bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Active components from Artemisia iwayomogi displaying ONOO− scavenging activity
Authors: Kim Ae Ra , Zou Ya Ni , Park Tae Hyun , Shim Kyung Hee , Kim Min Sun , Kim Nam Deuk , Kim Jong Deog , Bae Song Ja , Choi Jae Sue , Chung Hae Young 
Published: January 2004

AbstractPeroxynitrite (ONOO−) is one of cytotoxic species produced by the reaction between superoxide (•O2−) and nitric oxide (NO). The main aim of this study was to identify ONOO− scavenging constituents from herbs. Methanolic extracts derived from one hundred thirty eight herbs were screened out for their ONOO− scavenging activities. Twenty herbs showed excellent ONOO− scavenging activity in a dose dependent manner. Of them, Artemisia iwayomogi, which showed the highest activity, was fractioned with several solvents. The ONOO− scavenging activity of fractions was in order of ethyl acetate (EtOAc) > n‐butanol (BuOH) > dichloromethane (CH2Cl2) > water (H2O) fraction. The EtOAc and the n‐BuOH fractions were further puriﬁed to isolate active principles by column chromatography. Apigenin 7‐methylether (genkwanin), apigenin 7,4′‐di‐O methylether, jaceosidin, and scopoletin from the EtOAc fraction and chlorogenic acid, 2,4‐dihydroxy 6‐methoxy acetophenone 4‐O‐β‐D‐glucoside, quebrachitol, and scopolin from the n‐BuOH fraction were identiﬁed. The scavenging activities of chlorogenic acid (IC50 = 0.52 ± 0.04 µM), genkwanin (IC50 = 1.01 ± 0.10 µM), and scopoletin (IC50 = 1.03 ± 0.15 µM) were higher than or comparable to a well‐known ONOO− scavenger, penicillamine (IC50 = 1.76 ± 0.18 µM), suggesting that those compounds might be developed as effective ONOO− scavengers for, prevention of the ONOO−‐involved diseases. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparative controlled study of Andrographis paniculata fixed combination, Kan Jang® and an Echinacea preparation as adjuvant, in the treatment of uncomplicated respiratory disease in children
Authors: Spasov A. A. , Ostrovskij O. V. , Chernikov M. V. , Wikman G. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractA three‐arm study comparing the efﬁcacy of Kan Jang, a ﬁxed herbal combination containing standardized Andrographis paniculata (N.) SHA‐10 extract, with Immunal, a preparation containing Echinacea purpurea (L.) extract, in uncomplicated common colds was carried out in 130 children aged between 4 and 11 years over a period of 10 days. The study was designed as an adjuvant treatment of Kan Jang and Immunal with a standard treatment. The patients were assigned to one of the three groups. In control group C; 39 patients received only standard treatment. Kan Jang and Immunal were used as an adjuvant to this therapy in the other two groups. Adjuvant group A; 53 patients treated with Kan Jang tablets concomitant to standard treatment, and adjuvant control group B; 41 patients treated with concomitant Immunal. It was found that the adjuvant treatment with Kan Jang, was signiﬁcantly more effective than Immunal, when started at an early stage of uncomplicated common colds. The symptoms of the disease were less severe in the Kan Jang group. The effect of Kan Jang was particularly pronounced in two objective parameters, amount of nasal secretion g/day and nasal congestion. Kan Jang also accelerated the recovery time, whereas Immunal did not show the same efﬁcacy. The use of standard medication was signiﬁcantly less in the Kan Jang adjuvant group than in either the Immunal or standard treatment group. Kan Jang treatment was well tolerated and no side effects or adverse reactions were reported. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Emblica ofﬁcinalis causes myocardial adaptation and protects against oxidative stress in ischemic‐reperfusion injury in rats
Authors: Rajak S , Banerjee S. K. , Sood S , Dinda A. K. , Gupta Y. K. , Gupta S. K. , Maulik S. K. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThe fruits of Emblica ofﬁcinalis (Amla) are widely used in the Indian System of Medicine and are believed to increase defense against disease. In the present study, the effects of chronic oral administration of fresh fruit homogenate of Amla on: (i) myocardial antioxidant system and (ii) oxidative stress induced by ischemic‐reperfusion injury (IRI) in rat heart were investigated. Fresh amla fruit homogenate, in three different doses (250, 500 and 750 mg/kg) and normal saline (C) were administered orally to Wistar albino rats (120–150 gms) of either sex daily for 30 days. There was reduction in basal myocardial lipid peroxidation, as evidenced by decreased thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) level, and augmentation of myocardial endogenous antioxidants, like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in the treated rats. Hearts were also subjected to in vitro IRI (9 min of global ischemia, followed by 12 min of reperfusion, Langendorff's mode). Signiﬁcant myocyte injury and rise in myocardial TBARS along with depletion of SOD, catalase, GSH (reduced glutathione) and GPx occurred in the control group. No signiﬁcant increase in myocardial TBARS and depletion of antioxidant enzymes were observed in the treated groups. Myocyte injury was evident only in 250 mg/kg group. The results indicate that chronic Emblica ofﬁcinalis administration causes myocardial adaptation by augmenting endogenous antioxidants and protects rat hearts from oxidative stress associated with ischemic‐reperfusion injury. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inhibitory activity of flavonoids from Lychnophora sp. on generation of reactive oxygen species by neutrophils upon stimulation by immune complexes
Authors: Kanashiro A. , Kabeya L. M. , Polizello A. C. M. , Lopes N. P. , Lopes J. L. C. , Lucisano‐Valim Y. M. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractFormation of circulating immune complexes (ICs) is essential for clearance of invading agents. In some circumstances ICs might deposit on host tissues, leading to an inﬂammatory process that involves massive activation of neutrophils (PMNs), release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lysosomal enzymes and damage to the host tissue. Extracts of plants from Lychnophora sp. are used in Brazilian folk medicine as antiinﬂammatory agents. In this study, we evaluated the effect of eight ﬂavonoids isolated from L. granmongolense, L. salicifolia and L. ericoides on the generation of ROS by rabbit PMNs stimulated with two kinds of ICs: particles of serum‐opsonized zymosan (OZ) and insoluble ICs (ICIgG). ROS production was measured by chemiluminescence (CL) assay. We observed that 5‐ and 7‐ dihydroxylated compounds at 5 µmol/L inhibited almost totally ICIgG‐ and OZ‐triggered luminol‐CL and OZ‐triggered lucigenin‐CL. The degree of inhibitory effect among the other ﬂavonoids was different, depending on the kind of ICs used to trigger ROS generation by PMNs and the number and position of methoxy groups. Moreover, under the conditions assessed, the studied ﬂavonoids were not toxic to the rabbit PMNs. These results suggest that the actions of ﬂavonoids on ROS generation by stimulated PMNs are highly dependent on their structures. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cytotoxic activity of Hypericum perforatum L. on K562 erythroleukemic cells: differential effects between methanolic extract and hypericin
Authors: Roscetti Gianna , Franzese Ornella , Comandini Alessandro , Bonmassar Enzo 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThe influence of a methanolic extract of Hypericum perforatum L. and of puriﬁed hypericin has been comparatively tested on the growth of a human erythroleukemic cell line (K562). After 1 h exposure to increasing concentrations (as hypericin content) of both agents in the dark, leukemic cells were grown for 24 h and 48 h. The effects on cell growth were determined by viable cell count, flow cytometry analysis and fluorescence microscopy. Our data show that puriﬁed hypericin has only a weak inhibitory effect on cell growth and no effect in inducing apoptotic cell death. In contrast, the Hypericum flower extract shows a signiﬁcant concentration‐dependent and long‐lasting inhibition of cell growth, and induces apoptotic cell death. This work conﬁrms the interesting role of Hypericum perforatum L. in cancer therapy and strongly supports the hypothesis that agents, other than hypericin, present in the total extract can impair tumor cell growth acting separately or in a combined manner. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of medicinal plants of Islamabad and Murree region of Pakistan on insulin secretion from INS‐1 cells
Authors: Hussain Zakir , Waheed Abdul , Qureshi Rizwana Aleem , Burdi Dadu Khan , Verspohl Eugen J. , Khan Naeema , Hasan Mashooda 
Published: January 2004

AbstractIn vitro testing of the extracts of medicinal plants collected from Islamabad and the Murree region on insulin secretagogue activity was carried out. Dried ethanol extracts of all plants (ZH1‐ZH19) were dissolved in ethanol and DMSO, and tested at various concentrations (between 1 and 40 µg/mL) for insulin release from INS‐1 cells in the presence of 5.5 mM glucose. Glibenclamide was used as a control. Promising insulin secretagogue activity in various plant extracts at 1, 10, 20 and 40 µg/mL was found, while in some cases a decrease in insulin secretion was also observed. Artemisia roxburghiana, Salvia coccinia and Monstera deliciosa showed insulin secretagogue activity at 1 µg/mL (p < 0.05) while Abies pindrow, Centaurea iberica and Euphorbia helioscopia were active at 10 µg/mL (p < 0.05). Extracts of Bauhinia variegata and Bergenia himalacia showed effects at 20 µg/mL (p < 0.05), and Taraxacum ofﬁcinale and Viburnum foetens at 40 µg/mL (p < 0.05). Insulin secretagogue activity could not be detected in the extracts of Adhatoda vasica, Cassia ﬁstula, Chrysanthemum leucanthemum, Morus alba, Plectranthus rugosus, Peganum harmala and Olea ferruginea. The results suggest that medicinal plants of Islamabad and the Murree region of Pakistan may be potential natural resources for antidiabetic compounds. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anti‐inﬂammatory activity, cytotoxicity and active compounds of Tinospora smilacina Benth.
Authors: Li Rachel W. , Leach David N. , Myers Stephen P. , Leach Gregory J. , Lin G. David , Brushett Donald J. , Waterman Peter G. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractTinospora smilacina Benth. has been used in Australian indigenous medicine for the treatment of headache, rheumatoid arthritis and other inﬂammatory disorders. As part of an investigation into the anti‐inﬂammatory potential of plants using an ethnopharmacological approach, the present study sought to evaluate the efﬁcacy and safety of Tinospora smilacina. An ethanol extract of this plant was evaluated in vitro for anti‐inﬂammatory activities on cyclooxygenase‐1 (COX‐1), cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2), 5‐lipoxygenase (5‐LO) and phospholipase A2 (PA2). The ethanol extract of Tinospora smilacina showed inhibitory activities on COX‐1, COX‐2, 5‐LO and PA2 with the IC50 values of 63.5, 81.2, 92.1 and 30.5 µg/mL respectively. Cytotoxic effect of the extracts of Tinospora smilacina was investigated in vitro using ATP‐based luminescence assay and the results showed no cytotoxic effect on cell lines of skin ﬁbroblasts (1BR3), human Caucasian hepatocyte carcinoma (Hep G2) and human Caucasian promyelocytic leukaemia (HL‐60). This paper also describes the results of fractionations and bioassay guided chemical studies, suggesting that the anti‐inﬂammatory activity is due to triterpene‐fatty acid esters and free fatty acids. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ab initio analysis of some fluoride and oxide structures doped with Pr and Yb
Authors: Rivas‐Silva J. F. , Flores‐Riveros A. , Durand‐Niconoff J. S. , Aquino N. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractDoping effects are analyzed by means of the ab initio perturbed ion (aiPI) method via substitution of the fluorides and oxides of zirconium, hafnium, and thorium. Lattice relaxation is simulated through the calculation of vibrational breathing modes and substitutional effects on the compound are thereby analyzed. In addition, the band gaps (in the pure species) and impurity levels (where substitutional ions Pr+4 and Yb+3 are considered in the doped species) of the fluorides are estimated via the transition energy calculated at the aiPI‐optimized geometry of the pure and doped crystal clusters by means of the configuration interaction with single excitations (CIS) method that accounts for electronic correlation. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2004
Experimental validation of theoretical potassium and sodium cation affinities of amides by mass spectrometric kinetic method measurements
Authors: Tsang Yuet , Siu Fung Ming , Ho Chung Shun , Ma Ngai Ling , Tsang Chun Wai 
Published: January 2004

AbstractIn this study the theoretical Gaussian‐2 K+/Na+ binding affinities (enthalpies) at 0 K (in kJ mol−1) for six amides in the order: formamide (109.2/138.5) < N‐methylformamide (117.7/148.6) < acetamide (118.7/149.5) < N,N‐dimethylformamide (123.9/156.4) < N‐methylacetamide (125.6/157.7) < N,N‐dimethylacetamide (129.2/162.6), reported previously (Siu et al., J. Chem. Phys. 2001; 114: 7045–7051), were validated experimentally by mass spectrometric kinetic method measurements. By monitoring the collision‐induced dissociation (CID) of K+/Na+‐bound heterodimers of the amides, the relative affinities were shown to be accurate to within ±2 kJ mol−1. With these six theoretical K+/Na+ binding affinities as reference values, the absolute K+/Na+ affinities of imidazole, 1‐methylimidazole, pyridazine and 1,2‐dimethoxyethane were determined by the extended kinetic method, and found to be consistent (to within ±9 kJ mol−1) with literature experimental values obtained by threshold‐CID, equilibrium high‐pressure mass spectrometry, and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance/ligand‐exchange equilibrium methods. A self‐consistent resolution is proposed for the inconsistencies in the relative order of K+/Na+ affinities of amides reported in the literature. These two sets of validated K+ and Na+ affinity values are useful as reference values in kinetic method measurements of K+/Na+ affinity of model biological ligands, such as the K+ affinities of aliphatic amino acids. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Increasing throughput of parallel on‐line extraction liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry system for GLP quantitative bioanalysis in drug development
Authors: Hsieh Showchien , Tobien Tom , Koch Kevin , Dunn John 
Published: January 2004

AbstractAn approach is described with turbulent flow on‐line extraction liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐ESI‐MS/MS) for GLP quantitative bioanalysis of a drug candidate. Two systems were built in‐house with standard laboratory parts and equipments. One system consisted of one gradient HPLC pump, one isocratic pump, one ten‐port valve, two turbulent flow columns, one analytical column, one autosampler and one mass spectrometer. Using this system, an injection‐to‐injection cycle time of 0.8 min was achieved. By adding an additional valve, another analytical column and an isocratic pump, the injection‐to‐injection cycle time decreased to 0.4 min. Validation results from the two systems showed that precision and accuracy were acceptable for GLP quantitative analyses. The system was utilized to support sample bioanalysis of a drug candidate in a first‐time in‐human clinical trial. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantitative determination of the polypeptide motilin in rat plasma by externally calibrated liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Delinsky David C. , Hill Kimberly T. , White Catherine A. , Bartlett Michael G. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractWe present a method for the quantitation of motilin from rat plasma by protein precipitation and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS). Using external calibration, the method was linear over the concentration range 10–1000 ng/mL with an initial sample volume of 150 μL. The LC system included a C18 column with a 300 Å pore size. A linear gradient was used with a mobile phase consisting of water and acetonitrile, each with 0.2% acetic acid and 0.02% trifluoroacetic acid. Motilin was detected with the mass spectrometer in positive ion mode monitoring the 4+ charge state at m/z 675.5. The approximated limit of detection was less than 1 ng/mL and the lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) was 10 ng/mL. The method showed a high degree of precision and accuracy both within and between runs at five validation points, including the LLOQ. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Flexible Software Architecture for Hybrid Tracking
Authors: Ribo Miguel , Brandner Markus , Pinz Axel 
Published: January 2004

AbstractFusion of vision‐based and inertial pose estimation has many high‐potential applications in navigation, robotics, and augmented reality. Our research aims at the development of a fully mobile, completely self‐contained tracking system, that is able to estimate sensor motion from known 3D scene structure. This requires a highly modular and scalable software architecture for algorithm design and testing. As the main contribution of this paper, we discuss the design of our hybrid tracker and emphasize important features: scalability, code reusability, and testing facilities. In addition, we present a mobile augmented reality application, and several first experiments with a fully mobile vision‐inertial sensor head. Our hybrid tracking system is not only capable of real‐time performance, but can also be used for offline analysis of tracker performance, comparison with ground truth, and evaluation of several pose estimation and information fusion algorithms. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An Inertial and Visual Sensing System for a Small Autonomous Helicopter
Authors: Corke Peter 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThis paper describes the design and architecture of a low‐cost and light‐weight inertial and visual sensing system for a small‐scale autonomous helicopter. A custom 6‐axis IMU and a stereo vision system provide vehicle attitude, height, and velocity information. We discuss issues such as robust visual processing, motion resolution, dynamic range, and sensitivity. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Navigation Aided Image Processing in UAV Surveillance: Preliminary Results and Design of an Airborne Experimental System
Authors: Nygårds Jonas , Skoglar Per , Ulvklo Morgan , Högström Tomas 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThis paper describes an airborne reconfigurable measurement system being developed at Swedish Defence Research Agency (FOI), Sensor Technology, Sweden. An image processing oriented sensor management architecture for UAV (unmanned aerial vehicles) IR/EO‐surveillance is presented. Some preliminary results of navigation aided image processing in UAV applications are demonstrated, such as SLAM (simultaneous localization and mapping), structure from motion and geolocation, target tracking, and detection of moving objects. The design goal of the measurement system is to emulate a UAV‐mounted sensor gimbal using a stand‐alone system. The minimal configuration of the system consists of a gyro‐stabilized gimbal with IR and CCD sensors and an integrated high‐performance navigation system. The navigation system combines dGPS real‐time kinematics (RTK) data with data from an inertial measurement unit (IMU) mounted with reference to the optical sensors. The gimbal is to be used as an experimental georeferenced sensor platform, using a choice of carriers, to produce military relevant image sequences for studies of image processing and sensor control on moving surveillance and reconnaissance platforms. Furthermore, a high resolution synthetic environment, developed for sensor simulations in the visual and infrared wavelengths, is presented. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fusion of Vision and Inertial Data for Motion and Structure Estimation
Authors: Chroust S. G. , Vincze M. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThis paper presents a method to fuse measurements from a rigid sensor rig with a stereo vision system and a set of 6 DOF inertial sensors for egomotion estimation and external structure estimation. No assumptions about the sampling rate of the two sensors are made. The basic idea is a common state vector and a common dynamic description which is stored together with the time instant of the estimation. Every time one of the sensor sends new data, the corresponding filter equation is updated and a new estimation is generated. In this paper the filter equations for an extended Kalman filter are derived together with considerations of the tuning. Simulations with real sensor data show the successful implementation of this concept. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Vision Based Intelligent Wheel Chair Control: The Role of Vision and Inertial Sensing in Topological Navigation
Authors: Goedemé Toon , Nuttin Marnix , Tuytelaars Tinne , Van Gool Luc 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThis paper describes ongoing research on vision based mobile robot navigation for wheel chairs. After a guided tour through a natural environment while taking images at regular time intervals, natural landmarks are extracted to automatically build a topological map. Later on this map can be used for place recognition and navigation. We use visual servoing on the landmarks to steer the robot. In this paper, we investigate ways to improve the performance by incorporating inertial sensors. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Delayed reward‐based genetic algorithms for partially observable Markov decision problems
Authors: Yamashiro Yoshihide , Ueno Atsushi , Takeda Hideaki 
Published: January 2004

AbstractReinforcement learning often involves assuming Markov characteristics. However, the agent cannot always observe the environment completely, and in such cases, different states are observed as the same state. In this research, the authors develop a Delayed Reward‐based Genetic Algorithm for POMDP (DRGA) as a means to solve a partially observable Markov decision problem (POMDP) which has such perceptual aliasing problems. The DRGA breaks down the POMDP into several subtasks, and then solves the POMDP by breaking down the agent into several subagents. Each subagent acquires policies adapted to the environment based on the delayed rewards from the environment, and these policies are evolved using a genetic algorithm based on the delayed rewards. The agent adapts to the environment by combining effective policies that remain after natural selection. The authors apply this method to maze search problems in which perception is limited in order to demonstrate its validity. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 35(2): 66–78, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.10230
Deriving multiplication‐type FVQ/HMM from a new information‐source model and a viewpoint of information theory, and the relation of the model to discrete and continuous HMMs
Authors: Tsuboka Eiichi 
Published: January 2004

AbstractIn this paper the author formulates HMM from the standpoint of information theory. Based on this formulation, a multiplication‐type FVQ/HMM previously proposed by the author is derived from the inevitable results. In addition, conventional discrete and continuous HMMs can also be derived from this formulation, and are shown to represent special cases of the multiplication‐type FVQ/HMM. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 35(2): 59–65, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.10233