bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chronic depolarization enhances the trophic effects of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor in rescuing auditory neurons following a sensorineural hearing loss
Authors: Shepherd Robert K. , Coco Anne , Epp Stephanie B. , Crook Jeremy M. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe development and maintenance of spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) appears to be supported by both neural activity and neurotrophins. Removal of this support leads to their gradual degeneration. Here, we examined whether the exogenous delivery of the neurotrophin brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in concert with electrical stimulation (ES) provides a greater protective effect than delivery of BDNF alone in vivo. The left cochlea of profoundly deafened guinea pigs was implanted with an electrode array and drug‐delivery system. BDNF or artificial perilymph (AP) was delivered continuously for 28 days. ES induced neural activity in two cohorts (BDNF/ES and AP/ES), and control animals received BDNF or AP without ES (BDNF/– and AP/–). The right cochleae of the animals served as deafened untreated controls. Electrically evoked auditory brainstem responses (EABRs) were recorded immediately following surgery and at completion of the drug‐delivery period. AP/ES and AP/– cohorts showed an increase in EABR threshold over the implantation period, whereas both BDNF cohorts exhibited a reduction in threshold (P < 0.001, t‐test). Changes in neural sensitivity were complemented by significant differences in both SGN survival and soma area. BDNF cohorts demonstrated a significant trophic or survival advantage and larger soma area compared with AP‐treated and deafened control cochleae; this advantage was greatest in the base of the cochlea. ES significantly enhanced the survival effects of BDNF throughout the majority of the cochlea (P < 0.05, Bonferroni's t‐test), although there was no evidence of trophic support provided by ES alone. Cotreatment of SGNs with BDNF and ES provides a substantial functional and trophic advantage; this treatment may have important implications for neural prostheses. J. Comp. Neurol. 486:145–158, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Regionalization of the anterior hypothalamus in the chick embryo
Authors: Caqueret Aurore , Coumailleau Pascal , Michaud Jacques L. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractLoss‐of‐function experiments in mice have shown that the transcription factors Sim1, Otp, Sim2, and Brn2 form a cascade essential for the differentiation of neuroendocrine cells of the anterior hypothalamus that produce vasopressin, oxytocin, somatostatin (SS), thyrotropin‐releasing hormone (TRH), and corticotropin‐releasing hormone (CRH). Very little is known about how the differentiation of these cell types is regulated in chick. Here, we report the cloning of the chick homolog of Otp. Moreover, we have systematically compared the expression of Sim1, Sim2, Brn2, and Otp with that of the markers of terminal differentiation TRH, SS, CRH, vasotocin, and mesotocin during development of chick embryos. We have found that the cell types studied generally develop in domains expressing these transcriptional regulators but that the pattern of neuronal differentiation and the spatial distribution of some regulators were not the same as in mice. Our results provide a framework useful for the functional analysis of hypothalamus development in chick. Developmental Dynamics 233:652–658, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Organization of Hox genes in ascidians: Present, past, and future
Authors: Ikuta Tetsuro , Saiga Hidetoshi 
Published: April 2005

AbstractHox genes have been regarded to play a central role in anterior–posterior patterning of the animal body. Variations of Hox genes among animal species in the number, order on a chromosome, and the developmental expression pattern may reflect an evolutionary history. Therefore, it is definitely necessary to characterize Hox genes of wide variety of animal species, especially the species occupying key positions in the animal phylogeny. Ascidians, belonging to the subphylum Urochordata, are one of the sister groups of vertebrates in the phylum Chordata. Recent studies have shown that nine Hox genes of Ciona intestinalis, an ascidian species, are present on two chromosomes in the genome. In this review, we discuss the present state of Hox genes in ascidians, focusing on their novel chromosomal organization and expression pattern with unique features and how the novel organization has evolved in relation to the unique body plan of ascidians. Developmental Dynamics 233:382–389, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cardiac morphogenesis: Matrix metalloproteinase coordination of cellular mechanisms underlying heart tube formation and directionality of looping
Authors: Linask Kersti K. , Han Mingda , Cai Dong Hong , Brauer Philip R. , Maisastry Shyam M. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractDuring heart organogenesis, the spatiotemporal organization of the extracellular matrix (ECM) undergoes significant remodeling. Because matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are known to be key regulators of cell–matrix interactions, we analyzed the role(s) of MMPs, and specifically MMP‐2, in early heart development. Both MMP‐2 neutralizing antibody and the broad‐spectrum MMP inhibitor Ilomastat in a temporal manner, when applied between chick embryonic stages 5 (primitive streak stage) to stage 12 (∼16‐somites), produced severe heart tube defects. Exposure to the MMP inhibitor at stage 5 produced various degrees of cardia bifida. At the seven‐somite stage, MMP‐2/Ilomastat inhibition caused a shift in normal left‐right patterning of cell proliferation within the dorsal mesocardium and mesoderm of the anterior heart field that correlated with a change in looping direction. MMP inhibition at the 10‐ to 12‐somite stage resulted in an arrest of heart tube bending by inhibiting the breakdown of the dorsal mesocardial ECM. The experimental observations suggest that MMP activity regulates the coordination of early heart organogenesis by affecting ventral closure of the heart and gut tubes, asymmetric cell proliferation in the dorsal mesocardium to drive looping direction, and ECM degradation within the dorsal mesocardium allowing looping to proceed toward completion. Developmental Dynamics 233:739–753, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Contractile activity of skeletal musculature involved in breathing is essential for normal lung cell differentiation, as revealed in Myf5−/−:MyoD−/− embryos
Authors: Inanlou Mohammad Reza , Kablar Boris 
Published: April 2005

AbstractIn the current study, the role of contractile activity of respiratory muscles in fetal lung growth and cell differentiation was examined using Myf5−/−:MyoD−/− mouse embryos. As previously found, Myf5−/−:MyoD−/− mouse embryos had no respiratory musculature. Consequently, they suffered from pulmonary hypoplasia and died shortly after birth. The hypoplastic lung had decreased proliferation and increased apoptotic index as early as embryonic day 14.5. By contrast, only at the last gestational day, the number of lung cells expressing platelet derived growth factor B and insulin growth factor I was decreased, while the gradient of the thyroid transcription factor 1 was not maintained. Type II pneumocytes had a failure in glycogen utilization and surfactant storage and secretion but were able to synthesize the surfactant‐associated proteins. Type I pneumocytes were readily detectable using an early differentiation marker (i.e., Gp38). However, the late differentiation of type I pneumocytes never occurred, as revealed by transmission electron microscopy. Together, our findings suggest that pulmonary distension due to fetal breathing‐like movements plays an important role not only in lung growth but also in lung cell differentiation. Developmental Dynamics 233:772–782, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Splanchnic (visceral) mesoderm has limb‐forming ability according to the position along the rostrocaudal axis in chick embryos
Authors: Yonei‐Tamura Sayuri , Ide Hiroyuki , Tamura Koji 
Published: April 2005

AbstractPositioning of the limb is one of the important events for limb development. In the early stage of embryogenesis, the lateral plate mesoderm splits into two layers and the dorsal layer (the somatic mesoderm) gives rise to a series of distinct structures along the rostrocaudal axis, including the forelimb bud, flank body wall, and hindlimb bud. To determine whether positional information in the somatic mesoderm for regionalization along the rostrocaudal axis is also inherited by the ventral layer of the lateral plate mesoderm (the splanchnic mesoderm), experiments in which the splanchnic mesoderm was transplanted under the ectoderm in an in ovo chick system were carried out. Transplantation of the wing‐, flank‐, and leg‐level splanchnic mesoderm resulted in the formation of wings, nothing, and legs, respectively. These results suggest that the splanchnic mesoderm possesses the ability to form limbs and that the ability differs according to the position along the rostrocaudal axis. The position‐specific ability to form limbs suggests that there are some domains involved in the formation of position‐specific structures in the digestive tract derived from the splanchnic mesoderm, and results of cell fate tracing supported this possibility. In contrast, analysis of shh expression suggested that the anteroposterior polarity in the limb region seems not to be inherited by the splanchnic mesoderm. We propose that the positioning of limb buds is specified and determined in the very early stage of development of the lateral plate mesoderm before splitting and that the polarity in a limb bud is established after the splitting of the mesoderm. Developmental Dynamics 233:256–265, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adaptive video filtering framework
Authors: Lukac Rastislav , Fischer Viktor , Motyl Guy , Drutarovsky Milos 
Published: April 2005

AbstractWe present a new 3D adaptive filtering approach capable of detecting and removing impulsive noise in image/video sequences. The proposed method takes advantage of switching median schemes and robust lower‐upper‐middle (LUM) smoothing characteristics. Simulation studies reported in this article indicate that the proposed filtering scheme achieves an excellent trade‐off between noise attenuation and detail preserving characteristics, and clearly outperforms previously introduced approaches in terms of subjective and objective image quality measures. Besides the filter analysis and the testing of its performance, an important part of this article discusses the filter implementation in Altera field programmable logic devices (FPLD). Simulation studies indicate that the proposed method can be efficiently implemented in hardware and is suitable for real‐time image/video processing applications. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Imaging Syst Technol 14, 223–237, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ima.20027
Motion compensation by phase correction for synthetic‐aperture side‐scan sonar imaging
Authors: Lee Hua 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThis article presents a robust motion estimation and correction technique for the realization of synthetic‐aperture side‐scan sonar imaging. It utilizes the redundancy provided by the multiple‐element receiver array configuration. Physical‐array subimages are used for the estimation of the motion errors between adjacent receiver positions. Subsequently, the motion errors are formulated in the form of phase perturbations and are corrected accordingly by making adjustments to the wave‐field data samples prior to the formation of synthetic‐aperture images. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 14, 259–261, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ima.20029
Apoptosis and release of CD44s in bleomycin‐treated L132 cells
Authors: Koslowski R. , Fichtner F. , Barth K. , Roehlecke C. , Seidel D. , Kasper M. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe anti‐cancer drug bleomycin (BLM) induces lung injury and triggers apoptosis of alveolar epithelial cells. In epithelia, among other functions, the adhesion protein CD44 promotes the contact to components of the extracellular matrix like hyaluronate. A functional link between apoptosis and the loss of CD44 has been observed in colon carcinoma cells and involvement of CD44 in apoptosis of lung cells has been reported in several studies. The present in vitro study examined the expression of CD44s (CD44 standard) in two human epithelial lung cell lines, L132 and A549, during BLM‐induced apoptosis. A loss of CD44s by lung epithelial cells and an increase of the soluble form of this adhesion protein in culture supernatants upon exposure to BLM were observed. Apoptosis was characterized by an activation of caspase‐3 as well as by release of cytochrome C into the cytosol as shown for L132 cells. Inhibition of apoptosis by the broad‐range caspase inhibitor Z‐VAD‐fmk reduced CD44 release by both cell lines demonstrating that CD44 release is a result of apoptotic processes. Kinetic experiments failed to discriminate between the initiation of apoptosis and CD44 release. Blocking experiments using antagonistic anti‐CD95 receptor antibodies revealed that BLM may cause apoptosis and CD44 release in a CD95‐independent manner. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Significance of serum S‐100B in melanoma patients before and after sentinel node biopsy
Authors: Smit Léonie H.M. , Nieweg Omgo E. , Korse Catharina M. , Bonfrer Johannes M.G. , Kroon Bin B.R. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe clinical utility of the tumor marker serum S‐100B has been described in determining prognosis, for early diagnosis of recurrence and for disease monitoring in melanoma patients. Sentinel node biopsy is increasingly used as staging procedure for patients with clinically localized melanoma. The aim of this study was to determine the value of serum S‐100B in melanoma patients before and after sentinel lymph node biopsy.MethodsS‐100B values were measured prior to sentinel node biopsy in 89 patients and during follow‐up (median 41 months; range 7–73 months) in 88 patients. The detection limit is ≤0.08 μg/L. In our laboratory levels of 0.16 μg/L and above are classified as increased.ResultsTwenty‐four patients had tumor‐positive sentinel nodes, 65 had tumor‐free sentinel nodes. The median S‐100B value prior to the operation was ≤0.08 μg/L for all patients. Sensitivity and specificity of S‐100B to predict the tumor‐status of the sentinel node were 13% and 98%, respectively. Eighteen patients developed a melanoma‐related recurrence. Sensitivity for early diagnosis of recurrence was 55% and 33%, respectively for patients with a positive versus a negative sentinel node. Specificity was 100% in both patient groups.ConclusionsS‐100B is not useful in predicting the tumor‐status of the sentinel node, and questionable for early diagnosis of recurrence afterwards. Elevation of serum S‐100B is highly specific for melanoma recurrence. J. Surg. Oncol. 2005;90:66–69. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ductal carcinoma in situ in core biopsies containing invasive breast cancer: correlation with extensive intraductal component and lumpectomy margins
Authors: Dzierzanowski Martin , Melville Karen A , Barnes Penny J , MacIntosh Rebecca F , Caines Judy S , Porter Geoffrey A 
Published: April 2005

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe diagnosis of invasive breast cancer is most commonly made on image‐guided core biopsy (CB). The presence of extensive intraductal component (EIC), as identified on subsequent lumpectomy, is associated with an increased risk of positive margins and need for further surgery. CBs demonstrating invasive breast cancer may also contain ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), although the significance of this finding is unclear. The objective of this study was to examine the implications of DCIS found in the original CB, specifically related to the risk of EIC and/or positive lumpectomy margins.MethodsAll patients at a single academic institution who underwent initial breast conserving surgery for invasive breast cancer diagnosed on image‐guided CB between 05/00 and 04/02 were included in the study. A systematic, blinded review of all CB and lumpectomy specimens was performed using standardized criteria for DCIS, EIC, and margins.ResultsA total of 95 patients were included in the study, with a mean of 5 (median 5) CB/patient. Of these, 43 (45%) patients had DCIS identified in their CB; in 34 (79%) of these patients, the DCIS was mixed with the invasive cancer. No differences in tumor size or lumpectomy volume were identified between patients with or without DCIS on CB. However, patients with DCIS were noted to be significantly younger. Overall, EIC was identified in 13 (14%) patients; the risk of EIC was significantly higher in patients with DCIS identified in CB than in those with invasive carcinoma alone (30% vs. 0%, respectively; P < 0.0001). Expectedly, the incidence of positive margins on lumpectomy was higher in patients with EIC (38% vs. 16%; P = 0.05). A trend, although not statistically significant, towards positive margins was also noted in patients with DCIS on CB compared to those with invasive carcinoma alone (24% vs. 15%, P = 0.3).ConclusionsThe identification of DCIS in conjunction with invasive cancer on CB appears important; the absence of DCIS in a CB sample excludes the possibility of eventually identifying EIC. Knowledge of DCIS in CBs with invasive carcinoma may be helpful for surgeons in planning gross resection margins at lumpectomy. J. Surg. Oncol. 2005;90:71–76. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cytoreductive surgery and intraoperative hyperthermic chemoperfusion for advanced ovarian carcinoma
Authors: Reichman Trevor W. , Cracchiolo Bernadette , Sama Jahir , Bryan Margarette , Harrison Jonathan , Pliner Lillian , Harrison Lawrence E. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractBackgroundOptimal cytoreductive surgery combined with intraoperative hyperthermic chemoperfusion (IHCP) is a therapy that potentially could improve survival in a select group of patients with advanced ovarian cancer. The purpose of this study was to review the results of cytoreductive surgery and IHCP for advanced ovarian cancer and to identify factors that may predict which patients maximally benefit from this aggressive treatment.MethodsPatients treated with cytoreduction followed by IHCP for ovarian cancer were identified from an IHCP database from 1/2001 through 3/2004. Several factors including resection status, peritoneal cancer index (PCI), and prior surgery were evaluated for their ability to predict survival in our cohort of patients.ResultsThirteen patients with ovarian cancer treated with cytoreductive surgery followed by IHCP were identified. The 3‐year overall survival rate for all thirteen patients was 55%. The median disease‐free survival was 15.4 months (3‐year disease‐free survival, 11%). Several factors including PCI score (<6), ability to resect all gross disease, and previous surgical exploration appeared to impart an overall survival advantage.ConclusionsThe use of IHCP coupled with optimal cytoreduction is a safe and effective treatment for advanced ovarian carcinoma. However, the proper selection of patients who will benefit most from the therapy is essential for the success of the treatment. J. Surg. Oncol. 2005;90:51–56. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Extended multiorgan resection for T4 gastric carcinoma: 25‐year experience
Authors: Carboni Fabio , Lepiane Pasquale , Santoro Roberto , Lorusso Riccardo , Mancini Pietro , Sperduti Isabella , Carlini Massimo , Santoro Eugenio 
Published: April 2005

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesIn locally advanced gastric carcinoma infiltrating adjacent organs, an extended resection including invaded organs is required to improve the prognosis. We retrospectively analyzed our experience with extended multiorgan resection (EMR) in patients with advanced gastric cancer.MethodsBetween December 1979 and April 2004, 65 patients were resected for extended gastric carcinoma macroscopically invading other organs. Various clinicopathologic factors influencing early and late results were evaluated. Survival rates were calculated according to the Kaplan–Meier method. Prognostic factors were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analysis.ResultsThe majority of patients (61.5%) did receive a R0 curative resection. In 52 (80%) of the 65 presumed T4 cancers, histologic final analysis confirmed invasion. Postoperative morbidity and mortality was 27.7% and 12.3%, respectively. Actuarial 5‐year overall survival (OS) rate was 21.8%. It was significantly better in R0 versus R+ (30.6% vs. 0%, P = 0.001). Multivariate analysis identified curative resection as the strongest predictor of survival (P = 0.002).ConclusionsPatients with locally advanced gastric carcinoma invading adjacent organs can benefit from aggressive surgical treatment with acceptable morbidity and mortality. However, curative resection is mandatory to improve prognosis. J. Surg. Oncol. 2005;90:95–100. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of RCAS1 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is associated with a poor prognosis
Authors: Kato Hiroyuki , Nakajima Masanobu , Masuda Norihiro , Faried Ahmad , Sohda Makoto , Fukai Yasuyuki , Miyazaki Tatsuya , Fukuchi Minoru , Tsukada Katsuhiko , Kuwano Hiroyuki 
Published: April 2005

AbstractBackgroundReceptor‐binding cancer antigen expressed on SiSO cells (RCAS1) has been reported to act as a ligand for a receptor present on normal peripheral lymphocytes and to induce apoptotic cell death. We aimed to elucidate the significance of RCAS1 expression in human esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCC).MethodsRCAS1 expression was examined immunohistochemically in surgically resected esophageal carcinoma tissues from 114 patients. We also examined the relationships between RCAS1 expressions, the tumor Ki‐67 indices (a marker of proliferation), and the number of CD8+ tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs).ResultsRCAS1 immunoreactivity was detected in the membranes and cytoplasm of the tumor cells. Of the 114 esophageal carcinomas, 39 (34.2%) were strongly positive for RCAS1 immunostaining on the membranes of the cancer cells, 41 (36.0%) were weakly positive, and 34 (29.8%) were negative. A comparison of RCAS1 expression and clinicopathological characteristics in all 114 patients revealed significant associations between RCAS1 expression and lymph node status (P < 0.05), and pathologic stage (P < 0.05). The survival rates of patients with RCAS1‐negative tumors were significantly higher than those of patients with both RCAS1‐weak positive tumors and RCAS1‐strong positive ones (log‐rank P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that RCAS1 positivity was an independent prognostic factor (P < 0.05). The relationship between RCAS1 expression and the numbers of CD8+ T‐cells in the primary tumors revealed that RCAS1‐negative tumors tended to contain more of these cells than both RCAS1‐weak positive tumors and RCAS1‐strong positive ones (P = 0.2495).ConclusionsRCAS1 may play a significant role in tumor progression via an immune escape mechanism; thus, RCAS1 expression could be used as a predictor of poor prognosis in patients with ESCC. J. Surg. Oncol. 2005;90:89–94. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.