bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Labour Pains: Mothers and Motherhood on the British Left in the Twentieth Century
Authors: Riley Charlotte Lydia , Jenkins Lyndsey , Baughan Emily , Beers Laura , Burnett Jade , Chappell Frankie , Davidson Ruth , Lundin Emma Elinor , Martin Mary Clare , Muggeridge Anna , Peplow Emma , Pivatto Priscila , White Jessica 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
British left-wing politics does not know what to think about mothers. In left-wing women’s movements, motherhood has been recognised as essential and difficult; necessary for future revolutions, not least in raising future revolutionaries. In less radical circles, it has been understood as a crucial contribution to the functioning of society, often forming the basis of women’s claims to citizenship and maternalist forms of politics. On the other hand, motherhood has been seen as a ‘natural’ function of women and a private responsibility, rather than a public good or a collective act which needs comprehensive state support. The family, in this reading, is a rather conservative force, better left to social reactionaries. Mothering has added additional hurdles to the gendered obstacles women already face in pursuing politics as activists or elected representatives. Perhaps because of this, many mothers in politics have sought to downplay or distance themselves from their roles as mothers, emphasising instead their contributions as workers and activists who can be fully committed to the left cause. Feminist historians have often followed their lead and have tended to write around political mothers’ maternal roles in their scholarship. This roundtable develops themes first explored in our November 2023 workshop, generously supported by the Royal Historical Society.
Evidence for the Neoproterozoic Rifting of Rodinia in the Rocky Mountain Front Range
Authors: Murray Kendra E. , Niemi Nathan A. , Clark Marin K. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractRecent advances in low‐temperature thermochronology enable the recovery of deep‐time thermal histories from Precambrian crystalline rocks shaped by multiple tectonic events, offering unprecedented opportunities to test tectonic hypotheses and links to significant biologic and climatic episodes. In particular, the late Neoproterozoic breakup of supercontinent Rodinia profoundly shaped the western margin of Laurentia, leaving a geologic record along the Cordilleran hingeline that temporally associates continental rifting with biological change at the Ediacaran‐Cambrian transition and may explain the unusual eastern extent of the Laramide orogeny. However, sedimentary evidence east of the Cordilleran hingeline is lacking, leaving postulated links untested. Here we interpret Neoproterozoic to recent tectonic histories from the Colorado Front Range using thermal history modeling of zircon (U‐Th)/He (ZHe) ages (50–607 Ma), which vary with grain U‐Th composition. These models are constrained by geologic records that place basement rocks near Earth's surface at ca. 700, 500, and 300 Ma, and they resolve late Neoproterozoic heating to 240–285°C followed by cooling. Sensitivity tests confirm this heating signal depends on fitting Mesoproterozoic 40Ar/39Ar ages and a ZHe data set that includes high‐U‐Th grains with reproducible 61 ± 7.5 Ma ages that correspond to Colorado Mineral Belt magmatism and Laramide exhumation. We interpret the Neoproterozoic heating as direct evidence that intracontinental rifting in the Front Range region drove kilometer‐scale burial coeval with global glaciation and the fragmentation of Rodinia. The magnitude and duration of reheating are well constrained, but resolving subsequent cooling during Neoproterozoic‐Paleozoic time strongly depends on surface constraints from the geologic record.
Differential Extrusion of Indochina‐South China Block and Its Interplay With Slab‐Pull Tectonics: Evidence for End‐Oligocene Basin Inversion in the Beibuwan Basin
Authors: Wang Zheng , Ren Jianye , Hu Chen , Xu Yancheng 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe Beibuwan Basin is situated at the northwest margin of the South China Sea (SCS) and thereby provides valuable insights into the complex relationship between extrusion and slab‐pull tectonics. Through borehole‐constrained seismic interpretation and quantitative analyses of inversion magnitude, broadly developed end‐Oligocene basin inversion structures have been identified, with their intensity gradually diminishing toward the southeast. The mechanisms underlying the inversion cannot be fully explained by either the extrusion of Indochina Block and South China Block (SCB) or the slab‐pull of Proto‐South China Sea alone. Therefore, we propose an innovative hybrid model suggesting that extrusion tectonics have played a more dominant role than slab‐pull tectonics over time. More specifically, during the Oligocene, extrusion tectonics, as evidenced by the thrusting along the Longmenshan Fault, exerted compressional stress on the western part of the SCB. Concurrently, slab‐pull tectonics induced extension in the SCS, with the extensional force impacting the southern part of the SCB as well. This resulted in a northeast‐oriented stress neutral line within the SCB, delineating the boundary between extensional and compressional stress. At the end of the Oligocene, the initiation of the Sabah Orogeny weakened the effects of slab‐pull tectonics. Consequently, the stress neutral line shifted southeastward to the south of the Qiongdongnan Basin and the northwest sub‐basin of the SCS, triggering the development of inversion structures in the study area and the southward jump of the spreading ridge. This model highlights the significance of compressional stress during the SCS evolution, marking a fundamental difference from the traditional models.
Are associations of adulthood overweight and obesity with all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease, and obesity-related cancer modified by comparative body weight at age 10 years in the UK Biobank study?
Authors: Johnson William , Norris Tom , Pearson Natalie , Petherick Emily S. , King James A. , Willis Scott A. , Hardy Rebecca , Paudel Susan , Haycraft Emma , Baker Jennifer L. , Hamer Mark , Stensel David J. , Tilling Kate , Richardson Tom G. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective
Adults living with overweight or obesity do not represent a single homogenous group in terms of mortality and disease risks. The aim of our study was to evaluate how the associations of adulthood overweight and obesity with mortality and incident disease are modified by (i.e., differ according to) self-reported childhood body weight categories.

Methods
The sample comprised 191,181 men and 242,806 women aged 40–69 years (in 2006–2010) in the UK Biobank. The outcomes were all-cause mortality, incident cardiovascular disease (CVD), and incident obesity-related cancer. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate how the associations with the outcomes of adulthood weight status (normal weight, overweight, obesity) differed according to perceived body weight at age 10 years (about average, thinner, plumper). To triangulate results using an approach that better accounts for confounding, analyses were repeated using previously developed and validated polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for childhood body weight and adulthood BMI, categorised into three-tier variables using the same proportions as in the observational variables.

Results
In both sexes, adulthood obesity was associated with higher hazards of all outcomes. However, the associations of obesity with all-cause mortality and incident CVD were stronger in adults who reported being thinner at 10 years. For example, obesity was associated with a 1.28 (1.21, 1.35) times higher hazard of all-cause mortality in men who reported being an average weight child, but among men who reported being a thinner child this estimate was 1.63 (1.53, 1.75). The ratio between these two estimates was 1.28 (1.17, 1.40). There was also some evidence that the associations of obesity with all-cause mortality and incident CVD were stronger in adults who reported being plumper at 10 years. In genetic analyses, however, there was no evidence that the association of obesity (according to the adult PRS) with mortality or incident CVD differed according to childhood body size (according to the child PRS). For incident obesity-related cancer, the evidence for effect modification was limited and inconsistent between the observational and genetic analyses.

Conclusions
Greater risks for all-cause mortality and incident CVD in adults with obesity who perceive themselves to have been a thinner or plumper than average child may be due to confounding and/or recall bias.
Controllable tip exposure of ultramicroelectrodes coated by diamond-like carbon via direct microplasma jet for enhanced stability and fidelity in single-cell recording
Authors: Du Zhiyuan , Xu Qingda , Xi Ye , Xu Mengfei , Cao Jiawei , Wang Longchun , Li Xiuyan , Wang Xiaolin , Liu Qingkun , Lin Zude , Yang Bin , Liu Jingquan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Precise and long-term electroanalysis at the single-cell level is crucial for the accurate diagnosis and monitoring of brain diseases. The reliable protection in areas outside the signal acquisition points at sharp ultramicroelectrode (UME) tips has a significant impact on the sensitivity, fidelity, and stability of intracellular neural signal recording. However, it is difficult for existing UMEs to achieve controllable exposure of the tip functional structure, which affects their ability to resist environmental interference and shield noise, resulting in unsatisfactory signal-to-noise ratio and signal fidelity of intracellular recordings. To address this issue, we chose a dense and electrochemically stable diamond-like carbon (DLC) film as the UME protection coating and developed a method to precisely control the exposed degree of the functional structure by directly fixed-point processing of the UME tip by the strong site-selectivity and good controllability of the atmospheric microplasma jet. By analyzing the interaction between the microplasma jet and the UME tip, as well as the changes in the removal length and microstructure of UME tips with processing time, the exposed tip length was precisely controlled down to the submicron scale. Biocompatibility experiments, electrochemical aging tests and real-time intracellular pH recording experiments have demonstrated that the DLC-UME with effective tip protection processed by microplasma jet has the potential to enable long-term detection of intracellular high-fidelity signals.
Leisure activities of adolescents—associations with demographic characteristics, well-being and parental leisure engagement
Authors: Wanka Friederike , Vogel Mandy , Grafe Nico , Aßmann Manuela , Kiess Wieland , Poulain Tanja 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
The present study aimed to investigate associations between leisure activities and well-being, behavioral difficulties, and parental leisure time engagement.

Methods
A total of 959 adolescents aged 10 to 18 years were included in the present study. We assessed their leisure activities (e.g., family time, meeting friends, screen time, sports participation), well-being (Kidscreen-27) and behavioral difficulties (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire SDQ) using questionnaires. The leisure behavior of parents was assessed using a parent version of the leisure activities questionnaire. We applied linear and logistic mixed-effect models to assess associations, adjusting for age, sex, and SES.

Results
The associations between leisure activities and well-being differed depending on the type of activity. Active leisure (e.g., family time, meeting friends, café visits, visiting a museum/art exhibition/cinema, visiting a concert/opera, voluntary work, sports participation) was associated with better well-being, especially physical well-being, and fewer behavioral difficulties. Passive leisure activities (screen time, chilling) were associated with lower well-being and more behavioral difficulties. We also observed that adolescents reported more frequently participation in the described leisure activities if their parents did so.

Conclusion
We need to promote active leisure behavior among young people and their parents to improve adolescents’ well-being.

Impact

Most previous studies on leisure behavior have focused on screen time and sports participation, but we examined a variety of leisure activities including family time, meeting friends, café visits, visiting a museum/art exhibition/cinema, visiting a concert/opera, voluntary work, chilling and sports participation and screen time.

Active leisure activities are associated with better well-being and less behavioral problems.

Parents’ leisure time participation is associated with higher participation of their children in these activities.

We need to promote active leisure behavior among adolescents and their parents to improve overall well-being.
Unravelling genomic drivers of speciation in Musa through genome assemblies of wild banana ancestors
Authors: Martin Guillaume , Istace Benjamin , Baurens Franc-Christophe , Belser Caroline , Hervouet Catherine , Labadie Karine , Cruaud Corinne , Noel Benjamin , Guiougou Chantal , Salmon Frederic , Mahadeo Joël , Ahmad Fajarudin , Volkaert Hugo A. , Droc Gaëtan , Rouard Mathieu , Sardos Julie , Wincker Patrick , Yahiaoui Nabila , Aury Jean-Marc , D’Hont Angélique 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Hybridization between wild Musa species and subspecies from Southeast Asia is at the origin of cultivated bananas. The genomes of these cultivars are complex mosaics involving nine genetic groups, including two previously unknown contributors. This study provides continuous genome assemblies for six wild genetic groups, one of which represents one of the unknown ancestor, identified as M.
acuminata ssp. halabanensis. The second unknown ancestor partially present in a seventh assembly appears related to M. a. ssp. zebrina. These assemblies provide key resources for banana genetics and for improving cultivar assemblies, including that of the emblematic triploid Cavendish. Comparative and phylogenetic analyses reveal an ongoing speciation process within Musa, characterised by large chromosome rearrangements and centromere differentiation through the integration of different types of repeated sequences, including rDNA tandem repeats. This speciation process may have been favoured by reproductive isolation related to the particular context of climate and land connectivity fluctuations in the Southeast Asian region.
Altered olfactory responses in Fmr1 KO mice
Authors: Tuma Jan , Rana Amtul-Noor , Philip Teena , Park Jeong Ben , Lee Hye Young 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder oftentimes associated with abnormal social behaviors and altered sensory responsiveness. It is hypothesized that the inappropriate filtering of sensory stimuli, including olfaction, can lead to aberrant social behavior in FXS. However, previous studies investigating olfaction in animal models of FXS have shown inconsistent results. Here, we found that Fmr1 knock-out (KO) mice, a mouse model of FXS, showed increased sniffing duration for non-social odors during their first exposure. Additionally, while wild-type (WT) males demonstrated differences in behavioral patterns between non-social odors while Fmr1 KO males did not show such distinction. We also showed that Fmr1 KO males spent significantly less time sniffing female urine odor compared to WT males. Moreover, we found an increased volume of the olfactory bulb in Fmr1 KO males. Overall, our findings suggest that the Fmr1 KO mice demonstrate atypical olfactory behaviors as well as structural changes in the olfactory bulb.
Cumulative damage characteristics of tunnel initial support concrete under blasting load
Authors: Zhao Yan , Zhang Zhuang , Ge Lijie , Xu Lingling , Zhao Huadong , Yu Mingzan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Relying on the Beijing-Zhangjiakou high-speed railway Cao Mao Shan tunnel project, blasting vibration monitoring and sound wave testing experiments were carried out. The monitoring results show that the blasting vibration velocity corresponding to the initial support satisfies the Sadowski formula. The results of the sonic test show that with the increase of blasting times, the cumulative damage increases gradually, but the blasting damage increment shows a downward trend. In addition, as the blasting distance decreases, the blasting cumulative damage effect is significant. Through data analysis and curve fitting, the cumulative damage range R

cr
and critical blasting vibration velocity PPV

cr
corresponding to blasting construction are obtained respectively. The numerical analysis results show that there is a good exponential function relationship between the cumulative damage range R

cr
and the corresponding critical blasting vibration velocity PPV

cr
. The purpose of quantitative control of blasting damage can be achieved by setting the corresponding vibration velocity threshold.
Compact inverse designed vertical coupler with bottom reflector for sub-decibel fiber-to-chip coupling on silicon on insulator platform
Authors: Huang Shiang-Yu , Barz Stefanie 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Inverse design via topology optimization has led to innovations in integrated photonics and offers a promising way for designing high-efficiency on-chip couplers with a minimal footprint. In this work, we exploit topology optimization to design a compact vertical coupler incorporating a bottom reflector, which achieves sub-decibel coupling efficiency on the 220-nm silicon-on-insulator platform. The final design of the vertical coupler yields a predicted coupling efficiency of −0.35 dB at the wavelength of 1550 nm with a footprint of 14 µm

$$\times$$

×

14 µm, which is considerably smaller than conventional grating couplers. Its topology-optimized geometry can be realized by applying one full-etch and one 70-nm shallow-etch process and the fabricability is also guaranteed by a minimum feature size around 150 nm. Analysis of the potential fabrication imperfections indicates that the topology-optimized coupler is more resilient to in-plane variations, as the deviation of approximately ±100 nm in the misalignment of the topology-optimized features, ±20 nm in the size of the topology-optimized features, and ±10 nm in shallow etch depth yields an additional 1-dB loss as a penalty at the wavelength of 1550 nm. The proposed vertical coupler can further miniaturize photonic integrated circuits and enable highly-efficient networks between optical fibers and other photonic devices.
De novo assembly of the complete mitochondrial genomes of two Camellia-oil tree species reveals their multibranch conformation and evolutionary relationships
Authors: Xiao Zhun , Gu Yiyang , Zhou Junqin , Lu Mengqi , Wang Jinfeng , Lu Kaizheng , Zeng Yanling , Tan Xiaofeng 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Camellia-oil trees are economically valuable, oil-rich species within the genus Camellia, family Theaceae. Among these species, C. oleifera, a member of Section Oleifera in the genus, is the most extensively cultivated in China. In this study, we assembled the mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) of two Camellia species, namely C. oleifera and C. lanceoleosa. These two species are closely related and belong to the same genus and section, with C. oleifera being hexaploid and C. lanceoleosa being diploid. The mitogenome of C. oleifera is comprised of 1,039,838 base pairs (bp), and C. lanceoleosa is comprised of 934,155 bp. Both genomes exhibit a multipartite genome structure, which is supported by our PCR experiments. We conducted codon usage and RNA editing site analysis on these two mitogenomes, which showed highly consistent results. However, analysis of repetitive sequences and mitochondrial plastid sequences (MTPTs) revealed differences between the two mitogenomes. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that these two species clustered together, suggesting a close evolutionary relationship. The collinearity analysis results showed extensive genome rearrangements in the mitogenomes of Camellia species. We successfully assembled the mitogenomes of C. oleifera and C. lanceoleosa, marking a significant advancement in understanding camellia-oil tree mitogenomes. Unlike circular mitogenomes reported before, our research confirms multiple-branched configurations in these two species. This sheds light on mitogenome structural complexities and contributes to our understanding of evolutionary processes. Additionally, these results enrich Camellia genetic resources and expand our knowledge of mitogenome variation.
Sex-specific association between maternal childhood adversities and offspring’s weight gain in a Brazilian cohort
Authors: Santana Vinicius Oliveira , Ramos Aline Camargo , Cogo-Moreira Hugo , Araújo Célia Maria , Alves Barbara Shibuya , Ribeiro Lucas , Lodi Aline , Milani Ana Carolina Coelho , Silva Ivaldo , Duarte Cristiane S. , Posner Jonathan , Jackowski Andrea Parolin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Maternal adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are linked to negative health and developmental outcomes in offspring. However, whether maternal ACEs influence infant weight gain in the first months of life, and if this effect differs by infant sex, remains unclear. This study included 352 full-term newborns from low-risk pregnancies and their mothers in low-income settings in Brazil. Anthropometric data (weight, length, head circumference) and other information (feeding type, offspring sex, family income) were collected at delivery (W0), discharge (W1), and up to 8 weeks postpartum (W2). ACEs were assessed using the CDC-Kaiser Questionnaire, and weight gain was calculated as the difference between W2 and W1, divided by the number of days between measurements. The association between maternal ACEs and offspring weight gain was positive only in male offspring (unstandardized coefficient (male) = 1.82, SE = 0.438, p < 0.001); for each 1-point increase in the ACEs score (e.g., from 0 to 1), weight gain increased by 1.8 g/day. These findings indicate that maternal ACEs are associated with increased weight gain in male infants during the first two months of life, potentially increasing the risk of future obesity. Further research is required to investigate the underlying biological mechanisms and their neurodevelopmental implications.