bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Features of anisotropic compact stars in rastall teleparallel gravity via linear equation of state
Authors: Ditta Allah , Tiecheng Xia 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This paper aims to discuss the model of compact stars based on spherically symmetric spacetime, with a focus on the gravitational effects of Rastall teleparallel gravity, where T represents torsion and λ represents the Rastall parameter. In this study, we evaluate the spherically symmetric spacetime component e

a(r) in terms of e

b(r) using the linear equation of state p

r
= β
ρ + γ, while the other component e

b(r) is assumed from the literature. The paper delves into a detailed analysis of various properties of compact stars such as energy density profile, pressure components, gradients profiles, anisotropic conduct, energy limits, equation of state profiles, velocities of sound profiles, TOV equation profiles, and compactification profile. We use the well-known junction conditions to facilitate the evaluation of the unknown parameters, taking the standard Schwarzschild metric as the outer spacetime. Through detailed analysis in graphical form, we demonstrate that the model showing the anisotropic conduct of stellar objects is viably legitimate, regular, and stable. Overall, the paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the properties of compact stars, which will undoubtedly contribute to our understanding of these astrophysical phenomena.
Pathogenicity of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in Caenorhabditis elegans as an alternative model host
Authors: Matsuda Anri , Ishida Takashi , Tanimoto Yoshihiko , Wada Takayuki , Kage-Nakadai Eriko 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), one of the diarrheagenic E. coli, is the most common cause of diarrhea in developing country and in travelers to those areas. In this study, Caenorhabditis elegans was used as an alternative model host to evaluate ETEC infections. The ETEC strain ETEC1, which was isolated from a patient with diarrhea, possessed enterotoxins STh, LT1, and EAST1 and colonization factors CS2 and CS3. Live ETEC1 shortened the life span and body size of C. elegans in association with increased expression of enterotoxin genes and intestinal colonization. In contrast, heat-killed ETEC1 did not affect the life span of C. elegans. Caenorhabditis elegans infected with ETEC1 showed upregulated expression of genes related to insulin-like peptides and host defense responses. These results suggest that ETEC1 exhibits pathogenicity through intestinal colonization and enterotoxin production in C. elegans. This system is useful as an ETEC infection model.
Diversity of MHC class II DRB alleles and mitochondrial DNA in northern and eastern European pine marten, Martes martes (Mammalia: Mustelidae)
Authors: Nishita Yoshinori , Väinölä Risto , Abramov Alexei V , Masuda Ryuichi 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Four mitochondrial phylogroups are distinguished in the European pine marten (Martes martes), two of which, FNR1/2, are shared with the more easterly sister species, the sable (Martes zibellina). Here, we found that the phylogroup frequencies differed markedly between the southern Finland and western Russia populations in the eastern part of the range of Martes martes, suggesting differential introgression from M. zibellina in these regions. We also examined the diversity of a protein-coding gene, MHC class II DRB, in these two Martes species. We detected 16 functional Martes martes DRB alleles (Mama-DRBs), including several codons that seem to have undergone positive selection, and eight presumed pseudogenes (Mama-DRB*PSs); some alleles/pseudogenes were geographically widespread and others restricted. In a broader carnivoran DRB tree, all Mama-DRBs grouped within a mustelid clade, four in a basal group comprising alleles from early-diverged species and the others in a derived group containing alleles from more recently diverged species. Many alleles showed trans-species polymorphism, suggesting that Mama-DRBs have evolved under pathogen-driven balancing selection. Three of six Mama-DRBs and one of four pseudogenes shared with Martes zibellina were restricted to the FNR1/2 mitochondrial DNA phylogroups, pointing to the possibility that genetic introgression from Martes zibellina might have contributed to Mama-DRB diversity and thus adaptability.
Resection rates and intention-to-treat outcomes in borderline and locally advanced pancreatic cancer: real-world data from a population-based, prospective cohort study (NORPACT-2)
Authors: Farnes Ingvild , Kleive Dyre , Verbeke Caroline S , Aabakken Lars , Issa-Epe Aart , Småstuen Milada Cvancarova , Fosby Bjarte V , Dueland Svein , Line Pål-Dag , Labori Knut J 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Systemic chemotherapy is the initial treatment strategy for borderline resectable and locally advanced pancreatic cancer to facilitate curative resection. The aim of this study was to investigate the resection rates and overall survival in patients with borderline resectable pancreatic cancer and locally advanced pancreatic cancer.

Methods
Consecutive patients with borderline resectable pancreatic cancer/locally advanced pancreatic cancer discussed by Oslo University Hospital multidisciplinary team between 2018 and 2020, serving a population of 3.1 million within a geographically defined area in south-eastern Norway, were included in this prospective Norwegian Pancreatic Cancer Trial-2 study, according to intention-to-treat principles. The total number of patients with pancreatic cancer was sought from the Cancer Registry of Norway.

Results
A total of 1178 patients were diagnosed with pancreatic cancer, of whom 618 were referred to Oslo University Hospital. After multidisciplinary team evaluation, 230 patients were considered to have borderline resectable pancreatic cancer/locally advanced pancreatic cancer. The final study group consisted of 188 patients (borderline resectable pancreatic cancer n = 96, locally advanced pancreatic cancer n = 92) who were fit to receive primary chemotherapy. Resection rates were 46.9% (45 of 96) for borderline resectable pancreatic cancer and 13% (12 of 92) for locally advanced pancreatic cancer (P &lt;0.001). Median overall survival was 14.6 months (borderline resectable pancreatic cancer 16.4 months; locally advanced pancreatic cancer 13.7 months, (P = 0.2)). Adjusted for immortal time bias, median overall survival for patients undergoing resection versus only chemotherapy was 24.4 months versus 10.1 months (P &lt;0.001) for borderline resectable pancreatic cancer and 28.4 months versus 12.6 months for locally advanced pancreatic cancer (P = 0.001).

Conclusion
Resection rates and survival in patients with borderline resectable pancreatic cancer and locally advanced pancreatic cancer treated at a high-volume centre in a universal healthcare system compare well with those treated at international expert centres.
Registration number: NCT04423731 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov)
Clinical Outcomes in Hospitalized Patients with Cancer and New versus Preexistent Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Kosmidou Ioanna , Durkin Megan , Vella Eileen , DeJesus Neisha , Romero Sofia , Gamboa Rosalyn , Jenkins Paul , Shaffer Brian , Steingart Richard , Liu Jennifer 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
There is limited information on the prognostic impact of new onset versus preexistent atrial fibrillation (AF) in hospitalized patients with cancer.

Objectives
We sought to determine the clinical impact of new onset AF (NOAF) compared with preexistent AF in hospitalized patients with cancer.

Methods
All patients with cancer hospitalized over the course of 1 year with clinically manifest new or preexistent AF were enrolled in the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center AF registry. The relationship of NOAF to the primary composite outcome of all cause death, cardiovascular (CV) rehospitalization, or cerebrovascular event (CVE), as well as secondary CV endpoints, were analysed using proportional hazards regression. Where applicable, the competing risk of death was accounted for using methodology described by Fine and Gray.

Results
Among 606 patients included in the analysis, 313 (51.7%) had NOAF and 293 (48.3%) had preexistent AF. Patients with NOAF were younger and had less frequent prior history of CV disease compared with patients with preexistent AF. At follow-up, patients with NOAF had a higher adjusted hazard for the primary composite outcome versus patients with prior AF (hazard ratio [HR] 1.64, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.27, 2.13, P = 0.002), as well as the secondary CV composite outcome of clinical AF recurrence, CV death, CV rehospitalization, or CVE (HR 2.17, 95% CI 1.57, 2.99, P &lt; 0.0001).

Conclusions
In hospitalized patients with cancer and electrocardiographically manifest new versus preexistent AF, NOAF was associated with a higher risk for the primary composite outcome of all-cause death, CV rehospitalization, or CVE.
A comprehensive evolutionary scenario for the origin and neofunctionalization of the Drosophila speciation gene Odysseus (OdsH)
Authors: Nunes William Vilas Boas , Oliveira Daniel Siqueira , Dias Guilherme de Rezende , Carvalho Antonio Bernardo , Caruso Ícaro Putinhon , Biselli Joice Matos , Guegen Nathalie , Akkouche Abdou , Burlet Nelly , Vieira Cristina , Carareto Claudia M A 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Odysseus (OdsH) was the first speciation gene described in Drosophila related to hybrid sterility in offspring of mating between Drosophila mauritiana and Drosophila simulans. Its origin is attributed to the duplication of the gene unc-4 in the subgenus Sophophora. By using a much larger sample of Drosophilidae species, we showed that contrary to what has been previously proposed, OdsH origin occurred 62 MYA. Evolutionary rates, expression, and transcription factor–binding sites of OdsH evidence that it may have rapidly experienced neofunctionalization in male sexual functions. Furthermore, the analysis of the OdsH peptide allowed the identification of mutations of D. mauritiana that could result in incompatibility in hybrids. In order to find if OdsH could be related to hybrid sterility, beyond Sophophora, we explored the expression of OdsH in Drosophila arizonae and Drosophila mojavensis, a pair of sister species with incomplete reproductive isolation. Our data indicated that OdsH expression is not atypical in their male-sterile hybrids. In conclusion, we have proposed that the origin of OdsH occurred earlier than previously proposed, followed by neofunctionalization. Our results also suggested that its role as a speciation gene might be restricted to D. mauritiana and D. simulans.
Diet Quality and Multimorbidity in Older Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Vega-Cabello Veronica , Struijk Ellen A , Caballero Francisco Felix , Yévenes-Briones Humberto , Ortolá Rosario , Calderón-Larrañaga Amaia , Lana Alberto , Rodríguez-Artalejo Fernando , Lopez-Garcia Esther 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
The role of diet quality in the accumulation of multiple chronic conditions is mostly unknown. This study examined diet quality in association with the number of chronic conditions and the rate of multimorbidity development among community-dwelling older adults.

Methods
We used data from 2 784 adults aged ≥65 years from the Seniors-ENRICA 2 cohort. Diet quality was assessed at baseline (2015–17) with the Alternate Healthy Eating Index-2010 (AHEI-2010) and the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS). Information on medical diagnoses was obtained from electronic clinical records up to 2021.

Results
Higher adherence to the AHEI-2010 was associated with a lower number of total chronic conditions (β [95% CI] quartile 4 vs 1: −0.57 [−0.86 to 0.27], p trend &lt; .001] and cardiometabolic conditions (−0.30 [−0.44 to −0.17], p trend &lt; .001) at baseline, while higher adherence to the MEDAS was associated with a lower number of total chronic conditions (−0.30 [−0.58 to −0.02], p trend = .01) and neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative conditions (−0.09 [−0.17 to −0.01], p trend = .01). After a median follow-up of 5.2 years (range: 0.1–6.1 years) higher adherence to the AHEI-2010 was associated with a lower increase in chronic conditions (β [95% confidence interval] quartile 4 vs 1: −0.16 [−0.30 to −0.01], p trend = .04) and with lower rate of chronic disease accumulation.

Conclusions
Higher diet quality, as measured by the AHEI-2010, was associated with a lower number of chronic health conditions and a lower rate of multimorbidity development over time.
AI v copyright: how could public interest theory shift the discourse?
Authors: Dermawan Artha 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
To achieve a balance between rightsholders and the public in the age of generative AI (GenAI), it is necessary to redefine the concept of public interest in copyright law. This equilibrium is critical because it guarantees that rightsholders are rewarded for their work while also allowing for the dissemination and access of knowledge along with cultural expression. Additionally, redefining the concept of public interest in copyright could address emerging issues such as fair use, open access and the democratization of information in the digital age. The article examines how public interest in copyright would look in the development of GenAI by using Virginia Held’s typology of public interest theory as the sole compass to address the question. The article finds that public interest in copyright could be adjusted to protect rightsholders, sustain cultural production and simultaneously accommodate the development of GenAI by first balancing the preponderance of individual interest or being supported by the preponderance of numbers and empirical terms; second, by making it consistent with individuals’ overall interests and being agreed upon by the polity; and third, by judging the public interest in copyright on ‘valid judgment’ and normative content, where the judgment is based. While different typologies may be used to conceptualize public interest, the article suggests that it is important to explicitly identify what copyright law seeks to achieve and to balance the rights of creators with the public’s interest in accessing creative works. This could be achieved through evidence-based analysis, agreement among individuals without conflicts and normative content based on the morality of society.
The next decade of SET: from an oncoprotein to beyond
Authors: Yao Han , Zhang Meng , Wang Donglai 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This year marks the fourth decade of research into the protein SET, which was discovered in 1992. SET was initially identified as an oncoprotein but later shown to be a multifaceted protein involved in regulating numerous biological processes under both physiological and pathophysiological conditions. SET dysfunction is closely associated with diseases, such as cancer and Alzheimer's disease. With the increasing understanding of how SET works and how it is regulated in cells, targeting aberrant SET has emerged as a potential strategy for disease intervention. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of the advancements in SET studies, encompassing its biological functions, regulatory networks, clinical implications, and pharmacological inhibitors. Furthermore, we provide insights into the future prospects of SET research, with a particular emphasis on its promising potential in the realm of immune modulation.
Shifting the paradigm: highlights from 2022 demonstrate broad public health impacts of applied urban entomology
Authors: Crawley Sydney E 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In 2022, the dramatic reduction of applied and extension urban entomology positions was highlighted and widely discussed by seasoned and nascent urban entomologists alike. In fact, many urban entomologists are calling for a “paradigm shift” within the discipline given the reduction in niche urban entomology-specific positions. Specifically, many individuals are insisting that movement toward a framework where urban entomologists address complex, cross-disciplinary issues and advocate for research funding through science policy is critical for the endurance of the discipline. In this new model, the purpose of urban entomology does not necessarily change, but rather expands to attack questions that may be of interest to the broader scientific community. In addition, this paradigm shift would necessitate increased engagement of urban entomologists with bureaucratic and administrative agencies to communicate the importance of urban pest management, especially in a landscape where funding opportunities and endowments have been reduced, reallocated, or eliminated. To reflect the ongoing transformation within the field of urban entomology, the objectives of this review were to highlight papers published in 2022 that exemplify the broader impacts of urban entomological studies and urban pest management. Studies with ties to global public health and Entomological Society of America science policy initiatives are highlighted to encourage urban entomologists to consider the far-reaching influence of their research.
Spatial-temporal risk clusters, social vulnerability, and identification of priority areas for surveillance and control of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Maranhão, Brazil: an ecological study
Authors: de Sousa Oliveira Romário , Andrade Pimentel Karen Brayner , Ribeiro da Silva Rosa Cristina , Suely Guimarães-e-Silva Antonia , Soares Moura Maria Edileuza , Soares Pinheiro Valéria Cristina 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a neglected disease widely distributed in Maranhão, Brazil and presents a significant public health problem. However, its transmission dynamics and determining factors are not clearly understood. In this context, geospatial technologies help interpret the process. This study, then, characterized the space–time dynamics and the influence of social vulnerability on CL in an endemic area in Northeast Brazil. This is an ecological study about new cases of CL in Maranhão, from 2007 to 2020, obtained directly from the Notifiable Diseases Information System. The incidence rate was smoothed using a spatial empirical Bayesian method. Subsequently, global and local Moran statistics and their association with social vulnerability indicators were determined. Disease distribution was not random but grouped in space and time. All Social Vulnerability Index domains were positively correlated with the CL incidence. A likely cluster was detected in western Maranhão (P &lt; 0.001), which encompassed 18 municipalities, from January 2007 to December 2013, with a high relative risk (5.06). The research findings suggest that planning public health actions and allocating resources should be prioritized in these areas to help effectively reduce the incidence of the disease.
Assessment of light-emitting diodes for sampling phlebotomines (Diptera: Psychodidae) from an urban park of the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: de Souza Renan Ney Castro , Sánchez Uzcátegui Yetsenia del Valle , Silveira Fernando Tobias , Vasconcelos dos Santos Thiago 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The present study aimed to assess different light sources for sampling phlebotomines (Diptera: Psychodidae) from Bosque Rodrigues Alves, a forested park surrounded by the urban area of Belém in the Brazilian Amazon. Centers for Disease Control traps, baited with blue, green, and warm white light-emitting diodes (LEDs), as test group, and incandescent light, as control group, were used. The electromagnetic spectra and luminous intensities of the light sources were characterized. Fractional vegetation cover at each sampling site was also estimated. Abundance, richness, rarefaction curves, Shannon and Simpson diversity indices, phlebotomines/trap/hour, and phlebotomines/trap/night were estimated and compared. The light sources of the test group presented greater luminous intensity than the control, but were similar to each other. There were no differences in vegetation cover at each site. A total of 1,346 phlebotomines comprising 11 species were sampled. The most abundant species were as follows: Nyssomyia antunesi (Coutinho, 1939), Trichophoromyia ubiquitalis (Mangabeira, 1942), Bichromomyia flaviscutellata (Mangabeira, 1942), and Th. brachipyga (Mangabeira, 1942). Light traps with LEDs had richness, abundance, and Shannon diversity indices similar to those obtained with incandescent light. The warm white LED had a higher Simpson’s index than the other light sources. Phlebotomine responses to incandescent light were similar to those to LEDs in most analyses, confirming the applicability of these light sources as alternative devices for entomological surveillance. Low consumption ensures greater autonomy of the traps, providing better operability during fieldwork.
Trigonelline Chloride Ameliorated Triphenyltin-Induced Testicular Autophagy, Inflammation, and Apoptosis: Role of Recovery
Authors: Elsheikh Arwa A , Shalaby Amany Mohamed , Alabiad Mohamed Ali , Abd-Almotaleb Noha Ali , Alorini Mohammed , Alnasser Sulaiman Mohammed , Elhasadi Ibtesam , El-Nagdy Samah A 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Triphenyltin chloride (TPT-Cl) is an organometallic organotin. This study aimed to investigate the role of trigonelline (TG) along with the impact of TPT withdrawal on the testicular toxicity induced by TPT-Cl. Thirty-six adult male albino rats were divided into control, TG (40 mg/kg/day), TPT-Cl (0.5 mg/kg/day), TG + TPT-Cl, and recovery groups. Animals were daily gavaged for 12 weeks. Both TG and TPT-Cl withdrawal improved TPT-Cl-induced testicular toxicity features involving testis and relative testis weight reduction, luteinizing hormone, follicular stimulating hormone, and sex hormone-binding globulin elevation, reduction of inhibin B, free testosterone levels, and sperm count reduction with increased abnormal sperm forms. Moreover, both TG and TPT-Cl withdrawal reduced inflammatory activin A, follistatin, tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin-1β, and proapoptotic Bax and elevated antiapoptotic Bcl2 in testicular tissues mediated by TPT-Cl. TG and TPT-Cl withdrawal restored the excessive autophagy triggered by TPT-Cl via elevation of mTOR, AKT, PI3K, and P62/SQSTM1 and reduction of AMPK, ULK1, Beclin1, and LC3 mRNA gene expressions and regained the deteriorated testicular structure. In conclusion, TG and TPT-Cl withdrawal had an ameliorative role in partially reversing TPT-Cl-induced testicular toxicity. However, the findings indicated that the use of TG as an adjunctive factor is more favorable than TPT-Cl withdrawal, suggesting the capability of the testis for partial self-improvement.
Circadian control of sleep-related neuronal activity in lizards
Authors: Yamaguchi Sho T , Hatori Sena , Kotake Koki T , Zhou Zhiwen , Kume Kazuhiko , Reiter Sam , Norimoto Hiroaki 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Although diurnal animals displaying monophasic sleep patterns exhibit periodic cycles of alternating slow-wave sleep (SWS) and rapid eye movement sleep (REMS), the regulatory mechanisms underlying these regular sleep cycles remain unclear. Here, we report that in the Australian dragon Pogona vitticeps exposed to constant darkness (DD), sleep behavior and sleep-related neuronal activity emerged over a 24-h cycle. However, the regularity of the REMS/SWS alternation was disrupted under these conditions. Notably, when the lizards were then exposed to 12 h of light after DD, the regularity of the sleep stages was restored. These results suggest that sleep-related neuronal activity in lizards is regulated by circadian rhythms and that the regularity of REMS and SWS cycling is influenced by daytime light exposure.