bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiple synergistic effects of structural coupling and dielectric-magnetic loss in promoting microwave absorption of bark-derived absorbers
Authors: Lei Dongyi , Liu Chengkan , Wang Sijia , Zhang Peng , Li Ying , Yang Donglei , Jin Yihan , Liu Zhenxin , Dong Chunlei 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The explode development of global automation and digitization brings increasing electromagnetic radiation, threatening information security and health. Biomass wave-absorbing materials stand out among massive absorbers due to their green and environmentally friendly features, yet remains severe challenge in equilibration between impedance matching and efficient loss ability. Herein, this work innovatively used waste bark which amounts up to 400 million cubic meters generated from forest as carbon precursor. The FeCo@C nanocomposites derived from FeCo-MOF precursor are introduced on the surface of bark-derived carbon pore using vacuum impregnation and carbonization methods, and tree bark-derived porous carbon (TPC)/FeCo@C composites are successfully fabricated. The unique hierarchical structure composed of three-dimensional (3D) parallel pore structure of bark-derived carbon and yolk-shell structure of FeCo@C favors to optimizing impedance matching and prolonging attenuation paths of microwaves. Additionally, the introduction of FeCo@C can promote interface polarization loss, as well as enhance synergistic effects of dielectric-magnetic losses. Multiple synergistic effects of structural coupling and dielectric-magnetic loss endow TPC/FeCo@C composite attractive absorbing ability. The optimized TPC/FeCo@C-5 exhibits a minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of − 61.04 dB and the effective bandwidth (EAB) of 7.25 GHz at a matching thickness of 2.64 mm, which is superior to most biomass-based absorbers. Apparently, this work presents a valuable concept for the secondary utilization of discarded bark in the domain of microwave absorption, which is significant for achieving energy saving and environmental protection and addressing electromagnetic pollution.
The need for ethical guidelines in mathematical research in the time of generative AI
Authors: Pantsar Markus 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Generative artificial intelligence (AI) applications based on large language models have not enjoyed much success in symbolic processing and reasoning tasks, thus making them of little use in mathematical research. However, recently DeepMind’s AlphaProof and AlphaGeometry 2 applications have been reported to perform well in mathematical problem solving. These applications are hybrid systems combining large language models with rule-based systems, an approach sometimes called neuro-symbolic AI. In this paper, I present a scenario in which such systems are used in research mathematics, more precisely in theorem proving. In the most extreme case, such a system could be an autonomous automated theorem prover (AATP), with the potential of proving new humanly interesting theorems and even presenting them in research papers. The use of such AI applications would be transformative to mathematical practice and demand clear ethical guidelines. In addition to that scenario, I identify other, less radical, uses of generative AI in mathematical research. I analyse how guidelines set for ethical AI use in scientific research can be applied in the case of mathematics, arguing that while there are many similarities, there is also a need for mathematics-specific guidelines.
Apert syndrome: a rare congenital anomaly and experience from a low-resource country: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Abdatam Maimuna , Nhungo Charles John , Muhamba Frank , Mwanga Ally Hamis , Akoko Larry , Mkony Charles A. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Apert syndrome is a congenital condition characterized by coronal craniosynostosis, ex-orbitism, midface hypoplasia as well as symmetric syndactyly of both feet and hands. Apert syndrome is linked by autosomal dominant inheritance to fibroblast growth factors receptor gene alteration.

Case presentation
We present the case of a 20-month-old African boy who exhibited the characteristic facial features of Apert syndrome. Additionally, the child presented with syndactyly of both the fingers and toes. He was born to non-consanguineous parents, with the father being 33 years old at the time of the child's birth. A skull X-ray revealed an increased anteroposterior diameter of the skull, consistent with the cranial abnormalities associated with Apert syndrome. Further imaging of the hands and feet confirmed the pathognomonic syndactyly characteristic of the condition. The patient successfully underwent a series of surgeries to release the syndactyly in both his right and left hands. These surgical interventions have significantly improved the functionality of his hands.

Conclusions
There is a paucity of information about Apert syndrome in Africa. Therefore, in order to enhance strong advocacy of this condition in Africa, more cases should be reported.
Application of different edge detection methods for faults identification in Anza Basin, Kenya
Authors: Li Gege , Chen Qing , Yuan Bingqiang , Tan Xianfeng , Chen Hao , Huang Xiaoyu , Pan Lang 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The shape of gravity anomalies changes due to the disruption of geological bodies’ continuity by fault structures, and their planar contour line characteristics are an important basis for dividing fault structures. However, the traditional potential field boundary identification method has limited ability to detect the boundaries of buried deep geological bodies. Therefore, geophysicists at home and abroad have proposed various new techniques for potential field boundary identification. These techniques aim to effectively and rapidly extract or enhance weak anomaly information about geological bodies’ boundaries. They also aim to delineate the distribution range of field sources. This paper systematically analyzes the principles of various gravity potential field boundary identification methods. It also uses various methods to process and interpret the Bouguer gravity anomalies in the Anza Basin of Kenya. Additionally, it determines the fault system in the basin and carries out structural zoning. The results of the processing of various gravity boundary identification methods with the gravity data in the study area show that a gravity gradient zone is developed in the Anza Basin, where the Bouguer gravity anomalies are all negative and exhibit a large variation range, overall showing a high-southwest and low-northeast trend. The analysis of residual gravity anomaly yields results indicating that the local structure of the study area has obvious structural pattern of the “east-west zone and north-south block”. The study area exhibits developed faults, which can be mainly categorized into two sets with northwest direction and northeast direction orientations. Small-scale northeast-direction faults cut off larger-scale northwest-direction faults. Six tectonic zones were recognized in combination with the gravity anomalies and seismic data in the study area, which include eastern depression, southern uplift, central bulge, western depression, northern slope and western uplift.
Liquid metal ion source based on magnetic suspensions for field emission electric propulsion (FEEP)
Authors: Peiffer L. , Neunzig O. , Tajmar M. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This work presents a process for the creation of emitter structures for liquid metal ion sources based on suspensions of iron and nickel in gallium-based room temperature liquid metal alloys. The process does not require needle etching or vacuum wetting of the emitter. Tip radii of less than 3 μm have been achieved. In addition, first measurements and observations from single emitter emission experiments are presented, including current-voltage characteristics, vacuum stability, degradation mechanisms and first thruster characteristics for the use in field emission electric propulsion. The impedance of the magnetic liquid metal emitters was found to correlate with the mass fraction of particles suspended in the liquid metal. Total impedances up to 30 MΩ have been achieved, indicating the feasibility of emitter clustering. Thrust measurements were performed with a commercial of the shelf load cell and verified in a dedicated setup for field emission electric propulsion testing, featuring a sub micro newton counterbalanced double pendulum thrust balance.
The use of veno-arterial extra corporeal membrane oxygenation for hemodynamics support during high-risk percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Samy Wael , Elghawaby Helmy , Abdelbary Akram , Mohamed Hany Zakaria , Fattah Alia Hassan Abdel 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Complex coronary artery disease still a major health problem, whether high-risk PCI on V-A ECMO or not is a better choice.

Aim and objectives
The study is designed to assess the outcomes of using V-A ECMO on high-risk PCI procedures.

Patients and methods
A prospective interventional study performed on patients with viable ischemic myocardium who refused CABG, syntax score>22, excluding scarred myocardium. V-A ECMO (Fem-Fem configuration) will be initiated during elective high-risk PCI procedure, compared to patients who underwent high-risk PCI refusing ECMO, also excluding patients suffering from acute decompensated heart failure.

Results
This is a case-control study where total of 20 patients were identified, 10 patients underwent high-risk PCI on V-A ECMO support, (Control group) 10 patients underwent high-risk PCI without V-A ECMO; our study showed a statistically significant higher SYNTAX score in group 1 than that in group 2, p value 0.025, no statistically significance difference between the number of cases with left main lesions, unprotected LM and MVD between group 1 and group 2, average ECMO duration of 2.5 h, 6 patients on awake ECMO, and statistically non-significant difference between NYHA class between group 1 and group 2. Also our study showed no statistically difference between LV EF before and after PCI in both groups; in group 1, eight patients had complete revascularization in one session while in group 2 only seven patients had complete revascularization; one patient in group 1 had VT while in group 2, one patient had VF and another one suffered of asystole; group 1 patients all discharged home within 1 week while group 2 had two mortalities during PCI.

Conclusion
ECMO can be successfully used to facilitate elective high-risk PCI minimizing risk of cardiovascular complications.
On Thermospheric Molecular Oxygen and Its Relationship to Solar Activity
Authors: Greer K. R. , Jones M. , Lumpe J. , Eastes R. , Laskar F. , Smith E. , Snow M. , McClintock W. E. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractObservations from the Global‐scale Observations of Limb and Disk (GOLD) mission have provided a new remote‐sensing data source of molecular oxygen profiles in Earth's lower‐to‐middle thermosphere (120–200 km). GOLD O2 observations indicate increasing densities of molecular oxygen at 170 km with rising solar activity between solar radio flux F10.7 values of 60 and ∼120 solar flux units (sfu). This is also seen in comparisons with solar extreme ultraviolet irradiance QEUV between 1 and ∼2.25 erg cm−2 s−1. However, the empirical Mass Spectrometer Incoherent Scatter radar 2.0 (MSIS 2.0) model overestimates O2 densities at 170 km at these low levels of solar activity and predicts a decreasing density with increasing solar flux below ∼120 sfu. Additional data sets validate GOLD observations of O2 and their relationship with solar activity. Accurately determining and forecasting O2 is critical for accurately modeling plasma densities in the ionosphere and thermospheric density in the lower‐to‐middle thermosphere.
Study of Variation Mechanisms of the Martian Diffuse Aurora Based on Monte Carlo Simulations and MAVEN Observations
Authors: Okiyama Taishin , Seki Kanako , Nakamura Yuki , Lillis Robert J. , Rahmati Ali , Larson Davin E. , DiBraccio Gina A. , Schneider Nicholas M. , Jain Sonal K. , Sakata Ryoya , Curry Shannon 
Published: February 2025

AbstractMartian diffuse auroras are ultraviolet emissions spread across the nightside of Mars caused by solar energetic particles (SEP), both electrons and protons. The nightside structures of induced and crustal magnetic fields are expected to affect the diffuse auroral emission profiles caused by electrons, which is far from understood. Here we estimate magnetic field effects on emission based on a newly developed Monte Carlo model simulating collisions and electron cyclotron motions. Parameter surveys of the magnetic field intensity and dip angle (angle of magnetic field line from horizontal direction) under uniform magnetic field structure show that the effects of magnetic field dip angle on auroral altitude profiles are greater than those of magnetic field intensity. We then applied our model to the September 2017 diffuse aurora event using MAVEN SEP electron flux observations and neutral atmospheric profile from the Mars Climate Database as inputs. Comparison between horizontal and vertical magnetic field dip angle cases indicates that the horizontal dip angle case results in broader limb‐integrated auroral altitude profiles than the vertical case and enhances the auroral intensity at high altitudes (>75 km). The magnetic field structure can be one of the important factors in understanding the Martian diffuse auroras.
LEMDA: A Lagrangian‐Eulerian Multiscale Data Assimilation Framework
Authors: Deng Quanling , Chen Nan , Stechmann Samuel N. , Hu Jiuhua 
Published: February 2025

AbstractLagrangian trajectories are widely used as observations for recovering the underlying flow field via Lagrangian data assimilation (DA). However, the strong nonlinearity in the observational process and the high dimensionality of the problems often cause challenges in applying standard Lagrangian DA. In this paper, a Lagrangian‐Eulerian multiscale DA (LEMDA) framework is developed. It starts with exploiting the Boltzmann kinetic description of the particle dynamics to derive a set of continuum equations, which characterize the statistical quantities of particle motions at fixed grids and serve as Eulerian observations. Despite the nonlinearity in the continuum equations and the processes of Lagrangian observations, the time evolution of the posterior distribution from LEMDA can be written down using closed analytic formulas after applying the stochastic surrogate model to describe the flow field. This offers an exact and efficient way of carrying out DA, which avoids using ensemble approximations and the associated tunings. The analytically solvable properties also facilitate the derivation of an effective reduced‐order Lagrangian DA scheme that further enhances computational efficiency. The Lagrangian DA part within the framework has advantages when a moderate number of particles is used, while the Eulerian DA part can effectively save computational costs when the number of particle observations becomes large. The Eulerian DA part is also valuable when particles collide, such as using sea ice floe trajectories as observations. LEMDA naturally applies to multiscale turbulent flow fields, where the Eulerian DA part recovers the large‐scale structures, and the Lagrangian DA part efficiently resolves the small‐scale features in each grid cell via parallel computing. Numerical experiments demonstrate the skillful results of LEMDA and its two components.
Homeostasis and metabolism of iron and other metal ions in neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Chen Leilei , Shen Qingqing , Liu Yingjuan , Zhang Yunqi , Sun Liping , Ma Xizhen , Song Ning , Xie Junxia 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
As essential micronutrients, metal ions such as iron, manganese, copper, and zinc, are required for a wide range of physiological processes in the brain. However, an imbalance in metal ions, whether excessive or insufficient, is detrimental and can contribute to neuronal death through oxidative stress, ferroptosis, cuproptosis, cell senescence, or neuroinflammation. These processes have been found to be involved in the pathological mechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, the research history and milestone events of studying metal ions, including iron, manganese, copper, and zinc in neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease (PD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and Huntington’s disease (HD), will be introduced. Then, the upstream regulators, downstream effector, and crosstalk of mental ions under both physiologic and pathologic conditions will be summarized. Finally, the therapeutic effects of metal ion chelators, such as clioquinol, quercetin, curcumin, coumarin, and their derivatives for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases will be discussed. Additionally, the promising results and limitations observed in clinical trials of these metal ion chelators will also be addressed. This review will not only provide a comprehensive understanding of the role of metal ions in disease development but also offer perspectives on their modulation for the prevention or treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibition re-sensitizes multidrug-resistant DLBCL tumors driven by BCL10 gain-of-function mutants to venetoclax
Authors: Coughlin Caroline A. , Chahar Dhanvantri , Lekakis Marianna , Youssfi Abdessamad A. , Li Lingxiao , Roberts Evan , Gallego Natalia Campos , Volmar Claude-Henry , Landgren Ola , Brothers Shaun , Griswold Anthony J. , Amador Catalina , Bilbao Daniel , Maura Francesco , Schatz Jonathan H. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Disparate pathogenic mechanisms complicate precision-medicine efforts to treat diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), the most common lymphoma diagnosis. Though potentially curable with frontline combination chemoimmunotherapy, DLBCL carries persistently poor prognosis for those with relapsed or refractory (rel/ref) disease, despite recent advances in immunotherapy. Here, we build on recent findings implicating gain-of-function mutations in the BCL10 signaling protein as drivers of resistance to Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors. We show mutant BCL10-driven DLBCL is resistant to multiple additional drug classes, demonstrating urgency to derive mechanistically rooted strategies to overcome undruggable BCL10 mutants that stabilize BTK-independent signaling filaments upstream of NF-kB activation. BCL10 mutants promote a cytokine-reinforced positive feedback loop of lymphomagenesis driving not just NF-kB but multiple additional pathways converging on diffuse activation of oncogenic transcription factors. Up-regulation of anti-apoptotic genes increases mitochondrial membrane potential, underlying multidrug resistance. Increased expression of BCL2, BCL2L1 (BCL-XL), and BCL2A1 (BFL1) drives resistance to venetoclax, but expression can be overcome by the potent non-covalent BTK inhibitor pirtobrutinib. Venetoclax plus pirtobrutinib synergized in overcoming resistance and potently killed BCL10-mutant lymphomas in vitro and in vivo. BTK therefore retains key roles protecting DLBCL from apoptosis even when downstream activation of the BCL10 signaling complex activates NF-kB independently.
Deep learning to decode sites of RNA translation in normal and cancerous tissues
Authors: Clauwaert Jim , McVey Zahra , Gupta Ramneek , Yannuzzi Ian , Basrur Venkatesha , Nesvizhskii Alexey I. , Menschaert Gerben , Prensner John R. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The biological process of RNA translation is fundamental to cellular life and has wide-ranging implications for human disease. Accurate delineation of RNA translation variation represents a significant challenge due to the complexity of the process and technical limitations. Here, we introduce RiboTIE, a transformer model-based approach designed to enhance the analysis of ribosome profiling data. Unlike existing methods, RiboTIE leverages raw ribosome profiling counts directly to robustly detect translated open reading frames (ORFs) with high precision and sensitivity, evaluated on a diverse set of datasets. We demonstrate that RiboTIE successfully recapitulates known findings and provides novel insights into the regulation of RNA translation in both normal brain and medulloblastoma cancer samples. Our results suggest that RiboTIE is a versatile tool that can significantly improve the accuracy and depth of Ribo-Seq data analysis, thereby advancing our understanding of protein synthesis and its implications in disease.
Leveraging the water-environment-health nexus to characterize sustainable water purification solutions
Authors: Luo Yu-Li , Pan Yi-Rong , Wang Xu , Wang Zhao-Yue , Daigger Glen , Ma Jia-Xin , Tang Lin-Hui , Liu Junxin , Ren Nan-Qi , Butler David 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Chemicals of emerging concern (CECs) pose critical threats to both public health and the environment, emphasizing the urgent need for effective water treatment measures. Yet, the implementation of such intervention technologies often results in increased energy consumption and adverse environmental consequences. Here, we employ a comprehensive methodology that integrates multiple datasets, assumptions, and calculations to assess the human health and environmental implications of removing various CECs from source water. Our analysis of two treatment alternatives reveals that the integration of riverbank filtration with reverse osmosis offers a promising solution, yielding healthier and more environmentally favorable outcomes than conventional sequential technologies. By incorporating context-specific practices, such as utilizing renewable energy sources and clean energy technologies, we can mitigate the adverse impacts associated with energy-intensive water treatment services. This research advances our understanding of the water-health-environment nexus and proposes strategies to align drinking water provision with public health and environmental sustainability objectives.
Improving photovoltaic water pumping system performance with ANN-based direct torque control using real-time simulation
Authors: Saady Ikram , Majout Btissam , El Kafazi Ismail , Karim Mohammed , Bossoufi Badre , El Ouanjli Najib , Mahfoud Said , Althobaiti Ahmed , Alghamdi Thamer A. H. , Alenezi Mohammed 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Photovoltaic Water Pumping Systems (PVWPS) have become increasingly important as a renewable energy solution in rural areas, providing energy independence, cost savings, and environmental friendliness. This system has two main controllers. The first controller is employed to maximize power extraction from the PV array by controlling the duty ratio of the DC-DC boost converter. The second controller is responsible for regulating the operation of the induction motor through the switching pulses of the Voltage Source Inverter (VSI). These two controllers play an essential role in the system, which increases efficiency and performance. Therefore, the innovative aspect of this work consists of introducing Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) based on each PVWPS controller. On the one hand, ANN-based MPPT is implemented to ensure optimal performance of the PV array under varying irradiation levels. On the other hand, to overcome the defects and problems caused by Direct Torque Control (DTC), such as flux and torque ripples, high switching frequency, and challenges at low speeds, an ANN-based DTC is proposed in which each of the hysteresis comparators, switching table, and speed controller in the DTC are replaced by ANN controllers. The PVWPS based on the proposed controls is thoroughly modeled and simulated using MATLAB/Simulink software and validated using dSPACE DS1104 Board. The results demonstrate significant improvements, including a 75.51% reduction in flux ripples, a 77.5% reduction in torque ripples, a 44.79% improvement in response time, and an increase in the water quantity. Furthermore, the Real-Time simulation and visualization obtained are consistent with the simulation outcomes.