bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The application of acute oral toxicity computational models in dangerous goods classification
Authors: Moudgal Chandrika , Anger Lennart T , Muster Wolfgang , Nguyen Ruthi , Melnikov Fjodor , Siramshetty Vishal B , Graham Jessica 
Published: October 2023

Acute oral toxicity (AOT) data inform the acute toxicity potential of a compound and guides occupational safety and transportation practices. AOT data enable the categorization of a chemical into the appropriate AOT Globally Harmonized System (GHS) category based on the severity of the hazard. AOT data are also utilized to identify compounds that are Dangerous Goods (DGs) and subsequent transportation guidance for shipping of these hazardous materials. Proper identification of DGs is challenging for novel compounds that lack data. It is not feasible to err on the side of caution for all compounds lacking AOT data and to designate them as DGs, as shipping a compound as a DG has cost, resource, and time implications. With the wealth of available historical AOT data, AOT testing approaches are evolving, and in silico AOT models are emerging as tools that can be utilized with confidence to assess the acute toxicity potential of de novo molecules. Such approaches align with the 3R principles, offering a reduction or even replacement of traditional in vivo testing methods and can also be leveraged for product stewardship purposes. Utilizing proprietary historical in vivo AOT data for 210 pharmaceutical compounds (PCs), we evaluated the performance of two established in silico AOT programs: the Leadscope AOT Model Suite and the Collaborative Acute Toxicity Modeling Suite. These models accurately identified 94% and 97% compounds that were not DGs (GHS categories 4, 5, and not classified (NC)) suggesting that the models are fit-for-purpose in identifying PCs with low acute oral toxicity potential (LD50 >300 mg/kg). Utilization of these models to identify compounds that are not DGs can enable them to be de-prioritized for in vivo testing. This manuscript provides a detailed evaluation and assessment of the two models and recommends the most suitable applications of such models.
Network Types and Functional Health in Old Age: It is Not Just the Size of the Network That Matters
Authors: Ali Talha , Elliott Michael R. , Antonucci Toni C. , Needham Belinda L. , Zelner Jon , Mendes de Leon Carlos F. 
Published: October 2023

Objectives Findings on the effect of network size and support on functional health are mixed. We examine whether network types, that simultaneously incorporate multiple network characteristics, are associated with functional health in late life. Methods Data are from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project ( N = 3005). We estimated the longitudinal effect of membership in five multidimensional network types on disability in six activities of daily living using negative binomial regression, and on mobility (assessed using a timed walk test) using a generalized linear mixed model. Results Compared to those in the large without strain network, older adults in the small, restricted, high contact network had fewer disabilities but worse mobility, while those in the large network with strain also had worse mobility. Discussion Care plans focusing on function and mobility should consider multiple aspects of older adults’ social networks including network size, diversity, and relationship strain.
Craniometric and Aesthetic Outcomes in Craniosynostosis Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Choudhary Akriti , Edgar Michael , Raman Shreya , Alkureishi Lee W. , Purnell Chad A. 
Published: October 2023

Objective To systematically review the published comparative aesthetic outcomes, and its determinants, for craniosynostoses surgically treated by minimally-invasive cranial procedures and open cranial vault remodeling (CVR). Design PRISMA-compliant systematic review. Setting Not-applicable. Patients/Participants Articles were included if they compared spring cranioplasty, strip minimally-invasive craniectomy or CVR for outcomes related to aesthetics or head shape. Forty-two studies were included, comprising 2402 patients. Interventions None. Main Outcome Measure(s) The craniometric and PROM used to determine surgical outcomes. Results Twenty-five studies (59%) evaluated sagittal craniosynostosis, with metopic (7;17%) and unicoronal (4;10%) the next most prevalent. Thirty-eight studies (90%) included CVR, 24 (57%) included strip craniectomy with helmeting, 9 (22%) included strip craniectomy without helmeting, 11 (26%) included spring cranioplasty, and 3 (7%) included vault distraction. A majority of studies only used 1 (43%) or 2 (14%) craniometric measures to compare techniques. In sagittal synostosis, 13 (59%) studies showed no difference in craniometric outcomes, 5 (23%) showed better results with CVR, 3 (14%) with strip craniectomy, and 1 (5%) with springs. In studies describing other synostoses, 10/14 (71%) were equivocal. Subjective outcome measures followed similar trends. Meta-analysis shows no significant difference in cranial index (CI) outcomes between CVR and less invasive procedures in patients with sagittal synostosis. Conclusions There is no difference in CI outcomes between CVR and less invasive procedures. The majority of literature comparing craniometric and aesthetic outcomes between CVR and less invasive procedures shows equivocal results for sagittal synostosis. However, the heterogeneity of data for other craniosynostoses did not allow meta-analysis.
Functional assessment of component positioning in patients with groin pain after total hip arthroplasty as a tool to guide management
Authors: Waters Georgina C , Jones Christopher , D’Alessandro Peter , Yates Piers 
Published: October 2023

Background: Persisting groin pain post total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a common and complex issue that can be difficult to diagnose and manage. Acetabular component positioning is often implicated. Aims and methods: We used a previously well described and validated functional positioning protocol to determine if functional acetabular malpositioning was a factor in groin pain post THA and hence to determine if acetabular revision would be indicated. We compared patient-specific functional acetabular positioning to traditional CT evaluation of cup position and assessment of anterior cup overhang. Results: 39 patients with groin pain post-THA were investigated. Functional acetabular malpositioning was diagnosed in 31% (12/39). Revision THA was performed in those 12 patients, resulting in resolution of functional malpositioning (100%), with an overall accuracy of 5.6° (range 1–12), and resolution of groin pain in 67% (8/12). 33% (4/12) of the revised implants had functional positioning located outside the traditional “40/20 zone”. Comparison with CT indicated that 40% (4/10) of implants with anterior overhang were well positioned, however only 50% (6/12) of functionally malpositioned implants had CT evidence of anterior cup prominence. Of the 8/12 revision patients who had resolution of their groin pain, only 1 had cup prominence. Conclusions: This study suggests that the utilisation of a patient specific functional positioning algorithm in the analysis of persistent groin pain following THA can assist in identifying the underlying cause of pain and help to guide treatment. For a functionally malpositioned acetabulum, revision surgery offers a potential resolution of groin pain.
Subacute thyroiditis following COVID-19 vaccination: Case presentation
Authors: Tomic Aleksandra Z , Zafirovic Sonja S , Gluvic Zoran M , Samardzic Vladimir S , Macvanin Mirjana T , Radunovic Maja LJ , Isenovic Esma R 
Published: October 2023

Background: Subacute thyroiditis (SAT) is an organ-specific disease that various drugs, including COVID-19 vaccines, can trigger. COVID-19 infection has been associated with thyroid gland damage and disease SARS-CoV-2 direct action, euthyroid sick syndrome, and immune-mediated mechanisms are all potential mechanisms of thyroid damage. It denotes thyroid gland inflammation, most commonly of viral origin, and belongs to the transitory, self-limiting thyroid gland diseases group, causing complications in approximately 15% of patients in the form of permanent hypothyroidism. Some authors say SAT is the most common thyroid disease associated with COVID-19. Purpose: The occurrence of SAT many weeks after administering the second COVID-19 vaccine is rare and has limited documentation in academic literature. This study aims to present the occurrence of SAT after administering the COVID-19 vaccine. We present the case of a 37-year-old man who developed SAT 23 days after receiving the second dose of Pfizer BioNTech's COVID-19 mRNA vaccine. Research design and study sample: Due to neck pain and an elevated body temperature (up to 38.2°C), a 37-year-old male subject presented for examination 23 days after receiving the second Pfizer BioNTech mRNA vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 viral infection. The patient denied ever having an autoimmune disease or any other disease. Painful neck palpation and a firm, slightly enlarged thyroid gland with no surrounding lymphadenopathy were identified during the exam. The heart rate was 104 beats per minute. All of the remaining physical findings were normal. Data collection and/or Analysis: Data collected during the disease are integral to the medical record. Results: Hematology and biochemistry analyses at the initial and follow-up visits revealed minor leukocytosis, normocytic anaemia, and thrombocytosis, followed by a mild increase in lactate dehydrogenase and decreased iron levels. The patient's thyroid function and morphology had recovered entirely from post-vaccine SAT. Conclusions: Results from this study emphasise the need for healthcare professionals to promptly report any case of SAT related to COVID-19 vaccination. Further investigation is warranted to understand the immunopathogenesis of COVID-19-associated thyroiditis and the impact of COVID-19 immunization on this condition.
Role of Interacting and Learning Experiences on Public Stigma Against Dementia: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Noguchi Taiji , Nakagawa Takeshi , Komatsu Ayane , Shang Erhua , Murata Chiyoe , Saito Tami 
Published: October 2023

Background: Overcoming dementia stigma is a global challenge. Contact and education on dementia may be promising approaches for reducing public stigma; however, the current evidence is insufficient. This study examined the moderating factors associated with the public stigma against dementia, focusing on experiences of interacting with and learning about people with dementia. Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 710 adults aged 20–69 years who were not involved in any medical or care work. Participants were recruited via a web-based questionnaire survey for a large internet survey agency’s panel in Japan. In terms of the public stigma about dementia, four domains were assessed using a multidimensional assessment scale: personal avoidance, fear of labelling, person-centredness, and fear of discrimination. We compared the stigma scores according to the participants’ experiences of interacting with people with dementia (‘none’, ‘talking or activities together’, or ‘living together’) and learning about dementia (‘yes’ or ‘no’), adjusted for demographic and socioeconomic factors. Results: Compared with those without interaction experiences, those with experiences of talking or activities with people with dementia had lower personal avoidance ( p = .001), fear of labelling ( p = .026), and fear of discrimination ( p = .031); those with experiences of living together with people with dementia had lower personal avoidance ( p = .014) and fear of discrimination ( p = .031). Compared with those without learning experiences related to dementia, those with such experiences had lower personal avoidance ( p < .001) and higher person-centredness ( p = .048). Conclusions: The findings suggest that the promotion of interaction with and learning about people with dementia may be important for addressing the public stigma.
The white light vibrations of Norman K. Denzin
Authors: Staller Karen M 
Published: October 2023

With Norman K. Denzin’s death on 6 August 2023, the global community of qualitative researchers lost a visionary scholar and vocal crusader in broad areas of critical and interpretivist theory, pedagogy, and practice. His pioneering work included contributions to symbolic interactionism, symbiotics, performance studies, autoethnography, and narrative performance to name a few. Founder of the International Congress of Qualitative Inquiry (ICQI) and several prominent journals devoted to critical scholarship, he also coauthored the influential Sage handbooks on qualitative research. His impact was titanic. This article examines his influence in one discrete area of journal editorship. However, it also draws broader conclusions about his enormous contributions including: his panache for bold action in the face of paralyzing situations, his efforts to create safe and respected academic spaces for other scholars, his leadership in challenging normative academic culture, his deep-seated belief in the transformational power of qualitative inquiry, and his ever-evident moral compass set on enacting inclusive, compassionate, and socially just communities. A tireless crusader for a more utopian society, his white light vibrations will continue to provide a source of energy for those looking to perform a better version of humanity.
Development and Piloting of the Enhanced Integrated Behavioral Model to Frame a Social Marketing Campaigns for Teens
Authors: Lilo Emily A. , McIntosh White Judith , Weiss David 
Published: October 2023

Background Teenagers are at high-risk of obesity and related co-morbidities, and yet, are notoriously challenging to engage for behavior change. Focus This work offers an innovative integrated theoretical model, the Enhanced Integrated Behavioral Model (EIBM), drawing from communication, persuasion, and behavior-change theories to inform social marketing. Research Question Can the EIBM prove effective to reach and engage teens in both behavior- and social norms-change? Program Design/Approach We used EIBM to pilot a social marketing campaign aimed at increasing water consumption among teens and their networks. Importance to Field Social marketing is an approach, not a theory. Behavior change models usually provide only limited instruction on messaging. Communication theories can lack practical application guidance. By combining both, we propose a theoretical framework to maximize social marketing campaigns. Methods We piloted a two-tiered social media driven social marketing campaign for high school students to promote increased water consumption and decreased sugar-sweetened beverage consumption in rural New Mexico to change their behaviors and engage them as change agents. Results Our campaign guided students through various stages of attitude, empowerment, and behavior change, for themselves and their families and friends, supporting our model’s utility for social marketing campaign design and implementation. Recommendations for Research Further testing of EIBM for social marketing.
Yield of Whole Body Computed Tomography in Hyper-Acute Stroke Patients With Large Vessel Occlusion
Authors: Sakuta Kenichi , Yaguchi Hiroshi , Nakada Ryoji , Miyagawa Shinji , Hasegawa Izumu , Okuno Kenji , Teshigawara Akihiko , Fuga Michiyasu , Shimizu Kanichiro , Iguchi Yasuyuki 
Published: October 2023

Purpose In the majority of cases, large vessel occlusion (LVO) in ischemic stroke patients has an embolic origin. Systemic embolism can occur simultaneously with brain thrombosis. This retrospective study evaluated the frequency and locations of systemic embolism in LVO stroke patients receiving revascularization therapy. Materials and Methods In our facility, we use contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CE-CT) to assess suspected stroke patients and routinely perform CE-CT from the chest to the abdomen after brain CT angiography to rule out contraindications like aortic dissection and trauma for thrombolysis. Systemic embolism is also assessed using these images, while myocardial infarction is evaluated based on electrocardiograms and laboratory findings. Other relevant clinical features of each patient are also analyzed. Results In total, 612 consecutively admitted stroke patients and 32 LVO patients who underwent revascularization therapy were included in the present study. Systemic embolism was identified in four patients (13%). The spleen was the most commonly affected organ, followed by the heart, kidneys, limbs, and lungs. All four patients with systemic embolism exhibited LVO resulting from embolism as the underlying mechanism. Conclusion Systemic embolism was observed in 13% of our LVO patients, all of whom had LVO of embolic origin.
Outcome following the surgical management of varicocele in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Tandon Sarthak , Bennett Daniel , Mark Nataraja Ramesh , Pacilli Maurizio 
Published: October 2023

Background: The ideal surgical approach for the management of varicocele in children and adolescents remains controversial. Several techniques are available including artery- or lymphatic-sparing with optical magnification ( via open inguinal or sub-inguinal approach), laparoscopic, antegrade and retrograde embolization/sclerotherapy. Objectives: We aimed to appraise the clinical outcomes of these techniques in children and adolescents. Data Sources and Methods: A systematic review was conducted (1997–2023). Meta-analysis or proportional meta-analysis for non-comparative studies (Freeman-Tukey transformation) using the random effects model was conducted. Results are expressed as overall proportion % and 95% conﬁdence interval (CI). Results: We identified 1910 studies; 632 duplicates were removed, 1278 were screened, 203 were reviewed and 56 were included, with 12 reporting on 2 different techniques (total of 68 data sets). Optical magnification via inguinal approach (498 cases): recurrence 2.5% (0.6–5.6), hydrocele 1.6% (0.47–3.4), testicular atrophy 1% (0.3–2.0), complications 1.1% (0.2–2.6); optical magnification via sub-inguinal approach (592 cases): recurrence 2.1% (0.7–4.4), hydrocele 1.26% (0.5–2.3), testicular atrophy 0.5% (0.1–1.3), complications 4% (1.0–8.8). Laparoscopic with mass-ligation/division (1943 cases): recurrence 2.9% (1.5–4.6), hydrocele 11.4% (8.3–14.9); complications 1.5% (0.6–2.9); laparoscopic with lymphatic-sparing (974 cases): recurrence 2.4% (1.5–3.5), hydrocele 1.2% (0.45–3.36), complications 1.2% (0.05–3.9); laparoscopic with artery-sparing (228 cases): recurrence 6.6% (2.3–12.9), hydrocele 6.5% (2.6–12.0). Antegrade embolization/sclerotherapy (403 cases): recurrence 7.6% (5.2–10.4), hydrocele 0.8% (0.17–1.9), technical failure 0.6% (0.1–1.6), complications 4.0% (2.3–6.1); retrograde embolization/sclerotherapy (509 cases): recurrence 6.9% (4.6–9.5), hydrocele 0.8% (0.05–2.5), technical failure 10.2% (4.6–17.6), and complications 4.8% (1.0–11.2). Conclusion: The recurrence rate varies between 2.1% and 7.6% and is higher with the embolization/sclerotherapy techniques. Post-operative hydrocele rate varies between 0.8% and 11.4% and is higher with the laparoscopic mass-ligation/division technique. Testicular atrophy has not been reported with the laparoscopic and embolization/sclerotherapy techniques. The retrograde embolization technique is associated with 10% technical failure (inability to complete the procedure). The laparoscopic lymphatic-sparing technique is characterized by the lowest recurrence rate, incidence of hydrocele and other complications, and no reports of testicular atrophy.
The effectiveness of interventions to improve the seasonal influenza vaccination uptake among nurses: A systematic review
Authors: Flanagan Paula , Dowling Maura , Sezgin Duygu , Mereckiene Jolita , Murphy Louise , Giltenane Martina , Carr Peter , Gethin Georgina 
Published: October 2023

Background Seasonal influenza is a significant cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Despite annual recommendations, influenza vaccination uptake rates are disproportionately lower among nurses compared to other health care professionals, especially when compared to physicians. Nurses have an additional risk of exposure to influenza infection due to the nature of their work. Aim To determine the effectiveness of interventions in increasing seasonal influenza vaccination uptake among nurses Methods Evidence on the effectiveness of interventions to improve seasonal influenza vaccination uptake among nurses was systematically reviewed. A comprehensive search of six electronic databases and grey literature was undertaken. A minimum of two reviewers completed study selection, data extraction and risk of bias assessment independently. Results One hundred and thirty-four studies were identified of which one cluster randomised trial met the inclusion criteria. The results of the included study found the implementation of an intervention with multiple components increased nurses’ seasonal influenza vaccination rates during a single influenza season in geriatric healthcare settings in France. As the evidence in this review was very limited, it was not possible to make recommendations regarding which interventions were effective at increasing the seasonal influenza vaccination rate for nurses. Conclusion This systematic review highlights a lack of high-quality studies that assessed interventions to improve the seasonal influenza vaccination of nurses. In view of the likelihood of influenza and the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic occurring together, it is imperative to have evidence on effective interventions for the nursing workforce and for policy decision makers.
The Effect of Core Stabilization Exercises on Physical Fitness Parameters in Child Gymnasts: Randomized Controlled Assessor-blind Study
Authors: İpek Dongaz Özge , Başer Yaprak , Bayar Kılıçhan 
Published: October 2023

Background: The improvement of physical fitness parameters is beneficial for child gymnasts to maximize functionality. Core stability exercises (CSEs) help maintain spinal stabilization during athletic performance. Thus, they contribute to enhancing gymnasts’ performance on various movements and planes. This study aimed to investigate the effect of 8-week CSEs training on the physical fitness parameters of child gymnasts. Hypothesis: An 8-week CSEs intervention could be beneficial for improving the various physical parameters in child gymnasts. Study Design: Randomized trial. Level of Evidence: Level 2. Methods: Thirty-six child gymnasts (aged 7-12 years) were allocated randomly into a training group (TG) and control group (CG). Participants in the TG received CSEs in addition to the traditional program for 8 weeks. The physical fitness parameters of all participants were assessed twice before and after training. Results: The results showed that all participants’ scores of balance, endurance, sprint, and jumping parameters improved after exercise programs ( P < 0.05). The muscle strength and flexibility scores of the TG showed a statistically significant difference compared with the CG ( P < 0.05). However, compared with other parameters, there were no significant changes seen in the scores between groups ( P > 0.05). Conclusion: The CSEs training contributed to the improvement of all physical fitness parameters in child gymnasts. Clinical Relevance: The addition of CSEs to traditional training could help improve athletic performance in child gymnasts.