bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peer-Related Correlates of e-Cigarette Use in Australian Adolescents: a Cross-sectional Examination
Authors: Hunter Emily , Gardner Lauren A. , O’Dean Siobhan , Newton Nicola C. , Thornton Louise , Rowe Amy-Leigh , Slade Tim , McBride Nyanda , Devine Emma K. , Egan Lyra , Teesson Maree , Champion Katrina E. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
This study examined cross-sectional associations between e-cigarette use and (i) perceived peer use of e-cigarettes and (ii) bullying (perpetration and/or victimisation) in Australian adolescents.

Methods
Data were collected in 2022 as part of a cluster randomised controlled trial. Logistic regressions examined associations between e-cigarette use (ever use) and the perceived proportion of friends who use e-cigarettes, bullying victimisation, bullying perpetration and “bully-victim” status (i.e. having perpetrated and been bullied).

Results
The sample comprised 4204 participants (Mage = 15.70, SD = 0.60). Perceived peer e-cigarette use (OR = 2.59, 95% CI = 2.42, 2.77 p < .001), bullying victimisation (OR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.08, 1.46, p = .004), bullying perpetration (OR = 3.00, 95% CI = 2.45, 3.66, p < .001) and being a “bully-victim” (OR = 2.58, 95% CI = 2.06, 3.24, p < .001) were associated with increased odds of ever having used an e-cigarette.

Conclusions
While further longitudinal research is required, results suggest that future prevention efforts for adolescent e-cigarette use could target peer-related factors, such as perceived peer use and bullying.
Die Milieukoalition des Rechtspopulismus. Kombinationen politischer Einstellungen innerhalb des potenziellen Elektorats der AfD
Authors: Buchmayr Florian 
Published: November 2023

ZusammenfassungObwohl in den letzten Jahren viel zu den Charakteristika des AfD-Elektorats geforscht wurde, gibt es bisher nur wenige Erkenntnisse darüber, inwiefern unterschiedliche soziale Gruppen und Milieus aus jeweils unterschiedlichen Motiven zur AfD neigen. Da es der AfD erfolgreich gelingt, sowohl Angehörige der Arbeiterklasse als auch Teile der Mittelklasse für sich zu mobilisieren, stellt sich die Frage, wie diese Koalition an AfD-Sympathisantinnen aus unterschiedlichen Klassenlagen zustande kommt und erklärt werden kann. In dem Beitrag wird mit Daten des ALLBUS 2018 untersucht, inwiefern sich die AfD-freundlichen Milieus innerhalb der Arbeiter- und der Mittelklasse in ihren Einstellungsprofilen zu vier politischen Konfliktdimensionen (Umverteilung, Migration, individuelle Freiheitsrechte und Leistungsethos) sowohl vom nicht-AfD-affinen Teil ihrer jeweiligen Klasse als auch voneinander unterscheiden. Anhand von Regressions- und Clusteranalysen kann gezeigt werden, dass der mit der AfD sympathisierende Teil der Arbeiterklasse ein national-solidarisches Weltbild aufweist und Gleichheitsansprüche einfordert, während in dem mit der AfD sympathisierenden Teil der Mittelklasse regressive Normalitätsvorstellungen vorherrschen und die AfD als Verteidigerin bestehender Hierarchien und Privilegien angesehen wird. Basierend auf diesen Ergebnissen wird abschließend diskutiert, wie es der AfD gelingt, durch eine Anrufung dieser Einstellungsmuster Milieus mit divergierenden ökonomischen Interessen für sich zu mobilisieren.
Classroom Management als Heilsversprechen
Authors: Gräber Sebastian 
Published: November 2023

ZusammenfassungClassroom Management oder Klassenführung setzt auf die Maxime „Prävention statt Reaktion“ und unterbindet Störungen unter Rückgriff auf Konditionierungsmaßnahmen. Im Hintergrund steht dabei das Idealbild eines effektiven Unterrichts, der zwar zum Lernerfolg beitragen, dafür aber Selbstbestimmung und Mündigkeit verhindern kann. Stattdessen käme es darauf an, Konflikte im Unterricht auszuhalten und die paradoxale Struktur von Bildung und Disziplin in den Blick zu bekommen.
Erziehung – wozu …
Authors: Thole Werner , Marks Svenja 
Published: November 2023

ZusammenfassungIn dem Beitrag wird an kritische Infragestellungen wie an Varianten der Wiederentdeckung von Erziehung erinnert, um die aktuelle Bedeutung von Erziehung für die Praxis und die wissenschaftlichen Diskussionen in der Sozialen Arbeit zu lokalisieren.
Convergence and Catch-Up of the Region Types in the Central and Eastern European Countries
Authors: Egri Zoltán , Lengyel Imre 
Published: November 2023

AbstractOur study investigates the economic growth and catch-up of the NUTS3 regions of 6 Central and Eastern European (CEE) member states of the European Union (EU), 4 countries acceding in 2004 (Czechia, Poland, Hungary, and Slovakia) and further two admitted in 2007 (Bulgaria and Romania), compared to the average of 14 older members of the EU between 2000 and 2019. We based our analysis on the urban–rural region types of the EU in the case of 185 regions, identifying predominantly urban, intermediate, and predominantly rural types. We apply Theil Index to examine the development of disparities and test the phenomena with unconditional β-convergence hypothesis. The analysis indicates that the growth of all CEE countries and their regions is faster than the EU14 average; the capitals considerably exceed it, the catch-up of other urban regions is also relatively fast, while it is very slow in the case of other regions. The convergence between the 185 regions is weak, based on the EU region typology it was initially strong between the capitals, moderate in the case of intermediate and rural types, while divergence can be observed in the urban types. The catch-up of less developed regions is very slow despite EU cohesion funding, even though 80% of the population live here. The stagnation of regional disparities and slow catch-up of less developed regions indicate the poor efficiency of the EU cohesion policy.
Struktur eines spannungsregulierten Membrantransporters aus Spermien
Authors: Peter Martin F. , Kalienkova Valeria , Paulino Cristina 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe sperm-specific Na+/H+ exchanger SLC9C1 stands out by its unique tripartite domain composition. It is the first known secondary-active transporter which is directly activated by membrane voltage via a voltage-sensing domain (VSD). Our cryo-EM structures of sea urchin SLC9C1 reveal the domain arrangement and new structural coupling elements, allowing us to propose a mechanism for a voltage-activated alternative access mechanism.
Molekularer Abdruck oder Selektion bei der Erzeugung biomimetischer Specifyer
Authors: Menger Marcus M. , Yarman Aysu , Oktay Aysel , Scheller Frieder W. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAptamers and imprinted polymers (MIPs) for the recognition of low-molecular substances, proteins, nucleic acids, viruses and cells have been developed with the advantage over antibodies of not having to use animals for their production. They can also be generated against toxic substances and structures of low immunogenicity. Their affinities to the target molecules, especially for protein biomarkers, are mostly comparable to those of antibodies. However, the cross-reactivity of highly abundant interferences is still a challenge for MIPs.
A size and taxonomic assessment of non-lethal DNA sampling of gastropods using Flinders Technology Associates (FTA) cards
Authors: Leung Kelley 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSampling the DNA of rare animal species should have minimal impacts on individual health. This can be accomplished through non-lethal/non-invasive sampling. Few of these methods have been developed for invertebrates, including the Mollusca, which are in global decline. Tissue clipping the foot is a common non-lethal method for gastropods. However, it causes permanent damage and is inappropriate for smaller snails. This study used Flinders Technology Associates (FTA) cards to sample DNA from snail mucus for species of different sizes and habitat types, and across evolutionarily distant lineages. In a survival assay, the death rate of individuals sampled with FTA cards (12.1%) was greater than in the controls (3.7%), but the difference was not significant. Of 224 individuals representing 27 snail species (17 Hawaiian native, ten non-native) sampled using both FTA cards and tissue clipping, 80.4% of FTA samples and 91.6% of tissue samples amplified for COI, a significant difference. COI sequencing success did not differ significantly between the two methods. For individuals that failed to produce a COI sequence, an attempt was made to sequence 16S. For 16S, amplification and sequencing rates did not differ significantly between FTA and tissue samples. Habitat type and shell size did not affect FTA sampling success. Phylogenetically basal taxa exhibited lower success rates, but this may have been because of difficulty in sampling operculate taxa, and not because of identity. These results indicate that the FTA sampling is a viable non-lethal alternative to tissue clipping and can be used for diverse gastropods.
Current vs. Desired: Transforming the Gender-Affirming Path Through the Work of Trans, Non-binary, and Gender-Questioning Activists Within an Ecological Framework
Authors: Lorusso Maric Martin , Compare Christian , Albanesi Cinzia 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionDue to medical, psychological, and social factors, Italian trans and gender-diverse (TGD) people encounter significant barriers in their gender affirming pathway (GAP), both in formal and informal settings. The minority stress model highlights how structural obstacles reinforce the marginalization of the TGD population in society, while activism becomes a strategy to cope and a source of resilience.MethodsThe research aims to investigate challenges in the GAP for TGD individuals, adopting an ecological perspective. Twenty-five Italian TGD activists were interviewed using semi-structured interviews with sections on personal experiences, relationships with professionals and the LGBTQIA + community, and activism. Data were collected in June–November 2021.ResultsFollowing an ecological approach, the results were organized into a multilevel systemic model. Overall, participants highlighted the rigidity of the actual institutional GAP, calling for a more tailored approach. The study suggests that the Italian institutional GAP system is detached from the TGD population’s needs.ConclusionFrom participants’ accounts, engaging with TGD individuals through bottom-up approaches can represent a turning point in addressing the TGD population’s medical, psychological, and social needs throughout their GAP.Policy ImplicationsProfessionals involved in the pathway should play a role in supporting and listening to the needs of TGD people, aiming to reduce the structural and bureaucratic difficulties encountered within the GAP.
Computing well-covered vector spaces of graphs using modular decomposition
Authors: Milanič Martin , Pivač Nevena 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA graph is well-covered if all its maximal independent sets have the same cardinality. This concept was introduced by Plummer in 1970 and naturally generalizes to the weighted case. Given a graph G, a real-valued vertex weight function w is said to be a well-covered weighting of G if all its maximal independent sets are of the same weight with respect to w. The set of all well-covered weightings of a graph G forms a vector space over the field of real numbers, called the well-covered vector space of G. Since the problem of recognizing well-covered graphs is $$\textsf{co}$$
co
-$$\textsf{NP}$$
NP
-complete, the problem of computing the well-covered vector space of a given graph is $$\textsf{co}$$
co
-$$\textsf{NP}$$
NP
-hard. Levit and Tankus showed in 2015 that the problem admits a polynomial-time algorithm in the class of claw-free graphs. In this paper, we give two general reductions for the problem, one based on anti-neighborhoods and one based on modular decomposition, combined with Gaussian elimination. Building on these results, we develop a polynomial-time algorithm for computing the well-covered vector space of a given fork-free graph, generalizing the result of Levit and Tankus. Our approach implies a polynomial-time recognition algorithm for the class of well-covered fork-free graphs and also generalizes some known results on cographs.
Sleep is the best medicine: assessing sleep, disordered eating, and weight-related functioning
Authors: Barnes Rachel D. , Palmer Brooke , Hanson Sheila K. , Lawson Jessica L. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSleep quality is linked to disordered eating, obesity, depression, and weight-related functioning. Most research, however, has focused on clinical populations. The current study investigated relationships between sleep quality, disordered eating, and patterns of functioning in a community sample to better understand relationships among modifiable health behaviors. Participants (N = 648) recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turk completed assessments of eating, depression, weight-related functioning, and sleep. Self-reported height and weight were used to calculate body mass index (M = 27.3, SD = 6.9). Participants were on average 37.6 years (SD = 12.3), primarily female (65.4%), and White, not Hispanic (72.7%). Over half of participants endorsed poor sleep quality, and average sleep scores were above the clinical cutoff for poor sleep quality. Sleep scores were significantly positively correlated with disordered eating, depression, and weight-related functioning, even after adjusting for age, body mass index, and sex. Multivariate regression models predicting weight-related functioning and depression showed that both sleep quality and disordered eating independently predicted depression. Sleep quality did not independently predict weight-related functioning; however, disordered eating did. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to assess sleep behaviors, disordered eating, and weight-related functioning in a community sample of weight diverse participants. Results indicate that most participants endorsed poor sleep quality, which was associated with disordered eating patterns, including binge eating and poorer weight-related functioning, even after controlling for body mass index, highlighting that this relationship exists across the weight spectrum. These results speak to the importance of health behavior assessment and intervention within nonclinical samples.Level of evidence Level III: evidence obtained from well-designed cohort or case–control analytic studies
»All you need is a marker pen!«
Authors: Eßlinger Eva 
Published: November 2023

ZusammenfassungIn der Gegenwartslyrik kommen immer öfter Geräte zum Einsatz, die bislang nicht als künstlerische Werkzeuge galten und deren Zweck in der kreativen Zerstörung besteht. Anstatt ein Werk gleichsam aus dem Nichts heraus zu erschaffen, bringen sie durch Demontage des schon Bestehenden etwas Neues hervor. Verwendung findet dieses Verfahren der Texttilgung in der so genannten »Erasure Poetry«. Damit ist eine Form der Lyrikproduktion bezeichnet, bei der es darauf ankommt, einen vorhandenen Text mit einem zum Übermalen geeigneten Büroutensil, vorzugsweise einem schwarzen Filzmarker, nach bestimmten Regeln zu bearbeiten. Der Aufsatz geht der Frage nach, was sich ändert, wenn Texte nicht mehr geschrieben, sondern durchgestrichen werden. Beispiele aus verschiedenen Gebrauchszusammenhängen zeigen das Spektrum gestalterischer Möglichkeiten und zugleich die unterschiedlichen Funktionen auf, die die erasure erfüllen kann: als kollektive Praxis dient sie der Selbsttherapie und Lebensbewältigung; als artistisches Verfahren dagegen kommt sie derzeit in vielen Lyrikbänden und Künstlerbüchern zum Einsatz, die den herkömmlichen Umgang mit Literatur ebenso in Frage stellen wie bestimmte Praktiken der Macht. Die erasure erweist sich hier als ästhetische Strategie der Offenlegung verschwiegener, negierter oder vom Vergessen bedrohter Inhalte. Entscheidend in produktions- wie wirkungsästhetischer Hinsicht ist dabei der Bruch mit konventionellen Darstellungsweisen. Er manifestiert sich in der Art, wie die übrig gebliebenen Wörter oder Lettern auf der Buchseite angeordnet und in Beziehung zu den sie umgebenden leeren Flächen gesetzt werden: Word placement und white space managment bezeichnen die beiden zentralen Operationen der post-avantgardistischen Literatur und ihres page design.
Effect of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy in Improving Sleep and Health Status in Patients with Cardiometabolic Syndrome: a Meta-Analysis
Authors: Xu Dawei , Cardell Elizabeth , Xu Miao , Ji Yunxin , Lou Zhongze , Sun Jing , Li Li 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess the effect of cognitive behavioural therapy intervention on sleep and health improvement in patients with cardiometabolic syndrome and sleep problems. This study also aimed to assess the effect of different study designs to explain the overall intervention effect through subgroup analysis. Relevant randomized controlled trial studies were searched through six online databases. The PEDro scale was used to assess the quality of the included studies. The random effects model was used to assess the mean difference, effect size, and standard deviation of the outcome variables. The heterogeneity of the included studies was assessed using I2 and Q tests. Publication bias was assessed by the Egger test. Cognitive behavioural therapy intervention provided a significant effect in improving the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Insomnia Severity Index, total sleep time, sleep efficiency, depression, fatigue, and HbA1c. The effect of cognitive behavioural therapy is more significant when relaxation training and education components are included. Cognitive behavioural therapy is suitable for the treatment of sleep problems in patients with cardiometabolic syndrome. Cognitive behavioural therapy is also effective on depression and fatigue but has a limited effect on blood pressure and biomedical indicators related to cardiometabolic syndrome.
Optimal allocation of multiple capacitors in a hybrid AC/DC microgrid for power quality improvement
Authors: Mousa Hossam H. H. , Ali Abdelfatah , Shaaban Mostafa F. , Ismeil Mohamed A. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Along with the various features for implementing the Hybrid AC/DC Microgrid (HMG), this article proposes an approach for optimal allocation of multiple capacitors which are investigated in a proposed modeling based on the IEEE 14-bus distribution system. The power quality of the HMG has been investigated during the urgent intermittent of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) and Reactive Power Compensation (RPC) methods. Moreover, the investigation has been achieved in the presence of unbalanced loads and nonlinear loads with maximum and minimum demand scenarios. To cope with the power quality concerns in the studied cases, the fixed capacitor bank as an RPC system in Medium Voltage (MV) level load buses has been utilized. Although the performance indices of the power quality improved in MV-level buses, the Low Voltage (LV) level load buses still endure extensive operation performance deteriorations caused by unbalanced loads. Therefore, in this article, a compensation scheme applied in LV-level load buses and MV-level buses has been proposed consistent with the power flow computations. The Multi-Objective Grey Wolf Optimizer (MOGWO) algorithm is implemented to optimize both the size and location of capacitor banks over different voltage levels with high accuracy. The comprehensive assessment and discussion of the simulation results demonstrate the superiority of utilizing the proposed compensation scheme in both MV-level and LV-level load buses. Hence, the power quality is not only enhanced but also the installation cost is reduced. The complete model of the studied system has been validated using MATLAB/ Simulink.

Article Highlights

The reactive power compensation method is used to improve the power quality in a hybrid AC-DC microgrid.

The applied RPC method verifies using the MOGWO algorithm to optimize both the location and size of multiple capacitor banks.

Power quality challenges and future research trends are debated.
Mapping the global free expression landscape using machine learning
Authors: Ortega-Martorell Sandra , Bellfield Ryan A. A. , Harrison Steve , Dyke Drewery , Williams Nik , Olier Ivan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFreedom of expression is a core human right, yet the forces that seek to suppress it have intensified, increasing the need to develop tools that can measure the rates of freedom globally. In this study, we propose a novel freedom of expression index to gain a nuanced and data-led understanding of the level of censorship across the globe. For this, we used an unsupervised, probabilistic machine learning method, to model the status of the free expression landscape. This index seeks to provide legislators and other policymakers, activists and governments, and non-governmental and intergovernmental organisations, with tools to better inform policy or action decisions. The global nature of the proposed index also means it can become a vital resource/tool for engagement with international and supranational bodies.
Asymmetric indentation: problem and solution
Authors: Ali M. El-Sayed , El-Houte S. , Ibrahim Omyma H. , Othman Kolthoum I. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractVickers and Knoop testers are the most common tools used to measure the hardness of materials. However, a very small tilt in the sample surface even in the order of a fraction of a degree produces a noticeable asymmetry, which affects the accuracy of the measured hardness. In this investigation, a mathematical approach has been used to correct asymmetry in the Vickers and Knoop indentations in both metallic and ceramic materials. Measurements were taken for metals such as aluminium 6061(Al-6061), 304 stainless steel as well as various zirconia toughened ceramic materials including tetragonal zirconia doped with: 2.5 mol% Y2O3 (TZ2.5Y), 3 mol% Y2O3 (TZ3Y) and the composite containing 20 wt% alumina (TZ3Y20A), all prepared from commercial powders. A hardness tester equipped with Vickers and Knoop indenters was used for hardness and elastic modulus determination. Optical and scanning electron microscopes have been used to get the indentation micrographs. The method enabled accurate determination of both hardness and elastic modulus from corrected Vickers and Knoop indentations. The hardness and elastic modulus values obtained in this study are in good agreement with reported data for similar materials. The results obtained in this study have been successfully validated using the Zwick reference block. The developed method is readily applicable for the most widely used Vickers hardness machines for the correction of asymmetric indentations if existing, consequently leading to accurate determination of the hardness.
Analyzing transportation mode interactions using agent-based models
Authors: Uthpala Nimashi , Hansika Nanduni , Dissanayaka Sachini , Tennakoon Kumushini , Dharmarathne Samal , Vidanarachchi Rajith , Alawatugoda Janaka , Herath Damayanthi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTraffic in urban areas contributes significantly to congestion and air pollution, which contributes to climate change issues and causes economic losses and fuel wastage. Agent-based models have significant advantages for analyzing urban transportation and its sustainability. The main objective of this paper is to provide a critical review of research on agent-based models for traffic simulation in urban areas. This article reviews the literature on the subject and examines earlier case studies that dealt with agent-based models for micro-mobility and traffic simulation considering six criteria. The study analyzes multiple publications obtained from databases such as Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science. These publications span from 2014 to 2022 and are scrutinized to fulfill the stated objectives. Furthermore, a thorough critical evaluation is performed on a chosen set of 16 publications. The research also proposes traffic simulation tools based on insights gathered from case studies. Further, it discusses how to choose a decent data set through a balanced and objective summary of study findings on the topic and recommends future work in this topic.