bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A dietitian‐led low‐FODMAP diet webinar: a pre–post study evaluating its impact on symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Colgan Aisling , Digby Katie , Apekey Tanefa , Elborough‐Whitehouse Iona , Seamark Leah , Radcliffe Olivia , Williams Marianne , Hickson Mary 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundEvidence suggests that the low fermentable oligo‐, di‐, mono‐saccharides, and polyols (FODMAP) diet improves irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms when delivered by a dietitian. However, demand for dietetic appointments exceeds supply. Prerecorded webinars are acceptable and cost‐effective for delivering first‐line IBS dietary advice.MethodologyThis study, using a pre–post design, aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a low‐FODMAP diet restriction phase webinar at improving IBS symptoms. Participants with self‐reported IBS symptoms were asked to report their IBS symptoms, stool frequency, stool consistency and IBS medication use, before and 8 weeks postwebinar via an online questionnaire. The presence and severity of participants' symptoms and bowel habits were captured using validated tools and a global symptom question.ResultsIn total 228 participants responded to both pre‐ and postsurveys. A statistically significant improvement in all symptoms was observed 8 weeks postwebinar (p < 0.05). The proportion of participants rating their overall symptoms as moderate‐to‐severe reduced from 85.5% at baseline to 34.6% postwebinar (50.9% reduction [p < 0.001]). The proportion of participants reporting normal stool consistency and frequency significantly increased postwebinar (23.2%–39.9% [p < 0.001] and 76.3%–89% [p < 0.001], respectively). Satisfactory relief of symptoms increased from 16.7% to 53.1%, (p < 0.001) 8 weeks postwebinar.ConclusionsThese results are comparable with literature on the efficacy of face‐to‐face delivery of low‐FODMAP diet education. Dietitians should consider directing triaged patients with IBS, who have tried first‐line dietary advice, to this webinar as an alternative or alongside current practice.
Applications of clinker microscopy for approaching a special case study in cement production
Authors: Mutke S. , Canonico F. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWithin this article the importance of the optical light microscopy for the investigation of cement clinker is illustrated by three examples: (a) Ono's method plays an important role in the case of the production of oil well clinker where the reactivity of alite and additionally the melting phase influences strongly the properties of the later cement; (b) the use of secondary fuels can lead to unexpected phenomena in the clinker matrix accompanied by strange changes in colour; (c) for the interpretation of CSA clinkers, the combination of light and scanning electron microscopy can give important information about the formation of clinker phases depending on the burning conditions which can hardly be detected by other methods. However, in case of CSA clinker, there is still little knowledge about the relationship between production and hydraulic properties of the clinker and therefore no systematic documentation is available.
Relationships Between Strong Black Woman Belief, Coping Behaviors, Perceived Social Support, and Psychological Distress Symptoms for Black Mothers After Stillbirth
Authors: Henry Carrie J. , Kelly Ursula , Dunlop Anne L. , Paul Sudeshna , Chandler Rasheeta D. , Christiansen‐Lindquist Lauren , Song Mi‐Kyung 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionPsychological distress symptoms (symptoms of depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress) are common following stillbirth. Black women who experience stillbirth are less likely to seek support than White women, consistent with the strong Black woman (SBW) construct, which expects Black women to tolerate stress and trauma gracefully, without seeking help.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study we sought to determine the relative contributions of SBW belief, perceived lack of social support, and culturally relevant coping behaviors to psychological distress symptoms in Black women bereaved by stillbirth. We partnered with a stillbirth support organization to recruit a sample of 91 Black women bereaved by stillbirth in the 3 years prior to study participation. The online study survey measured SBW belief, culturally relevant coping behaviors, perceived social support, and psychological distress symptoms along with sociodemographics, pregnancy history, and stillbirth characteristics. We used stepwise selection in multiple linear regression to determine the relative contributions of SBW belief, perceived social support, and coping behaviors to measures of psychological distress symptoms in our sample.ResultsHigher SBW belief, lower perceived social support, and higher collective coping (coping behaviors involving other people) were associated with increases in all 3 measures of psychological distress symptoms, controlling for age and other traumatic events.DiscussionFurther understanding of the influence of SBW belief on Black women's psychological distress following stillbirth may assist with the development of culturally appropriate interventions to mitigate psychological distress symptoms in this group.
FXR agonists INT‐787 and OCA increase RECK and inhibit liver steatosis and inflammation in diet‐induced ob/ob mouse model of NASH
Authors: Di Pasqua Laura G. , Cagna Marta , Palladini Giuseppina , Croce Anna C. , Cadamuro Massimiliano , Fabris Luca , Perlini Stefano , Adorini Luciano , Ferrigno Andrea , Vairetti Mariapia 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsWe have previously shown in a model of hepatic ischaemia/reperfusion injury that the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonist obeticholic acid (OCA) restores reversion‐inducing‐cysteine‐rich protein with Kazal motifs (RECK), an inverse modulator of metalloproteases (MMPs) and inhibitor of the sheddases ADAM10 and ADAM17 involved in inflammation and fibrogenesis. Here, the effects of FXR agonists OCA and INT‐787 on hepatic levels of RECK, MMPs, ADAM10 and ADAM17 were compared in a diet‐induced ob/ob mouse model of non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).MethodsLep ob/ob NASH mice fed a high‐fat diet (HFD) or control diet (CD) for 9 weeks (wks) were treated with OCA or INT‐787 0.05% dosed via HFD admixture (30 mg/kg/day) or HFD for further 12 wks. Serum alanine transaminase (ALT) and inflammatory cytokines, liver RECK, MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 activity as well as ADAM10, ADAM17, collagen deposition (Sirius red), hepatic stellate cell activation (α‐SMA) and pCK+ reactive biliary cells were quantified.ResultsOnly INT‐787 significantly reduced serum ALT, IL‐1β and TGF‐β. A downregulation of RECK expression and protein levels observed in HFD groups (at 9 and 21 wks) was counteracted by both OCA and INT‐787. HFD induced a significant increase in liver MMP‐2 and MMP‐9; OCA administration reduced both MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 while INT‐787 markedly reduced MMP‐2 expression. OCA and INT‐787 reduced both ADAM10 and ADAM17 expression and number of pCK+ cells. INT‐787 was superior to OCA in decreasing collagen deposition and α‐SMA levels.ConclusionINT‐787 is superior to OCA in controlling specific cell types and clinically relevant anti‐inflammatory and antifibrotic molecular mechanisms in NASH.
The cascade of care for patients with chronic hepatitis delta in Southern Stockholm, Sweden for the past 30 years
Authors: Kamal Habiba , Lindahl Karin , Ingre Michael , Gahrton Caroline , Karkkonen Kerstin , Nowak Piotr , Vesterbacka Jan , Stål Per , Wedemeyer Heiner , Duberg Ann‐Sofi , Aleman Soo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsPrevious studies have shown suboptimal screening for hepatitis D virus (HDV) among patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). This study presents the cascade of care for HDV infection in a major secondary referral centre in Southern Stockholm, Sweden.MethodsHBsAg+ve patients attending Karolinska University Hospital (KUH) from 1992 to 2022 were identified. The prevalence of anti‐HDV and/or HDV RNA positivity, interferon (IFN) therapy and maintained virological responses (MVR) after HDV treatment were assessed. Also, time to anti‐HDV testing was analysed in relation to liver‐related outcomes with logistic regression.ResultsAmong 4095 HBsAg+ve persons, 3703 (90.4%) underwent an anti‐HDV screening; within a median of 1.8 months (range 0.0–57.1) after CHB diagnosis. This screening rate increased over time, to 97.9% in the last decade. Overall, 310 (8.4%) were anti‐HDV+ve, of which 202 (65.2%) were HDV RNA+ve. Eighty‐five (42%) received IFN, and 9 (10.6%) achieved MVR at the last follow‐up. The predictive factors for anti‐HDV screening were Asian origin, diagnosis after the year 2012, HIV co‐infection (negative factor) and HBV DNA level < 2000 IU/mL in univariable analysis, while HIV co‐infection was the only remaining factor in multivariable analysis. Delayed anti‐HDV test >5 years was independently associated with worsened liver‐related outcomes (adjusted odds ratio = 7.6, 95% CI 1.8–31.6).ConclusionHigher frequency of HDV screening than previously published data could be seen among CHB patients at KUH in a low‐endemic setting. Receiving a delayed screening test seems to be associated with worse outcomes, stressing the need of a strategy for timely HDV diagnosis.
Deer dietary responses to wildfire: Optimal foraging, individual specialization, or opportunism?
Authors: White Carly Q. , Bush Joshua P. , Sacks Benjamin N. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIncreasing impacts of wildfire on arid regions of the world fuelled by climate change highlight the need to better understand how natural communities respond to fire. We took advantage of a large (1660‐km2) wildfire that erupted in northern California during an in‐progress study of black‐tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus) to investigate deer use of and diets within burned and unburned habitats before and after the fire. We compared deer diet breadth to predictions of optimal foraging theory, the niche variation hypothesis, and opportunistic (i.e., generalist) foraging expectations under the assumption that overall availability and diversity of forage in burned areas declined immediately after the fire and increased as the plant community recovered in the next 3 years after the fire. We used faecal pellet counts to document space use and metabarcoding to study diet during pre‐fire, post‐fire, and recovery periods. Pellet counts supported predictions that deer increased use of unburned sites and reduced use of burn sites after the fire and began to return to burned sites in subsequent sampling years. Diet diversity did not differ significantly between control and burn sites before the fire, but was lower in burn than control sites post‐fire (p < .001), when and where diet was dominated by oak (Quercusspp). In contrast, during subsequent years, diet diversity was higher (including more herbaceous plants) in burn than control sites (p < .05). In contrast to predictions of optimal foraging and niche variation hypotheses, individual deer foraged as generalists for which changes in dietary niche breadth paralleled fire‐induced changes in diversity of the plant community.
Insight into neofunctionalization of 2,3‐oxidosqualene cyclases in B,C‐ring‐opened triterpene biosynthesis in quinoa
Authors: Zhou Qian , Sun Peng , Xiong Hao‐Ming , Xie Jiali , Zhu Guo‐Yuan , Tantillo Dean J. , Huang Ancheng C. 
Published: October 2023

Summary
Bioactive triterpenes feature complex fused‐ring structures, primarily shaped by the first‐committed enzyme, 2,3‐oxidosqualene cyclases (OSCs) in plant triterpene biosynthesis. Triterpenes with B,C‐ring‐opened skeletons are extremely rare with unknown formation mechanisms, harbouring unchartered chemistry and biology.
Here, through mining the genome of Chenopodium quinoa followed by functional characterization, we identified a stress‐responsive and neofunctionalized OSC capable of generating B,C‐ring‐opened triterpenes, including camelliol A and B and the novel (−)‐quinoxide A as wax components of the specialized epidermal bladder cells, namely the quinoxide synthase (CqQS).
Protein structure analysis followed by site‐directed mutagenesis identified key variable amino acid sites underlying functional interconversion between pentacyclic β‐amyrin synthase (CqbAS1) and B,C‐ring‐opened triterpene synthase CqQS. Mutation of one key residue (N612K) in even evolutionarily distant Arabidopsis β‐amyrin synthase could generate quinoxides, indicating a conserved mechanism for B,C‐ring‐opened triterpene formation in plants. Quantum computation combined with docking experiments further suggests that conformations of conserved W613 and F413 of CqQS might be key to selectively stabilizing intermediate carbocations towards B,C‐ring‐opened triterpene formation.
Our findings shed light on quinoa triterpene skeletal diversity and mechanisms underlying B,C‐ring‐opened triterpene biosynthesis, opening avenues towards accessing their chemistry and biology and paving the way for quinoa trait engineering and quality improvement.
Sleep deprivation attenuates neural responses to outcomes from risky decision‐making
Authors: Mao Tianxin , Fang Zhuo , Chai Ya , Deng Yao , Rao Joy , Quan Peng , Goel Namni , Basner Mathias , Guo Bowen , Dinges David F. , Liu Jianghong , Detre John A. , Rao Hengyi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSleep loss impacts a broad range of brain and cognitive functions. However, how sleep deprivation affects risky decision‐making remains inconclusive. This study used functional MRI to examine the impact of one night of total sleep deprivation (TSD) on risky decision‐making behavior and the underlying brain responses in healthy adults. In this study, we analyzed data from N = 56 participants in a strictly controlled 5‐day and 4‐night in‐laboratory study using a modified Balloon Analogue Risk Task. Participants completed two scan sessions in counter‐balanced order, including one scan during rested wakefulness (RW) and another scan after one night of TSD. Results showed no differences in participants' risk‐taking propensity and risk‐induced activation between RW and TSD. However, participants showed significantly reduced neural activity in the anterior cingulate cortex and bilateral insula for loss outcomes, and in bilateral putamen for win outcomes during TSD compared with RW. Moreover, risk‐induced activation in the insula negatively correlated with participants' risk‐taking propensity during RW, while no such correlations were observed after TSD. These findings suggest that sleep loss may impact risky decision‐making by attenuating neural responses to decision outcomes and impairing brain‐behavior associations.
Affidavit aversion: Public preferences for trust‐based policy instruments
Authors: Hilo‐Merkovich Rinat , Peer Eyal , Feldman Yuval 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRegulators who aim to reduce administrative burdens often promote trust‐based policy instruments, such as legal affidavits or honesty pledges, as substitutes to traditional bureaucratic procedures. However, little is known on how the general public view such instruments, and whether people would actually comply with them, and under what circumstances. Using a series of experimental vignettes, we examine public preferences toward these instruments under different conditions and contexts. We find that overall, people exhibit an aversion to using affidavits, even when they are inexpensive and can save a considerable amount of time compared to the traditional bureaucratic procedure. In contrast, honesty pledges are largely preferred over both the standard procedure and signing an affidavit. We discuss factors influencing the public choice of trust‐based instruments and offer recommendations to help policymakers promote public compliance using behaviorally informed policy instruments.
Complete genome sequence of the lumpy skin disease virus reported from Jammu and Kashmir, India, during 2022 outbreak
Authors: Bhat Shabir , Chaudry Waseem , Mittal Purnima , Ahmad Bilal , Haroon Zahoor , Shaheen Shaista , Mir Masood , Reddy Manjunath , Wani Mohammad 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) is the causative agent of an economically important disease of cattle and water buffaloes. Here, we announce the complete genome sequence of the LSDV from Jammu and Kashmir, India. LSDV/02/KASH/IND/2022 was detected in skin biopsy sample of an LSD-infected dairy cow on 24 October 2022.
Complete genome sequence of seed-transmitted soybean yellow mottle mosaic virus from soybeans in Korea
Authors: Bak Sangmin , Kwon Mina , Baek Seungbin , Yang Minjoo , Lee Hong-Kyu , Lee Su-Heon 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Soybean yellow mottle mosaic virus (SYMMV), a member of the genus
Gammacarmovirus
, remains poorly understood in terms of its transmission pathway. This study reveals the complete genome sequence of a seed-transmitted isolate, ST-HB56, contributing to the understanding of SYMMV’s ecological dynamics.
Complete genome sequence of
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
strain SP-1303 from lineage 8, associated with Far East scarlet-like fever
Authors: Lemarignier Marion , Savin Cyril , Lê-Bury Pierre , Dussurget Olivier , Pizarro-Cerdá Javier 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

We report the complete genome sequence of
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
strain SP-1303, identified as part of lineage 8 and associated with Far East scarlet-like fever. The genome includes the chromosome, the
Yersinia
-virulence plasmid (pYV) encoding a type III secretion system essential for virulence, the pVM82 plasmid, and two cryptic plasmids.
Characterizing alterations in the gut microbiota following postpartum weight change
Authors: Chalifour Bridget N. , Trifonova Diana I. , Holzhausen Elizabeth A. , Bailey Maximilian J. , Schmidt Kelsey A. , Babaei Mahsa , Mokhtari Pari , Goran Michael I. , Alderete Tanya L. 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

The postpartum period represents a dynamic time for women’s health, particularly when it comes to changes in weight, which can disproportionately affect Latina women. Weight change, particularly weight gain, has been associated with pronounced changes in host gut microbiome profiles and composition. This study aimed to evaluate changes in the gut microbiome among Latina mothers who gained or lost weight in the first 6 months after delivery by characterizing changes in gut microbial co-occurrence networks, alpha- and beta-diversity measures, and relative abundances of bacterial taxa. This study characterized the gut microbiomes of 105 Latina mothers at 1 and 6 months postpartum, comparing mothers who gained weight (
n
= 65) with those who lost weight (
n
= 40) during the 6-month period following delivery. Stool samples were collected for 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Statistical analysis was conducted using microbial co-occurrence network analysis as well as paired two-sided
t
-tests. Mothers who gained weight postpartum had significant changes in their co-occurrence network density, alpha- and beta-diversity, and relative abundances of certain microbial taxa compared to those who lost weight. Microbial co-occurrence networks, representing measures of differences in community structure dynamics, of the weight gain group decreased in density by 2%, while there was no change in density in the weight loss group. Additionally, the weight gain group had lower Shannon entropy after 6 months and significant changes in the relative abundances of 17 bacterial families and genera, while there were no significant changes in any of these metrics in the weight loss group.

IMPORTANCE
Previous research has reported differences in the gut microbiome associated with varying body compositions. More specifically, within populations of mothers, the focus has been on the impact of gestational weight gain. This is the first study to examine postpartum weight change and its association with changes in the gut microbiome, similarly, it is the first to use a Latina cohort to do so. The results support the idea that weight gain may be an important factor in reducing gut microbiome network connectivity, diversity, and changing abundances of specific microbial taxa, all measures thought to impact host health. These results suggest that weight gain dynamically alters mothers’ gut microbial communities in the first 6 months postpartum, with comparatively little change in mothers who lost weight; further research is needed to examine the health consequences of such changes.
Virulence profiling of
Cryptococcus gattii
isolates in China: insights from a multi-center study
Authors: Zang Xuelei , Ke Weixin , Huang Yemei , Yang Chen , Song Jialin , Deng Hengyu , Zhou Meng , Wang Qiqi , Zhou Yangyu , Dai Bin , Qian Jin , Shen Dingxia , Wang Linqi , Xue Xinying 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Cryptococcus gattii
(
C. gattii
) is emerging as a life-threatening fungus worldwide. However, few data were available in China. In this study, 27 isolates and 32 patient information were collected from several hospitals in China, together with previously reported data (80 cases), to describe the geographic distribution of
C. gattii
. Molecular identification and genetic diversity analysis of the isolates were conducted using multilocus sequence typing, while the microbiological and virulence characteristics were explored through
in vitro
phenotypic tests and
in vivo
animal experiments. The findings revealed that patients infected with
C. gattii
were mainly immunocompetent males, with most showing symptoms of central nervous system involvement. Isolated strains were predominantly distributed in tropical and subtropical regions, with VGI genotype predominance. These strains exhibited marked genetic diversity, identifying 25 distinct sequence types (STs) among the 57 isolates (available data), including three novel STs (ST565, ST567, and ST568).
In vitro
assays unveiled significant differences between VGI and VGII in growth capacity at 39°C, capsule diameter, melanin production, UV resistance, and antioxidative capacity, with VGII displaying greater resilience. Integrating animal experiments and clinical prognosis showed that pathogenicity did not directly correlate with
in vitro
virulence phenotypes or molecular genotypes, underscoring virulence’s complexity. Furthermore, histopathological analysis suggested that lung tissue damage might primarily contribute to mouse mortality, particularly with more pathogenic strains causing extensive lung tissue damage. Our study has the potential to provide valuable data for a comprehensive understanding of the microbiological characteristics of
C. gattii
in China.

IMPORTANCE

Our study indicates that the molecular typing of
Cryptococcus gattii
is unrelated to virulence. The integration of animal experiments and clinical prognosis demonstrated that pathogenicity did not exhibit a direct correlation with
in vitro
virulence phenotypes or molecular genotypes, emphasizing the intricate nature of virulence. In conclusion, our research holds the potential to provide valuable insights into understanding the microbiological attributes of
C. gattii
in China.