bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geography conversion tables: a framework for conversion of data between geographical units
Authors: Simpson Ludi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA conceptual framework for conversion of data between geographical units is developed. It is used to examine the construction of geographical conversion tables, which have taken many forms and have recently been stimulated in the UK by government emphasis on neighbourhood profiling. Where boundaries of different geographical systems overlap, then conversion of data from one system to another involves approximation. In this case non‐hierarchical geography conversion tables are used and data conversion is equivalent to statistical synthetic estimation. Errors arise both in the construction of geographical conversion tables and in the approximation when converting data between overlapping geographies. A typology of errors when estimating data by geographical conversion is complemented by empirical measurement for a variety of UK examples. Data conversion using weighted sums of source unit data is shown to be more accurate than the allocation of data for whole source units to single target units. Measures of quality for estimates from data conversion are necessary and are proposed. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application des indicateurs “approvisionnement relatif en eau” et “productivité de l'eau” à l'analyse des performances des petits périmètres irrigués au Burkina Faso
Authors: Dembélé Y. , Ouattara S. , Keïta A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe performance of three small irrigation systems located in the central and the centre eastern regions of Burkina Faso has been analysed at the field level, using two performance indicators:

Relative water supply (RWS) to assess the adequacy of “irrigation supply and effective rainfall” and the crop water requirement;
Water productivity (Pe) to assess water use efficiency.

The results show that the average value of RWS of wet‐season rice fields is very high (1.3) at Gorgo, medium (1.04) at Mogtedo and very low (0.75) at Itenga. The average value of water productivity is high (0.88 kg m−3) at Itenga, medium (0.65 kg m−3) at Mogtedo and low (0.34 kg m−3) at Gorgo.The relationship of RWS to water productivity shows that it would be possible to save irrigation water without decreasing rice yields significantly. However, no significant correlation has been found between the RWS values and the yield values. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bankruptcy prediction of financially stressed firms: an examination of the predictive accuracy of artificial neural networks
Authors: Anandarajan Murugan , Lee Picheng , Anandarajan Asokan 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis is an extension of prior studies that have used artificial neural networks to predict bankruptcy. The incremental contribution of this study is threefold. First, we use only financially stressed firms in our control sample. This enables the models to more closely approximate the actual decision processes of auditors and other interested parties. Second, we develop a more parsimonious model using qualitative ‘bad news’ variables that prior research indicates measure financial distress. Past research has focused on the ‘usefulness’ of accounting numbers and therefore often ignored non‐accounting variables that may contribute to the classification accuracy of the distress prediction models. In addition, rather than use multiple financial ratios, we include a single variable of financial distress using the Zmijewski distress score that incorporates ratios measuring profitability, liquidity, and solvency. Finally, we develop and test a genetic algorithm neural network model. We examine its predictive ability to that of a backpropagation neural network and a model using multiple discriminant analysis. The results indicate that the misclassification cost of the genetic algorithm‐based neural network was the lowest among the models. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An empirical comparison of flexible demand system functional forms
Authors: Fisher Douglas , Fleissig Adrian R. , Serletis Apostolos 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper compares the performance of eight frequently used flexible forms that are either (1) locally flexible, (2) ‘effectively globally regular’, or (3) asymptotically globally flexible. Results show that the functions with global properties generally perform better, particularly those models having asymptotic properties. Results, using US consumption data, indicate substitutability among the components of consumption at most data points. There is also some interesting substitution volatility around the time of recessions in the USA. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Succimer treatment during ongoing lead exposure reduces tissue lead in suckling rats
Authors: Varnai Veda Marija , Piasek Martina , Blanuša Maja , Matek Sarić Marijana , Kostial Krista 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThere is a concern that oral treatment with succimer (meso‐2, 3‐dimercaptosuccinic acid, DMSA) can promote gastrointestinal lead absorption if not performed in a lead‐safe environment. The scope of our investigation was to evaluate the efficacy of oral DMSA treatment during oral lead exposure on tissue lead in suckling rats. Six‐day‐old Wistar rats of both genders were divided into two groups—untreated (Pb) and treated (Pb + DMSA)—with 10 animals per group. Lead (as acetate) was given orally at a dose of 2 mg kg−1 body weight day−1 for eight consecutive days (total dose 16 mg kg−1, i.e. 0.08 mmol kg−1). During this period the treated group received a daily dose of 0.5 mmol DMSA kg−1 body weight p.o. six times on days 1–3 and 6–8 of the experiment (total dose 3 mmol kg−1). Tissue lead was determined by means of atomic absorption spectrometry. The DMSA efficiently reduced the lead concentration in the analysed tissues (carcass, liver, kidneys and brain) by ∼50% compared with untreated controls. The pups' growth and organ weights were not affected. In conclusion, our results indicate that DMSA is an efficient oral lead chelator in sucklings even if challenged with ongoing lead exposure. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sexually dimorphic alterations of brain cortical dominance in rats prenatally exposed to TCDD
Authors: Zareba Grazyna , Hojo Rieko , Zareba Karolina M. , Watanabe Chiho , Markowski Vincent P. , Baggs Raymond B. , Weiss Bernard 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSexually dimorphic patterns of cortical lateralization are documented extensively in both human and animal brains. Male rats tend to exhibit pronounced right hemisphere dominance compared with females, whereas females typically exhibit more diffuse lateralization patterns and greater left hemisphere bias compared with males. Prenatal TCDD (2,3,7,8 tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin) exposure produces demasculinization of male offspring sexual behavior. In previous studies, we showed a reversal of cortical dominance in rats after prenatal TCDD exposure on gestational day 18 (GD 18). The current study aimed to determine the nature of changes observed in rats exposed to TCDD on GD 8. In addition, locomotor activity was measured in male and female offspring on postnatal day (PND) 30, 60 and 90. Pregnant females were given, via gavage, a single dose of 0, 20, 60 or 180 ng kg−1 TCDD on GD 8. Cortical depth measurements were taken in selected brain regions in offspring 3 months old that had been exposed to the 180 ng kg−1 dose. Areas 2, 3, 17, 18a and 39 at bregmas −1.8, −3.8 and −5.8 were analyzed by quantifying digitized, enhanced images produced by a photomicroscope fitted with a special color camera. In both male and female offspring, cortical thicknesses in control brains exceeded those of exposed brains. In several brain areas of male offspring exposed to TCDD, right hemispheric dominance reversed to left hemispheric dominance. Female offspring brains showed a contrary move towards right hemisphere dominance. Motor activity in juvenile and mature animals did not differ among dose groups. These data demonstrate that prenatal exposure to TCDD reduces cortical thickness and alters the normal pattern of cortical asymmetry, a finding consistent with the sexually dimorphic behavioral effects induced by this agent. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of enamel matrix derivative to titanium implantation in rat femurs
Authors: Shimizu‐Ishiura Miho , Tanaka Shinpei , Lee Won‐Sik , Debari Kazuhiro , Sasaki Takahisa 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe effects of enamel matrix derivative (EMD; Emdogain®) on new trabecular bone induction after pure bioinert titanium (Ti) implantation in the rat femur were examined by means of routine light and transmission electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and backscattered electron image analysis. Newly designed mini‐Ti implants (3.5 mm in length and 1.6 mm in diameter) were placed in the corticotrabecular area of the femur with either EMD or its carrier, propylene glycol alginate, as control. On post‐implantation days 4, 7, 14, and 30, the dissected femur was examined in the transverse direction through Ti implants. In both control and EMD‐applied femurs, trabecular bone formation was recognized over the implant surfaces and within medullary cavities even at 4 days post‐implantation. These newly formed bone trabeculae around the Ti implants were immunoreactive for bone sialoproteins as a bone matrix marker, and osteoclastic bone resorption became evident in these bone trabeculae after 7 days post‐implantation. Although trabecular bone area around the implants was markedly decreased at 30 days post‐implantation compared with those at 14 days, the trabecular bone areas in EMD‐applied femurs were significantly greater than those in propylene glycol alginate‐applied femurs at both 14 and 30 days post‐implantation. Our results suggest that EMD is an effective biological matrix for enhancing new trabecular bone induction and resulting attachment of orthopedic prostheses to the recipient bone. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 60: 269–276, 2002; DOI 10.1002/jbm.10064
Evaluation of a novel hemostatic device in an ovine parenchymal organ bleeding model of normal and impaired hemostasis
Authors: Turner A. Simon , Parker Denise , Egbert Barbara , Maroney Marcee , Armstrong Rosa , Powers Noël 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBleeding is a problem encountered by many surgeons, often complicated by the presence of coagulopathy or anticoagulant. The hemostatic effectiveness of CoStasis® Surgical Hemostat (with bovine collagen, bovine thrombin, and autologous plasma) was evaluated and compared to a collagen sponge and to two investigational fibrin‐sealant preparations under conditions of normal and impaired coagulation. A liver resection and controlled incisions in spleens and kidneys were made in sheep. Time to complete hemostasis and total blood loss were measured. Tissue response was evaluated at 7, 30, 60, and 75 days. CoStasis®‐treated sites demonstrated significantly shorter time to hemostasis (all surgical sites combined) compared with fibrin sealant (investigational fibrin sealant 1) (p=.005) or collagen sponge (p=0.013). In anticoagulated animals, CoStasis® and fibrin sealant (investigational fibrin sealant 2) had comparable mean times to hemostasis, and CoStasis®‐treated sites exhibited lowered average blood loss compared to investigational fibrin‐sealant‐2 treated sites. CoStasis®‐treated sites demonstrated higher levels of tissue repair (lower inflammation, more extensive tissue repair, and less residual implant) compared to fibrin–sealant‐ or collagen–sponge‐treated sites in Phases I and II. These findings demonstrate that CoStasis® is a highly effective hemostatic agent for control of bleeding from parenchymal organs. Furthermore, under conditions of compromised coagulation, treatment with CoStasis® demonstrates a reduction in average blood loss when compared to treatment with fibrin sealant. © 2001 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res (Appl Biomater) 63: 37–47, 2002
Improvement in zirconia osseointegration by means of a biological glass coating: An in vitro and in vivo investigation
Authors: Aldini N. Nicoli , Fini M. , Giavaresi G. , Torricelli P. , Martini L. , Giardino R. , Ravaglioli A. , Krajewski A. , Mazzocchi M. , Dubini B. , Ponzi‐Bossi M. G. , Rustichelli F. , Stanic V. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe biocompatibility and osseointegration of zirconia (ZrO2), either coated with RKKP bioglaze® or uncoated, were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The in vitro test was performed in human osteoblasts, whereas maximal sensitization was performed in 23 Dunkin Hurtley guinea pigs. RKKP bioglaze‐coated and uncoated (controls) ZrO2 cylinders were implanted in the distal femoral epiphyses of 14 Sprague‐Dawley rats under general anesthesia, and animals were sacrificed at 30 and 60 days. Lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, and Thiazolyl Blue (MTT) were tested in vitro. A graded score was used for evaluating the results of the sensitization test. Histomorphometry and microhardness testing were performed to quantify the osseointegration rate, as well as bone quality around the implants. Neither in vitro cytotoxicity nor sensitization were observed. Histomorphometry demonstrated that at 30 days, the affinity index was significantly higher in coated implants than in uncoated ones (p < 0.05); at 60 days, the behavior of coated implants was better than that of uncoated ones, but differences were not significant. Significant increases in bone microhardness were found at 1000 μm from the interface area for both uncoated (p < 0.0005) and RKKP bioglaze®‐coated (p < 0.0005) ZrO2, and also within 200 μm from the interface (p = 0.014) but only for coated ZrO2. These results suggest that RKKP bioglaze®‐coated ZrO2 permits biocompatible devices with improved osseointegration properties to be manufactured. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 61: 282–289, 2002
The hydrolytic degradation of polydioxanone (PDSII) sutures. Part I: Morphological aspects
Authors: Ping Ooi Chui , Cameron Ruth E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe morphological changes in polydioxanone sutures (PDSII), and the resulting changes in properties are explored as a function of in vitro degradation time with the use of small‐ and wide‐angle x‐ray scattering, optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, and measurements of tensile properties and mass change. There are significant changes to the properties of the suture on initial hydration. In the time range of 0–80 days investigated, two subsequent stages of degradation are apparent. Chain scission is thought to occur in the first stage, beginning as soon as the chains become hydrated. However, in this stage, the effects of scission on the physical properties of the suture are not apparent. The transition from the first (dormant) stage to the second (active) stage, in which changes to the physical structure and mechanical properties of the fiber become measurable, is gradual, with the first change occurring after about 15 days. The relationships between the changes in the microstructure and the properties are discussed and a general model for the degradation process proposed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res (Appl Biomater) 63: 280–290, 2002
In vitro and in vivo biocompatibility testing of Ti‐6Al‐7Nb alloy with and without plasma‐sprayed hydroxyapatite coating
Authors: Lavos‐Valereto I. C. , Wolynec S. , Deboni M. C. Z. , König B. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe Ti‐6Al‐7Nb alloy has been recently developed for biomedical use, particularly for orthopedics and dental applications. Osteosynthesis has been used to analyze biocompatibility and osseoconduction properties. The interaction of the implant with its biological environment, the formation of the implant material/tissue interface, and the long‐term success or failure of integration in the human body is strongly connected with the surface properties of the implant device. This study was undertaken to evaluate the processes involved in biological responses of the Ti‐6Al‐7Nb alloy with and without hydroxyapatite coatings with both in vitro and in vivo tests. The results were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy‐dispersive x‐ray (EDX) microanalysis. The morphology of the in vitro and in vivo testing results with hydroxyapatite coating was similar to those obtained on the uncoated samples. A mineralized extracellular matrix was formed on all materials. Observation of the interface between the cell layer and substrata showed the presence of calcium and phosphorous‐rich globular deposits associated with collagen fibers on all materials in vitro and in vivo. A higher density of these globular deposits was observed in all samples. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res (Appl Biomater) 58: 727–733, 2001
Interaction of bioactive glasses with peritoneal macrophages and monocytes in vitro
Authors: Bosetti M. , Hench L. , Cannas M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMacrophage activation was analyzed following exposure to pure, crystalline α‐quartz powders, two bioactive gel‐glass powders of different compositions, and a melt‐derived glass, 45S5 Bioglass®. The release of reactive oxygen metabolites (chemiluminescence test), modifications of cell morphology, the amount of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) secreted, and the amount of TNFα mRNA expression were evaluated. The 45S5 Bioglass® powders elicited the highest chemiluminescence response while the two sol‐gel glasses had a lower response with less of an oxidative burst difference between them. Particulate bioactive glasses are actively ingested by mouse peritoneal macrophages, and only the 58S sol‐gel glass had a moderate toxic effect on the macrophages. Macrophage cell morphology showed increased size and cell spreading, consistent with the high level of cytokine secretion induced by 45S5 Bioglass®. The 45S5 Bioglass® powders led to an increased release of TNFα and expression of TNFα mRNA relative to unstimulated and control treated monocytes. Bioactive glasses (and particularly 45S5 Bioglass®) that in vivo induce rapid bone growth appear to activate an autocrine‐like process in which the response evoked by the material (for example monocyte and macrophage activation with cytokine production) enhances subsequent interactions with cells in contact with the material. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 60: 79–85, 2002
A critical look at the new purchase accounting for M&A transactions
Authors: Ketz J. Edward 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe FASB recently published SFAS Nos. 141 and 142, which create big changes in the accounting for business
combinations. The author reviews some of the major features, and looks at some clues about where the FASB might
be going next. He also gives some savvy strategies for dealing with these accounting pronouncements—given
current economic conditions. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Apoptosis induced by progesterone in human ovarian cancer cell line SNU‐840
Authors: Yu Sunhee , Lee Minhyung , Shin Seungjin , Park Jong‐sang 
Published: August 2002

AbstractProgesterone has been used as an ingredient of anticancer drug for patients with ovarian carcinoma. However, the mechanism of anticancer effects by progesterone has not been understood. In this study, the effects of progesterone on ovarian cancer cells, SNU‐840, were investigated. After the incubation with progesterone, the viability of the cells was evaluated by MTT assay. As a result, 45% of the cells were viable after 48 h of incubation with 100 μM progesterone. In addition, [3H]thymidine incorporation assay showed that the proliferation of the cells was completely inhibited by progesterone after 48 h of incubation at 100 μM concentration. Colorimetric TUNEL assay revealed the fragmentation of the chromosomal DNA, suggesting that the process of the cell death was apoptosis. The level of the p53 mRNA was determined by northern blotting assay, since many apoptosis processes are mediated by up‐regulation of the p53 expression. The level of the p53 mRNA reached its maximum at 12 h and decreased after 24 h of incubation with progesterone. In conclusion, progesterone inhibits the proliferation and elicites apoptosis of SNU‐840 cells. Also, it up‐regulates the p53 mRNA transiently. J. Cell. Biochem. 82:445–451, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Induction of oxidative stress by homocyst(e)ine impairs endothelial function*
Authors: Mujumdar Vibhas S. , Aru Giorgio M. , Tyagi Suresh C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPrevious studies have demonstrated a relationship between hyperhomocysteinemia and endothelial dysfunction, reduced bioavailability of nitric oxide, elastinolysis and, vascular muscle cell proliferation. In vivo decreased nitric oxide production is associated with increased matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity and formation of nitrotyrosine. To test the hypothesis that homocysteine neutralizes vascular endothelial nitric oxide, activates metalloproteinase, causes elastinolysis and vascular hypertrophy, we isolated aortas from normotensive Wistar rats and cultured them in medium containing homocysteine, and calf serum for 14 days. Homocysteine‐mediated impairment of endothelial‐dependent vasodilatation was reversed by co‐incubation of homocysteine with nicotinamide (an inhibitor of peroxinitrite and nitrotyrosine), suggesting a role of homocysteine in redox‐mediating endothelial dysfunction and nitrotyrosine formation. The Western blot analysis, using anti‐nitrotyrosine antibody, on aortic tissue homogeneates demonstrated decreased nitrotyrosine in hyperhomocysteinemic vessels treated with nicotinamide. Zymographic analysis revealed increased elastinolytic gelatinase A and B (MMP‐2, ‐9) in homocysteine treated vessels and the treatment with nicotinamide decreases the homocysteine‐induced MMP activation. Morphometric analyses revealed significant medial hypertrophic thickening (1.4 ± 0.2‐fold of control, P = 0.03) and elastin disruption in homocysteine‐treated vessels as compared to control. To determine whether homocysteine causes endothelial cell injury, cross‐sections of aortas were analyzed for caspase activity by incubating with Ac‐YVAD‐AMC (substrate for apoptotic enzyme, caspase). The endothelium of homocysteine treated vessels, and endothelial cells treated with homocysteine, showed marked labeling for caspase. The length‐tension relationship of homocysteine treated aortas was shifted to the left as compared to untreated aortas, indicating reduced vascular elastic compliance in homocysteine‐treated vessels. Co‐incubation of homocysteine and inhibitors of MMP, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase‐4 (TIMP‐4), and caspase, YVAD‐CHO, improved vascular function. The results suggest that alteration in vascular elastin/collagen ratio and activation of MMP‐2 are associated with decreased NO production in hyperhomocysteinemia. J. Cell. Biochem. 82:491–500, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.