bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physicochemical characteristics of a nanocomposite film based on purified sodium carboxymethylcellulose and selenium nanoparticles
Authors: Yunusov Khaydar Ergashovich , Turakulov Fozil Mamaraim Ugli , Sarymsakov Abdushkur Abdukhalilovich , Yuldoshov Sherzod Abdullaevich , Rashidova Sayyora Sharafovna , Guohua Jiang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this study, selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) were synthesized and stabilized by reducing sodium selenite using ascorbic acid in an aqueous solution of sodium carboxymethylcellulose (Na‐CMC) with a degree of substitution of 0.97 and a degree of polymerization of 810. IR‐Fourier spectroscopy revealed that coordination bonds between functional groups in Na‐CMC and SeNPs resulted in the development of polymer‐metal complexes. UV–Vis spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) methods were used to determine the SeNP sizes in the structure of the nanocomposite film. Investigation of the stabilization and nonstabilization of SeNPs over several cycles has shown that the effect of the polymer matrix of Na‐CMC on the stabilization of nanoparticles was achieved for 672 h, which was confirmed by the unchanged size distribution and resistance to change of the SeNPs synthesized in Na‐CMC solutions.
Abnormal functional connectivity of the occipital thalamus with the superior occipital gyrus is associated with mild cognitive impairment in elderly individuals with primary insomnia
Authors: Zhang Lin , Bai Linxin , Guo Zhenxing , Gao Jiahui , Wu Jingsong , Huang Jia , Liu Zhizhen 
Published: February 2024

AbstractStudy objectivesPrimary insomnia (PI) triggers a decline in cognitive function, and the thalamus plays an integral role in this process; however, the mechanisms are unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the altered functional connectivity (FC) of the thalamus in PI patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and to explore the potential neural mechanisms of thalamic involvement in these patients.MethodsThis case–control study was conducted in older adults from various communities in Fuzhou, China with a PI diagnosis. These participants underwent neuropsychological assessment and were matched in a 1:2 ratio to the healthy control (HC) group and the PI group according to sex, age, and education level. Resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to explore changes in thalamic FC in PI patients. To further compare changes in thalamic and whole‐brain FC, we further divided the PI group into cognitively normal patients and patients with MCI according to the diagnostic criteria for MCI. The relationship between abnormal FC and cognitive function was investigated.ResultsThe 28 HCs and 58 participants with PI showed significant differences in Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores (p = .044). In comparison to the HC group, the PI group showed enhanced FC of the occipital thalamus with the left inferior occipital gyrus, right lingual gyrus, left middle temporal gyrus, left superior marginal gyrus, left dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus, and right anterior central gyrus. The MoCA total score and the executive function, attention, and abstraction scores of PI patients with MCI (PI–MCI) were worse than those of PI patients without MCI. In comparison to the simple PI group, FC was enhanced in the PI–MCI group between the left occipital thalamus and the middle occipital gyrus, and between the right occipital thalamus and the right superior frontal gyrus, left middle frontal gyrus, right superior occipital gyrus, and orbital inferior frontal gyrus. There was a significant negative correlation between the MoCA total score and the enhanced FC between the right occipital thalamus and right superior occipital gyrus (r = −.419, p = .042).ConclusionThe early onset of cognitive impairment in patients with PI is associated with altered FC between the thalamus and the cortex. Enhanced FC between the thalamus and the visual cortex, that is, the superior occipital gyrus, which is involved in attentional processing, may play a role in the early onset of cognitive impairment in insomnia patients. Moreover, due to the fact that PI patients “overdraw” the compensatory capacity of these brain regions earlier, the PI–MCI may fall into the abyss of “decompensation” faster and face more severe cognitive impairments.
Visual Cognitive Assessment Test: Utility of the brief cognitive battery for early screening of cognitive impairment in Chongqing, China
Authors: Liu Yidan , Xie Binbin , Li Qin , Xiao Shufang , Li Jiamin , Kandiah Nagaendran , Ng Kok Pin , Jiang Liumi , Li Xiaofeng 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectivesEarly detection of cognitive impairment is essential for timely intervention. Currently, most widely used cognitive screening tests are influenced by language and cultural differences; therefore, there is a need for the development of a language‐neutral, visual‐based cognitive assessment tool. The Visual Cognitive Assessment Test (VCAT), a 30‐point test that assesses memory, executive function, visuospatial function, attention, and language, has demonstrated its utility in a multilingual population. In this study, we evaluated the reliability, validity, and diagnostic performance of the VCAT for screening early cognitive impairment in Chongqing, ChinaMethodsA total of 134 individuals (49 healthy controls (HCs), 52 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 33 with mild dementia) completed the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), VCAT, and domain‐specific neuropsychological assessments. The diagnostic performances of MMSE, MoCA, and VCAT were evaluated using the area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity. Construct validity of the VCAT was assessed with well‐established domain‐specific cognitive assessments. Reliability was measured using Cronbach's alpha.ResultsThe VCAT and its subdomains demonstrated both good construct validity and internal consistency (α = 0.577). The performance of VCAT was comparable to that of MoCA and MMSE in differentiating mild dementia from nondemented groups (AUC: 0.940 vs. 0.902 and 0.977, respectively; p = .098 and .053) and in distinguishing cognitive impairment (CI) from HC (AUC: 0.929 vs. 0.899 and 0.891, respectively; p = .239 and .161), adjusted for education level. The optimal score range for VCAT in determining dementia, MCI, and HC was 0–14, 15–19, and 20–30, respectively.ConclusionThe VCAT proves to be a reliable screening test for early cognitive impairment within our cohort. Being both language and cultural neutral, the VCAT has the potential to be utilized among a wider population within China.
Herpes zoster vaccination and the risk of dementia: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Shah Sangam , Dahal Krishna , Thapa Sangharsha , Subedi Prativa , Paudel Basanta Sharma , Chand Swati , Salem Amr , Lammle Markus , Sah Ranjit , Krsak Martin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntroductionPrevious studies have reported a decreased risk of dementia with herpes zoster vaccination. Given this background, this systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to investigate the association between herpes zoster vaccination and the risk of dementia.MethodsWe searched five databases until November 2023 for case–control, cross‐sectional, or cohort studies investigating the association of herpes zoster vaccination and dementia. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were pooled in the meta‐analysis. Meta‐regression, subgroup, and sensitivity analysis were also conducted.ResultsWe evaluated a total of five studies (one cross‐sectional, one case–control, and four cohort studies) that included a total number of 103,615 patients who were vaccinated with herpes zoster vaccine. All the studies were of high quality, ranging from 7 to 9. Due to the high heterogeneity (I2 = 100%, p < .00001) observed in our study, a random effect model was used for the analysis. The pooled odds ratio was 0.84 (95% CI: 0.50, 1.43), p (overall effect) = .53), indicating that herpes zoster vaccination reduces the risk of dementia.ConclusionHerpes zoster vaccination is associated with a reduction of the risk of dementia. More epidemiological studies are needed to confirm the association.
Two‐Dimensional Materials Integrated in Electrochemical Biosensors for Virus Detection: Property Engineering Strategies and Device Applications
Authors: Wulandari Chandra , Septiani Ni Luh Wulan , Gumilar Gilang , Nugraha  , Wasisto Hutomo Suryo , Yuliarto Brian 
Published: February 2024

AbstractElectrochemical biosensors have been widely used as advanced methods for virus detection. Ongoing efforts are being made to improve their performance by investigating novel materials as electrode modifiers. In this regard, two‐dimensional (2D) materials, such as graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), and transition metal carbides/nitrides (MXenes), have been extensively explored due to their exceptional structural and electrical properties for electrochemical biosensors. This review investigates and summarizes the recently developed 2D materials employed in virus detection. Various strategies to enhance the critical properties of 2D materials, including conductivity, surface area, active sites, selectivity, and wettability, on electrochemical biosensing platforms, which impact their performance, are discussed. Different types of 2D materials (pristine, derivatives, and composites) are described and subsequently evaluated regarding their applications in electrochemical biosensing. This review serves as a valuable guide for designing next‐generation, high‐performance electrochemical biosensors based on 2D materials.
A novel PDIA3/FTO/USP20 positive feedback regulatory loop induces osteogenic differentiation of preosteoblast in osteoporosis
Authors: Zhang Fei , Liu Chen , Chen Zhiyong , Zhao Chengyi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractOsteoporosis is a chronic skeletal disease and the major source of risk for fractures in aged people. It is urgent to investigate the mechanism regulating osteoporosis for developing potential treatment and prevention strategies. Osteogenic differentiation of preosteoblast enhances bone formation, which might be a promising strategy for treatment and prevention of osteoporosis. Protein disulfide isomerase family A, member 3 (PDIA3) could induce bone formation, yet the role of PDIA3 in osteogenic differentiation of preosteoblast remains unknown. In this study, m6A RNA methylation was detected by methylated RNA immunoprecipitation (MeRIP), while mRNA stability was identified by RNA decay assay. Besides, protein−protein interaction and protein phosphorylation were determined using co‐immunoprecipitation (Co‐IP). Herein, results revealed that PDIA3 promoted osteogenic differentiation of preosteoblast MC3T3‐E1. Besides, PDIA3 mRNA methylation was suppressed by FTO alpha‐ketoglutarate dependent dioxygenase (FTO) as RNA methylation reduced PDIA3 mRNA stability during osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3‐E1 cells. Moreover, ubiquitin specific peptidase 20 (USP20) improved FTO level through inhibiting FTO degradation while PDIA3 increased FTO level by enhancing USP20 phosphorylation during osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3‐E1 cells, suggesting a positive feedback regulatory loop between PDIA3 and FTO. In summary, these findings indicated the mechanism of PDIA3 regulating osteogenic differentiation of preosteoblast and provided potential therapeutic targets for osteoporosis.
A small frontal lobe cavernoma presenting with headache mimicking migraine and complex focal seizure: A case report
Authors: Adhikari Prakriti , Nepali Anil , Shah Amit , Paudel Shailes , Bhandari Prakriti , Nepali Prakash 
Published: February 2024

Key Clinical MessageCavernoma, or cerebral cavernous angioma, are hamartomatous lesions formed by sinusoidal vascular spaces without cerebral parenchyma in between. Cavernoma is a rare disorder that is diagnosed infrequently and incidentally, so it is called incidentaloma. However, cavernoma can present with seizures, headaches, and other focal neurological deficits, with seizures being the most frequent presentation. Cavernoma is angiographically concealed, and it's diagnosis is challenging. So, the cavernoma is diagnosed based on an MRI. We present the rare case of a patient who presented with a complex focal seizure and migraine‐like headache caused by a small frontal lobe cavernoma.
Fusion of a maxillary third molar with a supernumerary fourth molar: A case report
Authors: Apessos Ioulianos , Memis Ioannis , Mikrogeorgis Georgios , Delantoni Antigoni , Dionysopoulos Dimitrios , Lillis Theodoros 
Published: February 2024

Key Clinical MessageDental fusion should be included in differential diagnosis when panoramic radiograph reveals changes in tooth shape or size. The use of specialized dental photographic techniques can augment the dentists' knowledge and awareness of such conditions.AbstractDental fusion of impacted teeth may show up as a change in tooth shape and size on the first radiographic examination. This report presents an impacted maxillary third molar fused with a peg‐like distomolar in a 20‐year‐old male. The patient presented with symptoms of localized periodontitis distal to the second molar, and radiographic examination revealed abnormal dental structure of the third molar. Surgical extraction of the impacted molar was the treatment of choice. The final diagnosis of fusion was based on data from ex vivo CBCT, photographs of the extracted tooth, and extracted tooth's sections using polarizing filters. Two‐dimensional radiographs may conceal special dental anatomies. Visualization of such cases using CBCT and dental photography serves to educate dentists and reduce postoperative complications. Knowledge and awareness of possible dental abnormalities are of utmost importance for successful treatment planning.
Is Unsupervised Dimensionality Reduction Sufficient to Decode the Complexities of Electrochemical Impedance Spectra?
Authors: Makogon Aleksei , Kanoufi Frederic , Shkirskiy Viacheslav 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAs electrochemical research undergoes rapid technological progression, the acquisition of substantial amounts of electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) becomes increasingly feasible. Yet, this advancement introduces intricate challenges in data processing, automation, and interpretation. This paper delves into the sufficiency of unsupervised machine learning (ML) and in particular dimensionality reduction methods in decoding EIS complexities, examining its strengths, limitations, and potential pathways for optimization. As we navigated the intricacies of non‐linear dimensionality reduction, spotlighting t‐distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t‐SNE) and uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP) algorithms, a pattern emerged: these techniques excel at categorizing divergent impedance spectra but show limitations when faced with analogous circuit configurations, especially those substituting a capacitor with a constant phase element. This observation not only underscores a limitation but also accentuates that unsupervised ML approaches, alone, may not fully unravel the nuances of EIS spectra. In the concluding section of our manuscript, we discuss the implications of this finding from a practical standpoint, particularly for electrochemists seeking to apply these methods in their work.
Zero‐Dimensional Carbon Nanomaterials for Electrochemical Energy Storage
Authors: Breczko Joanna , Wysocka‐Żołopa Monika , Grądzka Emilia , Winkler Krzysztof 
Published: February 2024

AbstractProgress in research on high‐performance electrochemical energy storage devices depends strongly on the development of new materials. The 0‐dimensional carbon nanomaterials (fullerenes, carbon quantum dots, graphene quantum dots, and “small” carbon nano‐onions) are particularly recognized in this area of research. Their unique properties beneficial for batteries and supercapacitors application are the result of their small and controllable size, ranging from 1 to 10 nm, and their structure. Fullerenes stand out for the particularly precise structure and rich redox properties. Carbon‐based quantum dots and “small” carbon nano‐onions provide a bridge between molecular fullerenes and larger nanostructured carbon systems. For the electrochemical energy storage, 0‐dimensional carbon structures are usually present in nanostructured composites, which ensure high efficiency of devices. In this review, issues related to the contribution of 0‐dimensional carbon materials in improving batteries and supercapacitors. Particular attention has been paid to progress resulting from the use of composites of these carbon nanostructures with other electroactive materials. Much attention has also been devoted to issues related to the synthesis of 0‐dimensional carbon nanostructures enabling the control of their size, chemical composition and surface morphology. Finally, issues requiring additional research are highlighted.
Insights on advanced g‐C3N4 in energy storage: Applications, challenges, and future
Authors: Yang Xiaojie , Peng Jian , Zhao Lingfei , Zhang Hang , Li Jiayang , Yu Peng , Fan Yameng , Wang Jiazhao , Liu Huakun , Dou Shixue 
Published: February 2024

AbstractGraphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) is a highly recognized two‐dimensional semiconductor material known for its exceptional chemical and physical stability, environmental friendliness, and pollution‐free advantages. These remarkable properties have sparked extensive research in the field of energy storage. This review paper presents the latest advances in the utilization of g‐C3N4 in various energy storage technologies, including lithium‐ion batteries, lithium‐sulfur batteries, sodium‐ion batteries, potassium‐ion batteries, and supercapacitors. One of the key strengths of g‐C3N4 lies in its simple preparation process along with the ease of optimizing its material structure. It possesses abundant amino and Lewis basic groups, as well as a high density of nitrogen, enabling efficient charge transfer and electrolyte solution penetration. Moreover, the graphite‐like layered structure and the presence of large π bonds in g‐C3N4 contribute to its versatility in preparing multifunctional materials with different dimensions, element and group doping, and conjugated systems. These characteristics open up possibilities for expanding its application in energy storage devices. This article comprehensively reviews the research progress on g‐C3N4 in energy storage and highlights its potential for future applications in this field. By exploring the advantages and unique features of g‐C3N4, this paper provides valuable insights into harnessing the full potential of this material for energy storage applications.
Accessing Rare α‐Heterocyclic Aziridines via Brønsted Acid‐catalyzed Michael Addition/Annulation: Scope, Limitations, and Mechanism
Authors: Hilton Timothy A. , Leach Andrew G. , McKay Aidan P. , Watson Allan J. B. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe report an approach to the diastereoselective synthesis of 1,2‐disubstituted heterocyclic aziridines. A Brønsted acid‐catalyzed conjugate addition of anilines to trisubstituted heterocyclic chloroalkenes provides an intermediate 1,2‐chloroamine. Diastereocontrol was found to vary significantly with solvent selection, with computational modelling confirming selective, spontaneous fragmentation in the presence of trace acids, proceeding through a pseudo‐cyclic, protonated intermediate and transition state. These chloroamines can then be converted to the aziridine by treatment with LiHMDS with high stereochemical fidelity. This solvent‐induced stereochemical enrichment thereby enables an efficient route to rare cis‐aziridines with high dr. The scope, limitations, and mechanistic origins of selectivity are also presented.
Silver‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Double Desymmetrization via Vinylogous Michael Addition of Prochiral α,α‐Dicyanoalkenes to Cyclopentendiones
Authors: Choudhary Kavita , Joshi Harshit , Rohilla Shweta , Singh Vinod K. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAn asymmetric double desymmetrization methodology has been developed for synthesizing densely functionalized chiral cyclopentylcyclohexane scaffolds. We have constructed four chiral centers, including an all‐carbon quaternary stereocenter in a single C−C bond formation event. The methodology has high functional‐group tolerance and delivers a broad range of enantioenriched products. This vinylogous Michael addition reaction of prochiral α,α‐dicyanocyclohexane to 2,2‐disubstituted cyclopentene‐1,3‐dione is catalyzed by a chiral Ag‐(R)‐DTBM‐SEGPHOS catalyst.
Encouraging Solution to the Problem of Synthesizing Protein α‐Thioester
Authors: Liu Xinliang , Gao Zijun , Zhao Jie , Ye Farong , Huang Ping , Wang Ping 
Published: February 2024

Comprehensive SummaryExpressed protein ligation (EPL) provides a powerful tool to access large‐size proteins with precise structures. Existing methods for constructing the critical protein thioester for EPL have predominantly relied on the recombinant intein fusion expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli). Despite its powerful applications, the expression of thioester derived from eukaryotic protein in E. coli inherently suffers from its limited solubility, the inactivity of intein, premature hydrolysis and low yields. To overcome these obstacles, we present herein the facile one‐flask synthesis of inaccessible protein α‐thioester via a SUMO‐protein‐intein (SPI) sandwich model. The utility of SUMO enhances the protein fusion yield and solubility, prevents premature hydrolysis and simplifies the purification process. The inaccessible protein thioester with internal Cys residues can be readily produced and is compatible with the EPL‐desulfurization protocol used to prepare complex proteins, which is otherwise difficult to obtain using traditional methods. Its utility has been highlighted through the synthesis of human granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF).
C—F Bond Insertion into Indoles with CHBr2F: An Efficient Method to Synthesize Fluorinated Quinolines and Quinolones
Authors: Li Chao , Chen Lei , Wang Hongye , Yan Zixi , Lyu Bin , Lyu Weiping , Jiang Changwei , Lu Dehua , Li Jiaxing , Jiao Ning , Song Song 
Published: February 2024

Comprehensive SummaryA mild and practical method for synthesizing fluorinated quinoline derivatives, which have a wide range of applications in pharmaceuticals, materials, and organic synthesis, was described through C—F bond insertion into indoles using CHBr2F. The simple conditions, readily availability of CHBr2F, as well as the versatility of the transformations make this strategy very powerful in synthesizing 3‐fluoroquinoline and 3‐fluoroquinolone. The mechanistic studies reveal that bromofluorocarbene generated in‐situ under basic condition was the key intermediate.