bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of a structured meal replacement plan on weight loss and maintenance: a cross‐sectional analysis of 24‐week data of a mobile app‐assisted diet program
Authors: Lau Francis C. , Daggy Bruce P. , McManus Jamie F. 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundStudies have shown that a large initial weight loss combined with tracking tools for monitoring weight loss progress are predicative factors for a successful weight loss and maintenance program. The convenience of a portion‐controlled structured meal plan further contributes to the compliance of weight loss programs. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the effects of a longer‐term, two‐phase, structured meal replacement, mobile app‐assisted weight loss program.MethodsParticipants were on a customizable two‐replacement‐one‐self‐prepared structured meal plan for 12 weeks (weight loss phase) followed by a one‐replacement‐two‐self‐prepared meal plan for an additional 12 weeks (weight maintenance phase). A total of 173 overweight/obese adults (138 females and 35 males) completed the 24‐week program with the following baseline demographics: age = 47.0 y, body weight = 206.1 lb, BMI = 33.2 kg/m2. Participants were required to sign up for a mobile application that tracks self‐reported data. Weekly data were analyzed on individuals reporting their body weight. Data were normalized by baseline transformation and comparisons at different time points were assessed by ANOVA. Two‐tailed t‐test was used for baseline comparison at specific time points. Statistical significance was set at P<0.05.ResultsParticipants lost an average of 15.2 lb or 7.4% of their initial body weight (t‐test, P<0.0001) and their BMI was significantly reduced from 33.2 to 30.8 kg/m2 (t‐test, P<0.0001) during the weight loss period (after 12 weeks). A significant initial weight loss of 4.75 lb (t‐test, P<0.001) was observed after two weeks. No significant change in body weight (ANOVA, P=0.9997) was observed during weight maintenance period (week‐12 through week‐24). The average body weight during the 12‐week maintenance phase was 192 lb and the difference in body weight between week‐12 and week‐24 was not statistically significant (t‐test, P=0.62). No significant adverse events were reported.ConclusionsThe findings indicated that this longer‐term two‐phase structured meal replacement program, combined with a convenient tracking tool and significant initial weight loss, was well‐tolerated and was effective in promoting weight loss after 12 weeks and supporting successful subsequent weight loss maintenance for an additional 12 weeks.
Positive changes in parenting strategies of a workshop in a Mexican urban adult population
Authors: Perez‐Lizaur Ana Bertha , Fernandez‐Gaxiola Ana C , Damacio Maria Jose I , Ralph‐Steines Jennifer I 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveTo describe the impact of an 8‐session workshop for improving healthy eating habits given by community health workers on parenting strategies.MethodsWe used a pretest‐posttest design without control group. A validated parenting strategies assessment questionnaire was self‐administered. We used t tests and χ2 tests to evaluate pretest and posttest differences, by site of the workshop group.ResultsA total of 418 parents/caregivers were included (93% women and 7% men), most of them of 30 to 39 years old. Most fathers were employers and most mothers were housewives (34.5% and 54.0%, respectively). Mean educational level for participants was secondary school (i.e 9 years of school). Workshops were carried out in three sites and we observed positive significant changes in all of them (p < 0.05). We observed pre‐post (mean± SD) significant score changes (p < 0.05) among parents/caregivers strategies of control, discipline, monitoring, limiting, and reinforcing their children eating habits (18.83±5.66 vs. 13.55 ± 8.22; 15.38 ± 5.58 vs. 13.29 ± 8.43; y 24.71 ± 6.57 vs. 21.35 ± 11.68; 22.82 ± 6.86 vs. 19.75 ± 11.21; and 6.41 ± 3.92 vs. 5.76 ± 3.62 respectively). Some of the observed changes may benefit the eating habits of children.Support or Funding InformationFundación SERTULL AC
Estimation of Usual Intakes of Occasionally‐Consumed Foods among Adults Residing in Seoul Metropolitan Area, Korea
Authors: Kim Dong Woo , Lee Jung Eun , Kim Jeongseon , Oh Kyungwon , Joung Hyojee , Paik Hee Young 
Published: November 2023

ObjectivesUnlike most nutrients, which is consumed daily, estimating usual intake of foods or dishes that are consumed only occasionally need to be estimated by calculating the probability of consumption and the amount consumed for those days. The aim of this study is to evaluate the application of an analytical model to estimate the distribution of usual intake of occasionally‐consumed foods among adults residing in Seoul metropolitan area.DesignTo estimate the usual intake of foods, whether or not increasing the FFQ frequency is associated with consumption frequency of 12‐day dietary records (12DR) was assessed from 288 adults. The Multiple Source Method (MSM) was applied to a randomly selected 2DR using the FFQ frequency as a covariate.ResultsFor all seven food groups, and 89 of 106 individual foods (84%), there was a significant correlation between FFQ frequency and consumption frequency of 12DR. Usual food intake distributions that were estimated by MSM showed similar extreme estimates (5th, 95th percentiles) when compared with 12DR, more so than when 12DR was compared with 2DR. In addition, the proportion of non‐consumer was reduced for most individual foods and food groups and was comparable with those of 12DR.ConclusionA significant correlation between FFQ frequency and consumption frequency of DR was observed (84%). Using at least 2 days of DR with frequency information such as a FFQ, usual food intake and the proportion of true‐nonconsumers could be estimated more accurately.Support or Funding InformationThe present study was supported by the National Cancer Center Korea (grant no. 0720660).
Caffeine Exposure in Adults with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Bart‐Greenough Jessica , Harris Cristen , Kloubec June , Wenner Cynthia A. , Mischley Laurie 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveMultiple Sclerosis (MS) is a degenerative disease with no known cure, therefore finding ways to slow the progression and treat the symptoms is imperative. Caffeine or caffeine‐containing beverages have been shown to slow progression or decrease symptoms. The goal of this survey is to describe the caffeine exposure within the MS population.MethodsThis period prevalence study uses an online questionnaire to assess caffeinated beverage consumption habits of participants with MS over the past six months. Caffeine questions assess whether participants consume caffeinated beverages including coffee, espresso, decaffeinated coffee, decaffeinated espresso, instant coffee, black tea, green tea, soda, diet soda, energy drinks, and energy shots. All questions are part the Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) Care in MS survey.ResultsThe total number of respondents to the CAM Care in MS Survey was 220. Diagnosis dates are as old as 1964, and as recent as 2015. The majority of respondents suffer from RRMS (65%), are female (85%), are married (66%), are Caucasian (94%), and have not suffered a relapse requiring hospitalization in the last six months (91%). There is a range of disability statuses reported within this group. No disability (EDSS 1) was reported by 31.6% of respondents, mild disability (EDSS 2) by 32.6%, moderate disability (EDSS 3) by 10.7%, gait disability (EDSS 4) by 6.0%, early cane disability (EDSS 5) by 4.2%, late cane disability (EDSS 6) by 4.7%, bilateral support (EDSS 7) by 4.2%, wheelchair dependent (EDSS 8) by 6.0%, and immobility (EDSS 9) by 0%. A sample (n=17) of the CAM Care in MS survey responded to the question “Do you drink caffeinated beverages?”. Of those, 59% said yes. Of the sample who said yes, drinking coffee and espresso were reported by 75% of respondents, green tea by 64%, black tea by 58% soda by 33%, decaffeinated coffee and diet soda by 8%, and energy drinks and energy shots by 0%.ConclusionThe primary source of caffeine from beverages in this population was coffee and espresso. Green and black tea were consumed, but to a lesser degree. Few people reported consuming soda of any type and no respondents reported consuming energy drinks or shots. If caffeine is a factor in MS, then identifying and quantifying sources is important for gaining insight into the correlation between caffeine consumption and current disability status. Lack of effective treatment for MS makes finding ways to slow progression paramount, especially if that can be done through modifiable lifestyle factors.
Diet Quality Associated with Total Sodium Intake in US Adults Aged ≥18 Years – National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2009–2012
Authors: Mercado Carla , Cogswell Mary , Perrine Cria , Gillespie Cathleen 
Published: November 2023

Diet quality or macronutrient composition of diets among adults with a sodium intake of <2300 mg/day in the US is unknown. We investigated differences in diet on the days dietary sodium was < 2300 mg compared to ≥ 2300 mg. Using 24‐hour dietary recall data from the 2009–2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, we examined the association between diet quality [macronutrients and Healthy Eating Index 2010 (HEI‐2010) components] and dietary sodium among 24‐hour dietary recalls from adults aged 18 years or older. Linear regression analysis adjusted for total caloric intake, age, gender, and race/ethnicity was used to test the relationship between HEI‐2010 components and nutrient densities (per 1000 kcal) with dietary sodium. In addition, mean score for each HEI‐2010 component and total score, with higher scores representing a favorable diet quality, were estimated by dietary sodium <2300 mg and ≥2300 mg. With greater dietary sodium, average protein, fiber, and fat densities were higher and total carbohydrates density was lower. In addition, average meat protein, dairy, vegetable, and refined grains densities were higher and total fruit density was lower with greater dietary sodium. Average seafood protein, plant protein, and whole grains densities did not vary with dietary sodium. Total HEI‐2010 scores on days with sodium intakes <2,300 mg (51.71, 95% confidence interval (CI) =50.75, 52.67) were greater compared to those with sodium intakes ≥2300 mg (48.81, 95% CI = 48.07, 49.55). Overall diet quality, but not all of the individual components, was better on days with dietary sodium intake <2300 mg versus ≥2300 mg.Support or Funding InformationThere are no sources of funding for this project.
Evidence Mapping: Resistant Starch Interventions and Health Outcomes
Authors: Sawicki Caleigh M , Shah Vrushabh , Livingston Kara A , Roberts Susan B , Chung Mei , McKeown Nicola M 
Published: November 2023

Resistant starch has potential health benefits including improving glycemic control, increasing satiety, and gut health. The aim of this project was to use evidence mapping methodology to summarize published data on the relationship between resistant starch consumption and several physiological health outcomes. A newly developed fiber database, comprised of human intervention studies published from 1946 to September 2013, identified 76 publications detailing dietary interventions using resistant starch. Within the 76 publications, 104 resistant starch interventions were identified, which varied widely in description of type and/or source of resistant starch. Descriptive analyses were performed to summarize study design characteristics, exposures, and outcomes, and weighted scatter plots were used to visualize gaps in the current body of research. The majority of studies were randomized crossover designs (74%) in adult populations (92%). The physiological health outcomes most frequently studied were colonic fermentation/short chain fatty acid production (17%), postprandial glucose and insulin metabolism (16%), and fecal bulking/laxation (10%). There was little available information on blood pressure, blood lipids, and transit time. Only 7 studies (9%) had a sample size of more than 50 subjects, and 37% of interventions were acute studies that lasted less than 2 days. The effect of resistant starch on health outcomes among overweight, obese, or metabolically at‐risk subjects is lacking, reported in only 19% of studies. Moving forward, dietary intervention studies examining the effect of different resistant starches could be of longer duration in a wider range of subjects and health outcomes, and a meta‐analysis could be employed to synthesize the research and strengthen the cumulative evidence on this topic.Support or Funding InformationThis project was supported by a grant from the International Life Science Institute ‐ North America Branch, Technical Committee on Carbohydrates
Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions and lipid profiles: a community‐based study
Authors: Huang Shue , Huang Zhe , Li Junjuan , Jin Cheng , Keller Kathleen Loralee , Shearer Greg , Wu Shouling , Gao Xiang 
Published: November 2023

OBJECTIVE/BACKGROUNDSeveral lipid‐related hormones and peptides, such as glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) and leptin are linked to regulation of gustatory and olfactory function. We thus hypothesized that individuals with gustatory and/or olfactory dysfunction have higher blood cholesterol concentrations. We tested this hypothesis in a Chinese community‐based study.METHODSIn this cross‐sectional study conducted in 2012, we enrolled 10,072 Chinese participants (8,487 men and 1,585 women, mean age 53.4 years) who did not take hypolipidemic agents. We asked perceived olfactory and gustatory dysfunction for at least 3 months via a questionnaire. Participants were categorized into three groups based on the number of these chemosensory dysfunctions, ranging from 0 to 2. We collected 12‐hour overnight fasting blood samples and assessed concentrations of low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C), high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C), triglyceride, and total cholesterol (TC). TC concentration was taken as a primary outcome of the current analysis. The General Linear Model was used to test differences in concentrations of TC and other lipids across groups with different olfactory and gustatory status, after adjusting for potential confounders such as demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, smoking, obesity and history of cardiovascular disease, cancer and head injury. We further tested the interaction between potential risk factors and the chemosensory function.RESULTSPrevalence of olfactory dysfunction was 2.30% and gustatory dysfunction was 1.25%. The adjusted means were 5.53, 5.32 and 5.13 mmol/l for individuals with two, one and zero chemosensory dysfunctions, respectively (P‐trend=0.008). Those with greater chemosensory dysfunction were also more likely to have higher concentration of LDL‐C (P‐trend =0.07), but not HDL‐C and triglyceride (P‐trend>0.2 for both), compared with those with less chemosensory dysfunction. Subgroup analyses showed that the associations between chemosensory dysfunction and TC concentrations were more pronounced in participants aged 60 years or younger, non‐smokers, and those without alcohol consumption, respectively, relative to their counterparts (P‐interaction<0.05 for all).CONCLUSIONIn this large cross‐sectional study, olfactory and gustatory dysfunction was associated with higher blood concentrations of TC. Further prospective study is needed to investigate the temporal relation between these chemosensory dysfunctions and hyperlipidemia.Support or Funding InformationNINDS R21NS08723502
Dietary predictors of exposure to multiple toxic metals in school age children
Authors: Kordas Katarzyna , Peregalli Fabiana , Vahter Marie , Hsiao Pao Ying , Manay Nelly , Queirolo Elena 
Published: November 2023

Food could play a role in children's toxicant exposure, but intake of specific nutrients could be protective. We studied food groups, food patterns, and nutrient intake in relation to urinary biomarkers of antimony (Sb), cadmium (Cd), uranium (U), lead (Pb) and cobalt (Co) in a cross‐sectional study of 328 Uruguayan children (6.7±0.5 y; 55% boys). Metals in urine were measured with ICP‐MS. Dietary factors were derived from 2 non‐consecutive 24‐hr recalls completed by mothers. Metal exposure was low. A single factor (Eigenvalue 1.1) of multiple exposure was identified with factor loadings >0.40 for Sb, Cd, U, Pb and >0.20 for Co. Higher scores were associated with family cultivating or consuming homegrown produce (β [95% CI]: 0.3 [0.1, 0.5]). In OLS models adjusted for home produce cultivation, school location, maternal education and employment, above‐median dairy consumption (−0.1 [−0.3, 0.0] and protein intake (−0.2 [−0.4, 0.0]) were each related with lower exposure factor score. Diet is not a major source of children's exposure to metals. Benefits of higher dairy/protein intake need to be investigated further.Support or Funding InformationNIEHS, R21 ES019949, 1R21 ES16523‐01
Aging Increases Markers of Inflammation and Alters Brain‐Gut Interactions
Authors: Hoffman Jared , Bakshi Vikas , Parikh Ishita , Guo Janet , Armstrong Rachel , Estus Steve , Lin Ai‐Ling 
Published: November 2023

Aging is the perhaps the greatest risk factor for the development of numerous health concerns, namely, neurological disorders such as Alzeimer's Disease (AD). Age is generally defined as the collection of deleterious changes to cells and tissues over time that increases one's risk of disease. These changes include increased inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and decreased immune function. Further, certain variations in gut microbiota have been implicated in the development of obesity, inflammation, and recently, neurological disease. We hypothesize that alterations of the gut microbiome from age may cause dysregulated brain‐gut communication, promoting inflammation and ultimately, neurological disease. Thus, the objective of this study was to examine the influence of the aging process on the brain‐gut axis and how these collectively affect overall neurological function. We used a multi‐disciplinary approach to address brain‐gut interaction in reflection on brain physiology and cognitive function, including neuroimaging, 16s genomic sequencing of the gut microbiome, cognitive and behavioral testing, and brain metabolomic assessment. In agreement with the hypothesis, our preliminary data indicate deleterious modifications of the gut microbiota, decreased cerebral blood flow, distorted cognitive function, and amplified markers of inflammation in old mice compared to that of young mice.Support or Funding InformationThis research was supported by NIH grant K01AG040164
Optimizing Nutrition Care in Hospital: Understanding Current Nutrition Practices through Focus Groups and Interviews
Authors: Laur Celia V , Keller Heather H 
Published: November 2023

The More‐2‐Eat (M2E) project aims to optimize nutrition care in Canadian hospitals through use of the Integrated Nutrition Pathway for Acute Care (INPAC). By optimizing nutrition care, the M2E project aims to impact performance of the healthcare system by ensuring that malnutrition and poor food intake are prevented, detected and treated, hence promoting the recovery, function and quality of life of patients, with particular attention on the needs of frail elderly.Before making a change to nutrition culture in hospital, it is important to understand current attitudes and practices related to nutrition care from a variety of hospital staff and management perspectives. As part of baseline data collection for M2E, interviews (n=40) and focus groups (n=11) were conducted with staff and management from 5 Canadian hospitals, in 4 provinces. Thematic analysis of transcripts is currently underway and preliminary findings identify facilitators and barriers regarding incorporation of nutrition screening tools, provision of standard nutrition care, use of nutrition assessment tools, incorporation of nutrition into the discharge process, and suggestions for making change in the hospital.Initial results indicate that communication is a problem across departments. Although communication between individuals is seen as strong, it is not always clear who is responsible for certain tasks, there are often several steps required to communicate a patient need/care, and it is not always clear how to communicate patient needs to effect change in behaviour of staff. There is also a lack of ownership regarding mealtimes, making it more difficult to make a change if no one is accountable. The staff care about nutrition and their patients, however need specific and manageable tasks which can be built into their current workload. Change should begin small and be tested for feasibility before upscaling. Incorporating all staff will be essential for this culture change.The results of the focus groups and interviews will be summarized for each unit and presented back to them as a starting point, along with quantitative data on their current processes. Feedback of this data will be used to stimulate change in nutrition care on the unit. Understanding the facilitators, barriers and opportunities to change are essential when optimizing nutrition care in hospital.Support or Funding InformationThis research is funded by the Technology Evaluation in the Elderly Network (TVN), which is supported by the Government of Canada through the Networks of Centres of Excellence program.
An Examination of BMI and Daily Nutritional Intake, comparing Chinese Senior Immigrants in North Virginia and Chinese Senior residents in China
Authors: Dong Mengyi , Pawloski Lisa , Sun Yingxin 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between nutrient intake and BMI among U.S. Chinese senior immigrants and Chinese seniors residing in China.MethodsThis study analyzes data from a convenience sample of 41 first generation U.S. Chinese immigrants with 52 Chinese senior residents living in the Dalian and Guangdong provinces. Data analyzed included: BMI, daily calorie, sugar, saturated fat, protein, fiber, sodium, folate, potassium, and vitamin B‐12. Dietary data were collected using 24‐hour dietary recall method and BMI were calculated using height and weight data. T‐tests and correlation were used to determine relationships intake between dietary intake and BMI in the two groups.ResultsThe immigrant group has significantly lower BMI, calorie intake, and nutrient intake compared to the resident group. The calorie intake was lower by 27.07%, and the largest difference was found in sodium and vitamin B‐12, which was lower by 39.42% and 60.97%, respectively. All investigated nutrients are highly correlated with daily calorie intake (p < 0.01), except vitamin B‐12 intake in the Chinese resident group (p < 0.05). Vitamin B‐12 has the largest variation in both groups. BMI is correlated with sugar intake in both groups, and sodium in the resident group (p < 0.05).ConclusionsAmong Chinese seniors, BMI is highly associated with daily sugar intake instead of calorie, protein, fat or carbohydrates intake. Further, a high sodium diet may result in high BMI. This study presents one of first to examine the relationship between nutrient intake and BMI among Chinese senior immigrants and residents.