bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conspiracy beliefs and intention to use conventional, complementary and alternative medicines: Two vignette studies
Authors: Fournier Valentyn , Varet Florent 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveConspiracy beliefs (CBs) can have substantial consequences on health behaviours by influencing both conventional and non‐conventional medicine uptake. They can target powerful groups (i.e. upward CBs) or powerless groups (i.e. downward CBs). Considering their repercussions in oncology, it appears useful to understand how CBs are related to the intentions to use conventional, complementary and alternative medicines (CAM).Design and MethodsThis paper includes two pre‐registered online correlational studies on a general French population (Study 1 N = 248, recruited on social media Mage = 40.07, SDage = 14.78; 205 women, 41 men and 2 non‐binaries; Study 2 N = 313, recruited on social media and Prolific, Mage = 28.91, SDage = 9.60; 154 women, 149 men and 10 non‐binaries). We investigated the links between generic and chemotherapy‐related CBs and intentions to use conventional, complementary and alternative medicines. Study 2 consisted of a conceptual replication of Study 1, considering the orientation of CBs.ResultsGeneric CBs and chemotherapy‐related CBs appear strongly and positively correlated, negatively correlated with intentions to take conventional medicine and positively with intentions to take CAM. The link between generic CBs and medication intention is fully mediated by chemotherapy‐related CBs. When distinguished, upward CBs are a stronger predictor of chemotherapy‐related CBs than downward CBs.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that intentions to use medicine are strongly associated with CBs. This has several important implications for further research and practice, notably on the presence and effects of CBs on medication behaviours in cancer patients.
Interruption of the tricuspid regurgitant jet: A possible consequence of reflected waves
Authors: Ngoga Saad , Schulick Nicole , Bouwmeester J Christopher , Wang Jiun‐Jr , Pressman Gregg S. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractReflected pressure waves can impact central aortic pressure, and can cause notching of the pulmonic valve Doppler signal. However, reflected waves in the venous system usually do not achieve a high enough velocity to alter Doppler flow patterns. Herein we report a case of systolic notching of the tricuspid regurgitant signal that likely resulted from reflected venous waves.
Hybrid input shaping and fuzzy logic‐based position and oscillation control of tower crane system
Authors: Alhassan Ahmad Bala , Assawinchaichote Wudhichai , Zhang Huiyan , Shi Yan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEffective control of the tower crane system (TCS) is crucial for the safe and quick transport of goods from one point to another in industries and construction sites. However, the existing literature either depends on the dynamic model of the system, which is prone to errors and assumptions, or requires the feedback of the states to be controlled, which can be costly and or complex. In particular, the TCS has many states and is highly nonlinear. Thus, a non‐model‐based control approach that depends on minimal feedback sensors is needed. The primary contribution of this work is that the potential hybrid configurations of the input shaping control (ISC) and fuzzy logic control (FLC) were proposed and investigated. The study provides the best hybrid configuration of the ISC and FLC (non‐model‐based controllers) for optimal positioning and anti‐swing control of the TCS. Three configurations of the ISC + FLC, namely shaper as reference input (SARI), shaper as input to the FLC (SAI2F), and shaper as input to the plant (SAI2P) were investigated to assess the optimal hybrid configuration of the ISC + FLC. The results demonstrated that the hybrid ISC + FLC scheme had improved the response of ISC by at least 150% and enhanced the oscillation reduction of FLC by 72%. Finally, these analyses showed that the ISC + FLC could achieve reasonable control of the tower crane by only considering the output of one state (position). This makes the control scheme cheaper and reduces the complexity and computational time compared to other full‐state feedback controllers.
Attachment of antibody to biotinylated red blood cells: immuno‐red blood cells display high affinity to immobilized antigen and normal biodistribution in rats
Authors: VR Muzykantov , JC Murciano 
Published: October 2023

Streptavidin‐mediated attachment of biotinylated antibodies (b‐Ab) to biotinylated red blood cells (b‐RBC) is useful for preparation of immuno‐red blood cells, a prospective vehicle for drug targeting. However, streptavidin (SA) induces lysis of extensively biotinylated RBC by complement due to cross‐linking and inactivation of RBC complement regulators. To reduce cross‐linking of RBC membrane proteins, we utilized mild biotinylation of RBC with 20 microM biotin ester (b20‐RBC). SA effectively binds to rat b20‐RBC (10(5) SA molecules/cell) and provides for following attachment of 5 times 10(4) molecules of b‐IgG/SA per b20‐RBC. By in vitro assay, b‐Ab/SA/b20‐RBC were stable in fresh rat serum. Serum‐stable immuno‐red blood cells (b‐Ab/SA/b20‐RBC) specifically bound to antigen‐coated surfaces, but not to BSA‐coated surfaces. Biodistribution of 51Cr‐labelled b‐Ab/SA/b20‐RBC in rats was similar to that of control RBC, with no indication of lysis in vivo. These results suggest b‐Ab/SA/b20‐RBC may be explored as a vehicle for drug targeting.The Biochemical Society, London © 1996
Phenotypic characteristics and immune response of Procypris merus following challenge with aquatic isolate of Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Liao Wenyu , Wei Dongdong , Liu Mingzhu , Huang Lin , Li Bingzheng , Wei Yunyi , Han Shuyu , Huang Shuaishuai , Yu Qing , Li Pengfei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCurrently, aquaculture is a relatively mature industry; however, disease problems are continuously threatening the industry and hindering its development to a certain extent. Klebsiella pneumoniae is one of the zoonotic bacteria widely present in different hosts and has caused some degree of harm to the aquaculture industry, posing a potential threat to the water environment and indirectly also affecting human food safety issues. In this study, K. pneumoniae was isolated from the aquaculture environment, named as ELD, and subjected to pathogenic and immunological related studies. The results of the study showed that the strain carries at least four virulence‐related genes, magA, wabG, ureA and uge, and has developed resistance to at least seven antibacterial drugs, such as amoxicillin, doxycycline, rifampicin, and so on. Moreover, the strain is highly pathogenic and is capable of causing systemic clinical foci in Procypris merus. In addition, after infection with K. pneumoniae, the expression of IL‐1β, IL‐8, HSP70 and C2 was upregulated in P. merus as a whole, whereas the expression of TNF‐α did not change significantly in any of the tissues, which might be a kind of immune response of P. merus against K. pneumoniae infection. This study provides an important theoretical basis for the in‐depth exploration of the pathogenic mechanism of K. pneumoniae in fish and the immune response that occurs after the disease is contracted in fish, as well as theoretical support for the development of effective preventive and therapeutic strategies against K. pneumoniae‐infected aquatic animals in the future.
Towards new design rainfall profiles for the United Kingdom
Authors: Villalobos Herrera Roberto , Blenkinsop Stephen , Guerreiro Selma B. , Dale Murray , Faulkner Duncan , Fowler Hayley J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe Flood Studies Report (FSR) summer and winter design profiles are a key component of rainfall design guidance in the United Kingdom (UK). We have examined the rainfall profiles of over 70,000 extreme rainfall events with the original FSR profile methodology. This analysis reveals that rainfall profiles change with rainstorm duration but not season, contradicting one of the key assumptions in current UK rainfall design guidance. By using a method that does not artificially generate symmetrical and centred profiles we show that profile shapes are highly variable and strongly related to event duration and magnitude. Short events tend towards front‐loaded profiles, while heavy long‐duration events tend towards centred profile shapes. Finally, manual, automatic and mixed methods of deriving new design profiles for use in the UK were trialled, with consistent results. These could be used to derive new design profiles to supersede the FSR profiles. Notably, peak intensities in observed profiles and trialled summary profiles often exceeded those found in both FSR profiles. We conclude that current design profile guidance for the UK fails to account for the observed variability in event profile shapes and peak intensities and may lead to significant under‐ or over‐design of flood risk management solutions.
Virtual occlusal records acquired by using intraoral scanners: A review of factors that influence maxillo‐mandibular relationship accuracy
Authors: Chinam Nivedita , Bekkali Mariam , Kallas May , Li Junying 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPurposeThis review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of how much progress has been made in the field of virtual occlusal records (VOR) obtained with intraoral scanners (IOSs), their accuracy, and what factors influence their accuracy.Materials and MethodsAn electronic search was performed in MEDLINE via PubMed and Scopus databases in February 2023. Eligible articles were clinical or in vitro studies evaluating the accuracy of virtual occlusal records with intraoral scanners in completely dentate and partially edentulous arches.ResultsVirtual occlusal records have shown promising results in terms of accuracy, with some studies reporting a high level of agreement with traditional methods. Key factors influencing the accuracy of VOR through intraoral scanners were identified which encompass multiple parameters such as scanner brands, imaging technology, scan quality, best‐fit alignment, software algorithms, intermesh penetrations, and the number of sections and dimensions of the virtual occlusal record. In partially edentate areas, the lack of landmarks in the edentulous area compromises the accuracy of VOR, thus limiting the use of IOS in patients with missing teeth.ConclusionUnderstanding and recognizing these influencing factors will increase the predictability and reliability of dental treatments completed by using digital workflows. However, certain challenges need to be addressed which can influence its accuracy and limit its use in daily practice. Future research should focus on improving these factors to enhance the clinical applicability of virtual occlusal records.
Maternal prepregnancy body mass index, gestational weight gain, and allergic diseases in children: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Yu Hongbiao , Chen Ling , Zhang Yulin 
Published: October 2023

SummarySeveral studies have investigated a link between maternal preconception body mass index, gestational weight gain (GWG), and the risk of childhood allergic diseases, but the conclusions of these studies were inconsistent. This review aimed to evaluate the relationship based on existing studies. We eventually included 18 cohort studies. The findings indicated that both maternal preconception overweight or obesity increased the risk of childhood wheezing (overweight: risk ratio (RR) 1.09, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04–1.15; obesity: RR 1.24, 95% CI 1.12–1.38) and asthma (overweight: RR 1.18, 95% CI 1.05–1.32; obesity: RR 1.34, 95% CI 1.13–1.58), and the risk of childhood wheezing increased with continuous prepregnancy BMI changes (per 5 kg/m2 increase) (RR 1.10, 95% CI 1.05–1.15). Preconception underweight may elevate the risk of childhood eczema ever (RR 1.05, 95% CI 1.02–1.09) and current eczema (RR 1.20, 95% CI 1.05–1.37), and preconception overweight may reduce the risk of childhood eczema ever (RR 0.98, 95% CI 0.96–0.99). No statistically significant association between GWG and the risk of allergic diseases in children was found. Preconception weight management is encouraged for the prevention of allergic diseases in children.
Asymmetry in Class II subdivision malocclusion: Assessment based on 3D surface models
Authors: Sencak Regina C. , Benavides Erika , Cevidanes Lucia , Yatabe Marilia , Koerich Leonardo , Souki Bernardo Quiroga , Ruellas Antonio Carlos de Oliveira 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIntroductionThere is currently no consensus in the literature whether the aetiology of a Class II subdivision is dental, skeletal or both. The aim of this study was to identify and quantify skeletal and dental asymmetries in Class II subdivision malocclusions.MethodsCBCTs from 33 Class II subdivision malocclusion patients were used to construct 3D volumetric label maps. Eighteen landmarks were identified. The original scan and associated 3D volumetric label map were mirrored. Registration of the original and mirrored images relative to the anterior cranial base, maxilla and mandible were performed. Surface models were generated, and 3D differences were quantified. Statistical analysis was performed.ResultsAnterior cranial base registration showed significant differences for fossa vertical difference, fossa roll, mandibular yaw, mandibular lateral displacement and lower midline displacement. Regional registrations showed significant differences for antero‐posterior (A‐P) mandibular length, maxillary roll, A‐P maxillary first molar position, maxillary first molar yaw and maxillary first molar roll. Class II subdivision patients also show an asymmetric mandibular length as well as an asymmetric gonial angle. Moderate correlations were found between the A‐P molar relationship and fossa A‐P difference, mandibular first molar A‐P difference, maxillary first molar A‐P difference and maxillary first molar yaw.ConclusionsThis study suggests that Class II subdivisions can result from both significant skeletal and dental factors. Skeletal factors include a shorter mandible as well as posterior and higher displacement of the fossa on the Class II side, resulting in mandibular yaw. Dental factors include maxillary and mandibular first molar antero‐posterior asymmetry.
General science‐technology orientation, specific benefit–risk assessment frame, and public acceptance of gene drive biotechnology
Authors: Liu Xinsheng , Goldsmith Carol L. , Kang Ki Eun , Vedlitz Arnold , Adelman Zach N. , Buchman Leah W. , Heitman Elizabeth , Medina Raul F. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWith limited understanding of most new biotechnologies, how do citizens form their opinion and what factors influence their attitudes about these innovations? In this study, we use gene drive biotechnology in agricultural pest management as an example and theoretically propose that given low levels of knowledge and awareness, citizens’ acceptance of, or opposition to, gene drive is significantly shaped by two predisposition factors: individuals’ general orientation toward science and technology, and their specific benefit‐risk assessment frame. Empirically, we employ data collected from a recent US nationally representative public opinion survey (N = 1220) and conduct statistical analyses to test the hypotheses derived from our theoretical expectations. Our statistical analyses, based on various model specifications and controlling for individual‐level covariates and state‐fixed effects, show that citizens with a more favorable general orientation toward science and technology are more likely to accept gene drive. Our data analyses also demonstrate that citizens’ specific gene drive assessment frame—consisting of a potential benefit dimension and a potential risk dimension, significantly shapes their attitudes as well—specifically, people emphasizing more on the benefit dimension are more likely to accept gene drive, whereas those who place more importance on the risk dimension tend to oppose it. We discuss contributions of our study and make suggestions for future research in the conclusion.
Addressing insurance price discrimination in an era of diversity, equity, and inclusion
Authors: Cather David A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe early 2020s diversity, equity, and inclusion movement has prompted debate about banning the use of suspect insurance pricing variables because they discriminate against protected classes, such as gender. This paper demonstrates how banning an insurance pricing variable currently used in insurance pricing models can result in regulatory adverse selection if the ban heterogeneously combines policyowners with different expected losses into the same risk class, contrary to risk‐based pricing. The paper begins by describing several recent regulatory and judicial decisions to ban insurance pricing variables. It next describes the process used by insurers to set insurance prices, followed by a discussion of applicable insurance discrimination laws. Using a simple risk aversion model, the paper next examines whether a ban on gender‐based auto insurance pricing in California in 2019 results in regulatory adverse selection. The paper concludes by describing possible alternative pricing variables available to auto insurers if gender‐based pricing is banned.
The role of policy learning in explaining COVID‐19 policy changes
Authors: Wang Chan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe ongoing fight against the COVID‐19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of adaptive policy change and the critical role of policy learning in responding to public health crises. This study utilizes policy change and policy learning theories to investigate how instrumental and political learning intertwined to explain the policy change decisions made by six U.S. states from May to December 2020. By employing a multi‐value Qualitative Comparative Analysis, this study finds that the decision to impose stricter public gathering restrictions is primarily driven by instrumental learning, which is a response to the deteriorating pandemic situation. On the contrary, the decision to relax gathering restrictions is not only driven by the policymakers' perception of the improving pandemic situation but also influenced by the political motivations, such as the desire to suppress protests and address concerns for the decreased approval for the governor's handling of the crisis. The findings highlight the varied utilization of different policy learning types in response to different directions of policy change. Additionally, this study underscores the joint impact of instrumental and political learning in explaining changes in policy stringency. Overall, these findings contribute to a deeper understanding of policy change through learning activities in a complex and rapidly evolving policy landscape.
GOLDEN2‐like1 is sufficient but not necessary for chloroplast biogenesis in mesophyll cells of C4 grasses
Authors: Lambret‐Frotte Julia , Smith Georgia , Langdale Jane A. 
Published: October 2023

SUMMARYChloroplasts are the site of photosynthesis. In land plants, chloroplast biogenesis is regulated by a family of transcription factors named GOLDEN2‐like (GLK). In C4 grasses, it has been hypothesized that genome duplication events led to the sub‐functionalization of GLK paralogs (GLK1 and GLK2) to control chloroplast biogenesis in two distinct cell types: mesophyll and bundle sheath cells. Although previous characterization of golden2 (g2) mutants in maize has demonstrated a role for GLK2 paralogs in regulating chloroplast biogenesis in bundle sheath cells, the function of GLK1 has remained elusive. Here we show that, contrary to expectations, GLK1 is not required for chloroplast biogenesis in mesophyll cells of maize. Comparisons between maize and Setaria viridis, which represent two independent C4 origins within the Poales, further show that the role of GLK paralogs in controlling chloroplast biogenesis in mesophyll and bundle sheath cells differs between species. Despite these differences, complementation analysis revealed that GLK1 and GLK2 genes from maize are both sufficient to restore functional chloroplast development in mesophyll and bundle sheath cells of S. viridis mutants. Collectively our results suggest an evolutionary trajectory in C4 grasses whereby both orthologs retained the ability to induce chloroplast biogenesis but GLK2 adopted a more prominent developmental role, particularly in relation to chloroplast activation in bundle sheath cells.
Two epilepsy‐associated variants in KCNA2 (KV1.2) at position H310 oppositely affect channel functional expression
Authors: Mínguez‐Viñas Teresa , Prakash Varsha , Wang Kaiqian , Lindström Sarah H. , Pozzi Serena , Scott Stuart A. , Spiteri Elizabeth , Stevenson David A. , Ashley Euan A. , Gunnarsson Cecilia , Pantazis Antonios 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTwo KCNA2 variants (p.H310Y and p.H310R) were discovered in paediatric patients with epilepsy and developmental delay. KCNA2 encodes KV1.2‐channel subunits, which regulate neuronal excitability. Both gain and loss of KV1.2 function cause epilepsy, precluding the prediction of variant effects; and while H310 is conserved throughout the KV‐channel superfamily, it is largely understudied. We investigated both variants in heterologously expressed, human KV1.2 channels by immunocytochemistry, electrophysiology and voltage‐clamp fluorometry. Despite affecting the same channel, at the same position, and being associated with severe neurological disease, the two variants had diametrically opposite effects on KV1.2 functional expression. The p.H310Y variant produced ‘dual gain of function’, increasing both cell‐surface trafficking and activity, delaying channel closure. We found that the latter is due to the formation of a hydrogen bond that stabilizes the active state of the voltage‐sensor domain. Additionally, H310Y abolished ‘ball and chain’ inactivation of KV1.2 by KVβ1 subunits, enhancing gain of function. In contrast, p.H310R caused ‘dual loss of function’, diminishing surface levels by multiple impediments to trafficking and inhibiting voltage‐dependent channel opening. We discuss the implications for KV‐channel biogenesis and function, an emergent hotspot for disease‐associated variants, and mechanisms of epileptogenesis.
imageKey points
KCNA2 encodes the subunits of KV1.2 voltage‐activated, K+‐selective ion channels, which regulate electrical signalling in neurons. We characterize two KCNA2 variants from patients with developmental delay and epilepsy. Both variants affect position H310, highly conserved in KVchannels.
The p.H310Y variant caused ‘dual gain of function’, increasing both KV1.2‐channel activity and the number of KV1.2 subunits on the cell surface.
H310Y abolished ‘ball and chain’ (N‐type) inactivation of KV1.2 by KVβ1 subunits, enhancing the gain‐of‐function phenotype.
The p.H310R variant caused ‘dual loss of function’, diminishing the presence of KV1.2 subunits on the cell surface and inhibiting voltage‐dependent channel opening.
As H310Y stabilizes the voltage‐sensor active conformation and abolishes N‐type inactivation, it can serve as an investigative tool for functional and pharmacological studies.