bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the early apical release from endodontic hydrogels: A 3D printed model
Authors: Leveque Marianne , Bekhouche Mourad , Farges Jean‐Christophe , Richert Raphaël , Ducret Maxime 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimRegenerative Endodontic Procedures (REPs) using new materials such as hydrogels aim to replace current endodontic treatments, but numerous limitations are to overcome. Apical release was little explored in previous studies, especially regarding hydrogels that incorporate molecules, such as growth factors and antibiotics. Apical release is a key mechanism in achieving regeneration, as it could regulate disinfection or cell colonization. Few models exist for apical release, limiting the transfer of these devices from bench to bedside. This study aims to design a simple and standardized model to identify parameters that influence the early apical release kinetic of molecules from endodontic hydrogels.MethodologyEndodontic Release Inserts (ERI) were designed to mimic the situation of an immature incisor using three different diameters (Ø 0.5 to 2 mm) and to allow the study of the early release from a hydrogel in a 96‐well plate. ERI was produced with a 3D printing machine. The kinetic release was investigated using 2 fluorescent, hydrophobic (BDP‐500) and hydrophilic (Fluorescein) molecules, in different hydrogels (fibrin and agarose) and in various media (PBS or serum). The release kinetics were estimated by measuring the fluorescence at different time points (1 to 24 h).ResultsERI use made it possible to report that apical diameters increase from 500 to 1000 μm was associated with an increase in release from 4.02 ± 1.63% to 11.53 ± 2.38% over 24 h. It also allowed us to report that bottom solution composition change from PBS to human serum was associated with an increase in the release of fatty acid molecules, whilst a decrease in the hydrogel concentration was associated with a variation in release kinetics. Moreover, nano‐encapsulation of a molecule was associated with a decreased release over the first 24 h from 5.25 to 0%.ConclusionERI use enables investigation of the parameters influencing release kinetics from endodontic hydrogels. Further investigations are necessary to evaluate the interaction of these parameters with each other, in animal models and clinic.
Against the tide: A case of industrial relations transformation in the Indian coal sector
Authors: Talluri Surendra Babu , Balasubramanian Girish , Sarkar Santanu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAlthough the scholarly debate on industrial relations (IR) transformation is inclined toward the conclusion that the IR transformation is bound to take place with changes in the surrounding business environment, we observe a few exceptions in each economy. The current study investigates one of such curious IR contexts, that is, the Indian coal sector. We rely on the ‘logic of the action’ framework and the IR transformation measures to assess the sector at an aggregate and micro level. The coal sector in India consists of a mix of both permanent and informal workforce. With respect to the permanent workforce, we analysed the collective bargaining agreements spanned over five decades (1975–2021). For the informal workforce, we analysed the recommendations of the HPC on wages and working conditions, the provisions of relevant legislation, internal circulars of coal companies and important judicial pronouncements. Our analyses revealed vast differences in wages and working conditions between the permanent and informal workforce. Despite a significant decline in the permanent workforce, they could negotiate better terms as the growing size of the informal workforce was yet to form a collective bargaining mechanism for better wages and working conditions. These results are indicative of a paradox which needs to be explored further. Our study advances the thesis of adaptive state capitalism in the coal sector through functional and numerical flexibility despite a politicised multi‐union model in India.
Identification of genomic regions and pathways associated with traits related to rumen acidosis in feedlot Nellore cattle
Authors: Estevam Daniela D. , Souza Johnny M. , Rey Fernando S. B. , Martins Cyntia L. , Stafuzza Nedenia B. , Espigolan Rafael , Millen Danilo D. , Arrigoni Mario D. B. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThere may be an increased risk of metabolic disorders, such as rumen acidosis, in cattle fed high‐concentrate diets, particularly those from Bos taurus indicus genotypes, which have shown to be more sensitive to ruminal acidification. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate (co)variance components and identify genomic regions and pathways associated with ruminal acidosis in feedlot Nellore cattle fed high‐concentrate diets. It was utilized a dataset containing a total of 642 Nellore bulls that were genotyped from seven feedlot nutrition studies. The GGP Indicus 35k panel was used with the single step genome‐wide association study methodology in which the effects of the markers were obtained from the genomic values estimated by the GBLUP model. A bivariate model to estimate genetic correlations between the economically important traits and indicator traits for acidosis was used. The traits evaluated in this study that were nutritionally related to rumen acidosis included average daily gain (ADG), final body weight, time spent eating (TSE), time spent ruminating, rumenitis score (RUM), rumen absorptive surface area (ASA), rumen keratinized layer thickness (KER) and hot carcass weight (HCW). The identified candidate genes were mainly involved in the negative or non‐regulation of the apoptotic process, salivary secretion, and transmembrane transport. The genetic correlation between HCW and ASA was low positive (0.27 ± 0.23), and between ADG and ASA was high moderate (0.58 ± 0.59). A positive genetic correlation between RUM and all performance traits was observed, and TSE correlated negatively with HCW (−0.33 ± 0.21), ASA (−0.75 ± 0.48), and KER (−0.40 ± 0.27). The genetic association between economically important traits and indicator traits for acidosis suggested that Nellore cattle may be more sensitive to acidosis in feedlot systems.
Injury patterns and demographics in older adult abuse and falls: A comparative study in emergency department settings
Authors: Khurana Bharti , Bayne Haley N. , Prakash Jaya , Loder Randall T. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundFalls and interpersonal violence pose significant threats to older adults, leading to injuries, hospitalizations, and emergency department (ED) visits. This study investigates the demographics and injury patterns in older adults (aged 60 and above) who sought ED care due to assaults, comparing them with those who experienced falls to gain a deeper understanding of older adult abuse patterns.MethodThis study utilizes data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) All Injury Program (2005–2019) to examine injuries among older adults aged 60 years and above. Participants were categorized into two groups: older adult abuse and injuries due to falls. The differences between the groups by demographics, injury locations, patterns, and temporal trends were analyzed using statistical methods accounting for the weighted stratified nature of the data. Cosinor analysis and Joinpoint regression were used for temporal analysis.ResultsOver 15 years, there were an estimated 307,237 ED visits for older adult abuse and 39,477,217 for falls. Older adults experiencing abuse were younger and had lower hospital admission rates compared to fall patients. Injuries associated with abuse included contusions/abrasions, penetrating injuries, and fractures to the head/neck, fingers, toes, ribs, and lower extremities. In contrast, fall patients had higher admission rates, with more fractures, including cervical spine and hip fractures. Temporal patterns showed a higher rate of assaults during the summer, whereas abuse demonstrated bimodal peaks in the summer and fall.ConclusionsInjuries associated with abuse such as facial, upper trunk, and upper extremity fractures should raise suspicion even in the absence of severe symptoms. These findings emphasize the importance of early identification to connect older adults with support resources, as patients experiencing abuse often get discharged from the ED.
A widely targeted metabolite modificomics strategy for modified metabolites identification in tomato
Authors: Yang Jun , Chen Ridong , Wang Chao , Li Chun , Ye Weizhen , Zhang Zhonghui , Wang Shouchuang 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTThe structural and functional diversity of plant metabolites is largely created via chemical modification of a basic backbone. However, metabolite modifications in plants have still not been thoroughly investigated by metabolomics approaches. In this study, a widely targeted metabolite modificomics (WTMM) strategy was developed based on ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography‐quadrupole‐linear ion trap (UHPLC‐Q‐Trap) and UHPLC‐Q‐Exactive‐Orbitrap (UHPLC‐QE‐Orbitrap), which greatly improved the detection sensitivity and the efficiency of identification of modified metabolites. A metabolite modificomics study was carried out using tomato as a model, and over 34,000 signals with MS2 information were obtained from approximately 232 neutral loss transitions. Unbiased metabolite profiling was also performed by utilizing high‐resolution mass spectrometry data to annotate a total of 2,118 metabolites with 125 modification types; of these, 165 modified metabolites were identified in this study. Next, the WTMM database was used to assess diseased tomato tissues and 29 biomarkers were analyzed. In summary, the WTMM strategy is not only capable of large‐scale detection and quantitative analysis of plant‐modified metabolites in plants, but also can be used for plant biomarker development.
Rural–urban disparities and trends in utilization of palliative care services among US patients with metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Freeman Jincong Q. , Scott Adam W. , Akhiwu Ted O. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPurposeTo assess trends and rural–urban disparities in palliative care utilization among patients with metastatic breast cancer.MethodsWe analyzed data from the 2004–2019 National Cancer Database. Palliative care services, including surgery, radiotherapy, systemic therapy, and/or other pain management, were provided to control pain or alleviate symptoms; utilization was dichotomized as “yes/no.” Rural–urban residence, defined by the US Department of Agriculture Economic Research Service's Rural–Urban Continuum Codes, was categorized as “rural/urban/metropolitan.” Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine rural–urban differences in palliative care use. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated.FindingsOf 133,500 patients (mean age 62.4 [SD = 14.2] years), 86.7%, 11.7%, and 1.6% resided in metropolitan, urban, and rural areas, respectively; 72.5% were White, 17.0% Black, 5.8% Hispanic, and 2.7% Asian. Overall, 20.3% used palliative care, with a significant increase from 15.6% in 2004–2005 to 24.5% in 2008–2019 (7.0% increase per year; p‐value for trend <0.001). In urban areas, 23.3% received palliative care, compared to 21.0% in rural and 19.9% in metropolitan areas (p < 0.001). After covariate adjustment, patients residing in rural (AOR = 0.84; 95% CI: 0.73–0.98) or metropolitan (AOR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.80–0.89) areas had lower odds of having used palliative care than those in urban areas.ConclusionsIn this national, racially diverse sample of patients with metastatic breast cancer, the utilization of palliative care services increased over time, though remained suboptimal. Further, our findings highlight rural–urban disparities in palliative care use and suggest the potential need to promote these services while addressing geographic access inequities for this patient population.
Shifting Sands: US Gulf Policy Recalibrates As China's Regional Ambitions Grow
Authors: Moreland Rachel 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSince Iraq's invasion of Kuwait in the 1990s, the United States has played the role of security guarantor in the Gulf, and despite prevailing concerns of American retrenchment, it retains a strong military footprint across the region. But China's emergence as a major player in the Gulf—with its geopolitical ambitions, thirst for foreign oil, and attractive offer of business and investment with a “look the other way” policy on human rights—has stoked fears about the eclipse of American power. While the Gulf remains of strategic importance to the US global strategy, Washington's readjustment of its regional goals suggests that it is recalibrating. Drawing on the literature of foreign policy change, this analysis uses three case studies to examine Washington's recalibration toward the Gulf under the Biden presidency: US engagement with the Iran nuclear deal, US defense agreements with the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), and US‐GCC tech relations, specifically tensions with China over the use of Huawei technology. This article is part of a special issue on the responses of Gulf countries to rising Sino‐American competition, edited by Andrea Ghiselli, Anoushiravan Ehteshami, and Enrico Fardella.
Clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and treatment of central nervous system sporotrichosis: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: de Oliveira Vítor Falcão , Petrucci Júlia Figueiredo , Taborda Mariane , Brener Pedro Zanetta , Kremer Pedro Guilherme De Barros Brito , Randi Bruno Azevedo , Magri Adriana Satie Gonçalves Kono , Magri Marcello Mihailenko Chaves , Levin Anna S. , Silva Guilherme Diogo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe clinical features of central nervous system (CNS) sporotrichosis are derived from case reports and a limited series of cases. Our objective was to carry out a systematic review and meta‐analysis of CNS sporotrichosis.MethodsWe searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and LILACS on 9 September 2023. Our inclusion criteria were documentation of Sporothrix and demonstrated CNS involvement. A metaproportion or metamean analysis was performed to estimate a summary proportion with 95% confidence intervals.ResultsWe included 52 cases of CNS sporotrichosis published from 1966 to 2023. Forty‐six patients were male (88%, 95% CI: 77–95), and the mean age was 39 years (95% CI: 36–43). Close contact with cats was reported in 55% of cases (95% CI: 37–72). Thirty‐two (61.5%) patients were from Brazil, 18 patients from the United State of America (34.6%). Only two Sporothrix species were reported: S. schenckii (26/41, 63%), and S. brasiliensis (15/41, 37%). The most common neurological symptom was headache. Meningitis was chronic in approximately 80% of cases. A significant majority of the patients were immunocompromised. HIV infection was the primary cause of immunosuppression (85%, 95% CI: 61–95). Overall mortality was 56% (22/39). The comparison of Kaplan–Meier survival curve showed a higher mortality with a statistically significant difference in immunosuppressed patients (p = .019).ConclusionCNS sporotrichosis represents a notable cause of chronic meningitis, especially in individuals living in the Americas with HIV infection and concurrent skin lesions.
Beyond source and sink control – toward an integrated approach to understand the carbon balance in plants
Authors: Gessler Arthur , Zweifel Roman 
Published: February 2024

SummaryA conceptual understanding on how the vegetation's carbon (C) balance is determined by source activity and sink demand is important to predict its C uptake and sequestration potential now and in the future. We have gathered trajectories of photosynthesis and growth as a function of environmental conditions described in the literature and compared them with current concepts of source and sink control. There is no clear evidence for pure source or sink control of the C balance, which contradicts recent hypotheses. Using model scenarios, we show how legacy effects via structural and functional traits and antecedent environmental conditions can alter the plant's carbon balance. We, thus, combined the concept of short‐term source–sink coordination with long‐term environmentally driven legacy effects that dynamically acclimate structural and functional traits over time. These acclimated traits feedback on the sensitivity of source and sink activity and thus change the plant physiological responses to environmental conditions. We postulate a whole plant C‐coordination system that is primarily driven by stomatal optimization of growth to avoid a C source–sink mismatch. Therefore, we anticipate that C sequestration of forest ecosystems under future climate conditions will largely follow optimality principles that balance water and carbon resources to maximize growth in the long term.
Designing and analyzing studies of coronavirus disease 2019 and post‐acute sequelae of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 among immunocompromised individuals
Authors: DeGruttola Victor , Aslam Saima 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObservational studies of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) among transplant candidates and recipients remain important as immunocompromised patients formed a very small proportion of patients included in COVID‐19 trials and large database analyses. We discuss methods that have been used in such analyses to evaluate the impact of vaccination on the risk of symptomatic COVID‐19 in such patients and on the probability of developing post‐acute sequelae of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 after the onset of infection. We also propose future directions for research and discuss the methods that will be useful to conduct such investigations. The study design and analytical issues that we consider have the potential to be helpful not only for COVID‐19 research but also for other infections as well.
Feline dermatoses at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (Iran): 154 cases (2009–2020)
Authors: Alizadeh Alireza , Sadr Soheil , Azizzadeh Mohammad , Khoshnegah Javad 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundStudies indicate that 6% to 20% of feline patients have at least one dermatopathy.Hypothesis/ObjectiveThis retrospective study aimed to provide comprehensive information about the types of skin diseases, diagnosis methods, treatments and follow‐up data in a hospital population of domestic cats in Iran.Animals/Materials and MethodsThe present survey of clinical observations was conducted on the medical records of 1825 individual cats brought to the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (Iran) over a 12‐year period (2009–2020).ResultsFeline dermatoses accounted for 154 (8.43%) of the 1,825 cats examined during the study period. The most prevalent dermatological manifestations in the studied population of 154 were erythema, macules, papules and/or pustules (36; 23.37%), alopecia (18; 11.68%) and erosive/ulcerative lesions (17; 11.03%). Specific dermatological diagnoses made were the following (in descending order, of 154): dermatophytosis (34; 22.07%), subcutaneous abscesses (16; 10.38%), atopic skin syndrome/environmental allergies (20; 10.38%), external parasites (15; 9.74%), otitis (10; 6.49%), flea infestation (6; 3.89%), food allergy (4; 2.59%) and primary pyoderma (2; 1.29%). Most lesions were observed in the head/face of cats (41 of 154; 26.62%) and their ears (39; 25.32%). Following treatment, 86 of 154 cats (69.35%) had complete remissions, 17 cats faced recurrent dermatoses and the owners of 21 cats were not satisfied.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceThe prevalence of dermatoses among this cohort of Iranian cats is similar to that in other parts of the world. However, a noticeable difference was detected in the most prevalent dermatoses. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to assess the characteristics and outcomes of feline dermatological conditions in Iran.
Optimal Transport Theory for Railway Track Safety Applications
Authors: Attoh-Okine Nii O. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Optimal mass transport (OMT) is an optimization problem that determines a method of moving mass or value from one function to another in the most efficiently and optimally. Using the ideas of OMT, this technical note aims to formulate and solve an OMT model for railway track safety. The inputs for the analysis include (a) geometry data, (b) rail defect, (c) subsurface condition, and (d) tonnage. The technical note only presents the steps in achieving a complete OMT analysis. Therefore, the idea of the note is to serve as an illustration of the effectiveness of OMT in railway engineering applications.
Compactons in Higher-Order Nesterenko's-Type Equations
Authors: Vladimirov Vsevolod , Skurativskyi Sergii 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
A model describing propagation of waves in a prestressed granular media is considered. The model, having the form of evolutionary partial differential equation (PDE), is obtained from the system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) describing dynamics of a chain of prestressed granules by means of formal asymptotic expansion. It is shown in our previous papers that in the lowest asymptotic approximation, in which both nonlinear effects and the presence of media structure are taken into account, the model equation possesses traveling wave (TW) solutions with compact support (compactons) manifesting soliton properties. In this paper, we study a higher-order evolutionary PDE obtained by taking into account previously discarded terms of the asymptotic expansion, as well as another PDE (called analogue), differing from the original one in the values of parameters and having compacton solutions expressed in analytical form. Numerical and analytical studies of both the higher-order model and its analogue allow to conclude that both models have compacton solutions exhibiting some properties of “true” solitons. This, in turn, testifies the stability of the previously used model with respect to the inclusion of the discarded terms of the asymptotic expansion.
Impact of High-Pressure-Turbine Purge Flow on the Evolution of Turbulence in a Turbine Vane Frame
Authors: Hafizovic Asim , Merli Filippo , Krajnc Nicolas , Schien Malte , Peters Andreas , Heitmeir Franz , Göttlich Emil 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This paper describes the measurement and postprocessing of turbulence data. The experiments were carried out in a two-stage, two-spool transonic turbine test rig at the Institute for Thermal Turbomachinery and Machine Dynamics at the Graz University of Technology, which includes relevant purge and turbine rotor tip leakage flows. The test setup consists of a high-pressure turbine (HPT) stage, a turbine vane frame (TVF) with turning struts and splitters, and a counter-rotating low-pressure turbine (LPT) to allow engine realistic measurements. Time-resolved area traverse measurements have been performed for three different operating conditions in three measurement planes downstream of the HPT rotor, which enable the measurement of the turbulence quantities at the TVF inlet and outlet as well as the LPT outlet. The turbulence quantities are evaluated using triaxial- and single hot-film probes by means of Constant-Temperature-Anemometry, and their results were validated with five-hole probe (FHP) measurements. Ensemble- and time-averaging, as well as Fourier transforms, were applied for data reduction. It is shown how the turbulence intensity and integral length scale vary over different purge flowrates (PFR). The acquired measurement data illustrate that the interaction of the ejected purge flow with mean flow enhances the turbulent mixing in the secondary flow structures at the TVF inlet and TVF outlet, respectively. Furthermore, the flow downstream of the LPT rotor is affected by TVF and LPT rotor secondary flow structures, which are identified as high turbulence regions. These regions strongly depend on the purge flowrate. These results acquired under engine realistic rig flow conditions enable a deeper understanding of the relationship between loss and turbulence quantities and will help improve the application of computational fluid dynamics turbulence models to turbomachinery modeling.