bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lifecourse study of bone health at age 49–51 years: the Newcastle thousand families cohort study
Authors: Pearce Mark S , Birrell Fraser N , Francis Roger M , Rawlings David J , Tuck Stephen P , Parker Louise 
Published: May 2005

Objective:To quantify the direct and indirect effects of fetal (position in family, weight, and social class at birth), childhood (breast feeding, growth, infections, and social class in childhood, age at menarche), and adult life (social class, alcohol consumption, smoking, diet, reproductive history, exercise, hormone replacement therapy use), and adult size (height, weight) on bone health at age 49–51 years, as measured by bone mineral density, total scanned bone area of the hip and lumbar spine, and femoral neck shaft angle.Design:Follow up study of the Newcastle thousand families birth cohort established in 1947.Participants:171 men and 218 women who attended for dual energyxray absorptiometry scanning.Main results:Fetal life explained around 6% of variation in adult bone mineral density for men, but accounted for less than 1% for women. Adult lifestyle, including effects mediated through adult weight accounted for over 10% of variation in density for men and around 6% for women. Almost half of variation in bone area for men was explained by early life. However, most of this was mediated through achieved adult height and weight. In women, less than 5% of variation in bone area was accounted for by early life, after adjusting for adult size. Most of the variation in each of the indicators for both sexes was contributed either directly or indirectly by adult lifestyle and achieved adult height and weight.Conclusions:The effect of fetal life on bone health in adulthood seems to be mediated through achieved adult height.
The physiology of the peripheral vestibular system: the birth of a field
Authors: Angelaki Dora E. 
Published: May 2005

This essay looks at the historical significance of three APS classic papers that are freely available online: Fernandez C and Goldberg JM. Physiology of peripheral neurons innervating otolith organs of the squirrel monkey. I. Response to static tilts and to long-duration centrifugal force. J Neurophysiol 39: 970–984, 1976 ( http://jn.physiology.org/cgi/reprint/39/5/970 ). Fernandez C and Goldberg JM. Physiology of peripheral neurons innervating otolith organs of the squirrel monkey. II. Directional selectivity and force-response relations. J Neurophysiol 39: 985–995, 1976 ( http://jn.physiology.org/cgi/reprint/39/5/985 ). Fernandez C and Goldberg JM. Physiology of peripheral neurons innervating otolith organs of the squirrel monkey. III. Response dynamics. J Neurophysiol 39: 996–1008, 1976 ( http://jn.physiology.org/cgi/reprint/39/5/996 ).
Discovering spatial working memory fields in prefrontal cortex
Authors: Wang Xiao-Jing 
Published: May 2005

This essay looks at the historical significance of one APS classic paper that is freely available online:Funahashi S, Bruce CJ, and Goldman-Rakic PS. Mnemonic coding of visual space in the monkey's dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. J Neurophysiol 61: 331–349, 1989 ( http://jn.physiology.org/cgi/reprint/61/2/331 ).
Making the retina approachable
Authors: Matthews Gary 
Published: May 2005

This essay looks at the historical significance of three APS classic papers that are freely available online: Kuffler SW. Discharge patterns and functional organization of mammalian retina. J Neurophysiol 16: 37–68, 1953 ( http://jn.physiology.org/cgi/reprint/16/1/37 ). Dowling JE and Werblin FS. Organization of retina of the mudpuppy, Necturus maculosus. I. Synaptic structure. J Neurophysiol 32: 315–338, 1969 ( http://jn.physiology.org/cgi/reprint/32/3/315 ). Werblin FS and Dowling JE. Organization of the retina of the mudpuppy, Necturus maculosus. II. Intracellular recording. J Neurophysiol 32: 339–355, 1969 ( http://jn.physiology.org/cgi/reprint/32/3/339 ).
Power and Control over Women in Victorian England: Male Opposition to Sacramental Confession in the Anglican Church
Authors: Kollar Rene 
Published: May 2005

ABSTRACTThe patriarchal environment of nineteenth century England viewed women as weak and naïve creatures who should submit to the dictates of men. Religion, however, could give women a sense of freedom and independence from male authority. When auricular confession began to gain acceptance in some sections of the Anglican Church, women saw this as a way of asserting their independence because they could confide their personal thoughts and problems to a clergymen. This could, in the opinion of some, threaten the powerful role of the husband or father by substituting an alternative patriarchal system, and many critics warned of the dangers associated with the confessional, especially the weakening of the male dominated family structure.The Priest in Absolutiongave advice to Anglican confessors, but the sexual nature of the questions, made public in 1877, shocked the public and confirmed the fears of the opponents of auricular confession.
A Blessed Rage for Order: Exploring the Rise of ‘Reform’ in the Church of England
Authors: Percy Martyn 
Published: May 2005

ABSTRACTThe paper explores the rise of Reform in the Church of England, and critically examines some of the reasons why (theologically and sociologically) the movement has also developed an aggressive side to its character. After briefly considering the history of Reform (now ten years old) the paper deploys some methodological perspectives drawn from the late James Hopewell's contribution to congregational studies, before turning to some of the key issues that define Reform's agenda. Some further analysis examines the prospects for Anglicanism, where the Communion is bound together less and less by a common form of governance, and increasingly by a shared ethos and moral affinity. A conclusion discusses the relative strength of Reform within the context of the Anglican Communion as a whole. The paper is exploratory in nature: an exercise in testing a methodology within the broad penumbra of modern ecclesiology. The paper is not intended to be a definitive account or interpretation of Reform. From the outset, the author recognizes that the movement itself merits far more attention than one academic paper can possibly give it.
Giving What Is Sacred to Dogs? Welcoming All to the Eucharistic Feast
Authors: Bates J. Barrington 
Published: May 2005

ABSTRACTThis article sets out to provide a context for contemporary discussions about baptism and Eucharist — specifically, the practice of offering communion to those who have not been baptized — and will examine the baptismal theology of the early church and compare this with the thinking of contemporary reformers. I will review scriptural evidence, Patristic thought, and some contemporary scholarship, demonstrating no evidence to support a claim of returning to the authentic roots of the tradition. Rather than condemn or condone the practice of communicating the unbaptized, I recommend that we study it more carefully — lest the church miss a significant opportunity for evangelism. Yet caveat lector: this practice remains an exception — not the norm.
Series on Church and State: Eating and Sharing: Church and State in Uganda
Authors: Ward Kevin 
Published: May 2005

ABSTRACTThe article explores the complexities of church-state relations in Uganda, with particular reference to the two dominant churches: the Anglican Church of Uganda (the Protestants) and the Roman Catholic Church. Together the two churches include some 80 per cent of Ugandans. Since the beginnings of Christianity in the late nineteenth century, the rivalry between the two communions has had political implications, with the Anglican Church perceived as constituting a quasi-establishment and the Catholics as lacking political clout. In local discourse, ‘eating’ refers to the enjoyment of political power; ‘sharing’ to the expectation of inclusion. The article looks at the attempt to overcome sectarian politics, and the Christian witness of both churches in the face of state oppression and violence.
PK1/EG-VEGF induces monocyte differentiation and activation
Authors: Dorsch Marion , Qiu Yubin , Soler Dulce , Frank Nita , Duong Thao , Goodearl Andrew , O'Neil Steve , Lora Jose , Fraser Christopher C 
Published: May 2005

AbstractMacrophages exist as sentinels in innate immune response and react by expressing proinflammatory cytokines and up-regulating antigen-presenting and costimulatory molecules. We report a novel function for prokineticin-1 (PK1)/endocrine gland-derived vascular endothelial growth factor. Screening of murine tissue sections and cells for specific binding site leads to the identification of macrophages as an in vivo cellular target for PK1. We demonstrate PK1 induces differentiation of murine and human bone marrow cells into the monocyte/macrophage lineage. Human peripheral blood monocytes respond to PK1 by morphological changes and down-regulation of B7-1, CD14, CC chemokine receptor 5, and CXC chemokine receptor 4. Monocytes treated with PK1 have elevated interleukin (IL)-12 and tumor necrosis factor α and down-regulated IL-10 production in response to lipopolysaccharide. PK1 induces a distinct monocyte-derived cell population, which is primed for release of proinflammatory cytokines that favor a T helper cell type 1 response.
PGE2 confers survivin-dependent apoptosis resistance in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells
Authors: Baratelli Felicita , Krysan Kostyantyn , Heuzé-Vourc'h Nathalie , Zhu Li , Escuadro Brian , Sharma Sherven , Reckamp Karen , Dohadwala Mariam , Dubinett Steven M 
Published: May 2005

AbstractControl of apoptosis is fundamental for dendritic cell (DC) homeostasis. Numerous factors maintain DC viability throughout their lifespan, including inhibitor of apoptosis proteins. Among them, survivin is overexpressed in many human malignancies, but its physiological function in normal cells has not been fully delineated. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), also overproduced in several malignancies, has shown to induce proapoptotic and antiapoptotic effects in different cell types, including immune cells. In DC, PGE2 predominantly affects maturation and modulates immune functions. Here, we show that exposure of monocyte-derived DC to PGE2 (10−5 M) for 72 h significantly increased DC survivin mRNA and protein expression. In contrast, DC, matured with lipopolysaccharide or tumor necrosis factor α, did not reveal survivin induction in response to PGE2. Following exposure to apoptotic stimuli, DC treated with PGE2 exhibited an overall increased viability compared with control DC, and this effect was correlated inversely with caspase-3 activation. Moreover, PGE2-treated, survivin-deficient DC demonstrated reduced viability in response to apoptotic stimuli. Further analysis indicated that PGE2 induced DC survivin expression in an E prostanoid (EP)2/EP4 receptor and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase-dependent manner. These findings suggest that PGE2-dependent regulation of survivin is important in modulating apoptosis resistance in human DC.
Randomized Phase II Trial of the Efficacy and Safety of Trastuzumab Combined With Docetaxel in Patients With Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2–Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer Administered As First-Line Treatment: The M77001 Study Group
Authors: Marty Michel , Cognetti Francesco , Maraninchi Dominique , Snyder Ray , Mauriac Louis , Tubiana-Hulin Michèle , Chan Stephen , Grimes David , Antón Antonio , Lluch Ana , Kennedy John , O’Byrne Kenneth , Conte PierFranco , Green Michael , Ward Carol , Mayne Karen , Extra Jean-Marc 
Published: May 2005

Purpose This randomized, multicenter trial compared first-line trastuzumab plus docetaxel versus docetaxel alone in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) –positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Patients and Methods Patients were randomly assigned to six cycles of docetaxel 100 mg/m2 every 3 weeks, with or without trastuzumab 4 mg/kg loading dose followed by 2 mg/kg weekly until disease progression. Results A total of 186 patients received at least one dose of the study drug. Trastuzumab plus docetaxel was significantly superior to docetaxel alone in terms of overall response rate (61% v 34%; P = .0002), overall survival (median, 31.2 v 22.7 months; P = .0325), time to disease progression (median, 11.7 v 6.1 months; P = .0001), time to treatment failure (median, 9.8 v 5.3 months; P = .0001), and duration of response (median, 11.7 v 5.7 months; P = .009). There was little difference in the number and severity of adverse events between the arms. Grade 3 to 4 neutropenia was seen more commonly with the combination (32%) than with docetaxel alone (22%), and there was a slightly higher incidence of febrile neutropenia in the combination arm (23% v 17%). One patient in the combination arm experienced symptomatic heart failure (1%). Another patient experienced symptomatic heart failure 5 months after discontinuation of trastuzumab because of disease progression, while being treated with an investigational anthracycline for 4 months. Conclusion Trastuzumab combined with docetaxel is superior to docetaxel alone as first-line treatment of patients with HER2-positive MBC in terms of overall survival, response rate, response duration, time to progression, and time to treatment failure, with little additional toxicity.
Size-controllable Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles via Carbonylation and Reduction of Hydrochloroauric Acid with CO and H2O in Ionic Liquids
Authors: Guo Shu , Shi Feng , Gu Yanlong , Yang Jing , Deng Youquan 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
The Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) with controllable sizes were successfully prepared through carbonylation and reduction of hydrochloroauric acid with CO and H2O in BMImBF4 ionic liquid. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and UV–vis absorption spectroscopy characterization indicated that the AuNPs with average diameters of 1.7–12.8 nm were obtained with different preparation conditions.
Self-assembly of Horseradish Peroxidase on Biocompatible Gold Nanoparticles–Vaterite Core–Shell Composite and its Direct Electrochemistry
Authors: Xu Qin , Cai Wen-Yi , Zhu Jun-Jie 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
Biocompatible AuNPs–vaterite core–shell composite, which combines the advantages of mineral compound and nanoparticles, was firstly used in the construction of biosensor. Direct electron transfer process of HRP on it was investigated.
Efficient Preparation of 2-Pyridylpyridines Using β-N,N-Dialkylated Aminoacroleins or their Equivalent as Vinadinium Tetrafluoroborate
Authors: Kuwabara Hirokazu , Umihara Ken , Furugori Yasushi , Itoh Isamu 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
Efficient synthetic procedure for 2-pyridylpyridines using β-N,N-dialkylated aminoacroleins or their equivalent as dipiperidyl vinadinium tetrafluoroborate is described.
A Simple Approach for the Fabrication of Na1+xV3O8 Nanoribbon Thin Film
Authors: Xu Jinjie , Zhang Xingtang , Wang Dejun , Du Zuliang , Li Tiejin 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
Na1+xV3O8 nanoribbon thin films have been obtained through a thermal treatment of the V2O5 xerogel thin films prepared on sodium silicate glass substrates which also serve as a kind of sodium source at 450 °C for a certain time. The synthesized Na1+xV3O8 nanoribbon thin films were characterized by XRD, SEM, and TEM. The nanoribbons uniformly distribute on the glass substrates and have an average of several to tens of micrometers in length, hundreds of nanometers in width and tens of nanometers in thickness.
A New Strategy to Synthesize TiO2-hollow Spheres Using Carbon Spheres as Template
Authors: Shen Weihua , Zhu Yufang , Dong Xiaoping , Gu Jinlou , Shi Jianlin 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
The TiO2-hollow spheres with uniform shell and diameter have been synthesized using carbon sphere as template, which has abundant –OH groups in its surface hydrophilic layer, and the titanium source was modified into this layer by the covalent –O–Ti bonding.
Ammonium Phenoxides-catalyzed syn-Selective Aldol Reaction Between an Aldehyde and an Trimethylsilyl Enolate
Authors: Fujisawa Hidehiko , Nagata Yuzo , Sato Yoshinori , Mukaiyama Teruaki 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
Aldol reactions between aldehydes and trimethylsilyl enolates generated from ketones or thioesters proceeded smoothly in the presence of a Lewis base catalyst such as tetrabutylammonium phenoxide or p-methoxyphenoxide in THF to afford the corresponding aldols in high yields with high syn-selectivity.
Principal Component Analysis with Energy Density of Calophyllum Coumarins
Authors: Takeuchi Mari , Nakata Ayako , Nakai Hiromi 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
Energy density analysis was applied to 25 species of Calophyllum coumarins. When the principal component analysis was performed by using energy density as variables, the 25 coumarins were classified into six groups. The first and second principal components were related to the substituent effect and the molecular skeleton, respectively. The molecular skeletons sufficiently influence anti-HIV-1 activities of coumarins rather than the substituents.
Preparation of Carbon Micro-beads via an Ethanol-thermal Route
Authors: Mi Yuanzhu , Liu Yingliang , Yuan Dingsheng , Zhang Jingxian 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
Carbon micro-beads (CMB) with regular and perfect shape, high yields, and narrow size distributions were obtained via an ethanol-thermal reduction process in a stainless steel autoclave at 500 °C. In this process, LaNi5 alloy was used as a catalyst. The products were characterized with X-ray powder diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy. There were two types of carbon micro-beads, spherical and spindle-like, in the sample. The spherical micro-beads have diameters ranging from 2 to 5 μm. The spindle-like micro-beads had diameters ranging from 2 to 4 μm and lengths ranging from 5 to 10 μm.
Synthesis of a Cofacial Schiff-Base Dimanganese(III) Complex for Asymmetric Catalytic Oxidation of Sulfides
Authors: Hirotsu Masakazu , Ohno Naoki , Nakajima Takashi , Ueno Keiji 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
An optically active dimanganese(III) complex was synthesized by a template reaction of 5,5′-(9,9-dimethylxanthene-4,5-diyl)bis(salicylaldehyde), (1R,2R)-1,2-cyclohexanediamine, and MnCl2, in which two manganese(III) Schiff-base units are cofacially arranged by two 9,9-dimethylxanthenediyl spacers. The dimanganese complex catalyzed the asymmetric oxidation of methyl phenyl sulfide by iodosobenzene.
Hydrothermal Synthesis of Nanofibrous Bismuth Vanadate
Authors: Yu Jianqiang , Kudo Akihiko 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
Bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) nanofibrous arrays were synthesized by a hydrothermal route. Fibrous structure with the average diameter of 100 nm and length of up to several micrometers was fabricated by the hydrothermal process at 160 °C for 48 h under the assistance of a cationic surfactant, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). The BiVO4 nanofibers possessed well-crystallized monoclinic scheelite structure.
Oxidation States of Ytterbium Incorporated in Calcium Carbonate and Calcium Fluoride
Authors: Yoshida Tetsuaki , Kagi Hiroyuki , Tsuno Hiroshi , Ohta Atsuyuki , Nomura Masaharu 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
Divalent ytterbium was found in great amounts in calcium carbonate polymorphs (calcite and aragonite) and calcium fluoride, and the Yb2+/Yb3+ ratios in these materials increased with increasing saturation states of the respective starting solutions.
Helix-sense-selective Polymerization of a Phenylacetylene Bearing an Achiral and Bulky Galvinoxyl Moiety
Authors: Umeda Yasuhiro , Kaneko Takashi , Teraguchi Masahiro , Aoki Toshiki 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
An achiral and bulky phenylacetylene monomer, (4-ethynylphenyl)hydrogalvinoxyl), was polymerized using [Rh(nbd)Cl]2 (nbd = 2,5-norbornadiene) catalyst in chiral phenylethylamine. The circular dichroism (CD) spectra of the obtained polymers indicated that an excess of one-handed helical polyacetylene backbone was induced by helix-sense-selective polymerization despite the achiral monomer.
Cellular Uptake and Saccharide Chain Elongation of “Fluoro-amphiphilic” Glycosides
Authors: Kasuya Maria Carmelita Z , Ito Ayaka , Cusi Reuben , Sato Toshinori , Hatanaka Kenichi 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
“Fluoro-amphiphilic” glycosides are practical alternatives for the preparation of oligosaccharides. Fluoro-amphiphilic saccharide primers possessing a hydrophilic sugar moiety and a fluorous tag could be taken up by cells and elongated by cellular enzymes. The elongated products were released by cells to the culture medium and could be easily separated from other components by simple extraction with a fluorous solvent.
Molecule-based Weak Ferromagnet with Unique Magnetic Multiphases
Authors: Kusamoto Tetsuro , Fujiwara Emiko , Kobayashi Akiko 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
New charge-transfer salt, [1·Fe(III)Cl4] (1 = tetraselenafulvalene-1,3-dithiol-2-one) was prepared and its crystal structure was determined. The magnetic susceptibility measurements of [1·Fe(III)Cl4] suggested not only that [1·Fe(III)Cl4] is a weak ferromagnet but also that [1·Fe(III)Cl4] has several magnetic phases, depending on the applied field at low temperature.
Decarbonylative Diarylation of α-Methoxyacetic Acid Yielding Diarylmethanes Mediated by Lewis Acid and Trifluoroacetic Anhydride
Authors: Jobashi Takashi , Hino Tetsuo , Maeyama Katsuya , Ozaki Hiroyuki , Ogino Kenji , Yonezawa Noriyuki 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
Reaction of α-methoxyacetic acid with aromatic compounds in the presence of trifluoroacetic anhydride and Lewis acid has been found to give diarylmethanes. Some of the intermediates in this transformation have been identified via direct observation by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The reaction route has been clarified as follows: a mixed acid anhydride is formed from α-methoxyacetic acid and trifluoroacetic anhydride, which gives a hemiacylal type intermediate via decarbonylation followed by successive double electrophilic aromatic substitutions yielding diarylmethanes.
Fabrication and Luminescent Properties of Silver Nanoparticles Passivated by Fullerodendrons
Authors: Hirano Chisato , Imae Toyoko , Tamura Mitsuhiro , Takaguchi Yutaka 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
Spherical silver nanoparticles (diameter: 7–10 nm) were fabricated through passivation by fullerodendrons (C60(Gn-COOK) (n = 0.5, 1.5, 2.5)), which were synthesized from fullerene and anthracenyl focal poly(amido amine) dendrons with carboxylate terminals and different generations (G). The resultant nanocomposites presented unique luminescence, which was contributed by not only anthracenyl moiety but also poly(amido amine) dendron moiety, although the latter has no traditional fluorophore. Furthermore, fluorescence of C60(G2.5-COOK) was quenched by the silver nanoparticles, indicating that the excitation energy transferred to silver particles.
Natural Abundance Solid-state 25Mg MQMAS NMR Studies on Inorganic Solids at a High Magnetic Field of 16.4 T
Authors: Hatakeyama Moriaki , Nemoto Takahiro , Kanehashi Koji , Saito Koji 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
An application of a high magnetic field (16.4 T) with a specialized high power radio frequency (rf)-resistant probe that produces a very short 90° pulse enabled measurement of natural abundance 25Mg multiple quantum magic angle spinning (MQMAS) spectra of complex inorganic materials, such as minerals and steel-making slag with the large quadrupolar coupling constant (CQ) (≈10 MHz).
Development of Pt/ZSM-5 Catalyst with High CO Selectivity for Preferential Oxidation of Carbon Monoxide in a Reformed Gas
Authors: Kotobuki Masashi , Watanabe Akiko , Uchida Hiroyuki , Yamashita Hisao , Watanabe Masahiro 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
Pt/zeolite catalysts have high CO selectivity for preferential oxidation of CO (PROX). To clarify this reason, characterization of Pt/ZSM-5 catalysts with high and low selectivity was performed. It was found that the catalyst with high selectivity consists of small Pt particles supported in ZSM-5 pores, but another one does of large particles locating outside. Chemical and/or physical molecular sieve effects in ZSM-5 must be responsible to the high selectivity. This concept can be applied to other metal/zeolite systems.