bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heat Shock Proteins in Juvenile Steelhead Reflect Thermal Conditions in the Navarro River Watershed, California
Authors: Werner Ingeborg , Smith Timothy B. , Feliciano Joaquin , Johnson Michael L. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThis study examined expression levels of two heat shock proteins, hsp72 and hsp78, in white muscle of steelhead (anadromous rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss) parr collected between 25 July and 4 August 2000 at 11 sites in the Navarro River watershed, California. The goal was to determine whether site‐specific thermal conditions were causing cellular stress responses in resident fish. The results demonstrated a highly significant sigmoidal relationship of the inducible isoform hsp72 and a linear relationship of the constitutive isoform hsp78 with water temperatures. Laboratory experiments showed that hsp72 was induced in fish from coldwater as well as warmwater sites by exposure to water at 25°C. Stream temperatures above which significantly elevated hsp72 levels were detected in field‐collected fish were 18–19°C in terms of both short‐ and long‐term averages and 20–22.5°C in terms of daily maximum averages. The highest hsp72 levels were measured at warmwater sites with the largest diurnal temperature fluctuations (≥6.5°C). The two dominant factors influencing water temperature were air temperature and the degree of shade provided by riparian vegetation. Our data suggest that elevated hsp72 expression levels in steelhead parr from several tributaries are indicative of cellular stress caused by thermal conditions during summer months.
Regional Differentiation and Sex‐Biased Dispersal among Populations of the Horseshoe Crab Limulus polyphemus
Authors: King Tim L. , Eackles Michael S. , Spidle Adrian P. , Brockmann H. Jane 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFourteen microsatellite DNA loci were surveyed in 892 horseshoe crabs Limulus polyphemus collected from 21 sites ranging from Franklin, Maine, to the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico. This rangewide survey revealed a high degree of genetic diversity (up to 50 alleles per locus) and heterozygosity (up to 97.2%). There appears to be substantial gene flow between each population and its nearest neighbors. The correlation of genetic distance and geographic distance supports isolation by distance as a mechanism underlying the structure of L. polyphemus along the Atlantic coast of North America. Two statistical descriptors, mean assignment percentage and assignment variance, suggested the presence of male‐biased dispersal throughout the study area. Within the continuum of isolation by distance and in the presence of male‐biased dispersal, the clustering of specific collections on a tree of genetic distances and hierarchical gene diversity analyses demonstrate discrete regional units. These results suggest defining four management units within the United States: the Gulf of Maine, mid‐Atlantic, Atlantic Florida, and Gulf Florida. Further sampling is needed, particularly from North Carolina to the southernmost tip of Atlantic Florida, to test this hypothesis. Multilocus assignment tests indicate a high probability of correctly assigning individuals to the proposed management unit from which they were collected and could serve as a useful tool for identifying the source of animals that are caught at sea.
Estimating Handling Mortality Due to Air Exposure: Development and Application of Thermal Models for the Bering Sea Snow Crab Fishery
Authors: van Tamelen Peter G. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe fishery for snow crabs Chionoecetes opilio in Alaska occurs during the winter, and handling mortality may be high due to cold‐air exposure. Heat budget models that include convection, evaporation, long‐wave radiation, and solar radiation were developed for snow crabs. Model performance was evaluated by comparing observed and predicted temperatures of live crabs exposed to cold air. The model performed well, predicting temperatures of the body, legs, and eyes within 1.5°C. Legs and eyes cooled faster than the body and may be more susceptible to cold‐air exposure. Weather variables were ranked in the following order of importance: (1) air temperature, (2) solar radiation, (3) wind speed, (4) humidity, and (5) cloud cover. Clear, cold, breezy nights are the most detrimental conditions for crabs. Hourly weather records from a site near the fishing grounds were used in conjunction with the thermal model to estimate cooling rates for crabs every hour during actual and hypothetical seasons. The probability of damage for various cooling rates was estimated based on previously published laboratory data. Discard handling damage rates were highly variable, ranging from 0% to 30% over 21 actual fishing seasons. Damage rates for hypothetical seasons that varied in length, start day, and daily fishing hours were calculated. Damage rates were reduced by delaying the start day (15 January) until 1 March as well as by limiting fishing time to daylight hours. Combining a later starting day with limited fishing hours resulted in 90% of the hypothetical seasons having damage rates of 10% or less. Generally, longer seasons had lower damage rates, especially when fishing hours were limited. Although developed for cold‐weather Alaska fisheries, this approach can easily be adapted to other fisheries where handling mortality due to temperature changes during capture is a concern.
Teaching and Safety-Net Hospital Penalization in the Hospital-Acquired Condition Reduction Program
Authors: Serpa Jose A. , Gemeinhardt Gretchen , Arias Cesar A. , Morgan Robert O. , Russell Heidi , Miao Hongyu , Ganduglia Cazaban Cecilia M. 
Published: February 2024

ImportanceThe Hospital-Acquired Condition Reduction Program (HACRP) evaluates acute care hospitals on the occurrence of patient safety events and health care–associated infections. Since its implementation, several studies have raised concerns about the overpenalization of teaching and safety-net hospitals, and although several changes in the program’s methodology have been applied in the last few years, whether these changes reversed the overpenalization of teaching and safety-net hospitals is unknown.ObjectiveTo determine hospital characteristics associated with HACRP penalization and penalization reversal.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cross-sectional study assessed data from 3117 acute care hospitals participating in the HACRP. The HACRP penalization and hospital characteristics were obtained from Hospital Compare (2020 and 2021), the Inpatient Prospective Payment System impact file (2020), and the American Hospital Association annual survey (2018).ExposuresHospital characteristics, including safety-net status and teaching intensity (no teaching and very minor, minor, major, and very major teaching levels).Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was HACRP penalization (ie, hospitals that fell within the worst quartile of the program’s performance). Multivariable models initially included all covariates, and then backward stepwise variable selection was used.ResultsOf 3117 hospitals that participated in HACRP in 2020, 779 (25.0%) were safety-net hospitals and 1090 (35.0%) were teaching institutions. In total, 771 hospitals (24.7%) were penalized. The HACRP penalization was associated with safety-net status (odds ratio [OR], 1.41 [95% CI, 1.16-1.71]) and very major teaching intensity (OR, 1.94 [95% CI, 1.15-3.28]). In addition, non–federal government hospitals were more likely to be penalized than for-profit hospitals (OR, 1.62 [95% CI, 1.23-2.14]), as were level I trauma centers (OR, 2.05 [95% CI, 1.43-2.96]) and hospitals located in the New England region (OR, 1.65 [95% CI, 1.12-2.43]). Safety-net hospitals with major teaching levels were twice as likely to be penalized as non–safety-net nonteaching hospitals (OR, 2.15 [95% CI, 1.14-4.03]). Furthermore, safety-net hospitals penalized in 2020 were less likely (OR, 0.64 [95% CI, 0.43-0.96]) to revert their HACRP penalization status in 2021.Conclusions and RelevanceFindings from this cross-sectional study indicated that teaching and safety-net hospital status continued to be associated with overpenalization in the HACRP despite recent changes in its methodology. Most of these hospitals were also less likely to revert their penalization status. A reevaluation of the program methodology is needed to avoid depleting resources of hospitals caring for underserved populations.
Comparison of Vital Sign Cutoffs to Identify Children With Major Trauma
Authors: Gorski Jillian K. , Chaudhari Pradip P. , Spurrier Ryan G. , Goldstein Seth D. , Zeineddin Suhail , Martin-Gill Christian , Sepanski Robert J. , Stey Anne M. , Ramgopal Sriram 
Published: February 2024

ImportanceVital signs are essential components in the triage of injured children. The Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) and Pediatric Advanced Life Support (PALS) physiologic criteria are frequently used for trauma assessments.ObjectiveTo evaluate the performance of ATLS and PALS criteria vs empirically derived criteria for identifying major trauma in children.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study used 2021 American College of Surgeons Trauma Quality Improvement Program (TQIP) data contributed by US trauma centers. Included encounters involved pediatric patients (aged &amp;lt;18 years) with severe injury, excluding those who experienced out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, were receiving mechanical ventilation, or were transferred from another facility. Data were analyzed between April 9 and December 21, 2023.ExposureInitial hospital vital signs, including heart rate, respiratory rate, and systolic blood pressure (SBP).Main Outcome and MeasuresMajor trauma, determined by the Standard Triage Assessment Tool, a composite measure of injury severity and interventions performed. Multivariable models developed from PALS and ATLS vital sign criteria were compared with models developed from the empirically derived criteria using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. Validation of the findings was performed using the 2019 TQIP dataset.ResultsA total of 70 748 patients (median [IQR] age, 11 [5-15] years; 63.4% male) were included, of whom 3223 (4.6%) had major trauma. The PALS criteria classified 31.0% of heart rates, 25.7% of respiratory rates, and 57.4% of SBPs as abnormal. The ATLS criteria classified 25.3% of heart rates, 4.3% of respiratory rates, and 1.1% of SBPs as abnormal. Among children with all 3 vital signs documented (64 326 [90.9%]), PALS had a sensitivity of 88.4% (95% CI, 87.1%-89.3%) and specificity of 25.1% (95% CI, 24.7%-25.4%) for identifying major trauma, and ATLS had a sensitivity of 54.5% (95% CI, 52.7%-56.2%) and specificity of 72.9% (95% CI, 72.6%-73.3%). The empirically derived cutoff vital sign z scores had a sensitivity of 80.0% (95% CI, 78.5%-81.3%) and specificity of 48.7% (95% CI, 48.3%-49.1%) and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 70.9% (95% CI, 69.9%-71.8%), which was similar to PALS criteria (69.6%; 95% CI, 68.6%-70.6%) and greater than ATLS criteria (65.4%; 95% CI, 64.4%-66.3%). Validation using the 2019 TQIP database showed similar performance to the derivation sample.Conclusions and RelevanceThese findings suggest that empirically derived vital sign criteria strike a balance between the sensitivity of PALS criteria and the specificity of ATLS criteria in identifying major trauma in children. These criteria may help to identify children at greatest risk of trauma-related morbidity and mortality.
NIDA: Psilocybin mushroom seizures rose significantly
Authors: Knopf Alison 
Published: February 2024

A National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)‐funded study published in the journal Drug and Alcohol Dependence titled “National and Regional Trends in Seizures of Shrooms (Psilocybin) in the United States, 2017‐2022” reported a significant increase in law enforcement seizures of psilocybin mushrooms, also known as “magic mushrooms” or “shrooms,” in the United States from January 2017 to December 2022. The study is based on data from the White House Office of National Drug Control Policy's (ONDCP) High Intensity Drug Trafficking Areas (HIDTA) program, which tracks law enforcement seizures in hotspots across the country. Key findings include:
Agricultural practices influence foliar endophytic communities in coffee plants of different varieties
Authors: Castillo‐González Humberto , Bloomberg Joshua , Alvarado‐Picado Eduardo , Yarwood Stephanie , Chaverri Priscila 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFungal endophytes are pivotal components of a plant's microbiome, profoundly impacting its health and fitness. Yet, myriad questions remain concerning the intricate interactions between these microorganisms and their hosts, particularly in the context of agriculturally important plants such as Coffea arabica. To bridge this knowledge gap and provide a comprehensive framework, this study investigated how farming practices shape the taxonomic and functional diversity of phylloplane endophytes in coffee. Coffee plant leaves from two distinct producing regions in Costa Rica were sampled, ensuring the representation of various coffee varieties (Obatá, Catuaí, and Caturra), agricultural management methods (organic vs. conventional), sun exposure regimes (full sunlight/monoculture vs. natural shade/agroforestry), and leaf developmental stages (newly emerged asymptomatic vs. mature leaves). Fungal communities were characterized by employing both culture‐dependent and independent techniques (internal transcribed spacer 2 nuclear ribosomal DNA metabarcoding). The results showed a greater diversity of endophytes in mature leaves and conventionally managed plants, with coffee variety exerting an unclear influence. The effect of sun exposure was surprisingly negligible. However, data emphasize the benefits of agroforestry and organic farming, which are linked to reduced putative pathogens and heightened levels of potentially mutualistic fungi, fostering functionally diverse communities. Despite the role that plant microbiomes might play in agricultural production, the knowledge to shape endophytic communities through breeding or management is lacking. The results from this study provide a framework to understand how both plant and agricultural practices influence endophyte diversity within coffee crops. These insights hold promise for guiding future efforts to manipulate coffee microbial communities effectively.
Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Fused‐Cyclic Quinolines
Authors: Darbandizadeh Shahab A. , Balalaie Saeed 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFused quinolines have gained substantial attention due to their significant biological and wide‐spectrum synthetic applications. This review supplies an encyclopedic document regarding the approaches developed for the synthesis of fused‐cyclic quinolines based on ring volume size reported thus far. This collected information will be valuable for medicinal chemists to obtain knowledge regarding designing new approaches in order to access biological active compounds.
Arginase 1 does not affect RNA m6A methylation in mouse fetal lung
Authors: Sui Xuesong , Sui Yanyu , Long Peihua , Wang Yifei , Chen Yu , Zhai Wenjia , Gao Lu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundArginase 1 (Arg1) encodes a key enzyme that catalyzes the metabolism of arginine to ornithine and urea. In our recent study, we found that knockdown of Arg1 in the lungs of fetal mice induces apoptosis of epithelial cells and dramatically delays initiation of labor. As the most abundant internal mRNA modification, N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) has been found to play important roles in lung development and cellular differentiation. However, if the knockdown of Arg1 affects the RNA m6A modification in fetal lungs remains unknown.MethodsIn the current study, the RNA m6A levels and the expression of RNA m6A related enzymes were validated in 13.0 dpc fetal lungs that Arg1 was knocked down by adeno‐associated virus carrying Arg1‐shRNA, using western blot, immunofluorescence, and RT‐qPCR.ResultsNo statistical differences were found in the expression of methyltransferase, demethylases, and binding proteins in the fetal lungs between AAV‐shArg1‐injected mice and AAV‐2/9‐injected mice. Besides, there is no significant change of overall RNA m6A level in fetal lungs from AAV‐shArg1‐injected mice, compared with that from AAV‐2/9‐injected mice.ConclusionsThese results indicate that arginase 1 does not affect RNA m6A methylation in mouse fetal lung, and the mechanisms other than RNA m6A modification underlying the effects of Arg1 knockdown on the fetal lung development and their interaction with labor initiation need to be further explored.
Fluorescent sensing platform based on polyethyleneimine‐protected copper nanoclusters for detection of chromium(VI) in real samples
Authors: Gan Mingyu , Wang Yingqi , Wang Fei , Tan Jie , Pei Yuheng , Wang Jianhua , Choi Martin M. F. , Bian Wei 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA new type of polyethyleneimine‐protected copper nanoclusters (PEI‐CuNCs) is favorably developed by a one‐pot method under mild conditions. The obtained PEI‐CuNCs is characterized by X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and other techniques. It is worth noting that the proposed PEI‐CuNCs demonstrate a selective response to chromium(VI) over other competitive species. Fluorescence quenching of PEI‐CuNCs is determined to be chromium(VI) concentrations dependence with a low limit of detection of 8.9 nM. What is more, the as‐developed PEI‐CuNCs is further employed in building a detection platform for portable recognition of chromium(VI) in real samples with good accuracy. These findings may offer a distinctive strategy for the development of methods for analyzing and monitoring chromium(VI) and expand their application in real sample monitoring.
Generation Z's green purchase behavior: Do green consumer knowledge, consumer social responsibility, green advertising, and green consumer trust matter for sustainable development?
Authors: Borah Prasad Siba , Dogbe Courage Simon Kofi , Marwa Nyankomo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractGeneration Z (Gen‐Z), representing a demographic cohort of persons born from 1995 to 2010, has demonstrated their concerns for environmental protection. On September 20, 2019, for example, millions of Gen‐Zs from over 150 different countries across the globe embarked on a protest to pressure decision‐makers and governments to help save the planet. Such campaigns have caused firms to rethink how they operate by adopting green operations in their production and distribution of products. The footwear industry is not left out. The problem this research sought to address is the assessment of the effect of green consumer knowledge on green purchase behavior among Gen‐Z consumers towards footwear while assessing the roles of consumer social responsibility, green advertising, and green consumer trust. The study was quantitative in nature and used an online questionnaire to survey 559 Chinese Gen‐Z consumers. Findings revealed that although green consumer knowledge had a direct effect on green purchase behavior, this effect was partially mediated by consumer social responsibility. The effect of consumer social responsibility on green purchase behavior was positively moderated by green advertising, and the moderating effect of green advertising was further strengthened by green consumer trust. Finally, the mediating effect of consumer social responsibility was conditional on the moderating effects of green advertising and green consumer trust. It was concluded that green consumer knowledge is an essential ingredient in enhancing Gen‐Z consumers' green purchase behavior towards footwear, as such, advocacy and pressure groups must increasingly conscientize consumers.
Multiple cutaneous myxofibrosarcoma on the right arm: Clinicopathological features and differential diagnosis
Authors: Ruan Shi‐Fan , Zhang Peng , Huang Jinwen , Gong Ting , Ji Chao 
Published: February 2024

Key Clinical MessageThe clinical presentations and pathological features of low‐grade myxofibrosarcoma can be misleading, frequently resulting in diagnostic errors. An accurate diagnosis requires the application of immunohistochemistry techniques and the discerning diagnostic acumen of experienced pathologists. A 62‐year‐old male patient visited our outpatient clinic with multiple painful and rapidly enlarging subcutaneous nodules on his right forearm. Initially, the condition was misdiagnosed as multiple lipomas. The final pathology revealed characteristics consistent with low‐grade myxofibrosarcoma.
Congenital lobar emphysema: A diagnostic dilemma with coexistent congenital heart defects
Authors: Thacker Jigar Prabhulal , Bhende Vishal Vinayak , Sharma Tanishq Shashikant 
Published: February 2024

Key Clinical MessageClinicians should think beyond pneumonia and left‐to‐right shunts when young children have persistent respiratory distress. Congenital lung anomalies, including congenital lobar emphysema, should be considered differential diagnoses. Chest X‐ray and CT imaging should be conducted to gain insight regarding and establish diagnosis, respectively.AbstractCongenital lobar emphysema (CLE) is a rare and life‐threatening congenital lung anomaly that often poses a diagnostic dilemma. The issue can be further confused with coexistent congenital heart defects (CHDs) with left‐to‐right shunts. The clinical presentation of CLE during infancy is similar to that of CHD, with CHD being more common entity, gets detected early. The presence of underlying CLE may only be suspected after CHD repair. In our case, a 2‐month‐old infant presented with respiratory distress. On evaluation, a large ventricular septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus were detected. After successful cardiac defect repair, the infant continued to experience cough, respiratory distress, and failure to thrive. Furthermore, on radiological reanalysis, CLE was suspected on X‐ray and confirmed via computed tomography. CLE can be detected on chest X‐rays; however, at an early stage, it is often confusing and misleading.
Low‐Temperature CO Oxidation by the Pt/CeO2 Based Catalysts
Authors: Stadnichenko Andrey I. , Slavinskaya Elena M. , Stonkus Olga A. , Boronin Andrei I. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis review analyzes the literature data and the results of studies of the Pt/CeO2‐based catalysts that are capable of providing the low‐temperature CO oxidation (LTO CO). The review summarizes the catalytic characteristics and the main properties of Pt/CeO2‐based catalysts necessary for the low‐temperature oxidation at T<50 °C. Analysis of the literature data on the use of physical methods of investigation and their correlation with the activity of Pt/CeO2 catalysts allowed us to conclude that the main active forms of platinum are small metallic clusters, single atoms Pt2+‐SA and oxide clusters PtOx interacting with ceria nanoparticles. It has been established that the most active forms are PtOx clusters, which provide a high reaction rate in the temperature range from −50 to +50 °C. Forms of ionic Pt2+ with different coordination with oxygen ensure the activity of catalysts starting at temperatures above 100 °C. Finally, small metallic clusters occupy an intermediate position, providing activity above 0 °C, but their instability and gradual transition to the oxidized state Pt2+/PtOx are noted. At the conclusion of the review, the results of mathematical modeling demonstrate the correct kinetics description of the low‐temperature CO oxidation based on the Mars‐van Krevelen and associative mechanisms.