bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does family history influence survival in breast cancer cases?
Authors: Russo Antonio , Herd‐Smith Andrea , Gestri Donella , Bianchi Simonetta , Vezzosi Vanna , Rosselli Del Turco Marco , Cardona Gaetano 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA few studies have suggested a relatively better prognosis for breast cancer (BC) cases reporting a positive family history (FH). We aimed at comparing the survival of patients according to FH in a large hospital‐based series of 1,278 BC cases. Information on FH for BC was obtained at diagnosis by interview. All cases reporting a first‐ or second‐degree FH for breast carcinoma were compared with cases without FH. Overall survival was estimated using a product‐limit method. Hazard ratios (HRs) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs), adjusted for confounding factors, were computed using proportional hazard models. Overall, 240 (18.8%) cases reporting, at diagnosis, a positive FH (156 with at least 1 first‐degree relative and 84 with at least 1 second‐degree relative) were compared with 1,038 patients without FH for BC. No significant differences were found in terms of distribution of age at diagnosis, tumor stage, nodal involvement, receptor status and histology. Cumulative survival rates at 5 years for cases without FH and with first‐degree and second‐degree FH for BC were 79.8 (95% CI 77.0–83.0), 78.6 (95% CI 70.0–88.0) and 80.2 (95% CI 68.0–92.0), respectively (log‐rank test, χ22 = 0.02, p = 1.0). After adjustment for age, pathologic size and nodal involvement, the HR among cases of invasive cancer with a first‐degree FH of BC was 0.91 (95% CI 0.55–1.48); however, the HR for cases with second‐degree FH was 1.18 (95% CI 0.62–2.25) compared to cases without FH. Our study, based on a large series of consecutive invasive BC cases, did not find any significant survival differences associated with a positive FH for breast carcinoma, suggesting the existence of a large heterogeneity among BC cases with FH. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role of NQO1, MPO and CYP2E1 genetic polymorphisms in the susceptibility to childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Krajinovic Maja , Sinnett Hugues , Richer Chantal , Labuda Damian , Sinnett Daniel 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAcute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common pediatric cancer. The genetic factors underlying the susceptibility to this disease remain elusive. The enzymes CYP2E1, MPO and NQO1 are involved in the biotransformation of a variety of xenobiotics present in organic solvents, tobacco smoke, drugs, plastic derivatives and pesticides. They also control the level of the oxidative stress by catalyzing the formation of free radicals or by protecting cells from their deleterious effect. DNA variants in the corresponding genes have been associated with an increased susceptibility to different adult cancers, including hematologic malignancies. To investigate whether they represent risk‐modifying factors in childhood ALL, we conducted a case‐control study involving 174 patients and 337 controls, both of French‐Canadian origin. We found that carriers of the CYP2E1*5 variant were at 2.8‐fold higher risk of ALL (95%CI, 1.2–6.4) and that NQO1 alleles *2 and *3 contributed to the risk of ALL as well (OR = 1.7, 95%CI, 1.2–2.4). No such association was found with MPO alone. However, when the wild‐type MPO allele was considered together with the CYP2E1 and NQO1 risk‐elevating genotypes, the risk of ALL was increased further (OR = 5.4, 95%CI, 1.2–23.4) suggesting a combined effect. We also found a gene‐gene interaction between the GSTM1 null genotype and NQO1 mutant alleles. It is therefore plausible that exposure to xenobiotics metabolized by these enzymes play a role in the etiology of childhood ALL. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Exchange rate and price adjustments in the aftermath of the Asian crisis
Authors: Fujii Eiji 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis study investigates the behavioural dynamics of the real exchange rates of five East Asian economies—Indonesia, Korea, the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand—in the aftermath of the 1997 currency crisis. The results of cointegration analyses suggest that, despite the turbulent exchange rate movements during the crisis, the long‐run purchasing power parity has remained to dictate the exchange rate and price relationship for all but Indonesia. The effects on the short‐run dynamics are not unanimous, and there are indications of structural changes for selected countries, namely Korea and Thailand. Further, using impulse responses, we find that the speed of real exchange rate mean reversion is barely affected by the crisis, except for the Korean won. Overall, the empirical results suggest that the effects of the Asian crisis can generally be regarded as a temporary deviation rather than a fundamental shift in the real exchange rate behaviour. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of therapeutic doses of bisquaternary oximes in large animals
Authors: Chen R. , Raveh L. , Zomber G. , Rabinovitz I. , Cohen G. , Adani R. , Amitai G. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis report presents a non‐lethal method for estimating a range of therapeutic doses of bisquaternary oximes that serve as antidotes against organophosphorus poisoning. We have estimated therapeutic oxime doses that are equivalent in their relative toxicity rather than selecting arbitrary fractions of their LD50. Thus, toxic signs of the oximes HI‐6, HLö‐7, Toxogonin, AB‐8 and AB‐13 were monitored quantitatively in baboon monkeys and beagle dogs. Using Toxogonin as a reference oxime, a calculated unit of equivalent dose (CED) was defined as the oxime dose equal to the ratio between its minimal toxic dose (MTD) and the therapeutic ratio (TR) of Toxogonin i.e. CED = MTD/TR. Assuming that the tails of dose–response curves of toxicity for bisquaternary oximes are shallow and similar to one another, one could substitute the ED10 for the MTD. The ED10 values for bisquaternary oximes were estimated using the log‐log model following experimental observations and quantitative scoring of toxic signs in dogs and monkeys. The MTD values then were calculated using the ED10 values and the experimental therapeutic dose of the reference oxime Toxogonin. The following CED values were obtained for AB‐8, AB‐13, Toxogonin, HI‐6 and HLö‐7 in dogs (d) and monkeys (m): 98.7, 74.2, 30.0, 14.5 and 12.1 (d) and 281.9, 232.1, 41.7, 192.9 and 92.9 (m) µmol kg−1, respectively. The antidotal efficacy of these oximes against poisoning by the nerve agent tabun was determined in dogs and monkeys. These dose‐dependent efficacy data were obtained at 0.3 × CED, 1 × CED and 3 × CED of oximes in combination with atropine. These data provide comparative therapeutic values using oxime doses based on their relative toxicity. The highest antidotal efficacy against tabun in dogs was obtained for toxogonin, whereas HLö‐7 and AB‐13 were most efficacious in monkeys. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
IL‐1β sensitizes intervertebral disc annulus cells to fluid‐induced shear stress
Authors: Elfervig Michelle K. , Minchew Joe T. , Francke Eric , Tsuzaki Mari , Banes Albert J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractChronic inflammation and altered mechanical loading are implicated as contributors to intervertebral disc degeneration. Biomechanical and biochemical factors play a role in disc degeneration but have received limited study. Mechanically, intervertebral discs are sheared during bending or twisting of the trunk. Biochemically, IL‐1β, detected in degenerative discs, promotes metalloproteinase expression. We hypothesized that disc cells might respond to shear stress and IL‐1β in a calcium signaling response. We measured the effect of single and combined stimuli on intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]ic) and signaling. Cells were isolated from annulus tissue, cultured to quiescence, plated on collagen‐bonded Culture Slips® and incubated with Fura‐2AM. Cells then were incubated in IL‐1β. Cell response to the effects of fluid flow was tested using FlexFlo™, a laminar flow device. Human annulus (hAN) cells responded to laminar fluid flow with a one to three‐fold increase in [Ca2+]ic. IL‐1β alone produced a small, transient stimulation. hAN cells pretreated with IL‐1β responded to shear with a more dramatic and sustained increase in [Ca2+]ic, six to ten‐fold over basal level, when compared to shear then IL‐1β or shear and IL‐1β alone (P < 0.001 for all comparisons). This is the first study documenting synergism of a signaling response to biomechanical and biochemical stimuli in human disc cells. IL‐1β treatment appeared to “sensitize” annulus cells to mechanical load. This increased responsiveness to mechanical load in the face of inflammatory cytokines may imply that the sensitivity of annulus cells to shear increases during inflammation and may affect initiation and progression of disc degeneration. J. Cell. Biochem. 82: 290–298, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Integrin αvβ3 is involved in stimulated migration of vascular adventitial fibroblasts by basic fibroblast growth factor but not platelet‐derived growth factor
Authors: Liu Guizhen , Eskin Suzanne G. , Mikos Antonios G. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe examined the effects of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF) on the migration of vascular adventitial fibroblasts (VAFs) isolated from rat aortic adventitiae. Both bFGF and PDGF significantly stimulated VAF migration in vitro. An antibody to rat β3 integrin reduced bFGF‐stimulated migration in a dose dependent manner. Moreover, VAF migration was inhibited in the presence of cyclic RGD (cRGD) peptide. However, PDGF‐directed migration was blocked only by equivalent cRGD peptide but not by antibody to β3 integrin. These data suggest that αvβ3 integrin mediates VAF migration stimulated by bFGF and that chemoattractant directed migration may be through distinct integrins. J. Cell. Biochem. 83: 129–135, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ground‐state structures of polymers
Authors: Hauck J. , Mika K. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTwo‐ and three‐dimensional structures AxBy can be characterized by the numbers T1 and T2 of nearest and next‐nearest neighbors of the same kind. A small number of structures at the border of the T1, T2 structure map is stabilized by enthalpy compared to an increased number of entropy stabilized structures. About 60 three‐dimensional structures with T1=2 nearest neighbors of all A atoms are suitable for infinite chains of polymers like (CH)∞, (CHCH2)∞, or (CH2)∞. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Comput Chem 22: 1944–1955, 2001
The Behavioral Observation System (BOS): A line staff assessment instrument of psychopathology
Authors: LePage James P. , Mogge Neil L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis study examined the initial reliability and validity of the Behavioral Observation System (BOS). The BOS, which consists of 34 items rating inpatient behaviors and is completed by psychiatric aids, was developed to assess the domains of Psychosis, Mania, Depression, and Behavioral Dyscontrol. Three studies are described. Results of the reliability study suggest adequate intraclass correlations and coefficient αs. Analyses of the interscale correlations demonstrated appropriate initial discrimination between the scales. A comparison of diagnoses with ratings yielded expected convergent validity. The overall results suggest the BOS is likely to provide reliable and useful information to treatment teams. Directions of future studies also are discussed. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Psychol 57: 1435–1444, 2001.
Heparan sulfate mimetics modulate calpain activity during rat Soleus muscle regeneration
Authors: Zimowska M. , Szczepankowska D. , Streminska W. , Papy D. , Tournaire M.C. , Gautron J. , Barritault D. , Moraczewski J. , Martelly I. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSkeletal muscle regenerates after injury. Tissue remodelling, which takes place during muscle regeneration, is a complex process involving proteolytic enzymes. It is inferred that micro and milli calpains are involved in the protein turnover and structural adaptation associated with muscle myolysis and reconstruction. Using a whole‐crush injured skeletal muscle, we previously have shown that in vivo muscle treatment with synthetic heparan sulfate mimetics, called RGTAs (for ReGeneraTing Agents), greatly accelerates and improves muscle regeneration after crushing. This effect was particularly striking in the case of the slow muscle Soleus that otherwise would be atrophied. Therefore, we used this regeneration model to study milli and micro calpain expressions in the regenerating Soleus muscle and to address the question of a possible effect of RGTAs treatment on calpain levels. Micro and milli calpain contents increased by about five times to culminate at days 7 and 14 after crushing respectively, thus during the phases of fibre reconstruction and reinnervation. After 64 days of regeneration, muscles still displayed higher levels of both calpains than an intact uninjured muscle. Milli calpain detected by immunocytochemistry was shown in the cytoplasm whereas micro calpain was in both nuclei and cytoplasm in small myofibres but appeared almost exclusively in nuclei of more mature fibres. Interestingly, the treatment of muscles with RGTA highly reduced the increase of both milli and micro calpain contents in Soleus regenerating muscles. These results suggest that the improvement of muscle regeneration induced by RGTA may be partly mediated by minimising the consequences of calpain activity. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Strategies to improve the bioconversion of processed wood into lactic acid by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation
Authors: Moldes Ana B , Alonso José L , Parajó Juan C 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn the one‐step conversion of wood into lactic acid by Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF), inhibition effects caused by hydrolysis‐ and fermentation‐derived compounds on both enzymatic activity and fermentative ability of microorganisms appear when the operation is carried out under conditions leading to high productivities. The main effects inhibiting SSF have been assessed, and the results obtained in fed‐batch experiments allowed the definition of strategies for improving the overall bioconversion process. As cellobiose caused significant inhibition of cellulases, the supplementation of media with β‐glucosidase resulted in improved kinetics and yields. The inhibition of both enzymatic activity and microbial metabolism by lactic acid was confirmed. Intermittent removal of lactic acid by passing the fermentation media through an anion‐exchange resin column resulted in increased productivities and yields. Improved conversion of pretreated wood into lactic acid (67% conversion of cellulose into lactic acid, with maximum lactic acid concentration of 108 g dm−3 and a productivity of 0.94 g dm−3 h−1) was achieved combining multiple substrate addition, supplementation with fresh nutrients and enzymes and removal of lactic acid.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Recycling polymeric wastes by means of pyrolysis
Authors: Marco Isabel de , Caballero Blanca , Torres Amelia , Laresgoiti Ma Felisa , Chomón Ma Jesús , Cabrero M Angel 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDifferent polymeric wastes, which include materials from the automobile industry, such as tyres, automobile shredder residues (ASR) and sheet moulding compound (SMC), and materials from municipal solid wastes (MSW), such as cardboard, tetrabrik and plastics (LDPE, PP, PS, PET and PVC), pure and mixed, have been pyrolysed in a 3.5 dm3 autoclave at 500 °C for 30 min in a nitrogen atmosphere. The amount and characteristics of the solid, liquids and gases obtained are presented. The suitability of the different materials for the pyrolysis recycling process is discussed. It is concluded that pyrolysis is a very promising technique for recycling tyres, SMC, one type of ASR (heavy ASR), and LDPE, PP and PS, either pure or mixed; with all of them valuable solid, liquid and gaseous products are obtained in pyrolysis. On the contrary, light ASR, tetrabrik and cardboard do not yield valuable products in the pyrolysis process and therefore their recycling by pyrolysis is not of interest, except as a way of volume reduction. PET and PVC turned out to be troublesome in the pyrolysis experiments; for a proper study of their recycling by pyrolysis other operating conditions and installations are required.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Sonographic appearances of malignant lymphoma of the salivary glands
Authors: Yasumoto Mayumi , Yoshimura Ryouichi , Sunaba Koji , Shibuya Hitoshi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPurposeWe undertook this retrospective study to describe the sonographic findings in patients with malignant lymphoma of the major salivary glands.MethodsWe reviewed the sonograms and medical records of 7 patients with histologically proven lymphoma of the parotid (3 patients) or submandibular glands (4 patients).ResultsPrimary lymphoma was found in 1 parotid gland and 2 submandibular glands. The remaining 4 cases were secondary lymphomas. One patient had been diagnosed with Sjögren's syndrome and had been followed up with sonography. In parotid glands, both parenchymal and intraparotid nodal lymphomas were found. All submandibular gland tumors were parenchymal. Intraparotid nodal involvement appeared as multiple small nodules with relatively smooth margins, whereas the parenchymal parotid and submandibular gland lymphomas were larger (25 to 45 mm in longitudinal diameter) and showed various degrees of margin irregularity. All tumors were hypoechoic relative to the normal parenchyma. The primary parotid lymphoma and intraparotid nodal lymphomas had a homogeneous echotexture; the secondary parotid lymphomas and submandibular gland lymphomas were heterogeneous. One submandibular gland lymphoma showed intratumoral echogenic stripes. Neither calcification nor cystic degeneration was observed within the lesions.ConclusionsLymphomas of the salivary glands present a variety of sonographic appearances, ranging from multiple small, hypoechoic nodules to an irregularly shaped heterogeneous mass without cystic areas or calcifications. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 29:491–498, 2001.
Podocyte electrophysiology, in vivo and in vitro
Authors: Pavenstädt Hermann , Bek Martin 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPodocytes are the most differentiated cell types in the glomerulus, which have been assumed to participate in the regulation of the ultrafiltration coefficient Kf. In podocytes in vivo and in vitro vasoactive agonists, such as angiotensin II and acetylcholine, increase the free cytosolic Ca2+ concentration via a release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores and an influx of Ca2+ from the extracellular space. An increase of the cytosolic Ca2+ in podocytes activates Cl− channels in podocytes in vivo and in vitro, resulting in a depolarization of podocytes. In vitro studies have shown that in addition to Ca2+‐activated Cl− channels, cAMP‐activated Cl− channels and Ca2+‐activated K+ channels are present in cultured podocytes. The characterization of the signaling pathways that regulate ion channels in podocytes may be important in the understanding of the regulation of the ultrafiltration coefficient Kf. This review summarizes the currently known electrophysiological properties of podocytes. Microsc. Res. Tech. 57:224–227, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular pathways of oligodendrocyte apoptosis revealed by mutations in the proteolipid protein gene
Authors: Southwood Cherie , Gow Alexander 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA decade after the genetic link was established between mutations in the proteolipid protein gene and two leukodystrophies, Pelizaeus‐Merzbacher disease and spastic paraplegia, the molecular mechanisms underlying pathogenesis are beginning to come to light. Data from animal models of these diseases suggest that the absence of proteolipid protein gene products in the central nervous system confers a relatively mild phenotype while missense mutations in and duplications of this gene give rise to mild or severe forms of disease. Previously, we have interpreted the disease process in terms of the accumulation of the mutant proteins in the secretory pathway and, herein, we review the evidence in favor of such a cellular mechanism. Furthermore, on the basis of recent data we suggest that the unfolded protein response may be involved in the pathogenesis of Pelizaeus‐Merzbacher disease and spastic paraplegia through a kinase signaling cascade that links the accumulation of mutant proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum of oligodendrocytes with changes in gene regulation, protein synthesis, and possibly apoptosis. Microsc. Res. Tech. 52:700–708, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Histones are the major chromosomal protein components of the sperm of the nemerteans Cerebratulus californiensis and Cerebratulus lacteus
Authors: Wang Xiaoying , Ausió Juan 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe have characterized for the first time the sperm nuclear basic proteins (SNBP) from two species of nemerteans: Cerebratulus californiensis and Cerebratulus lacteus. Gel electrophoretic and chromatographic (RP‐HPLC) analysis of the nuclear sperm extracts indicate that histones are the major protein components which are present. The linker histones (histones of the H1 family) exhibit a rather unusual composition and some of them contain cysteine. Several histone H1 isoforms are present, one of which has a composition similar to that of other H1 histones found in the sperm chromatin of other groups of lower invertebrates. J. Exp. Zool. 290:431–436, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Elements of butterfly wing patterns
Authors: Nijhout H.F. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe color patterns on the wings of butterflies are unique among animal color patterns in that the elements that make up the overall pattern are individuated. Unlike the spots and stripes of vertebrate color patterns, the elements of butterfly wing patterns have identities that can be traced from species to species, and typically across genera and families. Because of this identity it is possible to recognize homologies among pattern elements and to study their evolution and diversification. Individuated pattern elements evolved from non‐individuated precursors by compartmentalization of the wing into areas that became developmentally autonomous with respect to color pattern formation. Developmental compartmentalization led to the evolution of serially repeated elements and the emergence of serial homology. In these compartments, serial homologues were able to acquire site‐specific developmental regulation and this, in turn, allowed them to diverge morphologically. Compartmentalization of the wing also reduced the developmental correlation among pattern elements. The release from this developmental constraint, we believe, enabled the great evolutionary radiation of butterfly wing patterns. During pattern evolution, the same set of individual pattern elements is arranged in novel ways to produce species‐specific patterns, including such adaptations as mimicry and camouflage. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 291:213–225, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.