bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atomically Dispersed Ruthenium Catalysts with Open Hollow Structure for Lithium–Oxygen Batteries
Authors: Chen Xin , Zhang Yu , Chen Chang , Li Huinan , Lin Yuran , Yu Ke , Nan Caiyun , Chen Chen 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLithium–oxygen battery with ultra-high theoretical energy density is considered a highly competitive next-generation energy storage device, but its practical application is severely hindered by issues such as difficult decomposition of discharge products at present. Here, we have developed N-doped carbon anchored atomically dispersed Ru sites cathode catalyst with open hollow structure (h-RuNC) for Lithium–oxygen battery. On one hand, the abundance of atomically dispersed Ru sites can effectively catalyze the formation and decomposition of discharge products, thereby greatly enhancing the redox kinetics. On the other hand, the open hollow structure not only enhances the mass activity of atomically dispersed Ru sites but also improves the diffusion efficiency of catalytic molecules. Therefore, the excellent activity from atomically dispersed Ru sites and the enhanced diffusion from open hollow structure respectively improve the redox kinetics and cycling stability, ultimately achieving a high-performance lithium–oxygen battery.
Estimating the Parameters of a Three-Phase Induction Motor using the Vortex Search Algorithm
Authors: Montano Jhon , Garzón Oscar Daniel , Herrera-Jaramillo Diego Alejandro , Montoya Oscar Danilo , Andrade Fabio , Tobon Andres 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we present a new optimization method to estimate the parameters and torques of an induction motor (IM). The proposed method is known as the Vortex Search Algorithm (VSA), whose performance is based on the behavior of the vortices created by stirred fluids. This algorithm was compared with other four optimization methods reported in the specialized literature (grasshopper optimization algorithm, particle swarm optimization, salp swarm algorithm and sine cosine algorithm), and its solution quality, precision, and robustness were validated using two test motors. During the tests, we analyzed the minimum error between the estimated values and the values provided by the manufacturer, as well as the global error of each method and their required processing time. The results show that the VSA is an excellent alternative to estimate the parameters of an IM, as it exhibited the best performance when compared to the other optimization methods.
Gelingende Nachbarschaft
Authors: Weichelt Matthias 
Published: November 2023

ZusammenfassungIn literarischen Zeitschriften spielt die Komposition der Beiträge und die Nachbarschaft von Autorinnen und Autoren eine besondere Rolle. Die kuratierte Gemeinschaft der Texte, die hier aufeinander bezogen sind und miteinander in ein Gespräch kommen, unterscheidet sich sowohl von selbstständigen Publikationen wie von den Kommunikationsstrategien Sozialer Medien.
Autofiktion und der Strukturwandel des Privaten
Authors: Völz Johannes 
Published: November 2023

ZusammenfassungDas Genre der Autofiktion gehört zu den erfolgreichsten und meist diskutierten Phänomenen der internationalen Gegenwartsliteratur des vergangenen Jahrzehnts. Autorinnen und Autoren von Autofiktion verwenden vielfältige literarische Mittel, um das zu tun, was der Roman seit jeher getan hat: den Raum des Privaten auszuleuchten. Doch das Private der Autofiktion – so argumentiert der vorliegende Artikel – unterscheidet sich strukturell vom Begriff der Privatheit, der dem fiktionalen Roman zugrunde liegt. Am Beispiel von Sheila Hetis Roman Motherhood (2018; dt. Mutterschaft, 2020) und dessen Rezeption in verschiedenen Youtube-Formaten zeigt der Aufsatz, dass das Private, das von der Autofiktion zugänglich gemacht wird, nicht länger als Rückzugsort des Individuums zu verstehen ist. Vielmehr inszeniert und reflektiert Autofiktion ein Modell von Privatheit, in dem intensive Selbstbeobachtung in den Dienst des Knüpfens neuer sozialer Verbindungen gestellt wird. Autofiktion thematisiert das vernetzte Leben und inszeniert mit der Grenzüberschreitung von fiktionaler und nichtfiktionaler Welt ein ästhetisches Pendant des Netzwerkens. Der Artikel argumentiert somit, dass der Erfolg gegenwärtiger Autofiktion im Zusammenhang mit einem Strukturwandel von Privatheit in der Netzwerkgesellschaft verstanden werden sollte.
The Relationship Between Environmental Statistics and Predictive Gaze Behaviour During a Manual Interception Task: Eye Movements as Active Inference
Authors: Harris David , Vine Sam , Wilson Mark , Arthur Tom 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHuman observers are known to frequently act like Bayes-optimal decision-makers. Growing evidence indicates that the deployment of the visual system may similarly be driven by probabilistic mental models of the environment. We tested whether eye movements during a dynamic interception task were indeed optimised according to Bayesian inference principles. Forty-one participants intercepted oncoming balls in a virtual reality racquetball task across five counterbalanced conditions in which the relative probability of the ball’s onset location was manipulated. Analysis of pre-onset gaze positions indicated that eye position tracked the true distribution of onset location, suggesting that the gaze system spontaneously adhered to environmental statistics. Eye movements did not, however, seek to minimise the distance between the target and foveal vision according to an optimal probabilistic model of the world and instead often reflected a ‘best guess’ about onset location. Trial-to-trial changes in gaze position were, however, found to be better explained by Bayesian learning models (hierarchical Gaussian filter) than associative learning models. Additionally, parameters relating to the precision of beliefs and prediction errors extracted from the participant-wise models were related to both task-evoked pupil dilations and variability in gaze positions, providing further evidence that probabilistic context was reflected in spontaneous gaze dynamics.
Between the Lines: Integrating the Science of Reading and the Science of Behavior to Improve Reading Outcomes for Australian Children
Authors: Stocker Karina L. , Fox Russell A. , Swain Nathaniel R. , Leif Erin S. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMany Australian students fail to meet an acceptable standard of reading proficiency. This can negatively impact their academic progress, social, and emotional well-being, and increase their risk of developing challenging behaviors. These risks and challenges have been found to compound over the lifetime of the learner. Unfortunately, the proportion of Australian students who fail to meet reading proficiency standards increases as they move through their years of schooling, and reading difficulties disproportionately affect historically marginalized groups. This has raised concerns about the effectiveness of instructional approaches used within the Australian education system, particularly in reading, and prompted discussions of reform. The purpose of this review paper was to examine the contributions of the science of reading and science of behavior to our collective knowledge regarding reading development and effective reading instruction, and how this knowledge is currently being used in the Australian context. We provide a discussion on the current state of reading instruction and achievement in Australia by considering national trends, inequities, and systemic challenges. Implications and recommendations to address inequities in reading outcomes, using both the science of reading and science of behavior, are discussed.
The Buffering Effects of Right-Wing Authoritarianism on Future Anxiety: the Mediating Role of COVID-19-Related Demoralization and Perceived Risk
Authors: Mezzalira Selene , Winter Taylor , Riordan Benjamin , Scarf Damian , Jose Paul , Maldonato Nelson Mauro , Scandurra Cristiano , Bochicchio Vincenzo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn the last decade, our knowledge of authoritarianism has completely shifted from that of a personality dimension to that of a multidimensional attitudinal structure. Current theories stipulate that individuals are motivated to maintain a sense of collective security within their social group. When a group is confronted with societal threats, such as COVID-19, individuals respond by increasing their exhibition of authoritarian practices to maintain collective security. Where a sense of control cannot be maintained, it can contribute to poor psychological outcomes such as negative future outlooks. In the present study, we collected a community sample of 948 individuals to test how authoritarianism may alleviate feelings of future anxiety. We hypothesized that perceived risk and demoralization would mediate the effects of authoritarianism on future anxiety. Our results supported that demoralization is a significant mediator, in that higher authoritarianism is associated with lower levels of demoralization that in turn is associated with lower levels of future anxiety. However, we did not support a mediating role in the perceived risk of COVID-19. Our results illuminate a potential pathway between authoritarianism and the mitigation of maladaptive psychological outcomes in the face of societal threats. Perhaps encouragingly, authoritarianism was associated with morale but did not diminish the seriousness of the perceived threat of COVID-19. We suggest that morale be a point of future investigation when aiming to understand the effects of authoritarianism on maintaining groups’ collective security.
Advanced operation modes relying on core plasma turbulence stabilization in tokamak fusion devices
Authors: Na Yong-Su 
Published: November 2023

AbstractRecent progress of advanced operation modes in tokamaks is addressed focusing upon internal transport barrier (ITB) discharges. These ITB discharges are being considered as one of candidate operation modes in fusion reactors. Here, “internal” means core region of a fusion plasma, and “transport barrier” implies bifurcation of transport phenomena due to suppressing plasma turbulence. Although ITB discharges have been developed since the mid-1990, they have been suffering from harmful plasma instabilities, impurity accumulation, difficulty of feedback control of kinetic plasma profiles such as pressure or current density, and so on. Sustainment of these discharges in long-pulse operations above wall saturation time is another huddle. Recent advances in ITB experiments to overcome the difficulties of ITB discharges are addressed for high βp plasmas in DIII-D, broad ITB without internal kink mode in HL-2A, F-ATB (fast ion-induced anomalous transport barrier) in ASDEX upgrade, ion and electron ITB in LHD, and FIRE (fast ion regulated enhancement) mode in KSTAR. The core-edge integration is discussed in the ITB discharges. The DIII-D high βp plasmas facilitate divertor detachment which weakens the edge transport barrier (ETB) but extends the ITB radius resulting in a net gain in energy confinement. Double transport barriers were observed in KSTAR without edge localized mode (ELM). FIRE modes in KSTAR are equipped with the I-mode-like edge which prevents the ELM burst and raise the fusion performance together with ITB. Finally, long sustainment of ITBs is discussed. EAST established electron ITB mode in long-pulse operations. JET achieved quasi-stationary ITB with active control of the pressure profile. JT-60U obtained 28 s of high βp hybrid mode, and KSTAR sustained stable ITB in conventional ITB mode as well as FIRE mode. These recent outstanding achievements can promise ITB scenarios as a strong candidate for fusion reactors.
Why workshops work: Examining the efficacy of training trainers to train goats
Authors: Meier Jennifer , Theby Viviane , Gygax Lorenz , Hillman Edna , Fischer-Tenhagen Carola 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Experimental procedures involving farm animals are often associated with stress due to restraining. Stress can be reduced through use of positive reinforcement training, which then serves as refinement according to the 3Rs principles. Trainer skills, however, may influence the feasibility and success of animal training. The potential influence of trainer skills as well as the education of animal trainers are rarely described in literature but are necessary information for the implementation of positive reinforcement training as a refinement measure. To investigate the effect of educational programmes on animal trainers, we compared the training success of two groups of participants in training goats to elicit a behaviour that would allow simulated venipuncture. One group was educated in a two-day workshop while the other was provided with specific literature for self-instructed learning. Training success was evaluated using an assessment protocol developed for this study. A greater training success in the WORKSHOP GROUP, reflected by objective and subjective measures, was clearly supported statistically. In addition, 73 versus only 13% of the participants of the WORKSHOP GROUP and the self-instructed BOOK GROUP, respectively, stated that they could completely implement the knowledge gained in the course of this study. Our results indicate that more intensively educated trainers can train animals more successfully. In conclusion, if animal training is implemented as refinement, animal caretakers should receive instruction for positive reinforcement training.
Risk factors associated with overweight and obesity in people with severe mental illness in South Asia: cross-sectional study in Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan
Authors: Appuhamy Koralagamage Kavindu , Podmore Danielle , Mitchell Alex , Ahmed Helal Uddin , Ashworth Mark , Boehnke Jan R. , Chongtham Virtu , Chowdhury Asiful Haidar , Garcia Olga P. , Holt Richard I. G. , Huque Rumana , Muliyala Krishna Prasad , Onstenk Eline Klein , Rajan Sukanya , Shiers David , Siddiqi Najma , Manjunatha S. , Zavala Gerardo A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObesity is one of the major contributors to the excess mortality seen in people with severe mental illness (SMI) and in low- and middle-income countries people with SMI may be at an even greater risk. In this study, we aimed to determine the prevalence of obesity and overweight in people with SMI and investigate the association of obesity and overweight with sociodemographic variables, other physical comorbidities, and health-risk behaviours. This was a multi-country cross-sectional survey study where data were collected from 3989 adults with SMI from three specialist mental health institutions in Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was estimated using Asian BMI thresholds. Multinomial regression models were then used to explore associations between overweight and obesity with various potential determinants. There was a high prevalence of overweight (17·3 %) and obesity (46·2 %). The relative risk of having obesity (compared to normal weight) was double in women (RRR = 2·04) compared with men. Participants who met the WHO recommendations for fruit and vegetable intake had 2·53 (95 % CI: 1·65–3·88) times greater risk of having obesity compared to those not meeting them. Also, the relative risk of having obesity in people with hypertension is 69 % higher than in people without hypertension (RRR = 1·69). In conclusion, obesity is highly prevalent in SMI and associated with chronic disease. The complex relationship between diet and risk of obesity was also highlighted. People with SMI and obesity could benefit from screening for non-communicable diseases, better nutritional education, and context-appropriate lifestyle interventions.
The conservation status of the Nubian Bustard Nubotis nuba: a review and prognosis
Authors: Collar N. J. , Wacher Tim 
Published: November 2023

Summary
Records of the Nubian Bustard Nubotis nuba range across the drier northern component of the Sahel zone in Africa from Mauritania through Mali, Niger, and Chad to Sudan. Reports of significant hunting pressure have caused it to be treated as IUCN “Near Threatened” for almost 40 years, but information relating to distribution and population trends remains scattered, anecdotal, and unevaluated. All accessible evidence bearing on its conservation is therefore assembled and reviewed here. The lack of records from Mauritania since 1984, Mali since 1974, and Sudan since 1988 suggests that populations there may now be very small and perhaps entirely extinguished. Records from Niger and Chad remain many, thanks largely to the assiduous reporting of observations on the West African Bird DataBase (WABDaB) by researchers involved in ungulate conservation. The national nature reserves of Aïr and Ténéré (RNNAT) and Termit and Tin-Toumma (RNNTT) in Niger and the Ouadi Rimé–Ouadi Achim Faunal Reserve (RFOROA) in Chad emerge as vital to the long-term survival of the Nubian Bustard, given the accumulating evidence in both countries of (1) widespread habitat degradation and conversion, as human populations and their livestock expand in numbers and range in the Sahel, and (2) intensifying persecution, as highly mobile and well-armed local poachers plus Gulf state hunters gain increasing vehicular access to the remotest regions, depleting all huntable wildlife (a Sahel-wide bird study, 2011–2019, encountered just 16 bustards of four species – none Nubian – in 487 observation days). Populations of Nubian Bustard must now be greatly fragmented and depleted, with many entirely lost, so targeted programmes to minimise disturbance, persecution, and damage to habitat in the three key reserves (including the exclusion of powerlines) are urgently needed. Ultimately however the survival of this and other endemic Sahelian species can only be secured via a huge programme of ecologically and economically sustainable management practices.
A concrete model for a typed linear algebraic lambda calculus
Authors: Díaz-Caro Alejandro , Malherbe Octavio 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe give an adequate, concrete, categorical-based model for Lambda-
${\mathcal S}$
, which is a typed version of a linear-algebraic lambda calculus, extended with measurements. Lambda-
${\mathcal S}$
is an extension to first-order lambda calculus unifying two approaches of non-cloning in quantum lambda-calculi: to forbid duplication of variables and to consider all lambda-terms as algebraic linear functions. The type system of Lambda-
${\mathcal S}$
has a superposition constructor S such that a type A is considered as the base of a vector space, while SA is its span. Our model considers S as the composition of two functors in an adjunction relation between the category of sets and the category of vector spaces over
$\mathbb C$
. The right adjoint is a forgetful functor U, which is hidden in the language, and plays a central role in the computational reasoning.
Brief scales for the measurement of target variables and processes of change in cognitive behaviour therapy for major depression, panic disorder and social anxiety disorder
Authors: Axelsson Erland , Santoft Fredrik , Särnholm Josefin , Ljótsson Brjánn 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackground:The measurement of process variables derived from cognitive behavioural theory can aid treatment development and support the clinician in following treatment progress. Self-report process measures are ideally brief, which reduces the burden on patients and facilitates the implementation of repeated measurements.Aims:To develop 13 brief versions (3–6 items) of existing cognitive behavioural process scales for three common mental disorders: major depression, panic disorder, and social anxiety disorder.Method:Using data from a real-world teaching clinic offering internet-delivered cognitive behavior therapy (n=370), we drafted brief process scales and then validated these scales in later cohorts (n=293).Results:In the validation data, change in the brief process scales significantly mediated change in the corresponding domain outcomes, with standardized coefficient point estimates in the range of –0.53 to –0.21. Correlations with the original process scales were substantial (r=.83–.96), internal consistency was mostly adequate (α=0.65–0.86), and change scores were moderate to large (|d|=0.51–1.18). For depression, the brief Behavioral Activation for Depression Scale-Activation subscale was especially promising. For panic disorder, the brief Agoraphobic Cognitions Questionnaire-Physical Consequences subscale was especially promising. For social anxiety disorder, the Social Cognitions Questionnaire, the Social Probability and Cost Questionnaire, and the Social Behavior Questionnaire-Avoidance and Impression Management subscales were all promising.Conclusions:Several brief process scales showed promise as measures of treatment processes in cognitive behaviour therapy. There is a need for replication and further evaluation using experimental designs, in other clinical settings, and preferably in larger samples.
Frequent but Predictable Droughts in East Africa Driven by a Walker Circulation Intensification
Authors: Funk Chris , Fink Andreas H. , Harrison Laura , Segele Zewdu , Endris Hussen S. , Galu Gideon , Korecha Diriba , Nicholson Sharon 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDuring and after recent La Niña events, the decline of the eastern East African (EA) March‐April‐May (MAM) rains has set the stage for life‐threatening sequential October‐November‐December (OND) and MAM droughts. The MAM 2022 drought was the driest on record, preceded by three poor rainy seasons, and followed by widespread starvation. Connecting these dry seasons is an interaction between La Niña and climate change. This interaction provides important opportunities for long‐lead prediction and proactive disaster risk management, but needs exploration. Here, for the first time, we use observations, reanalyses, and climate change simulations to show that post‐1997 OND La Niña events are robust precursors of: (a) strong MAM “Western V sea surface temperature Gradients” in the Pacific, which (b) help produce large increases in moisture convergence and atmospheric heating near Indonesia, which in turn produce (c) regional shifts in moisture transports and vertical velocities, which (d) help explain the increased frequency of dry EA MAM rainy seasons. We also show that, at 20‐year time scales, increases in atmospheric heating in the Indo‐Pacific Warm Pool region are attributable to warming Western V SST, which is in turn largely attributable to climate change. As energy builds up in the oceans and atmosphere, during and after La Niña events, we see stronger heating and heat convergence over warm tropical waters near Indonesia. The result of this causal chain is that increased Warm Pool atmospheric heating and moisture convergence sets the stage for dangerous sequential droughts in EA. These factors link EA drying to a stronger Walker Circulation and explain the predictable risks associated with recent La Niña events.