bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the effect of On-site supportive communication training (On-site SCT) on doctor burnout: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Antonsen K.K. , Lyhne J.D. , Johnsen A.T. , Eßer-Naumann S. , Poulsen L.Ø. , Lund L. , Timm S. , Jensen L.H. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Burnout is a critical factor that can influence the quality of care that doctors provide to their patients. Previous research suggests a link between inadequate communication skills training and burnout, and various approaches to enhance communication skills have been explored as a means to address this issue. However, evidence of the effect of these approaches is lacking. The aim of this study is to assess the effect of the novel On-site Supportive Communication Training (On-site SCT) in enhancing communication skills among oncologists and thereby addressing burnout.

Methods
This randomized, controlled, multicenter study was conducted across three oncological departments in Denmark. Doctors were eligible if they worked in the outpatient clinic at least four days per month and provided informed consent. Doctors in the intervention group underwent a two-hour introduction followed by three full days of On-site SCT facilitated by in-house psychologists, while those in the control group continued standard practices. Pre- and post-intervention assessments on burnout (Copenhagen Burnout Inventory) were conducted, as were assessments of related constructs (job satisfaction and communication self-efficacy). Differences in pre- and post- assessments were analyzed using a paired t-test. Feasibility was assessed descriptively by comparing intervention days with planned schedule, and doctors’ satisfaction with the intervention was assessed systematically by questionnaire.

Results
Of 101 screened doctors, 89 (88%) consented and were randomized. 65% were female, and the mean age was 46 (range 27 to 75). Due to nine exclusions, data from 39 doctors in the intervention group and 41 doctors in the control group were available for analysis. At baseline, doctors exhibited lower levels of burnout than reported in international literature. No statistically significant improvements in burnout (p > 0.05) were demonstrated post-intervention. Despite non-significant changes, the doctors reported an improvement in communication self-efficacy. The program showed high feasibility and received positive feedback from participating doctors.

Conclusions
Our findings caution against assuming a causal relationship between short-term interventions and a complex phenomenon like burnout. On-site SCT demonstrated high feasibility, participation rate and acceptance. This underscores its potential value in clinical settings. Consequently, On-site SCT will be implemented at the Department of Oncology, Vejle University Hospital, to facilitate further refinement based on ongoing feedback and to explore long-term outcomes.

Trial registration
December 2022– The Region of Southern Denmark (22/57137). April 2023– ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05842083). April 2023– The Research Ethics Committee at the University of Southern Denmark (23/19397).
Triggering final follicular maturation for IVF cycles
Authors: Orvieto Raoul 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
As part of a conventional controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) regimen, final follicular maturation is usually triggered by a single bolus dose of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). COH, which combines GnRH antagonist co-treatment with GnRH agonist(GnRHa) trigger, is often used in attempts to eliminate severe early ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome and to improve oocyte/embryo yield and quality. Recently, the combination of GnRHa, with hCG trigger has also been implemented into clinical practice. Here, we analyze and discuss published studies on various ways of triggering final follicular maturation, seeking to elucidate the appropriateness of each approach for specific patient subgroups.
Fecal microbiota changes associated with pathogenic and non-pathogenic diarrheas in foals
Authors: Shi Yijun , Maga Elizabeth A. , Mienaltowski Michael J. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objectives
Diarrhea is a common disease that could threaten the welfare of newborn foals. While there are several forms of foal diarrhea, the etiologies can be considered known pathogenic or non-pathogenic in nature. Moreover, there are likely differences in the composition of microbial populations in the gastrointestinal tracts of foals depending upon the etiology of diarrhea. Our study aims to examine the microbial population in the feces of foals with both pathogenic and non-pathogenic diarrheas to discern differences in their microbial compositions.

Results
Foal diarrhea samples tested positive or negative for common equine neonatal diarrhea pathogens by diagnostic polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which allowed for samples to be segregated as pathogenic or non-pathogenic. Pathogenic samples tested positive for combinations of Clostridium perfringens and/or Clostridioides difficile toxins. As a result, significantly higher alpha diversity was seen in the non-pathogenic samples than in pathogenic ones. Sequencing of the V4 domains of bacterial 16 S rRNA genes demonstrated that non-pathogenic samples had more alpha diversity. Furthermore, eight microbial families and eleven genera showed significant differences in their abundances between pathogenic and non-pathogenic diarrhea samples.
Life expectancy and years of life lost for adults with diagnosed ADHD in the UK: matched cohort study
Authors: O'Nions Elizabeth , El Baou Céline , John Amber , Lewer Dan , Mandy Will , McKechnie Douglas G.J. , Petersen Irene , Stott Josh 
Published: January 2025

Background
Nearly 3% of adults have attention-deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), although in the UK, most are undiagnosed. Adults with ADHD on average experience poorer educational and employment outcomes, worse physical and mental health and are more likely to die prematurely. No studies have yet used mortality data to examine the life expectancy deficit experienced by adults with diagnosed ADHD in the UK or worldwide.

Aims
This study used the life-table method to calculate the life-expectancy deficit for people with diagnosed ADHD using data from UK primary care.

Method
A matched cohort study using prospectively collected primary care data (792 general practices, 9 561 450 people contributing eligible person-time from 2000–2019). We identified 30 039 people aged 18+ with diagnosed ADHD, plus a comparison group of 300 390 participants matched (1:10) by age, sex and primary care practice. We used Poisson regression to estimate age-specific mortality rates, and life tables to estimate life expectancy for people aged 18+ with diagnosed ADHD.

Results
Around 0.32% of adults in the cohort had an ADHD diagnosis, ~1 in 9 of all adults with ADHD. Diagnoses of common physical and mental health conditions were more common in adults with diagnosed ADHD than the comparison group. The apparent reduction in life expectancy for adults with diagnosed ADHD relative to the general population was 6.78 years (95% CI: 4.50 to 9.11) for males, and 8.64 years (95% CI: 6.55 to 10.91) for females.

Conclusions
Adults with diagnosed ADHD are living shorter lives than they should. We believe that this is likely caused by modifiable risk factors and unmet support and treatment needs in terms of both ADHD and co-occurring mental and physical health conditions. This study included data from adults with diagnosed ADHD; the results may not generalise to the entire population of adults with ADHD, the vast majority of whom are undiagnosed.
Survival Outcomes for Adolescent and Young Adults With Cancer in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ariello Krista , Hadi Abdel-Nabi , Denburg Avram , Gupta Sumit 
Published: January 2025

PURPOSE
Patients with adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer are recognized as a vulnerable subpopulation in high-income countries (HICs). Although survival gaps between HIC and low- and middle-income country (LMIC) children with cancer are well described, LMIC AYAs have been neglected. We conducted a systematic review to describe cancer outcomes among LMIC AYAs.

METHODS
We captured English language studies published from 2010 onward reporting LMIC AYA cancer survival outcomes. LMICs were defined according to World Bank 2019 classifications, whereas AYAs were defined as diagnosed between age 15 and 39 years. Cohorts were considered AYA if >75% of patients were AYA, the mean/median age and standard deviation were between 15 and 39 years, or the range was within 5 years of the AYA range (ie, 10-45 years). Cohort characteristics were abstracted, including country, cancer type, and cancer outcomes.

RESULTS
Of 6,207 studies identified by the search strategy, 658 underwent full-text review; 60 met inclusion criteria. No low-income countries were represented. Forty-four (73.3%) studies were conducted in upper-middle–income countries (UMICs) although these represented only 12 of 55 countries currently classified as UMICs. The most common cancers studied were acute lymphoblastic leukemia (n = 13 studies), breast cancer (n = 5), and osteosarcoma (n = 3). Five-year overall survival was highly variable, ranging from 39% to 63% for ALL, 60%-85% for breast cancer, and 47%-83% for osteosarcoma.

CONCLUSION
Although three billion AYAs reside in LMICs, their cancer outcomes are neglected in the current literature. Existing data indicate variable survival, ranging from comparable with HIC outcomes to substantially inferior. These studies, however, represent only a limited number of LMICs and are biased toward UMICs. Systematic efforts to describe and improve LMIC AYA cancer outcomes are required.
Patient and Health Care Professional Perspectives on Barriers to and Facilitators of Healthy Eating and Exercise Among Patients With Cancer at a Safety-Net Oncology Clinic: A Qualitative Exploration
Authors: Kizub Darya A. , Raber Margaret , Baum Miranda , Ma Hilary Y. , Patel Tejal Amar , Rechis Ruth , LaRue Denise M. , Ho-Pham Thy T. , Oestman Katherine , Walsh Michael T. , Galvan Esperanza , Basen-Engquist Karen 
Published: January 2025

PURPOSE
Previous studies have described barriers to and facilitators of healthy eating and being physically active among patients with cancer, but few have done so in a safety-net community oncology setting.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
To understand multiple perspectives on the factors that influence diet and exercise in patients with cancer treated in safety-net settings, we conducted semistructured interviews between June and November 2021 with patients and oncology clinic medical professionals at a safety-net hospital in Houston, TX.

RESULTS
Thirty-one patients with cancer were interviewed, including 11 patients on active treatment and 20 survivors, as well as 21 care health care professionals. Most patients thought that they had a healthy diet but did not exercise enough, mainly because of cancer-related symptoms. The majority stated that they would like to participate in healthy living programs and follow their doctor's recommendations although only half noted receiving any recommendations from their provider. Health care professionals perceived patients' barriers to healthy diet and exercise as lack of knowledge, low access to resources, and low motivation, potentially impacting adherence to lifestyle recommendations.

CONCLUSION
Patients with cancer in a safety-net oncology clinic were motivated to participate in healthy living activities. However, health care professionals believed that patients faced barriers with the potential to impact adherence to health care professional recommendations. Further research is needed to better understand and optimize lifestyle counseling in a safety-net oncology setting and explore potential referral pathways to healthy living programs for patients.
Circulating Proteomic Profiles Are Associated With Incident Type 2 Diabetes in Asian Populations
Authors: Liang Yujian , Lim Charlie G Y , Ritchie Scott C , Bertin Nicolas , Chai Jin-Fang , Yao Jiali , Li Yun , Tai E Shyong , van Dam Rob M , Sim Xueling 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Context
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a major global concern, with Asia at its epicenter in recent years. Proteins, products of gene transcription, serve as dynamic biomarkers for pinpointing perturbed pathways in disease development. Previous T2D proteomic association studies primarily focused on European populations.

Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between plasma proteins and the incidence of T2D in Asian individuals.

Methods
We examined the association of 4775 plasma proteins with incident T2D in a Singapore multi-ethnic cohort of 1659 Asian individuals (539 cases and 1120 controls) using logistic regression. We used 2-sample mendelian randomization and colocalization analysis to evaluate the causal relationship between proteins and T2D.

Results
Our analysis revealed 522 proteins that were associated with incident T2D after adjusting for age, sex, and ethnicity, and 17 proteins that remained statistically significantly associated after adjusting for other T2D risk factors such as fasting glucose, waist circumference, and triglycerides. Among the 522 proteins associated with incident T2D, the change in 205 plasma proteins, observed in parallel with the development of T2D at baseline and 6-year follow-up, were further associated with incident T2D. The associated proteins showed enrichment in neuron generation, glycosaminoglycan binding, and insulin-like growth factor binding. Two-sample mendelian randomization analysis suggested 3 plasma proteins, GSTA1, INHBC, and FGL1, play causal roles in the development of T2D, with colocalization evidence supporting GSTA1 and INHBC.

Conclusion
Our findings reveal plasma protein profiles linked to the onset of T2D in Asian populations, offering insights into the biological mechanisms of T2D development.
Interaction of B0AT1 Deficiency and Diet on Metabolic Function and Diabetes Incidence in Male Nonobese Diabetic Mice
Authors: Waters Matthew F , Delghingaro-Augusto Viviane , Shamoon Muhammad , Javed Kiran , Burgio Gaetan , Dahlstrom Jane E , Bröer Stefan , Nolan Christopher J 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Context
The obesity epidemic parallels an increasing type 1 diabetes incidence, such that westernized diets, containing high fat, sugar, and/or protein, through inducing nutrient-induced islet β-cell stress, have been proposed as contributing factors. The broad-spectrum neutral amino acid transporter (B0AT1), encoded by Slc6a19, is the major neutral amino acids transporter in intestine and kidney. B0AT1 deficiency in C567Bl/6J mice causes aminoaciduria, lowers insulinemia, and improves glucose tolerance.

Objective
We investigated the effects of standard rodent chow (chow), high-fat high-sucrose (HFHS), and high-fat high-protein (HFHP) diets, in addition to B0AT1 deficiency, on the diabetes incidence of male nonobese diabetic (NOD/ShiLtJArc (NOD)) mice.

Methods
Male NOD.Slc6a19+/+ and NOD.Slc6a19−/− mice were fed chow, HFHS and HFHP diets from 6 to 24 weeks of age. A separate cohort of male NOD mice were fed the three diets from 6-30 weeks of age. Body weight and fed-state blood glucose and plasma insulin were monitored, and urinary amino-acid profiles, intraperitoneal glucose tolerance, diabetes incidence, pancreatic islet number, insulitis scores and beta-cell mass were measured.

Results
The incidence of diabetes and severe glucose intolerance was 3.8% in HFHS-fed, 25.0% in HFHP-fed, and 14.7% in chow-fed mice, with higher pancreatic islet number and lower insulitis scores in HFHS-fed mice. B0AT1 deficiency had no effect on diabetes incidence, but curtailed HFHS-induced excessive weight gain, adipose tissue expansion, and hyperinsulinemia. In HFHP-fed mice, B0AT1 deficiency significantly increased pancreatic β-cell clusters and small islets. Male NOD mice that did not develop autoimmune diabetes were resistant to diet-induced hyperglycemia.

Conclusion
Dietary composition does, but B0AT1 deficiency does not, affect autoimmune diabetes incidence in male NOD mice. B0AT1 deficiency, however, reduces diet-induced metabolic dysfunction and in HFHP-fed mice increases pancreatic β-cell clusters and small islets.
Trends in the Developmental Gradient in Mothers’ Parenting Time by Maternal Education, 2003–2019
Authors: Gao Melody Ge 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Educational disparities in mothers’ parenting time have implications for socioeconomic inequality in children's resources and later life attainment. The reproduction of inequality could be more consequential if educational disparities are most pronounced at child ages when a specific parenting need is more developmentally important. Following recent findings suggesting a general reduction in the educational gradient in mothers’ overall parenting time, this study aims to determine if this convergence extends to the developmental gradient in parenting. Using the American Time Use Survey from 2003 to 2019 (N = 34,232), this study finds that educational disparities in mothers’ parenting time have narrowed in accordance with the developmental gradient. Economic, cultural, and demographic changes that might contribute to the narrowing trends are discussed. These findings offer an updated understanding of educational gaps in maternal parenting strategies, with potential impacts on the intergenerational transmission of (dis)advantage.
Comparison of infant and young child feeding practices and demographic characteristics between healthy and malnourished children aged 0-23 months in Pakistan
Authors: Shahid Saba , Hamid Shaima , Ghouri Nida , Memon Shanila , Jabbar Rafia 
Published: January 2025

Background and Objective: Children living in low and middle-income class settings exhibit varied nutritional status ranging from healthy to malnourished. Differences in socioeconomic conditions and Infant & young child feeding practices may be responsible for nutritional disparities among them. This case-control study aimed to explore these differences among healthy and malnourished children aged 0-23 months.
Methods: This was a hospital-based, case-control study. The study was conducted in the outpatient department of The Indus Hospital, Karachi from June 2022 till December 2022. A total of 380 children aged 0-23 months were recruited from the outpatient department.. Compliance to different IYCF indicators, ranging from breastfeeding to complementary feeding, was. assessed by taking 24 hours food recall. Mid-upper arm circumference was used to categorize the nutritional status of children.
Results: The dominant food groups consumed were roots, grains, and tubers, while consumption of vitamin A-rich fruits, flesh food, eggs, fruits, and vegetables were relatively low in both groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that low paternal education (COR = 3.64; 95% CI: 2.07, 6.40), employment of mother (COR = 2.27; 95% CI: 1.19, 4.36), and achieving minimal meal frequency (AOR = 2.41; 95% CI: 1.09, 5.31) had a negative association with the nutritional status of children while male gender (COR = 0.52; 95% CI: 0.35, 0.79) and maternal education (AOR = 0.20; 95% CI: 0.06, 0.60) and paternal employment (COR = 0.29; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.59) were positively associated with nutritional status.
Conclusion: We conclude that lack of parental education, father unemployment, maternal employment, and minimal meal frequency were significantly associated with malnutrition in children.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.41.2.10243
How to cite this: Shahid S, Hamid S, Ghouri N, Memon S, Jabbar R. Comparison of infant and young child feeding practices and demographic characteristics between healthy and malnourished children aged 0-23 months in Pakistan. Pak J Med Sci. 2025;41(2):505-511. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.41.2.10243
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Designing an Autonomous Robot for Monitoring Open-Mouth Behavior of Chickens in Commercial Chicken Farms
Authors: Yeh Yi-Hsin , Chen Bo-Lin , Hsieh Kae-Yang , Huang Mao-Hsiang , Kuo Yan-Fu 
Published: January 2025

HighlightsA mobile robot was designed to autonomously cruise in typical commercial chicken farms in Taiwan.The localization of the robot reached a mean absolute error of 0.17 m.The mobile robot automatically monitored the open-mouth behavior of chickens.A trained YOLO v7 model achieved an AP of 86.1% in the detection of chickens with open-mouth behavior.The analysis indicates that the open-mouth behavior ratio was correlated to ambient temperature.Abstract. In the conventional management of commercial floor-rearing chicken farms, farmers regularly patrol to observe chicken status and to check the environment. For countries with a subtropical climate (e.g., Taiwan), heat stress (HS) is a common environmental stressor for chickens due to high temperature and humidity. Open-mouth behavior (OMB) of chickens is an indicator of HS and is closely monitored in patrols. Manual patrols are laborious and time-consuming. Moreover, frequent patrols may increase the risk of pathogen spread while entering and exiting chicken farms. Therefore, this study developed a mobile robot to autonomously patrol in chicken farms and to automatically monitor OMB of chickens. Considering the commercial chicken farms in Taiwan usually have narrow aisles between feed buckets, a compact robot was designed. An ultra-wideband (UWB) module was utilized to localize the mobile robot. The mobile robot performed navigation and obstacle avoidance using a depth camera and the navigation stack of the Robot Operating System (ROS). For monitoring OMB of chickens, an image acquisition component was developed to acquire chicken images. A YOLO v7 model was trained to detect the chickens with OMB in the collected images. Subsequently, OMB ratios, defined as the ratios of chickens with OMB, were calculated to quantify this behavior. Experimental results showed that the mean absolute error of the UWB was 0.17 m in robot localization, complying with the requirements for navigating the robot in the narrow aisles of chicken farms. The trained YOLO v7 model achieved an average precision of 86.1%. Experimental results indicated that the mean OMB ratios between summer and winter were significantly different. In addition, the OMB ratio and temperature in summer were found to be moderately and positively correlated, indicating that OMB ratio was an effective indicator to represent chicken behaviors under different temperatures. The developed mobile robot provides a solution to automate the regular patrols performed by chicken farmers. Keywords: Deep learning, Depth image, Heat stress, Indoor positioning, Ultra-wideband (UWB), Unmanned vehicle.