bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Iron fertilization–induced deoxygenation of eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean intermediate waters during the Paleocene–Eocene thermal maximum
Authors: Jiang Xiaodong , Zhao Xiangyu , Sun Xiaoming , Roberts Andrew P. , Sluijs Appy , Chou Yu-Min , Yao Weiqi , Xing Jieqi , Zhang Weijie , Liu Qingsong 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The Paleocene–Eocene thermal maximum (PETM), a transient period of global warming, is considered to be an important analog for future greenhouse conditions. It was accompanied by a significant carbon cycle perturbation. Although ocean deoxygenation across the PETM is reported widely, its mechanism in the open ocean remains uncertain. Here, we present magnetic and geochemical analyses of sediments from the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean. We found that iron fertilization during the PETM by eolian dust and volcanic eruptions fueled eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean productivity. This process led to increased organic matter degradation and oxygen consumption in intermediate waters, leading to deoxygenation. Our findings suggest that iron fertilization could be an important driver of open-ocean oxygen loss, as a side effect of global warming.
Cross-sectional survey to explore knowledge, attitude, practices and impact of an intervention programme related to antibiotic misuse and self-medication among general population of Pakistan
Authors: Saif Arifa , Khan Tahir Mehmood , Bukhsh Allah , Yaseen Muhammad Osama , Saif Alia 
Published: February 2024

ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to observe the knowledge, attitude and practices related to antibiotic use, the prevalence of self-medication and non-adherence to the prescribed course of antibiotics across Pakistan.MethodA cross-sectional quantitative study on knowledge, practices, attitude and adherence to antibiotic therapy was conducted from January 2021 to March 2022 among the adult population living in different areas across Pakistan. Individuals with poor knowledge were selected for video-based intervention programme. Video template produced by WHO to create antibiotic awareness was used for this purpose. A postintervention study was conducted to assess the improvement in their knowledge and practices regarding the use of antibiotics. Paired samples t-test was applied to assess the improvement in postintervention survey scores.Results68.9% (n=340/493) of the participants were female and the majority of the sample population was from urban areas. Our study revealed that 39.2% (n=196) of individuals have undergone self-medication with antibiotics in the last 6 months and 42% (n=207) of the total participants were non-adherent to antibiotic treatment plan. Lack of proper information from healthcare professionals was observed to be the most important barrier to antibiotic treatment adherence. The interventional video was shown to 31.64% (n=156/493) of participants who lack proper knowledge about antibiotic use and its associated problems. There appeared to be a significant improvement in the postintervention mean scores of knowledge, practices, attitude and adherence related to antibiotics.ConclusionThis study highlights the alarming situation of self-medication and non-adherence to antibiotic therapy. To cope with the situation, certain pertinent measures are direly needed before the precious lifesaving antibiotics become useless in eradicating various controllable microbial diseases.
Developing a core outcome set for the health outcomes for children and adults with congenital oesophageal atresia and/or tracheo-oesophageal fistula: OCELOT task group study protocol
Authors: Ducey Jonathan , Lansdale Nick , Gorst Sarah , Bray Lucy , Teunissen Nadine , Cullis Paul , Faulkner Julia , Gray Victoria , Gutierrez Gammino Lucia , Slater Graham , Baird Laura , Adams Alex , Brendel Julia , Donne Adam , Folaranmi Eniola , Hopwood Laura , Long Anna-May , Losty Paul D , Benscoter Dan , de Vos Corné , King Sebastian , Kovesi Tom , Krishnan Usha , Nah Shireen A , Ong Lin Yin , Rutter Mike , Teague Warwick J , Zorn Aaron M , Hall Nigel J , Thursfield Rebecca 
Published: February 2024

IntroductionHeterogeneity in reported outcomes of infants with oesophageal atresia (OA) with or without tracheo-oesophageal fistula (TOF) prevents effective data pooling. Core outcome sets (COS) have been developed for many conditions to standardise outcome reporting, facilitate meta-analysis and improve the relevance of research for patients and families. Our aim is to develop an internationally-agreed, comprehensive COS for OA-TOF, relevant from birth through to transition and adulthood.Methods and analysisA long list of outcomes will be generated using (1) a systematic review of existing studies on OA-TOF and (2) qualitative research with children (patients), adults (patients) and families involving focus groups, semistructured interviews and self-reported outcome activity packs. A two-phase Delphi survey will then be completed by four key stakeholder groups: (1) patients (paediatric and adult); (2) families; (3) healthcare professionals; and (4) researchers. Phase I will include stakeholders individually rating the importance and relevance of each long-listed outcome using a 9-point Likert scale, with the option to suggest additional outcomes not already included. During phase II, stakeholders will review summarised results from phase I relative to their own initial score and then will be asked to rescore the outcome based on this information. Responses from phase II will be summarised using descriptive statistics and a predefined definition of consensus for inclusion or exclusion of outcomes. Following the Delphi process, stakeholder experts will be invited to review data at a consensus meeting and agree on a COS for OA-TOF.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was sought through the Health Research Authority via the Integrated Research Application System, registration no. 297026. However, approval was deemed not to be required, so study sponsorship and oversight were provided by Alder Hey Children’s NHS Foundation Trust. The study has been prospectively registered with the COMET Initiative. The study will be published in an open access forum.
How to optimise the fidelity of exercises in an unsupervised golf injury prevention programme? A pilot study
Authors: Gladdines Saskia , Eygendaal Denise , van Boekel Leonieke , Verhagen Evert , Beumer Annechien 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundGolf is an individual sport that is usually done without the supervision of a trainer or coach. Therefore, an injury prevention programme in golf will primarily be performed without supervision and feedback. However, the effectiveness of any preventive exercise programme is determined by exercise fidelity.ObjectiveTo investigate the different instruction options of an injury prevention programme on exercise fidelity in individual golfers.MethodsWe randomly assigned golfers to one of three groups receiving different exercise instructions. One group received only instructional cards (A), one received only instructional videos (B) and a third group (C) received both instructional cards and videos. The golfers were allowed to familiarise themselves with the exercises based on the provided instruction option, after which we recorded their exercise execution on video. Two authors independently scored each exercise’s fidelity from these recordings.ResultsIn total, 18 golfers (12 women and 6 men, average age of 61.94 years) were equally divided across the 3 study groups completed 108 exercises. In group A 73.7% of exercises were executed as intended, in group B 88.6% and in group C 86.3%. Significantly more exercises were conducted correctly in groups B and C compared with group A (p<0.05).ConclusionGolfers who received instructions that included a video explanation had a higher exercise fidelity when compared to only written instructions.
Epidemiology and clinical characteristics of biopsy-confirmed adult-onset IgA vasculitis in southern Sweden
Authors: Thalen Michaela , Gisslander Karl , Segelmark Mårten , Sode Jacob , Jayne David , Mohammad Aladdin J 
Published: February 2024

ObjectiveImmunoglobulin A vasculitis (IgAV) is the most prevalent primary childhood vasculitis in Sweden, but is considerably rarer in adults. This study aims to describe the epidemiology, clinical characteristics and renal outcome of adult-onset IgAV in Skåne, Sweden.MethodsThe study area consisted of Skåne, the southernmost region of Sweden, with a population ≥18 years of 990 464 on 31 December 2010. Adult patients assigned the International Classification of Diseases-10 code for IgAV (D69.0) from 2000 through 2019 were retrospectively identified in a population-based database. Medical records were reviewed to validate the diagnosis of IgAV and extract data. Only patients with clinical manifestations of IgAV and biopsy-confirmed disease were included. The annual incidence and point prevalence of biopsy-confirmed IgAV were estimated.ResultsFifty-nine patients (19 women) were classified as having adult-onset IgAV. The incidence was 3 per 1 000 000 and was higher among men than women (4 vs 2/1 000 000, p=0.004). Ninety-seven per cent of patients presented with non-thrombocytopenic purpura, 78% with renal involvement, 59% with arthritis/arthralgia and 39% with gastrointestinal symptoms. Fifteen per cent developed chronic kidney disease stage ≥G3 a and one patient progressed to end-stage kidney disease during follow-up.ConclusionAdult-onset IgAV is rare in southern Sweden with the incidence higher in men than in women. IgAV frequently affects the kidneys and leads to chronic kidney disease in adults, although the long-term renal outcome appears favourable compared with other small-vessel vasculitides affecting the kidneys.
PEANUTS: a software for the automatic computation of solar neutrino flux and its propagation within Earth
Authors: Gonzalo Tomás E. , Lucente Michele 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe present (Propagation and Evolution of Active NeUTrinoS), an open-source Python package for the automatic computation of solar neutrino spectra and active neutrino propagation through Earth. is designed to be fast, by employing analytic formulae for the neutrino propagation through varying matter density, and flexible, by allowing the user to input arbitrary solar models, custom Earth density profiles and general detector locations. It provides functionalities for a fully automated simulation of solar neutrino fluxes at a detector, as well as access to individual routines to perform more specialised computations. The software has been extensively tested against the results of the SNO experiment, providing excellent agreement with their results. In addition, the present text contains a pedagogical derivation of the relations needed to compute the oscillated solar neutrino spectra, neutrino propagation through Earth and nadir exposure of an experiment.
Integrating AI-Powered Digital Pathology and Imaging Mass Cytometry Identifies Key Classifiers of Tumor Cells, Stroma, and Immune Cells in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Rigamonti Alessandra , Viatore Marika , Polidori Rebecca , Rahal Daoud , Erreni Marco , Fumagalli Maria Rita , Zanini Damiano , Doni Andrea , Putignano Anna Rita , Bossi Paola , Voulaz Emanuele , Alloisio Marco , Rossi Sabrina , Zucali Paolo Andrea , Santoro Armando , Balzano Vittoria , Nisticò Paola , Feuerhake Friedrich , Mantovani Alberto , Locati Massimo , Marchesi Federica 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI)–powered approaches are becoming increasingly used as histopathologic tools to extract subvisual features and improve diagnostic workflows. On the other hand, hi-plex approaches are widely adopted to analyze the immune ecosystem in tumor specimens. Here, we aimed at combining AI-aided histopathology and imaging mass cytometry (IMC) to analyze the ecosystem of non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). An AI-based approach was used on hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) sections from 158 NSCLC specimens to accurately identify tumor cells, both adenocarcinoma and squamous carcinoma cells, and to generate a classifier of tumor cell spatial clustering. Consecutive tissue sections were stained with metal-labeled antibodies and processed through the IMC workflow, allowing quantitative detection of 24 markers related to tumor cells, tissue architecture, CD45+ myeloid and lymphoid cells, and immune activation. IMC identified 11 macrophage clusters that mainly localized in the stroma, except for S100A8+ cells, which infiltrated tumor nests. T cells were preferentially localized in peritumor areas or in tumor nests, the latter being associated with better prognosis, and they were more abundant in highly clustered tumors. Integrated tumor and immune classifiers were validated as prognostic on whole slides. In conclusion, integration of AI-powered H&E and multiparametric IMC allows investigation of spatial patterns and reveals tissue relevant features with clinical relevance.

Significance:
Leveraging artificial intelligence–powered H&E analysis integrated with hi-plex imaging mass cytometry provides insights into the tumor ecosystem and can translate tumor features into classifiers to predict prognosis, genotype, and therapy response.
Immunometabolic Adaptation of CD19-Targeted CAR T Cells in the Central Nervous System Microenvironment of Patients Promotes Memory Development
Authors: Goldberg Lior , Haas Eric R. , Urak Ryan , Vyas Vibhuti , Pathak Khyatiben V. , Garcia-Mansfield Krystine , Pirrotte Patrick , Singhal Jyotsana , Figarola James L. , Aldoss Ibrahim , Forman Stephen J. , Wang Xiuli 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of T-cell activation, and metabolic fitness is fundamental for T-cell–mediated antitumor immunity. Insights into the metabolic plasticity of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells in patients could help identify approaches to improve their efficacy in treating cancer. Here, we investigated the spatiotemporal immunometabolic adaptation of CD19-targeted CAR T cells using clinical samples from CAR T-cell–treated patients. Context-dependent immunometabolic adaptation of CAR T cells demonstrated the link between their metabolism, activation, differentiation, function, and local microenvironment. Specifically, compared with the peripheral blood, low lipid availability, high IL15, and low TGFβ in the central nervous system microenvironment promoted immunometabolic adaptation of CAR T cells, including upregulation of a lipolytic signature and memory properties. Pharmacologic inhibition of lipolysis in cerebrospinal fluid led to decreased CAR T-cell survival. Furthermore, manufacturing CAR T cells in cerebrospinal fluid enhanced their metabolic fitness and antileukemic activity. Overall, this study elucidates spatiotemporal immunometabolic rewiring of CAR T cells in patients and demonstrates that these adaptations can be exploited to maximize the therapeutic efficacy of CAR T cells.

Significance:
The spatiotemporal immunometabolic landscape of CD19-targeted CAR T cells from patients reveals metabolic adaptations in specific microenvironments that can be exploited to maximize the therapeutic efficacy of CAR T cells.
Momordicine-I Suppresses Head and Neck Cancer Growth by Reprogrammimg Immunosuppressive Effect of the Tumor-Infiltrating Macrophages and B Lymphocytes
Authors: Sur Subhayan , Bhartiya Pradeep , Steele Robert , Brennan Michelle , DiPaolo Richard J. , Ray Ratna B. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Head and neck cancer (HNC) is prevalent worldwide, and treatment options are limited. Momordicine-I (M-I), a natural component from bitter melon, shows antitumor activity against these cancers, but its mechanism of action, especially in the tumor microenvironment (TME), remains unclear. In this study, we establish that M-I reduces HNC tumor growth in two different immunocompetent mouse models using MOC2 and SCC VII cells. We demonstrate that the anticancer activity results from modulating several molecules in the monocyte/macrophage clusters in CD45+ populations in MOC2 tumors by single-cell RNA sequencing. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) often pose a barrier to antitumor effects, but following M-I treatment, we observe a significant reduction in the expression of Sfln4, a myeloid cell differentiation factor, and Cxcl3, a neutrophil chemoattractant, in the monocyte/macrophage populations. We further find that the macrophages must be in close contact with the tumor cells to inhibit Sfln4 and Cxcl3, suggesting that these TAMs are impacted by M-I treatment. Coculturing macrophages with tumor cells shows inhibition of Agr1 expression following M-I treatment, which is indicative of switching from M2 to M1 phenotype. Furthermore, the total B-cell population in M-I-treated tumors is significantly lower, whereas spleen cells also show similar results when cocultured with MOC2 cells. M-I treatment also inhibits PD1, PD-L1, and FoxP3 expression in tumors. Collectively, these results uncover the potential mechanism of M-I by modulating immune cells, and this new insight can help to develop M-I as a promising candidate to treat HNCs, either alone or as adjuvant therapy.
A Galectin-9–Driven CD11c
high
Decidual Macrophage Subset Suppresses Uterine Vascular Remodeling in Preeclampsia
Authors: Li Yanhong , Sang Yifei , Chang Yunjian , Xu Chunfang , Lin Yikong , Zhang Yao , Chiu Philip C.N. , Yeung William S.B. , Zhou Haisheng , Dong Ningzheng , Xu Ling , Chen Jiajia , Zhao Weijie , Liu Lu , Yu Di , Zang Xingxing , Ye Jiangfeng , Yang Jinying , Wu Qingyu , Li Dajin , Wu Ligang , Du Meirong 
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:
Preeclampsia is a serious disease of pregnancy that lacks early diagnosis methods or effective treatment, except delivery. Dysregulated uterine immune cells and spiral arteries are implicated in preeclampsia, but the mechanistic link remains unclear.

METHODS:

Single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics were used to identify immune cell subsets associated with preeclampsia. Cell-based studies and animal models including conditional knockout mice and a new preeclampsia mouse model induced by recombinant mouse galectin-9 were applied to validate the pathogenic role of a CD11c
high
subpopulation of decidual macrophages (dMφ) and to determine its underlying regulatory mechanisms in preeclampsia. A retrospective preeclampsia cohort study was performed to determine the value of circulating galectin-9 in predicting preeclampsia.

RESULTS:

We discovered a distinct CD11c
high
dMφ subset that inhibits spiral artery remodeling in preeclampsia. The proinflammatory CD11c
high
dMφ exhibits perivascular enrichment in the decidua from patients with preeclampsia. We also showed that trophoblast-derived galectin-9 activates CD11c
high
dMφ by means of CD44 binding to suppress spiral artery remodeling. In 3 independent preeclampsia mouse models, placental and plasma galectin-9 levels were elevated. Galectin-9 administration in mice induces preeclampsia-like phenotypes with increased CD11c
high
dMφ and defective spiral arteries, whereas galectin-9 blockade or macrophage-specific CD44 deletion prevents such phenotypes. In pregnant women, increased circulating galectin-9 levels in the first trimester and at 16 to 20 gestational weeks can predict subsequent preeclampsia onset.

CONCLUSIONS:

These findings highlight a key role of a distinct perivascular inflammatory CD11c
high
dMφ subpopulation in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. CD11c
high
dMφ activated by increased galectin-9 from trophoblasts suppresses uterine spiral artery remodeling, contributing to preeclampsia. Increased circulating galectin-9 may be a biomarker for preeclampsia prediction and intervention.
“He Who Stands on the Ṭutunjayn” and the Return of Ḥusayn: The Bāb and Jināb-i Bahāʾ in the Prose Writings of Tahirih
Authors: Ghaemmaghami Omid 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
While many of Tahirih’s poems have been studied and translated by scholars, her surviving prose works in Arabic and Persian – whose size far outweighs the number of her extant poems – have not received much attention. This article is a further attempt to partially fill this noticeable lacuna by exploring Tahirih’s prodigious prose oeuvre. Special attention will be given to a neologism Tahirih invokes to describe the Bāb and to the many references in her later writings to the return of Imam Ḥusayn.
Layers of Veils Obscuring the Image of Tahirih Qurrat al-ʿAyn
Authors: Yazdani Mina 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This paper deconstructs the ways the image of Fāṭima Zarrīn-Tāj Baraghānī, known as Tahirih Qurrat al-ʿAyn (d. 1852), has been distorted in academic works and in anti-Bahā’ī polemics. The misrepresentations of Tahirih in these works range from disconnecting her from the source of her inspiration, to accusations of immorality, to denying her knowledge, to denying her poetry, to depicting her as a militant figure. It is suggested that misogyny, religious prejudice, selective as well as uncritical use of primary sources, and agenda driven scholarship explain the misrepresentations.
Tahirih Qurrat al-ʿAyn and the Women’s Avant-garde in Europe
Authors: Dehghani Sasha 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Tahirih Qurrat al-ʿAyn has come to be seen as the first Iranian woman to openly advocate for the rights of women and the first feminist of her country. But it was among the women’s avant-garde in Europe that she first gained the stature of a feminist heroine. Discussing five cases in five nations, this article will show how Tahirih became, across cultural borders, a source of inspiration to Europe’s women avant-garde, especially throughout the second half of the long 19th century, and will suggest some reasons for the decline of public interest in the figure of Tahirih, especially in the period after the second world war.
Determinants of intentions to seek formal mental health help among Palestinian adolescents in Israel
Authors: Abo-Rass Fareeda , Nakash Ora , Gelaye Bizu , Khatib Anwar , AboJabel Hanan 
Published: February 2024

Background: Mental health challenges are widespread among adolescents undergoing significant physical, emotional, social, and academic changes. However, rates of formal help-seeking remain low, particularly among those from ethnic minorities. Aims: This study investigated the determinants of intentions to seek formal mental health help among Palestinian adolescents in Israel, focusing on mental health literacy (MHL) and trust in formal sources of information. Methods: A total of 178 adolescents (Mage = 16.24 ± 1.24 years, 61.8% female) completed measures assessing intention for formal help-seeking, psychological distress, MHL, trust in formal sources of information, sociodemographic, and clinical characteristics. Results: Findings revealed low levels of intention to seek formal help and psychological distress, alongside average or above-average levels on all MHL dimensions and trust in formal sources for information. Our analysis identified socioeconomic status (β = .17, p < .05), psychological distress (β = .18, p < .05), trust in formal sources of information (β = .28, p < .001), and two MHL dimensions: knowledge of where to seek information (β = .25, p < .01) and attitudes that promote recognition or appropriate help-seeking behavior (β = .16, p < .05) – as the main determinants of intention for formal help-seeking. Conclusions: This study underscores the critical role of trust in formal sources of information and MHL in seeking formal help among adolescents from ethnic minorities. Interventions aiming to improve access to mental health-related information, address and enhance attitudes, and foster trust in formal professionals and institutions may contribute to an increased tendency for formal mental health help-seeking among this population and others.