bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Guidelines and practice of breastfeeding in women living with HIV—Results from the European INSURE survey
Authors: Keane A. , Lyons F. , Aebi‐Popp K. , Feiterna‐Sperling C. , Lyall H. , Martínez Hoffart A. , Scherpbier H. , Thorne C. , Albayrak Ucak H. , Haberl A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionAntiretroviral therapy (ART) is integral to HIV prevention, including averting vertical transmission. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends ART and breastfeeding for all women living with HIV for at least 12 months post‐partum [1, 2]. Much of the data on HIV transmission through breastfeeding comes from low‐resource settings, with a paucity of data on breastfeeding‐related HIV transmission in women living with HIV in other settings. Women Against Viruses in Europe (WAVE), part of the European AIDS Clinical Society (EACS), aims to improve the standard of care for women living with HIV and sought to gain an understanding of breastfeeding guidelines and practice in women living with HIV across Europe.MethodsA steering group convened by WAVE developed a survey to collate information on breastfeeding trends, practice, and guideline recommendations for women living with HIV in Europe and to establish interest in becoming involved in a collaborative breastfeeding network. The survey was disseminated to 31 countries in March 2022.ResultsIn total, 25 eligible responses were received: 23/25 (92%) countries have HIV and pregnancy guidelines; 23/23 (100%) guidelines refer specifically to breastfeeding; 12/23 (52%) recommend against breastfeeding; 11/23 (48%) offer an option if certain criteria are met; 12/25 (48%) reported that the number of women living with HIV who breastfeed is increasing; 24/25 (96%) respondents were interested in joining a network on breastfeeding in women living with HIV.ConclusionsRecommendations vary, and nearly half of the guidelines recommend against breastfeeding. Many countries report an increase in breastfeeding. WAVE will establish a collaborative network to bridge data gaps, conduct research, and improve support for women living with HIV who choose to breastfeed.
Impact of screening programme to prevent anal cancer in high‐risk patients with HIV
Authors: Leclerc Eloïse , Jacomet Christine , Siproudhis Laurent , Abramowitz Laurent , Pereira Bruno , Buisson Anthony 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionWe assessed the impact of a nationwide screening programme to reduce the risk of anal cancer in a large cohort of high‐risk patients with HIV.MethodsFrom a large database from one referral centre, all high‐risk patients with HIV (men who have sex with men, history of anal or genital warts, or previous cervix human papillomavirus‐related lesions) who were eligible to enter the French anal cancer screening programme (2011–2020) were retrospectively included. Adherence to the screening programme was defined as no interval >18 months between two visits. Standardized management included perianal visualization and standard anoscopy with biopsies of macroscopic abnormalities.ResultsOverall, 700 patients with HIV were included (median follow‐up 8.4 years [interquartile range 4.3–9.2] and 1491.6 patient‐years), and 336 had one or more proctology visit. A total of 13 patients were diagnosed with anal squamous cell carcinomas. The risk of anal cancer was higher with anal intra‐epithelial neoplasia grade 3 (AIN3; hazard ratio [HR] 44.5 [95% confidence interval {CI} 11.2–176.6], p < 0.001), AIN2 (HR 11.9 [95% CI 2.1–66.9], p = 0.005), or high‐grade dysplasia (HR 23.4 [95% CI 7.9–69.1], p < 0.001) than with low‐grade dysplasia or no lesion. Among the patients who were strictly adherent to the screening programme (4.6% [32/700]), we did not report any AIN or anal cancer, but we also did not observe any significant reduction in the risk of anal cancer (p = 0.51), AIN3 (p = 0.28), high‐grade dysplasia (p = 0.19), or any AIN lesions (p = 0.10) compared with non‐adherent patients. In contrast, screened patients were more likely to be diagnosed with anal warts (HR 3.71 [95% CI 2.14–6.42], p < 0.001).ConclusionMacroscopic high‐grade dysplasia lesions are associated with a higher risk of developing anal cancer. Despite finding no cases of cancer during the screening programme, we also did not demonstrate a clear benefit from our screening programme for the prevention of anal cancer in high‐risk patients with HIV.
Effects of speaker types and L1 backgrounds on the linguistic complexity of learners’ writing
Authors: Wang Hui , Wang Gui , Wang Nan , Wang Li 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study investigated the differences in linguistic complexity between different types of English users, including native speakers (NS), English as a foreign language (EFL) learners, and English as a second language (ESL) learners in terms of Kolmogorov complexity. Furthermore, we explored how first language backgrounds affect linguistic complexity. Our dataset contains 2272 argumentative essays produced by English NSs and upper‐intermediate learners from four ESL and six EFL countries/regions. Results showed that significant differences existed between the writings of NS, EFL, and ESL regarding overall and syntactic complexity. Specifically, the rank of overall complexity (NS > ESL > EFL) indicates that learners from countries/regions with higher exposure to English tend to produce overall more complex writings. Concerning syntactic complexity, EFL learners produce the most complex writings, while NS produces the least complex, indicating that essays written by EFL learners contain the most fixed word order patterns. In contrast, no significant difference was detected in morphological complexity among the NS, ESL, and EFL groups, suggesting that native and upper‐intermediate non‐NSs exhibit a similar range of morphological forms in their writings. Additionally, our results showed a larger effect of first language backgrounds over English speaker types on linguistic complexity, thus informing teachers to implement targeted writing instructions for learners from different countries.
Spesolimab: a comprehensive review on the anti‐IL‐36 receptor antibody in dermatology
Authors: Palaniappan Vijayasankar , Gopinath Hima , Murthy Aravind B. , Radhakrishnan Suganya , Karthikeyan Kaliaperumal 
Published: November 2023

AbstractInterleukin‐36 (IL‐36) cytokines contribute to the pathogenesis of various inflammatory skin conditions and are potential therapeutic targets. Spesolimab is a monoclonal antibody that inhibits IL‐36 signaling recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the management of generalized pustular psoriasis flares in adults. Clinical trials are evaluating the efficacy of this monoclonal antibody in a few other dermatological conditions. Here, this review comprehensively summarizes the safety and efficacy of spesolimab treatment in various dermatological conditions.
Food safety culture and climate prevailing in micro and small food manufacturing enterprises in Mauritius and Rodrigues
Authors: Joomun Aishah B. Z. , Wallace Carol A. , Aumjaud Badroonesha , Ramful‐Baboolall Deena 
Published: November 2023

SummaryFood safety culture and climate are strong elements of food safety performance. This study describes a mixed‐methods approach to assess prevailing food safety knowledge, attitudes, practices, culture and climate in micro and small food manufacturing businesses in Mauritius. The approach included participant observation, questionnaire‐based surveys and checklists, and was adopted to collect data from six managers/owners and thirty‐six employees in six businesses. Results showed that food handlers had satisfactory knowledge in some aspects of food hygiene and safety. Mean scores of specific food safety climate indicators for employees diverged from the corresponding values for managers. Inconsistencies were observed in food safety culture maturity scores computed from survey data (quantitative), which were higher than related scores obtained from participatory observation (qualitative). This discrepancy underlines the importance of triangulation methods and the necessity to establish appropriate weightings for data obtained from different methods to gain an overall assessment of food safety culture. The results provide concrete input to develop tailor‐made interventions to improve knowledge, attitudes and practices of employees and managers, and promote positive food safety cultures. Further research is needed to design theory‐based interventions to improve food safety culture and interpretation grids to analyse and triangulate prevailing food safety culture data.
Hybrid teaching and learning: A conjoint analysis of student preferences in online and onsite scenarios
Authors: Feubli Patricia , MacKevett Douglas , Schwarz Jürg 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundThis research paper presents a cross‐sectional study that examinefs the preferences of students for hybrid teaching and learning scenarios. Unlike previous studies that merely describe hybrid scenarios, this research prioritizes them, offering evidence‐based findings for informed policy decisions.MethodsThe data collection method involved eight choice‐based tasks using the conjoint analysis technique conducted with ‘Sawtooth’ software. The study surveyed students at a mid‐sized university across four departments in Central Switzerland. The sample analysed in this article comprised 319 respondents from the Lucerne School of Business.Results and ConclusionsOur survey found that students' own location during a teaching session played a significant role in determining participation preferences, followed by that of the lecturer. Factors that influenced students' preferences whether to attend onsite or online include workload, didactical format, perceived level of difficulty, student residence, and semester. Forms of hybrid collaboration and student–student interaction did not significantly influence student preferences.TakeawaysThe value of this study lies in its evidence‐based findings for specific hybrid scenarios, which can provide useful insights for policymakers in degree programs and faculty in hybrid classrooms. This study is one of only a few to use conjoint analysis with such a high respondent rate to determine student preferences for hybrid attendance.
How Do European Countries Use EU‐Funded Food Aid and How Important Is It for the Most Deprived?
Authors: Hermans Karen , Cantillon Bea 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe Fund for European Aid to the Most Deprived (FEAD) aims at providing food and (non‐)material assistance to the most vulnerable European citizens. Linking macro and micro data on the importance of FEAD resources shows, however, a mixed picture of targeting the most deprived: although FEAD budgets accrue more to countries with greater social needs, when the budgets are compared with the number of severely deprived persons, FEAD resources were found to be more than twice as high in Finland than in Hungary. This suggests that FEAD does not differentiate sufficiently across countries to focus on the poorest citizens within the Union. Moreover, a micro‐level analysis of how these budgets are spent in a number of selected countries (Belgium, Finland, Hungary and Spain) reveals large between‐ and within‐country variations in the developed FEAD programmes, indicating substantial discretionary leeway for Member States and social organisations to implement FEAD.
The factor structure of “expectant mothers of concern” as perceived by midwives
Authors: Sasaki Mika , Kobayashi Yasue , Nakamoto Kazunori 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAimTo clarify the factor structure of “expectant mothers of concern” for whom midwives anticipate difficulties in future childrearing.MethodsThe participants were 2633 midwives working at hospitals and clinics in Japan. Data were collected using a 108‐item, five‐point Likert scale questionnaire about the behaviors, appearance, and family relationships of the expectant mothers of concern to the nurses. Items with a mean equal to or greater than 4.0 were selected as items considered relevant to expectant mothers of concern by midwives. Exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and further secondary factor analysis were conducted.ResultsThe factor structure of the expectant mothers of concern as perceived by midwives comprised seven factors, including 23 items: “Suspected of being a victim of intimate partner violence,” “Uneasy feeling about the expectant mother's marital relationship,” “Perception that the expectant mother is conflicted about her pregnancy,” “Uneasy feeling about the expectant mother's actions/behaviors concerning her medical checkups,” “Engages in physically risky actions and behaviors,” “Does not appear to be able to build relationships with children,” and “Makes remarks that indicate possible bonding disorder” (goodness‐of‐fit index = 0.910, adjusted goodness‐of‐fit index = 0.879, comparative fit index = 0.939, and root mean square error of approximation = 0.070). Further, a secondary factor, “Expectant mothers who must urgently be connected to support,” was extracted.ConclusionsThe elucidation of the factor structure of the expectant mothers of concern could help midwives identify expectant mothers who may face difficulties in future childrearing.
Clinical efficacy and safety of low‐dose oral minoxidil versus topical solution in the improvement of androgenetic alopecia: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Asilian Ali , Farmani Aida , Saber Mina 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundTopical minoxidil is the recommended first‐line pharmacologic treatment for male and female pattern hair loss. However, low‐dose oral minoxidil has been used off‐label with good clinical efficacy and safety.AimTo compare the effectiveness and safety of topical minoxidil as a first‐choice treatment of androgenetic alopecia versus 1 mg daily oral minoxidil.MethodSixty‐five AGA patients were randomly allocated to receive either 5% topical solution or 1 mg/day oral minoxidil for 6 months. Treatment efficacy was evaluated by measuring hair diameter, photographic assessment, and patient self‐assessment questionnaires. The safety of treatment was checked through history taking and physical examination.ResultsBoth topical and oral minoxidil groups showed significant improvement in hair diameter after 6 months of treatment (p < 0.001). However, there was no significant difference between the two groups. The photographic assessment demonstrated a significant improvement in hair density in the topical minoxidil group in all marked points located at 12 cm (p = 0.025), 16 cm (p = 0.034), and 24 cm (p = 0.014) distance from the glabella but not in the oral minoxidil group. Nevertheless, the difference between the two groups was not significant. In each group, over 60% of patients expressed satisfaction with their treatments, and no significant difference was detected between the two groups.ConclusionAlthough topical minoxidil has a better overall therapeutic effect than 1 mg oral minoxidil, the difference between the two groups was not significant. Therefore, 1 mg oral minoxidil may be as effective and safe as standard topical minoxidil in female and male pattern hair loss.
Attitude of Indian nurses towards importance of families in nursing care: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Sharma Bhavna , Mani Vijayanandh , Zined Rubi , Joshi Poonam , Srivastava Saumya P. , Alhawat Sheenu , Pandey Shivam 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAims and ObjectiveTo evaluate the attitudes of Indian nurses towards the importance of family involvement in nursing care and the association between nurse attitudes and sociodemographic characteristics.BackgroundInvolving the family in the care process is crucial for delivering family‐ and patient‐centred care and ensuring the best possible patient outcomes. Nevertheless, published literature revealed that the nurses may lack clarity regarding the role of family members in the patient's care, which in turn hinders families' participation in care.DesignCross‐sectional descriptive study. The STROBE checklist was used to report the present study.MethodsA total of 203 Nurses participated in a prospective cross‐sectional study between May 2022 and August 2022. They were recruited through convenience sampling from two tertiary care centres in India. A two‐part questionnaire was used to gather the data; the first section contained questions for gathering sociodemographic information, and the second part contained the standardized FINC‐NA scale.ResultsThe mean age of the nurses was (28.08 ± 4.722) years, and their median professional experience was 2.5 (1–5.5) years. Nurses' attitude regarding family's importance in patient care was found to be significantly associated (p ≤ .05) with education level, marital status, religion and hometown region.ConclusionIn several items Indian nurses have positive attitudes towards family involvement in care but some of the lower scoring items can present opportunities for focused improvement. Continuing development programmes about family‐centered care can constitute important strategies to improve the positive attitudes of nurses towards families in practice.Patient and public contributionNo patient or public contribution.
Where there is smoke, there is fire? Making sense of the past failure and future prospects of cannabis reform in Chile
Authors: von Hoffmann Jonas 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA decade ago, cannabis reform was on the public and political agenda in Chile, but the reform process eventually broke down with no marijuana legalization. This article focuses on the different stages of agenda politics to explain the reasons for the failure of cannabis reform in Chile. Drawing on original data, including 36 interviews with key actors, the article traces the reform process. Through a combination of process tracing and counterfactual analysis, the article establishes the causal weight of explanatory factors and distinguishes between activities and their effects. The evidence shows that cannabis reform in Chile failed not only because of a lack of governmental support and agenda setting but also because reform proponents were unable and unwilling to maintain the agenda after initially setting it successfully. By contrast, insider and outsider reform opponents were effective at agenda denial and counter‐framing cannabis reform. Despite producing lots of smoke, recreational cannabis reform efforts have burned out without blazing the trail toward marijuana legalization in Chile. By unearthing the factors that led to initial success in gaining attention and to eventual failure in securing approval in the recent past, this article points out the difficulties of legalizing marijuana in Chile in the near future.
Conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy for gastrointestinal cancer in patients with cirrhosis: A multicentre case–control study
Authors: Ningarhari Massih , Bertez Marlène , Ploquin Anne , Bertrand Nicolas , Desauw Christophe , Cattan Stéphane , Catala Pascale , Vandamme Hélène , Cheymol Claire , Truant Stéphanie , Lassailly Guillaume , Louvet Alexandre , Mathurin Philippe , Dharancy Sébastien , Turpin Anthony 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackground & AimsProgresses in management make a higher proportion of cirrhotic patients with gastrointestinal (GI) cancer candidates to chemotherapy. Data are needed on the safety and liver‐related events associated with the use of chemotherapy in these patients.MethodsForty‐nine patients with cirrhosis receiving chemotherapy against GI cancer from 2013 to 2018 were identified in the French Health Insurance Database using ICD‐10 codes K70‐K74, and matched 1:2 to non‐cirrhotic controls (n = 98) on age, tumour type and type of treatment. Adverse events (AE), dose tapering, discontinuation rate, liver‐related events and survival rate were compared.ResultsPatients with cirrhosis (Child–Pugh A 91%) more often received lower doses (38.8% vs 7.1%, p < .001), without significant differences in terms of grade 3/4 AE or dose tapering rates (29.6% vs. 36.7%; 22.3% vs 24.4%, respectively). Treatment discontinuation rate was higher in patients with cirrhosis (23.3% vs. 11.3%, p = .005). Child–Pugh (p = .007) and MELD (p = .025) scores increased under chemotherapy. Five patients with cirrhosis (10.2%) had liver decompensation within 12 months, and 17.2% of deaths in the cirrhosis group were liver‐related versus 0% in matched controls. WHO‐PS stage > 1 (HR 3.74, CI95%: 2.13–6.57, p < .001), TNM‐stage M1 (HR 3.61, CI 95%: 1.82–7.16, p < .001), non‐colorectal cancer (HR 1.73, CI 95%: 1.05–2.86, p = .032) and bilirubin higher than 5 mg/dL (HR 2.26, CI 95%: 1.39–3.70, p < .001) were independent prognostic factors of 2‐year mortality, whereas cirrhosis was not.ConclusionsChemotherapy should be proposed only in patients with compensated cirrhosis with close monitoring of liver function. Dose management remains challenging. Multidisciplinary management is warranted to improve these patients' outcomes.
Neural correlates of perceived and relative resilience in male and female patients with irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Kilpatrick Lisa A. , Gupta Arpana , Tillisch Kirsten , Labus Jennifer S. , Naliboff Bruce D. , Mayer Emeran A. , Chang Lin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundPatients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) show lower resilience than healthy controls (HCs), associated with greater symptom severity and worse quality of life. However, little is known about affected markers of resilience or the influence of sex. Furthermore, as resilience is complex, a comprehensive assessment, with multiple resilience measures, is needed. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate perceived and relative resilience and their neural correlates in men and women with IBS.MethodsIn 402 individuals (232 IBS [73.3% women] and 170 HCs [61.2% women]), perceived resilience was assessed by the Connor‐Davidson Resilience Scale (CDRISC) and Brief Resilience Scale (BRS); relative resilience was assessed by the standardized residual of the Short Form‐12 mental component summary score predicted by the Adverse Childhood Experiences score. Non‐rotated partial least squares analysis of region‐to‐region resting‐state connectivity data was used to define resilience‐related signatures in HCs. Disease and sex‐related differences within these signatures were investigated.Key ResultsScores on all resilience measures were lower in IBS than in HCs (p's < 0.05). In all three resilience‐related signatures, patients with IBS showed reduced connectivity largely involving the central autonomic network (p's < 0.001). Men with IBS showed lower CDRISC scores than women with IBS, and greater reductions in CDRISC‐related connectivity, associated with worse symptom severity (p < 0.05).Conclusions and InferencesIndividuals with IBS show reduced perceived and relative resilience, with reduced connectivity suggesting impaired homeostasis maintenance. Men with IBS may show additional impairment in specific aspects of resilience. Treatments aimed at improving resilience may benefit patients with IBS, especially men with IBS.