bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ATM Expression and Activation in Ataxia Telangiectasia Patients with and without Class Switch Recombination Defects
Authors: Salami Fereshte , Shad Tannaz Moeini , Fathi Nazanin , Mojtahedi Hanieh , Esmaeili Marzie , Shahkarami Sepideh , Afrakoti Ladan Gol Mohammad Pour , Amirifar Parisa , Delavari Samaneh , Nosrati Hassan , Razavi Azadehsadat , Ranjouri Mohammad Reza , Yousefpour Mahsa , Esfahani Zahra Hamidi , Azizi Gholamreza , Ashrafi Mahmoudreza , Rezaei Nima , Yazdani Reza , Abolhassani Hassan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase plays a critical role in DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair. Ataxia telangiectasia (A-T) patients exhibit abnormalities in immunoglobulin isotype expression and class switch recombination (CSR). This study investigates the role of residual ATM kinase expression and activity in the severity of A-T disease.

Methods
A-T patients with defined genetic diagnoses were classified based on CSR and based on the severity of their medical complications. Isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from any patient were evaluated before and after exposure to 0.5 Gy ionizing radiation for one minute. Western blotting was performed to identify the expression of ATM and phosphorylated ATM (p-ATM) proteins compared to age-sex-matched healthy controls.

Results
In severe A-T patients (n = 6), the majority (66.7%) had frameshift mutations, while 33.3% had nonsense mutations in the ATM gene. The mild group (n = 3) had two cases of splice errors and one missense mutation. All patients with CSR defect had elevated IgM serum levels, whereas all switched immunoglobulins were reduced in them. Expression of ATM and p-ATM proteins was significantly lower (p = 0.01) in all patients compared to healthy controls, both pre-and post- and post-radiation. Additionally, low ATM and p-ATM protein expression levels were linked with the clinical severity of patients but were not correlated with CSR defects.

Conclusion
Expression and activation of ATM protein were defective in A-T patients compared to healthy controls. Altered expression of ATM and p-ATM proteins may have potential clinical implications for prognostic evaluation and symptom severity assessment in individuals with A-T.
Gene Silencing of Olfactory Receptor Coreceptor by Systemic RNA Interference in Callosobruchus maculatus
Authors: Shimomura Kenji , Sakita Keito , Terajima Takehito , Tomizawa Motohiro 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Seed beetles are pernicious pests of leguminous seeds and are distributed globally. They cause great economic losses, particularly in developing countries. Of this genus, the cowpea weevil (Callosobruchus maculatus) is the most destructive and common species of this beetle. However, there are no effective and sustainable control strategies available for this species. Nevertheless, sustainable pest management strategies using sex pheromone compounds have been proposed, as C. maculatus uses species-specific sex pheromone signals for pre-mating isolation. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the attractive capacity of male C. maculatus after RNA interference (RNAi)-based gene knockdown of olfactory receptor coreceptor (Cmac\Orco). The RNAi effect showed more than 90% reduction in transcripts, and a behavioral bioassay using a Y-tube olfactometer indicated that knocking down males impaired sexual attraction toward females, which would be a useful tool for further screening of target molecules for odorant chemical communication.
Structure-Function Analysis of Volatile (Z)-3-Fatty Alcohols in Tomato
Authors: Fisher Kirsten , Negi Harshita , Cole Owen , Tomlin Fallon , Wang Qian , Stratmann Johannes W. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Plants emit green leaf volatiles (GLVs) in response to biotic and abiotic stress. Receiver plants perceive GLVs as alarm cues resulting in activation of defensive or protective mechanisms. While this is well documented, it is not known how GLVs are perceived by receiver cells and what the structural determinants are for GLV activity. We tested whether the carbon chain length in (Z)-3-fatty alcohols with four to nine carbons and the double bonds in six-carbon alcohols contribute to bioactivity. In Solanum peruvianum suspension-cultured cells we found that (Z)-3-fatty alcohols, except (Z)-3-butenol, induce medium alkalinization and MAP kinase phosphorylation, two signaling responses often tied to the perception of molecular patterns that function in plant immunity and resistance to herbivores. In tomato (S. lycopersicum) seedlings, we found that (Z)-3-fatty alcohols induce inhibition of root growth. In both signaling and physiological responses, (Z)-3-octenol and (Z)-3-nonenol had a higher bioactivity than (Z)-3-heptenol and (Z)-3-hexenol, with (Z)-3-butenol only being active in root growth assays. Bioactivity correlated not only with chain length but also with lipophilicity of the fatty alcohols. The natural GLVs (E)-2-hexenol and the saturated 1-hexanol exhibited a higher bioactivity in pH assays than (Z)-3-hexenol, indicating that the presence and position of a double bond also contributes to bioactivity. Our results indicate that perceiving mechanisms for (Z)-3-fatty alcohols show a preference for longer chain fatty alcohols or that longer chain fatty alcohols are more accessible to receptors.
Optimizing Magnetic, Mechanical, and Electrical Properties of Cobalt-Substituted Zinc Chromite Spinel via Microwave-Hydrothermal Synthesis
Authors: Hessien M. A. , Khattab R. M. , Sadek H. E. H. , Abo-Almaged H. H. , Taha M. A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Using the microwave-hydrothermal technique, researchers synthesized a cobalt-substituted zinc chromite spinel structure with the formula Zn1 − xCoxCr2O4 (x = 0.0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.0). The resulting powder underwent analysis via X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) to determine the ideal conditions for eliminating organic components from the fired pellet. After establishing the optimal initial calcination temperature, all powder samples were calcined at 600 °C, then compressed and fired at 1300, 1400, 1500, and 1600 °C. The fired pellets were then examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Additionally, researchers evaluated the pellets’ physical, electrical, dielectric, magnetic, and mechanical properties. The findings indicated that 1600 °C was the optimal firing temperature for the pellets. The apparent porosity decreased, and the bulk density increased with increasing Co content and firing temperature. Enhancements in magnetization, mechanical, and electrical conductivity, dielectric properties, and elastic moduli were observed by increasing the cobalt content. Porosity has a significant impact on mechanical properties. The mechanical properties were slightly reduced for zinc-rich pellets. The dielectric constant and the dielectric loss increased with increasing Co content at 1 MHz. In addition, the results show that the dielectric constant and dielectric loss factor decreased with increasing frequency, whereas the A.C. electrical conductivity increased with increasing frequency.
The Role of Community Organisation, Religion, Spirituality and Cultural Beliefs on Diabetes Social Support and Self-Management in Sub-Saharan Africa: Integrative Literature Review
Authors: Molla Israel Bekele , Hagger Virginia , Rothmann Mette Juel , Rasmussen Bodil 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
To examine the evidence for the role of community organisations, religion, spirituality, cultural beliefs, and social support in diabetes self-management, we undertook an integrative literature review utilising MEDLINE, APA PsycINFO, CINAHL, and grey literature databases. The selected articles were appraised for quality, and the extracted data were analysed thematically. The search yielded 1586 articles, and after eliminating duplicates, 1434 titles and abstracts were screened, followed by a full-text review of 103 articles. Ultimately, 47 articles met the inclusion criteria for the review, utilising various study designs, including qualitative, quantitative, mixed-methods, and nonrandomised clinical trials. These findings indicate that spirituality and religiosity can positively affect diabetes self-management by providing motivation, coping skills, social support, and guidance for healthy behaviours. A strong social support system enhances diabetes self-management and glycaemic control for individuals with diabetes. However, some aspects of religion and culture, such as beliefs about medications, may also pose challenges or barriers to diabetes self-management. Adherence to medication, food choices, physical activity, and the use of complementary or alternative medicine can be influenced by sociocultural factors. Additionally, cultural beliefs and social norms influence understanding diabetes aetiology, management, and symptom reactions. The findings highlight that it is crucial to understand the cultural, religious, or spiritual influences that can either assist or impede self-management habits in individuals with diabetes and could inform interventions that support personalised and effective care.
Prediction of the shift of the distribution of Pinus brutia Ten. Under future climate model
Authors: Arslan E. Seda , Örücü Ömer K. , Gülcü Süleyman , Dirlik Samet , Hoşgör Ecem 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study uses presence data and bioclimatic variables to predict distribution areas of the Pinus brutia Ten., the pine species with the most significant natural distribution in Turkey. The modeling was performed using the SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios based on the HadGEM3-GC31-LL model, both current and future distributions. In addition, change analysis was conducted to determine the changes that will occur over the years in the potential distribution areas of the species. In addition to bioclimatic variables, the model incorporated elevation, NDVI, human footprint, slope, and aspect as environmental layers. The model’s performance was evaluated to determine its effectiveness, and the values in the area under the curve (AUC) from the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) were analyzed. A Jackknife test was conducted to assess the contribution of each variable included in the study to the model’s performance. The study found that, the SSP2-4.5 scenario shows a slight increase in suitable areas over time, with “not suitable > suitable” regions increasing from 8.91 to 9.11%, while the SSP5-8.5 scenario indicates a net gain of suitable areas by 1.07% despite a 1.94% increase in unsuitable areas from 2081 to 2100. Consequently, Red Pine might experience less competition and have better expansion opportunities.
First Record and Identification of a Microsporidian Pathogen, Nosema Maddoxi in the Population of Brown Marmorated Stink Bug Halyomorpha Halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in Türkiye
Authors: Eker Samet , Yaman Mustafa , Ertürk Ömer , Güvendik Tuğba Sağlam , Algı Gönül 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose
The brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), is an invasive and a highly polyphagous species with a strong dispersal capacity. Unfortunately, there is currently no effective control method that can prevent or reduce the economic loss caused by this pest. Among natural enemies, microsporidia cause infections in insects so that they can generally shorten life span, reduce fertility and inhibit growth.

Methods
Current study involved field study, light and electron microscopy and molecular phylogenic analyses of a microsporidian pathogen in the populations of H. halys in Türkiye.

Results
The microsporidian infection were mostly observed in malpighian tubules and fatty tissue filled with high spore density. Fresh uninucleate spores are oval, measued as 3.73 × 2.01 µm in dimensions. The mature spore wall is relatively thick and measures 75–85 nm and consists of a clear endospore (40–50 nm) and an electron-dense, uniform, thin exospore (25–30 nm). The polar filament is isofilar, 85–110 mm in diameter and has 7–8 coils. It is found to be most closely related to Nosema maddoxi isolate Mn.6 isolated from H. halys in Georgia in phylogenetic tree.

Conclusion
The spore morphology and structural features of the isolate from H. halys identify it as Nosema maddoxi. The phylogenetic analyses confirm both light and electron microscopic observations. This is the first microsporidian record from H. halys and also from the order Hemiptera in Türkiye. It is also confirmed that the invasive pest, H. halys carries its natural pathogen, N. maddoxi to new geographical locations during its distribution.
Impact of Experimental Congenital Toxoplasmosis on the Thyroid Gland: Histopathological and Immunobiochemical Indices Assessment
Authors: Elgawad Hanan Abd , Elmehankar Manar S. , Nabih Nairmen , Sheta Heba , Awad Soha I. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose
The thyroid gland is one of the most vital endocrine organs. It is responsible for the synthesis and secretion of hormones principally triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). These hormones play a significant role in the functions and the metabolism of the body. The thyroid gland could be affected by several infections, among them Toxoplasma gondii. Congenital toxoplasmosis took place when the parasite reached the developing fetus and infected any nucleated cells within it. This study assessed the effect of experimental congenital toxoplasmosis on the thyroid gland structure and function.

Methods
We used 34 Wistar rats and allocated them into two groups: normal control group (17 rats) and congenital toxoplasmosis group (17 rats). After euthanasia, the brain and the thyroid gland was assessed through histopathological examination. Thyroid functions examination was performed through measuring the serum levels of T3, thyroxine T4, and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). Moreover, serum levels of thyroid antibodies [thyroid-peroxidase antibody (TPO-Ab) and anti-thyroglobulin (TG-Ab)] were examined.

Results
The examination of thyroid tissues of the congenital toxoplasmosis group showed decreased or absent colloid secretion. About 47.1% of follicles showed degeneration with different grades. Parafollicular cells hyperplasia were observed in 23.6% of specimens. The serum concentrations of T3, T4, and TSH were significantly higher in congenital toxoplasmosis group than the control group. The congenital toxoplasmosis group had lower serum concentrations of TPO-Abs than the control group.

Conclusion
These results indicated that congenital Toxoplasma infection could result in a central hyperthyroidism state with alteration of thyroid gland structure in offspring.
Effect of Arum rupicola Boiss rupicola Extracts on Visceral Larva Migrans in Mice
Authors: Akkus Gozde Nur , Atalay Tugrul , Akdeniz Sinem , Ekici Husamettin , Yildiz Dincer , Gurcan I. Safa , Yildiz Kader 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose
In the present study, the effects of leaf and rhizome extracts of Arum rupicola Boiss rupicola were searched on the infective stage Toxocara canis larvae (L3) in the experimentally infected mice.

Methods
Four-six week-old male BALB/c mice were divided into eight groups (G1-8, each group consisted of 7 mice), and they were infected orally with 500 T. canis eggs with L3. After 24 h, the following treatment protocol was applied to the groups for five days: G-1: Albendazole (ABZ) (100 mg/kg), G-2: Leaf Extract (10 mg/mL) + ABZ (100 mg/kg), G-3: Leaf Extract (40 mg/mL) + ABZ (100 mg/kg), G-4: Rhizome Extract + ABZ (100 mg/kg), G-5: Leaf Extract (10 mg/mL), G-6: Leaf Extract (40 mg/mL), G-7: Rhizome extract, G-8: Negative control. The necropsy was performed on the 45th day of experimental infection.

Results
The rhizome extract significantly reduced the effectiveness of ABZ compared to leaf extracts. The number of larvae in rhizome extract-treated mice (G7) was similar to ABZ-treated mice (G1) (P < 0.05). The larval number in mice administered leaf extract (10 mg/mL and 40 mg/mL) was slightly decreased. But no significant difference was detected in the larval number depending on the dose of leaf extracts (P > 0.05).

Conclusion
The administration of the leaf and rhizome extracts did not contribute to the effectiveness of ABZ. Also the effect of ABZ on the larvae number obtained from the tissues was reduced by the rhizome extract. The larvae number in the group in which rhizome extract was given alone was almost close to the group in which ABZ was administered. The results provide insight for further research on the antiparasitic properties of A. rupicola Boiss rupicola rhizome extract.
The Potential Role of Sanguinarine as an Inhibitor of Leishmania PP2C in the Induction of Apoptosis
Authors: Ornelas-Cruces M. , Escalona-Montaño A. R. , Salaiza-Suazo N. , Sifontes-Rodríguez S. , Aguirre-García M. M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Leishmania spp. cause a wide range of human diseases, localized skin lesions, mucocutaneous and visceral infections. In the present study, the aim was to investigate the potential role of sanguinarine as a specific inhibitor of Leishmania PP2C that can induce apoptosis in the parasite. The results demonstrated that sanguinarine inhibits, in a dose-dependent mode at 72 h, the growth and phosphatase activity of both Leishmania major and Leishmania mexicana promastigotes. Therefore, all assays were performed from this time period onwards. TUNEL assay was used to identify apoptosis and indicated apoptosis in L. major and L. mexicana promastigotes. Similarly, Western blot assay showed that PARP, a DNA damage indicator molecule, was present in L. major and L. mexicana promastigotes incubated with the inhibitor. In addition, differential expression of the proapoptotic protein Bax and the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 was observed in both Leishmania species. Finally, the protein phosphatase PP2C expression was not affected, whereas p38 MAPK phosphorylation was increased in L. major promastigotes than in L. mexicana promastigotes. Therefore, sanguinarine proved to be an inhibitor of the growth and PP2C enzymatic activity of L. major and L. mexicana promastigotes, and with it, this inhibition induced apoptosis.
Advancing Sustainability in Solar-Grade Silicon Production: Enhanced Boron and Phosphorus Removal via Silicon Refining from Al–Si Melt
Authors: Mallah Abdul Rahman , Saevarsdottir Gudrun , Heuer Matthias , Svavarsson Halldor G. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Solar radiation is a renewable and practically infinite source of energy that creates no greenhouse gas emissions such as

$${\text{CO}}_{2}$$

CO
2

. Photovoltaic devices that turn solar energy directly into electricity are commonly made of high-purity solar-grade silicon, (SoG-Si). The SoG-Si is conventionally produced by a carbothermic reduction of quartz (

$${\text{SiO}}_{2}$$

SiO
2

), resulting in roughly 98 wt.% metallurgical grade silicon (MG-Si), which is then further purified into SoG-Si using the Siemens process. The carbothermic step releases a large quantity of

$${\text{CO}}_{2}$$

CO
2

, and conventional purification methods require technically complicated equipment, consume intensive energy, and involve the use and production of highly toxic silane gases. This work has investigated a metallurgical purification method of MG-Si by solidification from aluminum-Si melt. Four purification rounds have been applied to ensure that boron and phosphorus are reduced to 314

$${\text{ppb}}_{{\text{a}}}$$

ppb
a

and 96

$${\text{ppb}}_{{\text{a}}}$$

ppb
a

respectively. A > 99.99 wt.% Si has been obtained, which can be further purified by the directional solidification method, and the purity of Si can be improved to 6N by effectively removing the other elements. The raw material of this process, the MG-Si, was produced by an aluminothermic process without direct

$${\text{CO}}_{2}$$

CO
2

emissions. Such a process, purification of MG-Si obtained from the aluminothermic reduction of a ferrosilicon slag, by a metallurgical route plus an additional step of directional solidification eliminates the use of highly hazardous silane gases associated with the conventional processes and requires much simpler equipment and lower operational energy, cost, and

$${\text{CO}}_{2}$$

CO
2

emissions.
Efficacy of Ozurdex implants as second-line therapy for non-responders to anti-VEGF in retinal vein occlusion-associated macular edema: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Eissa Mahmoud , Kalogeropoulos Dimitrios , Evans William , Arora Rashi , Lotery Andrew John 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose
Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is a prevalent retinal vascular disorder characterized by retinal haemorrhage, neovascularization, and macular edema This study aimed to assess the structural and functional effects of intravitreal implant (Ozurdex) treatment as a second-line for RVO-associated macular edema in patients who did not respond to first-line anti-VEGF therapy.

Materials and methods
We conducted a retrospective observational cohort study using electronic health records of RVO patients at Salisbury District Hospital between January 2014 and December 2019. Inclusion criteria included patients diagnosed with central or branch RVO. Patients underwent ophthalmic evaluations at baseline, including central retinal thickness (CRT) and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) assessments. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics, employing various tests to determine significance.

Results
Sixteen eyes of 16 White British patients were evaluated. Most patients had branch RVO (52.95%), and 47.05% had central RVO. While anti-VEGF treatment significantly improved BCVA (p = 0.0061), Ozurdex did not result in additional gain (p = 0.747). Both treatments significantly reduced CRT (p = 0.0055 for anti-VEGF; p = 0.0079 for Ozurdex). No significant differences were observed between diabetic and non-diabetic BCVA patients receiving either treatment.

Conclusion
Ozurdex emerges as a safe and effective option for persistent macular edema in RVO patients unresponsive to anti-VEGF therapy. Although structural improvements in CRT were observed following Ozurdex treatment, they did not correlate with additional gain in BCVA. Despite this, the reduced treatment frequency of Ozurdex compared to anti-VEGF injections may be advantageous, particularly for frail non-responding patients minimizing treatment burden.