bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mixing time of heterogeneities in a buoyancy-dominated magma ocean
Authors: Thomas B , Samuel H , Farnetani C G , Aubert J , Chauvel C 
Published: November 2023

SUMMARY
During the accretion stage, large impacts provided sufficient energy to melt the entire mantle into a terrestrial magma ocean. Processes occurring in the magma ocean may have led to the formation of heterogeneities still found in modern ocean island basalts. So far, no definitive mechanism exists to explain the survival of early heterogeneities for approximately 4.5 Ga. Addressing this question requires understanding the efficiency of convective mixing during both the early molten and the solid-state stages experienced by the Earth’s mantle. While mixing in the solid mantle and in an essentially crystallized magma ocean has been relatively well documented, the efficiency of convective mixing in a liquid magma ocean has received less attention. In this paper we characterized the mixing efficiency of a convecting fluid in a rotating spherical shell, accounting for inertial effects, by computing finite-time Lyapunov exponents (i.e. the Lagrangian strain rate). We conducted a series of numerical experiments for a regime where the influence of the buoyancy force dominates that of rotation and we derived scaling laws to predict the mixing efficiency. We found that for a terrestrial magma ocean, in its fully liquid state, mixing time is of the order of a few minutes or less, even for initially large (∼1000 km) heterogeneities. Therefore, passive early mantle heterogeneities cannot survive a fully molten magma ocean stage. This suggests that short-lived heterogeneities (e.g. 182Hf−182W) were either created at the end of the accretional stage, or were stored in deeper regions of the Earth.
European plaice movements show evidence of high residency, site fidelity, and feeding around hard substrates within an offshore wind farm
Authors: Buyse Jolien , Reubens Jan , Hostens Kris , Degraer Steven , Goossens Jolien , De Backer Annelies 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Offshore wind farms (OWFs) are expanding rapidly in the North Sea, often creating spatial conflicts with fisheries. Managing such conflicts requires knowledge on the impact of OWFs on the spatial distribution and movement behaviour of fished species. However, such knowledge is still lacking, especially for soft sediment fish such as flatfish, which are vital fisheries resources in the region. Therefore, we used acoustic telemetry to examine the spatial behaviour of European plaice in relation to an OWF and its structures. In a small study area (1.37 km2), we observed high residency for plaice around the turbines and scour protection layer (SPL), which consists of large rocks around the turbine foundation. The fish primarily resided on sandy sediments near the hard substrates, but showed a diurnal pattern of proximity to the turbine, being closer during the day. Considering their trophic ecology, these findings suggest that plaice moves towards the SPL for feeding opportunities on the hard substrate, potentially leading to increased ecological fish production within OWFs. Although most plaice moved away from the OWF in winter, likely towards spawning grounds, many exhibited high site fidelity returning to the study area after the winter migration. OWFs thus offer protection from fishing mortality as “closed” feeding grounds in spring and summer, but not during winter spawning migrations, which may result in spillover effects. These insights should inform local fisheries management in relation to plaice movement within and around OWFs.
Malaria Species Positivity Rates Among Symptomatic Individuals Across Regions of Differing Transmission Intensities in Mainland Tanzania
Authors: Popkin-Hall Zachary R , Seth Misago D , Madebe Rashid A , Budodo Rule , Bakari Catherine , Francis Filbert , Pereus Dativa , Giesbrecht David J , Mandara Celine I , Mbwambo Daniel , Aaron Sijenunu , Lusasi Abdallah , Lazaro Samwel , Bailey Jeffrey A , Juliano Jonathan J , Ishengoma Deus S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Recent data indicate that non-Plasmodium falciparum species may be more prevalent than thought in sub-Saharan Africa. Although Plasmodium malariae, Plasmodium ovale spp., and Plasmodium vivax are less severe than P. falciparum, treatment and control are more challenging, and their geographic distributions are not well characterized.

Methods
We randomly selected 3284 of 12 845 samples collected from cross-sectional surveys in 100 health facilities across 10 regions of Mainland Tanzania and performed quantitative real-time PCR to determine presence and parasitemia of each malaria species.

Results
P. falciparum was most prevalent, but P. malariae and P. ovale were found in all but 1 region, with high levels (&gt;5%) of P. ovale in 7 regions. The highest P. malariae positivity rate was 4.5% in Mara and 8 regions had positivity rates ≥1%. We only detected 3 P. vivax infections, all in Kilimanjaro. While most nonfalciparum malaria-positive samples were coinfected with P. falciparum, 23.6% (n = 13 of 55) of P. malariae and 14.7% (n = 24 of 163) of P. ovale spp. were monoinfections.

Conclusions
P. falciparum remains by far the largest threat, but our data indicate that malaria elimination efforts in Tanzania will require increased surveillance and improved understanding of the biology of nonfalciparum species.
Impact of a sustained, collaborative antimicrobial stewardship programme in spinal cord injury patients
Authors: Perera D , Vogrin S , Khumra S , Motaganahalli S , Batrouney A , Urbancic K , Devchand M , Mitri E , Clements R , Nunn A , Reynolds G , Trubiano J A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
In patients with spinal cord injuries (SCIs), infections continue to be a leading cause of morbidity, mortality and hospital admission.

Objectives
This study evaluated the long-term impact of a weekly, multidisciplinary Spinal/Antimicrobial Stewardship (AMS) meeting for acute-care SCI inpatients, on antimicrobial prescribing over 3 years.

Methods
A retrospective, longitudinal, pre-post comparison of antimicrobial prescribing was conducted at our tertiary hospital in Melbourne. Antimicrobial prescribing was audited in 6 month blocks pre- (25 April 2017 to 24 October 2017), immediately post- (27 March 2018 to 25 September 2018) and 3 years post-implementation (2 March 2021 to 31 August 2021). Antimicrobial orders for patients admitted under the spinal unit at the meeting time were included.

Results
The number of SCI patients prescribed an antimicrobial at the time of the weekly meeting decreased by 40% at 3 years post-implementation [incidence rate ratio (IRR) 0.63; 95% CI 0.51–0.79; P ≤ 0.001]. The overall number of antimicrobial orders decreased by over 22% at 3 years post-implementation (IRR 0.78; 95% CI 0.61–1.00; P = 0.052). A shorter antimicrobial order duration in the 3 year post-implementation period was observed (−28%; 95% CI −39% to −15%; P ≤ 0.001). This was most noticeable in IV orders at 3 years (−36%; 95% CI −51% to −16%; P = 0.001), and was also observed for oral orders at 3 years (−25%; 95% CI −38% to −10%; P = 0.003). Antimicrobial course duration (days) decreased for multiple indications: skin and soft tissue infections (−43%; 95% CI −67% to −1%; P = 0.045), pulmonary infections (−45%; 95% CI −67% to −9%; P = 0.022) and urinary infections (−31%; 95% CI −47% to −9%; P = 0.009). Ninety-day mortality rates were not impacted.

Conclusions
This study showed that consistent, collaborative meetings between the Spinal and AMS teams can reduce antimicrobial exposure for acute-care SCI patients without adversely impacting 90 day mortality.
Evaluation ofLentilactobacillus parafarraginisA6-2 strain for aluminum removal and anti-inflammatory effects: implications for alleviating Al toxicity
Authors: Lee Se-Won , Lim Jeong-Muk , Lee Gwang-Min , Park Jung-Hee , Seralathan Kamala-Kannan , Oh Byung-Taek 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAimTo assess the effectiveness of Lentilactobacillus parafarraginis A6-2 cell lysate for the removal of aluminum (Al), which induces neurotoxicity, and its protective effect at cellular level.Methods and resultsThe cell lysate of the selected L. parafarraginis A6-2 strain demonstrated superior Al removal compared to live or dead cells. The Al removal efficiency of L. parafarraginis A6-2 cell lysate increased with decreasing pH and increasing temperature, primarily through adsorption onto peptidoglycan. Neurotoxicity mitigation potential of L. parafarraginis A6-2 was evaluated using C6 glioma cells. C6 cells exposed with increasing concentration of Al led to elevated toxicity and inflammation, which were gradually alleviated upon treatment with L. parafarraginis A6-2. Moreover, Al-induced oxidative stress in C6 cells showed a concentration-dependent reduction upon treatment with L. parafarraginis A6-2.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that L. parafarraginis A6-2 strain, particularly in its lysate form, exhibited enhanced capability for Al removal. Furthermore, it effectively mitigated Al-induced toxicity, inflammation, and oxidative stress.
Staged revascularization and multi-modal mechanical circulatory supports in a patient with severe cardiogenic shock due to acute-on-chronic coronary syndrome
Authors: Horimoto Miri , Tsutsui Masahiro , Mochizuki Nobuhiro , Setogawa Yuki , Suzuki Fumitaka , Narita Masahiko , Hirofuzi Aina , Kunioka Shingo , Shirasaka Tomonori , Ishikawa Natsuya , Kamiya Hiroyuki 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Acute coronary syndrome with cardiogenic shock is a life-threatening condition, but with planned staged treatment combined with coronary revascularization and mechanical circulatory supports its management is increasingly possible. Here, we present our successful life-saving case. A 76-year-old male patient was diagnosed with ST-elevation myocardial infarction with cardiogenic shock due to severe stenosis of the left main coronary artery based on the severe triple vessel disease. We initially introduced Impella CP and performed a percutaneous coronary intervention without stenting on the patient. We maintained hemodynamics with Impella CP and performed coronary artery bypass grafting after a week. Intraoperatively, Impella CP was left to function as a left ventricular vent. The patient required upgrading to Impella 5.5 plus veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation postoperatively, but his condition gradually improved, all mechanical circulatory supports could be weaned off, and he eventually survived.
Factors affecting upper limb ergonomics in robotic colorectal surgery
Authors: Wong Shing Wai , Ang Zhen Hao , Lim Ranah , Wong Xiuling Jasmine , Crowe Philip 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

The aim of the study was to examine the factors which may influence suboptimal ergonomic surgeon hand positioning during robotic colorectal surgery (RCS). An observational study of 11 consecutive RCS cases from June 2022 to August 2022 was performed. Continuous video footage of RCS cases was analysed concurrently with video recordings of surgeon’s hand positions at the console. The outcome studied was the frequency with which either hand remained in a suboptimal ergonomic position outside the predetermined double box outlines, as marked on the surgeon’s video, for &gt;1 min. Situations which resulted in poor upper limb ergonomics were dissection in the peripheral operating field location, left-hand use, use of the stapler, dissection of the main mesenteric blood vessels, and multi-quadrant surgery. Being aware of situations when suboptimal ergonomic positions occur can allow surgeons to consciously compensate by using the clutch or pausing to take a rest break.

What does this paper add to the literature?
The study is important because it is the first to look at factors which may influence poor upper limb ergonomics during non-simulated RCS. By recognizing these factors and compensating for them, it may improve surgeon ergonomics with resultant better performance.
Comparison of chitosan and SLN nano-delivery systems for antibacterial effect of tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) oil against P. aeruginosa and S. aureus
Authors: Vase Hasti , Nemattalab Mehran , Rohani Masoumeh , Hesari Zahra 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Treatment of wounds is challenging due to bacterial infections, including Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Using the merits of alternative antimicrobials like tea tree oil (TTO) and nanotechnology, they can be helpful in combatting bacterial infections. Solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN) and chitosan (CS) nanoparticles show great potential as carriers for enhancing the stability and therapeutic benefits of oils. The aim of this study is to compare the influence of nanocarriers in enhancing the antibacterial effects of TTO. The study evaluates the physicochemical and antibacterial properties of TTO-SLN and TTO-CS against P. aeruginosa and S. aureus. The TTO-SLN nanoparticles showed a clear round shape with the average diameter size of 477 nm, while the TTO-CS nanoparticles illustrated very homogeneous morphology with 144 nm size. The encapsulation efficiency for TTO-CS and TTO-SLN was ∼88.3% and 73.5%, respectively. Minimum inhibitory concentration against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa for TTO-CS, TTO-SLN, and pure TTO were 35 and 45 µg ml−1, 130 and 170 µg ml−1, and 380 and 410 µg ml−1, respectively. Since TTO-CS revealed an impressively higher antimicrobial effects in comparison with TTO-SLN and TTO alone, it can be considered as a nanocarrier that produces the same antimicrobial effects with lower required amounts of the active substance.
Applying Theory to Practice
Authors: Fagin Ronald 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
By making use of three IBM case studies involving the author and colleagues, this paper is about applying theory to practice. In the first case study, the system builders (or practitioners) initiated the interaction. This interaction led to the following problem. Assume that there is a set of objects, each with multiple attributes, and there is a numerical score assigned to each attribute of each object. In the spirit of real-valued logics, there is a scoring function (such as the min or the average), and a ranking of the objects is obtained by applying the scoring function to the scores of each object’s attributes The problem is to find the top $k$ objects, while minimizing the number of database accesses. An algorithm is given that is optimal in an extremely strong sense: not just in the worst case or the average case, but (up to a constant factor) in every case! Even though the algorithm is only 8 lines long (!), the paper containing the algorithm won the 2014 Gödel Prize, the top prize for a paper in theoretical computer science. The interaction in the second case study was initiated by theoreticians, who wanted to lay the foundations for ‘data exchange’, in which data is converted from one format to another. Although this problem may sound mundane, the issues that arise are fascinating, and this work made data exchange a new subfield, with special sessions in every major database conference. This work won the 2020 Alonzo Church Award, the highest prize for research in logic and computation. The third case study, specifically on real-valued (or ‘fuzzy’) logic, arose as part of a large ‘Logical Neural Nets’ (LNN) project at IBM. The inputs to, say, an ‘and’ gate could each be any numbers in the interval [0,1]. The system builders of LNN wanted a sound and complete axiomatization for real-valued logic, so that they could arrive at truth values given other truth values whenever possible. This recent work provides a sound and complete axiomatization for a large class of real-valued logics, including the most common ones. It also allows weights, where the importance of some subformulas can be greater than that of other subformulas. This paper is aimed at both theoreticians and system builders, to show them the mutual benefits of working together. This is via the three case studies mentioned above: two initiated by the system builders, and one by the theoreticians. The moral for the theoreticians is to show by example how to apply theory to practice, and why applying theory to practice can lead to better theory. The moral for the system builders is the value of theory, and the value of involving theoreticians. This paper is written in a very informal style. In fact, it is based closely on a talk on ‘Applying theory to practice’ that the author has presented a number of times.
iMaNGA: mock MaNGA galaxies based on IllustrisTNG and MaStar SSPs. - III. Stellar metallicity drivers in MaNGA and TNG50
Authors: Nanni Lorenza , Neumann Justus , Thomas Daniel , Maraston Claudia , Trayford James , Lovell Christopher C , Law David R , Yan Renbin , Chen Yanping 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
The iMaNGA project uses a forward-modelling approach to compare the predictions of cosmological simulations with observations from SDSS-IV/MaNGA. We investigate the dependency of age and metallicity radial gradients on galaxy morphology, stellar mass, stellar surface mass density (Σ*), and environment. The key of our analysis is that observational biases affecting the interpretation of MaNGA data are emulated in the theoretical iMaNGA sample. The simulations reproduce the observed global stellar population scaling relations with positive correlations between galaxy mass and age/metallicity quite well and also produce younger stellar populations in late-type in agreement with observations. We do find interesting discrepancies, though, that can inform the physics and further development of the simulations. Ages of spiral galaxies and low-mass ellipticals are overestimated by about 2–4 Gyr. Radial metallicity gradients are steeper in iMaNGA than in MaNGA, a discrepancy most prominent in spiral and lenticular galaxies. Also, the observed steepening of metallicity gradients with increasing galaxy mass is not well matched by the simulations. We find that the theoretical radial profiles of surface mass density Σ* are steeper than in observations except for the most massive galaxies. In both MaNGA and iMaNGA [Z/H] correlates with Σ*, however, the simulations systematically predict lower [Z/H] by almost a factor of 2 at any Σ*. Most interestingly, for galaxies with stellar mass log M* ≤ 10.80 M⊙, the MaNGA data reveal a positive correlation between galaxy radius and [Z/H] at fixed Σ*, which is not recovered in iMaNGA. Finally, the dependence on environmental density is negligible in both the theoretical iMaNGA and the observed MaNGA data.
TFCheckpoint database update, a cross-referencing system for transcription factors from human, mouse and rat
Authors: Acencio Marcio L , Vazquez Miguel , Chawla Konika , Lægreid Astrid , Kuiper Martin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Prior knowledge about DNA-binding transcription factors (dbTFs), transcription co-regulators (coTFs) and general transcriptional factors (GTFs) is crucial for the study and understanding of the regulation of transcription. This is reflected by the many publications and database resources describing knowledge about TFs. We previously launched the TFCheckpoint database, an integrated resource focused on human, mouse and rat dbTFs, providing users access to a comprehensive overview of these proteins. Here, we describe TFCheckpoint 2.0 (https://www.tfcheckpoint.org/index.php), comprising 13 collections of dbTFs, coTFs and GTFs. TFCheckpoint 2.0 provides an easy and versatile cross-referencing system for users to view and download collections that may otherwise be cumbersome to find, compare and retrieve.
Teaching Everyone Everywhere All at Once: Leveraging Social Media to Implement a Multisite Fungal Diagnostics Curriculum
Authors: Nematollahi Saman , Tackett Sean , Grieb Suzanne , Laracy Justin C , Belcher Anne , Marr Kieren A , Shoham Shmuel , Avery Robin K , Melia Michael T 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Environmental fungi are threats to personal and public health. Fungal in vitro diagnostics help diagnose invasive fungal infections (IFIs), but clinicians remain underinformed about their use and interpretation. Given the increasing use of social media to share infectious diseases–related content, we designed and implemented a multisite Twitter-based curriculum focused on IFIs and related diagnostics.

Methods
Questions were posted through a dedicated Twitter account twice weekly over 8 weeks. We surveyed clinicians at 3 US academic centers before and after completion of the curriculum and interviewed a subset of participants. We undertook quantitative and qualitative evaluations and reviewed Twitter analytics.

Results
We surveyed 450 participants. One hundred twenty-one participants (27%) completed the knowledge assessment precurriculum, 68 (15%) postcurriculum, and 53 (12%) pre- and postcurriculum. We found a significant increase (72% vs 80%, P = .005) in the percentage of correct answers in the pre- versus postcurriculum knowledge assessments. Perceived benefits included a well-executed curriculum that facilitated engagement with appropriately detailed tweetorials from a dedicated Twitter account. Perceived barriers included lack of awareness of tweetorial posts and timing, competing priorities, and the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. The Twitter account accrued 1400 followers from 65 countries during the 8-week period. Tweets with multiple-choice questions had a median of 14 904 impressions (interquartile range [IQR], 12 818–16 963), 798 engagements (IQR, 626–1041), and an engagement rate of 6.1% (IQR, 4.2%–6.6%).

Conclusions
Educators can leverage social media to share content with a large audience and improve knowledge while being mindful of the barriers associated with implementing a curriculum on social media.
The Institutional Topology of International Regime Complexes
Authors: Daßler Benjamin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The implicit topology of international institutional complexes varies greatly across policy areas. In some areas, the lion’s share of everyday policy cooperation is shaped by a single institution, with alternative and more regional institutions operating in its shadow. In other policy fields, institutional structures appear to be different, seeing a range of non-hierarchical, decentralized, alternative institutions. The Institutional Topology of International Regime Complexes: Mapping Interinstitutional Structures in Global Governance provides a systematic analysis of the varying institutional topologies underlying five regime complexes: intellectual property, tax avoidance, financial stability, development aid, and energy governance. The book offers a comprehensive analysis of both the empirical manifestation of interinstitutional structures across various policy fields of global governance and the issue specific factors that shape their long-term evolution. Theoretically, the book highlights the significant variation in institutional opportunity structures for states across issue areas. It suggests that these crucial differences translate into long-term centripetal or centrifugal effects on institutional topologies. Empirically, the book combines network analyses with qualitative case studies tracing institutionalization processes across five highly relevant issue areas of global governance. It shows how the nature of issue-specific cooperation problems translates into disparate structures among multilateral institutions occupying the same regime complex. In light of growing concerns about the future trajectories of global governance in times of heightened geopolitical tensions, this book offers a fresh perspective to comparatively capture the profoundly varying institutional landscapes across different issue areas and their associated challenges and opportunities of multilateral cooperation.