bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Educação Digital Onlife: perspectiva para inovar a EAD na Universidade Estadual do Maranhão
Authors: Varela Aline Silva , Tchaicka Ligia , Serra Ilka , Lima Danielle Martins Leite Fernandes , Coelho Luana Kerly Alves , Santiago Priscila 
Published: December 2023

Este ensaio apresenta os processos de desenvolvimento da EaD na , mediada pelo , considerando os efeitos das tecnologias digitais na sociedade em rede e destacando principalmente os espaços educacionais. Para tanto, discute-se alguns conceitos como cibercultura, ciberespaço (LÉVY, 1999) e Infosfera (FLORIDI, 2020), que explicam diferentes concepções das tecnologias em um mundo hiperconectado. A partir disto, destaca-se o contexto atual da EaD na e a pretensão à novos caminhos dentro de uma Educação Digital OnLIFE.
Modern Psychological Technologies for Correcting Conflict Situations in Limited Coalitions (Based on Volleyball Material)
Authors: Doroshenko Eduard , Sheviakov Oleksiy , Melnyk Mykhaylo , Oliinyk Mykhaylo , Oliinyk Irina , Vaniuk Daria 
Published: December 2023

The purpose of the work – to determine the peculiarities of the response of sportswomen to conflict situations in the conditions of a limited coalition of the volleyball team in order to optimize the process of sports training.
Materials and methods. Participants: 30 amateur volleyball players (women), who participated in park and beach volleyball competitions in the 2022-2023 season under the auspices of the Zaporizhzhia Regional Volleyball Federation. Age range: 18-27.
Methods: Analysis and systematization of data from scientific and methodical literature and the electronic resource of global information network “Internet”; pedagogical observations; psychological testing according to the method of K. Thomas “Determining the style of behavior in a conflict situation”; pedagogical experiment of controlling orientation; methods of mathematical statistics.
Results. The analysis of the experimental indicators allows us to state that the volleyball players of the main group significantly improved the “cooperation” (+6.67%) and “compromise” (+6.67%) indicators, while the “avoidance” indicator significantly decreased (-13.33%). Based on this, we note that the technology for correcting conflict situations in limited coalitions of the volleyball team is quite effective (indicators of volleyball players of the main group). Among the volleyball players of the control group, an increase in indicators according to the “compromise” criteria (+6.67%) and a decrease according to the “avoidance” criterion (-6.66%) were recorded.
Conclusion. Modern technologies of psychological training in volleyball, which relate to issues of correction of conflict situations in limited coalitions, are a prerequisite for increasing the effectiveness of the competitive activity of volleyball players. The main ways of applying these technologies in the training process in volleyball are the psychological diagnosis of female athletes taking in to account their personal qualifications, social roles in the limited coalition of the volleyball team; targeted application in competitive micro- or mesocycles of training to increase the effectiveness of training and competitive activities in limited coalitions.
Research of Reliability and Informativeness of Indicators of Muscular Fitness of Karate Boys Aged 8 Years
Authors: Marchenko Svitlana , Riyaka Vladislav 
Published: December 2023

The aim of the research is to develop a program for testing the strength fitness of boys aged 8 years at the level of orange belt (10, 9 kyu) with the use of informative tests that are available for application in conditions of general education school.
Materials and methods. The study involved 20 boys aged 8 years. Informed consent for children’s participation in the experiment was obtained from their parents. The following research methods were applied to solve the set tasks: analysis of scientific and methodical literature, pedagogical testing of strength abilities, and methods of mathematical statistics for processing research results.
Results. The analysis of correlation dependence between test tasks that characterize the display of different types of force generally shows a large and numerous interrelation of the average and high level of significance between all tests (ρxy = 0,508 - 0,879 at p<0,05; p<0,01. Processing of retest data showed the stability of the battery of tests and sufficient retest reliability for most test scores (rtt ranged from 0.818 to 0.984, p<0.001).
Conclusions. The selected battery of tests is accessible, informative, and reliable. It will allow us to solve the following pedagogical tasks more effectively: to control the efficiency and effectiveness of physical training as an element of the pedagogical process of formation of motor skills and development of physical qualities, to maintain and strengthen health, to maintain a productive level of general working capacity, and to increase body resistance to action of unfavorable factors of the present.
CASE REPORT: A LADY WITH RECURRENT PERIANAL ULCER
Authors: Rashid Nawshirwan 
Published: December 2023

Introduction
Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare systemic disorder characterized by clonal proliferation of bone‑marrow-derived Langerhans cells in various systems. Lesions on the genital tract are uncommon, with only a few reports of isolated vulvar LCH (1). It is characterized by accumulating CD1a+/Langerin+ LCH cells and wide-ranging organ involvement (2). The presentation can vary from single organ involvement to disseminated, multi-system disease. Clinical aggressiveness is equally variable. In 1939 Andrews first described LCH of the female reproductive tract. Subsequently, four patterns of involvement have been identified: (a) pure genital LCH, (b) genital tract LCH with subsequent multi-organ involvement, (c) oral or cutaneous LCH with subsequent genital and multi-organ involvement, and (d) diabetes insipidus with organ involvement (3).here our case at the beginning she had only perianal skin involvement which was completely resected but after two years she relapsed with perianal & valvar ulcer, again totally resected and the result of histopathology & immunohistochemistry with positive CD1a, CD 207 & S100 confirms recurrence of the same pathology.
INCIDENCE OF CORONARY ARTERY ANOMALY IN SLEMANI CARDIAC HOSPITAL
Authors: Mohialdeen Dara , Abdalla Razhan , Hassan Kawa 
Published: December 2023

Background
Coronary arteries are classified traditionally into three different groups according to their anatomy, normal anatomy, anatomical variations, and anomaly. The incidence of coronary artery anomaly (CAA) can vary from as low as 0.2% to as high as 5.64% of the general population.
Objectives
To find the incidence of coronary artery anomalies in the Sulaimani Cardiac Center.
Materials and Methods
A Prospective case study was carried out on patients undergoing emergency and elective coronary catheterization in Sulaimani cardiac hospital from January 2021 to January 2022. After a complete history and physical examination, their coronary angiogram reports were evaluated for the coronary anomaly.
Results
A total of 3,127 patients were evaluated, with coronary anomalies in 144 patients with an incidence of 4.6%. The mean age was 60.2± 11, ranging from 24 to 92 years. The male gender was 66.7%(n=96). The presenting complaint in this study was predominantly chest pain, 78.5%(n=48). The acute coronary syndrome was the cause of urgent coronary angiography in 22.9% (n=33). The myocardial bridge was the most predominant among our patients 41% (n=59), followed by the Separate origins of the Left Anterior Descending Artery and Left Circumflex Artery in the Left sinus of the Valsalva, 38.2%(n=55). While Anomalies of coronary termination (fistula) were found in 4.9%(n=7),
Conclusion
Coronary artery anomalies are uncommon findings in patients undergoing coronary angiography with an incidence of 4.6%, The most common anomaly detected in our study was myocardial bridging.
METABOLIC SYNDROME AND THYROID DYSFUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH ACROMEGALY IN SULAIMANI
Authors: Abdullah Shadan , Mahwi Taha , Rashid Zagros 
Published: December 2023

Background
Acromegaly is a chronic endocrinology disorder caused by the over-production of growth hormone (GH) predominantly by a pituitary adenoma. Acromegaly is associated with metabolic changes and thyroid dysfunction (ThD) in the body. However, the frequency of metabolic syndrome (MtS) in acromegaly patients is unknown, and studies assessing the frequency of different ThD types in acromegaly cases were few.
Objectives
To analyze the frequencies of MtS and ThD in patients with acromegaly in comparison to controls in Sulaimani city, to find the frequencies of MtS and ThDs in active cases compared to inactive cases in acromegaly patients, and to assess the relationship between the cumulative exposure to Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1) with ThD and MtS in acromegaly.
Patients and Methods
In this case-control study, 82 subjects were enrolled, which included 22 patients with acromegaly who visited the Sulaimani endocrinology center from August 2021 to February 2022 and 60 control subjects. The mean age of cases was 47.55 [11.50] years, with 7 (31.8%) male and 15 (68.2%) female. Thyroid function test, clinical, and biochemical parameters of MtS were measured in both groups in addition to IGF1. Chi-square test, Student T-test, and ANOVA were used in data analysis. Correlation between quantitative variables determined by Pearson correlation, with a P-value ≤ 0.05, is significant
Results
Out of 22 patients with acromegaly, 68.2% were euthyroid, 9.1% had primary hypothyroidism, 18.2% had central hypothyroidism, and 4.5% had hyperthyroidism, which is significantly higher than the control group (p-value =0.002). MtS frequency is 68.18% in cases, significantly higher than control, p-value=0.011. Most MtS and ThD parameters were significantly higher in acromegaly patients than in controls, P-value < 0.001. No significant correlation between the last IGF1 and other parameters existed except free T3, which has a significant negative correlation with IGF1, P < 0.05.
Conclusion
In acromegaly, the frequency of MtS is high (68.18%), and the frequency of ThD is 31.8%. Both MtS and ThDs are more common in patients compared to controls. No significant relationship exists between disease activity and the presence of MtS or ThD. Because both MtS and ThDs increase the metabolic markers, consequently increasing cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality in cases.
SERUM VITAMIN B12, FOLIC ACID, AND HOMOCYSTEINE LEVELS IN VITILIGO PATIENTS: A CASE-CONTROL STUDY IN KURDISTAN POPULATION
Authors: Fattah Mahdi , Saeed Mohammad 
Published: December 2023

Background
Vitiligo is an acquired depigmentation disorder that significantly impacts a patient’s quality of life. Its precise etiology is yet unknown, but it appears to be complex. Many studies have been conducted in the last decade to determine the role of hyperhomocysteinemia, vitamin B12, and folate deficiency in the etiology of vitiligo. Studying part of the aforementioned conditions may give insight into vitiligo pathogenesis.
Objectives
To assess the contribution of homocysteine, vitamin B12, and folate in the pathogenesis of vitiligo by measuring homocysteine (Hcy), B12, and folate levels in the sera of patients and controls. as well as to see if there are a link between them and the degree of severity and duration of the vitiligo.
Patients and Methods
In the current study, 50 vitiligo patients of both sexes and 50 age and sex-matched healthy persons were recruited for six months at the Sulaimani center for skin disease treatment. Serum B12 & folate were measured using electrochemiluminescence (ECL), while serum Hcy level was measured by colorimetric technique.
Results
The mean serum levels of Hcy, B12, and folate in the healthy controls did not differ significantly from those in the patient group. (13.75- ±2.32 vs. 14.31±6.14 μmol/l; P > 0.05), (324.01±131.93 vs 311.57±110.55 pg/ml; P > 0.05), and (8.82±3.09 vs. 8.70±3.20 ng/ml P > 0.05) respectively.
Furthermore, no link was discovered between the serum levels of these parameters and the clinical types, the activity of the disease, and the duration of vitiligo.
Conclusion
The findings don’t support the theory that homocysteine, B12, and folate are contributing factors in vitiligo etiology. Thus, screening the importance of the above mentioned factors cannot be recommended.
COMPOUND DEPRESSED SKULL FRACTURE, ITS ASSOCIATION WITH INFECTION, AND IMPORTANCE OF THE TIME FROM THE ACCIDENT
Authors: Rasheed Handren , Faraj Pakhshan 
Published: December 2023

Background
Infection can occur after compound depressed skull fracture (DSF) if not timely treated.
Objectives
To assess the time effect from accident to surgical intervention on surgical site infection (SSI).
Patients and Methods
A retrospective cohort study was performed on 63 patients admitted to Shar Hospital from September 1, 2020, to May 13, 2021. Demographic features, type of trauma, time from accident to intervention, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), DSF location, associated brain injuries, dural tear, and admission to intensive trauma care unit (ITCU) were recorded. Patients followed up for 30 days.
Results
Mean±SD (standard deviation) of ages was 23.8±18.1 years, ranging from 1-70. The male-to-female ratio was (4.25:1), and patient majorities (46% and 87.3%) were workers outside the city, respectively. Patients’ ages, occupations, and residencies were significantly associated with SSI; p-values of <0.001, <0.001, and 0.004, respectively. 4.8% of patients were afflicted with SSI. Associations of admission GCS and DSF location with SSI were significant. Surgery was done for most patients (52.4%) within six hours, but the association of time from accident to surgery was non-significant. Mean±SD duration from accident to surgery was 8.1±5.1 hours, ranging from 1.5-29. All afflicted patients with SSI had basal skull fracture (BSF) and aerocele. The dural tear did not associate with SSI. All afflicted patients who underwent frontal sinus cranialization were admitted to the ITCU and significantly associated with SSI.
Conclusion
There was no significant association between SSI occurrence and the time from the accident until surgical intervention.
ROLE OF THE FIBROSCAN IN ASSESSING CHRONIC LIVER DISEASES
Authors: Hama Ranj , Mohammed Mohammed , Mohammed Mohsin 
Published: December 2023

Background
Chronic liver disease (CLD) is a long-term inflammatory process of the liver parenchyma. In 2017 it was estimated that 1.5 billion persons had CLD, ranging from most to least common aetiology NAFLD (60%), HBV (29%), HCV (9%), and ALD (2%). The gold standard test for confirming the diagnosis, staging fibrosis, grading activity, and judging response to treatment in CLD is Liver biopsy. However, it has several limitations; as a result, validated noninvasive tests are required. Transient elastography (FibroScan; Echosens, Paris, France) is a new, non-invasive technique for measuring liver stiffness.
Objectives
The aims of the study: To determine the role of Fibroscan in assessing fibrosis and steatosis among a group of patients with chronic liver diseases and compare Fibroscan with other noninvasive methods (APRI, NFS and FIB-4).
Patients and Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 patients with chronic liver disease at Kurdistan Centre for Gastroenterology and Hepatology (KCGH). Fibroscan was done in an outpatient clinic in Sulaimaniyah from June 2019- November 2020. Required data were collected from the patients based on their Clinical, laboratory and radiological findings. The collected data were analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS version 25.0).
Results
Fifty-nine percent of the patients were males. Causes of CLD among patients were as follows: 58% had hepatitis B virus infection, 18% had hepatitis C virus infection, 16% had nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, 4% had nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, 2% had alcoholic hepatitis, 1% had autoimmune hepatitis, 1% cryptogenic chronic hepatitis. The results revealed a significant association between the results obtained from Fibroscan and FIB-4 (p-value=0.001) and APRI (p-value=0.001). Moreover, the sensitivity and specificity of Fibroscan to FIB-4 were 91.2% and 26.7%, and to APRI were 82.4% and 20%.
Conclusion
There was a significant correlation between Fibroscan and FIB-4, APRI. The degree of fibrosis by Fibroscan had a significant association with platelet (PLT) count, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and serum albumin. There was a significant association between steatosis grades and incidence of HBV, HCV, NAFLD, NASH and , alcoholic hepatitis.
THE ROLE OF STAGING LAPAROTOMY IN GRADING GYNECOLOGICAL MALIGNANCIES
Authors: Abdulla Soma , Hussein Tahir , Mahmood Maryam 
Published: December 2023

Background
Staging laparotomy can provide optimal care for gynecological malignancies by avoiding over treatment and under treatment.
Objectives
The aim was to explore the difference between surgical and clinical disease staging of gynecological malignancies.
Patients and Methods
A retrospective observational study was performed on 30 women who were operated on for gynecological malignancies and were admitted to the Sulaimani Maternity Teaching Hospital from January 2019 to December 2020. Inclusion criteria included women diagnosed with gynecological malignancies before staging laparotomy. However, exclusion criteria included previous abdominal surgeries for other gynecological malignancies. In addition, demographic features, previous diagnostic methods, and intraoperative staging were recorded.
Results
The mean±SD (standard deviation) age was 51.8±14.9 years (range, 12 to 72), and the majority (56.7%) was between 50-69 years. The mean±SD of patients’ gravida and para were 4.5±3.5 (range, 0-12) and 3.4±2.8 (range, 0-8), respectively. In addition, 20% of women had a personal history (13.3%) of tumors or familial history (6.7%)—most women (50%) presented with abnormal vaginal bleeding, either postmenopausal or menstrual abnormalities. Most women with endometrial tumors (50%) had been afflicted with adenocarcinoma (endometrioid type); however, the most common types of ovarian tumors were granulosa cell tumor, papillary serous adenocarcinoma, and malignant ovarian dysgerminoma in 10%, 10%, and 6.7%, respectively. The association between clinical staging and staging laparotomy was significant. There was a 60% upgrade from a lower stage to a higher stage; however, downgrading was only 3.3%.
Conclusion
The current study showed a significant association between clinical staging and staging laparotomy of gynecological malignancies.
SHORT AND MID-TERM MEDICAL OUTCOMES OF SLEEVE GASTRECTOMY IN OBESITY IN SULAIMANI CITY. AN ANALYTICAL CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: Ahmed Syamand , Abdullah Karzan , Gubarii Mohammed 
Published: December 2023

Background
The laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is a frequently performed bariatric procedure. Studies indicate that LSG can facilitate successful and sustainable weight loss.
Objectives
To examine the short-term (weight reduction) and mid-term (weight maintenance, quality of life, and medical conditions) outcomes following sleeve gastrectomy in Sulaimani.
Patients and Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted on 114 participants from both high-quality and Zhyan hospitals in Sulaimani. From Feb 3, 2020, to Jul 22, 2021, data was gathered by evaluating the patient data records of 114 patients. Data included patients’ demographics, preoperative BMI& comorbidities, complications, and weight loss in the first week, second,4th, sixth months, and sixth months. Also, after the sixth month, complications were recorded and analyzed by SPSS software (IBM, version 25), including frequency and percentage, mean, and standard deviation, also obtained for parametric data. The associations between the variables were tested at a P value <0.05.
Results
The study consists of 114 patients (71.9% female and 28.1% male), with an average age of 34.0 years (range 20- 51 years). The average preoperative BMI and weight were 41.2 kg/m2 and 110.80 kg, respectively. Six months after surgery, the average ± SD of BMI was 32.8 kg/m ± 2 4.5, and the average ± SD of weight was 87.8 kg ±14.4. The prevalence of early postoperative problems (leak, upper GI bleeding, and intraperitoneal hemorrhage) among 114 patients was 0.9% for each complication, while the proportion of early postoperative nausea was 66.7%, and vomiting was 39.5%. Preoperative sleep apnea was 34.2%; after six months of surgery, the percentage was 0%; 19.3% of patients had joint pain; after six months of surgery, the percentage was 0.9%. In addition, 14 out of 114 patients (12.3%) had preoperative Hypertension, and 2 out of 114 patients (1.75%) had diabetes; after six months, 50% of both groups discontinued medical treatment. The incidence of gallstone development six months after surgery was 13.2%. Six months following LSG, 68.4% of individuals had hair loss.
Conclusion
laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy can considerably reduce BMI six months following surgery and may help improve or eliminate obesity-related comorbidities such as Hypertension and type 2 diabetes. A laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy is an effective option for obese adults, resulting in significant weight loss with a low incidence of postoperative complications. LSG could be recommended as a valuable single intervention therapy for patients who typically fail to achieve and obtain real benefits from a structured weight loss program.
OUTCOMES OF MITCHELL’S PROCEDURE IN THE TREATMENT OF HALLUX VALGUS
Authors: Barawi Omer , Ghafour Abdullah , Muhsin Abd 
Published: December 2023

Background
Hallux Valgus is the commonest foot deformity. It is characterized by lateral deviation of the big toe with the medial shifting of the first metatarsal. Many intrinsic and extrinsic factors are claimed to be a cause and may coexist as multifactorial. Mitchell’s distal metatarsal osteotomy is one of the preliminary operations proposed in managing hallux valgus, with 70% to 90% of satisfactory results.
Objectives
To evaluate the outcome of Mitchell’s procedure in treating mild to moderate hallux valgus in terms of clinical and radiological outcomes.
Patients and Methods
Sixteen adult patients (26 feet) with mild to moderate hallux valgus were enrolled in this study. They underwent original Mitchell’s step-cut distal osteotomy to correct their hallux valgus
Results
At the last follow-up, overall satisfaction was (81.25%) with three patients unsatisfied due to transfer metatarsagia and reflex sympathetic dystrophy. The mean change in hallux valgus angle and intermetatarsal angle were (17.27°) and (4.47°) respectively.
Conclusion
Mitchell’s procedure is a distal metatarsal osteotomy which has good results in treating mild to moderate hallux valgus in terms of clinical and radiological appearance and acceptable patient satisfaction. However, transfer metatarsalgia and recurrence of deformity are two more known drawbacks of this procedure.