bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The hidden costs of emotional labor on withdrawal behavior: the mediating role of emotional exhaustion, and the moderating effect of mindfulness
Authors: Peng Peng , Li Xintian 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Employees’ withdrawal behavior concerns organization leaders and policymakers in many countries. However, the specific mechanism which emotional labor affects withdrawal behavior has yet to be thoroughly discussed. There needs to be systematic research on how different emotional labor strategies affect work withdrawal, whether directly or through individual perception, and how to respond.

Methods
A total of 286 hotel and catering service employees participated in our study. A series of hierarchical moderated regression analyses were performed to test the hypothesis.

Results
The results indicated that surface acting positively affected withdrawal behavior, while deep acting had a negative effect. Emotional exhaustion mediated in this relationship of surface acting with withdrawal behavior and deep acting with withdrawal behavior. Mindfulness showed moderation effects between emotional exhaustion and withdrawal behavior.

Conclusions
Emotional labor and emotional exhaustion are significant in predicting employees’ intentions to withdraw, given that emotional exhaustion partially mediates the effects of emotional labor on withdrawal behavior. Significantly, the relationship between emotional exhaustion and withdrawal behavior is weakened by mindfulness.
Trends in massive transfusion practice for trauma in Japan from 2011 to 2020: a nationwide inpatient database study
Authors: Ohbe Hiroyuki , Tagami Takashi , Endo Akira , Miyata Shigeki , Matsui Hiroki , Fushimi Kiyohide , Kushimoto Shigeki , Yasunaga Hideo 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Previous studies have reported conflicting results regarding fresh frozen plasma (FFP)-to-red blood cell (RBC) ratio and platelet-to-RBC ratio on outcomes for massive transfusion for trauma. Moreover, nationwide data on massive transfusion practices for trauma in the real-world clinical setting are scarce. This study aimed to examine the nationwide practice patterns and trends in massive transfusion for trauma in Japan using a national administrative, inpatient database.

Method
We identified patients who underwent emergency hospitalization for trauma and received massive transfusion, defined as administration of at least 20 units of RBC within the first 2 days of admission, using the nationwide inpatient database, which covers approximately 90% of all tertiary emergency hospitals in Japan, between 2011 and 2020. Trends in the incidence and practice patterns of massive transfusion were described by calendar year. The association of practice patterns with mortality or adverse events was tested.

Results
A total of 3,530,846 trauma hospitalizations were identified, of which 5247 (0.15%) received massive transfusion. A significant declining trend was observed in the incidence of massive transfusion in trauma hospitalizations from 0.24% in 2011 to 0.10% in 2020 (P for trend < 0.001). The FFP-to-RBC ratio rose significantly from 0.77 in 2011 to 1.08 in 2020 (P for trend < 0.001), while the platelet-to-RBC ratio remained virtually unchanged from 0.71 in 2011 to 0.78 in 2020 (P for trend 0.060). Massive transfusion with lower FFP-to-RBC (< 0.75) and platelets-to-RBC ratio (< 1.00) were associated with increased in-hospital mortality compared with those ≥ 1.00, while there were linear increases in adverse events with increasing FFP and platelets ratios.

Conclusions
This study demonstrated a declining trend in the incidence and a rise in higher FFP-to-RBC ratios in massive transfusion in association with patient outcomes for trauma from 2011 to 2020 in Japan.
A review of shallow slow earthquakes along the Nankai Trough
Authors: Takemura Shunsuke , Hamada Yohei , Okuda Hanaya , Okada Yutaro , Okubo Kurama , Akuhara Takeshi , Noda Akemi , Tonegawa Takashi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSlow earthquakes occur at deep and shallow plate boundaries along the Nankai Trough. Deep slow earthquakes are continuously distributed along the 30–40 km depth contours of the upper surface of the subducted Philippine Sea Plate. In contrast, shallow slow earthquakes occur in limited regions: Hyuga-nada, off Cape Muroto, and southeast off the Kii Peninsula. This review provides an overview of the up-to-date seismological, geodetic, geological, and experimental results in the shallow Nankai area for a unified understanding of the spot-like occurrence of shallow slow earthquakes. Shallow slow earthquakes tend to be distributed in transitional regions between the frictionally locked and stably sliding zones on the plate boundary. Based on geological and experimental studies, the lithology of incoming sediments and their friction coefficients can be variable along the Nankai Trough. Laboratory friction experiments revealed that sediments under shallow plate boundary conditions often exhibit positive (a − b) values, while negative (a − b) is possible via several processes. Subducted seamounts create complex fracture networks and stress shadows in their surrounding areas; however, not all subducted seamounts are related to shallow slow earthquake activities. This incomplete correlation suggests that alternative factors are required to explain the spot-like distribution of shallow slow earthquakes in the Nankai subduction zone. High pore fluid pressure conditions around shallow slow earthquake zones were interpreted based on seismological structural studies. In addition, ambient noise monitoring revealed temporal changes in seismic velocity structures associated with shallow slow earthquake migrations. This result suggests a close link between pore fluid migration and shallow slow earthquake episodes. Because transient changes in pore fluid pressure can lead to various slip behaviors, the episodic migration of pore fluid around the plate boundary could promote shallow slow earthquake activity along the Nankai Trough.
Graphical Abstract
Elucidating regulatory processes of intense physical activity by multi-omics analysis
Authors: Nakayasu Ernesto S. , Gritsenko Marina A. , Kim Young-Mo , Kyle Jennifer E. , Stratton Kelly G. , Nicora Carrie D. , Munoz Nathalie , Navarro Kathleen M. , Claborne Daniel , Gao Yuqian , Weitz Karl K. , Paurus Vanessa L. , Bloodsworth Kent J. , Allen Kelsey A. , Bramer Lisa M. , Montes Fernando , Clark Kathleen A. , Tietje Grant , Teeguarden Justin , Burnum-Johnson Kristin E. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Physiological and biochemical processes across tissues of the body are regulated in response to the high demands of intense physical activity in several occupations, such as firefighting, law enforcement, military, and sports. A better understanding of such processes can ultimately help improve human performance and prevent illnesses in the work environment.

Methods
To study regulatory processes in intense physical activity simulating real-life conditions, we performed a multi-omics analysis of three biofluids (blood plasma, urine, and saliva) collected from 11 wildland firefighters before and after a 45 min, intense exercise regimen. Omics profiles post- versus pre-exercise were compared by Student’s t-test followed by pathway analysis and comparison between the different omics modalities.

Results
Our multi-omics analysis identified and quantified 3835 proteins, 730 lipids and 182 metabolites combining the 3 different types of samples. The blood plasma analysis revealed signatures of tissue damage and acute repair response accompanied by enhanced carbon metabolism to meet energy demands. The urine analysis showed a strong, concomitant regulation of 6 out of 8 identified proteins from the renin-angiotensin system supporting increased excretion of catabolites, reabsorption of nutrients and maintenance of fluid balance. In saliva, we observed a decrease in 3 pro-inflammatory cytokines and an increase in 8 antimicrobial peptides. A systematic literature review identified 6 papers that support an altered susceptibility to respiratory infection.

Conclusion
This study shows simultaneous regulatory signatures in biofluids indicative of homeostatic maintenance during intense physical activity with possible effects on increased infection susceptibility, suggesting that caution against respiratory diseases could benefit workers on highly physical demanding jobs.
OptiCogs: feasibility of a multicomponent intervention to rehabilitate people with cognitive impairment post-stroke
Authors: O’ Donoghue Mairéad , Boland Pauline , Taylor Sinead , Hennessy Edel , Murphy Eva , Leahy Siobhan , McManus John , Lisiecka Dominika , Purtill Helen , Galvin Rose , Hayes Sara 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Despite the prevalence and associated burden of cognitive impairment post-stroke, there is uncertainty regarding optimal cognitive rehabilitation for people post-stroke. This study aimed to assess whether a multicomponent intervention, called OptiCogs, is feasible, acceptable, and safe for people with cognitive impairment post-stroke. A secondary aim was to explore changes in cognitive function, fatigue, quality of life, physical function, and occupational performance, from pre-intervention to post-intervention.

Methods
A feasibility study was conducted where people post-stroke with cognitive impairment enrolled in a 6-week multicomponent intervention. The primary outcomes recorded included response rate, recruitment rate, retention rate, adherence to the intervention protocol, adverse events, and acceptability of the intervention to people post-stroke. Secondary outcomes included (i) change in cognitive functioning using the Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination III, (ii) fatigue using the Fatigue Severity scale, (iii) quality of life using the Stroke Specific Quality of Life scale (iv) physical function using the patient-reported outcomes measurement information system, and (v) patient-reported occupational performance using the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure. The Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials extension reporting guidelines were followed, for pilot and feasibility studies, to standardize the conduct and reporting of this study.

Results
The response rate was 10.9%. Nine eligible participants were enrolled during the 4-month recruitment period, with eight participants completing the entire 6-week intervention, as well as the pre- and post-intervention outcome measures. There were no reported adverse events. Participants were satisfied with the intervention and found it acceptable overall. Results of the secondary outcomes were promising for cognitive function (ACE III, pre: 63.3 ± 23.9 to post: 69 ± 24.6), fatigue (FSS, pre: 52.5 ± 7.3 to post: 45.6 ± 7.2), quality of life (SSQoL, pre: 131.0 ± 26.3 to post: 169.9 ± 15.3), physical function (PROMIS-PF, pre: 15.5 ± 6.3 to post: 15.8 ± 5.3), and occupational performance (COPM performance, pre: 9.3 ± 2.3 to post: 22.9 ± 4.2) and COPM satisfaction, pre: 9.9 ± 2.1 to post: 22.7 ± 3.5).

Conclusion
Preliminary results suggest low-modest recruitment and high retention rates for the OptiCogs intervention. Changes in cognitive function, fatigue, quality of life, and self-reported occupational performance show improvement from pre- to post-intervention. These potential benefits require further testing in a larger pilot trial.

Trial registration
NCT05414539.
Shifts in energy allocation and reproduction in response to temperature in a small precocial mammal
Authors: Trillmich Fritz , Guenther Anja 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Species adjust to changes in temperature and the accompanying reduction in resource availability during the annual cycle by shifts in energy allocation. As it gets colder, the priority of energy allocation to maintenance increases and reproduction is reduced or abandoned.

Results
We studied whether and how young female guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) adjust even under ad libitum food conditions growth, storage of fat reserves and reproduction when kept at 5 °C versus 15 °C, and how offspring born into these conditions compensate during development to independence. Reproducing females grew less in the cold. Their lower weight resulted largely from less fat storage whereas growth in fat free mass was about the same for both groups. The increased need for thermoregulation diminished fat storage most likely due to the development of more brown fat tissue. Reproductive activity did not differ between groups in terms of litter frequency, mass and size. However, females in 5 °C weaned pups later (around day 25) than females in 15 °C (around day 21). Later weaning did not make up for the higher energy expenditure of pups in cold conditions leading to slower growth and less fat storage. Female pups born into the cold matured later than those born in 15 °C. Investment in reproduction continued but allocation to individual pups declined.

Conclusions
In more thermally demanding conditions female guinea pigs - even under ad libitum food abundance - transfer the higher costs of maintenance and reproduction largely to offspring.
Acute phase reactants in non-COVID-19 community-acquired pneumonia
Authors: Akl Yosri , Elkomy Ahmed , Ibrahim Eman Kamal 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Acute phase reactants (APR) are markers of inflammation that could be applied for the assessment of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) severity in association with various pneumonia severity scores. So, the aim of the study was to assess levels of APR such as total leucocytic count (TLC), platelets, neutrophils, neutrophils-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), CRP, D-dimer, ferritin, and ESR in patients with CAP and to correlate between their values and disease severity.

Methodology
The study included 51 patients diagnosed as non-COVID-19 (CAP). Patients were classified into two groups group A (pneumonia only) and group B (pneumonia complicated with empyema/complicated para-pneumonic effusion). All patients underwent clinical evaluation, CURB65, radiological assessment, and blood sampling to measure APR.

Results
The mean age of patients was 47 ± 17 years. The main symptoms were productive cough (90.2%) and Fever (92.2%).TLC, platelets, neutrophils, CRP, D-dimer, ferritin, and ESR were elevated than normal values. Significant positive correlations were found between the duration of fever and CRP, D-dimer, and ferritin with p values = 0.024, 0.012, and 0.034 respectively. Significant positive correlations were found between CURB65 and both CRP and ferritin with p values = 0.007 and 0.020. A significant increase in platelet count and ESR values was found in group B than in group A.

Conclusion
APR are important markers that can be used in the assessment of CAP in collaboration with clinical evaluation and severity scores. CRP, D-dimer, and ferritin were positively correlated with CURB65, while ESR and platelets could be considered predictors of the development of complications.

Trial registration
Retrospectively registered, registration number NCT05926089, date of registration is 06/29/2023.
Adverse childhood experiences and psychological functioning among women with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder: population-based study
Authors: Köhler-Forsberg Ole , Ge Fenfen , Hauksdóttir Arna , Thordardottir Edda Bjork , Ásbjörnsdóttir Kristjana , Rúnarsdóttir Harpa , Tómasson Gunnar , Jakobsdóttir Jóhanna , Guðmundsdóttir Berglind , Björnsson Andri Steinþór , Sigurðsson Engilbert , Aspelund Thor , Valdimarsdottir Unnur A. 
Published: October 2023

BackgroundAdverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are well-known risk factors for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.AimsThe aim was to study the associations between specific ACEs and psychological functioning in women with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder.MethodAmong 29 367 women (mean age 44 years) from the Icelandic Stress-And-Gene-Analysis (SAGA) study, 534 (1.8%, mean age 40) reported having been diagnosed with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder, which were combined to ‘severe mental disorders’. Participants reported on 13 types of ACEs, childhood deprivation and psychological functioning (defined as coping ability and current symptoms of depression, anxiety and sleep disturbances). Adjusted Poisson regression calculated prevalence ratios (PRs) between ACEs and severe mental disorders. Linear regression assessed the association between ACEs and psychological functioning among women with a severe mental disorder.ResultsWomen with a severe mental disorder reported more ACEs (mean 4.57, s.d. = 2.82) than women without (mean 2.51, s.d. = 2.34) in a dose-dependent manner (fully-adjusted PR = 1.23 per ACE, 95% CI 1.20–1.27). After mutual adjustment for other ACEs, emotional abuse, sexual abuse, mental illness of a household member, emotional neglect, bullying and collective violence were associated with severe mental disorders. Among women with severe mental disorders, a higher number of ACEs was associated with increased symptom burden of depression (β = 2.79, 95% CI = 1.19–4.38) and anxiety (β = 2.04, 95% CI = 0.99–3.09) including poorer sleep quality (β = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.07–1.59). Findings were similar for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder separately.ConclusionWomen with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder show a strong history of ACEs, which may interfere with their psychological functioning and, therefore, need to be addressed as part of their treatment, for example, with trauma-focused psychotherapy.
Exploring the complex relationships between coping strategies, locus of control and self-esteem with psychopathology: structural equation modeling with a special focus on clinical high-risk of psychosis
Authors: Rinaldi Giulia , Osman Naweed , Kaess Michael , Schimmelmann Benno G. , Kindler Jochen , Schultze-Lutter Frauke , Michel Chantal 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Coping strategies, competence, and locus of control (LOC) beliefs are important predictors of mental health (MH). However, research into their complex interactions has produced mixed results. Our study investigated them further in the previously unexplored context of clinical high-risk (CHR) of psychosis.

Methods
We tested six alternative structural equation models in a community sample (N = 523), hypothesizing a mediating role of coping and treating CHR symptoms as (i) an additional mediator or (ii) a specific outcome. Our measurement model included two latent factors of MH: (1) psychopathology (PP), consisting of presence of mental disorders, global and psychosocial functioning, and (2) self-rated health (SRH) status.

Results
In the model with the best Akaike Information Criterion and the latent factors as outcome variables, maladaptive coping completely mediated the impact of maladaptive LOC on PP and SRH. Additionally, CHR symptoms partially mediated the effect of maladaptive coping on PP and SRH in the community sample, as long as sex was not entered into the model. In the clinical sample (N = 371), the model did not support a mediation by CHR symptoms, despite significant pathways with both coping and MH outcomes; further, competence beliefs directly impacted SRH.

Conclusions
Coping strategies are an important intervention target for MH promotion, especially in the community. In clinical populations, interventions focusing on coping strategies may improve CHR symptoms, thus potentially supporting better MH, especially SRH. Additionally, due to their mostly cascading effects on MH, improving competence and LOC beliefs may also promote psychological well-being.
Measuring What Is Meaningful in Cancer Cachexia Clinical Trials: A Path Forward With Digital Measures of Real-World Physical Behavior
Authors: Aryal Suvekshya , Bachman Shelby L. , Lyden Kate , Clay Ieuan 
Published: October 2023

PURPOSE The burden of cancer cachexia on patients' health-related quality of life, specifically their physical functioning, is well documented, but clinical trials thus far have failed to show meaningful improvement in physical functioning. The purpose of this review is to summarize existing methods of assessing physical function in cancer cachexia, outline a path forward for measuring what is meaningful to patients using digital measures derived from digital health technologies (DHTs), and discuss the current landscape of digital measures from the clinical and regulatory standpoint. DESIGN For this narrative review, peer-reviewed articles were searched on PubMed, clinical trials records were searched on clinicaltrials.gov, and records of digital measures submitted for regulatory qualification were searched on the US Food and Drug Administration's Drug Development Tool Qualification Program database. RESULTS There are gaps in assessing aspects of physical function that matter to patients. Existing assessment methods such as patient-reported outcomes and objective performance outcomes have limitations, including their episodic nature and burden to patients. DHTs such as wearable sensors can capture real-world physical behavior continuously, passively, and remotely, and may provide a more comprehensive picture of patients' everyday functioning. Recent regulatory submissions showcase potential clinical implementation of digital measures in various therapeutic areas. CONCLUSION Digital measures of real-world physical behavior present an opportunity to detect and demonstrate improvements in physical functioning in cancer cachexia, but evidence-based development is critical. For their use in clinical and regulatory decision making, studies demonstrating meaningfulness to patients as well as feasibility and validation are necessary.
Predicting the daily gastrointestinal doses of stereotactic body radiation therapy for pancreatic cancer based on the shortest distance between the tumor and the gastrointestinal tract using daily computed tomography images
Authors: Uchinami Yusuke , Kanehira Takahiro , Nakazato Keiji , Fujita Yoshihiro , Koizumi Fuki , Takahashi Shuhei , Otsuka Manami , Yasuda Koichi , Taguchi Hiroshi , Nishioka Kentaro , Miyamoto Naoki , Yokokawa Kohei , Suzuki Ryusuke , Kobashi Keiji , Takahashi Keita , Katoh Norio , Aoyama Hidefumi 
Published: October 2023

Objectives: We aimed to investigate whether daily computed tomography (CT) images could predict the daily gastroduodenal, small intestine, and large intestine doses of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for pancreatic cancer based on the shortest distance between the gross tumor volume (GTV) and gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Methods: Twelve patients with pancreatic cancer received SBRT of 40 Gy in five fractions. We recalculated the reference clinical SBRT plan (PLANref) using daily CT images and calculated the shortest distance from the GTV to each GI tract. The maximum dose delivered to 0.5 cc (D0.5cc) was evaluated for each planning at-risk volume of the GI tract. Spearman’s correlation test was used to determine the association between the daily change in the shortest distance (Δshortest distance) and the ratio of ΔD0.5cc dose to D0.5cc dose in PLANref (ΔD0.5cc/PLANref) for quantitative analysis. Results: The median shortest distance in PLANref was 0 mm in the gastroduodenum (interquartile range, 0–2.7), 16.7 mm in the small intestine (10.0–23.7), and 16.7 mm in the large intestine (8.3–28.1 mm). The D0.5cc of PLANref in the gastroduodenum was >30 Gy in all patients, with 10 (83.3%) having the highest dose. A significant association was found between the Δshortest distance and ΔD0.5cc/ PLANref in the small or large intestine (p < 0.001) but not in the gastroduodenum (p = 0.404). Conclusions: The gastroduodenum had a higher D0.5cc and predicting the daily dose was difficult. Daily dose calculations of the GI tract are recommended for safe SBRT. Advances in knowledge: This study aimed to predict the daily doses in SBRT for pancreatic cancer from the shortest distance between the GTV and the gastrointestinal tract. Daily changes in the shortest distance can predict the daily dose to the small or large intestines, but not to the gastroduodenum.