bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the endogenous ileal and faecal amino acid excretion in the dog (Canis familiaris) and the rat (Rattus rattus) determined under protein‐free feeding and peptide alimentation
Authors: Hendriks W. H. , Sritharan K. , Hodgkinson S. M. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryThe aim of the study was to determine and compare the endogenous ileal excretions of nitrogen and amino acids under protein‐free and peptide alimentation by the dog and rat. Two diets were prepared, one that was devoid of protein and the other containing 23% enzyme hydrolysed casein. Chromic oxide was included in the diets as an indigestible marker. A total of 10 mixed breed dogs were fed hourly either a protein‐free or enzymatically hydrolysed casein diet for a total of 10 days. A faecal sample was obtained from each dog on day 9 while digesta was obtained from the terminal 20 cm of the ileum directly after euthanasia on day 10. A total of 12 8‐week‐old Sprague–Dawley rats received the same diets as the dogs. A faecal sample from each rat was obtained on day 7 while ileal digesta samples were obtained on day 8. The endogenous ileal excretions of most amino acids were greater in the dogs and rats that received the enzymatically hydrolysed casein diet compared with those receiving the protein free diet. Whereas the pattern of endogenous amino acid excretion was similar in the rats and dogs, the dogs excreted a significantly greater amount of nitrogen (1.91 vs. 2.27 and 1.63 vs. 4.12 g/kg dry matter intake for the protein‐free and peptide alimentation method, respectively) and all amino acids except for glycine, isoleucine and leucine. Endogenous ileal amino acid excretions are higher in dogs compared to omnivorous animals such as rats and pigs but similar to the carnivorous cat.
The Relative Importance of Seed‐borne Inoculum to Common Scab Disease of Potato and the Efficacy of Seed Tuber and Soil Treatments for Disease Control
Authors: Wilson C. R. , Ransom L. M. , Pemberton B. M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe importance of both seed and soil‐borne inoculum in the epidemiology of common scab disease under Australian conditions was clearly demonstrated. In field trials the severity of disease in harvested potatoes was directly related to the severity of disease on the planted seed tubers. Chemical seed dressing treatments were assessed for common scab disease control under field conditions in four trials over 5 years. Where seed treatments were applied to both diseased and visibly clean seed pieces significantly more disease was found in tubers harvested from diseased seed than the corresponding clean seed treatment. In all but one trial, the treatments applied to diseased seed significantly reduced the incidence of common scab. Fluazinam, flusulfamide (at elevated rates), fenpiclonil, pentachloronitrobezene and mancozeb seed treatments were particularly effective as seed dressing treatments. Applications to visibly clean seed failed to significantly diminish disease levels below that found on untreated seed. Preliminary investigations of some chemical soil treatments gave disappointing levels of control.
Incidence, Aggressiveness andIn PlantaInteractions ofBotrytis cinereaand other Filamentous Fungi Quiescent in Grape Berries and Dormant Buds in Central Washington State
Authors: Dugan F. M. , Lupien S. L. , Grove G. G. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractRecovery of quiescent filamentous fungi from non‐symptomatic grape berries and dormant buds demonstrated dominance ofAlternaria,Aureobasidium,Cladosporium,Ulocladiumand other dematiaceous hyphomycetes. Up to 78% of berries contained fungi prior to harvest.Botrytis cinereawas recovered from 0.2 to 0.5% of surface‐disinfested berries just subsequent to fruit set, and 1.6–4.8% of surface‐disinfested, over‐wintered dormant buds. In laboratory inoculations of mature grape berries with strains ofAlternaria,Aureobasidium,Cladosporium,UlocladiumandBotrytis, only the latter was aggressive in rotting berry fruits. Inoculations withB. cinereaalone and in combination with strains ofAlternaria,Aureobasidium,CladosporiumandUlocladiumrecovered from grape demonstrated that prior occupation of wound sites by the latter fungi resulted in reduced lesion size compared to inoculation withB. cinereaalone.
Cloning and Sequence Analysis of the Eburicol 14 α‐Demethylase Encoding Gene (CYP51) from the Japanese Pear Scab Fungus Venturia nashicola
Authors: Cools H. J. , Ishii H. , Butters J. A. , Hollomon D. W. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe slow growth of many filamentous fungi in vitro prevents rapid isolation of large quantities of genomic DNA, thereby hampering molecular studies. Using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based adapter ligation cloning technique that requires only nanogram quantities of genomic DNA we have successfully cloned the complete CYP51 gene encoding the eburicol 14α‐demethylase, the target for DMI (Demethylation‐inhibiting) fungicides, from the Japanese pear scab fungus, Venturia nashicola. Analysis of predictedamino acid sequences of CYP51s from strains less sensitive to DMIs revealed no alterations when compared to the sensitive reference strain.
The Extracellular Proteases Secreted in vitro and in planta by the Phytopathogenic Fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
Authors: Billon‐Grand G. , Poussereau N. , Fèvre M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe proteolytic enzymes secreted by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum were characterized using mechanistic inhibitors, affinity chromatography and analytical electrophoresis. The proteolytic system mainly constituted of acidic proteases but a neutral protease (serine protease) was also found at the initial stage of plant infection by the fungus. In vitro and in planta protease profiles were shown to be similar. Properties of the enzymes produced were matched with the ambient pH indicating that the set of enzymes secreted reflected the environmental niche created during mycelial growth.
Potato Cell Plasma Membrane Receptors to Ring Rot Pathogen Extracellular Polysaccharides
Authors: Romanenko A. S. , Lomovatskaya L. A. , Shafikova T. N. , Borovskii G. B. , Krivolapova N. V. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe interaction of extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) of the potato ring rot bacterial pathogen Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. sepedonicus (Spieck. et Kott.) Skaptason et Burkh. (Cms) with protoplasts isolated both from leaf cells of plants grown in vitro and microsomal membrane fractions obtained from cell suspension cultures of two potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars contrasted by their resistance to this pathogen was studied. The EPS intensively bind to protoplast surfaces and microsomal membranes of the susceptible cultivar but not to those of the resistant cultivar. Treatment with protease, excess of unlabelled EPS, and with dextran, did not lead to the binding of fluorochrome‐labelled EPS to protoplasts and microsomal membranes (from both cultivars). It is proposed that (a) a great number of receptors to EPS Cms are present in the plasma membranes of potato cells of susceptible cultivars, (b) these receptors contain proteinaceous sites exposed on the external side of the plasma membrane which participate in EPS binding, and (c) the plasma membranes of cells of resistant cultivars contain a small but sufficient quantity of receptors to EPS able to induce defensive responses in plants.
Occurrence of Verticillium fungicola var. fungicola on Agaricus bitorquis Mushroom Crops in Spain
Authors: Gea F. J. , Tello J. C. , Navarro M. J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractDiseased fruit bodies of Agaricus bitorquis, with similar symptoms to those caused by dry bubble on Agaricus bisporus, were observed in some Spanish crops during summer 1999. Isolates of Verticillium fungicola from A. bitorquis and A. bisporus were submitted to different temperatures and to prochloraz–Mn sensitivity tests. All the isolates collected from A. bitorquis and A. bisporus were identified as V. fungicola var. fungicola. Artificial infections of A. bisporus and A. bitorquis with V. fungicola var. fungicola are also described in the present study. The appearance of natural infections of V. fungicola var. fungicola in A. bitorquis crops could well be due to the growing temperatures used in Spain, which are considerably below those used in other countries.
Effects of Vitamin E and Different Energy Sources on Vitamin E Status, Milk Quality and Reproduction in Transition Cows*
Authors: Baldi A. , Savoini G. , Pinotti L. , Monfardini E. , Cheli F. , Orto V. Dell 
Published: March 2003

SummaryWe investigated whether vitamin E supplementation and supplemental energy sources (fat or starch) influenced plasma and milk levels of vitamin E, and reproductive and other parameters in 28 Italian Friesian multiparous dry cows. From 14 days before expected calving to 7 days after, the animals were assigned to either basal diet (containing 1000 IU/day of vitamin E) or an extra 1000 IU/day of vitamin E (total 2000 IU). In addition they received either 0.5 kg/day of corn or 0.2 kg/day of calcium soaps. Plasma samples were collected 4 days before expected calving and 4 days after calving and analysed for α‐tocopherol and cholesterol. Milk yield as well as the composition, somatic cell count (SCC) and α‐tocopherol of milk were determined 7 and 14 days after calving. Milk yield and composition were unaffected by treatments. SCC was significantly lower in (SCC Log 4.62 versus Log 5.1,P< 0.01) 2000 IU/day animals than in the 1000 IU/day group. Milk α‐tocopherol was higher (P< 0.001) in animals receiving 2000 IU/day (1.11 vs. 0.65 µg/ml,P< 0.01). Plasma α‐tocopherol in animals receiving 2000 IU/day was also higher (P< 0.001) than in cows receiving 1000 IU/day (4.85 vs. 3.25 µg/ml), but was not affected by dietary energy source. Number of services and days to conception were lower (P< 0.01) in the 2000 IU vitamin E supplemented cows. To conclude, dietary vitamin E supplementation to periparturient dairy cows increased plasma and milk vitamin E, decreased SCC in milk, and improved fertility but different energy sources had no effect on any measured variable.
Mucopolysaccharidosis VI in a Siamese/Short‐Haired European Cat*
Authors: Macrì B. , MARINO F. , MAZZULLO G. , TRUSSO A. , DE MARIA R. , AMEDEO S. , DIVARI S. , CASTAGNARO M. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryA 3‐year‐old Siamese/short‐haired European cat was referred for clinical disease characterized by dwarfism, facial dysmorphia, paralysis, small and curled ears, corneal clouding and large areas of alopecia. X‐ray examination showed multiple bone dysplasia. On the basis of clinical features a form of mucopolysaccharidosis was suspected. The cat, killed at the owner's request, presented several severe skeletal deformities such as long caudal limbs, enlarged thorax with sunken breastbone, vertebral ankylosis in many spinal segments and visceral involvement. Histologically, the cat showed diffuse vacuolization and enlargement of cells in cartilage, bone and visceral organs. Ultrastructurally, membrane‐bound vacuoles were filled with fibrillar and fluffy‐material or concentrically whorled lamellae. Arylsulphatase B activity was 3.24 nm/mg/h in the affected cat and 30.6 in a normal age‐matched control (NC). The l‐iduronidase activity was slightly increased. Quantitation of total glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) revealed a 4.5‐fold increase in the affected cat as compared with NC, while electrophoretic run of specific GAGs [chondroitin sulphate (CA); hyaluronan (HA); heparan sulphate (HS); dermatan sulphate (DS); keratan sulphate (KS)] performed on a cellulose acetate sheet, showed a striking increase in the DS band. On densitometric analysis of the electrophoretic run stained with Alcian Blue 8GX, the absorption of DS was eight‐fold increased as compared with NC. The clinical and morphological features, and the biochemical findings, were consistent with the diagnosis of feline mucopolysaccharidosis VI.
Airborne Gram‐Negative Bacterial Flora in Animal Houses
Authors: Zucker B.‐A. , Trojan S. , Müller W. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryThe concentration and the species composition of airborne gram‐negative bacteria were studied in four cattle houses, one pig house and one poultry barn. On average only between 0.02 and 5.2 % of the total number of culturable aerobic bacteria were identified as gram‐negative bacteria. Obligate anaerobic gram‐negative bacteria were not isolated at all. In the airborne gram‐negative bacterial flora the following bacterial families dominated: the Enterobacteriaceae, the Pseudomonadaceae and the Neisseriaceae. Within the family of the Enterobacteriaceae the species Escherichia coli and Enterobacter agglomerans were predominant. In animal houses using straw as bedding material Ent. agglomerans was most frequent, whereas in animal houses without litter E. coli was mainly found. Airborne Neisseriaceae were isolated very frequently in cow barns with Acinetobacter lowffii as the primary species. Airborne Pseudomonadaceae were found in high concentrations during periods of high air humidity. The results presented may also give some indications on the origin and sources of airborne endotoxins in animal housing.
The Ability of the Enzyme‐Linked Immunosorbent Assay to Detect Antibody againstStaphylococcus aureusin Milk following Experimental Intramammary Infection
Authors: Fox L. K. , Adams D. S. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryChanges in the milk antibody levels againstStaphylococcus aureuswere measured at the start of an experimental intramammary instillation of eitherS. aureus(Study I) orStaphylococcus hyicus(Study II). A commercial enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay system was used. Twenty‐one Holstein cows were enrolled in Study I and 15 Holstein cows were used in Study II. Pathogen instillation began 21 days before the start of the non‐lactating period. Cows received intramammary antibiotic treatment in all quarters immediately after the last milking, the start of the non‐lactating period. Lacteal secretions were collected before the start of the non‐lactating period, and during the immediate postpartum period in both studies, and during the non‐lactating period in Study I. Milk was cultured for mastitis pathogens andS. aureusantibody levels and somatic cell counts were determined from all samples. There was an approximate 2‐week delay in the elevation in antibody levels in response to the instillation ofS. aureus. Antibody levels remained elevated in cows withS. aureusintramammary infections postpartum, but were below threshold in cows where intramammary infections were cured during the non‐lactating period. Antibody levels were elevated byS. hyicusintramammary infections, remained elevated for the first 12 days postpartum, but were below threshold by day 21 postpartum. Cows with incipient intramammaryS. aureusinfections might be misclassified as false negatives by the antibody test. However, results suggest that cows withS. hyicusintramammary infections that were not cured would not be misclassified if milk is withheld from test for the first 30 days postpartum, as recommended by the manufacturer of the test.
Type‐ and Subtype‐Specific RT‐PCR Assays for Avian Influenza A Viruses (AIV)
Authors: Starick E. , Rømer‐Oberdørfer A. , Werner O. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryReverse transcriptase (RT) PCR assays have been developed to improve the diagnosis of avian influenza A. RT‐PCR using primers complementary to a conserved region of the matrix protein was assessed as being suitable for the detection of influenza A virus RNA from poultry as well as from pigs, horses and humans, regardless of the haemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) subtype. Therefore, this RT‐PCR is a valuable tool to confirm the initial diagnosis of any influenza A infection.As a second approach, experiments were performed to identify the HA gene encoding the post‐translational cleavage site of potentially highly pathogenic AIV isolates by RT‐PCR. The principal aim was to design one universal primer pair for each virus subtype, H5 and H7, respectively, which allows the detection of all strain variants using only one consistent method. To realize this objective, it was necessary to develop ‘wobble’ primers. AIV RNAs from seven H5 and 11 H7 subtype viruses included in the investigations were specifically recognized by RT‐PCR using these primers. This method therefore provides a rapid, subtype‐specific diagnosis and subsequent sequencing of H5 and H7 avian influenza viruses.
Aetiology and Histopathology of Bovine Mastitis of Espontaneous Occurrence
Authors: Benites N. R. , Guerra J. L. , Melville P. A. , da Costa E. O. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryInfectious bovine mastitis is responsible for serious economic losses in dairy cattle breeding. Information about the damages caused by micro‐organisms is of great interest and importance. The purpose of the present study was to report on the microbiological and histopathological aspects of the mammary parenchymas of slaughtered dairy cows. A total of 184 mammary glands were examined and samples of mammary parenchyma were collected for microbiological and histopathological examinations. Micro‐organisms were isolated from 69.6% samples; 23 (12.5%) of the 184 samples did not show histological changes; inflammatory response was observed in 56 (30.4%) samples; inflammatory response and repair were present in 82 (44.6%) samples; repair process was verified in 23 (12.5%) of the mammary glands. Coagulase‐negative Staphylococci were observed in 53.8% of the samples followed by coagulase‐positive Staphylococci (7.6%), Prototheca sp. (2.2%) and Streptococcus dysgalactiae (1.6%). Coagulase‐negative Staphylococci and coagulase‐positive Staphylococci were associated mainly to chronic inflammatory response and chronic inflammatory response and repair. Samples from which no micro‐organisms were isolated (n = 56) had no histological changes in 82.6% of the cases. These results were higher (P<0.05) when compared to the samples with micro‐organisms and without histological changes (17.4%).
Occurrence and Characteristics of CS31A Antigen‐Producing Escherichia coli in Calves with Diarrhoea and Septicaemia in Argentina
Authors: Mercado E. C. , Rodríguez S. M. , D'Antuono A. L. , Cipolla A. L. , Elizondo A. M. , Rossetti C. A. , Malena R. , Méndez M. A. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryCS31A is a K88‐related non‐fimbrial adhesin first described on Escherichia coli strains isolated from diarrhoeic and septicaemic calves. In this report, CS31A antigen was screened by immunological methods and confirmed by PCR among bovine E. coli isolates. In addition, CS31A‐producing strains were characterized with respect to different fimbrial antigens, O‐serogroup and other properties related to virulence. Faecal or tissue specimens of 100 diarrhoeic or septicaemic calves and 27 older cattle with different pathologies from 71 outbreaks or individual cases that occurred in Buenos Aires province, Argentina, were examined. CS31A+ E. coli strains were isolated from 21 (21.0%) calves from 16 outbreaks or individual cases. No CS31A+ E. coli was detected in samples from cattle more than 1 year old. Fimbriae F5, F41, F17a and F17b were not detected among the CS31A‐producing strains. Three (14.3%) of the CS31A+ E. coli strains expressed the F17c fimbria. All of the 21 isolates exhibited at least one property of septicaemic strains (resistance to serum, production of aerobactin or colicins) but none of them demonstrated heat‐stable enterotoxigenic activity. CS31A+ E. coli isolates belonged to 10 serogroups, more commonly O8, O7, O17 and O21. The results obtained here confirm the worldwide distribution of CS31A antigen in bovine E. coli strains. However, CS31A+ or CS31A+/F17c+ E. coli were less frequently isolated than they were in North hemisphere countries.
Case reports. Tinea gladiatorum due to Trichophyton mentagrophytes
Authors: Skořepová M , Štork J. , Hrabáková J 
Published: March 2003

Summary. Two cases of tinea gladiatorum due to Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. quinckeanum are described. A pet rabbit was probably the primary source of infection, which was then spread further by man‐to‐man contact. Besides these two patients, four other members of the same wrestling team were affected by tinea corporis.Zusammenfassung. Zwei Fälle von Tinea gladiatorum durch Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. quinckeanum werden beschrieben. Ein Zwergkaninchen war wahrscheinlich die ursprüngliche Quelle der Infektion. Diese verbreitete sich dann weiter durch Mensch‐zu‐Mensch‐Kontakt. Neben den zwei beschriebenen Patienten waren noch vier andere Mitglieder der Ringergruppe betroffen.
The high and low molecular weight glutenin subunits and ω‐gliadin composition of bread and durum wheats commonly grown in Portugal
Authors: Igrejas G. , Guedes‐Pinto H. , Carnide V. , Branlard G. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA collection of 63 bread wheats (Triticum aestivum L.) and 21 durum wheats (Triticum durum Desf.) commonly grown in Portugal since 1982 were characterized for the composition of wheat storage proteins (WSP), high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW‐GS), low molecular weight glutenin subunits (LMW‐GS) and ω‐gliadins. The composition of HMW‐GS, LMW‐GS and &‐gliadins, encoded at loci Glu‐1, Glu‐3 and Gli‐1, respectively, was revealed by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. WSP allelic compositions of bread and durum wheat patterns were given. In the bread wheats, a total of 24, 24 and 18 patterns were observed for HMW‐GS, LMW‐GS and ω‐gliadins, respectively. Forty‐two different alleles were identified for the nine loci studied, Glu‐A1 (3), Glu‐B1 (7), Glu‐D1 (4), Glu‐A3 (5), Glu‐B1 (7), Glu‐D3 (2), Gli‐A1 (2), Gli‐B1 (8) and Gli‐D1 (4). In the case of durum wheats, 19 alleles were identified: one allele at Glu‐A1, two at Glu‐B3, Glu‐B2 and Gli‐A1, three at Glu‐B1, four at Glu‐A3 and five at Gli‐B1. For HMW‐GS, LMW‐GS and ω‐gliadins, three, six and six different patterns were revealed, respectively. This study represents the first attempt to discriminate the bread and durum wheat varieties commonly grown in Portugal by the allelic variation of storage proteins. The database is useful for varietal identification and for plant breeders who seek to devise effective programmes aimed at improving wheat quality.
Development of new sources of cytoplasmic male‐sterile lines in rice
Authors: Pradhan S. B. , Jachuck P. J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractTwo male‐sterile lines, KalashreeA and PadminiA, with a Miz.21 cytoplasm source were developed through indica/indica hybridization followed by repeated backcrossing with their respective recurrent male parents (Kalashree and Padmini) up to the BC6 generation. These two cytoplasmic male‐sterile lines are suitable for use in the development of hybrids for lowland situations owing to their intermediate to semi‐tall stature, late flowering duration, good grain quality and easy fertility restoration ability.
Heterosis and inheritance of drought tolerance in faba bean, Vicia faba L.
Authors: Abdelmula A. A. , Link W. , Kittlitz E. Von , Stelling D. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractTwelve parental lines of faba beans and 27 F1 hybrids derived from them were field‐tested under a dry and a well‐watered treatment, at two German locations (Göttingen, Hohenheim) in two years (1995, 1996). Drought was artificially induced using rain shelters from anthesis until maturity. Data were collected on yield under dry (Yd) and well‐watered (Yw) conditions. Drought tolerance was assessed as Yd/Yw. The mid‐parent heterosis was significant for Yd and Yw, but not for Yd/Yw. Relative heterosis for Yd (52.0%) was greater than for Yw (39.3%). Parental heritability was greater for Yw (0.86) than for Yd (0.61). However, it was similar for both traits in F1 hybrids (0.65 and 0.66). Principal component analysis showed that F1 hybrids exhibited the same pattern of adaptation as their parents. The heritability of drought tolerance was 0.48 in F1 hybrids and 0.70 in parents. Attention should be paid to its negative correlation with yield. Several hybrids combined high tolerance, a favourable pattern of adaptation and appropriate performance.