bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between quality of life, self-efficacy and social support in patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Gurbuz Ilkay Zeynep , Akin Semiha 
Published: December 2023

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) causes patients' perceptions of self-efficacy and social support to decline. Patients with MS have to change day-to-day activities and encounter various physical and psychosocial problems while adapting to the new lifestyle. Aims: The research aimed to define the quality of life, self-efficacy and social support in patients with MS and to determine the relationship between quality of life, perception of self-efficacy and perceived social support. It is descriptive and correlational research. Data were collected using surveys. Methods: The sample consisted of 116 patients with MS. Patients who applied at the neurology in-patient and outpatient clinics between March 2021 and September 2021 were assessed for inclusion criteria. Written and verbal consent was obtained. The patients read and answered the questionnaires. Their quality of life was assessed using the Functional Assessment of Multiple Sclerosis Scale (FAMS). Self-efficacy perception was measured using the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE), and social support was assessed using the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). Results: The study found that the other concerns, symptoms, thinking and fatigue were most negatively affected the quality of life subscales. Perception of self-efficacy was found to be moderate, while social support was high. Analyses revealed a positive correlation between MSPSS scores, FAMS scores and GSE scores (p<0.05). Conclusion: Health professionals need to provide education and counselling to manage MS-related symptoms, use therapeutic communication techniques to improve self-efficacy, give positive reinforcement and cooperate with families to increase social support.
The impact of comorbidities on mortality in patients with non-traumatic major lower extremity amputation
Authors: Yağız Betül Keskinkılıç , Göktuğ Ufuk Utku , Sapmaz Ali , Dinç Tolga , Budak Ali Baran , Terzioğlu Serdar Gökay 
Published: December 2023

Objective: Major lower limb amputation is generally associated with a high risk of early and late-term mortality. In this study, 30-day, one-year and three-year mortality of non-traumatic major lower extremity amputations and comorbidities affecting the mortality rate were investigated. Method: Patients who underwent a major lower limb amputation secondary to diabetes or peripheral artery disease between the years 2010–2015 were retrospectively evaluated. Additional to patient demographic data and comorbidities, amputation level, survival and mortality time were extracted. Mortality rates after 30 days, one year and three years were analysed. The associations of the survival to different parameters were evaluated with Kaplan–Meier analysis and log rank test, while the impact of the risk factors on mortality was evaluated with the Cox regression test. Results: A total of 193 patients were enrolled in the study. Approximately 60% of patients were aged ≥65 years, and 65.8% were male. Below-knee amputation was performed in 64.8% of patients and above-knee amputation in 35.2% of patients. The mean follow-up of patients was 29.48 months (range: 0–101 months). After non-traumatic major lower extremity amputation, 30-day, one-year and three-year mortality were 16.6%, 38.3% and 60.1%, respectively. On Cox regression analysis, age ≥65 years was the only variable that had significant impact on the 30-day mortality (hazard ratio (HR): 3.4; p=0.012), while age ≥65 years (HR: 2.5, p=0.000), diabetes (HR: 2, p=0.006) and renal failure (HR: 2, p=0.001) were found to have significant impacts on three-year mortality. Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that >50% of patients with non-traumatic major lower limb amputations died within three years. Advanced age, diabetes and renal failure were the risk factors that increased the mortality. The high mortality rates revealed the importance of employing all hard-to-heal wound treatment options before making an amputation decision. Further, prospective studies are needed to determine the effects of primary disease status and timing of amputation on mortality.
Prevalence, severity and associated risk factors of anemia among human immunodeficiency virus-infected adults in Sawla General Hospital, Southern Ethiopia: A facility-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Hadgu Rishan , Husen Ahmed , Milkiyas Esayas , Alemayoh Niguse , Zemoy Robel , Tesfaye Azene , Tadesse Dagimawie , Manilal Aseer , Alemayehu Aklilu 
Published: December 2023

Background
Anemia is a significant public health problem in HIV/AIDS patients worldwide. This study is aimed to determine the prevalence of anemia and its risk factors among HIV-infected adults in Sawla General Hospital, southern Ethiopia.

Methods
A facility-based cross-sectional study involving HIV-infected adults was conducted in ART clinic of Sawla General Hospital from April 01 to May 31, 2019. A systematic random sampling technique was employed to recruit the study participants. Socio-demographic and clinical data were collected using a structured questionnaire and checklist. Hemoglobin concentration from venous blood was determined by HemoCue® 301 analyzer. Descriptive and inferential statistics, by Statistical Package for Social Science version 26.0, were applied; p-values ≤ 0.05 in the multivariable logistic regression analysis were considered statistically significant.

Results
A total of 220 HIV-infected adults participated in this study. The prevalence of anemia was 38.6%, from which 90.6, 7.1, and 2.3% are mild, moderate, and severe anemia, respectively. Anemia among HIV-infected adults was significantly associated with CD4 cell count below 200 cells/mm3 (AOR: 4.32; 95% CI: 2.10–8.86), clinical stage III or above (AOR: 4.20; 95% CI: 1.06–16.62), five or more years duration of HIV infection (AOR: 2.32; 95% CI: 1.08–4.94) and BMI below 18.5 kg/m2 (AOR: 3.82; 95% CI: 1.83–8.00).

Conclusion
Anemia is a moderate public health problem among the study population. Longer duration of HIV infection, advanced clinical stage, lower CD4 cell count, and BMI are risk factors for anemia. Therefore, early ART enrolment for HIV-infected adults with nutritional support and rigorous monitoring of CD4 cell count are essential to lower the prevalence.
Potential Cost Savings in Medicare Part D Across Gastroenterology: An Assessment of Alternative Drug Sourcing
Authors: Bouvette Christopher A. , Bouvette Max , Yohannan Bryce , Rumman Amir , Ali Ijlal 
Published: December 2023

INTRODUCTION:
Until recently, the Centers of Medicare and Medicaid were restricted from negotiating drug cost. We assessed the potential impact of alternative drug sourcing models on Medicare Part D spending.

METHODS:
Twenty-seven drugs were extracted from 2021 Medicare Part D claims. Drug-specific/total spending was compared against cost at Mark Cuban Cost Plus Drugs Company, Costco Member Prescription Program, and Veterans Health Administration price point.

RESULTS:
Potential Part D savings were $798.99 million, $573.84 million, and $1.02 billion (Mark Cuban Cost Plus Drugs Company, Costco Member Prescription Program, and Veterans Health Administration, respectively).

DISCUSSION:
Disproportionate Part D spending likely reflects less competitive acquisition cost. Provider awareness of medications with advantaged price may promote targeted prescribing with potentially tremendous health care savings.
Consideration of Kv ion channels as firstorder systems
Authors: Lozanović Jasmina , Langthaler Sonja , Rienmüller Theresa Margarethe , Polz Mathias , Ziesel Daniel , Schröttner Jörg , Baumgartner Christian 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This paper discusses possibilities to explain which Kv channels can be considered as first-order systems. This means that the dynamic behavior of these channels can be described with a first-order differential equation and are the most straightforward dynamical systems. For example, a typical first-order system is an RC circuit, and analogously, Kv channels can be considered with the dynamic behavior of first-order systems following RC circuits. This work represents a family of KV channels that can be described as first-order systems, providing an efficient method of ion channel modeling in computational electrophysiology.
CloveBiotech: Complex structural variant calling for engineered microbial strains
Authors: Schusterbauer Veronika , Reinprecht Pierre , Thallinger Gerhard G. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This paper introduces CloveBiotech, an extension and optimization of CLOVE, which is designed to accurately classify complex structural variants (SVs) resulting from genetic modifications in the genomes of microbial strains. While CLOVE covers various complex SV types, it lacks support for large insertions, targeted vector integrations and substitutions of genes with a marker cassette. CloveBiotech addresses these limitations by modifying the algorithm to handle more diverse SV scenarios, including new fusion patterns. However, covering these scenarios demanded a major rewrite of multiple classes and functions. Performance evaluations on simulated data demonstrate its improved precision and recall rates of up to 0.92 and 0.96 respectively, across different sequencing parameters. With these enhancemanets, CloveBiotech provides a valuable tool for scientists working with genetically modified microorganisms, facilitating accurate SV detection and classification.
Критерии художественной критики в российских журналах «Серебряного века»
Authors: Грачева Светлана Михайловна 
Published: December 2023

Аннотация
Начало ХХ века – «Cеребряный век» русской культуры, новый подъем философии, науки, литературы, художественного творчества, живописи, скульптуры, архитектуры, театра, всех видов искусства. Художественная критика в это время обращена к явлениям культуры и искусства, преимущественно, современным самим критикам. Культурфеноменом стала ретроспективная критика, рассматривающая произведения прошлых эпох. Отличительными чертами критики этого периода являются эстетизм и пассеизм. Наряду с исследованием современного искусства критики занимались переоценкой истории искусства, выявляя новые имена, произведения и их особенности в искусстве прежних эпох. Ключевую роль в расцвете критики играли знаменитые литературно-художественные журналы «Искусство и художественная промышленность», «Мир искусства», «Весы», «Искусство», «Золотое руно», «Старые годы», «Аполлон» и другие издания, повлиявшие на развитие русской культуры в целом. Важно рассмотреть, какое место в них занимала художественная критика и как ее оценивали теоретики и историки искусства. В статье исследуются критерии анализа произведений искусства, основные концепции и теоретико-эстетические подходы художественной критики Серебряного века.
Bis(2-cyanoacetohydrazide) as precursors for synthesis of novel azoles/azines and their biological evaluation
Authors: Sophy Mohamed Ahmed Elian , Reheim Mohamed Ahmed Mahmoud Abdel 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The present work deals with the synthesis of 2-cyano-N′-(3-(2-(2-cyanoacetyl) hydrazinyl) cyclohex-2-en-1-ylidene) acetohydrazide 3 that used as a key precursor in the manufacture of new heterocyclic derivatives, such as pyrazole, pyrane, pyridine, and pyrole incorporating cyclohexene moiety via its reaction with a variety of nucleophilic and electrophilic reagents. The newly synthesized compounds were characterized by their elemental analyses (IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and Mass spectra) and assessed for their anti-microbial activity.
Strategy is Structure. A Systems Theory-Based Definition of Strategy
Authors: Kühl Stefan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Hardly any other management concept sounds as hackneyed as strategy, and at the same time hardly any other concept in organizational science is as vaguely defined. As a means of escaping the conceptual tangle, this article suggests a systems theory-based definition which allows us to sort out the various threads of the strategy discussion. Strategy, according to this interpretation, entails programs that search for the means to achieve previously defined goals. This makes it possible to systematically link classical notions of strategy to discussions concerning organizational theory. Casting the concept of strategy in terms of systems theory enables us to resolve the artificial contradiction between strategy and structure, clarify the relationship between end and means, determine the relationship between a plan and its practical implementation, relativize the importance of strategies, and explain the surprising limitation of the strategy discussion to businesses.
Amniotic fluid embolism: a reappraisal
Authors: Young Bruce K. , Florine Magdelijns Pascalle , Chervenak Judith L. , Chan Michael 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Using cases from our own experience and from the published literature on amniotic fluid embolism (AFE), we seek to improve on existing criteria for diagnosis and discern associated risk factors. Additionally, we propose a novel theory of pathophysiology.

Methods
This retrospective case review includes eight cases of AFE from two hospital systems and 21 from the published literature. All cases were evaluated using the modified criteria for research reporting of AFE by Clark et al. in Am J Obstet Gynecol, 2016;215:408–12 as well as our proposed criteria for diagnosis. Additional clinical and demographic characteristics potentially correlated with a risk of AFE were included and analyzed using descriptive analysis.

Results
The incidence of AFE was 2.9 per 100,000 births, with five maternal deaths in 29 cases (17.2 %) in our series. None of the cases met Clark’s criteria while all met our criteria. 62.1 % of patients were over the age of 32 years and two out of 29 women (6.9 %) conceived through in-vitro fertilization. 6.5 % of cases were complicated by fetal death. Placenta previa occurred in 13.8 %. 86.2 % of women had cesarean sections of which 52.0 % had no acute maternal indication.

Conclusions
Our criteria identify more patients with AFE than others with a low likelihood of false positives. Clinical and demographic associations in our review are consistent with those previously reported. A possible relationship between cesarean birth and risk of AFE was identified using our criteria. Additionally, we propose a new hypothesis of pathophysiology.
Opinion Events: Types and opinion markers in English social media discourse
Authors: Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk Barbara , Liebeskind Chaya , Bączkowska Anna , Ruzaite Jurate , Dylgjeri Ardita , Kazazi Ledia , Lombart Erika 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The paper investigates various definitions of the concept of opinion as opposed to factual or evidence-based statements and proposes a taxonomy of opinions expressed in English as identified in selected social media. A discussion situates opinions in the realm of pragmatics and reaches to philosophy of language and cognitive science. The research methodology combines a thorough linguistic analysis of opinions, proposing their multifaceted taxonomy with the automatically generated lexical embeddings of positive and negative lexicon acquired from the analysed opinionated texts. As proposed, the definition of the concept of opinion is best apprehended when looked upon in terms of an opinion event, with a number of necessary conditions on the one hand, and those that are characteristic of an explicit opinion prototype on the other. Lists of opinion discourse markers show their preferential uses either in positive or negative opinionated texts; however, no sets of necessary and/or sufficient opinion markers properties have been acquired from the analysed texts. The conclusions indicate a polysemous understanding of naturally occurring social media opinionated texts and a definitional flexibility of the boundaries around lexical positive and negative types of opinion markers.
Additive Manufacturing of Metals—Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation—Defect Detection in Parts
Authors:   ASTM International
Published: December 2023

Description
In response to the urgent need to develop standards for additive manufacturing (AM), this technical report initially specifies the nondestructive testing (NDT) methods that have the potential to detect defects and determine residual strain distribution that are generated in AM processes. A number of these methods have been verified. The strategy adopted was to review existing NDT standards for mature manufacturing processes that are similar to AM, namely, casting and welding. This potentially reduced the number of standards required to comprehensively cover AM defects. For identified AM unique defects, this technical report proposes a two-level NDT approach: a star artifact as an initial quality indicator (IQI) and an à la carte artifact for which an example shows the specific steps to follow for the specific AM part to be built, paving the way for a structured and comprehensive framework.
The Duty of National Administrative Authorities to Respect the EU’s Fundamental Rights in Fining Proceedings and the Consequences Thereof
Authors: Miąsik Dawid , Kapica Kamil 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Fines levied on individuals, including entrepreneurs, are measures of vital importance for securing the effectiveness of EU law. They are primarily imposed by national administrative authorities who apply national laws. Those authorities must respect the EU’s fundamental rights during national fining proceedings following the Fransson and Pfleger formulas. They must also respect the general principles of EU law. These rights and principles shield individual entrepreneurs against arbitrary and unlawful activities by national authorities. They determine whether an individual can be fined, how high a fine is legitimate and how the fining proceedings should be conducted.
DAC7 Directive 2021/514/EU: Review of Some Solutions in the Context of the Fundamental Rights of Entrepreneurs
Authors: Zapolska Karolina 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This article presents selected provisions of EU Council Directive 2021/514 of 22 March 2021 amending Directive 2011/16/EU on administrative cooperation in the field of taxation, known as the DAC7 Directive. On 8 February 2023 a draft law amending the Act on the exchange of tax information with other countries and certain other acts was published by the Polish government. The draft law implements the provisions of the DAC7 Directive. The author attempts to make a concise description of the provisions of the DAC7 Directive, with particular emphasis on the new obligations of entrepreneurs in this respect. The issue of respecting the fundamental rights of entrepreneurs, especially in the context of the freedom to conduct business activity, is also discussed. At the same time, the author points to possible problems that the Polish legislature may encounter when transposing or implementing documents of such content to the Polish legal system. The study of the outlined problems is mainly based on the comparative, dogmatic and legal methods. Considering the range of issues discussed in the article, as well as the need to limit the work, it should be noted that the text will not be comprehensive and only highlights some selected problems.
Sped-Pro: The Impact of Rule-of-Law Backsliding on the Enforcement of (EU) Competition Law
Authors: Cseres Kati , Hwija Karolina 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The Sped-Pro judgment concerns an action for annulment of an EU Commission decision rejecting a complaint alleging the abuse of a dominant position by the Polish state-owned railway company PKP Cargo. In this judgment, the General Court for the first time established a direct link between systematic deficiencies in the legal order of a Member State and the ability of its competition authority to investigate and take enforcement action under EU law. The General Court addressed issues of the rule of law as an element of effective competition law enforcement and the case allocation principles between the Commission and National Competition Authorities (NCAs) under the decentralised enforcement system of Regulation 1/2003. The General Court now requires the Commission to examine, when handling complaints, whether an NCA can actually enforce EU law effectively.
The Investigative Powers of the President of the Office of Competition and Consumer Protection and Directive (EU) 2019/1 of the European Parliament and of the Council: Selected Issues
Authors: Korycińska-Rządca Paulina 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Directive (EU) 2019/1 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2018, to empower the competition authorities of the Member States to be more effective enforcers and to ensure the proper functioning of the internal market, obliges Member States to harmonize the law governing, amongst others, the powers of national competition authorities, including investigative powers. The Act aimed at the transposition of this directive was passed in Poland with a significant delay. This article analyses the provisions of the Act of 16 February 2007 on competition and consumer protection, in force on 4 February 2021 (the deadline for the transposition of Directive 2019/1), regulating the investigative powers of the president of the Office of Competition and Consumer Protection (UOKiK), and the changes in the relevant scope adopted by the Act of 9 March 2023 amending the Act on competition and consumer protection and some other acts. The research problem includes determining whether the regulations that were in force between 4 February 2021 and 20 May 2023 governing the investigative powers of the UOKiK president, in connection with proceedings for infringement of the prohibition of competition-restricting practices, were in line with the requirements of Directive 2019/1 and whether the abovementioned amendment act removed any existing discrepancies.
The Internal Reporting Procedure for Breaches of Law and the Protection of the Entrepreneur’s Interest
Authors: Szabłowska-Juckiewicz Marzena , Giedrewicz-Niewińska Aneta 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Directive 2019/1937 comprehensively regulates the issue of reporting violations of the law and the protection of persons making such a report. The EU legislation formulates obligations regarding the establishment of channels and procedures for making internal reports, setting the framework for such a procedure and leaving it to national legislatures to specify it. The Polish legislature took action in this regard by preparing the draft Act of 5 January 2023 on the protection of persons reporting violations of the law. Due to the sensitivity of the matter, the implementation of formal mechanisms for reporting irregularities in the workplace is undoubtedly associated with many challenges. Most often in this context, challenges related to ensuring sufficient whistleblower protection are mentioned. Meanwhile, it also seems necessary when implementing such procedures to notice the challenge of the protection of entrepreneurs’ interests. A number of solutions included in the Polish draft act raise doubts and objections as to the correct implementation of the EU directive.