bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simple Disulfides: Studies of Some Exponents of a Family Involved in Prominent Processes
Authors: Cayón Vanina M. , Erben Mauricio F. , Romano Rosana M. , Stammler Hans‐Georg , Mitzel Norbert W. , Fa Ge Mao , Della Védova Carlos O. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractExploring the fundamental chemistry and intrinsic properties of disulfide‐containing species has become an increasingly popular means to understand their action in various scientific fields, applications, and systems. In this study several representatives of this extensive family with the general formula CCl3SSR, where R represents CH2CH3, CH2CF3, C(CH3)3, C6H5 and C(O)CH3,were prepared and characterized by vibrational spectroscopy methods (FTIR and Raman), NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, X‐ray structure determinations and photo electron spectroscopy. When complemented with computational chemistry, this range of methods and techniques sheds new light on numerous different processes. It is worth noting that the importance in disulfides compounds is related to inherent properties of this chemical family, such as chirality, theories involving the origin of life and its evolution, and, lately, the mechanisms of S−S bond formation in processes concerning therapies based on the use of peptides and COVID‐19.
Entropy‐Driven Morphology Regulation of MAX Phase Solid Solutions with Enhanced Microwave Absorption and Thermal Insulation Performance
Authors: Luo Wei , Jiang Xu , Liu Yi , Yuan Xiaoyan , Huo Jinghao , Li Peitong , Guo Shouwu 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMorphology regulation and composition design have proved to be effective strategies for the fabrication of desirable microwave absorbers. However, it is still challenging to precisely control the microstructure and components of MAX phases. Herein, an entropy‐driven approach, a transition from irregular grains (low entropy) to sheet structure (high entropy), is proposed to modulate the morphology of MAX phases. The theoretical calculation indicates that the morphology evolution can be ascribed to the enlarged energy difference between (11_00) and (0001) facets. The enriched structural defects and optimized morphologies yield significant dipolar polarization, interfacial polarization, multiple reflections, and scattering, which all enhance the electromagnetic wave absorption performance of (V0.25Ti0.25Cr0.25Mo0.25)2GaC. Specifically, its minimum reflection loss can reach up to −47.12 dB at 12.13 GHz, and the optimal effective absorption bandwidth is 4.56 GHz (2.03 mm). Meanwhile, (V0.25Ti0.25Cr0.25Mo0.25)2GaC shows also pronounced thermal insulation properties affording it good reliability in the harsh working environment. This work offers a novel approach to designing and regulating the morphology of the high entropy MAX phase, and also presents an opportunity to elucidate the relationship between entropy and electromagnetic wave absorption performance.
Partial‐Interpenetration‐Controlled UiO‐Type Metal‐Organic Framework and its Catalytic Activity
Authors: Kim Yeonghun , Lee Sanghyeop , Chen Ying‐Pin , Lee Byeongchan , Lee Sunggi , Park Jinhee 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAn unprecedented correlation between the catalytic activity of a Zr‐based UiO‐type metal‐organic framework (MOF) and its degree of interpenetration (DOI) is reported. The DOI of an MOF is hard to control owing to the high‐energy penalty required to construct a partially interpenetrated structure. Surprisingly, strong interactions between building blocks (inter‐ligand hydrogen bonding) facilitate the formation of partially interpenetrated structures under carefully regulated synthesis conditions. Moreover, catalytic conversion rates for cyanosilylation and Knoevenagel condensation reactions are found to be proportional to the DOI of the MOF. Among MOFs with DOIs in the 0–100% range, that with a DOI of 87% is the most catalytically active. Framework interpenetration is known to lower catalytic performance by impeding reactant diffusion. A higher effective reactant concentration due to tight inclusion in the interpenetrated region is possibly responsible for this inverted result.
Mesopredators in forest edges
Authors: Luskin Matthew Scott , Arnold Lindsey , Sovie Adia , Amir Zachary , Chua Marcus Aik Hwee , Dehaudt Bastien , Dunn Ashlea , Nursamsi Ilyas , Moore Jonathan H. , Mendes Calebe P. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFragments and edges account for most remaining forest habitats globally. Apex predators and megaherbivores often decline in these degraded habitats while smaller generalist omnivores can persist or thrive in forest edges, especially if they can utilize nonnative resources (“cross‐boundary food subsidies”). Outcomes for small‐medium carnivores (mesopredators) remain unclear or idiosyncratic. We tested responses of a widespread and common forest mesopredator to edges and the composition of the adjacent nonforested areas using 91 camera trapping surveys in Southeast Asia. Leopard cats (Prionailurus bengalensis and Prionailurus javanensis) showed a hump‐shaped relationship with forest cover and a positive association with oil palm plantations, but they did not increase near other types of nonnative land cover. Leopard cats' success in edges appears due to their hunting abundant rodent prey inside oil palm plantations, providing natural pest management for farmers. Abundant leopard cats also hunt and suppress native small vertebrates, which may trigger negative ecological cascades and suppress biodiversity in forest edges.
Migrant Successfully Accessing Their Vocation in Sweden: The Significance Labour Market Initiatives to Facilitate the Integration of Migrants and Refugees
Authors: Osman Ali 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis chapter addresses how integration is conceptualised in Swedish refugee integration policy and how this conceptualisation shapes integration practices in Sweden. I look at the consequences of these practices for refugees who have successfully returned to the vocation acquired in their country of origin. To make sense of the measures, I use Foucault’s theory of governmentality. The chapter shows how the policy and practice of governmentality functions as a control mechanism to classify, categorise, and order immigrants’ knowledge and competence, but more importantly, to inculcate in immigrants that their existing knowledge and competence is irrelevant, or partly relevant, in relation to accessing their vocation in Sweden. I suggest that the success of these policy practices is contingent not on the measures per se, but rather on serendipity, which seems to be a red thread running through informants’ success stories.
Understanding Recognition of Prior Learning as a Tool for the Labour Market Integration of Skilled Migrants
Authors: Andersson Per 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn the integration of skilled migrants, recognition of their prior learning is a key factor. One concern is the object of the recognition process, the formal and the actual competence of the individual. Another concern is the subject of the process, the migrant. Starting from the individual and her/his experience and competence entails a different process and result than starting from professional regulations and labour-market needs. A final concern is the process of recognition. Recognition processes could be seen solely as a matter of classification and assessment, but this misses the fact that the recognition process also means a learning process for the individual. This chapter discusses problems and opportunities relating to the recognition of prior learning targeting skilled migrants in relationship to these three concerns of object, subject, and process of recognition.
Education for Access to the Swedish Labour Market and Society: A Historical Comparison of Practices for the Integration of Immigrants in the 1960s and Early 2000s
Authors: Broberg Åsa , Herrera Lázaro Moreno 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe policies and strategies for the integration of immigrants into the Swedish labour market and society evolved considerably between the mid-1900s and early 2000s. While it could be reasonably claimed that there was a similar line of development in many other countries, the Swedish case has particularities that could well be associated with aspects of the welfare state and a traditional concern with social integration. From a historical perspective, this chapter analyses some of the core features of this development and examines questions such as how perceptions about work, education and integration have evolved. In relation to the first decades of the twenty-first century, the cases presented depict a new reality and a diversity of approaches that, it is argued, enrich the process of integration of immigrants into the labour market and society. This chapter will shed more light on the relationship between migration and societal change. In this investigation, the relationship between work, vocation and education is of particular interest. The chapter will also demonstrate how the changing character of this relationship can be understood as part of the idea structures of integration. Even though the analysis relates primarily to a Swedish context, it may be relevant to other national settings.
Successful Integration of Refugees in Vocational Education and Training: Experiences from a New Pre-vocational Programme
Authors: Stalder Barbara E. , Kammermann Marlise , Michel Iris , Schönbächler Marie-Theres 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTo support refugees and temporarily admitted persons in their endeavour to access vocational education and training, the Swiss federal government and the cantons have launched the pre-apprenticeship to support integration PAI. Based on a multi-source mixed-method design with 432 participants and 184 employers, we describe the PAI programme and explore participants’ learning environments at the workplace and school, their individual characteristics, and their social environment. We investigate factors contributing to participants’ successful transition to regular apprenticeships by comparing participants who could secure an apprenticeship at the end of the PAI with those who did not. Results show that participants appreciated the learning in the workplace and school and felt well-supported by teachers and in-company trainers. They were highly motivated and had good performances, which the employers also confirmed. Those having secured an apprenticeship found their work more interesting, engaged more in learning, and had better learning outcomes than those with an uncertain pathway. We conclude that the PAI programme is a valuable means to foster the integration of refugees and temporarily admitted persons in vocational education and training and highlight factors contributing to the programme’s success.
Entwicklung und Validierung eines Fragebogens zur Erfassung postural-strukturell-biomechanisch orientierter Überzeugungen von Physiotherapeut:innen zu Schmerzen
Authors: Bassimtabar Ahura , Alfuth Martin 
Published: October 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Physiotherapeut:innen verwenden in der klinischen Praxis häufig das postural-strukturell-biomechanische (PSB) Modell, um das Symptom Schmerz mit biomechanischen Defiziten zu erklären. Ein adäquates Wissen über Schmerz umfasst jedoch nicht nur die Kenntnis über die Neurophysiologie des Schmerzes, sondern auch die Kenntnis, dass allein PSB-orientierte Erklärungen über die Entstehung und Verstärkung von Schmerzen veraltet sind. Ein Fragebogen zur Erfassung von PSB-orientierten Überzeugungen existiert bisher nicht.

Ziel
Ziel dieser Studie war, einen neuen Fragebogen zur Erfassung der postural-strukturell-biomechanisch orientierten Überzeugungen von Physiotherapeut:innen zu Schmerzen zu konzipieren und hinsichtlich seiner Reliabilität (interne Konsistenz), Validität und Übereinstimmung zu prüfen.

Methoden
Der Essential Knowledge of Pain Questionnaire (EKPQ) wurde auf Grundlage einer Literaturrecherche und von Diskussionen zwischen Experten konstruiert. Anschließend wurde eine Pilotstudie durchgeführt, in der 32 Physiotherapieschüler:innen aus einer Fachschule für Physiotherapie online (SoSci Survey) mittels der deutschen Version des Revised Neurophysiology of Pain Questionnaire (rNPQ-D) und des EKPQ hinsichtlich ihres Wissens über und ihrer Überzeugungen zu Schmerzen befragt wurden.

Ergebnisse
Die interne Konsistenz des EKPQ war mit Cronbach’s α = 0,784 akzeptabel. Es bestand eine positive signifikante Korrelation von r = 0,518 (p = 0,002) zwischen den beiden Fragebögen. Die Bland-Altman-Analyse ergab eine mittlere Differenz zwischen den Fragebögen von 28,9 (± Standardabweichung der Differenz 15,3) % mit einer oberen Grenze der 95 %-Übereinstimmung von 58,8 % und einer unteren Grenze der 95 %-Übereinstimmung von −1,0 %. Im rNPQ‑D erzielten die Teilnehmer:innen einen Score von im Mittel 60,7 %, im EKPQ einen Score von im Mittel 31,8 %.

Schlussfolgerung
Der neu konstruierte Fragebogen EKPQ scheint ein reliables und valides Instrument zu sein, um PSB-orientierte Überzeugungen von Therapeut:innen zu Schmerzen zu erfassen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen darüber hinaus, dass ein hohes Wissen über Schmerzneurophysiologie im rNPQ eine PSB-Orientierung nicht ausschließt. Ob der EKPQ neben dem rNPQ als zusätzliches Assessment zur Überprüfung von Überzeugungen zu Schmerzen dienen kann, sollte zukünftig mit passenden Studiendesigns, z. B. Delphi-Studie, untersucht werden.

Graphic abstract
Resilienz durch bauliche Hochwasservorsorge – Eine kritische Analyse des Rechtsrahmens nach den Hochwasserereignissen vom Juli 2021
Authors: Faßbender Kurt 
Published: October 2023

ZusammenfassungWelche Gefahren und Schäden die klimabedingt zunehmenden Hochwasserereignisse verursachen können,
ist erst vor kurzem durch die Überschwemmungen in Österreich und Slowenien erneut deutlich geworden.
In Deutschland haben zuletzt die Hochwasserereignisse vom Juli 2021 gezeigt, dass der geltende Rechtsrahmen
keine hinreichende Resilienz zu gewährleisten vermag. Vor diesem Hintergrund werden im Folgenden die
Regelungen zur baulichen Hochwasservorsorge sowie deren Vollzug kritisch analysiert und Ansätze zur
Lösung präsentiert. Dabei plädiert der Beitrag unter anderem dafür, den Wiederaufbau
nach einem Hochwasser kritisch zu überdenken und unter Berücksichtigung von Rückzugsoptionen
positiv zu gestalten.
Straftaten gegen Luchse in Deutschland – eine Bestandsaufnahme
Authors: Gerhold Sönke Florian , Aschermann Johannes 
Published: October 2023

ZusammenfassungAls Hauptgrund für die Stagnation der Populationsentwicklung des Eurasischen Luchses in Deutschland
wird in der ökologischen Fachliteratur die illegale Tötung von Luchsen genannt. Dennoch ist in
der Bundesrepublik bis heute nicht eine einzige Person rechtskräftig wegen eines solchen Tatvorwurfs
verurteilt worden. Die Hintergründe dessen sind unklar. Der vorliegende Beitrag erläutert daher
unter Bezugnahme auf die tatsächlichen Erkenntnisse über die Populationsentwicklung sowie das
Hell- und Dunkelfeld von Luchstötungen in Deutschland das auf Luchse anwendbare Recht und untersucht,
ob dieses jedenfalls theoretisch eine ausreichende Handhabe gegen Luchswilderer bietet.
A new technique to derive tight convex underestimators (sometimes envelopes)
Authors: Locatelli M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe convex envelope value for a given function f over a region X at some point $$\textbf{x}\in X$$

x
∈
X

can be derived by searching for the largest value at that point among affine underestimators of f over X. This can be computed by solving a maximin problem, whose exact computation, however, may be a hard task. In this paper we show that by relaxation of the inner minimization problem, duality, and, in particular, by an enlargement of the class of underestimators (thus, not only affine ones) an easier derivation of good convex understimating functions, which can also be proved to be convex envelopes in some cases, is possible. The proposed approach is mainly applied to the derivation of convex underestimators (in fact, in some cases, convex envelopes) in the quadratic case. However, some results are also presented for polynomial, ratio of polynomials, and some other separable functions over regions defined by similarly defined separable functions.
Training software architects suiting software industry needs: A literature review
Authors: Pantoja Yépez Wilson Libardo , Hurtado Alegría Julio Ariel , Bandi Ajay , Kiwelekar Arvind W. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe ability to define, evaluate, and implement software architectures is a fundamental skill for software engineers. However, teaching software architecture can be challenging as it requires students to be involved in real-context projects with high degrees of complexity. This involves making trade-off decisions among several quality attributes. Furthermore, the academic perception of software architecture differs from the industrial viewpoint. To address this issue, a study was conducted to identify and analyze the strategies, challenges, and course experiences used for teaching software architectures. The study analyzed 56 articles reporting on teaching experiences focused specifically on software architectures or focused on software engineering in general but discussing software architecture. The main contributions of this work include identifying strategies used in educating software architecture students aligned with the needs of the software industry. These strategies include short design projects, large development projects, and projects with actual clients. Additionally, the study compared curriculum contents in software development and architecture courses and identified recurring topics such as architecture patterns, quality attributes, and architectural views. This study also recognizes the set of skills that students of software architecture should develop during training, such as leadership and negotiation. The challenges in software architecture training were discussed, such as instructors’ lack of experience in actual projects, the abstract and fuzzy nature of software architectures, and the difficulty of involving clients and industry experts. Evaluation methods commonly used in training software architects, such as surveys, pre-test/post-test, and quality metrics on architectural artifacts, were identified and described. Overall, this study guides researchers and educators in improving their software architecture courses by incorporating strategies reported by the literature review. These strategies can bring architecture courses closer to the needs and conditions of the software industry.
Violent video games: content, attitudes, and norms
Authors: Andersson Alexander , Milam Per-Erik 
Published: October 2023

AbstractViolent video games (VVGs) are a source of serious and continuing controversy. They are not unique in this respect, though. Other entertainment products have been criticized on moral grounds, from pornography to heavy metal, horror films, and Harry Potter books. Some of these controversies have fizzled out over time and have come to be viewed as cases of moral panic. Others, including moral objections to VVGs, have persisted. The aim of this paper is to determine which, if any, of the concerns raised about VVGs are legitimate. We argue that common moral objections to VVGs are unsuccessful, but that a plausible critique can be developed that captures the insights of these objections while avoiding their pitfalls. Our view suggests that the moral badness of a game depends on how well its internal logic expresses or encourages the players’ objectionable attitudes. This allows us to recognize that some games are morally worse than others—and that it can be morally wrong to design and play some VVGs—but that the moral badness of these games is not necessarily dependent on how violent they are.
Sensory Symptoms and Signs of Hyperarousal in Individuals with Fragile X Syndrome: Findings from the FORWARD Registry and Database Multisite Study
Authors: Lachiewicz Ave M. , Stackhouse Tracy M. , Burgess Kristin , Burgess Debra , Andrews Howard F. , Choo Tse-Hwei , Kaufmann Walter E. , Kidd Sharon A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study was designed to increase our understanding about characteristics and the impact of sensory symptoms (SS) and signs of hyperarousal (HA) in individuals with fragile X syndrome (FXS) from childhood through early adulthood and by gender. Data derived from the Fragile X Online Registry With Accessible Research Database (FORWARD), a natural history study of FXS, were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multivariate linear and logistic regression models to examine SS and signs of HA, their impact on behavioral regulation and limitations on the subject/family. The sample (N = 933) consisted of 720 males and 213 females. More males were affected with SS (87% vs. 68%) and signs of HA (92% vs. 79%). Subjects who were endorsed as having a strong sensory response had more comorbidities, including behavioral problems. The predominant SS was difficulty with eye gaze that increased with age in both genders. As individuals age, there was less use of non-medication therapies, such as occupational therapy (OT)/physical therapy (PT), but there was more use of psychopharmacological medications and investigational drugs for behaviors. Multiple regression models suggested that endorsing SS and signs of HA was associated with statistically significantly increased ABC-C-I subscale scores and limited participation in everyday activities. This study improves our understanding of SS and signs of HA as well as their impact in FXS. It supports the need for more research regarding these clinical symptoms, especially to understand how they contribute to well-known behavioral concerns.