bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cigarette smoking contributes to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis associated with emphysema
Authors: Qiao Ye , Kewu Huang , Yi Ding , Baohui Lou , Ziliang Hou , Huaping Dai , Chen Wang , Mouyue Wang 
Published: January 2024

Background
Combined emphysema and pulmonary fibrosis, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), is a distinct disorder described with upper-lobe emphysema and lower-lobe fibrosis on chest computed tomography. Smoking appears to be the predominant risk factor for this disorder. We aimed to compare clinical features, smoking history, physiological and radiological findings between IPF with and without emphysema.

Methods
A sample of 125 IPF patients over a period of 48 months were evaluated. High resolution CT scans were reviewed blinded to clinical data. The IPF patients with or without emphysema were classified accordingly.

Results
The prevalence of emphysema in this IPF sample was 70/125. IPF with emphysema was significantly associated with smoking status (OR 63; 95% CI 4.4 to 915; P=0.002) and smoking pack year (OR 1.1; 95% CI 1.05 to 1.13; P=0.000). The patients with IPF and emphysema had a higher decrease in carbon monoxide diffusing capacity adjusted for alveolar volume ((58±19)% pred vs. (66±21)% pred; P=0.021) and a higher prevalence of pulmonary hypertension (24/70 vs. 7/55; P=0.006). The two groups of patients had similar forced and residual volumes. No significant differences were found in cell differentials of bronchoalveolar lavage or the scores of fibrosis on chest CT. Survival of the patients with emphysema was significantly less than that of patients with IPF alone.

Conclusions
Cigarette smoking induces IPF combined with emphysema. Emphysema further impairs physiological function and increases the prevalence of pulmonary hypertension that leads to poor prognosis. The inclusion of the patients with combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema in IPF clinical trials may lead to under evaluation of the effect of treatment in patients.
Factors influencing the feasibility of laparoscopy colectomy
Authors: He Zhiyun , Zhang Zhongtao 
Published: January 2024

Objective
The objective was to review the factors affecting the feasibility of performing successful laparoscopic colectomy.

Data sources
The literatures about the risk factors closely related to the ability to perform laparoscopic colectomy on different surgical diseases of the colon cited in this review were obtained from PubMed published in English from 2006 to 2012.

Study selection
Original articles regarding the risk factors that affect the ability to perform laparoscopic colectomy were selected.

Results
Obesity, diabetes, inflammatory bowel diseases, advanced age, emergency operation, and pelvic anatomy are all important risk factors that increase the risk of developing serious complications such as hemorrhage, anastomotic leak, and skin and soft tissue infections following laparoscopic colectomy. These factors also increase the likelihood of conversion to an open operation. In this study, we reviewed the recent original articles about the relationship of laparoscopic colectomy with these risk factors. We also describe some strategies that limit the likelihood of these complications and the likelihood of conversion to an open operation.

Conclusions
Obesity, diabetes, inflammatory bowel diseases, age, emergency operation, and pelvic anatomy are all important risk factors that increase the risk of either serious complications or conversion to open operation with laparoscopic colectomy. Evaluation of these risk factors preoperatively should influence the decision to perform colectomy using laparoscopic techniques.
Comparison of two different renorrhaphy techniques in retroperitoneal laparoscopic partial nephrectomy for complex tumor
Authors: SHANG Ji-wen , MA Xin , ZHANG Xu , LI Hong-zhao , SHI Tao-ping 
Published: January 2024

Background
Partial nephrectomy is currently the standard treatment for clinical T1 renal neoplasms, as it can provide oncologic outcomes equivalent to radical nephrectomy. The aim was to evaluate the efficacy of self-retaining suture (SRS) in renorrhaphy technique in retroperitoneal laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN) for a single renal mass of moderate or high complexity by assessing peri-operative outcomes.

Methods
A retrospective analysis was done of 64 patients between 2010 and 2012 for complex renal mass (RENAL score ≥7) in whom retroperitoneal LPN was performed with two layers using continuous knotless barbed suture (Quill PDO SRS group; n=34) and absorbable vicryl (non-SRS group; n=30), respectively. Cases were matched for RENAL score. All the surgical procedures were performed by the same surgeon with experience of more than 500 cases of LPN. Comparisons were made in patients and preoperative outcomes and peri-operative complications between SRS group and non-SRS group.

Results
Mean warm ischemia time (WIT) in SRS group was less than non-SRS group (18.0 vs. 24.8 minutes, P=0.021). Renorrhaphy suture cost in SRS group was lower than non-SRS group ($269.6 vs. $335.8, P=0.001). There were no significant differences between the two groups for postoperative changes in creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate and the rate of peri-operative complications.

Conclusion
SRS was safe for complex renal tumor with two layers, continuous and unknot suture, during LPN and would reduce the WIT and renorrhaphy suture cost significantly.
Expression of hepatocyte growth factor and its receptor c-Met in lensinduced myopia in guinea pigs
Authors: LI Xiu-juan , YANG Xiao-peng , WAN Guang-ming , WANG Yu-ying , ZHANG Jin-song 
Published: January 2024

Background
Myopia is a common disorder and the incidence has increased yearly, but its pathogenesis remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible role of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and its receptor c-Met in the development of lens-induced myopia in guinea pigs.

Methods
Sixty one-week-old guinea pigs were chosen. The right eyes were treated with -10.0 diopters (D) lenses as the lens-induced myopia group; the left eyes remained untreated as the control group. Six weeks later, refractive status and axial length were determined by streak retinoscopy and A-scan ultrasonography, respectively. The guinea pigs were killed and both eyes collected. Morphological changes were observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. The expression levels of HGF, c-Met, and matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) mRNA and protein in the posterior sclera were analyzed by RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively.

Results
The lens-induced myopia group became myopic with a significant increase in axial length and a significant decrease in refraction. Compared with the control group, the posterior retina and sclera were thinner in the lens-induced myopia group. The expression levels of HGF and MMP-2 mRNA and protein and of phosphorylated c-Met protein were significantly higher in the posterior sclera of the lens-induced myopia group than in the control group (all P <0.05). In the lens-induced myopia group, the expression level of MMP-2 in the posterior sclera positively correlated with the expression level of HGF (r=0.902, P <0.05) and phosphorylated c-Met (r=0.885, P <0.05).

Conclusion
HGF/c-Met might play a role in the development of lens-induced myopia in guinea pigs by upregulating the expression of MMP-2.
Influence of extract of Ginkgo biloba leaves tablets on the aquaporin-1 expression in isolated lung ischemia reperfusion
Authors: LI Xiang-nan , YANG Ji-yao , PAN Xue , ZHAO Song , ZHANG Chun-yang , ZHU Deng-yan , WANG Peng 
Published: January 2024

Background
The extract of Ginkgo biloba leaves tablets, ginaton, is widely used in treating ischemic cerebrovascular disease in the clinic. This study aimed to investigate the expression of aquaporin-1 (AQP-1) in rat lung with ischemia/ reperfusion injury after pretreatment with ginaton, and whether the pretreatment with ginaton reduces the acute lung injury caused by ischemia/reperfusion injury.

Methods
Adult Wistar rats were divided into two groups. Some rats were used as donors (n=20), the others as recipients (n=20). Left lungs of donor rats were used for the isolated lung reperfusion model, which perfused only with low potassium dextran (LPD) solution as group A (n=10); the others were pretreated with ginaton before reperfusion as group C (n=10). Right lung of donor rat without any treatment was used as a control group (group B and group D, n=10 for each group). After the model was established, the expression of AQP-1 in the lung tissues was examined by immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction.

Results
Immunohistochemical examination revealed that AQP-1 was expressed in endothelia. Immunoblotting demonstrated that the relative gray values of AQP-1 protein in groups A and C were 0.65±0.06, 0.88±0.11, respectively. The relative gray values of the mRNA expression in groups A and C were 0.30±0.08, 0.49±0.11, respectively. The expression of AQP-1 protein and mRNA in group C was significantly higher than in group A (P <0. 05).

Conclusion
The pretreatment with ginaton can reduce the acute lung injury caused by ischemia/reperfusion.
Staged microvascular anastomosis training program for novices: transplantation of both kidneys from one rat donor
Authors: Zhou Shoujun , Li Enchun , He Jun , Weng Guobin , Yuan Hexing , Hou Jianquan 
Published: January 2024

Background
Rat renal transplantation is an essential experimental model and requires greater microsurgical skills. Thus, training novices to perform quick and reliable microvascular anastomosis is of vital importance for rat renal transplantation. In this study, we developed and evaluated a staged microvascular anastomosis training program for novices, harvesting and transplanting both kidneys from one rat donor.

Methods
Five trainees without any prior microsurgical experience underwent a training program in which the goals were staged according to difficulty. Each trainee had to achieve satisfactory results as evaluated by a mentor before entering the next stage. Rat renal transplantation was accomplished by end-to-end technique with a bladder patch. In the intensive rat renal transplantation stage, the trainees required an average of 20 independent attempts at isotransplantation as final training assessment.

Results
After 2 months of intensive practice, all trainees had achieved stable and reproducible rat renal transplantation, with a satisfactory survival rate of 85.9% at postoperative Day 7. The total mean operative time was 78.0 minutes and the mean hot ischemia time was 26.2 minutes. With experience increasing, the operative time for each trainee showed a decreasing trend, from 90-100 minutes to 60-70 minutes. After 20 cases, the mean operative time of the trainees was not statistically significantly different from that of the mentor.

Conclusion
Harvesting and transplanting both kidneys from one rat donor after a staged microvascular anastomosis training program is feasible for novices without any prior microsurgical skills.
Effects of exercises on knee cartilage volume in young healthy adults: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Lu Liangyu , Wang Yubin 
Published: January 2024

Background
Acute effects of physical exercise on the deformational behavior of knee articular cartilage and changes in cartilage volume are definite. However, conclusive effects of different exercises on the loss of articular cartilage volume have not been proved. In this parallel-group randomized controlled trial, we tested whether 12 weeks of swimming, powerstriding, cycling, and running exercises would decrease the cartilage volume significantly and whether there would be a difference in the loss of cartilage volume after different types of exercises.

Methods
From October 2012 to January 2013 we evaluated 120 healthy volunteer students in Biomechanics Laboratory of Tongji University. Body mass index (BMI), right lower limb strength, and right knee cartilage magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were obtained before exercise. MRI were conducted in East Hospital. The study was approved by Tongji University Ethical Committee, all subjects were randomly assigned to the running, powerstriding, cycling, swimming, and control groups by a drawing of lots. Each group contained 24 samples. At the end of 12 weeks of regular exercises, the same measurement procedures were applied. Cartilage volume was calculated with OSIRIS software based on the quantitative-MRI. Pre- and post-exercise comparisons were carried out using paired t-tests and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare differences of cartilage volume loss between groups with Student-Newman-Keuls procedure for multiple comparisons.

Results
Running, cycling, and swimming groups resulted in a significant decrease in BMI. The quadriceps peak torque increased significantly in the swimming and cycling groups. Total cartilage volume significantly decreased in the running and cycling groups after 12 weeks of training, without any significant change in the nonimpact swimming, low-impact powerstriding, and control groups. Loss of total cartilage volume in the running and cycling groups were 2.21% (3.03) and 1.50% (0.42).

Conclusions
Twelve weeks of regular physical exercises (i.e., running and cycling) decrease the total knee cartilage volume. Swimming and powerstriding are recommended for the healthy youth. This finding suggests that articular cartilage has the functional adaptation for exercises, and some sports could be the risk factors for the initiation of osteoarthritis (OA) in young healthy adults.
Pig islets for islet xenotransplantation: current status and future perspectives
Authors: Hu Qinghua , Liu Zhongwei , Zhu Haitao 
Published: January 2024

ObjectiveTo review the current status and progress on pig islet xenotransplantation.Data sourcesData used in this review were mainly from English literature of Pubmed database. The search terms were “pig islet” and “xenotransplantation”.Study selectionThe original articles and critical reviews selected were relevant to this review's theme.ResultsPigs are suggested to be an ideal candidate for obtaining available islet cells for transplantation. However, the potential clinical application of pig islet is still facing challenges including inadequate yield of high-quality functional islets and xenorejection of the transplants. The former can be overcome mainly by selection of a suitable pathogen-free source herd and the development of isolation and purification technology. While the feasibility of successful preclinical pig islet xenotranplantation provides insights in the possible mechanisms of xenogeneic immune recognition and rejection to overwhelm the latter. In addition, the achievement of long-term insulin independence in diabetic models by means of distinct islet products and novel immunotherapeutic strategies is promising.ConclusionsPig islet xenotransplantation is one of the prospective treatments to bridge the gap between the needs of transplantation in patients with diabetes and available islet cells. Nonetheless, further studies and efforts are needed to translate obtained findings into tangible applications.
Prevalence, risk factors, clinical course, and outcome of acute kidney injury in Chinese intensive care units: a prospective cohort study
Authors: WEN Ying , JIANG Li , XU Yuan , QIAN Chuan-yun , LI Shu-sheng , QIN Tie-he , CHEN Er-zhen , LIN Jian-dong , AI Yuhang , WU Da-wei , WANG Yu-shan , SUN Ren-hua , HU Zhen-jie , CAO Xiang-yuan , ZHOU Fa-chun , HE Zhen-yang , ZHOU Li-hua , AN You-zhong , KANG Yan , MA Xiao-chun , YU Xiang-you , ZHAO Ming-yan , XI Xiu-ming , DU Bin 
Published: January 2024

Background
Acute kidney injury (AKI) has been recognized as a major healthcare problem affecting millions of patients worldwide. However, epidemiologic data concerning AKI in China are still lacking. The objectives of this study were to characterize AKI defined by RIFLE criteria, assess the association with hospital mortality, and evaluate the impact of AKI in the context of other risk factors.

Methods
This prospective multicenter observational study enrolled 3,063 consecutive patients from 1 July 2009 to 31 August 2009 in 22 ICUs across mainland China. We excluded patients who were admitted for less than 24 hours (n=1623), younger than 18 years (n=127), receiving chronic hemodialysis (n=29), receiving renal transplantation (n=1) and unknown reasons (n=28). There were 1255 patients in the final analysis. AKI was diagnosed and classified according to RIFLE criteria.

Results
There were 396 patients (31.6%) who had AKI, with RIFLE maximum class R, I, and F in 126 (10.0%), 91 (7.3%), and 179 (14.3%) patients, respectively. Renal function deteriorated in 206 patients (16.4%). In comparison with non AKI patients, patients in the risk class on ICU admission were more likely to progress to the injury class (odds ratio (OR) 3.564, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.706 - 7.443, P = 0.001], while patients in the risk class (OR 5.215, 95% CI 2.798–9.719, P <0.001) and injury class (OR 13.316, 95% CI 7.507–23.622, P <0.001) had a significantly higher probability of deteriorating into failure class. The adjusted hazard ratios for 90-day mortality were 1.884 for the risk group, 3.401 for the injury group, and 5.306 for the failure group.

Conclusions
The prevalence of AKI was high among critically ill patients in Chinese ICUs. In comparison with non-AKI patients, patients with RIFLE class R or class I on ICU admission were more susceptibility to progression to class I or class F. The RIFLE criteria were robust and correlated well with clinical deterioration and mortality.
Analysis of risk factors affecting the prognosis of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors
Authors: Ming Tao , Chunhui Yuan , Dianrong Xiu , Xueying Shi , Liyuan Tao , Zhaolai Ma , Bin Jiang , Zhipeng Zhang , Lingfu Zhang , Hangyan Wang 
Published: January 2024

Background
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs) are a type of tumors with the characteristics of easy metastasis and recurrence. Till date, the risk factors affecting the prognosis are still in the debate. In this study, several risk factors will be discussed combined with our cases and experience.

Methods
Thirty-three patients diagnosed as pNETs were enrolled and the clinical features, blood tests, pathological features, surgical treatment, and follow-up data of these patients were collected and analyzed.

Results
In this study, operation time of G3 cases was longer than G1/G2 cases (P=0.017). The elevated level of tumor markers such as AFP, CEA, Ca125, and Ca19-9 may predict easier metastasis, earlier recurrence, and poor prognosis (P=0.007). The presence of cancer embolus and nerve invasion increases along with the TNM stage (P=0.037 and P=0.040), and the incidence of positive surgical margin increased (P=0.007). When the presence of nerve invasion occurs, the chance of cancer embolus and lymph node metastasis also increases (P=0.016 and P=0.026).

Conclusions
pNETs were tumors with the features of easy recurrence and metastasis and many risk factors could affect its prognosis such as the elevated levels of tumor markers and the presence of nerve invasion, except some recognized risk factors. If one or more of these factors existed, postoperative treatments may be needed to improve prognosis.
Systematic reviews on reports of hip fractures in Web of Science: a bibliometric analysis of publication activity
Authors: Zhi Mao , Guoqi Wang , Xifan Mei , Shuo Chen , Xiaoxie Liu , Xiantao Zeng , Anhua Long , Licheng Zhang , Lihai Zhang , Peifu Tang 
Published: January 2024

Background
The objective of this study was to analyze the trend in the publication of systematic reviews on hip fractures through a bibliometric approach.

Methods
Literature including systematic reviews or meta-analyses on hip fractures was searched from the ISI Web of Science citation database. The search results were analyzed in terms of geographical authorship and frequency of citation by country, institution, author, and periodical distribution.

Results
A total of 654 published systematic reviews from 1995 to 2013 in 48 countries or regions were retrieved. The United States (171) was the predominant country in terms of the number of total publications, followed by the United Kingdom (149), Canada (120), Australia (76), and China (54). The number of systematic reviews significantly increased during the last 6 years, especially in China. The production ranking changed in 2012, at which time the United States and China were the leaders in the yearly production of systematic reviews on hip fractures. The amount of literature (27 publications) from China contributed almost one-quarter of the total literature (109 publications) in 2012. However, the average number of citations of each article from China was still low (6.70), while the highest number of citations of each article was from Sweden (193.36). The references were published in 239 different journals, with 15 journals contributing to 41.3% of the systematic reviews on hip fractures. The two journals that contributed the most were Osteoporosis International (10.6%) and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (7.6%). The predominant institution in terms of the number of publications was McMaster University (36) in Canada.

Conclusions
The best evidence in the field of hip fractures has attracted increasing attention. Systematic reviews on hip fractures from China have been increasingly more frequent during the past 6 years, particularly in 2012.
Outcomes of upper airway reconstructive surgery for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome based on polysomnography after nasopharyngeal tube insertion
Authors: LI Shu-hua , WU Da-hai , BAO Ji-min , SHI Hong-jin 
Published: January 2024

Background
The most common obstruction sites for obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) are the oropharynx and the glossopharyx. The diagnosis of glossopharyngeal airway obstruction is difficult. The study aimed to assess the effect of upper airway reconstructive surgery for OSAHS based on polysomnography (PSG) after nasopharyngeal tube insertion (NPT-PSG), and to evaluate the clinical value of NPT-PSG in localizing the obstructive sites.

Methods
Seventy-nine OSAHS patients diagnosed with PSG were included in the study. PSG was repeated with a nasopharyngeal tube in place (NPT-PSG). Results of the two PSGs were compared. A NPT-PSG apnea hypopnea index (AHI) greater than 15 times per hour was used as a threshold for glossopharyngeal surgery. The cause of glossopharyngeal airway obstruction was taken into consideration in planning glossopharyngeal surgery. Assessment of efficacy was followed-up.

Results
After NPT-PSG, patients’ AHI significantly decreased and lowest oxygen saturation (LaSO2) significantly increased. Of the 79 patients, 47 were treated with uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) alone and 32 with UPPP + glossopharyngeal surgery. Thirty-two patients were considered cured, 33 markedly improved, and 14 failed. The overall surgery success rate was 82.3%.

Conclusions
NPT-PSG can be used as a diagnosis tool for localizing airway obstruction in OSAHS patients. Surgical treatment based on NPT-PSG results in good treatment efficacy.