bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphology of the left atrial appendage
Authors: Ernst Günther , Stöllberger Claudia , Abzieher Friedrich , Veit‐Dirscherl Walter , Bonner Elisabeth , Bibus Brigitte , Schneider Barbara , Slany Jörg 
Published: February 2005

AbstractBackground: When examining the left atrial appendage by transesophageal echocardiography, differences in size and shape of the left atrial appendage are to be observed. The study was carried out with the aim of investigating the morphology of the left atrial appendage and to find associations with pathologic cardiac findings.Methods and results: In 220 cases (106 female, 114 male, mean age 72 ± 13 years) a cast of the left atrial appendage was made after the post mortem examination by using synthetic resin. In 198 cases an ECG was available (sinus rhythm n = 143, atrial fibrillation n = 55). The casts were described in respect to course and ramifications of the principal axis. The casts were measured concerning orifice diameters, outline, and volume. Most frequently (42%) the course of the principal axis was angulated below 100°. More than five ramifications of the principal axis were found in 56% of the casts. The volume ranged from 770–19,270 mm3 (mean 5,220 ± 3,041). When comparing the clinical and autopsy‐data of the patients with the morphology of the casts, associations could be found between the volume of the casts and atrial fibrillation (7,060 mm3 as compared to 4,645 mm3 in sinus rhythm, P < 0.01), left ventricular hypertrophy (5,740 mm3 as compared to 4,639 mm3 without hypertrophy, P < 0.01), myocardial scars (5,923 mm3 as compared to 4,891 mm3 without scars, P < 0.05), closed foramen ovale (5,515 mm3 as compared to 4,037 mm3 with patent foramen ovale, P < 0.01), and left atrial appendage thrombi (8,566 mm3 as compared to 5,027 mm3 without thrombi, P < 0.01).Conclusion: Left atrial appendages are formations greatly varying in volume and shape. This variability should be considered when interpreting images of the left atrial appendage, and in particular when diagnosing thrombi. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pericyte‐endothelial gap junctions in developing rat cerebral capillaries: A fine structural study
Authors: Fujimoto Katsukuni 
Published: February 2005

AbstractBackground: Fine structural study revealed the intercellular coupling between the pericyte and the endothelial cells via the gap junctions, in the capillaries of the basal forebrain of rat embryos.Results: Gap junctions were constructed by the adluminal plasmalemma of pericyte and the abluminal plasmalemma of endothelial cells.Conclusions: Gap junctions are membranous channels that directly join the cytoplasms of the pericyte and endothelial cell and imply some substantial role for the pericyte on the endothelial proliferation. It is postulated that the function of the pericyte in the prenatal mammals are assigned to the regulation of the development of cerebral microcirculation. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Three‐dimensional (3D‐) reconstruction of M cells in rabbit peyer's patches: Definition of the intraepithelial compartment of the follicle‐associated epithelium
Authors: Regoli Marì , Bertelli Eugenio , Borghesi Chiara , Nicoletti Claudio 
Published: February 2005

AbstractOne of the major cell components of the rabbit follicle‐associated epithelium is represented by the M cells. M cells are able to harbour variable amounts of immunocompetent cells inside peculiar invaginations of their basolateral cytoplasmic membrane, currently referred to as “pockets.” This study provides a description of the exact spatial relationships between the M cells and the cells harboured in these so‐called “pockets.”Pieces of Peyer's patches, taken from the small intestine of an adult male rabbit, were treated as usual for conventional electron microscopy. Consecutive semithin and ultrathin sections were made through the entire thickness of the follicle‐associated epithelium along planes parallel to the mucosal surface. Micrographs, taken from the ultrathin sections, were transposed into a software MacDraw Pro to obtain a computerized three‐dimensional reconstruction.Three‐dimensional reconstruction of the M cells showed that the “pockets” were not formed by mere invaginations of the cytoplasmic membrane, but that they resulted from the branching of the supranuclear portion of the M cell cytoplasm around the M cell‐infiltrating lymphocytes. These intrusive cells could be found inside the “pockets” or lined up with one another, in vertical columns, bordering on the basal aspect of the M cells. The particular arrangement of the M cell apical cytoplasm created a labyrinth within the follicle‐associated epithelium, which could be assumed as a real intraepithelial compartment expandable virtually throughout all the epithelium.The functional meaning of the intraepithelial compartment delimited by the M cells and its possible role is discussed. In particular, the definition of a new intraepithelial compartment of the follicle‐associated epithelium, in order to differentiate it from the more generic intraepithelial compartment of the intestinal epithelium, is proposed. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Immunocytochemical localization of the protein reactive to human β‐1, 4‐galactosyltransferase antibodies during chick embryonic skin differentiaion
Authors: Akimoto Yoshihiro , Obinata Akiko , Endo Hiroyoshi , Furukawa Kiyoshi , Aoki Daisuke , Nozawa Shiro , Hirano Hiroshi 
Published: February 2005

AbstractBackground: β‐1, 4‐Galactosyltransferase (GalTase) transfers galactose from UDP‐galactose to terminal N‐acetylglucosamine in glycoconjugates and is located both in the Golgi apparatus and in the plasma membrane. The cell surface GalTase is thought to be involved in cell‐to‐cell recognition and cell‐to‐extracellular matrix interaction.Methods: By the use of specific monoclonal antibodies against human GalTase, changes in cell surface localization of the protein reactive to the antibodies in chick embryonic skin during its differentiation in vivo and in vitro were detected immunohistochemically at both light‐ and electron microscopic levels. The distribution of glycoconjugates having terminal N‐acetylglucosamine residues was detected by staining with succinylated wheat germ agglutinin (s‐WGA).Results: Under the light microscope, intense immunostaining was observed in the keratinized epidermis, particularly in the intermediate layer. Marked changes in the localization of the staining were observed in vitamin A‐induced mucus‐secreting skin, in which keratinization was suppressed. The localization of the immunostaining was in parallel with that of glycoconjugates having terminal N‐acetylglucosamine residues.Immunoelectron microscopically the immunostaining was located on the cell surface and in the intercellular space of the desmosomes in the intermediate cells of the keratinized epidermis. However, the staining was not present on the cell surface but was detected on the limiting membrane of the mucous granules, in the mucous metaplastic epidermis. In contrast, the staining was always found in the Golgi apparatus in all of the cells.Conclusions: These results suggest that the protein reactive to human GalTase antibody may be involved in chick epidermal differentiation. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Age‐induced hypertrophy of astrocytes in rat supraoptic nucleus: A cytological, morphometric, and immunocytochemical study
Authors: Berciano Maria Teresa , Andres Maria Auxiliadora , Calle Ester , Lafarga Miguel 
Published: February 2005

AbstractBackground: In the adult rat, neuron‐astroglia interactions in the supraoptic nucleus (SON) are characterized by the structural and functional plasticity of astrocytes in response to several physiological and experimental conditions. This study has analyzed the plasticity of the supraoptic nucleus astrocytes in response to the age‐induced changes in neuronal activity.Methods: The study was performed in 5‐, 12‐, 18‐ and 24‐month‐old rats. The cytology and organization of astrocytes in the SON were examined using glial fibrillary acidic and vimentin immunocytochemistry and ultrastructural and morphometric analysis.Results: No significant age‐related variations in the total number of neurons and astrocytes in the SON were detected, although a few degenerating neurons were found in old rats. An age‐dependent increase in GFAP immunoreactivity was observed at the ventral glial lamina, perivascularly and between neuronal perikarya. Vimentin overexpression was also detected in ventral lamina astrocytes with advancing age. At the cell nucleus level, we observed an age‐associated increase in nuclear size and in the number of coiled bodies, nuclear bodies, and “cleared” nucleoplasmic areas, as well as changes in the nucleolar organization. At the cytoplasmic level, characteristic ultrastructural features in astrocytes of old rats were the hypertrophy of intermediate filament bundles and the formation of an extensive network of Golgi stacks interlinked by tubulovesicular elements. Glial filaments were often associated with the nuclear envelope and polyribosomes.Conclusions: The increased GFAP and vimentin immunoreactivity and the morphometric and cytological changes in rat SON astrocytes may reflect a sustained upregulation of cellular activity with age, resulting in hypertrophy of glial perikarya and cell processes. Several factors that are known to influence the expression of the astrocytic phenotype, such as signals produced by degenerating neurons and activated microglia, as well as variations in neuronal activity are considered possible causes of the age‐associated changes in SON astrocytes. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Immunolocalization of N‐CAM in the heart of the early developing rat embryo
Authors: Okagawa Hiroto , Nakagawa Masao , Simada Morimi 
Published: February 2005

AbstractBackground: Neural cell adhesion molecule (N‐CAM) is important in the migration of neural crest cells and is expressed in the developing heart. The pattern of expression of N‐CAM in the heart of early rat embryos was investigated to shed light on the potential role of N‐CAM in cardiac neural crest cell migration.Methods: N‐CAM expression was studied by immunohistochemistry in Sprague‐Dawley rat hearts between embryonic days 11.5 and 15.5 HNK‐1 immunoreactivity was also investigated for comparison with that of N‐CAM.Results: A continuity of N‐CAM immunoreactivity was transiently detected from the outflow tract to the recurrent nerve. N‐CAM was also expressed around the sinus venosus, inferior vena cava, sinotrial septum, and coronary sinus, as well as on mesenchymal cells in the atrioventricular endocardial cushion tissues.Conclusions: The continuous N‐CAM immunoreactivity from the outflow tract to the recurrent nerve appeared to represent the pathway along which cardiac neural crest cells migrate. N‐CAM‐immunoreactive sites around the sinus venosus may correspond to migrating neural crest cells that differentiate into nerve fibers or cardiac ganglia. Results indicate that N‐CAM may play an important role in the migration, proliferation, and transformation of neural crest cells, thereby contributing to cardiac morphogenesis and to innervation around the heart and great arteries. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ultrastructural changes of secretory cells of salamander lingual salivary glands under varying conditions
Authors: Kurabuchi Shingo , Nakada Hiroyuki , Aiyama Shigeo 
Published: February 2005

AbstractBackground: In general the ultrastructure of secretory cells can be modified under secretory stimulated and non‐stimulated conditions. The ultrastructure of the lingual salivary glands of hibernating salamanders in the natural environment was examined and compared to those of fasted and fed animals kept in the laboratory.Methods: Hibernating salamanders of the species Hynobius tokyoensis were collected from the natural environment during the winter breeding season and sacrificed for this study. One group was sacrificed immediately, another group was kept under fasted condition, and another group was regularly fed; both of the latter groups were kept at room temperature for 1 month and then sacrificed. The tongue was fixed for electron microscopy and processed by conventional methods, and semithin sections were histochemically examined for glycoconjugates.Results: The lingual salivary glands of this salamander species were composed of simple or often branched tubular glands opening onto the dorsal surface of the tongue. The secretory cells which composed their terminal portions were all columnar in morphology and histochemically mucous in nature. Under hibernation or prolonged fasting at room temperature, the mucous granules of these columnar secretory cells were decreased in number and the Golgi apparatus appeared inactive. A conspicuous structural peculiarity was multiple fingerprint‐like structures of the rough‐surfaced endoplasmic reticulum (RER). Most of these membranes were composed of stacks of tightly packed cisternae. Under regular feeding, the mucous granules were closely packed in the cytoplasm of the secretory cells and the basal necleus was slightly enlarged. The Golgi apparatus showed progressive activation with distended saccules. The unique membranous arrangement of the RER which was observed in the fasting animals was completely absent, and the cisternae were irregular in width with considerable variation of the intercisternal spaces.Conclusions: The tongue of the salamander H. tokyoensis has numerous tubular salivary glands which are mucous in nature. The architecture of the organelles in the secretory cells is subject to modification in response to the cellular metabolism. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Morphomechanics of the humero‐ulnar joint: II. Concave incongruity determines the distribution of load and subchondral mineralization
Authors: Eckstein Felix , Merz Beat , Müller‐Gerbl Magdalena , Holzknecht Nikolaus , Pleier Markus , Putz Reinhard 
Published: February 2005

AbstractBackground: A deeper joint socket (concave incongruity) is found at most angles of flexion of the humero‐ulnar joint and maintained over a wide range of physiological loading. It is, however, unclear how far this incongruity affects the distribution of load and subchondral mineralization of this joint as compared with a congruous configuration.Methods: Two nonlinear, axisymmetrical finite element models with two cartilage layers were constructed, one congruous and one incongruous, with a joint space of realistic magnitude. The distribution of subchondral mineralization was determined by computed tomography osteoabsorptiometry in the same six specimens that were investigated in the first part of the study, and compared with the biomechanical data obtained there and the predictions of the models.Results: In the congruous case, the center of the socket is highly loaded, whereas the periphery does not experience mechanical stimulation. A central bone density maximum is predicted. With concave incongruity the position of the contact areas shifts from the joint margin towards the center as the load increases, and the peak stresses are considerably lower. A bicentric ventro‐dorsal distribution pattern of subchondral mineralization is predicted, and this is actually found in the six specimens.Conclusions: Concave incongruity is shown to determine load transmission and subchondral mineralization of the humero‐ulnar joint. It is suggested that this shape leads to a more even distribution of stress, provides intermittent stimulation of the cartilaginous tissue, and has beneficial effects on the metabolism, nutrition, and lubrication of the articular cartilage during cyclic loading. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rainfall modeling for integrating radar information into hydrological model
Authors: Morin Efrat , Goodrich David C. , Maddox Robert A. , Gao Xiaogang , Gupta Hoshin V. , Sorooshian Soroosh 
Published: February 2005

AbstractA spatial rainfall model was applied to radar data of air mass thunderstorms to yield a rainstorm representation as a set of convective rain cells. The modeled rainfall was used as input into hydrological model, instead of the standard radar‐grid data. This approach allows a comprehensive linkage between runoff responses and rainfall structures. Copyright © 2005 Royal Meteorological Society
Improving hexane removal by enhancing fungal development in a microbial consortium biofilter
Authors: Arriaga Sonia , Revah Sergio 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe removal of hydrophobic pollutants in biofilters is often limited by gas liquid mass transfer to the biotic aqueous phase where biodegradation occurs. It has been proposed that the use of fungi may improve their removal efficiency. To confirm this, the uptake of hexane vapors was investigated in 2.6‐L perlite‐packed biofilters, inoculated with a mixed culture containing bacteria and fungi, which were operated under neutral or acid conditions. For a hexane inlet load of around 140 g.m−3.h−1, elimination capacities (EC) of 60 and 100 g.m−3.h−1 were respectively reached with the neutral and acid systems. Increasing the inlet hexane load showed that the maximum EC obtained in the acid biofilter (150 g.m−3.h−1) was twice greater than in the neutral filter. The addition of bacterial inhibitors had no significant effect on EC in the acid system. The biomass in the acid biofilter was 187 mg.g−1dry perlite without an important pressure drop (26.5 mm of water.m−1reactor). The greater efficiency obtained with the acid biofilter can be related to the hydrophobic aerial hyphae which are in direct contact with the gas and can absorb the hydrophobic compounds faster than the flat bacterial biofilms. Two fungi were isolated from the acid biofilter and were identified as Cladosporium and Fusarium spp. Hexane EC of 40 g.m−3.h−1 for Cladosporium sp. and 50 g.m−3.h−1 for Fusarium sp. were obtained in short time experiments in small biofilters (0.230 L). A biomass content around 30 mg.g−1dry perlite showed the potential for hexane biofiltration of the strains. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Amino acid content of recombinant proteins influences the metabolic burden response
Authors: Bonomo Jeanne , Gill Ryan T. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractRecombinant protein production in Escherichia coli often results in a dramatic cellular stress response best characterized by a decrease in overall cell fitness. We determined that the primary sequence (the amino acid sequence) of the recombinant protein alone plays an important role in mitigating this response. To do so, we created two polypeptides, modeled after the 39‐40 amino acid Defensin class of proteins, which contained exclusively the five least (PepAA; His, Trp, Tyr, Phe, Met), or most (PepCO: Ala, Glu, Gln, Asp, Asn) abundant amino acids in E. coli. We determined that overexpression of PepAA resulted in a drastic decrease in growth rate compared to overexpression of PepCO, our model Defensin protein MGD‐1, or the 26 amino acid polypeptide contained within the pET‐3d vector backbone. We further determined, using Affymetrix E. coli gene chips, that differences among the whole‐genome transcriptional responses of these model systems were best characterized by altered expression of genes whose products are involved in translation, transport, or metabolic functions as opposed to stress response genes. Based on these results, we confirmed that translation efficiency was significantly reduced in cells overexpressing PepAA compared with the other model polypeptides evaluated. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Adding tuples to Java: a study in lightweight data structures
Authors: van Reeuwijk C. , Sips H. J. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractJava classes are very flexible, but this comes at a price. The main cost is that every class instance must be dynamically allocated. Also, their access by reference introduces pointer de‐references and complicates program analysis. These costs are particularly burdensome for small, ubiquitous data structures such as coordinates and state vectors. For such data structures a lightweight representation is desirable, allowing such data to be handled directly, similar to primitive types. A number of proposals introduce restricted or mutated variants of standard Java classes that could serve as lightweight representation, but the impact of these proposals has never been studied. Since we have implemented a Java compiler with lightweight data structures we are in a good position to do this evaluation. Our lightweight data structures are tuples. As we will show, using tuples can result in significant performance gains: for a number of existing benchmark programs we gain more than 50% in performance relative to our own compiler, and more than 20% relative to Sun's Hotspot 1.4 compiler. We expect similar performance gains for other implementations of lightweight data structures. With respect to the expressiveness of Java, lightweight variants of standard Java classes have little impact. In contrast, tuples add a different language construct that, as we will show, can lead to substantially more concise program code. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
UMM: an operational memory model specification framework with integrated model checking capability
Authors: Yang Yue , Gopalakrishnan Ganesh , Lindstrom Gary 
Published: February 2005

AbstractGiven the complicated nature of modern shared memory systems, it is vital to have a systematic approach to specifying and analyzing memory consistency requirements. In this paper, we present the UMM specification framework, which integrates two key features to support memory model verification: (i) it employs a simple and generic memory abstraction that can capture a large collection of memory models as guarded commands with a uniform notation, and (ii) it provides built‐in model checking capability to enable formal reasoning about thread behaviors. Using this framework, memory models can be specified in a parameterized style—designers can simply redefine a few bypassing rules and visibility ordering rules to obtain an executable specification of another memory model. We formalize several classical memory models, including Sequential Consistency, Coherence, and PRAM, to illustrate the general techniques of applying this framework. We then provide an alternative specification of the Java memory model, based on a proposal from Manson and Pugh, and demonstrate how to analyze Java thread semantics using model checking. We also compare our operational specification style with axiomatic specification styles and explore a mechanism that converts a memory model definition from one style to the other. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Jeeg: temporal constraints for the synchronization of concurrent objects
Authors: Milicia Giuseppe , Sassone Vladimiro 
Published: February 2005

AbstractWe introduce Jeeg, a dialect of Java based on a declarative replacement of the synchronization mechanisms of Java that results in a complete decoupling of the ‘business’ and the ‘synchronization’ code of classes. Synchronization constraints in Jeeg are expressed in a linear temporal logic, which allows one to effectively limit the occurrence of the inheritance anomaly that commonly affects concurrent object‐oriented languages. Jeeg is inspired by the current trend in aspect‐oriented languages. In a Jeeg program the sequential and concurrent aspects of object behaviors are decoupled: specified separately by the programmer, these are then weaved together by the Jeeg compiler. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.