bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MFO induction potential of fish species native to the Swan–Canning Estuary, Western Australia
Authors: Webb D. , Gagnon Marthe Monique 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe use of mixed function oxygenase (MFO) enzymes as a potential biomarker of pollution in the Swan‐Canning Estuary was investigated in four indigenous fish species, Perth herring (Nematalosa vlaminghi), sea mullet (Mugil cephalus), yellowtail trumpeter (Amniataba caudavittata), and black bream (Acanthopagrus butcheri). Each experimental fish was intraperitoneally injected with 10 μg/kg of 3,3′,4,4′,5‐pentachlorobiphenyl per kilogram of fish using corn oil as a carrier. Controls were injected with 1 mL corn oil per kilo. Induction of the hepatic ethoxyresorufin‐O‐deethylase (EROD) activity was measured 10 days post injection. Perth herring did not survive the experimental period due to the poor ability of this fish to endure captivity and handling. Yellowtail trumpeter demonstrated a low EROD induction response (2‐fold relative to controls), while sea mullet displayed a moderate EROD induction potential (3.5‐fold relative to controls). Because of their lower EROD induction potential, yellowtail trumpeter and sea mullet were not considered the most suitable bioindicator species for Western Australian estuarine waters. Black bream has desirable population traits and had a relatively high MFO induction potential response (9‐fold relative to controls). From the results it was concluded that, when using EROD induction as a biomarker, black bream is a suitable fish to use as a bioindicator species for investigations into the health of the Swan‐Canning Estuary. © 2002 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 17: 87–92, 2002
Detection of nodularin in flounders and cod from the Baltic Sea
Authors: Sipiä Vesa , Kankaanpää Harri , Lahti Kirsti , Carmichael Wayne W. , Meriluoto Jussi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe brackish water cyanobacterium Nodularia spumigena regularly forms waterblooms in the Baltic Sea. Many N. spumigena strains can produce nodularin, a hepatotoxic penta‐peptide, which has caused several animal poisonings in the Baltic Sea area. To improve our understanding of nodularin bioaccumulation in aquatic organisms this study measured nodularin in flounder and cod caught from the Baltic Sea. Flounders were collected from the western Gulf of Finland in July 1996, September 1997, and September 1998, and from the Gulf of Bothnia in August 1997 and September 1998. Flounders were also collected from the coastal areas of Sweden in the Baltic Proper during September 1998. Cod were caught from the southern Baltic Sea in August 1998. Livers and muscles of the 1997 fish were isolated, extracted, and analysed for nodularin using high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) inhibition assay. Approximately 30–70 ng of nodularin/g dry weight (maximum value 140 ng/g) were found in the liver tissue samples by ELISA and PP1 inhibition. These concentrations were below the detection limit of HPLC. PP1 assay showed inhibition also in muscle samples, but this may due to other compounds present in the muscle extracts rather than NODLN or due to matrix interference. The recovery of nodularin from liver tissue with ELISA and PP1 assays was about 30%. Nodularin concentrations in samples are not corrected for recovery. Although the concentrations of nodularin found in this study are low further studies of nodularin are needed to assess possible bioaccumulation in brackish water food webs. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Environ Toxicol 16: 121–126, 2001
Interlaboratory study for the validation of an ecotoxicological procedure to monitor the quality of septic sludge received at a wastewater treatment plant
Authors: Robidoux Pierre Yves , Choucri Achraf , Bastien Christian , Sunahara Geoffrey I. , López‐Gastey José 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSeptic tank sludge is regularly hauled to the Montreal Urban Community (MUC) wastewater treatment plant. It is then discharged and mixed with the wastewater inflow before entering the primary chemical treatment process. An ecotoxicological procedure integrating chemical and toxicological analyses has been recently developed and applied to screen for the illicit discharge of toxic substances in septic sludge. The toxicity tests used were the Microtox, the bacterial‐respiration, and the lettuce (Lactuca sativa) root elongation tests. In order to validate the applicability of the proposed procedure, a two‐year interlaboratory study was carried out. In general, the results obtained by two independent laboratories (MUC and the Centre d'expertise en analyse environnementale du Québec) were comparable and reproducible. Some differences were found using the Microtox test. Organic (e.g., phenol and formaldehyde) and inorganic (e.g., nickel and cyanide) spiked septic sludge were detected with good reliability and high efficiency. The relative efficiency to detect spiked substances was >70% and confirms the results of previous studies. In addition, the respiration test was the most efficient toxicological tool to detect spiked substances, whereas the Microtox was the least efficient (<15%). Efficiencies to detect spiked contaminants were also similar for both laboratories. These results support previous data presented earlier and contribute to the validation of the ecotoxicological procedure used by the MUC to screen toxicity in septic sludge. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Environ Toxicol 16: 158–171, 2001
Effect of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate on population growth of Daphnia galeata: A life table evaluation
Authors: Tanaka Y. , Nakanishi J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe chronic effect of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS12) on a daphnid species (Daphnia galeata) was examined by the life table experiment. The estimated responses in the intrinsic rate of population growth r were analyzed with two alternate concentration–response functions, i.e., the power function and the quadratic function. Based on the best‐fit power function model with biases corrected by the jackknife procedure, the population‐level EC50, which is defined as the concentration of chemicals that reduces the population growth rate (the intrinsic rate of natural increase) by 50%, was estimated as 2.5 mg/L. The 48‐h acute immobility test yielded EC50 of 4.6 mg/L. The population‐level effect of LAS12 on this test species is considerably more sensitive than the acute lethal effects to neonates. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Environ Toxicol 16: 344–348, 2001
Wind hybrid electrical supply system: behaviour simulation and sizing optimization
Authors: Notton G. , Cristofari C. , Poggi P. , Muselli M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractUsing a global approach, a wind hybrid system operation is simulated and the evolution of several parameters is analysed, such as the wasted energy, the fuel consumption and the role of the wind turbine subsystem in the global production. This analysis shows that all the energies which take part in the system operation are more dependent on the wind turbine size than on the battery storage capacity. A storage of 2 or 3 days is sufficient, because an increase in storage beyond these values does not have a notable impact on the performance of the wind hybrid system. Finally, a cost study is performed to determine the optimal configuration of the system conducive to the lowest cost of electricity production. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A telescopic local grid refinement technique for wind flow simulation over complex terrain
Authors: Theodorakakos A. , Bergeles G. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA telescopic local grid refinement technique is developed in order to enhance the accuracy level of wind field predictions in a subregion of a complex topography. A 3D simulation of the wind flow field over complex terrains has been carried out. The governing Navier–Stokes conservation equations of the flow field are solved numerically in a three‐dimensional generalized curvilinear non‐orthogonal grid, using Cartesian velocity components, following the finite volume approximation and a pressure correction method. Turbulence is simulated by a two‐equation transport model. The reliability of the general flow solver is first tested by simulating the flow past a cube. The second test case simulated is the flow over the Askervein hill, with a detailed comparison of predicted and measured velocities. The third case presented concerns flow field simulation over a complete island. Comparison with measurements reveals the significance of the accurate discretization of the topography and the use of telescopic meshes on the results. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modelling and analysis of the flow field around a coned rotor
Authors: Mikkelsen R. , Sørensen J. N. , Shen W. Z. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe influence of coning a wind turbine rotor is analysed numerically using the blade element momentum (BEM) method and an actuator disc model combined with the Navier–Stokes equations. The two models are compared and shortcomings of the BEM model are discussed. As a first case, an actuator disc with a constant normal loading of CT = 0·89 is considered. In accordance with theoretical predictions and investigations by Madsen and Rasmussen (European Wind Energy Conference, Nice, 1999; 138–141), the computations demonstrate that the power coefficient based on the projected area of the actuator disc is invariant to coning. The induced velocities, however, are no longer constant, but vary as a function of spanwise position. Next, the flow past the 2 MW Tjæreborg wind turbine is computed with and without coning. The most important findings from this study are that, although the power is reduced when the rotor is coned, the power coefficient based on the projected area is only slightly changed. The computations show that upstream coning results in a 2%–3% point higher power production than the corresponding downstream coning of the rotor. The Navier–Stokes computations show that the integrated loading, i.e. the root shear force, is higher than the one predicted by the BEM method, which is reduced approximately in proportion to the projected area. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Local structure around phosphorus atoms in nickel–phosphorus alloy films studied by total electron yield x‐ray absorption fine structure
Authors: Watanabe Takashi , Kato Jun , Matsuo Shuji , Wakita Hisanobu , Umesaki Norimasa 
Published: August 2002

AbstractNickel– phosphorus alloy films, deposited on titanium by electroless NiP plating, were studied by means of total electron yield (TEY) x‐ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) and x‐ray diffraction (XRD). XAFS spectra were analyzed by the discrete variational Xα (DV‐Xα) molecular orbital method and XAFS spectral simulation using photoelectron multiple scattering theory (FEFF8), in order to clarify the deposition mechanism of Ni3P from NiP alloy films under various heating conditions. As for the electroless NiP plating, the quasi‐intermetallic compounds of Ni3P were formed under as‐deposited conditions before the heat treatment. The samples obtained after the heat treatment were in the form of larger crystal grains of Ni3P structure. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantitative elemental mapping and characterization of the homogeneity of element distribution in polymer foils by microbeam x‐ray fluorescence spectrometry
Authors: Wȩgrzynek Dariusz 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMicrobeam XRF measurements of polymer foils of different thickness were performed to compare the homogeneity of the distributions of element admixtures in plastics (polycarbonate foils). The measurements were performed with an energy‐dispersive x‐ray fluorescence spectrometer utilizing capillary optics. The spatial resolution of the spectrometer set‐up was about 30 µm. The distributions of Ti, Cr, Fe, Sr and Ba were investigated. The samples were prepared from plastic foils having different thickness ranging from about 90 to 2600 µm. For each sample, line scan measurements were carried out, each line scan consisting of 128 points. The local concentrations of elements along the scanned path were calculated using the modified backscatter fundamental parameter method. The influence of the foil thickness on the element distributions obtained was observed. It was found that of the investigated elements, barium had the most uneven distribution. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Extension of PROZA96 to conditions of non‐perpendicular incidence of the electron beam
Authors: Bastin G. F. , Oberndorff P. J. T. L. , Dijkstra J. M. , Heijligers H. J. M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAn extension of our double Gaussian PROZA96 correction program for EPMA is presented, which can handle non‐perpendicular incidence of the electron beam. The description of the changes in the primary intensity generated in the specimen and of the changes in the integral of φ(ρz) with tilt are taken from the literature. The extreme changes in the shape of φ(ρz) are modeled by a gradual transition of the original double Gaussian shape at zero tilt, through a mixed Gaussian/single‐exponential (for tilt angles up to 60°), to finally a mixed Gaussian/double‐exponential shape (for tilt angles exceeding 60°). The left‐hand (rising) branch of φ(ρz) is assumed to retain its original Gaussian form during tilting. Tests on the limited data available in the literature have shown that the performance of this new extended model is very promising. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantitative analysis of metallic ultra‐thin films by grazing‐exit electron probe x‐ray microanalysis
Authors: Spolnik Z. , Tsuji K. , Saito K. , Asami K. , Wagatsuma K. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractGrazing‐exit electron probe x‐ray microanalysis (GE‐EPMA) was used for the quantitative analysis of films with thicknesses of 10 and 4 nm. First‐order calibration curves were obtained for the determination of Ti and Cr over a wide range of concentrations. The results confirmed that matrix effects are negligible when the film thickness is below some critical value. The minimum detection limits were obtained at the small exit angles (0.75° for the 10 nm thick film on the gold and 0.53° for the 4 nm thick film on the silicon substrate). Detection limits were improved by a factor of 6.5 under grazing exit conditions for the film with a thickness of 10 nm and by a factor of 2 for the film with a thickness of 4 nm, compared with detection limits obtained at 45°. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gene order in a 10 275 bp fragment of Yarrowia lipolytica, including adjacent YlURA5 and YlSEC65 genes conserved in four yeast species
Authors: Sánchez Manuel , Domínguez Angel 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe have determined the sequence of a 10275 bp DNA segment of Yarrowia lipolytica located on chromosome VI. The sequence contains six complete open reading frames (ORFs) longer than 100 amino acids and two more partial ORFs at both ends. Two of the ORFs encode for the well‐characterized genes YlURA5 (orotate phosphoribosyltransferase) and YlSEC65 (encoding a subunit of the signal recognition particle). These two genes show an identical organization—located on opposite strands and in opposite orientations—in four yeast species: Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Kluyveromyces lactis, Candida albicans and Y. lipolytica. One ORF and the two partial ORFs code for putative proteins showing significant homology with proteins from other organisms. YlVI‐108w (partial) and YlVI‐103w show 39% and 54% identity, respectively, with YDR430c and YHR088w from S. cerevisiae. YlVI‐102c (partial) shows significant homology with a matrix protein, lustrin A from Haliotis rufescens, and with the PGRS subfamily (Gly‐rich proteins) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The three remaining ORFs show weak or non‐significant homology with previously sequenced genes. The nucleotide sequence has been submitted to the EMBL database under Accession No. AI006754. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A minisatellite sequence in the upstream region of the DURA3 gene from the halotolerant yeast Debaryomyces hansenii
Authors: Bansal Parmil K. , Sharma Pratima , Mondal Alok K. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe URA3 gene of Debaryomyces hansenii, encoding orotidine 5′‐phosphate decarboxylase enzyme, was isolated by complementation in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The deduced amino acid sequence is highly similar to Ura3 proteins from other yeast and fungal species. Analysis of the region upstream of the coding sequence revealed the presence of AG‐rich minisatellite DNA sequences. In addition, upstream of the DURA3 sequence, we have found the 3′‐terminal of a gene encoding a GEA2‐like protein. The GenBank Accession No. of this sequence is AY033329. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of the sec1‐1 and sec1‐11 mutations
Authors: Brummer Mirko H. , Kivinen Katja J. , Jäntti Jussi , Toikkanen Jaana , Söderlund Hans , Keränen Sirkka 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSec1 proteins are implicated in positive and negative regulation of SNARE complex formation. To better understand the function of Sec1 proteins we have identified the nature of the temperature‐sensitive mutations in sec1‐1 and sec1‐11. The sec1‐1 mutation changes a conserved glycine443 to glutamic acid. The sec1‐11 mutation changes a highly conserved arginine432 to proline. Based on homology and the crystal structure of the mammalian nSec1p, the corresponding amino acids localize to the 3b domain of nSec1p. Compared to the wild‐type Sec1p the mutant proteins are less abundant even at the permissive temperature. Thus, the R432P and G443E mutations may cause structural alterations that affect folding and make the mutant proteins more susceptible to degradation. The remaining part is sufficient for growth and protein secretion at 24°C and thus is likely to be properly folded. At 37°C the mutant proteins become non‐functional. In pulse–chase‐type experiments the newly synthesized Sec1‐1 and Sec1‐11 proteins decayed similarly with the wild‐type protein. Thus, the non‐functionality of the mutant proteins cannot be explained by denaturation‐induced degradation only. It is possible that the newly synthesized mutant proteins fold slowly and are susceptible to degradation before they have managed to fold and associate with other proteins. The mutant proteins were unable to interact with the Sec1p‐interacting proteins Mso1p and Sso2p in the two‐hybrid assay, even at the permissive temperature. These results localize sec1‐1 and sec1‐11 mutations to a domain of Sec1p and suggest a mechanism by which sec1‐1 and sec1‐11 cells become temperature‐sensitive. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In vivo selectively infective phage as a tool to detect protein interactions: evaluation of a novel vector system with yeast Ste7p–Fus3p interacting proteins
Authors: Hertveldt Kirsten , Robben Johan , Volckaert Guido 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe selectively infective phage (SIP) approach allows rapid identification of interacting proteins by linking protein–protein interaction to phage infectivity. Infection of E. coli by filamentous phage depends on viral g3p. This protein consists of three domains, N1, N2 and CT. Phages lacking the N1 domain are non‐infective unless a bait (X)–prey (Y) interaction links it to phage anchored N2–CT domains. We have developed all the vectors required for an in vivo selectively infective phage strategy (SIP). This includes a bait vector, pG3N1, a prey vector, pHOS41, and a gene III deletion helper phage, HPd3. The bait vector pG3N1 allows expression of a bait protein (X) fused to the C‐terminus of the N1 domain. The prey vector pHOS41 allows expression of prey (Y) proteins, fused to the N‐terminus of the N2–CT domains. The gene III deletion helper phage delivers all phage proteins necessary for phage production, except g3p. Escherichia coli transformed with these three vectors produces non‐infective phages unless a bait–prey interaction links the g3p domains. Fus3p and Ste7p, two proteins from the Saccharomyces cerevisiae pheromone‐responsive pathway have been cloned to evaluate the SIP strategy. The presence of the interacting N1–Fus3p adapter increased the infectivity of Ste7p–N2–CT phages ∼1400‐fold, which makes SIP a promising technology for the detection and further investigation of interacting proteins. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mutations in the Lcb2p subunit of serine palmitoyltransferase eliminate the requirement forthe TSC3 gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Monaghan Erin , Gable Ken , Dunn Teresa 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSerine palmitoyltransferase catalyses the committed step in sphingolipid synthesis, the condensation of serine with palmitoyl‐CoA to form 3‐ketosphinganine. Two proteins, Lcb1p and Lcb2p, are essential for enzyme activity and a third protein, the 80‐amino acid Tsc3p, stimulates the activity of serine palmitoyltransferase several‐fold. Tsc3p physically associates with a complex of Lcb1p–Lcb2p and stimulates enzyme activity post‐translationally, but its precise function is not known. Tsc3p is essential for cell viability only at elevated temperatures, although serine palmitoyltransferase activity is reduced in the tsc3Δ mutant, even at permissive growth temperatures. Tsc3p is apparently not required for any essential process besides stimulation of serine palmitoyltransferase at 37°C, since providing sphingoid bases to the growth medium reverses the temperature‐sensitive growth phenotype of the tsc3Δ mutant. To gain further insight into the function of Tsc3p, suppressor mutants that eliminate the Tsc3p requirement for growth at 37°C were isolated and characterized. These studies show that dominant mutations in the Lcb2p subunit of serine palmitoyltransferase suppress the temperature‐sensitive growth phenotype of the tsc3Δ null mutant by increasing the Tsc3p‐independent serine palmitoyltransferase activity. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Long‐term administration of α‐tocopherol in captive Asian elephants (Elephas maximus)
Authors: Kenny David E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAfter the loss of an African elephant (Loxodonta africana) in February 1989 at the Denver Zoological Gardens (DZG) with very low circulating serum α‐tocopherol, a long‐term study was initiated with three Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) to evaluate the effect of an oral micellized, water‐soluble, natural source d‐α‐tocopherol supplement. Baseline α‐tocopherol levels were evaluated and found to be approximately 3.75‐fold less than those reported for semi‐free‐ranging Asian Nepalese work camp and free‐ranging African elephants. The DZG elephants were then administered a liquid d‐α‐tocopherol (Emcelle®) at 2.2 IU/kg body weight orally once daily. Serum samples were obtained and analyzed at 1, 2, 8, and 12 months and then annually for 96 months. The oral vitamin E supplement significantly elevated serum levels above baseline and were found to be comparable with levels reported for semi–free‐ranging and free‐ranging elephants. Zoo Biol 20:245–250, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.