bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE VALUE OF A CERVICAL SCORE IN THE ASSESSMENT OF OVARIAN FUNCTION
Authors: Flynn A. M. , Bertrand P. V. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThree normal, healthy volunteer women were each studied during one menstrual cycle. A cervical score based on amount, ferning and Spinnbarkeit of mucus and on the condition of the cervix was determined daily throughout each menstrual cycle. This, used in conjunction with the basal body temperature was found to be in agreement with ovarian function assessed by the daily excretion of total oestrogen and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and plasma oestradiol, plasma FSH and plasma progesterone measured at selected times. The karyopyknotic index, which was also measured, was not found to reflect accurately follicular development or ovulation. It is suggested that the simple technique of serial determination of the cervical score and measurement of the basal body temperature can be used to detect normal ovulatory cycles of patients treated in clinics not having facilities for measurement of hormone excretion.
CRITERIA FOR DIAGNOSIS OF CANDIDA VULVOVAGINITIS IN PREGNANT WOMEN
Authors: Carroll Carthage J. , Hurley Rosalinde , Stanley Valerie C. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryIn this prospective study of 303 pregnant women C. albkans was found in 50 patients (16‐5 per cent) but only once was it isolated from the healthy vagina. The majority of isolates (84 per cent) were associated with signs of vaginitis or vulvovaginitis. In the remainder, isolation of the fungus was associated with discharge or other sign of morbidity. Discharge and irritation were not specifically associated with isolation of the thrush fungus, but 85 per cent of women with vaginitis during pregnancy had precipitins in their serum, or C. albicans in the vagina. Candida albicans was isolated from 23 of 28 women with vulvitis, and from 11 out of 16 women with vaginal plaques or a cheesy appearance of the vaginal epithelium.
INTRA‐AMNIOTIC ADMINISTRATION OF PROSTAGLANDIN 15 (S) 15‐METHYL‐E2 METHYL ESTER FOR TERMINATION OF PREGNANCY
Authors: Amy J. J. , Karim S. M. M. , Sivasamboo R. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryIntra–amniotic administration of a single dose of 100 μMg. of prostaglandin 15 (S) 15–methyl–E2 methyl ester was successful in terminating 18 or 20 randomly selected mid‐trimester pregnancies. The remaining two patients aborted after intra–amniotic instillation of a second 100 μg. dose of the analogue 24 hours after the first one. The mean induction‐abortion interval was 16.5 hours. Side effects were limited to a rise in temperature (1.0°C. to 1.5 °C.) in three patients and vomiting in three patients. An additional group of 10 patients were given, by intra–amniotic injection, 200 μg. of prostaglandin 15 (S) 15–methyl–E2 methyl ester, 24–hourly. No shortening of the mean induction‐abortion interval (17.25 hours) was noted. Although side effects after intra–amniotic administration of a 200 μg. dose were minimal (a temperature elevation of 1.6 °C. in one patient and vomiting in two patients), accidental injection or rapid absorption of this amount of compound into the general circulation could cause serious side effects.
ALPHA‐FETOPROTEIN LEVELS IN AMNIOTIC FLUID IN NORMAL PREGNANCY AND IN PREGNANCY COMPLICATED BY ANENCEPHALY
Authors: Randle G. H. , Cumberbatch K. N. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryAmniotic fluid levels of alpha–fetoprotein were measured in 93 patients with normal uncomplicated pregnancies and in 10 patients with anencephalic fetuses. The amniotic fluid levels in normal pregnancies between 12 and 41 weeks' gestation are presented. In all the pregnancies with anencephaly the alpha‐fetoprotein levels were significantly raised above the normal range. Two patients who had previously had an anencephalic fetus are also reported.
THE INFLUENCE OF MATERNAL POSTURE AT BIRTH ON THE FETUS
Authors: Humphrey Michael , Hounslow Dianne , Morgan Susan , Wood Carl 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA random controlled trial examined the hypothesis that the supine position may be harmful to the fetus during labour and delivery. Similar groups of women were delivered in the dorsal and 15° left tilt positions. Significant fetal asphyxia occurred in two of the twenty patients delivered in the dorsal position.
A RANDOMISED DOUBLE BLIND CLINICAL TRIAL OF ABDOMINAL DECOMPRESSION FOR THE PREVENTION OF PRE‐ECLAMPSIA
Authors: Coxon A. , Fairweather D. V. I. , Smyth C. N. , Frankenberg J. , Vessey M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA randomized double blind study of twice–weekly abdominal decompression from the 28th week of pregnancy, involving 411 primigravidae in three hospitals, is reported. No significant difference was noted in the admission rate for pre–eclampsia between 200 patients who were subjected to a suction pressure of 70 mm. Hg and 211 patients who were subjected to a suction pressure of only 20 mm. Hg. Although the length of hospital stay was significantly less in the former group, we conclude that routine antenatal decompression therapy plays no role in the prophylaxis of pre–eclampsia.
THE EFFECTS OF ABDOMINAL DECOMPRESSION ON PREGNANCY COMPLICATED BY THE SMALL–FOR–DATES FETUS
Authors: Varma Thankam R. , Curzen Peter 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe effects of daily abdominal decompression were investigated in 70 pregnant patients with “small–for–dates” fetuses, and were compared with the outcome in 70 pregnant patients with “small–for–dates” fetuses who served as controls. The mean growth rate of the fetal biparietal diameter was 2.08 mm. per week in the decompression group and 1.49 mm. per week in the control group. The mean 24–hour urinary oestrogen excretion increased more rapidly in the decompression group than in the control group. The incidence of fetal distress was 14.3 per cent in the decompression group and 38.6 per cent in the control group. The incidence of infants with a low Apgar score at one minute was 10 per cent in the decompression group and 38.6 per cent in the control group. The incidence of “light–for–dates” babies was 25.7 per cent in the decompression group and 83 per cent in the control group. There were two perinatal deaths in the decompression group and eight perinatal deaths in the control group.
ULTRASONIC SCANNING OF THE PUERPERAL UTERUS FOLLOWING SECONDARY POSTPARTUM HAEMORRHAGE
Authors: Malvern John , Campbell Stuart , May Pamela 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA group of 117 patients with secondary postpartum haemorrhage was examined by ultrasonic compound B scanning for retained products of conception. False positive diagnoses were made in 17 per cent of this group of patients and retained products of conception were overlooked in 1 ‐7 per cent. Using this technique, 74 per cent of patients could be spared unnecessary curettage. It is therefore concluded that ultrasonic scanning is valuable in determining the management of secondary postpartum haemorrhage.
PREOPERATIVE INTRAMUSCULAR PROGESTOGEN IN THE TREATMENT OF ENDOMETRIAL CARCINOMA
Authors: Boyd I. E. , Pollard W. , Blaikley J. B. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryWhen an injection of intramuscular 17a‐hydroxy‐progesterone caproate (Primolut Depot) was given before each radium insertion and before hysterectomy in 38 patients with endometrial carcinoma, there was a recurrence rate of 10–5 per cent as against 20 · 5 per cent in 44 controls.
PLASMA OESTRADIOL AND PROGESTERONE CONCENTRATION IN THE NORMAL MENSTRUAL CYCLE
Authors: Shaaban Mamdouh M. , Klopper Arnold 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe plasma concentration of oestradiol‐l7β and of progesterone was assayed using radioimmunoassay and protein binding methods throughout the menstrual cycle in ten young women. Eight women had normal ovulatory cycles but two were found to be non‐ovulatory. The values from the eight normal cycles are put forward as criteria for the evaluation of assay results in the investigation and treatment of menstrual disorders.
MATERNAL ANAEMIA AND FETAL BIRTHWEIGHT
Authors: Harrison K. A. , Ibeziako P. A. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe pattern of fetal birthweight distribution was examined in singleton babies bora to several groups of pregnant Nigerian women: 43 of them were anaemic throughout pregnancy and also at delivery; 142 had been successfully treated for anaemia during pregnancy; 35 had sickle‐cell anaemia; and 65 served as healthy controls. The causes of anaemia were haemolysis from malaria, folate deficiency and haemoglobinopathies. When other factors known to reduce fetal birthweight were excluded, it was found that maternal anaemia (haematocrit less than 30 per cent) was itself associated with retardation of fetal growth and that this was most marked in the presence of sickle‐cell anaemia. If, at the end of pregnancy, maternal anaemia still remained uncorrected, then a 2 per cent drop in maternal haematocrit reduced fetal birthweight by about 100 g.
FETAL HEART RATES AS DETERMINED BY SONAR IN EARLY PREGNANCY
Authors: Robinson Hugh P. , Shaw‐Dunn John 
Published: August 2005

SummaryUsing a pulsed ultrasound technique, the human fetal heart rate was studied between 45 days and 15 weeks after the first day of the last menstrual period. The heart rate rose from a level of 123 beats per minute at 45 days to a peak of 177 beats per minute at 9 weeks, and then gradually fell to a value of 147 beats per minute at 15 weeks. In cases of threatened abortion the fetal heart rates were not statistically different from those in normal pregnancies. The changes in heart rate were correlated with the morphological and physiological changes which occur in the fetal heart during this period.
THE INDUCTION OF SECOND TRIMESTER ABORTIONS USING AN INTRA‐AMNIOTIC INJECTION OF UREA AND PROSTAGLANDIN E2
Authors: Bowen‐Simpkins Peter 
Published: August 2005

SummaryOf 31 patients in the second trimester of pregnancy who were given an intraamniotic injection of 80 g. of urea and 5 mg. of prostaglandin E2, 30 aborted within 26 hours. The mean injection‐to‐abortion interval was 10 hours and 30 minutes. Vomiting occurred in 32 per cent of patients.
THE CLINICAL AND ENDOCRINOLOGICAL EFFECT OF OESTRADIOL IMPLANTS AT THE TIME OF HYSTERECTOMY AND BILATERAL SALPINGO‐OOPHORECTOMY
Authors: Hunter D. J. S. , Akande E. O. , Carr P. , Stallworthy J. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe plasma oestrogen level was maintained within the premenopausal physiological range for 16 months following the insertion of an implant of 100 mg. of oestradiol B.P.C. during the operation of hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy. The karyopyknotic index (KI) was elevated for the same duration, and levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) were depressed. None of the 42 patients who had an oestrogen implant developed hot flushes whereas 11 out of 14 without an implant did so and were severely distressed thereby.
THE INDUCTION OF OVULATION BY TAMOXIFEN
Authors: Williamson J. G. , Ellis J. D. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA new anti‐oestrogen, tamoxifen, has been synthesized and is available for clinical trials. Its value in the treatment of anovulatory infertility has been assessed in 32 patients. A total of 26 patients apparently ovulated, 16 patients conceived during a treatment cycle, and 2 patients became pregnant during the first spontaneous cycle thereafter. There was no increase in the abortion rate and there were no multiple pregnancies. Side‐effects were uncommon and none were serious.
BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES IN PREGNANCIES FOLLOWING OVULATION‐INDUCTION THERAPY
Authors: Macdonald H. N. , Good W. , Hancock K. W. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryChanges in the major biochemical constituents of maternal plasma have been followed serially in five women who became pregnant after ovulation‐induction therapy. The observed changes do not differ significantly from those which occur in normal pregnancies.
BIRTHWEIGHTS IN CONSECUTIVE PREGNANCIES
Authors: Billewicz W. Z. , Thomson A. M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryAn analysis was made of birthweights in consecutive pregnancies among 6702 married women who were mostly followed up for ten years or more after the first viable birth. To facilitate comparisons between pregnancies, birthweights were standardized for sex and to 40 weeks gestation.The second baby was heavier than the first in 60 per cent of women; in third or later pregnancies, the chances of a baby being heavier or lighter than its predecessor were about equal. When the reproductive history began with one or more spontaneous abortions, birthweights in subsequent pregnancies appeared to be unaffected: but when the first pregnancy ended in stillbirth, birthweights in subsequent pregnancies tended to be considerably reduced.Individual women had a low but highly significant tendency to have pregnancies of similar gestational length, and the full‐sib coefficient of correlation between adjusted birthweights was 0.53. The similarity of birthweights within sibships could not be explained on grounds of maternal size.Birthweights in consecutive pregnancies tended to rise with increase of maternal weight between pregnancies and with greater gains of weight during pregnancy.
SEROLOGICAL TESTS FOR TREPONEMAL DISEASE IN PREGNANCY
Authors: Hare M. J. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe results of antenatal screening for treponemal disease during a 10‐year period at Queen Charlotte's Hospital, London, are reported. Positive results were obtained on sera from 6.8 per thousand patients booked for confinement and in 3.9 per thousand these were due to previously undiagnosed treponemal infections. In 25 per cent of cases where the serum gave a positive reaction this was due to a Biological False Positive phenomenon.
THE EFFECT OF POSTURE ON SERUM HUMAN PLACENTAL LACTOGEN (HPL) LEVELS IN NORMAL AND COMPLICATED LATE PREGNANCY
Authors: Ylikorkala O. , Haapalahti J. , Järvinen P. A. 
Published: August 2005

SummarySerum HPL levels were determined in the supine and upright positions at two‐hour intervals in normal and complicated late pregnancies. No significant difference could be demonstrated.
SUPPRESSIVE ACTIVITY OF PREGNANCY PLASMA ON THE MIXED LYMPHOCYTE REACTION
Authors: Jones Elizabeth , Curzen Peter , Gaugas J. M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryComplement inactivated plasma obtained from patients in late pregnancy, or at delivery, had a suppressive effect on in vitro mixed lymphocyte reactivity (MLR) between unrelated individuals. In contrast, complement inactivated plasma obtained in the early stages of pregnancy did not suppress mixed lymphocyte reactivity.
THE IMMUNOLOGICAL REACTIVITY OF MATERNAL LYMPHOCYTES IN PREGNANCY
Authors: Jones Elizabeth , Curzen Peter 
Published: August 2005

SummaryMixed lymphocyte reactions were performed using lymphocytes from women at various stages of pregnancy, and these were compared to mixed lymphocyte reactions between cells from non‐pregnant adult volunteers. Immunological reactivity of lymphocytes at all stages of pregnancy was significantly reduced compared to the reactivity of lymphocytes from non‐pregnant donors. There was, however, no significant difference between lymphocyte reactivity at 12 to 16, 28, and 36 to 40 weeks of pregnancy.
VARIATIONS IN MATERNAL PLASMA LEVELS OF HUMAN PLACENTAL LACTOGEN (HPL) IN NORMAL PREGNANCY AND LABOUR
Authors: Lindberg Bo S. , Nilsson Bo A. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryPlasma levels of human placental lactogen (HPL) in normal pregnancy from the 22nd week until delivery were measured with a rapid radioimmunoassay. The HPL concentration in plasma rose steadily up to the 37th week and thereafter gradually decreased until delivery. Individual women followed during the latter part of pregnancy showed a characteristic pattern with very small deviations from their original relative level within the normal range.Significant fluctuations in HPL levels were noted during a 24‐hour period of sampling and during shorter periods. No systematic circadian variation was observed. The variations showed no clear relation to sleep, meals or light exercise. During spontaneous and induced labour significant fluctuations in HPL concentrations occurred but these were of the same magnitude as those during the latter part of normal pregnancy; no correlation between HPL levels and uterine contraction and relaxation was found.Strenuous physical exercise during the last month of pregnancy sufficient to affect the fetal heart rate did not influence the HPL levels.
EXPERIMENTAL OBSERVATIONS ON THE ENERGY METABOLISM OF HUMAN PLACENTA
Authors: Paparella P. , Galeotti T. , Bompiani A. , Terranova T. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryOxygen consumption of histologically abnormal placentae was reduced but the effect on the fetus probably depends on the timing of the abnormality. A reduced placental respiratory rate, whether accompanied by no obvious histological change, or with the “senescent” changes of postmaturity, or by damage due to rehsus isoimmunization was associated with an adverse effect on fetal growth or wellbeing.Rotenone, antimycin A and cyanide, all inhibitors of mitochondrial electron transfer, markedly decreased the endogenous respiration of both normal and pathological placentae. Respiration was also reduced by from 35 per cent to 60 per cent by oligomycin, whereas it was increased by as much as 70 per cent by 2,4‐dinitrophenol. Oligomycin inhibition of endogenous respiration was largely offset by 2,4‐dinitrophenol. The results obtained showed that: (i) placental respiration was decreased in all the pathological conditions studied, (ii) the organization of the mitochondrial respiratory chain of placental cells might be similar to that of other normal tissues and (iii) placental respiration was coupled to energy conservation reactions both in normal and pathological conditions.
SERUM LEVELS OF GONADOTROPHINS IN RELATION TO MULTIPLE PREGNANCY IN NIGERIA
Authors: Nylander P. P. S. 
Published: August 2005

SummarySerum levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) were measured daily for 10 days from the 7th day of the menstrual cycle in 15 healthy Yoruba women, six of whom had singleton infants, seven of whom had had one set of twins, and two of whom had had two sets of twins.Mean FSH levels were higher at the peak and for four days before and after the peak in women who had had twins, compared to those who had had singletons, and higher still in the women who had had two sets of twins. Mean LH levels and the height of the LH peak were less clearly related to the twinning history.
THE COAGULATION AND FIBRINOLYTIC PROPERTIES OF PERITONEAL AND VENOUS BLOOD IN PATIENTS WITH RUPTURED ECTOPIC PREGNANCY
Authors: Carty M. J. , Barr R. D. , Ouna Noel 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe coagulation and fibrinolytic properties of peritoneal and venous blood were studied in ten African patients with ruptured ectopic pregnancy. The peritoneal blood showed marked depletion of coagulation factors and the level of fibrinfibrinogen degradation products (FDP) was grossly elevated. A slight but significant elevation of FDP was the only abnormality detectable in the venous blood. In the light of these findings the value and hazards of autotransfusion are discussed.
A LATE FOLLOW‐UP STUDY OF GLUCOSE TOLERANCE AFTER PRE‐ECLAMPSIA
Authors: Singh M. M. , MacGillivray I. , Sutherland H. W. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryNo significant difference was found in intravenous glucose tolerance between 95 women who had had proteinuric pre‐eclampsia more than 10 years previously and a control group of 58 women with no history of pre‐eclampsia. Obesity, defined as above standard weight for height, was more common in the pre‐eclamptic group than in the control group but the difference was not significant.
PLASMA OESTRIOL IN PREGNANCY COMPLICATED BY ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION
Authors: Masson Gordon M. 
Published: August 2005

SummarySerial plasma oestriol estimations were made in five hypertensive patients. A significant negative correlation was demonstrated between the percentage change in diastolic blood pressure and the change in plasma oestriol concentration. It is suggested that antihypertensive therapy leads to improved feto‐placental function.
AN ANTILACTOGENIC EFFECT OF PYRIDOXINE
Authors: Foukas Matthias D. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe efficacy of pyridoxine in the suppression of lactation has been tested in a placebo‐controlled, double‐blind trial of 253 puerperal patients. Ninety‐five per cent of the women treated with pyridoxine had their lactation successfully suppressed within one week, compared to 83 per cent for stilboestrol and 17 per cent for the placebo.
THE EXCRETION OF TOTAL OESTROGENS AND 11‐DEOXY‐17‐OXOGENIC STEROIDS IN WOMEN TREATED WITH GONADOTROPHINS
Authors: Crooke A. C. , Ljpede A. B. , Hodgson Christine 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe excretions of total oestrogens and 11‐deoxy‐17‐oxogenic steroids (as a measure of pregnanetriol) were measured during 61 courses of treatment with gonadotrophins in 26 patients. During the follicular phase of the induced cycles the increase in oestrogens was more rapid than that of pregnanetriol; the latter was not significantly raised until the day before giving the ovulating dose of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG). The use of these estimations to monitor treatment is discussed; at present the most reliable index is the total oestrogen excretion and a method of treatment is described whereby some multiple pregnancies and hyperstimulation may be avoided. Steroid excretion is very variable in the early luteal phase. There is a tendency for elevated values to occur in hyperstimulated patients whether they conceive or not.
“THE ANATOMY OF THE HUMAN GRAVID UTERUS” 1774–1974
Authors: Thornton John L. , Want Patricia C. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe bicentenary of the publication of William Hunter's The anatomy of the human gravid uterus provides the opportunity of investigating the events leading up to its publication, and of presenting information on the artists, engravers and the printer responsible for the production of this outstanding contribution to the literature of obstetrics.
FETAL PLASMA STEROIDS IN RELATION TO PARTURITION
Authors: Smith Ian D. , Shearman Rodney P. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryTotal plasma corticosteroid levels were measured by competitive protein binding assay in matched umbilical arterial and venous samples obtained immediately following delivery of 78 infants by Caesarean section. At 38 to 40 weeks gestation, the mean umbilical arterial levels (±S.E.) were 94.9 ± 10.0 ng./ml. following elective Caesarean section and 142.2 ± 23.7 ng./ml. following emergency Caesarean section in labour. The corresponding mean venous levels were 132.3 ± 10.0 ng./ml. and 172.9± 19.1 ng./ml. Within the emergency Caesarean section group, corticosteroid levels were related to the stage of labour. In fetuses obtained by hysterotomy, the mean heart blood level of plasma corticosteroids was 16.3±3.6 ng./ml. at 12 to 16 weeks gestational age. Within the elective Caesarean group, corticosteroid levels increased with gestational age, reaching a peak at 35 to 37 weeks gestation.
THE MEASUREMENT OF INDOCYANINE GREEN RETENTION IN THE DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF HYPERTENSION DURING PREGNANCY
Authors: Mati J. K. G. , Kahuho S. K. P. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryPre‐eclampsia consists of hypertension, proteinuria and oedema in varying degrees. Unless patients are seen early in pregnancy it is not always possible to exclude underlying essential hypertension or renal disease. Using the indocyanine green (ICG) retention test we have found that patients with definite pre‐eclampsia retain more dye than normal pregnant women or those known to have essential hypertension. It is suggested that the IGC retention test may be of value in the differential diagnosis of hypertension during pregnancy.