bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multifunctional Imidazolidinyl Urea Additive Initiated Complex with PbI2 Toward Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Tu Yibo , Li Guodong , Ye Jingchuan , Deng Chunyan , Liu Ruochuan , Yang Gaoyuan , Shao Tianxiang , Li Yu , Zang Yue , Wang Yu , Zhou Qin , Wu Jihuai , Yan Wensheng 
Published: December 2023

AbstractHigh‐quality perovskite absorption layer is the fundamental basis for efficient and stable perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Due to the ionic nature of perovskite components, plentiful charged defects and suspension bonds remain on the surface of perovskite grains after continuous high‐temperature annealing. Here, the complex initiated by the introduction of a multifunctional imidazolidinyl urea (IU) additive into the PbI2 precursor solution could serve as nucleation sites and crystallization templates for perovskite crystals to optimize the growth of high‐quality perovskite films. By anchoring at the grain boundaries of perovskite films, IU molecules could passivate various types of defects, improve the hydrophobic properties, and inhibit lead leakage. Attributed to reduced defect density, improved charge transport, and inhibited α‐FAPbI3 transition, the PSCs prepared based on IU additives achieved a champion power conversion efficiency of 23.18% (21.51% for the control PSCs) with negligible hysteresis and satisfactory stability.
Spontaneous Built‐In Electric Field in C3N4‐CoSe2 Modified Multifunctional Separator with Accelerating Sulfur Evolution Kinetics and Li Deposition for Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Liang Ziwei , Peng Chao , Shen Jiadong , Yuan Jujun , Yang Yan , Xue Dongfeng , Zhu Min , Liu Jun 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe discovery of the heterostructures that is combining two materials with different properties has brought new opportunities for the development of lithium sulfur batteries (LSBs). Here, C3N4‐CoSe2 composite is elaborately designed and used as a functional coating on the LSBs separator. The abundant chemisorption sites of C3N4‐CoSe2 form chemical bonding with polysulfides, provides suitable adsorption energy for lithium polysulfides (LiPSs). More importantly, the spontaneously formed internal electric field accelerates the charge flow in the C3N4‐CoSe2 interface, thus facilitating the transport of LiPSs and electrons and promoting the bidirectional conversion of sulfur. Meanwhile, the lithiophilic C3N4‐CoSe2 sample with catalytic activity can effectively regulate the uniform distribution of lithium when Li+ penetrates the separator, avoiding the formation of lithium dendrites in the lithium (Li) metal anode. Therefore, LSBs based on C3N4‐CoSe2 functionalized membranes exhibit a stable long cycle life at 1C (with capacity decay of 0.0819% per cycle) and a large areal capacity of 10.30 mAh cm−2 at 0.1C (sulfur load: 8.26 mg cm−2, lean electrolyte 5.4 µL mgs−1). Even under high‐temperature conditions of 60 °C, a capacity retention rate of 81.8% after 100 cycles at 1 C current density is maintained.
Dynamics and clouds in planetary atmospheres from telescopic observations
Authors: Sánchez-Lavega Agustín , Irwin Patrick , García Muñoz Antonio 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis review presents an insight into our current knowledge of the atmospheres of the planets Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune, the satellite Titan, and those of exoplanets. It deals with the thermal structure, aerosol properties (hazes and clouds, dust in the case of Mars), chemical composition, global winds, and selected dynamical phenomena in these objects. Our understanding of atmospheres is greatly benefitting from the discovery in the last 3 decades of thousands of exoplanets. The exoplanet properties span a broad range of conditions, and it is fair to expect as much variety for their atmospheres. This complexity is driving unprecedented investigations of the atmospheres, where those of the solar systems bodies are the obvious reference. We are witnessing a significant transfer of knowledge in both directions between the investigations dedicated to Solar System and exoplanet atmospheres, and there are reasons to think that this exchange will intensity in the future. We identify and select a list of research subjects that can be conducted at optical and infrared wavelengths with future and currently available ground-based and space-based telescopes, but excluding those from the space missions to solar system bodies.
Families of degenerating Poincaré–Einstein metrics on $$\mathbb {R}^4$$
Authors: Alvarado Carlos A. , Ozuch Tristan , Santiago Daniel A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe provide the first example of continuous families of Poincaré–Einstein metrics developing cusps on the trivial topology$$\mathbb {R}^4$$R4. We also exhibit families of metrics with unexpected degenerations in their conformal infinity only. These are obtained from the Riemannian version of an ansatz of Debever and Plebański–Demiański. We additionally indicate how to construct similar examples on more complicated topologies.
Koszul Monoids in Quasi-abelian Categories
Authors: Savage Rhiannon 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSuppose that we have a bicomplete closed symmetric monoidal quasi-abelian category $$\mathcal {E}$$
E
with enough flat projectives, such as the category of complete bornological spaces $${{\textbf {CBorn}}}_k$$

CBorn
k

or the category of inductive limits of Banach spaces $${{\textbf {IndBan}}}_k$$

IndBan
k

. Working with monoids in $$\mathcal {E}$$
E
, we can generalise and extend the Koszul duality theory of Beilinson, Ginzburg, Soergel. We use an element-free approach to define the notions of Koszul monoids, and quadratic monoids and their duals. Schneiders’ embedding of a quasi-abelian category into an abelian category, its left heart, allows us to prove an equivalence of certain subcategories of the derived categories of graded modules over Koszul monoids and their duals.
Investigation of Graphene Oxide/Mesoporous Silica Supports for Enhanced Electrochemical Stability of Enzymatic Electrodes
Authors: Kaya Şevval , Şimşek Veli , Şahin Samet 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMesoporous silica materials (MSMs) are widely used materials in many applications due to their diverse pore structures. However, the electrical conductivity of MSMs is poor which limits their use in electrochemical applications. In this study, widely used MSMs of different structural properties such as MCM-41, MCM-48, SBA-15, and SBA-16 were synthesized and reinforced with graphene oxide (GO) to obtain conductive composite supports for enzyme immobilization. MSMs were first synthesized using a hydrothermal method and characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography, scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray, and MAPPING techniques. Aqueous dispersion of GO:MSM composites were prepared with as-synthesized materials and coated on screen-printed electrodes (SPE). The best composites were chosen based on their electroanalytical performance. Glucose oxidase (GOx) was then immobilized on modified SPEs using a simple drop-casting method to produce enzymatic electrodes. The electroanalytical performance of the enzymatic electrodes was investigated using different glucose concentrations to demonstrate biocatalytic activity. Stability tests were performed using intraday and interday measurements which revealed that SPE/GO:MCM-41/GOx electrode showed a more stable performance (3-folds) than SPE/GO/GOx electrode. This study presents an investigation of MSM mixed with GO in enzymatic electrochemical systems providing insight into the use of such materials to preserve enzyme activity.
Graphical Abstract
Solid electrolytes based on cellulose nanocrystals with protic ionic liquid for next-generation fuel cells
Authors: Jankowska I. , Bielejewski M. , Ławniczak P. , Pankiewicz R. , Tritt-Goc J. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe search for solid electrolytes which have good proton conductivity in anhydrous conditions, thermal and mechanical stability, and are at the same time environmentally friendly and easy to manufacture is a big challenge which we have undertaken. This work presents new solid electrolytes based on cellulose nanocrystals with protic ionic liquid 1-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide (PIL) which have been obtained and whose thermal and conductivity properties and nanoscale organization has been determined. Two membranes were synthesized which differ as to the amount of absorbed PIL. They show excellent thermal stability up to 200 °C. The maximum value of ionic conductivity is about 10−2 S/m at 200 °C in anhydrous conditions and falls in the range of 10−3–10−2 S/m for temperatures from 150 to 200 °C. The correlation between the transport properties of membranes and their nanostructure has been probed by solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The thermal and conductivity properties of the new materials can compete with currently available membranes. Further work on a composite with a similar chemical composition should lead to obtaining a membrane capable of operating in next-generation fuel cells (T > 120 °C).
Profiling Autism and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Traits in Children with SYNGAP1-Related Intellectual Disability
Authors: Wright Damien , Kenny Aisling , Mizen Lindsay A. M. , McKechanie Andrew G. , Stanfield Andrew C. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
SYNGAP1-related ID is a genetic condition characterised by global developmental delay and epilepsy. Individuals with SYNGAP1-related ID also commonly show differences in attention and social communication/interaction and frequently receive additional diagnoses of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). We thus set out to quantify ASD and ADHD symptoms in children with this syndrome. To assess ASD and ADHD, parents and caregivers of a child with SYNGAP1-related ID (N = 34) or a typically developing control (N = 21) completed the Social Responsiveness Scale-2, the Social Communication Questionnaire with a subset of these also completing the Conners-3. We found that those with SYNGAP1-related ID demonstrated higher levels of autistic traits on both the SRS and SCQ than typically developing controls. On the SRS, those with SYNGAP1-related ID scored highest for restricted repetitive behaviours, and were least impaired in social awareness. On the Conners-3, those with SYNGAP1-related ID also showed a high prevalence of ADHD traits, with scores demonstrating difficulties with peer relations but relatively low occurrence of symptoms for DSM-5 conduct disorder and DSM-5 oppositional defiant disorder. Hierarchical clustering analysis highlighted distinct SYNGAP1-related ID subgroups for both ASD and ADHD traits. These findings provide further characterisation of the SYNGAP1-related ID behavioural phenotype, guiding diagnosis, assessment and potential interventions.
Parenting Practices and Parenting Program Preferences of Chinese Immigrant Parents in New Zealand
Authors: Wei Yun , Keown Louise J. , Franke Nike , Sanders Matthew R. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractParticipation in evidence-based parenting programs benefits parents and children, but these programs have limited reach. This study utilized a mixed-method design to investigate the parenting concerns and parenting program needs of Chinese immigrant parents in New Zealand. Parents (n = 159) were surveyed about their perceived levels of child adjustment problems, parenting confidence, and parenting risk and protective factors. Parents’ knowledge and experience with parenting programs, and their program preferences were also examined. Eight Chinese parenting practitioners were interviewed about parenting challenges, parental concerns, and barriers to program participation of Chinese immigrant parents. Survey results showed that parents who gave their child higher ratings on behavior problems reported less parental self-efficacy, and more parental adjustment, family relationship, teamwork, and parenting difficulties. Parents’ knowledge and experience of available parenting programs was low. Barriers to program participation included time constraints, lack of program awareness, cultural and language barriers, and no childcare provision. Parents indicated a preference for a range of delivery options including group-based, seminar, and individually tailored programs. Program features most likely to influence attendance were content that addresses personally relevant issues and children’s self-development (such as coping with failure, managing negative emotions, and increasing confidence), and convenient location of program. Practitioners indicated that managing difficult child behavior and maintaining positive parent-child relationships were key parenting challenges. These concerns were linked to cultural expectations about child obedience, academic performance, and parent/grandparent relationships. Findings highlight program preferences that could be offered to meet Chinese immigrant parenting support needs and increase program participation.
MHD Flow in Simple Cubic Periodic Array Geometry
Authors: Buligins L. , Bucenieks I. , Grants I. , Kaldre I. , Kravalis K. , Mikanovskis O. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe aim of this study is to investigate the behaviour of liquid metal flow in Capillary Porous System (CPS) under strong external magnetic field. Overlapping simple cubic (SC) periodic array of electrically non-conducting spheres with diameter 6 mm and distance between spheres centres 5.6 mm is 3D printed from PLA electrically non-conducting filament. At room temperature, flow of up to 50 mL/s of In–Ga–Sn in pore space in magnetic field of superconducting magnet up to 5T is investigated. Three orientations of magnetic field in relation to the main flow in SC cell are considered—colinear with main flow and perpendicular to it. The values of Reynolds, Hartmann and Stuart numbers in experiment are up to 1160, 90 and 350, respectively. The results indicate that parallel to the main flow orientation of magnetic field has little influence on the flowrate, while perpendicular orientation strongly reduces flowrate with dependence close to 1/Ha, which agrees well with ANSYS Fluent simulations in a unit SC cell, resembling results for channel flow in magnetic field.
Battles of the Soul: Validation of the Scale of Religious and Spiritual Struggles (RSS) for the Portuguese Population
Authors: Tomás Carla , Moreira Ana 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis study aims to adapt and validate the Religious and Spiritual Struggles Scale for the Portuguese population. The sample consisted of 732 participants with various religious affiliations. The exploratory factor analysis showed that it consists of six dimensions, similar to the initial instrument. A KMO of 0.91 was obtained. The confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the existence of six factors and showed adequate fit indices. Internal consistency and construct reliability were above 0.70. The analysis of the psychometric qualities of this instrument indicates that it can be applied to the Portuguese population and is a valuable instrument for psychotherapeutic practice and studies in the psychology of religion and spirituality.
Like No Other? A Family-Specific Network Approach to Parenting Adolescents
Authors: Boele Savannah , Bülow Anne , Beltz Adriene M. , de Haan Amaranta , Denissen Jaap J. A. , de Moor Marleen H. M. , Keijsers Loes 
Published: December 2023

AbstractNumerous theories suggest that parents and adolescents influence each other in diverse ways; however, whether these influences differ between subgroups or are unique to each family remains uncertain. Therefore, this study explored whether data-driven subgroups of families emerged that exhibited a similar daily interplay between parenting and adolescent affective well-being. To do so, Subgrouping Group Iterative Multiple Model Estimation (S-GIMME) was used to estimate family-specific dynamic network models, containing same- and next-day associations among five parenting practices (i.e., warmth, autonomy support, psychological control, strictness, monitoring) and adolescent positive and negative affect. These family-specific networks were estimated for 129 adolescents (Mage = 13.3, SDage = 1.2, 64% female, 87% Dutch), who reported each day on parenting and their affect for 100 consecutive days. The findings of S-GIMME did not identify data-driven subgroups sharing similar parenting-affect associations. Instead, each family displayed a unique pattern of temporal associations between the different practices and adolescent affect. Thus, the ways in which parenting practices were related to adolescents’ affect in everyday life were family specific.
A semi-physical thermodynamic transient rolling resistance model with nonlinear viscoelasticity
Authors: Hyttinen Jukka , Österlöf Rickard , Jerrelind Jenny , Drugge Lars 
Published: December 2023

AbstractRolling resistance dictates a large part of the energy consumption of trucks. Therefore, it is necessary to have a sound understanding of the parameters affecting rolling resistance. This article proposes a semi-physical thermodynamic tyre rolling resistance model, which captures the essential properties of rolling resistance, such as transient changes due to temperature effects and the strain-amplitude dependency of the viscous properties. In addition, the model includes cooling effects from the surroundings. Both tyre temperature and rolling resistance are obtained simultaneously in the simulation model for each time step. The nonlinear viscoelasticity in rubber is modelled using the Bergström–Boyce model, where the viscous creep function is scaled with temperature changes. The cooling of the tyre is considered with both convective and radiative cooling. Moreover, the article explains different material parameters and their physical meaning. Additionally, examples of how the model could be used in parameter studies are presented.
Teachers gaming the system: exploring opportunistic behaviours in a low-stakes accountability system
Authors: Ferrer-Esteban Gerard , Pagès Marcel 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBased on the theoretical approaches of social capital and institutional trust, this paper seeks to identify contextual factors and conditions behind teacher behaviours which aim to alter the results of standardised tests in the Italian low-stakes accountability system. Numerous studies report significant factors associated with student cheating, but research into the factors of teacher-led opportunistic actions is scarce. Logistic regression models with fixed-effects at classroom level, with interaction terms, were carried out to identify factors increasing the likelihood of teacher misbehaviour. Models included approximately 79,100 primary, lower and upper secondary classrooms. Indicators of teacher cheating were estimated through algorithms based on suspicious answer strings from standardised tests. The results suggest that teacher cheating may be understood as a form of support for the most vulnerable students, since it is, to a greater extent, found helping low-income students, grade-retained students, as well as students in socially homogenous school settings. The findings also reveal that teacher cheating is consistently related to collectively share non-civic-minded behaviours and practices undertaken by teachers, which do not match legal requirements, such as within-school social segregation and exclusion of students from tests. Heterogeneous effects show that, even in classrooms with external controllers, the lower the civic capital in a school, the more misbehaviour are found. Relevant implications for research, social theory and policy are discussed.
Potential crop yield gains under intensive soybean/maize intercropping in China
Authors: Chen Guohui , Jiang Fahui , Zhang Song , Zhang Qin , Jiang Guanjie , Gao Bingke , Cao Guojun , Islam Mahabub U. I. , Cao Zhen , Zhao Xiaomin 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Aims
Intensive soybean/maize intercropping, a specific form of intercropping, holds promise in addressing the challenges posed by increasing food demands, diminishing cropland areas, deteriorating soil quality, and escalating environmental pollution.

Methods
To evaluate the potential of this system, we conducted a national meta-analysis, quantifying its absolute yield gain (net effect, NE) and land use efficacy (land equivalent ratio, LER). We further investigated the underlying mechanisms by examining local climate, soil properties, and field management practices and then developed random forest (RF) models to assess the system's potential, incorporating current information on natural resources.

Results
In China, an average NE of 3.2 ± 0.1 Mg ha−1 and LER of 1.4 ± 0.02 were achieved by intensive soybean/maize intercropping. The variance of NE was significantly influenced by air temperature (10%), soybean delay days (8%), and maize plant density (9%). Similarly, the LER was strongly driven by soybean delay days (14%), sunshine hours (11%), and maize density (10%). Notably, this intensive intercropping system efficiently utilizes available resources, such as light, temperature (heat), accumulated temperature, and soil nutrients, particularly in regions characterized by low soil fertility and limited agricultural resources. Ultimately, the RF model estimated substantial overyielding of 2 800 kg per hectare, representing approximately 1.4 times the current soybean and maize production under China's monoculture.

Conclusions
The implementation of intensive soybean/maize intercropping is highly beneficial throughout China, especially in areas with limited agricultural resources. The Yangtze River Basin, in potentially, emerges as the most suitable region for adopting this intensive intercropping practice.
Angler’s preferences, perceptions and practices regarding non-native freshwater fish
Authors: Banha F. , Gago J. , Margalejo D. , Feijão J. , Casals F. , Anastácio P. M. , Ribeiro F. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIt is globally recognized that freshwater anglers can have a decisive role in promoting fish introductions. The aim of this study was to analyze freshwater anglers’ actions and perceptions regarding fish introductions, comparing two distinct situations, one with recently arrived non-natives fishes and another with older fish introductions, using the Iberian Peninsula as a case study. To achieve this goal, a bilingual survey was implemented on-line in Portugal and Spain and in person (direct inquiries) in two Iberian regions: Lower Ebro (older fish introductions) in Spain; and Lower Tagus (recent fish introductions) in Portugal. Results showed spatial differences in perceptions and actions, namely about the target species, awareness of the impact of non-native fishes, fish introductions reported and proportion of anglers that wanted new fish species. In the Ebro river there is a high percentage of foreign anglers, higher awareness of fish introduction impact and lower introduction rates reported than in the Tagus river. However, popularity of non-native species like European catfish, was higher in the Ebro. In general, although risk behaviors such as use of fish as life bait was of low prevalence for both countries (approx. 5%), it corresponds to large numbers of fish being introduced. Our conservative estimates revealed 273,600 events of bait discharge per year. Regarding the intentional introductions, we estimated a total of 140,000 intentional introduction (illegal) events per year. These findings may help to improve monitoring, awareness and fisheries management programs led by governmental agencies.
Graphical abstract