bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stellar population astrophysics with the TNG
Authors: Vernekar Nagaraj , Lucatello Sara , Bragaglia Angela , Miglio Andrea , Sanna Nicoletta , Andreuzzi Gloria , Frasca Antonio 
Published: January 2024

Context.Asteroseismology, a powerful approach for obtaining internal structure and stellar properties, requires surface temperature and chemical composition information to determine mass and age. High-resolution spectroscopy is a valuable technique for precise stellar parameters (including surface temperature) and for an analysis of the chemical composition.Aims.We combine spectroscopic parameters with asteroseismology to test stellar models.Methods.Using high-resolution optical and near-IR spectra from GIARPS at the Telescopio NazionaleGalileo, we conducted a detailed spectroscopic analysis of 16 stars that were photometrically selected to be on the red giant and red clump branch. Stellar parameters and chemical abundances for light elements (Li, C, N, and F), Fe peak,αand n-capture elements were derived using a combination of equivalent widths and spectral synthesis techniques based on atomic and molecular features. Ages were determined through asteroseismic scaling relations and were compared with ages based on chemical clocks, [Y/Mg] and [C/N].Results.The spectroscopic parameters confirmed that the stars are part of the red giant branch and red clump. Two objects, HD 22045 and HD 24680, exhibit relatively high Li abundances, and HD 24680 might be a Li-rich giant resulting from mass transfer with an intermediate-mass companion that already underwent its asymptotic giant branch phase. The stellar parameters derived from scaling different sets of relations were consistent with each other. The values based on asteroseismology for the ages agree excellently with those derived from theoretical evolutionary tracks, but they disagree with ages derived from the chemical clocks [Y/Mg] and [C/N].
Meta-Analysis of the Efficacy and Safety Evaluation of Vandetanib in
the Treatment of Medullary Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Xian Tong-cheng , Yang Min-ye , Zhang Xue-lin , Wang Jie , Luo Yi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe aim of the work was to systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of
Vandetanib in the treatment of advanced medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). MeSH
entries to search for randomized controlled trials and clinical research
literature on the application of Vandetanib in the treatment of medullary
thyroid cancer from PubMed, Chinese national knowledge infrastructure (CNKI),
and Web of Science databases since their establishment until March 2023 were
used. In terms of efficacy, the analysis results showed that Vandetanib had a
significantly higher objective response rate compared to the control group using
placebo (OR=2.13, 95% CI: 1.38, 3.29). In terms of side effects,
Vandetanib significantly increases the incidence of hypertension, rash, and
diarrhea, and has statistical significance (p+<+0.05).
Vandetanib has a better therapeutic effect on MTC, but it also increases the
incidence of hypertension, rash, and diarrhea. Attention should be paid to the
relief of side effects when using it.
Investigation of Factors Affecting the Rate of High-Boiling-Point Solvent Removal Using a Rotary Evaporator
Authors: Zhang Qian , Chen Yinzhe , Wang Weiding 
Published: January 2024

AbstractFactors that might affect the removal time of high-boiling-point solvents with a rotary evaporator were examined. Considering several essential factors, the optimized conditions for removing a high-boiling-point solvent are suggested. The results and discussion from this work can serve as a reference for current and future organic chemists. Finally, two examples of fast and successful dehydration reactions are given to demonstrate that the rotary evaporator can be used to conduct organic syntheses.
Political connection and credit risk of real estate enterprises: evidence from stock market
Authors: Chen Rongda , Yu Jingjing , Jin Chenglu , Chen Xinyang , Yang Liu , Zhang Shuonan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAlthough extensive research has examined the credit risk of real estate enterprises, the relationship between the political connection of real estate enterprises and these enterprises’ credit risk has not been formally studied. Using the panel data of 123 real estate listed companies in the Chinese stock market from 2008 to 2021, this paper finds a significant positive correlation between the political connection of private real estate listed companies and their credit risk. This phenomenon is attributed to the excessive debt that benefits from political connections since it may raise the credit risk of any real estate firm. Interestingly, considering that 2013 is the first year of China’s Internet finance era, we find that the popularity of Internet finance and other decentralized lending financing channels may enhance the impact of political connections on real estate credit risk. Our findings provide new micro evidence for the influencing factors and mechanism of credit risk of real estate enterprises during the recent “credit crisis” in the real estate market in China.
Composition-based phase stability model for multicomponent metal alloys
Authors: Spendlove Jay C. , Fong Bryan H. , Martin John H. , O’Masta Mark R. , Pan Andrew , Schaedler Tobias A. , Isaacs Eric B. 
Published: January 2024

The vastness of the space of possible multicomponent metal alloys is hoped to provide improved structural materials but also challenges traditional, low-throughput materials design efforts. Computational screening could narrow this search space if models for materials stability and desired properties exist that are sufficiently inexpensive and accurate to efficiently guide experiments. Toward this effort, here we develop a method to rapidly assess the thermodynamic stability of a metal alloy composition of an arbitrary number of elements, stoichiometry, and temperature based on density functional theory (DFT) data. In our model, the Gibbs free energy of the solid solution contains binary enthalpy contributions and ideal configurational entropy, whereas only enthalpy is considered for intermetallic competing phases. Compared to a past model for predicting the formation of single-phase high-entropy alloys [M. C. Troparevsky et al., Phys. Rev. X 5, 011041 (2015)], our method is similarly inexpensive, since it assesses enthalpies based on existing DFT data, but less heuristic, more broadly applicable, and more accurate (70%–75%) compared to experiment.
A quantum of information in black hole evaporation
Authors: van Putten Maurice H P M 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Black holes evolve by evaporation of their event horizon. While this process is believed to be unitary, there is no consensus on the recovery of information in black hole entropy. A missing link is a quantum of information in black hole evaporation. Distinct from Hawking radiation, we identify evaporation in entangled pairs by

P

2

topology of the event horizon consistent with the Bekenstein–Hawking entropy in a uniformly spaced horizon area. It derives by continuation of

P

2

in Rindler spacetime prior to gravitational collapse, subject to a tight correlation of the fundamental frequency of quasi-normal-mode ringing in gravitational and electromagnetic radiation. Information extraction from entangled pairs by detecting one over the surface spanned by three faces of a large cube carries a quantum of information

2

k
B

log
3

upon including measurement of spin.
A simple model for the prediction of CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere, depending on global CO2 emissions
Authors: Vollmer M , Eberhardt W 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We present a very simple model for estimating time dependent atmospheric CO2 concentrations c(t) from global carbon emission scenarios, serving as single input data. We derive a single linear differential equation of 1st order, based on parameters which are estimated from quantitative data of the global carbon project and Mauna Loa data for CO2 concentrations. The model is tested first by comparing it to the 1960–2021 period with reasonably good quantitative agreement and, second to two of the typical current IPCC scenarios with good qualitative agreement. Finally, some new emission scenarios are modelled. Despite several drawbacks concerning absolute quantitative predictions, there are two important advantages of the model. First, it can be easily executed by students already with simple programmable spreadsheet programs such as Excel. Second input emission scenarios can be changed easily and expected changes are immediately seen for discussion during undergraduate and graduate courses on the carbon cycle and climate change.
Fabrication of a piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducer (PMUT) with dual heterogeneous piezoelectric thin film stacking
Authors: Qi Xuanmeng , Yoshida Shinya , Risquez Sarah , Ghosh Anirban , Moridi Mohssen , Tanaka Shuji 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In this study, a piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducer (pMUT) was developed using dual heterogeneous piezoelectric thin films stacked on top of each other. One piezoelectric layer is specialized for the actuation, while the other is specialized for the reception of the ultrasonic waves. This combined use of two materials promises to realize a pMUT transceiver array with an excellent transmitting and receiving performance and a high fill factor. Taking fabrication feasibility into consideration, AlN/Pb(Mg1/3, Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 (PMN-PT) and Pb(Zr, Ti)O3 (PZT)/AlN pMUTs were selected as two candidates for prototyping as the dual-layer pMUTs. The driving tests were performed by actuation of each piezoelectric layer and a resonance frequencies around 265 kHz and 203 kHz were confirmed for AlN/PMN-PT and PZT/AlN pMUT, respectively. The diaphragm of AlN/PMN-PT pMUT has a displacement sensitivity of 3538 nm V−1 and 306 nm V−1 when actuating PMN-PT layer and AlN layer at resonance frequency, respectively. While the diaphragm of PZT/AlN pMUT has a displacement sensitivity of 1036 nm V−1 and 744 nm V−1 when actuating the PZT layer and the AlN layer at the resonance frequency, respectively.
Investigating thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of a hybrid material based on cellulose nanofibers and boron nitride nanotubes using molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Ray Upamanyu , Pang Zhenqian , Li Teng 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Cellulose nanofibers (NFCs) have emerged as a preferred choice for fabricating nanomaterials with exceptional mechanical properties. At the same time, boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) have long been favored in thermal management devices due to their superior thermal conductivity (k). This study uses reverse non-equilibrium molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to investigate k for a hybrid material based on NFCs and BNNTs. The result is then compared with pure NFC and BNNT-based structures with equivalent total weight content to elucidate how incorporating BNNT fillers enhances k for the hybrid system. Furthermore, the fundamental phonon vibration modes responsible for driving thermal transport in NFC-based materials upon incorporating BNNTS are identified by computing the vibrational density of states from the Fourier transform analysis of the averaged mass-weighted velocity autocorrelation function. Additionally, MD simulations demonstrate how both NFCs and BNNTs synergistically improve the constituting hybrid structure’s mechanical properties (e.g. tensile strength and stiffness). The overarching aim is to contribute towards the engineered design of novel functional materials based on nanocellulose that simultaneously improve crucial physical properties pertaining to thermal transport and mechanics.
Anomalous hot electron generation via stimulated Raman scattering in plasma with up-ramp density profiles
Authors: Jiang X Y , Weng S M , Ma H H , Wu C F , Liu Z , Chen M , Eliasson B , Sheng Z M 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We investigate the evolution and propagation of the electron plasma waves (EPWs) excited by stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) in the inhomogeneous plasma theoretically and numerically with particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations. A theoretical model of EPWs in inhomogeneous plasmas is presented, which shows that the evolution of the EPW wavenumber is mainly related to the plasma density profile rather than the plasma electron temperature, in agreement with PIC simulations. When the density gradient is positive along the propagation direction of an EPW, its wavenumber decreases with time and consequently its phase velocity increases continuously, causing the trapped electrons to be accelerated to anomalous high energy. Furthermore, it is found that the Langmuir decay instability tends to reduce the levels of SRS saturation and electron acceleration and produce hot electrons in the opposite direction. This work provides a new understanding of electron heating due to SRS excitation.
Anisotropic structural and optical properties of semi-polar (20–21) InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells grown on patterned sapphire substrates
Authors: Zhang Yun , Gong Maogao , Xing Kun , Xu Feifan , Tao Tao , Xie Zili , Liu Bin , Zhang Rong 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Semi-polar orientation owns the advantage of reduced internal piezoelectric fields by tilting the growth direction away from the conventional c-direction. The crystal symmetry and the balanced biaxial stress in growth plane are inevitably broken in the semi-polar orientation, leading to the appearance of anisotropic properties in both structural and optical performance. This report has investigated the structural and optical properties of semi-polar (20–21) InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells overgrown on patterned sapphire substrates with a wide wavelength range from 415 nm to 521 nm. Polarization switching was not observed on these semi-polar (20–21) samples. The polarization ratio monotonically increases from 0.18 to 0.43 with increasing the emission wavelength, and the energy difference simultaneously increases from 17 meV to 29 meV. As increasing the excitation laser power, the polarization ratio drops slightly while the energy difference remains stable, indicating a saturation of the recombination to the topmost valence subband. These results help exploit the anisotropic structural and optical properties of semi-polar nitrides and promote the development of highly polarized light source for the application in the fields of display and communication.
Review on magnetic/nonmagnetic heterojunction interface effects on spintronic MTJ devices
Authors: Yuan Yuhai , Jiang Yanfeng 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs), as the core storage unit of magneto resistive random-access memory, plays important role in the cutting-edge spintronics. In the MTJ devices, there are multiple internal magnetic/nonmagnetic heterojunction structures. The heterojunction always consists of magnetic metals and magnetic insulators or nonmagnetic metals. The interface of the heterojunction has certain physical effects that can affect the performance of MTJ devices. In the review, combined with the existing research results, the physical mechanism of magnetic/non-magnetic heterojunction interface coupling is discussed. The influence of the interface effect of the heterojunction on the performance of MTJ devices is studied. The optimization method is proposed specifically. This work systematically summarizes the interface effect of magnetic/non-magnetic heterojunction, which could be the critical aspect for the device’s yield and reliability.
Analysis of satellite-to-ground quantum key distribution with adaptive optics
Authors: Marulanda Acosta V , Dequal D , Schiavon M , Montmerle-Bonnefois A , Lim C B , Conan J-M , Diamanti E 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Future quantum communication infrastructures will rely on both terrestrial and space-based links integrating high-performance optical systems engineered for this purpose. In space-based downlinks in particular, the loss budget and the variations in the signal propagation due to atmospheric turbulence effects impose a careful optimization of the coupling of light in single-mode fibers required for interfacing with the receiving stations and the ground networks. In this work, we perform a comprehensive study of the role of adaptive optics (AO) in this optimization, focusing on realistic baseline configurations of prepare-and-measure quantum key distribution, with both discrete and continuous-variable encoding, and including finite-size effects. Our analysis uses existing experimental turbulence datasets at both day and night time to model the coupled signal statistics following a wavefront distortion correction with AO, and allows us to estimate the secret key rate for a range of critical parameters, such as turbulence strength, satellite altitude and ground telescope diameter. The results we derive illustrate the interest of adopting advanced AO techniques in several practical configurations.
The effects of gravitational and magnetic fields on the propagation of cylindrical strong shock waves in a van der Waals gas
Authors: Anand R K , Singh Sewa 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The present study aims to investigate the effects of non-idealness parameter, gravitation and magnetic fields behind the flow of motion for cylindrical hydro-magnetic strong shock waves travelling through a tube of variable cross-section in a self-gravitating van der Waals gas. The analytical expressions of the flow variables for one-dimensional adiabatic flow behind the hydro-magnetic strong shock waves are obtained using Chester-Chisnell-Whitham’s (CCW) Method. The initial density distribution of the medium is assumed to be

ρ

0

=
ρ
'

r

−
w

where

ρ
'

is the density at the axis of symmetry,

w

is a constant and r is the distance from the axis of symmetry. The magnetic field, on the other hand, is assumed to have only constant axial and variable azimuthal components. Due to the presence of magnetic and gravitational fields, the uniform density distribution of the medium becomes non-uniform and this becomes an interesting fact to study. It is found that, all flow variables except the pressure rises with the shock propagation distance. It is also demonstrated that the gravitational and magnetic fields cause the numerical values of the flow variables to increase behind the shock wave. Further, research shows that even a small increase in the gravitational field increases the pressure behind the shock wave, whereas a small increase in the magnetic field has a little effect on it. Furthermore, it is found that the flow variables get strengthened behind the shock wave in comparison with ahead of the shock. The trends of the current findings are in good agreement with the existing experimental observations and results.
Enhancing the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of magnetocardiography by optimal channel selection for cardiac diagnosis
Authors: Kesavaraja C , Sengottuvel S , Patel Rajesh , Selvaraj Raja J , Satheesh Santhosh , Mani Awadhesh 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background. Magnetocardiography (MCG) is a non-invasive and non-contact technique that measures weak magnetic fields generated by the heart. It is highly effective in the diagnosis of heart abnormalities. Multichannel MCG provides detailed spatio-temporal information of the measured magnetic fields. While multichannel MCG systems are costly, usage of the optimal number of measurement channels to characterize cardiac magnetic fields without any appreciable loss of signal information would be economically beneficial and promote the widespread use of MCG technology. Methods. An optimization method based on the sequential selection approach is used to choose channels containing the maximum signal information while avoiding redundancy. The study comprised 40 healthy individuals, along with two subjects having ischemic heart disease and one subject with premature ventricular contraction. MCG measured using a 37 channel MCG system. After revisiting the existing methods of optimization, the mean error and correlation of the optimal set of measurement channels with those of all 37 channels are evaluated for different sets, and it has been found that 18 channels are adequate. Results. The chosen 18 optimal channels exhibited a strong correlation (0.99 ± 0.006) between the original and reconstructed magnetic field maps for a cardiac cycle in healthy subjects. The root mean square error is 0.295 pT, indicating minimal deviation. Conclusion. This selection method provides an efficient approach for choosing MCG, which could be used for minimizing the number of channels as well as in practical unforeseen measurement conditions where few channels are noisy during the measurement.
Measuring functional ability in Healthy Ageing: testing its validity using Japanese nationwide longitudinal data
Authors: Nishio Marisa , Haseda Maho , Inoue Kosuke , Saito Masashige , Kondo Naoki 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
The United Nations Decade of Healthy Ageing 2021–2030 suggests nations should monitor functional ability as an indicator of healthy ageing progress. Functional ability is the attribute of people to do something they value and consists of five domains. We examined its validity in terms of a construct, cross-validation across multiple waves’ data, and predictivity for subsequent well-being.

Methods
Using panel data from 35,093 community-dwelling adults aged ≥65 years from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study, we performed factor analyses to explore the construct of functional ability domains in both 2013 and 2016. A modified Poisson regression analysis was employed to test their associations with well-being (subjective health and happiness) in 2019.

Results
The mean age (standard deviation) of participants was 72.1 (5.0) years, and 52.0% were women. A total of 85.0% reported good subjective health, and 50.6% reported high happiness levels. Factor analyses with 31 logically checked candidate items from 2016 data suggested a three-factor model comprising 24 items, which were compatible with the 2013 data results. Based on the World Health Organization’s original domains, we named domains as domain #1: ability to build and maintain relationships; domain #2: ability to meet basic needs + ability to move around and domain #3: ability to learn, grow and make decisions + ability to contribute. All three domains predicted both subjective health and happiness in 2019.

Conclusions
Empirical data from Japan supports the functional ability concept among older individuals. Validating this concept with data from other nations is warranted.