bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Violence and race in professional baseball: Getting better or getting worse?
Authors: Timmerman Thomas A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between race and violence in the context of professional baseball. Specifically, I used the number of times a batter was hit by a pitch (per plate appearance) as an indicator of being the victim of an indirect violent act. Archival data were gathered from 4,273 players from 1950 to 1997, yielding 27,022 individual records. Even after controlling for player ability and league rules, race was a significant predictor of being hit. Specifically, from 1950 to 1997, the rate at which Blacks were hit was approximately 7.5% greater than the rate for Whites. The rate at which Hispanics were hit was approximately 7.6% greater than the rate for Whites. Testing year as a moderator revealed that the Black‐White difference was much greater in the 1950s and 1960s. From 1970 to 1989, race was not a significant predictor of being hit. Contrary to the hypotheses, from 1990 to 1997, Whites and Hispanics were hit at a significantly higher rate than Blacks (23.0% and 29.0%, respectively). Additional analyses revealed no relationship between pitcher race and batter race in hit‐by‐pitch events from 1997 to 1999. The findings are discussed with respect to group threat theory and the distinction between covert and overt aggression. Aggr. Behav. 28:109–116, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Aggression and psychopathology in adolescents with a preference for violent electronic games
Authors: Funk Jeanne B. , Hagan Jill , Schimming Jackie , Bullock Wesley A. , Buchman Debra D. , Myers Melissa 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAssociations between a preference for violent electronic games and adolescents’ self‐perceptions of problem behaviors and emotions were examined. It was predicted that a preference for violent games would be associated with negative externalizing characteristics, in particular aggressive emotions and behaviors, on the Youth Self‐Report (YSR), a standardized self‐report measure of adolescent problem behaviors. Thirty‐two 11‐ through 15‐year‐olds (17 girls) listed and categorized favorite electronic games into one of six predetermined categories and completed the YSR. MANOVA revealed significant relationships between a preference for violent games and the Thought Problems subscale (P < .01) and YSR Total Score (P < .05), with trends noted for the Internalizing (P < .06) and Anxious‐Depressed (P < .08) subscales. Expected relationships with externalizing behaviors, including aggression, were not found. However, across all YSR subscales, children with higher preference for violent games had more clinically significant elevations than those with low preference for violent games. On the Total Problems subscale, of the eight children receiving scores in the clinically significant range, six were in the High preference group (three boys and three girls). The failure to find the expected relationships between a preference for violent games and aggressive, externalizing behaviors is puzzling. It is possible that individuals with a preference for violent games may have high exposure to all forms of media violence. Their perceptions of their own behavior, in comparison, may not seem sufficiently aggressive to justify endorsement of problems in this area. Or, playing violent electronic games may promote a disconnection between the emotions normally associated with violence and violent acts. These explanations are consistent with a desensitization model where exposure to media violence decreases sensitivity to aggression. Aggr. Behav. 28:134–144, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
γ‐Radiation–induced emulsion graft copolymerization of MMA onto jute fiber
Authors: Khan F. , Ahmad S. R. , Kronfli E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractGraft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) onto jute substrate was carried out using gamma radiation (60Co) both by the preirradiation and “simultaneous irradiation and grafting” methods in an aqueous emulsion system. The variation of graft weight with radiation dose, intensity of radiation, and irradiation environment was investigated. In the case of the preirradiation method, irradiation in air produced up to 30% graft weight compared to only 20% obtained when the irradiation was conducted in nitrogen environment. In this method the graft copolymerization reaction was initiated by reactive species having different life times, some of which were very long. In simultaneous irradiation and grafting method, the graft weight passes through a maximum value (∼15%) with radiation dose and graft weight limited due to excessive homopolymerization. A comparative study on the mechanical properties of samples grafted by both preirradiation and simultaneous irradiation and grafting methods was carried out. The results showed that the method of grafting has significant influence on the mechanical properties of grafted jute. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 21: 132–140, 2002; Published online in Wiley Interscience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/adv.10016
Product diffusion and the demand for new food products
Authors: Duval Yann , Biere Arlo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper extends the theory of product diffusion associated with consumer demand for new products. New food products encompass both truly new branded or value‐added products and nontraditional food and agricultural products introduced from another region or culture. Bass's new‐product diffusion theory is integrated with economic demand models to develop simple diffusion–demand models to account, simultaneously, for the diffusion process and for the traditional effects of price and income. Models are tested using widely available aggregate trade data on nontraditional fruits consumed in Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, France, and England. Dynamic diffusion–demand models outperform both the standard diffusion model and the static double‐log demand model—in and out of sample—and produced parameter estimates for price and income that differ from those obtained with models without a diffusion process. [Econ‐Lit citations: L660, C200, C530]. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Extracellular accumulation of bioactive substances during preparation and storage of various platelet concentrates
Authors: Edvardsen Lisbeth , Taaning Ellen , Dreier Bettina , Dalh Christensen Lisa , Mynster Tommie , Nielsen Hans Jørgen 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundSide effects of platelet transfusion may be associated with infusion of bioactive substances. We therefore studied extracellular accumulation of histamine, plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)‐1, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and interleukin (IL)‐6 during preparation and storage of various platelet concentrates.MethodsTwenty buffy‐coat‐derived platelet pools (BCPC) were prepared and stored in platelet additive solutions (PAS). Twelve apheresis platelet (APC) units were prepared using the COBE Spectra LRS, and 14 were prepared using the Fenwal Amicus Separator. After preparation half of the content was drawn from each APC unit. The normal ranges of the substances were determined in plasma from all donors, and the extracellular concentrations of the substances were determined in supernatants collected on days 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 of storage from all platelet preparations.ResultsThe platelet counts were not significantly different in BCPC units and APC units. The BCPC units had a significantly higher white cell count than the APC units (P < 0.0001), but the count was significantly higher in the Amicus APC units than in the COBE APC units (P < 0.0001). The extracellular histamine concentration was significantly (P < 0.001) increased in BCPC units after preparation and without further increase during storage, while there was no accumulation of histamine in APC units. After preparation the PAI‐1 concentration was significantly (P < 0.02) higher in BCPC units than in APC units, but during storage PAI‐1 increased significantly (P < 0.05) more in APC units than in BCPC units. Similarly, VEGF concentration was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in BCPC units than in APC units after preparation. During storage, however, VEGF increased more in BCPC units compared with COBE Spectra APC units (P < 0.05), but compared with Amicus Separator APC units only for the first 3 days of storage. At days 5 and 7 of storage the VEGF concentration was significantly higher in the Amicus APC units than in the COBE APC units (P < 0.05). IL‐6 was not detectable in any of the concentrates after preparation or during storage.ConclusionPlatelet concentrates prepared by the apheresis method may contain less white cell derived bioactive substances than platelet concentrates prepared by the buffy‐coat method. However, a substantial storage time dependent platelet derived bioactive substance accumulation takes place in all platelet concentrates tested, presumably due to platelet disintegration. Am. J. Hematol. 67:157–162, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular characterization of hemoglobin C in Thailand
Authors: Sanchaisuriya Kanokwan , Fucharoen Goonnapa , Sae‐ung Nattaya , Siriratmanawong Nirut , Surapot Sutja , Fucharoen Supan 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe describe hematologic and DNA characterization of 12 hemoglobin C heterozygotes and three compound heterozygotes for hemoglobin C and hemoglobin E found in Thailand. Amplification and DNA analysis of genomic DNA by the polymerase chain reaction procedure permitted the identification of the βC mutation at codon 6 of β‐globin gene (β 6; GAG–AAG). β‐Globin gene haplotype analysis demonstrated that all βC globin genes detected in these Thai individuals were associated with the haplotype (+ − − − − − +), indicating a non‐African origin of this abnormal hemoglobin in Thailand. On routine hemoglobin typing, hemoglobin C is usually mistakenly identified as hemoglobin E because of theirs similar mobilities on cellulose acetate electrophoresis. The simple DNA assay for hemoglobin C based on an allele‐specific polymerase chain reaction for accurate diagnosis of hemoglobin C was therefore developed. Am. J. Hematol. 67:189–193, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Influences of chorion type on measurements of the corpus callosum in adult monozygotic male twins?
Authors: Reed Terry , Pfefferbaum Adolf , Sullivan Edith V. , Carmelli Dorit 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMRI imaging was used to estimate volumes of corpus callosum structure in 45 pairs of identical (monozygotic, MZ) twins from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) twin study. Age range of the study subjects was from 68–78 years. Finger, palm, and footprint data (dermatoglyphics) collected at previous examinations of the NHLBI twin study were available for 39 pairs. The dermatoglyphics were scored for an index to retrospectively assess chorion type in MZ twin‐pairs. The results indicated an association between variability in various structures of the corpus callosum with some of these dermatoglyphic traits, suggesting greater structural variation within pairs with dichorionic placentas. In contrast, total intracranial volume, which has similar heritability estimates as a result of shared genetic effects with the corpus callosum, was unrelated to the dermatoglyphic traits. The results provide indirect evidence that the intrauterine environment may influence twin‐pair similarity of corpus callosum measures in adults. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 14:338–346, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
New STR at the D5S373 locus and its relevance in human population studies
Authors: Luis J.R. , Dios S. , Carril J.C. , Herrera R. , Caeiro B. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe genetic analysis of a new trinucleotide repeat (D5S373) was carried out with a view to its application in both individual genetic profiling and human population genetics. In a screening analysis from seven world populations (n = 706) and after nucleotide sequence analysis, up to nine alleles were found corresponding to 8–13 repetitions of a TAA motif. This analysis shows He values ranging between 0.689–0.762. D5S373 reveals interpopulational variability which leads to specific frequency profiles in the major human groups, with alleles 8, 11, l2, and 13 being particularly informative, which suggests the that this marker may be of interest in the biological study of human populations. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 14:347–350, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
New data on the genetic structure of the population of Sicily: Analysis of the Alia population (Palermo, Italy)
Authors: Ghiani M.E. , Calò M.C. , Autuori L. , Mameli G.E. , Succa V. , Vacca L. , Cerutti N. , Rabino Massa E. , Vona G. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe distribution of 13 genetic markers (AB0, Rh, ACP, ADA, AK, ESD, GLO, PGD, PGMl, SOD, GC, TF, and PI) were studied in a sample from the Alia population of Sicily, Italy. A total of 34 alleles were detected. In comparison with other Sicilian populations, Alia always appeared genetically distinctive, either in terms of overall genetic diversity or for the number of unique alleles present. The results are consistent with previous studies that show no genetic uniformity within the island. More specifically, the data support the genetic divergence of the eastern and western halves of the island and highlight genetic boundaries that run through Sicily and divide it into three distinct areas. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 14:289–299, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Test‐retest reliability of the Upper Extremity Questionnaire among keyboard operators*†
Authors: Salerno Deborah F. , Franzblau Alfred , Armstrong Thomas J. , Werner Robert A. , Becker Mark P. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundQuestionnaires are often used in research among workers although few have been tested in the working population. The Upper Extremity Questionnaire is a self‐administered questionnaire designed for epidemiological studies and tested among workers. This study assessed reliability of the instrument.MethodsA two‐part assessment was conducted among 138 keyboard operators as part of a large medical survey. Test‐retest reliability was analyzed using the kappa statistic, paired t‐test, and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Logistic regression models were used to test the effect of demographic and work‐related factors on reliability.ResultsThe average respondent was a white woman, age 35 years, with some college education, in permanent employment with tenure of 1.4 years. Overall, reports of symptoms were stable from Round 1 to 2. Most kappa values for symptom reports were between 0.60 and 0.89. Kappa values for right and left hand diagrams were 0.57 and 0.28, respectively. Among psychosocial items, Perceived Stress and Job Dissatisfaction Scales were most reliable (ICC = 0.88); co‐worker support was least reliable (ICC = 0.44).ConclusionReliability of items on the Upper Extremity Questionnaire were generally good to excellent. Reports of symptom severity and interference with work were less stable. Demographic and work‐related factors were not statistically significant in modeling the variation in reliability. Repeated use of the questionnaire with similar results suggests findings are applicable to a larger working population. Am. J. Ind. Med. 40:655–666, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc
Assessment of upper extremity role functioning in students
Authors: Katz Jeffrey N. , Amick Benjamin C. , Hupert Nathaniel , Cortes Marissa C. , Fossel Anne H. , Robertson Michelle , Coley Christopher M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundUpper extremity symptoms associated with use of computers and other upper extremity activities are common in students. Research on these disorders requires psychometrically sound measures of health‐related student role function; no such measure is available currently.MethodsBased upon input from students and clinicians, we developed a 10‐item scale to measure student health‐related role function. The measure was administered as part of a survey of 193 undergraduates at one university. A follow‐up survey was administered 1 month later. The student health‐related role function questionnaire was assessed for internal consistency, ceiling effects, convergent and discriminant validity, and responsiveness to self‐reported change in functional status.ResultsEighty‐two percent of students who were given the survey completed it and 65% completed a follow‐up survey 1 month later. The new measure was reliable (Cronbach's α 0.87). Forty‐six percent of respondents reported “no difficulty” on all items of the health‐related student role function measure while 64% reported “no difficulty” on all items of a generic upper extremity functional status measure. This finding indicates that the new measure was better able to detect functional limitations; it had a less prominent ceiling effect. The new measure had moderately high correlations with measures of symptom severity and pain, documenting convergent validity. It distinguished students who utilized clinician services, medications, or academic accommodation from students who did not utilize these resources, documenting discriminant validity. The measure was responsive to self‐perceived change, as demonstrated by a highly significant association (P < 0.0001) between changes in score over a 1‐month follow‐up and students' perceptions of whether they had improved in functional abilities after the month, deteriorated or remained stable.ConclusionsThe student health‐related role functioning measure is reliable, valid and responsive to change. It is an appropriate measure for research on upper extremity symptoms in students. Am. J. Ind. Med. 41:19–26, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pesticide use and pesticide‐related symptoms among black farmers in the Agricultural Health Study*†
Authors: Martin Stephen A. , Sandler Dale P. , Harlow Siobán D. , Shore David L. , Rowland Andrew S. , Alavanja Michael C.R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundHealth effects of pesticides have not been well studied in black farmers. We describe agricultural practices and pesticide‐related symptoms in North Carolina black and white farmers participating in the Agricultural Health Study.MethodsSelf‐administered questionnaires were completed by 891 black and 11,909 white farmers licensed to apply restricted pesticides. Regression models were used to compare characteristics by race.ResultsBlack farmers reported lower lifetime pesticide use, less use of each class of pesticides (e.g., herbicides, insecticides), less use of high exposure application methods, and fewer pesticide‐related symptoms such as headaches or dizziness, skin irritation, chest discomfort and feeling nervous or depressed than did white farmers.ConclusionsDifferences between black and white farmers may be explained by farm characteristics or economics. Despite lower use of pesticides, black farmers may have other work practices that affect exposure and risk. Am. J. Ind. Med. 41:202–209, 2002. Published 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role of work permits in teen workers' experiences
Authors: Delp Linda , Runyan Carol W. , Brown Marianne , Bowling J. Michael , Jahan Shamim Ara 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundWork permits are required for working teenagers under 18 in 41 US states, but little is known about the work experience of those with work permits compared with those without such permits. This study examines job hazards, training, and knowledge of child labor laws reported by students in a predominantly Latino high school in Los Angeles and compares the responses of those who obtained work permits with those who did not.MethodsStudent responses to a 60 item questionnaire were supplemented with information from focus groups and a survey of work permits issued by the school.ResultsStudents without work permits were more likely to perform hazardous tasks and to use certain types of dangerous equipment and less likely to receive health and safety training than those with permits.ConclusionPossible explanations for the findings and suggested areas in need of policy change or research are considered. Am. J. Ind. Med. 41:477–482, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis in a metal‐working environment
Authors: Hodgson Michael J. , Bracker Anne , Yang Chin , Storey Eileen , Jarvis Bruce J. , Milton Donald , Lummus Zana , Bernstein David , Cole Solon 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundAn outbreak of lung disease among workers in a metal‐working plant included 16 biopsy‐confirmed cases of hypersensitivity pneumonitis and additional patients with asthma, bronchiolitis and emphysema, usual interstitial pneumonitis, and sarcoidosis.Study designClinical examination of patients; cross‐sectional questionnaire survey of the outbreak plant and two control plant areas, one with and one without MWF exposures, in a separate facility; industrial hygiene survey with laboratory characterization of microbial flora; and immunological investigation.MethodsPatients with suspected hypersensitivity pneumonitis underwent a clinical examination including detailed lung function, imaging, and tissue studies. A plant walk‐through identified metal‐working processes, microbial aerosols, and work practices. Microbial characteristics of the three microbial aerosol‐producing processes were characterized. Antibodies to those agents were determined in patient sera. A questionnaire survey was conducted in the case plant and in two areas of a control plant, one with and one without metal‐working fluids exposure.ResultsThirty‐nine (79.6%) patients described symptoms consistent with work‐related lung disease, eight received other diagnoses, and two did not complete their examinations. Sixteen patients had hypersensitivity pneumonitis confirmed on biopsy. Mean decrements in lung forced expiratory volume in 1 s and force vital capacity from before to after work were similar in the 16 biopsy‐confirmed cases of hypersensitivity pneumonitis ( − 6.3%; − 7.2%) and the 19 symptomatic patients without biopsies ( − 11.2%, − 10.1%). Symptoms were more common in the case plant than in a non‐MWF control plant area. Three sources of water‐based aerosols were identified that grew similar microbial flora. Although machining increased airborne bacterial levels, the increase was not related to the concentration of viable bacteria in the sumps. Antibody testing did not identify a specific single organisms. Endotoxin levels were similar in case and MWF control plant.ConclusionsLung disease in environments with water‐based aerosols may be more common than usually recognized. Patients with HP often present with only subtle abnormalities and may be missed if multiple clinical abnormalities are required to document disease. Am. J. Ind. Med. 39:616–628, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Distinctive enchondromatosis with spine abnormality, regressive lesions, short stature, and coxa vara: Importance of long‐term follow‐up
Authors: Kozlowski K.S. , Masel J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe report a girl with a unique type of enchondromatosis observed from birth to puberty. Radiographic abnormalities documented at the age of 14 months included distinctive spondylometaphyseal enchondromatous types of lesions with minimal involvement of the short tubular and flat bones. Follow‐up radiographic examinations documented progressive coxa vara and hypoplasia/dysplasia of the left ulna. At puberty, the short tubular bones appeared normal. There was marked regression of the flat bone, rib, and spinal lesions. This case shows the importance of long‐term observation of unclassified forms of skeletal dysplasia. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.