bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recombinant hirudin regulates macrophage polarisation status through PAR-1 in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Pei Qiang , Li Zihui , Zhao Jingjing , Zhang Haixi , Qin Tao , Zhao Juan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a malignant tumour. Although some standard therapies have been established to improve the cure rate, these therapies are still ineffective in some patients. Therefore, it is meaningful to look for more novel therapeutic approaches. Macrophage polarisation is extensively involved in the process of tumour development. Recombinant hirudin (rH) affects macrophages and has been researched frequently in clinical trials lately. Our article validates the regulatory role of rH in macrophage polarisation and the regulatory pathways by collecting clinical samples and subsequently establishing a cellular model to provide a scientifically supported viewpoint for discovering new therapeutic approaches.
Method
Initially, we assessed the expression of macrophage polarisation markers, inflammatory factors and PAR-1 in clinical samples. Then, we established a cell model by co-culture and determined the degree of cell polarisation and expression of validation factors by flow cytometry, ELISA, and RT-qPCR to confirm the success of the cell model. Subsequently, different doses of rH were added to discover the function of rH on cell polarisation. Finally, we confirmed the mechanism of rH in macrophage polarisation by transfecting si-PAR-1 and pcDNA3.1-PAR-1.
Results
We found higher expression of M2 macrophage markers (CD163 + CMAF+) and PAR-1 in 30 DLBCL samples. After inducing monocyte differentiation into M0 macrophages and co-culturing with OCI-Ly10 lymphoma cells, we found a trend of these expressions in the cell model consistent with the clinical samples. Subsequently, we discovered that rH promotes the polarisation of M1 macrophages but inhibits the polarisation of M2 macrophages. Later, we also found that rH regulates macrophage polarisation through PAR-1, inhibiting cell proliferation, migration, invasion and angiogenic capacity.
Conclusion
rH inhibits macrophage polarisation towards the M2 type and regulates polarisation, proliferation, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis of DLBCL-associated macrophages through PAR-1.
sST2 augments the prognostic value of simplified risk stratification in patients with connective tissue disease-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension: a single-center retrospective study
Authors: Ye Huangshu , Sun Xiaoxuan , Ma Hong , Zhou Zhangdi , Wang Qiang , Zhou Yanli , Gu Lei , Zhang Miaojia 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
The simplified risk stratification tool from the 2018 WSPH has become widely accepted for evaluating the severity of conditions in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and plays a crucial role in guiding treatment. In this study, we aimed to explore the value of soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (sST2) in assessing the prognosis of connective tissue disease-associated PAH (CTD-PAH) patients based on simplified risk stratification.
Methods
Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 84 patients with CTD-PAH diagnosed by right heart catheterization were enrolled in this study. A retrospective chart review was completed to assess the clinical presentation and laboratory test results of the patients. The baseline risk stratification of all patients was assessed using the simplified risk stratification model proposed by the 2018 WSPH. The endpoint of the study was clinical worsening. Survival rates were evaluated using Kaplan‒Meier analysis, and differences between the groups were compared using the log-rank test.
Results
(1) Patients classified as intermediate or low risk demonstrated no difference in the event-free survival rate. (2) A sST2 concentration ≥ 35 ng/mL can predict the occurrence of clinical worsening events in low- and intermediate-risk patients. (3) The event-free survival rate was significantly lower in patients whose sST2 levels were maintained or increased to > 35 ng/mL within 1 year.
Conclusion
sST2 enhances the prognostic value of simplified risk stratification in patients with CTD-PAH, most notably in the intermediate-risk group. Furthermore, variations in sST2 levels may predict the clinical prognosis of this disease.
Phenolic Profile, Bioactive Compounds And Antioxidant Properties Of Different Dried Prunes Consumed In Algeri
Authors: Benattouche Zouaoui , Belkhodja Hamza , Bouhadi Djilali , Elouissi Abdelkader , Hariri Ahmed 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Prunes are a rich source of bioactive compounds and functional constituents that are beneficial to human health. However, the short shelf life of these fruits can be a major cause of postharvest losses especially during peak harvesting season. Drying is one of the most convenient technologies for the production of shelf stable food products. This study investigated the effect of three drying methods (solar, oven, and vacuum) on the phenolic profile, bioactive compounds and antioxidant properties of dried prune and to identify potential benifits use as a preservation method. The results showed that the solar dried prune had the highest retention of polyphenol and flavonoids compounds than oven and vacuum dried prunes. The results also showed that potassium, total-carotene content and antioxidant capacity have significant increase in oven and vacuum dried prunes in comparison with fresh plum and solar dried prune.These results findings indicate that vacuum dried prune is appropriate to maintain high free radicals scavenging compouds and to find its good conservation.
Application of a Novel Model Reduction Technique to the Assessment of Boundedness/Stability of Some Delay Time-Varying Vector Nonlinear Systems
Authors: Pinsky Mark A. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

This paper develops a new approach to the assessment of the boundedness/stability of some vector nonlinear systems with delays and variable coefficients. The approach rests on the development of scalar counterparts to the original vector systems. We show that the solutions to these scalar auxiliary nonlinear equations with delay and variable coefficients bound from the above the norms of solutions to the original equations with the matched history functions. This prompts the assessment of the boundedness/stability traits of the vector systems through the abridged evaluation of the dynamics of their scalar counterparts. The latter task is achieved in effortless simulations or through the application of simplified analytical inferences. Consequently, we convey some novel boundedness/ stability criteria and estimate the radiuses of the balls imbedded in the boundedness/stability regions. Lastly, we authenticate our inferences in representative simulations that also measure their accuracy. This prompts the evaluation of the boundedness/stability properties of nonautonomous VNDS through the assessment of dynamics of their scalar counterparts that can be triggered in effortless simulations or abridged analytical reasoning. Consequently, we derive some novel boundedness/stability criteria and estimate the radiuses of the balls that are immersed in the boundedness/stability regions of the original systems. Lastly, we authenticate the developed approach in representative simulations that also measure the accuracy of these techniques. This paper is organized as follows. The next section outlines our notation, some preliminary statements, and defines the underlined system. Section 3 ascribes the reduction technique and its applications to the evaluation of the boundedness/stability of some VNDS with variable coefficients. Section 4 presents a closed-form stability criterion. Section 5 discusses the applications of linearized auxiliary equations. Section 6 highlights the results of our simulations, and Section 7 concludes this study and outlines some directions for subsequent research.
Effect of single-radius design on in vivo kinematics during stair activities after total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Kono Kenichi , Yamazaki Takaharu , Tamaki Masashi , Isibashi Teruya , Tanaka Sakae , Tomita Tetsuya 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background: The single-radius design is one of the major total knee arthroplasty (TKA) designs and widely used all over the world. The objective of this study was to compare in vivo kinematics between the anteroposterior (AP) single-radius design with mediolateral (ML) single-radius (Non Restricted Geometry; NRG) and ML dual-radius (Triathlon) during stair activities.
Methods: A total of 21 knees in 18 patients (NRG group: 10 knees in 7 patients, Triathlon group: 11 knees in 11 patients) with a clinically successful posterior stabilized TKA were examined. Under fluoroscopic surveillance, each patient performed stair ascending and descending motions. In vivo kinematics were analyzed using 2D/3D registration technique. The knee flexion angle, rotation angle, varus-valgus angle, AP translation of the femorotibial contact point for both the medial and lateral sides of the knee, and post-cam engagement were evaluated.
Results: There were no significant differences between the two groups in rotation angle and AP translation at each flexion angle. Examining the varus-valgus angle, the NRG group showed varus position at an early flexion angle during both stair activities.
Post-cam engagement was observed in both groups during both stair activities. The mean flexion angle of engagement in the NRG group, the post of which was located anterior to the Triathlon, was larger than that in the Triathlon group during both stair activities.
Conclusion: Despite the same AP single-radius TKA, ML single-radius might affect varus motion at an early flexion angle.
Prevalence of canine hepatopathy among a clinic population fed commercial dry food: Age and Dietary factors influence the disease prevalence
Authors: Moosavian Hamidreza , Rezaei Sajad , Jamshidi Shahram , Fazli Mahsa 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background: The quality of pet food and feed management can have a pivotal role in the healthy status and the prevention of diseases in animals. The objective of this study was to explore the prevalence of hepatopathy in dogs based on the liver enzyme profile and the association between liver enzyme alterations with diet.
Results: This was a hospital-based, cross-sectional study. We analyzed the history and medical records of all dogs fed commercial dry food presented at a veterinary hospital. A complete physical examination, laboratory survey, and abdominal ultrasonography were performed on each subject. 720 dogs were included in this study. The patients consisted of 385 male dogs (53.5%) and 335 female dogs (46.5%) and the mean age ± SE was 5.92 ± 0.18 years (range, 1 to 17). The overall prevalence of hepatopathy in all dogs fed commercial dry food was 23.8%, 8.3%, and 3.7% based on the mild, moderate, and marked liver enzyme activity elevation (ALT and/or GGT), respectively and statistical analysis exhibited that the factors significantly related to hepatopathy were increasing age and diet type. A significant relationship was observed between age and ALT (Odd ratio: 1.121, CI: 1.064-1.181) and GGT (Odd ratio: 1.056, CI: 1.008-1.105). There was a significant relationship between commercial food brands and some biochemical factors including ALT, AST, GGT, ALP, Chol, and total bilirubin.
Conclusion: In summary, our findings suggest that hepatopathy in dogs appears to be more common than previously thought, and aging and type of diet are risk factors for liver disease in dogs. Therefore, using good-quality diets will likely play an essential role in preventing liver disorders in dogs.
Effects of heat stresses on fitness of three commercial predatory mites
Authors: Hao Xuemin , Wang Endong , Yan Hong , Zhao Peipei , Sheng Fujing , Ren Qin , Liu Meike , Zhang Bo , Xu Xuenong 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

To explore the performances of predatory mites under high temperature, we selected three predatory mites Amblyseius orientalis, Neoseiulus californicus and Neoseiulus barkeri to investigate the survival rate, development duration and fecundity after their eggs and female adults were treated with high temperatures. The results showed that both eggs and adults of N. barkeri were most tolerant to heat stress than N. californicus and A. orientalis. After heat treatment of 39°C on egg, three predatory mites all presented shorter developmental period and longevity as well as lower fecundity. The oviposition period of N. californicus was shortened by nearly 50% and the total egg production of A. orientalis decreased by about 40%. However, the N. barkeri was the least affected by high temperature with its fecundity reduced by only 30%. The short-term high temperature treatment at adult stage also had negative effect on the oviposition period and longevity. The oviposition period of A. orientalis was reduced from 18.26 days to 3.82 days at 39℃, and 100% mortality occurred at 40°C. The longevity of N. californicus and N. barkeri suffered at 40℃ was shortened by about 50%. Our study confirmed that N. barkeri is tolerant to high temperatures at some extent, while A. orientalis is more heat sensitive in either two life stage. In sum, the understanding of the heat resistance of commercial predatory mites can improve the better application of biocontrol agents when selecting mite species for pest mite control in the field.
Nanoceria Anti-inflammatory and Antimicrobial Nanodrug: Cellular and Molecular Mechanism of Action
Authors: Gomes-da-Silva Natalia Cristina , Correa Luana Barbosa , Gonzalez M. MartInez , Silva Franca Alefe Roger , Alencar Luciana M.R , Rosas Elaine Cruz , Ricci-Junior Eduardo , Aguiar Tawanny Kayonara Borges , Noronha Souza Pedro Filho , Santos-Oliveira Ralph 
Published: January 2024

Introduction:
Nanoceria is a well-known nanomaterial with various properties, including
antioxidant, proangiogenic, and therapeutic effects. Despite its potential, there are still aspects
that require further exploration, particularly its anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities.

Methods:
The global demand for novel anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial drugs underscores
the significance of understanding nanoceria in both contexts. In this study, we evaluated the effect
of nanoceria on macrophage polarization to better understand its anti-inflammatory effects. Additionally,
we investigated the mechanism of action of nanoceria against Cryptococcus neoformans
(ATCC 32045), Candida parapsilosis (ATCC 22019), Candida krusei (ATCC 6258), and Candida
albicans.

Results:
The results demonstrated that nanoceria can polarize macrophages toward an anti-inflammatory
profile, revealing the cellular mechanisms involved in the anti-inflammatory response.
Concerning the antimicrobial effect, it was observed that nanoceria have a more pronounced impact
on Candida parapsilosis, leading to the formation of pronounced pores on the surface of this
species.

Conclusion:
Finally, biochemical analysis revealed transitory alterations, mainly in liver enzymes.
The data support the use of nanoceria as a potential anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial
drug and elucidate some of the mechanisms involved, shedding light on the properties of this nanodrug.
Enzyme Cocktails Catalyzed Bioconversion of Lignocellulosic Biomass into
Bioethanol
Authors: Dai Tianlun , Huang Jinshu , Wu Hongguo , Li Hu 
Published: January 2024

Abstract:
Sustainable production of biofuels from lignocellulosic biomass (LBM) is considered
one of the promising solutions to solve the current energy crisis caused by overreliance
on fossil fuels. Enzymatic hydrolysis is a crucial step in determining the efficient
conversion of biomass cellulose into biofuels as well as high value-added chemicals, and
it has the characteristics of efficient reaction, economy, and environmental friendliness.
With the advancement of enzyme engineering technology, enzymes have been endowed
with more functions, such as mixed substrate utilization, inhibitor resistance and specific
metabolism, called enzyme cocktails. This Paper introduces the typical procedure of enzymatic
hydrolysis of LBM and discusses their applications in hybrid LBM hydrolysis. In
addition, the challenges of enzymatic LBM hydrolysis and possible development directions
are outlined to guide integrated enzymatic strategies in biorefinery processes.
The Search for Antidotes Against Ricin
Authors: Botelho Fernanda Diniz , Franca Tanos Celmar Costa , LaPlante Steven R. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract:
The castor plant (Ricinus communis) is primarily known for its seeds, which contain a
unique fatty acid called ricinoleic acid with several industrial and commercial applications. Castor
seeds also contain ricin, a toxin considered a chemical and biological warfare agent. Despite years
of investigation, there is still no effective antidote or vaccine available. However, some progress has
been made, and the development of an effective treatment may be on the horizon. To provide an
updated overview of this issue, we have conducted a comprehensive review of the literature on the
current state of research in the fight against ricin. This review is based on the reported research and
aims to address the challenges faced by researchers, as well as highlight the most successful cases
achieved thus far. Our goal is to encourage the scientific community to continue their efforts in this
critical search.
The Impact of Polypill on Adherence and Cardiovascular Outcomes:
A Comprehensive Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis
Authors: Salim Hamza , Musmar Basel , Saifi Motaz , Ayyad Mohammed , Ruzieh Mohammed , Azar Jehad , Nazzal Zaher 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a leading cause of morbidity
and mortality worldwide. Polypills, containing various combinations of medications for primary
and secondary CVD prevention, have been developed to enhance medication adherence and reduce the healthcare burden of CVD. However, their effectiveness compared to usual care remains uncertain.

Objective:
This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of polypills on cardiovascular risk
factors, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), and medication adherence.

Methods:
We conducted a comprehensive search for large-scale randomized controlled trials
and observational studies comparing the effects of polypills versus usual care on CVD risk factors and events. Outcomes included changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP,
DBP), lipid profiles, occurrence of MACE, and medication adherence.

Results:
The use of polypills led to a statistically significant yet clinically modest reduction in
SBP (mean difference -1.47 mmHg, 95% CI: -2.50 - -0.44, p<0.01) and DBP (mean difference1.10 mmHg, 95% CI: -1.68 - -0.51, p< 0.01) compared to usual care. Polypills also showed a
significant reduction in the risk of MACE (RR: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.77 -0.95, p<0.01). There was a
non-significant reduction in LDL and HDL levels. Adherence to medication improved by up to
17% in polypill users compared to those on usual care (p < 0.01). A multivariable metaregression analysis suggested that adherence may be the underlying factor responsible for the
observed effect of the polypills on blood pressure.

Conclusion:
Polypills were found to significantly reduce SBP, DBP and MACE. An improvement in medication adherence was also observed among polypill users, which might be responsible for the significant reduction in SBP observed users. Future research might benefit from exploring a more personalized approach to the composition of polypills, which could reveal a more
clinically significant impact of increased adherence on CVD outcomes.
Effects of Calamintha incana (Sm.) Helder Ethanolic Extract on the mRNA
Expression of Drug-metabolizing cyp450s in the Mouse Livers
Authors: Althaher Arwa R. , Jarrar Yazun , Al-Ibadah Mahmood Ayad , Balasmeh Ruba , Jarrar Qais , Abulebdah Dina 
Published: January 2024

Background::
Alteration in the expression and activity of drug-metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) can alter the pharmacokinetics and hence the response of the drug. Some chemicals found in herbs and fruits affect the expression of DMEs. Calamintha incana is commonly used in Middle Eastern Arabic countries. There is no report regarding the influence of Calamintha incana on the hepatic expression of DMEs.

Aims::
The current investigation aimed to investigate the effect of Calamintha incana consump-tion on the mRNA expression of major hepatic drug-metabolizing cytochrome (cyp) P450 genes in mice.

Methods::
The chemical composition of the ethanoic extract was analyzed using liquid chroma-tography/mass spectrometry. Then, 21 BALB/c mice were used for the in vivo experiment. The mice were divided into three groups, each consisting of seven mice. The first group (low-dose group) was treated with 41.6 mg/kg of Calamintha incana extract and the second group was administered the high-dose (125 mg/kg) of the extract for one month. The mice in the third “con-trol” group administrated the vehicle 20% polyethylene glycol 200. Then, the expression of cyp3a11, cyp2c29, cyp2d9, and cyp1a1 was analyzed using the real-time polymerase chain reac-tion. The relative liver weights of the mice and the hepatic pathohistological alterations were assessed.

Results::
The ethanolic extract of Calamintha incana contained 27 phytochemical compounds. The most abundant compounds were linolenic acid, myristic acid, and p-cymene. It was found that the low dose of Calamintha incana extract upregulated significantly (P < 0.05) the expres-sion of cyp3a11 by more than ten folds in the liver of treated mice. Furthermore, the histological analysis showed that low- and high-dose administration of the C. incana did not cause patholog-ical alterations.

Conclusion::
It can be concluded from these findings that consumption of low doses of Cala-mintha incana upregulated the mRNA expression of mouse cyp3a11 without causing histopatho-logical alterations in the livers. Further studies are needed to determine the influence of Cala-mintha incana on the pharmacokinetics and response of drugs metabolized by cyp3a11.