bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk Factors for Young-Onset Dementia in the UK Biobank
Authors: Hendriks Stevie , Ranson Janice M. , Peetoom Kirsten , Lourida Ilianna , Tai Xin You , de Vugt Marjolein , Llewellyn David J. , Köhler Sebastian 
Published: December 2023

ImportanceThere is limited information on modifiable risk factors for young-onset dementia (YOD).ObjectiveTo examine factors that are associated with the incidence of YOD.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis prospective cohort study used data from the UK Biobank, with baseline assessment between 2006 and 2010 and follow-up until March 31, 2021, for England and Scotland, and February 28, 2018, for Wales. Participants younger than 65 years and without a dementia diagnosis at baseline assessment were included in this study. Participants who were 65 years and older and those with dementia at baseline were excluded. Data were analyzed from May 2022 to April 2023.ExposuresA total of 39 potential risk factors were identified from systematic reviews of late-onset dementia and YOD risk factors and grouped into domains of sociodemographic factors (education, socioeconomic status, and sex), genetic factors (apolipoprotein E), lifestyle factors (physical activity, alcohol use, alcohol use disorder, smoking, diet, cognitive activity, social isolation, and marriage), environmental factors (nitrogen oxide, particulate matter, pesticide, and diesel), blood marker factors (vitamin D, C-reactive protein, estimated glomerular filtration rate function, and albumin), cardiometabolic factors (stroke, hypertension, diabetes, hypoglycemia, heart disease, atrial fibrillation, and aspirin use), psychiatric factors (depression, anxiety, benzodiazepine use, delirium, and sleep problems), and other factors (traumatic brain injury, rheumatoid arthritis, thyroid dysfunction, hearing impairment, and handgrip strength).Main Outcome and MeasuresMultivariable Cox proportional hazards regression was used to study the association between the risk factors and incidence of YOD. Factors were tested stepwise first within domains and then across domains.ResultsOf 356 052 included participants, 197 036 (55.3%) were women, and the mean (SD) age at baseline was 54.6 (7.0) years. During 2 891 409 person-years of follow-up, 485 incident YOD cases (251 of 485 men [51.8%]) were observed, yielding an incidence rate of 16.8 per 100 000 person-years (95% CI, 15.4-18.3). In the final model, 15 factors were significantly associated with a higher YOD risk, namely lower formal education, lower socioeconomic status, carrying 2 apolipoprotein ε4 allele, no alcohol use, alcohol use disorder, social isolation, vitamin D deficiency, high C-reactive protein levels, lower handgrip strength, hearing impairment, orthostatic hypotension, stroke, diabetes, heart disease, and depression.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this study, several factors, mostly modifiable, were associated with a higher risk of YOD. These modifiable risk factors should be incorporated in future dementia prevention initiatives and raise new therapeutic possibilities for YOD.
Fuzzy inference based feature selection and optimized deep learning for Advanced Persistent Threat attack detection
Authors: Kumar Anil , Noliya Amandeep , Makani Ritu 
Published: December 2023

SummaryOne of the attacks that have rapidly happen is Advanced Persistent Threat (APT). APT attacks contain different sophisticated approaches and methods of attacking targets for stealing confidential as well as sensitive information. This research introduced novel and effective APT attack detection techniques, namely Smart Flower Cosine Algorithm‐driven Deep Convolutional Neural Network (SFCA‐DeepCNN). Here, the APT attack detection is done by the DeepCNN, wherein the weight of DeepCNN is updated by the proposed SFCA. The SFCA is modeled by unifying the Smart Flower Optimization Algorithm (SFOA) and Sine Cosine Algorithm (SCA). Additionally, the pre‐processing process is done by Quantile normalization, and the features are chosen based on the fuzzy‐based distance measures. Moreover, data augmentation is done to increase the size of data by performing the oversampling that avoids the overfitting problems. Furthermore, the proposed optimized deep learning scheme detects the accurate APT detection outcome. The performance improvement of the proposed method for testing accuracy is 9.417%, 10.47%, 4.232%, and 3.068% higher than the existing methods, such as, Deep Learning, Support Vector Machine (SVM), Bidirectional Long Short‐Term Memory (Bi‐LSTM), and Hidden Markov Model (HMM).
Overcoming the Dilemma of In Vivo Stable Adhesion and Sustained Degradation by the Molecular Design of Polyurethane Adhesives for Bone Fracture Repair
Authors: Li Qiang , Tang Bo , Liu Xinchang , Chen Buyun , Wang Xinling , Xiao Haijun , Zheng Zhen 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBone adhesive is a promising candidate to revolutionize the clinical treatment of bone repairs. However, several drawbacks have limited its further clinical application, such as unreliable wet adhesive performance leading to fixation failure and poor biodegradability inhibiting bone tissue growth. By incorporating catechol groups and disulfide bonds into polyurethane (PU) molecules, an injectable and porous PU adhesive is developed with both superior wet adhesion and biodegradability to facilitate the reduction and fixation of comminuted fractures and the subsequent regeneration of bone tissue. The bone adhesive can be cured within a reasonable time acceptable to a surgeon, and then the wet bone adhesive strength is near 1.30 MPa in 1 h. Finally, the wet adhesive strength to the cortical bone will achieve about 1.70 MPa, which is also five times more than nonresorbable poly(methyl methacrylate) bone cement. Besides, the cell culture experiments also indicate that the adhesives show excellent biocompatibility and osteogenic ability in vitro. Especially, it can degrade in vivo gradually and promote fracture healing in the rabbit iliac fracture model. These results demonstrate that this ingenious bone adhesive exhibits great potential in the treatment of comminuted fractures, providing fresh insights into the development of clinically applicable bone adhesives.
Additively Manufactured Flexible Liquid Metal–Coated Self‐Powered Magnetoelectric Sensors with High Design Freedom
Authors: Wu Hongzhi , Luo Ruiying , Li Zhuofan , Tian Yujia , Yuan Jiayi , Su Bin , Zhou Kun , Yan Chunze , Shi Yusheng 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAlthough additive manufacturing enables controllable structural design and customized performance for magnetoelectric sensors, their design and fabrication still require careful matching of the size and modulus between the magnetic and conductive components. Achieving magnetoelectric integration remains challenging, and the rigid coils limit the flexibility of the sensors. To overcome these obstacles, this study proposes a composite process combining selective laser sintering (SLS) and 3D transfer printing for fabricating flexible liquid metal‐coated magnetoelectric sensors. The liquid metal forms a conformal conductive network on the SLS‐printed magnetic lattice structure. Deformation of the structure alters the magnetic flux passing through it, thereby generating voltage. A reverse model segmentation and summation method is established to calculate the theoretical magnetic flux. The impact of the volume fraction, unit size, and height of the sensors on the voltage is studied, and optimization of these factors yields a maximum voltage of 45.6 µV. The sensor has excellent sensing performance with a sensitivity of 10.9 kPa−1 and a minimum detection pressure of 0.1 kPa. The voltage can be generated through various external forces. This work presents a significant advancement in fabricating liquid metal‐based magnetoelectric sensors by improving their structural flexibility, magnetoelectric integration, and design freedom.
Ultraviolet Light Debondable Optically Clear Adhesives for Flexible Displays through Efficient Visible‐Light Curing
Authors: Kim Daewhan , Kim Hongdeok , Jeon Woojin , Kim Hyun‐Joong , Choi Joonmyung , Kim Youngdo , Kwon Min Sang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWith growing sustainability concerns, the need for products that facilitate easy disassembly and reuse has increased. Adhesives, initially designed for bonding, now face demands for selective removal, enabling rapid assembly‐disassembly and efficient maintenance across industries. This need is particularly evident in the display industry, with the rise of foldable devices necessitating specialized adhesives. A novel optically clear adhesive (OCA) is presented for foldable display, featuring a unique UV‐stimulated selective removal feature. This approach incorporates benzophenone derivatives into the polymer network, facilitating rapid debonding under UV irradiation. A key feature of this method is the adept use of visible‐light‐driven radical polymerization for OCA film fabrication. This method shows remarkable compatibility with various monomers and exhibits orthogonal reactivity to benzophenone, rendering it ideal for large‐scale production. The resultant OCA not only has high transparency and balanced elasticity, along with excellent resistance to repeated folding, but it also exhibits significantly reduced adhesion when exposed to UV irradiation. By merging this customized formulation with strategically integrated UV‐responsive elements, an effective solution is offered that enhances manufacturing efficiency and product reliability in the rapidly evolving field of sustainable electronics and displays. This research additionally contributes to eco‐friendly device fabrication, aligning with emerging technology demands.
Localization of Cancer Cells for Subsequent Robust Photodynamic Therapy by ROS Responsive Polymeric Nanoparticles With Anti‐Metastasis Complexes NAMI‐A
Authors: Zhang Hanchen , Cui Minhui , Tang Dongsheng , Wang Bin , Liang Ganghao , Xu Chun , Xiao Haihua 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT), as a new type of light‐mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) cancer therapy, has the advantages of high therapeutic efficiency, non‐resistance, and less trauma than traditional cancer therapy such as surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. However, oxygen‐dependent PDT further exacerbates tumor metastasis. To this end, a strategy that circumvents tumor metastasis to improve the therapeutic efficacy of PDT is proposed. Herein, a near‐infrared light‐activated photosensitive polymer is synthesized and branched the anti‐metastatic ruthenium complex NAMI‐A on the side, which is further assembled to form nanoparticles (NP2) for breast cancer therapy. NP2 can kill tumor cells by generating ROS under 808 nm radiation (NP2 + L), reduce the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP2/9) in cancer cells, decrease the invasive and migration capacity of cancer cells, and eliminate cancer cells. Further animal experiments show that NP2 + L can inhibit tumor growth and reduce liver and lung metastases. In addition, NP2 + L can activate the immune system in mice to avoid tumor recurrence. In conclusion, a PDT capable of both preventing tumor metastasis and precisely hitting the primary tumor to achieve effective treatment of highly metastatic cancers is developed.
Defect Engineering of 2D Semiconductors for Dual Control of Emission and Carrier Polarity
Authors: Chen Ying , Liu Huawei , Yu Guoliang , Ma Chao , Xu Zheyuan , Zhang Jinding , Zhang Cheng , Chen Mingxing , Li Dong , Zheng Weihao , Luo Ziyu , Yang Xin , Li Kaihui , Yao Chengdong , Zhang Danliang , Xu Boyi , Yi Jiali , Yi Chen , Li Bo , Zhang Hongmei , Zhang Zucheng , Zhu Xiaoli , Li Siyu , Chen Shula , Jiang Ying , Pan Anlian 
Published: December 2023

Abstract2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) are considered as promising materials in post‐Moore technology. However, the low photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQY) and single carrier polarity due to the inevitable defects during material preparation are great obstacles to their practical applications. Here, an extraordinary defect engineering strategy is reported based on first‐principles calculations and realize it experimentally on WS2 monolayers by doping with IIIA atoms. The doped samples with large sizes possess both giant PLQY enhancement and effective carrier polarity modulation. Surprisingly, the high PL emission maintained even after one year under ambient environment. Moreover, the constructed p–n homojunctions shows high rectification ratio (≈2200), ultrafast response times and excellent stability. Meanwhile, the doping strategy is universally applicable to other TMDCs and dopants. This smart defect engineering strategy not only provides a general scheme to eliminate the negative influence of defects, but also utilize them to achieve desired optoelectronic properties for multifunctional applications.
Multifunctional Hydrazone‐Based AIEgens Enabled by Hydrogen‐Halogen Interaction
Authors: Zhang Minjie , Zhang Jianyu , Zhang Zicong , Kwok Ryan T.K. , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Jia Guocheng , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractStimuli‐responsive molecules with dynamic covalent bonds show physicochemical changes in response to external stimuli but also exhibit active molecular motions and poor luminescent properties. Hence, the manipulation and balance of dynamic and static behaviors are crucial for the development of multifunctional materials. In this work, a series of hydrazone‐based compounds with aggregation‐induced emission characteristics and hydrogen‐halogen interactions are designed and synthesized. Among them, TPAHPyCl showed the highest quantum yield of 54.0% and morphology‐dependent mechanochromic properties due to the strong chlorine‐hydrogen interactions and other multiple intermolecular interactions in the aggregate state. With the help of the turn‐on emission response to the non‐polar environment of lipid droplets, TPAHPyCl is also utilized for high‐resolution latent fingerprint detection and intracellular lipid‐droplet imaging, demonstrating multiple functions with dynamic and static properties. This work highlights the role of halogen‐hydrogen interactions and provides a new strategy to develop stimuli‐responsive materials with dynamic and static features.
VDR Activation Attenuates Renal Tubular Epithelial Cell Ferroptosis by Regulating Nrf2/HO‐1 Signaling Pathway in Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Wang Hui , Yu Xiaoyue , Liu Dongwei , Qiao Yingjin , Huo Jinling , Pan Shaokang , Zhou Lijuan , Wang Rui , Feng Qi , Liu Zhangsuo 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDiabetic nephropathy (DN) is a serious microvascular complication of diabetes. Ferroptosis, a new form of cell death, plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of DN. Renal tubular injury triggered by ferroptosis might be essential in this process. Numerous studies demonstrate that the vitamin D receptor (VDR) exerts beneficial effects by suppressing ferroptosis. However, the underlying mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Thus, they verified the nephroprotective effect of VDR activation and explored the mechanism by which VDR activation suppressed ferroptosis in db/db mice and high glucose‐cultured proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs). Paricalcitol (PAR) is a VDR agonist that can mitigate kidney injury and prevent renal dysfunction. PAR treatment could inhibit ferroptosis of PTECs through decreasing iron content, increasing glutathione (GSH) levels, reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) generation, decreasing the expression of positive ferroptosis mediator transferrin receptor 1 (TFR‐1), and enhancing the expression of negative ferroptosis mediators including ferritin heavy chain (FTH‐1), glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), and cystine/glutamate antiporter solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11). Mechanistically, VDR activation upregulated the NFE2‐related factor 2/heme oxygenase‐1 (Nrf2/HO‐1) signaling pathway to suppress ferroptosis in PTECs. These findings suggested that VDR activation inhibited ferroptosis of PTECs in DN via modulating the Nrf2/HO‐1 signaling pathway.
Diffusion‐Based 3D Bioprinting Strategies
Authors: Cai Betty , Kilian David , Ramos Mejia Daniel , Rios Ricardo J. , Ali Ashal , Heilshorn Sarah C. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract3D bioprinting has enabled the fabrication of tissue‐mimetic constructs with freeform designs that include living cells. In the development of new bioprinting techniques, the controlled use of diffusion has become an emerging strategy to tailor the properties and geometry of printed constructs. Specifically, the diffusion of molecules with specialized functions, including crosslinkers, catalysts, growth factors, or viscosity‐modulating agents, across the interface of printed constructs will directly affect material properties such as microstructure, stiffness, and biochemistry, all of which can impact cell phenotype. For example, diffusion‐induced gelation is employed to generate constructs with multiple materials, dynamic mechanical properties, and perfusable geometries. In general, these diffusion‐based bioprinting strategies can be categorized into those based on inward diffusion (i.e., into the printed ink from the surrounding air, solution, or support bath), outward diffusion (i.e., from the printed ink into the surroundings), or diffusion within the printed construct (i.e., from one zone to another). This review provides an overview of recent advances in diffusion‐based bioprinting strategies, discusses emerging methods to characterize and predict diffusion in bioprinting, and highlights promising next steps in applying diffusion‐based strategies to overcome current limitations in biofabrication.
Hypertensive Pressure Mechanosensing Alone Triggers Lipid Droplet Accumulation and Transdifferentiation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells to Foam Cells
Authors: Swiatlowska Pamela , Tipping William , Marhuenda Emilie , Severi Paolo , Fomin Vitalay , Yang Zhisheng , Xiao Qingzhong , Graham Duncan , Shanahan Cathy , Iskratsch Thomas 
Published: December 2023

AbstractArterial Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) play a central role in the onset and progression of atherosclerosis. Upon exposure to pathological stimuli, they can take on alternative phenotypes that, among others, have been described as macrophage like, or foam cells. VSMC foam cells make up >50% of all arterial foam cells and have been suggested to retain an even higher proportion of the cell stored lipid droplets, further leading to apoptosis, secondary necrosis, and an inflammatory response. However, the mechanism of VSMC foam cell formation is still unclear. Here, it is identified that mechanical stimulation through hypertensive pressure alone is sufficient for the phenotypic switch. Hyperspectral stimulated Raman scattering imaging demonstrates rapid lipid droplet formation and changes to lipid metabolism and changes are confirmed in ABCA1, KLF4, LDLR, and CD68 expression, cell proliferation, and migration. Further, a mechanosignaling route is identified involving Piezo1, phospholipid, and arachidonic acid signaling, as well as epigenetic regulation, whereby CUT&Tag epigenomic analysis confirms changes in the cells (lipid) metabolism and atherosclerotic pathways. Overall, the results show for the first time that VSMC foam cell formation can be triggered by mechanical stimulation alone, suggesting modulation of mechanosignaling can be harnessed as potential therapeutic strategy.
Impact of manure injection on spatial variability in soil nitrate, carbon, and small grain growth
Authors: Hilfiker Derek R. , Maguire Rory O. , Ferreira Gonzalo , Thomason Wade E. , Stewart Ryan D. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractManure injection alters the spatial distribution of manure by concentrating it in a subsurface band which can lead to differential soil nutrient distribution and growth in small grains. This study assessed the effects of fall manure applications on soil NO3‐N, active carbon, and small grain growth compared to broadcasting and a no manure control. Soil samples were taken to represent whole plot soil means for all treatments, while in‐band (IB) and between‐band (BB) soil samples were taken in injected plots to assess nutrient spatial distribution after injection. Small grain forage samples were also taken IB and BB to assess the effects of manure injection on small grain growth. Soil samples were analyzed for NO3‐N, permanganate oxidizable carbon (POXC), and carbon mineralization (C‐min), while small grain dry matter (DM) yield and forage quality parameters were measured from plant samples. Manure injection did not result in any differences between whole plot injection and broadcast soil NO3‐N concentrations. However, injection resulted in initially elevated soil NO3‐N concentrations IB compared to BB. There were no differences in soil POXC or C‐min under manured versus unmanured soils, nor between IB and BB samples. Manure injection did not increase small grain DM yield or forage quality compared to broadcasting, nor were these measurements altered IB and BB. Even though manure injection altered the spatial distribution of soil NO3‐N, it did not affect soil C‐min, POXC, or small grain growth under the conditions seen in this study. Therefore, differential small grain growth and quality is likely not a concern under injection.
Post‐translational modifications linked to preclinical Alzheimer's disease–related pathological and cognitive changes
Authors: Abiose Olamide , Rutledge Jarod , Moran‐Losada Patricia , Belloy Michael E. , Wilson Edward N. , He Zihuai , Trelle Alexandra N. , Channappa Divya , Romero America , Park Jennifer , Yutsis Maya V. , Sha Sharon J. , Andreasson Katrin I. , Poston Kathleen L. , Henderson Victor W. , Wagner Anthony D. , Wyss‐Coray Tony , Mormino Elizabeth C. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractINTRODUCTIONIn this study, we leverage proteomic techniques to identify communities of proteins underlying Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk among clinically unimpaired (CU) older adults.METHODSWe constructed a protein co‐expression network using 3869 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteins quantified by SomaLogic, Inc., in a cohort of participants along the AD clinical spectrum. We then replicated this network in an independent cohort of CU older adults and related these modules to clinically‐relevant outcomes.RESULTSWe discovered modules enriched for phosphorylation and ubiquitination that were associated with abnormal amyloid status, as well as p‐tau181 (M4: β = 2.44, p < 0.001, M7: β = 2.57, p < 0.001) and executive function performance (M4: β = −2.00, p = 0.005, M7: β = −2.39, p < 0.001).DISCUSSIONIn leveraging CSF proteomic data from individuals spanning the clinical spectrum of AD, we highlight the importance of post‐translational modifications for early cognitive and pathological changes.
Family therapy and infant mental health: exploring the potential space
Authors: Opie Jessica E. , McIntosh Jennifer E. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractFor this special issue, we sought perspectives on the contributions of the infant to their family's development, including recovery from intergenerational trauma and the contribution of the family to the infant's relational security. This special issue features a series of 12 invited papers from a diverse group of professionals, including infant mental health specialists, Indigenous and non‐Indigenous family therapists, academic family therapy teaching staff, and developmental psychology and systemic researchers. The contributions span several methodologies – ranging from curated conversations and qualitative research to conceptual insights, theoretical discussions, intervention reports, and new intergenerational empirical data. Through this editorial, we provide a brief overview of the collective works, spotlighting the invaluable synergistic contributions that infant mental health and family therapy approaches provide, while highlighting the untapped potential at their intersection.