bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large regional variability in geomagnetic storm effects in the auroral zone
Authors: Kärhä Otto , Tanskanen Eija I. , Vanhamäki Heikki 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA digital society is fragile and vulnerable to space-originated electromagnetic disturbances. Global geomagnetic conditions have been actively monitored since the invention of the magnetometer in 1833. However, regional changes in the magnetic environment have been widely left unstudied because of the sparsity of the observing networks. The Scandinavian Magnetometer Array (SMA) was the densest magnetometer network in history, and it was in operation in Fennoscandia during the International Magnetospheric Study (IMS) in 1976–1979. The data has been left mainly unstudied because it was recorded on 35 mm films, which are difficult to use for scientific studies. We used the DigiMAG digitization method to digitize magnetic data from all 32 SMA stations for a geomagnetic storm on 10–12 December 1977. Using these digitized values and modern magnetic data, we found large regional differences about up to 2 nT/km during strong geomagnetic storms (Dst 100–200 nT) and 7 nT/km for major scale Halloween geomagnetic storm, which correspond to 400 and 1400 nT difference for a typical 200 km station separation, respectively. The average size of substorms is 400 nT in the auroral zone. We conclude that the sparse magnetometer network can cause an underestimation of the regional magnetic disturbances and their effects. Misestimation of regional disturbances during extreme storms like the Carrington event may lead to insufficient planning of mitigation procedures and strategies.
Patient-derived organoids identify tailored therapeutic options and determinants of plasticity in sarcomatoid urothelial bladder cancer
Authors: Garioni Michele , Tschan Viviane J. , Blukacz Lauriane , Nuciforo Sandro , Parmentier Romuald , Roma Luca , Coto-Llerena Mairene , Pueschel Heike , Piscuoglio Salvatore , Vlajnic Tatjana , Stenner Frank , Seifert Hans-Helge , Rentsch Cyrill A. , Bubendorf Lukas , Le Magnen Clémentine 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSarcomatoid Urothelial Bladder Cancer (SARC) is a rare and aggressive histological subtype of bladder cancer for which therapeutic options are limited and experimental models are lacking. Here, we report the establishment of a long-term 3D organoid-like model derived from a SARC patient (SarBC-01). SarBC-01 emulates aggressive morphological, phenotypical, and transcriptional features of SARC and harbors somatic mutations in genes frequently altered in sarcomatoid tumors such as TP53 (p53) and RB1 (pRB). High-throughput drug screening, using a library comprising 1567 compounds in SarBC-01 and conventional urothelial carcinoma (UroCa) organoids, identified drug candidates active against SARC cells exclusively, or UroCa cells exclusively, or both. Among those, standard-of-care chemotherapeutic drugs inhibited both SARC and UroCa cells, while a subset of targeted drugs was specifically effective in SARC cells, including agents targeting the Glucocorticoid Receptor (GR) pathway. In two independent patient cohorts and in organoid models, GR and its encoding gene NR3C1 were found to be significantly more expressed in SARC as compared to UroCa, suggesting that high GR expression is a hallmark of SARC tumors. Further, glucocorticoid treatment impaired the mesenchymal morphology, abrogated the invasive ability of SARC cells, and led to transcriptomic changes associated with reversion of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, at single-cell level. Altogether, our study highlights the power of organoids for precision oncology and for providing key insights into factors driving rare tumor entities.
Enhanced interfacial water dissociation on a hydrated iron porphyrin single-atom catalyst in graphene
Authors: Scalfi Laura , Becker Maximilian R. , Netz Roland R. , Bocquet Marie-Laure 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSingle Atom Catalysis (SAC) is an expanding field of heterogeneous catalysis in which single metallic atoms embedded in different materials catalyze a chemical reaction, but these new catalytic materials still lack fundamental understanding when used in electrochemical environments. Recent characterizations of non-noble metals like Fe deposited on N-doped graphitic materials have evidenced two types of Fe-N4 fourfold coordination, either of pyridine type or of porphyrin type. Here, we study these defects embedded in a graphene sheet and immersed in an explicit aqueous medium at the quantum level. While the Fe-pyridine SAC model is clear cut and widely studied, it is not the case for the Fe-porphyrin SAC that remains ill-defined, because of the necessary embedding of odd-membered rings in graphene. We first propose an atomistic model for the Fe-porphyrin SAC. Using spin-polarized ab initio molecular dynamics, we show that both Fe SACs spontaneously adsorb two interfacial water molecules from the solvent on opposite sides. Interestingly, we unveil a different catalytic reactivity of the two hydrated SAC motives: while the Fe-porphyrin defect eventually dissociates an adsorbed water molecule under a moderate external electric field, the Fe-pyridine defect does not convey water dissociation.
Update – Lipidsenkende Therapie bei pAVK
Authors: Mühlberg Katja Sibylle 
Published: November 2023

Was ist neu?
Versorgungsrealität Trotz klarer Leitlinienempfehlungen werden nur etwa jedem 2. pAVK-Patienten Statine verordnet, Frauen zudem seltener als Männern. Die Rate der eingelösten Rezepte liegt drastisch unter der ohnehin schon niedrigen Verschreibungsrate, sodass <⅓ aller pAVK-Patienten überhaupt eine lipidsenkende Therapie einnimmt.
Outcome-Relevanz und erweitertes Therapiespektrum: International besteht Konsens darüber, dass jeder pAVK-Patient mit Statinen behandelt werden soll, da diese nicht nur lipidsenkend, sondern auch plaquestabilisierend wirken und hieraus ein prognostischer Nutzen resultiert. Extremitätenbezogene Endpunkte, sog. MALE (s.u.), können durch Lipidsenkung um 24% im Vergleich zu Placebo reduziert werden. Die Kombination aus niedrigdosiertem hochpotenten Statin mit Ezetimib kann einer hochdosierten Statin-Monotherapie ebenbürtig sein und bei besserer Verträglichkeit die Therapieadhärenz fördern. Im Vergleich zu niedrigpotenten Statinen reduzieren hochpotente Statine die Gesamtmortalität um 36% und haben einen signifikanten Einfluss auf kardiovaskuläre und extremitätenbezogene Endpunkte. Eine Statinintoleranz wird bei bestimmten Risikogruppen häufiger beobachtet, ist insgesamt aber sehr selten. Wirksame Alternativen sind Bempedoinsäure und PCSK9-Inhibitoren.
Lipoprotein(a) Etwa 20% der Bevölkerung haben stark erhöhte Lp(a)-Werte, die ein über das Lipidmanagement hinausgehendes Risikofaktoren-Management erfordern. Eine hohe Lp(a)-Konzentration ist als unabhängiger Risikofaktor für alle Manifestationen der Atherosklerose mit einem pAVK-Progress, erhöhten Restenoseraten und drastisch erhöhten Amputationsraten assoziiert. Jeder Erwachsene sollte 1-mal im Leben eine Lp(a)-Bestimmung erhalten.
Government Relations and Interventional Radiology
Authors: Englander Meridith J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHealth care policy in the United States is made by nonphysician lawmakers and government employees. Through advocacy and lobbying, physicians have an opportunity to be involved in the process. Interventional radiologists (IRs) are the experts on issues related to IR. Government relation offers IRs the opportunity to engage with members of Congress, officials in Federal and State agencies, and State legislators to inform and influence their decision making. The Society of Interventional Radiology PAC (SIRPAC) is the only PAC to represent the interests of interventional radiology. Increased contributions to SIRPAC are essential to be sure that the voice of IR is heard.
Development and User Testing of a Dynamic Tool for Rheumatic Heart Disease Management
Authors: de Loizaga Sarah R. , Pulle Jafesi , Rwebembera Joselyn , Abrams Jessica , Atala Jenifer , Chesnut Emily , Danforth Kristen , Fall Ndate , Felicelli Nicholas , Lapthorn Karen , Longenecker Chris T. , Minja Neema W. , Moore Ryan A. , Morrison Riley , Mwangi Jeremiah , Nakagaayi Doreen , Nakitto Miriam , Sable Craig , Sanyahumbi Amy , Sarnacki Rachel , Thembo Jenipher , Vincente Sophie La , Watkins David , Zühlke Liesl , Okello Emmy , Beaton Andrea , Dexheimer Judith W. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Objective Most rheumatic heart disease (RHD) registries are static and centralized, collecting epidemiological and clinical data without providing tools to improve care. We developed a dynamic cloud-based RHD case management application with the goal of improving care for patients with RHD in Uganda.
Methods The Active Community Case Management Tool (ACT) was designed to improve community-based case management for chronic disease, with RHD as the first test case. Global and local partner consultation informed selection of critical data fields and prioritization of application functionality. Multiple stages of review and revision culminated in user testing of the application at the Uganda Heart Institute.
Results Global and local partners provided feedback of the application via survey and interview. The application was well received, and top considerations included avenues to import existing patient data, considering a minimum data entry form, and performing a situation assessment to tailor ACT to the health system setup for each new country. Test users completed a postuse survey. Responses were favorable regarding ease of use, desire to use the application in regular practice, and ability of the application to improve RHD care in Uganda. Concerns included appropriate technical skills and supports and potential disruption of workflow.
Conclusion Creating the ACT application was a dynamic process, incorporating iterative feedback from local and global partners. Results of the user testing will help refine and optimize the application. The ACT application showed potential for utility and integration into existing care models in Uganda.
Working with Hospital Administration: Strategies for Success
Authors: Ray Charles E. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractOrganizational structure has evolved over the past several decades, with physicians assuming more or fewer leadership positions over time. Regardless of the role of physicians in health care organizational leadership, constant meaningful communication with the hospital, radiology group, or greater physician group administrative leadership is vital for any group of IR physicians to be successful. Understanding what is considered important to hospital administration and, in particular, being closely aligned with the C-suite leadership, is paramount to having successful communication with these stakeholders. Although each situation will obligatorily be unique, certain themes can be followed to optimize the working relationship between an interventional radiology service and organizational administration. This article provides guidelines and suggestions specifically in communicating with health care system leadership.
Analysis and optimization of a novel high cooling flux stacked T-shaped thermoelectric cooler
Authors: Yin Shengchao , Zhao Huadong , Zhang Jingshuang , Li Cheng 
Published: November 2023

To meet the cooling demands of high heat flow density hotspots in scenarios such as electronic chips, a novel three-dimensional stacked T-shaped thermoelectric cooler (STTEC) is designed in this study. Under steady-state conditions, a finite element method with coupled thermal–electrical–mechanical physical fields is utilized, and the temperature dependence of thermoelectric (TE) materials is considered. First, the cooling flux, coefficient of performance (COP), and minimum cooling temperature of STTEC under different input-current and thermal boundary conditions are investigated and compared to the traditional π-shaped thermoelectric cooler (π-TEC). Second, the effects of geometrical parameter variations under optimal currents on the cooling performance and reliability of STTEC are studied. Finally, the structural parameters are optimized. The results show that the STTEC altered the path of TE conversion and transfer, which significantly improved the optimal current. The STTEC has a remarkable advantage in cooling performance under low temperature differences or high cooling loads. Compared to the π-TEC, STTEC enhances cooling flux by 101.6%, rises COP by 358.5%, and lowers the cold-end temperature by 46.6 K. At optimal current conditions, by optimizing the thickness of the T-shaped copper slice and the height difference between the TE leg and the T-shaped copper slice, the thermal stress decreased by 18.4%. The STTEC’s novel design could inspire the manufacturing and commercialization of high-performance thermoelectric coolers.
The contingency of prophetic semantics in Walter Chatton’s
Lectura
Authors: Bornholdt Jon 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This paper examines Walter Chatton’s discussion of the problem
of prophesied future contingents in his Lectura super
Sententias. Faced with the challenge of reconciling the supposedly
veridical character of divine prophecy with human freedom to do otherwise,
Chatton casts the relation of prophecy to event in the form of a logical
consequentia and formulates two rules which depend on the
character of the antecedent in question. In the case of antecedents involving
divine knowledge and related phenomena, the freedom of the wayfarer to do
otherwise is secured by the assumption that the consequence is necessary but the
antecedent is semantically contingent. In the case of concrete utterances and
phenomena, on the other hand, the wayfarer’s freedom is secured by the
assumption that the consequence itself is contingent. Chatton’s treatment, while
analytically subtle and rigorous, leaves a number of important questions
unanswered, most notably that of the ontological openness or closure of the
future. Nevertheless, it is interesting both in its own right and insofar as it
provides a clarifying source for Chatton’s later discussion of the same topic in
his Quodlibet.
Examining the communication of female political leaders in the Global South
Authors: Nartey Mark 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This Special Issue expands on the ongoing dialogue on the decolonial project by bringing together thought-provoking
papers that examine the communication of female political leaders in the Global South. It draws on data from West Africa, Latin
America, the Caribbean and the Middle East to elucidate how female politicians deploy language (including multimodal forms) to
position themselves in the political arena and utilize linguistic resources to navigate the discursive practices associated with
their political roles and responsibilities. The issue offers a critical discursive perspective on the complex interplay of gender,
culture and political leadership, and holds implications for how key issues such as voice, agency, solidarity and empowerment are
conceptualized and enacted in specific sociocultural contexts. It also contributes to overcoming epistemicide by decentring
knowledge production and underscoring the importance of valuing and engaging with different knowledge systems, especially
non-Western epistemologies.
Zero-Field ODMR and relaxation of Si-vacancy centers in 6H-SiC
Authors: Singh Harpreet , Anisimov Andrey N , Baranov Pavel G , Suter Dieter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Silicon vacancies in silicon carbide (SiC) have been proposed as interesting candidates for quantum technology applications such as quantum sensing and quantum repeaters. SiC exists in many polytypes with different plane stacking sequences, and in each polytype, the vacancies can occupy a variety of different lattice sites. In this work, we focus on the three important charged silicon vacancies in the 6H-SiC polytype. We record the photoluminescence and continuous-wave optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) spectra at different radio-frequency power levels and different temperatures. We individually select the zero-phonon lines of the different silicon vacancies at low temperatures and record the corresponding ODMR spectra. ODMR allows us to correlate optical and magnetic resonance spectra and thereby separate signals from V
1 and V
3. The results also explain the observed sign change of the ODMR signal as a function of temperature.
Long-term stability of hydroxyapatite bone phantoms for the calibration of in vivo x-ray fluorescence spectrometry-based systems of bone lead and strontium quantification
Authors: Micsa Matthew , Ha Diana , Da Silva Eric 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Hydroxyapatite (HAp) phantoms have been proposed as an alternative to plaster of Paris (poP) phantoms for the calibration of x-ray fluorescence-based systems for the in vivo quantification of bone lead and strontium which employ a coherent normalization procedure. The chemical composition of the material becomes critical in the calculation, or omission, of the coherent correction factor (CCF) required in this normalization procedure. This study evaluated the long-term chemical stability of HAp phantoms. Phantoms were prepared and allowed to age for a two week period and over a seven year period in ambient conditions. The chemical composition of the phantoms was then assessed by powder x-ray diffraction. Two week old phantoms were found to be composed of HAp with only a small amount of contamination from CaHPO4·2H2O. Seven year old phantoms were found to have converted nearly completely to a carbonate-bearing apatite in the form of Ca10(PO4)6(CO3)0.75(OH)0.5 indicating that the HAp phantom material likely reacts with carbon dioxide in air over time forming a carbonate-bearing apatite. The influence of this chemical conversion was assessed at the level of relevant cross-sections. Calibration under the assumption that the material is HAp when in fact it is a carbonate-bearing apatite would result in not more than a 0.2%–2% bias in the total mass attenuation coefficient within the photon energy range of 0–100 keV. Differential scattering cross-section for coherent scattering was found to differ between HAp and carbonate-bearing apatite by 0.9%–2% for both a 35.5 keV and 88.0 keV γ-ray. This variation in the differential scattering cross-section for coherent scattering may introduce a ca. 2% bias in the CCF used within the coherent normalization-based calibration procedure. Using HAp phantoms as calibrators thus requires acknowledgement of this conversion in chemical form and possible introduction of uncertainty into the calibration procedure.
Droplet-based assembly of magnetic superballs
Authors: Schyck S , Meijer J-M , M Schelling M P , Petukhov A V , Rossi L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The self-assembly of materials driven by the inherent directionality of the constituent particles is of both practical and fundamental interest because it enables the fabrication of complex and hierarchical structures with tailored functionalities. By employing evaporation assisted self-assembly, we form opal-like structures with micro-sized magnetic superball particles. We study the structure formation of different superball shapes during evaporation of a dispersion droplet with in-situ small angle x-ray scattering with microradian resolution in the absence and presence of an external magnetic field. In the absence of a magnetic field, strong shape-dependent structures form as the water evaporates from the system. Applying a magnetic field to the droplet has a unique effect on the system; strong magnetic fields inhibit the growth of well-ordered assemblies due to the formation of out-of-equilibrium dipolar structures while lower magnetic fields allow particles to rearrange and orient without inhibition. In this work, we show how the superball assembly inside a droplet can be controlled by the magnetic field strength and the superball shape. The tunability of these parameters not only enables the controllable formation of macroscopic colloidal assemblies but also opens up possibilities for the development of functional materials with tailored properties on a macro-scale.
Misperceptions, Intergroup Prejudice, and the Varied Encounters Between European Citizens and Non-EU Foreigners
Authors: Herda Daniel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
How does interpersonal exposure to immigrants influence citizens’ opinions about immigrants? The Intergroup Contact Theory (ICT) famously predicts improved attitudes under certain circumstances. However, research on the population innumeracy phenomenon predicts that this same exposure may worsen demographic misperceptions about immigrants. The current study seeks to analyze these contradictory possibilities with data on native-born citizens’ encounters with non-EU immigrants from the 2017 Eurobarometer survey. The analysis considers a wide variety of exposure contexts and generates hypotheses about which will matter most for each outcome based on cognitive availability processes and the optimal conditions outlined in the original ICT. The results indicate that intergroup exposure increases both positive attitudes toward immigrants and incorrect perceptions about immigrants. However, context matters. Those with exposure to immigrants among their primary networks or through their participation in sport, volunteer, and cultural activities exhibit the most pro-immigrant evaluations. Those with exposure through their neighborhoods and workplaces exhibit the most inflated perceptions. The study concludes by considering the implications of these findings for future research.
Recovery of the Nonlinearity From the Modified Scattering Map
Authors: Chen Gong , Murphy Jason 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We consider a class of one-dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger equations of the form $$ \begin{align*} & (i\partial_{t}+\Delta)u = [1+a]|u|^{2} u. \end{align*}$$For suitable localized functions $a$, such equations admit a small-data modified scattering theory, which incorporates the standard logarithmic phase correction. In this work, we prove that the small-data modified scattering behavior uniquely determines the inhomogeneity $a$.
Apple-blossom in June?
Authors: Rowson Martin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The early nineteenth-century novelists inherited from their Gothic predecessors a sense that, where landscape was concerned, lies were more beautiful than truth and, for that reason, often preferable. In his essay on Mrs Radcliffe in The Lives of the Novelists, Scott notes the pervasive vagueness of her scene-painting, a quality which at its best aligns her word-drawn settings with the imaginary landscapes of Claude:
For all the realism of his historical analysis and characterization, Scott often found a similar ‘haze’ very useful in his own higher-flying landscape descriptions3
How does Victor make his monsters?
Authors: Rowson Martin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Answering from one’s visual recollections of the films, the answer to the question in the title is easy. Colin Clive (in James Whale’s and Universal Pictures’ 1931 modern-dress classic), Peter Cushing (in a string of Hammer-produced, Terence Fisher-directed gothics from 1957 onwards), James Mason (in the 1973 TV-movie, scripted by Christopher Isherwood), Gene Wilder (in Mel Brooks’s hilarious 1974 spoof Young Frankenstein), Kenneth Branagh (in the 1994 blockbuster, Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein), and even the heroes in such delightfully zany send-ups as Frankenhooker (a story based on monstrous exploding prostitutes) and Frankenstein, the College Years are –– all of them –– half surgeons of genius, half mad scientists.