bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Arah Irisan dan Tingkat Ketebalan Irisan Jahe terhadap Tingkat Kehalusan Tepung Jahe
Authors: Afrilia Yuliani , Tamrin Tamrin , Amien Elhamida Rezkia , Kuncoro Sapto 
Published: January 2024

Ginger has a fairly high fiber content that can affect the flour produced when it goes through the powdering process. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of the direction and the thickness of ginger slices on the level of flour fineness. The experiment was conducted by using a completely randomized design (CRD) with two factors. The first factor is the direction of the slice with two treatments, namely vertical slice (V) and horizontal slice (H). The second factor was the thickness of the slices with three levels, namely 2 mm (T1), 4 mm (T2), and 6 mm (T3). It treatment combination was carried out in triplicates. The parameters observed were moisture content, repose angle, degree of fineness, uniformity index, grain yield, bulk density, and color. The data obtained were analyzed by using Anova test available in Excel and SAS, if there is significant different among the parameters, then is followed by LSD test at α = 0,05. The results showed that the direction of slices significantly affect the fineness of the flour, in which vertically sliced cuts produced better fineness than that of horizontally sliced cuts. The thickness of cuts did not significantly influence the flour characteristic. Keywords: Fineness, Ginger, Ginger Fiber, Ginger Flour, Slice Direction, Thickness of the Slices.
Analisis Tingkat Kebisingan pada Workshop Alsintan UPTD Balai Benih Induk Tanaman Pangan dan Alsintan Provinsi Lampung
Authors: Saputra Muhamad Ogas , Suharyatun Siti , Telaumbanua Mareli , Warji Warji 
Published: January 2024

Activities in agricultural machinery workshops must concern with Occupational Health and Safety (OHS), especially the physical conditions of the work environment. There are potential physical dangers, especially noise from machines in the workshop. This research aims to analyze the noise level at the UPTD Agricultural Machinery Workshop, Main Center for Food Crops and Agricultural Machinery, Lampung Province, and provides recommendations for control engineering. The parameters observed in the research were noise, temperature and humidity. Noise level was measured by using a sound level meter for the source of the sound when the machines were turned on, at fifty measurement points determined based on applicable regulations. Temperature and humidity were measured using a digital hygrometer thermometer, at three observation points. The measurement results were compared with the applied quality standards in Indonesia. Noise measurement resulted (88.29 ± 11.58) dBA, with 7 sound sources turned on simultaneously. Based on Minister of Manpower Regulation No. 5 of 2018, at this noise level the maximum exposure time for workers is 4 hours per day. If the time limit exceeds, workers must use ear protection or do the job in rotation (in shift work). Average temperature measurement resulted (28.8 ± 0.3)°C and average humidity measurement (61.5 ± 7.8)%. Referring to the Decree of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia No. 1405 of 2002, the air temperature and humidity at the UPTD Agricultural Machinery Workshop, Main Center for Food Crops and Agricultural Machinery, Lampung Province is still above the requirements for working environmental health. Keywords: Ergonomics, Noise, OHS, Physical Environment, Potential Physical Hazards.
Kajian Ergonomika Terhadap Penggunaan Mesin Penggoreng Vacuum
Authors: Ramadhanti Annisa Suci , Wisnu Febryan Kusuma , Suharyatun Siti , Warji Warji 
Published: January 2024

Agricultural machine tools with technology can help processes in agriculture so that time is more effective, cost-effective and improves the quality or quality of plants or products, such as vacuum frying which is used to fry fruit chips that are susceptible to hot temperatures so that the taste of fruit chips from vacuum frying will be similar to the original fruit. The use of agricultural tools and machines cannot be separated from K3 and ergonomics. Therefore this research was conducted for the ergonomics of a vacuum fryer in terms of anthropometry, recommended workload, work fatigue, and the physical work environment. This study used a quantitative method supported by literature studies on the ergonomic dimensions of a vacuum fryer or in accordance with the size of the human body. The results showed that the ergonomic dimensions of the tool corresponded to the dimensions of the operator's body in the form of control box height, stove height, frying tube cover height, pressure output height, pressure regulator height, and stirrer lever. The level of operator fatigue is classified as ergonomic because the CVL (Cardiovascular Load) percentage obtained is ≤ 30% so that fatigue does not occur in operating the tool. The recommended workload is classified as ergonomic because the actual load lifted is lower than the RWL calculation results. The temperature measurement is not ergonomic because the temperature exceeds the NAV, while the lighting is classified as ergonomic because it has exceeded the minimum standard value for lighting and the noise measurement is classified as ergonomic because it does not exceed 88 dBA. In operating a vacuum fryer, it can be done in the morning or there is a work station repair so that glare does not occur when using the machine, and when using it, it must be equipped with personal protective equipment (PPE). Keywords: Anthropometry, Ergonomic, Vacuum Fryer
世變、歷史與記憶———湯貽汾《如此江山圖》與鴉片戰争時期詩詞中的鎮江之戰
Authors: 柯 秉芳 
Published: January 2024

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.
道光二十二年（1842），英軍發動揚子江戰役，攻陷鎮江，隨後直抵江寧，迫使清廷簽下不平等的《南京條約》。戰前，黄爵滋以嚴禁鴉片名重當時；戰後，黄爵滋以失察銀庫遭到彈劾。名畫家湯貽汾爲其作《如此江山圖》，描繪戰後焦山風景，陳方海題記拈出圖中隱寄“風景不殊”的感慨，或與鎮江之戰有著緊密的關聯。本文以《如此江山圖》爲開展，試圖透過圖畫題詠及當代時人詩詞中對鎮江之戰的描寫，探究士人如何憑藉圖畫、詩、詞的不同特質，互文參照，形成共同的歷史記憶。除了從題詠中探掘圖畫的創作旨趣，亦從中發掘題詠者有意識地自圖畫延伸出的畫外之意；在“詩史”義理精神的闡發下，建構對陳化成以及兩江總督牛鑑、副督統海齡的褒貶形象；並藉由抒寫鎮江興亡與效仿蘇、辛體的詞作，管窺詞體創作中對“京口三山”一脈相承的書寫傳統。
In the 22nd year of the Daoguang reign (1842), the British Armed Forces waged the Battle of Yangzi River, captured Zhenjiang, and reached Jiangning, compelling the Qing court to sign the Treaty of Nanjing, the first unequal treaty between China and foreign powers. Before the First Opium War, Huang Juezi was known for his strict policy of prohibiting opium. After the war, Huang was impeached for mismanaging the state treasury. He then commissioned renowned painter Tang Yifen to create Painting of a Declining Country, a work closely linked to the Battle of Zhenjiang, and Tang also embedded his lamentation over the perished landscape in this work. Treating this painting as the point of departure and by reference to the descriptions of the Battle of Zhenjiang in poetry, this article seeks to investigate how scholars documented the war with paintings and poems that in turn shaped the collective memories of this piece of history. Inspired by the poets’ profound reflection on the significance of historic events, this article tries to review scholars’ accolades for patriotic military officers and examine the praise and censure of the contentious figure Hailing. This article also aims to take a glimpse of the literary tradition of depicting the “Three Mountains of Jingkou” in Ci poetry through the lens of the Ci works that emulated the styles of Su Shi and Xin Qiji to chronicle the rise and fall of Zhenjiang.
在中國思考“本體”：以熊十力、張東蓀的對話爲線索
Authors: 蔡 岳璋 
Published: January 2024

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.
上個世紀三〇年代，中國哲學家張東蓀討論中國是否關心萬物背後有無本質（ultimatestuff）的問題時曾經指出：中國思想上，自始即無所謂“本體”（substance）的觀念，這樣的現象反映在早期漢語上，即查無此一概念之詞。這樣的主張，適與同時代力倡“體用論”的熊十力，形成强烈對比。本文以晚清民初中西文化斡旋之際，現代中國哲學界的兩枝棟梁爲根據，透過熊十力、張東蓀的往復争辯及各自哲學判斷的差距爲線索，試圖挖掘傳統世界觀在現代知識語言更新的轉譯時期，所激蕩起的豐富的文化體會、理解與想象，顯豁本體之説的合法限度與正當性依據。
In the 1930s, the Chinese philosopher Chang Tung­sun (1886-1973), in discussing whether China pays attention to the issue of whether there is ultimately substance in all things, pointed out that the concept of “substance” had never existed in China since the beginning. Such a phenomenon is reflected in the archaic Chinese language, which includes no such word representing this notion. This statement sharply contrasts with Xiong Shili’s (1885-1968) emphasis on “Substance-function Theory” (tiyong lun 體用論) advocated in the same era. This essay takes these two eminent figures of the late Qing Dynasty and modern Chinese philosophy as its subject of investigation. Through the correspondence between Xiong Shili and Chang Tung-sun and the discrepancy between their respective philosophical judgments, it attempts to uncover the rich cultural understanding, comprehension, and imagination that traditional worldviews have stirred up in modern times, and to further explain the legitimate limits and proper bases of ontological discourses.
THE AESTHETIC VALUE OF ARTISTIC MEANS IN THE POEM OF AV. ISAHAKYAN "SONGS OF ALAGIAZ // ALAGYAZI MANINER"
Authors: KHACHATRYAN MARIETA 
Published: January 2024

“Songs of Alagiaz // Alagyazi Maniner” does not correspond to the classical description of the poem in terms of genre, it is a lyrical history of folk life, composed of individual poems.
In the poem, Isahakyan creates images of native nature and the characters of her children, which are closely interconnected, and the language of the poem is characterized by naturalness, directness and accuracy, characteristic of the living speech of the people.
The poet provided an extraordinary imagery of speech with an exemplary use of imagery, which is one of the artistic values ​​of the poem.
Epithets that are new and fresh and that add shine to the language of the poem stand out for their stylistic role. Such are the comparisons and metaphors that often bear the stamp of popular thought.
Comparisons, exaggerations, contrasts created by the Master are also wonderful and valuable. Their joint use requires great skill in order not to create unnecessary accumulation, but also to be close to vernacular.
Isahakyan achieved such perfection, and this gave the researcher the opportunity to draw the right conclusion. "By the richness of the language, Isahakyan is unsurpassed in our poetry (1)".
SHELVING INVENTORY OF MESROP MASHTOTS SIGN OF NATIONAL DEFENSE
Authors: DEMIRCHYAN ARMENUHI 
Published: January 2024

In this work, the invention of writing is examined from the need to strive for a new rise by the example of the past. Mashtots' activities are examined in the light of the cooperation of king Vramshapuh (hereafter Vagharsh III) and the Catholicos Sahak Partev, who always supported him, as with the combined forces of the court and the church, the Armenian nation had its own alphabet and number table, and even after the loss of the statehood it created its great and powerful culture for centuries. The purpose of the work is to show the similarity of the challanges facing the country in times of crisis and the importance of being together for the national benefit. For this, literary sources presented the extreme situation leading to assimilation of the nation in the 5th century, which was opposed by Vagharsh III with his visionary policy.
He, unlike his warlike brother, Khosrov D, showed that he was tolerand with the sharing the country, in 387, but said no to foreign education. He used state revenues to establish the Armenian school, starting with the alphabet, for which he sent Mashtots with his students abroad, covering their expenses for 9 years (396-405). After that, until his death (414), Vagharsh III solved the various problems of opening a library, a church and schools keeping the peace in the entire region. Thanks to him, Mashtots showed his scientific and organizational brilliant abilities. Even after the death of Vagharsh III, again entering the international arena, Mashtots opened schools with the permition of Byuzantium emperor Teodos B and united the spiritual life of the country, and by creating alphabets for Georgians and Aghvans, he solved the question of their existence.
THE MYTHOLOGY OF SACRED MARRIAGE IN SEVERAL WORKS OF EUROPEAN LITERATURE AND IN H. TUMANIAN'S "AKHTAMAR" (an attempt of comparative analysis)
Authors: MARGARYAN SIRANUSH 
Published: January 2024

In the article, we have considered several literary embodiments of the mythologeme ofsacred marriage, when it, retaining the memory of the pretext and symbolic system, undergoes various transformations in different periods and by different authors, absorbs peculiar and significant historical-philosophical, psychological, aesthetic and ethno-cultural nuances.
The legend of a young man in love swimming from shore to shore, derived from the mythologeme of the sacred marriage, the origins of which go back to the Ancient Greece, is a universal plot in the ancient mythology (the legend of Hero and Leander) with deep problems, the changes of which depend on the interaction of reality and poetry, man, nature and society, as well as on the typology of the work, the aesthetic concept and worldview of the author.
Our task is to show the process of interpenetration of the national and universal realities in literature and culturethrough the history of a couple in love, to present in what way the pretext, the same initial information point made inner reality of the mythologemeinexhaustible and capaciousin time and among different peoples, over time fillingits secret language and symbolic system with new features and meaning, as well as to show changes in author's individual picture of the world.
Its main function is conditioned by the content that characterizes the cosmic essence of love and sacrifice, which can “find room for” one or more symbolic storylines in an unsplit coresimultaneously. This is obvious from the content of the article.
In the considered works of Marlo, Schiller, Bryusov, which are based on this legend, we tried to show the differences in the thought and creative systems of the authors, the emotional and philosophical foundations of their individuality, the moral and ethical orientation of the legend. In Tumanyan’s “Akhtamar”ballad, the story about a young man swimming from shore to shore formed the composition, preserving in its initial part the folklore elements of the story of a young man in love swimming across the sea at night, and ending with a philosophical praise of love and sacrifice.
PROMINENT IRANIAN SPIRITUAL AND CULTURAL FIGURES AND THE SPIRITUAL LIFE OF THE ARMENIAN CATHOLIC AND EVANGELICAL COMMUNITIES
Authors: ANDRIKIAN ARMAN 
Published: January 2024

The Armenian Apostolic Church has had a decisive role for Armenians throughout its existence in all areas of life. All the founders of Armenians spread all over the world due to fate.
In the colonies, the Armenian church took upon itself the protection of its spiritual flock, the protection of Armenians, regulation of foreign state-Armenian community relations, education and enlightenment distribution and many other concerns, thanks to which it was possible to preserve Armenian over the centuries identity. The Study of Armenian Settlements by Armenian and Diaspora Armenologists has reached a fairly high level in the last fifty years and there are many on the square fundamental works.
Iranian-Armenian colonies have played a huge role in Armenian spiritual and cultural life. XVII-XVIII centuries. Nor Jugha became a unique spiritual and cultural capital of the Armenians, where the main forces of the enlightened Armenian intelligentsia, representing the spiritual class, were concentrated. In this article, we will try to present a brief profile of some of the above-mentioned well-known and little-known figures, taking into account first of all the fact that they were clergy and worked in specific Iranian-Armenian dioceses.
The study of the spiritual diocese, covering the territory of any Armenian settlement, makes it possible to understand and study many pressing problems arising in the Armenian diaspora. Whatever we call the Armenian communities living outside the Motherland, a village or a diaspora, the problems that concern them are the same, both in the past and in the present, and the problem of preserving Armenianness has been and remains the main issue of survival for these communities.
This article is one of the first attempts to present a study of the spiritual dioceses of one separate locality, where the object is representatives of the Iranian-Armenian spiritual dioceses, and the subject is the spiritual and religious life of Iranian Armenians.e clergy and worked in specific Iranian-Armenian dioceses.
FROM THE HISTORY OF RELATIONS BETWEEN THE ARMENIAN STATE OF CILICIA AND THE CHURCH (1219-1226)
Authors: ZHAMKOCHYAN NELLY 
Published: January 2024

The goal of this article is to study the history of the relations between the Cilician State and the Church during the period of the most important and paramount importance in the history of Cilician Armenia (1219-1226). It emphasizes the role of the Armenian Church in maintaining and strengthening the Statehood of Cilicia. Studying the most important events during the discussed period, thiswork covers the key episodes of the history of the role of the Armenian Apostolic Church and Spiritual centers in the political and spiritual sphere of Cilician Armenia. The data about the guardians of Zabel Rubinyan (the daughter of Levon Metsagorts (Levonthe Great), the founder King of Armenian Cilicia) were also highlighted by combining the works of medieval historians, as well as the points of view in modern scientific literature, emphasizing the role of the Armenian Apostolic Church in the State administration system.
This study focusedonthe details of the history of holding Armenian newCatholicos elections, taken place under rather acute and tense conditions after the death of Armenian Catholicos Hovhannes Ssetsi.
In this article, the details werepresentedabout the conditions under which the new Catholicoshad been elected with the help of Generale Constantine (Constantinethe Sparapet), emphasizing the role of the Catholicos of All Armenians and the Church in the internal political developments of the State of Cilicia, in particular about the marriage of Zabeland Philip, the son of the Duke of Antioch, and the death of Philip, as well as about the detailed information on the marriage of Zabel and Hetum, the son of the Generale Constantine.
During the study, this article discusses the problems of settlement of other important and controversial issues of the history of the relationship between the Armenian State of Cilicia and the Church.As a result of these activities, the position and role of the Armenian Church are presented, as well as the functions of the Church leadership in the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia in 1219-1226, not only ecclesiastical, but also within the framework of domestic political life, which contributed to the further development of the country.
<em>DI BAWAH LANGIT TAK BERBINTANG</em> KARYA UTUY TATANG SONTANI: TINJAUAN SASTRA PERJALANAN CARL THOMPSON
Authors: Windayanto Riqko Nur Ardi 
Published: January 2024

Di Bawah Langit Tak Berbintang (DBLTB) by Utuy Tatang Sontani is a travel literature because it narrates travel, fulfills the formal-aesthetic characteristics of travel literature, and reconstructs travel experiences in a novelistic way. This study explains aspects of travel literature and the author's ideology with Thompson's theory of travel literature. The first problem data are verbal units in DBLTB which tell about self-other, movement, room, meeting, agenda, and writing, which are collected using the note-taking technique. Data ideology is narratives from social, cultural, and ideological texts, which are collected by literature study. The data are analyzed by content analysis and Laclau and Mouffe’s discourse analysis. This study shows that Utuy involved himself as I, a traveler in Indonesia and China. The journey makes him arrives at spaces, such as Bandung, Jakarta, Peking, Canton, Cengkareng, sanatoriums, and Cing Tao, and brings him meets with others, both people, places, and activities. In its journey, the dominant world is described subjectively, which then shows the author's agenda, namely and defends his ideology, namely individualism.
AKAR KULTURAL DALAM PUISI KARYA PEREMPUAN PENYAIR BERETNIS MADURA: KAJIAN ANTROPOLOGI SASTRA
Authors: Anwar M Shoim 
Published: January 2024

Madura has a distinct subculture in Indonesian culture. Poetry by female Madurese poets can also represent this distinctive anthropological cultural aspect. From the perspective of literary anthropology, with a qualitative approach, the aims of this reasearch are to interpret, analyze, and find things related to anthropological cultural roots in poetry by women of Madurese ethnic poets. The result of this research is that the poetry of Madurese ethnic women poets is influenced by the anthropological cultural journey based on Madura, both when the poets live on the island of Madura and when they are in other places. The anthropological cultural aspect that appears is the existence of various events in the past which are used as sources of ideas for creation, especially when they were children. The dominant cultural types in poetry by women of Madurese ethnicity are those to art, livelihood or economy, relationships in social organization or familial relationships, and religion as cultural shield.
CONSUMER SOCIETY IN UMAR KAYAM’S JALAN MENIKUNG A STUDY OF JEAN BAUDRILLARD’S POSTMODERNISM
Authors: Suharmono Suharmono 
Published: January 2024

Abstract: The research aims to reveal the consumer society in Jalan Menikung, a novel written by Umar Kayam. The theoretical framework used is the postmodern theory of Jean Baudrillard. Baudrillard reveals the characteristics change of culture in contemporary society and introduces the characteristics of Western society as a simulation society. The method used in this study is qualitative. The material was obtained from literature and analyzed using the conception of Baudrillard. The important concept used is the change in value, simulation, simulacra, hyperreality, and consumer society. The results of the study show that in the novel Jalan Menikung, there is a change in value that occurs in the form of consumerism. This consumerism is in the form of consuming clothes, consuming food, or drinks, consuming certain buildings, consuming certain luxury goods, consuming in orgies, consuming in the use of power, and consuming in high-class associations. Simulation processes of consumption in Jalan Menikung happen on the development of technology, especially information technology and language signs. In Jalan Menikung Umar Kayam describes the consumer society as a complicated culture intertwined.