bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmaceutical Use among Older Adults: Using Administrative Data to Examine Medication-Related Issues
Authors: Metge Colleen , Grymonpre Ruby , Dahl Matthew , Yogendran Marina 
Published: July 2005

ABSTRACTMedication use is recognized as the least expensive, most cost-effective health care intervention. In older adults this is especially important, as they are the largest consumer of prescription medications. We describe the use of a linked data set including pharmaceutical, medical, and hospital claims to examine pharmaceutical use in the population of older adults and then give several examples of its application. Indicators to describe the population's overall use of medication and the appropriate use of specific medication have been developed. Indicators of appropriate use are characterized using the dispensation of benzodiazepines to older adults. We have found that a significant proportion of new users of benzodiazepines are still prescribed a long-acting version (over 10%), signifying potential inappropriate use. The data are also able to describe some significant outcomes from the use of pharmaceuticals such as death, fracture, and population-based clinical measures where available.
Patterns in Home Care Use in Manitoba
Authors: Mitchell Lori , Roos Noralou P. , Shapiro Evelyn 
Published: July 2005

ABSTRACTAdministrative home care data from the Manitoba Support Services Payroll (MSSP) system for fiscal years 1995/1996 to 1998/1999 were utilized to study home care client characteristics and changes in home care use over time. Patterns in home care access and use after hospitalization, before admission to a nursing home, and before death were examined. The study found that the majority of home care clients were female, aged 65 and over, and not married. The proportion of Manitobans using home care increased slowly, but significantly, over the 4 years. The greatest increases were found among the older age groups. The average number of days that clients received home care before death or before admission to a nursing home was stable over time, while a significant increase over time in home care use after hospitalization was experienced. These findings can be useful to regional health authorities for planning and budgeting.
Regional Variation in Home Care Use in Manitoba
Authors: Peterson Sandra , Shapiro Evelyn , Roos Noralou P. 
Published: July 2005

ABSTRACTPrevious studies report geographic variation in the use of home care services. In the province of Manitoba, home care is a core service that Manitoba' twelve regional health authorities (RHAs) are obligated to deliver. Manitoba' RHAs range from remote northern and rural southern regions to a major city, resulting in different challenges for delivering home care. Given this potential for inconsistent delivery and the previous findings of regional variation in other settings, the objective of this study was to measure and assess variation in the use of home care across Manitoba' RHAs. We used data from the Provincial Home Care Program' client registry, other health care administrative databases, and Vital Statistics. Home care use was measured using multiple indicators, including rates of population use, use after hospitalization, before entry to a long-term care facility, and before death. While some important differences emerged, overall we found comparable use of home care across Manitoba.
Data Quality in an Information-Rich Environment: Canada as an Example
Authors: Roos Leslie L. , Gupta Sumit , Soodeen Ruth-Ann , Jebamani Laurel 
Published: July 2005

ABSTRACTThis review evaluates the quality of available administrative data in the Canadian provinces, emphasizing the information needed to create integrated systems. We explicitly compare approaches to quality measurement, indicating where record linkage can and cannot substitute for more expensive record re-abstraction. Forty-nine original studies evaluating Canadian administrative data (registries, hospital abstracts, physician claims, and prescription drugs) are summarized in a structured manner. Registries, hospital abstracts, and physician files appear to be generally of satisfactory quality, though much work remains to be done. Data quality did not vary systematically among provinces. Primary data collection to check place of residence and longitudinal follow-up in provincial registries is needed. Promising initial checks of pharmaceutical data should be expanded. Because record linkage studies were “conservative” in reporting reliability, the reduction of time-consuming record re-abstraction appears feasible in many cases. Finally, expanding the scope of administrative data to study health, as well as health care, seems possible for some chronic conditions. The research potential of the information-rich environments being created highlights the importance of data quality.
A Methodology for Estimating Hospital Bed Need in Manitoba in 2020
Authors: Tate Robert B. , MacWilliam Leonard , Finlayson Gregory S. 
Published: July 2005

ABSTRACTA team of health researchers of the Manitoba Centre for Health Policy at the University of Manitoba was asked to forecast the number of acute care hospital beds that will be required to meet the needs of residents of the province of Manitoba by the year 2020. Methodological considerations for this request included identification of factors expected to affect bed use in the future, and how to account for these factors. The objective of this paper is to describe these methodological considerations, how decisions were made, and steps taken in our approach to this problem. The actual projections and their implications are the subject of another contribution in this issue of the journal (Finlayson, Stewart, Tate, MacWilliam & Roos, 2005).
Use of Physician Services by Older Adults: 1991/1992 to 2000/2001
Authors: Watson Diane E. , Heppner Petra , Reid Robert , Bogdanovic Bogdan , Roos Noralou 
Published: July 2005

ABSTRACTCanadians have expressed concern that access to family physicians (FP) has declined. Anonymized physician services data for 1991/1992 to 2000/2001 were used to evaluate changes in supply and age-specific rates of use of FPs and specialists in Winnipeg, Manitoba. Physician-to-population ratios declined 7.5 per cent, FP-to-population ratios declined 4.8 per cent, and specialist-to-population ratios declined 10.0 per cent. Among the general population, FP visit rates declined 3 per cent. Among older adults, physician visit rates increased 2.3 per cent, FP visit rates increased 10.9 per cent, and specialist visit rates declined 15.7 per cent. By comparison, we document declines in FP use by those younger than 5 years (25.5%) and those 6 to 19 years of age (18.6%). Increases in FP and declines in specialist use occurred primarily among those aged 65 to 84 years. By 2000/2001 older adults accounted for 25 per cent of all FP encounters. Gains in FP use among older adults was less attributable to the presence of more seniors and more related to the fact that a higher proportion of them are visiting a FP each year and, potentially, substituting primary for secondary care.
Growing Old Together: The Influence of Population and Workforce Aging on Supply and Use of Family Physicians
Authors: Watson Diane E. , Reid Robert , Roos Noralou , Heppner Petra 
Published: July 2005

ABSTRACTCanadians have expressed concern that access to a family physician (FP) has declined precipitously. Yet FP-to-population ratios remained relatively stable over the last decade, and there were perceptions of physician surpluses, at least in urban centres, 10 years ago. We evaluated whether demographic changes among patients and FPs, and in the volume of care received and provided over the period, contribute to this paradox. Given the relationship between age and FP use in fiscal year 1991/1992, an aging population should have been associated with a 2 per cent increase in visits by 2000/2001. Likewise, given the relationship between FP age and workloads in 1991/1992, an aging workforce should have been associated with a 12 per cent increase in service provision a decade later. Yet visit rates and average FP workloads remained unchanged. There was an increase in age-specific rates of FP use among older adults and a decline in rates among the young, and an increase in age-specific workloads such that older FPs provided many more services than their predecessors (30%) and younger FPs provided many fewer (20%). In terms of impact on future requirements for FPs, both changes in age-specific rates of use, and changes in age-specific patterns of FP productivity, trump population aging as key drivers.
Photophysical Behavior of a Dimeric Cyanine Dye (BOBO‐1) Within Cationic Liposomes
Authors: Madeira Catarina , Fedorov Aleksander , Aires‐Barros M. Raquel , Prieto Manuel , Loura Luís M. S. 
Published: July 2005

ABSTRACTThis study is aimed at establishing optimal conditions for the use of 2,2′‐[1,3‐propanediylbis[(dimethyliminio)‐3,1‐propanediyl‐1(4H)‐pyridinyl‐4‐ylidenemethy‐lidyne]]bis[3‐methyl]‐tetraiodide (BOBO‐1) as a fluorescent probe in the characterization of lipid/DNA complexes (lipoplexes). The fluorescence spectra, anisotropy, fluorescence lifetimes and fluorescence quantum yields of this dimeric cyanine dye in plasmid DNA (2694 base pairs) with and without cationic liposomes (1,2‐dioleoyl‐3‐trimethylammonium‐propane [DO‐TAP]), are reported. The photophysical behavior of the dye in the absence of lipid was studied for several dye/DNA ratios using both supercoiled and relaxed plasmid. At dye/DNA ratios (d/b) below 0.01 the fluorescence intensity increases linearly, whereas lifetime and anisotropy values of the dye are constant (τ¯∼ 2.5 ns and 〈r〉= 0.20). By agarose gel electrophoresis it was verified that up to d/b = 0.01 DNA conformation is not considerably modified, whereas for d/b = 0.05–0.06 a single heavy band appears on the gel. For these and higher dye/DNA ratios the fluorescence intensity, anisotropy and average lifetime values decrease with an increase in BOBO‐1 concentration. When cationic liposomes are added to the BOBO‐1/DNA complex, an additional effect is noticed: The difference in the environment probed by BOBO‐1 bound to DNA leads to a decrease in quantum yield and average lifetime values, and a redshift is apparent in the emission spectrum. For fluorescence measurements including energy transfer (FRET), a d/b ratio of 0.01 seems to be adequate because no considerable change on DNA conformation is detected, a considerable fluorescent signal is still measured after lipoplex formation, and energy migration is not efficient.
Weak cardinality theorems
Authors: Tantau Till 
Published: July 2005

AbstractKummer's Cardinality Theorem states that a language A must be recursive if a Turing machine can exclude for any n words , …, one of the n + 1 possibilities for the cardinality of {, …, }⋂ A. There was good reason to believe that this theorem is a peculiarity of recursion theory: neither the Cardinality Theorem nor weak forms of it hold for resource-bounded computational models like polynomial time. This belief may be flawed. In this paper it is shown that weak cardinality theorems hold for finite automata and also for other models. An explanation is proposed as to why recursion-theoretic and automata-theoretic weak cardinality theorems hold, but not corresponding 'middle-ground theorems': The recursion- and automata-theoretic weak cardinality theorems are instantiations of purely logical weak cardinality theorems. The logical theorems can be instantiated for logical structures characterizing recursive computations and finite automata computations. A corresponding structure characterizing polynomial time computations does not exist.
Bi-Borel reducibility of essentially countable Borel equivalence relations
Authors: Hjorth Greg 
Published: July 2005

This note answers a questions from [2] by showing that considered up to Borel reducibility, there are more essentially countable Borel equivalence relations than countable Borel equivalence relations. Namely:Theorem 0.1. There is an essentially countable Borel equivalence relation E such that for no countable Borel equivalence relation F (on a standard Borel space) do we haveThe proof of the result is short. It does however require an extensive rear guard campaign to extract from the techniques of [1] the followingMessy Fact 0.2. There are countable Borel equivalence relationssuch that:(i) eachExis defined on a standard Borel probability space (Xx, μx); each Ex is μx-invariant and μx-ergodic;(ii) forx1 ≠ x2 and A μxι -conull, we haveExι/Anot Borel reducible toEx2;(iii) if f: Xx → Xxis a measurable reduction ofExto itself then(iv)is a standard Borel space on which the projection functionis Borel and the equivalence relation Ê given byif and only ifx = x′ andzExz′ is Borel;(V)is Borel.We first prove the theorem granted this messy fact. We then prove the fact.(iv) and (v) are messy and unpleasant to state precisely, but are intended to express the idea that we have an effective parameterization of countable Borel equivalence relations by points in a standard Borel space. Examples along these lines appear already in the Adams-Kechris constructions; the new feature is (iii).Simon Thomas has pointed out to me that in light of theorem 4.4 [5] the Gefter-Golodets examples of section 5 [5] also satisfy the conclusion of 0.2.
Tuning Selectivity in Terpene Chemistry: Selective Hydrogenation versus Cascade Reactions over Copper Catalysts
Authors: Zaccheria F. , Ravasio N. , Fusi A. , Rodondi M. , Psaro R. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe selectivity of Cu/Al2O3 under very mild catalytic hydrogenation conditions can be tuned only by switching the solvent. Geraniol can be converted in a one‐pot one‐step process into a mixture of citronellol and menthol in hydrocarbon solvents or reduced to citronellol with 98% selectivity in 2‐propanol without any additive. Both reactions can be applied to essential oils or synthetic mixtures containing geraniol, citronellal and nerol.
Liquid‐Liquid‐Liquid Phase Transfer Catalysis: A Novel and Green Concept for Selective Reduction of Substituted Nitroaromatics
Authors: Yadav Ganapati D. , Lande Sharad V. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe selective reduction of nitroaromatics to the corresponding amines is an important transformation since many aromatic amines exhibit biological activities and find a multitude of industrial applications, being intermediates for the synthesis of dyes, pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. A variety of nitroaromatics dissolved in organic solvents was reduced by using aqueous sodium sulfide, and tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB) as the phase transfer catalyst by choosing appropriate concentrations which resulted in three immiscible liquid phases. Compared to L‐L PTC, the L‐L‐L PTC offers much higher rates of reaction, better selectivities and repeated use of catalyst. The selectivities for the desired products were 100%.
New Synthetic Approach to a [1.1.6] Metapara Cyclophane Derivative via Suzuki–Miyaura Cross‐Coupling and Ring‐Closing Metathesis
Authors: Kotha Sambasivarao , Mandal Kalyaneswar , Arora Kapildev K. , Pedireddi V. R. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe synthesis of a [1.1.6] metapara cyclophane derivative, 1,5(1,4),3(1,3)‐tribenzenacycloundecaphan‐8‐ene‐6,11‐dione, has been achieved via the Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling of α,α′‐dibromo‐m‐xylene with an arylboronic acid derivative followed by an allylation and ring‐closing metathesis reaction sequence.
Nanocrystalline ZnO as an Efficient Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Synthesis of 5‐Substituted 1H‐Tetrazoles
Authors: Lakshmi Kantam M. , Kumar K. B. Shiva , Sridhar Ch. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractNanocrystalline ZnO is an effective heterogeneous catalyst for the [2+3]‐cycloaddition of sodium azide with nitriles to afford 5‐substituted 1H‐tetrazoles in good yields.
Modular Furanoside Diphosphite Ligands for Pd‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Substitution Reactions: Scope and Limitations
Authors: Diéguez Montserrat , Pàmies Oscar , Claver Carmen 
Published: July 2005

AbstractWe have synthesized a library of furanoside diphosphite ligands for the Pd‐catalyzed allylic substitution reactions of acyclic and cyclic allylic esters. The library has been designed to rapidly screen the ligands to uncover their important structural features and to determine the scope of diphosphite ligands in these catalytic reactions. After the systematic variation of the sugar backbone, the substituent at C‐5 and the phosphite moieties, the diphosphite ligand 4c was found to be optimal in the Pd‐catalyzed asymmetric allylic substitution of hindered (S1) and unhindered (S2–S5) substrates, yielding high activities [TOFs up to >3000 mol×(mol×h)−1] and enantioselectivities (ees up to 99%). In addition, the screening of the library enabled us to find other suitable ligands for hindered disubstituted linear substrate S1 (ligands 1b–d, g and 4b, d, g) and for unhindered cyclic substrates S3–S5 (ligands 6c and 7c).
Asymmetric Sulfoxidation of Thioethers with Hydrogen Peroxide in Water Mediated by Platinum Chiral Catalyst
Authors: Scarso Alessandro , Strukul Giorgio 
Published: July 2005

AbstractEasy stereoselective oxidation of prochiral aryl alkyl sulfides 2 to the corresponding sulfoxides can be achieved in water‐surfactant medium with inexpensive hydrogen peroxide mediated by the chiral platinum diphosphine complex {[(R)‐BINAP]Pt(μ‐OH)}2(BF4)2 (1). Remarkable key features of general interest are (i) easy isolation of the products from catalyst by simple diethyl ether/water‐surfactant two phase separation, (ii) catalyst loading as low as 1% mol, (iii) good yields, sulfoxide 3 to sulfone 4 ratio up to 200 : 1 and enantioselectivities up to 88%, (iv) mild experimental conditions.
A Novel Microencapsulated Osmium Catalyst Using Cross‐Linked Polystyrene as an Efficient Catalyst for Asymmetric Dihydroxylation of Olefins in Water
Authors: Ishida Tasuku , Akiyama Ryo , Kobayashi Shū 
Published: July 2005

AbstractA novel microencapsulated osmium catalyst (PSresin‐MC Os) was developed using cross‐linked polystyrene. The concept of this method may go beyond that of microencapsulation. The catalyst was successfully used in asymmetric dihydroxylation in water, and it was recovered quantitatively by simple filtration and reused several times without loss of activity. The shape of the catalyst was maintained even after several uses. Moreover, no leaching of the Os component was detected.
Regioselective Addition Reactions of Propargyl Bromides to Carbonyl Compounds with Gallium Catalyzed by Indium
Authors: Lee Phil Ho , Kim Hyun , Lee Kooyeon 
Published: July 2005

AbstractReactions of organogallium reagents generated from propargyl bromides having substituents at the γ‐position and gallium in the presence of 5 mol % of indium with aldehydes and ketones selectively produced homoallenyl alcohols in good to excellent yields. Treatment of organogallium reagents obtained from propargyl bromide or propargyl bromides having substituents at the α‐position and gallium in the presence of 5 mol % of indium with carbonyl compounds selectively afforded homopropargyl alcohols.
Diphosphines of dppf‐Type Incorporating Electron‐Withdrawing Furyl Moieties Substantially Improve the Palladium‐Catalysed Amination of Allyl Acetates
Authors: Fihri Aziz , Hierso Jean‐Cyrille , Vion Anthony , Nguyen Duc Hanh , Urrutigoïty Martine , Kalck Philippe , Amardeil Régine , Meunier Philippe 
Published: July 2005

AbstractHighly active Pd/diphosphine catalytic systems incorporating new, air‐stable ferrocenyl‐furylphosphines allow nucleophilic allylic amination at room temperature with unprecedented turnover frequencies. For instance, in the presence of 0.01 mol % catalyst the coupling of aniline to allyl acetate occurs at a TOF of more than 10,000 h−1; even the addition of the less nucleophile morpholine to allyl acetate is observed with a TOF of 4250 h−1. The amination of the sterically demanding geranyl acetate, a monoterpene derivative of interest in the flavour industry, at low catalyst loadings demonstrates the scope of this methodology, which provides in addition noticeable advantages in terms of economical (resource‐ and energy‐saving) and sustainable chemistry (high selectivity, no additive, low metal content, and thus easier purification).
Sulfobutyl Ether‐β‐Cyclodextrins: Promising Supramolecular Carriers for Aqueous Organometallic Catalysis
Authors: Blach Philippe , Landy David , Fourmentin Sophie , Surpateanu Gheorghe , Bricout Hervé , Ponchel Anne , Hapiot Frédéric , Monflier Eric 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe potentialities of sulfobutyl ether‐β‐CDs derivatives as supramolecular carrier in a biphasic Tsuji–Trost reaction catalyzed by a water‐soluble palladium complex of trisulfonated triphenylphosphine have been investigated. The efficiency of these cyclodextrins (CDs) strongly depends on the average molar substitution degree of cyclodextrin and the highest rate enhancements were obtained with cyclodextrins containing about 7 sulfobutyl ether groups. This result was attributed to the absence of a strong interaction between this cyclodextrin and the trisulfonated triphenylphosphine used to dissolve the catalyst in the aqueous phase and to the presence of an extended hydrophobic cavity allowing a better molecular recognition between the substrate and the cyclodextrin. This constitutes the first example of a non‐interacting β‐cyclodextrin/phosphine couple with high catalytic activities.
Bulky Achiral Triarylphosphines Mimic BINAP in Ru(II)‐ Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Ketones
Authors: Jing Qing , Zhang Xue , Sun Jie , Ding Kuiling 
Published: July 2005

AbstractIn the present work, we report on catalysis of the enantioselective hydrogenation of ketones with Ru(II) complexes composed of cheap achiral monodentate phosphine ligands in combination with an enantiopure 1,2‐diamine, affording a variety of optically active secondary alcohols with high efficiency and enantioselectivity. The steric impact of achiral monophosphine ligands in Ru complexes was found to be a critical factor for the high enantioselectivity of the reaction. This finding throws some light on a long‐standing challenge, the high cost of chiral bisphosphine ligands, associated with an industrial application of the asymmetric hydrogenation of ketones.
Cyanide‐Catalyzed Additions of Acyl Phosphonates to Aldehydes: A New Acyl Donor for Benzoin‐Type Reactions
Authors: Bausch Cory C. , Johnson Jeffrey S. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractAcyl phosphonates have been utilized as new acyl donors for cyanide‐catalyzed benzoin‐type reactions. Cyanation of acyl phosphonates, followed by a [1,2]‐phosphoryl migration generates the active acyl anion intermediate. The presumed (cyano)phosphate anion reacts with a variety of aryl aldehydes to yield phosphate ester‐protected, unsymmetrical benzoins in good to excellent yields. The unsymmetrical benzoin product can be obtained after deprotection of the phosphate ester with an aqueous amine solution.
New numerical method for solving the dynamic population balance equations
Authors: Hu Q. , Rohani S. , Jutan A. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractA new numerical scheme is proposed for solving general dynamic population balance equations (PBE). The PBE considered can simultaneously include the kinetic processes of nucleation, growth, aggregation and breakage. Using the features of population balance, this method converts the PBE into a succession of algebraic equations which can be solved easily and accurately. The new method is free from stability and dispersion problems of general numerical techniques. Some benchmark problems with analytic solutions were tested. In all cases tested this method gave accurate results with very few computational requirements. For nucleation and size‐independent growth without aggregation and breakage, the numerical method gives exactly the same result as analytic solution. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2005