bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Headache and Pain of Spontaneous Carotid Dissection
Authors: Fisher C. M. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISThe clinical features of the headache and neck pain in 21 cases of spontaneous carotid dissection are described. Twenty of 21 patients had head pain or headache and of the 20, 12 had neck pain as well. One patient had neck pain only. Typically, the headache involved the ipsilateral forequarter of the head and neck pain was of local origin in the region of the upper few inches (10 cm.) of the internal carotid artery. Recognition of the headache as a prodromal manifestation may lead to prevention of a stroke through the use of anticoagulation.
Cocaine as an Abortive Agent in Cluster Headache
Authors: Barre' Felix 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISA systematic trial of Cocaine hydrochloride as an abortive therapeutic agent in cluster headache is presented. Headache induction was performed with sublingual Nitroglycerin (1.0 mg) and cocaine was employed for abortive purposes. Subjects were then instructed in a mode of self‐application of cocaine solution to their Sphenopalatine Foramen regions for abortion. Most patients can learn to abort most of their cluster headaches by application of cocaine solution to their Sphenopalatine Foramen region in from 15 seconds to three minutes. The risk of addiction is slight when employing 5 to 10% solution for the period of time that the typical cluster persists (4–12 weeks), and the benefits are great in cessation of the agonizing pain that accompanies this headache. Cocaine may be a valuable adjunctive abortive therapeutic measure in cluster headache when combined with a patient educational program. The rapidity of its effectiveness in some circumstances might suggest that the origin of much of the pain of cluster headache may be found in the Pterygomaxillary Fossa region.
Effort Headache in Runners
Authors: Massey E. Wayne 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISEffort Headache may be produced by many sports activities and three cases are presented which occurred in runners. The clinical characteristics are similar to vascular headaches aggrevated by altitude, heat, high humidity and sexual intercourse. Although exertional headache should cause vigilance in evaluation, a benign type is usually seen in runners.
Further Observations on the Mast Cells Over the Painful Region in Cluster Headache Patients
Authors: Liberski P.P. , Prusinski A. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSIS23 patients and 6 healthy controls were requested to participate in this study. Examination of skin samples consisted of light microscopic estimation as well as, transmission electron microscopic techniques (TEM) and immunohistochemical techniques. The total number of mast cells (MCs) was significantly higher in cluster headache (CH) patients than in controls, but differences between painful region and opposite temporal site were inconclusive. TEM search revealed presence of MCs around nerve fibres. There were no plasma cells containing polyclonal Ig, IgA, IgG and IgM according to horseradish peroxidase techniques. These observations suggest the role of MCs in CH pathogenesis, which support author's previous findings and results of others as well. The lack of PCs may indicate no involvement of B‐cell mediated phenomena but of T‐cell one, of which MCs are special part.
Superficial Temporal Arterial Dilation Without Headache in Extracranial‐Intracranial Bypass Patients
Authors: Myers Daniel E. , Boone Stephen C. , Gregg John M. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISSuperficial temporal arterial (STA) dilation has long been associated with migraine pain, but it is still not clear if vasodilation alone is sufficient to produce pain. Extracranial‐intracranial bypass (EC‐IC) patients are known to exhibit STA dilation post‐operatively. A group of 56 E.C.‐I.C. patients was questioned about headache, during scheduled post‐operative examinations. Routine pre‐operative and post operative arteriograms of the STA were compared to verify vasodilation. Doppler sonograms were performed on eight of these patients to demonstrate systolic flow velocity changes and to evaluate velocity pulse curve profiles. Despite significant and sometimes marked arterial dilation, as well as pulsatile changes consistent with migraine, none of the subjects complained of post‐operative headache. Implications of the results with regard to migraine, hypertensive and toxic headaches are discussed.
The Psychophysiological Etiology of Muscle‐Contraction Headache
Authors: Haynes Stephen N. , Cuevas Jacqueline , Gannon Linda R. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISAlthough numerous pharmacological and behavioral treatments of muscle‐contraction headache have been introduced, the psychophysiological mechanisms underlying this pain disorder have not been identified. This paper reviews and critiques laboratory and treatment studies which add to our understanding of the psychophysiological factors involved in muscle‐contraction headache. The results of a number of studies are consistent with a hypothesized muscle‐contraction or vasomotor etiology. However, other studies have reported results inconsistent with these traditional etiological hypotheses. Interpretation of results is hindered by numerous methodological problems, particularly inconsistent and unreliable diagnostic procedures and insufficient controls for alternative etiological explanations. Although causal inferences are difficult to draw, it is evident that significant individual differences exist in the degree to which muscle‐contraction headaches are associated with elevated cephalic muscle tension and that muscle tension alone is insufficient to account for the occurrence of muscle‐contraction headache. The role of additional possible causative factors is discussed.
Tension Headache Patients Versus Controls: A Study of EMG Parameters
Authors: Sutton Elyse P. , Belar Cynthia D. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISTursky's (1976) set of pain descriptors for the intensity and reactivity dimensions were psychophysically scaled by patients with either tension, migraine, combined migraine and tension or cluster headaches and by a group of non‐headache sufferers. The reactivity descriptors consistently discriminated headache from non‐headache subjects and tended to be aligned consistent with the severity of the pain experienced in the various kinds of headaches.
Cardiac Arrhythmia in Basilar Migraine
Authors: Gilroy John , Lerman Victor J. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISBasilar migraine may produce temporary change in brainstem function resulting in impairment of activity of medullary autonomic nuclei. A case of basilar migraine with transient cardiac arrhythmia is described and it is suggested that abnormalities in cardiac rhythm may be detected by cardiographic monitoring in some cases of basilar migraine. This report emphasizes the occasional occurrence of serious complications during a migraine attack.
Lateral Medullary Syndrome After Basilar Migraine
Authors: Solomon Glen D. , Spaccavento Leo J. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISBrainstem strokes have been reported following neck trauma and manipulation, but never previously reported following basilar artery migraine. We describe a 21‐year‐old man who suffered a lateral medullary syndrome associated with basilar artery migraines. Angiography revealed complete occlusion of the left vertebral artery.
Chronic Muscle Contraction Headache and the Pain‐Prone Disorder
Authors: Blumer Dietrich , Heilbronn Mary 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISIt has long been recognized that depressive traits are commonly associated with muscle contraction headache. Our studies of patients with chronic pain afflicting various body parts led to the delineation of a psycho‐biological profile consisting of typical depressive features, in addition to a set of characteristic clinical, premorbid and historical features. We term this syndrome the pain‐prone disorder and consider it a variant of depressive disease. This study compared psychobiological profiles of patients whose pain was localized to the head with that of patients whose pain was localized to single and multiple areas elsewhere. Of a total 627 chronic pain patients referred to the Henry Ford Hospital Pain Clinic after no somatic cause for their pain was substantiated, 32 patients complained of headaches only, and 53 complained of pain with single localization elsewhere; we randomly selected an additional 53 patients who complained of pain in multiple locations. The headache patients differed from all other pain patients in only three respects: their pain was less continuous; there was greater denial of emotional problems, though a larger number reported suicidal gestures. All groups were likewise depressed. The results support the concept of chronic pain as a variant of depressive disease, regardless of location.
Evaluation of Oculocephalic Sympathetic Function in Vascular Headache Syndromes
Authors: Vijayan N. , Watson Craig 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISThe pathogenesis of cluster accompaniments remains unknown. Generally these manifestations are considered to be the result of sympathetic paralysis and parasympathetic overactivity. However, no definitive studies have so far been done to support this idea.These accompaniments were studied clinically in 44 patients. Detailed autonomic function testing was undertaken in 7 of them utilizing the techniques described in the accompanying paper. We conclude from this study that the accompaniments can be explained on the basis of (1) sympathetic paralysis alone, and (2) that the site of lesion in the sympathetic pathway is located in the third neuron, most likely in the pericarotid region.
Natural History of Cluster Headache‐ Part 1 Outcome of Drop‐out Patients
Authors: Kudrow Lee 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISCluster patients lost to follow‐up for a period of from three to eight years were the subject of this study. One hundred and forty‐nine/169 drop‐outs or their relatives were contacted via mailings, telephone calls, or professional missing‐person searchers; and questioned regarding headache status and serious illness.Of the 149 drop‐out patients, 75 (50.3%) reported no change in headache. Eleven (7.4%) had experienced a shift in headache type, that is, from chronic to episodic or episodic to chronic, equally. Fifty‐one (34.2%) had experienced a prolonged (permanent ?) remission, and twelve (8.1%) had died. Thus, the major determinants of drop‐out status included prolonged remission (longer than usual remission duration) and death (42.3%). Remission and mortality rates increased with duration of cluster disorder.Prolonged (permanent ?) remission rates were highest among patients who had previously experienced usual remission period durations of one year or longer.Mortality increased with age. Cancer mortality, however, was found to be twice that of coronary artery disease and stroke combined. There was a proportionately higher representation of women and chronic types in the cancer mortality group. Although all patients in this group had smoked cigarettes and drank alcohol, no correlation could be made between extent of these habits and site of cancer.
Platelet Activity in Migraine
Authors: Andrea Giovanni D' , Toldo Moreno , Cortelazzo Sergio , Milone Francesco Ferro 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISMigraine is a disease associated with increased platelet activity.The aim of this paper was to study "in vivo" platelet activation by assessing platelet serotonin (5HT) content and beta‐thromboglobulin (B‐TG) and platelet factor four (PF4) plasma levels, in headache‐free‐periods and during migraine attacks.In headache‐free‐periods, there was no differences in platelet 5HT values between migraine patients and control subjects. On the other hand, there were significant differences in B‐TG and PF4 plasma levels. Furthermore, two groups of migraine patients were observed, one with normal B‐TG plasma levels and the other with high B‐TG plasma levels. PF4 plasma levels behave similarly.During migraine attacks, platelet 5‐HT fell, while B‐TG and PF4 plasma levels rose, if compared to the values recorded immediately before attacks.We suggest that migraine patients, particularly those ones with high basal values of B‐TG and PF4 plasma levels, form a high risk group to cerebrovascular ischaemic diseases. For these patients a prophylaxis with antiplatelet drugs is indicated.
Ancillary Symptoms in the Biofeedback Treatment of Headaches
Authors: Cox Daniel J. , Lefebvre R. Craig , Hobbs William R. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSIS26 consecutive headache patients treated with biofeedback completed the Hopkins Symptom Checklist before and two months following treatment. Contrary to psychoanalytic and systems theories, successfully treated patients demonstrated significant reduction in both somatic and general psychological symptomatology, compared to nonsuccessfully treated patients. Additionally, pretreatment headache diagnosis and measures of depression and anxiety predicted treatment outcome.
Evidence for Sympathetic Deactivation by Temporal Vasoconstriction‐ and Digital Vasodilation‐Biofeedback in Migraine Patients: A Reply to Elmore and Tursky and a New Hypothesis
Authors: Knapp Theodor W. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISThe aim of this contribution is twofold: first, a reply is given to Elmore and Tursky.1 who hypothesized that temporal pulse amplitude biofeedback (TPA) works on the basis of sympathetic activation. Contrary to this point of view, some data are reported supporting the opposite tendency: i.e. sympathetic deactivation. Secondly, based on the first part of this article, a new hypothesis is formulated with the intention of explaining temporal vasoconstriction simultaneously found with digital vasodilation and handtemperature increase during handwarming biofeedback (HTB) resp. during volitional handwarming/relaxation.1,11 This new hypothesis postulates that temporal vasoconstriction occurs during handwarming/relaxation due to the fact that peripheral extracranial scalp and face arterioles dilate. As a result, blood and oxygen supply as well as carbon dioxide release is increased, which leads in turn to a reduction in arteriolar ischemia, hypoxia and acidosis. The improved blood delivery from the temporal arteries to the extracranial arterioles and tissue provokes a relative degree of vasoconstriction of the temporal arteries.
Platelet Lipid Composition in Human Migraine
Authors: Bottomley J.M. , Hanington Edda , Jones R.J. , Chapman D. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISFatty acid profiles were determined in platelets of 21 patients suffering from Classical Migraine and these results were compared with those obtained in a control group of 24 healthy individuals. Cholesterol levels and the cholesterol/phospholipid ratios of 4 of the migraine patients were investigated and compared with values obtained from 4 age‐matched control persons.No significant differences could be detected between the fatty acid profiles of the migraine and control groups, Analysis of the cholesterol content and the cholesterol/phospholipid ratio of the platelets revealed no significant differences between the two groups.Freeze‐fracture electron microscopy of the platelet membranes of the two groups revealed no striking differences in the protein distribution and environment in the migraine condition.We conclude that the membranes of platelets of migraine‐suffering and control individuals have a similar composition, the symptoms of this disorder thus being mediated by other differences between the platelets.
Plasma Opioid Levels in Post‐traumatic Chronic Headache and Trigeminal Neuralgia: Maintained Response to Acupuncture
Authors: Nappi G. , Facchinetti F. , Bono G. , Micieli G. , Parrini D. , Martignoni E. , Petraglia F. , Genazzani A.R. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISSix patients affected by post traumatic chronic headache (PTCH), six affected by typical idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia (TN) and 8 healthy volunteers were submitted to Traditional Chinese Acupuncture (TCA). Heparinized blood samples were obtained in basal conditions, and 1, 5, 20 and 60 minutes after withdrawal of the needles. In all plasma samples, ACTH was measured by RIA after glass powder extraction while both βLPH and βEP RIAs were performed after plasma silicic acid extraction and Sephadex G‐75 column chromatography.In PTCH patients, βLPH and βEP plasma levels (pg/ml: M ± SE) increased at the 5th minute (from 72.6 ± 10.9 to 111.6 ± 23.9 and from 22.2 ± 3.9 to 30.4 ± 3.8; p <0.01, respectively), decreasing to basal values at the end of the observation period.The same response was observed in TN patients (βLPH from 51.0 ± 0.91 to 93.8 ± 1.6; EP from 15.0 ± 1.4 to 30.0 ± 3.9); the basal values in this group were slightly lower than those found in PTCH patients.ACTH plasma concentrations were not modified by TCA in either group, while modifications were observed in normal healthy volunteers.In conclusion, both PTCH and TN patients respond to TCA in terms of plasma βLPH and βEP release, in a manner similar to that of healthy controls; this observation can be used to discriminate these patients from primary headache sufferers in whom impaired basal levels and stimulated plasma endorphin levels have been previously demonstrated.
Post‐lumbar Puncture Headache
Authors: Spielman Fred J. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISHeadache is a frequent complication of dural puncture. Cerebrospinal fluid leakage from the subarachnoid space decreases the cushioning effect the fluid has on the brain, producing traction on nerves and blood vessels. The headache, worse when the patient's head is elevated, and usually located in the frontal and occipital regions, is often associated with neck stiffness and nausea. The symptoms typically occur the day after dural puncture and are normally limited to 5 or 6 days. The post‐lumbar puncture headache's incidence and severity are directly related to needle size. The mainstays of treatment are hydration and bedrest. Analgesics and tranquilizers can be used to relieve anxiety and muscle spasm. Severe symptoms unresponsive to conservative measures have been treated with an epidural blood patch. The success rate of this therapy is over 90 per cent.
Prostaglandin ‐ E 2 Levels in the Saliva of Common Migrainous Women
Authors: Vardi J. , Flechter S. , Alguati A. , Regev I. , Ayalon D. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISProstaglandin E2 (PG‐E2) levels were measured in the saliva of 6 women suffering from common migraine, during an attack, and in the interval between attacks; the results obtained were compared to the levels found in a matched control group of healthy women. There was a significant increase in the levels of PG‐E2 during migraine attack P<0.05. These results may suggest that PG‐E2 takes an important role in the mechanism of migraine.
Flunarizine, a Calcium Channel Blocker: a New Prophylactic Drug in Migraine
Authors: Amery W.K. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISThe postulated pivotal role of focal brain hypoxia in the genesis of the migraine attack and the anti‐hypoxic properties of flunarizine, have led to the use of the selective calcium‐entry blocker in the treatment of migraine. Clinical experience is reviewed. Open findings, confirmed by double‐blind placebo‐controlled studies and comparisons with pizotifen and cinnarizine, have shown that flunarizine, given at 10 mg daily, is a safe and effective prophylactic drug for both common and classical migraine. Factors determining the efficacy of flunarizine are discussed.
A Comparison of MMPI Personality Data and Frontalis Electromyographic Readings in Migraine and Combination Headache Patients
Authors: Weeks Randall , Baskin Steven , Rapoport Alan , Sheftell Fred , Arrowsmith Fran 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISThree headache specialists independently evaluated one hundred and fifty patient headache histories and classified them into separate diagnostic categories. Personality data from selected scales of the MMPI and frontalis electromyographic readings during three stimulus conditions were compared between migraine patients and combination headache patients. Patients were also asked to rate the perceived level of stress elicited by the three conditions (sitting comfortably at rest, performing mental arithmetic, and imagining a severe headache).Results indicated that raters could reliably classify patients into the migraine or combination headache group, as well as differentiate either of those groups from other headache diagnoses. Subjects in the combination group had higher MMPI scores on scale one (hypochondriasis), scale two (depression), scale three (hysteria), and scale seven (psychasthenia). There was no significant difference in frontalis muscle tension between the two groups although both showed a significant amount of muscular reactivity to the stress induction conditions. Subjects were accurate in their perception of this reactivity. Methodological suggestions were made regarding future phychophysiological research with headache patients.
Clinical Effectiveness of Calcium Entry Blockers in Prophylactic Treatment of Migraine and Cluster Headaches
Authors: Meyer John Stirling , Hardenberg Jeffrey 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISSince Wolff's original proposal regarding the vascular etiology of cyclic head pain, evidence has accumulated that the prodromes of migraine are due to cerebral vasoconstriction and headaches of both cluster and migraine are due to painful dilatation. Theories regarding their pathogenesis include cyclic release of vasoactive substances from platelets and/or other sources (such as serotonin, catecholamines, histamine, acetyl choline, prostaglandins, substance P, endogenous opiates). These substances influence vasomotor receptors bringing about abnormal constriction and/or dilatation. Drugs which modify receptors (such as methysergide, alpha and beta blockers, antihistaminics, anticholinergics, steroids and non‐steriodal anti‐inflammatory agents) have had some therapeutic success in migraine but provide little benefit for cluster patients. Ca2+ entry blockers (including nimodipine, nifedipine, verapamil) theoretically should diminish cephalic vasoconstriction and ‐dilatation no matter what their cause. To test this, 35 headache patients with classic (N = 13), common (N = 14) migraine or cluster (N=8) were evaluated by double‐blind, cross‐over, randomized assignment to high or low dose nimodipine therapy. Within 10 days migraine prodromes became infrequent and after 2–4 weeks headache frequency was significantly reduced for migraine and within 4–6 weeks for cluster. CBF measurements during oxygen inhalation showed reduced cerebral vasoconstrictive responses after high dose nimodipine. Associated muscular contraction headaches were not altered. Nifedipine and verapamil provided equivalent relief for cluster but produced more side effects, and were less effective, than nimodipine in control of migraine.