bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ion flux measurements using a Mach-Langmuir probe in the ITER prototype neutral beam injection ion source
Authors: Zielke D , Wimmer C , Fantz U 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Neutral beam injection systems as foreseen for ITER use radio-frequency (RF) ion sources at low pressure, where negative hydrogen ions are mainly produced via surface conversion of neutral atoms and positive ions at a plasma facing grid (PG). Up to now there is only limited knowledge about how fluxes and directed velocities of the positive ions are affected by external parameters such as power, pressure and the horizontal magnetic filter field which causes plasma drifts and vertical asymmetries in the vicinity of the PG. For this reason a combined Mach-Langmuir-probe diagnostic is used at multiple positions in the expansion and close to the extraction system in the prototype RF ion source (1/8 of the full ITER ion source size) to measure the positive ions directed velocity and flux as well as the plasma parameters simultaneously. With increasing RF power the flux towards the PG is found to increase linearly, its magnitude being controlled by the plasma density. Towards ITER-relevant pressures the ion flux decreases, in contrast to the directed velocity, which increases non-linearly, reaching around 5 km s−1 at a pressure of 0.3 Pa. The magnetic filter field is discovered to strongly bent down the ion flow in front of the PG. As a result, the ions at the lower half of the PG flow almost exclusively parallel to it, wherefore the flux which impinges onto the lower PG half is reduced by around one order of magnitude.
Field-view model for triboelectric nanogenerator motion superposition analysis
Authors: Zheng Hao , Yu Haiyang , Wu Cui , Wang Yunfei , Zhao Yiming , Wang Zhonglai 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The precise value of the triboelectric nanogenerators’ (TENGs) energy output is hard to predict under coupled three-dimensional spatial motions in practical situations. In addition, motion monitoring based on TENGs in engineering applications requires in-depth support from basic theories. Herein, we introduce the applied field-view motion superposition output model (MSOM) of TENGs to address these challenges. Firstly, a comprehensive model for the field portrait and output prediction of the TENG with spatial motions based on basic physical and electrical theory is established through superposed motion decoupling. Secondly, a triboelectric signal spectrum model is provided to reveal the mechanisms of the TENG’s self-powered spatial motion frequency monitoring. The model validation experiments indicate a high degree of uniformity in practical measurements of the proposed MSOM model predictions. Likewise, the spectrum analysis of the TENG’s signals is verified to be an effective method for frequency monitoring and confirms a reliable observing error, which is less than 1.8%. When the TENG is equipped with three-dimensional motion traits, the MSOM model dramatically expands its physical theories for output prediction, conversion efficiency calculation, and motion monitoring.
An innovative and low-cost system for in situ and real-time cure monitoring using electrical impedancemetry for thermoset and CFRP laminate
Authors: Bao Huikangyue , Marguerès Philippe , Olivier Philippe 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This paper is divided into five sections. The first one introduces the context of our study dealing with the monitoring of the cure of structural composites made of carbon fibers and thermoset matrix (CFRPs). The second one presents a brief state of the art. The third one deals with the materials characterized in this study, and the design and the production of a new bench dedicated to electrical impedance (EI) and thermal measurements. The fourth one compares the results obtained on CFRP and unreinforced matrix samples using conventional differential scanning calorimetry and EI measurements. A conclusion and some prospectives close the paper. In a recent previous work, we studied phases transitions in CFRP during their curing by EI showing that changes in the electrical complex impedance Z can easily be related to those of conventional parameters such as the thermoset matrix degree of cure (DOC) α. This work was carried out using a commercial single-channel impedance analyzer: HIOKI. In addition to its high acquisition cost, this device presented certain limitations in terms of measurement channels (only one) and data acquisition rate (60 s for a frequency sweep). These facts led us to develop a new EI measurement bench for monitoring the impedance changes in CFRP part for aeronautical applications (airframe structures). The innovative new multi-channel (8) bench we designed and manufactured is based on the Digilent PmodIA module (never used previously for this purpose) and an analog-front-end developed for EI measurements. It costs only 15% of the HIOKI analyzer and has a data acquisition rate 48 times higher (1,23 s versus 60 s). All this while maintaining an equivalent impedance measurement range: 100 mΩ to 1 MΩ. The proposed approach makes it possible not only to monitor the DOC α, but also to detect potential cure cycle issues. This latter demonstration was carried out on a new composite material (vacuum-bag oven-cured), NC66/1808NA (supplied by CTMI), which, to our knowledge, had never been characterized in the literature. Compared with preliminary results, similar behavior is obtained on two different CFRPs using two different benches. This clearly underlines the value and quality of the study. Experimental validation of our approach will contribute to CFRP structural health monitoring.
Vision-aided intelligent and adaptive vehicle pose estimation during GNSS outages
Authors: Xu Qimin , Tian Yuan , Ruan Guoxing , Chang Bin 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In this paper, a novel multi-information fusion methodology is proposed for vehicle pose estimation. The purpose is to improve the pose estimation accuracy during global navigation satellite system (GNSS) outages, mainly from two aspects: (1) extra observations of accurate velocities and angular rates without cumulative errors; (2) adaptive and intelligent fusion. Firstly, a multidimensional motion perception network (MMPN) is designed in order to estimate the velocities and angular rates. At the same time, the motion state is also output. The inputs of the network are two consecutive images. Thus, the estimated velocities and angular rates are not affected by cumulative errors. Besides, because the corresponding velocities and angular rates measured by high-quality inertial measurement unit (IMU) with low noise and drift are used as the training samples, the accuracy of the estimated velocities and angular rates are guaranteed. Further, an unscented Kalman filter with federal structure (UKF-F) with different motion models is designed for pose estimation. The local filters of UKF-F use the current probabilities of belonging to the motion patterns output by the MMPN as the information-sharing factors. Thus, the fusion is adaptive to the actual vehicle motion state. In addition, a gate recurrent unit (GRU)-based error compensation module is introduced to further reduce the position errors during GNSS outages. The GRU-based module is trained offline with the input of MMPN and IMU observations. Due to the advantages of time series forecasting, the GRU-based module can accurately predict the position error of IMU/MMPN integration online. The KITTI dataset with different driving scenarios is used to confirm the feasibility of the proposed methodology. The results of the experiments verify that the proposed methodology can achieve precise vehicle pose estimation during GNSS outages.
BOF steelmaking endpoint carbon content and temperature soft sensor based on supervised dual-branch DBN
Authors: Lu Zongxu , Liu Hui , Chen Fugang , Li Heng , Xue XiaoJun 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Accurate prediction of endpoint carbon content and temperature is critical in the basic oxygen furnace (BOF) steelmaking process. Although deep learning soft sensor approaches have the capacity to extract abstract features from high-dimensional nonlinear steelmaking data, they confront the challenge of a low correlation between acquired features and labels. This work presents a BOF steelmaking soft sensor model based on supervised dual-branch deep belief network (SD-DBN) to address this issue. The SD-DBN model incorporates label information into the feature extraction process and fuses crucial feature information to complete the feature extraction in order to extract features that are closely connected to the target variables. First, the supervised Restricted Boltzmann Machine (RBM) is improved by using a pruning strategy to extract features that are highly correlated with quality information, and then the autocorrelation key feature extraction module is spliced and fused to form a dual-branch feature extraction module to improve key information extraction. Second, stacking the supervised dual-branch RBM modules to build a deep feature extraction network enhances the deep extraction capabilities of data features. This deep network stacking not only increases the impact of essential target data in hierarchical training, but it also acquires characteristics associated with the target variables.
Irradiation-induced enhancement of Fe and Al magnetic polarizations in Fe60Al40 films
Authors: Smekhova A , Szyjka Th , La Torre E , Ollefs K , Eggert B , Cöster B , Wilhelm F , Bali R , Lindner J , Rogalev A , Többens D , Weschke E , Luo C , Chen K , Radu F , Schmitz-Antoniak C , Wende H 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The rise of Fe magnetic moment, changes in Al electronic structure and a variation of Al magnetic polarization in thin films of transition metal aluminide Fe60Al40 have been probed through the order-disorder phase transition by soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy and x-ray resonant magnetic reflectivity in the extreme ultraviolet regime. In a course of the transition induced by 20 keV Ne+ irradiation with low fluences (∼1014 ions cm−2), x-ray magnetic circular dichroism spectra taken at the Fe L

2
,
3

absorption edges at room and low temperatures revealed a pronounced increase of Fe

3

d

states spin-polarization. X-ray resonant magnetic reflectivity applied to the Al L

2
,
3

and Fe M

2
,
3

edges allowed to detect the magnetic polarization of Al atoms in the films. The changes in Al electronic structure have been seen by alteration of Al K edge x-ray absorption near edge structure. A difference in anisotropy fields for films before and after irradiation has been observed by element-specific hysteresis loops recorded at low temperatures in absorption and reflection geometries at the Fe L

2
,
3

and M

2
,
3

edges, respectively. An attempt to reduce the top oxide layer by an inductively coupled hydrogen plasma has shown a possibility to recover the chemically ordered phase.
Vectorial active matter on the lattice: polar condensates and nematic filaments
Authors: Nava-Sedeño Josué Manik , Hatzikirou Haralampos , Voß-Böhme Anja , Brusch Lutz , Deutsch Andreas , Peruani Fernando 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
We introduce a novel lattice-gas cellular automaton (LGCA) for compressible vectorial active matter with polar and nematic velocity alignment. Interactions are, by construction, zero-range. For polar alignment, we show the system undergoes a phase transition that promotes aggregation with strong resemblance to the classic zero-range process. We find that above a critical point, the states of a macroscopic fraction of the particles in the system coalesce into the same state, sharing the same position and momentum (polar condensate). For nematic alignment, the system also exhibits condensation, but there exist fundamental differences: a macroscopic fraction of the particles in the system collapses into a filament, where particles possess only two possible momenta. Furthermore, we derive hydrodynamic equations for the active LGCA model to understand the phase transitions and condensation that undergoes the system. We also show that generically the discrete lattice symmetries—e.g. of a square or hexagonal lattice—affect drastically the emergent large-scale properties of on-lattice active systems. The study puts in evidence that aligning active matter on the lattice displays new behavior, including phase transitions to states that share similarities to condensation models.
The energy dissipation topology and characteristics of GaInSn liquid metal and ZnO resistors based on high-voltage DC circuit breakers
Authors: Gao Guoqiang , Ma Yaguang , Dong Keliang , Xiang Yu , Li Zheng , Wang Xiangfei , Wang Aozheng , You Bingyan , Yang Zefeng , Wei Wenfu , Wu Guangning 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
High voltage direct current (HVDC) circuit breakers play a very crucial role in HVDC transmission systems. Energy dissipation circuit branches are the main part of the HVDC breaker. The volume and size of energy dissipation branches are the bottlenecks of the HVDC breaker, and the existing energy dissipation schemes can not meet the lightweight requirements. In this work, a combined energy dissipation scheme based on gallium indium tin (GaInSn) liquid metal and ZnO resistors is proposed for the energy dissipation branch of a circuit breaker. Firstly, the self-shrinking of GaInSn liquid metal mechanism is analyzed and the energy dissipation characteristics at different stages are investigated. The variation patterns of short circuit current, arc voltage, resistance and other parameters in the process of liquid metal arcing and energy dissipation are obtained. Secondly, the circuit model of liquid metal in arcing and energy dissipation process is established. The equivalent nonlinear time-varying conductance of the arcing process of the liquid metal dissipative element is simulated by combining the volt-ampere characteristic curves of the liquid metal dissipative module. Finally, the topology of energy dissipation circuit branches combined by GaInSn liquid metal and ZnO resistors is proposed. At the same time, the HVDC breaker model combined by a hybrid DC circuit breaker and energy dissipation circuit branches is constructed. The energy dissipation ratio and distribution law of GaInSn liquid metal and ZnO resistors in the composite type of circuit breaker are verified. The composite dissipation improves the overall energy dissipation density of the circuit breaker compared to the conventional ZnO resistors energy dissipation.
Physical Properties of Cu, Co, and Zn doped TiO2 nanocrystalline thin films prepared using spray pyrolysis
Authors: Aboud Ahmed A , El-Gawaad N S Abd , Al-Dossari M 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This research focuses on the preparation and characterization of TiO2 thin films in both pure and doped forms. The films were deposited onto glass substrates using the spray pyrolysis technique. The pure film was doped with Cu, Co, and Zn at a constant ratio of 3 wt% in the starting solution. XRD analysis revealed the presence of anatase TiO2 phase in all deposited films. The crystallite size of the pure film was determined using Scherer’s equation and found to be 8.3 nm, while the doped films had sizes of 11.3 nm (Cu), 13.8 nm (Co), and 11.3 nm (Zn). SEM images showed the formation of fine grains with a normal distribution, with average sizes of 27.02 nm (pure), 39.37 nm (Cu), 33.4 nm (Co), and 29.37 nm (Zn) for the respective doped TiO2 films. EDX analysis confirmed the presence of the dopant elements in the deposited films. It was observed that all films exhibited a direct band gap, with a value of 3.79 eV for the pure film, which slightly decreased upon doping. Additionally, various optical constants such as refractive index, extinction coefficient, dielectric constant, relaxation time, and optical mobility were estimated and presented in this study.
Tracking the multifield dynamics with cosmological data: a Monte Carlo approach
Authors: Giarè William , De Angelis Mariaveronica , van de Bruck Carsten , Di Valentino Eleonora 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
We introduce a numerical method specifically designed for investigating generic multifield models of inflation where a number of scalar fields ϕ
K
are minimally coupled to gravity and live in a field space with a non-trivial metric 𝒢>
IJ
(ϕ
K
). Our algorithm consists of three main parts. Firstly, we solve the field equations through the entire inflationary period, deriving predictions for observable quantities such as the spectrum of scalar perturbations, primordial gravitational waves, and isocurvature modes. We also incorporate the transfer matrix formalism to track the behavior of adiabatic and isocurvature modes on super-horizon scales and the transfer of entropy to scalar modes after the horizon crossing. Secondly, we interface our algorithm with Boltzmann integrator codes to compute the subsequent full cosmology, including the cosmic microwave background anisotropies and polarization angular power spectra. Finally, we develop a novel sampling algorithm able to efficiently explore a large volume of the parameter space and identify a sub-region where theoretical predictions agree with observations. In this way, sampling over the initial conditions of the fields and the free parameters of the models, we enable Monte Carlo analysis of multifield scenarios. We test all the features of our approach by analyzing a specific model and deriving constraints on its free parameters. Our methodology provides a robust framework for studying multifield inflation, opening new avenues for future research in the field.
Modeling the performance of perovskite solar cells with inserting porous insulating alumina nanoplates
Authors: Pan 潘 Zhaoyao 赵耀 , Yang 杨 Jinpeng 金彭 , Shen 沈 Xiaoshuang 小双 
Published: December 2023

Peng et al. [Science 379 683 (2023)] reported an effective method to improve the performance of perovskite solar cells by using thicker porous insulator contact (PIC)-alumina nanoplates. This method overcomes the trade-off between the open-circuit voltage and the fill factor through two mechanisms: reduced surface recombination velocity and increased bulk recombination lifetime due to better perovskite crystallinity. From arguments of drift-diffusion simulations, we find that an increase in mobility and carrier recombination lifetime in bulk are the key factors for minimizing the resistance-effect from thicker PICs and achieving a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) at approximately 25% reduced contact area. Furthermore, the partially replacement of perovskite films with thicker PICs would result in a reduction in short-current density, but the relative low refractive index of the PICs imbedded into the high refractive index perovskite creates light trapping structures that compensate for this loss.
Numerical Studies on Effects of Blade Number Variations on Performance of Sludge Pumps
Authors: Nguyen Van-Dung , Nguyen Huu-That , Tran Thien-Phuc , Ton Thien-Phuong 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The sedimentation of sludge in pangasius catfish ponds constitutes a notable challenge for the economic advancement of Vietnamese farmers. Sludge formation is the result of a composite process involving residual food, waste material, and algae, which undergo decomposition, thereby releasing hazardous gases such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S), ammonia (NH3), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). These emissions subsequently diminish oxygen levels within the ponds, adversely affecting the growth of catfish. Removal of the accumulated sludge is deemed necessary every two months throughout the catfish cultivation cycle. A proficient sludge pump, designed to function effectively within the Vietnamese environmental context, becomes imperative to address this predicament. The primary objective of this research paper is to explore the influence of blade count on the performance metrics of a sludge pump. Given that pangasius ponds typically exhibit depths ranging from 2 to 4 meters, this study is predominantly centered on assessing pump performance within the specified head range of 2 to 4 meters. Employing the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methodology, the research delves into the fluid dynamics of sludge pumps featuring impeller blades numbering 7, 8, 9, and 10. These pumps are modeled as semi-open impeller centrifugal pumps operating at a speed of 2200 revolutions per minute (rpm), with the k-e turbulence model and the time-averaged Navier-Stokes equation serving as the fundamental analytical framework.
Benthic Habitat Mapping and Bathymetry Retrieval in The Shallow Water of Cham Island, Vietnam
Authors: An Nguyen Van , An Tran Thi , Quang Nguyen Hao , Thang Ha Nam , Thap Le Van 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Coral reef ecosystems are under enormous pressure from human use and global climate change, particularly in the nearshore region. Cu Lao Cham Island and its surrounding water is a highly biodiverse marine area, it is home to 290 coral species together 370 species of underwater plant life, and nearly 280 reef fish species. Human activities like indiscriminate fishery and excessive tourism activities have had a great impact on these coral reefs. Thereby breaking the structure of marine ecosystems, leading to a decline in the number and types of aquatic and marine products. Therefore, high spatial resolution benthic habitat information is essential for coral reef protection and management in Cham Island. Planet Scope (PS) with very high spatial resolution (3 m) and temporal resolution (almost daily) can provide an ideal system for benthic habitat and seagrass mapping. In our study, several algorithms were applied with PS to provide bathymetry estimation, bottom reflectance retrieval, and per-pixel classification algorithms (Vector Machine – SVM, and Random Forest – RF) to identify different benthic compositions in the shallow water of Cham Island. The field measurements were used to validate classification results. Our results illustrate the benefit of using the bottom reflectance to discriminate the benthic features, with overall accuracy of 90.95% with SVM, and 90.55% with RF.
Assessing the torque and thrust forces in micro-drilling of thermal barrier coated nickel superalloys
Authors: Patil Pratik Ashokrao , Patil Sachin K , Kamble Maithilee N 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Nickel superalloys are crucial materials for aerospace applications, offering exceptional performance at high temperatures. Key components in aircraft engines, such as turbine blades, guiding vanes, afterburners, and casings, require the intricate process of micro-drilling to enable effusion cooling. However, when dealing with nickel-based superalloys, tool breakage during micro-drilling is a substantial drawback. This study investigates the cutting forces acting at the tool-workpiece interface during the micro-drilling of thermal barrier-coated Nimonic 90. The micro-drilling was conducted under three lubrication conditions: dry, flood, and 0.5% Graphene-based NMQL, utilizing a 700 μm diameter TiAlN-coated tungsten carbide drill. Experiments were performed at spindle speeds of 1000, 2000, and 3000 rpm, with a constant feed rate of 3 μm/rev. Results revealed that under dry conditions, the micro-drill failed after drilling just 16, 18, and 15 holes at spindle speeds of 1000, 2000, and 3000 rpm, respectively. In contrast, no failures occurred under flood and 0.5% Graphene-based NMQL lubrication conditions, likely due to improved heat dissipation, resulting in reduced thrust forces and torque acting on the micro-drill. Thrust force and torque values were measured using a Kistler 3-component mini dynamometer, with maximum values of 26 N and 0.31 N-m at 1000 rpm under dry lubrication conditions. These values decreased to 24 N and 0.25 N-m and 22 N and 0.19 N-m at spindle speeds of 2000 and 3000 rpm, respectively. NMQL lubrication conditions consistently exhibited lower thrust force and torque values compared to dry and flood conditions, with the lowest recorded values (12.5 N and 0.06 N-m) at 3000 rpm in the NMQL lubrication condition. The NMQL condition facilitated for efficient and better drilling operation due to the rolling effect produced by the graphene nanoparticles.