bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Machine learning renormalization group for statistical physics
Authors: Hou Wanda , You Yi-Zhuang 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We develop a machine-learning renormalization group (MLRG) algorithm to explore and analyze many-body lattice models in statistical physics. Using the representation learning capability of generative modeling, MLRG automatically learns the optimal renormalization group (RG) transformations from self-generated spin configurations and formulates RG equations without human supervision. The algorithm does not focus on simulating any particular lattice model but broadly explores all possible models compatible with the internal and lattice symmetries given the on-site symmetry representation. It can uncover the RG monotone that governs the RG flow, assuming a strong form of the c-theorem. This enables several downstream tasks, including unsupervised classification of phases, automatic location of phase transitions or critical points, controlled estimation of critical exponents, and operator scaling dimensions. We demonstrate the MLRG method in two-dimensional lattice models with Ising symmetry and show that the algorithm correctly identifies and characterizes the Ising criticality.
TGF-β1 and TGF-β3, but not TGF-β2, are upregulated in the ovaries of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
Authors: Liu Boqun , Jia Qiongqiong , Hong In-Sun , Dang Xuan , Wu Ze , Wang Hailong , Cheng Jung-Chien , Fang Lanlan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is a life-threatening and potentially fatal complication during in vitro fertilization treatment. The levels of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) are upregulated in human follicular fluid and granulosa-lutein cells (hGL) of OHSS patients and could contribute to the development of OHSS by downregulating steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) expression. However, whether the same is true for the other two members of the TGF-β family, TGF-β2 and -β3, remains unknown. We showed that all three TGF-β isoforms were expressed in human follicular fluid. In comparison, TGF-β1 was expressed at the highest level, followed by TGF-β2 and TGF-β3. Compared to non-OHSS patients, follicular fluid levels of TGF-β1 and TGF-β3 were significantly upregulated in OHSS patients. The same results were observed in mRNA levels of TGF-β isoforms in hGL cells and ovaries of OHSS rats. In addition, StAR mRNA levels were upregulated in hGL cells of OHSS patients and the ovaries of OHSS rats. Treatment cells with TGF-β isoforms downregulated the StAR expression with a comparable effect. Moreover, activations of SMAD3 signaling were required for TGF-β isoforms-induced downregulation of StAR expression. This study indicates that follicular fluid TGF-β1 and TGF-β3 levels could be used as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for the OHSS.
Review of infection and bleeding complications in excisional skin surgery
Authors: Richards Ellen , Brown Alistair , Wernham Aaron 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Skin excision is the primary treatment for skin cancer. Complication rates from skin cancer excision are generally low but rates of complications may vary according to procedural complexity, site and patient factors. It is important that patients are fully informed through the consent process considering individual circumstances, the Montgomery ruling and material risks. The clinician must use an evidence-based approach to the consent process and assessment of risk. We have searched the literature and reviewed the current evidence regarding complications, and their incidence where data were available, following excisional skin surgery. This article aims to enable clinicians to better inform patients during the consent process about associated bleeding and infection risk.
Structural connectivity of the multiple demand network in humans and comparison to the macaque brain
Authors: Karadachka Katrin , Assem Moataz , Mitchell Daniel J , Duncan John , Medendorp W Pieter , Mars Rogier B 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Fluid intelligence encompasses a wide range of abilities such as working memory, problem-solving, and relational reasoning. In the human brain, these abilities are associated with the Multiple Demand Network, traditionally thought to involve combined activity of specific regions predominantly in the prefrontal and parietal cortices. However, the structural basis of the interactions between areas in the Multiple Demand Network, as well as their evolutionary basis among primates, remains largely unexplored. Here, we exploit diffusion MRI to elucidate the major white matter pathways connecting areas of the human core and extended Multiple Demand Network. We then investigate whether similar pathways can be identified in the putative homologous areas of the Multiple Demand Network in the macaque monkey. Finally, we contrast human and monkey networks using a recently proposed approach to compare different species’ brains within a common organizational space. Our results indicate that the core Multiple Demand Network relies mostly on dorsal longitudinal connections and, although present in the macaque, these connections are more pronounced in the human brain. The extended Multiple Demand Network relies on distinct pathways and communicates with the core Multiple Demand Network through connections that also appear enhanced in the human compared with the macaque.
Multimodal imaging for cardiac follow-up and management of giant coronary aneurysm related to Kawasaki disease in childhood: a case report
Authors: Werner Oscar , Pommier Victor , Guillaumont Sophie , Vincenti Marie 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Kawasaki disease (KD) is a rare paediatric condition that can lead to giant coronary aneurysms. Follow-up of such complex coronary lesions remains a challenge, and their management is difficult to standardize.

Case summary
Our present case concerns a 17-year-old boy who suffered a giant aneurysm of the left coronary artery, complicated by an asymptomatic stenosis. During regular follow-up, his annual cardiopulmonary exercise test revealed signs of ischaemia (ST depression and premature ventricular complexes). After several further stress tests with inconsistent results, he underwent invasive coronary angiography that revealed significant stenosis with a positive fractional flow reserve (FFR).

Discussion
We discuss the challenges of diagnosing and managing coronary artery stenosis in paediatric patients with KD, particularly in cases with calcified and thrombosed lesions. A multimodal approach is crucial, including non-invasive imaging, and coronary angiography with optical coherence tomography and FFR. The evaluation of the lesion and its follow-up is an important factor in anticipating the best therapeutic choice for each patient.
Child disability as a family issue: a study on mothers’ and fathers’ health in Italy
Authors: Balbo Nicoletta , Bolano Danilo 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Disability does not simply affect the health status of the individual who directly experiences that condition, but it has important consequences on the health and well-being of the other family members as well. Focusing on Italy, an extremely interesting test-bed due to its strong familialist welfare regime, we show significant spillover effects of children’s disability on parental health and well-being.

Methods
We use data from a nationally representative household survey on almost 13 000 mothers and fathers and adopt a multivariate regression setting providing evidence that the disability of a child is negatively associated with parents’ health and life satisfaction.

Results
Parents of a disabled child report lower levels of general and mental health, as well as lower levels of well-being compared with parents with a healthy child. Strong heterogeneity by gender and socio-economic characteristics is observed, with mothers being more affected by the disability status of the child than fathers. The estimated coefficients suggest that education remains an important protective factor even for parents of a disabled child.

Conclusion
This study claims and documents that child disability is an overlooked source of health disadvantage for parents. Such disadvantage is especially relevant for mothers and lower-educated parents, evidence that suggests the importance of taking an intersectional approach to study health disparities.
Real-world treatment outcomes of metastatic biliary tract cancer patients in Japan: the Tokushukai REAl-world data project 04 (TREAD 04)
Authors: Shimoyama Rai , Imamura Yoshinori , Uryu Kiyoaki , Mase Takahiro , Taguri Masataka , Okuda Tadahisa , Fujimura Yoshiaki , Hayashi Maki , Tanaka Satomi , Sawamukai Keiji , Minami Hironobu 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objectives
To investigate temporal trends in treatment patterns and prognostic factors for overall survival in patients with metastatic biliary tract cancer.

Methods
From the Tokushukai REAl-world Data project, we identified 945 patients with metastatic biliary tract cancer treated with gemcitabine, tegafur/gimeracil/oteracil, gemcitabine plus cisplatin, gemcitabine plus tegafur/gimeracil/oteracil or gemcitabine plus cisplatin and tegafur/gimeracil/oteracil between April 2010 and March 2022. Stratified/conventional Cox regression analyses were conducted to examine the association between overall survival and patient- and tumour-related factors, study period, hospital volume, hospital type and first-line chemotherapy regimen. Using inverse probability of treatment weighting with propensity scores, overall survival was also compared between monotherapy and combination therapy groups.

Results
We enrolled 366 patients (199 men; median age, 72 years). Over a median follow-up of 5.2 months, the median overall survival was 7.0 months (95% confidence interval 6.2–9.0), and the median time to treatment failure was 3.5 months (95% confidence interval 3.1–4.5). Median overall survival and time to treatment failure for gemcitabine/tegafur–gimeracil–oteracil/gemcitabine plus cisplatin/gemcitabine plus tegafur–gimeracil–oteracil/gemcitabine plus cisplatin and tegafur–gimeracil–oteracil regimen were 6.2/6.6/7.9/16.2/15.1 and 2.8/3.4/4.1/15.3/7.4 months, respectively. Primary disease site, previous surgery, previous endoscopic procedures and hospital type were identified as significant prognostic factors. Inverse probability of treatment weighting analysis demonstrated that combination therapy had a significantly better prognosis than monotherapy (hazard ratio 0.61, 95% confidence interval 0.43–0.88, P = 0.006).

Conclusions
Our real-world data analysis showed that standard care for metastatic biliary tract cancer is widely used in hospitals throughout Japan and verified the survival benefits of combination therapy over monotherapy observed in prior clinical trials.

Clinical trial number
UMIN000050590 (http://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/index.htm).
Suárez’s Argument against Real Universals
Authors: Adriaenssen Han Thomas 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In his Metaphysical Disputation 5, Francisco Suárez offers a concise argument to the effect that all that does or can possibly exist is singular and individual, and that a commitment to real universals would entail what he calls a ‘manifest contradiction’. According to a recent interpretation of this Master Argument against realism, it reveals that Suárez was committed to a hylomorphic version of the principle of the identity of indiscernibles, and ruled out the possibility of perfectly similar yet numerically distinct entities. In this paper, however, I argue that (1) at least for fundamental items in his ontology such as immaterial forms and matter-form compounds, Suárez was not committed to the identity of indiscernibles, and (2) a reading of the Master Argument that does justice to this is available. On the basis of this reading I provide a reappraisal of the argument, and conclude that (3) it rests on a premise that the realist would have good reasons to challenge. Hence, while the argument seems consistent with the possibility of indiscernible yet numerically distinct immaterial forms and matter-form compounds Suárez wishes to allow for, it is doubtful whether it can accomplish what it sets out to do, and undermine the case for realism.
Designing a Situational Judgment Test for Use in Medical School Admissions
Authors: Berardi-Demo Linda , Cunningham Tara , Dunleavy Dana M. , McClure Stephanie C. , Richards Boyd F. , Terregino Carol A. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
It has long been acknowledged that professional competencies are required for success in medical school, residency training, and medical practice. Over the last decade, medical schools have begun to introduce standardized assessments of professional competencies, but many still rely on interviews to assess these competencies, which occur after about half of the applicant pool has already been screened out. In this article, the authors discuss the development, evaluation, and launch of the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) situational judgment test (SJT) for use in medical school admissions. The AAMC SJT is designed to assess an examinee’s understanding of effective and ineffective behaviors related to the core competencies for entering medical students, including service orientation, social skills, cultural competence, teamwork, ethical responsibility to self and others, reliability and dependability, resilience and adaptability, and capacity for improvement. The authors evaluate the evidence for the need for SJTs in medical school admissions by exploring common derailers in medical school, gaps in the admissions process regarding information about professional competencies, and the challenge of conducting holistic review in a high-volume context. They summarize existing research from the employment, international medical education, and residency selection contexts suggesting that SJT scores are positively associated with subsequent performance and may add value to the admissions process. The authors discuss 5 goals that were the foundation for developing the AAMC SJT: (1) assess the professional competencies needed for success in medical school using a proven method, (2) enable holistic review in a high-volume admissions context, (3) create and share a program of research to support the appropriate use of SJT scores, (4) signal the need for preparation in professionalism to learners, and (5) balance the need for a new assessment with minimizing the burden and risk for applicants.
Impact of Posterior Cervical Foraminotomy Before or After Cervical Disk Replacement
Authors: Young Mason W. , Abtahi Amir M. 
Published: October 2023

Study Design:
Narrative review.

Objectives:
The purpose of this study was to provide a review of the current evidence on the impact of posterior cervical foraminotomy (PCF) performed before or after cervical disk replacement (CDR).

Summary of Background Data:
The impact of PCF on outcomes in the setting of CDR is an evolving field, given the recent widespread adoption of CDR and the relative rarity of patients who have undergone both procedures.

Methods:
A literature search was conducted using PubMed to determine current evidence regarding the indications, outcomes, and biomechanical effects of CDR and PCF when performed alone or in combination.

Results:
When radicular symptoms persist following PCF, a CDR can be safely performed to provide further decompression. Conversely, a PCF can be safely performed following CDR for these same indications. The biomechanical effects of these procedures in combination demonstrate maintained stability when the facetectomy is less than 50% of the facet joint. Studies demonstrate that stability is not significantly decreased by the presence, amount, or level of posterior foraminotomies in the setting of CDR.

Conclusions:
A PCF can be safely performed before or after cervical disk arthroplasty for recurrent radicular symptoms.

Level of Evidence:
Level V.
Patient-specific Cervical Deformity Corrections With Consideration of Associated Risk
Authors: Passias Peter G. , Pierce Katherine E. , Williamson Tyler K. , Lebovic Jordan , Schoenfeld Andrew J. , Lafage Renaud , Lafage Virginie , Gum Jeffrey L. , Eastlack Robert , Kim Han Jo , Klineberg Eric O. , Daniels Alan H. , Protopsaltis Themistocles S. , Mundis Gregory M. , Scheer Justin K. , Park Paul , Chou Dean , Line Breton , Hart Robert A. , Burton Douglas C. , Bess Shay , Schwab Frank J. , Shaffrey Christopher I. , Smith Justin S. , Ames Christopher P. ,   on Behalf of the International Spine Study Group
Published: October 2023

Study Design/Setting:
This was a retrospective cohort study.

Background:
Little is known of the intersection between surgical invasiveness, cervical deformity (CD) severity, and frailty.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to investigate the outcomes of CD surgery by invasiveness, frailty status, and baseline magnitude of deformity.

Methods:
This study included CD patients with 1-year follow-up. Patients stratified in high deformity if severe in the following criteria: T1 slope minus cervical lordosis, McGregor’s slope, C2–C7, C2–T3, and C2 slope. Frailty scores categorized patients into not frail and frail. Patients are categorized by frailty and deformity (not frail/low deformity; not frail/high deformity; frail/low deformity; frail/high deformity). Logistic regression assessed increasing invasiveness and outcomes [distal junctional failure (DJF), reoperation]. Within frailty/deformity groups, decision tree analysis assessed thresholds for an invasiveness cutoff above which experiencing a reoperation, DJF or not achieving Good Clinical Outcome was more likely.

Results:
A total of 115 patients were included. Frailty/deformity groups: 27% not frail/low deformity, 27% not frail/high deformity, 23.5% frail/low deformity, and 22.5% frail/high deformity. Logistic regression analysis found increasing invasiveness and occurrence of DJF [odds ratio (OR): 1.03, 95% CI: 1.01–1.05, P=0.002], and invasiveness increased with deformity severity (P<0.05). Not frail/low deformity patients more often met Optimal Outcome with an invasiveness index <63 (OR: 27.2, 95% CI: 2.7–272.8, P=0.005). An invasiveness index <54 for the frail/low deformity group led to a higher likelihood of meeting the Optimal Outcome (OR: 9.6, 95% CI: 1.5–62.2, P=0.018). For the frail/high deformity group, patients with a score <63 had a higher likelihood of achieving Optimal Outcome (OR: 4.8, 95% CI: 1.1–25.8, P=0.033). There was no significant cutoff of invasiveness for the not frail/high deformity group.

Conclusions:
Our study correlated increased invasiveness in CD surgery to the risk of DJF, reoperation, and poor clinical success. The thresholds derived for deformity severity and frailty may enable surgeons to individualize the invasiveness of their procedures during surgical planning to account for the heightened risk of adverse events and minimize unfavorable outcomes.
KAT6A::EP300 fusion in congenital myeloid sarcoma: Yet another novel molecular marker indicating spontaneous remission?: A case report
Authors: Hosahalli Vasanna Smitha , Shah Sonal D. , Rohr Bethany R. , Roche Breanne , Meyerson Howard , Pateva Irina 
Published: October 2023

Rationale:
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML)/myeloid sarcoma (MS) is risk-stratified based on cytogenetics. Although most congenital AML/MS have a dismal prognosis, certain genetic variants such as t (8, 16) [KAT6A::cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) - binding protein fusion] and more recently t (8, 22) [KAT6A::EP300 fusion] have shown spontaneous remissions. KAT6A located on chromosome 8p11 encodes KAT6A protein, a histone/lysine acetyltransferase enzyme. Numerous partner genes associated with KAT6A include cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) - binding protein (16p13), EP300 (22q13), LEUTX (9q13), NCOA2, NCOA3, and ASXL2.

Patient concerns:
In this article, we describe an otherwise healthy infant who presented with skin nodules on the face and scalp without any systemic or CNS involvement. A biopsy of the cutaneous lesion was consistent with congenital MS.

Diagnoses:
Through molecular testing, we found that our patient had the KAT6A::EP300 mutation. This is one of the rare recurrent cytogenetic abnormalities that are linked to congenital AML.

Intervention:
Our patient underwent spontaneous remission with watchful waiting.

Outcome:
Our patient has remained in spontaneous remission for 24 months.

Lessons:
Even though the KAT6A::EP300 mutation in adults is a poor prognostic marker, a similar mutation in congenital AML has a higher likelihood of spontaneous remission. Hence, conservative management might be an initial management strategy for clinically stable patients.
Cost-effectiveness of virtual reality and wet laboratory cataract surgery simulation
Authors: Ng Danny S. , Yip Benjamin H. K. , Young Alvin L. , Yip Wilson W. K. , Lam Nai M. , Li Kenneth K. , Ko Simon T. , Chan Wai H. , Aryasit Orapan , Sikder Shameema , Ferris John D. , Pang Chi P. , Tham Clement C. 
Published: October 2023

Purpose:
To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of phacoemulsification simulation training in virtual reality simulator and wet laboratory on operating theater performance.

Methods:
Residents were randomized to a combination of virtual reality and wet laboratory phacoemulsification or wet laboratory phacoemulsification. A reference control group consisted of trainees who had wet laboratory training without phacoemulsification. All trainees were assessed on operating theater performance in 3 sequential cataract patients. International Council of Ophthalmology Surgical Competency Assessment Rubric—phacoemulsification (ICO OSCAR phaco) scores by 2 masked independent graders and cost data were used to determine the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). A decision model was constructed to indicate the most cost-effective simulation training strategy based on the willingness to pay (WTP) per ICO OSCAR phaco score gained.

Results:
Twenty-two trainees who performed phacoemulsification in 66 patients were analyzed. Trainees who had additional virtual reality simulation achieved higher mean ICO OSCAR phaco scores compared with trainees who had wet laboratory phacoemulsification and control (49.5 ± standard deviation [SD] 9.8 vs 39.0 ± 15.8 vs 32.5 ± 12.1, P < .001). Compared with the control group, ICER per ICO OSCAR phaco of wet laboratory phacoemulsification was $13,473 for capital cost and $2209 for recurring cost. Compared with wet laboratory phacoemulsification, ICER per ICO OSCAR phaco of additional virtual reality simulator training was US $23,778 for capital cost and $1879 for recurring cost. The threshold WTP values per ICO OSCAR phaco score for combined virtual reality simulator and wet laboratory phacoemulsification to be most cost-effective was $22,500 for capital cost and $1850 for recurring cost.

Conclusions:
Combining virtual reality simulator with wet laboratory phacoemulsification training is effective for skills transfer in the operating theater. Despite of the high capital cost of virtual reality simulator, its relatively low recurring cost is more favorable toward cost-effectiveness.