bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of traction force indicator in ventouse devices
Authors: Whitlow B.J. , Tamizian O. , Ashworth J. , Kerry S. , Penna L.K. , Arulkumaran S. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractObjective: To evaluate whether the traction force indicator in a ventouse device gave an accurate estimation of the force applied. Methods: The study was carried out at the Derby City Hospital. An estimate of measurement errors was made by analyzing the standard deviation of the residuals for 30 Kiwi OmniCup devices (Clinical Innovations, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, England) and a standard industrial spring balance. Results: The measurement errors for the traction forces were very small and acceptable for the OmniCup. The overall estimate of measurement errors was 0.45 kg (1.35 lb). Conclusion: The overall measurement error for the traction force indicator of the OmniCup was found to be very small. Injuries associated the ventouse, such as cephalohematomas and subgaleal hemorrhages, may be minimized if the recommended limits for a safe traction force are not exceeded.
Zoledronate induces apoptosis in cells from fibro‐cellular membrane of unicameral bone cyst (UBC)
Authors: Yu John , Chang Seong‐Sil , Suratwala Sanjeev , Chung Woo‐Sik , Abdelmessieh Peter , Lee Hahn‐Jun , Yang Jay , Lee Francis Young‐In 
Published: May 2005

AbstractUnicameral bone cyst (UBC) is a benign cystic lesion in children which is prone to fracture. Various treatments are available, but recurrence after different types of percutaneous injection therapy can cause bone destruction and pathologic fracture. The potential therapeutic effects of anti‐resorptive agents, such as bisphosphonates, have not been investigated for UBC. The objective of this study was to characterize the cells from the fibro‐cellular membrane of unicameral bone cyst (UBC cells) and to determine whether zoledronate, a nitrogen‐containing bisphosphonate, could induce apoptosis in UBC cells. Flow cytometry and immunoblotting were performed in order to determine whether zoledronate induced apoptosis. Cells derived from normal human trabecular bones were used as controls against UBC cells to compare the effect of zoledronate in inducing apoptosis. Immunohisto/cytochemistry (IHC/ICC) and mini‐array analyses were performed on tissues and cultured cells. Isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells were incubated with conditioned media from the UBC cells to determine whether they are capable of inducing osteoclastogenesis. UBC membrane is composed of cells staining positively with CD68, SDF‐1, STRO‐1 and RANKL, but in vitro cells showed no staining with antibodies to CD68 and STRO‐1, suggesting that there was a clonal selection of stromal cells during cell culture. UBC cells also express RUNX2 (runt‐related transcription factor‐2, core binding factor‐1), a key transcription factor for osteoblastic differentiation. In addition, media collected from UBC cells induced a generation of multi‐nucleated osteoclast‐like cells of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Zoledronate induced apoptosis of UBC cells in a dose‐dependent manner. Apoptosis was evidenced by induction of the active cleaved form of caspase‐3. The baseline apoptotic fractions were similar in UBC cells and trabecular bone cells. However, in the overall apoptotic fractions in this study, trabecular bone cells showed 17.2% of apoptosis, significantly lower than 24.2% of UBC cells (p‐value = 0.007). With the various zoledronate concentrations, mean apoptotic fractions of trabecular bone cells was 19.2%, significantly lower than 27.8% of UBC cells (p‐value = 0.040). With GGOH co‐treatment in various zoledronate concentrations, 15.1% apoptosis was shown in trabecular bone cells, which was not significantly lower than 20.6% of UBC cells (p value = 0.076). This data suggests that zoledronate causes apoptosis in both UBC and trabecular bone cells by inhibition of the mevalonate pathway. In addition to the known anti‐osteoclastogenic effect of bisphosphonates, the GGOH inhibitory effects of zoledronate were more prominent in UBC cells than trabecular bone cells, indicating their potential therapeutic role in UBC. © 2005 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
POLITICS AND MILITARY RULE IN CROMWELLIAN BRITAIN
Authors: SMITH DAVID L. 
Published: May 2005

The Cromwellian Protectorate. By Barry Coward. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2002. Pp. viii+248. ISBN 0-7190-4317-4. £14.99.Cromwell's major generals: godly government during the English Revolution. By Christopher Durston. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2001. Pp. x+260. ISBN 0-7190-6065-6. £15.99.John Lambert, parliamentary soldier and Cromwellian major-general, 1619–1684. By David Farr. Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 2003. Pp. x+268. ISBN 1-84383-0043. £50.00.Oliver Cromwell, soldier: the military life of a revolutionary at war. By Alan Marshall. London: Brassey's, 2004. Pp. 320. ISBN 1-85753-343-7. £20.00.Arguably the closest that Britain has ever come to military rule was at certain times during the period from 1647 to 1660. English forces conquered Ireland and Scotland in 1649–50 and 1650–1 respectively, and the two kingdoms were then forcibly ‘settled’ and incorporated into an English commonwealth. In England, meanwhile, the army repeatedly intervened to purge or disperse parliaments: in 1647, 1648, 1653, 1654, and 1659 (twice). For about fifteen months, in 1655–7, England and Wales were governed by major-generals who exercised sweeping powers to enforce order, preserve security, and enforce a ‘reformation of manners’. All these developments raise profound questions about the nature of Cromwellian government in general, and the relationship between politics and military rule in particular. Austin Woolrych argued, some years ago, that the Cromwellian Protectorate was not a military dictatorship in any meaningful sense. He suggested that the regime possessed neither the will, nor the means, to impose military rule, that it generally respected the rule of law, and that the military presence in local government even during the time of the major-generals was limited. Yet the nature of the interaction between the military and the political – in shaping government, in influencing policies, and in forming the careers of Oliver Cromwell and other leading figures – remains complex and merits much fuller exploration. The four books under review address these and related themes from a range of different viewpoints.
POLITICAL INFORMATION IN THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY
Authors: LOVEMAN KATE 
Published: May 2005

Reading, society and politics in early modern England. Edited by Kevin Sharpe and Steven N. Zwicker. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003. Pp. ix+363. ISBN 0-521-82434-6. £50.00.The politics of information in early modern Europe. Edited by Brendan Dooley and Sabrina A. Baron. London and New York: Routledge, 2001. Pp. viii+310. ISBN 0-415-20310-4. £75.00.Literature, satire and the early Stuart state. By Andrew McRae. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004. Pp. ix+250. ISBN 0-521-81495-2. £45.00.The writing of royalism, 1628–1660. By Robert Wilcher. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001. Pp. xii+403. ISBN 0-521-66183-8. £45.00.Politicians and pamphleteers: propaganda during the English civil wars and interregnum. By Jason Peacey. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2004. Pp. xi+417. ISBN 0-7546-0684-8. £59.95.The ingenious Mr. Henry Care, Restoration publicist. By Lois G. Schwoerer. Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2001. Pp. xxvii+349. ISBN 0-8018-6727-4. £32.00.In 1681 the Italian newswriter Giacomo Torri incurred the wrath of the French ambassador to the Venetian Republic with his anti-French reporting. The ambassador ordered Torri to ‘cease and desist or be thrown into the canal’. Torri, who was in the pay of the Holy Roman Emperor, responded to the ambassador's threat with a report that ‘the king of France had fallen from his horse, and that this was a judgement of God’. Three of the ambassadors' men were then found attacking Torri ‘by someone who commanded them to stop in the name of the Most Excellent Heads of the Council of Ten … but they replied with certain vulgarities, saying they knew neither heads nor councils’. Discussed by Mario Infelise in Brendan Dooley and Sabrina Baron's collection, this was a very minor feud in the seventeenth-century battles over political information, but it exemplifies several of the recurring themes of the books reviewed here. First, the growing recognition by political authorities across Europe that news was a commodity worthy of investment. Secondly, the variety of official and unofficial sanctions applied in an attempt to control the market for news publications. Thirdly, the recalcitrance of writers and publishers in the face of these sanctions: whether motivated by payment or principle, disseminators of political information showed great resourcefulness in frustrating attempts to limit their activities. These six books investigate aspects of seventeenth-century news and politics or, alternatively, seventeenth-century literature and politics – the distinction between ‘news’ and certain literary genres being, as several of these authors show, often difficult to make.
Effect of 6-thioguanine on the stability of duplex DNA
Authors: Bohon Jen , de los Santos Carlos R. 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
The incorporation of 6-thioguanine (S6G) into DNA is a prerequisite for its cytotoxic action, but duplex structure is not significantly perturbed by the presence of the lesion [J. Bohon and C. R. de los Santos (2003) Nucleic Acids Res ., 31, 1331–1338]. It is therefore possible that the mechanism of cytotoxicity relies on a loss of stability rather than a pathway involving direct structural recognition. The research described here focuses on the changes in thermodynamic properties of duplex DNA owing to the introduction of S6G as well as the kinetic properties of base pairs involving S6G. Replacement of a guanine in a G•C pair by S6G results in ∼1 kcal/mol less favorable Gibbs free energy of duplex formation at 37°C. S6G•T and G•T mismatch-containing duplexes have almost identical Gibbs free energy at 37°C, with values ∼3 kcal/mol less favorable than that of the control. Base pair stability is affected by S6G. The lifetime of the normal G•C base pair is ∼125 ms, whereas that of the G•T mismatch is below the detection limit. The lifetimes of S6G•C and S6G•T pairs are ∼7 and 2 ms, respectively, demonstrating that, although S6G significantly decreases the stability of the pairing with cytosine, it slightly increases that of a mismatch.
Mapping of transcription start sites in
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
using 5′ SAGE
Authors: Zhang Zhihong , Dietrich Fred S. 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
A minimally addressed area in Saccharomyces cerevisiae research is the mapping of transcription start sites (TSS). Mapping of TSS in S.cerevisiae has the potential to contribute to our understanding of gene regulation, transcription, mRNA stability and aspects of RNA biology. Here, we use 5′ SAGE to map 5′ TSS in S.cerevisiae . Tags identifying the first 15–17 bases of the transcripts are created, ligated to form ditags, amplified, concatemerized and ligated into a vector to create a library. Each clone sequenced from this library identifies 10–20 TSS. We have identified 13 746 unique, unambiguous sequence tags from 2231 S.cerevisiae genes. TSS identified in this study are consistent with published results, with primer extension results described here, and are consistent with expectations based on previous work on transcription initiation. We have aligned the sequence flanking 4637 TSS to identify the consensus sequence A(A rich ) 5 NPy A (A/T)NN(A rich ) 6 , which confirms and expands the previous reported Py A (A/T)Pu consensus pattern. The TSS data allowed the identification of a previously unrecognized gene, uncovered errors in previous annotation, and identified potential regulatory RNAs and upstream open reading frames in 5′-untranslated region.
HP1 modulates the transcription of cell-cycle regulators in
Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: De Lucia Filomena , Ni Jian-Quan , Vaillant Catherine , Sun Fang-Lin 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
Heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) was originally described as a non-histone chromosomal protein and is required for transcriptional gene silencing and the formation of heterochromatin. Although it is localized primarily at pericentric heterochromatin, a scattered distribution over a large number of euchromatic loci is also evident. Here, we provide evidence that Drosophila HP1 is essential for the maintenance of active transcription of euchromatic genes functionally involved in cell-cycle progression, including those required for DNA replication and mitosis. Depletion of HP1 in proliferating embryonic cells caused aberrant progression of the cell cycle at S phase and G2/M phase, linked to aberrant chromosome segregation, cytokinesis, and an increase in apoptosis. The chromosomal distribution of Aurora B, and the level of phosphorylation of histone H3 serine 10 were also altered in the absence of HP1. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis, we further demonstrate that the promoters of a number of cell-cycle regulator genes are bound to HP1, supporting a direct role for HP1 in their active transcription. Overall, our data suggest that HP1 is essential for the maintenance of cell-cycle progression and the transcription of cell-cycle regulatory genes. The results also support the view that HP1 is a positive regulator of transcription in euchromatin.
Male‐biased size dimorphism in ichneumonine wasps (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) – the role of sexual selection for large male size
Authors: Teder Tiit 
Published: May 2005

Abstract.  1. Sexual differences in body size are expected to evolve when selection on female and male sizes favours different optima.2. Insects have typically female‐biased size dimorphism that is usually explained by the strong fecundity advantage of larger size in females. However, numerous exceptions to this general pattern have led to the search for selective pressures favouring larger size in males.3. In this study, the benefits of large size were investigated in males of four species of ichneumonine wasps, a species‐rich group of parasitoids, many representatives of which exhibit male‐biased size dimorphism.4. Mating behaviour of all ichneumonine wasps are characterised by pre‐copulatory struggles, in the course of which males attempt to override female reluctance to mate. A series of laboratory trials was conducted to study the determinants of male mating success.5. A tendency was found for larger males as well as those in better condition to be more successful in achieving copulations. Size dimorphism of the species studied, mostly male‐biased in hind tibia length but female‐biased in body weight, indicates that sexual selection in males favours longer bodies and appendages rather than larger weight.6. The qualitative similarity of the mating patterns suggests that sexual selection cannot completely explain the considerable among‐species differences in sexual size dimorphism.7. The present study cautions against using various size indices as equivalents for calculating sexual size dimorphism.8. It is suggested that female reluctance in ichneumonine wasps functions as a mechanism of female mate assessment.
Genetics of essential hypertension
Authors: Coy Virginia 
Published: May 2005

PurposeTo inform healthcare providers of the genetics involved in the development of essential hypertension and to illustrate the role the healthcare provider has in the management of patients with essential hypertension.Data sourcesResearch‐based articles in the medical literature, selected published literature in refereed journals, and Internet sites.ConclusionsEssential hypertension is a complex chronic disease that affects many people and has grave implications for the patient. Genetics involved in the development of essential hypertension and treatment choices is evolving; therefore, the healthcare provider must be knowledgeable in these areas to effectively care for patients with hypertension.Implications for practiceEssential hypertension is a chronic disease that affects over 50 million people in the United States. Advances in genetics are allowing scientists to discover the genetic basis of hypertension. With knowledge of genetics and environmental factors involved in the development of essential hypertension, healthcare providers will be able to more effectively screen, manage, and treat individuals with hypertension.
Diet choice of large carnivores in northern Cameroon
Authors: Breuer Thomas 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe diet of African wild dogs, lions and spotted hyenas was studied in the woodland savannah of Faro National Park and surrounding hunting zones in northern Cameroon during the dry season. Faecal analysis revealed that the diet of the three large carnivores overlaps considerably. Frequencies of prey remains of large and medium‐sized antelopes were highest, with Buffon's kob being by far the most common prey species. Carnivores seem to consume most abundant prey species. No prey item of domestic livestock was found in the faeces. Faecal analysis has proved to be a useful method to reveal diet choice for large carnivores in northern Cameroon. Detailed information on the distribution and density of large carnivores and their prey is needed to give a better picture of the status of carnivores in northern Cameroon and to help resolve conflicts with livestock. Further investigations into the seasonal variation of predation and other factors structuring the large carnivore community in northern Cameroon are recommended.
Effects of selective logging (50 years ago) on habitat use and ranging behaviour of a forest understorey bird (red‐tailed bristlebill, Bleda syndactyla) in Uganda
Authors: Dale Svein , Slembe Bjørnar 
Published: May 2005

AbstractTo understand the effects of selective logging on animals we compared habitat use and ranging behaviour of a common understorey passerine bird, the red‐tailed bristlebill (Bleda syndactyla), in logged and unlogged forest in the Budongo Forest Reserve, Uganda. The secondary forest had been selectively logged about 50 years ago, and differed in vegetation structure from the unlogged, primary forest in particular by having a denser understorey. Home range size of radio‐tagged bristlebills was 10–20% larger (depending on data sample used) in unlogged forest compared with logged forest, but the difference was not significant. Movement rates during 1‐h observation periods were highest in unlogged forest. The bristlebill has been characterized as a bird of dense understorey vegetation, and data from unlogged forest in the present study suggested that areas with dense understorey were used more often than expected. In logged forest, no habitat preferences were found, probably because the forest had a dense understorey throughout. Assuming that smaller home ranges and lower movement rates indicate better habitat, there was no evidence that bristlebills were negatively affected by logging. The preference for dense understorey in unlogged forest suggests that the bristlebill may benefit from selective logging because this leads to an increase in dense understorey.
Big is not better: small Acacia mellifera shrubs are more vital after fire
Authors: Meyer Katrin M. , Ward David , Moustakas Aristides , Wiegand Kerstin 
Published: May 2005

AbstractFire and acacias are vital components in savanna dynamics but little is known about the relationship between postfire mortality and size of Acacia species. We determined mortality, height, and height of resprouts of the encroaching shrub species Acacia mellifera in a semi‐arid South African savanna 2 years after fire. As expected, resprouting ability after topkill was high, only 9% of the studied shrubs died completely. Surprisingly, shrubs that died in the fire were significantly taller than their resprouting conspecifics. Results from quantile regression show that the height of regrowth relative to the total height of taller shrubs is less than in smaller shrubs, despite taller shrubs having more access to below‐ground resources. We offer two possible explanations for these unexpected results: in taller shrubs, the maximum longitudinal growth rate of resprouts may be reached and therefore, resources may be invested in a greater number of resprouts or stored as reserves. Alternatively, resprouting ability may be impaired in old age by a senescence effect caused by the accumulation of physiological dysfunctions.
Comparison between antithymocyte globulin and alemtuzumab and the possible impact of KIR‐ligand mismatch after dose‐reduced conditioning and unrelated stem cell transplantation in patients with multiple myeloma
Authors: Kröger Nicolaus , Shaw Bronwen , Iacobelli Simona , Zabelina Tatjana , Peggs Karl , Shimoni Avichai , Nagler Arnon , Binder Thomas , Eiermann Thomas , Madrigal Alejandro , Schwerdtfeger Rainer , Kiehl Michael , Sayer Herbert Gottfried , Beyer Jörg , Bornhäuser Martin , Ayuk Francis , Zander Axel Rolf , Marks David I. ,   the Clinical Trial Committee of the British Society of Blood and Marrow Transplantation and the German Cooperative Transplant Group
Published: May 2005

SummaryWe compared antithymocyte globulin (ATG) with alemtuzumab in 73 patients with multiple myeloma, who underwent reduced conditioning with melphalan/fludarabine, followed by allogeneic stem cell transplantation from human leucocyte antigen‐matched or ‐mismatched unrelated donors. The ATG group had more prior high‐dose chemotherapies (P < 0·001), while bone marrow was used more as the stem cell source in the alemtuzumab group (P < 0·001). Alemtuzumab resulted in faster engraftment of leucocytes (P = 0·03) and platelets (P = 0·02) and in a lower incidence of acute graft versus host disease (GvHD) grades II–IV (24% vs. 47%, P = 0·06). More cytomegalovirus (CMV) seropositive patients in the alemtuzumab group experienced CMV reactivation (100% vs. 47%, P = 0·001). The cumulative incidence of treatment‐related mortality at 2 years was 26% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 12–37%] for ATG vs. 28% (95% CI = 15–55%) for alemtuzumab, P = 0·7. There was no significant difference in the estimated 2‐year overall and progression‐free survival between ATG and alemtuzumab: 54% (95% CI: 39–75%) vs. 45% (95% CI: 28–73%) and 30% (95% CI: 16–55%) vs. 36% (95% CI: 20–62%) respectively. In multivariate analysis, treatment with alemtuzumab had a higher risk for relapse (hazard ratio: 2·37; P = 0·05) while killer immunoglobulin‐like receptor (KIR)‐ligand mismatch was protective for relapse (P < 0·0001). We conclude that alemtuzumab produced less acute GvHD, but higher probability of relapse. The data implicated a major role of KIR‐ligand mismatched transplantation in multiple myeloma.