bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on non-COVID-19 community-acquired pneumonia: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Lee Terry , Walley Keith R , Boyd John H , Cawcutt Kelly A , Kalil Andre , Russell James A 
Published: October 2023

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic could impact frequency and mortality of non-COVID-19 community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Changes in frequency, patient mix, treatment and organ dysfunction could cascade together to increase mortality of CAP during compared with pre-COVID-19.MethodsHospitalised CAP patients at St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, Canada pre-COVID-19 (fiscal years 2018/2019 and 2019/2020) and during COVID-19 pandemic (2020/2021 and 2021/2022) were evaluated.ResultsIn 5219 CAP patients, there was no significant difference prepandemic versus during pandemic in mean age, gender and Charlson Comorbidity Score. However, hospital mortality increased significantly from pre-COVID-19 versus during COVID-19 (7.5% vs 12.1% respectively, (95% CI for difference: 3.0% to 6.3%), p<0.001), a 61% relative increase, coincident with increases in ICU admission (18.3% vs 25.5%, respectively, (95% CI for difference: 5.0% to 9.5%) p<0.001, 39% relative increase) and ventilation (12.7% vs 17.5%, respectively, (95% CI for difference: 2.8% to 6.7%) p<0.001, 38% relative increase). Results remained the same after regression adjustment for age, sex and Charlson score. CAP hospital admissions decreased 27% from pre-COVID-19 (n=1349 and 1433, 2018/2019 and 2019/2020, respectively) versus the first COVID-19 pandemic year (n=1047 in 2020/2021) then rose to prepandemic number (n=1390 in 2021/2022). During prepandemic years, CAP admissions peaked in winter; during COVID-19, the CAP admissions peaked every 6 months.Conclusions and relevanceThis is the first study to show that the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with increases in hospital mortality, ICU admission and invasive mechanical ventilation rates of non-COVID-19 CAP and a transient, 1-year frequency decrease. There was no winter seasonality of CAP during the COVID-19 pandemic era. These novel findings could be used to guide future pandemic planning for CAP hospital care.
Nonlinear instability and scalar clouds of spherical exotic compact objects in scalar-Gauss-Bonnet theory
Authors: Zhang Shao-Jun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this work, we present a new type of scalar clouds supported by spherically symmetric horizonless compact objects in the scalar-Gauss–Bonnet theory. Unlike the previous spontaneous scalarization that is triggered by the tachyonic instability, our scalarization arises from a nonlinear instability that is non-spontaneous. We explore two types of boundary conditions for the scalar field at the surface of the compact objects and find an infinite countable set of scalar clouds characterized by the number of nodes for both cases. Our study demonstrates that boundary conditions have a significant impact on the formation of scalar clouds. Specifically, for the Dirichlet boundary condition, scalarization is more likely to occur for compact objects with medium radii and becomes harder for ultra-compact and large ones. Conversely, for the Robin boundary condition, scalarization is easier for more compact objects.
Haunted by Reconciliation?
Authors: Van Wyngaard George J (Cobus) , Schneider Rachel C. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Conversations about race in South Africa continue to be shaped by a religious-redemptive narrative of reconciliation that emerged in the democratic transition. However, there is a history of critical Black and liberation theological voices questioning whether the religious/ethical ideal of reconciliation adequately addresses the injustices of systemic racism. These questions gained new resonance in recent years with social movements like #feesmustfall. This article asks whether the seemingly intractable hope that a theological concept of reconciliation will be efficacious in facilitating racial justice is warranted. We begin by reviewing and interrogating how reconciliation is being used in contemporary theological discourses, arguing that given rising discontent, it is striking that reconciliation continues to be a prominent theme and topic within South African Christian theological discourses. We then propose several alternatives that may help address the problem of white racism and benefit from the sustained energy that South African theology has been putting into the language of reconciliation.
Rural Land Governance and Women Marginalisation in Amhara Regional State
Authors: Belay Degwale Gebeyehu 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Women have international and national rights to use, control, transfer, and inherit rural land. Unless laws and institutions are strong enough, women’s land rights can’t be effectively discharged. Moreover, the different socioeconomic status of women highly affects their land rights. This study has the objective of exploring land acquisition, landholding, and land transfer rights and practical challenges in North Mecha Woreda. The study has applied phenomenological qualitative research design. The findings show that the status of land acquisition, control, inheritance, and use is highly affected by the socioeconomic status of women. Moreover, women’s rights to land inheritance are highly affected due to the culture of male domination. This study recommends that there has to be legal protection to women to fully exercise their land rights to use, control, and transfer. These needs stretching the structure of Women, Children and Social Affairs Office at Kebele level of administration.
Resolving Conflict and Building Peace Through Re-Thinking Community Relationship
Authors: Ayalew Sisay Tamrat , Belay Degwale Gebeyehu 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This study aims at appraising the nature of two major community relationships (I-Thou and I-It) in Ethiopia and analyse how these types of relationships play a corresponding role in resolving or exacerbating conflict and building/deteriorating peace. This study adopted an exploratory research design and primary data is collected from different social and mainstream media. The I-Thou relationship is a genuine societal relationship that led to a genuine dialogue between groups, which, in turn, creates mutual understanding, enrichment, reciprocity, and enlightenment. The I-It relationship, on the other hand, is characterised by mutual suspicion, prejudice, misunderstanding, wearing masks, and keeping secrets where there is no genuine dialogue. The study explores that the type of relationship that best characterise the Ethiopian society is mainly the I-It relationship. Since the society is polarised mainly based on ethnic and linguistic lines, the relationship has resulted in conflict, mass killing, displacement, and gross human right violations.
Movement For Justice In Africa And State Transformation In Liberia
Authors: Kieh George Klay 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Historically, social movements have designed and implemented various modalities for the transformation of the state. Some of these modalities have contributed to the various state transformation projects, while others have not. Overall, state transformation projects have had various outcomes, including success, failure and a mixture of successes and failures. Against this backdrop, this article examines the state transformation project that was undertaken by the Movement for Justice in Africa (moja0 in Liberia from 1973–1980. Specifically, the article interrogates the various modalities that moja designed and implemented in its quest to transform the Liberian society. In terms of a “balance sheet,” some of the modalities, including the political conscientization campaign, the training of cadres, the assistance to labor movements, and coalition building with other progressive forces succeeded in promoting the state transformation project. On the other hand, however, moja did not succeed in transforming state structures, state policies, and power relations. Two major factors contributed to these challenges: 1) moja’s left-wing populist ideology was an obstacle to the organization’s diagnosis of the major causes of the multidimensional crises of underdevelopment that enveloped Liberia; and 2) moja prematurely embraced the Doe-led military regime that came to power after the April 12, 1980 coup, thereby jeopardizing the future of the organization.
Did the 2014 Crimean Crisis have an Impact on the European Union’s Energy Policy Towards the United States?
Authors: Landon Lucie 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This article investigates the energy policy of the European Union (EU) towards the United States (US) from 2009 to 2020. It focuses more particularly on the impact that the Crimean crisis has had on this EU policy in the context of the transatlantic relationship. To do so, it applies securitisation theory and uses both content and discourse analyses on three document types: exclusively EU-produced texts, texts produced by both the EU and the US through the EU-US energy council and think-tank reports. Contradicting the security discourse often displayed by mainstream media, this article asserts that the Crimean crisis did not add any significant security-based features to the EU’s external energy policy after 2014 when the EU-US partnership is analysed. Despite a discourse containing more security elements, the approach of the EU’s energy policy vis-à-vis the United States has remained primarily market-oriented throughout the period under investigation.
Palace, Prison, Park or Palimpsest? The Contested Heritage of the Former Palace of Chiang Mai
Authors: Tantinipankul Worrasit 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This paper investigates the contestations between state and local actors over the interpretation of a state prison built in the grounds of the Chiang Mai palace, known as Wiang Kaew. Engaging with postcolonial approaches to heritage interpretation, this paper argues that the local movement calling for the removal of the prison in favor of a public park represents an effort to reclaim local Lan Na history and identity from the national past. Using the critical heritage concept of “authorized heritage discourse” (Smith 2006), I show how central Thai authorities—including the Fine Arts Department and the Buddhist Sangha—have privileged nationalist interpretations of the site over the intangible meanings and values expressed by the local community. The paper concludes by suggesting how newer frameworks of heritage management might be harnessed to resolve the conflict by recognizing the site as a historical palimpsest with multiple layers of value and meaning.
Stress hormone response to instrumented elective lumbar spine fusion surgery
Authors: Repo Jussi P , Neva Marko H , Häkkinen Keijo , Pekkanen Liisa , Metso Saara , Häkkinen Arja H 
Published: October 2023

Purpose To understand the systemic effect of major spine surgery, we investigated stress, anabolic and catabolic hormonal levels and their association with interleukin 6 (IL-6) in patients undergoing elective lumbar spine fusion surgery. Methods Blood samples were collected preoperatively, and at 1, 3, 42, 90 days postoperatively (POD) from 49 patients who underwent elective lumbar spine fusion surgery. Results Serum concentration of cortisol was below the preoperative value at POD 1 but did not differ from the baseline values thereafter. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) decreased at PODs 1 and 3. Testosterone decreased at PODs 1 and 3 in men, and at POD 3 in women. Sex hormone-binding globulin decreased at PODs 1 and 3 in both genders. No changes were observed in free testosterone or growth hormone concentrations. Insulin-like growth factor 1 increased significantly above the preoperative level at PODs 42 and 90 in women, and at POD 42 in men. IL-6 was significantly elevated at PODs 1 and 3. Increases in IL-6 from the preoperative level to POD 1 correlated significantly with decreases of cortisol at POD 1 but not with ACTH. Conclusions There were only short-term stress hormonal changes after elective lumbar spine fusion surgery. Cortisol changes after elective lumbar spine surgery are transient and might be partly cytokine induced and non-ACTH driven since there was association between cortisol and IL-6 but not with ACTH and IL-6.
Association of Time in Bed, Social Jetlag, and Sleep Disturbances With Cognitive Performance in Children With ADHD
Authors: Qu Xueqi , Kalb Luther G. , Holingue Calliope , Rojo-Wissar Darlynn M. , Pritchard Alison E. , Spira Adam P. , Volk Heather E. , Jacobson Lisa A. 
Published: October 2023

Objectives: Children with ADHD commonly exhibit sleep disturbances, but there is limited knowledge about how sleep and sleep timing are associated with cognitive dysfunction in children with ADHD. Methods: Participants were 350 children aged 5 to 12 years diagnosed with ADHD. Three sleep-related constructs—time in bed, social jetlag (i.e., discrepancy in sleep timing pattern between school nights and weekend nights), and sleep disturbances were measured using a caregiver-report questionnaire. Linear regression models assessed the associations between sleep-related constructs and cognitive performance. Results: After adjustment for sociodemographic variables, there were few associations between time in bed or sleep disturbances and cognitive performance, however, greater social jetlag was negatively associated with processing speed (β = −.20, 95% CI [−0.35, −0.06]), visually-based reasoning (β = −.13, 95% CI [−0.27, 0.00]), and language-based reasoning (β = −.22, 95% CI [−0.36, −0.08]); all p < .05). Conclusion: Social jetlag, but not time in bed or disturbances, was associated with lower cognitive performance among children with ADHD.
Comparison of the complications and long-term results of heparin-coated and non-heparin-coated symmetric-tip hemodialysis catheters
Authors: Özdemir Mustafa , Taydaş Onur , Danışan Gürkan , Ateş Ömer Faruk 
Published: October 2023

Background: Tunneled catheters are effectively used in patients receiving chronic dialysis due to end-stage renal disease. However, the dysfunction of catheters caused by infection or thrombus requires repetitive procedures. In this study, we aimed to compare the long-term results of heparin-coated and non-heparin-coated tunneled dialysis catheters. Method: The study included a total of 161 patients who underwent tunneled dialysis catheter placement. Heparin-coated and non-heparin-coated tunneled catheters were placed in 81 and 80 patients, respectively. Of all the patients, 89 (55.3%) were male and 72 (44.7%) were female. The mean age of the patients was 64.3 ± 15.3 years. The patients were followed up for 12 months. Results: Catheter infection developed in 10 (6.2%) of the cases, of which seven (70%) resolved with antibiotic therapy and the remaining three (30%) required catheter replacement. There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of the catheter infection rate ( p = 0.84). Fibrin sheaths developed in nine (5.5%) patients. Fibrin sheath development was found to be significantly higher in the non-heparin-coated catheters ( p = 0.017). There was no significant difference in fibrin sheath formation between the patients with and without systemic antiaggregant use ( p = 0.864). The mean catheter durability time was determined to be 11 months in both groups ( p = 0.704). Catheter survival was similar in heparin-coated and non-heparin coated catheters. Conclusion: This study showed that the rate of fibrin sheath development was significantly lower in heparin-coated tunneled catheters than non-heparin-coated catheters. There was no significant difference between the two catheters in terms of the rates of infection and mechanical complications.
Clinical diagnostic and radiographic features of primary spinal atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor in a pediatric patient: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Syed Hashim , Teferi Nahom , Hanson Alec , Challa Meron , Eschbacher Kathryn , Hitchon Patrick 
Published: October 2023

Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumors (ATRTs) are rare embryonal tumors comprising 1-2% of all pediatric CNS neoplasms. Spinal ATRTs are even more uncommon, accounting for 2% of all reported ATRT cases. Despite their rarity, ATRTs affect young children disproportionately and are characterized by a high malignant potential due to a heterogeneous cellular composition and inactivating mutations in the SMARCB1 (90%) and SMARCA4 (10%) genes. A 15-month-old female presented with a 2-week history of decreased lower extremity movement and new-onset need for assistance with ambulation. MRI lumbar spine revealed a contrast-enhancing intradural mass at the L3-L4 level with iso-intensity on T1 and T2 sequences. The patient subsequently underwent subtotal tumor resection (∼80%) given concerns for maintaining neurological function. Final pathology was consistent with spinal ATRT, and she later underwent adjuvant chemoradiation therapy per ACNS0333 protocol. She has since remained in remission with age-appropriate developmental milestones over the past 2 years. ATRTs should be considered in the differential diagnosis of intradural spinal lesions, especially in the pediatric patient population. Clinical course, presentation, and diagnosis is often delayed due to the rarity of these tumors, but contrasted craniospinal MRI is key for diagnosis and histopathology with IHC staining showing loss of INI is confirmatory. While gross total resection is the goal, maximal safe tumor resection should be prioritized in order to preserve neurological function. Adjuvant chemoradiation following gross total/subtotal resection has been shown to significantly improve overall survival.
Exploring psychosocial experiences of behavior therapists dealing with children having autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Shahid Samia , Javed Fatima , Iqbal Muhammad Nasar , Rafiq Muhammad 
Published: October 2023

Behavior therapists play an important role in the life of children with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Literature reported that child’s improvement depends on the quality of therapy they receive. Therefore, the current study aims to explore the psychosocial experiences of behavior therapist working with children having ASD, and suggest the coping strategies which they use to deal with those stressors. The study utilizes a qualitative research design with a phenomenological research approach to explore the psychosocial experiences. For this purpose, the researchers conduct semi-structured interviews of 6 behavior therapists, ages ranging from 25 to 35 years. They note the verbatim of the therapists and convert into codes to create themes and categories. Furthermore, the study utilizes Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis for the interpretation of the results. The results of this phenomenological research indicate six superordinate themes emerged from the transcripts. The results demonstrate professional and psychological experiences of behavior therapists along with the social and the health issues faced by the children with ASD, and the coping strategies used by the therapists that is emotion focused coping, problem focused coping and maladaptive copings. Gaining insight into therapists’ psychosocial experiences can pave the way for developing approaches aimed at enhancing their overall welfare. These approaches may encompass initiatives to alleviate stress, mitigate burnout, and boost job satisfaction.
Construct Validity of the Gait Deviation Index for People With Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury (GDI-SCI)
Authors: Sinovas-Alonso Isabel , Herrera-Valenzuela Diana , de-los-Reyes-Guzmán Ana , Cano-de-la-Cuerda Roberto , del-Ama Antonio J. , Gil-Agudo Ángel 
Published: October 2023

Background The Gait Deviation Index for Spinal Cord Injury (SCI-GDI) was recently proposed as a dimensionless multivariate kinematic measure based on 21 gait features derived from 3-dimensional kinematic data which quantifies gait impairment of adult population with incomplete spinal cord injury (iSCI) relative to the normative gait of a healthy group. Nevertheless, no validity studies of the SCI-GDI have been published to date. Objective To assess the construct validity of the SCI-GDI in adult population following iSCI. Methods. SCI-GDI data were obtained from a sample of 50 healthy volunteers and 35 adults with iSCI. iSCI group was also assessed with the following measures: 10-Meter Walk Test (10MWT) at both self-selected (SS) and maximum speeds, Timed Up and Go Test (TUGT), SS and maximum levels of the Walking Index for Spinal Cord Injury (WISCI) II, mobility items of the Spinal Cord Independence Measure III (SCIM IIIIOMob), Lower Extremity Motor Score (LEMS), and Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS). Spearman’s correlation coefficient was used to investigate the relationship with the SCI-GDI. Results SCI-GDI shows strong correlation with the 10MWT ( r ≥ −.716) and good correlation with LEMS ( r = .638), TUGT ( r = −.582), SS WISCI II levels ( r = .521), and SCIM IIIIOMob ( r = .501). No significant correlations were found with maximum WISCI II levels and MAS ( P > .006). Conclusions Construct validity of the SCI-GDI was demonstrated with the 10MWT, TUGT, LEMS, SCIM IIIIOMob, and SS WISCI II levels for independently walking adults with iSCI. Future work will include assessing the psychometric characteristics with a more heterogeneous sample, also considering the pediatric population.
Terrorism: The present, the future and the unpredictability of the threat
Authors: Brzuszkiewicz Sara 
Published: October 2023

The terrorist threat in 2023 has been characterised by new levels of unpredictability. This is due to two main factors that have unfolded only recently with unparalleled intensity. The first is the bipolarity of the threat. On the one hand, structured and semi-structured radical groups are operating in complex scenarios, such as the Russian war of aggression against Ukraine. On the other, in the West we have been witnessing a recrudescence of lone-actor attacks that, although characterised by low lethality, represent a cause for concern. There is a risk that this dichotomy could catch experts off guard. The second factor that makes the threat particularly unpredictable is the ideological fluidity that is pervading contemporary radical milieux and radicalisation trends: individuals with diverse ideological backgrounds borrow tropes, narratives and communication strategies from other ideologies and adapt them to match their worldviews through processes of reciprocal influencing and cross-pollination. This article aims to analyse the bipolarity between the focus on international crises amid a rise in lone-actor attacks and the ideological fluidity of radical environments to assess how these two factors have generated unprecedented levels of unpredictability when it comes to terrorism and radicalisation.