bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MXene‐Mediated Catalytic Redox Reactions for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Wu Chenyao , Xia Lili , Feng Wei , Chen Yu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractReactive oxygen species (ROS) play a crucial role in orchestrating a myriad of physiological processes within living systems. With the advent of materdicine, an array of nanomaterials has been intricately engineered to influence the redox equilibrium in biological milieus, thereby pioneering a distinctive therapeutic paradigm predicated on ROS‐centric biochemistry. Among these, two‐dimensional carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides, collectively known as MXenes, stand out due to their multi‐valent and multi‐elemental compositions, large surface area, high conductivity, and pronounced local surface plasmon resonance effects, positioning them as prominent contributors in ROS modulation. This review aims to provide an overview of the advancements in harnessing MXenes for catalytic redox reactions in various biological applications, including tumor, anti‐infective, and anti‐inflammatory therapies. The emphasis lies on elucidating the therapeutic mechanism of MXenes, involving both pro‐oxidation and anti‐oxidation processes, underscoring the redox‐related therapeutic applications facilitated by self‐catalysis, photo‐excitation, and sono‐excitation properties of MXenes. Furthermore, this review highlights the existing challenges and outlines future development trends in leveraging MXenes for ROS‐involving disease treatments, marking a significant step towards the integration of these nanomaterials into clinical practice.
Construction of Double‐enzyme Complexes with DNA Framework Nanorulers for Improving Enzyme Cascade Catalytic Efficiency
Authors: Cao Nan , Wang Shaopeng , Li Fan , Mao Xiuhai , Zuo Xiaolei , Zhang Yueyue , Li Min 
Published: February 2024

AbstractEfficient biocatalytic cascade reactions play a crucial role in guiding intricate, specific and selective intracellular transformation processes. However, the catalytic activity of the enzyme cascade reaction in bulk solution was greatly impacted by the spatial morphology and inter‐enzyme distance. The programmability and addressability nature of framework nucleic acid (FNA) allows to be used as scaffold for immobilization and to direct the spatial arrangement of enzyme cascade molecules. Here, we used tetrahedral DNA framework (TDF) as nanorulers to assemble two enzymes for constructing a double‐enzyme complex, which significantly enhance the catalytic efficiency of sarcosine oxidase (SOx)/horseradish peroxidase (HRP) cascade system. We synthesized four types of TDF nanorulers capable of programming the lateral distance between enzymes from 5.67 nm to 12.33 nm. Enzymes were chemical modified by ssDNA while preserving most catalytic activity. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to verify the formation of double‐enzyme complex. Four types of double‐enzyme complexes with different enzyme distance were constructed, in which TDF26(SOx+HRP) exhibited the highest relative enzyme cascade catalytic activity, ~3.11‐fold of free‐state enzyme. Importantly, all the double‐enzyme complexes demonstrate a substantial improvement in enzyme cascade catalytic activity compared to free enzymes.
Fault section location in resonant grounding distribution systems based on feature subset optimization of phase current variation
Authors: Bai Hao , Chen Mu‐Yan , Guo Mou‐Fa , Liu Yi‐Peng , Gao Jian‐Hong 
Published: February 2024

SummaryThe existing single‐phase grounding (SPG) fault section location methods typically suffer from difficulty in feature selection, limited feeder terminal units (FTUs) configuration, and excessive dependence on communication, which weaken their generalization and robustness. To overcome these challenges, an SPG fault section location approach based on feature subset optimization is proposed. First, the relation between the position of FTU and its three‐phase current variation is analyzed, and its fault features are extracted to construct the candidate feature sets as feature subset optimization objects. Then, genetic algorithm and support vector machine (SVM) are combined to select the optimal feature subset with small dimensions and recognition error, which avoids the empirical errors of artificial feature selection. To reduce the cumulative errors, the SVM hyperparameters are simultaneously optimized. Finally, the SVM model is trained based on the optimal feature subset and hyperparameters. In the absence of zero‐sequence current measurement, three‐phase currents measured by FTU are locally processed to locate the fault section by the trained SVM. The experimental results verified the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method.
Blockade of V‐domain immunoglobulin suppressor of T‐cell activation reprograms tumour‐associated macrophages and improves efficacy of PD‐1 inhibitor in gastric cancer
Authors: Cao Yifan , Yu Kuan , Zhang Zihao , Gu Yun , Gu Yichao , Li Wandi , Zhang Weijuan , Shen Zhenbin , Xu Jiejie , Qin Jing 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackground and aimsIn gastric cancer, the response rate of programmed cell death protein‐1 (PD‐1) inhibitor is far from satisfactory, indicating additional nonredundant pathways might hamper antitumour immunity. V‐domain immunoglobulin suppressor of T‐cell activation (VISTA) has been reported in several malignancies as a novel immune‐checkpoint. Nevertheless, the role of VISTA in gastric cancer still remains obscure. Our purpose is to explore the clinical significance and potential mechanism of VISTA in affecting gastric cancer patients’ survival and immunotherapeutic responsiveness.MethodsOur study recruited eight independent cohorts with a total of 1403 gastric cancer patients. Immunohistochemistry, multiplex immunofluorescence, flow cytometry or intracellular flow cytometry, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, fluorescence‐activated cell sorting, magnetic‐activated cell sorting, smart‐seq2, in vitro cell co‐culture and ex vivo tumour inhibition assays were applied to investigate the clinical significance and potential mechanism of VISTA in gastric cancer.ResultsVISTA was predominantly expressed on tumour‐associated macrophages (TAMs), and indicated poor clinical outcomes and inferior immunotherapeutic responsiveness. VISTA+ TAMs showed a mixed phenotype. Co‐culture of TAMs and CD8+ T cells indicated that VISTA+ TAMs attenuated effective function of CD8+ T cells. Blockade of VISTA reprogrammed TAMs to a proinflammatory phenotype, reactivated CD8+ T cells and promoted apoptosis of tumour cells. Moreover, blockade of VISTA could also enhance the efficacy of PD‐1 inhibitor, suggesting that blockade of VISTA might synergise with PD‐1 inhibitor in gastric cancer.ConclusionsOur data revealed that VISTA was an immune‐checkpoint associated with immunotherapeutic resistance. Blockade of VISTA reprogrammed TAMs, promoted T‐cell‐mediated antitumour immunity, and enhanced efficacy of PD‐1 inhibitor, which might have implications in the treatment of gastric cancer.
Dual interactive Wasserstein generative adversarial networks optimized with hybrid Archimedes optimization and chimp optimization algorithm‐based channel estimation in OFDM
Authors: Mydhili S. K. 
Published: February 2024

SummaryDual interactive Wasserstein generative adversarial networks optimized with hybrid Archimedes optimization and chimp optimization algorithm‐based channel estimation in OFDM (DiWGAN‐Hyb AOA‐COA‐MIMO‐OFDM) is proposed in this manuscript. In OFDM, there is a non‐stationary channel physical appearance during channel estimation (CE). Therefore in this work, Hyb AOA‐COA is employed to enhance the DiWGAN weight parameters. The proposed DiWGAN‐Hyb AOA‐COA‐MIMO‐OFDM technique is executed in network simulator (NS2) tool. The proposed technique attains lower computational cost 99.67%, 92.34%, and 97.45%; lesser bit error rate 98.33%, 83.12%, and 88.96%; and lesser mean square error 93.15%, 79.90%, and 92.88% compared with existing methods, like MIMO‐OFDM system using deep neural network and MN‐based improved AMO model (DNN‐IAMO‐MIMO‐OFDM), MIMO‐OFDM systems using the deep learning and optimization (RBFNN‐PSO‐MIMO‐OFDM), and MIMO‐OFDM systems using hybrid neural network (HNN‐CSI‐MIMO‐OFDM) respectively.
Effective modeling of metasurface‐loaded circularly polarized dielectric resonator‐based MIMO antenna for sub‐6.0‐GHz band using machine learning algorithms
Authors: Pachori Khushboo , Prakash Amit , Kumar Nagendra 
Published: February 2024

SummaryIn this article, a dual‐port dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) is modeled using machine learning (ML) algorithms, that is, deep neural network (DNN), random forest, and XGBoost. The unique properties of the proposed article are as follows: (i) Two different diversity techniques, that is, pattern (with the help of metallic wall) and polarization (mirror image of the aperture), improve the isolation value between the ports; (ii) ML algorithms are used to optimize and predict the reflection coefficient as well as mutual coupling of the proposed antenna. The accuracy of ML algorithms is verified by using the HFSS EM simulator and experimental validation. Error is less than 1%–2% between the value predicted from ML algorithms and HFSS/experimental results. The proposed design is working well in between 2.4 and 4.02 GHz with a 3‐dB axial ratio from 2.84 to 2.95 GHz. All these features make the radiator employable to the sub‐6.0‐GHz frequency band.
Synthesis, characterization, molecular modeling studies, and biological evaluation of metal piroxicam complexes (M = Ni(II), Pt(IV), Pd(II), Ag(I)) as antibacterial and anticancer agents
Authors: Soliman Aya M. , El‐sagheir Ahmed M. K. , Thabet Momen M. , Abdel Hakiem Ahmed Faried , Aboraia Ahmed S. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFour piroxicam metal complexes; NiL2, PtL2, PdL2, and AgL were synthesized and characterized by different techniques with enhanced antibacterial and anticancer activity. Regarding in vitro antimicrobial activity, complex NiL2 displayed potent antibacterial effect against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa that was 1.9‐folds higher than piroxicam (minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] = 31.85, 65.32 µM), respectively. In case of G+ve bacteria, complex PtL2 had potent activity on Staphylococcus aureus which was 2.1‐folds higher than piroxicam (MIC = 43.12 µM), while activity of complex AgL against Enterococcus faecalis was threefolds higher than piroxicam (MIC = 74.57 µM. Complexes PtL2 and PdL2 exhibited higher inhibition of DNA gyrase than piroxicam (IC50 = 6.21 µM) in the range of 1.9–1.7‐folds. The in vitro antiproliferative activity depicted that all investigated complexes showed better cytotoxic effect than piroxicam, specifically Pt and Pd complexes which had lower IC50 values than piroxicam on human liver cancer cell line HepG2 by 1.8 and 1.7‐folds, respectively. While Pd and Ag complexes showed 2 and 1.6‐folds better effect on human colon cancer cell line HT‐29 compared with piroxicam. Molecular modeling studies including docking on Stranded DNA Duplex (1juu) and DNA gyrase enzyme (1kzn) that gave good insight about interaction of complexes with target molecules, calculation of electrostatic potential map and global reactivity descriptors were performed.
Create inclusive content with accessibility tools
Authors: Talarico Donna 
Published: February 2024

When you create social media graphics, downloadable lead magnets, new academic program pages for your website, and email newsletters, are you keeping accessibility in mind? I certainly hope so. It's not only required by federal law for many colleges and universities, but it's also simply the right thing to do — and will most likely lead to a better experience for all, not just students with disabilities.
Body mass, temperature, and pathogen intensity differentially affect critical thermal maxima and their population‐level variation in a solitary bee
Authors: Jones Laura J. , Miller Douglas A. , Schilder Rudolf J. , López‐Uribe Margarita M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractClimate change presents a major threat to species distribution and persistence. Understanding what abiotic or biotic factors influence the thermal tolerances of natural populations is critical to assessing their vulnerability under rapidly changing thermal regimes. This study evaluates how body mass, local climate, and pathogen intensity influence heat tolerance and its population‐level variation (SD) among individuals of the solitary bee Xenoglossa pruinosa. We assess the sex‐specific relationships between these factors and heat tolerance given the differences in size between sexes and the ground‐nesting behavior of the females. We collected X. pruinosa individuals from 14 sites across Pennsylvania, USA, that varied in mean temperature, precipitation, and soil texture. We measured the critical thermal maxima (CTmax) of X. pruinosa individuals as our proxy for heat tolerance and used quantitative PCR to determine relative intensities of three parasite groups—trypanosomes, Spiroplasma apis (mollicute bacteria), and Vairimorpha apis (microsporidian). While there was no difference in CTmax between the sexes, we found that CTmax increased significantly with body mass and that this relationship was stronger for males than for females. Air temperature, precipitation, and soil texture did not predict mean CTmax for either sex. However, population‐level variation in CTmax was strongly and negatively correlated with air temperature, which suggests that temperature is acting as an environmental filter. Of the parasites screened, only trypanosome intensity correlated with heat tolerance. Specifically, trypanosome intensity negatively correlated with the CTmax of female X. pruinosa but not males. Our results highlight the importance of considering size, sex, and infection status when evaluating thermal tolerance traits. Importantly, this study reveals the need to evaluate trends in the variation of heat tolerance within and between populations and consider implications of reduced variation in heat tolerance for the persistence of ectotherms in future climate conditions.
eDNA metabarcoding reveals riverine fish community structure and climate associations in northeastern Canada
Authors: Crowley Samantha E. , Bentzen Paul , Kess Tony , Duffy Steven J. , Messmer Amber M. , Watson Beth , Dempson J. Brian , Keefe Donald G. , Perry Robert C. , Marquis Benjamin , Hajibabaei Mehrdad , Fahner Nicole , Berghuis Lesley , Hobrecker Kerry , Bradbury Ian R. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractClimate change is a critical threat to northern freshwater ecosystems, yet many remote areas are data deficient in terms of biodiversity information. Generating community composition data through collection of environmental DNA (eDNA) is less labor‐intensive than traditional sampling methods and is being increasingly used in areas that have been historically difficult to sample such as northern freshwater habitats. Here, we employed eDNA metabarcoding using three mitochondrial markers at 174 coastal river sites, sampled over three years (2019–2021) across a broad region in northeastern North America, Newfoundland and Labrador. We characterized current riverine fish community composition, compared it to traditional sampling records, and quantified the influence of climate on variation in fish community composition. The analysis detected 33 fish species across the region (1–13 per location), including three non‐native species, as well as several new possible range expansions. Variance partitioning with redundancy analysis indicated ~56% of the variation in community composition could be explained by spatial and climate factors (~21% and ~7%, respectively, with an additional ~28% shared). A temporal comparison across a subset of locations with both eDNA and historical records (1965–1985) revealed that more species were detected on average with eDNA sampling, and that sampling method explained a small portion of the variation (~4%) in comparison with space (~10%) and climate (~7%). Ultimately, this work is the most complete survey of freshwater and diadromous fishes present in Newfoundland and Labrador to date, highlights new detections of non‐native species including previously unknown diversity for the region, and provides future direction for the application of eDNA analysis in northern riverine habitats.
Plank exercise improves respiratory capacity through positive changes in body composition, abdominis function, and autonomic nerves' activities
Authors: Park Sihwa , Kim Young‐Chul , Jee Yong‐Seok 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis research aimed to explore the impact of plank exercise training (PET) on respiratory function, body composition, abdominis performance, and autonomic nervous system (ANS). Sixty‐one young adults participated and were divided into a control group (CG, n = 31) and an exercise group (EG, n = 30), wherein PET was administered 3 days per week for 12 weeks. After the experiment, the body composition of the CG deteriorated, whereas that of the EG improved (p < 0.001). The EG exhibited a reduction of ∼34% in the mean maximum displacement and a rise of ∼20% in the mean contraction time of the abdominis. The sit‐up in the EG demonstrated a significant increase of ∼55%. In the EG, there was a substantial increase in peak expiratory force by ∼24% and forced expiratory volume in 1 s by ∼14%, accompanied by a reduction in resting respiratory rate by ∼ −9%. When compared to the CG, these alterations were significant between the two groups (p = 0.001). In the EG, there was a significant decrease in resting heart rate by ∼2%, accompanied by a decrease in sympathetic nervous activity by ∼ −5% and by an increase in parasympathetic nervous activity by ∼5%. When compared to the CG, these alterations were significant between the two groups (p = 0.001). The findings of this study revealed that implementing PET in young adults, while controlling for dietary intake and physical activity, resulted in noteworthy changes in respiratory capacity. These changes were coupled with improvements in body composition, abdominal functions, and the ANS.
Work productivity, quality of life, and care needs: An unfolding epilepsy burden revealed in the Australian Epilepsy Project pilot study
Authors: Marquina Clara , Foster Emma , Chen Zhibin , Vaughan David N. , Abbott David F. , Tailby Chris , Jackson Graeme D. , Kwan Patrick , Ademi Zanfina ,   for the Australian Epilepsy Project
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectiveEpilepsy is a common and serious neurological disorder. This cross‐sectional analysis addresses the burden of epilepsy at different stages of the disease.MethodsThis pilot study is embedded within the Australian Epilepsy Project (AEP), aiming to provide epilepsy support through a national network of dedicated sites. For this analysis, adults aged 18–65 years with first unprovoked seizure (FUS), newly diagnosed epilepsy (NDE), or drug‐resistant epilepsy (DRE) were recruited between February–August 2022. Baseline clinicodemographic data were collected from the participants who completed questionnaires to assess their quality of life (QOLIE‐31, EQ‐5D‐5L), work productivity (Work Productivity and Activity Impairment [WPAI]), and care needs. Univariate analysis and multivariate regression was performed.Results172 participants formed the study cohort (median age 34, interquartile range [IQR]: 26–45), comprising FUS (n = 44), NDE (n = 53), and DRE (n = 75). Mean QOLIE‐31 score was 56 (standard deviation [SD] ± 18) and median EQ‐5D‐5L score was 0.77 (IQR: 0.56–0.92). QOLIE‐31 but not EQ‐5D‐5L scores were significantly lower in the DRE group compared to FUS and NDE groups (p < 0.001). Overall, 64.5% of participants participated in paid work, with fewer DRE (52.0%) compared with FUS (76.7%) and NDE (72.5%) (p < 0.001). Compared to those not in paid employment, those in paid employment had significantly higher quality of life scores (p < 0.001). Almost 5.8% of participants required formal care (median 20 h/week, IQR: 12–55) and 17.7% required informal care (median 16 h/week, IQR: 7–101).SignificanceEpilepsy is associated with a large burden in terms of quality of life, productivity and care needs.Plain Language SummaryThis is a pilot study from the Australian Epilepsy Project (AEP). It reports health economic data for adults of working age who live with epilepsy. It found that people with focal drug‐resistant epilepsy had lower quality of life scores and were less likely to participate in paid employment compared to people with new diagnosis epilepsy. This study provides important local data regarding the burden of epilepsy and will help researchers in the future to measure the impact of the AEP on important personal and societal health economic outcomes.
Towards the net zero carbon future: A review of blockchain‐enabled peer‐to‐peer carbon trading
Authors: Parhamfar Mohammad , Sadeghkhani Iman , Adeli Amir Mohammad 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe increasing trend of energy generation and management systems towards decentralized structures such as using renewable energy resources makes it necessary to use digital and smart platforms for exchanging information and even conducting financial transactions in a decentralized manner, known as the peer‐to‐peer model. The decentralized transaction verification of cryptocurrencies makes it possible to use these encrypted currencies and decentralized blockchain networks in energy management systems and carry out financial transactions related to carbon trading. Carbon and other greenhouse gas (GHG) emission trading systems reduce the competitiveness of fossil fuel projects in the market and accelerate investment in low‐carbon energy sources such as wind and photovoltaic power generation units. This market mechanism allows large entities such as countries and companies that emit GHGs into the atmosphere to buy and sell these gases. This paper reviews the blockchain solutions developed for carbon markets. Studies related to the design of smart contracts in the platform of blockchain are investigated. Special cryptocurrencies that are used in the field of green energy transactions and carbon trading are introduced. In addition, the application of artificial intelligence and game theory in energy trading is stated. The study of different blockchain frameworks for carbon trading shows that the use of decentralized platforms in carbon trading can have a significant impact on the trend towards low‐carbon measures and achieving the goals of the Kyoto Treaty, increasing the value of green cryptocurrencies and the volume of transactions. These technologies offer a promising avenue for creating a more decentralized, efficient, and environmentally conscious energy ecosystem.
How do surrogates make treatment decisions for patients with dementia: An experimental survey study
Authors: Nicholas Lauren Hersch , Langa Kenneth M. , Halpern Scott D. , Macis Mario 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDespite the growing need for surrogate decision‐making for older adults, little is known about how surrogates make decisions and whether advance directives would change decision‐making. We conducted a nationally representative experimental survey that cross‐randomized cognitive impairment, gender, and characteristics of advance care planning among hospitalized older adults through a series of vignettes. Our study yielded three main findings: first, respondents were much less likely to recommend life‐sustaining treatments for patients with dementia, especially after personal exposure. Second, respondents were more likely to ignore patient preferences for life‐extending treatment when the patient had dementia, and choose unwanted life‐extending treatments for patients without dementia. Third, in scenarios where the patient's wishes were unclear, respondents were more likely to choose treatments that matched their own preferences. These findings underscore the need for improved communication and decision‐making processes for patients with cognitive impairment and highlight the importance of choosing a surrogate decision‐maker with similar treatment preferences.