bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Dammarane‐Type Triterpenoids with Antiinflammatory Activity in vivo.
Authors: Scholz Dieter , Baumann Karl , Grassberger Max , Wolff‐Winiski Barbara , Rihs Grety , Walter Hansrudolf , Meingassner Josef G. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Absolute Stereostructures of Polypodane‐ and Octanordammarane‐Type Triterpenes with Nitric Oxide Production Inhibitory Activity from Guggul‐Gum Resins.
Authors: Matsuda Hisashi , Morikawa Toshio , Ando Shin , Oominami Hideo , Murakami Toshiyuki , Kimura Ikuko , Yoshikawa Masayuki 
Published: September 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of 4‐Monofluoromethylenyl‐ and cis‐4‐Monofluoromethyl‐L‐pyroglutamic Acids via a Novel Dehydrofluorination.
Authors: Qiu Xiao‐Long , Meng Wei‐Dong , Qing Feng‐Ling 
Published: September 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Facile Total Syntheses of Idarubicinone‐7‐β‐D‐glucuronide: Convenient Preparations of AB‐Ring Synthon Using Some Carboxylic Acid Derivatives.
Authors: Rho Young S. , Park Jihyung , Kim Gyuil , Kim Hyesun , Sin Hongsig , Suh Pyoung Won , Yoo Dong Jin 
Published: September 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Antitumor Agents. Part 230. C4′‐Esters of GL‐331 as Cytotoxic Agents and DNA Topoisomerase II Inhibitors.
Authors: Han Shiqing , Xiao Zhiyan , Bastow Kenneth F. , Lee Kuo‐Hsiung 
Published: September 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Reaction of AgN3 with SOCl2: Evidence for the Formation of Thionyl Azide, SO(N3)2.
Authors: Xiaoqing Zeng , Fengyi Liu , Qiao Sun , Maofa Ge , Jianping Zhang , Xicheng Ai , Lingpeng Meng , Shijun Zheng , Dianxun Wang 
Published: September 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Racemic and Enantiomerically Enriched α‐Oxyfunctionalized Benzocyclanones and Chromanones by Dimethyldioxirane and Dimethyldioxirane/Mn(III) Salen System.
Authors: Patonay Tamas , Jekoe Jozsef , Kiss‐Szikszai Attila , Levai Albert 
Published: September 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Alkaloids‐Catalyzed Regio‐ and Enantioselective Allylic Nucleophilic Substitution of tert‐Butyl Carbonate of the Morita—Baylis—Hillman Products.
Authors: Du Yishu , Han Xiuling , Lu Xiyan 
Published: September 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Reactions of 1,4‐Dilithiobutadienes with Isothiocyanates: Preparation of Iminocyclopentadiene Derivatives via Cleavage of the C=S Double Bond of a RN=C=S Molecule.
Authors: Wang Congyang , Song Qiuling , Xi Zhenfeng 
Published: September 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Cyclization of 2‐(2‐Bromoethoxyl)‐acetophenones and 5‐(ω‐Haloalkoxy)‐1,5‐dihydro‐2H‐pyrrol‐2‐ones — Formation of Five‐ to Eight‐Membered Oxygen‐Containing Heterocycles via Intramolecular Alkylation.
Authors: Nikitin Kirill V. , Andryukhova Nonna P. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Mechanistic Studies on Nitrosation—Deaminocyclization of Mono‐Carbamoylated Vicinal Amino Alcohols and Diols: A New Preparative in situ Formation of Ethanediazo Hydroxide for the Ethylation of Carboxylates under Mild Conditions.
Authors: Suzuki Masumi , Sugai Takeshi 
Published: September 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
CpRuIIPF6/Quinaldic Acid‐Catalyzed Chemoselective Allyl Ether Cleavage. A Simple and Practical Method for Hydroxyl Deprotection.
Authors: Tanaka Shinji , Saburi Hajime , Ishibashi Yoshitaka , Kitamura Masato 
Published: September 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Vicarious Nucleophilic Substitution of Hydrogen versus Vinylic Substitution of Halogen in the Reactions of Carbanions of Halomethyl Aryl Sulfones with Dialkyl Halofumarates and Halomaleates.
Authors: Makosza Mieczyslaw , Nizamov Shamil , Kwast Andrzej 
Published: September 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Convenient Synthesis of Arylpropargyl Aldehydes and 4‐Aryl‐3‐butyn‐2‐ones from Arylacetylenes and Amide Acetals.
Authors: Lee Ka Young , Lee Mi Jung , GowriSankar Saravanan , Kim Jae Nyoung 
Published: September 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Phosphine‐Mediated [4 + 2] Annulation of Bis(enones): A Lewis Base Catalyzed “Mock Diels—Alder” Reaction.
Authors: Couturier Michel , Menard Frederic , Ragan John A. , Riou Maxime , Dauphin Etienne , Andresen Brian M. , Ghosh Arun , Dupont‐Gaudet Kristina , Girardin Melina 
Published: September 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Syntheses of 4‐(1‐Alkynyl)‐2(5H)‐furanones and Coumarins via the Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Potassium Alkynyltrifluoroborates.
Authors: Kabalka George W. , Dong Gang , Venkataiah Bollu 
Published: September 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Synthesis and Antimicrobial Evaluation of a New Series of isoxazolinyl Oxazolidinones.
Authors: Weidner‐Wells Michele A. , Werblood Harvey M. , Goldschmidt Raul , Bush Karen , Foleno Barbara D. , Hilliard Jamese J. , Melton John , Wira Ellyn , Macielag Mark J. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Mild Electrophilic Halogenation of Chloropyridines Using CCl4 or C2Cl6 under Basic Phase Transfer Conditions.
Authors: Joshi Ashutosh V. , Baidossi Mubeen , Qafisheh Nida , Chachashvili Elsa , Sasson Yoel 
Published: September 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Comparison of Inhibitory Activity of Isomeric Triazolopyridine Derivatives Towards Adenosine Receptor Subtypes or Do Similar Structures Reveal Similar Bioactivities?
Authors: Guba Wolfgang , Nettekoven Matthias , Puellmann Bernd , Riemer Claus , Schmitt Sebastien 
Published: September 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Palladium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of 2‐Alkylidene‐pyrrolo[c]‐1,4‐dioxanes: Synthesis of 3,4‐(cis‐1,2‐Dimethyl)ethylenedioxypyrrole.
Authors: Zong Kyukwan , Abboud Khalil A. , Reynolds John R. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Diacetals from Aldehydes and Ketones with Pentaerythritol Catalyzed by the ZrO2/S2O2‐8 Solid Superacid.
Authors: Jin Tongshou , Yang Mina , Wang Xin , Feng Guoliang , Li Tongshuang 
Published: September 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
5‐Alkyl‐2‐[(aryl and alkyloxycarbonylmethyl)thio]‐6‐(1‐naphthylmethyl) Pyrimidin‐4(3H)‐ones as an Unique HIV Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors of S‐DABO Series.
Authors: He Yanping , Chen Fener , Sun Guangfu , Wang Yueping , De Clercq Erik , Balzarini Jan , Pannecouque Christophe 
Published: September 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Two Simple and Different Approaches to the Synthesis of New 2,4‐Dialkylamino Substituted 6,7‐Dihydro‐5H‐benzocyclohepta[1,2‐d]pyrimidines.
Authors: Herrera Antonio , Martinez‐Alvarez Roberto , Chioua Rachid , Benabdelouahab Fouad , Chioua Mourad 
Published: September 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Novel Routes for the Generation of Structurally Diverse Labdane Diterpenes from Andrographolide.
Authors: Nanduri Srinivas , Nyavanandi Vijay Kumar , Thunuguntla Siva Sanjeeva Rao , Velisoju Mahendar , Kasu Sridevi , Rajagopal Sriram , Kumar R. Ajaya , Rajagopalan R. , Iqbal Javed 
Published: September 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Stereoselective Synthesis of 3‐Glycosyl‐5‐methoxycarbonylisoxazolides from D‐Galactose and D‐Glucose.
Authors: Borrachero Pastora , Cabrera‐Escribano Francisca , Gomez‐Guillen Manuel , Torres M. Isabel 
Published: September 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Sulfone‐Containing Monomers and Polymers Using Cationic Cyclopentadienyliron Complexes
Authors: Abd‐El‐Aziz Alaa S. , Pereira Nelson M. , Boraie Waleed , McFarlane Shaune L. , Todd Erin K. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Characterization of Volatile, Fluorine‐Free β‐Ketoiminate Lanthanoid MOCVD Precursors and Their Implementation in Low‐Temperature Growth of Epitaxial CeO2 Buffer Layers for Superconducting Electronics
Authors: Singh Anirudh , Mehrotra Ram C. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Cellular localization of activated N‐WASP using a conformation‐sensitive antibody
Authors: Sukumvanich P. , DesMarais V. , Sarmiento C.V. , Wang Y. , Ichetovkin I. , Mouneimne G. , Almo S. , Condeelis J. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe main regulators of Arp2/3 activity appear to be N‐WASP and the other members of the Scar/WAVE family of proteins. We show here that after EGF stimulation, N‐WASP is recruited to the nucleation zone of the dynamic leading edge compartment of carcinoma cells, with maximal recruitment of N‐WASP within 1 min after EGF stimulation. The timing of N‐WASP recruitment mirrors the timing of barbed‐end formation at the leading edge. To determine the cellular activation of N‐WASP after EGF stimulation, we made a conformation‐sensitive antibody (CSA) against the CRIB domain of N‐WASP that is predicted to recognize N‐WASP in its open, active conformation, but not in its closed, inactive conformation. The ability of CSA to detect only active N‐WASP was demonstrated by in vitro experiments using immunoprecipitation of active N‐WASP from EGF‐stimulated cells and Cdc42 activation of N‐WASP activity. In cell staining experiments, N‐WASP is maximally accessible to CSA 40 sec after EGF stimulation and this activated N‐WASP is in the nucleation zone. These results indicate that active N‐WASP is present at the leading edge of lamellipods, an unexpected finding given its reported involvement in filopod formation. This work establishes the feasibility of using antibodies directed against specific conformations or epitopes with changing accessibilities as a window on the status and localization of activity. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 59:141–152, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Time‐dependent diffusion coefficient as a probe of geometry
Authors: Sen Pabitra N. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThis is a tutorial describing how the time‐dependent diffusion coefficientD(t) of mobile molecules confined in pores or cells carries information about the confining geometry. At early times,D(t) =D0[1 − (4/9$\sqrt{\pi}$)(S/Vp)$\sqrt{D_{0}t}$] gives, irrespective of details, the pore surface to volume ratio (S/Vp), which is a measure of microscopic length. HereD0is the bulk unrestricted diffusion coefficient. At long times,D(t) reaches a limiting valueD0/α at a rate that depends on macroscopic length scales characteristic of the medium. The geometrical parameter “tortuosity” α plays an important role in various transport processes in porous media, such as the electrical conductivity. Extensions of these concepts to permeable pore walls, fluid identification by combining diffusion with relaxation, restricted diffusion in inhomogeneous magnetic fields leading to edge enhancement, and fractal surfaces are briefly described. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part A 23A: 1–21, 2004
The effect of field modulation on a simple resonance line shape
Authors: Nielsen Robert D. , Robinson Bruce H. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe Lorentzian line shape is the most basic line shape found in field swept continuous wave electron paramagnetic resonance (CW EPR). CW EPR employs Zeeman field modulation for detection purposes. The absorption signal at the first harmonic of modulation is the standard CW EPR signal. Under weak modulation conditions the first harmonic in‐phase absorption signal is equivalent to the derivative of the unmodulated Lorentzian line shape. When the field modulation amplitude is appreciable, the distorted first harmonic absorption line shape can still be expressed by a simple analytic formula, as long as the modulation frequency is sufficiently low. We state this often‐overlooked formula for the first harmonic signal, and exhibit its extension to arbitrary harmonics. Certain commonly used properties of the weak modulation (derivative Lorentzian) spectrum, such as the peak‐to‐peak height dependence on microwave power, are also stated in a form that fully takes account of the modulation amplitude. These analytic expressions are compared to numerical simulations of a version of the Bloch equation that contains modulation explicitly. A simple experimental example of overmodulation is also provided to show how the analytic formulas quantitatively account for the effects of modulation amplitude. The impact of modulation on the interpretation of EPR spectra is important given the frequent use of overmodulation when sample concentrations are low, such as in biological EPR studies. The simple analytic formulas demonstrated here are limited by the same physical considerations that limit applicability of the Lorentzian line shape. However, because the Lorentzian line shape is often appealed to in the interpretation of EPR spectra, its simple extension to the regime of appreciable modulation offers valuable insight. For example, the observation that the doubly integrated intensity of the first harmonic absorption spectrum has microwave power dependence that is insensitive to modulation amplitude is demonstrated explicitly. In contrast, the standard formula for the microwave power dependence of the first harmonic peak‐to‐peak absorption height is modified in a nontrivial way when the modulation amplitude is included. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part A 23A: 38–48, 2004
Use of inferior vena caval filters and survival in patients with malignancy
Authors: Wallace Michael J. , Jean James L. , Gupta Sanjay , Eapen George A. , Johnson Marcella M. , Ahrar Kamran , Madoff David C. , Morello Frank A. , Murthy Ravi , Hicks Marshall E. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDInferior vena cava (IVC) filters have proven to be a viable alternative to anticoagulation therapy for the prevention of life‐threatening pulmonary emboli (PE) for patients who have contraindications to anticoagulation therapy. The clinical benefit of placing IVC filters in patients with advanced‐stage cancer is controversial. The current study reported the authors' experience with IVC filters in patients with cancer.METHODSBetween January 2000 and May 2003, IVC filters were placed in 308 patients with venous thromboembolic (VTE) disease. Of these patients, 267 had solid tumors and 41 had liquid tumors. Outcome was reviewed retrospectively with regards to patient survival as well as procedural and filter‐related complications. Patients with solid and liquid tumors were used to generate Kaplan–Meier estimates for survival and the probability of surviving 30, 90, and 365 days was also calculated. The prognostic effect of age, primary malignancy, gender, extent of disease, indication, admission to the intensive care unit, and IVC thrombus on overall survival was also evaluated using univariate and multivariate Cox models for patients with solid tumors.RESULTSThe median survival periods for patients with solid and liquid tumors were 145 days and 207 days, respectively. The probability of survival at 30, 90, and 365 days was 0.81, 0.60, and 0.35, respectively, for patients with solid tumors and 0.85, 0.67, and 0.48, respectively, for patients with liquid tumors. There was no statistically significant difference in survival based on primary malignancy for solid tumors (P = 0.628) or between solid and liquid tumors (P = 0.16). For patients with solid tumors, a statistically significant difference in survival was found by extent of disease (P = 0.002). Patients with solid tumors classified as local disease (n = 15), locally advanced disease (n = 95), and widely metastatic or disseminated disease (n = 153) had a probability of survival at 30 days of 0.93, 0.87, and 0.76, respectively. Compared with patients with local disease, patients with metastatic or disseminated disease were 3.7 times more likely to die (P = 0.013). Patients with a history of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and hemorrhage were 2 times more likely to die than patients with DVT and no history of hemorrhage (P = 0.0057). Documented complications occurred in 22 of 308 (7.1%) patients and included PE (n = 4), new caval thrombosis (n = 14), retroperitoneal hemorrhage (n = 2), and maldeployed filters (n = 2).CONCLUSIONSIVC filters were shown to be safe and highly effective in preventing PE‐related deaths in patients with cancer with VTE disease. Patients with a history of DVT and bleeding or metastatic/disseminated stage of disease had the lowest survival after IVC filter placement. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Projections from the superior colliculus to the trigeminal system and facial nucleus in the rat
Authors: Dauvergne Céline , Ndiaye Awa , Buisseret‐Delmas Catherine , Buisseret Pierre , Vanderwerf Frans , Pinganaud Gabrielle 
Published: September 2004

AbstractTo determine the influence of the superior colliculus (SC) in orienting behaviors, we examined SC projections to the sensory trigeminal complex, the juxtatrigeminal region, and the facial motor nucleus in rats. Anterograde tracer experiments in the SC demonstrated predominantly contralateral colliculotrigeminal projections. Microinjections in the deep layers of the lateral portion showed labeled nerve fibers and terminals in the ventromedial parts of the caudal principal nucleus and of the rostral oral subnucleus and in the medial part of the interpolar subnucleus. Some terminals were also observed in the juxtatrigeminal region and in the dorsolateral part of the facial motor nucleus contralaterally, overlying the orbicularis oculi motoneuronal region. Verification by retrograde tracer injections into the trigeminal target regions showed labeled SC neurons mostly in lateral portions of layers 4–7. When the juxtatrigeminal region was involved, a remarkable increase of labeled neurons was observed, having a patch‐like arrangement with a decreasing gradient from lateral to medial SC portions. Retrograde tracer injections in the dorsolateral VII nucleus showed bilateral labeled neurons mainly in the deep lateral SC portion. Retrograde BDA microinjections into the same trigeminal or juxtatrigeminal regions, followed by gold‐HRP into the dorsolateral VII nucleus, demonstrated a significant number of SC neurons in deep layers 6–7 projecting to both structures by axon collaterals. These neurons are mediolaterally grouped in patches along the rostrocaudal SC extent; a subset of them are immunoreactive for glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD). They could be involved in the coordination of facial movements. Simultaneous anterograde and retrograde tracer injections into the lateral SC portion and the VII nucleus respectively localized trigeminofacial neurons receiving collicular input in the trigeminal principal nucleus and pars oralis. Therefore the SC should play a crucial role in regulating motor programs of both eye and eyelid movements. J. Comp. Neurol. 478:233–247, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Topological FEM method for the analysis of time‐varying structures
Authors: Zhiyuan Cao , Gang Liang , Shougao Tang 
Published: September 2004

AbstractA topological FEM method, in which a structure topological theory is applied to a FEM system, is presented in this paper. The method uses FEM solutions of a structure before any change to obtain the new response of changed structure, avoids re‐calculations from changing the FEM system, and reduces the amount of calculation work on a large scale. It is a new method for time‐varying calculation in construction and technical analysis. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison between cohesive zone models
Authors: Volokh K. Y. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractCohesive zone models (CZMs) are widely used for numerical simulation of the fracture process. Cohesive zones are surfaces of discontinuities where displacements jump. A specific constitutive law relating the displacement jumps and proper tractions defines the cohesive zone model. Within the cohesive zone approach crack nucleation, propagation, and arrest are a natural outcome of the theory. The latter is in contrast to the traditional approach of fracture mechanics where stress analysis is separated from a description of the actual process of material failure.The common wisdom says that only cohesive strength—the maximum stress on the traction–separation curve—and the separation work—the area under the traction–separation curve—are important in setting a CZM while the shape of the traction–separation curve is subsidiary. It is shown in our note that this rule may not be correct and a specific shape of the cohesive zone model can significantly affect results of the fracture analysis. For this purpose four different cohesive zone models—bilinear, parabolic, sinusoidal, and exponential—are compared by using a block‐peel test, which allows for simple analytical solutions. Numerical performance of the cohesive zone models is considered. It appears that the convergence properties of nonlinear finite element analyses are similar for all four CZMs in the case of the block‐peel test. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Instability and reaction‐diffusion transport of bacteria
Authors: Lewis Roland W. , Pao William K. S. , Yang Xin‐She 
Published: September 2004

AbstractBacterial transport in saturated–unsaturated soils is an important process in environmental science and hydrology. A mechanistic model for bacterial transport in geomaterials is presented here. The model equations comprise a pair of fully coupled non‐linear parabolic partial differential equations that describe the concentration of microbes in the liquid water and solid surfaces. The model equations not only describe the bacteria sorption and desorption processes, but also take into account the retention of bacteria at the liquid–water interface and the dynamic reproduction characteristics of the bacteria. The instability and travelling waves for the coupled equations are analysed. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Purification and crystal growth of TlBr for application as a radiation detector
Authors: Oliveira I. B. , Chubaci J. F. D. , Armelin M. J. A. , Hamada M. M. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThallium bromide is a semiconductor compound with high atomic number and density. It has a CsCl‐type simple cubic crystal structure and it is non‐hygroscopics. The TlBr crystals are relatively soft with a knoop hardness number of 12. In this work, the TlBr commercial powder was purified by zone refining and the purest material section was used for crystal growth by Bridgman method. Efforts have been concentrated on the purification of the TlBr. The purification efficiency has been evaluated (NAA and ICP‐MS) by impurities reduction results after zone refining passes. The crystalline quality was evaluated by X‐ray diffraction. The characterized TlBr crystal as a detector has shown good response to gamma radiation. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)