bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE OBSTETRIC OUTCOME OF TEENAGE PREGNANCY
Authors: Osbourne G. K. , Howat R. C. L. , Jordan M. M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA retrospective case record analysis of the obstetric outcome in 715 consecutive teenage primigravidae was performed. They were late in booking for hospital confinement and were frequently unsure of their expected date of delivery; 82 per cent were unmarried before conception. When compared with primigravidae aged 20 to 24 years, anaemia was the only antenatal complication that was significantly increased. There was no evidence of an increased obstetric risk in the teenage women as a group but those who remained single showed significantly higher rates of premature labour and perinatal mortality when compared with the married women and appear to constitute an at risk group.
CHANGES IN SERUM BILE ACID CONCENTRATIONS DURING NORMAL PREGNANCY, IN PATIENTS WITH INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS OF PREGNANCY AND IN PREGNANT WOMEN WITH ITCHING
Authors: Heikkinen J. , Mäentausta O. , Ylöstalo P. , Jänne O. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryTwo primary bile acids, cholic acid (CA) and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), and one secondary bile acid, deoxycholic acid (DCA), were measured by radioimmuno‐assay in pregnancy serum from 30 healthy women, 49 women with itching and 45 with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. All subjects were studied serially from between 16 and 20 weeks gestation until 35–60 days post partum. In healthy pregnant women, serum CA and DCA levels did not change significantly at any time. The mean CDCA level rose significantly towards term. In women with intrahepatic cholestasis, serum levels of CA and CDCA were increased ten‐ and five‐fold, respectively, at the time of appearance of clinical Symptoms and the CA/CDCA ratio rose from l/l to 2/1; there was also a moderate increase in the serum concentration of DCA. In 4 of 8 women studied prospectively an increase in serum bile acid levels preceded the appearance of Symptoms or other laboratory evidence of intrahepatic cholestasis. Nine of the women with itching with normal routine liver function test results had increases in serum CA and CDCA concen‐trations suggesting mild cholestasis.
FETAL POSITION AND SKULL SHAPE
Authors: Sunderland R. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe skull shapes of 615 consecutively born babies weighing over 2500 g were examined visually and by palpation. A characteristic deformity of the occiput was found which was strongly associated with breech presentation; it is suggested that this be termed hyptiocephaly. Severe forms of hyptiocephaly might partially explain the high incidence of occipital osteodiastasis in breech babies. A lesser occipital deformity was associated with occipito‐posterior presentation. It was found that facial asymmetry declined with increasing parity. Statistical trends suggest that all of these abnormalities of skull shape are the effect, rather than the cause, of the abnormal fetal position.
ORIGIN OF AMNIOTIC FLUID CELLS IN MID‐TRIMESTER PREGNANCIES
Authors: Tydén O. , Bergström S. , Nilsson B. A. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryAmniotic fluid cells provide important information about the fetus. Studies of the surface ultrastructure of such cells identified four cell populations in midgestational fluids. A parallel study of tissue surfaces in contact with or communicating with the amniotic fluid showed that some tissues made no contribution to the cell populations, while others contributed extensively. Two principal cell shedding mechanisms were found in mid‐trimester—exfoliation of whole cells and detachment of cellular fragments. The latter mechanism was observed from skin and umbilical cords during a limited period in mid‐pregnancy. The majority of cells were derived from exfoliation of squamous epithelia.
IMMUNOFLUORESCENT STUDIES OF THE UTEROPLACENTAL ARTERIES IN NORMAL PREGNANCY
Authors: Weir P. E. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryImmunofluorescent studies were performed on placental bed biopsies from 27 normal pregnancies. Uteroplacental arteries were present in 26 of the 27 biopsies and all showed deposition of fibrin in relation to the fibrinoid layer within the vessel wall; 12 also showed deposition of C3. Interstitial fibrinoid deposits also stained positively with fibrin. There was no deposition of immunoglobulins within the arterial changes nor in association with intramural or interstitial trophoblast. This study indicates that fibrin is a significant contributor to the fibrinoid layer within the Uteroplacental arteries, and suggests that the presence of bound C3 is due to the activation of the complement system by fibrinogenesis. There was no evidence that the humoral immune response was involved in the aetiology of the physiological changes in the Uteroplacental arteries.
THE EFFECTS OF PROTAMINE ON SERUM LEVELS OF PLACENTAL PROTEIN 5 (PP5) IN NORMAL AND ABNORMAL PREGNANCY: A POSSIBLE RELATION TO COAGULATION ABNORMALITIES
Authors: Salem H. T. , Seppälä M. , Ranta T. , Bohn H. , Chard T. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe levels of placental protein 5 (PP5) in pregnancy serum show an apparent increase after the addition of protamine sulphate. The difference of the apparent concentrations of serum PP5 in the presence and absence of protamine (ΔPP5) was determined in 345 normal and abnormal pregnancies. A positive ΔPP5 was less frequent in diabetic pregnancy (45 per cent) and pre‐eclampsia (57 per cent) than in normal pregnancy (80 per cent). These findings provide further evidence that PP5 may be involved in the coagulation system, and in particular may relate to abnormal coagulation processes at the placental site.
RAISED HYPOXANTHINE, XANTHINE AND URIDINE CONCENTRATIONS IN MECONIUM STAINED AMNIOTIC FLUID AND DURING LABOUR
Authors: O'Connor M. C. , Harkness R. A. , Simmonds R. J. , Hytten F. E. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryAmniotic fluid samples were obtained at induction of labour in 64 women; in 15 of these there was meconium staining of the amniotic fluid; the remainder showed no signs of fetal distress. Using high pressure liquid chromatography, compared to the samples from normal patients there were highly significantly raised levels of hypo‐xanthine, xanthine and uridine in the meconium stained samples; oxypurines in the meconium itself could not explain the difference. Where serial samples were obtained during labour by intrauterine catheter, a terminal rise in oxypurine levels was apparent. Where the proportion of oxypurine present as hypoxanthine exceeded one per cent in amniotic fluid at the time of induction, there was a significantly greater occurrence of late fetal heart rate decelerations in the ensuing labour. These findings are consistent with other evidence that when tissues become hypoxic the metabolic products of nucleotide breakdown escape from the cells and appear in extracellular fluid. Oxygen lack in the fetus probably causes loss of these compounds from the hypoxic kidneys to the urine so that they appear in amniotic fluid.
SIMPLIFIED ANTEPARTUM FETAL HEART ASSESSMENT
Authors: Baskett T. F. , Boyce C. D. , Lohre M. A. , Manning F. A. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryAntepartum fetal heart rate monitoring based on the association of fetal heart rate accelerations with fetal movements (non‐stress test) is a standard method for fetal surveillance. Application of this ‐method requires a continuous fetal heart rate recording monitor. Audible detection of heart rate accelerations was compared with recorded accelerations in 100 tests. A listening observer detected 77–7 per cent of all accelerations with an amplitude of at least 15 beats/minute. This allowed the detection of 94.2 per cent (82 out of 87) reactive non‐stress tests. In no case was a non‐reactive test called falsely reactive by the listening observer. This method may be useful for assessing fetal condition when continuous fetal heart rate monitors are not available.
THE INFLUENCE OF MATERNAL ANALGESIA ON NEONATAL BEHAVIOUR: I. PETHIDINE
Authors: Belsey Elizabeth M. , Rosenblatt Deborah B. , Lieberman B. A. , Redshaw Margaret , Caldwell J. , Notarianni Lidia , Smith R. L. , Beard R. W. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryNeonatal behaviour in a group of infants whose mothers received pethidine during labour was assessed at delivery and during the first six weeks of life by means of the Brazelton Neonatal Behavioural Assessment Scale. The influence of the total maternal dose of pethidine and umbilical cord blood concentration of the drug on such behaviour has been examined with the confounding effects of all other variables controlled. Higher cord blood levels of pethidine were associated with babies who were more prone to respiratory difficulties, drowsy and unresponsive immediately after delivery. Throughout the six weeks in which the assessments were made, depressed attention and social responsiveness were found in infants with high drug levels. At three and six weeks, the infant whose exposure to pethidine had been high tended to change state more frequently, to cry during the test and to be less capable of quieting himself. These findings suggest that the newborn infant responds to pethidine in the same way as the adult, but the changes observed were relatively subtle, and comparison of these infants with a control group whose mothers had received no drugs revealed no between‐group differences in behaviour.
THE INFLUENCE OF MATERNAL ANALGESIA ON NEONATAL BEHAVIOUR: II. EPIDURAL BUPIVACAINE
Authors: Rosenblatt Deborah B. , Belsey Elizabeth M. , Lieberman B. A. , Redshaw Margaret , Caldwell J. , Notarianni Lidia , Smith R. L. , Beard R. W. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryFour areas of neonatal behaviour have been assessed at delivery and during the following six weeks in a group of infants whose mothers were given epidural bupivacaine during labour. The influence on such behaviour of the total maternal dose of bupivacaine and umbilical cord blood concentration of the drug has been examined with the confounding effects of other maternal and obstetric variables controlled. Significant and consistent effects of bupivacaine throughout the assessment period can be demonstrated. Immediately after delivery, infants with greater exposure to bupivacaine in utero were more likely to be cyanotic and unresponsive to their surroundings. Visual skills and alertness decreased significantly with increases in the cord blood concentration of bupivacaine, particularly on the first day of life but also throughout the next six weeks. Adverse effects of bupivacaine levels on the infant's motor organisation, his ability to control his own state of consciousness and his physiological response to stress were also observed. Muscle tone alone appeared to improve with increases in the values of the drug variables. These results show that the neonate differs from the adult in respect of both the nature of effects of the drug and sensitivity to it.
ISOLATED DEFECT IN HUMAN PLACENTAL LACTOGEN SYNTHESIS IN A NORMAL PREGNANCY
Authors: Borody I. B. , Carlton M. A. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA deficiency in the synthesis of human placental lactogen (hPL) was found in a woman in her second pregnancy. Other placental hormone levels were normal. The woman gave birth to a healthy female infant. hPL deficiency is rare and a survey of the literature has revealed only one previous case report which described the birth of a male infant. The present report of a hPL deficiency is the first associated with the birth of a normal female infant.
PLASMA OSMOLALITY AND URINARY CONCENTRATION AND DILUTION DURING AND AFTER PREGNANCY: EVIDENCE THAT LATERAL RECUMBENCY INHIBITS MAXIMAL URINARY CONCENTRATING ABILITY
Authors: Davison J. M. , Vallotton M. B. , Lindheimer M. D. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryIn nine women studied serially before conception and through the first trimester, plasma osmolality (Posm) started to decline with the first missed menstrual period, was significantly decreased by the fifth week of pregnancy and was 10 mosmol/kg lower than preconception values by the tenth week, changing little thereafter. Changes in plasma sodium (and its attendant anion) accounted for the majority of the decrement. In separate studies, urinary concentration and dilution, assessed by water deprivation and loading, were studied in nine women during their last trimester and again 10–12 weeks post partum. Basal Posm was 9 mosmol/kg lower in the last trimester than post partum (p < 0.001) but the results of concentration and dilution tests were similar during and after pregnancy. Basal urinary arginine vasopressin (AVP) excretion was similar during and after pregnancy and water loading suppressed AVP excretion in both pregnant and postpartum women. An unanticipated observation was that lateral recumbency interfered with urinary concentration tests in both pregnant and postpartum women. The results demonstrate that the decrement in Posm during pregnancy is an early event. The data (urinary AVP excretion, its suppression by water loading and normal concentration and dilution despite a lower plasma tonicity) also suggest that human pregnancy is accompanied by a resetting of the threshold for vasopressin secretion to a lower Posm
SUBCUTANEOUS OXYGEN TENSION IN THE FETAL SCALP DURING LABOUR CONTINUOUS MONITORING WITH A NEEDLE ELECTRODE
Authors: Aarnoudse J. G. , Huisjes H. J. , Oeseburg B. , Zijlstra W. G. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryContinuous intrapartum PO2 recordings were made in 25 fetuses, using a needle electrode that measures PO2 in the subcutaneous (sc) tissue of the scalp or the breech. This small electrode is combined with a spiral ECG electrode and can be easily applied in early labour. One hour after application of the electrode in the early first stage, a mean fetal scPO2 of 29.4±7.5 mm Hg was found. In the course of labour, scPO2 gradually fell to a mean value of 22.2±5.6 mm Hg, recorded just before the onset of bearing down contractions, and stabilised in the second stage of labour. ScPO2 values of less than 10 mm Hg were not recorded for a longer period except in one case of severe fetal distress. The relation between scPO2 just before delivery and cord arterial PO2 revealed a coefficient of correlation of 0.85. In general, scPO2 appeared higher than tcPO2 as described in the literature. This is ascribed to the different technique of measurement: the needle electrode measures in the deeper layers of the scalp, whereas the tc electrode is supplied with oxygen from the more superficial capillaries, where blood flow is more liable to be affected by mechanical factors.
INTESTINAL ATRESIA CAUSED BY SECOND TRIMESTER AMNIOCENTESIS
Authors: Therkelsen A. J. , Rehder H. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryIn an amniotic fluid sample obtained by mid‐trimester amniocentesis a string of fetal mucosa and submucosa from the small intestine was found. The fetus was aborted 21 days after the amniocentesis. There was no lesion of the abdominal wall, but an ileal atresia, fibrous adhesions, bilateral hydronephrosis and kinked ureters were found at autopsy.
PREMATURE OVARIAN FAILURE ASSOCIATED WITH THE CANDIDA ENDOCRINOPATHY SYNDROME CASE REPORT
Authors: Dempsey A. T. , de Swiet M. , Dewhurst John 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA 27‐year‐old woman with premature ovarian failure associated with the Candida endocrinopathy syndrome is reported. A review of the literature is presented.
OVARIAN CANCER: THE TEN YEAR EXPERIENCE OF A DISTRICT GENERAL HOSPITAL
Authors: Kennedy C. R. , Gordon H. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryNinety‐seven cases of ovarian cancer were diagnosed and treated at Northwick Park Hospital between 1970 and 1980. In this retrospective study data are presented about symptomatology and certain aetiological factors. The survival with different treatment regimens is compared, with particular reference to the improved figures resulting from a policy of aggressive surgery followed by multiple chemotherapy.
USE OF HIGH DOSE CIS‐DICHLORODIAMMINE PLATINUM (II) (NSC—119875)† FOLLOWING FAILURE ON PREVIOUS CHEMOTHERAPY FOR ADVANCED CARCINOMA OF THE OVARY
Authors: Barker G. H. , Wiltshaw E. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryCis‐dichlorodiammine platinum II (cisplatin) in high dose was given to 40 patients with advanced carcinoma of the ovary, 31 had been previously treated with alkyl‐ating agents or various chemotherapy regimens excluding cisplatin and 9 patients had tumours resistant to low dose cisplatin regimens. The high dose regimen consisted of cisplatin given at 100 mg/m2 with 24 hours pre‐ and post‐treatment hydration, at monthly intervals up to a maximum of 5 doses. Seventeen of the 31 patients (55%) showed a therapeutic response including 25% who had complete regression of tumour. The median duration of complete remissions was 10 months. Unfortunately, patients who had already been exposed to cisplatin at low doses (20 mg/m2) responded less well, only 2 out of 9 (22%). Even at this late stage of disease, seven patients showed a good enough response to undergo further surgery and of these three were macroscopically clear of tumour and in two patients multiple biopsy material failed to show residual tumour microscopically.
THE WEEKEND—A DANGEROUS TIME TO BE BORN?
Authors: Hendry Robert A. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryAnalysis of all births occurring in Tayside during the years 1974–1978 inclusive showed that there was a significantly smaller number of births on Sundays than any other day of the week. The babies born on Sundays were more at risk of dying during or after birth. The reasons for this are multiple and difficult to ascertain.
A RIGOROUS COMPARISON OF REAL TIME AND B SCAN CEPHALOMETRY
Authors: Davies Peter , Richardson R. E. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryReal time cephalometry has been compared with B scan cephalometry by a rigorous method with complete partition of variables. Analysis was by standard analysis of variance techniques. Systematic and random errors between and within observers, machines and days have been evaluated. The largest systematic error has been shown to be between machines. This is due to failure to align the beam precisely at right angles to the mid‐line of the fetal head using B scanners. Real time scanners with bar calipers are, therefore, superior to B scanners for cephalometry. There is a lesser difference between observers. An additional element of variability arises when measurements are made on different days but this is smaller than other sources of variation and smaller than the random variation. Random errors are described by a standard deviation of 1 mm and systematic errors are all numerically smaller than this.
MATERNAL SERUM LEVELS OF SEX STEROID‐BINDING PROTEIN DURING PREGNANCY
Authors: Uriel José , Dupiers Michelle , Rimbaut Christiane , Buffe Demise 
Published: August 2005

SummarySerum concentrations of sex steroid‐binding protein (SBP) were measured by an immunodiffusion technique in a total of 133 samples from 70 healthy pregnant women, 18 puerperal women and 21 non‐pregnant women. In 6 individuals, trends of serum SBP were established from multiple samples taken throughout pregnancy. Maternal serum SBP levels had increased significantly above base line values as early as by 10 weeks gestation, and attained a plateau between 25 and 30 weeks, at which time mean values were about 10‐fold higher than the normal non‐pregnant range, the levels then declined slightly twoards term. Parallel measurements of dihydrotestosterone‐binding capacity of SBP showed a good correlation between SBP content and biological activity. Six abnormal pregnancies were encountered in the present study, and in five of them the molar ratios of bound hormone to SBP concentration were much lower than the normal value, suggesting a reduced binding capacity of the protein for the hormone.
M‐MODE ULTRASONIC ASSESSMENT OF FETAL CARDIOVASCULAR DYNAMICS
Authors: Wladimiroff J. W. , McGhie J. S. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA combined two‐dimensional real‐time and M‐mode technique for measuring fetal right and left ventricular cardiac geometry and function is presented. From 64 normal women studied between 27 and 41 weeks gestation, 53 technically acceptable recordings showed a significant increase in left and right ventricular size. Both ventricles are geometrically and functionally uniform. Mean velocity of blood flow in the fetal descending aorta as measured by pulsed Doppler ultrasound showed no relation to mean velocity of fractional shortening of both cardiac ventricles.
OESOPHAGEAL STRICTURE DUE TO REFLUX OESOPHAGITIS IN PREGNANCY
Authors: Swinhoe June R. , Cochrane G. W. , Wishart R. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA patient with persistent vomiting in pregnancy due to oesophageal stricture secondary to reflux oesophagitis is reported. Reflux oesophagitis is common during pregnancy but usually responds to small frequent meals, the avoidance of certain positions and simple antacid therapy. Where symptoms are persistent and become worse in late pregnancy we suggest that more energetic therapy in the form of cimetidine or alginate antacid mixture (Gaviscon) should be considered to prevent oesophageal stricture formation.
PLASMA ADRENALINE, NORADRENALINE AND DOPAMINE IN PREGNANCY HYPERTENSION
Authors: Davey D. A. , Macnab M. F. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe resting plasma adrenaline, noradrenaline and dopamine were measured in nine hypertensive women and seven normotensive women in the third trimester of pregnancy on two successive days. The mean plasma adrenaline concentrations on the two days in the hypertensive women (442 and 298 pg/ml) were significantly higher than in the normotensive women (43·9 and 61·6 pg/ml). The mean plasma noradrenaline concentrations in the hypertensive women (232 and 274 pg/ml) were higher than in the normotensive women (48 and 110 pg/ml) and the difference was significant on Day 1 but not Day 2. The mean plasma dopamine concentrations in the hypertensive women (98·6 and 62·1 pg/ml) were higher than in the normotensive women (23·2 and 26·0 pg/ml) and the difference was significant on Day 1 but not Day 2. The plasma adrenaline/noradrenaline ratios were significantly increased in the hypertensive compared with the normotensive women on both days. It is suggested that sympathetic nervous system activity may be increased in some women with hypertension in pregnancy.
INSULIN‐INDUCED HYPOGLYCAEMIA IN DIABETIC WOMEN DURING LATE PREGNANCY AND ONE YEAR POST PARTUM
Authors: Stangenberg M. , Persson B. , Fredholm B. B. , Lindblad B. S. , Stånce L. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryInsulin (0·1 IU/kg) later followed by glucose was injected intravenously in nine diabetic women in the supine position both during pregnancy and one year post partum. C‐peptide was present in five subjects, indicating some residual (β‐cell function. Their mean basal C‐peptide level, before insulin, was twice as high in the pregnant as in the non‐pregnant state. C‐peptidedecreasedprogressivelyafterinsulin. The mean basal plasma glucose level was lower during pregnancy (4·8 mmol/l) than after it (9·6 mmol/l), but decreased to the same level (2·2 mmol/l) after insulin. The rate of fall in glucose was thus lower during pregnancy (kt= 2·54) than after (kt= 4·08), but was unrelated to the basal glucose levels. Basal levels of free fatty acids (FFA), 3‐hydroxybutyrate (3‐HB), cyclic AMP, and lactate were similar, while glycerol was lower during pregnancy. Insulin‐induced changes in FFA, glycerol, 3‐HB, cyclic AMP, and lactate were similar during and after pregnancy. Plasma amino acid concentrations were generally lower in pregnancy, significantly so only for arginine and glycine. Amino acid levels were unaffected by insulin in pregnancy, whereas leucine, isoleucine and tyrosine decreased significantly in the non‐pregnant state. We conclude that there are differences in metabolic responses to insulin in diabetic women during and after pregnancy, indicating a decreased sensitivity to insulin during pregnancy in some tissues.