bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research on low‐velocity impact resistance of carbon fiber composite laminates
Authors: Hou Xin , Aymerich Francecso , Feng Dianshi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis research conducts a comprehensive experimental and numerical analysis of carbon fiber composite laminates under low‐velocity impact conditions. Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) was employed to conduct impact testing on laminates with two layup sequences ( and ) under impacts ranging from 2 to 6 J. For assessing damage in laminates, a comprehensive progressive damage model and a simplified model were developed. The primary distinction between these models lies in the fact that the former incorporates the strengthening effect of compression on the delamination behavior, while the latter does not. Both models produce a good agreement with experimental results in terms of force–time, force–displacement curves, and absorbed energies. However, notable differences were noted in the predicted internal damage; the simplified model was underpredicted in terms of damage size and distribution compared to the comprehensive progressive damage model.Highlights
Impact tests were conducted on and composites.
In order to simulate damage caused by impacts in laminates, an energy‐based damage model was created, and cohesive elements were utilized to model interlaminar delamination.
The strengthening effect of compression was explored.
Distinct damage criteria were established for two cases.
Damage detection of composites by x‐rays.
Progress in polyacrylate‐based electrically conductive adhesives: Featured properties, preparation, applications, and perspectives
Authors: Zhang Fan , Tang Nanlin , Jiang Qingsong , Qi Kailiang , Zhu Xiang , Luo Zilin , Kong Xiangyun , Zang Dongmian , Liu Hesheng , Fang Baizeng 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPolyacrylate‐based electrically conductive adhesives (PA‐based ECAs) have attracted much attention due to their wide applications in precise instruments and consumer electronics. To obtain high‐performance and environmentally friendly PA‐based ECAs, their main properties and corresponding mechanisms to performance, chemical constitutions and structure–function relationships should be well understood, and the applications of recent PA‐based ECAs should be comprehensively summarized. This review focuses on the progress of PA‐based ECAs in the past two decades and discusses the featured properties, preparation of PA, the selection of conductive fillers and the adhibition of the ECAs. The aim of the review is to find the challenges of high‐performance ECAs and offer some measures and foresee their future development.Highlights
Preparation methods of polyacrylate (PA)‐based composites are presented.
Properties of PA‐based electrically conductive adhesives (ECAs) are outlined.
Selection of conductive fillers and the adhibition of ECAs are discussed.
Representative applications of PA‐based ECAs are exhibited.
Present main challenges and future solutions are highlighted.
Utilizing multicriteria decision‐making approach for material selection in hybrid polymer nanocomposites for energy‐harvesting applications
Authors: Kulkarni Nikhil Dilip , Saha Abir , Kumari Poonam 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFlexible and cost‐effective poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)‐based composites having excellent piezo performance are quite interesting for developing actuators, sensors, and nanogenerators. In this work, a hybrid PVDF‐based nanocomposite consisting of a fixed quantity of titanium dioxide (TiO2) and varying quantities of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) for increased mechanical and piezoelectric performance is reported for the first time. Compared to pure PVDF, there is a significant enhancement in mechanical properties for hybrid nanocomposites. The highest piezoelectric voltage as well as current values of 10.2 V and 0.78 μA are recorded for a hybrid nanocomposite containing 1 wt% of rGO for continuous finger‐tapping operation. A multicriteria decision‐making (MCDM)‐based material selection and optimization technique called TODIM is applied, and a sensitivity study is carried out to select the best material for mechanical energy harvesting applications. A hybrid nanocomposite based on PVDF‐TiO2 with 1% rGO loading is the most suitable material according to the TODIM (an acronym in Portuguese for Interactive Multicriteria Decision Making) approach.Highlights
PVDF‐TiO2‐rGO nanocomposites are fabricated by solvent casting.
TODIM optimization technique is applied for the best material selection among samples.
Material ranking consistency shows the reliability of the TODIM method.
Conductive rGO increases interfacial polarization, resulting in enhanced ε values.
An increment of 88% and 104% in tensile strength and elastic modulus, respectively.
Exploring the readiness of youth education institutions with high‐risk students to implement a suicide prevention gatekeeper intervention: A nationwide observational survey study in Denmark
Authors: Østergaard Lena R. , Larsen Christina P. , Bast Lotus S. , Christiansen Erik 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDanish schools offering “preparatory basic education and training” (FGU schools) have students that are characterized by having different academic, social, or personal problems. In addition, many FGU students are at high risk of suicidal behavior. Many young people with suicide behavior do not seek help and early identification is important for suicide prevention. Teachers are in a position where it could be relevant to implement a gatekeeper intervention. To ensure successful implementation of an intervention, it is important to establish organizational readiness for change, including its innovation‐specific capacity, which are the facilitating requirements in the organization specific to the intervention. We aimed to explore the innovation‐specific capacity to implement a gatekeeper intervention at FGU schools in Denmark. This study is based on an online survey completed by teaching staff (n = 251) at FGU schools to explore their overall knowledge about and experience with students' suicidal behavior. Limited knowledge of suicide prevention was found among teaching staff. Most knowledge was from personal experience. There is a need for teaching staff to be educated about suicidal behavior. There is a lack of innovation‐specific capacity to implement a gatekeeper intervention.
A pipeline for rapidly evaluating activity and inferring mechanisms of action of prospective antifungal compounds
Authors: Kraut‐Cohen Judith , Frenkel Omer , Covo Shay , Marcos‐Hadad Evgeniya , Carmeli Shmuel , Belausov Eduard , Minz Dror , Cytryn Eddie 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDFungal phytopathogens are a significant threat to crops and food security, and there is a constant need to develop safe and effective compounds that antagonize them. In‐planta assays are complex and tedious and are thus not suitable for initial high‐throughput screening of new candidate antifungal compounds. We propose an in vitro screening pipeline that integrates five rapid quantitative and qualitative methods to estimate the efficacy and mode of action of prospective antifungal compounds.RESULTSThe pipeline was evaluated using five documented antifungal compounds (benomyl, catechol, cycloheximide, 2,4‐diacetylphloroglucinol, and phenylacetic acid) that have different modes of action and efficacy, against the model soilborne fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis cucumerinum. We initially evaluated the five compounds' ability to inhibit fungal growth and metabolic activity using green fluorescent protein (GFP)‐labeled F. oxysporum and PrestoBlue staining, respectively, in multiwell plate assays. We tested the compounds' inhibition of both conidial germination and hyphal elongation. We then employed FUN‐1 and SYTO9/propidium iodide staining, coupled to confocal microscopy, to differentiate between fungal growth inhibition and death at the cellular level. Finally, using a reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐detection assay, we were able to quantify ROS production in response to compound application.CONCLUSIONSCollectively, the proposed pipeline provides a wide array of quantitative and qualitative data on the tested compounds that can help pinpoint promising novel compounds; these can then be evaluated more vigorously using in planta screening assays. © 2024 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Evaluation of two deep learning‐based approaches for detecting weeds growing in cabbage
Authors: Sun Hu , Liu Teng , Wang Jinxu , Zhai Danlan , Yu Jialin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDMachine vision‐based precision weed management is a promising solution to substantially reduce herbicide input and weed control cost. The objective of this research was to compare two different deep learning‐based approaches for detecting weeds in cabbage: (1) detecting weeds directly, and (2) detecting crops by generating the bounding boxes covering the crops and any green pixels outside the bounding boxes were deemed as weeds.RESULTSThe precision, recall, F1‐score, mAP0.5, mAP0.5:0.95 of You Only Look Once (YOLO) v5 for detecting cabbage were 0.986, 0.979, 0.982, 0.995, and 0.851, respectively, while these metrics were 0.973, 0.985, 0.979, 0.993, and 0.906 for YOLOv8, respectively. However, none of these metrics exceeded 0.891 when detecting weeds. The reduced performances for directly detecting weeds could be attributed to the diverse weed species at varying densities and growth stages with different plant morphologies. A segmentation procedure demonstrated its effectiveness for extracting weeds outside the bounding boxes covering the crops, and thereby realizing effective indirect weed detection.CONCLUSIONThe indirect weed detection approach demands less manpower as the need for constructing a large training dataset containing a variety of weed species is unnecessary. However, in a certain case, weeds are likely to remain undetected due to their growth in close proximity with crops and being situated within the predicted bounding boxes that encompass the crops. The models generated in this research can be used in conjunction with the machine vision subsystem of a smart sprayer or mechanical weeder. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Effect of the mycotoxins enniatin B and deoxynivalenol on the wheat aphid Sitobion avenae and on the predatory lacewing Chrysoperla carnea
Authors: Sevarika Milos , Beccari Giovanni , Tini Francesco , Ederli Luisa , Bellezza Ilaria , Covarelli Lorenzo , Romani Roberto 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDFusarium species are responsible for Fusarium head blight (FHB) in wheat, resulting in yield losses and mycotoxin contamination. Deoxynivalenol (DON) and enniatins (ENNs) are common mycotoxins produced by Fusarium, affecting plant, animal and human health. Although DON's effects have been widely studied, limited research has explored the impact of ENNs on insects. This study examines the influence of DON and enniatin B (ENB), both singularly and in combination, on the wheat aphid Sitobion avenae and one of its predators, the lacewing Chrysoperla carnea.RESULTSWhen exposed to DON (100 mg L−1) or DON + ENB (100 mg L−1), S. avenae exhibited significantly increased mortality compared to the negative control. ENB (100 mg L−1) had no significant effect on aphid mortality. DON‐treated aphids showed increasing mortality from 48 to 96 h. A dose–response relationship with DON revealed significant cumulative mortality starting at 25 mg L−1. By contrast, C. carnea larvae exposed to mycotoxins via cuticular application did not show significant differences in mortality when mycotoxins were dissolved in water but exhibited increased mortality with acetone‐solubilized DON + ENB (100 mg L−1). Feeding C. carnea with aphids exposed to mycotoxins (indirect exposure) did not impact their survival or predatory activity. Additionally, the impact of mycotoxins on C. carnea was observed only with acetone‐solubilized DON + ENB.CONCLUSIONSThese findings shed light on the complex interactions involving mycotoxins, aphids and their predators, offering valuable insights for integrated pest management strategies. Further research should explore broader ecological consequences of mycotoxin contamination in agroecosystems. © 2024 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Visible‐light‐driven water‐soluble zinc oxide quantum dots for efficient control of citrus canker
Authors: Rao Wenhua , Yue Qi , Gao Shang , Lei Meiling , Lin Tao , Pan Xiaohong , Hu Jinfeng , Fan Guocheng 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDCitrus canker caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc) is a devastating bacterial disease that reduces citrus yield and quality, posing a serious threat to the citrus industry. Several conventional chemicals have been used to control citrus canker. However, this approach often leads to the excessive use of chemical agents, can exacerbate environmental pollution and promotes the development of resistant Xcc. Therefore, there is significant interest in the development of efficient and environmentally friendly technologies to control citrus canker.RESULTSIn this study, water‐soluble ZnO quantum dots (ZnO QDs) were synthesised as an efficient nanopesticide against Xcc. The results showed that the antibacterial activity of ZnO QDs irradiated with visible light [half‐maximal effective concentration (EC50) = 33.18 μg mL−1] was ~3.5 times higher than that of the dark‐treated group (EC50 = 114.80 μg mL−1). ZnO QDs induced the generation of reactive oxygen species (•OH, •O−2 and 1O2) under light irradiation, resulting in DNA damage, cytoplasmic destruction, and decreased catalase and superoxide dismutase activities. Transcription analysis showed downregulation of Xcc genes related to ‘biofilms, virulence, adhesion’ and ‘DNA transfer’ exposure to ZnO QDs. More importantly, ZnO QDs also promoted the growth of citrus.CONCLUSIONThis research provides new insights into the photocatalytic antibacterial mechanisms of ZnO QDs and supports the development of more efficient and safer ZnO QDs‐based nanopesticides to control citrus canker. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Genome‐wide study of glutathione transferases and their regulation in flufenacet susceptible and resistant black‐grass (Alopecurus myosuroides Huds.)
Authors: Parcharidou Evlampia , Dücker Rebecka , Beffa Roland 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDGlutathione transferases (GSTs) are enzymes with a wide range of functions, including herbicide detoxification. Up‐regulation of GSTs and their detoxification activity enables the grass weed black‐grass (Alopecurus myosuroides Huds.) to metabolize the very‐long‐chain fatty acid synthesis inhibitor flufenacet and other herbicides leading to multiple herbicide resistance. However, the genomic organization and regulation of GSTs genes is still poorly understood.RESULTSIn this genome‐wide study the location and expression of 115 GSTs were investigated using a recently published black‐grass genome. Particularly, the most abundant GSTs of class tau and phi were typically clustered and often followed similar expression patterns but possessed divergent upstream regulatory regions. Similarities were found in the promoters of the most up‐regulated GSTs, which are located next to each other in a cluster. The binding motif of the E2F/DP transcription factor complex in the promoter of an up‐regulated GST was identical in susceptible and resistant plants, however, adjacent sequences differed. This led to a stronger binding of proteins to the motif of the susceptible plant, indicating repressor activity.CONCLUSIONSThis study constitutes the first analysis dealing with the genomic investigation of GST genes found in black‐grass and their transcriptional regulation. It highlights the complexity of the evolution of GSTs in black‐grass, their duplication and divergence over time. The large number of GSTs allows weeds to detoxify a broad spectrum of herbicides. Ultimately, more research is needed to fully elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of GST expression. © 2024 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
New biologically active ionic liquids with benzethonium cation‐efficient SAR inducers and antimicrobial agents
Authors: Czerwoniec Patrycja , Kukawka Rafal , Spychalski Maciej , Koczura Ryszard , Mokracka Joanna , Smiglak Marcin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDAn urgent need to find new methods for crop protection remains open due to the withdrawal from the market of the most toxic pesticides and increasing consumer awareness. One of the alternatives that can be used in modern agriculture is the use of bifunctional compounds whose actions towards plant protection are wider than those of conventional pesticides.RESULTSIn this study, we present the investigation of the biological efficacy of nine dual‐functional salts containing a systemic acquired resistance (SAR)‐inducing anion and the benzethonium cation. A significant result of the presented study is the discovery of the SAR induction activity of benzethonium chloride, which was previously reported only as an antimicrobial agent. Moreover, the concept of dual functionality was proven, as the application of presented compounds in a given concentrations resulted both in the control of human and plant bacteria species and induction of SAR.CONCLUSIONThe strategy presented in this article shows the capabilities of derivatization of common biologically active compounds into their ionic derivatives to obtain bifunctional salts. This approach may be an example of the design of potential new compounds for modern agriculture. It provides plants with two complementary actions allowing to provide efficient protection to plants, if one mode of action is ineffective. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Phyto‐therapeutic potential of Withania somnifera: Molecular mechanism and health implications
Authors: Yadav Nisha , Tripathi Sandhya , Sangwan Neelam S. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWithania somnifera, the plant named Indian ginseng, Ashwagandha, or winter cherry, has been used since ancient times to cure various health ailments. Withania somnifera is rich in constituents belonging to chemical classes like alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, phenolic acids, and withanolides. Several chemotypes were identified based on their phytochemical composition and credited for their multiple bioactivities. Besides, exhibiting neuroprotective, immunomodulatory, adaptogenic, anti‐stress, bone health, plant has shown promising anti‐cancer properties. Several withanolides have been reported to play a crucial role in cancer; they target cancer cells by different mechanisms such as modulating the expression of tumor suppressor genes, apoptosis, telomerase expression, and regulating cell signaling pathway. Though, many treatments are available for cancer; however, to date, no assured reliable cure for cancer is made available. Additionally, synthetic drugs may lead to development of resistance in time; therefore, focus on new and natural drugs for cancer therapeutics may prove a longtime effective alternative. This current report is a comprehensive combined analysis upto 2023 with articles focused on bio‐activities of plant Withania somnifera from various sources, including national and international government sources. This review focuses on understanding of various mechanisms and pathways to inhibit uncontrolled cell growth by W. somnifera bioactives, as reported in literature. This review provides a recent updated status of the W. somnifera on pharmacological properties in general and anti‐cancer in particular and may provide a guiding resource for researchers associated with natural product‐based cancer research and healthcare management.
The influence of aerosol hygroscopicity on clouds and precipitation over Western Ghats, India
Authors: Ray Avishek , Bhowmik Moumita , Hazra Anupam , Pandithurai G. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe examine the role of aerosol hygroscopicity (κ) on the formation of clouds and precipitation over the Western Ghats (WG) in India using various numerical model simulations (i.e., particle‐by‐particle‐based small‐scale, high‐resolution mesoscale model). For the diffusional growth of cloud droplets, the size‐dependent hygroscopicity is used in the κ‐Köhler equation of direct numerical simulation. The results of the small‐scale model reveal that the distribution of cloud drop size varies from the initial mixing state to the well‐mixed state due to variation in κ. The value of κ is obtained from Humidified Tandem Differential Mobility Analyzer (HTDMA) instruments at the High Altitude Cloud Physics Laboratory, India. The idealized and real simulations using the Weather and Research Forecasting (WRF) model with the aerosol‐aware Thompson microphysics scheme are conducted by changing κ values. Depending on the type of clouds (shallow or deep), different κ values determine the mass and number of cloud and rain droplets. Low hygroscopicity (organics) simulates more and smaller drops, as well as uplifts below freezing level, resulting in more ice‐phase hydrometeors. Organic aerosols have a significant impact on the formation of more snow and graupel hydrometeors. As compared to high κ, low hygroscopicity weakens updrafts at the intermediate level and strengthens them at the upper level in the deep cloud region. The intensity of precipitation varies due to low and high κ. The findings indicate that aerosol composition has a significant impact on the activation of cloud condensation nuclei. This study suggests that aerosol hygroscopicity is essential in weather prediction models to integrate aerosol chemical compositions.
Symmetries of differential delay systems with applications to observer design
Authors: Battilotti Stefano 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this paper we construct a general observer theory for differential delay systems based on different types of symmetries (exact symmetry or asymptotic symmetry), ending up with a certain number of semi‐global and global observers, with bounded or unbounded system's solutions. We introduce the notions of symmetry for a differential delay system, being inspired by well‐known definitions of symmetry for an ordinary or partial differential system, and variational symmetry for the associated variational differential delay system. We illustrate observer design procedures in details, by proving that the existence of a (variational asymptotic) symmetry with system's detectability in the first approximation have a central role in the design of a state observer. The symmetry is a one‐parameter group of transformations which maps the system into itself (exact symmetry) or into a different system (asymptotic symmetry), approximating the original one with better and better accuracy as the parameter of the symmetry is larger. The types of symmetries we consider here show an important contractive action on the state and input spaces for which the system's solutions are mapped into arbitrarily small neighbourhoods of the origin in which the transformed system can be well‐approximated by its linearization. The parameter of the symmetry may be constant (semiglobal observers) or updated on‐line by a state norm estimator (global observers).