bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristic Interactions between Poly(hydroxybutyrate) Depolymerase and Poly[(R)‐3‐hydroxybutyrate] Film Studied by a Quartz Crystal Microbalance
Authors: Yamashita Koichi , Funato Takashi , Suzuki Yoichi , Teramachi Shinya , Doi Yoshiharu 
Published: November 2003

AbstractEnzymatic degradation of poly[(R)‐3‐hydroxybutyrate] (P(3HB)) film by the poly(hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) depolymerase from Ralstonia picketti T1 was studied in 0.01 M phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.4) at 37 °C by using a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) technique. Enzymatic degradation of P(3HB) film was quantitatively followed by QCM as a positive frequency shift. While, the amount of depolymerases adsorbed on the film could be evaluated as a negative frequency shift by using a mutant enzyme which had no hydrolytic activity in a catalytic site. The degradation rate increased with enzyme concentration to reach a maximum value at 1.0 μg · mL−1, and then the rate decreased at higher enzyme concentration. This enzyme concentration dependence could be quantitatively explained in terms of a change of coverage of the film surface by the adsorbed enzyme. When the wild‐type enzyme solution in a QCM cell was replaced with the mutant enzyme solution in the middle of the reaction, the degradation rate was reduced markedly, indicating that the wild‐type enzyme adsorbed on the P(3HB) surface is easily substituted by the mutant enzyme in the solution. On the other hand, replacement of the wild‐type enzyme solution with other proteins or buffer solutions did not affect the degradation rate at all, suggesting that the adsorbed enzyme was not desorbed from the film surface. Thus, the adsorbed PHB depolymerase is released from the P(3HB) surface only by interaction with the same depolymerase in solution.Time courses of frequency changes (ΔF) or weight changes (Δw) observed during enzymatic degradation of P(3HB) film by PHB depolymerase from R. picketti T1 at 37 °C.magnified imageTime courses of frequency changes (ΔF) or weight changes (Δw) observed during enzymatic degradation of P(3HB) film by PHB depolymerase from R. picketti T1 at 37 °C.
Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of a Multivalent Aminoglycoside
Authors: Miura Yoshiko , Ikeda Takayasu , Wada Natsuko , Kobayashi Kazukiyo 
Published: November 2003

AbstractA polymeric aminoglycoside was prepared by a facile chemoenzymatic reaction. Boc‐protected aminoglycoside, amikacin, was chemoselectively esterified with divinyl sebacate at a hydroxyl group in the C6″ position by protease from Bacillus subtilis. The resulting 3,6′,3″,4‴‐tetra‐N‐Boc‐6″‐O‐vinyl sebacate was copolymerized with maltitol 6‐vinyl sebacate to yield a polymeric amikacin. The polymeric amikacin showed a modest inhibitory effect on in vitro protein synthesis, and a little antibiotic activity in minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay in the presence of protease.The synthesis of Boc‐protected amikacin ester by an enzyme‐catalyzed (protease) esterification.magnified imageThe synthesis of Boc‐protected amikacin ester by an enzyme‐catalyzed (protease) esterification.
Bergman and Bloch spaces of vector‐valued functions
Authors: Arregui José Luis , Blasco Oscar 
Published: November 2003

AbstractWe investigate Bergman and Bloch spaces of analytic vector‐valued functions in the unit disc. We show how the Bergman projection from the Bochner‐Lebesgue space Lp(𝔻, X) onto the Bergman space Bp(X) extends boundedly to the space of vector‐valued measures of bounded p‐variation Vp(X), using this fact to prove that the dual of Bp(X) is Bp(X*) for any complex Banach space X and 1 < p < ∞. As for p = 1 the dual is the Bloch space ℬ︁(X*). Furthermore we relate these spaces (via the Bergman kernel) with the classes of p‐summing and positive p‐summing operators, and we show in the same framework that Bp(X) is always complemented in 𝓁p(X). (© 2003 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Chaos for semigroups of unbounded operators
Authors: deLaubenfels R. , Emamirad H. , Grosse‐Erdmann K.‐G. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractIn this paper we generalize the notion of hypercyclic and chaotic semigroups to families of unbounded operators. We study this concept within the frameworks of C‐regularized semigroups and of regular distribution semigroups. We then apply our results to unbounded semigroups generated by differential operators with constant coefficients in weighted spaces and to the unbounded semigroup {(–Δ)t}t≥0, where . is the Laplacian operator. (© 2003 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Boundary values of integral operators
Authors: Hefer Torsten 
Published: November 2003

AbstractConsider a differential form u in the image of an integral operator K on a smooth domain D in a Riemannian manifold, i.e. u(y) = Kf(y) = ∫x∈D f(x) ∧ K(x, y) for y ∈ D. If the kernel K of the integral operator is sufficiently regular and defined also for y in the boundary bD of D, one may define two different kinds of boundary values of u on bD. Firstly, u may have boundary values in the sense of distributions, i.e. boundary values satisfying a Stokes' formula in a suitably weak sense. Secondly, one can simply restrict (pull back) y in the kernel K(x, y) to the boundary of D, then integrate with respect to x in the above formula. It is interesting to know under which hypotheses on f and K both types of boundary values agree, because the boundary values defined by restricting the kernel can often be estimated by direct methods, whereas the abstractly given distributional boundary values are less tractable but analytically interesting objects linked to u. We will give counter‐examples to show that even in quite regular situations the two notions do not necessarily agree. Then we study conditions implying equality. We also mention some interesting applications, e.g. generalizations of Stokes' formula and applications in the theory of integral representations in several complex variables. (© 2003 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On half‐line spectra for a class of non‐self‐adjoint Hill operators
Authors: Shin Kwang C. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractIn 1980, Gasymov showed that non‐self‐adjoint Hill operators with complex‐valued periodic potentials of the type $ V(x) = \sum ^{\infty} _{k=1} a_{k} e^{ikx} $, with $ \sum ^{\infty} _{k=1} \vert a_{k} \vert < \infty $, have spectra [0, ∞). In this note, we provide an alternative and elementary proof of this result. (© 2003 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
One‐Step Synthesis and Size Control of Dendrimer‐Protected Gold Nanoparticles: A Heat‐Treatment‐Based Strategy
Authors: Sun Xuping , Jiang Xiue , Dong Shaojun , Wang Erkang 
Published: November 2003

AbstractDendrimer‐protected gold nanoparticles have been facilely obtained by heating an aqueous solution containing third‐generation poly(propyleneimine) dendrimers and HAuCl4 without the additional step of introducing other reducing agents. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and UV‐vis data indicate the size, the nucleation, and growth kinetics of gold nanoparticles thus formed, which can be tuned by changing the initial molar ratio of dendrimer to gold.The formation of dendrimer–gold nanoparticles by the heat treatment of an aqueous solution containing third‐generation poly(propyleneimine) dendrimers and HAuCl4.magnified imageThe formation of dendrimer–gold nanoparticles by the heat treatment of an aqueous solution containing third‐generation poly(propyleneimine) dendrimers and HAuCl4.
Abnormal sensorimotor integration is related to disease severity in Parkinson's disease: A TMS study
Authors: Tamburin Stefano , Fiaschi Antonio , Idone Domenico , Lochner Piergiorgio , Manganotti Paolo , Zanette Giampietro 
Published: November 2003

AbstractHyperexcitability of the motor system has been reported in Parkinson's disease (PD). We evaluate how cutaneous afferents modulate motor excitability in PD patients and whether abnormal modulation is correlated to parkinsonian symptoms. Digital stimulation causes abnormal enhancement of motor responses in patients. This effect may be one of the features of motor hyperexcitability in PD. Cutaneomotor hyperexcitability correlates with clinical scores, suggesting that abnormal processing of cutaneous inputs might contribute to the pathogenesis of parkinsonian symptoms. © 2003 Movement Disorder Society
Corticobasal degeneration as a cognitive disorder
Authors: Graham Naida L. , Bak Thomas H. , Hodges John R. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe presence of cognitive impairment in corticobasal degeneration (CBD) is now widely recognised. Our review of the literature reveals that, although the pattern and severity of neuropsychological impairments can be highly variable across patients, several general trends can be identified. The most characteristic impairments are limb apraxia (usually ideomotor), constructional and visuospatial difficulties, acalculia, frontal dysfunction, and nonfluent aphasia. The limb apraxia is associated with deficits in drawing, copying, and handwriting, but there is emerging evidence that the problems with handwriting are not due exclusively to the apraxia. The findings with respect to episodic memory are more variable, but when there is impairment in this area, it tends to be milder than that seen in Alzheimer's disease. Semantic memory functioning appears relatively preserved but has been poorly studied. Problems with speech are common, and may be due to dysarthria or buccofacial apraxia. Aphasia, although initially considered rare, is in fact a common accompaniment of CBD, may be the presenting feature, and is typically nonfluent in type. More systematic investigation of the clinical and neuropathological overlap between progressive nonfluent aphasia (generally considered to be a form of frontotemporal dementia) and CBD is needed.© 2003 Movement Disorder Society
Separate ipsilateral and contralateral corticospinal projections in congenital mirror movements: Neurophysiological evidence and significance for motor rehabilitation
Authors: Cincotta Massimo , Borgheresi Alessandra , Balzini Lara , Vannucchi Luca , Zeloni Gabriele , Ragazzoni Aldo , Benvenuti Francesco , Zaccara Gaetano , Arnetoli Graziano , Ziemann Ulf 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe neurophysiological hallmark of congenital mirror movements (MM) are fast‐conducting corticospinal projections from the hand area of one primary motor cortex to both sides of the spinal cord. It is still unclear whether the abnormal ipsilateral projection originates through branching fibres from the normal contralateral projection or constitutes a separate ipsilateral projection. To clarify this question, we used focal paired‐pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation to test task‐related modulation of short‐interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) in the abductor pollicis brevis (APB) muscles of a 15‐year‐old girl (Patient 1) and a 40‐year‐old woman (Patient 2) with congenital MM. In both patients, during intended unilateral APB contraction, SICI decreased markedly in the “task” APB but remained unchanged in the “mirror” APB when compared to muscle rest. In contrast, spinal excitability as tested with H reflexes increased similarly in the task and mirror flexor carpi radialis muscles. This dissociation of task‐related SICI modulation strongly supports the existence of a separate ipsilateral fast‐conducting corticospinal projection. In Patient 1, we tested the functional significance of this separate ipsilateral projection during 7 months of motor rehabilitation training, which was designed to facilitate unilateral finger movements. A marked reduction of MM was observed after training, suggesting that unwanted mirror activity in the ipsilateral pathway can be suppressed by learning. © 2003 Movement Disorder Society
Prevalence of primary late‐onset focal dystonia in the Belgrade population
Authors: Pekmezović Tatjana , Ivanović Nataša , Svetel Marina , Nalić Dragana , Smiljković Tatjana , Raičević Ranko , Kostić Vladimir S. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe aim of this cross‐sectional study was to estimate the prevalence of different subtypes of idiopathic focal dystonia in the population of Belgrade (Serbia), Yugoslavia. On December 31, 2001, the crude prevalence of all studied types of dystonia (focal, segmental, and multifocal) in Belgrade was 13.6 per 100,000 population (11.8 per 100,000 for men and 15.2 per 100,000 for women). Type‐specific prevalence for focal dystonia was 11.2 per 100,000. The prevalence for cervical dystonia, blepharospasm, writer's cramp and laryngeal dystonia were 5.9 per 100,000, 1.9 per 100,000, 1.9 per 100,000, and 1.1 per 100,000, respectively. © 2003 Movement Disorder Society
Structural elucidation and total assignment of the 1H and 13C NMR spectra of new chalcone dimers
Authors: Bandeira Mary Anne M. , Matos F. J. de A. , Braz‐Filho R. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractConventional 1D NMR methods and 2D shift‐correlated NMR experiments (COSY, HMQC, HMBC) were used for the structural elucidation and 1H and 13C chemical shifts assignments of four new types of chalcone dimers isolated from Myracrodruon urundeuva. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Combined 1H, 13C and 11B NMR and mass spectral assignments of boronate complexes of D‐(+)‐glucose, D‐(+)‐mannose, methyl‐α‐D‐glucopyranoside, methyl‐β‐D‐galactopyranoside and methyl‐α‐D‐mannopyranoside
Authors: Smoum Reem , Rubinstein Abraham , Srebnik Morris 
Published: November 2003

AbstractComplex formation between N‐butylboronic acid and D‐(+)‐glucose, D‐(+)‐mannose, methyl‐α‐D‐glucopyranoside, methyl‐β‐D‐galactopyranoside and methyl α‐D‐mannopyranoside under neutral conditions was investigated by 1H, 13C and 11B NMR spectroscopy and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) D‐(+)‐Glucose and D‐(+)‐mannose formed complexes where the boronates are attached to the 1,2:4,6‐ and 2,3:5,6‐positions of the furanose forms, respectively. On the other hand, the boronic acid binds to the 4,6‐positions of the two methyl derivatives of glucose and galactose. Methyl α‐D‐mannopyranoside binds two boronates at the 2,3:4,6‐positions. 11B NMR was used to show the ring size of the complexed sugars and the boronate. GC–MS confirmed the assignments. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gelsolin‐related familial amyloidosis, Finnish type, in a Portuguese family: Clinical and neurophysiological studies
Authors: Conceição Isabel , Sales‐Luis Maria Lurdes , De Carvalho Mamede , Evangelista Teresinha , Fernandes Rui , Paunio Tiina , Kangas Hannele , Coutinho Paula , Neves Carlos , Saraiva Maria João 
Published: November 2003

AbstractWe report a Portuguese family with familial amyloid polyneuropathy related to gelsolin. There were no known Finnish ancestors, but the same mutation as described in Finnish patients (G654A) was carried. Clinical and neurophysiological investigations were performed in four patients. Corneal lattice dystrophy affected all four patients; an axonal lesion of the facial nerve occurred in three patients; visual tract involvement was documented in one case; and corticospinal and posterior column dysfunction was present in one patient. Polarizing microscopy of skin and muscle samples demonstrated amyloid deposits in two patients; anti‐gelsolin immunohistochemistry was positive for amyloidogenic gelsolin. The Finnish mutation of gelsolin protein (G654A) was detected in five family members. The utility of neurophysiological testing in the evaluation and follow‐up of this type of amyloidosis is discussed. Muscle Nerve 28: 715–721, 2003
Characterisation of castor oil by on‐line and off‐line non‐aqueous reverse‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (APCI and UV/MALDI)
Authors: Stübiger Gerald , Pittenauer Ernst , Allmaier Günter 
Published: November 2003

AbstractA non‐aqueous reverse‐phase HPLC method, based on two columns in series, has been used to separate the major triacylglycerols (TAGs) from commercial castor oil and to perform either on‐line negative ion atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation (APCI), or off‐line positive ion matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionisation (MALDI)/MS. The resulting Mass Spectra showed chloride‐attached TAG molecules [M + Cl]− in the case of negative‐ion APCI, and sodium‐attached TAG molecules [M + Na]+ in the case of positive‐ion MALDI. For MALDI time‐of‐ﬂight (TOF)/MS, a liquid binary matrix system consisting of sodium ferrocyanide and glycerol was applied, resulting in excellent TAG sensitivity, which was necessary for the determination of trace amounts of TAGs in castor oil. Both techniques allowed unambiguous molecular mass determination of the intact TAG molecules with no thermal degradation. Furthermore, seamless post source decay (PSD) fragment ion analysis by means of a curved ﬁeld reﬂector TOF mass spectrometer allowed the determination of the fatty acid composition of each individual TAG. Castor oil contained eight different TAGs which were successfully determined by both APCI and MALDI techniques. In each TAG, at least two units of 12‐hydroxy‐9‐octadecenoic acid (ricinoleic acid) were present. The following fatty acids were determined by seamless PSD fragment ion analysis and APCI/MALDI molecular mass determination as TAG substructures: ricinoleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, dihydroxy stearic acid and eicosenoic acid. Triricinolein was the dominating TAG. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The simultaneous determination of 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylic acid and cyclopropane‐1,1‐dicarboxylic acid in Lycopersicum esculentum by high‐performance liquid chromatography—electrospray tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Petritis Konstantinos , Koukaki Georgia , Koussissi Elisabet , Elfakir Claire , Dreux Michel , Dourtoglou Vassilis 
Published: November 2003

AbstractVarying concentrations of cyclopropane‐1,1‐dicarboxylic acid (CDA), an inhibitor of 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylic acid oxidase, added to the solid culture medium of tomato nodal shoot segments resulted in a reduction in the level of endogenous ethylene according to the concentration of inhibitor applied. Following treatment with inhibitor, plants were homogenised and the concentrations of CDA and of 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylic acid (ACC) were measured simultaneously in the resulting juice using an HPLC‐ESI/MS‐MS method. The levels of CDA and ACC measured in the plant tissues were associated with the concentration of inhibitor added to the solid medium. The HPLC‐ESI/MS‐MS method described produced limits of detection of 0.8 pmol for ACC and of 4 pmol for CDA. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of the lipid classes and fatty acid proﬁle of Niger (Guizotia abyssinica Cass.) seed oil
Authors: Ramadan Mohamed Fawzy , Mörsel Jörg‐Thomas 
Published: November 2003

AbstractNiger seeds (Guizotia abyssinica Cass.), which are of interest as a new source of vegetable oils, were subjected to Soxhlet‐extraction with n‐hexane and the extract analysed using a combination of CC, GC, TLC and normal‐phase HPLC. The total lipid content was ca. 300 mg/g seed material, and the fatty acid proﬁle showed a high content of linoleic acid (up to 63%) together with palmitic acid (17%), oleic acid (ca. 11%), and stearic acid (ca. 7%). CC separation over silica gel eluted with solvents of increasing polarity yielded 291 mg/g of neutral lipids, 5.76 mg/g of glycolipids, and 0.84 mg/g of phospholipids. GC analysis showed that the major fatty acid present in all lipid classes was linoleic acid together with minor amounts of palmitic, oleic and stearic acids. Polar lipid fractions, however, were characterised by higher levels of palmitic acid and a lower content of linoleic acid. Phospholipid classes separated by normal‐phase HPLC consisted of phosphatidylcholine (ca. 49%), phosphatidylethanolamine (22%), phosphatidylinositol (14%), phosphatidylserine (ca. 8%), and minor amounts (2–3%) of phosphatidylglycerol and lysophosphatidylcholine. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A bioassay for insect deterrent compounds found in plant and animal tissues
Authors: Dyer Lee A. , Dodson Craig D. , Gentry Grant 
Published: November 2003

AbstractA general ﬁeld bioassay for detecting biologically active compounds in plants and insects has been developed and tested for efﬁcacy and sensitivity. Methanolic extracts, in sucrose solution, of 20 plant and six caterpillar species were offered to the ponerine antParaponera clavataand the feeding preferences observed. The bioassay resulted in the detection of nine plant and three caterpillar species with ant‐deterrent extracts, and 11 plant and three caterpillar species with neutral or attractant extracts. All of the plants showing ant‐deterrent characteristics which had been chemically investigated in our laboratory, or for which chemical literature was available, contained secondary metabolites of known deterrence. Both naturally occurring and artiﬁcial differences in chemical concentrations could be detected using the bioassay. The method provides a means of screening plants and insects for compounds that are insect anti‐feedants or that can modify insect behaviour. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Trends in elective terminations of pregnancy between 1989 and 2000 in a French county (the Isère)
Authors: Guillem P. , Fabre B. , Cans C. , Robert‐Gnansia E. , Jouk P. S. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractObjectivesThis study was performed in order to provide a description of indications for induced elective terminations of pregnancy (ETOP), their characteristics (e.g. gestational age), and their evolution over time.Design of the StudyThis is an epidemiological study. The geographic area covered is the French county of ‘Isère’, which represents a mean of 14 000 births per year over the study period.Materials and MethodsData on ETOPs were collected actively from medical records by a register of childhood deficiencies and adverse perinatal events in this county. Between 1989 and 2000, 996 ETOPs were notified.ResultsFour main grounds for ETOPs were identified: (1) morphological anomalies with normal karyotype (39%), (2) chromosomal anomalies (35%), (3) other fetal grounds (16%), and (4) maternal indications (10%). Prevalence rates for the first two grounds increased significantly over the study period respectively from 2.0 to 2.9 and from 1.4 to 2.7 per 1000. Among the ETOPs carried out because of fetal indications, the percentage of late ETOPs (from 24 weeks of gestation) was 34.6%, and remained stable over the studied period. In some cases, a medical consensus was not reached with respect to indications for termination (sex chromosome anomalies, limb defects). We estimated the percentage of these cases as being 2.7% of the figure for fetal indications, without any variation in prevalence over the whole period (p = 0.59).The increasing number of ETOPs that occurred in the chromosomal aberrations group during the study period is thought to be due to an increase in diagnostic sensitivity. The increase that occurred in the morphological anomalies group is thought to be due both to an increase in sensitivity and to a widening of the field with respect to indications, some of which have an uncertain prognosis (e.g. agenesis of the corpus callosum).ConclusionThis study provides useful data for monitoring medical practice consistency within the field of prenatal diagnosis, and for the drive to keep medical practice within ethically acceptable limits. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.