bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for screening of milk samples for Salmonella typhimurium in dairy herds
Authors: Hoorfar J. , Wedderkopp A. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
We investigated the ability of an antibody-specific, O antigen-based elisa to document Salmonella typhimurium herd infections by screening of milk samples. Three cattle populations, 20 herds with no history of salmonellosis, 8 herds with history of S typhimurium epsiodes within the previous 7 months, and 220 herds of unknown disease status, were tested. A herd was considered elisa positive if at least 5% of the cows had OD values > 0.3. Among the 20 herds without history of salmonellosis, only 2 herds were elisa positive, whereas all 8 herds with a known history of salmonellosis were elisa positive (herd specificity, 0.9 and herd sensitivity, 1.0). A significant correlation (P < 0.001) was found between the OD values of serum and milk samples from cows in the herds with a history of salmonellosis. It was concluded that elisa testing of individual milk samples can be used for surveillance of herds for S typhimurium infections, but further modifications are needed to test bulk tank milk samples.
Development and characterization of a flow cytometric assay for detection of platelet-bound immunoglobulin G in dogs
Authors: Lewis David C. , McVey D. Scott , Shuman Wilma S. , Muller Wayne B. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To develop a flow cytometric assay for detection of platelet-bound IgG in dogs.

Sample Population
Negative-control platelets were obtained from 5 clinically normal Greyhounds. Positive-control platelets were platelets from 1 clinically normal dog, sensitized with dog anti-canine platelet alloantibodies.

Procedure
Washed platelets were incubated with mouse anti-canine IgG conjugated to fluorescein isothiocyanate and analyzed by flow cytometry. Optimal dilution of antibody reagent and dose-response were determined, as were effects on platelet-bound IgG detection of storage time and temperature of K3EDTA-anticoagulated blood samples, variable platelet numbers, and variable filling of K3EDTA evacuated tubes.

Results
A 1:128 dilution of antibody reagent was optimal. There was a linear increase in platelet-bound IgG when normal canine platelets were incubated with increasing concentrations of positive-control serum. Variable numbers of positive-control platelets tested and variable filling of K3EDTA evacuated tubes had no significant effect on platelet-bound IgG concentration. Platelet-bound IgG concentration increased with storage time at room temperature (P = 0.0003), but not when blood was kept cool. Sufficient platelets for assay were able to be isolated from 3 ml of blood from 5 dogs with < 10,000 platelets/μl.

Conclusions
This assay for platelet-bound IgG in dogs is simple, repeatable, and practical. The assay is not affected by platelet count or variable filling of evacuated tubes, and requires only 3 ml of K3EDTA-anticoagulated blood. Blood samples for testing require packaging on ice and overnight delivery but, after arrival at the laboratory, can be refrigerated and analyzed within 72 hours of collection.

Clinical Relevance
Assays for platelet-bound IgG may help in assessing causes and treatment of thrombocytopenia.
Effect of diethylstilbestrol or zeranol on fetal development, gestation duration, and number of offspring in NMRI mice
Authors: Pérez-Martínez C. , García-Iglesias M. J. , Bravo-Moral A. M. , Ferreras-Estrada M. C. , Martínez-Rodríguez J. M. , Escudero-Díez A. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate the effects of diethylstilbestrol (des) or α-zearalanol (zeranol) on fetal development, gestation duration, and number of offspring.

Design
Study effects of prenatal administration of des or zeranol on various pre- and perinatal variables in an experimental group of mice, compared with effects in a control group.

Animals
Pregnant NMRI mice.

Procedure
Diethylstilbestrol or zeranol (150 mg/kg of body weight) or vehicle (controls) was administered sc to pregnant mice on days 9 and 10 of gestation. Fetuses from pregnant mice of each group were counted and weighed, and their size and head length were recorded. Additional pregnant mice delivered their fetuses naturally, and pups from each group were counted and their sex was determined. At the end of gestation, abortions were evaluated. All data were statistically analyzed.

Results
Mean number of fetuses was significantly lower (P < 0.0001) in des-treated (4.59 ± 0.48) than in control mice (8.33 ± 0.49). Both estrogenic substances significantly reduced fetal size and weight (P < 0.0001), compared with control mice. Diethylstilbestrol significantly increased abortion frequency (P < 0.0001) and gestation duration (P < 0.0001), compared with values for control mice. A reduced number of live pups (P < 0.0001) from pregnant mice administered des (5.48 ± 0.38) or zeranol (5.97 ± 0.49) was observed, compared with control mice (8.52 ± 0.50), because of reduced number of male offspring (P < 0.0001).

Conclusions
Diethylstilbestrol or zeranol administered during mid-pregnancy leads to decreased fetal weight and size and lower numbers of male offspring at birth. Likewise, des induced a significant increase in abortions and gestation duration.
Detection of strain-specific antigenic epitopes on the lipo-oligosaccharide of Haemophilus parasuis by use of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies
Authors: Zucker Bert A. , Baghian Abolghasem , Truax Robert , O’Reilly Kathy L. , Storz Johannes 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To investigate the antigenic diversity of lipo-oligosaccharides of Haemophilus parasuis.

Procedures
Immunoblot assays were done with monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies on whole-cell lysates. Individual colonies of H parasuis strains H 54, H 53, and H 128 were tested for reactivity with lipo-oligosaccharide-specific monoclonal antibodies after a single passage on chocolate agar, and colonies of strain H 54 were analyzed after 10 passages. Colony blot tests were used to screen H parasuis strains for spontaneously occurring antigenic variation in their lipo-oligosaccharides.

Results
Eight H parasuis strains were separated into 4 lipo-oligosaccharide serovars on the basis of immunoblot reactions with 3 polyclonal rabbit antisera. Nine monoclonal antibodies against lipo-oligosaccharides of a lipo-oligosaccharide-serovar I strain reacted with all tested serovar I strains but failed to react with other H parasuis strains.

Conclusions
Variations in the antigenic reactivity after 1 or 10 passages on chocolate agar were not observed. The serovar I lipo-oligosaccharide strains included virulent as well as avirulent H parasuis strains, indicating that these epitopes do not correlate directly with virulence properties of H parasuis. (Am J Vet Res 1996;57:63-67)
Ampicillin and amoxicillin residue detection in milk, using microbial receptor assay (Charm II) and liquid chromatography methods, after extra-label administration of the drugs to lactating cows
Authors: Anderson Kevin L. , Moats William A. , Rushing John E. , Wesen Donald P. , Papich Mark G. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
A microbial receptor assay method (MRAM; Charm II test) for β-lactam antibiotics and a liquid chromatography (LC) method with a detection limit of 2 to 5 ppb were evaluated for detection of ampicillin or amoxicillin residues in milk samples from individuell cows.

Design
The MRAM was compared to the LC in 2 respects. Measured concentrations of drugs were compared, as well as the classification of samples relative to the FDA tolerance value of 10 ppb.

Animals
A total of 6 clinically normal lactating Holstein cows were used per drug.

Procedure
Ampicillin trihydrate or amoxicillin trihydrate was administered at an extra-label dosage of 22 mg/kg of body weight, IM, once to each of 6 cows/drug. Milk samples were collected at milkings prior to and for 156 hours after drug administration. Drug concentrations in milk samples from individual cows were determined by use of the MRAM and LC tests. Additionally, the classification of milk samples relative to the presence or absence of residues above the FDA tolerance value was determined. Pharmacokinetic analysis was performed on derived milk drug concentrations.

Results
Concentration of ampicillin in milk samples from all cows was < 10 ppb by the MRAM and LC methods by the fourth milking (48 hours) after treatment with ampicillin. Values were < 10 ppb by both methods for all cows treated with amoxicillin by the sixth milking (72 hours) after treatment. For individual milk samples, significant differences were found between test methods in the proportion of positive (failing) tests; the MRAM had a higher proportion of presumptive positives.

Conclusions
Even at an extra-label dosage of 22 mg/kg, IM, milk residues > 10 ppb (the FDA tolerance value) were not detected beyond the label milk withholding times for ampicillin (48 hours) and amoxicillin (96 hours). When used for testing milk of individual cows by the control point procedure, the MRAM had a tendency to give presumptive positive test results for milk samples containing < 10 ppb ampicillin or amoxicillin as determined by LC. (Am J Vet Res 1996;57:73-78)
Use of hypertonic saline-dextran solution to resuscitate hypovolemic calves with diarrhea
Authors: Constable Peter D. , Gohar Hani M. , Morin Dawn E. , Thurmon John C. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To determine effectiveness of a new and practical method for fluid resuscitation of dehydrated diarrheic calves.

Design
Animals randomly allocated to 4 groups with appropriate controls.

Animals
16 healthy male dairy calves, 3 to 6 days old.

Procedure
After instrumentation and recording baseline data, diarrhea and hypovolemia were induced by administering milk replacer (33 ml/kg of body weight) and isotonic sucrose solution (2 g of sucrose in 19.5 ml of water/kg, PO) every 8 hours, and furosemide (2 mg/kg, IM) every 4 to 8 hours. Administration of milk replacer and furosemide was discontinued when calves became 6% dehydrated. Calves were then randomly allocated as: control (no treatment); hypertonic saline-dextran (HSD) solution (4 ml/kg, 2,400 mOsm/L NaCl in 6% dextran-70, administered once over 4 minutes, IV); isotonic alkalinizing oral electrolyte solution (55 ml/kg, PO, q 8 h); and HSD-oral electrolyte solution (combination of HSD and oral treatments). Calves were monitored for 24 hours after treatment.

Results
Significant changes included moderate dehydration (8% body weight), marked lethargy, decreased cardiac output and plasma volume, and increased blood lactate concentration, hematocrit, and serum concentrations of albumin, creatinine, sodium, and phosphate. Control calves continued to be lethargic and dehydrated, with significant increases in hematocrit and serum creatinine concentration. Increase in cardiac output and plasma volume was transient in the HSD group and waned by 2 to 8 hours after treatment. Oral electrolyte fluid administration caused slow and sustained increase in cardiac output and plasma volume, and decrease in heart rate, blood lactate concentration, and hematocrit. Combined administration of HSD-oral electrolyte solution caused immediate and sustained increase in cardiac output and plasma volume, and decrease in heart rate, blood lactate concentration, and hematocrit.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance
Treatment of hypovolemic diarrheic calves with IV HSD and oral electrolyte solution is superior to administration of either solution alone. (Am J Vet Res 1996;57:97-104)
Effect of heartworm infection on fade of norepinephrine-induced constriction in canine pulmonary vein
Authors: Mupanomunda Maria , Williams Jeffrey F. , Kaiser Lana 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To test the possible role of endothelial cells in mediating fade of norepinephrine-induced constriction and the effect of heartworm infection on these responses.

Design
Rings of pulmonary vein from control and heartworm-infected dogs were constricted with norepinephrine (10−5.5M) and followed over 65 minutes. Time profiles were established by measuring active tension every 2 minutes for the first 10 minutes, then every 5 minutes for 15 minutes, then every 10 minutes for 40 minutes. Time profiles were done in pulmonary vein rings with and without endothelial cells, and in the presence and absence of N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; nitric oxide synthase inhibitor), mefenamic acid (cyclooxygenase inhibitor), or methylene blue (guanylate cyclase inhibitor).

Animals
12 noninfected control and 11 heartworm-infected dogs.

Results
Pulmonary vein constricted with norepinephrine spontaneously loses tension (fades) over time. Fade was not different between control and heartworm-infected dogs. In pulmonary vein from control dogs, methylene blue decreased fade while L-NAME and mefenamic acid did not. In pulmonary vein from heartworm-infected dogs, L-NAME and methylene blue significantly decreased fade, but mefenamic acid did not.

Conclusion
Nitric oxide, but not cyclooxygenase products, mediates fade of norepinephrine-induced constriction in pulmonary vein from heartworm-infected dogs. In control dogs, neither nitric oxide nor cyclooxygenase products appear to be involved in fade. We conclude that in canine pulmonary vein, fade of norepinephrine-induced constriction is mediated, in part, by endothelial cells.

Clinical Relevance
Altered production of endothelium-derived relaxing factors may be important in the pathogenesis of heartworm disease.
Plasma, urine, and synovial fluid disposition of methylprednisolone acetate and isoflupredone acetate after intra-articular administration in horses
Authors: Lillich J. D. , Bertone A. L. , Schmall L. M. , Ruggles A. J. , Sams R. A. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To document plasma, urine, and synovial fluid disposition of 2 common intra-articularly administered steroid preparations, methylprednisolone acetate (MPA) and isoflupredone acetate (IPA).

Design
Descriptive investigation.

Sample Population
100 mg of MPA or 4 mg of IPA was administered to 2 groups of 4 healthy sound radiographically normal female horses.

Procedure
Blood samples were collected at time 0 (before) and 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, and 96 hours after administration of the designated steroid. Complete urine collection for measurement of designated steroid was accomplished by use of occluding 28-F balloon catheters. Synovial fluid samples were aseptically aspirated from the injected and contralateral uninjected tarsocrural joint at time 0 and 8, 24, 48, 240, and 672 hours after administration of the designated steroid. All samples were screened by ELISA to detect parent drug or metabolite equivalent, with a sensitivity of 2.5 ng/ml for MPA and 0.1 ng/ml for IPA. If drug was detected by ELISA in the plasma or synovial fluid, the samples were further quantified and specified, using HPLC with a lower limit of quantification (10 ng/ml).

Results
Between 2 and 12 hours after administration, plasma contained < 10 ng of MPA or IPA/ml (parent drug or metabolite equivalent), as intermittently detected by ELISA. Parent drug or metabolite equivalent was detected in the urine for 24 and 72 hours after injection of IPA and MPA, respectively. Synovial fluid from the contralateral joint contained no detectable MPA or IPA at any sample collection time. Median half-life for MPA, as detected by HPLC, was 10.3 hours (range, 6.1 to 10.6) in the synovial space. Median half-life for methylprednisolone, as detected by HPLC, was 10.4 (range, 9.9 to 32.1) hours.

Conclusions
Both steroids appeared to be rapidly hydrolyzed to their respective ester forms, as detected by HPLC. The ELISA appeared to be a useful screening tool for detection of corticosteroids in this variety of body fluids.
Familial basis of exertional rhabdomyolysis in Quarter Horse-related breeds
Authors: Valberg Stephanie J. , Geyer Charles , Sorum Sandra A. , Cardinet George H. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To trace pedigrees from affected horses, identify likely contributing founder horses, and determine the conditional probability of founder genotypes.

Design
Muscle biopsy records from the Neuromuscular Disease Laboratory at the University of California-Davis and the University of Minnesota were searched to identify horses with a polysaccharide storage myopathy and exercise intolerance/rhabdomyolysis. Pedigrees containing 5 to 6 generations were obtained where possible.

Animals
13 Quarter Horses, 4 American Paint Horses, 3 Appaloosas, and 3 Quarter Horse crossbreds (16 mares, 4 geldings, and 3 stallions) were identified with polysaccharide storage myopathy. Pedigrees were available for 18 horses.

Procedure
Inbreeding coefficients, founder contributions, and conditional probability of founder genotypes were calculated.

Results
Three stallions (A, B, and C) were featured prominently in the pedigrees. Stallions A and B descended from a common sire. On average, A contributed 8.8% (range, 0 to 23%) of the genes in affected horses, B contributed 4.2% (range, 0 to 14%), and C contributed 3.0% (range, 0 to 14%). The sire and dam of 4 horses were descendants of stallion A, the sire and dam of 1 horse were descendants of stallion B, and the sire and dam of 11 horses were descendants of a combination of stallions A and B. The pattern of inheritance resembled an autosomal recessive disorder. Assuming this pattern of inheritance, the conditional probability that these founders were carriers or recessive for the trait was > 99.29% for stallions A and B and 92% for stallion C.

Conclusions
Results support a familial basis for polysaccharide storage myopathy and associated exertional rhabdomyolysis in Quarter Horse-related breeds. The strong contribution of particular founder stallions to the gene pool in some lines of Quarter Horses may explain the high incidence of exertional rhabdomyolysis in these horses.(Am J Vet Res 1996; 57: 286-290)
Characterization of chronotropic and dysrhythmogenic effects of atropine in dogs with bradycardia
Authors: Rishniw Mark , Tobias Anthony H. , Slinker Bryan K. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To characterize the magnitude, character, and time course of chronotropic and dysrhythmogenic responses of dogs with vagally mediated bradycardia to atropine sulfate.

Design
Latin square design.

Animals
Seven clinically normal adult mixed-breed dogs.

Procedure
Vagally mediated bradycardia was induced with morphine and fentanyl citrate. Atropine (0.02 mg/kg of body weight) was administered IV, SC, or IM. Electrocardiograms were recorded continuously for 5 minutes before and for 35 minutes after atropine administration or until a sustained parasympatholytic response was observed. Data were digitized, analyzed independently for changes in atrial and ventricular rate, and compared between different routes of administration.

Results
All dogs developed second-degree atrioventricular (AV) block after IV administration of atropine, and 71% of dogs developed AV block after SC or IM administration. The AV block arose and resolved more rapidly with IV administration than with SC or IM administration. The AV block was principally attributable to an increase in the atrial rate prior to increases in the ventricular rate. Atropine, regardless of route of administration, potentiated baseline ventricular bradycardia in 62% of the experiments (mean heart rate decrease of 16 beats/min; decreased to < 20 beats/min in 2 dogs for ≤ 10 seconds). Duration of the bradycardic potentiation was longer with SC administration (9.1 minutes, SC, vs 1.4 minutes, IV, and 4.6 minutes, IM). Parasympatholytic rate was higher for IV than SC or IM administration (128 beats/min vs 92 beats/min and 101 beats/min). Two dogs given atropine SC failed to resolve the AV block and attain sinus rhythm.

Conclusions
Administration of 0.02 mg of atropine/ kg by IV, IM, and SC routes for vagally mediated bradycardia in dogs consistently induces AV block and occasional brief potentiation of ventricular bradycardia.

Clinical Relevance
Parasympathomimetic effects occur and resolve most rapidly and consistently, and the stable parasympatholytic effect is of greatest magnitude after IV administration. Thus, vagally mediated bradycardia in clinically normal dogs appears to be best abolished by IV administration of atropine.(Am J Vet Res 1996;57:337-341)
Cardiopulmonary effects of desflurane in cats
Authors: McMurphy R. M. , Hodgson D. S. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate the cardiopulmonary effects of 2 anesthetic planes of desflurane (DES) during spontaneous ventilation (SV) and controlled ventilation (CV) in cats.

Design
Repeated Latin square.

Animals
Eight healthy adult cats.

Procedure
Each cat received 1.3 times the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of DES and 1.7 MAC of DES in oxygen during CV and SV. The data were analyzed as a repeated measures design. Heart rate, cardiac output, arterial blood pressure, pulmonary artery pressure, respiratory rate, PaO2, PaCO2, pHa, PCV, and serum total protein concentration were measured during each treatment. Stroke volume, cardiac index, total peripheral resistance, and oxygen consumption were calculated.

Results
Cardiac index and stroke volume were not different between 1.3 and 1.7 MAC of DES, but CV decreased cardiac index and stroke volume (P < 0.05). Systolic arterial pressure was decreased during 1.7 MAC of DES and during CV. Mean arterial blood pressure was decreased at 1.7 MAC during CV, but not SV. The Paco2 was higher at 1.7 MAC than at 1.3 MAC during SV. Spontaneously ventilating cats at 1.7 MAC had higher pulmonary artery pressures than other treatments. The PCV was decreased during CV.

Conclusion
1.7 MAC of DES causes decreased systolic and mean arterial pressures and marked hypercapnia, but cardiac index is not affected. The hypercapnia is probably responsible for the increased pulmonary artery pressures in the spontaneously ventilating cats during 1.7 MAC. Hypercapnia can be corrected by CV but this reduces cardiac output.(Am J Vet Res 1996;57:367-370)
Noninvasive kinematic analysis of the walk in healthy large-breed dogs
Authors: Hottinger Heidi A. , DeCamp Charles E. , Olivier N. Bari , Hauptman Joe G. , Soutas-Little Robert W. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To use computer-assisted kinematic analysis to describe the walk in healthy dogs and to adapt Fourier transformation for analysis of the data.

Design
Evaluation of normal walk in dogs, using kinematic and force plate analysis.

Sample Population
15 healthy large-breed dogs.

Procedure
Morphometric data were collected to describe the sample population. Temporal and distance variables were measured to describe the walk. Flexion and extension movements were described for the scapulohumeral, cubital, carpal, coxofemoral, femorotibial, and tarsal joints. Fourier transformation was adapted to facilitate analysis of the joint angle waveforms.

Results
Unique and complex patterns of flexion and extension movements were observed for each joint studied. The walk had consistency of movement in the sample population in temporal and distance variables and joint movements. Variances attributable to intra- and interdog differences were similar and 1 to 2 orders of magnitude smaller than the mean Fourier coefficients from which they were calculated for all 6 joints. The number of essential Fourier coefficients required to represent the joint angle waveforms was 3 for the coxofemoral joint, 5 each for the femorotibial, scapulohumeral, cubital, and carpal joints, and 6 for the tarsal joint.

Conclusions
Computer-assisted kinematic gait analysis proved to be a reliable and consistent technique for assessment of movement at the walk in dogs, and Fourier transformation was shown to be an effective tool for analysis of the kinematic data.

Clinical Relevance
The database derived from the normal sample population in this study can be used as a model of musculoskeletal function at the walk for future comparisons with disease and treatment.(Am J Vet Res 1996;57:381-388)