bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endochondral ossification in fracture callus during long bone repair: The localisation of ‘cavity‐lining cells’ within the cartilage
Authors: Ford Joanna L. , Robinson Derek E. , Scammell Brigitte E. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractSuccessful fracture healing typically involves the production of a cartilaginous callus, which is eventually remodelled into new bone. The blood vessels in the advancing front of endochondral ossification are likely to play an important role in the replacement of cartilage with bone within the callus. This was investigated by histology and immunohistochemistry techniques carried out on rabbit tibial osteotomy tissue. Cavities within the cartilage were identified by histology and in many cases, there appeared to be vascular structures within them, identified by the immunolocalisation of the transmembrane proteins CD31 and CD34. Osteocalcin localisation and Alizarin red histology was carried out to identify ‘osteoblastic’ cells and mineral localisation within the cartilaginous callus respectively.However, it was the identification of a population of cells lining the cavities within the cartilage that became the main focus of this study. These cells were ‘osteoblastic’ in nature, (positive localisation of osteocalcin), and were also positive for the adhesion proteins CD31 and CD34. It is thought that these cells play a role in the conversion of cartilage to bone during the fracture healing process. © 2003 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
The effectiveness of polyethylene versus titanium particles in inducing osteolysis in vivo
Authors: von Knoch Marius , Jewison Donna E. , Sibonga Jean D. , Sprecher Christoph , Morrey Bernard F. , Loer Franz , Berry Daniel J. , Scully Sean P. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractBearing surface wear and periprosthetic osteolysis due to wear particles are among the most common reasons for joint replacement failure. A murine calvarial model of wear particle‐induced osteolysis has been used to identify different biologic factors associated with this problem and to test nonsurgical methods of modulating the host response to particulate debris. This model has utilized titanium particles, however, in clinical practice the most common source of particulate debris is polyethylene particles from bearing surface wear. We now report a calvarial model of wear particle‐induced osteolysis based on commercially available polyethylene particles. We found that compared to sham surgery osteoclast recruitment and bone resorption can be induced by introduction of the titanium particles or polyethylene particles. However, bone resorption was significantly higher with polyethylene particles compared to titanium particles (p = 0.02).We consider the polyethylene based murine calvarial model of wear particle‐induced osteolysis a reliable and clinically relevant tool to understand the host factors and potential pharmacologic interventions that can influence wear debris generated osteolysis. This model might serve as an extension of the well‐established titanium based bone resorption model. © 2003 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
A three‐dimensional MRI analysis of knee kinematics
Authors: Patel Vikas V. , Hall Katherine , Ries Michael , Lotz Jeff , Ozhinsky Eugene , Lindsey Colleen , Lu Ying , Majumdar Sharmila 
Published: October 2003

AbstractPurpose: To quantify normal, in vivo tibio‐femoral knee joint kinematics in multiple weight bearing positions using non‐invasive, high‐resolution MRI and discuss the potential of developing future kinematic methods to assess patients with abnormal joint pathologies.Methods: Ten volunteers with clinically normal knees pushed inferiorly on the footplate of a weight bearing apparatus inside the MR scanner. The volunteers held the weight (133 N) for five scans as the knee motion was evaluated from 0° to 60° of flexion. Full extension was set as the zero point for all measured parameters. Using 3D reconstructions, tibia motion relative to the femur and flexion angle was measured as varus–valgus angle, axial rotation, anterior–posterior translation, and medial–lateral translation. Medial and lateral compartment tibio‐femoral contact areas were examined and centroids of the contract areas were calculated.Results: Tibial internal rotation averaged 4.8° at 40° of flexion and then decreased. Tibial valgus increased by 8° at 60° of flexion. Femoral roll back also increased to 18.5 mm average at 60° of flexion, while the tibia translated medially 2.5 mm. Medial compartment femoro‐tibial contact area started at 374 mm2 and decreased to 308 mm2 with flexion of 60°, while lateral compartment contact area did not change significantly from 276 mm2.Conclusions: Results correlate with previous studies of knee kinematics while providing greater three‐dimensional detail. MR imaging allows excellent non‐invasive evaluation of knee joint kinematics with weight bearing. This tool may potentially be used for assessing knee kinematics in patients with knee pathology. © 2003 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
ANALYTIC–NUMERICAL SOLUTIONS WITH A PRIORI BOUNDS FOR MATRIX–VECTOR PARABOLIC PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
Authors: Jódar Lucas , Marletta Marco 
Published: October 2003

AbstractWe consider a parabolic matrix–vector system in which the diffusion matrix may be time dependent. For the time-independent case we construct approximate solutions with guaranteed error bounds using spectral information from certain matrix–vector Sturm–Liouville problems. For the time-dependent case we employ an approximation procedure which reduces the problem, on each time-step, to the time-independent case. We give an algorithm which may be used a priori at each time-step in the time-dependent case to guarantee accuracy to a specified tolerance.AMS 2000 Mathematics subject classification: Primary 35C10; 35M10. Secondary 15A
CONTINUED FRACTIONS WITH BOUNDED PARTIAL QUOTIENTS
Authors: Davison J. L. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractPrecise bounds are given for the quantity$$ L(\alpha)=\frac{\limsup_{m\rightarrow\infty}(1/m)\ln q_m}{\liminf_{m\rightarrow\infty}(1/m)\ln q_m}, $$where $(q_m)$ is the classical sequence of denominators of convergents to the continued fraction $\alpha=[0,u_1,u_2,\dots]$ and $(u_m)$ is assumed bounded, with a distribution.If the infinite word $\bm{u}=u_1u_2\dots$ has arbitrarily large instances of segment repetition at or near the beginning of the word, then we quantify this property by means of a number $\gamma$, called the segment-repetition factor.If $\alpha$ is not a quadratic irrational, then we produce a specific sequence of quadratic irrational approximations to $\alpha$, the rate of convergence given in terms of $L$ and $\gamma$. As an application, we demonstrate the transcendence of some continued fractions, a typical one being of the form $[0,u_1,u_2,\dots]$ with $u_m=1+\lfloor m\theta\rfloor\Mod n$, $n\geq2$, and $\theta$ an irrational number which satisfies any of a given set of conditions.AMS 2000 Mathematics subject classification: Primary 11A55. Secondary 11B37
MULTIPLE SOLUTIONS FOR A CLASS OF QUASILINEAR ELLIPTIC PROBLEMS
Authors: Ó João Marcos do , Ubilla Pedro 
Published: October 2003

AbstractWe deal with a class of $p$-Laplacian Dirichlet boundary-value problems where the combined effects of ‘sublinear’ and ‘superlinear’ growths allow us to establish the existence of at least two positive solutions.AMS 2000 Mathematics subject classification: Primary 35J25; 35J60. Secondary 35J65; 35J70
EQUILIBRIUM POINTS FOR A SYSTEM INVOLVING M-ACCRETIVE OPERATORS
Authors: Chidume C. E. , Osilike M. O. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractLet $E$ be a real uniformly smooth Banach space and let $A$ be a nonlinear $\phi$-strongly quasi-accretive operator with range $R(A)$ and open domain $D(A)$ in $E$. For a given $f\in E$, let $A$ satisfy the evolution system $\rd u(t)/\rd t+Au(t)=f$, $u(0)=u_0$. We establish the strong convergence of the Ishikawa and Mann iterative methods with appropriate error terms recently introduced by Xu to the equilibrium points of this system. Related results deal with the strong convergence of the iterative methods to the fixed points of $\phi$-strong pseudocontractions defined on open subsets of $E$.AMS 2000 Mathematics subject classification: Primary 47H06; 47H15; 47H17
ON THE REMAK HEIGHT, THE MAHLER MEASURE AND CONJUGATE SETS OF ALGEBRAIC NUMBERS LYING ON TWO CIRCLES
Authors: Dubickas A. , Smyth C. J. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractWe define a new height function $\mathcal{R}(\alpha)$, the Remak height of an algebraic number $\alpha$. We give sharp upper and lower bounds for $\mathcal{R}(\alpha)$ in terms of the classical Mahler measure $M(\alpha)$. Study of when one of these bounds is exact leads us to consideration of conjugate sets of algebraic numbers of norm $\pm 1$ lying on two circles centred at 0. We give a complete characterization of such conjugate sets. They turn out to be of two types: one related to certain cubic algebraic numbers, and the other related to a non-integer generalization of Salem numbers which we call extended Salem numbers.AMS 2000 Mathematics subject classification: Primary 11R06
HALL SUBGROUPS AND STABLE BRAUER CHARACTERS
Authors: Navarro Gabriel 
Published: October 2003

AbstractLet $H$ be a Hall $\pi$-subgroup of a finite $\pi$-separable group $G$, and let $\alpha$ be an irreducible Brauer character of $H$. If $\alpha(x)=\alpha(y)$ whenever $x,y \in H$ are $p$-regular and $G$-conjugate, then $\alpha$ extends to a Brauer character of $G$.AMS 2000 Mathematics subject classification: Primary 20C15; 20C20
UNBOUNDED 2-HYPEREXPANSIVE OPERATORS
Authors: Jabłonski Zenon J. , Stochel Jan 
Published: October 2003

AbstractIt is shown that most properties of (bounded) completely hyperexpansive operators remain valid for unbounded $2$-hyperexpansive operators. Powers of closed $2$-hyperexpansive operators are proved to be closed and $2$-hyperexpansive. Various parts of spectra of such operators are calculated. $2$-hyperexpansive weighted shifts are investigated. Examples of unbounded closed $2$-hyperexpansive ($2$-isometric) operators with invariant dense domains are established.AMS 2000 Mathematics subject classification: Primary 47A05; 47B37. Secondary 47B20; 47B10
A CHARACTERIZATION OF THE HARMONIC BLOCH SPACE AND THE HARMONIC BESOV SPACES BY AN OSCILLATION
Authors: Yoneda Rikio 
Published: October 2003

AbstractWe characterize the Bloch space and the Besov spaces of harmonic functions on the open unit disc $D$ by using the following oscillation:$$ \sup_\{\beta(z,w)\ltr\}(1-|z|^2)^{\alpha}(1-|w|^2)^{\beta}\biggl|\frac{\hat{D}^{(n-1)}h(z)-\hat{D}^{(n-1)}h(w)}{z-w}\biggr|, $$where $\alpha+\beta=n$, $\alpha,\beta\in\mathbb{R}$ and $\displaystyle{\hat{D}^{(n)}=(\partial^{n}/\partial^{n}z+\partial^{n}/\partial^{n}\bar{z})}$.AMS 2000 Mathematics subject classification: Primary 46E15
RESPONSE OF CASSAVA TO PROLONGED WATER STRESS IMPOSED AT DIFFERENT STAGES OF GROWTH
Authors: El-Sharkawy M. A. , Cadavid L. F. 
Published: October 2003

A two-year field trial was conducted to study the effects of prolonged water stress on cassava (Manihot esculenta) productivity, and on nutrient uptake and use efficiency. Four contrasting cultivars were supplied with adequate fertilization and watering, except when water was excluded by covering the soil with plastic sheets for different periods, depending on treatment: from two to six months, four to eight months, or from six to twelve months after planting (early, mid-season and terminal stress respectively). Sequential harvests were made at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 12 months after planting to determine leaf area index and shoot and root biomass. At final harvest, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium concentrations in shoots and storage roots were determined.During both early and mid-season stress, leaf area index and shoot and root biomass were significantly smaller than those in the controls across all cultivars. After recovery from stress, leaf area index was greatly enhanced with less dry matter allocated to stems, and root yields approached those in the controls. One cultivar, CMC 40, had greater final root yield under stress treatments. Nutrient concentration in roots and shoots was less in all cultivars with early stress and resulted in higher nutrient use efficiency in all elements for root production. The same trend was observed under mid-season stress, except for nitrogen concentration, which remained unchanged.Terminal stress did not affect leaf area index, but reduced the shoot biomass in all cultivars. Final root yields were smaller than those in the controls except for CMC 40 whose final root yield was greater under stress. Nitrogen concentration was greater in root biomass but less in shoot biomass of all cultivars, resulting in lower nitrogen–use efficiency for root production. Across cultivars, only potassium- and magnesium-use efficiencies were greater than in the controls. CMC 40 was the only cultivar with consistently greater use efficiency of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium for root production under terminal stress. This higher nutrient use efficiency was due, mainly, to a greater root production rather than to smaller nutrient concentration. This cultivar is suitable as a gene source for improving cassava in order to maximize root production per unit nutrient extracted under stressful environmental conditions.
Effects of crossbred ewe genotype and ram genotype on lamb meat quality from the lowland sheep flock
Authors: DAWSON L. E. R. , CARSON A. F. , MOSS B. W. 
Published: October 2003

A study was carried out on five lowland farms in Northern Ireland over 2 years to investigate the effects of crossbred ewe and ram genotype on lamb meat quality. Four ewe genotypes were sourced from six hill farms – Bluefaced Leicester×Blackface (BLXB), Texel×Blackface (TXB), Suffolk×Cheviot (SXCH) and Texel×Cheviot (TXCH). On each farm groups of 20–30 of each crossbred ewe genotype were crossed with Suffolk or Texel sires. Within each of the ram breeds, high lean growth index rams sourced from UK sire reference schemes (SRS) were compared with rams sourced from flocks not involved in objective genetic improvement programmes (control). Throughout the 2 years of the study the ewes lambed at 1 and 2 years of age. Lambs from each of the crosses were slaughtered at 36, 44 and 52 kg live weight. Meat from lambs slaughtered at 36 kg had lower a* values (15.1) than meat from lambs slaughtered at 52 kg (17.0 S.E. 0.47) (P<0.05). Ewe genotype had no effect on any parameter of meat quality measured. The carcasses of lambs sired by Suffolk rams had a higher pHU than lambs sired by Texel rams (5.70 v. 5.65; S.E. 0.014; P<0.05) and hue angle was lower (P<0.05) in Suffolk-sired lambs (32.9°) compared with Texel-sired lambs (35.1°) (S.E. 0.62°). Warner–Bratzler shear force was lower in SRS-sired lambs (2.05 kg/cm2) compared with control-sired lambs (2.36 (S.E. 0.096) kg/cm2; P<0.05). Carcasses from male lambs had a greater cooking loss (217 g/kg) than from female lambs (196 S.E. 5.7 g/kg) (P<0.01) and meat from male lambs had greater values for Warner–Bratzler shear force (2.44 kg/cm2) than from female lambs (1.97 S.E. 0.098 kg/cm2) (P<0.001). Low, but statistically significant (P<0.05) correlations were obtained between carcass fat measurements and meat quality parameters (r = −0.29 for the relationship between cooking loss and fat depth over the gluteus mediusP<0.001); r = 0.21 for the relationship between fat classification and C* values P<0.01). When meat quality parameters for each of the fat classes were averaged, significant linear regressions (P<0.05) were obtained between fat classification and pHU, a* and C* values.
On the Tail of the Panther: Black Power and the 1967 Convention of the National Conference for New Politics
Authors: HALL SIMON 
Published: October 2003

Addressing the opening night rally of the National Conference for New Politics (NCNP) Convention on 31 August 1967, the executive director William F. Pepper informed the several thousand delegates that:Historians may well count your presence here as the most significant gathering of Americans since the founding of our nation. Never before have so many Americans, from so many different living conditions, come from so many diverse sections of the land to dedicate themselves to the rebuilding, indeed to the reclamation of their government and their destinies.Pepper concluded his remarks by declaring that “it may well be that what you begin here may ultimately result in a new social, economic and political system in the United States.” Outside the auditorium a bongo group was chanting “Kill Whitey.” The convention was one of the most ambitious attempts to forge a broad political alliance of antiwar organisations, New Left insurgents and the radical wing of the civil rights movement in 1960s America. It was planned by the NCNP, a co-ordinating organisation that hoped for a fundamental reconstitution of the American socio-economic and political order. Scholars have largely ignored the NCNP, and although the 1967 convention makes brief appearances in the literature it is generally portrayed as a farcical horror show. However, the motives behind, events of, and reaction to the convention reveals much about “the movement” in late sixties America.
Bishop Richard Fox's Manuscript Gifts to his Winchester Nuns: A Second Surviving Example
Authors: ERLER MARY C. 
Published: October 2003

To regularise and strengthen female monastic life in his Winchester
diocese, in the early sixteenth century Bishop Richard Fox made
a new translation of the Rule of St Benedict explicitly for women. He
had it printed by Richard Pynson in 1517, thus taking advantage of the
ability of the printing press to provide multiple copies for all the members
of the four Hampshire womens' houses he addressed: St Mary Winchester
(Nunnaminster), Wherwell, Romsey and Wintney.In addition to these printed copies Bishop Fox provided additional
manuscript books for each of the four houses, as his preface to the Rule tells
us: ‘And by cause we wolde not/that there shulde be any lacke amongis
them of the bokis of this sayd translation/we haue therfore/aboue and besyde
certayne bokes ther of/which we haue yeven to the sayde monasteris: caused it to be
emprinted’ [italics mine] (sig. Aiiv).
Downstream and upstream influence in river meandering. Part 2. Planimetric development
Authors: ZOLEZZI G. , SEMINARA G. 
Published: October 2003

Perturbations of channel geometry (like variations of channel curvature or channel
width) in meandering rivers give rise to morphodynamic effects which display themselves
through the development of large-scale perturbations of bottom topography in
the form of stationary bars developing in the longitudinal direction. The latter may
then drive the lateral migration of the channel by enhancing bank erosion at bar
pools: through this mechanism local perturbations of channel geometry may affect
the planimetric development of meandering rivers on large timescales. The problem
tackled herein is whether such morphodynamic influence is invariably felt downstream
as the commonly employed model of river meandering would suggest.In order to solve this problem, we derive the exact solution of the linearized form of
the mathematical problem of river morphodynamics. Linear analysis had pointed out
the existence of a resonance phenomenon: in a linear (hence ideal) context, resonance
occurs when the meander wavenumber and the width ratio of the channel take values
(λR and βR, respectively) such as
to force free spatial modes of the system consisting
of free bars which neither grow nor decay either in time or in space. Channels
characterized by values of the width ratio β larger (smaller) than βR are called
super- (sub-)resonant. The present solution, which applies to channels with constant
width and arbitrary curvature distribution, shows that two distinct scenarios may
occur: downstream influence is associated with sub-resonant channels and vice versa
dominant upstream influence occurs in super-resonant channels. Small-amplitude
waves of bottom topography are shown to migrate downstream in the former case
and may migrate upstream in the latter, as resonance also defines the threshold
conditions below (above) which small-amplitude alternate bar perturbations (may)
migrate downstream (upstream).These results have several implications. In the present paper we examine the
overdeepening phenomenon whereby abrupt variations of channel curvature, as in
sequences of straight and constant curvature reaches, lead to sequences of stationary
alternate bars with amplitude decaying in the longitudinal direction. We show
that, along with downstream overdeepening, an upstream overdeepening scenario is
predicted in the super-resonant regime.Implications of the upstream influence on planimetric development of meandering
rivers are investigated in Part 2.
The erosion of a distributed two-dimensional vortex in a background straining flow
Authors: LEGRAS BERNARD , DRITSCHEL DAVID G. , CAILLOL PHILIPPE 
Published: October 2003

Herein we present a simplified theory for the behaviour of a vortex embedded in
a growing external straining flow. Such a flow arises naturally as a vortex moves
relative to other vortices. While the strain may generally exhibit a complex time
dependence, the salient features of the vortex evolution can be understood in the
simpler context, studied here, of a linearly growing strain. Then, all of the typical
stages of evolution can be seen, from linear deformation, to the stripping or erosion
of low-lying peripheral vorticity, and finally to the breaking or rapid elongation of
the vortex into a thin filament.When, as is often the case in practice, the strain growth is slow, the vortex adjusts
itself to be in approximate equilibrium with the background flow. Then, the vortex
passes through, or near, a sequence of equilibrium states until, at a critical value of
the strain, it suddenly breaks. In the intermediate period before breaking, the vortex
continuously sheds peripheral vorticity, thereby steepening its edge gradients. This
stripping is required to keep the vortex in a near equilibrium configuration.We show that this behaviour can be captured, quantitatively, by a reduced model,
the elliptical model, which represents the vortex by a nested set of elliptical vorticity
contours, each having a (slightly) different aspect ratio and orientation. Here, we have
extended the original elliptical model by allowing for edge vorticity levels to be shed
when appropriate (to represent stripping) and by incorporating the flow induced by
the vorticity being stripped away. The success of this model proves that the essential
characteristics of vortex erosion are captured simply by the leading-order, elliptical
shape deformations of vorticity contours.Finally, we discuss the role of viscosity. Then, there is a competition between
gradient steepening by stripping and smoothing by viscosity. If the strain grows too
slowly, the vortex is dominated by viscous decay, and the edge gradients become
very smooth. On the other hand, for sufficiently rapid strain growth (which can still
be slow, depending on the viscosity), the vortex edge remains steep until the final
breaking.