bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mesin Pencacah Pakan Serbaguna untuk Peternak Kambing di Desa Telaga Sari Kecamatan Sunggal
Authors: Manurung Nelson , Hutabarat Hutabarat , Panjaitan Berman P , Situngkir Anggiat 
Published: December 2023

Hijauan makanan ternak (forages) merupakan bahan makanan atau pakan utama bagi kehidupan ternak serta merupakan dasar dalam usaha pengembangan peternakan. Untuk meningkatkan produktivitas ternak, salah satu faktor yang harus di perhatikan adalah penyediaan pakan hijauan sepanjang tahun baik kualitas maupun kuantitas yang cukup agar pemenuhan kebutuhan zat-zat makanan ternak untuk mempertahankan kelestarian hidup, keutuhan alat tubuh ternak dan tujuan produksi dapat berkesinambungan. Desa Telaga Sari, yang memiliki luas wilayah 2,63 km2, sebagian besar penduduknya hidup dari pertanian dan peternakan, khususnya ternak kambing. Peternak termasuk mitra pengabdian umumnya masih menggunakan cara tradisional dalam penyiapan makanan ternaknya dengan peralatan pisau arit dalam mencari dan memberi rumput sebagai pakan kambing tanpa dicacah sehingga banyak pakan yang tersisa. Untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut tim pelaksana menyediakan mesin pencacah rumput dan sekaligus memberikan pelatihan untuk pengoperasian mesin tersebut. Hasil demonstrasi di lapangan menunjukkan mesin dapat mencacah 300 kg/jam dan hasil cacahan yang awalnya kurang diminati kambing akhirnya semakin terbiasa dengan pakan hasil cacahan dan pakan yang terbuang dari celah kandang jauh berkurang jumlahnya.
Upaya Pencegahan Stunting dengan Melakukan Sosialisasi Literasi Digital dan Demo Masak Puding Jagung Sehat di Kelurahan Beji, Kecamatan Taman, Kabupaten Pemalang
Authors: Hambali Imam , Cahyo Duwik Nur , Humairoh Siti Hazar , Fadhillah Anindita Alya F. , Andari Rachma Yuni , Hafani Ana , Fadhila Lestari Nur , Elly Suhail , Dami Nur Anisa , A. Jannah Ayu Fitrah , Mubarrok Muhammad Najib 
Published: December 2023

Stunting merupakan permasalahan serius yang mempengaruhi pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak pada usia dini . Berdasarkan data ePPGBM, angka stunting di Pemalang tahun 2021 sebesar 10,35 persen, pada tahun 2022 menjadi 9,84 persen.Sedangkan, berdasarkan data SSGI pada tahun 2021 sebesar 24,7 persen, dan pada tahun 2022 mengalami penurunan menjadi 19,8 persen. Sehingga, Pemerintah Kabupaten Pemalang pada tahun 2024 siap menyambut zero stunting. Khususnya di Kelurahan Beji yang menjadi objek utama Mahasiswa KKN-T Universitas Alma Ata untuk melakukan penyuluhan stunting bahwa data stunting di Kelurahan Beji pun zero stunting Sosialisasi ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan dan menganalisis hasil dari dua kegiatan yang diadakan di Kelurahan Beji, Kecamatan Taman, Kabupaten Pemalang, Jawa Tengah.Metode yang digunakan pada sosialiasi ini melalui tiga tahap yaitu koordinasi ,pelaksanaan,dan evaluasi. Hasil dari penelitian ini akan memberikan gambaran tentang efektivitas kedua kegiatan tersebut dalam meningkatkan literasi digital masyarakat serta kesadaran akan pentingnya gizi yang baik untuk mencegah stunting.
An atypical location for Malignant Triton Tumor – a case report
Authors: Baía Catarina , Martins Pedro , Serralva Mário , Pinto Paula , Marques Mariana , Silva José Carlos , Cardoso Maria João , Costa João , Afonso Mariana , Videira José Flávio , Moreira Augusto , Sousa Joaquim Abreu de 
Published: December 2023

The authors report a case of a 52-years-old female patient, without personal or family history of genetic diseases, referred to our institution after an atypical gastrectomy with R2 resection for a gastric tumor suspected to be a GIST. Histopathological review was performed and a diagnosis of a high-grade soft tissue neoplasm with rhabdomyoblastic differentiation, compatible with malignant Triton tumor was rendered. After excluding residual disease, the patient was proposed to adjuvant chemotherapy. Two months later, a follow-up CT-scan showed a local recurrence, with no metastatic spread. After multidisciplinary team decision, she was submitted to R0 resection of the tumor consisting on total gastrectomy and splenectomy. Histopathological examination confirmed the recurrence of the malignant Triton tumor of gastric wall, with free margins. The patient was proposed for surveillance and currently there is no evidence of recurrent disease after 18-months.
This case highlights the importance of referral to a specialized sarcoma center in order to achieve a precise preoperative diagnosis and then a R0 resection. In our case, an R0 resection has resulted in the absence of disease recurrence during the 18-month. Furthermore, to the best of our knowledge, no malignant Triton tumor arising in the stomach has been published so far.
The Doctor-Patient relationship: A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Konda Meghana , Gould Murdoc , Mangal Rohan , Daniel Anjali , Stead Thor , Ganti Latha 
Published: December 2023

Objective Doctor-patient communication is an essential clinical practice necessary to improve overall patient experience and their adherence to treatment. This form of communication involves first, listening without interruptions and then, conveying information in a clear and concise manner. Methods A bibliometric analysis was conducted on publications extracted from the Web of Science database related to doctor-patient communication from 2012 to 2022 using the VOSviewer 1.6.15 software to visualize trends. Results 20,376 articles were from 2012 to 2022 met the inclusion criteria of being recognized by the search phrase “physician-patient communication.” Throughout the defined time period, USA, Canada, and Germany consistently took the top three positions in terms of publishing the most articles regarding the topic. Additionally, the Patient Education and Counseling Journal was the journal with the most publications regarding the topic. Innovation A bibliometric analysis is a relatively novel way to frame research in a given area. It allows researchers to analyze trends in publication, and capture data from multiple disciplines. Conclusion The number of articles published annually regarding doctor-patient communication has constantly been increasing from 2012-2022, demonstrating its importance as a crucial component of effective health care.
INFORMATION SYSTEM OF COMMUNITY SERVICES IN THE LAND OFFICE OF CENTRAL LAMPUNG REGENCY
Authors: Mirantika Fika , Apsiswanto Untoro , Saputri Tri Aristi 
Published: December 2023

Badan Pertanahan Nasional Kabupaten Lampung Tengah City (BPN) is a government organization specializing in land certificates services for general public. With The system currently operated is not working optimally. That can be seen from the delay in processing data. This is because BPN Kabupaten Lampung Tengah doesn’t use database in its system. Besides,without the use of database can causing Double land certificate problem thats been happening in the past. Therefore, it needs a solution in its system that can overcome the problem, facilitate BPN Kabupaten Lampung Tengah in accomplishing its duties by using application program that can accelerate certificate processing services. The writer uses Science based research method on available theory and the research design in study type, whereas data collection methods were interview, observation, and literature study related to the investigated problem. The system development model used was waterfall and by structural approach method with aids such as flowmap, DFD, etc. The writer tried to propose a solution where improvement was conducted on database that facilitates BPN Kabupaten Lampung Tengah conducting land certificates processing services. This approach was in conformity with necessity in building or designing an alternative land certificate information system Using Web and localhost server for application program. The finding of this research was alternative Land Certificate proccessing system that could overcome the mentioned problem by using database so that data searching process becomes easier and quicker. The data base system could also minimize user errors, and report preparation becomes more efficient and can be accessed at any time. The weakness of this research was that not online, whereas its advantage was the achievement of all stated goals and limitations.
TRANSITION TO DIGITALIZATION OF THE PROVISION OF STATE AND MUNICIPAL SERVICES, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS
Authors: Морозова Ю.С. , Шуликов А.О. 
Published: December 2023

ПЕРЕХОД К ЦИФРОВИЗАЦИИ ПРЕДОСТАВЛЕНИЯ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫХ И МУНИЦИПАЛЬНЫХ УСЛУГ, ПРОБЛЕМЫ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ
TRANSITION TO DIGITALIZATION OF THE PROVISION OF STATE AND MUNICIPAL SERVICES, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS
COMPARATIVE DYNAMICS OF SOME INDICATORS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE KAMCHATKA REGION
Authors: Дьяков М.Ю. 
Published: December 2023

СРАВНИТЕЛЬНАЯ ДИНАМИКА НЕКОТОРЫХ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ УСТОЙЧИВОГО РАЗВИТИЯ КАМЧАТСКОГО КРАЯ
COMPARATIVE DYNAMICS OF SOME INDICATORS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE KAMCHATKA REGION
OPPORTUNITIES TO INCREASE THE COMPETITIVENESS OF THE UNIVERSITY IN THE CONDITIONS OF DIGITALIZATION OF THE ADMISSION CAMPAIGN (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE “KAMCHATKA STATE UNIVERSITY NAMED BY VITUS BERING”)
Authors: Дробенко С.П. 
Published: December 2023

ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ ПОВЫШЕНИЯ КОНКУРЕНТОСПОСОБНОСТИ ВУЗА В УСЛОВИЯХ ЦИФРОВИЗАЦИИ ПРИЕМНОЙ КАМПАНИИ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ ФГБОУ ВО «КАМГУ ИМ. ВИТУСА БЕРИНГА»)
OPPORTUNITIES TO INCREASE THE COMPETITIVENESS OF THE UNIVERSITY IN THE CONDITIONS OF DIGITALIZATION OF THE ADMISSION CAMPAIGN (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE “KAMCHATKA STATE UNIVERSITY NAMED BY VITUS BERING”)
DATA-DRIVEN APPROACH IN RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT BEACH AREAS OF PRIMORSKY TERRITORY
Authors: Хобта К.В. , Тюрина Е.А. 
Published: December 2023

DATA-DRIVEN ПОДХОД В ИССЛЕДОВАНИИ И УПРАВЛЕНИИ ПЛЯЖНЫМИ ТЕРРИТОРИЯМИ ПРИМОРСКОГО КРАЯ
DATA-DRIVEN APPROACH IN RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT BEACH AREAS OF PRIMORSKY TERRITORY
Pembelajaran Model STEM-PjBL untuk Meningkatkan kemampuan Problem Solving Siswa SMK Geologi Pertambangan
Authors: Nasyrullah Much , Rif’at Mohamad , Sudiansyah Sudiansyah 
Published: December 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan meningkatkan serta mengembangkan kemampuan problem solving siswa SMK pada konsentrasi keahlian Geologi pertambangan dengan penerapan pengetahuan dan keterampilan dalam situasi nyata melalui pembelajaran Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics - Project-based Learning (STEM-PjBL). Bentuk Penelitian tindakan pedagogis (Pedagogical Action Research) menurut Stringer, E. T (2009). Yang bertujuan untuk mendorong siswa agar mampu memecahkan masalah matematika pada konsentrasi keahlian Geologi pertambangan, memperbaiki proses dan hasil pembelajaran, serta perbaikan layanan dan bimbingan pada siswa guna meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran. Hasil penelitan menunjukan Kemampuan problem solving matematis siswa mengalami peningkatan yang signifikan setelah menggunakan pembelajaran melalui STEM PjBL. Rata-rata persentase pencapaian pada lima indikator semula 25,28% setelah pembelajaran Silkus I meningkat menjadi 45,98% (naik 20,70%) setelah pembelajaran siklus II meningkat menjadi 94,52% (Naik 48,55%).
Hubungan Dukungan Sosial Guru dengan Student Engagement pada Siswa SMK PGRI 2 Palembang
Authors: Sari Siska Nopita , Itryah Itryah 
Published: December 2023

Dunia pendidikan semakin berkembang seiring dengan perkembangan zaman. Kebutuhan akan pendidikan saat ini diharapkan berpotensi melahirkan generasi yang mampu bersaing dengan perkembangan zaman dan unggul dalam bidang ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi. Siswa harus berusaha semaksimal mungkin untuk terus terlibat dengan semua materi pembelajaran yang diberikan oleh guru di sekolah. Student engagement diartikan sebagai keterlibatan siswa secara kognitif, afektif, dan behavioral dalam aktivitas pembelajaran di kelas guna meningkatkan hasil belajar serta perkembangan siswa Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi student engagement adalah faktor sekolah termasuk didalamnya adalah dukungan sosial dari guru. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara dukungan sosisla guru dengan student engagement pada siswa SMK PGRI 2 Palembang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif. Teknik pengambilan data yang digunakan adalah simple random sampling, dengan jumlah populasi 174 siswa dengan sampel sebanyak 114 siswa. Alat ukur yang digunakan adalah skala student engagement dan skala dukungan sosial guru. Teknik analisa menggunakan teknik analisis regresi linear sederhana dengan bantuan SPSS versi 20 for windows, menunjukkan koefisien korelasi (r) sebesar 0,325 determinasi (R square) sebesar 0,106 serta nilai p=0,000. Hasil analisa menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara dukungan sosial guru dengan student engagement, dengan sumbangan sebesar 10,6%.
PENGARUH HEALTH EDUCATION TERHADAP TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN LANSIA TENTANG MANFAAT VAKSINASI COVID 19 DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS LASALIMU SELATAN KABUPATEN BUTON
Authors: Lisnawati Lisnawati , Ari Nofitasari  , Anisa Purnamasari  , Cici Yusnayanti  , Amzal Mortin Andas  
Published: December 2023

Pencapaian angka vasinasi pada lansia belum mencapai target yang telah di tentukan, hal ini disebabkan oleh kurangnya pengetahuan lansia tentang manfaat Vaksin Covid-19 terutama pada lansia di desa Lasalimu Selatan Kabupaten Buton. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh Health Education terhadap Pengatahuan Lansia tentang manfaat Vaksin Covid-19. Metode Penelitian yang digunakan adalah one-group pre test and post test desing, dengan menggunakan kuesioner untuk menggetahui Pengaruh Health Education Terhadap Tingkat Pengetahuan Lansia Tentang Manfaat Vaksinasi Covid 19. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh lansia yang berjumlah 546 orang di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Lasalimu Selatan Kabupaten Buton adapun sampel penelitian sebanyak 28 responden. Berdasarkan Uji Paired Sample T-test pada tabel 8 di atas, menunjukan tingkat pengetahuan responden sebelum dilakukan tindakan health education didapatkan nilai rata-rata yaitu 37,35 dengan nilai standar deviasi 6.595. Kemudian tingkat pengetahuan sesudah dilakukan tindakan health education didapatkan nilai rata-rata yaitu 79,75 dengan nilai standar deviasi 4,376 dengan interval kepercayaan 95% ( α = 0,05 ) didapatkan hasil nilai p value 0,000 ≤ 0,05 yang dimana Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima, berarti dalam hal ini menunjukan ada pengaruh health education terhadap tingkat pengetahuan lansia tentang manfaat vaksinasi covid-19 diwilayah kerja puskesmas lasalimu selatan kabupaten buton
Skrining Fitokimia Sayur Bening Daun Kelor (Moringa Oleifera)
Authors: Yopi Suryatim Pratiwi  , Sri Handayani  , Yesvi Zulfiana  
Published: December 2023

Introduction: The mortality rate is an important health indicator and reflects the degree of health in an area. The Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) in Indonesia is still high. The infant mortality rate is largely due to nutritional factors. Some diseases that arise due to malnutrition include pneumonia, diarrhea, and perinatal. Exclusive breastfeeding can reduce infant morbidity and mortality. The most common reason found in breastfeeding mothers who stop breastfeeding is due to insufficient milk production. Utilization of plants/vegetables such as Moringa Oleifera is often used by the community to increase milk production. The most widely used processing of Moringa Oleifera by nursing mothers is to make it a clear vegetable. The aim of this study was to screen for phytochemicals on the clear vegetables of Moringa Oleifera.
Methods: The method in this study was to carry out laboratory tests on clear vegetable Moringa Oleifera consisting of 150 grams of Moringa Oleifera, 750 cc of water, and salt to taste. Alkaloid screening used Mayer's and Dragendorff's reagents, while steroids used acetic acid, anhydrous and concentrated H2SO4 reagents.
Results: The results showed that the clear vegetable of Moringa oleifera showed the content of alkaloid and steroid compounds.
Conclusion: Utilization of clear vegetable moringa leaves is an alternative that can be used to overcome the problem of insufficient milk production, besides being cheap and easy to obtain.
Suggestion: Future researchers are advised to conduct research that can be directly applied to breastfeeding mothers to prevent failure of exclusive breastfeeding due to insufficient milk production.
Justice collaborator status in murder based on Law Number 31 of 2014
Authors: Hakim Luqmanul , Hermansyah Erwin Owan , Sulastri Lusia 
Published: December 2023

Provisions regarding Justice Collaborator are regulated in Law Number 31 of 2014 concerning the Protection of Witnesses and Victims. In practice, it is not uncommon for the role of Justice Collaborator to be applied inappropriately. For example, in the case of Bharada Richard Eliezer Pudihang Lumiu. This study aims to examine and analyze the determination of justice collaborator according to Law Number 31 of 2014 and examine and analyze the ideal construction of determining the status of justice collaborator for perpetrators of premeditated murder crimes. This study uses normative juridical research with secondary data in the form of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The results showed that the determination of the status of justice collaborator in the Brigadier Joshua murder case by the defendant Ricard Eliezer the application for Justice Collaborator status should have been rejected by the panel of judges, where the crime of premeditated murder was not included in the category of cases that qualified as Justice Collaborator based on the provisions of Law Number 31 of 2014, but for the sake of disclosure of the case, and in order to fulfill the responsibility of judges in carrying out their main duties and functions, to enforce the law optimally in order to fulfill a sense of justice, expediency and legal certainty. The Justice Collaborator system for premeditated murder perpetrators requires clearer, more detailed legal rules, as per the rule of law, legality, and certainty theories, compared to arrangements in America, Italy, and Hong Kong.
Aromaterapia no combate ao estresse universitário: estudo clínico com óleo essencial de lavanda e bergamota
Authors: Deiss Nicole , Oliveira Naylla Catharine Tavares , Sousa Maria Julia dos Santos , Otaviano Divino José , Panontin Juliane Farinelli 
Published: December 2023

A vida universitária está associada ao aumento do estresse devido às demandas acadêmicas, que podem evoluir em perturbações no equilíbrio hormonal, especialmente no nível do cortisol, um hormônio que atua na regulação do estresse. Diante dessa perspectiva, o objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar a ação dos óleos essenciais de lavanda (OEL) e bergamota (OEB) na modulação do cortisol, TSH e T4 livre de universitários. Para isso, 30 estudantes de cursos da saúde da ULBRA, campus Palmas (TO) foi dividido em três grupos: controle negativo (CN) sem inalador, OEL e OEB com inalador nasal contendo o óleo essencial de Lavandula angustifolia e Citrus bergamia, respectivamente, três vezes ao dia, durante 45 dias entre setembro e outubro de 2023. Durante esse período, foram feitas quatro (4) coletas sanguíneas quinzenais, antes e durante o uso do inalador, para a dosagem dos níveis hormonais. Os resultados evidenciaram que a média do cortisol inicial do CN foi 27.4±7.67 e a média do cortisol final foi de 18.9±11.92. No OEL inicial foi 26.6±11.5 e final 22.7±13.2. Para o OEB inicial foi 29.0±7.04 e a final foi 14.8±8.21. Conclui-se que não houve diferença estatística no CN e OEL, apenas no OEB. Portanto, OEB produz efeitos benéficos na regulação do estresse, bem como da taxa metabólica, estabelecendo-se como uma ferramenta eficaz no controle do estresse em universitários.
Estudo da viabilidade da Clorofilina na inibição de cepas de Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ATCC 9080), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6359) e Klebsiella pneumoniae (KPC LBM 83) através da atividade fotodinâmica
Authors: Erzinger Gilmar Sidnei , Rodrigues Luan Gesser , Strauch Sebastian Michel 
Published: December 2023

No atual contexto da sociedade contemporânea, cada vez mais os olhares da saúde pública estão voltados para a qualidade de vida das pessoas, tornando assim, indispensável a busca crescente por controles microbianos de eficiência e sem efeitos adversos, bem como, alternativas sustentáveis, a fim de preservar o ambiente em que vivemos. As bactérias Staphylococcus aureus e Klebsiella pneumoniae são microrganismos que podem prejudicar a qualidade de vida dos seres humanos, em especial, aos que possuem alguma debilitação imunológica prévia, o controle dessas espécies é dificultado pelas características patogênicas que elas apresentam e especialmente pela capacidade de resistência aos fármacos atuais. Por outro lado, a levedura Saccharomyces cerevisiae, que é amplamente utilizada na indústria cervejeira, pode ocasionar danos ao meio ambiente, como a utilização de diversos produtos tóxicos para que seja realizada a limpeza da fábrica, bem como, necessita de uma grande demanda de água para que ocorra o processo de higienização. O presente estudo visa utilizar uma abordagem diferente do convencional para controlar o crescimento in vitro das três espécies aqui já mencionadas, desta maneira, utilizou-se a terapia fotodinâmica, que em suma é o uso de um fotossensibilizador e uma fonte de luz visível com a intenção de gerar toxicidade. Como resultados pode se observar que a Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ATCC 9080): apresentou as concentrações de 5 a 10 mg/L de clorofilina obteve-se uma média de 29,50 (±4,89) min para obter efeito no controle bacteriano. Para a concentração de 2 mg/L o efeito necessitou 90, 31 minutos de exposição, podendo ter atividade bacteriostática ou bactericida em diferentes exposições à luz frente a clorofilina. A bactéria Gram positiva Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6359) também respondeu bem ao controle fotodinâmico e também obteve atividade bacteriostático ou bactericida em diferentes exposições à luz frete a clorofilina., porém menos sensível que a levedura necessitando maior concentração de clorofilina e maior tempo de exposição a luz. A bactéria Gram negativa bactéria Klebsiella pneumoniae (KPC LBM 83) não apresenta sensibilidade para ação da clorofilina frente à exposição da luz. Os resultados obtidos neste trabalho demonstraram o potencial de controle de microrganismos semelhantes aos obtidos na literatura para outras espécies.
Investigation of Social Construction of Violence and Exploitation: A Case Study of Children and Women in Gowa Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Ariani Andi Itrma , Salman Darmawan , Syukur Muhammad 
Published: December 2023

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate social construction of children and women within the cycle of violence and exploitation in the Gowa Regency, Indonesia.

Theoritical Framework: The high incidence of violence against children and women is a worrying concern in Gowa Regency, Indonesia. In this context, the influence of power and the operation of social constructs contribute to the increased occurrences related to the internalization of values within a society. Previous results were analyzed from a medical perspective but did not examine this crime as part of social construction.

Method: A case study method was used by conducting interviews with 18 children and women in the regency. The data analysis method was conducted in stages: (1) thematic analysis of interview results to identify main categories related to violence against children and women, (2) analysis of the main themes in each sample; (3) cross-theme analysis to determine commonalities and differences, allowing for the generalization of themes across the three cases, children labor exploitation, and women as victims of divorce.

Result and Conclusion: The results showed that there was a distressing phenomenon of children being socially constructed as sex workers. A critical contributing factor to verbal violence against women in households is the normalization of such violence by husbands within the framework of marital relationships.

Implication of Research: The process of social construction, with its stages of internalization, objectification, and externalization, preserved the image of women as victims of violence within the confines of official marriages.

Originality/value: This study presented the theoretical concept of violence against children and women at a substantive level.