bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diadenosine Tetraphosphate (Ap4A) Serves as a 5′ RNA Cap in Mammalian Cells
Authors: František Potužník Jiří , Nešuta Ondřej , Škríba Anton , Voleníková Barbora , Mititelu Maria‐Bianca , Mancini Flaminia , Serianni Valentina , Fernandez Henri , Spustová Kristína , Trylčová Jana , Vopalensky Pavel , Cahová Hana 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe recent expansion of the field of RNA chemical modifications has changed our understanding of post‐transcriptional gene regulation. Apart from internal nucleobase modifications, 7‐methylguanosine was long thought to be the only eukaryotic RNA cap. However, the discovery of non‐canonical RNA caps in eukaryotes revealed a new niche of previously undetected RNA chemical modifications. We are the first to report the existence of a new non‐canonical RNA cap, diadenosine tetraphosphate (Ap4A), in human and rat cell lines. Ap4A is the most abundant dinucleoside polyphosphate in eukaryotic cells and can be incorporated into RNA by RNA polymerases as a non‐canonical initiating nucleotide (NCIN). Using liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC–MS), we show that the amount of capped Ap4A‐RNA is independent of the cellular concentration of Ap4A. A decapping enzyme screen identifies two enzymes cleaving Ap4A‐RNA,NUDT2 and DXO, both of which also cleave other substrate RNAs in vitro. We further assess the translatability and immunogenicity of Ap4A‐RNA and show that although it is not translated, Ap4A‐RNA is recognized as self by the cell and does not elicit an immune response, making it a natural component of the transcriptome. Our findings open a previously unexplored area of eukaryotic RNA regulation.
Cactus Endophytic Fungi and Bioprospecting for their Enzymes and Bioactive Molecules: A Systematic Review
Authors: de Menezes Souza Jeferson , de Menezes Fonseca Deisiane , Pinheiro de Souza Jaciara , Cordeiro do Nascimento Luciana , Mendes Hughes Frederic , Pereira Bezerra Jadson Diogo , Góes‐Neto Aristóteles , Ferreira‐Silva Alice 
Published: November 2023

AbstractEndophytic fungi are associated with plant health and represent a remarkable source of potential of enzymes and bioactive compounds, but the diversity of endophytes remains uncertain and poorly explored, especially in Cactaceae, one of the most species‐rich families adapted to growing in arid and semi‐arid regions. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review on the diversity and bioprospecting of endophytic fungi from Cactaceae. We analysed peer‐reviewed articles from seven databases using PRISMA guidelines. The results showed that the Cactaceae family is a source of new taxa, but the diversity of endophytic fungi of Cactaceae is little explored, mainly the diversity among tissues and by metagenomics. Bioprospecting studies have shown that these microorganisms can be used in the production of enzymes and larvicidal and antifungal compounds. Our results are relevant as a starting point for researchers to develop studies that expand the knowledge of plant mycobiota in arid and semi‐arid ecosystems, as well as comprising a remarkable source of fungal compounds with several biotechnological applications.
Impact of Acetate‐Based Hydrogel Electrolyte on Electrical Performance and Stability of Eco‐Friendly Supercapacitors
Authors: Landi Giovanni , La Notte Luca , Granata Veronica , Avallone Guerino , Barone Carlo , Carapella Giovanni , Pagano Sergio , Palma Alessandro Lorenzo , Sdringola Paolo , Puglisi Giovanni 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe electrochemical characteristics and stability of hydrogel‐based environmentally friendly supercapacitors employing sodium acetate as salt have been investigated. To ensure the overall sustainability of the devices, chitosan (a biomaterial from renewable resources) and activated carbon (derived from coconut shells) have been used as a binder and filler within the electrodes, respectively. Cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge/discharge, and impedance spectroscopy measurements have been performed to compare the electrochemical properties of the fabricated devices. Compared to reference electrolytes containing NaCl, the utilization of sodium acetate exhibited enhancements in energy performance and stability up to 50000 cycles. The most efficient device has been delivered approximately 10.6 Wh/kg of energy at a high‐power density of about 3940 W/kg. A comprehensive investigation of the electrochemical performances has been carried out, considering both faradaic and non‐faradaic processes as charge storage mechanisms within the devices. A model has been proposed to describe the storage mechanisms and to provide insights into the ageing phenomena observed during the cycling procedure.
Well‐Defined Mn(II)‐complex Catalyzed Switchable De(hydrogenative) Csp3‐H Functionalization of Methyl Heteroarenes: A Sustainable Approach for Diversification of Heterocyclic Motifs
Authors: Mondal Avijit , Phukan Hirak Jyoti , Pal Debjyoti , Kumar Saurabh , Roy Mithu , Srimani Dipankar 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCatalytic activities of Mn(I) complexes derived from expensive MnBr(CO)5 salt have been explored in various dehydrogenative transformations. However, the reactivity and selectivity of inexpensive high spin Mn(II) complexes are uncommon. Herein, we have synthesized four new Mn(II) complexes and explored switchable alkenylation and alkylation of methyl heteroarenes employing a single Mn(II)catalyst. The developed protocol selectively furnishes a series of functionalized E‐heteroarenes and C‐alkylated heteroarenes with good to excellent yields. Various medicinally and synthetically useful compounds are successfully synthesized using our developed protocol. Various controls and kinetics experiments were executed to shed light on the mechaism,which reveals that α‐C−H bond breaking of alcohol is the slowest step.
Association between treatment and improvements in overall survival of patients with advanced/metastatic non–small cell lung cancer since 2011: A study in the United States, Canada, and Germany using retrospective real‐world databases
Authors: Griesinger Frank , Ramagopalan Sreeram , Cheung Winson Y. , Wilke Thomas , Mueller Sabrina , Gupta Alind , O’Sullivan Dylan E. , Arora Paul , Brenner Darren R. , Froelich Carolin , Inskip Jessica , Maywald Ulf , Subbiah Vivek 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to describe treatment patterns and overall survival (OS) in patients with advanced non–small cell lung cancer (aNSCLC) in three countries between 2011 and 2020.MethodsThree databases (US, Canada, Germany) were used to identify incident aNSCLC patients. OS was assessed from the date of incident aNSCLC diagnosis and, for patients who received at least a first line of therapy (1LOT), from the date of 1LOT initiation. In multivariable analyses, we analyzed the influence of index year and type of prescribed treatment on OS.FindingsWe included 51,318 patients with an incident aNSCLC diagnosis. The percentage of patients treated with a 1LOT differed substantially between countries, whereas the number of patients receiving immunotherapies/targeted treatments increased over time in all three countries. Median OS from the date of incident diagnosis was 9.9 months in the United States vs. 4.1 months in Canada. When measured from the start of 1LOT, patients had a median OS of 10.7 months in the United States, 10.9 months in Canada, and 10.9 months in Germany. OS from the start of 1LOT improved in all three countries from 2011 to 2020 by approximately 3 to 4 months.ConclusionsObserved continuous improvement in OS among patients receiving at least a 1LOT from 2011 to 2020 was likely driven by improved care and changes in the treatment landscape. The difference in the proportion of patients receiving a 1LOT in the observed countries requires further investigation.
An Improved Method for Purification of the Residual Bodies from the Seminiferous Tubules of Mice
Authors: Apu Mohd Nazmul Hasan , Shirokikh Nikolay E. , Khochbin Saadi , Soboleva Tatiana A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHuman fertility is declining in Western countries, and it is becoming increasingly clear that male infertility plays a pivotal role in the overall fertility decline. To understand the process that drives successful male germ cell maturation, the study of spermatogenesis of model organisms, such as mice, is essential. Residual bodies (RBs) play an important role in the last stages of spermatogenesis. They are formed at the time when post‐meiotic spermatids undergo sequential differentiation steps so that the acrosome and flagellum are developed, the nucleus is markedly condensed, and the cytoplasm is lost. The masses of lost cytoplasm become RBs. Our recent work has shown that RB dynamics are highly sensitive to even small fertility defects. It was also noted that the transcriptome and proteome of RBs changes in response to spermatogenic defects. Thus, RBs represent an excellent and highly sensitive entity for studying male fertility. Previously published protocols for RB purification had some major limitations: they produced an RB fraction that was heavily contaminated with spermatozoa and erythrocytes or required tens of grams of starting material. In addition, most of the available protocols were developed for purification of RBs from rat testes. Here, we present a protocol that allows the isolation of 2.5‐3 × 106 RBs from mouse testes with a purity of 98% from only 1 g of starting material. The purified material can be used for various downstream applications to study male fertility, such as transcriptome and proteome analyses, super‐resolution microscopy, and electron and cryo‐electron microscopy, amongst many others. © 2023 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol: An improved method for purification of the residual bodies from the seminiferous tubules of mice
Revolutionizing Solid‐State NASICON Sodium Batteries: Enhanced Ionic Conductivity Estimation through Multivariate Experimental Parameters Leveraging Machine Learning
Authors: Zhang Yuyao , Zhan Tingjie , Sun Yang , Lu Lun , Chen Baoliang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractNa superionic conductor (NASICON) materials hold promise as solid‐state electrolytes due to their wide electrochemical stability and chemical durability. However, their limited ionic conductivity hinders their integration into sodium‐ion batteries. The conventional approach to electrolyte design struggles with comprehending the intricate interactions of factors impacting conductivity, encompassing synthesis parameters, structural characteristics, and electronic descriptors. Herein, we explored the potential of machine learning in predicting ionic conductivity in NASICON. We compile a database of 211 datasets, covering 160 NASICON materials, and employ facile descriptors, including synthesis parameters, test conditions, molecular and structural attributes, and electronic properties. Random forest (RF) and neural network (NN) models were developed and optimized, with NN performing notably better, particularly with limited data (R2=0.820). Our analysis spotlighted the pivotal role of Na stoichiometric count in ionic conductivity. Furthermore, the NN algorithm highlighted the comparable significance of synthesis parameters to structural factors in determining conductivity. In contrast, the impact of electronegativity on doped elements appears less significant, underscoring the importance of dopant size and quantity. This work underscores the potential of machine learning in advancing NASICON electrolyte design for sodium‐ion batteries, offering insights into conductivity drivers and a more efficient path to optimizing materials.
Intersectionality of demographic characteristics in self‐reported anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and probable eating disorders among college students
Authors: Egbert Jamie , Luke Amy , Qeadan Fares 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate associations between identity intersectionality, with a primary focus on minority identity, and probable eating disorders (EDs) within the US college student population.MethodData consisting of n = 414,299 college students' responses to the American College Health Association's National College Health Assessment between fall 2015 and spring 2019 were utilized for this study. Overall and stratified adjusted odds ratios (aORs) were used to assess the association between different facets of identity (i.e., race/ethnicity, gender identity, and sexual orientation) and probable EDs.ResultsAmong all, in our analytic sample, 7.15% reported a probable ED. Interactions between all three identity variables were significant, and thus stratified odds ratios were evaluated. Transgender men were significantly more likely to report probable ED than cisgender male peers within the following racial/ethnic groups: non‐Hispanic White (aOR: 3.33; 95% CI: 2.79, 3.96; p < .0001), non‐Hispanic Black (aOR: 3.29; 95% CI: 1.72, 6.28; p = .0003), Hispanic (aOR: 2.31; 95% CI: 1.55, 3.43; p < .0001), Asian or Pacific Islander (aOR: 2.19; 95% CI: 1.45, 3.30; p = .0002), Biracial or Multicultural (aOR: 3.36; 95% CI: 2.17, 5.22; p < .0001), and other (aOR: 4.19; 95% CI: 2.25, 7.79; p < .0001).ConclusionsThis study underscores the importance of increasing our understanding of interactions between marginalized identities and the ways in which minority identity informs ED risk.Public significanceThe impact of multiple marginalized identities on ED outcomes is not well understood. Our study expands on previous ACHA‐NCHA studies by addressing identity intersectionality, looking at more than one identity at a time (i.e., specifically race/ethnicity, gender identity, and sexual orientation). Our results contribute unique risk profiles for students who identify with multiple marginalized groups. Further, they indicate that that these associations vary based on the compounded effect of the demographic factors considered.
Improvement in health‐related quality of life and symptoms of anxiety and depression in patients with alopecia areata randomized to baricitinib or placebo: Results from two international randomized controlled trials
Authors: Piraccini Bianca M. , Ohyama Manabu , Craiglow Brittany , Bewley Anthony , Ding Yuxin , Chen Yun‐Fei , Dutronc Yves , Pierce Evangeline , Durand Frederick , Mostaghimi Arash 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundAlopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune hair loss disorder associated with high rates of emotional and psychosocial distress. Baricitinib, an oral selective Janus kinase (JAK) 1 and JAK 2 inhibitor, was superior to placebo with respect to hair regrowth in two phase 3 trials involving 1200 adults with severe AA (≥50% of scalp hair loss).ObjectivesThis analysis investigated the evolution of health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) and symptoms of anxiety and depression after treatment with baricitinib in severe AA.MethodsPatients were randomized to placebo, baricitinib 2‐mg, or baricitinib 4‐mg. Improvements in HRQoL and psychological burden were measured using Skindex‐16 AA and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scales (HADS‐A and HADS‐D), respectively. Changes from baseline through Week 36 were analyzed using analysis of covariance with modified last observation carried forward for missing data. Proportion of patients with baseline HADS score ≥8 that shifted to <8 (normal) was analyzed at Week 36 using logistic regression with nonresponder imputation.ResultsAt Week 36, patients receiving baricitinib 2‐mg and 4‐mg reported significant improvements versus placebo in Skindex‐16 AA symptoms (2‐mg: −2.80 and 4‐mg: −2.53), functioning (2‐mg: −14.02 and 4‐mg: −17.14), and emotions (2‐mg: −20.42 and 4‐mg: −24.11) domain scores. In comparison to placebo, patients receiving baricitinib 2‐mg and 4‐mg experienced significant reductions in HADS‐A (2‐mg:‐0.96 and 4‐mg:‐1.04) and HADS‐D (2‐mg: −0.30 and 4‐mg: −0.33) scores after 36 weeks. More patients on baricitinib shifted from a score ≥8 to <8 for anxiety (2‐mg: 33% and 4‐mg: 39%) and depression (2‐mg: 34% and 4‐mg: 45%) but results were generally not significant.ConclusionsIn two large trials, greater improvements in HRQoL and symptoms of anxiety and depression were observed after treatment with baricitinib 2‐mg and 4‐mg compared to placebo. These results support that hair regrowth has a positive impact on HRQoL and psychological burden in severe AA.
Bridging the Gap: Association between Objective and Subjective Outcomes of Communication Performance in People with Parkinson's Disease Evaluated for Deep Brain Stimulation
Authors: Rodriguez‐Porcel Federico , Schwen Blackett Deena , Hickok Gregory , Bonilha Leonardo , Turner Travis H. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundDecrements in verbal fluency following deep brain stimulation (DBS) in people with Parkinson's disease (PwP) are common. As such, verbal fluency tasks are used in assessing DBS candidacy and target selection. However, the correspondence between testing performance and the patient's perception of communication abilities is not well‐established.MethodsThe Communication Participation Item Bank (CPIB) was administered to 85 PwP during pre‐DBS neuropsychological evaluations. Central tendencies for CPIB responses and correlations between CPIB total scores, clinical and demographic factors, and language‐based tasks were examined.ResultsMost PwP indicated some degree of communication interference on the CPIB. Worse scores on semantic fluency and greater motor impairment were associated with more communication interference.ConclusionsOur findings suggest an incomplete correspondence between commonly used language‐based tests and patient‐reported outcomes of communication abilities. The need for a functional communication instrument that reflects the different aspects of communication abilities in functional contexts is emphasized.
Topology analysis of the Ripple transaction network
Authors: Jin Anan , Ye Yuhang , Lee Brian , Qiao Yuansong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe Ripple network is one typical blockchain‐based decentralized credit network, which supports money transfer without physical money movement by only transferring the credits between participants. It is critical to obtain a deep understanding on the characteristics of the payment networks while optimizing the network design and transaction routing. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis to the Ripple transaction network, including two subnets formed by the two key functionalities, that is, Ripple Direct Payment Network (RDPN) and Ripple Credit Payment Network (RCPN). The analysis is performed with different network metrics, including clustering coefficient, centrality, and so on. Furthermore, this paper provides an in‐depth analysis on the node degrees and edge weights, which reflect the number of transacted accounts of an account and the number of transactions between two accounts. The results show that the network is highly imbalanced and concentrated with a few nodes and edges holding most of the resources. Moreover, RDPN and RCPN show different characteristics in terms of transmitted and received transactions, the senders are more concentrated in RDPN, whereas in RCPN, the receivers are more concentrated.
A projection‐based reduced‐order model for parametric quasi‐static nonlinear mechanics using an open‐source industrial code
Authors: Agouzal Eki , Argaud Jean‐Philippe , Bergmann Michel , Ferté Guilhem , Taddei Tommaso 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe propose a projection‐based model order reduction procedure for a general class of parametric quasi‐static problems in nonlinear mechanics with internal variables. The methodology is integrated in the industrial finite element code codeaster. Model order reduction aims to lower the computational cost of engineering studies that involve the simulation to a costly high‐fidelity differential model for many different parameters, which correspond, for example to material properties or initial and boundary conditions. We develop an adaptive algorithm based on a POD‐Greedy strategy, and we develop an hyper‐reduction strategy based on an element‐wise empirical quadrature in order to speed up the assembly costs of the reduced‐order model by building an appropriate reduced mesh. We introduce a cost‐efficient error indicator which relies on the reconstruction of the stress field by a Gappy‐POD strategy. We present numerical results for a three‐dimensional elastoplastic system in order to illustrate and validate the methodology.
An Exploratory Analysis of the Chronic Rhinosinusitis Online Support Community
Authors: Ulloa Ruben , Tam Benjamin , Orozco Francis Reyes , Castellanos Carlos X. , Chang Michael T. , Hur Kevin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo characterize the users of the largest chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) online support communities (OSCs), describe the perceived benefits of OSCs for their users, and understand how patient medical decision making is affected by membership in OSCs.Study DesignCross‐sectional online survey.SettingOnline.MethodsA cross‐sectional online survey was adapted from the existing literature on patient support groups and modified for CRS patients. The survey was posted on multiple Facebook/Reddit groups aimed at providing support toward patients with CRS. Survey data was collected over 3 months and analyzed thereafter.ResultsThere were 127 total participants. The majority were female (65.35%), white (76.98%), and the median age was 38 years. Just under half of patients had nasal polyps (48.67%) and 54.54% had undergone surgery. Many participants (69.42%) reported engaging in the OSC at least multiple times per month. The most common reason for joining an OSC was to learn tips on how to manage CRS (89.7%) and the most achieved goal from membership was hearing from others undergoing a similar experience (79.5%). Involvement in an OSC impacted knowledge of CRS in 87.41% of participants. Most users (81.1%) would recommend membership in an OSC and 54.33% reported the OSC influenced their medical decision‐making.ConclusionA majority of patients with CRS who frequently engage in an OSC for CRS have a positive experience. OSCs are a resource that CRS patients utilize to manage their disease.
A fire‐safe, single‐component epoxy resin based on a phosphorus/imidazole‐containing latent curing agent and diphenylphosphine
Authors: Hu Ben , Wang Jun , Chen Xi , Wang Jingsheng , Yang Shuang , Zhu Lu , Zou Lanian , Huo Siqi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis work reported a flame‐retardant, single‐component epoxy resin (EP) via introducing diphenylphosphine (DPP) and benzimidazolyl‐substituted cyclotriphosphazene (BICP) into EP. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) test showed that the onset curing temperature of DPP/BICP‐15/10 was 50°C lower than that of BICP‐12 due to the catalytic decomposition effect of DPP toward BICP under heating. Besides, the shelf life of DPP/BICP‐15/10 at room temperature reached ~14 days, demonstrating good storage stability. EP/DPP/BICP maintained satisfactory thermal properties and showed excellent flame retardancy with a UL‐94V‐0 classification. Compared with the unmodified EP sample, the peak heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release (THR) of DPP/BICP‐15/13 were decreased by ~68.1% and ~55.1%, respectively. Hence, this flame‐retardant, single‐component epoxy resin with satisfactory comprehensive properties exhibited great potential for versatile industrial applications.