bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serial Analysis of Gene Expression Study of a Hybrid Rice Strain (LYP9) and Its Parental Cultivars
Authors: Bao JingYue , Lee Sanggyu , Chen Chen , Zhang XiuQing , Zhang Yu , Liu SiQi , Clark Terry , Wang Jian , Cao MengLiang , Yang HuanMing , Wang San Ming , Yu Jun 
Published: July 2005

Abstract
Using the serial analysis of gene expression technique, we surveyed transcriptomes of three major tissues (panicles, leaves, and roots) of a super-hybrid rice (Oryza sativa) strain, LYP9, in comparison to its parental cultivars, 93-11 (indica) and PA64s (japonica). We acquired 465,679 tags from the serial analysis of gene expression libraries, which were consolidated into 68,483 unique tags. Focusing our initial functional analyses on a subset of the data that are supported by full-length cDNAs and the tags (genes) differentially expressed in the hybrid at a significant level (P &lt; 0.01), we identified 595 up-regulated (22 tags in panicles, 228 in leaves, and 345 in roots) and 25 down-regulated (seven tags in panicles, 15 in leaves, and three in roots) in LYP9. Most of the tag-identified and up-regulated genes were found related to enhancing carbon- and nitrogen-assimilation, including photosynthesis in leaves, nitrogen uptake in roots, and rapid growth in both roots and panicles. Among the down-regulated genes in LYP9, there is an essential enzyme in photorespiration, alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase 1. Our study adds a new set of data crucial for the understanding of molecular mechanisms of heterosis and gene regulation networks of the cultivated rice.
Relationship between symptoms and hypersensitivity to rectal distension in patients with irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: KUIKEN S. D. , LINDEBOOM R. , TYTGAT G. N. , BOECKXSTAENS G. E. 
Published: July 2005

SummaryBackground:  Visceral hypersensitivity is considered an important pathophysiological mechanism in irritable bowel syndrome, yet its relationship to symptoms is unclear.Aim:  To detect possible associations between symptoms and the presence of hypersensitivity to rectal distension in patients with irritable bowel syndrome.Methods:  Ninety‐two irritable bowel syndrome patients and 17 healthy volunteers underwent a rectal barostat study. The association between specific irritable bowel syndrome symptoms and the presence of hypersensitivity was examined using Area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curves.Results:  Irritable bowel syndrome patients had significantly lower thresholds for discomfort/pain than healthy volunteers: 24 (18–30) and 30 (27–45) mmHg above minimal distending pressure, respectively. Forty‐one patients (45%) showed hypersensitivity to rectal distension. Proportions of patients with different predominant bowel habits were similar in hypersensitive and normosensitive subgroups (diarrhoea predominant: 39 and 41%, respectively; alternating type: 27 and 28%, respectively; constipation predominant: 34 and 31%, respectively). Severe abdominal pain was more frequent in hypersensitive, compared with normosensitive patients (88% vs. 67%, P = 0.02), but none of the individual irritable bowel syndrome symptoms could accurately predict the presence of hypersensitivity, as assessed by Area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve analysis.Conclusions:  Hypersensitive and normosensitive irritable bowel syndrome patients present with comparable, heterogeneous symptomatology. Therefore, selection based on clinical parameters is unlikely to discriminate individual irritable bowel syndrome patients with visceral hypersensitivity from those with normal visceral sensitivity.
Systematic review: proton‐pump inhibitor failure in gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease – where next?
Authors: FASS R. , SHAPIRO M. , DEKEL R. , SEWELL J. 
Published: July 2005

SummaryProton‐pump inhibitor failure has become a common clinical dilemma in gastrointestinal clinics and has been increasingly encountered at the primary care level as well. Underlying mechanisms are diverse and may overlap. Most patients who have proton‐pump inhibitor failure are likely to originate from the non‐erosive reflux disease phenotype. Currently, available diagnostic modalities provide limited clues to the exact underlying cause. Treatment relies primarily on escalating dosing of proton‐pump inhibitors. However, new insights into the pathophysiology of proton‐pump inhibitor failure are likely to provide alternative therapeutic options.
The cost‐effectiveness of biomarkers for predicting the development of oesophageal adenocarcinoma
Authors: RUBENSTEIN J. H. , VAKIL N. , INADOMI J. M. 
Published: July 2005

SummaryBackground: The recommended surveillance strategy for oesophageal adenocarcinoma may prevent as few as 50% of cancer deaths. Tissue biomarkers have been proposed to identify high‐risk patients.Aim: To determine performance characteristics of an ideal biomarker, or panel of biomarkers, that would make its use more cost‐effective than the current surveillance strategy.Methods: We created a Markov model using data from published literature, and performed a cost‐utility analysis. The population consisted of 50‐year‐old Caucasian men with gastro‐oesophageal reflux, who were monitored until age 80. We examined strategies of observation only, current practice (dysplasia‐guided surveillance), surveillance every 3 months for patients with a positive biomarker (biomarker‐guided surveillance), and oesophagectomy immediately for a positive biomarker (biomarker‐guided oesophagectomy). The primary outcome was the threshold cost and performance characteristics needed for a biomarker to be more cost‐effective than current practice.Results: Regardless of the cost, the biomarker needs to be at least 95% specific for biomarker‐guided oesophagectomy to be cost‐effective. For biomarker‐guided surveillance to be cost‐effective, a $100 biomarker could be 80% sensitive and specific.Conclusions: Biomarkers predicting the development of oesophageal adenocarcinoma would need to be fairly accurate and inexpensive to be cost‐effective. These results should guide the development of biomarkers for oesophageal adenocarcinoma.
Bone properties and muscle strength of young haemophilia patients
Authors: Falk B. , Portal S. , Tiktinsky R. , Zigel L. , Weinstein Y. , Constantini N. , Kenet G. , Eliakim A. , Martinowitz U. 
Published: July 2005

Summary.  Purpose:  To evaluate bone properties, muscle strength and the relationship between the two, in young (7.0–17.7 years) haemophilia patients (h) and healthy boys (c).Subjects:  Twenty‐seven boys with severe haemophilia and 33 healthy boys, of similar age, body mass, height, (mean ± sd for h and c, respectively: 11.2 ± 3.2 vs. 11.4 ± 2.9 years, 42.6 ± 16.6 vs. 41.6 ± 17.3 kg, 145 ± 18 vs. 146 ± 17 cm) and pubertal stage according to secondary sex characteristics, volunteered for the study. all subjects were physically inactive (as determined by questionnaire).Methods:  Subjects performed isokinetic elbow and knee extension and flexion tests at two angular velocities (biodex system ii dynamometer). Bone properties were evaluated by qualitative ultrasound (sunlight omnisenseTM), at the distal radius and tibial mid‐shaft. H subjects received prophylactic factor viii treatment within the 24 h preceding testing. No test was performed in the presence of haemorrhage.Results:  Muscle strength was consistently higher in c compared with h, especially in the lower limbs (e.g. knee extension: 1.80 ± 0.44 vs 1.48 ± 0.53 N·m·kg−1 body mass, respectively, p = 0.01). No differences were observed in tibial or radial speed of sound between groups. Correlations between muscle strength and bone properties were observed only in the lower limbs and only in c (r = 0.37–0.48).Conclusion:  Muscle strength, especially lower limbs’ strength, was lower in haemophilia patients compared with a matched, similarly inactive population of healthy boys. Nevertheless, at this age range, this relative weakness is not associated with inferior bone properties.
Survivin is a negative prognostic marker in medulloblastoma
Authors: Pizem J. , Cör A. , Zadravec‐Zaletel L. , Popovic M. 
Published: July 2005

Survivin is a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein family, which is over‐expressed in many human cancers. Our aim was to analyse survivin expression in medulloblastoma, its association with aberrant activation of the WNT (wingless) pathway and to test the prognostic significance of survivin expression.We immuno histochemically analysed survivin expression and localization of β‐catenin, a downstream mediator of the WNT pathway, in 56 cases of medulloblastoma.Survivin was detected in the nuclei of tumour cells in all cases, but the proportion of positive nuclei varied from 0.5 to 31.3%. Survivin expression tended to be higher in medulloblastomas with an aberrant activation of the WNT pathway (nuclear localization of β‐catenin), but did not correlate with histological type, age group or dissemination via cerebrospinal fluid pathways. Survivin expression and dissemination status were two independent negative prognostic variables for the overall survival of patients with medulloblastoma.In conclusion, survivin is up‐regulated in medulloblastomas. It is a negative prognostic marker and a potential therapeutic target.
Signalling and cell death in ozone‐exposed plants
Authors: KANGASJÄRVI JAAKKO , JASPERS PINJA , KOLLIST HANNES 
Published: July 2005

ABSTRACTExperiments with Arabidopsis mutants and sensitive and tolerant pairs in several other species have elucidated the molecular basis of plant ozone sensitivity and ozone lesion development. They have indicated an important role for hormonal signalling in determining the outcome of ozone challenge at the cellular level. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) from ozone degradation can cause either direct necrotic damage or induce the process of programmed cell death. Perception of ozone or ROS from its degradation in the apoplast activates several signal transduction pathways that regulate the responses of the cells to the increased oxidative load. Plant hormones salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, ethylene and abscisic acid are involved in determining the duration and extent of ozone‐induced cell death and its propagation. Salicylic acid is required for the programmed cell death, ethylene promotes endogenous ROS formation and lesion propagation, and jasmonic acid is involved in limiting the lesion spreading. Abscisic acid is most likely involved through the regulation of stomata and thus is expected to affect lesion initiation. The roles and interactions of perception of ozone, the immediate downstream responses, hormone biosynthesis and signalling during ozone lesion initiation and formation are reviewed.
Oxidative stress and ozone: perception, signalling and response
Authors: BAIER MARGARETE , KANDLBINDER ANDREA , GOLLDACK DORTJE , DIETZ KARL‐JOSEF 
Published: July 2005

ABSTRACTThe primary site of ozone interaction with plant cells is the extracellular matrix where ozone challenges the antioxidant protection of the cells. Accordingly, ozone sensitivity generally correlates with the ascorbate status of the apoplast, which is an important signal initiation point. In addition, ozone sensing takes place by covalent modification of redox‐sensitive components of the plasma membrane, for example ion channels like the plasma membrane Ca2+‐channels. Subsequent intracellular signal transduction is an intriguing network of hormone, Ca2+ and MAPK signalling pathways, significantly overlapping with oxidative burst‐induced pathogen signalling. Comparison of recent transcriptome analysis revealed that in addition to genes generally induced by all kinds of oxidative stress, for example, transcripts for PR‐proteins and most antioxidant enzymes, approximately one‐third of the responsive transcripts are ozone specific, indicating jasmonic acid, salicylic acid and ethylene‐independent redox signalling triggered by extracellular redox sensing.
Oxidant and antioxidant signalling in plants: a re‐evaluation of the concept of oxidative stress in a physiological context
Authors: FOYER CHRISTINE H. , NOCTOR GRAHAM 
Published: July 2005

ABSTRACTWhile the chemical nature of reactive oxygen species (ROS) dictates that they are potentially harmful to cells, recent genetic evidence suggests that in planta purely physicochemical damage may be much more limited than previously thought. The most potentially deleterious effect of ROS under most conditions is that at high concentrations they trigger genetically programmed cell suicide events. Moreover, because plants use ROS as second messengers in signal transduction cascades in processes as diverse as mitosis, tropisms and cell death, their accumulation is crucial to plant development as well as defence. Direct ROS signal transduction will ensue only if ROS escape destruction by antioxidants or are otherwise consumed in a ROS cascade. Thus, the major low molecular weight antioxidants determine the specificity of the signal. They are also themselves signal‐transducing molecules that can either signal independently or further transmit ROS signals. The moment has come to re‐evaluate the concept of oxidative stress. In contrast to this pejorative or negative term, implying a state to be avoided, we propose that the syndrome would be more usefully described as ‘oxidative signalling’, that is, an important and critical function associated with the mechanisms by which plant cells sense the environment and make appropriate adjustments to gene expression, metabolism and physiology.
Crop responses to ozone: uptake, modes of action, carbon assimilation and partitioning
Authors: FISCUS EDWIN L. , BOOKER FITZGERALD L. , BURKEY KENT O. 
Published: July 2005

ABSTRACTThe inhibitory effects of tropospheric O3on crop photosynthesis, growth, and yield have been documented in numerous studies over the past 35 years. In large part, the results of this research supported governmental regulations designed to limit tropospheric O3levels to concentrations that affected crop production at economically acceptable levels. Recent studies have brought into question the efficacy of these concentration‐based O3standards compared with flux‐based approaches that incorporate O3uptake along with environmental and biotic factors that influence plant responses. In addition, recent studies provide insight into the biochemical mechanisms of O3injury to plants. Current interpretations suggest that upon entry into the leaf intercellular space O3rapidly reacts with components of the leaf apoplast to initiate a complex set of responses involving the formation of toxic metabolites and generation of plant defence responses that constitute variably effective countermeasures. Plant species and cultivars exhibit a range of sensitivity to O3, evident as heritable characteristics, that must reflect identifiable biochemical and molecular processes that affect sensitivity to O3injury, although their exact makeup remains unclear. Ozone clearly impairs photosynthetic processes, which might include the effects on electron transport and guard cell homeostasis as well as the better‐documented effects on carbon fixation via decreased Rubisco activity. Translocation of photosynthate could be inhibited by O3exposure as well. Further, the influence of tropospheric O3needs to be considered when assessing potential effects of rising concentrations of atmospheric CO2on crop production. Advances in O3flux modelling and improved understanding of biochemical and molecular effects of O3on photosynthetic gas exchange and plant defence processes are leading to more complete, integrated assessments of O3impacts on crop physiology that continue to support the rationale for maintaining or improving current O3air quality standards as well as providing a basis for development of more O3‐tolerant crop lines.
Introduction of picture archiving and communication system at The Townsville Hospital
Authors: Jackson PE , Langlois SLeP 
Published: July 2005

SummaryThe performance of a medical imaging department (MID) can be judged by the timing and availability of an image and its report to the treating physician, as this can impact on the patient's treatment, as well as the length and cost of a patient's hospitalization. The use of digital imaging has dramatically improved report turnaround time. In October 2001, The Townsville Hospital (TTH) was opened as a 460 bed greenfield site and as part of the installation a picture archiving and communication system, including web distribution of images and reports to wards and clinics, was included. This retrospective analysis of the MID at TTH is the first data on departmental productivity and individual workload and how these have changed since the hospital's opening 2 years ago, with some ideas for further improvement.
Complementary role of adjunctive breast magnetic resonance imaging and scintimammography in patients of all ages undergoing breast cancer surgery
Authors: Howarth D , Slater S , Lau P , Booker J , Clark D , Sillar R 
Published: July 2005

SummaryThe aims of this study were to assess breast MRI and scintimammography (SMM) for the detection of breast cancer, and to determine any complementary role of these tests to each other and conventional imaging. Seventy‐two patients (age 35–81 years) with a suspicious breast mass were investigated by mammography, breast ultrasound, breast MRI and SMM before undergoing surgical excision of the breast mass. Sensitivity, specificity and area under receiver operator characteristic curves were calculated for each test. Of the 72 patients, there were 66 proven malignant tumours, including two patients with bilateral breast cancer. When comparing the diagnostic sensitivity of breast MRI and SMM for lesion size, both tests showed higher sensitivities for lesions >25 mm in size, particularly for SMM. When these tests were compared for patient age, patients less than 51 years showed higher sensitivities for both tests. This was statistically significant for breast MRI. The overall respective diagnostic sensitivities for mammography, mammography with breast ultrasound, breast MRI and SMM were 56, 67, 86 and 85%. The differences were significant between mammography, mammography/ultrasound and both breast MRI and SMM. Breast MRI and SMM offer incremental diagnostic advantage in the diagnosis of breast cancer. Although improved diagnostic accuracy is seen in patients of all ages, those patients less than 51 years of age receive the greatest diagnostic benefit.
Adrenal metastases of malignant melanoma: Characteristic computed tomography appearances
Authors: Rajaratnam A , Waugh J 
Published: July 2005

SummaryMalignant melanoma is an extremely aggressive form of cancer. Adrenal metastases are found in 50% of cases of malignant melanoma, and are most often clinically and biochemically silent. Clinical presentation varies, and the diagnosis of adrenal metastases is often made incidentally, and frequently years after treatment of the primary lesion. An adrenal mass lesion seen on a CT scan, greater than 5 cm in diameter, with central or irregular areas of necrosis/haemorrhage (and no lipomatous component) is characteristic of a metastasis from malignant melanoma, in the setting of normal gland function. If these features are bilateral, they are pathognomonic. Oval, low‐attenuation (on CT) adrenal masses less than 3 cm in diameter should not be considered benign in a patient with any prior history of melanoma. Careful imaging review of the adrenal glands should be undertaken in all patients with malignant melanoma. Early diagnosis of these distant metastases has important prognostic and therapeutic implications. The four cases presented illustrate the spectrum of presentations and clinical course of adrenal metastases from malignant melanoma. The accompanying CT images show the characteristic appearances of adrenal metastases.
Ultrasound detection of a subperiosteal abscess secondary to coalescent otomastoiditis
Authors: Grant RL , Piotto L 
Published: July 2005

SummaryWe report the unusual ultrasound appearance of coalescent otomastoiditis with subperiosteal abscess in a 3‐month‐old boy with a 1‐week history of an enlarging lump behind the left ear. Ultrasound examination of the lump revealed subcutaneous oedema with an abscess extending from a defect in the cranial vault as a result of extension of the inflammatory process. We believe that this sonographic appearance has not been previously described in the published literature.
Retroperitoneal plexiform neurofibroma mimicking psoas abscesses
Authors: Kalra N , Vijayanadh O , Lal A , Khandelwal N , Mukherjee KK , Suri S 
Published: July 2005

SummaryRetroperitoneal plexiform neurofibroma is a rare finding in neurofibromatosis type I, or von Recklinghausen's disease. A case of retroperitoneal plexiform neurofibroma mimicking psoas abscesses is reported here with its CT and MRI findings.
Intratesticular varicocele
Authors: Browne RFJ , Geoghegan T , Ahmed I , Torreggiani WC 
Published: July 2005

SummaryExtratesticular varicocele is a common clinical condition, occurring in up to 20% of the normal adult male population. It is characterized by dilatation of the veins of the spermatic cord and has well‐described sonographic appearances. Intratesticular varicocele is characterized by dilated intratesticular veins and is extremely rare. It usually, but not always, occurs in association with an ipsilateral extratesticular varicocele. We describe the sonographic and colour Doppler appearances of this poorly described entity in a middle‐aged man referred for evaluation of a painful left testicular swelling.
Peritoneo–scrotal communication: Demonstration by 99mtechnetium sulphur colloid scintigraphy
Authors: Bhattacharya A , Mittal BR 
Published: July 2005

SummaryContinuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis is a widely used and convenient alternative to haemodialysis in patients with renal failure. Occasionally, a scrotal swelling may develop during this procedure because of fluid passing through a patent processus vaginalis. We present a case report to illustrate the diagnostic use of radionuclide scintigraphy in this group of patients.
Contrast column interruption artefact in computed tomography pulmonary angiography
Authors: Tay KL , Ridley LJ 
Published: July 2005

SummaryInterruption of the contrast column during inspiration can lead to non‐diagnostic CT pulmonary angiograms. The importance of this artefact will increase with more CT studies being performed for pulmonary embolism on multidetector row CT. We describe here an instance of such an artefact and discuss its aetiology.
Endovascular management of pseudoaneurysms of the splenic artery: experience with six patients
Authors: Venkatesh SK , Kumar S , Baijal SS , Phadke RV , Kathuria MK , Gujral RB 
Published: July 2005

SummaryThe purpose of this paper was to describe our experience with the endovascular management of splenic artery pseudoaneurysms (SAPA). Seven patients with documented SAPA on CT and/or angiography were considered for endovascular treatment. The pseudoaneurysms were located in the main splenic artery (n = 4) or its branches (n = 3). In one patient in whom the pseudoaneurysm was located in a hilar branch, selective catheterization of splenic artery failed. Metallic coils (n = 1), gelfoam and hydrogel particles (n = 1), metallic coils and gelfoam (n = 2), metallic coil, gelfoam and acrylic glue (n = 2) were used as embolization material in the remaining six patients. These patients were followed for a mean period of 11.3 months. Transcatheter embolization was successful in five patients with no procedure‐related complications. In one patient, embolization was incomplete and the patient underwent surgery, but died on the 10th postoperative day because of irreversible shock. Another patient, after successful embolization, underwent surgery for management of an associated pseudocyst. Endovascular treatment is a safe and effective method of management of SAPA.