bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analisis Laju Erosi dan Tingkat Bahaya Erosi DAS Sekampung Hulu Berbasis GIS (Geographic Information System)
Authors: Ridwan Ridwan , Asmara Sandi , Satya Dheo Ihza Amaya 
Published: January 2024

Soil erosion is a process or event of loss of the upper soil layer, either caused by the movement of water or wind. This erosion process can lead to a deterioration in soil productivity, soil carrying capacity, and environmental quality. The surface of the earth's skin will always experience an erosion process, somewhere there will be erosion while elsewhere there will be hoarding, so the shape will always change all the time. This event occurs naturally and takes place very slowly, so the consequences arise only after decades or even hundreds of years later (Suripin, 2002). This study aims to suspect the erosion rate in the GIS-based Sekampung Hulu watershed, determine the Erosion Hazard Level in the Sekampung Hulu watershed, and describe the distribution of Erosion Rate and Erosion Hazard Level in the Sekampung Hulu watershed. The research was conducted from June to August 2020 at the Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung. The results of the study obtained the results of analysis through GIS application of the highest erosion analysis found in dryland agriculture mixed with shrubs with a very steep slope (>45%) with an area of 1.78 ha. Erosion Hazard Rate in Sekampung Hulu watershed is classified as heavy with a percentage of 33.96% with an area of 14,506.99 ha. Keywords: Erosion, Erosion Hazard Level, Land Use, Slope, Soil, Watershed Area of Sekampung Hulu.
Pengeringan Kopi Robusta (Coffea canephora) Menggunakan Rumah Pengering Hybrid Tipe Rak
Authors: Wicaksono Yoga Arif , Warji Warji , Tamrin Tamrin , Kuncoro Sapto 
Published: January 2024

Coffee is one of the mainstay plantation commodities in Indonesia. In 2015 Indonesia had a coffee plantation area of 1,254,382 hectares, with a production of 379,005 tons. Coffee is one of the mainstay commodities in Indonesia's plantation sector. The role of coffee commodities for the Indonesian economy is quite important, both as a source of income for coffee farmers, a source of foreign exchange, a producer of industrial raw materials, and a provider of employment through processing, marketing, and trade activities (exports and imports). The Robusta coffee drying process will result in the dried product experiencing changes in color, texture, and aroma. The purpose of this study was to analyze the characteristics and drying process of Robusta coffee using a rack-type hybrid drying house with three treatments, namely, drying with a drying house using solar energy, drying with a drying house using solar energy and gas energy (hybrid) and conventional drying. The length of time to dry 10 kg of Robusta coffee to approximately 11.5% moisture content is for drying with a drying house using solar energy takes 96 hours or 12 days, for drying with a drying house using solar energy and gas (hybrid) takes 80 hours (10 days) and for drying using tampah (conventional) takes 104 hours (13 days). Keywords: Dryer, Hybrid, Robusta Coffee.
Mempelajari Pengaruh Suhu dan Jenis Jeroan terhadap Mutu Tepung Jeroan
Authors: Tamrin Tamrin , Putri Cahyani Cahyanti , Rahmawati Winda , Kuncoro Sapto 
Published: January 2024

Animal feed with high protein content is currently difficult to obtain and has a relatively expensive price, so that the nutritional needs of livestock are less fulfilled. Therefore, this research was done to get livestock feed with good characteristics and to get information on the utilization of chicken organ meats to substitute fish flour in animal feed formulations of fish and poultry.The aim of the study was to study the temperature effect of 50oC, 70oC and 90oC and effectthe type of innards to the final water content, protein and color. Discover the highest protein content of intestinal starch, gizzard and chicken liver after the drying phase with 3 temperature parameters that is 50oC, 70oC, and 90oC. The research stage was carried out with the process of cleaning innards, cutting samples with a thickness of 0.2 cm for the liver and gizzard and a length of 5 cm for the intestine. The next process is drying, then measuring water content, grinding using a blender, sifting using a mesh 50 sieve, then a protein analysis is performed. The parameters observed in this research are moisture content, protein and color250 gram samples of wet innards can produce the average weight of chicken offal flour at all drying temperatures of 30.17 grams and can produce a yield value of 12.06%. The optimum temperature needed for the chicken offal drying process is at a temperature of 90 C with the old drying for 12 hours. The type of chicken innards (intestines, liver and gizzard) does not affect the water content in the end also protein but affects the color of chicken innards. The highest protein innards in the temperature of 90 C, has a percentage of protein in the intestines of 69.8%, liver 70.1%, and angizzard of 71.6%. Keywords: Chicken Innards, Color, Offal Flour, Protein, Temperature.
Pemanfaatan Limbah Ampas Tebu Menjadi Briket Bio-Batubara Menggunakan Perekat Tapioka
Authors: Prayoga M. Ilham Dio , Tamrin Tamrin 
Published: January 2024

The research carried out aims to utilize bagasse waste and determine the characteristics of bio-coal briquettes made from bagasse waste with the addition of coal. This research was conducted with reference to a completely randomized design (CRD) with two factors and three replications. The first factor is the comparison of the composition of the main raw materials in the form of bagasse and coal (P) which includes four treatment levels, namely 100%: 0% (P0), 40%: 60% (P1), 60%: 40% (P2) and 80 %: 20% (P3).The second factor is the concentration ratio of tapioca adhesive which includes three treatment levels, namely 10% (K1), 15% (K2) and 20% (K3). There are seven parameters tested in this study, namely density, moisture content, compressive strength, shatter resistance index, calorific value, combustion rate and basic temperature of the cooking pancie when burning briquettes.The results showed that the higher the percentage of coal in the composition of the main raw material tends to increase the compressive strength and decrease the burning rate of the briquettes. Meanwhile, the lower the tapioca adhesive concentration used tends to increase the density, compressive strength, and shatter resistance index and reduce the burning rate of briquettes. The briquettes produced in this study resulted in the following characteristics: briquette density ranged from 0.36 to 0.44 g / cm3, the moisture content ranges from 4.04% - 6.42%, compressive strength ranges from 26.87 - 46.15 N / cm2, the shatter resistance index ranges from 96.02% - 96.78%, the actual heating value ranges from 3266.1 - 4588.5 cal / g, the theoretical calorific value ranged from 1988.1 to 4483.6 cal / g, the briquette combustion rate ranged from 1.818 to 3.125 g / min, and the highest basic cooking pancie temperature was obtained in the P1K1 treatment combination of 229ºC. Keywords: Briquettes, Coal, Tapioca Glue, Waste Bagasse.
論《萬壑清音》之丑行散齣及其變異
Authors: 侯 淑娟 
Published: January 2024

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.
止雲居士所輯《萬壑清音》爲明代崑劇北曲散齣選集，收元、明雜劇與傳奇三十七種劇本，六十八齣劇目。此書計收兩齣丑行散齣，即《草廬記·怒奔范陽》和《紅拂記·計就追獲》。《精忠記·瘋魔化奸》雖未標腳色，卻演變爲現今重要崑丑五毒戲折子《掃秦》。此三齣與丑行相關的選齣都有流傳過程主唱腳色轉换的變異現象。《怒奔范陽》演述張飛與諸葛亮不和，私離軍營之事。雖題《草廬記》，卻非此劇齣目。此戲另有浄扮滾調選本，丑扮選齣主要流傳於崑腔系統的選集。《紅拂記》之《計就追獲》是原劇第卅一齣《扶餘换主》和第卅二齣《計就擒王》融湊後的散齣，丑扮探子，禀報李靖與高麗戰況，改變原劇小旦主唱的安排。《瘋魔化奸》地藏菩薩化身爲掛單靈隱寺的瘋和尚，點破秦檜陷害忠良的奸計。元雜劇、南戲各以正末、外應工，萬曆時期也曾有以浄扮應工的選集，清代《續綴白裘》之後的崑劇《掃秦》變爲丑行折子，曲唱皆來自《萬壑清音》的北套，更可見此選集對丑行折子發展的重要性。
Clear Voices from Ten Thousand Straths (Wanhuo qingyin) is an anthology of Ming-dynasty Northern Kunju drama compiled by Zhiyun jushi in the late Ming. It collects 37 zaju and chuanqi drama scripts of the Yuan-Ming times and lists 68 play titles. This book anthologizes two sets of excerpted (zhezi) acts led by the clown (chou) character, namely, “Angrily Heading for Fanyang” from The Hatched Cottage (AHF)and “Capture as Planned” from Red Dust (CP). On the other hand, “Becoming Cunning Spirits” from The Loyalist (BCS) has been adapted and become one of the Five Poisonous Creatures Plays, Wiping out Qin Kuai (WQK), although it is not marked as a chou play. The three chou plays reveal a change in the main singers, which took place in their circulation. AHF is a play about Zhang Fei leaving the military camp due to his discord with Zhuge Liang, which does not correspond with the play title, The Hatched Cottage. This play appears in two anthologies, one with the jing (comic) as the main character singing in the guan tune and the other one being a chou play. The latter is derived from the anthologies of plays in the tradition of Kunshan singing. CP is a set of excerpted acts combining the 31st scene, “The Change of the Lord for Fuyu,” and the 32nd scene, “Plans for Catching the Leader.” In CP, the chou character plays the role of a detective, who reports the battling progress of Goryeo to Li Jing. As such, the arrangement of the xiaodan (little female) character as the main singer is changed. In BCS, the chou character acts as a crazy monk in Lingyin Monastery, the incarnation of Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva, uncovering Qin Kuai’s conspiracy of framing the loyal subjects. In the southern drama and zaju of the Yuan, the characters of zhengmo (main male) and wai (extra) could play other roles, but in the Wanli reign-period (1573-1620) the jing character did it. In the Qing, the Kun play WQK, which is dated after Continued Making a White Fur Coat, was a set of chou excerpted acts. These arias were all derived from the northern suites in Clear Voices from Ten Thousand Straths. This phenomenon illustrates the importance of drama anthology for the development of chou excerpted acts in the Qing.
戲劇社會教育之功效與藝術本質之思辨———民國初年劇作家韓補庵的戲劇觀及其編劇理論
Authors: 吴 宛怡 
Published: January 2024

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.
清末民初的戲劇改良運動，强調戲劇本身的教化功能，主要希冀透過戲劇而達到開啓民智、移風易俗的效果。而後紛紛出現各種組織進行相關活動，然而均未能長久持續，以致改良並未呈現具體的成效。民國以後，政府逐一規劃管理戲劇行業與政策相關部門，將其納入社會教育·通俗教育機構，同時嘗試將戲劇改良的理念轉爲政策透過教育機構執行。天津地區在1915年成立社會教育辦事處，此爲統括並監督通俗教育的機關，其下有藝曲改良社及藝劇研究社，屬於推行戲劇改良的組織。民國初年劇作家韓補庵（1877-1947）曾任藝曲改良社的社長，亦擔任社會教育辦事處的機關報《社會教育星期報》的主編，其身分與經歷，促使他將戲劇視爲落實社會教育的方法之一，專注於實踐。曾創作多齣新編戲劇，1921年出版的編劇理論專文《編戲贅言》，1924年出版了戲劇學專書《補庵談戲》。補庵是民初少見理論與創作並行的劇作家，他的時代正好歷經新興戲劇表演形式的盛衰發展及五四新文化運動。不放棄舊有的戲劇形式，努力思索如何對傳統戲劇藝術進行改革，採取“半新半舊派”的演出形式，並提出明確的戲劇觀及務實的編劇理論，這一嘗試歷程，别具時代意義。
The drama reform movement in the late Qing and early Republican era laid emphasis on the didactic function of drama, aiming to enlighten people’s minds and transform social customs. Subsequently, various organizations emerged with related activities even though none lasted long. As a result, the reform movement did not achieve any substantial outcome. After the establishment of the Republic, the government set up offices one by one and established regulations to manage and monitor the drama profession to incorporate it in organizations of social education and popular education, attempting to turn the ideas of drama reform into policies to be implemented by educational organizations. The Drama Reform Society and Opera Research Society were organizations that promoted drama reform. Han Bu’an (1877-1947), a dramatist of the early Republican years, was the director of the Drama Reform Society. He also served as the editor-in-chief of Social Education Weekly, the official publication of the Office of Social Education. His status and experience allowed him to see drama as a way of putting social education in practical implementation. Han authored many new opera scripts. In 1921, he wrote the theoretical treatise “Superfluous Remarks on Opera Writing”; and in 1924, he published a monograph entitled Bu’an on Drama. He was one of the few dramatists in early Republican years who combined theoretic discussion and creation. His active years saw the intersection between the rise and fall of the new drama forms and the May Fourth New Cultural Movement. Without giving up the traditional drama forms, he dedicated himself to exploring how to reform the traditional art of drama by adopting a hybrid performing style of “half new and half old,” and by putting forward a clear view of drama and practical script-writing theory. His efforts hold particular historical significance.
論《繫年》的性質與規範化：以戰争與弭兵書寫爲例
Authors: 李 隆獻 
Published: January 2024

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.
本文以《繫年》的“性質”與“規範化”爲論述焦點，並以“戰争”與“弭兵”爲例，比較《繫年》《春秋》《左傳》《國語》等書的書寫體式與書寫目的之異同，説明《繫年》的價值與侷限。全文計分八節：一、指出《繫年》的五個問題，並説明本文所欲探討的焦點。二、《繫年》内容述略。三、《繫年》研究述略。四、《繫年》性質述論：以《春秋》《左傳》《國語》爲參照。五、《繫年》與《左傳》性質的異同：以戰争書寫爲例。六、《繫年》與《左傳》兩次弭兵書寫的異同。七、論《繫年》的規範化。八、結論。
Focusing on the “nature” of the Chronology (Xinian) and its “standardization,” and utilizing its writing about battles and ceasefire treaties as examples, this article is a comparative analysis of the recording practices and aims of the Chronology, Spring and Autumn Annals, Zuo Tradition, and Guoyu, etc., to evaluate the value and limitations of the Chronology. The article is comprised of eight sections, as follows: 1) Introduction; 2) The contents of the Chronology; 3) Existing research on the Chronology;4) The nature of the Chronology, as compared with that of the Spring and Autumn Annals, Zuo Tradition, and Guoyu; 5) The similarities and differences in writing about battles between the Chronology and Zuo Tradition;6) A comparison of the ways in which the Chronology and the Zuo Tradition record the ceasefires between the states of Jin and Chu, which took place in 579 BCE and 564 BCE;7) Standardizations in the Chronology; and 8) Conclusion.
Forms and methods of preventing crimes in the field of drug trafficking
Authors: Kutsev Vladimir Valentinovich 
Published: January 2024

The subject of this study is the forms and methods of preventing crimes in the field of drug trafficking. The purpose of the study is to analyze the forms and methods of preventing drug crimes, their differentiation, identify current problems and develop ways to solve them. Attention is drawn to the fact that the main actors in the prevention of drug crime are the state and society. The role of the state is to coordinate and determine the vectors of combating drug crime, draw up plans and programs for preventive activities, and determine the competence of other subjects of prevention. Society also plays an important role in reducing drug crime, so it is important to involve citizens in the prevention of crimes in the field of drug trafficking. It is determined that the feedback mechanism contributes to the qualitative interaction of civil society institutions with law enforcement agencies and government agencies. The research methodology includes a number of general scientific methods of scientific cognition. The following methods were used in the course of the research: the method of analysis and synthesis, methods of deduction and induction, the method of analyzing scientific literature, the method of systematization, formal legal, dialectical and other methods. The research is structured according to the principles of logic and structuring. The scientific novelty of this study is to highlight the urgent problems of drug crime prevention as one of the methods of preventing crimes in the field of drug trafficking. Special attention is paid to improving the practice of social rehabilitation of drug addicts. This topic has been the subject of scientific research, but the main focus of many researchers is on drug treatment. At the same time, social rehabilitation and employment of drug addicts are of no less importance, as they seriously reduce the likelihood of such persons committing crimes in the field of drug trafficking. The considered method of preventing drug crimes, expressed in individual preventive work with drug addicts, will also contribute to reducing the demand for drugs, which will reduce the number of crimes in the field of illicit trafficking. The conducted research allowed us to conclude that such a method of preventing crimes in the field of drug trafficking as individual preventive work with drug addicts, their adaptation and social rehabilitation is of high importance. Some problems in this area are considered, and possible solutions are proposed.
Online physiology teaching for nursing students during the COVID-19 pandemic – strengths, challenges and reinforcement measures
Authors: D Savitha , Kumar Susan , Anto Taniya 
Published: January 2024

Objectives:
The forced shift to online education during the COVID-19 pandemic posed several challenges to Indian nursing education, especially with a complex subject like physiology. The objective of the study was to assess the apprehensions, expectations, and challenges perceived by nursing students and physiology faculty about the online mode of learning physiology, to evaluate the utility of reinforcement measures during the constraints of the pandemic, and to compare the online, offline, and blended modes.

Materials and Methods:
First-year nursing students (n = 100) underwent online and blended modes of physiology learning, with added reinforcement measures, during the pandemic. Beginning, mid, and end of course feedback was taken from students on the expectations and perceptions of the online mode. Feedback was obtained from students and faculty to understand the strengths and challenges of both modes. Quantitative data of student feedback were analysed using the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test. Thematic content analysis was used for qualitative data. Objective measures of student performance were compared using unpaired t-tests.

Results:
Online learning was perceived to be more difficult than anticipated by students. ‘Comfort’ in learning and ‘time management’ were the major strengths, while ‘reduced internet connectivity,’ ‘lack of interactions’ and ‘health issues’ were the biggest challenges expressed by students and faculty. The planned reinforcement measures were ‘sometimes’ helpful in revising and improving students’ confidence. The final summative assessment scores of students showed a better performance compared to the preceding academic batch.

Conclusion:
Students and faculty expressed some advantages and several disadvantages of online learning. They preferred offline or well-designed blended learning. The reinforcement measures seemed to aid student learning. The objective measures of assessment showed that students adapted well to the online mode. A model for blended learning for 1st-year nursing education, that utilises the advantages of both modes of learning, has been proposed, which requires further validation.
Analisis Produksi Bersih Industri Skala Kecil (Rumahan) di Kota Pontianak
Authors: Frisilla Maria Casandra , Pramudyaningrum Retno , Apriani Isna 
Published: January 2024

Produksi bersih merupakan pendekatan inovatif dan terpadu terhadap pengelolaan lingkungan yang dapat diterapkan di seluruh siklus produksi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi tahapan proses produksi, mengetahui output yang dihasilkan baik berupa produk setengah jadi maupun limbah dan rancangan penerapan produksi bersih yang akan mengurangi limbah yang dihasilkan untuk industri perumahan pempek. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di industri pempek skala kecil (rumahan) yang terletak di Komplek Asabri Permai No.14, Jl. Sungai Raya Dalam, Kec. Sungai Raya, Kabupaten Kubu Raya dengan titik koordinat 0° 5'16.10"S dan 109°21'14.12"E. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif. Data yang diperoleh dari survey lapangan berupa wawancara dikumpulkan kemudian diolah dan dianalisis dari literatur ilmiah seperti jurnal, penelitian terdahulu, studi literatur terkait industri pempek skala kecil (rumahan). Produksi bersih yang diterapkan di sektor pempek skala kecil rumahan diharapkan dapat meningkatkan keuntungan dan efisiensi dengan tetap menjaga kelestarian lingkungan.
Optimalisasi Penurunan Kehilangan Air pada District Meter Area Bambang Utoyo di Perumda Tirta Musi Kota Palembang
Authors: Najah Nyayu Siti Hidayatun , Yuniarto Adhi , Bustami Bustami 
Published: January 2024

Berdasarkan data non revenue water pada tahun 2022, District Meter Area Bambang Utoyo belum memenuhi target NRW nasional sebesar 25%. NRW DMA Bambang Utoyo mencapai 42,18% atau setara dengan 598.527m3/tahun dengan kerugian mencapai Rp1.974.540.573,00 per tahun. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kondisi eksisting dan mengkaji strategi untuk mengoptimalkan penurunan kehilangan air pada DMA Bambang Utoyo. Penelitian dilaksanakan dengan melakukan observasi, penyusunan neraca air dan pemodelan menggunakan Epanet 2.2 untuk mengetahui kondisi eksisting dari DMA Bambang Utoyo. Selanjutnya dilakukan kajian strategi menggunakan metode SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats) untuk mendapatkan strategi dalam mengoptimalkan penurunan kehilangan air pada DMA Bambang Utoyo. DMA telah memenuhi beberapa kondisi kecuali pembagian area sub zona. DMA ini memiliki 15,03% pipa yang berumur lebih dari 20 tahun dengan kehilangan air mencapai 43,70%. Strategi yang dapat diterapkan untuk penurunan kehilangan air pada DMA Bambang Utoyo meliputi pengembangan DMA teknologi IoT SCADA, perbaikan sub zona DMA, pengadaan alat pendeteksi kebocoran, pelaksanaan steptest dan pencarian titik kebocoran, pengujian akurasi meter air input dan survei konsumsi air ilegal. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan perbaikan terhadap kondisi eksisting DMA dengan menerapkan strategi untuk mengoptimalkan kehilangan air pada DMA Bambang Utoyo.
Analisis Persepsi Masyarakat Terhadap Pengelolaan Ekosistem Mangrov di Kawasan Mangrov Biringkassi Kabupaten Pangkep
Authors: Mappasomba Zulkifli , Haidir Muh 
Published: January 2024

This study aims to analyze public perception of mangrove management in the Biringkassi mangrove area of Pangkep regency. This research is important because the surrounding community does not get more education and attention from the government. This research is a descriptive research with a qualitative approach. Researchers conducted in-depth interviews with 45 purposively selected respondents using thematic category content analysis techniques to identify themes or patterns in the interview. The result: The level of understanding and knowledge of the community is low. Community participation is in the moderate category even though it is known that public perception of the benefits of mangrove ecosystems for them is quite good. Therefore, citizen involvement in maintaining mangrove ecosystems that are still at the middle level needs to be increased, and implementing programs such as: (1) increasing public awareness of the importance of mangrove ecosystems, (2) educating the public about mangrove ecosystem management, (3) intensifying government policies on planting and conservation, and (4) establishing effective communication between the government and the community