bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgical performance of dental students using computer‐assisted dynamic navigation and freehand approaches
Authors: Zhong Xinyi , Xing Yihan , Yan Juan , Chen Jieyin , Chen Zhuofan , Liu Quan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionNowadays, the training of implant placement has shifted from once entirely instructor–student teaching to the increasing use of computer‐assisted simulation. Based on computerized virtual planning, dynamic navigation has been used for implant placement with higher accuracy than the traditional freehand protocol. However, whether dynamic navigation benefits to the training of dental students in implant placement remains controversial. This study aimed to compare the surgical performance of dental students in implant placement using computer‐assisted dynamic navigation and freehand approaches.Materials and MethodsA total of 20 dental students (6 males, 14 females, age: 25.6 ± 0.5 years) were enrolled in this study. With the traditional freehand approach (training 1) as the control protocol, computer‐assisted dynamic navigation (training 2) was used in the training of dental students in implant placement. For each training, both the operating time (OT) of students and placement accuracy represented by the linear (at the implant platform, Dpl, and apex, Dap) and angular (Dan) deviations between the virtually planned and placed implants were recorded. Statistical comparisons were made between the two training protocols as well as male and female surgeons.ResultsOT2 was around twice of OT1 (p < .0001), whereas Dan1 was almost three times of Dan2 (p < .0001). Dap1 and Dpl1 were significantly higher than Dap2 (p = .014) and Dpl2 (p = .033) respectively. Besides, male students showed statistically higher Dpl1 (p = .033) and Dan1 (p = .002) than females. No significant difference was found between male and female students in OT1, OT2, Dpl2, Dap1, Dap2 and Dan2.ConclusionsWithin the limitations of this study, the use of computer‐assisted dynamic navigation in the preclinical training could improve the surgical performance of the dental students in implant placement. The combination of dynamic navigation with the traditional preclinical surgical training may benefit to dental students and could be applied in dental education.
Inhibition of striatal dopamine release by the L‐type calcium channel inhibitor isradipine co‐varies with risk factors for Parkinson's
Authors: Brimblecombe Katherine R. , Connor‐Robson Natalie , Bataille Carole J. R. , Roberts Bradley M. , Gracie Caitlin , O'Connor Bethan , te Water Naude Rebecca , Karthik Gayathri , Russell Angela J. , Wade‐Martins Richard , Cragg Stephanie J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCa2+ entry into nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) neurons and axons via L‐type voltage‐gated Ca2+ channels (LTCCs) contributes, respectively, to pacemaker activity and DA release and has long been thought to contribute to vulnerability to degeneration in Parkinson's disease. LTCC function is greater in DA axons and neurons from substantia nigra pars compacta than from ventral tegmental area, but this is not explained by channel expression level. We tested the hypothesis that LTCC control of DA release is governed rather by local mechanisms, focussing on candidate biological factors known to operate differently between types of DA neurons and/or be associated with their differing vulnerability to parkinsonism, including biological sex, α‐synuclein, DA transporters (DATs) and calbindin‐D28k (Calb1). We detected evoked DA release ex vivo in mouse striatal slices using fast‐scan cyclic voltammetry and assessed LTCC support of DA release by detecting the inhibition of DA release by the LTCC inhibitors isradipine or CP8. Using genetic knockouts or pharmacological manipulations, we identified that striatal LTCC support of DA release depended on multiple intersecting factors, in a regionally and sexually divergent manner. LTCC function was promoted by factors associated with Parkinsonian risk, including male sex, α‐synuclein, DAT and a dorsolateral co‐ordinate, but limited by factors associated with protection, that is, female sex, glucocerebrosidase activity, Calb1 and ventromedial co‐ordinate. Together, these data show that LTCC function in DA axons and isradipine effect are locally governed and suggest they vary in a manner that in turn might impact on, or reflect, the cellular stress that leads to parkinsonian degeneration.
Mesoscale spatial variability of ichthyoplankton in the Southwest Atlantic during the autumn–winter period
Authors: Santos Régis , Falcão Cristina , Cabral Elisabeth 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTo gain a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying spatial heterogeneity in ichthyoplankton communities in the SW Atlantic, we examined for the first time the latitudinal and continental shelf–slope gradients in ichthyoplankton structure and oceanographic features in the Campos Basin during the relaxation phase of coastal upwellings (late autumn to early winter). This region, located on SE Brazil's continental margin, is the most productive offshore oil basin in the country and has ecological relevance owing to the existence of areas that experiences mesoscale (tens to hundreds of kilometers) processes (eddies, filaments, and upwelling) caused by the interaction of continental shelf and slope circulation with deep water masses. The present study collected a total of 3892 fish eggs and 10,030 larvae from 36 sampling stations, averaging 22 eggs per 100 m3 and 56 larvae per 100 m3. A total of 250 taxa (5 for fish eggs and 248 for larvae) were identified, encompassing 80 families and 145 genera. Species distribution exhibited a considerable degree of spatial variability, which was related mostly to hydrological characteristics. In general, greater densities were associated with higher nutrient concentrations areas. Through distance‐based Redundancy Analysis, some discriminating species were found to associate with certain areas of the continental shelf characterized by colder temperatures. The ichthyoplankton distribution patterns suggested a potential influence from mesoscale oceanographic fronts, specifically those that induce upwelling of the cold and nutrient‐rich South Atlantic Central Water. Nonetheless, the methodologies used in this study faced challenges in distinctly identifying these processes.
High‐pressure homogenisation improves food quality of plant‐based milk alternatives
Authors: He Aien , Xu Baojun 
Published: November 2023

SummaryThere is a growing market for plant‐based milk products, but the consumer acceptance remains low when compared with cow milk. The aim of this study was to compare the physiochemical and organoleptic properties of plant‐based milk made from adzuki bean, adlay and oat, and to investigate the effects of using household and high‐pressure homogeniser on the physiochemical and sensory properties of plant‐based milk. The colour, pH, Brix value, suspension stability, total solid content, total soluble protein content, particle size distribution, steady‐shear rheological properties, microstructure and sensory attributes of the samples were determined. The lightness and Brix values of the plant‐based milk samples were increased 2.9%–9.6%, and 1%–5% after HPH, respectively, indicating the increase in total soluble protein content and the release of starch granules. The particle size of the samples reduced over 50%, and the viscosity apparently increased after HPH. Sensory evaluation showed that there was no significant difference in the acceptability of samples prepared by household and HPH, but the samples containing adzuki bean and oat had higher acceptance. In conclusion, HPH could significantly improve food quality of plant‐based milk products, more in‐depth research can be conducted to develop more acceptable plant‐based milk products with HPH technology.
The Role of Auditory Feedback in the Vocal Behavior of the Domestic Fowl1
Authors: Konishi Masakazu 
Published: November 2023

Summary1. A new deafening technique for day‐old chicks of the domestic fowl is described.2. Audiospectrographic comparisons of vocal signals were made between normal birds on the one hand and birds that had been experimentally deafened at an early age on the other. It was demonstrated that insofar as the types are concerned, the deaf birds could develop the normal repertoire and forms of vocalization. The detailed comparisons of sound structures are difficult because of individual variation and grading in the calls.3. One adult cock was deafened to determine the effects of deafening on the maintenance of its vocal signals. The result indicated that the forms of the calls studied here remained unchanged after deafening, although some change occurred in the detailed aspect of its crowing.4. Most vocal signals are morphologically discrete and tend to carry qualitatively different information. The quantitative aspect of environmental and motivational information is conveyed by grading of signals. Most signals can convey both types of information simultaneously. Several methods of achieving this purpose were described.5. The fact that the birds could develop and also maintain the normal repertoire and forms of their vocal signals without auditory feedback does not necessarily mean that the forms of the various vocal signals are determined by a centrally patterned motor command, although it is the most probable mechanism. The involvement of nonauditory feedback in the control of the central motor output has not yet been excluded in this case.Zusammenfassung1. Eine neue Methode des operativen Ertaubens frisch geschlüpfter Küken wird beschrieben.2. Klangspektrographische Vergleiche der Lautäußerungen bei hörenden und tauben Vögeln haben ergeben, daß die Entwicklung des Repertoires und der Formen der Laute bei den gehörlosen Individuen normal geschehen konnte, so weit es die Lauttypen betraf. Die individuellen und die innerhalb einer Lautform vorkommenden Variationen erschweren feinere Vergleiche der Laute beider Gruppen.3. Der Einfluß des Taubwerdens auf das Erhaltenbleiben der Lautformen wurde bei einem Hahn studiert. Die hier untersuchten Lautformen blieben alle erhalten, wenn auch das spektrographische Bild in gewissen Einzelheiten etwas verändert war.4. Die meisten Hühnerlaute sind deutlich unterscheidbar und pflegen qualitativ verschiedene Informationen zu übertragen. Die Übertragung der quantitativen Information über Umgebung und Stimmung der Tiere wird durch Abstufung der Lautsignale ermöglicht. Fast alle Lautsignale können die beiden Informationstypen gleichzeitig geben. Einige Weisen, auf die dieser Zweck erreicht wird, werden beschrieben.5. Die Tatsache, daß die tauben Vögel alle artgemäßen Laute entwickeln und bewahren konnten, beweist noch nicht endgültig das motorische Angeborensein all dieser Laute, doch ist es die wahrscheinlichste Erklärung. Daß nichtakustische Rückmeldungen die Lauterzeugung kontrollieren, ist in diesem Falle noch nicht experimentell ausgeschlossen.
Eye Ornamentation of Caribbean Reef Fishes
Authors: Thresher Ronald E. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractConsiderable emphasis has, in the past, been placed on the eye camouflage of a wide variety of animals, including fishes. Evidence from those fishes inhabiting Caribbean reefs indicates that eye ornamentation is much more common than their obliteration; this is probably due mainly to the ease with which reef fishes can avoid predators and the importance of the eyes as signals in intraspecific interactions. The similarities between eye ornamentation of these fishes and the concept of poster‐coloration are discussed.ZusammenfassungObwohl bisher die Augentarnung der Fische viel beachtet wurde, zeigt ein Vergleich der Arten, die karibische Riffe bewohnen, daß Hervorhebung der Augen häaufiger ist als Tarnung:1. In den meisten Fällen ist eine dunkle Pupille von einer stark kontrastie‐renden hellen Iris umrandet.2. Viele Arten haben außerdem noch andere Augenmarkierungen, wie Ringe oder ‘Brauen’ von abstechender Farbe.3. Die Hauptfarben der Umgebung der Augen (schwarz, blau und gelb) erhöhen noch den Kontrast.Die beiden Faktoren, die wahrscheinlich zur Entwicklung der Augen als Farbsignale führten, sind die Unfähigkeit eines Raubfisches, kleine Korallenfische bei Tageslicht zu erbeuten, wenn Farbsignale am auffälligsten sind, und die gut belegte Tatsache, daß Fischaugen in der arteigenen Verständigung eine Rolle spielen.
Sexual Behavior in the Cockroach Genera Periplaneta and Blatta
Authors: Simon David , Barth Robert H. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAs part of a study of sexual behavior in 6 species of closely related and often sympatric cockroaches, interspecific interactions among the various species were examined. To some degree ♂♂ of nearly all species court ♀♀ of a second species. ♀♀ almost always rejected these courtship attempts. Experimental evidence indicates that the volatile female sex pheromone of each species is attractive to ♂♂ of most of the other species. Rejection of heterospecific ♂♂ appears to be due to species specific male pheromones. These pheromones also appear to mediate the formation of homospecific clusters of courting ♂♂ in time or space.ZusammenfassungIn dieser Arbeit berichten wir über Beobachtungen zwischenartlicher Interaktionen von 6 Schabenarten der Gattungen Periplaneta und Blatta. Waren zwei verschiedene Arten in einem Käfig, so balzten die ♂♂ der einen Art fast immer auch vor den ♀♀ der anderen Art, bis das angebalzte Tier davonlief oder angriff. Bei den meisten Arten reagierten weder die ♀♀ noch die ♂♂ positiv auf die Balz. Die ♂♂ der verschiedenen Arten sonderten sich in vielen Fällen räumlich ab, oder sie balzten abwechselnd.Ähnlich verliefen die Interaktionen zwischen 4 Arten in größeren Käfigen. Die ♂♂ der verschiedenen Arten balzten auch unter diesen Bedingungen zeitlich getrennt. Nur die ♂♂ von P. australasiae und P. fuliginosa zeigten häufig interspezifische, homosexuelle Balz.Gruppen von ♂♂ wurden weiblichen Sexualpheromonen anderer Arten ausgesetzt. In allen getesteten Kombinationen kamen einige positive Reaktionen vor.Gemischte Gruppen von P. americana und P. fuliginosa wurden im Freien und unter Zuchtbedngungen beobachtet. Die Reaktionen waren in beiden Situationen gleich. Es kam weder zu interspezifischen Paarungen noch zu positiven Reaktionen auf die Balz, obwohl die ♂♂ beider Arten die ♀♀ der anderen Art anbalzten.Als potentielle Isolationsmechanismen sind die weiblichen Sexualpheromone weitgehend ungeeignet. Hauptisolationsmechanismen scheinen die männlichen Sexualpheromone zu sein, die von der Terga der ♂♂ stammen. Diese Pheromone können möglicherweise die Balz der anderen Arten unterdrücken oder die räumliche Trennung der zwei Arten herbeiführen. Homosexuelles Verhalten wird in Beziehung zur Unterscheidung der Geschlechter und zur Hybridisierung, die häufig vorkommt, kurz diskutiert.
Terrain Preferences in the Play Behavior of Siberian Ibex Kids (Capra ibex sibirica)
Authors: Byers John A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPlay behavior was studied in a captive group of Siberian ibex at the Chicago Zoological Park. The hypothesis that physical training effects were at least partially responsible for the evolution of play in this species was tested by noting the amounts of play which occurred on flat and on sloped surfaces. The kids showed a clear preference for play on sloped terrain, even though this choice resulted in considerably greater risks. The danger involved in highly active locomotor play performed on steeply sloped areas is presumably outweighed by the physical training benefit for an adult life spent moving in precipitous areas.
Explicit and implicit attitudes of occupational therapy workshops' staff towards people with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Kurtek Paweł 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe aim of this article is to present explicit and implicit attitudes of occupational therapy (OT) staff towards people with intellectual disabilities. The study was conducted on a group of 77 OT employees. To explore the explicit attitude, the Conditional Respect for Persons with Disabilities Questionnaire (Kurtek, Roczniki Psychologiczne, 2018, 4, 327–344) was used, while to estimate the implicit attitude, the Intellectual Disability Attitudes Implicit Association Test was applied (Kurtek, Roczniki Psychologiczne, 2021, 1, 43–64). At the explicit level, OT staff tended to tolerate negative and overrate positive behaviours of people with intellectual disabilities, which indicates a tendency to favour the individuals. However, the opposite devalorizing tendency was observed at the implicit dimension, which indicates aversive ableism. Although the study confirmed the independence of the two dimensions of the personnel's attitude, relationships were observed between the disclosure of negativity towards antagonistic behaviours of the people with intellectual disabilities and a decrease in the level of their implicit devaluation.
Deprescribing electronic case reviews for older veterans at risk for falls: Effects on drug burden and falls
Authors: Pavon Juliessa M. , Davidson Spencer , Sloane Richard , Pepin Marc , Bryan William , Bailey Janine , Igwe Ivuoma , Colon‐Emeric Cathleen 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundFalls are the most common medication‐related safety event in older adults. Deprescribing fall risk‐increasing drugs (FRIDs) may mitigate fall risk. This study assesses the effects of an innovative deprescribing program in reducing FRID burden and falls‐related acute visits over 1 year.MethodsThe Falls Assessment of Medications in the Elderly (FAME) Program is a pilot deprescribing program designed to improve medication safety in Veterans aged ≥65, screening positive for high fall risk at the Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System. Central case finding and electronic case reviews with deprescribing recommendations were completed by an interdisciplinary team, forwarded to prescribers for approval, then implemented during follow‐up telephone visits by FAME team. Primary outcome was change in FRID burden calculated by modified Drug Burden Index (DBI) at 1 year and an exploratory outcome was 1‐year fall‐related acute visits.ResultsOverall, 472 patients (236 intervention cases, 236 matched controls) were included in the study. Of the 236 patients receiving a FAME deprescribing plan, 147 had recommendations approved by prescriber and patient. In the intention‐to‐treat analysis, the 1‐year change in modified DBI was −0.15 (95% CI −0.23, −0.08) in the intervention cohort and −0.11 (−0.21, −0.00) in the matched control cohort (p = 0.47). The odds of increasing DBI by a clinically important threshold of 0.5 was significantly lower in the FAME cohort (OR 0.37, 0.21, 0.66). Fall‐related acute events occurred in 6.3% of patients in the intervention group versus 11.0% in control patients over a one‐year period (p = 0.10).ConclusionsThe program was associated with a significantly lower odds of further increasing FRID burden at 1 year compared to matched controls. An electronic case review and telephone counseling program has the potential to reduce drug‐related falls in high‐risk older adults.
Do repetitive botulinum neurotoxin injections induce muscle fibrosis? Sonographic observation of the masseter muscle
Authors: Koo Hyeon‐Jung , Hu Hyewon , Kim Wooram , Kim Ji‐Soo , Kim Hee‐Jin , Yi Kyu‐Ho 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveIn the esthetic field, the masseter muscle is commonly targeted by botulinum neurotoxin for facial contouring. However, multiple botulinum neurotoxin injections have been reported to cause muscle fibrosis. Ultrasonography can be useful for clinical consideration in such cases.Materials and MethodsThis study presents nine cases of masseteric fibrosis caused by repeated botulinum neurotoxin injections with ultrasonographic analysis of full and partial masseteric fibrosis.ResultsRepetitive botulinum neurotoxin injections resulted in reduced masseter muscle volume, which frequently appeared hyperechoic on ultrasonography. The hyperechoic region was mostly located in the deep and posterior portions; however, in some cases, it was observed throughout the muscle, including the superficial, deep, or both areas.ConclusionThe fibrotic masseter muscles appear hyperechoic, and ultrasonography is necessary to analyze the degree and location of fibrosis. Predictions can be made for cases in which botulinum neurotoxin injections may have less of an effect after ultrasonography. Because muscle fibrosis can be localized, it is necessary to confirm the degree and location of fibrosis before determining the effective area of injection. In clinical practice, muscle fibrosis may be visible in a specific area where blind injections are administered.
Circadian timing, melatonin and hippocampal volume in later‐life adults
Authors: Moon Chooza , Hoth Karin F. , Perkhounkova Yelena , Zhang Meina , Lee Jihye , Hein Maria , Hopkins Lauren , Magnotta Vincent , Burgess Helen J. 
Published: November 2023

SummaryHippocampal atrophy is a prominent neurodegenerative feature of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. Alterations in circadian rhythms can exacerbate cognitive aging and neurodegeneration. This study aimed to examine how dim light melatonin onset and melatonin levels are associated with hippocampal volume in cognitively healthy individuals. We studied data from 52 later‐life adults (mean age ± SD = 70.0 ± 6.3 years). T1‐weighted anatomical images from 3.0 T magnetic resonance imaging data were collected and processed using the BRAINSTools toolbox. Dim light melatonin onset was used to assess circadian timing. The area under the curve was calculated to quantify melatonin concentration levels 6 hr before bedtime, and 14‐day wrist actigraphy data were used to assess habitual bedtime. Multiple linear regression modelling with hippocampal volume as the dependent variable was used to analyse the data adjusting for age and sex. The average dim light melatonin onset was 19:45 hours (SD = 84 min), and area under the curve of melatonin levels 6 hr before habitual bedtime was 38.4 pg ml−1 × hr (SD = 29.3). We found that later dim light melatonin onset time (b = 0.16, p = 0.005) and greater area under the curve of melatonin levels 6 hr before habitual bedtime (b = 0.05, p = 0.046) were associated with greater adjusted hippocampal volume. The time between dim light melatonin onset and the midpoint of sleep timing was not associated with hippocampal volume. The findings suggest that earlier circadian timing (dim light melatonin onset) and reduced melatonin may be associated with reduced hippocampal volume in older adults. Future research will help researchers utilize circadian rhythm information to delay brain aging.