bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A case report of left atrial myxoma presenting as embolic stroke
Authors: Sharma Prachi , Kumble Yusuf A. , Shrestha Abhigan Babu , Jaiswal Vikash 
Published: October 2023

Key Clinical MessageEmbolic stroke may rarely be the first presenting symptom of atrial myxoma. Multiple infarcts should be evaluated for embolic causes. Correct etiological diagnosis in cardio‐embolic stroke guides proper management strategy. It reinforces on the importance of early echocardiogram in the initial evaluation of patients presenting with ischemic stroke.AbstractAtrial myxoma is a benign cardiac tumor found most commonly in the left atrium in 80% of the cases. Almost 1 in 10 myxomas are familial and are most common in women. Cardiac myxoma mostly present with dyspnea, fatigue, or palpitations. Previously undiagnosed left atrial myxoma (LA) presenting as stroke is extremely rare. Authors describe the case of a middle‐aged man with LA myxoma presenting with acute ischemic embolic stroke that was surgically excised. This case report emphasizes on the rare presentation as embolic stroke and the role of cardiac imaging in patients presenting with ischemic stroke. Early and coordinated teamwork among the neurologist, cardiologist, and cardiothoracic surgeon help establish the etiology and provide appropriate treatment.
Effective treatment of gallbladder neuroendocrine carcinoma with nivolumab
Authors: Kanda Shinichiro , Hiyama Kazuhiro , Kirino Izumi , Fukui Yasuo , Terashima Hideo 
Published: October 2023

Key clinical messageAn 89‐year‐old patient with gallbladder neuroendocrine neoplasms (GB‐NENs) and lung cancer metastasis underwent nivolumab monotherapy, resulting in tumor shrinkage. Surgery and adjuvant nivolumab showed efficiency despite low expression of PD‐L1.
Identifying primary tumor site of origin for liver metastases via a combination of handcrafted and deep learning features
Authors: Chen Chuheng , Lu Cheng , Viswanathan Vidya , Maveal Brandon , Maheshwari Bhunesh , Willis Joseph , Madabhushi Anant 
Published: October 2023

AbstractLiver is one of the most common sites for metastases, which can occur on account of primary tumors from multiple sites of origin. Identifying the primary site of origin (PSO) of a metastasis can help in guiding therapeutic options for liver metastases. In this pilot study, we hypothesized that computer extracted handcrafted (HC) histomorphometric features can be utilized to identify the PSO of liver metastases. Cellular features, including tumor nuclei morphological and graph features as well as cytoplasm texture features, were extracted by computer algorithms from 175 slides (114 patients). The study comprised three experiments: (1) comparing and (2) fusing a machine learning (ML) model trained with HC pathomic features and deep learning (DL)‐based classifiers to predict site of origin; (3) identifying the section of the primary tumor from which metastases were derived. For experiment 1, we divided the cohort into training sets composed of primary and matched liver metastases [60 patients, 121 whole slide images (WSIs)], and a hold‐out validation set (54 patients, 54 WSIs) composed solely of liver metastases of known site of origin. Using the extracted HC features of the training set, a combination of supervised machine classifiers and unsupervised clustering was applied to identify the PSO. A random forest classifier achieved areas under the curve (AUCs) of 0.83, 0.64, 0.82, and 0.64 in classifying the metastatic tumor from colon, esophagus, breast, and pancreas on the validation set. The top features related to nuclear and peri‐nuclear shape and textural attributes. We also trained a DL network to serve as a direct comparison to our method. The DL model achieved AUCs for colon: 0.94, esophagus: 0.66, breast: 0.79, and pancreas: 0.67 in identifying PSO. A decision fusion‐based strategy was deployed to fuse the trained ML and DL classifiers and achieved slightly better results than ML or DL classifier alone (colon: 0.93, esophagus: 0.68, breast: 0.81, and pancreas: 0.69). For the third experiment, WSI‐level attention maps were also generated using a trained DL network to generate a composite feature similarity heat map between paired primaries and their associated metastases. Our experiments revealed that epithelium‐rich and moderately differentiated tumor regions of primary tumors were quantitatively similar to paired metastatic tumors. Our findings suggest that a combination of HC and DL features could potentially help identify the PSO for liver metastases while at the same time also potentially identify the spatial sites of origin for the metastases within primary tumors.
The fidgetin family: Shaking things up among the microtubule‐severing enzymes
Authors: Smart Karishma , Sharp David J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe microtubule cytoskeleton is required for several crucial cellular processes, including chromosome segregation, cell polarity and orientation, and intracellular transport. These functions rely on microtubule stability and dynamics, which are regulated by microtubule‐binding proteins (MTBPs). One such type of regulator is the microtubule‐severing enzymes (MSEs), which are ATPases Associated with Diverse Cellular Activities (AAA+ ATPases). The most recently identified family are the fidgetins, which contain three members: fidgetin, fidgetin‐like 1 (FL1), and fidgetin‐like 2 (FL2). Of the three known MSE families, the fidgetins have the most diverse range of functions in the cell, spanning mitosis/meiosis, development, cell migration, DNA repair, and neuronal function. Furthermore, they offer intriguing novel therapeutic targets for cancer, cardiovascular disease, and wound healing. In the two decades since their first report, there has been great progress in our understanding of the fidgetins; however, there is still much left unknown about this unusual family. This review aims to consolidate the present body of knowledge of the fidgetin family of MSEs and to inspire deeper exploration into the fidgetins and the MSEs as a whole.
Methodologies for Spontaneous Preparation of Chemosensors and Their Arrays Using Off‐the‐Shelf Reagents
Authors: Sasaki Yui , Minami Tsuyoshi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractChemosensors offer promising candidates for visualizing molecular recognition information through colorimetric or fluorescence responses. When designing chemosensors, the following requirements should be considered: 1) molecular geometries of the analytes, 2) mechanisms that cause optical changes upon analyte capture, and 3) solubility for sensing applications. However, the designs and realization of chemosensors that meet these requirements remains a cutting‐edge challenge. Conventional strategies mainly consider the molecular geometries of the receptors and analytes. However, this approach presents the issues related to the extensive synthetic efforts required to obtain elaborate chemosensor designs, leading to decreased water solubility in chemosensors derived from complicated and aromatic molecular structures. This review summarizes the methodologies for self‐assembled chemosensors that use only off‐the‐shelf reagents, to easily obtain various chemosensors without organic synthesis. The self‐assembled chemosensors, comprising off‐the‐shelf reagents with water solubility, facilitates both easy tuning of optical sensing properties and chemical sensing in real samples. The usability of off‐the‐shelf reagents in analytical chemistry will be clarified through comprehensive sensing applications involving simple self‐assembled chemosensors and their arrays.
Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR)−Triggered Polarization of BaTiO3 Surface on Ag Nanocubes Improves Photocatalysis
Authors: Ma Yanying , Liu Xiaoyun , Xu Yujiao , Alves Tiago V. , Li Mai , Wang Chunrui , Camargo Pedro H. C. , Wang Jiale 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe surface plasmon resonance (SPR)‐generated electric field (E‐field) intensities around a Ag nanocube (NC) before and after it is covered by a BaTiO3 (BTO) layer (BTO@Ag NC) were calculated. It was observed that the theoretical E‐field intensities were reduced on BTO@Ag NCs, thus suggesting inferior catalytic activities under visible light illumination. However, BTO@Ag NCs experimentally displayed better photocatalytic performance than that of Ag NCs under illumination at 633 nm, both in ambient argon (Ar) and in ambient air, where p‐aminothiophenol (PATP) molecules were used to probe the conversion. The mechanism can be attributed to the surface polarization of the BTO layer trigged by a SPR effect of the Ag core. The oscillation of free electrons in the Ag core aroused appearance of surface polarization charge on the ferroelectric (FE) BTO surface, which resulted in the enhanced catalytic properties of BTO@Ag NCs. Therefore, our finding may provide a novel method to enhance visible‐light responsive photocatalytic activity of wide bandgap FE materials by depositing them on plasmonic metal nanostructures.
The Thermal Field Design of a 150 mm Sic Crystal Growth System by Numerical Simulation
Authors: Chen Yunfeng , Chen Sheanjen , Yang Bingchwen 
Published: October 2023

AbstractNumerical simulation analysis, enabled by the physical vapor transport (PVT) technique, has been widely adopted to study the growth process of silicon carbide (SiC). In this study, a 2D axisymmetric model employed the finite volume method (FVM) is adopted to simulate the thermal fields and mass transfer of SiC powders with different particle sizes, thicknesses of the top thermal insulation, side wall thicknesses of the lid, and distances between the lid center and the top thermal insulation in a SiC crystal growth system. The simulation results revealed that the reduction in particle size increased the radial and axial temperature gradients in the powder region. Meanwhile, when the thickness of the top thermal insulation decreased, the axial temperature gradient inside the crucible increased significantly. Furthermore, the change in the side wall thickness of the lid significantly affected the thermal field distribution on the crystal surface and consequently affected the crystal growth shape. Finally, the variation in the distance between the lid center and the top thermal insulation has a significant influence on the axial and radial temperature gradients. Overall, these results indicate that the quality of SiC crystal growth may be improved by adjusting particle size, thermal insulation and crucible design.
Photovoltaic and Optical Characterization of Organic Heterocyclic 6,6′‐Dibromoindigotin Crystal Under Changing Solvent Polarity by DFT Analysis
Authors: Hassan Abrar U. , Sumrra Sajjad H. , Li Yuchuan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe photovoltaic and optical properties of 6,6′‐dibromoindigotin (DBI) crystal under changing solvent polarity are investigated through DFT analysis. It includes geometry optimization, global reactivity, UV–vis analysis, open circuit voltage (Voc), FMOs, and NBO analysis. The highest HOMO‐LUMO gap (Egap) value is found for the gaseous phase (1.82 eV), while the lowest Egap is found for dichloro methane (1.64 eV), and intermediate values with the other solvents. The molecule has a high IP of 2.48 eV, low EA of 0.74 eV, moderate polarity, and hardness (η). The maximum absorption wavelengths (λmax) of the compound in different solvents are dichloromethane and DMSO (373 nm), chloroform (372 nm), methanol and water (371 nm), toluene (367 nm), and gaseous (356 nm). Their Voc range is 0.2–0.28 eV. Among all, chloroform demonstrates the highest performance with a fill factor (FF) of 0.8630, normalized open circuit (Nor. Voc) of 31.69 eV, and Jsc of 26.47 mA cm−2. Toluene also shows promising results with an FF of 0.8060, Nor. Voc of 19.71 eV, and Jsc of 21.19 mA cm−2. Water, although not as effective as other solvents, still exhibits respectable values with an FF of 0.8315, Nor. Voc of 23.96 eV, and Jsc of 24.63 mA cm−2.
Genetic variability for susceptibility to seed coat mechanical damage and relationship to end‐use quality in kidney beans
Authors: Wang Weijia , Cichy Karen A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractKidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) have strict market specifications for seed and end‐use quality. One major quality concern is the appearance of cracks, also termed checks in the seed coat caused by mechanical damage occurring during harvest and postharvest handling. Genetic variability for seed coat checks (SCCs) has not been well characterized in kidney beans. The objectives of this study were (1) to test an existing screening method for easy assessment of seed coat mechanical damage, (2) to explore the genetic variability for mechanically induced seed coat damage in kidney bean and its relationship to seed coat thickness, (3) to characterize the relationship of SCC to end‐use quality, and (4) to identify potential germplasm resources for genetic improvement. A collection of dark red, light red, and white kidney beans were grown over 2 years and harvested with two threshing methods to mimic mild and severe treatments of mechanical damage. Belt threshing produced mild damage, and combine threshing produced severe damage. Seed coat thickness was not correlated with SCC of the combine‐threshed beans but was negatively correlated with the belt‐threshed beans at r = –0.33. Seed moisture content played an important role in SCC. Higher SCC severity scores resulted in lower canning quality appearance scores (r = –0.51). The SCC severity score of combine‐threshed seeds can be used as a selection factor in variety improvement for resilience to mechanical damage. Genotypes with low SCC severity score were identified for breeding initiatives.
Genotype–environment interaction and yield stability analysis of Colombian yellow diploid potato cultivars using mixed linear models and environmental covariates
Authors: Silva‐Herrera Harverth , Rodriguez‐Molano Luis E. , Cotes‐Torres Jose M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSeveral statistical methods have been developed to decompose the phenotypic response based mainly on the general means, the effect of the genotype, and its interaction with the environment, treating the environmental variance as a confounding factor. However, the estimation of the environmental effect from the traits evaluated would establish a dependency on the genotype, resulting in a lower fit and predictive potential of the model. The integration of environmental covariates into the models that associate edaphoclimatic characteristics with the traits of interest has been proposed, with the purpose of increasing the predictive potential and the variance contained by the models. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity of the traits of interest in yellow diploid potato (Solanum tuberosum L. Group: Phureja) crops to environmental covariates, selecting the most relevant covariates as parameters in empirical multiple regression models based on environmental variance. The results showed high yield variability due to covariates of the water component, while the quality traits were mainly affected by traits of the energetic and physicochemical components of the soil. The adjusted models explained the variance intrinsically due to the environment, reaching adjustments greater than 20%. Therefore, it is concluded that the traits have a high phenotypic sensitivity, and the incorporation of environmental covariates into the genotype‐by‐environment interaction analysis models could improve the understanding of the stability and adaptability of cultivars from the data obtained in multi‐environment trials.
Design strategies of ruthenium‐based materials toward alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Hou Liqiang , Jang Haeseong , Gu Xiumin , Cui Xuemei , Tang Jiachen , Cho Jaephil , Liu Xien 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHydrogen produced from electrocatalytic water splitting means is deemed to be a promising route to construct a low‐carbon, eco‐friendly, and high‐efficiency modern energy system. The design and construction of highly active catalysts with affordable prices toward alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) are effective in accelerating the overall water‐splitting process. So far, ruthenium (Ru) based catalysts deliver comparable or even superior catalytic performance relative to the platinum (Pt)/C benchmark. Combined with their price advantage, Ru‐based catalysts are undoubtedly considered as one of the perfect alternatives of Pt toward the alkaline HER. Extensive efforts have been made to reasonably synthesize Ru‐related materials, but a careful insight into material engineering strategies and induced effects remain in its infancy. In this review, recent progress on the material engineering strategies for improving the catalytic activity of Ru‐related catalysts, including electronic regulation, geometric modulation, local structure alteration, self‐optimization strategies, and the induced structure–activity relationship are comprehensively summarized. Furthermore, the challenges and perspectives on future studies of Ru‐related electrocatalysts for the alkaline HER are also proposed.
Rural selection drives the evolution of an urban–rural cline in coat color in gray squirrels
Authors: Cosentino Bradley J. , Vanek John P. , Gibbs James P. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPhenotypic differences between urban and rural populations are well‐documented, but the evolutionary processes driving trait variation along urbanization gradients are often unclear. We combined spatial data on abundance, trait variation, and measurements of fitness to understand cline structure and test for natural selection on heritable coat color morphs (melanic, gray) of eastern gray squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis) along an urbanization gradient. Population surveys using remote cameras and visual counts at 76 sites along the urbanization gradient revealed a significant cline in melanism, decreasing from 48% in the city center to <5% in rural woodlands. Among 76 squirrels translocated to test for phenotypic selection, survival was lower for the melanic than gray morph in rural woodlands, whereas there was no difference in survival between color morphs in the city. These results suggest the urban–rural cline in melanism is explained by natural selection favoring the gray morph in rural woodlands combined with relaxed selection in the city. Our study illustrates how trait variation between urban and rural populations can emerge from selection primarily in rural populations rather than adaptation to novel features of the urban environment.
The role of seasonality in shaping the interactions of honeybees with other taxa
Authors: Wirta Helena , Jones Mirkka , Peña‐Aguilera Pablo , Chacón‐Duque Camilo , Vesterinen Eero , Ovaskainen Otso , Abrego Nerea , Roslin Tomas 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe Eltonian niche of a species is defined as its set of interactions with other taxa. How this set varies with biotic, abiotic and human influences is a core question of modern ecology. In seasonal environments, the realized Eltonian niche is likely to vary due to periodic changes in the occurrence and abundance of interaction partners and changes in species behavior and preferences. Also, human management decisions may leave strong imprints on species interactions. To compare the impact of seasonality to that of management effects, honeybees provide an excellent model system. Based on DNA traces of interaction partners archived in honey, we can infer honeybee interactions with floral resources and microbes in the surrounding habitats, their hives, and themselves. Here, we resolved seasonal and management‐based impacts on honeybee interactions by sampling beehives repeatedly during the honey‐storing period of honeybees in Finland. We then use a genome‐skimming approach to identify the taxonomic contents of the DNA in the samples. To compare the effects of the season to the effects of location, management, and the colony itself in shaping honeybee interactions, we used joint species distribution modeling. We found that honeybee interactions with other taxa varied greatly among taxonomic and functional groups. Against a backdrop of wide variation in the interactions documented in the DNA content of honey from bees from different hives, regions, and beekeepers, the imprint of the season remained relatively small. Overall, a honey‐based approach offers unique insights into seasonal variation in the identity and abundance of interaction partners among honeybees. During the summer, the availability and use of different interaction partners changed substantially, but hive‐ and taxon‐specific patterns were largely idiosyncratic as modified by hive management. Thus, the beekeeper and colony identity are as important determinants of the honeybee's realized Eltonian niche as is seasonality.
Can you see the algae for the slime? Temporal patterns of biofilm food quality and quantity in lowland rivers
Authors: McInerney Paul J. , Shackleton Michael E. , McPhan Luke , Holland Aleicia , Rees Gavin N. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAnimals must invest some portion of their metabolism to activities related to physiological maintenance and the remainder to processes related to the production of new biomass for growth and reproduction. Animal metabolism is fuelled by food, and the quality and quantity of food, along with the effort invested to obtain it, are fundamental to supporting populations. Biofilms are a primary basal food resource within riverine food webs, and it is thought that their nutritional value for animals decreases with age due to dynamic changes in community composition. We sought to test assumptions of spatiotemporal changes to biofilm nutritional value by assessing variations in biofilm mass and fatty acid composition in three rivers for 73 days. We also used a multi‐prong eDNA approach to characterize changes to biofilm fungal (ITS1–4), bacterial (16S), and algal (23S) community compositions. We anticipated biofilm food value to decrease with biofilm age due to shifts in composition from high‐quality green algae and diatoms to low‐quality cyanobacteria and filamentous algae. Our results partially support this contention; biofilm food value, assessed as a combination of fatty acid mass per unit area (in grams per square meter) and concentration of fatty acids (in milligrams per gram), was dynamic and peaked between 24 and 43 days following submersion. After 43 days, biofilm food value decreased. However, despite significant temporal changes in biofilm community composition and a decrease in overall lipid concentration, the proportions of different fatty acid classes among total lipids did not vary. Instead, the observed increase in the abundance of cyanobacteria and filamentous algae compared with diatoms and green algae, along with higher quantities of lipid‐poor extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), likely contributed to the reduction in overall lipid concentration relative to the biofilm dry mass. Here we present a novel approach to balance consumer energetic costs with food quality within aquatic food webs. Our results have important implications for river management and provide valuable information for the use of environmental water to support lotic ecosystems.