bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parent–Offspring Associations of Ideal Cardiovascular Health Metrics: Findings From the 2014 to 2021 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Hoang Manh Thang , Jung Sun Jae , Lee Hokyou , Kim Hyeon Chang 
Published: January 2024

Background
Studies have reported the strength of cardiovascular health (CVH) metrics in parent–offspring relationships. This study aimed to describe the sex‐specific associations between CVH in parents and adult offspring.

Methods and Results
This study was conducted on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data set, which analyzed trios of mother–father–child, with the child's age from 20 to 39 years. To use the nature of sampling design, survey weighting was applied to all our analyses. Ideal CVH was defined as a cluster of at least 5 ideal individual CVH metrics. We examined the association between parents and their adult offspring regarding clustering CVH and individual CVH metrics through odds ratios and 95% CIs using multiple logistic regression with standard errors adjusted for within‐family clustering. The study included 1267 married couples comprising 748 sons and 819 daughters. After adjusting for household income and offspring's sex, age, education, and alcohol consumption, an offspring with either parent attaining a nonideal CVH was 3.52 times more likely to have nonideal CVH. Fathers' nonideal CVH was significantly positively associated with the daughters' nonideal CVH. Maternal nonideal CVH was significantly positively associated with the son's nonideal CVH. When analyzing individual CVH metrics, ideal status in fathers or mothers reduced the likelihood of their offspring having a nonideal status.

Conclusions
This cross‐sectional study showed positive and differential associations of CVH and its components between parents' and offsprings' nonideal status. Our hypothesis‐generating results suggest the relevance of using CVH as a composite indicator in family‐centered approaches and heart‐health interventions.
Association Between Clonal Hematopoiesis Driver Mutations, Immune Cell Function, and the Vasculometabolic Complications of Obesity
Authors: Tercan Helin , Cossins Benjamin C. , van Deuren Rosanne C. , Rutten Joost H. W. , Joosten Leo A. B. , Netea Mihai G. , Hoischen Alexander , Bekkering Siroon , Riksen Niels P. 
Published: January 2024

Background
Obesity is accompanied by dysregulated inflammation, which can contribute to vasculometabolic complications including metabolic syndrome and atherosclerosis. Recently, clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) has emerged as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. We aimed to determine how CHIP is related to immune cell function, systemic inflammation, and vasculometabolic complications in obese individuals.

Methods and Results
Two hundred ninety‐seven individuals with overweight and obesity, between the ages of 54 and 81 years, were recruited in a cross‐sectional study. Clonal hematopoiesis driver mutations (CHDMs) were identified with an ultrasensitive targeted assay. Assessment of carotid artery atherosclerosis was performed with ultrasound. Detailed immunological parameters, including cytokine production capacity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and targeted plasma proteomics analysis, were studied. Adipose tissue inflammation was determined in subcutaneous fat biopsies. Individuals with CHIP had higher concentrations of circulating IL (interleukin)‐6. Total number of leukocytes and neutrophils were higher in individuals with CHIP. In contrast, ex vivo cytokine production capacity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells was significantly lower in individuals with CHIP. Sex‐stratified analysis showed that men with CHDMs had significantly higher leukocyte and neutrophil counts, and ex vivo cytokine production capacity was lower in women with CHDMs. Surprisingly, the presence of atherosclerotic plaques was significantly lower in individuals with CHDMs. There was no relation between CHIP and metabolic syndrome.

Conclusions
In individuals with overweight or obesity, CHDMs are not associated with vasculometabolic complications, but rather with a lower presence of carotid plaques. CHDMs associate with increased circulating inflammatory markers and leukocyte numbers, but a lower peripheral blood mononuclear cell cytokine production capacity.
Pediatric Out‐of‐Hospital Cardiac Arrest: The Role of the Telecommunicator in Recognition of Cardiac Arrest and Delivery of Bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Authors: Lewis Miranda M. , Pache Killian , Guan Sally , Shin Jenny , Parayil Megin , Counts Catherine R. , Drucker Chris , Sayre Michael R. , Kudenchuk Peter J. , Eisenberg Mickey , Rea Thomas D. 
Published: January 2024

Background
Telecommunicator CPR (T‐CPR), whereby emergency dispatch facilitates cardiac arrest recognition and coaches CPR over the telephone, is an important strategy to increase early recognition and bystander CPR in adult out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Little is known about this treatment strategy in the pediatric population. We investigated the role of T‐CPR and related performance among pediatric OHCA.

Methods and Results

This study was a retrospective cohort investigation of OHCA among individuals <18 years in King County, Washington, from April 1, 2013, to December 31, 2019. We reviewed the 911 audio recordings to determine if and how bystander CPR was delivered (unassisted or T‐CPR), key time intervals in recognition of arrest, and key components of T‐CPR delivery. Of the 185 eligible pediatric OHCAs, 23% (n=43) had bystander CPR initiated unassisted, 59% (n=109) required T‐CPR, and 18% (n=33) did not receive CPR before emergency medical services arrival. Among all cases, cardiac arrest was recognized by the telecommunicator in 89% (n=165). Among those receiving T‐CPR, the median (interquartile range) interval from start of call to OHCA recognition was 59 seconds (38–87) and first CPR intervention was 115 seconds (94–162). When stratified by age (≤8 versus >8), the older age group was less likely to receive CPR before emergency medical services arrival (88% versus 69%,
P
=0.002). For those receiving T‐CPR, bystanders spent a median of 207 seconds (133–270) performing CPR. The median compression rate was 93 per minute (82–107) among those receiving T‐CPR.

Conclusions
T‐CPR is an important strategy to increase early recognition and early CPR among pediatric OHCA.
Effectiveness of Hypertension Management Strategies in SPRINT‐Eligible US Adults: A Simulation Study
Authors: Zhang Fengdi , Bryant Kelsey B. , Moran Andrew E. , Zhang Yiyi , Cohen Jordana B. , Bress Adam P. , Sheppard James P. , King Jordan B. , Derington Catherine G. , Weintraub William S. , Kronish Ian M. , Shea Steven , Bellows Brandon K. 
Published: January 2024

Background
Despite reducing cardiovascular disease (CVD) events and death in SPRINT (Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial), intensive systolic blood pressure goals have not been adopted in the United States. This study aimed to simulate the potential long‐term impact of 4 hypertension management strategies in SPRINT‐eligible US adults.

Methods and Results
The validated Blood Pressure Control–Cardiovascular Disease Policy Model, a discrete event simulation of hypertension care processes (ie, visit frequency, blood pressure [BP] measurement accuracy, medication intensification, and medication adherence) and CVD outcomes, was populated with 25 000 SPRINT‐eligible US adults. Four hypertension management strategies were simulated: (1) usual care targeting BP <140/90 mm Hg (Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure usual care), (2) intensive care per the SPRINT protocol targeting BP <120/90 mm Hg (SPRINT intensive), (3) usual care targeting guideline‐recommended BP <130/80 mm Hg (American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association usual care), and (4) team‐based care added to usual care and targeting BP <130/80 mm Hg. Relative to the Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure usual care, among the 18.1 million SPRINT‐eligible US adults, an estimated 138 100 total CVD events could be prevented per year with SPRINT intensive, 33 900 with American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association usual care, and 89 100 with team‐based care. Compared with the Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure usual care, SPRINT intensive care was projected to increase treatment‐related serious adverse events by 77 600 per year, American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association usual care by 33 300, and team‐based care by 27 200.

Conclusions
As BP control has declined in recent years, health systems must prioritize hypertension management and invest in effective strategies. Adding team‐based care to usual care may be a pragmatic way to manage risk in this high‐CVD‐risk population.
“A Distinctly Busy Man” – Lieutenant Colonel (Dr) Frederick Holles Brennan, First Officer Commanding of the 1st South African Irish Regiment, 1861–1927
Authors: Snyders Hendrik 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Lieutenant Colonel Frederick Holles Brennan, formerly the commanding officer of the 1st South African Irish Regiment, medical officer of the Transvaal Volunteers, surgeon to the Hawarden Castle hospital ship and recipient of the Volunteer Officer’s Decoration and Long Service Medal during active service, is a forgotten name in South African military history today. Canadian-born Brennan, a qualified medical doctor, emigrated to South Africa during the 1890s. After settling in Johannesburg, he established a successful medical practice and became an integral part of the Irish-Canadian diasporic community on the Witwatersrand. This was complemented by active involvement in a range of charitable causes, in addition to participating in both the Anglo-Boer War (on the side of the British) and the First World War. From 1894–1927, Brennan made a fundamental contribution to the development of the South African military and sports history, without compromising his Irish-Canadian identity.
Near-Surface Atmospheric Response to Meso- and Submesoscale Current and Thermal Feedbacks
Authors: Conejero Carlos , Renault Lionel , Desbiolles Fabien , McWilliams J. C. , Giordani Hervé 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Current feedback (CFB) and thermal feedback (TFB) have been shown to strongly influence both atmospheric and oceanic dynamics at the oceanic mesoscale (10–250 km). At smaller scales, oceanic submesoscale currents (SMCs; 0.1–10 km) have a major influence on the ocean’s energy budget, variability, and ecosystems. However, submesoscale air–sea interactions are not well understood because of observational and modeling limitations related to their scales. Here, we use a realistic submesoscale-permitting coupled oceanic and atmospheric model to quantify the spatiotemporal variability of TFB and CFB coupling in the northwest tropical Atlantic Ocean. While CFB still acts as a submesoscale eddy killer by inducing an energy sink from the SMCs to the atmosphere, it appears to be more efficient at the submesoscale by approximately 30% than at the mesoscale. Submesoscale CFB affects the surface stress, however, the finite time scale of SMCs for adjusting the atmospheric boundary layer results in a diminished low-level wind response, weakening partial ocean reenergization by about 70%. Unlike at the mesoscale, submesoscale CFB induces stress/wind convergence/divergence, influencing the atmospheric boundary layer through vertical motions. The linear relationship between the surface stress derivative or wind derivative fields and sea surface temperature gradients, widespread at the mesoscale, decreases by approximately 35% ± 7% or 77% ± 10%, respectively, at the submesoscale. In addition, submesoscale TFB induces turbulent heat fluxes comparable to those at the mesoscale. Seasonal variability in meso- and submesoscale CFB and TFB coupling is mostly related to background wind speed. Also, disentangling submesoscale CFB and TFB is challenging because they can reinforce or counteract each other.
Improving the Near-Surface Wind and Turbulence at the Edge of the Orographic Drag Gray Zone by Tuning the Roughness Length
Authors: Hrastinski Mario , Mašek Ján , Šljivić Ana 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we present the implementation and evaluate the impact of the new roughness length configuration in the ALARO canonical model configuration of the ALADIN system at the edge of the orographic gravity wave drag gray zone. As an essential input for turbulence parameterization, the roughness length affects the near-surface turbulent fluxes and the screen-level interpolation of meteorological parameters. We utilize GMTED2010 and ECOCLIMAP-II databases to derive orographic and vegetation components of the effective roughness length and introduce tuning parameters enabling us to optimize predicted near-surface turbulent momentum fluxes and 10-m wind speed. Based on sensitivity tests, we (i) prove the necessity of tuning the roughness length fields, (ii) considerably reduce the RMSE of near-surface turbulent momentum fluxes (6%–7%) and 10-m wind speed for different groups of stations (3%–10%), and (iii) identify the tree height as the most influential input parameter in our computational domain. The RMSE decomposition indicates that the improvement of 10-m wind speed mostly comes from a decrease in the random error and bias of the mean. The variability is slightly underestimated, thus reducing the model accuracy for wind speeds above the 95th percentile but at an acceptable level. We explain that roughness length tuning also compensates for the missing roughness sublayer correction in our system. Finally, we show that, although the impact of the orographic gravity wave drag scheme at a horizontal mesh size of 1.8 km is generally small, it is still beneficial for capturing some finer features observed in atmospheric soundings.

Significance Statement
Aiming to improve the 10-m wind speed forecast without sacrificing the accuracy of turbulent momentum fluxes in the kilometric resolution numerical weather prediction model, we derived new roughness length fields from high-resolution physiography databases. Therein, we proved the importance of tuning the input orography and vegetation fields and, depending on the time of day and year, reduced the root-mean-square error of 10-m wind speed by 3%–10%. Further, we demonstrated that orographic gravity wave drag parameterization is still needed to predict finer details seen in wind profiles from atmospheric soundings. Finally, we discussed the related simplifications in our model and their implications and proposed steps toward a more consistent and complete treatment of the near-surface turbulence.
The Prognostic Value of Alpha-Fetoprotein Ratio in Patients With Resectable Alpha-Fetoprotein-Negative Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Sun Li-Yue , Cen Wen-Jian , Zeng Xin-Xin , Zhong Yu-Yun , Deng Ling , Yang Jiao-Jiao , Li Ming , Wang Fang 
Published: January 2024

Purpose This study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) ratio in patients with AFP-negative hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Patients and Methods We retrospectively analyzed 600 AFP-negative HCC patients who underwent hepatectomy. The AFP ratio was calculated as the ratio of AFP level 1 week before surgery to the level 20-40 days after hepatectomy. Immunohistochemistry assay was used to assess protein expression in HCC tissue. The primary outcome measures were overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Results The study found that a cutoff value of 1.6 ng/ml for AFP ratio, determined using X-tile software, was optimal for predicting prognosis. Patients with a high AFP ratio had a worse prognosis compare to those with a low AFP ratio (DFS, P = .026; OS, P = .034). Patients with a high AFP ratio had a worse prognosis compared to those with a low AFP ratio. Multivariate analysis revealed that AFP ratio >1.6, negative HepPar-1 expression, and vascular invasion were independent predictors of both DFS and OS. Vascular invasion had a higher area under the curve (AUC) than AFP ratio and HepPar-1 expression in predicting recurrence and death. The combination of AFP ratio, HepPar-1 expression, and vascular invasion provided better predictive accuracy for DFS and OS. Conclusion The AFP ratio is a potential prognostic marker for AFP-negative HCC patients after hepatectomy. Combining the analysis of AFP ratio with HepPar-1 expression and vascular invasion can enhance the accuracy of predicting prognosis in these patients.
Determinants of diabetic nephropathy among adult diabetic patients on follow-up at public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A case-control study
Authors: Etana Tola Diriba , Bayissa Zenebu Begna , Desissa Tamene Abera , Solbana Lencho Kajela , Tesfaye Azeb Haile , Eba Bikila Fufa 
Published: January 2024

Background: Diabetic nephropathy is defined as patients with diabetes mellitus who have persistent proteinuria for at least three consecutive measurements per year, a high blood creatinine level (>130 mol/l), or a decrease in glomerular filtration rate (<60 ml/min). Limited studies were done in Ethiopia on determinants of diabetic nephropathy among diabetic patients. Therefore, this study aimed to identify determinants of nephropathy among adult diabetic patients on follow-up at public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2022. Methods: A hospital-based unmatched case-control study design was conducted from 6 September to 9 November 2022, among diabetic patients on follow-up at public health hospitals in Addis Ababa. Using consecutive sampling techniques, a total of 442 (353 controls and 89 cases) were recruited, with a control-to-case ratio of 4:1. The data were collected using a structured and interview-administered questionnaire and variables like high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, Glycated hemoglobin, and type of diabetes were extracted from the medical records of the patients using a checklist. The collected data were entered into Epidata 3.1 and analyzed by STATA version 15.0. Variables with a p-value < 0.25 in the bivariable logistic regression were selected for the final model. In multivariable logistic regression model fitting, variables with a p-value < 0.05 with 95% CI adjusted odds ratio have declared statistically significant risk factors of diabetic nephropathy. Results: In this study, out of 442 study participants, 334 controls and 89 cases were included in the analysis, with a response rate of 94.6% and 100%, respectively. The majority of the study participants were 92.13% of cases and 84.13% of controls; 7.87% of cases, and 15.87% of controls were type 2 diabetes mellitus. Age 65 and above years old (AOR: 2.42; 95% CI: 1.28, 4.57); Smoking cigarette (AOR: 2.22; 95% CI: 1.18, 4.16); Non-adherent to diet (AOR: 2.11; 95% CI: 1.15, 3.84); Drinking alcohols (AOR: 1.95; 95% CI: 1.07, 3.52); Duration with diabetes more than 10 years (AOR: 3.39; 95% CI: 1.76, 6.54); Poor glycemic control (AOR: 2.19; 95% CI: 1.23, 4.28); and Low-density lipoprotein (AOR: 2.97; 95% CI: 1.69, 5.28) were found to be statistically significant risk factors of nephropathy among diabetic patients. Conclusion: This study found that old age, smoking cigarettes, non-adherence to diet, duration of diabetes, alcohol drinking, Glycated hemoglobin A1C, and high low-density lipoprotein were risk factors for nephropathy. Hence, continuous health education on lifestyle modifications and diabetic-related complications in each follow-up visit via front-line health professionals are very essential to avert the problem.
The Association of Season of Surgery and Patient Reported Outcomes following Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Lachance Andrew D. , Call Catherine , Radford Zachary , Stoddard Henry , Sturgeon Callahan , Babikian George , Rana Adam , McGrory Brian J. 
Published: January 2024

Background Understanding the impact of situational variables on surgical recovery can improve outcomes in total hip arthroplasty (THA). Literature examining hospital outcomes by season remains inconclusive, with limited focus on patient experience. The aim of this study is to investigate if there are differences in hospital and patient-reported outcomes measures (PROMS) after THA depending on the season of the index procedure to improve surgeon preoperative counseling. Methods A retrospective chart review was performed on patients undergoing primary THA at a single large academic center between January 2013 and August 2020. Demographic, operative, hospital, and PROMs were gathered from the institutional electronic medical record and our institutional joint replacement outcomes database. Results 6418 patients underwent primary THA and met inclusion criteria. Of this patient population, 1636 underwent surgery in winter, 1543 in spring, 1811 in summer, and 1428 in fall. PROMs were equivalent across seasons at nearly time points. The average age of patients was 65 (+/- 10) years, with an average BMI of 29.3 (+/- 6). Rates of complications including ED visits within 30 days, readmission within 90 days, unplanned readmission, dislocation, fracture, or wound infection were not significantly different by season ( P > .05). Conclusion Our findings indicate no differences in complications and PROMs at 1 year in patients undergoing THA during 4 distinct seasons. Notably, patients had functional differences at the second follow-up visit, suggesting variation in short-term recovery. Patients could be counseled that they have similar rates of complications and postoperative recovery regardless of season.