bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Marine Bacteria. Part 28. Anticancer and Antibacterial Trioxacarcins with High Antimalaria Activity from a Marine Streptomycete and Their Absolute Stereochemistry
Authors: Maskey Rajendra P. , Helmke Elisabeth , Kayser Oliver , Fiebig Heinz H. , Maier Armin , Busche Andreas , Laatsch Hartmut 
Published: May 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
YM‐92447 (Spinosulfate A), a Neuraminidase Inhibitor Produced by an Unidentified Pycnidial Fungus
Authors: Shibazaki Mitsuyoshi , Tanaka Koichi , Nagai Koji , Watanabe Masato , Fujita Shigeo , Suzuki Kenichi , Okada Gen , Yamamoto Tomoko 
Published: May 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Application of Microwave Irradiation, Solid Supports and Catalysts in Environmentally Benign Heterocyclic Chemistry
Authors: Carrillo Jose Ramon , Diaz‐Ortiz Angel , De La Hoz Antonio , Moreno Andres , Gomez Maria Victoria , Prieto Pilar , Sanchez‐Migallon Ana , Vazquez Ester 
Published: May 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Postoperative intensity‐modulated radiotherapy in sinonasal carcinoma
Authors: Duthoy Wim , Boterberg Tom , Claus Filip , Ost Piet , Vakaet Luc , Bral Samuel , Duprez Frederic , Van Landuyt Marianne , Vermeersch Hubert , De Neve Wilfried 
Published: May 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDCarcinoma of the paranasal sinuses is rare. Standard therapeutic modalities consist of surgery and radiotherapy (RT). Because of the often advanced stage and the vicinity of optic structures, RT‐induced ocular toxicity is a feared side effect of conventional RT. Intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) is a relatively new technique, which is implemented with the hypothesis that, compared with conventional RT, it would result in a lower rate of ocular toxicity for an equal local control (LC).METHODSBetween 1998 and 2003, 39 consecutive patients received postoperative irradiation by means of IMRT for an adenocarcinoma (n = 31) or squamous cell carcinoma (n = 8) of the paranasal sinuses (n = 36) or nasal cavity (n = 3). T‐classification was T2 in 41%, T3 in 15%, T4a in 23%, and T4b in 21% of patients. Invasion through the cribriform plate was seen in 11 patients. Orbital invasion was present in 36% of patients. The median delivered dose was 70 gray (Gy) (range, 60–70 Gy). The authors compared the overall survival (OS) and LC of the patients with a historic cohort (HC) (n = 30), treated with conventional or 3‐dimensional conformal RT.RESULTSThe median follow‐up was 31 months. The actuarial OS rates were 68% at 2 years and 59% at 4 years. The actuarial LC rates were 73% at 2 years and 68% at 4 years. Invasion through the cribriform plate was a significant prognostic factor for LC and OS, with a median time to local disease recurrence of 7 months if present, and a 2‐year LC rate of 90% if not present. In the comparison between the IMRT and HC groups, no significant differences were found for LC and OS. Acute toxicity was mild. Two patients developed decreased vision after RT. No RT‐induced blindness was observed.CONCLUSIONSPostoperative IMRT for sinonasal carcinoma resulted in good LC, with a low acute toxicity and no RT‐induced blindness. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Evaluation of shark cartilage in patients with advanced cancer
Authors: Loprinzi Charles L. , Levitt Ralph , Barton Debra L. , Sloan Jeff A. , Atherton Pam J. , Smith Denise J. , Dakhil Shaker R. , Moore Dennis F. , Krook James E. , Rowland Kendrith M. , Mazurczak Miroslaw A. , Berg Alan R. , Kim George P. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDShark cartilage has been a popular complementary or alternative medicine intervention. The basis for this popularity is the claim that sharks rarely get cancer because of the high proportion of cartilage in the shark's body. However, early studies were equivocal. Therefore, a clinical trial was conducted to look at the impact of shark cartilage in patients with advanced cancer. The primary goal of this trial was to determine whether a shark cartilage product improved overall survival for patients with advanced cancer who were getting standard care. Secondary research goals were to evaluate toxicities, tolerability, and quality of life associated with this shark cartilage product.METHODSThe study was a two‐arm, randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind, clinical trial. Patients with incurable breast or colorectal carcinoma had to have good performance status and organ function. Patients could be receiving chemotherapy. Patients were all to receive standard care and then to be randomly selected to receive either a shark cartilage product or an identical‐appearing and smelling placebo 3 to 4 times each day.RESULTSData on a total of 83 evaluable patients were analyzed. There was no difference in overall survival between patients receiving standard care plus a shark cartilage product versus standard care plus placebo. Likewise, there was no suggestion of improvement in quality of life for patients receiving the shark cartilage, compared with those receiving placebo.CONCLUSIONThis trial was unable to demonstrate any suggestion of efficacy for this shark cartilage product in patients with advanced cancer. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
A multicenter retrospective study of chemotherapy for recurrent intracranial ependymal tumors in adults by the Gruppo Italiano Cooperativo di Neuro‐Oncologia
Authors: Brandes Alba A. , Cavallo Giovanna , Reni Michele , Tosoni Alicia , Nicolardi Linda , Scopece Luciano , Franceschi Enrico , Sotti Guido , Talacchi Andrea , Turazzi Sergio , Ermani Mario 
Published: May 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDNo data on the role of chemotherapy in recurrent ependymal tumors are available in adults. The aim of the current study was to investigate outcomes after salvage chemotherapy in this setting.METHODSA retrospective review was made of the charts of 28 adults (≥ 18 years) with progressive or recurrent ependymal tumors after surgery and radiotherapy, who received chemotherapy between 1993 and 2003 in 3 institutions of the Gruppo Italiano Cooperativo di Neuro‐Oncologia network.RESULTSThirteen patients (46.3%) received cisplatin‐based chemotherapy (Group A) and 15 (53.7%) received regimens without cisplatin (Group B). Platinum‐based chemotherapy yielded 2 complete responses (CR) (15.4%) and 2 (15.4%) partial responses (PR), whereas 7 patients (53.8%) remained stable (SD). After regimens without cisplatin, there were no CR, 2 PR (13.3%), and 11 SD (73.3%). The overall median time to progression was 9.9 months (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 7.5–21.7 months), 9.9 months (5.2–not reached) for Group A and 10.9 months (95% CI, 7.17–23.9 months) for Group B. The overall median survival (OS) was 40.7 months (95% CI, 16–not reached), 31 months (21–not reached) for Group A and 40.7 months (13.4–not reached) for Group B.CONCLUSIONSCisplatin‐based chemotherapy achieved a higher response rate, but did not prolong disease progression‐free survival or OS. More active regimens for the salvage treatment of ependymal tumors have yet to be found. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Acute leukemia during pregnancy
Authors: Chelghoum Youcef , Vey Norbert , Raffoux Emmanuel , Huguet Françoise , Pigneux Arnaud , Witz Brigitte , Pautas Cécile , de Botton Stéphane , Guyotat Denis , Lioure Bruno , Fegueux Nathalie , Garban Frédéric , Saad Hussam , Thomas Xavier 
Published: May 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDAcute leukemia (AL) requiring cytotoxic treatment occurring during pregnancy poses a very difficult therapeutic dilemma.METHODSBy means of a mail questionnaire, information on a series of 37 patients with a diagnosis of AL during pregnancy was collected from 13 French centers between December, 1988 and November, 2003.RESULTSThirty‐one patients had acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and 6 patients had acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Nine patients were diagnosed during the first trimester, 10 patients were diagnosed during the second trimester, and 18 patients were diagnosed during the third trimester. Fifteen pregnancies ended with therapeutic or spontaneous abortion. There were 13 normal deliveries, including 1 gemellary pregnancy, and 9 Cesarean sections. Twenty‐three healthy babies survived from the 37 pregnancies, of whom 15 babies had been exposed to chemotherapeutic agents. A complete remission was achieved in 34 patients. Eleven women had severe extrahematologic complications during the induction remission course. The median disease‐free survival (DFS) was not reached, with a 5‐year DFS of 54%. Ten patients developed recurrent disease. Overall, 12 of 37 pregnant women died from leukemia.CONCLUSIONSPregnancy does not affect the course of AL. In the first trimester, termination of pregnancy should be discussed because of the potential fetal consequences of chemotherapy. Chemotherapy treatment during the second or third trimester may not require termination of pregnancy, because as remission of AL and delivery of a normal infant are likely to be obtained. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Risk of malignancy in first‐degree relatives of patients with pancreatic carcinoma
Authors: McWilliams Robert R. , Rabe Kari G. , Olswold Curtis , De Andrade Mariza , Petersen Gloria M. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDApproximately 5–10% of pancreatic carcinoma (PC) patients report a family history of the disease. In some families, mutations of tumor suppressor genes have been elucidated, but for most the causative gene remains unidentified. Counseling the families of PC patients regarding their risk of cancer remains problematic because little information is available.METHODSThe authors analyzed family history questionnaires completed by 426 unselected, sequential Mayo Clinic patients with PC. The prevalence of malignancy reported among 3355 of their first‐degree relatives was compared with the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Project (SEER) 9 (2000) registry. Age‐adjusted and gender‐adjusted standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were generated.RESULTSGreater than 130,000 person‐years at risk for cancer among the first‐degree relatives were analyzed. The risk of PC was found to be increased among the first‐degree relatives of patients with PC (SIR of 1.88; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.27–2.68), as was the risk of liver carcinoma (SIR of 2.70; 95% CI, 1.51–4.46). Lymphoma (SIR of 0.28; 95% CI, 0.12–0.55), bladder carcinoma (SIR of 0.55; 95% CI, 0.31–0.89), breast carcinoma (SIR of 0.73; 95% CI, 0.57–0.92), lung carcinoma (SIR of 0.62; 95% CI, 0.47–0.80), and prostate carcinoma (SIR of 0.71; 95% CI, 0.54–0.92) were found to be underrepresented. When the proband was age < 60 years, the risk of PC to first‐degree relatives was found to be increased further (SIR of 2.86; 95% CI, 1.15–5.89). In this subgroup, no other malignancies were found to be significantly increased, although the risks of melanoma (SIR of 1.73; 95% CI, 0.70–3.57), ovarian carcinoma (SIR of 2.20; 95% CI, 0.72–5.12), and colon carcinoma (SIR of 1.37; 95% CI, 0.80–2.19) were suggestive.CONCLUSIONSThere was a nearly twofold increased risk of PC in the first‐degree relatives of PC probands. This risk was found to increase nearly threefold when patients were diagnosed before age 60 years. At the current time, in the absence of a pedigree suggestive of known familial cancer syndromes, the current study results do not support targeted screening for other malignancies in the first‐degree relatives of patients with sporadic PC. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Olfactory marker protein modulates primary olfactory axon overshooting in the olfactory bulb
Authors: St. John James A. , Key Brian 
Published: May 2005

AbstractOlfactory marker protein (OMP) is expressed by mature primary olfactory sensory neurons during development and in adult mice. In mice that lack OMP, olfactory sensory neurons have perturbed electrophysiological activity, and the mice exhibit altered responses and behavior to odor stimulation. To date, defects in axon guidance in mice that lack OMP have not been investigated. During development of the olfactory system in mouse, primary olfactory axons often overshoot their target glomerular layer and project into the deeper external plexiform layer. These aberrant axonal projections are normally detected within the external plexiform layer up to postnatal day 12. We have examined the projections of primary olfactory axons in OMP‐tau:LacZ mice and OMP‐GFP mice, two independent lines in which the OMP coding region has been replaced by reporter molecules. We found that axons overshoot their target layer and grow into the external plexiform layer in these OMP null mice as they do in wild‐type animals. However, in the absence of OMP, overshooting axons are more persistent and remain prominent until 5 weeks postnatally, after which their numbers decrease. Overshooting axons are still present in these mice even at 8 months of age. In heterozygous mice, axons also overshoot into the external plexiform layer; however, there are fewer axons, and they project for shorter distances, compared with those in a homozygous environment. Our results suggest that perturbed electrophysiological responses, caused by loss of OMP in primary olfactory neurons, reduce the ability of primary olfactory axons to recognize their glomerular target. J. Comp. Neurol. 487:61–69, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cellular distribution and subcellular localization of molecular components of vesicular transmitter release in horizontal cells of rabbit retina
Authors: Hirano Arlene A. , Brandstätter Johann H. , Brecha Nicholas C. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe mechanism underlying transmitter release from retinal horizontal cells is poorly understood. We investigated the possibility of vesicular transmitter release from mammalian horizontal cells by examining the expression of synaptic proteins that participate in vesicular transmitter release at chemical synapses. Using immunocytochemistry, we evaluated the cellular and subcellular distribution of complexin I/II, syntaxin‐1, and synapsin I in rabbit retina. Strong labeling for complexin I/II, proteins that regulate a late step in vesicular transmitter release, was found in both synaptic layers of the retina, and in somata of A‐ and B‐type horizontal cells, of γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)‐ and glycinergic amacrine cells, and of ganglion cells. Immunoelectron microscopy demonstrated the presence of complexin I/II in horizontal cell processes postsynaptic to rod and cone ribbon synapses. Syntaxin‐1, a core protein of the soluble N‐ethylmaleimide‐sensitive‐factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) complex known to bind to complexin, and synapsin I, a synaptic vesicle‐associated protein involved in the Ca2+‐dependent recruitment of synaptic vesicles for transmitter release, were also present in the horizontal cells and their processes at photoreceptor synapses. Photoreceptors and bipolar cells did not express any of these proteins at their axon terminals. The presence of complexin I/II, syntaxin‐1, and synapsin I in rabbit horizontal cell processes and tips suggests that a vesicular mechanism may underlie transmitter release from mammalian horizontal cells. J. Comp. Neurol. 488:70–81, 2005. Published 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Functional circuits mediating sensorimotor integration: Quantitative comparisons of projections from rodent barrel cortex to primary motor cortex, neostriatum, superior colliculus, and the pons
Authors: Hoffer Zachary S. , Arantes Henry B. , Roth Richard L. , Alloway Kevin D. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractMotor performance depends on somatosensory feedback, and consistent with this finding, primary somatosensory (SI) cortex projects to several regions involved in motor control. Although the pathways mediating sensorimotor integration are known, few studies have compared their projection patterns. Therefore, in each animal, we injected two anterograde tracers into SI barrel cortex and compared the relative density and spatial extent of the labeled projections to the primary motor (MI) cortex, neostriatum, superior colliculus, and basal pons. Quantitative analysis revealed that these projections terminated most extensively in the neostriatum, to a lesser extent in MI cortex, and innervated the least amount of neuropil in the superior colliculus and pontine nuclei. Tracer overlap in the pontine nuclei was significantly higher than in the other three brains regions, and was strongly correlated with overlap in the superior colliculus, presumably because some projections to these two brain regions represent collaterals of the same neurons. The density of labeled varicosities was highest in the pons and lowest in MI. As a proportion of total labeling, densely packed clusters of labeled terminals were most prevalent in the pons, less prevalent in neostriatum and superior colliculus, and least prevalent in MI cortex. These results are consistent with physiological evidence indicating strong coherence between SI barrel cortex and the cerebellum during whisking behavior. J. Comp. Neurol. 488:82–100, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
OPA1 expression in the normal rat retina and optic nerve
Authors: Ju Won‐Kyu , Misaka Takumi , Kushnareva Yulia , Nakagomi Saya , Agarwal Neeraj , Kubo Yoshihiro , Lipton Stuart A. , Bossy‐Wetzel Ella 
Published: May 2005

AbstractAutosomal dominant optic atrophy (DOA) is the most common form of hereditary optic neuropathy. DOA presents in the first decade of life and manifests as progressive vision loss. In DOA retinal ganglion cells and the optic nerve degenerate by an unknown mechanism. The gene mutated in DOA, Optic Atrophy Type 1 (OPA1), encodes a dynamin‐related GTPase implicated in mitochondrial fusion and maintenance of the mitochondrial network and genome. Here, we determine which cell types in the normal retina and the optic nerve express OPA1. In the normal rat retina, OPA1 is expressed in the ganglion cell layer as well as in the outer plexiform layer, the inner nuclear layer, and the inner plexiform layer. In the ganglion cell layer, OPA1 is expressed predominantly in retinal ganglion cells. By contrast, OPA1 protein is low or undetectable in astrocytes and oligodendrocytes of the optic nerve. Additionally, OPA1 protein is present in axonal mitochondria. Last, OPA1 expression is present in mitochondria of processes and cell bodies of purified retinal ganglion cells and of the RGC‐5 cell line. Thus, OPA1 is predominantly expressed in retinal ganglion cells of the normal rat retina and axons of the optic nerve. These findings may explain the selective vulnerability of retinal ganglion cells to OPA1 loss of function. J. Comp. Neurol. 488:1–10, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Disruption of synaptic development and ultrastructure by Drosophila NSF2 alleles
Authors: Stewart Bryan A. , Pearce Joanne , Bajec Martha , Khorana Radhika 
Published: May 2005

AbstractFirst identified as the cytosolic component that restored intra‐Golgi vesicle trafficking following N‐ethylmaleimide poisoning, N‐ethylmaleimide‐sensitive factor (NSF) was later shown to be an ATPase that participates in many vesicular trafficking events. Current models hold that NSF disassembles postfusion SNARE protein complexes, allowing them to participate in further rounds of vesicle cycling. To further understand the role of NSF in neural function, we have embarked on genetic studies of Drosophila NSF2. In one approach, we employed transgenic flies that carry a dominant‐negative form of NSF2 (NSFE/Q). When expressed in neurons this construct suppresses synaptic transmission, increases activity‐dependent fatigue of transmitter release, and reduces the functional size of the pool of vesicles available for release. Unexpectedly, it also induced pronounced overgrowth of the neuromuscular junction. The aim of the present study was twofold. First, we sought to determine if the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) overgrowth phenotype is present throughout development. Second, we examined NSF2E/Q larval synapses by serial section electron microscopy in order to determine if there are ultrastructural correlates to the observed physiological and morphological phenotypes. We indeed found that the NMJ overgrowth phenotype is present at the embryonic neuromuscular synapse. Likewise, at the ultrastructural level, we found considerable alterations in the number and distribution of synapses and active zones, whereas the number of vesicles present was not changed. From these data we conclude that a primary phenotype of the NSF2E/Q transgene is a developmental one and that alteration in the number and distribution of active zones contributes to the NSF2E/Q physiological phenotype. J. Comp. Neurol. 487:101–111, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neurotransmitter phenotypes of intermediate zone reticular formation projections to the motor trigeminal and hypoglossal nuclei in the rat
Authors: Travers Joseph B. , Yoo Ji‐Eun , Chandran Ravi , Herman Kenneth , Travers Susan P. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractNumerous studies suggest an essential role for the intermediate (IRt) and parvocellular (PCRt) reticular formation (RF) in consummatory ingestive responses. Although the IRt and PCRt contain a large proportion of neurons with projections to the oromotor nuclei, these areas of the RF are heterogeneous with respect to neurotransmitter phenotypes. Glutamatergic, GABAergic, cholinergic, and nitrergic neurons are all found in the PCRt and IRt, but the projections of neurons with these phenotypes to the motor trigeminal (mV) and hypoglossal nucleus (mXII) has not been fully evaluated. In the present study, after small injections of Fluorogold (FG) into mV and mXII, sections were processed immunohistochemically to detect retrogradely labeled FG neurons in combination with the synthetic enzymes for nitric oxide (nitric oxide synthase) or acetylcholine (choline acetyltransferase) or in situ hybridization for the synthetic enzyme for GABA (GAD65/67) or the brainstem vesicular transporter for glutamate (VGLUT2). In three additional cases, FG injections were made into one motor nucleus and cholera toxin (subunit b) injected in the other to determine the presence of dual projection neurons. Premotor neurons to mXII (pre‐mXII) were highly concentrated in the IRt. In contrast, there were nearly equal proportions of premotor‐trigeminal neurons (pre‐mV) in the IRt and PCRt. A high proportion of pre‐oromotor neurons were positive for VGLUT2 (pre‐mXII: 68%; pre‐mV: 53%) but GABAergic projections were differentially distributed with a greater projection to mV (25%) compared to mXII (8%). Significant populations of cholinergic and nitrergic neurons overlapped pre‐oromotor neurons, but there was sparse double‐labeling (<10%). The IRt also contained a high proportion of neurons that projected to both mV and MXII. These different classes of premotor neurons in the IRt and PCRt provide a substrate for the rhythmic activation of lingual and masticatory muscles. J. Comp. Neurol. 487:28–47, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.