bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Altered expression of transcripts for α‐tubulin and an unidentified gene in the spinal cord of phenyl saligenin phosphate treated hens (Gallus gallus)
Authors: Fox Jonathan H. , Jortner Bernard S. , Barber David , Ehrich Marion F. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractPhenyl saligenin phosphate (PSP) induces a central‐peripheral distal axonopathy in domestic fowl that develops 7–21 days after a single exposure. Neurotoxic esterase (NTE) is the initial molecular target for this neurotoxicity. PSP has to covalently bind to NTE and chemically “age” for induction of axonopathy. It was hypothesized that exposure to PSP results in early changes in spinal cord gene expression that do not occur with phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, a non‐neuropathic compound that also inhibits NTE, or DMSO controls. Targeted display was used to screen ∼15,000 gel bands. Three candidate genes were identified, but only the transcript designated P1 showed decreased expression following PSP exposure (2 mg/kg i.m.) in subsequent Northern blot and in situ hybridization experiments in samples taken <48 h after exposure. Additional experiments revealed that a ∼2.5 kb α‐tubulin transcript had decreased expression at 12–48 h after PSP exposure, with maximum change at 48 h (33%, p = 0.0479). A ∼4.5 kb α‐tubulin transcript had increased expression at 12 h (38%, p = 0.0125) and decreased expression at 48 h (28%, p = 0.0576). In situ hybridization on spinal cord revealed neuronal expression of P1 and α‐tubulin transcripts. Decreased expression of transcripts for P1 and α‐tubulin was present at 12 and 48 h, respectively. This decrease occurred in all neurons, not just those whose axons degenerate. Results suggest that (1) in PSP‐induced OPIDN (organophosphorus‐induced delayed neurotoxicity) some gene transcript expression changes are associated with initiation of axonopathy, and (2) PSP modulates spinal cord gene expression in neuronal types that do not undergo axonal degeneration. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 17:263–271, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.10088
Effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals on distinct expression patterns of estrogen receptor, cytochrome P450 aromatase and p53 genes in oryzias latipes liver
Authors: Min Jiho , Lee Sung‐Kyu , Gu Man Bock 
Published: October 2003

AbstractExpression pattern analysis of three genes, i.e., the estrogen receptor (ER), cytochrome P450 aromatase (CYP19), and p53 genes, in Japanese Medaka liver was studied in the presence of 17β‐estradiol, nonylphenol, and bisphenol A. Using the distinct expression patterns of these three genes, the different transcriptional mechanisms by endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), and the stability of the transcripts of each gene, were examined. In tests done with both male and female Medaka over 10 days, it was found that each gene had a specific expression pattern. The expression of the ER gene increased rapidly for the first 2 days and then leveled out and maintained a stable expression level, while the CYP19 gene expression showed a fairly consistent increase in the expression levels after exposure. In contrast to both these genes, the p53 gene expression levels reached a maximum value within 2 days and then gradually decreased for the remainder of the experiment. These findings suggest that different expression mechanisms may exist for these genes in Japanese Medaka in response to the presence of EDCs. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 17:272–277, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.10089
Perinatal exposure to low doses of 2,3,7,8‐tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin alters sex‐dependent expression of hepatic CYP2C11
Authors: Ishizuka Mayumi , Yonemoto Junzo , Zaha Hiroko , Tohyama Chiharu , Sone Hideko 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoform CYP2C11 is specifically expressed in the liver of adult male rats, and 5α‐reductase is specifically expressed in the liver of the adult female rats. The sexually dimorphic expressions of these hepatic enzymes are regulated by the sex‐dependent profiles of the circulating growth hormone (GH). However, it is not well known whether hormonal imprinting or activation factors in the neonatal brain influence the sexually dimorphic expression patterns of hepatic enzymes. We therefore examined the effect of perinatal exposure to 2,3,7,8‐tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin (TCDD) on sex‐dependent expressions of hepatic enzymes. Pregnant rats were treated with TCDD at a dose of 0, 200, or 800 ng/kg on gestation day 15, exposing the pups to the chemical. Although the expression of CYP2C11 protein in the livers of male pups on postnatal day (PND) 49 was significantly higher than that of the controls, but the 5α‐reductase activities in the livers of female pups were not altered by exposure to TCDD. Focusing on perinatal periods, testosterone and estrogen levels significantly increased in the brain of male pups on PND 2. The results suggest that the alteration of testosterone and estrogen levels affect hormonal imprinting in the neonatal brain of male pups, and thus induces a change in the level of male‐specific hepatic CYP2C11. We conclude that perinatal exposure to TCDD at low doses may change the sexual differentiation of the neonatal brain in male rats. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 17:278–285, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.10090
Three‐dimensional transvaginal sonography of interstitial pregnancy
Authors: Izquierdo Luis A. , Nicholas M. Catherine 
Published: October 2003

AbstractWe describe the case of a 33‐year‐old pregnant woman, gravida 1 para 0, who was referred to us with a presumptive diagnosis of an interstitial pregnancy. The patient had had amenorrhea for 7 weeks and had previously undergone myomectomy. Two‐dimensional sonographic examination revealed a gestational sac located outside the uterine cavity but could not define its exact anatomic position. Using transvaginal 3‐dimensional sonography, we were able to correctly depict the sac, which was located where the fallopian tube crossed the uterine horn. We performed a cornual resection, during which the diagnosis of interstitial pregnancy was confirmed. The use of 3‐dimensional sonography in this patient's case thus led to appropriate early treatment and avoidance of possible subsequent morbidity. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 31:484–487, 2003
Doppler sonographic characteristics of umbilical and uterine arteries during oral glucose tolerance testing in healthy pregnant women
Authors: Yogev Yariv , Ben‐Haroush Avi , Chen Rony , Hod Moshe , Merril Ziela , Meizner Israel 
Published: October 2003

AbstractPurposeStudies have shown that maternal hyperglycemia may be associated with increased placental resistance to blood flow and possibly adverse perinatal outcomes. The aim of this study was to determine whether Doppler velocimetric dynamics change in the uterine and umbilical arteries in healthy pregnant women (without gestational diabetes) during acute hyperglycemia induced by oral glucose tolerance testing.MethodsFlow in the umbilical and right and left uterine arteries was assessed by spectral Doppler sonographic examination of healthy pregnant women at 24–28 weeks' menstrual age. Four Doppler studies were conducted for each woman: 1 before oral administration of 100 g of glucose and 3 more at 1, 2, and 3 hours after glucose administration. The systolic‐to‐diastolic ratio was calculated for the umbilical artery, and the resistance index was calculated separately for the left and right uterine arteries.ResultsAll results of oral glucose tolerance testing were normal, and Doppler signals were obtained in all 30 patients enrolled. No abnormal systolic‐to‐diastolic ratios or resistance indices were detected in any of the examinations. No significant differences in waveforms or resistance indices between the right and left uterine arteries were found during the various testing intervals.ConclusionsAcute hyperglycemia induced in healthy pregnant women does not affect blood flow velocimetric characteristics in the umbilical or uterine arteries at any stage of oral glucose tolerance testing. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 31:461–464, 2003
Sonographic appearance of a congenital parotid gland hemangiolymphangioma simulating malignancy in an infant
Authors: Zacharia T. Thomas , Ittoop Asha , Perumpillichira James Joseph , Chavhan Govind 
Published: October 2003

AbstractCongenital hemangiolymphangioma, also called mixed angioma, is a benign tumor that very rarely occurs in the parotid gland. We present a rare case of hemangiolymphangioma of the parotid gland in a 4‐month‐old boy whose clinical and radiologic presentation simulated malignancy. Gray‐scale and color Doppler sonography revealed an enlarged left parotid gland and inhomogeneous hypoechoic and hyperechoic areas scattered throughout the gland. Mild internal vascularity was noted on color Doppler sonographic examination. CT revealed a predominantly fatty mass involving the superficial lobe of the parotid gland. The results of fine‐needle aspiration cytology were inconclusive, and total parotidectomy was performed. Histopathologic examination of surgical specimens confirmed a diagnosis of hemangio lymphangioma. The patient recovered well and was free of recurrence at the 6‐month follow‐up visit. To our knowledge, this case report is the first to describe the findings of congenital hemangiolymphangioma of the parotid gland on sonography and CT. This rare diagnosis should be considered in neonates and infants presenting with a rapidly growing parotid gland tumor suggesting malignancy. Histopathologic examination is necessary to confirm the diagnosis. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 31:493–496, 2003
Normal growth and development of fetal external genitalia demonstrated by sonography
Authors: Pinette Michael G. , Wax Joseph R. , Blackstone Jacquelyn , Cartin Angelina 
Published: October 2003

AbstractPurposeOur aim in this retrospective sonographic study was to describe the normal growth and development of fetal external genitalia.MethodsWe reviewed the sonograms of anatomically normally fetuses, obtained over a 5‐year period, and measured transverse scrotal diameter or penile length in male fetuses and bilabial diameter in female fetuses. Transverse scrotal diameter was measured from the midpoint of the lateral scrotal wall to the midpoint of the opposite lateral wall; penile length, from the base of the shaft to the tip; and bilabial diameter, from the midpoint of the lateral labial margin to the midpoint of the opposite lateral labial margin.ResultsWe examined sonograms from 1,182 fetuses and measured transverse scrotal diameter in 304 and penile length in 494 male fetuses and bilabial diameter in 384 female fetuses. The fetuses ranged from 14 to 41 weeks' menstrual age. Transverse scrotal diameter, penile length, and bilabial measurements were highly correlated with menstrual age (r = 0.941, r = 0.860, and r = 0.898, respectively). We found that growth of fetal external genitalia is similar to that for other parameters of fetal growth, such as biparietal diameter and femur length.ConclusionsThe results of this study may be helpful in understanding the natural course of the growth and development of fetal external genitalia. In addition, the data we gathered may be useful in combination with other biometric data for estimating fetal age and may help in detecting abnormalities in the fetal external genitalia. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 31:465–472, 2003
Idiopathic infantile arterial calcification: Sonographic findings
Authors: Whitehall John , Smith Mark , Altamirano Louis 
Published: October 2003

AbstractIdiopathic infantile arterial calcification (IIAC) is a rare disease that is characterized by calcification in the media and fibroproliferative changes in the intima of larger arteries, sometimes resulting in reduced vascular elasticity and blood flow. Although the molecular‐genetic basis of the disease is unknown, IIAC is presumed to be acquired by an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance and is associated with a reduction in the levels of enzymes responsible for inorganic phosphate balance, resulting in abnormal deposition of calcium into the vessels. We report the case of a female neonate in whom widespread IIAC was initially diagnosed on postnatal sonographic examination. At birth, the infant experienced cardiac failure and hypertension, and arterial pulsation was absent. Routine prenatal sonographic examinations had not revealed any abnormalities, but postnatal gray‐scale and color Doppler echocardiographic and sonographic examinations revealed findings consistent with severe IIAC. The cardiac function improved with treatment, but the neonate died of progressive hepatic failure due to reduced flow in calcified and narrowed hepatic arteries. The common carotid arteries were also grossly affected, resulting in cerebral atrophy at the time of birth. Postnatal gray‐scale and color Doppler echocardiographic and sonographic examinations allowed noninvasive diagnosis, assessment of severity, and monitoring of progression. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 31:497–501, 2003
Testicular hamartomas in Cowden disease
Authors: Lindsay Christopher , Boardman Lisa , Farrell Michael 
Published: October 2003

AbstractWe report a case of testicular hamartomas in association with Cowden disease. Clinical examination of the patient, a 39‐year‐old man, revealed a palpable mass in the right side of the scrotum. Sonographic examination showed that the mass was either a spermatocele or an epididymal cyst and that multiple hyperechoic lesions were present in both testes. On subsequent MRI, the appearance of these lesions was consistent with that of fat‐containing hamartomas. Testicular biopsy was not performed, but follow‐up serial sonographic examination was recommended. To our knowledge, this report is the first to describe testicular hamartomas as a probable manifestation of Cowden disease. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 31:481–483, 2003
Prenatal color Doppler sonographic evaluation of nuchal encirclement by the umbilical cord
Authors: Aksoy Umit 
Published: October 2003

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to assess whether Doppler flow velocimetry of the fetal middle cerebral and umbilical arteries is affected by nuchal encirclement by the umbilical cord (nuchal cord) in the prenatal period.Patients and MethodsThe position of the fetal umbilical cord was assessed on color Doppler sonography in pregnant women who were referred to our radiology department between September 14, 1998, and January 14, 2000. Pulsatility and resistance indices and the ratio of peak systolic blood flow velocity to diastolic velocity of the umbilical arteries and middle cerebral arteries of all fetuses were prospectively obtained with Doppler flow velocimetry. The fetuses were categorized into 2 groups: group 1 consisted of fetuses without sonographic evidence of nuchal cord and group 2 of fetuses with sonographic evidence of nuchal cord. The results were statistically analyzed with independent‐groups t test. A p value of less than 0.05 was considered significant.ResultsDuring the study period, 230 pregnant women underwent sonographic examination of the fetus, and 68 fetuses were delivered. The sonographic examinations were performed at 24–41 weeks' menstrual age. Of the 46 fetuses in group 1, 1 fetus had nuchal cord at delivery; of the 22 fetuses in group 2, 4 did not have nuchal cord at delivery. The sensitivity of color Doppler sonography in detecting nuchal cord was 95% (18 of 19 fetuses), the specificity was 92% (45 of 49), the negative predictive value was 98% (45 of 46), and the positive predictive value was 82% (18 of 22). No statistically significant differences in middle cerebral artery or umbilical artery Doppler flow velocimetry values were detected between the 2 groups.ConclusionsColor Doppler sonography is a sensitive and specific method of diagnosing nuchal cord, but fetal middle cerebral artery and umbilical artery Doppler flow velocimetry values are not affected by the presence of nuchal cord in the prenatal period. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 31:473–477, 2003
Flash‐echo gray‐scale imaging in the subtraction mode for assessing perfusion of small hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Wang Jing‐Houng , Lu Sheng‐Nan , Changchien Chi‐Sin , Huang Wu‐Shiung , Hung Chao‐Hung , Tung Hung‐Da , Chen Tsung‐Ming , Lee Chuan‐Mo 
Published: October 2003

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of using flash‐echo imaging (FEI) in the subtraction mode to assess the vascularity of small hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) that had been unsatisfactorily assessed with power Doppler sonography.MethodsBetween May 2000 and April 2001, we prospectively assessed nodular small HCCs using FEI in the subtraction mode after power Doppler sonography resulted in unsatisfactory images. After microbubble contrast was injected, we used the FEI technique to assess tumor perfusion in the arterial, portal, and delayed phases.ResultsOur study population comprised 14 patients (10 men and 4 women) whose ages ranged from 31 to 79 years (mean, 61 ± 13.7 years) and whose tumors ranged in size from 0.8 to 3 cm (mean, 1.8 ± 0.5 cm). Power Doppler sonography was unable to assess tumor vascularity in 6 cases because of interference by heart pulsation, and it failed to detect a color signal in the other 8 cases. All tumors were enhanced with FEI. In the arterial phase, 7 of the 14 tumors (50%) showed hyperperfusion relative to liver parenchyma enhancement, 5 of 14 (36%) showed isoperfusion, and 2 of 14 (14%) showed hypoperfusion. In the portal phase, 3 of the 14 tumors (21%) showed isoperfusion, and the other 11 (79%) showed hypoperfusion. In the delayed phase, all 14 tumors showed hypoperfusion.ConclusionsDespite heart pulsation and slow vascular flow, FEI in the subtraction mode was sensitive and effective in assessing the perfusion of small HCCs. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 31:451–456, 2003
Sonographic measurement of calcaneal volume for determination of skeletal age in children
Authors: Sherif Hanan , Noureldin Mona , Bakr Ahmed F. , Mahfouz Ahmed‐Emad 
Published: October 2003

AbstractPurposeThe purposes of this study were first to prospectively evaluate the feasibility of using sonographic measurements of volume of the ossified part of the calcaneus to determine skeletal age in healthy children and second, to provide normal ranges of this volume by sex and age up to 6 years.MethodsFour hundred normal girls and boys ranging in age from 1 day to 6 years were examined sonographically to determine the volume of the calcaneal ossification center. The children were randomly divided into 2 groups. The first group (300 children) was used to determine normal values for the mean calcaneal volume by age and sex. The second group (100 children) was used to validate those normal values.ResultsThe sonographically determined volume of the calcaneal ossification center correlated well with the chronologic age of the children. The calcaneal ossification centers of boys were larger than those of girls within the same age groups from ages 2 to 10 months, but from 11 months to 6 years old, they were larger in the girls. The differences, however, were not statistically significant. The volume of the calcaneal ossification center increased the most between the first and second years of life, reaching 183% and 140% in girls and boys, respectively. Using the normal values obtained from the first group, we correctly predicted the chronologic age in 91% of children in the validation group. Among the remaining 9%, the error in prediction of chronologic age never exceeded 1 age interval.ConclusionsThe use of sonography provides a quantitative means of measuring calcaneal volume, and its use is feasible for determining skeletal age in children. The normal values we obtained may be used as a baseline for sonographic assessment of skeletal maturation and diagnosis of growth retardation. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 31:457–460, 2003
Regulation of Na,K‐ATPase Function in the Lens
Authors: Delamere Nicholas A. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe two cell types in the lens, epithelium and fiber, have a very different specific activity of Na,K‐ATPase; activity is much higher in the epithelium. However, judged by Western blot, fibers and epithelium express a similar amount of both Na,K‐ATPase α and β subunit proteins. Na,K‐ATPase protein abundance does not tally with Na,K‐ATPase activity. Studies were conducted to examine whether protein synthesis plays a role in maintenance of the high Na,K‐ATPase activity in lens epithelium. An increase of cytoplasmic sodium was found to increase Na,K‐ATPase protein expression in the epithelium, but not in the fibers. The findings illustrate the ability of lens epithelium to synthesize new Na,K‐ATPase protein as a way to boost Na,K‐ATPase in response to cell damage or pathological events. Methionine incorporation studies suggested Na,K‐ATPase synthesis may also play a role in day to day preservation of high Na,K‐ATPase activity. Na,K‐ATPase protein in lens epithelial cells appeared to be continually synthesized and degraded. Experiments with cycloheximide suggest that specific activity of Na,K‐ATPase in the lens epithelium may depend on the ability of the cells to continuously synthesize fresh Na,K‐ATPase proteins. However, other factors such as phosphorylation of Na,K‐ATPase α subunit may also influence Na,K‐ATPase activity. When intact lenses were exposed to the agonist thrombin, Na,K‐ATPase activity was diminished, but the response was suppressed by inhibitors of the Src family of non‐receptor tyrosine kinases. Thrombin elicited tyrosine phosphorylation of lens epithelium membrane proteins, including a 100 kDa protein band thought to be the Na,K‐ATPase α 1 subunit. It remains to be determined whether a tyrosine phosphorylation mechanism contributes to the low activity of Na,K‐ATPase in lens fibers. J. Exp. Zool. 300A:25–29, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
On the mechanism of fluid transport across corneal endothelium and epithelia in general
Authors: Fischbarg Jorge 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe mechanism by which fluid is transported across epithelial layers is still unclear. The prevalent idea is that fluid traverses these layers transcellularly, driven by local osmotic gradients secondary to electrolyte transport and utilizing the high osmotic permeability of aquaporins. However, recent findings that some aquaporin knockout mice epithelia transport fluid sow doubts on local osmosis. This review discusses recent evidence in corneal endothelium that points instead to electro‐osmosis as the mechanism underlying fluid transport. In this concept, a local recirculating electrical current would result in electro‐osmotic coupling at the level of the intercellular junctions, dragging fluid via the paracellular route. The text also mentions possible mechanisms for apical bicarbonate exit from endothelial cells, and discusses whether electro‐osmosis could be a general mechanism. J. Exp Zool. 300A:30–40, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.