bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Panchromatic (Sub)millimeter polarization observations of HL Tau unveil aligned scattering grains
Authors: Lin Zhe-Yu Daniel , Li Zhi-Yun , Stephens Ian W , Fernández-López Manuel , Carrasco-González Carlos , Chandler Claire J , Pasetto Alice , Looney Leslie W , Yang Haifeng , Harrison Rachel E , Sadavoy Sarah I , Henning Thomas , Hughes A Meredith , Kataoka Akimasa , Kwon Woojin , Muto Takayuki , Segura-Cox Dominique 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
Polarization is a unique tool to study the dust grains of protoplanetary discs. Polarization around HL Tau was previously imaged using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) at Bands 3 (3.1 mm), 6 (1.3 mm), and 7 (0.87 mm), showing that the polarization orientation changes across wavelength λ. Polarization at Band 7 is predominantly parallel to the disc minor axis but appears azimuthally oriented at Band 3, with the morphology at Band 6 in between the two. We present new ∼0.2 arcsec (29 au) polarization observations at Q-Band (7.0 mm) using the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) and at Bands 4 (2.1 mm), 5 (1.5 mm), and 7 using ALMA, consolidating HL Tau’s position as the protoplanetary disc with the most complete wavelength coverage in dust polarization. The polarization patterns at Bands 4 and 5 follow the previously identified morphological transition with wavelength. From the azimuthal variation, we decompose the polarization into contributions from scattering (s) and thermal emission (t). s decreases slowly with increasing λ, and t increases more rapidly which are expected from optical depth effects of toroidally aligned scattering prolate grains. The weak λ dependence of s is inconsistent with the simplest case of Rayleigh scattering by small grains in the optically thin limit but can be affected by factors such as optical depth, disc substructure, and dust porosity. The sparse polarization detections from the Q-band image are also consistent with toroidally aligned prolate grains.
Accretion and obscuration in merger-dominated luminous red quasars
Authors: Glikman Eilat , LaMassa Stephanie , Piconcelli Enrico , Zappacosta Luca , Lacy Mark 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
We present an analysis of the X-ray properties of 10 luminous, dust-reddened quasars from the FIRST-2MASS (F2M) survey based on new and archival Chandra observations. These systems are interpreted to be young, transitional objects predicted by merger-driven models of quasar/galaxy co-evolution. The sources have been well studied from the optical through mid-infrared, have Eddington ratios above 0.1, and possess high-resolution imaging, most of which shows disturbed morphologies indicative of a recent or ongoing merger. When combined with previous X-ray studies of five other F2M red quasars, we find that the sources, especially those hosted by mergers, have moderate-to-high column densities (NH ≃ 1022.5–23.5 cm−2) and Eddington ratios high enough to enable radiation pressure to blow out the obscuring material. We confirm previous findings that red quasars have dust-to-gas ratios that are significantly lower than the value for the Milky Way’s interstellar medium, especially when hosted by a merger. The dust-to-gas ratio for two red quasars that lack evidence for merging morphology is consistent with the Milky Way and they do not meet the radiative feedback conditions for blow-out. These findings support the picture of quasar/galaxy co-evolution in which a merger results in feeding of and feedback from an AGN. We compare the F2M red quasars to other obscured and reddened quasar populations in the literature, finding that, although morphological information is lacking, nearly all such samples meet blow-out conditions and exhibit outflow signatures suggestive of winds and feedback.
Disposition of glycolic acid into the embryo following oral administration of ethylene glycol during placentation in the rat and rabbit
Authors: Moore Nigel P , Bogaards Jan J P , Buscher Brigitte A P , Wolterbeek André P M , Cnubben Nicole H P 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In order to evaluate the role of the placenta in the etiology of ethylene glycol (EG) developmental toxicity, the distribution of EG and its main metabolites, glycolic acid (GA) and oxalic acid (OX), into the conceptus was determined at the beginning and completion of placentation in the rat and rabbit. Two groups (n = 28) of timed-pregnant Wistar rats were administered EG (1000 mg/kg bw/day, oral gavage) from gestation day (GD) 6 to either GD 11 or GD 16; similarly, two groups (n = 28) of timed-pregnant New Zealand White rabbits were administered EG from GD 6 to either GD 10 or GD 19. Four animals from each group were sacrificed at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, or 24 h after the final administration, and maternal blood, extraembryonic fluid, and embryonic tissue were removed for analysis of EG, GA, and OX. The three analytes were predominantly cleared from all compartments in both species within 24 h. Neither EG nor OX preferentially accumulated into the conceptus compartments, compared with the maternal blood, in either species. Critically, GA was preferentially accumulated from the maternal blood only into the rat embryo at GD 11, but not at GD 16 and not into the rabbit embryo at either GD 10 or GD 19. The accumulation of GA into the rat embryo, and its decline over the course of placentation, is discussed in relation to the expression of monocarboxylate transporter isoforms across the syncytiotrophoblast.
Radiologic and Clinical Evaluation of Posterolateral Versus Transforaminal Interbody Fusion in Degenerative Lumbar Spondylolisthesis
Authors: McDonald James , Al-Jahdali Fares , Urquhart Jennifer , Alahmari Abdulmajeed , Rampersaud Raja , Fisher Charles , Bailey Chris , Glennie Andrew 
Published: January 2024

Study Design:
Retrospective cohort study.

Objective:
The primary objective is to compare foraminal height (FH) and disk height (DH) differences in posterolateral (PLF) and transforaminal interbody fusions (TLIFs) and secondarily correlate these measurements with patient-reported outcomes.

Background:
The impact FH has on patient outcomes in degenerative lumbar spinal fusion surgery is unknown. Postoperative FH change and how it relates to patient-reported outcomes in posteriorly based procedures has not been well evaluated.

Methods:
A retrospective review of a subset of patients from a prospective cohort from the Canadian Spine Outcomes and Research Network was undertaken. Radiographic assessment preoperatively, at 3 months and 1 year, with standing lumbar spine radiographs were completed. FH and DH were recorded at each time interval, differences between groups were compared, and correlations with patient-reported outcomes were assessed.

Results:
One hundred nine patients were included (23 PLF and 86 TLIF). At 3-month follow-up, the change in FH was greater in the TLIF group (mean difference =2.3; 95% CI: 0.8–3.5, P=0.002). The change in FH remained significantly different at 12 months (mean difference=1.6, 95% CI: 0.2, 3.0 mm, P=0.028). The change in DH was greater in the TLIF group, with a mean difference between groups of 4.1 mm (95% CI: 2.5, 5.7, P<0.001) and 3.6 mm (95% CI: 2.0, 5.3, P<0.001). A positive change in FH correlated with less back pain, less disability, and improved physical function in the TLIF group (P<0.05).

Conclusions:
Patients treated with PLF lost FH over time. An increased difference in FH at 1 year was associated with improved function and less back pain in the TLIF group.
Factors Associated With Healthcare Clinician Stress and Resilience: A Scoping Review
Authors: Usset Timothy J. , Stratton R. Greg , Knapp Sarah , Schwartzman Gabrielle , Yadav Sunil K. , Schaefer Benjamin J. , Harris J. Irene , Fitchett George 
Published: January 2024

Goal:
Clinician stress and resilience have been the subjects of significant research and interest in the past several decades. We aimed to understand the factors that contribute to clinician stress and resilience in order to appropriately guide potential interventions.

Methods:
We conducted a scoping review (n = 42) of published reviews of research on clinician distress and resilience using the methodology of Peters and colleagues (2020). Our team examined these reviews using the National Academy of Medicine's framework for clinician well-being and resilience.

Principal Findings:
We found that organizational factors, learning/practice environment, and healthcare responsibilities were three of the top four factors identified in the reviews as contributing to clinician distress. Learning/practice environment and organizational factors were two of the top four factors identified in the reviews as contributing to their resilience.

Practical Applications:
Clinicians continue to face numerous external challenges that complicate their work. Further research, practice, and policy changes are indicated to improve practice environments for healthcare clinicians. Healthcare leaders need to promote resources for organizational and system-level changes to improve clinician well-being.
Racial and Ethnic Differences in Heroin, Methamphetamine, and Cocaine Use, Treatment, and Mortality Trends in 3 National Data Sources—United States, 2010-2019
Authors: Shearer Riley D. , Segel Joel E. , Howell Benjamin A. , Jones Abenaa A. , Khatri Utsha G. , Teixeira da Silva Daniel , Vest Noel , Winkelman Tyler N.A. 
Published: January 2024

Background:As overdose deaths continue to rise, public health officials need comprehensive surveillance data to design effective prevention, harm reduction, and treatment strategies. Disparities across race and ethnicity groups, as well as trends in substance use, treatment, or overdose deaths, have been examined individually, but reports rarely compare findings across multiple substances or data sources.Objective:To provide a broad assessment of the overdose crisis, we describe trends in substance use, treatment, and overdose mortality across racial and ethnic groups for multiple substances.Research Design:We conducted a longitudinal, cross-sectional analysis comparing trends.Subjects:We identified self-reported use from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, substance use treatment admissions from the Treatment Episode Data Set-Admissions, and overdose deaths from the CDC’s Multiple Cause of Death files.Measures:We measured rates of substance use, treatment, and deaths involving heroin, methamphetamine, and cocaine among United States adults from 2010 to 2019.Results:Heroin, methamphetamine, and cocaine use increased, though not all changes were statistically significant. Treatment admissions indicating heroin and methamphetamine increased while admissions indicating cocaine decreased. Overdose deaths increased among all groups: methamphetamine (257%–1,115%), heroin (211%–577%), and cocaine (88%–259%). Changes in rates of use, treatment, and death for specific substances varied by racial and ethnic group.Conclusions:Substance use, treatment, and overdose mortality changed considerably, though not always equivalently. Identifying diverging trends in substance-related measures for specific substances and racial and ethnic groups can inform targeted investment in treatment to reduce disparities and respond to emerging changes in the overdose crisis.
Impact of Medical Training Programs on Time-to-Fill Physician Vacancies at the Veterans Health Administration
Authors: Li Yufei , Legler Aaron , Tenso Kertu , Garrido Melissa , Pizer Steven 
Published: January 2024

Background:
The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) provides the largest Graduate Medical Education (GME) training platform for health professionals in the United States. Studies on the impact of VA GME programs on physician recruitment were lacking.

Objectives:
To examine the impact of the size of residency training programs at a VA facility on the facility’s time-to-fill physician vacancies, and whether the impact differs by the socioeconomic deprivation and public school quality of the geographic area.

Project Design:
We constructed an instrumental variable for training program size by interacting the facility clinicians share with the total training allocation nationally.

Subjects:
Our evaluation used national data on filled physician vacancies in the VA that were posted between 2020 and 2021.

Measures:
The outcome evaluated was time-to-fill physician vacancies. Our explanatory variable was the facility-year level number of physician residency slots.

Results:
For positions posted in 2020, an increase of one training slot was significantly associated with a decrease of 1.33 days to fill physician vacancies (95% CI, 0.38–2.28) in facilities in less deprived areas, a decrease of 1.50 days (95% CI, 0.75–2.25) in facilities with better public schools, a decrease of 3.30 days (95% CI, 0.85–5.76) in facilities in both less deprived areas and better public schools. We found similar results for positions posted in 2020 and 2021 when limiting time-to-fill to <500 days.

Conclusions:
We found that increasing the size of the residency program at a VA facility could decrease the facility’s time-to-fill vacant physician positions in places with less socioeconomic deprivation or better public schools.
Knee replacement surgery in a patient with acquired von Willebrand disease: a case study with recommendations for patient management
Authors: Álvarez Román María Teresa , Rivas Pollmar María Isabel , De la Corte-Rodríguez Hortensia , Gómez-Cardero Primitivo , Rodríguez-Merchán E. Carlos , Gutiérrez-Alvariño Mar , García-Pérez Eduardo , Martín-Salces Mónica , Zagrean Damaris , Butta-Coll Nora V. , Jiménez-Yuste Víctor 
Published: January 2024

Introduction and importance:
Acquired von Willebrand disease (AvWD) is a rare underdiagnosed bleeding disorder caused by alterations in the levels of the major blood-clotting protein von Willebrand factor (vWF). The clinical and laboratory parameters of AvWD are similar to congenital vWD, but it is found in individuals with no positive family history with no underlying genetic basis. The disease remains multifactorial and incompletely understood. Proposed mechanisms include the development of autoantibodies to vWF, absorption of high molecular weight vWF multimers that impair normal function, shear stress induced vWF cleavage and increased proteolysis.
The aetiology of the disease is variable, the most common being hematoproliferation, lymophoproliferation, myeloproliferation and autoimmune and cardiovascular disorders. Consensus and protocols for AvWD patients that require major surgery are currently lacking. Patients with AvWD can experience thrombotic events during surgery as a result of therapeutic interactions with pro-thrombotic risk factors.

Case presentation:
Here, the authors report a patient with AvWD requiring a knee prosthesis implantation due to chronic pain, limited range of motion and functional impairment. The patient had a high risk of bleeding during surgery and was at risk of thrombosis due to age and obesity.

Clinical discussion:
Perioperative care required a collaborative approach and the management of bleeding. The patient was administered vWF concentrate Willfact lacking Factor VIII to prevent haemorrhage and to minimize the risk of thrombosis.

Conclusion:
The treatment was effective and well-tolerated. The authors use this information to provide recommendations for AvWD patients for whom major surgery is indicated.
The AIDS Epidemic Model 2023 for Estimating HIV Trends and Transmission Dynamics in Asian Epidemic Settings
Authors: Brown Tim , Peerapatanapokin Wiwat , Siripong Nalyn , Puckett Robert 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Thirteen Asian countries use the AIDS Epidemic Model (AEM) as their HIV model of choice. This article describes AEM, its inputs, and its application to national modeling.

Setting:
AEM is an incidence tool used by Spectrum for the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS global estimates process.

Methods:
AEM simulates transmission of HIV among key populations (KPs) using measured trends in risk behaviors. The inputs, structure and calculations, interface, and outputs of AEM are described. The AEM process includes (1) collating and synthesizing data on KP risk behaviors, epidemiology, and size to produce model input trends; (2) calibrating the model to observed HIV prevalence; (3) extracting outputs by KP to describe epidemic dynamics and assist in improving responses; and (4) importing AEM incidence into Spectrum for global estimates. Recent changes to better align AEM mortality with Spectrum and add preexposure prophylaxis are described.

Results:
The application of AEM in Thailand is presented, describing the outputs and uses in-country. AEM replicated observed epidemiological trends when given observed behavioral inputs. The strengths and limitations of AEM are presented and used to inform thoughts on future directions for global models.

Conclusions:
AEM captures regional HIV epidemiology well and continues to evolve to meet country and global process needs. The addition of time-varying mortality and progression parameters has improved the alignment of the key population compartmental model of AEM with the age–sex-structured national model of Spectrum. Many of the features of AEM, including tracking the sources of infections over time, should be incorporated in future global efforts to build more generalizable models to guide policy and programs.
New Graduate Nurse Residency: Taking Rehabilitation Nurses’ Transition to Practice to a New Level
Authors: Pfeifer Pamela B. , Desai Antonette Marie , Stevens Kathleen A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIt began with a challenge from our Chief Nursing Officer. As a Magnet hospital, it was time for our nurse residency program to be recognized as an accredited program for new graduate nurses. This article shares our experience using the Association of Rehabilitation Nurses competency statements in a creative way when applying for recognition as the first American Nurses Credentialing Center-accredited specialty hospital nurse residency program. Although these competency statements were used initially to meet the requirements of the accreditation application process, they also led to the creation of a document that serves two purposes. First, it can be used to instruct new graduate nurses on the structure and processes of a nurse residency program in which competency statements are used to guide curriculum development. Second, it can be used to inform nurse residency program managers on new graduate nurses’ progress throughout the nurse residency program by tracking competency completion. The end result of this accredited program is a new graduate nurse who understands not only what it means to be a nurse but also what it means to be a rehabilitation specialty nurse.
An ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter Gene Links Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses
Authors: Wilcox Sara M. , Arora Hitesh , Choi Kyung Bok , Kari Suresh , Munro Lonna , Pfeifer Cheryl G. , Jefferies Wilfred A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPositive-strand RNA viruses and DNA viruses generate double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) during their replication processes and innate immune responses against viral infections are orchestrated by numerous interferon-stimulating genes, yet the detailed coordination of downstream signaling of anti-viral immune responses is not fully understood. Recent studies suggest 2’-5’- Oligoadenylate Synthetase 1 (OAS1) may have a protective role in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections; however, the mechanism regulating OAS1 remains uninvestigated. Our aim is to understand the regulation of OAS1 and its modulation of RNaseL activity, as this has significant implications for responses to RNA viruses, including Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and SARS-CoV-2. We explore the hypothesis that ABCF1 an ATP-binding cassette family member protein, a key regulator of innate immune responses and macrophage polarization and cytokine storm, play a role in regulating the antiviral responses and downstream dsRNA signaling revealed by measuring responses to the synthetic dsRNA analog termed poly (I:C). We utilize ABCF1 haplo-insufficient mice to discover that ABCF1 modulates the amplitude and frequency of VSV-specific Cytolytic T lymphocyte in anti-viral immune responses and suggests that innate immune responses underpin this process. To understand this mechanism, we describe that ABCF1 interacts with 2’-5’-oligoadenylate synthetase 1 (OAS1) which in turn modulates essential proteins that leads to the modulation of RNaseL activity via ABCE1. Furthermore, we find that ABCF1 also influences the production of interferon-α (IFN-α) and interferon-β (IFN-β) in bone marrow-derived macrophages. Overall,, we unexpectedly discovered that ABCF1 acts as a crucial link between innate and adaptive immunity, regulating the development of adaptive Cytolytic T lymphocyte responses and interacting with OAS1, a key regulator of innate immune responses against viral infections. Exploring pharmacological agents that target ABCE1 or ABCF1 may lead to the discovery of novel modalities for countering SARS CoV-2 and other viruses where OAS1 is a crucial innate immune response gene.
Self-Supervised Electrocardiograph De-noising
Authors: Liu Xiaobo , Yan Jiadong , Huang Yisen , Wang Yubin , Lin Chanchan , Huang Yingxuan , Liu Xiaoqiang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe electrocardiogram (ECG) records heart-beats and is potentially life-saving. However, the ECG signals (e.g., recorded by the standard ECG monitoring system or the Holter ECG monitoring system) heavily suffered from the noises. Thus, the recorded signals involve meaningful cardiac deflections, other biological waves (e.g., caused by the muscle or electrode movements), and even some noises from the monitoring devices (e.g., the power cables). These noise sources would result in inaccurate analyses of cardiac diseases, thus requiring the ECG de-noising methods in data pre-processing phase before the diagnoses. Previous work provided various ECG de-noising approaches, typically based on some filter algorithms or some wave decomposition algorithms. Most of these approaches did not profoundly consider the ECG signals’ specific data structure, and were not adaptive to the signals recorded by various devices or different skin electrodes. Inspired by the ECG recording theory, we find it available to extract noise information from noisy ECG signals directly. We propose a new ECG de-noising method implemented by the neural network, which de-noise the ECG signals without the supervision of the clean signals. The procedure in the self-supervision is straightforward: we first estimate and simulate the noise signals according to the given noisy ECG signals, and then “subtract” the simulated noises to obtain the de-noised ECG signals by the neural network. Experiments on a public dataset verify that our approach is adaptive to ECG signals from different patients and devices. Also, it is proven that the classification on the ECG signals de-noised by the proposed de-noising methods outperforms those with the traditional de-noising methods.