bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global Financial Risk, Equity Returns and Economic Activity in Emerging Countries
Authors: Horvath Jaroslav , Yang Guanyi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractInternational financial integration exposes countries to external shocks. This paper identifies the impact and transmission of global financial risk (GFR) shocks to emerging market economies (EMEs). Heightened GFR significantly raises EME borrowing costs and lowers equity returns, reducing domestic economic activity. We document a novel transmission channel of GFR shocks to EMEs via international capital flows. Countries experiencing larger capital inflows are more affected by GFR fluctuations. Exploring the transmission through capital flows, GFR shocks affect EMEs mainly through their effect on equity returns, instead of country spreads. We show that equity returns contain more information about EME macroeconomic fluctuations than sovereign and corporate bond spreads.
Radiomic biomarkers for platinum‐refractory head and neck cancer in the era of immunotherapy
Authors: Lu Hsueh‐Ju , Shen Chao‐Yu , Chiu Yu‐Wei , Lin Wea‐Lung , Peng Chih‐Yu , Tseng Hsien‐Chun , Hsin Chung‐Han , Chuang Chun‐Yi , Chen Chun‐Chia , Wu Ming‐Fang , Huang Wei‐Shiou , Shen Wei‐Chih 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are recommended as the first‐line therapy for platinum‐refractory head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), a disease with a poor prognosis. However, biomarkers in this situation are rare. The objective was to identify radiomic features‐associated biomarkers to guide the prognosis and treatment opinions in the era of ICI.MethodsA total of 31 platinum‐refractory HNSCC patients were retrospectively enrolled. Of these, 65.5% (20/31) received ICI‐based therapy and 35.5% (11/31) did not. Radiomic features of the primary site at the onset of recurrent metastatic (R/M) status were extracted. Prognostic and predictive radiomic biomarkers were analysed.ResultsThe median overall survival from R/M status (R/M OS) was 9.6 months. Grey‐level co‐occurrence matrix‐associated texture features were the most important in identifying the patients with or without 9‐month R/M death. A radiomic risk‐stratification model was established and equally separated the patients into high‐, intermittent‐ and lower‐risk groups (1‐year R/M death rate, 100.0% vs. 70.8% vs. 27.1%, p = 0.001). Short‐run high grey‐level emphasis (SRHGE) was more suitable than programmed death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) expression in selecting whether patients received ICI‐based therapy.ConclusionsRadiomic features were effective prognostic and predictive biomarkers. Future studies are warranted.
E‐cadherin and TAC in GCF accurately discriminate periodontal health and disease
Authors: Hussein Hind R. , Abdulkareem Ali A. , Milward Mike R. , Cooper Paul R. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the accuracy of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) E‐cadherin and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) to discriminate periodontal health from disease.Subjects and MethodsGCF samples were collected from participants with periodontal health (control), gingivitis, and periodontitis (n = 25 each group). The latter group was further subdivided according to stage (S) and grade. Periodontal parameters were recorded then levels of biomarkers were assayed using ELISA and antioxidant status by use of the Total Antioxidant Capacity Assay for E‐cadherin and TAC, respectively.ResultsAll periodontal parameters were significantly higher in periodontally diseased groups than controls. The GCF E‐cadherin significantly increased in gingivitis and periodontitis (S2 to S4) cases as compared to controls. Level of this protein in GCF samples from periodontitis S3 was significantly higher than in gingivitis and S2 groups. The GCF‐TAC level was significantly higher in controls than in periodontally diseased groups. No significant differences were observed in the levels of these proteins between grade B and C periodontitis. Both molecules could discriminate periodontal health from gingivitis and periodontitis stages and differentiating periodontitis S3 from gingivitis and other periodontitis stages.ConclusionsLevels of TAC and unbounded E‐cadherin in GCF samples exhibited promising diagnostic abilities to differentiate periodontal health and disease.
Bleeder's Femur: The Proximal Femoral Morphology in Hemophilic Patients Who Underwent Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Gong Yichen , Su Hai , Jin Zhaokai , Zhou Haojin , Chen Lei , Chen Ruinan , Tang Yi , Lu Yichen , Chen Jiali , Chen Guoqian , Tong Peijian 
Published: January 2024

IntroductionPatients with hemophilia (PWH) constantly suffer hemarthrosis, which leads to deformity of the hip joint. Therefore, PWH who are going to receive total hip arthroplasty (THA) should be exclusively treated before the surgery with careful measurement of their proximal femur. Hence, we conducted a retrospective study to explore the anatomical parameters of and differences in the proximal femur in hemophilic patients who underwent THA.MethodsThe retrospective study comprised data of adult patients who received total hip arthroplasty from 2020 to 2022 in the research center. Patients having a diagnosis of hemophilic arthritis and received THA were included in experimental group, and patients with hip arthritis or femoral head necrosis were taken as control group. Parameters including femoral offset, neck‐shaft angle (NSA), medullary cavity of 20 mm above mid‐lesser trochanter level (T+20), mid‐lesser trochanter level (T), and 20 mm blow it (T−20), and canal flare index (CFI), femoral cortical index (FCI) were measured on X‐ray and CT images with PACS by two independent doctors. Data was analyzed by SPSS 20. Kolmogorov–Smirnov test was used to test data normality. Student's t‐test was performed between PWH and control group. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsAmong the 94 hips, 39 (41.5%) were included in group hemophilia and 55(58.5%) in control group. The mean age of the patients was 49.36 ± 12.92 years. All cases were male patients. Data demonstrated significantly smaller femoral cortical index (FCI), femoral offset, medullary cavity of 20 mm above mid‐lesser trochanter level, mid‐lesser trochanter level, and 20 mm below it, and neck‐shaft angle (NSA) was obviously larger in PWH than control group (p < 0.05). No significant difference was found in canal flare index (CFI).ConclusionHemophilic patients undergoing THA were prone to longer and thinner proximal femur. Preoperative morphological analysis of femur is recommended.
Political leaders' identity leadership and civic citizenship behavior: The mediating role of trust in fellow citizens and the moderating role of economic inequality
Authors: Monzani Lucas , Bibic Kira , Haslam S. Alexander , Kerschreiter Rudolf , Wilson Lemoine Jérémy E. , Steffens Niklas K. , Akfirat Serap Arslan , Ballada Christine Joy A. , Bazarov Tahir , Aruta John Jamir Benzon R. , Avanzi Lorenzo , Bunjak Aldijana , Černe Matej , Edelmann Charlotte M. , Epitropaki Olga , Fransen Katrien , García‐Ael Cristina , Giessner Steffen , Gleibs Ilka , Godlewska‐Werner Dorota , Kark Ronit , Gonzalez Ana Laguia , Lam Hodar , Lupina‐Wegener Anna , Markovits Yannis , Maskor Mazlan , Alonso Fernando Jorge Molero , Leon Juan Antonio Moriano , Neves Pedro , Pauknerová Daniela , Retowski Sylwiusz , Roland‐Lévy Christine , Samekin Adil , Sekiguchi Tomoki , Story Joana , Stouten Jeroen , Sultanova Lilia , Tatachari Srinivasan , van Bunderen Lisanne , Van Dijk Dina , Wong Sut I. , van Dick Rolf 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIdentity leadership captures leaders efforts to create and promote a sense of shared group membership (i.e., a sense of “we” and of “us”) among followers. The present research report tests this claim by drawing on data from 26 countries that are part of the Global Identity Leadership Development (GILD) project to examine the relationship between political leaders' identity leadership and civic citizenship behavior (N = 6787). It also examines the contributions of trust and economic inequality to this relationship. Political leaders' identity leadership (PLIL) was positively associated with respondents' people‐oriented civic citizenship behaviors (CCB‐P) in 20 of 26 countries and civic citizenship behaviors aimed at one's country (CCB‐C) in 23 of 26 countries. Mediational analyses also confirmed the indirect effects of PLIL via trust in fellow citizens on both CCB‐P (in 25 out of 26 countries) and CCB‐C (in all 26 countries). Economic inequality moderated these effects such that the main and indirect effects of trust in one's fellow citizens on CCB‐C were stronger in countries with higher economic inequality. This interaction effect was not observed for CCB‐P. The study highlights the importance of identity leadership and trust in fellow citizens in promoting civic citizenship behavior, especially in the context of economic inequality.
Multiple mechanisms of visual prediction as revealed by the timecourse of scene–object facilitation
Authors: Smith Cybelle M. , Federmeier Kara D. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractNot only semantic, but also recently learned arbitrary associations have the potential to facilitate visual processing in everyday life—for example, knowledge of a (moveable) object's location at a specific time may facilitate visual processing of that object. In our prior work, we showed that previewing a scene can facilitate processing of recently associated objects at the level of visual analysis (Smith and Federmeier in Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 32(5):783–803, 2020). In the current study, we assess how rapidly this facilitation unfolds by manipulating scene preview duration. We then compare our results to studies using well‐learned object–scene associations in a first‐pass assessment of whether systems consolidation might speed up high‐level visual prediction. In two ERP experiments (N = 60), we had participants study categorically organized novel object–scene pairs in an explicit paired associate learning task. At test, we varied contextual pre‐exposure duration, both between (200 vs. 2500 ms) and within subjects (0–2500 ms). We examined the N300, an event‐related potential component linked to high‐level visual processing of objects and scenes and found that N300 effects of scene congruity increase with longer scene previews, up to approximately 1–2 s. Similar results were obtained for response times and in a separate component‐neutral ERP analysis of visual template matching. Our findings contrast with prior evidence that scenes can rapidly facilitate visual processing of commonly associated objects. This raises the possibility that systems consolidation might mediate different kinds of predictive processing with different temporal profiles.
Epidemiology of bloodstream infections and the impact of antimicrobial resistance in pediatric hematopoietic cell transplant
Authors: Carlesse Fabianne , Russo Chiara , Seber Adriana , Castagnola Elio 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBloodstream infections (BSI) pose a substantial threat to the well‐being and survival of patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Risk factors for these infections vary across the different post‐HSCT phases. In the pre‐engraftment period, patients are particularly susceptible to infection due to prolonged neutropenia, mucosal damage, and extensive use of central venous line (CVL). In the post‐engraftment phase, the emergence of graft versus host diseases further compounds the risk. The epidemiology of these infections has undergone notable changes over the years due to multifactorial reasons, including the evolution of protocols that intensify immunosuppression. In this context, the emergence of multi‐drug resistance (MDR) microorganisms can be a challenge due to the elevated risk of mortality in these vulnerable patients. Unfortunately, there is a lack of comprehensive data on this topic, particularly in pediatrics. This article aims to provide a summary of the epidemiology of BSI in the different post‐transplant phases and the impact of MDR pathogens. Having knowledge about the local epidemiology of BSI can be instrumental in tailoring targeted therapies, leading to improved survival rates in HSCT recipients.
Analysis of energy return on investment of dry anaerobic digestion for low water alperujo with oxidative, thermal and alkaline pretreatments
Authors: Gil Rocio M. , Groff Maria Carla , Kuchen Benjamín , Gil Daiana G. , Fernández Maria Cecilia , Vazquez Fabio 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAnaerobic digestion processes for biogas generation using alperujo have been the subject of intensive studies suggesting that phenolic compounds act as microbial inhibitors in anaerobic digestion. Pretreatments are needed to reduce the effects of phenolic compounds and improve biogas production, especially for dry anaerobic digestion. However, industrial‐scale implementation of these pretreatments is challenging, and it is unclear whether the improvement in biogas production justifies the energy expended on pretreatment. This study examines the energy analysis of dry anaerobic digestion and three alternative pretreatments: alkaline, oxidative and thermal. Results indicate that thermal pretreatment at 80°C with added water reduces phenolic compounds in alperujo by 35.4%. Meanwhile, pretreated with hydrogen peroxide in alkaline medium had the highest methane productivity (205 mL CH4/gVS). Even so, thermal pretreatment was only one with an energy return on investment greater than 1, signifying the necessity for energy analysis to ensure the viability of pretreatment processes.
Effectiveness of combined virtual and clinical simulation compared with other active teaching strategies on health students’ learning: a systematic review protocol
Authors: López-Navarrete Andrea , Zimmermann-Vildoso Melissa , de Brito Poveda Vanessa , de Souza Nogueira Lilia 
Published: January 2024

Objective:
The objective of this review is to synthesize the available evidence on the effectiveness of combined virtual and clinical simulation compared with other active teaching strategies on health students’ learning.

Introduction:
Current evidence indicates that both virtual simulation and clinical simulation are effective in assisting students to acquire clinical skills. However, there is a knowledge gap regarding the effectiveness of the combined use of both teaching strategies, which could enhance health students’ learning.

Inclusion criteria:
This review will consider experimental, quasi-experimental, and observational studies that address the combined use of virtual simulation with clinical simulation compared with other active teaching strategies in learning, clinical reasoning, clinical decision-making, and/or clinical competencies of health students. Combining different hybrid simulators to form a new one will not be considered for inclusion in the review.

Methods:
The databases to be searched will include Cochrane Library, MEDLINE (PubMed), CINAHL (EBSCOhost), Scopus, LILACS (VHL), Web of Science Core Collection, Embase, ERIC, and gray literature sources. Two independent reviewers will perform the study selection, critical appraisal, and data extraction using JBI tools. A narrative synthesis will be performed and, if possible, meta-analysis and risk assessment of publication bias. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) approach will be used to assess the certainty of the findings.

Review registration:
PROSPERO CRD42023422410
Mutation protocols share with sexual reproduction the physiological role of producing genetic variation within ‘constraints that deconstrain’
Authors: King David G. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBecause the universe of possible DNA sequences is inconceivably vast, organisms have evolved mechanisms for exploring DNA sequence space while substantially reducing the hazard that would otherwise accrue to any process of random, accidental mutation. One such mechanism is meiotic recombination. Although sexual reproduction imposes a seemingly paradoxical 50% cost to fitness, sex evidently prevails because this cost is outweighed by the advantage of equipping offspring with genetic variation to accommodate environmental vicissitudes. The potential adaptive utility of additional mechanisms for producing genetic variation has long been obscured by a presumption that the vast majority of mutations are deleterious. Perhaps surprisingly, the probability for adaptive variation can be increased by several mechanisms that generate mutations abundantly. Such mechanisms, here called ‘mutation protocols’, implement implicit ‘constraints that deconstrain’. Like meiotic recombination, they produce genetic variation in forms that minimize potential for harm while providing a reasonably high probability for benefit. One example is replication slippage of simple sequence repeats (SSRs); this process yields abundant, reversible mutations, typically with small quantitative effect on phenotype. This enables SSRs to function as adjustable ‘tuning knobs’. There exists a clear pathway for SSRs to be shaped through indirect selection favouring their implicit tuning‐knob protocol. Several other molecular mechanisms comprise probable components of additional mutation protocols. Biologists might plausibly regard such mechanisms of mutation not primarily as sources of deleterious genetic mistakes but also as potentially adaptive processes for ‘exploring’ DNA sequence space.
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Metabolic diversity of human macrophages: potential influence on
Staphylococcus aureus
intracellular survival
Authors: Bertrand Blake P. , Shinde Dhananjay , Thomas Vinai C. , Whiteley Marvin , Ibberson Carolyn B. , Kielian Tammy 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

Staphylococcus aureus
is a leading cause of medical device-associated biofilm infections. This is influenced by the ability of
S. aureus
biofilm to evade the host immune response, which is partially driven by the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10). Here, we show that treatment of human monocyte-derived macrophages (HMDMs) with IL-10 enhanced biofilm formation, suggesting that macrophage anti-inflammatory programming likely plays an important role during the transition from planktonic to biofilm growth. To identify
S. aureus
genes that were important for intracellular survival in HMDMs and how this was affected by IL-10, transposon sequencing was performed. The size of the
S. aureus
essential genome was similar between unstimulated HMDMs and the outgrowth control (18.5% vs 18.4%, respectively, with 54.4% overlap) but increased to 22.5% in IL-10-treated macrophages, suggesting that macrophage polarization status exerts differential pressure on
S. aureus
. Essential genes for
S. aureus
survival within IL-10-polarized HMDMs were dominated by negative regulatory pathways, including nitrogen and RNA metabolism, whereas
S. aureus
essential genes within untreated HMDMs were enriched in biosynthetic pathways such as purine and pyrimidine biosynthesis. To explore how IL-10 altered the macrophage intracellular metabolome, targeted metabolomics was performed on HMDMs from six individual donors. IL-10 treatment led to conserved alterations in distinct metabolites that were increased (dihydroxyacetone phosphate, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, and acetyl-CoA) or reduced (fructose-6-phosphate, aspartic acid, and ornithine) across donors, whereas other metabolites were variable. Collectively, these findings highlight an important aspect of population-level heterogeneity in human macrophage responsiveness that should be considered when translating results to a patient population.

IMPORTANCE

One mechanism that
Staphylococcus aureus
biofilm elicits in the host to facilitate infection persistence is the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10). Here, we show that exposure of human monocyte-derived macrophages (HMDMs) to IL-10 promotes
S. aureus
biofilm formation and programs intracellular bacteria to favor catabolic pathways. Examination of intracellular metabolites in HMDMs revealed heterogeneity between donors that may explain the observed variability in essential genes for
S. aureus
survival based on nutrient availability for bacteria within the intracellular compartment. Collectively, these studies provide novel insights into how IL-10 polarization affects
S. aureus
intracellular survival in HMDMs and the importance of considering macrophage heterogeneity between human donors as a variable when examining effector mechanisms.
Fungal biodeterioration and preservation of cultural heritage, artwork, and historical artifacts: extremophily and adaptation
Authors: Gadd Geoffrey Michael , Fomina Marina , Pinzari Flavia 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Fungi are ubiquitous and important biosphere inhabitants, and their abilities to decompose, degrade, and otherwise transform a massive range of organic and inorganic substances, including plant organic matter, rocks, and minerals, underpin their major significance as biodeteriogens in the built environment and of cultural heritage. Fungi are often the most obvious agents of cultural heritage biodeterioration with effects ranging from discoloration, staining, and biofouling to destruction of building components, historical artifacts, and artwork. Sporulation, morphological adaptations, and the explorative penetrative lifestyle of filamentous fungi enable efficient dispersal and colonization of solid substrates, while many species are able to withstand environmental stress factors such as desiccation, ultra-violet radiation, salinity, and potentially toxic organic and inorganic substances. Many can grow under nutrient-limited conditions, and many produce resistant cell forms that can survive through long periods of adverse conditions. The fungal lifestyle and chemoorganotrophic metabolism therefore enable adaptation and success in the frequently encountered extremophilic conditions that are associated with indoor and outdoor cultural heritage. Apart from free-living fungi, lichens are a fungal growth form and ubiquitous pioneer colonizers and biodeteriogens of outdoor materials, especially stone- and mineral-based building components. This article surveys the roles and significance of fungi in the biodeterioration of cultural heritage, with reference to the mechanisms involved and in relation to the range of substances encountered, as well as the methods by which fungal biodeterioration can be assessed and combated, and how certain fungal processes may be utilized in bioprotection.