bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrical properties of TiO2 films synthetized by sol-gel process
Authors: Argüelles-Lucho P. , Pérez-Cuapio R. , Montes de Oca-Mora N. J. , Osorio-de-la-Rosa Edith , Woo-Garcia R. M. , López F. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Titanium oxide (TiO2) is one of the most used metal oxides for its multiple applications due to its high sensitivity, fast response, low cost, no toxicity and used in hostile environments. In this work was deposited TiO2 film on 304 stainless steel substrates using the spin coating technique. The synthesis of the deposited solution was with the sol-gel method a temperature environment, obtained TiO2 films on different thermal treatments. The results of the experiment show film: with a thickness from 0.6 to 1μm, anatase phase at the plane (101). The Raman spectroscopy confirms the TiO2 anatase phase. The resistivity decreases, and conductivity increases with increasing temperature. The micrograph SEM observes a compact and smooth homogeneous surface with an average size of 18.40nm to 7nm.
Research on primary frequency regulation hybrid control strategy of battery energy storage system in new type power system
Authors: Wei Ning , Yan Xin , Han Xinglei , Ma Xiaolu , Cui Jian , Sun Weitao 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The integration of a significant amount of renewable energy into the power system brings uncertainties in terms of source-side output and the balance between source and load supply and demand. This increase in uncertainty, following system disturbances, poses challenges for frequency regulation and stable operation. This paper presents a primary frequency control strategy with energy storage assistance. It employs a combination of droop control and virtual inertia control to effectively modulate the frequency. The strategy utilizes energy storage system monitoring of the power grid’s operating state. In cases of significant disturbances, it employs a combination of droop control and virtual inertia control to mitigate frequency decline and assist in the recovery of system frequency. For minor disturbances, it directly utilizes droop control to maintain system frequency stability. Simulation experiments were conducted on the enhanced IEEE 9-bus system model using Matlab/Simulink. The results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm maintains system frequency stability under different circumstances.
Wind power generation prediction based on the SSA-CNN-BiLSTM neural network model
Authors: Shu Xinyi , Tong Guangbo , Zhang Minglian , Ke Qiang , Xiao Tianxiong , Li Minglong , Wang Yining 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This research utilized a series of historical wind speed observations and corresponding wind power generation data as training data. Based on the SSA-CNN-BiLSTM neural network model, the paper first preprocessed the historical data to extract relevant features related to wind power generation. Subsequently, a deep learning model based on the integration of Sparrow Search Algorithm, Convolutional Neural Network, and Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory Network was constructed. This model leveraged the global search optimization capability of SSA and the advantages of CNN-BiLSTM in sequence and image processing. Through experimentation, predictive results were obtained and compared with real data to validate the rationality and accuracy of the algorithm. The experimental outcomes demonstrated a significant improvement in wind power generation prediction using the SSA-CNN-BiLSTM model. This confirmed the superiority of the model in addressing wind power generation prediction tasks and provided valuable references and applications for enhancing the reliability and efficiency of the wind power industry.
Optimization model for wind power-photovoltaics-energy storage joint system operation in rural area under the coupling of electricity market, carbon market, and green certificate market
Authors: Zhao Haibo , Zhang Zhi , Wang Yao , Liu Rui 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
China encourages the development of user-side distributed new energy, and the rural user-side distributed “new energy + energy storage” system is an important measure to promote the “carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals” and rural modernization construction. Based on the principle of “Maximum self-use” and “Surplus power is fed to the grid”, distributed new energy can participate in the electricity market, carbon market, and green certificate market to gain profits. This article takes the rural distributed wind power-photovoltaics-energy storage (WP-PV-ES) joint system as the research objective and proposes a two-layer optimization model for its participation in the electricity, carbon, and green certificate market. It solves the decision-making of energy storage unit charging and discharging during the scheduling cycle when the system participates in the electricity market and the distribution of grid electricity used by the system to verify green certificates and CCER. The energy loss caused by the charging and discharging of energy storage units is reflected in the total grid electricity calculation of new energy. The calculation results show that the revenue from participating in CCER transactions for wind power and photovoltaic units is lower than that in green certificate market units. New energy power stations can obtain the maximum revenue by using all the online electricity for green certificate verification.
Research on frequency regulation strategy of battery energy storage system supporting power system
Authors: Yan Anrong , Mao Xinyu 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Due to the large-scale grid connection of new energy, the inertia of the power system has decreased, seriously affecting the frequency stability of the power grid, and there is an urgent need for effective frequency support technology. In response to the above issues, this article proposes a frequency control strategy for battery energy storage systems to support power systems. Firstly, establish a battery equivalent circuit model to simulate the dynamic and static performance as well as external characteristics of the battery; Secondly, two frequency modulation strategies, droop control and accelerated droop control, are used to control the active power emitted by the battery energy storage system. Finally, a four-machine two-zone system with a 25% proportion of wind power was built using MATLAB for simulation analysis in two scenarios: sudden reduction of wind power and rapid fluctuation of wind power. The results showed that the frequency modulation strategy proposed in this paper can effectively improve the lowest and stable point frequencies of the system, and can slow down the rate of frequency decline, thereby improving the frequency stability of the power grid.
Design and testing of the fuel cell twin-screw air compressor
Authors: Geng Maofei , Jiang Huijun , Jin Liqiong , Cui Dong , Wang Le 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The oil-free dry air compressor plays a crucial role in the fuel cell system, particularly in commercial buses where twin-screw air compressors have proven effective. A novel rotor profile of the twin-screw dry air compressors has been developed, which simplifies the profile curve and yields excellent performance results with a volume flow of 11.99 m³/min and corrected specific power of 3.54 kW/(m³/min).
Research on multi-objective planning method for comprehensive energy system based on optimal weight analysis
Authors: Zhang Kun , Wang Zhengang , Gao Shutong , Li Yang , Xu Deguang , Wang Liuju , Xu Jing , Zhang Wenduo 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
A method for determining the optimal target weight by using a fuzzy membership function is proposed to address the subjectivity of target weight selection. This method first establishes the planning objectives and constraints of the comprehensive energy system and linearizes the nonlinear model based on the Big-M method. Then, multiple objectives are given weights and transformed into a single objective to obtain a target solution set composed of different weights. Based on this, a fuzzy membership function is proposed to determine the optimal weight of the objective and determine the maximum comprehensive satisfaction solution. The example results verify the feasibility of this method.
Dynamic state estimation of distribution networks with mixed measurements based on Cubature Kalman Filter
Authors: Zhang Jiarui , Xu Qingshan , Li Zeyu , Liu Tao , Wang Hucheng , Wang Yiwei 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The integration of synchronized phasor measurement units (μPMU) has introduced diverse data sources into the distribution network. Each has distinct time scales and precision levels. To enable effective decision-making, it is crucial to amalgamate these measurements efficiently, ensuring both speed and accuracy in distribution network state estimation. This study explores a dynamic state estimation approach for distribution networks, employing Cubature Kalman Filtering (CKF) as the central methodology. By deeply fusing μPMU, AMI and SCADA data and incorporating CKF techniques, it improves accuracy and stability, which is validated on the IEEE 37-node system. This research supports advanced distribution network apps and large-scale data analysis.
Analysis of interlocking faults and reliability evaluation methods for communication networks of power information physical systems
Authors: Zhou Yutian , Yuan Xiao , Wang Zhihua , Yu Lijing , Ren Yin , Lin Hanchu 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The information physics system realizes the integration and interaction between them by the 3C technique. The application of scheduling automation, Substation Automation and Online Fault Recovery Technology Improves Emergency Response Capability, and Information Security issues are also embedded in the energy system. Power grid operation is facing more threats, and state space and failure scenarios are also more abundant, which poses new research needs and challenges for power system stability assessment. First, the physical interaction of information is analyzed. From the perspective of function, the CPPS hierarchy corresponds to the physical Electric power system, the information sub-station system and the main station system respectively. Then, taking the information node as the fault detection sample point, the chain fault model of the power information physical system is studied, and the abnormal response of the power information system is classified and identified, Finally, a failure response model and a failure recovery model are built. Finally, a simulation example is given for verification.
Analysis of high frequency oscillations based on MMC-HVDC system
Authors: Zhu Rui 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Modular multilevel converter is widely used in new energy grid-connection and power grid asynchronous interconnection by virtue of its advantages of flexible and easy to expand structure and no commutation failure problem. In recent years, high-frequency oscillations have been observed in several flexible DC transmission projects at home and abroad, while the internal harmonic dynamic characteristics and control system of the MMC system are complex and the mechanism of high-frequency oscillations has not been sufficiently analysed at present. In this paper, the detailed DQ impedance model and the equivalent circuit impedance model on the AC side are firstly derived based on the state-space model of the MMC system, and the impedance sweeping method with superimposed small perturbations is proposed. Meanwhile, the dynamic characteristics of the detailed DQ impedance model are compared with those of the electromagnetic transient model. The amplitude-frequency characteristics of the system impedance under different system delays are further compared, and the mechanism of the high-frequency oscillation of the MMC-HVDC system is revealed.
Implementation of multi-sensors for the measurement of pneumatically conveyed particles
Authors: Guo Weining , Qian Xiangchen 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Due to the complex flow state of pneumatically conveyed particles and the influence of the conveying conditions, existing measurement techniques have limitations in detecting the dynamic parameters of full-sections particles in large-scale pipelines. In order to further study and realize the measurement of local parameters of particles in pneumatic conveying pipelines, as well as to provide basic data for full-sections measurement, optimize material distribution and reduce energy consumption. Combined with electrostatic induction and piezoelectric effect, an invasive multi-sensors fusion measurement device was designed to measure local parameters such as particle velocity and mass flow rate in different areas of circular pipelines.
Research on three-level PWM Rectifier without grid voltage sensor
Authors: Gao Yujiang , Yan Guanglong , Peng Xianzhou , Sun Yong 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Traditional three-level PWM rectification technology usually uses voltage sensors to sample the grid voltage, and then obtains the angle information of the voltage vector through a phase-locked loop, thereby achieving the d/q axis control function of voltage and current. However, the use of voltage sensors not only increases system costs, but also increases system volume and debugging difficulty. In addition, when the voltage sensor is damaged, it can cause system shutdown and affect system reliability. After analyzing the three-level control method of PWM rectifiers, a sensorless control strategy for grid voltage based on sliding mode observer method is proposed. By using the sliding mode observer method to estimate the amplitude and phase of the power grid voltage at the voltage and current values of each PWM cycle, a phase-locked loop is used to determine the position of its voltage vector. The simulation results all demonstrate that the proposed method can accurately and effectively estimate the voltage vector angle of the power grid, and ensure that the output of the rectification system meets the standard voltage waveform.
Data Restoration of dissolved gas content in transformer oil based on the CS-SVR model
Authors: Wang Nana , Li Jianqiu , Li Wenyi , Wu Xiaohong , Jiang Xiaolin 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Accurate monitoring of the dissolved gas content in transformer oil is crucial for transformers’ safe and stable operation. The early identification for detecting potential power transformer failures is necessary for the stability of an electrical grid. Dissolved gas analysis is an essential technology in transformers diagnosing insulation faults. Missing dissolved gas data can directly impact the reliability of monitoring results of a transformer. This study presents a data plug-in model based on support vector regression (SVR) to restore missing dissolved gas data. To further improve the accuracy of data restoration, the cuckoo search algorithm (CS) is used for optimizing SVR parameters. By verifying H2 and C2H4, the CS-SVR model demonstrates superiority over other plug-in procedures in repairing dissolved gas data.
Research on modular multi-level converter control based on passivity theory
Authors: Chen Yijing , Su Zhonghuan , Xie Weihua , Yao Hui , Li Chunhua 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
All In view of the poor dynamic performance of the conventional PI control method in modular multilevel converter (MMC) systems, an up-to-date control strategy using passive theory is proposed. First, the topology of the system and its mathematical model are presented, then its Euler-Lagrange (EL) model is developed and its passivity is proved. Next, the dq-axis component of the current is chosen as the state variable to derive the passivity-based control (PBC) law and from this, the current passivity controller is designed. Simulation shows that compared with conventional PI control, the PBC in this paper can respond quickly to the change of current or power under different operating conditions, with good harmonic characteristics and better dynamic characteristics.
Short-circuit current-limiting scheme with fast switch fault current limiter on 750kv autotransformer
Authors: Ding Yujie , Wang Xuebin , Fu Guobin , Zhao Shichang , Gu Shiting , Si Junjie , Wang Da , Chen Xiaoyue , Ai Shaogui 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This paper proposes different short-circuit current limiting schemes using FSFCL on autotransformers, derives the equivalent models of installing the fast switch fault current limiter at different positions of autotransformers, and simulates the current limiting effect of each scheme using PSASP. The simulation results show that the fast switch fault current limiter on the side near the neutral point of the common winding of the autotransformer is the optimal scheme for comprehensive parameters.
Fault analysis and evaluation of power transformers based on family defects
Authors: Yao Chuang , Liu Liqing , Wei Jufang , Feng Junji , Duan Minghui , Zhang He 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Family defects in transformers are equipment defects caused by common factors such as design, material, and manufacturing process. This article conducts data discretization and other processing on the collected data, and improves the original Apriori algorithm to establish a family defect model. By analyzing the correlation between various indicators of family defects and fault feature quantities through the block array Apriori algorithm, it is found that each defect indicator reflects the state of the power transformer. Evaluate association rules for high confidence problems, and then use family defect scoring criteria to evaluate family defects, and judge the impact of power transformer status based on the scores.
Optimization scheduling method for multiple flexibility resources considering electric vehicle cluster
Authors: Zhang Xuan , Zhao Qianyu , Wang Shouxiang 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
To unleash the scheduling potential of flexible resources, an enhanced flexibility approach is proposed, which takes into account various flexible resources including electric vehicle (EV) clusters. Initially, the dispatch potential of individual EV users is predicted based on historical data regarding travel habits and charging station parameters. Subsequently, the power and energy-feasible regions are constructed to quantify the flexibility of the EV clusters. To enhance the overall system’s operational efficiency and flexibility, various constraints related to flexibility resources are taken into consideration, including the source-grid-load-storage aspects. As a result, a multidimensional flexibility resource supply-demand model is established and the analysis target cascading method is applied to solve this sophisticated model. Finally, the modified system is used to test and analyze the proposed model and method. The results demonstrate the proposed model and method can enhance the operational flexibility of high-proportion new energy distribution networks.
New generation B-Field and RAD-tolerant DC/DC power converter for on-detector operation
Authors: Lanza A. , Romano E. , Selmi S. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The increase in the number of readout channels in new detectors, like the Micro Pattern Gas Detectors (MPGD), in the order of several millions, requires a large amount of electrical power to supply the front-end electronics, up to hundreds kW. If this power is generated at long distances from the detector, the voltage drop on the connection cables puts serious constraints to the supply current, to the wire cross-section and to the power distribution. A large amount of voltage drop on the cables, apart an increased power dissipation on wire resistance, determines regulation issues on the load in case of current transients. To mitigate these problems, a new generation DC/DC converter, working in a heavily hostile environment and with a power density greater than 200 W/dm3, was developed. It is modular, with up to four independent modules, eight channels each, collected in a water-cooled crate, and can supply the load with an adjustable 10 to 12 V output up to 170 W per channel. In this contribution, the design constraints of such a converter are analysed, taking as a basis the environmental, electrical and mechanical requirements of the ATLAS New Small Wheel (NSW) project. Thermal considerations require the converter to be water-cooled, and the dimensional constraints impose the adoption of an innovative design to convey the dissipated heat towards the heat exchanger. The control and monitoring system allows for the full remote management of the converter. Main electrical parameters were measured and are reported. The converter was also characterized in a harsh working environment, with radiation tests in the CERN CHARM facility beyond the limits estimated for ten years operation in ATLAS, and with magnetic field tests in various orientations, using different magnets at CERN up to 1.3 T. A better common mode noise filtering design improvement was implemented after the first characterization. Final performance measurements after the modifications are also reported.
Digital duty-cycle correction circuit for clock paths in radiation-tolerant high-speed wireline transmitters
Authors: Klekotko A. , Baszczyk M. , Biereigel S. , Kulis S. , Martina F. , Moreira P. , Tavernier F. , Prinzie J. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Ongoing developments in the field of radiation-tolerant
high-speed transmitters (HSTs)
aim at increasing the
data rates above 25 Gb/s while increasing
total ionizing dose (TID)
tolerance above 1 Grad. The use of half-rate
architectures imposes tight constraints on clock signal quality, in particular its
duty-cycle. Radiation degradation of transistors in the clock path causes
duty cycle distortion (DCD), affecting the
output signal quality of the HST. In this paper, a digitally controlled duty-cycle
correction circuit suitable for HST is presented. It compensates for
process voltage temperature (PVT)
variations as well
as radiation-induced duty-cycle distortion of the clock.