bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring alternative strategies for Staphylococcus aureus nasal decolonization: insights from preclinical studies
Authors: Jayakumar Jayalakshmi , Vinod Vivek , Biswas Lalitha , Kumar V Anil , Biswas Raja 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Nasal decolonization of Staphylococcus aureus with the antibiotic mupirocin is a common clinical practice before complex surgical procedures, to prevent hospital acquired infections. However, widespread use of mupirocin has led to the development of resistant S. aureus strains and there is a limited scope for developing new antibiotics for S. aureus nasal decolonization. It is therefore necessary to develop alternative and nonantibiotic nasal decolonization methods. In this review, we broadly discussed the effectiveness of different nonantibiotic antimicrobial agents that are currently not in clinical practice, but are experimentally proved to be efficacious in promoting S. aureus nasal decolonization. These include lytic bacteriophages, bacteriolytic enzymes, tea tree oil, apple vinegar, and antimicrobial peptides. We have also discussed the possibility of using photodynamic therapy for S. aureus nasal decolonization. This article highlights the importance of further large scale clinical studies for selecting the most suitable and alternative nasal decolonizing agent.
“Antibacterial effect and possible mechanism of action of 1,3,4-oxadiazole in Staphylococcus aureus”
Authors: Formagio Maíra Dante , Silva João Vitor de Oliveira , Silva Alex Fiori , Campanerut-Sá Paula Aline Zanetti , Urbano Alexandre , Bonfim-Mendonça Patrícia de Souza , Capoci Isis Regina Grenier , Cotica Érika Seki Kioshima , Mikcha Jane Martha Graton 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the main etiological agents causing foodborne diseases, and the development of new antibacterial agents is urgent. This study evaluated the antibacterial activity and the possible mechanism of action of the 1,3,4-oxadiazole LMM6 against S. aureus. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of LMM6 ranged from 1.95 to 7.81 µg ml−1. The time-kill assay showed that 48-h treatment at 1× to 8× MIC reduced S. aureus by 4 log colony forming unit (CFU), indicating a bacteriostatic effect. Regarding the possible mechanism of action of LMM6, there was accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and an increase in the absorption of crystal violet (∼50%) by the cells treated with LMM6 at 1× and 2× MIC for 6–12 h. In addition, there was increased propidium iodide uptake (∼84%) after exposure to LMM6 for 12 h at 2× MIC. After 48 h of treatment, 100% of bacteria had been injured. Scanning electron microscopy observations demonstrated that LMM6-treated cells were smaller compared with the untreated group. LMM6 exhibited bacteriostatic activity and its mechanism of action involves increase of intracellular ROS and disturbance of the cell membrane, which can be considered a key target for controlling the growth of S. aureus.
A comprehensive Bayesian analysis assessing the effectiveness of lymphocyte immunotherapy for recurrent spontaneous abortion
Authors: Chen Rongzhou , Xu Haohan , Hou Yujia , Liu Hanghang , Zheng Zheng , Ma Shaohua 
Published: December 2023

AbstractRecurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) affects 2%–5% of couples worldwide and remains a subject of debate regarding the effectiveness of lymphocyte immunotherapy (LIT) due to limited retrospective studies. We conducted a comprehensive Bayesian analysis to assess the impact of LIT on RSA. Using data from the Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital (2001–2020, n = 2316), a Bayesian generalized linear model with predictive projection feature selection was employed. Our analysis revealed a significant improvement in live birth rates for RSA patients undergoing LIT. Notably, LIT had a greater impact compared to the other 85 factors considered. To mitigate research bias, we conducted a Bayesian meta-analysis combining our dataset with 19 previously reported studies (1985–2021, n = 4246). Additionally, we developed an empirical model highlighting the four key factors, which are the LIT result, age, paternal blood type, and anticardiolipin antibody. Younger age (19–27), paternal blood type B, and a positive anticardiolipin antibody (IgM) were associated with better therapeutic outcomes in LIT for RSA. These findings aid clinicians in identifying suitable candidates for LIT and improving treatment outcomes.
Migrasomes trigger innate immune activation and mediate transmission of senescence signals across human cells
Authors: Liu Xiaoqian , Jiao Haifeng , Zhang Baohu , Zhang Sheng , Yan Kaowen , Qu Jing , Zhang Weiqi , Yu Li , Liu Guang-Hui 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Aging is a complex and heterogeneous process, raising important questions about how aging is differently impacted by underlying genetics and external factors. Recently, migrasomes, newly discovered organelles, have been identified to play important roles in various physiological and pathological processes by facilitating cell-to-cell communication. Thus far, their involvement in cellular senescence and aging remains largely unexplored. In this study, we aimed to investigate how migrasomes impact on cellular aging by leveraging multiple cellular senescence models, including replicatively senescent (RS), pathologically senescent and stress-induced senescent human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), as well as RS human primary fibroblasts. In all cellular aging models, we detected an enhanced formation of migrasomes. Notably, migrasomes in senescent cells exhibited an accumulation of numerous aging hallmarks, such as dysfunctional mitochondria, endogenous retroviruses, and senescence-associated pro-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, we discovered that migrasomes derived from senescent cells can be taken up by young cells, thereby transferring aging signals and subsequently causing premature senescence phenotypes in recipient cells. Mechanistically, we found that treatment with migrasomes derived from senescent cells activated the innate immune response. Thus, our study sheds light on a pivotal role of migrasomes in mediating the contagiousness of aging.
Size matters: the biochemical logic of ligand type in endocrine crosstalk
Authors: Lone Jameel Barkat , Long Jonathan Z , Svensson Katrin J 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The endocrine system is a fundamental type of long-range cell–cell communication that is important for maintaining metabolism, physiology, and other aspects of organismal homeostasis. Endocrine signaling is mediated by diverse blood-borne ligands, also called hormones, including metabolites, lipids, steroids, peptides, and proteins. The size and structure of these hormones are fine-tuned to make them bioactive, responsive, and adaptable to meet the demands of changing environments. Why has nature selected such diverse ligand types to mediate communication in the endocrine system? What is the chemical, signaling, or physiologic logic of these ligands? What fundamental principles from our knowledge of endocrine communication can be applied as we continue as a field to uncover additional new circulating molecules that are claimed to mediate long-range cell and tissue crosstalk? This review provides a framework based on the biochemical logic behind this crosstalk with respect to their chemistry, temporal regulation in physiology, specificity, signaling actions, and evolutionary development.
High Temperature–Induced m6A Epigenetic Changes Affect Early Porcine Embryonic Developmental Competence in Pigs
Authors: Sun Ming-Hong , Jiang Wen-Jie , Li Xiao-Han , Lee Song-Hee , Heo Geun , Zhou Dongjie , Guo Jing , Cui Xiang-Shun 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A), the most prevalent modification in eukaryotic messenger RNA (mRNA), plays a key role in various developmental processes in mammals. Three proteins that affect RNA m6A modification have been identified: methyltransferases, demethylases, and m6A-binding proteins, known as “writer,” “eraser,” and “reader” proteins, respectively. However, changes in the m6A modification when early porcine embryos are exposed to stress remain unclear. In this study, we exposed porcine oocytes to a high temperature (HT, 41°C) for 10 h, after which the mature oocytes were parthenogenetically activated and cultured for 7 days to the blastocyst stage. HT significantly decreased the rates of the first polar body extrusion and blastocyst formation. Further detection of m6A modification found that HT can lead to increased expression levels of “reader,” YTHDF2, and “writer,” METTL3, and decreased expression levels of “eraser,” FTO, resulting in an increased level of m6A modification in the embryos. Additionally, heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) is upregulated under HT conditions. Our study demonstrated that HT exposure alters m6A modification levels, which further affects early porcine embryonic development.
Cloud–cloud collisions triggering star formation in galaxy simulations
Authors: Horie Shu , Okamoto Takashi , Habe Asao 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
Cloud–cloud collisions (CCCs) are expected to compress gas and trigger star formation. However, it is not well understood how the collisions and the induced star formation affect galactic-scale properties. By developing an on-the-fly algorithm to identify CCCs at each time-step in a galaxy simulation and a model that relates CCC-triggered star formation to collision speeds, we perform simulations of isolated galaxies to study the evolution of galaxies and giant molecular clouds (GMCs) with prescriptions of self-consistent CCC-driven star formation and stellar feedback. We find that the simulation with the CCC-triggered star formation produces slightly higher star formation rates and a steeper Kennicutt–Schmidt relation than that with a more standard star formation recipe, although collision speeds and frequencies are insensitive to the star formation models. In the simulation with the CCC model, about $70{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of the stars are born via CCCs, and colliding GMCs with masses of $\approx 10^{5.5}\, \mbox{$\rm M_{\odot}$}$ are the main drivers of CCC-driven star formation. In the simulation with the standard star formation recipe, about 50 per cent of stars are born in colliding GMCs even without the CCC-triggered star formation model. These results suggest that CCCs may be one of the most important star formation processes in galaxy evolution. Furthermore, we find that a post-processing analysis of CCCs, as used in previous studies in galaxy simulations, may lead to slightly greater collision speeds and significantly lower collision frequencies than the on-the-fly analysis.
Enhanced destruction of cluster satellites by major mergers
Authors: Dong Kyung Lin , Smith Rory , Shin Jihye , Peletier Reynier 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
Using a set of clusters in dark matter only cosmological simulations, we study the consequences of merging of clusters and groups of galaxies (with mass ratio larger than 5:1) to investigate the tidal impact of mergers on the satellite haloes. We compare our results to a control sample of clusters that have had no major mergers over the same time period. Clusters that undergo major mergers are found to have a significant enhancement in destruction of their subhaloes of ∼10–30 per cent, depending on how major the merger is. Those with mass ratios less than 7:1 showed no significant enhancement. The number of destroyed subhaloes are measured for the cluster members that were inside the virial radius of clusters before the merger begins. This means preprocessed galaxies brought in by the merger are deliberately excluded, allowing us to clearly see the enhanced destruction purely as a result of the distorted and disturbed tidal field of the cluster during the merger. We also consider secondary parameters affecting the destruction of those satellites but find that the major mergers are the dominant factor. These results highlight how major mergers can significantly impact the cluster population, with likely consequences for the formation of intracluster light, and enhancement of tidal features in the remaining satellites.
TESS Cycle 2 observations of roAp stars with 2-min cadence data
Authors: Holdsworth D L , Cunha M S , Lares-Martiz M , Kurtz D W , Antoci V , Barceló Forteza S , De Cat P , Derekas A , Kayhan C , Ozuyar D , Skarka M , Hey D R , Shi F , Bowman D M , Kobzar O , Ayala Gómez A , Bognár Zs , Buzasi D L , Ebadi M , Fox-Machado L , García Hernández A , Ghasemi H , Guzik J A , Handberg R , Handler G , Hasanzadeh A , Jayaraman R , Khalack V , Kochukhov O , Lovekin C C , Mikołajczyk P , Mkrtichian D , Murphy S J , Niemczura E , Olafsson B G , Pascual-Granado J , Paunzen E , Posiłek N , Ramón-Ballesta A , Safari H , Samadi-Ghadim A , Smalley B , Sódor Á , Stateva I , Suárez J C , Szabó R , Wu T , Ziaali E , Zong W , Seager S 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
We present the results of a systematic search of the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) 2-min cadence data for new rapidly oscillating Ap (roAp) stars observed during the Cycle 2 phase of its mission. We find seven new roAp stars previously unreported as such and present the analysis of a further 25 roAp stars that are already known. Three of the new stars show multiperiodic pulsations, while all new members are rotationally variable stars, leading to almost 70 per cent (22) of the roAp stars presented being α2 CVn-type variable stars. We show that targeted observations of known chemically peculiar stars are likely to overlook many new roAp stars, and demonstrate that multiepoch observations are necessary to see pulsational behaviour changes. We find a lack of roAp stars close to the blue edge of the theoretical roAp instability strip, and reaffirm that mode instability is observed more frequently with precise, space-based observations. In addition to the Cycle 2 observations, we analyse TESS data for all-known roAp stars. This amounts to 18 further roAp stars observed by TESS. Finally, we list six known roAp stars that TESS is yet to observe. We deduce that the incidence of roAp stars amongst the Ap star population is just 5.5  per cent, raising fundamental questions about the conditions required to excite pulsations in Ap stars. This work, coupled with our previous work on roAp stars in Cycle 1 observations, presents the most comprehensive, homogeneous study of the roAp stars in the TESS nominal mission, with a collection of 112 confirmed roAp stars in total.
Dissecting the broad-band emission from γ-ray blazar PKS 0735+178 in search of neutrinos
Authors: Prince Raj , Das Saikat , Gupta Nayantara , Majumdar Pratik , Czerny Bożena 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
The origin of the diffuse flux of TeV–PeV astrophysical neutrinos is still unknown. The γ-ray blazar PKS 0735+178, located outside the 90 percent localization region at 2.2° from the best-fitting IC-211208A event, was found to be flaring across all wavebands. In addition to leptonic synchrotron (SYN) and SYN self-Compton (SSC) emission, we invoke photohadronic (pγ) interactions inside the jet to model the spectral energy distribution (SED) and neutrino emission. We analyse the 100 d γ-ray and X-ray data and 10 d around the neutrino event is chosen to generate the broad-band SED. The temporal light curve indicates that the source was in a high state in optical, UV, γ-ray, and X-ray frequencies during the neutrino detection epoch. In the one-zone lepto-hadronic model, the SSC photons do not provide enough seed photons for pγ interactions to explain the neutrino event. However, including an external photon field yields a neutrino event rate of 0.12 in 100 d, for the IceCube detector, using physically motivated values of the magnetic field, an external photon field peaking at optical wavelength, and other jet parameters. The radiation from secondary electrons at X-ray energies severely constrains the neutrino flux to a lower value than found in previous studies. Moreover, the flux of high-energy γ-rays at GeV energies from the decay of neutral pions is sub-dominant at the high-energy peak of the SED, suggesting a higher correlation of neutrinos flux with X-ray flux is plausible.
Near-infrared transmission spectroscopy of HAT-P-18 b with NIRISS: Disentangling planetary and stellar features in the era of JWST
Authors: Fournier-Tondreau Marylou , MacDonald Ryan J , Radica Michael , Lafrenière David , Welbanks Luis , Piaulet Caroline , Coulombe Louis-Philippe , Allart Romain , Morel Kim , Artigau Étienne , Albert Loïc , Lim Olivia , Doyon René , Benneke Björn , Rowe Jason F , Darveau-Bernier Antoine , Cowan Nicolas B , Lewis Nikole K , Cook Neil J , Flagg Laura , Genest Frédéric , Pelletier Stefan , Johnstone Doug , Dang Lisa , Kaltenegger Lisa , Taylor Jake , Turner Jake D 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
The JWST Early Release Observations (ERO) included a NIRISS/SOSS (0.6–2.8 μm) transit of the ∼ 850 K Saturn-mass exoplanet HAT-P-18 b. Initial analysis of these data reported detections of water, escaping helium and haze. However, active K dwarfs like HAT-P-18 possess surface heterogeneities – star-spots and faculae – that can complicate the interpretation of transmission spectra, and indeed, a spot-crossing event is present in HAT-P-18 b’s NIRISS/SOSS light curves. Here, we present an extensive reanalysis and interpretation of the JWST ERO transmission spectrum of HAT-P-18 b, as well as HST/WFC3 and Spitzer/IRAC transit observations. We detect H2O (12.5σ), CO2 (7.3σ), a cloud deck (7.4σ), and unocculted star-spots (5.8σ), alongside hints of Na (2.7σ). We do not detect the previously reported CH4 (log  CH4 &lt; −6 to 2σ). We obtain excellent agreement between three independent retrieval codes, which find a sub-solar H2O abundance (log  H2O ≈ −4.4 ± 0.3). However, the inferred CO2 abundance (log  CO2 ≈ −4.8 ± 0.4) is significantly super-solar and requires further investigation into its origin. We also introduce new stellar heterogeneity considerations by fitting for the active regions’ surface gravities – a proxy for the effects of magnetic pressure. Finally, we compare our JWST inferences to those from HST/WFC3 and Spitzer/IRAC. Our results highlight the exceptional promise of simultaneous planetary atmosphere and stellar heterogeneity constraints in the era of JWST and demonstrate that JWST transmission spectra may warrant more complex treatments of the transit light source effect.
What absorbs the early TeV photons of GRB 221009A?
Authors: Shen Jun-Yi , Zou Yuan-Chuan , Chen A M , Gao Duan-Yuan 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
The tera-electronvolt (TeV) light curve of gamma-ray burst 221009A exhibits an unprecedentedly rapid rise at its start. This phenomenon could be due to the strong absorption of photons and electrons within the emitting region. As the external shock expands outward and the radius increases, the volume of matter also grows, resulting in a gradual reduction of the optical depth for TeV photons. We investigate several potential explanations for the early TeV light curves. We calculate the optical depth for TeV photons, considering both annihilation with lower energy photons in the external shock and their scattering by electrons generated through the cascading of the TeV emission. Even under the favourable assumptions, we have determined that the optical depths for these processes are orders of magnitude too small to explain the observed light curve. Additional sources of absorbers, including electrons in the ejecta or external shock, also do not result in sufficient optical depths. Hence, the cause behind the early peculiar TeV light curve remains unclear.
Phylloxera and Aphids Show Distinct Features of Genome Evolution Despite Similar Reproductive Modes
Authors: Li Zheng , Xue Allen Z , Maeda Gerald P , Li Yiyuan , Nabity Paul D , Moran Nancy A 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Genomes of aphids (family Aphididae) show several unusual evolutionary patterns. In particular, within the XO sex determination system of aphids, the X chromosome exhibits a lower rate of interchromosomal rearrangements, fewer highly expressed genes, and faster evolution at nonsynonymous sites compared with the autosomes. In contrast, other hemipteran lineages have similar rates of interchromosomal rearrangement for autosomes and X chromosomes. One possible explanation for these differences is the aphid's life cycle of cyclical parthenogenesis, where multiple asexual generations alternate with 1 sexual generation. If true, we should see similar features in the genomes of Phylloxeridae, an outgroup of aphids which also undergoes cyclical parthenogenesis. To investigate this, we generated a chromosome-level assembly for the grape phylloxera, an agriculturally important species of Phylloxeridae, and identified its single X chromosome. We then performed synteny analysis using the phylloxerid genome and 30 high-quality genomes of aphids and other hemipteran species. Unexpectedly, we found that the phylloxera does not share aphids’ patterns of chromosome evolution. By estimating interchromosomal rearrangement rates on an absolute time scale, we found that rates are elevated for aphid autosomes compared with their X chromosomes, but this pattern does not extend to the phylloxera branch. Potentially, the conservation of X chromosome gene content is due to selection on XO males that appear in the sexual generation. We also examined gene duplication patterns across Hemiptera and uncovered horizontal gene transfer events contributing to phylloxera evolution.
Evaluating the heterogeneity of hippocampal avoidant whole brain radiotherapy treatment effect: A secondary analysis of NRG CC001
Authors: Cherng Hua-Ren R , Sun Kai , Bentzen Søren , Armstrong Terri S , Gondi Vinai , Brown Paul D , Mehta Minesh , Mishra Mark V 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Hippocampal avoidant whole brain radiotherapy (HA-WBRT) is the standard of care for patients needing WBRT for brain metastases. This study, using existing data from NRG Oncology CC001 including baseline tumor characteristics and patient-reported MD Anderson Symptom Inventory-Brain Tumor (MDASI-BT) scores, sought to identify subgroups of patients that demonstrate differential neuroprotective treatment response to HA-WBRT.

Methods
An exploratory analysis of NRG CC001, a phase 3 trial in which 518 patients were randomly assigned to WBRT plus memantine or HA-WBRT plus memantine, was performed. Rates of neurocognitive function failure (NCFF) were estimated between subgroups and stratified by arm. Covariate and subgroup interaction with differential treatment response were calculated.

Results
The benefit of HA-WBRT on decreasing NCFF was seen in patients living ≥ 4 months (HR 0.75, 95% CI: 0.58–0.97, P = .03), whereas patients living &lt; 4 months derived no significant neurocognitive benefit. A significant association between baseline MDASI-BT cognitive factor and treatment response (interaction P = .03) was identified. Patients with lower MDASI-BT scores (less patient-reported cognitive impairment) derived significantly greater benefit (HR = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.48–0.85, P = .002) compared to those with highest MDASI-BT scores (HR = 1.24, 95% CI: 0.76–2.04, P = .39). Tumor histology also had a significant interaction (P = .01) with treatment response. Primary lung histology patients derived cognitive failure risk reduction (HR = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.43–0.77, P = .0007) from HA-WBRT, in contrast to nonlung primary histology patients (HR = 1.15, 95% CI: 0.78–1.50, P = .48).

Conclusions
Differential neuroprotective response to HA-WBRT was identified in this analysis. Patients surviving ≥ 4 months derived benefit from HA-WBRT. There is evidence of heterogeneity of treatment effect for patients with less severe patient-reported cognitive impairment at baseline and those with primary lung histology.