bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Comorbid Sleep-Disordered Breathing and Atrial Fibrillation on the Long-Term Outcome After Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Yang Xiaoli , Lippert Julian , Dekkers Martijn , Baillieul Sebastien , Duss Simone B. , Reichlin Tobias , Brill Anne-Kathrin , Bernasconi Corrado , Schmidt Markus H. , Bassetti Claudio L.A. 
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND:
Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and atrial fibrillation (AF) are highly prevalent in patients with stroke and are recognized as independent risk factors for stroke. Little is known about the impact of comorbid SDB and AF on long-term outcomes after stroke.

METHODS:
In this prospective cohort study, 353 patients with acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attacks were analyzed. Patients were screened for SDB by respiratory polygraphy during acute hospitalization. Screening for AF was performed using a 7-day ECG up to 3× in the first 6 months. Follow-up visits were scheduled at 1, 3, 12, 24, and 36 months poststroke. Cox regression models adjusted for various factors (age, sex, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and heart failure) were used to assess the impact of comorbid SDB and AF on subsequent death or cerebro-cardiovascular events.

RESULTS:
Among 353 patients (299 ischemic stroke and 54 transient ischemic attacks), median age, 67 (interquartile range, 57–74) years with 63% males. Moderate-to-severe SDB (apnea-hypopnea index score, ≥15/h) was present in 118 (33.4%) patients. Among the 56 (15.9%) patients with AF, 28 had comorbid moderate-to-severe SDB and AF. Over 36 months, there were 12 deaths and 67 recurrent cerebro-cardiovascular events. Patients with comorbid moderate-to-severe SDB and AF had a higher risk of subsequent death or cerebro-cardiovascular events compared with those with only moderate-to-severe SDB without AF (hazard ratio, 2.49 [95% CI, 1.18–5.24]) and to those without moderate-to-severe SDB or AF (hazard ratio, 2.25 [95% CI, 1.12–4.50]). However, no significant difference was found between the comorbid moderate-to-severe SDB and AF group and the group with only AF without moderate-to-severe SDB (hazard ratio, 1.64 [95% CI, 0.62–4.36]).

CONCLUSIONS:
Comorbid moderate-to-severe SDB and AF significantly increase the risk of long-term mortality or recurrent cerebro-cardiovascular events after acute ischemic stroke. Considering both conditions as cumulative and modifiable cerebro-cardiovascular risk factors is of interest for the management of acute stroke.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02559739.
Crimes of Humanity
Authors: Grote Tatjana 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The idea of ‘crimes against humanity’ has been uniquely successful and constitutes an essential part of international criminal law. This article offers a novel explanation for this ideational potency. It is submitted that what we came to call crimes against humanity is, in fact, made possible by uniquely human features. Examining why, nevertheless, the conjunction ‘against’ has been far more dominant than the equally plausible ‘of’, the article reveals a psychological function of international criminal law: Construing mass atrocity as the antipode of humanity allows to escape the painful feeling of cognitive dissonance that arises when confronted with the fact that atrocious events remain an undeniable part of our world. Since using international criminal law as a defence mechanism comes with several undesirable side-effects, the article concludes by calling on the international law community to understand organized mass atrocity both as ‘crimes against humanity’ and as ‘crimes of humanity’.
A New Wave-State-Based Drag Coefficient Parameterization for Coastal Regions
Authors: Chen Sheng , Jiang Wen Zheng , Xue Yuhuan , Ma Hongyu , Yu Yong Qing , Wang Zhanli , Qiao Fangli 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The large scatter of the drag coefficient CD at a given wind speed and its discrepancy in coastal regions and open oceans have received increasing attention. However, the parameterization of CD is still an open question, especially in coastal regions. Therefore, this study systematically investigated the influence of surface waves on wind stress based on in situ observations of surface waves and air–sea fluxes on three coastal tower-based platforms in different regions. A formulation that is a function of only wind speed was established in the wind speed range of 1–20 m s−1, and when extended to 30 m s−1, it could predict the saturation of coastal CD at a 20 m s−1 wind speed and then the attenuation. However, this wind-based formulation does not simulate the scatter of CD in practice. By further analyzing the effect of wave states on wind stress, the parameters of wave age and directionality of wind and waves were incorporated into the wind-based formulation, and a new wave-state-based parameterization on CD was proposed, which can estimate the widely spread CD values to a large extent and the saturation of CD. The RMSE between this new parameterization and observations reduce approximately 20% and 9% relative to the COARE and wind-based formula. The applicability of this new parameterization was further demonstrated through a comparison between the newly parameterized CD and observed asymmetric CD in different quadrants of a tropical cyclone. The wave-state-based parameterization scheme requires three parameters, wind speed U10, wave age β, and wave off-wind angle θ, and it is expected to be applied to coastal regions.

Significance Statement
Wind stress over the ocean plays an important role in numerical simulations for both the atmosphere and ocean, which requires accurate parameterization. However, parameterization of wind stress or drag coefficient CD is still an open question due to the complexity of the potential factors behind wind stress, especially for coastal regions. This manuscript provided a new wave-state-based parameterization scheme at low to high wind speeds for coastal regions, based on field observations on three coastal towers. This new parameterization can predict the saturation of CD at a wind speed of 20 m s−1 and then the attenuation, agreeing well with the previous coastal observations, and simulate the large scatter of CD to a large extent. Furthermore, it can predict the asymmetric CD in different quadrants of a tropical cyclone, consistent with the observations. This parameterization scheme requires only three parameters, wind speed, wave age, and misalignment angle between wind and wave, which can be conveniently applied to the numerical models.
Identifying ZDR Columns in Radar Data with the Hotspot Technique
Authors: Krause John , Klaus Vinzent 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
A novel differential reflectivity (ZDR) column detection method, the hotspot technique, has been developed. Utilizing constant altitude plan projection indicators (CAPPI) of ZDR, reflectivity, and a proxy for circular depolarization ratio at the height of the −10°C isotherm, the method identifies the location of the base of the ZDR column rather than the entire ZDR column depth. The new method is compared to two other existing ZDR column detection methods and shown to be an improvement in regions where there is a ZDR bias.

Significance Statement
Thunderstorm updrafts are the area of a storm where precipitation grows, electrification is initiated, and tornadoes may form. Therefore, accurate detection and quantification of updraft properties using weather radar data is of great importance for assessing a storm’s damage potential in real time. Current methods to automatically detect updraft areas, however, are error-prone due to common deficiencies in radar measurements. We present a novel algorithmic approach to identify storm updrafts that eliminates some of the known shortcomings of existing methods. In the future, our method could be used to develop new hail detection algorithms, or to improve short-term weather forecasting models.
Analysis of Graft Types Augmented With an Internal Brace for ACL Reconstruction: A Systematic Review
Authors: Maginnis Connor , Root Cooper , Schiavo Julie H. , Ierulli Victoria K. , Vopat Bryan , Mulcahey Mary K. 
Published: January 2024

Background: New techniques are being developed to decrease the failure rate of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) grafts and prevent revision surgery. One such technique involves high-strength suture tape (ST), also referred to as internal bracing. Recent literature has highlighted the use of ST for ACL reconstruction, but no study has compared ST augmentation between graft types. Purpose: To compare the use of ST augmentation for ACL reconstruction based on the type of graft used (ie, bone–patellar tendon–bone [BPTB], quadriceps, hamstring). Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 5. Methods: An online search of multiple databases was performed according to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines and was completed April 2022 to identify studies related to ST augmentation of ACL grafts. Results: Of 926 studies identified, 10 met inclusion criteria. Five studies (50%) used hamstring tendon (HT), 3 (30%) used quadriceps tendon (QT), 1 (10%) used BPTB, and 1 (10%) used both HT and QT grafts. HT autografts augmented with ST had decreased dynamic and peak elongation (15%-56%), increased load to failure, and increased initial and final dynamic stiffness compared with controls. There was no significant difference in postoperative physical examination findings (range of motion, Lachman, pivot shift), except that ST-augmented grafts had significantly less laxity after surgery compared with HT alone (0.8 vs 1.9 mm; P < .05). QT allografts with ST augmentation showed increased graft strength. Human QT autograft studies showed higher Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score scores compared with controls. BPTB allografts with ST augmentation had decreased cyclic displacement by 31% ( P = .015) and increased load (758 ± 128 N; P < .001) and stiffness (156 ± 23 N/mm; P = .003) compared with nonaugmented groups. The complication rate was low or showed no increase in the ST augmentation groups compared with control groups. Conclusion: HT, QT, and BPTB grafts augmented with ST demonstrate an effective method for ACL reconstruction. All graft types with ST augmentation showed no evidence of clinical disadvantage, with some studies indicating significant biomechanical or clinical advantages compared with conventional ACL reconstruction.
Major immediate insertion-related complications after central venous catheterisation and associations with mortality, length of hospital stay, and costs: A prospective observational study
Authors: Ingefors Sofia , Adrian Maria , Heckley Gawain , Borgquist Ola , Kander Thomas 
Published: January 2024

Background: It is well-known that infectious complications after central venous catheterisation are associated with increased mortality, length of hospital stay and costs. However, there are limited data regarding such associations for immediate insertion-related complications. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether major immediate insertion-related complications are associated with mortality, length of hospital stay and costs. Methods: This was a preplanned substudy to the CVC-MECH trial on immediate insertion-related complications after central venous catheterisation in the ultrasound-guided era. Patients receiving central venous catheters at Skåne University Hospital from 2 March 2019 to 31 December 2020 were prospectively included. Patient characteristics, clinical data and costs were automatically collected from medical journals and the patient administration system. Associations between major immediate insertion-related complications and mortality, length of hospital stay and costs were studied by multivariable logistic and linear regression analyses. Results: In total, 6671 patients were included, of whom 0.5% suffered major immediate insertion-related complications. Multivariable analyses, including surrogates for general morbidity, showed associations between major immediate insertion-related complications and 30-day (odds ratio 2.46 [95% CI 1.05–5.77]), 90-day (2.90 [1.35–6.21]) and 180-day (2.26 [1.05–4.83]) mortality. There were no associations between major immediate insertion-related complications and increased length of hospital stay or costs. Conclusion: This study showed that major immediate insertion-related complications, although not directly responsible for any death, were associated with increased 30-day, 90-day and 180-day mortality. These findings clearly demonstrate the importance of using all possible means to prevent avoidable insertion-related complications after central venous catheterisation.
Review of Muslim Patient Needs and Its Implications on Healthcare Delivery
Authors: Zagloul Maie , Mohammed Buruj , Abufares Nawara , Sandozi Afsar , Farhan Sarah , Anwer Saba , Tumusiime Shakirah , Bojang Matida 
Published: January 2024

Background: In the rapidly changing environment of healthcare, striving toward health equity and providing patient-centered care is imperative to the patient’s experience. To achieve these goals, a comprehensive understanding of the diverse patient populations seeking these services, their needs, and the multitude of religious, cultural, and structural elements that impact their well-being is required. Muslim patients represent a considerable demographic, both in number and complexity of religious and cultural beliefs and practices. This scoping review examines the intersection of religion and cultural values with healthcare delivery in the context of the Muslim patient experience. Objectives: The objective of this review is to identify key concepts and challenges that impact the Muslim patient experience. Search Methods: The research databases Cochrane Library, OVID Medline, and PubMED were used to conduct a comprehensive systemic review of original, empirical peer-reviewed publications with the following search terms: “Muslim healthcare,” “Muslim patient,” and “Muslim experience.” Selection Criteria: Inclusion and exclusion criteria were used to narrow down articles to those that addressed Muslim patient needs and their healthcare experience. Results: A total of 21 articles met the criteria of this scoping review. Five central topics were identified during thematic analysis: Ramadan and Fasting, Barriers in the Patient-Physician Relationship, Trauma and Perceived Discrimination, Mental Health Awareness and Stigma, and Awareness of Advanced Care Planning. Conclusion: This scoping review demonstrates that in order to provide patient-centered care addressing the unique needs of Muslim patients, religious and cultural values need to be explored under the frameworks of cultural humility and structural competency.
Characterizing Gabapentinoid Use Among Patients With Isolated Low Back Pain
Authors: Maloy Gwyneth C. , Halperin Scott J. , Ratnasamy Philip P. , Grauer Jonathan N. 
Published: January 2024

Study Design Retrospective cohort study. Objectives Gabapentinoids have been increasingly studied as a non-narcotic option for neuropathic and postoperative pain. However, there is evidence suggesting that off-label use of these medications for the treatment of isolated LBP is not effective. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate prescription patterns for gabapentinoids among patients with isolated low back pain. Methods Adult patients with LBP were abstracted from the 2019 M91Ortho PearlDiver dataset using International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) code M54.5. Patients were excluded if they had a diagnosis of neurologic symptoms, history of spinal surgery, spinal fracture, or conditions for which gabapentinoids are FDA approved. Gabapentinoid and narcotic prescriptions within one year of LBP diagnosis were identified. Patient characteristics and prescriber specialty were extracted from the dataset and predictors of gabapentinoid prescriptions were determined using univariate and multivariate analyses. Results Among the 1,158,875 isolated LBP patients, gabapentinoids were prescribed for 11%, narcotics for 8%, and both for 3%. The most common prescriber specialties included: primary care physicians (45%), nurse practitioners (15%), and pain management physicians (5%). Independent predictors of gabapentinoid prescriptions included: female sex, region of the country, and insurance type ( P-values <.001). Conclusions Of nearly 1.2 million patients with isolated LBP, 14.2% were prescribed gabapentinoids within one year of their LBP diagnosis. Patient characteristics predictive of receiving gabapentinoids were predominantly non-clinical factors.
Perioperative vaginal misoprostol versus intraoperative pericervical hemostatic tourniquet outcome during abdominal myomectomy: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Adrianto Nicholas , Mangkuliguna Ghea , Sibarani Candra Novi Ricardo 
Published: January 2024

Background: Abdominal myomectomy is a commonly performed surgical procedure for removing fibroids. Various techniques and interventions have been explored to minimize blood loss during abdominal myomectomy. This study aims to assess and compare the efficacy of perioperative vaginal misoprostol and intraoperative pericervical hemostatic tourniquet in minimizing blood loss during abdominal myomectomy. Method: Eligible studies were identified using several databases. Analysis was conducted using RevMan version 5.3. This systematic review and meta-analysis were registered in PROSPERO on June 20, 2023, with registration number CRD42023434191. We included three studies with 88 participants. Results: Of the 73 records identified initially, 3 met the inclusion criteria—sample sizes of the included studies involving 88 participants. There was a significant mean difference in intraoperative blood loss ( p = 0.022 (95% CI, 0.0706–0.901) and operative time ( p = 0.015, 95% CI, 0.116–1.066) between groups. There was no significant mean difference in postoperative hematocrit ( p = 0.053 (95% CI, −0.734 to 0.00411)) and intraoperative blood transfusion (OR = 1.60 (95% CI, 0.587–4.405), p = 0.355)) between group. Conclusion: Our studies indicate that using tourniquets lowered intraoperative bleeding and shortened operating time among the participants. Intraoperative vaginal misoprostol has no significant advantage over the tourniquet group in either intraoperative blood transfusion needs or postoperative hematocrit.
Comparison of Clinical Outcomes Between Modern Augmented ACL Repair and Autograft ACL Reconstruction: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Studies With Minimum 2-Year Follow-up
Authors: Ren Yunong , Wang Jia , Ji Junjie , Zhang Chao , Meng Qingyang 
Published: January 2024

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction has been the gold standard for primary ACL rupture since the 1990s. In the past decade, ACL repair has received renewed attention and increased research. Purpose: To compare the clinical outcomes of modern augmented ACL repair versus autograft reconstruction for ACL ruptures. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A search of the PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library databases was conducted for prospective or retrospective comparative studies published between January 1, 2010, and January 3, 2023, with a minimum 2-year follow-up. Two independent reviewers performed data extraction and methodological quality assessment. Sensitivity analysis was performed to maintain the stability of results. Results: Nine studies were included (minimum follow-up period, 24-60 months). The total sample size was 833 patients (augmented repair group: 358 patients; autograft ACL reconstruction group: 475 patients). There were 4 randomized controlled trials (level 1), 1 prospective comparative study (level 2), 2 retrospective comparative studies (level 3), and 2 case-control studies (level 3). The augmented ACL repair group attained significantly higher Lysholm score (weighted mean difference [WMD] = 1.57; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.14-3.01; P = .03) and hamstring strength (WMD = 36.69; 95% CI, 29.07-44.31; P < .01) but had higher rates of hardware removal (odds ratio [OR] = 6.30; 95% CI, 2.44-16.23; P = .0001), reoperation (OR = 1.87; 95% CI, 1.33-2.62; P = .0003), and failure (OR = 1.58; 95% CI, 1.03-2.43; P = .0003) compared with the autograft ACL reconstruction group. No significant differences were observed between the repair and reconstruction groups regarding postoperative International Knee Documentation Committee scores, Tegner scores, knee laxity, satisfaction, ACL revisions, complications, and reoperation rather than revision. Conclusion: Augmented ACL repair was associated with higher rates of reoperation, hardware removal, and failure compared with autograft ACL reconstruction in studies with minimum 2-year follow-up data. However, augmented ACL repair had higher Lysholm scores and hamstring strength versus autograft ACL reconstruction.
Effect of Bone Marrow Stimulation on Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Shin Kyun-Ho , Kim Jin-Uk , Jang Il-Tae , Han Seung-Beom 
Published: January 2024

Background: Arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (RCR) is a common orthopaedic procedure, but it has a high rate of retears that can negatively affect the functional outcomes. Bone marrow stimulation (BMS) has been suggested as an additional treatment to improve the outcomes of RCR. Purpose: To compare the effectiveness of the BMS procedure during RCR with conventional RCR. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Scopus, on March 1, 2023, for studies comparing postoperative retear rates and functional outcomes between patients who underwent primary arthroscopic RCR with and without the BMS procedure. Only level 1 and 2 randomized controlled trials with a minimum 12-month follow-up were included. The primary outcomes were retear rates and functional outcomes as measured by the Constant; American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES); and University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) scores and by postoperative range of motion. Subgroup analyses were performed based on repair technique (single-row repair vs double-row or suture-bridge repair). The standardized mean difference (SMD) and odds ratio (OR) were utilized to synthesize continuous and dichotomous outcomes, respectively. Homogeneity was evaluated using the chi-square test and I2 statistic. Results: The literature search yielded 661 articles, of which 6 studies (522 patients; 261 with BMS, 261 without BMS) met the eligibility criteria. The combined analysis showed no significant decrease in retear rates with the utilization of the BMS procedure during RCR (OR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.35 to 1.03; P = .07; I2 = 24%). There was no significant intergroup difference in functional outcomes (Constant score: SMD, 0.13; 95% CI, –0.04 to 0.31; P = .13; I2 = 0%; ASES score: SMD, 0.04; 95% CI, –0.20 to 0.28; P = .73; I2 = 0%; UCLA score: SMD, –0.13; 95% CI, –0.50 to 0.23; P = .47; I2 = 0%). Subgroup analyses revealed no significant differences in postoperative retear risk or total Constant score according to the repair technique. Conclusion: Based on the available evidence, this systematic review did not find a significant benefit of the BMS procedure at the footprint during arthroscopic RCR compared with conventional RCR in terms of retear rates and functional outcomes at short-term follow-up.