bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between some environmental risk factors and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder among children in Egypt: a case-control study
Authors: Hussein Riham Abdelhamid , Refai Rania Hussein , El-zoka Aleya Hanafy , Azouz Hanan Galal , Hussein Mohamed Fakhry 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a complex disease that negatively impacts the social and academic/occupational activities of children and is more common in boys than in girls.

Methods
This case-control study aimed to assess the association between some environmental risk factors and ADHD among children in Alexandria, Egypt. It was carried out at the outpatient clinics of El Shatby Pediatric University Hospital in Alexandria, Egypt, with 252 children (126 cases and 126 controls). Hair samples were collected for analysis of lead and manganese levels using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. A pre-designed interview questionnaire was used to determine the important environmental risk factors that may be related to ADHD.

Results
Children from parents with low levels of education, living in crowded houses, and occupational exposure to chemical agents were found to be risk factors for ADHD. The mean ± SD hair lead level in ADHD children was 2.58 ± 1.95, while in controls was 1.87 ± 0.92, with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001). The mean ± SD hair manganese level in ADHD children was 2.10 ± 1.54, while in controls was 1.11 ± 0.69, with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001). The logistic regression model revealed that six factors had a significant association with ADHD: using of newspapers to wrap food 3 or more times a week (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 105.11, 95% CI: 11.18-988.26), daily TV watching by child for more than 5 h (AOR = 63.96, 95% CI: 2.56-1601.32), child’s eating commercially packed noodles 3 times or more per week (AOR = 57.73, 95% CI: 3.77–593.93), using unpackaged flour in cooking (AOR = 44.47, 95% CI: 1.83–629.80), eating sweets daily by child (AOR = 6.82, 95% CI: 1.23–37.94), and lastly elevated hair Manganese level (AOR = 3.57, 95% CI: 1.24–10.29).

Conclusions
ADHD is a multi-factorial disorder, where many environmental risk factors contribute to its development. Future efforts to determine the best preventive strategy in Egypt must be based on a better knowledge of the role of environmental risk factors in the etiology of the disorder. Eliminating non-essential uses of lead and providing public education regarding the importance of safe disposal of lead-acid batteries and computers are necessary.
Metabolic/bariatric surgery optimization: a position statement by Arabic association for the study of diabetes and metabolism (AASD)
Authors: Soliman Amin Roshdy , Magd eldin Saleem Hesham , El Meligi Amr Abel Hady , Naguib Mervat , Sobh Mohamed Rasha , Abdelaziz Ghada Rabie , Rakha Maha , Abdelghaffar Shereen , Hamed Abd ElKhalek , Hammad Hany Abd El Rahman saeed , Mahmoud Eman O , Shaltout Inass 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
For patients considering bariatric surgery, it is essential to have clear answers to common questions to ensure the success of the procedure. Patients should understand that surgery is not a quick fix but a tool that must be complemented by lifestyle changes, including dietary adjustments and regular physical activity. The procedure carries potential risks that should be weighed against the potential benefits. Health authorities play a critical role in ensuring that bariatric surgery is performed under the highest standards of care. Recommendations are provided to determine who is an appropriate candidate for surgery, what preoperative evaluations are necessary, and how to monitor patients postoperatively to maximize outcomes and minimize risks. Additionally, authorities are responsible for ensuring access to follow-up care, including nutritional support and psychological counseling, which are vital for the long-term success of bariatric surgery.
Understanding these aspects by both patients and decision-makers is critical before proceeding with bariatric surgery. The following questions guide patients and healthcare professionals in making informed decisions about the procedure and managing the expectations and outcomes associated with bariatric surgery.
Analysis of HIV therapy in the liver using optimal control and pharmacokinetics
Authors: Nampala Hasifa , Jabłońska-Sabuka Matylda , Singull Martin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The main burden in treating human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection currently, is the side effects of the antiretroviral therapy (ART) used, because each treatment is toxic to the liver. This study uses optimal control theory applied to a mathematical model that describes the dynamics of HIV infection in the liver. The optimal controls are presented as therapy efficacy of reverse transcriptase inhibitors (RTIs), integrase inhibitors (INs) and protease inhibitors (PIs). An objective function is defined with an aim to investigate the optimal control strategy that minimises toxicity, viral load and cost of first-line and second-line HIV regimen. Results indicate that, in the first-line regimen with INs, a patient has to take medication for at least 98% of the treatment time and the regimen should be close to 100% efficacious regardless of the intervention cost. For second-line regimen, the period of drug administration of PIs largely depends on the weight constants. Inclusion of INs in the first-line regimen yields better HIV DNA suppression, as they are more efficacious than NRTIs. Of all drugs studied, nevirapine is highly efficacious but most toxic. The study recommends routine transaminase tests because results indicate liver enzyme elevation even with very low viral load. Numerical results with pharmacokinetic parameters further indicate an increase in HIV load at initiation of therapy, due to viral redistribution in plasma.
Livelihood training, food production, and food security among vulnerable communities in Bangladesh
Authors: Tran Andy , Fang Theresa , Oranga Beryl , Kopper Ryan , Kang Yunhee 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objectives
Massive influx of Rohingya refugees increases the risk of food insecurity in host communities in Bangladesh. This study explores intervention-related factors associated with food insecurity in the Bangladesh host households living near Rohingya refugees.

Methods
This secondary data analysis used the endline survey data from 660 host households who participated in the World Vision US Emergency Food System Security Project from 2019 to 2021. Logistic regression analysis was performed to explore the associations between program interventions and household dietary diversity score [HDDS: low (≤ 8) vs high (> 8)] and reduced coping strategy index [rCSI: high (> 3) vs. low (≤ 3)].

Results
A total of 64.7% of households (n = 427) had low HDDS, and 10.6% (n = 70) had high rCSI. Purchasing food using cash transfer was associated with higher odds of high rCSI (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.10; 95% CI 1.25–3.53) and low HDDS (AOR = 1.57; 95% CI 1.13–2.18). Those who received food aid had higher odds of low HDDS (AOR = 3.16; 95% CI 1.69–5.89). Participants who farmed had lower odds of having high rCSI and low HDDS [AOR = 0.41 (95% CI 0.21–0.77) and AOR = 0.57 (95% CI 0.34–0.98), respectively].

Conclusion
Our findings suggest that interventions focused on livelihood or farming training may yield the greatest reduction in food insecurity among host communities experiencing refugee influx. Humanitarian organizations should consider interventions that develop these farming skills over direct cash or food transfers to promote long-term self-sufficiency in the host population.
The role of BATF in immune cell differentiation and autoimmune diseases
Authors: Wang Xiaomeng , Hong Yue , Zou Jinmei , Zhu Bo , Jiang Chao , Lu Liwei , Tian Jie , Yang Jing , Rui Ke 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
As a member of the Activator Protein-1 (AP-1) transcription factor family, the Basic Leucine Zipper Transcription Factor (BATF) mediates multiple biological functions of immune cells through its involvement in protein interactions and binding to DNA. Recent studies have demonstrated that BATF not only plays pivotal roles in innate and adaptive immune responses but also acts as a crucial factor in the differentiation and function of various immune cells. Lines of evidence indicate that BATF is associated with the onset and progression of allergic diseases, graft-versus-host disease, tumors, and autoimmune diseases. This review summarizes the roles of BATF in the development and function of innate and adaptive immune cells, as well as its immunoregulatory effects in the development of autoimmune diseases, which may enhance the current understanding of the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and facilitate the development of new therapeutic strategies.
Technical aspects of neuraxial analgesia during labor and maternity care: an updated overview
Authors: Coviello Antonio , Iacovazzo Carmine , Frigo Maria Grazia , Ianniello Marilena , Cirillo Dario , Tierno Giuseppe , de Siena Andrea Uriel , Buonanno Pasquale , Servillo Giuseppe 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Labor analgesia is increasingly widespread throughout the world with a rate ranging from 10 to 60%. The benefits regarding clinical and non-clinical maternal–fetal outcomes are currently discussed in international scientific literature. Even stage of labor needs a different and appropriate approach to control the pain; however, different techniques are reported in literature. The following study intends to give a brief overview of the characteristics of the different neuraxial and non-neuraxial techniques currently available and the non-technical skills necessary for effective assistance to pregnant women, providing insights on the topic to understand critical issues at the same time. After bibliographic research since 2018 to 2023, many randomized controlled trials, literature reviews, systematic reviews, and metanalysis were evaluated to create this brief overview. The following pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches were assessed: spinal techniques, such as epidural analgesia (EA), combined spinal-epidural (CSE), dural puncture epidural (DPE), and continuous spinal anesthesia (CSA); pharmacological administration of nitrous oxide (N2O) and systemic opioids (morphine, fentanyl, and pethidine); as the third one transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation (TENS), acupressure/acupuncture, aromatherapy, and breathing exercises. All the assessed approaches are relatively safe and effective, but the association of technical and non-technical skills is needed to improve the maternal and fetus outcome. More studies are needed to clarify what is the best approach to labor analgesia.
State of Professional Well-Being, Satisfaction, and Career Plans Among US Oncologists in 2023
Authors: Schenkel Caroline , Levit Laura A. , Kirkwood Kelsey , Spence Rebecca , Burke John M. , Gallagher Colleen M. , Garrett-Mayer Elizabeth , McGinnis Molly , Morgante James D. , Page Ray D. , Paice Judith , Tetzlaff Eric , Winer Eric , Hlubocky Fay J. , Shanafelt Tait 
Published: January 2025

PURPOSE
Recent data suggest that the rate of burnout among oncologists has risen over time. In addition to the negative effect of burnout on individuals, widespread burnout may prevent the oncology workforce from meeting patient care needs.

METHODS
ASCO surveyed US-based oncologists in patient care roles about their professional well-being and satisfaction and the effect of both on their career plans. Burnout was assessed using measures of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization from the Maslach Burnout Inventory Human Services Survey. Data from the 2023 survey were compared with data from Shanafelt et al (JCO, 2014) collected about oncologist burnout/well-being in 2013.

RESULTS

In all, 328 responses to the 2023 survey were analyzed. Burnout was significantly higher compared with 2013, 45% in 2013 versus 59% in 2023 (
P
< .01). In 2023, <25% of oncologists reported feeling satisfied with their work-life integration, compared with nearly 35% in 2013 (
P
< .01). Burnout was significantly associated with being a caregiver in one’s personal life, being under age 50 years, and working more than 60 hours per week (all
P
< .05). Over 20% of respondents reported that it was likely or definite that they would reduce their clinical hours in the next 12 months. Additional practice/administrative support and reducing work hours were identified as potential solutions to improve job satisfaction.

CONCLUSION
Oncologists in 2023 are experiencing higher rates of burnout compared with a decade ago. System-based interventions to reduce burnout are necessary to maintaining an adequate workforce to provide care for current and future patients with cancer.
Ten-Year Trends in Clinician Well-Being and Burnout Among Oncology Fellows in Training: An ASCO State of Cancer Care in America Study
Authors: Schenkel Caroline , Levit Laura A. , Kirkwood Kelsey , Shanafelt Tait , Subbiah Ishwaria M. 
Published: January 2025

PURPOSE
To better understand burnout in oncology and clinician well-being along the career continuum starting with training, we sought to characterize the professional well-being of physicians training in medical oncology in 2023 and to identify trends over time comparing to fellows from a decade prior.

METHODS

All US medical oncology fellows taking the 2023 ASCO Medical Oncology In-Training Exam (ITE) were invited to complete an optional post-exam survey evaluating fatigue, satisfaction with work-life integration (WLI), emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. 2023 ITE survey responses were compared to the 2013 ASCO post-ITE survey (n=1345). Two sample
t
tests and analysis of variance tests (continuous variables) and Chi-square tests (categorical variables) were used to assess differences in well-being dimensions between groups.

RESULTS

Of the 2217 fellows who took the 2023 ITE, 1589 (71%) answered the post-ITE survey's well-being items (33% first-year, 36% second-year, and 31% third-year fellows). In 2023, one in five fellows (20%) reported burnout (compared to 34% of fellows in 2013,
P
< .01) and 50% of fellows in 2023 reported satisfaction with WLI (
v
34% in 2013,
P
< .01). High emotional exhaustion was reported in 18% of all fellows in 2023 with the highest among first years (21%), compared to third (17%) and second years (16%,
P
= .04). High depersonalization was reported by 11% of fellows in 2023 without a significant difference across the years. Finally, in 2023, 93% (n = 1459) of medical oncology fellows reported that they would choose oncology again as their field, increasing significantly from 89% (n = 1056) in 2013 (
P
< .01).

CONCLUSION
Although US medical oncology fellows are doing better than in 2013, burnout and work-life integration continue to be issues. These findings underscore the significance of optimizing WLI and the need to better understand the drivers mediating a positive workplace experience and its evolution once in practice.
Metabolic Profiles of Pregnancy with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Insights into Maternal-Fetal Metabolic Communication
Authors: Ge Huisheng , Huang Dongni , Tan Lunbo , Luo Dan , Zhou Liu , Liu Hong , Zhang Yilan , Liu Dandan , Wu Xixi , Wang Lulu , Xiong Liling , Yang Yang , Han Ting-Li , He Chengjin , Qi Hongbo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Context
PCOS pregnancies are linked to metabolic disorders affecting maternal and fetal outcomes, with maternal metabolites differing from those in normal pregnancies.

Objective
To investigate the metabolic communication at the maternal-fetal interface in PCOS pregnancies.

Design
Placenta and umbilical cord serum were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. In-depth analysis was performed with clinical characteristics.

Setting
Placenta and umbilical cord serum were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, alongside clinical characteristics.

Participants
45 uncomplicated PCOS pregnancies and 50 normal pregnancies.

Intervention(s)
None.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
The metabolic characteristics at the maternal-fetal interface in PCOS pregnancies and the underlying mechanisms.

Results
A total of 79 metabolites in the placenta and 25 in umbilical cord serum showed significant differences between polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and normal pregnancies. The 10 most significant placental metabolites were identified through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, 9 of which correlated significantly with maternal serum testosterone levels. Lasso regression analysis identified 4 key placental metabolite combinations: gamma-aminobutyric acid, proline, glycine, and isoleucine, achieving an area under the curve (AUC) of 93.24%. In umbilical cord serum, 6 metabolites differed significantly between PCOS and normal pregnancies, with the highest AUC reaching 76.07%, and 5 of these metabolites showed significant correlations with maternal serum testosterone levels. Nine differential metabolites were shared between the placenta and umbilical cord serum, which also shared metabolic pathways, including ABC transporters and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, potentially influencing maternal-fetal interactions.

Conclusion
This study identifies the metabolomic profile and key pathways in maternal-fetal communication during PCOS pregnancies.
Anchoring the Sacred in the Mundane
Authors: Hong Wu 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Baodingshan is a famous religious complex constructed primarily in the Southern Song period (1127–1270). The Great Buddha Bend (Dafowan), where a magnificent continuum of high-relief carvings was constructed along the cliff face, is a major site of the Baodingshan complex and the focus of this study. This paper takes a phenomenological approach to examine the experiential aspect of viewing these carvings. As a viewer encounters the carvings through his perceiving body rather than reading them as a flat, iconographic plan on the computer monitor, the spatial organization of the carvings, and their sizes and materiality are significant in affecting the viewer's perception of and psychological response to the divine. By analyzing the unconventional design tactics adopted at the Great Buddha Bend and their effects on the perceived relationship between the carved transcendent realm and the world of the earthly activities, this paper argues that the Great Buddha Bend reflects an intentional blurring of the boundaries between the sacred and the mundane. While pre-Song Buddhist settings exuded a detached, dignified solemnity separate from ordinary existence, the design philosophy at the Great Buddha Bend aimed to create a Buddhist environment that felt grounded in earthly experiences. This novel development is likely connected to the growing theatrical culture of the Song, but also reflects an understudied conceptual development during the Tang-Song transition. Probing into this transition provides a more nuanced understanding of the medieval people's envisioned relationship with the divine and offers fresh insights to the secularizing development of Buddhism during the Song dynasty.
Long-Term Outcomes of Jugular Paragangliomas Undergoing Gamma Knife Radiosurgery: A Single Center Experience
Authors: Daza-Ovalle Alberto , Bin-Alamer Othman , Wei Zhishuo , Abou-Al-Shaar Hussam , Hadjipanayis Constantinos G. , Gardner Paul , Niranjan Ajay , Lunsford L. Dade 
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Jugular paragangliomas (JPG) pose a surgical challenge because of their vascularity and complex location. Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) offers a minimally invasive management for patients with JPG. Our aim was to evaluate outcomes of Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) for the treatment of JPG over the long term.

METHODS:
We reviewed our 3.5-decade 17 800 patients' GKRS database. Clinical behavior, treatment parameters, tumor control, complications, and functional status were assessed.

RESULTS:
Forty patients (median = 56 years [range, 18-88], women = 24) with 40 JPG were included. There were 28 primary and 12 adjuvant GKRS. The median margin dose was 13.5 Gy (range, 12-18) delivered at 50% isodose line. Among patients with adjuvant GKRS, there were more staged-volume SRS (2 sessions) (n = 1 vs n = 3, P = .035) associated with larger tumor volume [3.5 cc (1.1-26.7) vs 10.2 cc (3.3-45.9), (P = .038) and increased V12Gy (P = .031). Better House-Brackmann grade (P = .008) and Gardner-Robertson hearing class (P < .001) before GKRS correlated with better facial nerve function and unchanged cochlear nerve function after treatment, respectively. During an overall median follow-up of 69.7 months (range, 6.0-339.3 months), symptom control and preserved functionality were achieved in 39 patients (97.5%). Tumor control was obtained in 38 patients (95%) (regression = 23, stable = 15) after SRS. The 5-, 10-, and 15-year progression-free survival rates were all 100% after primary GKRS and 91.7%, 83.3%, and 83.3% for adjuvant GKRS (P = .101). Larger (≥10 cc) tumor volumes (HR: 1.35 [95% CI: 1.11-1.70], P = .013) and mFisch Di2 (HR: 1.40 [95% CI: 1.18-1.64], P = .016) were associated with worse progression-free survival. One patient required a second GKRS after asymptomatic progression with no further growth. One patient with 2 failed surgical resections died 8 months after adjuvant GKRS related to tumor progression and hydrocephalus.

CONCLUSION:
As a minimally invasive management, GKRS proved to be a safe and effective treatment of JPG. GKRS should be considered both as an optimal primary management and as an early adjuvant strategy for residual or recurrent tumors after initial resection.
A subpopulation of cortical neurons altered by mutations in the autism risk gene DDX3X
Authors: Flores Michael A. , Garcia-Forn Marta , von Mueffling Alexa , Ola Praise , Park Yeaji , Boitnott Andrea , De Rubeis Silvia 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
Cell fate decisions during cortical development sculpt the identity of long-range connections that subserve complex behaviors. These decisions are largely dictated by mutually exclusive transcription factors, including CTIP2/Bcl11b for subcerebral projection neurons and BRN1/Pou3f3 for intra-telencephalic projection neurons. We have recently reported that the balance of cortical CTIP2-expressing neurons is altered in a mouse model of DDX3X syndrome, a female-biased neurodevelopmental disorder associated with intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder, and significant motor challenges. Here, we studied the developmental dynamics of a subpopulation of cortical neurons co-expressing CTIP2 and BRN1. We found that CTIP2+BRN1+ neurons are born during early phases of neurogenesis like other CTIP2+ neurons, peak in expression during perinatal life, and persist in adult brains. We also found that CTIP2+BRN1+ neurons are excessive in number in prenatal and mature cortical motor areas of Ddx3x mutant mice, translating into altered laminar distribution of subcerebral projection neurons extending axons to the brainstem. These findings underscore the critical role of molecular specification during cortical development in health and disease.