bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crystallization behavior of syndiotactic and atactic 1,2‐polybutadiene blends
Authors: Cai Jiali , Han Ying , Yuan Zuanru , Cheng Rongshi , Wang Zhiliu , Jiang Liansheng , Bi Jifu , Li Genxi 
Published: May 2004

AbstractTwo 1,2‐polybutadiene samples, ie syndiotactic 1,2‐polybutadiene (sPB) and atactic 1,2‐polybutadiene (aPB), were synthesized by using the same Iron(III) catalyst system, although with changing contents of the third catalyst component. Effects of the composition of aPB on the crystallization behavior of sPB have been characterized by wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Analysis of the results indicates that the intensity of the (010) peak of sPB is influenced much more easily than that of the (200)/(110) peak by the amorphous aPB sample, but the structure of sPB does not change with the changing composition of sPB. aPB is thermodynamically miscible with sPB in the melt, and retards the melt crystallization of sPB. At the same time, non‐isothermal crystallization kinetic studies of neat sPB and 1/2.5 blends were carried out by DSC. The Avrami equations modified by Jeziorny and Privalko, were used to fit the primary stage of the non‐isothermal crystallizations of neat sPB and the 1/2.5 blends. A larger Avrami exponent for neat sPB than for the blends was observed, and possible reasons are discussed. The activation energies (ΔE) were determined to be −88 and −106 kJ mol−1 by the isoconversional Friedman method for neat sPB and sPB in the blends, respectively. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
A prostate stem cell antigen‐derived peptide immunogenic in HLA‐A24− prostate cancer patients
Authors: Matsueda Satoko , Yao Akihisa , Ishihara Yuki , Ogata Rika , Noguchi Masanori , Itoh Kyogo , Harada Mamoru 
Published: May 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDWe attempted to identify prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA)‐derived peptides immunogenic in HLA‐A24+ prostate cancer patients.METHODSPeripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were stimulated in vitro with each of three different PSCA‐derived peptides, which were prepared based on the HLA‐A24 binding motif, and their peptide‐specific and HLA‐A24‐restricted anti‐tumor responses were examined. Plasma levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG) against PSCA peptides were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).RESULTSAmong three PSCA peptides, the PSCA 76–84 peptide most effectively induced peptide‐specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) from PBMCs of HLA‐A24+ prostate cancer patients. Cytotoxicity was dependent on peptide‐specific and CD8+ T cells. The PSCA 76–84 peptide‐stimulated PBMCs showed a significant level of cytotoxicity against prostate cancer cells in an HLA‐A24‐restricted manner. IgG reactive to the PSCA 76–84 peptide was detected in half of patients.CONCLUSIONSThe PSCA 76–84 peptide should be considered for use in clinical trials of immunotherapy for HLA‐A24+ patients. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular alterations associated with LNCaP cell progression to androgen independence
Authors: Shi Xu‐Bao , Ma Ai‐Hong , Tepper Clifford G. , Xia Liang , Gregg Jeffrey P. , Gandour‐Edwards Regina , Mack Philip C. , Kung Hsing‐Jien , deVere White Ralph W. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDThere is no effective therapy currently available for androgen‐independent (AI) prostate cancer (CaP). This is largely due to lack of information about the molecular mechanisms by which androgen‐dependent tumor cells progress to androgen independence. In this study, we investigated molecular alterations occurring in AI LNCaP cells.METHODSWe established and characterized three AI LNCaP sublines that exhibited a wide range of cytogenetic alterations. In order to understand why androgen‐sensitive LNCaP cells can survive in an androgen‐deprived environment, we analyzed the expression of signaling proteins associated with proliferation and survival of AI cells. In addition, gene expression profiling was performed to gain insight into molecular alterations in these LNCaP sublines.RESULTSThese LNCaP sublines exhibited heightened levels of androgen receptor (AR), HER2, MAPK, serine 473‐phosphorylated Akt, and Bcl‐2, implicating these proteins as mediators of AI growth. Gene expression profiling identified a common set of 66 genes that were differentially expressed in all three sublines compared to the parental LNCaP cells. Of these, 32 were apparently androgen regulated, while the remainder comprised an expression signature specific for androgen independence.CONCLUSIONWe have developed AI LNCaP cell models and identified several genes that are specifically expressed in these models. Elucidating the relative importance of these genetic changes will help define the molecular mechanism by which CaP progresses to androgen independence. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Immunotherapy (APC8015, Provenge®) targeting prostatic acid phosphatase can induce durable remission of metastatic androgen‐independent prostate cancer: A phase 2 trial
Authors: Burch Patrick A. , Croghan Gary A. , Gastineau Dennis A. , Jones Lori A. , Kaur Judith S. , Kylstra Jelle W. , Richardson Ronald L. , Valone Frank H. , Vuk‐Pavlović Stanimir 
Published: May 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDProstate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy in American men, yet treatment of its metastatic androgen‐independent form remains inadequate. This mandates development of new therapies such as immunotherapy. In this Phase 2 trial, we determined the efficacy of antigen presenting cells (APCs) loaded with PA2024, a recombinant fusion protein containing prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) and GM‐CSF.METHODSWe enrolled 21 patients with histologically documented androgen‐independent prostate carcinoma that could be evaluated by radionuclide bone scan or computed tomography scan. APC8015 was prepared from a leukapheresis product; it contained autologous CD54‐positive PA2024‐loaded APCs with admixtures of monocytes, macrophages, B and T cells. APC8015 was infused intravenously twice, 2 weeks apart. Two weeks after the second infusion, patients received three subcutaneous injections of 1.0 mg of PA2024 1 month apart. We monitored patients' physical condition, immune response, and laboratory parameters.RESULTSNineteen patients could be evaluated for response to treatment. The median time to progression was 118 days. Treatment was tolerated reasonably well; most adverse effects were secondary to APC8015 and were NCI Common Toxicity Criteria Grade 1–2. Four of the 21 patients reported Grade 3–4 adverse events. Two patients exhibited a transient 25–50% decrease in prostate‐specific antigen (PSA). For a third patient, PSA dropped from 221 ng/ml at baseline to undetectable levels by week 24 and has remained so for more than 4 years. In addition, this patient's metastatic retroperitoneal and pelvic adenopathy has resolved. PBMC collected from patients for at least 16 weeks proliferated upon in vitro stimulation by PA2024. For the patient with responsive disease, PBMC could be stimulated for 96 weeks.CONCLUSIONSThis study demonstrates a definite clinical response of androgen‐independent prostate cancer to APC immunotherapy. Currently we are studying this mode of therapy in Phase 3 trials. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Antisense MDM2 oligonucleotides restore the apoptotic response of prostate cancer cells to androgen deprivation
Authors: Mu Zhaomei , Hachem Paul , Agrawal Sudhir , Pollack Alan 
Published: May 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDEarly in the malignant transformation of prostate epithelial cells, the apoptotic response to androgen deprivation (AD) is lost and the principle response is a slowing of cell growth. In this study, we tested whether interruption of MDM2 function using antisense MDM2 oligonucleotide (AS) affects the apoptotic response of prostate cancer cells to AD.METHODSWild type LNCaP cells and MDM2‐overexpressing (LNCaP‐MST) cells were treated with AS alone or in combination with AD. Protein levels of MDM2, p53, and p21 were determined by Western blotting. Cell viability was measure by trypan blue staining. Apoptotic cell death was confirmed by cell morphological changes, annexin V/propidium iodide staining and caspase‐3 + 7 activity. Overall cell survival was quantified by clonogenic assay.RESULTSAS inhibited MDM2 expression to a greater extent in LNCaP cells, as compared to LNCaP‐MST cells. AS enhanced the expression of p53 and p21 in both cell lines. The growth inhibitory and cell death effects of AS + AD were generally greater than AS alone in LNCaP cells. Treatment of LNCaP cells with AS + AD for 72 hr caused a significant increase in cell death (66%) over AD alone (13%), AS alone (33%), or AD + AS + R1881 (34% with synthetic androgen replacement) that was attributable mainly to apoptosis. Clonogenic survival reflected the same pattern.CONCLUSIONSOur results suggest that the apoptotic response of prostate cancer to AD is strongly influenced by MDM2 expression. Antisense MDM2 has broad potential as a therapeutic agent to sensitize prostate cancer cells to AD therapy by enhancing apoptotic cell death. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Polo‐like kinase 1 is overexpressed in prostate cancer and linked to higher tumor grades
Authors: Weichert Wilko , Schmidt Mathias , Gekeler Volker , Denkert Carsten , Stephan Carsten , Jung Klaus , Loening Stefan , Dietel Manfred , Kristiansen Glen 
Published: May 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDPolo‐like kinase 1 (PLK1) is known to be one of the key players in the regulation of mitosis of both normal and malignant transformed cells. Moreover, several studies reported an overexpression of PLK1 in human malignancies compared to the corresponding tissue of origin.METHODSIn this study, expression of PLK1 was investigated by immunohistochemistry in 78 tissue specimens of prostate carcinoma and in adjacent normal prostate tissue as well as in benign prostate hyperplasia. PLK1 expression was semiquantitavely scored and subsequently correlated to clinicopathological parameters and patient prognosis.RESULTSNo significant PLK1 expression was observed in normal prostate glandular epithelium and stroma. Specimens of benign prostate hyperplasia were PLK1‐negative as well. In contrast, 52.6% of all prostate carcinomas showed strong expression of PLK1. High grade intraepithelial lesions, if present, stained almost invariably in the same manner as the respective invasive tumors. Expression of PLK1 correlated positively with Gleason grade (P = 0.011). No other significant correlations of PLK1 expression with either tumor stage, WHO tumor grade, preoperative PSA, age, or resection margins could be established. In an analysis for differences in PSA‐relapse‐free survival time, PLK1 expression was not a prognostic marker.CONCLUSIONSThese results demonstrate a high rate of PLK1‐positivity in prostate cancer which suggests involvement of PLK1 in tumorigenesis and progression in this tumor entity. Therefore, targeted strategies focussing on PLK1 inhibition might represent a promising new chemotherapeutic approach in prostate cancer. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization and comparative analyses of transcriptomes from the normal and neoplastic human prostate
Authors: Clegg Nigel , Abbott Denise , Ferguson Camari , Coleman Roger , Nelson Peter S. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe prostate gland is a highly specialized organ with functional attributes that serve to enhance the fertility of mammalian species. Pathological processes affecting the prostate include benign prostate hypertrophy and prostate carcinoma; diseases that account for major morbidity and mortality in middle‐aged and elderly men. To facilitate studies of biological processes uniquely represented in the prostate and assess molecular alterations associated with prostate carcinoma, we sought to establish the diversity of gene expression in the normal and neoplastic prostate through the compilation and analysis of a prostate transcriptome.METHODSWe assembled and annotated ESTs derived from prostate cDNA libraries that were either produced in our laboratory or available from public sequence repositories such as CGAP, dbEST, and Unigene. Determinations of differential gene expression between the normal prostate, other normal tissues, and neoplastic prostate tissues was performed using statistical algorithms. Confirmation of differential expression was performed by quantitative PCR and Northern analysis.RESULTSA total of 99,448 high‐quality ESTs were assembled and annotated to produce a prostate transcriptome comprised of 24,580 distinct TUs. Comparative analyses of gene expression levels identified 61 TUs with exclusive expression in the prostate and 45 TUs with high levels of expression in the prostate relative to at least 25 other normal tissues (P > 0.99). Comparative analyses of ESTs derived from neoplastic prostate tissues identified 75 genes with dysregulated expression in cancer (P > 0.99).CONCLUSIONSThe human prostate expresses a diverse repertoire of genes that reflect a functionally complex organ. The identification of genes with prostate‐restricted or enhanced expression may provide additional insights into the biochemical processes that interact to form the developmental, signaling, and metabolic pathways of the normal and neoplastic gland. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Geometric phase effect at N‐fold electronic degeneracies in Jahn–Teller systems
Authors: Varandas A. J. C. , Xu Z. R. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThe geometric phase effect at arbitrary integral N‐fold electronic degeneracies is investigated in Jahn–Teller systems. It is shown to be a property inherent to inversion of the adiabatic electronic wave vectors in the N‐dimensional electronic wave‐vector space. The relationship between the geometric phase and mixing angles has also been established. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2004
Theoretical study of the double bond migration mechanism with participation of hydroxide ion
Authors: Kobychev Vladimir B. , Vitkovskaya Nadezhda M. , Trofimov Boris A. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThe prototropic isomerization of the propene molecule in the presence of hydroxide ion was studied using ab initio Hartree–Fock and Møller–Plesset second‐order perturbation theory (MP2) approaches, as well as the density functional theory, in a gas‐phase and dimethyl sulfoxide solution. The results obtained within Born and Onsager models as well as the self‐consistent isodensity (SCIPCM) and the integral equation formalism (IEFPCM) versions of the polarizable continuum model suppose the proton migration mechanism involving formation of the intermediate complex of the allyl anion with a water molecule. This mechanism looks preferable compared with the traditional two‐stage one, even in the case of methylthiopropene molelcule, which forms a markedly more stable carbanion. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2004
Long‐term depression in horizontal slices of the rat lateral amygdala
Authors: Kaschel Tobias , Schubert Manja , Albrecht Doris 
Published: May 2004

AbstractLong‐term depression (LTD) is an enduring decrease in synaptic efficacy and is thought to underlie memory. In contrast to investigations of plasticity mechanisms in the amygdala in rat coronal slices, this study was done in horizontal slices. Field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs) and EPSPs, respectively, were recorded extracellularly and intracellularly from the lateral nucleus of the amygdala (LA). We show that low‐frequency stimulation (LFS) induces LTD in the LA, when stimulation electrodes were located in the LA. No significant differences were found between females and males. In dependence of strain variations, a reduction of GABAergic inhibition either reduced the magnitude of LTD or was a prerequisite for the induction of extracellularly recorded LA‐LTD. Theta pulse stimulation (TPS) of afferents within the LA caused a weaker LTD than LFS. Theta burst stimulation (TBS) given 20 min after the end of LFS reversed LTD, whereas high‐frequency stimulation (HFS) resulted in long‐term potentiation (LTP) that was significantly stronger than that obtained in naive slices. Therefore, primed induction of LTD facilitates high‐frequency‐induced LTP in the rat lateral amygdala. NMDARs as well as group II mGluRs were involved in the mediation of LA‐LTD. In contrast to data obtained by stimulation of afferents running within the LA, LFS of the external capsule fibers induced a weak LA‐LTD, and TPS was not able to induce LTD. This study showed for the first time that LTD can be induced in the LA by standard LFS (900 pulses at 1 Hz) and that LTP stimuli reversed LTD. The results also provide further evidence for the broad sensitivity of synaptic plasticity mechanisms to the history of prior activity. Synapse 53:141–150, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Immunolocalization of CB1 receptor in rat striatal neurons: A confocal microscopy study
Authors: Fusco F.R. , Martorana A. , Giampà C. , De March Z. , Farini D. , D'Angelo V. , Sancesario G. , Bernardi G. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractSeveral lines of evidence indicate that cannabinoids, among other functions, are involved in motor control. Although cannabinoid receptors (CB1) mRNA has been observed in medium‐sized spiny neurons of the striatum, a description of the precise localization of CB1 at a protein level among striatal cells is still lacking. Therefore, we performed immunohistochemical studies with light and confocal microscopy to identify neuronal subpopulations that express CB1 and to assess the distribution of the receptor within these neurons. In our single label light microscopy study, CB1 was observed in most medium‐sized neurons of the caudate‐putamen. However, CB1 was also present in large‐sized neurons scattered throughout the striatum. Our dual‐label study showed that 89.3% of projection neurons in matrix contain CB1, and that 56.4% of projection neurons in patch are labeled for CB1. To investigate the presence of CB1 among the different subclasses of striatal interneurons we performed a double‐labeling study matching CB1 and each of the striatal interneuron markers, namely, choline acetyl‐transferase, parvalbumin, calretinin, and nitric oxide synthase. Our double‐label study showed that most parvalbumin immunoreactive interneurons (86.5%), more than one‐third (39.2%) of cholinergic interneurons, and about one‐third (30.4%) of the NOS‐positive neurons are labeled for CB1. Calretinin‐immunolabeled neurons were devoid of CB1. Synapse 53:159–167, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
How a new realistic mobility model can affect the relative performance of a mobile networking scheme
Authors: Tugcu Tuna , Ersoy Cem 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThe validity of the mobility model used to evaluate a cellular network determines the validity of the evaluation. In the literature, unrealistic assumptions on mobility are exercised for the sake of simplicity. In this paper, we present a novel mobility model which is realistic in the sense that it captures themoving‐in‐groups,conscious travelingandinertialbehaviours of the subscribers while respecting thenon‐pass‐throughfeature of structures like households and preserving the autonomy of the subscribers. The mobility and call patterns of the subscribers are determined according to the locus of the subscriber over a real map. Thus, our model allows the subscribers to leave home or arrive home, walk or drive in the streets, get on the highways at specific entry points together with numerous hot and blind spots in the terrain, like city centers and lakes. The call pattern of a subscriber is affected by the type of structure he is in. The model can work on real maps to simulate the mobility patterns in real life. We have evaluated the proposed model against the well‐known way point mobility model. We also analyzed the effect of the mobility model on systems with and without guard channels. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Designing a wireless network with directional antennas: frequency division issue
Authors: Wu Yiwen , Hui Joseph 
Published: June 2004

AbstractWe design a mobile ad‐hoc network (MANET), where nodes are equipped with several multi‐beam adaptive array (MBAA) systems. Such devices provide a great advantage for both space and frequency freedom, and produce a much better network throughput than traditional systems based on single frequency, omnidirectional transmission. A license‐free bandwidth up to 7 GHz is available centered at 60 GHz. The problem to divide this bandwidth into several channels is described as frequency division issue in this paper. We have provided a possible solution for such a problem in our paper, formulated as a (K,M) list‐coloring problem of the associated graph. Major results are presented based on two different models for connection requests. In addition, a numerical test is performed to verify the analysis. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The relationship of peer victimization to social anxiety and loneliness in adolescent females
Authors: Storch Eric A , Masia‐Warner Carrie 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThis study examined the relationship of overt and relational victimization to social anxiety, loneliness, and prosocial behaviours in a sample of female adolescents. The Social Experience Questionnaire, Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents, and Asher Loneliness Scale were administered to 561 girls in the ninth, tenth, and eleventh grades of an urban parochial high school. Consistent with prior work, overt and relational victimization were positively associated with fear of negative evaluation, social avoidance of general and new situations, and loneliness. In addition, prosocial behaviours from peers moderated the effects of relational victimization on loneliness. Implications of these findings for the role of peer victimization and prosocial behaviours in female relationships are discussed.
Adolescent adjustment in a nationally collected sample: identifying group differences by adoption status, adoption subtype, developmental stage and gender☆
Authors: Burrow Anthony L , Tubman Jonathan G , Finley Gordon E 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe current study investigated group differences in adolescent adjustment by adoption status and adoption subtype in a national sample, in contrast to group differences based on developmental stage or gender. Secondary analyses of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health were performed to describe group differences in a broad range of adjustment measures (a) between adoptees and non‐adoptees, (b) between different‐race adoptees and same‐race adoptees and, (c) across adolescent developmental stage and gender groups. Based upon a developmental deviance hypothesis, the current study hypothesized that early adolescent different‐race adoptees would fair better across measures of academic performance, familial relationships, psychological adjustment, and physical health than their middle and late adolescent counterparts. Group comparisons revealed little evidence of increased maladjustment among adopted adolescents compared to non‐adopted study participants. In addition, group comparisons revealed few differences across indices of adolescent adjustment by adoption subtype (i.e. by the degree of racial congruence adopted child and adoptive parent). However, significant group differences in adolescent adjustment were found based on participants’ developmental stage and gender. The implications of the findings are discussed.