bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Pulmonary and Inflammatory Effects of Lipid- and Water-Soluble Components in Meconium in Newborn Piglets
Authors: Tølløfsrud Per Arne , Lindenskov Paal Haakonsen , Drevon Christian A. , Speer Christian P. , Seidenspinner Silvia , Saugstad Ola Didrik 
Published: October 2003

To understand the pathogenesis of meconium aspiration syndrome, we compared the pulmonary and inflammatory effects of the water and lipid extracts of human meconium instilled into the lungs of newborn piglets. The piglets were artificially ventilated, made hypoxemic, and randomized into three groups. At start of reoxygenation, 3 ml/kg of one of the following mixtures was instilled intratracheally: (1) meconium (n = 12); (2) water extract of meconium (n = 12), and (3) lipid extract of meconium (n = 12). During 8 h of reoxygenation, hemodynamics, pulmonary gas exchange, lung mechanics, and interleukin-8 concentrations in tracheobronchial aspirates were monitored. Oxygenation index (p = 0.04) and mean airway pressure (p = 0.04) increased more in the lipid extract group than in the water extract group. Dynamic compliance and mean arterial blood pressure decreased (p < 0.05) in the meconium and lipid extract groups, but not in the water extract group. At 8 h of reoxygenation, the interleukin-8 concentration in the tracheobronchial aspirates was three times higher in the lipid extract group as compared with the water extract group (110 ± 102 vs. 37 ± 27 pg/ml; p = 0.02). In conclusion, pulmonary dysfunction in meconium aspiration syndrome is caused by both the water- and lipid-soluble fractions of meconium, with stronger inflammatory and more detrimental effects promoted by the lipid extract than the water extract.
Home ventilation: Table 1—
Authors: Simonds A.K. 
Published: October 2003

Home ventilation is a growth area. Rapid expansion during the 1990s was stimulated by the development of noninvasive ventilation (NIV)viaa mask and the recognition that an increased number of patient groups can benefit. Although patients receiving NIV in the home outnumber those receiving invasive ventilationviatracheostomy, there is substantial variation in practice between European countries.Evidence that individuals who develop ventilatory failure as a consequence of chest wall disease or stable neuromuscular disease such as old poliomyelitis benefit from nocturnal NIV is overwhelming. Patients with progressive neuromuscular disease such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis can also derive prolongation of life, palliation of symptoms and an improvement in quality of life.Home ventilation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients remains controversial. Multicentric randomised controlled trials of long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT)versusNIV plus LTOT in COPD have produced mixed results, although certain subgroups,e.g.those with recurrent infective exacerbations requiring short-term NIV, patients aged >65 yrs, and those with uncontrolled hypercapnia on LTOT or symptomatic nocturnal hypoventilation, may benefit.At the other end of the age spectrum, children as young as a few months can be successfully treated with noninvasive ventilation. Most work on paediatric home ventilation centres on children with congenital neuromuscular disease. Pressure preset bilevel ventilators are now the dominant form of ventilator in adults and children. Discharge planning is vital for the home ventilator patient and a sensible risk management strategy should be in place.
Mechanical ventilation: invasiveversusnoninvasive: Table 1—
Authors: Brochard L. 
Published: October 2003

Mechanical ventilation is the most widely used supportive technique in intensive care units. Several forms of external support for respiration have long been described to assist the failing ventilatory pump, and access to lower airways through tracheostomy or endotracheal tubes had constituted a major advance in the management of patients with respiratory distress. More recently, however, new “noninvasive” ventilation (NIV) techniques, using patient/ventilator interfaces in the form of facial masks, have been designed.The reasons for promoting NIV include a better understanding of the role of ventilatory pump failure in the indications for mechanical ventilation, the development of ventilatory modalities able to work in synchrony with the patient, and the extensive recognition of complications associated with endotracheal intubation and standard mechanical ventilation.NIV has been used primarily for patients with acute hypercapnic ventilatory failure, and especially for acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In this population, the use of NIV is associated with a marked reduction in the need for endotracheal intubation, a decrease in complication rate, a reduced duration of hospital stay and a substantial reduction in hospital mortality. Similar benefits have also been demonstrated in patients with asphyxic forms of acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema. In patients with primarily hypoxemic forms of respiratory failure, the level of success of NIV is more variable, but major benefits have also been demonstrated in selected populations with no contraindications such as multiple organ failure, loss of consciousness or haemodynamic instability.One important factor in success seems to be the early delivery of noninvasive ventilation during the course of respiratory failure. Noninvasive ventilation allows many of the complications associated with mechanical ventilation to be avoided, especially the occurrence of nosocomial infections. The current use of noninvasive ventilation is growing up, and is becoming a major therapeutic tool in the intensive care unit.
Stage‐specific psychological determinants of stage transition
Authors: Dijkstra Arie , Tromp Debbie , Conijn Barbara 
Published: October 2003

Objectives: The stages of change construct refers to the different psychological states people move through when they change their behaviour. However, the prediction that people in different stages of change need different sorts of interventions to stimulate the change process has scarcely been tested prospectively. An indirect test of this hypothesis would need to assess whether there are stage‐specific psychological determinants of forward stage transition.Method: Smoking and quitting history, demographics, three potential psychological determinants of stage transition and stage of change were assessed in over 700 smokers and ex‐smokers (T1). After eight months (T2), stage of change was reassessed.Results: The cross‐sectional relationships between two of the three psychological measures and stage of change were largely non‐linear. In the main prospective analyses on forward stage transition, stage‐specific determinants were identified for three of the four possible forward stage transitions. Furthermore, for three of the four possible backward stage transitions, stage‐specific determinants of backward stage transition approached significance. For the contemplation stage, none of the determinants under investigation were found to be related to either forward or backward stage transition.Conclusions: The present data indirectly support the notion that stage‐specific interventions should target stage‐specific determinants of stage transition in smoking behaviour. However, with regard to smokers in the contemplation stage—who comprise a large proportion of smokers in Western countries—no conclusions can be drawn.
Facial palsy as first presentation of acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Sood Bhrigu Raj , Sharma Brij , Kumar Satish , Gupta Dalip , Sharma Ashok 
Published: October 2003

AbstractGranulocytic sarcoma or chloroma is a tumor composed of myeloblast or monoblast. These tumors may be found in any location of the body and occur in 5% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cases and are more common in pediatric patients. In this report we describe the case of a 27‐year‐old male who developed lower motor neuron seventh nerve palsy followed by swelling of the parotid gland. Fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of the soft tissue swelling revealed scattered blasts, and peripheral smear and bone marrow aspirate examination suggested AML. This is a rare presentation of a granulocytic sarcoma leading to a diagnosis of AML. Am. J. Hematol. 74:200–201, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Urinary excretion of retinol in patients with multiple myeloma: A preliminary study
Authors: Gavrilov Vladimir , Yermiahu Tikva , Gorodischer Rafael 
Published: October 2003

AbstractUrinary excretion of vitamin A was studied in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). Eight of the 12 patients studied excreted retinol in urine; only one of them had elevated serum creatinine (115–150 μmol/L). There was a highly significant correlation between urinary retinol and serum creatinine (P < 0.0004). Urinary retinol correlated also with urine protein (P < 0.0001) and albumin (P = 0.001), but not with urinary immunoglobulin light chains. Urinary retinol excretion may be an early manifestation of renal dysfunction in MM patients. The effect of urinary retinol excretion on vitamin A homeostasis in MM deserves further study. Am. J. Hematol. 74:202–204, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Visceral leishmaniasis masquerading as myelodysplasia
Authors: Kopterides Petros , Halikias Spyridon , Tsavaris Nikolaos 
Published: October 2003

AbstractWe report a case of a 61‐year‐old man with head and neck cancer who presented with pancytopenia two months after the completion of his chemotherapy and was diagnosed with myelodysplasia on the basis of two bone marrow examinations, before the correct diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis was established with splenectomy. Am. J. Hematol. 74:198–199, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia without the Philadelphia chromosome occurring in chronic myelogenous leukemia with the Philadelphia chromosome
Authors: Jin Huh Hee , Won Huh Jung , Myong Seong Chu , Lee Miae , Soon Chung Wha 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe blast crisis in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is related to the evolution of a Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)‐positive clone. Secondary chromosomal abnormalities accompanied by t(9;22) are found in 70–80% of blast crises. Here we describe a patient with Ph‐positive CML, who developed Ph‐negative acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). A 52‐year‐old man was diagnosed with CML with the Ph chromosome in the chronic phase. He achieved a partial cytogenetic response after 4 months of imatinib mesylate therapy. After 8 months, common ALL occurred. At that time his karyotype was normal and the Ph chromosome was not noted. Am. J. Hematol. 74:218–220, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Disseminated Mycobacterium kansasii infection with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in a patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia
Authors: Goldschmidt Neta , Nusair Samir , Gural Alexander , Amir Gail , Izhar Uzi , Laxer Uri 
Published: October 2003

AbstractA 64‐year‐old woman with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) was admitted due to prolonged fever and lung infiltrates. An open lung biopsy was required to make the diagnosis of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) and infection with Mycobacterium kansasii. She was treated successfully with combined antimycobacterial therapy for 14 months. However, the leukemia progressed and the patient developed recurrent bilateral lung infiltrates. Blood and bronchoalveolar fluid cultures yielded growth of Acinetobacter. She died shortly thereafter due to septic shock. The relationship between M. kansasii infection, PAP, and abnormal host defense in CML is discussed. Am. J. Hematol. 74:221–223, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sickle cell patient with an acute chest syndrome and a negative chest X‐ray: Potential role of the ventilation and perfusion (V/Q) lung scan
Authors: Feldman Lawrence , Gross Robert , Garon Jack , Nallari Anitha , Kaur Navleen , Motwani Bharat , Sukumaran Sunitha , Allen Sandra , Westerman Maxwell 
Published: October 2003

AbstractAcute chest syndrome (ACS) in sickle cell disease is caused by thromboemboli in the pulmonary vasculature. The diagnostic criteria include the presence of pulmonary infiltrate(s) on chest x‐ray. This case report suggests that a V/Q scan may play a diagnostic role in sickle cell patients with symptoms of ACS and a negative chest x‐ray. Am. J. Hematol. 74:214–215, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Significance of increasing adhesion of cord blood hematopoietic cells and a new method: Platelet microparticles
Authors: Liu Bin , Liao Can , Chen Jingsong , Gu Shaoling , Wu Shaoqin , Xu Zunpeng 
Published: October 2003

AbstractHematopoietic recovery after transplantation with cord blood (CB) is slower than with bone marrow (BM) and mobilized peripheral blood. Adhesion molecules (AMs) on hematopoietic cells are involved in hematopoietic cells' homing. It may be possible to enhance CB CD34+ cells engraftment by increasing their expressions of AM. Twenty‐three patients with childhood acute leukemia treated with unrelated CBT were studied. It was found that the time to neutrophil recovery correlated with CXCR4 and the time to platelet recovery correlated with both CD62L and CXCR4. Platelet microparticles (PMPs) carry some AMs such as aIIb b (CD41), P‐selectin (CD62P), and CXCR4, CD34+ cells express platelet‐binding antigens (CD162 and CD11b). It was found that AMs were increased dramatically on CD34+ cells surface in the presence of PMPs, and CD34+ cells covered with PMPs adhered better to human umbilical vein endothelial cells and fibronectin. These findings suggested that PMPs could increase adhesion of donor's cells to host BM in CBT. Am. J. Hematol. 74:216–217, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rapid detection of six common Mediterranean and three non‐Mediterranean α‐thalassemia point mutations by reverse dot blot analysis
Authors: Foglietta Enrica , Bianco Ida , Maggio Aurelio , Giambona Antonino 
Published: October 2003

AbstractWe describe the implementation of reverse dot blot (RDB) hybridization as a rapid nonradioactive method for the identification of six frequent globin gene point mutations in the Mediterranean population: αHphα: α2 IVS I donor site GGTGAGG → GG‐‐‐‐‐; αNcoIα: α2 initiation codon ATG → ACG; αTSaudiα: α2Poly A signal AATAA → AATAAG; αIcariaα: α2 termination codon TAA → AAA (Ter → LYS); αCSα: α2 termination codon TAA → CAA (Ter → gly); ααNcoI: α1 initiation codon ATG → GTG; and three α2 globin gene point mutations found in immigrants in Italy: αT‐Quongszeα: α2 codon 12 CTG → CCG (Leu → Pro); αSeal Rockα: α2 termination codon TAA → GAA (TER → GLU); and αKoyadoraα: α2 termination codon TAA → TCA (TER → SER). The method uses the principle of allele‐specific oligonucleotide (ASO) hybridization, but it is a nonradioactive method and permits rapid and simultaneous typing of point mutations and small deletions. Am. J. Hematol. 74:191–195, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Overweight individuals are at increased risk for thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: Nicol Kathleen K. , Shelton Brent J. , Knovich Mary Ann , Owen John 
Published: October 2003

AbstractOur understanding of the pathophysiology of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, TTP, has increased dramatically in the past few years with the identification of the role of ADAMTS13. Nonetheless, risk factors for the development of acute TTP are few. Informally, obesity was felt to be common in patients with TTP and so a formal study was undertaken to further define this association. We report our data in 105 patients with classical TTP as defined by thrombocytopenia and microangiopathic hemolytic anemia. We found that marked obesity is a previously unrecognized risk factor with an associated odds ratio of 7.6. Interestingly, despite this increased risk, obesity might well be associated with lower mortality, although this did not reach statistical significance. Am J. Hematol. 74:170–174, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High‐dose intravenous immunoglobulin treatment in two patients with acquired factor V inhibitors
Authors: de Raucourt Emmanuelle , Barbier Christophe , Sinda Patrick , Dib Mamoun , Peltier Jean‐Yves , Ternisien Catherine 
Published: October 2003

AbstractWe report two patients who developed acquired factor V (FV) inhibitors not related to exposure to bovine thrombin. Associated conditions were found in one patient (surgery, antibiotic administration) but none in the other one. Bleeding complications occurred only in the patient with idiopathic FV inhibitor, leading to packed red cell infusion. Laboratory findings showed the presence of specific FV inhibitors with titers of 5.5 and 5 Bethesda units, respectively. These two patients received high‐dose intravenous immunoglobulin and FV levels normalized within a few days with a concomitant disappearance of FV inhibitors. Am. J. Hematol. 74:187–190, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
β‐Globin gene cluster haplotypes in sickle cell patients from southwest Iran
Authors: Rahimi Z. , Karimi M. , Haghshenass M. , Merat A. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractSickle cell anemia in Iran is accompanied by a high level of HbF and mild clinical presentation. Here we report haplotypes of the β gene cluster found in 81 randomly selected sickle cell patients, including 47 sickle cell anemia (SS), 17 sickle cell trait (AS), and 17 sickle/thalassemia (S/thal) from southwest Iran. We found all five common typical haplotypes as well as five atypical haplotypes in our patients. Except for four patients with homozygous Benin haplotype, none of the other African typical haplotypes were found in a homozygous state. Arab‐Indian was found to be the most prevalent haplotype in the study population. This haplotype accounted for 51.1% as the homozygous form in SS patients, where 69.1% of chromosomes in these patients had the Arab‐Indian haplotype. Bantu A2 was the second most prevalent haplotype among all patients. The mean %HbF in SS patients was 27.83 and in the homozygous Arab‐Indian haplotype it was still higher (30.40%), while in AS patients the %HbF was only 1.20. The high %Gγ chain (71.81) in the Arab‐Indian homozygous haplotype was concomitant with the presence of an Xmn I site in both chromosomes. The presence of the Arab‐Indian haplotype as the predominant haplotype might be suggestive of a gene flow to/from Saudi Arabia or India. More haplotype investigations of a normal population can clarify the high incidence of Bantu A2 haplotype in our population. Am. J. Hematol. 74:156–160, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
β‐thalassemia in association with a new δ‐chain hemoglobin variant [δ116(g18)Arg→Leu]: Implications for carrier screening and prenatal diagnosis
Authors: Waye John S. , Patterson Margaret , Walker Lynda , Eng Barry , Nakamura Lisa M. , Lafferty John D. , Yong Sui‐Li , Wu John K. , Chui David H.K. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractWe describe a complicated genetic counseling and prenatal diagnostic case involving an East Indian couple that had lost two consecutive pregnancies. Hemoglobinopathy screening was conducted to investigate the possibility of Hb Bart's hydrops fetalis or Hb H hydrops fetalis. The initial work‐up indicated that α‐thalassemia was not a contributing factor, with both parents being carriers of single gene deletions (−α3.7/αα). However, the Hb electrophoresis results indicated that the couple might be at risk for having children with Hb E/Hb Lepore disease. Subsequent DNA testing demonstrated that the father carried the Hb E mutation, but failed to confirm that the mother carries the Hb Lepore deletion. Sequence analysis revealed that the mother was heterozygous for a common East Indian β0‐thalassemia mutation, yet had a normal level of Hb A2. The mother also carried a previously unreported missense mutation of the δ‐globin gene, in cis with the β0‐thalassemia mutation, which gave rise to the minor Hb variant originally misidentified as Hb Lepore. This case illustrates the importance of comprehensive molecular analyses for accurate assessment of genetic risks for hemoglobinopathy syndromes. Am. J. Hematol. 74:179–181, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Initial management of immune thrombocytopenic purpura in adults: A randomized controlled trial comparing intermittent anti‐D with routine care
Authors: George James N. , Raskob Gary E. , Vesely Sara K. , Moore Dennis , Lyons Roger M. , Cobos Everardo , Towell Brenda L. , Klug Panpit , Guthrie Troy H. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractWe conducted a randomized clinical trial in adults with a new diagnosis of ITP and a platelet count <30,000/μL to test the hypothesis that initial intermittent treatment with anti‐D may avoid or defer the need for splenectomy when compared to current routine care (glucocorticoid treatment, followed by splenectomy). Splenectomy was to be performed in the anti‐D group if patients failed to respond to three consecutive anti‐D treatments given within 10 days. The incidences of splenectomy were 14 of 37 (38%) in the routine care group and 14 of 33 (42%) in the anti‐D group (absolute risk reduction = 4.6% in favor of the routine care group, 95% CI, −18.4 to 27.6%). However, splenectomy was performed prematurely, not according to the protocol, in 11 of 14 patients in the anti‐D group. The median time to splenectomy was 36 days (range, 9–78) in the routine care group and 112 days (range, 19–558) in the anti‐D group (P = 0.045 at 100 days after randomization, P = 0.840 at 1 year after randomization, using log‐rank analysis). Patients in the anti‐D group were treated with prednisone for fewer days (70 days) compared to the routine care group (112 days, P = 0.01). No major bleeding events occurred. In this study, initial treatment of patients with intermittent anti‐D initially deferred splenectomy. Whether our aggressive regimen of anti‐D could have prevented splenectomy if it had been adhered to in all patients remains uncertain. However, compliance with this anti‐D regimen was not feasible for many patients and/or their physicians. Am. J. Hematol. 74:161–169, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dermatomyositis and myelodysplastic syndrome with myelofibrosis responding to methotrexate therapy
Authors: Tsuji Goh , Maekawa Soichiro , Saigo Katsuyasu , Nobuhara Yumiko , Nakamura Tomoko , Kawano Seiji , Koshiba Masahiro , Asahara Shunichiro , Chinzei Tadanobu , Kumagai Shunichi 
Published: October 2003

AbstractDermatomyositis (DM) has not yet been reported as a complication of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). A 50‐year‐old man was diagnosed as having MDS because of the presence of anemia, the appearance of immature cells in peripheral blood, and the abnormal cellular morphology. A few months later, high fever, myalgia and erythema developed. Although DM symptoms were resistant to high‐dose corticosteroid administration, methotrexate (MTX) therapy improved not only the symptoms of DM but also hematologic findings related to MDS. This indicates that immunosuppressive therapy including MTX administration can be useful for patients with MDS with autoimmune symptoms. Am. J. Hematol. 74:175–178, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Establishing schedule control over dropping to the floor
Authors: Hagopian Louis P. , van Stone Maureen , Crockett Jennifer L. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractIn contrast to inherently dangerous behaviors such as self‐injury and aggression, some behaviors are problematic because of the context in which they occur. In the current study, we report on a boy who engaged in dropping to the floor both excessively and at inappropriate times. During the functional analysis, dropping occurred across all conditions, suggesting that it was either multiply maintained or maintained by automatic reinforcement. Treatment involved the use of discriminative stimuli and differential reinforcement with response cost to teach the client when dropping to the floor was and was not appropriate. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.