bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetic modeling to predict morphine and morphine‐6‐glucuronide plasma concentrations in healthy young volunteers
Authors: Lötsch Jörn , Skarke Carsten , Schmidt Helmut , Liefhold Jürgen , Geisslinger Gerd 
Published: October 2002

ObjectiveThis investigation focused on the development of a predictive model of morphine, including morphine‐6‐glucuronide (M6G) for healthy young volunteers after morphine administration.MethodsPopulation compartmental pharmacokinetic modeling with NONMEM was applied to the plasma concentration‐time data of morphine and M6G obtained from 8 healthy volunteers (4 men and 4 women; age range, 23 to 30 years) after intravenous bolus injection of 5.64 mg morphine base (7.5 mg morphine sulfate) and of 1 mg deuterium‐labeled M6G.ResultsTwo models were identified that described the plasma concentration versus time courses of morphine and M6G after administration of morphine. The model consisted of a standard 3‐compartment model for morphine and a standard 2‐compartment model for M6G, with input into and output from the central compartments. The formation of M6G from morphine was modeled as a fraction of morphine clearance of about 14%, which accounted forthe formation of M6G, and a delay of the appearance of M6G in plasma modeled as afirst‐order process, with a mean metabolic transit time of 17.2 minutes. An alternative model assigned the formation of M6G among the first peripheral compartment of morphine andthe central compartment of M6G. Therefore the alternative 3‐compartment model of morphinehad the input into the central compartment and renal excretory elimination from the central compartment, but the metabolic clearance of morphine started from the first peripheralcompartment. M6G was again modeled with a standard 2‐compartment model. Both models predicted morphine and M6G plasma concentrations available from an independent study with acceptable accuracy and without bias.ConclusionsTwo models are provided that can predict plasma concentrations of morphine and M6G with acceptable accuracy in healthy young volunteers.Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2002) 72, 151–162; doi: 10.1067/mcp.2002.126172
Vibrio parahaemolyticus scrABC
, a Novel Operon Affecting Swarming and Capsular Polysaccharide Regulation
Authors: Boles Blaise R. , McCarter Linda L. 
Published: October 2002

ABSTRACT

Swarming is an adaptation of many bacteria to growth on surfaces. A search for genes controlling swarmer cell differentiation of
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
identified a novel three-gene operon that potentially encodes a pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent enzyme, an extracellular solute-binding protein, and a membrane-bound GGDEF- and EAL-motif sensory protein. The functions of these motifs, which are named after conserved amino acid sequences, are unknown, although the domains are found singly and in combination in a variety of bacterial signaling proteins. Studies with translational fusions supported the predicted localization of the gene products. When the operon was overexpressed, swarmer cell gene transcription was induced in liquid culture. Mutants with defects in any of the three genes exhibited decreased swarming and lateral flagellar (
laf
) gene expression. Complementation studies confirmed an operon organization and suggested that all three genes participated in
laf
regulation. The lesions that decreased swarming increased capsular polysaccharide (CPS) production, and overexpression of the operon inhibited transcription of the CPS gene
cpsA
. Thus, the
scrABC
locus appears to inversely regulate two gene systems that are pertinent to colonization of surface swarming and CPS.
l
-Malyl-Coenzyme A Lyase/β-Methylmalyl-Coenzyme A Lyase from
Chloroflexus aurantiacus
, a Bifunctional Enzyme Involved in Autotrophic CO
2
Fixation
Authors: Herter Sylvia , Busch Andreas , Fuchs Georg 
Published: October 2002

ABSTRACT

The 3-hydroxypropionate cycle is a bicyclic autotrophic CO
2
fixation pathway in the phototrophic
Chloroflexus aurantiacus
(
Bacteria
), and a similar pathway is operating in autotrophic members of the
Sulfolobaceae
(
Archaea
). The proposed pathway involves in a first cycle the conversion of acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) and two bicarbonates to
l
-malyl-CoA via 3-hydroxypropionate and propionyl-CoA;
l
-malyl-CoA is cleaved by
l
-malyl-CoA lyase into acetyl-CoA and glyoxylate. In a second cycle, glyoxylate and another molecule of propionyl-CoA (derived from acetyl-CoA and bicarbonate) are condensed by a putative β-methylmalyl-CoA lyase to β-methylmalyl-CoA, which is converted to acetyl-CoA and pyruvate. The putative
l
-malyl-CoA lyase gene of
C. aurantiacus
was cloned and expressed in
Escherichia coli
, and the recombinant enzyme was purified and studied. β-Methylmalyl-CoA lyase was purified from cell extracts of
C. aurantiacus
and characterized. We show that these two enzymes are identical and that both enzymatic reactions are catalyzed by one single bifunctional enzyme,
l
-malyl-CoA lyase/β-methylmalyl-CoA lyase. Interestingly, this enzyme works with two different substrates in two different directions: in the first cycle of CO
2
fixation, it cleaves
l
-malyl-CoA into acetyl-CoA and glyoxylate (lyase reaction), and in the second cycle it condenses glyoxylate with propionyl-CoA to β-methylmalyl-CoA (condensation reaction). The combination of forward and reverse directions of a reversible enzymatic reaction, using two different substrates, is rather uncommon and reduces the number of enzymes required in the pathway. In summary,
l
-malyl-CoA lyase/β-methylmalyl-CoA lyase catalyzes the interconversion of
l
-malyl-CoA plus propionyl-CoA to β-methylmalyl-CoA plus acetyl-CoA.
A HIERARCHICAL MEASUREMENT FRAMEWORK FOR THE EVALUATION OF AUTOMATED BUSINESS PROCESSES
Authors: AIELLO ROSSELLA , ESPOSITO ANTONIO , NOTA GIANCARLO 
Published: October 2002

The problem of performance evaluation of business processes supported by Workflow Management Systems is a recent research issue. In this paper we propose a measurement framework in which several aspects concerning the timing and working of a business process, either as a whole or in terms of its components, can be precisely quantified. Our approach is based on the workflow model introduced by the Workflow Management Coalition and introduces some fundamental measures from which a number of derived measures can be hierarchically obtained. The paper describes the basic structures and the primitive operators of the framework as well as the fundamental and derived measures. Techniques for the evaluation of complex processes are also discussed. The proposed framework is quite general and can be applied to research and commercial workflow management systems with relatively little implementation effort.
Comparison of volatile emissions and structural changes of melt reprocessed polypropylene resins
Authors: Xiang Q. , Xanthos M. , Patel S. H. , Mitra S. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractPolypropylene (PP), as a commodity recyclable thermoplastic, was studied in this research to evaluate the potential environmental impact resulting from volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted during multiple melt reprocessing. Unstabilized PP (U‐PP) and stabilized PP (S‐PP) resins, simulating recycled materials prone to degradation, were evaluated for total VOC emissions generated during multiple melt reprocessing by injection molding and extrusion, respectively. Results show that the maximum amount of total VOCs from each cycle (up to six cycles for extrusion and up to ten for injection molding) did not significantly change, while the cumulative VOCs increased with increasing processing cycle for both materials. A good correlation between cumulative VOC increases and melt flow index increase for the U‐PP and weight‐average molecular weight Mw decrease for the S‐PP were obtained. Reprocessing in all cases was accompanied by decreases in Mw and melt viscosity as a result of thermooxidative degradation. FTIR data considering increases in carbonyl content and degree of unsaturation suggest that at equivalent cycle numbers, degradation appears to be more severe for the extruded material in spite of the longer oxidative induction time of the “as received” pellets used in extrusion. The onset and type of structural changes are shown to depend on cycle number and reprocessing method. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 21: 235–242, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/adv.10027
Past asbestos exposure levels in foundries and cement‐asbestos factories
Authors: Mattioli Stefano , Nini Donatella , Mancini Gianpiero , Violante Francesco S. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractTo the Editor:Rosenman and Reilly [1998] reported that in Michigan, from 1985‐1996, 115 patients were reclassified as having asbestos (and not silicosis, pneumoconiosis, or pulmonary fibrosis)related X‐ray changes. In their article, the authors also provided three case reports of asbestosis among foundry workers, underlining the entity of the asbestos exposure. The situation seems to be rather similar in Italy, where asbestos was very widely used in the local foundries for gloves, aprons, insulations, curtains. For example, we recently examined, because of a worker's claim, a man who had worked in foundry for 30 years (between 1962 and 1992) and had complained of cough since 1990: in 1993, an X‐ray examination revealed the presence of asbestosis. Other reports of asbestosis in Italian foundry workers can also be found in the literature [Scancarello et al., 1996]. This important association may actually be rather widespread [see, e.g. Corhay et al., 1990].While examining the literature referring to asbestos exposure among foundry workers, we were intrigued to come across a study dating from 1989 [Guillemin et al., 1989] on the presence of asbestos fibers in the urine of workers in a cement‐asbestos factory where the controls were actually represented by foundry workers! The authors concluded that their "study did not prove with a sufficient level of statistical confidence that workers exposed to low levels of chrysotile asbestos excrete more fibers in urine than do non‐exposed workers" (foundry workers). With the current state of our knowledge, it is not so hard to understand why. The study may now be interpreted as suggesting that foundry workers employed around that time suffered exposure levels not significantly dissimilar to those encountered by cement‐asbestos factory workers.
Craniosynostosis in Alagille syndrome
Authors: Kamath Binita M. , Stolle Catherine , Bason Lynn , Colliton Raymond P. , Piccoli David A. , Spinner Nancy B. , Krantz Ian D. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAlagille syndrome is a multisystem developmental disorder with primary involvement of the liver, heart, skeleton, eyes and facial structures, and demonstrates highly variable expressivity with respect to all of the involved systems. Alagille syndrome is caused by mutations in the Jagged1 gene. Jagged1 is a ligand in the Notch signaling pathway that has been shown to regulate early cell fate determination. Mutations in Jagged1 have been identified in approximately 80% of patients with Alagille syndrome. We have recently identified two patients with mutation proven Alagille syndrome who also had unilateral coronal craniosynostosis. Both individuals were screened for mutations in fibroblast growth factor receptor 1, 2, 3 and TWIST genes, all associated with various types of craniosynostosis and no mutations were identified. The finding of a conserved form of craniosynostosis in two unrelated patients with Alagille syndrome and mutations in Jagged1 may indicate that Jagged1 plays a role in cranial suture formation. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Linear and whorled nevoid hypermelanosis with bilateral giant cerebral aneurysms
Authors: Mégarbané A. , Vabres P. , Slaba S. , Smahi A. , Loeys B. , Okais N. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA 24‐year‐old woman presented with bilateral giant intracavernous carotid artery aneurysms manifesting as a cavernous sinus syndrome on the left side, and anisocoria, ophthalmic pain, and oculomotor paresis on the left side. Physical examination showed mild hyperextensibility of the metacarpophalangeal joints, amelogenesis imperfecta, and hyperpigmentation following Blaschko lines. Analysis of the NEMO gene for incontinentia pigmenti syndrome and of collagen III for Ehlers‐Danlos type IV was normal. Skewed X‐inactivation patterns in blood lymphocytes were detected. To the best of our knowledge, this association of linear hyperpigmentation and cerebral aneurysms has never been previously reported. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Referral for genetic counseling after the birth of a child with a congenital anomaly in the Northern Netherlands
Authors: Sikkens Ewold H. , de Walle Hermien E.K. , Reefhuis Jennita , Tintelen J. Peter van , J. van Essen Anthonie 
Published: October 2002

AbstractChildren/fetuses born with a congenital anomaly are recorded in a local registry of congenital anomalies in the Northern Netherlands. Parents of these children/fetuses often have questions about cause, prognosis, and recurrence risk. Referral to a genetic clinic is one way to obtain information concerning these questions. We were interested in determining to what extent parents were referred for genetic counseling, and investigated the non‐referred cases for the estimated need for referral. Furthermore, we measured whether referral rates had improved following the study carried out by Cornel et al. [1992] for the same region. We evaluated data on couples referred or not referred for 2,964 registered children/fetuses during the birth years 1992–1997. The parents of 528 cases (18%) had been referred for genetic counseling. Investigation of the 2,436 non‐referred cases showed a high number (1287/53%) of cases with a supposedly “low need for referral.” If we consider the remaining 1,149 cases with a moderate or high need for referral to the genetic clinic, the ideal uptake rate is 57% (1149 ± 528 = 1677 cases) instead of the previously mentioned 18% (528 cases). We concluded that nearly four out of 10 parents of children/fetuses with a congenital anomaly who were considered suitable for referral to the genetic clinic did not make use of this option. Despite increased familiarity with genetics over the years among the community in general and health‐care professionals in particular, the EUROCAT registry does not show an improvement in the uptake rate of cases registered with the genetic clinic.
Some chondrodysplasias with short limbs: Molecular perspectives
Authors: Cohen M. Michael 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA table of molecularly defined chondrodysplasias with short limbs is provided. Several are discussed in detail, including osteogenesis imperfecta and type I collagen mutations, Jansen metaphyseal chondrodysplasia and parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone‐related protein receptor mutation, and chondrodysplasias caused by fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 mutations. The latter group includes achondroplasia, hypochondroplasia, thanatophoric dysplasia (types 1 and 2), San Diego platyspondylic dysplasia, and SADDAN. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Maka femur and its bearing on the antiquity of human walking: Applying contemporary concepts of morphogenesis to the human fossil record
Authors: Lovejoy C. Owen , Meindl Richard S. , Ohman James C. , Heiple Kingsbury G. , White Tim D. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractMAK‐VP‐1/1, a proximal femur recovered from the Maka Sands (ca. 3.4 mya) of the Middle Awash, Ethiopia, and attributed to Australopithecus afarensis, is described in detail. It represents the oldest skeletal evidence of locomotion in this species, and is analyzed from a morphogenetic perspective. X‐ray, CT, and metric data are evaluated, using a variety of methods including discriminant function. The specimen indicates that the hip joint of A. afarensis was remarkably like that of modern humans, and that the dramatic muscle allocation shifts which distinguish living humans and African apes were already present in a highly derived form in this species. Its anatomy provides no indication of any form of locomotion save habitual terrestrial bipedality, which very probably differed only trivially from that of modern humans. Am J Phys Anthropol 119:97–133, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Valproic acid treatment results in increased accumulation of prion proteins
Authors: Shaked Gideon M. , Engelstein Roni , Avraham Inbal , Rosenmann Hannah , Gabizon Ruth 
Published: October 2002

AbstractPrPSc, the only identified component of the prion, is an aberrant isoform of PrPC, a glycoprotein of unknown function. In this study, it was shown that valproic acid, a widely used antiepileptic drug, can cause an increase of several orders of magnitude in the accumulation of PrPC in normal neuroblastoma cells (N2a), and of both PrP isoforms in scrapie infected neuroblastoma cells (ScN2a). Although preliminary results indicate that valproic acid administration to hamsters inoculated with prions had no significant effect on disease incubation time, it is suggested that administration of valproic acid to humans at risk of developing Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease should be evaluated with caution.
Preserved visual function in a case of occipitoparietal microgyria
Authors: Zesiger Pascal , Kiper Daniel , Maeder Philippe , Deonna Thierry , Innocenti Giorgio M. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA 20‐year‐old man with bilateral parasagittal occipitoparietal polymicrogyria and epilepsy, from whom normal functional magnetic resonance imaging and electroencephalogram responses to visual stimuli were obtained, was found to have no visual perceptual deficits. This suggests that microgyric cortex can perform normal visual functions, despite its gross structural abnormalities.
Effect of water and hydrogen sulfide in zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate accelerated sulfur vulcanization
Authors: Shumane M. , Gradwell M. H. S. , McGill W. J. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractRubber and the model compound 2,3‐dimethyl‐2‐butene (TME) are vulcanized with zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate [Zn2(dmtc)4] accelerated sulfur formulations. When heated in dry nitrogen, Zn2(dmtc)4 is stable at vulcanization temperatures. However, it shows a mass increase when heated in moist nitrogen, indicating strong coordination with water; in a nitrogen/H2S atmosphere rapid degradation to dimethyldithiocarbamic acid (Hdmtc) and ZnS occurs. Model compound studies show that crosslinked sulfides are essentially bis(alkenyl) and confirm the absence of accelerator terminated pendant groups in the vulcanizates, while the ease with which rubber vulcanizates crystallize on cooling in a density column also suggests that pendant groups are largely absent. However, the rates of crystallization, measured as the time for the crystallization process to go to 50% completion, are slower in lightly crosslinked gels than in peroxide cures of similar crosslink density, particularly in the vulcanizates cured in a vacuum; this is interpreted as an indication that some residual pendant groups are present in Zn2(dmtc)4 vulcanizates. Water promotes the rate of crosslink formation in both rubber and TME systems, and it is suggested that the strong coordination of water with zinc in Zn2(dmtc)4 promotes its reactivity. The H2S liberated in the vulcanization process promotes decomposition of Zn2(dmtc)4 to Hdmtc, and this reaction makes an important contribution to the amount of Hdmtc that is formed in situ. The importance of Hdmtc as an accelerator and its role in providing alternative routes to crosslink formation in Zn2(dmtc)4 accelerated sulfur vulcanization are discussed. It is suggested that water, which is liberated when Hdmtc reacts with ZnO to form Zn2(dmtc)4, activates newly formed Zn2(dmtc)4 molecules; and this accounts for the beneficial influence of ZnO in Zn2(dmtc)4 formulations. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 1516–1531, 2002
On the thermal degradation of poly(styrene sulfone)s. V. Thermogravimetric kinetic simulation of polyacrylamide pyrolysis
Authors: Yang Mu‐Hoe 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe kinetics involved in the thermal degradation of polyacrylamide under nitrogen atmosphere were studied by using consecutive reactions of a kinetic model to dynamic thermogravimetric data. The model proposed correlates the thermograms obtained at thermogravimetric and differential thermogravimetric data with the same set of kinetic parameters. The first stage of polyacrylamide decomposition, where the deamonation of the polyacrylamide and the dehydration of acrylamide units and the formation of a proportion of unvolatile imides and nitrile and aliphatic organic compounds can be fitted satisfactorily when in a model based on a single reaction. The second stage, corresponding to the breakdown of the imides formed and the polymer backbone, also can be correctly represented by a model based on a single reaction. In this article, a discussion about the applicability of the model is presented and the results obtained are compared to those obtained by Flynns's and Friedman's analytical methods, respectively. The maximum decomposition temperature, shape index for dynamic condition and lifetime, and degree of decomposition for isothermal condition of thermal behavior of polyacrylamide are predicted via mathematical simulation. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 1540–1548, 2002
Synthesis and light‐emitting properties of new poly(p‐phenylenevinylene) derivatives containing oxadiazole moiety
Authors: Wang Shu , Hua Wenting , Chen Xiaohong , Hou Yanbing 
Published: October 2002

AbstractTwo new poly(p‐phenylenevinylene) (PPV) derivatives containing the oxadiazole moiety (OXA–PPV1 and OXA–PPV2) were synthesized by the Wittig condensation polymerization reaction and their thermal and light‐emitting properties were investigated. The single‐layer and triple‐layer electroluminescent (EL) devices with configurations of ITO/OXA–PPV1/Al and ITO/OXA–PPV1/OXD/Alq3/Al were fabricated. They both exhibited blue emission at 460 nm. For comparison, the PPV derivative containing the oxadiazole moiety only in the side chains (OXA–PPV2) was also synthesized. Both single‐layer and triple‐layer EL devices with OXA–PPV2 as the emissive layer emitted green‐light at 560 nm. The turn‐on voltages of the triple‐layer device was 11 V for OXA–PPV1 and 8 V for OXA–PPV2. The triple‐layer EL devices showed much better performance than that of the single‐layer devices. The spectra indicated that energy or electron transfer occurred from the side‐chain oxadiazole to the main‐chain styrene unit. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 2424–2428, 2002