bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reaction Mechanism of 2-Propanol Dehydrogenation with a Carbon-Supported Ru–Pt Composite Catalyst in the Liquid Phase
Authors: Ando Yuji , Yamashita Masaru , Saito Yasukazu 
Published: October 2003

Abstract
The liquid-phase dehydrogenation of (CH3)2CHOH, (CH3)2CHOD, and (CH3)2CDOH to yield acetone and molecular hydrogen was performed selectively under boiling and refluxing conditions by heating a suspended solution of a carbon-supported ruthenium and platinum composite catalyst. The Ru–Pt/carbon composite catalyst gave kinetic isotope effects of 1.54 and 1.96 for dehydrogenation at 82.4 °C from (CH3)2CHOD and (CH3)2CDOH, respectively, which were contrasted to the corresponding magnitudes of 1.69 and 1.57 with a Ru/carbon catalyst and those of 1.13 and 1.81 with a Pt/carbon catalyst. The rate constants of dehydrogenation as a function of the H/D ratio in molecular hydrogen suggest that the step to form molecular hydrogen from surface hydrogen species was slow on the Ru catalyst, whereas the step to split the methine C–H bond was rather difficult for the Pt and Ru–Pt catalysts. Reflecting the facile dissociation at the hydroxy group on the catalyst surface, deuterium transfer from the hydroxy to the methyl groups of both acetone and 2-propanol proceeded tremendously for (CH3)2CHOD.
Preparation of Polyion Complex Capsule and Fiber of Chitosan and Gellan-Sulfate at Aqueous Interface
Authors: Yamamoto Hiroyuki , Ohkawa Kousaku , Nakamura Emi , Miyamoto Keiichi , Komai Takashi 
Published: October 2003

Abstract
The electrostatic interaction between polysaccharides has been studied. Different characteristic surface structures, such as true spheres and fibrous forms, are made from gellan-sulfate (GS) and chitosan via polyion complex (PIC) formation. When a chitosan solution is added dropwise into a GS solution, spherical droplets form in the GS solution. The procedure makes true spherical capsules with various diameters, which are stable enough for finger pinching or magnetic stirring in distilled water. The soft droplet capsule is acid resistant, alkali resistant, and stable in boiling water. When an aqueous GS solution is added into an aqueous chitosan solution without mixing, a film of PIC is formed at the interface. When this PIC film is withdrawn from the interface, a fiber line forms in the wet states. After the intact wet fiber is dried in air, a strong fiber forms. The tensile strength of the strongest fiber created is 196 MPa. The swelling degree of the capsules and the strength of the fibers depend on the degree of sulfation of gellan.
Oxaliplatin/Fluorouracil/Leucovorin in Advanced Colorectal Carcinoma: An Asian Experience
Authors: Lim Elaine Hsuen , Lim Robert Seng Cheong , Wu Tuck Seng , Kong Hwai Loong 
Published: October 2003

BACKGROUND: Oxaliplatin/fluorouracil/leucovorin (FOLFOX4) is an effective and generally well-tolerated regimen in Western studies of metastatic colorectal carcinoma. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the objective tumor responses and toxicities of the FOLFOX4 regimen in a predominantly Chinese population with advanced colorectal carcinoma in Singapore. METHODS: Forty-seven consecutive patients were enrolled in a retrospective study between March 1998 and December 2001. FOLFOX4 was first-line treatment in 36% of these patients, second-line in 36%, third-line in 17%, and fourth-line in 11%. Tumor responses were assessed radiologically, and toxicities were graded by the National Cancer Institute common toxicity system. RESULTS: The objective response rate (all partial responses) was 45%, and stable disease was achieved in 35% of the patients. There were no deaths due to toxicity. Mild to moderate peripheral sensory neuropathy affected half of the patients, with 1 report of cold exacerbation in this tropical series. The rate of hypersensitivity reactions to oxaliplatin was 11%, and they usually occurred late in the treatment course. CONCLUSIONS: FOLFOX4 has good efficacy in metastatic colorectal carcinoma in our local population, but the rate of hypersensitivity reactions to oxaliplatin was high.
Adverse Reactions to Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole in AIDS
Authors: Floris-Moore Michelle A , Amodio-Groton Maria I , Catalano Michela T 
Published: October 2003

OBJECTIVE: To report the case of a woman with AIDS who developed tremor, acute pancreatitis, and elevated serum creatinine levels while receiving trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX). CASE SUMMARY: A 37-year-old Puerto Rican woman with AIDS, HIV nephropathy, and a recent history of disseminated histoplasmosis presented with fever, nonproductive cough, pancytopenia, and elevated transaminase and alkaline phosphatase levels. Serum creatinine was near her baseline level of 2.9 mg/dL. Treatment was started with amphotericin B lipid complex for histoplasmosis and intravenous TMP/SMX for presumed Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Two days later, the patient developed a high-frequency tremor and severe abdominal pain, and serum creatinine increased to 5.6 mg/dL. TMP/SMX was discontinued, after which the patient's symptoms resolved within 72 hours and serum creatinine returned to baseline levels. DISCUSSION: A high incidence of adverse reactions to TMP/SMX has been reported among HIV-infected persons. Toxic sulfamethoxazole metabolites may elicit hypersensitivity reactions. Trimethoprim can inhibit renal creatinine secretion, leading to high serum creatinine levels. Trimethoprim also inhibits dihydrofolate reductase, causing decreased dopamine production, which may lead to parkinsonian symptoms. Use of the Naranjo probability scale indicated a probable relationship between the adverse effect and TMP/SMX. CONCLUSIONS: The high frequency and wide range of potential adverse effects associated with the use of TMP/SMX in HIV-infected persons require that clinicians consider drug toxicity as a cause of new symptoms in patients receiving this medication.
Overcoming Recurrent Cutaneous Reactions from Imatinib Using Once-Weekly Dosing
Authors: Tanvetyanon Tawee , Nand Sucha 
Published: October 2003

OBJECTIVE: To describe the use of once-weekly imatinib in a patient who developed recurrent cutaneous reactions associated with imatinib. CASE SUMMARY: A 65-year-old Asian woman received investigational treatment with imatinib 300 mg/d as maintenance therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Exfoliative dermatitis developed after 3 weeks of administration. Attempts to resume imatinib at lower dosages, with or without a low-dose corticosteroid, resulted in recurrent reactions. Once-weekly administration of imatinib, however, produced a tolerable, less severe reaction. After the woman had experienced exfoliative dermatitis for 4 months, the reaction subsided and disappeared. DISCUSSION: Once-weekly administration of imatinib allowed imatinib therapy to continue, and this dosing schedule appeared safe. Patients with severe cutaneous reactions who need to continue imatinib may benefit from this strategy, along with lowering of the dosage and premedication with a corticosteroid. CONCLUSIONS: In a patient with recurrent cutaneous reactions due to imatinib, a once-weekly dosing schedule was safe, well tolerated, and associated with eventual disappearance of the reaction.
Monitoring of 4‐hydroxybutyric acid levels in body fluids during vigabatrin treatment in succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency
Authors: Ergezinger Katrin , Jeschke Reinhard , Frauendienst‐Egger Georg , Korall Herbert , Gibson K. Michael , Schuster Volker H. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractWe report the successful treatment using low‐dose vigabatrin (21.5–34mg/kg/day) of a 10‐year‐old girl with succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH) deficiency We verified that 4‐hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) concentrations in serum, cerebrospinal fluid, and urine continuously decreased in parallel with significant clinical improvement. Our results suggest that GHB quantification in physiological fluids may be a useful laboratory parameter for monitoring efficacy of vigabatrin treatment in SSADH deficiency. Ann Neurol 2003;54:686–689
Synthesis and thermal studies of poly(N‐acryloyl,N′‐cyanoacetohydrazide) complexes with Co(II), Fe(III), and UO2(II) ions
Authors: El‐Mossalamy E. H. , Al‐Thabaiti Shaeel A. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractPolymer complexes with uranium, cobalt, and iron chlorides were synthesized and investigated by elemental analysis, electronic (uv–visible), IR vibration, and magnetic moment measurements. The thermal stabilities of N‐acryloyl,N′‐cyanoacetohydrazide (ACAH) homopolymers and polymer complexes of poly(ACAH) (PACAH) with metal chlorides were studied thermogravimetrically. The rates of polymerization of PACAH in the absence and presence of metal chlorides were studied. The activation energies of the degradation of the homopolymer and polymer complexes were calculated using the Arrhenius equation. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 3354–3358, 2003
Influence of titanium dioxide on crystallization behavior of an ethylene–propylene copolymer
Authors: Raimo M. , Martuscelli E. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractCrystallization of an ethylene–propylene copolymer (E/P) filled with diverse weight percentages of titanium dioxide (TiO2) was performed under isothermal and nonisothermal conditions to investigate the influence of the inorganic substance on the nucleation and growth mechanisms of the matrix. The overall and radial crystallization rates of the composite materials were measured using, respectively, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and optical microscopy. The nucleation density of E/P spherulites as a function of composition was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), revealing a nucleating effect of TiO2. A comparison between the spherulitic texture of specimens showed a higher fineness of the composites relative to the neat matrix, whereas no changes of surface nucleation density were appreciable among composites within the explored compositional range. The thermal behavior is discussed in the light of the enhanced thermal conductivity of polymer composites, which conciliates the crystallization kinetics of the matrix, analyzed using the Avrami equation, to optical and SEM observations. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 3409–3416, 2003
Does axonemal dynein push, pull, or oscillate?
Authors: Lindemann Charles B. , Hunt Alan J. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractDynein is the molecular motor that provides motive force in cilia and flagella. Dynein is anchored to the A‐subtubule of the outer doublets by a club‐shaped extension called the stem, which supports the large globular head of the molecule. Dynein forms an attachment or cross‐bridge to the B‐subtubule of the adjacent outer doublet through a slender appendage extending from the head that is called the stalk or alternately the B‐link. It is generally thought that the B‐link mediates the interdoublet transfer of force that bends the flagellum. This requires that energy released at the site of ATP hydrolysis, located in the globular head, be transferred as mechanical work to the microtubule binding site at the tip of the B‐link. It has been proposed that this is accomplished by a sideways or rotational translocation of the B‐link caused by a rotation of the globular head. An estimate of the stiffness of the B‐link and stem derived from the recently published data of Burgess et al. [2003: Nature 421:715–718] yields a maximum stiffness of 0.47 pN/nm for the B‐link and 0.1 pN/nm for the stem. The B‐link stiffness would allow transfer of 3.8 pN of force in response to an 8‐nm displacement of the B‐link tip. However, if as proposed the globular head of the dynein heavy chain is supported by the stem, the B‐link and stem elasticity are in series. Thus, the flexibility of the stem would limit the force that can be transferred laterally by the entire dynein heavy chain to 0.6 pN at 8 nm displacement. This force is insufficient to support flagellar motility. So, if the stem were the only support for the globular head, then force would have to be transmitted linearly along the axis defined by the stem and B‐link. Because this configuration is never observed, the hypothesis that dynein generates force by lateral displacement of the B‐link is more attractive, but requires that the globular head of the dynein is stabilized by an additional means of support during the power stroke. We propose that the microtubule affinity of the tip of the B‐link is independent of the ATP‐dependent powerstroke, and that detachment from the B‐subtubule is regulated by tension. A dynein cross‐bridge cycle that incorporates an anchored head, together with a ratchet‐like mechanism for microtubule translocation by the B‐link, would have distinct advantages. This mechanism may reconcile dynein oscillation and interdoublet sliding within one cross‐bridge mechanism. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 56:237–244, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sensorimotor corticocortical projections from rat barrel cortex have an anisotropic organization that facilitates integration of inputs from whiskers in the same row
Authors: Hoffer Zachary S. , Hoover John E. , Alloway Kevin D. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractWe used a dual anterograde‐tracing paradigm to characterize the organization of corticocortical projections from primary somatosensory (SI) barrel cortex. In one group of rats, biotinylated dextran amine (BDA) and Fluoro‐Ruby (FR) were injected into separate barrel columns that occupied the same row of barrel cortex; in the other group, the tracers were deposited into barrel columns residing in different rows. The labeled corticocortical terminals in the primary motor (MI) and secondary somatosensory (SII) cortices were plotted, and digital reconstructions of these plots were quantitatively analyzed. In all cases, labeled projections from focal tracer deposits in SI barrel cortex terminated in elongated, row‐like strips of cortex that corresponded to the whisker representations of the MI or SII cortical areas. When both tracers were injected into separate parts of the same SI barrel row, FR‐ and BDA‐labeled terminals tended to merge into a single strip of labeled MI or SII cortex. By comparison, when the tracers were placed in different SI barrel rows, both MI and SII contained at least two row‐like FR‐ and BDA‐labeled strips that formed mirror image representations of the SI injection sites. Quantitative analysis of these labeling patterns revealed three major findings. First, labeled overlap in SII was significantly greater for projections from the same barrel row than for projections from different barrel rows. Second, in the infragranular layers of MI but not in the supragranular layers, labeled overlap was significantly higher for projections from the same SI barrel row. Finally, in all layers of SII and in the infragranular layers of MI, the amount of labeled overlap was proportional to the proximity of the tracer injection sites. These results indicate that SI projections to MI and SII have an anisotropic organization that facilitates the integration of sensory information received from neighboring barrels that represent whiskers in the same row. J. Comp. Neurol. 466:525–544, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Timing and topography of nucleus magnocellularis innervation by the cochlear ganglion
Authors: Molea David , Rubel Edwin W 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThis series of experiments examined the arrival and organization of cochlear nerve axons in the primary auditory brainstem nucleus, nucleus magnocellularis (NM), of the chick. DiI and DiD were injected into the cochlear nerve, cochlear ganglion, and basilar papilla (i.e., avian cochlea) in fixed tissue and labeled axons were studied in NM and its vicinity. Cochlear nerve axons first penetrate NM between stages 29 (E6) and 36 (E10). Axons penetrate NM in a middle‐to‐posterior‐to‐anterior developmental sequence; the anterior, high‐frequency region of NM receives axons last. When cochlear nerve axons arrive in the NM, they are already organized in a topographic map related to the position of their cell bodies along the basilar papilla, foreshadowing the tonotopic mapping observed between NM and the basilar papilla later in development. Evidence of a topographic map was also observed in the other primary auditory brainstem nucleus, nucleus angularis. These results indicate that topographic mapping of position (and ultimately characteristic frequency) between the basilar papilla and NM is established as cochlear nerve axons arrive in the NM prior to the onset of synaptic activity. J. Comp. Neurol. 466:577–591, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ultrastructural localization of the norepinephrine transporter in superficial and deep layers of the rat prelimbic prefrontal cortex and its spatial relationship to probable dopamine terminals
Authors: Miner Leeann H. , Schroeter Sally , Blakely Randy D. , Sesack Susan R. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe prefrontal cortex (PFC) is a likely site of action for the therapeutic efficacy of antidepressants that inhibit norepinephrine (NE) reuptake. Moreover, drugs that block the NE transporter (NET) increase extracellular levels of both NE and dopamine (DA), an interaction that may contribute to their therapeutic properties. To examine the subcellular localization of NET and to investigate the spatial relationships between presumed NE and DA axons within the rat prelimbic PFC, we combined immunogold–silver localization of NET with immunoperoxidase staining for the catecholamine synthetic enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). An additional aim was to quantify the proportion of profiles dually labeled for NET and TH to test the common observation that TH immunolabeling is relatively selective for DA axons. NET‐immunoreactive (NET‐ir) axonal profiles were typically unmyelinated and occasionally were observed to form symmetric axodendritic synapses. The majority of immunogold NET labeling was unexpectedly observed in the cytoplasm rather than on the plasma membrane. Furthermore, in tissue dually labeled for both NET and TH, only 8–10% of profiles contained both markers. Unlike observations for singly labeled profiles, gold–silver particles for NET in dually labeled axons were localized primarily to the plasmalemma. A systematic survey of terminals labeled only for TH revealed that they were typically separated by at least 1.2 μm from NET‐ir varicosities, and the two profile types were not seen to contact common targets. These results suggest that, in the rat PFC, NE axons (1) contain predominantly cytoplasmic NET, (2) infrequently contain TH immunolabeling, and (3) may interact with probable DA afferents by means of extrasynaptic mechanisms. J. Comp. Neurol. 466:478–494, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Improved DNA flow cytometric, DNA ploidy, and S‐phase reproducibility between 15 laboratories in analysis of breast cancer using generalized guidelines
Authors: Baldetorp Bo , Bendahl Pär‐Ola , Fernö Mårten , Stål Olle 
Published: October 2003

AbstractBackgroundLack of generalized guidelines for DNA flow cytometric analysis (FCM) may be the main reason for its limited use in the clinical management of breast cancer.MethodsAfter an initial interlaboratory reproducibility study (Round I), we concluded that it was the evaluation of the DNA histograms rather than the technical performance of the analysis that was the main reason for discordant results between laboratories. Guidelines for the interpretation of DNA histograms were therefore drawn up. We present here data from a new reproducibility study (Round II) using these guidelines.ResultsFor 10 laboratories also participating in Round I, use of the guidelines increased the concordance in DNA ploidy status from 89% to 100% for the 46 samples used in both rounds. The concordance rate for SPF also increased; mean rs‐value increased from 0.81 to 0.88, and mean kappa value (lower two‐thirds versus upper third versus not reported) increased from 0.55 to 0.71. Five new laboratories, participating only in Round II, also agreed with the 10 original laboratories regarding DNA ploidy status. With the inclusion of all 15 laboratories, we obtained a mean rs‐value of 0.81 and a mean kappa value of 0.72 for SPF.ConclusionsGeneralized guidelines for DNA FCM increase interlaboratory agreement, which is highly important in clinical routines and in multicenter studies. Furthermore, inexperienced FCM laboratories using generalized guidelines can produce and interpret DNA FCM data equally as well as experienced laboratories. Cytometry Part A 56A:1–7, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
On functional properties of information filtering
Authors: Sawai Rie , Tsukamoto Masahiko , Terada Tsutomu , Loh Yin‐Huei , Nishio Shojiro 
Published: October 2003

AbstractWith the widespread use of satellite broadcasting and data broadcasting, the kind and amount of broadcast content are increasing rapidly. In an environment in which large amounts of data are received, it is very difficult for the user to locate the necessary data, and it is desirable to develop a filtering method that can automatically extract only the necessary data. A large number of filtering methods for such a purpose have been proposed. However, the mathematical basis for the qualitative representation of these methods has not been established, and there is as yet no method for qualitative evaluation and optimization of the method and no design of a declarative language for filtering. In this paper, filtering is defined as a function. By representing the properties of various filtering methods as conditions to be satisfied by the function, a mathematical basis for information filtering is established. The relations among the properties of the filtering methods are analyzed by identifying the inclusive relations among the constraints representing various properties. On the basis of the mathematical basis discussed in this paper, real filtering methods are classified. By selecting processing matched to the required properties, more efficient filtering will be realized. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 86(11): 37–49, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.10199
Simulation model of surface acoustic wave motor considering tangential rigidity
Authors: Asai Katsuhiko , Kurosawa Minoru Kuribayashi 
Published: October 2003

AbstractIn order to attempt performance improvement of a surface acoustic wave motor, it is necessary to understand the contact condition between the stator substrate and the slider and to determine the relationship between the basic performance and the physical parameters. In this research, a simulation model taking into account the tangential rigidity on the stator substrate surface is proposed. The effects of parameters such as the friction coefficient, amplitude, and rigidity on the driving performance are elucidated. The validity of the proposed model is demonstrated by a comparison with the experimental results. In addition, detailed calculations are carried out, including determination of the normal position change of the slider by means of the simulation model. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 87(2): 54–66, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.10098
Energy circulation methods for surface acoustic wave motor
Authors: Asai Katsuhiko , Kurosawa Minoru Kuribayashi , Higuchi Toshiro 
Published: October 2003

AbstractIt is important to improve efficiency of surface acoustic wave motors in order to achieve their commercialization. In the present research, the energy of the surface wave, which has previously not been used effectively for driving the slider, but been consumed in sound‐absorbing materials, is now circulated by two techniques, so that the surface wave is excited efficiently. Trial fabrication of surface acoustic wave motors using the energy circulation methods is carried out. It is confirmed that the traveling wave can actually be excited. In addition, the effectiveness of the energy circulation method is demonstrated by comparison of the driving performance with that in the absence of energy circulation methods. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 87(2): 10–19, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.10132