bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Black hole complementarity from microstate models: a study of information replication and the encoding in the black hole interior
Authors: Kibe Tanay , Mondkar Sukrut , Mukhopadhyay Ayan , Swain Hareram 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We study how the black hole complementarity principle can emerge from quantum gravitational dynamics within a local semiclassical approximation. Further developing and then simplifying a microstate model based on the fragmentation instability of a near-extremal black hole, we find that the key to the replication (but not cloning) of infalling information is the decoupling of various degrees of freedom. The infalling matter decouples from the interior retaining a residual time-dependent quantum state in the hair which encodes the initial state of the matter non-isometrically. The non-linear ringdown of the interior after energy absorption and decoupling also encodes the initial state, and transfers the information to Hawking radiation. During the Hawking evaporation process, the fragmented throats decouple from each other and the hair decouples from the throats. We find that the hair mirrors infalling information after the decoupling time which scales with the logarithm of the entropy (at the time of infall) when the average mass per fragmented throat (a proxy for the temperature) is held fixed. The decoding protocol for the mirrored information does not require knowledge of the interior, and only limited information from the Hawking radiation, as can be argued to be necessitated by the complementarity principle. We discuss the scope of the model to illuminate various aspects of information processing in a black hole.
Künstliche Intelligenz in der internistischen Versorgung
Authors: Eckstein Jens 
Published: October 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Integration von Technologien der künstlichen Intelligenz (KI) hat das Potenzial, sowohl die Effizienz als auch die Qualität der medizinischen Versorgung zu verbessern. In verschiedenen Fachbereichen der Inneren Medizin haben KI-Anwendungen bereits ihren festen Platz, während sich die Anwendungen in anderen Bereichen noch in unterschiedlichen Phasen der Entwicklung befinden. Ein wichtiger zu beleuchtender Aspekt sind die Auswirkungen der KI auf die Interaktion zwischen Patienten und Gesundheitsfachpersonen. Ein weiterer Faktor ist die Nachvollziehbarkeit der Funktionsweise involvierter KI-basierter Algorithmen. Neben notwendigen vertrauensbildenden Maßnahmen ist eine Integrierbarkeit der Technologie in bestehende Systeme anzustreben, um eine entsprechende Akzeptanz und breite Verfügbarkeit zu erreichen und die Mitarbeiter:innen auf administrativer Ebene zu entlasten.
Die Bedeutung des humanen Mikrobioms für die psychische Gesundheit
Authors: Refisch Alexander , Walter Martin 
Published: October 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Zusammensetzung des Mikrobioms ist bei vielen häufigen psychiatrischen Erkrankungen verändert. Präklinische Studien haben wichtige Mechanismen aufgedeckt, über die das Mikrobiom mit neuronalen Funktionen im bidirektionalen Austausch steht. Dysregulationen im komplexen Zusammenspiel von Mikrobiom, Immunsystem, Stress-Response und Energiehomöostase könnten insbesondere in der frühen Lebensphase für die Entwicklung psychiatrischer Symptome im späteren Leben prädisponieren. Obwohl bisher nur wenige klinische Studien vorliegen, haben der weitreichende Einfluss des Mikrobioms auf neuronale und psychische Funktionen sowie seine hohe Plastizität großes Interesse an seinem therapeutischen Potenzial bei häufigen psychiatrischen Störungen geweckt.
The effects of paranoia and dopamine on perception of cohesion and conspiracy: a pre-registered, double-blind, placebo-controlled experiment
Authors: Raihani N.J. , Kamboj S.K. , Peniket M.J. , Norman J. , Ozturk O.C. , Iskandar G. , Bell V. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractParanoia is a common symptom of psychotic disorders but is also present on a spectrum of severity in the general population. Although paranoia is associated with an increased tendency to perceive cohesion and conspiracy within groups, the mechanistic basis of this variation remains unclear. One potential avenue involves the brain’s dopaminergic system, which is known to be altered in psychosis. In this study, we used large-N online samples to establish the association between trait paranoia and perceptions of cohesion and conspiracy. We further evaluated the role of dopamine on perceptions of cohesion and conspiracy using a double-blind, placebo-controlled laboratory experiment where participants received levodopa or a placebo control. Our results were mixed: group perceptions and perceptions of cohesion were higher among more paranoid individuals but were not altered under dopamine administration. We outline the potential reasons for these discrepancies and the broader implications for understanding paranoia in terms of dopamine dysregulation.
Multiresidue method for the determination of critically and highly important classes of antibiotics and their metabolites in agricultural soils and sewage sludge
Authors: Mejías Carmen , Santos Juan Luis , Martín Julia , Aparicio Irene , Alonso Esteban 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this paper, a method is proposed for the determination of antibiotics classified by the World Health Organization as critically important (four macrolides and three quinolones) and highly important (one tetracycline, one diaminopyridine, and three sulfonamides) and eight of their metabolites. The method is based on ultrasound-assisted extraction, dispersive solid-phase extraction clean-up, and analytical determination by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Variables affecting each stage of the analytical method were thoroughly optimised. The method was validated for its application to sewage sludge from different treatment stages (non-treated sludge: primary and secondary sludge; and treated sludge: digested sludge and compost) and to agricultural soil. Limits of quantification were in the range of 0.03–7.50 ng g−1 dry weight (dw) for most of the compounds. Accuracy values were in the range of 70–102%. Precision was below 17%. The application of the method to real samples revealed that macrolides and fluoroquinolones were the antibiotic classes at the highest concentrations in all types of samples. The lowest concentrations of antibiotics were measured in compost (highest concentration: 27 ng g−1 dw, corresponding to norfloxacin) and soil samples (highest concentration: 93 ng g−1 dw, corresponding to a metabolite of clarithromycin). The proposed method is the first developed to date for the determination of multiclass antibiotics and their main metabolites in sludge from different treatment stages. The method can provide a useful tool for obtaining information about antibiotics in sewage sludge prior to its application to agricultural soils and in agricultural soils.
Graphical Abstract
Multiscale Coupling and the Maximum of $${\mathcal {P}}(\phi )_2$$ Models on the Torus
Authors: Barashkov Nikolay , Gunaratnam Trishen S. , Hofstetter Michael 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe establish a coupling between the $${\mathcal {P}}(\phi )_2$$

P

(
ϕ
)

2

measure and the Gaussian free field on the two-dimensional unit torus at all spatial scales, quantified by probabilistic regularity estimates on the difference field. Our result includes the well-studied $$\phi ^4_2$$

ϕ
2
4

measure. The proof uses an exact correspondence between the Polchinski renormalisation group approach, which is used to define the coupling, and the Boué–Dupuis stochastic control representation for $${\mathcal {P}}(\phi )_2$$

P

(
ϕ
)

2

. More precisely, we show that the difference field is obtained from a specific minimiser of the variational problem. This allows to transfer regularity estimates for the small-scales of minimisers, obtained using discrete harmonic analysis tools, to the difference field.As an application of the coupling, we prove that the maximum of the $${\mathcal {P}}(\phi )_2$$

P

(
ϕ
)

2

field on the discretised torus with mesh-size $$\epsilon > 0$$

ϵ
>
0

converges in distribution to a randomly shifted Gumbel distribution as $$\epsilon \rightarrow 0$$

ϵ
→
0

.
Microbial Phytases: Properties and Applications in the Food Industry
Authors: Joudaki Hanane , Aria Negar , Moravej Roya , Rezaei Yazdi Mohamadreza , Emami-Karvani Zarrindokht , Hamblin Michael R. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMicrobial phytases are enzymes that break down phytic acid, an anti-nutritional compound found in plant-based foods. These enzymes which are derived from bacteria and fungi have diverse properties and can function under different pH and temperature conditions. Their ability to convert phytic acid into inositol and inorganic phosphate makes them valuable in food processing. The application of microbial phytases in the food industry has several advantages. Firstly, adding them to animal feedstuff improves phosphorus availability, leading to improved nutrient utilization and growth in animals. This also reduces environmental pollution by phosphorus from animal waste. Secondly, microbial phytases enhance mineral bioavailability and nutrient assimilation in plant-based food products, counteracting the negative effects of phytic acid on human health. They can also improve the taste and functional properties of food and release bioactive compounds that have beneficial health effects. To effectively use microbial phytases in the food industry, factors like enzyme production, purification, and immobilization techniques are important. Genetic engineering and protein engineering have enabled the development of phytases with improved properties such as enhanced stability, substrate specificity, and resistance to degradation. This review provides an overview of the properties and function of phytases, the microbial strains that produce them, and their industrial applications, focusing on new approaches.
Assessing the future influence of the North Pacific trade wind precursors on ENSO in the CMIP6 HighResMIP multimodel ensemble
Authors: Pivotti Valentina , Anderson Bruce T. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), as one of the largest coupled climate modes, influences the livelihoods of millions of people and ecosystems survival. Thus, how ENSO is expected to behave under the influence of anthropogenic climate change is a substantial question to investigate. In this paper, we analyze future predictions of specific traits of ENSO, in combination with a subset of well-established precursors—the Trade Wind Charging and North Pacific Meridional Mode (TWC/NPMM). We study it across three sets of experiments from a protocol-driven ensemble from CMIP6—the High Resolution Model Intercomparison Project (HighResMIP). Namely, (1) experiments at constant 1950’s radiative forcings, and (2) experiments of present (1950–2014) and (3) future (2015–2050) climate with prescribed increasing radiative forcings. We first investigate the current and predicted spatial characteristics of ENSO events, by calculating area, amplitude and longitude of the Center of Heat Index (CHI). We see that TWC/NPMM-charged events are consistently stronger, in both the presence and absence of external forcings; however, as anthropogenic forcings increase, the area of all ENSO events increases. Since the TWC/NPMM-ENSO relationship has been shown to affect the oscillatory behavior of ENSO, we analyze ENSO frequency by calculating CHI-analogous indicators on the Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) of its signal. With this new methodology, we show that across the ensemble, ENSO oscillates at different frequencies, and its oscillatory behavior shows different degrees of stochasticity, over time and across models. However, we see no consistent indication of future trends in the oscillatory behavior of ENSO and the TWC/NPMM-ENSO relationship.
Permanent occlusion of the Eustachian tube: a retrospective study on reopening procedures
Authors: Sudhoff Holger 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Purpose
This study retrospectively evaluated the efficacy and versatility of reopening procedures for the permanent occlusion of the cartilaginous Eustachian tube (POET) by analyzing four consecutive cases.

Methods
The study included all patients diagnosed with POET who suffered from Eustachian tube occlusion and glue ear. A combined approach of endoscopic transnasal/transoral laser surgery was utilized to reopen the POET. This was subsequently followed by balloon dilation (BET) and stenting for a duration of six weeks. In one distinct case, the Eustachian tube orifice was approached via a transtympanic method, where a balloon catheter was placed. The primary outcome measures targeted the success rate of reopening, which was quantified using audiological outcomes and Eustachian tube patency verified by a positive Valsalva maneuver.

Results
Four patients, with an age range of 14–62 years (mean age of 29.3 years), were subject to Eustachian tube reopening. The duration of follow-up varied between 10 and 24 months, averaging at 16.2 months. Notably, 75% of the surgically treated ears displayed no evidence of glue ear upon their last follow-up and showed restoration of Eustachian tube patency. The procedures were executed without any surgical complications. The causes for POET in these patients were heterogeneous: two were attributed to scarring post adenoidectomy, one to occlusion following orthognathic surgery and the remaining one due to prior radiotherapy treatment for squamous cell carcinoma located at the soft palate.

Discussion
Total occlusion of the cartilaginous Eustachian tube may be linked to persistent middle ear diseases. It is imperative to conduct nasopharyngeal endoscopy in these cases. The findings from this study suggest that the Eustachian tube reopening procedure is predominantly effective and safe for patients with POET stemming from a variety of pathologies. Future research should focus on exploring advanced stenting devices and necessitate longer follow-up periods for comprehensive understanding.
Spitting in the wind?—The challenges of RNA sequencing for biomarker discovery from saliva
Authors: Gosch Annica , Banemann Regine , Dørum Guro , Haas Cordula , Hadrys Thorsten , Haenggi Nadescha , Kulstein Galina , Neubauer Jacqueline , Courts Cornelius 
Published: October 2023

AbstractForensic trace contextualization, i.e., assessing information beyond who deposited a biological stain, has become an issue of great and steadily growing importance in forensic genetic casework and research. The human transcriptome encodes a wide variety of information and thus has received increasing interest for the identification of biomarkers for different aspects of forensic trace contextualization over the past years. Massively parallel sequencing of reverse-transcribed RNA (“RNA sequencing”) has emerged as the gold standard technology to characterize the transcriptome in its entirety and identify RNA markers showing significant expression differences not only between different forensically relevant body fluids but also within a single body fluid between forensically relevant conditions of interest. Here, we analyze the quality and composition of four RNA sequencing datasets (whole transcriptome as well as miRNA sequencing) from two different research projects (the RNAgE project and the TrACES project), aiming at identifying contextualizing forensic biomarker from the forensically relevant body fluid saliva. We describe and characterize challenges of RNA sequencing of saliva samples arising from the presence of oral bacteria, the heterogeneity of sample composition, and the confounding factor of degradation. Based on these observations, we formulate recommendations that might help to improve RNA biomarker discovery from the challenging but forensically relevant body fluid saliva.
eHealth tools to assess the neurological function for research, in absence of the neurologist – a systematic review, part I (software)
Authors: Ferreira Vasco Ribeiro , Metting Esther , Schauble Joshua , Seddighi Hamed , Beumeler Lise , Gallo Valentina 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Neurological disorders remain a worldwide concern due to their increasing prevalence and mortality, combined with the lack of available treatment, in most cases. Exploring protective and risk factors associated with the development of neurological disorders will allow for improving prevention strategies. However, ascertaining neurological outcomes in population-based studies can be both complex and costly. The application of eHealth tools in research may contribute to lowering the costs and increase accessibility. The aim of this systematic review is to map existing eHealth tools assessing neurological signs and/or symptoms for epidemiological research.

Methods
Four search engines (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus & EBSCOHost) were used to retrieve articles on the development, validation, or implementation of eHealth tools to assess neurological signs and/or symptoms. The clinical and technical properties of the software tools were summarised. Due to high numbers, only software tools are presented here.

Findings
A total of 42 tools were retrieved. These captured signs and/or symptoms belonging to four neurological domains: cognitive function, motor function, cranial nerves, and gait and coordination. An additional fifth category of composite tools was added. Most of the tools were available in English and were developed for smartphone device, with the remaining tools being available as web-based platforms. Less than half of the captured tools were fully validated, and only approximately half were still active at the time of data collection.

Interpretation
The identified tools often presented limitations either due to language barriers or lack of proper validation. Maintenance and durability of most tools were low. The present mapping exercise offers a detailed guide for epidemiologists to identify the most appropriate eHealth tool for their research.

Funding
The current study was funded by a PhD position at the University of Groningen. No additional funding was acquired.
Subjective and objective responses to caloric stimulation help separate vestibular migraine from other vestibular disorders
Authors: Hannigan I. P. , Rosengren S. M. , Bharathy G. K. , Prasad M. , Welgampola M. S. , Watson S. R. D. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Nystagmus generated during bithermal caloric test assesses the horizontal vestibulo-ocular-reflex. Any induced symptoms are considered unwanted side effects rather than diagnostic information.

Aim
We hypothesized that nystagmus slow-phase-velocity (SPV) and subjective symptoms during caloric testing would be higher in vestibular migraine (VM) patients compared with peripheral disorders such as Meniere’s disease (MD) and non-vestibular dizziness (NVD).

Methods
Consecutive patients (n = 1373, 60% female) referred for caloric testing were recruited. During caloric irrigations, patients scored their subjective sensations. We assessed objective-measures, subjective vertigo (SVS), subjective nausea (SNS), and test completion status.

Results
Nystagmus SPV for VM, MD (unaffected side), and NVD were 29 ± 12.8, 30 ± 15.4, and 28 ± 14.2 for warm irrigation and 24 ± 8.9, 22 ± 10.0, and 25 ± 12.8 for cold-irrigation. The mean SVS were 2.5 ± 1.1, 1.5 ± 1.33, and 1.5 ± 1.42 for warm irrigation and 2.2 ± 1.1, 1.1 ± 1.19, and 1.1 ± 1.16 for cold-irrigation. Age was significantly correlated with SVS and SNS, (p < 0.001) for both. The SVS and SNS were significantly higher in VM compared with non-VM groups (p < 0.001), and there was no difference in nystagmus SPV. VM patients SVS was significantly different to the SVS of migraineurs in the other diagnostic groups (p < 0.001). Testing was incomplete for 34.4% of VM and 3.2% of MD patients. To separate VM from MD, we computed a composite value representing the caloric data, with 83% sensitivity and 71% specificity. Application of machine learning to these metrics plus patient demographics yielded better separation (96% sensitivity and 85% specificity).

Conclusion
Perceptual differences between VM and non-VM patients during caloric stimulation indicate that subjective ratings during caloric testing are meaningful measures. Combining objective and subjective measures could provide optimal separation of VM from MD.
Evaluation of an institutional series of low-grade oncocytic tumor (LOT) of the kidney and review of the mutational landscape of LOT
Authors: Ricci Costantino , Ambrosi Francesca , Franceschini Tania , Giunchi Francesca , Grillini Alessia , Franchini Eugenia , Grillini Marco , Schiavina Riccardo , Massari Francesco , Mollica Veronica , Tateo Valentina , Bianchi Federico Mineo , Bianchi Lorenzo , Droghetti Matteo , Maloberti Thais , Tallini Giovanni , Colecchia Maurizio , Acosta Andres Martin , Lobo João , Trpkov Kiril , Fiorentino Michelangelo , de Biase Dario 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe 2022 WHO classification of urinary and male genital tumors introduced several novel kidney entities exhibiting eosinophilic/oncocytic features with specific mutational backgrounds. Thus, molecular techniques, such as next-generation sequencing (NGS), became more commonly used for their evaluation. We studied 12 low-grade oncocytic tumors (LOT) of the kidney (from 11 patients), identified in a cohort of 210 eosinophilic/oncocytic renal tumors, diagnosed in our institution between October 2019 and May 2023, which represented 5.7% (12/210) of all eosinophilic/oncocytic renal tumors during this period. We reviewed their clinicopathologic, histologic, and immunohistochemical features, as well as their mutational profiles. We also reviewed the literature on NGS-derived data of LOT, by selecting papers in which LOT diagnosis was rendered according to the criteria proposed initially. Median age was 65 years (mean: 63.5; range 43–79) and median tumor size was 2.0 cm (mean: 2.2; range: 0.9–3.1). All tumors were positive for PAX8, CK7, and GATA3, and negative or focally positive for CD117/KIT. We found the following gene mutations: MTOR ((6/11), 54.5%)), TSC1 ((2/11), 18.2%)), and 1 had both NOTCH1 and NOTCH4 ((1/11), 9.1%)). Wild-type status was found in 2/11 (18.2%) patients and one tumor was not analyzable. A review of 8 previous studies that included 79 LOTs revealed frequent mutations in the genes that regulate the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway: MTOR (32/79 (40.5%)), TSC1 (21/79 (26.6%)), and TSC2 (9/79 (11.4%)). Other mutated genes included PIK3CA, NF2, and PTEN, not typically known to affect the mTOR pathway, but potentially acting as upstream and downstream effectors. Our study shows that LOT is increasingly diagnosed in routine practice when applying the appropriate diagnostic criteria. We also confirm that the mTOR pathway is strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of this tumor mainly through MTOR, TCS1, and TSC2 mutations, but other genes could also be involved in the pathway activation, especially in LOTs without “canonical” mutations.