bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceptions of COVID-19 Risk: How Did People Adapt to the Novel Risk?
Authors: Sepucha Karen , Rudkin Aaron , Baxter-King Ryan , Stanton Annette L. , Wenger Neil , Vavreck Lynn , Naeim Arash 
Published: January 2024

Background There is limited understanding of how risk perceptions changed as the US population gained experience with COVID-19. The objectives were to examine risk perceptions and determine the factors associated with risk perceptions and how these changed over the first 18 mo of the pandemic. Methods Seven cross-sectional online surveys were fielded between May 2020 and October 2021. The study included a population-weighted sample of 138,303 US adults drawn from a market research platform, with an average 68% cooperation rate. Respondents’ risk perception of developing COVID in the next 30 days was assessed at each time point. We examined relationships between 30-day risk perceptions and various factors (including sociodemographic features, health, COVID-19 experience, political affiliation, and psychological variables). Results COVID risk perceptions were stable across the 2020 surveys and showed a significant decrease in the 2021 surveys. Several factors, including older age, worse health, high COVID worry, in-person employment type, higher income, Democratic political party affiliation (the relatively more liberal party in the United States), low tolerance of uncertainty, and high anxiety were strongly associated with higher 30-d risk perceptions in 2020. One notable change occurred in 2021, in that younger adults (aged 18–29 y) had significantly higher 30-d risk perceptions than older adults did (aged 65 y and older) after vaccination. Initial differences in perception by political party attenuated over time. Higher 30-d risk perceptions were significantly associated with engaging in preventive behaviors. Limitations Cross-sectional samples, risk perception item focused on incidence not severity. Conclusions COVID risk perceptions decreased over time. Understanding the longitudinal pattern of risk perceptions and the factors associated with 30-d risk perceptions over time provides valuable insights to guide public health communication campaigns. Highlights The study assessed COVID-19 risk perceptions at 7 time points over 18 mo of the pandemic in large samples of US adults. Risk perceptions were fairly stable until the introduction of vaccines in early 2021, at which point they showed a marked reduction. Higher COVID-19 30-d risk perceptions were significantly associated with the preventive behaviors of masking, limiting social contact, avoiding restaurants, and not entertaining visitors at home.
Mechanical properties of a novel tri-component high stiff auxetic reinforced composite structure
Authors: Lolaki Asal , Zarrebini Mohammad , Mostofinejad Davood , Abtahi Sayyed Mahdi , Shanbeh Mohsen 
Published: January 2024

Helical Auxetic Yarn (HAY) possesses negative Poisson’s ratio. These yarns can be successfully used as reinforcing elements in composite materials. This paper proposes a novel tri-component helical auxetic structure capable of enhancing the initial modulus of HAY. The novel structure comprises a high modulus thin secondary core II positioned along the first low modulus thick primary core I. An additional stiff strand wraps the cores I and II. Using statistical techniques, evaluation of the secant modulus and not Young’s modulus was carried out and validated. The resultant structure was found to possess a relatively high elastic modulus in the range of 11–15 GPa. The structure exhibited an auxetic phenomenon of −62. It was revealed that such high stiffness auxetic yarn could successfully be utilized as reinforcing elements in high stiffness cost-effective auxetic composite structures.
A numerical study on effect of intra and inter spaced winding configuration on performance of oil forced transformer cooling system
Authors: Muralikrishna Yamala , Satyanarayana Reddy Seerapu Siva , Sahu Mithilesh Kumar , Mohan Jagadeesh Kumar M 
Published: January 2024

The present work aims at investigating, numerically, the heat transfer characteristics of transformer cooling system under forced circulation for three different winding configurations. The purpose of a transformer cooling system is to keep the hot spot temperature within the critical value for a long life of transformer, which increases with enhanced cooling of transformer windings. Thus, two different winding configurations are modeled by providing space within the windings (an intra-space model) and in between the windings (an inter-space model) to improve the fluid-solid interaction. A conventional winding, without spacing, is also modeled for comparative study. A 315 kVA, 3-phase core type transformer is taken as the base model from which the winding and core specifications are obtained analytically. Parameters chosen to measure the influence of winding configuration are local temperature distribution in the windings and core and maximum transformer temperature. Results are obtained for all three models with varying space for various cooling mediums like naphthenic oil, silicon oil, and synthetic ester oil at flow velocities ranging from 0.72 m/s to 2.16 m/s. It is observed that the gap between the windings, interspacing, decreases the secondary winding temperatures, while it increases the core and primary winding temperatures. However, the intra spacing configuration finds a drop in local temperatures at all locations of the transformer windings and core. The enhanced heat dissipation to the cooling agent, with intra spacing winding configuration, reduces the maximum transformer temperature. Contrasting to the above, the inter-space model has an adverse effect on maximum temperature at all widths of space considered. Quantitatively, the space within the transformer reduces the maximum temperature by 5% in comparison with the space between the windings. The increased velocity of the cooling medium, Naphthenic oil, from 0.72 m/s to 2.16 m/s reduces the maximum temperature by 4.5 units. The study made to know the role of cooling medium discloses that the synthetic ester oil shows better performance for reducing temperature values due to its highly viscous nature.
Reinsertion of tunneled-cuffed catheter in hemodialysis patients with catheter loss and limited access options
Authors: Jin Lizhu , Zhao Qiuyan , Sun Jibo , Cui Tianlei 
Published: January 2024

Purpose: Maintenance hemodialysis patients who rely on tunneled-cuffed catheters (TCCs) often face difficulty in reinserting a new catheter when the original catheter has been extruded or removed. Potential pathological changes of vessel caused by long-term indwelling of a catheter may contribute to this predicament. The aim of this study was to report and evaluate a re-catheterization technique through the same exit site and tunnel for hemodialysis patients with TCC loss. Methods: A retrospective review of 19 patients with TCC loss was conducted from January 2020 to August 2022. These patients underwent reinsertion through the same exit site and subcutaneous existing tunnel. Procedure-related complications and clinical follow-up data were collected. Results: All 19 patients with catheter loss underwent this procedure and the median duration of catheter loss was 14 days (5–57 days). Five of them had central venous occlusion, and four of them experienced catheter loss due to removal for catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBI). In the end, 18 case received successful catheterization using this technique. The most common complication was minimal bleeding after the operation. There were no procedure-related deaths or serious complications. The average blood flow was 265.79 ± 25.89 ml/min at the end of the follow-up period. Conclusion: This maneuver is a safe and convenient technique that can be used to reinsert a TCC for patients with long-time catheter loss. It helps to preserve the limited central venous resources for patients who have difficulty establishing other stable vascular access.
What is wellness? Investigating the importance of different domains of wellness among laypeople and experts: A survey study
Authors: Kauppi Krista J. , Roos Eira T. , Borg Patrik T. , Cantell Katarina S. , Torkki Paulus M. 
Published: January 2024

Aims: Lack of consensus on wellness has led to a vast number of different conceptualisations, which hinder international efforts to monitor individual-level wellness and social progress comparably. This study aimed to aid in the harmonisation of the concept by contributing to the scarce research on laypeople’s views on wellness. The study investigates whether the importance of different areas of wellness varies depending on age, gender, education or socio-economic position. Furthermore, considering that wellness models are often constructed by expert panels, this study aimed to shed light on how experts’ and laypeople’s views on wellness vary. Methods: Altogether, 1152 laypeople and 23 Finnish experts rated the importance of 61 systematic review-based wellness domains. Each domain received an ordinal number, which, together with the Mann–Whitney U-test or Kruskal–Wallis test, was used to examine the differences between the groups. Results: Thirteen wellness domains were found at the top of the lists, regardless of whether the results were analysed based on gender, age, education or socio-economic position. When looking at the priority order of different domains, we were able to identify several differences between the expert panel and laypeople. Conclusions: To ensure the relevance of wellness models, it is vital to understand the areas that laypeople consider to be important for their comprehensive wellness. This study offers 13 domains that could be combined with an expert view on wellness and used as a starting point for creating a more comprehensive, inclusive and better-suited wellness instrument.
Mental health problems among adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic: a repeated cross-sectional study from Sweden
Authors: Källmen Håkan , Hallgren Mats 
Published: January 2024

Objective: Most international studies have concluded that exposure to the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with worse mental health. Sweden implemented lighter restrictions than many other countries. We evaluated the association between changes in exposure of COVID-19 restrictions and changes in mental health problems among Swedish adolescents. Method: Repeated cross-sectional data were derived from the Stockholm school survey, mandatory for all students in municipal schools and voluntary for students in private schools. Unexposed students were assessed in the year 2020 and exposed were assessed in 2022. Mental health was assessed using items similar to the psychosomatic problem scale. All variables were dichotomised, and a non-parametric logistic regression was used to evaluate associations. Results: A significant positive association was found between exposure of COVID-19 restrictions and self-reports of five to seven mental health problems a week for girls (odds ratio (OR) 1.29, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.18–1.41), but a non-significant association was found for boys (also after controlling for relevant covariates). Among boys and girls (shown), changes in mental health during the pandemic were moderated by social support from parents (OR 2.23, 95% CI 1.98–2.51), bullying victimisation (OR 2.24, 95% CI 2.06–2.66), a sensation-seeking temperament (OR 1.40, 95% CI 1.24–1.58) and school achievement (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.18–1.51). Conclusions: Compared with boys, adolescent girls self-reported worse mental health following COVID-19 exposure. Girls may have been more affected by social distancing regulations in Sweden during the pandemic than boys and may require additional psychosocial support post-pandemic. Social support from parents may play an important role.
Unlocking Prevalence Data: Describing the Job Stress and Well-being of U.S. Correctional Nurses
Authors: Keller Elizabeth G. , Hittle Beverly M. , Boch Samantha J. , Davis Kermit G. , Gillespie Gordon L. 
Published: January 2024

Background: Little is known about the health and well-being of U.S. correctional nurses. To protect correctional nurses, a better understanding of organizational characteristics, job stress, and well-being must be undertaken. Method: A cross-sectional design was used in the form of an online survey. Correctional nurses were conveniently recruited using national listservs and snowball sampling. Variables were measured with the Health & Safety Executive Management Standards Indicator Tool, Nurse Wellbeing Index, and the Perceived Stress Scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and analyses of variance. Findings: Two hundred seventy participants (142 registered nurses, 83 licensed practical nurses/licensed vocational nurses, and 42 advanced practice nurses) completed the survey. Job stress scored moderate ( M = 16.26, SD = 7.14), and well-being levels were just below the risk for adverse events ( M = 1.8, SD = 3.06). Lower scores were noted for managerial support ( M = 3.13, SD = 0.35) and job demands ( M = 3.56, SD = 0.92), but slightly better for job control ( M = 3.57, SD = 0.77), peer support ( M = 3.85, SD = 0.64), and workplace relationships ( M = 3.73, SD = 0.95). Conclusions: Significant differences between organizational characteristics, job stress, and well-being were found across nursing licensure, workplace environments, biological sex, and employment through state or private agencies. Registered nurses working in U.S. prisons experienced the highest job stress and worse well-being. Application to Practice: This work is an essential next step in promoting healthy workspaces, urging the need for further research establishing the impact of organizational characteristics and job stress on nurse well-being.
Patient expectations and understanding of diagnosis entering an interdisciplinary chronic pelvic pain program: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Jago Caitlin Anne , Lachance Caroline , Varshney Vishal , Nasr-Esfahani Maryam , Robert Magali 
Published: January 2024

Background: Chronic pelvic pain is a complex condition. Few studies have focused on patient expectations of diagnosis and treatment in female chronic pelvic pain populations. Not knowing this information can lead to disparity and frustration between provider care and patient expectations resulting in poor patient outcomes. The aim of this study was to explore patient expectations and understanding of diagnosis prior to engaging in an interdisciplinary pelvic pain program. Methods: This is a cross sectional study of women enrolled in a tertiary Chronic Pain Center pelvic pain program in May 2019. Data were extracted from intake questionnaires to classify demographic variables and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Expectations and diagnoses were clustered in themes. Student’s t-test was used to compare biomedical focus and biopsychosocial focus groups to the Pain Disability Index (PDI) and the EQ-5D results, and to compare self-reported diagnoses with treatment expectations between groups. Results: When asked about perceived diagnosis, 74% reported a gynecologic cause for their pain, 25.7% reported musculoskeletal causes, and 21.9% reported other health conditions. For treatment expectations: 46.6% believed they required rehabilitation, 30.8% responded “I don’t know”, and 21.2% reported perceived need for medication. There was no difference in PDI or EQ-5D scores between patients who identified perceived treatment options and those who reported “I don’t know”. Conclusions: Most patients identified a perceived cause for their pain, but there was uncertainty and ambiguity about treatment options. Understanding and addressing the perception and expectations of individuals is imperative to patient-centered care and can lead to improved outcomes.
Genome-wide association study reveals serovar-associated genetic loci in Riemerella anatipestifer
Authors: Yang Zhishuang , Yang Xueqin , Wang Mingshu , Jia Renyong , Chen Shun , Liu Mafeng , Zhao Xinxin , Yang Qiao , Wu Ying , Zhang Shaqiu , Huang Juan , Ou Xumin , Mao Sai , Gao Qun , Sun Di , Tian Bin , Zhu Dekang , Cheng Anchun 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
The disease caused by Riemerella anatipestifer (R. anatipestifer, RA) results in large economic losses to the global duck industry every year. Serovar-related genomic variation, such as the O-antigen and capsular polysaccharide (CPS) gene clusters, has been widely used for serotyping in many gram-negative bacteria. RA has been classified into at least 21 serovars based on slide agglutination, but the molecular basis of serotyping is unknown. In this study, we performed a pan-genome-wide association study (Pan-GWAS) to identify the genetic loci associated with RA serovars.

Results
The results revealed a significant association between the putative CPS synthesis gene locus and the serological phenotype. Further characterization of the CPS gene clusters in 11 representative serovar strains indicated that they were highly diverse and serovar-specific. The CPS gene cluster contained the key genes wzx and wzy, which are involved in the Wzx/Wzy-dependent pathway of CPS synthesis. Similar CPS loci have been found in some other species within the family Weeksellaceae. We have also shown that deletion of the wzy gene in RA results in capsular defects and cross-agglutination.

Conclusions
This study indicates that the CPS synthesis gene cluster of R. anatipestifer is a serotype-specific genetic locus. Importantly, our finding provides a new perspective for the systematic analysis of the genetic basis of the R anatipestifer serovars and a potential target for establishing a complete molecular serotyping scheme.
Whole blood stimulation provides preliminary evidence of altered immune function following SRC
Authors: Di Battista Alex P. , Rhind Shawn G. , Shiu Maria , Hutchison Michael G. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPurposeTo implement an approach combining whole blood immune stimulation and causal modelling to estimate the impact of sport-related concussion (SRC) on immune function.MethodsA prospective, observational cohort study was conducted on athletes participating across 13 university sports at a single academic institute; blood was drawn from 52 athletes, comprised of 22 athletes (n = 11 male, n = 11 female) within seven days of a physician-diagnosed SRC, and 30 healthy athletes (n = 18 female, n = 12 male) at the beginning of their competitive season. Blood samples were stimulated for 24 h under two conditions: (1) lipopolysaccharide (lps, 100ng/mL) or (2) resiquimod (R848, 1uM) using the TruCulture® system. The concentration of 45 cytokines and chemokines were quantitated in stimulated samples by immunoassay using the highly sensitive targeted Proximity Extension Assays (PEA) on the Olink® biomarker platform. A directed acyclic graph (DAG) was used as a heuristic model to make explicit scientific assumptions regarding the effect of SRC on immune function. A latent factor analysis was used to derive two latent cytokine variables representing immune function in response to LPS and R848 stimulation, respectively. The latent variables were then modelled using student-t regressions to estimate the total causal effect of SRC on immune function.ResultsThere was an effect of SRC on immune function in males following SRC, and it varied according to prior concussion history. In males with no history of concussion, those with an acute SRC had lower LPS reactivity compared to healthy athletes with 93% posterior probability (pprob), and lower R848 reactivity with 77% pprob. Conversely, in males with a history of SRC, those with an acute SRC had higher LPS reactivity compared to healthy athletes with 85% pprob and higher R848 reactivity with 82%. In females, irrespective of concussion history, SRC had no effect on LPS reactivity. However, in females with no concussion history, those with an acute SRC had higher R848 reactivity compared to healthy athletes with 86% pprob.ConclusionWhole blood stimulation can be used within a causal framework to estimate the effect of SRC on immune function. Preliminary evidence suggests that SRC affects LPS and R848 immunoreactivity, that the effect is stronger in male athletes, and differs based on concussion history. Replication of this study in a larger cohort with a more sophisticated causal model is necessary.
IgG antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and its influencing factors in lymphoma patients
Authors: Xie Huan , Zhang Jing , Luo Ran , Qi Yan , Lin Yizhang , Han Changhao , Li Xi , Zeng Dongfeng 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
The ability of generating effective humoral immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection has not been clarified in lymphoma patients. The study aimed to investigate the antibody (Ab) production after SARS-Cov-2 infection and clarify the factors affecting the Ab generation in these patients.

Patients & methods
80 lymphoma patients and 51 healthy controls were included in this prospective observational study. Clinical factors and treatment regimens affecting Ab positive rate (APR) and Ab levels were analyzed by univariate and multivariate methods.

Results
The anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG APR and Ab levels in lymphoma patients were significantly lower than those in healthy controls. Lymphoma patients with COVID-19 vaccination had significantly higher APR and Ab levels compared with those without vaccination. Additionally, the use of dexamethasone for COVID-19 treatment had a negative impact on Ab levels. For the impact of treatment regimens on the APR and Ab levels, the results showed that patients treated with ≥ 6 times CD20 monoclonal Ab (mAb) and patients treated with autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) prior to infection produced a statistically lower APR and Ab levels compared with those treated with 1–5 times CD20 mAb and those treated without ASCT, respectively. Furthermore, multiple regression analysis indicated that the number of anti-CD20 treatment was an independent predictor for both APR and Ab levels.

Conclusions
Humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection was impaired in lymphoma patients partly due to anti-CD20 and ASCT treatment. COVID-19 vaccination may be more needed for these patients.
Degree of COVID-19 severity and mortality in stroke: correlation of clinical and laboratory parameters
Authors: Gofir Abdul , Satriotomo Irawan , Syamsah Yossy Catarina Budi Nur , Rochmah Mawaddah Ar , Setyawan Tommy Rachmat , Mianoki Adika , Silalahi Raymond Aris Nimrod Alvonsius , Nugroho Dhite Bayu 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Stroke is one of the neurological manifestations of COVID-19, leading to a significant risk of morbidity and mortality. Clinical manifestations and laboratory parameters were investigated to determine mortality predictors in this case.

Method
The case control study was conducted at Dr. Sardjito General Hospital,Yogyakarta, Indonesia, with data collected between July 2020 and August 2021. All recorded clinical and laboratory data from acute stroke patients with confirmed COVID-19 were collected. Baseline characteristics, bivariate, and multivariate analyses were assessed to determine significant predictors for mortality.

Result
This study involved 72 subjects with COVID-19 and stroke. The majority experienced ischemic stroke, with hypertension as the most prevalent comorbidity. Notably, 45.8% of subjects (p < 0.05) loss of consciousness and 72.2% of exhibited motor deficits (p < 0.05). Severe degree of COVID-19 was observed in 52.8% of patients, with respiratory distress and death rates of 56.9% and 58.3%. Comparison of surviving and deceased groups highlighted significant differences in various clinical and laboratory characteristics differences. Hazard ratio (HR) analysis identified loss of consciousness (HR = 2.68; p = 0.01), motor deficit (HR = 2.34; p = 0.03), respiratory distress (HR = 81.51; p < 0.001), and monocyte count (HR:1.002; p = 0.04) as significant predictors of mortality.

Conclusion
Mortality in COVID-19 patients with stroke was significantly associated with loss of consciousness, motor deficit, respiratory distress, and raised monocyte count. The risk of mortality is heightened when multiple factors coexist.