bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distribution of calbindin D‐28k in the entorhinal, perirhinal, and parahippocampal cortices of the macaque monkey
Authors: Suzuki Wendy A. , Porteros Angel 
Published: September 2002

AbstractWe examined the distribution of calbindin D‐28k–immunoreactive (CB‐IR) neurons, fibers, and neuropil in the entorhinal (area 28), perirhinal (areas 35 and 36), and parahippocampal (areas TH and TF) cortices in the macaque monkey. Two main findings are reported. First, except for CB‐IR neurogliaform cells that are only observed in the parahippocampal cortex, the morphology of CB‐stained pyramidal and nonpyramidal cells were similar across the three cortical areas examined. Second, we find that the topography of CB staining differed between the three areas. The entorhinal cortex exhibits the most striking gradient of CB staining such that the most anterior and medial portions are most strongly labeled, whereas posterior and lateral areas exhibit only weak labeling. The labeling throughout the perirhinal and parahippocampal cortices is more homogeneous. Area 35 contains only lightly stained neuropil and few CB‐IR cells. Area 36 and areas TH and TF of the parahippocampal cortex contain a moderate to high density of CB‐IR cells and fibers throughout their full rostrocaudal extents, although each area exhibits unique laminar patterns of staining. In all areas examined, the highest density of CB‐positive cells and fibers is observed in superficial layers with lower densities of CB‐positive cells and fibers present in deep layers. These findings, taken together with our current understanding of the connections of these areas may have implications for understanding the circuit properties of the entorhinal, perirhinal, and parahippocampal cortices areas in both normal and disease states. J. Comp. Neurol. 451:392–412, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Weber fraction and asymmetries in luminance thresholds
Authors: Carreño Fernando , Zoido Jesús Manuel 
Published: September 2002

AbstractPresented in this article is a method for the determination of the Weber fraction by analyzing data obtained from color‐matching experiments. The method is based on a rigorous analysis of the probability density function derived from discrimination judgments made in the xyY space. Analysis shows the thresholds for luminance increments and decrements are shown to be different and asymmetric and the Weber fraction to depend on the target's level of luminance and chromaticity. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 27, 330–334, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.10079
Color science applications of the Binet–Cauchy theorem
Authors: Brill Michael H. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe Binet–Cauchy theorem, an expansion of the determinant of the product of two nonsquare matrices, is quite useful in deriving theorems about ordering relations in color science. The theorem is first described in a special case that proved suitable to color. Then an application of the theorem is described that finds the conditions among reflectance factors in a color atlas such that their chromaticity ordering is illuminant invariant. Finally, an application is described that finds local pathologies in the color gamuts of subtractive and complex‐subtractive colorant systems. These applications should be useful for the design of color atlases.
© 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 27, 310–315, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.10080
Correlation between visual and colorimetric scales ranging from threshold to large color difference
Authors: Xu Haisong , Yaguchi Hirohisa , Shioiri Satoshi 
Published: September 2002

AbstractPsychophysical experiments of color discrimination threshold and suprathreshold color‐difference comparison were carried out with CRT‐generated stimuli using the interleaved staircase and constant stimuli methods, respectively. The experimental results ranged from small (including threshold) to large color difference at the five CIE color centers, which were satisfactorily described by chromaticity ellipses as equal color‐difference contours in the CIELAB space. The comparisons of visual and colorimetric scales in CIELAB unit and threshold unit indicated that the colorimetric magnitudes typically were linear with the visual ones, though with different proportions in individual directions or color centers. In addition, color difference was generally underestimated by the Euclidean distance in the CIELAB space, whereas colorimetric magnitude was perceptually underestimated for threshold unit, implying the present color system is not a really linear uniform space. Furthermore, visual data were used to test the CIELAB‐based color‐difference formulas. In their original forms CIEDE2000 performed a little better than CMC, followed by CIELAB, and with CIE94 showing the worst performance for the combined data set under the viewing condition in this study. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 27, 349–359, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.10081
A theorem on geometric rigidity and the derivation of nonlinear plate theory from three‐dimensional elasticity
Authors: Friesecke Gero , James Richard D. , Müller Stefan 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe energy functional of nonlinear plate theory is a curvature functional for surfaces first proposed on physical grounds by G. Kirchhoff in 1850. We show that it arises as a Γ‐limit of three‐dimensional nonlinear elasticity theory as the thickness of a plate goes to zero. A key ingredient in the proof is a sharp rigidity estimate for maps v : U → ℝn, U ⊂ ℝn. We show that the L2‐distance of ∇v from a single rotation matrix is bounded by a multiple of the L2‐distance from the group SO(n) of all rotations. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Parallel computation on interval graphs: algorithms and experiments
Authors: Ferreira A. , Guérin Lassous I. , Marcus K. , Rau‐Chaplin A. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThis paper describes efficient coarse‐grained parallel algorithms and implementations for a suite of interval graph problems. Included are algorithms requiring only a constant number of communication rounds for connected components, maximum weighted clique, and breadth‐first‐search and depth‐first‐search trees, as well as $O(log p)$ communication rounds algorithms for optimization problems such as minimum interval covering, maximum independent set and minimum dominating set, where $p$ is the number of processors in the parallel system. This implies that the number of communication rounds is independent of the problem size. Implementations of these algorithms are evaluated on parallel clusters, using both Fast Ethernet and Myrinet interconnection networks, and on a CRAY T3E parallel multicomputer, with extensive experimental results being presented and analyzed. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A model of transcriptional regulatory networks based on biases in the observed regulation rules
Authors: Harris Stephen E. , Sawhill Bruce K. , Wuensche Andrew , Kauffman Stuart 
Published: September 2002

AbstractControl rules governing transciption of eukaryotic genes can be modeled as Boolean function, and these rules are strongly biased toward large numbers of “canalizing” inputs. The ensemble of networks with the observed canalizing bias predicts cells are in an ordered regime with convergent flow in transcription state space, a percolating subnetwork of genes fixed on or off an isolated islands of twinkling genes turning on or off, and a near power‐law distribution of cascades of gene activity changes following perturbations. The data suggest that a given cell state or type can be represented as an attractor of transcriptional activity or flow over time. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Optimizing and quantifying fusion of liposomes to mammalian sperm using resonance energy transfer and flow cytometric methods
Authors: Anzar M. , Kakuda N. , He L. , Pauls K.P. , Buhr M.M. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractBackgroundLiposomes are used to carry pharmaceutical agents and to alter the lipid composition of cell membranes. This study compared resonance energy transfer (RET), fluorescence dequenching, and flow cytometry as monitors and quantifiers of fusion between liposomes and mammalian spermatozoa.MethodsPreliminary experiments used RET to determine the optimum sperm concentration for fusion of DL‐α‐phosphatidylcholine dipalmitoyl (PC)/DL‐α‐phosphatidylethanolamine dipalmitoyl (PE) liposomes at 35°C ± 5 mM Ca2+. Microscopy confirmed the fusion of liposomes, not just adhesion (n = 3). Dequenching tested the time‐dependent fusion of liposomes of two different lipid compositions to sperm, both, (n = 3) ± 1 mM Ca2+ and (n = 3) without Ca2+ at two sperm concentrations. Finally, flow cytometry absolutely quantified the percentage of sperm fusing to liposomes at different liposome‐to‐sperm ratios (n = 4) and with sperm from different donors (n = 3).ResultsRET detected fusion of liposomes with sperm and microscopy confirmed the interaction to be true fusion. Dequenching detected more fusion of liposomes with sperm at 100 × 106 sperm per milliliter than at lower concentrations (P < 0.05). Fusion dynamics differed with lipid composition but Ca2+ had no effect. Flow cytometry reliably quantified the percentage of sperm fusing with liposomes, which varied from bull to bull (P < 0.05).ConclusionLiposome fusion with mammalian sperm membranes can be quantified cytometrically and varies with lipid composition, sperm‐to‐liposome ratio, and individual animals. Cytometry 49:22–27, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of caspase inhibition on camptothecin‐induced apoptosis of HL‐60 cells
Authors: King Malcolm A. , Radicchi‐Mastroianni Monica A. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractBackgroundDuring camptothecin (CAM)‐induced apoptosis of HL‐60 cells, the external exposure of phosphatidylserine (PS) can either precede or follow DNA cleavage. The evidence suggests that cells in S‐phase when CAM is added undergo rapid DNA, nuclear, and cellular disintegration before exposing PS on the outside of the plasma membrane, whereas cells moving from G1 into S‐phase after CAM is added expose PS before they manifest the other phenomena. This study describes further investigations using the broad spectrum caspase inhibitor Z‐VAD‐FMK. The cells were cultured for a period long enough to ascertain whether a particular phenomenon was only delayed or was blocked completely.MethodsChanges in cell light scatter, binding of annexin V‐fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) to PS, uptake of propidium iodide (PI) as a measure of plasma membrane integrity, and DNA content after membrane fixation/permeabilization were monitored by flow cytometry during 24‐h cultures. Fluorescence microscopy was used to examine cell morphology.ResultsCaspase inhibition blocked DNA cleavage, breakdown of the nuclear membrane, and formation of apoptotic bodies. It also revealed the existence of a CAM‐activated early S‐phase checkpoint. Cells arrested in early S‐phase preceded the appearance of PS‐positive cells. Caspase inhibition delayed both PS exposure and loss of plasma membrane integrity but did not prevent either.ConclusionsThe results support the hypothesis that the sequence of apoptotic phenomena in an individual CAM‐treated HL‐60 cell depends on the stage of proliferation of that cell when it encounters the CAM. They are also consistent with the hypothesis that caspases are not required for PS exposure or the loss of plasma membrane integrity, but they are involved indirectly in promoting these phenomena. Cytometry 49:28–35, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cytologic findings of myxoid neurothekeoma: Case report based on fine‐needle aspiration cytology, immunohistochemistry, and correlating histopathology
Authors: Levin Kimberly A. , Hayden Richard , Hanau Cheryl A. , Galindo Lorenzo M. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractMyxoid neurothekeomas (nerve sheath myxomas) are rare benign cutaneous neoplasms that may morphologically mimic other myxoid neoplasms of skin and soft tissue. The cytologic and histopathologic features of this lesion may resemble various myxoid sarcomas, chordoma, myxoid neurofibroma, dermal cutaneous mucinosis, and cutaneous myxoma as well as other myxoid or chondroid neoplasms. In this study, a myxoid neurothekeoma was analyzed using multiple techniques. We found that myxoid neurothekeomas reveal a nonspecific pattern by fine‐needle aspiration, including stellate cells embedded within an abundant metachromatic myxoid stromal matrix. These are cytologic features shared by various other subcutaneous neoplasms and thus may not be helpful in forming a definitive diagnosis. Histopathologically, the tumor is composed of nodules of myxoid stroma containing interspersed bland spindled and stellate cells. Immunohistochemical studies show tumor cell positivity for S‐100 protein and vimentin, a profile shared by other neoplasms with similar cytologic features and therefore of little diagnostic value. The histologic and cytologic differential of subcutaneous and soft tissue myxomatous lesions is broad and, therefore, is of unique value to the cytopathologist to consider myxoid neurothekeomas among the differential of other myxomatous neoplasms. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2002;27:173–176. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of NK‐associated antigens in extramedullary lymph nodal blast crisis of chronic myeloid leukemia on fine‐needle cytology
Authors: Zeppa Pio , Marino Gilda , Picardi Marco , Luciano Luigia , Vetrani Antonio , Palombini Lucio 
Published: September 2002

AbstractA case is reported of a 62‐yr‐old male suffering from chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) who developed an extramedullary, para‐orthic lymph‐nodal blast crisis without blood or bone marrow involvement and expression of CD56/NK associated marker. The diagnosis was performed on ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle cytology by an immunocytochemical and flow cytometric analysis. Conventional smears showed a monomorphous population of disperse, undifferentiated cells without cytoplasm. Cells showed fragile nuclei, vesicular chromatin, and evident nucleoli. Immunocytochemistry performed on cytospin slides were negative for cytokeratin, LCA, CD20, CD45Ro, and myeloperoxidase (MPO). Flow cytometry analysis proved the myeloid origin of the tumor by expression of CD13, CD34, and CD38 and showed aberrant expression of CD56. Cytological diagnosis was confirmed by histological examination. CD56 expression is generally an expression of NK lymphoid proliferation and may be observed in acute myelogenous leukemia but has rarely been reported in CML and its related blast crisis. This unusual expression, its possible explanation, the related technical problems, and clinicopathological aspects are discussed. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2002;27:158–160. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Distinguishing tall cell variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma from usual variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma in cytologic specimens
Authors: Solomon Alyson , Gupta Prabodh K. , LiVolsi Virginia A. , Baloch Zubair W. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractTall cell variant (TCV) is an aggressive form of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), usually associated with higher local recurrence and distant metastasis. Some authors have suggested that TCV can be effectively diagnosed on thyroid fine‐needle aspiration (FNA); this diagnosis may help clinicians plan a more effective treatment regimen. The objective of this study was to compare the FNA specimens of TCV with those of usual variant of PTC (UV‐PTC) and to define a set of distinguishing cytologic features. Thirty FNA specimens of histologically proven TCV were compared with 32 FNA specimens of histologically proven UV‐PTC. All specimens were evaluated for the following features: papillary groups (PG), elongated/tall cells (EL/TC), oncocytic cytoplasm (OC), distinct cell borders (DCB), prominent central nucleoli (PCN), intranuclear grooves (NG), and intranuclear inclusions (NI). These features were semiquantitatively measured on a sliding scale of 0–4 in both air‐dried Diff‐Quik®‐stained and ethanol‐fixed Papanicolaou‐stained preparations. TCV showed distinctive cytologic features, which can distinguish them from UV‐PTC. These included EL/TC, OC, and DCB and were also found to be statistically significant (P < 0.0001). No significant differences were noted for PG and NG. The NIs in TCV cases were qualitatively different than those in UV‐PTC. In TCV there were multiple inclusions within the same nucleus imparting a “soap bubble appearance” to the nucleus. This feature was seen in almost all cases of TCV and was rarely seen in usual PTC. On the basis of the above‐mentioned cytologic features, TCV can be distinguished from usual PTC in FNA specimens. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2002;27:143–148. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Conventional and liquid‐based cervicovaginal cytology: A comparison study with clinical and histologic follow‐up
Authors: Baker John J. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractIncreased rates of squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL) diagnosis with liquid‐based cervicovaginal cytology (CVC) methods are well documented. This retrospective study compares the ability of the ThinPrep™ Pap Test (TP) and the conventional Pap smear (CP) to detect biopsy‐proven SIL and to exclude nonneoplastic disease. All CVC reports from January 1999 through December 2000 from seven community Family Medicine clinics affiliated with the University of Nebraska were reviewed. For women with at least one CVC diagnosis of epithelial cell abnormality (ECA), follow‐up histology, cytology, and clinical data were obtained. Statistical analysis was performed using the chi‐square method. SIL was diagnosed in 166 of 3,286 patients by TP (5.1%) and in 169 of 4,872 patients by CP (3.5%) (P < 0.001); 32 of the TP diagnoses (1.0%) and 34 of the CP diagnoses (0.7%) were high‐grade SIL (HSIL). Atypical squamous or glandular cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS/AGUS) was the most severe abnormality diagnosed by TP in 218 patients (6.6%) and by CP in 279 patients (5.7%). Follow‐up histology data on CVC SIL diagnoses showed evidence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in 94 patients screened by TP (2.9%) and in 79 patients screened by CP (1.6%) (P < 0.001); the biopsy diagnoses were CIN 2 or CIN 3 in 34 patients in the TP group (1.0%) and in 28 patients in the CP group (0.6%) (P < 0.025). Follow‐up of patients in whom the first ECA CVC diagnosis was ASCUS or AGUS disclosed a positive predictive value for CIN of 22.8% for TP ASCUS/AGUS diagnoses and 11.9% for CP ASCUS/AGUS diagnoses (P < 0.005). In this population, TP was significantly better than CP in detecting biopsy‐ proven disease and in screening out benign abnormalities. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2002;27:185–188. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Scrape and fine‐needle aspiration cytology of extraskeletal osteosarcoma
Authors: Nagira Keiko , Yamamoto Tetsuji , Akisue Toshihiro , Marui Takashi , Hitora Toshiaki , Nakatani Tetsuya , Kurosaka Masahiro , Tsukamoto Ryuko 
Published: September 2002

AbstractExtraskeletal osteosarcoma is a rare malignant soft tissue tumor whose cytologic findings are infrequently reported. We describe scrape and fine‐needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) cytology findings of an extraskeletal osteosarcoma in the right shoulder of a 24‐yr‐old man. Initial computed tomography revealed multiple ossification foci within the lesion. After excision of the primary tumor, the tumor recurred 13 months later. Scrape smears of both the primary tumor and FNAB smears of the recurrent tumor revealed moderate cellularity, cell clusters, and individual cells, closely associated with dense, homogeneous, acellular matrix material. The cells had elongated, oval, or partially bizarre‐shaped nuclei with a coarse chromatin pattern and prominent nucleoli. The scrape smears contained large fragments of matrix material consistent with osteoid. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2002;27:177–180. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Accuracy of reporting endocervical component adequacy—A continuous quality improvement project
Authors: Roberson Janie , Connolly Kathy , St. John Kay , Eltoum Isam , Chhieng David C. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractInaccurate reporting of the absence of an endocervical (EC) component on Pap smears often results in slide rescreens, amended reports, clinician dissatisfaction, and sometimes unnecessary repeat smears. Therefore, the accuracy of reporting EC component adequacy was selected as a quality indicator for the laboratory continuous quality improvement program (CQI). The process consisted of problem identification, analysis of the situation, collection of data, implementation of solutions, and evaluation of results. The objective of the study was to determine if the accuracy of reporting EC component adequacy on Pap smears improved after application of such a program. During the first phase, 150 Pap smears originally reported with the absence of an adequate EC component and 150 smears reported with the presence of an adequate EC component were rescreened to measure the baseline accuracy of EC component adequacy reporting. The improvement process was then implemented. A cause‐and‐effect diagram was developed and root cause was determined. A presentation was then made to the cytology staff. Criteria for EC component adequacy were reviewed, examples were shown, and standardized marking of EC component was implemented. Following improvement actions, a second audit of 150 Pap smears reported with the absence of an adequate EC component as well as 150 smears reported with the presence of an adequate EC component was undertaken to measure change in performance in assessing EC component adequacy. For the baseline rescreening, before initiation of the CQI program, 98% accuracy was achieved with smears that were reported as adequate for EC component present. However, the accuracy with smears reported as absence of an adequate EC component was only 71%, i.e., an adequate EC component was identified in almost 1/3 of these cases on rescreen. After the implementation of improvement actions, the accuracy with smears reported with the presence of EC component remained high (98%) and the accuracy of reporting the absence of EC component was 90%. The difference of the latter before and after the implementation was statistically significant (P = 0.015, z‐test). The accuracy of reporting EC component adequacy increased following the CQI process. Using reporting EC component adequacy as an example, we demonstrate that by treating clinical problems as quality control issues and applying basic quality improvement tools, a positive outcome can be effected. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2002;27:181–184. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.