bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ON ROBERTS’ PROOF OF THE TURAEV-WALKER THEOREM
Authors: BENEDETTI RICCARDO , PETRONIO CARLO 
Published: October 2004

In this paper we discuss the beautiful idea of Justin Roberts [7] (see also [8]) to re-obtain the Turaev-Viro invariants [11] via skein theory, and re-prove elementarily the Turaev-Walker theorem [9], [10], [13]. We do this by exploiting the presentation of 3-manifolds introduced in [1], [4]. Our presentation supports in a very natural way a formal implementation of Roberts’ idea. More specifically, what we show is how to explicitly extract from an o-graph (the object by which we represent a manifold, see below), one of the framed links in S3 which Roberts uses in the construction of his invariant, and a planar diagrammatic representation of such a link. This implies that the proofs of invariance and equality with the Turaev-Viro invariant can be carried out in a completely “algebraic” way, in terms of a planar diagrammatic calculus which does not require any interpretation of 3-dimensional figures. In particular, when proving the “term-by-term” equality of the expansion of the Roberts invariant with the state sum which gives the Turaev-Viro invariant, we simultaneously apply several times the “fusion rule” (which is formally defined, strictly speaking, only in diagrammatic terms), showing that the “braiding and twisting” which a priori may exist on tetrahedra is globally dispensable. In our point of view the success of this formal “algebraic” approach witnesses a certain efficiency of our presentation of 3-manifolds via o-graphs. In this work we will widely use recoupling theory which was very clearly exposed in [2], and therefore we will avoid recalling notations. Actually, for the purpose of stating and proving our results we will need to slightly extend the class of trivalent ribbon diagrams on which the bracket can be computed. We also address the reader to the references quoted in [2], in particular for the fundamental contributions of Lickorish to this area. In our approach it is more natural to consider invariants of compact 3-manifolds with non-empty boundary. The case of closed 3-manifolds is included by introducing a correction factor corresponding to boundary spheres, as explained in §2. Our main result is actually an extension to manifolds with boundary of the Turaev-Walker theorem: we show that the Turaev-Viro invariant of such a manifold coincides (up to a factor which depends on the Euler characteristic) with the Reshetikhin-Turaev-Witten invariant of the manifold mirrored in its boundary.
A CONJECTURE OF KAUFFMAN ON AMPHICHEIRAL ALTERNATING KNOTS
Authors: DASBACH OLIVER T. , HOUGARDY STEFAN 
Published: October 2004

We give a counterexample to the following conjecture of Kauffman [2]: Conjecture Let K be an amphicheiral alternating knot. Then there exists a reduced alternating knot-diagram D of K, such that G(D) is isomorphic to G* (D), where G(D) is a checkerboard-graph of D and G*(D) its dual.
A Braid Representation and Corresponding Closed Braid Invariant
Authors: MULLINS DAVID 
Published: October 2004

In [5] Xiao Song Lin shows that “traceless” representations of a braid group into SU(2) counted with appropriate sign gives one half of the signature of the associated knot. This is done with a skein technique, comparing the behavior of the representations and the sign of the Conway polynomial of the knot evaluated at 2i. These results appear somewhat mysterious. In this paper, we present a representation of the braid group into SL(2n,Z) where n+1 is the number of strands of the braid. This matrix arises naturally from considering the two-fold branched cover of a ball containing the braid. The lower right n×n block is basically the reduced Brauer representation evaluated at –1 while the lower left n×n block of this matrix has special significance. The absolute value of the determinant of this block corresponds to the determinant of the corresponding closed braid. If one defines C(η) to be the determinant of this block normalized properly one gets an invariant of the corresponding closed braid which is equal to the Conway polynomial of the corresponding closed braid evaluated at 2i. Therefore, one can use a skein technique to compute the signature of the knot from C(η). Since the absolute value of the Conway polynomial evaluated at 2i is the order of the homology of the two-fold branched cover of a link, C(η) also contains this homological information. It will be shown in [6] that the lower left n×n block is a presentation matrix of the first homology of the two-fold cover. This homology matrix is related to the traceless representations of Xiao Song Lin that come from the homology of the two-fold branched cover.
MULTIPLICITY DISTRIBUTIONS OF TARGET FRAGMENTS IN 60 AGeV16O-EMULSION INTERACTIONS
Authors: EL-NADI M. , METTWALLI N. , SHAAT E.A. , HUSSIEN A. , ABOU-MOUSSA Z. , KAMEL S. , EL-WAHID F. ADB , ELLEITHY M.A. 
Published: October 2004

The results of the interactions of 60 AGeV 16 O in nuclear emulsion are studied and compared with those previously obtained for the same projectile at different energies where it was found that within the energy range from 2.1 up to 200 AGeV, the probability for central collisions of 16 O with emulsion nuclei as well as the percentage of events having projectile fragments (PFs) of charge Z≥3 are nearly constant. Multiplicity distributions of different charged secondaries are compared with the predictions of the Monte Carlo Code VENUS which takes into account the intranuclear cascading. The correlations between the various parameters are discussed. The data on shower and grey produced particles are well described by VENUS, however the black track data show a significant departure from this model. The study of heavy track data confirms the limiting fragmentation behaviour in high energy collisions. The multiplicity distributions of different charged secondaries are also compared with those obtained using different projectiles at nearly the same energy.
INTERVAL METHODS IN KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION
Authors: Kreinovich Vladik 
Published: October 2004

In this issues, we continue to publish abstracts and reviews of recents papers on interval methods in knowledge representation. In knowledge representation, intervals are used for two main purposes: • to describe durations of events; and • to describe uncertainty of measurement results and expert estimates of different quantities; often, we do not know the exact value of a quantity, but we know its lower and upper bounds (e.g., we may not know the exact value of someone's weight, but we may know that this weight is in between 140 and 160 pounds). An important case of this uncertainty occurs in knowledge elicitation, when we ask experts to numerically estimate their degrees of belief in their own statements; in this case, it is often difficult for an expert to estimate this degree of belief precisely, but an expert can often provide us with an interval of possible values. The reviews are collected by Vladik Kreinovich, Department of Computer Science, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA, email vladik@cs.utep.edu
Effect of Potassium Channel and Cytochrome P450 Inhibition on Transient Hypotension and Survival during Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Endotoxic Shock in the Rat
Authors: Clayton Nicholas P. , LeDuc Barbara W. , Kelly Laurie J. 
Published: October 2004

The purpose of this study was to determine whether inhibition of potassium channels or cytochrome P450 attenuates the transient phase of hypotension during endotoxic shock in vivo, and to determine whether these interventions improve the rate of survival. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were pretreated with saline (0.2 ml, i.v.), tetraethylammonium chloride (TEA 30 mg/kg; 0.2 ml, i.v.), proadifen (SKF-525 A; 50 mg/kg, i.p.) or ketoconazole (50 mg/kg, i.p.) and challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 20 mg/kg, i.p.). Changes in heart rate, mean (MAP), systolic (SP) and diastolic (DP) arterial pressures as well as survival rate were then monitored for 45 min. Potassium channel inhibition with TEA had no effect on LPS-induced hypotension at any time point compared with saline (maximal fall in MAP of 79 ± 18 and 80 ± 13 mm Hg, respectively). Pretreatment with proadifen or ketoconazole, inhibitors of cytochrome P450, significantly attenuated LPS-induced hypotension compared with saline (maximal fall in MAP of 34, 26 and 63% below baseline, respectively). This effect was evident in all arterial pressures measured, MAP, SP and DP. At 45 min, the survival rate in the saline group was 66%. Pretreatment with TEA significantly reduced survival rate to 50% and pretreatment with proadifen or ketoconazole improved survival to 100% (p < 0.05). These results suggest that an arachidonic acid metabolite produced by a cytochrome P450-catalyzed reaction may contribute to the transient phase of LPS-induced hypotension. However, these effects do not appear to be mediated through potassium channel activation.
A Way to Overcome the Methodological Vicissitudes Involved in Researching Subjectivity
Authors: Giorgi Amedeo 
Published: October 2004

AbstractFour research strategies currently employed by mainstream psychologists in researching the experiences and behaviors of human subjects are criticized for diminishing the presence of subjectivity. Two perspectives that tend to exaggerate subjectivity are also criticized. A balanced approach to subjectivity is offered that: (1) acknowledges a theoretical perspective that recognizes that there are invisible or nonsensorial characteristics of subjectivity that have to be theoretically appropriated, and (2) that emphasizes the intersubjective dimension as being critical for properly assessing a balanced approach to human subjectivity. A subject-dependent perspective that can efface its own interests is the attitude that is required for the achievement of objectivity.
Protocol Analysis of Couples' Self-reports of Wife Assault: Preliminary Findings
Authors: Campbell Kathryn , Casoni Dianne 
Published: October 2004

AbstractSixteen Canadian men and women, part of eight intact couples who had experienced severe and recurrent wife assault, were interviewed individually regarding their worst experience of violence. The self-reports of both spouses of one of these couples is presented and analyzed with a view towards isolating the emerging constituents of their narratives. Additionally, preliminary findings resulting from the analysis of all of the couple's self-reports are presented in the second part of the paper. A gendered reconstruction of their narratives emerges that mirrors the different positions men and women hold in experiences of wife assault. Finally, the main constituents derived from all the participant's selfreports are analyzed and discussed.
The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda: A Paper Umbrella in the Rain? Initial Pitfalls and Brighter Prospects
Authors: Maogoto Jackson Nyamuya 
Published: October 2004

The tragedy which befell Rwanda in 1994 deserves a special place in the bloodstained pages of history. The Rwandan genocide merits distinction primarily because of its shocking ef ficiency, its scale and its proportional dimensions among the victim population. The Security Council's resolution establishing the ICTR articulates a set of decisions, assumptions, wishes, and objectives. Primarily, the States that voted in favour of the creation of the ICTR indicated that the root of the problem was
individual violations
of international criminal law. Only one State that voted for the resolution did not equate
ipso facto
ICTR actions with justice. That State considered the ICTR only one of the many tasks at hand for the international community. The ICTR was merely a vehicle of justice, 'but it is hardly designed as a vehicle for reconciliation . . . Reconciliation is a much more complicated process' (Czech Republic). Interestingly, Rwanda, which voted against the resolution, spoke of the problem in terms of a
culture of impunity
. The UN paid little to no heed to the subtle, but extremely different way in which the problem was characterized and the implications this would have on the type of tool needed to deal with that problem.
Cell type–specific regulation of von Willebrand factor expression by the E4BP4 transcriptional repressor
Authors: Hough Christine , Cuthbert Carla D. , Notley Colleen , Brown Christine , Hegadorn Carol , Berber Ergul , Lillicrap David 
Published: October 2004

AbstractMechanisms of tissue-restricted patterns of von Willebrand factor (VWF) expression involve activators and repressors that limit expression to endothelial cells and megakaryocytes. The relative transcriptional activity of the proximal VWF promoter was assessed in VWF-producing and -nonproducing cells, and promoter activity was highest in endothelial cells followed by megakaryocytes. Only basal VWF promoter activity was seen in nonendothelial cells. Here we identify a negative response element located at nucleotides (nts) +96/+105 and demonstrate, using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis, that in vivo this sequence interacts with the E4BP4 transcriptional repressor. Differences in size and relative abundance of nuclear E4BP4 were observed. In HepG2 cells, low levels of larger forms of E4BP4 are present that directly interact with the negative response element. In VWF-expressing cells, high levels of smaller forms predominate with no evidence of direct DNA binding. However, in endothelial cells, mutation of the VWF E4BP4 binding motif not only restores but also further elevates VWF promoter activity, suggesting that E4BP4 may be part of a coordinated binding complex. These observations implicate this binding motif in repressing both activated and basal levels of VWF transcription by different cell type–specific mechanisms, and support the hypothesis that E4BP4 sequesters negative regulators of transcription, thereby enhancing activated gene expression.
15-Deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 induces apoptosis in human malignant B cells: an effect associated with inhibition of NF-κB activity and down-regulation of antiapoptotic proteins
Authors: Piva Roberto , Gianferretti Patrizia , Ciucci Alessandra , Taulli Riccardo , Belardo Giuseppe , Santoro M. Gabriella 
Published: October 2004

AbstractCyclopentenone prostaglandins are potent inhibitors of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), a transcription factor with a critical role in promoting inflammation and connected with multiple aspects of oncogenesis and cancer cell survival. In the present report, we investigated the role of NF-κB in the antineoplastic activity of the cyclopentenone prostaglandin 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-PGJ2 (15d-PGJ2) in multiple myeloma (MM) and Burkitt lymphoma (BL) cells expressing constitutively active NF-κB. 15d-PGJ2 was found to suppress constitutive NF-κB activity and potently induce apoptosis in both types of B-cell malignancies. 15d-PGJ2-induced apoptosis occurs through multiple caspase activation pathways involving caspase-8 and caspase-9, and is prevented by pretreatment with the pan-caspase inhibitor ZVAD (z-Val-Ala-Asp). NF-κB inhibition is accompanied by rapid down-regulation of NF-κB-dependent antiapoptotic gene products, including cellular inhibitor-of-apoptosis protein 1 (cIAP-1), cIAP-2, X-chromosome-linked inhibitor-of-apoptosis protein (XIAP), and FLICE-inhibitory protein (cFLIP). These effects were mimicked by the proteasome inhibitor MG-132, but not by the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) agonist troglitazone, suggesting that 15d-PGJ2-induced apoptosis is independent of PPAR-γ. Knockdown of the NF-κB p65-subunit by lentiviral-mediated shRNA interference also resulted in apoptosis induction in malignant B cells with constitutively active NF-κB. The results indicate that inhibition of NF-κB plays a major role in the proapoptotic activity of 15d-PGJ2 in aggressive B-cell malignancies characterized by aberrant regulation of NF-κB. (Blood. 2005;105:1750-1758)
Mechanism by which H-2g, a glucose analog of blood group H antigen, mediates angiogenesis
Authors: Zhu Kui , Amin Mohammed Asif , Zha Yuanyuan , Harlow Lisa A. , Koch Alisa E. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe 4A11 antigen is a unique cytokine-inducible antigen up-regulated on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial endothelial cells (ECs) compared with normal ECs. Previously, we showed that in soluble form, this antigen, Lewisy-6/H-5-2 (Ley/H) or its glucose analog, 2-fucosyl lactose (H-2g), induced the expression of EC intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and leukocyte-endothelial adhesion through the Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)–signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway. Currently, we show that H-2g induces release of EC angiogenic basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), an effect inhibited by decoy nuclear factor κB (NFκB) oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN). JAK2 and phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K) are 2 upstream kinases of NFκB activated by H-2g, as confirmed by an inhibitor of kappa B kinase (IKKβ) assay. In vitro, H-2g induces vascular sprouting in the rat aortic ring model, whereas blockade of JAK2, PI3K, or NFκB inhibits sprouting. Likewise, in the in vivo mouse Matrigel plug angiogenesis assay, chemical inhibitors and antisense or decoy ODNs of JAK2, PI3K, or NFκB decrease angiogenesis, confirming the importance of these pathways in H-2g–induced EC signaling. The critical role of Ley/H involvement in angiogenesis and its signaling pathways may provide new targets for therapy of diseases characterized by pathologic neovascularization.
Angiopoietins can directly activate endothelial cells and neutrophils to promote proinflammatory responses
Authors: Lemieux Caroline , Maliba Ricardo , Favier Judith , Théorêt Jean-François , Merhi Yahye , Sirois Martin G. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractAngiopoietin-1 (Ang1) and -2 (Ang2) are endothelial growth factors that bind to the tyrosine kinase receptor Tie2 and contribute to orchestrate blood vessel formation during angiogenesis. Ang1 mediates vessel maturation and integrity by the recruitment of pericytes. In contrast, Ang2 is classically considered as a Tie2 antagonist, counteracting the stabilizing action of Ang1. Inflammation exists in a mutually dependent association with angiogenesis and we have therefore studied the capacity of angiopoietins to modulate proinflammatory activities, namely P-selectin translocation and neutrophil adhesion onto endothelial cells. We observed that both Ang1 and Ang2 increased these biologic activities. Furthermore, combination of Ang1/Ang2 induced an additive effect on neutrophil adhesion but not on P-selectin translocation. In an attempt to clarify this phenomenon, we found that angiopoietins can directly activate neutrophils through Tie2 signaling as well as modulate platelet-activating factor (PAF) synthesis and β2 integrin functional up-regulation. Together, our data demonstrate that angiopoietins could promote acute recruitment of leukocytes, which might contribute to facilitate vascular remodeling and angiogenesis.
Effect of the G-308A polymorphism of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α gene promoter site on plasma levels of TNF-α and C-reactive protein in smokers: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Gander Marie-Louise , Fischer Joachim E , Maly Friedrich E , von Känel Roland 
Published: October 2004

Abstract
Background
Plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and of C-reactive protein (CRP) are elevated in smokers. Previous studies failed to show an association between the G-308A polymorphism in the promoter region of the TNF-α gene and coronary artery disease (CAD). We investigated whether smoking would interact with the TNF-α G-308A polymorphism in determining plasma levels of TNF-α and CRP.

Methods
Study participants with a complete data set in terms of smoking and the TNF-α G-308A polymorphism were 300 middle-aged male and female industrial employees. After excluding 24 irregular smokers, analyses were performed on 198 "non-smokers" (life-long non-smokers or subjects who quit smoking >6 months ago) as compared to 78 "regular smokers" (subjects currently smoking >3 cigarettes/day). All subjects had a fasting morning blood draw to measure plasma levels of TNF-α and CRP by high-sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.

Results
The cardiovascular risk factor adjusted analysis regressing log-transformed CRP levels against smoking status, genotype, and smoking-status-genotype interaction revealed a significant main effect for smoking status (F1,250 = 5.67, p = .018) but not for genotype (F1,250 = 0.33, p = .57). The interaction-term between genotype and smoking status was not significant (F1,250 = 0.09, p = .76). The fully adjusted model with plasma TNF-α failed to show significant main effects for smoking and genotype, as well as for the smoking-status-genotype interaction.

Conclusions
The findings suggest that the TNF-α G-308A polymorphism does not mediate the effect of smoking on plasma CRP levels. It remains to be seen whether other genetic polymorphisms along the inflammatory pathway may modulate vascular risk in smokers.
Oxytocin and cholecystokinin secretion in women with colectomy
Authors: Ohlsson Bodil , Rehfeld Jens F , Forsling Mary L 
Published: October 2004

Abstract
Background
Cholecystokinin (CCK) concentrations in plasma have been shown to be significantly higher in colectomised subjects compared to healthy controls. This has been ascribed to reduced inhibition of CCK release from colon. In an earlier study CCK in all but one woman who was colectomised, induced release of oxytocin, a peptide present throughout the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The aim of this study was thus to examine if colectomised women had a different oxytocin response to CCK compared to healthy controls.

Methods
Eleven women, mean age 34.4 ± 2.3 years, who had undergone colectomy because of ulcerative colitis or constipation were studied. Eleven age-matched healthy women served as controls. All subjects were fasted overnight and given 0.2 μg/kg body weight of CCK-8 i.v. in the morning. Samples were taken ten minutes and immediately before the injection, and 10, 20, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min afterwards. Plasma was collected for measurement of CCK and oxytocin concentrations.

Results
The basal oxytocin and CCK concentrations in plasma were similar in the two groups. Intravenous injection of CCK increased the release of oxytocin from 1.31 ± 0.12 and 1.64 ± 0.19 pmol/l to 2.82 ± 0.35 and 3.26 ± 0.50 pmol/l in controls and colectomised women, respectively (p < 0.001). Given the short half-life of CCK-8 in plasma, the increased concentration following injection could not be demonstrated in the controls. On the other hand, in colectomised women, an increase of CCK in plasma was observed for up to 20 minutes after the injection, concentrations increasing from 1.00 ± 0.21 to a maximum of 1.81 ± 0.26 pmol/l (p < 0.002).

Conclusion
CCK stimulates the release of oxytocin in women. There is no difference in plasma concentrations between colectomised and controls. However, colectomy seems to reduce the metabolic clearance of CCK. The hyperCCKemia in patients who had undergone colectomy is consequently not only dependent on CCK release, but may also depend on reduced clearance.