bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Современные биосоциотехногенные тренды трансформации человека Часть I
Authors: Олейников Юрий Васильевич 
Published: January 2024

<p>В первой части статьи рассматриваются два важных фактора: экологический и социальный, оказывающих в настоящее время влияние на телесную и социальную трансформацию человека.</p><p>Первый — во многом определял и определяет биологическую трансформацию Homo sapiens с момента его становления. Однако современное — актуальное бытие человека как биологического организма в большей мере подвержено воздействию экологических факторов, обусловленных антропогенным изменением биогенных констант окружающей человека среды, которые в своей совокупности оказывают синергийное, разностороннее влияние на его телесные трансформации. Тренды этих трансформаций чрезвычайно трудно предвидеть, но, согласно законам эволюции живого вещества, они в большей степени неблагоприятны для развития нашего биологического вида. В статье предметно рассматриваются некоторые конкретные механизмы и отдельные проявления действия экологических факторов трансформации биологии человека.</p><p> Еще более стремительно меняются социальные условия бытия современного общества, которые определяют тренды эволюции социальности — социальных качеств — конкретных людей. Этот процесс подвержен не только воздействию объективных условий существования меняющегося общества, но и направляется целенаправленной деятельностью людей. К сожалению, в условиях становления постиндустриального общества, довольно отчетливо проявляется тренд на инфантилизацию человека и общества как фактора осуществления цели мирового истеблишмента — реализации концепции «конца истории», т. е. сохранения сложившейся современной господствующей формы организации социальной жизнедеятельности общества. Особое внимание уделено влиянию системы образования и средств массовой коммуникации на процессы формирования социальной зрелости человека и общества и их целенаправленной инфантилизации.</p>
Молодежь России на переломе эпох
Authors: Карпухин Олег Иванович , Комиссаров Сергей Николаевич 
Published: January 2024

<p class="Default">На основе данных новейших социологических исследований жизненных судеб и ценностей молодежи в условиях обострения геополитической ситуации в мире и культурно-информационной экспансии Запада против России проведен анализ изменений, происходящих ныне в среде российской молодежи, показаны различные аспекты государственной молодежной политики.</p><p class="Default"> В целом события в Малороссии и усиление гибридной войны против России привели к усилению консолидации нашего общества, повышению доверия к политической власти и укреплению убежденности в особом пути развития страны с опорой на национальные ценности.</p><p class="Default">Социологические данные свидетельствуют о том, что большая часть молодежи «встраивается» в существующий социальный порядок со всеми его недостатками. Ее социальный оптимизм и созидательный потенциал востребован не только на поле боя, но и во всех сферах общественной жизни, прежде всего в «прорывных» областях научно-технологического развития страны, на которые власть и бизнес делает ставку в условиях беспрецедентного санкционного давления со стороны Запада. Курс на мобилизационное обновление российского общества связан и с подключением к его реализации молодежи региональной России, и с запросом на социальную справедливость и эффективность управления страной. Потребность и решимость в осуществлении этого курса подтверждается высокой степенью межпоколенческого транзита, исключающего разрыв поколений, особенно во взглядах на настоящее и будущее России, что свидетельствует о социальной устойчивости и воспроизводстве ценностных матриц и цивилизационного кода России. Полноценное включение молодежи в осуществление идеи вхождения страны в число мировых лидеров, объединяющих человечество на идеалах и принципах равноправия, напрямую зависит от способности государства провести социальные преобразования, позволяющие реализовать личностный творческий потенциал каждого во всех сферах общественной жизни.</p>
Pleural effusion in a pediatric ward: clinical feature, etiology and outcome
Authors: Adnan Mohammad Ahad , Hossain M. Delwar , Haque M. Rezaul , Islam Tania , Ahmed Ifthakhar , Datta Uttam Kumar 
Published: January 2024

Background: Pleural effusion is a common respiratory complication in children. We aimed to document clinical feature, etiology, biochemical parameters and outcome of the admitted children with pleural effusion.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2022 to June 2023 at pediatric ward of ICMH. All children from 6 months to 14 years presented with clinical features suggestive of pleural effusion and later supported by radiology and ultrasonography of chest either at presentation or owing to other systemic illness were enrolled. Children aged below 6 months, associated chronic illness and parental denial of giving consent were excluded. In indicated cases pleural fluid was tapped and sent to laboratory for physical, biochemical examination, staining, culture, GeneXpert, LDH and ADA assay.
Results: Out of 43 children, 19 underwent pleural tap and rest were managed conservatively. Most of the children were in between 2 to 6 years. There were 22 male and 21 female. Unilateral effusion was found in 25 children and 18 children developed bilateral effusion. All the children had documented fever. Other symptoms were cough, respiratory distress, chest pain, weight loss, abdominal pain, jaundice and blood mixed sputum. Physical signs correlated classical effusion features. The etiologies included DF, TB, para-pneumonic effusion, empyema, nephrotic syndrome, malignancy, acute viral hepatitis, heart failure and acute pancreatitis. There was no mortality and long-term complication in non-malignant cases.
Conclusions: DF outnumbered other causes of pleural effusion in recent times owing to recent Dengue outbreak. Tubercular effusion was leading cause among cases undergoing pleural tap.
Assessment of the prevalence of meningitis in clinically suspected cases of early and late onset neonatal sepsis
Authors: Singh C. P. , Seep Swadha 
Published: January 2024

Background: Meningitis is more common in the neonatal period than any other time in life and is an important cause of morbidity and mortality globally. In India, rate of neonatal sepsis is reported 0.5 per 1000 live births. The major burden of neonatal sepsis and meningitis occurs in the developing world. According to WHO estimates there are approximately 5 million neonatal deaths in a year. The objective of the study is to assess the prevalence of meningitis in neonates with clinical suspicion of sepsis.
Methods: The study was conducted among suspected cases of neonatal septicemia in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), department of pediatrics, VPIMS, Lucknow. It is a prospective observational study. A total of 180 neonates were included in the study.
Results: Out of 180 neonates, CSF examination of 131 (72.78%) neonates was normal, of 37 (20.56%) was suggestive of meningitis. Prevalence of meningitis in neonatal sepsis was 20.0%. It was 18.0% in early neonatal sepsis and 32.6% in late neonatal sepsis cases.
Conclusions: The findings of present study suggested that there is a high risk of meningitis among neonatal sepsis cases. Cases with risk factors like twin birth, anemia, low TLC, low platelet count, acid-base imbalance and X-ray findings suggestive of pneumonitis should be kept in a high-risk category.
Second look, in primary site recurrence or second primary for T1 and T2 glottic cancer treated by CO2 laser
Authors: Luna-Ortiz Kuauhyama , Villavicencio-Valencia Veronica , Luna-Peteuil Zelik , Villavicencio-Valencia Diana , Garcia-Ortega Doria Y. , Pasche Philippe 
Published: January 2024

Background: Aim was to analyze the impact of second-look surgery in the surveillance of T1 and T2 glottic cancer treated with CO2 laser.
Methods: Retrospective review of 98 patients treated between February 2005 and December 2022.
Results: Among 98 patients with early glottic cancer (T1/T2), 56 (57%) with suspected recurrence underwent a second-look surgery. Of all patients, 38 (38.77%) recurred 6 months after initial resection, 17 of which (45%) had a lesion in a different site from the primary. Of these 38 patients, 22 (58%) underwent laser surgery once, 12 (32%) underwent laser surgery twice, and 4 (10%) underwent laser surgery on three occasions during follow-up. The 5-year disease-free survival, 5-year survival, and larynx preservation rates were, respectively, 54%, 82%, and 90.8%.
Conclusions: Transoral resection is currently the first treatment option for early-stage glottic carcinoma because diagnosis and prompt treatment can be provided on an outpatient basis at the same time.
Modified radical mastoidectomy in chronic otitis media: year outcome post-surgery
Authors: Lahane Vaibhav J. , Mishra Swati , Modi Devanshi , Jani Sagar 
Published: January 2024

Background: Cholesteatoma is defined as erosive process, eroding ossicular chain, scutum, otic-capsule, fallopian canal and tegmun. Surgical management of cholesteatoma includes mastoidectomy. The aim of the study was to focuss on MRM: indications and outcomes of procedure.
Methods: This study aims at knowing the indications and outcome of MRM after 1 year in terms of success rate, efficacy and patient’s satisfaction. It involves study over 42 patients who underwent surgery and were followed over a period of one year post surgery.
Results: After 1 year of MRM 64.27% showed hearing improvement, 95.2% had dry and settled cavity, and there was no post-operative facial palsy, and SNHL.
Conclusions: MRM is a procedure of choice for COM with extensive disease of mastoid. A meticulous and skilled MRM gives a well fashioned mastoid cavity with minimum or no recurrence/post-operative complications with a satisfactory hearing outcome.
Transformation of secondary vocational education in the context of technological changes
Authors: Listvin A. A. , Garth M. A. 
Published: January 2024

Introduction. Modern socio-economic realities associated with a new technological transition necessitate serious structural and substantive changes in the system of vocational education and training. In the 21st century, most countries of the world have faced increasing problems of inconsistency of the structure of modern vocational education with the new technological order and changing personnel demands of the economy. The problems are particularly acute in the Russian system of secondary vocational education, which has been in the mode of reform since the mid-90s of the last century and is designed to play a major role in professional self-determination and the formation of youth.Purpose setting. The objectives of the article are to analyze trends and factors that determine the need for status, structural and substantive changes in the Russian system of vocational education and training.Methodology and methods of the study. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study was the theory of continuing professional education (A. M. Novikov), integrative theory of multilevel continuing professional education (A. P. Belyaeva), professionology (E. F. Zeer), skills of the 21st century (A. J. Rotherham, D. Willingham). Methods of comparative and retrospective analysis of statistical data of Russian and international studies, content analysis of websites of secondary vocational education institutions were used in the work.Results. The results of the study are: the analysis of trends and factors determining changes and improving the efficiency of the functioning of vocational education and training systems; identification of factors of synchronization of the Russian system of secondary vocational education, the labor market and the personnel needs of enterprises; substantiation of the need for status and structural changes in the system of Russian secondary vocational education.Conclusions. The practical significance of the research is to demonstrate the possibilities of retrospective, prognostic and comparative analyses in assessing the activities of secondary vocational education and training institutions, their transformation into other educational systems.
Humanization and sovereignization as a strategy for reforming and development of Russian education. Part 1. Russia's sovereign path in education
Authors: Kornienko N. A. 
Published: January 2024

Introduction. Russia defends its humanitarian sovereignty when upbringing, education, culture, politics, films are built on our traditions and values, which are not outside, but inside a person, in his mind, since these are mental components, worldview components.Purpose setting. The education system should work for the formation and development of the country's human capital. Without solving this problem, the country will not have a sovereign education, which means there will be no future. It is necessary to change the paradigm of higher education, we need a new Russian national model. A professional school should be not just a «forge of personnel», but a center for the spiritual transformation of a specialist's personality, a source of spirituality for his thoughts, words and deeds. It is necessary to educate a real citizen, a patriot who knows the history and culture of his country well.Methodology and methods of the study. Based on the key points of the sovereignization of Russian education, which naturally abandoned the Bologna system of education. Methodology for understanding the current situation in education, analytical report «The Future of Higher Education in Russia: an Expert View. Foresight-study-2030».Results. Russian education until recently, with the implemented Bologna system, developed exclusively as an extractive social institution. For more than twenty years, this most important sphere of social life, the importance of which in maintaining and developing the sovereignty of the country cannot be overestimated, was literally «broken over the knee» to please the West. The main changes in the system of higher education caused by this participation are outlined. Joining the Bologna process has received an ambiguous and even contradictory assessment in the professional community.Conclusions. Now a situation has developed in society that makes the problem of finding a new semantic component of the fundamentalization of education, the essence of which is the realization that the future fate of human civilization will be determined not only by the intellectual and educational, but also by the spiritual and moral potential of society and people, i. e. by humanization and sovereignization. This is the value of Russia.
Regional government head's leadership: Competences, psychological features, means of development
Authors: Solovyov A. A. , Lizunov V. V. , Staurskaya N. V. 
Published: January 2024

Introduction. The article presents the results of research on the transformation of the political system of modern Russia, updating regional governance and analyzing the personalities of regional leaders, the process of replacing governors of the «old» generation with those of the «new» generation, meeting the requirements of the federal government and the expectations of the population, the correspondence of the personal qualities of governors to the challenges of our time.Purpose setting. The purpose of the study is to determine the types of leadership of heads of Russian regions and to define the current factors of their formation.Methodology and methods of study. The research is based on studying the nature of leadership behavior of regional leaders in modern Russia. The data obtained are correlated with strategic objectives in the field of training management personnel responsible for regional development, the features of the managerial style and positioning of governors are considered, as well as the influence of these factors on economic development and the formation of the image of the region is evaluated.Results. The authors of the study found that at the moment in Russia a corps of governors of the «new wave» is actively being formed, which are characterized by such features of image and behavior as active communication with the population (including through social networks), involvement in the implementation of the state agenda and the opportunity lobbying for the interests of the region, readiness to quickly respond to events and appeals, involvement in resolving issues related to the special military operation.Conclusion. As an example of the effective manifestation of leadership of the head of the region, the leadership style of the governor of the Omsk Oblast V. P. Khotsenko is considered.
Features of academic professional and personal identity of students with disabilities
Authors: Koptyaeva S. V. 
Published: January 2024

Introduction. The article substantiates the relevance and feasibility of studying the characteristics of the educational, professional and personal identity of students with disabilities. The need to take into account the characteristics and find ways to effectively and efficiently manage the formation and development of educational, professional and personal identity of students with disabilities is emphasized.Purpose setting. Purpose of the study is the analysis of the characteristics of the educational, professional and personal identity of students with disabilities.Methodology and methods of the study. Research methods are the theoretical analysis and synthesis of issues related to the educational, professional and personal identity of students with disabilities. The methodological basis of the study was a systematic approach to understanding the characteristics of the educational, professional and personal identity of students with disabilities.Results. Currently, there are theoretical tasks of identifying the characteristics of the educational, professional and personal identity of students with disabilities, overcoming the contradictions associated with attempts to comprehend the specifics of identity and other socio-psychological characteristics of groups of students who are extremely diverse in the nature of their existing health limitations. One of the leading problems is related to the divergence of researchers' ideas about the existence, sources and nature of such differences: some researchers believe that many differences between students with and without disabilities are exaggerated. Other researchers believe that these differences are downplayed, underestimated, or insufficiently and accurately described.Conclusion. The author summarizes the results of research into the characteristics of the educational, professional and personal identity of students with disabilities. The importance and promise of systemic, holistic work in the context of the formation and development of educational, professional and personal identity of students with disabilities is emphasized: providing conditions for the formation and development of mature educational, professional and personal identity of students with disabilities.
Complement detection on trophozoite stage Plasmodium falciparumparasites using flow cytometry or Western blot
Authors: Opi Herbert , Beeson James 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Pathogen-specific antibodies that recruit complement have been associated with protection in several diseases, including malaria. Antibodies bind to C1q via their Fc-region, initiating the classical complement cascade. This involves the sequential recruitment of serum complement proteins including C3, which is cleaved to form the opsonising fragment C3b, and C5, 6, 7, 8 and 9, which form a membrane attack complex and lyse parasites. This protocol describes two methods to measure complement-fixing antibodies against Plasmodium falciparum parasites, specifically antibodies targeting P. falciparuminfected red blood cell surface expressed antigens during the trophozoite stage of development (e.g. PfEMP1). Briefly, parasites are incubated with antibodies and a source of complement (e.g. fresh normal human serum) to allow antibody binding/opsonization and resultant complement-fixation to the antigen-antibody complex. Antibody-bound complement is detected using complement-specific antibodies via either flow cytometry or Western blot. This assay can be used to specifically measure C1q-recruitment by antibodies, or downstream complement activation by assessing C3 or C5 – 9 components.
Recognition of Higher Fullerene Isomers with Low-Symmetry Coordination Cages
Authors: Sun Qing-Fu , Guo Xiao-Qing , Yu Pengwei , Zhou Li-Peng , Hu Shao-Jun , Duan Xiao-Fang , Cai Li-Xuan , Bao Lipiao , Lu Xing 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

The discovery of buckminsterfullerene (C60) marked a significant milestone in exploring three-dimensional carbon materials. However, exponentially increasing isomerism on higher fullerenes pose a considerable challenge in their recognition and separation. Herein, we designed two pseudo-cubic metal-organic cages (MOCs, T and S4) with distinct cavity microenvironments, which showcase remarkable recognition specificity toward higher fullerene isomers. Compared to cage T, a symmetry shift from S4 to C2 emerges upon encapsulating an ellipsoidal D2-C76 guest, due to the precise shape matching curtails guest rotation. Furthermore, cage S4 demonstrates heightened sensitivity toward distinguishing a pair of highly similar constitutional isomers of C2v-C78. The approach of reducing symmetry positions MOCs as promising candidates for encapsulating and identifying a broader spectrum of fullerene isomers, paralleling the selectivity observed in biological systems.
Efficacy of Advance Care Planning Support by Decision Aid in Intensive Care Patients: A Pilot Randomized Trial
Authors: YAMAMOTO Kanako 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

BackgroundPatients treated in the intensive care unit (ICU) may sometimes undergo abrupt transitions to the end of life. In the past, supporting treatment decisions for such patients has been a challenge. Researchers have developed a patient decision aid (PtDAs) to support advance care planning (ACP) in critical care patients during the perioperative period. Clinical feasibility studies showed that patient PtDAs can be implemented clinically. A pilot randomized trial was conducted to evaluate the PtDA’s clinical diffusion and efficacy.MethodsThe PtDAsintervention was developed according to international standards. This study used an online panel from a private Japanese research company. Participants completed surveys in March and April 2023. The patients were treated in the intensive care unit after surgery. The control group was provided with a pamphlet explaining the ACP procedure, and the intervention group was provided with a decision aid. The measures used in the study included the SURE test, which assesses the quality of decision-making, understanding of life-sustaining treatments, and the need to arrange ACP. The survey was conducted from March–April 2023.ResultsThe intervention group had a significantly higher quality of decision-making regarding life-sustaining treatment than the control group (p< .05). However, there was no difference in their understanding of life-sustaining treatments. Both groups were aware of the need for further medical explanations regarding the treatment details related to assisted circulation devices and dialysis in the ICU. The participants had to be witnessed by a medical provider when discussing ACP with a surrogate decision-maker. Additionally, there is a need for mental support from surrogate decision-makers and families following ACP discussions.ConclusionsDecision-aided ACP support can help patients undergoing intensive care after surgery make satisfactory decisions. In this case, the inclusion of counseling and coaching by the medical provider might facilitate the sharing of thoughts and feelings between the patient and the surrogate decision-maker. Discussing desires regarding ACP between the patient and surrogate decision-maker can reduce the burden on the surrogate decision-maker when life-sustaining treatment decisions must be made.