bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression of androgen receptor mRNA in the brain of Gekko gecko: Implications for understanding the role of androgens in controlling auditory and vocal processes
Authors: Tang Ye‐Zhong , Piao Yun‐Shang , Zhuang Lin‐Zhi , Wang Zu‐Wang 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe neuroanatomical distribution of androgen receptor (AR) mRNA‐containing cells in the brain of a vocal lizard, Gekko gecko, was mapped using in situ hybridization. Particular attention was given to auditory and vocal nuclei. Within the auditory system, the cochlear nuclei, the central nucleus of the torus semicircularis, the nucleus medialis, and the medial region of the dorsal ventricular ridge contained moderate numbers of labeled neurons. Neurons labeled with the AR probe were located in many nuclei related to vocalization. Within the hindbrain, the mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal nerve, the vagal part of the nucleus ambiguus, and the dosal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve contained many neurons that exhibited strong expression of AR mRNA. Neurons located in the peripheral nucleus of the torus in the mesencephalon exhibited moderate levels of hybridization. Intense AR mRNA expression was also observed in neurons within two other areas that may be involved in vocalization, the medial preoptic area and the hypoglossal nucleus. The strongest mRNA signals identified in this study were found in cells of the pallium, hypothalamus, and inferior nucleus of the raphe. The expression patterns of AR mRNA in the auditory and vocal control nuclei of G. gecko suggest that neurons involved in acoustic communication in this species, and perhaps related species, are susceptible to regulation by androgens during the breeding season. The significance of these results for understanding the evolution of reptilian vocal communication is discussed. J. Comp. Neurol. 438:136–147, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anatomic relationships between aromatase and androgen receptor mRNA expression in the hypothalamus and amygdala of adult male cynomolgus monkeys
Authors: Roselli Charles E. , Klosterman Scott , Resko John A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis study mapped the regional locations of cells expressing cytochrome P450 aromatase (P450AROM) and androgen receptor (AR) mRNAs in the adult male macaque hypothalamus and amygdala by in situ hybridization histochemistry using monkey‐specific cRNA probes. High densities of P450AROM and AR mRNA‐containing neurons were observed in discrete hypothalamic areas involved in the regulation of gonadotropin secretion and reproductive behavior. P450AROM mRNA‐containing neurons were most abundant in the medial preoptic nucleus, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, and anterior hypothalamic area, whereas AR mRNA‐containing neurons were most numerous in the ventromedial nucleus, arcuate nucleus, and tuberomamillary nucleus. Moderate to heavily labeled P450AROM mRNA‐containing cells were present in the cortical and medial amygdaloid nuclei, which are known to have strong reciprocal inputs with the hypothalamus. Heavily labeled P450AROM mRNA‐containing cells were found in the accessory basal amygdala nucleus, which projects to the cingulate cortex and hippocampus, areas that are important in the expression of emotional behaviors and memory processing. In contrast to P450AROM, the highest density of AR mRNA labeling in the temporal lobe was associated with the cortical amygdaloid nucleus and the pyramidal cells of the hippocampus. All areas that contained P450AROM mRNA‐expressing cells also contained AR mRNA‐expressing cells, but there were areas in which AR mRNA was expressed but not P450AROM mRNA. The apparent relative differences in the expression of P450AROM and AR mRNA‐containing neurons within the monkey brain suggests that T acts through different signaling pathways in specific brain areas or within different cells from the same region. J. Comp. Neurol. 439:208–223, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification of evolutionary sequential systems—part 1: unified approach
Authors: Baron Claude , Geffroy Jean‐Claude , Zamilpa César 
Published: August 2002

AbstractLogical identification covers a wide range of applications dealing with constrained transformation processes between internal and external models of sequential systems. In this paper, we consider the differential identification approach whose purpose is to measure the influence of minor modifications of the internal or external models of an existing system. This class of identification is dedicated to sensitivity analysis: learning, redesign, diagnosis, etc. Thus, it reveals all its interest for the study of systems which have to adapt themselves to an evolving environment. This paper presents an overall view of the different differential identification approaches and their corresponding applications. We will propose a new resolution technique based on genetic simulation. In a second paper, we will focus on some experiments performed with a genetic identification tool. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stabilized space‐time finite element formulations for free‐surface flows
Authors: Behr Marek 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAspects of a method for 3D finite element computation of unsteady, incompressible free‐surface flow are presented. The approach is based on the deformable‐spatial‐domain/stabilized space‐time (DSD/SST) finite element formulation, which takes automatically into account the deformation of the elements in response to the motion of the free surface. The free‐surface elevation is governed by a kinematic free‐surface condition, which is also solved with a stabilized formulation. A new governing equation and stabilized formulation is derived for cases where the channel walls are not vertical. The parallel implementation based on MPI message‐passing standard is fully portable, and have been demonstrated to be scalable on a range of architectures. A 3D computation of a flow past a spillway of a dam is shown as an example application. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Graph‐based data structures for skeleton‐based refinement algorithms
Authors: Suárez J. P. , Carey G. F. , Plaza A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this paper, we discuss a class of adaptive refinement algorithms for generating unstructured meshes in two and three dimensions. We focus on skeleton‐based refinement (SBR) algorithms as proposed by Plaza and Carey (Appl. Numer. Math. 2000; 32:195) and provide an extension that involves the introduction of the graph of the skeleton for meshes consisting of simplex cells. By the use of data structures derived from the graph of the skeleton, we reformulate the SBR scheme and devise a more natural and consistent approach for this class of adaptive refinement algorithms. As an illustrative case, we discuss in detail the graphs for 2D refinement of triangulations and for 3D we propose a corresponding new face‐based data structure for tetrahedra. Experiments using the 2D algorithm and exploring the properties of the associated graph are provided. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A preliminary study on the performance of stabilized finite element CFD methods on triangular, quadrilateral and mixed unstructured meshes
Authors: Lyra Paulo R. M. , Almeida Regina C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn the case of viscous flows and flows with mixed important viscous‐inviscid effects, non‐smooth solutions require graded meshes with highly stretched elements, which might compromise the solution. In the present work, some numerical experiments using different classes of meshes of linear isoparametric elements are performed to analyse/compare the performance of an adaptive finite element CAU method (consistent approximate upwind method), driven by an anisotropic error estimator. An integrated computational system for automatic bidimensional mesh generation which is flexible for generating consistent anisotropic triangular, quadrilateral or mixed meshes over arbitrary domains is used. The results demonstrate the advantage of using a flexible mesh generator that incorporates facilities for controlling the quality, gradation and directional stretching of the elements. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Java access protection through typing
Authors: Rose Eva , Rose Kristoffer Høgsbro 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe propose an integration of field access rights into the Java type system such that those access permission checks which are now performed dynamically (at run time), can instead be done statically, i.e. checked by the Java compiler and rechecked (at link time) by the bytecode verifier. We explain how this can be extended to remove all dynamic checks of field read access rights, completely eliminating the overhead of get methods for reading the value of a field. Improvements include using fast static lookup instead of dynamic dispatch for field access (without requiring a sophisticated inlining analysis), the space required by get methods is avoided, and denial‐of‐service attacks on field access is prevented. We sketch a formalization of adding field access to the bytecode verifier which will make it possible to prove that the change is safe and backwards compatible. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A callgraph‐based search strategy for automated performance diagnosis
Authors: Cain Harold W. , Miller Barton P. , Wylie Brian J. N. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe introduce a new technique for automated performance diagnosis, using the program's callgraph. We discuss our implementation of this diagnosis technique in the Paradyn Performance Consultant. Our implementation includes the new search strategy and new dynamic instrumentation to resolve pointer‐based dynamic call sites at run‐time. We compare the effectiveness of our new technique to the previous version of the Performance Consultant for several sequential and parallel applications. Our results show that the new search method performs its search while inserting dramatically less instrumentation into the application, resulting in reduced application perturbation and consequently a higher degree of diagnosis accuracy. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Consistency management in object‐oriented databases
Authors: Oakasha H. , Conrad S. , Saake G. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe paper presents concepts and ideas underlying an approach for consistency management in object‐oriented (OO) databases. In this approach constraints are considered as first class citizens and stored in a meta‐database called constraints catalog. When an object is created constraints of this object are retrieved from the constraints catalog and relationships between these constraints and the object are established. The structure of constraints has several features that enhance consistency management in OO database management systems which do not exist in conventional approaches in a satisfactory way. This includes: monitoring object consistency at different levels of update granularity, integrity independence, and efficiency of constraints maintenance; controlling inconsistent objects; enabling and disabling constraints, globally to all objects or locally to individual objects; and declaring constraints on individual objects. All these features are provided by means of basic notations of OO data models. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The CCA core specification in a distributed memory SPMD framework
Authors: Allan Benjamin A. , Armstrong Robert C. , Wolfe Alicia P. , Ray Jaideep , Bernholdt David E. , Kohl James A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe present an overview of the Common Component Architecture (CCA) core specification and CCAFFEINE, a Sandia National Laboratories framework implementation compliant with the draft specification. CCAFFEINE stands for CCA Fast Framework Example In Need of Everything; that is, CCAFFEINE is fast, lightweight, and it aims to provide every framework service by using external, portable components instead of integrating all services into a single, heavy framework core. By fast, we mean that the CCAFFEINE glue does not get between components in a way that slows down their interactions. We present the CCAFFEINE solutions to several fundamental problems in the application of component software approaches to the construction of single program multiple data (SPMD) applications. We demonstrate the integration of components from three organizations, two within Sandia and one at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. We outline some requirements for key enabling facilities needed for a successful component approach to SPMD application building. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A high‐performance CMOS CCII
Authors: Palumbo G. , Pennisi S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA CMOS second generation Current Conveyor (CCII) is presented which is based on a novel voltage follower with a symmetric two‐gain‐stage topology. Simulations on a 0.8 μm design employing a 3.3 V power supply show a 0.03 per cent low‐frequency voltage gain error, a THD better than −70 dB for a 1 Vp−p 100 kHz input signal, and reduced offset. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of a universal template for single‐platform absolute T‐lymphocyte subset enumeration
Authors: Bergeron Michèle , Faucher Sylvie , Ding Tao , Phaneuf Sieglinde , Mandy Francis 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe single‐platform absolute T‐lymphocyte subset analysis was evaluated utilizing a universal protocol in a Canadian multicenter study with the collaboration of the members of the Canadian HIV Trials Network (CTN). Participants used flow cytometers and reagents of their choice for labeling and lysing whole blood. Over a 2‐year period, CTN laboratories performed single‐platform absolute T‐lymphocyte subset enumerations on fresh and commercial stabilized blood products using commercially available microfluorospheres TruCount and Flow‐Count. This multicenter evaluation demonstrated that the application of a universal template for single‐platform analysis provides a generic approach that embraces a wide array of immunophenotyping settings available in clinical laboratory. Cytometry (Clin. Cytometry) 50:62–68, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quality control of CD4+ T‐lymphocyte enumeration: Results from the last 9 years of the United Kingdom national external quality assessment scheme for immune monitoring (1993–2001)
Authors: Whitby Liam , Granger Viv , Storie Ian , Goodfellow Karen , Sawle Alex , Reilly John T. , Barnett David 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) global epidemic has necessitated the routine enumeration of T‐lymphocyte subsets, which has created a need for external quality assurance (EQA). The United Kingdom National External Quality Assessment Scheme (UK NEQAS) for Immune Monitoring provides EQA for 296 laboratories in 40 countries. In 1993, UK NEQAS developed and incorporated into its program stabilized whole blood that enables the accurate monitoring of laboratory performance. Overall, the mean interlaboratory coefficient of variation (CV) for percentage CD4+ T‐lymphocyte subset enumeration has fallen from 15% to less than 5%, as a direct result of the increased use of CD45/ side scatter (SSC) gating. Laboratories using alternative gating strategies (i.e., CD45/CD14 or forward scatter [FSC]/SSC) were about 7.4 times more likely to fail an EQA exercise. Furthermore, the adoption of single‐platform technology resulted in a reduction of the overall mean interlaboratory CV for absolute CD4+ T lymphocytes from 56% (prior to the widespread use of single‐platform technology) to 9.7%. Individual laboratory deficiencies were also identified using a performance monitoring system and, through re‐education by collaboration with the coordinating center, satisfactorily resolved. In conclusion, during the last 9 years, the UK NEQAS for Immune Monitoring program has highlighted the significant technological advances made by laboratories worldwide that undertake lymphocyte subset enumeration. Cytometry (Clin. Cytometry) 50:102–110, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Performance evaluation of a new MAC protocol for WDM metropolitan access ring networks
Authors: Jelger Christophe S. , Elmirghani Jaafar M. H. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis article considers a WDM slotted‐ring network architecture. A slotted MAC protocol was designed to be used in a metropolitan environment. The results of a discrete event simulation are presented. Assuming that a maximum load threshold is not exceeded, fairness between access nodes is achieved by introducing a very simple mechanism. Excellent queuing delay and packet dropping probability results are obtained. Future developments are presented as they are expected to improve the efficiency and introduce QoS capabilities and congestion avoidance mechanisms. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adaptive protocols for optical LANs with bursty and correlated traffic
Authors: Papadimitriou G. I. , Obaidat M. S. , Pomportsis A. S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTraffic in gigabit LANs is highly bursty. Furthermore, the destinations of packets transmitted by the same station are highly correlated. An adaptive protocol for WDM passive star networks, which is capable of operating efficiently under bursty and correlated traffic, is introduced. According to the proposed protocol, the stations which are granted permission to transmit at each time slot are selected by taking into account the network feedback information. Although the traffic parameters are unknown and time‐variable, the bandwidth of each wavelength is allocated to the stations according to their needs. In this way, the number of idle slots is reduced, resulting in a significant improvement in the network throughput. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Boon's disease: Hemorrhagic cystitis in conjunction with massive exfoliation of degenerated urothelial cells (apoptosis?) during intercontinental flights in an otherwise healthy person
Authors: Kok Lambrecht P. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractHemorrhagic cystitis is a well‐defined clinical emergency, usually occurring in the course of treatment with toxic agents such as cyclophosphamide. We present a case of hemorrhagic cystitis in an otherwise completely healthy female. The three documented attacks were severe and started during intercontinental flights. This type of hemorrhagic cystitis as a disease proved to be a boon, treatable by drinking large amounts of water, and was diagnosed by and in Dr. Boon; thus was the appellation Boon's disease coined. Cellular changes in the urine specimen taken after onset of the disease indicated massive exfoliation of degenerated urothelial cells with morphological features suggestive of apoptosis. It seems likely that this process can be initiated by any event which is associated with compromise of vitality of the urinary bladder lining, such as may occur in hypovolemia. This type of hemorrhagic cystitis is most probably not uncommon in susceptible individuals during intercontinental flights. Diagn. Cytopathol. 25:361–364, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role of flow cytometry in the diagnosis of lymphadenopathy in children
Authors: Chen Yu , Savargaonkar Pratima , Fuchs Alexander , Wasserman Patricia 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTo evaluate the combination of fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) and flow cytometric immunophenotyping (FCI) in the diagnosis of lymphadenopathy in children, we reviewed a total of 71 FNA specimens from pediatric patients with persistent lymphadenopathy. Two cases were deemed inadequate. In the remaining 69 cases, 54 (78%) were diagnosed as benign lesions, 9 (13%) as Hodgkin's lymphoma, 4 (6%) as non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma or leukemic infiltrate, and 2 as metastatic tumors. Of the 69 cases, 25 cases (38%) were diagnosed based on cytomorphology alone, 30 (43%) by combined cytomorphology and FCI, and 19 (28%) by surgical biopsy. In conclusion, FNA is an easy, safe, and reliable procedure in the diagnosis of lymphadenopathy in children. In difficult cases, FCI can be used to exclude non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2002;26:5–9. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diagnostic difficulties in spontaneous infarction of a fibroadenoma in an adolescent: Case report
Authors: Deshpande Kamayani M. , Deshpande Archana H. , Raut W.K , Lele Vibha R. , Bobhate S.K. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSpontaneous infarction is an uncommon complication occurring in fibroadenoma of the breast. Although infarction following fine‐needle aspiration has been reported in the literature, to the best of our knowledge this is the first reported case where infarction was encountered on first‐time aspiration. It is necessary to distinguish infarcted fibroadenoma from mastitis, duct ectasia, mammary tuberculosis, and carcinoma on cytology smears. Lack of knowledge of this entity may lead to an erroneous diagnosis of inflammatory lesion or carcinoma. We report the first case of cytological and histological findings in spontaneous infarction of fibroadenoma in 13‐yr‐old female. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2002;26:26–28. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effectiveness of fine‐needle aspiration cytology of breast: Analysis of 2,375 cases from northern Thailand
Authors: Chaiwun Benjaporn , Settakorn Jongkolnee , Ya‐in Charin , Wisedmongkol Wattanaporn , Rangdaeng Samreung , Thorner Paul 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAt the Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital, Chiang Mai, Thailand, 2,375 cases of breast lesions were sampled by fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) from 1994–1999. Cytologic diagnoses were: benign (48%), suspicious for malignancy (5%), malignant (15%), and unsatisfactory (32%). Comparison with histology was possible in 721 cases. The diagnoses obtained by FNA showed a sensitivity of 84.4%, specificity of 99.5%, positive predictive value of 99.8%, negative predictive value of 84.3%, false‐negative rate of 16.7%, false‐positive rate of 0.5%, and overall diagnostic accuracy of 91.3%. We conclude that, in experienced hands, FNA of breast masses is reliable for diagnosis. Assessment of samples at the time of aspiration can reduce the number of inadequate specimens to near zero. Correlation of FNA results with clinical and radiologic findings can identify false‐negatives and false‐positives, ensuring optimal patient management. Many centers now recommend needle core biopsy instead of FNA. For regions such as ours, the added cost of this test would make it unavailable to many patients, which could delay a diagnosis of breast cancer. We advocate keeping FNA as a first‐line diagnostic procedure, at least in areas under economic restrictions, in order to maximize the availability of health care to women with breast disease. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2002;26:201–205; DOI 10.1002/dc.10067 © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Aspiration cytology of elastofibroma dorsi: Case report with ultrastructural and immunohistochemical findings
Authors: Harigopal Malini , Seshan Surya V. , DeLellis Ronald A. , Yankelevitz David , Vazquez Madeline 
Published: August 2002

AbstractElastofibroma is a well‐recognized tumor‐like process which typically occurs in the soft tissue of the shoulder. Although fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) represents a quick and simple method for definitive diagnosis, the possibility of a false‐negative diagnosis is high due to the hypocellularity of the smears. However, a high index of suspicion based on the clinical presentation of a firm mass in a typical location in an elderly person, usually female, aids in the diagnosis. We describe the FNA findings of elastofibroma dorsi in an 89‐yr‐old woman which, although hypocellular, contained diagnostic aggregates of petaloid globules within a collagenous matrix. The cytologic material showed a green‐yellow autofluorescence of the altered elastic fibers with ultraviolet light. Transmission electron microscopy revealed an elongated beaded appearance with small electron densities and obliteration of the central elastin core. The presence of a hypocellular aspirate with autofluorescent elastic fibers should suggest the possibility of elastofibroma dorsi. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2002;26:310–313. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.