bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Erythropoietin reduces the degree of arthritis caused by type II collagen in the mouse
Authors: Cuzzocrea Salvatore , Mazzon Emanuela , di Paola Rosanna , Genovese Tiziana , Patel Nimesh S. A. , Britti Domenico , de Majo Massimo , Caputi Achille P. , Thiemermann Christoph 
Published: March 2005

AbstractObjectiveErythropoietin (EPO) is a potent stimulator of erythroid progenitor cells, and its expression is enhanced by hypoxia. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of EPO on collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA) in the mouse.MethodsCIA was induced by intradermal injection of bovine type II collagen (CII) and Freund's complete adjuvant. Starting on day 25, some of the mice with CIA received daily subcutaneous injections of EPO (1,000 units/kg). Two other groups of mice received sham treatment alone or sham treatment followed by EPO treatment, respectively. Arthritis was assessed clinically, radiologically, and histologically. Cytokine and chemokine levels were measured, and neutrophil infiltration into inflamed joints was quantitated. Immunohistochemistry studies were performed to measure protein nitrosylation. Chondrocyte apoptosis was assessed by TUNEL assay.ResultsMacroscopic clinical evidence of CIA first appeared as periarticular erythema and edema in the hind paws. The incidence of CIA was 100% by day 27 in the CII‐challenged mice, and the severity of CIA progressed over a 35‐day period, with radiographic evaluation revealing focal resorption of bone. Histopathologic features of CIA included erosion of the cartilage at the joint margins. Treatment with EPO starting at the onset of arthritis (day 25) ameliorated the clinical signs on days 26–35 and improved histologic status in the joints and paws. The degree of oxidative and nitrosative damage was significantly reduced in EPO‐treated mice as indicated by decreased nitrotyrosine formation and poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase activation. Plasma levels of the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor α were also significantly reduced by EPO treatment. In addition, EPO reduced the levels of apoptosis in chondrocytes in articular cartilage, as indicated by decreased TUNEL staining.ConclusionThese findings demonstrate that EPO exerts an antiinflammatory effect during chronic inflammation and is able to ameliorate the tissue damage associated with CIA.
Febuxostat, a novel nonpurine selective inhibitor of xanthine oxidase: A twenty‐eight–day, multicenter, phase II, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, dose‐response clinical trial examining safety and efficacy in patients with gout
Authors: Becker Michael A. , Schumacher H. Ralph , Wortmann Robert L. , MacDonald Patricia A. , Palo William A. , Eustace Denise , Vernillet Laurent , Joseph‐Ridge Nancy 
Published: March 2005

AbstractObjectiveGout affects ∼1–2% of the American population. Current options for treating hyperuricemia in chronic gout are limited. The purpose of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of febuxostat, a nonpurine selective inhibitor of xanthine oxidase, in establishing normal serum urate (sUA) concentrations in gout patients with hyperuricemia (≥8.0 mg/dl).MethodsWe conducted a phase II, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial in 153 patients (ages 23–80 years). Subjects received febuxostat (40 mg, 80 mg, 120 mg) or placebo once daily for 28 days and colchicine prophylaxis for 14 days prior to and 14 days after randomization. The primary end point was the proportion of subjects with sUA levels <6.0 mg/dl on day 28.ResultsGreater proportions of febuxostat‐treated patients than placebo‐treated patients achieved an sUA level <6.0 mg/dl at each visit (P < 0.001 for each comparison). The targeted sUA level was attained on day 28 in 0% of those taking placebo and in 56% of those taking 40 mg, 76% taking 80 mg, and 94% taking 120 mg of febuxostat. The mean sUA reduction from baseline to day 28 was 2% in the placebo group and 37% in the 40‐mg, 44% in the 80‐mg, and 59% in the 120‐mg febuxostat groups. Gout flares occurred with similar frequency in the placebo (37%) and 40‐mg febuxostat (35%) groups and with increased frequency in the higher dosage febuxostat groups (43% taking 80 mg; 55% taking 120 mg). During colchicine prophylaxis, gout flares occurred less frequently (8–13%). Incidences of treatment‐related adverse events were similar in the febuxostat and placebo groups.ConclusionTreatment with febuxostat resulted in a significant reduction of sUA levels at all dosages. Febuxostat therapy was safe and well tolerated.
A novel ultrasonographic synovitis scoring system suitable for analyzing finger joint inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Scheel Alexander K. , Hermann Kay‐Geert A. , Kahler Elke , Pasewaldt Daniel , Fritz Jacqueline , Hamm Bernd , Brunner Edgar , Müller Gerhard A. , Burmester Gerd R. , Backhaus Marina 
Published: March 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo develop an ultrasonographic (US) synovitis scoring system suitable for evaluation of finger joint inflammation in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to compare semiquantitative US scoring with quantitative US measurements.MethodsUS was performed at the palmar and dorsal sides of the second through fifth metacarpophalangeal (MCP) and proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints in 10 healthy subjects and in the clinically more affected hand in 46 RA patients. Ten patients additionally underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Synovitis was measured, standardized, and scored according to a semiquantitative method. The 2 methods (semiquantitative US scoring, quantitative US) were compared and statistical cutoffs were identified using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. MRI results were compared with semiquantitative US scoring and quantitative US results. The optimal US scoring method from 6 joint combinations was identified (ROC curve analysis).ResultsSynovitis was most frequently detected in the palmar proximal area (86% of affected joints). We found no significant differences between individual PIP joints or between individual MCP joints, indicating that all fingers within each of these joint groups should be treated equally for statistical calculations, although each joint group as a whole should be treated separately. The optimal cutoff point to distinguish between “health” and “pathology” was 0.6 mm both for MCP joints (sensitivity 94%, specificity 89%) and for PIP joints (sensitivity 90%, specificity 88%). There was no significant difference between semiquantitative US scores and quantitative US measurements. The best results for joint combinations were achieved using the “sum of 4 fingers” (second through fifth MCP and PIP joints) and “sum of 3 fingers” (second through fourth MCP and PIP joints) methods. Comparison of MRI results with semiquantitative US scores revealed high concordance.ConclusionUS evaluation of finger joint synovitis can be considerably simplified by focusing on the palmar side and by applying semiquantitative grading instead of quantitative measurements. For evaluation of treatment efficacy based on synovitis in RA patients, we recommend using the “sum of 3 fingers” method in longitudinal trials.
Magnetic resonance imaging evidence of tendinopathy in early rheumatoid arthritis predicts tendon rupture at six years
Authors: McQueen Fiona , Beckley Vaughan , Crabbe Jeff , Robinson Elizabeth , Yeoman Sue , Stewart Neal 
Published: March 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evidence of tendinopathy in early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) could be used to predict the course of tendon involvement in later disease and specifically the risk of tendon rupture.MethodsThe occurrence, pattern, and progression of tendinopathy were studied prospectively over 6 years in a cohort of patients who had presented with RA. Of 42 patients enrolled, full MRI and clinical data were available for 31 at 6 years. MRI scans of the dominant wrist were scored for tendinopathy by 2 radiologists using a validated system. These data were compared with MRI synovitis, erosion scores, and disease activity measures. Prognostic factors for tendon inflammation and rupture were sought.ResultsThirty‐four patients (81%) had MRI evidence of tendinopathy at baseline, falling to 59% at 1 year and 68% at 6 years. The most commonly affected site was the extensor carpi ulnaris. MRI tendinopathy and synovitis scores were correlated at baseline (r = 0.37, P = 0.01) and 1 year (r = 0.45, P = 0.003) but not at 6 years (r = 0.11, P = 0.5). The strongest predictor of the 6‐year tendinopathy score was the 1‐year tendinopathy score (R2 = 0.36, P = 0.0003 [β = 1.28, SE = 0.31]). In 4 patients, extensor tendon rupture had occurred by 6 years. Their baseline and 1‐year tendinopathy scores were higher than in the nonrupture group (medians 2.8 versus 1.0 [P = 0.04] and 4.3 versus 0.8 [P = 0.03], respectively), as were their Health Assessment Questionnaire scores (1.33 versus 0.54 [P = 0.02], 1.18 versus 0.25 [P = 0.03], and 0.98 versus 0.37 [P = 0.01] at 0, 1, and 6 years, respectively). For the group as a whole, the baseline tendinopathy score was predictive of rupture at 6 years (odds ratio [OR] 1.52, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.02–2.32, P = 0.03), as was the 1‐year score (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.03–2.04, P = 0.02).ConclusionMRI can be used to quantify tendinopathy at the wrist in RA patients. High scores in early disease were predictive of tendon rupture in a small group of patients, but further studies are required to determine whether this has clinical relevance.
Accelerating effect of an MRL gene locus on the severity and onset of arthropathy in DBA/1 mice
Authors: Oishi Hisashi , Miyazaki Tatsuhiko , Mizuki Shinichi , Kamogawa Junji , Lu Ling‐Min , Tsubaki Takahito , Arita Norimasa , Ono Masao , Yamamoto Haruyasu , Nose Masato 
Published: March 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo analyze the influence of the genetic background of an arthritis‐prone strain of mice, MRL, on the spontaneous development of arthropathy in DBA/1 mice, which histopathologically resembles enthesopathy in humans, and to clarify the strain‐specific gene loci and their interactions that confer susceptibility to arthropathy.MethodsMRL, DBA/1, (MRL × DBA/1)F1, and (MRL × DBA/1)F2 intercross mice were prepared, and the severity and onset of arthropathy of the ankle joints in individual mice were quantified (0–3 and 0–5 scale, respectively). A genome‐wide scan of 271 male F2 intercross mice with polymorphic microsatellite markers was performed.ResultsOnly male DBA/1, (MRL × DBA/1)F1, and (MRL × DBA/1)F2 mice developed arthropathy. The macroscopic and histopathologic findings of arthropathy in the F2 mice were similar to those in the parental DBA/1 mice, but the onset was significantly earlier. In the quantitative trait locus analysis of male F2 mice, 1 susceptibility locus for both the severity and early onset of the disease in the region of an MRL allele, Amd1, was located at marker D10Mit259 (map position 40.0 cM), which was common to 1 of the sialadenitis susceptibility loci in MRL mice, Asm1. Another susceptibility locus for the severity and early onset of arthropathy in the region of a DBA allele, Amd2, was located at D3Mit46 (29.5 cM). These loci manifested an additive effect on the development of arthropathy.ConclusionArthropathy in DBA/1 mice is under the control of an allelic combination of gene loci, one of which is common to the locus for sialadenitis in MRL/MpJ‐lpr/lpr mice.
A two‐year prospective controlled study of bone mass and bone turnover in children with early juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Authors: Lien Gunhild , Selvaag Anne M. , Flatø Berit , Haugen Margaretha , Vinje Odd , Sørskaar Dag , Dale Knut , Egeland Thore , Førre Øystein 
Published: March 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo explore early changes and predictors of bone mass in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) in order to identify patients who will develop bone mass reductions.MethodsWe conducted a prospective cohort study of 108 children with early JIA (ages 6–18 years; mean disease duration 19.3 months) who were individually matched with 108 healthy children for age, sex, race, and county of residence. Bone mass and changes in total body, spine, femur, and forearm bone mineral density and bone mineral content (BMC), body composition, growth, and biochemical parameters of bone turnover were examined at baseline and at followup a mean of 24 months later. Low bone mass was defined as a Z score >1 SD below the reference population.ResultsOf the 200 children evaluated at followup, the 100 healthy children had greater gains in total body BMC (P = 0.035), distal radius BMC (P < 0.001), and total body lean mass (P < 0.001) than did the 100 JIA patients. Low or very low total body BMC was observed in 24% of the patients and 12% of the healthy children. Bone formation, bone resorption, and weight‐bearing activities were reduced in the patients compared with the healthy children. Multiple regression analysis showed that in patients with JIA, serum bone‐specific alkaline phosphatase, serum C‐telopeptide of type I collagen, and weight‐bearing activities were independent predictors of changes in total body BMC. Total body BMC was lower in patients with polyarticular onset than in those with oligoarticular disease onset.ConclusionPatients with JIA have moderate reductions in bone mass gains, bone turnover, and total body lean mass early in the disease course.
Construction, verification and experimental use of two epitope‐tagged collections of budding yeast strains
Authors: Howson Russell , Huh Won‐Ki , Ghaemmaghami Sina , Falvo James V. , Bower Kiowa , Belle Archana , Dephoure Noah , Wykoff Dennis D. , Weissman Jonathan S. , O'Shea Erin K. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractA major challenge in the post‐genomic era is the development of experimental approaches to monitor the properties of proteins on a proteome‐wide level. It would be particularly useful to systematically assay protein subcellular localization, post‐translational modifications and protein–protein interactions, both at steady state and in response to environmental stimuli. Development of new reagents and methods will enhance our ability to do so efficiently and systematically. Here we describe the construction of two collections of budding yeast strains that facilitate proteome‐wide measurements of protein properties. These collections consist of strains with an epitope tag integrated at the C‐terminus of essentially every open reading frame (ORF), one with the tandem affinity purification (TAP) tag, and one with the green fluorescent protein (GFP) tag. We show that in both of these collections we have accurately tagged a high proportion of all ORFs (approximately 75% of the proteome) by confirming expression of the fusion proteins. Furthermore, we demonstrate the use of the TAP collection in performing high‐throughput immunoprecipitation experiments. Building on these collections and the methods described in this paper, we hope that the yeast community will expand both the quantity and type of proteome level data available. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A system for identifying named entities in biomedical text: how results from two evaluations reflect on both the system and the evaluations
Authors: Dingare Shipra , Nissim Malvina , Finkel Jenny , Manning Christopher , Grover Claire 
Published: March 2005

AbstractWe present a maximum entropy‐based system for identifying named entities (NEs) in biomedical abstracts and present its performance in the only two biomedical named entity recognition (NER) comparative evaluations that have been held to date, namely BioCreative and Coling BioNLP. Our system obtained an exact match F‐score of 83.2% in the BioCreative evaluation and 70.1% in the BioNLP evaluation. We discuss our system in detail, including its rich use of local features, attention to correct boundary identification, innovative use of external knowledge resources, including parsing and web searches, and rapid adaptation to new NE sets. We also discuss in depth problems with data annotation in the evaluations which caused the final performance to be lower than optimal. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New function spaces of BMO type, the John‐Nirenberg inequality, interpolation, and applications
Authors: Duong Xuan Thinh , Yan Lixin 
Published: March 2005

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce and develop some new function spaces of BMO (bounded mean oscillation) type on spaces of homogeneous type or measurable subsets of spaces of homogeneous type. The new function spaces are defined by variants of maximal functions associated with generalized approximations to the identity, and they generalize the classical BMO space. We show that the John‐Nirenberg inequality holds on these spaces and they interpolate withLpspaces by the complex interpolation method. We then give applications onLp‐boundedness of singular integrals whose kernels do not satisfy the Hörmander condition. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
What are the Implications of Nonequilibrium in the O+OH and O+HO2 Reactions?
Authors: Varandas A. J. C. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractVibrationally excited O2, OH, and HO2 species have been suggested (J. Phys. Chem. A 2004, 108, 758) to provide clues for explaining the “ozone deficit problem” and “HOx dilemma” in the middle atmosphere under conditions of local thermodynamic disequilibrium (LTD), but the question arises of how much LTD will affect the title ozone sink reactions. Besides providing novel kinetic results, it is shown that LTD tends to disfavor ozone depletion relative to traditional atmospheric modeling under Boltzmann equilibration, which is partly due to competition between the various reactive channels. The calculations also suggest that the title LTD processes can be important sources of highly vibrationally excited O2 in the middle atmosphere. Moreover, LTD is shown to offer an explanation for the fact that some down revision of the O+HO2 rate constant, or the ratio of the O+HO2 to O+OH rate constants, is required to improve agreement between the predictions of traditional modeling and observation. This, in turn, provides significant evidence supporting LTD at such altitudes.
CH⋅⋅⋅O Hydrogen Bonds in Cyclohexenone Reveal the Spectroscopic Behavior of CH and CH Donors
Authors: Nolasco Mariela M. , Ribeiro‐Claro Paulo J. A. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractCH⋅⋅⋅O hydrogen bonds in liquid 2‐cyclohexen‐1‐one are studied to assess the vibrational spectroscopic behavior of the CH and CH donors. The presence of a pseudo‐isosbestic point in the νCO region supports the assignment of the two observed bands to two species in equilibrium, considered to be the free and 1:1 associated forms. The values of ΔH°=−18.5±0.6 kJ mol−1 and ΔS°=−76±2 J K−1 mol−1 for the dimerization through CH⋅⋅⋅O hydrogen bonds were obtained from the dimerization constant at different temperatures. The concentrationdependent intensity of the νCH2 band profile is ascribed to the presence of a blue‐shifted band from the hydrogen‐bonded CH group. However, the most surprising result is the absence of concentration‐ or temperature‐dependent intensities in the bands assigned to the stretching modes of the CH donors.
Towards very high‐order accurate schemes for unsteady convection problems on unstructured meshes
Authors: Abgrall R. , Andrianov N. , Mezine M. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractWe construct several high‐order residual‐distribution methods for two‐dimensional unsteady scalar advection on triangular unstructured meshes. For the first class of methods, we interpolate the solution in the space–time element. We start by calculating the first‐order node residuals, then we calculate the high‐order cell residual, and modify the first‐order residuals to obtain high accuracy. For the second class of methods, we interpolate the solution in space only, and use high‐order finite difference approximation for the time derivative. In doing so, we arrive at a multistep residual‐distribution scheme. We illustrate the performance of both methods on several standard test problems. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
AML M3 and AML M3 variant each have a distinct gene expression signature but also share patterns different from other genetically defined AML subtypes
Authors: Haferlach Torsten , Kohlmann Alexander , Schnittger Susanne , Dugas Martin , Hiddemann Wolfgang , Kern Wolfgang , Schoch Claudia 
Published: March 2005

AbstractAcute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) with t(15;17) appears in two phenotypes: AML M3, with abnormal promyelocytes showing heavy granulation and bundles of Auer rods, and AML M3 variant (M3v), with non‐ or hypogranular cytoplasm and a bilobed nucleus. We investigated the global gene expression profiles of 35 APL patients (19 AML M3, 16 AML M3v) by using high‐density DNA‐oligonucleotide microarrays. First, an unsupervised approach clearly separated APL samples from other AMLs characterized genetically as t(8;21) (n = 35), inv(16) (n = 35), or t(11q23)/MLL (n = 35) or as having a normal karyotype (n = 50). Second, we found genes with functional relevance for blood coagulation that were differentially expressed between APL and other AMLs. Furthermore, a supervised pairwise comparison between M3 and M3v revealed differential expression of genes that encode for biological functions and pathways such as granulation and maturation of hematologic cells, explaining morphologic and clinical differences. Discrimination between M3 and M3v based on gene signatures showed a median classification accuracy of 90% by use of 10‐fold CV and support vector machines. Additional molecular mutations such as FLT3‐LM, which were significantly more frequent in M3v than in M3 (P < 0.0001), may partly contribute to the different phenotypes. However, linear regression analysis demonstrated that genes differentially expressed between M3 and M3v did not correlate with FLT3‐LM. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of the tumor promoter phenobarbital on the pattern of global gene expression in liver of connexin32‐wild‐type and connexin32‐deficient mice
Authors: Stahl Sabine , Ittrich Carina , Marx‐Stoelting Philip , Köhle Christoph , Ott Thomas , Buchmann Albrecht , Schwarz Michael 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe antiepileptic drug phenobarbital (PB) is used frequently as a model tumor promoter in rodent liver. It is believed to increase the probability of cancer by accelerating the clonal expansion of cells transformed during tumor initiation. The molecular mechanism underlying this process is only partly understood but seems to require the function of connexin32 (Cx32), one of the 2 gap junction proteins expressed in hepatocytes. PB mediates transcriptional activation of various genes in liver but which of these are relevant for tumor promotion is unknown. We have used oligonucleotide microarrays to identify genes differentially modulated in expression by PB in liver of Cx32‐wild‐type and Cx32‐null mice. Mice of both strains were kept on PB containing (0.05%) or control diet for 2 weeks. Total liver RNA was isolated from 3 mice per experimental group and reverse transcribed; cDNAs were hybridized to oligonucleotide microarrays and a gene‐by‐gene linear model was used for statistical analysis of data. Five genes were identified as induced or repressed in untreated Cx32‐null as compared to untreated Cx32‐wild‐type mice. PB affected the expression of 53 genes, of which 13 code for members of Phase‐I/II of drug metabolism, and 12 genes were differentially affected in expression by PB in Cx32‐null as compared to Cx32‐wild‐type mice. Among the differentially affected genes that could be verified by quantitative RT‐PCR or Western analysis were the insulin like growth factor binding protein‐1, retinol dehydrogenase‐6 and the Y‐chromosomally located gene Dby, among which may be a candidate of relevance for PB‐mediated tumor promotion. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.