bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Water Quality and Land Use Shape Bacterial Communities Across 621 Canadian Lakes
Authors: Onana Vera E. , Beisner Beatrix E. , Walsh David A. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTHuman activities such as agriculture and urban development are linked to water quality degradation. Canada represents a large and heterogeneous landscape of freshwater lakes, where variations in climate, geography and geology interact with land cover alteration to influence water quality differently across regions. In this study, we investigated the influence of water quality and land use on bacterial communities across 12 ecozones. At the pan‐Canadian scale, total phosphorus (TP) was the most significant water quality variable influencing community structure, and the most pronounced shift was observed at 110 μg/L of TP, corresponding to the transition from eutrophic to hypereutrophic conditions. At the regional scale, water quality significantly explained bacterial community structure in all ecozones. In terms of land use effect, at the pan‐Canadian scale, agriculture and, to a lesser extent, urbanisation were significant land use variables influencing community structure. Regionally, in ecozones characterised by extensive agriculture, this land cover variable was consistently significant in explaining community structure. Likewise, in extensively urbanised ecozones, urbanisation was consistently significant in explaining community structure. Overall, these results demonstrate that bacterial richness and community structure are influenced by water quality and shaped by agriculture and urban development in different ways.
Urbanisation Does Not Affect Allometric Relationships in a Widespread Amazonian Dung Beetle Species
Authors: Munguía‐Steyer Roberto , Salomão Renato Portela , Bernardino Glenda Vanessa , Cornelius Cíntia 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe environmental pressures promoted by urban ecosystems can play a pivotal role in the sexual attributes of native species that persist in cities. Dung beetles' body size and cephalic appendages are determinant for mating success and couple acceptance, directly affecting individual fitness. The objective of this study was to test how different levels of urbanisation affect tubercle length–body size allometry of Dichotomius boreus individuals. Dung beetles were sampled in three habitats: city core, city outskirts and rural sites. Individuals had their body and tubercle lengths measured to assess their allometric relationships. There was a hyperallometric relationship between body size and tubercle length, which did not differ between sexes according to their habitat type. Moreover, there were no differences in allometric slopes between habitats in neither sex. The results of our study could suggest that the sexual selective force for the expression of different tubercle lengths in males and females is similar and responded similarly in the different studied habitats of the urban landscape of this study. Future studies encompassing Dichotomius dung beetles would be necessary to establish the evolution of allometric relationships in this clade and its relation to the intra‐ and interspecific interactions.
The Juan Fernández Wrasse Malapterus reticulatus in the Continental Shelf of Chile
Authors: Almendras Diego , Villafana Jaime A. , Rivadeneira Marcelo M. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe Juan Fernández Wrasse, Malapterus reticulatus, previously considered endemic to the Desventuradas and Juan Fernández Islands, is reported for the first time on the continental shelf of Chile. Observations were gathered from reports shared by divers and spearfishers on social media platforms. A machine learning model confirmed these records, providing evidence of the species presence along the coast of central Chile. Therefore, these records expand the known range of the fish.
Does pregnancy in adolescence increase the chances of osteoporosis among aged women? Findings from the ELSI study
Authors: Gonçalves Gisele Souza , Silva Grasiela Junqueira , Sant'Anna Monique Oliveira , de Carvalho Vidigal Fernanda , de Souza Paulino Alice Helena , Lima Daniela Braga , de Almeida Paula Hudsara Aparecida , da Silva Rosângela , Barra Roberta Ribeiro Silva , do Carmo Mariana Araújo Vieira , de Brito Tábatta Renata Pereira 
Published: January 2025

AbstractObjectiveBone mineral density changes during the life span, rising rapidly during adolescence, plateauing around 30 years of age and decreasing in later years. Life events such as pregnancy and lactation temporarily reduce bone density, and their long‐term effects on osteoporosis development are still unclear. This study aimed to analyse the association between pregnancy in adolescence and osteoporosis in aged women.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study conducted with data from the ELSI‐Brazil baseline (2015–2016). The sample consisted of 2634 women aged 60 years old or over with complete information for the variables of interest. Data collection was conducted through individual home interviews and physical assessments. The dependent variable was osteoporosis and the independent variable of interest was pregnancy in adolescents under 20 years of age. The association between the variables was tested using multiple logistic regression.ResultsThe prevalence of osteoporosis was 32%, and the percentage of women who reported pregnancy in adolescence was 38%. After adjusting for socio‐economic and health variables, an association was observed between pregnancy in adolescence and osteoporosis (OR = 1.38; 95% CI = 1.09–1.73), which indicates that specific bone health interventions for teenage mothers could help prevent osteoporosis later in life.ConclusionWomen who reported pregnancy before age 20 were more likely to report osteoporosis in old age, indicating that pregnancy in adolescence can be a criterion for directing actions to prevent osteoporosis in aged women.
The prevalence and related factors of social frailty in older adults: A low‐ and middle‐income country perspective
Authors: Cataltepe Esra , Ceker Eda , Fadiloglu Ayse , Gungor Fatih , Karakurt Nermin , Varan Hacer Dogan 
Published: January 2025

AbstractObjectivesThere are no studies examining the prevalence of social frailty and associated factors in low‐ and middle‐income countries. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of social frailty and identify the contributing factors among older adults in Türkiye.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included 570 participants aged 65 and older, all outpatients at a geriatric clinic. Data for demographics and co‐morbidities were collected. Anthropometric measurements and comprehensive geriatric assessments were conducted. Social frailty was assessed using the 5‐item Social Frailty Index (SFI), and physical frailty was evaluated with the Fried Frailty Phenotype. Sarcopenia was diagnosed based on low handgrip strength and reduced calf circumference.ResultsParticipants' mean age was 75.2 ± 6.3 years. Social frailty, depression, physical frailty and sarcopenia prevalence were 24%, 25%, 14% and 26%, respectively. Social frailty was reported to be statistically higher in women and those living alone, while significantly lower in married individuals. Depression, physical frailty and sarcopenia were more commonly observed in participants with social frailty (p < .01). Furthermore, participants with heart failure and Parkinson's disease were more socially vulnerable than those with other co‐morbid conditions. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age, physical frailty and depressive mood significantly increased social frailty, whereas being married decreased it even after adjusting for potential confounding factors.ConclusionsSocial frailty was more prevalent than physical frailty among Turkish older adults, reaching 24%. Advanced age, depression, physical frailty and being unmarried were strongly related factors to social frailty.
Quality cue or price anchoring: The effect of price on consumer behavior in repeat experiments
Authors: Yu Luqing , Gao Zhifeng , House Lisa 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPrice is one of the most important factors affecting consumer purchase decisions. Consumers may use price as a quality cue or reference point to make the decisions. However, few studies have considered the quality cue by controlling the price anchoring and vice versa. We conduct four identical experiments weeks apart to estimate the effect of price on consumers' product quality evaluation and WTP. The results show that (1) the price has a significant impact on appearance rating and taste rating; (2) product quality mediates the price effect on consumer WTP only if consumers have incomplete quality information about the product; and (3) the marginal effect of price on consumer WTP differs over time. The results of this study provide deep insights into the role of price on consumers' quality assessment and valuation formation of products.
Morphological Characteristics and Extracellular Matrix Abnormalities in Astrocytes Derived From iPSCs of Children With Alexander Disease
Authors: Yi Huan , Zhang Jie , Gao Kai , Yan Wei , Chu Hongyuan , Zhang Junjiao , Zhang Fan , Jiang Yuwu , Wang Jingmin , Wu Ye 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAimsAlexander disease (AxD) is a leukodystrophy caused by mutations in the astrocytic filament gene GFAP. There are currently no effective treatments for AxD. Previous studies have rarely established AxD models with the patient's original GFAP mutations. In this study, we aimed to explore the morphological and transcriptomic characteristics of GFAP‐mutant astrocytes via induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) models of AxD.MethodsFibroblasts from three AxD children were reprogrammed into iPSCs. Wild‐type (WT) and AxD‐iPSCs were differentiated into astrocytes. We compared the morphological and transcriptomic differences between WT‐ and AxD iPSC–derived astrocytes.ResultsAstrocytes induced from AxD‐derived iPSCs exhibited the Rosenthal fibers (RFs), the main pathological phenotype of AxD. Compared with WT astrocytes, AxD astrocytes had shorter processes, more branches, and larger cell bodies. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that extracellular matrix (ECM) components, particularly chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs), were upregulated, and ECM‐degrading enzymes were generally downregulated. These changes may lead to abnormalities in neurons and myelination.ConclusionsWe explored the morphological characteristics of AxD astrocytes via iPSC models and revealed the ECM, previously unexplored for AxD, may be an important new pathogenic mechanism of this disease.
DNA Damage Repair in Glioblastoma: A Novel Approach to Combat Drug Resistance
Authors: Gaiaschi Ludovica , Casali Claudio , Stabile Andrea , D'Amico Sharon , Ravera Mauro , Gabano Elisabetta , Galluzzo Andrea , Favaron Cristina , Gola Federica , De Luca Fabrizio , Pellegatta Serena , Bottone Maria Grazia 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTDue to the lack of effective therapeutic approach, glioblastoma (GBM) remains one of the most malignant brain tumour. By in vitro investigations on primary GBM stem cells, we highlighted one of the underlying mechanisms of drug resistance to alkylating agents, the DNA damage responses. Here, flow cytometric analysis and viability and repopulation assays were used to assess the long‐term cytotoxic effect induced by the administration of a fourth‐generation platinum prodrug, the (OC‐6‐44)‐acetatodiamminedichlorido(2‐(2‐propynyl)octanoato) platinum(IV) named Pt(IV)Ac‐POA, in comparison to the most widely used Cisplatin. The immunofluorescence studies revealed changing pathways involved in the DNA damage response mechanisms in response to the two chemotherapies, suggesting in particular the role of Poly (ADP‐Ribose) polymerases in the onset of resistance to Cisplatin‐induced cytotoxicity. Thus, this research provides a proof of concept for how the use of a prodrug which allows the co‐administration of Cisplatin and an Histone DeACetylase inhibitors, could suppress DNA repair mechanisms, suggesting a novel effective approach in GBM treatment.
Consciousness trajectories and functional independence after acute brain injury in children with prolonged disorder of consciousness
Authors: Chen Ningning , Zheng Helin , Feng Ying , Chen Congjie , Xie Li , Wang Duan , Duan Xiaoling , Zhang Ting , Xiao Nong , Li Tingsong 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAimTo explore the trajectories of consciousness recovery and prognosis‐associated predictors in children with prolonged disorder of consciousness (pDoC).MethodThis single‐centre, retrospective, observational cohort involved 134 (87 males, 47 females) children diagnosed with pDoC and hospitalized at the Department of Rehabilitation at the Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University in China. The median onset age was 30 (interquartile range [IQR] 18–54) months, with onset ages ranging from 3 to 164 months. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression and logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the independent predictors of consciousness recovery at 1 year after brain injury. Discrimination and calibration were assessed using 1000 bootstrap resamples. The potential predictors of resultant living independence were also explored.ResultsThe predictors for consciousness recovery at 1‐year postinjury were: traumatic brain injury (odds ratio [OR]: 3.26, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.21–9.46), electroencephalogram (EEG) grade IV or below based on Young's classification (OR: 3.41, 95% CI: 1.38–8.70), and no bilateral impairments in the basal ganglia (OR: 3.75, 95% CI: 1.50–9.91) or posterior cingulate (OR: 5.61, 95% CI: 2.20–15.54). A nomogram was constructed with the area under the curve of 0.845 (95% CI: 0.780–0.911). Additionally, EEG grade IV or below, and the absence of bilateral impairments in the frontal lobes and occipital lobes were associated with favorable functional outcomes.InterpretationThese findings underscore the importance of comprehensive early‐stage assessments in evaluating consciousness and function, assisting clinicians and families in making clinical decisions.
Polymicrogyria in infants with symptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus at birth is associated with epilepsy: A retrospective, descriptive cohort study
Authors: Lawson George , Sheeka Alexander , Gaur Pritika , Alifieraki Styliani , Basheer Nigel , Jan Wajanat , Kachramanoglou Carolina , Lyall Hermione 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAimTo identify neonatal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features that predict the likelihood of children with congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) developing epilepsy, together with clinical features and a validated MRI scoring system.MethodThis was a retrospective descriptive cohort study of infants with cCMV referred to a paediatric infectious disease centre between April 2012 and March 2022, and followed up for at least 2 years. MRI was performed before 4 months of age and assessed by two paediatric neuroradiologists.ResultsNinety children with cCMV were included, 46 were female and 44 were male. The median age at MRI was 20 days, (standard deviation = 34, range = 1–200). Seventy‐two of 90 children were symptomatic at birth and 7 of 72 developed epilepsy (9.7% of symptomatic infants, 7.8% of total). None of 18 asymptomatic children developed epilepsy. Those with epilepsy were more likely to be symptomatic at birth (100% vs. 76%, p = 0.14) and to have cortical malformations (86% vs. 15%, p < 0.001). Infants with polymicrogyria (PMG) were more likely to develop epilepsy (odds ratio = 35 [3.9–317.1], p < 0.001). A 1‐year remission was achieved in three of seven children; four required multiple antiseizure medications without remission.InterpretationThe strongest correlate of epilepsy development was PMG. Infants with symptomatic cCMV at birth and PMG were more likely to develop epilepsy, and were likely to require one or more antiseizure medications. Parents of infants with cCMV and cortical malformations should be counselled regarding this risk. Including PMG severity in cCMV MRI scoring could improve epilepsy risk prediction.
Problem‐Solving Skills of Israeli Higher Education Graduates in Tech‐Rich Environments: An Analysis of PIAAC Data
Authors: Dadon‐Golan Zehorit , BenDavid‐Hadar Iris 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe knowledge‐based economy and the information society highlights the importance of developing new competencies for personal, professional and social integration. Problem‐solving in technologically rich environments (PS‐TREs) is one of these competencies. This research examines the relationships between higher education and the PS‐TREs competencies in both professional and daily life contexts, controlling for socio‐personal characteristics (e.g., age and gender). Specifically, we focused on Israeli higher education graduates in comparison to their counterparts, between the ages of 25 and 65 in Israel, using data of 5342 participants in the PIAAC survey dataset. Using logistic regression models, our findings indicate HE graduates acquire higher levels of PS‐TREs, compared to their counterparts. This result is positively mediated through socio‐personal characteristics such as being older or being a woman. Specifically, the probabilities of HE graduates utilising PS‐TREs at work and in daily life are higher than that of participants with lower level of education (3, and 3.27 times higher, respectively). We find gender and age disparities, favouring male and younger participants. The probabilities of females using PS‐TREs at work, and in daily life are lower than male participants (70%, and 67%, respectively). Moreover, each additional year is correlated with a 4% decrease in the likelihood of using PS‐TREs in daily life. Interestingly, the acquisition of higher education (HE) is associated with further narrowing of gaps, particularly in the context of work. This study highlights the importance of HE in reinforcing PS‐TREs skills in adulthood to mitigate social and labour exclusion.
Teaching Motivation of In‐Service Teachers, Professional Identity, and Self‐Efficacy for Teaching Computational Thinking
Authors: Polat Elif , Kadirhan Zafer , Hopcan Sinan , Yildiz Durak Hatice , Canbazoglu Bilici Sedef 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis study aims to examine the structures that affect the teaching motivation of in‐service teachers. In this context, self‐efficacy in teaching computational thinking and professional identity have been focused on. To that end, the relational screening model has been used. A demographic information form and three different scales were used to collect the data. The Teacher Professional Identity Scale has been adapted to Turkish culture for teachers in the context of this study. The Structural Equation Model was used in the analysis of the data. As a result of the research, teachers with a solid commitment to subject knowledge and academic standards are more likely to prioritise specific teaching orientations. However, no significant relationships were found between Instructor Identity Orientation (IIO) and T‐STEM Computational Thinking Self‐efficacy (SE), T‐STEM Computational Thinking Outcome Expectation (OE), Intrinsic Motivation (IM) and Extrinsic Motivation (EM). SE, in teaching computational thinking, displayed positive associations with Teacher‐centered Orientation (TCO), OE, and IM. This implies that teachers who feel confident in their ability to teach computational thinking tend to adopt a more teacher‐centered approach, have positive outcome expectations, and experience intrinsic motivation. Teaching motivation was positively associated with teachers' self‐efficacy and outcome expectancy beliefs for teaching computational thinking. The fact that teachers have the necessary equipment for their professional identities, examining the variables related to this competence, and developing suggestions is an essential reason for the importance of the current research and shedding light on future studies.
Learning to Play the Piano in China: Opportunities to Improve the Skills of Piano Playing and Piano Performance Based on the Professional Performance of Modern Pianists
Authors: Chen Chen , Lin Wen 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis research aimed to study the peculiarities of learning to play the piano in China as a consequence of improving piano skills arising from the professional performance of modern pianists. By employing the coefficient of performance, it was determined by the authors that merely 11% of respondents possessed a high level of baseline piano skills, while 76% demonstrated intermediate proficiency. This finding indicates a deficiency in the ability to execute intricate musical compositions. According to students, concentration on professional piano work added to the development of piano skills. The study of the features of Lang Lang's piano work showed that the composer used extravagance techniques, focused on individual nuances, and popularised classical music. The practical significance of this paper lies in the possibility of applying the playing principles of famous pianists in the educational system to develop learning mechanisms.
What Is the Association Between Teachers' Autonomous Motivation, Controlled Motivation and Students' Emotional Well‐Being? A Multilevel Mediation Analysis
Authors: Ju Enxia , Qi Huaiyuan , Qu Guoliang , Luo Yangmei , Li Ying , You Xuqun 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTTeachers' motivation, which pertains to the reasons to sustain teaching, plays a pivotal role in shaping students' learning motivation, school engagement, and academic achievement. However, the relationship between teachers' motivation and students' emotional well‐being remains unclear. This study, grounded in self‐determination theory and the prosocial classroom model, investigated the associations between teachers' autonomous motivation and controlled motivation with students' emotional well‐being and examined the potential mediating role of students' perceived teacher‐student relationships and teacher support in these associations. The current study involved 49 homeroom teachers and 1853 students, assessing teachers' autonomous motivation, controlled motivation, students' perception of teacher support, teacher‐student relationships, and emotional well‐being. The results of the multilevel analysis indicated that (1) teachers' autonomous motivation positively predicted students' emotional well‐being, mediated by teacher support; (2) teachers' controlled motivation negatively predicted students' emotional well‐being, mediated by both students' perception of the student‐teacher relationship and teacher support. The findings underscore the significance of intervening in teachers' work motivation, particularly controlled motivation, in educational and teaching practices to improve students' mental health.
Scoping Review of Universal Design for Learning Principles Embedded in Subjects in Secondary Education
Authors: Phelan Danielle , Maguire Helen , Finnegan Clare 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTTo date, much of the research on UDL has focussed on higher education, with a dearth of research surrounding UDL within secondary education. This study aimed to identify the application of the principles of UDL embedded in subjects in secondary education worldwide. The PRISMA ScR methodological framework was employed, and numerical summaries and thematic analysis were utilised to describe the data quantitatively and qualitatively, respectively. Results demonstrate that most of the articles were based in North America, used an intervention study approach and reported positive results on student engagement post‐intervention. While all articles displayed evidence of UDL pedagogical practices, some articles did not specifically identify these practises as UDL. This could suggest that (1) an awareness of UDL as an inclusive pedagogical framework is lacking in current educational research, and/or (2) UDL may be incorporated into teaching practices more frequently than is currently being identified. The findings suggest that future research from a European context may provide novel insight into the operationalisation and potential of UDL in secondary education.