bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance evaluation of 2D MoS2-based solar cells and realization of transparent ultra-thin devices
Authors: Shweta  , Singh Vinamrita , Kumar Kaushal , Kumar Arun 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is an alternate absorber layer in 2D solar cells owing to its potential of proficient sunlight harvesting. The optimum electrical and optical properties of MoS2 validate it as a suitable photovoltaic absorber material. This work investigates the performance of 2D (and multi-layer) MoS2-based vertically stacked solar cell by numerical simulation process using one dimensional solar cell capacitance simulator (SCAPS). Two device configurations based on Schottky junction (ITO/n-MoS2/Au) and pn junction (ITO/n-MoS2/p-MoS2/Au) have been theoretically analyzed. The feasibility of ultra-thin transparent solar cells is also demonstrated, which is motivating from a technological outlook. Initially, the properties of the active layers are optimized to give the highest performance. The findings are explained on the basis of band alignment between the electrodes and the different layers. The potential barrier developed at the interface of different materials governs the output of the cells. The calculations forecast the material properties, which need to be tuned to fabricate solar cells with enhanced efficiency. After optimization, the highest efficiency obtained for single n-MoS2-based solar cell is 10.22%, while for the pn junction solar cell it is 16.86%. The optimized cells exhibit high open circuit voltages of ∼1.2 V, which is an essential factor for commercial realization of solar cells. Lastly, the performance of transparent solar cells based on thin 2D MoS2 films has been predicted which showcases the efficiency in the range of 0.78%–4.36%. These homo-junction device investigations of solely MoS2 layer along with employment of a strict control on the defects during deposition and fabrication of MoS2-based solar cells can ensure better performance of the device. Thus, it can open ways to develop next generation feasible solar cells with higher power density as compared to existing technology.
Magnetoresistance properties in nickel-catalyzed, air-stable, uniform, and transfer-free graphene
Authors: Chen Bo-Yu , Chen Bo-Wei , Uen Wu-Yih , Chen Chi , Chuang Chiashain , Tsai Dung-Sheng 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
A transfer-free graphene with high magnetoresistance (MR) and air stability has been synthesized using nickel-catalyzed atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition. The Raman spectrum and Raman mapping reveal the monolayer structure of the transfer-free graphene, which has low defect density, high uniformity, and high coverage (>90%). The temperature-dependent (from 5 to 300 K) current–voltage (I–V) and resistance measurements are performed, showing the semiconductor properties of the transfer-free graphene. Moreover, the MR of the transfer-free graphene has been measured over a wide temperature range (5–300 K) under a magnetic field of 0 to 1 T. As a result of the Lorentz force dominating above 30 K, the transfer-free graphene exhibits positive MR values, reaching ∼8.7% at 300 K under a magnetic field (1 Tesla). On the other hand, MR values are negative below 30 K due to the predominance of the weak localization effect. Furthermore, the temperature-dependent MR values of transfer-free graphene are almost identical with and without a vacuum annealing process, indicating that there are low density of defects and impurities after graphene fabrication processes so as to apply in air-stable sensor applications. This study opens avenues to develop 2D nanomaterial-based sensors for commercial applications in future devices.
Janus HfSSe monolayer: a promising candidate for SO2 and COCl2 gas sensing
Authors: Kumar Dalip , Kumar Rajesh , Chaurasiya Rajneesh 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Janus monolayers based on transition metal dichalcogenides have garnered significant interest as potential materials for nano electronic device applications due to their exceptional physical and electronic properties. In this study, we investigate the stability of the Janus HfSSe monolayer using ab initio molecular dynamics simulations and analyze the electronic properties in its pristine state. We then examine the impact of adsorbing toxic gas molecules (AsH3, COCl2, NH3, NO2, and SO2) on the monolayer’s structure and electronic properties, testing their adsorption on different active sites on top of hafnium, selenium, and sulfur. The sensitivity of the gas molecules is quantified in terms of their adsorption energy, with the highest and lowest energies being observed for SO2 (−0.278 eV) and NO2 (−0.095 eV), respectively. Additionally, we calculate other properties such as recovery time, adsorption height, Bader charge, and charge difference density to determine the sensitivity and selectivity of the toxic gas molecules. Our findings suggest that the Janus HfSSe monolayer has the potential to function as SO2 and COCl2 gas sensor due to its high sensitivity for these two gases.
Tit-for-tat dynamics and market volatility
Authors: Brânzei Simina 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We consider tit-for-tat dynamics in production markets, where there is a set of n players connected via a weighted graph. Each player i can produce an eponymous good using its linear production function, given as input various amounts of goods in the system. In the tit-for-tat dynamic, each player i shares its good with its neighbours in fractions proportional to how much they helped player i’s production in the last round. Our contribution is to characterize the asymptotic behaviour of the dynamic as a function of the graph structure, finding that the fortune of a player grows in the long term if and only if the player has a good self loop (i.e. the player works well alone) or works well with at least one other player. We also consider a generalized damped update, where the players may update their strategies with different speeds, and obtain a lower bound on their rate of growth by identifying a function that gives insight into the behaviour of the dynamical system. The model can capture circular economies, where players use each other’s products, and organizational partnerships, where fostering long-term growth of an organization hinges on creating relationships in which reciprocal exchanges between the agents in the organization are paramount.
A simulation study on the radiosensitization properties of gold nanorods
Authors: Taheri Ali , Khandaker Mayeen Uddin , Moradi Farhad , Bradley David Andrew 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective. Gold nanorods (GNRs) have emerged as versatile nanoparticles with unique properties, holding promise in various modalities of cancer treatment through drug delivery and photothermal therapy. In the rapidly evolving field of nanoparticle radiosensitization (NPRS) for cancer therapy, this study assessed the potential of gold nanorods as radiosensitizing agents by quantifying the key features of NPRS, such as secondary electron emission and dose enhancement, using Monte Carlo simulations. Approach. Employing the TOPAS track structure code, we conducted a comprehensive evaluation of the radiosensitization behavior of spherical gold nanoparticles and gold nanorods. We systematically explored the impact of nanorod geometry (in particular size and aspect ratio) and orientation on secondary electron emission and deposited energy ratio, providing validated results against previously published simulations. Main results. Our findings demonstrate that gold nanorods exhibit comparable secondary electron emission to their spherical counterparts. Notably, nanorods with smaller surface-area-to-volume ratios (SA:V) and alignment with the incident photon beam proved to be more efficient radiosensitizing agents, showing superiority in emitted electron fluence. However, in the microscale, the deposited energy ratio (DER) was not markedly influenced by the SA:V of the nanorod. Additionally, our findings revealed that the geometry of gold nanoparticles has a more significant impact on the emission of M-shell Auger electrons (with energies below 3.5 keV) than on higher-energy electrons. Significance. This research investigated the radiosensitization properties of gold nanorods, positioning them as promising alternatives to the more conventionally studied spherical gold nanoparticles in the context of cancer research. With increasing interest in multimodal cancer therapy, our findings have the potential to contribute valuable insights into the perspective of gold nanorods as effective multipurpose agents for synergistic photothermal therapy and radiotherapy. Future directions may involve exploring alternative metallic nanorods as well as further optimizing the geometry and coating materials, opening new possibilities for more effective cancer treatments.
Reduction of fast ion drag in the presence of ‘hollow’ non-Maxwellian electron distributions
Authors: Robinson A P L 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
It is argued that the electronic stopping power in a plasma should be expected to exhibit significant differences in the presence of effects that shift the electron distribution function away from a Maxwellian. This is potentially important for nuclear reactions produced by laser-driven ion beams, where non-Maxwellian effects may have to be considered. We have calculated the electronic stopping power for a number of model distributions. Importantly, comparisons with the Maxwellian are done under the condition of energy density parity. ‘Hollow’ electron distribution functions (e.g.

f
∝

v
n

f

max

) could be expected to show a reduced stopping power (when

v

i

/

v

t

<
1

). We show that this is indeed the case and that the difference can become a factor of 70. The super-Gaussian electron distribution function, on the other hand, will always show a higher stopping power than the Maxwellian for orders greater than 2.
Integrated 2T1C pixel circuit with a-Si TFT and NMOS for active matrix mini-LED displays
Authors: Zhong Chenming , Li Guangyao , Zheng Xi , Zhu Lihong , Zhuang Jianbang , Lu Yijun , Chen Zhong , Guo Weijie 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The 2T1C pixel driver circuit for mini-LED direct display has been proposed, which separates the switching transistor and the driver transistor from the same display substrate, replaces the driver transistor with n-metal oxide semiconductor (NMOS), and combines printed circuit board substrate and thin-film transistor (TFT) substrate to improve the driving capability of the circuit. The NMOS was soldered with mini-LEDs simultaneously onto a substrate which connects to the a-Si TFT array. Two driving modes for a 32-level gray-scale display panel were investigated to compare the voltage-current and optical characteristics. The results demonstrated that the drain-driving mode is better suited for high brightness and high-power display application scenarios as it supports higher-driven currents, but the source-driving mode is more appropriate for precision gray-scale applications due to the higher current linearity of the mode.
On the conclusive detection of Majorana zero modes: conductance spectroscopy, disconnected entanglement entropy and the fermion parity noise
Authors: Arora Arnav , Kejriwal Abhishek , Muralidharan Bhaskaran 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Semiconducting nanowires with strong Rashba spin–orbit coupling in the proximity with a superconductor and under a strong Zeeman field can potentially manifest Majorana zero modes (MZMs) at their edges and are a topical candidate for topological superconductivity. However, protocols for their detection based on the local and the non-local conductance spectroscopy have been subject to intense scrutiny. In this work, by taking current experimental setups into account, we detail mathematical ideas related to the entanglement entropy and the fermion parity fluctuations to faithfully distinguish between true MZMs and trivial quasi-MZMs. We demonstrate that the disconnected entanglement entropy, derived from the von Neumann entanglement entropy, provides a distinct and robust signature of the topological phase transition which is immune to system parameters, size and disorders. In order to understand the entanglement entropy of the Rashba nanowire system, we establish its connection to a model of interacting spinfull Kitaev chains. Moreover, we relate the entanglement entropy to the fermionic parity fluctuation, and show that it behaves concordantly with entanglement entropy, hence making it a suitable metric for the detection of MZMs. In connection with the topological gap protocol that is based on the conductance spectra, the aforesaid metrics can reliably point toward the topological transitions even in realistic setups.
Performance Evaluation of Single Slope Tilted Wick Solar Still with Varying Salt Concentrations
Authors: Negi Akashdeep , Ranakoti Lalit , Verma Rajesh P. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In this present article, a thorough study of a single-slope solar still has been conducted. The single slope solar still was modified with an inclined wick at 30°. The basin water was varied with different salt concentrations (0 %, 2 %, and 4 %). The study was performed for four different cases viz: (1) Conventional Solar Still (CSS) (2) Tilted wick Solar Still (TWSS) with 0 % salt concentration (3) TWSS with 2 % salt concentration (4) TWSS with 4 % salt concentration. The experiment was conducted under constant radiation of 500 W/m2 that was provided with the help of external panels. The functional correlation between basin water temperature (Tw) and time has been established. Moreover, from the obtained results best distillate output was acquired at 2 % salt concentration as the salt particles trapped inside the wick pores help to increase the evaporation rate effectively. The overall distillate output increased by 8.3 %, 17.5 %, and 8.5 % for Case 2, Case 3, and Case 4 when compared to Case 1 respectively.
Comparative Study of Voltage Equalizing Circuits for Photovoltaic String
Authors: Raghav Rashmi , Mittal Alok Prakash , Kumar Bhavnesh 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Partial shading is one of the inevitable condition that photovoltaic (PV) strings encounter. When photovoltaic strings are partially shaded, numerous peaks appear on their power versus voltage (P-V) characteristic curve, significantly reducing their ability to deliver power. This paper presents, three power electronics topologies that permit voltage equalization by charge redistribution between the PV modules wired in series. Three popular topologies, namely; switched-capacitor (SC), Buck-boost switched capacitor (BBSC) and PWM with switched capacitor (SC-PWM) converters have been examined. Complete experimentation have been done using MATLAB/Simulink environment. A comparative analysis have been done under various shading conditions. The findings demonstrate that the converters under consideration can improve the performance of string under partial shading.
Design of HVAC System using the Phenomena of Diurnal Temperature fluctuation
Authors: Kaname Prajwal , Jha Deepak , Kamble Kunal , Ghutke Rutuja , Jagtap Varsha P. , Kolekar Pratiksha , Gujar Shilpa 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The total energy usage of the domestic sector accounts for 35.3% of total global energy consumption of this percentage, 50% is used for room and domestic HVAC systems. We worked for designing a standard module to achieve the maximum temperature difference. In this paper Diurnal Temperature Variation phenomena has been studied. The standard Simulation of the HVAC system using Diurnal Temperature Variation has been performed. The current work is a scale down model of Ground Source Heat Pump which is totally renewable in nature. This scale down model works on Diurnal temperature variation. Diurnal temperature fluctuation is the temperature difference obtained during the daytime and night time with higher and lower soil temperature. Same phenomenon is used to obtain a cooling effect and heating effect as we go deeper inside the Earth. The current work is complete replica of Ground source heat pump where the application of this phenomenon is used. Air as a flowing media is used for heat transfer between soil. The air is meant to be flown through the capillary tubes and at certain depth we get a cooling or heating effect according to atmospheric conditions. Along with that we do have to care about the human leisure requirements, for the very purpose we are also passing some amount of fresh air along with reusing the cool air inside the room by flowing it through the walls of room to provide insulation against the infiltrating heat and other elements that add temperature inside the room. It has been identified the 10.40% reduction in atmospheric air and hence it can be concluded that the geothermal HVAC system can be a sustainable and energy efficient alternative to traditional HVAC system. Also identified that the geothermal HVAC systems offer a promising solution for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and increasing energy efficiency in the building sector.
Thermo-Economic Analysis of Organic Rankine Cycle with Different Working Fluids for Waste Heat Recovery from Coal-based Power Plant
Authors: Choudhary Nitesh Kumar , Karmakar Sujit 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The utilization of waste heat from power plants, which is generally lost to the atmosphere, can reduce energy waste significantly. Heat recovery systems can be integrated with power plants to utilize the waste heat, improving plant energy efficiency and reducing fossil fuel consumption and carbon emissions. The current study is focused on harnessing waste heat through the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) from 500 MWe supercritical power plant with CO2 capture. The simulation flow sheet program “Cycle-Tempo” models and simulates different plant layouts. This study considered five different working fluids for ORC, such as R245fa, Benzene, Methanol, Ethanol, and Acetone. The ORC generates additional electricity of 9.91 MWe for R245fa, 14.11 MWe for Benzene, 13.71 MWe for Methanol, 14.04 MWe for Ethanol and 13.97 MWe for Acetone. The thermodynamic study concludes that ORC based on benzene is the best, and the economic analysis discloses that ORC based on ethanol is the best among all working fluids with a payback period of 0.869 years and cost of electricity of Rupees 1.101 per kWh. This study also concludes that the novel technique used in the present study is economically viable, contributing to a more energy-efficient and environmentally friendly power generation system.
Traditionally Originated Modern Technology Motivated Passive Downdraft Cooling System: An Eco-friendly Triple Harvest Solution
Authors: Bhatia Himmat 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
With rising heat waves and climate change, the big cities are meshing up with the buildings woven in urban fabric that are becoming power-guzzling air-conditioning machines that increase energy demand multi-fold. This has the side effect of heating up the environment because the return heat from air conditioners mixes with the surrounding air. This dents the microclimate and makes the micro and macro systems worse, as this process is continuous without break. So it will be a disaster for the environment in the future. To mitigate the problem, the paper borrows traditional wisdom to merge with smart technology and create comfortable built spaces in hot-dry and hot-humid weather conditions, based on the principles of evaporative cooling, the venturi effect, and the faraday law of electromagnetic induction. The output of adopting these principles creates comfort conditions for air ventilation with improved air quality and a natural air-conditioning system, ensuring the luxury of contact-free cool air in habitable spaces. The process is based on interoperability, which is built into the system to self-generate and consume renewable energy. The integration of information into the system is a spontaneous cycle of production and consumption of energy. This ensures its self-sufficiency, which bridges the research gap in the design of an upgraded passive downdraft cooling system with three self-sufficient and effective benefits in a single system.
A Comprehensive Analytical Study of Electric Vehicle’s Dynamics and its Essential Parameters
Authors: Madheshiya Pankaj , Maurya Arun Kumar , Rai Anil Kumar 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Electric vehicles (EVs) have become a popular and environmentally beneficial replacement for traditional internal combustion engine cars in recent years. This change has significantly increased research interest in comprehending the dynamics and key parameters of electric vehicles. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive analytical study of electric vehicle dynamics, including an in-depth exploration of critical parameters that influence their performance, efficiency, and safety. By thoroughly examining various aspects related to EVs, this research aims to drive the advancement of EV technology and foster its widespread adoption for a greener and more sustainable future.
Fuzzy rules based smart irrigation system using adaptive bacterial foraging optimization
Authors: Bhoyar Chandrashekhar , Kanojia Komal Prasad , Chourasia Bharti 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe practice of agriculture is heavily reliant on the implementation of irrigation systems. Technology improvements have made it unnecessary to rely on someone else to perform irrigation when we are out and whenever crops need to be watered. Many researchers have attempted to autonomously irrigate crops, but difficulties with accuracy, timing, and cost are rarely addressed and given top priority. The proposed approach employs a real-time sensor, wireless sensor network, the adaptive bacterial foraging optimization (ABFO) algorithm, and a fuzzy irrigation system control to achieve autonomous watering, thereby enabling smart irrigation. This method reduces waste while preserving the container’s water supply. Automated irrigation determines whether crops need to be watered by considering the type of crop, the weather, and the soil moisture and not soil moisture alone. The need for water is calculated using the three aforementioned criteria and fuzzy control drives the automation. Using an arduino-based IoT circuitry, the bioinspired model with algorithm adaptive bacterial foraging optimization, generates the optimized values for three parameters, which are then used by fuzzy logic control to predict the watering requirements of the plants. In terms of accuracy, timeliness, and cost, the suggested approach is advantageous. With this model, it is now possible to completely automate the irrigation system.
Implementation of Smart Agriculture System using IoT on ThingSpeak cloud and MATLAB
Authors: Sharma Ashim , Soni Gaurav , Aggarwal Nikhil 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Today the use of advanced technology such as IoT devices in the field of agriculture is inevitable. There were no conventional methods to accurately predict the temperature changes or to detect the presence of an intruder in the field or to detect if a fire had broken out in the field. But with the advancement of various sensors in IoT, it has become very easy to acquire the data, analyze the data, or even take some immediate action like sending the notification to the user about any particular event. In this paper, a novel approach has been implemented to acquire and analyze the temperature data. An experimental model showing the interfacing of three sensors TMP36, PIR, and Gas sensor with Arduino has been presented. The transfer of data to the ThingSpeak cloud has also been done with the help of ESP8266 and further the analysis of data is done using MATLAB. This hardware interfacing ensures a small and cost effective design that is easily portable.