bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of brain tumor angiogenesis inhibitors using perfusion magnetic resonance imaging: Quality and analysis results of a phase I trial
Authors: Akella N. Shastry , Twieg Donald B. , Mikkelsen Tom , Hochberg Fred H. , Grossman Stuart , Cloud Gretchen A. , Nabors L. Burt 
Published: November 2004

AbstractPurposeTo determine thresholds of quality for a T2*‐weighted perfusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study and evaluate the effects of an angiogenesis inhibitor on relative blood flow and volume changes in brain tumor patients in a multi‐institution setting.Materials and MethodsA total of 36 volunteers from four participating institutions with clinically diagnosed malignant gliomas were studied using perfusion MRI protocols. These included a baseline study and follow‐up studies every eight weeks to evaluate the effect of an anti‐angiogenic agent on tumor perfusion. Quality tests were performed on the perfusion imaging data by defining statistical thresholds of acceptance. Region of interest (ROI) analysis was performed on tumors and kinetic parameters were normalized with respect to normal tissue.ResultsStatistical thresholds for goodness of the gamma variate fit, T2* recovery, and mean signal full‐width half‐minimum (FWHMin) were computed for our data sets with a 99% one‐sided confidence interval; these were 6.91%, 79.48%, and 23.35 seconds, respectively. Decreases inblood volume and flow measurements were observed in patients with documented clinical response.ConclusionMalignant brain tumors have altered perfusion parameters that may be used to understand and monitor neovascularization. This permits non‐invasive assessment of the efficacy of angiogenesis inhibiting drugs. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2004;20:913–922. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The SENSE ghost: Field‐of‐view restrictions for SENSE imaging
Authors: Goldfarb James W. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractPurposeTo describe a known (but undocumented) limitation in parallel imaging using simulation and experiment. This limitation consists of an artifact that appears when the imaging field of view (FOV) is less than the object size. This study demonstrates this artifact in the phase‐ and partition‐encoding dimensions.Materials and MethodsOne‐dimensional simulations as well as in vivo experiments were performed with FOVs greater and less than the object being imaged. Full‐FOV, reduced‐FOV, and SENSE reconstructions were visually compared.ResultsImage artifacts occurred when the final SENSE FOV was smaller than the object being imaged. This artifact, termed the SENSE ghost, was a residual fold‐over/aliasing artifact. Its location was in the central portion of the image rather than at the edges of the image.ConclusionThis image artifact results from an FOV being smaller than the imaged object. The SENSE reconstruction cannot unfold this additional fold‐over, and will place it in a predictable image location based on the SENSE reduction factor. Knowledge of this artifact is necessary when prescribing SENSE acquisitions and interpreting the resulting images. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2004;20:1046–1051. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI of the pancreas: Initial results in healthy volunteers and patients with chronic pancreatitis
Authors: Coenegrachts Kenneth , Van Steenbergen Werner , De Keyzer Frederik , Vanbeckevoort Dirk , Bielen Didier , Chen Feng , Dockx Steven , Maes Frederik , Bosmans Hilde 
Published: November 2004

AbstractPurposeTo characterize pancreatic perfusion in volunteers and patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP) by dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE) MRI.Materials and MethodsPancreatic enhancement after bolus injection of Gd‐DTPA with a three‐dimensional ultrafast partial‐Fourier radiofrequency (RF) spoiled gradient‐echo (GE) acquisition was examined prospectively. An acquisition volume of the pancreatic parenchyma was obtained every 4.2 seconds during a single breath‐hold in 31 volunteers and 19 patients with CP. We calculated the wash‐in rate and a newly defined parameter, the “time‐to‐inflow deceleration” (TID). A statistical analysis of the differences between both groups was performed with the use of Student's t‐test.ResultsSignificant differences in the TID and wash‐in rate were found for the head and body of the pancreas: the TID was 22.4 sec ± 4.4 sec and 23.5 sec ± 6.1 sec in the pancreatic head and body of the healthy volunteers, and 29.8 sec ± 8.6 sec and 29.4 sec ± 3.8 sec in patients with CP. The wash‐in rate was 96 ± 37 sec−1 and 101 ± 27 sec−1 in controls, and 62 ± 17 sec−1 and 75 ± 27 sec−1 in CP.ConclusionCP can be identified by semiquantitative changes on DCE‐MRI. Whether DCE‐MRI of the pancreas can be used to detect early CP remains to be validated. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2004;20:990–997. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Vertebral neoplastic compression fractures: Assessment by dual‐phase chemical shift imaging
Authors: Eito Kozawa , Waka Saito , Naoko Nishi , Makoto Arnanuma , Atsuko Heshiki 
Published: November 2004

AbstractPurposeTo compare normal vertebrae with vertebrae with neoplastic compression fractures by means of opposed‐phase (OP) and in‐phase (IP) gradient‐echo (GRE) imaging.Materials and MethodsOn OP and IP T1‐W GRE images (obtained at 1.5 T with the fast low‐angle shot (FLASH) technique) of dual‐phase chemical shift sequences, we compared the signal intensity ratios (SIRs) of normal and compression‐fractured vertebrae in 108 patients. Dual‐phase chemical shift sequences were measured in three groups of vertebral bone marrow in terms of the relative SIR in OP and IP images: group 1: normal vertebrae (N = 30 with 90 vertebrae); group 2: non‐neoplastic compression‐fractured vertebrae (N = 58 with 73 vertebrae); and group 3: neoplastic compression‐fractured vertebrae (N = 20 with 27 vertebrae). The presence of compressed vertebrae was ascertained based on the consensus of two experienced radiologists. The mean SIRs among the three groups were compared by means of the Tukey‐Kramer test.ResultsThe mean SIRs of the three groups (group 1: 0.46 ± 0.14; group 2: 0.63 ± 0.21; and group 3: 1.02 ± 0.11) were significantly different according to the Tukey‐Kramer test (P < 0.01).ConclusionOP and IP T1‐W GRE MRI of vertebral SI abnormalities can help predict the nature of compression fractures. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2004;20:1020–1024. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Stroke patients' evolving symptoms assessed by tractography
Authors: Yamada Kei , Ito Hirotoshi , Nakamura Hisao , Kizu Osamu , Akada Wataru , Kubota Takao , Goto Mariko , Konishi Jyunya , Yoshikawa Kenji , Shiga Kensuke , Nakagawa Masanori , Mori Susumu , Nishimura Tsunehiko 
Published: November 2004

AbstractPurposeTo test the hypothesis that an interval evolution in the location of the depicted sensorimotor tract relative to the infarct (the “tract–infarct relationship”) may be related to stroke victims' symptom progression.Materials and MethodsPatients (N = 7) who underwent multiple diffusion‐tensor imaging (DTI) studies during symptomatic progression were included in this study. DTI was performed using a single‐shot echo‐planar imaging (EPI) technique with a motion‐probing gradient in six orientations, a b‐value of 800 seconds/mm2, and six image averages. The total scan time was four minutes and 24 seconds. Fiber‐tracking of the sensorimotor pathways was performed, and the locations of these tracts were retrospectively assessed in relation to the evolution of the symptoms.ResultsFive of the seven patients showed an interval enlargement of the infarct on diffusion‐weighted (DW) images. In two of these cases the lesion enlarged to involve the sensorimotor tracts, while in three cases the lesion enlarged only so far to come into close proximity to the sensorimotor tract. In the remaining two cases there was no interval enlargement of the infarct, and therefore the tract–infarct relationship could not account for the evolution of the symptoms in these cases.ConclusionA tract–infarct relationship can be observed with the use of a fiber‐tracking technique, and the results may improve our understanding of the symptom progression seen in stroke victims. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2004;20:923–929. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sydney multicenter study of Parkinson's disease: Non‐L‐dopa–responsive problems dominate at 15 years
Authors: Hely Mariese A. , Morris John G.L. , Reid Wayne G.J. , Trafficante Robert 
Published: November 2004

AbstractOne‐third of the 149 people recruited 15 to 18 years ago in the Sydney Multicenter Study of Parkinson's disease have survived. The original study compared low‐dose levodopa with low‐dose bromocriptine. We now report the problems experienced by people who survive 15 years from diagnosis. The standardized mortality ratio is significantly elevated at 1.86 and is not significantly different between treatment arms. Falls occur in 81% of patients, and 23% sustained fractures. Cognitive decline is present in 84%, and 48% fulfill the criteria for dementia. Hallucinations and depression are experienced by 50%. Choking has occurred in 50%, symptomatic postural hypotension in 35%, and urinary incontinence in 41%. No patient is still employed, and 40% of patients live in aged care facilities. Although approximately 95% have experienced L‐dopa–induced dyskinesia/dystonia and end of dose failure of medication, in the majority, these symptoms are not disabling. Dyskinesia and dystonia were delayed by early use of bromocriptine, but end‐of‐dose failure appeared at a similar time once L‐dopa was added. The rate of disease progression is similar in both arms of the study. We conclude that the most disabling long‐term problems of Parkinson's disease relate to the emergence of symptoms that are not improved by L‐dopa. Neuroprotective interventions in Parkinson's disease should be judged by their ability to improve non‐L‐dopa–responsive aspects of the disease, rather than just by their capacity to delay the introduction of L‐dopa or reduce its associated side effects. © 2004 Movement Disorder Society
Strict nonblockingness of reduced shuffle‐exchange networks
Authors: Hwang F. K. , Zhang Binwu 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe shuffle‐exchange network is one of the most well‐studied multistage interconnection networks. Whether a (2n − 1)‐stage shuffle‐exchange network is rearrangeable has been a challenging conjecture for some 30 years, and only recently a proof was claimed. In this article, we use the analysis method developed for EGSN networks to show that the shuffle‐exchange network can be strictly nonblocking by deleting some inputs and outputs. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, Vol. 45(1), 4–8 2005
Reconciling the fundamental phenomenological expression of the strain energy of rubber with established experimental facts
Authors: Beda T. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe fundamental Rivlin expression of the strain energy function of rubber materials is readjusted and expanded to an optimal and efficient number of terms, and then stress–stretch behavior relations are derived to provide an accurate prediction of different modes of deformation. An analysis of the effect of deformation on simple and shear reduced stresses has permitted strain invariants I1 and I2 to be taken into consideration when the strain energy function is modeled and has permitted their effects to be highlighted over the entire range of states of strain. With the proposed model, the fit of the experimental data has been shown to provide an accurate response and predictive description in simple extension, biaxial extension, and pure shear. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 125–134, 2005
Dislocation core parameters
Authors: Lothe J. , Hirth J. P. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractRecent results have shown that different methods to obtain line integrals for the energies of dislocation loops, and, by extension, of arbitrary dislocation configurations, give different results when a constant core cutoff parameter is used. We show that a self‐consistent choice of different cutoff parameters for the different methods removes the disparity in energy. The choice of cutoff parameter is discussed in the context of core–core interactions, important in the correlation of elastic estimates of energies with atomistic results. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
In vitro anti‐tyrosinase activity of 5‐(hydroxymethyl)‐2‐furfural isolated from Dictyophora indusiata
Authors: Sharma Vinay K. , Choi Jinsuk , Sharma Niti , Choi Mieyoung , Seo Sung‐Yum 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase by methanolic extract of Dictyophora indusiata was evaluated and the bioactive component was characterized and identiﬁed as 5‐(hydroxymethyl)‐2‐furfural (HMF) by chromatographic and spectroscopic means. Kinetic studies revealed it to be a noncompetitive inhibitor for the oxidation of L‐DOPA. On the basis of these ﬁndings some related analogues were also tested for their anti‐tyrosinase activity, in order to gain more insight into structure and activity relationship among these heterocyclic compounds. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antioxidant effect of EGb 761 on hydrogen peroxide‐induced lipoperoxidation of G‐6‐PD deﬁcient erythrocytes
Authors: Sarikçioğlu Süreyya Bïlmen , Öner Gülsen , Tercan Evren 
Published: November 2004

AbstractIn order to reduce the haemolytic susceptibility of glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G‐6‐PD) deﬁcient erythrocytes, Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) and vitamin E (vit E) were used as antioxidant agents and their effects compared. The erythrocyte suspensions from control and G‐6‐PD deﬁcient patients were subjected to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) incubation for 1 h. The produced thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) levels measured as nmol/g Hb were compared with those of the erythrocytes administered 250 µg/mL EGb 761 or vit E previously or concomitantly with H2O2. Preincubation with EGb 761 reduced the TBARS levels from 317.14 ± 25.27 to 160.09 ± 21.97 nmol/g Hb in controls and from 348.24 ± 7.79 to 205.60 ± 14.22 nmol/g Hb in deﬁcient erythrocytes. Concomitant application of EGb 761 with H2O2 resulted in similar but less reduction. The antioxidative effects of vitamin E were comparable to those of EGb 761. Contrary to the results obtained from oxidant conditions, the antioxidant characteristics of EGb 761 and vitamin E were not observed when they were applied directly to the erythrocytes without oxidative stress. The ﬁndings demonstrate that irrespective of administration time, EGb 761 signiﬁcantly reduced TBARS levels in the erythrocytes of control and G‐6‐PD deﬁcient patients subjected to oxidative stress. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antioxidant activity of supercritical extract of Melissa ofﬁcinalis subsp. ofﬁcinalis and Melissa ofﬁcinalis subsp. inodora
Authors: Marongiu Bruno , Porcedda Silvia , Piras Alessandra , Rosa Antonella , Deiana Monica , Dessì Maria Assunta 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe antioxidant activity of Melissa ofﬁcinalis subsp. ofﬁcinalis and of Melissa ofﬁcinalis subsp. inodora extracts, obtained by using carbon dioxide under supercritical conditions was investigated. The samples were prepared in two steps. A preliminary extraction at 90 bar and 50 °C eliminated the essential oil, then a further extraction at 300 bar and 50 °C obtained the high molecular mass extract. These samples were tested for autoxidation and the iron or EDTA‐mediated oxidation of linoleic acid at 37 °C in the absence of solvent, in in vitro systems. During linoleic acid autoxidation and its EDTA‐mediated oxidation both M. ofﬁcinalis and M. inodora extracts showed an antioxidant activity, and no signiﬁcant differences in their efﬁcacy were observed. None showed any prooxidant activity. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In vivo and in vitro activities of the seed extract of Piper guineense Schum. and Thonn. against skin and gill monogenean parasites of goldﬁsh (Carassius auratus auratus)
Authors: Ekanem A. P. , Wang M. , Simon J. E. , Obiekezie A. I. , Morah F. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractMethanol extracts of the seeds of Piper guineense (Piperaceae) were active against goldﬁsh (Carassius auratus auratus L. Pisces Cyprinidae) monogenean parasites. The seed extract of P. guineense was administered at different concentrations (0.5–2.0 mg/L) under in vivo and in vitro conditions. There was a higher efﬁcacy of the effects of the extracts against ﬁsh parasites under in vitro situations than under in vivo. Three major compounds (piperanine, N‐isobutyl (E,E)‐2,4 decadienamide and Δα,β‐dihydrowasanine) were identiﬁed from the seed extract of Piper guineense by LC‐MS analysis. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Immunopotentiating effect of a ‘Yang’‐promoting formula of traditional Chinese medicine on aged female BALB/c mice
Authors: Zhang Ling , Wang Yu , Wang Li‐Zhong , Gao Xiao‐Ming 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe ‘Yang’‐promoting traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) are used to boost vigor and enhance immunity in humans. In this study, the immunopotentiating effect of VI‐28, a ‘Yang’‐promoting TCM formula containing extracts of radix ginseng, cornu Cervi pantotrichum and radix Salvia miltiorrhizae, was investigated. Groups of 8‐month‐old female ex‐breeder BALB/c mice were fed on ordinary mouse food or food containing a low (0.5%) or high (2%) dose VI‐28 for up to 18 weeks. From week 6, mice on the TCM‐containing diet were much healthier, stronger and more alert than those on the normal mouse food. Furthermore, their thymuses were signiﬁcantly bigger and heavier than those of the control mice. Histological examination revealed structural changes typical of thymic involution in mice of the control group, whilst the microstructure of thymuses from mice taking TCM‐containing food was comparable to that of mice of a much younger age, indicating a positive effect of VI‐28 on slowing down thymic involution. Functional analysis of splenocytes from mice of different groups suggested that oral administration of VI‐28 corrected the hyporesponsiveness of T lymphocytes in aged mice. These results have important implications for our understanding of the mechanisms of the immunoboosting effect of TCM. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of oral chronic isoﬂavones supplementation on male rat sexual performances and sexual hormone plasma levels
Authors: Cicero Arrigo F. G. , Derosa Giuseppe , Arletti Rossana 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe aim of our study was to evaluate how a chronic isoﬂavones oral supplementation could affect male rat sexual behavior in relationship to cause eventual change in plasma sexual hormone concentrations. Isoﬂavones were administered in the form of a standardized dry extract of soybeans. Three groups of 20 sexually experienced male rats were consecutively treated with saline 2 ml, or isoﬂavones 0.4 mg/kg−1 or 0.8 mg/kg−1 soybean dried extract via gastric tube for 40 days. No signiﬁcant differences were found as regards sexual performances of the three studied groups at the baseline levels nor at the end of the study: in relationship to the base‐line value, only mount frequency increased in the control group (z = −2.047, p = 0.041), while intromission frequency in the high dosage isoﬂavones group (z = ‐2.484, p = 0.13). At the base‐line test 23.08% of rats in each group were not able to conclude their performance in the standard time, while at the end of the study only 15.38% of the control group rats were not able to do this. No signiﬁcant difference has been observed as regards FSH, progesterone, androstenedione plasma levels, either between groups or between baseline and study end. Slight differences were found regards LH and testosterone plasma level. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of Manilkara hexandra (Roxb.) Dubard against experimentally‐induced gastric ulcers
Authors: Shah Mamta B. , Goswami S. S. , Santani D. D. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractEffects of the ﬂavonoid rich fraction of the stem bark of Manilkara hexandra (Roxb.) Dubard, have been studied on ethanol, ethanol‐indomethacin and pylorus ligated gastric ulcers in experimental animals. Oral administration of the ethyl acetate extract (extract A3) inhibited the formation of gastric lesions induced by ethanol in a dose dependent manner. The protective effect of extract A3 against ethanol induced gastric lesions was not abolished by pretreatment with indomethacin (10 mg kg−1). Further, extract A3 inhibited increase in vascular permeability due to ethanol administration. Extent of lipid peroxidation was signiﬁcantly reduced in animals treated with extract. Extract A3 also inhibited the formation of gastric ulcers induced by pylorus ligation, when administered both orally and intraperitoneally. Moreover, pretreatment with extract A3 increased mucus production and glycoprotein content, which was evident from the rise in mucin activity and TC: PR ratio. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antibacterial potentiality of Mesua ferrea Linn. flowers
Authors: Mazumder Rupa , Dastidar Sujata G. , Basu S. P. , Mazumder Avijit , Singh S. K. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe antibacterial efﬁcacy of the methanol extract of whole ﬂowers of Mesua ferrea Linn. was studied against various strains of bacteria. It could inhibit a large number of Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria at concentration ranges of 100 to 50 µg/ml, or even lower, as against vibrios and Escherichia coli. In in vivo tests, used at concentrations of 100 and 200 µg/g of body weight, it offered signiﬁcant protection to Swiss strain of albino mice when challenged with 50 MLD of a virulent strain Sulmonella typhimurium ATCC 6539. Mortality in mice due to these two dosages of the extract alone was insigniﬁcant. The extract at 200 µg/g body weight dosage, could signiﬁcantly reduce the viable count of the strain Sulmonella typhimurium ATCC 6539 in liver, spleen and heart blood of the extract treated challenged mice. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pople's Gaussian‐3 model chemistry applied to an investigation of (H2O)8 water clusters
Authors: Day Mary Beth , Kirschner Karl N. , Shields George C. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe Gaussian‐3 method developed by Pople and coworkers has been used to calculate the free energy of neutral octamer clusters of water, (H2O)8. The most energetically stable structures are in excellent agreement with those determined from experiment and those predicted from previous high‐level calculations. Cubic structures are favored over noncubic structures over all temperature ranges studied. The D2d cubic structure is the lowest free energy structure and dominates the potential energy and free energy hypersurfaces from 0 K to 298 K. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2005