bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of Brittle‐Viscous Accretionary Wedges as Revealed by Geophysical and Drilling Data and Analog Modeling of the Barbados Prism
Authors: Deville Eric 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMega‐accretionary prisms do not exhibit the characteristics of the classical Coulomb wedge theory. In the example of the Barbados accretionary prism, a system of elongated extensional trenches (“basin‐&‐range” type) developed in the thickest zone of the tectonic wedge and this system has been active since at least Miocene times. Synchronously with this extension, compression occurred at the front of the accretionary prism (frontal accretion zone), and compression was also active at the inner edge of the prism (characterized by back‐thrusting). The interpretation proposed in this study invokes a spreading of the superficial part of the accretionary prism due to a viscous response associated to a tectonic thickening of the deepest parts of the prism. This interpretation is consistent with the fact that extension is limited to the axial part of the prism and coincides with the zone where the prism is the thickest. The deep zone of viscous behavior is interpreted as shale‐rich sedimentary domains intensively deformed by penetrative deformation. Analog sand‐silicone models monitored by X‐ray CT scanner have been used to simulate the distribution of the deformation in the Barbados accretionary prism as observed on available seismic reflection data. A bilayer model with an upper brittle zone and a lower ductile part is best suited to account for observed deformation. Compressive structures at the front and at the rear of the prism correlate with the zones of high concentration of maximum shear strain.
Kindlin-2 in myoepithelium controls luminal progenitor commitment to alveoli in mouse mammary gland
Authors: Wang Zhenbin , Zhang Lei , Li Bing , Song Jiagui , Yu Miao , Zhang Jing , Chen Ceshi , Zhan Jun , Zhang Hongquan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMyoepithelium plays an important role in mammary gland development, but less is known about the molecular mechanism underlying how myoepithelium controls acinus differentiation during gestation. Herein, we found that loss of Kindlin-2 in myoepithelial cells impaired mammary morphogenesis, alveologenesis, and lactation. Using five genetically modified mouse lines combined with single-cell RNA sequencing, we found a Kindlin-2–Stat3–Dll1 signaling cascade in myoepithelial cells that inactivates Notch signaling in luminal cells and consequently drives luminal progenitor commitment to alveolar cells identity. Single-cell profiling revealed that Kindlin-2 loss significantly reduces the proportion of matured alveolar cells. Mechanistically, Kindlin-2 depletion in myoepithelial cells promotes Stat3 activation and upregulates Dll1, which activates the Notch pathway in luminal cells and inhibits luminal progenitor differentiation and maturation during gestation. Inhibition of Notch1 with tangeretin allowed luminal progenitors to regain commitment ability in the pregnant mice with Kindlin-2 depletion in myoepithelium. Taken together, we demonstrated that Kindlin-2 is essential to myoepithelium-controlled luminal progenitors to alveoli transition during gestation.
Identification of ATF3 as a novel protective signature of quiescent colorectal tumor cells
Authors: Lu Xi , Zhong Lei , Lindell Emma , Veanes Margus , Guo Jing , Zhao Miao , Salehi Maede , Swartling Fredrik J. , Chen Xingqi , Sjöblom Tobias , Zhang Xiaonan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and the second leading cause of death in the world. In most cases, drug resistance and tumor recurrence are ultimately inevitable. One obstacle is the presence of chemotherapy-insensitive quiescent cancer cells (QCCs). Identification of unique features of QCCs may facilitate the development of new targeted therapeutic strategies to eliminate tumor cells and thereby delay tumor recurrence. Here, using single-cell RNA sequencing, we classified proliferating and quiescent cancer cell populations in the human colorectal cancer spheroid model and identified ATF3 as a novel signature of QCCs that could support cells living in a metabolically restricted microenvironment. RNA velocity further showed a shift from the QCC group to the PCC group indicating the regenerative capacity of the QCCs. Our further results of epigenetic analysis, STING analysis, and evaluation of TCGA COAD datasets build a conclusion that ATF3 can interact with DDIT4 and TRIB3 at the transcriptional level. In addition, decreasing the expression level of ATF3 could enhance the efficacy of 5-FU on CRC MCTS models. In conclusion, ATF3 was identified as a novel marker of QCCs, and combining conventional drugs targeting PCCs with an option to target QCCs by reducing ATF3 expression levels may be a promising strategy for more efficient removal of tumor cells.
A diffusion model analysis of age and individual differences in the retro-cue benefit
Authors: Souza Alessandra S. , Frischkorn Gidon T. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe limited capacity of working memory (WM) constrains how well we can think and act. WM capacity is reduced in old age, with one explanation for this decline being a deficit in using attention to control WM contents. The retro-cue paradigm has been used to examine the ability to focus attention in WM. So far, there are conflicting findings regarding an aging deficit in the retro-cue effect. The present study evaluated age-related changes and individual differences in the retro-cue effect through a well-established computational model that combines speed and accuracy to extract underlying psychological parameters. We applied the drift–diffusion model to the data from a large sample of younger and older adults (total N = 346) that completed four retro-cue tasks. Retro-cues increased the quality of the evidence entering the decision process, reduced the time taken for memory retrieval, and changed response conservativeness for younger and older adults. An age-related decline was observed only in the retro-cue boost for evidence quality, and this was the only parameter capturing individual differences in focusing efficiency. Our results suggest that people differ in how well they can strengthen and protect a focused representation to boost evidence-quality accumulation, and this ability declines with aging.
Assessing vulnerability of densely populated areas to air pollution using Sentinel-5P imageries: a case study of the Nile Delta, Egypt
Authors: Hassaan Mahmoud A. , Abdallah Salwa M. , Shalaby El-Sayed A. , Ibrahim Amir A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAir pollution represents one of the major environmental stressors with serious implications on human health and ecosystem health. Recently remote sensing imageries; as an alternative cost and time-effective method compared with regular monitoring techniques, were used for provision of appropriate data concerning air quality over large areas. In this context, Sentinel-5P satellite provides high-resolution images of atmospheric pollutants including nitrogen dioxide, ozone, carbon monoxide (CO) and particulate matter (PM). The current work aims to delineate vulnerability of densely populated areas in Northern-Egypt to air pollution through retrieving CO and PM2.5 from Sentinel-5P images and validate the retrieved data through simultaneous In-Situ measurements. For this purpose, our approach comprised four-step methodology; data acquisition on study area, data manipulation, validation of retrieved air quality data and mapping the vulnerability to air pollution. Based on the data retrieved from the imagery, a composite vulnerability index for each CO and PM2.5 value was developed delineating the most vulnerable areas to air pollution in the Northern Nile Delta region. Such results revealed that Sentinel-5P imagery can serve as a valuable tool for monitoring air quality and assessing vulnerability of densely populated areas to air pollution. Accordingly, it can be concluded that the applied Sentinel-5P based model can be applied effectively for other air pollutants and can be extrapolated to other areas with similar and/or different environmental settings.
Ultrahigh pressure phase stability of AlB2-type and CaC2-type structures with respect to Fe2P-type and Ni2In-type structures of zirconia
Authors: Al-Khatatbeh Yahya , Tarawneh Khaldoun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractUsing density-functional theory, we have performed first-principles calculations to test the phase stability of the hexagonal AlB2-type and tetragonal CaC2-type phases at ultrahigh pressures with respect to the experimentally observed hexagonal Fe2P-type phase and the recently predicted (as post-Fe2P) hexagonal Ni2In-type phase of ZrO2. The phase relations among the four phases have been thoroughly investigated to better understand the high-pressure behavior of ZrO2, especially the upper part of the pressure phase transition sequence. Our enthalpy calculations revealed that the transformation from Ni2In phase to either AlB2 phase or CaC2 phase is unlikely to happen. On the other hand, a direct phase transition from Fe2P phase to Ni2In, CaC2 and AlB2 phases is predicted to occur at 325 GPa, 505 GPa and 1093 GPa, respectively. A deep discussion has been made on the Fe2P → Ni2In and Fe2P → CaC2 transitions in terms of the volume change, the coordination number (CN) change, and the band gap change to obtain a better prediction of the favored post-Fe2P phase of ZrO2. Additionally, the equation of state (EOS) parameters for each phase have been computed using Birch-Murnaghan EOS. To further investigate the phase stability testing, we have studied the components of the enthalpy difference to explore their effect on our findings, and found that all predicted transitions from Fe2P phase are driven by the volume reduction effect when compared to the slight effect of the electronic energy gain.
Reconstructing missing time-varying land subsidence data using back propagation neural network with principal component analysis
Authors: Liu Chih-Yu , Ku Cheng-Yu , Hsu Jia-Fu 
Published: October 2023

AbstractLand subsidence, a complex geophysical phenomenon, necessitates comprehensive time-varying data to understand regional subsidence patterns over time. This article focuses on the crucial task of reconstructing missing time-varying land subsidence data in the Choshui Delta, Taiwan. We propose a novel algorithm that leverages a multi-factorial perspective to accurately reconstruct the missing time-varying land subsidence data. By considering eight influential factors, our method seeks to capture the intricate interplay among these variables in the land subsidence process. Utilizing Principal Component Analysis (PCA), we ascertain the significance of these influencing factors and their principal components in relation to land subsidence. To reconstruct the absent time-dependent land subsidence data using PCA-derived principal components, we employ the backpropagation neural network. We illustrate the approach using data from three multi-layer compaction monitoring wells from 2008 to 2021 in a highly subsiding region within the study area. The proposed model is validated, and the resulting network is used to reconstruct the missing time-varying subsidence data. The accuracy of the reconstructed data is evaluated using metrics such as root mean square error and coefficient of determination. The results demonstrate the high accuracy of the proposed neural network model, which obviates the need for a sophisticated hydrogeological numerical model involving corresponding soil compaction parameters.
Deep reinforcement learning based voltage control revisited
Authors: Nematshahi Saeed , Shi Di , Wang Fengyu , Yan Bing , Nair Adithya 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDeep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) has shown promise for voltage control in power systems due to its speed and model‐free nature. However, learning optimal control policies through trial and error on a real grid is infeasible due to the mission‐critical nature of power systems. Instead, DRL agents are typically trained on a simulator, which may not accurately represent the real grid. This discrepancy can lead to suboptimal control policies and raises concerns for power system operators. In this paper, we revisit the problem of RL‐based voltage control and investigate how model inaccuracies affect the performance of the DRL agent. Extensive numerical experiments are conducted to quantify the impact of model inaccuracies on learning outcomes. Specifically, techniques that enable the DRL agent are focused on learning robust policies that can still perform well in the presence of model errors. Furthermore, the impact of the agent's decisions on the overall system loss are analyzed to provide additional insight into the control problem. This work aims to address the concerns of power system operators and make DRL‐based voltage control more practical and reliable.
Externally gapped line arresters placement effect on transmission line lightning performance including the frequency response of the grounding system
Authors: Khodsuz Masume 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis paper conducts the frequency‐dependent grounding system impact on externally gapped line arresters (EGLAs) operation and their placement effects on the lightning performance of a transmission line (TL). The study involves placing EGLAs at different phases of a 400‐kV double‐circuit TL with two downstream shield wires and selecting the optimal state with fewer back‐flashover incidents. The results show that using a non‐linear grounding system leads to a higher back return current from insulators or EGLAs, resulting in a higher flashover rate compared to the frequency grounding system (FGS). Installing four EGLAs in the middle and upper phases of the TL provides satisfactory lightning protection, and the flashover probability is zero and 4.2% for the FGS and the non‐linear grounding system, respectively. A sensitivity analysis including soil resistor variation, economic analysis, and grounding electrode configuration has been performed that confirms installing downstream shield wires and EGLAs is an effective and economical technique for lightning protection.
Multi‐port bidirectional isolated DC–DC resonance converter with constant phase current for application in bipolar DC microgrids
Authors: Davoodi Kamran , Hamezh Mohsen , Afjei Seyed Ebrahim 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis paper proposes a new DC–DC bipolar resonance converter that combines a dual‐active‐bridge and a multi‐port resonance Buck‐Boost converter. This structure uses a resonance network between the input and output ports, which has the following advantages: it creates a constant current supply in the open‐loop mode; it keeps the current phase of the output ports constant under different loads; and it allows reversing the power from any output port by adjusting the phase shift of its switches, if the converter is connected to a DC microgrid. In this way, power can be exchanged among each of the output ports and input ports. The advantages of this converter are bidirectional power exchange, power exchange between output ports, soft switching, high efficiency, integration of transformer parasitic elements, and the modular capability to connect multiple resources at the input. Furthermore, the proposed structure of the bipolar converter has been implemented for verification purposes, and its results are presented in three modes: open loop, voltage control, and current control. Additionally, the results of different modes of power sharing and their bidirectionally are shown.
An extensively validated C/H/O/N chemical network for hot exoplanet disequilibrium chemistry
Authors: Veillet R. , Venot O. , Sirjean B. , Bounaceur R. , Glaude P.-A. , Al-Refaie A. , Hébrard E. 
Published: October 2023

Context. The reliability of one-dimensional disequilibrium chemistry models in hot exoplanet atmospheres depends on the chemical network used. To develop robust networks, we can rely on combustion studies that provide C/H/O/N chemical networks validated by vast amount of experimental data generated by the extensive research that has been done on hydrocarbon combustion and NOx formation in the last decades.
Aims. We aimed to build a new and updated C0–C2 chemical network to study the C/H/O/N disequilibrium chemistry of warm and hot exoplanet atmospheres that relies on extensively validated and recent state-of-the-art combustion networks. The reliability range of this network was aimed for conditions between 500–2500 K and 100–10−6 bar, with cautious extrapolation at lower temperature values.
Methods. We compared the predictions of seven networks over a large set of experiments, covering a wide range of conditions (pressures, temperatures, and initial compositions). To examine the consequences of this new chemical network on exoplanets atmospheric studies, we generated abundances profiles for GJ 436 b, GJ 1214 b, HD 189733 b, and HD 209458 b, using the 1D kinetic model FRECKLL and calculated the corresponding transmission spectra using TauREx 3.1. These spectra and abundance profiles have been compared with results obtained with our previous chemical network.
Results. Our new kinetic network is composed of 145 species and 1313 reactions mostly reversible. This network proves to be more accurate than our previous one for the tested experimental conditions. The nitrogen chemistry update is found to be very impactful on the abundance profiles, particularly for HCN, with differences up to four orders of magnitude. The CO2 profiles are also significantly affected, with important repercussions on the transmission spectrum of GJ 436 b.
Conclusions. These effects highlight the importance of using extensively validated chemical networks to gain confidence in our models predictions. As shown with CH2NH, the coupling between carbon and nitrogen chemistry combined with radicals produced by photolysis can have huge effects impacting the transmission spectra. This should be kept in mind when adding new elements like sulfur, as only adding a sub-mechanism neglects these coupling effects.
Can one hear supercontinents in the tides of ocean planets?
Authors: Auclair-Desrotour Pierre , Farhat Mohammad , Boué Gwenaël , Gastineau Mickaël , Laskar Jacques 
Published: October 2023

Context.Recent observations and theoretical progress made about the history of the Earth-Moon system suggest that tidal dissipation in oceans primarily drives the long-term evolution of orbital systems hosting ocean planets. Particularly, they emphasise the key role played by the geometry of land-ocean distributions in this mechanism. However, the complex way continents affect oceanic tides still remains to be elucidated.Aims.In the present study, we investigate the impact of a single supercontinent on the tidal response of an ocean planet and the induced tidally dissipated energy.Methods.The adopted approach is based on the linear tidal theory. By simplifying the continent to a spherical cap of a given angular radius and position on the globe, we carried out a harmonic analysis of the whole planet’s tidal response including the coupling with the solid part due to ocean loading and self-attraction variations. In this framework, tidal flows are formulated analytically in terms of explicitly defined oceanic eigenmodes, as well as the resulting tidal Love numbers, dissipated power, and torque.Results.The analysis highlights the symmetry breaking effect of the continent, which makes the dependence of tidal quantities on the tidal frequency become highly irregular. The metric introduced to quantify this continentality effect reveals abrupt transitions between polar and non-polar configurations, and between small-sized and medium-sized continents. Additionally, it predicts that a continent similar to South America or smaller (~30° angular radius) does not qualitatively alter the tidal response of a global ocean regardless of its position on the planet.
Probing the structure of the lensed quasar SDSS J1004+4112 through microlensing analysis of spectroscopic data
Authors: Fian C. , Muñoz J. A. , Forés-Toribio R. , Mediavilla E. , Jiménez-Vicente J. , Chelouche D. , Kaspi S. , Richards G. T. 
Published: October 2023

Aims. We aim to reveal the sizes of the continuum and broad emission line (BEL) emitting regions in the gravitationally lensed quasar SDSS J1004+4112 by analyzing the unique signatures of microlensing in this system. Through a comprehensive analysis of 20 spectroscopic observations acquired between 2003 and 2018, we studied the striking deformations of various BEL profiles and determined the sizes of their respective emitting regions.
Methods. Our approach involves a detailed analysis of the magnitude differences in the BEL wings and their adjacent continua, and the implementation of a statistical model to quantify the distribution and impact of microlensing magnifications. To ensure a reliable baseline for no microlensing, we used the emission line cores as a reference. We then applied a Bayesian estimate to derive the size lower limits of the Lyα, Si IV, C IV, C III], and Mg II emitting regions, as well as the sizes of the underlying continuum-emitting sources.
Results. We analyzed the outstanding microlensing-induced distortions in the line profiles of various BELs in the quasar image A, characterized by a prominent magnification of the blue part and a strong demagnification of the red part. From the statistics of microlensing magnifications and using Bayesian methods, we estimate the lower limit to the overall size of the regions emitting the BELs to be a few light-days across, which is significantly smaller than in typically lensed quasars. The asymmetric deformations in the BELs indicate that the broad-line region is generally not spherically symmetric, and is likely confined to a plane and following the motions of the accretion disk. Additionally, the inferred continuum-emitting region sizes are larger than predictions based on standard thin-disk theory by a factor of ∼3.6 on average. The size-wavelength relation is consistent with that of a geometrically thin and optically thick accretion disk.
Nierentransplantatabstoßung
Authors: Aßfalg Volker , Stocker Felix , Stock Konrad , Renders Lutz 
Published: October 2023

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGPathophysiologisch lassen sich neben der T-zellulären und der antikörpervermittelten (humoralen) Abstoßung gegen humane Leukozytenantigene (HLA) auch Abstoßungen gegen Nicht-HLA-Moleküle, komplementgetriggerte Abstoßungen und Abstoßungen durch Missing-Self beschreiben. Klinisch müssen in Abhängigkeit vom Zeitpunkt nach einer Transplantation immer auch nichtimmunologische Ursachen einer Transplantatdysfunktion in Betrachtung gezogen werden. Trotz moderner immunsuppressiver Medikation ist die chronische Nierentransplantatabstoßung der limitierende Faktor für das Überleben eines Nierentransplantats. Akute Abstoßungen lassen sich nur in Zusammenschau von klinischen, labormedizinischen und apparativen Befunden nachweisen – der Goldstandard in der Diagnostik einer Abstoßung stellt die nephropathologische Begutachtung eines Nierenbiopsie-Stanzzylinders dar. Die Nierentransplantatbiopsie ist ein standardisiertes, und in geübten Händen für Patienten und Transplantat sicheres, diagnostisches Verfahren.
Synopsis wichtiger Scoring-Systeme in der Kardiologie
Authors: Jabs Alexander , Hink Ulrich 
Published: October 2023

ZusammenfassungZur Einschätzung und Behandlung kardiovaskulärer Krankheitsbilder in der Notfall- und Intensivmedizin sind zahlreiche Scores gebräuchlich und klinisch erprobt. Im Alltag ist eine
weitestmögliche Einfachheit und Verlässlichkeit solcher Scoring-Systeme entscheidend, die eine schnelle Anwendung ermöglichen und somit als klinische Entscheidungshilfe dienen können.