bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Sympathetic Activity Using Hand Grip Test in Obese Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients
Authors: N.S.V.M. Prabhakara Rao, Mohammed Farhan Ahmed  
Published: January 2024

Aim
The aim of the study is to assess sympathetic activity in Obese type 2 Diabetes mellitus patients
Objectives
To investigate any changes in sympathetic activity in obese type 2 diabetes mellitus patients using hand grip test
Methods
50 subjects of both the genders with type 2 Diabetes mellitus of 10–15 years duration and BMI > 25kg/m2 were selected as study group. In sitting posture the subject was asked to apply pressure on hand grip dynamometer at 30% of maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) for 1 minute. BP was recorded simultaneously from non-exercising arm. The procedure was repeated thrice with 5 minutes interval in between. The average increase in DBP was noted as the test response and comparison was made with readings of hand grip test from nonobese nondiabetic subjects which were selected as control group.
Results
Statistical analysis was done using unpaired t test. Increase in diastolic blood pressure with handgrip test in study group was significantly reduced compared to control group.
Conclusion
Sympathetic neuropathy is seen in obese diabetic patients. Obesity could be involved in the impairment of CAN function in type 2 diabetics and body weight control could provide an approach to reducing neuropathic complications.
Comparative Study on Cardiovascular Autonomic Function Tests in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with and without Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Juhi Agrawal, Subodh Pandey, Sachin Chittawar, Vivek Som  
Published: January 2024

Introduction
Autonomic dysfunction is common in diabetics and presence of cardiac autonomic neuropathy is responsible for sudden death in diabetics. Detecting subclinical Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy (CAN) early is crucially important for treatment and for preventing potentially serious consequences of CAN.
Aims and Objectives
The aim of the study is to clinically assess cardiovascular autonomic function tests in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and compare those with healthy normal subjects.
Method
The study included 60 type 2 diabetic patients including 30 patients without any retinopathy and 30 others with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy(NPDR), and 60 control subjects matched for age and gender. Autonomic function tests as given by Ewing were performed on all subjects to assess the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous activity. These tests include heart rate response to deep breathing, valsalsa ratio, 30: 15 ratio, and blood pressure response to standing and sustained hand grip. Statistical analysis of the data was done using One way ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) and multiple comparisons were done using post hoc Tukey Multiple Comparison Test. Statistical significance was set at 0.05.
Results
The results of our study show that there is decrease in cardiovascular autonomic functions more in diabetic patients with NPDR as compared to diabetic patients without retinopathy.
Conclusion
We conclude that there is involvement of both cardiovasvascular sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. So, type 2 DM patients should be evaluated for presence of autonomic dysfunction as early as possible to prevent complications and to improve the prognosis of the disease.
Aortic Stiffness is Associated with Cardiac Function and Cerebral Blood Flow Pulsatility in Type2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Shalini Sharma, Vikram Kala, Vivek Sharma, Prerna Panjeta  
Published: January 2024

Introduction
Central hemodynamics has an important role in maintaining appropriate cerebral and other end-organ perfusion and is altered in type2DM. Arterial stiffening is an early phenomenon in patients with type2DM, affecting cardiac function by increasing the cardiac afterload and reducing diastolic coronary artery perfusion, also involving small vessel disease in the brain and subsequent hypoperfusion.
Aims and Objectives
The aim of present study was to determine whether aortic stiffness affects cardiac function and whether central elastic artery stiffness was associated with cerebral blood flow pulsatility and subsequent, cerebral perfusion in type 2 DM patients.
Materials and Method
Fifty six patients with type2DM and 60 age-matched healthy volunteers were enrolled. Aortic PWV was measured using non-invasive cardiovascular risk analysis system (Periscope). Cerebral blood flow was measured by using Trans-Cranial Doppler.
Results
CFPWV of diabetic group showed significantly higher mean values (Group 1=931.00±215.98cm/s Group 2=1241±152.03cm/s) than control subjects (758±151.82). CFPWV was significantly (p value <0.01) increased between two diabetic groups. HbA1c was most significantly correlated to CFPWV (r=1.00, p<0.001) followed by weak correlation between central aortic stiffness quantified by PWV and PI (r=0.5, p>0.01).
Conclusion
In patients with type2DM, aortic stiffness is significantly associated with pulse pressure, aortic pulse pressure, aortic augmentation pressure as well as with cerebral blood flow pulsatility and subsequent cerebral perfusion, contributing to decreased cardiac function and cerebral hypoperfusion. Aortic PWV and TCD measurement might be useful prognostic marker of cardiac and cerebrovascular disease in type2DM.
Relationship of Emotional Intelligence with Pre-Hypertension and its Impact on Autonomic Nervous System as Assessed by Heart Rate Variability in Adult Males
Authors: Sumit Garg, J.L. Agarwal  
Published: January 2024

Objectives

To compare emotional intelligence score in normotensives and pre-hypertensives.

To compare emotional intelligence score with heart rate variability (HRV)

To compare HRV in normotensives and pre-hypertensives.

Methodology
30 pre-hypertensive males and 30 age matched controls of 25-50years of age were enrolled. BP was measured using mercury sphygmomanometer. Pre-hypertension was defined as systolic BP from 121 to 139mm Hg or diastolic BP from 80 to 89mm Hg. Emotional intelligence was measured by Schutte Self-Reported Emotional Intelligence Test and subjects were categorized into two groups: Group A: Low EI (Score <111), Group B: High EI (Score >111) HRV was measured in the supine position for 5 minutes. Frequency domain parameters viz HFnu and LF/HF ratio were used for analysis of autonomic dominance.
Results
Mean EI score was significantly less in pre-hypertensives as compared to controls. Low EI subjects had a significantly lower mean HFnu and a significantly higher mean LF/HF ratio showing lower parasympathetic and higher sympathetic activity in them. Pre-hypertensives had lower mean HFnu and higher LF/HF ratio showing lower parasympathetic and higher sympathetic activity in them.
Conclusions
Low EI subjects are more prone to develop pre-hypertension, had lower parasympathetic & higher sympathetic activity increasing the risk to develop hypertension in future.
Clinical Significance
Beside life style modification, improving EI is an important measure to manage pre hypertension and prevent hypertension.
A Comparative Study of Cognitive Functions among Male and Female Medical Students in a Teaching Hospital of South Kerala
Authors: Prashanth P., Arun Kumar H.P., S. Lincoln Deva Kumar  
Published: January 2024

Background
Reaction time (RT) is a measure of the response to a stimulus. RT plays a very important role in our lives as its practical implications may be of great consequences. Factors that can affect the average human RT include age, sex, left or right hand, central versus peripheral vision, practice, fatigue, fasting, breathing cycle, personality types, exercise, and intelligence of the subject.
The Critical Flicker Fusion frequency (CFFF) test provides an index of central nervous system activity or cortical arousal which measures mental arousal and alertness. It is used as an indicator of physical human fatigue, mental work load and cognitive function as well.
Aim
The aim was to compare visual reaction time (VRT), auditory reaction time(ART) and critical flicker fusion frequency on the basis of gender.
Materials and Method
The present comparative study was conducted on 100 healthy medical students in age group of 18–24 years. PC 1000Hz reaction timer was used to measure auditory and visual reaction time. The task was to press the key as soon as the stimulus is presented. Three readings of each stimulus were taken, and their average of three RT's for each stimuli were recorded. Statistical analysis was done using independent sample t test. CFFF was measured by indigenous apparatus. Both ascending and descending frequencies are recorded and average of two is taken as CFFF.
Results
In both the sexes’ RT to the auditory stimulus was significantly less (P < 0.001) as compared to the visual stimulus. Significant difference was found between RT of male and female medical students (P < 0.001) and males have quicker reaction time than females. Males have higher CFFF than females, but statistically not significant.
Relationship Between Vitamin D and HbA1c Levels in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus of Bengaluru City
Authors: Suguna S, Kusumadevi M.S.  
Published: January 2024

Background
Studies show that vitamin D affects insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion, and vitamin D deficiency may also contribute to impaired glucose tolerance. 1, 2
Objectives
The purpose of this study was to examine the association between serum 25 (OH)D and glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus of Bengaluru city.
Materials and Method
A total of 50 type 2 diabetics were included in the study with a mean age of 55.78 (SD: 13.77) years of both gender previously diagnosed regardless of their sociodemographic characteristics and were invited for the assessment of vitamin D and HbA1c levels in Infilife healthcare private limited of Bengaluru city.
Results
Mean (SD) Hba1c and vitamin D levels were 7.17% (2.451) & 19.43 (16.094) ng/ml respectively. There was no statistically significant correlation between Hba1c and vitamin D levels with a correlation coefficient (r) of-0.109[p = 0.05].
Conclusion
In the present study, there was no correlation between vitamin D levels and glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus of Bengaluru city. Since there are conflicting results in the literature, further investigations may be more beneficial to highlight the relationship between glycaemic control and vitamin D.
Neck Circumference as a Novel Measure of Central Obesity in Young Adults: Correlation with other Anthropometric Indices
Authors: Nida Nowreen, Manmeet Kour  
Published: January 2024

Background
Obesity is an important yet the most neglected public health problem that has assumed epidemic proportions even in developing countries. Many simple anthropometric indices, including the body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) are being widely used as markers to reflect obesity. In recent years, there has been growing interest in the utility of neck circumference (NC) in identifying people with obesity. This new index of upper body adiposity is quite easy to determine, does not require much body exposure, and is believed to correlate with other obesity indices.
Objectives
This study was undertaken with the purpose to find out the relationship of neck circumference (NC) with other anthropometrical indices.
Materials and Method
This cross sectional study was carried out over a period of six months among 192 medical students. The participants were examined for various anthropometric parameters such as height, weight, and NC. BMI was calculated. The correlation between NC and other indices (BMI, weight WC) was assessed by calculating the Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) and P > 0.05 was taken as statistically significant.
Results
Neck circumference (NC) positively correlated with BMI, weight and WC. The correlation was statistically significant (P < 0.001).
Conclusion
Our study revealed a positive and significant correlation between neck circumference (NC)and other anthropometric indices like BMI, weight and waist circumference (WC) in young medical students, indicating an increase in BMI, weight and waist circumference (WC) with an increase in neck circumference (NC) or vice versa
The Influence of Premenstrual Stress on Auditiory and Visual Reaction Time in I Year MBBS Students
Authors: Rekha KN, Gopi Kumar MS, Jamuna BL, Ranganath MD  
Published: January 2024

Background & Objectives
Present study was aimed to assess abnormalities of ulnar nerve in stable COPD patients.
Method
Study comprised of 60 healthy adults and 60 stable COPD patients (40–50 years) with no clinical neuropathy. Duration of illness and spirometric indices (FEV1%, FEV1/FVC, PEFR %) were assessed. Nerve conduction study of motor and sensory component of ulnar nerve was recorded bilaterally using RMS EMG MKII. Distal latency, nerve conduction velocity and compound motor action potential (CMAP) and sensory nerve action potential (SNAP) were analysed. Significant abnormality was defined as variations beyond mean ± 2SD from healthy adults.
Results
Observations revealed significantly prolonged distal latency and decreased conduction velocity (demyelination), decreased CMAP (axonal loss) bilaterally of both sensory and motor components of ulnar nerve in COPD patients compared with controls.
Interpretation & conclusion
Observation suggests that hypoxemia of COPD, by inducing direct action on nerve fibres or pontomedullary portion of brain or by enhancing effect of other neurotoxic substances causes nerve impairment
“Medya, Şiddeti Kaydetmeli ama Meşrulaştırmamalı”
Authors: GÖRMEZ Ahmet 
Published: January 2024

Medya içeriklerinde şiddetin ölçüsünü kim, nasıl, hangi kritere göre beliriyor? Kamu yayıncılığı ve özel yayıncılık anlayışında şiddete bakış açısındaki farkların kaynakları nelerdir? Medya şiddeti normalleştiriyor mu? Kriz dönemlerinde şiddetin ekrana aktarımı nasıl olmalı? Batı medyasının coğrafyaya göre şekillenen yayıncılık anlayışı, yayıncılık noktasında ne kadar etik? Şiddet içermeyen medya mümkün mü? Bunları ve daha fazlasını Medyada Şiddetin Temsili temalı özel sayımız için TRT Haber Haber Koordinatörü Ahmet Görmez ile konuştu
On solving boundary value problems for an elastic half-strip with mixed boundary conditions at the end
Authors: Кержаев А.П. , Меньшова И.В. , Никитин А.В. 
Published: January 2024

В статье рассмотрена краевая задача теории упругости для полуполосы со смешанными граничными условиями на ее торце. Граничные условия на длинных сторонах соответствуют периодическому продолжению решения в полуплоскость, т.е. решение представляется в виде тригонометрических рядов Фурье. Построено точное решение задачи, основанное на использовании сопряженных тригонометрических рядов.
The paper deals with a boundary value problem of the theory of elasticity for a half-strip with mixed boundary conditions at its end. The boundary conditions on the long sides correspond to the periodic continuation of the solution into a half-plane, i.e. the solution is represented in the form of trigonometric Fourier series. An exact solution to the problem based on the use of conjugate trigonometric series is constructed.
On taking into account the dependence of the yield strength on temperature when solving the problem of thermal deformation of a pipe
Authors: Ковалев А.В. , Малыгина Ю.В. 
Published: January 2024

В статье представлено решение задача о термодеформировании упругопластической трубы, находящейся под действием равномерного внутреннего и внешнего давлений. Предел текучести материала при этом предполагался зависящим от температуры. Согласно методу возмущений, представлено решение в нулевом и первом приближениях. Получено выражение для радиуса упругопластической границы. Рассматривался случай общей плоской задачи.
The paper considers the problem of uniform compression of an elastoplastic pipe under the influence of temperature effects. The yield strength depends on temperature. According to the perturbation method, the solution is presented in the zero and first approximations. The radius of the elastoplastic boundary is determined. The case of a general plane problem was considered.
On the polyvariance of the base equations of coupled micropolar thermoelasticity
Authors: Мурашкин Е.В. , Радаев Ю.Н. 
Published: January 2024

Статья посвящена исследованию поливариантности динамических уравнений теории полуизотропной микрополярной термоупругости. Рассмотрены и проанализированы различные варианты присвоения целых весов полевым переменным с последующим детерминированием алгебраических весов псевдовекторных уравнений динамики полуизотропного термоупругого тела. Этих целей удается достичь, используя псевдоинвариантые элементы объема и площади нечетных целых весов. Кроме того, показано, что нечетный вес может быть приписан псевдовектору спинорных перемещений. В результате чего, тепловой поток, тензор силовых напряжений, массовая плотность, теплоемкость, модуль сдвига также оказываются псевдотензорными величинами нечетного веса, т.е. чувствительны к зеркальным отражениям и инверсиям трехмерного пространства. Обсуждается постулат абсолютной инвариантности абсолютной термодинамической температуры. Получены различные варианты связанной системы дифференциальных уравнений динамики и уравнения теплопроводности для полуизотропного микрополярного термоупругого тела. Обсуждаются вопросы взаимовлияния алгебраических весов определяющих псевдоскаляров с целью учета их реакции на преобразования трехмерного пространства, меняющих его ориентацию на противоположную.
The paper is devoted to the study of dynamic equations polyvariance of the theory of semiisotropic micropolar thermoelasticity. Several variants for assigning integer weights to field variables with subsequent determination of algebraic weights of pseudo-vector equations for the dynamics of a semiisotropic thermoelastic solid are considered and analyzed. For this aim elementary volumes and areas assumed as pseudoinvariants of odd integer weights. In addition, it is shown that odd weights can be assigned to the pseudovector of spinor displacements. As a result, heat flux, force stress tensor, mass density, heat capacity, and shear modulus also can be treated as pseudotensor quantities of odd weights, i.e. manifest itself sensitivity to mirror reflections and inversions of three-dimensional spaces. The fundamental principle of absolute invariance of absolute thermodynamic temperature is discussed. Some variants of the coupled system of differential equations of dynamics and heat conduction equations for a semiisotropic micropolar thermoelastic solid are obtained. The problems of mutual influence of algebraic weights of constitutive pseudoscalars are discussed in order to taking account of their response to transformations of three-dimensional space that change its orientation to the opposite.
Using AI for Wave-front Estimation with the Rubin Observatory Active Optics System
Authors: Crenshaw John Franklin , Connolly Andrew J. , Meyers Joshua E. , Kalmbach J. Bryce , Megias Homar Guillem , Ribeiro Tiago , Suberlak Krzysztof , Thomas Sandrine , Tsai Te-Wei 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The Vera C. Rubin Observatory will, over a period of 10 yr, repeatedly survey the southern sky. To ensure that images generated by Rubin meet the quality requirements for precision science, the observatory will use an active-optics system (AOS) to correct for alignment and mirror surface perturbations introduced by gravity and temperature gradients in the optical system. To accomplish this, Rubin will use out-of-focus images from sensors located at the edge of the focal plane to learn and correct for perturbations to the wave front. We have designed and integrated a deep-learning (DL) model for wave-front estimation into the AOS pipeline. In this paper, we compare the performance of this DL approach to Rubin’s baseline algorithm when applied to images from two different simulations of the Rubin optical system. We show the DL approach is faster and more accurate, achieving the atmospheric error floor both for high-quality images and low-quality images with heavy blending and vignetting. Compared to the baseline algorithm, the DL model is 40× faster, the median error 2× better under ideal conditions, 5× better in the presence of vignetting by the Rubin camera, and 14× better in the presence of blending in crowded fields. In addition, the DL model surpasses the required optical quality in simulations of the AOS closed loop. This system promises to increase the survey area useful for precision science by up to 8%. We discuss how this system might be deployed when commissioning and operating Rubin.
Constraints on the Faint End of the Galaxy Stellar Mass Function at z ≃ 4–8 from Deep JWST Data
Authors: Navarro-Carrera Rafael , Rinaldi Pierluigi , Caputi Karina I. , Iani Edoardo , Kokorev Vasily , van Mierlo Sophie E. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We analyze a sample of 3300 galaxies between redshifts z ≃ 3.5 and z ≃ 8.5 selected from James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) images in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field and UKIDSS Ultra Deep Survey field, including objects with stellar masses as low as ≃108
M
⊙ up to z ≃ 8. The depth and wavelength coverage of the JWST data allows us, for the first time, to derive robust stellar masses for such high-z, low stellar mass galaxies on an individual basis. We compute the galaxy stellar mass function, after complementing our sample with ancillary data from CANDELS to constrain the GMSF at high stellar masses (

M
>

M

*

). Our results show a steepening of the low stellar mass end slope (α) with redshift, with α = −1.61 ± 0.05 at z ≃ 4 and α = −1.98 ± 0.14 at z ≃ 7. We also observe an evolution of the normalization ϕ
* from z ≃ 7 to z ≃ 4, with

ϕ

z
≃
4

*

/

ϕ

z
≃
7

*

=

130

−
50

+
210

. Our study incorporates a novel method for the estimation of the Eddington bias, which takes into account its possible dependence both on stellar mass and redshift, while allowing for skewness in the error distribution. We finally compute the resulting cosmic stellar mass density and find a flatter evolution with redshift than previous studies.
X-Ray Constraints on the Hot Gaseous Corona of Edge-on Late-type Galaxies in Virgo
Authors: Hou Meicun , He Lin , Hu Zhensong , Li Zhiyuan , Jones Christine , Forman William , Su Yuanyuan , Wang Jing , Ho Luis C. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We present a systematic study of the putative hot gas corona around late-type galaxies (LTGs) residing in the Virgo cluster, based on archival Chandra observations. Our sample consists of 21 nearly edge-on galaxies representing a range of star formation rate (SFR) of 0.2–3 M
⊙ yr−1 and a range of stellar mass (M
*) of (0.2–10) × 1010
M
⊙, the majority of which have not been explored with high-sensitivity X-ray observations so far. Significant extraplanar diffuse X-ray (0.5–2 keV) emission is detected in only three LTGs, which are also the three galaxies with the highest SFR. A stacking analysis is performed for the remaining galaxies without individual detection, dividing the whole sample into two subsets based on SFR, stellar mass, or specific SFR. Only the high-SFR bin yields a significant detection, which has a value of L
X ∼ 3 × 1038 erg s−1 per galaxy. The stacked extraplanar X-ray signals of the Virgo LTGs are consistent with the empirical L
X–SFR and L
X–M
* relations found among highly inclined disk galaxies in the field, but appear to be systematically lower than those of a comparison sample of simulated star-forming galaxies in clusters identified from the Illustris-TNG100 simulation. The apparent paucity of hot gas coronae in the sampled Virgo LTGs might be understood as the net outcome of the long-lasting effect of ram pressure stripping exerted by the hot intracluster medium and in-disk star-forming activity acting on shorter timescales. A better understanding of the roles of environmental effects in regulating the hot gas content of cluster galaxies invites sensitive X-ray observations for a large sample of galaxies.