bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lifestyle changes after cancer treatment in patients and their partners: a qualitative study
Authors: Tuinman Marrit Annika , Nuver Janine , De Boer Anke , Looijmans Anne , Hagedoorn Mariët 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Purpose Oncologists nowadays promote healthy lifestyle choices more often, but the question is whether this is enough to establish actual change. As patients will have to achieve a healthy lifestyle at home in daily life, it is important to understand barriers and facilitators for lifestyle change of both patients and their partners.
Methods A qualitative interview study was done among patients who received chemotherapy for testicular (n = 10) or breast cancer (n=7) and their partners (n=17). The interview focused on how much they remembered of the lifestyle advice given in hospital, whether and what they had adapted since diagnosis, and what they deemed as facilitators and barriers in maintaining lifestyle change.
Results showed that many patients and partners recalled that some advice was given in hospital, but experienced this as too general and only at start of treatment. Social contacts and the entire cancer experience helped facilitate change, but were also seen as barriers. Other barriers were: not considering healthy behaviors a priority, or experiencing unhealthy choices as something nice after a trying time.
Conclusions Oncologists and hospitals that provide lifestyle advice should provide cancer- and person specific lifestyle advice, should offer this advice repeatedly into survivorship, and include the partner, as they are dedicated to improving lifestyle as well.
Implication for cancer survivors Staying healthy after cancer is important to both patients and their partners, and both experience their own facilitators and barriers to achieve this. Seeing a healthy lifestyle as a joint goal might facilitate change.
Organic tunnel field-effect transistors
Authors: Zhang Xiaohong , Deng Wei , Lu Zhengjun , Zhang Yujian , Zhang Xiujuan , Qiu Fengquan , Wang Yongji , Jiang Haoyu , Ren Xiaobin , Wu Yiming , Chen Xian-Kai , Jie Jiansheng 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The much sought after intrinsically flexible organic transistors are poised to become a central ingredient in the development of wearable technologies and bioelectronics1-3. A paramount requisite for these applications lies in achieving high signal amplification at low power. However, despite extensive endeavors, the improvement of signal amplification efficiency in organic transistors has been constrained by the Boltzmann thermionic limit in subthreshold swing (SS) so far1,3-5. Here, by developing a molecule-assisted interface decoupling strategy, we break the Boltzmann’s tyranny in organic transistors and realize the first case of organic tunnel field-effect transistors (OTFETs). In the OTFETs, a high-ionization-energy molecular layer is decorated at metal oxide and organic semiconductor heterojunction interface to minimize interfacial gap states and reduce tunneling barrier, thus enabling the occurrence of band-to-band tunneling at a low supply voltage. Therefore, the OTFETs exhibit subthermionic SS of 35.2 ± 7.6 millivolts per decade and record-high signal amplification efficiency of 68.4 ± 14.7 siemens per ampere, which leads to voltage gain of the flexible circuit over 537 at ultralow power consumption of <0.8 nanowatt. This work opens a fire-new device concept for high-performance and low-power organic transistors, paving the way for energy-efficient flexible and wearable electronics.
Research on echo signal processing of ground penetrating radar in TBM tunneling tunnel
Authors: Lu Gao-ming , Ma Yan , Zhang Qian , Wang Jian-fei , Du Li-jie , Xie Li , Shi Longhe , Hou Lin-yan , Xu Fang , Hao Guo-qing 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This study uses the water diversion tunnel and the subsea tunnel as an example to accurately predict the distribution of water-rich geology in front of the tunnel face of the tunnel boring machine (TBM) and the water inrush behind the lining segment. It demonstrates the benefits of the ground penetrating radar method in advanced water detection prediction by integrating and replicating the current data processing algorithms. In this paper, various existing signal processing algorithms are tried to process the radar signal as a whole in order to address the issues of clutter interference, low signal-to-noise ratio, scattering and diffraction interference in the echo signal of ground penetrating radar. The ground penetrating radar signal is processed by algorithm in conjunction with an engineering example, and the prediction of water inrush in water diversion and subsea tunnel is carefully examined and assessed. The findings demonstrate that the comprehensive signal processing method can fully exploit the benefits of various signal processing techniques, more precisely pinpoint the location of fissure water, and successfully eliminate echo signal interference. In the process of water diversion and subsea tunnel construction, it has significant theoretical support and practical significance for predicting the water-rich geology in front of TBM and the distribution of fissure water behind the lining segment.
Deciphering perivascular macrophages and microglia in the retinal ganglion cell layers
Authors: Kim Pilhan , Jeon Jehwi , Park Yong Soo , Kim Sang-Hoon , Kong Eunji , Kim Jay , Yang Jee Myung , Lee Joo Yong , Kim You-Me , Kim In Beom 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In addition to the classically defined two microglia layers in the plexiform layers, a newly discovered retinal microglia layer is superficially located around the ganglion cell layer (GCL) in contact with the vitreous. We visualized the microglial layers by using CX3CR1-GFP transgenic mice with both healthy and disease conditions. As a disease progresses, each microglial layer gets closer to each retinal capillary plexus, including the superficial, intermediate, and deep capillary plexus, making inter-glial distances more visible. The GCL microglia has two subsets; peripheral (pph) microglia located on the retinal parenchyma and BAM (CNS Border Associated Macrophage) which have a special stretched phenotype only located on the surface of large retinal veins. Frist, in the pph microglia subset, but not in BAM, Galectin-3 and LYVE1 are focally expressed. However, LYVE1 are specifically expressed in the amoeboid or transition forms, except the typical dendritic morphology in the pph microglia. Second, BAM is tightly attached to the surface of the retinal veins and has similar morphology patterns in both the healthy and disease conditions. CD86+ BAM have a longer process which vertically passes the proximal retinal veins. Our data helps decipher the basic anatomy and pathophysiology of the retinal microglia in the GCL.
Theft in adolescence: a case study of a girl from a functional family
Authors: Závora Jiří , Skořepa Vojtěch , Dokoupilová Marie 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The study focuses on the specific case of a girl with a significant experience of delinquency in early adolescence (13–15 years of age). The girl is from a functional family with no known predisposition to delinquency. Therefore, this case can be considered as deviant sampling. The study has a multidisciplinary overlap (psychology, criminology and social pedagogy). The IPA (interpretative phenomenological analysis) method was used to uncover the meanings that the participant attributes to the phenomena of delinquency. The results showed that the need for peer social acceptance was at the core of the case. The accompanying manifestation of delinquency was lying, which transcended theft. In late adolescence, the girl changed her strategy for gaining social acceptance and used her own ability to "empathically counsel" others. The results of this study evoke the creation of an evaluation study of an experimental educational program for adolescents from non-pathological backgrounds.
Real maternal experiences during the Covid-19 pandemic:A meta‐synthesis of qualitative research evidence
Authors: Zhang Xiaoya , Peng Tingting , Hong Yanyan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Aim
To systematically evaluate the real psychological experiences of pregnant women during the Covid-19 pandemic to provide a basis for the development of evidence-based management measures for this population.
Design
Systematic review.
Methods
Qualitative studies on maternal psychological experience during Covid-19 were retrieved from Web of Science, Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, CNKI, Wanfang Database, VIP database, SinoMed database and Proquest database. The search period is from the establishment of the database to January 7, 2023. The quality of literature was evaluated using the quality evaluation criteria of Evidence-Based Health Care Center of Joanna Briggs Institute in Australia, and the results were pooled and integrated using Nvivo11 software.
Results
A total of 15 studies were included, 65 topics were extracted, and 13 sub-themes were summarized to form 4 themes: changes and challenges of life style; Emotional experience; Seeking understanding and social support; Epidemic current advice and establish confidence.
Conclusion
Families, medical institutions, the government and society should pay more attention to the psychological changes and real feelings of pregnant women during the pandemic, and provide effective guidance and help to relieve the pressure of pregnancy and improve the outcome of pregnancy.
Estimating the link between service-user patient safety perceptions, incidents and subsequent contagion in acute mental health wards.
Authors: Baker John , Kendal Sarah , Sturley Charlotte , Louch Gemma , Bojke Chris 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background Safety incidents are common in adult acute inpatient mental health services, and detrimental to all. Incidents spread via social contagion within the ward, but social contagion is difficult to quantify. Better measures of social contagion could support a milieu in which safety incidents are less likely to be prolonged, spread, or repeated, with widespread benefits. The WardSonar project, based in the United Kingdom (UK), developed and evaluated a prototype digital safety monitoring tool to collect real-time information from patients on acute adult mental health wards, about their perceptions of ward safety. A prototype Wardsonar tool was developed from a collaborative, co-design approach, and implemented in real-world hospital settings. The current study aimed to understand whether the tool can help to predict incidents, by examining (i) the feasibility of capturing real-time feedback from patients about safety and (ii) how the resulting data related to quality and safety metrics.
Method Patients can record real-time perceptions of ward safety using the tool, and staff can access these as anonymous, aggregated data. The tool was implemented in the UK in six National Health Service adult acute mental health wards. A novel approach to analysis involved construction of an hour-by-hour dataset over each ward. This revealed relationships between quantity and content of patient reports, staffing, time of day, and ward incidents, per ward.
Results There is strong evidence that an incident leads to increased probability of further incidents within the next four hours. This supports the idea of social/behavioural contagion and puts a measure on the extent to which the contagion persists. COVID-19 impacted the research processes.
Conclusions There is potential to use the WardSonar digital tool for proactive real-time safety monitoring, to identify developing incidents and help staff to facilitate timely preventative or de-escalating interventions. Further refinement and testing in a post COVID-19 context are needed.
“We Don't Do Any of These Things Because We are a Death-Denying Culture”: Sociocultural Perspectives of Black and Latinx Cancer Caregivers
Authors: NWAKASI CANDIDUS C , Esiaka Darlingtina , Nweke Chizobam , de Medeiros Kate , Villamar Wilson , Chidebe Runcie 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This qualitative study explored the unique challenges and experiences faced by Black and Latinx cancer survivors through the lens of their caregivers, including the specific cultural, social, and systemic factors that influence cancer survivorship experience within these communities in the United States. We conducted six focus group discussions (three Latinx and three Black groups) with a total of 33 caregivers of cancer survivors, (Mean age = 63 years). Data were analyzed using inductive content analysis; The sociocultural stress and coping model was used as a framework to interpret the findings. We identified three main themes: 1) families as (un)stressors in survivorship such as the vitality of social connections and families as unintended burden; 2) responses after diagnosis specifically whether to conceal or accept a diagnosis, and 3) experiencing health care barriers including communication gaps, biased prioritizing of care, and issues of power, trust, and need for stewardship. This study's findings align with previous research, highlighting the complex interplay between cultural, familial, and healthcare factors in cancer survivorship experiences within underserved communities. The study reiterates the need for culturally tailored emotional, physical, financial, and informational support for survivors and their caregivers. Also, the study highlights a need to strengthen mental health and coping strategies, to help address psychological distress and improve resilience among survivors and their caregivers.
Optimizing Clinical Assessment for Medical Students: A Longitudinal Interleaved Clerkship Model with Condensed Clinical Shelf Exam Testing
Authors: Novotny Kaitlyn , Levine Daniel , Netski Dale , Simanton Edward 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background: The transition of the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) Step 1 to a pass/fail scoring system is reshaping its role in predicting medical students' residency placements. This shift compels medical institutions to rethink their clerkship and Step 2 preparation strategies, raising concerns about its impact on underrepresented and disadvantaged students who already grapple with barriers in medical school admissions, contributing to disparities.
Traditionally, medical schools followed the Traditional Block Rotation model for clerkships, which lacked continuity and depth in patient-physician interactions. In response, these models are being replaced by Longitudinal Integrated Clerkships and Longitudinal Interleaved Clerkships (LInC) to enhance student’s clerkship learning. The growth in longitudinal popularity sparks concern for the success of various demographics as there is minimal research regarding LInC students' USMLE performance. Our study aims to uncover if LInCs provide equitable medical education for underrepresented and disadvantaged groups in medicine.
Method: Utilizing institutional data from Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine (KSOM), this study evaluated student’s Step 1 and Step 2 scores as well as their self-identified demographic information prior to the change in Step 1 grading. The analysis involved 145 students from three KSOM cohorts, categorized by admissions and initial performance factors. Binary groups were created for each variable. Descriptive statistics and t-tests (including Levene's Test) gauged score change significance (p < 0.05) within these groups. Changes were assessed by subtracting Step 1 from Step 2 scores, identifying groups showing substantial score improvements after completing the LInC clerkship and testing model.
Results: Analysis revealed significant score improvements between Step 1 and Step 2 for the following groups: females, students with low socioeconomic status, and students who originally received lower Step 1 scores.
Conclusion: This study underscores the significance of gender, socioeconomic status, and prior exam performance in clerkship models. Further research is needed to discern whether the observed score changes are attributed to the LInC model or the school's testing methods, with potential far-reaching implications for medical school curricular adjustments amidst the transition to pass/fail scoring for Step 1, as students prepare for Step 2 and residency applications.
Foreign workers, Total Factor Productivity and Skills: puzzling evidence for firms in Emilia-Romagna
Authors: Bosco Maria Giovanna , Valeriani Elisa 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Using administrative labour data from Emilia-Romagna (Italy), coupled with company financials, we assess the impact of foreign workers on the estimated Total Factor Productivity (TFP) of firms in the 2008–2015 time frame. We first obtained estimates for firm-level TFP from balance sheet data. Then, through Panel Data Estimation, we found that foreign labour has a positive and significant impact on the TFP of firms, but the impact is differentiated by sectors. Puzzling evidence hints for a potential readjustment in the labour market, with foreign, less-skilled labour replacing those positions left vacant by domestic, more skilled workers tapping onto better positions and wages.
JEL Classification: F22, D22, J61, R10
Construct lactylation-related gene signature to effectively predict the disease-free survival and treatment responsiveness in prostate cancer based on the machine learning
Authors: Pan Jinyou , Zhang Jianpeng , Lin Jingwei , Cai Yinxin , Wang Zuomin , Ma Yuxiang , Liu Yangzhou , Zhao Zhigang 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
More and more studies have revealed that protein lactylation is an important mechanism for lactate to fulfill its duties and participate in important biological processes, which can regulate gene expressions through histone lactation, thereby promoting tumor spread, metastasis and immunosuppression. However, protein lactylation has been poorly studied in prostate cancer.
Methods
This study aimed to identify potential novel lactylation biomarkers of prostate cancer by biomarker analysis and to explore immune cell infiltration and treatment responsiveness. By downloading mRNA-Seq data of TCGA prostate cancer data for differential analysis, we obtained the differential genes related to Lactylation in prostate cancer. Five machine learning algorithms were used to screen for lactylation-related signature genes for prostate cancer. The five overlapping signature genes screened by five machine learning algorithms were used to construct a survival prognostic model by lasso cox regression analysis. Further analyses were performed for functional enrichment, immune infiltration and tumor mutation analysis. Then, we predicted chemosensitivity differences from prostate cancer gene expression for some chemotherapeutics drugs. Besides, the transcript levels of five genes were verified in prostate cancer cell lines by qPCR. Subsequently, a nomogram scoring system was established to predict disease-free survival of patients by combining clinicopathological features and lactylation-related risk scores.
Results
The lactylation-related gene signature, which is based on five lactylation-related genes, showed a good efficacy in predicting the disease-free survival of prostate cancer and has a good potential for clinical application. The proportion of regulatory T cells and M2 macrophages is higher in the high-risk group of prostate cancer patients, so the worse prognosis of the high-risk group may be related to immunosuppression. The prostate cancer patients in the high-risk group were more sensitive to 7 chemotherapeutic drugs related to DNA synthesis and repair.
Conclusions
This study established a lactylation-related gene signature, which accurately predicted disease-free survival in prostate cancer patients. The lactylation-related gene signature can help clinicians identify prostate cancer patients with shorter disease-free survival, and also provide a reference for personalized drug treatment.
Identifying drug-drug interactions in spontaneous reports utilizing signal detection and biological plausibility aspects
Authors: Kontsioti Elpida , Maskell Simon , Pirmohamed Sir Munir , Anderson Isobel 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Translational approaches can benefit post-marketing drug safety surveillance through the growing availability of systems pharmacology data. Here, we propose a novel Bayesian framework for identifying drug-drug interaction (DDI) signals and differentiating between individual drug and drug combination signals. This framework is coupled with a systems pharmacology approach for automated biological plausibility assessment. Integrating statistical and biological evidence, our method achieves a 16.5% improvement (AUC: from 0.620 to 0.722) with drug-target-adverse event (AE) associations, 16.0% (AUC: from 0.580 to 0.673) with drug enzyme, and 15.0% (AUC: from 0.568 to 0.653) with drug transporter information. Applying this approach to detect potential DDI signals of QT prolongation and rhabdomyolysis within the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS), we emphasize the significance of systems pharmacology in enhancing statistical signal detection in pharmacovigilance. Our study showcases the promise of data-driven biological plausibility assessment in the context of challenging post-marketing DDI surveillance.
Analysis of the Number of Students in General Colleges and Universities in China with Uncertain Statistics
Authors: Gao Chunhua , Liu Yang , Ning Yufu , Gao Hemiao , Hu Beibei 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Uncertain statistics is a set of mathematical techniques to collect, analyze and interpret data based on uncertainty theory. This paper employs uncertain statistical tools, including uncertain time series analysis, uncertain regression analysis, and uncertain differential equations, to predict the future value of the number of students in general colleges and universities in China. Following that, uncertain hypothesis test is employed to verify the applicability of the estimated uncertain statistical models. In addition, this paper points out the reasons for choosing the uncertain statistical methods instead of the probability statistical methods by analyzing the characteristics of the residual plots.
Characteristics of the 2017 Pan’an M L 4.0 Earthquake Sequence
Authors: Zhang Jinling , Ding Fenghe , Ma Xiaojun , Wang Zhenjie , Yuan Yuan , He Qiuju 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
An earthquake sequence occurred between February and September 2017 in Pan’an, Zhejiang, China. In this study, the Brune source model and spectral analysis were used to obtain the source parameters (stress drop and apparent stress) from the Zhejiang seismic monitoring network data. Five low-frequency spectral-amplitudes from four nearfield stations were used to calculate the spectral-amplitude correlations. The events were then clustered, and a time series of their moving average correlation was plotted. Focal source mechanisms of the ML 4.0 mainshock were obtained using Cut-and-Paste inversions to analyze focal mechanism similarity for the small and medium earthquakes. The results showed that the Pan’an earthquake sequence had low spectral-amplitude correlations. The moving average of the correlations varied from 0.86 to 0.95, indicating a low similarity in focal mechanism across the sequence as they became increasingly divergent over time. The overall level of tectonic stress in the seismic source region was low, as the stress drops ranged from 0.00 MPa to 0.80 MPa. As stress accumulation did not show a dominant direction, the Pan’an earthquake sequence could be attributed to low-friction faulting. The spectral correlation analysis thus shows that the Pan’an earthquake sequence was an ordinary swarm of small earthquakes. Our approach should be utilized in further analyses, as the resulting data could facilitate rapid post-earthquake sequence assessments.