bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Object naming and semantic fluency among individuals with genetic risk for Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Miller Karen J. , Rogers Steven A. , Siddarth Prabha , Small Gary W. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractObjectivesThis study longitudinally examined the object naming and semantic fluency of individuals who are at risk for developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) by virtue of having APOE‐4 or a family history of AD.MethodsA total of 108 participants (40 with a family history of AD and 43 with APOE‐4) completed the Boston Naming Test and the Animal Naming task at initial assessment and after two years.ResultsAt baseline, object naming was significantly lower for those with both risk factors, F(2, 99) = 5.72, p < 0.01, but those with either risk factor had significantly lower scores at follow‐up, F(2, 99) = 3.41, p < 0.05. Semantic fluency (animal naming) was reduced among subjects with the APOE‐4 allele at baseline, F(1, 100) = 4.02, p < 0.05, but it was not associated with either risk factor at follow‐up.ConclusionsThese deficits may be associated with a prodromal risk for AD and may serve as pre‐symptomatic markers for the development of AD. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stimulation of neurite outgrowth in a human nerve scaffold designed for peripheral nerve reconstruction
Authors: Dumont Charles E. , Born Walter 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe clinical outcome of microsurgical reconstruction of large peripheral nerve lesions depends on the availability of suitable graft material. Allogenic nerve grafts are rejected by the immune system. Extracellular‐matrix proteins, in contrast to the resident cells, are of low immunogenicity in allografts. Here, human tibial nerve segments were extracted with lysophosphatidyl choline. The obtained cell‐free and myelin‐free scaffold consisted of empty endoneural tubes with maintained extracellular matrix architecture. The nerve scaffold had mechanical properties comparable to intact nerve, making it suitable for microsurgical reconstruction. Sections of the nerve scaffold were tested as a substrate for the adhesion and neuronal differentiation of human neuroblastoma‐derived LAN‐5 cells. Nerve extraction removed laminin‐2, an isoform of laminin important for peripheral nerve regeneration. Laminin‐2 reloading of the nerve scaffold did not improve cell adhesion and axon growth. Chemical crosslinking of heparan sulfate, on the other hand, increased the percentage of adherent cells with outgrowing neurites from 48 to 85%. Combined laminin‐2 reloading and heparan sulfate crosslinking reduced the percentage of neurite‐forming cells to 22% of the number of adherent cells. Implantation of the nerve scaffold into the peritoneal cavity of mice was not cytotoxic, and neovascularization of the graft material was observed within weeks. In conclusion, extraction of human nerve with detergents revealed a biocompatible nerve scaffold supporting neuronal cell adhesion. Heparan sulfate crosslinking to the scaffold surface improved neurite outgrowth, presumably mediated by midkine, a member of the neurokine family of growth factors, which is secreted by neuroblastoma‐derived cells and binds to heparan sulfate. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 73B: 194–202, 2005
A comparative study of thein vitrocorrosion behavior and cytotoxicity of a superferritic stainless steel, a Ti‐13Nb‐13Zr alloy, and an austenitic stainless steel in Hank's solution
Authors: Assis S. L. , Rogero S. O. , Antunes R. A. , Padilha A. F. , Costa I. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractIn this study, thein vitrocorrosion resistance of a superferritic stainless steel in naturally aerated Hank's solution at 37°C has been determined to evaluate the steel for use as a biomaterial. The potentiodynamic polarization method and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were used to determine the corrosion resistance. The polarization results showed very low current densities at the corrosion potential and electrochemical behavior typical of passive metals. At potentials above 0.75 V (SCE), and up to that of the oxygen evolution reaction, the superferritic steel exhibited transpassive behavior followed by secondary passivation. The superferritic stainless steel exhibited high pitting resistance in Hank's solution. This steel did not reveal pits even after polarization to 3000 mV (SCE). The EIS results indicated high impedance values at low frequencies, supporting the results obtained from the polarization measurements. The results obtained for the superferritic steel have been compared with those of the Ti‐13Nb‐13Zr alloy and an austenitic stainless steel, as Ti alloys are well known for their high corrosion resistance and biocompatibility, and the austenitic stainless steel is widely used as an implant material. The cytotoxicity tests indicated that the superferritic steel, the austenitic steel, and the Ti‐13Nb‐13Zr alloy were not toxic. Based on corrosion resistance and cytotoxicity results, the superferritic stainless steel can be considered as a potential biomaterial. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 73B: 109–116, 2005
Amorphous Ni–B/SiO2catalyst prepared by microwave heating and its catalytic activityin acrylonitrile hydrogenation
Authors: Liu Bo , Qiao Minghua , Wang Jianqiang , Xie Songhai , Li Hexing , Fan Kangnian 
Published: January 2005

AbstractMicrowave heating was utilized in the preparation of amorphous Ni–B/SiO2catalysts. After wetness impregnation with NiCl2aqueous solution, the catalyst precursor was dried at 383 K, followed by microwave heating and KBH4reduction. Liquid phase hydrogenation of acrylonitrile was employed as the probe reaction. While ICP, XRD, XPS and turnover frequency results did not reveal discernable structural and electronic differences between the active components of the catalysts with or without microwave heating, SEM uncovered the formation of smaller Ni–B alloy particles with microwave heating, leading to a higher concentration of active sites and greater thermal stability as verified by H2chemisorption and DSC. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
Termination Kinetics of Dibutyl Itaconate Free‐Radical Polymerization Studied via the SP–PLP–ESR Technique
Authors: Buback Michael , Egorov Mark , Junkers Tanja , Panchenko Elena 
Published: January 2005

AbstractSummary: The termination kinetics of dibutyl itaconate (DBI) bulk polymerization was studied via SP–PLP–ESR single pulse–pulsed laser polymerization with time‐resolved detection of free‐radical concentration by electron‐spin resonance, at temperatures between 0 and 60 °C. As is characteristic of PLP experiments, termination rate coefficients, kt(i,i), are measured for radicals of (almost) identical chain length (CL) i. CL‐averaged 〈kt〉, for chain lengths up to 200 monomer units, and also k referring to termination of very small‐size radicals are directly deduced from measured DBI radical concentration vs time traces. At 45 °C, 〈kt〉 is (3.4 ± 0.6) · 105 L · mol−1 · s−1 and k is (7.2 ± 1.0) · 105 L · mol−1 · s−1. Both rate coefficients are independent of monomer conversion up to the highest experimental conversion of 18%. The associated activation energies are EA(〈kt〉) = 23.0 ± 3.2 kJ · mol−1 and EA(k) = 27.6 ± 2.8 kJ · mol−1, respectively. “Model‐dependent” and “model‐free” analyses of radical concentration vs time profiles indicate a pronounced CL dependence of kt(i,i) for DBI radicals of moderate size, 5 < i < 50. The lowering of kt(i,i) with CL corresponds to an exponent α close to 0.5 in a power‐law expression kt(i,i) = k · i−a. At higher chain lengths, the variation of kt(i,i) with CL becomes weaker and may be represented by an α value of 0.16 or even below. These results are consistent with models according to which α varies to a larger extent at low CL and to a smaller extent at high CL with the crossover region between the two ranges being located somewhere around i = 100.Conversion‐dependence of 〈kt〉 and k from laser‐induced photopolymerization of DBI.magnified imageConversion‐dependence of 〈kt〉 and k from laser‐induced photopolymerization of DBI.
A Novel Approach to the Preparation of Nanoblends of Poly(2,6‐dimethyl‐1,4‐phenylene oxide)/Polyamide 6
Authors: Ji Yali , Li Wengang , Ma Jinghong , Liang Borun 
Published: January 2005

AbstractSummary: A novel approach of in situ polymerization and in situ compatibilization was adopted to prepare poly(2,6‐dimethyl‐1,4‐phenylene oxide) (PPO) and polyamide 6 (PA6) nanoblends. Anionic ring‐opening polymerization of ε‐caprolactam was carried out in the presence of PPO, the chain of which bore p‐methoxyphenylpropionate (MPAA), acting as macroactivator to initiate PA6 chain growth from the PPO chain and form a graft copolymer of PPO and PA6 and pure PA6 simultaneously. The nanostructured PA6 dispersed phase in the PPO matrix could be achieved.A TEM image of poly(2,6‐dimethyl‐1,4‐phenylene oxide)/polyamide 6 nanoparticles obtained from in situ polymerization and in situ compatibilization.imageA TEM image of poly(2,6‐dimethyl‐1,4‐phenylene oxide)/polyamide 6 nanoparticles obtained from in situ polymerization and in situ compatibilization.
Nemaline rods in chorea‐acanthocytosis
Authors: Tamura Yohei , Matsui Kazutaka , Yaguchi Hiroshi , Hashimoto Masaya , Inoue Kiyoharu 
Published: January 2005

AbstractIn chorea‐acanthocytosis, a neurological disorder associated with multisystem degeneration, amyotrophy and peripheral neuropathy are sometimes conspicuous. We describe a patient with chorea‐acanthocytosis who showed distributed nemaline rods in biopsied muscle. It has been suggested that in chorea‐acanthocytosis, the muscle membranous structures are disordered, and our finding may be attributable to this underlying myopathic condition. Muscle Nerve, 2005
Barrett's adenocarcinomas resemble adenocarcinomas of the gastric cardia in terms of chromosomal copy number changes, but relate to squamous cell carcinomas of the distal oesophagus with respect to the presence of high‐level amplifications
Authors: Weiss Marjan M , Kuipers Ernst J , Hermsen Mario AJA , van Grieken Nicole CT , Offerhaus Johan , Baak Jan PA , Meuwissen Stefan GM , Meijer Gerrit A 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThree different cancers predominantly occur at the gastro‐oesophageal junction: squamous cell carcinomas of the distal oesophagus, adenocarcinomas of the distal oesophagus (Barrett's carcinomas), and adenocarcinomas of the gastric cardia. The aim of the present study was to investigate how, and to what extent, Barrett's carcinoma differs from adenocarcinoma of the gastric cardia on the one hand and squamous cell carcinoma of the distal oesophagus on the other, with respect to chromosomal aberrations and related gene expression. The present study analysed 14 squamous cell carcinomas, 24 Barrett's carcinomas, and 16 carcinomas of the gastric cardia. Comparative genomic hybridization revealed chromosomal abnormalities in all cases. Typical chromosomal aberrations for the squamous cell carcinoma type were gains at 3q and 11q13, and losses at 3p, 4q, 9p, 11q, and 13q. In contrast, typical copy number changes for both cardiac and Barrett's adenocarcinomas were gains at 2q, 7p, and 13q, and losses at 17p. High‐level amplification occurred in all three groups, but its frequency in the cardiac carcinomas was lower than in the other two groups. In conclusion, squamous cell carcinomas are characterized by chromosomal aberrations which are distinct from those seen in carcinomas of the gastric cardia and in Barrett's adenocarcinomas. With respect to Barrett's cancer, the chromosomal aberrations more closely reflect the adenocarcinoma phenotype than the squamous origin of the epithelium. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mutations of mtDNA in renal cell tumours arising in end‐stage renal disease
Authors: Nagy Anetta , Wilhelm Monica , Kovacs Gyula 
Published: January 2005

AbstractToxic effects in the uraemic state or during maintenance dialysis have been suggested to be responsible for DNA damage and tumour development in end‐stage renal disease (ESRD). This study therefore analysed the mitochondrial DNA alterations in six kidneys with ESRD and in nine renal cell tumours arising in these kidneys. Sequencing the entire 16 569 bp mitochondrial genome disclosed 94 sequence variations in normal and corresponding tumour tissues. Thirty‐eight polymorphisms occurred in the D‐loop region, 40 in the polypeptide coding regions, 12 in the rRNAs, and four in the tRNAs. Nine somatic nucleotide changes were found in seven of the nine tumours analysed; four of them were G to A transitions. Two of the G to A changes occurred in the D‐loop region, one in the MTTA gene, and one in the MTND2 gene. An A to G substitution was seen in the control region at the mtTF1 binding site. A T to C transition also occurred also in the D‐loop region. A T insertion was seen in MTRNR2 (16S rRNA). One C insertion in MTND4 and one A deletion in the polyA tract of the MTND5 gene resulted in frameshift mutations in two tumours. This study reveals a high mutational rate of the mitochondrial DNA in tumours, which may correspond to the increased level of reactive oxidative species in renal parenchymal cells in ESRD. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Association of trypsin expression with tumour progression and matrilysin expression in human colorectal cancer
Authors: Yamamoto Hiroyuki , Iku Shouhei , Adachi Yasushi , Imsumran Arisa , Taniguchi Hiroaki , Nosho Katsuhiko , Min Yongfen , Horiuchi Shina , Yoshida Mio , Itoh Fumio , Imai Kohzoh 
Published: January 2005

AbstractOverexpression of the matrix serine protease (MSP) trypsin has been implicated in tumour growth, invasion, and metastasis. The objective of this study was to clarify the clinicopathological and prognostic significance of trypsin expression in colorectal cancer. This study analysed the association between immunohistochemically detected trypsin expression in colorectal cancer and clinicopathological characteristics, and investigated whether trypsin is a predictor of recurrence and/or survival. Trypsin immunoreactivity was more intense at the invasive front than in the superficial part of the tumour. Sections with immunostaining signals in more than 30% of carcinoma cells at the invasive front, which were observed in 48 cases (48%), were judged to be positive for trypsin. Trypsin positivity was significantly correlated with depth of invasion, lymphatic and venous invasion, lymph node and distant metastasis, advanced pathological tumour–node–metastasis (TNM) stage, and recurrence. Patients with trypsin‐positive carcinoma had significantly shorter overall and disease‐free survival periods than did those with trypsin‐negative carcinoma. Trypsin retained its significant predictive value for overall and disease‐free survival in multivariate analysis that included conventional clinicopathological factors. It is well known that trypsin activates matrilysin (matrix metalloproteinase‐7), which plays an important role in colorectal cancer progression. Patients with concordant overexpression of trypsin and matrilysin at the invasive front, in which they were often co‐localized, had the worst prognosis. Trypsinogen‐1‐transfected HCT116 colon cancer cells showed not only trypsin activity, but also active matrilysin activity and were more invasive in vitro than mock‐transfected HCT116 cells. These results suggest that trypsin plays a key role in the progression of colorectal cancer. Detection of trypsin expression as well as matrilysin is useful for the prediction of recurrence in and poor prognosis of colorectal cancer patients. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of immunohistochemistry for activated caspase‐3 and cleaved cytokeratin 18 with the TUNEL method for quantification of apoptosis in histological sections of PC‐3 subcutaneous xenografts
Authors: Duan W Rachel , Garner Debra S , Williams Steven D , Funckes‐Shippy Christie L , Spath Iwona S , Blomme Eric AG 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)‐mediated dUTP nick‐end labelling (TUNEL) technique has been extensively used for the detection and quantification of apoptosis in histological tissue sections. However, the interpretation and specificity of this assay have been controversial. With accumulating knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of cell death and the discovery of the caspases as key mediators of apoptosis, more direct and earlier measurements of apoptosis in tissue sections have emerged. This study, using antibodies that specifically recognize activated caspase‐3 and caspase‐cleaved cytokeratin (CK) 18, evaluated whether immunohistochemical stains would improve the detection and quantification of apoptosis in tissue sections, compared with the TUNEL assay. Tumour xenografts of the prostate cancer cell line PC‐3 were used as an example, since these tissues contain large numbers of cells undergoing apoptosis. Apoptotic cells were quantified and apoptotic indices were calculated by computer‐assisted image analysis following identification of apoptotic cells by morphological analysis, the TUNEL assay, activated caspase‐3 and cleaved CK18 immunohistochemistry. The results indicated that activated caspase‐3 immunohistochemistry was an easy, sensitive, and reliable method for detecting and quantifying apoptosis in this model. An excellent correlation (R = 0.89) between the apoptotic indices obtained using activated caspase‐3 and cleaved CK18 immunostaining was observed. A good correlation (R = 0.75) between the apoptotic indices obtained using activated caspase‐3 immunostaining and the TUNEL assay was also found. Activated caspase‐3 immunohistochemistry is therefore recommended for the detection and quantification of apoptosis in tissue sections. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation and properties of novel polyurethane insulating coatings based on glycerin‐terminated urethane prepolymers and blocked isocyanate
Authors: Yeganeh Hamid , Shamekhi Mohammad Amin 
Published: January 2005

AbstractNovel polyurethane insulating coatings were prepared from the reaction of glycerin‐terminated polyurethane prepolymers (GPUPs) and a blocked isocyanate curing agent (BIC). The GPUPs were prepared from the reaction of one equivalent of polycaprolactone polyol (CAPA 210) with an excess amount of 4,4′‐methylene bis(phenyl isocyanate) (MDI) and subsequent reaction of the NCO‐terminated polyurethane with glycerin. The BIC was prepared from the reaction of trimethylol propane (TMP), toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and N‐methylaniline (NMA). The polyols and curing agent were characterized by conventional methods while the curing condition was optimized via gel content measurements. The curing kinetics of the polyurethane coating were investigated and the kinetic parameters derived. The crosslink densities of the samples were determined via the equilibrium swelling method, using the Flory–Rehner equation. The relationships between the crosslink density and the electrical, physical, mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties of the coatings were also studied. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Computational analysis of 1‐methoxybicyclo[3.2.0]hepta‐3,6‐dien‐2‐one and its enantiomeric separation
Authors: Sohlberg Karl , Chen Yibai 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA theoretical analysis of the primary photochemical products of irradiation of α‐tropolone methyl ether is presented. Through this analysis, the fact that only two of the four possible stereoisomers of the product are experimentally observed may be explained. We also present a computational scheme for identifying the enantiomers separated by chiral gas chromatography. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Involvement of adsorption effects in the TiO2‐sensitized photooxidation rate of benzylic derivatives in CH3CN
Authors: Giacco Tiziana Del , Rol Cesare , Sebastiani Giovanni V. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractCompetitive kinetic experiments in the TiO2‐sensitized photooxidation of some series of differently ring‐substituted benzylic derivatives (ArCHROR′) in aerated and/or deaerated CH3CN and in the presence of Ag2SO4 were carried out. From logkrel vs Ep plots it was hypothesized that a changeover of the electron abstraction site occurs on going from electron‐donating to electron‐withdrawing groups on the ring, from the aromatic moiety to the OCH3 group of benzyl methyl ethers, probably owing to the preferential adsorption of this group on TiO2 with respect to the aromatic ring. This phenomenon is not observed with benzyltrimethylsilanes because the orbital resulting from the overlap between the C— Si bond and the aromatic π system is the only adsorption site. The steric hindrance of an α‐methyl group (in benzylic alcohols) or a tert‐butyl group (in benzyl tert‐butyl ethers) reduces the degree of adsorption but does not influence the shape of the plot because OR′ should still be the preferential adsorption group. This also provides useful information about the surface structure of TiO2 suspended in CH3CN. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Description of covalent bond orders using the charge density topology
Authors: Howard Siân T. , Lamarche Olivier 
Published: January 2005

AbstractHybrid density functional calculations are employed to explore the relationships between covalent bond order, as defined using the atomic overlap matrix (AOM) formalisms developed by Cioslowski, Ángyán and others, and the parameters derived from a topological analysis of the electron density. Relationships are obtained for the specific cases of C—C, C—N, C—O, C—P and C—S bonds. The simple Pauling bond order–bond length relationship describes the data reasonably well in most cases, but the correlations show considerable scatter. Although no single parameter acts as a unified descriptor of bond order for all types of bond, in each case it is possible to find a model which describes the bond order data significantly better than the Pauling model based on bond length. The relationships presented can therefore be utilized to estimate rapidly the covalent part of the bond order from a topological analysis of the charge distribution for very large systems where the AOM‐based methods can become impractical to apply, and for charge density distributions which have been obtained from experiment (e.g. elastic x‐ray scattering). Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Glyphosate‐resistant crops: history, status and future
Authors: Dill Gerald M 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe commercial launch of glyphosate‐resistant soybeans in 1996 signaled the beginning of a new era in weed management in row crops. Today, over 80% of the soybeans grown in the USA are glyphosate resistant. Since that time, many crops have been transformed that have allowed crop applications of many classes of herbicide chemistries. Crops currently under production include maize, soybean, cotton and canola. Transformation technology and selection methods have improved and the rate of development as well as the breadth of crops being considered as commercial targets has increased. On the basis of recent adoption rates by growers around the world, it appears that glyphosate‐resistant crops will continue to grow in number and in hectares planted. However, global public acceptance of biotechnology‐derived products will continue to impact the rate of adoption of this and other new innovations derived from transformation technology. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry