bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Scaling Relation for Cryoconite Holes
Authors: Banerjee Argha , Sarangi Chandan , Rashid Irfan , Vijay Saurabh , Najar Nadeem Ahmad , Chandel Amit Singh 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTiny cryoconite holes are commonly found on glacier surfaces. Despite a long history of research on them, their influence on glacier‐scale mass balance and runoff are not well understood. We model the absorption of solar radiation at the bottom of cylindrical cryoconite holes, incorporating the three‐dimensional geometry. The simulated holes achieve a limiting steady‐state depth, where the daily melt rate at the bottom of the holes matches that at the glacier surface. This implies a feedback loop restricting the excess ice melt due to the presence of dark supraglacial impurities. The modeled steady‐state depth scales approximately linearly with the radius, consistent with in situ observations at several glaciers across the world. Given the areal coverage and radius distribution of cryoconite holes on a glacier, this scaling yields first‐order estimates of their melt contribution.
Enhanced Cloud Top Longwave Radiative Cooling Due To the Effect of Horizontal Radiative Transfer in the Stratocumulus to Trade Cumulus Transition Regime
Authors: Ren Tong , Yang Ping , Huang Xianglei , Chen Xiuhong , Shen Zhaoyi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractRecent studies develop the SPeedy Algorithm for Radiative TrAnsfer through CloUd Sides (SPARTACUS) to handle the influence of horizontal RT on vertical radiative fluxes within an atmospheric column. The present study applies SPARTACUS to large eddy simulation (LES)‐generated cloud fields across the stratocumulus to trade cumulus transition (STCT) regime with coarse and fine vertical resolutions. The results show that, as the vertical resolution increases, radiation simulations show increasingly stronger cloud‐top longwave (LW) radiative cooling. Consequently, the sharp radiative heating gradient across the cloud layer in the LES‐like resolution simulations cannot be resolved with the coarse resolution simulations. Including the horizontal RT typically enhances cloud LW radiative cooling rate by less than 10% for all the cloud fields but more significantly in the cloud fields during the STCT. The enhanced cloud LW radiative cooling also occurs in the lower cloud layer in the decoupled cumulus cloud regime.
Multiscale Observation of Magnetotail Reconnection Onset: 1. Macroscopic Dynamics
Authors: Genestreti Kevin J. , Farrugia Charles J. , Lu San , Vines Sarah K. , Reiff Patricia H. , Phan Tai , Baker Daniel N. , Leonard Trevor W. , Burch James L. , Bingham Samuel T. , Cohen Ian J. , Shuster Jason R. , Gershman Daniel J. , Mouikis Christopher G. , Rogers Anthony J. , Torbert Roy B. , Trattner Karlheinz J. , Webster James M. , Chen Li‐Jen , Giles Barbara L. , Ahmadi Narges , Ergun Robert E. , Russell Christopher T. , Strangeway Robert J. , Nakamura Rumi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe analyze a magnetotail reconnection onset event on 3 July 2017 that was observed under otherwise quiescent magnetospheric conditions by a fortuitous conjunction of six space and ground‐based observatories. The study investigates the large‐scale coupling of the solar wind–magnetosphere system that precipitated the onset of the magnetotail reconnection, focusing on the processes that thinned and stretched the cross‐tail current layer in the absence of significant flux loading during a 2‐hr‐long preconditioning phase. It is demonstrated with data in the (a) upstream solar wind, (b) at the low‐latitude magnetopause, (c) in the high‐latitude polar cap, and (d) in the magnetotail that the typical picture of solar wind‐driven current sheet thinning via flux loading does not appear relevant for this particular event. We find that the current sheet thinning was, instead, initiated by a transient solar wind pressure pulse and that the current sheet thinning continued even as the magnetotail and solar wind pressures decreased. We suggest that field line curvature‐induced scattering (observed by magnetospheric multiscale) and precipitation (observed by Defense Meteorological Satellite Program) of high‐energy thermal protons may have evacuated plasma sheet thermal energy, which may require a thinning of the plasma sheet to preserve pressure equilibrium with the solar wind.
Integrating Tracers and Soft Data Into Multi‐Criteria Calibration: Implications From Distributed Modeling in a Riparian Wetland
Authors: Wu Songjun , Tetzlaff Doerthe , Yang Xiaoqiang , Smith Aaron , Soulsby Chris 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCalibrating distributed hydrological models often leads to equifinality due to complex model structures, which can be further exacerbated in wetlands due to spatio‐temporal heterogeneity in ecohydrological processes. Here, step‐wise calibrations of the physically‐based distributed model EcH2O‐iso was conducted in a data‐rich wetland by minimizing a weighted average of the errors on discharge, stream isotopes, groundwater (GW) isotopes, and soil moisture. Results showed multi‐criteria calibration outperformed single‐criterion calibration as it strongly increased the overall performance, yet only marginally degraded performance of each calibration target. Isotopes were highlighted as appropriate auxiliary data as they effectively constrained the model with relatively small weights (0.1). However, those parameter sets that minimize the errors could still lead to physically implausible simulations of uncalibrated internal states or fluxes. This was further demonstrated by an approach developed to check internal fluxes based on soft data (transpiration and lateral flow), suggesting 54% of optimized models gave “right answers for the wrong reasons.” By excluding those models against soft data, such an approach further constrained equifinality, and unraveled potential inconsistencies between observations and calibration. Modeling represented the wetland as a slow‐draining system mainly fed by GW, but also influenced by near‐surface flow during winter or summer convectional events. Further, heterogeneity in hydrological functioning was partly attributed to distinct evapotranspiration patterns between contrasting vegetation communities. Therefore, this study not only provided insights into wetland functioning, but also revealed potential equifinality even with abundant data for calibration, and potential solutions based on the integration of isotopes and soft data.
Exploring the potential and safety of quantum dots in allergy diagnostics
Authors: Mohkam Milad , Sadraeian Mohammad , Lauto Antonio , Gholami Ahmad , Nabavizadeh Seyed Hesamodin , Esmaeilzadeh Hossein , Alyasin Soheila 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBiomedical investigations in nanotherapeutics and nanomedicine have recently intensified in pursuit of new therapies with improved efficacy. Quantum dots (QDs) are promising nanomaterials that possess a wide array of advantageous properties, including electronic properties, optical properties, and engineered biocompatibility under physiological conditions. Due to these characteristics, QDs are mainly used for biomedical labeling and theranostic (therapeutic-diagnostic) agents. QDs can be functionalized with ligands to facilitate their interaction with the immune system, specific IgE, and effector cell receptors. However, undesirable side effects such as hypersensitivity and toxicity may occur, requiring further assessment. This review systematically summarizes the potential uses of QDs in the allergy field. An overview of the definition and development of QDs is provided, along with the applications of QDs in allergy studies, including the detection of allergen-specific IgE (sIgE), food allergens, and sIgE in cellular tests. The potential treatment of allergies with QDs is also described, highlighting the toxicity and biocompatibility of these nanodevices. Finally, we discuss the current findings on the immunotoxicity of QDs. Several favorable points regarding the use of QDs for allergy diagnosis and treatment are noted.
Room-temperature super-elongation in high-entropy alloy nanopillars
Authors: Zhang Qian , Niu Ranming , Liu Ying , Jiang Jiaxi , Xu Fan , Zhang Xuan , Cairney Julie M. , An Xianghai , Liao Xiaozhou , Gao Huajian , Li Xiaoyan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractNanoscale small-volume metallic materials typically exhibit high strengths but often suffer from a lack of tensile ductility due to undesirable premature failure. Here, we report unusual room-temperature uniform elongation up to ~110% at a high flow stress of 0.6–1.0 GPa in single-crystalline <110>-oriented CoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy nanopillars with well-defined geometries. By combining high-resolution microscopy and large-scale atomistic simulations, we reveal that this ultrahigh uniform tensile ductility is attributed to spatial and synergistic coordination of deformation twinning and dislocation slip, which effectively promote deformation delocalization and delay necking failure. These joint and/or sequential activations of the underlying displacive deformation mechanisms originate from chemical compositional heterogeneities at the atomic level and resulting wide variations in generalized stacking fault energy and associated dislocation activities. Our work provides mechanistic insights into superplastic deformations of multiple-principal element alloys at the nanoscale and opens routes for designing nanodevices with high mechanical reliability.
Simultaneous selection of nanobodies for accessible epitopes on immune cells in the tumor microenvironment
Authors: Sekar Thillai V. , Elghonaimy Eslam A. , Swancutt Katy L. , Diegeler Sebastian , Gonzalez Isaac , Hamilton Cassandra , Leung Peter Q. , Meiler Jens , Martina Cristina E. , Whitney Michael , Aguilera Todd A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn the rapidly advancing field of synthetic biology, there exists a critical need for technology to discover targeting moieties for therapeutic biologics. Here we present INSPIRE-seq, an approach that utilizes a nanobody library and next-generation sequencing to identify nanobodies selected for complex environments. INSPIRE-seq enables the parallel enrichment of immune cell-binding nanobodies that penetrate the tumor microenvironment. Clone enrichment and specificity vary across immune cell subtypes in the tumor, lymph node, and spleen. INSPIRE-seq identifies a dendritic cell binding clone that binds PHB2. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals a connection with cDC1s, and immunofluorescence confirms nanobody-PHB2 colocalization along cell membranes. Structural modeling and docking studies assist binding predictions and will guide nanobody selection. In this work, we demonstrate that INSPIRE-seq offers an unbiased approach to examine complex microenvironments and assist in the development of nanobodies, which could serve as active drugs, modified to become drugs, or used as targeting moieties.
Minimal residual disease detection by next-generation sequencing of different immunoglobulin gene rearrangements in pediatric B-ALL
Authors: Chen Haipin , Gu Miner , Liang Juan , Song Hua , Zhang Jingying , Xu Weiqun , Zhao Fenying , Shen Diying , Shen Heping , Liao Chan , Tang Yongmin , Xu Xiaojun 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWhile the prognostic role of immunoglobulin heavy chain locus (IGH) rearrangement in minimal residual disease (MRD) in pediatric B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) has been reported, the contribution of light chain loci (IGK/IGL) remains elusive. This study is to evaluate the prognosis of IGH and IGK/IGL rearrangement-based MRD detected by next-generation sequencing in B-ALL at the end of induction (EOI) and end of consolidation (EOC). IGK/IGL rearrangements identify 5.5% of patients without trackable IGH clones. Concordance rates for IGH and IGK/IGL are 79.9% (cutoff 0.01%) at EOI and 81.0% (cutoff 0.0001%) at EOC, respectively. Patients with NGS-MRD < 0.01% at EOI or <0.0001% at EOC present excellent outcome, with 3-year event-free survival rates higher than 95%. IGH-MRD is prognostic at EOI/EOC, while IGK-MRD at EOI/EOC and IGL-MRD at EOI are not. At EOI, NGS identifies 26.2% of higher risk patients whose MRD < 0.01% by flow cytometry. However, analyzing IGK/IGL along with IGH fails to identify additional higher risk patients both at EOI and at EOC. In conclusion, IGH is crucial for MRD monitoring while IGK and IGL have relatively limited value.
Patterning and dynamics of membrane adhesion under hydraulic stress
Authors: Dinet Céline , Torres-Sánchez Alejandro , Lanfranco Roberta , Di Michele Lorenzo , Arroyo Marino , Staykova Margarita 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHydraulic fracturing plays a major role in cavity formation during embryonic development, when pressurized fluid opens microlumens at cell-cell contacts, which evolve to form a single large lumen. However, the fundamental physical mechanisms behind these processes remain masked by the complexity and specificity of biological systems. Here, we show that adhered lipid vesicles subjected to osmotic stress form hydraulic microlumens similar to those in cells. Combining vesicle experiments with theoretical modelling and numerical simulations, we provide a physical framework for the hydraulic reconfiguration of cell-cell adhesions. We map the conditions for microlumen formation from a pristine adhesion, the emerging dynamical patterns and their subsequent maturation. We demonstrate control of the fracturing process depending on the applied pressure gradients and the type and density of membrane bonds. Our experiments further reveal an unexpected, passive transition of microlumens to closed buds that suggests a physical route to adhesion remodeling by endocytosis.
GDF11 slows excitatory neuronal senescence and brain ageing by repressing p21
Authors: Wang Di-Xian , Dong Zhao-Jun , Deng Sui-Xin , Tian Ying-Ming , Xiao Yu-Jie , Li Xinran , Ma Xiao-Ru , Li Liang , Li Pengxiao , Chang Hui-Zhong , Liu Longqi , Wang Fan , Wu Yang , Gao Xiang , Zheng Shuang-Shuang , Gu Hui-Min , Zhang Ya-Nan , Wu Jian-Bin , Wu Fan , Peng Yonglin , Zhang Xiao-Wen , Zhan Ren-Ya , Gao Li-Xia , Sun Qiming , Guo Xing , Zhao Xiao-Dong , Luo Jian-Hong , Zhou Ruhong , Han Lei , Shu Yousheng , Zhao Jing-Wei 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAs a major neuron type in the brain, the excitatory neuron (EN) regulates the lifespan in C. elegans. How the EN acquires senescence, however, is unknown. Here, we show that growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) is predominantly expressed in the EN in the adult mouse, marmoset and human brain. In mice, selective knock-out of GDF11 in the post-mitotic EN shapes the brain ageing-related transcriptional profile, induces EN senescence and hyperexcitability, prunes their dendrites, impedes their synaptic input, impairs object recognition memory and shortens the lifespan, establishing a functional link between GDF11, brain ageing and cognition. In vitro GDF11 deletion causes cellular senescence in Neuro-2a cells. Mechanistically, GDF11 deletion induces neuronal senescence via Smad2-induced transcription of the pro-senescence factor p21. This work indicates that endogenous GDF11 acts as a brake on EN senescence and brain ageing.
Enhanced copper anticorrosion from Janus-doped bilayer graphene
Authors: Zhao Mengze , Zhang Zhibin , Shi Wujun , Li Yiwei , Xue Chaowu , Hu Yuxiong , Ding Mingchao , Zhang Zhiqun , Liu Zhi , Fu Ying , Liu Can , Wu Muhong , Liu Zhongkai , Li Xin-Zheng , Wang Zhu-Jun , Liu Kaihui 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe atomic-thick anticorrosion coating for copper (Cu) electrodes is essential for the miniaturisation in the semiconductor industry. Graphene has long been expected to be the ultimate anticorrosion material, however, its real anticorrosion performance is still under great controversy. Specifically, strong electronic couplings can limit the interfacial diffusion of corrosive molecules, whereas they can also promote the surficial galvanic corrosion. Here, we report the enhanced anticorrosion for Cu simply via a bilayer graphene coating, which provides protection for more than 5 years at room temperature and 1000 h at 200 °C. Such excellent anticorrosion is attributed to a nontrivial Janus-doping effect in bilayer graphene, where the heavily doped bottom layer forms a strong interaction with Cu to limit the interfacial diffusion, while the nearly charge neutral top layer behaves inertly to alleviate the galvanic corrosion. Our study will likely expand the application scenarios of Cu under various extreme operating conditions.
Clinical subtypes in patients with isolated REM sleep behaviour disorder
Authors: Seger Aline , Ophey Anja , Doppler Christopher E. J. , Kickartz Johanna , Lindner Marie-Sophie , Hommelsen Maximilian , Fink Gereon R. , Sommerauer Michael 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPatients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) show a broad heterogeneity in clinical presentation, and subtypes may already arise in prodromal disease stages. Isolated REM sleep behaviour disorder (iRBD) is the most specific marker of prodromal PD, but data on clinical subtyping of patients with iRBD remain scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to identify iRBD subtypes. We conducted comprehensive clinical assessments in 66 patients with polysomnography-proven iRBD, including motor and non-motor evaluations, and applied a two-step cluster analysis. Besides, we compared iRBD clusters to matched healthy controls and related the resulting cluster solution to cortical and subcortical grey matter volumes by voxel-based morphometry analysis. We identified two distinct subtypes of patients based on olfactory function, dominant electroencephalography frequency, amount of REM sleep without atonia, depressive symptoms, disease duration, and motor functions. One iRBD cluster (Cluster I, late onset—aggressive) was characterised by higher non-motor symptom burden despite shorter disease duration than the more benign subtype (Cluster II, early onset—benign). Motor functions were comparable between the clusters. Patients from Cluster I were significantly older at iRBD onset and exhibited a widespread reduction of cortical grey matter volume compared to patients from Cluster II. In conclusion, our findings suggest the existence of clinical subtypes already in the prodromal stage of PD. Future longitudinal studies are warranted that replicate these findings and investigate the risk of the more aggressive phenotype for earlier phenoconversion and dementia development.
A non-singular fractional-order logistic growth model with multi-scaling effects to analyze and forecast population growth in Bangladesh
Authors: Ullah Mohammad Sharif , Kabir K. M. Ariful , Khan Md. Abdul Hakim 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis paper is primarily concerned with data analysis employing the nonlinear least squares curve fitting method and the mathematical prediction of future population growth in Bangladesh. Available actual and adjusted census data (1974–2022) of the Bangladesh population were applied in the well-known autonomous logistic population growth model and found that all data sets of the logistic (exact), Atangana-Baleanu-Caputo (ABC) fractional-order derivative approach, and logistic multi-scaling approximation fit with good agreement. Again, the existence and uniqueness of the solution for fractional-order and Hyers-Ulam stability have been studied. Generally, the growth rate and maximum environmental support of the population of any country slowly fluctuate with time. Including an approximate closed-form solution in this analysis confers several advantages in assessing population models for single species. Prior studies predominantly employed constant growth rates and carrying capacity, neglecting the investigation of fractional-order methods. Thus, the current study fills a crucial gap in the literature by introducing a more formal approach to analyzing population dynamics. Therefore, we bank on the findings of this article to contribute to accurate population forecasting and planning, national development, and national progress.
PMCA screening of retropharyngeal lymph nodes in white-tailed deer and comparisons with ELISA and IHC
Authors: Benavente Rebeca , Reed J. Hunter , Lockwood Mitch , Morales Rodrigo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractChronic wasting disease (CWD) is a prion disease affecting cervids. CWD diagnosis is conducted through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) in retropharyngeal lymph nodes. Unfortunately, these techniques have limited sensitivity against the biomarker (CWD-prions). Two in vitro prion amplification techniques, real-time quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuIC) and protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA), have shown promise in detecting CWD-prions in tissues and bodily fluids. Recent studies have demonstrated that RT-QuIC yields similar results compared to ELISA and IHC. Here, we analyzed 1003 retropharyngeal lymph nodes (RPLNs) from Texas white-tailed deer. PMCA detected CWD at a higher rate compared to ELISA/IHC, identified different prion strains, and revealed the presence of CWD-prions in places with no previous history. These findings suggest that PMCA exhibits greater sensitivity than current standard techniques and could be valuable for rapid and strain-specific CWD detection.
Effects of different levels of Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus by-products fermented feed on growth performance, serum biochemical, and intestinal health of cyan-shank partridge birds
Authors: Zhou Xinhong , Zhang Huaidan , Li Shiyi , Jiang Yilong , Deng Jicheng , Yang Chuanpeng , Chen Xianxin , Jiang Li 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis research aimed to investigate the effects of supplements containing fermented feed made from Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus by-products (CSFBP-Fermented feed) on the growth performance, immunological function, and gut health of broilers. 1080 cyan-shank partridge birds aged 47 days were chosen and casually distributed to four groups, each with 6 replicates and 45 birds per replicate. The experimental groups were provided with 1% (group T2), 3% (group T3) and 5% (group T4) of CSFBP-fermented feed in the basic diet, while the control group (group T1) received the basic diet. The findings revealed that supplementation with CSFBP-Fermented feed reduced ADFI and FCR and improved ADG in birds (P < 0.05). MDA levels in the serum of birds fed CSFBP-fermented feed were lower than in the control group (P < 0.05). The CAT activity in the serum of broilers increased after supplementation with 3% CSFBP-Fermented feed (P < 0.05). Supplementing broilers with CSFBP-fermented feed enhanced VH in the ileum, jejunum, and duodenum (P < 0.05). The addition of 3% CSFBP-Fermented feed decreased CD in the jejunum (P < 0.05). The addition of 3% and 5% CSFBP-Fermented feed increased the mRNA expression of ZO-1 and Occludin in the jejunum of broiler chickens and reduced the mRNA expression of IL-6 (P < 0.05). The addition of 3% CSFBP-Fermented feed increased the mRNA expression of Claudin in the jejunum of broiler chickens and reduced IL-1β mRNA expression (P < 0.05). Compared to the control group, all experimental groups exhibited decreased mRNA expression of TNF-α and INF-γ in the jejunal mucosa of the birds (P < 0.05). According to research using high-throughput sequencing of microorganisms' 16S rDNA, and an analysis of α-diversity found that supplementing broilers with 3% CSFBP-Fermented feed decreased the number of bacteria in their cecum (P < 0.05). Bacteroidota was higher in all groups after supplementation with CSFBP-Fermented feed. At the genus level, after addition with 3% CSFBP-Fermented feed, the abundance of Bacteroide and Prevotellaceae_Ga6A1_group were higher than the control group (33.36% vs 29.95%, 4.35% vs 2.94%). The abundance of Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group and Fusobacterium were lower than the control group (5.52% vs. 7.17%,0.38% vs. 1.33%). In summary, supplementing the diet with CSFBP-Fermented feed can promote the growth of performance by enhancing intestinal morphology, and barrier function, as well as modulating intestinal inflammatory factors and microbial composition in broilers.