bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaporation Triboelectric‐Nanogenerator: Harvesting Low‐Grade Heat Energy from Ambient Environment
Authors: Qu Hang , Wan Lingyu , Tian Zhiqun , Liu Guanlin , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAlthough natural evaporation absorbs substantial thermal energy from the ambient environment, efficiently utilizing this high‐entropy energy remains challenging. Here, the first water evaporation‐induced triboelectric nanogenerator is proposed. It only uses tap water to harvest low‐grade heat energy from the surroundings to convert it into electricity. The natural evaporation of the liquid can generate unintermittent electricity with an open‐circuit voltage of 382 V, a peak power of 0.42 mW, and three orders of magnitude enhancement up to 59.7 mJ mL−1 after consuming the same amount of tap water compared with the droplet‐based electricity generators. After which, the excellent power output lights 2 W LED and drives wearable electronic devices. This device also inhibits carbon steel materials' corrosion in solutions through the evaporation effect of the salt water on the spot. The present study provides novel insights for triboelectric nanogenerators regarding energy sources and promotes the practical application of evaporation‐power generation technology.
Molten‐Salt Synthesis of Anthracite‐Based Porous Carbon for Microscale Supercapacitors and Strain Sensors
Authors: Huang Jintao , Zhu Sheng , Guan Chong , Huang Zhihao , Zhang Jinjiao , Ni Jiangfeng , Han Gaoyi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe molten‐salt synthesis and electrochemical capacitive behaviors of porous carbon are reported using anthracite as the precursor. Upon synthesis, the binary KCl/K2CO3 molten salt not only exfoliates bulky anthracite to carbon nanosheets but also creates rich micro‐ and mesopores in the structure. The resulting porous carbon shows a large surface area of 1399.7 m2 g−1 and a total pore volume of 1.50 cm3 g−1. In 6.0 mol L−1 KOH aqueous electrolyte, it delivers a high specific capacitance of 245.6 F g−1 at a current density of 0.5 A g−1. Flexible micro‐supercapacitors with this porous carbon are assembled following an interdigitated design. The micro‐supercapacitor affords an area capacitance of 18.0 mF cm−2 and an energy density of 1.58 µWh cm−2 at a power density of 20 µW cm−2, and sustains 89.6% of the capacitance after 2000 cycles. Furthermore, the strain sensor fabricated by replacing the current‐collecting fluid at both ends of the electrode provides consistent and stable signal output, regardless of the degree of bending and the number of cycles. This study demonstrates the great potential of anthracite‐based porous carbon in flexible energy and electronic microdevices.
Synthesis of Indoles via Sigmatropic Rearrangements and Olefin Isomerization
Authors: Uchida Tomoki , Saito Ryosuke , Takao Ken‐ichi , Ogura Akihiro 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIndoles are important heterocycles in pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals, and their atom‐economical synthesis is needed. Herein, we describe the synthesis of indoles using sigmatropic rearrangements. The N‐allylaniline was oxidized by environmentally benign hydrogen peroxide, and spontaneous [2,3]‐Meisenheimer rearrangement gave N‐allyloxyaniline. Subsequent treatment with a ruthenium catalyst afforded N‐vinyloxyaniline, which underwent [3,3]‐sigmatropic rearrangement to give indoles, expelling water as the only byproduct. The whole sequence is free of quantitative salt byproducts, thereby avoiding aqueous work up and cutting off the inorganic waste.
Recent Advances in the Cascade Cyclization Reactions of 1,7‐Enynes
Authors: Zhang Xue‐Song , Han Ya‐Ping , Liang Yong‐Min 
Published: December 2023

AbstractElaborated molecular architectures, especially carbocyclic, heterocyclic, endocyclic, and polycyclic molecular structures, serve as an important class of organic complexes because they are frequently occurring core structural units in a variety of biologically and pharmacologically relevant natural products, drug molecules, agrochemicals, and functional materials. A main challenge of current synthetic approaches is the development of strategically efficient and selective formation of these compounds from easy‐to‐handle starting materials. The cascade cyclizations of 1,7‐enynes have afforded an indispensable method for accessing molecular complexity and diversity, thus highlighting their potential significance in both academic and industrial communities. In the last decades, tremendous efforts have been devoted to discovering convenient routes to access sophisticated annulation derivatives, and a wide range of powerful and straightforward synthetic strategies have been reported. In this review, the latest achievements in the cascade cyclization reactions of 1,7‐enynes are summarized, which could be separated into three categories: (1) Visible‐light‐induced reactions of 1,7‐enynes; (2) Metal‐free catalyzed reactions of 1,7‐enynes; (3) Transition‐metal‐catalyzed reactions of 1,7‐enynes.
Rapid detection of heat stress biomarkers in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) liver using targeted proteomics
Authors: Mendoza‐Porras Omar , Rusu Anca G. , Stratford Christopher , Wade Nicholas M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMost fish are ectothermic; therefore, their physiology is significantly affected by temperature. Aquaculture fish have limited ability to avoid elevated water temperatures, with impacts increasing as a result of climate change. To date, quantifying gene expression has been proposed to monitor heat stress in salmon liver. This study aimed to establish a faster multiplexed proteomics method to measure the abundance of thermal stress biomarkers in liver of salmon reared at 15°C or 20°C. Moreover, this study aimed to determine the effects that sample pooling, and data normalisation using housekeeping (HK) protein peptides would exert over the statistical significance of these thermal stress markers. A multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mass spectrometry method, comprised 45 peptides derived from thermal stress markers and 10 peptides from HK proteins, was applied to measure these markers in liver of salmon reared at 15°C or 20°C. When samples were processed individually, 34 peptides were significant between salmon livers at 15°C or 20°C. In pooled samples, this decreased to five significant peptides. Peptides hprt1_HYADDLDR (hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase) and gapdh_VPTPNVSVVDLTVR (glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase) were the most stable and unstable HK protein peptides, respectively. When data was normalised with hprt1_HYADDLDR, 16 peptides were significant in individual samples and 13 in pooled samples. Significant peptides serpinh1a_ADLSNISGK, SerpinH1_TNSILFIGR, ela2_VVGGEDVR and gapdh_VPTPNVSVVDLTVR were common regardless of data strategy. A fast and reliable MRM method was established to validate thermal stress markers in salmon liver, where individual samples yielded better results than pooled samples. Sample pooling was only better when combined with normalisation as it validated twice the number of markers than sample pooling alone. This method could be applied to monitoring stress response in experiments involving feeding additives designed to mitigate thermal stress or in selective breeding programs to help understanding family variance in thermal tolerance.
Enhancing deuterium/hydrogen evolution performance through synergistic effects of Ni and V2O3
Authors: Li Yanfeng , Xu Weiwei , Sheng Yuan , Jiang Chenghang , Wang Neo , Chen Yingda , Ma Zhen , Shao Liangbin , Wang Shibin , Zhang Shijie , Wang Jianguo 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCompared to the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), the deuterium evolution reaction (DER) has slower kinetics that causes unsatisfactory performance of conventional HER catalysts in DER. Herein, we report a Ni/V2O3‐500 catalyst with nanosheet morphology that shows excellent performance in both alkaline DER and HER with ultralow overpotential of 64 mV (in 1 M NaOD) and 32 mV (in 1 M NaOH) at 10 mA cm−2. The activity remains stable after accelerated durability test and 1000 h of chronopotentiometric test at 500 mA cm−2. The high performance is attributed to uniform dispersion of Ni nanoparticles and synergistic effects between Ni and V2O3. Density functional theory modeling demonstrates that the synergistic effect optimizes the adsorption of H*/D* intermediate, promoting the reaction rate. This study provides valuable insights into metal‐support interactions in electrocatalysis which facilitates the development of superior DER/HER catalysts. The Ni/V2O3‐500 shows great potential for industrial applications.
The bubble size and rise velocity of bubble‐induced three‐phase inverse fluidized bed (BIFB)
Authors: Ma Keying , Sun Zeneng , Shao Yuanyuan , Zhu Jesse 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe bubble size and rise velocity were investigated in detail using a new telecentric photographic probe in a pilot‐scale bubble‐induced three‐phase inverse fluidized bed (BIFB). By the influence of the bubble flow behavior, the particle bed goes through four different flow regimes with increasing gas velocity in BIFB. An obvious normal bubble size distribution caused by bubble coalescence and breakup was observed. A parameter of “size span” was proposed to describe the distribution width of bubble size. The average bubble size increases with the axial distance from the column bottom and with the gas velocity until reaching a relatively stable size. The radial distributions of the average bubble size are almost uniform but experience a decreasing trend near the column wall. The bubble rise velocity increases with the bubble size and the gas velocity. An empirical equation was established to predict successfully the bubble rise velocity in BIFB.
Predicting PC‐SAFT parameters based on COSMO‐RS
Authors: Dai Zhengxing , Wang Lei , Zuo Zhida , Fan Jing , Lu Xiaohua , Ji Xiaoyan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractTo predict the size (m, σ) and energy (ε) parameters of the perturbed‐chain statistical associating fluid theory (PC‐SAFT) based on the conductor‐like screening model for realistic solvents (COSMO‐RS), in this work, the PC‐SAFT model parameters of 304 substances were reviewed and summarized, their COSMO‐RS results linked to the size and energy were predicted, and the relationships between the PC‐SAFT parameters and COSMO‐RS results were obtained in 3 cases (Case 1: relationships based on n‐alkanes, Case 2: category‐specific relationships, Case 3: generic relationships for 138 substances). Case 2 (including Case 1) shows the lowest average absolute relative deviations (AARDs) of 7.63% (m), 3.05% (σ), and 9.05% (ε), while Case 3 provides the prediction capacity with AARDs of 10.00% (m), 4.05% (σ), and 13.21% (ε), which is better than those developed by others. Finally, the new PC‐SAFT parameters were used to predict the densities and vapor pressures of 8 representative substances and compared with the results using the original PC‐SAFT parameters, showing that the parameters in Case 3 can be used to reproduce densities and the parameters in Case 2 (including Case 1) can be used to reproduce both densities and vapor pressures.
Insight into the SO2 poisoning of heterobimetallic FeCu‐SSZ‐13 zeolite in NH3‐SCR reaction
Authors: Lin Zheguan , Wang Chan , Li Tiesen , Zhu Haibo , Jiang Lilong , Yue Yuanyuan , Bao Xiaojun 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe SO2 poisoning of a heterobimetallic FeCu‐SSZ‐13 in selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3 (NH3‐SCR) was systematically investigated in this study. It was shown that when SO2 is involved in the feeding flue gas, the losses in the redox ability of active metals (primary contributor to deactivation) and in the number of Brønsted acid sites both inhibit the formation of NH4NO2 intermediate, resulting in the rapid deactivation of FeCu‐SSZ‐13. The SO2 poisoning of FeCu‐SSZ‐13 at low temperature is more serious than at high temperature, because of the more severe loss of redox ability of active metals. Unlike that of monometallic Cu‐/Fe‐CHA, the SO2 poisoning of the bimetallic one is saliently featured by that partial SO2 is oxidized to SO3 and partial Brønsted acid sites are destroyed due to the formation of H2SO4. This work may provide a fundamental understanding on the SO2 poisoning of heterobimetallic zeolite‐based NH3‐SCR catalysts.
General prediction models for void fraction and specific surface area of gas–liquid microflows
Authors: Sheng Lin , Zheng Chenglin , Chang Yu , Deng Jian , Luo Guangsheng 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe flow characteristics of void fraction and specific surface area are important to predict the mass transfer and reaction performances in gas–liquid microreactors. However, the models and trends for the two parameters in different flow patterns remain ununified and insufficient. Accordingly, this work first time studies the void fraction and specific surface area in a very wide flow pattern range (Taylor, short bubble, bubbly, and bubble swarm flow). The results show that at the same gas–liquid flow rates, the void fraction decreases with bubble size in Taylor and short bubble flow but is totally opposite in bubbly and bubble swarm flow. Importantly, the variation of specific surface area with bubble size is independent of the flow pattern and decreases with bubble size. Finally, based on bubble size, two general models for the two parameters are developed. This work provides a new direction for the unification of flow characteristics.
Elucidating molecular transport behavior in vertically‐aligned 2D nanochannels of graphene‐based lamellar membranes
Authors: Wang Yongzheng , Liu Siyu , Chen Jingjing , Chen Chongchong , Wu Xiaoli , Yang Zhirong , Zhang Jie , Wang Jingtao 
Published: December 2023

AbstractTwo‐dimensional (2D) nanochannels with confined spacing and tunable microenvironment exhibit broad application prospects in molecule‐scale processes. However, mass transport behaviors in nanochannels have yet been clearly elucidated, due to the complex physical and chemical structures of nanochannels. Herein, a series of vertically‐aligned nanochannels with tunable chemistry were fabricated by embedding graphene‐based lamellar membranes into epoxy matrix. In this way, 2 mm‐length robust nanochannels can maintain the molecular transport configuration throughout the membrane without the disturbance from entrance and cross‐layer domains. Based on these platforms, it is demonstrated that molecule–channel and molecule–molecule interactions codetermine molecular transport efficiency by controlling molecular configuration and transfer friction. Significantly, matched interaction energies permit fast transport with methanol permeance of over 26.1 L m−2 h−1 bar−1, which outperforms most reported long‐range nanochannels, while mismatched interaction energies fail to do so. In addition, the vertically‐aligned nanochannels membranes hold exceptional stability because of the mechanical protection of epoxy.
Tooth chipping patterns and dental caries suggest a soft fruit diet in early anthropoids
Authors: Towle Ian , Borths Matthew R. , Loch Carolina 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectivesFossils from the Fayum Depression, Egypt, are crucial for understanding anthropoid evolution due to the abundance of taxa and the time interval they represent (late Eocene to early Oligocene). Dietary and foraging behavioral interpretations suggest fruits were their dominant food source, although hard foods (e.g., seeds and nuts) and leaves could have been important dietary components for particular groups. In this study, we compare dental chipping patterns in five Fayum primate genera with chipping data for extant primates, to assess potential hard object feeding in early anthropoids.Materials and MethodsOriginal specimens were studied (Aegyptopithecus: n = 100 teeth; Parapithecus: n = 72, Propliopithecus: n = 99, Apidium: n = 82; Catopithecus: n = 68); with the number, severity, and position of chips recorded. Dental caries was also recorded, due to its association with soft fruit consumption in extant primates.ResultsTooth chipping was low across all five genera studied, with a pooled chipping prevalence of 5% (21/421). When split into the three anthropoid families represented, chipping prevalence ranged from 2.6% (4/154) in Parapithecidae, 6% (12/199) in Propliopithecidae, and 7.4% (5/68) in Oligopithecidae. Three carious lesions were identified in Propliopithecidae.DiscussionThe chipping prevalence is low when compared to extant anthropoids (range from 4% to 40%) and is consistent with a predominantly soft fruit diet, but not with habitual hard food mastication. The presence of caries supports consumption of soft, sugary fruits, at least in Propliopithecidae. Our results add support for low dietary diversity in early anthropoids, with soft fruits as likely dominant food sources.
K2CO3‐loaded γ‐Al2O3 for acid removal in waste transformer oil
Authors: Fei Kai , Dong Zhuo Yi , Shi Li , Meng Xuan , Liu Naiwang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractTransformer oil plays a critical role in ensuring the insulation and normal operation of power transformers. However, during operation, the transformer oil would undergo oxidation and degradation, leading to the formation of acids and polar compounds that increase its acidity and degrade its performance. Hence, the recycling and regeneration of aged transformer oil is an essential practice in transformer maintenance, contributing significantly to the extension of a transformer's operational lifespan and the reduction of potential risks. Adsorption separation is a preferred method for regeneration, offering simplicity and high efficiency. This study focuses on impregnated γ‐Al2O3 as an adsorbent for acidity removal in waste transformer oil. We conducted static adsorption experiments to investigate the optimal loading amount of the active component and the best calcination temperature for acid removal. XRD technique is employed to monitor the phase changes of the carrier during the calcination process. BET analysis is used to observe variations in the specific surface area and pore volume of the adsorbent during the modification process. DTG‐TGA is utilized to assess the weight loss during the calcination process. FTIR is employed to observe changes in functional groups during modification and adsorption processes. Along with these investigations, a study is also carried out to assess the dynamic acid removal performance of the acid‐removing adsorbent loaded into a fixed bed. The findings contribute to the development of sustainable methods for regenerating transformer oil, ensuring efficient and environmentally friendly operations.
Novel bioactive copper and nickel polymeric complexes: Synthesis, characterization, antimicrobial activity, and DFT calculations
Authors: Metwally Amal M. , Mohamed Hany I. , ElKhawaga Hanaa A. , Ibrahim Sahar M. , Reda Laila M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPolymeric complexes, especially metal‐containing polymers, possess aggregated medical applications, especially as antibacterial and antifungal agents. This work describes a facile procedure for producing a series of novel copper and nickel complexes of poly(2‐hydroxyphenyl methacrylamide) and poly(2‐carboxyphenyl methacrylamide). The polymeric ligands were synthesized through a multistep procedure. Firstly, 4‐formylphenyl methacrylate was constructed by acylating 4‐hydroxybenzaldehyde with methacryloyl chloride. Then, polymerization of the as‐prepared monomer to obtain poly(4‐formylphenyl methacrylate) using benzoyl peroxide as an initiator. Thirdly, the polymeric ligands PL1 and PL2 were achieved via exchange reactions between poly(4‐formylphenyl methacrylate) and o‐aminophenol and anthranilic acid, respectively. Consequently, the two ligands were reacted with copper and nickel acetates to afford four target complexes (Cu‐PL1, Ni‐PL1, Cu‐PL2, and Ni‐PL2). By FT‐IR, 1HNMR, UV‐visible, and TGA analyses, the structures of PL1, PL2, and their complexes were investigated. Furthermore, the geometries of PL1, PL2, and their complexes were reported through a molecular modeling to investigate some interesting parameters such as the bond length, bond angle, charge on the atoms, the HOMO and LUMO using the Material Studio program. The calculation results illustrated that octahedral geometries are proposed for the synthesized metal complexes. The reported antimicrobial efficiency showed a strong potency for most synthesized compounds against the selected microbes, especially compounds Cu‐PL1 and Cu‐PL2 which are more effective than the standard against Candida albicans.
Aromatic Hydrocarbon Based and Space Interactions Induced Color‐tunable Single‐component Organic Phosphorescence
Authors: Sun Weitao , Duan Ruikang , Dai Xianyin , Liu Wei , Li Jinwei , Gong Qi , Duan Guiyun , Ge Yanqing 
Published: December 2023

AbstractConstruction of new system and exploration of new approach are of great importance for the improvement of their photophysical properties to meet the growing various uses of phosphorescent materials. Triphenylmethane (TPM), composed only of carbon and hydrogen, exhibits excellent color tunable phosphorescence in air, with ultralong lifetime (836 ms), and wide color‐tunable range (from cyan to green, then to yellow and finally to orange, 525 nm–616 nm). Through careful comparison with the single crystal diffraction structure of tetraphenylmethane (TTPM) and theoretical calculation analysis, we believe that various clusters formed through space interactions are crucial for color‐tunable phosphorescence.
Distributed fixed‐time economic dispatch over directed graphs: An event‐triggered approach
Authors: Lu Xiao , Luan Meng , Wan Ying , Cao Jinde 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis paper introduces a novel distributed fixed‐time algorithm that employs an event‐triggered strategy to solve the economic dispatch problem within the framework of smart grids. Distinguishing from existing fixed‐time and finite‐time algorithms of distributed economic dispatch applied to undirected graphs, the proposed distributed optimization algorithm in this paper has been proven effective for directed graphs. The proposed algorithm ensures the continual satisfaction of the supply and demand balance constraints. Additionally, the incorporation of the event‐triggered strategy not only conserves actuator updates but also avoids Zeno behavior. Finally, simulation cases verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Wie bekommen wir den Geist aus der Flasche?
Authors: Akkermann Jan , Bögle Annette , Boley Conrad , Dehlinger Christian , Hettler Achim , Marx Steffen , Jesse Dirk 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDen Abschluss der Essay‐Serie zum 100. Jahrgang der Fachzeitschrift Bautechnik bildet eine fiktive Podiumsdiskussion, zu welcher die Redaktion die Mitglieder des wissenschaftlichen Beirats eingeladen hat. Die Antworten der Diskussionsteilnehmenden stehen hier in der Reihenfolge, in der sie gegeben wurden, und bauen zum Teil aufeinander auf. Für den Einstieg in die Diskussion haben wir ein Thema gewählt, auf welches derzeit in unserer Gesellschaft mit immer lauterer Stimme (ggf. auch Klebstoff) versucht wird, die Aufmerksamkeit zu lenken: die Mahnung der jungen Generation, dass der dringend benötigte Wandel (nicht nur im Bauwesen) zu klimagerechterem Handeln zu langsam voranschreitet. Mit Blick auf die Bauwirtschaft, ihrem enormen CO2‐Ausstoß und ihrer besonderen Verantwortung für die Gesellschaft, welche in den Essays der letzten Monate aus verschiedensten Blickwinkeln sichtbar wurde, scheinen erdrückend – so zumindest der Eindruck der Öffentlichkeit. Daher unsere erste Frage: