bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiocarbon dating, eruptive dynamics, and hazard implications of four Holocene Plinian-type eruptions recorded in Manizales city, Colombia
Authors: Picón Karla , Herrera Katherin , Avellán Denis-Ramón , Murcia Hugo , Botero-Gómez Luis Alvaro , Gómez-Arango Johana 
Published: February 2024

AbstractUrban centers settled under the influence of volcanic activity are common in the Colombian Andes, particularly those such as Manizales city (ca. 400,000 inhabitants) and other smaller towns on the western flank of the Central Cordillera. Several pumice-rich tephra layers widely dispersed beneath the city suggest multiple Plinian-type eruptions have occurred nearby. From this geological record, the four youngest, thickest, and most persistent layers in the region are the most representative of this activity. This work uses mapping, physical descriptions, radiocarbon dating, and calculation of physical parameters to: (1) define and characterize the tephra sequence, (2) determine the age of the eruptions, (3) define the source and eruptive dynamics associated with each of the events, and (4) give insights into the volcanic hazard for Manizales city. The deposits were named in this study as Lower Manizales (Lm), Middle-lower Manizales (Mlm), Middle-upper Manizales (Mum) and Upper Manizales (Um) tephra layers, together forming the “Manizales tephra sequence”. Mapping of the deposits revealed the lower layer originated from the little known Plazuela volcano (~ 15 km east of Manizales), while the others originated in the Cerro Bravo volcano (~ 25 km east of Manizales). The radiometric analysis indicates that the lowest tephra layer originated at 7879.5 ± 55.5 cal. years BP, while the three overlying layers were deposited at 7730 ± 55 cal. years BP, 5294 ± 19 cal. years BP, and 2759 ± 20 cal. years BP. All of these deposits were formed by Plinian-type eruptions, with column heights varying between 18 and 29 km. The minimum tephra volume emitted by each eruption was between 0.21 and 0.38 km3, and the emission rate 21.6 × 107 kg/s for the Lm layer, 3.38 × 107 kg/s for the Mlm layer, 6.27 × 107 kg/s for the Mum layer, and 5.16 × 107 kg/s for the Um layers. The results suggest that the region is strongly threatened by pyroclastic falls associated with several active volcanoes located in the Central Cordillera.
Independence Results for Finite Set Theories in Well-Founded Locally Finite Graphs
Authors: Balogun Funmilola , Löwe Benedikt 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe consider all combinatorially possible systems corresponding to subsets of finite set theory (i.e., Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory without the axiom of infinity) and for each of them either provide a well-founded locally finite graph that is a model of that theory or show that this is impossible. To that end, we develop the technique of axiom closure of graphs.
Coordinated ifs and theories of conditionals
Authors: Klinedinst Nathan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis paper concerns the semantics of coordinated if-clauses, as in (1)-(2). It is argued that the meanings of such sentences are explained straightforwardly on theories of conditionals that tie their non- monotonic behaviour to the if-clause itself (e.g. Schlenker 2004, but not theories that tie it to a (covert) modal operator (e.g. Kratzer 1981; 1991). Coordinated if-clauses are revealing of the fine-grained compositional semantics of conditionals.
A New Dataset and a Distractor-Aware Architecture for Transparent Object Tracking
Authors: Lukežič Alan , Trojer Žiga , Matas Jiří , Kristan Matej 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPerformance of modern trackers degrades substantially on transparent objects compared to opaque objects. This is largely due to two distinct reasons. Transparent objects are unique in that their appearance is directly affected by the background. Furthermore, transparent object scenes often contain many visually similar objects (distractors), which often lead to tracking failure. However, development of modern tracking architectures requires large training sets, which do not exist in transparent object tracking. We present two contributions addressing the aforementioned issues. We propose the first transparent object trackingtraining datasetTrans2k that consists of over 2k sequences with 104,343 images overall, annotated by bounding boxes and segmentation masks. Standard trackers trained on this dataset consistently improve by up to 16%. Our second contribution is a new distractor-aware transparent object tracker (DiTra) that treats localization accuracy and target identification as separate tasks and implements them by a novel architecture. DiTra sets a new state-of-the-art in transparent object tracking and generalizes well to opaque objects.
Alles eine Frage des Bundeslandes? Eine mehrebenenanalytische Betrachtung der eingeschränkten Vergleichbarkeit von Schulnoten
Authors: Hübner Nicolas , Jansen Malte , Stanat Petra , Bohl Thorsten , Wagner Wolfgang 
Published: February 2024

ZusammenfassungSchulnoten werden seit jeher kontrovers diskutiert, insbesondere in Bezug auf ihre Bedeutung und Vergleichbarkeit. Dies wird in unterschiedlichen Publikationen deutlich, die zum Teil bis in das 19. Jahrhundert zurückreichen, deren kritische Anmerkungen aber bis heute nicht an Aktualität verloren haben. Auch in jüngster Zeit finden immer wieder bildungspolitische Debatten statt, die im Kern auf Widersprüche zwischen der unklaren Aussagekraft von Schulnoten und ihrer gleichzeitig großen Bedeutung für Selektions- und Allokationsprozesse verweisen. Einen besonderen Schwerpunkt in diesen jüngeren Diskursen bildet die Kritik an der mangelnden Vergleichbarkeit von Schulnoten aus unterschiedlichen Bundesländern, die letztlich, so die vielfach vorgetragene Argumentation, insbesondere durch eine Auflösung föderaler Strukturen und eine nationale Bildungsstrategie überwunden werden könne. Der vorliegende Beitrag nimmt diese Diskussion zum Anlass, die Vergleichbarkeit von Schulnoten genauer zu untersuchen. Hierzu erfolgt eine systematische Aufschlüsselung der Beiträge unterschiedlicher Ebenen (innerhalb von Schulen, zwischen Schulen, zwischen Bundesländern) zur mangelnden Vergleichbarkeit von Schulnoten. Grundlage der Untersuchung bilden repräsentative Daten von N = 55.002 Schülerinnen und Schülern aus den IQB-Bildungstrends 2015 und 2018 (Jahrgangsstufe 9). Die Ergebnisse legen nahe, dass Schülerinnen und Schüler mit gleichen Schulnoten substantiell unterschiedliche Kompetenzen aufweisen und dies auch umgekehrt gilt. Ferner zeigte sich, dass die Unterschiede zu einem erheblichen Maß durch Unterschiede zwischen Schulen innerhalb von Bundesländern erklärt werden konnten und deutlich weniger durch Bundeslandunterschiede. Die Ergebnisse verdeutlichen, dass die Debatte zur eingeschränkten Vergleichbarkeit von Schulnoten ihr Augenmerk nicht nur auf die Ebene der Bundesländer, sondern auch auf die Mechanismen der Notengebung und Ursachen von Schulnotenunterschieden zwischen Schulen innerhalb von Bundesländern richten sollte.
Whether Weather Matters with Migraine
Authors: Denney Delora Elizabeth , Lee Jane , Joshi Shivang 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Many patients with migraine report their attacks are triggered by various weather anomalies. Studies have shown mixed results regarding the association of migraine to weather changes. The purpose of the current review is to compile the most up-to-date research studies on how weather may affect migraine. In addition, we explore the association between weather and other inflammatory disease states as well as neurotransmitters.

Recent Findings
Migraine attacks can be related to weather variables such as barometric pressure, humidity, and wind. However, the results of recent studies are inconsistent; weathers’ effect on migraine attacks is around 20%. However, very strong weather factors have a more significant effect on migraine attack variables.

Summary
Many individuals identify weather as a migraine attack trigger, yet we see no causative relationship between weather and migraine patterns. The outcomes of studies indicate mixed results and reflect individual variation in how weather can impact migraine patterns. Similar relationships can be seen with other rheumatologic and pain conditions in general. Overall, the combination of weather plus other factors appears to be a more significant migraine trigger.
Von der individuellen Nachfragemacht zur kollektiven Teilhabemacht
Authors: Mielich Sinah , Kunstreich Timm 
Published: February 2024

ZusammenfassungDie Autor_innen argumentieren, dass die aktuelle Jugendhilfe defizitorientiert ist und sich auf individuelle Hilfen konzentriert, anstelle eine „gemeinsame Aufgabenbewältigung“ zu fördern. Sie schlagen vor, den Fokus von kompensatorischer Hilfe auf die Schaffung einer demokratischen Sozialgenossenschaft zu verlagern. Genossenschaften basieren auf folgenden vier Prinzipien: Förderung, Identität, Demokratie und Solidarität. Als Beispiel wird die Stadtteilgenossenschaft Horn vorgestellt, die darauf abzielt, die soziale Infrastruktur zu verbessern und die Teilhabe der Bewohner_innen zu fördern. Die Autor_innen betonen die Bedeutung des Codes ‚mit‘, bei dem alle Beteiligten zusammenarbeiten, um gemeinsame Probleme zu lösen und die kollektive Teilhabemacht zu stärken. Sie plädieren für eine neue Jugendhilfe, die die Bildung und Beteiligung von Kindern und Jugendlichen in den Mittelpunkt stellt und darauf orientiert, die Subjektrechte junger Menschen zu stärken.
Lebende Stromkabel mit überraschender Arbeitsteilung
Authors: Schramm Andreas 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCentimeter-long, multicellular bacteria that form electric wires as good as semiconductors? That split their energy-conserving redox reaction into two half reactions, performed in distant parts of their filamentous “body”, so some cells “eat” while other cells “breathe”? Sounds like science fiction, doesn’t it? And yet that’s what “cable bacteria” do. Here’s their story, from their surprise discovery 12 years ago to the selection of the candidate genus Electronema as Microbe of the Year 2024.
Mikrosporidien-Genome als Fenster zu deren Evolution
Authors: Angst Pascal , Ebert Dieter 
Published: February 2024

AbstractGenomics is a powerful toolkit for unravelling how evolutionary processes drive organisms’ small- and large-scale genetic variation. Several outstanding questions remain concerning the evolution of genome size and architecture, especially in intracellular parasites. Microsporidia became a model for this field of study as they exhibit genome size variation of more than an order of magnitude. Here, we discuss evolution in the large-genome microsporidium Hamiltosporidium tvaerminnensis, a parasite of a water flea.
Makroporöse Silikonschwämme zur Erforschung unbekannter Mikroben
Authors: Meisch Laura , Martín Marta Velaz , Rabe Kersten S. , Niemeyer Christof M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMicroorganisms are the most abundant living organisms on Earth and are essential for the functioning of ecosystems. However, more than 99 percent of them are uncharacterized and are referred to as microbial dark matter (MDM). Their discovery is limited partly due to the lack of suitable cultivation methods. A novel cultivation method using a macroporous silicon matrix addresses this problem. Its applicability has been demonstrated in the laboratory with model organisms and in three natural environments.
Der Zellkern als Vorbild für zukünftige DNA-Computerchips?
Authors: Hilbert Lennart 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTranscription factories are dynamic structures located in the cell nucleus, which bring multiple genes and genomic control elements into proximity. Our research group explores these factories as inspiration for the design of high-performance DNA-based computer hardware. Potential applications range from innovative cell-based cancer therapy to advanced metabolic monitoring systems.
RNA-bindende Proteine als Regulatoren des Stammzellstoffwechsels
Authors: Tamura Norito , Huppertz Ina 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDifferentiation of embryonic stem cells requires the coordinated regulation of their metabolism, which is characterised by a shift from glycolysis to mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. While the regulation of metabolic pathways has traditionally been attributed to proteins involved in differential transcription, there is increasing evidence that post-transcriptional control can play a crucial role in metabolism. Here we discuss the involvement of RNA-binding proteins in the metabolic rewiring during stem cell differentiation.
Cerebellar Volumetry in Ataxias: Relation to Ataxia Severity and Duration
Authors: Ferreira Mónica , Schaprian Tamara , Kügler David , Reuter Martin , Deike-Hoffmann Katharina , Timmann Dagmar , Ernst Thomas M. , Giunti Paola , Garcia-Moreno Hector , van de Warrenburg Bart , van Gaalen Judith , de Vries Jeroen , Jacobi Heike , Steiner Katharina Marie , Öz Gülin , Joers James M. , Onyike Chiadi , Povazan Michal , Reetz Kathrin , Romanzetti Sandro , Klockgether Thomas , Faber Jennifer 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCerebellar atrophy is the neuropathological hallmark of most ataxias. Hence, quantifying the volume of the cerebellar grey and white matter is of great interest. In this study, we aim to identify volume differences in the cerebellum between spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1), SCA3 and SCA6 as well as multiple system atrophy of cerebellar type (MSA-C). Our cross-sectional data set comprised mutation carriers of SCA1 (N=12), SCA3 (N=62), SCA6 (N=14), as well as MSA-C patients (N=16). Cerebellar volumes were obtained from T1-weighted magnetic resonance images. To compare the different atrophy patterns, we performed a z-transformation and plotted the intercept of each patient group’s model at the mean of 7 years of ataxia duration as well as at the mean ataxia severity of 14 points in the SARA sum score. In addition, we plotted the extrapolation at ataxia duration of 0 years as well as 0 points in the SARA sum score. Patients with MSA-C demonstrated the most pronounced volume loss, particularly in the cerebellar white matter, at the late time intercept. Patients with SCA6 showed a pronounced volume loss in cerebellar grey matter with increasing ataxia severity compared to all other patient groups. MSA-C, SCA1 and SCA3 showed a prominent atrophy of the cerebellar white matter. Our results (i) confirmed SCA6 being considered as a pure cerebellar grey matter disease, (ii) emphasise the involvement of cerebellar white matter in the neuropathology of SCA1, SCA3 and MSA-C, and (iii) reflect the rapid clinical progression in MSA-C.
Impact of infectious diseases consultation for hospitalized patients with Clostridioides difficile infection
Authors: Cranis Mara , Elamin Azza , Hatch-Vallier Brianna , Collins Curtis D. , Malani Anurag N. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractClostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. This study described outcomes associated with mandatory infectious diseases (ID) consultation in hospitalized patients with CDI. ID consultation was associated with increased appropriate concomitant antibiotic use, however longer courses of concomitant antibiotics were administered.
Causal Agnosticism About Race: Variable Selection Problems in Causal Inference
Authors: Tolbert Alexander Williams 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis paper proposes a novel view in the the philosophy of race & causation literature known as “causal agnosticism” about race. Causal agnosticism about race implies that it is reasonable to refrain from making judgments about whether race is a cause. The paper’s thesis asserts that certain conditions must be met to infer that something is a cause, according to the fundamental assumptions of causal inference. However, in the case of race, these conditions are often violated. By advocating for causal agnosticism, the paper suggests a more modest approach to understanding the role of race in causal relationships.
Adherence to Mediterranean diet is inversely associated with depressive symptoms in older women: findings from the NutBrain Study
Authors: Conti Silvia , Perdixi Elena , Bernini Sara , Jesuthasan Nithiya , Severgnini Marco , Prinelli Federica 
Published: February 2024

AbstractData on the association of the Mediterranean diet (MD) with depressive symptoms in older people at high risk of depression are scarce. This study aimed to investigate the cross-sectional association of the adherence to the MD and its components with depressive symptoms in an Italian cohort of older men and women. A total of 325 men and 473 women aged 65–97 years (2019–2023) answered a 102-item semi-quantitative FFQ, which was used to calculate the Mediterranean diet score (MDS). Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale; subjects with a score of 16 or more were considered to have depression. Multivariable logistic regression was used for statistical analysis. The occurrence of depressive symptoms was 19·8 % (8·0 % men, 27·9 % women). High adherence to MDS (highest tertile) significantly reduced the odds of having depressive symptoms by 54·6 % (OR 0·454, 95 % CI 0·266, 0·776). In sex-stratified analysis, the reduction was evident in women (OR 0·385, 95 % CI 0·206, 0·719) but not in men (OR 0·828, 95 % CI 0·254, 2·705). Looking at the association of MDS components with depressive symptoms, we found an inverse significant association with fish consumption and the MUFA:SFA ratio above the median only in women (OR 0·444, 95 % CI 0·283, 0·697 and OR 0·579, 95 % CI 0·345, 0·971, respectively). High adherence to the MDS, and a high fish intake and MUFA:SFA ratio were associated with lower depressive symptoms in women only. Future longitudinal studies are needed to confirm these findings and to explore the underlying biological mechanisms.
Functional properties of cream and butter oil from milk of Holstein cows abomasally infused with increasing amounts of high-oleic sunflower fatty acids
Authors: Ortiz Gonzalez Gerardo , Perkins Edward G. , Schmidt Shelly J. , Drackley James K. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis research paper addresses the hypothesis that there is an optimal amount of intestinally available oleic acid (provided via abomasal infusion) to produce higher-oleic acid milk fat with satisfactory functional characteristics of cream and butter oil. A control and four increasing doses of free fatty acids from high oleic sunflower oil (HOSFA) were infused into the abomasum of four lactating dairy cows in a crossover experimental design with 7-d periods. Treatments were: (1) control (no HOSFA infused), (2) HOSFA (250 g/d), (3) HOSFA (500 g/d), (4) HOSFA (750 g/d), and (5) HOSFA (1000 g/d). All treatments included meat solubles and Tween 80 as emulsifiers. Viscosity, overrun and whipping time as well as foam firmness and stability were evaluated in whipping creams (33% fat). Solid fat content (from 0 to 40°C), melting point and firmness were determined in butter oil. Whipping time of cream increased linearly and viscosity decreased linearly as infusion of HOSFA increased. Overrun displayed a quadratic response, decreasing when 500 g/d or more was infused. Foam firmness and stability were not affected significantly by HOSFA. For butter oil, melting point, firmness, and solid fat content decreased as HOSFA infusion increased. Changes in 21 TG fractions were statistically correlated to functional properties, with 6–10 fractions showing the highest correlations consistently. Decisions on the optimal amount of HOSFA were dependent on the dairy product to which milk fat is applied. For products handled at commercial refrigeration temperatures, such as whipping cream and butter oil, the 250 g/d level was the limit to maintain satisfactory functional qualities. Palmitic acid needed to be present in at least 20% in milk fat to keep the functional properties for the products.
First record of Ramari's beaked whale Mesoplodon eueu (Cetacea: Ziphiidae) for Uruguay
Authors: Valdivia Meica , Frones Lucía , Rossini Emilia , Laporta Paula , Carroll Emma L. , McGowen Michael R. , Marx Felix G. , Ríos Néstor 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We report the first record of Ramari's beaked whale (Mesoplodon eueu) from the temperate Southwestern Atlantic. Our analysis is based on an adult female and a plausibly associated calf/juvenile that stranded on the coast of Canelones Department, Uruguay. The species of the two individuals was identified via a combination of morphometric and molecular mitochondrial data and provide new insights into the Ramari's beaked whale, including previously unknown polymorphisms in the mitochondrial genome and a re-estimated date of divergence from Mesoplodon mirus at 2.5902 Mya.
Frequency-dependent alterations of global signal topography in patients with major depressive disorder
Authors: Yang Chengxiao , Biswal Bharat , Cui Qian , Jing Xiujuan , Ao Yujia , Wang Yifeng 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is associated not only with disorders in multiple brain networks but also with frequency-specific brain activities. The abnormality of spatiotemporal networks in patients with MDD remains largely unclear.MethodsWe investigated the alterations of the global spatiotemporal network in MDD patients using a large-sample multicenter resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging dataset. The spatiotemporal characteristics were measured by the variability of global signal (GS) and its correlation with local signals (GSCORR) at multiple frequency bands. The association between these indicators and clinical scores was further assessed.ResultsThe GS fluctuations were reduced in patients with MDD across the full frequency range (0–0.1852 Hz). The GSCORR was also reduced in the MDD group, especially in the relatively higher frequency range (0.0728–0.1852 Hz). Interestingly, these indicators showed positive correlations with depressive scores in the MDD group and relative negative correlations in the control group.ConclusionThe GS and its spatiotemporal effects on local signals were weakened in patients with MDD, which may impair inter-regional synchronization and related functions. Patients with severe depression may use the compensatory mechanism to make up for the functional impairments.
War and the adoption of family allowances
Authors: Obinger Herbert , Schmitt Carina 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMany Western countries first introduced family allowances around the Second World War. We argue that this clustering is not coincidental and put pronatalist policies related to war preparation and the socioeconomic and demographic ramifications of the Second World War at the center of our explanation. To test this, we first conduct brief case studies of France, Germany, Italy, and Japan to detail how war preparation influenced the introduction of such family allowances. Second, a panel regression of 18 Western countries investigates the different factors contributing to the timing of introduction of such policies and shows that war and its aftershocks have been an important causal factor in the introduction of family allowances. It was not so much the destructiveness of and the involvement in the war that played a role, but rather a general wartime crisis that affected belligerent and non-belligerent countries in similar ways.