bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct bandgap quantum wells in hexagonal Silicon Germanium
Authors: Bakkers Erik , Peeters Wouter , Lange Victor , Belabbes Abderrezak , Hemert Max van , Jansen Marvin , Farina Riccardo , Tilburg Marvin , Verheijen Marcel , Botti Silvana , Bechstedt Friedhelm , Haverkort Jos 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Silicon is indisputably the most advanced material for scalable electronics, but it is a poor choice for active photonic applications, due to its indirect band gap. The recently developed hexagonal (hex-)Si1−xGex semiconductor features a direct bandgap at least for x > 0.65, and the realization of quantum heterostructures would unlock new opportunities for advanced optoelectronic devices based on the SiGe system. Here, we demonstrate the synthesis and characterization of direct bandgap quantum wells (QW)s realized in the hex-Si1−xGex system. Photoluminescence experiments on hex-Ge/Si0.2Ge0.8 QWs demonstrate quantum confinement in the hex-Ge segment with type-I band alignment, showing light emission up to room temperature. Moreover, the tuning range of the QW emission energy can be extended using hex-Si1−xGex/Si1−yGey QWs with additional Si in the well. These experimental findings are supported with ab initio bandstructure calculations. A direct bandgap with type-I band alignment is pivotal for the development of novel low-dimensional light emitting devices based on hex-Si1−xGex alloys, which have been out of reach for this material system until now.
Exploring Force-Driven Stochastic Folding Dynamics in Mechano-Responsive Proteins and Implications in Phenotypic Variation
Authors: Rakshit Sabyasachi , Saha Pritam , Vashisht Vishavdeep , Singh Ojas , Bhati Gaurav , Garg Surbhi 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Single-point mutations are pivotal in molecular zoology, shaping functions and influencing genetic diversity and evolution. Here we study three such genetic variants of a mechano-responsive gating-spring protein, cadherin-23, that uphold the structural integrity of the protein, but showcase distinct genotypes and phenotypes. All-atom simulations indicated marginal deviations in the transient intra-domain interactions among the variants leading to variations in the anti-cross correlated motions among constituent β-strands. In nature, the variants experience declining functions with aging at different rates. We expose these variants to constant and oscillatory forces using magnetic tweezer, and measure variations in stochastic folding dynamics. All variants exhibit multiple microstates under force. However, the protein variant with higher number of intra-domain contacts exhibits transitions among the heterogeneous microstates for larger extent of forces and persisted longer. Conversely, the protein variant with weaker inter-strand correlations exhibits greater unfolding cooperativity and faster intrinsic folding, although its folding-energy landscape is more susceptible to distortion under tension. Our study thus deciphers the molecular mechanisms underlying the variations in force-adaptations and propose a mechanical relation between genotype and phenotype.
Expression of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 5 in the vaginal wall tissues of older women with pelvic organ prolapse
Authors: Duan Yinan , Chen Yifei , He Yan , Gong Runqi , Xia Zhijun 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 5 (IGFBP5) seems to be associated with aging and extracellular matrix (ECM) fibrosis, but there has been no examination of the expression and effect on vaginal wall tissues among pelvic organ prolapse (POP) patients.
Objective
This study aimed to investigate the expression and significance of IGFBP5 and ECM related proteins in anterior vaginal wall tissues among aged POP patients.
Methods
Tissues from the anterior vaginal wall were collected from 28 patients with POP and 20 patients without POP. The expression of protein and mRNA levels of IGFBP5 and ECM related proteins were evaluated in the vaginal wall tissues using immunohistochemistry, western blotting, and RT-qPCR techniques. The expression levels were then compared with clinical parameters.
Results
The expression levels of protein and mRNA of IGFBP5, collagen I, and collagen III were significantly lower in the POP group. Protein and mRNA expression levels of MMP2 were significantly higher in the POP group. IGFBP5 protein and mRNA expression levels were were negatively correlated with age and significantly lower in older POP patients (≥ 65 years old) compared to younger POP patients (< 65 years old). IGFBP5 protein and mRNA expression levels were also significantly lower in POP-Q stage IV patients compared to POP-Q stage III patients.
Conclusion
Downregulation of IGFBP5 may be related to alteration of the ECM and the IGFBP5 expression level is negatively correlated with the age and severity of prolapse. The significant decrease in IGFBP5 expression may play a crucial part in the aging process and the occurrence of POP.
The Effect of SGLT2 Inhibitor on Renal Anemia in Patients with Moderate to Severe Diabetic Kidney Disease
Authors: LI Chuanlei , NG Jack KC , CHAN Gordon CK , FUNG Winston WS , CHOW Kai-Ming , SZETO Cheuk-Chun 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) is a standard treatment for kidney and cardiovascular protection in diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Recent evidence suggests that SGLT2i may enhance erythropoiesis, but data are limited in advanced kidney disease.
Methods
We reviewed 670 DKD patients started on SGLT2i. Their hemoglobin level and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 6 months before the use of SGLT2i, immediately before, and 6 months after the use of SGLT2i were reviewed.
Results
The hemoglobin level had a small but significant increase 6 months after SGLT2 inhibitor treatment from 12.89 ± 1.75 to 13.08 ± 1.94 g/dL (p < 0.0001). The absolute increase in hemoglobin was 0.19 ± 1.06 g/dL; 117 patients (17.5%) had an increase ≥1.0 g/dL. In contrast, the average hemoglobin level was 13.01 ± 1.75 g/dL 6 months before SGLT2i, which showed a significant decline to the pre-treatment level (p=0.001). The increase in hemoglobin after SGLT2i was most marked in CKD stage 3b (12.26 ± 1.81 to 12.68 ± 1.98 g/dL, p < 0.0001). There was no significant correlation between the change in hemoglobin level and the severity of baseline albuminuria, eGFR, or HbA1c level, but it had significant correlations with the change in eGFR (r = -0.172, p < 0.0001) and HbA1c (r = 0.120, p = 0.004) during the same period. Conclusion
SGLT2 inhibitor therapy leads to a small but significant increase in hemoglobin level in patients with T2DM, including those with moderate to severe CKD.
Subsidence rate and long-term outcome of a calcar-guided short stem: A prospective 10-year follow-up study
Authors: Thut Titus , Rohner Marco , Kellner Christoph , Helmy Naeder , von Deimling Christian 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background: Several studies have reported good to excellent mid-term outcomes for various types of calcar-guided or metaphyseal-anchoring short stems. In our current long-term study, we investigated the subsidence rate of the optimys stem at 10-year follow, correlated the data with clinical outcome and identified potential risk-factors for failure.
Methods:
In our cohort we included 41 patients with 43 hips with an average age of 62.5 years and a minimum follow-up of ten years. Ein-Bild-Roentgen-Analyse (EBRA) was used to detect potential subsidence. Clinical outcome and complication rate were analyzed.
Results: We found an average subsidence of 0.66 mm (SD 0.60) at 3 months, 0.92 (SD 0.88) at 12, 1.5 (SD 1.19) at 60 and 1.8 (SD 1.47) at 120 months respectively. We identified increased femoral offset (2.19mm vs 0.90 p = 0.0099) and head size (28, 0.34mm vs. 32 1.48 Vs. 36 2.50, p = 0.0052), as well as gender (female 1.21mm vs. male 2.35, p = 0.0067) as risk factors for increased subsidence. The amount of subsidence did not impact clinical outcome.
Conclusions: The evaluated calcar-guided short stemshows an average subsidence of 1.8mm at 10-year follow up, with most pronounced subsidence within the first 3 months and stabilizing thereafter. In our study male gender and offset seem to be more susceptible to pronounced subsidence whereas this did not correlate with revision rate or inferior clinical outcome in terms of Harris Hip Score (HHS), patient satisfaction and pain.
Trial registration: This prospective study was approved by the ethics commission board of northwest- and central- Switzerland (BASEC Nr 2023-00375).
Breeding Ecology and Adaptive Nest-building Behavior in Indian White-spotted Fantail Flycatcher (Rhipidura Albogularis)
Authors: Sharma Vipul Keerti , Patidar Kratika , Vishwakarma Harsh , Patidar Komal 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the nesting behavior and ecological dynamics of the White-Spotted Fantail Flycatcher (Rhipidura albogularis) in India, providing extensive insights into its breeding ecology. Conducted in Indore, Madhya Pradesh, the research involved meticulous observation of fifteen nests, documenting nest construction, materials used, and site characteristics. These passerines, known for aerial feeding, exhibited distinctive nest-building behaviors, constructing cup-shaped nests with unique tail-like structures using a combination of organic materials such as plant fibers, grasses, human hairs, and spider cobwebs. Particularly noteworthy was the discovery of adaptive behavior in response to predation risks: the species demonstrated the ability to modify nest architecture during subsequent nesting attempts by increasing cup depth and nest height, resulting in improved fledgling success. Detailed observations of egg laying, clutch sizes, incubation periods, and fledgling stages revealed egg dimensions of 16.2 x 12.5 mm with diverse spot patterns and colours. Initial nesting attempts encountered challenges, including predation by cats or raptors, highlighting vulnerabilities. However, the study underscored the species' remarkable adaptability through altered nest construction, positively impacting breeding success and exemplifying its adaptive responses to environmental pressures. This comprehensive understanding emphasizes the pivotal role of nest architecture in mitigating predation risks and underscores the significance of continuous observations in avian species' adaptation to environmental challenges. The findings offer crucial contributions to avian ecology, laying groundwork for conservation strategies and further scientific exploration aimed at the preservation of the White-Spotted Fantail Flycatcher.
Biological characteristics of Cordyceps militaris single mating-type strains
Authors: Li Xiu'E , Wang Xin , Liang Fengji , Wang Zhaoxin , Liu Wenshuo , Ge Yupeng , Yang Shude , Liu Yu , Li Yin , Li Weihuan , Cheng Xianhao 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Cordyceps militaris has been extensively cultivated as a model cordyceps species for commercial purposes. Nevertheless, the problems related to strain degeneration and breeding technologies remain unresolved. This study assessed the physiology and fertility traits of six C. militaris strains with distinct origins and characteristics, focusing on single mating-type strains. The results demonstrated that the three identified strains (CMDB01, CMSY01, and CMJB02) were single mating-type possessing only one mating-type gene (MAT1-1). In contrast, the other three strains (CMXF07, CMXF09, and CMMS05) were the dual mating type. The MAT1-1 strains sourced from CMDB01, CMSY01, and CMJB02 consistently produced sporocarps but failed to generate ascospores. However, when paired with MAT1-2 strains, the MAT1-1 strains with slender fruiting bodies and normal morphology were fertile. The hyphal growth rate of single mating-type strains (CMDB01, CMSY01, and CMJB02) typically surpassed that of single mating-type strains (CMXF07, CMXF09, and CMMS05). The growth rates of MAT1-2 and MAT1-1 strains were proportional to their ratios, such that a single mating-type strain with a higher ratio exhibited an increased growth rate. As C. militaris matured, the adenosine content decreased. In summary, the C. militaris strains that consistently produce sporocarps and have a single mating type are highly promising for production and breeding.
Efficient Encryption using Quondam Signature Algorithm and Modified Lean Six Sigma for Sustainability with Supply Chain Management
Authors: Kunwar Fateh Bahadur , Singh Hitendra , Yadav Rakesh Kumar 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This paper presents a novel blockchain-based Industrial Internet of Things (IIIoT) security approach. The proposed architecture uses an eco-friendly federated learning AI-driven paradigm with cutting-edge Quondam Signature Algorithm technology and efficient encryption. The research also uses Modified Lean Six Sigma for sustainable supply chain management. The framework combines these aspects to synergistically increase IIIoT systems cyber resilience and environmental sustainability. The proposed work explores advanced encryption and process optimization methods to develop robust security architecture and advance safe and environmentally friendly IIIoT applications in supply chain management. We analyze cost-in-communication systems, focusing on federated learning and encryption. The suggested method uses an online/offline system, an elliptic curve digital signature technique, and online phase signature generation to combine offline phase calculations and optimize temporal complexity. Since it uses federated learning and encryption, the proposed method looks to improve efficiency and lower communication costs. This proposed work also shows that the recommended technique reduces communication costs, improves analytical capabilities, and protects IIoT systems from various attacks.
Analyzing the Economic Factors Affecting Life Expectancy in G7 Countries Using Panel Data Analysis
Authors: Kandemir Aysen Şimşek , Çelik Şenol 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This study aims to examine the relationships between life expectancy at birth (years) and gross domestic product per capita, gross national income per capita, and trade openness using panel data analysis. For this purpose, the G7 countries, consisting of Germany, the United States, the United Kingdom, Italy, France, Japan, and Canada, which are the seven most developed countries in the world and known as the leading countries, were analyzed through the panel data method for the period 1990–2019. The empirical findings reveal that gross domestic product per capita, gross national income per capita, and trade openness positively affect life expectancy at birth and that the effect of gross domestic product per capita and trade openness on life expectancy is significant, but the effect of gross national income per capita on life expectancy is insignificant. Finally, when gross domestic product per capita and trade openness increased by 1 unit, life expectancy at birth increased by 0.0001067 and 0.0802918 years, respectively. It was understood that robust panel data analysis models were applicable methods to examine the impacts of economic variables on people's life expectancy at birth.
Internally hollow Cu2O nanoframes with the abundance of {110} facets achieves triple-win in direct propylene epoxidation
Authors: Fu Gang , Qiu Yueming , Zhang Yichen , Zhang Ronghui , Huang Meng , Tan Kok Bing , Zhan Guowu , Li Qingbiao , Huang Jiale 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The gas-phase direct epoxidation of propylene using molecular oxygen (DEP), a process deemed as the 'dream reaction' for propylene oxide (PO) production due to its efficiency and environmental benefits, continues to attract substantial research interest. In this contribution, we have engineered a series of Cu2O nanocatalysts by employing ligand-protection/selective facet-etching technique. Among these, the internally hollow Cu2O nanoframes, featured by an expanded specific surface area and a prevalence of {110} sites, achieved triple-win in activity, selectivity, and stability, with an optimal PO formation rate of 0.18 mmol gcat-1 h-1 and a selectivity of 83.8% at 175ºC. In addition, long-term tests confirmed that these internally hollow nanoframes maintained the high activity and selectivity for over 300 minutes. Further characterizations combined with density functional theory calculations confirmed that the unique atomic arrangement of copper and oxygen on the Cu2O {110} facet facilitated the formation of chemically adsorbed oxygen species and propylene oxide as well. We anticipated that the ligand-protection/selective facet-etching approach may serve as a versatile method for fabricating well-defined catalyst architectures.
Aetiologies clinical presentation and outcome of acute kidney injury in children aged 29 days to 5 years: a two-year retrospective study
Authors: Teuwafeu Denis Georges , MaguipaTsasse Ange Erica , Puepi Yolande Njike , Ronald Gobina Mbua , Mbapah Tasha Leslie , Halle Marie-Patrice , Ashuntantang Gloria 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Younger children are more vulnerable to acute kidney injury. We aimed to determine the prevalence, aetiological factors, clinical features, and outcome of acute kidney injury (AKI) in children aged 29 days to 5 years.
Method
We retrospectively reviewed hospital records of children less than 5 years admitted between March 2021 and March 2023. We defined AKI using the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcome (KDIGO) criteria when applicable or based on the treating physicians report. Our outcomes of interest were: the need for dialysis, death, and renal recovery at discharge. Data were analysed using STATA version 17 SE. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results
Out of 3393 files, 54 (1.59%) had AKI. The median age of our participants was 22 months. Sepsis (n = 47; 87.04%), severe malaria (n = 17; 31.48%), and the use of nephrotoxins (n = 15; 27.78%) were the most common aetiologies of AKI. All but one of our participants was in KDIGO stage 3 AKI. Dialysis was indicated for 75.92% (n = 41) of the patients. But done only in 32% (n = 13). The reasons of no dialysis were inappropriate logistics (n = 16, 57.14%), death before initiation of dialysis (n = 8, 28.57%), and family refusal (n = 4, 14.29%). The mortality rate was 73.47% (n = 36).
Conclusion
About 15 in a thousand children aged 29 days to 5 years developed AKI during hospital stay. Sepsis, severe malaria, and the use of nephrotoxins were the most common aetiologies of AKI. Dialysis was often needed and not done, and the mortality rate was high.
Deep Learning-Enhanced Ultrasound Analysis: Classifying Breast Tumors using Segmentation and Feature Extraction
Authors: Hamza Ali , Mezl Martin 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Breast cancer remains a significant global health challenge, demanding accurate and effective diagnostic methods for timely treatment. Ultrasound imaging stands out as a valuable diagnostic tool for breast cancer due to its affordability, accessibility, and non-ionizing radiation properties.
Methods
We evaluate the proposed method using a publicly available breast ultrasound images. This paper introduces a novel approach to classifying breast ultrasound images based on segmentation and feature extraction algorithm. The proposed methodology involves several key steps. Firstly, breast ultrasound images undergo preprocessing to enhance image quality and eliminate potential noise. Subsequently, a U-Net + + is applied for the segmentation. A classification model is then trained and validated after extracting features by using Mobilenetv2 and Inceptionv3 of segmented images. This model utilizes modern machine learning and deep learning techniques to distinguish between malignant and benign breast masses. Classification performance is assessed using quantitative metrics, including recall, precision and accuracy. Our results demonstrate improved precision and consistency compared to classification approaches that do not incorporate segmentation and feature extraction. Feature extraction using InceptionV3 and MobileNetV2 showed high accuracy, with MobileNetV2 outperforming InceptionV3 across various classifiers.
Results
The ANN classifier, when used with MobileNetV2, demonstrated a significant increase in test accuracy (0.9658) compared to InceptionV3 (0.7280). In summary, our findings suggest that the integration of segmentation techniques and feature extraction has the potential to enhance classification algorithms for breast cancer ultrasound images.
Conclusion
This approach holds promise for supporting radiologists, enhancing diagnostic accuracy, and ultimately improving outcomes for breast cancer patients. In future our focus will be to use comprehensive datasets to validate our methodology.
RDscan: Extracting RNA-disease relationship from literature Using pre-training model
Authors: zhang yang , Yang Yu , Ren Liping , Ning Lin , Quan  , Luo Nanchao , Zhang Yinghui , Liu Ruijun 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
With the rapid advancements in molecular biology and genomics, a multitude of connections between RNA and diseases has been unveiled, making the efficient and accurate extraction of RNA-disease relationships (RD relationships) from extensive biomedical literature crucial for advancing research in this field. This study introduces RDscan, a novel text mining method developed based on the pre-training and fine-tuning strategy, aimed at automatically extracting RD-related information from a vast corpus of literature using pre-trained biomedical large language models. Initially, we constructed a dedicated RD corpus, comprising 2,082 positive and 2,000 negative statements, alongside an independent test dataset for training and evaluating RDscan. Subsequently, by fine-tuning the Bioformer and BioBERT pre-trained models, RDscan demonstrated exceptional performance in text classification and named entity recognition (NER) tasks. In 5-fold cross-validation, RDscan significantly outperformed traditional machine learning methods. In summary, RDscan represents the first text mining tool specifically designed for RD relationship extraction, and is freely available at https://github.com/ZhangCellab/RDScaning.