bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fluoroquinolones in the Treatment of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans‐Associated Periodontitis
Authors: Kleinfelder Joerg W. , Mueller Ruediger F. , Lange Dieter E. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Periodontitis patients harboring Actinobacillus actinmycetemcomitans (Aa) are prime candidates for systemic antibiotic therapy. Besides tetracycline and the combination of metronidazole and amoxicillin the fluoroquinolones are also believed to have antibacterial activity against Aa. The aim of the present study was to evaluate systemic ofloxacin therapy as adjunct to flap surgery.Methods: Twenty‐five adult periodontitis patients with subgingival detection of Aa were treated with 2×200mg/d ofloxacin for 5 days as adjunct to open flap surgery (test). Another 10 patients received only flap surgery (control). Probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) was recorded and subgingival plaque samples were cultivated on TSBV agar for detection of Aa at baseline as well as 3 and 12 months following therapy.Results: At 3 and 12 months following therapy mean PD at monitored sites in the test group changed from 6.8 mm (±1.3) to 3.6 mm (±1.0), 3.8 mm (±1.1) and CAL from 7.5 mm (±1.4) to 5.4 mm (±1.4), 5.5 mm (±1.3). In the control group PD changed from 6.5 mm (±0.7) to 4.0 mm (±1.7), 4.1 mm (±1.6) and CAL from 7.5 mm (±1.0) to 6.3 mm (±1.7), 6.4 mm (±1.8). P was <0.05 for CAL between groups. Three and 12 months following adjunctive systemic ofloxacin therapy, Aa was suppressed below detectable levels in 22 of 22, test patients, whereas Aa could not be recovered in only 2 of the 10 controls. (P <0.0001).Conclusions: Systemic ofloxacin as adjunct to open flap surgery is able to suppress A. actinomycetemcomitans below detectable level in patients harboring this organism at baseline. J Periodontol 2000;71:202‐208.
Peptostreptococcus micros Smooth and Rough Genotypes in Periodontitis and Gingivitis
Authors: Kremer Bas H. A. , Loos Bruno G. , van der Velden Ubele , Jan van Winkelhoff Arie , Craandijk Jeroen , Bulthuis Hankie M. , Hutter Jaap , Varoufaki Anna S. , Martijn van Steenbergen T.J. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Two genotypes can be distinguished within the species Peptostreptococcus micros: a smooth (Sm) and a rough (Rg) type. To date no systematic study has been performed on the prevalence and proportion of both types in untreated periodontitis patients and subjects without destructive periodontal disease. Therefore, the present study was performed to investigate: 1) the relative importance of the Sm and the Rg genotype of P. micros in periodontitis and gingivitis; 2) the correlation between smoking and the 2 genotypes of P. micros; and 3) the systemic antibody response against the 2 genotypes in relation to the periodontal condition and smoking.Methods: A total of 104 untreated periodontitis patients and 41 individuals with gingivitis underwent clinical examination and microbiological sampling. Pocket samples were cultured anaerobically on blood agar plates to determine the prevalence and proportion of the Sm and Rg types of P. micros. Serum antibody titers against both types of P. micros were determined in all subjects by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using whole bacterial cells as antigen. Additionally, in a representative group of subjects, the antigen specificity of the serum antibodies was assessed by immunoblotting experiments.Results: The prevalence of the Sm genotype was higher in subjects with periodontitis (94%) compared to subjects with gingivitis (59%), whereas the prevalence of the Rg type was not significantly different (38% versus 29%). Similar analyses were performed for subgroups of smokers and non‐smokers; within the periodontitis group, the prevalence of the Sm type was not different between smokers and non‐smokers (96% and 92%, respectively), whereas the prevalence of the Rg type was higher in smokers (48%) compared to non‐smokers (19%). No difference in prevalence of both types was observed between smokers and non‐smokers within the gingivitis group. The titers and specificity of P. micros‐specific immunoglobulins in periodontitis patients were not different from those in gingivitis subjects, nor were they related to smoking status or culture‐positivity.Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that both the Sm and the Rg genotypes of P. micros are part of the normal oral microbiota. However, the elevated prevalence of the Sm genotype in periodontitis and the elevated prevalence of the Rg type in periodontitis patients who smoke implies that both types can behave as opportunistic pathogens in destructive periodontal disease. J Periodontol 2000;71:209‐218.
Alveolar Bone Response to Submerged Bisphosphonate‐Complexed Hydroxyapatite Implants
Authors: Denissen Harry , Montanari Cristiana , Martinetti Roberta , van Lingen Arthur , van den Hooff Arnold 
Published: February 2005

Background: In most studies using submerged hydroxyapatite implants, maintenance of alveolar bone after tooth extraction was attempted with plain hydroxyapatite materials. However, clinical results have shown that hydroxyapatite may require biological modification with a bone resorption‐inhibiting agent which may be beneficial for maintenance of alveolar bone. We conducted experimental and clinical studies to evaluate the effect of highly bisphosphonate‐complexed hydroxyapatite implants on osteoconduction and repair in alveolar bone.Methods: Porous hydroxyapatite implants were pre‐incubated in 10−2M bisphosphonate solutions at pH 3.49. The implants had a diameter of 2.1 mm and a height of 2 mm and adsorbed 115 µg bisphosphonate. Five goats were implanted with 4 plain hydroxyapatite implants on each side of the mandible in root extraction sockets for the precision analysis of dual x‐ray absorptiometry (DEXA) measurements. Ten goats were implanted with 4 bisphosphonate/hydroxyapatite implants on one side of the mandible and 4 plain hydroxyapatite implants on the opposite mandible. In a clinical study, 23 bisphosphonate/hydroxyapatite implants were placed in periodontally destroyed tooth root sockets and followed up during one year.Results: The range for the bone mineral density (BMD) measurement errors for goat histologic sections was 0.48% to 1.03%. There were large differences in peri‐implant BMDs in the left and right mandible of the same goat, irrespective as to whether hydroxyapatite or bisphosphonate/hydroxyapatite implants were present. This was due to local anatomical differences typical of alveolar bone. These differences were not significant. Histologically, all bisphosphonate/hydroxyapatite as well as hydroxyapatite controls appeared to be fully integrated and effective as bone replacement material in goat alveolar bone. They exhibited vascularization and osteoconduction of alveolar bone growth along and inside their porous structure. In patients peri‐implant healing was clinically and radiographically comparable to plain hydroxyapatite implants. All implants were retained and no dehiscences developed. Radiographically, peri‐implant radiolucencies disappeared and alveolar bone was deposited in close proximity to the implants.Conclusions: This study contributes to the understanding of the biological properties of hydroxyapatite implants as carriers for the bone‐modulating agent bisphosphonate. Our study suggests that normal osteoconduction and repair occurred in alveolar bone around the highly bisphosphonate‐complexed hydroxyapatite implants. J Periodontol 2000;71:279‐286.
Effects of Combined Oral Treatments With Cyclosporine A and Nifedipine or Diltiazem on Drug‐Induced Gingival Overgrowth in Rats
Authors: Morisaki Ichijiro , Fukui Natsuko , Fujimori Yasushi , Murakami Jumpei , Daikoku Hiroshi , Amano Atsuo 
Published: February 2005

Background: Cyclosporine A (CsA) and calcium channel blockers induce gingival overgrowth in humans and animals. Recently, nifedipine and diltiazem have often been used to control CsA‐related hypertension in organ transplant patients. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a combined oral treatment of CsA and nifedipine or diltiazem on the severity of gingival overgrowth in rats.Methods: Fifteen‐day‐old Fischer rats were treated orally with single or combined applications of CsA, nifedipine, and/or diltiazem for 40 days; and induced gingival overgrowth, rat growth, and blood drug levels were compared among the different experimental groups. The experiment consisted of 6 groups: one control group (group A) and 5 test groups treated with CsA (group B), nifedipine (group C), and diltiazem (group D), as well as those concurrently treated with CsA and nifedipine (group E), and CsA and diltiazem (group F). Gingival overgrowth was determined by measuring the depth of the gingival sulcus.Results: The mandibular buccal gingival sulcus depth of group A was 365 ± 41.2 μm. Among the test groups, the most remarkable gingival overgrowth was seen in group E (1,020 ± 63.3 μm), followed by group F (895 ± 43.8 μm), group B (870 ± 48.3 μm), group C (525 ± 116 μm), and then group D (505 ± 83.2 μm). Rat body weight gain was reduced significantly by oral CsA treatment. Neither nifedipine nor diltiazem suppressed rat growth when used independently; however, rat growth reduced by CsA was further suppressed by a combined use of diltiazem, but not nifedipine. CsA blood levels were reduced by concurrent oral treatment with nifedipine or diltiazem along with the blood levels of those calcium channel blockers when treatment was in combination with CsA.Conclusions: These results suggest that gingival overgrowth is induced in rats as a side effect of CsA, nifedipine, or diltiazem, and the combined use of these drugs influences rat growth, blood drug levels, and the severity of gingival overgrowth. J Periodontol 2000;71:438‐443.
Ante‐Dependence Modeling in a Longitudinal Study of Periodontal Disease: The Effect of Age, Gender, and Smoking Status
Authors: Faddy Malcolm J. , Cullinan Mary P. , Palmer Jan E. , Westerman Bill , Seymour Gregory J. 
Published: February 2005

Background: It is generally accepted that periodontal disease progresses by a series of bursts that are interspersed by periods of stability or even gain of attachment. In order to analyze longitudinal data on a patient's disease experience, it is necessary to use models which accommodate serial dependence. Ante‐dependence between the results of a series of periodontal examinations over time can be modeled using a Markov chain. This model describes temporal changes in patients’ levels of disease in terms of transition probabilities, which allow for both regression and progression of the disease. The aim of the present study was to demonstrate the use of a Markov chain model to analyze data from a longitudinal study investigating the progression of periodontal disease in an adult population.Methods: The study population consisted of 504 volunteers; however, only 456 were included in the analysis because the remaining 48 subjects did not give consecutive data. Subjects were examined at baseline, 6 months, and 1, 2, and 3 years. Probing depths (PD) were recorded using an automated probe. Disease was defined as four or more sites with PD ≥ 4 mm. Markov chain modeling was used to determine the effect of age, gender, and smoking on the natural progression and regression (healing) of periodontal disease.Results: Smoking and increasing age had no effect on the progression of disease in this population, but did have a significant effect (P values ≤ 0.05) in reducing the regression of disease; i.e., their effect on disease appears to be inhibition of the natural healing process. Gender had no significant effects.Conclusions: These results demonstrate how ante‐dependence modeling of longitudinal data can reveal effects that may not be immediately apparent from the data, with smoking and increasing age being seen to inhibit the healing process rather than promote disease progression. J Periodontol 2000;71:454‐459.
Expression of Estrogen Receptors in Desquamative Gingivitis
Authors: Yih Wei‐Yung , Richardson Lisa , Kratochvil F. James , Avera Sean P. , Zieper Monica B. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Most cases of chronic desquamative gingivitis (CDG) are shown by direct immunofluorescence (DIF) to be immune mediated diseases. Some patients present with similar clinical and microscopic findings as CDG but DIF staining is negative. It has been suggested that those cases of CDG may be hormone (estrogen) mediated and may be treated with estrogens with favorable results.Methods: Gingival tissue from 24 cases of CDG and one case of ordinary gingivitis were studied for estrogen receptor (ER) expression using immunohistochemical techniques. Twenty‐four of the 25 cases were female. Using standard DIF analysis, 11 of the CDG cases were diagnosed as benign mucous membrane pemphigoid, 10 as lichen planus or lichenoid mucositis (LP), and one as pemphigus. The remaining 3 cases were not diagnostic for a specific disorder (idiopathic). Five of the females had a history of estrogen substitute therapy.Results: Twenty‐two of 23 female CDG cases were positive for ER, although the degree of staining varied. A 32‐year‐old female with ordinary gingivitis, whose gingivitis varied with her menstrual cycle, did not stain for ER. A 50‐year‐old male and a 76‐year‐old female, both with gingival LP, also had negative staining for ER.Conclusions: There appears to be no correlation between diagnosed diseases (immunological versus idiopathic) and expression of ER in CDG gingiva. ER expression in the gingiva is probably not related to the presence or absence of estrogen supplementation. The results of this study do not support the use of estrogen in the treatment of idiopathic CDG. J Periodontol 2000;71:482‐487.
Interleukin‐1 Gene Polymorphisms and Long‐Term Stability Following Guided Tissue Regeneration Therapy
Authors: De Sanctis Massimo , Zucchelli Giovanni 
Published: February 2005

Background: Specific interleukin (IL)‐1 gene polymorphisms are associated with an increased susceptibility to severe periodontitis, increased inflammation, and increased likelihood of tooth loss during the maintenance phase after conventional periodontal therapy. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of genotype on the maintenance of gained clinical attachment obtained after guided tissue regeneration (GTR) surgical therapy in deep intrabony defects.Methods: Forty deep (≥4 mm) interproximal angular bony defects with presurgical clinical attachment loss of >8 mm were treated by GTR using a non‐absorbable expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) membrane. Membranes were surgically removed 4 to 6 weeks after surgery. Afterwards patients were placed on monthly recall for the first year and every 3 months for the following 3 years. At the 4‐year re‐evaluation, a IL‐1 genetic susceptibility test was performed on all patients.Results: Fourteen (35% of the 40 patients) were genotype‐positive (+). At baseline no statistically significant differences were found between patients with different genotypes in full mouth plaque score (FMPS), full mouth bleeding score (FMBS), clinical attachment level (CAL), probing depth (PD), or gingival recession. At year 1 follow up visit, no statistically significant differences were noted between genotype + and genotype ‐ patients in FMPS, FMBS, amount of CAL gain, decrease in PD, or increase in gingival recession. Sixteen patients had membrane exposure after the GTR procedures. In these patients, the amount of CAL gain (P <0.001) and PD reduction (P <0.01) 1 year after surgery was significantly lower than those observed in patients without membrane exposure. At the year 4 follow‐up visit, no significant differences were found between genotype negative and positive patients in FMPS or FMBS and both groups showed a significant loss in CAL (P <0.001) and increase in PD (P <0.001) when compared to year 1 visit. No change in gingival recession was noted. Genotype + patients showed significantly more CAL loss (P <0.002) and increase in PD (P <0.001) between the years 1 and 4 when compared to genotype ‐ patients. A significant association between genotype and stability of the regenerated attachment was also demonstrated.Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrate that genotype expression did not effect GTR treatment response at 1 year, but had a great impact on long‐term stability (year 4). In a 3‐year period, patients with positive IL‐1 genotype lost about 50% of the first year gained CAL and were about 10 times more likely of experiencing ≥2 mm CAL loss when compared to oral hygiene matched genotype‐negative patients. J Periodontol 2000;71:606‐613.
Proximal Caries in Juvenile Periodontitis Patients
Authors: Sioson Patricia B. , Furgang David , Steinberg Louis M. , Fine Daniel H. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Caries is recognized as the prevalent proximal dental disease in adolescents, while proximal bone loss is minimal to non‐existent in this population. Adolescents demonstrating an inverse disease pattern, i.e., minimal caries and active periodontitis, could provide powerful clues with regard to both diseases. However, data are inconsistent. This study was designed to clarify this relationship by comparing proximal caries prevalence in a juvenile periodontitis (JP) group to a matched non‐periodontally diseased control group.Methods: Two groups (cases [JPs] and control patients [CPs]) were matched for age, sex, and race and evaluated for decayed, missing, filled teeth and surfaces (DMFS) by radiographic analysis. Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA and Student t test. The study consisted of four phases. Phase I was based on data from a previous study that failed to include race in the analysis. Thus, the original 23 JP patients (mostly African‐Americans from New York City) were rematched for race as well as sex and age with CPs from Newark, NJ. The effect of water fluoridation (found in NYC) was evaluated in Phase II by matching the 23 original CPs (mostly Caucasian from NYC) with 23 CPs from NJ. Since differences were seen, we rematched our original JPs from NYC with a new set of race‐matched CPs from NYC (Phase III). Finally, 13 JP patients from the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey (UMDNJ) were matched with CPs from NJ (Phase IV).Results: Phase I and III indicated that JP patients had significantly less proximal caries than their matched CPs (P ≤0.05). Phase II confirmed the role of fluoride in caries reduction. Phase IV (NJ sample) supported our previous data and suggested that JP patients had less proximal caries than CPs (P ≥0.05).Conclusions: JP patients had significantly less proximal caries than their matched CPs when groups were balanced and radiographic evaluations were performed. In‐depth studies of JP patients could provide important clues about both caries and periodontal disease etiology and pathogenesis. J Periodontol 2000;71:710‐716.
Non‐Surgical Periodontal Therapy and Tooth Loss. A Cohort Study
Authors: Hujoel P.P. , Leroux B.G. , Selipsky H. , White B.A. 
Published: February 2005

Background: No reliable evidence is available regarding the effect of periodontal therapy on major disease endpoints such as tooth loss, edentulism, or quality of life. The primary objective of this study was to assess the association between tooth loss and the non‐surgical periodontal treatment history of 1,021 members of the Kaiser Permanente Dental Care Program.Methods: Tooth loss rates were estimated using Poisson regression models, adjusting for some of the potentially confounding variables such as initial disease severity and extent.Results: Continuous non‐surgical therapy (one or more nonsurgical procedures performed during 3 successive years), as opposed to no therapy during such a 3‐year period, reduced the subsequent tooth mortality rate by 58% (relative rate, 0.42; 95% confidence interval, 0.29‐0.61). Intermittent non‐surgical therapy reduced the tooth mortality rate by 48% (RR = 0.52; 95% confidence interval, 0.34‐0.80). As the number of non‐surgical procedures increased, tooth loss rates decreased.Conclusions: These findings suggest that non‐surgical periodontal therapy may be associated with a substantial reduction in tooth mortality. Different study designs and populations are needed to confirm these findings. J Periodontol 2000;71:736‐742.
Case Report of Regional Alveolar Bone Actinomycosis: A Juvenile Periodontitis‐Like Lesion
Authors: Nagler Rafael M. , Ben‐Arieh Yehudith , Laufer Dov 
Published: February 2005

Background: Cervicofacial actinomycosis infection most often involves the mandibular bone and rarely the alveolar crest.Methods: We describe a 14‐year‐old patient who had actinomycosis involving the alveolar bone at the left lower dental quadrant region. Resembling juvenile periodontitis, it was difficult to diagnose properly and resulted in devastating dental and periodontal consequences: loss of one tooth with most of its adjacent regional alveolar bone, severely compromising the support of two other teeth.Results: With the diagnosis came successful treatment, including surgical removal of the soft and hard tissues with concomitant prolonged penicillin administration.Conclusions: We feel that this case should raise the interest and concern of both the periodontist and the general practitioner so that early diagnosis can be obtained, significantly improving the clinical outcome. J Periodontol 2000;71:825‐829.
Evaluation of the Regenerative Effect of a 25% Doxycycline‐Loaded Biodegradable Membrane for Guided Tissue Regeneration
Authors: Chang Chao‐Yi , Yamada Satoru 
Published: February 2005

Background: Biodegradable materials have been successfully utilized for guided tissue regeneration (GTR) and local delivery systems (LDS) because they are biocompatible, less cytotoxic, and do not require removal. Several studies have demonstrated that tetracyclines (TCs), when applied topically, stimulated osteogenesis in experimental bone defects. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the regenerative effect of a 25% doxycycline‐loaded biodegradable GTR membrane (Doxy‐M) in dogs.Methods: Doxy‐M was made by coating the inner surface of a biodegradable membrane (BD‐M) with 25% doxycycline. Five male mongrel dogs with 20 created osseous defects were enrolled. The plain BD‐M was used as the control membrane. Either Doxy‐M or BD‐M was applied in 20 randomly selected defects (10 Doxy‐M, 10 BD‐M) for 12 weeks with the GTR technique. The histometric analysis was evaluated with the following parameters: defect height (DH), apical extension of junctional epithelium (AEJP), new cementum height (NCH), new bone height (NBH), and new bone area (NBA).Results: The Doxy‐M–treated defects showed more pronounced new bone formation and less crestal bone resorption than the BD‐M–treated defects. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in DH, AEJP, and NCH. Statistically significantly larger NBH (P <0.05) and NBA (P <0.005) were seen in the Doxy‐M–treated defects.Conclusions: The results strongly suggest that Doxy‐M may have a beneficial effect on osteogenesis to favor periodontal regeneration. J Periodontol 2000;71:1086‐1093.