bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 2, 4 supersymmetric linear W∞[λ] algebras for generic λ parameter
Authors: Ahn Changhyun , Kim Man Hea 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The four different kinds of currents are given by the multiple (β, γ) and (b, c) ghost systems with a multiple product of derivatives. We determine their complete algebra where the structure constants depend on the deformation parameter λ appearing in the conformal weights of above fields nontrivially and depend on the generic spins h1 and h2 appearing on the left hand sides in the (anti)commutators. By taking the linear combinations of these currents, the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 supersymmetric linear W∞[λ] algebra (and its $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 superspace description) for generic λ is obtained explicitly. Moreover, we determine the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 supersymmetric linear W∞[λ] algebra for arbitrary λ. As a by product, the λ deformed bosonic W1+∞[λ] × W1+∞$$ \left[\lambda +\frac{1}{2}\right] $$

λ
+

1
2

subalgebra (a generalization of Pope, Romans and Shen’s work in 1990) is obtained. The first factor is realized by (b, c) fermionic fields while the second factor is realized by (β, γ) bosonic fields. The degrees of the polynomials in λ for the structure constants are given by (h1 + h2 – 2). Each w1+∞ algebra from the celestial holography is reproduced by taking the vanishing limit of other deformation prameter q at λ = 0 with the contractions of the currents.
Spontaneously interacting qubits from Gauss-Bonnet
Authors: Prudhoe Sean , Kumar Rishabh , Shandera Sarah 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Building on previous constructions examining how a collection of small, locally interacting quantum systems might emerge via spontaneous symmetry breaking from a single-particle system of high dimension, we consider a larger family of geometric loss functionals and explicitly construct several classes of critical metrics which “know about qubits” (KAQ). The loss functional consists of the Ricci scalar with the addition of the Gauss-Bonnet term, which introduces an order parameter that allows for spontaneous symmetry breaking. The appeal of this method is two-fold: (i) the Ricci scalar has already been shown to have KAQ critical metrics and (ii) exact equations of motions are known for loss functionals with generic curvature terms up to two derivatives. We show that KAQ critical metrics, which are solutions to the equations of motion in the space of left-invariant metrics with fixed determinant, exist for loss functionals that include the Gauss-Bonnet term. We find that exploiting the subalgebra structure leads us to natural classes of KAQ metrics which contain the familiar distributions (GUE, GOE, GSE) for random Hamiltonians. We introduce tools for this analysis that will allow for straightfoward, although numerically intensive, extension to other loss functionals and higher-dimension systems.
Functional and structural analysis of a cyclization domain in a cyclic β-1,2-glucan synthase
Authors: Tanaka Nobukiyo , Saito Ryotaro , Kobayashi Kaito , Nakai Hiroyuki , Kamo Shogo , Kuramochi Kouji , Taguchi Hayao , Nakajima Masahiro , Masaike Tomoko 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Cyclic β-1,2-glucan synthase (CGS) is a key enzyme in production of cyclic β-1,2-glucans (CβGs) which are involved in bacterial infection or symbiosis to host organisms. Nevertheless, a mechanism of cyclization, the final step in the CGS reaction, has not been fully understood. Here we performed functional and structural analyses of the cyclization domain of CGS alone from Thermoanaerobacter italicus (TiCGSCy). We first found that β-glucosidase-resistant compounds are produced by TiCGSCy with linear β-1,2-glucans as substrates. The 1H-NMR analysis revealed that these products are CβGs. Next, action pattern analyses using β-1,2-glucooligosaccharides revealed a unique reaction pattern: exclusive transglycosylation without hydrolysis and a hexasaccharide being the minimum length of the substrate. These analyses also showed that longer substrate β-1,2-glucooligosaccharides are preferred, being consistent with the fact that CGSs generally produce CβGs with degrees of polymerization of around 20. Finally, the overall structure of the cyclization domain of TiCGSCy was found to be similar to those of β-1,2-glucanases in phylogenetically different groups. Meanwhile, the identified catalytic residues indicated clear differences in the reaction pathways between these enzymes. Overall, we propose a novel reaction mechanism of TiCGSCy. Thus, the present group of CGSs defines a new glycoside hydrolase family, GH189.

Key points
• It was clearly evidenced that cyclization domain alone produces cyclic β-1,2-glucans.
• The domain exclusively catalyzes transglycosylation without hydrolysis.
• The present catalytic domain defines as a new glycoside hydrolase family 189.

Graphical Abstract
Interplay between Livestock Grazing and Aridity on the Ecological and Nutritional Value of Forage in Semi-arid Mediterranean Rangelands (NE Spain)
Authors: Arroyo Antonio I. , Pueyo Yolanda , Barrantes Olivia , Alados Concepción L. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRangeland-based livestock production constitutes a primary source of livelihood for many inhabitants of dryland regions. Their subsistence relies heavily on maintaining the productivity, biodiversity and services of these ecosystems. Harsh environmental conditions (e.g., drought) combined with land use intensification (e.g., overgrazing) make dryland ecosystems vulnerable and prone to degradation. However, the interplay between livestock grazing intensity and aridity conditions in driving the conservation and nutritional value of forage in arid and semi-arid rangelands is still not fully understood. In this study, we performed structural equation models (SEM) to assess the simultaneous direct and indirect effects of livestock grazing intensity and aridity level on community structure, diversity, biomass, forage production, forage C:N ratio and forage fiber composition in two semi-arid Mediterranean rangelands, NE Spain. Not surprisingly, we found that higher livestock grazing intensity led to lower community plant cover, especially when combined with higher aridity. However, both increasing grazing intensity and aridity were associated with higher forage production after one year of grazing exclusion. We did not find any adverse effect of livestock grazing on plant diversity, although plant species composition differed among grazing intensity levels. On the other hand, we found an aridity-driven trade-off in regard of the nutritional value of forage. Specifically, higher aridity was associated with a decrease in the least digestible fiber fraction (i.e., lignin) and an increase in forage C:N ratio. More interestingly, we found that livestock grazing modulated this trade-off by improving the overall forage nutritional value. Altogether, our results provide further insights into the management of semi-arid Mediterranean rangelands, pointing out that maintaining traditional rangeland-based livestock production may be a sustainable option as long as rangeland conservation (e.g., community plant cover) is not severely compromised.
Development and outcomes of surgical and urological kidney transplantation programs in Germany: a total population analysis from 2006 to 2021
Authors: Reimold Philipp , Aksoy Cem , Beckmann Jonas , Zacharis Aristeidis , Groeben Christer , Karschuck Philipp , Eisenmenger Nicole , Geks Josef , Huber Johannes , Flegar Luka 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Kidney transplantation (KT) is the most frequently performed organ transplantation. In Germany, KT is performed in urology and surgery departments with unknown consequences of this parallel structure. The aim of the study was to compare the development and outcome of KT in urology and surgery departments.

Methods
On an institutional level, we analyzed the annual caseload from 2006 to 2021 with the reimbursement. INFO tool based on hospitals’ quality reports (Reimbursement Institute, Hürth, Germany). For outcome comparison we extracted raw data from the transplantation centers' quality reports (Deutsche Stiftung Organtransplantation, DSO).

Results
A total of 23,599 cases (17,781 deceased donor and 5,818 living donor KTs) were included. The total number of KTs decreased from 1851 in 2006 to 1701 in 2021 (− 8%; p = 0.12). The total number of urological KTs decreased from 592 cases in 2006 to 395 cases in 2021 (− 33.3%; p = 0.01). Further analysis revealed no significant differences between intra- and postoperative complications and graft quality at one year for deceased donor KTs (DDKT) although differences in immediate renal function and graft quality at discharge could be observed. There were no significant differences in immediate renal function and graft quality at discharge for living donor KTs (LDKT) between the specialties.

Conclusion
KTs performed in urology departments declined between 2006 and 2021. Nevertheless, intra- and postoperative complications as well as long-term function did not differ between surgical and urological KT programs. Hence, an interdisciplinary approach, especially considering the upcoming challenges in KT as, e.g., robot-assisted surgery seems reasonable.
Higher quantiles of sea levels rise faster in Baltic Sea Climate projections
Authors: Dieterich Christian , Radtke Hagen 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAbsolute sea levels in the Baltic Sea will rise under the influence of climate warming, similar to those in the world ocean. For extreme sea levels, there are indications that they will rise even faster than mean sea levels, but that topic is still controversially discussed and existing studies point into different directions. We analyzed a regional climate model ensemble for the Baltic Sea for future sea level changes. We find that the rate of change differs between high sea levels and the average: In the eastern part of the Baltic Sea, the 99th percentile of sea level was predicted to rise faster than the median. In the south-western part, the relation was opposite. Thus, our simulations predict a change not only in the sea level mean, but also in its distribution. This pattern was almost consistent between the individual ensemble members. We investigated the 99th percentile as a proxy for extreme sea levels, since their partially stochastic nature limits the predictive skill of our 20-member ensemble. Our findings imply that adapting coastal protection to mean sea level change only may be regionally insufficient.
A biphasic response to blueberry supplementation on depressive symptoms in emerging adults: a double-blind randomized controlled trial
Authors: Velichkov Martin , Bezur Zsofia , van Reekum Carien M. , Williams Claire M. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of the present study was to examine the acute and chronic effects of wild blueberry supplementation on mood, executive function, and serum biomarkers of neuroplasticity, inflammation, and oxidative stress in emerging adults with moderate-to-severe depressive symptoms.

Methods
In this double-blind trial, 60 emerging adults (Mage = 20.0 years, 32% male) with self-reported depressive symptoms were randomly assigned to receive a single blueberry drink (acute phase), followed by 6 weeks of daily blueberry supplementation (chronic phase), or a matched placebo drink. The primary outcome was Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) scores at 6-week follow-up. Further measures included momentary affect (PANAS-X) and accuracy on an executive function task. The data were analyzed using ANCOVAs adjusted for baseline values, sex, and habitual fruit and vegetable intake. Estimated marginal means were calculated to compare the treatment arms.

Results
The blueberry drink significantly improved positive affect (p = 0.026) and executive function (p = 0.025) at 2 h post-ingestion, with change scores being positively correlated in the blueberry group (r = 0.424, p = 0.017). However, after six weeks of supplementation the reduction in BDI-II scores was greater in the placebo group by 5.8 points (95% CI: 0.8–10.7, p = 0.023). Generalized anxiety and anhedonia also decreased significantly more in the placebo group. No significant differences were found for any of the biomarkers.

Conclusions
Six weeks of wild blueberry supplementation were inferior to placebo in reducing depressive symptoms. Nevertheless, the correlated improvements in positive affect and executive function after a single dose of blueberries point to a beneficial, albeit transient, psychological effect. These contrasting results suggest a biphasic, hormetic-like response that warrants further investigation.
Trial registration: NCT04647019, dated 30 November, 2020.
Positional nystagmus is observed in the vast majority of healthy individuals
Authors: Rasmussen Mads Bolding , Sørensen Rasmus , Hougaard Dan Dupont 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is a vestibular disease characterized by brief positional vertigo. When examined, characteristic patterns of positional nystagmus (PN) are found with specific head position changes. Previous studies have shown a high prevalence of PN among vestibular healthy subjects. Considering the current diagnostic criteria of BPPV and the potentially high prevalence of PN in healthy individuals, this raises the question of potential over diagnosing BPPV, if diagnostics are based exclusively upon objective findings. This study aims to determine the prevalence of PN within a healthy, adult population and furthermore include a characterization of the PN observed.

Methods
This is a prospective cross-sectional study. 78 subjects were included. The subjects underwent four standardized positional tests for BPPV in a mechanical rotational chair while using a VNG-goggle to monitor and record eye movements.

Results
Positional nystagmus was recorded in 70.5% (55/78) of the subjects. Of the 55 subjects, who presented with PN, 81.8% (45/55) had upbeating PN. The 95th percentile of the maximum a-SPV was found to be 10.4 degrees per second, with a median of 4. Five subjects (6.4%) in total presented with PN mimicking BPPV.

Conclusion
This study found PN to be a common finding within a healthy, adult population based on the high prevalence of PN in the study population. Upbeating PN mimicking posterior canalolithiasis was found in numerous subjects. The authors recommend a cautious approach when diagnosing BPPV, especially in cases of purely vertical PN (without a torsional component) and if no vertiginous symptoms are present during Dix-Hallpike and Supine Roll Test examinations.
Upregulation of CCNB2 and a novel lncRNAs-related risk model predict prognosis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Ren Congzhe , Wang Qihua , Xu Zhunan , Pan Yang , Wang Shangren , Liu Xiaoqiang 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the main type of renal cell carcinoma. Cyclin B2 (CCNB2) is a subtype of B-type cyclin that is associated with the prognosis of several cancers. This study aimed to identify the relationship between CCNB2 and progression of ccRCC and construct a novel lncRNAs-related model to predict prognosis of ccRCC patients.

Methods
The data were obtained from public databases. We identified CCNB2 in ccRCC using Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, univariate and multivariate Cox regression, and Gene Ontology analysis. External validation was then performed. The risk model was constructed based on prognostic lncRNAs by the LASSO algorithm and multivariate Cox regression. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves were used to evaluate the model. Consensus clustering analysis was performed to re-stratify the patients. Finally, we analyzed the tumor-immune microenvironment and performed screening of potential drugs.

Results
CCNB2 associated with late clinicopathological parameters and poor prognosis in ccRCC and was an independent predictor for disease-free survival. In addition, CCNB2 shared the same expression pattern with known suppressive immune checkpoints. A risk model dependent on the expression of three prognostic CCNB2-related lncRNAs (SNHG17, VPS9D1-AS1, and ZMIZ1-AS1) was constructed. The risk signature was an independent predictor of ccRCC. The area under the ROC (AUC) curve for overall survival at 1-, 3-, 5-, and 8-year was 0.704, 0.702, 0.741, and 0.763. The high-risk group and cluster 2 had stronger immunogenicity and were more sensitive to immunotherapy.

Conclusion
CCNB2 could be an important biomarker for predicting prognosis in ccRCC patients. Furthermore, we developed a novel lncRNAs-related risk model and identified two CCNB2-related molecular clusters. The risk model performed well in predicting overall survival and immunological microenvironment of ccRCC.
The highly nonlinear shallow water equation: local well-posedness, wave breaking data and non-existence of sech$$^2$$ solutions
Authors: Khorbatly Bashar 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn the context of the initial data and an amplitude parameter $$\varepsilon $$
ε
, we establish a local existence result for a highly nonlinear shallow water equation on the real line. This result holds in the space $$H^k$$

H
k

as long as $$k>5/2$$

k
>
5
/
2

. Additionally, we illustrate that the threshold time for the occurrence of wave breaking in the surging type is on the order of $$\varepsilon ^{-1},$$

ε

-
1

,

while plunging breakers do not manifest. Lastly, in accordance with ODE theory, it is demonstrated that there are no exact solitary wave solutions in the form of sech and $$sech^2$$

s
e
c

h
2

.
Genetic blueprint of congenital muscular dystrophies with brain malformations in Egypt: A report of 11 families
Authors: Safwat Sylvia , Flannery Kyle P. , El Beheiry Ahmed A. , Mokhtar Mohamed M. , Abdalla Ebtesam , Manzini M. Chiara 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCongenital muscular dystrophies (CMDs) are a group of rare muscle disorders characterized by early onset hypotonia and motor developmental delay associated with brain malformations with or without eye anomalies in the most severe cases. In this study, we aimed to uncover the genetic basis of severe CMD in Egypt and to determine the efficacy of whole exome sequencing (WES)-based genetic diagnosis in this population. We recruited twelve individuals from eleven families with a clinical diagnosis of CMD with brain malformations that fell into two groups: seven patients with suspected dystroglycanopathy and five patients with suspected merosin-deficient CMD. WES was analyzed by variant filtering using multiple approaches including splicing and copy number variant (CNV) analysis. We identified likely pathogenic variants in FKRP in two cases and variants in POMT1, POMK, and B3GALNT2 in three individuals. All individuals with merosin-deficient CMD had truncating variants in LAMA2. Further analysis in one of the two unsolved cases showed a homozygous protein-truncating variant in Feline Leukemia Virus subgroup C Receptor 1 (FLVCR1). FLVCR1 loss of function has never been previously reported. Yet, loss of function of its paralog, FLVCR2, causes lethal hydranencephaly-hydrocephaly syndrome (Fowler Syndrome) which should be considered in the differential diagnosis for dystroglycanopathy. Overall, we reached a diagnostic rate of 86% (6/7) for dystroglycanopathies and 100% (5/5) for merosinopathy. In conclusion, our results provide further evidence that WES is an important diagnostic method in CMD in developing countries to improve the diagnostic rate, management plan, and genetic counseling for these disorders.
Klinische Krisenintervention (KKI) in zentralen Notaufnahmen deutscher Universitätskliniken – eine bundesweite Evaluationsstudie
Authors: Gräff Ingo , Kaschull Karoline , Glatz Bastian , Seinsch Petra 
Published: February 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Konfrontation mit medizinischen Extremsituationen gehört für die Notfallmediziner*innen und Notfallpflegenden der zentralen Notaufnahmen zum beruflichen Alltag. Für die betroffenen Patient*innen und deren Angehörige wie auch für das behandelnde medizinische Personal ist das resultierende Belastungspotenzial hoch, bis hin zur potenziellen Traumatisierung.

Ziel der Arbeit
Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht erstmalig die Struktur der klinischen Krisenintervention (KKI) in der klinischen Akut- und Notfallmedizin an deutschen Universitätskliniken. Es werden neben einer Ist-Stand-Evaluation auch Bedarfe und Indikationen aufgezeigt, um prospektiv mögliche Entwicklungen für das wichtige Themenfeld ableiten zu können.

Methodik
Bundesweite multizentrische prospektive Evaluationsstudie.

Ergebnisse
Die Rücklaufquote lag mit 30 von 36 angefragten Einrichtungen bei 83 %. Die Ergebnisse zeichnen erwartungsgemäß kein homogenes Bild zur aktuellen Situation strukturierter klinischer Krisenintervention in deutschen Notaufnahmen. 23 % (n = 7) der Einrichtungen haben kein strukturiertes Angebot zur Unterstützung in krisenhaften Situationen. Dies wird im Wesentlichen durch das Fehlen eines tragfähigen Konzepts, einhergehend mit knappen finanziellen und personellen Ressourcen, begründet. 86 % der Einrichtungen ohne KKI sehen eine strukturierte Krisenintervention in ihrem Bereich als notwendig an. Der größte Bedarf einer zusätzlichen Krisenintervention wird bei Tod bzw. einer schweren Verletzung im Kindesalter beziffert. 77 % (n = 23) der befragten Einrichtungen gaben an, ein strukturiertes Unterstützungsangebot zu haben, welches sich in knapp der Hälfte durch eine komplett eigenständige Organisationsstruktur unter Einbindung im Wesentlichen von Seelsorger*innen und Psycholog*innen auszeichnet.

Diskussion
Aufgrund bislang fehlender Qualitätsstandards und Leitlinien für die klinische Krisenintervention ergibt sich die Notwendigkeit für die Kliniken, entsprechende Strukturen eigenständig zu erarbeiten. Umso wichtiger erscheint es, dass weiter an der Qualität, einer standardisierten Ausbildung und auch einer Erweiterung der individuellen Verfügbarkeiten in den Häusern gearbeitet wird.
Overview of temporal action detection based on deep learning
Authors: Hu Kai , Shen Chaowen , Wang Tianyan , Xu Keer , Xia Qingfeng , Xia Min , Cai Chengxue 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTemporal Action Detection (TAD) aims to accurately capture each action interval in an untrimmed video and to understand human actions. This paper comprehensively surveys the state-of-the-art techniques and models used for TAD task. Firstly, it conducts comprehensive research on this field through Citespace and comprehensively introduce relevant dataset. Secondly, it summarizes three types of methods, i.e., anchor-based, boundary-based, and query-based, from the design method level. Thirdly, it summarizes three types of supervised learning methods from the level of learning methods, i.e., fully supervised, weakly supervised, and unsupervised. Finally, this paper explores the current problems, and proposes prospects in TAD task.