bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrative taxonomy reveals unrecognised species diversity in African Corypha larks (Aves: Alaudidae)
Authors: Alström Per , Mohammadi Zeinolabedin , Donald Paul F , Nymark Marianne , Enbody Erik D , Irestedt Martin , Elisha Emmanuel Barde , Ndithia Henry K , Tieleman B Irene , Engelbrecht Derek , Olsson Urban , Rancilhac Loïs , Stervander Martin 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The species complex comprising the rufous-naped lark Corypha africana, Sharpe’s lark Corypha sharpii, the red-winged lark Corypha hypermetra, the Somali long-billed lark Corypha somalica and Ash’s lark Corypha ashi encompasses 31 recognised taxa across sub-Saharan Africa, many of which are extremely poorly known and some not observed for decades. Only 17 taxa have been studied molecularly and none comprehensively for morphology, vocalisations or other behaviours. Here, we undertake comprehensive integrative taxonomic analyses based on plumage and morphometrics (for 97% of the taxa), mitochondrial and nuclear loci (77%), ≤ 1.3 million genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (68%), song (many described for the first time; 52%) and additional behavioural data (45%). All polytypic species as presently circumscribed are paraphyletic, with eight primary clades separated by ≤ 6.3–6.8 Myr, broadly supported by plumage, morphometrics, song and other behaviours. The most recent divergences concern sympatric taxon pairs usually treated as separate species, whereas the divergence of all clades including C. africana subspecies is as old as sister species pairs in other lark genera. We propose the recognition of nine instead of five species, while C. ashi is synonymised with C. somalica rochei as C. s. ashi. The geographical distributions are incompletely known, and although the nine species are generally para-/allopatric, some might be sympatric.
Monogenic forms of common variable immunodeficiency and implications on target therapeutic approaches
Authors: Tessarin Giulio , Baronio Manuela , Lougaris Vassilios 
Published: September 2023

Purpose of review
Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is the most common symptomatic inborn error of immunity. The disorder is characterized by variable clinical and immunological manifestations, and, in a small minority of patients, a monogenic cause may be identified. In this review, we focalized on three different monogenic forms of CVID-like disease.

Recent findings
Activated phosphoinositide 3-kinase delta syndrome (APDS) is a rare disorder characterized by hyperactivated class I phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) pathway. Affected patients present with respiratory infectious episodes, impaired viral clearance and lymphoproliferation. Recently, a direct PI3K inhibitor has been approved and it showed encouraging results both in controlling clinical and immunological manifestations of the disease. On the other hand, patients with defects in CTLA-4 or LRBA gene present with life-threatening immune dysregulation, autoimmunity and lymphocytic infiltration of multiple organs. Abatacept, a soluble cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) fusion protein that acts as a costimulation modulator, has been widely implemented for affected patients with good results as bridge treatment.

Summary
Understanding the biological basis of CVID is important not only for enriching our knowledge of the human immune system, but also for setting the basis for potential targeted treatments in this disorder.
Outcomes and Complications for Concurrent Hernia Repair Among Women Undergoing Hysterectomy
Authors: Lim Stephanie L. , Knochenhauer Hope , Truong Tracy , Weber Jeremy M. , Havrilesky Laura J. , Previs Rebecca A. 
Published: September 2023

OBJECTIVE:
To assess whether concurrent hernia repair at time of hysterectomy is associated with increased complications.

METHODS:
In this retrospective cohort study, patients who underwent hysterectomy and hysterectomy with concurrent hernia repair were queried using the American College of Surgeons’ National Surgical Quality Improvement Program participant use file (2005–2019). Propensity score matching was performed 1:1 with respect to preoperative and operative characteristics. Outcomes were operation time, length of stay (LOS), and major and minor complications. A secondary analysis of patients who underwent hysterectomy for malignancy was performed.

RESULTS:
A total of 369,010 patients underwent hysterectomy, and 5,071 of those underwent hysterectomy with concurrent hernia repair. After propensity score matching, there were 5,071 patients in each arm. Hysterectomy with concurrent hernia repair had a longer operation time by 46 minutes (95% CI 42.6–49.6; P<.001) and longer LOS after surgery by 0.71 days (95% CI 0.59–0.84; P<.001). Hysterectomy with concurrent hernia repair was associated with a 21.9% higher risk (15.6% vs 12.8%; 95% CI 1.11–1.34, P<.001) of major complications and was associated with a 34.5% higher risk (7.4% vs 5.5%; 95% CI 1.16–1.56, P<.001) of minor complications. In subgroup analyses, there was no significant increase in risk among patients with body mass indexes (BMIs) lower than 40, those who were younger than age 40 years or older than age 60 years, and those with tobacco use, diabetes, or a minimally invasive surgical approach. For patients undergoing hysterectomy for malignancy, hysterectomy with concurrent hernia repair was associated with a 32-minute longer operation time (95% CI 25.2–38.8; P<.001) and a 0.35-day longer LOS (95% CI 0.04–0.67, P=.027), but there was no significant difference in major and minor complications.

CONCLUSION:
Hysterectomy with concurrent hernia repair is associated with increased operation time, LOS, and risk of major and minor complications compared with hysterectomy without hernia repair. The subgroup analyses suggest that hysterectomy with concurrent hernia has a similar complication risk as hysterectomy without hernia repair in select populations, such as those with BMIs lower than 40 or with known malignancy.
Effects of the Dobbs v Jackson Women's Health Organization Decision on Obstetrics and Gynecology Graduating Residents' Practice Plans
Authors: Woodcock Alexandra L. , Carter Gentry , Baayd Jami , Turok David K. , Turk Jema , Sanders Jessica N. , Pangasa Misha , Gawron Lori M. , Kaiser Jennifer E. 
Published: September 2023

OBJECTIVE:
To explore the association of the Dobbs v Jackson Women's Health Organization (Dobbs) decision on future practice locations of graduating obstetrics and gynecology residents.

METHODS:
This is a mixed-methods survey study of obstetrics and gynecology residents graduating from sites with Ryan Program abortion training programs (109 sites) between March 8, 2023, and April 25, 2023. We conducted both univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses to identify factors that were associated with post-Dobbs change in career plans, particularly location. We also performed a thematic analysis using responses to the survey's optional, open-ended prompt, “Please describe how the Dobbs v Jackson Women's Health Organization decision impacted your professional plans.”

RESULTS:
Of an estimated 724 residents graduating from residencies with Ryan Program abortion training programs, 349 participated in the survey (48.2% response rate); 17.6% of residents indicated that the Dobbs decision changed the location of intended future practice or fellowship plans. Residents who before the Dobbs decision intended to practice in abortion-restrictive states were eight times more likely to change their practice plans than those who planned to practice in protected states before the Dobbs decision (odds ratio 8.52, 95% CI 3.81–21.0). In a thematic analysis of open-ended responses, 90 residents wrote responses related to “not living in a state with abortion restrictions.” Of residents pursuing fellowship, 36 indicated that they did not rank or ranked lower programs in restrictive states.

CONCLUSION:
These findings demonstrate reduced desire of residents in obstetrics and gynecology to practice or pursue fellowship in restrictive states after residency. This reduction in obstetrics and gynecology workforce could significantly exacerbate maternity care deserts.
Neighborhood Socioeconomic Disadvantage and Abnormal Birth Weight
Authors: Venkatesh Kartik K. , Yee Lynn M. , Johnson Jasmine , Wu Jiqiang , McNeil Becky , Mercer Brian , Simhan Hyagriv , Reddy Uma M. , Silver Robert M. , Parry Samuel , Saade George , Chung Judith , Wapner Ronald , Lynch Courtney D. , Grobman William A. 
Published: September 2023

OBJECTIVE:
To examine whether exposure to community or neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage as measured by the ADI (Area Deprivation Index) is associated with risk of abnormal birth weight among nulliparous individuals with singleton gestations.

METHODS:
This was a secondary analysis from the prospective cohort NuMoM2b study (Nulliparous Pregnancy Outcomes Study: Monitoring Mothers-To-Be). Participant addresses at cohort enrollment between 6 and 13 weeks of gestation were geocoded at the Census tract level and linked to the 2015 ADI. The ADI, which incorporates the domains of income, education, employment, and housing quality into a composite national ranking of neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage, was categorized by quartiles (quartile 1, least disadvantaged, reference; quartile 4, most disadvantaged). Outcomes were large for gestational age (LGA; birth weight at or above the 90th percentile) and small for gestational age (SGA; birth weight below the 10th percentile) compared with appropriate for gestational age (AGA; birth weight 10th–90th percentile) as determined with the 2017 U.S. natality reference data, standardized for fetal sex. Multinomial logistic regression models were adjusted for potential confounding variables.

RESULTS:
Of 8,983 assessed deliveries in the analytic population, 12.7% (n=1,143) were SGA, 8.2% (n=738) were LGA, and 79.1% (n=7,102) were AGA. Pregnant individuals living in the highest ADI quartile (quartile 4, 17.8%) had an increased odds of delivering an SGA neonate compared with those in the lowest referent quartile (quartile 1, 12.4%) (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.32, 95% CI 1.09–1.55). Pregnant individuals living in higher ADI quartiles (quartile 2, 10.3%; quartile 3, 10.7%; quartile 4, 9.2%) had an increased odds of delivering an LGA neonate compared with those in the lowest referent quartile (quartile 1, 8.2%) (aOR: quartile 2, 1.40, 95% CI 1.19–1.61; quartile 3, 1.35, 95% CI 1.09–1.61; quartile 4, 1.47, 95% CI 1.20–1.74).

CONCLUSION:
Neonates of nulliparous pregnant individuals living in U.S. neighborhoods with higher area deprivation were more likely to have abnormal birth weights at both extremes.
DISAPPEARING CHOROIDAL SPOTS ON OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY PRECEDING RECURRENCE OF MULTIFOCAL CHOROIDITIS WITH CHORIORETINAL ATROPHY
Authors: Marchese Alessandro , Bar-Meir Avram , Jampol Lee M. , Mirza Rukhsana G. 
Published: September 2023

Purpose:
To describe idiopathic multifocal choroiditis with chorioretinal atrophy developing choroidal flow voids on optical coherence tomography angiography that preceded a recurrence of the disease.

Methods:
Case report.

Results:
A 24-year-old woman presented with visual field changes and occasional photopsias. Systemic workup for syphilis, tuberculosis, and sarcoidosis was negative. Clinical findings and multimodal imaging were consistent with idiopathic multifocal choroiditis with chorioretinal atrophy, complicated by inactive choroidal neovascularization in her right eye. She was treated with systemic corticosteroids with a taper over 3 months without change in her examination. She was then stable for 2 years. At that point, the patient experienced increased photopsias, but her examination result was unchanged. Optical coherence tomography angiography showed multiple flow voids in the choroid that were not present 6 months ago. No lesions were seen on other imaging modalities. Structural optical coherence tomography showed some subtle hyperreflectivity throughout the choroid that was previously absent. Given the unknown significance of these flow voids, the patient was asked to return for follow-up in 1 month. Her photopsias improved, and her vision remained normal. On repeat examination after 1 month, the patient had developed a few subtle yellow lesions in the superonasal quadrant of the left eye. There were no macular lesions. The repeat optical coherence tomography angiography revealed that the flow voids were fading.

Conclusion:
Imaging findings using optical coherence tomography angiography in our patient with idiopathic multifocal choroiditis showed choroidal flow voids that preceded clinical recurrence, not detected by other imaging modalities. Future studies should determine whether optical coherence tomography angiography can be used to detect subclinical lesions preceding clinical recurrences of idiopathic multifocal choroiditis.
Combination therapy with kidney protective therapies: optimizing the benefits?
Authors: Kotwal Sradha , Perkovic Evan , Perkovic Vlado 
Published: September 2023

Purpose of review
Recent advances in the treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD) have led to the development of several new agents that are kidney protective, particularly in people with diabetes. These agents include sodium/glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2 inhibitors), mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs). This review summarizes the available data regarding the effects of using these therapies in combination.

Recent findings
There is convincing evidence that SGLT-2 inhibitors and MRAs individually improve kidney function and reduce the risk of cardiovascular events in people with CKD, especially diabetic CKD. There is some evidence that GLP-1RAs may be beneficial, but further studies are needed.
The available data support an additive kidney and cardiovascular benefit using combination therapy with SGLT-2 inhibitors and MRAs, and possibly with SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1RAs, but more long-term data are needed. The currently available data suggest that combining these agents would likely be beneficial and may be an appropriate long-term strategy.

Summary
Several new agents are useful in slowing the progress of CKD. Further research to identify which combinations of agents work best together and which combinations are most effective for people with different characteristics, in order to personalize treatment and improve outcomes for people with CKD, should be a priority.
Sensitivities evaluation of five radiopharmaceuticals in four common medullary thyroid carcinoma metastatic sites on PET/CT: a network meta-analysis and systematic review
Authors: Li Pengyu , Zhang Yujie , Xu Tianfeng , Zhu Jingqiang , Wei Tao , Zhao Wanjun 
Published: September 2023

Objectives
Detecting medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) metastatic lesions accurately is still a challenge for clinicians. PET/computed tomography (PET/CT) seems to be the most effective method in recent years. However, the sensitivity of each radiopharmaceutical varies greatly in different metastatic sites. We aim to investigate and compare five novel and common PET or PET/CT radiopharmaceutical sensitivities at the four most frequent metastatic sites by network meta-analysis.

Methods
We searched for studies evaluating PET/CT radiopharmaceutical sensitivities at different metastatic sites in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library. The risk bias was analyzed, and publication bias was accessed by funnel plot asymmetry tests. We performed both global inconsistency and local inconsistency tests by evaluating the agreement between direct and indirect comparisons. Then, we made pairwise meta-analyses and network meta-analyses for each metastatic site. Finally, we performed the surface under the cumulative ranking curves (SUCRA) and calculated the SUCRA values to rank the probability of each radiopharmaceutical being the most sensitive method.

Results
In our results, 243 patients from 9 clinical studies which accessed sensitivities of different radiopharmaceuticals in MTC metastatic sites were included. For lymph nodes and liver, TF2/68Ga-SSM288 showed the highest SUCRA values (0.974 in lymph nodes, 0.979 in liver). The SUCRA values for 18F-DOPA and 68Ga-SSA for bone metastatic lesions were nearly identical (0.301 and 0.319, respectively) and were higher than the other three radiopharmaceuticals. For lung lesions, 11C-methionine had the highest SUCRA value (0.412).

Conclusion
TF2/68Ga-SSM288 had the best sensitivity in lymph nodes and liver lesions. 11C-methionine was most sensitive in lung lesions. While 18F-DOPA and 68Ga-SSA had familiar sensitivities to be the best two radiopharmaceuticals.
Predictors of cardiovascular risk in familial hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Romero-Jiménez Manuel Jesús , Mansilla-Rodríguez María Elena , Gutiérrez-Cortizo Eva Nadiejda 
Published: September 2023

Purpose of review
Familial hypercholesterolemia is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The current international guidelines of the main scientific societies consider that, all people with Familial Hypercholesterolemia have a high or very high cardiovascular risk. However, the occurrence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is very heterogeneous in this population. Stratifying risk within people with familial hypercholesterolemia is essential to identify individuals who require intensive cholesterol-lowering therapies.

Recent findings
In the last year, several studies have been published focusing on the contribution of diabetes to Familial Hypercholesterolemia, the role of stroke, as a manifestation of atherosclerotic disease, and the external validation of the SAFEHEART risk equation in the English population diagnosed with Familial Hypercholesterolemia.

Summary
It is necessary the development of a tool that allows us to identify, in a simple, reproducible, and universal way, patients who may have a high risk of suffering a cardiovascular event and who are susceptible to more intensive treatments to reduce cholesterol levels.
The history of ethical principles in liver transplant organ allocation in the united states: how historical and proposed allocations system fare in balancing utility vs. urgency and justice vs. pragmatism
Authors: Ahearn Aaron 
Published: September 2023

Purpose of review
The United States (US) liver transplant community is processing changes to the allocation system and developing a new proposal that will result in even greater change. This review evaluates the ethical implications of these decisions, focusing on two sets of competing ethical principles (Urgency vs. Utility and Justice vs. Pragmatism).

Recent findings
About four years ago, the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN) implemented the Acuity Circle Model to replace the geographic boundaries of organ procurement organizations (OPOs). Here, we review how effectively this model reduced regional variation in access and improved waitlist survival. Likewise, the OPTN is planning to transition to a continuous distribution model which will redefine the scoring systems for allocation. We will discuss how the ethical priorities discussed above should be considered while developing the new system.

Summary
Every change in organ allocation policy must balance competing ethical imperatives. Although our community's emphasis on urgency over utility is appropriate, we should study the potential benefits of considering utility in the system. Meanwhile, our push for more Justice in the system should remain our imperative and Pragmatism should only be considered to minimize the costs of these changes.
Quality Tool School: Improving the Delivery of Quality Improvement Education in a Children’s Hospital
Authors: Gallup James , Buckingham Don , Dolan Kevin , Macias Charlie 
Published: September 2023

Background:
In 2013, Nationwide Children’s Hospital’s (NCH) Quality Tool School (QTS) was created as an initial Quality Improvement educational series, composed of three separate classes, totaling 5.5 hours of hands-on QI training. QTS complemented the NCH 40-hour Quality Improvement Essentials course.

Methods:
Over 10 years, the series went through three phases of aims: Phase 1: develop and implement three core courses (Project Tools, Excel, and Control Charts); Phase 2: have participants complete the entire series of all three classes; Phase 3: have participants who complete the entire series of all three classes demonstrate the application of learning through involvement in a quality improvement project.

Results:
Since initiation, QTS has provided an educational entry point for 1428 NCH employees to participate in QI projects and teams. QTS has shown statistically significant improvement in 2 of the 3 principal aims. The Phase 1 metric of average monthly one-class participation completion percentage showed a statistically significant centerline shift from 9 to 16 students in October 2018. The Phase 3 metric Percentage of QTS participants completing the QTS series of classes and then participating in a QI team began in 2016 with a baseline of 42%. A centerline shift from 42% to 63% occurred in Q4 2018.

Conclusions:
QTS can provide QI education to healthcare system employees using limited resources. Organizations that strategically integrate a culture of QI into core beliefs can realize substantial improvement gains.
Current Concepts in Lower Extremity Amputation: A Primer for Plastic Surgeons
Authors: Hanwright Philip J. , Suresh Visakha , Shores Jaimie T. , Souza Jason M. , Tuffaha Sami H. 
Published: September 2023

Learning Objectives:
After studying this article, the participant should be able to: 1. Understand the goals of lower extremity reconstruction and identify clinical scenarios favoring amputation. 2. Understand lower extremity amputation physiology and biomechanics. 3. Review soft-tissue considerations to achieve durable coverage. 4. Appreciate the evolving management of transected nerves. 5. Highlight emerging applications of osseointegration and strategies to improve myoelectric prosthetic control.

Summary:
Plastic surgeons are well versed in lower extremity reconstruction for traumatic, oncologic, and ischemic causes. Limb amputation is an increasingly sophisticated component of the reconstructive algorithm and is indicated when the residual limb is predicted to be more functional than a salvaged limb. Although plastic surgeons have traditionally focused on limb salvage, they play an increasingly vital role in optimizing outcomes from amputation. This warrants a review of core concepts and an update on emerging reconstructive techniques in amputee care.