bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A global analysis of how human infrastructure squeezes sandy coasts
Authors: Lansu Eva M. , Reijers Valérie C. , Höfer Solveig , Luijendijk Arjen , Rietkerk Max , Wassen Martin J. , Lammerts Evert Jan , van der Heide Tjisse 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCoastal ecosystems provide vital services, but human disturbance causes massive losses. Remaining ecosystems are squeezed between rising seas and human infrastructure development. While shoreline retreat is intensively studied, coastal congestion through infrastructure remains unquantified. Here we analyse 235,469 transects worldwide to show that infrastructure occurs at a median distance of 392 meter from sandy shorelines. Moreover, we find that 33% of sandy shores harbour less than 100 m of infrastructure-free space, and that 23–30% of this space may be lost by 2100 due to rising sea levels. Further analyses show that population density and gross domestic product explain 35–39% of observed squeeze variation, emphasizing the intensifying pressure imposed as countries develop and populations grow. Encouragingly, we find that nature reserves relieve squeezing by 4–7 times. Yet, at present only 16% of world’s sandy shores have a protected status. We therefore advocate the incorporation of nature protection into spatial planning policies.
Disparate macrophage responses are linked to infection outcome of Hantan virus in humans or rodents
Authors: Ma Hongwei , Yang Yongheng , Nie Tiejian , Yan Rong , Si Yue , Wei Jing , Li Mengyun , Liu He , Ye Wei , Zhang Hui , Cheng Linfeng , Zhang Liang , Lv Xin , Luo Limin , Xu Zhikai , Zhang Xijing , Lei Yingfeng , Zhang Fanglin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHantaan virus (HTNV) is asymptomatically carried by rodents, yet causes lethal hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in humans, the underlying mechanisms of which remain to be elucidated. Here, we show that differential macrophage responses may determine disparate infection outcomes. In mice, late-phase inactivation of inflammatory macrophage prevents cytokine storm syndrome that usually occurs in HTNV-infected patients. This is attained by elaborate crosstalk between Notch and NF-κB pathways. Mechanistically, Notch receptors activated by HTNV enhance NF-κB signaling by recruiting IKKβ and p65, promoting inflammatory macrophage polarization in both species. However, in mice rather than humans, Notch-mediated inflammation is timely restrained by a series of murine-specific long noncoding RNAs transcribed by the Notch pathway in a negative feedback manner. Among them, the lnc-ip65 detaches p65 from the Notch receptor and inhibits p65 phosphorylation, rewiring macrophages from the pro-inflammation to the pro-resolution phenotype. Genetic ablation of lnc-ip65 leads to destructive HTNV infection in mice. Thus, our findings reveal an immune-braking function of murine noncoding RNAs, offering a special therapeutic strategy for HTNV infection.
Defining the biogeographical map and potential bacterial translocation of microbiome in human ‘surface organs’
Authors: She Jun-Jun , Liu Wei-Xin , Ding Xiao-Ming , Guo Gang , Han Jing , Shi Fei-Yu , Lau Harry Cheuk-Hay , Ding Chen-Guang , Xue Wu-Jun , Shi Wen , Liu Gai-Xia , Zhang Zhe , Hu Chen-Hao , Chen Yinnan , Wong Chi Chun , Yu Jun 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe microbiome in a specific human organ has been well-studied, but few reports have investigated the multi-organ microbiome as a whole. Here, we aim to analyse the intra-individual inter-organ and intra-organ microbiome in deceased humans. We collected 1608 samples from 53 sites of 7 surface organs (oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, appendix, large intestine and skin; n = 33 subjects) and performed microbiome profiling, including 16S full-length sequencing. Microbial diversity varied dramatically among organs, and core microbial species co-existed in different intra-individual organs. We deciphered microbial changes across distinct intra-organ sites, and identified signature microbes, their functional traits, and interactions specific to each site. We revealed significant microbial heterogeneity between paired mucosa-lumen samples of stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. Finally, we established the landscape of inter-organ relationships of microbes along the digestive tract. Therefore, we generate a catalogue of bacterial composition, diversity, interaction, functional traits, and bacterial translocation in human at inter-organ and intra-organ levels.
Elevated genetic risk for multiple sclerosis emerged in steppe pastoralist populations
Authors: Barrie William , Yang Yaoling , Irving-Pease Evan K. , Attfield Kathrine E. , Scorrano Gabriele , Jensen Lise Torp , Armen Angelos P. , Dimopoulos Evangelos Antonios , Stern Aaron , Refoyo-Martinez Alba , Pearson Alice , Ramsøe Abigail , Gaunitz Charleen , Demeter Fabrice , Jørkov Marie Louise S. , Møller Stig Bermann , Springborg Bente , Klassen Lutz , Hyldgård Inger Marie , Wickmann Niels , Vinner Lasse , Korneliussen Thorfinn Sand , Allentoft Morten E. , Sikora Martin , Kristiansen Kristian , Rodriguez Santiago , Nielsen Rasmus , Iversen Astrid K. N. , Lawson Daniel J. , Fugger Lars , Willerslev Eske 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a neuro-inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease that is most prevalent in Northern Europe. Although it is known that inherited risk for MS is located within or in close proximity to immune-related genes, it is unknown when, where and how this genetic risk originated1. Here, by using a large ancient genome dataset from the Mesolithic period to the Bronze Age2, along with new Medieval and post-Medieval genomes, we show that the genetic risk for MS rose among pastoralists from the Pontic steppe and was brought into Europe by the Yamnaya-related migration approximately 5,000 years ago. We further show that these MS-associated immunogenetic variants underwent positive selection both within the steppe population and later in Europe, probably driven by pathogenic challenges coinciding with changes in diet, lifestyle and population density. This study highlights the critical importance of the Neolithic period and Bronze Age as determinants of modern immune responses and their subsequent effect on the risk of developing MS in a changing environment.
Evidence of human influence on Northern Hemisphere snow loss
Authors: Gottlieb Alexander R. , Mankin Justin S. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDocumenting the rate, magnitude and causes of snow loss is essential to benchmark the pace of climate change and to manage the differential water security risks of snowpack declines1–4. So far, however, observational uncertainties in snow mass5,6 have made the detection and attribution of human-forced snow losses elusive, undermining societal preparedness. Here we show that human-caused warming has caused declines in Northern Hemisphere-scale March snowpack over the 1981–2020 period. Using an ensemble of snowpack reconstructions, we identify robust snow trends in 82 out of 169 major Northern Hemisphere river basins, 31 of which we can confidently attribute to human influence. Most crucially, we show a generalizable and highly nonlinear temperature sensitivity of snowpack, in which snow becomes marginally more sensitive to one degree Celsius of warming as climatological winter temperatures exceed minus eight degrees Celsius. Such nonlinearity explains the lack of widespread snow loss so far and augurs much sharper declines and water security risks in the most populous basins. Together, our results emphasize that human-forced snow losses and their water consequences are attributable—even absent their clear detection in individual snow products—and will accelerate and homogenize with near-term warming, posing risks to water resources in the absence of substantial climate mitigation.
Operando probing of the surface chemistry during the Haber–Bosch process
Authors: Goodwin Christopher M. , Lömker Patrick , Degerman David , Davies Bernadette , Shipilin Mikhail , Garcia-Martinez Fernando , Koroidov Sergey , Katja Mathiesen Jette , Rameshan Raffael , Rodrigues Gabriel L. S. , Schlueter Christoph , Amann Peter , Nilsson Anders 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe large-scale conversion of N2and H2into NH3(refs. 1,2) over Fe and Ru catalysts3for fertilizer production occurs through the Haber–Bosch process, which has been considered the most important scientific invention of the twentieth century4. The active component of the catalyst enabling the conversion was variously considered to be the oxide5, nitride2, metallic phase or surface nitride6, and the rate-limiting step has been associated with N2dissociation7–9, reaction of the adsorbed nitrogen10and also NH3desorption11. This range of views reflects that the Haber–Bosch process operates at high temperatures and pressures, whereas surface-sensitive techniques that might differentiate between different mechanistic proposals require vacuum conditions. Mechanistic studies have accordingly long been limited to theoretical calculations12. Here we use X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy—capable of revealing the chemical state of catalytic surfaces and recently adapted to operando investigations13of methanol14and Fischer–Tropsch synthesis15—to determine the surface composition of Fe and Ru catalysts during NH3production at pressures up to 1 bar and temperatures as high as 723 K. We find that, although flat and stepped Fe surfaces and Ru single-crystal surfaces all remain metallic, the latter are almost adsorbate free, whereas Fe catalysts retain a small amount of adsorbed N and develop at lower temperatures high amine (NHx) coverages on the stepped surfaces. These observations indicate that the rate-limiting step on Ru is always N2dissociation. On Fe catalysts, by contrast and as predicted by theory16, hydrogenation of adsorbed N atoms is less efficient to the extent that the rate-limiting step switches following temperature lowering from N2dissociation to the hydrogenation of surface species.
100 ancient genomes show repeated population turnovers in Neolithic Denmark
Authors: Allentoft Morten E. , Sikora Martin , Fischer Anders , Sjögren Karl-Göran , Ingason Andrés , Macleod Ruairidh , Rosengren Anders , Schulz Paulsson Bettina , Jørkov Marie Louise Schjellerup , Novosolov Maria , Stenderup Jesper , Price T. Douglas , Fischer Mortensen Morten , Nielsen Anne Birgitte , Ulfeldt Hede Mikkel , Sørensen Lasse , Nielsen Poul Otto , Rasmussen Peter , Jensen Theis Zetner Trolle , Refoyo-Martínez Alba , Irving-Pease Evan K. , Barrie William , Pearson Alice , Sousa da Mota Bárbara , Demeter Fabrice , Henriksen Rasmus A. , Vimala Tharsika , McColl Hugh , Vaughn Andrew , Vinner Lasse , Renaud Gabriel , Stern Aaron , Johannsen Niels Nørkjær , Ramsøe Abigail Daisy , Schork Andrew Joseph , Ruter Anthony , Gotfredsen Anne Birgitte , Henning Nielsen Bjarne , Brinch Petersen Erik , Kannegaard Esben , Hansen Jesper , Buck Pedersen Kristoffer , Pedersen Lisbeth , Klassen Lutz , Meldgaard Morten , Johansen Morten , Uldum Otto Christian , Lotz Per , Lysdahl Per , Bangsgaard Pernille , Petersen Peter Vang , Maring Rikke , Iversen Rune , Wåhlin Sidsel , Anker Sørensen Søren , Andersen Søren H. , Jørgensen Thomas , Lynnerup Niels , Lawson Daniel J. , Rasmussen Simon , Korneliussen Thorfinn Sand , Kjær Kurt H. , Durbin Richard , Nielsen Rasmus , Delaneau Olivier , Werge Thomas , Kristiansen Kristian , Willerslev Eske 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMajor migration events in Holocene Eurasia have been characterized genetically at broad regional scales1–4. However, insights into the population dynamics in the contact zones are hampered by a lack of ancient genomic data sampled at high spatiotemporal resolution5–7. Here, to address this, we analysed shotgun-sequenced genomes from 100 skeletons spanning 7,300 years of the Mesolithic period, Neolithic period and Early Bronze Age in Denmark and integrated these with proxies for diet (13C and 15N content), mobility (87Sr/86Sr ratio) and vegetation cover (pollen). We observe that Danish Mesolithic individuals of the Maglemose, Kongemose and Ertebølle cultures form a distinct genetic cluster related to other Western European hunter-gatherers. Despite shifts in material culture they displayed genetic homogeneity from around 10,500 to 5,900 calibrated years before present, when Neolithic farmers with Anatolian-derived ancestry arrived. Although the Neolithic transition was delayed by more than a millennium relative to Central Europe, it was very abrupt and resulted in a population turnover with limited genetic contribution from local hunter-gatherers. The succeeding Neolithic population, associated with the Funnel Beaker culture, persisted for only about 1,000 years before immigrants with eastern Steppe-derived ancestry arrived. This second and equally rapid population replacement gave rise to the Single Grave culture with an ancestry profile more similar to present-day Danes. In our multiproxy dataset, these major demographic events are manifested as parallel shifts in genotype, phenotype, diet and land use.
MRE11 liberates cGAS from nucleosome sequestration during tumorigenesis
Authors: Cho Min-Guk , Kumar Rashmi J. , Lin Chien-Chu , Boyer Joshua A. , Shahir Jamshaid A. , Fagan-Solis Katerina , Simpson Dennis A. , Fan Cheng , Foster Christine E. , Goddard Anna M. , Lerner Lynn M. , Ellington Simon W. , Wang Qinhong , Wang Ying , Ho Alice Y. , Liu Pengda , Perou Charles M. , Zhang Qi , McGinty Robert K. , Purvis Jeremy E. , Gupta Gaorav P. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractOncogene-induced replication stress generates endogenous DNA damage that activates cGAS–STING-mediated signalling and tumour suppression1–3. However, the precise mechanism of cGAS activation by endogenous DNA damage remains enigmatic, particularly given that high-affinity histone acidic patch (AP) binding constitutively inhibits cGAS by sterically hindering its activation by double-stranded DNA (dsDNA)4–10. Here we report that the DNA double-strand break sensor MRE11 suppresses mammary tumorigenesis through a pivotal role in regulating cGAS activation. We demonstrate that binding of the MRE11–RAD50–NBN complex to nucleosome fragments is necessary to displace cGAS from acidic-patch-mediated sequestration, which enables its mobilization and activation by dsDNA. MRE11 is therefore essential for cGAS activation in response to oncogenic stress, cytosolic dsDNA and ionizing radiation. Furthermore, MRE11-dependent cGAS activation promotes ZBP1–RIPK3–MLKL-mediated necroptosis, which is essential to suppress oncogenic proliferation and breast tumorigenesis. Notably, downregulation of ZBP1 in human triple-negative breast cancer is associated with increased genome instability, immune suppression and poor patient prognosis. These findings establish MRE11 as a crucial mediator that links DNA damage and cGAS activation, resulting in tumour suppression through ZBP1-dependent necroptosis.
An application of artificial neural network (ANN) for comparative performance assessment of solar chimney (SC) plant for green energy production
Authors: Mandal Dipak Kumar , Biswas Nirmalendu , Manna Nirmal K. , Gayen Dilip Kumar , Benim Ali Cemal 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis study aims to optimize the power generation of a conventional Manzanares solar chimney (SC) plant through strategic modifications to the collector inlet height, chimney diameter, and chimney divergence. Employing a finite volume-based solver for numerical analysis, we systematically scrutinize influential geometric parameters, including collector height (hi = 1.85 to 0.1 m), chimney inlet diameter (dch = 10.16 to 55.88 m), and chimney outlet diameter (do = 10.16 to 30.48 m). Our findings demonstrate that reducing the collector inlet height consistently leads to increased power output. The optimal collector inlet height of hi = 0.2 m results in a significant power increase from 51 to 117.42 kW (~ 2.3 times) without additional installation costs, accompanied by an efficiency of 0.25%. Conversely, enlarging the chimney diameter decreases the chimney base velocity and suction pressure. However, as turbine-driven power generation rises, the flow becomes stagnant beyond a chimney diameter of 45.72 m. At this point, power generation reaches 209 kW, nearly four times greater than the Manzanares plant, with an efficiency of 0.44%. Nevertheless, the cost of expanding the chimney diameter is substantial. Furthermore, the impact of chimney divergence is evident, with power generation, collector efficiency, overall efficiency, and collector inlet velocity all peaking at an outer chimney diameter of 15.24 m (corresponding to an area ratio of 2.25). At this configuration, power generation increases to 75.91 kW, approximately 1.5 times more than the initial design. Remarkably, at a low collector inlet height of 0.2 m, combining it with a chimney diameter of 4.5 times the chimney inlet diameter (4.5dch) results in an impressive power output of 635.02 kW, signifying a substantial 12.45-fold increase. To model the performance under these diverse conditions, an artificial neural network (ANN) is effectively utilized.
Quantitative mRNA expression measurement at home
Authors: Pandey Sonalisa , McCoy Sara Safa , Stobdan Tsering , Sahoo Debashis 
Published: January 2024

AbstractmRNA measurement is dominated by RT-PCR, which requires expensive laboratory equipment and personnel with advanced degrees. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is a versatile technique for detecting target DNA and RNA. The sensitivity of LAMP in early reports has been below that of the standard RT-PCR tests. Here, we report the use of a fluorescence-based RT-LAMP protocol to measure CDX2 expression patterns, which match extremely well to the standards of sophisticated RT-PCR techniques (r = 0.99, p < 0.001). The assay works on diverse sample types such as cDNA, mRNA, and direct tissue sample testing in 25 min compared to more than 3 h for RT-PCR. We have developed a new protocol for designing RT-LAMP primers that reduce false positives due to self-amplification and improve quantification. A simple device with a 3D-printed box enables the measurement of mRNA expression at home, outdoors, and point-of-care setting.
Preliminary psychometric properties of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the emotional outburst questionnaire
Authors: Teixeira Maria Cristina Triguero Veloz , Tafla Tally Lichtensztejn , Lowenthal Rosane , Paula Cristiane Silvestre , Balbueno Bianca , Mevorach Carmel , Chung Justin Cheuk Yin , Woodcock Kate Anne 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis study focuses on the cross-cultural adaptation of the Emotional Outburst Questionnaire (EOQ) to Brazilian Portuguese and preliminarily assesses its predictive validity. The EOQ evaluates aspects of emotional outbursts (EO), including frequency, duration, intensity, types, associated behaviours, recovery time, triggers, and effectiveness of calming strategies. Two independent translators performed the translation, with subsequent synthesis and analysis revealing that only 33 items (24.81%) required revision. Among these, one item needed partial modification, and two needed total modification. The study demonstrated strong content validity and adaptation in terms of conceptual, idiomatic, and semantic aspects. The EOQ's predictive validity was assessed by analysing the interruption of mental health services in Brazil due to Covid-19 (T1) compared to when services resumed after social distancing measures were lifted (T2). Parents of 25 individuals with developmental disabilities (ASD, DS and ID), with a mean of 11 y/o, mostly male (76%), completed the EOQ. Service interruption during T1 led to increased frequency and duration of severe emotional outbursts reported by caregivers compared to T2 (frequency: p < .001; duration: p = 0.05). This suggests that the EOQ exhibits predictive validity and sensitivity to changes influenced by individual contexts. These findings highlight the EOQ's potential as an outcome measure for intervention development.
A comparison of visual and acoustic mismatch negativity as potential biomarkers in schizophrenia
Authors: Molnár Hajnalka , Marosi Csilla , Becske Melinda , Békési Emese , Farkas Kinga , Stefanics Gábor , Czigler István , Csukly Gábor 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMismatch negativity (MMN) is an event-related potential (ERP) component generated when an unexpected deviant stimulus occurs in a pattern of standard stimuli. Several studies showed that the MMN response to both auditory and visual stimuli is attenuated in schizophrenia. While previous studies investigated auditory and visual MMN in different cohorts, here we examined the potential clinical utility of MMN responses to auditory and visual stimuli within the same group of patients. Altogether 39 patients with schizophrenia and 39 healthy controls matched in age, gender, and education were enrolled. We recorded EEG using 64 channels in eight experimental blocks where we presented auditory and visual stimulus sequences. Mismatch responses were obtained by subtracting responses to standard from the physically identical deviant stimuli. We found a significant MMN response to the acoustic stimuli in the control group, whereas no significant mismatch response was observed in the patient group. The group difference was significant for the acoustic stimuli. The 12 vane windmill pattern evoked a significant MMN response in the early time window in the control group but not in the patient group. The 6 vane windmill pattern evoked MMN only in the patient group. However, we found no significant difference between the groups. Furthermore, we found no correlation between the clinical variables and the MMN amplitudes. Our results suggest that predictive processes underlying mismatch generation in patients with schizophrenia may be more affected in the acoustic compared to the visual domain. Acoustic MMN tends to be a more promising biomarker in schizophrenia.
Detecting iodine deficiency risks from dietary transitions using shopping data
Authors: Mansilla Roberto , Long Gavin , Welham Simon , Harvey John , Lukinova Evgeniya , Nica-Avram Georgiana , Smith Gavin , Salt David , Smith Andrew , Goulding James 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPlant-based product replacements are gaining popularity. However, the long-term health implications remain poorly understood, and available methods, though accurate, are expensive and burdensome, impeding the study of sufficiently large cohorts. To identify dietary transitions over time, we examine anonymised loyalty-card shopping records from Co-op Food, UK. We focus on 10,626 frequent customers who directly replaced milk with alternative milk. We then use product nutritional information to estimate weekly nutrient intake before and after the transition. 83% who converted to alternative milk saw a fall in iodine (44%), calcium (30%) and vitamin B12 (39%) consumption, with 57% reducing iodine purchase by more than 50%. The decline is even higher for those switching dairy and meat products. Our findings suggest that dietary transitions - such as replacing milk with alternative milk - could lead to nutritional deficiencies, notably iodine, which, if not addressed, may represent a significant public health concern, particularly in countries which do not mandate salt iodisation.