bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elective carotid stenting fulfills quality standards defined in guidelines
Authors: Keil Fee , Stahn Simon , Reitz Sarah Christina , Lieschke Franziska , du Mesnil de Rochemont Richard , Hattingen Elke , Berkefeld Joachim 
Published: November 2023

Purpose According to evidence from randomized trials and current guidelines, elective carotid artery stenting (CAS) is still considered second-line therapy compared with carotid endarterectomy (CEA). However, the publication of randomized comparative trials for patients with symptomatic stenoses occurred well over 10 years ago. In view of problems regarding German quality assurance when differentiating elective from emergency interventions and low case numbers for CAS indications, it seemed reasonable to present neurologically controlled CAS results and to investigate whether elective CAS consistently fulfills the strict quality criteria and what differences exist with respect to emergency CAS interventions in acute ischemic stroke.
Materials and Methods Between 01/2012 and 07/2022, 141 elective CAS procedures were performed to treat patients with symptomatic (n = 123) and asymptomatic (n = 18) stenoses. Protection by a filter system was achieved in 134 of these elective procedures (95 %). During the same period, 158 patients underwent carotid stenting for acute stroke. Complication rates were determined using neurologically controlled data. CAS-related complications (stent thrombosis, stent-associated vascular damage, thromboembolism, and symptomatic hemorrhage) were extracted from emergency interventions, and clinical outcome (NIHSS progression) was determined during the inpatient stay.
Results The rate of stroke and death determined during the inpatient stay for elective symptomatic patients was 0.8 %. Early treatment within the first 7 days after the index event, age > 70 years, and operator experience were not significant risk factors for the occurrence of complications. No complications were observed after CAS of asymptomatic stenoses. The procedure-related complication rate for emergency procedures was 7.8 %, which was significantly higher than after elective CAS, as expected (p < 0.006).
Conclusion Even with limited indications and limited case numbers, compliance with the strict quality criteria of the current S3 Guideline 2022 for elective CAS interventions is possible for both symptomatic and asymptomatic stenoses in an experienced center. Emergency CAS interventions have significantly higher complication rates under other conditions and must be considered separately with regard to quality assurance.
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Primärärztliche Versorgungsungleichheiten zu
Ungunsten der Bevölkerung sozial benachteiligter Stadtgebiete –
eine Fallanalyse am Beispiel der Stadt Essen
Authors: Schillen Philip , in der Schmitten Jürgen , Danielzik Katja , Hillal Ellen , Moebus Susanne , Dehnen Alessia 
Published: November 2023

ZusammenfassungZiel der Studie Als Großstadt inmitten eines Ballungsgebiets ist
die kreisfreie Stadt Essen geprägt von einer starken sozialen
Segregation und im Zuge dessen einem deutlichen Nord-Süd-Gefälle
des sozialen Status‘ der Bevölkerung. Die herkömmliche
Bewertung der primärärztlichen Versorgung seitens der
Kassenärztlichen Vereinigungen durch das Instrumentarium der
Bedarfsplanung lässt solche starken Gefälle innerhalb einer
Planungseinheit häufig unberücksichtigt. Die vorliegende Studie
hat zum Ziel, die Verteilung von Primärversorgungsstrukturen am Beispiel
von zwei großräumigen Stadtgebieten der Stadt Essen zu
analysieren und Perspektiven der Stärkung der Primärversorgung
in benachteiligten Stadtteilen aufzuzeigen. Methodik Zunächst
wurde auf Stadtteilebene eine Sekundärdatenanalyse durchgeführt
und anhand der Einschlusskriterien – 1. Lage des Stadtteils
nördlich der Autobahn A40 und 2. eine mittlere
Existenzsicherungsquote>17,20 Prozent (Durchschnittswert der Stadt
Essen) – das aus 19 Stadtteilen bestehende Untersuchungsgebiet Essen
Nord (258.790 Einwohner*innen) definiert und mit dem restlichen
Stadtgebiet (332.242 Einwohner*innen) bezüglich der Indikatoren
a) sozialer Status, und b) Versorgungsdichte der tätigen Haus- und
Kinderärzt*innen verglichen. Die Datengrundlagen der
ausgewählten Indikatoren finden sich in der Sozialberichterstattung der
Stadt Essen bzw. der „Online-Praxissuche“ der
Kassenärztlichen Vereinigung Nordrhein. Die dadurch entstandene
Datenbank (letzter Stand: 10/2021) wurde anschließend auf
Stadtteilebene ausgewertet und in der Folge die primärztliche
Versorgungssituation der beiden Stadtgebiete verglichen. Ergebnisse Die
Ergebnisse offenbaren eine deutlich geringere primärärztliche
Versorgungsdichte im sozial benachteiligten Untersuchungsgebiet Essen Nord, bei
Hausärzt*innen um etwa ¼, bei
Kinderärzt*innen um fast die Hälfte. Mit einer
höheren sozialen Benachteiligung geht ein schlechterer wohnortnaher
Zugang zur Primärversorgung einher, insbesondere für Kinder und
Jugendliche. Schlussfolgerung Der Status quo der Verteilung
primärärztlicher Versorgungsstrukturen birgt die Gefahr, zu
einer Manifestierung gesundheitlicher Ungleichheit beizutragen und die
Sicherstellung einer wohnortnahen, bedarfsorientierten Primärversorgung
zu gefährden. Die bestehende Planungssystematik ist nicht geeignet, die
drohende bzw. schon bestehende Unterversorgung der Bevölkerung in
benachteiligten Stadtteilen ausreichend zu adressieren.
Antibiotic prophylaxis and post-procedure infectious complications in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with peroral cholangioscopy
Authors: Gustafsson Arvid , Enochsson Lars , Tingstedt Bobby , Olsson Greger 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background and study aims Single-operator peroral cholangioscopy (SOC) has gained increasing attention in modern biliary and pancreatic therapy and diagnosis. This procedure has shown higher rates of infectious complications than conventional endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP); therefore, many guidelines recommend antibiotic prophylaxis (AP). However, whether AP administration decreases infectious or overall adverse events (AEs) has been little studied. We aimed to study whether AP affects post-procedure infectious or overall AEs in ERCP with SOC.
Patients and methods We collected data from the Swedish Registry for Gallstone Surgery and ERCP (GallRiks). Of the 124,921 extracted ERCP procedures performed between 2008 and 2021, 1,605 included SOC and represented the study population. Exclusion criteria were incomplete 30-day follow-up, ongoing antibiotic use, and procedures with unspecified indication. Type and dose of antibiotics were not reported. Post-procedure infectious complications and AEs at 30-day follow-up were the main outcomes.
Results AP was administered to 1,307 patients (81.4%). In this group, 3.4% of the patients had infectious complications compared with 3.7% in the non-AP group. The overall AE rates in the AP and non-AP groups were 14.6% and 15.2%, respectively. The incidence of cholangitis was 3.1% in the AP group and 3.4% in the non-AP group. Using multivariable analysis, both infectious complications (odds ratio [OR] 0.92, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.54–1.57) and AEs (OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.65–1.16) remained unaffected by AP administration.
Conclusions No reduction in infectious complication rates and AEs was seen with AP administration for SOC. The continued need for AP in SOC remains uncertain.
New oxide structures clearing up the origin of two-dimensional electron gas in AlGaN/GaN heterostructures
Authors: Wang Zhixiu , Yi Wencai , Cao Yiqing , Miao Maosheng , Liu Jingyao 
Published: November 2023

Control over the two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) in AlGaN/GaN heterostructures is crucial for their practical applications in current semiconducting devices. However, the oxide surface structures inducing 2DEG are still ambiguous because oxide-stoichiometry (OS) matching structures possess occupied surface donor states at 1.0–1.8 eV below the conduction band minimum of bulk but are usually not available in energy than electron counting (EC) rule structures. In this work, a global optimization algorithm was introduced to explore the possible oxidation structures on GaN (0001) and AlN (0001) surfaces; the method was demonstrated to be available due to the fact that the reported oxidized structures were reproduced at each stoichiometry. Interestingly, the two similar oxide structures with close energy were found in each oxide-bilayer, which can be used to clarify the experimental observations of disordered surface oxide layers below 550 °C. Additionally, new stable oxidation structures with low surface energy were proposed. Interestingly, the new OS matching structures are proposed with remarkably lower energy than EC rule structures under cation-rich and oxygen-poor conditions, which is caused by the large formation enthalpy of Al2O3 and Ga2O3. Further electronic structure calculations demonstrate that the new OS structures possess highest occupied states above the half of the gap and are the origin of 2DEG in AlGaN/GaN heterostructures.
Optical and x-ray characterization of the Daedalus ultrafast x-ray imager
Authors: Looker Quinn , Kimmel Mark , Yang Chi , Porter John L. 
Published: November 2023

The Daedalus ultrafast x-ray imager is the latest generation in Sandia’s hybrid CMOS detector family. With three frames along an identical line of sight, 1 ns minimum integration time, a higher full well than Icarus, and added features, Daedalus brings exciting new capabilities to diagnostic applications in inertial confinement fusion and high energy density science. In this work, we present measurements of time response, dynamic range, spatial uniformity, pixel cross-talk, and absolute x-ray sensitivity using pulsed optical and x-ray sources. We report a measured 1.5 Me− full well, pixel sensitivity at 9.58 × 10−7 V/e−, and an estimate of spatial uniformity at ∼5% across the sensor array.
Computational study of laser-induced heating of PVDF/nAl composites
Authors: Olsen Daniel , Uhlenhake Kyle , Gomez Mateo , Örnek Metin , Son Steven F. , Zhou Min 
Published: November 2023

Optical sources such as lasers provide a means for precise temporal and spatial control of the ignition of energetic materials through customized deposition of excitation energy. Using coupled microscale electromagnetic (EM) and thermal simulations, we analyze the interactions between the EM waves and the microstructures of PVDF/nAl composites with weight fractions of nAl particles (or solids loadings), wf, ranging from 10 to 40 wt. %. Statistically equivalent microstructure sample sets with multiple random microstructure instantiations are generated and used for each solid loading, thereby allowing the statistical variations in the material heating behavior due to microstructure randomness to be analyzed. Maxwell’s equations are solved to characterize the interactions between the materials and EM waves at wavelengths of 266, 532, and 1064 nm. The resulting energy deposition rate is calculated, accounting for Joule heating, dielectric heating, and magnetic induction heating. The coupled thermal analysis accounts for the energy deposition and thermal diffusion, yielding the temperature fields in the materials. The energy deposition and heating are characterized using three measures: the skin depth of the EM wave, the depth of the significant temperature increase in the material, and the average temperature. An empirical relation is developed for the average temperature increase in the heated layer of the material as a function of the intensity of the input laser, solids loading, and time. It is found that trends in the average temperature and depth of significant heating correlate well with the ignition trends observed in experiments.
Realidad de la institución matrimonial en la ficción de las novelas
grecolatinas
Authors: Casinos Mora F. Javier 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The purpose of this work is to make evident how the
informations about various aspects of the marriage institution contained in
the Greco-Latin novels are not purely fictional data, but approximately
respond to historical reality and are reliable enough to be contributed to
the task of rebuilding a legal institution such as marriage in the
particular eastern historical and geographical context of late Greco-Roman
antiquity.
La expositio en Dafnis y Cloe
Authors: Zaera García Ana Belén 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
From a legal point of view, we can affirm that the
stories of the protagonists of Longo’s novel, Daphnis and Chloe, show the
legal situation of the time, adapting the novel to local law. The literary
fiction is not an obstacle to recognise that in the juridical field the work
shows tints of reality, which proves that this literary genre constitutes a
source of knowledge of Greek law.
Chloe as learning subject in Longus’ Daphnis and
Chloe
Authors: Downie Janer 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Setting the erotic education of Daphnis and Chloe in the
context of contemporary discourses of paideia, this essay
argues that it is Chloe who represents the ideal learning subject. While
Daphnis is associated with the language of teaching and training
(διδάσκω,
παιδεύω), Chloe is associated with the language of
learning and understanding (μανθάνω). When her learning process is
depicted in the novel’s inset scenes of mythological story-telling, Chloe
repeatedly rejects or eludes hierarchical and transactional frameworks of
education, modeling a reflective self-awareness and intellectual agency that
separates her from Daphnis and connects her instead with adult figures like
the Hunter-Narrator and with the novel’s implied reader.
Le collane di Charicleia
Authors: Berg Ria 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In questo articolo si esamina il ruolo dei gioielli,
oggetti femminili par excellence, nei romanzi greco-romani.
Ci si chiederà chi sono i personaggi distinti dall’uso di gioielli e, in
conseguenza, quale sia il loro significato nella costruzione della loro
identità. Si analizzerà, inoltre, se è possibile identificare
archeologicamente le tipologie dei gioielli usati nelle narrative.
Kidnapping in the ancient novels
Authors: Papaioannou Sophia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Kidnapping is an essential component of Ancient novel
narrative because it is a major force behind the development of the plot.
Additionally, kidnapping enables the author to experiment with travelling as
a literary mechanism to signify transition (kidnapping initiates travelling
which allows for convenient transition points, and supplies closures and
openings to narrative units), but also to employ travelling as an allegory
for soul-/identitysearching, as a means to trace characterization and as a
rite of passage onto maturity.
“Parthian” women in Vīs and Rāmīn
Authors: Gregoratti Leonardo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A few decades ago in a series of articles, the Russian
orientalist Vladimir Minorsky argued that the Persian romance novel Vīs u
Rāmīn by As’ad Gurgānī re-elaborated materials derived from the court
minstrel tradition of the Parthian period noble houses. His assumption was
mainly based on the political system described in the poem. Enlarging the
scope of the investigation this paper aims at connecting what is known about
the role of women at the Arsacid court with the prominent role of women as
decision makers in the novel.
Radiation fluxes of gravitational, electromagnetic, and scalar perturbations in type-D black holes: an exact approach
Authors: Chen Changkai , Jing Jiliang 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We present a novel method that solves Teukolsky equations with the source to calculate radiation fluxes at infinity and event horizon for any perturbation fields of type-D black holes. For the first time, we use the confluent Heun function to obtain the exact solutions of ingoing and outgoing waves for the Teukolsky equation. This benefits from our derivation of the asymptotic analytic expression of the confluent Heun function at infinity. It is interesting to note that these exact solutions are not subject to any constraints, such as low-frequency and weak-field. To illustrate the correctness, we apply these exact solutions to calculate the gravitational, electromagnetic, and scalar radiations emitted by a particle in circular orbits around a Schwarzschild black hole. Numerical results show that the proposed exact solution appreciably improves the computational accuracy and efficiency compared with the 23rd post-Newtonian order expansion and the Mano-Suzuki-Takasugi method.
Probing the equation of state of the early Universe with pulsar timing arrays
Authors: Liu Lang , Chen Zu-Cheng , Huang Qing-Guo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe recently released data by pulsar timing array (PTA) collaborations have amassed substantial evidence corroborating the existence of a stochastic signal consistent with a gravitational-wave background at frequencies around the nanohertz regime. We investigate the situation in which the PTA signal originates from scalar-induced gravitational waves (SIGWs), which serves as a valuable tool to probe the equation of state parameterwduring the Universe's early stages. The joint consideration of the PTA data from the NANOGrav 15-year data set, PPTA DR3, and EPTA DR2 yields thatw = 0.60+0.32-0.39(median + 90% credible interval), indicating a period of condensate domination at the production of SIGWs is allowed by the data. Moreover, the data also supports radiation domination (w = 1/3) within the 90% credible interval. We also impose an upper bound on the reheating temperature thatTrh ≲ 0.2 GeV and the constraint onwreveals valuable information on the inflationary potential and the dynamics at the end of inflation.
Redundant representations help generalization in wide neural networks
*
,
†
Authors: Doimo Diego , Glielmo Aldo , Goldt Sebastian , Laio Alessandro 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Deep neural networks (DNNs) defy the classical bias-variance trade-off; adding parameters to a DNN that interpolates its training data will typically improve its generalization performance. Explaining the mechanism behind this ‘benign overfitting’ in deep networks remains an outstanding challenge. Here, we study the last hidden layer representations of various state-of-the-art convolutional neural networks and find that if the last hidden representation is wide enough, its neurons tend to split into groups that carry identical information and differ from each other only by statistically independent noise. The number of these groups increases linearly with the width of the layer, but only if the width is above a critical value. We show that redundant neurons appear only when the training is regularized and the training error is zero.
The dynamics of representation learning in shallow, non-linear autoencoders
*
Authors: Refinetti Maria , Goldt Sebastian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Autoencoders are the simplest neural network for unsupervised learning, and thus an ideal framework for studying feature learning. While a detailed understanding of the dynamics of linear autoencoders has recently been obtained, the study of non-linear autoencoders has been hindered by the technical difficulty of handling training data with non-trivial correlations—a fundamental prerequisite for feature extraction. Here, we study the dynamics of feature learning in non-linear, shallow autoencoders. We derive a set of asymptotically exact equations that describe the generalisation dynamics of autoencoders trained with stochastic gradient descent (SGD) in the limit of high-dimensional inputs. These equations reveal that autoencoders learn the leading principal components of their inputs sequentially. An analysis of the long-time dynamics explains the failure of sigmoidal autoencoders to learn with tied weights, and highlights the importance of training the bias in ReLU autoencoders. Building on previous results for linear networks, we analyse a modification of the vanilla SGD algorithm, which allows learning of the exact principal components. Finally, we show that our equations accurately describe the generalisation dynamics of non-linear autoencoders trained on realistic datasets such as CIFAR10, thus establishing shallow autoencoders as an instance of the recently observed Gaussian universality.
Self-consistent dynamical field theory of kernel evolution in wide neural networks
*
Authors: Bordelon Blake , Pehlevan Cengiz 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We analyze feature learning in infinite-width neural networks trained with gradient flow through a self-consistent dynamical field theory. We construct a collection of deterministic dynamical order parameters which are inner-product kernels for hidden unit activations and gradients in each layer at pairs of time points, providing a reduced description of network activity through training. These kernel order parameters collectively define the hidden layer activation distribution, the evolution of the neural tangent kernel (NTK), and consequently, output predictions. We show that the field theory derivation recovers the recursive stochastic process of infinite-width feature learning networks obtained by Yang and Hu with tensor programs. For deep linear networks, these kernels satisfy a set of algebraic matrix equations. For nonlinear networks, we provide an alternating sampling procedure to self-consistently solve for the kernel order parameters. We provide comparisons of the self-consistent solution to various approximation schemes including the static NTK approximation, gradient independence assumption, and leading order perturbation theory, showing that each of these approximations can break down in regimes where general self-consistent solutions still provide an accurate description. Lastly, we provide experiments in more realistic settings which demonstrate that the loss and kernel dynamics of convolutional neural networks at fixed feature learning strength are preserved across different widths on a image classification task.
Phase diagram of stochastic gradient descent in high-dimensional two-layer neural networks
*
Authors: Veiga Rodrigo , Stephan Ludovic , Loureiro Bruno , Krzakala Florent , Zdeborová Lenka 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Despite the non-convex optimization landscape, over-parametrized shallow networks are able to achieve global convergence under gradient descent. The picture can be radically different for narrow networks, which tend to get stuck in badly-generalizing local minima. Here we investigate the cross-over between these two regimes in the high-dimensional setting, and in particular investigate the connection between the so-called mean-field/hydrodynamic regime and the seminal approach of Saad & Solla. Focusing on the case of Gaussian data, we study the interplay between the learning rate, the time scale, and the number of hidden units in the high-dimensional dynamics of stochastic gradient descent (SGD). Our work builds on a deterministic description of SGD in high-dimensions from statistical physics, which we extend and for which we provide rigorous convergence rates.
Exact solutions of a deep linear network
*
Authors: Ziyin Liu , Li Botao , Meng Xiangming 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This work finds the analytical expression for the global minima of a deep linear network with weight decay and stochastic neurons, a fundamental model for understanding the landscape of neural networks. Our result implies that the origin is a special point in the deep neural network loss landscape where highly nonlinear phenomenon emerge. We show that weight decay strongly interacts with the model architecture and can create bad minima at zero in a network with more than one hidden layer, qualitatively different from a network with only one hidden layer. Practically, our result implies that common deep learning initialization methods are generally insufficient to ease the optimization of neural networks.