bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulatory Pathways for Ayurvedic Formulations in India
Authors: Sanduja Mohit , Gaur Rishabh , Sharma Anuj Kumar , Pathak Devender , Kulshreshtha Mayank 
Published: November 2023

Abstract:
Ayurveda, a traditional system of medicine originating in India, focuses on teaching people how to live a healthy lifestyle. Ayurveda describes health as harmony between body, mind, emotions, and spirituality. It interprets illness as a symptom and result of disharmony. It is a system that is increasingly becoming an object of interest for people around the world. It is a way for healthy people looking for methods of prevention and patients looking for natural ways to heal. The regulatory requirements for its formulations have been a major challenge. Some regulations for Ayurveda are clubbed together with those of other systems of medicine, for ex-ample, Siddha, Unani, and Homeopathy due to their similarity, but the official books relevant to the Ayurvedic systems of medicine are separately compiled and conserved. Ayurveda does not prohibit anything, it does not act invasively or aggressively, and in the treatment of ailments it uses all naturally occurring bioactive substances, which, for example, in Western countries are associated with "functional food" or "dietary supplements". In order to increase the quality and reliability of Ayurvedic formulations, various councils and departments under these ministries have been laying the foundation of standards and protocols as per the demands of regulatory au-thorities. The direct or indirect connection among the different Ministries of India governing the regulations for the production, standardization, and development of Ayurvedic formulations has also been viewed. Improvement in quality parameters has a higher level of acceptance of ayur-vedic formulations. It has amplified the market size of the ayurvedic pharmaceutical industry. The synchronisation of various regulations in India could emerge as a powerful tool in establish-ing a novel platform for the whole world in the manufacturing and development of ayurvedic formulations for the benefit of mankind.
Off-label Use of Medicines in COVID-19: A Lesson For Future
Authors: Hemmati Ali Asghar , Mojiri-Forushani Hoda 
Published: November 2023

Abstract:
The COVID-19 infection is rapidly spreading worldwide. Treating this new viral infection
is a great challenge worldwide. There is no specific and approved medication for its treatment,
so some medications are considered off-label. Antivirals, corticosteroids, antimalarial agents, and
antibiotics are proposed in different countries to treat COVID-19. This narrative review discussed the
off-label use of medications for COVID-19 and the beneficial and adverse effects of them. Evidence
was collected and sorted from the literature ranging from 2019 to 2022 on scientific databases such
as Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus with suitable keywords. All papers, namely systematic
reviews, case studies, and clinical guidelines, were evaluated. Antimalarial agents, antivirals, antibiotics,
corticosteroids, NSAIDs, biological medicines, Ivermectin, and melatonin were reviewed in
this study. Some medications have direct antiviral effects, and many can reduce infection symptoms
and hospitalization. In some clinical trial trials, even some of them, such as corticosteroids, can lower
death rates, particularly during the cytokine storm period. However, the effectiveness of some
medications has not been understood. Besides, the side effects of off-label use of these medications
must be considered a serious concern. There are no proven medications for COVID-19 yet. Off-label
use of medications is a double-edged sword that can have advantages outweighing its disadvantages.
The COVID-19 crisis taught us many lessons about dealing with health-related crises and their
treatment management. One of the most important lessons is paying more attention to the discovery
and development of novel drugs and vaccines based on modern technology.
Studi Perencanaan Pengelak Tipe Konduit dan Cofferdam di Bendungan Cijurey Kabupaten Bogor Provinsi Jawa Barat
Authors: Fakhrulloh Ahzar , Suwanto Marsudi  , Evi Nur Cahya  
Published: November 2023

Banjir di daerah hilir sungai Citarum merupakan permasalahan yang menjadi perhatian bersama khususnya bagi daerah Provinsi Jawa Barat, maka dibangun Bendungan Cijurey. Bendungan Cijurey berlokasi di Desa Sukadamai, Kecamatan Sukamakmur, Kabupaten Bogor. Pada pelaksanaan konstruksi bendungan dibutuhkan bangunan pengelakan aliran sungai. Studi ini dilakukan guna merencanakan konduit pengelak dan cofferdam pada Bendungan Cijurey. Direncanakan Konduit berbentuk persegi dan cofferdam. Dilakukan penelusuran banjir untuk menentukan tinggi muka air pada inlet konduit. Dilakukan perhitungan rembesan dan stabilitas lereng cofferdam, serta dilakukan analisa struktur pada konduit pengelak. Perhitungan penelusuran banjir dengan kala ulang 25 tahun dengan debit sebesar 291,47 m3/detik didapatkan ketinggian muka air pada inlet konduit 9,43 m maka dipilih dimensi konduit 5x5m dan tinggi cofferdam setinggi 10 m. Didesain cofferdam berinti lempung urugan kerikil-kerakal dengan kemiringan lereng 1 : 2,5 dan diberi perlindungan riprap. Perhitungan rembesan dan stabilitas lereng pada cofferdam telah memenuhi standard minimum. Analisa struktur pada konduit berdimensi 5x5m dengan ketebalan 1,25 m, 1 m, dan 0,85 m dihitung nilai momen maksimum, maka didapatkan tulangan masing-masing secara berurutan yaitu, tulangan utama D29-120 dan tulangan bagi D25-120, tulangan utama D29-130 dan tulangan bagi D25-150, dan tulangan utama D29-100 dan tulangan bagi D22-140.
Collection and Analysis of Adherence Information for Software as a Medical Device Clinical Trials: Systematic Review
Authors: Grayek Emily , Krishnamurti Tamar , Hu Lydia , Babich Olivia , Warren Katherine , Fischhoff Baruch 
Published: November 2023

Background
The rapid growth of digital health apps has necessitated new regulatory approaches to ensure compliance with safety and effectiveness standards. Nonadherence and heterogeneous user engagement with digital health apps can lead to trial estimates that overestimate or underestimate an app’s effectiveness. However, there are no current standards for how researchers should measure adherence or address the risk of bias imposed by nonadherence through efficacy analyses.

Objective
This systematic review aims to address 2 critical questions regarding clinical trials of software as a medical device (SaMD) apps: How well do researchers report adherence and engagement metrics for studies of effectiveness and efficacy? and What efficacy analyses do researchers use to account for nonadherence and how appropriate are their methods?

Methods
We searched the Food and Drug Administration’s registration database for registrations of repeated-use, patient-facing SaMD therapeutics. For each such registration, we searched ClinicalTrials.gov, company websites, and MEDLINE for the corresponding clinical trial and study articles through March 2022. Adherence and engagement data were summarized for each of the 24 identified articles, corresponding to 10 SaMD therapeutics. Each article was analyzed with a framework developed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias questions to estimate the potential effects of imperfect adherence on SaMD effectiveness. This review, funded by the Richard King Mellon Foundation, is registered on the Open Science Framework.

Results
We found that although most articles (23/24, 96%) reported collecting information about SaMD therapeutic engagement, of the 20 articles for apps with prescribed use, only 9 (45%) reported adherence information across all aspects of prescribed use: 15 (75%) reported metrics for the initiation of therapeutic use, 16 (80%) reported metrics reporting adherence between the initiation and discontinuation of the therapeutic (implementation), and 4 (20%) reported the discontinuation of the therapeutic (persistence). The articles varied in the reported metrics. For trials that reported adherence or engagement, there were 4 definitions of initiation, 8 definitions of implementation, and 4 definitions of persistence. All articles studying a therapeutic with a prescribed use reported effectiveness estimates that might have been affected by nonadherence; only a few (2/20, 10%) used methods appropriate to evaluate efficacy.

Conclusions
This review identifies 5 areas for improving future SaMD trials and studies: use consistent metrics for reporting adherence, use reliable adherence metrics, preregister analyses for observational studies, use less biased efficacy analysis methods, and fully report statistical methods and assumptions.
PRINCIPALES CAUSAS DEL PORQUÉ EMPLEADOS DE EMPREAS MEXICANAS NO TRANSNACIONALES NO DESEAN PERMANECER POR LARGOS PERIODOS DE TIEMPO EN UNA MISMA COMPAÑÍA
Authors: Flores Alvarado Jesús 
Published: November 2023

Las empresas mexicanas, principalmente las tradicionales y que no han cruzado las fronteras del país, es decir, que solo se han dedicado a mantenerse vivas dentro del territorio mexicano, no provocan la emoción necesaria en el empleado para que sus intereses profesionales se forjen en un mismo lugar.
El empleado, hablando de quienes laboran en trabajos de oficina, donde depositan sus buenas intenciones de desarrollar su carrera profesional, no recibe de manera reciproca por parte de la empresa ese compromiso por el cual demuestran al iniciar su labor en la nueva compañía a la que ingresaron.
Las empresas mexicanas, sin generalizar, quieren obtener beneficios inmediatos sin darse cuenta de que no han “afilado el hacha después de haber cortado más de mil árboles”, es decir, no piensan que a los empleados hay que capacitarlos, reconocerlos, desarrollarlos y motivarlos entro otras cosas. Para mantener viva la empresa obteniendo los resultados esperados no se puede pensar que las cosas irán en ascenso si no contamos con el poder del empleado desarrollado en sus habilidades y capacidades para lo que fue contratado.
El patrón, gerente o líder debe tener entre sus principales objetivos el desarrollo de todo colaborador que lo representa. A su vez, el departamento de Capital Humano tiene un gran reto que es medido por medio de un indicador al que se le llama “rotación del personal”. Debe existir un triángulo de comunión y es conformado por: El patrón, gerente o líder, colaborador, representante(s) del Capital Humano, para obtener de personal ordinario resultados extraordinarios.
Tinjauan Sosiologi Hukum Penerapan Sanksi Pelaku Pelanggaran Penanganan Covid-19 di Kota Makassar
Authors: Faradillah Nurafni , Istiqamah  , Safriani Andi 
Published: November 2023

Penelitian ini dilakukan bertujuan untuk mengetahui, pertama bagaimanakah penerapan sanksi bagi masyarakat yang melakukan pelanggaran terhadap ketentuan perundang-undangan tentang peraturan walikota Makassar dalam penanganan wabah Covid 19 di Makassar. Kedua, sejauh manakah dampak yang ditimbulkan dari implementasi ketentuan perundang-undangan dalam penanganan wabah Covid 19 ditinjau dari segi sosiologi hukum. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kepustakaan (library research) dengan pendekatan penelitian menggunakan metode Socio Legal Approach.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penerapan sanksi bagi masyarakat yang melakukan pelanggaran terhadap peraturan-peraturan walikota Makassar dalam penanganan wabah Covid 19 yang diterapkan oleh pemerintah Kota Makassar hampir sepenuhnya telah berjalan dengan efektif, dibuktikan dengan pelaksanaan operasi yustisi oleh aparat gabungan TNI-POLRI di mana setiap pelanggar protokol kesehatan langsung diberikan sanksi di tempat kejadian baik itu sanksi sosial, sanksi denda, maupun sanksi administrasi.
Development of an Android Educational Game Magic Square -Megaforce Assisted to Improve Students' Creative Thinking Skills
Authors: Fatahillah Arif , Wicaksono Arif , Hussen Saddam , Setiawani Susi , Murtikusuma Randi Pratama 
Published: November 2023

Abstract:The development of educational games is very relevant to learning activities in schools today. This research developed the Android educational game Magic Square – Megaforce to be valid, practical, and effective in improving students' creative thinking skills. This research is a development research with a 4-D model. The validity of educational games reached a high category with a correlation coefficient value of 0.95. This educational game is also declared practical with an average learning implementation of 100%. The effectiveness of this educational game was assessed based on classical learning completeness of 85.7%, student learning activities of 80%, and student response questionnaires of 85.5%, all of which were in the Good category. Educational game design can still be refined for further research so that it is more varied.Abstrak:Pengembangan game edukasi sangat relevan dengan kegiatan pembelajaran di sekolah saat ini. Penelitian ini mengembangkan game edukasi Android Magic Square – Megaforce hingga valid, praktis, dan efektif meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kreatif siswa. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan dengan model 4-D. Validitas game edukasi mencapai kategori tinggi dengan nilai koefisien korelasi 0,95. Game edukasi ini juga dinyatakan praktis dengan rata-rata keterlaksanaan pembelajaran sebesar 100%. Efektifitas game edukasi ini dinilai berdasarkan ketuntasan belajar klasikal sebesar 85,7%, aktivitas belajar siswa sebesar 80% dan angket respon siswa sebesar 85,5% yang semuanya berada pada kategori Baik. Desain game edukasi masih dapat disempurnakan untuk penelitian selanjutnya sehingga lebih variatif.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Think Talk Write dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Komunikasi Matematis Siswa
Authors: Febriyanti Ririn , Azisi Rizky Amalia , Fikrati Ama Noor 
Published: November 2023

Abstract:Think Talk Write (TTW) is a type of cooperative learning that helps students be actively involved in learning activities, and have responsibilities to themselves and their peers. The purpose of this study is to describe the improvement of students' mathematical communication skills using TTW in grade X students in one of the high schools in Jombang. This research is a class action research that starts from planning, implementation, action, and reflection. The instruments used are observation sheets of students' mathematical communication skills orally and in writing and tests. The results showed an increase in students' oral mathematical communication skills from each cycle of the cycle I 50% with good enough criteria to 71% in cycle II with good criteria. The results of the mathematical communication skills test cycle I showed an average of 68.84 with a classical completeness of 68.75% and cycle II an average of 84.88 with a classical completeness of 84.38%.Abstrak:Think Talk Write (TTW) merupakan salah satu tipe dalam pembelajaran kooperatif yang membantu siswa terlibat secara aktif dalam kegiatanpembelajaran, memiliki tanggungjawab terhadap dirinya sendiri dan terhadap temannya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan peningkatan kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa dengan menggunakan TTW pada siswa kelas X di salah satu SMA di Jombang. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas yang dimulai dari perencanaan, pelaksanaan, tindakan dan refleksi. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah lembar observasi kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa secara lisan dan tulisan dan tes. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terjadi peningkatan kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa secara lisan dari setiap siklus siklus I 50% dengan kriteria cukup baik menjadi 71% pada siklus II dengan kriteria baik. Hasil tes kemampuan komunikasi matematis siklus I menunjukkan rata-rata 68,84 dengan ketuntasan klasikal sebesar 68,75% dan siklus II rata-rata 84,88dengan ketuntasan klasikal sebesar 84,38%.
Investigasi Keterampilan Mengajar Calon Guru Matematika ditinjau dari Perspektif Gender
Authors: Lailiyah Siti 
Published: November 2023

Abstract:Teaching skills must be mastered by the teacher so that learning is meaningful, efficient, and enjoyable. Teacher teaching skills between male and female teachers have a significant effect on learning achievement, learning motivation, and student curiosity in studying. The purpose of this study was to investigate the teaching skills of student-teacher candidates in (PLP/microteaching) in schools in terms of gender differences. This study uses a qualitative method with a case study approach. The subjects of this study were taken by 4 mathematics education students at UIN Surabaya who were conducting microteaching at private Islamic High School Sidoarjo, East Java, consisting of 2 female students and 2 male students. The research instruments were the Lesson Implementation Plan assessment supervision sheets and teaching practice observation sheets. Data analysis techniques consist of data collection, data reduction, data presentation and conclusions. The results of this study found that the category of teaching skills for two female students was in the very good category, while one male student was in the very good category and one student was in the good category.Abstrak:Keterampilan mengajar harus dikuasai oleh guru agar pembelajaran yang dilakukan bermakna, efektif dan menyenangkan. Keterampilan mengajar guru laki-laki dan perempuan memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap prestasi belajar, motivasi belajar, dan rasa ingin tahu peserta didik dalam pembelajaran. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu investigasi keterampilan mengajar mahasiswa calon guru dalam PLP (Pengenalan Lapangan Persekolahan) di sekolah ditinjau dari perspektif gender. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Subjek penelitian ini diambil 4 subjek mahasiswa pendidikan matematika UIN Surabaya yang sedang melakukan microteaching di MA Swasta Sidoarjo Jawa Timur, yang terdiri 2 mahasiswa perempuan dan 2 mahasiswa laki-laki. Instrumen penelitian ini yaitu lembar supervisi penilaian Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran (RPP) dan lembar observasi praktik mengajar. Teknik analisis data terdiri dari pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data dan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini didapatkan bahwa kategori keterampilan mengajar dua mahasiswa perempuan berada di kategori sangat baik, satu mahasiswa laki-laki berada di kategori sangat baik dan satu mahasiswa berada di kategori baik.
Comparison of Carotid Artery Dose in Early-Stage Glottic Cancer Treated with 3D-Conformal, Helical-IMRT and VMAT
Authors: Pires B , Rothwell D , Guimarães I , Sousa J , Magalhães R , Serra T , Khouri L , Alves P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
The aim of this study was to compare the dosimetry of carotid arteries (CAs) using three radiation therapy (RT) techniques, three-dimensional conformal RT (3D-CRT), helical tomotherapy-intensity-modulated RT (HT-IMRT), and volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT), in patients with early-stage glottic cancer.

Patients and Methods
A retrospective analysis of 28 patients was performed, and the right and left CAs were delineated. Mean and maximum dose (Dmax) values were compared across the three treatment techniques.

Results
The results indicate that 3D-CRT plans had the highest mean and maximum doses to CAs, while VMAT plans had the lowest doses.

Conclusions
Our study demonstrates the feasibility of sparing CAs with newer RT modalities. Further clinical studies are needed to determine if these techniques can reduce carotid stenosis-related events.
RHODODENDRON ASTROPHORUM (ERICACEAE, RHODODENDRON SECT. SCHISTANTHE), A NEW MICRO-ENDEMIC SPECIES FROM CENTRAL PALAWAN, PHILIPPINES
Authors: Tamayo Maverick , Marcos-Langbao Abrila , Bustamante Rene Alfred Anton , Ang Yu Pin , Schubert Dale , Mustaqim Wendy , Fritsch Peter , Robinson Alastair 
Published: November 2023

A new micro-endemic species of Rhododendron is described and illustrated from botanical expeditions to the Victoria-Anepahan Mountain Range on the island of Palawan. It closely resembles Rhododendron wilkiei but differs in having leaves with laminae that are narrowly elliptic-oblanceolate, have adaxially indistinct venation, and are arranged in 4–8 active and mostly terminal pseudowhorls along the length of the stem; bracts without scales on the margin; yellow flowers with a red corolla tube interior that is densely hairy towards the base; and hairy anther filament bases. Morphological and geographical data place the species in Rhododendron sect. Schistanthe. The new species, together with a first record of Rhododendron vidalii on Palawan as part of this research, represent the tenth and eleventh members of this genus recorded from the island. A revised key to the Palawan species of Rhododendron is provided.
INTERPRETATION OF ECOTOURISM BY TOUR GUIDE ON MANGROVE TOUR ATTRACTIONS IN BALI
Authors: Izaati Ismi Aliya , Dalem A.A.  Gde Raka , Joni Martin 
Published: November 2023

Ekowisata merupakan kegiatan pariwisata yang memfokuskan terhadap konservasi alam, kelestarian lingkungan serta pemberdayaan masyarakat setempat. Ekowisata mangrove tour dapat mengedukasi pengunjung tentang pentingnya menjaga kelestarian alam. Pemandu wisata/pramuwisata memegang peranan penting dalam pemberian edukasi tersebut melalui interpretasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas dari interpretasi yang diberikan oleh pemandu wisata/pramuwisata terhadap pengunjung, serta tipe interpretasi dan sarana interpretasi yang digunakan oleh pemandu wisata/pramuwisata ekowisata mangrove tour di Bali. Penelitian ini di Taman Hutan Raya (Tahura Ngurah Rai) dan HPI Bali antara bulan Januari – Juni 2022. Metode yang digunakan adalah observasi, pemeriksaan dokumen dan wawancara. Pemandu yang diwawancara sebanyak 26 orang, serta penyebaran kuesioner kepada wisatawan sebanyak 50 orang. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tipe interpretasi yang digunakan oleh pemandu wisata Tahura Ngurah Rai dan HPI Bali sebanyak 9 tipe, sarana interpretasi yang digunakan oleh pemandu wisata Tahura Ngurah Rai sebanyak 15 sarana, dan HPI sebanyak 15 sarana. Kualitas interpretasi pemandu wisata Tahura Ngurah Rai adalah baik (skor 77%) dan pemandu wisata HPI Bali adalah baik (skor 75%). Kepuasan wisatawan terhadap pemandu wisata dan interpretasi yang diberikan pemandu wisata adalah sangat baik (skor 84,4%). Aspek yang berpengaruh terhadap kualitas interpretasi pemandu wisata antara lain adalah pendidikan, pelatihan, dan pengalaman kerja. Manfaat yang diharapkan dari penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan edukasi terhadap wisatawan dan pemandu wisata tentang pentingnya kualitas interpretasi terhadap persepsi dan sikap wisatawan ekowisata mangrove tour.
Enzymatic Profile of Actinobacteria Across a Desertification Gradient in the Brazilian Semiarid Region
Authors: Dos Santos Franciandro Dantas , De Sousa Juliani Barbosa , Silva Valéria Maria Araújo , Bandeira Leonardo Lima , Da Silva Valéria Borges , Fernandes Júnior Paulo Ivan , Martins Suzana Cláudia Silveira , Martins Claudia Miranda 
Published: November 2023

Objective: This study aimed to determine the enzymatic profile for xylanase, amylase, cellulase and pectinase in areas with different levels of desertification, in order to investigate how this process influences the enzymatic variation of actinobacteria.

Method: Soil samples were collected from areas susceptible to desertification with different levels of vegetation cover in the Brazilian semiarid region. The enzymatic activities of 46 actinobacterial strains isolated from these areas were evaluated using specific culture media. Enzymatic indices were calculated and correlated with soil physicochemical properties.

Results: There was a significant difference in enzymatic activity according to the desertification gradient. Xylanase exhibited the highest enzymatic index, followed by pectinase, amylase and cellulase. The open area showed better performance for xylan degradation, indicating that lack of vegetation cover and low nutrient availability influenced this enzymatic activity.

Conclusion: The actinobacterial strains have potential for producing functional enzymes across a desertification gradient. Xylanase was the most frequent, suggesting adaptation of actinobacteria to degradation of complex plant polysaccharides in nutrient deprived soils.