bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Unusual 1,4‐Chelation‐Controlled Nucleophilic Addition to Aldehydes with High Stereoselectivity. A Systematic Study of Stereoselectivity in the Addition Reaction of Carbon Nucleophiles to cis‐Substituted Cyclopropanecarbaldehydes.
Authors: Kazuta Yuji , Abe Hiroshi , Yamamoto Tamotsu , Matsuda Akira , Shuto Satoshi 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Reactions of Complex Ligands. Part 98. Efficient and Regioselective Chromium(0)‐Catalyzed Reaction of 2‐Substituted Furans with Diazo Compounds: Stereoselective Synthesis of (2E,4Z)‐2‐Aryl‐hexadienedioic Acid Diesters.
Authors: Hahn Norbert D. , Nieger Martin , Doetz Karl Heinz 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Highly Diastereoselective Reductive Coupling of 2‐Bromo‐2,3,3,3‐tetrafluoropropanamide with Aldehydes Promoted by Triphenylphosphine—Titanium(IV) Isopropoxide. An Efficient Route to the Synthesis of erythro‐α‐Fluoro‐α‐(trifluoromethyl)‐β‐hydroxy Amides.
Authors: Sato Kei , Sekiguchi Takashi , Ishihara Takashi , Konno Tsutomu , Yamanaka Hiroki 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Diaryl‐Substituted Salicyl‐ and Anthranyl‐ketoximes as Potential Estrogen Receptor Ligands.
Authors: Minutolo Filippo , Antonello Michela , Bertini Simone , Placanica Giorgio , Rapposelli Simona , Carlson Kathryn E. , Katzenellenbogen John A. , Macchia Marco 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
An Efficient Method for the Synthesis of 1‐Chlorophenazines Based on the Selective Cathodic Reduction of 3,3,6,6‐Tetrachloro‐1,2‐cyclohexanedione.
Authors: Guirado Antonio , Cerezo Alfredo , Andreu Raquel , Lopez Sanchez Jose I. , Bautista Delia 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Reactions of β‐Oxo‐α,β‐bis(alkoxycarbonyl)phosphonium Ylides Based on P‐Heterocycles.
Authors: Keglevich Gyoergy , Forintos Henrietta , Ujvari Aniko , Imre Timea , Ludanyi Krisztina , Nagy Zoltan , Toeke Laszlo 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Nine Regioisomeric and Stereoisomeric Triterpene Dimers from Maytenus chuchuhuasca.
Authors: Shirota Osamu , Sekita Setsuko , Satake Motoyoshi , Morita Hiroshi , Takeya Koichi , Itokawa Hideji 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Parathyroid hormone–related protein expression is correlated with clinical course in patients with glial tumors
Authors: Pardo Francisco S. , Lien Winston W. , Fox Howard S. , Efird Jimmy T. , Aguilera Joseph A. , Burton Douglas W. , Deftos Leonard J. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDParathyroid hormone–related protein (PTHrP) expression modulates cell survival in a number of human solid tumors. Although PTHrP is expressed in normal developing and neoplastic central nervous system tissue, clinical data indicating the importance of this protein with respect to local control and/or survival in patients with glial tumors are scarce.METHODSUsing a standard immunoperoxidase technique, the authors examined PTHrP expression in a population of 51 patients with Daumas–Duport Grade II–IV astrocytomas over a 15‐year period. Both local control and survival were calculated from the date of definitive irradiation to the last time of known follow‐up examination using the actuarial method. PTHrP expression was scored on examination under 40× magnification, with the incidence of cellular staining averaged over 10 high‐power fields. The intensity and extent of staining were characterized semiquantitatively using the standard World Health Organization classification criteria. The median follow‐up duration was approximately 5.5 years. Multivariate analyses were performed to ascertain the statistical significance of several standard clinicohistopatholgic factors (Karnofsky functional status, age, gender, extent of surgical resection, radiotherapy dose, grade, and PTHrP expression) with respect to local control and survival. P < 0.05 was considered indicative of statistical significance.RESULTSPatients with high levels of PTHrP expression had significantly lower glial tumor local control rates and corresponding decreases in progression‐free and overall actuarial survival after definitive irradiation (P < 0.01). In a Cox 3‐variable model, the PTHrP staining score was independent of tumor grade or Karnofsky functional status. It is notable that the strongest predictor of survival was tumor grade (P < 0.001).CONCLUSIONSPTHrP may be an important adjunct to standard immunopathologic criteria in the determination of glial tumor responses. A number of mechanisms were explored to derive a more mechanistic understanding of these translational results. Subsequent prospective studies involving larger patient populations will be necessary before findings can be translated to clinical practice. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Thermoacidophilic Microorganisms and their Novel Biocatalysts
Authors: Bertoldo C. , Dock C. , Antranikian G. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThermophilic acidophiles are microorganisms that are able to grow in pH and temperature ranges of 0.0–4.0 and 55–95 °C, respectively. Most of these microorganisms, which usually live in solfataric fields, belong to the archaea and include the genera Acidianus, Desulfurolobus, Metallosphaera, Stygiolobus, Sulfolobus, Sulfurisphaera, Sulfurococcus, Thermoplasma and Picrophilus. The sequencing of five complete genomes of thermoacidophilic organisms has allowed more detailed investigation regarding the evolution of organisms sharing extreme growth conditions of a unique niche, especially with respect to horizontal gene transfer. From such novel microorganisms, robust enzymes with potential biotechnological applications can be isolated. Enzymes that are optimally active at high temperature and extremely low pH are very rare and most of them are extracellular and involved in polymer degradation. Heat and acid stable α‐amylase, cyclomaltodextrinase (neopullulanase), maltose binding protein and endoglucanase have been purified and characterized from the thermoacidophilic bacterium Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius. Archaeal glycosyl hydrolases have been characterized from Picrophilus torridus, Picrophilus oshima, Thermoplasma acidophilum and Sulfolobus solfataricus. Biotransformation reactions can be performed even at pH close to zero and temperatures of 100 °C.
Cloning of D‐specific Hydantoin Utilization Genes from Arthrobacter crystallopoietes
Authors: Werner M. , Las Heras Vazques F.J. , Fritz C. , Vielhauer O. , Siemann‐Herzberg M. , Altenbuchner J. , Syldatk C. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractArthrobacter crystallopoietes produces a D‐specific hydantoinase and D‐N‐carbamoylase useful for the industrial production of enantiomerically pure D‐amino acids. The D‐hydantoinase was purified by conventional chromatographic methods. The enzyme was digested by trypsine and some of the oligopeptides sequenced. The amino acid sequence information was used to isolate a DNA fragment of the corresponding gene. By several steps of inverse PCR a region of 6011 bp was obtained from the A. crystallopoietes genome surrounding the hydantoinase gene fragment. DNA sequence analysis revealed the presence of a D‐hydantoinase, the D‐N‐carbamoylase and a putative L‐N‐carbamoylase on the 6011 bp fragment. In addition, two incomplete open reading frames (ORFs) showed similarity to LacI type transcriptional regulators and transmembrane proteins responsible for the uptake of nucleosides and allantoin, respectively. The D‐hydantoinase gene and the D‐N‐carbamoylase gene were expressed in Escherichia coli and the enzyme activity was determined. From the putative L‐N‐carbamoylase gene, expressed in the same way in E. coli, only insoluble protein was obtained and no carbamoylase activity was detected.
D‐Amino Acid Tolerant Hosts for D‐Hydantoinase Whole Cell Biocatalysts
Authors: Turner R.J. , Aikens J. , Royer S. , DeFilippi L. , Yap A. , Holzle D. , Somers N. , Fotheringham I.G. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractWhole cell biocatalysts which enable the concerted use of D‐hydantoinase, D‐carbamoylase, and racemase enzymes are valuable for the production of D‐amino acids. However, Escherichia coli host strains used for this purpose efficiently degrade D‐amino acids. This work demonstrates that D‐amino acid degradation occurs largely through the concerted action of D‐amino acid dehydrogenase, encoded by the dadA gene, and D‐serine dehydratase, encoded by the dsdA gene. Deletion mutants of E. coli which lack these activities were constructed and compared against wild type strains in D‐amino acid degradation. An E. coli dadA mutant reduced the degradation of D‐methionine by one third, D‐phenylalanine by two‐thirds, and D‐2‐aminobutyric acid nearly completely. Even though the dadA mutant had no effect on D‐serine degradation, a dadA dsdA double mutant of E. coli additionally reduced degradation of D‐serine, as well as D‐phenylalanine, almost entirely. These strains are appropriate hosts for whole cell biosynthesis of D‐amino acids using general approaches such as the hydantoinase system.
Outcome measurement: Showing results in the nonprofit sector
Authors: Plantz Margaret C. , Greenway Martha Taylor , Hendricks Michael 
Published: November 2004

AbstractLike their counterparts in the public sector, managers of nonprofit agencies are aggressively measuring the outcomes of their efforts. This chapter describes current activities in five important areas, offers thirty useful lessons, and discusses seven key challenges still to be overcome. These insights from the nonprofit sector are equally useful to persons working in other settings.
Numerical analysis of deformed free surface under AC magnetic fields
Authors: Kohno Haruhiko , Tanahashi Takahiko 
Published: November 2004

AbstractA novel numerical scheme for the analysis of large deformation of electrically conducting liquid under alternating current magnetic fields is presented. The main features are characterized by two numerical tools; the level set method to calculate deformed free surface stably and the hybrid finite element method and boundary element method to discretize the electromagnetic field efficiently. Two‐dimensional numerical simulation of conducting drop deformation is carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the present scheme, and the oscillatory behaviour, which depends on the magnitude of surface tension and Lorentz force, is investigated. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Finding good predictors for inflation: a Bayesian model averaging approach
Authors: Jacobson Tor , Karlsson Sune 
Published: November 2004

AbstractWe consider a Bayesian model averaging approach for the purpose of forecasting Swedish consumer price index inflation using a large set of potential indicators, comprising some 80 quarterly time series covering a wide spectrum of Swedish economic activity. The paper demonstrates how to efficiently and systematically evaluate (almost) all possible models that these indicators in combination can give rise to. The results, in terms of out‐of‐sample performance, suggest that Bayesian model averaging is a useful alternative to other forecasting procedures, in particular recognizing the flexibility by which new information can be incorporated. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Expression of human apolipoprotein(a) kringles in colon cancer cells suppresses angiogenesis‐dependent tumor growth and peritoneal dissemination
Authors: Yu Hyun‐Kyung , Ahn Jin‐Hyung , Lee Ho‐Jeong , Lee Suk‐Keun , Hong Soon‐Won , Yoon Yeup , Kim Jang‐Seong 
Published: November 2004

AbstractBackgroundAnti‐angiogenesis therapy has been regarded as a promising treatment of cancer based on the fact that most tumors and their metastasis are angiogenesis‐dependent. Gene therapy can potentially expand the horizons of tumor angiogenesis therapy by virtue of its ability to produce high concentrations of therapeutic agents in a local area for a sustained period. The present study was performed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of gene therapy for the treatment of cancer and metastasis.MethodsThe murine colon carcinoma cell line CT26 was manipulated ex vivo to express an anti‐angiogenic molecule, LK68, consisting of human apolipoprotein(a) kringle domains, KIV9‐KIV10‐KV, using retrovirus‐mediated gene transfer. Its effects on colon tumor growth and metastasis were evaluated in experimental animal models established by injecting LK68‐expressing and control CT26 cells subcutaneously or into the peritoneal cavity of BALB/c mice, respectively.ResultsExpression of LK68 significantly suppressed colon tumor growth in mice, but did not influence the growth of tumor cells in vitro. Immunohistochemical analysis of tumor tissues revealed a significant reduction in microvessel density in LK68‐expressing tumors. Thus, the suppression of tumor growth appears to result mainly from inhibition of tumor angiogenesis. This decrease in vessel density is correlated with a notable increase in tumor cell apoptosis in vivo, but has no influence on proliferation. Moreover, expression of LK68 prevents peritoneal dissemination, and consequently improves overall host survival.ConclusionsThese results collectively indicate that a gene therapy strategy using LK68 cDNA is useful for the treatment for both colon tumor growth and peritoneal dissemination. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Engineered Streptomyces quorum‐sensing components enable inducible siRNA‐mediated translation control in mammalian cells and adjustable transcription control in mice
Authors: Weber Wilfried , Malphettes Laetitia , de Jesus Maria , Schoenmakers Ronald , El‐Baba Marie Daoud , Spielmann Manuela , Keller Bettina , Weber Cornelia C. , van de Wetering Petra , Aubel Dominique , Wurm Florian M. , Fussenegger Martin 
Published: November 2004

AbstractBackgroundRecent advances in functional genomics, gene therapy, tissue engineering, drug discovery and biopharmaceuticals production have been fostered by precise small‐molecule‐mediated fine‐tuning of desired transgenes.MethodsCapitalizing on well‐evolved quorum‐sensing regulatory networks in Streptomyces coelicolor we have designed a mammalian regulation system inducible by the non‐toxic butyrolactone SCB1. Fusion of the S. coelicolor SCB1 quorum‐sensing receptor ScbR to the human Kox‐1‐derived transsilencing domain reconstituted a mammalian transsilencer (SCS) able to repress transcription from SCS‐specific operator‐containing promoters in a reverse SCB1‐adjustable manner.ResultsThis quorum‐sensing‐derived mammalian transgene control system (Q‐ON) enabled precise SCB1‐specific fine‐tuning of (i) desired transgene transcription in a variety of mammalian/human cell lines and human primary cells, (ii) small interfering RNA‐mediated posttranscriptional knockdown (siRNA) in mammalian cells, and (iii) dosing of a human glycoprotein in mice.ConclusionsAs exemplified by Q‐ON technology, bacterial quorum‐sensing regulons may represent a near‐infinite source for the design of mammalian gene control systems compatible with molecular interventions relevant to future gene therapy and tissue engineering scenarios. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pilot association study of the β‐glucocerebrosidase N370S allele and Parkinson's disease in subjects of Jewish ethnicity
Authors: Clark Lorraine N. , Nicolai Angelique , Afridi Shehla , Harris Juliette , Mejia‐Santana Helen , Strug Lisa , Cote Lucien J. , Louis Elan D. , Andrews Howard , Waters Cheryl , Ford Blair , Frucht Steven , Fahn Stanley , Mayeux Richard , Ottman Ruth , Marder K. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractMutations in the β‐glucocerebrosidase gene cause Gaucher's disease, one of the most common lysosomal lipid storage diseases in the Ashkenazi Jewish population. The occurrence of parkinsonism in patients with Type 1 Gaucher's disease has been noted previously. In this pilot study, we evaluated a possible association between Parkinson's disease (PD) and the β‐glucocerebrosidase gene N370S allele (nt.1226 A>G) in 160 Parkinson's disease patients and 92 controls of Jewish ethnicity. We observed a higher frequency of the N370S genotype in PD cases (NS and SS, 10.7%) compared to controls (NS and SS 4.3%); however, the difference was not statistically significant (χ2 = 3.4, P = 0.2). A total of 17 PD cases carry the N370S allele, including 2 homozygotes and 15 heterozygotes. The N370S allele (nt.1226 A>G) may be associated with PD in patients of Jewish ethnicity and should be examined in a larger study. © 2004 Movement Disorder Society
Lymphoma and peripheral neuropathy: A clinical review
Authors: Kelly John J. , Karcher Donald S. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractLymphoma occasionally affects the peripheral nervous system. When it does, the diagnosis can be elusive since many patients present without known lymphoma. Most peripheral nerve complications are due to non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), which infiltrates nerves causing axonal damage. This disorder can affect nerve roots and cranial nerves, often associated with lymphomatous meningitis. NHL may also infiltrate peripheral nerves and cause plexopathy, mononeuropathy, or generalized neuropathy. These neuropathies may resemble an asymmetric mononeuropathy multiplex or a generalized disorder such as chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy. When NHL infiltrates diffusely, the term neurolymphomatosis is used. Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL), by contrast, rarely infiltrates nerves. More often, HL causes immunological disorders of the peripheral nervous system such as inflammatory plexopathy or Guillain–Barré syndrome. Other rare lymphomas such as intravascular lymphoma and Waldenström's macroglobulinemia can also affect peripheral nerves in specific ways. In addition, other malignant and nonmalignant lymphoproliferative disorders enter into the differential diagnosis of lymphomatous neuropathy. This review discusses the multiple peripheral nerve presentations of lymphoma from the clinician's point of view and provides a guide to the evaluation and diagnosis of these uncommon, challenging disorders. Muscle Nerve, 2005
Currents: Articles in Brief
Authors: Green Rachael 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFlexibility in the Workplace Is an Increasing Concern—Employees Cite Flex Time and Lifestyle Issues as More Important than MoneyLeading Laterally in Company OutsourcingHR OnlineThe Art and Skill of DelegatingNo Web For You!Dynamic From a Distance: Moving From Isolation to Interaction to Incredible—OnlineHR's Role in Mergers and Acquisitions
Currents: Books in Brief
Authors: Lawton LaRoi 
Published: November 2004

AbstractUnchained Value: The New Logic of Digital EconomyWharton on Managing Emerging TechnologiesBlown to Bits: How the New Economics of Information Transforms StrategyThe Leadership Investment: How the World's Best Organizations Gain Strategic Advantage Through Leadership DevelopmentValue Driven ManagementThe Value Effect: A Murder Mystery about the Compulsive Pursuit of the Next Big ThingThe Strategy Focused Organization: How Balanced Scorecard Companies Thrive in the New Business EnvironmentDigital Capital: Harnessing the Power of Business Webs
Identification of a time‐dependent coefficient in a partial differential equation subject to an extra measurement
Authors: Dehghan Mehdi 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe problem of recovering a time‐dependent coefficient in a parabolic partial differential equation has attracted considerable recent attention. Several finite difference schemes are presented for identifying the function u(x, t) and the unknown coefficient a(t) in a one‐dimensional partial differential equation. These schemes are developed to determine the unknown properties in a region by measuring only data on the boundary. Our goal has been focused on coefficients that presents physical quantities, for example, the conductivity of a medium. For the convenience of discussion, we will present the results of numerical experiment on several test problems. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2005
Superconvergence of a 3D finite element method for stationary Stokes and Navier‐Stokes problems
Authors: Matthies G. , Skrzypacz P. , Tobiska L. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor the Poisson equation on rectangular and brick meshes it is well known that the piecewise linear conforming finite element solution approximates the interpolant to a higher order than the solution itself. In this article, this type of supercloseness property is established for a special interpolant of the Q2 − P element applied to the 3D stationary Stokes and Navier‐Stokes problem, respectively. Moreover, applying a Q3 − P postprocessing technique, we can also state a superconvergence property for the discretization error of the postprocessed discrete solution to the solution itself. Finally, we show that inhomogeneous boundary values can be approximated by the Lagrange Q2‐interpolation without influencing the superconvergence property. Numerical experiments verify the predicted convergence rates. Moreover, a cost‐benefit analysis between the two third‐order methods, the post‐processed Q2 − P discretization, and the Q3 − P discretization is carried out. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2005
Rheological properties of injection molded LDPE and mPE foams
Authors: Chen Xue , Heuzey Marie‐Claude , Carreau Pierre J. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe rheological properties of molten LDPE and mPE foams have been measured for small‐amplitude oscillatory shear flow. The foam samples were prepared by injection molding, and the effect of injection conditions on the resultant cell structure is discussed. In all cases cellular foams with closed cells were obtained with cell densities in the range of 4 × 105− 7 × 106cells/cm3and cell diameters in the range of 30–110 μm. The viscoelastic behavior of the foams is shown to be well described by the emulsion model proposed by Palierne (1) without using any fitting parameter. The linear viscoelastic properties of LDPE and mPE foams depend only on the properties of the polymer matrix and of the gas volume fraction. The Palierne model is also used to predict the linear properties of microcellular foams. Polym. Eng. Sci. 44:2158–2164, 2004. © 2004 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Metabolomic analysis of saponins in crude extracts of Quillaja saponaria by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry for product authentication
Authors: Kite Geoffrey C. , Howes Melanie‐Jayne R. , Simmonds Monique S. J. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractAnalysis of 50% aqueous methanolic extracts of bark of Quillaja saponaria Molina (quillaja) by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS), using negative ion electrospray, revealed over 100 saponins. The majority could be assigned to known structures or generalised variations of these from the product ion spectra obtained by serial mass spectrometry in a quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer. Ten saponins contained a fatty acid domain terminated with both a pentose and deoxyhexose unit, a feature thus far only reported in QS‐III. Twenty saponins were based on a hydroxylated derivative of quillaic acid, whereas only six 22β‐hydroxyquillaic acid saponins have been described. The occurrence of pairs of saponins differing only by the presence of a rhamnose or xylose unit in the C‐3‐substituted saccharide was readily observed in two‐dimensional mass maps, and these showed the presence of the unreported ‘rhamnose partner’ of QS‐III. However, one sample labelled as Q. saponaria appeared to lack all saponins containing rhamnose in the C‐3 saccharide. Methods to authenticate saponin extracts of quillaja by LC/MS are suggested based on the general metabolomic profile, the occurrence of specific major saponins covering known structural variations, or the presence of saponins containing the unusual fatty acid domain, revealed by neutral loss analysis. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.