bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A population‐based analysis of risk factors for a second primary cutaneous melanoma among melanoma survivors
Authors: Goggins William B. , Tsao Hensin 
Published: February 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe results of several studies have provided evidence that patients diagnosed with cutaneous melanoma (CM) are at a higher risk of developing a second primary CM than the general population. In this study, the authors examined how the risk of a second primary tumor varied with time from diagnosis of CM and examined the patient‐specific factors that modify a CM patient's risk of developing a second primary tumor.METHODSSurvival curves for time from first CM to second CM were calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to determine which demographic‐ and disease‐related factors influence the risk of a second CM.RESULTSApproximately 0.5% of Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) CM patients were found to have synchronous second primaries. The estimated cumulative probability of having a second primary CM was 0.99% at 1 year after initial CM diagnosis, 2.06% at 5 years, 3.17% at 10 years, and 5.34% at 20 years. Risk was significantly greater for males; older patients; patients with first CM on the face, neck, or trunk; those from the Atlanta, Hawaii, or Connecticut registries; and more recently diagnosed patients. Risk was lower for patients from the Utah registry and those with Stage IV disease.CONCLUSIONSThe elevated risk for CM among CM survivors appears to be greatest in the first few months, and then subsequently declines. However, the risk for a second CM among CM survivors was found to remain substantially higher than the risk for a first CM in the general population throughout the observation period (> 20 years). Demographic‐ and disease‐related factors substantially modify the risk of a second primary CM. Cancer 2003;97:639–43. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11116
On reduced integration and locking of flat shell finite elements with drilling rotations
Authors: Geyer Sannelie , Groenwold Albert A. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractIn recent times, a number of assumed stress membrane finite elements with drilling degrees of freedom have been presented. These highly accurate elements are natural candidates for the membrane component of geometrically simple, yet accurate, flat shell finite elements. Depending on a mixed formulation, these assumed stress membranes are normally integrated using full integration. However, this is not necessarily optimal. Reduced integration using modified quadratures decreases the effects of membrane‐bending locking, while the accuracy and rank of the formulation is not impaired. Copyright ©2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Conjugate filter approach for shock capturing
Authors: Gu Yun , Wei G. W. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThis paper introduces a new scheme for the numerical computation involving shock waves. The essence of the scheme is to adaptively implement a conjugate low‐pass filter to effectively remove the accumulated numerical errors produced by a set of high‐pass filters. The advantages of using such an adaptive algorithm are its controllable accuracy, relatively low cost and easy implementation. Numerical examples in one and two space dimensions are presented to illustrate the proposed scheme. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A non‐linear fin design problem in determining the optimum shape of spine and longitudinal fins
Authors: Huang Cheng‐Hung , Hsiao Jan‐Hsiang 
Published: February 2003

AbstractA non‐linear fin design algorithm is applied to estimate the optimum shapes for the spine and longitudinal fins by using the conjugate gradient method (CGM) based on the desired fin efficiency and fin volume. One of the advantages in using CGM in the inverse design problem lies in that it can handle problems having a large number of unknown parameters easily and converges very fast.The validity of the present algorithm by using the CGM to solve the non‐linear fin design problem is justified based on numerical experiments. Results show that the optimum fin shapes can always be obtained. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Eigensolutions for matrices of special structures
Authors: Kaveh A. , Sayarinejad M. A. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractIn this article, a simple and efficient method is developed for calculating the eigenvalues and eigen vectors of matrices having special structures. This is achieved by decomposing the matrices into specific forms. The application is extended to the eigensolution of the Laplacian matrices of symmetric graphs. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Variational derivation of equilibrium equations of arbitrarily loaded pre‐stressed shear deformable non‐prismatic composite beams and solution by the DQEM buckling analysis
Authors: Chen Chang‐New 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThe generic equilibrium equations of arbitrarily loaded pre‐stressed non‐prismatic shear deformable composite beams can be derived. The buckling equilibrium equations can be obtained by simplifying the generic equilibrium equations. These equations can be used to develop the differential quadrature element method (DQEM) analysis model of the buckling of shear deformable beams. The DQEM uses the DQ to discretize the buckling equilibrium equation defined on each element, the transition conditions defined on the inter‐element boundary of two adjacent elements and the boundary conditions of the beam. Numerical results of the buckling of shear deformable bar structures solved by the developed numerical algorithm are presented. They prove that the DQEM buckling analysis model is efficient in comparison of convergence rate and numerical stability with the existing numerical techniques such as traditional FDM and some FEM models. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Demonstration of a simple method to satisfy homogenous boundary conditions in element‐free Galerkin method through the vibration problem of Timoshenko beam
Authors: Nair Rajeev G. , Rao G. Venkateswara , Singh Gajbir 
Published: February 2003

AbstractA simple method to satisfy the homogeneous boundary condition in the element‐free Galerkin method is proposed in this paper. Effectiveness of the method is demonstrated, through free vibration problems of Timoshenko beams. Several case studies involving different slenderness ratios and end conditions are carried out. The results of the present study are compared with those obtained using classical Rayleigh–Ritz and conventional element‐free Galerkin method wherein Lagrangian multipliers are employed to satisfy boundary conditions. Eventhough, a one‐dimensional problem is considered in the present paper, the validity of the proposed method for the two‐dimensional problems is demonstrated theoretically. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Solitary parotid metastasis from columnar cell carcinoma of the thyroid: A diagnostic dilemma
Authors: Kini Hema , Pai Radha R. , Kalpana S. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractA 65‐yr‐old woman presented in May 1998 with a left parotid mass of 2 yr duration. The cytology and histopathology of the parotid lesion showed features of a columnar cell carcinoma. In November, 1967, she was diagnosed to have a classic papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Ultrasound examination revealed a persistent thyroid nodule, the aspiration cytology of which confirmed columnar cell variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (CCV‐PTC). CCV‐PTC is a recently described rare tumor of the thyroid that has been associated with an aggressive clinical course. Our case was peculiar in that the patient presented with an isolated metastasis in the parotid gland. Second, after an indolent course following the initial diagnosis of usual PTC 31 yr ago, she had now developed a more aggressive variant of the tumor. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2003;28:72–75. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diagnostic value of eosinophils in pleural effusion: A prospective study of 26 cases
Authors: Matthai Smita Mary , Kini Usha 
Published: January 2003

AbstractEosinophilic pleural effusions (EPFs), defined as the presence of 10% or more eosinophils in the pleural fluid, are relatively rare. Their diagnostic and prognostic significance, however, remains controversial, as most of the studies are based almost entirely on retrospective case studies. This prospective study examines 26 eosinophilic pleural effusions from among 444 consecutive pleural effusions investigated at this tertiary health care center from October 1999 to April 2002. This study was attempted to unravel the diagnostic and prognostic significance of these eosinophilic effusions and assess their clinical implications, if any. Koss and Light's criteria were applied in the analysis, which comprised macroscopic, biochemical, cytological, and microbiological examinations. Of the 26 EPFs studied, five were associated with tuberculosis and three with metastatic disease. Nineteen patients had significant associated lymphocytosis. Twenty‐four patients have been followed up and are in good health to date and have had no recurrence of effusion. Thus, EPF could be associated with inflammatory, benign, and malignant conditions. Hence, a closer search for a definite etiological agent is warranted in the setting of such an effusion, especially in populations endemic for tuberculosis, as in a developing country like India and in populations with a high prevalence of malignancy. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2003;28:96–99. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fine‐needle aspiration cytology of splenic hamartoma
Authors: Lee Sheng‐Huang 
Published: January 2003

AbstractBench‐top fine‐needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) following splenectomy and nephrectomy from a 21‐yr‐old female of tuberous sclerosis with right renal angiomyolipoma and splenic hamartoma was performed for the correlation of the cytologic features with histologic findings and, along with the immunopathologic studies, for the establishment of a challenging preoperative diagnosis of splenic hamartoma. The postoperative bench‐top aspirate of splenic hamartoma yielded small and large clusters of plump, spindly to polygonal cells in the blood‐stained background with scattered small lymphocytes, comparable with the preoperative echo‐guided FNAB. The histopathology and immunopatholgy of the splenic hamartoma from the bench‐top aspirate cytoblock and splenectomy tissue were comparable, unveiling the red pulp tissue consisting of wider cord stromal tissue than its normal counterpart with sinus‐like vascular channels lined by endothelial cells which were positive for CD8, CD34, factor VIII‐related antigen, vimentin, as well as negative for muscle‐specific actin, CD21, CD68, and cytokeratin, scattered dispersed CD3‐ and CD45RO‐positive T‐lymphocytes, and small clusters of CD20‐positive B lymphocytes, with a dearth of fibrous trabeculae and organized white‐pulp lymphoid tissue. A combination of cytologic features and immunopathologic results from the aspirate cytoblock along with the salient clinical information should enable an accurate preoperative diagnosis of splenic hamartoma. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2003;28:82–85. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fine‐needle aspiration cytology of chondroblastoma of soft parts: Case report and differential diagnosis with other soft tissue tumors
Authors: Granados Rosario , Martín‐Hita Ana , Rodríguez‐Barbero José María , Murillo Nieves 
Published: January 2003

AbstractChondroblastoma is a benign tumor arising in the epiphysis of long bones. The extraskeletal presentation is most unusual. We report the first cytological description of a soft tissue chondroblastoma. It was a subcutaneous mass in the leg of a 62‐yr‐old man. Fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) rendered a highly cellular material with grouped and single polygonal or round cells with a uniform, sometimes eccentric nucleus. Microvacuolated cytoplasm and hemosiderin pigment were frequent findings. There were rare nuclear grooves and mitoses. A metachromatic, focally calcified stroma was present, occasionally surrounding the cells. There were also numerous multinucleated osteoclast‐like giant cells. Histological evaluation was diagnostic of chondroblastoma. The tumor was locally aggressive. A review of other soft tissue masses with similar cytological findings is included in the discussion. FNA cytology is very helpful in the diagnosis of soft tissue chondroblastoma, but additional studies may be necessary for a definitive diagnosis. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2003;28:76–81. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cell cannibalism: Diagnostic marker of malignancy
Authors: Gupta Kirti , Dey Pranab 
Published: January 2003

AbstractIn this study, we tried to find out the cytological relevance of cannibalism as a dependable feature of malignancy in effusion and urine cytology. We randomly selected a total of 40 cases consisting of 10 each of malignant effusion, benign effusion, malignant urine samples, and benign urine samples. These smears were assessed for the presence of cell cannibalism. The number of cannibalistic cells/100 tumor cells was counted. The cannibalistic cells were seen more commonly in malignant effusion cases (3.4/100 cells) compared with malignant urine cases (2/100 cells). There was not a single cannibalistic cell in benign conditions. The finding of an increased number of cannibalistic cell was highly significant in malignant versus benign samples (P > 0.0000, Student's t‐test). The present study highlights the significance of cannibalism in malignant urine and effusion cytology. We suggest that cell cannibalism is a dependable cytological feature of malignancy. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2003;28:86–87. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Correlation of number of intrathyroid lymphocytes with antimicrosomal antibody titer in Hashimoto's thyroiditis
Authors: Pandit Ajita Avinash , Vijay Warde Maya , Menon Padma S. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractThe variants of Hashimoto's thyroiditis (classic, florid, and fibrotic types) differ in clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, and morphology. The titers of autoantibodies correlate with the degree of thyroidal lymphocytic infiltration (Wislon et al., 19985) It appears that the density of lymphocytes is inversely proportional to antimicrosomal antibody (AMA) titer. The aim of the present study is to determine the precise relationship between the number of lymphocytes and AMA titer. It may be useful to predict the onset of the disease in subclinically hypothyroid patients. In 62 cases of cytologically confirmed Hashimoto's thyroiditis, the number of lymphocytes per high‐power field was counted and correlated with AMA titer. The grading of lymphocytes was done as 1 (<10/HPF), 2 (11–20/HPF), and 3 (≥21/HPF). The results showed no correlation between lymphocyte number and AMA titer. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2003;28:63–65. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Vitreous cytology in asteroid hyalosis and observations on interpretation of cytologic findings in specimens of the posterior (vitreous) compartment of the eye
Authors: Zaharopoulos Paul , Schnadig Vicki 
Published: January 2003

AbstractCytologic methods have been used in the pathologic investigation of the posterior (vitreous) compartment of the eye in specimens obtained by fine‐needle aspiration, as well as by surgical procedures. The vitreous body, which is in a semiliquid gel state, lends itself to pathologic investigation by cytologic methods. We report on a case of reparative eye surgery for complications of previous cataract extraction; vitrectomy was performed for vitreous opacities, which, by cytologic examination, were diagnostic of asteroid hyalosis, a relatively uncommon condition affecting the elderly. The cytologic findings diagnostic of this disease are described. Observations are made on the cytologic findings commonly encountered in specimens obtained from the posterior (vitreous) compartment of the eye. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2003;28:88–91. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fine‐needle aspiration biopsy of a cystic pleomorphic adenoma with extensive adnexa‐like differentiation: Differential diagnostic pitfall with mucoepidermoid carcinoma
Authors: Brachtel Elena F. , Pilch Ben Z. , Khettry Urmila , Zembowicz Artur , Faquin William C. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractAlthough fine‐needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is a highly accurate tool for the diagnosis of pleomorphic adenomas, even this common salivary gland neoplasm can be diagnostically challenging and cause pitfalls in cytodiagnosis. In particular, the presence of either cystic degeneration or squamous and mucinous metaplasia can lead to a false positive diagnosis of malignancy. Here we present the case of a 16‐year‐old female who presented with a painless, slowly growing mass in the superficial lobe of the right parotid gland. Magnetic resonance imaging of the parotid demonstrated a mass with heterogeneous postcontrast enhancement and a central, nonenhancing area suggestive of necrosis. FNAB of the lesion yielded proteinaceous debris and numerous whorls of keratin, small cohesive clusters of basaloid and squamoid epithelial cells, and many vacuolated and foamy cells. Initially and after consultation at an outside institution, the FNAB was reported as an “atypical neoplasm, cannot exclude mucoepidermoid carcinoma.” A total, nerve‐sparing parotidectomy and level II neck dissection revealed a pleomorphic adenoma with central cystic degeneration and extensive mixed appendageal differentiation. While foci of squamous metaplastic changes may occur in pleomorphic adenomas, the combination of cystic degeneration and extensive appendageal differentiation with numerous keratotic cysts is rare, and it presents the potential for misinterpretation of the FNAB as indicative of malignancy in general, and mucoepidermoid carcinoma in particular. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2003;28:100–103. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fine‐needle aspiration of adult rhabdomyoma: A case report with review of the literature
Authors: McGregor David K. , Krishnan Bhuvaneswari , Green Linda 
Published: January 2003

AbstractThe cytologic features of adult rhabdomyoma, a rare benign tumor of skeletal muscle origin, have been infrequently reported in the literature. We present here a case of a rhabdomyoma involving the floor of the mouth of a 78‐year‐old man initially diagnosed by fine‐needle aspiration cytology. Cytologic features seen on Papanicolaou‐stained smear preparation included cohesive clusters of skeletal muscle cells having abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm and often peripherally located nuclei. Although cross‐striations and elongated intracytoplasmic inclusions were not identified in the smears, they were noted in the cell block preparation of the aspirated specimen and in the touch preparation and histologic sections of the surgically resected specimen. The cytologic differential diagnosis of this tumor is discussed. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2003;28:92–95. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Distribution of subtypes of metastatic renal‐cell carcinoma: Correlating findings of fine‐needle aspiration biopsy and surgical pathology
Authors: Mai Kien T. , Alhalouly Tahany , Lamba Manisha , Yazdi Hossein M. , Stinson William A. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractClear‐cell (CRCC), papillary (PRCC), and chromophobe (CHRCC) renal‐cell carcinoma (RCC) are the three most frequent subtypes of RCC. The rate and distribution of their metastatic lesions have not been well studied in cytopathological materials. Sixty‐two fine‐needle aspiration biopsy cases of metastatic RCC were studied and correlated with surgical pathology of RCCs with and without metastasis. Special stains for glycogen and immunostaining for cytokeratins, vimentin epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), and carcinoembryonic antigens, and electron microscopic studies were performed. Fifty‐nine cases of CRCC and three of PRCC subtypes were retrieved from the cytopathology files at the Ottawa Hospital in a period of 10 years. Of these cases, 10 metastatic CRCC and one metastatic PRCC were diagnosed prior to the diagnosis of the primary tumor. CHRCC and sarcomatoid RCC were not represented in cytopathological specimens. CRCC displayed characteristic filmy cytoplasm and nuclei with prominent nucleoli. PRCC was characterized by dense cytoplasm, large nuclei with prominent nucleoli, and papillary architectures. In addition, all RCCs were characterized by the presence of glycogen and the absence of mucin by using histochemical techniques and electron microscopic studies and positive reactivity for cytokeratins (CK) and vimentin (VIM). In the same period, there were a total of 380 patients with RCC divided into 310 CRCCs, 55 PRCCs, and 15 CHRCCs associated with metastases in 142, 9, and 1 case, respectively. CRCC is by far the most common subtype found in metastases sampled in cytopathology. PRCC, CHRCC, and sarcomatoid RCC were underrepresented. Awareness of this propensity of RCC and the characteristic cytopathological, histochemical, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural features are helpful in the diagnosis of metastatic RCC. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2003;28:66–70. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Integrating the environment into strategic decision‐making: conceptualizing policy SEA
Authors: Sheate William R. , Dagg Suzan , Richardson Jeremy , Aschemann Ralf , Palerm Juan , Steen Ulla 
Published: February 2003

AbstractStrategic environmental assessment (SEA) is seen as an important tool for integrating the environment into decision‐making, e.g. at plan and programme levels where it is being used with increasing regularity. At the policy and most strategic decision levels, however, it is less clear how SEA can best be used or what methodologies are appropriate in what are inevitably highly politicized contexts. This paper reports on a study carried out for the European Commission to review the mechanisms of integration at strategic decision levels and to examine the role of SEA in helping to achieve better integration. This was undertaken by first reviewing integration and SEA in all EU member states and in a range of other countries and international financing organizations, and then analysing in detail 20 SEA and integration case studies at various strategic decision levels, primarily policy and plan levels. What is clear is that SEA at the most strategic level needs to be flexible in relating to the policy‐making process, but can bring significant advantages by providing a more systematic approach to the consideration of environmental issues. Existing institutional mechanisms may already provide elements of SEA that can be harnessed together in a more systematic process. At the most strategic levels qualitative, participation and communication processes become much more important than technical methodologies. SEA should be seen as complementary to the newly emerging tool of sustainability appraisal, although the exact relationship will depend upon the preferred interpretation of sustainable development. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. and ERP Environment.