bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Classification of the Different Stages of Alzheimer’s Disease Using 3d Transfer Learning Networks
Authors: Thamizhvani T. R. , Hemalatha R. J. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a brain ailment that gradually impairs thinking and memory abilities as well as the capacity to do even the most basic tasks. A proper diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is crucial for patient treatment, particularly in the early stages of the illness when patients can take precautions before suffering irreparable brain damage. In the proposed approach, the hippocampus area is identified as a biomarker by segmenting the region using 3D deep learning algorithms from pre-processed 3D MRI images. The classification of stages of AD was performed using 3D transfer learning techniques. The image quality parameters and classification parameters are derived from the resultant data for the analysis of the significant technique for the segmentation of biomarker, hippocampus and classification of stages of AD. The pre-processed 3D images are segmented with the 3D deep learning algorithms. Based on the image quality comparison the AD hybrid net design is determined to be more efficient for segmentation of hippocampus region. Later the segmented images are produced as input to the layers of different 3D transfer learning algorithms for classification of stages of AD. With the help of the Classification parameters, VGG Net-16 defined to be more appropriate for the process of segmentation. Thus, an efficient segmentation and classification technique for the identification of the different stages of AD is determined using image quality and classification parameters with high accuracy. These techniques are implemented to define a computer-aided diagnostic system for identification and prediction of AD.
Improvement in Corrosion Performance of Additive Manufactured Stainless Steel and Ni-Based Superalloy in NaCl Solution
Authors: GÜNEN Ali , GÜROL Uğur , KOÇAK Mustafa , Cam Gurel 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) has numerous advantages over traditional manufacturing methods, such as efficient material usage, production close to the final shape, development of new alloy components, and suitability for low-volume production. Among the AM methods, wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM), also known as arc direct energy deposition (Arc-DED) is ahead of other AM methods in producing large-scale complex metallic parts at more affordable costs. However, high heat input in the WAAM process, segregation between two successive melting layers, and surface defects due to high surface roughness lead to the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of these alloys not meeting the desired values. For this purpose, aluminizing process was applied as a secondary process to stainless steel and Ni-based super alloy samples produced by the WAAM method in this study. Then, the corrosion behavior of aluminide coatings in 3.5% NaCl solution was examined by open circuit potential and Tafel extrapolation method. The results of the study showed that the applied aluminide coatings reduced the surface roughness values of the WAAM component while improving the hardness values and microstructure. These aspects were found to decrease the corrosion potential and enhance corrosion resistance in both WAAM components. Aluminide coatings improved the corrosion resistance of stainless steels by 2.32 times and significantly enhanced the corrosion resistance of Inconel alloys by 13.9 times.
Human-Wildlife Conflicts patterns and underlying impacts: A systematic review
Authors: Shameer Thekke Thumbath , Routray Priyambada , Juanita Divinia , Udhayan  , Kanchana Rangaswamy , Ganesan Mannika Govindan , Kumari Dhayanithi Vasantha 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Human-wildlife conflict (HWC) is a term often misunderstood, with most people restricting its use to the damage to humans and property by wildlife and not vice versa, thereby leading to a biased approach to its resolution. HWC is rising, primarily due to a growing human population and associated habitat destruction. The lack of critical analyses in the HWC challenge has led to inadequate and poor responses. A systematic review of HWC across India is necessary to understand the trends, hotspots, and significant species involved, develop appropriate mitigation measures, and propose a policy-level framework to minimise its impact on humans and wildlife. For this review, around 246 papers from the past ten years (2012–2022) were collected which mentioned HWC in their keywords. After screening the papers, 172 papers published in 166 different journals were found to be relevant to the present study. Among those 172 papers, most HWC-related papers have been published in Karnataka, followed by Kerala and West Bengal. The highest conflict species seems to be the elephant, followed by wild pigs and leopards. Some other species involved in conflicts are tiger, nilgai, macaque, etc. More focused research is needed on HWC to analyse every factor influencing the rise of HWC in India. Introducing an interdisciplinary approach and involvement of multiple stakeholders could help better manage HWC in India.
A person-centered approach to characterizing longitudinal ambulatory impairment in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Briggs Farren , Gunzler Douglas , Gunzler Steven 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Ambulatory impairment in Parkinson’s disease (PD) is common and complex, and poorly understood from the perspectives of those with PD. Gaining insights to the anticipated perceived trajectories and their drivers, will further facilitate patient-centered care. Latent class growth analysis, a person-centered mixture modelling approach, was applied to 16,863 people with PD stratified by early (N = 8612; <3 years), mid (N = 6181; 3–10 years) and later (N = 2070; >10 years) disease to discern clusters with similar longitudinal patterns of self-reported walking difficulty, measured by EuroQoL 5D-5L that is validated for use in PD. There were four clusters in early and mid-disease strata, with a fifth identified in later disease. Trajectories ranged from none to moderate mobility problems, with small clusters with severe problems. The percentage of subjects with moderate (early = 17.5%, mid = 26.4%, later = 32.5%) and severe (early = 3.8%, mid = 7.4%, later = 15.4%) mobility problems at baseline increased across disease duration groups. The trajectories tended to be stable with variability in moderate and severe groups. Across strata, clusters with moderate to severe problems were associated with more severe impairment, depression, anxiety, arthritis, higher BMI, lower income, and lower education, but no consistent race or gender differences. The findings reveal distinct longitudinal ambulatory patterns in PD based on a person-centered approach.
Ease of Sutureless aortic valve replacement in a patient with unexpected Ochronosis -A Case Report
Authors: Hosseini Saeid , Salari Soheila , Ansari Mohammad Javad Alemzadeh , Hesami Mahshid , Shojaei Mohammad Amin 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background: Alkaptonuria is a rare congenital metabolic disorder that results in homogenetic acid accumulation in body cartilage and connective tissues due lack of homogenetic acid dioxygenase enzyme. It has different clinical manifestations, including: spondyloarthropathy, eye and skin pigmentation, obstruction of the genitourinary tract by ochronosis stones, and involvement of the cardiovascular system. Cardiac ochronosis is a rare presentation of alkaptonuria that the patient has aortic stenosis with or without other cardiovascular involvement.
Case presentation: We present an unexpected case of ochronosis that diagnosed during cardiac surgery.Sutureless aortic valve replacement was done for her. Because of fragile, thin and atheromatous ascending aorta in patients with ochronosis, it seems that this sutureless valve replacement method is more suitable in these sorts of patients.
Conclusions: Although cardiac ochronosis is very rare, but the surgeons should keep it in mind and pay attention to the clinical manifestations of alkaptonuria when examining a patient with aortic valve stenosis.
Chronic Active Epstein–Barr Virus Infection in a Teenage Girl with Suspect Autoimmune Disease
Authors: Tseng Wen-Yu , Huang Shiu-Feng , Wu Chao-Yi , Chen Shih-Hsiang , Chen Chien-Chang 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background: The pathogenesis of chronic active Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) disease (CAEBV) is complex, involving infection, inflammation, and in some cases malignancy. EBV reactivates in some patients, who develop a chronic disease with infectious mononucleosis-like symptoms. On occasion, it might be confused with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), based on the similar symptoms and elevated liver enzymes. We aimed to describe a similar case to remind reader of this disease.
Case Presentation: A 14-year-old girl was diagnosed with AIH based on biopsy and biomarker findings 1 year prior to admission and initially presented with elevated liver enzymes, portal hypertension, and parenchymal liver disease. Despite steroid administration, her condition fluctuated, and she was admitted to the hospital several times. She underwent a renal biopsy because of massive ascites, hypoalbuminemia, and increased renal echogenicity. An evaluation for impaired liver function showed positivity for EBV IgM, IgG, and early antigen (EBEA) antibodies. A PCR-based assay showed 5265 copies/mL of EBV DNA in peripheral blood. Epstein–Barr encoding region (EBER) in situhybridization revealed abundant positive cells. Immunohistochemistry for CD56 also showed abundant positive cells, and CAEBV was diagnosed on this basis. Chemotherapy, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(HSCT), and liver transplantation were proposed but her family refused.
Conclusions: CAEBV should be considered when diagnosing AIH or in cases of treatment-refractory AIH.
Monitoring and geological advance prediction for tunnel construction: A case study of shangzhuang tunnel
Authors: Li Juan , Zhao Rengye , Cao Shengliang , Ni Bowen 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

During real-time tunnel construction in geologically complex areas, the settlement of rock formations with special physic-mechanical properties and freshly constructed tunnel segments have a serious impact on the progress and safety of the project. Therefore, the implementation of tunnel monitoring and advance geological prediction are important for tunnel construction. The mountain body where the Shangzhuang Tunnel is located is typically characterized by poor mechanical properties, rock fragmentation and weak stability. The vault subsidence, peripheral convergence inside the tunnel and surface settlement outside the tunnel were monitored by total station instrument; and the geo-radar was used to realize the geological advance prediction. The results show that, the change curves of vault subsidence and peripheral convergence with tunnel length have the same trend, which increase first and then decrease in general. Anomalous deformation of 8.7 mm was observed at the mileage of 683 m. The results of geological advance prediction are consistent with the on-site observation, which can provide reference for the safe, smooth and economic construction of the tunnel project.
Influenza A, Influenza B, Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus and SARS-CoV-2 molecular diagnostics and epidemiology in the post COVID-19 era
Authors: Luštrek Manca , Cesar Zala , Suljič Alen , Kogoj Rok , Knap Nataša , Virant Monika Jevšnik , Uršič Tina , Petrovec Miroslav , Avšič-Županc Tatjana , Korva Miša 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
The concurrent circulation of SARS-CoV-2 with other respiratory viruses is unstoppable and represents a new diagnostic reality for clinicians and clinical microbiology laboratories. Multiplexed molecular testing on automated platforms that focus on the simultaneous detection of multiple respiratory viruses in a single tube is a useful approach for current and future diagnosis of respiratory infections in the clinical setting.
Methods
Two time periods were included in the study: from February to April 2022, an early 2022 period, during the gradual lifting of non-pharmaceutical COVID-19 prevention measures in the country, and from October 2022 to April 2023, the 2022/23 respiratory infections season. We analysed a total of 1,918 samples in the first period and 18,131 respiratory samples in the second period using a multiplex molecular assay for the simultaneous detection of Influenza A (Flu-A), Influenza B (Flu-B), Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus (hRSV) and SARS-CoV-2.
Results
The results from early 2022 showed a strong dominance of SARS-CoV-2 infections with 1,267/1,918 (66.1%) cases. Flu-A was detected in 30/1,918 (1.6%) samples, hRSV in 14/1,918 (0.7%) samples, and Flu-B in 2/1,918 (0.1%) samples. Flu-A/SARS-CoV-2 co-detections were observed in 11/1,267 (0.9%) samples, and hRSV/SARS-CoV-2 co-detection in 5/1,267 (0.4%) samples. During the 2022/23 winter respiratory season, SARS-CoV-2 was detected in 1,738/18,131 (9.6%), Flu-A in 628/18,131 (3.5%), Flu-B in 106/18,131 (0.6%), and hRSV in 505/18,131 (2.8%) samples. Interestingly, co-detections were present to a similar extent as in early 2022.
Conclusion
The results show that the multiplex molecular approach is a valuable tool for the simultaneous laboratory diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2, Flu-A/B, and hRSV in hospitalized and outpatients. Infections with Flu-A/B, and hRSV occurred shortly after the non-pharmaceutical measures of COVID-19 were lifted, so a strong reoccurrence of various respiratory infections and co-detections in the post COVID-19 period was to be expected.
Short-Physical Performance Batter：Complete Mediator of Cognitive Depressive Symptoms and Diabetes Mellitus in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Zhang Ningning , Chen Cheng , Han PeiPei , Wang Bojian , Yang Jinting , Guo Qi , Cao Pengyu 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to examine the relationship between different dimensions of depressive symptoms and the presence of diabetes mellitus in hemodialysis patients. Additionally, the study sought to elucidate the mediating effect of physical performance on this association.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional multicenter study conducted between July 2020 and March 2023, involving 1024 patients from eight hemodialysis centers in Shanghai. The study enrolled patients with physician diagnosis and blood glucose indicating diabetes mellitus. Physical performance and depressive symptoms were assessed using short-physical performance batter (SPPB) and the patient health questionnaire-9, respectively. Regression and mediation analysis were applied to statistical analysis.
Results: Among the 1024 participants, 39.26% (n = 402) were found to have coexisting diabetes mellitus. Diminished SPPB scores (OR = 0.843, 95% CI = 0.792-0.897) and cognitive depressive symptoms (OR = 1.068, 95% CI = 1.011-1.129) exhibited significant associations with diabetes mellitus, while somatic depressive symptoms did not show a significant correlation. Notably, SPPB emerged as a complete mediator in the relationship between cognitive depressive symptoms and diabetes mellitus. The observed indirect effect of SPPB on this relationship was estimated at 0.038 (95% CI: 0.021-0.057).
Conclusion: This investigation highlighted the pivotal role of cognitive depressive symptoms in influencing diabetes mellitus, with the SPPB acting as a complete mediator.
Influence of irradiated dentin, biofilm and different artificial saliva formulations on root dentin caries development
Authors: de Souza Beatriz Martines , Braga Aline Silva , Vertuan Mariele , Sassaki Susan , Araújo Tamara Teodoro , Santos Paulo Sergio da Silva , Buzalaf Marilia Afonso Rabelo , Magalhães Ana Carolina 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the influence of radiation as well as of new formulations of artificial saliva on the development of root caries lesions.
Methods
Bovine root samples were divided into: irradiated (70 Gy) dentin or not; the type of biofilm (from irradiated or non-irradiated patients) and the type of artificial saliva (for the condition irradiated dentin/biofilm): Saliva A (inorganic); Saliva A + 1mg/ml hemoglobin; Saliva A + 0.1mg/ml cystatin; Saliva A + hemoglobin + cystatin; Bioextra (positive control) and water (negative control) (n = 12/group). Biofilm was produced using human biofilm and McBain saliva (0.2% of sucrose, 37o C and 5% CO2); the treatments were done 1x/day, for 5 days. Colony-forming units (CFU) counting was performed; demineralization was quantified by transversal microradiography. Two-way ANOVA/Bonferroni or Sidak test for the comparison between biofilm x dentin and ANOVA/Tukey or Kruskal-Wallis/Dunn for comparing artificial saliva were done (p < 0.05).
Results
The type of biofilm had no influence on CFU and demineralization. Sound dentin under control biofilm presented the lowest Lactobacillus ssp. and Streptococcus mutans CFU and the lowest mean mineral loss (R) (25.6 ± 2.2; 23.7 ± 2.9%) compared to irradiated dentin (26.1 ± 2.8; 28.1 ± 3.3, p < 0.004) for both types of biofilms (irradiated and no irradiated, respectively). Bioextra was the only one that reduced R (10.8 ± 2.5%) and LD (35 ± 15µm) compared to water (17.3 ± 3.3%, 81 ± 18µm, p < 0.0001).
Conclusion
Irradiation of dentin has impact on caries development; none of the experimental saliva was able to reduce its occurrence.
Identification of CaPCR1, an OFP gene involved in pointed vs. concave fruit tip regulation in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) using recombinant inbred lines
Authors: Liu Tingting , Zhou Yingjia , Gao Shenting , Liu Dan , Wang Jubin , Liu Zhenya , Deng Yingtian , LI FENG 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The concave shape of the fruit tip in pepper plants is highly susceptible to drought and low temperature stresses, resulting in the appearance of a pointed tip fruit, which affects its commercial value. However, few studies on the process of fruit tip development and regulatory genes in pepper have been reported. Herein, the developmental process of the ovary before flowering, especially changes in the shape of the ovary tip, was studied in detail. The results showed that the final fruit tip shape was consistent with the ovary tip shape before flowering, and a concave tip shape gradually developed. F4 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) were constructed to map the genes regulating fruit tip shape through hybridization of the LRS and SBS pepper inbred lines. CaPCR1 (Capana12g002165), an OFP (OVATE Family Protein) family gene, was located in the candidate region on chr12. Three SNPs were found in the protein coding sequence of CaPCR1 between SBS and LRS, but only one SNP led to amino acid variation. Sequence variations, including base replacements, deletions and insertions, were also detected in the gene promoter region. The relative expression level of the CaPCR1 gene was significantly greater in the concave tip ovary than in the pointed tip ovary. qRT‒PCR analysis revealed that the CaPCR1 gene was expressed mainly in the gynoecium, placenta and green fruit pericarp, which was consistent with its function in ovary and fruit development. Taken together, these results suggested that CaPCR1 is a candidate gene involved in fruit tip shape determination in pepper.
Development of Pilates-based Exercise Program for Dynamic Balancing of Adult Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Gu Youngae , Wijesnghe Ruchire Eranga , Seong Daewoon , Jeon Mansik , Kim Jeehyun 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
The proposed study investigates the therapeutic effects of the developed Pilates core stabilization program for the improvement of gait and body balance in adults with cerebral palsy.
Methods
Four disabled adults with cerebral palsy have been classified into stages II, III, and IV, Gross Motor Function Classification. The program consists of strengthening exercise, Gross Motor Function measure-88, Function Reach Test, and Timed up and go Test.
Results
The body stabilization exercise through Pilates sufficiently confirmed the improvement of gait ability of adults with cerebral palsy. The Function Reach Test results the risk of falling was also reduced as they were able to keep their balance while the maximum arm stretching distance was increasing up to 7-19.5 cm. In addition, 6 to 50 m/sec of gait speed was increased in Timed up and go Test.
Conclusion
The developed Pilates core stabilization program reveals that the quickness, agility, and dynamic balance have increased significantly, and the functional movement of disabled adults with cerebral palsy have been improved through the Pilates Body Stabilization Exercise. Thus, it can be confirmed that the proposed method is effective as an intervention method for the improvement of balance and gait ability.
Development and evaluation of a web-based diet quality screener for vegans (VEGANScreener): a cross- sectional, observational, multicenter, clinical study
Authors: Asif Tooba , Ouřadová Anna , Tabar Ainara Martínez , Bullón-Vela Vanessa , Müller Sandra , Dietrich Joelina , Keller Vanessa , Henikova Marina , Selinger Eliska , Herter-Aeberli Isabelle , Wakolbinger Maria , Keyzer Willem , Lippevelde Wendy , Cahova Monika , Bogl Leonie H. , Kuzma Marek , Bes-Rastrollo Maira , Henauw Stefaan , Keller Markus , Kronsteiner-Gicevic Selma , Schernhammer Eva , Gojda Jan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Consumption of plant-based diets, including vegan diets, necessitates attention to the quality of the diet for the prevention and early detection of nutritional deficiencies. Within the VEGANScreener project, a unique brief screening tool for the assessment and monitoring of diet quality among vegans in Europe was developed. To provide a standardized tool for public use, a clinical study will be conducted to evaluate the VEGANScreener against a reference dietary assessment method and nutritional biomarkers.
Methods
An observational study is set to include 600 participants across five European sites – Belgium, Czech Republic, Germany, Spain, and Switzerland. In total, 400 self-reported vegans (≥ 2 years on a vegan diet), and 170 self-reported omnivore controls will be examined, aged between 18 and 65 years, with males and females being equally represented in a 1:1 ratio for two age groups (18–35 and 36–65 years). Participants with diseases affecting metabolism and intestinal integrity will be excluded. The clinical assessment will comprise a structured medical history, as well as blood pressure and anthropometric measures. Blood and urine will be sampled and analyzed for a set of dietary biomarkers, and metabolomic analyses will be conducted to explore potential novel biomarkers of vegans’ dietary intake. Moreover, saliva samples will be collected to assess the metabolome and the microbiome. Instructions for completing a nonconsecutive 4-day diet record will be provided, alongside the VEGANScreener, a socio-demographic survey, a well-being survey, and a FFQ. To evaluate reproducibility, the VEGANScreener will be administered twice within a three-weeks period.
Discussion
Among vegans, the construct validity and criterion validity of the VEGANScreener will be analyzed through associations of the score with nutrient and food group intakes, and diet quality scores assessed from the 4-day diet records, and associations with the dietary biomarkers. Secondary outcomes will include analysis of dietary data, metabolomics, and microbiomes in all participants. Major nutrient sources and variations will be assessed in the sample. Exploratory metabolomic analysis to identify novel biomarkers will be performed using multivariable statistics and regression analysis. Standard statistical models will be implemented for cross-sectional comparisons of geographical groups and vegans versus omnivores.