bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gas-Bloat Syndrome after Magnetic Sphincter Augmentation: Incidence, Natural History, Risk Factors, and Impact on Surgical Outcomes Over Time
Authors: Eriksson Sven E , Ayazi Shahin , Zheng Ping , Sarici Inanc S , Hannan Zain , Jobe Blair A 
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND:
The notion that gas-bloat syndrome (GBS) after magnetic sphincter augmentation (MSA) is less detrimental has not been substantiated by data. This study aimed to identify the incidence, natural history, risk factors, and impact on outcomes of GBS after MSA.

STUDY DESIGN:
Records of patients who underwent MSA at our institution were reviewed. GBS was defined as a score of 4 or more on the gas bloat–specific item within the GERD health-related quality-of-life (GERD-HRQL) questionnaire. Preoperative clinical and objective testing data were compared between those with and without GBS at 1 year using univariate followed by multivariable analysis. GBS evolution over time and its impact on outcomes were assessed in those with 1- and 2-year follow-up.

RESULTS:
A total of 489 patients underwent MSA. At a mean (SD) follow-up of 12.8 (2.1) months, patient satisfaction was 88.8%, 91.2% discontinued antisecretory medications, and 74.2% achieved DeMeester score normalization.
At 1 year, 13.3% of patients developed GBS, and had worse GERD-HRQL scores and antisecretory medication use and satisfaction (p < 0.0001). DeMeester score normalization was comparable (p = 0.856). Independent predictors of GBS were bloating (odds ratio [OR] 1.8, p = 0.043), GERD-HRQL score greater than 30 (OR 3, p = 0.0010), and MSA size 14 or less beads (OR 2.5, p = 0.004). In a subgroup of 239 patients with 2-year follow-up, 70.4% of patients with GBS at 1 year had resolution by 2 years. The GERD-HRQL total score improved when GBS resolved from 11 (7 to 19) to 7 (4 to 10), p = 0.016. Patients with persistent GBS at 2 years had worse 2-year GERD-HRQL total scores (20 [5 to 31] vs 5 [3 to 12], p = 0.019).

CONCLUSIONS:
GBS affects 13.3% of patients at 1 year after MSA and substantially diminishes outcomes. However, GBS resolves spontaneously with quality-of-life improvement. Patients with preoperative bloating, high GERD-HRQL scores, or small MSA devices are at greatest risk of this complication.
Metagenome-assembled genomes from mineral tundra soils in Rásttigáisá, northern Norway
Authors: Pessi Igor S , Rutanen Aino , Hultman Jenni 
Published: December 2023

Microbial communities in tundra soils remain largely unknown despite their important roles in the cycling of greenhouse gases. Here, we report 59 non-redundant metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) recovered from mineral tundra soils in Rásttigáisá, northern Norway. The MAGs were obtained by clustering contigs according to tetranucleotide frequency and differential coverage and were manually curated to remove contigs with outlying GC content and/or mean coverage. Most MAGs were assigned to the bacterial phyla Candidatus Dormibacterota (n=12), Verrucomicrobiota (n=10), and Acidobacteriota (n=9). All archaeal MAGs (n=4) belong to the genus Candidatus Nitrosopolaris (phylum Thermoproteota). The 59 Rásttigáisá MAGs expand our knowledge of the diversity and ecological roles of tundra microbiomes.
Neural Interoceptive Processing is Modulated by Deep Brain Stimulation for Treatment Resistant Depression
Authors: Xu Elisa , Pitts Samantha , Dahill-Fuchel Jacob , Scherrer Sara , Nauvel Tanya , Overton Jacqueline Guerra , Riva-Posse Patricio , Crowell Andrea , Figee Martijn , Alagapan Sankaraleengam , Rozell Christopher , Choi Ki Sueng , Mayberg Helen S. , Waters Allison C. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundA critical advance in depression research is to clarify the hypothesized role of interoceptive processing in neural mechanisms of treatment efficacy. This study tests whether cortical interoceptive processing, as indexed by the heartbeat-evoked potential (HEP), is modulated by deep brain stimulation (DBS) to the subcallosal cingulate (SCC) for treatment resistant depression (TRD).MethodsEight patients with TRD were enrolled in a study of SCC DBS safety and efficacy. Electroencephalography (EEG) and symptom severity measures were sampled in a laboratory setting over the course of a six-month treatment protocol. The primary outcome measure was an EEG-derived HEP, which reflects cortical processing of heartbeat sensation. Cluster-based permutation analyses were used to test the effect of stimulation and time in treatment on the HEP. The change in signal magnitude after treatment was correlated with change in depression severity as measured by the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale.ResultsHEP amplitude was greater after 24 weeks of treatment (t(7)=-4.40,p=.003,g=-1.38, 95% Cl [-2.3, -0.42]), and this change was inversely correlated with latency of treatment response (rho = -0.75, 95% Cl [-0.95, -0.11],p=.03). An acute effect of DBS was also observed, but as a decrease in HEP amplitude (t(6) =6.66,p<.001,g=2.19, 95% Cl [0.81, 3.54]). HEP differences were most pronounced over left posterior sensors from 405-425 ms post-stimulus.ConclusionBrain-based evidence substantiates a theorized link between interoception and depression, and suggests an interoceptive contribution to the mechanism of treatment efficacy with deep brain stimulation for severe depression.
Prospective validation of clinical deterioration predictive models prior to intensive care unit transfer among patients admitted to acute care cardiology wards
Authors: Keim-Malpass Jessica , Moorman Liza P , Moorman J. Randall , Hamil Susan , Yousevfand Gholamreza , Monfredi Oliver J , Ratcliffe Sarah J , Krahn Katy N , Jones Marieke K , Clark Matthew T , Bourque Jamieson M 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACTVery few predictive models have been externally validated in a prospective cohort following the implementation of an artificial intelligence analytic system. This type of real-world validation is critically important due to the risk of data drift, or changes in data definitions or clinical practices over time, that could impact model performance in contemporaneous real-world cohorts. In this work, we report the model performance of a predictive analytics tool that was developed prior to COVID-19 and demonstrates model performance during the COVID-19 pandemic. The analytic system (CoMET®, Nihon Kohden Digital Health Solutions LLC, Irvine, CA) was implemented in a randomized controlled trial that enrolled 10,422 patient visits in a 1:1 display-on display-off design. The CoMET scores were calculated for all patients but only displayed in the display-on arm. Only the control/display-off group is reported here because the scores could not alter care patterns. Of the 5184 visits in the display-off arm, 311 experienced clinical deterioration and care escalation, resulting in transfer to the intensive care unit (ICU), primarily due to respiratory distress. The model performance of CoMET was assessed based on areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve, which ranged from 0.732 to 0.745. The models were well-calibrated, and there were dynamic increases in the model scores in the hours preceding the clinical deterioration events. A hypothetical alerting strategy based on a rise in score and duration of the rise would have had good performance, with a positive predictive value more than 10-fold the event rate. We conclude that predictive statistical models developed five years before study initiation had good model performance despite the passage of time and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. We speculate that some of the model performance’s stability is due to continuous cardiorespiratory monitoring, which should not drift as practices, policies, and patient populations change.Clinical Trial registrationClinicalTrials.govNCT04359641;https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04359641.
Human movement and transmission dynamics early in Ebola outbreaks
Authors: Gonzalez Alexandria , Nikparvar Behnam , Matson M. Jeremiah , Seifert Stephanie N. , Ross Heather D. , Munster Vincent , Bharti Nita 
Published: December 2023

AbstractHuman movement drives the transmission and spread of communicable pathogens. It is especially influential for emerging pathogens when population immunity is low and spillover events are rare. We digitized serial printed maps to measure transportation networks (roads and rivers) in Central and West Africa as proxies for population mobility to assess relationships between movement and Ebola transmission. We find that the lengths of roads and rivers in close proximity to spillover sites at or near the time of spillover events are significantly correlated with the number of EVD cases, particularly in the first 100 days of each outbreak. Early management and containment efforts along transportation networks may be beneficial in mitigation during the early days of transmission and spatial spread for Ebola outbreaks.Significance StatementThis study links human movement and pathogen transmission across fifty years. While this relationship is well understood for modern outbreaks, it has not been characterized at local scales for historical outbreaks. We compared the number of cases and the spatial spread of each documented outbreak of Ebola (Orthoebolavirus zairense, EBOV) to the road and river networks surrounding each spillover location at the time of each spillover event. We measured the road and river networks by digitizing a series of paper maps that were printed during or near the year of each spillover. We show that the connectivity of spillover locations is consistently correlated to the severity of the outbreak over time and across all locations of EBOV spillover events.
Differences in coagulation responses to vascular injury between uninterrupted dabigatran and apixaban - a clinical prospective randomized study
Authors: Ikami Yasuhiro , Izumi Daisuke , Fujiki Shinya , Sugiura Hirotaka , Otsuki Sou , Suzuki Naomasa , Sakaguchi Yuta , Hakamata Takahiro , Hasegawa Yuki , Yagihara Nobue , Iijima Kenichi , Tanaka Takahiro , Ishizawa Masahiro , Chinushi Masaomi , Minamino Tohru , Inomata Takayuki 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe coagulation response during vascular injury with uninterrupted administration of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) has not been elucidated. Our aim was to evaluate differences in coagulation responses after vascular injury between uninterrupted direct thrombin inhibitor and direct factor Xa inhibitor recipients.MethodsPatients scheduled for catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation were randomly assigned to receive dabigatran or apixaban in this prospective, randomized, comparative, parallel-group study. Venous blood was collected three times: 180 minutes after taking the anticoagulant on the day before the procedure, before vascular punctures of the ablation procedure, and 10–15 minutes after the start of vascular punctures.ResultsForty-two patients were enrolled. The prothrombin fragment 1+2 (F1+2) level, the primary endpoint, was much larger after vascular puncture in the uninterrupted dabigatran recipients (median: 83 pmol/L; interquartile range: 56–133 pmol/L) than in the uninterrupted apixaban recipients (median: 1 pmol/L; interquartile range: −3–19 pmol/L; P < 0.001). Antithrombin levels decreased after vascular puncture in dabigatran recipients, and both protein C and antithrombin levels decreased after vascular puncture in apixaban recipients.ConclusionsUnlike uninterrupted apixaban, uninterrupted dabigatran does not inhibit thrombin generation in response to vascular injury.Clinical perspectiveWhat is new?To the best of our knowledge, this is the first randomized clinical comparison of the effects of direct thrombin and factor Xa inhibitors on the physiological coagulation and anticoagulation system after vascular injury while direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) serum levels were at the peak phase.Unlike uninterrupted apixaban, uninterrupted dabigatran does not inhibit thrombin generation in response to vascular injury.This study shows that physiological anticoagulation factors are consumed during vascular injury in patients receiving DOACs.What are the clinical implications?The difference in the thrombin generation response during vascular injury between uninterrupted dabigatran and apixaban may be one of the reasons for different clinical outcomes of thrombotic and hemorrhagic complications.DOACs may inhibit an excessive coagulation response by retaining physiological anticoagulation factors.
Leveraging informative missing data to learn about acute respiratory distress syndrome and mortality in long-term hospitalized COVID-19 patients throughout the years of the pandemic
Authors: Getzen Emily , Tan Amelia LM , Brat Gabriel , Omenn Gilbert S. , Strasser Zachary ,   The Consortium for Clinical Characterization of COVID-19 by EHR (4CE) (Collaborative Group/Consortium), Long Qi , Holmes John H. , Mowery Danielle 
Published: December 2023

AbstractElectronic health records (EHRs) contain a wealth of information that can be used to further precision health. One particular data element in EHRs that is not only under-utilized but oftentimes unaccounted for is missing data. However, missingness can provide valuable information about comorbidities and best practices for monitoring patients, which could save lives and reduce burden on the healthcare system. We characterize patterns of missing data in laboratory measurements collected at the University of Pennsylvania Hospital System from long-term COVID-19 patients and focus on the changes in these patterns between 2020 and 2021. We investigate how these patterns are associated with comorbidities such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and 90-day mortality in ARDS patients. This work displays how knowledge and experience can change the way clinicians and hospitals manage a novel disease. It can also provide insight into best practices when it comes to patient monitoring to improve outcomes.
Evolution of resistance to KRASG12Cinhibitor in a non-small cell lung cancer responder
Authors: Xu Jia-Hui , Wang Shi-Jia , Wang Ziming , Huang Jumin , Xie Chun , Cao Yabing , Chen Ming , Leung Elaine Lai-Han 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDespite initial therapeutic successes, most patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who carry the KRASG12Cmutation ultimately exhibit resistance to targeted treatments. To improve our comprehension of how acquired resistance develops, we present an unprecedented longitudinal case study profiling the transcriptome of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) over 5 months from an NSCLC patient with the KRASG12Cmutation and initial response to sotorasib followed by resistance and death. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis uncovered notable fluctuations in immune cell populations throughout treatment with sotorasib. Specifically, we observed a decline in circulating CD8+CD161hiT cells correlating with periods of therapeutic response, followed by a resurgence during phases of nonresponse. This study established a high-resolution atlas detailing the evolutionary trajectory of resistance to sotorasib and characterizes a CD8+CD161hiT cells population in KRASG12Cmutation patient.
Broadly neutralizing antibody induction by non-stabilized SARS-CoV-2 Spike mRNA vaccination in nonhuman primates
Authors: Malewana R. Dilshan , Stalls Victoria , May Aaron , Lu Xiaozhi , Martinez David R. , Schäfer Alexandra , Li Dapeng , Barr Maggie , Sutherland Laura L. , Lee Esther , Parks Robert , Beck Whitney Edwards , Newman Amanda , Bock Kevin W. , Minai Mahnaz , Nagata Bianca M. , DeMarco C. Todd , Denny Thomas N. , Oguin Thomas H. , Rountree Wes , Wang Yunfei , Mansouri Katayoun , Edwards Robert J. , Sempowski Gregory D. , Eaton Amanda , Muramatsu Hiromi , Henderson Rory , Tam Ying , Barbosa Christopher , Tang Juanjie , Cain Derek W. , Santra Sampa , Moore Ian N. , Andersen Hanne , Lewis Mark G. , Golding Hana , Seder Robert , Khurana Surender , Montefiori David C. , Pardi Norbert , Weissman Drew , Baric Ralph S. , Acharya Priyamvada , Haynes Barton F. , Saunders Kevin O. 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACTImmunization with mRNA or viral vectors encoding spike with diproline substitutions (S-2P) has provided protective immunity against severe COVID-19 disease. How immunization with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike elicits neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) against difficult-to-neutralize variants of concern (VOCs) remains an area of great interest. Here, we compare immunization of macaques with mRNA vaccines expressing ancestral spike either including or lacking diproline substitutions, and show the diproline substitutions were not required for protection against SARS-CoV-2 challenge or induction of broadly neutralizing B cell lineages. One group of nAbs elicited by the ancestral spike lacking diproline substitutions targeted the outer face of the receptor binding domain (RBD), neutralized all tested SARS-CoV-2 VOCs including Omicron XBB.1.5, but lacked cross-Sarbecovirus neutralization. Structural analysis showed that the macaque broad SARS-CoV-2 VOC nAbs bound to the same epitope as a human broad SARS-CoV-2 VOC nAb, DH1193. Vaccine-induced antibodies that targeted the RBD inner face neutralized multiple Sarbecoviruses, protected mice from bat CoV RsSHC014 challenge, but lacked Omicron variant neutralization. Thus, ancestral SARS-CoV-2 spike lacking proline substitutions encoded by nucleoside-modified mRNA can induce B cell lineages binding to distinct RBD sites that either broadly neutralize animal and human Sarbecoviruses or recent Omicron VOCs.One Sentence SummaryNon-stabilized SARS-CoV-2 Spike mRNA vaccination activated B cells that target either conserved epitopes on SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants of concern, or cross-neutralizing epitopes on pre-emergent Sarbecoviruses.
Multi-site validation of a functional assay to adjudicateSCN5ABrugada Syndrome-associated variants
Authors: Ma Joanne G. , O’Neill Matthew J. , Richardson Ebony , Thomson Kate L. , Ingles Jodie , Muhammad Ayesha , Solus Joseph F. , Davogustto Giovanni , Anderson Katherine C. , Shoemaker M. Benjamin , Stergachis Andrew B. , Floyd Brendan J. , Dunn Kyla , Parikh Victoria N. , Chubb Henry , Perrin Mark J. , Roden Dan M. , Vandenberg Jamie I. , Ng Chai-Ann , Glazer Andrew M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBrugada Syndrome (BrS) is an inheritable arrhythmia condition that is associated with rare, loss-of-function variants in the cardiac sodium channel gene,SCN5A. Interpreting the pathogenicity ofSCN5Amissense variants is challenging and ∼79% ofSCN5Amissense variants in ClinVar are currently classified as Variants of Uncertain Significance (VUS). Anin vitro SCN5A-BrS automated patch clamp assay was generated for high-throughput functional studies of NaV1.5. The assay was independently studied at two separate research sites – Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute – revealing strong correlations, including peakINadensity (R2=0.86). The assay was calibrated according to ClinGen Sequence Variant Interpretation recommendations using high-confidence variant controls (n=49). Normal and abnormal ranges of function were established based on the distribution of benign variant assay results. The assay accurately distinguished benign controls (24/25) from pathogenic controls (23/24). Odds of Pathogenicity values derived from the experimental results yielded 0.042 for normal function (BS3 criterion) and 24.0 for abnormal function (PS3 criterion), resulting in up to strong evidence for both ACMG criteria. The calibrated assay was then used to studySCN5AVUS observed in four families with BrS and other arrhythmia phenotypes associated withSCN5Aloss-of-function. The assay revealed loss-of-function for three of four variants, enabling reclassification to likely pathogenic. This validated APC assay provides clinical-grade functional evidence for the reclassification of current VUS and will aid futureSCN5A-BrS variant classification.
Persistent Hyposmia as Surrogate for α-Synuclein-Linked Brain Pathology
Authors: Mollenhauer Brit , Li Juan , Schade Sebastian , Weber Sandrina , Trenkwalder Claudia , Concha-Marambio Luis , Tomlinson Julianna J. ,   aSCENT-PD Investigators, Schlossmacher Michael G. 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACTImpaired olfaction can be associated with neurodegenerative disorders. We examined odor identification in newly diagnosed patients with parkinsonism and those at increased risk, measured olfactory performances longitudinally, and juxtaposed results to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) values. Using Sniffin’-Sticks-Identification Tests (SST-ID), we examined 312 age-matched individuals at a German center, including: 126 with Parkinson disease (PD), 109 healthy controls, 25 with other neurodegenerative disorders and 52 with a REM-sleep behavior disorder (RBD). As expected, PD patients had significantly lower SST-ID scores than controls. Scent identification by subjects with other neurodegenerative diseases fell between those with PD and healthy individuals. Those with isolated RBD, who subsequently converted to PD or dementia, had lower baseline scores than non-converters. When monitoring olfaction in participants up to a decade, we saw small group differences in progression rates for hyposmia. However, these variations were insignificant after controlling for age, sex and length of intervals between testing. When analyzing participants’ sense of smell versus several CSF biomarkers linked to neurodegeneration, we found no correlation with SST-ID scores. However, the means for normalized concentrations of α-synuclein, total tau, phosphorylated tau and amyloid-β peptide42were reduced in PD. We also identified significant age- and sex-linked differences in CSF values. Finally, we compared olfaction to the results of a validated α-synuclein ‘Seed Amplification Assay’ (SAA) using CSF. We found that hyposmia strongly correlated with a positive CSF α-synuclein SAA-test. We conclude that chronically impaired olfaction in older adults is strongly associated with a positive α-synuclein SAA-test from CSF but not with the concentrations of several, neuropathologically relevant CSF markers. We posit that simple-to-administer, quantitative smell tests could serve as inexpensive screening tools in future population studies for the identification of α-synuclein-related brain disorders, including Parkinson’s during its premotor phase.