bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enarthrocarpus lyratus‐based cytoplasmic male sterility and fertility restorer system in Brassica rapa
Authors: Deol J. S. , Shivanna K. R. , Prakash S. , Banga S. S. , Robbelen G. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractSubstituting the nuclear genome of Brassica rapa into the cytoplasmic background of Enarthrocarpus lyratus through backcross substitution helped in developing cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS). Alloplasmic male sterile plants had pale green leaves, small flowers with narrow petals and rudimentary anthers. Female fertility, low initially, improved considerably with advanced backcross generations. Male sterility expression was stable throughout the growing season. Except for EC 339014, all B. rapa accessions (38) evaluated were partial maintainers of the male sterility. Introgression of gene(s) for fertility restoration from the cytoplasm donor species was facilitated by homoeologous pairing between B. rapa and E. lyratus genomes, as was apparent from the very frequent occurrence of a trivalent in the monosomic addition plants (2n = 10 II + 1 I). Backcrossing of fertile monosomic addition plants with B. rapa led to the recovery of male fertile plants possessing the stable euploid chromosome number (2n = 20). These plants restored male fertility in crosses with different (lyr) CMS B. rapa genotypes, confirming the introgression of fertility restorer gene(s) from E. lyratus, the cytoplasm donor species.
Effects of the 7DL.7Ag translocation from Lophopyrum elongatum on wheat yield and related morphophysiological traits under different environments
Authors: Monneveux P. , Reynolds M. P. , Aguilar J. González , Singh R. P. , Weber W. E. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe 7DL.7Ag translocation from Lophopyrum elongatum that carries Lr19, a leaf rust resistance gene, was found to be associated with a significant increase in grain yield under irrigated, disease‐free conditions, but a generally lower yield under moisture stress conditions. These studies, however, involved a limited number of genetic recipients and environments, and the effect of the translocation on physiological traits was not considered. We examined the translocation effect in six different recipient genotypes and under five environmental conditions, including drought and heat stress. The increase in grain yield under irrigated conditions was associated with a higher rate of biomass production in the 7DL.7Ag lines and may be attributed to higher sink strength. Effect of the translocation on physiological traits was noted only under heat stress and was not associated with difference in yield. Under moisture stress conditions, 7DL.7Ag lines yielded less than their corresponding recipients, possibly because of a longer growing cycle. It is concluded that the effect of the 7DL. 7Ag translocation may very much depend on the phenological adaptation of the recipient genotype and the translocation may be useful for enhancing yield, mainly under favourable conditions.
Chromosome pairing in haploid plants of radish derived from alien monosomic addition lines
Authors: Kaneko Y. , Bang S. W. , Torii‐Abe J. , Eduardo R. B. , Matsuzawa Y. , Jung C. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractSix haploid plants of radish were obtained via alien monosomic addition lines (2n = 19). One plant was derived from anther culture of an Raphanus sativus‐Brassica oleracea addition line, one plant from the selected smaller seed of an R. sativus‐Sinapis arvensis addition line and four plants from an R. sativus‐B. rapa addition line. During metaphase I of pollen mother cells, two plants exhibited the chromosome pairing of (0‐3)II+ (3‐9)I, three showed (0‐1)III + (0‐3)II + (3‐9)I and the remaining plant (0‐2)II + (5‐9)I. Trivalents seemed to be formed by the pairing between two larger chromosomes and the smaller one with somewhat loose pairing. All haploid plants were inferior to the radish cv. ‘Shogoin’ (2n = 18) with respect to vegetative growth. Their flowers were smaller, with sterile pollen grains, but a few normal flowers with fertile pollen sporadically developed and then produced a few seeds. It is suggested that the radish genome (R, n = 9) might comprise three pairs of homoeologous chromosomes, with the remaining three chromosomes carrying the homologous region(s) that results in a trivalent formation.
Resistance of almond cultivars to Plum pox virus (sharka)
Authors: Rubio M. , Martínez‐Gómez P. , Dicenta F. , Weber W. E. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractSharka, a disease caused by Plum pox virus (PPV), mainly affects some Prunus species, including apricot, peach and plum, and to a lesser degree, sweet cherry and sour cherry. In almond, different PPV isolates have been transmitted experimentally to the ‘Aï’ cultivar. In this study, the resistance of 10 almond cultivars to a Dideron PPV isolate was evaluated in controlled conditions by grafting the cultivars on to inoculated GF305 peach rootstocks. The results demonstrated a high level of resistance to PPV in all the almond cultivars assayed. They did not show any symptoms and were ELISA and RT‐PCR negative, despite the strong symptoms observed in their GF305 rootstocks. The implications of these results for the dispersion of PPV, and the potential role of almond as a source of resistance to PPV in other Prunus species such as peach, are also discussed.
Bud pollination and hybrid seed production in detergent‐induced male sterile plants of Brassica juncea
Authors: Singh V. , Chauhan S. V. S. , Chevre A.M. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe efficacy of a synthetic detergent (Surf Excel) as a potential chemical hybridizing agent in Brassica juncea was studied. Foliar sprays with various concentrations of the detergent caused reductions in plant height, number of branches and leaves per plant, size of leaves, anther size, pollen per flower, ovules per flower, pollen fertility, fruits per plant, fruit size, seeds per fruit, total yield per plant and 100 seed weight as compared with those of untreated plants. The style in the floral buds of plants sprayed with different concentrations of Surf Excel elongated and so the receptive stigma protruded from the buds which facilitated cross‐pollination by honey bees. The plants sprayed once with 2% Surf Excel exhibited an elongated style with a raised receptive stigma and 100% pollen sterility without causing a significant reduction in total yield.
Inheritance of reduced plant height in the sunflower line Dw 89
Authors: Velasco L. , Pérez‐Vich B. , Muñoz‐Ruz J. , Fernández‐Martínez J. M. , Friedt W. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe objective of the present research was to study the inheritance of reduced plant height in the sunflower line Dw 89. Plants of the cytoplasmic male sterile version of this line, cmsDw 89 (mean plant height of 47.4 cm) were crossed with plants of the restorer line RHA 271 (mean of 120.9 cm). F1 plants averaged 120.4 cm, which indicated dominance of standard over reduced plant height. F2 plants followed a segregation pattern of 1 : 15 (reduced : normal height), suggesting that reduced plant height in Dw 89 is controlled by alleles at two loci, designated Dw1 and Dw2. Class assignment in the F2 was confirmed through the evaluation of the F3 generation. Backcrosses to Dw 89 segregated with 1 : 3 (reduced : normal height) ratios, which confirmed the digenic inheritance of the trait. The evaluation of plant height distributions in F3 families suggested possible genetic interaction between the Dw1 and Dw2 loci.
Fluorescence in situ hybridization polymorphism using two repetitive DNA clones in different cultivars of wheat
Authors: Schneider A. , Linc G. , Molnár‐Láng M. , Graner A. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractTwenty‐two wheat cultivars and a wheat line were analysed with two‐colour fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using the pSc119.2 and pAs1 repetitive DNA clones to detect if polymorphism could be observed in the hybridization patterns of different wheat cultivars. The FISH hybridization pattern of ‘Chinese Spring’ was compared with wheat cultivars of different origins. Differences were observed in the hybridization patterns of chromosomes 4A, 5A, 1B, 2B, 3B, 5B, 6B, 7B, 1D, 2D, 3D and 4D. Although a low level of polymorphism exists in the FISH pattern of different wheat cultivars, it is possible to identify 17 pairs of chromosomes according to their hybridization patterns with these two probes. This study will help to predict the expected variation in the FISH pattern when analysing wheat genetic stocks of different origin. It is presumed that variation in hybridization patterns are caused by chromosome structural rearrangements and by differences in the amount and location of repetitive sequences in the cultivars analysed.
Molecular marker analysis of kernel size and shape in bread wheat
Authors: Dholakia B. B. , Ammiraju J. S. S. , Singh H. , Lagu M. D. , Röder M. S. , Rao V. S. , Dhaliwal H. S. , Ranjekar P. K. , Gupta V. S. , Weber W. E. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe economic value of wheat grain is determined by the kernel morphology which is an important parameter for manufacturing different food products requiring specific grain characteristics. Although kernel size and shape have emerged as important breeding objectives, not much information is available about the number or location of associated gene(s)/quantitative trait loci. In the present study, a recombinant inbred line population of 106 plants (F7) was phenotyped for four traits, namely kernel length, width, weight and factor form density (FFD) and genotyped with different polymerase chain reaction‐based markers. Transgressive segregants were observed for all the traits and genetic correlation studies showed positive correlations between the majority of the traits. The number of markers associated with each trait ranged from two to nine and the phenotypic contribution by an individual marker ranged from 3.3 to 16.6%. Many of the markers showed linkage to more than one trait. Strategies for improving the wheat grain quality traits and the utility of such markers in marker‐assisted selection (MAS) efforts are discussed.
Loperamide increases glucose ultilization in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats
Authors: Tzeng TF , Liu IM , Lai TY , Tsai CC , Chang WC , Cheng JT 
Published: October 2003

Summary1. Loperamide has an ability to lower the plasma glucose concentration in streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced diabetic rats. In the present study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms by which loperamide regulates plasma glucose concentrations in the absence of insulin.2. Loperamide, at a dose sufficient (17.6 µg/kg) to activate µ‐opioid receptors, significantly decreased plasma glucose levels in STZ‐diabetic rats. The mRNA and protein levels of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT‐4) in soleus muscle, detected by northern and western blotting, respectively, were increased after repeated intravenous administration of loperamide (17.6 µg/kg) to STZ‐diabetic rats over 3 days. Moreover, similar treatment with loperamide (17.6 µg/kg) for 3 days reversed the elevated mRNA and protein levels of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) in the liver of STZ‐diabetic rats to near the levels seen in normal rats.3. These results suggest that activation of µ‐opioid receptors by loperamide can increase glucose utilization in peripheral tissues and/or reverse the higher gene expression of PEPCK to inhibit hepatic gluconeogenesis, thereby lower plasma glucose in diabetic rats lacking insulin.
Spironolactone prevents cardiac collagen proliferation after myocardial infarction in rats
Authors: Mill José Geraldo , Milanez Maria da Conceição , Resende Micheline Monteiro de , Gomes Maria da Glória S , Leite Cláudia Mendes 
Published: October 2003

Summary1. Aldosterone has been considered a key hormone in the regulation of water, sodium and potassium metabolism, thus influencing blood pressure regulation. More recently, several studies have demonstrated that aldosterone is also produced in extra‐adrenal tissues (e.g. the heart), suggesting a paracrine effect for aldosterone, such as to increase collagen synthesis in the heart.2. Because aldosterone production in the heart increases after myocardial infarction (MI), we investigated the effect of chronic administration of spironolactone, an aldosterone receptor antagonist, in rats after MI compared with the effects produced by losartan and hydralazine.3. Myocardial infarction was produced in male Wistar rats by surgical ligature of the left coronary artery. Sham‐operated animals were used as controls.4. Spironolactone (20 mg/kg per day), losartan (15 mg/kg per day) or hydralazine (20 µg/kg per day) were administered after MI and used for 1 month.5. At the end of the treatment period, animals underwent haemodynamic recording (arterial and intraventricular pressures). The collagen content of the heart was evaluated by measuring the hydroxyproline (OH‐Pro) concentration in right (RV) and left ventricle (LV) muscle fragments.6. Infarct size was unaffected by drug treatments. The increased LV end‐diastolic pressure observed in MI rats was prevented by losartan and remained unchanged following administration of spironolactone or hydralazine.7. Losartan prevented RV and LV hypertrophy, as well as collagen proliferation in both ventricles, after MI. The postinfarction hypertrophy observed in RV and LV after MI remained unchanged in infarcted groups treated with spironolactone or hydralazine.8. The OH‐Pro concentration was significantly reduced in LV muscle in the MI group treated with spironolactone (682 ± 40 vs 557 ± 21 µg/g for MI vs MI + spironolactone, respectively; P < 0.05), an effect not observed in the hydralazine‐treated group.9. These data suggest that spironolactone prevents collagen proliferation in the surviving myocardium by mechanisms independent of the loading conditions of the heart chambers. Control of postinfarction hypertrophy and collagen accumulation produced by losartan seems to depend on the reduction in loading conditions of the heart chambers.
Hydrochlorothiazide abolishes the anti‐atherosclerotic effect of quinapril
Authors: Fonseca FAH , Ihara SSM , Izar MCO , Silva EP , Kasinski N , Lopes IEL , Pinto LESA , Paiva TB , Tufik S , De Paola AAV , Carvalho ACC 
Published: October 2003

Summary1. Antihypertensive treatment has been demonstrated to result in persistent reductions in morbidity and mortality due to stroke. However, the coronary risk attributable to hypertension has been only partially reversed. We hypothesized that diuretics could have unfavourable effects on atherosclerosis.2. New Zealand rabbits were fed a 0.5% cholesterol‐enriched diet for 12 weeks, followed by a 0.1% cholesterol diet for another 12 weeks. During the last 12 week period, 40 animals were randomly assigned to one of four groups: (i) group I was the control group; (ii) group II received hydrochlorothiazide (10 mg/day); (iii) group III received quinapril (30 mg/day); and (iv) group IV was treated with hydrochlorothiazide (10 mg/day) plus quinapril (30 mg/day).3. The treatments did not affect either the lipid profile or serum electrolytes and oxidative stress. However, endothelium‐dependent vasorelaxation in isolated aortic rings was significantly improved with quinapril (group III) treatment (P < 0.001 vs other groups). In addition, therapy with quinapril promoted a significant reduction in atherosclerosis (intima area, intima/media ratio and perimeter of vessel with plaque; P < 0.05 vs other groups), as well as in cholesterol content of the aorta (P < 0.05 vs groups II and IV).4. In conclusion, hydrochlorothiazide did not modify atherosclerosis and, when added to quinapril treatment, impaired the anti‐atherosclerotic effect seen with quinapril alone.
Different remodelling against left ventricular overload between diabetic and non‐diabetic haemodialysis patients
Authors: Nishimura Masato , Hashimoto Tetsuya , Kobayashi Hiroyuki , Fukukda Toyofumi , Okino Koji , Yamamoto Noriyuki , Nakamura Naoto , Yoshikawa Toshikazu , Takahashi Hakuo , Ono Toshihiko 
Published: October 2003

Summary1. Diabetes mellitus is significantly associated with the occurrence of congestive heart failure in end‐stage renal disease patients undergoing maintenance haemodialysis. In the present study, we asked whether the left ventricular remodelling against sustained pressure and/or volume overload to the left ventricle may be different between diabetic and non‐diabetic haemodialysis patients.2. Left ventricular parameters, including left ventricular mass index (LVMI), interventricular septal wall thickness (IVST) and relative left ventricular wall thickness (rLVWT), were assessed in 486 patients receiving maintenance haemodialysis (145 diabetic and 341 non‐diabetic patients) using transthoracic echocardiography. Plasma concentrations of B‐type natriuretic peptide (BNP), measured with an immunoradiometric assay, were used as a humoral parameter indicating left ventricular wall stress.3. In non‐diabetic patients, the plasma BNP concentration correlated with LVMI (r = 0.245; P = 0.0001), IVST (r = 0.250; P = 0.0001) and rLVWT (r = 0.149; P = 0.006). Furthermore, LVMI was correlated with mean blood pressure and pulse pressure and IVST and rLVWT were correlated with pulse pressure.4. In contrast, none of the measured factors was correlated with LVMI and IVST in diabetic patients. Plasma BNP concentrations were positively correlated with end‐systolic and end‐diastolic left intraventricular dimensions and were inversely correlated with rLVWT and left ventricular fractional shortening in diabetic patients, but not in non‐diabetic patients.5. In conclusion, a sustained increase in left ventricular wall stress is likely to elicit eccentric left ventricular remodelling in diabetic haemodialysis patients, whereas it causes concentric left ventricular remodelling in non‐diabetic haemodialysis patients. This difference in left ventricular remodelling against left ventricular overload may be associated with the high incidence of congestive heart failure in diabetic haemodialysis patients.
Attachment ability of the beetle Chrysolina fastuosa on various plant surfaces
Authors: Gorb E.V. , Gorb S.N. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractTo study the role of different structures of a plant surface preventing insect attachment, a variety of plant surfaces were screened. Attachment ability of the beetle Chrysolina fastuosa Scop. (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) was measured on 99 surfaces among them smooth, hairy, felt‐like, waxy, and glandular ones of three plant organs (stems, leaves, fruits) of 83 plant species belonging to 45 families. Insects attached successfully to smooth, hairy, and felt‐like substrata. These surface types did not effect the further attachment of C. fastuosa, indicating the adhesive system remained intact after contacting these substrata. However, the beetles could not attach properly to surfaces covered with wax crystalloids or glandular hairs. In most experiments on pruinose plant substrata, no influence of the surfaces on the subsequent attachment ability of insects was observed. Only in one case (the stem of Acer negundo), was such an impairment recorded, but recovery of attachment ability was fast. Crystalloids of this plant species probably temporarily disable function of tenent setae of C. fastuosa. Four hypotheses, explaining anti‐adhesive properties of plant surfaces, covered with wax crystalloids are proposed. A plant surface with glandular trichomes disabled the attachment system of the beetle for a long time. Secretions of trichomes probably glue tenent setae together making further attachment impossible.
Glandular trichomes on perennial alfalfa affect host‐selection behavior of Empoasca fabae
Authors: Ranger Christopher M. , Hower Arthur A. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractSelected behavior of Empoasca fabae (Harris) (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) was examined to elucidate resistance of commercially‐available glandular‐haired alfalfa to this key forage pest. The overall objective was to assess the effects of the glandular trichomes on the behavior of nymphs and adults. Studies of host‐plant acceptance by E. fabae nymphs found first and third instars to show a higher degree of change in settling location on the glandular‐haired FGplh13 alfalfa than on the nonglandular P5373 alfalfa. Nymphs also cleaned their tarsi more frequently when in contact with the glandular trichomes on FGplh13 alfalfa, and in addition a larger number of nymphs jumped/fell off the surface of FGplh13 alfalfa. The glandular trichomes on FGplh13 also impeded nymphal mobility more effectively than the nonglandular trichomes on P5373. No choice, time‐course analysis of adult host‐plant acceptance behavior found that adults settled less frequently on FGplh13 alfalfa with the glandular trichomes intact, than on either FGplh13 with the glandular trichomes removed, or P5373 alfalfa with the nonglandular trichomes intact or removed. Free choice, time‐course analysis of adult host‐preference behavior determined that at each observation, stems of the nonglandular P5373 alfalfa were preferred over FGplh13 alfalfa. Similarly, at each observation, stems of FGplh13 alfalfa with the glandular trichomes removed were preferred over FGplh13 with the glandular trichomes intact. These data provide additional evidence for the localization of a resistance factor in the glandular trichomes of FGplh13 alfalfa. An antixenotic resistance mechanism also appears to be present, which may function, in part, through a tactile avenue.
Variation in encapsulation sensitivity of Cotesia sesamiae biotypes to Busseola fusca
Authors: Mochiah Moses B. , Ngi‐Song Adele J. , Overholt William A. , Stouthamer Richard 
Published: October 2003

AbstractMany braconid wasp species inject polydnaviruses to overcome their host's immune system. In the species Cotesia sesamiae, two biotypes exist that differ in their ability to develop in the host Busseola fusca. The biotype from coastal Kenya is infected with Wolbachia and is not able to develop in larvae of B. fusca, whereas the uninfected inland biotype of this wasp can develop in B. fusca. The genetic transmission of the developmental ability was studied through a series of genetic crosses and superparasitization experiments. The Wolbachia infection of the coastal type did not play a role in the encapsulation response of the host. Experiments show that the polydnaviruses of the wasps could not prevent the encapsulation of the coastal parasitoid eggs. Most likely, larval characteristics such as surface proteins played a more important role in the encapsulation response of the host even in the presence of a functional polydnavirus.
Role of visual stimuli in host and mate location of the Colorado potato beetle
Authors: Szentesi Á. , Weber D.C. , Jermy T. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractVisual responses of adult male and female Colorado potato beetles CPB, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) to 10 × 20 cm coloured paper‐boards, beetle‐sized coloured beads or dead CPB, and to combinations of these in laboratory experiments in an arena of 52 cm diameter were investigated. In addition, visual discriminatory abilities of males exposed to female‐specific substances were also measured. The paths of the beetles were recorded on videotape by a computer‐aided motion detection system. Parameters of tracks were calculated and the tape‐recorded paths were further processed for behavioural analyses and for obtaining mean angular directions by circular statistics. Both sexes showed a strong preference for yellow‐black striped, yellow and light‐green boards and, to a lesser degree, were also attracted to yellow‐green, dark‐green, red and white boards, to beetle‐sized beads coloured either black or yellow‐black striped, and to some combinations of these. Males exposed to female substances immediately prior to entering the arena performed significantly more successful approaches to objects than did males of the control group. These results corroborate field observations on males' mate‐searching behaviour and increase our understanding of natural host‐ and mate‐finding processes.