bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the correlation of binary Liquid‐Liquid Equilibria of dipolar aprotic solvents with saturated hydrocarbons
Authors: Kietz E. , Bittrich H.‐J. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe results of the correlation of binary liquid‐liquid equilibria data in the title systems demonstrate the importance of the correct description of the critical region with the applied model equations.Using the Cox‐Herington model and equations characterizing common features in the thermodynamic behaviour in these mixtures general rules for solubility and critical mixing data were derived and tested.
Synthesis and X‐ray structure analysis of 2‐[cyano(aryl)‐methylene]‐imidazolidines, ‐hexahydropyrimidines, and ‐hexahydro‐1H‐1,3‐diazepines
Authors: Huang Zhi‐Tang , Gan Wei‐Xing , Wang Xiao‐Jun 
Published: December 2004

Abstract2‐[Cyano(aryl)methylene]‐imidazolidines (7), ‐hexahydropyrimidines (8) and ‐hexahydro‐1H‐1,3‐diazepines (9) were synthesized by the reaction of (dimethylthiomethylene)‐phenylacetonitriles (6) with ethylenediamine, 1,3‐diaminopropane and 1,4‐diaminobutane, respectively. These molecules were designed to study the tautomeric equilibrium between the ketene aminal form and the amidine form by changing the substituent on the para position of the phenyl group. But all the products obtained were the ketene aminals. Because the phenyl group was twisted over 30° from the plane containing the two nitrogen atoms and the double bond as shown by the crystal structure of 7a, 8a and 9a, the substituents had no effect on the equilibrium.
Secosteroids. I. Synthesis of vic‐Diols in B‐Secocholestane Group
Authors: Rodewald W. J. , Piotrowski G. T. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe transformation of 3‐β‐methoxycholest‐5‐en‐7‐on 1 into B‐secodiols 10, 11 and 12 is described. Reduction of lactone 2, obtained from 1, yielded diol 5 which was acetylated to monoacetate 6. The latter, after dehydration to a mixture of olefins and its hydroxylation, afforded the final products 10, 11 and 12. It has been established that in the reaction of monoacetate 6 with phosphorous oxychloride in pyridine in addition to the β‐elimination, migration of a double bond and Wagner‐Meerwein rearrangement occur.
Der „Normalisierungsfaktor”︁ für die Tomatenmutante Chloronerva. XXXIII. Synthese von Glycinanaloga des Nicotianamins
Authors: Faust J. , Schreiber K. 
Published: December 2004

The Normalizing Factor for the Tomato Mutant chloronerva. XXXIII. Synthesis of Glycine Analogues of NicotianamineThe sarcosine analogue 16 and the glycine analogue 17 of nicotianamine (1) were synthesized by stepwise combination of the sarcosine and glycine esters, respectively, and the protected (S)‐aspartic‐β‐semialdehyde 4 by reductive alkylation. Whereas the sarcosine analogue 16 showes nearly the same biological activity as nicotianamine, the glycine analogue 17 only exhibits a weak biological effect with regard to the phenotypical normalization of the tomato mutant chloronerva.
Photochemie von Bis‐2H‐tetrazolen. V. Kurzzeitspektroskopischer Nachweis von Bisnitriliminen
Authors: Weinberg P. , Grummt U. W. , Csongar Ch. 
Published: December 2004

Photochemistry of Bis‐2H‐tetrazoles. V. Flash Spectroscopic Indication of Bisnitrile IminesThe flash photolysis of bis‐2H‐tetrazoles 3‐‐hyphen;6 was investigated. Nitrile imines were detected spectroscopically as short living intermediates. The absorption maxima of the bis(nitrile imines) 9‐‐hyphen;12 are between 360 and 450 nm. The values are in agreement with those obtained by low temperature photolysis of bis‐2H‐tetrazoles. For some bis(nitrile imines) a strong influence of the temperature on the absorption maxima was found. The reaction kinetics of bis(nitrile imines) in ethanol and cyclohexane in the presence of acetic acid and acrylonitrile are described.
Kinetische Untersuchungen zum Alkylierungsvermögen von Dithiophosphorsäureestern im binären Solvensgemisch Methanol/Wasser [1, 2]
Authors: Füllbier B. , Schultze K. , Haberland D. 
Published: December 2004

Kinetic Investigations on the Alkylation Capacity of Dithiophosphoric Acid Triesters in Binary Solvent Mixtures Methanol/WaterThe influence of solvent polarity on the alkylation capacity of dithiophosphoric acid triesters towards the nucleophiles trimethylamine and monomethylamine is investigated. Different binary mixtures of methanol and water and also the pure compounds are used as solvents. The observed effects are described quantitatively on the basis of Linear Free Energy Relationships by means of empirical parameters of the solvent polarity. Good results are obtained by correlation of the rate constants with the concentration of the polar component cp by Langhals.
Studies on the Decomposition of Alkyl Hydroperoxides by different catalysts
Authors: Lauterbach Gerlinde , Pritzkow W. , Tien Tieu Dung , Voerckel V. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe catalytic decomposition of cumene, 1‐methylcyclohexyl and cyclohexyl hydroperoxides was studied in cyclohexane, cis‐ and trans‐1,4‐dimethylcyclohexane and cis‐pinane as the solvents. The stearates and the acetylacetonates of manganese, cobalt and chromium, the acetylacetonates of molybdenum and vanadium, n‐butyl orthoborate and n‐butyl metaborate were used as the catalysts. The chromium‐, vanadium‐, molybdenum‐ and boron‐containing catalysts brought about some Hock‐type decomposition of cumene hydroperoxide and thus proved to be acidic. Of these more of less acidic catalysts only molybdenyl acetylacetonate effected a partially stereospecific hydroxylation of the tertiary CH‐bonds in cis‐ and trans‐1,4‐dimethylcyclohexane. The well‐known selectivity of chromium catalysts for the ketone formation during the decomposition of secondary hydroperoxides is caused by the catalytic oxidatio of secondary alcohols by hydroperoxides in the presence of chromium compounds.In the presence of all the catalysts used the free‐radical pathways of the hydroperoxide decomposition predominated, and the attack of the intermediate radicals on the starting hydroperoxide was more important than the attack on the solvent molecules.
Amphiphile Aggregation in konzentrierten Säuren Grenzflächenaktivität von N‐(n‐Alkyl)‐pyridinium‐Salzen in Schwefelsäure
Authors: Müller Annerose , Miethchen R. 
Published: December 2004

Amphiphilic Aggregation in Concentrated Acids. Interfacial Activity from N‐(n‐Alkyl)‐Pyridinium Salts in Sulfuric AcidThe critical micelle concentration of N‐(n‐alkyl)‐pyridinium salts in sulfuric acid of different concentrations was determined by measurements of their surface tension and interfacial tension changes. The concentration of surface saturation Γmax and surface area per molecule F were calculated from the slope of decreasing parts of surface tension lines VS log c. The influence of counter ion and anorganic additives was studied.
Synthesis of pyrroles, a diazepindione and substituted 3‐aminoacrylonitriles by reaction of Bisalkylthioacrylonitriles with α‐aminoacid derivatives
Authors: Erdmann Barbara , Knoll A. , Liebscher J. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract3,3‐Bisalkylthioacrylonitriles (2), substituted by a cyano, carboxylate or amido group at position 2 react with derivatives 5 of α‐aminoacids by monosubstitution under the formation of 3‐carbonylmethylaminoacrylnitriles (6) or by substitution and cyclisation to 5‐alkylthio‐3‐aminopyrrole‐2‐carboxylates (7) or the tetrahydro‐1,4‐diazepin‐2,7‐dione (8).
On the Acetylation of Phenanthrene and 9‐chlorophenanthrene
Authors: Fernández Franco , Gómez Generosa , López Carmen , Santos Ana 
Published: December 2004

AbstractFriedel‐Crafts acetylation of phenanthrene (1a) in sym‐tetrachloroethane yields mixtures of 2‐, 3‐ and 9‐acetylphenanthrenes (2a, 3a, 4). The distribution of isomers is found to depend strongly upon the method of mixing the reagents. Acetylation of 9‐chlorophenanthrene (1b), performed by a variety of methods and solvents, led mainly to 3‐acetyl‐9‐chlorophenanthrene (3b) (≥85%). Previously unreported 2‐acetyl‐9‐chlorophenanthrene (2b) was found to form up to a maximum 11% in nitrobenzene.
Chalkonaziridine. IV. Vergleich des spektroskopischen und massenspektrometrischen Verhaltens von trans‐Chalkonaziridinen und trans‐Chalkonepoxiden
Authors: Weber F. G. , Liepert H. , Radeglia R. , Köppel H. 
Published: December 2004

Chalcone Aziridines. IV. Comparison of Spectroscopical and Mass Spectrometrical Behavior of trans‐Chalcone Aziridines and trans‐Chalcone EpoxidesThe aziridines 1 were compared with epoxides 2 by their i.r. and n.m.r. spectroscopical behavior and the threemembered ring electron densities. In the masse spectra we found not only identical path‐ways i. e. the formation of M⊕ and Ar2CH⊕ ions and onium or aryl fragmentation, but also differences as the formation of [M–17]⊕ ions for 1 and carbonyl rearrangements for 2.
Chinoxaline. XXVI. Synthese von bis‐azolo[a,c]kondensierten Chinoxalinen. I. Darstellung aus 4‐substituierten 1,2,3‐Triazolo[1,5‐a]chinoxalinen
Authors: Vogel M. , Lippmann E. 
Published: December 2004

Quinoxalines. XXVI. Synthesis of Bis‐azolo[a,c]‐fused Quinoxalines. I. Synthesis from 4‐Substituted 1,2,3‐Triazolo[1,5‐a]quinoxalinesThe synthesis of bis‐azolo‐fused quinoxalines of type. 6 is described. The new bisazolo‐fused compounds 9, 10a, b, 12, and 16 were synthesized from the 4‐substituted 1,2,3‐triazolo‐[1,5‐a]quinoxalines 7, 8, 11, and 13 by intramolecular cyclization reactions. The structures were determined by microanalysis, i.r., 1H‐n.m.r., and mass spectra.
Regio‐ and stereoselectivity of 1‐(Pyridazin‐3‐yl)‐3‐oxidopyridinium Betaines towards 2π‐ and 4π‐conjugated olefins
Authors: El‐Abbady S. A. , Ahmed M. G. M. , Abdulhamid H. A. , Shalaby A. A. , Moustafa A. H. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract1‐(6‐Phenyl) and 1‐(6‐(4‐tolyl)‐3‐oxidopyridinium betaines (1a, b) react as 1,3‐dipoles with conjugated olefines, namely 4‐vinylpyridine, ethyl cinnamate and styrene as 2π‐1,3‐dipolarophiles to give 2,6‐cycloadducts [6‐substituted‐8‐azabicyclo[3,2,1]oct‐3‐en‐2‐ones (3a, b, 4a, b and 5b)] and with butadiene and furan as 4π‐dipolarophiles to give 2,4‐cycloadducts [7‐substituted‐7‐azabicyclo[4,3,1]deca‐3,8‐diene‐10‐one] and 3‐6‐phenylpyridazin‐3‐yl)‐3‐aza‐10‐oxatricyclo‐[5,2,1,12,6]undeca‐4,8‐diene‐11‐one (9a). Structural and configurational assignments were based on H.n.m.r. spectral analysis.
Vinyloge Acylverbindungen. XXI. 1H‐NMR‐spektroskopische Untersuchungen an 3‐Chlor‐propen‐iminiumsalzen
Authors: Fischer G. W. , Olk B. 
Published: December 2004

Vinylogous Acyl Compounds. XXI. 1H‐N.M.R. Spectroscopic Investigations on 3‐Chloropropen‐iminium SaltsThe 1H‐n.m.r. data of a series of 3‐aryl‐3‐chloropropeniminium salts 5 are reported. From the vicinal coupling constants 3J(H1, 2H) as well as from NOE difference spectra follows that salts of type 5 have throughout E(1,2)Z(2,3) configuration.
Photochemie von Acylaziden. III. Direkte und sensibilisierte Photolyse von p‐Trimethylsilylbenzoylazid in fluider Phase und in polymeren Schichten
Authors: Abraham W. , Siegert St. , Kreysig D. 
Published: December 2004

Photochemistry of Acylazides. III. Direct and Sensitized Photolysis of p‐Trimethylsilylbenzoylazide in the Fluid Phase and in Polymeric LayersThe photochemistry of the title compound in cyclohexane was investigated by direct and sensitized excitation, respectively. The only products which could be detected by means of HPLC were the rearrangement product isocyanate from the singlet azide and the insertion product into the solvent via the singlet nitrene, respectively. Products via the triplet states were not formed by direct photolysis. The generally high quantum yields of the photolysis of the acylazide 1 are strongly dependent on the concentration. At 0.1 M the quantum yield amounts to 4.The photolysis was sensitized by several triplet generators creating the abstraction products as main products. But also insertion products were formed via the triplet azide. From the results a triplet ground state of the nitrene is postulated. The sensitization can be realized also by electron donors like diphenylanthracene, pyrene or perylene. An electron transfer to 1 is assumed. The products of this sensitization are the same as via the direct photolysis.The results in solutions can be applied to polymers. The modification of polymers (silylation by the nitrene formed) is possible in this way.
Nitriles in Organic Synthesis: Synthesis of new pyridazine, pyridine and pyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridine derivatives
Authors: Ibrahim Nadia Sobhy , Mohamed Mona Hassan , Mahfouz Youssef , Elnagdi Mohamed Hilmy 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe reaction of diethyl monoiminomalonate with benzoylacetonitrile affords the ethyl 3‐amino‐4‐cyanopentanoate derivative 1 a. Compound 1 a condensed with salicylaldehyde to yield the coumarin 5 and coupled with arenediazonium salts to yield the arenehydrazones 6a–c. Compounds 6a, b could be converted into the aminopyridazinium carboxylate 8a, b on treatment with aqueous sodium hydroxide. The reaction of 6a–c with hydrazine and phenyl hydrazine is reported.
Reactions of Alcohols with 0,0‐Diethylphosphorothioic and 0,0‐diethylphosphorodithioic acid in the presence of triphenylphosphine and diethyl azodicarboxylate II. 31P‐N.M.R. Studies
Authors: Młotkowska B. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractLow temperature 31P‐n.m.r. studies of the reaction of 0,0‐diethylphosphorothioic acid with triphenylphosphine and diethyl azodicarboxylate revealed that, at low temperatures, the only intermediate is the protonated betaine, even in the presence of neopentyl alcohol. Above 0°C this species reacts with neopentyl alcohol to produce the neopentoxytriphenylphosphonium salt which decomposes to isomeric diethyl neopentyl phosphorothioates and triphenylphosphine oxide, at elevated temperatures. The reaction of ethanol with 0,0‐diethylphosphorodithioic acid leads mainly to 0,0,S‐triethyl phosphorodithioate and triphenylphosphine oxide. In addition, a small amount of 0,0,0‐triethyl phosphorothionate and triphenylphosphine sulfide were detected. The mechanism of these reactions is suggested.
Synthese von 5‐Hetaryl‐1,3‐dithiol‐Derivaten durch Reaktion von Hetarylmethyl‐dithiokohlensäurediestern mit Schwefelkohlenstoff
Authors: Dölling W. , Hildebrandt Andrea 
Published: December 2004

Synthesis of 5‐Hetaryl‐1,3‐dithiole Derivatives by Reaction of Hetarylmethyl‐dithiocarbonates with Carbon Disulfide(Pyrid‐2‐yl)‐ and (quinol‐2‐yl)‐dithiocarbonates 4 and 7 cyclocondense with carbon disulfide to yield 4,5‐disubstituted 1,3‐dithiole‐2‐thiones 5 and 8a–d after alkylation reaction. 8 is transformed into the 2‐oxo‐derivatives 9 by reaction with mercuric acetate. A series of heterocyclic substituted dithiocarbonates 10a, 10b, 12a, 12b, and dithiocarbamates 12c–g, respectively, is synthesized by reactions of halomethylheterocycles with the corresponding salts of xanthates or dithiocarbamates.
Untersuchungen zur Photolyse von Diaryliodoniumsalzen
Authors: Timpe H.‐J. , Schikowsky V. 
Published: December 2004

Investigations on Photolysis of Diaryliodonium SaltsThe photolysis of diaryliodonium salts in solution leads to various competitive and consecutive reactions. Upon irradiation, the excited state desactivates mainly through homolytic cleavage of the CI‐bond, but to a minor extent also through heterolytic cleavage of the same bond. Thus, several photolysis products have been obtained: aromatics, new iodonium salts, iodoaromatics, substitution products of the solvent, protonic acid in aqueous solutions, iodide and iodate ions and iodine. In the case of diphenyliodonium iodide the yields of iodine are higher compared to those of other salts because of electron transfer processes. The quantum yields of the disappearance of the iodonium salt (ΦI) and of the formation of protonic acids (ΦP) are equal within the experimental error. These values do not depend on the nature of the solvent, with the exception of H‐donor solvents, on the initial salt concentration and on oxygen. But, they depend strongly on the light intensity and on the substituent at the aromatic ring. The ΦP‐data also depend on the oxidation potential of the anion used. For diphenyliodonium chloride, the quantum yield of iodobenzene formation reaches only the half of the values for ΦI and ΦP. A kinetic scheme is given for the explanation of the light intensity dependence, which is based on 1. and 2. order reactions of intermediates formed by the homolytic pathway. It is assumed, that the electron transfer reaction by iodide salts proceeds only between the iodide ion and the intermediate products.
Heterocyclic synthesis with nitriles: Syntheses of some novel pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine and Pyrrolo[2′,3′:3,4]pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine Derivatives
Authors: Abdelrazek F. M. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract3,5‐Diamino‐4‐phenacylpyrazoles 1a, b react with the cinnamonitriles 2a, b to afford the novel 7‐phenacylpyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine derivatives 4a–d, respectively. Compounds 4c, d undergo cyclization with trichloroacetonitrile to afford the novel tricyclic system pyrrolo‐[2′,3′:3,4]pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine derivatives 5e, f, respectively.
Synthesis, spectral data and extraction of copper by 1‐(2′‐Hydroxy‐5′‐alkylphenyl)‐1‐alkanone Oximes
Authors: Krzyżanowska Ewa , Olszanowski A. , Juskowiak M. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract1‐(2′‐Hydroxy‐5′‐alkylphenyl)‐1‐ethanone oximes with a normal alkyl group containing 2 to 12 carbon atoms and 1‐(2′‐hydroxy‐5′‐methylphenyl)‐1‐alkanone oximes containing 1 to 11 carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon chain were synthesized. Spectral data (u.v., i.r., n.m.r. and 13C) of oximes are reported. Four of these oximes were used for copper extraction from acidic solution. The results obtained indicate, that these oximes are better extractants than alkyl derivatives of 2‐hydroxybenzophenone oximes.
Thermal Decomposition of Phenyl Alkyl Ethers
Authors: Ondruschka B. , Engelstädter U. , Vorwerk D. , Zimmermann G. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractReaction products and intermediates of the thermal conversions (temperature range: 600 to 1200°C, total pressure about 120 mPa) of phenyl methyl ether (1), phenyl ethyl ether (2), and m‐cresyl methyl ether (3) were determined in a pyrolysis apparatur set combined with mass spectral „real time”︁ analysis. In all cases, the predominant initial process was PhO–R bond homolysis. Phenoxy type radicals thus generated decompose unimolecularly to cyclopentadienyl type radicals and carbon monoxide. In runs with 1 and 2 cyclopentadienyl dimers (C10H10) were formed and, in addition, at temperatures >1000°C, naphthalene (C10H8). Under similar conditions the m‐methylphenoxy radical (from 3) suffers CO elimination providing the methylcyclopentadienyl radical which chiefly gives benzene instead of the dimers or the products derived from it. Under the applied conditions only bimolecular stabilization of the unsubstituted cyclopentadienyl radical proved possible, whereas the methyl substituted radical has a chance for unimolecular stabilization, too, as a result of which fulvene is formed through the loss of hydrogen. Fulvene is a direct benzene precursor.
The Autoxidation of Hept‐3‐yne
Authors: Brose Th. , Pritzkow W. , Sebald F. , Voerckel V. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractIn the reaction mixtures of the oxidation of hept‐3‐yne with molecular oxygen as products of the attack on the CC triple bond heptane‐3,4‐dione, propionic and butyric acids and a very small amount of 2‐ethylvaleric acid were found. Hept‐2‐en‐4‐one and hept‐3‐en‐5‐one were probably present, but could not be identified unambiguously. As in the case of the isomeric octynes the main primary reaction products were the hydroperoxides formed by attack on the CH bonds in α‐position to the CC triple bond.
Spektroskopische Untersuchungen an 4‐Nitrophenylhydrazonen sekundärer und tertiärer α‐Ketocarbonsäureamide
Authors: Waldheim G. , Möhrle H. , Rüdiger S. 
Published: December 2004

Spectroscopic Studies on 4‐Nitrophenylhydrazones of Secondary and Tertiary α‐Ketoamides4‐Nitrophenylhydrazones of secondary and tertiary α‐ketoamides both exist in two stable isomeric forms (E/Z) with respect to the position of the substituents at the CN‐Bond. But whereas the Z‐form of the secondary amides can be easily assigned by means of intramolecular hydrogen bond, this criterion in case of most the derivatives of tertiary amides fails. As shown by derivatives of glyoxylic acid this deviation is evidently caused by steric facts due to the double substituted amide group and the alkyl residue on the α‐C‐atom.
Zur Umsetzung von Oxalamidinen mit Heterocumulenen der Kohlensäurereihe zu Imidazolidin‐Derivaten
Authors: Beckert R. , Gruner M. 
Published: December 2004

On the Reaction of Oxalic Amidines with Carbonic Acid Derived Heterocumulenes to Imidazolidine‐DerivativesA useful synthetic route to nonsymmetric derivatives of imidazolidine (derivatives of parabanic acid) is demonstrated by the reaction of tetraarylated oxalic amidines 1 with different alkyl‐ and aryl substituted isothiocyanates 4, isoselenocyanates 31, and carbodiimides 30.Acylisothiocyanates 9 react differently leading to a mixture of three cycloacylation products 12, 13 and 14. Silylated heterocumulenes such as 25 and 26 react with 1 to give 28 and 29 transsilylation. Based on the 13C‐n.m.r. spectroscopic investigation of the reaction between 1a and methyl isothiocyanate and phenyl isothiocyanate respectively a mechanism is proposed.
Spectral Sensitization of Dediazoniation by the 2‐electron‐transfer system meso‐tetraphenylporphinato‐dichlorostannate(IV)/10‐methyl‐9‐Phenyl‐9.10‐dihydro‐acridine
Authors: Becker H. G. O. , Grossmann Katrin 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe photoreduction of meso‐tetraphenylporphinatodichlorostannate(IV) (SnCl2TPP) by 9‐phenyl‐10‐methyl‐9,10‐dihydro‐acridine (ACH) in 1,2‐dichloroethane/acetonitrile 1:1 (v/v) under argon proceeds only with a low quantum yield in spite of the fact that ACH is in other cases an excellent 2‐electron donor. The reason may be the formation of a triplet exciplex which opens a new deactivation channel. Evidence for such an exciplex is given by means of the WARE treatment of flash‐photolytic experiments and quantum yields of dediazoniation, Keq ≈ 650 M−1 and τexc = 46 μs.The exciplex reacts fast with p‐N,N‐dimethylamino‐benzenediazonium tetrafluoroborate (kr = 4.1 × 108 M−1 s−1) under electron transfer leading to dediazoniation. At high ACH concentrations (8 × 10−3 M) the dediazoniation gives even at very low diazonium salt concentrations (≈ 4 × 10−5 M) quantum yields as high as 1.95 (0.37 stemming from sensitization by the SnCl2 complex of tetraphenylchlorine present as an impurity of SnCl2TPP. SnCl2TPP) remains unchanged during the sensitization reaction, i.e. the process is fully photocatalytic.
Méthode d'essai pour apprécier L'aptitude à la déflagration des explosifs
Authors: Bigourd J. , Michot C. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractLa méthode utilisée de fa¸on courante au CERCHAR est la suivante. Les essais sont effectués dans un mortier d'acier qui est fermé hermétiquement par un disque de cuivre résistant à une pression d'environ 300 bar. Dans ce mortier, l'explosif essayé est disposé, sous forme d'une cartouche, à une distance de 15 cm d'une charge de poudre noire qui est mise à feu par allumeur électrique. Suivant l'importance de la charge de poudre, il se produit ou non une déflagration de l'explosif. Celle‐ci est mise en évidence par la rupture du disque de cuivre. D'un essai à l'autre, on fait varier la masse de poudre noire, de fa¸on à obtenir une estimation de la masse qui correspond à une probabilité de 50% de déflagration de l'explosif. Cette méthode s'applique aussi bien aux explosifs classiques qu'aux bouillies explosives et aux mélanges nitrate d'ammonium‐fuel oil.