bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perception of beneficiaries on motivating factors and challenges of COVID-19 vaccination: An institute-based study
Authors: Karmakar Tanushree , Sain Sonali , Dey Surya Prakash , Sarkar Aditya P. , Biswas Atanu 
Published: November 2023

Background:
The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by a newly discovered SARS-CoV-2, led to COVID-19 pandemic across the world. Vaccination played an important role in reduction in morbidity and mortality concerning the current pandemic, but there was a lack of awareness and motivation to get vaccinated during the pandemic.

Objective:
This study was aimed at assessing the motivating factors and finding out the challenges perceived among the beneficiaries receiving the vaccine at the COVID-19 immunization center of Bankura Sammilani Medical College and Hospital (BSMCH).

Materials and Methods:
This institution-based descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from June 2021 to October 2021 at the COVID-19 Vaccination Centre of Bankura Sammilani Medical College, West Bengal, among 158 beneficiaries. The study population was selected through a systematic random sampling method, and data were collected by interview with a predesigned, pretested structured questionnaire. To identify the predictor (s), variables that were found statistically significant in binary logistic regression analysis were considered for multiple logistic regression.

Results:
Motivation for vaccination was significantly (P < 0.05) higher among participants who were educated up to the secondary level. Challenges perceived were significantly (P < 0.05) higher among participants aged less than 60 years and the participants who were coming from a distance of more than or equal to three kilometers.

Conclusion:
Awareness generation program, frequent Information, education and communication (IEC) activities, etc., may alleviate these challenges and can improve vaccination coverage in the future.
Health-seeking behaviour and its determinants of health of Under–5 Children living in urban slums of Chennai, India 2018
Authors: Ganeshkumar Parasuraman , Kamaraj Pattabi , Mageswari S , Gayathri K , Gajendran Srilekha , Selvi S Karthigai , Rajan H Magesh , Balusamy M , Vijayaprabha R 
Published: November 2023

Background:
Appropriate health-seeking behaviour could help in reducing child mortality and morbidity. Information on social factors of mortality and health-seeking behaviours of caregivers of under-5 children from slums of Indian cities is minimal in literature.

Objectives:
We estimated the prevalence of health-seeking behaviour for morbidity ofunder-5 children and its determinants in urban slums in Chennai city, India.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted using a mixed-method design among primary caregivers of under-5 children living in Chennai slums, India. Two-stage cluster sampling was adopted to select 40 slums. A total of 233 primary caregivers were interviewed. Nine focus group discussions and 18 in-depth interviews were conducted among the primary caregivers. Prevalence of inappropriate health-seeking behaviour was estimated, and determinants were identified by multivariate binary logistic regression analysis. Thematic analysis was done on qualitative data.

Results:
We interviewed 233 primary caregivers. The weighted prevalence of inappropriate health-seeking behaviour for under-five children in urban slums of Chennai was 53.9% (95% CI: 46.9 – 60.8). Primary caregivers educated above secondary school were more likely (AOR of 2.3, 95% CI: 1.3–4.1) to follow inappropriate health-seeking behaviour compared to those educated below. Similarly, caregivers who were unaware of young child feeding practices (AOR of 3.6, 95% CI: 1.9–6.5) and early care-seeking and health practices (AOR of 2.5, 95% CI: 1.3–4.9) were more likely to engage in inappropriate health-seeking behaviour compared to those who were aware and we found that illness symptoms influenced health-seeking behaviour and that early disease detection might prevent severe illness.

Conclusion:
Health-seeking behaviour was found to be suboptimal among under-5 children in Chennai's urban slums. We suggest policymakers improve interventions on early care-seeking of common childhood illnesses in the urban health programme.
Effectiveness of interventional package on body image perception and self-esteem among adolescents – A pilot study
Authors: Kaur Navjot , Jiwan Triza , Pooni Puneet A. 
Published: November 2023

Background of the Study:
In adolescence various physical and psychological changes, impact their overall perception that leads to either satisfaction or dissatisfaction with body image. Adolescents can suffer from body image dissatisfaction. Counselling sessions, video and documentaries can be used to improve the body image concerns. So, this study aims to evaluate the impact of interventional package on the body image perception and self-esteem among adolescents.

Materials and Methods:
The sampling technique used to enrol 65 adolescents was simple random. Body image was assessed in the form of affective and behavioural body image perception. Two different structured scales were used to assess affective and behavioural body image perception. Pre-test was conducted to assess the body image perception among adolescents; then, documentary was shown in the form of intervention 1 and the post-test 1 was taken, again booklet was distributed as intervention 2 and post-test -2 was taken.

Results:
A statistically significant improvement in the satisfaction with weight, height, complexion, hair, teeth, buttocks, thigh and moustache, after the use of interventional package. In behavioural perception of body image, no significant association was found in pre-test, post-test 1 and 2, there is statistically significant improvement in self-esteem of adolescents, as P = 0.03.

Conclusion:
Interventional package in the form of documentary and booklet is useful in improving body image perception among adolescents. Significant improvement was seen in perception related to certain body parts.
Three years versus four years Saudi Board Family Medicine program: Graduates' academic performance, perceptions, burnout, and satisfaction with professional life
Authors: Almutairi Abdulaziz , Alrebdi Muath , Kalevaru Chandra Sekhar , Jahan Saulat 
Published: November 2023

Background:
The specialty of family medicine, established in Saudi Arabia in the 1980s, has rapidly progressed in healthcare settings and is increasingly utilized by the population as well as recent MBBS graduates. Universally, there is ambiguity in the duration, curriculum, and assessment methods used in family medicine specialization programs.

Methodology:
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 183 fresh graduates from a 3-year and 4-year residency program. Data were collected using electronic forms, which were subsequently transferred to Microsoft Excel. Following appropriate coding, the data were transferred to SPSS for analysis. The dataset was then cleaned, and statistical tests, such as Chi-square and independent t-tests, were used to draw inferences.

Results:
Males (50.3%) and females (49.7%) had almost equal distribution in the study. Overall, 67.6% of respondents had passed the final exam; the pass percentage was 69.3% for the 3-year residency program and 66.4% for the 4-year program. The overall mean score for perceived achievement of SaudiMED-FM 2020 competencies was 23.06 ± 5.52 out of a total score of 30. On comparing the 3-year versus 4-year residency program, there was no statistically significant difference between perceived competency scores and professional satisfaction scores. Among the study participants, 19 (10.4%) had ‘serious burnout’, and 22 (12%) had ‘extremely serious burnout’. Professional satisfaction was significantly associated with burnout (P = 0.006).

Conclusions:
Based on the study results, there was no significant difference regarding academic performance, perceived competencies, and professional satisfaction among the graduates of the 3-year versus 4-year residency program. Approximately more than half of the graduates had suffered from burnout which was reported more by the females and those with financial issues. The majority of the respondents suggested improvements in clinical rotation and assessment methods.
To assess the impact of training about hospital infection control measures related to hemodialysis services on the knowledge of healthcare providers (HCPs) at the teaching institution of Haryana
Authors: Singh Sukhbir , Aggarwal Hari Kishan , Pal Shekhar , Chandra Hem 
Published: November 2023

Background:
Adequate knowledge among nursing professionals toward hospital infection control measures related to hemodialysis (HD) services is essential to decrease infection among patients.

Objective:
This study assessed nursing professionals' knowledge about hospital infection control measures related to HD services and the effect of training interventions.

Settings and Designs:
It was a single group, a pre–post-interventional study conducted on nursing professionals of a single apex medical college of Haryana.

Materials and Methods:
A pretested questionnaire consisting of two parts was used as a study tool.

Statistical Analysis:
Various statistical tests such as paired t-test and Pearson's correlation were used.

Results:
The pre-intervention group had a lower mean knowledge score (mean knowledge = 90.2786, strongly disagree [SD] = 15.52682, standard error [SE] = 1.09518) and then the post-intervention mean knowledge score (mean knowledge = 137.5622, SD = 9.72252, SE = 0.68577).

Conclusions:
The training program or educational intervention proved very useful for enhancing nursing professional's knowledge about hospital infection control measures related to HD services.
To Study the Efficacy of Intraamniotic Prostaglandin F2 Alpha versus Mifepristone and Misoprostol Combination for Mid-trimester Medical Termination of Pregnancy
Authors: Kapur NM Anupam , Rao V. Saujanya J. , Tangri M. K. , Bhatt Reema Kumar , Magdum Hrishikesh 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Context:
Aims: This study aims to compare the effectiveness, induction to abortion interval, blood loss, and side effect profile between administration of intraamniotic prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2α) with a combination of mifepristone and misoprostol for medical termination of pregnancy in mid-trimester. Prospective observational study.

Subjects and Methods:
The study was conducted by dividing the women with indicated mid-trimester abortions into two groups of 20 women each. Group-I received Tablet Mifepristone 200 mg orally on day 1 and then after 48 h, Tablet Misoprostol 400 μg given per vaginally every 4 h till abortion was completed or a maximum of 5 doses whichever was earlier. Group-II received a single injection of PGF2α (250 μg) intra-amniotically under ultrasonography guidance. Group comparisons were made using t-test/Mann–Whitney U-test for normally/nonnormally distributed continuous data, respectively, and Chi-square test for categorical variables. SPSS version 23 was used for analysis. P < 0.05 was taken as the cut-off for statistical significance.

Results:
The success rate was 100% in both the groups. There was a significant difference in the mean induction to abortion interval between Group-I, the mean being 12.92 ± 2.68 h compared to Group-II being 33.08 ± 6.35 h (P < 0.001). Group-I had a mean blood loss of 221 ± 55.15 mL, significantly more than Group-II 160 ± 25.13 mL (P < 0.001). Twenty-five percent of the Group-I woman had retained products of conception with none in Group-II (P = 0.029). The pain score was better in Group II (pain score 4.4 vs. 5.7, P < 0.001). Fewer women developed chills in Group II compared to Group I (0% vs. 50%, P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
PGF2α is equally effective as a combination of Mifepristone and Misoprostol in mid-trimester abortion. Although it has a longer induction to abortion interval, it appears to be better with respect to the completeness of evacuation, lesser blood loss, and better patient tolerance.
Transition toward Technological Transformation: Challenges of Implementing Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality in the Health Sector
Authors: Ray Sougat , Tawar Shabeena , Singh Neha , Singh Gurpreet 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background:
Metaverse, the disruptive digital technology, has demonstrated significant effectiveness in the fields of preventive and cognitive therapy, diagnostics, surgical interventions and rehabilitation. Virtual Reality (VR), a part of Metaverse, integrates imaging data and input from users and deliver a 3D graphical output which can be visualised through a wearable headset. Augmented reality (AR) on the other hand, can control the presence of the user in the real world.

Methodology:
A review was undertaken of peer-reviewed literature on the emerging evidence on the applications of AR and VR in healthcare. Research studies carried out to identify effectiveness of AR and VR technologies were included.

Result:
AR & VR have been effective in rehabilitation of patients of Autism Spectrum Disorders and Mild Cognitive Impairment by improving motor skills, social skills and various cognitive indices like task learning and attention. In the surgical field, AR head mounted device (HMD) can provide three-dimensional, patient specific anatomic information during surgery. It minimises surgical complications and improves patient satisfaction. AR is of particular interest in complicated spinal surgeries and orthopaedic manoeuvres which require high level of surgical skill. AR has also been used successfully in different types of robotic surgeries as well. In several countries AR technology have been used in basic medical and advanced surgical training. Major challenges in implementing AR and VR in the field of health care persist in the domains of cyber security, ethical issues and cost effectiveness.

Conclusion:
VR and AR technology can maximise patient outcomes and rapidly develop satisfactory patient management in fields of cognitive research and surgical interventions. More clinical trials with immersive digital technologies are required. Ethical and cyber security challenges are present but there are ways to overcome them. It is our duty as physicians to participate in the development of these innovations to ensure virtual health reality benefits for our patients in real-world setting.
Evaluation of Corneal Sensitivity and Quadrature Variability in Patients with Diabetic Neuropathy
Authors: Kiyat Pelin , Kose Timur , Gümüstas Banu , Selver Ozlem Barut 
Published: November 2023

Abstract:

PURPOSE:
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the corneal sensitivity and its quadrature variability in patients with diabetic neuropathy (DN) diagnosed with electromyography and to compare these results with age- and sex-matched healthy individuals.

METHODS:
The left eyes of 32 patients who applied for refraction or fundus examination and had a diagnosis of DN by electromyography in their medical history were included in this study. Corneal sensitivity was evaluated using the Cochet–Bonnet esthesiometer (Luneau, Paris) in five zones: central, nasal, superior, temporal, and inferior. The measurements of the patients were compared with the measurements of 32 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers. Furthermore, the measurements of five corneal zones were compared with each other, and the level of correlation was investigated in each group.

RESULTS:
The central corneal sensitivity values were measured as 4.12 ± 1.04 (mm) and 5.92 ± 0.14 (mm) (P < 0.001). While the sensitivity values at the superior, inferior, nasal, and temporal quadrants were detected as 5.85 ± 0.21, 5.85 ± 0.26, 5.94 ± 0.13, 5.93 ± 0.13, and 5.92 ± 0.14 (mm) in the control group, it was measured as 3.67 ± 0.66, 3.67 ± 0.62, 3.67 ± 0.62, and 3.89 ± 0.73 (mm) in the DN group, respectively. The corneal sensitivity values were all found to be significantly lower in the DN group (P < 0.001 for all parameters) at all quadrants as well as the central cornea. Furthermore, a moderate positive correlation between all five zones in the control group and a very strong positive correlation in the DN group were found in terms of the corneal quadrature sensitivity.

CONCLUSION:
The current study revealed a significant reduction in corneal sensitivity in patients with DN. In both the control group and DN group, all corneal zones showed positive correlations which show the consistency of the measurement in different quadratures. Evaluating corneal sensitivity with a Cochet–Bonnet esthesiometer might serve as a useful screening tool in detecting neuropathy development. By taking the necessary precautions, further damage can be prevented.
Comparison of Continuous versus Pulsed Mode in Accelerated Corneal Collagen Cross-linking for Keratoconus
Authors: Karotkar Kirti S. , Karotkar Sagar A. , Bhirud Kiran M. , Lakra Mahaveer S. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract:

PURPOSE:
To compare efficacy and safety between the two modes of energy delivery-pulsed and continuous, in accelerated corneal collagen cross-linking (KXL) to stop the keratoconus advancement through topographical, visual, and refractive endpoints.

METHODS:
It was a prospective, comparative, randomized, interventional trial. Patients with bilateral progressive keratoconus were subjected to pulsed mode KXL (P-KXL) in the right and continuous mode KXL (C-KXL) treatment in the left eye. In both methods, additional supplemental oxygen was delivered to corneal surface using a nasal cannula connected to an oxygen supply. Uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) and corrected distance visual acuity, posttreatment manifest spherical equivalent and astigmatism, and corneal topography were studied. The deformation amplitude index (DAI) was measured by Corvis-ST. Postoperative follow-up was done.

RESULTS:
One hundred eyes of 50 patients underwent P-KXL in the right eye and C-KXL in the left eye. The average follow-up was 12.1 ± 1.2 months. At 1 year posttreatment, the UDVA had a mean change of 0.11 ± 0.14 logMAR in P-KXL and 0.18 ± 0.14 logMAR in C-KXL groups. The line of demarcation was observed at 251.13 ± 18.28 μ and 245.28 ± 28.26 μ deep, respectively, in P-KXL- and C-KXL-treated eyes at 6 months’ follow-up. The DAI as measured by Corvis-ST showed a significant decrease from pretreatment values of 1.12 ± 0.13 mm to 0.84 ± 0.14 mm (P < 0.01) in P-KXL eyes and from 1.04 ± 0.14 mm to 0.85 ± 0.15 mm (P = 0.03) in C-KXL eyes. Both the groups did not show any statistically significant endothelial cell loss posttreatment.

CONCLUSION:
C-KXL can give similar functional outcomes as P-KXL with the help of supplemental oxygen delivery with the added advantage of a shortened procedure time in comparison to pulsed mode.
Limbal Autograft Stem Cell Transplantation: More Than 20-Year Follow-up
Authors: Al-Motowa Saeed A. , Al-Osaily Abdullah M. , Al-Motowa Sarah , Alfarhan Abdulrahman 
Published: November 2023

Abstract:
Limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) is a very challenging situation and difficult to manage. A great works and ideas were conducted over the past 50 years. Numerous surgical techniques were proposed. We are reporting more than a 20-year follow-up of a case of limbal autograft stem cell transplantation due to LSCD secondary to chemical injury.
Online Faculty Development on Curriculum Design in Simulation-based Education by International Collaboration – An Example from the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Authors: Filipe Helena P. , Golnik Karl , Geary Amelia C. , Kilangalanga Janvier , Mack Heather G. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract:

PURPOSE:
Faculty development for procedural specialists is intended to improve clinical education and surgical/procedural skills. Despite challenging in under-resourced settings, this may be enhanced by developing international collaboration agreements and supported by online learning experiences. The Congolese Society of Ophthalmology and the International Council of Ophthalmology agreed to collaborate on implementing an online educational program to form a community of practice (CoP) of ophthalmologists educators and enhance competence in curriculum design and simulation-based education (SBE) on cataract surgery.

METHODS:
Ten Congolese ophthalmologists, faculty for the “Centre de Formation Ophthalmologique pour l’Afrique Centrale” (CFOACF), participated in a group-mentored 12-webinar modular program on curriculum design, in 2019. Considering the geo-social–cultural learning environment, we developed a curriculum framework incorporating social constructivism and experiential learning principles to facilitate the implementation of learning. Educational strategies included flipped, practice-based and social learning, group mentoring, and individual and collective reflection opportunities. A CoP was virtually nurtured using WhatsApp. Program evaluation relied on (a) feedback survey per module and 3 months upon conclusion, (b) individual declarative knowledge assessment, and (c) group assignment to test competence improvement.

RESULTS:
The CFOACF formed a virtual CoP, commented on an enjoyable opportunity to develop scholar teaching competence, expressed intention in systematically building educational curricula design that includes active learning strategies and effective feedback and showed individual learning and team-competence improvement.

CONCLUSION:
This first iteration of our online faculty development program nurtured the formation of a CoP of ophthalmologists’ educators and enabled to practice a scholar teaching approach, especially applied to SBE.
Expanding Understanding of Thyroid Eye Disease Manifestations to Include Hispanic and Black Patients
Authors: Goldstein Tova , Mostowy Marilyn , Tingley Jennifer , Rand Gabriel , Moon Jee-Young , Barmettler Anne 
Published: November 2023

Abstract:

PURPOSE:
Knowledge of thyroid eye disease (TED) is based on predominantly Caucasian populations. To date, no studies in the United States examine the presentation in Black and Hispanic patients. The purpose of this study is to introduce the presentation of TED in two previously undescribed populations.

METHODS:
This is a retrospective, cross-sectional, chart review study of patients with TED at a tertiary center using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology checklist. The main outcome measure for severity was the European Group on Graves’ Orbitopathy 2016 Severity Scale.

RESULTS:
Of the 2905 charts reviewed, 99 met the inclusion criteria. The mean age was 51 (standard deviation 16) years with 78% women. Race was 49.4% Black, 39.1% Hispanic, 9.2% Caucasian, and 2.3% Asian. Smoking rates were 25% current smokers and 14% former smokers. Manifestations were proptosis (94% Hispanic and 91% Black), eyelid retraction (85% Hispanic and 79% Black), extraocular muscle (EOM) restriction (79% Hispanic and 63% Black), eyelid edema (41% Hispanic and 30% Black), chemosis (24% Hispanic and 14% Black), and optic neuropathy (18% Hispanic and 9% Black). Overall, disease severity was 22% mild, 65% moderate to severe, and 13% sight-threatening. Older patients had increased rates of optic neuropathy (P = 0.04). Younger patients had increased rates of proptosis (P = 0.02). Socioeconomic status was not associated with disease severity (P = 0.67).

CONCLUSION:
Hispanic and Black patients with TED presented with higher than previously established rates of proptosis, EOM restriction, and optic neuropathy. Including research of different races broadens understanding of presentation and management, improving patient outcomes.