bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of AlN coating on the electromagnetic properties of FeSiAl soft magnetic composites
Authors: Guo Rongdi , Qin Jiaxiang , Wu Guohua , Hu Zhongqiang , Liu Ming 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Soft magnetic composites (SMCs) are considered key elements for attaining electromagnetic signal transmission and conversion. However, they require high permeability and low core losses to ensure the efficient and stable operation of electronic devices, such as inductors and sensors. To effectively address these issues, in this work, AlN nanopowders were used to coat FeSiAl spherical particles. In parallel, the effect of coating AlN nanopowders on the electromagnetic properties of FeSiAl SMCs was investigated. By performing energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis, AlN was confirmed to be attached to the FeSiAl spherical particles, indicating the existence of an excellent AlN coating quality. Although the incorporation of the AlN coating layer yielded a monotonic reduction in saturation magnetization intensity and effective permeability, it also effectively suppressed core losses. Due to the high-resistance of AlN, the high-resistance layer developed on the surface of the FeSiAl particles can substantially increase the resistivity of FeSiAl SMCs, and then the eddy current loss was suppressed. When coated with 1.5 wt% AlN, the FeSiAl SMCs exhibited the lowest core losses of 394 kW m−3 at 100 kHz, 100 mT, and room temperature. The proposed AlN-coated FeSiAl SMCs in this work exhibited a good overall performance, and are expected to be applied in high-performance inductor devices.
Experimentally-informed numerical investigation of a high-power magnetically shielded Hall thruster operating on xenon and krypton
Authors: Perales-Díaz J , Domínguez-Vázquez A , Ahedo E , Di Sarli A , Kitaeva A 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The operation of a 20 kW magnetically shielded Hall effect thruster, with xenon and krypton as propellants, is numerically studied with a 2D (axial-radial) axisymmetric hybrid (particle-in-cell/fluid) code. Thrust efficiency with Kr is 2% to 6% lower than with Xe. Kr exhibits smaller propellant utilization, voltage utilization and divergence efficiencies. Contrary to what is observed in previous works, the current efficiency is higher with Kr. Apart from the dissimilar mass and electronic properties of Xe and Kr atoms, the widening of the ionization and acceleration zones with Kr, with respect to the Xe discharge, plays an important role in the Xe–Kr differences in performance. The level of plume velocity dispersion with both propellants is found similar due to two opposing effects: on the one hand, the stronger overlap of the ionization and acceleration zones with Kr leads to a larger dispersion on a per species basis; and, on the other hand, the smaller fraction of doubly-charged ions with Kr reduces the overall dispersion efficiency. Magnetic shielding is effective with both Xe and Kr as propellants, with slightly higher ion impact energy on the walls in the Kr discharge.
Overestimation of melting temperatures calculated by first-principles molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Shirai Koun , Momida Hiroyoshi , Sato Kazunori , Hyun Sangil 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Calculating the melting temperature,

T

m

, by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations is a controversial issue. Even first-principles MD (FP-MD) simulations often give large overestimations. The accuracy of the

T

m

value obtained by FP-MD simulations has been assessed by examining various solids and calculation parameters. Because the equilibria of liquids are achieved by the balance between many atom relaxation processes, adiabatic simulation—no use of thermostat—is necessary. The present simulations resolved the presence of the width

W

m

for the transition, which vanishes only at the thermodynamic limit. This brings uncertainty to the obtained

T

m

value by

W

m

. Within this uncertainty, it has been demonstrated a good agreement in

T

m

is obtained for Si and Na by a reasonable size of cells, namely, approximately 100 atoms. This implies that the contribution of surface in determining

T

m

does not constitute a universal reason for use of the solid–liquid coexistence method for bulk solids, unless too large surface energy or other factors are involved. On the other hand, typically for oxide materials, the FP-MD simulations give large overestimations for

T

m

, which are insensitive to the calculation conditions. It is highly likely that the overestimation in

T

m

is brought about by the LDA/GGA error in the electron correlation functional.
The efficient method of lattice dynamics calculation: Monte Carlo integration with importance sampling
Authors: Morita Michimasa , Shiomi Junichiro 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this study, we aimed to accelerate the thermal conductivity calculations of crystalline nanostructures using anharmonic lattice dynamics. For this we implemented Monte Carlo (MC) integration for relaxation time calculations and achieved a dramatic acceleration of approximately two orders of magnitude. The relaxation times can be calculated by computing the scattering rates for all phonon combinations; however, in this MC integration, we instead calculated the scattering rates of a randomly sampled subset of combinations. Then, we estimated the overall scattering rate. Simple MC integration samples the scattering channels that do not contribute to the total scattering rate, leading to inefficiencies. To address this issue, we implemented an importance sampling method (ISM) for improving sampling efficiency. In this study, we compared the computational speeds of both methods and investigated the differences in accuracy by comparing the results with the exact values obtained from traditional relaxation time calculations. The comparison showed similarity between both methods in terms of speed; however, ISM was faster when the error margin was ∼5%. Furthermore, while simple MC integration risks significantly worse accuracy as the system size increases, the ISM remains relatively robust and reliable.
Tuning magnetism in Ising-type van der Waals magnet FePS3 by lithium intercalation
Authors: Upreti Dinesh , Basnet Rabindra , Sharma M M , Karki Chhetri Santosh , Acharya Gokul , Nabi Md Rafique Un , Sakon Josh , Da Bo , Mortazavi Mansour , Hu Jin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Recently, layered transition metal thiophosphate MPX
3 (M = transition metals, X = S or Se) have gained significant attention because of their rich magnetic, optical, and electronic properties. Specifically, the diverse magnetic structures and the robustness of magnetism in the two-dimensional (2D) limit have made them prominent candidates to study 2D magnetism. Numerous efforts such as substitutions and interlayer intercalations have been adopted to tune the magnetic properties of these materials, which has greatly deepened the understanding of the underlying mechanisms that govern the properties. In this work, we focus on modifying the magnetism of Ising-type antiferromagnet FePS3 using electrochemical lithium intercalation. Our work demonstrate the effectiveness of electrochemical intercalation as a controllable tool to modulating magnetism, including tuning magnetic ordering temperature and inducing low temperature spin-glass state, offering an approach for implementing this material into applications.
First-principles calculation of the stopping power of protons in hexagonal boron nitride with different stacking sequences
Authors: Zhang Bin , Ying Tao , Li Weiqi , Xing Chaoyang , Yang Song Yuan , Yang Jianqun , Li Xingji 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study employs the real-time time-dependent density functional theory method to conduct an in-depth investigation of the energy dissipation mechanism of proton in hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) materials. By calculating the stopping power to quantify the energy dissipation of proton, we find that the energy dissipation in h-BN is primarily dependent on electron excitation, with relatively minor nuclear energy loss. Furthermore, we analyze the micro-dynamic behavior of radiation particles in detail by tracking the forces exerted on proton and the charge transfer process. Finally, by simulating the energy transfer of proton through bilayer h-BN under different stacking sequences, we explore the influence of stacking structures on stopping power. The results indicate that asymmetric stacking structures exhibit slightly higher stopping power, which may become a potential stacking configuration for radiation protection. The findings of this study not only provide a new perspective for understanding the radiation response of h-BN materials but also lay an important theoretical foundation for the long-term radiation protection design of h-BN materials.
Self-powered wireless sensing technologies based on triboelectric nanogenerator
Authors: Si Jiawei , Yang Jin , Zhu Zhaofeng , Li Zhukun , Lai Haiyang , Han Lei 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
With the rapid development of the Internet of Things, sustainable energy supply and wireless transmission of distributed wireless sensor nodes have become a challenge. In recent years, self-powered wireless sensing technologies (SWSTs) combining triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG) and wireless solutions have been proposed to address the issues of energy harvesting and wireless transmission. This review systematically summarizes the research advances in SWSTs based on TENG, and compares the advantages and disadvantages of different technologies. In addition, challenges and expectations for future TENG-based SWSTs are discussed as well.
Low-temperature growth of wafer-scale amorphous boron nitride films with low-dielectric-constant and controllable thicknesses
Authors: Zheng Hang , Wan Zihao , Tang Wenna , Huang Xianlei , Zhou Zhenjia , Liu Weilin , Wang Chao , Yuan Guowen , Gao Libo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Amorphous boron nitride (aBN) films, with extremely low relative dielectric constant (κ) and chemical inertness, are excellent insulation and packaging materials for electronic device interconnection. It is of great significance to prepare the low-κ aBN films with controllable thickness, but there are still some limitations to achieve the goal. In this study, we succeed in growing wafer-scale aBN films with specific thicknesses from 1.2 to 4.0 nm by varying the growth time and temperature. The thickness of the films increases linearly with growth time and the crystallinity of BN films is precisely controlled by the growth temperature. The preferred temperature for aBN films ranges from 200 °C to 400 °C. Raman spectroscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and transmission electron microscope all confirm the amorphous feature. These films are wafer-scale uniformity and have an ultra-flat surface, with excellent thermal stability and corrosion resistance. Particularly, the growth temperature affects the κ value and breakdown voltage of aBN films. The aBN films grown at 200 °C have the lowest κ value of 1.66 at 100 kHz, along with the breakdown field strength of 5.5 MV cm−1. We believe that wafer-level aBN films with various thicknesses can bring new opportunities for the development and application of nanoscale electrical devices.
Impact of conductive-filler content on the static sensing performance of spray-coated flexible strain sensors for steel-bridge strain monitoring
Authors: Chen Jun , Cui Chuang , Zhang Qing-hua 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Flexible strain sensors fabricated using spray coating enable efficient and reliable strain monitoring of steel bridges. This study aimed to develop a flexible strain sensor with an extremely low detection limit, high linearity, and high sensitivity. The sensing layer materials were prepared by simply mixing silver-coated copper powder particles and water-based acrylic emulsion. Commercial moisture-proof insulating paint for printed circuit boards was used as the insulating layer, and modified polyurethane resin was used as the protective layer. Sensors were fabricated using the spray coating process, and the influence of the conductive-filler content on their static sensing performance was investigated. The results showed that the sensor exhibited the highest sensitivity near the percolation threshold, with a gauge factor of 272.54 and minimum strain detection limit of 0.000 98% but suffered from high resistance relaxation and hysteresis. At higher conductive-filler contents, the resistance relaxation and hysteresis decreased; however, the sensitivity decreased, and the minimum detection limit of strain increased. The linear correlation coefficient of the sensor first increased and then decreased with increasing filler content; however, all values were above 0.940. A comparison of the conductivity and sensing performance revealed that the performance changes were significant near the percolation threshold and stabilized away from it, whereas the linearity coincided with the conductivity changes. This indicated that the sensor performance was closely related to the initial conductive network state of the sensing layer.
Magnetorheology and sedimentation characteristics of carbonyl iron suspension in polyalphaolefin with a

γ

-Fe2O3 hard magnetic nanoparticle additive
Authors: Park ChaeWon , Wang Shizhao , Jin Hyoung-Joon , Lee Jin-Kyun , Choi Hyoung Jin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The use of micron-sized soft magnetic carbonyl iron (CI) particles in magnetorheological (MR) fluids is often limited by the sedimentation that occurs due to the density difference between these particles and the carrier fluid. To alleviate this problem, in this study hard magnetic

γ

-Fe2O3 nanoparticles (2 wt%) were introduced as an additive and polyalphaolefin (PAO) as a carrier fluid to prepare a CI (80 wt%) based MR fluid. Under a magnetic field of 343 kA m−1, the dynamic yield stress for the MR fluid containing γ-Fe2O3 was approximately 62.2 kPa, while the MR fluid containing pure CI was lower at 54.2 kPa. In addition, the MR fluid containing both

γ

-Fe2O3 and PAO-5 showed 3% less sedimentation than the sample without

γ

-Fe2O3. The sedimentation observed for the MR fluid containing PAO-5 was approximately 24% less than that of the MR fluid using 100 cSt silicone oil as the carrier, and explained based on the interaction energy

between the particles and the carrier fluid. Our finding indicates that the γ-Fe2O3 additive system with PAO as the carrier fluid significantly improved both the MR characteristics with higher yield stress and the dispersion stability of the CI-based MR fluid.
Nonlinear compensation of stretchable strain sensors with application to proprioceptive sensing of soft robotic arm
Authors: Naik Vedant , Fairchild Preston , Tan Xiaobo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
With advances in materials and manufacturing techniques, recent years have seen a number of conductive composite materials that exhibit pronounced strain-dependent electrical resistivity, allowing them to be used for embedded, cost-effective strain sensing in various applications. The strain-resistivity relationship of these materials, however, is often highly nonlinear and dynamic, posing challenges for effective use of such strain sensors. In this paper, a computationally efficient scheme is proposed for compensating the nonlinear, dynamic strain-resistance behavior of a soft conductive rubber using a time delay neural network. The accuracy and feasibility of the technique is evaluated with a soft robotic arm incorporating three strain sensors for proprioception. Experimental results show that the sensing scheme is able to predict both the tip position and the shape of the robotic manipulator, achieving an average tip positional error of less than 4% relative to the total length of the manipulator.
Hierarchical molybdenum disulfide microspheres: a sustainable and highly efficient adsorbent for removal of methylene blue and congo red from wastewater
Authors: Chathambally Vijina , Damodaran Shima P 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study reports the facile and cost-effective hydrothermal synthesis of hierarchical molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) microspheres having superior adsorption capacity for organic dye pollutants. The structural and morphological characteristics of as-synthesized MoS2 microspheres were analyzed by using XRD, SEM, TEM and Raman spectroscopy techniques. Morphological studies revealed that the individual microspheres were composed of many interconnected MoS2 nanosheets, providing them a huge surface. On account of this unique feature, the MoS2 microspheres developed in the present study exhibited enhanced adsorption capacity for cationic dye methylene blue (MB) and anionic dye congo red (CR). The effects of pH, adsorbent dosage, initial dye concentration, and contact time on the adsorption of MB and CR were investigated in detail in the present study. A maximum adsorption capacity of 681.10 and 978.43 mg g−1 were attained for MB and CR respectively which were exceptionally high in comparison with most of the previously reported MoS2-based adsorbents. The adsorption of MB and CR on MoS2 microspheres followed the pseudo-second-order kinetics model and the Freundlich isotherm model. The mechanism of adsorption was explored using intraparticle diffusion (IPD) and Richenberg models. The results showed that the adsorption of MB and CR onto MoS2 microspheres is a multi-step process and IPD has a major contribution in the case of CR adsorption. The MoS2 microspheres retained more than 90% removal efficiency even after five recycle runs. As the developed adsorbent consists of pristine MoS2, there are vast scopes for its functionalization/modification to improve its adsorption ability thereby making it an excellent platform for novel research in the field of environmental remediation.
Planar, broadband, and tunable hot-electron photodetection with chromium-involved Tamm plasmons
Authors: Li Yaoyao , Cui Weihao , Wang Yongmei , Zhou Qingjia , Hu Junhui , Shao Weijia 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Planar hot-electron photodetectors (HE PDs) often operate at specified working wavelengths at which devices exhibit high optical absorption efficiencies. Recently, several planar HE PDs with strong optical absorptions across broad wavelength ranges have been demonstrated. However, the studies about spectral tunability of broadband HE PDs remain scarce and planar hot-electron photodetection with customized spectral linewidths are still absent. Herein, we propose a Tamm plasmon (TP) design of planar, broadband, and tunable HE PDs that have a thin Cr film on a distributed Bragg reflector. Optical investigations show that the thickness of dielectric layer adjacent to Cr layer is a critical factor in determining TP-induced optical responses, including prominent anti-reflection characteristic and broadband strong absorption in the Cr layer. Subsequent electrical analysis verify that device electrical spectra are strongly related to the thickness of critical dielectric layer that have great effects on spectral properties about electronic processes. Comparison studies between the designed Cr-involved device and referenced Au-involved device highlight the superiority of the designed device in high average responsivity and variable broad linewidth.
Unveiling magnetic states in nanotubes: insights from remanent ferromagnetic resonance spectroscopy
Authors: Kumar Abhishek , Kalouni Chirag , Posti Raghvendra , Malik Vivek K , Tiwari Dhananjay , Roy Debangsu 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Magnetic nanotubes have garnered immense attention for their potential in high-density magnetic memory, owing to their stable flux closure configuration and fast, reproducible reversal processes. However, characterizing their magnetic configuration through straightforward methodologies remains a challenge in both scope and detail. Here, we elucidate the magnetic state details using Remanence Field Ferromagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (RFMR) for arrays of electrodeposited nanotubes. Micromagnetic simulations revealed distinct spin configurations while coming from saturation, including the edge vortex, onion, uniform and curling states, with chirality variations depending on the preparation field direction. We identified individual spin configurations, as depicted in our micromagnetic simulations, through careful measurements of the RFMR spectra starting from both positive and negative saturation. The Observations revealed opposite RFMR spectra, indicating opposite magnetic spin configurations after removing the positive and negative saturating fields when the magnetic field was applied along

(
θ

H

=

0

o

)

and perpendicular

(
θ

H

=

90

o

)

to the nanotube axis. We observed a mixture of the non-uniform curling states with the end vortex state (onion-like curling state) at the end of the nanotubes for the

θ

H

=

0

o

(

90

o

)

and uniform magnetization states in the middle of the nanotubes for the

θ

H

=

0

o

configuration. Dynamic measurements in presence of the bias field, coupled with RFMR spectra analysis, provided insights into the evolution of individual modes. Additionally, our FMR analysis indicates nucleation within the edge vortex state, which was further corroborated by micromagnetic analysis and substantiated with First Order Reversal Curve (FORC) measurements.
Tailoring quantum wells in AlGaInP laser diodes for superior optical performance
Authors: Anum  , Usman Muhammad , Habib Usman 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This work employed composition-graded quantum wells (QWs) to increase the performance of red laser diodes (LDs) based on Aluminum gallium indium phosphide (AlGaInP). Two LDs, one with conventional QWs and other with composition-graded QWs, were studied numerically. The findings showed that the LD with composition-graded QWs significantly improved the device performance such as enhanced carrier concentration in the active region, decreased carrier leakage, improved carrier injection efficiency, and a higher rate of stimulated recombination rate. According to the results of the simulation, grading the QWs enhanced the slope efficiency to 0.80 W A−1 and successfully reduced the threshold current to 300 mA. This enhanced performance, compared to conventional LDs, demonstrates the promising impact of our employed composition grading.
Quantum neural network classifier with differential privacy
Authors: Li Guodong , Yu Fangce , Wang Qingle , Liu Lin , Mao Ying , Cheng Long 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Quantum neural networks (QNN) hold the potential for quantum advantages but are confronted with privacy leakage risks that could undermine users’ benefits. To address this issue, we propose an enhanced QNN model integrated with differential privacy. After converting classical data into quantum states using encoding circuit, we apply data re-uploading technology to embed the encoding circuit multiple times into the overall circuit. The classification outcomes are derived by measuring the final quantum state. During the optimization process of QNN, we introduce Gaussian noise into the gradient of the loss function to ensure differential privacy. Our theoretical analysis demonstrates that in differential privacy settings, the model effectively protects privacy while demonstrating good performance. Our experimental analysis demonstrates that on four standard datasets, our model achieves the same accuracy as classical neural network (NN) while utilizing only 22% of the parameters of NN, and exhibiting lower performance loss compared to other QNN.