bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Naturopaths practice behaviour: provision and access to information on complementary and alternative medicines
Authors: Smith Caroline , Martin Karen , Hotham Elizabeth , Semple Susan , Bloustien Geraldine , Rao Deepa 
Published: July 2005

Abstract

Background
The increasing use of complementary and alternative medicines in Australia has generated concern regarding the information on these products available to both healthcare providers and the public. The aim of this study was to examine the practice behaviours of naturopaths in relation to both the provision of and access to information on complementary and alternative medicines (CAM).

Methods
A representative sample of 300 practicing naturopaths located nationally were sent a comprehensive survey which gathered data on self reported practice behaviour in relation to the provision of information on oral CAM to clients and the information needs of the practitioners themselves

Results
A response rate of 35% was achieved. Most practitioners (98%) have a dispensary within their clinic and the majority of practitioners perform the dispensing themselves. Practitioners reported they provided information to clients, usually in the form of verbal information (96%), handwritten notes (83%) and printed information (75%). The majority of practitioners (over 75%) reported always giving information on the full name of the product, reason for prescribing, expected response, possible interactions and contraindications and actions of the product. Information resources most often used by practitioners included professional newsletters, seminars run by manufacturers, patient feedback and personal observation of patients. Most practitioners were positive about the information they could access but felt that more information was required in areas such as adverse reactions and safe use of CAM in children, pregnancy and breastfeeding. Most naturopaths (over 96%) were informed about adverse events through manufacturer or distributor newsletters. The barriers in the provision of information to clients were misleading or incorrect information in the media, time constraints, information overload and complex language used in printed information. The main barrier to the practitioner in information access was seen as the perceived division between orthodox and complementary medicine practitioners.

Conclusion
Our data suggest most naturopaths were concerned about possible interaction between pharmaceuticals and CAM, and explore this area with their patients. There is scope to improve practitioners' access to information of adverse events including an increased awareness of sources of information such as the Australian Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) website.
Impact of two rounds of mass drug administration using diethylcarbamazine combined with albendazole on the prevalence of Brugia timoriand of intestinal helminths on Alor Island, Indonesia
Authors: Oqueka Tim , Supali Taniawati , Ismid Is Suhariah , Purnomo  , Rückert Paul , Bradley Mark , Fischer Peter 
Published: July 2005

Abstract
Background
Annual mass drug administration (MDA) using diethylcarbamizine (DEC, 6 mg/kg) combined with albendazole (alb, 400 mg) is recommended by the Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis (GPELF). This strategy has been shown to be efficient in the of control bancroftian filariasis, but data on brugian filariasis as well as on the positive side effects on intestinal helminths are lacking.

Methods
The effect of one selective treatment and two rounds of MDA using DEC and alb on the prevalence and intensity of Brugia timori infection were studied on Alor island using a cross-sectional and a cohort approach. Before the campaign and ten months after each treatment cycle microfilariae (mf) were assessed by filtration of night blood. Before and ten months after MDA, stool samples were collected and the prevalence of intestinal helminths were determined.

Results
In all, the mf-rate dropped from 26.8% before any treatment to 3.8% following the second MDA. Almost all mf-positive, treated individuals showed very low mf densities. The crude prevalence of hookworm dropped from 25.3% to 5.9%. The reduction of prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides (32.3% to 27.6%) and Trichuris trichiura (9.4% to 8.9%) was less pronounced. Within a cohort of 226 individuals, which was examined annually, the prevalence of A. lumbricoides dropped from 43.8% to 26.5% and of T. trichiura from 12.8% to 6.6%. The results indicate that this MDA approach reduces not only the mf prevalence of B. timori but also the prevalence of hookworm and to a lesser extent also of A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura.

Conclusion
The MDA using DEC and alb as recommended by GPELF is extremely effective for areas with brugian filariasis. The beneficial effect of MDA on intestinal helminths may strengthen the national programme to eliminate lymphatic filariasis in Indonesia and may set resources free which are otherwise used for deworming campaigns of schoolchildren.
Respiratory compliance but not gas exchange correlates with changes in lung aeration after a recruitment maneuver: an experimental study in pigs with saline lavage lung injury
Authors: Henzler Dietrich , Pelosi Paolo , Dembinski Rolf , Ullmann Annette , Mahnken Andreas H , Rossaint Rolf , Kuhlen Ralf 
Published: July 2005

Abstract
Introduction
Atelectasis is a common finding in acute lung injury, leading to increased shunt and hypoxemia. Current treatment strategies aim to recruit alveoli for gas exchange. Improvement in oxygenation is commonly used to detect recruitment, although the assumption that gas exchange parameters adequately represent the mechanical process of alveolar opening has not been proven so far. The aim of this study was to investigate whether commonly used measures of lung mechanics better detect lung tissue collapse and changes in lung aeration after a recruitment maneuver as compared to measures of gas exchange

Methods
In eight anesthetized and mechanically ventilated pigs, acute lung injury was induced by saline lavage and a recruitment maneuver was performed by inflating the lungs three times with a pressure of 45 cmH2O for 40 s with a constant positive end-expiratory pressure of 10 cmH2O. The association of gas exchange and lung mechanics parameters with the amount and the changes in aerated and nonaerated lung volumes induced by this specific recruitment maneuver was investigated by multi slice CT scan analysis of the whole lung.

Results
Nonaerated lung correlated with shunt fraction (r = 0.68) and respiratory system compliance (r = 0.59). The arterial partial oxygen pressure (PaO2) and the respiratory system compliance correlated with poorly aerated lung volume (r = 0.57 and 0.72, respectively). The recruitment maneuver caused a decrease in nonaerated lung volume, an increase in normally and poorly aerated lung, but no change in the distribution of a tidal breath to differently aerated lung volumes. The fractional changes in PaO2, arterial partial carbon dioxide pressure (PaCO2) and venous admixture after the recruitment maneuver did not correlate with the changes in lung volumes. Alveolar recruitment correlated only with changes in the plateau pressure (r = 0.89), respiratory system compliance (r = 0.82) and parameters obtained from the pressure-volume curve.

Conclusion
A recruitment maneuver by repeatedly hyperinflating the lungs led to an increase of poorly aerated and a decrease of nonaerated lung mainly. Changes in aerated and nonaerated lung volumes were adequately represented by respiratory compliance but not by changes in oxygenation or shunt.
Switching to Anastrozole Versus Continued Tamoxifen Treatment of Early Breast Cancer: Preliminary Results of the Italian Tamoxifen Anastrozole Trial
Authors: Boccardo Francesco , Rubagotti Alessandra , Puntoni Matteo , Guglielmini Pamela , Amoroso Domenico , Fini Angela , Paladini Giuseppe , Mesiti Mario , Romeo Domenico , Rinaldini Michela , Scali Simona , Porpiglia Mauro , Benedetto Chiara , Restuccia Nunzio , Buzzi Franco , Franchi Roberto , Massidda Bruno , Distante Vito , Amadori Dino , Sismondi Piero 
Published: July 2005

Purpose Tamoxifen, which is actually the gold standard adjuvant treatment in estrogen receptor–positive early breast cancer, is associated with an increased risk of endometrial cancer and other life-threatening events. Moreover, many women relapse during or after tamoxifen therapy because of the development of resistance. Therefore new approaches are required. Patients and Methods We conducted a prospective randomized trial to test the efficacy of switching postmenopausal patients who were already receiving tamoxifen to the aromatase inhibitor anastrozole. After 2 to 3 years of tamoxifen treatment, patients were randomly assigned either to receive anastrozole 1 mg/d or to continue receiving tamoxifen 20 mg/d, for a total duration of treatment of 5 years. Disease-free survival was the primary end point. Event-free survival, overall survival, and safety were secondary end points. Results Four hundred forty-eight patients were enrolled. All women had node-positive, estrogen receptor–positive tumors. At a median follow-up time of 36 months, 45 events had been reported in the tamoxifen group compared with 17 events in the anastrozole group (P = .0002). Disease-free and local recurrence-free survival were also significantly longer in the anastrozole group (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.35; 95% CI, 0.18 to 0.68; P = .001 and HR = 0.15; 95% CI, 0.03 to 0.65; P = .003, respectively). Overall, more adverse events were recorded in the anastrozole group compared with the tamoxifen group (203 v 150, respectively; P = .04). However, more events were life threatening or required hospitalization in the tamoxifen group than in the anastrozole group (33 of 150 events v 28 of 203 events, P = .04). Conclusion Switching to anastrozole after the first 2 to 3 years of treatment is well tolerated and significantly improves event-free and recurrence-free survival in postmenopausal patients with early breast cancer.
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Anesthetized Patients: A Relevant Step toward Real-time Intraoperative Functional Neuroimaging
Authors: Gasser Thomas , Sandalcioglu Erol , Schoch Beate , Gizewski Elke , Forsting Michael , Stolke Dietmar , Wiedemayer Helmut 
Published: July 2005

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:
The introduction of intraoperative 1.5-T magnetic resonance imaging may provide up-to-date functional information in the surgical environment. However, feasible passive paradigms that allow the examination of anesthetized patients will be a precondition for intraoperative functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of a recently developed passive fMRI paradigm for functional neuroimaging in anesthetized patients.

METHODS:
We investigated four anesthetized patients with intracranial pathological conditions not related to the sensorimotor cortex. All patients had been anesthetized with standard total intravenous anesthesia for more than 24 hours before the fMRI scan. Anesthesia and monitoring were sustained during the scanning procedure. A simultaneous electrical stimulation of the median and tibial nerves was applied to elicit a cortical activation using a custom-designed magnetoelectrically shielded conductor. Statistical evaluation using Statistical Parametric Mapping software (Wellcome Department of Imaging Neuroscience, University College, London, England) and the Talairach Daemon Client (Version 1.1; Research Imaging Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX) followed.

RESULTS:
Three of four patients showed a good activation of the sensorimotor cortex under anesthesia. In one patient, no significant activation was observed, presumably as a result of increased body impedance because of severe edema. Standard dosages of the narcotics did not influence the cortical response; however, stimulation intensity had to be increased compared with awake patients. We did not detect relevant interferences with magnetic resonance imaging arising from the technical setup.

CONCLUSION:
The method presented proved to be a feasible paradigm for fMRI evaluation of the sensorimotor cortex in anesthetized patients and thus forms a relevant step toward real intraoperative functional neuroimaging.
Craniotomy for Fenestration of Multiloculated Hydrocephalus in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Sandberg David I. , McComb J. Gordon , Krieger Mark D. 
Published: July 2005

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:
To assess the treatment of progressive multiloculated hydrocephalus by craniotomy for microsurgical fenestration of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) compartments to minimize the number of ventricular catheters.

METHODS:
We studied 33 pediatric patients who underwent craniotomies for fenestration of progressive multiloculated hydrocephalus between 1989 and 2003. In 20 of 33 patients, hydrocephalus was attributed to intraventricular hemorrhage associated with prematurity. Twenty-three of 33 patients had previous central nervous system infections. Craniotomy was typically performed via a posterior parietal approach. Communication between bilateral supratentorial loculated compartments and posterior fossa compartments was achieved. Surgical and neurological outcomes were assessed.

RESULTS:
Fenestration of loculated CSF spaces was performed successfully in all patients. No new neurological deficits were noted after surgery, and no patients required intraoperative blood transfusions. CSF infections within 3 months after surgery occurred in 4 of 33 patients. Over a median follow-up period of 3.7 years (range, 1.5 mo to 8.7 yr), 19 of 33 patients required additional fenestration procedures. The number of repeat fenestration procedures ranged from one to six, and a total of 47 additional fenestrations were performed in these 19 patients. The majority of patients (n = 25) ultimately required shunt systems with only one ventricular catheter. The neurological status of these patients was extremely poor both before and after surgery. Twenty-nine of 33 patients were severely delayed, and four were mildly delayed.

CONCLUSION:
Fenestration of multiloculated CSF compartments can enable most patients to function with a single ventricular catheter shunt system. Neurological status remains poor in this patient population.
Intraoperative and Postoperative Gamma Detection of Somatostatin Receptors in Bone-invasive en Plaque Meningiomas
Authors: Gay Emmanuel , Vuillez Jean Philippe , Palombi Olivier , Brard Pierre Yves , Bessou Pierre , Passagia Jean Guy 
Published: July 2005

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:
Scintigraphy with a radiolabeled somatostatin analog (111In-diethylenetriaminepenta-acetic acid octreotide) detects the somatostatin receptors that are found in vitro in all meningiomas. Previous studies have proved the benefit of radioimmunoguided surgery, with a hand-held gamma probe, for the assessment and removal of neuroendocrine tumors. We conducted a study to determine whether intraoperative radiodetection of somatostatin receptors is feasible and could increase the probability of complete meningioma resection, especially for bone-invasive en plaque meningiomas, which are difficult to control surgically.

METHODS
Eighteen patients with en plaque sphenoid wing and cranial convexity meningiomas were studied by preoperative and postoperative somatostatin receptor scintigraphy. In 10 of them, intraoperative radiodetection with a hand-held gamma probe was performed 24 hours after the intravenous administration of 111In-diethylenetriaminepenta-acetic acid octreotide. This procedure was combined with a computer-aided navigation system.

RESULTS:
All preoperative scintigrams were positive. Intraoperative gamma probe detection was achieved for the invaded bone, dura, and periorbit of sphenoid wing meningiomas. The average tumor/nontumor count ratio was 2:1, with a maximum of 12:1, thus allowing precise detection capable of defining the tumor margins. In three cases of sphenoid wing meningiomas, postoperative scintigrams were helpful for the determination of recurrences that magnetic resonance imaging failed to detect.

CONCLUSION:
These preliminary data show that intraoperative radiodetection of somatostatin receptors with a hand-held gamma probe is feasible and may be helpful to guide the surgical removal of bone-invasive en plaque meningiomas. Preoperative and postoperative scintigraphy may be useful for the management and follow-up of patients with these tumors.
In Situ Bypass in the Management of Complex Intracranial Aneurysms: Technique Application in 13 Patients
Authors: Quiñones-Hinojosa Alfredo , Lawton Michael T. 
Published: July 2005

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:
Cerebral revascularization is an important part of the treatment of complex intracranial aneurysms that require deliberate occlusion of a parent artery. In situ bypass brings together intracranial donor and recipient arteries that lie parallel and in close proximity to one another rather than using an extracranial donor artery. An experience with in situ bypasses was retrospectively reviewed.

METHODS:
Thirteen aneurysms were treated with in situ bypasses between 1997 and 2004. During this time, 1071 aneurysms were treated microsurgically and 46 bypasses were performed as part of the aneurysm treatment.

RESULTS:
Treated aneurysms were located at the middle cerebral artery (MCA) in five patients, posteroinferior cerebellar artery (PICA) in three patients, vertebral artery in three patients, and anterior communicating artery in two patients. Seven aneurysms were fusiform or dolichoectatic, and six aneurysms were saccular. Microsurgical revascularization techniques included side-to-side anastomosis of intracranial arteries in eight patients and aneurysm excision with end-to-end reanastomosis of the parent artery in five patients. In situ bypasses included A3–A3 anterior cerebral artery bypass in two patients, anterior temporal artery-MCA bypass in one patient, MCA–MCA bypass in one patient, and PICA–PICA bypass in four patients. Aneurysm excision with arterial reanastomosis included three MCA aneurysms and two PICA aneurysms. On angiography, all aneurysms were completely obliterated and 12 bypasses were patent.

CONCLUSION:
In situ bypass is a safe and effective alternative to extracranial-intracranial bypasses and high-flow bypasses using saphenous vein or radial artery grafts. Although in situ bypasses are more demanding technically, they do not require harvesting a donor artery, can be accomplished with one anastomosis, and are less vulnerable to injury or occlusion.
A Novel Minimally Occlusive Microvascular Anastomosis Technique Using a Temporary Intraluminal Shunt: A Prospective Technique to Minimize Brain Ischemia Time during Superficial Temporal Artery-to-Middle Cerebral Artery Bypass
Authors: Krishnan Kartik G. , Tsirekidze Papuna , Pinzer Thomas , Schackert Gabriele 
Published: July 2005

AbstractOBJECTIVE:To describe a new technique of suturing microvessels with persistent perfusion via a temporary intraluminal microshunt.METHODS:Experiments were conducted in Wistar rats. Abdominal aorta grafts were explanted from donor rats. A soft silicon microcatheter was introduced into the lumen of this graft. The abdominal aorta of a recipient rat was prepared for end-to-side microvascular anastomosis. Acland clamps (S&T AG, Neuhausen, Switzerland) were applied, and a linear arteriotomy was made. One end of the graft-clad microcatheter was introduced into the lumen and occluded with a fenestrated Acland clamp. At a more distal part, a similar arteriotomy was performed, and the other end of the microcatheter was introduced into the lumen and clamped with a fenestrated Acland clip. This created a temporary shunt through the graft-clad microcatheter. Then, the graft was anastomosed to the arteriotomies at both ends, over the microcatheter, in an end-to-side manner. The microcatheter was explanted from the vessel lumen through an arteriotomy in the middle of the graft. The graft was clipped short to close this arteriotomy. The mean total occlusion time before perfusion was reestablished amounted to 3.7 minutes. This experiment was repeated in 12 animals (6 with and 6 without heparin) without technical complications. As controls, conventional anastomoses were made in 2 animals.RESULTS:Suturing microvessels mandates their occlusion during the period of anastomosis. Although ischemia is well tolerated by other tissue types, the brain is quite sensitive to even short windows of ischemia. Nonocclusive anastomotic techniques have been developed recently. These are confined to vessels with luminal diameters greater than 3 mm. We have evolved a novel technique that can be used with microvessels, as pertinent to superficial temporal artery-to-middle cerebral artery bypass.CONCLUSION:We have described a new technique for performing microvascular anastomoses over a temporary intraluminal microcatheter shunt.
Revascularization of the Anterior Cerebral Artery with an A3–A3 Anastomosis and a Superficial Temporal Artery Bypass Using an A3-Radial Artery Graft to Trap a Giant Anterior Communicating Artery Aneurysm: Technical Case Report
Authors: Inoue Tomohiro , Tsutsumi Kazuo , Ohno Hiroyasu , Shinozaki Munehisa 
Published: July 2005

Abstract

OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE:
How to manage the distal anterior cerebral artery (ACA) circulation in the treatment of a giant anterior communicating artery aneurysm or a giant azygous A2 aneurysm is still controversial.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION:
We are reporting the case of a 70-year-old man who presented with an evolving giant thrombosed anterior communicating artery aneurysm.

INTERVENTION:
He was successfully treated by trapping the aneurysm in conjunction with an A3–A3 side-to-side anastomosis and a superficial temporal artery bypass using an A3-radial artery graft. The postoperative angiography showed an excellent filling of all the bilateral distal ACA area through the bypass.

CONCLUSION:
In cases in which direct clipping to preserve distal ACA flow is quite difficult, the bilateral ACA revascularization described here should be considered as another possibility.
Treatment of a Middle Cerebral Artery Bifurcation Aneurysm Using a Double Neuroform Stent “Y” Configuration and Coil Embolization: Technical Case Report
Authors: Sani Sepehr , Lopes Demetrius Klee 
Published: July 2005

Abstract

OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE:
Wide-necked cerebral aneurysms have been particularly difficult to treat using coil embolization. The introduction of the first intracranial flexible stent (Neuroform stent; Boston Scientific/Target, Fremont, CA) has provided a great advantage to this dilemma by forming a bridge across the aneurysm neck and allowing the packing of coils. Despite this advancement, some parent vessel bifurcation aneurysms can still remain elusive to single stent and coiling technique.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION:
A 55-year-old woman presented for a routine follow-up angiogram. Her past history was significant for a subarachnoid hemorrhage and clipping of an anterior communicating aneurysm with full recovery. An incidental new right middle cerebral artery aneurysm was found on the angiogram. We report here a case of an unruptured asymptomatic wide-neck middle cerebral artery bifurcation aneurysm that was treated with a novel endovascular repair.

INTERVENTION:
The aneurysm was successfully treated using a double stent “Y” configuration and coil embolization technique using the Neuroform stent. Technical aspects are discussed. Perioperative management issues and potential pitfalls are also considered.

CONCLUSION:
Double stenting in “Y” configuration and coiling is feasible. This technique should increase the ability to endovascularly treat wide-necked aneurysms.