bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Eksplisit Instruction Terhadap Kemampuan Hasil Belajar Siswa Kelas VII Dalam Menulis Puisi di SMPN 19 Kota Bengkulu
Authors: Pitriana Era , Friantary Heny , Martina Feny 
Published: February 2024

Masalah utama dalam penelitian ini yaitu bagaimana pengaruh model pembelajaran Eksplisit Instruction terhadap Kemampuan Hasil Belajar siswa kelas VII dalam menulis puisi di SMPN 19 Kota Bengkulu.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan hasil belajar siswa dalam menulis puisi pada mata pelajaran bahasa Indonesia dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran EKsplisit Instruction di kelas VII SMP Negeri 19 Kota Bengkulu.Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian Kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 19 Kota Bengkulu.Teknik pengambilan data yang digunakan yaitu menggunakan angket dengan cara mengumpulkan data sebanyak 30 siswa. Variabel penelitian meliputi Explicit Instruction sebagai variabel bebas dan hasil belajar kemampuan menulis surat pribadi sebagai variabel terikat. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan, yaitu analisis statistik deskriptif dan inferensial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keterampilan menulis puisi siswa kelas VII SMPN 19 Kota Bengkulu.setelah menerapkan model pembelajaran Exsplisit Instruction di SMPN 19 kota Bengkulu hasil uji penelitian uji t post-test diketahui rata-rata hasil belajar kelas Eksperimen sebesar 82,92 dan rata-rata hasil belajar kelas kontrol sebesar 71,88 sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa rata-rata hasil belajar kelas Eksperimen lebih 11,04lebih besar dibandingkan dengan kelas kontrol . dari table uji t post-test diketahui t hitung sebesar 5,043 dengan signifikasi 0,000 didapatkan t table pada taraf signifikasi 5% adalah 2,018jadi nilai t hitung >t table (5,043>2,018) dan nilai signifikasinya kurang dari 0,05(p=0,000<0,05). dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan skor hasil belajar pada kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol sehingga menunjukan bahwa model Eksplisit Intrustion lebih memberikan sumbangan kemajuan terhadap kemampuan hasil menulis puisi dikelas VII SMPN 19 kota Bengkulu
Characterization of Opioid and ORL1 Receptors
Authors: DeHaven Robert N. , Cassel Joel A. , Windh Rolf T. , DeHaven‐Hudkins Diane L. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThis unit describes methods for studying activity at opioid receptor subtypes and the ORL1 receptor using conventional radioligand binding assay methods as well as procedures for quantitating functional activity of these receptors by measuring agonist‐induced G protein activation with [35S]GTPγS binding in a manner analogous to traditional receptor‐binding methods. These procedures permit the assessment of the agonist or antagonist character of compounds in a rapid manner that, like most radioligand binding methodologies, is also amenable to high throughput technologies.
Inducible Gene Expression Using an Autoregulatory, Tetracycline‐Controlled System
Authors: Shockett Penny , Schatz David 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe protocols in this unit describe the transfection of adherent cells and the testing of resultant clones for inducible transactivator or target gene protein expression. Stably transfected fibroblast cell lines expressing transactivator and target gene(s) can be derived by first cotransfecting pTet‐tTAk and a plasmid encoding a selectable marker and obtaining stable lines with inducible transactivator expression. These lines are subsequently stably cotransfected with plasmids encoding the target gene(s) and a second selectable marker. The procedure may also be used to cotransfect pTet‐tTAk with the target gene‐encoding plasmid(s) and a single selectable marker plasmid. A support protocol describes methods to test stably transfected cell lines for inducible gene expression, for transient transfection and induction of tet‐regulated plasmids, and for detection of the tTAk gene in cells (or transgenic mice).
Design and Use of Fluorescent Fusion Proteins in Cell Biology
Authors: Snapp Erik 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThis unit describes strategies for designing functional fluorescent fusion protein constructs. Such constructs can be exploited as probes of cellular environments, protein dynamics, protein life histories, protein binding partners, and markers in living cells. The properties and uses of many currently available fluorescent proteins are discussed. In addition, alternative approaches and troubleshooting guidelines are provided.
Invasion of artificial ponds in Doñana Natural Park, southwest Spain, by an exotic estuarine copepod
Authors: Frisch Dagmar , Rodríguez‐Pérez Héctor , Green Andy J. 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
During a study of five artificial brackish ponds situated in Doñana Natural Park and the Guadalquivir delta between July 2001 and June 2002, a total of six copepod species (two calanoids, three cyclopoids and one harpacticoid) were recorded. All of them are typical of brackish or estuarine habitats.
The estuarine calanoid copepod Acartia tonsa (originally from North America) was present in all the ponds studied. This exotic species has been found previously in European estuaries, but has not previously been recorded from artificial wetlands.
Both the relative and absolute abundance of the species varied significantly among months and ponds. A. tonsa was most abundant during autumn and spring, while Calanipeda aquae‐dulcis was most abundant in summer. This seasonal pattern of the copepod community composition was different from that reported in studies from other European estuaries or wetlands.
The invasion by and dominance of A. tonsa in the area of Doñana Natural Park has important implications for the conservation of the diverse native zooplankton fauna in the natural marshes of the adjacent Doñana National Park, which includes endemic species.
Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Direct Electrochemistry of Cytochrome c at Gold Electrode Modified with Fumed Silica
Authors: Chen Hongjun , Wang Yuling , Dong Shaojun , Wang Erkang 
Published: August 2005

AbstractDirect electrochemistry of horse heart cytochrome c (cytc) has been obtained at a gold electrode constructed by self‐assembling fumed silica particles (FSPs) onto a silane monolayer. A pair of well‐defined and nearly symmetrical redox peaks of cytc is obtained at the FSPs film modified gold electrode. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and tapping‐mode atomic force microscopy (AFM) are used to characterize the FSPs film modified electrode, showing that the FSPs can provide a favorable microenvironment for cytc and facilitate the direct electron transfer between the cytc and the gold electrode, which may propose an approach to realize the direct electrochemistry of other proteins.
An In Situ Copper Plated Boron‐Doped Diamond Microelectrode Array for the Sensitive Electrochemical Detection of Nitrate
Authors: Ward‐Jones Sarah , Banks Craig E. , Simm Andrew O. , Jiang Li , Compton Richard G. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe first example of using a copper microelectrode array for use in electroanalysis is explored and exemplified with the electroanalytical quantification of nitrate. The analytical approach is based upon the in situ deposition of copper at a boron‐doped diamond (BDD) microelectrode array. The immobilized copper layer is electrocatalytic for nitrate reduction and exhibits an analytically useful range from 1.2 to 124 μM with a marked selectivity for nitrate ion over nitrate, with a limit of detection of 0.76 μM. The analytical applicability was examined through standard addition determinations of nitrate in drinking and river water samples.
Political manoeuvrings as sources of measurement errors in forecasts
Authors: Paleologou Susanna‐maria 
Published: August 2005

AbstractWe test the extent to which political manoeuvrings can be the sources of measurement errors in forecasts. Our objective is to examine the forecast error based on a simple model in which we attempt to explain deviations between the March budget forecast and the November forecast, and deviations between the outcome and the March budget forecast in the UK. The analysis is based on forecasts made by the general government. We use the forecasts of the variables as alternatives to the outcomes. We also test for political spins in the GDP forecast updates and the GDP forecast errors. We find evidence of partisan and electoral effects in forecast updates and forecast errors. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A forecasting procedure for nonlinear autoregressive time series models
Authors: Cai Yuzhi 
Published: August 2005

AbstractForecasting for nonlinear time series is an important topic in time series analysis. Existing numerical algorithms for multi‐step‐ahead forecasting ignore accuracy checking, alternative Monte Carlo methods are also computationally very demanding and their accuracy is difficult to control too. In this paper a numerical forecasting procedure for nonlinear autoregressive time series models is proposed. The forecasting procedure can be used to obtain approximate m‐step‐ahead predictive probability density functions, predictive distribution functions, predictive mean and variance, etc. for a range of nonlinear autoregressive time series models. Examples in the paper show that the forecasting procedure works very well both in terms of the accuracy of the results and in the ability to deal with different nonlinear autoregressive time series models. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigating emotion with music: An fMRI study
Authors: Koelsch Stefan , Fritz Thomas , v. Cramon D. Yves , Müller Karsten , Friederici Angela D. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe present study used pleasant and unpleasant music to evoke emotion and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to determine neural correlates of emotion processing. Unpleasant (permanently dissonant) music contrasted with pleasant (consonant) music showed activations of amygdala, hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus, and temporal poles. These structures have previously been implicated in the emotional processing of stimuli with (negative) emotional valence; the present data show that a cerebral network comprising these structures can be activated during the perception of auditory (musical) information. Pleasant (contrasted to unpleasant) music showed activations of the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG, inferior Brodmann's area (BA) 44, BA 45, and BA 46), the anterior superior insula, the ventral striatum, Heschl's gyrus, and the Rolandic operculum. IFG activations appear to reflect processes of music–syntactic analysis and working memory operations. Activations of Rolandic opercular areas possibly reflect the activation of mirror‐function mechanisms during the perception of the pleasant tunes. Rolandic operculum, anterior superior insula, and ventral striatum may form a motor‐related circuitry that serves the formation of (premotor) representations for vocal sound production during the perception of pleasant auditory information. In all of the mentioned structures, except the hippocampus, activations increased over time during the presentation of the musical stimuli, indicating that the effects of emotion processing have temporal dynamics; the temporal dynamics of emotion have so far mainly been neglected in the functional imaging literature. Hum Brain Mapp 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Contaminant transport and biodegradation in saturated porous media: model development and simulation
Authors: Kim Song‐Bae 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA mathematical model is developed to describe the contaminant transport, sorption, and biodegradation in saturated porous media. In the model development, sorption was accounted for as a kinetic process for the contaminant transport. In addition, a double Monod function was incorporated into the model to describe the biodegradation of contaminants and utilization of oxygen. In the description of bacterial transport, reversible and irreversible depositions of bacteria were considered as kinetic processes in the model. The model equations were solved numerically with a fully implicit finite‐difference method along with the Runge–Kutta method. The simulation showed that contaminant transport in porous media could be greatly affected by sorption and biodegradation processes. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated that the contaminant transport model was insensitive to the changes of desorption rate constant for contaminants kb, half‐saturation constant for oxygen Ko, bacterial yield factor Y, and oxygen use coefficient F. However, the model was sensitive to the changes of adsorption rate constant for contaminants kf, maximum utilization rate of contaminants µmax, and half‐saturation constant for contaminants Kc, and so their values should be selected carefully in the modelling process. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Should Bouchet's hypothesis be taken into account in rainfall‐runoff modelling? An assessment over 308 catchments
Authors: Oudin Ludovic , Michel Claude , Andréassian Vazken , Anctil François , Loumagne Cécile 
Published: August 2005

AbstractAn implementation of the complementary relationship hypothesis (Bouchet's hypothesis) for estimating regional evapotranspiration within two rainfall‐runoff models is proposed and evaluated in terms of streamflow simulation efficiency over a large sample of 308 catchments located in Australia, France and the USA. Complementary relationship models are attractive approaches to estimating actual evapotranspiration because they rely solely on climatic variables. They are even more interesting since they are supported by a conceptual description underlying the interactions between the evapotranspirating surface and the atmospheric boundary layer, which was highlighted by Bouchet (1963). However, these approaches appear to be in contradiction with the methods prevailing in rainfall‐runoff models, which compute actual evapotranspiration using soil moisture accounting procedures. The approach adopted in this article is to introduce the estimation of actual evapotranspiration provided by complementary relationship models (complementary relationship for areal evapotranspiration and advection aridity) into two rainfall‐runoff models. Results show that directly using the complementary relationship approach to estimate actual evapotranspiration does not give better results than the soil moisture accounting procedures. Finally, we discuss feedback mechanisms between potential evapotranspiration and soil water availability, and their possible impact on rainfall‐runoff modelling. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spatial distribution and seasonal variation in 18O/16O of modern precipitation and river water across the conterminous USA
Authors: Dutton Andrea , Wilkinson Bruce H. , Welker Jeffrey M. , Bowen Gabriel J. , Lohmann Kyger C. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractWe report a quantitative analysis of regional differences in the the oxygen isotope composition of river water and precipitation across the USA because data are now available to undertake a more geographically and temporally extensive analysis than was formerly possible. Maps of modern, mean annual δ18O values for both precipitation (δ18OPPT) and river water (δ18ORIV) across the 48 contiguous states of the USA have been generated using latitude and elevation as the primary predictors of stable isotope composition while also incorporating regional and local deviations based on available isotopic data. The difference between these two maps was calculated to determine regions where δ18ORIV is significantly offset from local δ18OPPT. Additional maps depicting seasonal and extreme values for δ18ORIV and δ18OPPT were also constructed.This exercise confirms the presence of regions characterized by differences in δ18ORIV and δ18OPPT and specifically identifies the magnitude and regional extent of these offsets. In particular, the Great Plains has δ18ORIV values that are more positive than precipitation, while much of the western USA is characterized by significantly lower δ18ORIV values in comparison with local δ18OPPT. The most salient feature that emerged from this comparison is the ‘catchment effect’ for the rivers. Because river water is largely derived from precipitation that fell upstream of the sample locality (i.e. at higher elevations) δ18ORIV values are often lower than local δ18OPPT values, particularly in catchments with high‐elevation gradients. Seasonal patterns in the isotopic data substantiate the generally accepted notion that amplitudes of δ18O variation are greatly dampened in river water relative to those of local precipitation. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Large scale real‐time PCR analysis of mRNA abundance in rainbow trout eggs in relationship with egg quality and post‐ovulatory ageing
Authors: Aegerter Sandrine , Jalabert Bernard , Bobe Julien 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe mRNA levels of 39 target genes were monitored in unfertilized eggs of 14 rainbow trout sampled the day of ovulation and again 5, 14, and 21 days later. For all 56 collected egg batches, an egg sample was fertilized to estimate egg quality by monitoring embryonic development. Remaining eggs were used for RNA extraction and subsequent real‐time PCR analysis. A significant drop of egg quality was observed when eggs were held in the body cavity for 14 or 21 days post‐ovulation (dpo). During the same period, eight transcripts (nucleoplasmin or Npm2, ferritin H, tubulin β, JNK1, cyclin A1, cyclin A2, cathepsin Z, and IGF2) exhibited a differential abundance at one or several collection time(s). Interestingly, we observed higher levels of cyclins A1 and A2 mRNAs in eggs taken 5 days post‐ovulation than in eggs taken, from the same females, at the time of ovulation. In addition, seven transcripts exhibited a differential abundance between low quality and high quality eggs. Low quality eggs were characterized by lower levels of Npm2, tubulin β, and IGF1 transcripts. In contrast, keratins 8 and 18, cathepsin Z, and prostaglandin synthase 2 were more abundant in low quality eggs than in high quality eggs. In this study, we have demonstrated differences in mRNA levels in the rainbow trout egg that are reflective of developmental competence differences induced by post‐ovulatory ageing. The putative role of these transcripts in post‐ovulatory ageing‐induced egg quality defects is discussed with special attention for corresponding cellular functions. Mol. Reprod. Dev. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Preparation and properties of silicone‐containing poly(methyl methacrylate) gels
Authors: Naghash Hamid Javaherian , Momeni Ahmad Reza , Alian Hamid , Massah Ahmad Reza , Ataie Shahla 
Published: August 2005

AbstractPoly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) gels with varying amounts of silicone and solvent and constant amounts of crosslinker were prepared by solution free radical crosslinking copolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDM), tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and vinyltriethoxysilane (VTES) comonomer systems. They were then studied in benzene at a total monomer concentration of 3.5 mol L−1 and 70 °C. The conversion of monomer, volume swelling ratio, weight fraction and gel point were measured as a function of the reaction time, silicone concentration and benzene content up to the onset of macrogelation. Structural characteristics of the gels were examined by using equilibrium swelling in benzene, gel fraction and Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. The morphology of the copolymers was also investigated by SEM. Based on the obtained results, it was concluded that the FTIR data did not have the capacity to show the presence of the VTES or TEOS moiety in these kinds of copolymers. On the other hand, the variation of weight fraction of gel, Wg, and its equilibrium volume swelling ratio in benzene, qv, exhibited the same behaviour as that of MMA/EGDM copolymers. Also, the dilution of the monomer mixture resulted in an increase in the gel point and swelling degree and a decrease in the percent of conversion and gel fraction. Finally, TEOS is not an ideal silicone compound for reaction in the MMA/EGDM copolymerization system, whereas VTES is a suitable silicone comonomer for this system and it has been proved useful. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Response of economically important aphids to components of Hemizygia petiolata essential oil
Authors: Bruce Toby JA , Birkett Michael A , Blande James , Hooper Antony M , Martin Janet L , Khambay Bhupinder , Prosser Ian , Smart Lesley E , Wadhams Lester J 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe essential oil of Hemizygia petiolata Ashby (Lamiaceae) contains high levels (>70%) of the sesquiterpene (E)‐β‐farnesene, the alarm pheromone for many economically important aphid species. In order to test the suitability of H. petiolata oil as a source of (E)‐β‐farnesene for use in new integrated aphid control strategies, behavioural responses of pest aphid species were studied in laboratory and field experiments. In alarm pheromone assays the peach‐potato aphid, Myzus persicae Sulzer, and the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harr), showed a lower level of response to the oil than expected given the high levels of (E)‐β‐farnesene. It was shown that minor components in the oil, (+)‐bicyclogermacrene and (−)‐germacrene D, caused inhibition of the alarm response for M. persicae and A. pisum respectively. Nevertheless, in olfactometer studies the oil was directly repellent to A. pisum and the grain aphid, Sitobion avenae F. Sitobion avenae was not only repelled by (E)‐β‐farnesene but also by (−)‐germacrene D. Furthermore, although it was not directly repellent to M. persicae, the oil interfered with its attraction to host plant stimuli. In field plot experiments, numbers of A. pisum were significantly reduced in plots treated with a slow release formulation of the oil, when compared with control plots. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Biomimetic Micropatterning of Silica by Surface‐Initiated Polymerization and Microcontact Printing
Authors: Kim Dong Jin , Lee Kyung‐Bok , Lee Tae Geol , Shon Hyun Kyong , Kim Wan‐Joong , Paik Hyun‐jong , Choi Insung S. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractMicropatterns of silica on a gold substrate were generated by a biomimetic approach, namely, the biosilicification of silicic acids. The procedure consists of three simple steps: pattern generation of a polymerization initiator, (BrC(CH3)2COO(CH2)11S)2, by microcontact printing; surface‐initiated, atom‐transfer radical polymerization of 2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) from the patterned area; and polycondensation of silicic acids. The tertiary amine‐containing polymer, pDMAEMA, aided in the spatially controlled polycondensation of silicic acids on surfaces in the presence of phosphate ions, and micropatterns of silica on a gold substrate were successfully generated in combination with the technique of microcontact printing. The procedure could be extended to the controlled fabrication of silica patterns with any size, shape, or thickness.