bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Information at the intersections of discovery: Case studies in neuroscience
Authors: Palmer Carole L. , Cragin Melissa H. , Hogan Timothy P. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractWithin the field of neuroscience there is need for new information technologies to provide better access to the extensive body of knowledge related to brain research and better support for discovery processes. In scientific research, certain intersections of people, ideas, and techniques lead to advancements, and information plays an important role in this process. This paper reports on case studies that investigate how information fuels progress at three multidisciplinary neuroscience laboratories. The results presented here profile the research environments and information practices of active neuroscientists, and a working information‐seeking typology is introduced. New means of quantifying and visualizing data played a role in most of the breakthroughs reported by researchers, and interpreting new experimental findings in relation to previous research is a standard problem. Participants ranked information for solving instrumentation and technique problems as highly important, and a literature mining technique for searching PubMed (Arrowsmith) proved to be of value in their daily work. The mobility of information, a topic of much interest in scientific informatics, was a central theme in the case studies, but “boundary work” and the “newness” of information were also important factors in the discovery process.
Metadata practices and implications for federated collections
Authors: Palmer Carole L. , Knutson Ellen M. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractAs digital library development begins to focus on interoperability and collection federation, resource developers need to be concerned with contributing to national and international collections, while not losing sight of the needs of institutions and user communities. The Digital Collections and Content (DCC) project aims to provide integrated access to IMLS National Leadership Grant (NLG) digital collections through a centralized collection registry and metadata repository. While technical development proceeds on the repository, our research team is investigating how collections and items can best be represented to meet the needs of both service providers and diverse user communities. This paper presents results on metadata and collection representation practices based on survey data, interviews, and content analysis. Despite Dublin Core's prevalence and perceived ease of use, problems with field richness and consistency of application persist, in part because of the distinct cultures of description that have evolved in different kinds of cultural heritage institutions. Moreover, the concept of a digital collection is widely unsettled among resource developers. This has important implications for central repositories, if, as we hypothesize, the strategic foregrounding and back grounding of collection‐level metadata proves critical for navigation and interpretation of information in large‐scale federated collections.
Mapping the Chinese Science Citation Database
Authors: Leydesdorff Loet , Bihui Jin 
Published: September 2005

AbstractMethods developed for mapping the journal structures contained in aggregated journal‐journal citations in the Science Citation Index are applied to the Chinese Science Citation Database of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. This database covers 991 journals, of which only 37 had originally English titles. Using factoranalytical and graph‐analytical techniques we show that this data is dually structured. The main structure is the intellectual organization of the journals in journal groups (as in the international SCI), but the university‐based journals provide an institutional layer that orients this structure towards practical ends (e.g., agriculture). The Chinese Science Citation Database exhibits the characteristics of “Mode 2” in the production of scientific knowledge more than its western counterparts. The contexts of application lead to correlation (interfactorial complexity) among the components.
An integrated approach for the analysis of factors affecting journal citation impact in clinical neurology
Authors: Yue Weiping , Wilson Concepción S. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThis study continues to develop and test an integrated conceptual model of journal citation impact. The main objective is to obtain a more complete understanding of how and to what extent the external factors affect journal citation impact. Four external factors have been identified from previous studies: journal properties, journal accessibility, journal internationality and perceived journal quality. A conceptual model of journal citation impact is developed and a web‐based survey is conducted for obtaining information on the perceived journal quality. Structural equation modeling (SEN!) with partial least squares (PLS) is used to test the conceptual models with empirical data from 41 research journals in clinical neurology. Interrelationships among journal citation impact and the four external factors have been successfully explored. The results also suggest that, for an integrated conceptual model of journal citation impact, various citation indicators should be used.
MILP modelling for the time optimal control problem in the case of multiple targets
Authors: Mehne H. H. , Farahi M. H. , Kamyad A. V. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractOptimal guidance for a dynamical system from a given point to a set of targets is discussed. Detecting for the best target is done in such a way that the capture time is minimized and desirability of targets is maximized. By extending measure theoretical approach for the classical optimal control problem to this case, the nearly optimal control is constructed from the solution of a mixed integer linear programming problem. To find the lower bound of the optimal time a search algorithm is proposed. Numerical examples are also given. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Novel Organosilicon Source for Low Temperature Plasma Deposition of Silicon Nitride‐like Thin Films
Authors: Di Mundo Rosa , d'Agostino Riccardo , Fracassi Francesco , Palumbo Fabio 
Published: September 2005

AbstractSummary: This paper deals with the deposition of silicon nitride‐like films at low temperatures using radio frequency inductively coupled plasmas fed with bis(dimethylamino)dimethylsilane (BDMADMS) and argon (Ar). The effect of input power and BDMADMS‐to‐Ar ratio on the chemical composition of the deposited films has been investigated by means of Fourier transform infrared absorption spectroscopy (FT‐IRAS) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. The results indicate that at high input power and low monomer‐to‐Ar ratio, low carbon and high nitrogen content films, stable and with a refractive index of 1.87, can be obtained. Under the same experimental conditions, high carbon content silicon carbonitride coatings have been deposited from hexamethyldisilazane and Ar fed discharges.Normalized FT‐IR absorption spectra of films deposited in plasmas fed with BDMADMS‐Ar (ratio = 0.1) in comparison with the spectrum of a thermal SiNx film (HT‐SiN).magnified imageNormalized FT‐IR absorption spectra of films deposited in plasmas fed with BDMADMS‐Ar (ratio = 0.1) in comparison with the spectrum of a thermal SiNx film (HT‐SiN).
GaN heteroepitaxial growth on LiNbO3(0001) step substrates with AlN buffer layers
Authors: Tsuchiya Yousuke , Kobayashi Atsushi , Ohta Jitsuo , Fujioka Hiroshi , Oshima Masaharu 
Published: September 2005

AbstractWe grew GaN films on atomically‐flat LiNbO3 substrates incorporating low temperature AlN buffer layers by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) and investigated their structural properties. The full‐width‐at‐half maximum (FWHM) values of the XRD 11–24 rocking curves were reduced from 0.59° to 0.23° by the inclusion of the low temperature AlN buffer layers. The surface morphology was also improved by the insertion of the AlN buffer layers. These improvements in structural properties are quite consistent with the fact that the intermixed layer thickness at the heterointerface is reduced from 4 to 2 nm by the use of low temperature AlN. These results indicate that PLD growth on atomically‐flat substrates with AlN buffer layers is quite promising for preparing high quality GaN on LiNbO3 substrates. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Detection and characterization by high‐performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry of a goat β‐casein associated with a CSN2 null allele
Authors: Cunsolo Vincenzo , Galliano Francesco , Muccilli Vera , Saletti Rosaria , Marletta Donata , Bordonaro Salvatore , Foti Salvatore 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe identification and characterization of a truncated goat β‐casein, associated with a null β‐casein allele (CSN2O′), is reported. The truncated β‐casein predicted at the DNA level (NCBI Acc. No. CAB39313) but never observed at the protein level, here named β‐casein O, was detected as a minor component in a goat milk sample from an autochthonous breed from southern Italy, ‘Rossa Mediterranea’, by reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (RP‐HPLC/ESI‐MS). The ESI mass spectrum of the intact β‐casein O determined an Mr value of 18 780 Da (calculated 18 781.5). Characterization of the amino acid sequence, performed by coupling trypsin digestion with matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI‐MS), RP‐HPLC/ESI‐MS and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), demonstrated that the amino acid sequence corresponds to the 1–166 sequence of mature β‐casein variant A (Acc. No. P33048), thus confirming that the protein is coded by the null allele CSN2O′, characterized by a transition (C → T) at the 373rd nucleotide of the 7th exon of the gene, which generates a premature stop codon in position 182. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Principles and applications of control in quantum systems
Authors: Mabuchi Hideo , Khaneja Navin 
Published: September 2005

AbstractWe describe in this article some key themes that emerged during a Caltech/AFOSR Workshop on ‘Principles and Applications of Control in Quantum Systems’ (PRACQSYS), held 21–24 August 2004 at the California Institute of Technology. This workshop brought together engineers, physicists and applied mathematicians to construct an overview of new challenges that arise when applying constitutive methods of control theory to nanoscale systems whose behaviour is manifestly quantum. Its primary conclusions were that the number of experimentally accessible quantum control systems is steadily growing (with a variety of motivating applications), that appropriate formal perspectives enable straightforward application of the essential ideas of classical control to quantum systems, and that quantum control motivates extensive study of model classes that have previously received scant consideration. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modelling, identification, and control of a spherical particle trapped in an optical tweezer
Authors: Ranaweera A. , Bamieh B. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractWe provide an introduction to modelling, identification, and control of a spherical particle trapped in an optical tweezer. The main purpose is to analyse the properties of an optical tweezer from a control systems point of view. By representing the non‐inertial dynamics of a trapped particle using a stochastic differential equation, we discuss probability distributions and compute first mean exit times. Within the linear trapping region, experimentally measured mean passage times for a 9.6‐µm diameter polystyrene bead show close agreement with theoretical calculations. We apply a recursive least squares method to a trapped 9.6‐µm diameter polystyrene bead to study the possibility of obtaining faster calibrations of characteristic frequency. We also compare the performance of proportional control, LQG control, and nonlinear control to reduce fluctuations in particle position due to thermal noise. Assuming a cubic trapping force, we use computer simulations to demonstrate that the nonlinear controller can reduce position variance by a factor of 65 for a 1‐µm diameter polystyrene bead under typical conditions. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Toward controlling dielectrophoresis
Authors: Chang Dong Eui , Petit Nicolas 
Published: September 2005

AbstractDielectrophoresis is the motion of a particle due to the interaction between a non‐uniform electric field and its induced dipole moment in the particle. With the advent of the fabrication technology at micro/nano‐scale, dielectrophoresis is actively applied in manipulating, separating, and characterizing micro/nano‐sized particles such as DNA, cells, proteins, nanotubes and nanoparticles. In this paper we introduce control engineers to dielectrophoresis by suggesting several possible research topics and performing a case study: a time‐optimal control of a dielectrophoretic system with a state constraint. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessment of reproductive status and ovulation in female brown kiwi (Apteryx mantelli) using fecal steroids and ovarian follicle size
Authors: Jensen T. , Durrant B. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractDespite being listed as endangered on the IUCN (World Conservation Union) red list [BirdLife International 2005], and intense conservation efforts on its behalf, little is known about the reproductive physiology of the brown kiwi (Apteryx mantelli). This study therefore was undertaken to describe ovarian function in brown kiwi using noninvasive methods that can be utilized in the field. This study describes a simple method for extraction and detection of steroid metabolites in brown kiwi feces by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Average fecal steroid hormone metabolite concentrations were derived from 10 egg‐lay cycles in 2 hens. Testosterone began to increase between 23 and 18 days before oviposition (−23d to −18d) and remained elevated until just before oviposition. Estradiol rose from −28d to −13d and remained elevated until 12 days after oviposition. Progesterone exhibited an increase of short duration from −8d to +7d with a peak at −3d. Ovarian follicle growth rate was determined by serial ultrasound measurements of follicles in three habituated female kiwi. Follicle growth rate was described by the formula y=132.54e0.0569x (y=follicle diameter, x=days before oviposition). Follicles ranged in size from 10 to 76 mm. Day of ovulation was estimated using egg yolk size, follicle growth curve, and day of oviposition. This yielded an ovulation‐oviposition cycle length of 7–10 days, significantly shorter than the only other estimate of 16–17 days derived using body weights of a single kiwi hen. The correlation of fecal steroid hormone concentrations with follicle growth provides new insight into the reproductive physiology of the female brown kiwi. Zoo Biol 0:1–10, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The effect of land management on plant community composition, species diversity, and productivity of alpine Kobersia steppe meadow
Authors: Wang Wenying , Wang Qiji , Wang Huichun 
Published: September 2005

AbstractGrassland degradation is widespread and severe on the Tibet Plateau. To explore management approaches for sustainable development of degraded and restored ecosystems, we studied the effect of land degradation on species composition, species diversity, and vegetation productivity, and examined the relative influence of various rehabilitation practices (two seeding treatments and a non‐seeded natural recovery treatment) on community structure and vegetation productivity in early secondary succession. The results showed: (1) All sedge and grass species of the natural steppe meadow had disappeared from the severely degraded land. The above‐ground and root biomass of severely degraded land were only 38 and 14.7%, respectively, of those of the control. So, the original ecosystem has been dramatically altered by land degradation on alpine steppe meadow. (2) Seeding measures may promote above‐ground biomass, particularly grass biomass, and ground cover. Except for the grasses seeded, however, other grass and sedge species did not occur after seeding treatments in the sixth year of seeding. Establishment of grasses during natural recovery treatment progressed slowly compared with during seeding treatments. Many annual forbs invaded and established during the 6 years of natural recovery. In addition, there was greater diversity after natural recovery treatment than after seeding treatments. (3) The above‐ground biomass after seeding treatment and natural recovery treatment were 114 and 55%, respectively, of that of the control. No significant differences in root biomass occurred among the natural recovery and seeded treatments. Root biomass after rehabilitation treatment was 23–31% that of the control.
A generalized Lucas sequence and permutation binomials
Authors: Akbary Amir , Wang Qiang 
Published: September 2005

Let

p
p

be an odd prime and

q
=

p
m

q=p^m

. Let

l
l

be an odd positive integer. Let

p
≡
−
1

(

mod

l
)

p\equiv -1~(\textrm {mod}~l)

or

p
≡
1

(

mod

l
)

p\equiv 1~(\textrm {mod}~l)

and

l
∣
m

l\mid m

. By employing the integer sequence

a
n

=

∑

t
=
1

l
−
1

2

(
2
cos
⁡

π
(
2
t
−
1
)

l

)

n

\displaystyle {a_n=\sum _{t=1}^{\frac {l-1}{2}} {\left (2\cos {\frac {\pi (2t-1)}{l}}\right )}^n}

, which can be considered as a generalized Lucas sequence, we construct all the permutation binomials

P
(
x
)
=

x
r

+

x
u

P(x)=x^r+x^u

of the finite field

F

q

\mathbb {F}_q

.
Evolution of trade patterns in the new EU member states
Authors: Zaghini Andrea 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe paper analyses the evolution of the trade specialization pattern in the new EU member states. Relying on the empirical approach of the Markov transition matrices it analyses both the changes in the external shape of the distribution of comparative advantages and the intra‐distribution dynamics. The new members show a dynamic trade pattern: they gained comparative advantages relatively fast in sectors in which they were lagging behind at the beginning of the transition, notably in some ‘high tech’ products. In addition, many specialization improvements occurred in those items for which world demand expanded at the fastest rate over the nineties.
Managerial pay and executive turnover in the Czech and Slovak Republics*
Authors: Eriksson Tor 
Published: September 2005

AbstractDespite the crucial role played by managers in changing the functioning of labour markets in transition economies, research on the determinants of executive pay and CEO turnover in these countries is almost non‐existent. The current paper aims to add to this minuscule literature. For this purpose I make use of a unique dataset containing relevant firm–manager information from the Czech and Slovak Republics in the late nineties. This allows me to examine the influence of individual and in particular firm characteristics, such as, size, ownership type, industry and region, as well as corporate performance on chief executive compensation levels and changes therein and on the extent of executive turnover.
The choice of exchange rate regime: An empirical analysis for transition economies*
Authors: Hagen Jürgen von , Zhou Jizhong 
Published: September 2005

AbstractWe analyze the choice of exchange rate regimes of the 25 transition economies in Europe and the CIS after 1990. The empirical results show that the traditional Optimum Currency Area considerations provide relevant guidance for the regime choices in these countries. Moreover, regime choices are influenced by inflation rates, cumulative inflation differentials, and international reserves sufficiency. That is, macroeconomic stabilization and the ability to commit to exchange rate pegs also play important roles. Large government deficits have ambiguous effects; they increase the likelihood of moving from flexible to intermediate regimes as well as that of moving from fixed to intermediate ones.
How progressive are indirect taxes in Russia?
Authors: Decoster André 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe interplay of a differentiated indirect tax structure and the variation in expenditure patterns across households leads to a possibly unequal distribution of indirect tax liabilities across the population. This paper uses the ninth round of the RLMS survey to assess the distributional consequences of the two major components of the Russian indirect tax system: VAT and excise taxes. According to the Kakwani index, the global indirect system can be considered to be progressive overall. Decomposition into constituent terms shows that this is due not only to a progressive VAT structure, but also to progressive excise taxes. This result is partly explained by the progressivity of the excise tax on car fuel, but is also sensitive to peculiarities in the data about alcohol consumption.
Real assets, financial assets, liquidity and the lemon problem
Authors: Singh Gurbachan 
Published: September 2005

AbstractReturn obtained by diversification is based on average quality. Similarly, under asymmetric information, the price at which an asset can be sold reflects the average quality of assets. Therefore, 4under some conditions, sale of an asset under asymmetric information is a useful alternative to diversification. This idea is developed with a model that incorporates a liquidity shock. One key result is that investment in real assets is higher under asymmetric information than under symmetric information. The model can explain why the ratio of real assets to financial assets is higher in emerging economies than in developed countries.
Erythrocyte adhesion is modified by alterations in cellular tonicity and volume
Authors: Wandersee Nancy J. , Punzalan Rowena C. , Rettig Michael P. , Kennedy Michael D. , Pajewski Nicholas M. , Sabina Richard L. , Paul Scott J. , Low Philip S. , Hillery Cheryl A. 
Published: September 2005

SummaryWe tested the hypothesis that dehydration‐induced alterations in red blood cell (RBC) membrane organisation or composition contribute to sickle cell adhesion in sickle cell disease (SCD). To examine the role of RBC hydration in adhesion to the subendothelial matrix protein thrombospondin‐1 (TSP), normal and sickle RBCs were incubated in buffers of varying tonicity and tested for adhesion to immobilised TSP under flow conditions. Sickle RBCs exhibited a decrease in TSP binding with increasing cell hydration (P < 0·005), suggesting that cellular dehydration may contribute to TSP adhesion. Consistent with this hypothesis, normal RBCs showed an increase in TSP adhesion with increasing dehydration (P < 0·01). Furthermore, increased TSP adhesion of normal RBCs could also be induced by isotonic dehydration using nystatin‐sucrose buffers. Finally, TSP adhesion of both sickle RBCs and dehydrated normal RBCs was inhibited by the anionic polysaccharides, chondroitin sulphate A and high molecular weight dextran sulphate, but not by competitors of CD47‐, band 3‐, or RBC phosphatidylserine‐mediated adhesion. More importantly, we found increased adhesion of nystatin‐sucrose dehydrated normal mouse RBCs to kidney capillaries following re‐infusion in vivo. In summary, these findings demonstrate that changes in hydration can significantly impact adhesion, causing normal erythrocytes to display adhesive properties similar to those of sickle cells and vice versa.