bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dataset on the adoption of historical technologies informs the scale-up of emerging carbon dioxide removal measures
Authors: Nemet Gregory , Greene Jenna , Müller-Hansen Finn , Minx Jan C. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA variety of agricultural, industrial, and consumer technologies have been adopted over the past century and can provide insight into the scale-up of emerging technologies, such as carbon removal. Here we present the Historical Adoption of Technology dataset—a set of harmonized global annual time series from the early 20th century to present. We use three growth metrics to compare historical growth to that of carbon removal in emissions scenarios and future targets. We find heterogeneity in growth rates in the diffusion of historical technologies, ranging from 1.1 to 14.3% (median 6.2%) for our preferred growth metric based on a logistic function. Most emissions scenarios show growth within this range (median 5.9%, range 1 to >100%). Company announcements and policy targets imply faster growth than both historical technologies and carbon removal in emissions scenarios. Further work can explain the heterogeneity and facilitate more precise comparisons.
Graves’ Orbitopathy Models: Valuable Tools for Exploring
Pathogenesis and Treatment
Authors: Wang Ling , Zhang Meng , Wang Yue , Shi Bingyin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractGraves’ orbitopathy (GO) is the most common extrathyroidal complication
of Graves’ disease (GD) and severely affects quality of life. However,
its pathogenesis is still poorly understood, and therapeutic options are
limited. Animal models are important tools for preclinical research. The animals
in some previous models only exhibited symptoms of hyperthyroidism without
ocular lesions. With the improvements achieved in modeling methods, some
progressive animal models have been established. Immunization of mice with A
subunit of the human thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) by either
adenovirus or plasmid (with electroporation) is widely used and convincing.
These models are successful to identify that the gut microbiota influences the
occurrence and severity of GD and GO, and sex-related risk factors may be key
contributors to the female bias in the occurrence of GO rather than sex itself.
Some data provide insight that macrophages and CD8+ T cells may play an
important pathogenic role in the early stage of GO. Our team also replicated the
time window from GD onset to GO onset and identified a group of CD4+
cytotoxic T cells. In therapeutic exploration, TSHR derived peptides,
fingolimod, and rapamycin offer new potential options. Further clinical trials
are needed to investigate these drugs. With the increasing use of these animal
models and more in-depth studies of the new findings, scientists will gain a
clearer understanding of the pathogenesis of GO and identify more treatments for
patients.
The Associations of Maternal Blood Hemoglobin and Serum Triglyceride
Levels and the Risk of Preterm Delivery
Authors: Song Xia , Lin Jiujing , Dong Xiaoxiao , Li Mengyun , Xue Xiangsheng , Hou Chenyang , Yao Huichen , Hou Qingzhi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe abnormal hemoglobin (HGB) and serum lipid concentrations during pregnancy
will increase the risk of preterm delivery. Our study aimed to explore the
correlation between prenatal HGB and serum lipid levels and preterm delivery. We
enrolled 215 mother-infant pairs in a pilot cohort study. The logistic
regression model and Restricted Cubic Spline model (RCS) were used to
investigate the levels of prenatal blood HGB and serum lipid such as
triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low density
lipoprotein and preterm delivery. The results showed that moderate levels of
prenatal blood HGB (OR=0.28; 95%CI: 0.10, 0.75,
p-trend=0.018) and high level of serum TG (OR=0.29;
95%CI: 0.10, 0.84, p-trend=0.022) level were negatively
associated with the risk of preterm delivery. The joint effect results showed
that compared with lower level of prenatal blood HGB
(≤123.13 g/l) and TG
(≤3.7 mmol/l), we found that high levels prenatal blood
HGB and serum TG (OR=0.32, 95%CI: 0.12, 0.89) had a negative
association with the risk of preterm delivery. Moreover, prenatal blood HGB and
serum TG levels had negative linear dose-effect relationships with the risk of
preterm delivery in overall and girl group (p<0.05). Moderate levels of
prenatal blood HGB and high level of serum TG were negatively associated with
the risk of preterm delivery. The joint effect of high levels prenatal HGB and
prenatal serum TG in the normal range were negatively correlated with preterm
delivery. Moreover, the underlying mechanisms should be clarified in future
studies.
The Impact of the COVID Pandemic on Adrenal Surgery at an Academic
Endocrine Surgery Unit
Authors: Chiapponi Costanza , Faust Michael , Schmidt Matthias , Schier Robert , Thomas Michael , Stippel Dirk L. , Bruns Christiane Josephine , Alakus Hakan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCOVID-19 has severely affected the delivery of surgical care worldwide. The aim
of the present study was to evaluate its impact on adrenal surgery at our
academic endocrine center. All primary adrenal surgeries performed at the
University Hospital of Cologne, Germany between 01.01.2019 and 31.07.2022 were
included. This time frame was divided into pre-Covid (before 02/20),
acute Covid (until 05/21), and post acute period (after
05/2021). Demographics, clinic-pathologic characteristics and treatment
of these patients were analyzed. One hundred adrenalectomies were included: 22
before, 30 during, and 48 after the acute phase. The percentage of Conn adenomas
and pheochromocytomas decreased during the acute phase (from 45.4 to
26.6% and from 18 to 10%, respectively) in favor of Cushing
adenomas and suspicious tumors (from 4.5 to 20% and from 31.8 to
36.6%). About 90.9% of tumors resected for suspicion of
malignancy were confirmed malignant by final histopathology, as opposed to
71.4% and 52.6% before and after the acute phase. The operative
technique was similar during the three phases (63% retroperitoneoscopic,
34% laparoscopic and 2% open resections), with a significantly
shorter operative time for retroperitoneoscopy (p=0.04). ICU monitoring
demand increased during the acute phase (from 13.6% to 43.3%),
according to the increase in Cushing adenomas and malignant tumors. During the
acute phase of COVID-19 pandemic adrenal surgery for Cushing and malignant
tumors increased, while a delay in pheochromocytoma surgery to the post acute
phase was observed. The suspicion of malignancy formulated by the endocrine
tumor board was accurate in 90.9% of cases.
Tasa de publicación de trabajos presentados en el congreso de la SCHOT entre 2013–2019
Authors: Yurac Ratko , Nuñez Marilaura , Ariztía Antonio , Figueroa María Loreto , Aguilera Andrés , Urrutia Julio , Figueroa David 
Published: October 2023

Resumen
Introducción La tasa de publicación es un parámetro ampliamente utilizado para evaluar la calidad de los congresos médicos, que varían entre un 36 a 67% en las distintas sociedades de Traumatología y Ortopedia. El objetivo de nuestro estudio fue evaluar la tasa de publicación de los resúmenes presentados en congresos de la Sociedad Chilena de Ortopedia y Traumatología (SCHOT).
Material y Métodos Estudio observacional transversal. Se revisó la base de datos de la SCHOT con los resúmenes de trabajos libres presentados en los congresos de la SCHOT entre los años 2013 y 2019. Se realizó una búsqueda de cada resumen en Medline, SciELO, Google Scholar y Revista SCHOT, con el fin de identificar la coincidencia de la publicación con el resumen. Se definió como publicación coincidente aquella con títulos idénticos o con modificaciones menores entre el resumen y la publicación.
Resultados Se evaluaron 1599 trabajos orales presentados en pódium, 215 terminaron en publicación en alguna revista (13,5%). Los estudios observacionales (n = 171) representaron un 79,5%, mientras que los estudios experimentales (n = 44) representaron el 20,5% restante. Los comités con mayor tasa de publicación fueron rodilla (23,7%), tobillo y pie (17,8%).
Conclusión Entre los años 2013 y 2019 la tasa de publicación de trabajos presentados en congreso SCHOT fue 13,5% la que es menor en comparación a estudios internacionales similares. Los datos reportados en este estudio podrían promover que futuros autores que presenten en el congreso de la SCHOT logren publicaciones científicas, incrementando la actividad académica en nuestra especialidad.
Caso clínico: Sarcoma de Ewing periostal en húmero proximal
Authors: Castro Herrán Hari Isvara , Riquelme Stagnaro María Emilia , Zamora Helo Tomás , Muñoz Laura Fonseca , Botello Correa Eduardo 
Published: October 2023

ResumenEl sarcoma de Ewing es el tercer tumor óseo maligno más frecuente, presentándose en el 80% de los casos en pacientes menores de 20 años. Histológicamente se compone de células pequeñas redondas con núcleos redondos con cromatina y citoplasma eosinofílico. Para su diagnóstico definitivo es necesario el estudio molecular. Clásicamente, afecta la cavidad medular de la diáfisis de huesos largos, sin embargo, tiene presentaciones menos frecuentes como la extra ósea y la periostal. Se presenta un reporte de caso de un paciente de 17 años con un aumento de volumen progresivo en húmero proximal izquierdo, con estudios imagenológicos compatibles con una lesión tumoral periostal que respeta la cavidad medular. Se realizó una biopsia del tumor con confirmación histopatológica y molecular de sarcoma de Ewing el cuál fue tratado con quimioterapia y radioterapia concomitante, obteniendo una disminución progresiva del tamaño de la lesión, por lo que no fue necesario realizar cirugía. El sarcoma de Ewing periostal es una entidad extremadamente inusual con pocos casos reportados en la literatura, lo que hace importante reconocer y tratar oportunamente estas lesiones óseas agresivas.
Luxofractura Hamate Metacarpiana. Presentación de 4 Casos y Revisión de la Literatura
Authors: Andrade Paulina Alejandra Ferrada , Castillo Alberto Hernán Pérez , Hernández Carlos Felipe Muñoz 
Published: October 2023

ResumenLas luxofracturas hamate metacarpianas abarcan una amplia gama de lesiones complejas, raras en su aparición; suelen originarse al golpear con el puño objetos sólidos o por accidentes de alta energía. Clínicamente, el paciente presenta dolor y aumento de volumen en el borde cubital proximal de la mano. El diagnóstico definitivo esta dado por imágenes, en primera instancia, radiografías en cuatro proyecciones: postero anterior, oblicua en 30 grados, 60 grados y lateral, las cuales muestran el desplazamiento y rasgos de fractura. Idealmente debe complementarse con tomografía computada. El tratamiento es quirúrgico en general. Si se logra reducción óptima de forma cerrada se puede fijar percutáneo, pero con bajo umbral para realizar reducción abierta fijándose con agujas de Kirschner, tornillos o placa con el fin de disminuir el riesgo de mal unión, artrosis postraumática y dolor crónico. Presentamos 4 casos de pacientes con esta patología, con un seguimiento de 38 meses en promedio, que se sometieron a tratamiento quirúrgico en el mismo centro, con excelentes resultados funcionales reflejados en un DASH promedio de 9 puntos. Mostramos, además, una síntesis de la evidencia disponible, para guiar el manejo de una lesión de baja frecuencia, pero de importante implicancia para el pronóstico funcional de la mano.
Factors determining the entrepreneurial intentions among Chinese university students: the moderating impact of student internship motivation
Authors: Mensah Isaac Kofi , Khan Muhammad Khalil , Mwakapesa Deborah Simon 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe development of entrepreneurship spirit among young people is instrumental in empowering and invigorating them to take up entrepreneurial activities and become entrepreneurs. Understanding the psychological motivations (behavioral intentions) for people to become entrepreneurs is essential for the development of requisite policy and for creating a sustainable environment for entrepreneurs to grow and survive. Grounded on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), this paper examines the factors driving the entrepreneurial intentions of students by specifically examining how student internship motivations (SIM) moderate the impact of entrepreneurial attitude (EA), subjective norms (SN), perceived behavioral control (PBC), entrepreneurial education (EE), and entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) on college students’ entrepreneurial intentions (SEI). A total of 478 valid responses gathered via a self-administered questionnaire from Chinese College students were analyzed with SPSS-26 by applying multiple linear regression analysis, moderation, and slope analysis. Results indicate that EA, SN, PBC, EE, and ESE positively influence college SEI. Most importantly, the moderation and slope analysis indicate that SIM significantly but negatively moderates the impact of EA, SN, PBC, and ESE on the entrepreneurial intentions of college students. SIM, however, failed to significantly influence the effect of EE on the SEI. The inferences (both academic and practical) of these discoveries for the development of sustainable entrepreneurial and internship programs are deliberated.
Development of a cavity ring-down spectrometer toward multi-species composition
Authors: Barbosa Luís Felipe F. M. , Dubowik Philip B. , Reddemann Manuel A. , Kneer Reinhold 
Published: October 2023

This work presents the development of a cavity ring-down spectrometer (CRDS) designed for the detection of several molecules relevant for air pollution, including the second overtone of ro-vibration transitions from CO at 1.58 µm and NO at 1.79 µm. A unique feature of this CRDS is the use of custom mirrors with a reflectivity of about 99.99% from 1.52 to 1.80 µm, enabling efficient laser coupling into the cavity while ensuring a minimum detectable absorbance of 1.1 × 10−10 cm−1 within an integration time of about 1.2 s. In this work, the successful implementation of the current CRDS is demonstrated in two different wavelength regions. At 1.79 µm, the transitions R17.5 and R4.5 of the second overtone of NO are detected. At 1.58 µm, carbon dioxide and water vapor from untreated ambient air are measured, serving as an example to investigate the suitability of a post-processing procedure for the determination of the molar fraction in a multi-species composition. This post-processing procedure has the benefit of being calibration-free and SI-traceable. Additionally, CRDS measurements of gas mixtures containing CO and CO2 are also shown. In the future, the advantages of the developed cavity ring-down spectrometer will be exploited in order to perform fundamental studies on the transport processes of heterogeneous catalysis by locally resolving the gas phase near a working catalytic surface. The possibility to cover a broad wavelength region with this CRDS opens up the opportunity to investigate different catalytic reactions, including CO oxidation and NO reduction.
Analysis of a UV photocatalytic oxidation-based disinfection system for hydroxyl radicals, negative air ions generation and their impact on inactivation of pathogenic micro-organisms
Authors: Ahlawat Kiran , Jangra Ramavtar , Ish Ambar , Dixit Ambesh , Fulwani Deepak , Jain Neha , Prakash Ram 
Published: October 2023

This work presents a large-scale surface disinfection system, which has a unique lantern arrangement of ultraviolet-C (UV-C) light (254 nm) in conjunction with nanotechnology in a protective biosafety environment. Shadow regions are best dealt in this system by the generation of hydroxyl radicals (•OH) and negative air ions at sites where UV light cannot penetrate. More than 35 000 negative air ions/cm3 along with •OH were produced continuously in the disinfection chamber through the advanced photocatalytic oxidation process [UV-C + titanium dioxide (TiO2)]. The arrangement has been made to provide an optimized UV irradiation (∼2 mW/cm2) throughout the disinfection system. In order to distinguish between effects arising from (i) the action of UV dose alone and (ii) the action of UV dose along with •OH and negative air ions, E. coli and P. aeruginosa were chosen for bacterial testing and two interventions were made. The first intervention involved placing only UV lamps in the disinfection chamber to see the effect of only UV dose on bacterial inactivation efficiency. The second intervention involved placing the TiO2 nanoparticle coated aluminum plates along with UV lamps; this allows for the generation of negative air ions and •OH inside the disinfection chamber and enhanced bacterial inactivation efficiency. More than 95% bacterial inactivation efficiency has been reported in the case of UV-C + TiO2 compared to only 77% in UV only at the same time interval (90 s).
A bi-vector calibrated algorithm of fiber optic gyroscopes aided magnetometers based on inclinometer
Authors: Ji Shaowen , Zhang Chunxi , Lin Tie , Gao Shuang , Lian Aoxiang 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Inclinometers based on magnetometers are widely applied in oil and gas well measurements and have poor anti-interference ability. Affected by the drilling tools and stratum, the magnetized inclinometer will cause the output deviation of three-axis magnetometer. Therefore, periodic calibration before engineering applications is a necessary operation process. Fiber optic gyroscopes, with their characteristics of high precision and anti-interference, complement the advantages of magnetometers, which have improved the precision and reliability of the borehole attitude. In addition, a navigation grade three-axis fiber optic gyroscope provides convenience for periodic calibration of magnetometer. Consequently, a bi-vector field correction method based on a fiber-optic gyroscope and magnetometer inclinometer is presented in this study. First, the geometric relation between the seven elements of the geomagnetic field and Earth’s angular velocity was deduced with reference to the right-hand criterion. Second, a bi-vector field error compensation model was established. Finally, the simulation and experimental results demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed calibration method.
Novel machine learning and differentiable programming techniques applied to the VIP-2 underground experiment
Authors: Napolitano Fabrizio , Bazzi Massimiliano , Bragadireanu Mario , Cargnelli Michael , Clozza Alberto , De Paolis Luca , Del Grande Raffaele , Fiorini Carlo , Guaraldo Carlo , Iliescu Mihail , Laubenstein Matthias , Manti Simone , Marton Johann , Miliucci Marco , Piscicchia Kristian , Porcelli Alessio , Scordo Alessandro , Sgaramella Francesco , Laura Sirghi Diana , Sirghi Florin , Vazquez Doce Oton , Zmeskal Johann , Curceanu Catalina 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In this work, we present novel machine learning and differentiable programming enhanced calibration techniques used to improve the energy resolution of the Silicon Drift Detectors (SDDs) of the VIP-2 underground experiment at the Gran Sasso National Laboratory. We achieve for the first time a full width at half maximum in VIP-2 below 180 eV at 8 keV, improving around 10 eV on the previous state-of-the-art. SDDs energy resolution is a key parameter in the VIP-2 experiment, which is dedicated to searches for physics beyond the standard quantum theory, targeting Pauli exclusion principle violating atomic transitions. Additionally, we show that this method can correct for potential miscalibrations, requiring less fine-tuning with respect to standard methods.
On the characterisation of fragmented Bose–Einstein condensation and its emergent effective evolution
Authors: Lee Jinyeop , Michelangeli Alessandro 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Fragmented Bose–Einstein condensates are large systems of identical bosons displaying multiple macroscopic occupations of one-body states, in a suitable sense. The quest for an effective dynamics of the fragmented condensate at the leading order in the number of particles, in analogy to the much more controlled scenario for complete condensation in one single state, is deceptive both because characterising fragmentation solely in terms of reduced density matrices is unsatisfactory and ambiguous, and because as soon as the time evolution starts the rank of the reduced marginals generically passes from finite to infinite, which is a signature of a transfer of occupations on infinitely many more one-body states. In this work we review these difficulties, we refine previous characterisations of fragmented condensates in terms of marginals, and we provide a quantitative rate of convergence to the leading effective dynamics in the double limit of infinitely many particles and infinite energy gap.
A new nano-design of 16-bit carry look-ahead adder based on quantum technology
Authors: Ahmadpour Seyed-Sajad , Jafari Navimipour Nima 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
There is a requirement and a desire to develop reliable and energy-efficient circuit designs that adapt to the expanding field of low-power circuit engineering in the VLSI domain based on nanotechnology. The quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) technology possesses the potential to supplant the conventional, complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology in low-power nano-scale applications due to its diminutive cell dimensions, dependable circuitry architecture, and robust structural integrity. On the other hand, the carry look-ahead adder (CLA) is one of the vital circuits in digital processing utilized in diverse digital applications. In addition, for the design of this essential circuit, the occupied area and the delay play the primary role because using a simple formulation can reduce the occupied area, energy consumption, and the number of gates count. In the previous structures, high delay and use of traditional technology (like CMOS) caused an increase in the number of gate counts and occupied areas. Using QCA technology, simple quantum cells, and a low delay, all the previous shortcomings can be resolved to reduce the number of gate counts and low occupied area in the CLA circuit. This paper proposes a new method that helps the propagation characteristics generate suitable signals to reduce the number of gate counts based on adders in QCA technology. Several new blocks are used to design fast binary adders. Finally, an optimal four and 16-bit CLA circuit will be proposed based on the adder circuit. Furthermore, the execution and experimentation of outcomes are carried out utilizing QCADesigner-2.0.3. The simulation-based comparison of values justified the proposed design’s accuracy and efficiency. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed circuit has a low area and quantum cell.
Entangling capacity of operators
Authors: Patra Manas K 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Given a unitary operator U acting on a composite quantum system what is the entangling capacity of U? This question is investigated using a geometric approach. The entangling capacity, defined via metrics on the unitary groups, leads to a minimax problem. The dual, a maximin problem, is investigated in parallel and yields some familiar entanglement measures. A class of entangling operators, called generalized control operators is defined. The entangling capacities and other properties for this class of operators is studied.