bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The diagnostic value of the central vein sign in radiologically isolated syndrome
Authors: Landes‐Chateau Cassandre , Levraut Michael , Okuda Darin T. , Themelin Albert , Cohen Mikael , Kantarci Orhun H. , Siva Aksel , Pelletier Daniel , Mondot Lydiane , Lebrun‐Frenay Christine ,   on behalf RISConsortium
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe radiologically isolated syndrome (RIS) represents the earliest detectable preclinical phase of multiple sclerosis (MS). Increasing evidence suggests that the central vein sign (CVS) enhances lesion specificity, allowing for greater MS diagnostic accuracy. This study evaluated the diagnostic performance of the CVS in RIS.MethodsPatients were prospectively recruited in a single tertiary center for MS care. Participants with RIS were included and compared to a control group of sex and age‐matched subjects. All participants underwent 3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging, including postcontrast susceptibility‐based sequences, and the presence of CVS was analyzed. Sensitivity and specificity were assessed for different CVS lesion criteria, defined by proportions of lesions positive for CVS (CVS+) or by the absolute number of CVS+ lesions.Results180 participants (45 RIS, 45 MS, 90 non‐MS) were included, representing 5285 white matter lesions. Among them, 4608 were eligible for the CVS assessment (970 in RIS, 1378 in MS, and 2260 in non‐MS). According to independent ROC comparisons, the proportion of CVS+ lesions performed similarly in diagnosing RIS from non‐MS than MS from non‐MS (p = 0.837). When a 6‐lesion CVS+ threshold was applied, RIS lesions could be diagnosed with an accuracy of 87%. MS could be diagnosed with a sensitivity of 98% and a specificity of 83%. Adding OCBs or Kappa index to CVS biomarker increased the specificity to 100% for RIS diagnosis.InterpretationThis study shows evidence that CVS is an effective imaging biomarker in differentiating RIS from non‐MS, with similar performances to those in MS.
Just pass it: NAATP backs both SUPPORT Act versions
Authors: Knopf Alison 
Published: January 2024

The SUPPORT Act reauthorization was passed five years ago, but has yet to be funded. In December before Congress went on vacation for the holiday, the House of Representations passed their version of the new bill, H.R. 4531 (H.R.4531 ‐ Support for Patients and Communities Reauthorization Act). Mark Dunn, lobbyist for the National Association of Addiction Treatment Providers (NAATP), reported back at the end of the year that this version “provides continued coverage for Medicaid individuals who are incarcerated and made positive changes to the IMD [Institution for Mental Diseases] exclusion,” as well as funding the previous programs. In the Senate, two committees advanced that version of the bill (S. 3393 SUPPORT Act). “The Senate bill provides a 70% increase in funding for training of mental health and substance use disorder professionals and a 25% increase in student loan forgiveness for counselors who practice in underserved areas,” Dunn reported. The Senate bill would require the federal government to study whether peer support individuals should be excluded if they have criminal histories, as some states already screen them out, which, as Dunn noted, “eliminates a segment of people in recovery.” NAATP has been advocating for passage and for many of the components included in both bills, Dunn said. “While all our priorities were not included, major advancements were made. We will continue to work with the various congressional leaders as the legislative process continues.” The next steps will be for the full Senate to consider and pass its version of the Support Act reauthorization, and then the two bodies will reconcile the two bills before final passage by both congressional bodies.
Fully Transparent Flexible Piezoelectric Sensing Materials Based on Electrospun PVDF and Their Device Applications
Authors: Qiu Xunlin , Bian Yuqing , Mei Xudong , Luo Xingsheng , Hu Zheng , Xuan Fu‐Zhen , Xiang Yanxun , Zhu Guodong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAdvanced transducer materials have become increasingly important with the rapid development of the internet of things and flexible electronics. Herein, fully transparent flexible polyvinylidene fluoride/polydimethylsiloxane (PVDF/PDMS) composite piezoelectric films are fabricated using scrape coating techniques based on electrospun PVDF nanofiber films. Compared to the electrospun PVDF, the PVDF/PDMS not only owns high transparency and a more uniform and stable structure but also has superior piezoelectric properties. Based on the electrospun PVDF and the PVDF/PDMS films, flexible piezoelectric sensors are developed, which can effectively detect weak mechanical signals including finger tapping and bending signals, radial artery pulses, and environmental sound signals. The PVDF/PDMS sensor performs better than the electrospun PVDF sensor and presents great potential for applications in flexible sensors and transducers. Especially, thanks to their high transparency, the PVDF/PDMS composite piezoelectric films lend themselves easily to application fields requiring transparent sensors such as imperceptible sensors and human‐machine interfaces, display devices, electronic skins, intelligent windows, etc.
Short‐term dynamics of linear growth among Peruvian infants in the first year of life in a population with linear growth faltering
Authors: Lee Gwenyth O. , McCormick Benjamin J. J. , Yori Pablo P. , Paredes‐Olortegui Maribel , Caulfield Laura E. , Kosek Margaret N. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectivesInfant growth is recognized to vary over the short term, with periods of greater and lesser linear growth velocity. Our objectives were to (1) examine the potential differences in overall growth profiles between children who experienced cumulative growth faltering in the first year of life consistent with that seen by many children living in poverty in low‐ and middle‐income countries, versus children without growth faltering and (2) test whether biological factors were associated with the timing of magnitude of growth saltations.MethodsThrice‐weekly measurements of length were recorded for n = 61 Peruvian infants (28 boys and 33 girls) enrolled from birth to 1 year. A total of 6040 measurements were analyzed. We tested for the evidence of saltatory growth and used hurdle models to test whether the timing and magnitude of saltations varied between children with greater or lesser growth faltering.ResultsThere were no differences in the duration of stasis periods or magnitude of growth saltations between children who were stunted at 1 year old (N = 18) versus those who were not stunted (N = 43). Children who experienced greater declines in LAZ in the first year of life trended toward longer periods between saltations than those with less of a decline (14.5 days vs. 13.4 days, p = .0512). A 1‐unit increase in mid upper arm circumference for age Z‐score in the 21 days prior was associated with 35% greater odds of a saltation occurring (p < .001), and a 0.128 cm greater saltation (p < .001).ConclusionsAfter characterizing infant growth into periods of saltation and stasis, our results suggest that increases in weight preceded increases in length.
Deterministic Conversion of Hyperentangled States with Error‐Heralded Quantum Units
Authors: Du Fang‐Fang , Ma Ming , Ren Xue‐Mei , Fan Gang , Du Xin‐Shan , Li Ling‐Hui , Fan Zhi‐Guo , Guo Jing 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn the paper, the possibility of two complete conversions is investigated, one is from the two‐photon hyperentangled Knill–Laflamme–Milburn (KLM) state to hyperentangled Bell states, the other is from three‐photon KLM state to the hyperentangled Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger states, for photonic systems hyper‐encoded in polarization and spatial degrees of freedom assisted by error‐heralded quantum units (EHQUs). The system inhomogeneity and/or the imperfect photon scattering often restrict the performance of effective conversions of two types of hyperentangled states, and result in the reductions of the fidelity and the efficiency in tangible quantum information technologies. The polarization EHQU and spatial EHQU are two critical tools for actualizing two hyperentangled conversions in a heralded way, as the errors stemming from the system inhomogeneity and practically imperfect scattering are converted into efficacious responses of the detectors in our protocols. Thus, the fidelities of these conversion cases keep unchanged and have close to unity fidelities, which deepen the understanding of the properties of hyperentanglement.
Intrinsic Solubilization of Lithium Nitrate in Ester Electrolyte by Multivalent Low‐Entropy‐Penalty Design for Stable Lithium‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Jin Zhekai , Liu Yuncong , Xu Hao , Chen Tao , Wang Chao 
Published: January 2024

AbstractLiNO3 is a remarkable additive that can dramatically enhance the stability of ether‐based electrolytes at lithium metal anodes. However, it has long been constrained by its incompatibility with commercially used ester electrolytes. Herein, we correlated the fundamental role of entropy with the limited LiNO3 solubility and proposed a new low‐entropy‐penalty design that achieves high intrinsic LiNO3 solubility in ester solvents by employing multivalent linear esters. This strategy is conceptually different from the conventional enthalpic methods that relies on extrinsic high‐polarity carriers. In this way, LiNO3 can directly interact with the primary ester solvents and fundamentally alters the electrolyte properties, resulting in substantial improvements in lithium‐metal batteries with high Coulombic efficiency and cycling stability. This work illustrates the significance of regulating the solvation entropy for high‐performance electrolyte design.
Indian cricket, popular culture and “national Thing”: Reflections from sport‐induced nationalism
Authors: Anuranj Cheriya Kelambath , Sircar Ajanta 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCricket in India has evolved much beyond its fundamental definition as a game or form of entertainment in the present century. The liberalization process in the 1990s, followed by the drastic social changes in the country, impacted the game, leading it to acquire new meanings as cultural text. Currently, Indian cricket forms part of collective enjoyment, forming people's habitus and playing a central ideological role in the politics of ethnonationalism. This article attempts to analyze Indian Cricket using Slavoj Zizek's concept of “national Thing,” to critically understand its potential to evoke hyper‐nationalism in the Indian polity. The concept of “national Thing,” proposed by Zizek, postulates that the recourse to nationalism can cause a pleasure‐in‐pain situation and evoke extreme “enjoyment” (jouissance), which functions on the idea of sudden sense of loss. Drawing insights from this, this paper theoretically investigates sport‐induced nationalism in cricket in the backdrop of escalating neo‐nationalist sentiments in India. Additionally, the article expounds on how cricket becomes a “lost Thing” in Indian popular culture by critically analyzing the Indian film Kai Po Che (2013), in which cricket emerges as a social and political entity, intervening with the lives of ordinary youths in India.
In vitro and in vivo assessment of antimicrobial, enzymatic, and antifouling properties of self‐potent lichen symbiotic bacteria
Authors: Subbaiyan Rubavathi , Ganesan Ayyappadasan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to comprehensively assess the antimicrobial, antifouling, and antibiofilm‐forming potential of lichen symbiotic bacteria against marine fouling bacterial strains. A total of 50 lichen‐associated bacteria (LAB) isolates were successfully characterized and evaluated for their effectiveness in mitigating biofouling caused by various marine biofoulers. Through a battery of biological assays encompassing enzymatic, antagonistic, antimicrobial, and antifouling assays, 15 LAB isolates were identified based on their antagonist activities. Notably, the strain LAB4 exhibited remarkable performance across all bioassays, demonstrating its proficiency as an antifouling agent. The production of crude LAB extracts was successfully scaled up using a large‐scale fermentor and further optimized. Additionally, a phylogenetic analysis of the isolated strain Bacillus proteolyticus D65's 16S ribosomal RNA gene revealed a high query coverage and percentage identity of 92.62% (accession no. MK883171.1). In conclusion, the lichen bacterial symbiotic isolate B. proteolyticus exhibited significant in vitro and in vivo inhibition of foulants. This study highlights the potential of lichens as a valuable source of yet unexplored bacteria. The bacterial consortium associated with Parmotrema sp. holds promise in combatting biofouling, which poses a substantial threat to the maritime industries and their economic stability.
Donor‐Acceptor Interactions Enhanced Colorimetric Sensors for Both Acid and Base Vapor Based on Two‐Dimensional Covalent Organic Frameworks
Authors: Zheng Xuhan , Qiu Wenqi , Cui Jialin , Liu Hui , Zhao Yunzheng , Zhang Jianming , Zhang Zhenxiu , Zhao Yingjie 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDue to the high surface area and uniform porosity of covalent organic frameworks (COFs), they exhibit superior properties in capturing and detecting even trace amounts of gases in the air. However, the COFs materials that possess dual detected functionality are still less reported. Here, an imine‐based COF containing thiophene as a donor and triazine as an acceptor to form spatial‐distribution‐defined D‐A structures was prepared. D‐A system between thiophene and triazine facilitates the charge transfer process during the protonation process of the imine and the triazine units. The obtained COF exhibits simultaneous sensing ability toward both acidic and alkaline vapors with obvious colorimetric sensing functionality.
Visible‐Light Driven Control Over Triply and Quadruply Hydrogen‐Bonded Supramolecular Assemblies
Authors: Hilton Eleanor M. , Jinks Michael A. , Burnett Andrew D. , Warren Nicholas J. , Wilson Andrew J. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSupramolecular polymers offer tremendous potential to produce new “smart” materials, however, there remains a need to develop systems that are responsive to external stimuli. In this work, visible‐light responsive hydrogen‐bonded supramolecular polymers comprising photoresponsive supramolecular synthons (I–III) consisting of two hydrogen bonding motifs (HBMs) connected by a central ortho‐tetrafluorinated azobenzene have been characterized by DOSY NMR and viscometry. Comparison of different hydrogen‐bonding motifs reveals that assembly in the low and high concentration regimes is strongly influenced by the strength of association between the HBMs. I, Incorporating a triply hydrogen‐bonded heterodimer, was found to exhibit concentration dependent switching between a monomeric pseudo‐cycle and supramolecular oligomer through intermolecular hydrogen bonding interactions between the HBMs. II, Based on the same photoresponsive scaffold, and incorporating a quadruply hydrogen‐bonded homodimer was found to form a supramolecular polymer which was dependent upon the ring‐chain equilibrium and thus dependent upon both concentration and photochemical stimulus. Finally, III, incorporating a quadruply hydrogen‐bonded heterodimer represents the first photoswitchable AB type hydrogen‐bonded supramolecular polymer. Depending on the concentration and photostationary state, four different assemblies dominate for both monomers II and III, demonstrating the ability to control supramolecular assembly and physical properties triggered by light.
Tuning Reactivities of tert‐Butyllithium by the Addition of Stoichiometric Amounts of Tetrahydrofuran
Authors: Kleinheider Johannes , Schrimpf Tobias , Scheel Rebecca , Mairath Tristan , Hermann Andreas , Knepper Kathrin , Strohmann Carsten 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn alkyllithium chemistry the highest reactivity has historically been linked to the smallest degree of aggregation possible. Since tert‐butyllithium is known to form a monomer in tetrahydrofuran solution, using just stoichiometric amounts of the lewis base to selectively form a dimeric species seemed irrational. In this study, we showed a considerable increase of the reactivity of t‐BuLi when using stoichiometric amounts of THF in the non‐polar solvent n‐pentane in order to enable the deprotonation of simple methyl silanes and other low C−H−acidic substrates. In this context, we were able to obtain the corresponding aggregates of t‐BuLi with the ligand THF in suspension and as crystalline solids and investigate them by single crystal X‐ray structural analysis, in situ FTIR spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations. Furthermore, we were able to explain the enhanced reactivity of t‐BuLi with stoichiometric amounts of THF on the basis of structural features of the bridged dimer obtained under these conditions. With these findings, we present a new target in the aggregation of alkyllithium reagents: the selectively formed “frustrated” aggregates!
Neocortical neurogenesis in development and evolution—Human‐specific features
Authors: Huttner Wieland B. , Heide Michael , Mora‐Bermúdez Felipe , Namba Takashi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this review, we focus on human‐specific features of neocortical neurogenesis in development and evolution. Two distinct topics will be addressed. In the first section, we discuss the expansion of the neocortex during human evolution and concentrate on the human‐specific gene ARHGAP11B. We review the ability of ARHGAP11B to amplify basal progenitors and to expand a primate neocortex. We discuss the contribution of ARHGAP11B to neocortex expansion during human evolution and its potential implications for neurodevelopmental disorders and brain tumors. We then review the action of ARHGAP11B in mitochondria as a regulator of basal progenitor metabolism, and how it promotes glutaminolysis and basal progenitor proliferation. Finally, we discuss the increase in cognitive performance due to the ARHGAP11B‐induced neocortical expansion. In the second section, we focus on neocortical development in modern humans versus Neanderthals. Specifically, we discuss two recent findings pointing to differences in neocortical neurogenesis between these two hominins that are due to a small number of amino acid substitutions in certain key proteins. One set of such proteins are the kinetochore‐associated proteins KIF18a and KNL1, where three modern human‐specific amino acid substitutions underlie the prolongation of metaphase during apical progenitor mitosis. This prolongation in turn is associated with an increased fidelity of chromosome segregation to the apical progenitor progeny during modern human neocortical development, with implications for the proper formation of radial units. Another such key protein is transketolase‐like 1 (TKTL1), where a single modern human‐specific amino acid substitution endows TKTL1 with the ability to amplify basal radial glia, resulting in an increase in upper‐layer neuron generation. TKTL1's ability is based on its action in the pentose phosphate pathway, resulting in increased fatty acid synthesis. The data imply greater neurogenesis during neocortical development in modern humans than Neanderthals due to TKTL1, in particular in the developing frontal lobe.
Anisotropic Colloidal Particles by Molecular Self‐Assembly: Synthesis and Application
Authors: Zhu Haiyan , Li Minchao , Liu Bing 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAnisotropic colloidal particles have attracted great attention over the past few decades because of their significant properties that differ from isotropic particles. Molecular self‐assembly provides the possibility to design and construct anisotropic colloidal particles from the single‐molecule level, and molecular assemblies can both inherit the properties of molecules in single states and integrate the functions of molecules in collective states, which has attracted great interest to researchers. Even in recent years, the self‐assembly strategy of anisotropic colloidal particles has been greatly developed. This review article briefly summarizes the research progress of molecules from small molecules, block copolymers and homopolymers to anisotropic particles, including their self‐assembly strategies and applications. Finally, we discuss the remaining challenges of this topic and we expect that by manipulating the design of diverse molecules/polymers, anisotropic colloidal particles can evolve into a new era.
Estimating the temporal scale of lagged responses in species abundance and occurrence
Authors: Sollmann Rahel 
Published: January 2024

AbstractUnderstanding drivers of species distributions is a central theme in ecology, and species are known to respond to drivers at multiple spatiotemporal scales. Yet, little attention has been paid to the temporal dimensions of predictors of species abundance or occurrence. Studies considering lagged responses typically contrast few points in time, rather than integrating multiple temporal scales. Here, I transfer an approach developed for the integration of predictors across spatial scales into the temporal realm. In this approach, a weighted mean predictor is used in a generalized linear model for abundance or occurrence; weights are estimated for each temporal scale based on a parametric function, and the parameters defining the function are estimated within the model. In a simulation study using a half‐normal declining weight function, I show that the scale parameter σ (measuring temporal scale of response) and effect strength of the predictor, , can be estimated accurately in abundance models with and without imperfect detection for a range of sample sizes and input values of σ and . Accuracy for both parameters was lower in occurrence‐based models. Estimates of σ improved in accuracy with increasing , and precision of both estimates tended to be lower in models with imperfect detection. A higher resolution time series of predictor values improved estimates of both parameters, and lower detection probability most strongly increased bias in in occurrence models. The approach can be viewed as a more parsimonious but less flexible case of memory models or distributed lag models. It is easily incorporated into standard methods used to model animal abundance and occurrence and therefore hopefully will open up avenues for future research into lagged responses in wildlife distribution to environmental conditions.
Disaster management policy changes in Bangladesh: Drivers and factors of a shift from reactive to proactive approach
Authors: Choudhury Mahed , Haque C. Emdad 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we argue that, while it is necessary to modify existing policy using the lessons learned from disaster events (i.e., reactive learning), this approach is insufficient on its own for dealing with ongoing and emerging climate‐induced disaster risks. Rather, we assert that policymakers must also adopt a proactive and anticipatory learning approach that would enable policy learning and policy evolution in the absence of a major disaster event. We examine drivers, actors, and processes of change in disaster‐management policy paradigms in Bangladesh. A longitudinal learning perspective is applied. We categorize disaster management (DM) policy regimes into three learning episodes: (i) reactive, (ii) transitional, and (iii) proactive. The roles of reactive and proactive learning in shifting DM policy paradigms within these learning episodes are particularly determined. Finally, five interrelated factors that triggered proactive policymaking are identified, which are: risk‐oriented policymaking; cross‐scale (i.e., lesson drawing and policy transfer) and cross‐level (i.e., from local, regional, and national experience) learning; participation of multiple stakeholders; research‐informed and knowledge‐based policymaking; and the presence of a strong advocacy group and a participatory policy process.