bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi-bit MRAM based high performance neuromorphic accelerator for image classification
Authors: Verma Gaurav , Soni Sandeep , Nisar Arshid , Kaushik Brajesh Kumar 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Binary neural networks (BNNs) are the most efficient solution to bridge the design gap of the hardware implementation of neural networks in a resource-constrained environment. Spintronics is a prominent technology among emerging fields for next-generation on-chip non-volatile memory. Spin transfer torque (STT) and spin-orbit torque (SOT) based magnetic random-access memory (MRAM) offer non-volatility and negligible static power. Over the last few years, STT and SOT-based multilevel spintronic memories have emerged as a promising solution to attain high storage density. This paper presents the operation principle and performance evaluation of spintronics-based single-bit STT and SOT MRAM, dual-level cells, three-level cells (TLCs), and four-level cells. Further, multi-layer perceptron architectures have been utilized to perform MNIST image classification with these multilevel devices. The performance of the complete system level consisting of crossbar arrays with various MRAM bit cells in terms of area, energy, and latency is evaluated. The throughput efficiency of the BNN accelerator using TLCs is 26.6X, and 3.61X higher than conventional single-bit STT-MRAM, and SOT-MRAM respectively.
Clinical dashboard development and implementation to standardize data capture and reporting across health-system specialty pharmacies
Authors: Fitzpatrick Casey , Kantoris Carson , Giavatto Carly , Lopez-Medina Ana I , Mourani Jessica , Hardin Brandon , Mayol Torres Hector , Skrtic Amber , Rosa Erica 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Purpose
To describe the development and implementation of clinical dashboards to standardize data capturing and reporting across multiple partner health systems.

Summary
Between July and September 2020, clinical dashboards were developed and implemented across multiple partner health-system specialty pharmacies (HSSPs) located throughout the United States. The dashboards were developed via collaboration between personnel involved in clinical subcommittees, clinical outcomes, data analytics, information technology, and clinical and central operations. Utilizing a cloud-scale business intelligence service, patient clinical data documented in a shared patient management system was utilized to create customizable dashboards that displayed patient-reported outcome measures, collected laboratory or test results, and completed pharmacist interventions. Separate dashboards were developed for several disease states and/or medication classes. Based on specialty pharmacy recommendations, medical literature, and clinical guidelines, internally developed disease-specific protocols defined data included in the dashboards and ensured consistent data collection amongst partner health systems. Having access to real-time clinical information allows health systems to closely monitor performance metrics, track patient outcomes, and identify operational gaps.

Conclusion
Accurately capturing and reporting clinical metrics using clinical dashboards can assist HSSPs in delivering high-quality care. Having access to clinical outcome measures allows HSSPs to better understand the impact of their services on patients’ health and quality of life. Health systems can utilize this data to analyze trends and recognize areas of opportunity so that measures can be taken to improve patient care.
Liquid Crystals: A Phenomenological Approach to Complexity of University Students' Identity Formation Through Translanguaging Perspective
Authors: Hori Yaeko , Sugihara Yumi , Wei Li 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In a world with existential issues, inequalities/injustice are (re)emerging in varying degrees around the globe, and yet, each of us strives to sustain our life with our own disappointments/griefs and desires/hopes. Then, identity formation research should elucidate how a human being makes sense of multifaceted voices/dimensions (‘selves’ and ‘(social) identities’) and what propels each to sustain/envision one’s desires/hopes in the future. Thus, based upon the legacy of identity-related research in applied linguistics, we present longitudinal research by a phenomenological approach focusing on ‘international students’ in Japan. In developing the approach, we utilized translanguaging as a holistic conceptualization of human communication and Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis as methodology (interview analysis contextualized with observation and on/off line correspondence data). As a result, the first author interpreted that each student’s life theme/moral aspiration served as a pivot around which various categories/features revolved (solidified/loosened). In such dynamic relationalities, perceptions/ideologies towards named language(s)/identity categories transformed. We argue it is important to interpret why and how each uses/creates categories/labels/binaries as reference points in expressing oneself—not as objective/scientific but as (inter)subjective evidence.
Deciphering Depressor Anguli Oris for Lower Face Rejuvenation: A Prospective Ultrasound-based Investigation
Authors: Zhang Mengyuan , Yang Yuyan , Dong Ruijia , Wang Liquan , Sun Yixin , Li Yunzhu , Wang Zhaojian , Xu Ruichen , Yang Wenqian , Jin Lin , Huang Jiuzuo , Yu Nanze , Long Xiao 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
The depressor anguli oris muscle (DAO) is a pivotal treatment target when creating a harmonic jawline. However, evidence of its live morphology remains scarce.

Objectives
In this study we aimed to reevaluate the DAO with a facile ultrasound analysis and thereby guide safer and more effective botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) injection.

Methods
A prospective ultrasound assessment was conducted in 41 patients. Morphology of the DAO and its relative position to neighboring structures were appraised at the ubiquitous facial landmark, the labiomandibular fold (LMF). Three-dimensional images were captured before and after the patient received the BTX-A injection based on sonographic evidence.

Results
The skin-to-muscle depths of the DAO on average (measured from the medial to lateral border) were 5.26, 5.61, and 8.42 mm. The DAO becomes thinner and wider from zone 1 to zone 3 (P &lt; .001). Overlapping lengths of the DAO and the depressor labii inferioris increased from zone 1 to zone 3: 4.74, 9.68, 14.54 mm (P &lt; .001). The medial border of the DAO was located at 4.33, 6.12, 8.90 mm medial to the LMF (zone 1-3), and no muscle fibers of the DAO were observed in zone 1 or zone 2 in nearly one-third of patients. Improvement of the mouth corner downturn angle upon receiving BTX-A injection at zones 2 and 3 were 88.3%, 32.3%, and 14.7% for the neutral, maximum smile, and down-turning mouth corner expressions.

Conclusions
This work established an informative ultrasound portrait of the DAO and structures in the perioral region, which suggested the LMF as a convenient landmark for locating the DAO. Injection at the middle and lower thirds of the LMF at a 4- to 5-mm depth is recommended.
A Comparative Analysis of Local and Systemic Immunological Biomarkers in Females With Breast Implants and Capsular Contracture
Authors: Spit Karlinde A , Azahaf Siham , de Blok Christel J M , Bachour Yara , Castricum Kitty C M , Thijssen Victor L J L , Oudejans Manon A H , Rustemeyer Thomas , Nanayakkara Prabath W B 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
The etiology of capsular contracture (CC), the most common complication following breast augmentation, remains unclear. Chronic, fibrotic inflammation resulting in excessive fibrosis has been proposed as a potential mechanism.

Objectives
In this study, we aimed to investigate the relation between biomarkers that are associated with inflammation and fibrosis and the severity of CC.

Methods
Fifty healthy females were categorized into 3 groups: females with no-to-mild CC (Baker 1-2; n = 15), females with severe CC (Baker 3-4; n = 20), and a control group awaiting breast augmentation (n = 15). We assessed 5 biomarkers (galectin-1 [Gal-1], interferon-β [INF-β], interferon-γ [INF-γ], interleukin-6 [IL-6], and tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α]) in breast implant capsules and serum samples.

Results
No significant differences in intracapsular cytokine levels were observed between the Baker 1-2 and the Baker 3-4 groups, as the levels were generally low and, in some cases, almost undetectable. In the blood samples, no significant differences in Gal-1, INF-γ, IL-6, or TNF-α levels were found within the 3 groups. We identified significantly increased levels of INF-β (P = .009) in the blood samples of females with severe CC, driven mainly by 3 extremely high values.

Conclusions
The cytokines assessed in this study did not reflect the degree of CC among females with silicone breast implants. However, 3 females with severe CC, who all had prolonged silicone exposure, showed extremely elevated levels of INF-β in their serum samples. This possible association between prolonged silicone exposure and systemic inflammation in some females should be further investigated.

Level of Evidence: 3
ViTAL: Vision TrAnsformer based Low coverage SARS-CoV-2 lineage assignment
Authors: Jahshan Zuher , Yavits Leonid 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Motivation
Rapid spread of viral diseases such as Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) highlights an urgent need for efficient surveillance of virus mutation and transmission dynamics, which requires fast, inexpensive and accurate viral lineage assignment. The first two goals might be achieved through low-coverage whole-genome sequencing (LC-WGS) which enables rapid genome sequencing at scale and at reduced costs. Unfortunately, LC-WGS significantly diminishes the genomic details, rendering accurate lineage assignment very challenging.

Results
We present ViTAL, a novel deep learning algorithm specifically designed to perform lineage assignment of low coverage-sequenced genomes. ViTAL utilizes a combination of MinHash for genomic feature extraction and Vision Transformer for fine-grain genome classification and lineage assignment. We show that ViTAL outperforms state-of-the-art tools across diverse coverage levels, reaching up to 87.7% lineage assignment accuracy at 1× coverage where state-of-the-art tools such as UShER and Kraken2 achieve the accuracy of 5.4% and 27.4% respectively. ViTAL achieves comparable accuracy results with up to 8× lower coverage than state-of-the-art tools. We explore ViTAL’s ability to identify the lineages of novel genomes, i.e. genomes the Vision Transformer was not trained on. We show how ViTAL can be applied to preliminary phylogenetic placement of novel variants.

Availability and implementation
The data underlying this article are available in https://github.com/zuherJahshan/vital and can be accessed with 10.5281/zenodo.10688110.
Selection among site-dependent structurally constrained substitution models of protein evolution by approximate Bayesian computation
Authors: Ferreiro David , Branco Catarina , Arenas Miguel 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Motivation
The selection among substitution models of molecular evolution is fundamental for obtaining accurate phylogenetic inferences. At the protein level, evolutionary analyses are traditionally based on empirical substitution models but these models make unrealistic assumptions and are being surpassed by structurally constrained substitution (SCS) models. The SCS models often consider site-dependent evolution, a process that provides realism but complicates their implementation into likelihood functions that are commonly used for substitution model selection.

Results
We present a method to perform selection among site-dependent SCS models, also among empirical and site-dependent SCS models, based on the approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) approach and its implementation into the computational framework ProteinModelerABC. The framework implements ABC with and without regression adjustments and includes diverse empirical and site-dependent SCS models of protein evolution. Using extensive simulated data, we found that it provides selection among SCS and empirical models with acceptable accuracy. As illustrative examples, we applied the framework to analyze a variety of protein families observing that SCS models fit them better than the corresponding best-fitting empirical substitution models.

Availability and implementation
ProteinModelerABC is freely available from https://github.com/DavidFerreiro/ProteinModelerABC, can run in parallel and includes a graphical user interface. The framework is distributed with detailed documentation and ready-to-use examples.
Development of a highly sensitive TaqMan method based on multi-probe strategy: its application in ASFV detection
Authors: Ding Shuxiang , Shen Tianren , Feng Zixuan , Diao Sujing , Yan Yan , Du Zhenkun , Jin Yulan , Gu Jinyan , Zhou Jiyong , Liao Min , Dong Weiren 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The establishment of high sensitive detection method for various pathogenic microorganisms remains constantly concerned. In the present study, multi-probe strategy was first systematically investigated followed by establishing a highly sensitive TaqMan real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (qPCR) method for detecting African swine fever virus (ASFV). Briefly, four probes based on the B646L gene of ASFV were designed and the effects of different combinations of the probes in a single TaqMan qPCR assay on the detection sensitivity were investigated. As less as 0.5-5 copies/μl of the ASFV gene was detected by the established TaqMan qPCR assay. Furthermore, plasmid harboring the B646L in water samples could be concentrated 1000 times by ultrafiltration to enable a highly sensitive detection of trace viral nucleic acids. Moreover, no cross-reactivity was observed with other common clinical swine viruses such as PCV2, PCV3, PCV4, PEDV, PDCoV, CSFV, PRRSV, and PRV. When detecting 173 clinical porcine serum samples, the coincidence rate between the developed method and WOAH (World Organization of Animal Health) recommended method was 100%. This study might provide an integrated strategy to achieve higher detection sensitivity of trace pathogenic microorganisms and applicably sensitive TaqMan-based qPCR assays.
The dosimetric parameters impact on local recurrence in stereotactic radiotherapy for brain metastases
Authors: Berthet Camille , Lucia François , Bourbonne Vincent , Schick Ulrike , Lecouillard Isabelle , Le Deroff Coralie , Barateau Anais , de Crevoisier Renaud , Castelli Joel 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) for brain metastases (BM) allows very good local control (LC). However, approximately 20%-30% of these lesions will recur. The objective of this retrospective study was to evaluate the impact of dosimetric parameters on LC in cerebral SRT.

Methods
Patients treated with SRT for 1-3 BM between January 2015 and December 2018 were retrospectively included. A total of 349 patients with 538 lesions were included. The median gross tumour volume (GTV) was 2 cm3 (IQR, 0-7). The median biological effective dose with α/β = 10 (BED10) was 60 Gy (IQR, 32-82). The median prescription isodose was 71% (IQR, 70-80). Correlations with LC were examined using the Cox regression model.

Results
The median follow-up period was 55 months (min-max, 7-85). Median overall survival was 17.8 months (IQR, 15.2-21.9). There were 95 recurrences and LC at 1 and 2 years was 87.1% (95% CI, 84-90) and 78.1% (95% CI, 73.9-82.4), respectively. Univariate analysis showed that systemic treatment, dose to 2% and 50% of the planning target volume (PTV), BED10 &gt; 50 Gy, and low PTV and GTV volume were significantly correlated with better LC. In the multivariate analysis, GTV volume, isodose, and BED10 were significantly associated with LC.

Conclusion
These results show the importance of a BED10 &gt; 50 Gy associated with a prescription isodose &lt;80% to optimize LC during SRT for BM.

Advances in knowledge
Isodose, BED, and GTV volume were significantly associated with LC. A low isodose improves LC without increasing the risk of radionecrosis.
Dietary phytoestrogen intake and ovarian cancer risk: a prospective study in the prostate, lung, colorectal and ovarian (PLCO) cohort
Authors: Song Yizuo , Huang Huijun , Jin Mingmin , Cheng Binwei , Wang Shanshan , Yang Xinjun , Hu Xiaoli 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Estrogen plays a crucial role in ovarian tumorigenesis. Phytoestrogens (PEs) are a type of daily dietary nutrient for humans and possess a mild estrogenic characteristic. This study aimed to assess the correlation of the consumption of dietary PEs with ovarian cancer risk using data in the prostate, lung, colorectal and ovarian (PLCO) cancer screening trial. Participants were enrolled in PLCO from 1993 to 2001. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were utilized to determine the association between the intake of PEs and ovarian cancer occurrence, which were calculated by the Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. In total, 24 875 participants were identified upon completion of the initial dietary questionnaire (DQX). Furthermore, the analysis also included a total of 45 472 women who filled out the diet history questionnaire (DHQ). Overall, after adjustment for confounders, the dietary intake of total PEs was significantly associated with the risk of ovarian cancer in the DHQ group (HRQ4vsQ1 = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.50–0.95; P for trend = 0.066). Especially, individuals who consumed the highest quartile of isoflavones were found to have a decreased risk of ovarian cancer in the DHQ group (HRQ4vsQ1 = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.50–0.94; P for trend = 0.032). However, no such significant associations were observed for the DQX group. In summary, this study suggests that increased dietary intake of total PEs especially isoflavones was linked with a lower risk for developing ovarian cancer. More research is necessary to validate the findings and explore the potential mechanisms.
The barriers to sustainable risk transfer in the cyber-insurance market
Authors: Skeoch Henry R K , Ioannidis Christos 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Efficient risk transfer is an important condition for ensuring the sustainability of a market according to the established economics literature. In an inefficient market, significant financial imbalances may develop and potentially jeopardize the solvency of some market participants. The constantly evolving nature of cyber-threats and lack of public data sharing mean that the economic conditions required for quoted cyber-insurance premiums to be considered efficient are highly unlikely to be met. This paper develops Monte Carlo simulations of an artificial cyber-insurance market and compares the efficient and inefficient outcomes based on the informational setup between the market participants. The existence of diverse loss distributions is justified by the dynamic nature of cyber-threats and the absence of any reliable and centralized incident reporting. It is shown that the limited involvement of reinsurers when loss expectations are not shared leads to increased premiums and lower overall capacity. This suggests that the sustainability of the cyber-insurance market requires both better data sharing and external sources of risk tolerant capital.
Automated vessel-specific coronary artery calcification quantification with deep learning in a large multi-centre registry
Authors: Williams Michelle C , Shanbhag Aakash D , Zhou Jianhang , Michalowska Anna M , Lemley Mark , Miller Robert J H , Killekar Aditya , Waechter Parker , Gransar Heidi , Van Kriekinge Serge D , Builoff Valerie , Feher Attila , Miller Edward J , Bateman Timothy , Dey Damini , Berman Daniel , Slomka Piotr J 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Aims
Vessel-specific coronary artery calcification (CAC) is additive to global CAC for prognostic assessment. We assessed accuracy and prognostic implications of vessel-specific automated deep learning (DL) CAC analysis on electrocardiogram (ECG) gated and attenuation correction (AC) computed tomography (CT) in a large multi-centre registry.

Methods and results
Vessel-specific CAC was assessed in the left main/left anterior descending (LM/LAD), left circumflex (LCX), and right coronary artery (RCA) using a DL model trained on 3000 gated CT and tested on 2094 gated CT and 5969 non-gated AC CT. Vessel-specific agreement was assessed with linear weighted Cohen’s Kappa for CAC zero, 1–100, 101–400, and &gt;400 Agatston units (AU). Risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) was assessed during 2.4 ± 1.4 years follow-up, with hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). There was strong to excellent agreement between DL and expert ground truth for CAC in LM/LAD, LCX and RCA on gated CT [0.90 (95% CI 0.89 to 0.92); 0.70 (0.68 to 0.73); 0.79 (0.77 to 0.81)] and AC CT [0.78 (0.77 to 0.80); 0.60 (0.58 to 0.62); 0.70 (0.68 to 0.71)]. MACE occurred in 242 (12%) undergoing gated CT and 841(14%) of undergoing AC CT. LM/LAD CAC &gt;400 AU was associated with the highest risk of MACE on gated (HR 12.0, 95% CI 7.96, 18.0, P &lt; 0.001) and AC CT (HR 4.21, 95% CI 3.48, 5.08, P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusion
Vessel-specific CAC assessment with DL can be performed accurately and rapidly on gated CT and AC CT and provides important prognostic information.
A modified approach to percutaneous ultrasound-guided left stellate ganglion block for drug-refractory electrical storm: a case report
Authors: De Giorgi Francesco , Scaramuzzo Gaetano , Bertini Matteo , Malagù Michele 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
The use of percutaneous stellate ganglion block (SGB) in the management of drug-refractory electrical storm (ES) has been increasingly reported in the last years. Few data are available on the safety, duration, and dosage of local anaesthetic used.

Case summary
A 66-year-old male patient with a history of ischaemic cardiomyopathy and an implantable cardioverter–defibrillator (ICD) presented to the emergency room complaining several ventricular arrhythmias and ICD shocks received in the last 24 h. He was treated with many lines of anti-arrhythmic drugs but his condition deteriorated with cardiovascular instability and respiratory distress, so he was intubated. The ES still worsened (82 episodes of ventricular arrhythmias), so we performed an ultrasound-guided left SGB, using a modified technique, with success in suppressing the ventricular arrhythmias. The patient was then treated with electrophysiological study and catheter ablation.

Discussion
The ultrasound approach to SGB is feasible in emergency setting, and it is safe and effective also using a modified and easier technique in patient with difficult sonographic visualization of the neck structures. Moreover, it is possible and safe to use a combination of short-acting rapid-onset local anaesthetic with a long-lasting one with a good outcome.