bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Normal values for maximal static inspiratory and expiratory pressures in healthy children
Authors: Tomalak Waldemar , Pogorzelski Andrzej , Prusak Jarosław 
Published: October 2002

AbstractMaximal static respiratory pressures are a simple measure of respiratory muscle strength. In order to construct a set of equations describing normal values, we measured maximal inspiratory (PImax) and expiratory (PEmax) pressures in 296 children (144 boys and 152 girls), aged 7–14 years, in sitting and standing positions.The boys reached higher values in sitting and standing positions for PImax (−8.29 ± 2.69 and −8.19 ± 2.73 kPa, respectively) and PEmax (8.02 ± 2.32 and 7.94 ± 2.32 kPa, respectively) than girls (−6.53 ± 1.99 and −6.60 ± 2.03 kPa for PImax and 6.91 ± 1.79 and 7.13 ± 1.81 kPa for PEmax for sitting and standing positions, respectively); the differences between boys and girls were highly significant (P < 0.001 in all instances). There were no differences regarding body position during measurements in both genders. Multiple correlation analysis showed significant correlations of pressures to age in boys in all cases, but in girls only for PImax in standing position. Therefore, equations describing reference values were constructed with respect to age as the independent variable. Maximal pressures also correlated with maximal inspiratory and expiratory flows.The measurements of PImax and PEmax are useful in assessing respiratory muscle strength despite their relatively large variability. PImax and PEmax also correlate with maximum peak expiratory and inspiratory flows. Children generate lower pressures and lower maximal flows than adolescents and adults. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2002; 34:42–46. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Incidence of respiratory syncytial virus‐related hospitalizations in high‐risk children: Follow‐up of a national cohort of infants treated with Palivizumab as RSV prophylaxis
Authors: Lacaze‐Masmonteil Thierry , Rozé Jean‐Christophe , Fauroux Brigitte 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe prophylactic administration of Palivizumab, a monoclonal antibody binding the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) fusion protein, was recently shown to significantly decrease the incidence of RSV‐related hospitalizations among high‐risk children (IMpact‐RSV trial). While awaiting marketing authorization in France and through a cohort of patients' name‐based national program temporarily authorized by the French Drug Agency, a prospective register of all Palivizumab‐treated patients in France was set up during the epidemic season 1999–2000. Based on this register, this study was carried out to evaluate the incidence of RSV‐related hospitalizations and the safety of prophylaxis among a national cohort of children at high‐risk of severe RSV disease.During the study period, guidelines issued by the French Pediatric Society recommended prophylaxis for children either aged less than 6 months at inclusion and born at less than 33 weeks of gestation with a history of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) at 28 days of life, or aged less than 2 years, born at less than 36 weeks of gestation, and having required treatment for BPD over the previous 6 months. Once included in the program, investigators were to prospectively report the clinical and demographic characteristics of children, all hospitalizations, and reasons for the hospitalizations.Five hundred and sixteen children were treated with 1–5 monthly doses. The median gestational age was 28 weeks, and children born at less than 33 weeks of gestation accounted for 88% of the cohort. The prevalence of BPD was 81%. Ninety children were hospitalized for respiratory illness. In 39 children, hospitalizations were attributed to RSV (7.6% of the total cohort). Among those 39 children, 10 (1.9% of the total cohort) required admission into an intensive care unit, and 4 required mechanical ventilation. No deaths or serious adverse events attributable to RSV infection or Palivizumab treatment were reported.We conclude that the RSV‐related hospitalization rate in this high‐risk cohort was comparable to the rate observed in the subgroup of Palivizumab‐prophylaxed children with BPD in the IMpact‐RSV trial. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2002; 34:181–188. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mechanisms of the growth inhibitory effects of the isoflavonoid biochanin A on LNCaP cells and xenografts*
Authors: Rice Lori , Samedi Von G. , Medrano Theresa A. , Sweeney Carol A. , Baker Henry V. , Stenstrom Anne , Furman Jaime , Shiverick Kathleen T. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDIsoflavones inhibit the growth of some types of tumor cells, including prostate adenocarcinoma. This study used LNCaP cells and xenografts to investigate the mechanisms of the antiproliferative effects of biochanin A, a major isoflavone present in red clover but not soy‐derived products.METHODSLNCaP cells were exposed to varying doses of biochanin A to evaluate viability, DNA synthesis, and DNA fragmentation (TUNEL) analysis. Regulation of gene expression was determined by using Western immunoblotting and cDNA microarrays. Anti‐tumorigenic effects were evaluated by using athymic mice with LNCaP flank tumors.RESULTSBiochanin A induced a dose‐dependent inhibition of proliferation and [3H]thymidine incorporation that correlated with increased DNA fragmentation, indicative of apoptosis. Western blot analyses of cell cycle regulatory proteins revealed that biochanin A significantly decreased expression of cyclin B and p21, whereas flow cytometry showed that cells were accumulating in the G0/G1 phase. cDNA microarray analyses identified 29 down‐regulated genes with six reduced below assay detection limits. Eleven genes were up‐regulated, including 9 that were undetectable in controls. In mice with LNCaP xenografts, biochanin A significantly reduced tumor size and incidence.CONCLUSIONThese results indicate that biochanin A inhibits prostate cancer cell growth through induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Biochanin A‐regulated genes suggest multiple pathways of action. Biochanin A inhibits the incidence and growth of LNCaP xenograft tumors in athymic mice. Prostate 52:201–212, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anti‐tumor effects of toxins targeted to the prostate specific membrane antigen
Authors: Fracasso Giulio , Bellisola Giuseppe , Cingarlini Sara , Castelletti Deborah , Prayer‐Galetti Tommaso , Pagano Francesco , Tridente Giuseppe , Colombatti Marco 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDThere is presently no effective therapy for relapsing, metastatic, androgen‐independent prostate cancer. Immunotherapy with monoclonal antibody–vehicled toxins (Immunotoxins, ITs) may be a promising novel treatment option for the management of prostate cancer in these cases.METHODSThree anti–prostate specific membrane antigen (anti‐PSMA) monoclonals (J591, PEQ226.5, and PM2P079.1) were cross‐linked to ricin A‐chain (RTA; native or recombinant), and their cytotoxic effects were investigated in monolayer and three‐dimensional (3‐D) cell cultures of prostate carcinoma cells (LNCaP).RESULTSThe various Immunotoxins showed effects in the nanomolar range (IC50s of 1.6–99 ng/ml) against PSMA+ cells (IC50 being the concentration inhibiting 50% cell proliferation or protein synthesis). PSMA− cell lines were 62‐ to 277‐fold less sensitive to anti‐PSMA ITs, evidencing an appreciable therapeutic window. Treatment with J591‐smpt‐nRTA (0.35–31.7ng/ml) resulted in complete eradication of 3‐D tumor micromasses or in 1.46‐ to 0.35‐log reduction of target cells number, depending on the dose.CONCLUSIONAnti‐PSMA ITs appear to be promising for use in the eradication of small prostate tumor cell aggregates present in tissues and in the bone marrow. Prostate 53: 9–23, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human prostate carcinoma cells by a recombinant adenovirus expressing p27Kip1
Authors: Katner Adrienne L. , Hoang Quoc Bao Ly , Gootam Praveen , Jaruga Ewa , Ma Quangwei , Gnarra James , Rayford Walter 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDAdp27Kip1, a recombinant adenovirus, was evaluated for expression of p27, a cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor (CDKI) and tumor suppressor protein, in human prostate carcinoma cells. Effects of p27Kip1 on cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed.METHODSWe evaluated the effects of overexpression of p27Kip1 in the human prostate carcinoma cell lines LNCaP, DU‐145, and PC‐3 in vitro and in vivo. Growth curve studies, cell cycle analysis, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated nick end‐labeling (TUNEL), and annexin V–fluorescein isothiocyanate apoptosis analyses were conducted to determine effects of p27Kip1 on cell cycle. CDKI activity assays and Westerns blots were conducted to determine presence/activities of CDKIs.RESULTSAdp27Kip1‐induced protein levels increased in a dose‐dependent manner; p27Kip1 protein was detected within 6 hr of infection with Adp27Kip1 and remained stable for at least 48 hr. The activities of Cdk2, Cdk4, and Cdc2 kinases were inhibited 24 hr after infection with Adp27Kip1. Bromodeoxyuridine incorporation demonstrated a dose‐dependent decrease in S‐phase cells 24 hr postinfection. TUNEL analysis revealed an induction of apoptosis (10 pfu/cell) within 48 hr of infection in all cell lines. Growth curve analyses demonstrated that Adp27Kip1 infection inhibited proliferation of all cell lines tested and decreased cell numbers for Adp27Kip1‐infected LNCaP and PC‐3 cells by 96 hr. Cell cycle analysis of DNA content demonstrated an accumulation of cells in G0/G1‐phase 24–120 hr after Adp27Kip1‐infection. In vivo studies demonstrated a reduction in LNCaP xenograft tumor growth rates in mice injected with Adp27Kip1.CONCLUSIONExogenous p27Kip1 overexpression results in cell cycle regulation in the human prostate carcinoma cell lines tested, representing the first use of this vector on prostate cancer cell lines in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, p27Kip1 expression is associated with an increase in early apoptosis, which represents a recently discovered function for this protein. It also represents the first time this association has been observed in prostate carcinoma cell lines. This study provides support for the further development of Adp27Kip1 as a potential therapeutic vector in the treatment of adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Prostate 53: 77–87, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Signal transduction in the photoactive yellow protein. II. Proton transfer initiates conformational changes
Authors: Groenhof Gerrit , Lensink Marc F. , Berendsen Herman J. C. , Mark Alan E. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractMolecular dynamics simulation techniques, together with semiempirical PM3 calculations, have been used to investigate the effect of photoisomerization of the 4‐hydroxy‐cinnamic acid chromophore on the structural properties of the photoactive yellow protein (PYP) from Ectothiorodospira halophila. In this bacteria, exposure to blue light leads to a negative photoactic response. The calculations suggest that the isomerization does not directly destabilize the protein. However, because of the isomerization, a proton transfer from a glutamic acid residue (Glu46) to the phenolate oxygen atom of the chromophore becomes energetically favorable. The proton transfer initiates conformational changes within the protein, which are in turn believed to lead to signaling. Proteins 2002;48:212–219. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inhibition of trypsin by cowpea thionin: Characterization, molecular modeling, and docking
Authors: Melo Francislete R. , Rigden Daniel J. , Franco Octávio L. , Mello Luciane V. , Ary Maria B. , Grossi de Sá Maria F. , Bloch Carlos 
Published: October 2002

AbstractHigher plants produce several families of proteins with toxic properties, which act as defense compounds against pests and pathogens. The thionin family represents one family and comprises low molecular mass cysteine‐rich proteins, usually basic and distributed in different plant tissues. Here, we report the purification and characterization of a new thionin from cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) with proteinase inhibitory activity. Cowpea thionin inhibits trypsin, but not chymotrypsin, binding with a stoichiometry of 1:1 as shown with the use of mass spectrometry. Previous annotations of thionins as proteinase inhibitors were based on their erroneous identification as homologues of Bowman‐Birk family inhibitors. Molecular modeling experiments were used to propose a mode of docking of cowpea thionin with trypsin. Consideration of the dynamic properties of the cowpea thionin was essential to arrive at a model with favorable interface characteristics comparable with structures of trypsin‐inhibitor complexes determined by X‐ray crystallography. In the final model, Lys11 occupies the S1 specificity pocket of trypsin as part of a canonical style interaction. Proteins 2002;48:311–319. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Variants of 310‐helices in proteins
Authors: Pal Lipika , Basu Gautam , Chakrabarti Pinak 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAn analysis of the shortest 310‐helices, containing three helical residues and two flanking capping residues that participate in two consecutive i + 3 → i hydrogen bonds, shows that not all helices belong to the classic 310‐helix, where the three central residues adopt the right‐handed helical conformation (αR). Three variants identified are: 3‐helix with all residues in the left‐handed helical region (αL), 3‐helix where the first residue is in the extended region followed by two residues in the αL conformation, and its mirror‐image, the 3‐helix. In the context of these helices, as well as the equivalent variants of α‐helices, the length dependence of the handedness of secondary structures in protein structure is discussed. There are considerable differences in the amino acid preferences at different positions in the various types of 310‐helices. Each type of 310‐helix can be thought to be made up of an extension of a particular type of β‐turn (made up of residues i to i + 3) such that the (i + 3)th residue assumes the same conformation as the preceding residue. Distinct residue preferences at i and i + 3 positions seem to decide whether a particular stretch of four residues will be a β‐turn or a 310‐helix in the folded structure. Proteins 2002;48:571–579. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Aromatic side‐chain interactions in proteins. II. Near‐ and far‐sequence Phe‐X pairs
Authors: Thomas Annick , Meurisse Rita , Brasseur Robert 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe have collected all aromatic pairs (3152) involving an N‐phenyl partner in a dataset of 593 proteins of the PDB: 728 of these pairs involve a partner residue less than 6 apart in the sequence. These near‐sequence Phe‐X pairs correspond to specific conformations that stabilize secondary structures, mainly α‐helices when the residues are 1, 3, and 4 apart, and β‐strands when they are 2 apart in the sequence. These conformations are not spatially random and have been examined in detail. The remaining phenylalanine pairs (2424) are between partners more than 5 apart in the sequence. Of these far‐sequence pairs, 34% of occurrences are in sheets. Next in frequencies are pairs that bridge a β‐strand to a helix (24%), followed by pairs that bridge a β‐strand to a random coiled structure (15%). Helix to helix pairs only constitute 12% of these far‐sequence pairs. Analysis of the pairing frequency supports the hypothesis that aromatic interactions are late events of protein folding. Proteins 2002;48:635–644. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Distinguishing foldable proteins from nonfolders: When and how do they differ?
Authors: Sosnick Tobin R. , Berry R. Stephen , Colubri Andrés , Fernández Ariel 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWhen a denatured polypeptide is put into refolding conditions, it undergoes conformational changes on a variety of times scales. We set out here to distinguish the fast events that promote productive folding from other processes that may be generic to any non‐folding polypeptide. We have apply an ab initio folding algorithm to model the folding of various proteins and their compositionally identical, random‐sequence analogues. In the earliest stages, proteins and their scrambled‐sequence counterparts undergo indistinguishable reductions in the extent to which they explore conformation space. For both polypeptides, an early contraction occurs but does not involve the formation of a distinct intermediate. Following this phase, however, the naturally‐occurring sequences are distinguished by an increase in the formation of three‐body correlations wherein a hydrophobic group desolvates and protects an intra‐molecular hydrogen bond. These correlations are manifested in a mild but measurable reduction of the accessible configuration space beyond that of the random‐sequence peptides, and portend the folding to the native structure. Hence, early events reflect a generic response of the denatured ensemble to a change in solvent condition, but the wild‐type sequence develops additional correlations as its structure evolves that can reveal the protein's foldability. Proteins 2002;49:15–23. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Crystal structures of unligated and CN‐ligated Glycera dibranchiata monomer ferric hemoglobin components III and IV
Authors: Park Ha‐Jeung , Yang Cheng , Treff Nathan , Satterlee James D. , Kang ChulHee 
Published: October 2002

AbstractErythrocytes of the marine annelid, Glycera dibranchiata, contain a mixture of monomeric and polymeric hemoglobins. There are three major monomer hemoglobin components, II, III, IV (also called GMH2, 3, and 4), that have been highly purified and well characterized. We have now crystallized GMH3 and GMH4 and determined their structures to 1.4–1.8 Å resolution. The structures were determined for these two monomer hemoglobins in the oxidized (Fe3+, ferric, or met‐) forms in both the unligated and cyanide‐ligated states. This work differs from two published, refined structures of a Glycera dibranchiata monomer hemoglobin, which has a sequence that is substantially different from any bona fide major monomer hemoglobins (GMH2, 3, or 4). The high‐resolution crystal structures (presented here) and the previous NMR structure of CO‐ligated GMH4, provide a basis for interpreting structure/function details of the monomer hemoglobins. These details include: (1) the strong correlation between temperature factor and NMR dynamics for respective protein forms; (2) the unique nature of the HisE7Leu primary sequence substitutions in GMH3 and GMH4 and their impact on cyanide ion binding kinetics; (3) the LeuB10Phe difference between GMH3 and GMH4 and its impact on ligand binding; and (4) elucidation of changes in the structural details of the distal and proximal heme pockets upon cyanide binding. Proteins 2002;49:49–60. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sub‐lethal effects of deltamethrin on walking behaviour and response to host kairomone of the egg parasitoid Trissolcus basalis
Authors: Salerno Gianandrea , Colazza Stefano , Conti Eric 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe lethal doses of the pyrethroid deltamethrin were estimated for the egg parasitoid Trissolcus basalis (Wollaston) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), and the sub‐lethal effects of an LD25 on female walking behaviour were evaluated. Linear speed of treated parasitoids was reduced compared with that of untreated ones for a period of up to 24 h. The sub‐lethal effects of deltamethrin on parasitoid response to patches contaminated by a contact kairomone from its host, Nezara viridula L (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae), was also evaluated. Both treated and untreated parasitoids responded to host‐contaminated patches by increasing residence time and decreasing linear speed. However, treated females showed a significantly lower residence time compared with untreated females. Both treated and untreated females showed a similar decrease over time in the proportion of time spent in the host‐contaminated patch. Hence, we hypothesise that the sub‐lethal effect of deltamethrin on host foraging may decrease T basalis efficacy in controlling N viridula.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Human platelet aggregation inhibitors from thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.)
Authors: Okazaki Kenji , Kawazoe Kazuyoshi , Takaishi Yoshihisa 
Published: October 2002

AbstractTwo antiaggregant compounds, thymol (compound 1) and 3,4,3′,4′‐tetrahydroxy‐5,5′‐diisopropyl‐2,2′‐dimethylbiphenyl (compound 2) were isolated from the leaves of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.). The structures were determined by 1H‐, 13C‐NMR and mass spectra (MS) studies. These compounds inhibited platelet aggregation induced by collagen, ADP, arachidonic acid (AA) and thrombin except that compound 2 did not inhibit platelet aggregation induced by thrombin. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Computer program for calculating the p‐value in testing process capability index Cpmk
Authors: Pearn W. L. , Lin P. C. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractMany process capability indices, including Cp, Cpk, and Cpm, have been proposed to provide numerical measures on the process potential and performance. Combining the advantages of these indices, Pearn et al. (1992) introduced a new capability index called Cpmk, which has been shown to be a useful capability index for processes with two‐sided specification limits. In this paper, we implement the theory of a testing hypothesis using the natural estimator of Cpmk, and provide an efficient Maple computer program to calculate the p‐values. We also provide tables of the critical values for some commonly used capability requirements. Based on the test we develop a simple step‐by‐step procedure for in‐plant applications. The practitioners can use the proposed procedure to determine whether their process meets the preset capability requirement, and make reliable decisions. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transient behavior of time‐between‐failures of complex repairable systems
Authors: Keats J. Bert , Chambal Stephen P. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIt is well known for complex repairable systems (with as few as four components), regardless of the time‐to‐failure (TTF) distribution of each component, that the time‐between‐failures (TBFs) tends toward the exponential. This is a long‐term or ‘steady‐state’ property. Aware of this property, many of those modeling such systems tend to base spares provisioning, maintenance personnel availability and other decisions on an exponential TBFs distribution. Such a policy may suffer serious drawbacks. A non‐homogeneous Poisson process (NHPP) accounts for these intervals for some time prior to ‘steady‐state’. Using computer simulation, the nature of transient TBF behavior is examined. The number of system failures until the exponential TBF assumption is valid is of particular interest. We show, using a number of system configurations and failure and repair distributions, that the transient behavior quickly drives the TBF distribution to the exponential. We feel comfortable with achieving exponential results for the TBF with 30 system failures. This number may be smaller for configurations with more components. However, at this point, we recommend 30 as the systems failure threshold for using the exponential assumption. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.