bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk of Short-Term Prostate-Specific Antigen Recurrence and Failure in Patients With Prostate Cancer
Authors: Sayan Mutlay , Huang Jiaming , Xie Wanling , Chen Ming-Hui , Loffredo Marian , McMahon Elizabeth , Orio Peter , Nguyen Paul , D’Amico Anthony V. 
Published: October 2023

ImportanceA shorter time interval to prostate-specific antigen (PSA) failure is associated with worse clinical outcomes; however, specific factors defining this state remain unknown.ObjectiveTo evaluate the factors of a short time interval to PSA failure in order to identify patients for treatment escalation randomized clinical trials.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial was a secondary analysis of the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute 05-043 trial and included 350 patients with nonmetastatic unfavorable risk prostate cancer (PC).InterventionsPatients were randomized 1:1 to receive androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and radiation therapy (RT) plus docetaxel vs ADT and RT.Main Outcomes and MeasuresCumulative incidence rates curves of PSA failure, defined as PSA nadir plus 2 ng/mL or initiation of salvage therapies, and the Fine and Gray competing risks regression was used to assess the prognostic association between these factors and time to PSA failure.ResultsThe study included 350 males who primarily had a good performance status (330 [94.3%] with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score of 0), median (range) age of 66 (43-86) years, with 167 (46.6%) having Gleason scores of 8 to 10, and 195 (55.2%) presenting with a baseline PSA of more than 10 ng/mL. After a median (IQR) follow-up of 10.2 (8.0-11.4) years, having a PSA level of 10 ng/mL to 20 ng/mL (subdistribution hazard ratio [sHR], 1.98; 95% CI, 1.28-3.07; P = .002) and a Gleason score of 8 to 10 (sHR, 2.55; 95% CI, 1.63-3.99; P &amp;lt; .001) were associated with a shorter time to PSA failure, and older age (sHR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.72-0.93; P = .002) was associated with reduced risk for PSA failure after adjusting for other baseline clinical factors. The high-risk category, defined by these 3 factors, was associated with a shorter time to PSA failure (sHR, 2.69; 95% CI, 1.84-3.93; P &amp;lt; .001).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial of males with unfavorable risk PC, young age, PSA of 10 ng/mL or more, and a Gleason score of 8 to 10 estimated a shorter time to PSA failure. A subgroup of males at very high-risk for early PSA failure, as defined by our study, may benefit from treatment escalation with androgen receptor signaling inhibitors or cytotoxic chemotherapy and should be the subject of a prospective randomized clinical trial.Trial RegistrationNCT00116142
Precision agricultural data and ecosystem services: Can we put the pieces together?
Authors: Robinson Samuel V. J. , Schwinghamer Timothy , Cárcamo Hector , Galpern Paul 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Ecosystem services can maintain or increase crop yield in agricultural systems, but data to support management decisions are expensive and time‐consuming to collect. Furthermore, relationships derived from small‐scale plot data may not apply to ecosystem services operating at larger spatial scales (fields and landscapes).

Precision yield data (PYD) can be used to improve the accuracy and geographic range of ecosystem service studies but have been underused in previous studies: out of 370 literature records, we found that less than 2% of all records were used to study biotic or landscape effects on yield. We argue that this is likely due to low data accessibility and a lack of familiarity with spatial data analysis.

We provide examples of analysis using simulated PYD, and outline two case studies of ecosystem services using PYD. Ecologists and agronomists should consider using PYD more broadly, as it can be used to test hypotheses about ecosystem services across multiple spatial scales, and could be used to inform the design of multifunctional farming landscapes.
Rectal dose to prostate cancer patients treated with proton therapy with or without rectal spacer
Authors: Chung Heeteak , Polf Jerimy , Badiyan Shahed , Biagioli Matthew , Fernandez Daniel , Latifi Kujtim , Wilder Richard , Mehta Minesh , Chuong Michael 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate whether a spacer inserted in the prerectal space could reduce modeled rectal dose and toxicity rates for patients with prostate cancer treated in silico with pencil beam scanning (PBS) proton therapy. A total of 20 patients were included in this study who received photon therapy (12 with rectal spacer (DuraSeal™ gel) and 8 without). Two PBS treatment plans were retrospectively created for each patient using the following beam arrangements: (1) lateral‐opposed (LAT) fields and (2) left and right anterior oblique (LAO/RAO) fields. Dose volume histograms (DVH) were generated for the prostate, rectum, bladder, and right and left femoral heads. The normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) for ≥grade 2 rectal toxicity was calculated using the Lyman–Kutcher–Burman model and compared between patients with and without the rectal spacer. A significantly lower mean rectal DVH was achieved in patients with rectal spacer compared to those without. For LAT plans, the mean rectal V70 with and without rectal spacer was 4.19 and 13.5%, respectively. For LAO/RAO plans, the mean rectal V70 with and without rectal spacer was 5.07 and 13.5%, respectively. No significant differences were found in any rectal dosimetric parameters between the LAT and the LAO/RAO plans generated with the rectal spacers. We found that ≥ 9 mm space resulted in a significant decrease in NTCP modeled for ≥grade 2 rectal toxicity. Rectal spacers can significantly decrease modeled rectal dose and predicted ≥grade 2 rectal toxicity in prostate cancer patients treated in silico with PBS. A minimum of 9 mm separation between the prostate and anterior rectal wall yields the largest benefit.
Optimal slice thickness for object detection with longitudinal partial volume effects in computed tomography
Authors: Monnin Pascal , Sfameni Nicolas , Gianoli Achille , Ding Sandrine 
Published: October 2023

AbstractLongitudinal partial volume effects (z‐axial PVE), which occur when an object partly occupies a slice, degrade image resolution and contrast in computed tomography (CT). Z‐axial PVE is unavoidable for subslice objects and reduces their contrast according to their fraction contained within the slice. This effect can be countered using a smaller slice thickness, but at the cost of an increased image noise or radiation dose. The aim of this study is to offer a tool for optimizing the reconstruction parameters (slice thickness and slice spacing) in CT protocols in the case of partial volume effects. This optimization is based on the tradeoff between axial resolution and noise. For that purpose, we developed a simplified analytical model investigating the average statistical effect of z‐axial PVE on contrast and contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR). A Catphan 500 phantom was scanned with various pitches and CTDI and reconstructed with different slice thicknesses to assess the visibility of subslice targets that simulate low contrast anatomical features present in CT exams. The detectability score of human observers was used to rank the perceptual image quality against the CNR. Contrast and CNR reduction due to z‐axial PVE measured on experimental data were first compared to numerical calculations and then to the analytical model. Compared to numerical calculations, the simplified algebraic model slightly overestimated the contrast but the differences remained below 5%. It could determine the optimal reconstruction parameters that maximize the objects visibility for a given dose in the case of z‐axial PVE. An optimal slice thickness equal to three‐fourth of the object width was correctly proposed by the model for nonoverlapping slices. The tradeoff between detectability and dose is maximized for a slice spacing of half the slice thickness associated with a slice width equal to the characteristic object width.
Utilization of a 3D printer to fabricate boluses used for electron therapy of skin lesions of the eye canthi
Authors: Łukowiak Magdalena , Jezierska Karolina , Boehlke Marek , Więcko Marzena , Łukowiak Adam , Podraza Wojciech , Lewocki Mirosław , Masojć Bartłomiej , Falco Michał 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis work describes the use of 3D printing technology to create individualized boluses for patients treated with electron beam therapy for skin lesions of the eye canthi. It aimed to demonstrate the effectiveness of 3D‐printed over manually fabricated paraffin boluses. The study involved 11 patients for whom the construction of individual boluses were required. CT scans of the fabricated 3D‐printed boluses and paraffin boluses were acquired and superimposed onto patient CT scans to compare their fitting, bolus homogeneity, and underlying dose distribution. To quantify the level of matching, multiple metrics were utilized. Matching Level Index (ML) values ranged from 0 to 100%, where 100% indicated a perfect fit between the reference bolus (planned in treatment planning system) and 3D‐printed and paraffin bolus. The average ML (± 1 SD) of the 3D‐printed boluses was 95.1 ± 2.1%, compared to 46.0 ± 10.1% for the manually fabricated paraffin bolus. Correspondingly, mean doses were closer to the prescribed doses, and dose spreads were less for the dose distributions from the 3D‐printed boluses, as compared to those for the manually fabricated paraffin boluses. It was concluded that 3D‐printing technology is a viable method for fabricating boluses for small eye lesions and provides boluses superior to our boluses manually fabricated from paraffin sheets.
Online dosimetric evaluation of larynx SBRT: A pilot study to assess the necessity of adaptive replanning
Authors: Mao Weihua , Rozario Timothy , Lu Weiguo , Gu Xuejun , Yan Yulong , Jia Xun , Sumer Baran , Schwartz David L. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPurposeWe have initiated a multi‐institutional phase I trial of 5‐fraction stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for Stage III–IVa laryngeal cancer. We conducted this pilot dosimetric study to confirm potential utility of online adaptive replanning to preserve treatment quality.MethodsWe evaluated ten cases: five patients enrolled onto the current trial and five patients enrolled onto a separate phase I SBRT trial for early‐stage glottic larynx cancer. Baseline SBRT treatment plans were generated per protocol. Daily cone‐beam CT (CBCT) or diagnostic CT images were acquired prior to each treatment fraction. Simulation CT images and target volumes were deformably registered to daily volumetric images, the original SBRT plan was copied to the deformed images and contours, delivered dose distributions were re‐calculated on the deformed CT images. All of these were performed on a commercial treatment planning system. In‐house software was developed to propagate the delivered dose distribution back to reference CT images using the deformation information exported from the treatment planning system. Dosimetric differences were evaluated via dose‐volume histograms.ResultsWe could evaluate dose within 10 minutes in all cases. Prescribed coverage to gross tumor volume (GTV) and clinical target volume (CTV) was uniformly preserved; however, intended prescription dose coverage of planning treatment volume (PTV) was lost in 53% of daily treatments (mean: 93.9%, range: 83.9–97.9%). Maximum bystander point dose limits to arytenoids, parotids, and spinal cord remained respected in all cases, although variances in carotid artery doses were observed in a minority of cases.ConclusionsAlthough GTV and CTV SBRT dose coverage is preserved with in‐room three‐dimensional image guidance, PTV coverage can vary significantly from intended plans and dose to critical structures may exceed tolerances. Online adaptive treatment re‐planning is potentially necessary and clinically applicable to fully preserve treatment quality. Confirmatory trial accrual and analysis remains ongoing.
Influence of the jaw tracking technique on the dose calculation accuracy of small field VMAT plans
Authors: Swinnen Ans C.C. , Öllers Michel C. , Roijen Erik , Nijsten Sebastiaan M. , Verhaegen Frank 
Published: October 2023

PurposeThe aim of this study was to evaluate experimentally the accuracy of the dose calculation algorithm AcurosXB in small field highly modulated Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT).MethodThe 1000SRS detector array inserted in the rotational Octavius 4D phantom (PTW) was used for 3D dose verification of VMAT treatments characterized by small to very small targets. Clinical treatment plans (n = 28) were recalculated on the phantom CT data set in the Eclipse TPS. All measurements were done on a Varian TrueBeamSTx, which can provide the jaw tracking technique (JTT). The effect of disabling the JTT, thereby fixing the jaws at static field size of 3 × 3 cm2 and applying the MLC to shape the smallest apertures, was investigated for static fields between 0.5 × 0.5−3 × 3 cm2 and for seven VMAT patients with small brain metastases. The dose calculation accuracy has been evaluated by comparing the measured and calculated dose outputs and dose distributions. The dosimetric agreement has been presented by a local gamma evaluation criterion of 2%/2 mm.ResultsRegarding the clinical plans, the mean ± SD of the volumetric gamma evaluation scores considering the dose levels for evaluation of 10%, 50%, 80% and 95% are (96.0 ± 6.9)%, (95.2 ± 6.8)%, (86.7 ± 14.8)% and (56.3 ± 42.3)% respectively. For the smallest field VMAT treatments, discrepancies between calculated and measured doses up to 16% are obtained. The difference between the 1000SRS central chamber measurements compared to the calculated dose outputs for static fields 3 × 3, 2 × 2, 1 × 1 and 0.5 × 0.5 cm2 collimated with MLC whereby jaws are fixed at 3 × 3 cm2 and for static fields shaped with the collimator jaws only (MLC retracted), is on average respectively, 0.2%, 0.8%, 6.8%, 5.7% (6 MV) and 0.1%, 1.3%, 11.7%, 21.6% (10 MV). For the seven brain mets patients was found that the smaller the target volumes, the higher the improvement in agreement between measured and calculated doses after disabling the JTT.ConclusionFixing the jaws at 3 × 3 cm2 and using the MLC with high positional accuracy to shape the smallest apertures in contrast to the JTT is currently found to be the most accurate treatment technique.
Metalloporphyrin MOFs‐Based Nanoagent Enabling Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Sonodynamic Therapy of Intracranial Glioma Signaled by NIR‐IIb Luminescence Imaging
Authors: Jia Tao , Du Jiarui , Yang Jiani , Li Yang , Ohulchanskyy Tymish Y. , Fang Xikui , Chen Guanying 
Published: October 2023

AbstractNoninvasive sonodynamic therapy (SDT) shows promise for brain glioma treatment due to deep tissue‐penetrating capabilities (>10 cm) of ultrasound and high spatial resolutions. Yet, this technique is hindered by inefficient production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting from the hypoxic tumor microenvironment (TME), high level of ROS scavenger glutathione (GSH), and the inability to visualize glioma in vivo for precise treatment management and monitoring in current sonosentizers. To address these challenges, we fabricated a core‐shell heterostructure sonosensitizer (labeled as DFM), in which meso‐tetra (4‐carboxyphenyl) porphine (TCPP) porphyrin metal‐organic frameworks (MOF, PCN‐224(Fe)) serve as a porous shell to contain approved chemotherapeutics sorafenib (SRF) to effectively inhibit GSH synthesis, while NaErF4:Yb@NaLuF4 nanoparticles as the core provide TME‐responsive NIR IIb (≈1500–1800 nm) luminescence at 1525 for precise optical imaging. Coordination of Fe3+ into the macrocycle of TCPP at the MOFs shell is found to, besides triggering ferroptosis, reduce TCPP phosphorescence (23% decrease) and increase the triplet state (T1) oxygen quenching, substantially promoting the singlet oxygen generation (2.6‐fold increase). Furthermore, GSH in TME facilitates the reduction of Fe3+ to Fe2+, thereby eliminating the luminescence quenching of Fe3+ and augmenting the NIR IIb luminescence of Er3+ (5‐fold increase) for nanoagents accumulation imaging in intracranial glioma, realizing dynamical monitoring of SDT processes. Compared to control groups, in vitro and in vivo experiments confirm the effective ROS generation and results in a 6‐fold volume reduction of brain gliomas, reaching a survival rate of 80% at 30 days posttreatment.
Synthesis of Indole‐Fused 1,4‐Diazepinones via Photoredox‐Catalyzed Cascade Cyclization Reaction
Authors: Brambilla Elisa , Meraviglia Silvia , Moneta Edoardo , Nava Donatella , Rizzato Silvia , Abbiati Giorgio , Pirovano Valentina 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA photoredox‐promoted approach for the synthesis of [1,4]diazepino[1,7‐a]indol‐6(7H)‐ones starting from N‐indolyl phenylacrylamides and aroyl chlorides as radical source is reported. This method, that involves a cascade radical addition on C−C double bond followed by intramolecular cyclization at indole C2‐position, affords two diastereomeric indole‐fused 1,4‐diazepinones characterized by a N−C(aryl) axial chirality in yields ranging from 51 to 99%.
Accurate Weight Update in an Electrochemical Random‐Access Memory Based Cross‐Point Array Using Channel‐High Half‐Bias Scheme for Deep Learning Accelerator
Authors: Kim Seungkun , Son Jeonghoon , Kwak Hyunjeong , Kim Seyoung 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRecently cross‐point arrays of synaptic memory devices have been intensively studied to accelerate deep neural network computations. Among various synaptic devices, electrochemical random‐access memory (ECRAM) is emerging as a promising non‐volatile memory candidate owing to its superior synaptic characteristics. However, an optimized update scheme for a three‐terminal ECRAM‐based cross‐point array is yet to be developed. In this study, a metal‐oxide‐based ECRAM (MO‐ECRAM) shows superior synaptic characteristics and the weight update of devices in the MO‐ECRAM cross‐point array is analyzed using the half‐bias (HB) scheme. Additionally, A channel‐high half‐bias (CHB) scheme is proposed to overcome the degraded selectivity of the weight update caused by the three‐terminal configuration of the ECRAM device. In the CHB scheme, the conductance change in the selected device can be increased considerably by applying a calculated additional voltage to the channel. Using the CHB scheme, parallel and selective updates are successfully performed in a 2 × 2 MO‐ECRAM cross‐point array. Finally, an experimental demonstration of the training algorithm shows the impact of selective updates when using the CHB scheme. This new update scheme is expected to improve training accuracy in ECRAM cross‐point array‐based deep learning accelerators.
Refining the phenotypic spectrum of CCDC88A‐related PEHO‐like syndrome
Authors: Issa Mahmoud Y. , Hafez Mona A. , Mounir Samir M. , Abdel Ghafar Sherif F. , Zaki Maha S. , Abdel‐Hamid Mohamed S. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractProgressive encephalopathy with edema, hypsarrhythmia, and optic atrophy (PEHO) and PEHO‐like syndromes are very rare infantile disorders characterized by profound intellectual disability, hypotonia, convulsions, optic, and progressive brain atrophy. Many causative genes for PEHO and PEHO‐like syndromes have been identified including CCDC88A. So far, only five patients from two unrelated families with biallelic CCDC88A variants have been reported in the literature. Herein, we describe a new family from Egypt with a lethal epileptic encephalopathy. Our patient was the youngest child born to a highly consanguineous couple and had a family history of five deceased sibs with the same condition. She presented with postnatal microcephaly, poor visual responsiveness, and epilepsy. Her brain MRI showed abnormal cortical gyration with failure of opercularization of the insula, hypogenesis of corpus callosum, colpocephaly, reduced white matter, hypoplastic vermis, and brain stem. Whole exome sequencing identified a new homozygous frameshift variant in CCDC88A gene (c.1795_1798delACAA, p.Thr599ValfsTer4). Our study presents the third reported family with this extremely rare disorder. We also reviewed all described cases to better refine the phenotypic spectrum associated with biallelic loss of function variants in the CCDC88A gene.
Organocatalyst Mediated Pot‐Economical Total Synthesis of (−)‐Quinine and its Derivatives
Authors: Terunuma Takahiro , Kawauchi Genki , Hayashi Yujiro 
Published: October 2023

Abstract(−)‐Quinine was synthesized in high enantio‐ and diastereoselectivity using an organocatalytic reaction as a key step. The piperidine skeleton was constructed using a diphenylprolinol silyl ether‐mediated Michael reaction, aza‐Henry reaction, and hemiacetalization in one‐pot. A reduction furnished the tri‐substituted piperidine with the correct stereochemistry in excellent diastereoselectivity. Introduction of a quinoline moiety and several transformations afforded (−)‐quinine. Using a stop‐and‐go method, (−)‐quinine was synthesized in 13 % yield with 12 pots. We further optimized the reactions for pot economy and achieved a synthesis of (−)‐quinine in 14 % yield using only five reaction vessels. Using 2,4‐dibromo‐6‐methoxyquinoline as a starting material enabled the preparation of C2′‐(−)‐quinine derivatives.
Brain Health Registry Study Partner Portal: Novel infrastructure for digital, dyadic data collection
Authors: Aaronson Anna , Ashford Miriam T. , Jin Chengshi , Bride Jessica , Decker Josephine , DeNicola Aaron , Turner Robert W. , Conti Catherine , Tank Rachana , Truran Diana , Camacho Monica R. , Fockler Juliet , Flenniken Derek , Ulbricht Aaron , Grill Joshua D. , Rabinovici Gil , Carrillo Maria C. , Mackin R. Scott , Weiner Michael W. , Nosheny Rachel L. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn Alzheimer's disease (AD) research, subjective reports of cognitive and functional decline from participant–study partner dyads is an efficient method of assessing cognitive impairment and clinical progression.METHODSDemographics and subjective cognitive/functional decline (Everyday Cognition Scale [ECog]) scores from dyads enrolled in the Brain Health Registry (BHR) Study Partner Portal were analyzed. Associations between dyad characteristics and both ECog scores and study engagement were investigated.RESULTSA total of 10,494 BHR participants (mean age = 66.9 ± 12.16 standard deviations, 67.4% female) have enrolled study partners (mean age = 64.3 ± 14.3 standard deviations, 49.3% female), including 8987 dyads with a participant 55 years of age or older. Older and more educated study partners were more likely to complete tasks and return for follow‐up. Twenty‐five percent to 27% of older adult participants had self and study partner‐report ECog scores indicating a possible cognitive impairment.DISCUSSIONThe BHR Study Partner Portal is a unique digital tool for capturing dyadic data, with high impact applications in the clinical neuroscience and AD fields.Highlights
The Brain Health Registry (BHR) Study Partner Portal is a novel, digital platform of >10,000 dyads.
Collection of dyadic online subjective cognitive and functional data is feasible.
The portal has good usability as evidenced by positive study partner feedback.
The portal is a potential scalable strategy for cognitive impairment screening in older adults.