Effects of Lactobacillus paracasei N1115 on intestinal microbiota and serum lipid of dyslipidemias
Authors: Tan Shengjie , Zhao Ai , Zheng Yingdong , Wang Peiyu , Zhang Yumei 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveTo study the effect of Lactobacillus paracasei N1115 on serum lipid and gut microbiota of dyslipidemias. And to explore the health effect of Lactobacillus paracasei N1115 on other aspect.MethodsThis is a randomized single‐blinded placebo‐controlled human intervention study. It has been approved by Biomedical ethics committee of Peking university, and the file number is IRB00001052‐14069. Dyslipidemias are recruited as subjects, and administered with Lactobacillus paracasei N1115 for 12 weeks. Blood sample and fecal sample was collected. Height, weight, body fat percentage, and bone mineral density was measured. Special questionnaire was designed to collect the information about the socioeconomics, diet, gastrointestinal function and sleep quality. By detecting the serum lipid, gut microbiota, gastrointestinal function, bone mineral density, body fat percentage and sleep quality, we can analyze the effect Lactobacillus paracasei N1115 has on the dyslipidemias' health. Data analysis method includes repeated measures analysis of variance, paired t test and rank correlated Wilcoxon test.Results
TC concentration in serum increased 0.09 mmol/L in placebo group, but decreased 0.13 mmol/L in probiotics group through the intervention. Significant difference was found on TC between groups after intervention. LDL‐C concentration in serum increased 0.02 mmol/L in placebo group, but decreased 0.14mmol/L in probiotics group through the intervention. Significant difference was found on LDL‐C between groups after intervention, also on the change between groups with RMANOVA analyzed. FPG decreased 0.41 mmol/L in probiotics group significantly, but didn't in placebo group. Apo‐A1 decreased significantly in both groups, but no significant difference was found between groups.
The relative abundance of Alistipes spp. and Fusobacterium spp. decreased significantly, and the relative abundance of Faecalibacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp. increased significantly in placebo group. The relative abundance of Megamonas spp. Faecalibacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp. increased significantly, the relative abundance of Bacteroides spp. and Phascolarctobacterium spp. decreased significantly in probiotics group.
The Shannon index of gut microbiota decreased significantly from 2.335 to 2.158 in placebo group. The Chao1 index (117.015→131.164), Shannon index (2.293→2.469) of gut microbiota increased significantly, Simpson index (0.214→0.165) decreased significantly in probiotics group.
Trunk fat mass decreased significantly in probiotics group (P=0.005), but didn't in placebo group. BMI, body fat percentage, bady fat mass, trunk fat percentage decreased significantly in both groups, but no significant difference was found between groups.
ConclusionLactobacillus paracasei N1115 can decrease LDL‐C level. It can increase the relative abundance of Megamonas spp., decrease that of Bacteroides spp. and Phascolarctobacterium spp. of dyslipidemias. It can significantly increase the abundance and diversity of gut microbiota of dyslipidemias.Support or Funding InformationThe study was designed by Professor. Yumei Zhang, and carried out by all the authors. The article was mainly written by Shengjie Tan, and assisted by Yingdong Zheng on biostatistics.
Basic information and life style

Basic information and life style

Placebo
Probiotics
P

Sex

0.951a

Male
12 (26.0)
12 (26.0)

Female
35 (74.0)
34 (74.0)

Age
56.3 ± 5.3
55.9 ± 5.4
0.671b

BMI
25.7 ± 3.5
25.3 ± 3.3
0.584b

Smoke

0.793a

Yes
8 (19.0)
10 (22.7)

No
34 (81.0)
34 (77.3)

Alcohol use

0.138a

Never
30 (73.2)
23 (52.3)

Ever but not now
2 (4.9)
4 (9.1)

Now
9 (22.0)
17 (38.6)

Chi‐square test;
Independent sample T test

Change of blood lipid indicator

Change of blood lipid indicators before and after intervention (χ̄±SD)

Blood lipid indicator
Placebo (n=47)
Probiotics (n=46)
Intervention Effects

week 0
week 12
Change
Pa
week 0
week 12
Change
Pa
Pb

TC (mmol/L)
5.84 ± 0.78
5.93 ± 0.98
0.09
0.409
5.67 ± 0.63
5.55 ± 0.81
−0.13
0.244
0.068

TG (mmol/L)
1.92 ± 0.98
2.11 ± 1.74
0.20
0.312
1.92 ± 1.47
2.23 ± 2.37
0.31
0.171
0.846

HDL‐C (mmol/L)
1.35 ± 0.33
1.38 ± 0.37
0.03
0.240
1.36 ± 0.38
1.36 ±0.40
0.00
0.856
0.906

LDL‐C (mmol/L)
3.78 ± 0.72
3.81 ± 0.81
0.02
0.823
3.58 ± 0.58
3.44 ± 0.76
−0.14
0.155
0.034

Apo‐A1 (g/L)
1.72 ± 0.30
1.64 ± 0.30
−0.08
0.027
1.71 ± 0.39
1.63 ± 0.28
−0.08
0.031
0.854

Apo‐B (g/L)
1.14 ± 0.19
1.14 ± 0.18
0.00
0.979
1.10 ± 0.19
1.06 ± 0.20
−0.04
0.213
0.082

FPG (mmol/L)
5.59 ± 0.98
5.48 ± 2.35
−0.10
0.674
5.64 ± 1.58
5.23 ± 1.95
−0.41
0.001
0.769

TC:HDL‐C
4.53 ± 1.08
4.52 ± 1.14
−0.01
0.930
4.50 ± 1.43
4.40 ± 1.50
−0.11
0.409
0.777

LDL‐C:HDL‐C
2.94 ± 0.84
2.90 ± 0.85
−0.04
0.742
2.84 ± 0.93
2.69 ± 0.83
−0.16
0.099
0.343

AI
3.53 ± 1.08
3.52 ± 1.14
−0.01
0.930
3.50 ± 1.43
3.40 ± 1.50
−0.11
0.409
0.777

Difference between week 0 and week 12 by paired‐sample T test;
Repeated measurement data analysis of variance

Change of gut microbiota relative abundance at genus level

Change of gut microbiota relative abundance at genus level [M(P25–P75)]

Relative abundance

week 0
week 12

Placebo
Probiotics
Placebo
Probiotics

Alistipes
0.68 (0.32–3.00)
0.92 (0.23–1.18)
0.43 (0.6–1.07)**
0.74 (0.41–1.38)

Bacteroides
27.57 (15.14–41.71)
31.68 (16.89–45.77)
23.10 (13.68–34.75)
17.55 (10.92–27.18)*

Bifidobacteriuui
0.45 (0.18–2.16)
1.16 (0.30–1.89)
0.49 (0.23–0.94)
0.49 (0.27–1.30)

Dialister
0.08 (0.06–0.57)
0.08 (0.05–0.72)
0.16 (0.06–0.56)
0.17 (0.11–0.94)

Escherichia‐Shigella
0.13 (0.08–0.76)
0.20 (0.07–0.35)
0.16 (0.09–0.60)
0.24 (0.12–0.37)

Faecalibacterium
9.43 (5.39–16.91)
10.42 (5.91–16.70)
24.58 (14.36–36.47)**
20.49 (10.94–29.09)**

Fusobacterium
0.10 (0.06–0.79)
0.05 (0.02–0.08)
0.03 (0.01–0.07)**
0.08 (0.03–0.24)

Lachnospira
1.79 (0.81–4.71)
2.95 (1.65–4.59)
1.71 (0.59–4.46)
2.80 (1.63–4.44)

Lactobacillus
0.11 (0.02–0.32)
0.13 (0.08–0.22)
0.47 (0.25–0.81)**
0.56 (0.31–0.81)**

Megamonas
0.10 (0.07–0.33)
0.12 (0.08–0.23)
0.10 (0.07–0.18)
0.24 (0.13–1.95)**

Oscillibacter
0.40 (0.17–1.43)
0.25 (0.12–0.49)
0.33 (0.25–0.79)
0.38 (0.24–0.80)

Parabacteroides
0.80 (0.53–1.61)
1.06 (0.58–1.24)
0.94 (0.43–1.54)
0.93 (0.68–1.17)

Parasutterella
0.27 (0.11–1.42)
0.78 (0.09–1.82)
0.19 (0.09–0.80)
0.23 (0.11–0.69)

Phascolarctobacterim
0.80 (0.22–2.05)
1.64 (0.50–2.27)
0.84 (0.34–1.83)
0.65 (0.17–1.15)*

Prevotella
1.47 (1.17–5.19)
1.34 (0.71–2.41)
1.08 (0.71–3.69)
2.54 (1.28–18.25)

Pseudobutyrivibrio
1.34 (0.38–2.34)
1.40 (0.78–3.37)
0.92 (0.37–1.91)
1.45 (1.01–2.75)

Roseburia
0.53 (0.19–1.13)
0.63 (0.30–0.91)
0.42 (0.18–0.98)
0.51 (0.29–0.80)

Ruminococcus
1.17 (0.81–3.87)
2.23 (0.99–3.73)
1.44 (0.81–3.18)
2.02 (1.21–4.10)

Subdoligranulum
0.51 (0.18–1.03)
0.66 (0.23–1.56)
0.41 (0.18–0.74)
0.80 (0.26–1.28)

Difference between week 0 and week 12 by non‐parameters Wilcoxon symbols test;
P<0.05;
P<0.01

Change of gut microbiota diversity

Change of gut microbiota diversity

group
week
Abundance Index
Diversity Index

ACE
Chaol
Shannon
Simpson

Placebo (n=25)
0
137.208a
123.729a
2.335a
0.196a

6
142.970a
129.159a
2.333a
0.195a

12
138.090a
129.956a
2.158b
0.228a

Probiotics(n=20)
0
129.620a
117.015b
2.293b
0.214a

6
136.046a
127.988ab
2.421ab
0.179ab

12
137.368a
131.164a
2.469a
0.165b

In same group, different letter (a, b) means the significant difference.
(P<.0.05)