bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of irrigation and sowing date on crop yield and yield components of Kabuli chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in a cool-temperate subhumid climate
Authors: ANWAR M. RAJIN , McKENZIE B. A. , HILL G. D. 
Published: March 2004

The canopy development, radiation absorption and its utilization for biomass production in response to irrigation at different growth stages of three Kabuli chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivars was studied on a Wakanui silt loam soil in Canterbury, New Zealand (43°38S, 172°30E). The study also aimed at quantifying the yield potential of the crop under varying irrigation regimes and sowing dates. Green area duration (GAD), intercepted radiation (Fi), radiation use efficiency (U) and total intercepted PAR were significantly (P<0·001) increased by irrigation. Total dry matter (TDM) yield was more strongly correlated (R2=0·69–0·83) with GAD than seed yield (R2=0·60–0·69). Accumulation of TDM was highly related to intercepted PAR. Fully irrigated November-sown crops had a final U of 1·46 g DM/MJ PAR. The unirrigated crop had a U of only 0·92 g DM/MJ PAR. The U tended to decrease with delayed sowing.Averaged over the 2 years, irrigation increased seed yield by 74–124% and trends were similar for TDM yield. Seed yield was doubled in November-sown chickpeas (4·6 t/ha) and cv. Sanford produced 14 and 16% more seed than cvs Dwelley and B-90 respectively. Full irrigation from emergence to physiological maturity always gave the highest seed yield (>4·7 t/ha), and there was no indication of a critical period of sensitivity to water stress. Based on results collected in the first growing season a simple model relating seed yield to radiation interception, U and HI was made. Results from the second growing season were then used as a simple verification to test the accuracy of predictions. The results suggest that these varieties have the potential to yield more than 4·5 t/ha of seed in Canterbury.
Travel, Sensibility and Gender: The Rhetoric of Female Travel Writing in Sophie Von La Roche's Tagebuch Einer Reise Durch Holland Und England
Authors: Martin Alison E. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThis article queries the traditionally held view that Sophie von La Roche's travel account of England, the Tagebuch einer Reise durch Holland und England (1788), was a purely sentimental, work. It offers a detailed examination of the rhetorical strategies used by La Roche to represent England to a German‐speaking readership and asks how these negotiated their way around notions of female inquiry and sentimentalised ‘female’ modes of writing. It examines first how La Roche used a variety of rhetorical devices, both sentimental and scientific, to locate her account within the shifting modes of representation in use in travel writing at the close of the eighteenth century. It assesses how these relate to her literary construction of herself as a woman travelling, the tensions that this created and the negotiations that this required. Secondly, it assesses the influence on La Roche's work of accounts by other female travellers to England, notably Marie Anne Ficquet du Boccage. Finally, it considers the importance of habitués of La Roche's salon such as Goethe and Georg Forster in influencing her viewing and representation of the foreign in her travelogue on England.
Wilhelm Meisters Mignon und Die Ambivalenz der Autorschaft
Authors: Horstkotte Silke 
Published: March 2004

AbstractDie zentrale Funktion der androgynen Mignon für die poetische Struktur von Wilhelm Meisters Lehrjahre ist in der Deutungstradition dieses Textes fest verankert. Doch ist Mignon zumeist als geschlechtsneutrale Geniusgestalt interpretiert worden. Dagegen wurde die ambivalente und zwitterhafte Sexualität der Figur gerade in solchen Studien, die sich mit der poetologischen Dimension des Romans auseinandersetzen, bisher nicht genügend beachtet. Dabei steht die problematische Sexualität Mignons jedoch in einem konzeptionellen Zusammenhang mit Fragen der Autorschaft, die nicht nur den Protagonisten Wilhelm betreffen, sondern die in der Literatur um 1800 insgesamt virulent sind.Führt Wilhelms Weg zum Theater einerseits über die Literarisierung der rätselhaften Mignon, so macht deren androgynes Zwitterwesen, das die hermeneutische Ausdeutung der Figur erheblich erschwert, Wilhelms Künstlertum andererseits zunehmend problematisch. Daraus ergeben sich Konsequenzen für unser Verständnis von Goethes, Wilhelms und der männlichen Autorschaft Ende des 18. Jahrhunderts. Das Verschwinden des Autors aus dem Text zeigt sich in Wilhelms Unfähigkeit, die Bedeutung der Chiffre ‘Mignon’ zu kontrollieren. Seine Ablehnung der Theaterlaufbahn in den Lehrjahren verrät ein ambivalentes Verhältnis zu Künstlertum und Autorschaft. Der Bildungsweg Wilhelms verläuft somit keineswegs positiv, sondern ist Zeichen von Resignation über die künstlerische Laufbahn. Deutlich führt dieser Weg in die Vereinsamung und ‘Entsagung’ der Wanderjahre.
Schreiblegitimationen und ‐Strategien in Annette Von Droste‐Hülshoffs Dichtergedichten und Ihrem Versepos Des Arztes Vermächtnis
Authors: Arnold‐de Simine Silke 
Published: March 2004

AbstractSowohl in ihren Dichtergedichten als auch in ihrem Versepos Des Arztes Vermächtnis reflektiert Droste auf die Legitimation und Autorität des lyrischen Ichs sowie des Ich‐Erzählers. Im Mittelpunkt steht die Frage, was es ihnen ermöglicht, die Stimme zu erheben und womit sie dieses rechtfertigen. Dabei setzt sich Droste sowohl mit geschlechts‐ als auch schichtspezifischen Zuschreibungen auseinander und versucht, die Legitimation des schreibenden und erzählenden Ichs aus dessen sozialer Rolle abzuleiten. Während das lyrische Ich sich als Märtyrer und Heiler inszeniert und damit auf die familiären und gesellschaftlichen Erwartungen gegenüber einem unverheirateten, katholischen Adelsfräulein rekurriert, zeigt das Versepos, dass der Arzt sich nur dadurch der Erzählerrolle bemächtigen kann, indem er die Frau, deren Leben und Tod den Kern seiner Erzählung bilden, im kreativen Schöpfungsprozess ein zweites Mal auslöscht, indem er ihre Geschichte verhüllt und zu seiner Geschichte umschreibt.
Schillers Trauerspiel Karl Der Erste, König von England : Ein Jeu D’esprit von William Makepeace Thackeray
Authors: Guthke Karl S. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractEs wird eine Trouvaille mitgeteilt, die Thackeray in spielerischem Geplänkel mit Schiller zeigt: Thackerays vorgebliche Übersetzung der Schlußszene eines vorgeblichen Trauerspiels von Schiller über Leben und Tod Charles’ I. Wie der Geschichtsdramatiker Schiller so oft, schreibt auch Thackeray im Namen Schillers die verbürgte Historie originell um und leistet damit einen amüsanten Beitrag zum Genre der Comical History of Britain.
Caligari Revisited: Circles, Cycles and Counter‐Revolution in Robert Wiene's Das Cabinet Des Dr. Caligari
Authors: Roberts Ian 
Published: March 2004

AbstractFor a decade the cinema industry of the Weimar Republic dominated European cinema, and seriously challenged Hollywood for pre‐eminence. Perhaps best known of all Weimar films was the visually unique Das Cabinet des Dr. Caligari (Robert Wiene, 1920). This Expressionist work, however, has long been considered a triumph of form over content. Many still subscribe to the theory, first proposed by the film's screenwriters and enthusiastically echoed by Siegfried Kracauer in From Caligari to Hitler (1947), that Wiene's directorial interference emasculated the film's anti‐authoritarian plot.Since a copy of the original script came to light some critics have begun to overturn the prevailing reading and have identified the chilling nature of the ending furnished by Wiene. But even these have concentrated on the most obviously Expressionist elements in the film, ignoring Wiene's consistent use of circular motifs to highlight the cyclical, counter‐revolutionary nature of history. Against a backdrop of street‐fighting, short‐lived uprisings and brutal repression in the young democracy, if these elements are taken into account, the film's emphasis on the cyclical demands a reassessment of its conclusion to demonstrate that Das Cabinet des Dr. Caligari in fact delivers both in style and substance.
‘Zwittertrank’: Epigonendiskurse Im 19. Jahrhundert und in Der Postmoderne
Authors: Hahn Marcus 
Published: March 2004

AbstractDie Diskurse über Epigonen – die elenden Söhne der Klassik, unselbständig, überreflektiert und zitierselig – und die Historisierung von Literatur bedingen einander. Der Aufsatz rekonstruiert die Formation des Epigonendiskurses in Deutschland um 1835 aus dem Zusammentreffen der philosophischen Ästhetik Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegels, der Literaturgeschichtsschreibung Georg Gottfried Gervinus’ und Karl Immermanns Roman Die Epigonen. Daraus entsteht ein heterogenes Gemisch, ein – wie es in den Epigonen heißt –‘Zwittertrank’ aus Literatur und Historiographie, der die ästhetische und historische Selbstreflexion des 19. Jahrhunderts beherrscht. Die Debatte wird zum einen anhand von Texten zeitgenössischer Literaturhistoriker skizziert, anschließend werden die ambivalenten Reaktionen Franz Grillparzers, Carl Spittelers und Friedrich Nietzsches auf dieses Diskursmodell nachgezeichnet. Der Aufsatz verfolgt zum anderen die konzeptuellen und rhetorischen Analogien zwischen dem deutschen Epigonendiskurs und der internationalen Postmoderne‐Diskussion seit 1945. Die paradoxe Bestimmung der ‘Postmoderne’ als Nicht‐Epoche – bei den Posthistoire‐Theoretikern Henri de Man und Arnold Gehlen, in der amerikanischen Literaturwissenschaft um 1960 und vor allem in den Arbeiten Jean‐François Lyotards – zeugt genauso von der Auflösung des Bedingungsverhältnisses zwischen Geschichte und Epigonen wie von der weiter bestehenden kulturökonomischen Notwendigkeit, unter den Bedingungen einer verschärften Diskurs‐ und Medienkonkurrenz ‘Originalität’ zu reklamieren.
Virtual Memory in Günter Grass's Im Krebsgang
Authors: Veel Kristin 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThis essay is concerned with the significance of the references to the internet in Grass's recent novella Im Krebsgang. It examines recent public statements by Grass, including his Nobel Prize lecture of 1999, in order to expound the issues raised in Im Krebsgang. It distinguishes between the different types of commemoration exemplified by the main characters in the work (the narrator who was born on the night of the sinking of the Wilhelm Gustloff in the Baltic in 1945, his mother Tulla Pokriefke who is a familiar figure from earlier narratives by Grass, and his son Konny who sets up a website commemorating the historical figure of Gustloff in a neo‐Nazi spirit). It explains the disjointed (crab‐like) character of the narrative as a means of maintaining openness in relation to both past and future, and it brings out the sense in which this mode of narration subverts the blurring of the real and the imaginary which Grass shows to be an inherent danger of cyberspace culture. The essay thus concludes that Grass is enacting a difference between the ethically neutral spatial freedom of the internet and the ethically coherent space of literary narrative.
The Abandoned Victim: Cosmology and History in Christoph Ransmayr and Anselm Kiefer
Authors: Naqvi Fatima 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThis article discusses the role of victimhood in Christoph Ransmayr's apocalyptic œuvre. It draws on Ransmayr's essay on Anselm Kiefer, ‘Der Ungeborene’ (2001), and on a seminal early text, Strahlender Untergang (1982), to do so. Strahlender Untergang, in particular, considers man's double status as victimiser of his surroundings and as victim of a malevolent universe. The dialectic which man's instrumental rationality engenders is ultimately sublated in a victim myth of cosmic proportions: mankind cannot counter the entropic, destructive forces already at work in the universe. As death becomes the ultimate signifier of man's individuality and the only moment which bestows meaning on life, all historicity is erased. The text exculpates humanity from guilt for its destructive ways and envisions redemption through mystical wholeness.
Neuroimmunological parameters in panic disorder
Authors: van Duinen M. A. , Schruers K. R. J. , Griez E. J. L. , Maes M. 
Published: March 2004

Background:The interaction between immune cells, neurotransmitters and the neuroendocrinological systems plays a role in affective disorders, especially depression. Although panic disorder (PD) shares a lot of features with depression, it is clearly a distinct disorder. Reports on immunological parameters in PD don't provide a clear picture of the immunological status of PD patients. This can partly be attributed to methodological differences between studies and small patient groups.Objective:The present study aims to assemble all studies on immunological parameters in PD in order to combine all available data to gain a broader perspective on this matter.Method:PubMed was searched for studies describing immunological parameters in PD patients without comorbid disorders or medication use. All studies had to include a healthy control group and the outcome measures had to be shared by at least one other study.Results:Fourteen articles were found. Although the T-lymphocytic branch and the innate immune system were normal, the B-lymphocytic branch showed some differences between PD patients and healthy controls. B-cell counts were increased in PD patients, which was underlined by increased human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-DR counts and increased immunoglobulin A levels. However, B-cell activity following mitogen stimulation was normal.Conclusions:PD patients show increased B-cell numbers. The finding that B-cell activity is not increased can possibly be attributed to functional exhaustion of these cells. The meaning of this finding remains unclear, although it may be potentially important in affective disorders as the same has been found in depression.
Symptom profiles of natural and laboratory panic attacks
Authors: Schruers K R J , van de Mortel H , Overbeek T , Griez E 
Published: March 2004

Background:Little accurate information is available about the symptomatology of real-life panic attacks and about how well they are reproduced by an experimental model such as the 35% CO2challenge.Method:Real-life panic symptoms were assessed in a group of 67 panic disorder patients, using daily life monitoring. Panic symptoms elicited by a 35% CO2challenge were assessed in 61 panic disorder patients, and their frequency was compared with the real-life symptoms.Results:The most frequent real-life symptoms were palpitations, dizziness and trembling. The 35% CO2challenge reproduced well the majority of real-life symptoms.Conclusion:The findings suggest that the 35% CO2challenge is a marker for spontaneous panic attacks, which are considered the core of panic disorder.
The Frequency and Cost of Corporate Crises1
Authors: Coleman Les 
Published: March 2004

This paper sheds light on the pattern and consequences of crises experienced by corporate Australia during the last decade.Crises are defined here as a single incident or issue with consequences that threaten the organisation's viability; thus, this study observes 55 corporate crises in Australia between 1990 and 2001. Half were operational crises; the prevalence of extortion and product recall made wholesale and retail trade the most crisis‐prone industry. In Australia, over a quarter of companies affected by crisis did not survive.Direct costs typically exceed $10 million, with a quarter costing over $100 million. Because many crises are due to systemic deficiencies in industries or companies, their causes are often apparent (at least in hindsight).
High Reliability and the Management of Critical Infrastructures
Authors: Schulman Paul , Roe Emery , Eeten Michel van , Bruijne Mark de 
Published: March 2004

Organisation theorists and practitioners alike have become greatly interested in high reliability in the management of large hazardous technical systems and society's critical service infrastructures. But much of the reliability analysis is centred in particular organisations that have command and control over their technical cores. Many technical systems, including electricity generation, water, telecommunications and other “critical infrastructures,” are not the exclusive domain of single organisations. Our essay is organised around the following research question: How do organisations, many with competing, if not conflicting goals and interests, provide highly reliable service in the absence of ongoing command and control and in the presence of rapidly changing task environments with highly consequential hazards?We analyse electricity restructuring in California as a specific case. Our conclusions have surprising and important implications both for high reliability theory and for the future management of critical infrastructures organised around large technical systems.
Dementia diagnosis and disclosure: a dilemma in practice
Authors: Monaghan Catherine , Begley Ann 
Published: March 2004

Background.  Providing the individual with the correct information about their diagnosis can help maximize the patient's autonomy, however empirical evidence identifies inconsistencies in the practice of diagnosis disclosure in dementia. Within health care, ethical problems arise frequently and these present a challenge for health care professionals. This challenge can also give rise to conflict when professionals are torn between respecting autonomy, doing good and avoiding paternalism.Aim.  The aim of this paper is to highlight the need for interprofessional collaboration when faced with ethical dilemmas such as diagnosis disclosure in the care of adults with dementia. The use of a dialogue and supplementary notes are used to explore crucial ethical points raised by health care professionals.Relevance to clinical practice.  The increasing rate of dementia and the need for patients to have access to timely and appropriate information about their diagnosis has prompted much debate about disclosing the diagnosis with the individual who has dementia. This paper may also be useful for educational purposes when used as a framework for discussion/debate in student nurse education.Conclusion.  Ethical theories are of benefit in assisting the members of the multidisciplinary team to reach a morally defensible decision. Making ethical decisions in practice can cause the nurse concern. While there is no complete set of ‘rules’ that can provide an answer to each ethical dilemma, it is of immense value to nurses working within the multidisciplinary team to possess a sound knowledge of ethical positions in order to analyse the many complex situations that nurses encounter. The pivotal role of the health care professional is to work in collaboration and engage in sharing the diagnosis with the patient. It is hoped that this paper will stimulate and encourage further debate and study regarding the individual with dementia and diagnosis disclosure. Recommendations for practice, education, policy and research will also be highlighted.
Concerns relating to the application of frameworks to promote person‐centredness in nursing with older people
Authors: Dewing Jan 
Published: March 2004

There is an increasing need to develop a multi‐dimensional discussion and critique around the concept of ‘person‐centred’ in the context of the delivery of nursing care for older people. As the context of nursing being considered here, it is primarily nurses who should be leading with this discourse, although drawing on a broad range of ideas from outside of nursing. The person‐centred movement, commonly believed to originate in the care of those with dementia in the UK, is growing, especially in the UK and Australia, with signs of it moving across parts of Western Europe and North America. Person‐centredness has a big emotional appeal to many nurses working with older people, perhaps because it ‘has the right feel’ for them and nurses believe it ‘feels right’ for older people. It has grabbed the attention of many practising nurses in the UK in a way that humanistic nursing theory and the various associated nursing models from previous decades, seemed to have missed.This paper contributes to the discussion by suggesting that there are conceptual frameworks that nurses can draw on to help them understand and enhance their practice. However, it is suggested that these frameworks are either in their infancy or incomplete and they still need to convince nurses of their utility for day to day practice. It is also pointed out that the underpinning concept of ‘personhood’ has not yet been fully clarified by nursing.
Physiological and molecular basis for ALS inhibitor resistance in Bromus tectorum biotypes
Authors: Park K W , Mallory‐Smith C A 
Published: March 2004

SummaryPrimisulfuron‐resistant (AR and MR) and ‐susceptible (AS and MS) Bromus tectorum biotypes were collected from a Poa pratensis field at Athena, Oregon, and in research plots at Madras, Oregon. Studies were conducted to characterize the resistance of the B. tectorum biotypes. Whole plant bioassay and acetolactate synthase (ALS) enzyme assay revealed that the AR biotype was highly resistant to the sulfonylurea (SU) herbicides, primisulfuron and sulfosulfuron and to a sulfonylaminocarbonyltriazolinone (SCT) herbicide, propoxycarbazone‐sodium. However, the AR biotype was not resistant to imazamox, an imidazolinone (IMI) herbicide. Results of the whole plant bioassay studies showed that the MR biotype was moderately resistant to all ALS inhibitors tested. However, there were no differences in ALS sensitivities between the MR and MS biotypes. The nucleotide and amino acid sequence analysis of the als gene demonstrated a single‐point mutation from C to T, conferring the exchange of the amino acid proline to serine at position 197 in the AR biotype. However, this mutation was not found in the MR biotype. Results of this research indicate that: the resistance of the AR biotype to SU and SCT herbicides is based on an altered target site due to a single‐point mutation; resistance in the MR biotype is not due to a target site mutation.
Variation in allelopathic activity over 100 years of barley selection and breeding
Authors: Bertholdsson N‐O 
Published: March 2004

SummaryBarley (Hordeum vulgare L.) landraces and cultivars from Finland, Sweden, Denmark and the Baltic states, in total 127, were analysed for allelopathic activity against ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). The germplasm covered most of the gene pool used during 100 years of barley breeding. An agar‐based bioassay developed for screening allelopathic activity was used. In the germplasm from all countries a decreasing trend in allelopathic activity was observed with the introduction of new cultivars from 14% for the Swedish to 31% for the Finnish cultivars. In the Finnish, Swedish and Baltic cultivars an increase in root growth was noticed, and changes in root biomass therefore cannot explain the decrease in allelopathy. In fact, the allelopathic activity per milligram root decreased with 32–85%. In contrast, root growth decreased over time in the Danish collection. In the Finnish cultivars both two‐ and six‐row barley cultivars were tested with similar results. Allelopathic activity of barley probably originated from different landraces, and in most cases from a specific landrace from the Swedish island of Gotland. We suspect that more than 100 years of selection and breeding have resulted in a dilution of the genes from landraces and consequently a declining allelopathic activity. In the Swedish collection, two cultivars did not follow the general trend and in both cultivars, several landraces had been combined.