bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unipolar Hemiarthroplasty, Bipolar Hemiarthroplasty, or Total Hip Arthroplasty for Hip Fracture in Older Individuals
Authors: Okike Kanu , Prentice Heather A. , Chan Priscilla H. , Fasig Brian H. , Paxton Elizabeth W. , Bernstein Joseph , Ahn Jaimo , Chen Foster 
Published: November 2023

Background:
Practice patterns regarding the use of unipolar hemiarthroplasty, bipolar hemiarthroplasty, and total hip arthroplasty (THA) for femoral neck fractures in older patients vary widely. This is due in part to limited data stipulating the specific circumstances under which each form of arthroplasty provides the most predictable outcome. The purpose of this study was to investigate the patient characteristics for which unipolar hemiarthroplasty, bipolar hemiarthroplasty, or THA might be preferable due to a lower risk of all-cause revision.

Methods:
A U.S. health-care system’s hip fracture registry was used to identify patients ≥60 years old who underwent unipolar hemiarthroplasty, bipolar hemiarthroplasty, or THA for hip fracture from 2009 through 2021. Unipolar and bipolar hemiarthroplasty were compared with THA within patient subgroups defined by age (60 to 79 versus ≥80 years) and American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification (I or II versus III); patients with an ASA classification of IV or higher were excluded. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was used to evaluate all-cause revision risk while adjusting for confounders, with mortality considered as a competing risk.

Results:
There were 14,277 patients in the final sample (median age, 82 years; 70% female; 80% White; 69% with an ASA classification of III; median follow-up, 2.7 years), and the procedures included 7,587 unipolar hemiarthroplasties, 5,479 bipolar hemiarthroplasties, and 1,211 THAs. In the multivariable analysis of all patients, both unipolar (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.15, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.48 to 3.12; p < 0.001) and bipolar (HR = 1.92, 95% CI = 1.31 to 2.80; p < 0.001) hemiarthroplasty had higher revision risks than THA. In the age-stratified multivariable analysis of patients aged 60 to 79 years, both unipolar (HR = 2.17, 95% CI = 1.42 to 3.34; p = 0.004) and bipolar (HR = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.08 to 2.65; p = 0.022) hemiarthroplasty also had higher revision risks than THA. In the ASA-stratified multivariable analysis, patients with an ASA classification of I or II had a higher revision risk after either unipolar (HR = 3.52, 95% CI = 1.87 to 6.64; p < 0.001) or bipolar (HR = 2.31, 95% CI = 1.19 to 4.49; p = 0.013) hemiarthroplasty than after THA. No difference in revision risk between either of the hemiarthroplasties and THA was observed among patients with an age of ≥80 years or those with an ASA classification of III.

Conclusions:
In this study of hip fractures in older patients, THA was associated with a lower risk of all-cause revision compared with unipolar and bipolar hemiarthroplasty among patients who were 60 to 79 years old and those who had an ASA classification of I or II.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Long-standing Ulnar Wrist Pain Caused by an Anatomic Variant of the Ulnar Nerve
Authors: Nakui Ryusei , Iwamoto Takuji , Kimura Hiroo , Suzuki Taku , Matsumura Noboru , Nakamura Masaya 
Published: November 2023

Case:
We present a 28-year-old woman with long-standing left ulnar wrist pain. Physical examination revealed severe tenderness over the pisiform; imaging findings were normal. Surgical exploration revealed compression of an aberrant branch, likely Kaplan's accessory branch, around the pisiform. Complete symptom relief was achieved after nerve decompression.

Conclusion:
Clinical symptoms associated with Kaplan's accessory branch are rare, indicating that many branches may be asymptomatic or overlooked despite the presence of symptoms. Kaplan's accessory branch should be considered as a potential differential diagnosis for refractory ulnar wrist pain.
Disparities in Prevalence of COVID-19, Long COVID, Disease Severity, and Mental Health Outcomes among US Adults by Industrial Sector of Employment, September-November 2022
Authors: Singh Gopal K , Kim Lyoung Hee , Lee Hyunjung , Azuine Romuladus E. 
Published: November 2023

Background: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has had a major adverse impact on people’s health and well-being in the United States (US) and globally. Although inequalities in COVID-19 prevalence and to a lesser extent in Long COVID and related mental health impact among US adults have been documented, disparities in COVID-related outcomes by industrial sector of employment, an important social determinant, have not been studied. Using the latest nationally representative data, we examine disparities in COVID-19, Long COVID, and associated mental health impact among US adults aged ≥18 years by industrial sector.
Methods: Using three consecutive rounds of the US Census Bureau’s Household Pulse Survey from September 14 to November 14, 2022 (N=148,813), disparities in COVID-related outcomes by industrial sector were modeled by multivariable logistic regression after controlling for race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, health insurance, and other demographic characteristics.
Results: During September–November 2022, an estimated 117 million or 48.7% of US adults reported having been diagnosed with COVID-19; 34.3 million or 29.4% of COVID patients reported developing Long COVID; 14.7 million or 12.6% of COVID patients reported experiencing severe COVID symptoms; 10.7% of COVID patients reported serious depression, and 17.8% reported serious anxiety. Adjusted for covariates, workers in wholesale trade, finance and insurance, educational services, healthcare, social assistance, and accommodation and food services had 30-39% higher odds of being diagnosed with COVID-19 than workers in the agricultural sector. Workers in social assistance, real estate, utilities, construction, and healthcare sectors had 48-102% higher adjusted odds of developing Long COVID than workers in wholesale trade.
Conclusion and Implications for Translation: Marked disparities in COVID-related outcomes existed, with workers in employment industries such as healthcare, social assistance, real estate, arts and entertainment, and accommodation and food services being at increased risk of COVID-19 diagnosis, Long COVID, severe COVID symptoms, serious depression, and anxiety. Equitable access to social services and healthcare, including mental and behavioral health services, among workers afflicted with these conditions is critical to reducing inequities in COVID-related health outcomes.

Copyright © 2023 Singh et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0.
Individualized Design and Field Application of Annular-Groove Polycrystalline Diamond Composite Bit
Authors: Huang Kuilin , Fu Cheng , Li Yong , Zhou Jian , Yang Yingxin , Feng Yueqiang 
Published: November 2023

Summary
Aiming at the problems of slow drilling speed, low service life, and poor stability of conventional polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) bits in deep formations that are difficult to drill, a new annular-grooved PDC bit is proposed. The bit adopts discontinuous tooth arrangement to set cutters, and a circumferential annular groove around the center of the bit is set on the bit body to form a fragile convex annular ridge at the bottom of the well, improving the bit’s ability to invade the formation and its rock-breaking efficiency. Combined with the formation characteristics of Shapai 11 well and Shixi 102 well in Xinjiang Oil Field, the PDC bit crown shape, annular-groove design, cutter selection, and other aspects are designed individually, and the dynamic rock-breaking and hydraulic characteristics of the annular-groove PDC bit are simulated and analyzed. Finally, two PDC bits with different diameters are developed—a Φ215.9-mm annular-groove PDC bit and the field application bit. The field application bit results show that compared with the bit in the same layer of adjacent wells, the mechanical penetration rate of the annular-groove PDC bit is increased by 29.8–176.7%, and the footage is increased by 142.5–273.1%. It is concluded that the annular-groove PDC bit can significantly reduce the rock-breaking energy consumption of the bit and improve the mechanical rate of penetration (ROP) of the bit. At the same time, the raised annular ridge can reduce the lateral vibration of the bit and extend the service life of the bit, which will accelerate the exploration and development of deep difficult-to-drill formations. It is of positive significance to reduce drilling costs.
PhyloBench: a Benchmark for Evaluating Phylogenetic Programs
Authors: Spirin Sergey , Sigorskikh Andrey , Efremov Aleksei , Penzar Dmitry , Karyagina Anna 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Motivation. Phylogenetic inference based on protein sequence alignment is a widely used procedure. Numerous phylogenetic algorithms have been developed, most of which have many parameters and options. Choosing a program, options, and parameters can be a nontrivial task. No benchmark for comparison of phylogenetic programs on real protein sequences is publicly available.
Results. We have developed PhyloBench, a benchmark for evaluating the quality of phylogenetic inference, and used it to test a number of popular phylogenetic programs. PhyloBench is based on natural, not simulated, protein sequences of orthologous evolutionary domains. The measure of accuracy of an inferred tree is its distance to the corresponding species tree. A number of tree-to-tree distance measures were tested. The most reliable results were obtained using the Robinson–Foulds distance. Our results confirmed recent findings that distance methods are more accurate than maximum likelihood and maximum parsimony. We tested the bayesian program MrBayes on natural protein sequences and found that it is superior to maximum likelihood, but inferior to distance methods. Of the methods we tested, the Balanced Minimum Evolution method implemented in FastME yielded the best results.
Availability. Alignments and reference species trees are available at https://mouse.belozersky.msu. ru/tools/phylobench/ together with a web-interface that allows for a semi-automatic comparison of a user’s method with a number of popular programs.
Advancing agricultural sustainability through improved management practices in China
Authors: Gu Baojing , Duan Jiakun , Zhang Xiuming , Ren Chenchen , Liu Hongbin , Wang Chen , Cheng Luxi , Xu Jianming 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Enhanced agricultural management practices hold the potential to drive agricultural sustainability1, 2, a facet that is rarely quantified at the grassroots level. In this study, we conduct an analysis of nitrogen use and loss in Chinese cropland, drawing from data collected from 2,238,550 sites in two national agricultural pollution source censuses spanning from 2007 to 2017. Our findings reveal a significant upswing of 10% in crop yields and an impressive 8% reduction in nitrogen pollution during this period. This positive shift can be attributed to the promotion and adoption of various agricultural management practices in China, including the combination of organic and chemical fertilizers, no-tillage farming, straw recycling, and deep-placement of fertilizer. These practices have collectively contributed to an 18% increase in nitrogen use efficiency within the country. Moreover, by fully embracing these advanced practices, we project that annual cropland pollution could experience a further reduction of up to 1.7 million tonnes of nitrogen without compromising crop yield. Importantly, the benefits of these measures, encompassing both environmental and human health advantages, are expected to consistently outweigh the implementation costs in the future, with total benefits reaching as high as US$15 billion.
DPSCs Regulate Epithelial-T Cells Interactions in Oral Submucous Fibrosis
Authors: Wang Shuyan , Zhang Sijia , Meng Hongfang , Xu Haoqing , Guo Zhenxing , Yan jianfei , Gao Jialu , Niu Lina , Wang Songling , Jiao Kai 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a precancerous lesion characterized by fibrous tissue deposition, and the incidence is positively correlated with the degree of betel nut chewing. Prolonged betel nut chewing can damage the integrity of oral mucosal epithelium, leading to chronic inflammation and local immunological derangement, while the underlying cellular events driving fibrogenesis and dysfunction are incompletely understood. Currently, OSF has few treatment options, with limited therapeutic effectiveness. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) have been recognized for their anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrosis capabilities, making them promising candidates to treat a range of immune, inflammatory, and fibrotic diseases. However, the application of DPSCs in OSF is inconclusive.
Methods A human cell atlas of oral mucosal tissues using single-cell RNA sequencing to delve into the underlying mechanisms was compiled. The epithelial cells were re-clustered to observe the heterogeneity of OSF epithelial cells and the cell communication relationship with immune cells. The results were validated in vitro, in clinicopathological sections and in animal models. In vivo, the therapeutic effect and mechanism of DPSCs were characterized by histological staining, immunohistochemical staining, SEM and AFM.
Results A unique epithelial cell population, Epi1.2, with proinflammatory and profibrotic functions was predominantly found in OSF. They also induced the fibrosis process in fibroblasts by interacting with T cells through the receptor-ligand crosstalk between macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF)-CD74 and C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4). Furthermore, we developed OSF animal models and simulated the clinical local injection process in rat buccal mucosa using DPSCs to assess their therapeutic impact and mechanism. In the OSF rat model, DPSCs demonstrated superior therapeutic effects compared with the positive control (glucocorticoids), including reducing collagen deposition and promoting blood vessel regeneration. DPSCs were mediated immune homeostasis primarily by regulating the numbers of Epi1.2 and epithelial-stromal crosstalk.
Conclusions Given the current ambiguity surrounding the cause of OSF and the limited treatment options available, our work provides new insights into the mechanism of OSF and reveals the therapeutic promise of DPSCs.
A novel synergistic antimicrobial mechanism of azalomycin F acting on lipoteichoic acid synthase and cell envelope
Authors: Yuan Ganjun , Luo Zilong , Li Pingyi , Zhang Duoduo , Zhu Jianping , Wang Wan , Zhao Wenjia , Li Pei-bo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) plays an essential role in bacterial growth and resistance to antibiotics, and LTA synthetase (LtaS) was considered as an attractive target for combating Gram-positive infections. Azalomycin F, a natural guanidyl-containing polyhydroxy macrolide, can target the LTA of Staphylococcus aureus. To clarify the detailed mechanism, here the experimental results indicated that azalomycin F can accelerate the LTA release and disrupt the cell envelope, and also led to the feedback upregulation on the expressions of LtaS and other related enzymes. Simultaneously, the reconstituted enzyme activity evaluations showed that azalomycin F can significantly inhibit eLtaS, the extracellular catalytic domain of LtaS. Subsequently, the fluorescence analyses for five incubation systems, together with mass spectroscopy analyses and molecular dockings, indicated that azalomcyin F can spontaneously bind to LtaS active center involving the binding sites of substrates and the LTA prolongation. All these concluded that azalomycin F can inhibit LTA biosynthesis through the interactions of its guanidyl side chain with LtaS active center, and disrupt cell envelope through the synergistic effect of accelerating the LTA release, damaging the cell membrane and electrostatically interacting with LTA. Thereout, it presents a novel synergistic antimicrobial mechanism, and which would eventually the autolysis of S. aureus.
Parasagittal dural space is linked to cerebrospinal fluid in young children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Agarwal Nivedita , Frigerio Giulia , Losa Letizia , Ciceri Tommaso , Mani Elisa , Lanteri Fabiola , Molteni Massimo , Carare Roxana , Peruzzo Denis 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

The parasagittal dura (PSD), a tissue that lines the walls of the superior sagittal sinus, acts as an active site for immune-surveillance, promotes the reabsorption of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and facilitates the removal of metabolic waste products from the brain. CSF is important for the distribution of growth factors that signal immature neurons to proliferate and migrate. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by altered CSF dynamics. In this retrospective study, we investigated potential correlations between PSD volume, brain structure volumes, and clinical severity scales in young children with ASD. We employed a Deep Learning based approach to extract PSD volume from 3D-T2 Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery sequences. PSD volumes did not change with age but was significantly correlated with extra-axial CSF volume and severity of developmental delay. These findings suggest that children with ASD may have a maldeveloped PSD that potentially perturbs CSF dynamics affecting neurodevelopment.
Observational evidence of stratospheric cooling and surface warming due to increase of stratospheric water vapor by Hunga-Tonga Hunga-Ha’apai
Authors: Veenus Venugopal , Das Siddarth Shankar 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The stratospheric water vapour injected on the eruption of the submarine volcano, Hunga-Tonga Hunga Ha’apai, caused cooling in the stratosphere and warming in the surface. The surface temperature observed by the India Meteorological Department from 350 ground stations shows a warming of ∼ 4 K. This is accompanied by the stratospheric cooling observed from COSMIC-2 radio occultation measurements. The ERA5 assimilated data over the Indian region also shows a similar cooling during the month of March 2022. The radiative cooling due to the Tonga-injected water vapour is confirmed by the model simulations using the radiative-convective model. The concurrent warming points to the influence of stratospheric water vapour in the surface temperature anomaly over the Indian region.
Computer Vision Object Tracking on Navigators in a Modular, Sequence-Independent Motion Compensation Pipeline
Authors: Wampl Stefan , Körner Tito , Meyerspeer Martin , Zaitsev Maxim , Wolf Marcos , Trattnig Siegfried , Wolzt Michael , Bogner Wolfgang , Schmid Albrecht Ingo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Magnetic resonance (MR) acquisitions of the torso are frequently affected by respiratory motion with detrimental effects on signal quality. The motion of organs inside the body is typically decoupled from surface motion and is best captured using rapid MR imaging (MRI). We propose a pipeline for quantitative prospective motion correction using MR image navigators of the target organ.
Our method is designed to feature multi-nuclear interleaving for non-proton MR acquisitions and to tolerate local transmit coils with inhomogeneous field and sensitivity distributions. OpenCV object tracking was introduced for rapid estimation of in-plane displacements in 2D MR images. A full three-dimensional translation vector was derived by combining displacements from slices of multiple orientations. The pipeline was implemented on 3 T and 7 T MR scanners and tested in phantoms and volunteers. Fast motion handling was achieved with low-resolution 2D MR image navigators and direct implementation of OpenCV into the MR scanner’s reconstruction pipeline. Motion-phantom measurements demonstrate high tracking precision and accuracy with minor processing latency. The feasibility of the pipeline for reliable in-vivo motion extraction was shown on heart and kidney data. Organ motion was manually assessed by two independent operators to quantify tracking performance. Object tracking performed convincingly on 7774 navigator images from phantom scans and different organs in volunteers. In particular the kernelised correlation filter (KCF) achieved similar accuracy (74 %) as scored from interoperator comparison (82 %) while processing at a rate of over 100 frames per second. We conclude that fast 2D MR navigator images and computer vision object tracking can be used for accurate and rapid prospective motion correction. This and the modular structure of the pipeline allows for the proposed method to be used in imaging of moving organs and in challenging applications like cardiac magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) guided radiotherapy.
Stereoselective Assembly of C-oligosaccharides via Modular Difunctionalization of Glycals
Authors: Liang Yong-Min , Ding Ya-Nan , Xu Mei-Ze , Huang Yan-Chong , Kong Xiangtao , Liu Xue-Yuan , Ackermann Lutz 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
C-oligosaccharides are found in natural products and drug molecules. Despite the considerable progress made during the last decades, modular and stereoselective synthesis of C-oligosaccharides continues to be challenging and underdeveloped compared to the synthesis technology of O-oligosaccharides. Herein, we have designed a distinct strategy for the stereoselective and efficient synthesis of C-oligosaccharides via palladium-catalyzed nondirected C1-H glycosylation/C2-alkenylation, cyanation, and alkynylation of 2-iodoglycals with glycosyl chloride donors while realizing the difunctionalization of 2-iodoglycals for the first time. The catalysis approach tolerates various functional groups, including derivatives of marketed drugs and natural products. Notably, the obtained C-oligosaccharides can be further transformed into various C-glycosides while fully conserving the stereo-chemistry. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations studies are supportive of a concerted oxidative addition mechanism alkenyl-norbornadiene-palladacycle (ANP) intermediate with an α-mannofuranose chloride and the high stereoselectivity of glycosylation was due to steric hindrance.
­­Optimisation of sugar and solid biofuel co-production from almond tree pruning by acid pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis
Authors: Manuel Cuevas Aranda , Cartas Mª Lourdes Martínez , Fahd Mnasser , Asad Karim Adan , Sebastián Sánchez 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Almond pruning is an important agricultural residue that has been scarcely studied for the production of sugars and solid biofuels. In this work, the production of monosaccharides from almond tree pruning has been optimised by a two-step process scheme: pretreatment with dilute sulphuric acid (0.025 M, at 185.9-214.1 ºC for 0.8–9.2 min) followed by enzyme saccharification of the pretreated cellulose. The application of a response surface methodology allowed mathematical modelling of the hydrolysis, setting pretreatment conditions that maximise both the amount of sugar in the acid prehydrolysate (22.8 kg/100 kg raw material, at 194 ºC for 2.08 min) and the enzymatic digestibility of the pretreated cellulose (45.4%, at 210 ºC for 8 min). The highest overall sugar yields (36.8 kg/100 kg raw material, equivalent to 64.3% of all sugars in the feedstock) were obtained with pretreatments carried out at 197 ºC for 4.0 min, which implies lower energy consumption than previously reported for the same biomass. Under these conditions, moreover, the final solids showed much better properties for thermochemical utilization (22.0 MJ/kg heating value, 0.87% ash content, and 72.1 mg/g moisture adsorption capacity) compared to those of the original prunings.