bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developing integration in a local industrial ecosystem – an explorative approach
Authors: Wolf Anna , Eklund Mats , Söderström Mats 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe objective of this study is to develop and evaluate an approach for initiating development of a local industrial symbiosis network. By maintaining the broad perspective of industrial symbiosis, which includes both material and energy flow analysis, and also taking into account the internal energy use and possibilities for energy savings, we aim to achieve a better system view that avoids both sub‐optimizations and unhealthy dependencies. The approach is applied to a case based on the cooperation between the forest industry, municipality and energy service company in a small town in southern Sweden. Several possibilities for improving material and energy use by increasing integration were identified. It was concluded that it is important to have a genuine knowledge of the system studied and close contact with the actors involved, since a simple analysis of energy and material flows is not sufficient to decide which solutions might be more advantageous. It is also important to have a flexible system boundary looking at the system from different perspectives and at different levels to find the best uses for existing energy and material streams. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Structure of the Antimicrobial, Cationic Hexapeptide Cyclo(RRWWRF) and Its Analogues in Solution and Bound to Detergent Micelles
Authors: Appelt Christian , Wessolowski Axel , Söderhäll J. Arvid , Dathe Margitta , Schmieder Peter 
Published: August 2005

AbstractAntimicrobial, cationic peptides are abundant throughout nature as part of many organisms' defence against microorganisms. They exhibit a large variety of sequences and structural motifs and are thought to act by rupturing the bacterial membrane. Several models based on biophysical experiments have been proposed for their mechanism of action. Here we present the NMR‐determined structure of the cyclic, cationic antimicrobial peptide cyclo(RRWWRF) both free in aqueous solution and bound to detergent micelles. The peptide has a rather flexible but ordered structure in water. A distinct structure is formed when the peptide is bound to a detergent micelle. The structures in neutral and negatively charged micelles are nearly identical but differ from that in aqueous solution. The orientation of the amino acid side chains creates an amphipathic molecule with the peptide backbone forming the hydrophilic part. The orientation of the peptide in the micelle was determined by using NOEs and paramagnetic agents. The peptide is oriented mainly parallel to the micelle surface in both detergents. Substitution of the arginine and tryptophan residues is known to influence the antimicrobial activity. Therefore the structure of the micelle‐bound analogues cyclo(RRYYRF), cyclo(KKWWKF) and cyclo(RRNalNalRF) were also determined. They exhibit remarkable similarities in backbone conformation and side‐chain orientation. The structure of these peptides allows the side‐chain properties to be correlated to biological activity.
Selective Transport of Bismuth Ions through Supported Liquid Membrane
Authors: Madaeni S. S. , Zand H. R. K. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA new supported liquid membrane (SLM) system was prepared for the selective transport of bismuth ions from the aqueous feed into the aqueous permeate phase. The support of the SLM was a thin porous polypropylene or polyvinylidene fluoride membrane impregnated with diisooctyldithiophosphinic acid (Cyanex 301) as mobile carrier in 4‐chloroacetophenon as organic solvent. Cyanex 301 acts as a highly selective carrier for the uphill transport of bismuth ions through the SLM. In the presence of HNO3 as a metal ion acceptor in the strip solution, the transport of bismuth ions into the strip side reached 70 % of the initial feed concentration after 3.5 hours. The selectivity and efficiency of bismuth transport from aqueous solutions containing different mixtures of cations were investigated. In the presence of P2O72– ions as suitable masking agent in the feed solution, the interfering effects of other cations were completely eliminated. The selective transport of bismuth through SLM is superior to liquid‐liquid extraction or through bulk liquid membranes. This is due to the high efficiency. The SLM reduces the solvent requirements, combines extraction and stripping operations in a single process and allows the use of highly selective extractants. The system may be applied to samples containing very low bismuth concentrations.
Visualization of the Drop Deformation and Break‐Up Process in a High Pressure Homogenizer
Authors: Innings F. , Trägårdh C. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFor the creation of sub‐micron emulsions in fluids of low viscosity the high pressure homogenizer (HPH) is usually chosen. One way of obtaining deeper knowledge of exactly what happens in the active region is to visualize it. In this work, a drop deformation and break‐up visualization system based on a modified Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) system is described. The system reproduces the gap in a HPH and has been used with pressures up to 18 MPa and drops as small as 5 μm. The optics of the system are analyzed taking into account limiting factors such as the lens resolving power, the focal depth, and the duration of the laser pulses. It is shown that it is possible to resolve drops down to a few μm moving in excess of 100 m/s, and that the main limitations are the resolving power and in the focal depth of the objectives. Examples are shown from capillary drop creation and from the deformation and break‐up of drops in a HPH. It can be concluded that in a HPH, the drops are only deformed to a limited extent in the inlet of the gap, and that all drop break‐up occurs far downstream of the gap.
Combinatorial Synthesis of an Oligosaccharide Library by Using β‐Bromoglycoside‐Mediated Iterative Glycosylation of Selenoglycosides: Rapid Expansion of Molecular Diversity with Simple Building Blocks
Authors: Yamago Shigeru , Yamada Takeshi , Ito Hiroki , Hara Osamu , Mino Yosuke , Yoshida Jun‐ichi 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA new method for constructing an oligosaccharide library composed of structurally defined oligosaccharides is presented based on an iterative glycosylation of selenoglycosides. Treatment of 2‐acyl‐protected selenoglycosides with bromine selectively generates β‐bromoglycosides, which serve as glycosyl cation equivalents in the oligosaccharide synthesis. Thus, the coupling of the bromoglycosides with another selenoglycoside affords the corresponding glycosylated selenoglycosides, which can be directly used to next glycosylation. The iteration of this sequence allows the synthesis of a variety of oligosaccharides including an elicitor active heptasaccharide. A characteristic feature of the iterative glycosylation is that glycosyl donors and acceptors with the same anomeric reactivity can be selectively coupled by activation of the glycosyl donor prior to coupling with the glycosyl acceptor. Therefore, same selenoglycosides can be used for both the glycosyl donors and the acceptors. This feature has been exemplified by a construction of an oligosaccharide library directed to elicitor‐active oligosaccharides. The library composed of stereochemically defined oligoglucosides with considerable structural diversity can be constructed starting from simple selenoglycosides.
Solution Structure of Quinoline‐ and Pyridine‐Derived Oligoamide Foldamers
Authors: Dolain Christel , Grélard Axelle , Laguerre Michel , Jiang Hua , Maurizot Victor , Huc Ivan 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe unambiguous elucidation of a new folded structure in solution may prove to be a very challenging task. The NMR protocols developed for solving the solution structures of α‐peptides have been applied to aliphatic β‐ and γ‐peptides but are not directly applicable to aromatic oligomers. In particular, the string of spin systems in an aromatic sequence cannot be reconstituted solely from correlations between protons. For aromatic oligomers, it is shown that the assignment of a large part of the 13C NMR spectrum through HMBC and HSQC experiments allows to unambiguously assign proton NMR spectra and in turn to interpret NOE correlations. This has been implemented both with quinoline‐ and pyridine‐derived oligoamide foldamers, and should be applicable to a wide range of oligomers including various combinations of monomers. The NOE correlations allow the unambiguous solution structure elucidation of helical conformations of oligoamides derived from pyridine and quinoline monomers showing that, in these series, the solution structures correspond very well to the structures observed in the solid state.
Enhanced Current Transport at Grain Boundaries in High‐Tc Superconductors.
Authors: Klie R. F. , Buban J. P. , Varela M. , Franceschetti A. , Jooss C. , Zhu Y. , Browning N. D. , Pantelides S. T. , Pennycook S. J. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Exploratory Synthesis in Molten Salts: Role of Flux Basicity in the Stabilization of the Complex Thiogermanates Cs4Pb4Ge5S16, K2PbGe2S6, and K4Sn3Ge3S14.
Authors: Palchik Oleg , Marking Gregory M. , Kanatzidis Mercouri G. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The predictive value of CD8, CD4, CD68, and human leukocyte antigen‐D‐related cells in the prognosis of cutaneous malignant melanoma with vertical growth phase
Authors: Piras Franca , Colombari Romano , Minerba Luigi , Murtas Daniela , Floris Carlo , Maxia Cristina , Corbu Arianna , Perra M. Teresa , Sirigu Paola 
Published: August 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDTo establish the prognostic value of immune system cells that infiltrate melanoma, the authors evaluated the distribution and density of T lymphocyte subsets, macrophages, and dendritic cells in samples of primary cutaneous melanoma from 47 patients with Stage I and II melanoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system.METHODSImmunohistochemical demonstrations of CD8 and CD4 lymphocytes, CD68 macrophages, human leukocyte antigen‐D‐related (HLA‐DR) cells, S‐100 protein, and melanoma‐associated antigens Melan A and HMB‐45 were performed. The results were derived from independent histopathologic reviews by two pathologists. The low‐density, moderate‐density, and high‐density groups of cells that infiltrated the base of the tumor during the vertical growth phase were compared with the overall survival rate using the Kaplan–Meier method and the log‐rank test. Clinical variables (gender, age, tumor location, Clark level, vascular/lymphatic invasion, and thickness) also were analyzed.RESULTSThe CD8 lymphocytes exhibited independent statistically positive significance in survival (log‐rank test, 8.49; P = 0.01) between patients in different lymphocyte density groups. There was a difference in 5‐year survival among patients in the high‐density group (78.8%), the moderate‐density group (44.4%), and the low‐density group (25.0%). The CD4 lymphocytes, which were less numerous than CD8 cells, had similar distribution. There also was a correlation of HLA‐DR cells with overall survival (log‐rank test, 5.29; P = 0.02). CD68 cell density was not found to be correlated with survival.CONCLUSIONSThe presence and number of infiltrating CD8 lymphocytes as well as the overall occurrence of HLA‐DR cells may be considered independent, favorable prognostic factors in melanoma. The current results may be important for identifying other prognostic factors with which to evaluate disease progression and develop immune therapies for patients with melanoma. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
AMN107, a novel aminopyrimidine inhibitor of p190 Bcr‐Abl activation and of in vitro proliferation of Philadelphia‐positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells
Authors: Verstovsek Srdan , Golemovic Mirna , Kantarjian Hagop , Manshouri Tashi , Estrov Zeev , Manley Paul , Sun Tong , Arlinghaus Ralph B. , Alland Leila , Dugan Margaret , Cortes Jorge , Giles Francis , Beran Miloslav 
Published: August 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDPrevious studies have shown that patients with Bcr‐Abl–positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) either have primary disease that is refractory to imatinib mesylate or develop disease recurrence after an initial response.METHODSThe authors investigated the effects of a newly designed Bcr‐Abl inhibitor, AMN107, by comparing its in vitro inhibitory potency on p190 Bcr‐Abl ALL cell lines with that of imatinib.RESULTSIn two Philadelphia (Ph)‐positive ALL cell lines, AMN107 was found to be 30–40 times more potent than imatinib in inhibiting cellular proliferation. AMN107 was also more effective than imatinib in inhibiting phosphorylation of p190 Bcr‐Abl tyrosine kinase in cell lines and primary ALL cells. The inhibition of cellular proliferation was associated with the induction of apoptosis in only one of the cell lines. No activity was observed in cell lines lacking the BCR‐ABL genotype.CONCLUSIONSThe results of the current study suggest the superior potency of AMN107 compared with imatinib in Ph‐positive ALL and support clinical trials of AMN107 in patients with Ph‐positive ALL. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Treatment decision‐making strategies and influences in patients with localized prostate carcinoma
Authors: Gwede Clement K. , Pow‐Sang Julio , Seigne John , Heysek Randy , Helal Mohamed , Shade Kristin , Cantor Alan , Jacobsen Paul B. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDPatients diagnosed with localized prostate carcinoma need to interpret complicated medical information to make an informed treatment selection from among treatments that have comparable efficacy but differing side effects. The authors reported initial results for treatment decision‐making strategies among men receiving definitive treatment for localized prostate carcinoma.METHODSOne hundred nineteen men treated with radical prostatectomy (44%) or brachytherapy (56%) consented to participate. Guided by a cognitive‐affective theoretic framework, the authors assessed differences in decision‐making strategies, and treatment and disease‐relevant beliefs and affects, in addition to demographic and clinical variables.RESULTSApproximately half of patients reported difficulty (49%) and distress (45%) while making treatment decisions, but no regrets (74%) regarding the treatment choice they made. Patients who underwent prostatectomy were younger, were more likely to be employed, had worse tumor grade, and had a shorter time since diagnosis (P < 0.01) compared with patients who did not undergo prostatectomy. In multivariate analyses, compared with patients who received radical prostatectomy, patients who received brachytherapy were more likely to say that they chose this treatment because it was “the least invasive” and they “wanted to avoid surgery” (P < 0.0001).CONCLUSIONSIn general, patients who received brachytherapy chose this treatment because of quality of life considerations, whereas “cure” and complete removal of the tumor were the main motivations for patients selecting radical prostatectomy. Long‐term data are needed to evaluate distress and decisional regret as patients experience treatment‐related chronic side effects and efficacy outcomes. Decision‐making aids or other interventions to reduce decisional difficulty and emotional distress during decision making were indicated. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Multiple survival signals are delivered by dendritic cells to naive CD4+ T cells
Authors: Feuillet Vincent , Lucas Bruno , Di Santo James P. , Bismuth Georges , Trautmann Alain 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe molecular mechanisms by which dendritic cells (DC) favor naive T cell survival in mice have been examined in co‐cultures of DC and naive CD4+ T cells. Naive T cells can survive in the presence of IL‐4 or IL‐7, but DC‐induced T cell survival requires direct cell‐cell interactions and does not seem to be mediated by these or other soluble factors. Classical MHC II molecules on DC are not necessary for T cell survival as long as hybrid AαEβ MHC class II molecules are present. In the total absence of MHC II molecules on DC, T cell survival is reduced by half, and CD3ζ phosphorylation fully disappears. These results contrast with the classical view that naive T cell survival is associated with CD3ζ phosphorylation and depends mostly on IL‐7 and MHC‐TCR interactions. We demonstrate that DC‐induced T cell survival is a multi‐factorial process that also involves CD28, LFA‐1 and another (as yet undefined) surface molecule that requires the activity of src (but not phosphatidylinositol‐3‐) kinase.
Retracted and replaced: A flow‐condition‐based interpolation finite element procedure for triangular grids
Authors: Kohno Haruhiko , Bathe Klaus‐Jürgen 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA flow‐condition‐based interpolation finite element scheme is presented for use of triangular grids in the solution of the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations. The method provides spatially isotropic discretizations for low and high Reynolds number flows. Various example solutions are given to illustrate the capabilities of the procedure. This article and been retracted and replaced. See retraction and replacement notice DOI: 10.1002/fld.1247. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Excitation of shear layer instability in flow past a cylinder at low Reynolds number
Authors: Mittal S. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe instability of the separated shear layer for flow past a cylinder, in two dimensions, is investigated for low Reynolds numbers (Re ⩽ 350). The line of symmetry, downstream of the cylinder, in the wake is forced to be a streamline. This hypothetical situation allows slip of velocity along the wake centreline but prevents any flow normal to it. With this arrangement the flow is completely stable for Re ⩽ 250. It suppresses the primary instability of the wake that is responsible for the von Karman vortex shedding. Unlike the conventional splitter plate such an arrangement does not have a wake of its own. At Re = 300 and above the wake instability and the shear layer instability are observed. The fluctuations due to the instabilities are intermittent in nature. The shear layer frequency is smaller than the frequency of the von Karman vortex shedding for the regular flow past a cylinder. It is also found that flow past half a cylinder, with symmetry conditions at the wake centreline, at Re = 300 is stable. However, when a secondary cylinder with one‐fifth the diameter of the half‐cylinder is placed close to it, the vortex shedding from the smaller cylinder again leads to instability of the separated shear layer of the half‐cylinder. This suggests that although the separated shear layer is stable, at such low Re, the shear layer instability can be excited by some other disturbances. It is found that even at such low Re, the normalized shear layer frequency follows the Re0.67 power law. All the computations have been carried out using a stabilized finite element formulation. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Long‐term sales forecasting using holt–winters and neural network methods
Authors: Kotsialos Apostolos , Papageorgiou Markos , Poulimenos Antonios 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe problem of medium to long‐term sales forecasting raises a number of requirements that must be suitably addressed in the design of the employed forecasting methods. These include long forecasting horizons (up to 52 periods ahead), a high number of quantities to be forecasted, which limits the possibility of human intervention, frequent introduction of new articles (for which no past sales are available for parameter calibration) and withdrawal of running articles. The problem has been tackled by use of a damped‐trend Holt–Winters method as well as feedforward multilayer neural networks (FMNNs) applied to sales data from two German companies. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
BCL6 alternative translocation breakpoint cluster region associated with follicular lymphoma grade 3B
Authors: Bosga‐Bouwer Anneke G. , Haralambieva Eugenia , Booman Marije , Boonstra Ronald , van den Berg Anke , Schuuring Ed , van den Berg Eva , Kluin Philip , Poppema Sibrand 
Published: August 2005

AbstractTranslocations involving band 3q27, affecting the major breakpoint region (MBR) of BCL6, are common in diffuse large B‐cell lymphomas (DLBCLs). Recent data suggest an alternative breakpoint cluster region (ABR) located between 245 and 285 kb 5′ of BCL6, which might be associated with Follicular Lymphoma (FL). Ten DLBCLs and 9 FLs grade 3B with cytogenetic rearrangements at 3q27 were studied by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to discriminate between breakpoints at the ABR and MBR. Eight DLBCLs contained a breakpoint in the MBR, and 6 FL grade 3B (FL3B) cases contained a breakpoint in the ABR. No specific chromosomal partners could be identified in both groups. Previously published data have suggested that FL3B cases with 3q27 aberrations are closely related to the majority of DLBCLs of germinal center cell origin. However, our findings suggest that the mechanism of 3q27 rearrangement in FL3B cases is similar to the mechanism in follicular lymphomas grade 1,2, and 3A cases. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The human Y chromosome suppresses the tumorigenicity of PC‐3, a human prostate cancer cell line, in athymic nude mice
Authors: Vijayakumar Sapna , Garcia Dawn , Hensel Chuck H. , Banerjee Mohua , Bracht Todd , Xiang RuiHua , Kagan Jacob , Naylor Susan L. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe loss of the Y chromosome is a frequent numerical chromosomal abnormality observed in human prostate cancer. In cancer, loss of specific genetic material frequently accompanies simultaneous inactivation of tumor suppressor genes. It is not known whether the Y chromosome harbors such genes. To address the role of genes on the Y chromosome in human prostate cancer, we transferred a tagged Y chromosome into PC‐3, a human prostate cancer cell line lacking a Y chromosome. A human Y chromosome was tagged with the hisD gene and transferred to PC‐3 by microcell‐mediated chromosome transfer. Tumorigenicity of these PC‐3 hybrids was tested in vivo and in vitro, and the results were compared with those of the polymerase chain reaction analyses conducted on the PC‐3 hybrids using Y chromosome‐specific markers. Among 60 mice injected with 12 different PC‐3 hybrids (five mice per hybrid), tumor growth was apparent in only one mouse, whereas tumors grew in all mice injected with the parental PC‐3 cells. An in vitro assay showed that the Y chromosome did not suppress anchorage‐independent growth of PC‐3 cells. We found that addition of the Y chromosome suppressed tumor formation by PC‐3 in athymic nude mice, and that this block of tumorigenesis was independent of the in vitro growth properties of the cells. This observation suggests the presence of a gene important for prostate tumorigenesis on the Y chromosome. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.