bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantification of oral neutrophil counts in periodontal health and disease utilising a standardised oral rinse
Authors: Dlima Johnson Prakash , Paul Jose , Thomas Senny , Thomas Priya , Antony Jiss 
Published: December 2023

Background and Objectives:
Polymorphonuclear neutrophils are the most abundant leukocytes in humans and are key host cells in defence against invading microorganisms. The oral neutrophil count may be an indicator of the periodontal health status, which correlates with the severity of periodontal disease. This study attempts to quantify orogranulocytes utilising an oral rinse and to assess the usefulness of this method in evaluating the oral inflammatory load much the same way the circulating neutrophils are used to screen for patients with infection in extra-oral sites.

Methods:
A total of 125 participants were divided into five groups with 25 subjects in each group. The groups consisted of healthy, gingivitis, mild periodontitis, moderate periodontitis, and severe periodontitis. Participants were asked to rinse with 10 mL of 0.9% saline for 30 s and to expectorate. Samples were centrifuged at 2000 RPM for 10 min. The supernatant removed was suspended in 5 mL of Hanks’s balanced salt solution. One millilitre of this suspension was mixed with 4 μL of acridine orange. A 10 μL aliquot of this suspension was then assessed on a haemocytometer, and the oral PMNs were counted using fluorescence microscopy.

Results:
The mean number of oral neutrophils (100,000 cells/mL) was the lowest in the healthy group and increased in ascending order across the different groups with the highest for severe periodontitis group.

Conclusion:
The oral neutrophil counts increased with the severity of periodontal inflammation. This is an easy, safe, reliable, and non-invasive method of quantification of oral neutrophils.
Minichromosome maintenance protein 5 – a promising prognostic marker of oral epithelial dysplasias and oral squamous cell carcinomas
Authors: Mathew Lisha , Janardhanan Mahija , Suresh Rakesh , Savithri Vindhya , Aravind Thara , Aiswarya A. 
Published: December 2023

Background:Early diagnosis is the single most effective means of reducing the mortality rate of oral cancer.Aim:This study was undertaken to assess the expression of minichromosome maintenance protein 5 (MCM5) in oral epithelial dysplasias and oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) and to evaluate their possible role as a biomarker for early diagnosis and prognosis of OSCC.Design:A retrospective cross-sectional study.Materials and Methods:The study was conducted to assess the expression of MCM5 immunohistochemically in the tissue samples of oral epithelial dysplasias (n= 27) and OSCCs (n= 30) diagnosed between 2014 and 2019.Statistical Analysis:The difference in the mean nuclear labelling index (LI) between the groups and the subgroups was analysed statistically using the Kruskal–Wallis test and theposthoctest, and the Dunn–Bonferroni multiple comparison analysis was conducted for pairwise comparison between the four main groups and the subgroups. The association between mean MCM5 LI and clinicopathological parameters was analysed using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient.Results:A progressive increase in the nuclear expression of MCM5 protein (P-value <0.001) was noticed from normal oral mucosa through oral epithelial hyperplasia and oral epithelial dysplasia to OSCC. A significant correlation was also observed between the mean nuclear MCM5 LI of OSCC and TNM staging (R2= 0.268,P= 0.029).Conclusion:Our findings suggest that MCM5 may be of great value in assessing the malignant potential of dysplastic lesions and may serve as biomarker of utility in the early diagnosis and prognosis of OSCC.
A study of psychiatric comorbidities and quality of life in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in a tertiary care hospital in Telangana
Authors: Ganduri Madhu Vamsi , Rebelli Rajashekar , Soorinedu Rajendhar , Kasimahanti Siva Prasad 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Diabetes affects physical and psychological and social health. Sufficient literature exists on management by self and psychosocial methods for diabetes, but there exists a paucity of literature on psychological response and unaddressed emotional distress on overall health. Many studies have shown that diabetes has a bad impact on quality of life (QOL). This study is done for estimating psychiatric morbidity prevalence and its influence on QOL in diabetic patients.

Aim:
We aimed to study psychiatric comorbidities and QOL in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in a tertiary care hospital.

Methodology:
This was a study done cross-sectionally over a period of 18 months on a sample of 108 subjects at the Psychiatry Department and General Medicine Department, Government Medical College and General Hospital, Nizamabad. The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview PLUS 5.0 and World Health Organization QOL-BREF scales were the survey tools used. Data analysis was done using statistical methods.

Results:
The prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities among diabetic patients was found to be 58.3%, with Depression (17.6%) being the most common comorbidity, followed by Dysthymia (13.8%). QOL of patients with T2DM with psychiatric comorbidity was significantly poorer (P = 0.001) in physical health domain (P = 0.04) and psychological domain (P = 0.01), while it was relatively better in environment domain (P = 0.2) and social relationships domain (P = 0.5).

Conclusion:
This study concludes that psychiatric comorbidities are common comorbidities in persons with T2DM. Moreover, psychiatric comorbidities further reduce QOL in individuals having T2DM.
A study on the pathway to care among patients with first episode psychosis attending a tertiary health care center in North Karnataka
Authors: Swamy Anusha M. , Mangalwedhe Sameer Belvi , Hiremath Shivanand B. , Desai Mahesh 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Context:
Early treatment of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders has a significant impact on the prognosis and outcome of these disorders. To reduce the time of untreated psychosis, it is necessary to know the help-seeking behavior and the path taken by the patients and their caregivers. Efforts at reducing the time to initiate treatment for first-episode psychosis (FEP) are very much needed. The pathway to care helps in determining various factors associated with the delay and also creates awareness regarding the negative pathway determinants.

Aim:
This study aims to find out the pathway to care in FEP.

Settings and Design:
This is a hospital-based, time-bound, cross-sectional study, conducted from January to June 2022 in the department of psychiatry of a tertiary health care center in North Karnataka.

Subjects and Methods:
Basic sociodemographic, clinical, and details related to pathway to care were collected using semi-structured pro forma. MINI plus 5.0.0 and International Classification of Diseases-10 DCR were used to assess and confirm the diagnosis. Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale was used to measure the severity of symptoms.

Statistical Analysis:
Data were compiled and appropriate statistical tests were used to analyze the data with the help of SPSS version 17.0.

Results:
Sixty-one cases of FEP were assessed. The majority (44.2%) of the cases were diagnosed with acute and transient psychotic disorders and 16.4% were schizophrenia. The median duration of untreated psychosis was 30 days (15–150 days). For the majority (54.1%) of the patients, first contact was faith healers and for 31.1%, it was mental health facilities.

Conclusion:
The most common pathway taken by the patients was faith healers as they were easily available in rural areas and free from stigma associated with mental illness. These findings can be utilized in making policies to increase awareness about mental health and also about the availability of mental health services.
Gender differences in recall, recognition and metamemory among undergraduate college students
Authors: Samala Niveditha , Chilukuri Harihar 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
It is a popular notion that there is a gender difference in memory. Research in this area suggests that women outperform in certain memory tasks and men in other. A recent meta-analysis concluded that there was no significant difference among the genders. Metamemory, on the other hand, is a multidimensional construct that includes what people believe about their own memory and how they control and monitor their memory processes.

Aim:
To compare recall, recognition, and metamemory against gender variable in undergraduates.

Methods:
Students were given questionnaires which included the following components: (1) consent form; (2) demographic sheet; (3) semistructured questionnaire for strategic approach to memory retrieval; (4) set of 20 general knowledge questions were given both in fill in the blank (FIB) and multiple-choice question (MCQ) formats; and (5) multifactorial memory questionnaire (MMQ). Thus, the collected data from 250 students were subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS version 21.

Results:
(1) There was no statistically significant difference in strategic approach to memory retrieval among genders. (2) Means of FIB-MCQ scores were 3.33 in males and 3.125 in females. (3) Percentage of male participants scoring above average scores on MMQ A1 and A2 was double that of female participants, whereas above average A3 percentage was slightly higher in females. (4) A negative correlation was found between MCQ-FIB score and A1 and A3 scores in females, whereas this correlation was positive in males.

Conclusion:
(1) There is no difference among genders in (i) Strategic approach to memory retrieval. (ii) Recall and recognition of their semantic memory. (iii) Scores on MMQ. (2) Males had a positive correlation between MMQ scores and retrieval by recognition whereas females had a negative correlation indicating a better recall is correlated to better metamemory.
Food addiction: A perspective
Authors: Kosana Devika , Ayyalasomayajula Rajesh 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
Food addiction (FA) refers to an excessive and dysregulated consumption of high-calorie foods that are hyperpalatable. Although it does not feature in the current classificatory systems of psychiatric disorders, it has gained prominence as a result of the obesity pandemic. It shares many features with addictive disorders and eating disorders such as binge eating disorder and bulimia nervosa. Changes in the brain–gut–microbiome interactions, genetic polymorphisms (dopamine, opioid, leptin, and melanocortin-4 receptor), and altered connectivity in various brain circuits are some of the etiological factors for the development of FA. Depression, anxiety, emotional dysregulation, impaired decision-making, high impulsivity and neuroticism, lower conscientiousness, and extraversion are some of the risk factors for FA. When confronted with excess stress or burnout, predisposed individuals consume food for comfort-seeking and to avoid unpleasant emotions placing them at a greater risk of FA. Lifestyle modification, cognitive behavior therapy, pharmacotherapy, cognitive training, psychobiotics, low carbohydrate ketogenic therapy, self-help groups, virtual reality, and neuromodulation techniques can be incorporated into the management of FA. Unless FA and its comorbidities are identified and managed appropriately, it will impede weight loss, and the results of interventions for the management of obesity will not be sustained. Preventive strategies include early identification and management of at-risk adolescents, incorporating programs promoting healthy food choices and eating habits, and more regulation of pleasurable foods in child and youth settings. The onus of taking responsibility to implement measures to curb FA lies with the food industry, governments through statutory regulations, and the society at large.
Peranan LAZISNU Sidoarjo dalam Meningkatkan Kesejahteraan Ekonomi Masyarakat di Kabupaten Sidoarjo
Authors: Faruq Muhammad Al , Masduqie Muhammad Hamdan Ali , Julaihah Umi 
Published: December 2023

Kesejahteraan ekonomi masyarakat di Indonesia dapat dibilang masih sangat rendah. Menurut Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS), data rata-rata rumah tangga miskin di Indonesia mencapai 4,74 orang. Dan di provinsi Jawa Timur, data rata-rata rumah tangga miskin berada di posisi urutan pertama mencapai 4,181 juta orang. Sedangkan mayoritas penduduk di Indonesia adalah beragama Islam. Badan Amil Zakat Nasional (BAZNAS) memberikan perkiraan jika di Indonesia, potensi dari Zakat, Infak, Sedekah dan Wakaf (ZISWAF) telah mencapai lebih dari 500 triliun rupiah. Bahkan kurun waktu 5 tahun ke depan diharapkan dapat memperoleh jumlah ZISWAF sebesar 50-60 triliun rupiah melalui kerjasama dengan Bank Syariah Indonesia (BSI). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menjawab rumusan masalah yakni bagaimana peranan LAZISNU Sidoarjo dalam meningkatkan kesejahteraan ekonomi masyarakat di Kabupaten Sidoajo. Metode penelitian yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yakni pendekatan kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini didapatkan melalui observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Observasi dilakukan untuk mengetahui gambaran umum dan situasi atau kondisi lapangan pada lembaga filantropi tersebut. Wawancara dilakukan dengan teknik triangulasi sumber untuk memperoleh keabsahan data melalui pengurus LAZISNU Sidoarjo dan mustahik atau penerima bantuan dari program penyaluran Zakat, Infaq dan Shadaqah (ZIS) yang telah diterapkan. Pada penelitian ini, teknik analisis data didapatkan melalui reduksi data, penyajian data serta verifikasi data. Dalam penelitian ini, memiliki hasil yaitu dengan adanya program bantuan yang bersifat konsumtif maupun produktif, mustahik merasa sangat senang dan bahagia. Sebab dari dana maupun modal yang didapatkan tersebut mampu membantu mustahik dalam memenuhi kebutuhan hidup dan pengembangan usaha yang akan dan telah berlangsung selama itu. Keberhasilan tersebut juga tak terlepas dari mekanisme pengelolaan ZIS yang telah diimplementasikan oleh LAZISNU Sidoarjo meliputi perencanaan, pengorganisasian, pelaksanaan dan pengawasan. Sehingga Peranan LAZISNU Sidoarjo dalam Meningkatkan Kesejahteraan Ekonomi Masyarakat di Kabupaten Sidoarjo telah berjalan secara efektif dan efisien.
Kata kunci: Peranan, LAZISNU, Zakat Infaq Shadaqah (ZIS), Kesejahteraan Ekonomi
PENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA DENGAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROJECT BASED LEARNING KELAS V SD SWASTA PAB 10 SAMPALI
Authors: Nazaruddin Ilham , S Ronald Mahmud , Sari Eri Novita 
Published: December 2023

Penelitian ini membahas terkait Hasil penelitin menggunakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa melalui peningkatan model pembelajaran Project Based Learning pada mata pelajaran Matematika di kelas V SD PAB 10 Sampali dengan materi bangun ruang dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Pembelajaran dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran Project Based Learning, dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa. Pada Siklus I, hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran Matematika meningkat mencapai 59,5% dengan jumlah siswa yang tuntas sebanyak 11 orang siswa dan siswa yang tidak tuntas menurun sebanyak 19 orang siswa dengan presentase 59,5% dan Pada siklus II hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran sains meningkat secara signifikan hingga mencapai 89,83% dengan jumlah siswa yang tuntas sebanyak 28 orang siswa sedangkan yang tidak tuntas hanya 2 orang siswa dengan persentase 10,17%. Dengan demikian dari hasil siklus II sudah menujukkan terjadinya peningkatan pada siklus II.
How Trees Shape Urban Spaces: Multiplicity and Differentiation of the
Urban Forest Viewed from a Visual-Spatial Perspective
Authors: de Wit Saskia Irene , van der Velde John René Timothy 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
The field of urban forestry encompasses many dimensions, of which
that of visual-spatial perception, addressing the spatial relationship
between city and trees, has received little attention. Analyzing the
urban forest from a visual-spatial perspective is needed to understand
relationships between different components as well as site-specific
qualities.

Methods
Tree configurations describe the relationship between form and
space, determined by the relative disposition of the trees which result
from an interaction between design and the development over time. Based
on field observations, with the city of Delft in the Netherlands as a
case study, 35 generic tree configuration types have been defined. With
this “vocabulary,” specific tree configurations and their relations are
researched, describing the urban forest from an eye-level perspective as
an essential level on which the spatiality of the urban forest can be
understood.

Results
Unraveling the urban forest components by comparing two emblematic
ensembles of tree configurations allows an understanding of their
heterogeneity as well as their coherence and dynamics.

Conclusions
The relationship of the tree vocabulary with the specific location
exposes their role as an ordering structure and a carrier of the
identity of Delft, and their differentiation and site-specific
qualities, revealing a composition of wooded areas each with their own
characteristics, shows both urban and forested areas as equivalent
components of an urban forest mosaic. This differentiation can be used
as a tool for strengthening relations between the different components
as well as diversity and heterogeneity in urban forests.
White dwarfs and blue stragglers in the open clusters, an analysis of the population at the base of a search in the ultraviolet wavelengths
Authors: Селезнев А.Ф. , Михневич В.О. 
Published: December 2023

Яркие белые карлики и голубые бродяги являются одними из самых ярких объектов в старых рассеянных и шаровых звездных скоплениях при наблюдениях в ультрафиолетовом диапазоне. Поэтому «Спектр-УФ» позволяет эффек- тивно обнаруживать такие звезды и определять основные свойства их населений в скоплениях. В первую очередь представляет интерес их пространственное распределение и доля среди вероятных членов скоплений. Количество белых карликов может дать информацию о количестве звезд с массой примерно до 10 масс Солнца, которые роди- лись в составе данного скопления, что важно для построения начальной функции масс. Количество голубых бродяг даст информацию о количестве двойных систем, в которых происходил значительный обмен веществом между ком- понентами. Приводится список рассеянных скоплений, в которых «Спектр-УФ» может быть использован для поиска белых карликов и голубых бродяг.
Bright white dwarfs and blue stragglers are among the brightest objects in the old open clusters and globular clusters when one observes in the ultraviolet range of a spectrum. Consequently, the Spectr-UV mission allows to detect these stars effectively and determine the general properties of their populations in the clusters. The space distribution and the fraction of white dwarfs and blue stragglers among the probable cluster members are of essential interest. The number of the white dwarf stars can inform us about the number of stars with masses up to approximately 10 solar masses which were born in the cluster. This, in turn, is influential for a construction of the initial mass function. The number of the blue straggler stars gives an information on the binary systems with an intensive mass exchange in the past. We propose the list of open clusters, where Spectr-UV can be used to search white dwarfs and blue stragglers.
UV radiation of the first stars and the 21 cm absorption line of neutral hydrogen
Authors: Ерошенко Ю.Н. 
Published: December 2023

УФ-излучение первых звезд, формирующихся в догалактическую эпоху, приводит к выравниваю спиновой и кине- тической температуры нейтрального водорода за счет эффекта Ваутхейзена-Филда, что создает условия для допол- нительного поглощения реликтовых фотонов в линии 21 см. В данной работе исследовано поглощение на звуковых волнах, генерируемых эволюционирующими объектами из темной материи в масштабах масс, меньших массы Джин- са. Ранее этот канал поглощения не учитывался. Выполнен расчет структуры звуковых волн и поля скоростей в них. Источник гравитационного поля, создающий волну, может находиться как на линейной стадии, если возмущение в темной материи слабое, так и на нелинейной, когда сгущение темной материи уже обособилось и вириализовалось. Пекулярные скорости барионов в звуковой волне (во втором порядке по скорости) ответственны за дополнительное поглощение реликтового излучения в линии 21 см. Хотя эффект дополнительного поглощения мал, с повышением точности наблюдений он может быть замечен. Дополнительное поглощение может иметь большую величину в слу- чае нестандартного спектра космологических возмущений на малых масштабах. Поглощение реликтового излучения в линии 21 см может давать косвенную информацию об УФ-фоне в ранней Вселенной и его источниках.
UV radiation of the first stars formed in the pre-galactic epoch leads to equalization of the spin and kinetic temperature of neutral hydrogen due to the Wouthuysen-Field effect, which creates conditions for additional absorption of relic photons in the 21 cm line. In this work, absorption on sound waves generated by evolving dark matter objects at mass scales smaller than the Jeans mass is investigated. Previously, this absorption channel was not taken into account. The structure of sound waves and velocity fields in them are calculated. The source of the gravitational field that creates the wave can be both at the linear stage, if the perturbation in the dark matter is weak, and at the nonlinear stage, when the dark matter condensation has already separated and virialized. The pecular velocities of the baryons in the sound wave (in the second order of velocity) are responsible for the additional absorption of the relic radiation in the 21 cm line. Although the effect of additional absorption is small, with an increase in the accuracy of observations, it can be noticed. The additional absorption may have a large value in the case of a non-standard spectrum of cosmological disturbances on small scales. Absorption of the relic radiation in the 21 cm line can provide indirect information about the UV background in the early Universe and its sources.
Inciting Change Makers in an Online Community Engaged Learning Environment During Pandemic Restrictions: Lessons from a Disability Studies and Community Rehabilitation Program
Authors: Edwards Meaghan , Rankin Joanna 
Published: December 2023

This practice-based article presents strategies employed in the shifting of the Community Engaged Learning (CEL) components of an undergraduate program in community rehabilitation and disability studies (CRDS) to an online modality during the 2020-2021 Covid-19 restrictions. The CRDS program, based in Calgary, Canada places high importance on CEL with a focus on critical engagement, mentorship, and community action for social justice. The Inciting Change Makers (ICM) framework, which we present here, is foundational to our teaching and learning in this field. During the pandemic restrictions, we found the framework not only supported us to engage learners in our focus areas for inciting change, but also provided the opportunity to consider ways that the online learning environment enhanced the CEL practica experience.
Using vignettes, we demonstrate the successful use of the ICM framework in an online CEL context to develop a more authentic, engaged and inclusive community of learners. Three vignettes illustrate specific approaches used to carry out meaningful, impactful CEL opportunities in a mandated online environment. Lessons from these strategies may assist similar programs in adapting their own Community Engaged Learning programs in an increasingly online world.