bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zur aushubbedingten Reduktion des Drucksondierwiderstandes
Authors: Grabe Jürgen , König Florian 
Published: July 2004

AbstractMit Hilfe einer Finite‐Element‐Modellierung wird der Penetrationsvorgang einer Drucksonde in nichtbindige Böden simuliert. Es wird der Einfluß des Spannungszustandes und der Lagerungsdichte auf den Drucksondierwiderstand untersucht. Dadurch wird eine Einschätzung der Reduktion des Drucksondierwiderstandes infolge einer Spannungsänderung, wie beispielsweise infolge Bodenaushub, ermöglicht.
Phenotypic variability in human embryonic holoprosencephaly in the Kyoto Collection
Authors: Yamada Shigehito , Uwabe Chigako , Fujii Shingo , Shiota Kohei 
Published: August 2004

AbstractBackgroundHoloprosencephaly (HPE) is one of the most common developmental disorders of the brain associated with specific craniofacial dysmorphogenesis. Although numerous postnatal cases have been reported, early phases of its pathogenesis are not well understood. We examined over 200 cases of HPE human embryos both grossly and histologically, and studied their phenotypic variability and stage‐specific characteristics.METHODSAmong over 44,000 human embryos in the Kyoto Collection of Human Embryos, 221 embryos have been diagnosed as HPE. Their developmental stages ranged from Carnegie stage (CS) 13 to CS 23. They were examined grossly and were also serially sectioned for detailed histological analysis.RESULTSHPE embryos after CS 18 were classified into complete (true) cyclopia, synophthalmia (partially fused eyes in a single eye fissure), closely apposed separate eyes (possible forerunners of ethmocephaly and cebocephaly), and milder HPE with median cleft lip (premaxillary agenesis). At CS 13–17, when facial morphogenesis is not completed, HPE embryos had some facial characteristics that are specific to these stages and different from those in older HPE embryos. The midline structures of the brain, including the pituitary gland, were lacking or seriously hypoplastic in HPE embryos. Complete cyclopia was found in two cases after CS 18 but none at earlier stages.CONCLUSIONSThe early development of HPE in human embryos was systematically studied for the first time. The pathogenesis of craniofacial abnormalities, especially eye anomalies, in HPE was discussed in the light of recent studies with mutant laboratory animals. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clonazepam use in pregnancy and the risk of malformations
Authors: Lin Angela E. , Peller Allyson J. , Westgate Marie‐Noel , Houde Kara , Franz Aleda , Holmes Lewis B. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDClonazepam (Klonopin) is a benzodiazepine that has been used widely to treat seizures and conditions such as panic attacks and anxiety disorder. However, the current findings about its use in pregnancy are derived from limited studies of small sample size. Because it is commonly prescribed during pregnancy, more information about its safety is needed.METHODSThe medical records of 28,565 infants were surveyed as part of a hospital‐based malformation surveillance program to identify those who had been exposed prenatally to an anticonvulsant, including clonazepam.RESULTSDuring a 32‐month period, 166 anticonvulsant‐exposed infants were identified; 52 had been exposed to clonazepam, 43 as monotherapy. A total of 33 (76.7%) of the monotherapy infants were exposed during the first trimester. One (3.0%) infant had dysmorphic features, growth retardation, and a heart malformation (tetralogy of Fallot).CONCLUSIONSThis study did not observe an increase in major malformations in births exposed to clonazepam monotherapy. However, this study is not large enough to have adequate power to determine whether or not the rate of major malformations is increased in clonazepam‐exposed pregnancies. No increase has been identified in three other case series. Although the number of patients in this series was larger than previous reports, continued monitoring of pregnancies is needed to determine whether or not clonazepam is teratogenic. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Kreative Uhren in unserem Kopf: Experimente zum Hören und Nachdenken
Authors: Euler Manfred 
Published: July 2004

AbstractEs werden Hörexperimente vorgestellt, die sich mit einem Computer und einem Sound‐Editor‐Programm leicht durchführen lassen. Sie erlauben einen Blick aus der Innenperspektive auf die konstruktive Rolle neuronaler Synchronisationsprozesse bei der Sprach‐ und Musikwahrnehmung. Die Synchronisation von Uhren stellt ein Basismodell für das Verständnis neuronaler Prozesse dar, die für die Konstruktion von Wirklichkeit zentral sind.
Die Vielfalt neotropischer Fledermäuse: Fliegende Alleskönner
Authors: Wilcken Sandra , Kalko Elisabeth K. V. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractFledermäuse sind vielseitige Lebenskünstler. Kaum eine andere Tiergruppe ist in Verhalten und Ökologie so vielfältig, keine Säugerordnung außer den Nagern ist artenreicher. Sie trinken Nektar, fressen Früchte, fangen Fische und jagen Insekten. In dunkelster Nacht orientieren sich die fliegenden Säuger per Ultraschall, riechen oder hören ihre Beute. Sogar Wärmestrahlung und UV‐Licht können manche Arten wahrnehmen. Die Nutzung unterschiedlicher ökologischer Nischen ermöglicht vor allem in tropischen Ökosystemen die Koexistenz zahlreicher Arten. Obwohl Fledermäuse für den Erhalt und die Regeneration tropischer Wälder eine wichtige Rolle spielen, ist das Geheimnis ihrer Vielfalt bislang nur in Ansätzen verstanden.
Geschwisterkonflikte bei Tölpel: Brudermörder und Desperados
Authors: Bucher Kirsten 
Published: July 2004

AbstractSowohl Blaufußtölpel als auch Brauntölpel zeigen aggressive Brutreduktion. Dabei führen offene Geschwisterkämpfe unter den beiden ungleich alten Küken zum Tod des jüngeren Geschwisters. Doch während bei Blaufußtölpeln Geschwistermord nur fakultativ auftritt, überleben beim obligaten Geschwistermord der Brauntölpel weniger als zehn Prozent der jüngeren Küken. Der Ausgang der Kämpfe hängt offensichtlich von der zukünftigen Verfügbarkeit der Nahrung ab: Während sie bei Blaufußtölpeln normalerweise für beide Geschwister ausreicht, können Brauntölpeleltern meist nur ein Küken bis zum Flüggewerden durchfüttern. Obwohl das zweite Brauntölpelküken vermutlich nur als „Versicherung”︁ gegen den Verlust des ersten Kükens dient, wird es häufig getötet, bevor das Überleben des Älteren sichergestellt ist. Eine Erklärung für das frühe Timing des obligaten Geschwistermordes liefert die Desperado‐Sibling‐Hypothese, die davon ausgeht, dass das jüngere Küken nur eine Chance hat: Es muss versuchen, seinen Gegner mit totaler Gewalt zu vernichten. Experimentelle Untersuchungen des agonistischen Verhaltens jüngerer Brauntölpel unterstützen die Hypothese und verdeutlichen gleichzeitig die Kosten, die dem älteren Küken durch einen potenziellen Desperado entstehen können.
Den Nachwuchs mit anderen Augen sehen
Authors: Wendler Silke 
Published: July 2004

AbstractWie erkennen und unterscheiden Vogeleltern, deren Nester in dunklen Höhlen liegen, die aufgesperrten Schnäbel ihrer Brut? Hier kommt den Vögeln eine Fähigkeit zugute, über die wir Menschen nicht verfügen. Sie haben eine zusätzliche Klasse von Photorezeptoren (Zapfen) in der Retina ihrer Augen. Dies befähigt sie, Wellenlängen zwischen 320 und 400 nm wahrzunehmen und damit den nahen UV‐Bereich einzuschließen.
EU‐Erweiterung ‐ Herausforderung an die Kontrolle des Artenhandels
Authors: Irsch Wilhelm 
Published: July 2004

AbstractDie zehn neuen EU‐Mitgliedsstaaten sind ebenfalls Unterzeichner des Washingtoner Artenschutzübereinkommens (CITES), doch die Unterschiede zwischen CITES und den engeren Verordnungen der EU, die auf eine einheitliche Umsetzung des weltweiten Artenschutzübereinkommes für die Mitgliedstaaten Europas abzielen, geben Artenschützern Anlass zur Besorgnis.
Diplom ‐ Bachelor ‐ Master: Wo geht's lang?
Authors: Liebig Karin , Wolk Andrea , Frings Stephan 
Published: July 2004

AbstractInteressenten an einem Biologiestudium haben an vielen Universitäten zur Zeit noch die Wahl zwischen einem Diplomstudiengang und einem oder mehreren Bachelor‐Studiengängen. Vor die Entscheidung gestellt, den richtigen Ausbildungsweg einzuschlagen, sind viele Abiturienten ratlos, und es zeigt sich, dass Chancen und Risiken der neuen zweistufigen Studiengänge (Bachelor und Master) noch unzureichend bekannt sind. Wir wollen hier versuchen, den Studierenden einige Kriterien für ihre Entscheidung an die Hand zu geben, um ihnen den Start in ein erfolgreiches Biologiestudium zu erleichtern.
Die gründliche Vorbereitung, Teil 2
Authors: Debus‐Spangenberg Isolde 
Published: July 2004

AbstractIn BIUZ 3/2004 beschrieb die Medienwissenschaftlerin und Karriereberaterin Isolde Debus‐Spangenberg, wo und wie interessante Stellenangebote für Biologen zu finden sind. Wer alle beschriebenen Recherche‐ Wege genutzt hat, der hat sicher auch bereits das eine oder andere attraktive Angebot entdeckt. Doch bevor Sie jetzt aktiv werden und den direkten Kontakt zum Unternehmen suchen, haben Sie noch eine Vorarbeit zu leisten: die Recherche über den potenziellen Arbeitgeber.
Survival after treatment for breast cancer in a geographically defined population
Authors: Tejler G , Norberg B , Dufmats M , Nordenskjöld B 
Published: July 2004

Abstract

Background
South East Sweden with 976 000 inhabitants is served by nine hospitals with specialized breast surgeons. Population-based mammographic screening was introduced in 1986 for women aged 40–74 years. Patients with primary breast cancer were treated according to a joint management programme.

Methods
All patients were reported to a regional cancer registry from which breast cancer incidence, treatment and survival in this defined population were reported.

Results
A total of 7892 women had their first invasive breast cancer diagnosed between 1986 and 1999. The median tumour size was 17 mm and 29·9 per cent had axillary metastases. Some 49·8 per cent of these women had a modified radical mastectomy and 31·9 per cent had a segmental resection with axillary clearance. Postoperative radiotherapy was given to 40·3 per cent of the women after mastectomy and to 87·1 per cent after breast-conserving surgery. Tamoxifen and chemotherapy were used as adjuvant treatment except in low-risk patients. Breast cancer-specific survival rate for all stages was 83·5 per cent at 5 years and 74·0 per cent at 10 years. Respective values were 95·8 and 90·9 per cent for patients with stage T1 N0 M0 tumours, and 77·7 and 62·4 per cent for those with T1–2 N1 M0 tumours.

Conclusion
Breast specialists treating women with breast cancer according to a joint management programme have achieved very good survival rates.
DEUSS: A Perdeuterated Poly(oxyethylene)‐Based Resin for Improving HRMAS NMR Studies of Solid‐Supported Molecules
Authors: Poschalko Alexander , Lancelot Nathalie , Marin Julien , Larras Virginie , Limal David , Elbayed Karim , Raya Jesus , Piotto Martial , Briand Jean‐Paul , Guichard Gilles , Bianco Alberto 
Published: July 2004

AbstractA novel resin called DEUSS (perdeuterated poly(oxyethylene)‐based solid support) has been prepared by anionic polymerization of deuterated [D4]ethylene oxide, followed by cross‐linking with deuterated epichlorohydrin. DEUSS can be suspended in a wide range of solvents including organic and aqueous solutions, in which it displays a high swelling capacity. As measured by proton HRMAS of the swollen polymer, the signal intensity of the oxyethylene protons is reduced by a factor of 110 relative to the corresponding nondeuterated poly(oxyethylene)poly(oxypropylene) (POEPOP) resin, thus facilitating detailed HRMAS NMR studies of covalently linked molecules. This 1H NMR invisible matrix was used for the solid‐phase synthesis of peptides, oligoureas, and a series of amides as well as their characterization by HRMAS NMR spectroscopy. On‐bead NMR spectra of high quality and with resolution comparable to that of liquid samples were obtained and readily interpreted. The complete absence of the parasite resin signals will be of great advantage, for example, for the optimization of multistep solid‐phase stereoselective reactions, and for the conformational study of resin‐bound molecules in a large variety of solvents.
Zu den Anfängen der Analytischen Chemie: Wider Fälscher und Betrüger
Authors: Volke Klaus 
Published: July 2004

AbstractBereits im Altertum gab es chemisch‐analytische Nachweisverfahren und Prüfmethoden vor allem für die Edelmetalle, die nicht nur der Anfertigung von Kunst‐ und Kultgegenständen sowie der Prägung von Münzen dienten, sondern auch Bestandteil von Tributleistungen waren. Das Wechselspiel zwischen dem Bemühen der Metallurgen, möglichst reine Metalle herzustellen, und der Kunstfertigkeit der Fälscher, möglichst echt wirkende Fälschungen herzustellen, hat nicht nur die Kenntnisse über die metallurgischen Prozesse gefördert, sondern auch zu ersten Analysenmethoden geführt.
Unerwünschte Wirkungen im Gewässer: Gentoxizität als prioritärer Messparameter
Authors: Grummt Tamara , Hansen P.‐D. , Rettberg P. , Waldmann P. , Zipperle J. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractGentoxisch belastete aquatische Systeme sind eine potenzielle Gefahr für Mensch und Umwelt. Im Hinblick auf die weitreichenden Konsequenzen positiver Befunde für den regulatorischen Bereich, dessen Ziel es ist, Expositionen gegenüber gentoxischen Verbindungen zu verhindern oder soweit realisierbar gänzlich zu vermeiden, ist ein ausgereiftes experimentelles Konzept zwingend erforderlich. Die Biotests umu‐Test, Ames‐Test, Comet‐Assay, der DNA‐Aufwindungstest, die Alkalische Filterelution, der UDS‐Test und der Mikrokerntest sind ausreichend sensitiv, um gentoxische Effekte in komplexen Gemischen im Niedrig‐Dosis‐Bereich zu detektieren. Diese Tests lassen sich routinemäßig einsetzen und sollten daher Bestandteil der ersten Stufe einer Testbatterie zur Anzeige gentoxischen Gefährdungspotenzials in aquatischen Systemen sein.
Ein Modellbaukasten für Chemiker?
Authors: Schiller Carsten , Epple Matthias 
Published: July 2004

AbstractDas Verständnis der räumlichen Anordnung von Atomen, sei es in Molekülen oder in Festkörperstrukturen, ist ein wesentlicher Bestandteil der Chemie. Wir arbeiten dabei mit 2‐dimensionalen Projektionen auf dem Papier und übersetzen diese bewusst oder unbewusst in ein 3‐dimensionales Gedankenmodell. Unser Vorstellungsvermögen bedarf bei dieser Aufgabe mitunter etwas Unterstützung durch reale 3‐dimensionale Modelle, damit wir die geometrischen Aspekte richtig “begreifen” können. Molekülmodellbaukästen erfreuen sich daher großer Beliebtheit, besonders bei der Chemieausbildung in Schulen und Universitäten. Es können sich auch Baukastensysteme als sehr nützlich erweisen, die eigentlich gar nicht für die Chemie gedacht sind...
Cognitive therapy with people with intellectual disabilities: a selective review and critique
Authors: Sturmey Peter 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThe literature on cognitive therapy with people with intellectual disabilities was selectively reviewed, including application to problems such as anger management, depression and offending. The literature on anger management showed the most promise. The literature on depression was weak. Research on offenders was promising, but no controlled trials were found. Much of the literature incorrectly identified behavioral interventions as cognitive interventions. Many interventions, such as anger management, were in fact packages that included many behavioral interventions, such as relaxation and social skills training, alongside cognitive methods, such as cognitive restructuring. Hence, evaluations of anger management packages can not tell us anything about the effectiveness of cognitive therapy, since cognitive therapy is confounded with behavior therapy. Future directions for research include well controlled experimental trials to evaluate the effectiveness of these packages and the contribution of cognitive therapy to treatment outcome. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cognitive–behaviour therapy for people with psychosis and mild intellectual disabilities: a case series
Authors: Haddock Gillian , Lobban Fiona , Hatton Chris , Carson Ruth 
Published: August 2004

AbstractA number of recent studies have shown that individual cognitive–behaviour therapy can be effective in reducing the severity of psychotic symptoms in chronic treatment resistant schizophrenia. In addition, cognitive–behaviourally oriented family interventions have been shown to significantly reduce relapse in similar populations. However, the application of either individual or family CBT approaches has not been evaluated in people who have a psychotic illness and who also have intellectual disabilities. This paper describes how individual and family CBT for psychosis has been modified for people with a mild learning disability who have a diagnosis of schizophrenia and illustrates its use with five case studies. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Flow cytometry detection of Shiga toxins in the blood from children with hemolytic uremic syndrome
Authors: Tazzari Pier Luigi , Ricci Francesca , Carnicelli Domenica , Caprioli Alfredo , Tozzi Alberto E. , Rizzoni Gianfranco , Conte Roberto , Brigotti Maurizio 
Published: August 2004

AbstractBackgroundHemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is the main cause of acute renal failure in early childhood. Most cases are due to intestinal infections from Escherichia coli strains (STEC) which produce by Shiga toxin (Stxs). Stx1 and Stx2 produced by STEC in the gut are absorbed into the circulation and, after binding on polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), are targeted to renal endothelium. The aim of the present work was the development of a method to detect Stxs bound on circulating PMNs and to diagnose STEC infections in patients with HUS.MethodsWhite blood cells isolated after erythrocytic lysis were incubated with anti‐Stxs mouse monoclonal antibodies in the presence of human serum to saturate Fc receptors on PMNs. After incubation with fluorescein isothiocyanate–goat anti‐mouse immunoglobulin G, flow cytometric analysis was used to demonstrate the cell‐bound fluorescence.ResultsThe method was quick (3 h), sensitive (femtomoles), and capable of detecting both Stxs. The presence of Stxs was detected on PMNs from six patients with HUS: four patients had serologic or microbiological evidence of STEC infection, whereas the other two patients had no evidence of STEC infection when employing the standard diagnostic methods.ConclusionsThe method described is rapid, simple, and based on commercially available reagents, and it might be more sensitive than the standard methods for diagnosis of STEC infection. It also allows the detection of Stxs in blood, a key step to monitor the pathogenesis of HUS. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Performance analysis of congestion avoidance algorithms with non‐zero MCR guarantee for ABR service in ATM networks
Authors: Jaruvitayakovit Tanun , Prapinmongkolkarn Prasit 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThis paper proposes a novel explicit rate allocation algorithm called Fast Rate Allocation Congestion Avoidance (FRACA) algorithm supporting non‐zero minimum cell rate (MCR). The non‐zero MCR guarantee strategy for ABR service in ATM networks focused in this paper is MCR plus equal share (The ATM Forum Traffic Management Specification, version 4.0. April 1996). The main goals for designing the algorithm are the fast convergence according to the max–min fairness criteria, fairness among all sessions, maximum network utilization while the switch queue length is properly controlled. At the same time, it should work well under a wide range of network conditions without the need for adjusting the algorithm parameters. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated and compared with the Generic Weighted Fairness (GWF) ERICA + (J Comput Comm 2000; 149). Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm achieves the design goals in the evaluated scenarios. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reduced intragraft mRNA expression of matrix metalloproteinases Mmp3, Mmp12, Mmp13 and Adam8, and diminished transplant arteriosclerosis in Ccr5‐deficient mice
Authors: Luckow Bruno , Joergensen Joanne , Chilla Silvia , Li Jian‐Ping , Henger Anna , Kiss Eva , Wieczorek Grazyna , Roth Lukas , Hartmann Nicole , Hoffmann Reinhard , Kretzler Matthias , Nelson Peter J. , de Lema Guillermo Pérez , Maier Holger , Wurst Wolfgang , Balling Rudi , Pfeffer Klaus , Gröne Hermann‐Josef , Schlöndorff Detlef , Zerwes Hans‐Günter 
Published: July 2004

AbstractExperimental and human organ transplant studies suggest an important role for chemokine (C‐C‐motif) receptor‐5 (CCR5) in the development of acute and chronic allograft rejection. Because early transplant damage can predispose allografts to chronic dysfunction, we sought to identify potential pathophysiologic mechanisms leading to allograft damage by using wild‐type and Ccr5‐deficient mice as recipients of fully MHC‐mismatched heart and carotid‐artery allografts. Gene expression in rejecting heart allografts was analyzed 2 and 6 days after transplantation using Affymetrix GeneChips. Microarray analysis led to identification of four metalloproteinase genes [matrix metalloproteinase (Mmp)3, Mmp12, Mmp13 and a disintegrin and metalloprotease domain (Adam)8] with significantly diminished intragraft mRNA expression in Ccr5‐deficient mice at day 6. Accordingly, allografts from Ccr5‐deficient mice showed less tissue remodeling and hence better preservation of the myocardial architecture compared with allografts from wild‐type recipients. Moreover, survival of cardiac allografts was significantly increased in Ccr5‐deficient mice. Carotid artery allografts from Ccr5‐deficient recipients showed better tissue preservation, and significant reduction of neointima formation and CD3+ T cell infiltration. Ccr5 appears to play an important role in transplant‐associated arteriosclerosis that may involve metalloproteinase‐mediated vessel wall remodeling. We conclude that early tissue remodeling may be a critical feature in the predisposition of allografts to the development of chronic dysfunction.
Magnetic Properties of Lone‐Pair‐Containing, Sandwich‐Type Polyoxoanions: A Detailed Study of the Heteroatomic Effect
Authors: Stowe Ashley C. , Nellutla Saritha , Dalal Naresh S. , Kortz Ulrich 
Published: July 2004

AbstractMagnetic susceptibility and high‐frequency EPR spectroscopy investigations were carried out on the isostructural family of tricopper(II)‐substituted, sandwich‐type polyoxotungstates [Cu3(H2O)3(α‐AsW9O33)2]12− (1), [Cu3(H2O)3(α‐SbW9O33)2]12− (2), [Cu3(H2O)3(α‐SeW9O33)2]10− (3), and [Cu3(H2O)3(α‐TeW9O33)2]10− (4) with the intention of examining the possible influence of the diamagnetic heteroatoms X (X = AsIII, SbIII, SeIV, TeIV) on the magnetic exchange properties of the three Cu2+ ions in the central belt. Magnetic susceptibility data indicate a single antiferromagnetic spin exchange constant J for the triangular Cu3 belts in 1−4. Variable‐temperature, W‐band (ca. 94 GHz) EPR spectra reveal that the Cu3 units have ST = 1/2 as the spin ground state with the excited state ST = 3/2 located within a few cm−1. We also determined the g matrix components for both the ST = 1/2 and 3/2 states. The zero‐field parameter D has been measured for the ST = 3/2 state, and its sign is shown to be positive for 1−4. From the analysis of the g matrix components for the molecular and the local Cu2+ site symmetry, the unpaired electrons are shown to occupy the 3dx2−y2 orbitals. The J values change from −1.36 to −1.04 cm−1 for 1 and 2, and from −1.52 to −1.48 cm−1 for 3 and 4, respectively. The g values follow a similar trend, but the D value for 4 implies a role of through‐space as well as through‐bond sources for the magnetic interactions in the Cu3 belt. Our results suggest that the heteroatoms, containing lone pairs, allow the fine tuning of the magnetic parameters of 1−4. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)