bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Demographic and clinical associations to employment status in older‐age bipolar disorder: Analysis from the GAGE‐BD database project
Authors: Mallu Amulya , Chan Carol K. , Eyler Lisa T. , Dols Annemiek , Rej Soham , Blumberg Hilary P. , Sarna Kaylee , Forester Brent P. , Patrick Regan E. , Forlenza Orestes V. , Jimenez Esther , Vieta Eduard , Schouws Sigfried , Sutherland Ashley , Yala Joy , Briggs Farren B. S. , Sajatovic Martha 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe current literature on employment in older adults with bipolar disorder (OABD) is limited. Using the Global Aging and Geriatric Experiments in Bipolar Disorder Database (GAGE‐BD), we examined the relationship of occupational status in OABD to other demographic and clinical characteristics.MethodsSeven hundred and thirty‐eight participants from 11 international samples with data on educational level and occupational status were included. Employment status was dichotomized as employed versus unemployed. Generalized linear mixed models with random intercepts for the study cohort were used to examine the relationship between baseline characteristics and employment. Predictors in the models included baseline demographics, education, psychiatric symptom severity, psychiatric comorbidity, somatic comorbidity, and prior psychiatric hospitalizations.ResultsIn the sample, 23.6% (n = 174) were employed, while 76.4% were unemployed (n = 564). In multivariable logistic regression models, less education, older age, a history of both anxiety and substance/alcohol use disorders, more prior psychiatric hospitalizations, and higher levels of BD depression severity were associated with greater odds of unemployment. In the subsample of individuals less than 65 years of age, findings were similar. No significant association between manic symptoms, gender, age of onset, or employment status was observed.ConclusionResults suggest an association between educational level, age, psychiatric severity and comorbidity in relation to employment in OABD. Implications include the need for management of psychiatric symptoms and comorbidity across the lifespan, as well as improving educational access for people with BD and skills training or other support for those with work‐life breaks to re‐enter employment and optimize the overall outcome.
Racial disparities in low‐risk cesarean birth rates across hospitals
Authors: Clark Rebecca R. S. , Peele Morgan E. , Srinivas Sindhu , Lake Eileen T. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundWe compared low‐risk cesarean birth rates for Black and White women across hospitals serving increasing proportions of Black women and identified hospitals where Black women had low‐risk cesarean rates less than or equal to White women.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional analysis of secondary data from four states, we categorized hospitals by their proportion of Black women giving birth from “low” to “high”. We analyzed the odds of low‐risk cesarean for Black and White women across hospital categories.ResultsOur sample comprised 493 hospitals and the 65,524 Black and 251,426 White women at low risk for cesarean who birthed in them. The mean low‐risk cesarean rate was significantly higher for Black, compared with White, women in the low (20.1% vs. 15.9%) and medium (18.1% vs. 16.9%) hospital categories. In regression models, no hospital structural characteristics were significantly associated with the odds of a Black woman having a low‐risk cesarean. For White women, birthing in a hospital serving the highest proportion of Black women was associated with a 21% (95% CI: 1.01–1.44) increase in the odds of having a low‐risk cesarean.DiscussionBlack women had higher odds of a low‐risk cesarean than White women and were more likely to access care in hospitals with higher low‐risk cesarean rates. The existence of hospitals where low‐risk cesarean rates for Black women were less than or equal to those of White women was notable, given a predominant focus on hospitals where Black women have poorer outcomes. Efforts to decrease the low‐risk cesarean rate should focus on (1) improving intrapartum care for Black women and (2) identifying differentiating organizational factors in hospitals where cesarean birth rates are optimally low and equivalent among racial groups as a basis for system‐level policy efforts to improve equity and reduce cesarean birth rates.
Acute myeloid leukaemia relapse after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation: Mechanistic diversity and therapeutic directions
Authors: Herrity Elizabeth , Pereira Mariana Pinto , Kim Dennis Dong Hwan 
Published: October 2023

SummaryEmerging biological and clinical data, along with advances in new technologies, have exposed the mechanistic diversity in post‐haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HCT) relapse. Post‐HCT relapse mechanisms are relevant for guiding sophisticated selection of therapeutic interventions and identification of areas for further research. Clonal evolution and emergence of resistant leukemic strains is a common mechanism shared by relapse post‐chemotherapy and post‐HCT, other mechanisms such as leukemic immune escape and donor T cell exhaustion are unique entities to post‐HCT relapse. Due to diversity in the mechanisms behind post‐HCT relapse, the subsequent clinical approach relies on clinician discretion, rather than objective evidence. Lack of standardized selection based on post‐HCT relapse mechanism(s) could be a contributing factor to observed poor outcomes. Therapeutic strategies including donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI), second transplant, immunotherapies, hypomethylating agents, and targeted strategies are supported options and efficacy may be enhanced when post‐HCT AML relapse mechanism is established and guides treatment selection. This review aims, through compilation of supporting studies, to describe mechanisms of post‐HCT relapse and their implications for subsequent treatment selection and inspiration for future research.
Pakistani children's lived experiences of relationships in the context of child protection services in Norway: An interpretative phenomenological analysis
Authors: Wilson Samita , Hean Sarah , Abebe Tatek , Heaslip Vanessa 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis paper examines how children from immigrant background experience and negotiate power relations with family and social workers in the context of child protection services (CPS) in Norway. Using the interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) methodology, 11 children from Pakistani background were interviewed about their lived experiences with CPS. Analysis of the data highlights that children have to negotiate and navigate generational and gendered power relations both within the families and the CPS to exercise their agency. The analysis contributes to a limited research field focusing on immigrant children's multidimensional lived realities in the context of CPS, where children's voices are largely missing.
Interrogating diversity: Feminism and the destructuration of Australian board appointment practices
Authors: Wright Claire , Cortese Corinne , Al‐Mamun Abdullah , Ali Searat 
Published: October 2023

AbstractResearch Question/IssueHow have social movements influenced the diversity of Australian corporate leadership? Although board diversity is crucial for corporate governance, the research in this topic is bifurcated between studies examining interlocking directorates and the presence of boardroom gender diversity.Research Findings/InsightsIn this study, we use a novel dataset and method to understand board diversity. We integrate the analysis of social diversity (structural connections) and demographic diversity among ASX50 boards in 2019 and 2023. Social network analysis (SNA) reveals a closely connected corporate community, with prosopography data identifying a narrow range of “acceptable” demographic characteristics.Theoretical/Academic ImplicationsWe extend institutional theory by examining the role of global social movements (GSMs) for the destructuration of board appointment practices and the resulting uneven progress on equality. Activism from the global feminist movement has applied multi‐dimensional coercive and normative pressures to develop a “pipeline” and “catalyst” for women's board appointments. Simultaneously, the absence of targeted action on other diversities and the intensification of directors' professional requirements have institutionalized the group's social and demographic profile.Practitioner/Policy ImplicationsThese findings are relevant to policymakers and corporations, highlighting the role of social movements for disrupting the status quo and the multidimensional institutional pressures needed to destructure entrenched appointment practices.
Role of ascorbic acid in cardiac allograft vasculopathy
Authors: Chang Alyssa , Martin Kathleen A. , Colvin Monica , Bellumkonda Lavanya 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPurpose of the ReviewCardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) is a progressive fibroproliferative disease which occurs after heart transplantation and is associated with significant long‐term morbidity and mortality. Currently available strategies including statins, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors, and revascularization, have limited overall effectiveness in treating this pathology once the disease process is established. mTOR inhibitors, while effective when used early in the disease process, are not well tolerated, and hence not routinely used in post‐transplant care.Recent DataRecent work on rodent models have given us a novel mechanistic understanding of effects of ascorbic acid in preventing CAV. TET methyl cytosine dioxygenase2 (TET2) reduces vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) apoptosis and intimal thickening. TET2 is repressed by interferon γ (IFNγ) in the setting of CAV. Ascorbic acid has been shown to promote TET2 activity and attenuate allograft vasculopathy in animal models and CAV progression in a small clinical trial.SummaryCAV remains a challenging disease process and needs better preventative strategies. Ascorbic acid improves endothelial dysfunction, reduces reactive oxygen species, and prevents development of intimal hyperplasia by preventing smooth muscle cell apoptosis and hyperproliferation. Further large‐scale randomized control studies of ascorbic acid are needed to establish the role in routine post‐transplant management.
Calibration and validation of fatigue design models for railway car bodies considering uncertainty
Authors: Kraft Sönke , Blum Helene Luise , Gomes Alves Christian 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe fatigue design of railway vehicles is a requirement for resource‐ and energy‐efficient lightweight design. A simulation‐based design process makes high demands on the reliability of results. Therefore, this work focuses on the calibration of weld quality parameters for the simulation‐based fatigue design of railway car bodies. Since the direct measurement of weld parameters is costly, an indirect Bayesian calibration approach is implemented, effectively combining limited testing with numerical simulations. Fatigue tests have been performed on the probe, component, and structure level for the load‐bearing section of the Next Generation Train (NGT) car body within the SimbaCon (Simulation‐based Conception) project at DLR. Based on the distribution of the measured life spans for component tests, the corresponding weld seam quality factors are calibrated using Bayesian calibration. The resulting weld seam qualities are used for the fatigue assessment of the complex car body structure.
Livelihoods and poverty in small‐scale fisheries in western Amazonia
Authors: Poissant David , Coomes Oliver T. , Robinson Brian E. , Takasaki Yoshito , Abizaid Christian 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSmall‐scale fisheries are vital to millions of rural people, but surprisingly little is known about the environmental and socio‐economic factors that guide rural peoples' decisions to adopt a fishery‐oriented livelihood. We analyzed data from a large‐scale household survey of 3929 households in 235 rural communities in the Peruvian Amazon to develop multi‐scalar quantitative models to explain engagement in fishing and the relationship between fishing livelihoods and poverty. Households harvested an average of 1000 kg of fish and sold 450 kg over the 12 months preceding interviews. The mean total annual income was 3119 USD per household and fishing contributed 27% to total income. Access to extensive floodplain habitat, geographical isolation, and an available workforce were important drivers of fishing activity, while poor market connectivity and limited financial capital restricted households from increasing the scale of market‐oriented fishing. Wealthier households generally harvested more fish, whereas reliance on fisheries was greatest among poorer households who harvested less fish. Fisheries management and conservation initiatives in developing regions must consider the distinct drivers of fishing specialization across the full wealth spectrum with particular attention to “high reliance‐high harvest” households.
Reactive oxygen species and gastric carcinogenesis: The complex interaction between Helicobacter pylori and host
Authors: Wu Shiying , Chen Yongqiang , Chen Ziqi , Wei Fangtong , Zhou Qingqing , Li Ping , Gu Qing 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHelicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a highly successful human pathogen that colonizes stomach in around 50% of the global population. The colonization of bacterium induces an inflammatory response and a substantial rise in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), mostly derived from host neutrophils and gastric epithelial cells, which play a crucial role in combating bacterial infections. However, H. pylori has developed various strategies to quench the deleterious effects of ROS, including the production of antioxidant enzymes, antioxidant proteins as well as blocking the generation of oxidants. The host's inability to eliminate H. pylori infection results in persistent ROS production. Notably, excessive ROS can disrupt the intracellular signal transduction and biological processes of the host, incurring chronic inflammation and cellular damage, such as DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, and protein oxidation. Markedly, the sustained inflammatory response and oxidative stress during H. pylori infection are major risk factor for gastric carcinogenesis. In this context, we summarize the literature on H. pylori infection‐induced ROS production, the strategies used by H. pylori to counteract the host response, and subsequent host damage and gastric carcinogenesis.
Cosmetic UV filters in the environment—state of the art in EU regulations, science and possible knowledge gaps
Authors: Pawlowski Sascha , Luetjens Laura Henriette , Preibisch Alina , Acker Stephanie , Petersen‐Thiery Mechtild 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this work was to review the principals of environmental hazard and risk assessment (ERA) of cosmetic UV filters registered under EU REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals). Furthermore, effects as obtained from non‐standardized testing methods and organisms from scientific literature were compared against the predicted no effect concentrations (PNECs) as derived based on standardized test methods for the various environmental compartments under REACH.MethodsThe REACH dossiers at the ECHA webpage were screened for available information related to basic physico–chemical data (i.e. water solubility, octanol–water partitioning coefficient), PNECs and associated data (data basis, assessment factors (AFs)). Scientific literature was screened for available ecotoxicity data and the adverse effect levels were compared against the derived PNECs under REACH. Current approaches for environmental risk assessments of UV filters were evaluated for its applicability for a direct release scenario.ResultsUnder REACH, PNECs were derived for all hazardous UV filters. Although, PNECs were often derived for various environmental compartments (i.e. freshwater, marine water, sediment, soil), results from literature focused on aquatic data. Effects as observed within scientific literature matches in principle with the hazardous profile of the UV filters. Effects levels both on the acute and the chronic toxicity as retrieved from the non‐standardized test organisms (literature) were above the derived PNECs under REACH. Currently, ERAs performed for cosmetic UV filters under REACH are solely tonnage driven and thus do not fully capture the use in sunscreens and associated leisure activities.ConclusionExisting EU REACH regulation is considered as sufficient to evaluate the environmental safety of UV filters used in sunscreens. To cover the direct release of UV filters due to various leisure activities into the aquatic freshwater and marine environment, an additional application‐based ERA is considered necessary.
Sunscreens – another endangered species?
Authors: Matts Paul J. , Nash J Frank 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSkin cancer continues to increase in incidence year‐on‐year and represents the most common form of cancer across the globe. Every human undergoes premature ageing, particularly on the face, neck and hands. Both phenomena are driven primarily by chronic, daily exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR). While sunscreen products play a primary role in the prevention of UVR skin damage, the active ingredients, i.e., UVR filters, are facing unprecedented challenges in the coming 10 years and their future is by no means certain. This article, therefore, reviews afresh the facts around photoprotection and the role of sunscreen products in the prevention of acute (sunburn) and chronic (cancer, photoageing) skin damage and compares/contrasts these with various emerging questions and opinions around UVR filter technology. We present a passionate defence of this remarkable technology, but also attempt to imagine a world without it.
Nanomaterials in sunscreens: Potential human and ecological health implications
Authors: Keller Arturo A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractInorganic nanomaterials such as TiO2 and ZnO provide significant benefits in terms of UV protection, and their use generally has increased in commercial sunscreens. However, more recently there have been concerns about their potential human and ecological health implications, mostly driven by perception rather than by formal assessments. The large and increasing body of literature on these nanomaterials indicates that in most circumstances their risk are minimal. Penetration of the human epidermis is minimal for these nanomaterials, significantly reducing the potential effects that these nanomaterials may pose to internal organs. The excess Zn ion dose is very small compared to normal dietary consumption of Zn, which is a necessary element. The levels of residual nanomaterials or released ions in public swimming pools is also low, with minimal effect in case this water is ingested during swimming or bathing. In natural environments with significant water flow due to wind and water currents, the concentrations of nanomaterials and released ions are generally well below levels that would cause effects in aquatic organisms. However, sensitive habitats with slow currents, such as coral reefs, may accumulate these nanomaterials. The number of studies of the levels and effects of nanomaterials in these sensitive habitats is very small; more research is needed to determine if there is an elevated risk to these ecosystems from the use of sunscreens with these nanomaterials.
Effect of icariin surface treatment on the resorption of denuded roots after replantation in rat
Authors: Elhakim Ahmed , Kim Sunil , Shin Su‐Jung , Jung Han‐Sung , Kim Euiseong 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimLimiting the incidence of resorption associated with delayed replantation of avulsed teeth is critical for long‐term tooth survival. In this study, we assessed whether icariin, a natural product with anti‐osteoclastic properties, could reduce root resorption in a rat model of tooth replantation.MethodologyCytocompatibility of icariin (10, 20, 40 and 80 μM) was evaluated by CCK‐8 proliferation assay in vitro, and an osteoclastogenesis assay was performed to evaluate the effect of icariin on the differentiation of rat bone marrow macrophages and human peripheral blood monocytes into tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase‐stained (TRAP+) multinucleated giant cells (MNGCs). Differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) treated with icariin (10 μM) was also evaluated at 5, 10 and 21 days of osteogenic induction. The first maxillary molars of five‐week‐old male Sprague–Dawley rats were extracted, denuded of PDL, then treated either with neutralized collagen solution (Carrier control) or icariin in collagen (3 μg/μL) before replantation into their sockets. The animals were euthanized 2 weeks post‐surgery for micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT) imaging and histological analyses.ResultsIcariin was cytocompatible and significantly reduced the differentiation of TRAP+ MNGCs in a dose‐dependent manner compared to the control. Moreover, icariin enhanced alkaline phosphatase activity, expression of osteogenic marker genes and proteins, and calcium deposition in hPDLSCs. Micro‐CT imaging of the replanted samples demonstrated a significantly higher volume of remaining roots in the icariin‐treated group than in the control group. Histological analysis revealed a marked number of resorptive lacunae with TRAP activity in the control group, whereas icariin‐treated samples showed signs of functional healing and reduced osteoclastic activity.ConclusionsIcariin was biocompatible and demonstrated potent anti‐osteoclastic and pro‐osteogenic properties that reduced resorption and promoted functional healing of denuded roots in a rat maxillary first molar model of replantation. These findings indicate that root surface treatment with icariin may be a clinically relevant and practical method for improving the retention and survival of teeth with compromised PDL after delayed replantation following traumatic avulsion.
Effects of cigarette smoke inhalation on the immune‐inflammatory profile of experimental apical periodontitis in rats
Authors: da Silva Ana Claudia Rodrigues , Vasques Ana Maria Veiga , Bueno Carlos Roberto Emerenciano , Ervolino Edilson , Cintra Luciano Tavares Ângelo , Biguetti Claudia Cristina , Matsumoto Mariza Akemi , Dezan‐Junior Eloi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of cigarette smoke inhalation on the immune‐inflammatory profile of experimental apical periodontitis in rats.MethodologyIn total, 32 male Wistar rats were divided into four groups (n = 8): AP—induced apical periodontitis; S—cigarette smoke inhalation; APS—induced AP and cigarette smoke inhalation; and C (control)—neither AP nor cigarette smoke inhalation. To induce cigarette smoke inhalation, the animals were kept in a chamber filled with tobacco smoke for 8 min thrice a day for 50 days. AP was induced 20 days after inhalation initiation by exposing their coronary pulp to their oral environment for 30 days. After animals were euthanized, their right hemimaxillae were removed for histopathological, semi‐quantitative and immunohistochemical (F4/80, CD206 and iNOS) analyses.ResultsQuantitative data showed a moderate number of inflammatory infiltrates in AP and an intense number in APS (p < .05). Comparing F4/80+ cells showed no statistically significant differences among groups, but we found more CD206+ cells in AP than in C and S (p > .05). INOS+ immunostaining showed a significant increase in AP and APS, when compared with C and S (p < .05). APS had more iNOS+ cells than AP (p < .05).ConclusionCigarette smoke inhalation worsened AP, leading to a predominantly pro‐ inflammatory profile in our experimental model.