bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of distributed bioinformatics applications with GMP
Authors: Schmidt Bertil , Feng Lin , Laud Amey , Santoso Yusdi 
Published: July 2004

AbstractWe present the design and use of gMP as a tool for developing distributed bioinformatics applications. gMP is a purely Java‐based interface that adds MPI‐like message‐passing and collective communication to the genomics Research Network Architecture (gRNA). The gRNA is a highly programmable, modular environment specifically designed to invigorate the development of genome‐centric tools for life science research. We demonstrate the development of a distributed application to detect regulatory elements using correlation with gene expression data. Its implementation with gMP leads to significant runtime savings on our distributed gRNA system. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Crystallization kinetics of ZnS precipitation; an experimental study using the mixed‐suspension‐mixed‐product‐removal (MSMPR) method
Authors: Al‐Tarazi Mousa , Heesink A. Bert M. , Azzam Mohammed O. J. , Yahya Salah Abu , Versteeg Geert F. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe precipitation kinetics of zinc sulfide were studied using a lab scale mixed‐suspension‐mixed‐product‐removal (MSMPR) precipitation reactor. The vessel was operated at different feed concentrations, molar ratios, stirrer speeds, pH‐values, feed injection positions and residence times. Primary nucleation and volume average crystal growth rates as well as agglomeration kernel were determined. Relationships were found between the rates of the different crystallization steps on the one hand and supersaturation, stirrer speeds, pH‐values, Zn2+ to S2‐ ratio, feed positions on the other. These show that larger crystals are obtained at high supersaturation, moderate stirrer speeds, small residence times, a pH‐value of around 5 and high Zn2+ to S2‐ ratios. One should realize though that the applied MSMPR method is not the most optimal technique for examining fast precipitation reactions. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Growth and characterization of La3Ga5.5Ta0.5O14 crystal
Authors: Kong Haikuan , Wang Jiyang , Zhang Huaijin , Yin Xin , Cheng Xiufeng , Lin Yanting , Hu Xiaobo , Xu Xiangang , Jiang Minhua 
Published: July 2004

AbstractLa3Ga5.5Ta0.5O14 (LGT) crystal was grown by using the Czochralski method. The as‐grown crystal is transparent, free from inclusions and with no cracks. Specific heat, thermal expansion, dielectric constants, transmission spectrum and optical damage threshold of LGT have been measured, and the results show general properties of LGT are similar to that of La3Ga5SiO14 (LGS) crystal. The experiment to research the Q‐switch properties of LGT has been performed and the results show LGT possesses smaller electrooptic coefficients than that of LGS and may not be an ideal material used as a Q‐switch. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A novel way of modifying the thermal gradient in Vertical Bridgman‐Stockbarger Technique and studies on its effect on the growth of benzophenone single crystals
Authors: Arivanandhan M. , Sankaranarayanan K. , Ramamoorthy K. , Sanjeeviraja C. , Ramasamy P. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractIn order to grow benzophenone single crystal, an organic nonlinear optical material, a cost‐effective Vertical Bridgman‐Stockbarger system has been designed and fabricated by employing a two‐zone, transparent furnace made out of immiscible liquids. Transparent, optical quality benzophenone single crystals were successfully grown as a result of a suitable thermal gradient achieved by means of introducing an intermediate liquid in between the two immiscible liquids. The effect of change in the volume of the intermediate liquid thereby the thermal gradient on the growth parameters was analyzed. The quality of the grown single crystal was justified using X‐ray powder diffraction analysis, FTIR, TG‐DTA and optical transmission studies. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Growth of calcium oxalate monohydrate on uric acid crystals at sustained supersaturation
Authors: Bouropoulos C. , Vagenas N. , Klepetsanis P. , Stavropoulos N. , Bouropoulos N. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe effect of uric acid seeds on calcium oxalate formation was studied at pH 4.50 and 37 °C using a system providing constant supersaturation with respect to calcium oxalate and saturated in uric acid. In all cases the only solid‐phase forming was identified as calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM). Kinetic analysis of the initial rates showed that they were proportional with the relative supersaturation with respect to calcium oxalate monohydrate. The linear dependence of the rate of precipitation of COM on uric acid suggested that growth is mediated through a surface diffusion controlled mechanism. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Growth morphology of {100} faces of L‐Arginine phosphate monohydrate single crystals investigated by atomic force microscopy
Authors: Geng Y. L. , Xu D. , Sun D. L. , Zhang G. H. , Du W. , Liu H. Y. , Wang X. Q. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractMorphology of the {100} faces of L‐arginine phosphate monohydrate (LAP) single crystal grown at 25 °C at a supersaturation of 0.32 has been discussed. The rectangular dislocation growth hillocks elongate along the b direction, which manifests the fast growth due to the strong Period Bond Chain (PBC) bonds along this direction. Apart from that, the growth hillocks are consistent with the macro‐morphology of the crystal grown at the pH value of about 4.2. The lopsided shapes of the hillocks result from step bunching. Triangular pits are assumed to form during the process of the steps getting across the impurities. The hollow cavities existing on the growth hillocks also elongate along the b direction and they can lead to the formation of other defects such as dislocations. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Measurements of solution heat and fusion heat of lithium formate monohydrate (HCOOLi·H2O) crystals
Authors: Yan Wang , Xi‐Ling Yu , Jing Su , Xiu‐Feng Cheng , Shao‐Tang Yin 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe solubility curve of Lithium Formate Monohydrate (LFM) crystal was measured using laser schlieren technique in 300‐320 K. According to the effects of temperature to solubility, solution heat of LFM crystal was calculated. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis of LFM was performed in the temperature range of 300‐500 K. Endothermic peaks of the DSC curve of LFM crystal were assigned, and fusion heat and hydration activation energy of LFM were calculated. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Physicochemical properties of the organometallic nonlinear optical crystal: MnHg(SCN)4(C3H8O2)
Authors: Wang X. Q. , Xu D. , Chow Y. T. , Cheng X. F. , Liu W. L. , Yu W. T. , Zhang G. H. , Ren Q. , Lü M. K. , Yuan D. R. , Zhao S. R. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe growth morphology of MMTG (manganese mercury thiocyanate glycol monomethyl ether, MnHg(SCN)4(C3H8O2)) crystal was indexed according to the X‐ray powder diffraction spectroscopy. The density and Mohs hardness were determined at room temperature. The specific heat of the crystal is 458.6 J.mol‐1K‐1 at 300 K. The thermal expansion coefficient (TEC) along the a, b and c axis is a1=6.89 × 10‐5 K‐1, a2=6.78 × 10‐5 K‐1 and a3=2.08 × 10‐5 K‐1, respectively. The sameness and difference of the TECs are interpreted on the basis of crystal structure. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Structure types – a review
Authors: Hauck J. , Mika K. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractStructures of binary inorganic AxBy compounds with A and B on two Wyckoff positions are characterized by the self‐coordination numbers Ti, i = 1–3, of A and B atoms. The T1 = 0–12 values of 122 structure types can be correlated with different topologies, A–A interactions and densities. High T1 values like T1 = 12 are obtained for fcc or hcp sphere packing with maximum density of A atoms and interstitial B atoms. Hexagonal or tetragonal layered compounds are recognized by the Ti values 6 6 6 or 4 4 4. The T1 = 2 values are found for chains, T1= 1 for ordered molecules like N2 or Br2. The A and B atoms of few compounds like NaCl or CsCl form a pc or bcc sphere packing. The T1 = 0 values of Na or Cs atoms indicate repulsive Na–Na or Cs–Cs interactions. Distorted structures of a structure type are recognized, if atoms with slightly different A–A or B–B distances are included in the proper coordination shells. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Heterobimetallic Complexes Based on [(Tp)Fe(CN)3]−: Syntheses, Crystal Structures and Magnetic Properties
Authors: Wang Shi , Zuo Jing‐Lin , Zhou Hong‐Cai , Song You , Gao Song , You Xiao‐Zeng 
Published: July 2004

AbstractWith the anionic precursor [(Tp)FeIII(CN)3]− [1; Tp: hydrotris(pyrazolyl)borate] as a building block, two trinuclear complexes, [(Tp)2FeIII2(CN)6Mn(CH3OH)4]·2CH3OH (2), [(Tp)2FeIII2(CN)6Ni(cyclam)]·2H2O (3; cyclam: 1,4,8,11‐tetraazacyclotetradecane) and a one‐dimensional polymer, [(Tp)FeIII(CN)3Cu(dien)]ClO4·H2O (4; dien: diethylenetriamine), have been synthesized and structurally characterized. In complex 2, each of the two [(Tp)Fe(CN)3]− units binds through one of its three cyanide groups to a central [Mn(CH3OH)4]2+ core. In complex 4, a zigzag chain is formed by combining [TpFe(CN)3]− and [Cu(dien)]2+ fragments alternately through cyano bridges. The magnetic properties of complexes 2−4 have been investigated in the temperature range 2−300 K. A weak antiferromagnetic interaction between the MnII and FeIII ions has been found in complex 2. The magnetic data of 2 can be fitted with the isotropic Hamiltonian Ĥ = −2J(Ŝ1·Ŝ2 + Ŝ2·Ŝ3) − 2J′Ŝ1·Ŝ3, where J and J′ are the intramolecular exchange coupling parameters between adjacent and peripheral spin carriers, respectively. This leads to values of J = −2.19 cm−1 and g = 2.13. The same fitting method was applied to complex 3 to give values of J = 17.2 cm−1 and g = 2.37, showing that there is a ferromagnetic interaction between the FeIII and NiII ions. The 1‐D chain of 4 is treated as alternating uniform Fe−Cu dimers with different intradimeric (Jd) and interdimeric (Jc) exchange constants, leading to Jd = 10.9 cm−1, Jc = 1.29 cm−1 and g = 2.54. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
An Easy Route to Monofunctionalized Organoimido Derivatives of the Lindqvist Hexamolybdate
Authors: Wu Pingfan , Li Qiang , Ge Ning , Wei Yongge , Wang Yuan , Wang Ping , Guo Hongyou 
Published: July 2004

AbstractIn the presence of a carbodiimide (DCC) a proton can dramatically speed up the reaction of α‐[Mo8O26]4− with aromatic amines under mild conditions and convenient bench manipulations, which results in the easy synthesis of monofunctionalized organoimido derivatives of [Mo6O19]2− even bearing an electron‐withdrawing group such as bromo or chloro groups. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Tin(II) and Lead(II) 4‐Acyl‐5‐pyrazolonates: Synthesis, Spectroscopic and X‐ray Structural Characterization
Authors: Pettinari Claudio , Marchetti Fabio , Pettinari Riccardo , Cingolani Augusto , Rivarola Eleonora , Phillips Christine , Tanski Joseph , Rossi Miriam , Caruso Francesco 
Published: July 2004

AbstractNovel tin(II) β‐diketonate Sn(Q)2 complexes [HQ = 1‐R1‐3‐R3‐4‐R4(C=O)‐pyrazol‐5‐one; HQC: R1 = Ph, R3 = Me, R4 = Cy; HQS: R1 = Ph, R3 = Me, R4 = CHPh2; HQL: R1 = Ph, R3 = Me, R4 = CH2Ph; HQT: R1 = Ph, R3 = Me, R4 = CH2tBu; HQE: R1 = Ph, R3 = Me, R4 = Et; HQB: R1 = Ph, R3 = Me, R4 = tBu; HQW: R1 = Ph, R3 = Me, R4 = p‐(tBu)Ph; HQR: R1 = Ph, R3 = Me, R4 = p‐[(CH2)5CH3]Ph; HQN: R1 = p‐NO2Ph, R3 = Me, R4 = Ph; HQM: R1 = Me, R3 = Me, R4 = Ph; HQD: R1 = Me, R3 = Me, R4 = Me; HQP: R1 = Ph, R3 = Ph, R4 = Ph; HQG: R1 = Ph, R3 = Ph, R4 = Me; HQF: R1 = p‐CF3Ph, R3 = Me, R4 = Ph; HQH: R1 = p‐CF3Ph, R3 = Me, R4 = Me] have been isolated and characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analyses, IR, 1H, 13C, 119Sn NMR and 119Sn Mössbauer spectroscopy, ESI mass spectrometry, conductivity and molecular weight measurements. The tin complexes SnQ2 are air‐stable, contrary to equivalent compounds of classical β‐diketones, and adopt mononuclear pseudo‐trigonal‐bipyramidal structures (pSnO4, where p is a stereochemically active lone electron pair) in which both ligands chelate a single metal center, as confirmed in the X‐ray crystal structure of Sn(QL)2. This structure fits a trend for all “SnO4” compounds: Sn−O(primary) and Sn−O(secondary) bonds are associated with small O(primary)−Sn−O(primary) and wide O(secondary)−Sn−O(secondary) bond angles. The reactivity of Sn(QT)2 toward RI (R = Me or Et) and CrCO6 has been investigated. The compounds PbQ2 (HQ = HQT, HQB, HQW, HQD) have been also synthesized and the X‐ray structures of Pb(QB)2 and Pb(QT)2 in the solid state determined. These are different from SnQ2 and are composed of “PbO4” moieties with additional interactions from neighboring units to produce polymeric forms. Compound Pb(QT)2 is unusual in having the metal−O(pyrazolonato) bond longer than the metal−O(acyl) one, probably due to a Pb−arene interaction with a neighboring phenyl ring. The sterically less hindered Pb(QD)2 reacts with phen (1,10‐phenanthroline) yielding the mixed ligand complex [Pb(QD)2(phen)]. In this work, in addition to the different coordination numbers expressed by Sn and Pb, associated with the larger covalent radius of the latter, the binding mode of 4‐acyl‐5‐pyrazolonates to Pb is syn whereas for Sn it is anti. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Solvothermal Synthesis of Paramagnetic Molecular Clusters
Authors: Laye Rebecca H. , McInnes Eric J.L. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractA brief overview is given of the literature of the use of solvothermal techniques − chemistry in superheated solvents − towards paramagnetic cluster synthesis. Although these techniques have been used extensively to prepare infinite lattice magnetic materials, there is much less work on preparing discrete molecular clusters other than the polyoxovanadates and ‐molybdates. This microreview details some of our early success in using these techniques towards high‐nuclearity vanadium(III), chromium(III), manganese(II/III), iron(III) and nickel(II) clusters, including some very high spin ground state clusters (S ⩽ 25), and therefore demonstrates the potential in the synthesis of molecular materials such as single‐molecule magnets. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Cover Picture: [1,2]‐Rearrangement of Imino‐N‐heterocyclic Carbenes − Synthesis and Structures of Chelating Iminoimidazole Pd and Ni Complexes (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 14/2004)
Authors: Steiner Georg , Krajete Alexander , Kopacka Holger , Ongania Karl‐Hans , Wurst Klaus , Preishuber‐Pflügl Peter , Bildstein Benno 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe cover picture shows the rearrangement of N‐imidoyl‐N‐heterocyclic carbenes as well as a crystal structures of a palladium complex of a derivative of one of the rearranged carbene ligands. This work was supported by the polymer laboratory of BASF AG, Ludwigshafen, Germany, in search of new imino‐N‐heterocyclic carbene late transition metal complexes as novel polymerization catalysts. Details are discussed in the article by B. Bildstein et al. on p. 2827 ff.
Glucose Measurement Using an Enzymatic Oscillatory Reaction
Authors: Sasaki Satoshi , Uchida Takashi , Nakano Daisuke , Hideshima Taketoshi 
Published: July 2004

AbstractIn biological systems, oscillatory reactions are often found. These reactions, so‐called biological oscillators, have a characteristic oscillation period ranging from seconds to years [1]. For the oscillation in which an enzyme is involved, the reaction has been studied both experimentally [2–5] and theoretically [6–10]. In many cases, temperature control, stirring, or continuous flow of the reactant is necessary to observe continuous oscillation. No trial has been made yet to control the oscillation period or waveform. Here, we report an enzymatic oscillation reaction using catalase and glucose oxidase in which the oscillation period and waveform can be changed by the addition of glucose. We achieved good reproducibility with an oscillation period and waveform change that was sufficient to be applied to the glucose quantification. The effect of coexisting chemicals such as ascorbic acid, urea, or acetamidophenol on the oscillation is examined.
Cathodic Electrochemical Detection of Nitrophenols at a Bismuth Film Electrode for Use in Flow Analysis
Authors: Hutton Emily A. , Ogorevc Božidar , Smyth Malcolm R. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe bismuth film electrode (BiFE) is presented for use in both batch voltammetric and flow injection (FI) amperometric detection of some nitrophenols (2‐nitrophenol, 2‐NP; 4‐nitrophenol, 4‐NP; 2,4‐dinitrophenol, 2,4‐DNP). The bismuth film was deposited ex situ (batch measurements) and in‐line (FI) onto a glassy carbon substrate electrode. Batch analysis of the nitrophenols was carried out in 0.04 M Britton Robinson (BR) buffer pH 4, while for FI measurements, a carrier/electrolyte solution composed of 0.1 M BR buffer pH 4 mixed with methanol (20+80, v/v%) was employed to resemble media used in preconcentration/clean‐up and flow separation sample pretreatment procedures. Under batch conditions, the voltammetric behavior of the nitrophenols was examined for dependence on medium pH in the range of 2 to 10. Employing the square‐wave voltammetry mode, the limits of detection were 0.4 μg L−1, 1.4 μg L−1, and 3.3 μg L−1 for 2‐NP, 4‐NP, and 2,4‐DNP, respectively. Under flow conditions, a simple in‐line electrochemical bismuth film renewal procedure was tested and shown to provide very good inter‐ and intra‐electrode reproducibility of the current signals at low μg L−1 analyte concentrations. The limits of detection for 2‐NP, 4‐NP and 2,4‐DNP obtained using FI and amperometric detection at −1.0 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) were 0.3 μg L−1, 0.6 μg L−1 and 0.7 μg L−1, respectively, with linear ranges extending up to 20 μg L−1. The attractive performance of the BiFE under flow analysis conditions offers great promise with respect to its detection capability and to its use for a prolonged period of time with no need for inconvenient removal of the electrode from the system for mechanical surface treatment.
A Lactulose Bienzyme Biosensor Based on Self‐Assembled Monolayer Modified Electrodes
Authors: Campuzano Susana , Pedrero María , de Villena F. Javier Manuel , Pingarrón José M. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractA bienzyme biosensor in which the enzymes β‐galactosidase (β‐Gal), fructose dehydrogenase (FDH), and the mediator tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) were coimmobilized by cross‐linking with glutaraldehyde atop a 3‐mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) self‐assembled monolayer on a gold disk electrode, is reported. The working conditions selected were Eapp=+0.10 V and (25±1) °C. The useful lifetime of one single TTF‐β‐Gal‐FDH‐MPA‐AuE was surprisingly long, 81 days. A linear calibration plot was obtained for lactulose over the 3.0×10−5–1.0×10−3 mol L−1 concentration range, with a limit of detection of 9.6×10−6 mol L−1. The effect of potential interferents (lactose, glucose, galactose, sucrose, and ascorbic acid) on the biosensor response was evaluated. The behavior of the SAM‐based biosensor in flow‐injection systems in connection with amperometric detection was tested. The analytical usefulness of the biosensor was evaluated by determining lactulose in a pharmaceutical preparation containing a high lactulose concentration, and in different types of milk. Finally, the analytical characteristics of the TTF‐β‐Gal‐FDH‐MPA‐AuE are critically compared with those reported for other recent enzymatic determinations of lactulose.
Statistical analysis of vegetation incidence on contamination of soils by heavy metals (Pb, Ni and Zn) in the vicinity of an iron steel industrial plant in Algeria
Authors: Kadem D. E. D. , Rached O. , Krika A. , Gheribi‐Aoulmi Z. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractIn order to determine the effect of vegetation on soil contamination by fallout of heavy metals (lead (Pb), nickel (Ni) and zinc (Zn)), ten sites were randomly selected, within a wooded zone in the vicinity of an iron steel industrial plant (El Hadjar, Algeria). On each site, average samples of soils were taken, on two plots, under two Mediterranean tree species (olive tree (Olea europea) and mastic tree (Pistacia lentiscus)) and between those, under naked ground, at two depths. Leaves of the same trees were also the object of average sampling.Pb, Ni and Zn were measured, by a flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer, in washed and unwashed leaves, and in total and soluble extracts of soils, which were also the object of organic matter (OM), pH and cation exchange capacity (CEC) analysis.Significant differences were noted between Pb, Ni and Zn washed leaves contents, and those of unwashed leaves, suggesting an atmospheric contamination source, apparently industrial.Pearson correlation coefficients indicate that total Pb and total Zn soil contents are significantly and positively related to pH and to OM, and that soluble Ni is significantly and negatively related to pH.Analyses of variance (ANOVA) reveals: station effect, for all the variables, except for CEC; species effect, for pH, OM, total Pb, total Zn and soluble Ni; depth effect only for OM; and Interactions between stations and species only for OM, total Pb and soluble Ni.The classification of averages by Scheffé's test shows that the differences between the stations are important only for Ni and pH. This result indicates that the studied area presents little heterogeneity, from the point of view of the majority of the studied variables.Significant differences between soils under vegetation and those under naked grounds have been found for total Pb, total Zn, soluble Ni, OM contents and pH. The differences are more important between the olive tree and naked ground than between the mastic tree and naked ground, especially for pH, total Zn and soluble Ni.The results show that vegetation, by its protective effect on the soil and by the rates of OM, would support retention of metal elements in the soil, thus decreasing their mobility and then their biodisponibility and their migration towards deeper layers of the soils and the groundwater, or laterally towards other zones, in particular to the surface water. It thus reduces the risk of transfer of heavy metals toward the human being and therefore its toxification.So, the existence of a natural vegetable cover, in areas presenting an atmospheric source of contamination by heavy metals, would thus have, in an indirect way, a protective effect not only on the environment but also on population health and thus on quality of life (QoL). In that case, the olive tree seems more efficient than the mastic tree. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.