bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fractionating difficulty during sentence comprehension using functional neuroimaging
Authors: Thothathiri Malathi , Basnakova Jana , Lewis Ashley G , Briand Josephine M 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Sentence comprehension is highly practiced and largely automatic, but this belies the complexity of the underlying processes. We used functional neuroimaging to investigate garden-path sentences that cause difficulty during comprehension, in order to unpack the different processes used to support sentence interpretation. By investigating garden-path and other types of sentences within the same individuals, we functionally profiled different regions within the temporal and frontal cortices in the left hemisphere. The results revealed that different aspects of comprehension difficulty are handled by left posterior temporal, left anterior temporal, ventral left frontal, and dorsal left frontal cortices. The functional profiles of these regions likely lie along a spectrum of specificity to generality, including language-specific processing of linguistic representations, more general conflict resolution processes operating over linguistic representations, and processes for handling difficulty in general. These findings suggest that difficulty is not unitary and that there is a role for a variety of linguistic and non-linguistic processes in supporting comprehension.
Utilization of cage germoxanes as templates for tuning pore characteristics of siloxane-based materials
Authors: Hayashi Taiki , Matsuno Takamichi , Kuroda Kazuyuki , Shimojima Atsushi 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We demonstrate the utilization of cage germoxanes as templates for tuning the pore characteristics of siloxane-based materials. Molecular-scale composites of cage germoxanes and cage siloxanes were prepared by hydrosilylation reactions between SiH- and vinyl-modified cage siloxanes in the presence of vinyl-modified cage germoxanes. Subsequent acid treatments selectively removed the germoxane moiety, resulting in variation in the pore structures. These results contribute to developing a novel method for tuning the pore characteristics of siloxane-based nanoporous materials.
Structures and circularly polarized luminescence of copper(I) complexes with chiral diimine and achiral diphosphine ligands
Authors: Sato Rumi , Mukai Madoka , Tsubomura Taro 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Copper(I) complexes with chiral diimine and diphosphine ligands were prepared and their chiroptical properties were investigated. By adding chirality to the diimine ligand, CPL (circularly polarized luminescence) intensities emitted from the copper(I) complex were enhanced to a maximum absolute gem value of 3 × 10−3, which is considered large for a mononuclear copper(I) complex.
Dentoskeletal effects of mini-screw assisted, non-surgical palatal expansion in adults using a modified force-controlled polycyclic protocol: a single-centre retrospective study
Authors: Ponna Priyanka , Tarraf Nour Eldin , Dalci Kerem , Wilmes Benedict , Darendeliler Mehmet Ali , Dalci Oyku 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objectives
This study assessed the dental and skeletal effects of pure bone-borne, non-surgical maxillary expansion, using a modified force-controlled polycyclic protocol.

Methods
Records of 17 adult patients, mean age 24.1 years; range 18–39 years, who had undergone maxillary expansion using a bone-borne Quad-expander (with 4 mini-screws), were analysed. In all patients, 0.17 mm/day of expansion was completed for 1 week, followed by a cyclic protocol of expansion of forward and backward turns until the force needed to turn the expander was below 400 cN, assessed weekly. After this, expansion continued at a rate of 0.17 mm/day until the desired amount of expansion was achieved. Cone beam computer tomography scans were taken pre- and post-expansion.

Results
The mid-palatal suture was successfully opened in 100% of patients included in this study. Axially, the amount of skeletal opening at the posterior nasal spine was 61% of the anterior nasal spine. Expansion was pyramidal in the coronal plane. Significant increases at the dental and skeletal levels were achieved, with changes at the skeletal level reaching 73%. The alveolar bone angle increased more than the angular changes at the molars and premolars.

Limitations
This is a retrospective study with short-term results.

Conclusion
The Quad-expander, with a force-controlled polycyclic expansion protocol, effectively produced a significant increase in maxillary width in skeletally mature subjects in the short term.
An expression-directed linear mixed model discovering low-effect genetic variants
Authors: Li Qing , Bian Jiayi , Qian Yanzhao , Kossinna Pathum , Gau Cooper , Gordon Paul M K , Zhou Xiang , Guo Xingyi , Yan Jun , Wu Jingjing , Long Quan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Detecting genetic variants with low-effect sizes using a moderate sample size is difficult, hindering downstream efforts to learn pathology and estimating heritability. In this work, by utilizing informative weights learned from training genetically predicted gene expression models, we formed an alternative approach to estimate the polygenic term in a linear mixed model. Our linear mixed model estimates the genetic background by incorporating their relevance to gene expression. Our protocol, expression-directed linear mixed model, enables the discovery of subtle signals of low-effect variants using moderate sample size. By applying expression-directed linear mixed model to cohorts of around 5,000 individuals with either binary (WTCCC) or quantitative (NFBC1966) traits, we demonstrated its power gain at the low-effect end of the genetic etiology spectrum. In aggregate, the additional low-effect variants detected by expression-directed linear mixed model substantially improved estimation of missing heritability. Expression-directed linear mixed model moves precision medicine forward by accurately detecting the contribution of low-effect genetic variants to human diseases.
Feeling for the Anthropocene: affective relations and ecological activism in the global South
Authors: Badri Adarsh 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
How do emotions shape ecological activism in the global South? Despite growing interest in researching ecological activism in International Relations (IR), there hasn't been much work that draws insights from the global South due to the predominant focus on western societies. Against the backdrop of the recent ‘relational’, ‘emotional’ and ‘Anthropocene’ turns in IR scholarship, this article examines how emotions can contribute to ecological activism in the global South. The article seeks to move beyond the dominant rationalist technocratic fixes to the Anthropocene condition and conceptualize the ‘affective relations’ as a frame for situating and sustaining relations between humans and nature. It argues that the ‘international’ in IR is a relational sphere of society—and emotions act as the purveyor of those social relations. Empirically, this article examines historical insights from ecological activism in the Chipko (tree-hugging) movement in India. The article argues that feelings as the non-violent practice (in their hugging of trees, silent demonstrations, protest slogans, street plays, songs and performances) become sites of resistance in ecological activism in India's Chipko movement. Finally, the article explains how affective relations sustain humans, nature and the state.
An Analogue of Ladder Representations for Classical Groups
Authors: Atobe Hiraku 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we introduce a notion of ladder representations for split odd special orthogonal groups and symplectic groups over a non-archimedean local field of characteristic zero. This is a natural class in the admissible dual, which contains both strongly positive discrete series representations and irreducible representations with irreducible $A$-parameters. We compute Jacquet modules and the Aubert duals of ladder representations, and we establish a formula for describing ladder representations in terms of linear combinations of standard modules.
Tamely Ramified Geometric Langlands Correspondence in Positive Characteristic
Authors: Shen Shiyu 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We prove a version of the tamely ramified geometric Langlands correspondence in positive characteristic for $GL_{n}(k)$, where $k$ is an algebraically closed field of characteristic $p&gt; n$. Let $X$ be a smooth projective curve over $k$ with marked points, and fix a parabolic subgroup of $GL_{n}(k)$ at each marked point. We denote by $\operatorname{Bun}_{n,P}$ the moduli stack of (quasi-)parabolic vector bundles on $X$, and by $\mathcal{L}oc_{n,P}$ the moduli stack of parabolic flat connections such that the residue is nilpotent with respect to the parabolic reduction at each marked point. We construct an equivalence between the bounded derived category $D^{b}(\operatorname{QCoh}({\mathcal{L}oc_{n,P}^{0}}))$ of quasi-coherent sheaves on an open substack $\mathcal{L}oc_{n,P}^{0}\subset \mathcal{L}oc_{n,P}$, and the bounded derived category $D^{b}(\mathcal{D}^{0}_{{\operatorname{Bun}}_{n,P}}\operatorname{-mod})$ of $\mathcal{D}^{0}_{{\operatorname{Bun}}_{n,P}}$-modules, where $\mathcal{D}^{0}_{\operatorname{Bun}_{n,P}}$ is a localization of $\mathcal{D}_{\operatorname{Bun}_{n,P}}$ the sheaf of crystalline differential operators on $\operatorname{Bun}_{n,P}$. Thus, we extend the work of Bezrukavnikov–Braverman [ 8] to the tamely ramified case. We also prove a correspondence between flat connections on $X$ with regular singularities and meromorphic Higgs bundles on the Frobenius twist $X^{(1)}$ of $X$ with first-order poles.
Surface-active antibiotic production as a multifunctional adaptation for postfire microorganisms
Authors: Liu Mira D , Du Yongle , Koupaei Sara K , Kim Nicole R , Fischer Monika S , Zhang Wenjun , Traxler Matthew F 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Wildfires affect soils in multiple ways, leading to numerous challenges for colonizing microorganisms. Although it is thought that fire-adapted microorganisms lie at the forefront of postfire ecosystem recovery, the specific strategies that these organisms use to thrive in burned soils remain largely unknown. Through bioactivity screening of bacterial isolates from burned soils, we discovered that several Paraburkholderia spp. isolates produced a set of unusual rhamnolipid surfactants with a natural methyl ester modification. These rhamnolipid methyl esters (RLMEs) exhibited enhanced antimicrobial activity against other postfire microbial isolates, including pyrophilous Pyronema fungi and Amycolatopsis bacteria, compared to the typical rhamnolipids made by organisms such as Pseudomonas spp. RLMEs also showed enhanced surfactant properties and facilitated bacterial motility on agar surfaces. In vitro assays further demonstrated that RLMEs improved aqueous solubilization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, which are potential carbon sources found in char. Identification of the rhamnolipid biosynthesis genes in the postfire isolate, Paraburkholderia kirstenboschensis str. F3, led to the discovery of rhlM, whose gene product is responsible for the unique methylation of rhamnolipid substrates. RhlM is the first characterized bacterial representative of a large class of integral membrane methyltransferases that are widespread in bacteria. These results indicate multiple roles for RLMEs in the postfire lifestyle of Paraburkholderia isolates, including enhanced dispersal, solubilization of potential nutrients, and inhibition of competitors. Our findings shed new light on the chemical adaptations that bacteria employ to navigate, grow, and outcompete other soil community members in postfire environments.
The Perceived Informational Needs of Family Caregivers of Children Hospitalized in a Burn Department: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Yavari Sima , Vahidi Maryam , Namdar Areshtanab Hossein , Lotfi Mojgan , Jafarzadeh Kohneloo Aarefeh 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Children are most vulnerable to burn injuries, and their families are their most important source of support. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the information needs of such parents and support them to help children adapt to the new situation, recover to pre-accident conditions, and reintegrate into school and society. This study aimed to investigate the perceived information needs of family caregivers of children admitted to the burn wards of hospitals. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 family caregivers of children admitted to the burn ward of a hospital in Tabriz, Iran. Participants were selected through convenience sampling, and the required data were collected by using questionnaires on socio-demographic information, information needs, information resources, and information acquisition methods. The obtained data were analyzed statistically using descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, frequency, and percentage) and inferential statistics (Mann–Whitney, Kruskal–Wallis, and Spearman correlation tests). Results indicated that the greatest informational need among family caregivers was related to the child’s condition. The treatment team was identified as the most important source of information for them. It was found that information should be provided in a comprehensive and understandable manner, while maintaining honesty and human dignity. The study findings contribute to our understanding of the specific information needs of family caregivers in managing the medical care of children with burns. These findings can serve as a basis for interventions and support services aimed at meeting the needs of these families and improving the quality of care for children with burns.
Two transcription factors, RhERF005 and RhCCCH12, regulate rose resistance to Botrytis cinerea by modulating cytokinin levels
Authors: Liu Xintong , Cao Xiaoqian , Chen Meng , Li Dandan , Zhang Zhao 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Gray mold caused by the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea is one of the most destructive diseases in rose (Rosa spp.). Rose infection by B. cinerea leads to severe economic losses due to necrosis, tissue collapse, and rot. In rose, cytokinins (CKs) positively regulate a defense response to B. cinerea, but little is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms. Here, we characterized two ethylene/jasmonic acid-regulated transcription factors, RhEFR005 and RhCCCH12, that bind to the promoter region of PATHOGENESIS-RELATED 10.1 (RhPR10.1) and promote its transcription, leading to decreased susceptibility to B. cinerea. The RhEFR005/RhCCCH12–RhPR10.1 module regulated cytokinin content in rose, and the susceptibility of RhEFR005-, RhCCCH12-, and RhPR10.1-silenced rose petals can be rescued by exogenous CK. In summary, our results reveal that the RhERF005/RhCCCH12–RhPR10.1 module regulates the CK-induced defense response of rose to B. cinerea.
‘As a Black woman, there’s no winning in law enforcement’: Black women’s experiences in policing
Authors: Haakmat Narissa , Ruffin Joshua R 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Studies examining the experiences of Black officers often negate gendered nuances. In this qualitative study, we draw upon the lived experiences of Black women employed at a mid-sized police agency in Virginia. Between August 2021 and March 2022, in-depth interviews were conducted with Black women across ranks to learn about how their identity as Black women impacted their social environment at work. Thematic findings reflected the impact that the lack of representation had on Black women officers, the self-reported victories and downfalls associated with Black women achieving rank, and the presence of tokenism, primarily seen in these women’s interactions with other peers. Policy and practical implications are discussed.
Prevalence of central sleep apnea among veterans and response rate to continuous positive airway pressure therapy
Authors: Ibrahim Nesrine Adly , Sankari Abdulghani , Aldwaikat Ahmad , Pandya Nishtha , Chowdhuri Susmita , Salloum Anan , Martin Jennifer L , Zeineddine Salam , Badr M Safwan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Study Objectives
Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is common in the Veteran population. In this retrospective study, we investigated the prevalence of comorbid central and obstructive SDB and the response rate to PAP among Veterans.

Methods
Veterans were screened from a single VA medical center who had polysomnography (PSG) study from 2017 to 2021 to ascertain the presence, severity, and type of SDB by measuring the apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) and central apnea index (CAI). Patients were excluded if they did not have complete studies (diagnostic and PAP titration studies). The inclusion criteria for these analyses were central sleep apnea (CSA) defined as AHI ≥ 10 events/hour and CAI ≥ 5 events/hour. Diagnostic “CSA only” was defined as AHI ≥ 10 events/hour and CAI ≥ 50% of AHI. “OSA only” was defined if AHI ≥ 10 events/hour and CAI &lt; 5 events/hour. Comorbid central and obstructive sleep apnea (COSA) was defined if AHI ≥ 10 events/hour and CAI &gt; 5 events/hour but &lt; 50% of AHI. The responsiveness to PAP therapy was determined based on the CAI &lt; 5 events/hour on the titration study.

Results
A total of 90 patients met the inclusion criteria and from those 64 Veterans were found to have COSA (71%), 18 (20%) were CSA only, and 8 (9%) were OSA only. A total of 22 (24.4%) Veterans diagnosed with CSA or COSA were responsive to PAP therapy. Sixty days after treatment initiation, both responsive and nonresponsive groups had significant decreases in AHI and CAI (p &lt; 0.05).

Conclusions
Comorbid central and obstructive SDB is common among Veterans. The response to PAP therapy is suboptimal but improves over time.
The Effects of Reverse-Role Simulation on Nursing Students’ Ethnocultural Empathy: A Quantitative Study
Authors: Lalande Fabiola D. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

AIM
The aim of this study was to examine the impact of reverse-role simulation on nursing students’ empathy levels toward ethnoculturally diverse patients.

BACKGROUND
Empathy is an essential component of culturally competent care; however, it is often left out of cultural competence education. Enhancing nursing students’ cultural empathy may benefit students and patients.

METHOD
The study used a quasi-experimental one-group pretest-posttest design in a private nursing school in the Northeast. The sample consisted of 37 undergraduate nursing students.

RESULTS
Pretest and posttest scores were statistically different, indicating a significant increase in the students’ ethnocultural empathy, t(36) = −3.20, p = .003.

CONCLUSION
This study supports using reverse-role simulation as an effective teaching strategy to enhance nursing students’ empathy toward ethnocultural diverse patients. Placing students in the “shoes” of an ethnoculturally diverse patient can increase their empathy levels and enhance cultural competence education.
Combined Therapy of Paravertebral Nerve Pulsed Radiofrequency and Subcutaneous Block for Acute/subacute Herpetic Neuralgia
Authors: Zhang Wei , Yu Bin , Jia Zipu , Zhao Chunmei , Luo Fang 
Published: February 2024

Objectives:
This retrospective study aimed to investigate the effectiveness and safety of early combined therapy with CT-guided paravertebral nerve (PVN) pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) and subcutaneous block on acute/subacute herpes zoster (HZ).

Methods:
A total of 98 medical records were analyzed. All patients underwent CT-guided PRF on PVN immediately followed by a single subcutaneous block with lidocaine and dexamethasone in acute/subacute phase. The therapy efficacy was evaluated by pain numeric rating scale (NRS) and effective rate, which was defined as a percent of cases with a reduction in pain NRS＞50%, at day 1, week 2, 4, 12 and 24 after procedure. The incidences of medication reduction and postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) were also retrieved. Further comparison was conducted between acute group (disease duration<30 d from HZ onset) and subacute group (30 d<duration<90 d from HZ onset).

Results:
Early combined therapy indicated an immediate and sustained improvement in pain NRS as compared to before treatment (P<0.0001), with the effective rates of 74%, 79%, 80%, 76% and 79% at day 1, week 2, 4, 12 and 24 after procedure, respectively. At the end of follow-up, the proportion of patients with a reduction of>50% in prior medications amounted to 83% and the incidence of clinically meaningful PHN decreased to 23%. The clinical efficacy was more profound in acute group than in subacute group at every time points (P<0.05). No severe complications occurred.

Discussion:
Our data revealed surprising levels of pain relief by combination therapies of PRF and subcutaneous block targeting different sites of pain pathway, thus suggesting a valuable treatment option for acute/subacute herpetic neuralgia.
Depression Screening in Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery Clinics and Identifying Patients At-Risk
Authors: Catanzano Anthony A. , Bastrom Tracey P. , Bartley Carrie E. , Yaszay Burt , Upasani Vidyadhar V. , Newton Peter O. 
Published: February 2024

Background:
Up to 25% of youth experience a depressive episode by 18 years of age, leading the US Preventive Services Task Force to recommend depression screening within this population. This study aimed to understand the prevalence of depression identified within pediatric orthopedic clinics compared with primary care clinics after the implementation of a screening program and present data on the prevalence of moderate-severe depression across specific pediatric orthopedic clinics, characterizing and identifying specific populations at higher risk.

Methods:
A retrospective review was performed to identify all patients screened using the 2-item and 9-item versions of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2/PHQ-9) and the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale over a 2-year period (October 2018 to January 2021) within pediatric primary care and orthopaedic clinics. Demographic and clinical characteristics were collected. Statistical analysis was performed to compare scores between orthopedic and primary care clinics, as well as between the different pediatric orthopedic subspecialties and included χ2 test, ANOVA, and logistic regression.

Results:
There were 32,787 unique adolescent patients screened in primary care clinics, with an additional 14,078 unique adolescent patients screened in orthopaedic clinics, leading to a 30% increase in the overall number of patients receiving depression screening. 5.2% of patients in primary care pediatric clinics screened positive for moderate-severe depression versus 2.0% in pediatric orthopaedic clinics (P<0.001). 2.7% of primary care patients were at risk of self-harm compared with 0.8% of orthopedic patients (P<0.001). Within orthopaedic subspecialty clinics, the spine patients were at the highest risk of moderate-severe depression (3.5%), significantly higher than both the sports (1.4%, P=0.006) and patients with acute fracture (1.3%, P<0.001).

Conclusions:
This study demonstrates the high incidence of patients screening positive for depression in pediatric and adolescent orthopaedic clinics. By identifying high-risk clinics and patient groups, health care systems can apply a more practical approach and appropriately deploy behavioral health specialists for timely counseling and treatment discussions.

Level of Evidence:
Level—III.