bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forsteritic olivine in EH (enstatite) chondrite meteorites: A record of nebular, metamorphic, and crystal‐lattice diffusion effects
Authors: McKibbin Seann J. , Hecht Lutz , Makarona Christina , Huber Matthew , Terryn Hermann , Claeys Philippe 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe occurrence of forsteritic olivine in EH enstatite chondrites is indicative of bulk disequilibrium. In MgO‐rich magmatic systems, forsterite can either crystallize as a liquidus phase or be produced during peritectic melting of enstatite. Because diffusion of divalent cations through forsterite is relatively rapid, it records peak melting (i.e., chondrule‐forming events) and is also sensitive to subsequent metamorphism in the EH chondrite parent body. Here, we report the major and minor element geochemistry of olivine in EH chondrites across petrologic types 3 and 4. In all cases, olivine meets the technical definition of forsterite (>90 mole% Mg2SiO4). For unequilibrated EH chondrites, minor elements identify CaO‐Al2O3‐TiO2‐rich (refractory forsterite), MnO‐rich (“LIME” forsterite), and FeO‐bearing (forsteritic olivine) endmember components, the latter with Cr2O3‐rich and Cr2O3‐poor varieties. At higher petrologic type, minor element concentrations become restricted and compositions approach pure forsterite, while grain sizes reduce strongly with peak metamorphic temperatures. These changes reflect diffusive equilibration with enstatitic groundmass and dissolution reaction with free silica. The global geochemical distribution of forsteritic olivine in EH chondrites is, perhaps unexpectedly, more similar to those in low‐FeO type I chondrules and associated objects in carbonaceous chondrites (CCs), rather than equivalent objects in ordinary (H, L, LL), low‐FeO (or HH), or Kakangari (K) chondrites. Among achondrites, there is similarity between pure forsterite in aubrites and EH4 chondrites arising due to subsolidus equilibration in both settings, while Cr2O3‐poor forsteritic olivine in EH3 and CCs is similar to magnesian xenocrystic olivine in angrites. This might reflect CaO‐rich and SiO2‐poor magmatic sources across multiple early solar system reservoirs.
“The faculty was really hearing what I had to say and really validating who I was”: Learning from validation theory to support students of colour in undergraduate medical education
Authors: Blalock A. Emiko , Ozdemir Sevil , Garcia Aldana Julia , Lyons Elizabeth Guerrero 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundMedical students of colour face numerous challenges during their undergraduate training period, reflecting the harmful norms and cultures in the learning context of medical school. Despite negative experiences for students of colour in medicine, there are episodes of support and encouragement that come from faculty or staff. This asset‐based qualitative study uses Rendón's Validation Theory to illuminate specific ways faculty at a community‐based medical college support medical students of colour, thereby challenging structural injustices in medical school.MethodsThis study is grounded in a humanising and asset‐based perspective, where participants are viewed as legitimate knowers from whom researchers can learn. Twenty‐four medical students of colour and 14 faculty identified by students as supportive participated in five focus groups where participants shared how they felt validated and supported during their undergraduate medical school experiences. Inductive open‐coding followed by deductive thematic coding using Validation Theory—a theory that describes how external validation is a necessary component of fostering students' personal and academic drive—and literature about the context of medical school informed the three findings.FindingsThree major themes provide examples of ways faculty validated students. First, participants indicated the importance of acknowledging identities and experiences to understand the socio, historical and cultural context of learning. Second, participants implored the value of giving praise and offering encouragement to work against professional expectations. Finally, participants shared the intimacy of fostering personal relationships to reduce hierarchies.ConclusionThis study offers concrete guidance on teaching practices faculty can use to support students of colour. As medical schools may seek to move toward a more student‐centred approach, promoting feelings of validation for students of colour can be a key practice in teaching and learning to ensure support for medical students throughout their medical school journey.
Understanding teacher professional commitment from a positive psychology perspective: A case from Myanmar's Chinese language teachers
Authors: Peng Yue , Lou Kaiyang , Xiong Tao 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn response to the issue of Chinese language teacher attrition in Myanmar, this study aimed to examine the professional commitment of these teachers, with a focus on how their commitment is constructed and shaped within the local context. The study adopted a theoretical lens of positive psychology and utilized a hermeneutic phenomenological approach. Data was collected through semi‐structured interviews in which 10 participants shared their life stories. Thematic analysis was then conducted to identify key themes. The study proposed a positive‐psychology‐informed model with motivation, meaning, and perseverance as the three key components that interact with each other to jointly shape teachers’ professional commitment. In particular, motivation to teach is a precondition, the meaning‐making process functions as reinforcement, and perseverance in coping with adverse situations is the ultimate embodiment of teachers’ professional commitment. A common feature underlying this model has been traces of the teachers’ positive emotions, attitudes, and values. Furthermore, the study approached Chinese language teachers’ professional commitment in the situated context at cultural, societal, and institutional levels. The study yields theoretical implications for understanding teacher commitment and offers practical insights for addressing the issue of attrition among Chinese language teachers in Myanmar and similar contexts.
Comparative interactome mapping of Tau‐protein in classical and rapidly progressive Alzheimer's disease identifies subtype‐specific pathways
Authors: Younas Abrar , Younas Neelam , Iqbal Muhammad Javed , Ferrer Isidre , Zerr Inga 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimsTau is a key player in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other Tauopathies. Tau pathology in the brain directly correlates with neurodegeneration in AD. The recent identification of a rapid variant of AD demands an urgent need to uncover underlying mechanisms leading to differential progression in AD. Accordingly, we aimed to dissect the underlying differential mechanisms of toxicity associated with the Tau protein in AD subtypes and to find out subtype‐dependent biomarkers and therapeutic targets.MethodsTo identify and characterise subtype‐specific Tau‐associated mechanisms of pathology, we performed comparative interactome mapping of Tau protein in classical AD (cAD) and rapidly progressive AD (rpAD) cases using co‐immunoprecipitation coupled with quantitative mass spectrometry. The mass spectrometry data were extensively analysed using several bioinformatics approaches.ResultsThe comparative interactome mapping of Tau protein revealed distinct and unique interactors (DPYSL4, ARHGEF2, TUBA4A and UQCRC2) in subtypes of AD. Interestingly, an analysis of the Tau‐interacting proteins indicated enrichment of mitochondrial organisation processes, including negative regulation of mitochondrion organisation, mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilisation involved in programmed cell death, regulation of autophagy of mitochondrion and necroptotic processes, specifically in the rpAD interactome. While, in cAD, the top enriched processes were related to oxidation–reduction process, transport and monocarboxylic acid metabolism.ConclusionsOverall, our results provide a comprehensive map of Tau‐interacting protein networks in a subtype‐dependent manner and shed light on differential functions/pathways in AD subtypes. This comprehensive map of the Tau‐interactome has provided subsets of disease‐related proteins that can serve as novel biomarkers/biomarker panels and new drug targets.
Development and validation of prediction model for technique failure in peritoneal dialysis patients: An observational study
Authors: Ling Yue , Wang Le , Liu Xiaoqin , Wang Koushu , Ma Zufu , Yu Yang , Liu Wei , Liang Wangqun , Qian Kun , Xu Yulin , Zuo Xuezhi , Ge Shuwang , Yao Ying 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimThis study aimed to establish a prediction model in peritoneal dialysis patients to estimate the risk of technique failure and guide clinical practice.MethodsClinical and laboratory data of 424 adult peritoneal dialysis patients were retrospectively collected. The risk prediction models were built using univariate Cox regression, best subsets approach and LASSO Cox regression. Final nomogram was constructed based on the best model selected by the area under the curve.ResultsAfter comparing three models, the nomogram was built using the LASSO Cox regression model. This model included variables consisting of hypertension and peritonitis, serum creatinine, low‐density lipoprotein, fibrinogen and thrombin time, and low red blood cell count, serum albumin, triglyceride and prothrombin activity. The predictive model constructed performed well using receiver operating characteristic curve and area under the curve value, C‐index and calibration curve.ConclusionThis study developed and verified a new prediction instrument for the risk of technique failure among peritoneal dialysis patients.image
Preliminary study on the dynamic positron emission tomography imaging with 11C‐ER176 to delineate macrophage activation in diabetic gastroparesis
Authors: Maalouf Elisia , Khasawneh Hala , Karbhari Aashna , AlAsfoor Shefaa , Breen‐Lyles Margaret , Bernard Cheryl , Rajan Elizabeth , Farrugia Gianrico , Lowe Val , Goenka Ajit , Grover Madhusudan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundAnimal models and human data have suggested macrophage‐driven immune dysregulation in diabetic gastroparesis (DG). Translocator protein (TSPO) upregulation has been suggested to indicate activated state of macrophages and ER176 is a high affinity third generation TSPO‐specific radioligand. The aim of this study was to determine feasibility of dynamic 11C‐ER 176 PET to identify macrophage activation in DG.MethodsTwelve patients, all females, were recruited (4 DG, 4 diabetics, and 4 healthy volunteers) for 11C‐ER 176 PET/CT scanning. The standardized uptake value (SUVmax) in the gastric fundus, body, pylorus, and descending part of the duodenum were compared between three groups using Kruskal‐Wallis test to perform the comparisons, and a p‐value of 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Key ResultsAge was comparable among the three groups with a median of 53 years. The uptake was higher in pylorus in diabetics compared to DG and healthy (SUVmax healthy 4.6 ± 0.2, diabetics 8.4 ± 4.1, DG 5.5 ± 1.0, p = 0.04). The uptake was similar in gastric fundus (9.0 ± 1.6, 13.1 ± 8.3, 7.8 ± 1.9 respectively, p = 0.3), body (7.7 ± 1.9, 13 ± 9.2, 7.8 ± 1.9 respectively, p = 0.8), and duodenum (6.2 ± 2.1, 9.5 ± 6.8, 7.0 ± 1.8 respectively, p = 0.6). No correlation was observed between SUVmax uptake and either HbA1C or fasting blood glucose.Conclusions and InferencesFemale diabetic gastroparesis patients did not demonstrate increased TSPO ligand 11C‐ER 176 uptake in the stomach. Possible explanations include lack of specificity of ligand for specific macrophage phenotypes in DG, sex effect, or small sample size. Further studies investigating non‐invasive ways of analyzing immune dysregulation in neurogastrointestinal disorders are warranted.
Zoledronic acid enhances tumor growth and metastatic spread in a mouse model of jaw osteosarcoma
Authors: Nham Than‐Thuy , Guiho Romain , Brion Régis , Amiaud Jérôme , Le Royer Bénédicte Brounais , Gomez‐Brouchet Anne , Rédini Françoise , Bertin Hélios 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectivesInvestigation of the therapeutic effect of zoledronic acid (ZA) in a preclinical model of jaw osteosarcoma (JO).Materials and MethodsThe effect of 100 μg/kg ZA administered twice a week was assessed in a xenogenic mouse model of JO. The clinical (tumor growth, development of lung metastasis), radiological (bone microarchitecture by micro‐CT analysis), and molecular and immunohistochemical (TRAP, RANK/RANKL, VEGF, and CD146) parameters were investigated.ResultsAnimals receiving ZA exhibited an increased tumor volume compared with nontreated animals (71.3 ± 14.3 mm3 vs. 51.9 ± 19.9 mm3 at D14, respectively; p = 0.06) as well as increased numbers of lung metastases (mean 4.88 ± 4.45 vs. 0.50 ± 1.07 metastases, respectively; p = 0.02). ZA protected mandibular bone against tumor osteolysis (mean bone volume of 12.81 ± 0.53 mm3 in the ZA group vs. 11.55 ± 1.18 mm3 in the control group; p = 0.01). ZA induced a nonsignificant decrease in mRNA expression of the osteoclastic marker TRAP and an increase in RANK/RANKL bone remodeling markers.ConclusionThe use of bisphosphonates in the therapeutic strategy for JO should be further explored, as should the role of bone resorption in the pathophysiology of the disease.
Linear IgA bullous dermatosis of childhood: Retrospective single‐center cohort
Authors: Wang Katherine L. , Lehman Julia S. , Davis Dawn M. R. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractLinear IgA bullous dermatosis (LABD) is a rare autoimmune blistering disorder impacting children and adults. In this single‐center retrospective chart review of pediatric patients with LABD at a large tertiary referral center, we report the unifying and unique clinical features of 10 pediatric patients. Patients typically presented with the “cluster of jewels” sign (n = 6; 60%), mucous membrane involvement (n = 5; 50%) and had a mean disease duration of 38 months; six patients (60%) required inpatient admission for management of their skin disease, including all five patients who had mucous membrane involvement. Our findings suggest that pediatric LABD may be a disease with high morbidity and may be associated with severe complications when mucous membranes are involved.
Risk management opportunities in auto insurance: A focus on the value of vehicles
Authors: Ellingsworth Martin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRatemaking and risk‐based pricing revolve around the value at risk, involving a tendency of higher values implying higher premiums. Traditionally, vehicle values are set at “list price” and depreciate over time on a one‐size‐fits‐all factor model. If values change over time, so should premiums, but a single factor table that only goes downward to flat is out of sorts with today. In today's transactional data streams, vehicle features, and values can be easily observed—of note, a shift in product mix that has more options and higher retained values creates a gap in actual versus traditionally expected insurance values. This gap most acutely appears at the vehicle “as built” level, which is more granular than current segmentation levels of insurance ratemaking vehicle valuation analysis. The result is leaving companies to simply raise base rates universally until they can adapt more flexible price‐to‐value methods at an “as built” price accuracy sophistication level.
Patient communication protocols for sexually transmitted infections: A systematic review
Authors: Kirschnick Laura Borges , Calderipe Camila Barcellos , Villa Alessandro , Santana dos Santos Erison , Migliorati Cesar , Martins Manoela Domingues , Santos‐Silva Alan Roger 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimsWe conducted a systematic review of post‐test communication protocols and observational studies regarding counseling for a positive sexually transmitted infection (STI) result and also discuss the role of dental specialist (e.g., oral medicine) in this sense.Methods and ResultsThe search process followed the parameters of PRISMA 2020 guidelines. MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, EMBASE, and LILACS were consulted with a specific search strategy for each one. Additionally, the references of the included studies, grey literature, and experts were consulted. Four protocols and 18 observational studies were included in this systematic review, published between 1997 and 2022 in the Americas and Europe. The communication protocols emphasized the importance of conducting personal and private discussions with patients to address their fears and questions. Among the observational studies, 56% indicated that post‐test counseling was either ineffective or absent. Furthermore, 22% of the studies used telephone communication to deliver results to patients.ConclusionsOur study showed that the communication process of a positive STI result affects the patients in several aspects, as treatment adherence and their relationship with the community. Nevertheless, this process of STI post‐test communication seems to be flawed, which brings potential negative effects to patients.
An analysis of real‐time suicidal ideation and its relationship with retrospective reports among young people with borderline personality disorder
Authors: Andrewes Holly E. , Cavelti Marialuisa , Hulbert Carol , Cotton Susan M. , Betts Jennifer K. , Jackson Henry J. , McCutcheon Louise , Gleeson John , Davey Christopher G. , Chanen Andrew M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntroductionThis study aimed to analyze the real‐time variability of suicidal ideation intensity and the relationship between real‐time and retrospective reports of suicidal ideation made on the Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSS), among young people with borderline personality disorder (BPD).MethodsYoung people (15–25‐year olds) with BPD (N = 46), recruited from two government‐funded mental health services, rated the intensity of their suicidal ideation six times per day for 7 days before completing the BSS.ResultsFor 70% of participants, suicidal ideation changed in intensity approximately five times across the week, both within and between days. BSS ratings were most highly correlated with the highest real‐time ratings of suicidal ideation. However, this was not significantly different from the relationship between the BSS and both the average and most recent ratings. Median ratings of suicidal ideation intensity were higher on the BSS compared with an equivalent question asked in real time.ConclusionFindings suggest that young people with BPD experience high levels of fluctuation in their intensity of suicidal ideation across a week and that retrospective reports of suicidal ideation might be more reflective of the most intense experience of suicidal ideation across the week.
Advancing gender inclusivity for Two‐Spirit, trans, nonbinary and other gender‐diverse blood and plasma donors
Authors: Haw Jennie , Butler‐Foster Terrie , Murray Benjamin , Lapierre Don , Bosse Jesse , Edwards Jack , Gümüşpala Şansal , Jenkins Catherine , Devor Aaron 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesTwo‐Spirit, trans, nonbinary and other gender‐diverse (2STGD) donors face challenges in donation. While many blood operators aim to address these challenges, to date, no empirical study with these donors has been conducted to guide their efforts. This paper reports 2STGD donors' views on a two‐step approach asking donors their gender and sex assigned at birth (SAAB), and expanding gender options in donor registration.Materials and MethodsA qualitative community‐based study was conducted with 2STGD donors (n = 85) in Canada. Semi‐structured, in‐depth interviews were conducted from July to October 2022, audio‐recorded and transcribed. Data were analysed using a thematic analytic framework.ResultsParticipants were divided on their views of a two‐step approach asking gender and SAAB. Themes underlying views in favour of this approach included the following: demonstrating validation and visibility, and treating 2STGD donors and cisgender donors alike. Themes underlying views not in favour or uncertain included potential for harm, compromising physical safety, and invalidation. All participants were in favour of expanding gender options if blood operators must know donors' gender.ConclusionResults indicate that a two‐step approach for all donors is not recommended unless the blood operator must know both a donor's gender and SAAB to ensure donor and/or recipient safety. Gender options should be expanded beyond binary options. Ongoing research and evidence synthesis are needed to determine how best to apply donor safety measures to nonbinary donors.
On quasicomplete k$k$‐surfaces in 3‐dimensional space‐forms
Authors: Smith Graham 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn the study of immersed surfaces of constant positive extrinsic curvature in space‐forms, it is natural to substitute completeness for a weaker property, which we here call quasicompleteness. We determine the global geometry of such surfaces under the hypotheses of quasicompleteness. In particular, we show that, for , the only quasicomplete immersed surfaces of constant extrinsic curvature equal to in the 3‐dimensional space‐form of constant sectional curvature equal to are the geodesic spheres. Together with earlier work of the author, this completes the classification of quasicomplete immersed surfaces of constant positive extrinsic curvature in 3‐dimensional space‐forms.
Some results regarding the ideal structure of C∗$C^*$‐algebras of étale groupoids
Authors: Brix Kevin Aguyar , Carlsen Toke Meier , Sims Aidan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe prove a sandwiching lemma for inner‐exact locally compact Hausdorff étale groupoids. Our lemma says that every ideal of the reduced ‐algebra of such a groupoid is sandwiched between the ideals associated to two uniquely defined open invariant subsets of the unit space. We obtain a bijection between ideals of the reduced ‐algebra, and triples consisting of two nested open invariant sets and an ideal in the ‐algebra of the subquotient they determine that has trivial intersection with the diagonal subalgebra and full support. We then introduce a generalisation to groupoids of Ara and Lolk's relative strong topological freeness condition for partial actions, and prove that the reduced ‐algebras of inner‐exact locally compact Hausdorff étale groupoids satisfying this condition admit an obstruction ideal in Ara and Lolk's sense.
Myths and methodologies: Assessment of dynamic cerebral autoregulation by the mean flow index
Authors: Olsen Markus Harboe , Riberholt Christian Gunge , Berg Ronan M. G. , Møller Kirsten 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe mean flow index—usually referred to as Mx—has been used for assessing dynamic cerebral autoregulation (dCA) for almost 30 years. However, concerns have arisen regarding methodological consistency, construct and criterion validity, and test–retest reliability. Methodological nuances, such as choice of input (cerebral perfusion pressure, invasive or non‐invasive arterial pressure), pre‐processing approach and artefact handling, significantly influence mean flow index values, and previous studies correlating mean flow index with other established dCA metrics are confounded by inherent methodological flaws like heteroscedasticity, while the mean flow index also fails to discriminate individuals with presumed intact versus impaired dCA (discriminatory validity), and its prognostic performance (predictive validity) across various conditions remains inconsistent. The test–retest reliability, both within and between days, is generally poor. At present, no single approach for data collection or pre‐processing has proven superior for obtaining the mean flow index, and caution is advised in the further use of mean flow index‐based measures for assessing dCA, as current evidence does not support their clinical application.