bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diurnal oscillations of MRI metrics in the brains of male participants
Authors: Carlucci Matthew , Lett Tristram , Chavez Sofia , Malinowski Alexandra , Lobaugh Nancy J. , Petronis Art 
Published: November 2023

AbstractRegulation of biological processes according to a 24-hr rhythm is essential for the normal functioning of an organism. Temporal variation in brain MRI data has often been attributed to circadian or diurnal oscillations; however, it is not clear if such oscillations exist. Here, we provide evidence that diurnal oscillations indeed govern multiple MRI metrics. We recorded cerebral blood flow, diffusion-tensor metrics, T1 relaxation, and cortical structural features every three hours over a 24-hr period in each of 16 adult male controls and eight adult male participants with bipolar disorder. Diurnal oscillations are detected in numerous MRI metrics at the whole-brain level, and regionally. Rhythmicity parameters in the participants with bipolar disorder are similar to the controls for most metrics, except for a larger phase variation in cerebral blood flow. The ubiquitous nature of diurnal oscillations has broad implications for neuroimaging studies and furthers our understanding of the dynamic nature of the human brain.
Growth in fluctuating light buffers plants against photorespiratory perturbations
Authors: von Bismarck Thekla , Wendering Philipp , Perez de Souza Leonardo , Ruß Jeremy , Strandberg Linnéa , Heyneke Elmien , Walker Berkley J. , Schöttler Mark A. , Fernie Alisdair R. , Nikoloski Zoran , Armbruster Ute 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPhotorespiration (PR) is the pathway that detoxifies the product of the oxygenation reaction of Rubisco. It has been hypothesized that in dynamic light environments, PR provides a photoprotective function. To test this hypothesis, we characterized plants with varying PR enzyme activities under fluctuating and non-fluctuating light conditions. Contrasting our expectations, growth of mutants with decreased PR enzyme levels was least affected in fluctuating light compared with wild type. Results for growth, photosynthesis and metabolites combined with thermodynamics-based flux analysis revealed two main causal factors for this unanticipated finding: reduced rates of photosynthesis in fluctuating light and complex re-routing of metabolic fluxes. Only in non-fluctuating light, mutants lacking the glutamate:glyoxylate aminotransferase 1 re-routed glycolate processing to the chloroplast, resulting in photooxidative damage through H2O2production. Our results reveal that dynamic light environments buffer plant growth and metabolism against photorespiratory perturbations.
Integrative analysis reveals a conserved role for the amyloid precursor protein in proteostasis during aging
Authors: Nithianandam Vanitha , Bukhari Hassan , Leventhal Matthew J. , Battaglia Rachel A. , Dong Xianjun , Fraenkel Ernest , Feany Mel B. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAβ peptides derived from the amyloid precursor protein (APP) have been strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease. However, the normal function of APP and the importance of that role in neurodegenerative disease is less clear. We recover the Drosophila ortholog of APP, Appl, in an unbiased forward genetic screen for neurodegeneration mutants. We perform comprehensive single cell transcriptional and proteomic studies of Appl mutant flies to investigate Appl function in the aging brain. We find an unexpected role for Appl in control of multiple cellular pathways, including translation, mitochondrial function, nucleic acid and lipid metabolism, cellular signaling and proteostasis. We mechanistically define a role for Appl in regulating autophagy through TGFβ signaling and document the broader relevance of our findings using mouse genetic, human iPSC and in vivo tauopathy models. Our results demonstrate a conserved role for APP in controlling age-dependent proteostasis with plausible relevance to Alzheimer’s disease.
Intrinsic room-temperature ferromagnetism in a two-dimensional semiconducting metal-organic framework
Authors: Feng Sihua , Duan Hengli , Tan Hao , Hu Fengchun , Liu Chaocheng , Wang Yao , Li Zhi , Cai Liang , Cao Yuyang , Wang Chao , Qi Zeming , Song Li , Liu Xuguang , Sun Zhihu , Yan Wensheng 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe development of two-dimensional (2D) magnetic semiconductors with room-temperature ferromagnetism is a significant challenge in materials science and is important for the development of next-generation spintronic devices. Herein, we demonstrate that a 2D semiconducting antiferromagnetic Cu-MOF can be endowed with intrinsic room-temperature ferromagnetic coupling using a ligand cleavage strategy to regulate the inner magnetic interaction within the Cu dimers. Using the element-selective X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) technique, we provide unambiguous evidence for intrinsic ferromagnetism. Exhaustive structural characterizations confirm that the change of magnetic coupling is caused by the increased distance between Cu atoms within a Cu dimer. Theoretical calculations reveal that the ferromagnetic coupling is enhanced with the increased Cu-Cu distance, which depresses the hybridization between 3d orbitals of nearest Cu atoms. Our work provides an effective avenue to design and fabricate MOF-based semiconducting room-temperature ferromagnetic materials and promotes their practical applications in next-generation spintronic devices.
Unprecedented confinement time of electron plasmas with a purely toroidal magnetic field in SMARTEX-C
Authors: Lachhvani Lavkesh , Pahari Sambaran , Goswami Rajiv , Yeole Yogesh G. , Shah Minsha , Mohurle Nikhil , Chattopadhyay Prabal K. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractConfinement time of electron plasmas trapped using a purely toroidal magnetic field has been found to exceed $${100}\, \hbox {s}$$

100

s

in a small aspect ratio ($$R_{o}/a \sim {1.59}$$

R
o

/
a
∼

1.59

, $$R_o$$

R
o

and a are device major and minor radius, respectively), partial torus. It improves upon the previously reported confinement time by nearly two orders of magnitude. Lifetime is estimated from the frequency scaling of the linear diocotron mode launched from sections of the wall, that are also used for mode diagnostics. Confinement improves as neutral pressures are reduced to $$< 5 \times 10^{-10} \hbox{mbar}$$

<
5
×

10

-
10

mbar

in the presence of a steady state magnetic field of 200 Gauss ($$\sim {60}\, \hbox {s}$$

∼
60

s

with droop $$< 0.1\%$$

<
0.1
%

) at $${100}\, \hbox {V}$$

100

V

electron injection energies. With reduced pressures the role of (ion driven) instability diminishes and loss mechanisms resulting from elastic electron–neutral (e–n) and the ubiquitous electron–electron (e–e) scattering seem to play an important role which suggests low electron temperatures. The contribution to electron population resulting from the ionization of background neutral gas at these temperatures and pressures are expected to be insignificant and is corroborated in our experiments.
Bias against AI art can enhance perceptions of human creativity
Authors: Horton Jr C. Blaine , White Michael W. , Iyengar Sheena S. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe contemporary art world is conservatively estimated to be a $65 billion USD market that employs millions of human artists, sellers, and collectors globally. Recent attention paid to AI-made art in prestigious galleries, museums, and popular media has provoked debate around how these statistics will change. Unanswered questions fuel growing anxieties. Are AI-made and human-made art evaluated in the same ways? How will growing exposure to AI-made art impact evaluations of human creativity? Our research uses a psychological lens to explore these questions in the realm of visual art. We find that people devalue art labeled as AI-made across a variety of dimensions, even when they report it is indistinguishable from human-made art, and even when they believe it was produced collaboratively with a human. We also find that comparing images labeled as human-made to images labeled as AI-made increases perceptions of human creativity, an effect that can be leveraged to increase the value of human effort. Results are robust across six experiments (N = 2965) using a range of human-made and AI-made stimuli and incorporating representative samples of the US population. Finally, we highlight conditions that strengthen effects as well as dimensions where AI-devaluation effects are more pronounced.
Determining body height and weight from thoracic and abdominal CT localizers in pediatric and young adult patients using deep learning
Authors: Demircioğlu Aydin , Quinsten Anton S. , Umutlu Lale , Forsting Michael , Nassenstein Kai , Bos Denise 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this retrospective study, we aimed to predict the body height and weight of pediatric patients using CT localizers, which are overview scans performed before the acquisition of the CT. We trained three commonly used networks (EfficientNetV2-S, ResNet-18, and ResNet-34) on a cohort of 1009 and 1111 CT localizers of pediatric patients with recorded body height and weight (between January 2013 and December 2019) and validated them in an additional cohort of 116 and 127 localizers (acquired in 2020). The best-performing model was then tested in an independent cohort of 203 and 225 CT localizers (acquired between January 2021 and March 2023). In addition, a cohort of 1401 and 1590 localizers from younger adults (acquired between January 2013 and December 2013) was added to the training set to determine if it could improve the overall accuracy. The EfficientNetV2-S using the additional adult cohort performed best with a mean absolute error of 5.58 ± 4.26 cm for height and 4.25 ± 4.28 kg for weight. The relative error was 4.12 ± 4.05% for height and 11.28 ± 12.05% for weight. Our study demonstrated that automated estimation of height and weight in pediatric patients from CT localizers can be performed.
Conformational dynamics of α-synuclein and study of its intramolecular forces in the presence of selected compounds
Authors: Khatooni Zahed , Akhtari Keivan , Wilson Heather L. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractProtein misfolding and aggregation play crucial roles in amyloidogenic diseases through the self-assembly of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) in type II diabetes (T2D), Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). PD is the most common neurodegenerative disorder after AD, and is associated with the loss of dopaminergic signaling, which causes motor and nonmotor signs and symptoms. Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites are common pathological hallmarks of PD that are mainly composed of aggregates of disordered α-synuclein (α-Syn). There have been many efforts to develop chemical compounds to prevent aggregation or facilitate disruption of the aggregates. Furthermore, the roles and interactions of many compounds have yet to be revealed at the atomistic level, especially their impacts on the dynamics and chain-chain interactions of the oligomers, which are of interest in this study. The conformational diversity and detailed interactions among homo-oligomer chains of α-Syn are not fully discovered; identifying these might help uncover a practical approach to developing a potent therapy. In this study, we used an in-silico investigation to address the conformational diversity of α-Syn oligomer. The roles of several point mutations in protein aggregation in PD are known; we take this further by evaluating the interaction energies and contributions of all residues in stability and residue-chain interactions. In this study, we docked chemical derivatives of three compounds with high drug-likeness properties to evaluate the roles of our ligands in the conformational dynamicity of the oligomers, with emphasis on intramolecular forces. Free energy evaluation of the modeled inter and intramolecular interactions through MD simulation shows effective interaction and binding between α-Syn and our compounds. However, we find that they do not significantly disrupt the chain-chain interactions, compared to unliganded simulation.
Variability of groundwater fluoride and its proportionate risk quantification via Monte Carlo simulation in rural and urban areas of Agra district, India
Authors: Ali Shahjad , Baboo Agarwal Manish , Verma Sitaram , Islam Raisul , Kumar Deolia Rajesh , Singh Shailendra , Kumar Jitendra , Mohammadi Ali Akbar , Kumar Gupta Manoj , Fattahi Mehdi , Nguyen P. U. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study quantifies the groundwater fluoride contamination and assesses associated health risks in fluoride-prone areas of the city of Taj Mahal, Agra, India. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) risk model and Monte Carlo Simulations were employed for the assessment. Result revealed that, among various rural and urban areas Pachgain Kheda exhibited the highest average fluoride concentration (5.20 mg/L), while Bagda showed the lowest (0.33 mg/L). Similarly, K.K. Nagar recorded 4.38 mg/L, and Dayalbagh had 1.35 mg/L. Both urban and rural areas exceeded the WHO-recommended limit of 1.5 mg/L, signifying significant public health implications. Health risk assessment indicated a notably elevated probability of non-carcinogenic risk from oral groundwater fluoride exposure in the rural Baroli Ahir block. Risk simulations highlighted that children faced the highest health risks, followed by teenagers and adults. Further, Monte Carlo simulation addressed uncertainties, emphasizing escalated risks for for children and teenagers. The Hazard Quotient (HQ) values for the 5th and 95th percentile in rural areas ranged from was 0.28–5.58 for children, 0.15–2.58 for teenager, and 0.05–0.58 for adults. In urban areas, from the range was 0.53 to 5.26 for children, 0.27 to 2.41 for teenagers, and 0.1 to 0.53 for adults. Physiological and exposure variations rendered children and teenagers more susceptible. According to the mathematical model, calculations for the non-cancerous risk of drinking water (HQ-ing), the most significant parameters in all the targeted groups of rural areas were concentration (CW) and Ingestion rate (IR). These findings hold relevance for policymakers and regulatory boards in understanding the actual impact and setting pre-remediation goals.
Detection and characterization of putative hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates in microbiological diagnostics
Authors: Neumann Bernd , Stürhof Claudia , Rath Anca , Kieninger Bärbel , Eger Elias , Müller Justus U. , von Poblocki Alexander , Gerlitz Nadja , Wollschläger Paul , Schneider-Brachert Wulf , Schaufler Katharina , Klaper Kathleen , Steinmann Jörg 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae strains (hvKp) can cause invasive community-acquired infections in healthy patients of all ages. In this study, the prevalence of putative hvKp in a German tertiary center was investigated and hvKp were characterized by phenotypic and molecular assays. All K. pneumoniae isolates in routine microbiological diagnostics from a single center were screened by string-testing over a period of 6 months. String-test positive (≥ 0.5 mm) isolates were re-evaluated on different media and under various conditions (aerobe, anaerobe). For string-test positive isolates, genes (magA, iutA, rmpA and rmpA2) associated with hypermucoviscosity and hypervirulence were amplified by multiplex PCR. PCR-positive isolates were subjected to whole-genome sequencing and sedimentation and biofilm formation assays. From 1310 screened K. pneumoniae isolates in clinical routine 100 isolates (7.6%) were string test positive. From these, 9% (n = 9) were defined as putative hvKp (string-test+/PCR+). Highest rate of string-test-positive isolates was observed on MacConkey agar under aerobic conditions. Amongst these nine putative hvKp isolates, the international lineage ST23 carrying hvKp-plasmid pKpVP-1 was the most common, but also a rare ST86 with pKpVP-2 was identified. All nine isolates showed hypermucoviscosity and weak biofilm formation. In conclusion, 9% of string-positive, respectively 0.69% of all K. pneumoniae isolates from routine were defined as putative hypervirulent. MacConkey agar was the best medium for hvKp screening.
Assessing SimCLIM climate model accuracy in projecting Southern Levantine basin air temperature trends up to 2100
Authors: Salama Nada M. , Cai Rongshuo , Tonbol Kareem 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study evaluates the validity of forecasting air temperature ranges in 2100 using the SimCLIM climate projection model at spatial and temporal scales within the Southern Levantine basin. The model utilized historical air temperature data from 2000 to 2016, collected at seven southeastern Mediterranean stations, as well as 74 climate pattern ensembles integrated within SimCLIM. A combination of 40 global climate models (GCMs) and IPCC AR5 greenhouse gas emissions scenarios embedded in SimCLIM was employed to forecast mean, minimum, and maximum temperatures for 2100.The findings reveal that the average temperature increase in 2100, relative to the representative concentration pathways 2.6, 4.5, 6.0, and 8.5, will range between 0.8–1.17 °C, 1.48–2.0 °C, 2.1–3.8 °C, and 3.9–4.6 °C, respectively. Due to its acceptable accuracy, the SimCLIM model, incorporating 40 GCMs and 74 climate pattern ensembles, is highly recommended for forecasting future climate conditions. The model was evaluated using available temperature records in the study area, yielding a prediction percentage error of 2%, which strongly supports the use of SimCLIM.
The deep past in the virtual present: developing an interdisciplinary approach towards understanding the psychological foundations of palaeolithic cave art
Authors: Wisher Izzy , Pettitt Paul , Kentridge Robert 
Published: November 2023

AbstractVirtual Reality (VR) has vast potential for developing systematic, interdisciplinary studies to understand ephemeral behaviours in the archaeological record, such as the emergence and development of visual culture. Upper Palaeolithic cave art forms the most robust record for investigating this and the methods of its production, themes, and temporal and spatial changes have been researched extensively, but without consensus over its functions or meanings. More compelling arguments draw from visual psychology and posit that the immersive, dark conditions of caves elicited particular psychological responses, resulting in the perception—and depiction—of animals on suggestive features of cave walls. Our research developed and piloted a novel VR experiment that allowed participants to perceive 3D models of cave walls, with the Palaeolithic art digitally removed, from El Castillo cave (Cantabria, Spain). Results indicate that modern participants’ visual attention corresponded to the same topographic features of cave walls utilised by Palaeolithic artists, and that they perceived such features as resembling animals. Although preliminary, our results support the hypothesis that pareidolia—a product of our cognitive evolution—was a key mechanism in Palaeolithic art making, and demonstrates the potential of interdisciplinary VR research for understanding the evolution of art, and demonstrate the potential efficacy of the methodology.
Comparison between the efficacy of terbinafine and itraconazole orally vs. the combination of the two drugs in treating recalcitrant dermatophytosis
Authors: Hassaan Zinab Rabia Abo Almaati , Mohamed Hassan Abou Khodair , Eldahshan Ramadan Mohamed , Elsaie Mohamed L. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFungal infections are a challenging to treat cutaneous condition. Approximately 20–25% of humans are affected by superficial fungal infections that invade and multiply within keratinized tissues. To compare the efficacy of either terbinafine or itraconazole orally versus the combination of the two drugs in the treatment of recalcitrant dermatophytosis. The current study included 45 patients with recalcitrant dermatophytosis who were distributed into 3 groups (each of 15 patients); Group A received terbinafine 250 mg twice a day for 4 weeks. Group B received itraconazole 200 mg twice a day for 4 weeks. Group C received terbinafine 250 mg once daily and itraconazole 200 mg once daily for 4 weeks. The patients were followed up for 12 weeks after initiation of treatment by clinical and microbiological assessment to determine the cure rate. At the end of twelve weeks, 12 (80%) patients in group A; 13 (86.7%) patients in group B and 15 (100%) patients in group C were completely cured. Despite of cure rates being higher in the combined group C; yet results were not statistically significant (p = 0.207). Clinical cure rates were non significantly higher in itraconazole + terbinafine combined group (p = 0.207). Combination of terbinafine and itraconazole had a higher clinical and mycological cure rate when compared to the use of either drug alone as monotherapy. Further randomized, multicenter, large cohort studies are warranted to validate the use of combination antifungal treatments.
Association of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-17 levels with obsessive–compulsive disorder: a case–control study findings
Authors: Sarker Rapty , Qusar M. M. A. Shalahuddin , Islam Sardar Mohammad Ashraful , Bhuiyan Mohiuddin Ahmed , Islam Md. Rabiul 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental condition that affects many people and is characterized by recurring obsessions and compulsions. It significantly impacts individuals’ ability to function ordinarily daily, affecting people of all ages. This study aimed to investigate whether or not the cytokines granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-17 (IL-17) are involved in the pathophysiology of OCD. A case–control study with 50 OCD patients and 38 healthy volunteers served as the controls for this investigation. The levels of GM-CSF and IL-17 in the serum of both groups were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. In addition, the sociodemographic characteristics of the population under study were studied. Based on the findings of this study, OCD patients had significantly elevated levels of IL-17 than the controls, it appears that there may be a function for IL-17 in the pathophysiology of OCD. It was also discovered that the severity of OCD and IL-17 levels had a significant positive correlation. On the other hand, when comparing the levels of GM-CSF, there was no significant difference between the patients and the controls. This study provides evidence supporting the involvement of cytokine IL-17 in the pathophysiology of OCD. This study suggests IL-17 as a diagnostic biomarker for OCD and adds to our knowledge of the function that the immune system plays in this condition.