bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatiotemporal multi‐graph convolutional network‐based provincial‐day‐level terrorism risk prediction
Authors: Luo Lanjun , Li Boxiao , Qi Chao 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPredicting terrorism risk is crucial for formulating detailed counter‐strategies. However, this task is challenging mainly because the risk of the concerned potential victim is not isolated. Terrorism risk has a spatiotemporal interprovincial contagious characteristic. The risk diffusion mechanism comes from three possibilities: cross‐provincial terrorist attacks, internal and external echoes, and internal self‐excitation. This study proposed a novel spatiotemporal graph convolutional network (STGCN)‐based extension method to capture the complex and multidimensional non‐Euclidean relationships between different provinces and forecast the daily risks. Specifically, three graph structures were constructed to represent the contagious process between provinces: the distance graph, the province‐level root cause similarity graph, and the self‐excited graph. The long short‐term memory and self‐attention layers were extended to STGCN for capturing context‐dependent temporal characters. At the same time, the one‐dimensional convolutional neural network kernel with the gated linear unit inside the classical STGCN can model single‐node‐dependent temporal features, and the spectral graph convolution modules can capture spatial features. The experimental results on Afghanistan terrorist attack data from 2005 to 2020 demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed extended STGCN method compared to other machine learning prediction models. Furthermore, the results illustrate the crucial of capturing comprehensive spatiotemporal correlation characters among provinces. Based on this, this article provides counter‐terrorism management insights on addressing the long‐term root causes of terrorism risk and performing short‐term situational prevention.
Individual characteristics associated with perceptions of control over mortality risk and determinants of health effort
Authors: Brown Richard , Sillence Elizabeth , Pepper Gillian 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPeople who believe they have greater control over health and longevity are typically more likely to invest in their long‐term health. Investigating individual differences in perceived control over risk and exploring different determinants of health effort may help to tailor health promotion programs to more effectively encourage healthy behaviors. From a sample of 1500 adults, we measured perceived control over 20 causes of death, overall perceived uncontrollable mortality risk (PUMR), state‐level optimism, self‐reported health effort, and the accuracy of estimations of avoidable deaths. We found individual differences in perceptions of control over specific causes of death based on age, gender, and income. PUMR was predicted by socioeconomic variables expected to influence exposure to risk and resource availability. Higher levels of PUMR, not perceptions of control over specific causes of death, predicted self‐reported health effort. The strength of relationship between PUMR and lower health effort was not moderated by state‐level optimism. Age and education both positively predicted greater accuracy in assessing the prevalence of avoidable deaths. We suggest that PUMR may capture people's “general sense” of mortality risk, influenced by both exposure to hazards and the availability of resources to avoid threats. Conversely, perceived control over specific risks may involve more deliberate, considered appraisals of risk. This general sense of risk is thought to play a more notable role in determining health behaviors than specific assessments of control over risk. Further study is needed to investigate the degree to which PUMR accurately reflects objective measures of individual risk.
Recreation and social obligations during Covid in India: Does social distancing act as a barrier?
Authors: Kaicker Nidhi , Gupta Aashi , Gaiha Raghav 
Published: October 2023

AbstractUsing three‐stage least squares, the present study examines how the household expenditure on socialising activities, including eating out, entertainment and religious and social obligations changed during the COVID‐19 pandemic in India. Our results suggest a negative impact of COVID‐19 cases on the socialising expenditure shares of the households. Further, a higher spending on food is associated with a lower spending on socialising. We find that during the crisis, the increased food expenditures entails lower discretionary expenditures. Or, in other words, they are substitutes. A quadratic socialising expenditures curve confirms the expenditure variability and the wide‐ranging responses of households belonging to different income groups to the COVID‐19 induced economic shocks. The rising prices of food and other necessities required the households to spend larger shares of their incomes on necessary goods, and curtail the consumption of leisure goods. The role of maintaining a healthy work‐life balance, active social network as well as leisure activities to be content in life is well documented. Hence a reduced expenditure on socialising due to the pandemic, may throw light on some larger and significant concerns such as the deteriorating mental health of individuals and greater stress and frustration.
Value‐added export tax policy, credit constraints, and quality: Evidence from China
Authors: Pernet Thomas 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis paper examines the effect of an industrial policy in China named the VAT export tax on product upgrading. In particular, we use Chinese transaction data during 2003–2010 to isolate the causal impact of the exogenous variation of VAT refund and within the city‐product quality change in HS6 exported products. Our identification strategy entails the utilization of duality of the Chinese trade system to isolate the impact of the rebate by comparing a group of trade flows exempt from the refund and another that remains eligible. Our results suggest an increase in product upgrading in response to an increase in VAT refund. In this study, we also introduce the credit constraint to understand the change in quality. The industries that are confronted with tighter credit constraints impel firms to settle for low‐quality products. The model demonstrates that VAT refund provided a counterbalance force to credit constraints, thereby prompting firms to adjust quality. By increasing the refund granted to ordinary traders, firms leverage this excess cash flow to invest (in a fixed asset or innovative project) and improve the quality of products. This effect is reinforced for products exported to developed countries, heterogeneous products, or from larger industries. The Chinese policymakers formally introduced environmental objectives under the 10th and 11th FYP, respectively. The Party leaders put substantial weight on promoting products embedded with high‐added value or technological content. At the same time, they underscored the willingness to downscale the export share of energy‐intensive or polluting industries. We evaluate whether environmental and economic concern impacts product upgrading. According to the results of this study, the VAT refund is effective only for products produced in “cleaner” industries, for products necessitating technical skills, a range of know‐how in manufacturing, and high‐level technology or engaging in research and development activities. Our paper introduces a new and unexplored variable in the trade literature. We use the stock of non‐trade barriers to explicate the change in product quality. In the import market, Chinese exporters comply with the change in regulation by making upward adjustments in the quality.
Physical activity and endogenous pain modulation in older people: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Verbelen Debora , Korogod Natalya , Opsommer Emmanuelle 
Published: October 2023

Objective:
This scoping review aims to provide an overview of the existing literature on physical activity and endogenous pain modulation (EPM), assessed using conditioned pain modulation (CPM), with a specific focus on older people with chronic pain.

Introduction:
Approximately 20% of the European population reports chronic pain, highlighting the problem of chronic pain in the general population. This prevalence increases to 50% in older people. Physical activity is one of the most frequently used treatments for pain management and relief. A possible mechanism underlying the positive effects of physical activity on pain may be related to its influence on EPM. The review will map i) types of physical activity used to study its effect on EPM in older people; ii) intervention protocols investigating physical activity and EPM, measured using CPM, in older people experiencing pain; and iii) knowledge gaps requiring further research or interventions adapted to older people with pain.

Inclusion criteria:
This review will consider studies of people aged 60 years or older, using CPM to examine the effect of physical activity on EPM. All types of care settings will be eligible.

Methods:
This review will be conducted in accordance with the JBI methodology for scoping reviews. The following databases will be searched: MEDLINE (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCOhost), Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, JBI Evidence Synthesis, PsycINFO, and PEDro.

Review registration:
Open Science Framework https://osf.io/e7ndy/
Muscle Mass and Strength Gains Following Resistance Exercise Training in Older Adults 65–75 Years and Older Adults Above 85 Years
Authors: Marzuca-Nassr Gabriel Nasri , Alegría-Molina Andrea , SanMartín-Calísto Yuri , Artigas-Arias Macarena , Huard Nolberto , Sapunar Jorge , Salazar Luis A. , Verdijk Lex B. , van Loon Luc J.C. 
Published: October 2023

Resistance exercise training (RET) can be applied effectively to increase muscle mass and function in older adults (65–75 years). However, it has been speculated that older adults above 85 years are less responsive to the benefits of RET. This study compares the impact of RET on muscle mass and function in healthy older adults 65–75 years versus older adults above 85 years. We subjected 17 healthy older adults 65–75 years (OLDER 65–75, n = 13/4 [female/male]; 68 ± 2 years; 26.9 ± 2.3 kg/m2) and 12 healthy older adults above 85 years (OLDER 85+, n = 7/5 [female/male]; 87 ± 3 years; 26.0 ± 3.6 kg/m2) to 12 weeks of whole-body RET (three times per week). Prior to, and after 6 and 12 weeks of training, quadriceps and lumbar spine vertebra 3 muscle cross-sectional area (computed tomography scan), whole-body lean mass (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan), strength (one-repetition maximum test), and physical performance (timed up and go and short physical performance battery) were assessed. Twelve weeks of RET resulted in a 10% ± 4% and 11% ± 5% increase in quadriceps cross-sectional area (from 46.5 ± 10.7 to 51.1 ± 12.1 cm2, and from 38.9 ± 6.1 to 43.1 ± 8.0 cm2, respectively; p < .001; η2 = .67); a 2% ± 3% and 2% ± 3% increase in whole-body lean mass (p = .001; η2 = .22); and a 38% ± 20% and 46% ± 14% increase in one-repetition maximum leg extension strength (p < .001; η2 = .77) in the OLDER 65–75 and OLDER 85+ groups, respectively. No differences in the responses to RET were observed between groups (Time × Group, all p > .60; all η2 ≤ .012). Physical performance on the short physical performance battery and timed up and go improved (both p < .01; η2 ≥ .22), with no differences between groups (Time × Group, p > .015; η2 ≤ .07). Prolonged RET increases muscle mass, strength, and physical performance in the aging population, with no differences between 65–75 years and 85+ years older adults.
A New Way to Restrict Free Leg Movement During Unilateral Vertical Jump Test
Authors: Schmidt Christian , Perroulaz Mike , Perez Yago , Rosset Jérémie , Wüthrich Gabriel , Malatesta Davide , Samozino Pierre 
Published: October 2023

The purpose of this investigation was (1) to test the effect of movement restriction of the free leg during unilateral vertical jump on performance and power output comparing 2 different jump techniques: flexed (Classic technique) and straight (FC Luzern technique) free leg, and (2) to test the correlation between performance and power output obtained using these 2 techniques. Twenty elite soccer players performed squat (SJ) and countermovement (CMJ) jumps on each leg. The jump height and peak power output were compared between the 2 techniques for both legs. The jump height and peak power were significantly higher for the classic test for SJ and CMJ (P < .001) with no side effects or interactions. The angular range of motion of the free leg was higher for the Classic test than for the FC Lucerne test (P < .001), with no difference in the angular range of motion of the trunk. A moderate correlation was found between the 2 techniques on peak power (SJ: r = .626; CMJ: r = .649) and jump height (SJ: r = .742; CMJ: r = .891). Consequently, FC Lucerne technique, limiting the contribution of the free leg, is more appropriate to assess lower limb strength capacities during unilateral jump test.
Routine ophthalmologic examination in
Klebsiella pneumoniae
bacteremia is not necessary: incidence of and risk factors for ocular involvement
Authors: Lim So Yun , Kwon Hye Ji , Lee Yun Woo , Sung Heungsup , Kim Mi-Na , Chang Euijin , Bae Seongman , Jung Jiwon , Kim Min Jae , Kim Sung-Han , Choi Sang-Ho , Lee Sang-Oh , Kim Yang Soo , Lee Joo Yong , Chong Yong Pil 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Klebsiella pneumoniae
bacteremia is known to present a virulent clinical course, including multiple metastatic infections, which is not uncommon in Asia. However, there are limited data on the incidence and risk factors for ocular involvement in
K. pneumoniae
bacteremia. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of all patients with
K. pneumoniae
bacteremia who underwent ophthalmologic examination in a tertiary center in Seoul, Korea, from February 2012 to December 2020. Two retinal specialists reviewed the findings of the ophthalmologic examinations and classified them as endophthalmitis, chorioretinitis, and no ocular involvement. Of 689 patients, 56 [8.1%; 95% confidence interval (CI) 6.2–10.4] had ocular involvement, and 9 (1.3%; 95% CI 0.6–2.5) were diagnosed with endophthalmitis. Of 47 patients with chorioretinitis, 45 (95.7%) improved with systemic antibiotic therapy alone. Community-onset bacteremia (100% vs 62.1% vs 57.4%,
P
= 0.04), cryptogenic liver abscess (55.6% vs 11.8% vs 8.5%,
P
= 0.003), and metastatic infection (66.7% vs 5.8% vs 10.6%,
P
< 0.001) were more common in endophthalmitis than in no ocular involvement or chorioretinitis. In the multivariable analysis, cryptogenic liver abscess [adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 6.63; 95% CI 1.44–35.20] and metastatic infection (aOR, 17.52; 95% CI 3.69–96.93) were independent risk factors for endophthalmitis. Endophthalmitis was not associated with 30-day mortality. Endophthalmitis is rare in Asian patients with
K. pneumoniae
bacteremia. Targeted ophthalmologic examination in those with cryptogenic liver abscess, metastatic infection, or ocular symptoms may be more appropriate than routine examination of all patients.
Characterization of thraustochytrid-specific sterol
O
-acyltransferase: modification of DGAT2-like enzyme to increase the sterol production in
Aurantiochytrium limacinum
mh0186
Authors: Ishibashi Yohei , Sadamitsu Shohei , Fukahori Yoshitomo , Yamamoto Yuki , Tanogashira Rin , Watanabe Takashi , Hayashi Masahiro , Ito Makoto , Okino Nozomu 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Thraustochytrids are marine microorganisms expected to produce useful lipids. They synthesize polyunsaturated fatty acids and sterols and store them in lipid droplets as a form of triacylglycerol (TG) and sterol ester (SE), respectively. TG is synthesized by diacylglycerol
O
-acyltransferase (DGAT). There are several DGAT2 homologs in
Aurantiochytrium limacinum
. This study indicated that DGAT2C and DGAT2D are SE synthase and TG synthase, respectively, by disrupting their corresponding genes in
A. limacinum
mh0186. DGAT2C is revealed as thraustochytrid-specific acyl-CoA:sterol-
O
-acyltransferase by performing
in vivo
and
in vitro
assays after heterologous expression in
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
. DGAT2C and DGAT2D localized mainly to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the lipid droplet, respectively, and the two of the N-terminal domains unique to DGAT2C were essential for ER localization and SE synthesis in
A. limacinum
mh0186. Interestingly, the study also found that deletion of the first eight transmembrane domains in the unique N-terminal region of DGAT2C increased SE and total sterol productivity when expressed in DGAT2C-deficient
A. limacinum
mh0186. In addition, intermediates such as Δ7-cholesterol (provitamin D3) also accumulated in SE by expression of the N-terminal-truncated DGAT2C, along with cholesterol and Δ7-stigmasterol, a major phytosterol in
A. limacinum
. This study proves that DGAT2C is an ER-localized SE synthase and that its suitable N-terminal deletion can increase sterol production in thraustochytrids.

IMPORTANCE
Since the global market for sterols and vitamin D are grown with a high compound annual growth rate, a sustainable source of these compounds is required to keep up with the increasing demand. Thraustochytrid is a marine oleaginous microorganism that can synthesize several sterols, which are stored as SE in lipid droplets. DGAT2C is an unconventional SE synthase specific to thraustochytrids. Although the primary structure of DGAT2C shows high similarities with that of DGAT, DGAT2C utilizes sterol as an acceptor substrate instead of diacylglycerol. In this study, we examined more detailed enzymatic properties, intracellular localization, and structure-activity relationship of DGAT2C. Furthermore, we successfully developed a method to increase sterol and provitamin D3 productivity of thraustochytrid by more than threefold in the process of elucidating the function of the DGAT2C-specific N-terminal region. Our findings could lead to sustainable sterol and vitamin D production using thraustochytrid.
Active viral infection during blooms of a dinoflagellate indicates dinoflagellate-viral co-adaptation
Authors: Wang Jingtian , Li Ling , Lin Senjie 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Viruses are generally believed to cause cell mortality and terminate algal blooms. However, how the dinoflagellate-virus interaction shapes the dynamics of host dinoflagellate blooms remains poorly understood. Here, we profile viral composition and metabolic landscape in two blooms of the widely distributed dinoflagellate
Prorocentrum shikokuense
. Our data show that
P. shikokuense
was infected dominantly by
Mimiviridae
and
Phycodnaviridae
viruses in both blooms. Strikingly, these viruses were transcriptionally very active during the bloom that extended for weeks, suggesting a paralleled development of both the bloom and chronic infection. Furthermore, our data indicate that these viruses maintained a stable infection process by generating polymorphic variants to sustain the exploitation of host intracellular machinery, suggesting co-adaptation between the viruses and the bloom-causative dinoflagellate. This novel insight will be valuable for fully understanding and modeling the role of viruses in regulating blooms of dinoflagellates and other algae.

IMPORTANCE

This study represents the first that investigates
in situ
virus infection in dinoflagellate blooms. Our findings reveal highly similar viral assemblages that infected the bloom species
Prorocentrum shikokuense
and a co-adapted metabolic relationship between the host and the viruses in the blooms, which varied between the prolonged and the short-lived blooms of the same dinoflagellate species. These findings fill the gap in knowledge regarding the identity and behavior of viruses in a dinoflagellate bloom and shed light on what appears to be the complex mode of infection. The novel insight will be potentially valuable for fully understanding and modeling the role of viruses in regulating blooms of dinoflagellates and other algae.
Effects of
Trichinella spiralis
and its serine protease inhibitors on autophagy of host small intestinal cells
Authors: Zhen Jing-Bo , Wang Rui-Biao , Zhang Yu-Heng , Sun Feng , Lin Li-Hao , Li Zhi-Xin , Han Yang , Lu Yi-Xin 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

In eukaryotes, autophagy is induced as an innate defense mechanism against pathogenic microorganisms by self-degradation. Although trichinellosis is a foodborne zoonotic disease, there are few reports on the interplay between
Trichinella spiralis
survival strategies and autophagy-mediated host defense. Therefore, this study focused on the association between
T. spiralis
and autophagy of host small intestinal cells. In this study, the autophagy-related indexes of host small intestinal cells after
T. spiralis
infection were detected using transmission electron microscopy, hematoxylin and eosin staining, immunohistochemistry, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and Western blotting. The results showed that autophagosomes and autolysosomes were formed in small intestinal cells, intestinal villi appeared edema, epithelial compactness was decreased, microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3B (LC3B) was expressed in lamina propria stromal cells of small intestine, and the expression of autophagy-related genes and proteins was changed significantly, indicating that
T. spiralis
induced autophagy of host small intestinal cells. Then, the effect of
T. spiralis
on autophagy-related pathways was explored by Western blotting. The results showed that the expression of autophagy-related pathway proteins was changed, indicating that
T. spiralis
regulated autophagy by affecting autophagy-related pathways. Finally, the roles of
T. spiralis
serine protease inhibitors (
Ts
SPIs), such as
T. spiralis
Kazal-type SPI (
Ts
KaSPI) and
T. spiralis
Serpin-type SPI (
Ts
AdSPI), were further discussed
in vitro
and
in vivo
experiments. The results revealed that
Ts
SPIs induced autophagy by influencing autophagy-related pathways, and
Ts
AdSPI has more advantages. Overall, our results indicated that
T. spiralis
induced autophagy of host small intestinal cells, and its
Ts
SPIs play an important role in enhancing autophagy flux by affecting autophagy-related pathways. These findings lay a foundation for further exploring the pathogenesis of intestinal dysfunction of host after
T. spiralis
infection, and also provide some experimental and theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of trichinellosis
.