bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interstitial pneumonia in simian immunodeficiency virus infection
Authors: Baskerville A. , Ramsay A. D. , Addis B. J. , Dennis M. J. , Cook R. W. , Cranage M. P. , Greenaway P. J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractInterstitial pneumonia unrelated to Pneumocystis carinii or other infections was observed histopathologically in 5 of 25 rhesus monkeys infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). The predominant lesion was lymphocytic infiltration of interalveolar septa and hyperplasia of peribronchial and perivascular lymphoid tissue. Immunohistochemical staining using a panel of antibodies against human T and B lymphocytes, macrophages, and immunoglobulins showed that peribronchial aggregates and interstitial infiltrates were predominantly B cells, whereas perivascular masses consisted mainly of T cells. One animal with a primary B‐cell lymphoma of the spinal cord had secondary plasmacytoid lymphomatous nodules throughout the lung which were accompanied locally by reactive B‐cell lymphoid follicles. Another animal also had large areas of diffuse alveolar fibrosis and epithelial metaplasia to a bronchiolar type. In two monkeys, branches of the pulmonary arteries showed intimal proliferation and organizing occlusive thrombi, some of Which were mineralized.
Parathyroid hormone‐related peptide: Expression in fetal and neonatal development
Authors: Burton P. B. J. , Moniz C. , Quirke P. , Malik A. , Bui T. D. , Juppner H. , Segre G. V. , Knight D. E. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractHypercalcaemia frequently complicates the clinical management of cancer. Many factors have been implicated in the pathogenesis of this humoral hypercalcaemia of malignancy, the most recent candidate being parathyroid hormonerelated peptide (PTHrP). Until now, this peptide has been detected only in some normal and transformed adult tissues. In recent years, it has become apparent that tumours are capable of expressing and secreting factors previously elaborated only during fetal life. Many of these factors act to stimulate the growth of both tumour and fetal cells in an autocrine manner. The data presented here demonstrate that PTHrP is expressed in the human and rat fetus throughout gestation. Immunocytochemistry reveals a gestationally related, changing pattern of expression which is paralleled by changes in mRNA transcription. These data sunport the hypothesis that PTHrP may function as a fetal growth factor.
Differential expression of integrin alpha chains by renal epithelial cells
Authors: Rahilly Maeve A. , Fleming Stewart 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe have investigated the expression of integrin chains by human renal epithelial cells during in vivo renal differentiation and in vitro cell culture on different extracellular matrices. Using the immunoperoxidase technique to visualize the binding of monoclonal antibodies to different integrin chains in fetal and adult kidneys, we found a change during development from α1β1, α3β1, and α4β1 ‐positive blastemal cells to α2β1, α3β1, and α6β1 ‐positive epithelial cells. The pattern of integrin expression correlates with the presence in the extracellular matrix of the appropriate ligands. In in vitro cell culture experiments, renal epithelium expressed α3 and α5 integrins on all extracellular matrices. Integrins α2 and α6 were found only in cells grown on a laminin‐containing substratum. Fibronectin and α5 integrin co‐localized on the ventral surface of cells grown on a laminin substratum and at the periphery of cells on glass coverslips. These results suggest that there is a close relationship between integrin α chain usage and the presence of appropriate ligands in the extracellular matrix.
Successive infection of coxsackievirus B3 and encephalomyocarditis virus: An animal model of chronic myocarditis
Authors: Okada Ikutaro , Matsumori Akira , Tomioka Nobuyoshi , Kawai Chuichi 
Published: June 2005

AbstractSuccessive infection of coxsackievirus B3 and encephalomyocarditis virus was investigated as a disease model of chronic myocarditis. Four‐week‐old C3H/He mice were inoculated with coxsackievirus B3 and then inoculated with encephalomyocarditis virus at 8 weeks old. The hearts were evaluated on histopathological changes compared with those of non‐infected mice and mice infected with either virus alone. At 10 weeks old, the hearts of the mice infected successively with both viruses showed co‐existence of fibrosis surrounding calcified lesions and marked cellular infiltration with myocardial necrosis. These findings resembled chronic active myocarditis in humans, unlike the lesions due to either virus alone. At 12 weeks old, the hearts of all the infected mice showed fibrosis with scarce cellular infiltration. The successively infected hearts also showed a significantly higher heart weight to body weight ratio than that of the non‐infected control mice, and localized wall thinning in the damaged regions. Thus, we conclude that successive infection additively causes myocardial damage that resembles chronic myocarditis and may produce a heart condition similar to dilated cardiomyopathy.
Herpes simplex virus type 1 DNA is present in specific regions of brain from aged people with and without senile dementia of the Alzheimer type
Authors: Jamieson Gordon A. , Maitland Norman J. , Wilcock Gordon K. , Yates Celia M. , Itzhaki Ruth F. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe have investigated the possible involvement of viruses, specifically Herpes simplex virus type 1, in senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (SDAT). Using the highly sensitive polymerase chain reaction, we have detected the viral thymidine kinase gene in post‐mortem brain from 14/21 cases of senile dementia of the Alzheimer type and 9/15 elderly normals. The temporal cortex and hippocampus were usually virus‐positive; in contrast, the occipital cortex was virus‐negative in 9/9 SDAT cases and 5/5 elderly normals. Temporal and frontal cortex from younger normals (five infants and five middle‐aged) were negative. Thus, the presence of Herpes simplex virus type 1 DNA is a region‐dependent feature of the aged brain.
A sensitive method for the detection of poly‐A tails of mRNA using a biotin‐labelled heteropolymer OF dT:rA
Authors: Markovic Boban , Kwan Yiu‐Lam , Nicholls E. Max , Walsh Claire , Crouch Roger L. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe have developed a highly sensitive non‐radioactive in situ hybridization technique that enables us to study the production of mRNAs in tissues. As part of the validation procedure of our methods, we examined various methods of detecting poly‐A RNA tails of mRNA. We have used three types of biotin‐labelled probes complementary to poly‐A sequences: a 25‐mer poly‐dT oligonucleotide, a polymer of dT, and a heteropolymer of dT:rA. All the probes had the same specificity of reactivity but the heteropolymer of dT:rA gave the strongest signals as visualized histochemically by the use of alkaline phosphatase as the detection enzyme. All the probes tested for poly‐A detection showed reactivity. The poly‐dT oligonucleotide showed a strength of signal comparable to published results. The biotinylated polymer of dT gave a stronger signal than that of the oligonucleotide, and the heteropolymer was the strongest of all. The strong signal seen with the heteropolymer probe is due to probe complexing during hybridization, in which additional binding between sense and antisense strands of the probe (i.e. poly‐rA and poly‐dT) amplifies the number of biotin molecules at the hybridization site; this strategy has been exploited by us as a means of visualizing low copy numbers of specific mRNAs.
The demonstration of a subset of carcinoid tumours of the appendix by in situ hybridization using synthetic probes to proglucagon mRNA
Authors: Shaw Paul A. V. , Pringle James H. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractPrevious studies using immunohistochemistry have shown variable hormone production by carcinoid tumours of the appendix. In order to confirm the existence of a specific subset of these tumours, in situ hybridization using synthetic oligonucleotide probes to detect prc‐proglucagon and pre‐proinsulin mRNA was performed in formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐ embedded material from eight tubular carcinoids, 12 insulin carcinoids, and two mucinous carcinoids. The results were correlated with standard silver and mucin stains. All tubular carcinoids but none of the insular or mucinouscarcinoids contained proglucagon mRNA. Proinsulin mRNA was not detected in any of the tumours. Tubular carcinoids of the appendix constitute a definable subset of appendiceal carcinoids which have a similar distribution and prognosis to typical insular carcinoids and can be diagnosed on hamaloxylin and eosin‐stained sections confirmed by routine special stains. The main need for recognition is to avoid confusion with mucinous carcinoids. which have a worse prognosis and may require more aggressive treatment.
Frequent expression of Epstein‐Barr virus latent membrane protein‐1 in tumour cells of Hodgkin's disease in HIV‐positive patients
Authors: Audouin Josée , Diebold Jacques , Pallesen Gorm 
Published: June 2005

AbstractEpstein‐Barr virus (EBV) is believed to be implicated in the aetiology of non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas developing in immunodeficient individuals including AIDS patients. EBV has also been associaled with Hodgkin's disease (HD), where the genomes have been demonstrated in the Hodgkin and Reed‐Sternberg cells in some of the cases. Recent evidence has shown that EBV genomes are transcribed in these cells, because the EBV‐encoded latent membrane protein‐1 (LMP‐1) can be demonstrated in the tumour cells in about half of the HD cases in HIV‐negative patients using immunohistochemistry. LMP‐1 is of special interest as a possible oncogenic agent because of its strong transforming capacity in vitro. In this study we have examined the expression of LMP‐1 in HD of HIV‐positive patients compared with HD in HIV‐negative patients. We investigated 18 lymph nodes from 16 HIV‐positive patients with HD (eight mixed cellularity, nine nodular sclerosis, one unclassified) using the CS. 1–4 anti‐LMP‐1 monoclonal antibodies, which can usually be applied successfully to archival biopsy material. In each case, 50–90 per cent of the tumour cells were labelled. Staining was excellent for both fixatives used (4 per cent buffered formalin, Bouin's fluid).It is concluded that EBV‐encoded LMP‐1 is firmly associated with HD of HIV‐positive patients. This is most conspicuous in the nodular sclerosing subtype HD in HIV‐positive patients, in which 100 per cent were LMP‐1 positive as compared with 32 per cent of nodular sclerosis HD in HIV‐negative cases in a previously published series. This difference is statistically significant (P< 0.001). The possible biological and clinical significance of this difference should therefore be studied in larger series.
Assessment of rejection in orthotopic human heart transplantation using proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) as an index of cell proliferation
Authors: Mann Jessica M. , Jennison Stephen H. , Moss Eileen , Davies Michael J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractMyocardial biopsies taken during the management of cardiac transplantation were stained for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Counts of PCNA‐positive interstitial cells were compared, in retrospect, with the reported histological grade of rejection. Biopsies without rejection had negligible numbers of PCNA‐positive cells. Ascending grades of rejection were paralleled by an increase in the number of PCNA‐positive cells [grade 1,13±35 (mean ± SD); grade 2a, 38±40; grade 2b, 91±75; grade 3, 170±78]. While highly significant, in statistical terms, the overlap in the counts between different grades means that prediction of rejection from the PCNA count alone is not feasible. Biopsies graded as 0 or 1 and which immediately preceded more severe rejection episodes showed no increase in PCNA‐positive cells. The majority of PCNA‐positive cells are fibroblasts, although in grade 2b and 3 rejection a small population of PCNA‐positive T lymphocytes occurs. PCNA staining is also seen in cardiac myocytes immediately after transplantation, during rejection episodes, and late after transplantation in the absence of rejection. The positive PCNA staining of cardiac myocytes probably reflects DNA synthesis that occurs with the shift toward polyploidy in hypertrophy.
TDM35—a new monoclonal antibody to the XH1 cervical carcinoma cell line. Characterization and immunoperoxidase localization in benign and malignant tissues
Authors: Chana Treena , Han Xin , Dagg Belinda , Lawrie Andrew S. , Gooding Roger P. , Eustace Damian L. S. , Fletcher Christopher D. M. , Heyderman Eadie 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe murine monoclonal IgG1 kappa antibody TDM35 was raised against the cervical carcinoma cell line XH1. The antibody recognizes 18.5–66 kDa NCA‐like glycoproteins and immunostains a variety of formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded normal, benign, and malignant tissues. It is of value in the diagnosis of carcinoma of the exocrine pancreas and it identifies foci of squamous and glandular differentiation in other tumours. TDM35 should form a useful addition to a panel of antibodies for the evaluation of epithelial lesions.
Flow cytometric DNA‐histogram analysis: Non‐stoichiometric fluorochrome binding and pseudo‐aneuploidy
Authors: Kubbies Manfred 
Published: June 2005

AbstractDetection of aneuploid subpopulations using flow cytometry requires stoichiometric binding of nucleic acid‐specific fluorochromes onto DNA. It is shown that parameters like cell type specificity and differentiation stage, cell cycle stage, loss of DNA‐integrity, cell preparation, and cytochemistry affect fluorochrome binding to DNA and give rise to the appearance of pseudo‐aneuploid cell populations. Intercalating as well as non‐intercalating fluorochromes show non‐stoichiometric DNA‐labelling in cell populations with identical DNA content, and pseudo‐aneuplpidy was found in flow cytometers equipped with either arc lamps or argon lasers. Pseudo‐aneuploidy was never observed with intercalating and non‐intercalating fluorochromes within identical specimens, consisting of cells of various differentiation states (e.g., bone marrow) or containing large numbers of dead cells. Therefore, fluorochromes exhibiting different base‐pair specificities or steric binding modes should be applied to be sure of the correct interpretation of small levels of hypo‐ or hyper‐diploidy (±xs 20 per cent).
Collagen fibril structure of normal, aging, and osteoarthritic cartilage
Authors: Hwang W. S. , Li B. , Jin L. H. , Ngo K. , Schachar N. S. , Hughes G. N. F. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe collagen architecture in normal, aging, and osteoarthritic articular cartilage was studied optically using a new silver staining technique based on specimens from 50 autopsy cases, four amputated limbs, and six osteoarthritic knees. In the normal articular cartilage, the collagen fibrils in the superficial zone were compactly arranged into layers of decussating flat ribbons mostly parallel to the artificial split lines. The fibrils showed a tendency to condense into vertical arcade columns undergirded by tangential bundles in the intermediate zone. In the deep zone, the fibrils formed a random meshwork with a slight preponderance of vertical fibrils in the perilacunar region.Three types of early degradative lesions involving the collagen network were identified. Type I lesions consisted of focal superficial disruptions related to age and friction. Type II lesions consisted of focal disruptions of tangential fibrils in the intermediate zone leading to cyst formation, probably representing a form of local stress failure. Type III lesions were found in the patella and consisted of marked swelling of the superficial zone, the cause of which was unknown. Lesions of varying severity were seen within each of the three types; the morphological changes of the more severe lesions overlapped with those of clinically overt osteoarthritis.
Proliferative activity determined by DNA flow cytometry and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunohistochemistry as a prognostic factor in prostatic carcinoma
Authors: Visakorpi Tapio 
Published: June 2005

AbstractProliferative activity was measured in 165 paraffin‐embedded prostatic carcinomas using DNA flow cytometric analysis of the S‐phase (SPF) and G2/M‐phase fractions and CAS 200 image analysis of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression defined immunohistochemically by PC10 and 19A2 monoclonal antibodies. No significant associations were found between the flow cytometric and the two immunohistochemical measures of cell proliferation. Of the four indices, only SPF, S + G2/M, and immunostaining with 19A2 antibody were associated with the poor histological grade of the tumour. High SPF and S + G2/M were significantly associated with poor 10‐year overall survival (P<0·001) and prostatic carcinoma‐specific survival (P< 0·01). Multivariate analyses of prostatic carcinomaspecific survival in patients with non‐metastatic disease (M0‐stage) indicated that only S + G2/M, T‐stage, and histological grade (only if re‐evaluated by a single pathologist) had independent prognostic significance. High‐level PCNA staining (> 16 per cent of cells stained) with 19A2 antibody was associated with poor prognosis only in univariate analysis, and PC10 immunostaining had no prognostic value. In conclusion, a high proliferative activity as defined by flow cytometric S + G2/M is an independent predictor of poor survival in patients with non‐metastatic prostatic carcinoma. PCNA immunostaining from formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded prostatic carcinomas has little, if any, prognostic value.
The peritubular myofibroblasts in the testes from normal men and men with Klinefelter's syndrome. A quantitative, ultrastructural, and immunohistochemical study
Authors: Martin R. , Santamaría L. , Nistal M. , Fraile B. , Paniagua R. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe ultrastructure and immunostaining with antibodies against actin, desmin, and vimentin were studied in the peritubular myofibroblasts of testes from normal men and men with Klinefelter' syndrome (KS). The seminiferous tubules were classified into five types (a–e), related to the progressive degree of sclerosis measured as thickening of the lamina propria. In control testes, only types a and b tubules were present, whereas the testes from men with KS showed types b, c, d, and e tubules. The ultrastructural study revealed abundant microfilament bundles with electron‐dense bodies in the cell periphery of the myofibroblasts in a and b tubules. In c tubules, the microfilament bundles of the myofibroblasts were lacking in electron‐dense bodies. Myofibroblasts in tubules d and e showed scanty microfilament bundles. Immunostaining of peritubular myofibroblasts with anti‐actin antibodies was intense in tubule types a–c and scanty in types d and e. Immunostaining of myofibroblasts with anti‐desmin antibodies was intense in tubule types a and b, and negative in types c–e. Immunostaining with anti‐vimentin antibodies was weak in tubule types a–c and intense in types d and e. Quantitative study revealed that with the progression of sclerosis, the number and volume per cross‐sectioned tubule of actin‐containing cells and, mainly, desmin‐containing cells decrease while the number and volume of vimentin‐containing cells increase.
Immunoreactivity of proliferating cell nuclear antigen compared with bromodeoxyuridine incorporation in normal and neoplastic rat tissue
Authors: Wijsman Jan H. , Van Dierendonck Jan‐Hein , Keijzer Rob , Van De Velde Cornelis J. H. , Cornelisse Cees J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractMonoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) against proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) represent a potentially useful tool for cell kinetic analysis of tumours. Because in paraffin‐embedded tissue the relationship between PCNA immu‐noreactivity and tumour cell proliferation is not well characterized, we have compared PCNA positivity as detected by the PC10 MoAb with the bromodeoxyuridine labelling index (BrdUrd‐LI) in two different transplantable hormone‐dependent rat mammary tumours. Together, these two tumour models (MCR‐83 and EMR‐86) cover a wide range of S‐phase fractions. Evaluating 31 methacarn‐fixed tumours, a strong but non‐linear relationship (r=0·98) was obtained. PCNA‐positive fractions were invariably higher than corresponding BrdUrd‐LIs and also higher than the estimated growth faction: growth fractions as determined by continuous BrdUrd labelling of the tumour and stromal cell population in EMR‐86 carcinomas were 12 and 26 percent lower than PCNA‐positive fractions, implying that a certain fraction of non‐cycling cells can also express PCNA. A dramatic disturbance in the relationship of PCNA positivity and the BrdUrd‐LI was observed in the EMR‐86 model after growth arrest induced by hormonal ablation: PCNA immu‐noreactivity remained detectable for at least 3 days, whereas the BrdUrd‐LI decreased almost immediately. In comparison, PCNA immunoreactivity persisted for a much shorter period in small intestinal cells that had stopped DNA replication when moving from the crypt towards the villus. It is concluded that although differences in PCNA expression exist between various tissues, PCNA as detected by the PC10 MoAb may be used in tumours as an operational marker for the growth fraction. However, this seems to be valid only under conditions of unperturbed growth.
Delay in fixation does not affect the immunoreactivity of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)
Authors: Start R. D. , Cross S. S. , Clelland C. , Silcocks P. B. , Rogers K. , Smith J. H. F. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe effect of delayed fixation on the immunoreactivity of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was investigated using eight breast carcinomas. Topologically shuffled samples of each tumour were immersed in fixative at times of 0·5. 1,2,4,6,18, and 24 h after surgical removal. In addition to a PCNA index (percentage of positive cells per 1200 tumour cells), a semi‐quantitive PCNA grading system was used, based on estimates of more than or less than 50 per cent of positive tumour cells at each time interval. The PCNA index of six tumours increased by a mean of 10 per cent with a fixation delay of 24 h. The PCNA grade of all eight tumours showed no change with delayed fixation.
Morphometry of gastric carcinoma: Its association with patient survival, tumour stage, and DNA ploidy
Authors: Hamilton P. W. , Wyatt J. I. , Quirke P. , Watt P. C. H. , Arthur K. , Ward D. C. , Johnston D. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractMorphometric image analysis of nuclear features was performed on tissue from 46 patients who had had curative resections for gastric cancer. Clinical, pathological, flow cytometric, and follow‐up data were available for these patients, which were drawn from a larger, previously reported series.1 The morphometric data were compared with patient survival, clinico‐pathological status, and DNA ploidy. Univariate survival analysis revealed that morphometric parameters were not significantly related to survival, but examination of clinico‐pathological data showed lymph node involvement, involvement of the resection margin, and lymphatic invasion to be significantly associated (P<0·01) with patient prognosis. Multivariate survival analysis using the Cox model found only lymph node and resection margin involvement to be independently related to survival. Comparison of morphometric results with the clinico‐pathological parameters showed various features, relating to nuclear size, and its variation to be significantly associated (P<0·01) with the presence of lymphatic invasion, resection margin involvement, and tumour pattern (intestinal/diffuse). A comparison of morphometry with flow cytometric analysis in these cases showed that nuclear size was not significantly related to either DNA aneuploidy or the DNA proliferative index.