bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interactions Between Internal Solitary Waves and Sea Ice
Authors: Hartharn‐Evans Samuel G. , Carr Magda , Stastna Marek 
Published: January 2024

AbstractInternal Solitary Waves (ISWs) that form on internal density interfaces in the ocean are responsible for the horizontal transport and vertical mixing of heat, nutrients, and other water properties. The waves also induce fluid motion that can induce stresses and motion on floating structures, such as sea ice. This study investigates ISW‐sea ice interactions. Using laboratory experiments, ISWs generated via the lock gate technique are observed interacting with weighted floats of varying sizes. The motion of these floats can be modeled effectively, simply as the average velocity of the fluid under the float, and it is found that when floats are small relative to the wavelength, they behave in the same manner as a fluid particle, but as floats become bigger relative to the wavelength, the maximum velocity decreases, and interaction time increases. This phenomenon is explained simply by the wave‐induced flow as opposed to energy transfer arguments. By using this model with a large sample of theoretical waves, the float motion is parameterized based on the float length and wave parameters. Whilst small floats do not disrupt the flow patterns, the wave‐induced flow under larger floats forms a pair of counter‐rotating vortices at each end of the float. The formation and evolution of these flow features arise as a result of boundary layer separation with the horizontal wave‐induced flow relative to the float velocity. This reveals complex dynamics due to the non‐stationary behavior of both the float and flow.
Study on Test‐Mass Charging for Taiji Gravitational Wave Observatory
Authors: Han Ruilong , Cai Minghui , Yang Tao , Xu Liangliang , Xia Qing , Jia Xinyu , Gao Dawei , Li Mengyao , Zhang Longlong , Li Hongwei , Han Jianwei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTaiji is proposed as a space‐based gravitational wave (GW) observatory consisting of three spacecraft in a heliocentric orbit meanwhile with the distance of 3 million kilometers ahead of the Earth at about 20°. Free‐falling test masses (TMs) are a key component of the interferometer for space‐based GW detection in the 0.1mHz–1 Hz frequency range. Exposure to energetic particles in the space environment can lead to charging of the TMs and thus cause additional electrostatic forces and Lorentz forces that limit the sensitivity of the interferometer and may affect the quality of the scientific data. This study aims to model the charging of TMs during Galactic cosmic rays and solar proton events (SPEs) using the Monte Carlo simulation toolkit meanwhile with constructing the sophisticated 3D spacecraft. The results show that the total net charging rates are 34.48 +e/s and 33.85 +e/s on TM1 and TM2 during the solar minimum, and 9.58 +e/s on TM1 and 9.65 +e/s on TM2 during the solar maximum. We confirm that no matter for solar minimum or solar maximum, protons contribute to the largest proportion of the TMs charging rate. Furthermore, charging for five typical SPEs is also investigated, and the maximum TMs charging rate reaches 76,674 +e/s, indicating that sporadic SPEs have a high risk for TMs charging. Finally, the charging rates of a TM imitation are tested on ground by the 30–50 MeV proton irradiation experiment, and the experimental results show good consistence with the simulation results with the error <10%.
WWOX promotes osteosarcoma development via upregulation of Myc
Authors: Akkawi Rania , Hidmi Osama , Haj-Yahia Ameen , Monin Jonathon , Diment Judith , Drier Yotam , Stein Gary S. , Aqeilan Rami I. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractOsteosarcoma is an aggressive bone tumor that primarily affects children and adolescents. This malignancy is highly aggressive, associated with poor clinical outcomes, and primarily metastasizes to the lungs. Due to its rarity and biological heterogeneity, limited studies on its molecular basis exist, hindering the development of effective therapies. The WW domain-containing oxidoreductase (WWOX) is frequently altered in human osteosarcoma. Combined deletion of Wwox and Trp53 using Osterix1-Cre transgenic mice has been shown to accelerate osteosarcoma development. In this study, we generated a traceable osteosarcoma mouse model harboring the deletion of Trp53 alone (single-knockout) or combined deletion of Wwox/Trp53 (double-knockout) and expressing a tdTomato reporter. By tracking Tomato expression at different time points, we detected the early presence of tdTomato-positive cells in the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells of non-osteosarcoma-bearing mice (young BM). We found that double-knockout young BM cells, but not single-knockout young BM cells, exhibited tumorigenic traits both in vitro and in vivo. Molecular and cellular characterization of these double-knockout young BM cells revealed their resemblance to osteosarcoma tumor cells. Interestingly, one of the observed significant transcriptomic changes in double-knockout young BM cells was the upregulation of Myc and its target genes compared to single-knockout young BM cells. Intriguingly, Myc-chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing revealed its increased enrichment on Myc targets, which were upregulated in double-knockout young BM cells. Restoration of WWOX in double-knockout young BM cells reduced Myc protein levels. As a prototype target, we demonstrated the upregulation of MCM7, a known Myc target, in double-knockout young BM relative to single-knockout young BM cells. Inhibition of MCM7 expression using simvastatin resulted in reduced proliferation and tumor cell growth of double-knockout young BM cells. Our findings reveal BM mesenchymal stem cells as a platform to study osteosarcoma and Myc and its targets as WWOX effectors and early molecular events during osteosarcomagenesis.
Temporally-coordinated bivalent histone modifications of BCG1 enable fungal invasion and immune evasion
Authors: Zhao Xiaozhen , Wang Yiming , Yuan Bingqin , Zhao Hanxi , Wang Yujie , Tan Zheng , Wang Zhiyuan , Wu Huijun , Li Gang , Song Wei , Gupta Ravi , Tsuda Kenichi , Ma Zhonghua , Gao Xuewen , Gu Qin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBivalent histone modifications, including functionally opposite H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 marks simultaneously on the same nucleosome, control various cellular processes by fine-tuning the gene expression in eukaryotes. However, the role of bivalent histone modifications in fungal virulence remains elusive. By mapping the genome-wide landscape of H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 dynamic modifications in Fusarium graminearum (Fg) during invasion, we identify the infection-related bivalent chromatin-marked genes (BCGs). BCG1 gene, which encodes a secreted Fusarium-specific xylanase containing a G/Q-rich motif, displays the highest increase of bivalent modification during Fg infection. We report that the G/Q-rich motif of BCG1 is a stimulator of its xylanase activity and is essential for the full virulence of Fg. Intriguingly, this G/Q-rich motif is recognized by pattern-recognition receptors to trigger plant immunity. We discover that Fg employs H3K4me3 modification to induce BCG1 expression required for host cell wall degradation. After breaching the cell wall barrier, this active chromatin state is reset to bivalency by co-modifying with H3K27me3, which enables epigenetic silencing of BCG1 to escape from host immune surveillance. Collectively, our study highlights how fungal pathogens deploy bivalent epigenetic modification to achieve temporally-coordinated activation and suppression of a critical fungal gene, thereby facilitating successful infection and host immune evasion.
Nuclear membrane protein SUN2 promotes replication of flaviviruses through modulating cytoskeleton reorganization mediated by NS1
Authors: Huang Yanxia , Peng Qinyu , Tian Xu , Chen Cancan , Zhu Xuanfeng , Huang Changbai , Huo Zhiting , Liu Yang , Yang Chao , Liu Chao , Zhang Ping 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCytoskeleton is extensively recruited by flaviviruses for their infection. In this study, we uncovered an essential role of a nuclear membrane protein, SAD1/UNC84 domain protein 2 (SUN2) linking cytoskeleton and nucleoskeleton in the flavivirus replication. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of SUN2, but not SUN1, significantly reduces the replication of Zika virus (ZIKV), dengue virus (DENV), and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). In contrast, SUN2 does not affect the infection of non-flaviviridae RNA viruses. All three regions of SUN2 are required for its proviral effect. Mechanistically, SUN2 facilitates rearrangement of cytoskeleton and formation of replication organelles induced by viral infection, and hence promotes viral RNA synthesis. SUN2 is required for the interaction between cytoskeleton actin and ZIKV nonstructural protein 1 (NS1). Expression of dominant negative Nesprin-1 and Nesprin-2, which connect SUN2 to cytoskeleton proteins, alleviates the interaction between actin and NS1 and reduces viral replication levels. In a neonatal mouse infection model, SUN2 knockout dramatically alleviates the in vivo ZIKV replication and development of neuropathology. This work elucidates that recruitment of cytoskeleton proteins by flavivirus is coordinated by nuclear membrane proteins SUN2 and Nesprins, providing evidence for a link between nuclear membrane proteins and flavivirus infection.
Dynamic response of a large-diameter end-bearing pile in permafrost
Authors: Li Qiang , Zhang Yongyuan , Chen Chen , Wen Minjie , Guan Wenjie , Duan Weiwei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractVertically dynamic model of a large-diameter pile in frozen soil is established, in which the frozen soil is described to a saturated frozen porous media, and the large diameter end-bearing pile is simplified to a one-dimensional rod considering the influence of the transverse inertia effect. Analytical solutions of the longitudinal coupling vibration between the end-bearing pile and the frozen soil are obtained using Helmholtz decomposition and variable separation methods in the frequency domain. By comparing the dynamic responses of the longitudinal vibration of the large diameter end-bearing pile with the traditionally one-dimensional pile, as well as the impedance factor of the frozen soil layer induced by the pile vibration, these demonstrate the influence of the transverse inertia effect on the high frequency vibration of large diameter pile is significant, and the influence on the pile with a smaller slenderness ratio is larger. The temperature and the Poisson’s ratio also have significant effects on the vertical vibration of large diameter piles in frozen soil, which cannot be ignored in the analysis.
Clinical and digital assessment of tooth wear
Authors: Al-Seelawi Zahra , Hermann Nuno V. , Peutzfeldt Anne , Baram Sara , Bakke Merete , Sonnesen Liselotte , Tsakanikou Angeliki , Rahiotis Christos , Benetti Ana R. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe aim of this study was to compare the assessment of tooth wear performed on digital models with the one conducted at the clinical examination. Seventy-eight volunteers (29 males and 49 females, age range 20–30 years) with at least 24 teeth, normal oral function, and a neutral transverse relationship were examined. During the clinical examination, dental wear was registered according to the Basic Erosive Wear Examination (BEWE) index. Subsequently, the BEWE index was blindly applied by two examiners on digital models obtained from the volunteers. Data were analyzed using weighted Cohen’s kappa coefficient and correlation tests with a confidence interval of 95%. All volunteers showed signs of tooth wear. Anterior teeth showed increased severity of tooth wear than first molars. Early loss of tooth substance could be identified on the digital models, including in areas with challenging direct intraoral visual access. Approximately 50% of the scores based on clinical examination agreed with those based on examination of digital models (k = 0.543, p < 0.01). A moderate, positive correlation was observed between scores registered clinically and on digital models (Spearman's rho = 0.560, p < 0.001). Considering the rather low agreement between the clinical and digital scores, alternatives to using BEWE on digital models are needed.
Physical fitness is related to concentration performance in adolescents
Authors: Altermann Wolfgang , Gröpel Peter 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe aim of this study was to test the relationship between physical fitness and attention in a sample of adolescents. The hypothesis was that the overall fitness as well as its single components (speed, endurance, strength, coordination, and flexibility) would be positively related to participants’ performance in a test of attention. Participants were adolescent students (N = 140) aged 15 to 18 years. Physical fitness was measured with the German Motor Test. Attention was assessed with the d2-Test of Attention. Overall, physical fitness explained 26% of the variance in the attentional test performance. Endurance, strength, coordination, and flexibility were all positively linked to participants’ attention, whereas speed was unrelated to attention. Endurance and flexibility better predicted how fast participants processed the test items, while strength and coordination better predicted the accuracy with which the participants detected the targets. Better physical fitness seems to be an advantage for adolescents’ cognitive performance.
Effect of intensity of sedimentary cover deformation on hydrocarbon accumulation in Dongying Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, China
Authors: Zhou Weiwei , Zhao Changqi , Chang He 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe developmental phase of the fault deformation zone denotes the zone of weak deformation (with strong concealment) that evolves within the sedimentary cover of the basin. Recent studies have unveiled the objectively existing tectonic phenomenon of weakly deformed tectonic belts within the sedimentary basin cover, closely intertwined with oil and gas accumulation. To elucidate the deformation intensity and hydrocarbon accumulation scale within the cap cover deformation zone, a pivotal concern in oil and gas geology, this study focuses on the Dongying Sag. The structural physical simulation experiment method, incorporating variable caprock thickness and variable shear strength, is employed to scrutinize the impact of basement fault strike-slip activity on the development of faults in the sedimentary caprock of the basin and dyed oil is charged. In conjunction with sag examples, Early R shear single-channel migration-isolated aggregation, Early and mid-term R shear main channel migration-geese and beaded aggregation, P shear main channel migration-intermittent zonal aggregation, Full channel migration-continuous belt aggregation accumulation models of basement faults are established. It is emphasized that the R shear pressurized deformation section and the R and P shear intersection section in the deformation zone are favorable target areas for oil and gas exploration.
Exploring the versatility of sesquiterpene biosynthesis in guava plants: a comparative genome-wide analysis of two cultivars
Authors: Canal Drielli , dos Santos Pedro Henrique Dias , de Avelar Carpinetti Paola , Silva Matheus Alves , Fernandes Miquéias , Brustolini Otávio José Bernardes , Ferreira Adésio , da Silva Ferreira Marcia Flores 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPsidium guajava L., a fruit crop belonging to the Myrtaceae family, is highly valued for its nutritional and medicinal properties. The family exhibits a diverse chemical profile of essential oils and serves as a valuable resource due to its ecological interactions, adaptability, and dispersal capacity. The Myrtaceae family has been extensively studied for its terpenoids. Genetic studies have focused on foliar terpene yield in species from the Eucalypteae and Melaleucaceae tribes. To understand the evolutionary trends in guava breeding, this study predicted terpene synthase genes (TPS) from different cultivars. Through this analysis, 43 full-length TPS genes were identified, and approximately 77% of them exhibited relative expression in at least one of the five investigated plant tissues (root, leaf, bud, flower, and fruit) of two guava cultivars. We identified intra-species variation in the terpene profile and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in twelve TPS genes, resulting in the clustering of 62 genotypes according to their essential oil chemotypes. The high concentration of sesquiterpenes is supported by the higher number of TPS-a genes and their expression. The expansion for TPS sub-families in P. guajava occurred after the expansion of other rosids species. Providing insight into the origin of structural diversification and expansion in each clade of the TPS gene family within Myrtaceae. This study can provide insights into the diversity of genes for specialized metabolites such as terpenes, and their regulation, which can lead to a diverse chemotype of essential oil in different tissues and genotypes. This suggests a mode of enzymatic evolution that could lead to high sesquiterpene production, act as a chemical defense and contribute to the adaptive capacity of this species to different habitats.
Application of fractional-order synergetic-proportional integral controller based on PSO algorithm to improve the output power of the wind turbine power system
Authors: Benbouhenni Habib , Hamza Gasmi , Oproescu Mihai , Bizon Nicu , Thounthong Phatiphat , Colak Ilhami 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIt is noted that the traditional direct filed-oriented control (DFOC) is widely used in the field of electric power generation from wind due to its fast response dynamic, ease of implementation and simplicity, but this strategy is characterized by the presence of large ripples at the level of both active and reactive powers. This work presents a new algorithm for DFOC strategy of an asynchronous generator (AG) in a wind power (WP) system, which is based on the use of a new nonlinear controller called fractional-order synergetic control–fractional-order proportional-integral (FOSC–FOPI) controller, where the proposed technique parameters are calculated using the particle swarm optimization (PSO) strategy. It has been observed that the DFOC–FOSC–FOPI–PSO strategy is robust and works well in case of changing generator parameters. Three tests were performed to study the behavior of the designed technique under different working conditions, where the behavior of the DFOC–FOSC–FOPI–PSO strategy was compared with the behavior of the traditional DFOC technique in terms of power ripple ratio, overshoot, steady-state error, response time, tracking reference, and current quality. The simulation of the designed technique based on the FOSC–FOPI–PSO strategy of the AG–WP system is carried out using Matlab software, where the simulation results showed that the suggested technique is better than the classical technique (with PI controller) in terms of improving response time of active power (33.33%) and reactive power (10%) in second test, reduction of the steady-state error of reactive power (96.95%) and active power (97.14) in first test, minimization of harmonic distortion of current (96.57%) in third test and significant minimization of ripples of active power (99.67%, 44.69%, and 98.95%) and reactive power (99.25%, 53.65%, and 70.50%) in the three tests. The effectiveness of the DFOC–FOSC–FOPI–PSO strategy is very high, so it can be a reliable solution for controlling various generators.
Adaptable polyaryletherketones (PAEKs) with competing crosslinking and crystallisation mechanisms
Authors: Yi Nan , Chaplin Adam , Grasmeder John , Ghita Oana 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDriven by the need to make high temperature thermoplastic polymers more processable and expand the range of applications, this study reports on the properties of a novel PAEK material developed by Victrex (Thornton Cleveleys, UK) which is capable of undergoing crosslinking or crystallisation, two competing processes that can be adapted via specific processing temperature and time conditions. The uniqueness of this PAEK material resides in its manufacturing approach, where the crosslinkers are incorporated during the polymerisation process, and its distinct properties, including a controllable viscosity that can be tuned from low to high to allow its application in complex manufacturing processes, such as thermoplastic carbon fibre manufacturing.
The effects of residual energy intake on nutrient use, methane emissions and microbial composition in dairy cows
Authors: Ahvenjärvi Seppo , Bayat Ali-Reza , Toivanen Maria , Mäntysaari Päivi , Tapio Ilma 
Published: January 2024

AbstractFor sustainable food production selection and breeding of feed efficient animals is crucial. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether multiparous dairy cows, ranked during their first lactation based on residual energy intake (REI) as efficient (low; L-REI) or inefficient (high; H-REI), differ in terms of nutrient use efficiency, methane emissions, rumen fermentation, and gut microbiota composition. Six L-REI and 6 H-REI cows were offered two diets with either a low or high proportion of concentrates (30 vs. 50% of DM) on two consecutive periods of 21 d. Gas exchanges, milk yield, feces and urine excretions were measured in open-circuit respiratory chambers. The results indicated that L-REI cows had higher methane yields (22.6 vs. 20.4 g/kg DM intake) and derived more energy (energy balance − 36.6 vs. − 16.9 MJ/d) and protein (N balance − 6.6 vs. 18.8 g/d) from the tissues to support similar milk yields compared to H-REI cows. Nutrient intake and digestibility were not affected by REI, and there were no interactions between REI and diet. Milk yield, milk production efficiency, and milk composition were not affected by REI except for milk urea concentration that was higher for L-REI cows (14.1 vs. 10.8 mg/100 ml). The rumen and fecal microbiota community structure and function were associated with both the diet and REI, but the diet effect was more pronounced. The current study identified several physiological mechanisms underlying the differences between high and low REI cows, but further studies are needed to distinguish the quantitative role of each mechanism.