bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative evaluation of telomerase subunits in urine as biomarkers for noninvasive detection of bladder cancer
Authors: Weikert Steffen , Krause Hans , Wolff Ingmar , Christoph Frank , Schrader Mark , Emrich Thomas , Miller Kurt , Müller Markus 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe aim of our study was to prospectively evaluate the potential diagnostic value and clinical applicability of quantitative analysis of telomerase subunits gene expression in urine for noninvasive detection of bladder cancer. Expression levels of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) and human telomerase RNA (hTR) were analyzed by real‐time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) in urine samples from 163 subjects with bladder cancer and 237 controls (163 individuals with benign genitourinary diseases; 74 healthy subjects). The sensitivity, specificity and optimal cutoffs were determined and compared to the corresponding values obtained by voided urine cytology. Quantitative urinary hTR analysis detects bladder cancer with an overall sensitivity of 77.0%, whereas hTERT analysis reached a sensitivity of 55.2%. The majority of undetected tumors were small, low‐grade pTa lesions. Both hTR and hTERT proved to be significantly more sensitive than cytology (34.5%; p < 0.001). Specificities for hTR, hTERT and cytology were 72.1%, 85.0% and 92.7%, respectively, in the total study population and 96.9%, 89.2% and 100%, respectively, in healthy subjects. Higher diagnostic accuracy was achieved by hTR than by hTERT analysis (p < 0.05). The specificity of hTR increased to 85.0% in the total population if urinary leukocyte contamination was excluded. These data suggest that quantitative hTR analysis is the most accurate telomerase‐based test for bladder cancer detection and has the potential to replace cytology as a noninvasive biomarker for disease diagnosis and follow‐up. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Akt phosphorylation associates with LOH of PTEN and leads to chemoresistance for gastric cancer
Authors: Oki Eiji , Baba Hideo , Tokunaga Eriko , Nakamura Toshihiko , Ueda Naoyuki , Futatsugi Motonori , Mashino Kohjiro , Yamamoto Manabu , Ikebe Masahiko , Kakeji Yoshihiro , Maehara Yoshihiko 
Published: May 2005

AbstractGrowth factor receptor‐mediated signal transduction has been implicated in conferring resistance to conventional chemotherapy on cancer cells. We describe a pathway that involves AKT/PI3K to mediate chemoresistance in gastric cancer patients. Primary gastric carcinoma tissues and corresponding normal mucosa were obtained from 76 gastric cancer patients who underwent surgery in the Department of Surgery II in Kyushu University Hospital from the years 1996–2000. AKT activation was investigated by immunostaining with a phosphorylation‐specific antibody, and LOH (loss of heterozygosity) of PTEN was studied in the same samples. AKT was phosphorylated in 22 cases (28.9%) of gastric cancer cases. AKT and phosphorylated AKT were not correlated with any clinicopathological factor. We found that the gastric cancer patients who had higher AKT phosphorylation (activated AKT) seemed to have LOH of PTEN (p = 0.0008). When the chemotherapeutic sensibilities of these patients were studied in an MTT assay, it was found that the activated AKT was associated with increased resistance to multiple chemotherapeutic agents (5‐fluorouracil, adriamycin, mitomycin C and cis‐platinum). The results of our study indicate that AKT activation and LOH of PTEN plays an important role in conferring a broad‐spectrum chemoresistance in gastric cancer patients. It also indicates that AKT may therefore be a novel molecular target for therapies or chemosensitivity tests that improve the outcomes of gastric cancer patients. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Vitamin E amides, a new class of vitamin E analogues with enhanced proapoptotic activity
Authors: Tomic‐Vatic Adisa , EyTina John , Chapman James , Mahdavian Elahe , Neuzil Jiri , Salvatore Brian A. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractVitamin E (VE) analogues, epitomized by α‐tocopheryl succinate (α‐TOS), are proapoptotic agents with selective antineoplastic activity. The molecule of α‐TOS comprises several structurally and functionally distinct moieties that can be modified in order to yield analogues with higher activity. In order to find analogues with higher apoptogenic efficacy, we prepared novel compounds where the ester bond was replaced by an amide bond. All of these analogues were significantly more proapoptotic than their ester counterparts, with α‐tocopheryl maleyl amide being the most effective. Importantly, methylation of the free carboxylic group completely obliterated apoptogenic activity of the compounds. Similarly as shown for the ester analogues, the amides induced apoptosis by mitochondrial destabilization. Superiority of amides over the ester analogues may be due to their higher partitioning into the lipid phase, as suggested by the log p‐values that were lower for the amides than the corresponding esters. In conclusion, we present evidence that modification of the ester bond of agents such as α‐TOS can be used as a basis for generating novel analogues with higher efficacy of killing malignant cells, an activity that suggests anticancer effect of the agents. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differential expression of steroid receptors in prostate tissues before and after radiation therapy for prostatic adenocarcinoma
Authors: Torlakovic Emina , Lilleby Wolfgang , Berner Aasmund , Torlakovic Goran , Chibbar Rajni , Furre Torbjørn , Fosså Sophie D. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe expression, distribution and the role of steroid receptors in benign and malignant untreated prostate tissues is well recognized, however, the status of steroid receptors in prostate after radiotherapy (RT) for adenocarcinoma has not yet been studied fully. Immunohistochemical evaluation of androgen receptor (AR), estrogen receptor‐alpha (ER‐α), estrogen receptor‐beta (ER‐β), and progesterone receptor (PR) was carried out in prostate needle biopsies obtained before and after radiotherapy from 60 patients with adenocarcinoma. The ER‐β transcripts were also studied by RT‐PCR in LNCaP prostate carcinoma cell line before and 24 hr after γ‐irradiation at 0.5 Gy and 8.0 Gy. Significantly higher level of ER‐β expression was found in post‐radiation samples of prostate adenocarcinoma and benign epithelium. After RT, all steroid receptors were upregulated in prostatic stroma. Tumor AR expression did not change significantly. Although a positive association between AR and ER‐β expression was observed in pre‐treatment prostate adenocarcinoma, it was lost after RT suggesting that these 2 steroid receptors respond differently to RT. High levels of pretreatment tumor ER‐β were associated with local recurrence after RT and decreased biochemical recurrence‐free survival (p = 0.028). LNCaP cell line that expressed no ER‐β mRNA before γ‐irradiation, clearly expressed ER‐β mRNA 24 hr after 0.5 Gy and 8.0 Gy. Upregulation of all steroid receptors in the prostate stroma and upregulation of ER‐β in the tumor epithelium after RT, may represent a protective tissue response to radiation‐induced tissue injury. Although stromal AR was doubled after RT, the tumor and benign epithelium expression of AR seemed resistant to change by RT. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chromosome 1q loss of heterozygosity frequently occurs in sporadic insulinomas and is associated with tumor malignancy
Authors: Yang Ying‐Mai , Liu Tong‐Hua , Chen Yuan‐Jia , Jiang Wei‐Jun , Qian Jia‐Ming , Lu Xin , Gao Jie , Wu Sha‐Fei , Sang Xin‐Ting , Chen Jie 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe pathogenesis of sporadic insulinomas is not clear, and there are no reliable genetic determinants that are useful to distinguish malignant and benign forms of this tumor. It was reported that 1q LOH might contribute to pathogenesis in gastrinomas and was correlated with tumor progression. However, little data are available on 1q LOH in sporadic insulinomas. In our study, we determine whether 1q LOH occurs in sporadic insulinomas and is associated with tumor malignancy by performing 1q allelotyping with 17 markers in 40 tumors and pair normal DNA. Thirty‐five (88%) insulinomas had 1q LOH. Of the 35 insulinomas with 1q LOH, 14 (40%) had 1q21.3‐23.2 LOH over a 7.5 cM region (SRO‐1), whereas LOH in 21 tumors (60%) occurred at 1q31.3 over an 11.4 cM area (SRO‐2). Of 24 tumors without MEN1 LOH, 20 had either SRO‐1 or SRO‐2 LOH (83%), whereas in 16 tumors with MEN1 LOH, 9 were shown to have LOH at either SRO‐1 or SRO‐2 (56%) (p = 0.065). This result suggests that LOH at 2 SRO might be MEN1 gene independent and may contribute to the pathogenesis in a subset of insulinomas without MEN1 gene LOH. The presence of 1q21.3‐23.2 LOH is significantly associated with malignancy of insulinomas (p = 0.014). The high frequency of LOH at 1q 21.3‐23.2 and 1q31.3 suggests these 2 areas may harbor putative tumor suppressor genes that may play an important role in the tumorigenesis of a subset of insulinomas. LOH at 1q21.3‐23.2, which was associated with tumor malignancy, could be one of the genetic markers for identifying malignancy in sporadic insulinomas. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Breast cancer risk in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers and polyglutamine repeat length in the AIB1 gene
Authors: Hughes David J. , Ginolhac Sophie M. , Coupier Isabelle , Barjhoux Laure , Gaborieau Valérie , Bressac‐de‐Paillerets Brigitte , Chompret Agnès , Bignon Yves‐Jean , Uhrhammer Nancy , Lasset Christine , Giraud Sophie , Sobol Hagay , Hardouin Agnès , Berthet Pascaline , Peyrat Jean‐Philippe , Fournier Joelle , Nogues Catherine , Lidereau Rosette , Muller Danièle , Fricker Jean‐Pierre , Longy Michel , Toulas Christine , Guimbaud Rosine , Yannoukakos Drakoulis , Mazoyer Sylvie , Lynch Henry T. , Lenoir Gilbert M. , Goldgar David E. , Stoppa‐Lyonnet Dominique , Sinilnikova Olga M. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractMarked variation in phenotypic expression among BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers may be partly explained by modifier genes that influence mutation penetrance. Variation in CAG/CAA repeat lengths coding for stretches of glutamines in the C‐terminus of the AIB1 protein (amplified in breast cancer 1, a steroid receptor coactivator) has been proposed to modify the breast cancer risk in women carrying germline BRCA1 mutations. We genotyped the AIB1 repeat length polymorphism from the genomic DNA of a group of 851 BRCA1 and 324 BRCA2 female germline mutation carriers to estimate an association with breast cancer risk modification. Hazard ratios (HR) were calculated using a Cox proportional hazards model. For BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers, analyzed separately and together, we found that women who carried alleles with 28 or more polyglutamine repeats had no increased risk of breast cancer compared to those who carried alleles with fewer repeats (HR for BRCA1/2 carriers = 0.88, 95% CI [confidence interval] = 0.75–1.04). Analyzing average repeat lengths as a continuous variable showed no excess risk of breast cancer (BC) in BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers (HR for average repeat length in BRCA1/2 carriers = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.92–1.11). These results strongly suggest that contrary to previous studies, there is no significant effect of AIB1 genetic variation on BC risk in BRCA1 mutation carriers and provide an indication that there is also no strong risk modification in BRCA2 carriers. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Maternal height, pregnancy estriol and birth weight in reference to breast cancer risk in Boston and Shanghai
Authors: Lagiou Pagona , Samoli Evi , Lagiou Areti , Hsieh Chung‐Cheng , Adami Hans‐Olov , Trichopoulos Dimitrios 
Published: May 2005

AbstractBirth weight has been positively associated with breast cancer risk in adult life and is positively associated with the principal pregnancy estrogen estriol. Birth weight is lower among Chinese women than among Caucasian women, but paradoxically, pregnancy estriol levels are higher among the former than the latter. We studied a cohort of 317 Caucasian pregnant women in Boston, MA, and 339 Chinese pregnant women in Shanghai, China. We investigated whether maternal height, which is inversely associated with pregnancy estriol levels, interacts with this hormone in relation to birth weight, thus accommodating the apparently contradictory ecologic and analytic evidence concerning the role of pregnancy estrogens on breast cancer risk in the offspring. In both Boston and Shanghai, there was a positive association of pregnancy estriol with birth weight among taller women, whereas among shorter women the association was essentially null. The relevant interaction terms were highly significant in Boston (p ≈ 0.006), whereas in Shanghai, where pregnant women were generally shorter, the interaction term was suggestive (p ≈ 0.14). We conclude that maternal height should be considered an important risk factor for breast cancer in the offspring since it is a crucial determinant of birth weight, both directly and through positive interaction with the principal pregnancy estrogen estriol. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In vivo and in vitro characterization of human fibroblasts recruited selectively into human cancer stroma
Authors: Ishii Genichiro , Sangai Takafumi , Ito Takashi , Hasebe Takahiro , Endoh Yasushi , Sasaki Hiroki , Harigaya Kenichi , Ochiai Atsushi 
Published: May 2005

AbstractFibroblasts, which are a major component of cancer‐induced stroma, can have a significant impact on the progression of adjacent malignant epithelia. To characterize fibroblasts recruited into cancer‐induced stroma, we examined the recruitment efficiency of 9 human fibroblast cell lines into experimental tumors generated in immunodeficient mice. Green fluorescence protein (GFP)–labeled fibroblast cell lines and human pancreatic cancer cell line Capan‐1 were injected i.p. at different sites; the GFP‐labeled cells within xenografts were then analyzed. KM104GFP (bone marrow) and VA‐13GFP (lung) were selectively recruited into cancer stroma more efficiently than the other cell lines. KM104GFP cells did not affect tumor volume; however, VA‐13GFP cells increased tumor volume by about 2‐fold. After 5 cyclic in vivo passages of KM104GFP in Capan‐1, we selected a subpopulation with an 8.4‐fold higher recruitment efficiency (KM104GFP‐5G) compared to parental KM104GFP. KM104GFP‐5G also exhibited higher chemotaxis and chemoinvasion activity compared to KM104GFP in response to cancer‐released chemoattractant(s). Oligonucleotide microarray analysis identified 8 genes with >3‐fold upregulation and 6 genes with >3‐fold downregulation in KM104GFP‐5G. Immunohistochemistry confirmed that fibroblasts recruited into pancreatic cancer stroma strongly expressed carbonic anhydrase IX and keratin‐8, whose transcripts were upregulated in KM104GFP‐5G by oligonucleotide microarray analysis, whereas their expression in fibroblasts within noncancerous pancreatic stroma were under the detection level. Our results indicate that fibroblast recruitment is not selective with respect to organ origin and that particular fibroblast subpopulations with specific phenotypic characteristics could be recruited efficiently into cancer‐induced stroma. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Generation of RAGE‐1 and MAGE‐9 peptide‐specific cytotoxic T‐Lymphocyte lines for transfer in patients with renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Oehlrich Nicole , Devitt Gerard , Linnebacher Michael , Schwitalle Yvette , Groβkinski Sonja , Stevanovic Stefan , Zöller Margot 
Published: May 2005

AbstractRenal cell carcinomas (RCCs) are supposed to be immunogenic, and several clinical trials of immunotherapy using tumor lysate‐pulsed dendritic cells (DCs) have been performed. We report on the generation of RAGE‐1 and MAGE‐9 peptide‐specific CTL lines. RAGE‐1 and MAGE‐9 are expressed in 56% and 38% of RCCs. Seven MAGE‐9‐ and 13 RAGE‐1‐derived peptides were found to be immunogenic in the context of the HLA‐A*0201 MHC. CTLs were generated by coculture with peptide‐pulsed, activated B cells, which were easily generated in great quantities and displayed functional activity for a prolonged period of time. MAGE‐9 and RAGE‐1 peptide‐specific CTL lines were strictly peptide‐specific and displayed high cytotoxic activity not only against peptide‐loaded T2 cells but also against HLA‐A*0201‐positive RCC lines, which naturally express MAGE‐9, RAGE‐1 or both. Thus, B cells are well suited as APCs for the generation of large numbers of tumor peptide‐specific CTLs for adoptive transfer. MAGE‐9 as well as RAGE‐1 may well provide suitable targets for immunotherapy of RCC. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prevalence of types 16 and 33 is increased in high‐risk human papillomavirus positive women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse
Authors: Bulkmans Nicole W.J. , Bleeker Maaike C.G. , Berkhof Johannes , Voorhorst Feja J. , Snijders Peter J.F. , Meijer Chris J.L.M. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractHigh‐risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) types are causally related to cervical cancer and its high‐grade precursor lesions. The risk posed by the different hrHPV types for the development of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse (≥CIN2) needs to be established. Here, we present the hrHPV type‐distribution in relation to cytology and histology for women participating in a cervical screening program. From 44,102 women who participated in a population‐based cervical screening program in the Netherlands, 2,154 hrHPV GP5+/6+ PCR positive women were recruited to determine the distribution of 14 hrHPV types by reverse line blotting of GP5+/6+ PCR products. For each HPV type, associations with cytology and histologically confirmed ≥CIN2 were measured by odds ratios. HPV types 16 and 33 were more prevalent in women, amongst those containing a single hrHPV type, with moderate dyskaryosis or worse (>BMD) than in women with normal cytology, but only in case of underlying ≥CIN2 (OR 4.10, 95%CI 2.98–5.64 and OR 2.68, 95%CI 1.39–5.15, respectively). Similar results were obtained for women with double infections (OR 3.29, 95% CI 1.61–6.75 and OR 4.37, 95% CI 1.17–16.34). Coexisting types did not influence the prevalence of ≥CIN2 in HPV 16 or 33 positive women. The increased prevalence of type 16 and 33 in hrHPV positive women with ≥CIN2, compared to women with normal cytology, suggests that infection with these types confers an increased risk for development of ≥CIN2. Distinguishing these types may therefore have implications for future cervical screening strategies. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Black–Scholes versus artificial neural networks in pricing FTSE 100 options
Authors: Bennell Julia , Sutcliffe Charles 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThis paper compares the performance of Black–Scholes with an artificial neural network (ANN) in pricing European‐style call options on the FTSE 100 index. It is the first extensive study of the performance of ANNs in pricing UK options, and the first to allow for dividends in the closed‐form model. For out‐of‐the‐money options, the ANN is clearly superior to Black–Scholes. For in‐the‐money options, if the sample space is restricted by excluding deep in‐the‐money and long maturity options (3.4% of total volume), then the performance of the ANN is comparable to that of Black–Scholes. The superiority of the ANN is a surprising result, given that European‐style equity options are the home ground of Black–Scholes, and suggests that ANNs may have an important role to play in pricing other options for which there is either no closed‐form model, or the closed‐form model is less successful than is Black–Scholes for equity options. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The prediction of profitability using accounting narratives: a variable‐precision rough set approach
Authors: Beynon Malcolm J. , Clatworthy Mark A. , Jones Michael John 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThis article utilizes a new method of data mining for the classification of companies as profitable or non‐profitable, based on a textual analysis of the respective chairman's statement. The method used is a development of the rough set theory technique, namely the variable‐precision rough sets (VPRS) model. A dichotomous sample of companies is used to construct a set of decision rules from a VPRS analysis using the textual characteristics of the chairman's statement in UK corporate annual reports. A number of descriptive measures are analyzed, including the predictive accuracy of the decision rules. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fabrication, implantation, elution, and retrieval of a steroid‐loaded polycaprolactone subretinal implant
Authors: Beeley Nathan R. F. , Rossi Juliana V. , Mello‐Filho Paulo A. A. , Mahmoud Mahmoud I. , Fujii Gildo Y. , de Juan Eugene , Varner Signe E. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractA subretinal drug delivery system was developed to overcome the limitations of current treatments for retinal disease. A rod‐shaped implant was made by embedding the corticosteroid triamcinolone acetonide within a biodegradable polycaprolactone polymer matrix. The implant was fabricated by homogenously mixing the polymer and drug in solvent. The mixture was then dried, melted, and extruded, and the prepared solid form was drawn into a filament. The rods were mechanically sectioned to a length of 2 mm with a diameter of up to 320 μm. The rods were successfully implanted into the subretinal space of six rabbits. No complications were observed during the 4‐week follow‐up period. Initial observations of the implantation and elution characteristics revealed that polycaprolactone is well tolerated by the retinal tissue and that the implant can elute steroid for a period of at least 4 weeks without eliciting inflammatory response or complications. In vitro drug elution rates of different polymer to drug ratios and geometries into a balanced salt solution/bovine serum albumin (1%) solution showed an early rapid‐release phase and late first‐order phase. Histology and device retrieval after implantation revealed minimal encapsulation and good preservation of cellular morphology during the follow‐up period and a more fibrous polymer microstructure of the implant. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2005
Association of IL‐1Ra gene polymorphism, but no association of IL‐1β and IL‐4 gene polymorphisms, with Kawasaki disease
Authors: Wu Shu‐Fen , Chang Jeng‐Sheng , Wan Lei , Tsai Chang‐Hai , Tsai Fuu‐Jen 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate whether IL‐1 β (IL‐1β promoter and IL‐1β exon 5), IL‐1 receptor antagonist (IL‐1 Ra), and IL‐4 (IL‐4 promoter and IL‐4 intron 3) gene polymorphisms act as markers of susceptibility to Kawasaki disease (KD), or of the severity of the disease. The study included 107 KD patients and 103 normal controls. Polymorphisms for cytokine genes were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Genotypes and allelic frequencies for cytokine gene polymorphisms in both groups were compared. No significant difference was observed in the genotypes and allelic frequencies of cytokines between patients with coronary aneurysm and without. In addition, there was no significant association in the genotype and allelic frequencies of IL‐1 beta, IL‐4, and IL‐6 in patients with KD. The genotype I/II for IL1‐Ra and the frequency of allele II for IL1‐Ra are associated with a higher susceptibility to KD, and thus may be useful markers for predicting the development of KD. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 19:99–102, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.