bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
F74Live 3D – dynamic prenatal three‐dimensional‐sonography
Authors: Brauer M. , Dudenhausen J. W. 
Published: March 2003

Background3D‐Ultrasound (3D‐US) was lacking a mode of dynamic visualisation in the past. Recently a new method for dynamic 3D‐Sonography (Live‐3D) was developed. Live‐3D was evaluated concerning feasability and relevance in fetal sonography. The results will be demonstrated by short video sequences.MethodThe technical principle of Live‐3D is based on the Voluson‐technique, developed by Kretztechnik (Zipf/Austria). Special modifications enable the machine to perform a continuous serial volume‐scanning and image‐rendering. The result is a dynamic visualisation of tomographic images or surface renderings with a maximum speed of 3 images/second. Recent improvements even permit image‐frequencies up to 12 images/second.ResultsLive‐3D allows a 3‐dimensional visualisation of the moving fetus. Low image‐frequencies cause certain limitations but this problem has been improved tremendously and will be completely solved in near future. A still remaining problem is the lack of a selective elimination of artefacts.ConclusionsIntegrating motion into 3D‐US the development of Live‐3D is comparable to the step from Compound‐Scan to Realtime‐B‐Mode. Fetal behaviour (e.g. mimic) can be visualized 3‐dimensionally, which might be useful for fetal assessment. Furthermore realtime‐3‐dimensional‐guidance will allow a more precise performance of invasive procedures. Further modifications such as the acceleration of image‐frequencies and the improvement of the artefact‐elimination are necessary to optimize the method.
F76Patients undergoing three‐dimensional ultrasound: review of referrals for 111 patients
Authors: Pretorius D. H. , Hull A. D. , Nelson T. R. , Coffler M. , Daneshmand S. 
Published: March 2003

BackgroundThree‐dimensional ultrasound (3DUS) is a rapidly emerging imaging technology offering improved visualization of patient anatomy. The purpose of this project was to identify the distribution of patients referred for 3DUS on a clinical service and assess the potential impact on care and management strategies.MethodCharts from 111 patients having 3DUS studies in our clinical obstetrical and gynecological service were reviewed for indications. Patients were categorized as:1) 3DUS specific referrals based on 2DUS findings, 2) value added DUS studies to2) trouble shoot problems identified with 2DUS, 3) physician requested 3DUS studies to enhance patient reassurance and 4) patient initiated 3DUS studies for reassurance.ResultsIndication for 3DUS studies were: 3DUS specific referrals (30) (e.g. facial anomalies, sonohysterogams), trouble shoot problems identified with 2DUS (45) (e.g. club feet, vasa previa), physician requested studies to enhance patient reassurance (e.g. prior anomalies) and patient initiated 3DUS for reassurance (15) (e.g. prior anomalies, surrogate parents, hospice patients). Availability of 3DUS imaging resulted in new models of patient referral (internet, patient initiated, distant to the community).ConclusionAs new technology (e.g. 3DUS) enters the clinical arena, new pathways for patients to access technology develop (outside referrals, patient referrals, internet).Improved information alters and improves patient responses (comprehension, decision making, reassurance) to their medical situation.
F87Transvaginal sonography in prediction of preterm delivery in patients presenting with signs and symptoms of preterm labor
Authors: Hincz P. , Wilczyński J. , Borowski D. , Kozarzewski M. , Szaflik K. 
Published: March 2003

BackgroundThe purpose of the study was to assess the clinical value of transvaginal sonography in the group of women presenting with preterm contractions and cervical changes.MethodsWe prospectively evaluated 82 patients between 23 and 34 weeks of gestation presenting in our Department with signs and symptoms of preterm labor, intact membranes and cervical dilatation < 3 cm. In all cases transvaginal sonography was performed.ResultsThe rate of preterm delivery (< 37 weeks) was 25.6% and 17.1% of the patients delivered ≤ 28 days from the examination. Among the analyzed parameters, the significant difference between patients delivered ≤ 28 and > 28 days from examination, was noticed only for the functional canal length (21.6 mm vs. 30.1 mm; P < 0.001). The analysis of ROC curves showed that functional canal length had the highest diagnostic capability. Two important thresholds were found – 20 mm and 31 mm. For predicting delivery ≤ 28 days the functional canal length ≤ 20 mm had sensitivity of 57.1%, specificity of 92.6%, PPV of 61.5% and NPV of 91.3%. The cutoff value of 31 mm had sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 47.1%, PPV of 28% and NPV of 100%. In multiple logistic regression analysis only FCL ≤ 20 mm (OR 8.18; P = 0.027) was independently associated with PTD.ConclusionsThe shortening of the functional canal length (≤ 20 mm) is predictive of impending preterm delivery and the functional canal length > 31 mm is the indicator of the absence of labor.
F88The value of cervical length measurement in the prediction of preterm delivery prior to 34 weeks gestation in women presenting with threatened preterm labour
Authors: Mavrides E. , Georgakopoulou A. , Tekay A. , Thilaganathan B. 
Published: March 2003

AimThe aim of this study is to evaluate whether cervical length and morphology assessed by transvaginal ultrasound in women admitted in threatened labour, can predict preterm delivery prior to 34 weeks gestation.MethodOver a six‐month period, 25 women presenting with threatened preterm labour were prospectively recruited into the study. Women with ruptured membranes, chorioamnionitis or heavy vaginal bleeding requiring delivery were excluded. Transvaginal sonography for cervical length and morphology was performed shortly after admission. Demographic data, medical observations and interventions were recorded. Pregnancy outcomes were collected after delivery.ResultsThe mean gestation at recruitment was 27+4 weeks (range 21+°−32+6 weeks). 16% (4/25) of patients delivered before 34 weeks gestation. In the latter cases, the cervical lengths were all ≤ 25 mm and the interval between presentation and delivery was < 2 weeks. All pregnancies with a cervical length > 25 mm delivered after 34 weeks gestation.ConclusionTransvaginal ultrasound assessment of cervical length in women presenting with threatened preterm labour is useful in predicting the likelihood of preterm delivery. This investigation may be useful in optimising the management of these women and reducing the risks of unnecessary tocolysis in women that are unlikely to deliver preterm.
F99The influence of maternal hematocrit on placental size and growth from the first to mid‐second trimesters of pregnancy
Authors: Michailidis G. D. , Mamopoulos A. , Papageorgiou P. , Economides D. L. 
Published: March 2003

ObjectivesTo study the association of maternal hematocrit (Ht) levels with placental size and growth in the first and mid‐second trimesters of pregnancy.Subjects/methodsOne hundred and forty pregnant women with a singleton pregnancy were recruited at 11–14 weeks’ gestation. For each case we performed three scans of the placenta the first at recruitment and the following two in three weeks intervals. The volume of the placenta was measured at each visit using a three dimensional ultrasound scanner. The Hb and Ht were measured within two weeks from the first scan.ResultsThe placental growth from early second (14–17 weeks) to mid‐second (17–20 weeks) trimesters was inversely related to the Ht levels (r = −0.263, P < 0.01). Similar results were observed for the overall placental growth (r = −0.27, P < 0.01). The placental volume at mid second trimester* (17–20 weeks) was also inversely related to Ht (r = −0.18, P < 0.05). However, the placental volume at the first trimester*, early second trimester* and the placental growth from 11 to 17 weeks were not found to be associated with ht levels.DiscussionThis study demonstrates the effects of maternal environment on placental growth. Our data suggests that the levels of Ht appear to affect the placental size mainly at the second trimester. Further studies about the factors that regulate placental growth are needed to elucidate the pathophysiology of these interactions and their effect to the pregnancy outcome.*(Corrected for gestational age)
Free Communications Ultrasound in gynecology F01Transvaginal sonographic and Color/Power Doppler evaluation of cervical carcinoma
Authors: Romanini M. E. , Exacoustòs C. , Congiu M. , Arduini D. , Benedetti‐Panici P. , Romanini C. 
Published: March 2003

BackgroundAim of this study was to assess the accuracy of transvaginal sonography (TVS) associated to Color or Power Doppler (CFD/PD) for the evaluation of size and spread of disease in cervical cancer as diagnostic tool in the preoperative evaluation.MethodAll patients (pts) affected by cervical cancer were studied by TVS and CFD/PD. TVS probe was used also as a transrectal when deemed necessary. Tumor size was measured consecutively by gray scale sonography and using CFD/PD. Extension of the tumor to the parametria; to the corpus uteri, to the ovary, the bladder and the rectum was also evaluated. TVS findings were compared to gynecologic examination under anesthesia, MRI and laparoscopy and pathological specimen.Results20 cases were studied. 45% of pts had neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Tumor diameter measured by ultrasound correlated well with pathological specimen (r = 0.82). Accuracy of the measurement was increased when tumor diameter was > 4 cm. TVS correctly diagnose the extension of disease to the bladder and to the corpus uteri in 90% of cases. Involvement of the parametria was supected by sonography in 45% of cases.ConclusionsTVS seems to be an accurate means of evaluation for tumor size and extension to adjacent organs, therefore TVS could be useful in the perioperative management of cervical cancer.
Prenatal diagnosis of an aneurysm of the vein of Galen with three‐dimensional color power angiography
Authors: Heling K. S. , Chaoui R. , Bollmann R. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe prenatal diagnosis of an aneurysm of the vein of Galen has been reported on only a few occasions. This rare arterio‐venous fistula is suspected when an intracerebral hypoechoic cyst is found in which blood flow can be demonstrated by Doppler ultrasound. This is one of the few conditions where Doppler ultrasound is critical for the diagnosis. Three‐dimensional color power Doppler (3D‐CPA) is a recent ultrasound modality which enables the three‐dimensional visualization of vessels and which is more readily available than magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) We report a fetus in which an aneurysm of the vein of Galen was detected at 33 weeks' gestation and where the application of 3D‐CPA enabled a better understanding of the spatial orientation and course of the dilated vessels. The neonate was successfully treated with coil angiography but subsequently died at 5 months of age from cardiac decompensation. Where fetal malformations involve the vascular system, 3D‐CPA appears to be a promising technique. Copyright © 2000 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Reference values for differences between cardio‐circulatory variables of normal twin fetuses
Authors: Sonesson S.‐E. , Fouron J.‐C. , Leduc L. , Lessard M. , Grignon A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackgroundNo reference values exist concerning the differences between cardio‐circulatory variables of normal twin fetuses. The normal data could be useful in the identification of conditions causing opposite hemodynamic effects on each twin.ObjectiveTo establish the normal differences among cardio‐circulatory parameters of twin fetuses during the second and third trimesters of gestation.Materials and methodsTwenty‐seven normal twin pregnancies were used in this longitudinal and prospective study. Doppler‐echocardiographic investigations were performed every 2‐3 weeks starting at an average of 23.11 ± 3.13 (mean ± standard deviation) weeks' gestation. At each visit, the following cardio‐circulatory variables were evaluated: the cardio‐thoracic ratio, the ventricular wall and septal thicknesses, end‐diastolic and systolic diameters, ventricular fractional shortenings, velocity of circumferential fibre shortenings and left and right ventricular outputs. In addition the following measurements were made from Doppler recordings: through both aortic and pulmonary valve the acceleration and ejection times, the peak systolic velocities and the velocity time integrals; and through both mitral and tricuspid valves peak velocities of E and A waves and the E/A ratios. Finally the pulsatility index of the umbilical artery was also evaluated.ResultsThere was no single variable where the intertwin difference changed with gestational age. No systematic difference between the smaller and larger twin could be demonstrated for any variables except for the cardio‐thoracic ratio.ConclusionReference tables should permit a comparative approach between the two twins in the investigation of life threatening complications such as twin‐to‒twin transfusion syndrome. Copyright © 2000 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Routine ultrasound fetal examination in pregnancy: the ‘Ålesund’ randomized controlled trial
Authors: Eik‐Nes S. H. , Salvesen K. Å. , Økland O. , Vatten L. J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the possible benefits of the routine use of ultrasound screening in pregnancy.DesignA randomized controlled trial was designed to detect a 50% difference in the incidence of induction for apparent post‐term pregnancies between women who were screened with ultrasound and unscreened women. A total of 1628 pregnant women from the general population were included. Eight hundred and twenty‐five were allocated to an ultrasound examination at the 18th and 32nd week of pregnancy in addition to receiving routine antenatal care. The remaining 803 women received standard antenatal care, but could only be referred for ultrasound examination on clinical indication.ResultsThe incidence of induced labor due to apparent post‐term pregnancies was approximately 70% lower in the ultrasound‐screened group. Inductions from all causes were also less frequent among ultrasound‐screened women. There were six perinatal deaths among the screened and seven among the controls after excluding three lethal malformations among the controls. There was no difference in Apgar score after 1 min, but the proportion with Apgar score less than 8 after 5 min was lower among the screened group (P = 0.04). The need for positive pressure ventilation for more than 1 min was lower among the screened group (P = 0.02). Birth weight was slightly higher in the screened group (39 g), but the difference was not statistically significant. Among the controls three pairs of twins remained undiagnosed until the mothers were admitted to the hospital in labor at between 36 and 38 weeks gestation.ConclusionThese results suggest that for women who were screened with ultrasound, obstetricians were less likely to induce labor due to apparent post‐term pregnancy, than for women who were not screened. All 10 pairs of twins in the screened group were diagnosed at the routine examination. These data also suggest that perinatal morbidity might be slightly lower in the screened group. Copyright © 2000 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Sources and impact of artifacts on clinical three‐dimensional ultrasound imaging
Authors: Nelson T. R. , Pretorius D. H. , Hull A. , Riccabona M. , Sklansky M. S. , James G. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to investigate, identify and discuss artifacts and their sources arising in three‐dimensional ultrasound (3D US) in clinical practice in order to increase the awareness of clinicians and sonographers with respect to common 3D US artifacts and to use this increased awareness to avoid or reduce the occurrence of misdiagnosis in 3D US studies.Patient 3D US data were acquired using several different scanners and reviewed interactively on the scanner and graphics workstations. Artifacts were catalogued according to artifact origin. Two‐dimensional ultrasound (2D US) artifacts were classified whether they were of a B‐mode or color/power Doppler origin and their presentation in the original scan planes and the resulting volume re‐sliced planes and rendered images was identified. Artifacts unique to 3D US were observed, noted and catalogued on the basis of whether they arose during acquisition, rendering or volume editing operations.Acoustic artifacts identified included drop‐out, shadowing, etc. whose presentation depended on the relationship between slice and imaging plane orientation. Color/power Doppler artifacts were related to gain, aliasing, and flash which could add apparent structure or confusion to the volume images. Rendered images also demonstrated artifacts due to shadowing and motion of adjacent structures, cardiac motion or pulsatility of the cardiac septum or vessel walls. Editing artifacts potentially removed important structures.Three‐dimensional ultrasound is prone to the same types of artifacts encountered in 2D US imaging plus others unique to volume acquisition and visualization. The consequences of these diagnostically significant artifacts include mimicking of abnormal development, masses, or missing structures thus requiring careful study before reaching a diagnosis. Copyright © 2000 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung: a report of 26 cases and review of the literature
Authors: Monni G. , Paladini D. , Ibba R. M. , Teodoro A. , Zoppi M. A. , Lamberti A. , Floris M. , Putzolu M. , Martinelli P. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the sonographic appearances and prenatal natural history of congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung.MethodsIn each case a detailed examination of the thoracic lesion and a complete fetal survey was performed. The pregnancies that elected to continue were followed to term.ResultsA total of 26 cases were identified. The pregnancy was electively terminated in nine cases (35%). All the remaining 17 pregnancies ended in liveborn infants (100%). The lesion disappeared completely in three fetuses (18%). Of the 14 infants in whom the lesion was confirmed at birth nine required surgery in the neonatal or post‐natal period. Five children did not undergo surgery.ConclusionsConservative management appears to be an adequate medical practice in cases of isolated congenital unilateral cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung, in the absence of hydrops and/or acute polyhydramnios. Copyright © 2000 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Prognostic value of ultrasound findings of fetal cystic hygroma detected in early pregnancy by transvaginal sonography
Authors: Rosati P. , Guariglia L. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the prognostic value of first and early second trimester transvaginal ultrasound findings of fetal cystic hygroma such as volume, presence of septa and associated fetal anomalies or malformations.DesignA prospective study of fetal cystic hygroma volume detected at 10–15 weeks of gestation by transvaginal scan.SubjectsThe study comprised a series of 33 cystic hygromas detected throughout the period March 1994 to March 1998 in 1918 pregnant women.MethodsThe volume of the hygroma and the presence of septa and other associated fetal anomalies or malformations were evaluated and correlated with fetal karyotype, persistence of the hygroma and pregnancy outcome.ResultsA volume equal to or greater than 75 mm3 revealed a sensitivity of 66.7% [eight of 12 cases; 95% confidence interval (CI), 34.9–90.1%] for the identification of abnormal fetal karyotype, 72.7% (eight of 11 cases; 95% CI, 39.0–90.4%) for the identification of persistence of the hygroma and 90% (nine of 10 cases; 95% CI, 55.5–99.7%) for identification of an unfavorable outcome of pregnancy. Furthermore, the prognostic value of ultrasound in determining pregnancy and fetal outcome were improved by combining data on the volume of the hygroma and the presence of associated anomalies or malformations.ConclusionsMeasuring the volume of a cystic hygroma proves to be a useful ultrasound prognostic indicator in determining the risk of an associated karyotypic abnormality and adverse fetal and pregnancy outcome. However, due to limited sample size, caution is required in interpretation of the data and further studies are needed. Copyright © 2000 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Fetal anemia as a consequence of hemorrhage into an ovarian cyst
Authors: Abolmakarem H. , Tharmaratnum S. , Thilaganathan B. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractFetal ovarian cysts are usually benign in nature and resolve spontaneously. Complications such as torsion and rupture have been described previously. A case of presumptive spontaneous hemorrhage into a fetal ovarian cyst is presented. Serial ultrasound and Doppler assessments revealed the development of fetal anemia, which was managed by intrauterine blood transfusion. Copyright © 2001 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Midterm follow up results of uterine artery embolization for the treatment of uterine adenomyosis and myomas
Authors: Lee E.‐H. , Ahn C. , Lee M.‐H. , Lee C. 
Published: March 2003

Purpose:  The purpose of this study is to evaluate the natural course of uterine artery embolization for the treatment of uterine adenomyosis and myomas during the midterm follow up.Materials and methods:  One hundred and sixty women (age range: 25–55 years; mean age: 40 years) having symptomatic (dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia, pressure symptoms) uterine adenomyosis or myoma were recruited in this prospective study. Technically or clinically failed cases and lost patients during the follow up period were excluded. We performed embolization with coaxial technique via right femoral route, PVA particles (250–710 mm), and gelfoam. Detailed clinical and sonographic follow up were obtained at a week for 143 patients, at 6 months for 80 patients, at 1 year for 24 patients, at 18 months for 25 patients, and at 2 years for 31 patients.Results:  The volumes of uterus and myomas were progressively reduced in all patients until 1 year, and then stable during the next 1 year. Mean volume reduction of uterus and myomas were 43.2 and 70.2%, respectively. The peak systolic velocities of uterine arteries were markedly decreased at a week, recovered at 6 months, and then stable until 2 years after the procedure. Resistive indexes of uterine arteries were abruptly increased at a week, recovered at 6 months, and then stable thereafter. The flow of uterine arteries did not show the full recovery of initial levels.Conclusion:  Uterine artery embolization for the treatment of uterine adenomyosis and myomas is minimally invasive procedure with stable natural course during the midterm follow up.