bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treponematosis and Man's Social Evolution
Authors: HUDSON E. H. 
Published: November 2004

Abstract:Treponematosis is a disease of four syndromes, caused by Treponema pallidum, constituting a biological gradient in which endemic syphilis is firmly established between venereal syphilis and yaws. Medical history offers many instances of gradual conversion of one syndrome into another under the influence of changes in the environment. Many of these transitions were reversible.The thesis here advanced suggests that treponemal infection of man originated in Equatorial Africa as yaws in Paleolithic times, that it accompanied the hunter‐gatherers in their migrations, and that it changed to endemic syphilis in cooler and dryer areas. Endemic syphilis found an exceptionally favorable environment in the village, a social invention of Mesolithic/Neolithic time which spread over the world, the New as well as the Old. When urban civilization evolved in the Middle East, conditions were favorable for the parallel evolution of venereal syphilis. It is suggested that this transition from endemic to venereal syphilis has occurred in many places where village life has been exchanged for city life. Treponematosis is a flexible disease which has changed to conform with man's social history. In this view environmental factors, including climate and man's social habits, have produced the four syndromes.This contrasts with the conventional view which regards each syndrome as a distinct disease, caused by a different parasite and originating at some historical time by a process of mutation. An outgrowth of this commonly held view is the dispute about the place where the putative mutation into venereal syphilis took place, in the New or Old World, and whether the crews of Columbus and other explorers were involved. Reference is made to treponemal lesions in ancient bones. The distribution of this archeological material over the world simply indicates the age and ubiquity of the disease.Finally, the present status of venereal syphilis in Russia is compared with that in the United States. The comparison demonstrates how social factors are paramount in determining the character of treponematosis in each country.
Book Reviews
Authors: Dark Philip J. C. 
Published: November 2004

Book reviewed in this article:ETHNOLOGY AND GENERAL: Bibliography of Torres Straits Art. Douglas Fraser. (Primitive Art Bibliographies, No. I.)ETHNOLOGY AND GENERAL: Bibliography for Olmec Sculpture. Julie Jones. (Primitive Art Bibliographies No. II.)ETHNOLOGY AND GENERAL: Bibliography of Yoruba Sculpture. Herbert M. Cole and Robert Farris Thompson. (Primitive Art Bibliographies, No. III.)
Book Reviews
Authors: Little Michael A. 
Published: November 2004

Book reviewed in this article:Physical Anthropology: Comparative Studies on Human Adaptability of Japanese, Caucasians and Japanese Americans. S. M. Horvath, S. Kondo, H. Matsui, and H. YoshimuraPhysical Anthropology: Anthropological and Genetic Studies on the Japanese. S. Watanabe, S. Kondo, and E. MatsunagaPhysical Anthropology: Physiological Adaptability and Nutritional Status of the Japanese, A: Thermal Adaptability of the Japanese and Physiology of the Ama. H. Yoshimura and S. KobayashiPhysical Anthropology: Physiological Adaptability and Nutritional Status of the Japanese, B: Growth, Work Capacity and Nutrition of Japanese. K. Asahina and R. Shigiya
Modern Mesoamerica: The Politics of Identity
Authors: CHAMBERS ERVE 
Published: November 2004

Politics and Privilege in a Mexican City. Richard R. Fagen and William S. TuohyBeing Indian in Hueyapan: A Study of Forced Identity in Contemporary Mexico. Judith Friedlander.Panajachel: A Guatemalan Town in Thirty‐Year Perspective. Robert E. Hinshaw.Población y sociedad: Cuatro comunidades del Acolhuacan. Marisol Pérez Lizaur.Princes of the Earth: Subcultural Diversity in a Mexican Municipality. Barbara Luise Margolies.Servants of the Saints: The Social and Cultural Identity of a Tarascan Community in Mexico.
From Turbans to Inverted Triangles: South Asian Social Anthropology
Authors: KHARE R. S. 
Published: November 2004

Human Fertility in India: Social Components and Policy Perspectives. David G. Mandelbaum.Robber Noblement: A Study of the Political System of the Sikh Jats. Joyce Pettigrew.Girl Students in Jaipur: A Study in Attitudes Towards Family Life, Marriage, and Career. Cora Vreede‐de Stuers.Kinship and Urbanization: White Collar Migrants in North India. Sylvia Vatuk.The Transformation of Sikh Society. Ethne K. Marenco.
BOOK REVIEWS AND NOTES
Authors: Troike Nancy P. 
Published: November 2004

Florentine Codex: General History of the Things of New Spain. Book 2: The Ceremonies, Part III. Arthur J. O. Anderson and Charles E. Dibble.Codex en Cruz: Volume 1. Charles E. Dibble.Codex en Cruz: Volume 2. Charles E. Dibble.
Serpents and Styles in Peten Postclassic Pottery
Authors: RICE PRUDENCE M. 
Published: November 2004

The snake is a symbol of nearly all Mayan buildings. That is astonishing, for one would have expected a people surrounded by luxuriant rampant flora to leave flower motifs behind on their stone reliefs as well. Yet loathsome snake confronts us everywhere.… How could anyone worship this repulsive creature as a god, and why could it fly as well? [VonDaniken 1974:103–104]If symbols …are strategies for encompassing situations, then we need to give more attention to how people define situations and how they go about coming to terms with them. [Geertz 1973:141]
The Tchambuli View of Persons: A Critique of Individualism in the Works of Mead and Chodorow
Authors: Gewertz Deborah 
Published: November 2004

In Sex and Temperament and Male and Female, Margaret Mead demonstrated that significant differences exist in the dispositions of males and females in particular cultures. In her unpublished field notes she also provided a partial explanation of why such differences should exist. In this paper I evaluate her explanation of the basis of gender differences in the particular culture of the Tchambuli, and place it within the context of more recent social psychology, particularly Nancy Chodorow's psychoanalytic study of female personality. Prompted by the recent reconsideration of Mead's work — a reconsideration I believe to be as inaccurately focused on Western categories of understanding as Mead herself was — I argue that both Mead and Chodorow fail to consider adequately non‐Western views of the self in explaining gender differences.DEBORAH GEWERTZ is Associate Professor, Amherst College, and Research Fellow. Department of Anthropology. P.O. Box 4. Australian National University. Canberra ACT 2600. Australia.
Revising Evolutionary Narratives: A Consideration of Alternative Assumptions About Sexual Selection and Competition for Mates
Authors: Hamilton M. E. 
Published: November 2004

Evolutionary narratives about the adaptive significance of human sexuality often assume that human female sexual traits evolved because females had to compete for mates and depended on male‐provisioned food. In contrast, biological theory predicts that males are more likely to compete for females. While competition among both sexes is clearly a feature of modern social life, the factors that created female dependency and competition are relatively recent developments.M. E. HAMILTON is Regional Representative, National Audubon Society. Central Midwest Regional Office. Michigan City. IN 46360.
Film Reviews
Authors: Brettell Caroline B. 
Published: November 2004

Vision of Juazeiro. 1970. Directed by Eduardo EscorelChichicastenango. 1987. A video by Claudia FeldmarComalapa: Traditions and Textures. 1987. A video by Claudia FeldmarHoly Week in Antigua, Guatemala. 1987. A video by Claudia FeldmarSacred Games: Ritual Warfare in a Maya Village. 1988. A film by Thor AndersonPeru—When the World Turned Dark. 1988. Produced by Maria Luisa Lobo and directed by Gianfranco Annichini
Book Reviews: General/Theoretical Anthropology
Authors: Smith M. Estellie 
Published: November 2004

Book reviewed in this article:Strong Societies and Weak States: State‐Society Relations and State Capabilities in the Third World. Joel S. MigdalEthnicities and Nations: Processes of Interethnic Relations in Latin America, Southeast Asia, and the Pacific. Remo Guidieri, Francesco Pellizzi, and Stanley J. Tambiah, eds.
Film Reviews
Authors: Morsy Soheir A. 
Published: November 2004

Book reviewed in this article:Daughters of the Nile. 1982. 46 minutes, color. A film by Joop van Wijk and Hillie Molenaar.Hidden Faces: A Look at the Lives of Egyptian Women. 1990. 52 minutes, color. A film by Claire Hunt and Kim Longinotto.Marriage Egyptian Style. 1991. 50 minutes, color. A film by Joanna Head.Permissible Dreams. 1983. 32 minutes, color. A film by Atiat El Abnoudi.
Writing across the Biology‐Culture Gap
Authors: King Barbara J. 
Published: November 2004

Book reviewed in this article:Primate Behaviour: Information, Social Knowledge, and the Evolution of Culture. Duane Quiatt and Vernon Reynolds. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993. 322 pp. The Use of Tools by Human and Non‐Human Primates. Arlette Berthelet and Jean Chavaillon, eds. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993. 424 pp.
Objects and Practices of Nomads
Authors: Young William C. 
Published: November 2004

Book reviewed in this article:Bedouins of Qatar. Klaus Ferdinand. The Carlsberg Foundation's Nomad Research Project. New York: Thames and Hudson Ltd., 1993. 400 pp. Nomads of Luristan: History, Material Culture, and Pastoralism in Western Iran. Inge Demant Mortensen. The Carlsberg Foundation's Nomad Research Project. New York: Thames and Hudson Ltd., 1993. 414 pp.
Book Review Essays
Authors: Shami Seteney 
Published: November 2004

Ethnography and Transnationalism: Nations Unbound: Transnational Projects, Postcolonial Predicaments and Deterritorialized Nation‐States. Linda Basch, Nina Glick Schiller, and Cristina Szanton‐Blanc.Ethnography and Transnationalism: Ethnicity and Nationalism: Anthropological Perspectives. Thomas Hylland Eriksen. Boulder
Book Review Essays
Authors: Maranhäo Tullio 
Published: November 2004

Amerindian Constructions of Otherness: From, the Enemy's Point of View: Humanity and Divinity in an Amazonian Society. Eduardo Viveiros de Castro.Amerindian Constructions of Otherness: La memoria rituale: Follia e immagine del Bianco in una tradizione sciamanica amerindiana. Carlo Severi.
Engendering History in Sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Shaw Carolyn Martin 
Published: November 2004

Book reviewed in this article: Gender, Work and Population in Sub‐Saharan Africa. Aderanti Adepoju and Christine Oppong, eds. Sex and the Empire That Is No More: Gender and the Politics of Metaphor in Oyo Yoruba Religion. J. Lorand Matory. Cutting Down Trees: Gender, Nutrition, and Agricultural Change in the Northern Province of Zambia, 1890–1990. Henrietta L Moore and Megan Vaughan.
Korean Shamans and the Spirits of Capitalism
Authors: KENDALL LAUREL 
Published: November 2004

ABSTRACTSRecent studies have taught us that “religion” is not a fixed category but an instrument of popular consciousness. While the studies' subjects have often been victims of colonialism and capitalist exploitation, cultural production through magical means need not be restricted to a society's most oppressed elements. Counter to the expectations of Max Weber, for whom capitalism marched to the drumbeat of “rationalization,” many of the clients who patronize the shaman shrines of Seoul, Republic of Korea, are engaged in high‐risk petty‐capitalist enterprises. Shamans, clients, and spirits address the seemingly arbitrary fluctuations of good and bad fortune that can bring sudden wealth or ruin, and offer wry commentary upon what their world has become.
Order out of Chaos
Authors: ACHESON JAMES M. , WILSON JAMES A. 
Published: November 2004

ABSTRACTSThe current crisis in the world's fisheries indicates the need for a different management method than that now used by Western scientists, which regulates the quantity of fish taken. The authors propose a method called parametric management, which takes into account the complex, chaotic nature offish stocks and emphasizes preserving regular biological processes in the life cycle of fish by controlling how people fish. Supporting data come from 28 folk societies, the Maine lobster industry, and the authors' mathematical model of fish stocks.
Substrate and Tool Use by Brown Capuchins in Suriname: Ecological Contexts and Cognitive Bases
Authors: Boinski Sue , Quatrone Robert P. , Swartz Hilary 
Published: November 2004

Brown capuchins (Cebus apella) at Raleighvallen Nature Preserve in Suriname have recently been discovered to exhibit object manipulation abilities in foraging, specifically frequent substrate use and a remarkable episode of tool use. The food items being processed with these exceptional skills are numerous species of morphologically diverse, thickly husked fruits, with fruit walls impenetrable even to the powerful jaws of C. apella. These fruit taxa, many in the Lecythidaceae, the Brazil nut family, are rare in Western Amazonia and Central America, regions in which capuchins have been most often studied. Based on extensive qualitative observations, we provide a preliminary description of this phenomenon within a natural history perspective.The manipulative skills of brown capuchins in Suriname are poised to upheave current understandings of tool use and object manipulation in capuchins. Moreover, the implications of these findings for the cognitive evolution of human and nonhuman primates are significant. The capacity to use tools is considered one of the major achievements of our species and figures deeply in explanations for the origin of human intelligence and behavior. Many hold that tool and object manipulation, language, social skills, and morphology are linked in primate evolution. Given that unusually complex social and communication skills are not evident in capuchins, the proposed connection between the evolution of tool use, language, and social skills in human evolution is thereby weakened. Instead, our observations in Suriname support a paradigm premised on the concept of functionally and evolutionarily distinct brain modules, [tool use. evolution of intelligence, cognitive domain, chimpanzees, seedpredation]
The Great Ape Project and Disability Rights: Ominous Undercurrents of Eugenics in Action
Authors: Groce Nora Ellen , Marks Jonathan 
Published: November 2004

The Great Ape Project is an international animal rights movement with the goal of extending rights to nonhuman primates. While the authors of this essay are sympathetic with scholars who seek to ensure humane treatment for these species, they are concerned with the growing tendency by those in the project to draw analogies between nonhuman primates and humans with disabilities. It is felt that scholars in the Great Ape Project, ignoring findings from anthropologists who have begun to study the significant sociocultural matrix that has defined and often limited individuals with disabilities, rely on assumptions about disability that can be traced back to the eugenics movement.The authors of this essay argue that if scholars in the Great Ape Project want to make comparisons between humans and apes, it should be with all humans. They feel it is both unfortunate and scientifically inaccurate for those in the Great Ape Project to blur the boundary between apes and people by dehumanizing individuals with disabilities, individuals for whom human rights are often the most precarious, [great apes, Great Ape Project, disability, eugenics, human rights]
New Anthropological Perspectives on Southeastern Indians
Authors: Saunt Claudio 
Published: November 2004

Signs of Cherokee Culture: Sequoyah's Syllabary in Eastern Cherokee Life. Margaret Bender. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 2002. 187 pp.Southern Indians and Anthropologists: Culture, Politics, and Identity. Lisa J. Lefler and Frederic W. Gleach. eds. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2002. 151 pp.Blood Politics: Race, Culture, and Identity in the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma. Circe Sturm. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2002. 249 pp.
Human Behavioral Organization in the Middle Paleolithic: Were Neanderthals Different?
Authors: HENRY DONALD O. , HIETALA HAROLD J. , ROSEN ARLENE M. , DEMIDENKO YURI E. , USIK VITALIY I. , ARMAGAN TERESA L. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractInterwoven with the debate regarding the biologic replacement of Neanderthals by modern humans is the question of the degree to which Neanderthals and modern foragers differed behaviorally. We consider this question through a detailed spatial analysis of artifacts and related evidence from stratified living floors within a 49–69 k.y.a. rock shelter site, Tor Faraj, in southern Jordan. The study involves a critical evaluation of living floors, the identification of site structure, and the decoding of the site structure in an effort to understand how the inhabitants of the shelter organized their behaviors. The site structure of Tor Faraj is also compared to occupations of modern foragers in ethnographic and archaeological contexts. When the information from the excavation of Tor Faraj is considered with evidence from other late Middle Paleolithic sites, there seems to be little basis for the claims that constraints in the behavioral organization of Neanderthals led to their replacement by modern foragers.
An Ethnographic Filmflam: Giving Gifts, Doing Research, and Videotaping the Native Subject/Object
Authors: JACKSON JOHN L. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractUsing the discussion of self‐reflexivity as an organizing principle, this article examines how mobilizing digital video technology during fieldwork opens up empirical and theoretical space for reconceptualizing the relationship between anthropologists and informants. Placing the field of visual anthropology into critical conversation with long‐standing theoretical arguments about the objectivist limitations of native anthropologists, I argue that the slipperiness of nativity as an anthropological designation helps to provide analytical tools for examining filmmaking as a kind of gift‐giving process between native ethnographic filmmakers and the subjects of their films. This article highlights some of the ways in which my own filmic and videographic exploits in Harlem, New York, mark integral connections between seeing and being the proverbial other, probing social exchanges predicated on the usefulness of low‐budget digital technology as a means of fostering politically and epistemologically valuable ethnographic collaborations.
Decolonizing Time Regimes: Lakota Conceptions of Work, Economy, and Society
Authors: PICKERING KATHLEEN 
Published: November 2004

AbstractOne of the hegemonic forces associated with the spread of capitalism is a shift in the time sense of production from task orientation to labor timed by the clock. On the periphery of the global economy, Lakota households on the Pine Ridge reservation must make fragmentary allocations of time between clock‐based wage jobs and task‐oriented forms of production governed by social relationships. Despite a long and ongoing history of state policies designed to enforce the discipline of the clock, task orientation continues to dominate Lakota time‐sense. Rather than active resistance to or internalization of clock time, Lakota practices flout time‐values that interfere with the task‐oriented demands of more materially certain, socially embedded economic activities. Lakota conceptions of time, born of their contemporary material conditions, are better understood when theoretical concepts of work and time are decolonized to remove the assumptions that emulating or opposing Euro‐Americans is of central concern.
Landscape Politics: The Serpent Ditch and the Rainbow in West Africa
Authors: NORMAN NEIL L. , KELLY KENNETH G. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractAnthropologists and archaeologists have long been interested in the intersection of social, political, and religious institutions and landscape features. Recent efforts have been aimed at elucidating the tensions between the perception and description of such features among Western and non‐Western groups. This article seeks to contribute to this project through an analysis of a series of massive ditches (c. 17th–19th centuries A.D.) in southern Bénin, West Africa. In their accounts of the region, European travelers described these features through tropes and terminology that ascribe Western military designs and exploits. With insights drawn from archaeological and anthropological data, we argue a different perspective: that groups from the West African kingdoms of Hueda and Dahomey used the built landscape to reference cosmological factors, in attempts to negotiate and shape the political landscape of the region.
In the Wake of Things: Speculating in and about Sapphires in Northern Madagascar
Authors: WALSH ANDREW 
Published: November 2004

ABSTRACTThis article discusses the interrelatedness of two sorts of speculation undertaken by Malagasy sapphire miners and traders involved in the northern Malagasy sapphire trade: first, the speculating that these people do in sapphires, and, second, the speculating that they do about the uses to which sapphires are put by foreigners. Although Malagasy people involved in the local trade know a great deal about how sapphires might be profitably traded, most of them do not know why foreigners are so interested in these stones. Dubious of foreign traders' assurances that sapphires are used in the production of jewelry, they speculate a variety of alternate, secret uses for them. In this article, it is argued that these speculations emerge out of a variety of locally developed assumptions about how the sapphire trade works, and specifically, the significant roles that deception and knowledge differentials play in its operation.
A Sensory Ecology of Medicinal Plant Therapy in Two Amazonian Societies
Authors: JR. GLENN H. SHEPARD 
Published: November 2004

ABSTRACTSensory anthropology has explored sensation as a fruitful but poorly examined domain of cross‐cultural research. Curiously, sensory anthropologists have mostly ignored scientific research into sensation, even that which addresses cross‐cultural variation. A comparative study in two Amazonian societies (Matsigenka, Yora [Nahua]) documented the role of the senses in medicinal plant therapy and benefited greatly from theoretical insights gleaned from sensory science. The study reveals a complex interweaving of cultural and ecological factors in medicinal plant selection, with sensation standing at the culture‐‐nature nexus linking medical ideas with medical materials. By synthesizing (rather than antagonizing) scientific and anthropological insights, sensation can be understood as a biocultural phenomenon rooted in human physiology yet constructed through individual experience and culture. Overcoming the limitations of a narrowly defined sensory anthropology, sensory ecology is here proposed as a new theoretical perspective for addressing human‐‐environment interactions mediated by the senses.
Representing “The World Boiled Down”
Authors: ERIKSON PATRICIA PIERCE 
Published: November 2004

ABSTRACTMuseums are object‐rich environments through which very diverse audiences move. When teams of scholars, museum educators, and exhibit designers translate research into museum exhibitions, what ways of seeing do they (un)intentionally encourage, challenge, or disrupt? When representing historic paradigms through museum media, what are the most effective ways to stimulate reflection and critique? These questions are raised in this review of the book1001 Curious Things: Ye Olde Curiosity Shop and Native American Artand the Washington State History Museum exhibit of the same name.The book and exhibit reviewed here invite us to peer through the windows of a Seattle curio shop to note particular aspects of early‐20th‐century Northwest Coast and Native Alaskan artifact trade. We learn how Ye Olde Curiosity Shop was a powerful mediator of public perception of indigenous peoples and an unexpected source of artifacts for notable ethnographic collections worldwide.