bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aspects of the Integration of the Taxonomy of Lichenized and Non-Lichenized Pyrenocarpous Ascomycetes
Authors: Aptroot André 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe integration of the taxonomy of lichenized and non-lichenized pyrenocarpous ascomycetes is still in progress. Within this group, at least 12 lichenization events, three re-lichenizations and at least 24 de-lichenization events, are supposed to have occurred during evolution. This is evident from the increasing amount of information regarding phylogeny and classification of pyrenocarpous fungi. The total number of lichenization events, including re- and de-lichenization, within all fungi is estimated to be at least 100. However, the vast majority of the pyrenocarpous lichens are concentrated in a few relatively large, presumably monophyletic, groups. In some cases, proposed integrations have proven to be untenable, for example Microtheliopsis and with the Herpotrichiellaceae, Flavobathelium with the Dimeriaceae and most notably the Normandina thallus with the basidiomycetes and its ascocarps with Sphaendina in the Mycosphaerellaceae. The same true for many cases where lichenized taxa were unwittingly included in otherwise non-lichenized groups, such as Didymosphaeria and Massarina, or even described new, presumably non-lichenized, genera like Holstiella, Starbaeckiella and Titanella.
Aspicilia Crespiana, a new Lichen Species from Southern Europe
Authors: Rico Victor J. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractAspicilia crespiana Rico is described as a new species from central Spain and Sardinia (Italy). In central Spain it is common and has a well-defined ecology. It is found at middle to high altitudes (from 400 to 1900 m), overgrowing mosses on exposed and horizontal to more or less vertical siliceous rocks. Closely related to the A. contorta (Hoffm.) Kremp. complex, A. crespiana differs in its muscicolous habit and thallus development, consisting of a network of lichenized squamules interlinked by fungal rhizomorphs.
Porina Otagensis (Trichotheliaceae), A New Semi-Aquatic Lichen from Southern New Zealand
Authors: McCarthy P. M. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractPorina otagensis P. M. McCarthy (Trichotheliaceae) is described from semi-aquatic rocks near Dunedin in the South Island of New Zealand. It has perithecia with a thin, applanate to convex, spreading involucrellum, rather short but broad, 7-septate ascospores that lack a gelatinous sheath, and comparatively broad conidia.
Santessoniella Rugosa (pannariaceae), A New Species from Tasmania
Authors: Henssen Aino , Kantvilas Gintaras 
Published: September 2002

AbstractSantessoniella rugosa Henssen & Kantvilas is described from south-west Tasmania. The granulose to subfruticose thallus is strongly gelatinous, composed of terete, wrinkled lobes, and bears numerous small, orange apothecia. The species differs from other members of the genus in details of external and internal thallus morphology.
Notes on Some Corticolous and Lignicolous Buellia Species From the Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Giralt Mireia , Barbero Mercedes , Elix John A. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe morphology, anatomy, chemistry and ecology of some corticolous and lignicolous species of Buellia from the Iberian Peninsula that contain secondary lichen compounds are discussed, including B. chloroleuca, B. disciformis, B. erubescens, B. hyperbolica and B. leptoclinoides. These species are compared with other corticolous Buellia species that occur outside the study area, including B. arnoldii, B. insignis, B. regularis and B. sanguinolenta. The misunderstood B. zahlbruckneri J. Steiner and B. jorgei, are synonyms of B. erubescens, and the invalid taxon B. zahlbruckneri sensu Schauer non Steiner and B. poeltii, are synonyms of B. chloroleuca. New chemical data on several taxa are reported. A key to the pecies and illustrations of their ascospores are provided.
Fossil Parmelia in new World Amber
Authors: Poinar G. O. , Peterson E. B. , Platt J. L. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractTwo new fossil species (Parmelia ambra Poinar, E.B. Peterson & Platt and P. isidiiveteris Poinar, E.B. Peterson & Platt) are described from Dominican amber. The potential evolutionary value of lichens preserved in amber is discussed.
The Lichen Vegetation of Lake Margins in Britain
Authors: Gilbert Oliver , Giavarini Vince 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe lichen flora of 40 lakes in England, Scotland and Wales is described and related to ecological variables. A zonation scheme consisting of four overlapping bands of lichen vegetation related to height above water level has been adopted. Due to the lack of scour, and the influence of wave action, they do not correspond exactly to the zones identified beside streams, so have been named ‘splash zones’. About a hundred species are involved, a number being rarely recorded aquatic specialists. The flora of all zones is strongly influenced by the alkalinity and pH of the water which have provided a framework for arranging the communities. Lichens are reliable indicators of the sequence: acid, very soft, soft and medium hard water bodies. An investigation into the effect of man-induced eutrophication was undertaken. Other factors of ecological importance are shade and humidity. The conservation of the lake habitat is discussed and a comparison made between streamside and lakeside communities.
Edge Effects on the Epiphytic Lichen Flora of Picea Abies in Middle Boreal Finland
Authors: Kivistö Laura , Kuusinen Mikko 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe edge effect of large clear-cuts on the epiphytic lichen flora of Picea abies in old-growth forest fragments was studied at three south-exposed and four north-exposed forest clear-cut edges in middle boreal Finland. The sampling of the species cover on trunk bases was carried out along four transects parallel to the forest margin: (1) at the forest margin, (2) 10 m from the margin, (3) 20 m from the margin and (4) 50 m from the margin. In addition, control trees were sampled > 100 m from nearest edge. Our results showed that the epiphytic lichen species diversity was lower at the forest margin than in the forest interior for sunny south-facing edges, while the species diversity in north-exposed edges was independent of the distance from the forest margin. The cover of a common and abundant lichen species, Parmeliopsis ambigua, was slightly higher at the forest edge and decreased inside the forest for both south-exposed and north-exposed edges.
The Minimal Area of a Foliicolous Lichen Community of Woessia Vasakii
Authors: Bricaud Olivier , Roux Claude 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe minimal area of a foliicolous lichen community of Woessia vasakii in southern France (West Languedoc, Department of Gard) was studied by the method of the mean similarity coefficients of Sørensen and of Kulcinsky. The determination of the qualitative and quantitative minimal areas, which are c. 30–50 cm2 and 50–80 cm2, respectively, allows the phytosociological study of the foliicolous communities of southern France by the method of integral sampling.
Phylogenetic Reconstruction of Character Development in Physciaceae
Authors: Nordin A. , Mattsson J.-E. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractA cladistic analysis of the Physciaceae, based on morphological and chemical data, is presented. In the resulting phylogenetic reconstruction two major clades are formed, one containing the foliose genera (Anaptychia, Dirinana, Heterodermia, Hyperphyscia, Physcia, Phaeophyscia, Physconia, Pyxine) and the fruticose Tornabea and the other containing the remaining, mainly crustose genera. Rinodina appears as paraphyletic with representatives both at the base of the tree, at the same level as the two major clades and at the base of the crustose clade. Also Mobergia has a basal position. The characters used and their distribution in the phylogenetic trees are discussed as well as their significance for the identification of monophyletic groups. The history of the family is also briefly hinted at and characters of importance for the recognition of new genera are surveyed. Relevant publications and the variation in secondary chemistry are presented in tables.
The Role of Lichens in Inhibiting Erosion of a Soluble Rock
Authors: Mottershead Derek , Lucas Gerald 
Published: September 2002

AbstractSoluble rocks undergo erosion by solution when rain falls on an unprotected rock surface. Lichens may act to protect the surface from such erosion, and the protected area may subsequently emerge from the surrounding lowering surface to form an area of higher relief. Specimens of Aspicilia calcarea and Diploschistes diacapsis act in this way on a gypsum surface, creating conical or rounded mounds up to 15 mm in height. In the case of Aspicilia, the lichen centre decays, re-exposing to surface solution the central area, which then corrodes to create a cratered gypsum cone. The gradient of the cone side-slopes is a function of the relative rates of lichen radial growth and rock surface lowering.
Molecular Data Suggest that the Lichen Genus Pertusaria is not Monophyletic
Authors: Thorsten Lumbsch H. , Schmitt Imke 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe phylogeny of the genus Pertusaria and allied taxa was investigated using nucleotide sequences of the LSU rRNA gene. Sequences from these regions of 15 pertusarialean fungi were aligned to those of three representatives of Agyriales used as outgroup. The alignment was analysed cladistically using maximum parsimony. The Pertusariaceae appear paraphyletic bearing the monophyletic Coccotremataceae on a clade including Ochrolechia and Pertusaria subg. Monomuratae, but monophyly of the family cannot be rejected. The genus Pertusaria is polyphyletic, with the subgenus Monomuratae more closely related to the Coccotremataceae and Ochrolechia than to taxa of the subgenera Pertusaria and Pionospora. Monophyly of the genus Pertusaria is rejected. The monophyly of the subgenera Pertusaria and Pionospora is also rejected. The distribution of selected characters in the Pertusariales is investigated and it is shown that apothecial form and spore wall number have changed in parallel within Pertusaria. The Pertusaria-type ascus is plesiomorphic within the Pertusariaceae and thus cannot be used to circumscribe Pertusaria. The presence of chlorinated xanthones is restricted to Pertusaria s. str
A New Xanthone-Containing Micarea from Northwest Europe and the Pacific Northwest of North America
Authors: Coppins B. J. , Tønsberg T. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractMicarea xanthonica sp. nov. is described from the western British Isles, westernmost Norway and the Pacific Northwest of North America. It belongs to the M. prasina group, but differs from related species in possessing xanthones in the thallus.
Molecular data support rejection of the generic concept in the Coccotremataceae (Ascomycota)
Authors: Schmitt Imke , Messuti María Ines , Feige G. Benno , Lumbsch H. Thorsten 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe Coccotremataceae is a small family including two genera: Coccotrema with a crustose, granulate to verrucose thallus and Lepolichen with terete lobes and rhizines. The generic concept based on this morphological difference was re-evaluated using three molecular markers, mt SSU rDNA, nu LSU rDNA, and the nu ITS region. The analysis of the ITS region does not provide sufficient resolution within the Coccotremataceae, while the other two data sets contradict the current generic concept. The mt SSU and nu LSU data sets and the combined analysis of the two data sets all place Lepolichen within Coccotrema. However, an alternative topology with monophyletic Coccotrema cannot be rejected when the ITS data set is included in the combined analyses. This shortcoming of the ITS data set can be overcome by the combined analysis of all three data sets, where monophyletic Coccotrema can be rejected using parametric bootstrapping, as in the mt SSU and nu LSU data sets and combination thereof. It is proposed to reduce Lepolichen into synonymy with Coccotrema. The correct name for the only species previously placed in Lepolichen is Coccotrema coccophontm (Mont.) I. Schmitt, Messuti & Lumbsch.
Cladonia monomorpha, a neglected cup lichen from Europe
Authors: Aptroot A. , Sipman H.J.M. , van Herk C.M. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractCladonia monomorpha is recognized as a distinct species in the Cladonia pyxidata group. It is characterized by thallus lobes with narrowly recurved margins, by the presence of discoid, bullate plates on the podetial surface and by long and sometimes branched proliferations of the scyphus margins supporting the apothecium discs. It is described from the Netherlands, where it occurs in acid inland sand dune areas with the highest terrestrial lichen diversity. It appears to be widespread in Europe on siliceous rock and acid sand.
Caloplaca thuringiaca sp. nov., a species from the Caloplaca holocarpa complex
Authors: Søchting Ulrik , Stordeur Regine 
Published: September 2002

AbstractCaloplaca thuringiaca Søchting & Stordeur is described from detritus on dry south-exposed slopes in Thuringia, central Germany. The species belongs to the Caloplaca holocarpa complex, but is different from the other terricolous taxa described in the complex, which all have alpine or polar distributions.
Use of 14C/C Ratios to Provide Insights into the Magnitude of Carbon Turnover in the Crustose Saxicolous Lichen Caloplaca Trachyphylla
Authors: Bench G. , Clark B. M. , Mangelson N. F. , Clair L. L. St. , Rees L. B. , Grant P. G. , Southon J. R. 
Published: September 2002

Abstract14C/C ratios in samples from radial transects across individual thalli of Caloplaca trachyphylla collected at two sites were measured and the results used to investigate whether 14C/C data might provide some insight into the magnitude of carbon turnover in this lichen species. The 14C/C data suggest that significant internal recycling/translocation of carbon is unlikely in the sampled thalli. However, converting the 14C/C data for the larger intact thalli sampled at each site to calendar years, using the atmospheric ⊃14C record, does not yield constant or even monotonically varying growth rates. Since crustose lichen growth rates are constant or decrease with thallus size, and since the 14C/C data from these larger thalli show a relatively small spread in 14C/C data values compared to the Northern Hemisphere atmospheric ⊃14C record over the past 50 years, the 14C/C data suggest that carbon turnover may be occurring. Carbon turnover was modelled starting with the atmospheric ⊃14C record. Turnover was incorporated so that for each year in the record a constant percentage of the total carbon was lost annually and replaced by new photosynthetically fixed carbon with a 14C/C ratio equal to that of the contemporary atmosphere. The 14C/C data from the radial samples were then converted to a calendar year using the model record. Constant annual carbon turnover values of 0, 0·5, 1, 1·5, 2, 2·5, 3, 3·5, 4, 4·5, 5, 5·5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 50% were modelled. Carbon turnover values between 3 and 6% created ⊃14C model records that when applied to 14C/C data from the thalli produced constant radial growth rates that were: (1) identical for all lichens at a given site, and (2) independent of lichen size at a given site. The 14C/C data further indicate that annual carbon turnover in this species of lichen is <10%, independent of the nature of thallus radial growth. The data and modelling suggest that carbon turnover might provide a simple explanation for the 14C/C data from the thalli and might explain the discrepancies between the standard atmospheric ⊃14C record and the 14C/C ratios observed in C. trachyphylla.
Surface-Exposure Chronology Using in Situ Cosmogenic 3He in Antarctic Quartz Sandstone Boulders
Authors: Brook Edward J. , Kurz Mark D. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractIn situ-produced cosmogenic helium (3Hec) provides a new tool for constraining histories of Quaternary geomorphic surfaces. Before general application of the technique, however, the systematics and production rates of 3Hec must be well understood. In a companion study, 3He and 10Be data from sandstone and granite boulders in the Dry Valleys region of Antarctica have been used to constrain the ages of an important moraine sequence formed by the Taylor Glacier. Data from these deposits also provide information about the systematics of 3He in quartz that has important implications for geochronology based on 3Hec. In contrast to previous results from olivine and clinopyroxene, crushing quartz in vacuo releases helium with high 3He/4He ratios (up to 148 × Ra, where Ra is the atmospheric 3He/4He ratio), indicating that crushing cannot be used to determine the isotopic composition of trapped (i.e., noncosmogenic) helium in quartz. Analysis of 3He in different size fractions of the same samples indicates significant 3 He loss not predicted by existing 3He diffusion data for quartz. The origin of the discrepancy is not clear, but loss from these samples is not as significant as suggested by the limited data of previous studies.
Are Soil Tongues in Northeastern Indiana Periglacial Relics or Active Fingering Zones?
Authors: Hinkel Kenneth M. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractSoil tongues, or soil fingers, have been identified along the walls of an active gravel pit in northeastern Indiana. Locally enhanced pedogenesis, primarily carbonate leaching and clay illuviation, has resulted in wedge- and cone-shaped extensions of the B horizon into the underlying calcareous glaciofluvial sediments. Although previously described in the literature, the features at this site are considered unusual both for the numerous well-defined tongues and for the regularity of tongue spacing, which gives the illuviation front the appearance of a high-amplitude sinusoidal wave train. Depth to the illuviation front was measured at 0.25-m intervals along a 40-m exposure. Statistical tests indicate that the spatial pattern is nonrandom. The data were transformed using Fourier methods, and the resulting variance spectrum show a peak intensity at wavelengths bracketing 1.5 m. The results of these analyses suggest a surficial or near-surface topographic control. Climatic conditions following local glacier recession favored periglacial activity, and there is some evidence to suggest development of thermal contraction cracks and nonsorted or poorly sorted polygons 1.5 m in diameter. As an alternative hypothesis, laboratory experiments suggest that regularly spaced fingers can develop in homogeneous materials when instability occurs at the wetting front. In this case, soil tongues cannot be used as relict indicators of periglacial activity.
Southern Oscillation Signal in South American Palaeoclimatic Data of the Last 7000 Years
Authors: Martin Louis , Fournier Marc , Mourguiart Philippe , Sifeddine Abdelfatah , Turcq Bruno , Flexor Jean-Marie , Absy Maria Lucia 
Published: September 2002

AbstractDuring strong El Niño events, rainfall anomalies and changes in wind patterns are observed in different regions of South America. Along the central Brazilian coast, during the 1983 El Niño year, the frontal systems were blocked to the south, provoking a reversal of the longshore sand transport. Long-duration reversals of longshore transport were also recorded in Holocene beach-ridge terraces from the Rio Doce coastal plain. This led to the formulation of a model relating these reversals of longshore transport to El Niño-like conditions. El Niño-like conditions are past average climate situations that generate the same perturbations as the strong El Niño events observed during the last decade. They are likely to correspond to the long-duration low phase of the Southern Oscillation. To confirm this hypothesis we compared the Holocene beach-ridge record with other palaeoenvironmental records from regions where strong El Niño events would have a substancial signal as well: (1) water-level fluctuations of Lake Titicaca, (2) a pollen and sediment record in an eastern Amazonian lake, (3) changes of the Rio Xingu discharge in eastern Amazonia, and (4) variations of sand supply at the Rio Piura and Rio Chira outlets in the Sechura Desert. The occurrences of El Niño-like conditions were numerous before 3900-3600 yr B.P., absent between 39003600 and 2800-2500 yr B.P., and infrequent after 2800-2500 yr B.P.
Revised Ages for Laminated Sediment and a Holocene-Marker Diatom from the Northern California Continental Slope
Authors: Hemphill-Haley Eileen , Gardner James V. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractConventional and accelerator mass spectrometry 14C ages indicate that laminated sediment in three cores from the northern California continental slope near 38°N and 39°N were deposited between 42,000 and 25,000 yr B.P. This revises and refines our previous estimates that laminated sediment accumulated during the late Pleistocene to early Holocene (J. V. Gardner and E. Hemphill-Haley, 1986, Geology 14, 691-694). Preservation of laminated sediment on the upper slope in this area suggests a period of intense coastal upwelling, high primary productivity, and resultant depletion of oxygen in bottomwaters preceding the onset of global glacial conditions. The transition from Pleistocene to Holocene conditions, and the establishment of a modern climatic regime driven by the California Current, included the incursion of the subtropical diatom, Pseudoeunotia doliola. P. doliola is common in sediment younger than about 10,000 yr and thus is a reliable marker species for identifying Holocene deposits off northern California.
Fossil Arthropods from a Full-Glacial Site in Northeastern Italy
Authors: Foddai Donatella , Minelli Alessandro 
Published: September 2002

AbstractFossil remains of beetles and oribatid mites from a peat deposit dated 18,870 ± 300 yr B.P. near Verona, northeastern Italy, represent the first insect fauna of its kind from the last glacial maximum to be described from Italy. The assemblage includes the ground beetleAmara alpina,whose distribution today in Europe is restricted to mountains in Scandinavia and Scotland. Ecological requirements and geographic distribution of recent populations of the identified species suggest mesic habitats with standing water and peat bogs during the glacial maximum. The paleoenvironment was comparable to present-day lowland moors in Scandinavia or mesic environments above 1000 m altitude on the southern slopes of the Alps. The climate is inferred to have been colder and wetter than today. Mean July temperature may have been 8-9°C lower than at present.
Middle Pleistocene Climate Change in the Colorado Rocky Mountains Indicated by Fossil Mammals from Porcupine Cave
Authors: Wood David L. , Barnosky Anthony D. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractFossiliferous sediments from The Pit Locality in Porcupine Cave, Park County, Colorado, span multiple glacial and interglacial cycles between ca. 800,000 and 400,000 yr B.P. at 2900 m elevation. The uppermost cycle probably represents oxygenisotope glacial Stage 12 (stratigraphic Levels 4 and 3) and interglacial Stage 11 (Levels 3, 2, and 1) as determined by arvicoline biostratigraphic data that place the sequence between 487,000 and 365,000 yr B.P. A no-analog assemblage comprising the bog lemmingMictomys meltoni(of theM. borealislineage) and the sagebrush voleLemmiscus curtatus(=Lagurus curtatus) characterizes both the glacial and the interglacial deposits. Climatographs for these two species suggest that, compared to present conditions, the following local climatic limits can be imposed on oxygenisotope Stages 12 and 11: (1) January effective moisture was greater, resulting from average temperatures of at least 5°C cooler and/or at least 15 mm more precipitation; (2) January solar radiation was lower by at least 75 Langleys; (3) effective July solar radiation might have been lower by at least 50 Langleys. Seasonal temperature extremes were not necessarily different from those of the present, but seasonal precipitation was more equable. Relative abundance of mammal taxa and sedimentological data indicate that aridity increased at the onset of the interglacial.