bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving Violent Extremism Risk Communication among German Police Agencies: A Survey of Federal and State Threat Managers
Authors: Ritter Lisa , Weber Michael A. , Witt Rainer , Profes Valerie , Singh Jay P. , Endrass Jérôme , Rossegger Astrid 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe effective communication of the risk of violent extremism using either numerical or semantic systems represents an important challenge for police agencies. The aim of the present study was to examine the perceived usefulness of an 8-category risk communication scheme widely used by German police. An online survey was completed by members of both federal as well as state police threat management teams throughout the country (N = 158). Results suggest that threat managers perceive the use of a common risk communication scheme to be crucial for successful cooperation across different police agencies to prevent acts of violent extremism. However, it was also found that threat managers do not share a mutual understanding of the meaning behind the eight risk categories in the present scheme. The authors review established best practices in the nomothetic and idiographic communication of risk and make constructive recommendations about how to improve the utility of the currently used system. If these recommendations are implemented, they could result in more effective preventative efforts by threat management teams collaborating throughout Germany, with positive implications for public safety and national security.
Marine natural product lepadin A as a novel inducer of immunogenic cell death via CD91-dependent pathway
Authors: Carbone Dalila , Gallo Carmela , Nuzzo Genoveffa , Barra Giusi , Dell’Isola Mario , Affuso Mario , Follero Olimpia , Albiani Federica , Sansone Clementina , Manzo Emiliano , d’Ippolito Giuliana , Fontana Angelo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractImmunogenic Cell Death (ICD) represents a mechanism of enhancing T cell-driven response against tumor cells. The process is enabled by release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and cytokines by dying cells. Based on molecular studies and clinical marker assessment, ICD can be a new target for cancer chemotherapy hitherto restricted to a few conventional anticancer drugs. In view of the development of small molecules in targeted cancer therapy, we reported the preliminary evidence on the role of the natural product lepadin A (1) as a novel ICD inducer. Here we describe the ICD mechanism of lepadin A (1) by proving the translocation of the protein calreticulin (CRT) to the plasma membrane of human A2058 melanoma cells. CRT exposure is an ICD marker in clinical studies and was associated with the activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway in A2058 cells with lepadin A (1). After the treatment, the tumour cells acquired the ability to activate dendritic cells (DCs) with cytokine release and costimulatory molecule expression that is consistent with a phenotypic profile committed to priming T lymphocytes via a CD91-dependent mechanism. The effect of lepadin A (1) was dose-dependent and comparable to the response of the chemotherapy drug doxorubicin (2), a well-established ICD inducer.
Preterm Birth and Developmental Coordination Disorder: What Do We Know and Not Know?
Authors: Du Wenchong , Hua Jing 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Despite increasing research on the association between preterm birth and DCD, some critical questions remain unanswered. This review therefore aims to examine the current state of knowledge and identify areas that require further research.

Recent Findings
Recent findings indicate that preterm birth is associated with a greater risk of DCD, with increasing severity of impairment observed with decreasing gestational age before 40 weeks. Numerous studies have examined risk factors for preterm DCD, but few have investigated the mechanisms separately for preterm and term-born DCD, which makes it challenging to determine if they share similar etiological factors. Evidence suggests that the developmental trajectory between preterm and term-born DCD may differ, but more details is required. Additionally, research has also been limited by inconsistent definitions of preterm populations in terms of the degree of prematurity and the use of gestational age and/or birth weight.

Summary
Further research is needed to fully comprehend the association between preterm birth and DCD and to develop effective prevention and intervention strategies.
A modified particle contact model for matching the ratios of uniaxial compressive to tensile strength of brittle rocks
Authors: Wu Yan , Hao Haichun , Gao Mingzhong , Gao Zheng , Gao Yanan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe Hertz-Mindlin with bonding (HMB) contact model in the commercial discrete element method (DEM) software EDEM is widely used to simulate and analyze the mechanical behavior of rocks. However, it cannot match the high ratios of uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) to tensile strength (TS) observed in brittle rocks like basalt. In this study, a modified HMB contact model was developed by adequately considering the contribution of moment to stress and the influence of normal stress on shear strength. At the same time, a DEM parameters inversion method was proposed to achieve rapid and accurate calibration of various microscopic parameters. The results indicate that the moment-contribution factor and maximum tensile strength in the modified HMB contact model are two key parameters affecting the UCS/TS ratio. Specifically, the moment-contribution factor mainly affects UCS, while also jointly influencing TS together with the maximum tensile strength. The modified HMB contact model successfully achieves the high UCS/TS ratio that aligns with the test value and exhibits significant pressure-dependence. This model proves to be appropriate for accurately simulating the mechanical behavior of brittle rocks.
Zur Entwicklung digitalisierungsbezogener Kompetenzen und Einstellungen von Lehramtsstudierenden im Verlauf des Bachelor of Education
Authors: Johnson Frederick , Schneider Christoph , Müller Lothar 
Published: October 2023

ZusammenfassungIn Zeiten des digitalen Wandels im Bildungskontext beleuchtet der vorliegende Beitrag Ausprägungen und längsschnittliche Entwicklungen digitalisierungsbezogener Einstellungen und Kompetenzen (operationalisiert durch Selbsteinschätzungen und Wissenstest) von Lehramtsstudierenden. Die Betrachtung bezieht sich auf den Studiengang des Bachelor of Education an einer deutschen Universität und umfasst drei bzw. vier Messzeitpunkte. Die Kohorten umfassen im Falle des Längsschnitts mit drei Messzeitpunkten 399 Studierende und im Falle des Längsschnitts mit vier Messzeitpunkten 214 Studierende. Entwicklungen werden mit Latent-Change-Modellen analysiert. Die Ergebnisse weisen auf Handlungsbedarf in der Gestaltung der lehramtsbezogenen Hochschullehre hin: Die Selbsteinschätzungen von technologischer Kompetenz sind in absoluter Betrachtung durchaus hoch ausgeprägt, verändern sich im Zeitverlauf jedoch nicht. Die Ergebnisse des Wissenstests sind im Vergleich zu den Selbsteinschätzungen als ungünstiger einzuschätzen und verändern sich ebenfalls nicht. Unter den Einstellungen steigt die wahrgenommene Nützlichkeit des Lehrens und Lernens mit digitalen Technologien kontinuierlich über den Studienverlauf. Befürchtungen, die dem Lehren und Lernen im digitalen Raum entgegengebracht werden, sinken dagegen simultan. Zusammengenommen vermögen diese Ergebnisse Hinweise auf notwendige Optimierungen und Stärkungen digitalisierungsbezogener Kompetenzen in der Lehrkräftebildung zu geben.
The Kaolin and Bentonite Deposit of Tamame De Sayago (Zamora, Spain): Mineralogy, Geochemistry, and Genesis
Authors: Manchado E. M. , Suárez M. , García-Romero E. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA geological, mineralogical, and geochemical characterization of the Tamame de Sayago (Zamora, Spain) deposit was carried out with the aim of knowing the conditions that facilitated the genesis in the same deposit of kaolinite and smectites. The alteration processes affecting a Variscan granite were deduced throughout the study of a very wide group of representative samples by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), chemical analyses of major, minor, and trace elements, as well as δ18O, δ34S stable isotope and K/Ar dating analyses. In addition, 2D and 2.5D graphs of the kaolinite and smectite isoconcentrations were obtained from core data. According to the color and texture, two different clayey rock types were identified and named as homogeneous alteration zones (ZAHO) and heterogeneous alteration zones (ZAHE). The ZAHO are regoliths in which the granite texture is preserved, and the feldspars are almost completely kaolinized. In the ZAHE, the original texture of the granitic rock is lost, and the main clay mineral is smectite. The mineralogical composition is similar, with kaolinite, smectite, mica, quartz, scarce feldspar, and occasionally natroalunite and APS (aluminum-phosphate-sulphate); however, the mineral concentration varies considerably because ZAHO are rich in kaolin areas whereas ZAHE are bentonitic areas. Both rock types contain numerous veins and nodules. The weathering of the Paleozoic granite alongside the absence of sedimentation during the Mesozoic led to the formation of kaolinite that is preserved in ZAHO materials. Nonetheless, during the Cretaceous–Tertiary transit, the conditions of tectonic stability varied. Late Variscan faults reactivated which allowed the percolation of Mg- and Ca-rich hydrothermal fluids through the already kaolinized granite, increasing the alteration of the primary silicates and leading to the formation of smectites in ZAHE materials. The amount of smectites is greater closer to the faults. The stable isotopes indicate the meteoric nature of the low-temperature hydrothermal fluids. The K/Ar data obtained from the natroalunite of veins indicate that those hydrothermal fluids circulated in different pulses from 66.4 ± 1.7 to 58.8 ± 1.5 Ma, as a minimum. Those ages are coincident with the first formation stages of the Duero Basin.
A new control scheme for an aerodynamic-surface-free tilt-rotor convertible UAV
Authors: Mimouni M.Z. , Araar O. , Oudda A. , Haddad M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the design and control of a tilt-rotor UAV (TRUAV), with the purpose of simplifying the mechanical structure and transition handling. Previous works on TRUAVs control consider a different controller for each flight mode. Furthermore, two sets of actuators are used: propellers in the VTOL mode, and aerodynamic surfaces in the fixed-wing mode. In this work, a new design that does not contain any control surfaces is proposed. A new control strategy is also presented to accommodate this particularity. Unlike previous works, this strategy uses a single controller to handle both flight phases, making the transition between the two phases no longer an issue. Furthermore, such a characteristic makes the drone capable of following any flight trajectory, which is vital for applications such as the tracking of a ground target. Simulations, conducted on the full nonlinear model of the famous Zagi flying wing drone, showed the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy in tracking a typical trajectory profile with a smooth transition from VTOL to fixed-wing mode.
The Canon No Longer Applies: How the Fine Arts (N) Range of the Library of Congress Classification System Perpetuates Bias by Privileging Fine Art Over Craft
Authors: Hilles Stefanie 
Published: October 2023

Neutrality is one of the founding principles of library classification; however, systems reflect the biases of the societies that created them. Many articles have been written on bias in the Library of Congress Classification System (LCC) and its subject headings (LCSH). But how is bias evident in the Fine Arts (N) range?One answer to this question lays in the writings of Hope A. Olson who argues that systems like LCC are inherently prejudiced because of their use of universality, which results in hierarchical relationships and Derridean binaries. This is problematic because library classification, according to Olson, functions as a third-space, a place where meaning is created.Reading the Fine Arts range through Olson's work reveals a system that perpetuates bias by reconstructing the western canon of art history through its privileging of fine art over craft. While each of the fine arts are given their own subclasses, craft mediums are located under one subclass, Decorative Arts (NK), giving them a lesser than status. Artists and art historians have argued that the valuing of fine art over craft in the western canon, something clearly seen in LCC, is a consequence of patriarchal and colonialist power systems.
A review of the DTS: Diathermic Syncope® system with a discussion regarding its use for kosher slaughter (shechita)
Authors: Zivotofsky Ari Z 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Over the last several decades an alternative to current methods of stunning cattle has been developed. This system, DTS: Diathermic Syncope®, has been suggested to the Jewish and Muslim communities as a means to achieve pre-cut stunning in conformity with both religious and EU regulations without a need to resort to a derogation that permits an exemption from the EU requirement to pre-stun all animals undergoing slaughter. The developer’s contention is that the system induces fainting, and thus should be acceptable to all groups, including the kosher (Jewish) and Halal (Muslim) consumer. A review of the system based on publications and reports from the developer itself suggests that in reality the system selectively heats the brain, leading to an epileptic-type seizure with tonic-clonic phases and unconsciousness lasting several minutes. It does not induce a (benign) faint, and use of the system might cause structural brain damage. Thus, this system is unlikely to be acceptable under Jewish religious law and its animal welfare value can be questioned.
Factors associated with loss to follow-up in outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Kaul Christina M. , Haller Matthew , Yang Jenny , Solomon Sadie , Khan Maria R. , Pitts Robert A. , Phillips Michael S. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe assessed factors associated with increased risk to loss of follow-up with infectious diseases staff in OPAT patients. Discharge to subacute healthcare facilities is strongly associated with loss to follow-up. We did not identify sociodemographic disparities. Poor communication between OPAT providers and subacute healthcare facilities remains a serious issue.
A foot out the door: what drives bureaucratic exit into lobbying careers?
Authors: Bolton Alexander , McCrain Joshua 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe revolving door is a potential mechanism of private influence over policy. Recent work primarily examines the revolving of legislators and their staff, with little focus on the federal bureaucracy. To analyze decisions to turnover into lobbying, we develop an argument emphasizing the (1) policy expertise acquired from federal employment; (2) the proximity of employees to political decision-making; and (3) the agency policymaking environment. Leveraging federal personnel and lobbying data, we find the first two factors predict revolving whereas the policymaking environment has an inconsistent impact. We highlight the importance of studying selection into lobbying for estimating casual effects of lobbyist characteristics on revenue and contribute to the literature on bureaucratic careers and the nature of private influence in policymaking.
RADIOCARBON ANALYSIS OF SOIL MICROBIAL BIOMASS VIA DIRECT CHLOROFORM EXTRACTION
Authors: Finstad Kari M , Nuccio Erin E , Grant Katherine E , Broek Taylor A B , Pett-Ridge Jennifer , McFarlane Karis J 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTMicrobial processing of soil organic matter is a significant driver of C cycling, yet we lack an understanding of what shapes the turnover of this large terrestrial pool. In part, this is due to limited options for accurately identifying the source of C assimilated by microbial communities. Laboratory incubations are the most common method for this; however, they can introduce artifacts due to sample disruption and processing and can take months to produce sufficient CO2 for analysis. We present a biomass extraction method which allows for the direct 14C analysis of microbial biomolecules and compare the results to laboratory incubations. In the upper 50 cm soil depths, the Δ14C from incubations was indistinguishable from that of extracted microbial biomass. Below 50 cm, the Δ14C of the biomass was more depleted than that of the incubations, either due to the stimulation of labile C decomposition in the incubations, the inclusion of biomolecules from non-living cells in the biomass extractions, or differences in C used for assimilation versus respiration. Our results suggest that measurement of Δ14C of microbial biomass extracts can be a useful alternative to soil incubations.
The Dust Bowl, the Depression, and American Protestant Responses to Environmental Devastation
Authors: Stephens Randall J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe 1930s Dust Bowl on the Great Plains was one of the most catastrophic environmental disasters in history. Over-farming, severe drought, and high winds primed dust storms. Depopulation occurred in Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, Colorado, and New Mexico. All was made worse by the economic crisis. While historians have written extensively about the Dust Bowl, its causes and its effects, there is little detailed scholarship on the religious dimensions of this ecological tragedy. This article examines some of the important ways that the Dust Bowl shaped Protestant religious life and popular theology just as it prompted denominational relief campaigns, educational efforts, and conservation work. It looks particularly at Congregationalists, Baptists, Methodists, holiness groups, and Pentecostals. Reactions to the Dust Bowl reveal patterns of thinking about and acting on ecology, social concern, migration, millennialism, and new federal relief efforts. An examination of the growing historical fragmentation of white Protestantism is central to this article. In this era of environmental ruin and mass migration to the West, religious groups and individuals offered vastly different solutions and interpretations, foreshadowing later political and cultural conflicts. In the 1930s, long before the birth of modern environmentalism, Protestants were asking why things had gone so horribly wrong and what, if anything, could be done about it.
“Not Only to the Gentiles, but Also to the African”: Samuel Chambers and Scripture
Authors: Johnson Janiece , Newell Quincy D. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAround a hundred Black people joined the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (the LDS Church) in the nineteenth century. From 1873 to 1876, a clerk created one of the most extensive records of an early Black Latter-day Saint when he wrote down Samuel Chambers's religious testimonies given in deacons quorum meetings. Though these records have been known to the academic community for decades, this article represents the first scholarly analysis of them. We argue that Chambers used LDS scriptural language and the authority of his own experience to clear a place rhetorically for himself in the deacons quorum and for Black people in the LDS Church more broadly. Chambers implicitly illustrated his fitness for holding the LDS priesthood and participating in LDS temple rituals, aspects of LDS practice from which Chambers was excluded because he was Black. This article adds depth and richness to our understanding of late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century African American Mormon experience and provides a case study in some of the ways written scripture and spoken language intersect and function for members of a religious community with varying levels of literacy among members.
Farm management and economic factors associated with bulk tank total bacterial count in Holstein dairy herds in Iran
Authors: Soleimani-Rahimabad Fatemeh , Sadeghi-Sefidmazgi Ali , Pakdel Abbas , Rahbar Rabie , Bewley Jeffrey M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe objectives of this research were (1) to study different factors affecting milk total bacterial count (TBC) and (2) to estimate the economic value associated with TBC in Holstein dairy herds in Iran. The relationships between bulk tank TBC and farm management and economic factors were examined on 56 randomly selected intensive dairy farms. Herd management factors associated with bulk tank TBC were determined using mixed linear models. The median bulk tank TBC for the sample herds was 299 (range 81–1185) × 103 cfu/ml. The average economic premium opportunity from bulk tank TBC was US$ 1.32 per ton of milk ranging from US$ 0.02 per ton of milk for herds applying wet tissue procedures as teat cleaning material and washing the water troughs three times per day to US$ 5.20 per ton of milk for herds with dirty barns. Results showed that the following management factors were associated with low TBC and high economic value: frequency of cleaning water troughs, teat cleaning material, the frequency of milk delivery to the processor, bedding material, herd size, education level of workers, udder washing material, material of milking parlor wall, frequency of disinfection of the calving area, presence of veterinarian, water quality control, having a hospital pen and barn hygiene. In conclusion, our findings highlight the need to pay more attention to farm management issues, particularly farm hygiene practices to reduce milk TBC and so reduce the economic burden of TBC in dairy herds in Iran.
Robotically-induced auditory-verbal hallucinations: combining self-monitoring and strong perceptual priors
Authors: Orepic Pavo , Bernasconi Fosco , Faggella Melissa , Faivre Nathan , Blanke Olaf 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundInducing hallucinations under controlled experimental conditions in non-hallucinating individuals represents a novel research avenue oriented toward understanding complex hallucinatory phenomena, avoiding confounds observed in patients. Auditory-verbal hallucinations (AVH) are one of the most common and distressing psychotic symptoms, whose etiology remains largely unknown. Two prominent accounts portray AVH either as a deficit in auditory-verbal self-monitoring, or as a result of overly strong perceptual priors.MethodsIn order to test both theoretical models and evaluate their potential integration, we developed a robotic procedure able to induce self-monitoring perturbations (consisting of sensorimotor conflicts between poking movements and corresponding tactile feedback) and a perceptual prior associated with otherness sensations (i.e. feeling the presence of a non-existing another person).ResultsHere, in two independent studies, we show that this robotic procedure led to AVH-like phenomena in healthy individuals, quantified as an increase in false alarm rate in a voice detection task. Robotically-induced AVH-like sensations were further associated with delusional ideation and to both AVH accounts. Specifically, a condition with stronger sensorimotor conflicts induced more AVH-like sensations (self-monitoring), while, in the otherness-related experimental condition, there were more AVH-like sensations when participants were detecting other-voice stimuli, compared to detecting self-voice stimuli (strong-priors).ConclusionsBy demonstrating an experimental procedure able to induce AVH-like sensations in non-hallucinating individuals, we shed new light on AVH phenomenology, thereby integrating self-monitoring and strong-priors accounts.