bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rhizosphere priming promotes plant nitrogen acquisition by microbial necromass recycling
Authors: Pausch Johanna , Holz Maire , Zhu Biao , Cheng Weixin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractNitrogen availability in the rhizosphere relies on root‐microorganism interactions, where root exudates trigger soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition through the rhizosphere priming effect (RPE). Though microbial necromass contribute significantly to organically bound soil nitrogen (N), the role of RPEs in regulating necromass recycling and plant nitrogen acquisition has received limited attention. We used 15N natural abundance as a proxy for necromass‐N since necromass is enriched in 15N compared to other soil‐N forms. We combined studies using the same experimental design for continuous 13CO2 labelling of various plant species and the same soil type, but considering top‐ and subsoil. RPE were quantified as difference in SOM‐decomposition between planted and unplanted soils. Results showed higher plant N uptake as RPEs increased. The positive relationship between 15N‐enrichment of shoots and roots and RPEs indicated an enhanced necromass‐N turnover by RPE. Moreover, our data revealed that RPEs were saturated with increasing carbon (C) input via rhizodeposition in topsoil. In subsoil, RPEs increased linearly within a small range of C input indicating a strong effect of root‐released C on decomposition rates in deeper soil horizons. Overall, this study confirmed the functional importance of rhizosphere C input for plant N acquisition through enhanced necromass turnover by RPEs.
Complement receptor 3 is required for maximum in vitro trogocytic killing of the parasite Trichomonas vaginalis by human neutrophil‐like cells
Authors: Trujillo Emma N. , Flores Barbara A. , Romero Isabel V. , Moran Jose A. , Leka Aljona , Ramirez Ashley D. , Ear Jason , Mercer Frances 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTrichomonas vaginalis (Tv) is a parasite that causes trichomoniasis, a prevalent sexually‐transmitted infection. Neutrophils are found at the site of infection, and can rapidly kill the parasite in vitro, using trogocytosis. However, the specific molecular players in neutrophil killing of Tv are unknown. Here, we show that complement proteins play a role in Tv killing by human neutrophil‐like cells (NLCs). Using CRISPR/Cas9, we generated NLCs deficient in each of three complement receptors (CRs) known to be expressed on human neutrophils: CR1, CR3, and CR4. Using in vitro trogocytosis assays, we found that CR3, but not CR1 or CR4 is required for maximum trogocytosis of the parasite by NLCs, with NLCs lacking CR3 demonstrating ~40% reduction in trogocytosis, on average. We also observed a reduction in NLC killing of Tv in CR3 knockout, but not CR1 or CR4 knockout NLCs. On average, NLCs lacking CR3 had ~50% reduction in killing activity. We also used a parallel approach of pre‐incubating NLCs with blocking antibodies against CR3, which similarly reduced NLC killing of parasites. These data support a model in which Tv is opsonized by the complement protein iC3b, and bound by neutrophil CR3 receptor, to facilitate trogocytic killing of the parasite.
Reduction in creatine metabolites in macrophages exposed to small molecule analogues of the anti‐inflammatory parasitic worm product ES‐62
Authors: Alanazi S. , Doonan J. , Lumb F. E. , Alenzi N. , Jabbar S. , Al‐Riyami L. , Suckling C. J. , Harnett W. , Watson D. G. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractES‐62, a protein secreted by Acanthocheilonema viteae, is anti‐inflammatory by virtue of covalently attached phosphorylcholine (PC) residues and thus a library of drug‐like small molecule analogues (SMAs) based on its PC moieties has been designed for therapeutic purposes. Two members, SMAs 11a and 12b, were previously found to suppress production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines by mouse bone marrow‐derived macrophages (BMMs) exposed to cytosine‐phosphate‐guanosine oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG), agonists for Toll‐like receptor 9. In order to explore the mechanism of action underlying such activities, an untargeted mass spectrometry‐based metabolomics screen was undertaken. Stimulation of BMMs with CpG produced significant metabolic changes relating to glycolysis and the TCA cycle but the SMAs had little impact on this. Also, the SMAs did not promote alterations in metabolites known to be associated with macrophage M1/M2 polarization. Rather, BMMs exposed to SMAs 11a or 12b prior to CpG treatment, or even alone, revealed downregulation of metabolites of creatine, a molecule whose major role is in the transport of high energy phosphate from the mitochondria to the cytosol. These data therefore provide insight into a possible mechanism of action of molecules with significant therapeutic potential that has not previously been described for parasitic worm products.
Demushkin groups of uncountable rank
Authors: Bar‐On Tamar , Nikolov Nikolay 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe extend the theory of countably generated Demushkin groups to Demushkin groups of arbitrary rank. We investigate their algebraic properties and invariants, count their isomorphism classes, and study their realization as absolute Galois group. At the end, we compute their profinite completion and conclude with some results on profinite completion of absolute Galois groups.
Impact of Sources of Damping on the Fragility Estimates of Wind Turbine Towers
Authors: Baisthakur Shubham , Pakrashi Vikram , Bhattacharya Subhamoy , Fitzgerald Breiffni 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Fragility estimates in wind turbine towers have been investigated but the effect of damping on fragility has not been studied. While damping can often be small, it can come from different sources for a wind turbine. This paper demonstrates that even for small levels of equivalent viscous damping, a combination of sources can have a significant impact on the estimate of the fragility of a wind turbine in operational conditions. The widely studied 5 MW reference wind turbine is considered for this study. The fragility analysis is performed considering the tower fore-aft displacement and acceleration responses. The impact of different sources of damping on fragility is estimated and ranked to qualitatively understand the impact of damping on the lifetime performance of the tower and develop approximate estimates of their quantitative changes.
Calculation and Uncertainty Analysis of Core Parameters of Advanced Lead-Cooled Modular Nuclear Reactor Using New Nuclear Data Libraries
Authors: Vu Thanh Mai , Tran Le Quang Linh , Bui Thi Hong , Pham Nhu Viet Ha 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
A small modular lead-cooled fast spectrum core concept called Advanced lead-cooled modular nuclear reactor (ALMANAR) designed to produce 45 MWth power for 22 years operating without refueling was proposed in a previous study. The neutronics investigation showed its excellent inherent safety features. It could be considered as a candidate for future electricity source for the near future. It is noteworthy that the target accuracy for eigenvalue calculation for keff regardless of spectrum is set to 300 pcm. However, findings in this analysis revealed that the keff uncertainty was larger for the recently released nuclear data libraries (about 800 pcm), mostly from 235U capture cross section (624 pcm) in the case of ENDF/B-VIII.0 and 238U inelastic scattering cross section (437 pcm) in the case of JENDL-5. Selected kinetic parameters of the ALMANAR core and their uncertainty were also evaluated and analyzed. No major impact on the total βeff, leff, and λeff simulation results was found. In order to improve the reliability of criticality calculations of the lead-cooled small fast reactor, the accuracy of capture and fission cross section of 235,238U, the capture cross section of 10B and the elastic scattering cross section of 208Pb at the fast energy range of ENDF/B-VIII.0 should be improved. Furthermore, the inelastic scattering and capture cross section of 238U, fission and capture cross section of 235U and the capture cross section of 10B of JENDL-5 should also be improved.
Propagation of the Fundamental Lamb Modes in Strain Stiffened Hard-Magnetic Soft Plates
Authors: Kumar Patra Asesh , Kumar Sharma Atul , Joglekar D. M. , Joglekar M. M. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This study focuses on investigating hard-magnetic soft materials, characterized by magnetoactive polymers containing magnetically polarized particles as fillers. The research utilizes the Gent model of hyperelasticity to analyze the propagation of Lamb waves in a magnetically induced deformed compressible plate. In this investigation, we explore both finite deformations and incremental wave propagation in nonlinear hard-magnetic soft materials. The main objective is to formulate the elastic tensor and relevant wave equations within the framework of Lagrangian space. To assess the dispersion characteristics of the guided wave, the study introduces and discusses an extension of the semi-analytical finite element (SAFE) method. Using this numerical approach, the research further examines the effects of magnetic flux densities and its orientation with respect to wave propagation direction on the dispersion characteristics of the fundamental Lamb modes. The study starts by examining the limiting case of the neo-Hookean material model to explain such inherent dependencies. These dependencies are then further emphasized by including the strain-stiffening effect that the Gent material model describes. The research findings reveal the presence of a threshold applied magnetic flux, beyond which the Gent-type material may undergo a snap-through instability, resulting in changes in the dispersion characteristics of the fundamental symmetric Lamb mode.
Design and Analysis of a Lunar Crewed Vehicle With a Novel Versatile Compliant Suspension Mechanism
Authors: Gao Haibo , Yuan Runze , Liu Zhen , Lu Renchao 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
A lunar crewed vehicle (LCV) with improved maneuverability, mobility, and ride comfort is required for astronauts to conduct long-range scientific investigations and resource utilization on the Moon’s surface. This paper concentrates on designing a novel multi-functional compliant suspension for LCV to improve the above-mentioned performance. First, based on the requirement of high-speed traversing on the rough Lunar terrain, the required type of suspension motion is identified and the demanded suspension mechanism is obtained through structural evolution. Then, the kinematic analysis of the proposed suspension mechanism is conducted, and the steering kinematic model of the whole vehicle is established. A compliance analysis is completed, taking into account the actual design characteristics of the suspension mechanism. A multi-degrees-of-freedom dynamics model of the vehicle is developed, considering both wheel–ground separation and the deformation of wheels and soil. Simulations are conducted to verify full vehicle performance with the proposed suspension, and the results reveal that the design features better mobility and comfort in rough terrain with minimum turning radius, peak longitudinal acceleration, and root mean square reduced by 9.5%, 45.1%, and 21.4%, respectively.
Dynamic Manipulation and Stiffness Modulation of Cooperative Continuum Robots: Theory and Experiment
Authors: Jalali Amir , Janabi-Sharifi Farrokh 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Cooperative continuum robots (CCRs) are composed of multiple coupled continuum arms to cooperatively conduct manipulation tasks. They can highly enhance the performance of individual continuum arms by providing extra stiffness, leading to increased accuracy, payload capacity, and dynamic stability of the robot. This study aimed to investigate the stiffness analysis of tendon-driven supportive-type CCRs (S-CCRs). For this purpose, first, a generalized framework for the dynamic mathematical formulation and numerical solution of S-CCRs was proposed, their dynamic response to complex scenarios was obtained, and the accuracy of the model was experimentally evaluated. Then, the capability of stiffness modulation of S-CCRs was studied. Tendon-driven S-CCRs are potentially capable of changing the stiffness with structural configuration, providing active stiffness control at the design level. Hence, in this study, the effects of the connection point location/angle of the supportive arms to the operative arm, as well as the imposed tendon limitations of the supportive arm on the stiffness of the robot, and consequently on the dynamic payload manipulation, were studied and practical solutions were proposed to develop a simple but effective stiffness control mechanism. This study showed that a typical S-CCR can increase its stiffness, just by a modular connector design up to 84% during manipulation, bringing a novel opportunity for stiffness modulation of CCRs.
Numerical Investigation of the Flow Structure and Acoustical Noise in a Suppressor
Authors: Ayaliew Yimam Ezedin , Demircan Tolga 
Published: February 2024

The noise created when a firearm is fired has a lot of adverse effects on humans and the environment, so analyzing and attenuating this noise is essential. This study aimed to examine propellant flow and the sound generated by this flow using a hybrid computational fluid dynamics and computational aeroacoustics method. The compatibility of this numerical study was also validated by comparing it with the experimental result. The impact of critical parameters, such as the shape and number of baffles of the suppressor, was studied. Finally, the overpressure and acoustics results of different suppressors were compared with each other and with the unsuppressed condition. According to the result, the suppressor with curved baffles shows a better performance. When the exit pressure at the tip of suppressor compared to the initial inlet pressure to the suppressor the percentage drop in overpressure was 76.01%, 78.79% and 81.3% for the suppressor with one, three and five curved baffles, respectively. For condition without suppressor, 169.49[Formula: see text]dB of SPL was recorded. When using a suppressor without a baffle, this value was reduced to 162.13[Formula: see text]dB. For the suppressor with one, three and five curved baffles, the SPL value was 160.234[Formula: see text]dB, 159.43[Formula: see text]dB and 158.11[Formula: see text]dB, respectively. Generally, this study shows that the suppressor’s efficiency is directly proportional to its shape and number of baffles.
Immunomodulatory Effects of RANK/RANKL Blockade in Patients with Cancer
Authors: Nasrollahi Elham , Davar Diwakar 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In cancer, multiple factors converge upon receptor activator of nuclear factor κB (RANK) and its ligand (RANKL) signaling to promote the development of bone metastases; agents that inhibit RANKL signaling reduce skeletal-related events (SRE) in patients with cancer. In addition, RANKL signaling is important in augmenting the ability of dendritic cells (DC) to stimulate both naïve T-cell proliferation and the survival of RANK+ T cells. In this issue, Chang and colleagues using high-dimensional cytometry to evaluate immunomodulatory effects of denosumab in patients with advanced solid, observe early on treatment changes in multiple compartments, and greater effects in patients receiving concurrent chemotherapy or steroids.
See related article by Chang et al., p. 453 (4).
The Stochastic Spinup of Vorticity in Spontaneous Tropical Cyclogenesis
Authors: Fu Hao , O’Neill Morgan E. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Cloud-permitting simulations have shown that tropical cyclones (TCs) can form spontaneously in a quiescent environment with uniform sea surface temperature. While several mesoscale feedbacks are known to amplify an existing midlevel vortex, how the noisy deep convection produces the initial midlevel vortex remains unclear. This paper develops a theoretical framework to understand the evolution of the midlevel mesoscale vorticity’s histogram in the first two days of spontaneous tropical cyclogenesis, which we call the “stochastic spinup stage.” The mesoscale vorticity is produced by two random processes related to deep convection: the random stretching of planetary vorticity f and the tilting of random vertical shear. With the central limit theorem, the mesoscale vorticity is modeled as the sum of three independent normal distributions, which include the cyclones produced by stretching, cyclones produced by tilting, and anticyclones produced by tilting. The theory predicts that the midlevel mesoscale vorticity obeys a normal distribution, and its standard deviation is universally proportional to the square root of the domain-averaged accumulated rainfall, agreeing with simulations. The theory also predicts a critical latitude below which tilting is dominant in producing mesoscale vorticity. Treating the magnitude of random vertical shear as a fitting parameter, the critical latitude is shown to be around 12°N. Because the magnitude of vertical shear should be larger in the real atmosphere, this result suggests that tilting is an important source of mesoscale vorticity fluctuation in the tropics.
When smoking is the smallest problem: A qualitative study of smoking prevention in Danish vocational schools
Authors: Rusiti Blerina , Kjeld Simone Gad , Andersen Susan , Bast Lotus Sofie , Danielsen Dina 
Published: February 2024

Objective: In Denmark, more students smoke in vocational schools than in upper secondary schools. Smoking-prevention initiatives may reduce the prevalence of smoking but may also introduce unforeseen challenges. This study examined the significance of smoking and dilemmas related to smokefree school hours (SFSH) among established smokers in Danish vocational schools. Design: Qualitative research design. Setting: Data collection took place in a vocational education and training (VET) school in Denmark. The subject area was care, health and pedagogy (CHP). Method: Participant observation and focus groups were conducted with students and teachers. Two classes were observed for 2 weeks in total. The data analysed consisted of participant observation field notes ( n = 10 school days), transcripts from student focus groups ( n = 6; aged 18–56) and transcripts from teacher focus groups ( n = 11). Results: Two dilemmas were described as faced by established smokers in relation to the implementation of smokefree school hours: (1) The school is entitled to make rules versus the right to decide for oneself; and (2) life and schoolwork are challenging and demanding versus school work is more important than smoking. Conclusion: The findings illustrate how smoking, as an ingrained everyday practice for established smokers, represents a means of coping with difficult school demands and everyday challenges, particularly for vulnerable students, and how regulations such as SFSH create dilemmas for those students. These dilemmas are important to consider when designing and implementing smoking-prevention initiatives to prevent potential negative side effects and an unintended increase in social inequality in smoking.
“Always Trying to Dig Deeper”: The Enactment of Teaching Expertise as an Emotion-Laden Continual Learning Process
Authors: Nash Brady L. , Pruitt Alina A. , Schallert Diane L. 
Published: February 2024

Background or Context: Amid a backdrop of increasing deprofessionalization of teaching and teacher education, education researchers and reformers continue to highlight the complexity and expertise of these professions. Expertise-as-process (Bereiter & Scardamalia, 1993) is a conception of expertise that eschews the traditional focus on accumulated knowledge, emphasizing instead expertise as a process of identifying new challenges and using challenges to continue learning. Although this conception has been used to inform thinking regarding expertise more broadly, it has rarely been applied in empirical studies of teaching and teacher education. Purpose, Objective, Research Question, or Focus of Study: Using expertise-as-process as a framework for analysis, this instrumental case study focuses on one expert literacy teacher/teacher educator who enacted expertise as a continual learning process. Research Design: The case study draws from 18 months of data collection to examine the lived enactment of expertise-as-process through praxis. The study focuses on the focal participant’s planning, teaching, professional learning, collaborative discussions, and recollections of her 20+-year career as a high school English teacher and teacher educator. Conclusions or Recommendations: The focal participant enacted progressive problem-solving by engaging in complex thinking about teaching and students, actively seeking opportunities to improve her teaching, and involving collaborators in these pursuits. This approach to teaching was accompanied by diverse emotions: passion, care, anxiety, and dissatisfaction. This case study provides a detailed picture of an expert teacher’s practice across domains through a theoretical lens rarely used to understand expertise in the teaching profession, and adds a needed emotional dimension to the research on teacher expertise and on expertise more broadly.
The Effect of Pelvic Incidence on Outcomes After Hip Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement and Acetabular Labral Tears
Authors: Torabian Kaveh A. , Cherian Nathan J. , Eberlin Christopher T. , Dean Michael C. , Dowley Kieran S. , LaPorte Zachary L. , Kucharik Michael P. , Gillinov Stephen M. , Martin Scott D. 
Published: February 2024

Background: In the setting of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI), decompression osteoplasties reconcile deleterious loading patterns caused by cam and pincer lesions. However, native variations of spinopelvic sagittal alignment may continue to perpetuate detrimental effects on the labrum, chondrolabral junction, and articular cartilage after hip arthroscopy. Purpose: To evaluate the effect of pelvic incidence (PI) on postoperative outcomes after hip arthroscopy for acetabular labral tears in the setting of FAI. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A retrospective query of prospectively collected data identified patients ≥18 years of age who underwent primary hip arthroscopy for FAI and acetabular labral tears between February 2014 and January 2022, with 3-, 6-, 12-, and 24-month follow-ups. Measurements for PI, pelvic tilt (PT), sacral slope (SS), and acetabular version were obtained via advanced diagnostic imaging. Patients were stratified into low-PI (<45°), moderate-PI (45°≤ PI ≤ 60°), and high-PI (>60°) cohorts. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), clinically meaningful outcomes (ie, minimal clinically important difference, Patient Acceptable Symptom State, substantial clinical benefit, and maximal outcome improvement), visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores, and patient satisfaction were compared across cohorts. Results: A total of 74 patients met eligibility criteria and were stratified into low-PI (n = 28), moderate-PI (n = 31), and high-PI (n = 15) cohorts. Correspondingly, patients with high PI displayed significantly greater values for PT ( P = .001), SS ( P < .001), acetabular version ( P < .001), and acetabular inclination ( P = .049). By the 12- and 24-month follow-ups, the high-PI cohort was found to have significantly inferior PROMs, VAS pain scores, rates of clinically meaningful outcome achievement, and satisfaction relative to patients with moderate and/or low PI. No significant differences were found between cohorts regarding rates of revision arthroscopy, subsequent spine surgery, or conversion to total hip arthroplasty. Conclusion: After hip arthroscopy, patients with a high PI (>60°) exhibited inferior PROMs, rates of achieving clinically meaningful thresholds, and satisfaction at 12 and 24 months relative to patients with low or moderate PI. Conversely, the outcomes of patients with low PI (<45°) were found to match the trajectory of those with a neutral spinopelvic alignment (45°≤ PI ≤ 60°). These findings highlight the importance of analyzing spinopelvic parameters preoperatively to prognosticate outcomes before hip arthroscopy for acetabular labral tears and FAI.