bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of rotenoids from the seeds of Millettia dura on larvae of Aedes aegypti
Authors: Yenesew Abiy , Derese Solomon , Midiwo Jacob O , Heydenreich Matthias , Peter Martin G 
Published: September 2003

AbstractA crude chloroform extract of seeds of Millettia dura Dunn (Leguminosae) showed high activity (LC50 = 3.5 µg ml−1 at 24 h) against second‐instar larvae of the mosquito, Aedes aegypti L (Diptera: Culicidae). The rotenoids, deguelin and tephrosin, isolated from the seeds of this plant also showed potent activities, with LC50 values of 1.6 and 1.4 µg ml−1 at 24 h, respectively. The related rotenoids millettone and millettosin were inactive at 20 µg ml−1. Saturation at the B/C ring junction and the presence of methoxy groups at C‐2 and/or C‐3 in deguelin and tephrosin appear to be important for the observed larvicidal activity. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
A degree‐day concept for estimating degradation time under field conditions
Authors: Jackson Scott H 
Published: September 2003

AbstractDevelopment of degradation rate information for crop protection products in soil is typically a time consuming and costly process. Therefore, development of methodology that would allow extrapolation of limited degradation information to wider field conditions in a predictive fashion would be desirable. This study presents an approach that uses a modified heat unit model to estimate organic compound degradation time using limited datasets. The model requires daily soil or air temperature and volumetric water content. Predictions based on the model for three different compounds in five different field studies were within 80% of measured values based on soil analysis. Results from this research indicate that the model was able to predict compound half‐life values across all sites with r2 = 0.99. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
Triazine resistance in Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq) Sauer that is not site‐of‐action mediated
Authors: Patzoldt William L , Dixon Bradley S , Tranel Patrick J 
Published: September 2003

AbstractWhile surveying Illinois Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq) Sauer (tall waterhemp) half‐sib populations for herbicide response variability, several were observed to segregate for resistance to atrazine. Studies were conducted on greenhouse‐grown A tuberculatus plants to compare atrazine responses among populations that were segregating for resistance (SegR), uniformly sensitive (UniS) or uniformly resistant (UniR). In chlorophyll fluorescence assays, leaves of plants from the SegR and UniS populations displayed changes in fluorescence after treatment with atrazine, indicating that atrazine was inhibiting electron transport of photosystem II in chloroplasts. Sequencing of a fragment of psbA, which encodes the D1 protein, revealed that the SegR population did not contain the amino acid substitution that is typically found in triazine‐resistant plants. Whole‐plant herbicide dose‐response experiments revealed that, relative to the UniS population, atrazine resistances in the UniR and SegR populations were >770‐fold and 16‐fold, respectively. The SegR population was also resistant to cyanazine (59‐fold), but not to metribuzin, linuron or pyridate. Triazine resistance in the SegR population was shown to be a nuclear inherited trait, unlike maternal inheritance of site‐of‐action mediated triazine resistance found in the UniR population. Taken collectively, these findings confirm the existence of two distinct triazine resistance mechanisms in A tuberculatus. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
Cloning and expression analysis of the ATP‐binding cassette transporter gene MFABC1 and the alternative oxidase gene MfAOX1 from Monilinia fructicola
Authors: Schnabel Guido , Dai Qun , Paradkar Manjiri R 
Published: September 2003

AbstractBrown rot, caused by Monilinia fructicola (G Wint) Honey, is a serious disease of peach in all commercial peach production areas in the USA, including South Carolina where it has been primarily controlled by pre‐harvest application of 14‐α demethylation (DMI) fungicides for more than 15 years. Recently, the Qo fungicide azoxystrobin was registered for brown rot control and is currently being investigated for its potential as a DMI fungicide rotation partner because of its different mode of action. In an effort to investigate molecular mechanisms of DMI and Qo fungicide resistance in M fructicola, the ABC transporter gene MfABC1 and the alternative oxidase gene MfAOX1 were cloned to study their potential role in conferring fungicide resistance. The MfABC1 gene was 4380 bp in length and contained one intron of 71 bp. The gene revealed high amino acid homologies with atrB from Aspergillus nidulans (Eidam) Winter, an ABC transporter conferring resistance to many fungicides, including DMI fungicides. MfABC1 gene expression was induced after myclobutanil and propiconazole treatment in isolates with low sensitivity to the same fungicides, and in an isolate with high sensitivity to propiconazole. The results suggest that the MfABC1 gene may be a DMI fungicide resistance determinant in M fructicola.The alternative oxidase gene MfAOX1 from M fructicola was cloned and gene expression was analyzed. The MfAOX1 gene was 1077 bp in length and contained two introns of 54 and 67 bp. The amino acid sequence was 63.8, 63.8 and 57.7% identical to alternative oxidases from Venturia inaequalis (Cooke) Winter, Aspergillus niger van Teighem and A nidulans, respectively. MfAOX1 expression in some but not all M fructicola isolates was induced in mycelia treated with azoxystrobin. Azoxystrobin at 2 µg ml−1 significantly induced MfAOX1 expression in isolates with low MfAOX1 constitutive expression levels. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
The potential removal of imidacloprid from water by heat‐treated kerolites
Authors: Socías‐Viciana M , González‐Pradas E , Saifi M , Ureña‐Amate MD , Flores‐Céspedes F , Fernández‐Pérez M 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe adsorption of imidacloprid [1‐(6‐chloro‐3‐pyridinylmethyl)‐N‐nitroimidazolidin‐2‐ylideneamine] on heat‐treated kerolite samples at 110 °C (K‐110), 200 °C (K‐200), 400 °C (K‐400) and 600 °C (K‐600) from pure water solution at 25 °C has been studied. The evolution of the surface properties of the kerolite samples, such as specific surface area and porosity, after heat treatment were analysed. The clays were characterised by using FTIR spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric and differential thermogravimetric analysis, surface analysis and Hg porosimetry. The experimental adsorption data points were fitted to the Freundlich equation in order to calculate the adsorption capacities (Kf) of the samples; Kf values ranged from 242 mg kg−1 for the K‐110 sample to 1005 mg kg−1 for the K‐600 sample. The values obtained for the removal efficiency (R) ranged from 62.8% for K‐110 to 87.2% for K‐600. The adsorption experiments showed that the stronger the heat treatment, the more effective was the adsorption of imidacloprid from pure water. This work shows the potential use of heat‐activated kerolite for the removal of imidacloprid from environmental waters and drinking water resources. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
Biotypic and pest status differences between Hungarian and South African populations of Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Kurdjumov) (Homoptera: Aphididae)
Authors: Basky Zsuzsa 
Published: September 2003

AbstractRussian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Kurdjumov) is a severe pest of cereals in South Africa and in the USA. In order to reduce D noxia damage, intensive resistance breeding programs have been undertaken, resulting in D noxia‐resistant cultivars that are now widely used in South Africa and in the USA. However, there appear to be differences in the ability of different populations of D noxia to damage these resistant cereal cultivars. To determine whether different biotypes of D noxia are present, damage to eight wheat cultivars was compared when they were exposed to either Hungarian or South African aphid strains. It appeared that the Hungarian CVS MV Magdaléna, MV Magvas, and MV 17 were susceptible to D noxia from both Hungary and South Africa. The susceptible South African CV Betta was also severely damaged regardless of the country of origin of the aphids. None of the cultivars resistant in South Africa (Caledon, SST 333, SST 972 and Halt) were, however, resistant to Hungarian populations of D noxia.These cultivars, which carry resistance genes originating from the breeding lines PI 262660, PI 137739 and PI 372129, were severely damaged by the Hungarian D noxia. Apart from the highly resistant CV Halt, the resistant cultivars used in this study were developed in South Africa, with the biotype present there. Damage to all cultivars tested was significantly more severe in response to Hungarian than to South African D noxia, indicating that a more damaging aphid biotype occurs in Hungary. However, D noxia has not yet become a pest of wheat in Hungary, possibly due to a difference in cultural practices. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
Insect peptide hormones: a selective review of their physiology and potential application for pest control
Authors: Gäde Gerd , Goldsworthy Graham J 
Published: September 2003

AbstractOur knowledge on primary structure, synthesis, release, receptor binding, structure–activity relationships, mode of action and degradation of, mainly, neuropeptides from insects has increased dramatically during the last 10 years or so. Here, five case studies are presented, which deal selectively with effects on: reproduction (trypsin modulating oostatic factor in mosquito); energy metabolism, locomotion and the immune system (adipokinetic hormones); water and ion balance, and feeding behaviour (diuretic hormones, kinins, sulfakinins); sex attraction (pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide); and growth and development, and muscle activity (allatostatins). The literature is reviewed in the context of how the knowledge on neuropeptides has been and can be used for the design of novel, safe and selective compounds to control pest insects in the foreseeable future. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
Tuned aperture computed tomography (TACT®) for cross‐sectional implant site assessment in the posterior mandible
Authors: Rashedi Behnoush , Tyndall Donald A. , Ludlow John B. , Chaffee Nancy R. , Guckes Albert D. 
Published: September 2003

Purpose This study was designed to optimize a new radiographic modality known as tuned aperture computed tomography (TACT) for cross‐sectional imaging of implant sites in human dry mandibles.Materials and Methods Five imaging modalities were compared for image quality and measurement accuracy: (1) conventional hypocycloidal tomograms, (2) TACT images reconstructed using the average method produced using a linear x‐ray source movement, (3) TACT images reconstructed using the average method produced using a multidirectional x‐ray source movement, (4) minimally reconstructed TACT images without a fiducial marker at the site of interest, and (5) minimally reconstructed TACT images with a fiducial marker at the site of interest.Results The extended Mantel‐Haenszel mean score statistic was used to investigate the influence of modality on subjective image quality. A statistically significant difference for certain types of TACT images and multidirectional tomography (P < 0.0001) was observed. Linear TACT and multmin TACT were rated as significantly better than other image modalities (P < 0.0009), whereas multidirectional tomography was rated as being significantly worse than other radiographic modalities (P < 0.0001). For the quantitative assessment, data were normalized and analyzed statistically through a paired‐comparisons t test. For each modality, the accuracy for maximum height and height was significantly different from ground truth (P < 0.05).Conclusion The qualitative data suggest that visibility of structures important to the choice of implant location and dimension were seen better with certain TACT methods. Quantitative differences from ground truth (actual measurements of the bone‐absolute truth) were clinically negligible. TACT appears to offer the potential of superior image quality over the status quo.
Clinical evaluation of resilient denture liners. Part 2: candida count and speciation
Authors: Brosky Mary E. , Pesun Igor J. , Morrison Brad , Hodges James S. , Lai Juey H. , Liljemark William 
Published: September 2003

Purpose The purpose of this study was to count and to speciate Candida isolated from 2 resilient denture liners, Molloplast‐B and MPDS‐SL.Materials and Methods A group of 20 patients each had 1 maxillary denture and 2 mandibular dentures fabricated. One mandibular denture was lined with Molloplast‐B, and 1 was lined with MPDS‐SL. Each denture was used for 3 months. At the end of the 3‐month period, the mandibular denture was surrendered, and a 5 × 5‐mm circular resilient liner sample was obtained from the tissue surface of the lingual flange. Samples were processed, and Candida was isolated and counted. Speciation of Candida was performed using CHROMagar Candida and API 20C AUX strips.Results Molloplast‐B had, on average, 5 times as many CFU/sample as MPDSL‐SL, but this difference was not significant (p= 0.26). A sign test gave a similar nonsignificant trend (p= 0.057). CHROMagar identified several Candida species, and confirmation was made using API 20C AUX strips. One patient was lost to follow‐up. Of 19 Molloplast‐B samples, 7 had no growth, 4 grew C. albicans, 3 grew C. parapsilosis, 2 grew C. glabrata, 1 grew C. tropicalis, 2 grew a Trichosporon spp., and 2 grew a nonidentifiable colony. The analogous counts for 19 MPDS‐SL samples were 10, 4, 1, 3, 0, 1, and 1 (p= 0.45 for culture positively, exact McNemar test).Conclusions Candida growth on Molloplast‐B was not significantly different from growth on MPDS‐SL. Several yeast species were cultured from each material. The rates of culture‐positive testing did not differ between the 2 resilient denture liners.
The effect of a denture adhesive on the colonization of candida species in vivo
Authors: Kim Eunghwan , Driscoll Carl F. , Minah Glenn E. 
Published: September 2003

Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a single denture adhesive on oral quantities of Candida species in vivo by determination of absolute and proportional counts of Candida species on dentures and in saliva of individuals who used this denture adhesive for a period of 14 days.Materials and methods Samples were collected from saliva and maxillary dentures of 12 patients who wore existing dentures without adhesives for 2 weeks, then wore dentures with adhesive (Poly Grip Free; Glaxo Smith Kline, U.K.) for 2 weeks. Periodically, maxillary dentures were sampled by adding saline to the intaglio surface, dispersing by sonication and removing aliquots for culturing. These aliquots and saliva were diluted and plated in duplicate on bismuth sulfite, glycerine, and glucose yeast agar (Biggy) for recovery of Candida and on trypticase soy agar for total viable counts (TVC) of the microbiota. After 72 hours of incubation at 37°C in air with 10% CO2, colony‐forming units were enumerated. In each individual, absolute counts of Candida and TVC, and proportional counts of Candida relative to TVC were compared and statistically evaluated during the periods of no adhesive use (control) and adhesive use (test).Results There were no statistically significant differences between the test and control periods for recovery of total Candida or TVC in saliva or on dentures, or the percent of Candida relative to TVC in saliva or on dentures.Conclusion Within the limitations of this study, the data suggested that the denture adhesive tested did not significantly alter the denture microbiota during the 14‐day trial period.
Relative wear of enamel opposing low‐fusing dental porcelain
Authors: Clelland Nancy L. , Agarwala Vaishali , Knobloch Lisa A. , Seghi Robert R. 
Published: September 2003

Purpose This study evaluated the wear of human enamel opposing 5 low‐fusing dental porcelains and a traditional feldspathic control. In a second experiment, the repeatability of the test method and the effect of ceramic overfiring on enamel wear were also evaluated.Materials and Methods Five low‐fusing dental porcelains‐Finesse (FI), Rhapsody (RP), IPS d.Sign (DS), Omega 900 (OM), and Duceram LFC (LFC)‐and 1 traditional feldspathic porcelain‐VMK 68 (VMK)‐were formed into disks (n= 10) and used as substrate for the wear test. Enamel was harvested from extracted human molars and machined into cusps with a 5‐mm spherical radius (n= 60). The Oregon Health Sciences University oral wear simulator was used to simulate chewing and the size of the resulting enamel wear facets (in mm2) were evaluated after a specified number of chewing cycles. A portion of the experiment was duplicated to assess the repeatability of the data and determine the effects of overfiring on enamel wear. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and post hoc tests to determine significant differences. After wear testing, scanning electron micrographs were made using representative ceramic samples from each group.Results The results indicate that none of the low‐fusing ceramics resulted in significantly less wear than the VMK control. In fact, 3 of the low‐fusing porcelains (OM, RP, LFC) resulted in significantly greater enamel wear than VMK. Enamel wear was not significantly affected (p= 0.29) by the increased ceramic firing temperature. Wear data were repeatable, with no significant difference (p= 0.56) between the enamel wear from 2 separate experiments. The results from both experiments indicated that ceramic material significantly affected enamel wear (p <0.001). There was significantly less enamel wear opposite DS than LFC.Conclusions This work suggests that variations in ceramic composition and microstructure may affect the opposing enamel wear, but that low‐fusing temperatures do not necessarily guarantee low enamel wear. Although the clinical relevance of this testing apparatus may be questioned, the testing method was repeatable.
Survey of recently board‐certified prosthodontists on the board‐certification process. Part 2: Preparation and impact
Authors: Rashedi Behnoush , Abt Joy Bockstein , Petropoulos Vicki C. 
Published: September 2003

Purpose A 2‐part survey of recently board‐certified prosthodontists was conducted in 2001. The first part of the survey, published in June 2003, determined the trends that assisted the candidates in attaining diplomate status. The second part of the survey was done to determine the preparation methods and resources used to prepare for the examination, the most difficult part of the examination, the most gratifying aspect of becoming board‐certified, their current employment status, and whether board certification had any positive impact on their employment.Materials and Methods A questionnaire was mailed to 176 diplomates who had become board certified between the years 1993–2001. Of these, 131 board‐certified prosthodontists returned the completed survey, resulting in a response rate of 74%.Results Results from this survey showed that 91% of the diplomates had taken the American College of Prosthodontists (ACP) Board Preparation course; most of the diplomates (41%) prepared for the boards by reviewing prosthodontic literature, reading textbooks, using the ACP Study Guide, and seeking the help of other board‐certified prosthodontists; 89% of the diplomates felt that achieving board certification had a positive influence in their employment; 39% of the diplomates indicated that Part 2 of the examination was the most difficult to prepare for, and 41% indicated that Part 2 was the most difficult section; the majority of diplomates (31%) were employed by the military, and the most gratifying aspect of becoming board‐certified was personal accomplishment (83%).Conclusions Trends were observed regarding prosthodontists who succeeded with their efforts to challenge the board examination. The majority of the diplomates were employed by the military. Most of the respondents indicated that they took the ACP Board Preparation course and found it helpful. The largest percentage of respondents reported that Part 2 was both the most difficult part to prepare for, as well as the most difficult to complete. The most gratifying aspect of becoming board‐certified was personal accomplishment.
A retrospective comparison of two definitive impression techniques and their associated postinsertion adjustments in complete denture prosthodontics
Authors: Drago Carl J. 
Published: September 2003

Purpose To compare the number of postinsertion adjustment visits required by edentulous patients whose dentures were made from border‐molded definitive impressions using modeling plastic impression compound (traditional technique) with patients whose dentures were made from border‐molded definitive impressions using heavy‐body vinyl polysiloxane impression material.Materials and methods In this retrospective clinical study, 78 patients were treated with the traditional technique (custom impression trays border molded with gray modeling plastic impression compound) and 78 were treated with the modified technique (custom impression trays border molded with heavy‐body vinyl polysiloxane impression material). In both techniques, definitive wash impressions were made with light‐body vinyl polysiloxane impression material. Postinsertion visits were quantified for 1 year after the dentures were inserted.Results The average number of adjustment visits for patients treated with the traditional technique was 2.68. The average number of adjustment visits for patients treated with the modified technique was 2.68. The data were compared using Student t tests. There was no significant difference in the number of adjustments required for patients whose dentures were made with either technique (t= 0.000, p= 1.00). There was no significant difference in the number of post‐insertion visits required by patients from either population.Conclusions Within the limitations of this clinical study, border‐molding custom denture impression trays with vinyl polysiloxane impression material provided similar results in terms of postinsertion visits for one year as compared to dentures made from impressions border molded with modeling plastic impression compound.