bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
US Atlantic coast striped bass: issues with a recovered population
Authors: Hartman K. J. , Margraf F. J. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractStriped bass, Morone saxatilis (Walbaum), is an anadromous species naturally occurring along the US Atlantic coast, which historically supported valuable commercial and recreational fisheries. In response to a near order‐of‐magnitude decline in landings, the Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission enacted a management plan in 1981 protecting fish until they could spawn at least once. By 1989, recruitment increased in natal rivers and regulations were relaxed, permitting limited fisheries by 1990. By 1995, the stock was declared fully recovered. Since the recovery, concern has increased over the health of the stocks. In the 1990s, fish in poor physical condition with dermal lesions became common in Chesapeake Bay. Pathogens of most concern in cultures from fish include the genus Mycobacterium. Coincident with declines in fish health were changes in diets, declines of preferred prey, and reduced growth and condition. Theories were suggested linking declines in condition to reductions in forage base or pathogens. Diets have changed since the 1950s and while many Chesapeake fish are infected with mycobacteria, it is still not known how or if these factors are linked. The highest priorities for research were considered to be: linking numerous local and regional studies to provide a coast‐wide perspective; continuation of investigations linking population health to the prey‐base; determination of the cause‐effect of mycobacteria infections; and formulation of management options.
Use of tag data to compare growth rates of Atlantic coast striped bass stocks
Authors: Welsh S. A. , Kahnle A. W. , Versak B. A. , Latour R. J. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractMigratory stocks of Atlantic coast striped bass, Morone saxatilis (Walbaum), range primarily from North Carolina (NC) northward to Canadian waters. Between 1986 and 2000, 267 045 wild striped bass were tagged and released from NC to Massachusetts as part of the Cooperative Striped Bass Tagging Program. Direct measurements of growth of individual fish can be obtained from tag data and are useful for understanding the dynamics of fish populations. Growth rates from regressions of length‐increment vs. time‐at‐liberty were estimated for striped bass tagged and released in three southern states [NC, Virginia (VA) and Maryland (MD)] and three northern states (New Jersey, New York and Rhode Island). Striped bass tagged in waters of northern states grew faster (significantly steeper regression slopes) than those tagged in southern areas. Migratory patterns, stock mixing, and unmeasured biotic and abiotic influences on growth precluded conclusions that observed growth patterns are stock‐specific. These results, however, indicate latitudinal differences in growth rates, and should be considered in future research and management of Atlantic coast striped bass.
Mortality associated with catch and release of striped bass in the Hudson River
Authors: Millard M. J. , Welsh S. A. , Fletcher J. W. , Mohler J. , Kahnle A. , Hattala K. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractCatch‐and‐release fishing has increased in many fisheries, but its contribution to fishing mortality is rarely estimated. This study estimated catch and release mortality rates of striped bass, Morone saxatilis (Walbaum), for the spring recreational fishery in the Hudson River. Treatment fish (caught with live bait on spinning gear) and control fish (captured by electric fishing) were placed in in situ holding pens for 5 days. Mortality rates were estimated using conditional instantaneous mortality rates and additive finite mortality rates. Influences of variables (playing and handling time, hook location, degree of bleeding and fish length) on hooking mortality rates were examined by logistic regression. Conditional instantaneous mortality rates and additive finite mortality rates were 31 and 28%, respectively. Hook location significantly affected the survival of striped bass. Angling catch, effort, and release rates must be integrated with associated hooking mortality rates before this component of overall population mortality can be incorporated into management decisions.
The prevalence of mycobacterial infections in striped bass in Chesapeake Bay
Authors: Overton A. S. , Margraf F. J. , Weedon C. A. , Pieper L. H. , May E. B. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractSeveral species of bacteria have been isolated from diseased striped bass, Morone saxatilis (Walbaum), in Chesapeake Bay. Mycobacteria species are of particular interest because of their association with chronic lesions in both fish and humans. The resulting disease in fish may be characterised by emaciation, inflammation of the skin, exophthalmia (pop‐eye), ascites (dropsy), open lesions, and ulceration. The prevalence of mycobacterial infection in 217 striped bass in the Maryland portion of Chesapeake Bay was determined to provide evidence of decreased overall condition of fish affected by these bacteria. The density of the granulomas was higher in the spleen and head kidney than either the heart or liver, and appeared to be most closely associated with the presence of an external lesion. Thirty‐eight per cent of the fish showed some sign of an external lesion. Granulomas appeared in at least one organ in 53% of the fish sampled regardless of the presence or absence of an external skin lesion. Condition factor was significantly higher for striped bass without external lesions (0.96) than those with lesions (0.82). Striped bass with no internal granulomas and no external lesion had the highest condition factor (0.99) and fish with granulomas and external lesions the lowest (0.81). Slopes of the regression loge weight (g) and loge length (mm) for striped bass with external lesions was significantly higher than those fish without external lesions and had a lower r2. The results suggest that striped bass that are infected with mycobacteria have decreased overall health.
Population‐level consumption by Atlantic coastal striped bass and the influence of population recovery upon prey communities
Authors: Hartman K.J. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe potential impact of increasing striped bass, Morone saxatilis (Walbaum), populations on prey biomass under two different spatial scales: a broad perspective involving Atlantic coast‐wide populations and a finer‐scale analysis within the Hudson River, was modelled. Coast‐wide striped bass consumption ranged from 17 900 t (1982) to 147 900 t (1995). This level of consumption is equivalent of up to 57% of US menhaden landings over this period. Assuming 10% of diets comprise alosids, Hudson River striped bass ate 26.4–140.7 t of alosids annually from 1985 to 1994 – exceeding the estimated age‐0 alosid biomass in the river in 1990 (15.3 t). Analysis of possible management actions to reduce predatory demand was conducted. However, to achieve a 30% reduction in predatory demand would require movement towards historical overfishing conditions. Thus, it may not be possible to manage for high striped bass population levels and high levels of other species upon which they feed due to the competing demands for those species as prey and commercial or recreational resources.
Predator–prey analysis of striped bass and Atlantic menhaden in upper Chesapeake Bay
Authors: Uphoff J. H. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractBetween 1997 and 2000, an outbreak of skin lesions and observations of emaciated striped bass, Morone saxatilis (Walbaum), in upper Chesapeake Bay were attributed to a perceived shortage of its main prey, Atlantic menhaden, Brevoortia tyrannus Latrobe. Abundance estimates, Atlantic menhaden consumption per recruit analysis (modified yield‐per‐recruit), bioenergetics analysis and predator–prey theory were combined to explore whether an imbalance between striped bass and Atlantic menhaden in upper Chesapeake Bay was plausible. Reduced fishing mortality and higher size limits that underpinned the effort to restore striped bass during the 1980s and 1990s lead to more abundant and larger striped bass in upper Chesapeake Bay, increasing predatory demand for forage‐sized Atlantic menhaden, the abundance of which declined to a historic low. Nominal losses of age 0–2 Atlantic menhaden to harvest and potential striped bass predation exceeded supply after 1998. The outbreak of lesions in upper Chesapeake Bay striped bass coincided with increased variation in weight‐at‐length, decreased length‐at‐age, and decreased presence of Atlantic menhaden in diets. Decreased attack success, inferred from a 97% decline in ratios of forage‐sized Atlantic menhaden to striped bass between 1983 and 1998, would have expected to have been followed by a deterioration of striped bass nutritional state. Transmission of disease would have been aided by high density of striped bass in poor nutritional condition residing in degraded habitat (Chesapeake Bay was the most hypoxic estuary in the mid‐Atlantic region in the late 1990s). These problems suggest that striped bass exceeded their carrying capacity in Chesapeake Bay during the late 1990s.
Stable isotope ratios in archived striped bass scales suggest changes in trophic structure
Authors: Pruell R. J. , Taplin B. K. , Cicchelli K. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractStable carbon isotope ratios were measured in archived striped bass, Morone saxatilis (Walbaum), scales to identify changes in the feeding behaviour of this species over time. Striped bass tissue and scale samples were collected from Rhode Island coastal waters during 1996 and archived scale samples (1982–1997) were obtained from Chesapeake Bay. Known striped bass prey items were also collected from Chesapeake Bay and analysed for δ13C. A significant correlation was observed between carbon isotope ratios in striped bass scales and muscle tissue (r2 = 0.52; P < 0.05). Carbon isotope ratios were enriched (less negative) in scales relative to muscle tissue by about 3‰. Carbon isotope ratios in archived striped bass scales from Chesapeake Bay increased significantly from −16.7 ± 0.2‰ in 1982 to −15.1 ± 0.3‰ in 1997. Benthic species, especially invertebrates, were isotopically enriched relative to pelagic fish species collected from the main‐stem of Chesapeake Bay. Prey samples collected from riverine locations within Chesapeake Bay were isotopically depleted relative to those collected in the open portion of the Bay. The changes in the carbon isotope ratios of the striped bass scales could be related to changes in the relative proportions of pelagic and benthic food items in the diet of striped bass or to changes in the feeding locations of this species. In either case, there have been changes in the feeding behaviour and/or relationships of the striped bass between 1982 and 1997. Such changes may be related to changing ecological conditions within the estuary, which could influence the health of Chesapeake Bay striped bass.
Atlantic coast feeding habits of striped bass: a synthesis supporting a coast‐wide understanding of trophic biology
Authors: Walter J. F. , Overton A. S. , Ferry K. H. , Mather M. E. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe recent increase in the Atlantic coast population of striped bass, Morone saxatilis (Walbaum), prompted managers to re‐evaluate their predatory impact. Published and unpublished diet data for striped bass on the Atlantic Coast of North America were examined for geographical, ontogenetic and seasonal patterns in the diet and to assess diet for this species. Diets of young‐of‐the‐year (YOY) striped bass were similar across the Upper Atlantic (UPATL), Chesapeake and Delaware Bays (CBDEL) and North Carolina (NCARO) areas of the Atlantic coast where either fish or mysid shrimp dominate the diet. For age one and older striped bass, cluster analysis partitioned diets based on predominance of either Atlantic menhaden, Brevoortia tyrannus (Latrobe), characteristic of striped bass from the CBDEL and NCARO regions, or non‐menhaden fishes or invertebrates, characteristic of fish from the UPATL, in the diet. The predominance of invertebrates in the diets of striped bass in the UPATL region can be attributed to the absence of several important species groups in Northern waters, particularly sciaenid fishes, and to the sporadic occurrences of Atlantic menhaden to UPATL waters. In all regions, across most seasons and in most size classes of striped bass, the clupeiod fishes; menhaden, anchovies (Anchoa spp.) and river herrings (Alosa spp,) and Atlantic herring, Clupea harengus L., dominated the diets of striped bass above the first year of life.
DARTS 2000 online diabetes management system: formative evaluation in clinical practice
Authors: Pagliari Claudia , Clark Deborah , Hunter Karen , Boyle Douglas , Cunningham Scott , Morris Andrew , Sullivan Frank 
Published: November 2003

AbstractRationale, aims and objectives  Failure to engage in user‐informed evaluation of emergent health informatics tools can have negative consequences for future implementation, related both to poor usability or clinical utility and to suboptimal stakeholder buy‐in. This paper describes a formative evaluation in primary care of a multifaceted, web‐based resource for diabetes management. The primary aims were to assess the usability and utility of the prototype in order to inform system refinements prior to implementation, and  to  investigate  barriers  and facilitators to system use so as to aid the development of a tailored implementation plan.Methods  A mixed‐method approach involving survey, remote observation, semi‐structured interviews and electronic feedback.Context  One Scottish local health care cooperative comprising five general practice surgeries and their staff.Results  A survey following temporary exposure to a dummy site revealed high levels of computer familiarity, welcoming attitudes and positive ratings of usability, format and utility. Comments mainly addressed content accuracy, feature suggestions and usability issues. Key barriers and facilitators to use included time and training. Remote observation following access to live clinical data enabled profiling of usage by individual and professional group. In the 3 month observation period administrators were the most frequent users, followed by GPs and nurses, with clinical and data entry screens accessed most often. Semi‐structured interviews with key respondents sampled by professional group and usage frequency provided richer qualitative information on barriers and facilitators to use, patterns of system integration into work routines and system usability, content and utility. Content analysis of electronic feedback revealed mainly technical queries and general expressions of satisfaction.Conclusions  Evaluation informed a number of important and unforeseen improvements to the prototype and helped refine the implementation plan. Engagement in the process of evaluation has led to high levels of stakeholder ownership and widespread implementation.
Physician gender and antihypertensive prescription pattern in primary care
Authors: Sequeira Reginald P. , Al Khaja Khalid A. Jassim , Damanhori Awatif H. H. , Mathur Vijay S. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractObjectives  To determine: (i) the gender‐based differences of physicians in prescribing antihypertensive drugs in the management of hypertension; (ii) the influence of patient comorbidity such as diabetes mellitus on the gender‐based pattern of antihypertensive prescription, and (iii) gender‐based prescription patterns among family physicians (FPs) and general practitioners (GPs).Methods  A survey study was carried out at 15 out of 20 health centres in Bahrain during May and June 2000. A total of 3971 prescriptions, issued to 2705 patients with uncomplicated hypertension and 1266 patients with diabetic hypertension by 77 FPs (female = 54, male = 23) and 41 GPs (female = 11, male = 30), were analysed.Results  As monotherapy, female physicians preferred ACE inhibitors (OR: 0.82, CI: 0.68–0.98, P = 0.033). In terms of overall drug utilization (monotherapy + combination therapy): (i) male physicians preferred beta blockers (OR: 1.17, CI: 1.03–1.31, P = 0.014) and diuretics (OR: 1.15, CI: 1.00–1.32, P = 0.047), while female physicians preferred methyldopa (OR: 0.73, CI: 0.56–0.94, P = 0.019); (ii) in uncomplicated hypertension, female physicians preferred calcium channel blockers (OR: 0.83, CI: 0.69–0.99, P = 0.038) and methyldopa (OR: 0.69, CI: 0.49–0.98, P = 0.042), and (iii) in diabetic hypertension, male physicians preferred beta blockers (OR: 1.26, CI: 1.00–1.57, P = 0.047). While female FPs prescribed methyldopa more extensively (OR: 0.66, CI: 0.47–0.92, P = 0.018), male GPs prescribed beta blockers (OR: 1.28, CI: 1.00–1.62, P = 0.046).Conclusions  Within the same practice setting, gender‐based differences in the prescription of antihypertensive drugs were seen. Such preference for a particular class of antihypertensives was also influenced by the presence of comorbidity in patients and, to a limited extent, by the training level of primary care physicians.
Methodology for evaluating physician order entry (POE) implementations
Authors: Geiger Glen , Derman Yaron D. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe body of physician order entry (POE) implementations literature uses statistical evaluation methods to demonstrate changes in specified variables after POE implementation. To understand and manage the holistic impact of POE on the health care institution, a methodology that utilizes feedback to guide the POE implementation towards the satisfaction of stakeholder objectives is presented. Stakeholders jointly define quantitative and qualitative metrics for their objectives, establish target value vectors for the metrics that represent acceptable implementation outcomes and specify evaluation milestones. These are used to compare pre‐ and post‐POE implementation clinical performance, enabling a socio‐technical feedback–improvement cycle. A case study is provided to illustrate how the methodology is being used at Sunnybrook and Women's College Health Science Centre in Toronto, Canada.
Flavobacterium psychrophilum infections in salmonid fish
Authors: Nematollahi A , Decostere A , Pasmans F , Haesebrouck F 
Published: November 2003

Abstract Flavobacterium psychrophilum is the causative agent of bacterial cold water disease and rainbow trout fry syndrome, disease entities responsible for substantial economic losses in salmonid aquaculture. Problems associated with epizootics include high mortality rate, increased susceptibility to other diseases, high labour costs of treatment and the enormous expenditure on chemotherapy. Despite the increasing significance of the disease, the pathogenesis of F. psychrophilum infections has only been partially elucidated, hampering the development of preventive measures to efficiently combat this disease condition. This literature review discusses the agent and the disease it causes, with emphasis on the bacterium–host interactions.
Global analysis of small RNA and mRNA targets of Hfq
Authors: Zhang Aixia , Wassarman Karen M. , Rosenow Carsten , Tjaden Brian C. , Storz Gisela , Gottesman Susan 
Published: November 2003

SummaryHfq, a bacterial member of the Sm family of RNA‐binding proteins, is required for the action of many small regulatory RNAs that act by basepairing with target mRNAs. Hfq binds this family of small RNAs efficiently. We have used co‐immunoprecipitation with Hfq and direct detection of the bound RNAs on genomic microarrays to identify members of this small RNA family. This approach was extremely sensitive; even Hfq‐binding small RNAs expressed at low levels were readily detected. At least 15 of 46 known small RNAs in E. coli interact with Hfq. In addition, high signals in other intergenic regions suggested up to 20 previously unidentified small RNAs bind Hfq; five were confirmed by Northern analysis. Strong signals within genes and operons also were detected, some of which correspond to known Hfq targets. Within the argX‐hisR‐leuT‐proM operon, Hfq appears to compete with RNase E and modulate RNA processing and degradation. Thus Hfq immunoprecipitation followed by microarray analysis is a highly effective method for detecting a major class of small RNAs as well as identifying new Hfq functions.
Identification and metabolic role of the mitochondrial aspartate‐glutamate transporter in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Cavero S. , Vozza A. , Del Arco A. , Palmieri L. , Villa A. , Blanco E. , Runswick M. J. , Walker J. E. , Cerdán S. , Palmieri F. , Satrústegui J. 
Published: November 2003

SummaryThe malate‐aspartate NADH shuttle in mammalian cells requires the activity of the mitochondrial aspartate‐glutamate carrier (AGC). Recently, we identified in man two AGC isoforms, aralar1 and citrin, which are regulated by calcium on the external face of the inner mitochondrial membrane. We have now identified Agc1p as the yeast counterpart of the human AGC. The corresponding gene was overexpressed in bacteria and yeast mitochondria, and the protein was reconstituted in liposomes where it was identified as an aspartate‐glutamate transporter from its transport properties. Furthermore, yeast cells lacking Agc1p were unable to grow on acetate and oleic acid, and had reduced levels of valine, ornithine and citrulline; in contrast they grew on ethanol. Expression of the human AGC isoforms can replace the function of Agc1p. However, unlike its human orthologues, yeast Agc1p catalyses both aspartate‐glutamate exchange and substrate uniport activities. We conclude that Agc1p performs two metabolic roles in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. On the one hand, it functions as a uniporter to supply the mitochondria with glutamate for nitrogen metabolism and ornithine synthesis. On the other, the Agc1p, as an aspartate‐glutamate exchanger, plays a role within the malate‐aspartate NADH shuttle which is critical for the growth of yeast on acetate and fatty acids as carbon sources. These results provide strong evidence of the existence of a malate‐aspartate NADH shuttle in yeast.
ParG, a protein required for active partition of bacterial plasmids, has a dimeric ribbon–helix–helix structure
Authors: Golovanov Alexander P. , Barillà Daniela , Golovanova Marina , Hayes Finbarr , Lian Lu‐Yun 
Published: November 2003

SummaryThe ParG protein (8.6 kDa) is an essential component of the DNA partition complex of multidrug resistance plasmid TP228. ParG is a dimer in solution, interacts with DNA sequences upstream of the parFG genes and also with the ParF partition protein both in the absence and presence of target DNA. Here, the solution nuclear magnetic resonance structure of ParG is reported. The ParG dimer is composed of a folded domain formed by two closely intertwined C‐terminal parts (residues 33–76), and two highly mobile tails consisting of N‐terminal regions (residues 1–32). The folded part of ParG has the ribbon–helix–helix (RHH) architecture similar to that of the Arc/MetJ superfamily of DNA‐binding transcriptional repressors, although the primary sequence similarity is very low. ParG interacts with DNA predominantly via its folded domain; this interaction is coupled with ParG oligomerization. The dimeric RHH structure of ParG suggests that it binds to DNA by inserting the double‐stranded β‐sheet into the major groove of DNA, in a manner similar to transcriptional repressors from the Arc/MetJ superfamily, and that ParG can function as a transcriptional repressor itself. A new classification of proteins belonging to the Arc/MetJ superfamily and ParG homologues is proposed, based on the location of a conserved positively charged residue at either the beginning or at the end of the β‐strand which forms part of the DNA recognition motif.