bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interfacial Tension Hysteresis of Eutectic Gallium‐Indium
Authors: Hillaire Keith D. , Nithyanandam Praneshnandan , Song Minyung , Nadimi Sahar Rashid , Kiani Abolfazl , Dickey Michael D. , Daniels Karen E. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWhen in a pristine state, gallium and its alloys have the largest interfacial tensions of any liquid at room temperature. Nonetheless, applying as little as 0.8 V of electric potential across eutectic gallium indium (EGaIn) placed within aqueous sodium hydroxide (NaOH, or other electrolyte) solution will cause the metal to behave as if its interfacial tension is near zero. The mechanism behind this phenomenon has remained poorly understood because NaOH dissolves the oxide species, making it difficult to directly measure the concentration, thickness, or chemical composition of the film that forms at the interface. In addition, the oxide layers formed are atomically‐thin. Here, it presents a suite of techniques that allow to simultaneously measure both electrical and interfacial properties as a function of applied electric potential, allowing for new insights into the mechanisms, which cause the dramatic decrease in interfacial tension. A key discovery from this work is that the interfacial tension displays hysteresis while lowering the applied potential. It combines these observations with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to evaluate how these changes in interfacial tension arise from chemical, electrical, and mechanical changes on the interface, and close with ideas for how to build a free energy model to predict these changes from first principles.
Elucidating the Iron‐Based Ionic Liquid [C4py][FeCl4]: Structural Insights and Potential for Nonaqueous Redox Flow Batteries
Authors: Balischewski Christian , Bhattacharyya Biswajit , Bailey Josh J. , Place Scott D. , Nockemann Peter , Kim Jiyong , Wedel Armin , Gahlaut Shashank , Bald Ilko , Li Weiyang , Garcia Yann , Sperlich Eric , Günter Christina , Kelling Alexandra , Taubert Andreas 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn this study, a low‐melting organic‐inorganic crystalline ionic liquid compound, N‐butyl pyridinium tetrachlorido ferrate (III) is described. The material can easily be synthesized using a one‐pot approach in an ionic liquid medium. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction confirms that the basic inorganic block is [FeCl4]−, which is counterbalanced by an N‐butyl pyridinium cation. The compound exhibits a melting point of 37.6 °C by differential scanning calorimetry, which is among the lowest values for a pyridinium‐based metal‐containing ionic liquid. The material shows promising electrochemical behavior at room temperature in both aqueous and nonaqueous solvents, and at elevated temperatures in its pure liquid state. Given its appreciable solubility in both water and acetonitrile, the compound can act as a redox‐active species in a supporting electrolyte for redox flow battery applications. These classes of low‐melting ionic solids with long‐range order and interesting electrochemical applications are potential candidates for a range of green energy storage and harvesting systems.
Releasable, Immune‐Instructive, Bioinspired Multilayer Coating Resists Implant‐Induced Fibrosis while Accelerating Tissue Repair
Authors: Toita Riki , Kitamura Masahiro , Tsuchiya Akira , Kang Jeong‐Hun , Kasahara Shinjiro 
Published: December 2023

AbstractImplantable biomaterials trigger foreign body reactions (FBRs), which reduces the functional life of medical devices and prevents effective tissue regeneration. Although existing therapeutic approaches can circumvent collagen‐rich fibrotic encapsulation secondary to FBRs, they disrupt native tissue repair. Herein, a new surface engineering strategy in which an apoptotic‐mimetic, immunomodulatory, phosphatidylserine liposome (PSL) is released from an implant coating to induce the formation of a macrophage phenotype that mitigates FBRs and improves tissue healing is described. PSL‐multilayers constructed on implant surfaces via the layer‐by‐layer method release PSLs over a 1‐month period. In rat muscles, poly(etheretherketone) (PEEK), a nondegradable polymer implant model, induces FBRs with dense fibrotic scarring under an aberrant cellular profile that recruits high levels of inflammatory infiltrates, foreign body giant cells (FBGCs), scar‐forming myofibroblasts, and inflammatory M1‐like macrophages but negligible amounts of anti‐inflammatory M2‐like phenotypes. However, the PSL‐multilayer coating markedly diminishes these detrimental signatures by shifting the macrophage phenotype. Unlike other therapeutics, PSL‐multilayered coatings also stimulate muscle regeneration. This study demonstrates that PSL‐multilayered coatings are effective in eliminating FBRs and promoting regeneration, hence offering potent and broad applications for implantable biomaterials.
Photoannealing of Microtissues Creates High‐Density Capillary Network Containing Living Matter in a Volumetric‐Independent Manner
Authors: Schot Maik , Becker Malin , Paggi Carlo Alberto , Gomes Francisca , Koch Timo , Gensheimer Tarek , Johnbosco Castro , Nogueira Liebert Parreiras , van der Meer Andries , Carlson Andreas , Haugen Håvard , Leijten Jeroen 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe vascular tree is crucial for the survival and function of large living tissues. Despite breakthroughs in 3D bioprinting to endow engineered tissues with large blood vessels, there is currently no approach to engineer high‐density capillary networks into living tissues in a scalable manner. Here, photoannealing of living microtissue (PALM) is presented as a scalable strategy to engineer capillary‐rich tissues. Specifically, in‐air microfluidics is used to produce living microtissues composed of cell‐laden microgels in ultrahigh throughput, which can be photoannealed into a monolithic living matter. Annealed microtissues inherently give rise to an open and interconnected pore network within the resulting living matter. Interestingly, utilizing soft microgels enables microgel deformation, which leads to the uniform formation of capillary‐sized pores. Importantly, the ultrahigh throughput nature underlying the microtissue formation uniquely facilitates scalable production of living tissues of clinically relevant sizes (>1 cm3) with an integrated high‐density capillary network. In short, PALM generates monolithic, microporous, modular tissues that meet the previously unsolved need for large engineered tissues containing high‐density vascular networks, which is anticipated to advance the fields of engineered organs, regenerative medicine, and drug screening.
Platinum Prodrug Nanoparticles with COX‐2 Inhibition Amplify Pyroptosis for Enhanced Chemotherapy and Immune Activation of Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Yu Bingzheng , Wang Yushu , Bing Tiejun , Tang Yujing , Huang Jia , Xiao Haihua , Liu Chaoyong , Yu Yingjie 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPyroptosis, an emerging mechanism of programmed cell death, holds great potential to trigger a robust antitumor immune response. Platinum‐based chemotherapeutic agents can induce pyroptosis via caspase‐3 activation. However, these agents also enhance cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) expression in tumor tissues, leading to drug resistance and immune evasion in pancreatic cancer and significantly limiting the effectiveness of chemotherapy‐induced pyroptosis. Here, an amphiphilic polymer (denoted as PHDT‐Pt‐In) containing both indomethacin (In, a COX‐2 inhibitor) and platinum(IV) prodrug (Pt(IV)) is developed, which is responsive to glutathione (GSH). This polymer self‐assemble into nanoparticles (denoted as Pt‐In NP) that can disintegrate in cancer cells due to the GSH responsiveness, releasing In to inhibit the COX‐2 expression, hence overcoming the chemoresistance and amplifying cisplatin‐induced pyroptosis. In a pancreatic cancer mouse model, Pt‐In NP significantly inhibit tumor growth and elicit both innate and adaptive immune responses. Moreover, when combined with anti‐programmed death ligand (α‐PD‐L1) treatment, Pt‐In NP demonstrate the ability to completely suppress metastatic tumors, transforming “cold tumors” into “hot tumors”. Overall, the sustained release of Pt(IV) and In from Pt‐In NP amplifies platinum‐drug‐induced pyroptosis to elicit long‐term immune responses, hence presenting a generalizable strategy for pancreatic cancer.
Impact of Twin's Landscape on the Magnetic Damping of La2/3Sr1/3MnO3 Thin Films
Authors: Chen Shoulong , Pomar Alberto , Balcells Lluis , Frontera Carlos , Mestres Narcís , Martínez Benjamín 
Published: December 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the origin and mechanisms of magnetic damping in complex oxide materials is crucial for optimizing spin dynamics and tailoring their properties for specific spintronic applications. Ferromagnetic resonance spectroscopy (FMR) technique has been used to investigate the magnetic damping of multiple La2/3Sr1/3MnO3 (LSMO) epitaxial thin films with similar thickness and identical DC magnetic properties. However, the dynamic magnetic properties exhibit noticeable variations among samples. Microstructural analyses using X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), confirm that the samples are structurally identical, except for minute differences in the miscut angles of the substrates. Nevertheless, when examining the samples using backscattered electron (BSE) images in scanning electron microscopy (SEM), significant disparities in the twin distribution are observed. These variations in the twin distribution directly correlate with the observed differences in the damping values. A careful image analysis of BSE images allows to demonstrate that the increase of damping is due to the pinning of the magnetization in the twin boundaries.
A H2S‐Generated Supramolecular Photosensitizer for Enhanced Photodynamic Antibacterial Infection and Relieving Inflammation
Authors: Tian Jia , Huang Baoxuan , Xia Lei , Zhu Yucheng , Zhang Weian 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising treatment against bacteria‐caused infections. By producing large amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS), PDT can effectively eliminate pathogenic bacteria, without causing drug resistance. However, excessive ROS may also impose an oxidative stress on surrounding tissues, resulting in local inflammation. To avoid this major drawback and limit pro‐inflammation during PDT, this work prepared a supramolecular photosensitizer (TPP‐CN/CP5) based on host‐guest interactions between a cysteine‐responsive cyano‐tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP‐CN) and a water‐soluble carboxylatopillar[5]arene (CP5). TPP‐CN/CP5 not only possesses excellent photodynamic antibacterial properties, but also shows good anti‐inflammatory and cell protection capabilities. Under 660 nm light irradiation, TPP‐CN/CP5 could rapidly produce abundant ROS for sterilization. After the PDT process, the addition of cysteine (Cys) triggers the release of H2S from TPP‐CN. H2S then stops the induced inflammation by inhibiting the production of related inflammatory factors. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments show the excellent antibacterial effects and anti‐inflammatory abilities of TPP‐CN/CP5. These results will certainly promote the clinical application of PDT in the treatment of bacterial infectious diseases.
Data‐Driven Compound Identification in Atmospheric Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Sandström Hilda , Rissanen Matti , Rousu Juho , Rinke Patrick 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAerosol particles found in the atmosphere affect the climate and worsen air quality. To mitigate these adverse impacts, aerosol particle formation and aerosol chemistry in the atmosphere need to be better mapped out and understood. Currently, mass spectrometry is the single most important analytical technique in atmospheric chemistry and is used to track and identify compounds and processes. Large amounts of data are collected in each measurement of current time‐of‐flight and orbitrap mass spectrometers using modern rapid data acquisition practices. However, compound identification remains a major bottleneck during data analysis due to lacking reference libraries and analysis tools. Data‐driven compound identification approaches could alleviate the problem, yet remain rare to non‐existent in atmospheric science. In this perspective, the authors review the current state of data‐driven compound identification with mass spectrometry in atmospheric science and discuss current challenges and possible future steps toward a digital era for atmospheric mass spectrometry.
Co‐Cultivated Enzyme Constraint Metabolic Network Model for Rational Guidance in Constructing Synthetic Consortia to Achieve Optimal Pathway Allocation Prediction
Authors: Xue Boyuan , Liu Yu , Yang Chen , Liu Hao , Yuan Qianqian , Wang Shaojie , Su Haijia 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSynthetic consortia have emerged as a promising biosynthetic platform that offers new opportunities for biosynthesis. Genome‐scale metabolic network models (GEMs) with complex constraints are extensively utilized to guide the synthesis in monocultures. However, few methods are currently available to guide the rational construction of synthetic consortia for predicting the optimal allocation strategy of synthetic pathways aimed at enhancing product synthesis. A standardized method to construct the co‐cultivated Enzyme Constraint metabolic network model (CulECpy) is proposed, which integrates enzyme constraints and modular interaction scale constraints based on the research concept of “independent + global”. This method is applied to construct several synthetic consortia models, which encompassed different target products, strains, synthetic pathways, and compositional structures. Analyzing the model, the optimal pathway allocation and initial inoculum ratio that enhance the synthesis of target products by synthetic consortia are predicted and verified. When comparing with the constructed co‐culture synthesis system, the normalized root mean square error of all optimal theoretical yield simulations is found to be less than or equal to 0.25. The analyses and verifications demonstrate that the method CulECpy can guide the rational construction of synthetic consortia systems to facilitate biochemical synthesis.
Multidirectional Planar Motion Transmission on a Single‐Motor Actuated Robot via Microscopic Galumphing
Authors: Tang Lingqi , Wang Chenghao , Ma Songsong , Li Yao , Li Bing 
Published: December 2023

AbstractInsect‐scale mobile robots can execute diverse arrays of tasks in confined spaces. Although most self‐contained crawling robots integrate multiple actuators to ensure high flexibility, the intricate actuators restrict their miniaturization. Conversely, robots with a single actuator lack the requisite agility and precision for planar movements. Herein, a novel eccentric rotation‐dependent multidirectional transmission is presented using a tilted eccentric motor and a simplistic two‐legged structural configuration for planar locomotion. The speed of the eccentric motor is modulated to enable alternating microscopic jumps to propel the system, creating a mode of motion analogous to galumphing of seals. Upon modeling the motion dynamics and conducting experiments, the effectiveness of direct motion transmission is substantiated through microscopic galumphing encompassing left/right crawling and straight‐forward crawling. Finally, a 1.2 g untethered robot is developed, which demonstrates enhanced straight crawling and spot turning, traverses narrow tunnels, and achieves precise movements. Therefore, the proposed motion‐transmission technique provides a comprehensive set of innovative solutions of underactuated agile robots.
Noninvasive Nonlinear Optical Computational Histology
Authors: Shen Binglin , Li Zhenglin , Pan Ying , Guo Yuan , Yin Zongyi , Hu Rui , Qu Junle , Liu Liwei 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCancer remains a global health challenge, demanding early detection and accurate diagnosis for improved patient outcomes. An intelligent paradigm is introduced that elevates label‐free nonlinear optical imaging with contrastive patch‐wise learning, yielding stain‐free nonlinear optical computational histology (NOCH). NOCH enables swift, precise diagnostic analysis of fresh tissues, reducing patient anxiety and healthcare costs. Nonlinear modalities are evaluated, including stimulated Raman scattering and multiphoton imaging, for their ability to enhance tumor microenvironment sensitivity, pathological analysis, and cancer examination. Quantitative analysis confirmed that NOCH images accurately reproduce nuclear morphometric features across different cancer stages. Key diagnostic features, such as nuclear morphology, size, and nuclear‐cytoplasmic contrast, are well preserved. NOCH models also demonstrate promising generalization when applied to other pathological tissues. The study unites label‐free nonlinear optical imaging with histopathology using contrastive learning to establish stain‐free computational histology. NOCH provides a rapid, non‐invasive, and precise approach to surgical pathology, holding immense potential for revolutionizing cancer diagnosis and surgical interventions.
Oxygen vacancy of CeO2 modulated Pt catalyst facilitates H‐D exchange of aniline aromatics by cleaving D2O
Authors: Jiang Wenjie , Shao Fangjun , Xu Zhanpeng , Li Xiaolong , Wang Kui , Liu Xu , Zhong Xing , Wang Jianguo 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDeuterium‐labeled compounds, particularly deuterium‐doped aniline aromatics, play a crucial role in chemistry, environment, and biology. However, the conventional deuteration method relies on a hydrogen atmosphere, which poses limitations for sensitive substrates containing halogen functional groups. This is due to the potential occurrence of additional reactions in these reactive sites. This study utilized Pt/CeO2‐OV catalyst to achieve efficient deuterium doping (98%) of aniline under hydrogen gas‐free condition, while avoiding hydrogenation side reactions. The significance of oxygen vacancies and metal‐catalyst interactions in the catalyst support is demonstrated through experimental characterization. When facing sensitive functional groups, including halogens, the proposed method avoids dehalogenation or hydrogenation of the benzene ring. This study provides a practical and efficient solution for deuteration of sensitive groups, holding substantial theoretical and practical implications.
Experimental study on droplet breakup in an orifice jet mixer
Authors: Wu Zhenyu , Cai Jinjin , Yu Tonghuan , Zhu Yi , Zhou Feng , Liang Xiaojiang , Nie Yong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe droplet breakups in an orifice jet mixer are studied to gain a deeper understanding of the breakup mechanism and establish breakup models used as population balance model source terms for accurate predictions. The breakup process and details are captured in situ using a high‐speed photomicrography system. Experiments are performed with different levels of pressure drop and mother droplet size. A complete breakup process consists of several different sub‐breakup events, hence the cascade breakup definition is adopted to determine statistical results. High breakup frequency is achieved under high pressure drop and small mother droplet size. The average number of daughter droplets is 102–105 and is positively correlated with the pressure drop and mother droplet size. The daughter droplet size distribution has a tailing phenomenon and is mainly affected by the pressure drop. New breakup models based on the above features are established and predict well with the experimental results.
Establishment of temperature‐strength response prediction model of supramolecular gel temporary plugging agent by response surface method analysis
Authors: Lai Nanjun , Tian Yongqiang , Wang Junqi , Xu Hongwei , Tang Lei 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn this study, response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize the preparation of a supramolecular gel temporary plugging agent. According to single‐factor experiments, results showed that the gelling temperature was preset at 100°C, and the gelling strength reached the maximum. Three‐factor RSM model prediction was carried out to explore the determination coefficient (R2) of the gelling temperature and strength and their degree of influence, and the predicted results were verified by experiments. No difference was found between the experimental results and the predicted results, indicating that this model could be used to optimize the preparation of DMF supramolecular gels. DSC, FT‐IR, XRD, and SEM were used to investigate the formation mechanism of the optimized supramolecular gel temporary plugging agent (CD‐Da), and its compatibility, stability, rheology, and plugging performance were evaluated. Experimental results showed that CD‐Da has the characteristics of good injectability in low‐permeability rock cores, strong plugging capacity, self‐breaking, and less damage to the formation. Therefore, this study not only provides a stable and efficient supramolecular gel plugging agent for tight oil and gas reservoirs, but also establishes a prediction model between each component and supramolecular gel, providing a new optimization method for the preparation of supramolecular gel.
Testicular regression and recrudescence in the bat Eptesicus furinalis: Morpho‐physiological variations and hormonal signaling pathways
Authors: Bueno Larissa Mayumi , Soares Emília M. , Ferraz Juliana F. , Santiago Cornélio S. , Comelis‐Martins Manuela Tosi , Taboga Sebastião Roberto , Morielle‐Versute Eliana , Beguelini Mateus Rodrigues 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMales of the bat Eptesicus furinalis show at least one process of testicular regression, in which the testes regress and temporarily interrupt the production of sperm, during its annual reproductive cycle. As the process of spermatogenesis is under hormonal control, mainly of pituitary and androgen hormones, our aim was to analyze the morphological variations and the hormonal control of the testes of E. furinalis during the four phases of its reproductive cycle. Testes of 18 adult males, divided into four sample groups (active, regressing, regressed, and recrudescence phases), were submitted to morphological, morphometric, and immunohistochemical analyzes. The results demonstrate that the processes of testicular regression and recrudescence of E. furinalis are under the control of pituitary, androgen and estrogen hormones. The regulation is exerted mainly through the activation and cross signaling of AR and FSHR in Sertoli cells and of LHR in Leydig cells. The testicular regression appears to be activated by an inhibition/reduction of AR expression in Sertoli cells, which inhibits the proliferation and differentiation of new spermatogonia and causes the deactivation of spermatogenesis. Conversely, the testicular recrudescence occurs by the increasing of the expression of LHR in Leydig cells, and AR and FSHR in Sertoli cells, which reactivates the testicular production of androgens and estrogens, the proliferation of spermatogonia and restarts the spermatogenesis.