bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ileostomy for constipation: long‐term postoperative outcome
Authors: Scarpa M. , Barollo M. , Keighley M. R. B. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractBackground and aims  Idiopathic constipation is a rare indication for ileostomy construction. The aim of the study was to evaluate the success of ileostomy in treatment of severe constipation. Also to analyse the surgical complications and re‐operation rate to identify any factors potentially predictive of outcome.Patients and methods  This retrospective study analysed the long‐term outcome of 24 ileostomies constructed for constipation. The ileostomy construction was performed in 13 patients during large bowel/rectum resection, in 6 after a full laparotomy and in 5 through an abdominal wall trephine alone. We analysed the surgical complications and the re‐operation rate according any factors potentially predictive of outcome.Results  One (4%) patient had persistent constipation after stoma creation. Surgical complications occurred in 11 (46%): retraction in 6 (25.0%), peristomal sepsis in 3 (12.5%) and parastomal hernia in 2 (8.1%). Refashioning of the stoma was necessary in 7 (29%) patients. Previous abdominal surgery, end ileostomy, ileostomy constructed after large bowel resection or laparotomy were associated with a significantly higher incidence of stomal complications while age, duration of follow up, major complication and ileostomy created after bowel resection were associated to a significantly higher re‐operation rate (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis identified end ileostomy and ileostomy created after bowel resection as independent risk factors for surgical complication and re‐operation, respectively (P < 0.05).Conclusions  Ileostomies were associated with a high frequency of complications, but most could be managed by minor surgical interventions. Patients who are considered for an ileostomy for severe idiopathic constipation should, where possible, have a loop ileostomy through a trephine rather than a laparotomy.
Autopsy your dead…and living: a proposal for fisheries science, fisheries management and fisheries
Authors: Smith Tim D. , Link Jason S. 
Published: April 2005

Ghoti papers Ghoti aims to serve as a forum for stimulating and pertinent ideas. Ghoti publishes succinct commentary and opinion that addresses important areas in fish and fisheries science. Ghoti contributions will be innovative and have a perspective that may lead to fresh and productive insight of concepts, issues and research agendas. All Ghoti contributions will be selected by the editors and peer reviewed.Etymology of Ghoti George Bernard Shaw (1856‐1950), polymath, playwright, Nobel prize winner, and the most prolific letter writer in history, was an advocate of English spelling reform. He was reportedly fond of pointing out its absurdities by proving that ‘fish’ could be spelt ‘ghoti’. That is: ‘gh’ as in ‘rough’, ‘o’ as in ‘women’ and ‘ti’ as in palatial.AbstractConcerns abound about the state of the world's fisheries, and by association fisheries science and fisheries management. An important question is the cause of the problems with fisheries, which are managed based on advice given by practioners of the discipline of fisheries science. These scientists provide advice in two distinct forms, one ‘policy supporting’ and the other ‘policy forming’. Policy supporting advice is given within an existing management setting and is typically provided only after rigorous and standardized evaluation. In contrast, there is no formal basis for evaluating policy‐forming advice. Criteria for evaluating the adequacy of policy forming advice are difficult to define, and the absence of such criteria poses difficulties for both fisheries scientists and managers. Following a medical practice analogy, we propose rigorously conducting ‘autopsies’ of fisheries as an approach for evaluating policy‐forming advice. A systematic approach to conducting such autopsies is suggested, with the recognition that this may be crucial for the further development of fisheries science as a scientific discipline rather than as an art form.
A comprehensive study of the use of a homologous promoter in antisense cotton lines exhibiting a high seed oleic acid phenotype
Authors: Sunilkumar Ganesan , Campbell LeAnne M. , Hossen Monjur , Connell James P. , Hernandez Ernesto , Reddy Avutu S. , Smith Carl W. , Rathore Keerti S. 
Published: April 2005

SummaryAs opposed to first‐generation biotechnology products, such as pest‐resistant crops and herbicide‐resistant crops, second‐generation products often utilize plant‐derived, homologous or heterologous genes and/or promoters. In this study, we evaluated the ability of a promoter from a gene encoding a major storage protein in cottonseed to drive an antisense sequence of the cotton FAD2 gene to down‐regulate the activity of Δ‐12 desaturase enzyme in cottonseeds. The oleic acid level in the transgenic cottonseeds approximately doubled from the wild‐type level of 15%, with a concomitant decrease in the level of linoleic acid. A more extensive study of one line revealed a higher degree of seed‐to‐seed variability in the transgenic phenotype. A thorough investigation was conducted to determine the impact of the use of a homologous promoter to drive a transgene on the activity of the endogenous promoter. The results showed that the use of the homologous α‐globulin B promoter for transgenic purposes did not adversely affect the expression of α‐globulin B storage protein in cottonseed. The results obtained in this investigation on the use of a homologous promoter and antisense technology will be useful in the design of strategies to alter biosynthetic pathways for nutritional quality improvements and for the production of heterologous proteins of commercial value in seeds.
Mutan produced in potato amyloplasts adheres to starch granules
Authors: Kok‐Jacon Géraldine A. , Vincken Jean‐Paul , Suurs Luc C. J. M. , Visser Richard G. F. 
Published: April 2005

SummaryProduction of water‐insoluble mutan polymers in Kardal potato tubers was investigated after expression of a full‐length (GtfI) and a truncated mutansucrase gene referred to as GtfICAT (GtfI without glucan‐binding domain) from Streptococcus downei. Subsequent effects on starch biosynthesis at the molecular and biochemical levels were studied. Expression of the GtfICAT gene resulted in the adhesion of mutan material on starch granules, which stained red with erythrosine, and which was hydrolysed by exo‐mutanase. In addition, GtfICAT‐expressing plants exhibited a severely altered tuber phenotype and starch granule morphology in comparison to those expressing the full‐length GtfI gene. In spite of that, no structural changes at the starch level were observed. Expression levels of the sucrose‐regulated, AGPase and GBSSI genes were down‐regulated in only the GTFICAT transformants, showing that GtfICAT expression interfered with the starch biosynthetic pathway. In accordance with the down‐regulated AGPase gene, a lower starch content was observed in the GTFICAT transformants. Finally, the rheological properties of the GTFICAT starches were modified; they showed a higher retrogradation during cooling of the starch paste.
Adult‐onset Still's disease with atypical cutaneous features
Authors: Affleck AG , Littlewood SM 
Published: April 2005

ABSTRACTIntroduction  The diagnosis of adult‐onset Still's disease (AOSD) can be very difficult. There are no specific tests and reliance is usually placed on a symptom complex and the well described typical rash seen in most patients. In recent years, however, other cutaneous manifestations of AOSD have been reported but these are not so well known.Observations  We report a patient with urticaria and fixed plaques and review the other ‘atypical’ cutaneous findings associated with AOSD.Conclusions  The diagnosis of AOSD can be made in the absence of the typical Still's rash but in the presence of other atypical cutaneous features.
Simultaneous occurrence of pure red cell aplasia and papular‐purpuric ‘gloves and socks’ syndrome in parvovirus B‐19 infection
Authors: Loukeris D , Serelis J , Aroni K , Tsakris A , Voulgarelis M 
Published: April 2005

ABSTRACTPapular‐purpuric ‘gloves and socks’ syndrome (PPGSS) has been associated with parvovirus B‐19 infection. We report a case of an adult immunocompetent male who presented with PPGSS. Bone marrow examination revealed pure red cell aplasia. Parvovirus B‐19 DNA was detected by polymerase chain reaction in the patient's serum, whole blood and in the cutaneous lesions. This report illustrates the variety of clinical manifestations caused by B‐19 infection, presents for the first time the concurrent appearance of pure red cell aplasia and PPGSS in the same patient and, finally, suggests that PPGSS may be due to direct lytic effect of the virus.
Dermatological manifestations in hepatitis B surface antigen carriers in east region of Turkey
Authors: Dogan B 
Published: April 2005

ABSTRACTBackground and design   Various cutaneous disorders associated with hepatitis B virus infection have been reported so far. Almost all of them were some peculiar eruptions or some disorders mainly based on immune complex reaction.Objective  The aim of this study was to compare the frequency of all dermatological disorders other than genetic ones in hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carrier patients and controls in our geographical area.Methods  Examinations were made on 88 hepatitis B carriers and 84 control patients, including entire skin surface, and oral and anogenital mucosa, and all the manifestations that could be seen were noted down.Results  While the number of HBsAg carrier patients with dermatological disorders was 62 (70.75%), it was only 24 (28.57%) in control patients. This seems statistically important: Yates’ corrected chi‐square test = 28.5; P = 0.0000001; odds ratio = 6.0 (2.94 < odds ratio < 12.2). The prevalence of oral lichen planus and pitted keratolysis in HBsAg carrier group was significantly higher than that of controls. We found the duration of positivity was not important statistically in the development of the dermatological disorders.Conclusions  HBsAg positivity may induce or cause proneness to oral lichen planus and pitted keratolysis with some mechanism that needs to be elucidated.
Juvenile colloid milium: a case report
Authors: Ekmekci TR , Koslu A , Sakiz D 
Published: April 2005

ABSTRACTJuvenile colloid milium is extremely rare, has its onset before puberty, may be inherited, may be caused by ultraviolet light, and is thought to result from the degeneration of keratinocytes. We report a 7‐year‐old girl with juvenile colloid milium. To the best of our knowledge this is the first reported case in Turkey.
Endoplasmic reticulum positioning and partitioning in mitotic HeLa cells
Authors: McCullough Simon , Lucocq John 
Published: April 2005

AbstractCell division serves to distribute chromosomes and organelles into two daughter cells, but the mechanism of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) segregation in animal cell mitosis is poorly understood. Here we study the distribution of RER in mitotic HeLa cells and its relation to the cytoskeleton. At metaphase, the RER was located in the cell cortex and was most concentrated in two locations. Close to the plasma membrane the RER was closely associated with cortical actin, and after treatment with Latrunculin A RER elements retracted to the deep cortex and became more tubular. Positioning was therefore dependent on cortical F‐actin. Deeper in the cortex cisternae were wrapped tightly around the contours of the spindle body and orientated along microtubules close the spindle poles. Stereology revealed a close correlation between RER volume and cell volume in telophase daughter cells. These results suggest that the RER is positioned at the outer and inner regions of metaphase cortex by association with cytoskeleton. This arrangement combined with a disposition in concentric layers, deep to the plasma membrane, appears to distribute the RER evenly in the cortex and may help to couple quantities of RER and cell constituents.
Dopamine D2 receptor stimulation of mitogen‐activated protein kinases mediated by cell type‐dependent transactivation of receptor tyrosine kinases
Authors: Wang Chunhe , Buck David C. , Yang Rui , Macey Tara A. , Neve Kim A. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractDopamine D2 receptor activation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinases (ERKs) in non‐neuronal human embryonic kidney 293 cells was dependent on transactivation of the platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor, as demonstrated by the effect of the PDGF receptor inhibitors tyrphostin A9 and AG 370 on quinpirole‐induced phosphorylation of ERKs and by quinpirole‐induced tyrosine phosphorylation of the PDGF receptor. In contrast, ectopically expressed D2 receptor or endogenous D2‐like receptor activation of ERKs in NS20Y neuroblastoma cells, which express little or no PDGF receptor, or in rat neostriatal neurons was largely dependent on transactivation of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor, as demonstrated using the EGF receptor inhibitor AG 1478 and by quinpirole‐induced phosphorylation of the EGF receptor. The D2 receptor agonist quinpirole enhanced the coprecipitation of D2 and EGF receptors in NS20Y cells, suggesting that D2 receptor activation induced the formation of a macromolecular signaling complex that includes both receptors. Transactivation of the EGF receptor also involved the activity of a matrix metalloproteinase. Thus, although D2 receptor stimulation of ERKs in both cell lines was decreased by inhibitors of ERK kinase, Src‐family protein tyrosine kinases, and serine/threonine protein kinases, D2‐like receptors activated ERKs via transactivation of the EGF receptor in NS20Y neuroblastoma cells and rat embryonic neostriatal neurons, but via transactivation of the PDGF receptor in 293 cells.
Integrin signaling cascades are operational in adult hippocampal synapses and modulate NMDA receptor physiology
Authors: Bernard‐Trifilo Joie A. , Kramár Enikö A. , Torp Reidun , Lin Ching‐Yi , Pineda Eduardo A. , Lynch Gary , Gall Christine M. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractIntegrin class adhesion proteins are concentrated at adult brain synapses. Whether synaptic integrins engage kinase signaling cascades has not been determined, but is a question of importance to ideas about integrin involvement in functional synaptic plasticity. Accordingly, synaptoneurosomes from adult rat brain were used to test if matrix ligands activate integrin‐associated tyrosine kinases, and if integrin signaling targets include NMDA‐class glutamate neurotransmitter receptors. The integrin ligand peptide Gly‐Arg‐Gly‐Asp‐Ser‐Pro (GRGDSP) induced rapid (within 5 min) and robust increases in tyrosine phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase, proline‐rich tyrosine kinase 2 and Src family kinases. Increases were similarly induced by the native ligand fibronectin, blocked with neutralizing antibodies to β1 integrin, and not obtained with control peptides, indicating that kinase activation was integrin‐mediated. Both GRGDSP and fibronectin caused rapid Src kinase‐dependent increases in tyrosine phosphorylation of NMDA receptor subunits NR2A and NR2B in synaptoneurosomes and acute hippocampal slices. Tests of the physiological significance of the latter result showed that ligand treatment caused a rapid and β1 integrin‐dependent increase in NMDA receptor‐mediated synaptic responses. These results provide the first evidence that, in adult brain, synaptic integrins activate local kinase cascades with potent effects on the operation of nearby neurotransmitter receptors implicated in synaptic plasticity.
Regulation of mitochondrial gene expression by energy demand in neural cells
Authors: Mehrabian Zara , Liu Li‐Ing , Fiskum Gary , Rapoport Stanley I. , Chandrasekaran Krish 
Published: April 2005

AbstractMitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) encodes critical subunit proteins of the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complex that generates ATP. This study tested the hypothesis that mitochondrial gene expression in neural cells is regulated by energy demand, as modified via stimulation of cellular sodium transport. Exposure of PC12S cells to the sodium ionophore monensin (250 nm) for 1–6 h caused a 13–60% decrease in cellular ATP (from 15 to 5 nmol per mg protein at 6 h). Levels of mitochondrial DNA‐encoded mRNAs (mt‐mRNAs) increased significantly (150%) within the first hour of exposure to monensin, and then decreased significantly (50%) at 3–4 h. Levels of mtDNA‐encoded 12S rRNA and nuclear DNA‐encoded OXPHOS subunit mRNAs were not significantly affected. Exposure of primary cerebellar neuronal cultures to the excitatory amino acid glutamate caused a similar rapid and significant increase followed by a significant decrease in cell mt‐mRNA levels. The monensin‐induced initial increase in mt‐mRNA levels was abolished by pretreatment with actinomycin D or by reducing extracellular sodium ion concentration. The monensin‐induced delayed reduction in mt‐mRNA levels was accelerated in the presence of actinomycin D, and was accompanied by a 67% reduction in the half‐life (from 3.6 to 1.2 h). Exposure of PC12S cells to 2‐deoxy‐d‐glucose significantly decreased cellular ATP levels (from 14.2 to 7.1 nmol per mg protein at 8 h), and increased mt‐mRNA levels. These results suggest a physiological transcriptional mechanism of regulation of mitochondrial gene expression by energy demand and a post‐transcriptional regulation that is independent of energy status of the cell.
Influences of dopaminergic lesion on epidermal growth factor‐ErbB signals in Parkinson's disease and its model: neurotrophic implication in nigrostriatal neurons
Authors: Iwakura Yuriko , Piao Ying‐shan , Mizuno Makoto , Takei Nobuyuki , Kakita Akiyoshi , Takahashi Hitoshi , Nawa Hiroyuki 
Published: April 2005

AbstractEpidermal growth factor (EGF) is a member of a structurally related family containing heparin‐binding EGF‐like growth factor (HB‐EGF) and transforming growth factor alpha (TGFα) that exerts neurotrophic activity on midbrain dopaminergic neurons. To examine neurotrophic abnormality in Parkinson's disease (PD), we measured the protein content of EGF, TGFα, and HB‐EGF in post‐mortem brains of patients with Parkinson's disease and age‐matched control subjects. Protein levels of EGF and tyrosine hydroxylase were decreased in the prefrontal cortex and the striatum of patients. In contrast, HB‐EGF and TGFα levels were not significantly altered in either region. The expression of EGF receptors (ErbB1 and ErbB2, but not ErbB3 or ErbB4) was down‐regulated significantly in the same forebrain regions. The same phenomenon was mimicked in rats by dopaminergic lesions induced by nigral 6‐hydroxydopamine infusion. EGF and ErbB1 levels in the striatum of the PD model were markedly reduced on the lesioned side, compared with the control hemisphere. Subchronic supplement of EGF in the striatum of the PD model locally prevented the dopaminergic neurodegeration as measured by tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity. These findings suggest that the neurotrophic activity of EGF is maintained by afferent signals of midbrain dopaminergic neurons and is impaired in patients with Parkinson's disease.
Real‐time quantitative PCR analysis of temporal–spatial alterations in gene expression after spinal cord contusion
Authors: Wu Xiaofang , Yoo Soonmoon , Wrathall Jean. R. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractRat spinal cord contusion injury models the histopathology associated with much clinical spinal cord injury (SCI). Studies on altered gene expression after SCI in these models may identify therapeutic targets for reducing secondary injury after the initial trauma and/or enhancing recovery processes. However, complex spatial and temporal alterations after injury could complicate interpretation of changes in gene expression. To test this hypothesis, we selected six genes and studied their temporal and spatial patterns of expression at 1 h, 1, 3 and 7 days after a standardized spinal cord contusion produced by a weight drop device (10 g × 25 mm at T8). Real‐time RT–PCR using TaqMan probes was employed to quantify mRNA for proteolipid protein, glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase, glial fibrillary acidic protein, nestin, and the GluR2 and NR1 subunits of glutamate receptors. We found widely different temporal and spatial patterns of altered gene expression after SCI, including instances of opposing up‐ and down‐regulation at different locations in tissue immediately adjacent to the injury site. We conclude that greater use of the reliable and extremely sensitive technique of quantitative real‐time PCR for regional tissue analysis is important for understanding the altered gene expression that occurs after CNS trauma.
Vaccination alone or in combination with pyridostigmine promotes and prolongs activation of stress‐activated kinases induced by stress in the mouse brain
Authors: Wang Dechun , Perides George , Liu Ya Fang 
Published: April 2005

AbstractGulf war illnesses (GWI) are currently affecting thousands of veterans. To date, the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of these illnesses remain unknown. During Gulf war I, military personnel were exposed to multiple stressors, one or more vaccines, pyridostigmine (PY), and other chemicals. In our previous studies, we found that stress induces activation of mitogen activated protein‐kinase kinase 4 (MKK4) and c‐Jun‐N‐terminal kinase (JNK) in the mouse brain (Liu et al. 2004). Our working hypothesis is that stress, vaccination, and PY may synergistically induce activation of MKK4 and JNK in the brain, leading to over‐activation of these kinases and neurological injuries. To test our hypothesis, we examined the effect of keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) immunization alone or in combination with PY on activation of MKK4 and JNK induced by stress. We found that KLH immunization alone had a small effect on MKK4 or JNK activity but it significantly enhanced and prolonged activation of these kinases induced by stress, from a few hours to several days. Additionally, KLH immunization caused activation of p38MAPK. PY treatment further enhanced and prolonged activation of these kinases induced by stress in combination with KLH immunization and triggered activation of caspase‐3. Our current studies suggest that stress, vaccination, and PY may synergistically act on multiple stress‐activated kinases in the brain to cause neurological impairments in GWI.
Mutations in the neurofilament light gene linked to Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease cause defects in transport
Authors: Pérez‐Ollé Raül , López‐Toledano Miguel A. , Goryunov Dmitry , Cabrera‐Poch Noemi , Stefanis Leonidas , Brown Kristy , Liem Ronald K. H. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractNeurofilament light gene mutations have been linked to a subset of patients with Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease, the most common inherited motor and sensory neuropathy. We have previously shown that Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth‐linked mutant neurofilament light assembles abnormally in non‐neuronal cells. In this study, we have characterized the effects of expression of mutant neurofilament light proteins on axonal transport in a neuronal cell culture model. We demonstrated that the Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth‐linked neurofilament light mutations: (i) affect the axonal transport of mutant neurofilaments; (ii) have a dominant‐negative effect on the transport of wild‐type neurofilaments; (iii) affect the transport of mitochondria and the anterograde axonal transport marker human amyloid precursor protein; (iv) result in alterations of retrograde axonal transport and (v) cause fragmentation of the Golgi apparatus. Increased neuritic degeneration was observed in neuronal cells overexpressing neurofilament light mutants. Our results suggest that these generalized axonal transport defects could be responsible for the neuropathy in Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease.