bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parathyroid transplantation
Authors: Wells Samuel A. , Stirman Jerry A. , Bolman R. Morton 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThis is a review of our current experience with the technique of parathyroid transplantation in man. We have performed 68 autografts and 2 allografts. The indications for parathyroid autotransplantation include primary and secondary parathyroid hyperplasia, repeat neck exploration for persistent or recurrent hyperparathyroidism, and total thyroidectomy for carcinoma. Indications for allotransplantation include the unsuccessful medical management of hypoparathyroidism and complete DiGeorge's syndrome. Graft function was successful in a high percentage of cases as documented by a normal serum calcium concentration with the grafted parathyroid tissue as the only source of parathyroid hormone, by detecting high concentrations of PTH in the antecubital vein draining the grafted arm and, histologically, by light and electron microscopy of the grafts.
A prospective comparison of the jejunoileal and gastric bypass operations for morbid obesity
Authors: Buckwalter Joseph A. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractA prospective, randomized clinical trial has been conducted in 38 morbidly obese patients to compare jejunoileal bypass (19 patients) with gastric bypass (19 patients). At this point the patients have been followed up for periods of from 1 month to 2 years, and 12 patients in each surgical group have been observed for 6 months or longer after operation. There was one death among the 38 patients, a woman with a gastric bypass who developed a pulmonary embolus 22 days postoperatively. Gastric bypass resulted in somewhat greater weight loss than jejunoileal bypass. Although the follow‐up period has been short, jejunoileal bypass has resulted in greater morbidity and expense to the patient than gastric bypass. In particular, gastric bypass did not cause progression of liver lesions in any of the 6 patients who had liver biopsies 1 year postoperatively, while jejunoileal bypass was associated with development of fatty metamorphosis in the liver of 3 patients after 1 year. The entry of new patients into the clinical trial has been discontinued because we believe there is sufficient evidence to indicate that gastric bypass is superior to jejunoileal bypass in the treatment of morbid obesity.
Histological, laboratory, and x‐ray findings after repair of the common bile duct with a Teflon® graft
Authors: Hartung Hans , Kirchner Rainer , Baba Nobuo , Waldmann Dieter , Strecker Ernst ‐Peter 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe common duct was ligated in 25 dogs, 5 of which served as controls. Serum bilirubin, GOT, GPT, and alkaline phosphatase were measured pre‐ and postoperatively. Eight days later, in 10 dogs, a longitudinal incision was made across the stenosed segment of the common bile duct, which was then widened with a Teflon® patch. In 10 other dogs, the stenosis was resected and the defect was bridged with a Teflon® prosthesis. A few days later, laboratory parameters returned to normal. Histological examination after 4 weeks showed that the Teflon® patch and Teflon® prosthesis were lined with bile duct epithelium. X‐ray studies 6, 12 and 24 months after repair showed no evidence of stenosis.We conclude that it is possible to use a Teflon® graft in reconstructive common bile duct surgery.
Hormonal control of parietal cell function
Authors: Soll Andrew H. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractIn order to study the actions of secretagogues and inhibitors of acid secretion, parietal cells have been isolated from canine fundic mucosa. Prepared by the sequential exposure to collagenase and EDTA of mucosa that has been bluntly separated from submucosa, these parietal cells retain responsiveness to stimulation as evidenced by increases in oxygen uptake and aminopyrine accumulation, and by undergoing the morphologic transformation that characterizes the stimulated parietal cell in intact mucosa. Cimetidine and atropine specifically inhibited the effects of histamine and carbachol, respectively, but failed to inhibit the small response to gastrin, which indicates that the parietal cell has separate and specific receptors for each of these two stimulants plus a third receptor for gastrin. Furthermore, potentiating interactions were found between histamine and gastrin, and histamine and carbachol, but not between carbachol and gastrin. However, when parietal cells were treated simultaneously with histamine, gastrin, and carbachol, in concentrations that when acting alone produced threshold stimulation, a three‐way potentiating interaction was found. In the presence of these combinations, atropine and cimetidine retained their respective specificities against carbachol and histamine. The specific actions of these inhibitors may explain their apparent nonspecificity in vivo in that, by blocking the histamine and carbachol components of potentiating interactions, the agents will appear to block the actions of the pharmacologically unrelated components of the interaction. Thus, in vivo, if the parietal cell were under sufficient effects from endogenous histamine and acetylcholine to support potentiating interactions, then the potentiated response to superimposed stimuli such as gastrin would be inhibited by both cimetidine and atropine.
Effect of renal failure on gastrointestinal hormones
Authors: Hansky Jack 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe development of sensitive, specific radioimmunoassays has enabled study of gastrointestinal hormones in various disease states. Since the findings that the kidney catabolizes gastrin and serum gastrin is elevated in chronic renal failure and in anephric patients, other hormones have been studied in these conditions. Cholecystokinin (CCK), GIP, glucagon, and secretin are all elevated in chronic renal failure and the degree of elevation is correlated with the severity of renal impairment. Hemodialysis leads to a lowering of gastrin and GIP but has no effect on CCK or glucagon. Levels of gastrin return to normal following successful renal transplantation. The role that these elevated hormone levels play in altered gastrointestinal function in renal failure is uncertain.
Catabolism of gastrin and secretin
Authors: Thompson James C. , Llanos Osvaldo L. , Teichmann Reinhard K. , Schafmayer Anton , Rayford Phillip L. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractIn order to determine whether the uptake of gastrin and secretin is limited to specific organ systems (especially the kidney) or whether loss is a nonspecific occurrence across all capillary beds, we have measured the uptake of endogenous and exogenous gastrin and secretin in 32 anesthetized dogs. In 6 dogs, antral irrigation with 0.5% acetylcholine solution produced a brisk increase in gastrin concentrations measured in blood from the aorta. Concentrations in blood from the renal, jugular, and femoral veins were all significantly lower, and there was an integrated uptake of gastrin of 48% by the kidney, 43% by the hind leg, and 36% by the head (the differences were not significant from one another). Exogenous infusion of synthetic human gastrin in 6 dogs at 2 dose levels (0.4μg/kg‐h and 0.8μg/kg‐h) caused a rise in aortic blood concentration of gastrin with significantly lower levels in blood from the renal, femoral, and jugular veins. Calculated as integrated gastrins, the kidney removed 42%, the hind leg 35%, and the head 30% of gastrin at 0.8/μg/kg‐h. Similar percentages were extracted at the lower dose. In 5 dogs, endogenous release of secretin was secured by duodenal irrigation with 0.1 N HCl. This brought about an elevation in the aortic blood concentration of secretin from a basal level of around 60 pg/ml to 217 ±24 pg/ml at 45 minutes. Secretin concentrations in blood from the renal, femoral, and jugular veins were significantly lower, and the kidney removed 39%, the leg 29%, and the head 32% of integrated endogenously released secretin. There was no difference between the 3 sites. During infusion of exogenous secretin at 0.4 U/kg‐h, mean aortic blood levels ranged between 340–420 pg/ml, and levels in the blood from the renal, femoral, and jugular veins ranged between 220–295 pg/ml. When integrated secretin values were determined, the kidney was found to remove 42%, the hind leg 43%, and the head 43%. When secretin was given at 1 U/kg‐h, the kidney removed 46%, the hind leg 31%, and the head 26%. We conclude that extraction of gastrin and secretin occurs on transit of all capillary beds and appears to be a nonspecific process.
Response of undifferentiated thyroid carcinoma to combined modality treatment
Authors: Brun J. G. , Barre Y. , Barre T. , Mogenet M. , Reynier J. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractA case of undifferentiated cancer of thyroid, developing in an elderly female, is presented. This patient was treated by immuno‐chemotherapy and thyroidectomy with a good result. Following emergency treatment and biopsy, the patient received chemotherapy with adriamycin for 6 weeks and immunotherapy with an adjuvant (P40) derived fromCorynebacterium granulosumfor 3 weeks. A near‐total thyroidectomy was then performed.The authors suggest that, instead of the standard management of this disease—surgery and postoperative radiotherapy, combined modality therapy consisting of chemotherapy, surgery, and immunostimulation should be considered in the treatment of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma.
Reoperation for myocardial revascularization
Authors: Loop Floyd D. , Thurer Robert L. , Lytle Bruce W. , Cosgrove Delos M. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractAt The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, reoperations for myocardial revascularization make up 2.7% of all cardiac operations. Major indications for reoperation include: (a) graft failure, (b) progressive atherosclerosis in grafted or ungrafted vessels, (c) previous incomplete revascularization, and (d) combinations of the other 3. Almost one‐half of the candidates satisfy more than 1 of the first 3 indications. Although few in number, late graft closure due to atherosclerosis is seen with increasing frequency. Systemic hypothermia coupled with intermittent cold cardioplegia shortens operating time, enhances myocardial protection, and markedly reduces the occurrence of low cardiac output postoperatively. Recent methods of blood conservation and their potential effect on morbidity are discussed.In the first 219 patients operated on through mid‐1975, the operative mortality rate was 3.7%, and in subsequent years it was 2%. Although complete relief of angina is achieved less frequently after reoperation, in a follow‐up period of 2.5 years, 87% of the 202 surviving patients improved at least one functional class. Relief of angina is virtually the same for each indication category. Those with progressive atherosclerosis had essentially the same clinical result as those operated on for graft failure. A successful result depends on selection of patients with adequate vessel caliber and runoff. Internal mammary artery (IMA) grafting is the procedure of choice for a failed anterior descending vein graft. Although complete revascularization is ideal, many of those who still have perfusion deficits because of diffuse disease can be improved clinically.
Management of ventricular aneurysms following myocardial infarction
Authors: Gay William A. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractAneurysmectomy is the most effective form of therapy for patients with symptomatic aneurysms of the left ventricle following myocardial infarction. Operation should not be undertaken less than 2 months following myocardial infarction unless there is severe hemodynamic derangement. Circulatory assist devices, such as the intra‐aortic balloon pump, have been of particular help in this group of severely ill patients. Results of elective aneurysmectomy performed 2 months or more following myocardial infarction are quite good, with the long‐term outlook for the patient generally depending on the function of the uninvolved myocardium and the status of the remaining coronary circulation. When ventricular irritability results in life‐threatening arrhythmia, aneurysmectomy must often be performed. The results in this group of patients have been somewhat disappointing, but newer techniques of localizing irritable foci may result in the development of more effective surgical procedures.
Results of a randomized study of medical and surgical management of angina pectoris
Authors: Takaro Timothy ,   The Participants in the V.A. Cooperative Study of Surgery for Coronary Arterial Occlusive Disease
Published: April 2005

AbstractOf 686 male adults randomly allocated to 2 treatment groups in the 3 years 1972, 1973, and 1974, there were 354 assigned to the medical (control) group and 332 assigned to medical plus surgical treatment (in 95% of cases, to saphenous vein aortocoronary bypass procedure alone). There were no statistically significant differences between the 2 groups in any of 35 different clinical, electrocardiographic and arteriographic characteristics at baseline, except for serum cholesterol, so the 2 groups were judged to be comparable. Twelve percent of patients were found to have significant disease of the left main coronary artery, in almost all instances in addition to disease of other vessels. For this subgroup, surgery was associated with increased survival (at 4 years,p<0.001). For the remaining 88% of patients, and for the 6 subgroups into which they could be categorized on the basis of extent of disease and status of left ventricular function, no significant differences in survival could as yet be identified in these preliminary analyses. Another important finding was that inclusion of patients with left main coronary artery disease in the analyses of subgroups with 3‐vessel disease gave results for survival favoring surgically randomized patients, to a statistically significant degree. If patients with left main coronary artery disease were excluded, the difference in survival between medically and surgically treated patients was no longer statistically significant. Medically treated patients had better survival rates than earlier reports in the literature had indicated. Data on morbidity and quality of life are undergoing continuing analysis.
Gastric ulcers following vagotomy in piglets
Authors: Gordon Angus B. , Trow Richard S. , Norton Lawrence W. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractAcute gastric ulceration occurred within 2 days of highly selective vagotomy (HSV) or truncal vagotomy and pyloroplasty (VP) in 24 of 38 piglets (63%). Twenty‐three control animals with gastric and nongastric sham operations or anesthesia alone had normal stomachs when examined after 2 days. Microspheres labeled with various isotopes were injected sequentially to study a possible hemodynamic etiology of postvagotomy ulceration. At intervals of 1, 3, and 5 hours after vagotomy or a control operation, microspheres were injected into the left atrium. Animals were sacrificed 48 hours later and stomachs excised, inspected, divided into 1–2 cm squares and counted for radioactivity. Blood flow to squares, gastric regions, and total stomach was calculated for each isotope (time interval). Total flow in squares with and without ulcers was similar, but the distribution of flow between mucosa and muscle varied. In HSV piglets, mucosal perfusion decreased 41% in ulcerated squares and 21% in normal areas. Muscle flow was increased 95% in ulcerated squares and 177% in normal areas. In VP piglets, mucosal perfusion was reduced 45% in squares with ulcers and 21% in normal squares, while muscle flow increased 18% in ulcerated samples and 194% in normal areas. Vagotomy appears to cause acute gastric ulceration in piglets by diverting gastric blood flow from mucosa to muscle.
Experience with intra‐aortic balloon pumping and the first clinical application of an ellipsoid left ventricular assist device
Authors: Fasching Wolf , Unger Felix , Deutsch Manfred , Horcher Ernst , Stellwag Fritz , Thoma Herwig , Weisskirchner Robert , Wolner Ernst , Polzer Kurt , Navratil Johann 
Published: April 2005

AbstractBetween December, 1969 and August, 1977, there were 121 patients treated with intraaortic balloon pumping (IABP). Initially, failure of the heart after myocardial infarction was the only indication for IABP. Subsequently, other indications were added, including cardiac failure after cardiac valve replacement or after coronary artery surgery or after general surgery, unstable angina, impending myocardial infarction, and prophylaxis in highrisk patients undergoing coronary artery surgery. Mortality rates were high, despite the use of IABP, for cardiogenic shock following myocardial infarction (87%) and for postoperative cardiac failure after heart valve replacement (90%), coronary artery surgery (52%), and general surgical operations (66%). The mortality rates were lower when IABP was used for impending reinfarction (17%), intermediate syndrome (19%), and as prophylaxis in highrisk patients prior to coronary artery surgery (18%). Because 47% of patients with cardiogenic shock did not respond to IABP, we have evaluated an implantable left ventricular assist device (LVAD) in calf experiments since 1972. The first clinical application of an ellipsoid‐LVAD (E‐LVAD) occurred in June, 1977 in a 57‐year‐old patient after aortic valve replacement. After 6 hours of pumping with the E‐LVAD, the heart recovered and was able to maintain good circulation with IABP. The poor results of IABP in patients with heart pump failure might be improved by the use of the more powerful left ventricular assist devices.
Making Magic
Authors: Styers Randall G. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractSince the emergence of religious studies and the social sciences as academic disciplines in the late nineteenth century, the concept of "magic" has played a major role in defining religion and in mediating religion's relation to science. Many of the most important scholars in these disciplines have debated the relation of magic to religion and science, yet traditional efforts to formulate distinctions among these categories have proved notoriously unstable, the subject of repeated critique and deconstruction. The notion of magic has remained stubbornly amorphous. This book seeks to account for the extraordinary vitality of scholarly discourse purporting to define and explain magic despite its failure to do just that. The book argues that the persistence of scholarly debates over magic can best be explained in light of the Western drive to establish and secure distinctive norms for modern identity--norms based on narrow forms of instrumental rationality, industrious labor, rigidly defined sexual roles, and the containment of wayward forms of desire. Magic has served to designate a form of alterity or deviance against which dominant Western notions of appropriate religious piety, legitimate scientific rationality, and orderly social relations are brought into relief. Scholars have found magic an invaluable tool in their efforts to define the appropriate boundaries of religion and science. On a broader level, magical thinking has served as an important foil for modernity itself. Debates over the nature of magic have offered a particularly rich site at which scholars have worked to define and to contest the nature of modernity and norms for life in the modern world.
Geometry, Space, and Transcendental Idealism
Authors: Dicker Georges 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThis chapter expounds Kant’s view of space in contrast to those of Newton and Leibniz, and explains how Kant was led to this view by an argument from geometry. It explains how his view of the ideality of space led to his broader doctrine of Transcendental Idealism. It offers criticisms of Transcendental Idealism in its strong form and proposes a philosophically more defensible “weak” form of Transcendental Idealism.
Introduction
Authors: Rosen Christine 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
This introductory chapter describes the main themes of the book, placing them within the context of the scientific and cultural milieu from which the eugenics movement and its religious supporters emerged. It describes the science of eugenics and its founder, Francis Galton, and the 19th century scientific discoveries upon which the eugenics movement would build, including Darwinian evolutionary theory and Lamarckianism, as well as a brief overview of the conflict between religion and science, as exemplified in the work of John William Draper and Andrew Dickson White. The chapter also discusses the influence of the Progressive Movement on American culture in the early 20th century, and an overview of liberal and modernist Protestantism, Reform Judaism, and liberal Catholicism.
Introduction
Authors: FISHBANE MICHAEL 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
This chapter discusses myth and mythmaking in the Hebrew Bible on the basis of two thematic constellations: with reference to a paradigmatic divine action, specifically to a divine battle against the sea, adduced or invoked in conjunction with origin of the world or subsequent acts of divine power; and on the divine personalities themselves who provide sustenance, protection, or military assistance to their faithful subjects. It is argued that the logos model of creation marks a mythic perspective different from the one that views God’s suppression of sea monsters in ancient days a paradigm of His power to destroy the historical enemies of Israel, or otherwise bring salvation. Such a combative model gives a different type of hope to the faithful while showing a theological parallelism between a formative act of origins and ongoing expressions of divine sovereignty.
Myths of Participation and Pathos
Authors: FISHBANE MICHAEL 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
This chapter explores the divine acts performed in the course of Israel’s sacred history and beyond. It is argued that myth is present as the correlation between divine activity and events in history. The mythic fabulations of the rabbis constitute a midrashic register only partly disclosed at the level of biblical plain sense. The pattern of imagery or semantic structure of a given biblical verse or phrase often conditions the actions revealed in the midrashic myths. Such parallelism marks the complex interrelationship between myth and history in these rabbinic sources.
Divine Sorrow and the Rupture of Exile
Authors: FISHBANE MICHAEL 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
The themes of destruction, sorrow and exile recurring throughout midrashic literature are also found in Zoharic literature. Their reuse is distinguished by the drama and crisis in the supernal realms caused by the loss of the Temple in Jerusalem, and banishment of the nation from its homeland. In the new myth, the effect extends beyond the divine personality. Three expressions of this myth are examined: the first two provide terse teachings of two dimensions of the myth of divine rupture; the third provides an account of divine loss and longing.
2 Pillars of the Tradition
Authors: Rea Michael C. 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
Begins the defense of the conclusion that the characterization of naturalism that is most faithful to the tradition, and the one that best explains both the similarities and the differences one finds among contemporary naturalists, is one which takes naturalism to be not a view but a research programme. Provides a brief discussion of the pre‐history of naturalism, together with a more extended discussion of the relevant views of naturalism's two main spokesmen in the twentieth century – John Dewey and W. V. Quine. The purpose of this chapter is to give the reader a clear perspective on the core dispositions underlying the naturalistic tradition.
5 Proper Function
Authors: Rea Michael C. 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
In an earlier chapter, the author argues that naturalists can justifiably accept realism about material objects only if the methods of science justify belief in intrinsic modal properties. One suggestion as to how they might do this is as follows: beliefs attributing intrinsic modal properties to material objects are justified because their truth provides a good explanation for the existence of proper functions in nature. This examines this suggestion and argues that, except in the case of objects that are the products of design, proper functions are not empirically detectable.