bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unique information from common diffusion MRI models about white-matter differences across the human adult lifespan
Authors: Henriques Rafael Neto , Henson Richard ,   Cam-CAN, Correia Marta Morgado 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDiffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging (dMRI) is sensitive to white matter microstructural changes across the human lifespan. Several models have been proposed to provide more sensitive and specific metrics than those provided by the conventional Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) analysis. However, previous results using different metrics have led to contradictory conclusions regarding the effect of age on fibre demyelination and axonal loss in adults. Moreover, it remains unclear whether these metrics provide distinct information about the effects of age, for example, on different white-matter tracts. To address this, we analysed dMRI data from 651 adults approximately uniformly aged from 18 to 88 years in the Cambridge Centre for Ageing and Neuroscience (Cam-CAN) cohort, using six dMRI metrics: Fractional Anisotropy (FA) from standard DTI; Mean Signal Diffusion (MSD) and Mean Signal Kurtosis (MSK) from Diffusional Kurtosis Imaging (DKI) applied to directional averaged diffusion-weighted signals; and Neurite Density Index (NDI), Orientation Dispersion Index (ODI), and isotropic Free water volume fraction (Fiso) estimated from Neurite Orientation Dispersion and Density Imaging (NODDI). Averaging across white-matter regions-of-interest (ROIs), second-order polynomial fits revealed that MSD, MSK, and Fiso showed the strongest effects of age, with significant quadratic components suggesting more rapid and sometimes inverted effects in old age. Analysing the data in different age subgroups revealed that some apparent discrepancies in previous studies may be explained by the use of cohorts with different age ranges. Factor analysis of the six metrics across all ROIs revealed three independent factors that can be associated to 1) tissue microscopic properties (e.g., differences in fibre density/myelin), 2) free-water contamination, and 3) tissue configuration complexity (e.g., crossing, dispersing, fanning fibres). While FA captures a combination of different factors, other dMRI metrics are strongly aligned to specific factors (NDI and MSK with Factor 1, Fiso with Factor 2, and ODI with Factor 3). To assess whether directional diffusion and kurtosis quantities provide additional information about the effects of age, further factor analyses were also performed, which showed that additional information about the effects of age may be present in radial and axial kurtosis estimates (but not standard axial and radial diffusivity). In summary, our study offers an explanation for previous discrepancies reported in dMRI ageing studies and provides further insights on the interpretation of different dMRI metrics in the context of white-matter microstructural properties.
Severity and effects of pharyngeal lymphoid hyperplasia vary with age and racetrack location in Thoroughbred racehorses
Authors: Bagshaw J. , Sanz M. , Wang Y. , Shoemaker S. , Bayly W. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This study evaluated the severity of pharyngeal lymphoid hyperplasia (PLH) in relation to age, performance and geographic location of Thoroughbreds racing at 13 American racetracks. PLH severity (graded 1-4 with validated criteria related to size, appearance and coalescence of hyperplastic follicles) and tracheal mucus score (0-5) were determined from videoendoscopies recorded 30-60 min post-racing. There were 198 from 2-year-olds, including following graded stakes races, and 116 were from ≥2-year-old horses following graded races. Performance data was obtained from Thoroughbred racehorse databases. Associations between PLH and speed index, average race speed, mucus score, age, and track location were separately investigated for the 2-year-olds and for the stakes horses using Pearson’s Chi-squared independence test, ANOVA or an ordinal logistic regression model. was significant. There were age (PLH Grade ≥3 in 92% 2-year-olds, 88% for 3-year-olds and 52% in ≥4-year-olds; ) and track location () effects on PLH grade. In 2-year-olds, PLH varied with track location () and race day air quality index (AQI; ). Horses housed at the racetrack had higher PLH grades than horses transported to the race (). Speed index (), tracheal mucus () and average speed () were not associated with PLH severity in 2-year-olds. In stakes horses, severity of PLH was not different between 2- and 3-year-olds but decreased with age in ≥3-year-olds (). Higher PLH grades were associated with decreased speed index () but not average speed (). Track location () and mucus scores () were also associated with PLH grade in all stakes horses. PLH was most severe in 2- and 3-year-old stakes horses but did not impair their performance. Of stakes horses ≥4-years-old, those with PLH ≥3 performed worse than those with PLH ≤2. Racetrack location and AQI were associated with PLH severity in racehorses of all ages for reasons that require further study.
The effect of 4 week-long swimming exercise intervention on increased serotonin levels in male mice (Mus musculus)
Authors: Wigati K.W. , Bintari M.P. , Rejeki P.S. , Wungu C.D.K. , Pranoto A. , Ramadhan R.N. , Setiawan H.K. , Munir M. , Halim S. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Being overweight can be caused by an imbalance between calorie intake and energy expenditure over a long period, and the brain plays an important role in controlling overeating responses. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter involved in regulating food intake and weight. Being overweight is associated with decreased serotonin levels. Decreased serotonin levels have an impact on increased health disorders and depression. The study aimed to analyse the effect of 4 week-long swimming exercise intervention on increased serotonin levels in male mice (Mus musculus). A total of 18 male mice (20-40 g), aged eight weeks with (Lee index (LI) ≥0.3) randomly assigned to three groups: COG (n = 6; control group without intervention), MEG (n = 6; moderate-intensity morning exercise group), and AEG (n = 6; moderate-intensity afternoon exercise group). Morning and afternoon exercise was carried out with a load of 5% of the total body weight of mice. Four weeks of exercise with a frequency of three times a week and were performed for 70% of the maximum duration per session. Blood collection was done 2 × 24 h after the last intervention. Measurement of serum serotonin levels using ELISA. Data analysis techniques using the one-way ANOVA test with SPSS version 17 software. The average levels of serum serotonin of COG were (56.29 ± 3.59 ng/ml), MEG (86.21 ± 18.44 ng/ml), AEG (82.73 ± 25.15 ng/ml), and (). The results of this study show that moderate-intensity exercises in the morning and afternoon increase serum serotonin levels in male mice. Therefore, moderate-intensity morning and afternoon swimming exercises can be used in controlling and inhibiting the over-eating response mediated by the serotonin.
The halfway similarity avoidance rule replicated using phonetic data from European language varieties
Authors: Guzmán Naranjo Matías , Wichmann Søren 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Previous work using lexical data from around the world has suggested that distances between language varieties are distributed such that varieties are typically either rather similar, qualifying as dialects of the same language, or rather dissimilar, qualifying as different languages, with a scarcity of varieties that are around halfway similar. Using a potentially biased sample, Wichmann (2019) observed that there is a bimodal distribution of distances with two roughly normal distributions separated by a valley. Here we test whether a similar distribution is found when using another source of data and an unbiased sample drawn from the cells of a geographical grid (of central Europe). The data consists of 18 lexemes from 274 doculects. Using Bayesian beta regression and leave-one-out cross-validation, we show that the data follows a bimodal distribution which is robust to sampling, and also to at least some aspects of the data (coarse- vs. fine-grained phonetic transcriptions).
The origin of Attic Reduplication
Authors: Jasanoff Jay H. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The origin of Attic reduplication (AR) in Greek, the phenomenon whereby roots beginning with VC- sequences copy the entire sequence in reduplication, is poorly understood. Contrary to the usual approach, which starts from the perfects of roots beginning with *HC- clusters (e.g., ἐλυθ- ‘go out’ < *h1ludh-; perf. ἐλήλ(ο)υθα < *h1leh1l(ó)udh-?), it is argued here that AR began in the reduplicated aorist, where intensive reduplication was a shared innovation with Armenian (Gk. inf. ἀραρεῖν ‘fit together’ = Arm. 3 sg. arar ‘made’ < *h2er-h2r-e/o-). From here AR spread first to the weak forms of the perfect, leaving relic forms like the feminine participle ἀρᾰρυῖα, and then to the perfect paradigm more generally. The historical origin of AR was thus quite different from what might have been supposed from its descriptive profile in a synchronic grammar—a point to which a final discussion is devoted.
Entomophagy in western Kenya: consumption patterns and the role of psychological and socio-cultural factors
Authors: Mulungu K. , Macharia I. , Abro Z. , Kassie M. , Tanga C. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Owing to its potential as an alternative source of protein, entomophagy (insect eating) has received substantial attention from researchers and development actors. However, despite its relatively high acceptance in some regions, such as western Kenya, there is a limited understanding of the factors that drive entomophagy. Therefore, we conducted a study in western Kenya in Bungoma and Trans-Nzoia counties utilising data from a random sample of 442 households to analyse consumption patterns and determinants of insect-eating behaviour. The analysis used the extended theory of planned behaviour and structural equation modelling to determine entomophagy. Termites, grasshoppers, locusts, dung beetles, crickets, and black ants are examples of insects eaten by these communities. Termites are the most known and consumed insect among households. Most households prefer to eat the insects as a whole and not processed. Results indicate that attitude (ATT), perceived behavioural control (PBC), social norms and objective knowledge (OK) positively and significantly influence households’ intention to eat insects, whereas environmental concerns and perceived barriers (neophobia) have no significant effect. In the model where we include objective knowledge and environmental concern, the effects of ATT and PBC are lower. PBC reduces the effect of ATT on behavioural intention while directly negatively affecting entomophagy. Intention to eat is positively associated with insect-eating behaviour. In addition to these psychological factors, we found that culture significantly explains entomophagy. Once we condition on psychological factors, socioeconomic factors do not have any influence on entomophagy. ATT and OK about insects and culture significantly predict preference for termites over beef – suggesting the positive role of nutrition information. These results show the importance of psychological variables and culture in influencing entomophagy.
“You Gotta here these Stories”: An Ecocritical Analysis of mother!
Authors: Torres J.T. , Lupinacci John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
By sharing the experiences of two teacher educators, this article interrogates a tendency in ecojustice education to position humans-as-saviors in climate crisis narratives. The authors postulate the use of film—specifically, Darren Aronofsky’s (2017) mother!—to facilitate the complex process of a critical ontology that decenters humans in stories of ecological relationality. The authors ask: How might we use film to disrupt the ways future teachers are commonly positioned as protagonists in the human-as-savior narrative? How might teachers be positioned to promote Holland, Lachiocotte, Skinner, and Cain’s (2001) pillars of ecological democracy: intelligent communication, recognized identity, and critical agency between multiple species? The authors share how they work with/in teacher education to address these tensions in a Social Foundations or Multicultural Education course. They conclude with pedagogical examples of how the authors envision film as part of a teacher education curriculum.
Predicting Surface Oscillations in Lake Superior from Normal Mode Dynamics
Authors: Kelly Samuel M. , Mansur Maqsood , Green Erica 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Satellite observation of sea surface height (SSH) may soon have sufficient accuracy and resolution to map geostrophic currents in Lake Superior. A dynamic atmosphere correction will be needed to remove SSH variance due to basinwide seiching. Here, the dynamics of rotating barotropic gravity modes are examined using numerical models and lake-level gauges. Gravity modes explain 94% of SSH variance in a general circulation model and evolve as forced, damped oscillators. These modes have significant SSH, but negligible kinetic energy (2 J m−2) and dissipation rates (0.01 mW m−2) relative to other motions in Lake Superior. Removing gravity modes from instantaneous SSH allows geostrophic currents to be accurately computed. Complex empirical orthogonal functions (CEOFs) from 50 years of data at eight lake-level gauges show patterns consistent with the first two gravity modes. The frequency spectra of these CEOFs are consistent with forced, damped oscillators with natural frequencies of 3.05 and 4.91 cycles per day (cpd) and decay time scales of 4.5 and 1.0 days. Modal amplitudes from the general circulation model and lake-level gauges are 80% coherent at 1 cpd, but only 50% coherent at 3 cpd, indicating that the atmospheric reanalysis used to force the general circulation model is not accurate at the high natural frequencies of the gravity modes. The results indicate that a dynamic atmosphere correction should combine modeled gravity modes below 1 cpd and observed mode-1 and mode-2 amplitudes (from lake-level gauges) at higher frequencies. An inverted barometer correction is also recommended to account for low-frequency atmospheric pressure gradients that do not project onto gravity modes.
Parameterizing Eddy Buoyancy Fluxes Across Prograde Shelf/Slope Fronts Using a Slope-Aware GEOMETRIC Closure
Authors: Wei Huaiyu , Wang Yan , Mak Julian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Accurate parameterizations of eddy fluxes across prograde, buoyant shelf and slope currents are crucial to faithful predictions of the heat transfer and water mass transformations in high-latitude ocean environments in ocean climate models. In this work we evaluate several parameterization schemes of eddy buoyancy fluxes in predicting the mean state of prograde current systems using a set of coarse-resolution noneddying simulations, the solutions of which are compared against those of fine-resolution eddy-resolving simulations with nearly identical model configurations. It is found that coarse-resolution simulations employing the energetically constrained GEOMETRIC parameterization can accurately reconstruct the prograde mean flow state, provided that the suppression of eddy buoyancy diffusivity over the continental slope is accounted for. The prognostic subgrid-scale eddy energy budget in the GEOMETRIC parameterization scheme effectively captures the varying trend of the domain-wide eddy energy level in response to environmental changes, even though the energy budget is not specifically designed for a sloping-bottomed ocean. Local errors of the predicted eddy energy are present but do not compromise the predictive skill of the GEOMETRIC parameterization for prograde current systems. This work lays a foundation for improving the representation of prograde current systems in coarse-resolution ocean climate models.

Significance Statement
The objective of this study is to evaluate different methods for predicting ocean volume transports caused by ocean mesoscale eddies across continental margins. This is important because these transports play a critical role in exchanges between coastal seas and open oceans, but cannot be resolved or well represented in ocean climate simulations. This study emphasizes the importance of accounting for the influence of sloping seafloors in controlling the eddy transport across the continental slope. This study also highlights the necessity of simultaneously predicting the eddy energy for better representation of the cross-slope eddy transport in ocean climate simulations.
Predictive value of triple negative breast cancer based on DCE-MRI multi-phase full-volume ROI clinical radiomics model
Authors: Qi Xuan , Wang Wuling , Pan Shuya , Liu Guangzhu , Xia Liang , Duan Shaofeng , He Yongsheng 
Published: November 2023

Background Since no studies compared the value of radiomics features of distinct phases of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) for predicting triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Purpose To identify the optimal phase of DCE-MRI for diagnosing TNBC and, in combination with clinical factors, to develop a clinical-radiomics model to well predict TNBC. Material and Methods This retrospective study included 158 patients with pathology-confirmed breast cancer, including 38 cases of TNBC. The patients were randomly divided into the training and validation set (7:3). Eight radiomics models were built based on eight DCE-MR phases, and their performances were evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and DeLong's test. The Radscore derived from the best radiomics model was integrated with independent clinical risk factors to construct a clinical-radiomics predictive model, and evaluate its performance using ROC analysis, calibration, and decision curve analyses. Results WHO classification, margin, and T2-weighted (T2W) imaging signals were significantly correlated with TNBC and independent risk factors for TNBC ( P<0.05). The clinical model yielded areas under the curve (AUCs) of 0.867 and 0.843 in the training and validation sets, respectively. The radiomics model based on DCEphase7 achieved the highest efficacy, with an AUC of 0.818 and 0.777. The AUC of the clinical-radiomics model was 0.936 and 0.886 in the training and validation sets, respectively. The decision curve showed the clinical utility of the clinical-radiomics model. Conclusion The radiomics features of DCE-MRI had the potential to predict TNBC and could improve the performance of clinical risk factors for preoperative personalized prediction of TNBC.
Serum leptin levels and relationship with maternal weight gain at term among obese and non-obese pregnant women in Enugu, Nigeria: a comparative cross-sectional study
Authors: Enebe Joseph Tochukwu , Enebe Nympha Onyinye , Nwagha Theresa Ukamaka , Meka Ijeoma Angela , Nwankwo Malackay Ezenwaeze , Izuka Emmanuel Obiora , Egede John Okafor , Ugwu Innocent Anayochukwu , Okoro Ngozi Ijeoma , Okoye Helen Chioma , Iyoke Chukwuemeka Anthony 
Published: November 2023

Objective To determine and compare the mean maternal serum leptin levels, the prevalence of high serum leptin levels and mean gestational weight gain at term among obese and non-obese pregnant women in Enugu, Nigeria. Methods This cross-sectional comparative study enrolled obese and non-obese pregnant women. The serum leptin levels of the women were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Anthropometric and sociodemographic data were obtained and compared. Mean weight gain during pregnancy was determined. Results A total of 170 pregnant women were included in the study. The mean ± SD serum leptin level (99.39 ± 50.2 ng/ml) and the prevalence of hyperleptinaemia (81 of 85 patients; 95.3%) among the obese pregnant women at term were significantly higher than those of the non-obese pregnant women (48.98 ± 30.35 ng/ml/65 of 85 patients; 76.5%). The mean percentage weight gain was significantly higher in the non-obese women compared with the obese women at term. The predictors of high maternal serum leptin level at term among the participants were the employment status and levels of education of the participants. Conclusion Maternal serum leptin level, maternal weight gain and prevalence of hyperleptinaemia at term were significantly higher in the obese compared with the non-obese pregnant women.
Tips and Tricks to Facilitate the Combined Iliofemoral Endarterectomy With Stenting for Heavily Calcified Common Femoral Artery Atherosclerosis With Involvement of the External Iliac Artery
Authors: Georgakarakos Efstratios , Dimitriadis Konstantinos , Parisidis Stavros , Triantafyllou Nikolaos , Argyriou Christos , Georgiadis George S. 
Published: November 2023

Background Management of a heavily calcified atherosclerotic occlusive disease involving the common femoral artery (CFA) and external iliac artery (EIA), poses a surgical challenge. Though the current guidelines recommend open surgical therapy for such lesions, this approach is neither easy nor represents the current real-life practice. Purpose To describe tips and tricks facilitating the hybrid technique for the management of distal iliofemoral atherosclerotic disease, where classic endarterectomy is inadequate or ill-performed. Technique A contralateraly inserted guidewire reaches the distal iliac artery via the crossover technique and is directly retrieved from the femoral arteriotomy immediately after removal of the anterior plaque segment. The retrieved and secured guidewire enables extensive retrograde CFA endarterectomy over the wire with avusion proximally to the inguinal ligement, followed by patch arterioplasty. Externalizing the guidewire from the patch enables traction on it and facilitates advancement of the stent through tortuous or stenosed iliac vessels as well as accurate stent deployment to cover the margin of the EIA residual plaque. Moreover, this manipulation enables ipsilateral placement of a sheath and passage of a second, retrograde guidewire to perform kissing stenting in the common iliac vessels. Chronic thrombotic lesions require covered stents to avoid thrombus propagation and meticulous flushing before completion of the femoral patching. Conclusions The combined iliofemoral endarterectomy with stenting does not require advanced endovascular skills and prevents complications associated with incomplete femoral endarterectomy. Extensive avulsion endarterectomy proximal to the inguinal ligament is efficiently and safely performed over a retrieved crossover guidewire, enabling precise residual stenting above the flexion site.