bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clouds dissipate quickly during solar eclipses as the land surface cools
Authors: Trees Victor J. H. , de Roode Stephan R. , Wiltink Job I. , Meirink Jan Fokke , Wang Ping , Stammes Piet , Siebesma A. Pier 
Published: February 2024

AbstractClouds affected by solar eclipses could influence the reflection of sunlight back into space and might change local precipitation patterns. Satellite cloud retrievals have so far not taken into account the lunar shadow, hindering a reliable spaceborne assessment of the eclipse-induced cloud evolution. Here we use satellite cloud measurements during three solar eclipses between 2005 and 2016 that have been corrected for the partial lunar shadow together with large-eddy simulations to analyze the eclipse-induced cloud evolution. Our corrected data reveal that, over cooling land surfaces, shallow cumulus clouds start to disappear at very small solar obscurations (~15%). Our simulations explain that the cloud response was delayed and was initiated at even smaller solar obscurations. We demonstrate that neglecting the disappearance of clouds during a solar eclipse could lead to a considerable overestimation of the eclipse-related reduction of net incoming solar radiation. These findings should spur cloud model simulations of the direct consequences of sunlight-intercepting geoengineering proposals, for which our results serve as a unique benchmark.
Blind magmatism abets nonvolcanic continental rifting
Authors: Ajala Rasheed , Kolawole Folarin , Menke William 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTectonic forces alone cannot drive rifting in old and thick continental lithosphere. Geodynamic models suggest that thermal weakening is critical for lithospheric extension, yet many active rifts lack volcanism, seeming to preclude this process. We focus on one such rift, the Tanganyika-Rukwa segment of the East African Rift System, where we analyze local seismicity for shear wave anisotropy and couple the results with numerical modeling. The strongest splitting measurements are from earthquakes with paths sampling lower crustal regions of high compressional-to-shear wave velocity ratios and have fast polarization directions parallel to the local mantle flow, implying the existence of oriented melt lenses. This lower crustal magmatism and observed high surface heat flow are consistent with substantial lithospheric weakening and explain the enigmatic relief and increasing strain accommodation along the rift axis. We conclude that progressive nonvolcanic rifting is assisted by deep crustal melts yet to breach the surface.
Global high-resolution total water storage anomalies from self-supervised data assimilation using deep learning algorithms
Authors: Gou Junyang , Soja Benedikt 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTotal water storage anomalies (TWSAs) describe the variations of the terrestrial water cycle, which is essential for understanding our climate system. This study proposes a self-supervised data assimilation model with a new loss function to provide global TWSAs with a spatial resolution of 0.5°. The model combines hydrological simulations as well as measurements from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and its follow-on (GRACE-FO) satellite missions. The efficiency of the high-resolution information is proved by closing the water balance equation in small basins while preserving large-scale accuracy inherited from the GRACE(-FO) measurements. The product contributes to monitoring natural hazards locally and shows potential for better understanding the impacts of natural and anthropogenic activities on the water cycle. We anticipate our approach to be generally applicable to other TWSA data sources and the resulting products to be valuable for the geoscience community and society.
A speed‐area‐efficient hardware ECPM‐engine in GF(p) over generic Weierstrass curves
Authors: Xie Yujun , He Zhenhui , Liu Yuan , Zheng Xin , Cai Shuting , Xiong Xiaoming 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis paper proposes a 256‐bit speed‐area‐efficient hardware elliptic curve point‐multiplication engine (ECPM‐engine) in GF(p) over generic Weierstrass curves, which is optimized by a new speed‐area‐efficient radix‐64 Montgomery modular multiplication (R64MMM) and a novel Montgomery ladder scheduling. The R64MMM calls one 129‐bit adder and one (64x64+129)‐bit multiply‐accumulator (64‐129‐MAC) in parallel to make a trade‐off between speed and area. The novel Montgomery ladder scheduling is used to improve the utilization of MAC in ECPM operation. In this ECPM‐engine, both MAC utilization in R64MMM operations and R64MMM utilization in ECPM operations are close to 100%. The result shows that the proposed ECPM‐engine consumes 72k gates when the clock frequency is 714 MHz with a 90 nm standard cell library, and it computes one 256‐bit ECPM in 0.14 ms.
RAINBOW: A colorful approach to multipassband light-curve estimation
Authors: Russeil E. , Malanchev K. L. , Aleo P. D. , Ishida E. E. O. , Pruzhinskaya M. V. , Gangler E. , Lavrukhina A. D. , Volnova A. A. , Voloshina A. , Semenikhin T. , Sreejith S. , Kornilov M. V. , Korolev V. S. 
Published: February 2024

Context. Time series generated by repeatedly observing astronomical transients are generally sparse, irregularly sampled, noisy, and multidimensional (obtained through a set of broad-band filters). In order to fully exploit their scientific potential, it is necessary to use this incomplete information to estimate a continuous light-curve behavior. Traditional approaches use ad hoc functional forms to approximate the light curve in each filter independently (hereafter, the MONOCHROMATIC method).
Aims. We present RAINBOW, a physically motivated framework that enables simultaneous multiband light-curve fitting. It allows the user to construct a 2D continuous surface across wavelength and time, even when the number of observations in each filter is significantly limited.
Methods. Assuming the electromagnetic radiation emission from the transient can be approximated by a blackbody, we combined an expected temperature evolution and a parametric function describing its bolometric light curve. These three ingredients allow the information available in one passband to guide the reconstruction in the others, thus enabling a proper use of multisurvey data. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our method by applying it to simulated data from the Photometric LSST Astronomical Time-series Classification Challenge (PLAsTiCC) as well as to real data from the Young Supernova Experiment (YSE DR1).
Results. We evaluate the quality of the estimated light curves according to three different tests: goodness of fit, peak-time prediction, and ability to transfer information to machine-learning (ML) based classifiers. The results confirm that RAINBOW leads to an equivalent goodness of fit (supernovae II) or to a goodness of fit that is better by up to 75% (supernovae Ibc) than the MONOCHROMATIC approach. Similarly, the accuracy improves for all classes in our sample when the RAINBOW best-fit values are used as a parameter space in a multiclass ML classification.
Conclusions. Our approach enables a straightforward light-curve estimation for objects with observations in multiple filters and from multiple experiments. It is particularly well suited when the light-curve sampling is sparse. We demonstrate its potential for characterizing supernova-like events here, but the same approach can be used for other classes by changing the function describing the light-curve behavior and temperature representation. In the context of the upcoming large-scale sky surveys and their potential for multisurvey analysis, this represents an important milestone in the path to enable population studies of photometric transients.
Upgrading the GRAVITY fringe tracker for GRAVITY+
Authors: Nowak M. , Lacour S. , Abuter R. , Woillez J. , Dembet R. , Bordoni M. S. , Bourdarot G. , Courtney-Barrer B. , Defrère D. , Drescher A. , Eisenhauer F. , Fabricius M. , Feuchtgruber H. , Frahm R. , Garcia P. , Gillessen S. , Gopinath V. , Graf J. , Hoenig S. , Kreidberg L. , Laugier R. , Le Bouquin J. B. , Lutz D. , Mang F. , Millour F. , More N. , Morujão N. , Ott T. , Paumard T. , Perrin G. , Rau C. , Ribeiro D. C. , Shangguan J. , Shimizu T. , Soulez F. , Straubmeier C. , Widmann F. , Wolff B. 
Published: February 2024

Context.The GRAVITY beam-combiner at the Very Large Telescope Interferometer has recently made important contributions to many different fields of astronomy, from observations of the Galactic centre to the study of massive stars, young stellar objects, exoplanet atmospheres, and active galactic nuclei. These achievements were only made possible by the development of several key technologies, including the development of reliable and high-performance fringe trackers. These systems compensate for disturbances ranging from atmospheric turbulence to vibrations in the optical system, enabling long exposures and ensuring the stability of interferometric measurements.Aims.As part of the ongoing GRAVITY+ upgrade of the Very Large Telescope Interferometer infrastructure, we aim to improve the performance of the GRAVITY fringe tracker, and to enable its use by other instruments.Methods.We modified the group-delay controller to consistently maintain tracking in the white-light fringe, which is characterised by a minimum group delay. Additionally, we introduced a novel approach in which fringe-tracking is performed in the non-observable optical path length state-space using a covariance-weighted Kalman filter and an auto-regressive model of the disturbance. We outline this new state-space representation and the formalism we used to propagate the state vector and generate the control signal. While our approach is presented specifically in the context of GRAVITY/GRAVITY+, it can easily be adapted to other instruments or interfero-metric facilities.Results.We successfully demonstrate phase-delay tracking within a single fringe, with any spurious phase jumps detected and corrected in less than 100 ms. We also report a significant performance improvement, as shown by a reduction of ~30 to 40% in phase residuals, and a much better behaviour under sub-optimal atmospheric conditions. Compared to what was observed in 2019, the median residuals have decreased from 150 nm to 100 nm on the Auxiliary Telescopes and from 250 nm to 150 nm on the Unit Telescopes.Conclusions.The improved phase-delay tracking combined with white-light fringe tracking means that from now on, the GRAVITY fringe tracker can be used by other instruments operating in different wavebands. The only limitation remains the need for an adjustment of the optical path dispersion.
Smoke on the horizon: leveling up citizen and social science to motivate health protective responses during wildfires
Authors: Prince Steven E. , Muskin Sarah E. , Kramer Samantha J. , Huang ShihMing , Blakey Timothy , Rappold Ana G. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractClimate change factors and expanded population growth in the Wildland Urban Interface (transition zone between human structures and undeveloped wildland) contribute to a projected increase in wildfire frequency and smoke exposure. As an unregulated source of air pollution, reducing smoke exposure represents a difficult challenge for health risk communicators. The target audience is broad with unpredictable health impacts due to spatial and temporal variability in exposure. Beyond providing information, agencies face challenges reaching affected populations, motivating behavior change, and overcoming barriers between intentions and actions (recommended health protection). The Smoke Sense citizen science project developed a smartphone app to provide an engagement, learning, and information-sharing platform. Here we draw upon previous trends in behavioral patterns and propose a synergistic approach of citizen and behavioral science that can be applied to increase understanding of health risk and motivate new habits to reduce exposure among impacted individuals. Presentation of the approach proceeds as follows: (1) we identify several core factors that contribute to an intention-action gap, (2) identify applicable social and behavioral science principles that can bridge the gap, (3) propose explicit examples focused on theoretical principles, (4) describe small-scale user preliminary feedback and examples for monitoring and evaluating impact, and (5) provide a look to the future for collaborative citizen engagement. Current health risk communication strategies often lack consideration of behavioral factors that may enhance motivation and encourage behavior change. The proposed approach aims to leverage the strengths of citizen and social science and seeks to encourage a focused ‘digital community’ to implement new habits in the face of unpredictable and dynamic environmental threats.
A new model for residential location choice using residential trajectory data
Authors: Cui Yanzhe , Zhao Pengjun , Li Ling , Li Juan , Gong Mingyuan , Deng Yiling , Si Zihuang , Yan Shuaichen , Dang Xuewei 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTraditional residential location choice (RLC) models are based on the characteristics of location and demographics, revealing important patterns of RLC, but no RLC models have yet incorporated individual preferences. This study fills this gap by integrating the pattern of home-based travel into the RLC model. Firstly, by analysing residential trajectory data collected from Beijing and Shenzhen, we find that both residents’ commuting time, that is, time spent commuting to work, and home-based non-commuting (HBNC) time, that is, time spent on the consumption of amenities when departing from homes, follow an extreme value distribution (EVT). This indicates that, based on time budget and financial constraints, residents strive to minimise commuting time and maximise HBNC time. Subsequently, by integrating these findings into individual-level RLC analysis, we obtain an RLC model that aligns with the gravity model. Throughout the model training process, we demonstrate that the RLC model exhibits strong robustness by incorporating control variables, changing the spatial scale of the observation unit, testing for endogeneity, and considering historical RLC. Moreover, the model performs well in applications including assessing dynamic changes in RLC behaviours and making predictions based on previous travel behaviours. The RLC model in this study advances our understanding of human habitat selection behaviour and can be utilised by policymakers to develop and implement effective urban planning and epidemic management policies.
Sexualized culture on livestreaming platforms: a content analysis of Twitch.tv
Authors: Anciones-Anguita Kristel , Checa-Romero Mirian 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe Twitch.tv livestreaming platform, with 3 million daily viewers internationally, has become a space for online digital culture and entertainment. Given the current concern regarding the exposure of sexualized content on social networks and its consequences for adolescence, the objective of this study is to analyze, from a gender perspective, whether women become more sexualized than men during their livestreams. Using a content-analysis design, an ad-hoc scale was developed to analyze the frequency and intensity of sexualization based on context variables and streamers’ behavior such as clothing, posture, or evocation of a sexual act, among others. After analysis of the livestreams (n = 1920), our scale made it possible to distinguish three levels of intensity: non-sexualized, sexualized, or hypersexualized. Statistically significant evidences was found in the level of sexualization between men and women in different categories of livestreaming. The results show that women are self-sexualized more and in greater intensity than men; there are also differences in the behavior and context of their livestreams. The sexualized representation of women in the media shapes gender attitudes, dehumanizes women, and legitimizes violence against them, and so it is essential to understand the role of media platforms in self-sexualization and the consequences to show women as sexual objects, principally for young people.
Reported language choice and usage of teenage Mauritians
Authors: Bissoonauth Anu , Rando Gaetano 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This article investigates language choice and usage of teenage Mauritians and possible variations due to gender
differences. Drawing on quantitative and qualitative data from our investigation, we analyse language differences in male and
female students when interacting with peers, using social media, evaluating language preference and making future plans. The
findings reveal that teenage girls are more likely to use trilingual combinations (English, French, Kreol) in everyday
interactions with friends and on social media whereas boys tend to favour Kreol predominantly. Respondents’ language attitudes
towards English and French were influenced by academic success, opportunities for global mobility and employment. Positive
attitudes towards Kreol were associated with its role as the Mauritian native language that allows ease of communication.
Quadralingual combinations (English, French, Kreol and an Asian heritage language) were low, but preference for heritage languages
was related to one’s cultural and ancestral ties as well as career prospects.
Simulations of the correlated momentum distributions for nonsequential double ionization of neon in elliptically polarized laser fields
Authors: Chen Zhangjin , Chen Qinghua , Kang Huipeng , Morishita Toru 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We use the improved quantitative rescattering (QRS) model to simulate the experimentally measured correlated two-electron momentum distributions (CMDs) for nonsequential double ionization (NSDI) of Ne exposed to intense elliptically polarized laser pulses with a central wavelength of 788 nm at a peak intensity of 5

×

10

14

W cm−2 for the ellipticities ranging from 0 to 0.25 (Kang et al 2018 Phys. Rev. A 97 063403). Only the CMDs for recollision direct ionization are calculated and the contribution from recollision excitation with subsequent ionization is ignored. With the assumption that recollisions occur after the zero crossing of the electric field along the major polarization, the QRS model successfully reproduces the experimentally observed asymmetry pattern of electron pairs in the CMDs for NSDI of Ne under elliptical polarization. By reducing the peak intensity claimed in experiment by about 30%, good agreement is achieved between the present results and the experimental measurements.
How to enhance the polarization intensity of two-dimensional sliding ferroelectricity for hexagonal boron- or nitrogen-based binary compounds?
Authors: Xu Jinrong , Yang Ziyue , Liu Wenjing , Wang Li , Wang Ying 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In recent years, two-dimensional (2D) sliding ferroelectric (SFE) materials have received widespread attention due to their unique ferroelectric mechanism, which exists in van der Waals bilayer and multilayer systems. However, compared to traditional ferroelectric materials, their relatively weak polarization intensity and low energy barrier limit their practical applications. Here, using the first-principles calculations, we focus on hexagonal layered structures formed by group III–V elements and propose a design principle that utilizes bilayer materials composed of elements with significant differences in atomic electronegativity to address this issue. The results show that materials composed of two atoms with significant electronegativity differences can effectively increase the polarization intensity and possess moderate energy barriers. Furthermore, the polarization intensity can be effectively modulated by adjusting interlayer distance. The research findings have important significance for the exploration of other 2D SFE materials with high polarization intensity.
Viscoelasticity, stiffness gradient and their effects on adhesion of an epoxy shape memory polymer
Authors: Gong Ling , Wang Xiaojie 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The shape memory polymer based adhesives have demonstrated excellent programmable switchable adhesion, in which the material properties play an important role. Here, the viscoelasticity, stiffness gradient, and their effects on adhesion of an epoxy shape memory polymer (ESMP) were studied. The ESMP sample and polydimethylsiloxane control sample were fabricated firstly by mold casting and curing techniques. The sample was fixed on an electric heating plate with double-sided tape to conduct the adhesion measurements against a hemispherical glass indenter under different temperature and displacement conditions by using an adhesion tester and the temperature measurements on the double-sided tape and ESMP sample surfaces by using a digital thermodetector. Based on the measured force–displacement–time data, the hysteresis behavior and internal dissipation were evaluated; the peak force relaxation was studied; the reduced modulus was calculated and the stiffness gradient features were evaluated. The results show that the ESMP sample exhibits strong viscoelasticity and significantly enhanced adhesion that strongly depends on the compressive displacement in the glass-rubber transition zone near it is glass transition temperature (

T

g

), while weaker viscoelasticity and lower adhesion in the soft rubbery state. The reduced modulus of the ESMP sample obviously decreases with the increasing compressive displacement at a preset temperature below 70 °C. It is found that there exists a linear relation between the pull-off force, effective work of adhesion, reduced modulus, and contact area. This study helps deeply understand the material properties and adhesion mechanism of the ESMP, which can guide the design of switchable adhesives.
Assessment of self-healing performance of cement-based materials incorporating ion chelator and industrial wastes
Authors: Wang Ruiyang , Yu Jianying , Liu Quantao , Kuang Dongliang 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Ion chelator can enhance the self-healing of cracks and pores in concrete. To further improve the self-healing capability of cement-based materials, different industrial wastes (i.e. fly ash, limestone powder and blast furnace slag (BFS)) and ion chelator were mixed into mortar. The crack closure index, water permeability, water absorption, impermeability, compressive strength recovery and healing products of mortar were studied. The results showed that the mortar mixed with BFS and ion chelator possessed the best repair ability on cracks, the crack with a maximum width of 0.55 mm can be closed within 14 d. Meanwhile, the water permeability and water absorption of mortar incorporating ion chelator and BFS were obviously smaller than that of control mortar. After curing for 56 d, the chloride diffusion coefficient of mortar containing ion chelator and BFS was reduced by 73.7% compared with control mortar. The compressive strength recovery ratio of mortar containing ion chelator and BFS was 63.7% greater than that of control mortar after pre-loading 80% of the failure strength. In addition, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy displayed a large number of calcites at the edge of crack section in mortar containing ion chelator and BFS, the inside of crack was mainly repaired by the combined effect of calcium carbonate precipitation and hydration product.