bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feedforward Mutual-Information Anomaly Detection: Application to Autonomous Vehicles
Authors: McKee Sasha M. , Haddadin Osama S. , Leang Kam K. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This paper describes a mutual-information (MI)-based approach that exploits a dynamics model to quantify and detect anomalies for applications such as autonomous vehicles. First, the MI is utilized to quantify the level of uncertainty associated with the driving behaviors of a vehicle. The MI approach handles novel anomalies without the need for data-intensive training; and the metric readily applies to multivariate datasets for improved robustness compared to, e.g., monitoring vehicle tracking error. Second, to further improve the response time of anomaly detection, current and past measurements are combined with a predictive component that utilizes the vehicle dynamics model. This approach compensates for the lag in the anomaly detection process compared to strictly using current and past measurements. Finally, three different MI-based strategies are described and compared experimentally: anomaly detection using MI with (1) current and past measurements (reaction), (2) current and future information (prediction), and (3) a combination of past and future information (reaction–prediction) with three different time windows. The experiments demonstrate quantification and detection of anomalies in three driving situations: (1) veering off the road, (2) driving on the wrong side of the road, and (3) swerving within a lane. Results show that by anticipating the movements of the vehicle, the quality and response time of the anomaly detection are more favorable for decision-making while not raising false alarms compared to just using current and past measurements.
Rate and predictors of insufficient sweat volume in very young infants after pilocarpine gel iontophoresis: prospective, population-based study
Authors: Camargos Paulo , Bedran Renata Marcos , Alvim Cristina Gonçalves , Sader Olívia Gonçalves 
Published: January 2024

ObjectiveTo verify the rate and predictors of ‘quantity not sufficient’ (QNS) among Brazilian infants younger than 3 months with positive newborn screening (NBS) for cystic fibrosis (CF).DesignProspective, population-based study.SettingPublic Statewide Newborn Screening Programme where the incidence rate of CF is ≈1:11 000.PatientsSubjects with positive two-tiered immunoreactive trypsinogen.InterventionsSweat induction and collection were performed in the same facility; one sweat sample was obtained per individual.Main outcome measuresThe QNS rate and its predictors; analysis corresponded to the day of sweat collection.ResultsAmong the 975 participants, QNS rates for 10 and 15 µL were 3.6% (95% CI 2.5% to 4.9%) and 8.3% (95% CI 6.6% to 10.2%). Infants weighing >3056 and >3845 g and with gestational age higher than 37 weeks had a greater likelihood (5.5 and 6.7, and 2.7 and 5.8 times more, respectively) of avoiding QNS than their peers.ConclusionQNS rates fulfilled the requirements, but predictors differed from those recommended by the Cystic Fibrosis Foundations guidelines.
Year-round injury and illness surveillance in UK summer paralympic sport athletes: 2016–2019
Authors: Brownlow Michael , Wootten Moses , McCaig Steve , Taylor Abbie , Webborn Nick , Bennett Pippa , Wass Josh , Ibrahim Dawn , Ranson Craig 
Published: January 2024

ObjectiveTo identify the priority injuries and illnesses across UK summer Paralympic World Class Programmes (WCP).MethodsFour years (2016–2019) of electronic medical records from 360 athletes across 17 Paralympic WCP sports were analysed. Methods were based on the 2021 International Paralympic Committee translation of the original 2020 International Olympic Committee consensus statement for epidemiological recording and reporting. This included reporting incidence (count of injury per athlete year) and burden (time loss days per athlete year) of injuries by impairment category.Results836 injuries and 453 illnesses were recorded during the surveillance period, accounting for 34 638 and 10 032 time-loss days, respectively. 216 (60%) athletes reported at least one injury, while 171 (47.5%) reported at least one illness. There were 0.9 injuries per athlete year, resulting in a mean injury burden of 38.1 days per athlete year. The lumbar/pelvis, shoulder and thoracic/ribs body region had the greatest incidence whereas the shoulder, lumbar/pelvis and wrist had the greatest injury burden. All impairment categories had shoulder or lumbar/pelvis as the body region with the greatest incidence, however the burden of body areas did not always reflect the incidence. Athletes reported 0.5 illnesses per athlete year, resulting in an average illness burden of 11.3 days per athlete year. The respiratory, gastrointestinal, dermatological and genitourinary organ systems had the greatest illness incidence.ConclusionsTo optimise health and performance in Paralympic sport athletes, system-wide mitigation initiatives should target priority injury problems occurring in the lumbar/pelvis, shoulder, thoracic spine/ribs and wrist. Illness types causing the greatest burden vary with impairment group, and illness mitigation initiatives should consider athlete impairment types in their design, while continuing to note the high incidence of respiratory and gastrointestinal illness across all impairments. Further research should examine associated risk factors and the influence of impairment categorisation.
Network analysis of mental health problems among adults in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a community-based study during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Workneh Firehiwot , Worku Alemayehu , Assefa Nega , Berhane Yemane 
Published: January 2024

ObjectiveCOVID-19 has negatively impacted mental health of adults globally with increased rates of psychiatric comorbidities. However, network analysis studies to examine comorbidities and correlations between symptoms of different mental disorders are uncommon in low-income countries. This study aimed to investigate the network structure of depression, anxiety and perceived stress among adults in Addis Ababa and identify the most central and bridge symptoms within the depressive-anxiety-perceived symptoms network model.DesignCommunity-based cross-sectional study.SettingThis study was carried out on a sample of the general population in Addis Ababa during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 1127 participants were included in this study, of which 747 (66.3%) were females, and the mean age was 36 years.Primary and secondary outcome measuresSymptoms of depression, anxiety and stress were measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale and the Perceived Stress Scale, respectively.Network analysis was conducted to investigate the network structure. The centrality index expected influence (EI) and bridge EI (1-step) were applied to determine the central and bridge symptoms. Case-dropping procedure was used to examine the network stability.ResultThe sad mood (EI=1.52) was the most central and bridge symptom in the depression, anxiety and perceived stress network model. Irritability (bridge EI=1.12) and nervousness and stressed (bridge EI=1.33) also served as bridge symptoms. The strongest edge in the network was between nervousness and uncontrollable worry (weight=0.36) in the anxiety community. The network had good stability and accuracy. The network structure was invariant by gender and age based on the network structure invariance test.ConclusionsIn this study, the sad mood was the core and bridge symptom. This and the other central and bridge symptoms identified in the study should be targeted to prevent mental health disorders and comorbidities among adults.
Does a blended learning implementation package enhance HIV index case testing in Malawi? A protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial
Authors: Tembo Tapiwa A , Mollan Katie , Simon Katherine , Rutstein Sarah , Chitani Mike Jones , Saha Pooja T , Mbeya-Munkhondya Tiwonge , Jean-Baptiste Milenka , Meek Caroline , Mwapasa Victor , Go Vivian , Bekker Linda Gail , Kim Maria H , Rosenberg Nora E 
Published: January 2024

IntroductionIndex case testing (ICT) is an evidence-based approach that efficiently identifies persons in need of HIV treatment and prevention services. In Malawi, delivery of ICT has faced challenges due to limited technical capacity of healthcare workers (HCWs) and clinical coordination. Digitisation of training and quality improvement processes presents an opportunity to address these challenges. We developed an implementation package that combines digital and face-to-face modalities (blended learning) to strengthen HCWs ICT skills and enhance quality improvement mechanisms. This cluster randomised controlled trial will assess the impact of the blended learning implementation package compared with the standard of care (SOC) on implementation, effectiveness and cost-effectiveness outcomes.Methods and analysisThe study was conducted in 33 clusters in Machinga and Balaka districts, in Southern Malawi from November 2021 to November 2023. Clusters are randomised in a 2:1 ratio to the SOC versus blended learning implementation package. The SOC is composed of: brief face-to-face HCW ICT training and routine face-to-face facility mentorship for HCWs. The blended learning implementation package consists of blended teaching, role-modelling, practising, and providing feedback, and blended quality improvement processes. The primary implementation outcome is HCW fidelity to ICT over 1 year of follow-up. Primary service uptake outcomes include (a) index clients who participate in ICT, (b) contacts elicited, (c) HIV self-test kits provided for secondary distribution, (d) contacts tested and (e) contacts identified as HIV-positive. Service uptake analyses will use a negative binomial mixed-effects model to account for repeated measures within each cluster. Cost-effectiveness will be assessed through incremental cost-effectiveness ratios examining the incremental cost of each person tested.Ethics and disseminationThe Malawi National Health Science Research Committee, the University of North Carolina and the Baylor College of Medicine Institutional Review Boards approved the trial. Study findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and conference presentations.Trial registration numberNCT05343390.
Pressure ulcer prevention: family caregiver training effectiveness
Authors: Hançer Tok Hümeyra , Uzun Lütfiye Nur 
Published: January 2024

ObjectiveTo determine the effectiveness of pressure ulcer prevention training for the relatives of palliative care inpatients.MethodsThis study had a pretest–post-test design with parallel groups and a randomised control group, and it was conducted with 70 (experimental n=35, control n=35) patient relatives. A personal information form and Pressure Ulcer Knowledge Test were used as data collection tools. Parametric tests were performed for statistical analysis.ResultsThe pressure ulcer prevention training given to the relatives of palliative care patients in the experimental group was significantly effective in increasing their level of knowledge about these ulcers (p<0.05). However, the routine ward discharge training given to the relatives of palliative care patients in the control group was not significantly effective in increasing their level of knowledge about them (p>0.05).ConclusionsSpecialised training regarding pressure ulcers should be given to the relatives of patients receiving palliative care. It is important that the educational materials used in this trainings appeal to all sensory organs in order to improve the educational outcomes.Trial registration numberNCT05979402.
Predicting the band gap of lead-free inorganic double perovskites using modified parallel residual network
Authors: Luo Wei , Guan Jiahao , Yan Zuotao 
Published: January 2024

The rapid and precise screening of appropriate inorganic perovskite materials poses a formidable challenge in the field of materials science. Traditional methods for material screening are not only time-consuming but also demand a substantial workforce. In this study, we introduce a modified parallel residual network (PRN) for the purpose of predicting the band gap of lead-free inorganic double perovskite materials, utilizing the atomic composition as the input data. The predictive performance of PRN is assessed using root mean square error (RMSE) and Pearson correlation coefficient ( r) as evaluation metrics. The PRN model yields a band gap prediction with an RMSE of 0.402 eV and an r value of 0.962, respectively. Notably, PRN outperforms various alternative models, including random forest regression (RFR), kernel ridge regression (KRR), support vector regression (SVR), extreme gradient boosting regression (XGBR), one-layer residual variant network (OLRN), and three-layer parallel residual variant network (TLPRN), clearly demonstrating its superior predictive accuracy.
Effectiveness of the 30-Degree Lateral Sleeping Position on Sleep Quality in Elderly Individuals Post-Stroke
Authors: Priastana I Ketut Andika , Agustini Ni Rai Sintya 
Published: January 2024

Background: Post-stroke conditions can have an impact on the sleep quality of the elderly. Sleep disorders are a common health problem for the elderly, requiring serious attention. Poor sleep quality in the elderly is caused by increased sleep potential, reduced sleep efficiency, and early awakenings due to the ageing process.
Objective: This research aims to determine the effectiveness of a 30-degree lateral sleeping position compared to a supine sleeping position on the sleep quality of elderly individuals post-stroke.
Method: The design of this research uses a quasi-experiment design with a non-equivalent control group design approach. The study will be conducted in 2023 in Ekasari Village, Jembrana Regency, Bali. The total research population is 126 elderly individuals, and the sample size meeting the criteria is 64 respondents, divided into 32 respondents in the intervention group and 32 respondents in the control group. Data analysis in this study uses the Mann-Whitney U Test.
Results: The Mann-Whitney U Test shows a difference between the intervention and control groups (p = 0.000, Z score = -4.830), which means that the 30-degree lateral sleep position is better at helping older people who have had a stroke sleep better than the supine sleep position.
Conclusion: Post-stroke elderly individuals tend to experience an improvement in sleep quality when they sleep in the lateral position of 30 degrees. Therefore, elderly people who are having sleep quality issues can adopt this sleeping position to improve their sleep.
A Provincial Community of the Late Dynasty 6. A Preliminary Case Study Based on P. 10500 A and B
Authors: Florès Jérémie 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This paper presents the community registered in papyrus Berlin P. 10500 A–B, also known as the “Sharuna Papyrus.” It points out the presence of both men and women in the different accounts. People are also socially differentiated based on their titles and personal names (including their classifiers). Results demonstrate that the community from the “Sharuna Papyrus” resembles other groups of people in provincial context, including Sharuna.
Evaluating the current state of evolution acceptance instruments: a research coordination network meeting report
Authors: Barnes M. Elizabeth , Aini Rahmi Q. , Collins James P. , Dunk Ryan D. P. , Holt Emily A. , Jensen Jamie , Klein Joanna R. , Misheva Taya , Nadelson Louis S. , Reiss Michael J. , Romine William L. , Shtulman Andrew , Townley Amanda L. , Wiles Jason R. , Zheng Yi , Brownell Sara E. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHundreds of studies have explored student evolution acceptance because evolution is a core concept of biology that many undergraduate biology students struggle to accept. However, this construct of “evolution acceptance” has been defined and measured in various ways, which has led to inconsistencies across studies and difficulties in comparing results from different studies. Many studies and essays have offered evaluations and perspectives of evolution acceptance instruments, but publications with a focus on consensus building across research teams is still needed. Further, little attention has been paid to how evolution acceptance instruments may be interpreted differently by students with varied religious backgrounds. Funded by a Research Coordination Network in Undergraduate Biology Education grant from the National Science Foundation, we gathered 16 experts from different disciplinary and religious backgrounds to review current evolution acceptance instruments and create a guide to the strengths and weaknesses of these instruments, including appropriate contexts for using these instruments and their potential weaknesses with different religious populations. Finally, in an attempt to move the field forward, we articulated a consensus definition of evolution acceptance that can be used to guide future instrument development.
History of emergency medicine in Bhutan
Authors: Tshering Ugyen , Kohli Erol , Tenzin Tashi , Chen Oriana 
Published: January 2024

AbstractEmergency medicine in Bhutan has made significant progress in the past few decades and continues to evolve. In this article, we provide valuable insights into the history of emergency medicine at Jigme Dorji Wangchuck National Referral Hospital (JDWNRH) and in Bhutan and highlight some of the future challenges we face as we move forward to meet the demands of increased patient volume and complexity.
Paint has the potential to release microplastics, nanoplastics, inorganic nanoparticles, and hybrid materials
Authors: Fang Cheng , Zhou Wenhao , Hu Jiaqi , Wu Cuiqin , Niu Junfeng , Naidu Ravi 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
When we paint our houses or offices, we might paint plastic, because most paints are generally formulated with polymer binders. After drying and curing, the binders fix the colourants on the painted surface as a film of plastic mixture, which is tested herein using Raman imaging to analyse and directly visualise the hybrid plastic-colourant (titanium dioxide or TiO2 nanoparticles).

Results
For the plastic mixture or hybrid, the co-existence and competition between the Raman signals of plastic and TiO2 complicate the individual analysis, which should be carefully extracted and separated in order to avoid the weak signal of plastic to be masked by that of TiO2. This is particularly important when considering the Raman activity of TiO2 is much stronger than that of plastic. Plastic is observed to coat the TiO2 nanoparticle surface, individually or as a bulk to embed the TiO2 nanoparticles as mixture or hybrid. Once branched, pended, scratched or aged, the paint can also be peeled off from the painted surface, including gyprock, wood and glass, releasing microplastics and nanoplastics (coating onto the individual TiO2 nanoparticle surface or embedding the TiO2 nanoparticles, or individually as particles) in potential.

Conclusions
Our test sends us a warning that we are surrounded by plastic items that might release microplastics and nanoplastics in potential, for which the risk assessment is needed. Overall, Raman imaging is a suitable approach to effectively characterise microplastics and nanoplastics, even from the mixture with the hybrid background and the complicated interference.

Graphical Abstract
Restoring vision after cat bite: a case report on successful diagnostic and therapeutic regimen for Capnocytophaga endophthalmitis
Authors: Wolfram Lasse , Merle David A. , Neubauer Jonas , Dimopoulos Spyridon 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Capnocytophaga is a bacterium frequently found in the oral flora of dogs and cats (e.g. Capnocytophaga canimorsus) and humans (e.g. Capnocytophaga gingivalis). Among Capnocytophaga related ocular infections, fulminant endophthalmitis is a rare but sight-threatening clinical manifestation.

Case presentation
A 35-year-old previously healthy patient presented after a cat bite into the left upper and lower eyelid and nasal part of the conjunctiva of the left eye. At initial consultation, the corrected visual acuity was 0.8 in decimal scale and a detailed clinical examination revealed no evidence of ocular penetration. However, daily follow-up examinations under local therapy revealed a progressive intraocular inflammation, therefore the decision was made to perform a diagnostic vitrectomy with intravitreal and systemic antibiotic treatment. Capnocytophaga felis was detected as the cause of endophthalmitis and the initiated treatment resulted in quick morphological and functional recovery of the left eye. After surgery of secondary cataract, visual acuity improved from hand motion preoperatively to 1.0 postoperatively.

Conclusions
Early recognition as well as prompt and effective treatment of animal bite associated endophthalmitis is essential for good visual recovery and functional outcome. Furthermore, this case highlights the importance of daily follow-up examinations, even in the absence of signs of ocular penetration and intraocular inflammation, to enable prompt and effective treatment initiation. Given the negative results in bacterial culture, we additionally emphasize the value of sequencing-based microbiological diagnostics in unclear cases.
Genetic diversity and recent ancestry based on whole-genome sequencing of endangered Swedish cattle breeds
Authors: Harish Ajith , Lopes Pinto Fernando A. , Eriksson Susanne , Johansson Anna M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSeveral indigenous cattle breeds in Sweden are endangered. Conservation of their genetic diversity and genomic characterization is a priority.Whole-genome sequences (WGS) with a mean coverage of 25X, ranging from 14 to 41X were obtained for 30 individuals of the breeds Fjällko, Fjällnära, Bohuskulla, Rödkulla, Ringamåla, and Väneko. WGS-based genotyping revealed 22,548,028 variants in total, comprising 18,876,115 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 3,671,913 indels. Out of these, 1,154,779 SNPs and 304,467 indels were novel. Population stratification based on roughly 19 million SNPs showed two major groups of the breeds that correspond to northern and southern breeds. Overall, a higher genetic diversity was observed in the southern breeds compared to the northern breeds. While the population stratification was consistent with previous genome-wide SNP array-based analyses, the genealogy of the individuals inferred from WGS based estimates turned out to be more complex than expected from previous SNP-array based estimates. Polymorphisms and their predicted phenotypic consequences were associated with differences in the coat color phenotypes between the northern and southern breeds. Notably, these high-consequence polymorphisms were not represented in SNP arrays, which are used routinely for genotyping of cattle breeds.This study is the first WGS-based population genetic analysis of Swedish native cattle breeds. The genetic diversity of native breeds was found to be high. High-consequence polymorphisms were linked with desirable phenotypes using whole-genome genotyping, which highlights the pressing need for intensifying WGS-based characterization of the native breeds.