside that the computationally attractive Gaussian form of the posterior density is lost. To overcome this challenge, the lagged diffusivity iteration is used to provide an approximate Gaussian posterior model and allow the use of the standard Bayesian A- and D-optimality criteria for the TV prior as well. Two-dimensional numerical experiments are performed on a few sample targets, with the conclusion that the optimized activation positions lead, in general, to better reconstructions than symmetric reference setups when the target distribution or region of interest are nonsymmetric in shape.
Study of forward–backward correlation and multiplicity fluctuations of pions produced in p–p collisions at recent LHC energies
Authors: Paul Subhadeep , Bhattacharjee Shreya , Ahmed Azharuddin , Biswas Tumpa , Kalam Mehedi , Kr Haldar Prabir 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The two-particle rapidity correlation among the pions produced in p–p collisions at recent LHC energies

s

=

2.76, 5.02, 7 and 13 TeV are studied in this paper by using the analysis of events generated by UrQMD-3.4, AMPT-2.26 and PYTHIA-8.3. Our investigation for bin-to-bin fluctuation using the variance of forward–backward asymmetry parameter

σ

C

2

in the forward–backward pseudo-rapidity windows is done through the simulated data. In addition to that, energy-wise variation of correlation strength (β), the probability distribution of roughness parameter (

γ

k

2

) and number density fluctuation parameter (d

ik
) are also incorporated in this investigation. Also, we have tried to study the same for the data of different impact parameters generated using the UrQMD model, and the comparison is made with its minimum biased events data-set. The analysis signifies, that the signature of dynamical fluctuation is not so prominent but increases a bit with the increase in energy. An increase in the correlation strength with the increase in energy signifies the contribution of long-range correlation is more in comparison to the short-range one. However, there is no such accountable effect of various impact parameters seen in the present study.
Experimental investigation of the effect of topological insulator on the magnetization dynamics of ferromagnetic metal:
BiSbTe1.5Se1.5
and
Ni80Fe20
heterostructure
Authors: Pal Sayani , Aon Soumik , Manna Subhadip , Nath Sambhu G , Sharma Kanav , Mitra Chiranjib 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We have studied the spin-pumping phenomenon in ferromagnetic metal (FM) (

N
i

80

F
e

20

)/topological insulator (TI) (

B
i
S
b
T
e

1.5

S
e

1.5

) bilayer system to understand magnetization dynamics of FM in contact with a TI. TIs embody a spin–momentum-locked surface state that spans the bulk band gap. Due to this special spin texture of the topological surface state, the spin-charge interconversion efficiency of TI is even higher than that of heavy metals. We evaluated the parameters like effective damping coefficient (

α

e
f
f

), spin-mixing conductance (

g

e
f
f

↑↓

) and spin current density (

j
S
0

) to demonstrate an efficient spin transfer in

N
i

80

F
e

20

/

B
i
S
b
T
e

1.5

S
e

1.5

heterostructure. To probe the effect of the topological surface state, a systematic low-temperature study is crucial as the surface state of TI dominates at lower temperatures. The exponential increase of

Δ
H

for all different thickness combinations of FM/TI bilayers and the enhancement of effective damping coefficient (

α

e
f
f

) with lowering temperature confirms that the spin chemical potential bias generated from spin-pumping induces spin current into the TI surface state. Furthermore, low-temperature measurements of effective magnetization (

4
π

M

e
f
f

) and magnetic anisotropy field (Hk
) showed anomaly around the same temperature region where the resistivity of TI starts showing metallic behavior due to the dominance of conducting TI surface state. The anomaly in Hk
can result from the emerging exchange coupling between the TI surface state and the local moments of the FM layer at the interface without any long-range ferromagnetic order in TI at the interface.
Plane wave stability analysis of Hartree and quantum dissipative systems
Authors: Goudon Thierry , Rota Nodari Simona 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We investigate the stability of plane wave solutions of equations describing quantum particles interacting with a complex environment. The models take the form of PDE systems with a non local (in space or in space and time) self-consistent potential; such a coupling lead to challenging issues compared to the usual nonlinear Schrödinger equations. The analysis relies on the identification of suitable Hamiltonian structures and Lyapounov functionals. We point out analogies and differences between the original model, involving a coupling with a wave equation, and its asymptotic counterpart obtained in the large wave speed regime. In particular, while the analogies provide interesting intuitions, our analysis shows that it is illusory to obtain results on the former based on a perturbative analysis from the latter.
Global existence and asymptotics for the modified two-dimensional Schrödinger equation in the critical regime
Authors: Liu Xuan , Zhang Ting 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We study the asymptotic behaviour of the modified two-dimensional Schrödinger equation

(

D
t

−
F
(
D
)
)
u
=
λ

|

u

|

u

in the critical regime, where

λ
∈

C

with

ℑ
λ
⩾
0

and

F
(
ξ
)

is a second order constant coefficients elliptic symbol. For any smooth initial datum of size

ε
≪
1

, we prove that the solution is global-in-time, combining the vector fields method and a semiclassical analysis method introduced by Delort. Moreover, we present the pointwise decay estimates and the large time asymptotic formulas of the solution.
Experimental Study of the influence of PVC casing thickness and well fluid density on prompt fission neutron uranium logging and its corrections
Authors: Zhou Pengfei , Tang Bin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Prompt fission neutron uranium logging is a direct method for
measuring uranium content.This method is not influenced by
uranium-radium disequilibrium, and provides an accurate and direct
way to obtain the uranium content of the formation. However, in field
logging, the results of logging are susceptible to the influence of
lithology, well fluid and casing. Thus, it must be corrected. Based on
the“epithermal /thermal neutron counting rate ratio”(i.e.,
NE/T
) theory of uranium quantification, a uranium block model
is built to simulate field production boreholes. Meanwhile, the
influences of PVC casing thickness, well fluid composition and well
fluid density on the decay rate of epithermal neutrons and thermal
neutrons and the error correction method are investigated. The
experimental results show that NE/T
increases linearly with
increasing thickness of the PVC casing, and the correction equation
is μ
PVC = -0.0501
dPVC + 1, with a goodness of
fit R
2 = 0.9931. The effect of different well fluid compositions
and densities on the decay rate of double neutrons is kaolinite ≥
montmorillonite < chlorite < illite. μ_mud follows
a quadratic decay law with increasing well fluid density and the fit
R
2 < 0.95. Finally, theaverage corrected uranium quantification
error is within 5% of the actual uranium content.
Interannual precipitation controls on soil CO2 fluxes in high elevation conifer and aspen forests
Authors: Carbone Mariah S , Richardson Andrew D , barr billy , Berkelhammer Max , Boot Claudia M , Simonpietri Austin , Still Christopher J 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Long-term soil CO2 emission measurements are necessary for detecting trends and interannual variability in the terrestrial carbon cycle. Such records are becoming increasingly valuable as ecosystems experience altered environmental conditions associated with climate change. From 2013 to 2021, we continuously measured soil CO2 concentrations in the two dominant high elevation forest types, mixed conifer and aspen, in the upper Colorado River basin. We quantified the soil CO2 flux during the summer months, and found that the mean and total CO2 flux in both forests was related to the prior winter’s snowfall and current summer’s rainfall, with greater sensitivity to rainfall. We observed a decline in surface soil CO2 production, which we attributed to warming and a decrease in amount and frequency of summer rains. Our results demonstrate strong precipitation control on the soil CO2 flux in mountainous regions, a finding which has important implications for carbon cycling under future environmental change.
Lower bound on operation time of composite quantum gates robust against pulse length error
Authors: Kukita Shingo , Kiya Haruki , Kondo Yasushi 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Precise control of quantum systems is a cornerstone for realizing high-quality quantum technology such as quantum computing and quantum communication. The performance of control of systems often deteriorates due to systematic errors. In one-qubit control, the pulse length error (PLE) is a typical systematic error, which is often caused by deviation of the strength of the control field. A composite quantum gate (CQG) is a method for suppressing effects of such systematic errors at the cost of a long operation time. A longer operation time implies stronger decoherence, and thus a shorter CQG is preferable from the viewpoint of noise immunity. However, it has not been clear how short CQG can be implemented. This problem can be regarded as an optimization problem under constraints: optimizing the operation time while requiring the error robustness. In this paper, we find a lower bound on operation time of all CQGs with first-order robustness against the PLE, in which effects of the error are eliminated up to its first order. The derivation of this bound is based on a geometric property of robustness against the PLE. This can be used for search after high-performance CQGs.
Estimation of Wheat Yield on a Farm in Najaf/Iraq, using Principal Component Analysis of Multi Temporal Satellite Images Pairs
Authors: Abdulmajeed Mohammed A. , Al-Ani Laith A. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The present work aims to estimate the yield of wheat crop for a particular wheat farm in Najaf Governorate, southwestern Iraq. Seven multispectral bands of the Landsat satellite (8 and 9) were used for two different time periods. The satellite image for the 1st time (Landsat 8) represents the high vegetative growth of the wheat crop, and the satellite image for the second time (Landsat 9) represents the farm after harvest. Changes in land use were detected based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA) technology wherein PCA images were used to calculate wheat production for a specific area in Najaf scene in Iraq. RGB color model was adopted as an unsupervised method of scene classification as this model was used to determine the number of classes in a scene. Maximum-likelihood method was applied as supervised classification with the images generated by applying the principal component analysis technique for the 1st time and for the 2nd time separately considering the number of classes derived from the RGB color model. The data was read within the borders of the region of interest (a wheat farm) for which the yield will be calculated by creating a mask in which the outer borders of the study area are defined. The results showed that the rate of wheat production for the study area amounted to 97.85 tons, with an error rate that did not exceed (1.55%) when using PC images.
Predicting of heavy metals in some areas of Iraq using spectral analysis techniques
Authors: Hussain Hawraa A. , Abdullah Sundus A. , Al Maliki Ali A. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Soil that has been contaminated by heavy metals is a serious environmental problem. A different approach for forecasting a variety of soil physical parameters is reflected spectroscopy is a low-cost, quick, and repeatable analytical method. The objectives of this paper are to predict heavy metal (Ti, Cr, Sr, Fe, Zn, Cu and Pb) soil contamination in central and southern Iraq using spectroscopy data. An XRF was used to quantify the levels of heavy metals in a total of 53 soil samples from Baghdad and ThiQar, and a spectrogram was used to examine how well spectral data might predict the presence of heavy metals metals. The partial least squares regression PLSR models performed well in predicting the Sr and Cr elements using spectroscopy, with coefficients R2 = 0.73 and RMSE = 63.8 for the determination, and R2 = 0.60 and RMSE = 16.4 for Cr, respectively. This research validates the detection of heavy metal contamination using reflectance spectroscopy. Results of the current study proved that some heavy elements have spectral features become either when their concentrations low or high, such as Cr, Sr, Cu and Zn. The current study opens new possibilities for studying these elements using remote sensing in the future.
Large eddy simulation of thermal stratification effects on tracer gas dispersion in a cavity
Authors: McMullan W A , Mifsud J 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This paper assesses the effect of thermal stratification on the prediction of inert tracer gas dispersion within a cavity of height (H) 1.0 m, and unity aspect ratio, using large eddy simulation. The Reynolds number of the cavity flow, was 67 000. Thermal stratification was achieved through the heating or cooling of one or more of the walls within the cavity. When compared to an isothermal (neutral) case, unstable stratification from surface heating generally has a weak influence on the primary recirculating cavity vortex, except in the case where the windward wall is heated. For windward wall heating, a large secondary vortex appears at the corner of the windward wall and cavity floor. Unstable stratification has no significant influence on the removal of pollutant mass from the cavity. Stable stratification through surface cooling drastically alters the flow pattern within the cavity, pushing the cavity vortex towards the upper quadrant of the cavity. As a result, large regions of stagnant fluid are present within the cavity, reducing the effectiveness of the shear layer at removing pollutant concentration from the cavity. Some stable stratification configurations can increase the pollutant mass within the cavity by over a factor of five, when compared to the neutral case. Pollutant concentration flux maps show that, in stably stratified cases, the majority of pollutant transport from the cavity is the result of entrainment into the primary cavity vortex. The results show that pollutant concentrations in urban street canyon-type flows are substantially altered by diurnal heating and cooling, which may influence pedestrian management strategies in urban environments.
Fabrication and characterization of magneto-responsive polyvinyl alcohol–alginate composite hydrogel beads for the removal of cationic dyes from aqueous solutions
Authors: Phu Nann Aye Mya Mya , Jeong Ganghoon , Wi Eunsol , Kim Keun Seong , Gim Jae-Pil , Woo Yun Jeong , Chang Mincheol 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In this study, magneto-responsive polyvinyl alcohol–alginate hydrogel beads are successfully fabricated using the electrospraying technique and applied as efficient adsorbents for the removal of cationic dyes, particularly malachite green (MG) and methylene blue (MeB), from water. The successful synthesis of the beads is confirmed using optical microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Additionally, batch adsorption studies are performed to evaluate the adsorption capacity of the hydrogel beads under varying concentrations, pH solution, and contact time. Results revealed that the beads exhibited excellent sorption capacities of 270.03 and 285.66 mg g−1 toward MG and MeB, respectively, indicating their potential as efficient adsorbents for cationic dye removal. The adsorption mechanism of the beads was further analyzed using kinetic and isotherm models, where the results revealed that the pseudo-second order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm model exhibited the best fits with the experimental data. The incorporated magnetic nanoparticles enabled the easy separation and reuse of the hydrogel beads sample, as it maintained more than 75% of its efficiency even after five consecutive cycles. This study presents an innovative and sustainable solution for wastewater treatment, demonstrating the use of magneto-responsive hydrogel beads as effective and reusable adsorbents for cationic dye removal.
Existence and uniqueness of solutions to the Fermi-Dirac Boltzmann equation for soft potentials
Authors: Li Zongguang 
Published: October 2023

In this paper we consider a modified quantum Boltzmann equation with the quantum effect measured by a continuous parameter

δ
\delta

that can decrease from

δ
=
1

\delta =1

for the Fermi-Dirac particles to

δ
=
0

\delta =0

for the classical particles. In case of soft potentials, for the corresponding Cauchy problem in the whole space or in the torus, we establish the global existence and uniqueness of non-negative mild solutions in the function space

L

T

∞

L

v
,
x

∞

∩

L

T

∞

L

x

∞

L
v
1

L^{\infty }_{T}L^{\infty }_{v,x}\cap L^{\infty }_{T}L^{\infty }_{x}L^1_v

with small defect mass, energy and entropy but allowed to have large amplitude up to the possibly maximum upper bound

F
(
t
,
x
,
v
)
≤

1
δ

F(t,x,v)\leq \frac {1}{\delta }

. The key point is that the obtained estimates are uniform in the quantum parameter

0
>
δ
≤
1

0> \delta \leq 1

.
Development of the item pool for the ‘WHO-ageism scale’: conceptualisation, item generation and content validity assessment
Authors: Murray Aja L , de la Fuente-Núñez Vânia 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objectives
ageism harms individuals’ health and wellbeing and can be costly to societies. Reliable and valid measures that can quantify ageism are critical for achieving accurate data on its global prevalence, determinants and impacts, and to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions to reduce it. Ageism scales exist; however, none have been demonstrated to validly measure ageism in a manner consistent with consensus definitions of the concept (i.e. as manifested in all of stereotypes, prejudices and discrimination), whilst also quantifying ageism against all groups, from a target and perpetrator perspective, and across diverse country settings. Our objective was to develop an item pool to meet this need.

Methods
we completed the conceptualisation, item generation and content validity assessment phases of a new World Health Organisation (WHO) WHO-ageism item pool that aims to measure the multi-dimensional nature of ageism. These phases drew on a review of available evidence, an experts’ workshop and structured content validity reviews conducted by experts in scale development and ageism drawn from every world region defined by WHO.

Results
our resulting item pool is designed to provide a multi-dimensional measure of ageism against all ages measured from both a perpetration and experienced perspective and that can produce valid and reliable scores within diverse country contexts and comparable scores across these contexts.

Conclusions
our item pool is the first major step in providing a global and comprehensive measure of ageism. Future phases of research will refine the item pool and establish the statistical psychometric properties of the final tool.
Prediction in ecology and evolution
Authors: Hendry Andrew P 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Prediction is frequently asserted to be the sine qua non of science, but prediction means different things to different people in different contexts. I organize and explain this diversity by addressing five questions. What does it mean to predict something? To answer this question, I describe concepts of prediction as prophecy, diagnosis, history, repeatability, and fate. What are we trying to predict? Here, I describe how predictions vary along several axes: general to specific, qualitative to quantitative, relative to absolute, point to range, and continuous to discontinuous. Where do predictions come from? In this case, I focus on deductive versus inductive reasoning. How do we test predictions? The answer here is not straightforward and I discuss various approaches and difficulties. How good are predictions? Not surprisingly, it depends on what is being predicted and how we judge success. Importantly, I do not espouse a “best” way to approach prediction but, rather, I outline its diverse manifestations so as to help organize practical thinking on the topic.