bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of muscular fatigue using vibromyography
Authors: Herzog Walter , Zhang Yuan‐Ting , Vaz Marco A. , Guimaraes Antonio C. S. , Janssen Christoph 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the behavior of electromyographical (EMG) and vibromyographical (VMG) signals in the time and frequency domains during a fatigue protocol. EMG and VMG records were obtained from the rectus femoris (RF) and vastus lateralis (VL) muscles of 11 adult male subjects during sustained, isometric knee extensor contractions performed at 70% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC). The average median frequencies of the power density spectra decreased during the fatigue protocol for the EMG (from 73 to 54 Hz for RF, and from 75 to 57 Hz for VL) and the VMG signals (from 40 to 19 Hz for RF, and from 25 to 12 Hz for VL). Raw EMG signals remained the same qualitatively throughout the fatigue protocol, whereas corresponding VMG records appeared to become “smoother.” The results of this study indicate that the pronounced decrease in the high‐frequency content of the VMG signal may be observed in the time domain as a “smoothing” of the signal, and thus, that the raw VMG records (which may be displayed readily online) can be used to assess qualitatively the onset and progression of muscular fatigue. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Normative F wave values and the number of recorded F waves
Authors: Fisher Morris A. , Hoffen Bruce , Hultman Cheryl 
Published: January 2005

AbstractF waves were recorded from the right abductor pollicis brevis of 11 normal subjects following 100 supramaximal stimuli. F wave data from sequential groups of 10 stimuli were analyzed. “True” values were considered those based on the results following all 100 stimuli. The F wave data evaluated were: minimal, mean, and median latencies; persistences (the percentage of F waves present in a series of stimuli): chronodispersion (CD) (the difference between minimal and maximal F latencies); mean F/M wave (mF/M) amplitudes; and repeater waves. F latencies appear normally distributed, and there is no statistical justification for using either median latencies or amplitudes. Following 10 stimuli, however, mean latencies are more reproducible than minimal values. In these normal data, results following 10 stimuli give latency measurements within 1 ms of “true” as well as for persistences; 20 stimuli will provide mean latencies within 0.5 ms of “true” as well as probable reasonable values (i.e., 80% of “true” or greater) for mF/M and the percentage of repeater waves; for CDs 80% of “true” or greater, 50–60 stimuli are needed; for the number of individual repeater waves, data from all 100 stimuli would be required. Analysis of repeater waves amplitudes would support a preferential activation of larger motor units in F waves. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Identification, distribution, and myosin subunit composition of type IIX fibers in mouse muscles
Authors: Zardini Daniela M. , Parry David J. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe purpose of the present investigation was to study the distribution and subunit composition of type IIX fibers in mouse muscles. The existence of a population of type IIX fibers in fast‐twitch muscles of the mouse was shown by mean of immunohistochemistry and gel electrophoresis. In the hindlimb muscles, tibialis anterior (TA) and extensor digitorum longus (EDL), type IIX fibers account for approximately one third of the total fiber number, with the superficial portion of the TA (TAS) being composed exclusively of type IIB and IIX fibers. A similar proportion of IIX fibers was found in diaphragm (DIA) while in tongue muscles approximately 40% of the fibers were IIX. Single fiber gel electrophoresis revealed a significant number of fibers in TAS that contain both IIB and IIX myosin heavy chain (MyHC). This was confirmed with immunohistochemistry, which revealed the presence of fibers with various degrees of staining intensity. This suggests that there may exist a degree of plasticity which results in the conversion of IIX fibers to IIB fibers and vice versa. Analysis of myosin light chain (MyLC) composition of type IIX fibers revealed that the ratio of MyLC3f to MyLC1f was significantly lower than in type IIB fibers. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Electrodiagnosis in the management of focal neuropathies: The “WOG” syndrome
Authors: Brown William F. , Dellon A. Lee , Campbell William W. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe role of electrodiagnosis in managing patients with focal neuropathies is discussed from the differing perspectives of a peripheral nerve surgeon and a practitioner of electrodiagnostic medicine. Both clinical evaluation and electrodiagnosis are useful methodologies, each having limitations. Dr. Dellon labels the overreliance on electrodiagnosis and the “WOG” (Word of God) syndrome, and describes its signs, symptoms, and treatment. Dr. Brown contends Dr. Dellon's crusade is misdirected. The exchange is an eloquent polemic on the virtues and foibles of these different approaches to evaluating peripheral nerve function and the imperative to practice them in a complementary rather than a contentious manner. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Patch‐clamp analysis of the properties of acetylcholine receptor channels at the normal human endplate
Authors: Milone Margherita , Hutchinson David O. , Engel Andrew G. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractNormative data were obtained on the kinetic properties of the acetylcholine receptor (AChR) channel at the human motor endplate by patch‐clamp analysis. Single channel currents were recorded from 34 endplates of 8 nonweak subjects in the presence of 1 μm acetylcholine (ACh) at 22 ± 0.5°C. The vast majority of channels opened to a conductance of about 60 pS. The dwell‐time distributions of these channels were well described as the sum of two exponential functions. The mean duration of the dominant longer component was 1.9 ms for the open intervals and 3.04 ms for the bursts. At three endplates, a small proportion of the channels had lower conductance and longer open time, resembling immature AChR channels. At 28 endplates it was also possible to obtain an estimate of the rate constant for channel closure (α) and approximate estimates for the rate constants of channel opening (β) and ACh dissociation (k−2). Estimates of k−2 varied by 15% with methods of estimation. This is attributed to errors inherent in estimating the duration of the briefest channel events. The normative data will be useful for evaluating pathologic alterations in the kinetic properties of the AChR channel found in some congenital myasthenic syndromes.
Time course of changes in plasma membrane permeability in the dystrophin‐deficient mdx mouse
Authors: McArdle Anne , Edwards Richard H. T. , Jackson Malcolm J. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractControl C57BI/10 and mutant, dystrophin‐deficient mdx mice of different ages were used to study the permeability of the plasma membrane to cytosolic components, to a vital stain (procion orange) and to extra‐cellular 45calcium. Prenecrotic, 14 ± 2‐day‐old mdx mice had normal serum activities of creatine kinase (CK) and pyruvate kinase (PK). Muscles from these animals also had no increased permeability to procion orange or extracellular 45calcium. Serum activities of CK and PK had risen acutely in the 21‐day‐old mdx mouse compared with control and remained elevated up to 6 months of age. The influx of procion orange and 45calcium content were abnormally elevated in the 40 ± 4‐day‐old mdx mouse. These data provide no evidence for an increase in muscle plasma membrane permeability as a primary pathogenic effect of a lack of dystrophin, but results suggest that some factor expressed or deexpressed during mouse development may be necessary for the full expression of the dystrophic process. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Cranial nerve conduction and needle electromyography in patients with acoustic neuromas: A model of compression neuropathy
Authors: Normand Marlene M. , Daube Jasper R. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractOf 45 patients with acoustic neuromas (0.3–5.0 cm), 73% had facial nerve impairment on electrophysiologic testing, but only 16% had facial weakness. Cranial nerve conduction was the most sensitive measurement, especially prolongation of the ipsilateral R1 latency of the blink reflex compared with that of the contralateral reflex. The severity of nerve conduction abnormality was highly correlated with tumor size. Our results confirm and quantitate the sensitivity of nerve action potential latency in response to chronic nerve compression. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Peripheral and central conduction in n‐hexane polyneuropathya
Authors: Öge A. Emre , Yazici Jale , Boyaciyan Arl , Eryildiz Derya , Örnek Ibrahim , Konyaliǧlu Rana , Cengiz Salih , Okşak O. Zeki , Asar Saim , Baslo Aynur 
Published: January 2005

AbstractElectrophysiological findings of 27 males with industrial n‐hexane polyneuropathy (HPNP) are presented. The results of needle electromyography and nerve conduction studies were compatible with primarily axonal polyneuropathy with secondary segmental demyelination. Motor conduction velocities were the slowest in distal regions of the nerves. In the proximal nerve segments, which were partly tested by magnetic stimulation of the nerve roots, this slowing was much less pronounced. The reduction in mean motor conduction velocities in the forearm segments of ulnar nerves was more than 30% in comparison to the control group means. This reduction was only 10% in the neckaxilla segments. We think that this finding is a reflection of the distal axonopathy process. Central motor conduction times calculated by transcranial magnetic stimulation and spinal nerve root stimulation were found to be prolonged in HPNP patients, indicating that descending motor pathways are affected in human HPNP. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Is heat hypoalgesia a useful parameter in quantitative thermal testing of alcoholic polyneuropathy?
Authors: Hilz Max J. , Claus Detlef , Neundörfer Bernhard , Zimmermann Peter , Berić Aleksandar 
Published: January 2005

AbstractDetection of thermal hypoaesthesia, hyperalgesia, and paradoxical sensation significantly contribute to the diagnosis of polyneuropathy (PNP). There is controversy about the clinical usefulness of detected heat hypoalgesia. In 50 chronic alcoholic patients we compared the prevalence and diagnostic value of heat hypoalgesia (HPT) to that of cold (CT) and warm (WT) hypoaesthesia using a “Marstock” thermotest. Clinical examination revealed PNP in 56%, cold hypoaesthesia was present in 62%, warm hypoaesthesia in 24%, paradoxical thermal sensation in 10%, cold and heat hyperalgesia in 12%, and heat hpypoalgesia in 22%. Only 1 patient (2%) presented with heat hypoalgesia but normal warm and cold thresholds; he reported paradoxical thermal sensation and had PNP. One patient suffered first degree burn injury from heat pain examination. Heat hypoalgesia contributed least to the diagnosis of polyneuropathy (HPT versus CT: P < 0.001). In patients with sensory loss, testing heat hypoalgesia bears some risk of burn injury. In contrast to thermal hypoaesthesia and hyperalgesia, it does not significantly enrich the diagnostic workup of alcoholic polyneuropathies. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Efficacy of obidoxime in human organophosphorus poisoning: Determination by neuromuscular transmission studies
Authors: Besser Roland , Weilemann Ludwig S. , Gutmann Ludwig 
Published: January 2005

AbstractSix patients with organophosphorus compound intoxications developed an intermediate syndrome (weakness and fasciculations) and obidoxime was given on eight occasions. The efficacy of the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) reactivator was monitored electrophysiologically by neuromuscular transmission studies using single and repetitive nerve stimulation (20 and 50 Hz) and the activity of the serum (butyryl) cholinesterase (ChE). Dramatic electrophysiologic improvement was seen when obidoxime was given early within 12 h in 3 patients, although evidence of AChE inhibition did not subside completely. When administration of obidoxime was delayed 26 h or more after intoxication on five occasions, electrophysiologic improvement was mild or absent. In one case, 66 h after intoxication with oxydemeton‐S‐methyl, the neuromuscular block worsened, indicating that aging of the AChE had been completed. The electrophysiologic improvement was always accompanied with better motor function but not necessarily with improvement of the overall clinical status. Serum ChE did not predict the oxime effect at the motor endplate. In humans, the efficacy of oximes in AChE reactivation can be determined rapidly using electrophysiologic studies.© 1995 John Wiley &Sons, Inc.
Expression of heat‐shock/stress proteins in duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Bornman Liza , Gericke George S. , Polla Barbara S. , Lotz Barend P. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractHeat‐shock/stress proteins (HSPs) are induced in response to stressful conditions and are essential for survival during and after cellular stress. We investigated whether dystrophin deficiency in muscle from Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients induces HSPs. Immunohistochemical studies were performed on cryosections from normal muscle, heat‐shocked muscle, and muscle from patients with DMD, dermatomyositis, and mitochondrial myopathy using antibodies against HSP 72/73, HSP 72, HSP 90, groEL (HSP 65 homologue), and ubiquitin. Computer‐assisted image processing revealed a significant (P<0.05) induction of HSP 72/73, 72, 65, and ubiquitin in hypercontracted fibers; HSP 90 and ubiquitin in regenerating fibers; and ubiquitin in macrophage invaded necrotic fibers of DMD muscle. No significant induction of HSPs was observed in dermatomyositis or mitochondrial myopathies. The stress response induced in DMD may relate to the metabolic stress characteristic of the disease and could represent and autoprotective mechanism. Manipulation of this protective response may reduce injury and have potential therapeutic application.© 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Factors which influence alterations of phosphates and pH in exercising human skeletal muscle: Measurement error, reproducibility, and effects of fasting, carbohydrate loading, and metabolic acidosis
Authors: Miller Robert G. , Carson Paul J. , Moussavi Robabe S. , Green April , Baker Anthony , Boska Michael D. , Weiner Michael W. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractPrevious studies have shown considerable variability in the metabolic response of human skeletal muscle during a standardized exercise protocol. The goal of these studies was to investigate the factors responsible for the broad range of metabolic changes produced by fatiguing exercise. Experiments were performed to quantitate the measurement error of 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of human muscle, the reproducibility of changes within a single subject, and the effects of fasting, carbohydrate loading, and metabolic acidosis. The results show that none of these factors appear to be responsible for the wide variation between subjects. However, the effects of training and genetic factors were not investigated and are likely to be responsible for the substantial variability between subjects.© 1995 John Wiley &Sons, Inc.
Radiation inhibition of mdx mouse muscle regeneration: Dose and age factors
Authors: Quinlan John G. , Michaels Scott E. , Denman David L. , Lyden Sean P. , Cambier Denise M. , Johnson Scott R. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA single hind limb was irradiated with 12, 18, 24, or 30 Gy in mdx and C57 mice aged 12, 21, or 42 days to determine regeneration inhibition dose‐response curves in different aged dystrophic mice and to characterize radiation side‐effects in normal mice. The anterior tibial muscle mass (8 weeks postirradiation) and percent central nucleated (i.e., regenerated) muscle fibers were measures of regeneration inhibition. Twenty‐one‐day‐old mdx mice irradiated with 18 Gy had complete inhibition of muscle regeneration, but 30 Gy only partially blocked regeneration in mdx mice irradiated at 12 and 42 days in age. In working to produce a clinically relevant model for Duchenne dystrophy, it is crucial to regard mouse age as a major factor in determining radiation effects on mdx muscle regeneration.© 1995 John Wiley &Sons, Inc.
Function of thick and thin nerve fibers in carpal tunnel syndrome before and after surgical treatment
Authors: Lang Eberhard , Spitzer Alfred , Claus Detlef , Neundörfer Bernhard , Pfannmüller Dagmar , Handwerker Hermann O. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractPresent studies evaluated the functions of thick and thin nerve fibers in carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) to determine whether data of thin nerve fibers can add further information to the diagnosis of CTS. Measurements were performed in 22 patients and 16 age‐matched control subjects. Motor and sensory nerve conduction, vibratory testing, thresholds of warmth and cold sensations, suprathreshold magnitude of pain and flare response, as well as sympathetic reflexes induced by noxious mechanostimulation were examined before and 1, 3, 6, 12, and 18 months after decompression of the median nerve. Nerve dysfunction in CTS was mainly indicated by the electrophysiological parameters of thick myelinated nerve fibers. Impairment of thin nerve functions in CTS and postoperative recovery was demonstrated by quantitative somatosensory thermotesting. In contrast, assessment of flare response and sympathetic reflexes using infrared thermography and photoplethysmography did not add further information for the diagnosis of CTS.© 1995 John Wiley &Sons, Inc.
Isolated femoral mononeuropathy to the vastus lateralis: EMG and MRI findings
Authors: Carter Gregory T. , McDonald Carig M. , Chan Terence T. , Margherita Anthony J. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA 16‐year‐old female track athlete experienced sudden onset of right anterolateral thigh pain, initially thought to be cramping. After 2 months of continued postexercise pain she sought medical evalution. A 3‐cm thigh circumference discrepancy was noted on physical exam. She was referred for electromyography (EMG) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies. Femoral and screening nerve conduction studies were normal. Needle EMG revealed acute neuropathic changes confined to the right vastus lateralis only. These findings were confirmed by MRI, including short T1 inversion recovery (STIR) sequences. All other medical work‐up was normal, including lumber and pelvic MRI, and complete serologic studies. This case represents a unique presentation of an idiopathic femoral mononeuropathy isolated to the vastus lateralis only, which has not been previously reported. The highly unusual anatomical presentation of this case illustrates the emerging complementary usefulness of EMG and MRI in delineating neuromuscular pathology.© 1995 John Wiley &Sons, Inc.
Motor unit estimation: Anxieties and achievements
Authors: McComas Alan J. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe history of motor unit number estimation (MUNE) is given, together with brief descriptions of the various methods presently available. A small muscle of the hand contains about 100 motor units and greater numbers are found in larger muscles; beyond 60 years the numbers begin to decline. In ALS approximately half the motor units cease to function within 6 months of the involvement of the motoneuron pool, while in adult spinal muscular atrophy further loss may not occur over several years. The reduction in MUNE values in myotonic dystrophy remains an enigma, but even more curious are the losses and subsequent recoveries occasionally observed in hyperthyroidism and chronic renal failure; possibly, nontransmitting (“silent”) synapses are involved. MUNE may also be used to study CNS problems such as hemiplegia and congenital brachial palsy. The availability of more powerful computers for EMG should lead to advances in MUNE. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Differentiation between axonal and demyelinating neuropathies: Identical segments recorded from proximal and distal muscles
Authors: Raynor E. M. , Ross M. H. , Shefner J. M. , Preston D. C. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe presence of significant slowing of motor nerve conduction velocity is considered one of the electrodiagnostic hallmarks of demyelinating neuropathies; however, slowing of conduction velocity may also accompany severe axonal loss. When compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitudes are markedly reduced, it is frequently difficult to determine if conduction velocity slowing is due to axonal loss with dropout of the fastest conducting fibers or demyelination. To evaluate the relationship between conduction velocity and axonal dropout, we compared conduction velocities through the same segment of nerve recording from distal and proximal peroneal muscles in patients with chronic neuropathies, in patients with motor neuron disease, and in control subjects. In controls and patients with motor neuron disease, conduction velocities were normal with no significant difference between proximal and distal sites. In patients with axonal neuropathies, conduction velocities were preferentially slowed when recording from distal muscles and relatively normal when recording from proximal sites. Patients with demyelinating neuropathies showed marked slowing of conduction at both sites. We conclude that comparing conduction velocity obtained from proximal versus distal muscle recordings provides a simple, reliable aid for differentiating between chronic axonal and demyelinating polyneuropathies, especially in cases with conduction velocity slowing and low CMAP amplitudes. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Anti‐gal‐C antibody in autoimmune neuropathies subsequent to mycoplasma infection
Authors: Kusunoki Susumu , Chiba Atsuro , Hitoshi Seiji , Takizawa Hajime , Kanazawa Ichiro 
Published: January 2005

AbstractFour of 82 patients with Guillain‐Barré syndrome (GBS) and 1 of 12 with multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN), who previously had had Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections, had serum antibody to galactocerebroside (Gal‐C). Two patients with GBS without mycoplasma infection also had anti‐Gal‐C antibody, whereas none of the normal or the disease controls had it. As Gal‐C is a major glycolipid antigen in myelin, anti‐Gal‐C antibody may function in the pathogenesis of autoimmune demyelinative neuropathies. Mycoplasma pneumoniae appears to be an important preceding infectious agent in autoimmune neuropathies with anti‐Gal‐C antibody. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The electrophysiologic features of sciatic neuropathy in 100 patients
Authors: Yuen Eric C. , So Yuen T. , Olney Richard K. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe reviewed the electrophysiologic data of 100 consecutive patients with sciatic neuropathy in order to better understand this disorder. Most patients (93%) had electrodiagnostic signs of significant axonal loss. Seven patients had predominantly signs of demyelination; 6 were due to compression and 1 was idiopathic. The peroneal division was more severely affected than the tibial division in 64% of patients. Tibialis anterior EMGs were abnormal in 92%, and the EDB CMAP was low in amplitude or absent in 80%. CMAP and SNAP amplitudes and EMGs were all normal in the tibial division in 12%. In contrast, the tibial division was more severely affected in only 8 patients. Of those, 5 were due to thigh trauma (gunshot wounds or femur fracture), 2 from gunshot wounds to the hip, and the other was chronic and idiopathic. Sciatic neuropathies are commonly, but not always, axonal loss lesions that affect the peroneal greater than tibial division. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.