bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Brief Training for Neonatal Intensive Care Nurses on the Prevention of Medical Device-Related Nasal Pressure Injury
Authors: Ergün Kübra , Aktaş Eda 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the effectiveness of a brief training in medical device-related pressure injury (MDRPI) prevention for neonatal intensive care nurses.

METHODS
This single-group, pretest-posttest quasi-experimental study was conducted between April and October 2021 with 81 nurses working in the neonatal ICU of a city hospital. The participants completed a training program consisting of two 40-minute sessions that used a small-group problem-based learning approach developed in accordance with evidence-based research. Data were collected using a neonatal nurse information form, knowledge of MDRPI in preterm infants form, and training evaluation form, all of which were prepared for this study based on the literature. Data collection was performed before the training and repeated at 1 week and 1 month after the training. Data analysis was performed using the Number Cruncher Statistical System. Descriptive statistics, the Shapiro-Wilk test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Spearman correlation analysis were used.

RESULTS
The participants’ mean score on the knowledge of MDRPI in premature infants form was 82.44 ± 7.26 before training and increased significantly to 94.57 ± 5.03 at 1 week and 94.67 ± 3.11 at 1 month after training (P = .001 and P = .001, respectively). No significant relationship was detected between the participants’ descriptive characteristics and their knowledge scores before or after the training (P > .05).

CONCLUSIONS
Brief training on the prevention of nasal pressure injury caused by noninvasive ventilation increased nurses’ knowledge level.
Urinary tract infections in pediatric orthopedic surgical patients: a Single Institution National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Study
Authors: Brar Ravinder K. , Weiser Lucas , Copp Hillary L. , Livingston Kristin S. 
Published: February 2024

Objective
Perioperative urinary tract infections (UTIs) are poorly studied among pediatric orthopedic surgical patients. We evaluated the incidence of and risk factors for UTI in a large volume of pediatric orthopedic surgical patients.

Methods
Children <18 who underwent orthopedic surgery between March 2015 and December 2018 were analyzed using our institution’s National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) data. Demographic, perioperative and outcome data of patients who developed a UTI within 30 days of surgery were compared to patients without UTI.

Results
NSQIP data were available for 520 surgeries (324 girls and 196 boys). Median age at surgery was 13.5 years. A Foley was placed in 301/520 cases (88/196 boys and 213/324 girls) in 264 children. Six cases of UTI occurred within 30 days of surgery (1.2% of surgeries). The UTI rate among patients with a Foley was 2.3%, and among girls with a Foley was 2.8%. No UTIs occurred without a Foley, nor any in boys. All six occurred in the American Society of Anesthesiologists Class 2 females, ages 7–15 undergoing elective surgery with Foley for over 48 h. Factors associated with an increased odds of developing UTI included: higher BMI [OR, 1.12 (CI, 1.01–1.22; P = 0.03)], developmental delay [OR, 7.82 (CI, 1.40–43.7; P = 0.02)], structural central nervous system abnormality [OR, 17.5 (CI, 3.89–90.4; P = 0.01)], longer duration with Foley [OR, 1.68 (CI, 1.22–2.32; P = 0.002)] and hospital readmission within 30 days [OR 14.2 (CI, 2.32–87.3; P = 0.004)].

Conclusion
Risk of UTI is low after pediatric orthopedic surgery. Girls with comorbidities including structural central nervous system abnormality, developmental delay and higher BMI with prolonged Foley catheterization may have higher postoperative UTI risk. Level of Evidence: II.
An Analysis of Mental Health Representation in the Technical Standards of Physician Assistant Programs
Authors: Calhoun Bridget , Swift Matthew , Baney Jordan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The purpose of this descriptive research project was to examine the technical standards of physician assistant (PA) programs for mental health keywords, phrases, and themes. Each program’s standards were analyzed, and keywords, phrases, and major themes were extracted and compared. The results demonstrate that most US PA programs include language related to mental health in their technical standards including theme areas of emotional health, emotional stability, mental health, emotional well-being, and stress management. No patterns between the wording of mental health content and accreditation status emerged. Given the increasing proportion of mental health diagnoses among the general population, and, by extension, applicants to PA training programs, institutions are encouraged to re-evaluate their technical standards to ensure they remain current and appropriate and contain language inclusive of mental health domains such as emotional stability, emotional health, and stress management.
Trust Your Fingers: Determining the Reliability and Validity of the Measurement of the Diastasis of the Rectus Abdominis Muscle by Palpation and Tape Measure
Authors: Zavagni Käthi , Stauffer Mirjam , Meier Hannah , Knols Rudolf H. , Kimmich Nina 
Published: February 2024

Background:
Diastasis of the rectus abdominis muscle (DRAM) occurs in about 60% of pregnant women and often persists after delivery. Currently, the reference standard to measure DRAM is ultrasonography, and physiotherapy is considered first-line treatment. Most physiotherapists do not base their DRAM assessment on ultrasonography but instead on palpatory evaluation with tape measures. This method is neither standardized nor has been tested for its reliability or validity in women with interrectus distance (IRD) of 30 mm and greater.

Objectives:
To assess the reliability of the measurements of DRAM by palpation with tape measure and to evaluate its validity compared with ultrasonography.

Study Design:
Prospective observational study.

Methods:
Two physiotherapists assessed test-retest, intra- and interrater reliability of this method in 20 women with IRD of 30 mm and greater, using intraclass correlations (ICC) and compared the values with ultrasonography to establish its validity using Spearman ρ and Bland-Altman plots. The interval between the 2 sessions was 7 days and greater.

Results:
The ICC values for test-retest reliability ranged from 0.67 to 0.95 and between 0.40 and 0.85 for intrarater reliability. The ICC values for interrater reliability ranged from 0.13 to 0.29. In terms of validity, correlations were inconsistent with Spearman ρ ranging from −0.24 to 0.74.

Conclusion:
Single palpatory measurement with tape above the umbilicus and during partial curl-up might detect changes in IRD of 15.5 mm and greater over time in women with IRD of 30 mm and greater. It cannot replace ultrasonographic measurements in accuracy but might be the only available option for IRDs larger than the ultrasonographic probe.
Executive Functioning in Females Living With Chronic Pelvic Pain: A Pilot Study
Authors: Guitar Nicole A. , Connelly Denise M. , Murray Laura L. , Hunter Susan W. 
Published: February 2024

Background:
Chronic pelvic pain (CPP) is a musculoskeletal condition that is treated by physiotherapists. CPP refers to constant or intermittent pain in the pelvic region lasting at least 6 months in duration. Despite links between other chronic pain conditions and impaired executive functioning (EF), the relationship between CPP and EF has not been examined.

Objectives:
To examine (1) the feasibility of recruitment, retention of potential participants, and virtual data collection to discover; (2) whether EF assessment measures suggest the presence of EF impairment in participants living with CPP; and (3) how self-reported scores on pain catastrophizing, central sensitization, depression, anxiety, and stress among those living with CPP compare with normative data.

Study Design:
In this cross-sectional pilot study, participants were included if they self-identified as a female, reported living with CPP, and were 18 to 40 years of age.

Method:
Virtual interviews were conducted to administer the Central Sensitization Inventory, Pain Catastrophizing Scale, short version of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale, Oral Trail-Making Test, a phonemic verbal fluency FAS test, and the Executive Skills Questionnaire-Revised.

Results:
A total of 35 people participated in the study (60.34% of all interested potential participants). When compared with normative data, participants displayed difficulties on the verbal fluency FAS test and the Executive Skills Questionnaire-Revised.

Conclusion:
It is feasible to recruit and retain participants using virtual interviews to study EF in females living with CPP. Some assessment measures of EF indicated the presence of impairment. Central sensitization, catastrophizing, depression, anxiety, and stress scores were high.
Building Leaders for an Equitable and Inclusive Future
Authors: Bacon Cynthia Thornton , Caramanica Laura , Prestia Angela , Snow Francine 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The Association for Leadership Science in Nursing (ALSN) 2023 International Conference was held on October 28 to 30 in Birmingham, Alabama, and sponsored by the University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Nursing. ALSN is dedicated to uniting academic and practice leaders to shape leadership science, education in nursing, and the practice of nursing leadership. The theme for the conference was Building Leaders for an Equitable and Inclusive Future. Nurse leaders from the United States, Canada, and Brazil gathered to discuss leadership science.
Evaluating a Workplace Violence Management Program and Nurses' Confidence in Coping With Patient Aggression
Authors: Emmerling Sheryl A. , McGarvey Jeremy S. , Burdette Kaitlyn S. 
Published: February 2024

OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to evaluate nurse confidence in coping with patient aggression after implementing a workplace violence prevention program that includes management and postevent support.

BACKGROUND
Patient aggression toward nurses is increasing, leading many healthcare organizations to develop workplace violence prevention programs.

METHODS
This cross-sectional study was conducted at a large healthcare system in the Midwestern United States. Clinical nurses caring for adult patients across the care continuum ≥51% of the time were invited to participate.

RESULTS
In situ simulation plus standard training did not have a significant impact on confidence after controlling for the year education occurred; however, nurses completing training in 2022 had significantly higher confidence than nurses completing training in 2019. Use of the Violence Assessment Tool and participating in a post–control alert debriefing were also associated with significantly higher confidence.

CONCLUSION
Factors other than education may influence nurses' confidence in coping with patient aggression.
The Level of Political Astuteness in Nursing Leaders
Authors: O'Hanlon Curry Joan , Fitzpatrick Joyce J. 
Published: February 2024

OBJECTIVE
To assess the baseline knowledge of nursing leaders regarding political advocacy and healthcare policy.

BACKGROUND
Although there has been considerable attention to the need for nurses' involvement in health policy, there has not been a prior assessment of the political astuteness of nursing leaders.

METHODS
Researchers analyzed self-reported data from 101 nursing leaders collected via electronic survey from American Organization for Nursing Leadership members. Descriptive, correlational analysis of data assessing political astuteness and background information was completed.

RESULTS
Half of the nurse leader participants demonstrated slight political astuteness. Nurse executives, including those in chief nursing officer, chief nurse executive, and vice president positions, had higher levels of political astuteness than those in nurse director and manager positions.

CONCLUSION
Nursing leaders have beginning levels of political astuteness. Formal education is recommended to increase the knowledge base of nurse leaders in the areas of understanding the political and legislative process and the skills needed to advocate regarding healthcare policy, thus increasing their level of political astuteness.
The Promise of Endovascular Neurotechnology: A Brain-Computer Interface to Restore Autonomy to People with Motor Impairment
Authors: Oxley Thomas J. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This Joel A. DeLisa Lecture on endovascular brain-computer interfaces was presented by Dr. Thomas Oxley on February 23, 2023, at the Association of Academic Physiatrists Annual Scientific Meeting. The lecture described how brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) replace lost physiological function to enable direct communication between the brain and external digital devices such as computers, smartphones, and robotic limbs. Specifically, the potential of a novel endovascular BCI technology was discussed. The BCI uses a stent-electrode array delivered via the jugular vein and is permanently implanted in a vein adjacent to the motor cortex. In a first-in-human clinical trial, participants with upper limb paralysis who received the endovascular BCI could use the system independently and at home to operate laptop computers for various instrumental activities of daily living. An FDA-approved trial of the endovascular BCI in the United States is in progress. Future development of the system will provide recipients with continuous autonomy through digital access with minimal caregiver assistance. Physiatrists and occupational therapists will have a vital role in helping people with paralysis achieve the potential of implantable BCIs.
High-Volume Drainless Lipoabdominoplasty with Progressive Tension Sutures: UK Experience
Authors: Bendon Charlotte L. , Marsh Dan , Akhavani Mo 
Published: February 2024

Background:
Lipoabdominoplasty is an established technique, but outcomes of high lipoaspirate volumes in large series are lacking. The authors present the UK experience of high-volume, drainless lipoabdominoplasty using progressive deep tension sutures.

Methods:
A total of 286 consecutive patients at a single center underwent drainless lipoabdominoplasty with a lipoaspirate volume of 500 mL or greater between 2017 and 2023. Surgery was performed under total intravenous anesthesia with SAFELipo, MicroAire, and a superwet technique. Abdominoplasty was commenced through a low convex abdominal incision with multilayer rectus plication, and abdominal closure was undertaken with progressive tension sutures. Logistic regression was used to determine the relationship between lipoaspirate volume and 4 primary outcomes: all complications, delayed healing, seroma, and need for revision.

Results:
The mean lipoaspirate volume was 2392.4 mL (range, 500 to 5900 mL), and the abdominal tissue resection weight was 1392.0 g (range, 346 to 3802 g). One-third of patients had local complications (minor irregularities, 14.0%; abdominal scar problems, 12.9%; umbilical shape or scar, 4.5%; localized infection, 4.2%; and delayed healing, 3.8%). One patient (0.3%) had a small area of localized necrosis that was managed successfully by further tissue advancement. There was 1 abdominal hematoma and 2 systemic complications (venous thromboembolism, 0.3%; and drug-induced hepatitis, 0.3%). The seroma rate was 3.1%. A total of 16.0% of patients required revision under general anesthesia, and 6.6% under a local anesthetic. There was no significant relationship between the lipoaspirate volume and any of the 4 primary outcome measures.

Conclusions:
High-volume liposuction can be performed safely simultaneously with abdominoplasty. The authors’ complication rates are equivalent to or lower than other published data on lipoabdominoplasty, challenging current concepts in body sculpting.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Risk, III.
Contemporary management of open extremity fractures: What you need to know
Authors: Stahel Philip F. , Kaufman Adam M. 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTOpen extremity fractures are high-risk injuries prone to significant complications, including soft tissue loss, bone defects, infection, infected nonunion, and the necessity for limb amputation. Large-scale multicenter prospective studies from the Lower Extremity Assessment Project and the Major Extremity Trauma Research Consortium have provided novel scientific insights pertinent to the timeliness and appropriateness of specific treatment modalities aimed at improving outcomes of patients with open extremity injuries. These include the imperative for early administration of intravenous antibiotics within 3 hours of injury, preferably within 1 hour of hospital admission. Unlike the proven value of early antibiotics, the time to initial surgical debridement does not appear to affect infection rates and patient outcomes. Recent evidence-based consensus guidelines from the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons provide scientific guidance for preventing surgical site infections in patients with open extremity fractures and support the decision making of limb salvage versus amputation in critical open extremity injuries. Patient survival represents the overarching priority in the management of any trauma patient with associated orthopedic injuries. Therefore, the timing and modality of managing open fractures must take into account the patient's physiology, response to resuscitation, and overall injury burden. The present review was designed to provide a state-of-the-art overview on the recommended diagnostic workup and management strategies for patients with open extremity fractures, based on the current scientific evidence.
Stimulation-Induced Seizures in Children Undergoing Stereo-EEG Evaluation
Authors: Manokaran Ranjith Kumar , Ochi Ayako , Weiss Shelly , Yau Ivanna , Sharma Rohit , Otsubo Hiroshi , Ibrahim George M. , Donner Elizabeth J. , Jain Puneet 
Published: February 2024

Purpose:
This study reports our center's initial experience with the use of low-frequency stimulation in provoking stimulation-induced seizures (SIS) in children with drug-resistant epilepsy undergoing stereo-EEG evaluations.

Methods:
This retrospective study enrolled children aged 2 to 18 years with drug-resistant focal epilepsy who underwent stereo-EEG evaluation and extraoperative direct electrical cortical stimulation to elicit seizures. The low-frequency stimulation parameters consisted of biphasic square waveforms at frequency of 1 Hz, pulse width 1 millisecond, current 1 to 3 mA, and train duration of 20 seconds. Various epilepsy-related, imaging, neurophysiology, and surgery-related variables were collected and summarized.

Results:
Fourteen children (mean age 13 years; 57.1% girls) were included, 10 of whom had unilateral stereo-EEG coverage. Cortical stimulation for provoking seizures was performed after a median of 5 days after electrode implantation. The median number of electrode-contacts stimulated per patient was 42. Four patients (28.6%) experienced habitual SIS (all extratemporal). The etiology in three patients was focal cortical dysplasia. Interictal high-frequency oscillations at electrode-contacts provoking SIS were observed in three cases (75%). Two of these individuals (50%) had class 1 International League Against Epilepsy seizure outcome at last follow-up, after the resection of the brain regions generating SIS.

Conclusions:
Low-frequency (1-Hz) stimulation could provoke habitual SIS in nearly one-fourth of children with focal epilepsy undergoing stereo-EEG monitoring. This study provides a limited pediatric experience with the low-frequency cortical stimulation and SIS.
Mean transverse energy, surface chemical and physical characterization of CERN-made Cs-Te photocathodes
Authors: Jones L. B. , Panuganti H. , Benjamin C. , Chevallay E. , Churn H. M. , Fedosseev V. , Noakes T. C. Q. , Soomary L. A. J. , Welsch C. P. 
Published: February 2024

Cesium telluride photocathodes are known to offer high quantum efficiencies under UV illumination combined with good lifetimes compared to other semiconductor photocathodes, making them very popular electron sources for particle accelerator applications. The development of photocathode preparation, characterization, and related expertise at a single accelerator laboratory can be challenging, expensive, and time consuming. Recognizing this, we explored the use of a custom-designed ultrahigh vacuum suitcase for transportation of CERN-made (Switzerland) cesium telluride photocathodes to Daresbury Laboratory (UK) for characterization. We report the synthesis and characterization of a batch of four cesium telluride photocathodes corresponding to our second attempt of transport, following design and process improvements through lessons learned from our first attempt. The photocathode characterization involved, where possible, measurements of the surface elemental composition using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), surface roughness with an in-vacuum scanning tunneling microscope (STM), and quantum efficiency (QE) measurements. Transverse energy distribution curves were obtained over a wide range of illumination wavelengths using the transverse energy spread spectrometer (TESS) at room- and cryogenic temperatures, and the values for mean transverse energy (MTE) were extracted. The photocathodes exhibited distinct thicknesses ranging from ∼50 to ∼120  nm and significant MTE beyond the photoemission threshold which is attributed to the presence of CsxO and Cs phases, as confirmed by XPS analysis. The photocathode that exhibited no carbon or oxygen contamination was measured to have the highest QE of 2.9% at a wavelength of 265 nm at the end of the performance characterization process. The results presented herein offer an insight into the achievements possible through international collaborations by successfully utilizing long-distance transportation of photocathodes by land under ultrahigh vacuum conditions.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
DISCOVER: Deep identification of symbolically concise open-form partial differential equations via enhanced reinforcement learning
Authors: Du Mengge , Chen Yuntian , Zhang Dongxiao 
Published: February 2024

The working mechanisms of complex natural systems tend to abide by concise partial differential equations (PDEs). Methods that directly mine equations from data are called PDE discovery, which reveals consistent physical laws and facilitates our interactions with the natural world. In this paper, an enhanced deep reinforcement-learning framework is proposed to uncover symbolically concise open-form PDEs with little prior knowledge. Particularly, based on a symbol library of basic operators and operands, a PDE can be represented by a tree structure. A structure-aware recurrent neural network agent is designed to capture structured information, and is seamlessly combined with the sparse regression method to generate open-form PDE expressions. All of the generated PDEs are evaluated by a meticulously designed reward function by balancing fitness to data and parsimony, and updated by the model-based reinforcement learning. Customized constraints and regulations are formulated to guarantee the rationality of PDEs in terms of physics and mathematics. Numerical experiments demonstrate that our framework is capable of mining open-form governing equations of several dynamic systems, even with compound equation terms, fractional structure, and high-order derivatives. This method is also applied to a real-world problem of the oceanographic system and demonstrates great potential for knowledge discovery in more complicated circumstances with exceptional efficiency and scalability.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024