bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oropharyngeal enlargement in obstructive lung disease: quantification and machine learning
Authors: Abdolijomoor Asma , Lee David H. , Kim So Ri , Ju Park Seoung , Yong Jin Gong , Hoffman Eric A. , Castro Mario , Hyun Lee Chang , Choi Jiwoong , Ju Chae Kum 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundWhile lower airway remodeling of obstructive lung diseases (OLDs), such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is comprehensively studied, the understanding of upper airway remodeling in OLD remains limited. This study aimed to investigate upper airway dimensions in OLD patients using quantitative computed tomography (QCT) imaging and to identify relevant parameters for predicting OLD using machine learning techniques.MethodsA prospective cohort of 26 healthy controls, 73 COPD patients, and 86 asthma patients underwent upper airway CT scans from the oral cavity to the subglottal region. Multiscale lung structure and function were assessed using ITK-SNAP and in-house qCT software. Feature importance estimation methods from STREAMLINE were utilized to select potentially relevant upper airway metrics. The Wilcoxon rank-sum test and Pearson's correlation were employed for pairwise comparisons and correlation analysis, respectively. The Youden index was used to determine optimal cutoff values of relevant upper airway features.ResultsAfter standardizing QCT results, OLD patients exhibited greater mouth-to-supraglottal metrics, notably greater oral space air fraction and pharyngeal length. Both metrics showed a negative correlation with FEV1/FVC (R=-0.24, p=0.001). Feature importance analysis identified oral space air fraction and normalized pharyngeal length as key features discriminating OLD from healthy controls. An oral space air fraction value of 0.8 or higher predicted OLD with approximately 100% sensitivity and 69% specificity.ConclusionsQuantitative upper airway CT measurement combined with machine learning analysis revealed oropharyngeal enlargement in patients with obstructive lung disease.
Resistive breathing aggravates cigarette smoke-induced pulmonary inflammation
Authors: Mizi Eleftheria , Vassilakopoulou Vyronia , Chatzianastasiou Athanasia , Georgiadis Theocharis , Glynos Constantinos , Theocharis Stamatios , Vassilakopoulos Theodoros , Toumpanakis Dimitrios 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionResistive breathing (RB) is the hallmark of diseases of airway obstruction, especially during exacerbations, resulting in significant mechanical stress on the lung. RB induces pulmonary inflammation and injury in previously healthy animals. Whether RB exerts additional injurious effects when superimposed on cigarette smoke (CS) exposure is unknown.MethodsAdult mice were exposed to CS for one or six months, followed by RB for 24 h, induced through tracheal banding. Subsequently, respiratory system mechanics were assessed, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed, and cytokine levels were measured by ELISA in lung tissue samples. Surfactant protein D (SP-D) was measured in blood and BAL and histology was performed. Emphysema was quantified by the mean linear intercept (Lm) and the destructive index (Di).ResultsCS exposure, for 1 and 6 months, increased BAL cellularity (∼8-fold and ∼1.9-fold to air, respectively, p<0.01). RB aggravated BAL cellularity at both time points (p=0.025 and p=0.002 to CS) and increased MCP-1 levels at 1 month (p=0.002 to ctr). Histology revealed augmented focal membrane thickening at 1 month following combination of RB with CS exposure (p=0.011), while at 6 months emphysema was more severe after RB in CS-exposed mice (p=0.001 to CS for both Lm and Di). CS increased SP-D levels in BAL (p<0.01 at both time points), while RB caused increased levels in blood (p<0.01 to CS). RB decreased static compliance at 1 month of air exposure (p=0.007).ConclusionCombining resistive breathing with cigarette smoke exposure results in augmented inflammatory responses, increased lung injury and augmented emphysema.
Proteins associated with preserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm)
Authors: Lindberg Eva , Zhou Xingwu , Behndig Annelie F , Caidahl Kenneth , Egesten Arne , Engström Gunnar , Engvall Jan E , Eriksson Maria J , Fall Tove , Gummesson Anders , Hamrefors Viktor , Janson Christer , Johnsson Åse , Lindberg Anne , Mannila Maria , Nyström Fredrik H , Olin Anna-Carin , Sköld C. Magnus , Söderberg Stefan , Tanash Hanan , Torén Kjell , Östgren Carl Johan , Malinovschi Andrei , Blomberg Anders 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundPreserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm) is a spirometry pattern of interest regarding incident airflow obstruction and higher mortality risk. We applied a proteomic approach to gain more insight into the biological mechanisms associated with PRISm.MethodsFrom the population-based Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS), participants in Main (n=4835) and Pilot (n=1054) studies, were included as discovery and replication cohorts. Lower limit of normal (LLN) of post-bronchodilator FEV1, FVC and FEV1/FVC was defined as 5th percentile in healthy, never-smoking SCAPIS participants. Participants were sub-divided into five groups; Reference: FEV1/FVC≥LLN & FEV1≥LLN & FVC≥LLN (n=4084); Mild chronic airflow limitation (CAL): FEV1/FVC<LLN & FEV1≥LLN (n=278), Moderate-severe CAL: FEV1/FVC<LLN & FEV1<LLN (n=170); Restrictive spirometric pattern (RSP): FEV1/FVC ≥LLN & FVC<LLN (n=238) and PRISm: FEV1/FVC≥LLN & FEV1<LLN (n=238). Proximity extension assays were used to measure 168 proteins. The associations of each standardized protein were assessed with each study group by multiple linear regression models, adjusting for age, sex, BMI, smoking, physical activity, study centers, and corrected for multiple testing to control for false discovery rate at 5%.ResultsEight proteins were associated with PRISm and replicated: Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 10A, Interleukin-6, Paraoxonase 3 (negative association), Renin, Urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor (U-PAR), E-selectin, Matrix metalloproteinase 7 and Chitinase-3-like protein 1. Interleukin-6 and U-PAR were also associated with Moderate-severe CAL and E-selectin with RSP. In addition, five other proteins were associated with Moderate-severe CAL and three with RSP.ConclusionProtein profile in PRISm differs from other spirometric patterns suggesting specific disease mechanisms.
Digital Pathology–Based Multimodal Artificial Intelligence Scores and Outcomes in a Randomized Phase III Trial in Men With Nonmetastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Feng Felix Y. , Smith Matthew R. , Saad Fred , Mobadersany Pooya , Tian Shaozhou K. , Yip Stephen S.F. , Greshock Joel , Khan Najat , Yu Margaret K. , McCarthy Sharon , Brookman-May Sabine D. , Bourla Ariel B. , Todorovic Tamara , Yamashita Rikiya , Huang Huei-Chung , Royce Trevor J. , Showalter Timothy N. , Griffin Jacqueline , Mitani Akinori , Esteva Andre , Small Eric J. 
Published: January 2025

PURPOSE
The SPARTAN trial demonstrated that the addition of apalutamide to androgen deprivation therapy improves outcomes among patients with nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC). We applied a previously reported digital histopathology–based multimodal artificial intelligence (MMAI) algorithm to estimate clinical outcomes in SPARTAN.

METHODS
Patients with available hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides from the primary tumor were included. Histopathology slides were digitized. MMAI scores ranging from 0 to 1 were generated from digital histopathology and baseline clinical parameters. Patients were categorized into MMAI non–high-risk and high-risk groups using previously validated cutoffs. Kaplan-Meier estimates were calculated for metastasis-free survival (MFS), second progression-free survival (PFS2), and overall survival (OS); comparisons were performed using Cox proportional hazards regression for treatment arms and MMAI risk. The interaction between treatment arm and risk group was evaluated using a Cox proportional hazards model.

RESULTS

The study included 420 evaluable patients after excluding those with missing clinical data or inadequate histopathology images. Of these, 63% (n = 266) were MMAI high risk and 37% (n = 154) were non–high risk. MMAI risk score was associated with shorter MFS (hazard ratio [HR], 1.72;
P
< .005), PFS2 (HR, 1.57;
P
< .005), and OS (HR, 1.41;
P
= .02). MMAI high-risk patients receiving apalutamide demonstrated significant improvement in MFS (HR, 0.19;
P
< .005), PFS2 (HR, 0.47;
P
< .005), and OS (HR, 0.6;
P
= .01). The interaction between MMAI risk score and treatment for MFS (
P
= .01) and PFS2 (
P
= .03) was significant, indicating greater benefit from apalutamide treatment in MMAI high-risk patients.

CONCLUSION
MMAI is a prognostic marker in nmCRPC and may serve as a predictive biomarker with high-risk patients deriving the greatest benefit from treatment with apalutamide. These results represent the first extension of an MMAI classifier to patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer, warranting additional validation.
Adrenocorticotropin-Secreting Pure Adrenal Ganglioneuroma Leading to Cushing Syndrome
Authors: Alban Daniel , Verma Parisa , Kirschenbaum Alexander , Fernandez-Ranvier Gustavo , Levine Alice C 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Adrenal ganglioneuromas (AGNs) are rare benign neoplasms of neural crest origin that are typically asymptomatic and endocrinologically inactive. However, on occasion, AGNs have been noted to demonstrate secretion of various hormones. We present a case of a 23-year-old man who presented with hypertension and clinical symptoms concerning for a catecholamine excess state with evidence of a right adrenal mass with elevated Hounsfield units (HU) on abdominal computed tomography (CT) and laboratory values consistent with mild hypercortisolism concerning for adrenocorticotropin (ACTH)-producing pheochromocytoma leading to Cushing syndrome (CS). The patient underwent adrenalectomy with pathology results demonstrating a pure AGN with positive ACTH staining. While secretory AGNs are rare, it is important that providers remain cognizant of this pathology and consider it within the evaluation of adrenal lesions at large with an understanding that clinical presentation may be difficult to interpret and will likely vary based on the underlying hormone(s) being secreted. Additionally, secretory AGNs can mimic other adrenal neoplasms and histopathologic evaluation is required for definitive diagnosis. This case demonstrates how ACTH-producing AGNs should be considered when evaluating cases of ACTH-dependent CS.
A Manager and an AI Walk into a Bar: Does ChatGPT Make Biased Decisions Like We Do?
Authors: Chen Yang , Kirshner Samuel N. , Ovchinnikov Anton , Andiappan Meena , Jenkin Tracy 
Published: January 2025

Problem definition: Large language models (LLMs) are being increasingly leveraged in business and consumer decision-making processes. Because LLMs learn from human data and feedback, which can be biased, determining whether LLMs exhibit human-like behavioral decision biases (e.g., base-rate neglect, risk aversion, confirmation bias, etc.) is crucial prior to implementing LLMs into decision-making contexts and workflows. To understand this, we examine 18 common human biases that are important in operations management (OM) using the dominant LLM, ChatGPT. Methodology/results: We perform experiments where GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 act as participants to test these biases using vignettes adapted from the literature (“standard context”) and variants reframed in inventory and general OM contexts. In almost half of the experiments, Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT) mirrors human biases, diverging from prototypical human responses in the remaining experiments. We also observe that GPT models have a notable level of consistency between the standard and OM-specific experiments as well as across temporal versions of the GPT-3.5 model. Our comparative analysis between GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 reveals a dual-edged progression of GPT’s decision making, wherein GPT-4 advances in decision-making accuracy for problems with well-defined mathematical solutions while simultaneously displaying increased behavioral biases for preference-based problems. Managerial implications: First, our results highlight that managers will obtain the greatest benefits from deploying GPT to workflows leveraging established formulas. Second, that GPT displayed a high level of response consistency across the standard, inventory, and non-inventory operational contexts provides optimism that LLMs can offer reliable support even when details of the decision and problem contexts change. Third, although selecting between models, like GPT-3.5 and GPT-4, represents a trade-off in cost and performance, our results suggest that managers should invest in higher-performing models, particularly for solving problems with objective solutions. Funding: This work was supported by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada [Grant SSHRC 430-2019-00505]. The authors also gratefully acknowledge the Smith School of Business at Queen’s University for providing funding to support Y. Chen’s postdoctoral appointment. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2023.0279 .
Reconfigurable NIR-emission gain via thermal control in multimode tri-doped tellurite fiber
Authors: Spadoti D. H. , Pinto I. C. , Rivera V. A. G. , Messaddeq Y. 
Published: January 2025

In fiber-based telecommunication systems, information is transmitted over wide optical spectrum bands. However, the volume of data, service demands, and traffic speeds keep rising, overloading the whole fiber links. Thus, enhancing efficiency and broadening transparency are essential in optical systems. Moreover, preserving gain across the broad spectrum remains a significant bottleneck to be overcome. Here we enhance intensity and broaden emission in the C-, L- and U- telecommunication bands via thermal population control in 30 cm of a tri-doped (Er3+-Tm3+-Yb3+) multimode tellurite fiber (3Dp-MM-Te-fiber). The results indicate that increasing the temperature, a blue shift occurs around 1530 nm, and due to energy transfer among the tri rare-earths dopants a flat gain in the near-infrared region up to 1550 nm to 1650 nm is observed with a bandwidth of more than 100 nm. Furthermore, pumping the fiber at 980 nm with a 0.1 mW signal at 1550 nm, an experimental relative gain of approximately 2.5 dB was also demonstrated at a 120 oC heating temperature.
Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as a prognostic indicator in COVID-19: Evidence from a northern tanzanian cohort
Authors: Kyala Norman Jonas , Mboya Innocent , Shao Elichilia , Sakita Francis , Kilonzo Kajiru Gadiel , Shirima Laura , Sadiq Abid , Mkwizu Elifuraha , Chamba Nyasatu , Marandu Annette , Muhali Sophia , Raza Faryal , Ndale Eliasa , Bayo Damas , Mujuni Daniel , Lyamuya Furaha 
Published: January 2025

Background
COVID-19 caused a profound global impact, resulting in significant cases and deaths. The progression of COVID-19 clinical manifestations is influenced by a dysregulated inflammatory response. Early identification of the subclinical progression is crucial for timely intervention and improved patient outcomes. While there are various biomarkers to predict disease severity and outcomes, their accessibility and affordability pose challenges in resource-limited settings. We explored the potentiality of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as a cost-effective inflammatory marker to predict disease severity, clinical deterioration, and mortality in affected patients.

Methodology
A hospital-based retrospective cohort study was conducted at KCMC Hospital among COVID-19 patients followed from admission to discharge between 1st March 2020 and 31st March 2022. NLR was calculated as the absolute neutrophil count in μL divided by the absolute lymphocyte count in μL. The NLR cut-off value was determined using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis and assessed its predictive ability at admission for in-hospital mortality. The Chi-square test compared the proportion of NLR by patient characteristics. The association of NLR with disease severity and mortality was analyzed using the modified Poisson and Cox regression models, respectively.

Results
The study included 504 patients, with a median age of 64 years, 57.1% were males, and 68.3% had severe COVID-19. The in-hospital COVID-19 mortality rate was 37.7%. An NLR cutoff value of 6.1 or higher had a sensitivity of 92.1% (95% CI 89.2%–94.0%) and a specificity of 92.0% (95% CI 89.7%–94.4%). Additionally, 39.5% of patients with an NLR value of 6.1 or higher had increased risk of severe disease, subsequent clinical deterioration, and mortality.

Conclusion and recommendation
An NLR value of 6.1 or higher at the time of hospital admission associated with severe disease, clinical deterioration, and mortality in patients with COVID-19. Integration of NLR as a prognostic parameter in COVID-19 prognosis scales could improve risk assessment and guide appropriate management strategies for COVID-19 patients, as well as for potential future viral-related pneumonias. Further prospective studies are necessary to validate these findings and evaluate the clinical utility of NLR in larger cohorts of patients.
Assessment of phytochemical screening, antibacterial, analgesic, and antipyretic potentials of Litsea glutinosa (L.) leaves extracts in a mice model
Authors: Labu Zubair Khalid , Karim Samira , Rahman Md. Tarekur , Hossain Md. Imran , Arifuzzaman Sarder , Shakil Md. 
Published: January 2025

Background
Litsea glutinosa (LG) leaves have been traditionally used in ethnomedicine for the treatment of various ailments, including pain, fever, and microbial infections. This study aims to scientifically evaluate the therapeutic potential of cold methanol extracts of LG leaves, specifically focusing on their analgesic, antipyretic, and antibacterial activities. In addition, the research includes preliminary phytochemical screening to identify key bioactive compounds and an acute toxicity test to assess the safety profile of the extract.

Methods
In this study, we conducted an initial investigation of the major phytochemical groups present in L. glutinosa leaves using both modern chromatographic techniques, specifically High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), and conventional phytochemical screening methods applied to cold methanol extracts. Both approaches consistently identified phenols and flavonoids as the predominant bioactive compounds. Following this phytochemical characterization, we assessed the analgesic efficacy of the extracts using acetic acid-induced writhing and electrical heat-induced nociceptive pain stimuli, evaluated antipyretic effects through Brewer’s yeast-induced pyrexia, and determined antibacterial activity via the disc diffusion method. Additionally, the toxicity of the extracts was evaluated through preclinical testing.

Results
In hot plate method, the highest pain inhibitory activity was found at a dose of 500 mg/kg of crude extract (3.37 ± 0.31 sec) which differed significantly (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001) with that of the standard drug morphine (6.47 ± 0.23 sec). The extract significantly prolonged reaction latency to thermal-induced pain in hotplate model. Analgesic activity at 500 mg/kg, LG extract produced a 70% suppression of writhing in mice, which was statistically significant (p < 0.001) compared to standard morphine’s (77.5%) inhibition. In antipyretic activity assay, the crude extract showed notable reduction in body temperature (36.17 ±  0.32 °C) at dose of 300 mg/kg-body weight, when the standard (at dose 100 mg/kg-body weight) exerted (36.32 ±  0.67 °C) after 3 h of administration. In antibacterial studies, results showed that inhibition of bacterial growth at 400 μg dose of each extract clearly inhibited growth of bacteria from 11 to 22 mm. The extractives carbon tetrachloride fraction, chloroform soluble fraction, ethyl acetate fraction demonstrated notably greater inhibitory zone widths (p < 0.05) against tested strains.

Conclusion
Overall, the cold methanol extract of LG leaves demonstrates the therapeutic potential in preclinical settings. Future research is warranted to isolate the specific bioactive compounds and elucidate their mechanisms of action to further support the development of new treatments and contributing to modern medicinal practices based on this plant leaves.
The Climate Dispossessed: Justice for the People of Aotearoa, Teall Crossen (2020)
Authors: Smith Roy 
Published: January 2025

Review of: The Climate Dispossessed: Justice for the People of Aotearoa, Teall Crossen (2020)
Wellington: Bridget Williams Books, 160 pp.,
ISBN 978 1 98858 723 3 (pbk), NZ$14.99

Living with the Climate Crisis: Voices from Aotearoa, Tom Doig (ed.) (2020)
Wellington: Bridget Williams Books, 224 pp.,
ISBN 978 1 98858 753 0 (pbk), NZ$14.99

Acclimatising to Higher Ground: The Realities of Life of a Pacific Atoll People, Keith Dixon (2021)
Leiden: Sidestone Press, 254 pp.,
ISBN 978 9 46426 029 8 (pbk), £45
Building and Remembering: An Archaeology of Place-Making on Papua New Guinea’s South Coast, Chris Urwin (2022)
Authors: Mückler Hermann 
Published: January 2025

Review of: Building and Remembering: An Archaeology of Place-Making on Papua New Guinea’s South Coast, Chris Urwin (2022)
Honolulu, HI: University of Hawai‘i Press, 260 pp.,
ISBN 978 0 82489 188 6 (hbk), $76
Indigenous Pacific Islander Eco-Literatures, Kathy Jetňil-Kijiner, Leora Kava and Craig Santos Perez (eds) (2022)
Authors: Burrell Ajani 
Published: January 2025

Review of: Indigenous Pacific Islander Eco-Literatures, Kathy Jetňil-Kijiner, Leora Kava and Craig Santos Perez (eds) (2022)
Honolulu, HI: University of Hawai‘i Press, 404 pp.,
ISBN 978 0 82489 105 3 (pbk), $29
ISBN 978 0 82489 104 6 (hbk), $90
Wayfinding and Critical Autoethnography, Fetaui Iosefo, Stacy Holman Jones and Anne Harris (eds) (2021)
Authors: Smith Hinekura 
Published: January 2025

Review of: Wayfinding and Critical Autoethnography, Fetaui Iosefo, Stacy Holman Jones and Anne Harris (eds) (2021)
New York: Routledge, 227 pp.,
ISBN 978 0 36734 379 8 (pbk), £39.99
ISBN 978 0 36734 382 8 (hbk), £135
High-efficiency radiation beyond the critical angle via phase-gradient antireflection metasurfaces
Authors: Ma Xiaoxuan , He Hainan , Jia Runqi , Chu Hongchen , Lai Yun 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Total internal reflection generally occurs at incident angles beyond the critical angle, confining electromagnetic waves in dielectrics with higher refractive indices. In this work, we present a metasurface-based solution to transform such total reflection into high-efficiency transmission. We demonstrate that a phase-gradient antireflection metasurface designed on the dielectric surface not only compensates for the transverse wave vectors of the incident and transmitted waves but also addresses the impendence mismatch between the two media, eventually achieving high-efficiency transmission with flexibly-controlled wavefronts beyond the critical angle. The design of this unique metasurface is enabled by applying the reciprocity principle to circumvent the traditional limitation of total internal reflection. The theory and functionalities of the phase-gradient antireflection metasurfaces are verified through both simulations and microwave experiments. Our work opens a new avenue for high-efficiency radiation manipulation beyond the critical angle, enabling rich applications such as high-efficiency waveguide-to-free-space couplers, high-radiation-efficiency quantum dots, and high-radiation-efficiency light-emitting diodes.