bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health patterns of proto‐Byzantine populations (6th–7th centuries AD) in south Greece: the cases of Eleutherna (Crete) and Messene (Peloponnese)
Authors: Bourbou C. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractUp to now, only scattered information exists about the history and bioarchaeology of proto‐Byzantine Greece, since no abundant records or major excavation projects refer to this turbulent period in question, highly marked by historical, social, economic and environmental changes. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of historical and environmental changes (i.e. invasions, natural disasters, such as earthquakes) on the health status of the once living populations at Eleutherna and Messene and to determine the subgroups within the population that were more at risk. The results of the anthropological and palaeopathological study revealed interesting aspects on health and disease. The observed pathological conditions suggest the differential adaptation ability of past populations to the changing environment; while the settlement of Eleutherna is abandoned during the first half of the 7th century AD, that of Messene enjoys a prosperous life until the early 9th century AD. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stable isotope analysis in Neolithic Greece and possible implications on human health
Authors: Papathanasiou A. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThis study compares the diet of Greek Neolithic populations to determine the relationship between nutrition and pathology during the transition to agricultural economy. Stable isotope analysis of carbon and nitrogen from human bone collagen and carbonate apatite was used on 102 samples representing six populations, three coastal, (Alepotrypa, Franchthi, Kephala), and three inland, (Theopetra, Tharrounia, Kouveleiki). The results, namely the very negative carbon values, the low nitrogen values, and the intermediate values of the difference between carbonate and collagen carbon readings, strongly indicate the consumption of a diet focused on C3 terrestrial resources, including mainly agricultural plants and almost certainly some animals. Marine foods were a minor part of the diet of all sites. Furthermore, the small range of values implies homogeneity in their diet. The analysis suggests that Neolithic Greece, regardless of geographic location, was occupied by agricultural groups with primarily terrestrial subsistence strategy with only occasional exploitation of animal and marine protein resources. Nutritionally, the combination of cereals and pulses is a rich source of energy, protein and amino‐acids, but does not supply all the required vitamins and iron. Based on the aforementioned data an attempt was made to determine the impact of such a diet on human health. The most prevalent pathological conditions among Greek Neolithic populations are mild cribra orbitalia and porotic hyperostosis, anaemic conditions resulting from increased production of red blood cells, in response to different kinds of anaemia of genetic or nutritional origin or/and in combination with bacterial and parasitic diseases. Even though this study does not provide a direct association between health and diet, it corroborates evidence that diet cannot be excluded as a contributing factor to the observed anaemic conditions, which can possibly be attributed to iron deficiency anaemia. However, hereditary anaemia is excluded by the pathological manifestation of the lesions, while parasitism and bacterial load can interfere and, therefore, it must be checked if they are contributing factors as well. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Meningioma probable reason for trephination
Authors: Smrčka V. , Kuželka V. , Melková J. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe incomplete human skull with a trephined hole in the right frontal bone region was identified in 1997 among the collections of the Municipal Museum in Sedlčany. The calvaria of Sedlčany dated back to the period AD 1298–1550 years (14C calibrated age is 528±126 yr BP). The smooth edges of the entire hole indicate a healing process has occured. We can distinguish the application of three surgical techniques in the described trephined hole on the right side of the frontal bone region of the calvaria. The skull is that of a man over 50 years old. ‘Grooving’ remained visible mainly in the lower half of the trephined hole above the eye socket. Four tiny semicircular incisions in the upper edge of the hole probably represent traces of the ‘drilling’ technique. Thinning of the wall in the upper part of the hole was evidently caused by a ‘scraping’ technique. It is hypothesized that the medical reason for the trephination was to relieve the symptoms brought about by increased intracranial pressure caused by a dextral parasagittal meningioma. It is explained by an imprint of middle meningeal arteries. The groove produced by the right middle meningeal artery is deeper and wider than the one on the left side. The bone symptoms for meningioma consist of: a complex of the widened groove at the middle meningeal artery, relating to the cavity for a big Pacchionian (arachnoid) granulation situated along the superior sagittal venous sinus, completed by vascularization of diploe with three 1 mm foramina of vessels, and with a region of bone sclerosis visible in the X‐ray picture. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spin‐polarized fully relativistic linear combinations of Gaussian‐type orbitals calculations for fcc plutonium
Authors: Boettger Jonathan Carl 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe magnetic ordering of plutonium (Pu) in its fcc structure δ‐phase is investigated using the fully relativistic linear combinations of Gaussian‐type orbitals—fitting function (LCGTO‐FF) method, within the generalized‐gradient approximation to density functional theory. Three types of collinear spin orderings were considered: ferromagnetic, with spins aligned in the (001) direction; and two antiferromagnetic (001)‐layer structures, with spins aligned either perpendicular to each plane (001) or parallel to each plane (100). For each ordering, the total energy and spin moment were calculated with and without spin‐orbit coupling included. In both cases, the ground state is predicted to be antiferromagnetic. Adding spin‐orbit coupling acts to stabilize the (001) orientation relative to the (100) orientation. At zero pressure, the antiferromagnetic (001) state is bound relative to the nonmagnetic state by roughly 40 mRy per atom. The zero‐pressure lattice constant obtained here for the antiferromagnetic (001) state (8.69 bohr) is in substantially better agreement with the measured lattice constant (8.80 bohr) than is the nonmagnetic lattice constant (8.12 bohr). © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2003
Semiempirical valence‐bond resonance energies for alternant conjugated hydrocarbons containing four‐membered rings
Authors: Wu Jian , Schmalz T. G. , Klein D. J. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractResonance energies of alternant conjugated hydrocarbons containing six‐membered and four‐membered rings are discussed via the semiempirical valence bond (VB) theory. After generating the higher‐order effective VB model according to cluster‐expansion theory, the aromaticity or antiaromaticity of the above compounds is quantified in a correct manner. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2003
Binary phosphorus–carbon compounds: The series P4C3+8n
Authors: Claeyssens Frederik , Oliva Josep M. , May Paul W. , Allan Neil L. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe structure and stability of periodic solid phosphorus carbide phases P4C3+8n (n = 0–4) are studied at zero and high pressure using periodic density functional theory as implemented in the codes SIESTA and CASTEP. For each composition a range of structures is examined, including both defective diamond‐like and graphitic‐like structures. At zero pressure the lowest energy structure for P4C3 (n = 0) is defect zinc blende, whereas for compositions richer in carbon (n > 0) defect graphitic phases in which some carbon atom are bonded to three phosphorus neighbors are the most stable. We relate the relative stability of the different structures to the bonding and compare the corresponding nitrogen analogues. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2003
Corollary to the Hohenberg–Kohn theorem
Authors: Pan Xiao‐Yin , Sahni Viraht 
Published: October 2003

AbstractAccording to the Hohenberg–Kohn theorem, there is an invertible one‐to‐one relationship between the Hamiltonian
of a system and the corresponding ground‐state density ρ(r). The extension of the theorem to the time‐dependent case by Runge and Gross states that there is an invertible one‐to‐one relationship between the density ρ(rt) and the Hamiltonian (t). In the proof of the theorem, Hamiltonians /(t) that differ by an additive constant C/function C(t) are considered equivalent. Because the constant C/function C(t) is extrinsically additive, the physical system defined by these differing Hamiltonians /(t) is the same. Thus, according to the theorem, the density ρ(r)/ρ(rt) uniquely determines the physical system as defined by its Hamiltonian /(t). Hohenberg–Kohn, and by extension Runge and Gross, did not however consider the case of a set of degenerate Hamiltonians {}/{(t)} that differ by an intrinsic constant C/function C(t) but which represent different physical systems and yet possess the same density ρ(r)/ρ(rt). The intrinsic constant C/function C(t) contains information about the different physical systems and helps differentiate between them. In such a case, the density ρ(r)/ρ(rt) cannot distinguish between these different Hamiltonians. In this article we construct such a set of degenerate Hamiltonians {}/{(t)}. Thus, although the proof of the Hohenberg–Kohn theorem is independent of whether the constant C/function C(t) is additive or intrinsic, the applicability of the theorem is restricted to excluding the case of the latter. The corollary is as follows: degenerate Hamiltonians {}/{(t)} that represent different physical systems, but differ by a constant C/function C(t), and yet possess the same density ρ(r)/ρ(rt), cannot be distinguished on the basis of the Hohenberg–Kohn/Runge–Gross theorem. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2003
Gray code and the initialization problem of NMR quantum computers
Authors: Sawae Ryuichi , Sakata Toshio , Tei Minaru , Takarabe Kenichi , Manmoto Yoshinori 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe initialization of states is of importance in nuclear magnetic resonance quantum computing systems. In this article it is shown that the initialization ofn‐qubits states can be realized via a sequence of controlled‐not quantum gates from any mixed state. We present a general algorithm and its optimization to construct a circuit of controlled‐not quantum gates that realizes the initialization using the concept of Gray Codes. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2003
Quasiparticle approximations and electron propagator theory
Authors: Ortiz J. V. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractA comparison of quasiparticle concepts arising from the Dyson equation of electron propagator theory and from orbital functional theory shows close relationships between self–energy expressions in the former to correlation potentials in the latter. Detailed formulae are presented for second‐order theories with general occupation numbers. Limitations of the Dyson and Landau quasiparticle concepts in the context of perturbative correlation formulae are discussed. Numerical results on N2, H2O, and their valence ionization energies are presented. Comparisons are made between total energy differences, orbital energies, and transition operator results. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2003
Retroengineering bacteriorhodopsins: Design of smart proteins by bionanotechnology
Authors: Renugopalakrishnan V. , Strzelczyk A. , Li Pingzou , Mokhnatyuk A. A. , Gursahani Sachin H. , Nagaraju Mahesh , Prabhakaran M. , Arjomandi H. , Lakka Shoba L. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractProteins are naturally occurring nanosystems endowed with diverse properties and functions. Biotechnology affords means of modifying proteins to alter their properties and hence their function. Bionanotechnology is a rapidly emerging area of research with challenging opportunities and formidable challenges. Light‐activated proteins, e.g., bacteriorhodopsin, manifest state changes when subjected to light, which can be exploited to store information in the range of terabytes. We describe the retroengineering of bacteriorhodopsin by rational site‐specific mutagenesis to enhance its thermal and photochemical properties. Bacteriorhodopsin‐based memory systems are amenable to writing and reading information at comparable speeds. With silicon‐based technologies reaching their technological limits, protein‐based memory systems are one viable alternate technology for the future. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2003
Generalized tight‐binding approach for molecular electronics modeling
Authors: Zhang X.‐G. , Krstić P. S. , Butler W. H. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractWe discuss a generalized tight‐binding approach for transport calculations in molecular electronics. The parameters of the tight‐binding model are directly calculated from ab initio quantum chemistry calculations for a molecular tunneling device. A Green's function approach based on the Caroli formula is used to calculate the transport properties. Our approach is unique in that it readily separates contributions to the total tunneling current from individual Bloch eigenstates (transverse electronic modes or channels) of the electrodes, thus providing a powerful tool in understanding how tunneling is affected by the electronic structure of the electrodes and molecule. The tight‐binding model also allows us to show that the placement of the Fermi energy in the electrodes can change the tunneling conductance by orders of magnitude. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2003
Doing business in Switzerland
Authors: Lhabitant François‐Serge 
Published: October 2003

AbstractSituated at the crossroads of Europe, Switzerland is an ideal example of a successful multicultural and
multilingual society living in a harmonized way. This article provides a comprehensive review of
Switzerland's historical development, political structure, economy, investment, and foreign trade
environment. It aims at being a useful source of information for foreign businessmen and investors interested in
doing business in Switzerland, one of the most advantageous business locations in Europe. © 2003 Wiley
Periodicals, Inc.
Workforce diversity initiatives of U.S. multinational corporations in Europe
Authors: Egan Mary Lou , Bendick Marc 
Published: October 2003

AbstractAlthough most U.S. multinational corporations have substantial workforce diversity management programs in
their U.S. operations, they are only beginning to consider parallel efforts in their overseas subsidiaries and
affiliates. The internationalization issue is particularly prominent in the European Union, where competitive,
demographic, legal, and political developments make workforce diversity issues unavoidable within the next few
years. Instead of simply replicating U.S. programs, however, diversity initiatives in Europe need to adapt to
each employer's strategic objectives, degree of organizational integration, and local needs. The experiences
of Lucent Technologies Inc. and The Royal Dutch/Shell Group of Companies illustrate two contrasting
approaches. The former has adopted a strongly multidomestic strategy, while the latter has a more global
approach. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Similarities and differences in human resource management in the European Union
Authors: Claus Lisbeth 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThis study explores similarities and differences in human resource management (HRM) in the European
Union (EU). Common factors in the development of European HRM are the importance of consultation, the
emergence of flexible work patterns, the role of work and the employer in the life of employees, and the
introduction of the Euro. National, company, and regional factors create divergence in European HRM. National
factors include societal hierarchy, different cultures and mental models, societal structure, and language.
Company factors include size of companies, public versus private, and multinational or local. Regional factors
differentiate along north‐south and east‐west axes. The EU had relatively little impact on HRM in
terms of harmonization of labor and tax laws but had major impact on the opening up of markets to foreign
competition and privatization of public sector companies. While cultural diversity remains strong, the influence
of large multinational companies may lead to more regional integration in the practice of HRM. European HRM is
much more comfortable operating in a polycentric mode than U.S. HRM, which seeks universality and standardization.
© 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dispelling some myths: Uncertain and multiple paths to globalization
Authors: Clark Eugene 
Published: October 2003

AbstractBrink Lindsey. 2002.Against the Dead Hand: The Uncertain Struggle for Global Capitalism. New York: John Wiley & Sons. 336 pages; ISBN 0‐471‐44277‐1.Peter Hall & David Soskice (Eds.). 2001.Varieties of Capitalism: The Institutional Foundations of Comparative Advantage. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 540 pages; ISBN 0‐199‐24775‐7.
Neue Entwicklungen beim Hohlkatoden‐Gasflusssputtern. New Developments in Hollow Cathode Gas Flow Sputtering
Authors: Ortner Kai , Birkholz Mario , Jung Thomas 
Published: October 2003

AbstractDie Gasflusssputtertechnik, vor einigen Jahren insbesondere zur kostengünstigen Herstellung hochwertiger Keramikschichten entwickelt, ist in der Zwischenzeit wesentlich leistungsfähiger geworden. Die im Laborbetrieb erreichte Reife ermöglicht nun den Einsatz in industriellen Fertigungsprozessen. Der vorliegende Artikel gibt einen Überblick über das bislang noch wenig bekannte Verfahren, seine Eigenschaften und die vielfältigen Einsatzmöglichkeiten.
On the inverse conductivity problem in the half space
Authors: Ciulli S. , Pidcock M.K. , Sebu C. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractWe present an analytic treatment of the inverse problem of reconstructing the electrical conductivity of the lower half space from electrical measurements performed on its surface. As the domain under consideration is infinite, the inversion requires the knowledge of data up to infinite distances. One way of overcoming this problem is to approximate the half space by a large cylinder and to use an asymptotic estimate for data at large distances. We have transformed the governing differential equation into an integral equation and regularized it by the use of a priori information. In this way we obtain a stable Fredholm integral equation of the second kind for a regularized conductivity distribution. This equation can be solved either numerically or by using its eigenfunctions which we have computed explicitly.
A cell‐centered FVM for the two‐dimensional Stokes equation
Authors: Vanselow R. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractWir stellen eine neue Finite‐Volumen‐Methode (FVM) für die zweidimensionale Stokes‐Gleichung vor und geben eine zugehörige nichtkonforme Finite‐Elemente‐Methode (FEM) an, für die das entstehende lineare Gleichungssystem äquivalent dem dieser FVM ist. Numerische Experimente mit der FVM zeigen, dass die Geschwindigkeit für spezielle Verteilungen der Diskretisierungspunkte konvergiert, obwohl die Dimension des Lösungsraums für den Druck größer als 1 ist, allerdings nicht für alle “guten” Verteilungen. Trotzdem scheint damit in gewissen Fällen eine Konvergenzanalysis dieser FVM wie für die FEM mit dem Q1 ‐ P0‐Element möglich.
On the solution of the triple correlation equation
Authors: v. Wolfersdorf L. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe paper presents an analytic treatment of the triple correlation equation which occurs in spectroscopy. By means of the Fourier transformation the nonlinear integral equation is reduced to a functional equation in two variables. For the solvability of this functional equation necessary and sufficient conditions are derived and the complex‐valued solution of the equation is given in closed form. Thereby the determination of the argument of the solution function (the phase) is carried out with the aid of the bounded solution to a related functional equation in a single variable.
Wall effects with slip
Authors: Ramkissoon H. , Rahaman K. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe creeping motion of a spheroidal particle at the instant it passes the centre of a spherical container has been examined using a general slip condition at the surface of the particle. The shape of the spheroid deviates slightly from that of a sphere at its surface. A first‐order expression has been obtained for the stream function characterizing the flow field and this expression has been utilized to evaluate the drag on the spheroid. Special cases are deduced and wall effects then examined.
Captive animal liability: 19th century foundations and 20th century modifications
Authors: Bannor Brett 
Published: October 2003

AbstractTwo important legal milestones concerning liability for keeping animals in captivity occurred in the years 1879–1881. These were the publication of The Common Law by Oliver Wendell Holmes, and the United States Supreme Court's decision in The Congress and Empire Spring Company v. Ann P. Edgar. Holmes declared that the liability one incurs for maintaining potentially dangerous animals is absolute. The Court's decision noted that wild animals not normally considered ferocious, such as deer, can be considered “domestic” under the law if they are tame, with a corresponding reduction in liability. A brief examination is presented of how the doctrine of captive animal liability was modified in the 20th century to reflect the difference between wild animals kept by a private individual and those maintained by a reputable zoological park. Zoo Biol 22:489–496, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Growth and development of the Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii) at Healesville Sanctuary, Victoria, Australia
Authors: Phillips B.T. , Jackson S.M. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractA study of the growth and development of the Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii) was undertaken on a litter born at Healesville Sanctuary in Healesville, Victoria, Australia. Measurements of crown–rump length, head length, and head width were recorded every week from birth. Body weight was recorded weekly once the joeys were detached from the teat at 142 days of age, until 218 days of age. The growth curves revealed an initial linear increase in crown–rump lengths until approximately 60 days of age, when the gradient increased, while head length and head width showed a largely linear increase with age. The appearances of various morphological characteristics were also recorded. Zoo Biol 22:497–505, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.