bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frequent impairment of the spindle assembly checkpoint in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Saeki Ayuko , Tamura Shinji , Ito Nobuyuki , Kiso Shinichi , Matsuda Yasuo , Yabuuchi Iwao , Kawata Sumio , Matsuzawa Yuji 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDChromosomal instability (CI) leading to aneuploidy is one form of genetic instability, a characteristic feature of various types of cancers. Recent work has suggested that CI can be induced by a spindle assembly checkpoint defect. The aim of the current study was to determine the frequency of a defect of the checkpoint in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to establish whether alterations of genes encoding the checkpoint were associated with CI in HCC.METHODSAneuploidy and the function of the spindle assembly checkpoint were examined using DNA flow cytometry and morphologic analysis with microtubule disrupting drugs. To explore the molecular basis, the authors examined the expression and alterations of the mitotic checkpoint gene, BUB1, using Northern hybridization and direct sequencing in 8 HCC cell lines and 50 HCC specimens. Furthermore, the authors examined the alterations of other mitotic checkpoint genes, BUBR1, BUB3, MAD2B, and CDC20, using direct sequencing in HCC cell lines with aneuploidy.RESULTSAn impaired spindle assembly checkpoint was found in five (62.5%) of the eight aneuploid cell lines. Transcriptional expressions of the BUB1 gene appeared in all cell lines. While some polymorphic base changes were noted in BUB1, BUBR1, and CDC20, no mutations responsible for impairment of the mitotic checkpoint were found in either the HCC cell lines or HCC specimens, which suggests that these genes did not seem to be involved in tumor development in HCC.CONCLUSIONSThe loss of spindle assembly checkpoint occurred with a high frequency in HCC with CI. However, other mechanisms might also contribute to CI in HCC. Cancer 2002;94:2047–54. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10448
A Phase II trial of intravenous gemcitabine and 5‐fluorouracil with subcutaneous interleukin‐2 and interferon‐α in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Ryan Christopher W. , Vogelzang Nicholas J. , Stadler Walter M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe objective of this study was to determine the response rate and toxicity of gemcitabine and continuous‐infusion 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) in combination with subcutaneous interleukin‐2 (IL2) and interferon‐α (IFNA) in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma.METHODSForty‐one patients were treated with gemcitabine 600 mg/m2 on Days 1, 8, and 15 and continuous‐infusion 5‐FU on Days 1–21. The dose of 5‐FU was 200 mg/m2 per day for the initial 8 patients but was reduced to 150 mg/m2 per day for all remaining patients due to toxicity. Starting on Day 15, IL2 and IFNA were administered for 4 weeks. IL2 was administered at a dose of 11 × 106 IU subcutaneously (sc) 4 days per week and IFNA was administered at a dose of 10.0 × 106 IU sc 2 days per week.RESULTSOf 41 patients enrolled in the study, there was 1 complete response (CR), and there were 5 partial responses (PR), for an overall response rate of 14.6% (90% confidence interval [90%CI], 6.6–26.9%). The median time to disease progression was 6.6 months (90%CI, 3.9–7.5 months), and the median overall survival was 20.6 months (90%CI, 9.6–23.3 months). Toxicity was moderate to severe, with fatigue, fever, anorexia, or nausea experienced by 75–90% of patients. Mucositis and neutropenia, likely due to the gemcitabine and 5‐FU, were experienced by a majority of patients.CONCLUSIONSThe addition of gemcitabine and 5‐FU to subcutaneous IL2 and IFNA results in a similar response rate to what was observed in previous studies of IL2‐based therapy. The toxicity of this four‐drug combination is significant, and the regimen is not recommended for further development. Cancer 2002;94:2602–9. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10528
Subcellular distribution of high‐voltage‐activated calcium channel subtypes in rat globus pallidus neurons
Authors: Hanson Jesse E. , Smith Yoland 
Published: August 2002

AbstractGlobus pallidus (GP) neurons receive dense inhibitory synaptic inputs interspersed with sparse excitatory inputs distributed across the entire extent of their somata and dendrites. Yet, despite this predominance of inhibitory influence, GP neurons fire at a high tonic rate, suggesting that intrinsic properties play an important role in determining the physiological characteristics of these neurons. High‐voltage‐activated (HVA) calcium channels represent an important class of conductances that plays roles in controlling neurotransmitter release, postsynaptic excitability, and intracellular calcium signaling. To better understand the intrinsic properties of GP neurons, we examined the subcellular localization of HVA calcium channels by using immunocytochemistry at the electron microscopic level. Peroxidase labeling with antibodies against P/Q‐, N‐, and R‐type HVA calcium channels demonstrated the presence of these channels in both proximal and distal dendrites of GP neurons. P/Q‐, N‐, and R‐type channels were also found in presynaptic terminals, whereas L‐type channels were found exclusively postsynaptically in neuronal elements. Immunogold labeling demonstrated that, although the density of intracellular L‐type calcium channel labeling remains constant throughout the proximal‐distal extent of the dendritic tree of GP neurons, the density of plasma membrane‐bound channels is greater in distal dendrites. The finding of HVA calcium channels distributed throughout the whole dendritic tree of GP neurons indicates that these channels may interact with synaptic inputs to allow rich processing possibilities for GP neuron dendrites. Furthermore, the finding of a greater density of plasma membrane‐bound L‐type channels in distal dendrites expands the view that L‐type channels are important only in somatic and proximal locations. J. Comp. Neurol. 442:89–98, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intratelencephalic connections of the hippocampus in pigeons (Columba livia)
Authors: Atoji Yasuro , Wild J. Martin , Yamamoto Yoshio , Suzuki Yoshitaka 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBehavioral experiments using ablation of the hippocampus are increasingly being used to address the hypothesis that the avian hippocampus plays a role in memory, as in mammals. However, the morphological basis of the avian hippocampus has been poorly understood. In the present study, the afferent and efferent connections of the hippocampus in the pigeon telencephalon were defined by injections, at various rostrocaudal sites, of neuronal tracers mainly into the triangular part located between its V‐shaped layer of densely packed neurons. The major results obtained in the present study were as follows. 1) A topographical organization of the commissural projections was confirmed. These projections had two courses that projected to the contralateral side, one traveling through the fiber wall of the ventromedial telencephalon, which was the main path from neurons in the caudal hippocampus, and the other running down through the septohippocampal junction, which was the main path from neurons in the middle to rostral hippocampus. Both courses passed through the pallial commissure. 2) The hippocampus projected bilaterally to the septum, parahippocampal area (APH), and dorsolateral cortical area (CDL). These projections were also distributed topographically, with contralateral efferents crossing through the pallial commissure. 3) The hippocampus had ipsilateral reciprocal connections with APH, CDL, and the dorsal hyperstriatum. Septal afferents to the ipsilateral hippocampus were very small. 4) Intrinsic connections were found between the triangular part of the hippocampus and the lateral limb of the V‐shaped layer of neurons. 5) The hippocampus projected ipsilaterally to the ventral basal ganglia and the fasciculus diagonalis Brocae. In sum, these connections of the hippocampus may form a neuronal circuit for the processing of spatial memory in pigeons. J. Comp. Neurol. 447:177–199, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Local differences in vagal afferent innervation of the rat esophagus are reflected by neurochemical differences at the level of the sensory ganglia and by different brainstem projections
Authors: Wank Michael , Neuhuber Winfried L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe objective of the present study was to characterize further the vagal afferent fibers in the rat esophagus, particularly those in its uppermost part, their cell bodies in vagal sensory ganglia, and their central projections. We applied immunohistochemistry for calretinin, calbindin, and calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP); retrograde tracing with FluoroGold; and transganglionic tracing with wheat germ agglutinin‐horseradish peroxidase in combination with neurectomies. Vagal terminal structures in the muscularis propria of the whole esophagus consisted of calretinin‐immunoreactive intraganglionic laminar endings that were linked to cervical vagal and recurrent laryngeal nerve pathways. The mucosa of the uppermost esophagus was innervated by a very dense net of longitudinally arranged, calretinin‐positive fibers that were depleted by section of the superior laryngeal nerve. Distal to this area, the mucosa was virtually devoid of calretinin‐immunoreactive vagal afferents. Calretinin‐positive mucosal fibers in the upper cervical esophagus were classified into four types. One type, the finger‐like endings, was sometimes immunoreactive also for CGRP. About one‐third of cell bodies in vagal sensory ganglia retrogradely labeled from the upper cervical esophagus expressed CGRP, whereas two‐thirds coexpressed calretinin and calbindin but not CGRP. In addition to the central subnucleus of the nucleus of the solitary tract, vagal afferents from the upper cervical esophagus also projected heavily to the interstitial subnucleus. This additional projection was attributed to mucosal afferents traveling through the superior laryngeal nerve. The present study provides a possible morphological basis for bronchopulmonary and aversive reflexes elicited upon stimulation of the esophagus. J. Comp. Neurol. 435:41–59, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anatomical and functional connections among cell groups in the gerbil brain that are activated with ejaculation
Authors: Heeb Michaela M. , Yahr Pauline 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBased on Fos expression, four areas of the gerbil brain are activated with ejaculation, i.e., the posterodorsal preoptic nucleus (PdPN), the lateral part of the posterodorsal medial amygdala (MeApd), the medial cell group of the sexually dimorphic preoptic area (medial SDA), and the parvicellular part of the subparafascicular thalamus (SPFp). The SPFp and medial SDA also express Fos earlier in the context of mating. To study connections among these areas, we injected one with FluoroGold and assessed the colocalization of FluoroGold and mating‐induced Fos in the others. To determine if any of these areas activates the others, we lesioned one unilaterally and measured mating‐induced Fos ipsilaterally and contralaterally in the others. Half of the SPFp cells projecting to the medial SDA, PdPN, and MeApd were activated with mating. SPFp lesions also decreased Fos expression in those areas. However, those areas do not project to the SPFp or affect its Fos expression with mating. Projections from the lateral MeApd to the medial SDA and PdPN, and from the medial SDA to the lateral MeApd, were also activated with mating, but lesions in these areas did not affect Fos expression in the others. Because 32–50% of the mating‐activated cells in the SPFp participated in each SPFp projection identified, projections may have been identified for all of the mating‐activated cells in the SPFp. In contrast, most of the mating‐activated cells in the lateral MeApd, PdPN, and medial SDA do not participate in any projection studied, suggesting that they are either interneurons or project elsewhere. J. Comp. Neurol. 439:248–258, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Restoration of mitochondrial function reverses developmental neuronal death in vitro
Authors: Pena Carlos , Zhou Yinong , Lust David , Pilar Guillermo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn a previous study characterizing morphological and functional features of cell death in trophically deprived chick ciliary ganglion neurons (Pena and Pilar [2000] J. Comp. Neurol. 424:377–396), we hypothesized that early cell death events might be targets for reversal, allowing for rescue of dying neurons. To test this hypothesis, ciliary ganglion (CG) neurons were cultured with or without trophic support (choroid, iris, and pigment epithelium soluble extract [CIPE]), or without trophic support for 11 or 18 hours and then exposed to trophic support. Prior to and at the onset of cell death commitment (11 hours) CIPE‐deprived neurons exhibited increased membrane permeability, blebbing, cytoplasmic vacuolization, swollen mitochondria, low adenosine triphosphate levels, and release of cytochrome c from mitochondria. CIPE readdition at 11 hours reversed these changes. Between 11 and 18 hours, irreversible DNA fragmentation increased in CIPE‐deprived neurons. Cyclosporin A and bongkrekic acid (inhibitors of mitochondrial transition permeability pores) prevented membrane permeability increases and delayed the progression to death in trophically deprived neurons by 12 hours; however, by 48 hours all neurons had died. BOC‐Asp‐CH2F (BAF), a pan‐caspase inhibitor, did not prevent early events of cell death including increased membrane permeability and Cyto c release, but it inhibited DNA fragmentation and prolonged neuronal survival to 48 hours. We conclude that mitochondria changes occur early, prior to commitment and that the suppression of these changes can prevent all the downstream events of death, whereas caspase inhibitors have no effect on the early mitochondria/plasma membrane changes. Mitochondria thus play a critical role in the transition from reversible to irreversible commitment to developmental neuronal death. Furthermore, neuronal death is brought about by activation of one of two distinct pathways, one localized in mitochondria and the other dependent on activation of caspases. J. Comp. Neurol. 440:156–176, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Occurrence of glutamate receptor subunit 1–containing aggresome‐like structures during normal development of rat spinal cord interneurons
Authors: Serrando Maite , Casanovas Anna , Esquerda Josep E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDuring a developmental study of the expression of α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionate (AMPA) ‐type glutamate receptor subunits in rat spinal cord, we observed the existence of cytoplasmic inclusion bodies with positive immunoreactivity to glutamate receptor subunit 1 (GluR1) but not to other glutamate receptor subunits. GluR1‐positive bodies have a diameter of between 1 and 3 μm and can be seen widely distributed throughout spinal cord gray matter, with the exception of the ventral horn region. They transiently appear within a definite developmental time‐period between embryonic day 19 and postnatal day 17 and are only associated with neuronal cells. Ultrastructural analysis revealed that these inclusions were located adjacent to the nucleus and consisted of amorphous material without any limiting membrane. Immunocytochemical analysis revealed that the inclusions displayed positive immunoreactivity to ubiquitin, HSP70, and 20S proteasome. All these data indicate that GluR1‐containing inclusions display all the ultrastructural and immunocytochemical characteristics of the recently described structure, which have been given the name aggresomes. Further studies are needed to determine the biological significance of these normally occurring aggresome‐like inclusions, because aggresomes are usually considered in a pathologic context. J. Comp. Neurol. 442:23–34, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A new algorithm of time stepping in the non‐linear dynamic analysis
Authors: Haitian Yang , Qiang Gao , Xinglin Guo , Chengwei Wu 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper presents a new scheme of time stepping for solving non‐linear dynamic problems. By expanding variables in a discretized time interval, FEM‐based recurrent formulae are derived leading to a self‐adaptive algorithm for different sizes of time steps. There will be no requirement of iteration for the non‐linear solutions. Numerical validation shows satisfactory results. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CBS versus GLS stabilization of the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations and the role of the time step as stabilization parameter
Authors: Codina R. , Zienkiewicz O. C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this work we compare two apparently different stabilization procedures for the finite element approximation of the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations. The first is the characteristic‐based split (CBS). It combines the characteristic Galerkin method to deal with convection dominated flows with a classical splitting technique, which in some cases allows us to use equal velocity–pressure interpolations. The second approach is the Galerkin‐least‐squares (GLS) method, in which a least‐squares form of the element residual is added to the basic Galerkin equations. It is shown that both formulations display similar stabilization mechanisms, provided the stabilization parameter of the GLS method is identified with the time step of the CBS approach. This identification can be understood from a formal Fourier analysis of the linearized problem. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reduction of variation in T‐cell subset enumeration among 55 laboratories using single‐platform, three or four‐color flow cytometry based on CD45 and SSC‐based gating of lymphocytes
Authors: Gratama Jan W. , Kraan Jaco , Keeney Mike , Granger Viv , Barnett David 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDEnumeration of CD4+ and CD8+ T‐cell subsets provides relevant information for diagnosis and monitoring of patients with cellular immunodeficiencies. As a result, an external quality assurance scheme was implemented in Belgium, The Netherlands, and Luxemburg in 1995. A workshop was held to train the participants in state‐of‐the art technology for assessment of absolute T‐cell subset counts (i.e., a three or four‐color, single‐platform assay with lymphocyte gating based on CD45 and sideward light scatter) with the aim to achieve between‐site coefficients of variation (CVs) <10% and within‐site CVs <5% for ≥75% of the participants. Methods: Three send‐outs of stabilized blood from a healthy donor were distributed to 55 laboratories, each with the request to perform the standard assay on three occasions. For comparison, each laboratory performed its local technique in parallel. Results: With the standard technique, between‐site CVs of ∼8% (CD3+ T cells), ∼9% (CD4+ T cells), and ∼10% (CD8+ T cells) were achieved. Within‐site CVs were <5% for 82% (CD3+ T cells) and ∼70% (CD4+ and CD8+ subsets) of the participants. Local techniques yielded between‐site CVs of 13%–17% for CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells. Conclusions: The state‐of‐the‐art technology for T‐cell subset enumeration was implemented successfully among 55 Belgian‐Dutch laboratories and resulted in significant reductions of between‐site variation of absolute CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T‐cell counts. Cytometry (Clin. Cytometry) 50:92–101, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
On optimal cell planning: Case study for a DCS 1800 system
Authors: Bouzouki Stavroula , Kotsopoulos Stavros , Karagiannidis George , Chassomeris Kostas , Lymberopoulos Dimitris 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMicro and pico cell planning strategies are adopted in personal communication systems (PCS) in order to increase their capacity. The usage of the upper UHF band in combination with greater bandwidth is already proposed by telecom engineers in order to achieve the promised service quality and data rates. These strategies are characterized by an increased number of cells in specific geographical areas with the corresponding operating base transceiving stations (BTS) located at relatively low heights above the street level. In this case, the cell planning procedure in linear streets under line‐of‐sight (LOS) conditions needs further study concerning the technical characteristics of the PCS.In this paper, the propagation characteristics of a DCS 1800 system are investigated on a theoretical and experimental basis in a specific geographical area (center of Patras City in Northern Pelloponesse). An improved RF propagation model is proposed in order to determine the propagation path losses occurring under certain multipath fading conditions. Hence an optimum determination of a system's cellular area can be achieved. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reproducibility of cervicovaginal ThinPrep® cellularity assessment
Authors: Haroon Shamsa , Samayoa Luis , Witzke Donald , Davey Diane 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCriteria for judging the squamous cellularity adequacy of cervicovaginal ThinPreps® using cell counts in representative fields have been proposed. We compared the interobserver reproducibility in the designation of ThinPreps® as satisfactory (SAT), satisfactory but limited by (SBLB), or unsatisfactory (UNS) for interpretation. Three reviewers independently assessed 145 cervicovaginal ThinPreps accessioned from 1997–1999 at the University of Kentucky cytopathology laboratory. Scant specimens were retrieved by computer search and more cellular specimens were added to make 145. Adjacent fields on a diameter including center at 10× and 40× were counted for sufficiently preserved and unobscured cells. A specimen was designated UNS if four or more fields at 10× had less than 10 squamous cells, and SBLB if four or more fields at 40× had less than five squamous cells. All three observers agreed on the adequacy designation in 76% of cases and the overall kappa was 0.73 (near excellent). Complete interobserver agreement was present in 86% (63/73) of UNS cases, 79% (33/42) of SAT, but only 47% (14/30) of SBLB slides. When SBLB and UNS categories were combined, the discrimination from the SAT category was excellent (kappa = 0.87) with pairwise k‐values of 0.94–0.97. In conclusion, adjacent field cell count methods to judge ThinPrep cellularity provide near excellent interobserver reproducibility. While we have designated both UNS and SBLB adequacy categories, criteria could easily be revised to set one threshold to separate SAT and UNS ThinPreps. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2002;26:19–21. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pulmonary parenchymal splenosis
Authors: Sarda Rakesh , Sproat Ian , Kurtycz Daniel F. , Hafez Reza 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe describe the cytologic findings of a case of pulmonary parenchymal splenosis, a rare condition that follows lacerating trauma to the spleen, and may masquerade as a metastatic neoplasm. Approximately 24 cases of thoracic splenosis have so far been reported, the vast majority presenting as pleural‐based nodules, and the cytological features of only two cases, both belonging to the latter group, have been described. We believe our case report to be the first to describe the cytological features of an intrapulmonary splenosis, and its features differ from the prior cases by having a mixed inflammatory cell infiltrate, with a predominance of lymphocytes, plus pulmonary macrophages and occasional endothelial cells. This condition has variable cytological features, but the correct diagnosis can be made in the presence of appropriate history and radiographic findings. Confirmation may require biopsy or radionucleide imaging. Diagn. Cytopathol. 24:352–355, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.