bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The kinetics of solid‐state reactions toward consensus, Part 3. Searching for consistent kinetic results: SCTA vs. conventional thermal analysis
Authors: Ortega A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper is the third part of a review of some of the controversial kinetic aspects of conventional thermal methods. We open a discussion about the necessity of developing new possibilities and techniques in the field of solid‐state reactions. In the last decade we have seen the commercialization of new instruments and apparatus by a number of manufacturers, which allows for carrying out more meaningful experiments. The Sample Controlled Thermal Analysis describes a family of new techniques such as Controlled Rate Thermal Analysis, Stepwise Isothermal Analysis, etc., which are based on the use of their own rate of reaction for controlling the reaction temperature. It is shown that these new approaches have much more effective control on heat and mass transfer phenomena and can provide enhanced resolution and sensitivity and improved kinetic data. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 34: 223–236, 2002
Process orientation through enterprise resource planning (ERP): a review of critical issues
Authors: Al‐Mashari Majed 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe significant development in global information technologies and the ever‐intensifying competitive market climate have both pushed many companies to transform their businesses. Enterprise resource planning (ERP) is seen as one of the most recently emerging process‐orientation tools that can enable such a transformation. Its development has presented both researchers and practitioners with new challenges and opportunities. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the state of research in the ERP field relating to process management, organizational change and knowledge management. It surveys current practices, research and development, and suggests several directions for future investigation. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predictors of information technology support for inter‐organizational knowledge management: lessons learned from law firms in Norway
Authors: Gottschalk Petter 
Published: August 2002

AbstractLaw firms represent an industry that seems very well suited to knowledge management investigation. They are knowledge intensive, and the use of advanced technology may well transform these organizations in the future. This paper reports results from a survey of Norwegian law firms on the use of information technology to support inter‐organizational knowledge management. Two predictors of IT support were significant: firm cooperation and knowledge cooperation. Inter‐organizational trust was not a significant predictor. Software and systems most frequently used include word processing, electronic mail and legal databases. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collaborative commerce and knowledge management
Authors: Thuraisingham Bhavani , Gupta Amar , Bertino Elisa , Ferrari Elena 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper describes collaborative commerce (c‐commerce); it essentially combines e‐commerce, knowledge management and collaboration to carry out transactions and other activities within and across organizations. We first discuss the building blocks for c‐commerce. Then we describe models and federated architectures. Next we analyze the strategic role of knowledge management for c‐commerce as well as discussing managerial and business implications. Finally, we provide directions for c‐commerce. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Removal of Cdk inhibitors through both sequestration and downregulation in zearalenone‐treated MCF‐7 breast cancer cells
Authors: Ahamed Shamila , Foster James S. , Bukovsky Antonin , Diehl J. Alan , Wimalasena Jay 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTreatment of MCF 7 cells with the fungal estrogen zearalenone induced cyclin E–associated kinase activity transiently within 9–12 h; total cyclin‐dependent kinase (Cdk) 2 activity was elevated for 24 h and beyond. This increased cyclin E/Cdk2 activity was associated with sequestration of the Cdk inhibitor p27 Cdk inhibitor 1B (p27KIP1) by newly formed cyclin D1/Cdk4 complexes and with downregulation of p27KIP1 expression. The activation of cyclin A/Cdk2 activity corresponded with virtual elimination of p27KIP1. The activity of cyclin E/Cdk2 complexes from zearalenone‐treated lysates was inhibited in vitro by recombinant p27KIP1, and this inhibition was relieved by the addition of recombinant cyclin D1/Cdk4 complexes. Thus, sequestration of p27KIP1 by cyclin D1/Cdk4 resulted in activation of Cdk2 in vitro. Cdk inhibitory activity in lysates of zearalenone‐treated cells was depleted by anti‐p27KIP1 and anti‐Cdc2 interacting protein (p21CIP1) antibodies. Overexpression of the Cdk4/6‐specific Cdk inhibitor of Cdk4 p16INK4A was associated with increased association of p27KIP1 with Cdk2, concomitant with disruption of D cyclin/Cdk4 complexes. The proteasome inhibitor 2‐leu‐leu‐leu‐H aldehyde (MG‐132) was relatively ineffective in inhibiting the initial, sequestration‐dependent activation of cyclin E/Cdk2 yet was as effective as p16INK4A in inhibiting activation of cyclin A/Cdk2 later in G1. Downregulation of p27KIP1 proceeded in p16INK4A‐expressing cells after zearalenone treatment, and G1 arrest afforded by p16INK4A expression was reversible upon prolonged treatment with zearalenone. Zearalenone treatment of MCF‐7 cells elicited expression of F‐box protein S phase kinase–associated protein 2 (p45SKP2), a substrate‐specific component of the ubiquitin‐ligase complex that targets p27KIP1 for degradation in the proteasome. These studies suggest that both sequestration of Cdk inhibitors by cyclin D1/Cdk4 complexes and downregulation of p27KIP1 play major roles in the induction of Cdk2 activity and S phase entry elicited by estrogens in MCF‐7 cells. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The use of solid‐phase microextraction/gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry for the determination of degradation products of volatile and semivolatile compounds
Authors: Karaisz Kenneth G. , Snow Nicholas H. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractOne of the more important applications in the pharmaceutical and personal care industries is the determination of degradation products in volatile and semivolatile compounds. The conventional approaches to these studies often utilize time‐consuming and labor‐intensive techniques in conjunction with potentially hazardous solvents. A new approach developed in our laboratory using solid‐phase microextraction (SPME) in conjunction with gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC/MS) to determine degradation products for volatile and semivolatile organic compounds is described. The approach was evaluated by the measurement of diphenhydramine hydrochloride, a known over‐the‐counter (active) pharmaceutical product. Aqueous solutions of diphenhydramine HCl were subjected to stress and subsequently examined using SPME‐GC/MS. The hydrolysis degradation products benzhydrol, benzophenone, and dimethylaminoethanol were detected. Solid diphenhydramine was thermally stressed and subsequently examined by headspace SPME/GC‐MS. The thermal degradation products detected were dimethylaminoethanol, diphenylmethane, diphenylchloromethane, benzhydrol, and benzophenone. These results were in agreement with degradation studies in the literature performed on diphenhydramine HCl using conventional approaches. SPME‐GC/MS was then used to determine the acid hydrolysis degradation product for a cosmetic preservative iodopropynyl butyl carbamate (3‐iodo‐2‐propynyl‐n‐butyl carbamate) also known as IPBC. SPME/GC‐MS analysis of an acid‐stressed IPBC solution yielded evidence of the compound 3‐iodo‐2‐chloro‐2‐propenyl‐n‐butyl carbamate, indicative of addition of HCl across the triple bond of IPBC. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Micro Sep 13: 1–7, 2001
Essential tremor in childhood: A series of nineteen cases
Authors: Louis Elan D. , Dure Leon S. Dure , Pullman Seth 
Published: August 2002

AbstractOne in 20 essential tremor (ET) cases arises during childhood. We report 19 pediatric ET cases (mean age = 12.7 years). The majority (68.4%) were male, and only one had head tremor. Childhood and adult forms of ET may differ in several important respects, providing information about the underlying biology of ET. A possible male preponderance in childhood ET cases could reflect a modification of disease expression by gender, such that males manifest the disease at an earlier age than females. A paucity of childhood cases with head tremor suggests that the neuropathological changes in ET may evolve somatotopically. Head tremor may require midline or more extensive bilateral pathology which may only occur later in the disease. © 2001 Movement Disorder Society.
Effects of university of wisconsin and lactated ringer's solutions to ischemia‐reperfusion injury in isolated cremaster flap
Authors: Alper Mehmet , Ozek Cuneyt , Erdem Ozgur , Denk Michael , Colen Lawrence B. , Prewit Russell 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIschemia‐reperfusion (I/R) injury is a topic that has been much‐discussed by various researchers during the last decade in plastic surgery. Though much progress has occurred, the problem is not totally solved yet. In particular, the pathophysiology of reperfusion injury in skeletal muscle has not been clearly elucidated. The aims of this study are to assess the effects of a variety of perfusants on the microcirculation after reperfusion injury and to better understand the pathophysiology of reperfusion injury. Isolated cremaster flaps were performed in 44 rats, preserving the femoral artery and vein in order to cannulate with microtubes. There were 2 control and 2 experiment groups. In one of the control groups and in both experimental groups, 2 h of ischemia were applied by clamping the iliac vessels. Immediately after this, the muscle was locally perfused and washed with lactated Ringer's (LR) and University of Wisconsin (UW) solutions, given from the femoral artery and drained by the femoral vein in the two respective experimental groups. The effects of these solutions to I/R injury were shown at the microcirculatory level via measuring and determining preischemic and postischemic diameters of arterioles and venules, tissue perfusion, capillary density, velocity of red blood cells, and leukocyte sticking. Both tested perfusion solutions were found to be harmful in all parameters. This study demonstrates that both LR and UW solutions aggravate I/R injury. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MICROSURGERY 22:69–73 2002
Asymptotic behaviour for a non‐monotone fluid in one dimension: the positive temperature case
Authors: Ducomet B. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe consider a one‐dimensional continuous model of neutron star, described by a compressible Navier–Stokes system with a non‐monotone equation of state, due to the effective Skyrme nuclear interaction between particles. We study the asymptotic behaviour of globally defined solutions of a mixed free boundary problem for our model, for large time, assuming that a sufficient thermal dissipation is present. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigation of birefringence properties in twin‐core fibers
Authors: Li Hong , Wang D. N. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this work, a coupled nonlinear equation is derived to describe the optical pulse propagation along a twin‐core fiber in the presence of birefringence. The properties of the equation obtained and the effects of randomly varying birefringence on soliton transmission and soliton switching in a twin‐core fiber are also discussed. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 31: 314–319, 2001.
A fully analytical model to describe the high‐frequency behavior of p‐i‐n photodiodes
Authors: Torrese G. , Salamone A. , Huynen I. , Vander Vorst A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper presents a novel fully analytical model describing the high‐frequency behavior of p‐i‐n photodiodes. The transport equations are solved, taking into account the dependence of the carrier velocities on the electric field, while the RC‐product effect is considered by adding the displacement current in the current equations. The model yields a fully analytical expression for both the bandwidth and quantum efficiency as a function of electrical and geometrical photodiode parameters, as well as material properties. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 31: 329–333, 2001.
Application of the multifrontal method to the vector FEM for analysis of microwave filters
Authors: Chen R. S. , Wang D. X. , Yung Edward K. N. , Jin J. M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe multifrontal method is applied for solving a large system of linear equations resulting from the use of the edge‐based finite‐element method (FEM). The finite‐element method combined with the perfectly matched layers (PMLs) is given for the simulation of microwave filters, and the algorithm of the multifrontal method is described in detail. The reflection loss and insertion loss of several filters are analyzed as examples, and the obtained results are compared with those obtained from the literature. In order to demonstrate the efficiency of the multifrontal method, the computational time is compared with that of both the symmetric successive overrelaxation (SSOR) preconditioned conjugate‐gradient (PCG) and conjugate‐gradient methods (CG) for a thick‐iris waveguide bandpass filer. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 31: 465–470, 2001.
Dual‐frequency rectangular microstrip antenna with an inserted integrated reactive loading
Authors: Hsieh Gui‐Bin 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA novel dual‐frequency rectangular microstrip antenna with an inserted integrated reactive loading is proposed and experimentally studied. The reactive loading has the structure of a trapezoid microstrip‐line section inserted at one of the radiating edges of the patch. By adjusting the flare angle of the trapezoid microstrip‐line section, the frequency ratio of the two operating frequencies is tunable in the range of about 1.08–1.17. Also, the two operating frequencies have the same polarization planes and similar broadside radiation characteristics. Details of the antenna design and experimental results are presented and discussed. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 32: 219–221, 2002.
A new, closed‐form, spatial‐domain Green's function for layered structures and its application to the method of moments
Authors: Ge Yuehe , Esselle Karu P. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper presents a fast spatial‐domain method of moments (MoM) to analyze microstrip circuits and antennas. The method is based on a new closed‐form Green's function for layered structures. Using this method, one can derive closed‐form expressions for the matrix elements involved in the MoM, and improve the computational efficiency significantly without compromising the precision. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 32: 229–231, 2002.
Synthesis of dielectric helix supports for wideband traveling‐wave tubes
Authors: Jung Sun‐Shin , Joo Young‐Do , Ghosh S. , Basu B. N. , Park Gun‐Sik 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAn n‐dielectric tube prototype structure consisting of a helix surrounded by adjoining dielectric tubes in an overall envelope was studied by HFSS for flat‐to‐negative dispersion characteristics needed for wideband traveling‐wave tubes. The prototype structure obtained was then “synthesized” to obtain a wedge‐shaped n‐step staircase dielectric support structure for a helix. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 32: 231–235, 2002.
Experimental study of accumulative recording during nonvolatile holographic storage in LiNbO3:Fe:Mn crystals
Authors: Liu De'an , Liu Liren , Zhou Changhe , Zhang Juan , Xu Liangying 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAn accumulative recording scheme capable of enhancing diffraction efficiency effectively during nonvolatile holographic storage in LiNbO3:Fe:Mn crystals is proposed and experimentally demonstrated in this paper. The main idea of this new holographic recording schedule is that, during every red‐beam recording interval, an ultraviolet light is used to excise more electrons to a shallower center for the next faster and higher recording. After sufficient accumulation of the space‐charge fields developed in a deeper center, it is possible to gain a high diffraction efficiency of the finally fixed hologram. The experimental results demonstrate that the finally fixed diffraction efficiency is enhanced by about 31% compared to the conventional recording schedule. No additional equipment is needed in this method, and it has potentials for applications. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 32: 423–425, 2002.
Experimental study of a large bandwidth rectangular microstrip‐fed circular slot antenna
Authors: Jang Yong‐Woong 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA large‐band rectangular‐shaped microstrip‐fed circular slot antenna is studied in this Letter. In this case, many design parameters of this antenna lead to good impedance matching in a wide frequency band. Although the use of a high‐relative‐permittivity (εr = 4.3) substrate usually restricts the operation bandwidth, the measured bandwidth is from 2.277 to 9.272 GHz, which is approximately 124.6 % (VSWR ≤ 2.0). The experimented data for the impedance loci and the radiation patterns of the antenna are also described. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 33: 316–318, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10306
Optimal dispersion management scheme for 40 Gb/s optical fiber transmission systems with different input powers
Authors: Yan Minhui , Chen Jianping , Jiang Wenning 
Published: August 2002

AbstractFor long‐haul and high‐bit‐rate optical transmission systems, the trend is to deploy a dispersion compensation scheme. In the design of such a scheme, optimal DCR shall be carefully chosen for different situations, such as different signal power and transmission length. This Letter describes the simulation of the dispersion‐managed systems of 40‐Gb/s bit rate. The DCR values for different signal power and transmission length are different. An explanation is given for the differences, and the proper design scheme for the high‐bit‐rate dispersion‐managed system for different situations. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 33: 392–394, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10332
A DWDM system for 256‐QAM transmission over 4‐km multimode fiber
Authors: Lu Hai‐Han , Ma Hsien‐Li , Lee Chi‐Sen , Lee Ching‐Ting 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis study demonstrated a four‐wavelength dense‐wavelength‐division‐multiplexing (DWDM) system for 256‐QAM digital signals over a 4‐km multimode fiber (MMF) transmission. Such a DWDM 256‐QAM subcarrier multiplexed (SCM) system has the transmission capacity of 10 Gbit/s over a 4‐km MMF transmission by using 252 simulated continuous‐wave (CW) carriers. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 33: 419–421, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10339
New algorithms of the TSM and TOM methods for calibrating microwave test fixtures
Authors: Zhu Ning Hua , Chen Zhen Yu , Wang You Lin 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBased on the conventional through‐short‐match (TSM) method, an improved TSM method has been proposed in this Letter. This method gives an analytical solution and has almost all the advantages of conventional TSM methods. For example, it has no phase uncertainty and no bandwidth limitation. The experimental results show that the accuracy can be significantly improved with this method. The proposed theory can be applied to the through‐open‐match (TOM) method. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 34: 26–31, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10363
Microwave ferrite variable polarizer in a square waveguide with dielectric loading
Authors: Che Wenquan , Ma Jinping , Yung Edward K. N. , Wen Junding 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe microwave ferrite variable polarizer in a square waveguide is investigated in this Letter. The nodal finite‐element method (FEM) is employed to analyze the differential phase shift characteristic of the device. The numerical and experimental results all indicate that the dielectric loading can increase the differential phase shift by about 30–40%, but has little effect on the VSWR and insertion loss of the device. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 34: 70–73, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10376
Multilevel fast multipole algorithm for three‐dimensional dielectric targets in the vicinity of a lossy half space
Authors: He Jiangqi , Sullivan Anders , Carin Lawrence 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe multilevel fast multipole algorithm (MLFMA) is applied to the problem of a general three‐dimensional dielectric target above or below a lossy half space. The dyadic half‐space Green's function is evaluated rigorously for the “near” MLFMA interactions, while an asymptotic Green's function approximation is applied for the “far” interactions. The model is discussed, and results are compared with those from a rigorous method‐of‐moments (MoM) analysis. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 29: 100–104, 2001.
Demonstration of an all‐optical switch using cross‐polarization modulation in semiconductor optical amplifiers
Authors: Soto H. , Dominguez J. C. , Erasme D. , Guekos G. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe propose an all‐optical switch based on cross‐polarization modulation in a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA), operating at 2.5 Gbits/s with an NRZ pseudorandom data sequence. The effect consists of an induced modification of the birefringence and waveguide eigenmodes of an SOA produced by a strong control beam. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 29: 205–208, 2001.
Broadside couplings for high‐selectivity microstrip filters
Authors: Melcón Alejandro Alvarez , Mosig Juan R. , Guglielmi Marco 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper describes a number of broadside‐coupled microstrip structures and their use for the implementation of high‐selectivity multilayered filters. The broadside configuration allows for the introduction of cross couplings between nonadjacent resonators. The cross couplings can then be used to implement transmission zeros that can significantly increase the selectivity of the filters. Furthermore, the investigation shows that the amount of coupling can be considerably increased if the resonators are broadside coupled, thus easily allowing the implementation of broadband filters. Measured results are shown to agree with predictions, thereby fully validating the new structures described. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 30: 295–302, 2001.
60 GHz fiber‐radio communication system for indoor ATM network
Authors: Dupont S. , Loyez C. , Rolland N. , Rolland P. A. , Lafond O. , Cadiou J. F. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper presents a 60 GHz radio over fiber communication system for high‐data‐rate ATM indoor transmission. The radio interface is fully MMIC integrated (OMMIC ED 0.2 AH foundry). The system has been successfully tested in an indoor environment for a data rate up to 100 Mbits/s. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 30: 307–310, 2001.
Light‐emission potential of Si‐based nanostructures from calculated absorption coefficient
Authors: Ghosh Sumitra , Basu P. K. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe values of the absorption coefficient in coupled Si/SiGe and Si/SiGeC nanostructures are calculated for quasidirect no‐phonon transition due to the momentum spread of electrons spatially confined in ultrathin layers. The values in quantum dots are found to be as large as that in bulk GaAs. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 30: 352–355, 2001.