bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photon-counting CT-angiography in pre-TAVR aortic annulus assessment: effects of retrospective vs. prospective ECG-synchronization on prosthesis valve selection
Authors: Hagar Muhammad Taha , Kluemper Theresa , Hein Manuel , von Zur Muhlen Constantin , Faby Sebastian , Capilli Fabio , Schuppert Christopher , Schmitt Ramona , Ruile Philipp , Westermann Dirk , Schlett Christopher L. , Bamberg Fabian , Krauss Tobias , Soschynski Martin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTo compare the diagnostic value of ultrahigh-resolution CT-angiography (UHR-CTA) compared with high-pitch spiral CTA (HPS-CTA) using a first-generation, dual-source photon-counting CT (PCD-CT) scanner for preprocedural planning of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Clinically referred patients with severe aortic valve stenosis underwent both, retrospective ECG-gated cardiac UHR-CTA (collimation: 120 × 0.2 mm) and prospective ECG-triggered aortoiliac HPS-CTA (collimation: 144 × 0.4 mm, full spectral capabilities) for TAVR planning from August 2022 to March 2023. Radiation dose was extracted from the CT reports, and the effective dose was calculated. Two radiologists analyzed UHR-CTA and HPS-CTA datasets, assessing the image quality of the aortic annulus, with regard to the lumen visibility and margin delineation using a 4-point visual-grading scale (ranges: 4 = ”excellent” to 1 = ”poor”). Aortic annulus area (AAA) measurements were taken for valve prosthesis sizing, with retrospective UHR-CTA serving as reference standard. A total of 64 patients were included (mean age, 81 years ± 7 SD; 28 women) in this retrospective study. HPS-CTA showed a lower radiation dose, 4.1 mSv vs. 12.6 mSv (p < 0.001). UHR-CTA demonstrated higher image quality to HPS-CTA (median score, 4 [IQR, 3–4] vs. 3 [IQR, 2–3]; p < 0.001). Quantitative assessments of AAA from both CTA datasets were strongly positively correlated (mean 477.4 ± 91.1 mm2 on UHR-CTA and mean 476.5 ± 90.4 mm2 on HPS-CTA, Pearson r2 = 0.857, p < 0.001) with a mean error of 22.3 ± 24.6 mm2 and resulted in identical valve prosthesis sizing in the majority of patients (91%). Patients with lower image quality on HPS-CTA (score value 1 or 2, n = 28) were more likely to receive different sizing recommendations (82%). Both UHR-CTA and HPS-CTA acquisitions using photon-counting CT technology provided reliable aortic annular assessments for TAVR planning. While UHR-CTA offers superior image quality, HPS-CTA is associated with lower radiation exposure. However, severely impaired image quality on HPS-CTA may impact on prosthesis sizing, suggesting that immediate post-scan image evaluations may require complementary UHR-CTA scanning.
Unique continuation problem on RCD Spaces. I
Authors: Deng Qin , Zhao Xinrui 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this note we establish the weak unique continuation theorem for caloric functions on compact RCD(K, 2) spaces and show that there exists an RCD(K, 4) space on which there exist non-trivial eigenfunctions of the Laplacian and non-stationary solutions of the heat equation which vanish up to infinite order at one point . We also establish frequency estimates for eigenfunctions and caloric functions on the metric horn. In particular, this gives a strong unique continuation type result on the metric horn for harmonic functions with a high rate of decay at the horn tip, where it is known that the standard strong unique continuation property fails.
Gravitational fields of axially symmetric compact objects in 5D space–time–matter gravity
Authors: Hernández–Pastora J. L. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn the standard Einstein’s theory the exterior gravitational field of any static and axially symmetric stellar object can be described by means of a single function from which we obtain a metric into a four-dimensional space–time. In this work we present a generalization of those so called Weyl solutions to a space–time–matter metric in a five-dimensional manifold within a non-compactified Kaluza–Klein theory of gravity. The arising field equations reduce to those of vacuum Einstein’s gravity when the metric function associated to the fifth dimension is considered to be constant. The calculation of the geodesics allows to identify the existence or not of different behaviours of test particles, in orbits on a constant plane, between the two metrics. In addition, static solutions on the hypersurface orthogonal to the added dimension but with time dependence in the five-dimensional metric are also obtained. The consequences on the variation of the rest mass, if the fifth dimension is identified with it, are studied.
Solubility and Preferential Solvation of Pyrazinamide in Some Aqueous-Cosolvent Mixtures at 298.15 K
Authors: Rivas-Ozuna Dafne A. , Ortiz Claudia Patricia , Delgado Daniel Ricardo , Martínez Fleming 
Published: February 2024

AbstractEquilibrium solubility of antitubercular agent pyrazinamide in mixed solvents is scarce in the literature. Thus, the mole fraction solubility of this drug in aqueous-cosolvent mixtures of 1,4-dioxane or ethanol has been determined at 298.15 K by means of flask shake and UV–Vis analysis. Solubilities were adequately correlated with the modified Nearly Ideal Binary Solvent/Redlich–Kister model. Moreover, some expressions for the local mole fraction of cosolvents and water around the pyrazinamide molecules in solution were derived on the basis of the inverse Kirkwood Buff integrals. Pyrazinamide is preferentially solvated by water in water-rich mixtures and cosolvent-rich mixtures, but preferentially solvated by cosolvent in mixtures with intermediate compositions.
The built-in selection bias of hazard ratios formalized using structural causal models
Authors: Post Richard A. J. , van den Heuvel Edwin R. , Putter Hein 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIt is known that the hazard ratio lacks a useful causal interpretation. Even for data from a randomized controlled trial, the hazard ratio suffers from so-called built-in selection bias as, over time, the individuals at risk among the exposed and unexposed are no longer exchangeable. In this paper, we formalize how the expectation of the observed hazard ratio evolves and deviates from the causal effect of interest in the presence of heterogeneity of the hazard rate of unexposed individuals (frailty) and heterogeneity in effect (individual modification). For the case of effect heterogeneity, we define the causal hazard ratio. We show that the expected observed hazard ratio equals the ratio of expectations of the latent variables (frailty and modifier) conditionally on survival in the world with and without exposure, respectively. Examples with gamma, inverse Gaussian and compound Poisson distributed frailty and categorical (harming, beneficial or neutral) distributed effect modifiers are presented for illustration. This set of examples shows that an observed hazard ratio with a particular value can arise for all values of the causal hazard ratio. Therefore, the hazard ratio cannot be used as a measure of the causal effect without making untestable assumptions, stressing the importance of using more appropriate estimands, such as contrasts of the survival probabilities.
Predictive role of intracranial PD-L1 expression in a real-world cohort of NSCLC patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibition following brain metastasis resection
Authors: Wasilewski David , Onken Julia , Höricke Paul , Bukatz Jan , Murad Selin , Früh Anton , Shaked Zoe , Misch Martin , Kühl Anja , Klein Oliver , Ehret Felix , Kaul David , Radbruch Helena , Capper David , Vajkoczy Peter , Horst David , Frost Nikolaj , Bischoff Philip 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Emerging evidence suggests that treatment of NSCLC brain metastases with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is associated with response rates similar to those of extracranial disease. Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) tumor proportion score (TPS) serves as a predictive biomarker for ICI response. However, the predictive value of brain metastasis-specific (intracranial) PD-L1 TPS is not established. We investigated the role of intra- and extracranial PD-L1 TPS in NSCLC patients treated with ICI following brain metastasis resection.

Methods
Clinical data from NSCLC patients treated with ICI following brain metastasis resection (n = 64) were analyzed. PD-L1 TPS of brain metastases (n = 64) and available matched extracranial tumor tissue (n = 44) were assessed via immunohistochemistry. Statistical analyses included cut point estimation via maximally selected rank statistics, Kaplan–Meier estimates, and multivariable Cox regression analysis for intracranial progression-free survival (icPFS), extracranial progression-free survival (ecPFS), and overall survival (OS).

Results
PD-L1 expression was found in 54.7% of brain metastases and 68.2% of extracranial tumor tissues, with a median intra- and extracranial PD-L1 TPS of 7.5% (0 – 50%, IQR) and 15.0% (0 – 80%, IQR), respectively. In matched tissue samples, extracranial PD-L1 TPS was significantly higher than intracranial PD-L1 TPS (p = 0.013). Optimal cut points for intracranial and extracranial PD-L1 TPS varied according to outcome parameter assessed. Notably, patients with a high intracranial PD-L1 TPS (> 40%) exhibited significantly longer icPFS as compared to patients with a low intracranial PD-L1 TPS (≤ 40%). The cut point of 40% for intracranial PD-L1 TPS was independently associated with OS, icPFS and ecPFS in multivariable analyses.

Conclusion
Our study highlights the potential role of intracranial PD-L1 TPS in NSCLC, which could be used to predict ICI response in cases where extracranial tissue is not available for PD-L1 assessment as well as to specifically predict intracranial response.
Information-Minimizing Generative Adversarial Network for Fair Generation and Classification
Authors: Chen Qiuling , Ye Ayong , Zhang Yuexin , Chen Jianwei , Huang Chuan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractStudies show that machine learning models trained from biased data can discriminate against groups with certain sensitive attributes. This problem can be mitigated by cleaning the original data or learning fair representations. However, collecting real data in real-life is extremely time and resource-consuming, whereas generative models (e.g., GANs) can create new data that enable more application scenarios. Therefore, utilizing fair data generated by generative models can benefit various downstream tasks. In this paper, we propose a information-minimizing generative adversarial network to improve the fairness of machine learning by generating fair data. An ANOVA-based latent factor is constructed in the input for reducing the accuracy loss, and the joint adversarial training between the generator and classifier can better solve the indirect discrimination and achieve fair classification. Extensive experiments on various environments show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Cross-KG Link Prediction by Learning Substructural Semantics
Authors: Wen Wen , Wu Shiyuan , Cai Ruichu , Hao Zhifeng 
Published: February 2024

AbstractLink prediction across different knowledge graphs (i.e. Cross-KG link prediction) plays an important role in discovering new triples and fusing multi-source knowledge. Existing cross-KG link prediction methods mainly rely on entity and relation alignment, and are challenged by the problems of KG incompleteness, semantic implicitness and ambiguosness. To deal with these challenges, we propose a learning framework that incorporates both node-level and substructure-level context for cross-KG link prediction. The proposed method mainly consists of a neural-based tensor-completion module and a graph-convolutional-network module, which respectively captures the node-level and substructure-level semantics to enhance the performance of cross-KG link prediction. Extensive experiments are conducted on three benchmark datasets. The results show that our method significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art baselines and some interesting analysis on real cases are also provided in this paper.
New product announcements, innovation disclosure, and future firm performance
Authors: Chu Jenny , He Yuan , Hui Kai Wai , Lehavy Reuven 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This study examines the properties of innovation disclosures contained in new product announcements, a form of voluntary, nonfinancial disclosure. We analyze these properties using a novel, text-based measure of the extent of product innovation disclosed in new product announcements. We find that stock prices react more positively to announcements with more extensive innovation disclosure. In our main analyses, we first find that a higher level of innovation disclosure predicts a greater increase in future sales. We further find that this predictive ability falls when managers have stronger incentives to maximize their wealth and when the corporate governance structure and customers’ bargaining power weaken. Our research enhances the understanding of the properties of managerial voluntary, nonfinancial disclosures and contributes a text-based measure of innovation that captures managerial assessment of the extent of product innovation. This new measure is more generalizable and incrementally informative for firm value and future performance than conventional innovation measures that depend on the existence of patents or research and development expenses.
Dietary supplementation with mushroom powder (Agaricus bisporus) on performance, carcass traits, meat quality, and bone biomechanical properties of quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)
Authors: Gökmen Seyit Ahmet , Ünal Kübra , Olgun Osman , Sevim Behlül , Sarmiento-García Ainhoa 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study was performed to determine the effect of mushroom powder (MP) (Agaricus bisporus) supplementation on growing Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). A total of 300 unsexed 1-day-old Japanese quails with similar body weights (8.38 ± 0.2 g) were randomly assigned to five treatment groups with six replications. Additions of 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, or 1.00% of MP to the basal diet were used to develop the treatment groups. Quails were fed ad libitum for 42 days. At the end of the experiment, 12 quails from each experimental unit were euthanised to determine performance, carcass traits, meat quality, and bone biochemical properties. Results showed that all dietary MP did not negatively affect any performance parameters (P > 0.05), while by the third week of life, there was an increase (P < 0.05) in body weight and body weight gain in the quails of the 0.75% MP group compared to the control group. Nevertheless, these differences disappeared at the end of the trial (P > 0.05). No differences were observed (P > 0.05) for any of the studied carcass traits, except for the pancreas weight which decreased (P < 0.05) with the addition of high MP (1.00%). Regarding meat quality, all color parameters were affected on the fifth day of sampling (P < 0.05) but not on the first day (P > 0.05). It was detected that the breast of the quails in group 0.75% MP had the highest L* value and the lowest a* value. While the breast of the 1.00% MP group had the highest b value and the lowest pH value. Dietary MP enhanced oxidative stability, reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) value in the breast compared to the control at both sampling points (P < 0.01), being more noted on the fifth day of sampling. Bone biomechanical properties (in terms of shear force or shear stress) were improved (P < 0.01) with the dietary addition of MP at 0.75% compared to the control. It can be suggested that MP is a secure ingredient in animal feed without negatively affecting performance parameters, carcass traits, or meat quality. Therefore, including an interval of 0.50–0.75% of MP in the diet of growing quails could be a suitable strategy to improve certain parameters such as the meat’s oxidative stability and the bone’s biomechanical parameters. Moreover, the efficacy of MP on performance development would be greater during the first weeks of the quails’ life due to their intestinal conditions at this stage.
The Reproduction of Inequality Through Volunteering by Young Refugees in Uganda
Authors: Okech Moses , Baillie Smith Matt , Fadel Bianca , Mills Sarah 
Published: February 2024

AbstractResearch confronting inequality in volunteering has mostly focused on the attribution of its benefits to different groups and communities, with little attention paid towards fundamental factors that shape such inequalities and how these intersect with volunteering opportunities. This paper highlights the importance of volunteering for young refugees in Uganda, as a means of both learning new skills and earning a livelihood. However, evidence suggests that not everyone has equal access to these opportunities, with inequalities primarily distributed along the lines of language, gender and education. The paper provides a critical examination of the kinds of volunteering organised and promoted by state actors and civil society organisations with a particular focus on access to volunteering opportunities and the ways they can produce inequalities among young people. Based on data drawn from a study among young refugees from South Sudan, Burundi, Somalia and the Democratic Republic of the Congo in four settings in Uganda, the paper explores issues of access to opportunities as a core premise around which these inequalities are shaped. It demonstrates that rather than address social inequality, the obfuscation of these experiences in how volunteering is organised only serves to reinforce the status quo.
Civil Society, Volunteerism, and Youth Citizenship in Fiji
Authors: Mati Jacob Mwathi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFiji’s multi-ethnic society is historically characterised by low levels of inter-ethnic trust and a segregated civil society, typified by low participation of youth, the poor, ethnic minorities, and less literate members of society. How does this actually existing civil society shape the social transactions, value subjectivities, norms and habits of citizenship bred through volunteering and other forms of civic engagement in these contexts? Drawing on data from a mixed method study on youth volunteering in Fiji, this paper interrogates prevailing normative assumptions on volunteerism’s role in retooling civic renewal and citizenship. Being socially situated, the outcomes of youth volunteering vary. Specifically, youth volunteering in organisations that value inclusion has midwifed progressive citizenship values; while, participation in bonding type civil society reproduces exclusionary citizenship, social disparities and patterns of discrimination and privilege. The implication is that for volunteerism to produce desired progressive citizenship values and attitudes, civic organisations transmitting such values need to be specifically focussed on progressive goals.
Exploring students’ immersive VR experiences as resources for collaborative meaning making and learning
Authors: Silseth Kenneth , Steier Rolf , Arnseth Hans Christian 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBy adopting a situated and interactional approach, we explore students’ immersive VR experiences as resources for collaborative meaning making and learning. We draw on data from a project in which teachers and researchers co-developed a learning design for upper secondary students involving immersive VR technology. In this learning design, students viewed a cinematic VR film where they encountered different people telling personal stories about exclusion and discrimination, followed by reflective group dialogues with their teacher about their experiences in this environment. Through a detailed interaction analysis of these dialogues, we identify four dimensions that characterize students’ meaning making: (1) the feeling of taking part in conversations, (2) attending to bodily expressions of others, (3) students’ own bodily responses, (4) teacher guidance. We discuss how the findings from our analysis contribute to the field of CSCL, and which also have implications for instructional work that includes the use of immersive VR environments.
Das „stahlharte Gehäuse“: Zwei Beobachtungen zu Max Webers berühmter Metapher
Authors: Brühlmeier Daniel 
Published: February 2024

ZusammenfassungIn zwei Beobachtungen geht der Beitrag der komplexen Entstehung sowie einer der Nachwirkungen von Max Webers berühmtem Topos des „stahlharten Gehäuses“ nach. Im ersten Teil rekonstruiert der Beitrag in einer knappen philologischen Studie Webers Lektüre des puritanischen Pfarrers Richard Baxter, auf den er in der berühmten Ersterwähnung des „stahlharten Gehäuses“ in der Protestantischen Ethik verweist. Im zweiten Teil wird Karl Jaspers’ Gebrauch der Gehäuse-Metapher in der Psychologie der Weltanschauungen von 1919 vor dem Hintergrund seiner Weber-Rezeption kritisch nachvollzogen.
Supporting People Seeking Asylum in the Australian Community: A Service Provider Perspective
Authors: Lippi Kehla , McKenzie Hayley , McKay Fiona H. , Hanna Lisa 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDeterrence of asylum seekers, including via restrictive refugee determination processes, is increasingly common in many countries. In Australia, people who sought asylum by sea between 13 August 2012 and 1 January 2014 (the ‘legacy caseload’), have been subject to increasing restrictions on their social and economic rights. As a result, these people rely on support from non-government organisations, whilst they progress through Australia’s refugee determination process. This research explored service providers’ role in mediating the impacts of asylum policy on the legacy caseload. Findings from 20 in-depth, semi-structured interviews, conducted between December 2018 and February 2020, highlight how service providers in both statutory and community sectors in Victoria challenge and subvert deterrence policies, even as the policy environment constrains their ability to support people seeking asylum. To redress these constraints, increased availability of social supports for people seeking asylum, continuing and additional funding for non-government organisations, and increased support for workers across sectors are recommended by this study. Service providers play a crucial role in enabling the effective engagement of people seeking asylum with the refugee determination process. These findings serve as a further warning from countries seeking to emulate the ‘Australian model’ of harm.
Validation of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale (ders-28) in spanish young adult substance users
Authors: González-Roz Alba , Postigo Álvaro , Castaño Yasmina , Gervilla Elena 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe 28-item Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) is widely used to measure Emotional Dysregulation (ED). However, its psychometric performance has not been examined in Spanish-speaking substance users. This study aimed to validate the DERS-28 in 1,676 [M = 19.56 (SD = 1.70), % women = 64.6] young adults with past-month substance use. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, as well as reliability assessments using Classical Test and Item Response Theories, were conducted. The analyses supported a bifactor solution (invariant to sex) comprising five specific dimensions and a general factor (ED), each demonstrating adequate score reliability. Bifactor indices indicated an essentially unidimensional latent structure (ωHG = .808; ECVG = .554; H = .951; FD = .966). Convergent validity (values of |r| ranged between .036-.645) was supported by associations with clinical variables, including measures of substance use related problems, anxiety, stress, and depression. Among the DERS-28 dimensions, lack of control exhibited the largest effects. Despite its reliability and validity, limitations such as self-reported substance use and recruitment in college settings should be considered. In conclusion, the DERS-28 proves to be a reliable and valid tool, demonstrating utility for prevention purposes among young adults.