bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of guideline recommendations for treatment of asthma exacerbations in children: a Pediatric Emergency Research Networks (PERN) study
Authors: Craig Simon , Collings Madeline , Gray Charmaine , Benito Javier , Velasco Roberto , Lyttle Mark D , Roland Damian , Schuh Suzanne , Shihabuddin Bashar , Kwok Maria , Mahajan Prashant , Johnson Mike , Zorc Joseph , Khanna Kajal , Fernandes Ricardo , Yock-Corrales Adriana , Santhanam Indumathy , Cheema Baljit , Ong Gene Yong-Kwang , Jaiganesh Thiagarajan , Powell Colin , Nixon Gillian , Dalziel Stuart , Babl Franz E , Graudins Andis 
Published: February 2024

Rationale
There is significant practice variation in acute paediatric asthma, particularly severe exacerbations. It is unknown whether this is due to differences in clinical guidelines.

Objectives
To describe and compare the content and quality of clinical guidelines for the management of acute exacerbations of asthma in children between geographic regions.

Methods
Observational study of guidelines for the management of acute paediatric asthma from institutions across a global collaboration of six regional paediatric emergency research networks.

Measurements and main results
158 guidelines were identified. Half provided recommendations for at least two age groups, and most guidelines provided treatment recommendations according to asthma severity.
There were consistent recommendations for the use of inhaled short-acting beta-agonists and systemic corticosteroids. Inhaled anticholinergic therapy was recommended in most guidelines for severe and critical asthma, but there were inconsistent recommendations for its use in mild and moderate exacerbations. Other inhaled therapies such as helium-oxygen mixture (Heliox) and nebulised magnesium were inconsistently recommended for severe and critical illness.
Parenteral bronchodilator therapy and epinephrine were mostly reserved for severe and critical asthma, with intravenous magnesium most recommended. There were regional differences in the use of other parenteral bronchodilators, particularly aminophylline.
Guideline quality assessment identified high ratings for clarity of presentation, scope and purpose, but low ratings for stakeholder involvement, rigour of development, applicability and editorial independence.

Conclusions
Current guidelines for the management of acute paediatric asthma exacerbations have substantial deficits in important quality domains and provide limited and inconsistent guidance for severe exacerbations.
Risk factors for development of hyper-reflective foci overlying drusen in eyes with intermediate age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Mahmoudi Alireza , Manafi Navid , Corradetti Giulia , Gupta Nittala Muneeswar , Emamverdi Mehdi , Trejo Corona Stephanie , Wykoff Charles C , Sarraf David , Sadda SriniVas R 
Published: February 2024

AimsThe aim of this study is to assess baseline characteristics of drusen preceding the development of intraretinal hyper-reflective foci (IHRF) in eyes with intermediate age-related macular degeneration (AMD).MethodsIn this retrospective case-control study, longitudinal optical coherence tomography (OCT) volume data from eyes with intermediate AMD in a retina clinic population were screened. All drusen that developed overlying IHRF were marked. A random number generator was used to select for further grading three drusen that did not develop IHRF.ResultsNinety eyes (from 72 patients), including 140 drusen with overlying IHRF and 270 IHRF− drusen, were analysed. Greater drusen height, basal drusen width and overlying ellipsoid zone (EZ) and external limiting membrane disruption were associated with a significantly greater risk for IHRF development (p≤0.001). Regression analysis revealed EZ disruption increased these odds by 4.1 (p≤0.001). Each 10-µm increase in drusen height and width increased the odds by 34% (p≤0.001) and 3% (p: 0.005), respectively. Each 100-µm increase in distance from the fovea decreased the odds by 10% (p: 0.013).ConclusionsThe presence of overlying EZ disruption and a greater drusen height substantially increased the risk for IHRF development, whereas drusen further from the fovea indicated reduced risk. Given the importance of IHRF as a biomarker for AMD progression, these findings may be of value in defining patient populations for future early intervention trials.
Geographical differences in the financial impacts of different forms of tobacco licence fees on small retailers in Scotland
Authors: Valiente Roberto , Tunstall Helena , Kong Amanda Y , Wilson Luke B , Gillespie Duncan , Angus Colin , Brennan Alan , Shortt Niamh K , Pearce Jamie 
Published: February 2024

ObjectiveRetailer licencing fees are a promising avenue to regulate tobacco availability. However, they face strong opposition from retailers and the tobacco industry, who argue significant financial impacts. This study compares the impacts of different forms of tobacco licence schemes on retailers’ profits in Scotland.MethodsWe calculated gross profits from tobacco sales in 179 convenience stores across Scotland using 1 099 697 electronic point-of-sale records from 16 weeks between 2019 and 2022. We estimated different fees using universal, volumetric and separate urban/rural schemes. We identified the point at which 50% of retailers would no longer make a gross profit on tobacco sales for each scheme and modelled the financial impact of 10 incremental fee levels. The financial impact was assessed based on changes in retailers’ tobacco gross profits. Differences by neighbourhood deprivation and urban/rural status were examined.ResultsThe gross profit from tobacco per convenience store averaged £15 859/year. Profits were 2.29 times higher in urban (vs rural) areas and 1.59 times higher in high-deprivation (vs low-deprivation) areas, attributable to higher sales volumes. Tobacco gross profit decreased proportionally with increasing fee levels. Universal and urban/rural fees had greater gross profit reductions in rural and/or less deprived areas, where profits were lower, compared with volumetric fees.ConclusionThe introduction of tobacco licence fees offers a potential opportunity for reducing the availability of tobacco retailers. The likely impact of a tobacco licence fee is sensitive to the type of licence scheme implemented, the level at which fees are set and the retailers’ location in relation to neighbourhood deprivation and rurality.
Personalized Antihypertensive Treatment Optimization With Smartphone‐Enabled Remote Precision Dosing of Amlodipine During the COVID‐19 Pandemic (PERSONAL‐CovidBP Trial)
Authors: Collier David J. , Taylor Mike , Godec Thomas , Shiel Julian , James Rebecca , Chowdury Yasmin , Ebano Patrizia , Monk Vivienne , Patel Mital , Pheby Jane , Pheby Ruby , Foubister Amanda , David Clovel , Saxena Manish , Richardson Leanne , Siddle James , Timlin Gregor , Goldsmith Paul , Deeming Nicholas , Poulter Neil R. , Gabe Rhian , McManus Richard J. , Caulfield Mark J. 
Published: February 2024

Background
The objective of the PERSONAL‐CovidBP (Personalised Electronic Record Supported Optimisation When Alone for Patients With Hypertension: Pilot Study for Remote Medical Management of Hypertension During the COVID‐19 Pandemic) trial was to assess the efficacy and safety of smartphone‐enabled remote precision dosing of amlodipine to control blood pressure (BP) in participants with primary hypertension during the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Methods and Results

This was an open‐label, remote, dose titration trial using daily home self‐monitoring of BP, drug dose, and side effects with linked smartphone app and telemonitoring. Participants aged ≥18 years with uncontrolled hypertension (5–7 day baseline mean ≥135 mm Hg systolic BP or ≥85 mm Hg diastolic BP) received personalized amlodipine dose titration using novel (1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9 mg) and standard (5 and 10 mg) doses daily over 14 weeks. The primary outcome of the trial was mean change in systolic BP from baseline to end of treatment. A total of 205 participants were enrolled and mean BP fell from 142/87 (systolic BP/diastolic BP) to 131/81 mm Hg (a reduction of 11 (95% CI, 10–12)/7 (95% CI, 6–7) mm Hg,
P
<0.001). The majority of participants achieved BP control on novel doses (84%); of those participants, 35% were controlled by 1 mg daily. The majority (88%) controlled on novel doses had no peripheral edema. Adherence to BP recording and reported adherence to medication was 84% and 94%, respectively. Patient retention was 96% (196/205). Treatment was well tolerated with no withdrawals from adverse events.

Conclusions
Personalized dose titration with amlodipine was safe, well tolerated, and efficacious in treating primary hypertension. The majority of participants achieved BP control on novel doses, and with personalization of dose there were no trial discontinuations due to drug intolerance. App‐assisted remote clinician dose titration may better balance BP control and adverse effects and help optimize long‐term care.

Registration

URL:
clinicaltrials.gov
. Identifier: NCT04559074.
Impact of Land Surface Snow Processes on the Arctic Stable Boundary Layer
Authors: Hong Xiaodong , Jiang Qingfang 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The impact of land surface snow processes on the Arctic stable boundary layer (ASBL) is investigated using the Navy’s Coupled Ocean/Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS) to reduce the cold bias caused by decoupling between the land surface and atmosphere. The Noah land surface model (LSM) with improved snow processes is examined using COAMPS forecast forcing in the one-dimensional mode for one month. The new snow physics shows that the snow properties, roughness length, and sensible heat flux are modified as expected to compensate for the old LSM deficiency. These new snow processes are incorporated into the COAMPS Noah LSM, and the 48-h forecasts using both old and new Noah LSMs are performed for January 2021 with an every-6-h data assimilation update cycle. Standard verifications of the 48-h forecasts have used all available observational datasets and the snow depth from the Land Information System (LIS) analyses. The statistics have shown reduced monthly mean cold biases ∼1°C by the new snow physics. The weaker strength of surface inversion and stronger turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) from the new snow physics provides a higher boundary layer due to significantly stronger eddy mixing. The simulations have also shown the insignificant impact of different lateral boundary conditions obtained from the global forecasts or analyses on the results of the new snow physics. This study highlights the importance of the revised snow physics in Noah LSM for reducing the decoupling problem, improving the forecasts, and studying ASBL physics over the Arctic region.
Unplanned Return to Hospital After Same Day Oral Cavity Resection: A Dual Institution Study
Authors: Meers Aaron J. , Warren James D. , Dmowska Julia , Kane Anne C. , Tassone Patrick 
Published: February 2024

Objectives: Primary objective: describe rates of 30-days unplanned readmission following outpatient resection of oral cavity cancer. Secondary objective: evaluate for patient and treatment factors associated with readmission. Methods: Retrospective, dual-institution cohort study of 2 tertiary care referral centers involving adult patients undergoing resection of oral cavity cancer with plans for same-day discharge. Consecutive sample of 77 patients included. Primary outcome was unplanned readmission to emergency room or inpatient stay in the 30 days following surgery. Comparison testing was used between return and non-return groups. Results: Among 77 patients treated with outpatient surgery for oral cavity cancer, 19 (25%) returned to the hospital within 30 days. Among the reasons for return, 16 (80%) were directly related to surgery, and 4 (20%) were related to perioperative medical complications not directly related to a surgical site. Among the 25 patients also undergoing sentinel lymph node biopsy with their oral cavity resection, none returned to the hospital for neck-related complications. While most patients could be safely observed and discharged after return to the hospital, 8 patients (10%) required inpatient readmission. No significant differences between return and non-return groups were identified, although there was a trend toward shorter driving distance from hospital for the return group (47.6 miles vs. 69.5 miles, P = 0.097). Conclusion: Unplanned return to the hospital following outpatient oral cavity resection is prevalent and primarily driven by postoperative primary resection site concerns. Among patients selected for same day discharge, no definite population at highest risk of unplanned return was identified.
Predicting the malignancy of extremity soft-tissue tumors by an ultrasound-based radiomics signature
Authors: Li Ao , Hu Yu , Cui Xin-Wu , Ye Xin-Hua , Peng Xiao-Jing , Lv Wen-Zhi , Zhao Chong-Ke 
Published: February 2024

Background Accurate differentiation of extremity soft-tissue tumors (ESTTs) is important for treatment planning. Purpose To develop and validate an ultrasound (US) image-based radiomics signature to predict ESTTs malignancy. Material and Methods A dataset of US images from 108 ESTTs were retrospectively enrolled and divided into the training cohort (78 ESTTs) and validation cohort (30 ESTTs). A total of 1037 radiomics features were extracted from each US image. The most useful predictive radiomics features were selected by the maximum relevance and minimum redundancy method, least absolute shrinkage, and selection operator algorithm in the training cohort. A US-based radiomics signature was built based on these selected radiomics features. In addition, a conventional radiologic model based on the US features from the interpretation of two experienced radiologists was developed by a multivariate logistic regression algorithm. The diagnostic performances of the selected radiomics features, the US-based radiomics signature, and the conventional radiologic model for differentiating ESTTs were evaluated and compared in the validation cohort. Results In the validation cohort, the area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity of the US-based radiomics signature for predicting ESTTs malignancy were 0.866, 84.2%, and 81.8%, respectively. The US-based radiomics signature had better diagnostic predictability for predicting ESTT malignancy than the best single radiomics feature and the conventional radiologic model (AUC = 0.866 vs. 0.719 vs. 0.681 for the validation cohort, all P <0.05). Conclusion The US-based radiomics signature could provide a potential imaging biomarker to accurately predict ESTT malignancy.
Proceed with care and intention: Factors to consider when introducing a doctoral-level route to occupational therapy registration in the UK
Authors: Watson Jo , Tempest Stephanie , Hay Carolyn 
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Several United Kingdom Higher Education Institutions are seeking accreditation of new, doctoral entry routes to occupational therapy. This research explored stakeholder perspectives regarding the implications of introducing this additional pre-registration pathway. Method: A mixed-method design gathered data via four virtual events ( n = 42). Descriptive statistics summarise the levels of agreement with prepared belief statements. Qualitative data from online functions were subject to reflexive thematic analysis. Findings: Participants agreed that introducing pre-registration doctorates was beneficial (68%) and an exciting opportunity with the potential to expedite evidence-base expansion (68%). Recognising the challenges, eight emergent themes coalesced into a statement guiding future work: ‘It will take an ongoing commitment from all of us to influence, shape and take positive actions to make structural changes to enhance equity and justice into and within the profession encompassing the themes of value, visibility, viability, expectations, perceptions, equity and diversity, accessibility and clarity of vision. Continued dialogue and communication, with compassionate listening, is required for this’. Conclusion: An additional pre-registration doctoral route into United Kingdom occupational therapy is broadly welcomed, acknowledging the need for ongoing dialogue. The emergent themes provide a framework for proceeding with care and intention as discussions move towards implementation and may assist other nations having similar debates.
Dialogue in the Median Group: Inter-subjectivity that helps to reclaim the fused, confused, obsessed Mind. Part I: Theory
Authors: Schöllberger Roberto 
Published: February 2024

After a short review of the development of the concept of inter-subjectivity in psychoanalysis, drive theory, infant research and phenomenology, I discuss the primary function of dialogue as it expresses the functioning of the ‘Mind’ itself while it works towards disentangling dualities amongst pluralities. The human mind is defined and its existence firmly asserted. Finally, I suggest introducing dialogic communication in every encounter, especially in a therapeutic one, with some guidelines from the psychotherapy of psychosis. I describe the Median Group as Patrick de Maré (1990) developed in its clinical application as socio-therapy. It is a suitable setting where inter-subjectivity is fostered through dialogue by meeting minds at a level that promotes lateralization (both brain hemispheres simultaneously) in the here and now. I explain that using the mind to synthesize dualities makes it possible to transform the counter-reaction of the hatred of being together into koinonia or non-personal fellowship. Reference is made to the Theory of Mind in Part I (de Maré and Schöllberger 2002–08) and clinical experiences in Part II (Schöllberger, 2023).
Refractory lupus hepatitis successfully treated with telitacicept who failed to belimumab: A case report and literature review
Authors: Fan Qiuyu , Ji Hongyan , Liu Ya , Jia Chao , Zou Liang , Yang Huiqin 
Published: February 2024

Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)–associated hepatitis (“lupus hepatitis”) was one of the most frequent causes of liver function abnormalities in patients with SLE. Lupus hepatitis (LH) is commonly treated with conventional treatment, including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, corticosteroids, and immunomodulators. However, in refractory cases, other treatment options may be required. Methodology: We report the case of a patient with lupus hepatitis refractory to both conventional therapy and belimumab who was successfully treated with telitacicept, a new dual B lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS)/APRIL (a proliferation-inducing ligand) inhibitor.Literature review was performed on PubMed search forum. Result: The specific search term was “telitacicept”, 23 papers were searched, among them 10 case reports/series articles reporting telitacicept treatment were elected.Apart from our literature reporting the effectiveness of telitacicept in treating LH, there is no report on it in treating LH. Conclusion: This case suggests that telitacicept should be an effective and safe treatment for LH refractory, even to those who failed to belimumab based on the standard treatment, and can reduce the dosage of glucocorticoids.However, further investigations, particularly prospective randomized controlled trials, are warranted to verify our findings and ensure patient safety.
Taraxacum officinale Extracts Alleviate Anhedonia and Depression by Inhibiting UPRmt and Mitophagy in the Hippocampi of T2DM Rats
Authors: Wang Meng , Gao Zhen’an , Ma Leilei , Wang Xiuping , Li Zhaojia , Li Ji’an 
Published: February 2024

Objectives The objective of this study was to determine the effects of Taraxacum officinale extracts on mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) and mitophagy in the hippocampi of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rats. Materials and Methods The T2DM model was established by a high-fat high-sucrose diet (HFSD) for 6 weeks and streptozotocin (STZ) administration. The rats were randomly divided into control, model, metformin (100 mg/kg/day), and T. officinale extracts (1,500 mg/kg/day) treatment groups. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels, 2-h postprandial plasma glucose (2hPPG) levels, and sucrose preference rates (SPR) were ascertained. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to quantify the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malonaldehyde (MDA) in the serum. Finally, the expression levels of UPRmt and mitophagy-related proteins were determined via Western blot analysis. Results Rats in the model group exhibited significantly higher levels of FPG and 2hPPG but lower SPR than those in the control group. Rats in the Taraxacum group had lower FPG and 2hPPG levels and higher SPR than those of the model group. Moreover, clpP, HSP60, PINK-1, Parkin, P62, Beclin-1, and LC3-II/I proteins were significantly upregulated in the rats of the model group, relative to the control group. UPRmt and mitophagy-related proteins were markedly downregulated in rats of the Taraxacum group, relative to the model group. Conclusion T2DM rats exhibited certain levels of anhedonia and depression, which were effectively alleviated by T. officinale extracts through the downregulation of UPRmt and mitophagy, and also by conferring protection to mitochondrial function.
Chronic Fluoxetine Treatment Reverses Depressive-like Behaviors in Mice via Enhancing Neuroplasticity
Authors: Qian Xu , Zhang Yao , Tan Hui-Jun 
Published: February 2024

Objectives Depression remains a refractory psychiatric disorder. Fluoxetine is a preferred class of antidepressant medication due to restrain retaking of biogenic monoamines. There was a new mechanism discovery that neuroplasticity was considered to underlie clinical antidepressant effects. However, reports display that fluoxetine’s actions on neuroplasticity still remain controversial. This study investigates fluoxetine’s role in the impact of synaptic function and morphology by different durations of fluoxetine treatment and the possible mechanisms involved. Materials and Methods The chronic depression mice model was established by using the 7-week-old male C57BL/6 mice. Fluoxetine 10 mg/kg was treated for 7 days and 14 days. The depression-like behaviors were assessed using the tail-suspension test, forced swim test, sucrose preference, and open-field tests. Nissl staining was applied to assess hippocampus formation. Immunofluorescence and Golgi staining were used to investigate synaptic function and morphology. The hippocampal protein expression of SYP was examined using Western blotting. Results We found that fluoxetine treatment for 2 weeks, as opposed to just 1 week, significantly alleviated symptoms of behavioral despair, anhedonia, and anxiety in the depressive mice. Furthermore, both 7- and 14-day fluoxetine administrations resulted in reduced impairment of hippocampal neurons and a tendency to increase the dendritic spine numbers in the context of depression. Additionally, only the 14-day fluoxetine treatment promoted the expression of SYP in the hippocampus. Conclusion Chronic administration of fluoxetine significantly reduced depressive and anxiety-like behaviors and hippocampal impairment and enhanced synaptic plasticity in mice.