bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visualization techniques for 3D vector fields: an application to electrostatic fields of molecules
Authors: Handa Susumu , Kashiwagi Hiroshi , Takada Toshikazu 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn chemistry, computer graphics is now well established as a tool to interpret simulation results, since molecules are complicated in their structures and mutual interactions. As a probe to study such molecular interactions, electrostatic fields are considered to be useful. However, since they are given as 3D vector fields having cusps in the fields, conventional drawing techniques are not applicable. In this article, two new approaches are presented to visualize the electrostatic fields of molecules. One is an extension of topological skeletons, by which interactions between atoms having opposite charges are expressed, which is not shown with the conventional methods. The other is to define new functions called selective functions to select regions of interest only from the geometrical features of the fields. Furthermore, from the definition of the new functions, mathematical relations between the topological skeletons and selective functions are discussed. An example is presented in applications to chemical reactions to show how the scheme is used. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rapid modeling of animated faces from video
Authors: Liu Zicheng , Zhang Zhengyou , Jacobs Chuck , Cohen Michael 
Published: August 2002

AbstractGenerating realistic 3D human face models and facial animations has been a persistent challenge in computer graphics. We have developed a system that constructs textured 3Dface models from videos with minimal user interaction. Our system takes images andvideo sequences of a face with an ordinary video camera. After five manual clicks ontwo images to tell the system where the eye corners, nose top and mouth corners are, thesystem automatically generates a realistic looking 3D human head model and the constructed model can be animated immediately. A user with a PC and an ordinary camera can use our system to generate his/her face model in a few minutes. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estimation of Doppler spread and signal strength in mobile communications with applications to handoff and adaptive transmission
Authors: Tepedelenlioğlu Cihan , Abdi Ali , Giannakis Georgios B. , Kaveh Mostafa 
Published: August 2002

AbstractEstimation of signal strength, a measure of channel quality, and Doppler spread which is proportional to the mobile speed, are important for handoff algorithms and optimal tuning of system parameters to changing channel conditions in adaptive transmission systems. This paper provides a survey of existing techniques for estimating the statistical parameters of the mobile channel. We discuss the current state of the art in estimation of the received signal strength, mobile velocity, and other related statistical channel parameters, illustrate their performance, and compare existing techniques. The sensitivity of these schemes to modeling error owing to the presence of line of sight, directional reception, and noise is characterized analytically and illustrated by simulations. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Wireless application protocol overview
Authors: Ralph D. , Aghvami H. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWireless application protocol (WAP) is being heralded as the standard for communication of mobile Internet services to smart phone and personal digital assistant devices. The protocol utilises the low bandwidth, short battery power, quality of service and limited display facilities which are characteristic of current types of mobile device. This paper will examine the WAP architecture and the drivers and issues surrounding the development of services for this environment including the requirements for addressing, quality of service, security, billing, interoperability and performance engineering. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ad hoc mobile multicast routing using the concept of long‐lived routes
Authors: Toh C.‐K. , Bunchua S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMobile ad hoc networks are recognized by their abilities to form, sustain, and deform networks on‐the‐fly without the need for any pre‐established and fixed infrastructures. This wireless multi‐hop technology requires adaptive networking protocols with low control overhead and low power consumption to operate efficiently. Existing research so far are mainly concerned with unicast routing for ad hoc mobile networks. There is a growing interest in supporting multicast communication in an ad hoc mobile environment. In this paper, the associativity‐based ad hoc multicast (ABAM) routing protocol is proposed. The concept of association stability is utilized during multicast tree discovery, selection, and reconfiguration. This allows routes that are long‐lived to be selected, thereby reducing the frequency of route reconstructions. ABAM employs a localized route reconstruction strategy in response to migrations by source, receiver, and tree nodes. It can repair an affected subtree via a single route reconstruction operation. ABAM is robust since the repair can be triggered by a node in the tree or by the migrated node itself. ABAM is also capable of handling multicast group dynamics when mobile hosts decide to join and leave an existing multicast group. Our simulation results reveal that under different mobility scenarios and multicast group size, ABAM has low communication overhead and yields better throughput performance. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Load‐balancing channel assignment for dual‐band PCS networks
Authors: Chang Ming‐Feng , Li Long‐Sheng 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper investigates the channel assignment problem of dual‐band PCS systems where single‐band and dual‐band handsets co‐exist. Load‐balancing channel assignment schemes are proposed to improve the system performance. To balance the loads of both bands, the BSC selects a band to serve a call request of a dual‐band handset based on the loads of both bands. In addition, a channel re‐assignment scheme is used to further improve the system capacity. Analytic models and computer simulations have been developed to evaluate the performance of the load‐balancing schemes. The results indicate that both load‐balancing and channel re‐assignment techniques significantly increase the system capacity as the percentage of dual‐band handsets increases. Furthermore, the load‐balancing with channel re‐assignment scheme that combines both techniques achieves the best system performance even when the percentage of dual‐band handset is as low as 25%. In addition, we describe an approach to reduce the signal overhead of the load‐balancing schemes. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A robust µopt‐LMS algorithm for the tracking of fading channels
Authors: Sheikh A. U. H. , Shah S. Faisal A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper presents an application of LMS algorithm with optimum step size (µopt‐LMS) for fading channel estimation. The expression for optimum step size of the LMS algorithm is modified for use in the fading channel estimation problem. The robustness of the proposed µopt‐LMS algorithm is demonstrated via simulation in different channel conditions. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Wind Energy literature survey no.1
Authors: Hird Martin 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn order to help keep readers up‐to‐date in the field, Wind Energy contains a list of recently published articles drawn from issues of the following periodicals: IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology, International Journal of Energy Research, Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Journal and Transactions of the ASME: Journal of Dynamic Systems Measurement and Control. The list is arranged alphabetically by author. Compiled by Martin Hird, UMIST, PO Box 88, Manchester, M60 1QD, UK. Please e‐mail any suggestions to martin.hird@stud.umist.ac.ukmartin.hird@stud.umist.ac.uk. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of genes that are synthetically lethal with ade3 or leu2 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Nigavekar Shraddha S. , Cannon John F. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCombinations of two non‐lethal mutations that result in cell death are synthetically lethal. Such a genetic relationship suggests a functional interaction between the corresponding gene products. Frequently, an ade2 ade3 colony‐sectoring assay is used to screen for synthetic lethal mutants. In these screens, mutants are sought that fail to lose a plasmid that bears a gene of interest. However, a subset of mutants is often found that is dependent on plasmid components other than the target gene. To understand the mechanism of this dependence, we characterized those mutants that, although prevalent in most mutant hunts, are usually discarded. Using a LEU2–ADE3 plasmid, plasmid‐dependent mutations were found in the SHM2, PTR3, BAP2 and SSY1 genes. Double shm2 ade3 mutants are non‐viable because the two pathways for tetrahydrofolate synthesis are blocked. Mutations in PTR3, BAP2 and SSY1 disrupt sensing and transport of extracellular leucine. Therefore, ptr3, bap2 or ssy1 mutants must be leucine prototrophs to grow on rich media. In light of these findings, we propose modifications that should improve the efficiency of synthetic lethal screening procedures. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Risk Factors and True Incidence of Pouchitis in Patients after Ileal Pouch–Anal Anastomoses
Authors: Simchuk Erik J. , Thirlby Richard C. 
Published: August 2002

Abstract.Total colectomy, mucosal proctectomy, and ileal J pouch–anal anastomosis (IPAA) has become the procedure of choice for patients with ulcerative colitis and familial adenomatous polyposis. The purpose of this study was to determine the short‐ and long‐term outcomes of patients undergoing IPAA by a single surgeon, correlating intraoperative technical aspects with outcomes, and to characterize better the clinical syndrome of pouchitis. A retrospective review was performed of 114 consecutive patients who underwent IPAA by a single surgeon between December 1987 and August 1996. Clinical follow‐up and operative notes were reviewed, and patient questionnaires were obtained for all patients. The mean follow‐up was 3 years (range 0.5–8.0 years). The average age of the patients was 39 years (range 16–72 years). There were 64 males and 50 females. Indications for operation were ulcerative colitis (n= 101) and familial polyposis coli (n= 13). Long‐term morbidity occurred in 41% of patients (small bowel obstruction 10%, anastomotic stricture 9%). Pouch excision was required in only three patients. Stool frequency (mean ± SE) was 6.1 ± 0.2 and did not change with duration of follow‐up. Only 7% of patients reported fecal soilage. The incidence of pouchitis was 59% (n= 67), with 4.2 ± 0.3 episodes of pouchitis per patient. Using multivariate analysis, the factors significantly associated with the incidence of pouchitis were gender (p= 0.008) and duration of follow‐up (p= 0.02). A total of 37 of 50 women (74%) but only 30 of 64 men (47%) developed pouchitis. The incidence of pouchitis increased with the duration of follow‐up. The incidences of pouchitis in patients followed for 6 months, 1 year, and 3 years were 25%, 37%, and 50%, respectively. Of patients followed more than 6 years, the incidence of pouchitis was 94% (15/16). There was not a significant correlation between anastomotic tension or the extent of arterial dissection of the ileal mesentery required to achieve IPAA and the incidence of pouchitis. The best antibiotics for pouchitis were metronidazole (54% of patients) and ciprofloxacin (37%). Eleven patients have required nearly continuous antibiotics. Patient satisfaction with the outcome is high, with a mean satisfaction of 8.4 (0, dissatisfied; 10, extremely satisfied). This review demonstrates a high incidence of pouchitis in patients after IPAA, which is due to the more liberal definition of the syndrome and the complete follow‐up achieved in this report compared to previous series. This study also is unique in identifying the significantly higher incidence of pouchitis in women, although the overall satisfaction with the clinical outcome in patients undergoing IPAA remains high.
Surgery for Graves' Disease: Total versus Subtotal Thyroidectomy—Results of a Prospective Randomized Trial
Authors: Witte Jürgen , Goretzki Peter E. , Dotzenrath Cornelia , Simon Dietmar , Felis Petra , Neubauer Mareike , Röher Hans D. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe effect of surgery on Graves' orbitopathy (GO) is still controversial. Retrospective analyses of many authors (including our own group) demonstrated GO improvement after subtotal thyroid resection in up to 70% of operated patients, so the question arose whether total thyroidectomy could add anything to this pronounced positive effect on GO. We therefore performed a prospective randomized trial on 150 patients with Graves' disease (125 women, 25 men; mean thyroid volume 80.5 ml) comparing three surgical procedures (bilateral subtotal thyroid resection—total remnant < 4 ml; unilateral hemithyroidectomy with contralateral subtotal thyroid resection—remnant < 4 ml; total thyroidectomy) and their effect on postoperative GO changes, postoperative thyroid‐stimulating hormone receptor (TSH‐R) antibody titers, and postoperative complication rates. After a period of at least 6 months (6–36 months) GO had improved in 71% to 74% of all patients regardless of whether total or subtotal thyroidectomy was performed. TSH‐R antibody titers showed no differences for the three surgical groups. Postoperative recurrent hyperthyroidism occurred in two patients with subtotal resections, and early postoperative hypoparathyroidism was more frequently detected in patients with total thyroidectomy than in those with subtotal thyroid resection (28% vs. 12%; p < 0.002). In respect to possible postoperative hypoparathyroidism and a lack of difference in postoperative GO changes, we do not advocate total thyroidectomy for patients with Graves' disease and Graves' orbitopathy but prefer radical subtotal thyroid resection with a remnant of less than 4 ml.
Surgical Treatment of Chest Wall Tumors
Authors: Incarbone Matteo , Pastorino Ugo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractChest wall tumors have long represented challenging clinical entities for surgeons. Until recently, incorrect diagnosis, incomplete resection, or inability to perform successful reconstruction of large thoracic wall defects led to high rates of perioperative morbidity and mortality. The latter were primarily associated with infections of the pleural cavity, respiratory failure, and paradoxical breathing. The long‐term prognosis was also poor owing to a high percentage of local relapse. During the same operating procedure wide resection and reconstruction of the thoracic wall are performed successfully. Improvement of the prognosis reported in large series of patients with resection leads to surgical treatment being considered the best option for primary tumors and for selected secondary tumors of the chest wall. Because positive margins are the most important risk factor for local recurrence, adequate margins of healthy tissue surrounding the tumors have a considerable impact on disease‐free and overall survival. Involvement of ribs, sternum, superior sulcus, or spine is not considered a technical limitation to surgical resection. Nowadays correct management cannot be precluded by tumor size, site, or contiguous structure involvement because concurrent reconstruction with prosthetic materials and myocutaneous flaps is feasible. Surgery provides the best chance of cure in patients with chest wall tumors. Therefore the surgical strategy must be based on the features of the individual’s disease.
Metabolism of Sepsis and Multiple Organ Failure
Authors: Michie Hamish R. 
Published: August 2002

Abstract“Septic autocannabalism” been coined to describe the metabolic response that follows severe sepsis in humans. The normal protein‐ and energy‐conserving mechanisms evoked during simple starvation are not observed following the onset of sepsis. The metabolic response to sepsis entails rapid breakdown of the body’s reserves of protein, carbohydrate, and fat. Hyperglycemia with insulin resistance, profound negative nitrogen balance, and diversion of protein from skeletal muscle to splanchnic tissues are prominent features. These responses are believed to be mediated in large part by inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin 1β (IL‐1β), and IL‐6. Secondary induction of catecholamines, cortisol, and glucagon by cytokines is likely to be another important effector mechanism. Infection and inflammation elicit a complex network of interwoven responses, and no single mediator alone accounts for the responses observed. Sepsis also commonly involves alterations in cardiovascular function with altered flow to key metabolic sites, hypoxia, damage to the gut’s mucosal barrier, secondary organ failure, and alterations in capillary permeability. These structural and functional alterations also strongly influence the metabolic profile during infection. If these catabolic responses persist for more than a few days, severe malnutrition results and is likely to be an important risk factor for mortality in these patients. The altered metabolic milieu during sepsis prevents effective use of exogeneously delivered glucose and protein; at best, administration of these agents ameliorates but does not prevent the persistence of catabolism. Delivery of agents that antagonize cytokines and other moieties such as glutamine and growth hormone may, in the future, help to restore nitrogen balance during sepsis.
Application of Formaldehyde for Treatment of Hemorrhagic Radiation‐Induced Proctitis
Authors: Roche B. , Chautems R. , Marti M.C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractRadiation‐induced proctitis with hemorrhage is not a common complication of radiotherapy to the pelvis for carcinoma. In the most severe forms, massive hemorrhage may necessitate repeated transfusions and inpatient treatment. In severe cases medical treatment has not been proved effective. Surgery may lead to serious complications and is technically difficult. Six patients who showed a hemorrhagic radiation‐induced proctitis have been treated as outpatients with application of formaldehyde 4%. In four cases the bleeding ceased after the first formaldehyde application; two patients continued to bleed, but another application of formaldehyde 3 weeks later definitively controlled the hemorrhage. Follow‐up evaluation at 12 months showed in each case that the hemorrhage was controlled and treated. There were no complications, such as burns or late stenoses of the deep layers of the rectum. This inexpensive technique is well tolerated by the patient, gives good long‐term results, and is available at every hospital. Local application of formaldehyde 4% to the rectum may be the treatment of choice for hemorrhagic radiation‐induced proctitis.
Incisional Hernia Recurrence following “Vest‐Over‐Pants” or Vertical Mayo Repair of Primary Hernias of the Midline
Authors: Luijendijk Roland W. , Lemmen Margot H.M. , Hop Wim C.J. , Wereldsma Jack C.J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA series of 68 primary midline incisional hernias with a vertical Mayo repair was evaluated retrospectively. Patients without documented hernia recurrence following this repair were invited for physical examination. Life‐table methods were used for statistical analysis. The 1‐, 3‐, 5‐, and 10‐year cumulative recurrence rates were 35%, 46%, 48%, and 54%, respectively. Also, generally accepted risk factors were studied. Multivariate analysis identified the size of the hernia (p= 0.02) and the use of steroids (p= 0.04) as the most important independent risk factors of first time recurrent incisional hernia. Considering the high recurrence rates found, the results of this study strongly suggest that the vest‐over‐pants repair should no longer be used for closure of midline incisional hernias.
Antibiotic Therapy for Abdominal Infection
Authors: Bohnen John M.A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAbdominal infections are treated by resuscitation, abdominal drainage, control of the source of infection, and antimicrobial agents. Ideally, antimicrobial therapy is active against expected pathogens, safe and effective in clinical trials, inexpensive, and unlikely to promote drug resistance. Numerous single‐agent and combination‐drug regimens have been efficacious in clinical trials, based on coverage of Escherichia coli andBacteroides species, the predominant pathogens isolated. Whether expanded antimicrobial coverage is required, especially in hospital‐acquired infections, is controversial. Candidainfections should be treated with antifungal therapy in patients with recurrent abdominal infections, immunosuppressed patients, and those with candidal abscesses. Most agents have few serious adverse effects; aminoglycosides are the least expensive agents but cause nephro‐ and ototoxicity. There is little information on the promotion of drug resistance in this condition. Recent developments include the introduction of ticarcillin/clavulanic acid, ampicillin/sulbactam, piperacillin/tazobactam, meropenem, aztreonam/clindamycin, and ciprofloxacin/metronidazole; success with once‐daily aminoglycosides; evidence that antibiotics limit infectious complications of pancreatitis; controversy over the value of diagnostic cultures; the use of oral therapy; evidence in favor of shorter courses of treatment; and the introduction of pharmacoeconomic studies. Clinical investigators are challenged to improve drug trials by stratifying and controlling for the adequacy of surgical intervention.
Experimental Studies on the Effect of Lidocaine on Wound Healing
Authors: Drucker Monica , Cardenas Eduardo , Arizti Pablo , Valenzuela Arturo , Gamboa Armando 
Published: August 2002

AbstractLocal anesthetics have several effects on wound healing. In experimental studies, procaine at high concentrations has been proved to retard healing in surgical wounds by diminishing the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides and hence probably collagen. Other studies have shown that lidocaine and bupivacaine inhibit collagen synthesis in fibroblast tissue cultures in rats. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of lidocaine on wound healing. An experimental, prospective, comparative, crossover and double‐blind study was designed. Forty male guinea pigs, weighing 300 to 600 g, were randomly assigned to two groups. In control group A (20 animals), skin and subcutaneous tissue in a clean wound were incised and infiltrated with regular saline solution; in group B 20 animals were infiltrated with 1% lidocaine. All animals were sacrificed on day 8 and evaluated for breaking strength, number of collagen fibers by morphometry, and histologic examination of collagenization, edema, vascularity, and presence of acute and chronic inflammatory cells. The histopathologic appearance of tissues infiltrated with lidocaine did not vary consistently in relation to collagenization, edema, or acute and chronic inflammatory processes. The mean breaking strength between both groups was not statistically significant (p= 0.120). Important statistical differences were observed in vascularity (p < 0.003) and morphometric results (p < 0.001), where collagen was found in small amounts in the lidocaine group. The results of this study suggest that local infiltration of lidocaine produces significant histopathologic changes, but it does not substantially alter wound healing as there were no differences in the breaking strength of the wounds.