bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distress and neuroticism as mediators of the effect of childhood and adulthood adversity on cognitive performance in the UK Biobank study
Authors: Pflanz Chris Patrick , Künzi Morgane , Gallacher John , Bauermeister Sarah 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Childhood adversity and adulthood adversity affect cognition later in life. However, the mechanism through which adversity exerts these effects on cognition remains under-researched. We aimed to investigate if the effect of adversity on cognition was mediated by distress or neuroticism. The UK Biobank is a large, population-based, cohort study designed to investigate risk factors of cognitive health. Here, data were analysed using a cross-sectional design. Structural equation models were fitted to the data with childhood adversity or adulthood adversity as independent variables, distress and neuroticism as mediators and executive function and processing speed as latent dependent variables that were derived from the cognitive scores in the UK Biobank. Complete data were available for 64,051 participants in the childhood adversity model and 63,360 participants in the adulthood adversity model. Childhood adversity did not show a direct effect on processing speed. The effect of childhood adversity on executive function was partially mediated by distress and neuroticism. The effects of adulthood adversity on executive function and processing speed were both partially mediated by distress and neuroticism. In conclusion, distress and neuroticism mediated the deleterious effect of childhood and adulthood adversity on cognition and may provide a mechanism underlying the deleterious consequences of adversity.
A Dynamic Phantom Model for Research and Quality Control in Cardiac Imaging
Authors: Tournoux Francois , Hodzic Amir , Pellissier Arnaud , Saloux Eric 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background.
Accurate myocardial function and chamber quantification is of major interest. Lack of standardization between the different vendors, difficulties in performing validation studies and absence of reference systems for calibration have slowed down the expansion of such technologies in clinical practice. The goal of this study was to build a dynamic cardiac phantom to enable in vitro assessment of echo software algorithms.
Methods.
Using a polyvinyl alcoholic gel, we built a multimodality phantom model. Three pneumatic cylinders and a computer-driven control system allowed a 3D deformation capability. Sonomicrometer crystals were positioned on the phantom and used as reference for strain. The transducer tip was successively fixed at the apex of the gel for longitudinal strain assessment. Peaks of strain obtained by echo were then compared to the strain recorded by the sonomicrometers. The phantom was also scanned using an ultrasound machine with 3D capabilities and an MRI machine. MRI-volumes were compared to those obtained by 3D-echo.
Results.
We were able to apply various levels of longitudinal strain (-5 to -22%), and there was a strong and significant correlation between strain measured by tissue Doppler and sonomicrometers (R2 = 0.91, P = 0.0001) as well as between measurements by speckle tracking and sonomicrometers (R2 = 0.97, P < 0.0001). There was also a significant correlation between the volumes assessed by 3D-echo and MRI (R² = 0.94, P < 0.0001).
Conclusion.
This cardiac phantom model demonstrates realistic and complex deformation and is a promising tool to improve new echo algorithms, test their accuracy and standardize the measurements between different providers.
Design of two layer clamped-clamped microsensor based on classical and non-classical theories
Authors: Yekta Mohammadreza Davoodi , Rahi Abbas 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this paper, the two-layer micro sensor is modeled as a two-layer clamped-clamped microbeam and it is optimized using the genetic algorithm. Using the results of this research, clamped- clamped microbeams can be designed in such a way that the performance of microsensors whose structure includes these microbeams will be improved. The quality factor, the sensitivity, and the maximum stress are selected as objective functions. The thickness of each layer, the width of the microbeam, and the length of the microbeam are selected as design variables. The optimization is done based on classical and non-classical theory by the genetic algorithm. The results based on both theories are approximately equal. The length of the microbeam is the most important variable and very changes (approximately 190%). The thickness of the silicon layer has the least effect on the results and changes just lower than 2μm (approximately 20%). The results show that when the maximum stress decreases and the sensitivity increases, the quality factor decreases which is undesirable. Maximum sensitivity obtains when the microbeam is very small.
Spatial prioritization of dugong habitats in India can contribute towards achieving the 30 x 30 global biodiversity target
Authors: Seal Sohom , Bayyana Sharad , Pande Anant , Ghanekar Chinmaya , Hatkar Prachi Sachchidanand , Pathan Sameeha , Patel Shivani , Rajpurkar Sagar , Prajapati Sumit , Gole Swapnali , Iyer Sweta , Nair Aditi , Prabakaran Nehru , Sivakumar Kuppusamy , Johnson Jeyaraj Antony 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Indian coastal waters are critical for dugong populations, the largest in south Asia, in the western Indian Ocean. Spatial planning of these waters can help to achieve biodiversity conservation and area-based protection targets in the region. In this study, we employed environmental niche modelling to predict suitable dugong habitats and identify influencing factors along its entire distribution range in Indian waters. We examined data on fishing pressures collected through systematic interview surveys, citizen-science data, and field surveys to demarcate dugong habitats with varying risk. Seagrass presence was the major contributing factor in determining dugong habitat suitability across the study sites, though variables like depth, bathymetric slope, Euclidean distance from the shore were significant factors, particularly in the context of seasonal suitability. Predicted suitable habitats showed a remarkable shift from pre-monsoon in Palk Bay to post-monsoon in the Gulf of Mannar indicating seasonal movement. The entire coastline along the Palk Bay- Gulf of Mannar (PB-GoM) region were observed to be high to moderate risk, including the Gulf of Mannar Marine National Park as one of the high-risk areas. The Andaman Islands exhibited high suitability during pre and post monsoon, whereas the Nicobar Islands were highly suitable in the monsoon. Risk assessment of modelled suitable areas revealed that < 15% of high-risk areas across Andaman and Nicobar Islands (ANI) and Palk Bay and Gulf of Mannar, Tamil Nadu falls within the existing protected areas. At Gulf of Kutch (GoK), Gujarat few offshore reef islands are identified under high-risk zone. The study highlighted the utility of citizen science and secondary data, in performing large-scale spatial ecological analysis. The study identifies synoptic-scale ‘Critical Dugong Habitats’ with implications in achieving global 30x30 target through systematic conservation planning.
Antibiotic activity of fungus comb extract from fungus-farming termites
Authors: Mediannikov Oleg , Gaye Mapenda , Armstrong Nicholas , Herbette Gaetan , Monnier Valerie , Bassene Hubert , Diatta Georges , Sambou Masse , Sokhna Cheikh , Raoult Didier , Fenollar Florence 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Termites, predominantly abundant in Africa, represent eusocial insects with a significant ecological role. They have historically served as valuable natural resources in various domains, including traditional medicine, human dietary practices, and livestock nutrition. Fascinatingly, higher termites have cultivated a remarkable symbiotic relationship with Termitomyces fungi over the course of millions of years. Recently our research team unveiled that multiple drug-resistant (MDR) enterobacteria found in termite-eating wild chimpanzees in Senegal may originate from Macrotermes, initiating a study of the mechanisms of MDR selection by passage of environmental bacteria through fungus combs. This finding, as well as traditional antibiotic fungus comb treatments in Africa propelled us into a study aimed at unraveling the mechanisms underlying MDR selection, specifically through the passage of environmental bacteria within termite fungus combs. We conducted an extensive examination of 11 fungus combs sourced from five termite species found in Senegal and revealed the noteworthy antibiotic properties of crude comb extracts. Notably, we identified meglutol as a prominent component within the active fractions of several combs, particularly those collected from agricultural fields. Meglutol likely persists from plant-based materials consumed by termites as part of their diet. While the precise molecules responsible for the antibiotic effects of fungus combs remain to be identified, meglutol itself possesses antibiotic properties and contributes to the overall antibacterial attributes of these combs. The presence of antibacterial compounds within fungus combs could actively participate in shaping the selection of antibiotic resistance within environmental bacteria, shedding light on a complex ecological interplay.
X-ray Void Defect Detection in Chip Solder Joints Based on PCB-DeepLabV3 Algorithm
Authors: Kong Defeng , Hu Xinyu , Gong Ziang , Zhang Daode 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Defects within chip solder joints are usually inspected visually for defects using X-ray imaging to obtain images. The phenomenon of voids inside solder joints is one of the most likely types of defects in the soldering process, and accurate detection of voids becomes difficult due to their irregular shapes, varying sizes, and defocused edges. To address this problem, an X-ray void image segmentation algorithm based on improved PCB-DeepLabV3 is proposed. Firstly, to meet the demand for lightweight and easy deployment in industrial scenarios, mobilenetv2 is used as the feature extraction backbone network of the PCB-DeepLabV3 model; then, Attention Multiscale Spatial Double Pyramid Network (AMTPNet) is designed to optimize the shallow feature edges and to improve the ability to capture detailed information; finally, image cropping and cleaning methods are designed to enhance the training dataset, and the improved PCB-DeepLabV3 is applied to the training dataset. The improved PCB-DeepLabV3 model is used to segment the void regions within the solder joints and compared with the classical semantic segmentation models such as Unet, SegNet, PSPNet, and DeeplabV3. The proposed new method enables the solder joint void inspection to get rid of the traditional way of visual inspection, realize intelligent upgrading, and effectively improve the problem of difficult segmentation of the target virtual edges, to obtain the inspection results with higher accuracy.
Evaluation on Communication Network Security Intrusion Detection Data in the Background of Cloud Computing
Authors: She Dong 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
With the development of network science and technology, electronic information technology has gradually penetrated into all aspects of daily life. The extensive use of network information technology not only brings convenience to people’s life, but also brings unprecedented network information security problems. This paper proposed a communication NS intrusion detection system based on cloud computing by consulting and analyzing a large number of NS data. This system is mainly composed of two network frameworks. After forming a complete system, the corresponding functional tests were carried out on this system to ensure the normal operation of the whole system. In order to understand the differences between the system designed in this paper and the traditional system, the data were compared from the performance items such as virus detection rate, attack interception rate, NS rate, network protection time efficiency, user satisfaction and use intention. According to the comparison results of function item data, both systems had the highest detection rate and interception rate of 100% in terms of virus detection rate and attack interception rate. However, in terms of safety rate and protection time efficiency, the traditional mode was inferior to the system mode. In the final survey of 100 people, the satisfaction rate of the traditional way was 54%, while the satisfaction rate of the system way was 86%. Through data analysis, the conclusion that the communication NS intrusion detection system was superior to the traditional system was finally determined.
Quantum-walk search in motion
Authors: Sahu Himanshu , Sen Kallol 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In quantum computing, the quantum walk search algorithm is designed for locating fixed marked nodes within a graph. However, when multiple marked nodes exist, the conventional search algorithm lacks the capacity to simultaneously amplify the marked nodes as well as identify the correct chronological ordering between the marked nodes, if any. To address this limitation, we explore a potential extension of the algorithm by introducing additional quantum states to label the marked nodes. The labels resolve the ambiguity of simultaneous amplification of the marked nodes. Additionally, by associating the label states with a chronological ordering, we can extend the algorithm to track a moving particle on a two-dimensional surface. Our algorithm efficiently searches for the trajectory of the particle and is supported by a proposed quantum circuit. This concept holds promise for a range of applications, from real-time object tracking to network management and routing.
The impact of workplace violence on job burnout among Chinese correctionalofficers: the chain mediating effects of stress and insomnia
Authors: Wang Jizhi , Huang Ying , Wang Siyuan , Zhang Zheng , He Yuqiong , Wang Xiaoping , Guo Huijuan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background: The risk of workplace violence and job burnout among Chinese correctional officers is high. Stress and insomnia may influence the relationship between workplace violence and job burnout; however, this influence has been rarely studied. This study aimed to explore the effect of workplace violence on job burnout among Chinese correctional officers and to assess the contribution of stress and insomnia to this effect.
Methods: In this study, the workplace violence scale, the Assens insomnia scale, the 21-item Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, and the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey scale were used to assess the workplace violence, insomnia, stress, and job burnout experienced by the 472 correctional officers, respectively.
Results: The results showed that (1) workplace violence was significantly and positively predictive of job burnout, (2) workplace violence affected job burnout through the mediation of stress, (3) workplace violence affected job burnout through the mediation of insomnia, and (4)
stress and insomnia played fully interlocking mediating roles in the effect of workplace violence on job burnout.
Conclusion: Stress and insomnia may play a full mediating role in the relationship between workplace violence and job burnout. This suggested that correctional officers may take measures to reduce stress and improve insomnia, thereby reducing their job burnout. Further research may focus on the development of effective interventions to reduce stress and improve insomnia among correctional officers.
CRISPR/Cas13a-triggered entropy-driven amplification for colorimetric and fluorescent dual-mode detection of microRNA
Authors: Yu Juanchun , Zhang Junhong , Li Meng , You Yiqin , Zhang Chenchen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are crucial biomarkers for the early detection and monitoring of disease progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Herein, we have devised a method for detecting miRNA using a combination of colorimetric and graphene oxide-based fluorescent techniques. The target miRNA in our design could precisely activate the trans-cleavage activity of the CRISPR-Cas13a system. The activated Cas13a enzyme cuts the “rUrU” section in the P1 probe, generating a nicking site to induce entropy-driven amplification (EDA). One of the available EDA products has the capability to unfold the hairpin probe, thereby initiating the catalytic hairpin assembly, exposing the G-quadruplex structure, facilitating the subsequent color response. The fuel strand labeled with Cy3 successfully established a double-stranded DNA structure with DNA3, and consequently the Cy3 would not be quenched by graphene oxide (GO). The proposed dual-mode strategy provides a sensitive, precise, and selective method for miRNA detection. The implementation of the dual-mode technique in this method yields greater benefits in terms of improving the precision and consistency of the miRNA measurements. The developed method has the capability to fluorescently measure miRNA-21 levels down to a concentration of 5.8 fM. In addition, the analysis of miRNA targets from clinical samples using this method demonstrates its promising utility in the fields of biomedical research of COPD.
Study on the Long-term Quality of Life and Influencing Factors in Elderly Patients After Vertebroplasty Based on the EQ-5D Chinese Utility Score System: a retrospective study
Authors: Gao Min , Jiang Xiu-Li , Ge Jian-Yun , Zeng Zhen , Song Jie 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background The quality of life in elderly patients after vertebroplasty is influenced by various factors. Although the EQ-5D scale has been widely used to assess quality of life, the factors affecting the long-term postoperative quality of life of elderly vertebroplasty patients in China have not been thoroughly studied.
Methods This study is a retrospective research that included 519 patients aged 65 and above who underwent elective vertebroplasty. We collected baseline data from these patients and conducted telephone follow-ups 12 months post-operation to evaluate their EQ-5D health utility values and EQ-VAS scores. Univariate and multivariate linear regression models were used to analyze the factors affecting quality of life.
Results Of the 519 patients, the majority were female (78.0%), with ages ranging from 65 to 95 years and an average age of 75.2 years. Twelve months post-operation, pain/discomfort was the most commonly reported issue by 68.4% of patients. The median EQ-5D health utility value was 0.783, with a range between 0.450 and 0.887; the median VAS score was 75, ranging from 60 to 85. Multivariate linear regression analysis indicated that older age, hormone use, higher ASA grades, non-drinking habits, and low albumin levels were independent risk factors affecting the long-term quality of life in elderly patients after vertebroplasty. Additionally, a history of tumors, the number of vertebral compression fractures, and bone density were also crucial influencing factors.
Conclusions Based on the EQ-5D Chinese utility scoring system, we evaluated the quality of life of patients aged 65 and above 12 months after vertebroplasty. This study identified several factors related to the postoperative quality of life in elderly vertebroplasty patients, providing crucial evidence for further clinical decisions and patient education.
Incremental diagnostic value of SPECT/CT to post-radioiodine therapy planar whole-body scan in patients with papillary thyroid cancer
Authors: Zhu Liya , Son Junik , Lee Won Kee , Ahn Byeong-Cheol 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to assess the value of adding single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) to whole-body scan (WBS) in patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC).
Subjects and methods:
This study included 265 patients with PTC (aged > 20 years) who underwent WBS and SPECT/CT after radioiodine treatment. Patients were classified into non-metastasis, lymph node (LN) metastasis, and distant metastasis groups based on the diagnosis by the WBS. In addition, results of the WBS were compared with those of SPECT/CT to WBS, and according, the patients were divided into concordant and discordant subgroups.
Results
The addition of SPECT/CT changed the diagnosis of WBS in 28 (10.6%) of the 265 patients. The results of comparing the clinicopathological features of the subgroups suggested that the tumor size and serum thyroglobulin (TG) level in the discordant subgroup were significantly different from those in the concordant with the increasing trend in the non-metastasis group. In the distant metastasis group, the serum TG level in the discordant subgroup was significantly lower than that in the concordant subgroup, while the clinic-pathological factors were not different in the LN metastasis group. However, for the LN metastasis and distant metastasis groups, SPECT/CT changed the diagnosis of patients by 21.1% and 50.0%, respectively.
Conclusion
The results of this study suggest that the addition of SPECT/CT to WBS in patients who have PTC, large initial tumors, or high serum TG levels in the non-metastasis group may offer a more accurate diagnosis. Patients diagnosed with distant metastasis by the WBS and had low TG levels require additional SPECT/CT. Thus, SPECT/CT is recommended for patients diagnosed with LN metastasis and distant metastasis by WBS.
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy reduces the traumatic brain injury-mediated neuroinflammation through enrichment of Prevotella copri in the gut of male rats
Authors: Nyam Tee-Tau Eric , Wee Hsiao-Yue , Chiu Min-Hsi , Tu Kuan-Chi , Wang Che-Chuan , Yeh Yao-Tsung , Kuo Ching-Lung 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Gastrointestinal dysfunction frequently occurs following traumatic brain injury (TBI) and significantly increases posttraumatic complications. TBI can lead to alterations of gut microbiota. The neuroprotective effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) have not been well recognized after TBI. The study aim was to link the impacts of HBO on the TBI-induced dysbiosis in the gut and the pathological changes in the brain after TBI.
Material and method
: Anesthetized male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly assigned to 3 groups: sham surgery plus normobaric air (NBA) (21% oxygen at 1 ATA), TBI (2.0 atm) plus NBA, and TBI (2.0 atm) plus HBO (100% oxygen at 2.0 ATA) for 60 minutes immediately after TBI, 24 hours, and 48 hours later. The brain injury volume, TNF-α expression in the microglia and astrocyte, and neuronal apoptosis in the brain were consequently determined. The V3/V4 regions of 16S rRNA of the fecal samples were sequenced, and alterations of the gut microbiome were statistically analyzed. All parameters were evaluated at the 3rd day after TBI.
Results
Our results showed HBO improved TBI-induced neuroinflammation, brain injury volume and neuronal apoptosis. HBO appeared to increase the abundance of aerobic bacteria but inhibit anaerobic bacteria. Intriguingly, HBO reversed the TBI-mediated decrease of Prevotella copri and Deinococcus spp., which were both negatively correlated with neuroinflammation and brain injury volume. TBI increased the abundance of these gut bacteria in relation to NOD-like receptor signaling and Proteasome pathway, which also had a positive correlation trend to neuroinflammation and apoptosis. The abundance of Prevotella copri was negatively correlated to NOD-like receptor signaling and Proteasome pathway.
Conclusion
Our study demonstrated the neuroprotective effects of HBO after acute TBI might act through reshaping the TBI-induced gut dysbiosis and reversed the TBI-mediated decrease of Prevotella copri to reduce TBI-induced neuroinflammation through inhibition NOD-like receptor signaling and Proteasome pathway.