bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monitoring for potentially xenozoonotic viruses in New Zealand pigs
Authors: Garkavenko Olga , Muzina Maria , Muzina Zeljko , Powels Kevin , Elliott Robert B. , Croxson Margaret C. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractShortage of human donor organs for transplantation has prompted evaluation of animals as an alternative donor source. Pigs are the most acceptable candidate animals but issues of xenozoonozes remain. Despite careful monitoring of high‐health‐status (HHS) pigs, there is still a risk that their tissues may carry infectious agents. Furthermore, pathogens which are significant in xenotransplantation are not necessarily those of veterinary importance. The detection of these potentially transmissible infectious agents may require the development and application of new surveillance technologies. We present data on monitoring for five potentially xenotic viruses in New Zealand pig herds, namely pig cytomegalovirus (PCMV), pig lymphotropic herpesvirus (PLHV), encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV), pigcircovirus (PCV), and hepatitis E virus (HEV). These five viruses are either potentially oncogenic, establish persistent infection, or are known to be zoonotic. This study has expanded significantly the information on porcine viruses in New Zealand. Using this information, it is now possible to complete protocols for monitoring pig herds and tissues prior to their use in xenotransplantation. The study resulted in selection of a possible source herd for swine‐to‐human islet transplantation. J. Med. Virol. 72:338–344, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cytomegalovirus and adenovirus infections and diseases among 75 paediatric unrelated allogeneic bone marrow transplant recipients
Authors: Morfin Florence , Boucher Anne , Najioullah Fatiha , Bertrand Yves , Bleyzac Nathalie , Poitevin‐Later Françoise , Bienvenu Françoise , Simonet Violaine , Galambrun Claire , Philippe Noël , Aymard Michèle , Thouvenot Danielle , Souillet Gérard 
Published: December 2003

AbstractViral infections remain a major complication of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. A population of children who underwent unrelated allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in a single centre has been followed‐up for viral infections and diseases. We describe the detection of cytomegalovirus (CMV) and adenovirus among 75 children transplanted between 1989 and 2000. CMV was detected among 22 patients (29%) and adenovirus among 19 patients (25%); they were associated with clinical diseases in 10 and 8 patients, respectively. Four patients had adenovirus and CMV coinfection. The obvious risk factor for CMV infection is seropositivity of the recipient prior to transplantation. Adenovirus is detected significantly more frequently when conditioning regimen includes anti‐thymocyte or anti‐lymphocyte globulin. Diseases associated with adenovirus have been correlated with a significantly higher mortality rate, stressing the need for the implementation of a systematic virological survey for this virus and for the evaluation of therapeutic protocols including new molecules. J. Med. Virol. 72:257–262, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Functional alterations in immature cultured rat hippocampal neurons after sustained exposure to static magnetic fields
Authors: Hirai Takao , Yoneda Yukio 
Published: December 2003

AbstractIn cultured rat hippocampal neurons, gradual increases were seen in the expression of microtubule‐associated protein‐2 (MAP‐2), neuronal nuclei (NeuN) and growth‐associated protein‐43 (GAP‐43), in proportion to increased duration, up to 9 days in vitro (DIV). Sustained exposure to static magnetic fields at 100 mT for up to 9 DIV significantly decreased expression of MAP‐2 and NeuN in cultured rat hippocampal neurons without markedly affecting GAP‐43 expression. Although a significant increase was seen in the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in hippocampal neuronal preparations cultured for 6–9 DIV under sustained magnetism, GFAP and proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression were not affected markedly in cultured astrocytes prepared from rat hippocampus and neocortex, irrespective of cellular maturity. No significant alteration was seen in cell survivability of hippocampal neurons or astrocytes cultured under sustained magnetism. In hippocampal neurons cultured for 3 DIV under sustained magnetism, marked mRNA expression was seen for N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptor subunits, NR1, NR2A‐2C, NR2D, and NR3A. In addition, significant potentiation of the ability of NMDA to increase intracellular free Ca2+ ions was observed. Differential display analysis revealed a significant decrease in mRNA expression for the transcription factor ALF1 in response to sustained magnetism for 3 DIV. These results suggest that sustained exposure to static magnetic fields may affect cellular functionality and maturity in immature cultured rat hippocampal neurons through modulation of expression of particular NMDA receptor subunits. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transient focal ischemia in rat brain differentially regulates mRNA expression of protease‐activated receptors 1 to 4
Authors: Rohatgi T. , Henrich‐Noack P. , Sedehizade F. , Goertler M. , Wallesch C.W. , Reymann K.G. , Reiser G. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractDegeneration or survival of cerebral tissue after ischemic injury depends on the source, intensity, and duration of the insult. In the model of focal ischemia, reduced blood flow results in a cascade of pathophysiologic events, including inflammation, excitotoxicity, and platelet activation at the site of injury. One serine protease that is associated closely with and produced in response to central nervous system (CNS) injury is thrombin. Thrombin enters the injury cascade in brain either via a compromised blood‐brain barrier or possibly from endogenous prothrombin. Thrombin mediates its action through the protease‐activated receptor family (PAR‐1, ‐3, and ‐4). PARs belong to the superfamily of G protein‐coupled receptors with a 7‐transmembrane domain structure and are activated by proteolytic cleavage of their N‐terminus. We showed that thrombin can be neuroprotective or deleterious when present at different concentrations before and during oxygen‐glucose deprivation, an in vitro model of ischemia. We examined the change in mRNA expression levels of PAR‐1 to 4 as a result of transient focal ischemia in rat brain, induced by microinjection of endothelin near the middle cerebral artery. Using semiquantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) analysis, after ischemic insult on the ipsilesional side, PAR‐1 was found to be downregulated significantly, whereas PAR‐2 mRNA levels decreased only moderately. PAR‐3 was upregulated transiently and then downregulated, and PAR‐4 mRNA levels showed the most striking (2.5‐fold) increase 12 hr after ischemia, in the injured side. In the contralateral hemisphere, mRNA expression was also affected, where decreased mRNA levels were observed for PAR‐1, ‐2, and –3, whereas PAR‐4 levels were reduced only after 7 days. Taken together, these data suggest involvement of the thrombin receptors PAR‐1, PAR‐3, and PAR‐4 in the pathophysiology of brain ischemia. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Residues 17–20 and 30–35 of beta‐amyloid play critical roles in aggregation
Authors: Liu Ruitian , McAllister Chad , Lyubchenko Yuri , Sierks Michael R. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractWe examined the effects of co‐incubating nine different Aβ peptide fragments with full‐length Aβ1–40 (Aβ40) on protein aggregation. Six fragments enhanced aggregation of Aβ40 (Aβ1–28, 12–28, 17–28, 10–20, 25–35 and 17–40), while three others did not (Aβ1–11, 1–16, and 20–29). All of the peptides that enhanced aggregation contained either residues 17–20 or 30–35, indicating the importance of these regions for promoting aggregation of full‐length Aβ. Aβ25–35 in particular increased both the rate and extent of aggregation of Aβ40 considerably as indicated by fluorescence staining. Atomic force microscope imaging (AFM) indicates the increase in fluorescence staining with Aβ25–35 is primarily due to increased formation of oligomers and protofibrils rather than formation of large amyloid fibrils. AFM images of Aβ25–35 when incubated alone also indicate formation of aggregates and long thin filaments. The increase in formation of the small toxic oligomeric morphology of Aβ40, along with formation of Aβ25–35 oligomers and thin filaments, represent two different potential pathways for Aβ25–35 toxicity. The critical roles of residues 17–20 and 30–35 of Aβ provide further insight into mechanism that underlie the formation of toxic aggregates in Alzheimer Disease (AD) and suggest targets for the design of β‐sheet breakers to modulate the aggregation and inhibit toxicity of full‐length Aβ. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dynamics of oligodendrocyte responses to anterograde axonal (Wallerian) and terminal degeneration in normal and TNF‐transgenic mice
Authors: Drøjdahl Nina , Fenger Christina , Nielsen Helle H. , Owens Trevor , Finsen Bente 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe inflammatory cytokine tumour necrosis factor (TNF) can both induce oligodendrocyte and myelin pathology and promote proliferation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells and remyelination. We have compared the response of the oligodendrocyte lineage to anterograde axonal (Wallerian) and terminal degeneration and lesion‐induced axonal sprouting in the hippocampal dentate gyrus in TNF‐transgenic mice with the response in genetically normal mice. Transectioning of the entorhino‐dentate perforant path axonal projection increased hippocampal TNF mRNA expression in both types of mice, but to significantly larger levels in the TNF‐transgenics. At 5 days after axonal transection, numbers of oligodendrocytes and myelin basic protein (MBP) mRNA expression in the denervated dentate gyrus in TNF‐transgenic mice had increased to the same extent as in nontransgenic littermates. At this time, transgenics showed a tendency towards a greater increase in the number of juxtaposed, potentially proliferating oligodendrocytes. Noteworthy, at day 5 we also observed upregulation of MBP mRNA expression in adjacent hippocampal subregions with lesion‐induced axonal sprouting, which were devoid of axonal degeneration, raising the possibility that sprouting axons provide trophic stimuli to the oligodendrocyte lineage. Twenty‐eight days after lesioning, oligodendrocyte numbers and MBP mRNA expression were reduced to near normal levels. However, oligodendrocyte densities in the TNF‐transgenic mice were significantly lower than in nontransgenics. We conclude that the early response of the oligodendrocyte lineage to axonal lesioning and lesion‐induced axonal sprouting appears unaffected by the supranormal TNF levels in the TNF‐transgenic mice. TNF may, however, have long‐term inhibitory effects on the oligodendrocyte response to axonal lesioning. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Down‐regulation of caveolin‐1 in glioma vasculature: Modulation by radiotherapy
Authors: Régina Anthony , Jodoin Julie , Khoueir Paul , Rolland Yannève , Berthelet France , Moumdjian Robert , Fenart Laurence , Cecchelli Romeo , Demeule Michel , Béliveau Richard 
Published: December 2003

AbstractPrimary brain tumors, particularly glioblastomas (GB), remain a challenge for oncology. An element of the malignant brain tumors' aggressive behavior is the fact that GB are among the most densely vascularized tumors. To determine some of the molecular regulations occuring at the brain tumor endothelium level during tumoral progression would be an asset in understanding brain tumor biology. Caveolin‐1 is an essential structural constituent of caveolae that has been implicated in mitogenic signaling, oncogenesis, and angiogenesis. In this work we investigated regulation of caveolin‐1 expression in brain endothelial cells (ECs) under angiogenic conditions. In vitro, brain EC caveolin‐1 is down‐regulated by angiogenic factors treament and by hypoxia. Coculture of brain ECs with tumoral cells induced a similar down‐regulation. In addition, activation of the p42/44 MAP kinase is demonstrated. By using an in vivo brain tumor model, we purified ECs from gliomas as well as from normal brain to investigate possible regulation of caveolin‐1 expression in tumoral brain vasculature. We show that caveolin‐1 expression is strikingly down‐regulated in glioma ECs, whereas an increase of phosphorylated caveolin‐1 is observed. Whole‐brain radiation treatment, a classical way in which GB is currently being treated, resulted in increased caveolin‐1 expression in tumor isolated ECs. The level of tumor cells spreading around newly formed blood vessels was also elevated. The regulation of caveolin‐1 expression in tumoral ECs may reflect the tumoral vasculature state and correlates with angiogenesis kinetics. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dynein: An ancient motor protein involved in multiple modes of transport
Authors: Vallee Richard B. , Williams John C. , Varma Dileep , Barnhart Lora E. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractCytoplasmic dynein has long been thought to be responsible for retrograde axonal transport. As the number of cellular roles for this multifunctional protein has expanded, the complexity of its contribution to axonal transport has increased. In this article the increasing evidence for a role for cytoplasmic dynein in anterograde as well as retrograde transport is discussed. The current status of the complex dynein cargo‐binding mechanism is evaluated. Finally, recent genetic evidence supporting a role in axonal transport and revealing a role in neurodegenerative conditions is reviewed. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol 58: 189–200, 2004
Mechanisms of neurotrophin receptor vesicular transport
Authors: Yano Hiroko , Chao Moses V. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractAccumulating evidence has indicated that neurotrophin receptor trafficking plays an important role in neurotrophin‐mediated signaling in developing as well as mature neurons. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms and the components of neurotrophin receptor vesicular transport. This article will describe how neurotrophin receptors, Trk and p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR), are intimately involved in the axonal transport process. In particular, the molecules that may direct Trk receptor trafficking in the axon will be discussed. Finally, potential mechanisms by which receptor‐containing vesicles link to molecular cytoskeletal motors will be presented. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol 58: 244–257, 2004
Signaling endosome hypothesis: A cellular mechanism for long distance communication
Authors: Howe Charles L. , Mobley William C. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe kinetics of signaling endosome retrograde transport along axons is analyzed and offered as evidence that such transport is more efficient than diffusion or calcium wave‐based signaling systems over even relatively small distances. Evidence is provided to support the signaling endosome hypothesis and to expand the hypothesis to include signaling in many cell types and many cellular dimensions. Finally, a saltatory, regenerating inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate wave model is offered to reconcile current discrepancies in the literature regarding endosomal‐based retrograde signaling. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol 58: 207–216, 2004
Conformational analysis of fluoroacetoxime and of its O‐methyl ether by 1H, 13C and 15N NMR and theoretical calculations
Authors: Tormena Cláudio F. , Rittner Roberto , Abraham Raymond J. , Basso Ernani A. , Fiorin Barbara C. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe solvent dependence of the 1H, 13C and 15N NMR spectra of (E)‐fluoroacetoxime [(E)‐FAO] and of (E)‐fluoroacetoxime O‐methyl ether [(E)‐FAOME], was examined and the HF, CF and NF couplings are reported. Density functional theory (DFT) at the B3LYP/6–311++g(2df,2p) level with ZPE (zero point energy) correction was used to obtain the rotamer geometries. In both (E)‐FAO and (E)‐FAOME the DFT method gave two energy minima corresponding to the cis (F—C—CN, 0°) and gauche (F—C—CN, 124.1°) rotamers. In contrast, in (Z)‐FAO the DFT method gave only one energy minimum corrsponding to the trans rotamer. The 4JHF and 1JCF couplings in (E)‐FAO were analyzed by solvation theory assuming the cis and gauche forms to give $E_{cis}-E_{gauche} = 3.3 \, {\rm kcal\, mol}^{-1}$ in the vapor phase, decreasing to 1.54 kcal mol−1 in CCl4 and −1.19 kcal mol−1 in DMSO (1 kcal=4.184 kJ. In (E)‐FAOME the observed couplings, when analysed similarly by solvation theory, gave $E_{cis}-E_{gauche} = 2.2 \,{\rm kcal\, mol}^{-1}$ in the vapor phase, 0.91 kcal mol−1 in CCl4 and −1.18 kcal mol−1 in DMSO. The 3JNF coupling was independent of the molecular conformation, as it did not change with the solvent polarity. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High‐performance concrete buildings for the new millennium
Authors: Kwan A K H , Au F T K , Lee P K K 
Published: December 2003

AbstractTraditionally, the structural design of concrete buildings has been focused primarily on the provision of a certain minimum level of safety that is acceptable to the general public. After many years of research and development in structural analysis and design methods, there are no longer any major difficulties in ensuring the safety of building structures under normal usage. Nowadays, occupants, owners, developers and society at large are demanding more, including better serviceability, functionality, durability, structural health assurance, repairability, environmental friendliness and sustainability. All these call for a higher performance of building structures in a more general sense. This paper discusses this issue and advocates changing our design philosophy and strategy to meet the challenge of designing high‐performance concrete buildings for the new millennium.
NASA technology assessment using real options valuation
Authors: Shishko Robert , Ebbeler Donald H. , Fox George 
Published: December 2003

AbstractWe examine the use of real options valuation in the context of prioritizing advanced technologies for NASA funding. Further, we offer a set of computational procedures that quantifies the option value of each technology. Other researchers have applied a real options framework to private sector investments. In the case of NASA investments in advanced technologies, the underlying products, which must be used to justify the investments, are space‐related scientific results and discoveries from completed missions to be shared worldwide. As in the private sector, uncertainty plays a significant role in the motivation to use real options in NASA. Uncertainty in NASA technology investments can be classified as development risk and programmatic risk (whether missions using the technology will actually fly). The latter might be called the technology “market risk.” We carried out the approach on a number of planetary exploration technologies. We illustrate the detailed calculations using one of them—lightweight propellant tank technology. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Eng 7: 1–12, 2004
Severe central nervous system thrombotic events in hemoglobin Sabine patient
Authors: Pavlovic Sonja , Kuzmanovic Milos , Urosevic Jelena , Poznanic Jelena , Zoranovic Tamara , Djordjevic Valentina , Rasovic Nada , Bunjevacki Gordana , Cvorkov‐Drazic Milica , Colovic Milica 
Published: December 2003

Abstract:Hemoglobin (Hb) Sabine is a rare, unstable Hb variant resulting from the point mutation in codon 91 (CTG → CCG) of β‐globin gene. We report a case of Hb Sabine patient with mild hemolytic anemia, unusually high Hb F level and severe central nervous system thrombotic disturbances. We have tried to elucidate possible genetic background of this unusual Hb Sabine phenotype. Extremely high level of Hb F and rather mild anemia in our patient could be partially explained by the presence of Gγ Xmn I polymorphism. This case of Hb Sabine, unlike all other reported to date, shows extremely severe thromboembolic complications. It is our opinion that the hypercoagulable state described in thalassemia is not the only factor responsible for this specific clinical state. The presence of MTHFR C677T mutation in heterozygous state found in our patient and unstable Hb Sabine molecules could contribute to development of thromboembolic phenomena. However, it remains unclear whether other factors participate in pathogenesis of the disease. In this paper we emphasize different genetic background of father and son both affected with Hb Sabine, but with markedly different severity of the disease.
Ida‐FLAG plus imatinib mesylate‐induced molecular remission in a patient with chemoresistant Ph1(+) acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Viniou Nora‐Athina , Vassilakopoulos Theodoros P. , Giakoumi Xanthi , Mantzouranis Marina , Pangalis Gerassimos A. 
Published: December 2003

Abstract:Imatinib mesylate is a potent, selective inhibitor of the tyrosine kinase activity of bcr‐abl,which is now established as the state‐of‐the‐art treatment for chronic, accelerated or even blastic phase of Philadelphia‐positive [Ph1(+)] chronic myelogenous leukemia. It is also active in Ph1(+) acute lymphoblastic leukemia, but its role in Ph1(+) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is less well investigated. We report here a patient with chemoresistant Ph1(+) AML, who responded promptly to one cycle of Ida‐FLAG second‐line chemotherapy by achieving complete morphologic, immunophenotypic, and cytogenetic remission but not a molecular one. The addition of imatinib mesylate led to a molecular remission, which is sustained for 10 months so far.
Monitoring grass swards using imaging spectroscopy
Authors: Schut A. G. T. , Ketelaars J. J. M. H. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe potential of an imaging spectroscopy system with high spatial (0·16–1·45 mm2) and spectral resolution (5–13 nm) was explored for monitoring light interception and biomass of grass swards. Thirty‐six Lolium perenne L. mini‐swards were studied for a total of eleven consecutive growth periods. Hyperspectral images and light interception (LI) were recorded twice weekly. On two dates ground cover was scored visually (GCv). At harvest, leaf area index (LAI), fresh‐matter yield and dry‐matter yield (DMY) were determined. Classification of images yielded several estimates of the image ground cover (GCi) and the index of reflection intensity (IRI). The GCi was highly correlated with GCv ( = 0·94), LAI ( = 0·88) and LI ( = 0·95, for dense swards under cloudy skies). However, the relationship between GCi and LI depended on sky conditions and sward structure. Under cloudy skies, LI was linearly related to GCi, whereas under clear skies, this relation was logistic. Regression analysis of GCi and yields showed correlations with of between 0·75 and 0·82. The mean error of DMY estimates was 340 kg. In conclusion, estimates of GCi and IRI can be used to predict DMY, even for high yield levels (up to 3500 kg DM ha−1), allowing accurate, non‐destructive monitoring of biomass and light interception of grass swards.