bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Digestion‐Resistant Dextrin Derivatives Are Moderately Digested in The Small Intestine and Contribute More to Energy Production Than Predicted from Large Bowel Fermentation in Rats
Authors: Kondo Takashi , Genda Tomomi , Hino Shingo , Hamaguchi Norihisa , Morita Tatsuya 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundDigestion‐resistant dextrin derivatives (DRDDs) including resistant maltodextrin (RM), polydextrose (PD) and resistant glucan (RG) have been developed as low energy foods. However, attempts to quantify the in vivo small intestinal resistance of DRDDs are scarce.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to determine the site and the extent of DRDD breakdown in the rat intestine and to predict their contribution to energy production.MethodsIn vitro small intestinal resistance of DRDDs was evaluated by the two methods, i.e., AOAC method for dietary fiber measurement, and artificial digestion method using a pancreatic a‐amylase and brush boarder membrane vesicles. In vivo small intestinal resistance of DRDDs was determined from feces in Sprague‐Dawley ileorectostomized rats (males aged 7 wk) fed a diet including RM, PD or RG at 50 g/ kg for 9 d (period 1) and then for 10 d (period 2), during which time they received neomycin (1 g/L) in their drinking water. Separately, Sprague‐Dawley normal rats (males aged 9 wk) were fed the same diets for 4 wk, and the whole‐gut recoveries of DRDDs were determined from feces at d8–10.ResultsThe in vitro small intestinal resistance with the artificial digestion (RM, 70%; PD, 67%; RG, 69%) was lower than those with AOAC method (RM, 92%; PD, 80%; RG, 82%). In vivo small intestinal resistance of DRDDs was RM (68%), PD (58%) and RG (62%) in the period 1, and RM (66%), PD (61%) and RG (67%) in the period 2. Digestion resistance among DRDDs was comparable in either period. The whole‐gut recovery of RM (13%) was lower than that of PD (33%) or RG (29%).ConclusionsDRDDs were more digestible in the rat small intestine than in vitro prediction by AOAC method. The energy contribution from small intestine digestibility, not just large bowel fermentability, must be considered in determining the energy contribution of DRDDs. However, the findings need to be replicated in humans.
Compromised Nutritional Status of Adults with Celiac Disease on a Gluten Free Diet: The Case of Lebanon
Authors: Bassil Maya , Hassan Hussein 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionInvestigating the nutritional status of individuals with Celiac Disease (CD) in the Middle East is warranted. Reasons for this include the reported disease prevalence, poor public awareness about CD, and lack of food regulations for the production and inspection of gluten‐free labelled products.ObjectivesTo assess the dietary intake and body composition including bone mineral density (BMD) of Lebanese adults with CD following a gluten‐free diet (GFD).MethodsWe conducted a case‐control study, whereby two healthy control adults were matched for age and sex with each CD subject. A preliminary sample of 19 adults with CD (age = 30 ± 3 years; 58 % females) and 32 control subjects (age = 27 ± 2 years; 50 % females) were recruited. Weight and height were measured using standard procedure. Body composition including body fat, lean body mass and bone mineral content and density (total body, hip and spine) were assessed using dual energy x‐ray absorptiometry (DXA, Prodigy, GE Healthcare). To assess dietary intake, three‐day food records were collected and analysed using Nutritionist Pro software (version 3.2, AXXYA).ResultsSubjects with CD had significantly (p < 0.05) lower weight, Body Mass Index (BMI) and fat mass (63.3 ± 3.0 Kg; 22.2 ± 0.8 Kg/m2; 17.8±2.0 Kg, respectively) compared to controls (25.7 ± 0.7 Kg; 25.7 ± 0.7 Kg/m2, 24.7 ± 1.9 Kg, respectively). Total body and spine (L1–14) BMD of CD subjects were 14 % and 6 % lower than those of controls (p < 0.05). Dietary assessment revealed significantly lower thiamin and folate intake among subjects with CD.ConclusionsIn line with the literature, Lebanese adults with CD have significantly lower BMI, fat mass and BMD compared to controls, while their diet is low in thiamine and folate. These results could be due to the inherent poor quality of GFD, lack of awareness about disease management and potential gluten contamination in their diet due to the absent food regulations for gluten‐free products in Lebanon. These findings thus highlight the need for further investigations on this matter to eventually guide public policy development.Support or Funding InformationThis study was funded by the Lebanese American University, Department of Natural Sciences
Serum vitamin D levels in individuals with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), with or without non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
Authors: Goktas Zeynep , Atilgan Zeynep Tugba Donmez 
Published: November 2023

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has an increasing prevalence in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Although PCOS is considered as a reproductive disorder, it is also a metabolic disorder due to its involvement in insulin resistance. Obesity and insulin resistance are the main factors related to NAFLD in PCOS.The purpose of this study was to assess NAFLD status in PCOS and analyze vitamin D serum levels in fertile individuals diagnosed with PCOS. A total of 68 female subjects, between the ages of 18 to 38, were recruited to the study. All the subjects were diagnosed with PCOS according to 2003 Rotterdam Revised Consensus by a gynecologist. A questionnaire evaluating general characteristics, physical activity and nutritional habits was administered by a trained dietitian. Abdominal ultrasonography was administered by a radiologist for NAFLD diagnosis. Blood samples were collected. Elecsys® Vitamin D total kits (Roche, Switzerland) were used to analyze the serum vitamin D levels.A total of 35 subjects (48.5%) was diagnosed with NAFLD. Mean serum vitamin D level was deficient at 11.7 ± 5.57 ng/mL however, vitamin D levels were not significantly different between subjects without NAFLD and subjects with NAFLD (10.5 ± 5.74 ng/mL and 13.0 ± 5.17 ng/mL, respectively, p>0.05). Mean Body Mass Index (BMI) was 31.8 ± 6.07 kg/m2 and BMI was significantly higher among subjects with NAFLD than subjects without NAFLD (34.9 ± 5.45 kg/m2 and 28.9 ± 5.13 kg/m2, respectively, p<0.001). Serum vitamin D levels did not significantly differ among subjects with normal vitamin D levels, subjects with insufficient vitamin D levels and subjects with deficient vitamin D levels. In this study, vitamin D level is observed to be <20ng/mL in 91.6% of the individuals having PCOS.NAFLD and vitamin D insufficiency seem to be common disorders among individuals with PCOS. Individuals with PCOS should be examined in terms of NAFLD and serum vitamin D levels.
The analysis of protein consumption patterns in patients with SIBO
Authors: Isakov Vasily , Pilipenko Vladimir , Vlasova Alina 
Published: November 2023

Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is common in patients with gastrointestinal diseases. SIBO symptoms are improved with antimicrobial treatment, but recurrence rate is high (approximately 40%). Dietary modification is essential for prevention of recurrence of SIBO however there are no detailed studies of nutrition in SIBO patients. Protein consumption is considered important for SIBO, as the proteins from animal source are essential for growth of CH4/H2‐producing microorganisms.The aim of the study was to assess the protein consumption patterns in patients with different types of SIBO.Three‐day food diary was collected from 574 patients, undergoing CH4/H2 lactulose breath test. The photographs used to estimate the size of the portions eaten. According to food composition and portion all dishes in food diary were converted into constituent products by food groups. Each food group were compared with the normal levels of a healthy diet pyramid based on daily calories (normal value = 1.0). According to the breath test results the patients were divided into 4 subgroups of different SIBO types (H2, CH4, H2 and CH4) and a subgroup with no signs of SIBO (Tab. 1).All types SIBO patients consumed less meat than control (no signs of SIBO), however patients with hyperproduction of CH4 only demonstrated highest consumption of fish, and it was a trend in patients with isolated H2‐hyperproduction to consume more poultry than other groups. There were no differences between groups in consumption of processed meat foods or eggs.In conclusion, there are specific animal protein consumption patterns related to the type of the SIBO, which can be used for the planning of dietetic interventions in patients for prevention of SIBO recurrence.
Consumption of protein products in SIBO patients.

Food
No SIBOn=65
H2 SIBO (> 20ppM) n=312
CH4 SIBO (> 12ppM) n = 77
H2/CH4 SIBOn = 123
Significance

Meat
0.58±0.71
0.37±0.58
0.42±0.67
0.31±0.45
p=0.015 no SIBO vs H2 SIBO;p=0.017 no SIBO vs H2/CH4 SIBO;p=0.059 no SIBO vs CH4 SIBO

Poultry
0.38±0.49
0.52±0.63
0.41±0.50
0.39±0.48
p=0.074 H2 SIBO vs H2/CH4 SIBO

Eggs
0.11±0.19
0.14±0.22
0.13±0.21
0.10±0.17
NS

Fish
0.27±0.37
0.22±0.43
0.56±0.75
0.33±0.77
p=0.001 CH4 SIBO vs H2 SIBO;p=0.004 CH4 SIBO vs H2/CH4 SIBO;p= 0.024 CH4 SIBO vs No SIBO

Processed meat products (sausages, etc)
0.08±0.11
0.12±0.14
0.07±0.11
0.08±0.12
NS
Anti‐inflammatory effects of Pleurotus eryngii (mushroom) in the colon: role of gut microbiota
Authors: Yuan Biao , Gu Min , Han Yanhui , Ma Gaoxing , Hu Qiuhui , Xiao Hang 
Published: November 2023

For many centuries, edible mushrooms have been used as functional and medicinal foods for various health benefits around the world. In this study, the protective effects of Pleurotus eryngii mushroom against inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) were determined in the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)‐treated mice. Dietary administration of freeze‐dried mushroom powder alleviated colonic inflammation induced by DSS in mice, which was evidenced by decreased disease index, increased colon length, and reduced production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines such as IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α in the colonic tissues. Sequencing the V3–V4 region of the 16S ribosomal RNA genes of microbiota demonstrated that DSS treatment significantly altered the composition of fecal microbiota, which correlated with exacerbated colonic inflammation in DSS‐treated mice. Interestingly, dietary treatment with mushroom partially reversed the alteration of fecal microbiota induced by DSS treatment. Furthermore, the levels of short chain fatty acids and antioxidant capacity of colonic contents were significantly increased by dietary P. eryngii mushroom in DSS‐treated mice. Overall, our results for the first time demonstrated anti‐inflammatory effects of P. eryngii mushroom in the colon, and their association with altered gut microbiota.Support or Funding InformationThis research work was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 31471927.
Liver steatosis and redox status alterations in obese Zucker rats
Authors: Melnyk Stepan , Korourian Soheila , Evans Teresa , Pavliv Oleksandra , Hakkak Reza 
Published: November 2023

Obesity in the United States and other developed countries has been at epidemic proportions for more than two decades and continues to grow. The obese population has high comorbidity and mortality rates due to a variety of chronic diseases including cancer. The development of liver steatosis is a common consequence. This disease, ranging from simple hepatic steatosis and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis to cirrhosis, is a major health problem in the USA and worldwide. The negative effect of liver steatosis is recognized by its significant impact on the metabolic profile in humans. Our previous results demonstrated that obesity in Zucker rats was accompanied with an increase of oxidative and nitrosative stress in liver, perturbation of methylation (SAM/SAH) ratio and significant morphological changes in liver: increase in fatty steatosis to small foci of mononuclear infiltration. However, metabolic details that are leading to these changes in liver of obese rats are less known. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the possible mechanisms that create such metabolic abnormalities. After one week of acclimation, six‐week old female lean (n=26) and obese (n=20) Zucker rats were fed AIN‐93 G diet and sacrificed 155 days later. Liver samples were snap frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at −80° C until later. We used high sensitivity HPLC‐ECD and LC‐MS methods to assess the metabolic profile related to the methionine cycle and oxidative and nitrosative stress. Our results show that obese rats had significantly higher levels of essential amino acid Methionine (P<0.0001) and free Homocysteine (P<0.01) but lover level of free Cysteine (P<0.01) compared to lean rats. In contrast, the Cystine (oxidized Cysteine) and the Cystine/Cysteine (oxidative stress ratio), was significantly higher in obese rats (P <0.01 and P<0.001 respectfully) compared to lean rats. Additionally, obesity caused a significant (P<0.01) drop in liver HADPH/HADP ratio (redox ratio) and significant (P<0.02) drop in fHomocysteine/Methylation (methylation ratio). In summary, higher levels of oxidative/nitrosative stress in the liver of obese Zucker rats are the results of complex metabolic processes which include decreased levels of free reduced Cysteine as rate limiting amino acid in de‐novo Glutathione (GSH) synthesis; decreased reduction capacity (NADPH/NADP ratio) in liver what leads to lower rate of free Glutathione restoration from oxidized form (GSSG); increased intracellularly level of oxidized (GSSG, Cystine) products; reduction of methylation reactions activities (Homocysteine/Methionine ratio).Support or Funding InformationArkansas Biosicence Institute to RH and SM.
Weight Loss and Self‐Efficacy in Obese/Overweight Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease in a Lifestyle Intervention Pilot Study
Authors: Woolf Kathleen , Ganguzza Lisa , Pompeii Mary Lou , Hu Lu , St‐Jules David E. , Jagannathan Ram , Goldfarb David , Katz Stuart , Mattoo Aditya , Li Huilin , Sevick Mary Ann 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundPatients with nutrition‐related chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes (T2D) and chronic kidney disease (CKD), benefit from counseling from registered dietitians (RDs). However, in‐person counseling approaches can be inconvenient and expensive, making them difficult to implement and maintain. Technology‐based methods of remote contact provide patients with accessible and inexpensive opportunities to reduce disease risks.ObjectiveThis pilot study examined differences in weight loss and self‐efficacy after 6 months in a remotely‐delivered lifestyle intervention.MethodsParticipants were randomized to an intensive Social Cognitive Theory (SCT)‐based lifestyle intervention (n=7) or a standard behavior treatment (SBT) group (n=7). The intervention group was provided with an iPad to participate in SCT‐based live WebEx sessions with an RD, access to MyNetDiary (an online tool to log dietary intake, exercise, and body weight), and email feedback from an RD weekly for the first month and biweekly thereafter. Height and weight were measured at baseline and 6 months. The Weight Efficacy Lifestyle (WEL) and Self‐Efficacy for Exercise (SEE) questionnaires were completed by participants at baseline and 6 months. The Mann‐Whitney U Test examined differences in percent weight loss and percent change in self‐efficacy scores (baseline, 6 months). Because of the small sample size, the Last Observation Carried Forward method was used to handle missing data.ResultsThe participants were predominantly white (71.4%), male (71.4%) and currently or living as married (57.1%) with a mean age of 65.9±9.7 years and body mass index 34.8±5.4 kg/m2. At 6 months, the intervention group had a significantly greater percent weight loss (median = 3.7%, n=7) than the SBT group (median = 0%, n=7), U = 6.0, z=−2.42, and p=0.016, with a large effect size (r=0.65). No significant differences were noted in percent change for the WEL and SEE scores (WEL median = 0%, n=7, p=0.883; SEE median = 0%, n=7, p=0.472).ConclusionAt 6 months, the intervention group demonstrated significantly greater weight loss. While improvements in self‐efficacy were observed for some participants, no differences were noted overall due to this small sample. These results support the development and implementation of technology‐based programs for patients with T2D and CKD. Additional research is required to determine the role of the SCT‐based counseling methods.Support or Funding InformationSupported by NIH K24 NR012226 and NIH R01 DK100492 (PI MA Sevick)
The Effect of Different High Fat Diets on Plasma Concentration and Hepatic Expression of Retinol‐Binding Protein 4 in Rats
Authors: Brown Jo Ann , Russell Kate , Thomas Kadeem , Axen Kenneth , Axen Kathleen 
Published: November 2023

Retinol‐binding protein 4 (RBP4) has been associated with insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis. Production of hepatic insulin resistance by high‐fat diets depends on their fatty acid composition. Here, the effect of three high‐fat diets on plasma concentration and hepatic expression of RBP4 (Rbp4) was compared with respect to insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hepatic steatosis.Weight‐matched groups (N=10/group) of male Sprague‐Dawley rats received one of four diets for eight weeks: low‐fat control (LF, 15% kcal as fat), or a high‐fat (HF, 55% kcal as fat) safflower oil (polyunsaturated), olive oil (cis‐monounsaturated, MUFA) or a trans‐fat (trans‐MUFA) diet. Blood samples were collected as a time course study at wks 3, 6, and 9 (N=16), and after an eight‐week feeding in the fasted or refed (fat‐free, high carbohydrate meal) state (N=40). Liver samples were collected at wk 9 in the fasted or refed state to compare plasma concentration and hepatic expression of RBP4 (Rbp4) and its response to insulin. Plasma RBP4 concentrations were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Hepatic expression of Rbp4 and other genes (e.g. Srebf, Fasn) was measured by real‐time PCR.Body weights and percent body fat of all HF groups were similar at wk 9. Plasma RBP4 concentrations were higher in the trans‐fat vs. the LF group at wk 3, 6, and 9 (p< 0.05). The olive oil and the trans‐fat group had elevated plasma RBP4 at wk 9 vs. the LF group (p<0.05). Liver expression of Rbp4 under fasted or re‐fed conditions did not differ among the groups, a finding consistent with a non‐hepatic (e.g. adipose tissue) source of RBP4. The olive oil group had higher fasting plasma insulin levels (p<0.05), higher HOMA‐IR values (p<0.005), higher liver lipid concentration (p < 0.05) vs. other groups. Expression of hepatic genes in the lipogenic pathway was positively correlated with plasma triglyceride levels in both the olive oil and trans‐fat groups (p< 0.05), and the olive oil group had greater stimulation of lipogenic gene expression by refeeding than did other groups (p<0.05). The HF safflower group did not show differences from the LF group at wk 9.The HF olive oil (cis‐MUFA) diet was associated with elevated plasma RBP4, hyperinsulinemia, hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance, as well as an enhanced hepatic expression of lipogenic genes. The HF trans‐fat (trans‐MUFA) diet was also associated with elevated plasma RBP4 and increased lipogenic gene expression, and both MUFA groups showed this expression to be correlated with plasma triglyceride levels. These findings show that HF diet‐induced increases in RBP4 are dependent on the type of fat and suggest that non‐hepatic RBP4 may promote hepatic expression of lipogenic genes.
Omega‐3‐Fatty Acids Hold Therapeutic Potential for the Prevention and Treatment of Diabetic Neuropathy
Authors: Maciejewski J. Claire , Harris Matthew P. , Schaller Megan L. , Umbaugh David S. , Sandoval Karin E. , Witt Ken A. , Wooten Joshua S. , Guilford Brianne L. 
Published: November 2023

Diabetic neuropathy is a debilitating complication of diabetes, affecting over 50% of diabetic patients. Overweight humans display manifestations of diabetic neuropathy before developing overt diabetes and mice fed a high fat diet exhibit signs of neuropathy including mechanical hindpaw hypersensitivity and neuronal inflammation, suggesting diet‐induced inflammation may play a role in the development of neuropathy. Omega‐3 fatty acids have anti‐inflammatory properties and may hold therapeutic potential as a preventative treatment for prediabetic and diabetic patients at risk for neuropathy.PURPOSEInvestigate the impact of diet composition on signs of neuropathy. We hypothesized that a diet rich in omega‐3 fatty acids would attenuate hindpaw hypersensitivity during prolonged feeding of a high fat diet.METHODSC57BL/6 mice were randomized into four diet groups (n = 12/group) for 32 weeks: 10% low fat‐fish oil (LFFO), 41% high fat‐fish oil (HFFO), 10% low fat‐lard (LFL), or 41% high fat‐lard (HFL). Neuropathy was characterized at baseline and every other week thereafter using the von Frey behavioral test for hindpaw mechanical sensitivity. A glucose tolerance test was performed at end study, and total area under the curve (AUC) was calculated using the trapezoidal method.RESULTSAt end study, body weight was greater in HFL compared to all other groups. Body weight was also greater in HFFO compared to LFFO. Fasting glucose and glucose AUC were higher in HFL compared to LFFO and HFFO. Following the same pattern as body weight, fasting glucose was higher in HFFO compared to LFFO. Although percent paw withdrawal was greater in HFL compared to HFFO and LFFO, there were no significant differences for LF vs. HF for fish oil or lard.CONCLUSIONA HFL diet induced signs of neuropathy including hindpaw hypersensitivity, whereas a fish oil diet was protective against hindpaw hypersensitivity. Moreover, omega‐3 fatty acids may hold therapeutic potential for neuropathy prevention in nondiabetic and diabetic patients.Support or Funding InformationSupported by NIH R21NS090282‐01

End Study Values (32 wks)
Low Fat Fish Oil (LFFO)
High Fat Fish Oil (HFFO)
Low Fat Lard (LFL)
High Fat Lard (HFL)

Body weight (g)
34.3 ± 0.6
39.5 ± 1.6a
37.2 ± 1.1
44.3 ± 1.7a,b,c

Fasting glucose (mg/dl)
129.1 ± 5.6
152.0 ± 7.7a
148.1 ± 5.2
158.8 ± 8.8a

Glucose AUC total (mg/120 min/dl)
5368.1 ± 678.9
7282.6 ± 1144.4
7384.3 ± 685.4
9149.6 ± 1013.8a

Percent paw withdrawal (%)
22.5 ± 4.5
29.2 ± 6.4
37.5 ± 7.2
54.2 ± 5.7a,b

P < 0.05 vs. LFFO;
P < 0.05 vs. HFFO; and
P < 0.05 vs. LFL