bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcomes and poor prognostic factors in endovascular thrombectomy for octo‐ and nonagenarians with large vessel occlusion: A real‐world experience
Authors: Yu Stephanie Wing Yin , Zhuang James Tin‐Fong , Chu Yin Lun Edward , Teo Kay‐Cheong , Lau Kui Kai , Tsang Anderson Chun‐On , Lui Wai‐Man 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEndovascular thrombectomy (EVT) is the preferred treatment for eligible patients with acute large vessel occlusions (LVOs). However, its role in very elderly patients remains uncertain. This study retrospectively analysed EVT outcomes, including successful reperfusion, change in National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score at 24 h after EVT, inpatient haemorrhagic transformation and favourable functional outcomes and mortality at 90 days after EVT in patients aged over 80 years. The primary outcome of the study was risk factors significantly associated with poorer functional outcomes at 90 days after EVT. The secondary outcomes were risk factors associated with higher NIHSS scores at 24 h after EVT and higher mortality rates at 90 days after EVT. Among the 73 octo‐ and nonagenarians, successful reperfusion was achieved in 86.3%, and up to 35.6% maintained functional independence at 90 days. Poorer outcomes were associated with internal carotid artery occlusion; risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus and atrial fibrillation; higher admission NIHSS score; longer time between symptom onset and successful reperfusion and unsuccessful reperfusion. EVT is both safe and effective in our elderly population, with over one‐third of very elderly patients achieving satisfactory functional outcomes after EVT. Therefore, age alone should not be the sole criterion for excluding very elderly LVO patients from EVT. Instead, each patient should undergo individual assessment based on their premorbid condition, clinical presentation and LVO characteristics before making a treatment decision.
Hydra: Lessons from the world's largest darknet market
Authors: Goonetilleke Priyanka , Knorre Alex , Kuriksha Artem 
Published: October 2023

AbstractResearch SummaryWe present a comprehensive description of Hydra, the largest darknet marketplace in the world until its shutdown in April 2022. We document the main features of Hydra such as dead‐drop delivery, feedback and reputation system, escrow, and dispute resolution. Using data scraped from the platform, we quantitatively examine the scale and the structure of the marketplace. We find that it has been highly competitive, geographically covering at least 69% of the Russian population and trading a wide variety of drugs, while also allowing the wholesale trade of drugs and precursors. The dead‐drop delivery system used on Hydra was expensive, as the courier costs comprised a substantial proportion of the sale price of drugs on Hydra. We contribute to the research on drug cryptomarkets by studying an unprecedentedly large non‐Western marketplace that existed substantially longer than any other known darknet market.Policy ImplicationsThe phenomenon of Hydra shows that shut‐down policies applied to darknet marketplaces have a large effect and implicitly shape the whole drug market. Without these policies, a pervasive digitalization of the drug trade can occur. The major cost of allowing marketplaces to grow is the probable increase in the consumption of illegal drugs due to convenience for consumers and facilitated cooperation between suppliers. This cost must be weighed against the potential benefits, including a higher quality of drugs, a decrease in potential violence, and the incentives for a large marketplace to self‐regulate. The case of Hydra also suggests the relevance of financial regulation to limit the growth of darknet marketplaces.
Ambulance and helicopter response time. Association with patient outcome and illness severity: Protocol of a systematic literature review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Hansen Peter Martin , Nielsen Martine Siw , Rehn Marius , Lassen Annmarie Touborg , Mikkelsen Søren , Perner Anders , Brøchner Anne Craveiro 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundResponse time for emergency medical service units is a key performance indicator. Studies have shown reduced response time association with improved outcome for specific critical conditions. To achieve short response time, emergency vehicles utilize lights and sirens, and crews are allowed to be non‐compliant with traffic rules, posing a risk for accident.The purpose of the systematic review and meta‐analysis is to provide an overview of the current body of evidence regarding the association, if any, between ambulance and helicopter response time and major complications and mortality in patients conveyed by ambulance and/or helicopter. Our secondary aim will be to enhance knowledge in the field of criteria‐based dispatch to provide decision makers with evidence to optimize dispatch of limited resources.Research Questions
What is the association between overall emergency medical services unit response time and patient outcomes, major complications, and time‐critical conditions?
What is the internal and external validity of the included literature?
MethodsWe plan the systematic review and meta‐analysis to be in accordance with the Cochrane Handbook and Joanna Briggs Institute Manual for Systematic Reviews. The methodology will include formulating the review questions using a Population, Exposure, and Outcome framework. Every study design is eligible, including qualitative, quantitative, and mixed‐methods designs. We will include all articles in English, Scandinavian, German, French and Portuguese in this systematic review.ResultsWe will publish results from the systematic review and meta‐analysis in a peer‐reviewed journal and we will present the results at scientific conferences and meetings. Results will also be available at www.ahrtemis.dk.ConclusionWe will base our conclusions on the findings of the review and meta‐analysis.
Opportunistic prostate‐specific antigen testing in Norwegian men: a public health challenge
Authors: Albertsen Peter C. , Bjerner Lars Johan , Pasovic Lara , Müller Stig , Fosså Sophie , Carlsson Sigrid V. , Oldenburg Jan 
Published: October 2023

ObjectiveTo describe age‐specific prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) distributions and resulting prostate cancer diagnoses that arise from population‐wide opportunistic PSA testing.Patients and MethodsOver 8 million PSA tests were performed on >1.4 million Norwegian men from 2000 to 2020. During this period 43 486 men were diagnosed with localised prostate cancer. Most of the PSA testing reflected opportunistic testing. Age‐specific PSA value distributions were constructed for men aged 45–75 years with and without prostate cancer.ResultsThe distributions of PSA values in men with and without prostate cancer widened with age and overlapped extensively from 3 to 7 ng/mL. Localised prostate cancer diagnoses increased 10‐fold from the age of 45 to 75 years. PSA testing identified intermediate‐ or high‐grade cancers in 21% (95% confidence interval [CI] 19–23%) of men aged 50–54 years and 42% (95% CI 41–43%) of men aged 70–74 years. Grade group (GG)1, GG2, GG3 and ≥GG4 constituted 49%, 31%, 10% and 10% of cancers identified at age 50–54 years and 26%, 26%, 18%, and 30% of cancers identified at age 70–74 years.ConclusionOpportunistic PSA testing increases with ageing and often generates values that cannot discriminate benign prostate enlargement from prostate cancer. A clinical cascade using additional imaging or serum tests is necessary to avoid negative biopsies and the overdiagnosis of indolent disease. The declining specificity of PSA testing with ageing poses a significant public health challenge especially among older men aged ≥70 years.
Unintended consequences: Alcohol screening at urban Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Services was suppressed during COVID‐19 lockdowns
Authors: Conigrave James H. , Devine Emma K. , Lee K. S. Kylie , Dobbins Timothy , Vnuk Julia , Hayman Noel , Conigrave Katherine 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIntroductionRegular screening for risky drinking is important to improve the health of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians. We explored whether the rate of screening for risky drinking using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test—Consumption (AUDIT‐C) questions was disrupted at Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Services (ACCHS) during state‐wide and territory‐wide COVID‐19 lockdowns in 2020.MethodsRetrospective analysis of screening data from 22 ACCHSs located in New South Wales, the Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Victoria and Western Australia. These services provide holistic and culturally appropriate primary care. A multi‐level Poisson regression, including AR(1) autocorrelation, was used to predict counts of AUDIT‐C screening at ACCHSs.ResultsAUDIT‐C screening was suppressed during state‐wide and territory‐wide lockdowns in 2020 (incident rate ratio [IRR] 0.42 [0.29, 0.61]). The effect of lockdowns differed by service remoteness. While there was a substantial reduction in AUDIT‐C screening for urban and inner regional services (IRR 0.25 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.15, 0.42]), there was not a statistically significant change in screening at outer regional and remote (IRR 0.60 [95% CI 0.33, 1.09]) or very remote services (IRR 0.67 [95% CI 0.40, 1.11]).Discussion and ConclusionsThe COVID‐19 lockdowns in Australia likely suppressed rates of screening for risky drinking in urban and inner regional regions. As harm from alcohol consumption may have increased during lockdowns, policymakers should consider implementing measures to enable screening for risky drinking to continue during future lockdowns.
Introducing a novel educational training programme in dental implantology for pregraduate dental students
Authors: Fischer Theresa , Fehlhofer Jakob , Kesting Marco Rainer , Matta Ragai Edward , Buchbender Mayte 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIntroductionThis study aimed to determine whether implant surgery procedures can be implemented in the dental curriculum by designing novel courses for students. Additionally, this study assesses the perception of these courses and how they can be established in the future.Materials and MethodsStudents from the third to fifth years participated in a programme consisting of 4 modules according to their academic year. The modules taught theoretical and practical content as well as clinical references. After participating, the students completed two questionnaires with research questions (RQ1 = evaluation of the relevance and effects; RQ2 = impact of modules 3 and 4) to evaluate the programme. The questionnaires consisted of 52 statements, each rated on a 6‐point scale (1 ‘totally disagree’ to 6 ‘totally agree’). Cronbach's alpha analysis was used, and median values, interquartile ranges and Pearson correlations (p‐value) were statistically calculated.ResultsIn total, 94 students completed the questionnaires. Cronbach's alpha exceeded 0.7 for all constructs except for one (skills training). The highest evaluated median was 6, and the lowest was 4.75. Pearson correlations were significant (<0.05) for perceived importance/lectures, perceived importance/tutor performance, lectures/skills training, skills training/tutor performance and tutor performance/lectures. Seventeen analysed free comments expressed strong interest in implantology courses for the curriculum. 88% of the students wished for more practical exercises in dental implantology during the curriculum or suggested expanding the programme in the future.ConclusionThe programme was highly accepted among dental students. The students wished for more practice in the future to perform supervised procedures on patients.
A cascaded deep learning framework for iris centre localization in facial image
Authors: Ahmad Naseem , Muhammad Ghulam , Yadav Kuldeep Singh , Laskar Rabul Hussain , Hossain Ashraf , Ali Zulfiqar 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAccurate iris centre localization is crucial in many computer vision and facial biometric applications such as gaze estimation, human–computer interaction, iris recognition, and liveness detection. However, it is challenging in an uncontrolled environment due to variations like pose, scale, rotation, specular reflection, and image quality. Therefore, a cascaded deep learning framework for iris centre localization in facial images is proposed that is robust to the abovementioned variations. The proposed approach consists of (i) YOLOv3 for eye detection, (ii) UNet for iris segmentation, and (iii) statistical modelling for iris centre localization. The eyes are first detected using the YOLOv3, and subsequently, iris segmentation is performed within the detected eyes using the UNet. Following iris segmentation, statistical modelling is employed to enhance the localization accuracy of the iris centre. Experiments were performed on benchmark databases, resulting in a standardized error measure SED of 3.405 pixels for BioID and 3.259 pixels for GI4E databases. In addition, the robustness of the proposed eye detection model was further evaluated on the Yale B for illumination variations and the CAS‐PEAL for pose variations.
Diversity in patient and public involvement in healthcare research and education—Realising the potential
Authors: Hatch Sarah , Fitzgibbon Jim , Tonks Amanda Jayne , Forty Liz 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundPatient and public involvement (PPI) is an increasing priority in health‐related research and education. Attracting and supporting people from different demographic groups to give up their time and get involved is important to help ensure that all parts of society are empowered, represented and their voices heard in decisions that may affect their health and quality of life.Objectives(1) To determine if a demographically diverse cross‐section of society would be interested in contributing to healthcare research and education. (2) To understand factors that can act as barriers and enablers to effective and diverse PPI.MethodPPI survey data was collected via engagement events, with the aim of scoping interest in PPI from a diverse public. A Focus Group study involving members of the public, academic and professional service staff, was then conducted to gain a deeper understanding around the barriers and enablers of diversity within PPI.Results71% of a diverse rich public indicated they would like to get involved in healthcare research and teaching. 76% of survey respondents indicated that they would be happy to share a personal or family experience of healthcare. The two biggest factors impacting on our cohort getting involved are’ availability of time’ and ‘being aware of PPI opportunities’. These factors may disproportionally affect specific groups. Shared and individual PPI enablers and barriers were identified across all stakeholder groups within the Focus Group Study, as well as generic and novel factors that would impact on an institutions’ ability to improve PPI diversity.ConclusionThese data points confirm a demographically diverse public's appetite to get involved in academic health research and teaching. This needs to be recognised and harnessed to ensure public contributor networks are representative of society. Equality Impact Assessments should be undertaken in relation to all PPI opportunities. There is a need to recognise the investment of time and resources required to build mutually beneficial relationships with diverse communities as well as the development of inclusive ‘fit for purpose’ PPI infrastructures to support the uptake of diverse PPI contributors.Public ContributionThis study involved members of the public responding to a short survey. Public contributors made up one of the three focus groups. The School of Medicine lead public contributor was also involved in the preparation of this manuscript.
The effects of land use change on ant communities in New England
Authors: Curry Amelia K. L. , Nelsen Joseph A. , Stevens Dale R. , Mathis Kaitlyn A. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Urbanisation and agricultural expansion are two of the most prevalent and intense forms of land use change worldwide and can have dramatic consequences on biodiversity and biotic community structure.
Ants are extremely widespread, ecologically diverse and small ectotherms that are sensitive to changes from a wide range of environmental factors. Therefore, ants make an ideal study organism to examine the effects of anthropogenic land use change on biotic communities.
In this study, we examined differences in ant species richness and community composition between urban parks, farms and forest fragments, and related these differences to environmental factors that vary among each of these three habitat types.
We sampled 46 sites across Worcester County and found farms have significantly lower ant species richness than parks, and all habitat types had different ant community compositions. We also identified higher plant species richness is associated with higher ant species richness, and both plant species richness and air temperature are associated with differences in community composition.
Our findings support that habitats affected by human land use will host different assemblages of ant species compared to those found in nearby natural habitats, as seen in our New England forest fragments.
Genomic alterations in blast phase of BCR::ABL1‐negative myeloproliferative neoplasms
Authors: Chen Dong , Weinberg Olga K. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe blast phase of BCR::ABL1‐negative myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN‐BP) represents the final stage of the disease, which is complicated by complex genomic alterations. These alterations result from sequence changes in genetic material (DNA, RNA) and can lead to either a gain or loss of function of encoded proteins, such as adaptor proteins, enzymes, components of spliceosomes, cell cycle checkpoints regulators, transcription factors, or proteins in cell signaling pathways. Interference at various levels, including transcription, translation, and post‐translational modification (such as methylation, dephosphorylation, or acetylation), can contribute to these alterations. Mutated genes such as ASXL1, EZH2, IDH1, IDH2, TET2, SRSF2, U2AF1, TP53, NRAS, KRAS, PTPN11, SH2B3/LNK, and RUNX1 play active roles at different stages of genetic material expression, modification, and protein function manipulation in MPNs. These mutations are also correlated with, and can contribute to, the progression of MPN‐BP. In this review, we summarize their common mutational profiles, functions, and associations with progression of MPN‐BP.
Newborns' perception of approach and withdrawal from biological movement: A closeness story
Authors: Roberti Elisa , Addabbo Margaret , Colombo Lorenzo , Porro Matteo , Turati Chiara 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSince birth, infants discriminate the biological motion (BM) revealed by point‐light displays (PLDs). To date, no studies have explored whether newborns differentiate BM that approaches rather than withdraws from them. Yet, approach and withdrawal are two fundamental motivations in the socio‐emotional world, key to developing empathy and prosocial behavior. Through a looking‐behavior paradigm, we demonstrated that a few hours after birth, a human figure approaching attracted more visual attention than a human figure receding, showing that newborns are attuned to PLDs of others moving toward rather than walking away from them. Further, a withdrawing body appears to be less attractive than withdrawing scrambled points. Altogether, these observations support the existence of an early predisposition toward social closeness that might have its roots in an evolutionary perspective.
What influenced frontline nurses’ mental health during the early phase of the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Choi Yun‐Jung , Um Youn‐Joo , Cho Dong‐Hee 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimThis cross‐sectional study aimed to investigate the factors that affected the mental health of Korean nurses caring for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) patients, causing posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety, and sleep disorders.BackgroundInfectious disease outbreaks like COVID‐19 affect the mental health not only of those who contract the disease but also of nurses caring for affected patients.IntroductionTo address health issues effectively, it is essential to comprehend how to prevent them. Therefore, it is necessary to scrutinize the origins of COVID‐19–related health concerns and devise measures to prevent potential problems.MethodWe used an online survey to collect data from 136 nurses caring for COVID‐19 patients during the initial stage of the pandemic. The data were analyzed using the one‐way analysis of variance and a simple logistic regression.ResultsThe findings confirmed a high prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder among nurses, with symptoms of depression, anxiety, and sleep problems.DiscussionOur research has shown that it is important not to exacerbate the difficulties that nurses face after their activities. Therefore, it proposes for creating environmental structures that mitigate predictable challenges such as workload from various tasks, sleep disturbances, and hopelessness, rather than focusing on personal vulnerabilities.ConclusionTimely attention to influencing factors can reduce the risk to nurses' mental health, so we need to plan preventive measures that reflect the influencing factors to prepare for future pandemics.Implications for nursing and health policyContinuous monitoring of the mental health status of nurses responding to a global health crisis and the development of appropriate psychological support programs and policies for creating a conducive work environment are necessary.
5 Suicide Notes of the Older Adult
Authors: Leenaars Antoon A. 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTAlthough not true in all countries, older adults are the developmental age group at highest risk for death by suicide in the United States. Our knowledge of suicide in the elderly is, however, limited. The psychological characteristics for suicide cannot be attributed primarily or even solely to being old. One avenue to understanding this complicated act in the elderly is suicide notes. Despite their limitations, suicide notes contain special revelations of the human mind and there is much one can learn from them about suicide in the older adult. This paper outlines the sparse literature on the topic of suicide notes of the older adult and then presents the author's own life‐span research related to the elderly. The research indicated that long‐term instability was critical in understanding suicide in the older adult. However, indirect expressions (e.g., ambivalence, unconscious implications) were much less frequently observed in the notes of the elderly than other adults. The research also found that older males often wrote about painful problems in their interpersonal relations in their final letters and this pain was significant in making their final decision. Future research, specifically regarding a protocol analysis based on a review of the research on suicide in the elderly, will be discussed.