bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fracture characteristics of vinylester resin under impact fatigue
Authors: Ray Dipa , Sarkar B. K. , Bose N. R. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe impact fatigue behavior of a vinylester resin was studied with a pendulum‐type repeated‐impact tester especially designed and fabricated for the determination of single‐impact and repeated‐impact strengths. A well‐defined energy–endurance impact fatigue curve was obtained with a progressive endurance at values of the impact energy below the critical value, with the endurance limit set at an energy level of 31 N mm, 17.4% of the single‐impact energy. The nature of the crack propagation was investigated for a single impact as well as high, medium, and low impact energy levels with progressively longer endurance. The fracture characteristics varied with the impact energy imparted and the number of cycles endured. The rate of lip growth was high at the higher impact energy levels with a lower number of endurance cycles and low at the lower impact energy levels with longer endurance; the repeated impacts created large and small compressive zones through the bending of specimens with the development of long and short lips, respectively. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 1995–2001, 2002
Recycling of dry and wet polyamide 6
Authors: La Mantia F. P. , Curto D. , Scaffaro R. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractRecycling of polycondensation polymers can give rise to secondary materials with good mechanical properties only if a careful drying is carried out before the melt reprocessing operations. The presence of humidity provokes the hydrolytic chain scission of the macromolecules and the consequent decrease of molecular weight and properties. In this work, the drying step was substituted by the addition of an antioxidant that is able to protect the macromolecules because it is the autioxidant is more prone to hydrolysis, thus removing the water from the melt. The mechanical properties of polyamide 6 reprocessed more times in wet conditions and in the presence of this stabilizer are even better than those obtained reprocessing the dry polyamide. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 1899–1903, 2002
Carbon black containing IPNs based on unsaturated polyester/epoxy. I. Dynamic mechanical properties, thermal analysis, and morphology
Authors: Shih Yeng‐Fong , Jeng Ru‐Jong 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA series of carbon black containing interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) based on unsaturated polyester/epoxy (weight ratios 10/90, 20/80, 30/70) were developed. Scanning electronic microscopy exhibits that the compatibility was decreased and the morphology seemed to become less rigid as the content of unsaturated polyester increased in IPNs. The results also indicate that flame retardants were uniformly distributed in the IPN matrices. It is found that the heat resistance, damping, and mechanical properties were all improved simultaneously by adding the plate‐shaped carbon black flame retardants to the unsaturated polyester/epoxy IPNs. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 1904–1910, 2002
Synthesis, properties, and comparative analyses on the chain flexibility of an ultrastable vinyl polyperoxide
Authors: Nanda A. K. , Kishore K. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe most stable vinyl polyperoxide, namely, poly(indene peroxide) (PINDP), an alternating copolymer of indene and oxygen, was synthesized by the oxidative polymerization of indene. It was characterized by 1H‐NMR and 13C‐NMR, Fourier transform infrared, differential scanning calorimetry, direct pyrolysis mass spectrometry, and gas chromatography mass spectrometry studies. The overall activation energy for the degradation and the glass‐transition temperature of PINDP were 47 kcal/mol and 327 K respectively, which were very high compared to those of other vinyl polyperoxides. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 2108–2114, 2002
Age‐based warranty data analysis without date‐specific sales information
Authors: Wang Lianhua , Suzuki Kazuyuki , Yamamoto Wataru 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAge‐based analysis of warranty claim data forms the basis for the estimation, prediction, and comparison of claims across different product groups or across time. The age of a product means the elapsed calendar time since the product was sold or entered service. In this article, we develop a method to deal with situations when the information on date‐specific sales amounts is not available but the total sales quantity can be determined from other sources. Date‐specific sales amounts, i.e. the number of products sold on different dates, are difficult to determine for many products from many wholesalers and retailers around the world. We consider the problem of maximum likelihood estimation of the expected number of claims for repairable items based on a non‐homogeneous Poisson process model, and of the probability of a claim for non‐repairable items based on a multinomial model. These estimators derived for the above two cases are in a closed‐form expression and are the same. We carry out numerical simulation to evaluate the effectiveness of these proposed estimators by comparing them with those obtained under the assumption that date‐specific sales amounts are available. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effectiveness of neural networks to regression with structural changes
Authors: Asano Miyoko , Tsubaki Hiroe , Yoshizawa Tadashi 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis paper reports simple numerical experiments of the application of multi‐layered and feed‐forward neural networks to regression with change points to clarify one of the effectiveness of the neural network model compared with non‐parametric regression methods based on scatter plot smoothing. We also show an illustrative example, which successfully draws too rapid growth of GDP in Japan at the bubble economy around 1990 by interpreting decomposition of regression function suggested by the optimal neural networks fitting. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Peripheral blood stem cell support reduces the toxicity of intensive chemotherapy for children and adolescents with metastatic sarcomas
Authors: Hawkins Douglas S. , Felgenhauer Judy , Park Julie , Kreissman Susan , Thomson Blythe , Douglas James , Rowley Scott D. , Gooley Ted , Sanders Jean E. , Pendergrass Thomas W. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDTo increase the dose intensity (DI) of chemotherapy for pediatric patients with metastatic sarcomas, including the Ewing sarcoma family of tumors (ESFT) and rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), the authors tested the feasibility of an intensive regimen supported by granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor (G‐CSF) and peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC).METHODSTwenty‐three children and adolescents with metastatic sarcomas received vincristine, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, sodium mercaptoethanesulfonate (mensa), and etoposide (VACIME) chemotherapy, consisting of 8 courses of vincristine 2 mg/m2 on Day 0, doxorubicin 37.5 mg/m2 per day on Days 0–1, cyclophosphamide 360 mg/m2 per day on Days 0–4, ifosfamide 1800 mg/m2 per day on Days 0–4, mesna 2400 mg/m2 per day, and etoposide 100 mg/m2 per day on Days 0–4. Doxorubicin was omitted in Courses 7 and 8. G‐CSF was given after each course of therapy. Courses of therapy were repeated every 21 days or as soon as hematopoietic recovery permitted. PBSC were collected twice: first, after Course 2 (infused after Courses 3 and 4) and, second, after Course 4 (infused after Courses 5 and 6). Surgical resection followed Course 6, and radiotherapy followed Course 8.RESULTSPBSC collections were adequate in 91% of all harvests. The mean DI was 82% (standard deviation, 14%) of the intended DI, which was greater than historic data without PBSC support. Seventeen patients (74%) achieved a complete response (CR), 12 patients with chemotherapy alone and 5 more patients after undergoing surgical resection. Fifteen patients developed progressive disease, with a 2‐year event free survival (EFS) rate of 39% (95% confidence interval, 19–59%). Hematopoietic toxicity was severe and cumulative, although it was less than that seen previously without PBSC support.CONCLUSIONSPBSC‐supported multicycle chemotherapy is a feasible method to increase chemotherapy DI for pediatric patients with metastatic sarcomas. Although the CR rate compared favorably with previously reported response rates, the 2‐year EFS rate was similar to that achieved with other intensive regimens. Cancer 2002;95:1354–65. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10801
Expression of EphB receptors and EphrinB ligands in the developing chick auditory brainstem
Authors: Cramer Karina S. , Karam Sana D. , Bothwell Mark , Cerretti Douglas Pat , Pasquale Elena B. , Rubel Edwin W 
Published: October 2002

AbstractNucleus magnocellularis (NM) in the avian auditory brainstem receives auditory input from nerve the VIIIth and projects bilaterally to nucleus laminaris (NL). This projection preserves binaural segregation in that ipsilateral NM projects to dorsal dendrites of NL and contralateral NM projects to ventral dendrites of NL. We have begun to examine the molecular signals that influence segregation of inputs onto discrete regions of NL cells. We previously showed that the Eph receptor, EphA4, is expressed selectively in the dorsal NL neuropil from embryonic day (E) 9 to E11, when NM axons grow into the NL neuropil. This asymmetric distribution suggests that EphA4 acts as a guidance molecule during binaural segregation. We report here on the developmental changes in the expression of two other Eph receptors, EphB2 and EphB5, and two ligands, ephrin‐B1 and ephrin‐B2, in the chick auditory brainstem. These proteins are expressed in the auditory nuclei during the maturation of the NM–NL projection. EphB2, EphB5, and ephrin‐B1 are expressed in dorsal and ventral NL neuropil and at the midline of the brainstem at E10–E12. At this age, ephrin‐B2, a ligand for EphB receptors and for EphA4, is expressed in NL cell bodies and NM–NL axons. The expression of these proteins diminishs in the posthatch ages examined. These results suggest that several members of the Eph family are involved in maturation of the nuclei and their projections. Moreover, ephrin‐B2 in growing axons may interact with the asymmetrically expressed EphA4 during the establishment of binaural segregation. J. Comp. Neurol. 452:51–64, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Therapeutic strategies of Alzheimer's disease through manipulation of Aβ metabolism: a focus on Aβ‐degrading peptidase, neprilysin
Authors: Fukami Shinjiro , Iwata Nobuhisa , Saido Takaomi C. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractDeposition of amyloid‐β peptide (Aβ), a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD), locates upstream of the AD cascade. Aβ is constantly anabolized and catabolized in the brain, and the steady‐state Aβ level is physiologically determined by the metabolic balance between the anabolic and catabolic activities. Even subtle alterations in this metabolic balance over a long period of time could turn Aβ into a pathogenic agent that influences both the pathological progression and incidence of the disease. Therefore, AD may be a consequence of proteolytic disorder. In order to overcome AD, lowering the Aβ levels in the brain is necessary. There are many strategies to address this, such as β‐, γ‐secretase inhibitors or Aβ vaccination. Recently, we demonstrated that neprilysin is the most potent Aβ‐degrading enzyme in vivo and hypothesized that neprilysin deficiency would influence the steady‐state Aβ levels in the brain by alternating the Aβ metabolism. Therefore, to maintain or upregulate neprilysin activity in the brain will be a relevant strategy for prevention and therapy of AD through reduction of the Aβ levels. In this review, we describe several therapeutic strategies for manipulating the Aβ level and our current understanding of Aβ metabolism, focusing on the Aβ‐degrading enzyme, neprilysin. Drug Dev. Res. 56:171–183, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development and evaluation of a health‐related quality of life questionnaire for the elderly with dementia in Japan
Authors: Terada Seishi , Ishizu Hideki , Fujisawa Yoshikatsu , Fujita Daisuke , Yokota Osamu , Nakashima Hanae , Haraguchi Takashi , Ishihara Takeshi , Yamamoto Shin , Sasaki Ken , Nakashima Yoshihiko , Kuroda Shigetoshi 
Published: October 2002

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this study was the development of the quality of life (QOL) questionnaire for dementia (QOL‐D) in Japan.MethodsWe performed a questionnaire survey of QOL assessment in elderly patients with dementia in Japan, and developed QOL‐D.ResultsThe final version consists of only 31 items grouped into six response sets, each with its own scale. Reliability is good to excellent, and validity is, to some extent, established. The six domains of health‐related QOL are divided into two groups. One is the positive and the other is the negative aspects of health‐related QOL. The positive aspects have been shown to correlate positively with cognitive function and activities of daily living (ADL) score, whereas the negative aspects have not. The concept of QOL for elderly patients with dementia in Japan is similar to that in Western countries.ConclusionWe demonstrated that QOL‐D is a reliable and valid instrument for QOL assessment in elderly patients with dementia in Japan. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In vitro evaluation of phosphonylated low‐density polyethylene for vascular applications
Authors: Caldwell Rebecca A. , Woodell Jennifer E. , Ho Sunita Pullela , Shalaby Shalaby W. , Boland Thomas , Langan Eugene M. , Laberge Martine 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe use of catheters for vascular applications is often complicated by the development of friction between the catheter material and the vessel wall, which leads to endothelial cell removal and intimal lesions. Phosphonylation, a chemical surface treatment, has been proposed as a means of increasing the hydrophilicity of low‐density polyethylene (LDPE), a commonly used catheter material, in efforts to impart lubricity to the material and reduce vascular tissue damage. In an in vitro tribological study, phosphonylated LDPE produced a lower coefficient of friction and allowed greater retention of endothelial cells on vessels as compared to untreated LDPE when the materials were reciprocated against normal porcine aorta. Chemical characterizations of the LDPE before and after friction testing involving Fourier transform infrared and energy‐dispersive X‐ray (EDX) confirmed the phosphorus content on phosphonylated LDPE. Election spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) and atomic force micrscope (AFM) analyses verified that proteins initially adsorb to both the phosphonylated and untreated LDPE surfaces and that the proteins interfere with water to lubricate the surfaces. However, with repeated friction, proteins are removed from the surface and hydrophilicity, as imparted by phosphonylation, becomes a principal factor in the lubrication process. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 62: 514–524, 2002
Intracellular signaling involved in macrophage adhesion and FBGC formation as mediated by ligand–substrate interaction
Authors: Kao Weiyuan John , Liu Yiping 
Published: October 2002

AbstractFibronectin and RGD‐ and/or PHSRN‐containing oligopeptides were preadsorbed onto physicochemically distinct substrata: polyethyleneglycol‐based networks or tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS). The role of selected signaling kinases (namely protein tyrosine kinases, protein serine/threonine kinases, PI3‐kinase, Src, and MAPK) in the adhesion of human primary blood‐derived macrophages and the formation of foreign‐body giant cells (FBGC) on these modified substrata was investigated. The involvement of individual intracellular signaling molecules in mediating macrophage adhesion dynamically varied with the culture time, substrate, and ligand. For example, fibronectin on TCPS or networks involved similar signaling events for macrophage adhesion; however, fibronectin and G3RGDG6PHSRNG, but not peptides with other RGD and/or PHSRN orientations, mediated similar signaling events for macrophage adhesion on TCPS but mediated different signaling events on networks. Depending on the substrate, a specific molecule (i.e., Src, protein kinase C) within the protein tyrosine kinase or protein serine/threonine kinase family was either an antagonist or agonist in mediating FBGC formation. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 62: 478–487, 2002
Genetic training of network using chaos concept: Application to QSAR studies of vibration modes of tetrahedral halides
Authors: Lu Qingzhang , Shen Guoli , Yu Ruqin 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe chaotic dynamical system is introduced ingenetic algorithm to train ANN to formulate the CGANN algorithm. Logistic mapping as one of the most important chaotic dynamic mappings provides each new generation a high chance to hold GA's population diversity. This enhances the ability to overcome overfitting in training an ANN. The proposed CGANN has been used for QSAR studies to predict the tetrahedral modes (ν1(A1) and ν2(E)) of halides [MX4]ε. The frequencies predicted by QSAR were compared with those calculated by quantum chemistry methods including PM3, AM1, and MNDO/d. The possibility of improving the predictive ability of QSAR by including quantum chemistry parameters as feature variables has been investigated using tetrahedral tetrahalide examples. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 14: 1357–1365, 2002
Lipopolysaccharide administration increases acid and alkaline phosphatase reactivity in the cardiac muscle
Authors: Okada Teruhiko , Zinchuk Vadim S. , Seguchi Harumichi 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration on the in situ distribution of the reaction product of acid phosphatase (AcPase) and alkaline phosphatase (AlPase) activity was examined in the rat cardiac muscle using catalytical cytochemistry. Tissues of the heart were fixed and then incubated in reaction media for detection of AcPase and AlPase reactivity. In normal hearts, reaction product of AcPase activity was observed in lysosomes. AlPase reactivity was detected at the extracellular surface of the capillary endothelilal cells and in their caveolae. Following LPS administration, the number and the size of lysosomes possessing AcPase reactivity as well as their electron density significantly increased. Furthermore, they tended to form groups consisting of three to five lysosomes. Cytochemical reaction 2 and 24 hours after injection was similar. One week later, the reaction returned to its normal pattern. As in the case with AcPase, the first changes of the distribution of the reaction product of AlPase activity were detected 2 hours after injection. The changes included a remarkable increase of the number of enzymatically positive capillaries, intensified cytochemical reaction in endothelial cells, and an increased number of caveolae. Again, no noticeable differences in reactivity were observed 2 and 24 hours after injection and the reaction returned to normal one week later. Collectively, our data indicate that both cardiac AcPase and AlPase are affected early after injection of LPS. Although the pattern of cytochemical reaction of both phosphatases was restored one week later, it is believed that the altered distribution of their reactivity in early periods after LPS administration may be a factor contributing to the development of pathological changes in this organ at a later stage. Microsc. Res. Tech. 58:421–426, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Detection of human papillomavirus in esophageal carcinoma
Authors: Shen Zhong‐Ying , Hu Sheng‐Ping , Lu Li‐Chun , Tang Chun‐Zhi , Kuang Zhong‐Sheng , Zhong Shu‐Ping , Zeng Yi 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in the esophagus in the coastal region of Eastern Guangdong, Southern China, an area with a high incidence of esophageal carcinoma. Fresh surgical resection esophageal specimens were obtained from 176 esophageal carcinoma patients admitted to the Tumor Hospital of Shantou University Medical College. The samples were subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect HPV infection using consensus and type‐specific primers for HPV type 6, 11, 16, and 18. The incidence rate was 65.5%, 69.1%, and 60% in tissues of cancerous, paracancerous and normal mucosa, respectively. Further analysis of the distribution of HPV types in the three sections of tissues showed that the high‐risk HPV types 16 and 18 were found mainly in the cancer cells (43.2%), whereas the low‐risk HPV types 6 and 11 were seen mainly in the normal mucosa (52.3%). The total infection rate of the high‐risk HPV types 16 and HPV 18 was the highest in cancerous tissues (54.5%), followed by paracancerous tissues (19.5%), and the lowest in normal mucosa (11.7%). There was high incidence of HPV infection in the esophageal epithelium in Eastern Guangdong, Southern China, where esophageal carcinoma is prevalent. HPV was seen in the normal, paracancerous and cancerous tissues, with the high‐risk HPV type 16 and 18 more common in cancerous tissues. The results indicate that the high incidence of esophageal carcinoma in this area is associated with HPV infection. J. Med. Virol. 68:412–416, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Airflow through the auxiliary line of the laser fiber prevents ignition of intra‐airway fire during endoscopic laser surgery
Authors: Takanashi Shingo , Hasegawa Yukihiro , Ito Akihiko , Sato Masami , Kaji Kunihide , Okumura Ken 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesIgnition accidents during bronchoscopic laser irradiation have occasionally been reported, but the mechanisms responsible for the ignition accidents are not fully understood. We examined causative factors including ignition site, oxygen concentration, and role of airflow through the laser fiber.Study Design/Materials and MethodsPorcine muscle tissue was placed in a bottle and irradiated by laser under various conditions. Also, a piece of porcine muscle was wedged in a main bronchus of the isolated porcine lungs and irradiated by laser in the same way.ResultsFlashing occurred on the tissue exposed to the laser, and this flashing reached the ignition when the oxygen concentration was above 30%. Increasing airflow through the laser fiber prevented the ignition even at an oxygen concentration at 100%.ConclusionsIn laser irradiation, the tissue exposed to the laser can be the ignition site of fire. Increasing airflow through the laser fiber was an effective technique to prevent airway fire. Lasers Surg. Med. 31:211–215, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pediatric liver tumors and hepatic ontogenesis: Common and distinctive pathways
Authors: Zimmermann Arthur 
Published: October 2002

AbstractSeveral types of pediatric liver tumors exhibit structural features apparently reflecting processes which normally occur during hepatic ontogenesis: some hepatoblastomas mimic distinct phases of hepatogenesis, including the formation of mesenchymal structures closely associated with immature epithelia, and there are tumors almost exclusively consisting of complex mesenchymal patterns. Current classifications of hepatoblastomas refer to the identification of more or less mature (differentiated) single or mixed components seen in histologic preparations. These do not, however, attempt to integrate ontogenic pathways, in contrast for example, to nephroblastoma and associated lesions, where such a view has proved to be highly fruitful. Based on the fact that an enormous amount of knowledge has recently been accumulated regarding hepatic ontogensis, time may have come to look at these tumors with a new eye. In what follows, we aim at trying to analyze distinct features of pediatric hepatic tumors (except vascular tumors) within the background of ontogenesis. Some key steps of hepatogenesis and the regulatory factors involved may, in the future, deliver an armamentarium to search for novel molecular mechnisms involved in tumorigenic pathways. Med Pediatr Oncol 2002;39:492–503. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.