bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship Between Stress Distribution and Current Density Distribution on Commercial Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Authors: Ji Weichen , Lin Rui 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe current density of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEM-FCs) is directly linked to their electrochemical reaction. Its distribution over the active area can give the local performance of the cells, which is significant for exploration of internal process and optimization of performance. In this paper, segmented cell technology is applied to investigate the current density distribution for a commercial PEMFC with different clamping strategies. The stress distribution and current density distribution as well as the overall performance of the cell are tested under the same operating conditions. The results show that a more uniform stress distribution can lead to a more uniform reaction current density distribution and the good uniformity of the stress distribution and current density distribution has a positive impact on the improvement of the cell overall performance. Thus, it is significant to improve the clamping strategy in order to improve the uniformity of the stress distribution and reaction current density distribution, which ultimately improves the cell overall performance.
Construction and Simulation of Digital Twin Model and Electrolyzer Wide Power Adaptation Model for Alkaline Electrolytic Water Hydrogen Production
Authors: Zhang Zhe , Yang Wenbo , Wang Liwei , Liang Tao , Liu Zicong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCombining the framework of digital twin and the working mechanism of electrolytic water hydrogen production, a digital twin model of alkaline electrolytic water hydrogen production is constructed, and the influence of electrolyzer cell voltage by temperature and pressure is analyzed according to the mathematical model of electrolytic water hydrogen production. In order to improve the adaptability of the electrolyzer of the hydrogen production system to the power fluctuation of renewable energy input, a wide power adaptation model with multiple electrolyzers sharing one set of gas-liquid handling device is proposed. The case study shows that by reasonably selecting the electrolyzer model of the hydrogen production system, the use of the wide power adaptation model can effectively adapt to the fluctuation of wind power and improve the adaptation capability of the electrolyzer to wide power fluctuations.
Design of Charging Station System for Underwater High Energy Density Oxyhydrogen Fuel Cell
Authors: Cai Zongju , Sun Xiran , Liu Yuming , Xu Chao 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBased on the physical structure of the 20-foot container, this paper carries out the theoretical analysis of underwater charging station system about energy allocation of oxyhydrogen fuel cell and lithium batteries, and carries out the analysis of the equipment and components that have a great impact on the total weight of the charging station system, and summarizes the design principles to improve the energy density of the charging station system. The energy density of the underwater charging station is comprehensively improved in the aspects of technical design, material selection, structure and technology. The maximum structural configuration of hydrogen and oxygen gas storage vessel is carried out. The oxyhydrogen fuel cell and its auxiliary system realize the compact and lightweight design. The standard pressure chamber also achieves a lightweight design under the condition of 300m underwater pressure operation. The design and calculation results show that the charging station has high energy density, simple engineering implementation and can meet the requirements of underwater closed environment operation.
Study on the High-Performance Catalyst for Sulfuric Acid Decomposition in the IS Cycle
Authors: Zhang Peng , Chen Songzhe , Wang Laijun , Zhang Ping 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe iodine-sulfur cycle coupled with a high-temperature gas-cooled reactor is a clean and efficient hydrogen production technology. The sulfuric acid decomposition reaction is the highest temperature process in the iodine-sulfur cycle, which requires 850 °C high temperature and catalyst to carry out at a high conversion rate. This study prepared a series of loaded sulfuric acid decomposition catalysts using anatase TiO2 and Ta2O5 as catalyst carriers and precious metal Pt as the active component. XRD, BET, and ICP-MS characterization of the catalysts demonstrated that the high calcination temperature could increase the crystallinity and content of the active components and decrease the specific surface area of the catalysts. The Pt/TiO2-850 catalyst showed good performance under different feed concentrations, reaction temperatures, and particle sizes. In addition, the scale-up production does not affect the Pt/TiO2-850 catalyst reaction performance. The Pt/TiO2-850 catalyst was tested in a bayonet-tube SiC reactor with a 100-h high throughput lifetime, which proved that the Pt/TiO2-850 catalyst has good stability.
Electrolysis Visualization and Performance Evaluation Platform for Commercial-Sized Alkaline Water Electrolyzer
Authors: Wang Tao , Wang Jinyi , Wang Pengjie , Ren Zhibo , Peng Chao 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAlkaline water electrolysis (AWE) is promising for large-scale commercial production of green hydrogen, but large overpotential hinders their promotion. In order to reduce energy consumption, structure design of bipolar plate is crucial, which calls for a deep understanding of the flow behavior such as flow distribution and product bubble motion inside of the electrolyzers, thus requiring electrolysis visualization and evaluation. But due to challenge of structure design and proper sealing performance, related system/devices for commercial-sized electrolyzer are rare. In the present work, we construct an electrolytic visualization and performance testing system by using 3D computer aided design. Using precision CNC machining of transparent electrolyzer, the internal flow of different structures can be visualized, and the performance of the electrolyzer can be tested simultaneously. Based on the system, two common structured electrolyzer design are investigated, namely concave and convex bipolar plate (CCBP) and metal mesh support electrolyzer. The results indicate that a better flow uniformity is crucial for lower overpotential and the inferior performance of mesh structured electrolyzer at large current density results from bubble impediment in the mesh structure. The current platform can be applied as a general tool for convenient multi-phase investigation and performance evaluation of different structure design components during water electrolysis at a low cost.
Design of Membrane Electrode Assembly with Non-precious Metal Catalyst for Self-humidifying Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell
Authors: Liu Jing , Zhang Tong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHigh cost is one of the key factors restricting the industrialization and commercialization of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). In this paper, a low-cost membrane electrode assembly (MEA) is prepared by using a self-made non-precious metal catalyst. Through the polarization curve test of fuel cell, the optimal loading of Fe-N-S-C catalyst and the optimal ratio with Nafion ionomer are studied. When the loading of Fe-N-S-C catalyst is 2.0 mg cm−2 and the ratio of Nafion ionomer to Fe-N-S-C catalyst is 3:7, the performance of the PEMFC is the best. The performance of MEA under different relative humidity (RH) and inlet pressure is also explored. The experimental results show that the MEA can still maintain good performance under the condition of 40% RH, which shows that this MEA has a certain self-humidifying ability. Because the non-precious metal catalyst layer is too thick, the performance of PEMFC can be improved by increasing the inlet pressure appropriately. The durability of MEA with non-precious metal catalyst is poor, and there is still a lot of work to be done to improve the stability and durability.
Capacity Optimization of a Renewable Energy System Coupled with Large-Scale Hydrogen Production and Storage
Authors: Zhang Sheng , Wang Xin , Li Bo , Dai Jianfeng , Zheng Jinyang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHybrid renewable energy and hydrogen energy systems have been proved to be a reliable and cost competitive option for power generation and hydrogen supply. However, the inappropriate capacity of hydrogen production and storage may result in out-of-balance of the power supply side and the hydrogen consumption side. In this paper, a simplified mathematical modeling of the hybrid energy system, including power generation, hydrogen production and storage has been presented to optimize the capacity of alkaline electrolyzer and hydrogen storage tank. Multi-objective functions are adopted in the capacity optimization model, including abandoned rate of renewable power, hydrogen supply fluctuation, and utilization efficiency of electrolyzer and hydrogen storage tank. A meta-heuristic algorithm (i.e., improved multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm) is chosen to solve the model. A hybrid energy system with a distributed photovoltaic power station with the rated power of 7000 kW has been designed to satisfy the hydrogen demand of 720 kg/d of a chemical plant. The results reveal that the optimal capacity configuration of the hybrid energy system is 4971 kW for the alkaline electrolyzer and 937 Nm3 for hydrogen storage tank during a period of 8760 h. Compared with the empirical model and single-objective optimization model, the proposed multi-objective optimization model is found helpful to optimize the capacity of hybrid energy system and gives better results regarding renewable energy utilization rate, equipment usage rate, and hydrogen supply stability.
Enhancement of Acidic HER by Fe Doped CoP with Bimetallic Synergy
Authors: Gao Yuanfeng , Lv Hong , Sun Yongwen , Yao Han , Hu Ding , Zhang Cunman 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCompared to single metal site catalysis, the bimetallic synergistic strategy can exploit the complementary ability of different active sites for active species uptake and desorption to develop excellent catalysts. Pure phase metal phosphides are a disadvantage as a promising electrocatalyst for platinum-free hydrogen precipitation with either too strong or too weak adsorption of hydrogen. Here, synthetic Fe-doped CoP particles anchored with MWCNTs, which exhibited excellent catalytic performance for HER, required an overpotential of 123 mV to reach 10 mA cm−2, with a Tafel slope of 58.8 mV dec−1. It was found experimentally that Fe doping improved the conductivity of the catalyst regulated the electronic structure of CoP, and optimized the overall hydrogen adsorption energy of the catalyst. The difference in hydrogen adsorption strength of Fe, Co is used to break the symmetry constraint of single active center and improve the intrinsic activity of the catalyst, a strategy that can be used to guide the preparation of inexpensive and high performance catalysts.
Development and Validation of a 100 kW-Class Fuel Cell System Controller for Passenger Cars
Authors: Liu Ze , Xu Sichuan , Zhang Baitao 
Published: January 2024

AbstractFuel cell (FC) vehicle is an important technology route to achieve carbon neutrality in transportation. This paper examines the integration, system control, and performance test of a high-power self-humidifying fuel cell system for passenger cars. Firstly, a high specific power FC system integration scheme is designed, and a highly integrated 100 kW self-humidifying fuel cell system is realized based on the installation requirements of passenger cars. Then, the system controller application layer is developed using Matlab/Simulink and the controller rapid development prototype for complete closed-loop control of each subsystem, such as hydrogen supply, air supply, cooling, and electrical management. Finally, the performance dynamics experiment of the 100 kW FC system is conducted based on the developed system controller. The results show that the developed system controller provides high-quality control effects of operating parameters such as air flow and pressure, hydrogen supply pressure, and cooling water temperature for the stack to meet different operating requirements. The highest efficiency of the system reaches 62%, and the coefficient of variation (Cv) of the cell voltages is controlled to be less than 1%. This study contribute to accelerate the deployment and application of high-power FC systems in passenger cars.
Dual-Layer Characteristic Temperature Model for AWES Dynamic Thermal Detection Based on IR
Authors: Shangguan Zixuan , Zhang Cunman 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWith the increasing application of the AWES, the dynamic thermal detection of the electrolyzer inspires great interest. The dimension of dynamic thermal detection of the AWES is currently limited to only the inlet and outlet temperatures. This study proposes a dual-layer characteristics temperature model for AWES temperature monitoring. The DLCT model deals with the difficulty of extracting characteristic temperature with its first layer of multi gaussian distribution regression. The second layer model can clarify the disturbing signal using linear regression and provide a quantized temperature distribution pattern of the surface temperature. This DLCT model does not require additional modifications to the AWES, nor any temperature sensor inside or on its surface. With the DLCT model implemented during dynamic operation, the AWES can be more comprehensive monitored, and more insights can be gathered regarding the DLCT for better thermal uniformity.
Process Simulation of Green Ammonia Production Via Sorption-Enhanced Gasification of Biomass
Authors: Dziva Godknows , Zeng Liang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAmmonia is a crucial hydrogen carrier. This paper explores small-scale green ammonia production from two-stage sorption-enhanced gasification of biomass. ASPEN Plus was used to calculate the mass and energy balance of two novel process designs; configuration (a) employs fractional flue gas recycling to supply nitrogen for producing carbon-neutral ammonia without air separation, and configuration (b) uses air separation to produce carbon-negative ammonia by efficiently capturing CO2. The mass balance shows that the ammonia yield of configuration (a) is about 5% higher than that of configuration (b). The energy analysis shows that additional biomass fed to the combustor is the primary energy penalty in configuration (a), while the primary energy penalty in configuration (b) is from the electricity consumption by the ASU and CO2 compressor. The energy penalty for configuration (a) is considerably higher than that for configuration (b); hence, configuration (b) has lower energy consumption.(36.4 GJ/t NH3 vs. 40.2 GJ/t NH3). Overall, configuration (b) is superior to configuration (a) from a techno-environmental standpoint.
Landscape regulation of microbial use of terrestrial carbon in boreal streams
Authors: Bastias Elliot , Jonsson Micael 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMicrobes decomposing leaf litter in aquatic ecosystems are exposed to two major sources of carbon (C), namely, particulate organic C (POC) and dissolved organic C (DOC). The use of DOC relative to POC during litter decomposition likely depends on the availability of DOC, which in turn is regulated by the characteristics of the surrounding landscape, although this extrinsic indirect control of DOC use remains largely unexplored. We have investigated how variations in stream physical and chemical characteristics, distribution of major landscape elements (i.e., forest, mires, and lakes), and riparian vegetation community composition (i.e., relative cover of deciduous vs. coniferous tree species) influence DOC use by leaf-associated microbes (LAM). Specifically, in a boreal stream network of ten first- to third-order streams, we related in-stream characteristics, landscape elements, and riparian vegetation community composition to DOC/POC respiration ratios (i.e., the amount of CO2 produced by LAM respiration of DOC + POC divided by the amount of leaf C mass lost through decomposition). The results showed that DOC/POC respiration ratios were > 1 in most of the study sites, indicating that LAM use a substantial amount of DOC during leaf litter decomposition. This microbial reliance on DOC varied with in-stream DOC and nutrient concentrations, proportional mire and forest cover, and riparian vegetation community composition. In particular, high mire and coniferous cover increased DOC use by LAM. As such, landscape configuration and how it is modified by land use and climate change must be considered in order to understand microbial turnover of terrestrial C in boreal streams.
Acculturation and glycaemic control in Arab immigrants with type 2 diabetes in Australia
Authors: Alzubaidi Hamzah , Oliveira Vitor H. , Samorinha Catarina , Mc Namara Kevin , Shaw Jonathan E. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
This study aimed to investigate acculturation’s direct and mediated effects on HbA1c levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes from Arabic-speaking countries that are members of the Arab League who have emigrated to Australia.

Methods
In this multicentre cross-sectional study, we recruited 382 Arabic-speaking immigrants who were born in any of the 22 countries of the Arab League and who had type 2 diabetes from different healthcare settings in Australia. HbA1c levels were retrieved from medical records. A validated self-report questionnaire was used to assess behavioural and psychosocial outcomes. Acculturation was measured using the General Acculturation Index and the Adherence to Traditional Values tool. We used structural equation modelling to test mediation hypotheses.

Results
Participants had a mean HbA1c value of 63.9 mmol/mol (8.0%), a low acculturation level (mean±SD: 1.9±0.6; range: 1–5) and highly adhered to traditional values (mean General Acculturation Index value: 3.7±0.7; range: 1–5). Higher HbA1c was associated with lower acculturation levels (Pearson correlation coefficient [r] = −0.32, p<0.01) and higher adherence to traditional values (r=0.35, p<0.01). Self-efficacy, health literacy and self-care activities partially mediated the relationship between acculturation and HbA1c.

Conclusions/interpretation
Among Arab immigrants in Australia with type 2 diabetes, the degree of acculturation is related to glycaemic control, suggesting possible avenues for new interventions.

Graphical Abstract
A new peucemycin derivative and impacts of peuR and bldA on peucemycin biosynthesis in Streptomyces peucetius
Authors: Magar Rubin Thapa , Pham Van Thuy Thi , Poudel Purna Bahadur , Bridget Adzemye Fovennso , Sohng Jae Kyung 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Streptomyces peucetius ATCC 27952 is known to produce a variety of secondary metabolites, including two important antitumor anthracyclines: daunorubicin and doxorubicin. Identification of peucemycin and 25-hydroxy peucemycin (peucemycin A), as well as their biosynthetic pathway, has expanded its biosynthetic potential. In this study, we isolated a new peucemycin derivative and identified it as 19-hydroxy peucemycin (peucemycin B). Its antibacterial activity was lower than those of peucemycin and peucemycin A. On the other hand, this newly identified peucemycin derivative had higher anticancer activity than the other two compounds for MKN45, NCI-H1650, and MDA-MB-231 cancer cell lines with IC50 values of 76.97 µM, 99.68 µM, and 135.2 µM, respectively. Peucemycin biosynthetic gene cluster revealed the presence of a SARP regulator named PeuR whose role was unknown. The presence of the TTA codon in the peuR and the absence of global regulator BldA in S. peucetius reduced its ability to regulate the peucemycin biosynthetic gene cluster. Hence, different mutants harboring these genes were prepared. S. peucetius bldA25 harboring bldA produced 1.75 times and 1.77 times more peucemycin A (11.8 mg/L) and peucemycin B (21.2 mg/L), respectively, than the wild type. On the other hand, S. peucetius R25 harboring peuR produced 1.86 and 1.79 times more peucemycin A (12.5 mg/L) and peucemycin B (21.5 mg/L), respectively, than the wild type. Finally, strain S. peucetius bldAR25 carrying bldA and peuR produced roughly 3.52 and 2.63 times more peucemycin A (23.8 mg/L) and peucemycin B (31.5 mg/L), respectively, than the wild type.

Key points
• This study identifies a new peucemycin derivative, 19-hydroxy peucemycin (peucemycin B).
• The SARP regulator (PeuR) acts as a positive regulator of the peucemycin biosynthetic gene cluster.
• The overexpression of peuR and heterologous expression of bldA increase the production of peucemycin derivatives.
Analysis of neural networks for routine classification of sixteen ultrasound upper abdominal cross sections
Authors: Lawley Alistair , Hampson Rory , Worrall Kevin , Dobie Gordon 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPurposeAbdominal ultrasound screening requires the capture of multiple standardized plane views as per clinical guidelines. Currently, the extent of adherence to such guidelines is dependent entirely on the skills of the sonographer. The use of neural network classification has the potential to better standardize captured plane views and streamline plane capture reducing the time burden on operators by combatting operator variability.MethodsA dataset consisting of 16 routine upper abdominal ultrasound scans from 64 patients was used to test the classification accuracy of 9 neural networks. These networks were tested on both a small, idealised subset of 800 samples as well as full video sweeps of the region of interest using stratified sampling and transfer learning.ResultsThe highest validation accuracy attained by both GoogLeNet and InceptionV3 is 83.9% using transfer learning and the large sample set of 26,294 images. A top-2 accuracy of 95.1% was achieved using InceptionV3. Alexnet attained the highest accuracy of 79.5% (top-2 of 91.5%) for the smaller sample set of 800 images. The neural networks evaluated during this study were also successfully able to identify problematic individual cross sections such as between kidneys, with right and left kidney being accurately identified 78.6% and 89.7%, respectively.ConclusionDataset size proved a more important factor in determining accuracy than network selection with more complex neural networks providing higher accuracy as dataset size increases and simpler linear neural networks providing better results where the dataset is small.
An unusual presentation of de novo RAC3 variation in prenatal diagnosis
Authors: Meunier Colombine , Cassart Marie , Kostyla Karole , Simonis Nicolas , Monestier Olivier , Tessier Aude 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPathogenic variants in RAC3 cause a neurodevelopmental disorder with brain malformations and craniofacial dysmorphism, called NEDBAF. This gene encodes a small GTPase, which plays a critical role in neurogenesis and neuronal migration. We report a 31 weeks of gestation fetus with triventricular dilatation, and temporal and perisylvian polymicrogyria, without cerebellar, brainstem, or callosal anomalies. Trio whole exome sequencing identified a RAC3 (NM_005052.3, GRCh38) probably pathogenic de novo variant c.276 T>A p.(Asn92Lys). Eighteen patients harboring 13 different and essentially de novo missense RAC3 variants were previously reported. All the patients presented with corpus callosum malformations. Gyration disorders, ventriculomegaly (VM), and brainstem and cerebellar malformations have frequently been described. The only previous prenatal case associated with RAC3 variant presented with complex brain malformations, mainly consisting of midline and posterior fossa anomalies. We report the second prenatal case of NEDBAF presenting an undescribed pattern of cerebral anomalies, including VM and polymicrogyria, without callosal, cerebellar, or brainstem malformations. All neuroimaging data were reviewed to clarify the spectrum of cerebral malformations.