bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resolving the eccentricity of stellar mass binary black holes with next generation ground-based gravitational wave detectors
Authors: Saini Pankaj 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
Next generation ground-based gravitational wave (GW) detectors are expected to detect ∼104–105 binary black holes (BBHs) per year. Understanding the formation pathways of these binaries is an open question. Orbital eccentricity can be used to distinguish between the formation channels of compact binaries, as different formation channels are expected to yield distinct eccentricity distributions. Due to the rapid decay of eccentricity caused by the emission of GWs, measuring smaller values of eccentricity poses a challenge for current GW detectors due to their limited sensitivity. In this study, we explore the potential of next generation GW detectors such as Voyager, Cosmic Explorer (CE), and Einstein Telescope (ET) to resolve the eccentricity of BBH systems. Considering a GWTC-3 like population of BBHs and assuming some fiducial eccentricity distributions as well as an astrophysically motivated eccentricity distribution (Zevin et al. 2021), we calculate the fraction of detected binaries that can be confidently distinguished as eccentric. We find that for Zevin eccentricity distribution, Voyager, CE, and ET can confidently measure the non-zero eccentricity for ${\sim} 3\%$, 9%, and 13% of the detected BBHs, respectively. In addition to the fraction of resolvable eccentric binaries, our findings indicate that Voyager, CE, and ET require typical minimum eccentricities ≳0.02, 5 × 10−3, and 10−3 at 10 Hz GW frequency, respectively, to identify a BBH system as eccentric. The better low-frequency sensitivity of ET significantly enhances its capacity to accurately measure eccentricity.
‘Humanity’: Constitution, Value, and Extinction
Authors: Finneron-Burns Elizabeth 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
When discussing the extinction of humanity, there does not seem to be any clear agreement about what ‘humanity’ really means. One aim of this paper is to show that it is a more slippery concept than it might at first seem. A second aim is to show the relationship between what constitutes or defines humanity and what gives it value. Often, whether and how we ought to prevent human extinction depends on what we take humanity to mean, which in turn depends on what we value about humans. Finally, I will offer a definition of humanity that I argue offers a plausible account of when we might say humanity has gone extinct, and reflects what we value about humans, and relatedly, what many actually care about in terms of why we should be preserved.
The development and validation of a needs assessment tool for use with YOUng adult survivors of a CentrAl Nervous system tumor (YOU-CAN)
Authors: Law Kate , McCabe Martin G , van der Veer Sabine N , Yorke Janelle 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Adolescent and young adult (AYA) survivors of a central nervous system (CNS) tumor represent a vulnerable group who can experience: social isolation, low rates of employment, and achieving independence can be compromised, leading to poorer quality of life compared with survivors of other cancer types. The aim of this study is to develop and evaluate the validity of a needs assessment tool (NAT) for AYA survivors of a CNS tumor.

Methods
Items generated using data from 29 qualitative studies and cognitive interviews (n = 8) produced NAT V1.1 (49 items). 128 of 316 eligible participants attending neuro-oncology clinics at 4 NHS sites between June 2022 and March 2023 completed the NAT V1.1 to allow for item reduction and refinement and to evaluate reliability and validity. A pilot study (n = 6) using YOU-CAN in routine follow-up concluded the study.

Results
Hierarchical analysis and Rasch analysis identified 18- and 15-items for removal, respectively. YOU-CAN, comprised of the remaining 16 items, demonstrates excellent test-retest reliability (intra-class correlation coefficient, 0.901, n = 40) and sufficient correlation with the European Quality of Life questionnaire and Supportive Care Needs Survey (Pearson r = 0.433 and 0.590, respectively). Pilot testing showed YOU-CAN triggered discussions of unmet needs in consultations and highlighted the importance of multidisciplinary support.

Conclusions
YOU-CAN is a valid and reliable instrument containing items related to concerns about physical and emotional health; family and relationships; self-acceptance; and independence. Future efforts should examine YOU-CAN’s feasibility, and develop guidance for managing unmet needs. Routine use of YOU-CAN may improve the identification of otherwise undiscussed unmet needs and opportunities to deliver personalized support.
Changes in Inflammatory Cytokines After Chronic Hepatitis C Treatment Among People Living With HIV
Authors: Karimi-Sari Hamidreza , Piggott Damani A , Scully Eileen P , Ward Kathleen , Sutcliffe Catherine G , Sulkowski Mark , Falade-Nwulia Oluwaseun 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the effect of hepatitis C virus cure on serum inflammatory markers among people with HIV. Among 127 people with HIV, serum alanine aminotransferase, soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 1, and inflammatory index score were significantly lower at the 24-week time point in patients who achieved sustained virologic response as compared with those who did not.
An Update From the National Healthcare Safety Network on Hospital Antibiotic Stewardship Programs in the United States, 2014–2021
Authors: O’Leary Erin N , Neuhauser Melinda M , McLees Anita , Paek Margaret , Tappe Jamie , Srinivasan Arjun 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
In 2014, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) released the Core Elements of Hospital Antibiotic Stewardship Programs (ASPs) and began monitoring uptake through the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) Annual Hospital Survey. In 2019, CDC updated the Core Elements and in 2022 released the Priorities for Hospital Core Element Implementation. We describe Core Element uptake from 2014 to 2021, provide a snapshot of specific ASP practices in acute care hospitals in 2021, and describe how we plan to monitor stewardship moving forward.

Methods
We used the NHSN Annual Hospital Survey to summarize facility demographics and ASP practices and to monitor uptake of Core Elements. Questions have been updated over time, so not all data could be compared across years.

Results
Uptake of all 7 Core Elements increased from 41% in 2014 to 95% in 2021. Uptake of all 6 Priority Elements was 10% in 2021, though 46% of hospitals met 4 or 5 of the possible 6 elements. Antibiotic stewardship was specifically listed in a contract or job description for about 60% of program leaders. The percentage of physician-pharmacist co-led programs rose from 23% to 64%. Seventy-six percent of hospitals reported implementing audit with feedback interventions.

Conclusions
With nearly all acute care hospitals reporting uptake of the 7 Core Elements in 2021, and with more evidence for which ASP practices are most effective, the Priorities for Hospital Core Element Implementation were released in 2022 to help enhance the quality and impact of existing ASPs.
Transcription of the Antisense Long Non-Coding RNA, SUPPRESSOR OF FEMINIZATION, Represses Expression of the Female-Promoting Gene FEMALE GAMETOPHYTE MYB in the Liverwort Marchantia polymorpha
Authors: Kajiwara Tomoaki , Miyazaki Motoki , Yamaoka Shohei , Yoshitake Yoshihiro , Yasui Yukiko , Nishihama Ryuichi , Kohchi Takayuki 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Sexual differentiation is a fundamental process in the life cycles of land plants, ensuring successful sexual reproduction and thereby contributing to species diversity and survival. In the dioicous liverwort Marchantia polymorpha, this process is governed by an autosomal sex-differentiation locus comprising FEMALE GAMETOPHYTE MYB (FGMYB), a female-promoting gene, and SUPPRESSOR OF FEMINIZATION (SUF), an antisense strand-encoded long non-coding RNA (lncRNA). SUF is specifically transcribed in male plants and suppresses the expression of FGMYB, leading to male differentiation. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this process remain elusive. Here, we show that SUF acts through its transcription to suppress FGMYB expression. Transgene complementation analysis using CRISPR/Cas9D10A-based large-deletion mutants identified a genomic region sufficient for the sex differentiation switch function in the FGMYB-SUF locus. Inserting a transcriptional terminator sequence into the SUF-transcribed region resulted in the loss of SUF function and allowed expression of FGMYB in genetically male plants, leading to conversion of the sex phenotype from male to female. Partial deletions of SUF had no obvious impact on its function. Replacement of the FGMYB sequence with that of an unrelated gene did not affect the ability of SUF transcription to suppress sense-strand expression. Taken together, our findings suggest that the process of SUF transcription, rather than the resulting transcripts, is required for controlling sex differentiation in M. polymorpha.
Assessment of foot impairment in systemic sclerosis: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Sekyama Juliana Yuri , Coimbra Ibsen Bellini , Sachetto Zoraida , Del Rio Ana Paula Toledo , de Paiva Magalhães Eduardo 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To assess foot function in SSc and its association with socio-demographic and clinical factors. To evaluate mobility, foot alterations, foot pain, and foot care in these patients.

Methods
Consecutive SSc patients underwent structured interviews and physical examinations. Disability was assessed using the HAQ disability index (HAQ-DI) and the Scleroderma HAQ (SHAQ). Foot function was measured using the Foot Function Index (FFI), foot pain using a numeric pain scale (NPS), and mobility using the Timed-Up-and-Go test (TUG).

Results
A total of 101 patients were included. Forefoot pain was observed in 50.5%, hindfoot pain in 31.7%, foot ulcers in 6.9%, foot plantar callosities in 38.6%, foot arthritis in 2.97%, hallux valgus in 9.9%, claw toes in 5%, and valgus ankle in 3% of patients. The mean FFI was 3.54 (±2.6), the mean NPS was 6.08 (±3.58), and the mean TUG test result was 10.52 (±6.5) seconds. Higher FFI scores, increased NPS, and prolonged TUG were associated with RP severity, SHAQ and HAQ-DI. Of the 101 patients, 36.6% of patients reported never having had their feet examined, and only 32.7% had had their feet examined within the past year.

Conclusion
Foot dysfunction and pain are common in SSc. Higher FFI scores, increased pain, and prolonged TUG duration were linked to disability (HAQ-DI and SHAQ). These analyses should be considered exploratory and require confirmation in external cohorts. Routine foot examinations were lacking in clinical practice. Improved attention for evaluating and caring for the feet in SSc patients is needed.
Responses to a “Typical” Morning Dose of Kratom in People Who Use Kratom Regularly: A Direct-Observation Study
Authors: Smith Kirsten E. , Rogers Jeffrey M. , Sharma Abhisheak , McCurdy Christopher R. , Weiss Stephanie T. , Dunn Kelly E. , Feldman Jeffrey D. , Kuntz Michelle A. , Mukhopadhyay Sushobhan , Raju Kanumuri Siva Rama , Taylor Richard C. , Epstein David H. 
Published: January 2024

Introduction
Use of kratom has outpaced systematic study of its effects, with most studies reliant on retrospective self-report.

Methods
We aimed to assess acute effects following kratom use in adults who use regularly, and quantify alkaloids in the products, urine, and plasma. Between July and November 2022, 10 adults came to our clinic and orally self-administered their typical kratom dose; blinding procedures were not used. Physiological measures included blood pressure, respiratory rate, heart rate, pulse oximetry, temperature, and pupil diameter. Subjective outcomes included Subjective Opioid Withdrawal Scale, Addiction Research Center Inventory, and Drug Effects Questionnaire. Psychomotor performance was also assessed.

Results
Participants were 6 men and 4 women, mean age 41.2 years. Nine were non-Hispanic White; 1 was biracial. They had used kratom for 6.6 years (SD, 3.8 years) on average (2.0–14.1). Sessions were 190.89 minutes on average (SD, 15.10 minutes). Mean session dose was 5.16 g (median, 4.38 g; range, 1.1–10.9 g) leaf powder. Relative to baseline, physiological changes were minor. However, pupil diameter decreased (right, b = −0.70, P < 0.01; left, b = −0.73, P < 0.01) 40–80 minutes postdose and remained below baseline >160 minutes. Subjective Opioid Withdrawal Scale pre-dosing was mild (5.5 ± 3.3) and decreased postdose (b = [−4.0, −2.9], P < 0.01). Drug Effects Questionnaire “feeling effects” increased to 40/100 (SD, 30.5) within 40 minutes and remained above baseline 80 to 120 minutes (b = 19.0, P = 0.04), peaking at 72.7/100; 6 participants rated euphoria as mild on the Addiction Research Center Inventory Morphine-Benzedrine-scale. Psychomotor performance did not reliably improve or deteriorate postdosing.

Conclusions
Among regular consumers, we found few clinically significant differences pre- and post-kratom dosing. Alkaloidal contents in products were within expected ranges.
Homozygous Loss of CDKN2 in Primary Cutaneous CD8(+) Lymphoma NOS
Authors: Robson Alistair , Costa Rosa Joaninha , Semkova Kristina , Bakr Farrah , Cabecadas Jose 
Published: January 2024

Abstract:
Primary cutaneous acral CD8(+) lymphoma (AL) has been accepted as primary cutaneous acral CD8-positive T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder in the revised WHO and updated WHO-EORTC lymphoma classifications. Commonly arising on the ears and comprising a clonal cytotoxic CD8+ T-cell infiltrate, almost all cases follow an indolent clinical course. A single aggressive case reported in the literature had a deletion at the CDKN2 locus at 9p21. We report an atypical CD8+ T-cell proliferation arising on the chest of an elderly man who had some similarities to AL but with a very high proliferation rate, absent p16 protein expression, and homozygous loss of the CDKN2 locus using FISH analysis. A diagnosis of peripheral T-cell lymphoma not otherwise specified (PTCL NOS) was preferred. Analyses of 4 cases of AL demonstrated often low p16 protein expression but intact CDKN2 loci. This case raises the problems of the boundaries between AL and PTCL NOS, and a possible role in the loss of p16 function in pathogenesis.
Fine needle biopsy versus fine needle aspiration in the diagnosis of immunohistochemistry-required lesions: A multicenter study with prospective evaluation
Authors: Zhao Yuchong , Xiong Dingkun , Aruna  , Chen Qian , Kuang Dong , Xiong Si , Wang Yun , Yang Yilei , Guo Qiaozhen , Chen Lan , Zhang Jiqiao , Wu Xiaoli , Feng Yunlu , Cheng Bin 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

Objectives
The superiority of EUS–guided fine-needle biopsy (EUS-FNB) over fine-needle aspiration (FNA) remains controversial. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of FNB and FNA in immunohistochemistry (IHC)-required lesions, including, type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP), neuroendocrine tumor (NET), mesenchymal tumor, and lymphoma.

Methods
In this multicenter study, specimens from all eligible patients who underwent EUS-FNB/FNA with these specific lesions were prospectively evaluated. Demographics, adequacy of specimens for IHC, diagnostic accuracy, and integrity of tissue were analyzed. Subgroup analysis and multivariate logistic regression were also performed to control confounders.

Results
A total of 439 patients were included for analysis. Most lesion types were type 1 AIP (41.69%), followed by NET, mesenchymal tumor, and lymphoma. FNB yielded specimens with better adequacy for IHC (82.41% vs. 66.67%, P < 0.001) and higher diagnostic accuracy (74.37% vs. 55.42%, P < 0.001). The superiority of FNB over FNA in adequacy for IHC (odds ratio, 2.786 [1.515–5.291]) and diagnostic accuracy (odds ratio, 2.793 [1.645–4.808]) remained significant after control of confounders including needle size, lesion site, lesion size, and endoscopists. In subgroup analysis, FNB showed higher diagnostic accuracy in AIP and mesenchymal tumor, whereas no statistically significant difference was observed in NET and lymphoma.

Conclusions
FNB was superior to FNA needles in obtaining tissues with better adequacy and integrity. These results suggest that FNB should be considered a first-line modality in the diagnosis of IHC-required lesions, especially AIP and mesenchymal tumor. However, a randomized controlled trial with larger sample size is needed to further confirm our findings.
ENCIRCLING CONTINUOUS SUTURE TECHNIQUE FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF EXTENSIVE TRAUMATIC CYCLODIALYSIS: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Ueta Takashi , Matsuura Tomoyuki , Totsuka Kiyohiyo , Sugimoto Koichiro , Araki Fumiyuki , Toyama Taku , Shiraya Tomoyasu 
Published: January 2024

Purpose:
None of the authors has any financial/conflicting interests to disclose.
The aim of this study was to report a surgical technique of cyclopexy, wherein two laps of encircling continuous sutures are placed around the limbus to treat refractory extensive cyclodialysis.

Methods:
This study employed swept-source optical coherence tomography for anterior segment, color fundus photography, and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography for the macula.

Results:
Previous attempts, including indirect cyclopexy and direct external cyclopexy with gas injection, failed to successfully resolve the severe cyclodialysis and associated hypotonic maculopathy. In the third surgery, two laps of encircling continuous sutures were placed around the limbus at the distances of 2–3 mm and 3–4 mm, respectively, along with phacoemulsification, intraocular lens implantation, and capsular tension ring placement. After surgery, hypotony and hypotonic maculopathy were effectively resolved, resulting in a significant improvement in VA that has been maintained over a year.

Conclusion:
The described surgical technique of encircling continuous sutures may be a viable option for the treatment of severe cyclodialysis.
Understanding Multilevel Factors Related to Retention Among the Direct Care Workforce: Incorporating Lessons Learned in Considering Innovative Interventions
Authors: Bandini Julia I. , Rollison Julia , Etchegaray Jason 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY

Goal:
This article explores how broad, contextual factors may be influential in the retention of direct care workers (DCWs; i.e., entry-level caregivers) who provide vital support to patients in healthcare settings. We reflect on lessons learned from an evaluation of a multisite intervention to improve retention among DCWs employed primarily in hospital settings at three health systems.

Methods:
We evaluated a multitiered program for entry-level caregivers that included a risk assessment, a 4-day curriculum, and follow-up sessions, as well as workforce coaching at the three health systems. As part of our evaluation, we collected data on roughly 3,000 DCWs from the three health systems; the information included hiring date, any transfer date, and any termination date for each new DCW, as well as demographic information, position characteristics, and termination status and reasons for any termination. In addition, we collected information about organizational characteristics, including staffing and number of employees. We also conducted interviews with 56 DCWs and 21 staff members who implemented a retention program across each of the three health systems and remotely conducted virtual observations of the curriculum sessions at each system.

Principal Findings:
Although the program we evaluated focused on individual-level factors that may affect retention, our findings revealed other broader, contextual challenges faced by DCWs that they said would have an impact on their willingness to stay in their positions. These challenges included (1) job-related factors including limited compensation, aspects of the job itself, and the inability to advance in one's position; (2) health system challenges including the mission, policies, staffing, and organizational culture; and (3) external factors including federal policies and the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.

Practical Applications:
As the direct care workforce continues to grow, interventions to improve retention should consider the interconnectedness of these multilevel factors rather than solely individual-level factors. In addition, further research is needed to rigorously evaluate any potential intervention and consider how such an approach can target DCWs in hospital-based settings who are most affected by the multilevel challenges identified. Finally, any intervention to improve retention must be also aligned to ensure equity, especially in this population of low-wage DCWs, many of whom are marginalized women and individuals of color.
Baseline Sleep Characteristics in NCAA Division I Collegiate Athletes
Authors: Goldman Joshua T. , Donohoe Brian , Hatamiya Nicolas , Boland Nelson F. , Vail Jeremy , Holmes Kristen E. , Presby David , Kim Jeongeun , Duffaut Calvin 
Published: January 2024

Objective:
The authors report no conflicts of interest.
To determine baseline sleep characteristics of male/female student-athletes across multiple sports using objective and subjective measures.

Design:
Prospective study.

Setting:
Division I college.

Participants:
Eighty-two male and female Division I student-athletes.

Interventions:
Participants completed 2 validated sleep questionnaires (Epworth Sleepiness Scale [ESS] and Single-Item Sleep Quality Scale [SISQS]) to assess subjective sleep. They also wore a validated sleep monitoring device (WHOOP 4.0 band) for at least 14 nights to collect objective data on total sleep time (TST) and sleep architecture.

Main Outcome Measures:
Overnight sleep variables, including TST, time spent awake in bed after falling asleep, time spent in light sleep, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, and slow-wave sleep (SWS) cycles. Sleep quality and daytime sleepiness were also assessed.

Results:
There were no statistical differences between male and female student-athletes in average TST, sleep architecture, sleep consistency, SISQS, and ESS scores. The average TST was 409.2 ± 36.3 minutes. Sleep architecture consisted of 25.6% REM, 19.9% SWS, and 54.4% light sleep. The average sleep consistency was 61.6% ± 8.9%. The average SISQS score was 6.48 ± 1.71, and the average ESS score was 7.57 ± 3.82. A significant difference was found in average wake time between males and females (55.0 vs 43.7 min, P = 0.020), with an overall average of 50.2 ± 16.2 minutes.

Conclusions:
College student-athletes do not typically obtain the recommended amount of sleep. Optimizing sleep can positively affect academic and athletic performance.