bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Whole-protein enteral nutrition formula supplementation reduces Escherichia and improves intestinal barrier function in HIV-infected immunological nonresponders
Authors: Lu Danfeng , Wang Yue-Xin , Geng Shi-Tao , Zhang Zunyue , Xu Yu , Peng Qing-Yan , Li Shao-You , Zhang Jian-Bo , Wang Kun-Hua , Kuang Yi-Qun 
Published: November 2023

People living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) have persistent malnutrition, intestinal barrier dysfunction, and gut microbial imbalance. The interplay between gut microbiota and nutrients is involved in the immune reconstitution of PLWH. To evaluate the effects of whole-protein enteral nutrition formula supplementation on T-cell levels, intestinal barrier function, nutritional status, and gut microbiota composition in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected immunological nonresponders (INRs) who failed to normalize CD4+ T-cell counts, with a number <350 cells/µL, a pilot study was carried out in 13 HIV-infected INRs undergoing antiretroviral therapy who received a 3-month phase supplementation of 200 mL/200 kcal/45 g whole-protein enteral nutrition formula once daily. Our primary endpoint was increased CD4+ T-cell counts. Secondary outcome parameters were changes in intestinal barrier function, nutritional status, and gut microbiota composition. We showed that CD4+ T-cell counts of HIV-infected INRs increased significantly after the 3-month supplementation. Dietary supplementation for 3 months improved the intestinal barrier function and nutritional status of HIV-infected INRs. Furthermore, the enteral nutrition formula significantly decreased the relative abundance of Escherichia at the genus level and increased the alpha diversity of gut microbiota in HIV-infected INRs. The findings demonstrated that the whole-protein enteral nutrition formula aids in reducing Escherichia and improving intestinal barrier function in HIV-infected INRs. This study provides insight into the role of nutrients in the improvement of immune reconstitution in HIV-infected INRs. This study is registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (Document No. ChiCTR2000037839; http://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx ).
Resonance X(7300): excited 2S tetraquark or hadronic molecule $$\chi _{c1}\chi _{c1}$$?
Authors: Agaev S. S. , Azizi K. , Barsbay B. , Sundu H. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe explore the first radial excitation$$X_{\textrm{4c}}^{*}$$X4c∗of the fully charmed diquark-antidiquark state$$X_{\textrm{4c}}=cc{\overline{c}}{\overline{c}} $$X4c=ccc¯c¯built of axial-vector components, and the hadronic molecule$${\mathcal {M}} =\chi _{c1}\chi _{c1}$$M=χc1χc1. The masses and current couplings of these scalar states are calculated in the context of the QCD two-point sum rule approach. The full widths of$$X_{\textrm{4c}}^{*}$$X4c∗and$${\mathcal {M}}$$Mare evaluated by taking into account their kinematically allowed decay channels. We find partial widths of these processes using the strong couplings$$g_i^{*}$$gi∗and$$G_i^{(*)}$$Gi(∗)at the$$X_{\textrm{4c}}^{*}$$X4c∗($${\mathcal {M}}$$M)-conventional mesons vertices computed by means of the QCD three-point sum rule method. The predictions obtained for the parameters$$m=(7235 \pm 75)~ \textrm{MeV}$$m=(7235±75)MeV,$$\Gamma =(144 \pm 18)~\textrm{MeV}$$Γ=(144±18)MeVand$${\widetilde{m}}=(7180 \pm 120)~\textrm{MeV}$$m~=(7180±120)MeV,$${\widetilde{\Gamma }}=(169 \pm 21)~\textrm{MeV}$$Γ~=(169±21)MeVof these structures, are compared with the experimental data of the CMS and ATLAS Collaborations. In accordance to these results, within existing errors of measurements and uncertainties of the theoretical calculations, both the excited tetraquark and hadronic molecule may be considered as candidates to the resonanceX(7300). Detailed analysis, however, demonstrates that the preferable model forX(7300) is an admixture of the molecule$${\mathcal {M}}$$Mand sizeable part of$$X_{\textrm{4c}}^{*}$$X4c∗.
THE IMPACT OF SFAS166/167 ON BANK LIQUIDITY AND LENDING
Authors: ZHAO QIUHONG , FORGIONE DANA A. 
Published: November 2023

This study examines whether, and to what extent, SFAS166/167 changed the role of securitization in bank liquidity and lending activities. We compare the sensitivity of on-balance sheet loan growth to the loan portfolio liquidity index proposed by Loutskina [( 2011 ) The role of securitization in bank liquidity and funding management, Journal of Financial Economics 100, 663–684] between affected banks and control banks. We find that SFAS166/167 is significantly associated with a reduction in the use of securitization to enhance on-balance sheet liquidity, consistent with the view that consolidation on balance sheets may render the securitization of loans too costly to be considered an effective source of liquidity. In addition, we find that affected banks with the highest increase in liabilities from consolidating Qualified Special Purpose Entities (QSPEs) experienced a significant decrease in lending activities relative to the control banks. This is likely because consolidating former QSPEs may adversely affect the ability and willingness of banks to engage in securitization and issue new loans. Taken together, our results suggest that SFAS166/167, requiring the consolidation of former QSPEs, led to a decline in the role of securitization as a liquidity management tool in banks and to a significant decline in lending.
Cretaceous stratigraphic framework and sedimentary architecture, Pakistan: signatures of rift–drift tectonics and submarine volcanism along the western continental margin of the Indian Plate
Authors: Umar Muhammad , Kassi Akhtar Muhammad , Jamil Muhammad , Kasi Aimal Khan , Khan Abdul Salam 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The lithostratigraphy, biostratigraphy and depositional environments of the Cretaceous successions in Pakistan were investigated to reveal the major geological events, including local, regional and global-scale tectonics, phases of volcanism, basin condensation, emergence of structural highs and episodes of non-deposition. The succession is entirely missing at Salt Range but is excellently exposed in the Kirthar–Sulaiman Fold-Thrust belts. Such deviating nature (e.g. Hazara, Kala Chitta, Surghar and Kohat), suggesting episodical tectonic activities, is associated with inter–intra rifting and drifting of the India–Madagascar–Seychelles and Antarctica–Australian plates during the Cretaceous. Correspondingly, several unconformities within the Cretaceous succession at numerous stratigraphic intervals consistently attest to the effect of tectonics throughout the period. The recognized unconformities over Kawagarh, Lumshiwal, Parh and Fort Munro formations testify to episodic uplifts on local and/or regional scales during the Coniacian–Santonian, Coniacian–Maastrichtian, Campanian and Maastrichtian in response to the separation of Madagascar from the India–Seychelles Plate. In contrast, there was continuous sedimentation of carbonate, clastic and/or submarine volcanics in the Kirthar and Indian–Eurasian suture zone. Significant geological events in the restricted regions, e.g. local-scale submarine volcanism (Bibai Formation), ironstone deposition (Dilband Formation) and basin condensation (Khuzdar), were also associated with such rifting–drifting phases along the WNW margin of the Indian Plate.
Pre- and Postnatal Exposures to Tobacco Smoking and Survival of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic and Myeloid Leukemias in California, United States
Authors: Metayer Catherine , Morimoto Libby M. , Kang Alice Y. , Sanchez Alvarez Jacklyn , Winestone Lena E. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background:
Tobacco smoke adversely affects the prognosis of adult cancers including myeloid leukemia, but less is known in children.

Methods:
We evaluated whether pre- and postnatal exposures to tobacco smoke decrease 5-year survival of 1,235 childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and 188 childhood acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cases derived from a population-based case–control study in California. Cases were diagnosed between 1995 and 2015 (median follow-up time of 13.2 years overall). We obtained data on tobacco smoking (before conception, during pregnancy, after birth), parental education and income, clinical features, and vital status through 2020. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to calculate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for mortality associated with smoking, adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and risk group (ALL only).

Results:
About 23% of mothers and 39% of fathers reported smoking and 130 children with ALL and 52 with AML died within 5 years. For AML, increased risks of death were observed among children whose fathers smoked before conception compared with nonsmoking fathers [HR = 1.41; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.95–3.44 and 3.47; 95% CI, 1.37–8.81, respectively for &lt;20 vs. ≥20 cigarettes per day; Ptrend = 0.01]. HR for child's passive smoking was 1.74, 95% CI, 0.81–3.73. Paternal preconception smoking may also reduce 5-year survival among ALL with favorable prognostic molecular subtypes (high hyperdiploidy and absence of IKZF1 gene deletion), although the associations did not reach statistical significance (Pheterogeneity = 0.07).

Conclusions:
Paternal preconception smoking decreased 5-year survival of childhood AML.

Impact:
Knowledge of exposure to tobacco smoking should be integrated in the treatment plan of childhood leukemias.
Antibody Drug Clearance: An Underexplored Marker of Outcomes with Checkpoint Inhibitors
Authors: Guo Yizhen , Remaily Bryan C. , Thomas Justin , Kim Kyeongmin , Kulp Samuel K. , Mace Thomas A. , Ganesan Latha P. , Owen Dwight H. , Coss Christopher C. , Phelps Mitch A. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Immune-checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy has dramatically changed the clinical landscape for several cancers, and ICI use continues to expand across many cancer types. Low baseline clearance (CL) and/or a large reduction of CL during treatment correlates with better clinical response and longer survival. Similar phenomena have also been reported with other monoclonal antibodies (mAb) in cancer and other diseases, highlighting a characteristic of mAb clinical pharmacology that is potentially shared among various mAbs and diseases. Though tempting to attribute poor outcomes to low drug exposure and arguably low target engagement due to high CL, such speculation is not supported by the relatively flat exposure–response relationship of most ICIs, where a higher dose or exposure is not likely to provide additional benefit. Instead, an elevated and/or increasing CL could be a surrogate marker of the inherent resistant phenotype that cannot be reversed by maximizing drug exposure. The mechanisms connecting ICI clearance, therapeutic efficacy, and resistance are unclear and likely to be multifactorial. Therefore, to explore the potential of ICI CL as an early marker for efficacy, this review highlights the similarities and differences of CL characteristics and CL-response relationships for all FDA-approved ICIs, and we compare and contrast these to selected non-ICI mAbs. We also discuss underlying mechanisms that potentially link mAb CL with efficacy and highlight existing knowledge gaps and future directions where more clinical and preclinical investigations are warranted to clearly understand the value of baseline and/or time-varying CL in predicting response to ICI-based therapeutics.
Phase Ia/b Study of Giredestrant ± Palbociclib and ± Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone Agonists in Estrogen Receptor–Positive, HER2-Negative, Locally Advanced/Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Jhaveri Komal L. , Bellet Meritxell , Turner Nicholas C. , Loi Sherene , Bardia Aditya , Boni Valentina , Sohn Joohyuk , Neilan Tomas G. , Villanueva-Vázquez Rafael , Kabos Peter , García-Estévez Laura , López-Miranda Elena , Pérez-Fidalgo J. Alejandro , Pérez-García Jose M. , Yu Jiajie , Fredrickson Jill , Moore Heather M. , Chang Ching-Wei , Bond John W. , Eng-Wong Jennifer , Gates Mary R. , Lim Elgene 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Purpose:
Giredestrant is an investigational next-generation, oral, selective estrogen receptor antagonist and degrader for the treatment of estrogen receptor–positive (ER+) breast cancer. We present the primary analysis results of the phase Ia/b GO39932 study (NCT03332797).

Patients and Methods:
Patients with ER+, HER2-negative locally advanced/metastatic breast cancer previously treated with endocrine therapy received single-agent giredestrant (10, 30, 90, or 250 mg), or giredestrant (100 mg) ± palbociclib 125 mg ± luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist. Detailed cardiovascular assessment was conducted with giredestrant 100 mg. Endpoints included safety (primary), pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and efficacy.

Results:
As of January 28, 2021, with 175 patients enrolled, no dose-limiting toxicity was observed, and the MTD was not reached. Adverse events (AE) related to giredestrant occurred in 64.9% and 59.4% of patients in the single-agent ± LHRH agonist and giredestrant + palbociclib ± LHRH agonist cohorts, respectively (giredestrant-only–related grade 3/4 AEs were reported in 4.5% of patients across the single-agent cohorts and 3.1% of those with giredestrant + palbociclib). Dose-dependent asymptomatic bradycardia was observed, but no clinically significant changes in cardiac-related outcomes: heart rate, blood pressure, or exercise duration. Clinical benefit was observed in all cohorts (48.6% of patients in the single-agent cohort and 81.3% in the giredestrant + palbociclib ± LHRH agonist cohort), with no clear dose relationship, including in patients with ESR1-mutated tumors.

Conclusions:
Giredestrant was well tolerated and clinically active in patients who progressed on prior endocrine therapy. Results warrant further evaluation of giredestrant in randomized trials in early- and late-stage ER+ breast cancer.
Egypt as a Gateway for the Passage of Pathogens into the Ancient Mediterranean
Authors: Huebner Sabine R. , McDonald Brandon T. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Ancient Egypt plays a crucial role in the history of infectious disease. An intersection for communication and commerce, Egypt linked disparate civilizations and ecologies, allowing the spread of local epidemics and Mediterranean-wide pandemics. The region south of Egypt developed a pestilential reputation, due in part to Thucydides’ account of the Plague of Athens, which traced the disease’s origins to that area. Later records are modeled on Thucydides’ account, muddling the true origins and scope of later outbreaks. Critical reading of ancient literature and documents—particularly papyri—supplemented with archeological and palaeoscientific evidence, significantly improves our understanding of how Egypt facilitated the circulation of pathogens between the western Indian Ocean and the Mediterranean.
A Gender Analysis of the Population Exchange Between Greece and Turkey
Authors: Göktürk Baltas Gülen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One hundred years after people were forcibly driven from their ancestral lands, this article traces the gender aspect of the Turkish-Greek population exchange from an ethnographic perspective. This aspect certainly differs with respect to the refugees’ place of origin, place of residence, social class, and the cultural capital they brought from their previous lives. The experiences were diverse, in some cases similar, and cut across religious boundaries. Based on memoirs, literary works, and oral history, this article draws a comparative picture of refugee lives before and after their displacement.
Temporal Assessment of GCM-Driven Hydroclimatic Conditions for the Alberta Oil Sands Region, Canada
Authors: Thiombiano Alida , Pietroniro Alain , Stadnyk Tricia , Eum Hyung , Farjad Babak , Gupta Anil , Bonsal Barrie 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Freshwater supplies in most western Canadian watersheds are threatened by the warming of temperatures because it alters the snow-dominated hydrologic patterns that characterize these cold regions. In this study, we used datasets from 12 climate simulations, which are associated with seven global climate models and four future scenarios and are participating in phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, to calculate and assess the historical and future temporal patterns of 13 hydroclimate indicators relevant to water resources management. We conducted linear long-term trend and change analyses on their annual time series to provide insight into the potential regional impacts of the detected changes on water availability for all users. We implemented our framework on the Alberta oil sands region in Canada to support the monitoring of environmental changes in this region, relative to the established baseline 1985–2014. Our analysis indicates a persistent increase in the occurrence of extreme hot temperatures, fewer extreme cold temperatures, and an increase in warm spells and heatwaves, while precipitation-related indices show minor changes. Consequently, deficits in regional water availability during summer and water-year periods, as depicted by the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration indices, are expected. The combined effects of the strong climate warming signals and the small increases in precipitation annual amounts generally detected in this study suggest that drier conditions may become severe and frequent in the Alberta oil sands region. The challenging climate change risks identified for this region should therefore be continuously monitored, updated, and integrated to support a sustainable management for all water users.
ENSO and MJO Modulation of U.S. Cloud-to-Ground Lightning Activity
Authors: Malloy Kelsey , Tippett Michael K. , Koshak William J. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning substantially impacts human health and property. However, the relations between U.S. lightning activity and the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) and El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), two predictable drivers of global climate variability, remain uncertain, in part because most lightning datasets have short records that cannot robustly reveal MJO- and ENSO-related patterns. To overcome this limitation, we developed an empirical model of 6-hourly lightning flash count over the contiguous United States (CONUS) using environmental variables (convective available potential energy and precipitation) and National Lightning Detection Network data for 2003–16. This model is shown to reproduce the observed daily and seasonal variability of lightning over most of CONUS. Then, the empirical model was applied to construct a proxy lightning dataset for the period 1979–2021, which was used to investigate the summer MJO–lightning relationship at daily resolution and the winter–spring ENSO–lightning relationship at seasonal resolution. Overall, no robust relationship between MJO phase and lightning patterns was found when seasonality was taken into consideration. El Niño is associated with increased lightning activity over the coastal Southeast United States during early winter, the Southwest during winter through spring, and the Northwest during late spring, whereas La Niña is associated with increased lightning activity over the Tennessee River valley during winter.

Significance Statement
Cloud-to-ground lightning is dangerous for humans via direct strikes or through triggering wildfires, generating air pollution, etc. How lightning activity can be affected by climate remains unclear, and it is challenging to study their links because the data record for lightning is short. With the available lightning record, we developed a model that relates lightning flash counts over the United States to environmental factors. This model well represents observed fluctuations in daily and seasonal lightning over most of the United States. Because the model only needs environmental information to predict lightning flash counts, we were able to construct a longer record of predicted lightning based on the longer data record of environmental variables. With this dataset, we investigated the links between lightning and climate and found that the state of sea surface temperatures in the tropical Pacific (El Niño–Southern Oscillation) is linked to changes in U.S. lightning patterns in winter and spring.
Influence of pneumatic tube delivery system on laboratory results
Authors: Makhlouf Rihab , Fendri Sana , Jallouli Dana , Labiadh Zeinab , Fritis Lotfi , Chaabouni Khansa , Elleuch Aida , Ayadi Fatma Makni 
Published: November 2023

Introduction The pneumatic tube system (PTS) is an automated and fast modality of transportation of biological samples, but it has been reported to induce preanalytical errors. Aim To study the influence of transportation by PTS on biochemistry tests which are particularly sensitive to haemolysis and atmospheric pressure variation. Materials and methods We compared laboratory results of arterial blood gas, sodium, potassium, chloride, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, glucose and haemolysis index of samples conveyed simultaneously by PTS and by courier. Results We recruited 30 patients from the sampling room and 40 patients from the intensive care unit. Transport through PTS resulted in a significant increase in aspartate aminotransferase and potassium without exceeding the limits of acceptability. Potassium was significantly more increased for samples transported in a higher speed line ( p = .048) but without exceeding the limits of acceptability. No significant impact was noted on haemolysis indices. The pO2 variations due to PTS transportation exceeded the limit of acceptability with significant intra-individual variations. Conclusion Our PTS is validated for biochemistry tests results. It reduces turnaround times without affecting sample quality. However, the interpretation of arterial blood gas results should be careful for samples transported by PTS.
Perspectives of inpatients with palliative care needs, their families, clinicians and key stakeholders on measuring quality of hospital care via patient experience measures: A qualitative study
Authors: Virdun Claudia , Button Elise , Phillips Jane L , Yates Patsy , Luckett Tim 
Published: November 2023

Background: Globally there are high numbers of patients with palliative care needs receiving care in hospitals. Patient reported experience measures (PREMs) provide useful data to guide improvement work. How to implement PREMs within palliative care populations is unclear. Aim: To explore the perspectives of inpatients with palliative care needs, their family members, and the clinical team regarding the use of a generic PREM as compared with a PREM designed for people with palliative care needs and related implementation factors. Design: A qualitative study was undertaken using semi-structured interviews and focus groups and integrated thematic analysis. Setting/participants: Inpatients with palliative care needs, their family members, and clinical team members were recruited from three wards in an Australian metropolitan hospital. Results: Twenty-seven interviews and three focus groups were conducted. Six themes emerged: (1) PREMs for people with palliative care needs ought to be tailored to the needs of this population; (2) PREMs should appraise whether the needs of families have been met in addition to those of patients; (3) PREMs for inpatients with palliative care needs ought to be easy to use, brief and incorporate space for free text alongside each question; (4) Implementation of PREMs for people with palliative care needs ought to consider who administers these, when and how often; (5) PREM data need to be specific enough to inform process change and/or care provision; (6) Patients and families require meaningful feedback to encourage PREM completion. Conclusions: This study provides practical guidance for PREM selection and implementation to inform improvements to care for inpatients with palliative care needs.