bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paroxysmal Hypertensive Hemicrania
Authors: Duncan Gary W. , Roberts L. Jackson , Wilson James P. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISA patient with severe bilateral carotid occlusive disease and paroxysmal hypertensive attacks associated with vascular headaches localized to an area of a major collateral system is reported. The similarity of the patient's symptoms to many components of migraine illustrate the relationship of headache, conjunctival erythema and unilateral lacrimation to increased blood flow.
Sphenopalatine Ganglion Neuralgia and Cluster Headache: Comparisons, Contrasts, and Treatment
Authors: Ryan Robert E. , Facer George W. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISWhether spheoplatatine ganglion neuralgia and cluster headache are two distinct entities or are one and the same disease has not been decided. We reviewed records of patients with these diagnoses at the Mayo Clinic.Sphenopalatine ganglion neuralgia and cluster headache are distinct entities because in sphenopalatine ganglion neuralgia (1) the pain is different, (2) duration of symptoms is longer, (3) an inflamed nasal mucosa is present on the involved side, (4) extended relief is obtained by cauterization of the sphenopalatine ganglion, and (5) the disorder is more frequent in women, in contrast to the male predominance in cluster headache. We recommend cauterization of the sphenopalatine ganglion in patients with sphenopalatine ganglion neuralgia.
Drug Dependency in Patients with Chronic Headaches
Authors: Medina Jose L. , Diamond Seymour 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISNew patients seen during eleven months were questioned about intake of narcotics or common analgesics with barbiturates prescribed for the treatment of headache. Out of 2,369 new patients, 62 received both medications frequently for at least six months. Thirty‐eight patients were taking a combination of common analgesics and butalbital for 0.5 to 40 years. Eight were dependent; six physically addicted, two psychologically dependent and two were abusers. Seventeen patients were taking codeine and six, propoxyphene for 0.5 to 35 years. No addictions occurred, but there were two codeine and one propoxyphere abuser. There is danger of dependency and abuse in patients with chronic headaches.
Lithium Prophylaxis for Chronic Cluster Headache
Authors: Kudrow Lee 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISThirty‐two patients with chronic cluster headache, not responding to conventional therapy, were treated with lithium carbonate for 32 weeks.Treatment was discontinued in 4 cases because of intolerable side effects. Marked and continued improvement occurred in 27 of 28 patients throughout the treatment period. Twenty‐five percent of all patients had mild or transient side effects without increased serum lithium levels. Long‐term prophylactic lithium maintenance treatment is efficacious in selected cases of chronic cluster headache.
A New Post‐Traumatic Headache Syndrome; Clinical and Therapeutic Observations
Authors: Vijayan N. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISClinical and therapeutic observations are described in seven patients with a new form of post‐traumatic headache. Unilateral fronto‐temporal vasodilatory headaches occurred associated with ipsilateral mydriasis and facial hyperhidrosis followed by partial ptosis and meiosis. Pharmacologic studies showed partial sympathetic denervation of the affected pupil during headache‐free intervals. There was no evidence of generalized autonomic dysfunction. Anterior neck injury occurred in all patients. The third neuronal sympathetic pathway appears partially damaged in the neck and probably is the cause of this dysautonomic headache. The patients responded to treatment with the beta‐adrenergic blocking agent propranolol, but not to ergotamine.
Humoral and Hormonal Changes in Menstrual Migraine
Authors: Nattero G. , Bisbocci D. , Bottini A. , Brandi G. , Griffa P.G. , Lisino F. , Ansini A. , Ceresa F. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISCircadian plasma levels of aldosterone, renin activity, cortisol, sodium and potassium were studied during the migraine attack and headache‐free periods in ten women with menstrual migraine. Aldosterone dropped at the onset of an attack in all cases, producing an inverted profile when plotted at two‐hourly intervals over a 24‐hour period and compared with aldosterone levels during a headache‐free period. Renin activity and cortisol levels were normal during migraine and headache‐free periods and potassium and sodium were normal during the migraine attack. A possible explanation for the fall in aldosterone during the attack phase is increased conjugation in the liver due to increased hepatic blood flow.
Variation of Plasma Free Tryptophan and CSF 5‐HIAA During Migraine
Authors: Hyyppä Markku T. , Kangasniemi Pentti 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISSimultaneous plasma free and total tryptophan and CSF 5‐HIAA concentrations were determined in 18 migraine patients during headache‐free intervals, four hours and 24 hours after onset of headache. A statistically significant (p<0.05) positive correlation was found between CSF 5‐HIAA and plasma free tryptophan 4 hours after onset of headache. No other statistically significant correlations were noted. Increased catecholamines resulting from stress (of migraine attack) can cause elevation of unesterified fatty acids which displace tryptophan from its binding to plasma albumin, making free tryptophan available to the brain for serotonin metabolism. The increased CSF 5‐HIAA during the attack of migraine is related to stress, rather than to pathogenetic factors in the disorder.
Migraine Stupor
Authors: Lee C. H. , Lance J. W. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISSeven patients aged 10–52 years have had stupor lasting 2 hours to 5 days during attacks of migraine. Commonly associated symptoms included dysarthria, ataxia, incoordination, paraesthesiae, dilatation of one pupil and homonymous hemianopia which point to the vertebrobasilar arterial tree as the site of disturbance. Vasoconstriction in this circulation appears to be the most likely mechanism.Aggressive and apparently hysterical behavior was a feature of the attack in 4 patients.
Clinical Effectiveness of Lisuride Hydrogen Maleate: A Double‐Blind Trial Versus Methysergide
Authors: Herrmann W.M. , Horowski R. , Dannehl K. , Kramer U. , Lurati K. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISIn a controlled double‐blind study of the therapeutic efficacy and clinical tolerance of lisuride hydrogen maleate (LHM), 25 mcg tid, and methysergide (MET), 2 mg tid, in 253 patients 50% or more reduction in number of attacks was noted in 53% of patients treated with LHM and in 51% of patients treated with MET. Thirty‐nine percent of the MET group and 17% of the LHM group discontinued the medications because of side effects (p<0.05, Chi2 test). Complaints of muscle weakness, coldness of extremities and dizziness were less common in the LHM group than in the MET group. It is suggested that LHM is as effective as MET in the prophylaxis of migraine and is associated with fewer side effects.
Prophylaxis of Migraine in Children
Authors: Bille Bo , Ludvigsson Johnny , Sanner Gunnar 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISAbout 4 percent of school children suffer from migraine. To prevent attacks it is important to inform the child, the parents and the teachers about the nature of migraine, to prescribe a sound rhythm for the child and to try to remove the attack‐provoking factors. It is not always necessary to use prophylactic therapy for migraine in childhood. However, if the attacks are severe and occur three or four times a month then the use of prophylactic drugs is worthwhile. In a pilot study cyproheptadine was given to 19 children aged 6 to 16 years with good effect. Pizotifen was also tried and gave the same good result. Thirty‐two school children aged 7 to 16 years were admitted to a double‐blind, single crossover propranolol vs. placebo study. The result was good, and side effects of these three drugs were benign.
The Dynamics of Post‐Spinal Headache
Authors: Hatfalvi B.I. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISPost spinal puncture headache has been a bothersome problem ever since the introduction of the spinal tap over a century ago. It is generally conceded to be due to leakage of spinal fluid through the hole produced by the needle. In this study in‐vivo and in‐vitro evidence suggests that tangential puncture of the subarachnoid space leads to less leakage than perpendicular puncture and that the size of the needle used may not be as important as the angle from which it pierces the dura and arachnoid membranes.
Migraine: A Generalized Vasomotor Dysfunction? A Critical Review of Evidence
Authors: Morley Stephen 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISEvidence that migraineurs exhibit a generalized vasomotor dysfunction is critically assessed. After discussing the shortcomings of the reported results it is concluded that there is no evidence to suggest that migrainous individuals possess abnormal general vasomotor control. Suggestions for further research are made and the rationale of applying biofeedback techniques to migraine is questioned.
Sanomigran for Migraine Prophylaxis; Controlled Multicenter Trial in General Practice
Authors: Lawrence E.R. , Hossain M. , Littlestone W. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISPizotifen, a tricyclic antiserotonin agent and inhibitor of certain other biogenic amines, was effective in reducing the severity and frequency of migraine attacks, producing complete remission in some cases, in a double‐blind placebo controlled trial in 36 patients. Serious side effects were not reported during the trial period.
Prostaglandins and Migraine
Authors: Horrobin D. F. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISA theory of migraine etiology should explain clinical features, biochemical correlates, and actions of effective therapies. Prostaglandin El (PGE1) involvement in migraine has been investigated, but the findings did not fulfill the above criteria. In the present study, low concentrations of PGE1 potentiated vasoconstriction, and increased PGE1 concentrations produced vasodilatation. Postaglandin synthesis in blood vessel walls was stimulated by prolactin, serotonin and angiotensin, explaining the assocation of migraine with sleep, stress, fluid and electrolyte retention, renal disease and dietary precipitating factors. Finally it was shown that propranolol, amitriptyline, caffeine and other drugs are prostaglandin (PG) antagonists, probably by virtue of membrane stabilizing properties. All drugs effective in migraine therapy oppose PG synthesis or antagonize its action. The understanding of prostaglandins physiology permits a more rational approach to migraine therapy than has been possible in the past.
Phantom Limb Pain: Sub‐Hallucinogenic Treatment With Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD‐25)
Authors: Fanciullacci M. , Bene E. Del , Franchi G. , Sicuteri F. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISOral treatment of phantom limb pain in five males and two females ranging in age from 25 to 78 years with sub‐hallucinogenic doses of Iysergic acid diethyImaide (LSD‐25) resulted in improvement in pain in five patients and reduction in use of analgesics. In two of the five patients improvement was striking and in the other three, pain and analgesic use were reduced moderately. LSD treatment was ineffective in two patients. Intravenous infusion or bolus injection of LSD‐25, 10ngml at 0.5 mlmin. resulted in facilitation of 5‐HT venospasm. The findings suggest that LSD‐25 facilitation of 5‐HT activity occurs centrally consistent with the hypothesis of the central nature of phantom limb pain.
Double‐Blind Study of Belladonna‐Ergotamine‐Phenobarbital for Interval Treatment of Recurrent Throbbing Headache
Authors: Stieg Richard L. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISIn a double‐blind study comparing crossover and parallel group designs, 55 patients with recurrent throbbing headache were given either belladonna‐ergotamine‐phenobarbital (BEP) or placebo for headache prophylaxis. Analysis of the crossover design showed BEP to be significantly more effective than placebo in reduction of headache severity and overall effectiveness. During BEP treatment, patients had less days during which medications for relief of headache symptoms were required. Although there were period effects favoring BEP, no significant differences between treatments were observed in the parallel design. The greater variability in the parallel portion of the study precluded demonstration of statistical significance with this number of patients. The crossover design indicates that BEP offers benefits in the prophylaxis of recurrent throbbing headache, without serious or frequent side effects.
Migraine: A Psychosomatic Disorder
Authors: Pearce John 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISMigraine has no single cause. It can be seen as a reaction of the organism, probably determined by the hypothalamus and released by a variety of extrinsic and intrinsic factors. Several factors may determine attacks at different times within a patient's lifetime. Vascular reactions are secondary to the primary cerebral mechanism, and account for many of the symptoms, notably the headache. The prodrome, aura, and the incubation during sleep are part of the attack.Emotional disturbance is the commonest single trigger mechanism, and is the most important cause of frequent and severe attacks. There is, however, nothing specific about the emotional stimulus, nor is there a consistent personality type in migraine subjects. Certain personality reactions and patterns of behavior recur in migraine subjects; a tendency to anxiety reactions, sensitivity to stress and difficulty in handling aggressive and hostile drives. In this respect, migraine is similar to many other “psychosomatic diseases” without demonstrable pathology but characterized by disorders of homeostasis. In some patients extrinsic physical and biochemical precipitants are prominent and the “psychosomatic element” is slight. In most migraine patients, however, psychologic factors are important but are secondary rather than precipitating etiologic agents.
Transient Cerebral Ischemia and Brain Serotonin: Relevance to Migraine
Authors: Welch K.M.A. , Gaudet Robert , Wang T.P.F. , Chabi Eva 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISCentral pain supersensitivity related to depletion of serotonin in the central nervous system has been postulated as a mechanism for migraine. In the present study, transient cerebral ischemia in an animal preparation caused depletion of central nervous system serotonin. Ischemia associated with the prodromal phase of migraine must, therefore, be considered as a possible cause of altered central nervous system serotonin metabolism, possibly leading to increased pain sensitivity
Cerebral Blood Flow in Migraine
Authors: Edmeads John 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISCerebral blood flow has seldom been measured during attacks of migraine and cluster headache. The literature is reviewed and five cases studied in our laboratory are described. The results of these studies confirm Wolff's hypothesis that cerebral blood flow is decreased during auras and increased during headaches. However, the distribution in time and space of the blood flow changes do not always correlate with the clinical features of the attack. Autoregulation of cerebral blood vessels may be impaired in aura and headache, and this may be a factor in intensifying and prolonging attacks.
Transitory Platelet Monoamine Oxidase Deficit In Migraine: Some Reflections
Authors: Sandler Merton 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISA transitory but highly significant decrease in platelet monoamine oxidase activity was found during headache attacks in migrainous subjects and reverted to normal during attack‐free periods. This is not the result of drugs used for the treatment of migraine. It is possible that decreased platelet monoamine oxidase and 5‐hydroxytryptamine occur in response to release of an unidentified substance into the circulation during headache and, perhaps, is responsible for it. Attention is drawn to the biochemical relationship of migraine and depressive illness
Brief Therapeutic Report: Papaverine Prophylaxis of Complicated Migraine
Authors: Vijayan Nazhiyath 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISUse of vasoconstrictor agents for treatment of migraine associated with prolonged neurologic manifestations has been controversial because permanent sequelae, though rare, occur most commonly in these patients. A slowly released form of Papaverine, 150 mg twice a day prevented the premonitory neurologic symptoms in seven patients with complicated migraine. Four of these patients also became headache‐free and the remaining three were considerably improved. Papaverine therapy was effective in patients in whom the use of ergotamine or other potent vasoconstrictor agents might be hazardous
Immunoglobulin and Complement Studies in Migraine
Authors: Lord G.D.A. , Duckworth J.W. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISSerum complement components and immunoglobulins were measured in migraineurs. Patients were assigned to two groups: Group I (prodromal migraineurs), Group 2 (non‐prodromal). This group was subdivided into Group 2A (common) and Group 2B (with focal neurologic symptoms commencing after headache onset). In the immunoglobulin study: Group 1 had an elevated IgA level, Group 2A had elevated IgG, IgA and Group 2B elevated IgG, IgA and IgM when compared with appropriate controls. The IgM in group 2B was significantly higher than in Groups I and 2A, supporting the division into two groups of patients with focal neurologic symptoms. The complement study compared patients during headache and when headache‐free. The “in headache” patients were further subdivided into early and late groups. The complement results are from patients in Group 2 only. During headache, samples were obtained from 18 migraineurs. In 9 patients headache‐free specimens were collected enabling paired analysis of results. Reductions in levels of C4 and C5 in the paired study, lower levels of C4, C1s and C1(1) during early headache in the unpaired study are evidence of complement activation associated with migraine. Demonstration of complement breakdown products in three patients at least three hours before headache onset, and absence of difference in component levels between headache‐free and late headache migraineurs indicates complement activation of short duration. Elevated immunoglobulin levels and complement activation suggest a late‐onset immune reaction of short duration. Such a mechanism provides an explanation of many of the features of non‐prodromal migraine; platelet release of serotonin, basophil and mast cell degranulation, increased whole blood histamine during an attack, fluid retention, increased thrombotic tendency and increased CSF lactate and GABA.
Clonidine in Migraine Prophylaxis
Authors: Kallanranta T. , Hakkarainen H. , Hokkanen E. , Tuovinen T. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISClonidine chloride, 25 ug three times per day, decreased the mean number of headache attacks per month to 2.26 compared to 3.94 before treatment and 2.98 during placebo use in 50 migraineurs. Fifty ug clonidine t.i.d. decreased mean number of attacks from 4 before treatment to 1.88 during treatment and 2.49 during placebo. Frequency of attacks decreased in 44% of patients, were unchanged in 46% of patients and increased in 10% of patients on 25 ug t.i.d., and 50 ug clonidine t.i.d. decreased attacks in 58% of patients, frequency was unchanged in 40% of patients and increased in 1%. Practolol, a beta adrenergic blocker, decreased frequency of attacks in 41% of patients, attack frequency was unchanged in 42% of patients, and increased frequency in 16% of patients receiving it 50 mg t.i.d. Mean duration of attacks decreased from 3.86 hours before treatment to 2.16 hours after clonidine in the 25 ug t.i.d. dosage and to 1.86 after clondine in the 50 ug t.i.d. dose. Attack duration was 2.37 hours after practolol therapy and 3.36 hours after placebo. The duration of attacks were decreased in 38% of patients receiving 25 ug of clonidine t.i.d., were unchanged in 60% and increased in 2%. In those patients receiving 50 ug clonidine t.i.d. duration of attacks were decreased in 52%, unchanged in 46% and increased in 2%. With practolol 50 mg t.i.d. duration of attacks were decreased in 41%, unchanged in 43% and increased in 16% of patients. Prodromal symptoms were not reduced by clonidine in the 25 or 50 ug t.i.d. dose nor with practolol. Medication was not clearly effective in improving general well‐being or ability to work of patients receiving clonidine in either dose nor practolol. Practolol was associated with sedation in 21% of patients. Increased clonidine dose was associated with sedation in 21% of patients. Increased clonidine dose was associated with increased nausea and sedation. It was concluded that practolol has insufficient anti‐migraine effect to justify its use as a routine prophylactic agent. Clonidine is useful in the prophylactic treatment of migraine
An Epidemiologic Study of Migraine and Headache in 10–20 Year Olds
Authors: Deubner David C. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISHeadache histories of a random sample of 600 ten to twenty year‐olds were obtained by standard interview and questionnaires were completed independently by the parents of those aged ten to fifteen. Parental headache histories and clinical evaluations were obtained on subsamples. Migraine was defined as headache with two of three features: unilaterality, nausea, or neurologic manifestations. The prevalence of migraine was higher in females but did not vary significantly with age, social class, menstrual status or history of cyclic or nervous vomiting, travel sickness or recurrent abdominal pain. The familial pattern of migraine was evident. Interview of ten to fifteen year‐olds for history of unilateral headache or neurologic features was more sensitive than questioning their parents. Development and proper documentation of standard and reliable methods for headache identification are a prerequisite for the reliability and comparability of both clinical and epidemiologic studies of headache
Carotidynia
Authors: Lovshin Leonard L. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISThe most common form of carotidynia is related to overdistention, relaxation, and increased pulsation in the carotid artery. This syndrome of vascular neck pain is closely associated with various forms of extracranial vascular headache. Analysis of 100 consecutive cases of carotidynia has revealed that it is more common in women than in men in a ratio of about 4 to 1; it occurs at almost any age but is most prevalent during the fourth and fifth decades; and there is often a history of vascular headache. The only significant abnormality on physical examination is the presence of a tender, throbbing, often dilated carotid artery. The condition is frequently misdiagnosed and therefore not properly treated. The preferred treatment is similar to that used for migraine and other painful vasodilating conditions of the head.
Transient Focal Cerebral Ischemia After Extreme Exercise
Authors: Miller Robert G. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISTwo episodes of transient focal cerebral ischemia occurred after extreme exercise by a young man. The ingestion of foods containing tyramine and phenylethylamine followed the exercise and preceded the neurologic dysfunction. It is suggested that the vasoactive amines played a role in producing this syndrome.