bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Adding Thymol on Rumen Fermentations, the Digestibility of Nutrients and Bacterial Count of Arabi Lamb’s Rumen Fluid in Vitro
Authors: Al-Dabisi Abbas Nasser , Al-Galbi Hanaa Ali , Al-Hellou Murtda Faraj 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the microbial responses to thymol supplementation in the rumen fluid of Arabi lambs and determine the effective dose of thymol on rumen fermentation. Thymol was added at different concentrations (0, 200, 300, 400 mg thymol/L of rumen fluid) with four replicates for each treatment during a 24-hour laboratory incubation period. The Real-Time PCR-DNA technique was used to count the bacteria in the rumen fluid, and the fermentations of the rumen fluid were examined. The results indicated that thymol did not have an effect on the pH and ammonia nitrogen concentration of the rumen fluid. However, the addition of thymol at concentrations of 200, 300, and 400 mg/L showed significant improvements in metabolic energy, total fatty acids, and total gas production compared to the control treatment (0 mg thymol). Methane gas concentration significantly decreased when thymol was added at a concentration of 400 mg/L. The digestibility of organic matter and fiber improved at concentrations of 300 and 400 mg/L, respectively. The digestibility of crude protein was significantly higher (P<0.05) in the control and 200 mg/L treatments compared to the 300 and 400 mg/L treatments. Regarding the number of bacteria, there were no significant differences between the treatments in the average total number of bacteria and the number of fiber-degrading bacteria of the genus Ruminococcus flavefaciens in the rumen fluid. However, the addition of thymol led to a significant increase in the number of fibrous bacteria from the genus Ruminococcus albus. The third treatment (300 mg/L) showed the highest number of Ruminococcus albus bacteria (5.86 × 710 CFU/mL rumen fluid) compared to the first and second treatments (4.55 × 710, 4.71 × 710 CFU/mL rumen fluid, respectively). In conclusion, thymol improved metabolic energy, total fatty acids, digestibility of organic matter and total gas production, while reducing methane gas concentration. The addition of thymol did not significantly affect the total number of bacteria but increased the number of fibrous bacteria from the genus Ruminococcus albus.
Effect of Protein Concentrate Withdrawal and Reducing the Crude Protein in Diets and Supporting Them with a Mixtures of Essential Amino Acids on some Physiological Traits of Laying Hens
Authors: Al-Bayati Omar I. , Al-Mashhadani Hisham A. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The study was conducted to show Effect of protein concentrate Withdrawal and reducing the crude Protein in diets and supporting them with a mixtures of essential amino acids on some physiological traits of laying hens. (128) laying hens, type Lohmann Brown, at the age of (21) weeks, was randomly distributed among 8 treatments, with 8 replications for each treatment, as each replication was carried out on (2) hen (16 chickens/treatment), And the experimental treatments were as follows: T1 control (standard diet) and T2 (a treatment devoid of protein concentration ), and treatments T3, T4, and T5 (in which the percentage of crude protein was reduced by 1% and add on a mixture of amino acids consisting of methionine, lysine, and threonine was added by 1, 1.5, and 2%, respectively), and treatments T6, T7, and T8 (in which the percentage of crude protein was reduced by 2%, and add on a mixture of amino acids consisting of methionine, lysine, and threonine was added by 1, 1.5, and 2%, respectively). The results showed that there were no significant differences between the treatments of the experiment, but it was noted that there was a significant superiority (P < 0.05) for the treatments of adding the mixture of amino acids in favor of the treatments T1 and T10 in terms of cholesterol, total protein and albumin, compared with the treatment of T1 and T2 control, as well as treatment recorded T1, T2 and T3 Highly significant (P<0.01) superiority in IgM and IgA traits. It can be concluded from this study that adding the mixture of amino acids by 1.5 and 2% and reducing the protein percentage by (1 and 2%) led to a significant improvement in some physiological characteristics compared with the control treatment
Principal Component Analysis for the Egg Traits in Three Genetic Lines of Japanese Quail
Authors: Al-Tamimy S. M. A. , Shaker Ahmed Sami 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The current study was carried out at the poultry farms of animal production department, college of agriculture, University of Kirkuk from May 2022 to June 2023. A total of (300) eggs were collecting from three genetic groups of the Japanese quail (brown, grey, and white) to evaluate the external egg traits concerning (Egg weight, Egg length, Egg breadth, Shell thickness). The Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin (KMO) for the three genetic lines (brown, grey, and white) of the Japanese quail were (0.651, 0.728, and 0.667) respectively. The communalities represent estimates of variance in each variable accounted, for the brown genetic group of the three traits length, breadth, and eggshell thickness was (0.990, 0.817, and 0.872) respectively. Three Eigen values were extract for the three genetic lines. We conclude that the principal component analysis of the external egg traits that effected the egg weight in the three genetic lines of the Japanese quail differ among the lines due to the genetic makeup of the lines.
A study on the Effect of Liquid Optical Enhancers (Garlimmune), Baseline Enhancer, and Local Hawthorn Leaves on the Physiological Characteristics of Broiler Blood Chickens (ross-308)
Authors: Abd Kahlan Ahmed , Al Nuaimi Mohammed Ibrahim Ahmed , Mustafa Nidhal Abdulghani 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The purpose of this study, which took place at a KYSAR Company poultry farm in the city of Erbil, was to compare the effects of supplementing ROSS-308 broilers with either a single dose of hawthorn tree leaf powder or a mixture of hawthorn tree leaf powder and a different type of photobiotic liquid. A total of 144 day-old, gender-neutral broilers were randomly assigned to one of six treatments, each with three replicate pens (11) containing eight birds. Ad libitum feeding was used, and fresh water was always within reach. The chicks had a mean life weight of 40 grams. The nutritional therapies were as detailed below. T1: a basic diet (Control I diet), T2: a basic diet supplemented with 0.025% of Powder Hawthom tree leaves, T3: a basic diet supplemented with 0.50 % of Powder Hawthom tree leaves, and T4: a basic diet supplemented with 0.50 % of the liquid Garlimmune used to treat warts, given as 0.50 ml per 100 ml of drinking water for 7 days throughout the growth phase. T5: Powder Hawthom tree leaf and drinking Wart 0.25% of the base diet T6: The base food supplemented with 0.50% Powder Hawthom tree leaves, and the drinking Wart included liquid Garlimmune at a concentration of 0.50 milligrams per 100 milliliters for seven days during the growth phase. In a statistical comparison between birds given 1, 2, and 3 treatments and those given 4, 5, and 6, the latter showed a statistically significant improvement in live body weight at 35 days (p 0.05). However, there was a notable improvement in this feature among the birds exposed to Treatments 2 and 3. Gain weight over 1-35 days was substantially (p 0.05) better for the birds in treatments 5 and 6, and it was significantly (p 0.05) better for the birds in treatments 4 and 6 compared to the birds in treatments 1, 2, and 3. Those fed the smallest amount of food had a far higher feed conversion ratio than the birds in treatments 1, 2, 3, and 4. Carcass weight was substantially (p.05) higher for the 6 treated birds compared to the other treatments. The birds given the 6 treatment had significantly (p.05) more thigh meat than those given the 1, 2, or 3 treatments, while the birds given the 5 and 6 treatments had significantly (p.05) more breast meat than those given the 1 or 2 treatments. When compared to control treatment birds, birds given the sixth treatment had significantly (p.05) heavier hearts, gizzards, and livers on average.
The Effect of using Different Sources of Vegetable Oils on the Productive Performance of Broilers Ross 308
Authors: aldarraji Saif A. J. , Abdullah Bahaa Jalal , Albaddy Maad A.K. , Alkassy Sajid 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In order to determine the impact of using five different types of vegetable oils on the productive performance of broiler chickens, Ross 308, I carried out a field experiment in the poultry field of the Department of Animal Production, College of Agriculture, Tikrit University, between November 28, 2022, and January 5, 2023. A total of 150 Ross 308 unsexed chicks, each weighing an average of (39.12) g at one day old, participated in the study. Five chicks were assigned to each of the six replicates in each of the five treatments, which were given equally to the chicks. Sunflower oil was utilized in the first treatment, followed by linseed oil in the second, olive oil in the third, canola oil in the fourth, and maize oil in the fifth. According to the Ross 308 Breeding Guide, crushed feed, lighting, and water were given. At the conclusion of each feeding session, the body weight, weight increase, amount of feed consumed, and feed conversion factor were recorded. These were the outcomes: The fourth treatment (using canola oil) did not significantly differ from the other experimental treatments in terms of body weight at 35 days or total weight gain, and there was no significant difference between the experimental treatments. The fourth treatment was significantly better than the control treatment (using sunflower oil). in terms of feed conversion ratio and feed usage.
Effect of Addition Different Levels of Kojic Acid and Sodium Alginate as a substitutes of conventional Antibiotic on the Characteristics of Cryopreserved Semen of Buffalo Bulls
Authors: Mahdi Zainab Adel , Banana Husam Jasim Hussein , Mohammed Omar Adel 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This experiment examined the effects of adding sodium alginate and KOJIC acid as substitutes of Conventional antibiotics to soybean lecithin extender on the characteristics of cryopreserved and frozen buffalo bull semen, as well as evaluation of their additions as antibiotics that to help lowering the microbial load. Following the collection and dilution of in the soybean lecithin extender, the experimental treatments were separated into five groups, as follows: T1: (control-) without adding any antibiotics; T2: (control+) adding the conventional antibiotics Gentamicin 0.4 IU and Tylosin 0.08 IU per 100 ml; T3: adding Kojic acid at (0.06 g/L) T4: adding sodium alginate at (0.6 mg/mL)T5: adding a combination of Kojic acid (0.06 g/liter) with sodium alginate (0.6 mg/ml) The diluted semen was cryopreserved in accordance with the recommended procedure, and characteristics of the Cryopreserved semen were then assessed. These characteristics included sperm viability and individual motility, as well as bacteriological tests that measured the total number of bacteria in the treatments, the total number of E. coli bacteria, and total number of Staphylococcus bacteria for both cooled and frozen semen after 2 hours, 48 hours, 2 months, and 3 months post cryopreservation Results of the study revealed A significant enhancement differences (p 0.05) for the treatments T3, T4 and T5in the percentages of Individual motility and viability in comparison to the two control groups, as well as significant reduction( P 0.05) in the total number of bacteria and the total number of E. coli and Staphylococcus bacteria for treatments T3, T4 and T5after all periods at cooling and freezing in compared with the two control groups. it is concluded from the current experiment that addition of Sodium alginate and Kojic acid as an alternative substitute for commonly used antibiotics to the semen extender has a significant role in enhancing some characteristics of the buffalo bulls’ semen and helped to reduce the microbial load to a minimum.
Study of the Chemical Properties of the Meat of some Fish Imported to Iraq
Authors: Faisal Saad Ayad , Al-Khshali Muhammed Shakir 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the validity of three species of frozen fish imported to Iraq. A comparison was made between the state of the fish (whole or fillets) for the same species, and then a comparison was made between the different species of fish, which are Seabream Sparus aurata, seabass, Dicentrarchus labrax and tuna, Tunnus alalunga by conducting some chemical tests of frozen fish samples, as the percentage of moisture, protein, fat and ash were estimated. The results showed significant differences (P < 0.05) in the moisture content of whole seabream and fillets amounted to 72.10 and 75.16%, respectively, and in seabass it amounted to 73.05 and 74.48%, while in whole tuna fish and fillets it was 75.63 and 76.16%, respectively. No significant differences were recorded in the percentage of protein for the state of fish among the three species (whole and fillets), as it reached 18.19 and 15.60% in seabream in both whole and fillet states, respectively, in seabass 17.59 and 17.10%, respectively, and in tuna fish 18.40 and 18.47% respectively. As for the percentage of fat in the whole fish and fillets of the three species, no significant differences were recorded for whole seabream and fillets, amounting to 8.23 and 7.36%, respectively, while significant differences were recorded in seabass fish between the state of whole fish and fillets, amounting to 7.72 and 6.57%, respectively, in tuna fish, 4.42 and 2.91%, respectively. The results did not record significant differences in the ash percentage of whole seabream and fillets, which amounted to 1.23 and 1.15%, respectively, 1.03 and 1.26% for seabass, respectively, while it was 1.13 and 1.62% for whole tuna and fillets, respectively. The results of the study concluded that the meat of seabream, seabass and tuna imported to Iraq is considered suitable for human consumption after undergoing standards and comparison with the specifications approved locally and internationally.
Effect of Adding Lion’s Mane Mushroom Hericium erinaceus and Reishi Mushrooms Ganoderma lucidum to Broiler Diets on some Physiological, Immunological Characteristics and Oxidation Indicators of Meat
Authors: Ahmed Al-Azzawi Reem Raad , Bandr Luma K. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Research on the effect of supplementing broiler diets with Hericium erinaceus and Ganoderma lucidum was conducted from March 22, 2022, to April 18, 2022, in the poultry field at the Department of Animal Production, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, Abu Ghraib. Productivity that really packs a punch. The experiment used 210 one-day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks with an average starting weight of 42.38 g (10 birds/replicated). After receiving starter diet for the first 10 days, the chicks switched to growth diet for the next 11-24 days. The birds were randomly assigned to one of seven treatments for the last 25-42 days, with three replicates per treatment and 10 birds in each replication. These were the experimental procedures: (T1) A diet devoid of any modifications or supplements. (T2), the basic ration supplemented with 1g/kg of feed from the lion’s mane mushroom; (T3), the basic ration supplemented with 1.5g/kg of feed from the lion’s mane mushroom; ((T4), the basic ration supplemented with 2 g/kg of the lion’s mane mushroom; (T5), the basic diet supplemented with 1 g/kg of the fungus; (T6), the basic diet Results showed a high significant increase (p0.01) for T1 treatment birds, a highly significant decrease (p≤0.01) for T6 birds, and a highly significant decrease (p0.01) for LDL in the blood of birds receiving any additional treatments. The percentage of free fatty acids (FFA) in the frozen meat of treatment T4, followed by T3, and the percentage decreased in all addition treatments compared to the control treatment T1, and the results of oxidative stress showed a highly significant decrease (p>0.01) in the concentration of MDA and P.V of broiler meat frozen 60 days for the treatments T3, T4, and T7.
Effect of Replacing Rice Impurities Instead of Wheat Bran or Barley on Rumen Bacteria and Fermentation Characteristics of Awassi Lambs
Authors: Al-Kinani Jaafar Karim , Tawfeeq Al-Ani Jamal A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis study was conducted to evaluate the effect of substitution three levels of rice impurities 0%, 50% and 100% instead of wheat bran or barley grains on digestibility and productive performance of Awassi lambs. In the morning, concentrated feed was given individually at 3% of live body weight as a dry matter basis for 56 days preceded by 14 days as an adaptation period. Roughage intake (wheat straw) was given ad-libitum (with residue) and recorded. Twenty-four male lambs aged 3-4 months with an initial weight 24.66 ± 2.81kg divided into six treatments with replacing rice impurities 0%, 50% and 100% instead of wheat bran (T1), T2, T3) or barley grains (T4, T5, T6) in a 2×3 factorial experiment/Completely Randomized Design. The results of rumen ammonia nitrogen showed no significant effect for replacing rice impurities instead of wheat bran and a decrease (P< 0.01) for barley replacement treatments at 0 time, while after 2 hours of feed, ammonia nitrogen increased for replacing rice impurities instead of barley grains (P<0.05), and after 4 hours of feeding, ammonia nitrogen decreased (P<0.01) for the replacing treatments with the superiority of barley grains replacement. The volatile fatty acids increased (P<0.05) for replacing 50% rice impurities instead of wheat bran (T2) at 0 time, while after 2 hours, increased (P<0.05) for all wheat bran replacing treatments compared to barley grains treatments (T5 and T6). After 4 hours, volatile fatty acids decreased (P<0.05) for all replacing treatments. Rumen fluid pH values showed an increase (P<0.05) for 100% relacing instead of wheat bran (T3) at 0 time, while increased after 2 hours of feeding for all substitution treatments, with no significance after 4h. Total count of rumen fluid bacteria showed an increase (P<0.05) in treatments of rice impurities replacing instead of wheat bran and barley at all times of measuring after feeding. In conclusion: It’s preferred to replace rice impurities instead of barley grain or wheat bran to achieve low-priced feed ingredients with a positive effect on rumen fermentation and bacterial count.
Effect of Breed on some Production Traits and Reproductive Traits of Local Sheep
Authors: Ahmood Al-Janabi Yasser Ammar , Habeeb Hayder Mohammed Hassan , Al-Qasimi Rahman H. H. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The current study was conducted at Khairat Al-Etihad station in the Shomali region-Babylon. Twenty-four ewes of the Awassi and Al-Krishi breeds and their mixtures were used in the study for the period from August 11, 2022 to April 23, 2023. To study the effect of the breed on some production traits such as lamb weight at birth, weaning, and body dimensions measurements. Various types such as body length, front height, rear height, chest circumference, and abdominal circumference, as well as studying some reproductive traits such as fertility rates, twins, and births in the same abdomen. The results of the current study showed that there was no significant effect of the breed on the weight of lambs at birth. As for body dimensions, the group of lambs resulting from crossbreeding sheep was significantly superior (p<0.05) in body length only to the Awassi and Kreishi lambs. respectively, The breed recorded a significant effect (p < 0.05) on the weight of lambs at weaning, as the group of lambs resulting from mixed ewes outperformed the lambs produced from Awassi and Krishi ewes, as well as in the traits of forefoot height, chest circumference, and abdominal circumference. Also, the group of mixed lambs was significantly (p<0.05) superior to the Awassi and Kreishi lambs. As for the reproductive traits studied, the breed had a significant effect on a number of reproductive traits, where the group of Awassi ewes was significantly superior at the level of (P < 0.01) over the two groups of Al-Kreishi and their mixtures in trait of the number of births, and at the level of (P < 0.05) in the two traits of the number and percentage of pregnant ewes and the fertility rate and excelled. The group of mixed ewes was significantly (P<0.01) on the two groups of Awassi and Kreishi in terms of the percentage of twins and the number of births in one litter. As for the traits of the length of pregnancy, the number of ewes born at birth, the number of births and the number of twins, the breed did not record a significant effect on it.
Adding of Different Levels of Butyric Fatty Acid in the Diets of Common Carp Cyprinus carpio L. and its Effect on Productive, Physiological and Immunological Characteristics
Authors: Alhamadany Abbas Shanshool , mohamed Mariam J. , Al-Gharawi Jassim Kassim 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The experiment was conducted for a period of 84 days in 12 plastic cages with a diameter of 50 cm and a depth of 65 cm in a cylindrical shape, in which 72 common carp Cyprinus carpio L. were randomly distributed, with an average weight of (25 ± 0.08) g/fish, on four experimental treatments, with three replications for each treatment and 6 fish. for each repeater. he fish were fed diets with a protein content of 29.14% and a total energy of 396.726 (Kcal/g). Butyric acid was added by spraying with a small sprinkler after mixing with 30 ml of distilled water for each kg of feed. The four addition ratios were B 0.00%, which was the control, B 0.05%, which was the first treatment, B 0.15%, which was the second treatment, and B 0.20%, It was the third treatment. The fish were fed three meals a day at a rate of 3% of body weight. The results of the statistical analysis showed that the treatment, B 0.15% was superior in all studied growth parameters, FW, WG, DGR, RGR, SGR, MGR, FI, FCR, FCE, and PER. Significantly (p≤0.05) was followed by the treatment B 0.05%, then the treatment B 0.20%. As for blood parameters, the treatment, B 0.15%, also excelled over the rest of the treatments, as it recorded an increase in RBC, Hp, PCV, MCV, MCH, and MCHC. Significantly (p≤0.05) was followed by treatment B 0.05%, then treatment B 0.20%. As for immunological criteria, B 0.15% excelled, followed by B 0.05%, as it excelled in WBC, TSP, and IGM. As for the hormonal aspects, the second treatment excelled in the standard of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), thyronine (T3) and thyroxin (T4), followed significantly by the first treatment and then the third treatment. In terms of liver enzymes, the results were within the normal range, although there were significant differences between the experimental treatments in the level of the studied enzymes, namely ALT, AST, and ALP. This indicates that there are no negative effects on fish with added concentrations of acid. It can be said that butyric acid can be used in diets of common carp fish due to its positive effect in many respects, especially in the growth and blood aspects.