bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gum acacia dietary fiber: Significance in immunomodulation, inflammatory diseases, and cancer
Authors: Barkeer Srikanth , Pothuraju Ramesh , Malakar Pushkar , Pimentel Tatiana Colombo , Siddiqui Jawed A. , Nair S. Asha 
Published: January 2024

AbstractGum arabic/acacia (GA), derived from Acacia trees, is a versatile natural product offering a broad spectrum of applications. Its rich content of soluble dietary fibers, coupled with a low caloric profile, renders GA a valuable dietary component associated with numerous health benefits. Furthermore, its fermentation by gut microbiota yields short‐chain fatty acids, renowned for their positive impact on health. Immunomodulation, a crucially regulated mechanism in the body, serves to fend off pathogenic infections by releasing pro‐inflammatory cytokines. However, prolonged synthesis of these cytokines can lead to chronic inflammation, tissue damage, and potentially contribute to the development of autoimmune diseases and cancer. Hence, there is an urgent need to identify plant‐based biomolecules that can effectively reduce inflammation and inhibit inflammation‐induced complications or disorders. In this context, edible biomolecules like GA are gaining prominence for their noteworthy immunomodulatory properties. Therefore, in the present review we have explored the role of GA in immunomodulation, inflammation, and inflammation‐associated metabolic diseases, and cancer.
The role of alternative splicing and splicing factors in diabetes: Current status and future perspectives
Authors: Singha Didhiti , Mondal Meghna , Ghosh Dhruba , Choudhury Debopriya , Chakravarti Bandana , Kar Rajesh Kumar , Malakar Pushkar 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWith glucose being at the center of energy consumption and production, maintaining homeostasis of this simple sugar is of pivotal importance. Loss of glucose homeostasis results in altered blood glucose levels, that are frequently observed in type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity. T2D and obesity share pathophysiological mechanisms and genetic backgrounds. These conditions collectively impact over 500 million individuals worldwide, necessitating a deeper mechanistic understanding for effective therapeutic strategies. Recent studies have highlighted the involvement of abnormal alternative splicing (AS) and changes in splicing factors (SFs) in the development and progression of diabetic conditions, presenting AS and SFs as promising targets for therapy. This review focuses on the deregulation of AS (INSR, TCF7L2, and mTOR) and SF (Sam68) deregulation in diabetic conditions. In addition, we discuss the importance of mTOR signaling in diabetic conditions and its regulation by AS and SFs. Furthermore, we discuss current strategies aimed at targeting AS and SFs. Finally, we discuss research challenges, and unresolved questions in the field, and offer recommendations to enhance our comprehension of the significance of AS and SFs in the context of diabetes and obesity.This article is categorized under:
RNA Processing > Splicing Mechanisms
RNA Processing > Splicing Regulation/Alternative Splicing
RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease
Interrelation Between Cerebrospinal Fluid Pressure, Intracranial Morphology and Venous Hemodynamics Studied by 4D Flow MRI
Authors: Schuchardt Florian F. , Krafft Axel J. , Miguel Telega Lidia , Küchlin Sebastian , Lagrèze Wolf A. , Demerath Theo , Arnold Philipp , Fung Christian , Kraus Luisa M. , Hennemuth Anja , Beck Jürgen , Urbach Horst , Weiller Cornelius , Harloff Andreas 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To quantify the effects of CSF pressure alterations on intracranial venous morphology and hemodynamics in idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) and spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) and assess reversibility when the underlying cause is resolved.

Methods
We prospectively examined venous volume, intracranial venous blood flow and velocity, including optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) as a noninvasive surrogate of CSF pressure changes in 11 patients with IIH, 11 age-matched and sex-matched healthy controls and 9 SIH patients, before and after neurosurgical closure of spinal dural leaks. We applied multiparametric MRI including 4D flow MRI, time-of-flight (TOF) and T2-weighted half-Fourier acquisition single-shot turbo-spin echo (HASTE).

Results
Sinus volume overlapped between groups at baseline but decreased after treatment of intracranial hypotension (p = 0.067) along with a significant increase of ONSD (p = 0.003). Blood flow in the middle and dorsal superior sagittal sinus was remarkably lower in patients with higher CSF pressure (i.e., IIH versus controls and SIH after CSF leak closure) but blood flow velocity was comparable cross-sectionally between groups and longitudinally in SIH.

Conclusion
We were able to demonstrate the interaction of CSF pressure, venous volumetry, venous hemodynamics and ONSD using multiparametric brain MRI. Closure of CSF leaks in SIH patients resulted in symptoms suggestive of increased intracranial pressure and caused a subsequent decrease of intracranial venous volume and of blood flow within the superior sagittal sinus while ONSD increased. In contrast, blood flow parameters from 4D flow MRI did not discriminate IIH, SIH and controls as hemodynamics at baseline overlapped at most vessel cross-sections.
Hypomethylating agent monotherapy in core binding factor acute myeloid leukemia: a French multicentric retrospective study
Authors: Gabellier Ludovic , Peterlin Pierre , Thepot Sylvain , Hicheri Yosr , Paul Franciane , Gallego-Hernanz Maria Pilar , Bertoli Sarah , Turlure Pascal , Pigneux Arnaud , Guieze Romain , Ochmann Marlène , Malfuson Jean-Valère , Cluzeau Thomas , Thomas Xavier , Tavernier Emmanuelle , Jourdan Eric , Bonnet Sarah , Tudesq Jean-Jacques , Raffoux Emmanuel 
Published: January 2024

AbstractVery few data are available about hypomethylating agent (HMA) efficiency in core binding factor acute myeloid leukemias (CBF-AML). Our main objective was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of HMA in the specific subset of CBF-AML. Here, we report the results of a multicenter retrospective French study about efficacy of HMA monotherapy, used frontline or for R/R CBF-AML. Forty-nine patients were included, and received a median of 5 courses of azacitidine (n = 46) or decitabine (n = 3). ORR was 49% for the whole cohort with a median time to response of 112 days. After a median follow-up of 72.3 months, median OS for the total cohort was 10.6 months. In multivariate analysis, hematological relapse of CBF-AML at HMA initiation was significantly associated with a poorer OS (HR: 2.13; 95%CI: 1.04–4.36; p = 0.038). Responders had a significantly improved OS (1-year OS: 75%) compared to non-responders (1-year OS: 15.3%; p < 0.0001). Hematological improvement occurred for respectively 28%, 33% and 48% for patients who were red blood cell or platelet transfusion-dependent, or who experienced grade 3/4 neutropenia at HMA initiation. Adverse events were consistent with the known safety profile of HMA. Our study highlights that HMA is a well-tolerated therapeutic option with moderate clinical activity for R/R CBF-AML and for patients who cannot handle intensive chemotherapy.
Auf dem Weg zu gemeinsamen europäischen Qualitätsstandards: Evaluierung von Studiengängen und Bildungsangeboten in Europäischen Allianzen
Authors: Sishchuk Julia , Palmer Luke William , Liu Jiangxue 
Published: January 2024

AbstractEvaluation of education is one of key tasks for universities, whether as part of approval processes, accreditation, or ongoing assessment. The EURECA-PRO European university alliance is developing new study programmes, courses, and modules which require evaluation procedures for use by all partner universities. Considering the current EU quality assurance standards and the current evaluation procedures in place at partner universities, an analysis for a roadmap to an educational evaluation system has been conducted and from this a EURECA-PRO evaluation framework has been devised. This framework is formed of three cycles, individual course/module, semester, and whole programme and considers input from key stakeholders: programme management, study deans, teachers, and learners.
Leveraging artificial intelligence in neurosurgery—unveiling ChatGPT for neurosurgical discharge summaries and operative reports
Authors: Dubinski Daniel , Won Sae-Yeon , Trnovec Svorad , Behmanesh Bedjan , Baumgarten Peter , Dinc Nazife , Konczalla Juergen , Chan Alvin , Bernstock Joshua D. , Freiman Thomas M. , Gessler Florian 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Chat generative pre-trained transformer (GPT) is a novel large pre-trained natural language processing software that can enable scientific writing amongst a litany of other features. Given this, there is a growing interest in exploring the use of ChatGPT models as a modality to facilitate/assist in the provision of clinical care.

Methods
We investigated the time taken for the composition of neurosurgical discharge summaries and operative reports at a major University hospital. In so doing, we compared currently employed speech recognition software (i.e., SpeaKING) vs novel ChatGPT for three distinct neurosurgical diseases: chronic subdural hematoma, spinal decompression, and craniotomy. Furthermore, factual correctness was analyzed for the abovementioned diseases.

Results
The composition of neurosurgical discharge summaries and operative reports with the assistance of ChatGPT leads to a statistically significant time reduction across all three diseases/report types: p < 0.001 for chronic subdural hematoma, p < 0.001 for decompression of spinal stenosis, and p < 0.001 for craniotomy and tumor resection. However, despite a high degree of factual correctness, the preparation of a surgical report for craniotomy proved to be significantly lower (p = 0.002).

Conclusion
ChatGPT assisted in the writing of discharge summaries and operative reports as evidenced by an impressive reduction in time spent as compared to standard speech recognition software. While promising, the optimal use cases and ethics of AI-generated medical writing remain to be fully elucidated and must be further explored in future studies.
Efficacy and safety of cysto-ventricular catheter implantation for space-occupying cysts arising from glioma and brain metastasis: a retrospective study
Authors: Niedermeyer Sebastian , Terpolilli Nicole A. , Nerlinger Pia , Weller Jonathan , Schmutzer-Sondergeld Michael , Quach Stefanie , Thon Niklas 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Cysto-ventricular catheters (CVC) have emerged as promising treatment option for cystic craniopharyngioma and arachnoid cysts, but their effectiveness in treating cysts originating from glioma or brain metastasis (BM) remains limited. This study aimed to analyze the efficacy of CVC in patients with glioma and BM as well as procedure-associated morbidity.

Methods
This single-center retrospective study included all patients treated with CVC placement for acquired space-occupying cysts deriving from previously treated glioma or BMs between 1/2010 and 12/2021.

Results
A total of 57 patients with a median age of 47 years (IQR 38–63) were identified. Focal neurological deficits were the predominant symptoms in 60% of patients (n = 34), followed by cephalgia in 14% (n = 8), and epileptic seizures in 21.1% (n = 12). Accurate CVC placement was achieved in all but one case requiring revision surgery due to malposition. Three months after CVC implantation, 70% of patients showed symptomatic improvement. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified the development of space-occupying cysts later in the course of the disease (OR 1.014; p = 0.04) and a higher reduction of cyst-volume postoperatively (OR 1.055; p = 0.05) were significant predictors of postoperative symptomatic improvement following CVC placement. Local cyst recurrence was observed in three cases during follow-up MRI after an average time of 5 months (range 3–9 months). Further complications included secondary malresorptive hydrocephalus in three cases and meningeosis neoplastica in one patient.

Conclusions
Stereotactic implantation of CVC is an efficient treatment option for patients suffering from symptomatic space-occupying cysts from BMs or glioma, independently from their CNS WHO grade. However, a vigilant approach is crucial regarding potential complications and treatment failures.
Political and non-political side activities in an agency framework
Authors: Marino Anthony M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis paper studies side activities, including political activities, in the context of a hidden action agency problem. Given increases in the number of employees working from home and increases in managerial political engagement, such activities have become more prevalent. We examine the impact of these activities on the optimal contact, the agent’s welfare, the firm’s profit, and total welfare. For the case of political activities, we study the impact of external negative and positive feedback as the result of these activities on the optimal contract and all equilibrium variables. We ask whether the firm should encourage or discourage these activities.
The Macroeconomic Impact of Global and Country-Specific Climate Risk
Authors: Byrne Joseph P. , Vitenu-Sackey Prince Asare 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis paper examines the impact of climate risk on macroeconomic activity for thirty countries using over a century of panel time series data. The key innovation of our paper is to use a factor stochastic volatility approach to decompose climate change into global and country-specific climate risk and to consider their distinct impact upon macroeconomic activity. To allow for country heterogeneity, we also differentiate the impact of climate risk upon advanced and emerging economies. While the existing literature has focused on country based climate risk shocks, our results suggest idiosyncratic or country-specific climate risk shocks are relatively unimportant. Global climate risk, on the other hand, has a negative and relatively more important impact on macroeconomic activity. In particular, we find that both advanced and emerging countries are adversely impacted by global climate risk shocks.
Discounting the Future: On Climate Change, Ambiguity Aversion and Epstein–Zin Preferences
Authors: Olijslagers Stan , van Wijnbergen Sweder 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe show that ambiguity aversion and deviations from standard expected time separable utility have a major impact on estimates of the willingness to pay to avoid future climate change risk. We propose a relatively standard integrated climate/economy model but add stochastic climate disasters. The model yields closed form solutions up to solving an integral, and therefore does not suffer from the curse of dimensionality of most numerical climate/economy models. We analyze the impact of substitution preferences, risk aversion (known probabilities), and ambiguity aversion (unknown probabilities) on the social cost of carbon. Introducing ambiguity aversion leads to two offsetting effects on the social cost of carbon: a positive direct effect and a negative effect through discounting. Our numerical results show that for reasonable calibrations, the direct effect dominates the discount rate impact, so ambiguity aversion gives substantially higher estimates of the social cost of carbon.
A Cognitive Load Theory Approach to Understanding Expert Scaffolding of Visual Problem-Solving Tasks: A Scoping Review
Authors: van Nooijen Christine C. A. , de Koning Bjorn B. , Bramer Wichor M. , Isahakyan Anna , Asoodar Maryam , Kok Ellen , van Merrienboer Jeroen J. G. , Paas Fred 
Published: January 2024

AbstractVisual problem-solving is an essential skill for professionals in various visual domains. Novices in these domains acquire such skills through interactions with experts (e.g., apprenticeships). Experts guide novice visual problem-solving with scaffolding behaviours. However, there is little consensus about the description and classification of scaffolding behaviours in practice, and to our knowledge, no framework connects scaffolding to underlying cognitive mechanisms. Understanding effective scaffolding is particularly relevant to domain-specific expert-novice research regarding visual problem-solving, where in-person scaffolding by an expert is a primary teaching method. Scaffolding regulates the flow of information within the learner’s working memory, thereby reducing cognitive load. By examining scaffolding research from the perspective of cognitive load theory, we aspire to classify scaffolding behaviours as cognitive behaviours of cueing (which involves attention allocation) and chunking (the practice of grouping information, often in conjunction with prior knowledge), into a cohesive and unified framework. In this scoping review, 6533 articles were considered, from which 18 were included. From these 18 articles, 164 excerpts describing expert-novice interaction were examined and categorised based on cognitive strategy (cueing or chunking) and method of expression (verbal or nonverbal). An inductive category (active or passive) was also identified and coded. Most scaffolding behaviours were categorised as active verbal cueing and active verbal chunking. Qualitative patterns in excerpts were collated into 12 findings. Our framework may help to integrate existing and new scaffolding research, form the basis for future expert-novice interaction research, and provide insights into the fine-grained processes that comprise scaffolded visual problem-solving.
Joint effects of warming and salinization on instream leaf litter decomposition assessed through a microcosm experiment
Authors: García Gabriela , Pérez Javier , Boyero Luz , Alonso Alberto , Tuñon Anyi , Pérez Edgar , Cornejo Aydeé 
Published: January 2024

AbstractStream ecosystem functioning is often impaired by warming and salinization, but the joint effect of both environmental stressors on key processes such as leaf litter decomposition is virtually unknown, particularly in the tropics. We experimentally explored how increased water temperature (26, 29 and 32°C) and salinity (no salt addition, 0.1, 1.0 and 10 g l−1 NaCl added) affected the rates of total, microbial and detritivore-mediated decomposition, in stream microcosms containing leaf litter of Ficus insipida and larvae of Chironomus sp. collected from tropical streams. Effects of temperature were strong and consistent with previous findings: it promoted microbial decomposition and reduced decomposition mediated by detritivores, which showed greater feeding activity at 26°C. Salinity was negatively correlated with microbial decomposition at 32°C; it also had a negative influence on detritivore-mediated decomposition, which was nevertheless non-significant due to the high detritivore mortality at higher salinities. Notably, total decomposition was reduced with the joint presence of both factors (32°C and salt addition treatments, compared to 26°C and no salt addition), indicating the existence of additive effects and highlighting the relevance of multiple-stressor contexts when assessing the consequences of global change on stream ecosystems.
Practitioner Adherence and Competence in MEYA, a Free Online Self-Instruction Program in Modular Psychotherapy and Counseling for Children’s Autism-Related Clinical Needs
Authors: Wood Jeffrey J. , Wood Karen S. , Rosenau Kashia A. , Cho An Chuen , Johnson Amanda R. , Muscatello Virginia S. , Tien Ingrid S. , Straus Jolie , Wolpe Samara , Zeldin Ari , Kazlauskas Kristofer , McLeod Bryce D. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The quality of care in public schools and other community settings for school-aged youths on the autism spectrum is variable and often not evidence-based. Training practitioners in these settings to deliver evidence-based practices (EBPs) may improve the quality of care. We developed a free internet-based training and clinical guidance system synthesizing multiple EBPs for youth on the autism spectrum addressing a range of mental health needs and autism-related behaviors, entitled Modular EBPs for Youth on the Autism Spectrum (MEYA; meya.ucla.edu). A multiple baseline study was conducted with seven practitioners recruited from mental health practice settings across the United States who were providing services to children on the autism spectrum (aged 6 to 17 years). Practitioners were randomly assigned to undergo baseline conditions of 2 to 8 weeks. Once online training in MEYA commenced, practitioners engaged in algorithm-guided self-instruction in EBPs for autism. Participants video-recorded sessions. Independent coders used the MEYA Fidelity Scale (MEYA-FS) to rate adherence and competence in EBPs for autism. Practitioners also completed measures pertaining to implementation outcomes and parents rated youth outcomes on personalized target behaviors. Five of seven practitioners increased their adherence to MEYA practices (i.e., MEYA-FS scores) following MEYA training. Findings for competence were similar, though somewhat less robust. Practitioners generally viewed MEYA as feasible, understandable, and acceptable. Most youth outcomes improved during MEYA. A randomized, controlled trial of MEYA would be helpful in characterizing its effectiveness for supporting practitioner EBP implementation and youth outcomes in school and community service settings.
Pulsed field ablation and cryoballoon ablation for pulmonary vein isolation: insights on efficacy, safety and cardiac function
Authors: Rattka Manuel , Mavrakis Evangelos , Vlachopoulou Dimitra , Rudolph Isabel , Kohn Christina , Bohnen Jan , Yahsaly Loubna , Siebermair Johannes , Wakili Reza , Jungen Christiane , Rassaf Tienush , Mathew Shibu 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) has become the cornerstone treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF). While in cryoablation cell damage is caused by thermal effects, lately, pulsed field ablation (PFA) has been established as a novel non-thermal tissue-specific ablation modality for PVI. However, data comparing outcomes of patients undergoing either PFA or cryoballoon ablation (CBA) for primary PVI are sparse.

Methods
Consecutive patients with AF undergoing PVI by either CBA or PFA were included in the analysis. The primary outcome was the time to AF/AT recurrence. For secondary outcomes, clinical and periprocedural parameters were compared.

Results
In total, outcomes of 141 AF patients treated by PFA (94 patients) or CBA (47 patients) were compared. After 365 days, 70% of patients in the PFA group and 61% of patients in the CBA group were free from AF/AT (HR 1.35, 95% CI 0.60–3.00; p = 0.470). No deaths occurred. While symptoms alleviated in both groups, only after PFA, we observed significant improvement of left atrial volume index (PFA group baseline: 40 [31;62] ml/m2, PFA group follow-up: 35 [29;49] ml/m2; p = 0.015), NT-pro BNP levels (PFA group baseline: 1106 ± 2479 pg/ml, PFA group follow-up: 1033 ± 1742 pg/ml; p = 0.048), and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (PFA group baseline: 55 [48;60] %, PFA group follow-up: 58 [54;63] %; p = 0.006). PVI by PFA was the only independent predictor of LVEF improvement.

Conclusion
In our study, we show that CBA and PFA for PVI are of similar efficacy when it comes to AF recurrence. However, our findings suggest that PFA rather than CBA might induce left atrial reverse remodeling thereby contributing to left ventricular systolic function.