bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selection despite low genetic diversity and high gene flow in a rapid island invasion of the bumblebee, Bombus terrestris
Authors: Kardum Hjort Cecilia , Paris Josephine R. , Smith Henrik G. , Dudaniec Rachael Y. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractInvasive species are predicted to adjust their morphological, physiological and life‐history traits to adapt to their non‐native environments. Although a loss of genetic variation during invasion may restrict local adaptation, introduced species often thrive in novel environments. Despite being founded by just a few individuals, Bombus terrestris (Hymenoptera: Apidae) has in less than 30 years successfully spread across the island of Tasmania (Australia), becoming abundant and competitive with native pollinators. We use RADseq to investigate what neutral and adaptive genetic processes associated with environmental and morphological variation allow B. terrestris to thrive as an invasive species in Tasmania. Given the widespread abundance of B. terrestris, we expected little genetic structure across Tasmania and weak signatures of environmental and morphological selection. We found high gene flow with low genetic diversity, although with significant isolation‐by‐distance and spatial variation in effective migration rates. Restricted migration was evident across the mid‐central region of Tasmania, corresponding to higher elevations, pastural land, low wind speeds and low precipitation seasonality. Tajima's D indicated a recent population expansion extending from the south to the north of the island. Selection signatures were found for loci in relation to precipitation, wind speed and wing loading. Candidate loci were annotated to genes with functions related to cuticle water retention and insect flight muscle stability. Understanding how a genetically impoverished invasive bumblebee has rapidly adapted to a novel island environment provides further understanding about the evolutionary processes that determine successful insect invasions, and the potential for invasive hymenopteran pollinators to spread globally.
Converting the United States and United Kingdom defence sector to civil production: The views of defence workers
Authors: Bell Karen , Price Vivian , McLoughlin Keith , Pemberton Miriam 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThere are many social, environmental, and economic reasons for converting from defence manufacturing to civil production. Importantly, such a transformation could support more peace in the world while still ensuring the secure jobs that the defence sector has historically provided. The views of defence workers on such a transition are important to understanding how this change could effectively and equitably occur. To capture some of these views, the research project on which this paper is based involved interviewing 58 former and current defence sector workers in the United States and the United Kingdom and convening key leadership focus groups which included their trade union representatives. Though these workers' opinions were not entirely polarized and some interviewees had mixed and nuanced views, they loosely fell into three categories (a) opposed to defence diversification, (b) supportive of defence diversification, and (c) supportive in principle but thought that it would be unlikely to happen. The (a) category of defence workers primarily based their view on the idea that the defence sector is necessary for security and a feeling of pride in supporting this endeavor. The (b) category views were built on the perceived harm of the sector, the potential ‘peace dividend’ that would arise from transition, and feelings of guilt about working in the sector. The (c) group of workers identified the profit motive, worker attachment to defence jobs, technological issues, and the economic and political power of the defence companies as the key barriers to change. Proposals for effectively converting included economic incentives, government regulation, and organizing trade unions to push for change. A unified view was that workers want to be involved in discussions about these issues in their workplace and unions.
Expertise for emerging technology: Information, prestige, and the Office of Technology Assessment
Authors: Lewallen Jonathan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPolicy makers often struggle to adapt and respond to the uncertainties and ambiguities associated with new and emerging technologies. In such situations decision makers often widen their search for information and acquire more expertise in order to better define complex problems and to understand the potential consequences of proposed alternatives. I argue that acquiring information also carries social and symbolic value: having reports and other kinds of information provided to you signals that you are a policy maker important and influential enough to keep informed. The Office of Technology Assessment (OTA) provided the US Congress with nonpartisan reports on technology‐related issues from 1972 until 1995 when its funding was zeroed out. Using data on all OTA reports published from 1974 to 1995, I find evidence that, while almost every committee requested at least one report, the reports largely were concentrated among a few committees in each chamber. The committees more likely to request reports also tended to be lower in prestige among members; acquiring OTA reports thus helped raise the committee leaders' profile on science and technology‐related issues but was not directly related to the surrounding issue environment or immediate legislative efforts. OTA reports also were concentrated on a relatively small number of policy issues, which further suggests inequalities in the dynamics of expertise in policy making.
Construction of inclusions with vanishing generalized polarization tensors by imperfect interfaces
Authors: Choi Doosung , Lim Mikyoung 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe investigate the problem of planar conductivity inclusion with imperfect interface conditions. We assume that the inclusion is simply connected. The presence of the inclusion causes a perturbation in the incident background field. This perturbation admits a multipole expansion of which coefficients we call as the generalized polarization tensors (GPTs), extending the previous terminology for inclusions with perfect interfaces. We derive explicit matrix expressions for the GPTs in terms of the incident field, material parameters, and geometry of the inclusion. As an application, we construct GPT‐vanishing structures of general shape that result in negligible perturbations for all uniform incident fields. The structure consists of a simply connected core with an imperfect interface. We provide numerical examples of GPT‐vanishing structures obtained by our proposed scheme.
Feedback control in hemodialysis
Authors: Randhay Ashveer , Eldehni Mohamed Tarek , Selby Nicholas M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA number of systems of feedback control during dialysis have been developed, which have the shared characteristic of prospectively measuring physiological parameters and then automatically altering dialysis parameters in real time according to a pre‐specified dialysis prescription. These include feedback systems aimed at reducing intradialytic hypotension based on relative blood volume monitoring linked to adjustments in ultrafiltration and dialysate conductivity, and blood temperature monitoring linked to alterations in dialysate temperature. Feedback systems also exist that manipulate sodium balance during dialysis by assessing and adjusting dialysate conductivity. In this review article, we discuss the rationale for automated feedback systems during dialysis, describe how the different feedback systems work, and provide a review of the current evidence on their clinical effectiveness.
Emotional tears as social motivators: When and how tearing up motivates social support
Authors: Zickfeld Janis H. , Wróbel Monika 
Published: November 2023

AbstractEmotional tears represent a basic expressive response that is most likely unique to humans. Researchers have debated the specific function of this phenomenon, with recent propositions suggesting that it mainly works as an interpersonal communicative signal motivating observers to provide help and social support to the tearful person. Here, we review evidence when and how emotional tears can act as a social motivator. Based on the emotions as social information (EASI) model, we investigate the importance of emotional expression, observer's inferences, observer's affective reactions, and situational determinants and integrate them to derive a model explaining the interpersonal functions of emotional tears. Overall, most evidence supports the idea that people tearing up, compared to people not tearing up in the exact same situation, are evaluated as less agentic, more communal, and elicit feelings of compassion in observers, which in turn is associated with higher support intentions. These relations are likely moderated by the perceived appropriateness of the expression, which is determined by the characteristics of the expression, the expresser, the observer, and the situation. Our review identifies several gaps, suggesting that the specific relations among the different variables are yet to be determined and methods should focus on more ecologically valid designs and behavioral measures.
Strain-switchable field-induced superconductivity
Authors: Sanchez Joshua J. , Fabbris Gilberto , Choi Yongseong , DeStefano Jonathan M. , Rosenberg Elliott , Shi Yue , Malinowski Paul , Huang Yina , Mazin Igor I. , Kim Jong-Woo , Chu Jiun-Haw , Ryan Philip J. 
Published: November 2023

Field-induced superconductivity is a rare phenomenon where an applied magnetic field enhances or induces superconductivity. Here, we use applied stress as a control switch between a field-tunable superconducting state and a robust non–field-tunable state. This marks the first demonstration of a strain-tunable superconducting spin valve with infinite magnetoresistance. We combine tunable uniaxial stress and applied magnetic field on the ferromagnetic superconductor Eu(Fe0.88Co0.12)2As2to shift the field-induced zero-resistance temperature between 4 K and a record-high value of 10 K. We use x-ray diffraction and spectroscopy measurements under stress and field to reveal that strain tuning of the nematic order and field tuning of the ferromagnetism act as independent control parameters of the superconductivity. Combining comprehensive measurements with DFT calculations, we propose that field-induced superconductivity arises from a novel mechanism, namely, the uniquely dominant effect of the Eu dipolar field when the exchange field splitting is nearly zero.
Synthesis of Vismodegib Derivatives as Potential Smo Agonist: A Case of Undergraduate Experimental Teaching
Authors: Bao X. F. , Zhong M. Y. , Wu Z. X. , Zhang Q. Y. , Wang L. L. , Chen G. L. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The activation of Hh pathway demonstrates therapeutic potential for many diseases. Smo is the main target for the development of Hh pathway modulators. However, compared with Smo antagonist, the development of Smo agonists is lagging behind. Based on our previous work, a series of vismodegib derivatives were designed and synthesized, and their potential to activate the Hh pathway were evaluated via determining the up-regulation of known pathway target genes Gli1, whcih revealed that many target compounds could activate the Hh pathway. XH-16 and XH-17, with the strongest agonistic effect, could upregulate the expression of Gli1 by more than 50% at a concentration of 10 μM. In vitro cytotoxicity against A549 and the MDA-MB-231 cells was evaluated and the results revealed that XH-16 and XH-17 did not exhibit cytotoxicity at a concentration of 50 μM. Molecular docking results confirmed that XH-16 and XH-17 could bind to Smo indicating that their agonistic effect on the Hh pathway may be due to the activation of Smo. XH-16 and XH-17 with novel molecular scaffold could be used as a lead compound for the development of Smo agonists. Moreover, the research process was introduced in a medicinal chemistry experimental course to assist undergraduates in understanding the core of medicinal chemistry and building capabilities for independently carrying out a medicinal chemistry project. And the teaching practice experiences were summed up to provide suggestions for the development of exploratory experimental course.
Experiences of adolescents using sexual health services on Reunion Island: protocol for a qualitative phenomenological study
Authors: Reynaud Danielle , Laboureur Estelle , Marimoutou Catherine , Cartron Emmanuelle 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionAdolescence and early adulthood are often critical periods of sexual development. The discovery of sexual intercourse can lead to sexual risk-taking which may impact the incidence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and unwanted pregnancies. Despite available sexual health services on Reunion Island, sexual health indicators for adolescents are very poor showing a high number of teenage pregnancies and abortions, low use of contraception and an upsurge of STIs. In contrast, this French region is equipped with many services and resources that enable young adults to make informed sexual health choices. This study protocol describes the methodology to describe adolescent experiences of using sexual health services on Reunion Island.Methods and analysisA monocentric descriptive qualitative study using a phenomenological approach will be conducted from December 2022 to August 2023 and will be based on face-to-face semistructured interviews with participants aged 15–19 years and residing on Reunion Island. Recruitment will be distributed at various educational institutions and sexual health centres and will be facilitated by the ‘snowball’ and ‘word-of-mouth’ effect. Data analysis will be independently carried out by three investigators to increase reliability. An interpretative phenomenological analysis will be performed.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee of the Hospital Center University De Bordeaux (CER-BDX-2022-55). Data generated do not fall within the field of biological or medical knowledge nor into the category of Research Involving the Human Person as defined in Articles L. 1121-1 and R. 1121-1 of the Public Health Code in France. All participants will receive information about the study in verbal and written forms and will give their oral consent before enrolment. Results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal as well as presented and disseminated at the Regional Health Agency of Reunion Island, conferences and in meetings with school directors.
Non-pharmacological interventions for patients with psoriasis: a scoping review
Authors: Zhang Xiu-jie , Lin Jingrong , Feng Li , Ou Minxing , Gong Fu-qing 
Published: November 2023

ObjectivesHealthcare ultimately aims to eradicate diseases and restore normality to people’s lives. However, until this is achieved for every person, there is a need to support and assist patients with psoriasis using non-pharmacological interventions. These ‘adjuvant’ approaches have received little attention, whereas dermatologists and researchers strive for better pharmacological therapy. Here, we aimed to perform a scoping review to identify and catalogue non-pharmacological interventions for patients with psoriasis.DesignA scoping review.SettingAll healthcare settings.Search strategyEMBASE, PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Scopus databases were searched from their inception to June 2022. Irrespective of the study type, the studies included non-pharmacological interventions for patients with psoriasis. This theme was extracted from the included articles. Two reviewers independently screened and analysed the data.ResultsFrom 1322 initial records, 71 studies were identified and analysed. Non-pharmacological interventions for patients with psoriasis include two levels: organisational and individual. The organisational non-pharmacological interventions included the nationwide healthcare model (PsPSP, ProvenCare, German PsoHealth and Psoriasis Network, IMPROVE model and PsoWell clinic), innovative teledermatology models (mHealth app, electronic Targeted Intervention for Psoriasis study and therapist-guided internet-based cognitive and behavioural treatments) and multidisciplinary interventions. The individual non-pharmacological interventions included educational interventions (therapeutic patient education, psychoeducational intervention and self-management education), psychosocial interventions (cognitive and behavioural treatments, self-help and peer-to-peer support programmes) and others (happify and motivational interviewing-based training).ConclusionsBased on previous literature, a nationwide healthcare model protocol was constructed for patients with psoriasis. This provided the direction for developing a new psoriasis healthcare model and a basis for summarising the non-pharmacological interventions for patients with psoriasis, which helps them adjust to changes in the skin disease.
IC3 protocol: a longitudinal observational study of cognition after stroke using novel digital health technology
Authors: Gruia Dragos-Cristian , Trender William , Hellyer Peter , Banerjee Soma , Kwan Joseph , Zetterberg Henrik , Hampshire Adam , Geranmayeh Fatemeh 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionStroke is a major cause of death and disability worldwide, frequently resulting in persistent cognitive deficits among survivors. These deficits negatively impact recovery and therapy engagement, and their treatment is consistently rated as high priority by stakeholders and clinicians. Although clinical guidelines endorse cognitive screening for poststroke management, there is currently no gold-standard approach for identifying cognitive deficits after stroke, and clinical stroke services lack the capacity for long-term cognitive monitoring and care. Currently, available assessment tools are either not stroke-specific, not in-depth or lack scalability, leading to heterogeneity in patient assessments.Methods and analysisTo address these challenges, a cost-effective, scalable and comprehensive screening tool is needed to provide a stroke-specific assessment of cognition. The current study presents such a novel digital tool, the Imperial Comprehensive Cognitive Assessment in Cerebrovascular Disease (IC3), designed to detect both domain-general and domain-specific cognitive deficits in patients after stroke with minimal input from a health professional. To ensure its reliability, we will use multiple validation approaches, and aim to recruit a large normative sample of age-matched, gender-matched and education-matched UK-based controls. Moreover, the IC3 assessment will be integrated within a larger prospective observational longitudinal clinical trial, where poststroke cognition will be examined in tandem with brain imaging and blood biomarkers to identify novel multimodal biomarkers of recovery after stroke. This study will enable deeper cognitive phenotyping of patients at a large scale, while identifying those with highest risk of progressive cognitive decline, as well as those with greatest potential for recovery.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by South West—Frenchay Research Ethics Committee (IRAS 299333) and authorised by the UK’s Health Research Authority. Results from the study will be disseminated at conferences and within peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberNCT05885295. Stage: Pre-results.
Solutions to Enhance Health with Alternative Treatments (SEHAT) protocol: a double-blinded randomised controlled trial for gut microbiota-targeted treatment of severe acute malnutrition using rice bran in ready-to-use therapeutic foods in Indonesia
Authors: Weber Annika M , Barbazza Silvia , Fauzi Moretta D , Rachmadewi Asrinisa , Zuhrina Ririh , Putri Fildzah K , Campos Ponce Maiza , Hoeven Marinka van der , Rimbawan Rimbawan , Nasution Zuraidah , Giriwono Puspo E , Wieringa Frank T , Soekarjo Damayanti D , Ryan Elizabeth P 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionCurrent formulations of ready-to-use therapeutic foods (RUTFs) to treat severe acute malnutrition (SAM) in children focus on nutrient density and quantity. Less attention is given to foods targeting gut microbiota metabolism and mucosal barrier functions. Heat-stabilised rice bran contains essential nutrients, prebiotics, vitamins and unique phytochemicals that have demonstrated favourable bioactivity to modulate gut microbiota composition and mucosal immunity. This study seeks to examine the impact of RUTF with rice bran on the microbiota during SAM treatment, recovery and post-treatment growth outcomes in Jember, Indonesia. Findings are expected to provide insights into rice bran as a novel food ingredient to improve SAM treatment outcomes.Methods and analysisA total of 200 children aged 6–59 months with uncomplicated SAM (weight-for-height z-scores (WHZ) <−3, or mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) <115 mm or having bilateral pitting oedema +/++) or approaching SAM (WHZ<−2.5) will be enrolled in a double-blinded, randomised controlled trial. Children in the active control arm will receive a locally produced RUTF; those in the intervention arm will receive the local RUTF with 5% rice bran. Children will receive daily RUTF treatment for 8 weeks and be monitored for 8 weeks of follow-up. Primary outcomes include the effectiveness of RUTF as measured by changes in weight, WHO growth z-scores, MUAC and morbidity. Secondary outcomes include modulation of the gut microbiome and dried blood spot metabolome, the percentage of children recovered at weeks 8 and 12, and malnutrition relapse at week 16. An intention-to-treat analysis will be conducted for each outcome.Ethics and disseminationThe findings of this trial will be submitted to peer-reviewed journals and will be presented at relevant conferences. Ethics approval obtained from the Medical and Health Research Ethical Committee at the Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Madain Yogyakarta Ref. No.: KE/FK/0546/EC/2022 and KE/FK/0703/EC/2023 and from Colorado State University IRB#1823, OHRP FWA00000647.Trial registration numberNCT05319717.