bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Iron‐Catalyzed Reductive C(aryl)—Si Cross‐Coupling of Diaryl Ethers with Chlorosilanes
Authors: Liu Pei , Wu Baowei , Cong Xuefeng , Kong Jie 
Published: November 2023

Comprehensive SummaryThe reductive cross‐coupling between C(aryl)—O and Si—Cl bonds is of much importance as a valuable strategy for the construction of C(aryl)—Si bonds but has remained a great challenge. Herein, we report a reductive cross‐coupling of diaryl ethers and chlorosilanes via strong electrophilic C(aryl)—O and Si—Cl bonds cleavage by iron catalysis, which constitutes an efficient protocol for the synthesis of a range of functionalized arylsilanes. The combination of low cost FeCl2 as the precatalyst and iPrMgCl as the reductant shows high activity in the successive cleavage of unactivated C(aryl)—O bonds of diaryl ethers and strong electrophilic Si—Cl bonds of chlorosilanes, allowing their cross‐coupling in a reductive fashion. The low‐valent iron species generated in situ by reduction of FeCl2 with iPrMgCl was proposed, which prefers to initially cleavage the C(aryl)—O bond of diaryl ethers with the chelation help of an o‐amide auxiliary.
Maladaptive daydreaming, emotional dysregulation, affect and internalized stigma in persons with borderline personality disorder and depression disorder: A network analysis
Authors: Pyszkowska Anna , Celban Julia , Nowacki Ari , Dubiel Izabela 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMaladaptive daydreaming (MD) manifests through experiences of excessive, long‐lasting daydreaming resulting in significant suffering, including isolation, distress and shame. Considering that one of its functions is a distraction from painful feelings, it is linked with escapism and plays a significant role in disorders associated with emotional dysregulation, maintaining negative symptoms, including internalized stigmatization and social withdrawal. The current study aimed to examine cognitive (internalized stigma), affective (affect, anhedonia, emotional dysregulation) and behavioural (escapism) aspects of MD in borderline personality disorder (BPD) and depression groups. The sample consisted of 188 persons, including 102 individuals with BPD. The results showed higher scores in emotional dysregulation, internalized stigma and escapism in the BPD group compared to the depression group; the subgroups did not vary in MD rates. The network analysis revealed significant differences between groups in variables dynamics, with links between MD and self‐suppression escapism, negative affect in the BPD group and MD with self‐suppression escapism and social withdrawal in the depression group. Emotionally dysregulation and internalized stigma factors posed as the most robust expected influence components in both networks, suggesting that the cognitive and affective factors, not strictly behavioural, are pivotal for one's functioning and regulation strategies in the groups studied. The current study allows for clinical implications in interventions focused on persons developing MD and emotional dysregulation symptoms, including persons with BPD and depression.
Influence of gender and combined estrogen–progestin oral contraceptive on parotid saliva flow rate, pH, and electrolytes concentration
Authors: Rovera Angela , Anderson Paul 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectivesEndocrinal variations within an individual impact the electrolyte composition, pH, and flow‐rate (FR) of saliva. The aim of this study was to evaluate the gender‐specific differences and the effect of combined estrogen‐progestin oral contraceptives (COCs) on FR, pH, and electrolyte concentrations in the parotid saliva (PS) of a group of healthy adults.Material and MethodsStimulated PS was collected from 20 healthy adults using a Lashley cup; 11 males, 8 females, and 1 female undertaking combined contraceptive therapy (levonorgestrel/ethinyloestradiol 0.1 mg + 0.02 mg). FR and pH were recorded for each saliva sample. Electrolytes concentrations (Na+, Ca2+, K+, Mg2+) were measured using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP‐OES). Statistical analysis was performed, and the significance level was set atp < .05.ResultsPS FR varied from 0.13 to 0.42 mL/min in females not taking any medication and from 0.08 to 0.5 mL/min in males not taking any medication. PS pH of females and males not taking any medication ranged from 6.23 to 7.50 and from 6.15 to 7.55. PS pH and FR of the female taking COCs were 6.5 and 0.1 mL/min. PS pH, FR, and electrolytes concentrations (Ca2+, Na+, K+, Mg2+) were not statistically significantly different between females and males not taking any medication. PS concentrations of Ca2+ and Na+were significantly higher in the females taking COCs than in the females not taking any medication. Whereas, concentrations of K+and Mg2+did not differ significantly between the females taking COCs and the females not taking any medication.ConclusionsThere are no significant gender‐specific differences in PS flow rate, pH, and electrolyte concentrations of Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, and K+. Combined hormonal oral contraceptive has a significant effect on PS flow rate, pH, Ca2+, and Na+concentrations. Whereas the PS concentration of K+and Mg2+are not influenced by COCs. These results warrant further investigation.
Auto‐dentin platelet‐rich fibrin matrix is an alternative biomaterial for different augmentation procedures: A retrospective case series report
Authors: Alrmali Abdusalam , Saleh Muhammad H. A. , Mazzocco John , Zimmer Jacob M. , Testori Tiziano , Wang Hom‐Lay 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectivesAutologous dentin grafts derived from extracted teeth have shown promise as bone graft materials for promoting bone regeneration. This retrospective case series aimed to evaluate clinical, radiographic, and histologic outcomes of using autologous dentin matrices in various bone regeneration procedures.Materials and MethodsThis case series included 26 eligible patients and encompassed 4 socket preservation cases, 5 cases of guided tissue regeneration, 5 cases of guided bone regeneration (GBR), 10 cases of sinus augmentation procedures, 2 immediate placement implants, and 2 socket shields. Dentin grafts were prepared from extracted teeth, cleaned, and processed. These grafts were combined with platelet‐rich fibrin (PRF) to create adhesive dentin matrices, then covered with collagen membranes for simultaneous guided bone augmentation cases. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were conducted before surgery and 4 months postoperatively to assess ridge dimensions. Histologic evaluation was performed through bone core biopsies for socket preservation cases at the 4‐month mark.ResultsA total of 42 implants were placed in 26 patients, with an average follow‐up of 32 months. Notably, two implant failures occurred following lateral maxillary sinus augmentation. CBCT scans at the 4‐month interval revealed bone coverage over implant platforms in the majority of cases. Histologic analysis from two cases of socket preservation demonstrated dentin granules enveloped by newly formed bone undergoing continuous remodeling. The quantitative histomorphometric assessment revealed a bone area of 42.8 ± 3.56%, a remaining graft area of 19.05 ± 4.58%, and a viable bone of 38.15 ± 7.84%.ConclusionsThe utilization of autologous dentin particles mixed with PRF proved effective as an alternative to conventional bone graft materials in GBR and maxillary sinus augmentation procedures. Larger controlled clinical trials are recommended to further substantiate these findings.
Relationship between baseline plasma p‐tau181 and longitudinal changes in cognition and structural brain measures in a cohort of cognitively unimpaired older adults
Authors: Pais Marcos V. , Kuo Chia‐Ling , Ances Beau M. , Wetherell Julie Loebach , Lenze Eric J. , Diniz Breno S. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractINTRODUCTIONPreclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD) affects a significant proportion of cognitively unimpaired (CU) older adults. Currently, blood‐based biomarkers detect very early changes in the AD continuum with great accuracy.METHODSWe measured baseline plasma phosphorylated tau (p‐tau)181 using electrochemiluminescence (ECL)‐based assay (MesoScale Discovery) in 533 CU older adults. Follow‐up lasted up to 18 months. Cognitive performance assessment included memory and cognitive control. Structural brain measures included cortical thickness, which includes the AD magnetic resonance imaging (AD MRI) signature, and hippocampal volume.RESULTSIn this cohort of CU older adults, baseline plasma p‐tau181 levels were not associated with short‐term changes in cognition and structural brain measures. Also, baseline plasma p‐tau levels did not influence the effects of behavioral interventions (exercise or mindfulness) on cognitive and structural brain changes.DISCUSSIONThe short follow‐up and healthy status of this CU cohort might have limited the sensitivity of plasma p‐tau181 in detecting changes associated with AD pathology.
How mothers help children learn to use everyday objects
Authors: Kaplan Brianna E. , Kasaba Isabella , Rachwani Jaya , Adolph Karen E. , Tamis‐LeMonda Catherine S. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractChildren must learn specific motor actions to use everyday objects as their designers intended. However, designed actions are not obvious to children and often are difficult to implement. Children must know what actions to do and how to execute them. Previous work identified a protracted developmental progression in learning designed actions—from nondesigned exploratory actions, to display of the designed action, to successful implementation. Presumably, caregivers can help children to overcome the challenges in discovering and implementing designed actions. Mothers of 12‐, 18‐ to 24‐, and 30‐ to 36‐month‐olds (N = 74) were asked to teach their children to open containers with twist‐off or pull‐off lids. Mothers’ manual and verbal input aligned with the developmental progression and with children's actions in the moment, pointing to the role of attuned social information in helping children learn to use objects for activities of daily living. However, mothers sometimes “overhelped” by implementing designed actions for children instead of getting children to do it themselves, highlighting the challenges of teaching novices difficult motor actions.
Fan‐hinged shear instead of frictional stick–slip as the main and most dangerous mechanism of natural, induced, and volcanic earthquakes in the earth's crust
Authors: Tarasov Boris G. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFrictional stick–slip instability along pre‐existing faults has been accepted as the main mechanism of earthquakes for about 60 years, since it is believed that fracture of intact rocks cannot reflect such features inherent in earthquakes as low shear stresses activating instability, low stress drop, repetitive dynamic instability, and connection with pre‐existing faults. This paper demonstrates that all these features can be induced by a recently discovered shear rupture mechanism (fan‐hinged), which creates dynamic ruptures in intact rocks under stress conditions corresponding to seismogenic depths. The key element of this mechanism is the fan‐shaped structure of the head of extreme ruptures, which is formed as a result of an intense tensile cracking process, with the creation of inter‐crack slabs that act as hinges between the shearing rupture faces. The preference of the fan mechanism over the stick–slip mechanism is clear due to the extraordinary properties of the fan structure, which include the ability to generate new faults in intact dry rocks even at shear stresses that are an order of magnitude lower than the frictional strength; to provide shear resistance close to zero and abnormally large energy release; to cause a low stress drop; to use a new physics of energy supply to the rupture tip, providing supersonic rupture velocity; and to provide a previously unknown interrelation between earthquakes and volcanoes. All these properties make the fan mechanism the most dangerous rupture mechanism at the seismogenic depths of the earth's crust, generating the vast majority of earthquakes. The detailed analysis of the fan mechanism is presented in the companion paper “New physics of supersonic ruptures” published in DUSE. Further study of this subject is a major challenge for deep underground science, earthquake and fracture mechanics, volcanoes, physics, and tribology.
Guarding and flow in the movements of people with chronic pain: A qualitative study of physiotherapists’ observations
Authors: Williams Amanda C. de C. , Buono Raffaele , Gold Nicolas , Olugbade Temitayo , Bianchi‐Berthouze Nadia 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundAmong the adaptations of movement consistently associated with disability in chronic pain, guarding is common. Based on previous work, we sought to understand better the constituents of guarding; we also used the concept of flow to explore the description of un/naturalness that emerged from physiotherapists' descriptions of movement in chronic pain. The aim was to inform the design of technical systems to support people with chronic pain in everyday activities.MethodsSixteen physiotherapists, experts in chronic pain, were interviewed while repeatedly watching short video clips of people with chronic low back pain doing simple movements; physiotherapists described the movements, particularly in relation to guarding and flow. The transcribed interviews were analysed thematically to elaborate these constructs.ResultsModerate agreement emerged on the extent of guarding in the videos, with good agreement that guarding conveyed caution about movement, distinct from biomechanical variables of stiffness or slow speed. Physiotherapists' comments on flow showed slightly better agreement, and described the overall movement in terms of restriction (where there was no flow or only some flow), of tempo of the entire movement, and as naturalness (distinguished from normality of movement).ConclusionsThese qualities of movement may be useful in designing technical systems to support self‐management of chronic pain.SignificanceDrawing on the descriptions of movements of people with chronic low back pain provided by expert physiotherapists to standard stimuli, two key concepts were elaborated. Guarding was distinguished from stiffness (a physical limitation) or slowness as motivated by fear or worry about movement. Flow served to describe harmonious and continuous movement, even when adapted around restrictions of pain. Movement behaviours associated with pain are better understood in terms of their particular function than aggregated without reference to function.
Comprehensive assessment of 12 commercial DNA‐binding dyes as alternatives to ethidium bromide for agarose gel electrophoresis
Authors: Bawane Hemangi , Kadam Komal , Mahale Vinit , Kulkarni Ram 
Published: November 2023

AbstractStaining and visualization of the nucleic acid bands on agarose gels using ethidium bromide (EB) has been a widely used technique in molecular biology. Although it is an efficient dye for this purpose, EB is known to be mutagenic and genotoxic in humans. This led to the emergence of various alternative dyes, which were claimed to be safer and more efficient than EB. However, these dyes portray varied sensitivity and interference with the electrophoretic mobility of nucleic acids. This work aimed at assessing ten nucleic acid‐binding dyes and two prestained dyes for these properties by three staining techniques, such as precasting, preloading, and poststaining. Of these, preloading was not suitable for any of the dye while poststaining worked optimal for most of them. Precasting was suitable for only four dyes viz. DNA Stain G, SYBR™ safe, EZ‐Vision® in‐gel, and LabSafe™. Poststaining was, in general, a costlier method than precasting. The work gives a comprehensive understanding of the performance of nucleic acid‐binding dyes for routine molecular biology experiments.
Recent advancements in implantable neural links based on organic synaptic transistors
Authors: Biswas Swarup , Jang Hyo‐won , Lee Yongju , Choi Hyojeong , Kim Yoon , Kim Hyeok , Zhu Yangzhi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe progress of brain synaptic devices has witnessed an era of rapid and explosive growth. Because of their integrated storage, excellent plasticity and parallel computing, and system information processing abilities, various field effect transistors have been used to replicate the synapses of a human brain. Organic semiconductors are characterized by simplicity of processing, mechanical flexibility, low cost, biocompatibility, and flexibility, making them the most promising materials for implanted brain synaptic bioelectronics. Despite being used in numerous intelligent integrated circuits and implantable neural linkages with multiple terminals, organic synaptic transistors still face many obstacles that must be overcome to advance their development. A comprehensive review would be an excellent tool in this respect. Therefore, the latest advancements in implantable neural links based on organic synaptic transistors are outlined. First, the distinction between conventional and synaptic transistors are highlighted. Next, the existing implanted organic synaptic transistors and their applicability to the brain as a neural link are summarized. Finally, the potential research directions are discussed.
Growing up without health insurance: Evidence from rural China
Authors: Fang Guanfu , Li Xin , Tang Tianyu 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis paper examines the long‐term effects of health insurance on children's educational attainment in a developing country. Utilizing the county‐by‐county rollout of the New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme in rural China, we find that exposure to the health insurance program in early life leads to improved educational attainment in adulthood. Empirical tests suggest that a short‐term increase in health care utilization is unlikely to be a potential channel. We provide some evidence for the channel that health insurance reduces household financial burdens and increases household expenditure on children's nutrition.
Stacked fibula flap for unilateral total maxillectomy reconstruction with orbital preservation
Authors: Chan Tyler G. , Nickel Chris , Solares Clementino , Irizarry Rachel , Pipkorn Patrik , Baddour Harry Michael , Gross Jennifer H. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractUnilateral total maxillectomy is indicated for locally advanced maxillary tumors that require complete removal of the midface bony structure and inferior orbital rim. Reconstruction of this defect is challenging due to aesthetic and functional concerns. A retrospective review of patients at two tertiary‐care institutions undergoing unilateral total maxillectomy reconstruction with a stacked fibula flap from 2018 to 2022 was performed. Each patient's clinical course was reviewed, and attention was focused on the demonstration of surgical steps with photos. Twenty patients underwent stacked fibula flap reconstruction for unilateral total maxillectomy orbital preservation defects. Surgical extirpation was performed for malignancy (80%, 16/20) and for osteoradionecrosis or benign tumor in 20% (4/20). The complication rate was 30% (6/20). Most flaps survived (95%, 19/20). We present a modified, reproducible method of fibula flap reconstruction for unilateral total maxillectomy with orbital preservation that only requires two segments and maintains positive aesthetic and functional results.
Accelerated three‐dimensional conformal radiotherapy for early‐stage glottic cancer in reducing dose to the internal carotid artery and pharyngeal constrictor muscles
Authors: Tomizawa Kento , Motegi Atsushi , Oyoshi Hidekazu , Fujisawa Takeshi , Zenda Sadamoto , Zhou Yuzheng , Nakamura Masaki , Hirata Hidenari , Hojo Hidehiro , Kageyama Shun‐ichiro , Hirotaki Kouta , Matsuura Kazuto , Akimoto Tetsuo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundWe evaluated clinical and dosimetric outcomes of radiotherapy using two anterior oblique portals (AOP), to reduce the dose to the bilateral internal carotid arteries (CAs) and pharyngeal constrictor muscle (PCM) during early‐stage glottic cancer (ESGC) treatment.MethodsWe identified patients with ESGC who underwent definitive radiotherapy between June 2014 and May 2020.ResultsAmong the 66 patients, 32 (48%) underwent radiotherapy using AOP, and the remaining underwent typical radiotherapy using parallel opposed lateral portals (POLP). The median follow‐up duration was 53 months. No significant differences were observed in the 5‐year local failure (0%/9.4%), progression‐free survival (90.6%/90.8%), and overall survival (90.6%/91.0%) rates between the two groups. The grade ≥2 acute mucositis incidence rate was significantly lower in the AOP group (44%/85%). Radiotherapy using AOP maintained an adequate dose coverage to the target while markedly reducing the CAs and PCM doses.ConclusionRadiotherapy with AOP resulted in favorable clinical and dosimetric outcomes.
Understanding and Overcoming Biochemical Diversity in AL Amyloidosis
Authors: Morgan Gareth J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAmyloid fibril deposition causes progressive tissue damage and organ failure in the systemic amyloid diseases, and therapies that suppress aggregation lead to clinical benefit. Small molecules that prevent aggregation by binding to precursor proteins are effective for amyloid transthyretin (ATTR) amyloidosis. However, in amyloid light chain (AL) amyloidosis, fibrils are formed by antibody light chains and every patient has a unique protein sequence that aggregates. The highly diverse sequences of these light chains appear to determine whether an individual is at risk of amyloidosis, the distribution of amyloid deposits and the progression of disease. Light chains are therefore challenging drug targets. This review explores the parallels between AL amyloidosis and ATTR amyloidosis to describe the discovery of small molecules that can stabilize light chains. These molecules have potential as therapies for AL amyloidosis, highlighting potential opportunities for drug discovery in other diseases of protein misfolding.
Engineering survivors: Students who persisted through academic failures
Authors: Emberley Amanda C. , Choi Dong San , Williams Taylor , Loui Michael C. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn the United States, the current 6‐year completion rate in engineering is a mere 54% among full‐time students who enter a 4‐year course. Researchers have identified many reasons why students leave engineering, including academic difficulties and poor teaching. However, the problems experienced by the departing students are also experienced by students who persist in engineering. Why do some students persist in engineering while others depart?PurposeWe sought to better understand persisters by investigating their responses to failure experiences. We left the definition of failure up to the students, who described experiences such as failing exams, failing courses, and temporarily abandoning their degree programs.Design/MethodWe interviewed 26 undergraduate engineering students who had persisted in engineering after failing a required technical course. Using thematic analysis, we analyzed the students' responses to their failure experiences and developed themes to describe their responses.ResultsWe constructed four themes to describe students' responses to failure experiences: unresponsive, avoidant, floundering, and rebounding.ConclusionsSince failure events are common among engineering students—even those who persist—we recommend that the engineering education community work toward removing the stigma traditionally associated with failure by normalizing failure as an opportunity for growth. We also recommend that faculty and administrators revise academic policies to promote student resilience and to enable learning from failure.