bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract WMP39: First External Validation of the Predictive Swallow Score
Authors: Ikramuddin Salman , Weiss Martin , Datta Abhigyan , Yang Sophia , Ryan Dylan , Park Christine , kumar sandeep , Xenopoulos-Oddsson Annette , Cui Erjia , McCullough-Hicks Margy , Feng Wayne 
Published: January 2025

Post-stroke dysphagia (PSD) is a common complication following stroke. Predicting the recovery from PSD remains a major challenge. The Predictive Swallow Score (PRESS) model, derived and validated in Switzerland, sought to predict recovery from PSD after an acute ischemic stroke (AIS). We sought to perform the first external validation of the PRESS model.
A two-center retrospective cohort study of 149 dysphagic patients with functional oral intake scale (FOIS) ≤4 following AIS was conducted. Demographic data and clinical co-variates (age, NIHSS, ANY2 score, frontal opercular stroke, FOIS) were collected to predict the recovery from dysphagia at post-stroke day 7. The primary outcome was impaired swallow at day 7 (FOIS ≤ 4).

The mean age was 72.1 years (±16.0) and 79 (53%) were females. Median (Q1-Q3) NIHSS at presentation was 14 (7-20), ANY2 score 5 (3-6), FOIS at presentation 1 (1-4). 66 patients had frontal-opercular involvement of stroke. Median FOIS at 7-day follow-up from stroke was 4 (1-5), with 71 (44%) being classified as impaired. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test rejected the null hypothesis that the PRESS model was a good fit to the validation data (p=<0.0001, x
2
=55.735, df=5). Calibration curve analysis revealed that the PRESS model overpredicted the likelihood of persistent dysphagia. The C-statistic of the PRESS model on the validation cohort was 0.74 (95% CI: 0.65-0.81). In a secondary analysis, impaired subjects (FOIS ≤ 4) at day-7 had a higher median (Q1-Q3) admission NIHSS (15 [7.5-21] vs 12 [6-17], p=0.02), ANY2 score (6 [4-6] vs 4 [3-5], p<0.0001), PRESS score (8 [6-9] vs 5 [2-8], p<0.00001), and higher frequency of frontal opercular stroke location (64% vs 46%, p=0.03). However, age (p=0.17) and sex (p=0.07) were associated with persistent dysphagia at day 7.

This first external validation study of the PRESS model did not support its use as a tool to predict recovery from PSD, potentially owing to regional variation in the predictive power of certain co-variates such as stroke severity, stroke location, and age. The study is limited by its retrospective design. A larger prospective cohort study is needed to evaluate the PRESS model prior to clinical adoption.
Abstract WMP64: Association between ipsilateral stroke and non-stenotic (<50%) carotid disease – Analysis from the Alteplase compared to Tenecteplase Trial
Authors: Ignacio Katrina , Nagendra Shashank , Bala Fouzi , Alhabli Ibrahim , Baguley Elizabeth , Poulin Therese , Sjonessen Kirsten , Swartz Richard , Catanese Luciana , Tkach Aleksander , Sajobi Tolulope , Buck Brian , Menon Bijoy , Almekhlafi Mohammed , Ganesh Aravind , Singh Nishita 
Published: January 2025

Background and Objectives:
Emerging literature suggests that non-stenotic carotid disease (<50% stenosis), especially in the presence of high-risk plaque features, can be a possible etiology for ischemic stroke. We aimed to evaluate the odds of concordant stroke among individuals with non-stenotic carotid arteries with various plaque features.

Methods:
This is a secondary analysis from the Alteplase compared to Tenecteplase (AcT) trial. We evaluated carotid arteries on baseline CT Angiogram (CTA) to assess the degree of stenosis, plaque features such as ulceration, thickness, irregularity, hypodensity and presence of intraluminal thrombi, carotid web and dissection. 24hour follow-up imaging was used to evaluate stroke location. At a carotid level, we performed mixed effects logistic regression analysis adjusted for age and sex, with patient ID as a random effects variable, to determine the association between each high-risk plaque feature and the presence of concordant stroke (ipsilateral acute stroke in the territory of the carotid artery).

Results:
Of 1577 patients in the trial, 1407 (89.2%) had interpretable baseline imaging.

Of these, 329 (23.4%) had no carotid disease, 869 (61.8%) had non-stenotic (<50%) carotid disease and 209 (14.9%) had stenotic (>50%) carotid disease. At a carotid level,
2519 (89.5%) had non-stenotic carotid disease. Of these, 689 (27.4%) had concordant stroke. Intraluminal thrombi and carotid webs were significantly associated with concordant stroke (aOR 8.11, 95% CI 1.6 – 41.08 and aOR 3.58, 95% CI 1.53 – 8.35, respectively). None of the other plaque features were significantly associated with concordant stroke.

Conclusions:
Among patients with non-stenotic carotid disease, only the presence of intraluminal thrombi and carotid webs were found to be associated with increased odds of concordant stroke. Further CTA-based studies on larger populations are required to identify plaque features associated with concordant ischemic stroke.
Abstract WP179: Initial Core Volume Assessment-based Machine Learning on Non-Contrast CT could Discriminate Outcomes According to ASPECTS score and Stroke Elapsed Time in Reperfusion Treatment Patients
Authors: Flores Alan , SERO LAIA , Ustrell Xavier , Avivar Ylenia , Olive-Gadea Marta , Canals Pere , Ribo Marc 
Published: January 2025

Background:
In reperfusion treatment, advanced neuroimaging can be used to indicate treatment or forecasting outcomes, however immediate access is not widely available. This study aims to explore the assessment of initial core volume (ICV) measured on NCCT by a machine learning-based algorithm on outcomes in overall and according to ASPECTS and stroke elapsed time.

Methods:
Consecutive patients who received reperfusion treatment were studied in two stroke-centers (Jan-2021 to Dec-2023). On admission, ICV was defined on NCCT (aICV) by an algorithm trained using UNet architecture with ResNet 34 encoder. Favorable ASPECTS was defined as score 9-10. Elapsed time from symptoms onset to admission was stratified as early (<240 min) and late (>240 min) temporal window. Good clinical outcome was defined as mRS 0-2 at 90 days. A statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the relation between aICV and clinical outcome in overall and pre-defined groups.

Results:
Among 595 consecutive patients included, mean age was 73.5(SD±14.4) and median baseline NIHSS 13(IQR:7-19). Mean aICV presented an inverse (r=-0.580, p<0.001) and direct (r=0.152, p=0.001) relation with ASPECTS and elapsed time respectively
(figure 1).

In overall, lower aICV was associated with good outcome (13.7 SD±23.4 vs 34.2 SD±25.6, p< 0.001). A logistic regression showed that lower aICV (OR:0.982, CI95%:0.931-0.974, p=0.001), baseline NIHSS and younger age were predictors of good outcome.
In favorable ASPECTS patients, lower aICV was associated with good outcome (10.2 SD±18.8 vs 17.4 SD±25.6, p=0.002). A logistic regression showed that lower aICV (OR:0.984, CI95%:0.970-0.999, p=0.043), baseline NIHSS and younger age were predictors of good outcome.

Lower aICV was associated with good outcome in both; early and late temporal window
(figure 2)
. Adjusted logistic regression showed that lower aICV (OR: 0.983, CI95%: 0.968-0.998, p=0.03) and age were predictors of good outcome in the early window. In the late window; aICV (OR: 0.977, CI95%: 0.960-0.994, p=0.007) and age were also predictors of good outcome.

Conclusion:
Among reperfusion treatment patients, ICV assessment-based machine learning logarithm on NCCT is capable to predict a favorable outcome even in patients with a favorable ASPECTS score and in both, the early and late time window. Furthers studies will determine the potential role of aICV to safely expand the indication of reperfusion treatments based on NCCT in different settings
The Effects of Adopting a Value Added Tax on Firms
Authors: Agrawal David R. , Zimmermann Laura V. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper studies the effects of transitioning from a system of sales taxes to a value-added tax (VAT) on firm-level outcomes. We construct a dataset of product- and state-specific tax rates before and after India gradually switched from a sales tax to a VAT. Exploiting staggered state-level adoptions, we first show that following the transition, effective tax rates declined substantially and complexity as measured by various proxies generally also fell. We then show that sales increased by 57% in the medium run. The reform resulted in increased earnings for workers and higher amounts of capital and digital accounting.
Stigma in Welfare Programs
Authors: Celhay Pablo , Meyer Bruce D. , Mittag Nikolas 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Stigma of welfare participation is important for policy and survey design, because it reduces program take-up and increases misreporting. Stigma is also relevant to the literature on social image concerns, yet empirical evidence is scant because stigma is difficult to empirically identify. We use a novel approach to studying stigma by examining the relationship between program participation in a recipient's local network and underreporting program participation in surveys. We find a robust negative relationship and provide evidence against explanations other than stigma. Stigma decreases when more peers engage in the stigmatized behavior and when such actions are less observable.
The Macroeconomic Consequences of Natural Rate Shocks
Authors: Schmitt-Grohé Stephanie , Uribe Martín 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper studies the effects of natural rate shocks on output and inflation. It estimates a semi-structural model inspired by the DSGE literature. A decline in the natural rate is found to lower trend output and to be contractionary and deflationary in the short run. When the economy is constrained by the zero lower bound (ZLB), these results are consistent with the secular stagnation hypothesis. However, negative natural rate shocks are found to depress the trend of output even outside of the ZLB, calling for a more general theory. A model with liquidity scarcity is proposed as a first step.
Rate of decline and survival of root-knot and lesion nematodes under cold storage conditions
Authors: Mkorongwe Gelson A. , Sumaya Noriel Jude , Been Thomas H. , Teklu Misghina G. 
Published: January 2025

Summary
Storage of nematode-infected soil, roots and nematode suspensions is important in nematological research. The available storage methods are based on potato cyst nematodes, where cysts with viable eggs can be stored for long periods at 4°C. When dealing with other nematode species, understanding the effect of storage temperature is crucial. This study was designed to investigate the decline rate and survival of four root-knot and a lesion nematode of both temperate and tropical origin, when stored at 4°C in three substrates: water, soil and roots. The starting density () for each substrate was determined at and survival of all nematode species was estimated at 10-day intervals for 100 days. During storage, population densities of all species declined in all substrates exponentially. A slower decline rate ( = 0.988-0.999) was observed for juveniles of Meloidogyne fallax in water, soil and roots compared to juveniles of M. hapla and Pratylenchus penetrans. Meloidogyne incognita was seriously affected by cold storage with the highest decline rate ( = 0.919-0.977) observed in all substrates. Only data on the root substrate were obtained for M. javanica with a decline rate of ( = 0.977) predicting zero survival at days. Notable is the higher fraction of surviving P. penetrans ( = 0.238-0.545) in all substrates during the storage period, compared with all other species. Based on the results, it is recommended to process nematode samples in the three substrates as quickly as possible, as underestimation of the actual population densities is likely. Consequences of cold storage in handling and processing of samples from different substrates are discussed.
Le Petit Sot Poems
Authors: Fernández José Francisco 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The collection of verse known as Le Petit Sot poems and attributed to Samuel Beckett has yet to find its place in the canon of Beckett’s literary production. It is argued that there is not enough evidence that Beckett was the author of the series. This essay focuses on a typescript which has not thus far been part of the discussion on this issue: the 13 poems of the series currently in the possession of Erika Tophoven. The renowned German translator believes that this group of “easy poems” could have been the ones selected by the author to be translated into German by Karl-Franz Lembke for the collection published by Limes Verlag in 1959. The study examines the “German connection” and explores the implications of this discovery for the debate on the author’s disputed attribution of Le Petit Sot poems.
Meetings of the Masks
Authors: Dabija Maria 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
From Rabelais to Pessoa and beyond, novelists and poets have often dressed themselves in alternative identities; it’s less often been observed that scholars have periodically done so too. In this paper, I am going to explore the dialectics of self-display and concealment in the realm of literary and cultural criticism, using David Damrosch’s 2000 novel Meetings of the Mind as my starting point. Playful and metatextual, it features four very different scholars, the author’s anagrammatic alter egos, engaging in lively cultural and theoretical debates at a series of comparative literature conferences. My article aims to track down the genealogy of such self-refashioning quests among scholars, with particular focus on the examples of Matthew Arnold and Mikhail Bakhtin. Tracing their influence on Damrosch’s thinking, I will argue that doubles and masks can be effective critical tools for challenging both social constructs and our own ideas.
Can We Talk More about Humor?
Authors: Rosendahl Thomsen Mads 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
David Damrosch’s work and lectures can hardly be said to lack wit and humor, and it is rare to find scholars who write on Finnegans Wake, P.G. Wodehouse, and Korean installation art with equal enthusiasm. Yet, it could be argued that not only in Damrosch’s Comparing the Literatures but in the profession that he writes about in general, the critical vocabulary for writing about humor and the amount of space it is given stand in contrast to how important sarcasm, puns, irony, the grotesque, caricature, etc. are to the appreciation of literature. Is it because humor is a lighter subject? Because it thrives on clarity rather than complexity and thus sets the bar too low for critics? And is humor less transferable than other modes of expression? In this article, I will suggest that a more profound inclusion of humor in comparative literary studies would benefit the discipline and its relation to culture at large. A vocabulary that can build bridges between the darker and lighter sides of literature is needed if this should be seriously meaningful – and occasionally funny.
Stories That Stuck
Authors: Helle Sophus 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Scholars of world literature often treat a wide circulation as the implicit goal of any book or author, projecting onto them a will-to-circulate and thus viewing a reduced readership as a form of failure. I suggest that non-circulation can also be seen as potentially an aesthetic strategy or a cultural achievement. Some works display in either their explicit claims or their choice of form a resistance to circulation that is worth attending to in its own right. Drawing on Sarah Ahmed’s notion of stickiness and the case studies of the Babylonian epic Enuma Elish and the Medieval French romance Silence, I set out to reframe literary non-circulation.
The Early Modern Period, Dream of the Red Chamber, and World Literature
Authors: Lu Sheldon 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This essay lies at the intersection of several fields: the study of the novel, world literature, early modern studies, and global modernity. It analyzes the representation of the outside world in the Chinese novel Dream of the Red Chamber (aka The Story of the Stone) from the 18th century. There exist frequent appearances of foreign objects as well as glimpses of China’s trade with the West in the novel, and yet the literary work maintains a China-centered worldview. The essay situates the novel in the context of nascent world literature at that time and intervenes in the field of East-West comparative literature in the early modern period. The encounter with foreign objects and material culture is a shocking and exciting discovery as described in vivid details in this novel. Yet, China’s ambivalent attitude toward introducing and embracing foreign culture results in the belated emergence of world literature on its soil.
Confrontation and Withdrawal
Authors: Guo Jian 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The Bildungsroman as a sub-genre of narrative fiction depicts a person’s maturing journey in which one encounters harsh realities of the world, grows through diverse experiences, and eventually finds oneself and one’s place in the world; it is essentially about a person’s initiation into society. In this essay, I borrow R.W.B. Lewis’s coinage “denitiation” and delineate an alternative pattern to the socially oriented individual development in literature, one in which the hero’s encounter with the world leads to insurmountable disillusionment and ends with renunciation or retreat; it turns out to be an initiation out of the world. I illustrate the literature of denitiation with examples from European, American, and Chinese literatures.
Springbok Gunners – South African Artillery and the Defence of Tobruk, 20–21 June 1942
Authors: Scherman Jean Pierre 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Early on 20 June 1942, Axis forces launched their assault on the port fortress of Tobruk. Defence of the port had been entrusted to Major General H.B. Klopper and his 2nd South African Infantry Division. When 10,722 Springboks surrendered the following day without many actively participating in the port’s defence, families back home in South Africa demanded answers. The aim of this article is to explain the actions of various South African artillery units deployed within the fortress. Sent to assist their comrades in arms, these men were flung into the fight in a desperate attempt to stem the Axis advance, with South Africa suffering 85 dead by the day’s end. Utilising these Springbok Gunner’s own diaries, letters and reports a new narrative has emerged concerning the South African defence of Tobruk.
Sleep Deficiency and Fatigue in Adults with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review
Authors: Conley Samantha , Hwang Youri , Al-Saleh Stacy , Kamp Kendra , Cahalan Abigail , Redeker Nancy S. 
Published: January 2025

Purpose: Fatigue is one of the most common and disabling symptoms experienced by people with inflammatory bowel disease; however, interventions to treat fatigue are limited. The purpose of this systematic review is to examine the relationship between sleep deficiency and fatigue in adults with inflammatory bowel disease and to describe the demographic and clinical factors associated with fatigue to inform future intervention work. Methods: We conducted a systematic review and reported the results using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The search was conducted using MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and CENTRAL on 3/7/24. We included studies with adults (≥18 years of age) who had a diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, or indeterminate colitis) and measured fatigue and sleep using a validated self-report questionnaire or objective measurement. Results: Twenty-two studies met inclusion criteria for a total sample of 16 927, of whom 58.7% (n = 9937) had Crohn’s disease, and 66.3% (n = 11 226) were female. 56.1% of the participants experienced fatigue and 66.3% experienced sleep deficiency. Sleep quality and insomnia were consistently associated with fatigue. Baseline poor sleep quality was associated with persistent and worsening fatigue over 12 to 24 months. Clinical but not objective assessment of disease activity, anxiety, depression, female gender/sex, and younger age were also associated with more severe fatigue. Conclusions: Sleep quality and insomnia represent important modifiable contributors to fatigue. Future research should explore whether sleep interventions can improve fatigue in this population.
Cognitive Outcomes After Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for the Treatment of Late-Life Depression: Résultats cognitifs après la stimulation magnétique transcrânienne pour le traitement de la dépression chez les personnes âgées
Authors: Göke Katharina , McClintock Shawn M. , Mah Linda , Rajji Tarek K. , Lee Hyewon H. , Nestor Sean M. , Downar Jonathan , Noda Yoshihiro , Daskalakis Zafiris J. , Mulsant Benoit H. , Blumberger Daniel M. 
Published: January 2025

Background Late-life depression (LLD) is often accompanied by cognitive impairment, which may persist despite antidepressant treatment. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is an efficacious treatment for depression, with potential benefits on cognitive functioning. However, research on cognitive effects is inconclusive, relatively sparse in LLD, and predominantly focused on group-level cognitive changes. This study aimed to explore individual-level cognitive changes following rTMS treatment in patients with LLD. Method Data were analyzed from 153 patients with LLD from the FOUR-D study (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02998580) who received bilateral standard rTMS or theta burst stimulation (TBS) targeting the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Cognitive function was assessed pre- and post-treatment using measures of executive function, information processing speed, and learning and memory. Reliable change indices, adjusted for practice effects and test-retest reliability, were employed to evaluate individual-level cognitive changes. Chi-square tests examined if proportions of cognitive improvers differed from expected proportions. Results Cognitive performance from baseline to end of treatment remained stable for most patients. Reliably improved performance was observed in 0.0% to 20.0% of participants across cognitive measures, while worsened performance was observed in 0.0% to 2.7%. A small but significant proportion (20.0%) of participants showed improvement in verbal learning. Conclusions Bilateral standard rTMS or TBS of the DLPFC in LLD yielded no substantial cognitive enhancing effects, although a small proportion showed improved verbal learning after treatment. Importantly, both interventions were cognitively safe with relatively stable performance across time. Future research is needed to explore approaches to enhance the cognitive benefits of standard rTMS and TBS in patients with LLD.