bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retention strategies are routinely communicated to potential trial participants but often differ from what was planned in the trial protocol; an analysis of patient information leaflets and their corresponding protocols.
Authors: Murphy Ellen , Gillies Katie , Shiely Frances 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Retaining participants in randomised controlled trials (RCTs) is challenging and trial teams are often required to use strategies to ensure retention or improve it. Other than monetary incentives, there is no requirement to disclose the use of retention strategies to the participant. Additionally, not all retention strategies are planned at the design stage of a trial, but some protocols include plans to use strategies to promote participant retention. It is yet unknown if these plans are communicated in the corresponding PILs. The purpose of our study was to determine if Patient Information Leaflets (PILs) communicate plans to promote participant retention and if so, are these outlined in the corresponding trial protocol.
Methods
157 PILs and their 121 corresponding protocols from Clinical Trial Units (CTUs) in the UK were analysed. Directed (deductive) qualitative content analysis was used to analyse the participant retention text from the PILs. Data were presented using a narrative summary and frequencies where appropriate.
Results
Plans to promote participant retention were communicated in 81.5% (n = 75) of PILs. Fifty-six percent (n = 42) of PILs communicated plans to use ‘combined strategies’ to promote participant retention. The most common individual retention strategy was telling the participants that data collection for the trial would be scheduled during routine care visits (16%; n = 12 PILs). The importance of retention and the impact that missing, or deleted, data has on the trial were explained in 6.5% (n = 6) and 5.4% (n = 5) of PILs respectively. Out of the 59 PILs and 58 matching protocols that communicated plans to use strategies to promote participant retention, 18.6% (n = 11) communicated the same information, the remaining 81.4% (n = 48) of PILs either only partially communicated the same information or did not communicate the same information.
Conclusion
Retention strategies are frequently communicated to potential trial participants in PILs however the information provided often differs from the content in the corresponding protocol. Participant retention considerations are best done at the design phase of the trial and we encourage trial teams to be consistent in the communication of these strategies in both the protocol and PIL.
Effect Of Ambient Lead on Progesterone and Pregnancy-Associated Glycoprotein 1 And Their Relationship To Abortion In Zaraibi Goats: A Field Study
Authors: Harb Gamal M. , Mosaad Abrar F. , El-Nakhla Sayed M. , El-Rasoul Ferial H. Abd , El-Din Ahmed M. Shehab , Ali Atef A. , Harb Gamal M. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the impact of ambient lead (Pb) exposure on progesterone (P4) and pregnancy-associated glycoprotein 1 (PAG1) and their relationship with abortion in Egyptian Zaraibi goats, C. hircus. To achieve this, 40 female goats (does) were mated with highly fertile male goats, resulting in a total of 28 pregnant goats. Eight of them aborted, and each of the 12 pregnant goats gave birth to one kid, whereas the remaining eight gave birth to twins. The current data demonstrated that the levels of blood Pb in aborted goats were significantly higher than those in non-aborted goats at all pregnancy stages, and this was followed by significant decreases in serum PAG1 and P4. Furthermore, there were substantial inverse associations between blood Pb concentration and levels of PAG1 and P4, with markedly negative correlation coefficients of -0.88 and − 0.77, respectively, in aborted goats. The threshold level (cut-off point) of Pb required to cause abortion was ≥ 32.08 µg/dl, but for PAG1 and P4 were respectively ≤ 0.95 ng/ml and ≤ 0.48 ng/ml. Additionally, cut-off levels of ≥12.34 ng/ml and ≥ 31.52 ng/ml for P4 and PAG1, respectively, were needed to deliver twins. In conclusion, pollution-induced increases in Pb bioavailability resulted in dramatic decreases in P4 and PAG1 levels, leading to abortions. PAG1 and P4 levels are also key factors in determining whether Zaraibi goats will give birth to twins.
A Stepped Wedge Cluster Randomized Trial to evaluate the effectiveness of a Community leader-driven kit-based Diabetes-Self-Management-Education approach in improving diabetes control and care: A study protocol for The DElhi Diabetes INTervention Trial (DEDINTT)
Authors: Nagpal Jitender , Rawat Swapnil , Gupta Lovely , Negi Avantika , Oraon Divya Shashi 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Introduction:
Diabetes self-management education (DSME) helps patients self-manage their condition and improve outcomes/quality of life. However, access to DSME is limited, particularly in low-income areas. This study aims to develop a DSME training kit (EK-DIN), understand barriers to implementation and evaluate the effectiveness and sustainability of Community Leader (CL) based rollout using a stepped wedge cluster randomised trial format.
Methods and Analysis:
The mixed methods study will begin with a qualitative study to evaluate the facilitators and barriers towards CL-based DSME. The in-depth interview notes will be transcribed for thematic analysis. These results will be utilized for a stakeholder’s workshop to develop the EK-DIN kit, a patient-interfacing app, and an implementation plan. Roll-out will be conducted in 30 clusters in Delhi preselected by the DEDICOM-II survey in 5 steps (6 clusters every three months:2 each from each socio-economic category; randomly selected per sequence). A CL from each cluster will be trained in using the EK-DIN kit /app over one month. The trained CL will conduct DSME sessions amongst the cluster residents using the EK-DIN kits provided fortnightly for three months. Compliance and blood parameters data will be collected at baseline, three months after the intervention and every quarter thereafter till completion. Change in HbA1c before and after the intervention will be evaluated as the primary outcome using the swCRTdesign package for R version 4.0.2 and the swSummary function. The sustainability of the effects will be evaluated using the change in quarterly parameters after intervention completion.
Discussion:
A positive result will set the template for a generalisable public health intervention with proven community effectiveness, sustainability, cost-effectiveness and positive quality of life impact. While a negative result will require the testing of alternative approaches it would still add substantially to existing knowledge on the subject. Given the diverse socio-cultural setting in which the trial is being proposed and the high power of the study, the results (positive or negative) should be widely applicable and have policy implications.
Trial Registration Number:CTRI/2023/07/054963
Remediation of brewery wastewater and reuse for β-glucans production by basidiomycete fungi
Authors: Timm Thaynã Gonçalves , Schipmann Djonice Beatriz Doege , Costa Tania Maria , Tavares Lorena Benathar Ballod 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to assess the potential of basidiomycete fungi to mycoremediate brewery wastewater and generate a bioactive molecule (β-glucan) for industrial applications.
Methods
Six basidiomycete fungi, Ganoderma applanatum, Ganoderma lipsiense, Pleurotus ostreatus, Pycnoporus sanguineus, Lentinula edodes, and Oudemansiela canarii were grown in submerged fermentation using brewery wastewater (BW). β-glucan production, biomass concentration, reducing sugar content, and pH were evaluated and the fungus with the highest β-glucan production was subjected to a kinetic study of β-glucan production.
Results
Results showed that BW has important nutrients for fungi growth and all species had high biomass production. The highest production of β-glucans was for G. lipsiense (23.87%) and its kinetic study showed the highest production of β-glucans at 14 days and the greatest increase in biomass at 21 days. There was a correlation between the production of β-glucans and the consumption of BW substrate and a decrease in chemical oxygen demand (81% at 21 days), nitrate (<3.00 mg L-1), total phosphorus (66.326 mg L-1), and total dissolved solids (634.1 mg L-1).
Conclusion
This study highlighted a sustainable use of BW for its remediation besides fungal biomass production as a source of a high-value product for the biotechnology industry, opening prospects in the circular bioeconomy.
Two conserved transcription factors and a histone deubiquitinase regulate the mitochondrial unfolded protein response and longevity interacting with insulin signalling.
Authors: Artal-Sanz Marta , Fernandez-Abascal Jesús , Hernando-Rodríguez Blanca , Rodríguez-Palero María Jesús , Cabanillas Aitor Jarit , Martínez-Bueno David , Pérez-Jiménez Mercedes , Clavijo-Bernal Enrique , Cambón Aitana , Cases Ildefonso 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Ageing is characterized by physiological decline and increased risk of agerelated diseases. The mitochondrial prohibitin (PHB) complex, a ringlike structure in the inner mitochondrial membrane, is critical to mitochondrial function and proteostasis. Depletion of PHB has opposite effects on ageing, shortening lifespan in wildtype worms while extending the lifespan of different metabolically compromised animals, including that of insulin/IGF-1like signalling (IIS) receptor mutants daf-2(e1370). Lack of PHB strongly induces the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) to maintain mitochondrial proteostasis, while daf-2 mutants attenuate the UPRmt triggered by PHB depletion. In this study, we aimed at identifying new pathways involved in the regulation of the PHBmediated mitochondrial stress response, as well as mechanisms responsible for the opposite longevity outcomes of PHB depletion. Towards this aim, we carried out a genomewide double RNAi screen, depleting C. elegans genes having a human orthologue, in PHBdepleted otherwise wild-type animals and PHBdepleted IIS mutants. We uncovered both known and new PHB genetic interactors affecting the UPRmt in the different genetic backgrounds. We identified two new transcription factors ZNF-622 and TLF-1 as specific regulators of the mitochondrial stress response. We further established chromatin remodelling via the histone deubiquitination protein USP-48 as a strong differential modulator of the mitochondrial stress response and ageing in wild-type and IIS mutants. Furthermore, we suggest USP-48 as a regulator of gene expression upon mitochondrial stress and defective IIS signalling as its nuclear expression is elevated in such conditions. Finally, we observe that the UPRmt induction by lack of USP-48 is largely independent of ATFS-1 and fully independent of DVE-1, the canonical UPRmt transcription factors. Interestingly, lack of USP-48 increases nuclear DVE-1 levels, while DVE-1 depletion further increases the UPRmt in usp-48 mutants. Overall, this study identifies new players specifically involved in the regulation of the mitochondrial stress response and longevity and sheds light on the processes contributing to the differential effect in ageing of PHB depletion in wild-type and metabolically compromised animals.
Demystifying the phase diagrams of deep eutectic solvents within an extensive chemical space
Authors: Fajar Adroit T.N. , Hanada Takafumi , Hartono Aditya D. , Goto Masahiro 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Assessing the formation of a deep eutectic solvent (DES) necessitates a solid-liquid equilibrium (SLE) phase diagram. Yet, many studies focusing on DES applications do not include this diagram because of challenges in measurement, leading to misidentified eutectic points. The present study provides a practical approach for estimating the SLE phase diagram of any binary mixture from the structural information, utilizing machine learning and quantum chemical techniques. By pinpointing the eutectic point coordinates within an extensive chemical space, we highlighted the impact of the mole fractions and melting properties on the eutectic temperatures. Our results also showed the potential for misclassifying ideal eutectic mixtures, and even regular solutions, as DESs if one solely observes liquefaction phenomena. Molecular dynamics simulations of selected mixtures at the eutectic points emphasized the pivotal role of hydrogen bonds in dictating mixture behavior. This approach promises to streamline DES design by isolating potential search areas.
Inexpensive Volcanic Ash Catalyst for Pyrolysis of Plastic Waste into Fuel Using Sequential Thermo-Catalytic Reactor
Authors: Suhartono Suhartono , Romli Ate , Prabowo Bambang Hari , Saputra Dede Irawan , Zulfakri Zulfakri , Suharto Suharto , Achmad Feerzet , Hendriyana Hendriyana , Nurdini Lulu 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Single-stage thermal pyrolysis of plastic waste produces liquid fuel (LF) of low quality and quantity and requires high temperature and long complete pyrolysis time. Pyrolysis of plastic waste via thermal and catalytic route using an existing sequential pyrolysis reactor and catalytic reformer was addressed to overcome this issue. Each low density polyethylene (LDPE) and polystyrene (Styrofoam) waste was converted plastic waste into LF at intervals of 200–400 oC and a pyrolysis time of 30–90 minutes. Low-cost and type of catalyst, such as volcanic ash was divined as important roles in the characteristics and quantity of LF produced. The volcanic ash is revisited to find a better and more effective catalyst in converting plastic waste into LF due to it contains quite high SiO2 and Al2O3. The volcanic ash was activated physically and chemically. The catalyst characteristics were observed based on Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET) and Scanning Electron Microscopy–Energy Dispersion Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) analysis. The properties and influence of using this catalyst in a reformer for second-stage degradation of plastic waste were observed. The characteristics of LF were observed by flash point, smoke point, ignition point, density, viscosity, calorific value, and GC-MS analysis. The results of the BET analysis of activated volcanic ash and inactivated volcanic ash showed a surface area of 3.8475 m2/g and 1.1188 m2/g, respectively. The results of SEM-EDS analysis depicted that the content of SiO2 and Al2O3 in volcanic ash was quite high of 81.89% and 5.57%, respectively with a better adsorption rate than inactive volcanic ash. The most dominant LF composition of styrofoam and LDPE is C8H8 (70.323%) and C10H20 (25.831%), respectively. LF fraction of LDPE pyrolysis has the largest composition in the range of C9–C14 carbon atoms of 61.27% as a high aliphatic proportion. Whereas the LF fraction from styrofoam pyrolysis has the largest composition in the range of C5–C9 carbon atoms of 92.49% with a low percentage of aliphatic hydrocarbons alkanes (paraffin) and alkenes (olefin). Based on the results characteristics and GC-MS analysis, the LF of LDPE pyrolysis is the closest hydrocarbon composition to kerosene, whereas the LF fraction from styrofoam is on par with gasoline fuel, with higher quality compared to commercial gasoline.
Sensitivity analysis for Sisko nanofluid flow through stretching surface using response surface methodology
Authors: Upreti Himanshu , Uddin Ziya , Pandey Alok Kumar , Joshi Navneet 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In this research the influences of quadratic Boussinesq approximation and quadratic thermal radiation on heat transfer analysis of magnetized Sisko nanofluid flow with Cattaneo-Christov (CC) heat flux through stretching surface was studied using response surface methodology (RSM). The upshots of the transformed differential equations is attained by bvp4c method. The heat transfer and skin friction calculations are done for acting parameters i.e., magnetic field, Eckert number, Forchheimer parameter, thermal relaxation parameter, radiation parameter, porosity parameter, and Biot number. For sensitivity analysis, the response surface method with FCC design is utilized. From the outcomes, it was concluded that the friction coefficient and Nusselt number have positive sensitivities for Forchheimer parameter. Moreover, heat transfer rate is declined with increase in magnetic field, Biot number and thermal relaxation parameter values for the conditions shear thickening (n<1) and shear thinning (n<1) .
Incidence of retinal pigment epithelium tears after intravitreal injection of Bevacizumab for the treatment of exudative age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Pradhan Eli , Subedi Kumudini , Prasai Gunjan , Khatri Anadi , Poudel Manish , Sharma Sanjita , Duwal Sushma , Bajimaya Sanyam , Thapa Raba , Paudyal Govinda 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of central loss of vision in the aging population. Intravitreal injection of anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (anti-VEGF) agents is considered one of the most effective modalities of treatment for the wet variantof AMD. With its widespread use, there is a growing concern of its association with retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) tears.
Methods: Sixty-one eyes of 51 patients diagnosed with wet AMD with signs of active Choroidal Neovascular Membrane (CNVM) were treated with intravitreal injection of Bevacizumab (Avastin [Roche]) in a response-dependent basis and were followed up for one year. Demographics, presenting best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), number of injections, presence or absence of pigment epithelial detachments (PED), occurrence of RPE tears determined by clinical examination, fundus photography, fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) and final visual acuity were recorded.
Results: Thirty-four (66.7%) males and 17 (33.3%) females were included. 38(74.5%) participants had unilateral wet AMD and 13(25.5%) had bilateral disease. The average BCVA at presentation was 1.1 (95% CI: 0.9 to 1.2) LogMAR. There was presence of sub macular hemorrhage in 51 (83.6%) eyes and retinal thickening with clinical sign of active CNVM in 50 (82%) eyes. Fifty-three eyes had active CNVM based on FFA findings. CNVM was of occult type in 43 (81.1%) and classic type in 10 eyes (18.9%). Seven eyes (12.7%, 95% CI: 5.5 to 21.8) of the 55 eyes of this cohort developed RPE tear.
Conclusion: RPE tears with bevacizumab occurred in Nepalese population at a rate of 12.7% (95% CI: 5.5 to 21.8) which was similar compared to worldwide statistics. However, all patients undergoing intravitreal injection must be made aware of this possible and visually devastating complication.
Colchicine ameliorates myocardial injury induced by coronary microembolization through suppressing pyroptosis via the AMPK/SIRT1/NLRP3 signaling pathway
Authors: Li Hongqing , Yang Huafeng , Qin Zhenbai , Wang Qiang , Li Lang 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Coronary microembolization(CME)is a common complication in acute coronary syndrome and percutaneous coronary intervention, which is closely related to poor prognosis. Studies have shown that colchicine༈COL༉is beneficial in the treatment of coronary artery disease. In addition, pyroptosis was found to be involved in myocardial injury caused by CME. However, the effect of colchicine on myocardial injury caused by CME is unclear. This study was carried out to explore the effects and mechanisms of colchicine on myocardial pyroptosis induced by CME.
Methods
The CME animal model was constructed with Sprague-Dawley rats, and colchicine pretreatment or compound C(CC)co-treatment was given before modeling. The study was divided into 4 groups: Sham group, CME group, CME + COL group, and CME + COL + CC group (10 rats for each group). Cardiac function, serum myocardial injury markers, myocardial histopathology, and pyroptosis-related indicators were used to evaluate the effects of colchicine.
Results
Colchicine pretreatment improved cardiac dysfunction and reduced myocardial injury induced by CME. The main manifestations were the improvement of left ventricular systolic function, the decrease of microinfarction area, and the decrease of mRNA and protein indexes related to pyroptosis. Mechanistically, colchicine increased the phosphorylation level of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), promoted the expression of silent information regulation T1 (SIRT1), and inhibited the expression of NOD-like receptor pyrin containing 3 (NLRP3) to reduce myocardial pyroptosis. However, after CC co-treatment, the effect of colchicine was partially reversed.
Conclusion
Colchicine improves CME-induced cardiac dysfunction and myocardial injury by inhibiting cardiomyocyte pyroptosis through the AMPK/SIRT1/NLRP3 signaling pathway.
RMSxAI: Arginine methylation sites prediction from protein sequencesusing Machine Learning algorithms and explainable ArtificialIntelligence
Authors: Dwivedi Gaurav , Khandelwal Monika , Rout Ranjeet , Umer Saiyed , Mallik Saurav , Qin Hong 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Protein methylation is a vital regulator of many biological processes at the post-translational level,and accurate prediction of protein methylation sites is essential for research and drug discovery.In this paper, we present a new method, namely RMSxAI, to predict the arginine methylationsites from primary sequences using machine learning algorithms and describe the predictions usingexplainable artificial intelligence (XAI) techniques. Leveraging experimentally validated methylatedand unmethylated protein sequences from diverse organisms, we deduced several sequence features,encompassing physicochemical properties, amino acid composition, and evolutionary insights. Ourresults show that the proposed RMSxAI can predict protein methylation sites with high accuracy,bringing the F1 score up to 0.88 and overall accuracy up to 88.4%. We use various XAI methods toexplain the forecast. These include key features, partial occupancy maps, and local variation modelsthat provide insight into key features and interactions that lead to forecasts. Overall, our approach isrelevant to research and drug discovery, and our results demonstrate the potential of machine learningalgorithms and XAI methods to provide accurate and meaningful prediction of arginine methylationsites.