bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tezepelumab decreases airway epithelial IL‐33 and T2‐inflammation in response to viral stimulation in patients with asthma
Authors: Sverrild A. , Cerps S. , Nieto‐Fontarigo J. J. , Ramu S. , Hvidtfeldt M. , Menzel M. , Kearley J. , Griffiths J. M. , Parnes J. R. , Porsbjerg C. , Uller L. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundRespiratory virus infections are main triggers of asthma exacerbations. Tezepelumab, an anti‐TSLP mAb, reduces exacerbations in patients with asthma, but the effect of blocking TSLP on host epithelial resistance and tolerance to virus infection is not known.AimTo examine effects of blocking TSLP in patients with asthma on host resistance (IFNβ, IFNλ, and viral load) and on the airway epithelial inflammatory response to viral challenge.MethodsBronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF, n = 39) and bronchial epithelial cells (BECs) were obtained from patients with uncontrolled asthma before and after 12 weeks of tezepelumab treatment (n = 13) or placebo (n = 13). BECs were cultured in vitro and exposed to the viral infection mimic poly(I:C) or infected by rhinovirus (RV). Alarmins, T2‐ and pro‐inflammatory cytokines, IFNβ IFNλ, and viral load were analyzed by RT‐qPCR and multiplex ELISA before and after stimulation.ResultsIL‐33 expression in unstimulated BECs and IL‐33 protein levels in BALF were reduced after 12 weeks of tezepelumab. Further, IL‐33 gene and protein levels decreased in BECs challenged with poly(I:C) after tezepelumab whereas TSLP gene expression remained unaffected. Poly(I:C)‐induced IL‐4, IL‐13, and IL‐17A release from BECs was also reduced with tezepelumab whereas IFNβ and IFNλ expression and viral load were unchanged.ConclusionBlocking TSLP with tezepelumab in vivo in asthma reduced the airway epithelial inflammatory response including IL‐33 and T2 cytokines to viral challenge without affecting anti‐viral host resistance. Our results suggest that blocking TSLP stabilizes the bronchial epithelial immune response to respiratory viruses.
Successful management following combined thoracic endovascular aortic repair and minimally invasive esophagectomy for primary aortoesophageal fistula: A case report
Authors: Yokoe Takeshi , Toiyama Yuji , Ichikawa Takashi , Uratani Ryo , Imaoka Hiroki , Yasuda Hiromi , Morimoto Yuki , Fujikawa Hiroyuki , Okugawa Yoshinaga , Okita Yoshiki , Yoshiyama Shigeyuki , Ohi Masaki 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAortoesophageal fistula (AEF) is a rare but life‐threatening pathology. We report a case of a primary AEF that was successfully managed with temporary thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) and esophagectomy with video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery. A 73‐year‐old man was transferred to the emergency department with a complaint of hematemesis. A computed tomography scan identified an AEF due to aortic aneurysm. We placed a stent using TEVAR for the purpose of hemodynamic stasis, and the operation was performed 23 h after admission. Right video‐assisted thoracoscopic esophagectomy (VATS‐E) was chosen, and a cervical esophagostomy and a feeding gastrostomy tube was constructed. Infection had been effectively controlled postoperatively. Four months after the first operation, we performed esophageal reconstruction. At the 70‐month follow‐up examination, the patient had no signs of mediastinitis. VATS‐E immediately after hemostabilization by TEVAR is useful management for primary AEF.
From statistical inference to machine learning: A paradigm shift in contemporary cardiovascular pharmacotherapy
Authors: Pavlov Marin , Barić Domjan , Novak Andrej , Manola Šime , Jurin Ivana 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimsHeart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) poses significant challenges for clinicians and researchers, owing to its multifaceted aetiology and complex treatment regimens. In light of this, artificial intelligence methods offer an innovative approach to identifying relationships within complex clinical datasets. Our study aims to explore the potential for machine learning algorithms to provide deeper insights into datasets of HFrEF patients.MethodsTo this end, we analysed a cohort of 386 HFrEF patients who had been initiated on sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitor treatment and had completed a minimum of a 6‐month follow‐up.ResultsIn traditional frequentist statistical analyses, patients receiving the highest doses of beta‐blockers (BBs) (chi‐square test, P = .036) and those newly initiated on sacubitril‐valsartan (chi‐square test, P = .023) showed better outcomes. However, none of these pharmacological features stood out as independent predictors of improved outcomes in the Cox proportional hazards model. In contrast, when employing eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) algorithms in conjunction with the data using Shapley additive explanations (SHAP), we identified several models with significant predictive power. The XGBoost algorithm inherently accommodates non‐linear distribution, multicollinearity and confounding. Within this framework, pharmacological categories like ‘newly initiated treatment with sacubitril/valsartan’ and ‘BB dose escalation’ emerged as strong predictors of long‐term outcomes.ConclusionsIn this manuscript, we not only emphasize the strengths of this machine learning approach but also discuss its potential limitations and the risk of identifying statistically significant yet clinically irrelevant predictors.
Emotion regulation flexibility and psychosis: A longitudinal study disentangling components of flexibility in psychosis‐proneness
Authors: Nardelli Carla , Bonanno George A. , Chen Shuquan , Bortolon Catherine 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectivesFlexibility in self‐regulation has emerged as an important component of mental health. Previous findings found that deficits in two components of regulatory flexibility were linked cross‐sectionally to psychosis‐proneness. We aimed to replicate and extend these findings longitudinally.MethodsWe measured psychosis‐proneness and components of emotion regulation flexibility (i.e. context sensitivity, repertoire and feedback) at two time points with three months in between.ResultsTwo flexibility components predicted psychotic‐like experiences. The ability to detect the absence of contextual cues was implicated in both positive and negative dimensions but through opposite pathways. Expressive suppression ability—a subcomponent of repertoire‐predicted positive symptoms. None of the flexibility components predicted distress related to the symptoms.ConclusionsThe current study provides further evidence on the implication of emotion regulation flexibility in the longer‐term maintenance of psychotic‐like experiences. Future studies can advance this work further by evaluating possible bidirectional relationships between psychotic‐like experiences and deficits in emotion regulation flexibility.
From mundane to classic: Sinomenine as a multi‐therapeutic agent
Authors: Li Dan , Zhong Zhangfeng , Ko Chung‐Nga , Tian Tiantian , Yang Chao 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSinomenine is an active substance extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine Sinomenium acutum. Sinomenine has been shown to mediate a wide range of pharmacological actions and is known to possess good anti‐inflammatory, immunosuppressive, antitumor, neuroprotective, antiarrhythmic and other pharmacological effects. Understanding the underlying mechanisms and the association between the targets and the pharmaceutical effects on different diseases is crucial to the discovery and design of new treatment strategies. In this review, we aim to give a systematic and comprehensive overview of the research progress of sinomenine over the past 20 years. We first describe the metabolism of sinomenine in vivo and then summarize the pharmacological actions of sinomenine on different diseases. Furthermore, the potential binding properties of sinomenine and the potential of developing new sinomenine‐based drugs are also reviewed.
Safety outcomes of salbutamol: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ma Lan‐Hong , Jia Li , Bai Ling 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPurposeSalbutamol has been used to alleviate bronchospasm in airway disease for decades, while its potential risks have not been systematically investigated yet. The risk of any potential adverse events (AEs) in patients treated with salbutamol was assessed through systematic review and meta‐analysis.MethodsA systematic search of the literature was conducted, using EMBASE, PubMed and Cochrane library, until 3 April 2023. Once the AE incidence was evaluated, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were eligible for review. The endpoints included the incidence of total AEs, severe AEs, treatment discontinuation and specific AEs. The pooled AEs incidence was analysed via random‐effects model in a single‐arm meta‐analysis. A subgroup study was carried out to examine whether the pooled incidence of AE differed by indications or formulations.ResultsOf the 8912 studies that were identified, 58 RCTs met the inclusion criteria and involved 12 961 participants. The analysis showed the pooled incidences of total AEs, severe AEs and treatment discontinuation in patients treated with salbutamol were 34%, 2% and 3%, respectively. Subgroup analysis indicated that premature labour users and intravenous salbutamol users were more likely associated with total AEs. The most frequently observed specific AEs were palpitations or tachycardia.ConclusionThis meta‐analysis indicated that salbutamol was associated with a very common risk of palpitations or tachycardia. Clinical vigilance and research efforts are needed to optimize the safe use of salbutamol.
1072. Breynia vitis‐idaea (Burm.f.) C.E.C.Fisch: Phyllanthaceae
Authors: Kawakita Atsushi , Miyashita Miho , Yamanaka Masumi 
Published: October 2023

SummaryBreynia vitis‐idaea (Burm.f.) C.E.C.Fisch. is illustrated and its remarkable mutualism with a seed‐parasitic moth pollinator is described. The species is cultivated in the glasshouse of Koishikawa Botanical Garden together with its specific moth pollinator, which helps the plant to produce showy red fruits throughout the year.
Epidemiology of mature T/NK‐cell lymphomas in Germany – A representative cross‐sectional study based on SHI claims data
Authors: Assaf Chalid , Dobos Gabor , Zech Immo‐Maximilian , Doess Axel , May Melanie , Jadasz Janusz 
Published: October 2023

SummaryBackgroundPrimary cutaneous lymphomas (PCL) are rare skin tumors of lymphoproliferative neoplasms and belong to the heterogeneous group of non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas. PCL encompass a broad spectrum of clinical and histologic manifestations, with cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma (CTCL) being the most common (73%). Due to the rarity of the diseases, population‐based studies of care and epidemiology are limited.Patients and methodsBased on anonymized, age‐ and sex‐adjusted SHI (statutory health insurance) claims data of approximately five million SHI‐insured patients, a retrospective analysis was conducted over a six‐year period (2012–2017) to determine the prevalence, incidence, and lethality in patients with mature‐cell T/NK‐cell lymphoma in Germany.ResultsA total of 1,336 patients with T‐cell lymphoma were identified during the observation period. The six‐year prevalence ranged from 27.35 to 43.58 per 100,000. Patients were 65% male with a mean age of 66 years (SD 15). There were 246 patients (approx. 20%) who died within the 6 years, up to 7% per year. The calculated incidence in 153 identified patients in 2017 is 3.65 to 3.92 per 100,000.ConclusionsFor the first time, valid epidemiologic findings of patients with mature T‐cell and NK‐cell lymphomas were obtained using SHI claims data in Germany. Further analyses are needed to gain a deeper insight into the healthcare reality of patients with this rare disease.
S3 guideline „actinic keratosis and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma“– update 2023, part 1: treatment of actinic keratosis, actinic cheilitis, cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in situ (Bowen's disease), occupational disease and structures of care
Authors: Heppt Markus V. , Leiter Ulrike , Steeb Theresa , Alter Mareike , Amaral Teresa , Bauer Andrea , Bechara Falk G. , Becker Jürgen C. , Breitbart Eckhard W. , Breuninger Helmut , Diepgen Thomas , Dirschka Thomas , Eigentler Thomas , El Gammal A. K. Stephan , Felcht Moritz , Flaig Michael J. , Follmann Markus , Fritz Klaus , Grabbe Stephan , Greinert Rüdiger , Gutzmer Ralf , Hauschild Axel , Hillen Uwe , Ihrler Stephan , John Swen Malte , Kofler Lukas , Koelbl Oliver , Krause‐Bergmann Albrecht , Kraywinkel Klaus , Krohn Steffen , Langer Thomas , Loquai Carmen , Löser Christoph R. , Mohr Peter , Nashan Dorothée , Nothacker Monika , Pfannenberg Christina , Salavastru Carmen , Schmitz Lutz , Stockfleth Eggert , Szeimies Rolf‐Markus , Ulrich Claas , Voelter‐Mahlknecht Susanne , Vordermark Dirk , Weichenthal Michael , Welzel Julia , Wermker Kai , Wiegand Susanne , Garbe Claus , Berking Carola 
Published: October 2023

SummaryActinic keratosis (AK) are common lesions in light‐skinned individuals that can potentially progress to cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). Both conditions may be associated with significant morbidity and constitute a major disease burden, especially among the elderly. To establish an evidence‐based framework for clinical decision making, the guideline “actinic keratosis and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma” was updated and expanded by the topics cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in situ (Bowen's disease) and actinic cheilitis. The guideline is aimed at dermatologists, general practitioners, ear nose and throat specialists, surgeons, oncologists, radiologists and radiation oncologists in hospitals and office‐based settings, as well as other medical specialties, policy makers and insurance funds involved in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with AK and cSCC. A separate guideline exists for patients and their relatives. In this part, we will address aspects relating to AK, actinic cheilitis, Bowen's disease, occupational disease and care structures.
The value of loss of protective pain sensation in predicting a first ulceration of the foot in people with diabetes
Authors: Trocha Anna , Gontscharuk Veronika , Icks Andrea , Jeffcoate William 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimTo determine both the risk of first ever ulcer (FEU) and its time to onset in a population which had loss of protective sensation (LOPS) in the foot either with or without loss of protective pain (LOPP).MethodsPeople with diabetes and LOPS without history of FEU presenting in a specialist clinic were included. LOPP was diagnosed by reduced vibration perception and pain perception by using a pinprick simulator. Participants were followed by routine foot checks, phone interview or by letter until the occurrence of a FEU, death or the end of observation period. Survival functions in LOPP strata were compared by log rank test. The hazard ratio (HR) of an FEU in people with compared to people without LOPP was estimated using Cox regression. Time to first ulcer was estimated using the framework of an accelerated failure time (AFT) model.ResultsOne hundred and thirty participants were followed up for a median of 48.3 months. Pain perception was lost in 55.4%. Eighteen people with LOPP developed a FEU (25.0%) as opposed to six (10.3%) of those with no LOPP (p = 0.02). Age–sex‐adjusted HR for FEU was 3.0 (p = 0.02) for people with compared to people without LOPP. Age–sex‐adjusted time to FEU for people with LOPP was approximately half (p = 0.03) than people without LOPP.ConclusionsIt is suggested that estimation of LOPP is included in routine practice because of its high predictive value for a FEU.
Fetal and post‐natal outcomes in offspring after intrauterine metformin exposure: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of animal experiments
Authors: van Hoorn E. G. M. , Rademaker D. , van der Wel A. W. T. , DeVries J. H. , Franx A. , van Rijn B. B. , Kooy A. , Siegelaar S. E. , Roseboom T. J. , Ozanne S. E. , Hooijmans C. R. , Painter R. C. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimsThe impact of maternal metformin use during pregnancy on fetal, infant, childhood and adolescent growth, development, and health remains unclear. Our objective was to systematically review the available evidence from animal experiments on the effects of intrauterine metformin exposure on offspring's anthropometric, cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes.MethodsA systematic search was conducted in PUBMED and EMBASE from inception (searched on 12th April 2023). We extracted original, controlled animal studies that investigated the effects of maternal metformin use during pregnancy on offspring anthropometric, cardiovascular and metabolic measurements. Subsequently, risk of bias was assessed and meta‐analyses using the standardized mean difference and a random effects model were conducted for all outcomes containing data from 3 or more studies. Subgroup analyses were planned for species, strain, sex and type of model in the case of 10 comparisons or more per subgroup.ResultsWe included 37 articles (n = 3133 offspring from n = 716 litters, containing n = 51 comparisons) in this review, mostly (95%) on rodent models and 5% pig models. Follow‐up of offspring ranged from birth to 2 years of age. Thirty four of the included articles could be included in the meta‐analysis. No significant effects in the overall meta‐analysis of metformin on any of the anthropometric, cardiovascular and metabolic offspring outcome measures were identified. Between‐studies heterogeneity was high, and risk of bias was unclear in most studies as a consequence of poor reporting of essential methodological details.ConclusionThis systematic review was unable to establish effects of metformin treatment during pregnancy on anthropometric, cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes in non‐human offspring. Heterogeneity between studies was high and reporting of methodological details often limited. This highlights a need for additional high‐quality research both in humans and model systems to allow firm conclusions to be established. Future research should include focus on the effects of metformin in older offspring age groups, and on outcomes which have gone uninvestigated to date.
Liraglutide treatment for the prevention of glucose tolerance deterioration in women with prior gestational diabetes mellitus: A 52‐week randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Foghsgaard Signe , Vedtofte Louise , Andersen Emilie S. , Bahne Emilie , Andreasen Camilla , Sørensen Anne L. , Forman Julie L. , Mathiesen Elisabeth R. , Svare Jens A. , Clausen Tine D. , Damm Peter , Holst Jens J. , Knop Filip K. , Vilsbøll Tina 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimWe investigated the effect of 52‐week treatment with liraglutide, a glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor agonist, on glucose tolerance and incretin effect in women with previous gestational diabetes mellitus (pGDM).Materials and MethodsWomen with overweight/obesity and pGDM were randomized to once daily subcutaneous liraglutide 1.8 mg or placebo for 52 weeks. Participants underwent oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and isoglycaemic intravenous glucose infusion at baseline and at 52 weeks, and an additional OGTT after the drug wash‐out.ResultsIn total, 104 women [age: mean ± SD, 38 ± 5 years; fasting plasma glucose (FPG): 5.5 ± 0.4 mmol/L; glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c): 33 ± 4 mmol/mol, bodyweight: 88.2 ± 14.8 kg, body mass index: 31.1 ± 4.3 kg/m2] were assigned to liraglutide (n = 49) or placebo (n = 55). Estimated treatment difference (ETD) for area under curve during OGTT was −173 (95% confidence interval −250 to −97) mmol/L × min, p < .0001, but after wash‐out the difference disappeared [ETD 58 (−30 to 146) mmol/L × min, p = .536]. Liraglutide reduced FPG [ETD −0.2 (−0.4 to −0.1) mmol/L, p = .018], HbA1c [−2.2 (−3.5 to −0.8) mmol/mol, p = .018] and bodyweight [−3.9 (−6.2 to −1.6) kg, p = .012]. No change in the incretin effect was observed. The number of women with prediabetes was reduced from 64% to 10% with liraglutide vs. 50% with placebo [adjusted odds ratio 0.10 (0.03‐0.32), p = .002].ConclusionsTreatment with liraglutide for 52 weeks improved glucose tolerance, FPG, HbA1c and bodyweight in women with overweight/obesity and pGDM. Progression to prediabetes while on drug was markedly reduced, but after a 1‐week drug wash‐out, the effect was lost.
Does macroeconomic instability hamper access to electricity? Evidence from developing countries
Authors: Kamguia Brice , Djeunankan Ronald , Tadadjeu Sosson , Njangang Henri 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA large body of literature argues that macroeconomic stability is a prerequisite for the sustainable development of economies. Moreover, it is also recognized that the most dynamic economies do not necessarily grow faster than others in good times, but they do manage to be more resilient and limit the extent of a downturn in bad times. Therefore, this study draws on this theoretical framework to examine the effect of macroeconomic instability on access to electricity in developing countries. We find that macroeconomic instability reduces access to electricity for the total urban and rural populations. In addition, macroeconomic instability increases the access gap between urban and rural populations in terms of electricity access. However, the adverse effect of macroeconomic instability on access to electricity is more pronounced in oil exporting countries. However, democracy mitigates this deleterious effect of macroeconomic instability on access to electricity. Based on these results, several policy recommendations are discussed in this paper.
The evolution of job tenure in transition economies
Authors: Bussolo Maurizio , Lokshin Michael M. , Oviedo Nicolás , Torre Iván 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis paper uses labour force survey data to analyse the dynamics of job tenure in seven transition economies of Europe and a comparator country (Türkiye) for an average 13 years per country during the period 1994–2020. The country‐specific age‐period‐cohort decomposition demonstrates that the job tenure of the cohort of workers entering the labour market in the 2000s is 4–9 years shorter than that of workers who started working in the 1970s. This difference is at least twice as large as the difference in job tenure observed among workers from the same cohorts in European Union countries. These trends in tenure persist after accounting for changes in cohort composition, but they are significantly attenuated by controlling for differences in individual worker characteristics. These results suggest that the evolution of tenure in the transition economies of Europe may still be driven by the transition‐induced structural change processes in the labour market.