bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Prednisolone Treatment on Cytokine Expression in Patients with Leprosy Type 1 Reactions
Authors: Andersson Anna K. , Chaduvula MeherVani , Atkinson Sara E. , Khanolkar-Young Saroj , Jain Suman , Suneetha Lavanya , Suneetha Sujai , Lockwood Diana N. J. 
Published: May 2005

ABSTRACTLeprosy type 1 reactions (T1R) are due to increased cell-mediated immunity and result in localized tissue damage. The anti-inflammatory drug prednisolone is used for treatment, but there is little good in vivo data on the molecular actions of prednisolone. We investigated the effect of prednisolone treatment on tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-10, and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) mRNA and protein expression in blood and skin biopsies from 30 patients with T1R in India. After 1 month of prednisolone treatment the sizes of the skin granulomas were reduced, as were the grades of cells positive for TNF-α and IL-10 in skin lesions. Increased production of TGF-β1 was seen in skin lesions after 6 months of prednisolone treatment. Expression of mRNA for TNF-α, IL-1β, and TGF-β1 was reduced, whereas no change in IL-10 mRNA expression was detected during treatment. The circulating cytokine profiles were similar in patients with and without T1R, and prednisolone treatment had no detectable effects on cytokine expression in the blood. The data emphasize the compartmentalization of pathology in T1R and the importance of the immune response in the skin. Clinical improvement and cytokine expression were compared. Surprisingly, patients with improved skin and nerve function and patients with nonimproved skin and nerve function had similar cytokine profiles, suggesting that clinical improvement is not directly mediated by the cytokines studied here. This in vivo well-controlled study of the immunosuppressive effects of prednisolone showed that the drug does not switch off cytokine responses effectively.
Protein Microarray for Profiling Antibody Responses to
Yersinia pestis
Live Vaccine
Authors: Li Bei , Jiang Lingxiao , Song Qifeng , Yang Junxin , Chen Zeliang , Guo Zhaobiao , Zhou Dongsheng , Du Zongmin , Song Yajun , Wang Jin , Wang Hongxia , Yu Shouyi , Wang Jian , Yang Ruifu 
Published: May 2005

ABSTRACT

A protein microarray representing 149
Yersinia pestis
proteins was developed to profile antibody responses in EV76-immunized rabbits. Antibodies to 50 proteins were detected. There are 11 proteins besides F1 and V antigens to which the predominant antibody response occurred, and these proteins show promise for further evaluation as candidates for subunit vaccines and/or diagnostic antigens.
Deletion of the Ferric Uptake Regulator Fur Impairs the In Vitro Growth and Virulence of
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
Authors: Jacobsen Ilse , Gerstenberger Jörg , Gruber Achim D. , Bossé Janine T. , Langford Paul R. , Hennig-Pauka Isabel , Meens Jochen , Gerlach Gerald-F. 
Published: May 2005

ABSTRACT

In order to investigate the role of the ferric uptake regulator Fur in the porcine lung pathogen
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
, we constructed an isogenic in-frame deletion mutant,
A. pleuropneumoniae
Δ
fur
. This mutant showed constitutive expression of transferrin-binding proteins, growth deficiencies in vitro, and reduced virulence in an aerosol infection model.
Endogenous Interleukin-6 Plays a Crucial Protective Role in Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome via Suppression of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Production
Authors: Diao Hongyan , Kohanawa Masashi 
Published: May 2005

ABSTRACTDuring aStreptococcus pyogenesinfection in interleukin-6 (IL-6)-deficient mice, there is elevation of serum tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels, muscular necrosis, and death compared with infection of C57BL/6 mice. Anti-TNF-α monoclonal antibody treatment decreased mortality and muscular necrosis in the infected IL-6-deficient mice. These results suggest that IL-6 plays a crucial protective role via suppression of TNF-α production inS. pyogenesinfection.
Genetic Basis for Conversion of Rough-to-Smooth Colony Morphology in
Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans
Authors: Wang Ying , Liu Amy , Chen Casey 
Published: May 2005

ABSTRACT

The basis of the rough-to-smooth conversion of
Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans
was examined. Smooth variants often contained mutations at the
flp
promoter region. Replacing the mutated
flp
promoter with the wild-type promoter restored the rough phenotype. The expression level of the
flp
promoter was ∼100-fold lower in smooth than in rough strains. Mutations of the
flp
promoter are a cause of the rough-to-smooth conversion.
Responses of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
to Growth in the Mouse Lung
Authors: Dubnau Eugenie , Chan John , Mohan V. P. , Smith Issar 
Published: May 2005

ABSTRACT

Using a promoter trap, we have identified 56
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
genes preferentially expressed in the mouse lung. Quantitative real-time PCR showed that RNA levels of several genes were higher from bacteria growing in mouse lungs than from broth cultures. These results support the current hypothesis that
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
utilizes fatty acids as a carbon source in the mouse lung.
Genetic and Functional Analyses of the
Actinobacillus
actinomycetemcomitans
AfeABCD Siderophore-Independent Iron Acquisition System
Authors: Rhodes Eric R. , Tomaras Andrew P. , McGillivary Glen , Connerly Pamela L. , Actis Luis A. 
Published: May 2005

ABSTRACT

The
Actinobacillus
actinomycetemcomitans
afeABCD
iron transport system, the expression of which is controlled by iron and Fur, was identified in three different isolates. The protein products of this locus are related to bacterial ABC transporters involved in metal transport. Transformation of the
Escherichia
coli
1017 iron acquisition mutant with a plasmid harboring
afeABCD
promoted cell growth under iron-chelated conditions. However, insertion disruption of each of the
afeABCD
coding regions abolished this growth-relieving effect. The replacement of the parental
afeA
allele with the derivative
afeA
::EZ::TN<KAN-2> drastically reduced the ability of
A. actinomycetemcomitans
cells to grow under iron-chelated conditions.
Effect of Anaerobiosis and Nitrate on Gene Expression in
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Filiatrault M. J. , Wagner V. E. , Bushnell D. , Haidaris C. G. , Iglewski B. H. , Passador L. 
Published: May 2005

ABSTRACT

DNA microarrays were used to examine the transcriptional response of
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
to anaerobiosis and nitrate. In response to anaerobic growth, 691 transcripts were differentially expressed. Comparisons of
P. aeruginosa
grown aerobically in the presence or the absence of nitrate showed differential expression of greater than 900 transcripts.
Involvement of Sortase Anchoring of Cell Wall Proteins in Biofilm Formation by
Streptococcus
mutans
Authors: Lévesque Céline M. , Voronejskaia Elena , Huang Yi-Chen Cathy , Mair Richard W. , Ellen Richard P. , Cvitkovitch Dennis G. 
Published: May 2005

ABSTRACT

Streptococcus
mutans
is one of the best-known biofilm-forming organisms associated with humans. We investigated the role of the sortase gene (
srtA
) in monospecies biofilm formation and observed that inactivation of
srtA
caused a decrease in biofilm formation. Genes encoding three putative sortase-dependent proteins were also found to be up-regulated in biofilms versus planktonic cells and mutations in these genes resulted in reduced biofilm biomass.
Expression Cloning of Gamma Interferon-Inducing Antigens ofMycobacteriumaviumsubsp.paratuberculosis
Authors: Nagata Reiko , Muneta Yoshihiro , Yoshihara Kazuhiro , Yokomizo Yuichi , Mori Yasuyuki 
Published: May 2005

ABSTRACTThree recombinant proteins, Map10, Map39, and Map41, produced based on nucleotide sequences obtained from the screening ofMycobacteriumaviumsubsp.paratuberculosisgenomic library expressed inEscherichiacolisignificantly elicited gamma interferon production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from infected cattle. Two of these proteins were members of the PPE protein family.
Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Reduces the Growth of VirulentMycobacterium tuberculosisin Human Macrophages
Authors: Oddo Mauro , Calandra Thierry , Bucala Richard , Meylan Pascal R. A. 
Published: May 2005

ABSTRACTMacrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a key mediator of the innate immune system and plays a crucial role in the host response to bacterial infections. Its role in immunity to intracellular pathogens has not been well studied. Here, we show that MIF released by infected human macrophages inhibits the growth of virulentMycobacterium tuberculosis.
Recombinant Cysteine Proteinase fromLeishmania (Leishmania) chagasiImplicated in Human and Dog T-Cell Responses
Authors: da Costa Pinheiro Paulo Henrique , de Souza Dias Suzana , Eulálio Kelsen Dantas , Mendonça Ivete L. , Katz Simone , Barbiéri Clara Lúcia 
Published: May 2005

ABSTRACTHigh in vitro lymphoproliferative responses were induced in humans and dogs by a recombinantLeishmania(Leishmania)chagasicysteine proteinase, with secretion of IFN-γ in asymptomatic subjects or of IFN-γ, interleukin 4 (IL-4), and IL-10 in oligosymptomatic subjects. In contrast, responses of symptomatic patients and dogs were lower, with production of IL-4 and IL-10.
Entamoeba histolytica
-Secreted Products Degrade Colonic Mucin Oligosaccharides
Authors: Moncada Darcy , Keller Kathy , Chadee Kris 
Published: May 2005

ABSTRACT

Degradation of the mucus layer by
Entamoeba histolytica
is a prerequisite for invasion of the colonic mucosa. In this study, we demonstrate that amoeba-secreted products degrade
3
H-labeled and native colonic mucin oligosaccharides independently of proteolytic activity. We conclude that
E. histolytica
degrades mucin oligosaccharides, which may facilitate parasite invasion of the colon.
Genomic Comparison of
cag
Pathogenicity Island (PAI)-Positive and -Negative
Helicobacter pylori
Strains: Identification of Novel Markers for
cag
PAI-Positive Strains
Authors: Terry Courtney E. , McGinnis Lisa M. , Madigan Katharine C. , Cao Ping , Cover Timothy L. , Liechti George W. , Peek Richard M. , Forsyth Mark H. 
Published: May 2005

ABSTRACT

In an analysis of
Helicobacter pylori
genomic DNA by macroarray methodology, genomic DNA from a panel of
cag
pathogenicity island (PAI)-negative
H. pylori
clinical isolates failed to hybridize with 27 genes located outside the
cag
PAI in a
cag
PAI-positive reference strain. PCR analyses confirmed that HP0217 (encoding a lipopolysaccharide biosynthetic protein) and HP1079 (encoding a protein of unknown function) were present significantly more frequently in
cagA
-positive strains than in
cagA
-negative strains. A low G+C content of these two genes suggests they were acquired by horizontal transfer events.
Combining Suppression Subtractive Hybridization and Microarrays To Map the Intraspecies Phylogeny of
Flavobacterium
psychrophilum
Authors: Soule Marilyn , Cain Kenneth , LaFrentz Stacey , Call Douglas R. 
Published: May 2005

ABSTRACT

Reciprocal subtractive libraries were prepared for two strains of
Flavobacterium
psychrophilum
, one virulent and the other avirulent in a trout challenge model. Unique clones were sequenced and their distribution assessed among 34 strains. The analysis showed that
F. psychrophilum
is composed of two genetic lineages, possibly reflecting host specificity.
Contribution of Nitric Oxide to CpG-Mediated Protection againstListeria monocytogenes
Authors: Ito Shuichi , Ishii Ken J. , Ihata Atsushi , Klinman Dennis M. 
Published: May 2005

ABSTRACTImmunostimulatory CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) improve host resistance to listeriae. CpG ODN trigger immune cells to produce gamma interferon and “prime” host cells to secrete nitric oxide in response to bacterial exposure. CpG treatment does not protect inducible nitric oxide synthase 2 knockout mice, indicating that NO is critical to CpG-mediated protection against listeriae.
A
rot
Mutation Restores Parental Virulence to an
agr
-Null
Staphylococcus aureus
Strain in a Rabbit Model of Endocarditis
Authors: McNamara Peter J. , Bayer Arnold S. 
Published: May 2005

ABSTRACT

Mutations in
rot
restore in vitro toxin production to
agr
-negative strains of
Staphylococcus aureus
. We show that a
rot
mutation returns wild-type virulence to an
agr
mutant, as measured in experimental endocarditis infections by target organ bacterial counts. Implications of our data are discussed in terms of
agr
antagonist strategies.
Boosting with Poxviruses Enhances
Mycobacterium bovis
BCG Efficacy against Tuberculosis in Guinea Pigs
Authors: Williams A. , Goonetilleke N. P. , McShane H. , Clark Simon O. , Hatch Graham , Gilbert S. C. , Hill A. V. S. 
Published: May 2005

ABSTRACT

Tuberculosis is rising in the developing world due to poor health care, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection, and the low protective efficacy of the
Mycobacterium bovis
BCG vaccine. A new vaccination strategy that could protect adults in the developing world from tuberculosis could have a huge impact on public health. We show that BCG boosted by poxviruses expressing antigen 85A induced unprecedented 100% protection of guinea pigs from high-dose aerosol challenge with
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
, suggesting a strategy for enhancing and prolonging the efficacy of BCG.
Immunological Evaluation and Cellular Location Analysis of the TprI Antigen ofTreponema pallidumsubsp.pallidum
Authors: Giacani Lorenzo , Sambri Vittorio , Marangoni Antonella , Cavrini Francesca , Storni Elisa , Donati Manuela , Corona Silvia , Lanzarini Paolo , Cevenini Roberto 
Published: May 2005

ABSTRACTThe TprI antigen ofTreponema pallidumsubsp.pallidumis a putative virulence factor predicted to be located in the outer membrane of the syphilis spirochete. In this study, we analyzed the immune response against TprI and its subunits in sera collected both from rabbits experimentally infected with the Nichols strain and from patients with syphilis, showing a different pattern of reactivity toward the antigen in these two groups of samples. The protective ability of recombinant TprI and its hypothetical outer membrane location were also investigated. Although no rabbit was protected after challenge, immunoelectron microscopy results, to be further investigated, were compatible with the outer membrane location of the antigen.
CD4+T Cells Play a Dominant Role in Protection against New World Leishmaniasis Induced by Vaccination with the P-4 Amastigote Antigen
Authors: Kar Sujata , Metz Christine , McMahon-Pratt Diane 
Published: May 2005

ABSTRACTImmunodepletion studies of P-4-vaccinated mice indicate that CD4+and not CD8+T cells are critical for protection againstLeishmania pifanoi(Leishmania mexicanacomplex). Although a moderate CD8+T-cell response is elicited by vaccination, CD4+T cells are the dominant responding population in vitro and at the cutaneous site of infection. These protective T cells produce gamma interferon (IFN-γ), macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), and tumor necrosis factor/lymphotoxin (TNF/LT), each of which significantly contributed to intracellular parasite destruction in vitro. These results indicate that a singular CD4+T-cell response (IFN-γ, MIF, and/or LT/TNF) can provide protection against New World cutaneous leishmaniasis.
An Apolipoprotein(a) Peptide Delays Chylomicron Remnant Clearance and Increases Plasma Remnant Lipoproteins and Atherosclerosis In Vivo
Authors: Devlin Cecilia M. , Lee Sung-Joon , Kuriakose George , Spencer Craig , Becker Lev , Grosskopf Itamar , Ko Carol , Huang Li-Shin , Koschinsky Marlys L. , Cooper Allen D. , Tabas Ira 
Published: May 2005

Objective—Humans with high expression of apolipoprotein(a) [apo(a)] and high plasma levels of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] are at increased risk for atherosclerosis, but the mechanism is not known. We have previously shown that the KIV5–8domain of apo(a) has unique cell-surface binding properties, and naturally occurring fragments of apo(a) encompassing this domain are thought to be atherogenic in humans. To investigate the effect of KIV5–8on lipoprotein metabolism and atherosclerosis in vivo, we created several independent lines of liver-targeted KIV5–8transgenic mice.Methods and Results—The transgenic mice have plasma apo(a) peptide concentrations that are similar to Lp(a) concentrations in humans at risk for coronary artery disease. Remarkably, the transgenic mice had a 2- to 4-fold increase in cholesterol-rich remnant lipoproteins (RLPs) when fed a cholesterol-rich diet, and a 5- to 20-fold increase in atherosclerosis lesion area in the aortic root. Using an in vivo clearance study, we found only slight differences in the triglyceride and apolipoprotein B secretion rates between the 2 groups of mice, suggesting an RLP clearance defect. Using an isolated perfused mouse liver system, we showed that transgenic livers had a slower rate of RLP removal, which was retarded further when KIV5–8, full-length apo(a), or Lp(a) were added to the perfusate. An apo(a) peptide that does not interact with cells, K(IV2)3, did not retard RLP removal, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) had a much smaller effect than Lp(a).Conclusions—We propose that high levels of apo(a)/Lp(a), perhaps acting via a specific cell-surface binding domain, inhibit hepatic clearance of remnants, leading to high plasma levels of RLPs and markedly enhanced atherosclerosis. We speculate that the KIV5–8region of apo(a) competes with one or more receptors for remnant clearance in the liver and that this process may represent one mechanism accounting for increased atherosclerosis in humans with high secretion levels of apo(a).
Auf die Schiffe, ihr Pädagogen! Ein einführender Textkommentar zu Nietzsches Aphorismensammlung Die fröhliche Wissenschaft
Authors: Niemeyer Christian 
Published: May 2005

AbstractNot only does Nietzsche anticipate the doctrine of the Eternal Recurrence and the diagnosis of God's death in his collection of aphorisms "The Gay Science" (1882), but he also suggests what is later exposed more explicitly in Beyond Good and Evil (1886) and in "On the Genealogy of Morals" (1887): the project of an anti-metaphysical human science with a strong psychological focus and the task for 'new philosophers' to discover and reclaim 'another world' of knowledge and life. In this respect, "The Gay Science" has not been paid adequate attention and has been underestimated so far, in particular by German-speaking educationalists.
Rainfall Estimation with a Polarimetric Prototype of WSR-88D
Authors: Ryzhkov Alexander V. , Giangrande Scott E. , Schuur Terry J. 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
As part of the Joint Polarization Experiment (JPOLE), the National Severe Storms Laboratory conducted an operational demonstration of the polarimetric utility of the Norman, Oklahoma (KOUN), Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D). The capability of the KOUN radar to estimate rainfall is tested on a large dataset representing different seasons and different types of rain. A dense gauge network—the Agricultural Research Service (ARS) Micronet—is used to validate different polarimetric algorithms for rainfall estimation. One-hour rain totals are estimated from the KOUN radar using conventional and polarimetric algorithms and are compared with hourly accumulations measured by the gauges. Both point and areal rain estimates are examined. A new “synthetic” rainfall algorithm has been developed for rainfall estimation. The use of the synthetic polarimetric algorithm results in significant reduction in the rms errors of hourly rain estimates when compared with the conventional nonpolarimetric relation: 1.7 times for point measurements and 3.7 times for areal rainfall measurements.
Small peptide inhibitors of the CXCR4 chemokine receptor (CD184) antagonize the activation, migration, and antiapoptotic responses of CXCL12 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia B cells
Authors: Burger Meike , Hartmann Tanja , Krome Myriam , Rawluk Justyna , Tamamura Hirokazu , Fujii Nobutaka , Kipps Thomas J. , Burger Jan A. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractGrowth and survival of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) B cells are favored by interactions between CLL and nontumoral accessory cells. CLL cells express CXCR4 chemokine receptors that direct leukemia cell chemotaxis. Marrow stromal cells or nurselike cells constitutively secrete CXCL12, the ligand for CXCR4, thereby attracting and rescuing CLL B cells from apoptosis in a contact-dependent fashion. Therefore, the CXCR4-CXCL12 axis represents a potential therapeutic target in CLL. We evaluated the most active CXCR4-specific antagonists (T140, TC14012, TN14003) for their capacity to inhibit CXCL12 responses in CLL cells. T140, or its analogs, inhibited actin polymerization, chemotaxis, and migration of CLL cells beneath stromal cells. CXCL12-induced phosphorylation of p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) was abolished by CXCR4 antagonists. TC14012 and TN14003 antagonized the antiapoptotic effect of synthetic CXCL12 and stromal cell-mediated protection of CLL cells from spontaneous apoptosis. Furthermore, we found that stromal cells protected CLL cells from chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. Treatment with CXCR4 antagonists resensitized CLL cells cultured with stromal cells to fludarabine-induced apoptosis. These findings demonstrate that CXCR4 blocking agents effectively antagonize CXCL12-induced migratory and signaling responses and stromal protection of CLL cells from spontaneous or fludarabine-induced apoptosis. As such, small molecular CXCR4 antagonists may have activity in the treatment of patients with this disease. (Blood. 2005;106:1824-1830)
Gene expression and thioguanine nucleotide disposition in acute lymphoblastic leukemia after in vivo mercaptopurine treatment
Authors: Zaza Gianluigi , Cheok Meyling , Yang Wenjian , Panetta John C. , Pui Ching-Hon , Relling Mary V. , Evans William E. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractTo elucidate interpatient variability in thioguanine nucleotide (TGN) concentrations in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells, we determined the TGN concentrations in leukemic blasts from 82 children with newly diagnosed ALL after intravenous administration of mercaptopurine (MP). Patients treated with MP alone achieved higher TGN concentrations than those treated with the combination of methotrexate plus mercaptopurine (MTX + MP). Analysis of the expression of approximately 9600 genes in ALL cells obtained at diagnosis identified 60 gene probes significantly associated with TGN accumulation in patients treated with MP alone and 75 gene probes in patients treated with MTX + MP, with no overlap between the 2 sets of genes. Genes significantly associated with intracellular TGN accumulation after MP alone included those encoding MP metabolic enzymes and transporters (eg, SLC29A1). Inhibition of SLC29A1 by nitrobenzylmercaptopurine ribonucleoside (NBMPR) caused a 33% to 45% reduction of TGN in ALL cells in vitro (P &lt; .006), consistent with the gene expression findings. Genes associated with TGN concentration after combination therapy included those involved in protein and adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-biosynthesis. Together, these in vivo and in vitro data provide new insight into the genomic basis of interpatient differences in intracellular TGN accumulation and reveal significant differences between treatment with MP alone and treatment with MP and MTX. (Blood. 2005;106:1778-1785)