bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Migraines, vasomotor symptoms, and cardiovascular disease in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study
Authors: Kim Catherine , Schreiner Pamela J. , Yin Zhe , Whitney Rachael , Sidney Stephen , Ebong Imo , Levine Deborah A. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objective
To examine whether vasomotor symptoms (VMS) and migraine headaches, hypothesized to be vasoactive conditions, are associated with greater risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) events including strokes.

Methods
We performed a secondary data analysis of a subset of women (n = 1,954) in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study, a population-based cohort, which began data collection at 18 to 30 y of age. We examined whether migraine headaches and VMS trajectories (characterized as minimal, increasing, and persistent) at CARDIA year 15 examination were associated with higher risk of CVD events and stroke (both ischemic and hemorrhagic) using Cox proportional hazards regression models and adjustment for traditional CVD risk factors (age, cigarette use, and levels of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, high- and low-density cholesterol, and triglycerides) and reproductive factors.

Results
Among women with minimal VMS (n = 835), increasing VMS (n = 521), and persistent VMS (n = 598), there were 81 incident CVD events including 42 strokes. Women with histories of migraine and persistent VMS had greater risk of CVD (hazard ratio [HR], 2.25; 95% CI, 1.15-4.38) after adjustment for age, race, estrogen use, oophorectomy, and hysterectomy compared with women without migraine histories and with minimal/increasing VMS. After adjustment for CVD risk factors, these associations were attenuated (HR, 1.51; 95% CI, 0.73-3.10). Similarly, women with histories of migraine and persistent VMS had greater risk of stroke (HR, 3.15; 95% CI, 1.35-7.34), but these associations were attenuated after adjustment for CVD risk factors (HR, 1.70; 95% CI, 0.66-4.38).

Conclusions
Migraines and persistent VMS jointly associate with greater risk for CVD and stroke, although risk is attenuated with adjustment for traditional CVD risk factors.
Regional Variations in Corneal Epithelial Cell Density and Morphology Assessed Using In Vivo Confocal Microscopy
Authors: Bhattacharya Pradipta , Edwards Katie , Schmid Katrina L. 
Published: February 2024

Aim:
To characterize the regional variations in corneal epithelial cell density and morphology using in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM).

Methods:
Corneal imaging (IVCM) at 10 locations was performed; corneal apex (i.e., the center), immediately anterior to the corneal nerve whorl (i.e., slightly inferior to the apex), and four quadrants (superior, nasal, inferior, and temporal) both at 1.5 mm and 4.5 mm from the corneal apex (corresponding to 3 mm central and 9 mm peripheral diameter rings). The data of 21 young adults, aged 18 to 35 years, were analyzed. Cell morphometric parameters, including cell density, area, perimeter, Feret diameter, and circularity, were measured for basal and wing cells using Image J software.

Results:
There was a significant difference in basal cell density (BCD) (P<0.001) and wing cell density (WCD) (P<0.001) for different corneal locations. The BCD (mean±SD: 8,839±416 cells/mm2) and WCD (mean±SD: 5,932±310 cells/mm2) were highest at the corneal nerve whorl compared with all other corneal locations. There were significant differences in wing cell area (P<0.001), perimeter (P<0.001), Feret diameter (P<0.001), and circularity (P<0.001) at varying corneal locations.

Conclusion:
There are significant regional variations in corneal epithelial cell density and morphology. The BCD and WCD was highest anterior to the corneal nerve whorl.
Innovative utilization of ultra-wide field fundus images and deep learning algorithms for screening high-risk posterior polar cataract
Authors: Mai Elsa L.C. , Chen Bing-Hong , Su Tai-Yuan 
Published: February 2024

Purpose:
To test a cataract shadow projection theory and validate it by developing a deep learning algorithm that enables automatic and stable posterior polar cataract (PPC) screening using fundus images.

Setting:
Department of Ophthalmology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan.

Design:
Retrospective chart review.

Methods:
A deep learning algorithm to automatically detect PPC was developed based on the cataract shadow projection theory. Retrospective data (n = 546) with ultra-wide field fundus images were collected, and various model architectures and fields of view were tested for optimization.

Results:
The final model achieved 80% overall accuracy, with 88.2% sensitivity and 93.4% specificity in PPC screening on a clinical validation dataset (n = 103).

Conclusions:
This study established a significant relationship between PPC and the projected shadow, which may help surgeons to identify potential PPC risks preoperatively and reduce the incidence of posterior capsular rupture during cataract surgery.
Quality of vision and tear film osmolarity
Authors: Gallagher David , Hurley Daire J. , O'Tuama Brian , Hughes Emily , Fulcher Tim 
Published: February 2024

SIGNIFICANCE
We evaluate the relationship between tear film osmolarity measurements and quality of vision in patients presenting for routine eye clinic appointments. We found that the hyperosmolar group (>316 mOsm/L) had a worse quality-of-vision score than the normal osmolarity group, with glare being the most problematic symptom.

PURPOSE
Quality of vision is a perception and measure of real-world vision, which is not measured routinely in a clinical setting. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between tear film osmolarity measurements and quality of vision in patients presenting for routine eye clinic appointments.

METHODS
This was an observational nonrandomized study. The participants were placed in groups based on tear film osmolarity (normal, ≤316 mOsm/L; hyperosmolar, >316 mOsm/L; or a difference of >8 mOsm/L between each eye). Thirty-three participants were enrolled in the study, of whom 22 were deemed to have a hyperosmolar tear film. A 30-item questionnaire including 10 symptoms rated on scales of frequency, severity, and bothersomeness was administered to participants in both groups. The quality-of-vision score ranged from 25 to 100 points, with lower scores indicating better quality of vision.

RESULTS
The hyperosmolar group had a significantly worse quality-of-vision score than the normal osmolarity group across all three scales; mean differences for frequency, severity, and bothersomeness were 12.66 ± 9.75 (p=0.003), 9.44 ± 7.45 (p=0.003), and 11.90 ± 11.14 (p=0.008), respectively. Of the 10 symptoms that were included in the questionnaire, glare was the most problematic in the hyperosmolar group.

CONCLUSIONS
In this study, we demonstrated a significant relationship between tear film hyperosmolarity and quality of vision, as patients with hyperosmolar tear films had worse quality of vision
Journey to 1 Million Steps: A Retrospective Case Series Analyzing the Implementation of Robotic-Assisted Gait Training Into an Outpatient Pediatric Clinic
Authors: Dierwechter Brittany , Kolakowsky-Hayner Stephanie A. 
Published: February 2024

Purpose:
To describe the implementation of an exoskeleton program in a rehabilitation setting using a Design Thinking framework.

Methods:
This is a retrospective case series of 3 randomly selected children who participated in skilled physical therapy using a pediatric exoskeleton that occurred on our journey to walking 1 000 000 steps in the exoskeleton devices. Participants ranged in age from 3 to 5 years, and all had neurologic disorders.

Results:
All participants improved toward achieving their therapy goals, tolerated the exoskeleton well, and had an increased number of steps taken over time.

Conclusion:
The implementation of new technology into pediatric care and an established outpatient therapy clinic is described. The Design Thinking process applies to health care professionals and improves clinical care. Exoskeletons are effective tools for use in pediatric physical therapy.
Differences in internalized HIV stigma across subpopulations of people with HIV in care across the United States
Authors: Drumright Lydia N. , Johnson Mallory O. , Mayer Kenneth H. , Christopoulos Katerina , Cachay Edward , Crawford Timothy N. , Whitney Bridget M. , Dai Mindy , Ruderman Stephanie A. , Mixson L. Sarah , Keruly Jeanne C. , Chander Geetanjali , Saag Michael S. , Kitahata Mari M. , Moore Richard D. , Willig Amanda L. , Eron Joseph J. , Napravnik Sonia , Nance Robin M. , Hahn Andrew , Ma Jimmy , Bamford Laura , Fredericksen Rob J. , Delaney Joseph A.C. , Crane Heidi M. 
Published: February 2024

Background:
Few studies have examined which subgroups of people with HIV (PWH) carry the greatest burden of internalized HIV stigma (IHS), which may be important to care provision and interventions.

Methods:
PWH in the CFAR Network of Integrated Clinical Systems (CNICS) longitudinal, US-based, multisite, clinical care cohort completed tablet-based assessments during clinic visits including a four-item, Likert scale (low 1–5 high), IHS instrument. Associations between sociodemographic characteristics and IHS scores were assessed in adjusted linear regression models.

Results:
Twelve thousand six hundred and fifty-six PWH completed the IHS assessment at least once from February 2016 to November 2022, providing 28 559 IHS assessments. At baseline IHS assessment, the mean age was 49 years, 41% reported White, 38% Black/African American, and 16% Latine race/ethnicity, and 80% were cisgender men. The mean IHS score was 2.04, with all subgroups represented among those endorsing IHS. In regression analyses, younger PWH and those in care fewer years had higher IHS scores. In addition, cisgender women vs. cisgender men, PWH residing in the West vs. the Southeast, and those with sexual identities other than gay/lesbian had higher IHS scores. Compared with White-identifying PWH, those who identified with Black/African American or Latine race/ethnicity had lower IHS scores. Age stratification revealed patterns related to age category, including specific age-related differences by gender, geographic region and race/ethnicity.

Discussion:
IHS is prevalent among PWH, with differential burden by subgroups of PWH. These findings highlight the benefits of routine screening for IHS and suggest the need for targeting/tailoring interventions to reduce IHS among PWH.
Coexistence of Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis and Ganglioneuroblastoma Revealed by 18F-FDG PET/CT in a Pediatric Patient
Authors: Xu Yanfeng , Lu Xia , Wang Wei , Yang Jigang 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Coexistence of Langerhans cell histiocytosis and ganglioneuroblastoma is rare and seldom reported in the literature. A 3-year-old girl with Langerhans cell histiocytosis underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging for staging, which demonstrated significant 18F-FDG accumulation in the mandibles. Unexpectedly, a mild hypermetabolic soft mass was detected in the upper retroperitoneum. Results of surgical pathology of the abdominal mass were consistent with ganglioneuroblastoma.
Gastroesophageal Reflux Revealed by 18F-MFBG PET/CT
Authors: He Jian , Yang Liqing , He Limeng , Zhang Wei , Guo Lu 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
A 56-year-old woman who had a lung transplant 4 months ago presented frequent vomiting for 1 month. Barium meal and 99mTc gastroesophageal scintigraphy showed no gastroesophageal reflux. The patient was enrolled in a clinical trial and underwent 18F-MFBG PET/CT dynamic imaging. At the seventh minute of dynamic imaging, the images revealed reflux from the cardia into the esophagus and reached the oral cavity.
Uncommon Detection of Leiomyoma in the Penile Corpus Spongiosum Using FDG PET/CT
Authors: Hod Nir , Levin Daniel , Ben-Arie Gal , Pinsk Ilia , Osyntsov Lidia , Mekayten Matan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Primary tumors of the penile corpus spongiosum are rare. Hereby we describe the scintigraphic findings of a case of penile leiomyoma within the corpus spongiosum tissue, which was incidentally detected on FDG PET/CT. The benign neoplasm was growing in close proximity to the urethra showing increased focal FDG uptake on sequential PET/CT studies. Subsequently, the patient experienced obstructive urinary symptoms, and the tumor was resected. We concluded that the possibility of neoplasm should be kept in mind while evaluating a patient with persistent focal penile FDG uptake, which may be the first and only manifestation of the disease.
Mitral Annular Calcification as a Potential False-Positive for Cardiac Amyloidosis in 99mTc-DPD Scintigraphy Accurately Identified by SPECT/CT
Authors: Nunes Ana Rita Pereira , Alves Victor Manuel 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

99mTc-PYP/DPD/HDMP cardiac scintigraphy has a pivotal role in the diagnosis of ATTR cardiac amyloidosis. The combined findings of a Perugini visual score of 2 or 3 in the scan and the absence of monoclonal proteins in blood and urine are highly specific for the diagnosis of ATTR cardiac amyloidosis without a tissue biopsy. We report a case of mitral annular and valve calcification accurately identified in the SPECT/CT, but which could be misinterpreted as ATTR cardiac amyloidosis if only acquiring planar and SPECT images.
Neurobiological slowdown in later life manifests in tempo of popular music
Authors: Luck Geoff 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDegradation of motor control across the adult lifespan due to neurobiological decay is well-established. Correspondences between the dynamics of motor behaviour and the timing of musical performance are also well-documented. In light of the former, the conspicuous absence of age as a mediating factor in investigation of the latter reveals a remarkable gap in our understanding of creative performance across the life course. To examine effects of ageing on musical timing, physical tempo of almost 2000 songs released by top-tier recording artists over their decades-long careers were annotated via a listening and tapping task. A series of regression analyses revealed i) an age-driven downward trend in performance tempo for all artists, ii) significant between-artist variation across time, and iii) within-artist variation that was independent of broader musical trends. Overall, tempo decreased by almost one and a half standard deviations from artists’ early twenties to their late fifties, a rate of decline comparable to that observed in studies of spontaneous motor tempo. Results are consistent with the slowing-with-age hypothesis, and reveal that, not only is such tempo decline discernible in commercial recordings, the impact of age on tempo is overwhelming for artists most physically connected with their music.
Assessing the effects of an 8-week mindfulness training program on neural oscillations and self-reports during meditation practice
Authors: Rodriguez-Larios Julio , Wong Kian Foong , Lim Julian 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPrevious literature suggests that mindfulness meditation can have positive effects on mental health, however, its mechanisms of action are still unclear. In this pre-registered study, we investigate the effects of mindfulness training on lapses of attention (and their associated neural correlates) during meditation practice. For this purpose, we recorded Electroencephalogram (EEG) during meditation practice before and after 8 weeks of mindfulness training (or waitlist) in 41 participants (21 treatment and 20 controls). In order to detect lapses of attention and characterize their EEG correlates, we interrupted participants during meditation to report their level of focus and drowsiness. First, we show that self-reported lapses of attention during meditation practice were associated to an increased occurrence of theta oscillations (3-6 Hz), which were slower in frequency and more spatially widespread than theta oscillations occurring during focused attention states. Then, we show that mindfulness training did not reduce the occurrence of lapses of attention nor their associated EEG correlate (i.e. theta oscillations) during meditation. Instead, we find that mindfulness training was associated with a significant slowing of alpha oscillations in frontal electrodes during meditation. Crucially, frontal alpha slowing during meditation practice has been reported in highly experienced meditators and is thought to reflect relative decreases in arousal levels. Together, our findings provide insights into the EEG correlates of mindfulness meditation, which could have important implications for the identification of its mechanisms of action and/or the development of neuromodulation protocols aimed at facilitating meditation practice.
Genetic newborn screening stakeholder perspectives
Authors: Kariyawasam Didu , Scarfe Joanne , Meagher Christian , Farrar Michelle A. , Bhattacharya Kaustav , Carter Stacy M. , Newson Ainsley J. , Otlowski Margaret , Watson Jo , Millis Nicole , Norris Sarah 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundNewborn bloodspot screening is a well-established population health initiative that detects serious, childhood-onset, treatable conditions to improve health outcomes. With genomic technologies advancing rapidly, many countries are actively discussing the introduction of genomic assays into newborn screening programs. While adding genomic testing to Australia’s newborn screening program could improve outcomes for infants and families, it must be considered against potential harms, ethical, legal, equity and social implications, and economic and health system impacts. We must ask not only ‘can’we use genomics to screen newborns?’ but‘should we’?’ and ‘how much should health systems invest in genomic newborn screening?’.MethodsThis study will use qualitative methods to explore understanding, priorities, concerns and expectations of genomic newborn screening among parents/carers, health professionals/scientists, and health policy makers across Australia. In-depth, semi-structured interviews will be held with 30-40 parents/carers recruited via hospital and community settings, 15-20 health professionals/scientists, and 10-15 health policy makers. Data will be analysed using inductive content analysis. The Sydney Children’s Hospital Network Human Research Ethics Committee approved this study protocol [2023/ETH02371]. The Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research will guide study planning, conduct and reporting.DiscussionFew studies have engaged a diverse range of stakeholders to explore the implications of genomics in newborn screening in a culturally and genetically diverse population, nor in a health system underpinned by universal health care. As the first study within a multi-part research program, findings will be used to generate new knowledge on the risks and benefits and importance of ethical, legal, social and equity implications of genomic newborn screening from the perspective of key stakeholders. As such it will be the foundation on which child and family centered criteria can be developed to inform health technology assessments and drive efficient and effective policy decision-making on the implementation of genomics in newborn screening.
Glyoxalase 1: emerging biomarker and therapeutic target in cervical cancer progression
Authors: Kim Ji-Young , Jung Ji-Hye , Jung Soryung , Lee Sanghyuk , Lee Hyang Ah , Ouh Yung-Taek , Hong Seok-Ho 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntroductionCervical cancer presents a significant global health challenge, disproportionately impacting underserved populations with limited access to healthcare. Early detection and effective management are vital in addressing this public health concern. This study focuses on Glyoxalase-1 (GLO1), an enzyme crucial for methylglyoxal detoxification, in the context of cervical cancer.MethodsWe assessed GLO1 expression in cervical cancer patient samples using immunohistochemistry.In vitroexperiments using HeLa cell lines were conducted to evaluate the impact of GLO1 inhibition on cell viability and migration. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and gene set variation analysis were utilized to investigateGLO1’s role in the metabolism of cervical cancer. Additionally, public microarray data were analyzed to determineGLO1expression across various stages of cervical cancer.ResultsOur analysis included 58 cervical cancer patients, and showed that GLO1 is significantly upregulated in cervical cancer tissues compared to normal cervical tissues, independent of pathological findings and disease stage.In vitroexperiments indicated thatGLO1downregulation decreased cell viability and migration in cervical cancer cell lines. Analyses of scRNA-seq data and public gene expression datasets corroborated the overexpression ofGLO1and its involvement in cancer metabolism, particularly glycolysis. An examination of expression data from precancerous lesions revealed a progressive increase inGLO1expression from normal tissue to invasive cervical cancer.ConclusionsThis study highlights the critical role of GLO1 in the progression of cervical cancer, presenting it as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target. These findings contribute valuable insights towards personalized treatment approaches and augment the ongoing efforts to combat cervical cancer. Further research is necessary to comprehensively explore GLO1’s potential in clinical applications.SynopsisThis study examines Glyoxalase-1 (GLO1) in cervical cancer and reveals its significant upregulation in cancerous tissues compared to normal counterparts.In vitroexperiments show that downregulating GLO1 decreases cell viability and migration. Single-cell RNA sequencing and gene expression analysis substantiate GLO1’s involvement in cancer metabolism, notably in glycolysis. These findings identify GLO1 as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target, offering insights for personalized treatment approaches in cervical cancer management.
Quantification of [11C]ABP688 binding in human brain using cerebellum as reference region: biological interpretation and limitations
Authors: Milella Michele S , Minuzzi Luciano , Benkelfat Chawki , Soucy Jean-Paul , Kirlow Alexandre , Schirrmacher Esther , Angle Mark , Verhaeghe Jeroen AJ , Massarweh Gassan , Reader Andrew J , Aliaga Antonio , Peixoto-Santos Jose Eduardo , Guiot Marie-Christine , Kobayashi Eliane , Rosa-Neto Pedro , Leyton Marco 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn vitrodata from primates provide conflicting evidence about the cerebellum’s suitability as a reference region for quantifying type 5 metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR5) binding parameters with positron emission tomography (PET). To address this, we first measured mGluR5 density in postmortem human cerebellum using [3H]ABP688 autoradiography (n=5) and immunohistochemistry (n=6). Next,in vivoexperiments were conducted in healthy volunteers (n=6) using a high-resolution PET scanner (HRRT) to compare [11C]ABP688 binding potential (BPND) values obtained with reference tissue methods and the two-tissue compartment model vs. metabolite-corrected arterial input function. The postmortem data showed that, relative to the hippocampus, the cerebellum had 26% less mGluR5 immunoreactivity and 94% fewer [3H]ABP688 binding sites.In vivobrain regional [11C]ABP688 BPNDvalues using the cerebellum as a reference region were highly correlated with BPNDvalues and distribution volumes derived by arterial input methods (R2> 0.9). The absence of cerebellar allosteric binding sites might reflect the presence of distinct mGluR5 isoforms or conformational state. Together with our PET data, these results support the proposition that [11C]ABP688 BPNDusing cerebellum as a reference region provides accurate quantification of mGluR5 allosteric bindingin vivo.