bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RETRACTED: Response of native and alien grazers to global warming: marine heatwaves vs gradual trends
Authors: Noè Simona , Bommarito Claudia , Díaz-Morales Dakeishla M. , Guy-Haim Tamar , Ermak Khristina , Wahl Martin , Sures Bernd , Morov Arseniy R. , Rilov Gil 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
DNA characterization reveals potential operon-unit packaging of extracellular vesicle cargo from a gut bacterial symbiont
Authors: Cho Byeongyeon , Moore Grace , Pham Loc-Duyen , Patel Chirag , Kostic Aleksandar 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer-bound entities secreted by cells across all domains of life, known to contain a range of components, including protein complexes, RNA, and DNA. Recent studies on microbial extracellular vesicles indicate that these virus-sized nanoparticles, 40-90nm in diameter, readily cross the epithelial barrier and reach systemic circulation, can be detected in tissues throughout the body in mice and that 1mL of plasma from healthy humans contains up to one million bacterial EVs. They have been recently recognized for their biologically functional roles, including modulation of bacterial physiology and host-microbe interactions, hence their gain in the microbiome research community’s attention. However, the exact understanding of their functionality is still a subject of active research and debate. Here, we employ long-read DNA sequencing on purified extracellular vesicles from a common mammalian gut symbiont, Parabacteroides goldsteinii, to characterize the genomic component within EV cargos. Our findings challenge the notion of DNA packaging into EVs as a stochastic event. Instead, our data demonstrate that the DNA packaging is non-random. Here, we suggest a novel hypothesis of selective EV-DNA packaging, potentially arranged in operon units, hence providing new insights into our understanding of its genetic makeup and its potential role, underlining the importance of our findings in microbial community dynamics.
Lasing from a large area 2D material enabled by a dual-resonance metasurface
Authors: Wang Yue , Barth Isabel , Deckart Manuel , Conteduca Donato , Arruda Guilherme , Hayran Zeki , Pasko Sergej , Krotkus Simonas , Heuken Michael , Monticone Francesco , Krauss Thomas F. , Martins Emiliano Rezende 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have gained significant attention as a gain medium for nanolasers, owing to their unique ability to be easily placed and stacked on virtually any substrate. However, the atomically thin nature of the active material in existing TMD lasers and the limited size due to mechanical exfoliation presents a challenge, as their limited output power makes it difficult to distinguish between true laser operation and other "laser-like" phenomena. Here, we present room temperature lasing from a large-area tungsten disulphide (WS2) monolayer, grown by a wafer-scale chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique. The monolayer is placed on a dual-resonance dielectric metasurface with a rectangular lattice designed to enhance both absorption and emission; resulting in an ultralow threshold operation (threshold well below 1 W/cm2). We provide a thorough study of the laser performance, paying special attention to directionality, output power, and spatial coherence. Notably, our lasers demonstrated a coherence length of over 30 μm, which is several times greater than what has been reported for 2D material lasers so far. Our realisation of a single-mode laser from a CVD-grown monolayer presents exciting opportunities for integration and the development of novel applications.
Breast implant is associated with higher positive cardiac testing leading to a higher utilization of coronary angiography despite lower presence of coronary disease
Authors: Movahed Mohammad Reza , Irannejad Kyvan , Venard Emma , Keating Luke , Hashemzadeh Mehrnoosh , Hashemzadeh Mehrtash 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Breast implants interfere with myocardial perfusion imaging (SPECT) and echocardiographic windows leading to increased false positive results. To validate this concept, we hypothesized that patients with breast implants should have higher positive cardiac testing and coronary angiogram with lower percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) rates compared to women without a breast implant.
Methods
Using ICD 10 codes for breast implants, abnormal results of cardiac functional study, coronary angiogram, and percutaneous coronary interventions, we evaluated any association between these parameters in adult women with breast implants utilizing the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database.
Results
A total of 45,015 women had abnormal cardiac functional studies. A total of 1,871,335 women 18 or older underwent coronary angiography and 865,020 of them underwent PCI. Women with breast implants were 10 years younger with abnormal cardiac functional tests (55.06 vs 65.06 years, p < 0.001). Furthermore, the breast implant cohort had a higher abnormal cardiac functional study which was significant after adjusting for age and comorbidities (OR1.4, CI 0.89-2/28, p = 0.02). Adult women with breast implants had also a significantly higher rate of coronary angiography after age and multivariate adjustment (OR: 1.3, CI: 1.18–1.46, P < 0.001) but a lower rate of PCI (35.7% vs 46.2%, P < 0.001, unadjusted OR: 0.65, CI 0.54–0.78, adjusted OR 0.78, CI 0.65–0.95, P = 0.01).
Conclusions
Women with breast implants had higher adjusted positive cardiac functional studies, higher rates of coronary angiography, and lower rates of PCI consistent with our hypothesis that breast implant interference can increase abnormal cardiac testing leading to an increase in the utilization of coronary angiography.
Development of a formula for estimated glomerular filtration rate in pregnant women from physiological hyperfiltration of serum creatinine
Authors: Ahn Kwangjin , Lee Taesic , Kang Jieun , Choi Seong Jin , Hwang Sangwon , Seo Dong Min , Cho Jooyoung , Uh Young 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Increased body fluids during pregnancy complicates the application of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) formulas that are based on body surface area. Furthermore, gestational renal dysfunction cannot be identified if the serum creatinine (SCr) concentration is within the non-pregnant reference interval (RI) despite inadequate pregnancy-related renal hyperfiltration. 1,484 SCr measurements from 957 healthy pregnant women were collected. The average SCr value of gestational week (GW) 0–3 was the representative SCr value of non-pregnant status. While the distribution of SCr measurements varied across GWs, it was transformed into a normal distribution using the bootstrap resampling method. A polynomial linear regression method was applied to achieve a continuous and smooth transformation of values. The normally distributed SCr values of each GW were compared to the non-pregnant status, leading to the calculation of SCr hyperfiltration. The final equation, (2\(-\)SCr (µmol/L)\(/\)55.25)\(\times\)103.1\(\times\)55.25\(/\) (56.7\(-\)0.223\(\times\)GW\(-\)0.113\(\times\)GW2\(+\)0.00545\(\times\)GW3\(-\) 0.0000653\(\times\)GW4), and reference intervals for both SCr and eGFR for each GW were obtained. These RIs and novel equations can be effectively used to monitor renal dysfunction in pregnant women.
LLaMa Assisted Reverse Engineering of Modern Ransomware: A Comparative Analysis with Early Crypto-Ransomware
Authors: Vasconcelos Felipe Eduardo , Almeida Gabriela Souza 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The evolution of ransomware from crypto-ransomware to sophisticated data theft ransomware presents new challenges in cybersecurity. This study investigates the strategic shift in ransomware tactics, emphasizing covert communication and advanced data exfiltration methods. Utilizing the LLaMa-12B model and IDA Pro for reverse engineering, the research delves into the operational intricacies of contemporary ransomware, contrasting recent data theft variants like AlphV and Black Basta with early crypto-ransomware examples like TeslaCrypt and WannaCry. The findings highlight the necessity for adaptive cybersecurity strategies, incorporating advanced detection systems to recognize ransomware activities. The study underscores the importance of expanding research to a broader range of ransomware samples and integrating AI and machine learning technologies for a comprehensive understanding of these evolving threats. The limitations, primarily the research's focus on specific ransomware samples and the subjective interpretation of the LLaMa-12B model's analysis, are acknowledged. Future research should aim to refine AI-driven techniques and develop standardized analysis frameworks, enhancing the effectiveness of cybersecurity defenses against ransomware.
Soil quality evaluation for reclamation of the waste dumps of Hequ open-pit coal mine based on a soil management assessment framework
Authors: li Yue , Zhao Hongbao , Liu Jiashun 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
It is imperative to comprehend the influence of reclamation on soil quality (SQ) and function to implement effective soil restoration strategies for a particular area. The primary objective of this study was to develop soil quality indexes (SQIs) to reveal the changes in SQ during the restoration of vegetation in the reclaimed waste dumps of the Hequ open-pit coal mine. The study built an SQI evaluation model for waste dumps based on the soil management assessment framework (SMAF). The total data set (TDS) consisted of nine physicochemical property indicators that were subsequently analyzed. The selection of the minimum data set (MDS) involved the utilization of principal component analysis (PCA) and Norm values. The SQ was comprehensively evaluated for nine indicators, taking into account the non-linear membership function and the improved Nemerow index. The weighted additive method was employed to compute three SQIs, all of which yielded satisfactory outcomes. The findings suggested a noTablele disparity in the SQ between the reclaimed area and the unreclaimed area, yet the overall SQ fell short. The sequence of SQ in various waste dumps was as follows: No.4lower>No.1> No.2> No.3> No.4upper. The non-linear membership function indicated that pH, available nitrogen (AN), available phosphorus (AP), surface moisture content (SMC), and bulk density (BD) were crucial in limiting SQIs in total waste dumps. The crucial limiting SQIs in unreclaimed areas were total phosphorus (TP) and total nitrogen (TN). This analysis demonstrates its efficacy in formulating strategies for the SQ evaluation and targeted soil reclamation plans of waste dumps.
Influence of Ca-substituted K-induced cluster defects on the electronic structure and optical properties of KDP crystals
Authors: Zhao Longfeng , Hong Wei , Liu Tingyu , Hu Hao , Zhu Jiachen 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This paper elucidates the compensation mechanism that ensures electrical neutrality following the substitution of Ca for the K-site. It utilizes density functional theory (DFT) to quantify the impact of defect clusters (specifically CaK-VK / CaK-VH) on potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) crystals. Hybrid Functional HSE06 and FNV are employed for correcting band edge problems and defect formation energies, respectively. Cluster defects in PE-KDP and FE-KDP were computed using GULP. The calculated results indicate that CaK is compensated by VK in PE-KDP and CaK is compensated by VH in FE-KDP, respectively. The calculated defect formation energies demonstrate the readiness of forming 0 and -1 valence defects in both structures, while the +1 valence defect does not occur. Furthermore, the electronic structure analysis reveals significant lattice distortions in the presence of K vacancies within the PE-KDP structure. Upon conducting an analysis of the density of states, it has been determined that the reduction in the band gap can be attributed to the presence of Ca2+. Furthermore, its impact is primarily observed in the modification of the conduction band's lower boundary. Spectral analysis indicates that FE-KDP exhibits absorption and emission peaks within the UV range, suggesting its stability. In contrast, PE-KDP does not exhibit an absorption peak within the visible range but does emit additional light at 2.89 eV(429nm), when the electron jumps between the defect transition level and VBM. The calculated results implies that the presence of defects diminishes the efficiency of laser irradiation. This study provides valuable theoretical guidance for the practical implementation of KDP crystals.
Identifying Long COVID Definitions, Predictors, and Risk Factors using Electronic Health Records: A Scoping Review
Authors: Luke Rayanne Anderson , Shaw George , Clarke Geetha S. , Mollalo Abolfazl 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Objective
Long COVID, or post-COVID condition, is characterized by a range of physical and psychological symptoms and complications that persist beyond the acute phase of the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19). However, this condition still lacks a clear definition. This scoping review explores the potential of electronic health records (EHR)-based studies to characterize long COVID.
Methods
We screened all peer-reviewed publications in the English language from PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science databases until September 14, 2023. We identified studies that defined or characterized long COVID based on EHR data, regardless of geography or study design. We synthesized these articles based on their definitions, symptoms, and predictive factors or phenotypes to identify common features and analytical methods.
Results
We identified only 20 studies meeting the inclusion criteria, with a significant majority (n = 17, 85%) conducted in the United States. Respiratory conditions were significant in all studies, followed by poor well-being features (n = 17, 85%) and cardiovascular conditions (n = 14, 70%). Some articles (n = 8, 40%) used a long COVID-specific marker to define the study population, relying mainly on International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) codes and clinical visits for post-COVID conditions. Among studies exploring plausible long COVID (n = 12, 60%), reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and antigen tests were the most common identification methods. The time delay for EHR data extraction post-test varied, ranging from four weeks to more than three months; however, most studies considering plausible long COVID used a waiting period of 28 to 31 days.
Conclusion
Our findings suggest a limited global utilization of EHR-derived data in defining or characterizing long COVID, with 60% of these studies incorporating a validation step. Future meta-analyses are essential to assess the homogeneity of results across different studies.
Spatiotemporal dynamics and driving factors of fractional vegetation cover in Hainan Island based on Google Earth Engine platform
Authors: zhang lin 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Fractional vegetation cover (FVC) has been one of the most widely utilized indicators to assess the vegetation growth status for the better ecological environment. The spatiotemporal evolution of FVC and its driving factors can also be crucial to promote the ecological civilization and the sustainable development in agriculture and animal husbandry. However, the large-scale and long-term FVC research is often required to deal with the massive image data, leading to the significant challenges on research advancement. The Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform can be expected to offer the new and effective solutions. In this study, we used the GEE platform to invert the FVC of Hainan Island from 2000 to 2020 based on Landsat images by using pixel binary model. We analyzed the spatiaotemporal dynamics of FVC, and used structural equation and geographic detector model to analyze the response mechanisms of FVC changes to climate, topography and human activities in Hainan Island. The results showed that the annual growth rate of FVC in Hainan island was 0.0025/a, and the area of vegetation improvement and degradation accounted for 81.16% and 18.84% of the total area, respectively. The trend of FVC change was mainly characterized by non-significant and extremely significant improvement, accounting for 35.34% and 29.38% of the study area. Future vegetation was dominated by weak counter-persistent increase and weak persistent increase. We identified land use type, elevation, slope, and population density as the major factors affecting the spatial distribution of FVC in the study area. Our results also reveal the optimal range of each factor that promote vegetation growth. These findings can provide some ignificant implications to guide the ecological environment protection for the sustainable development in Hainan Island of China.
Optimal Fuzzy Modus Ponens and Tollens Algorithm Based on KSI Principle
Authors: Kwak Son-Il , Yu Hyon-U , Jang Yon-Ju , Hwang Chol-Jun , Ri Ok-Sim , Chae Hyok-Gi 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
L. A. Zadeh has proposed the Compositional rule of inference (CRI) in fuzzy reasoning in 1975. But Zadeh’s CRI has some shortcomings that do not satisfy the reductive property. To overcome the shortcomings of the CRI, Compensating Fuzzy Reasoning (CFR) method was proposed by [15]. Its idea is called KSI Principle, which does satisfy the reductive property. In this paper we propose a new optimal approximate reasoning method based on KSI principle. Our new method is based on obtaining fuzzy reasoning results based on moving difference obtained from a given fuzzy premise and fuzzy antecedents, obtaining new fuzzy premises from the moving difference of this reasoning results and the consequent fuzzy set, and then iteratively obtaining the new reasoning results different from the previous reasoning results by fuzzy moving difference obtained from these fuzzy premises and the antecedent fuzzy set until the objective function is satisfied. Proposed method is better in accordance with human thinking than the previous Zadeh’s CRI method.
Development and Multinational Validation of the War-related Media Exposure Scale (WarMES)
Authors: Fekih-Romdhane Feten , Helmy Mai , Alhuwailah Amthal , Shuwiekh Hanaa Ahmed Mohamed , Maalej Emna , Naser Abdallah Y , Obeid Sahar , Cheour Majda , Hallit Souheil 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background: Millions of people witnessing early, repeated media coverage of wars and armed conflicts are at heightened risk of developing both acute and chronic mental health conditions. However, the vast majority of literature available on the field is based on measures with unverified psychometric qualities. This study’s purpose was to design and validate a new self-report scale to specifically measure the extent of exposure to media content related to war, i.e. the War-related Media Exposure Scale (WarMES).
Method: A cross-sectional cross-national study based on 2635 community adults from five countries (Tunisia, Kuwait, Egypt, Jordan, Oman). The WarMES was administered to all participants, along with other measures to determine concurrent validity of the scale (depression and stress).
Results: Exploratory Factor Analysis performed on an initial pool of 18 items indicated that a 9-item one factor model fits the data well, which was then confirmed by Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Support for the WarMES's internal consistency reliability was provided by excellent McDonald ω and Cronbach’s α values (0.96). The psychometric properties of the WarMES are equivalent between males and females, as well as between respondents of different nationalities. Evidence for concurrent validity was provided by demonstrating that war-related media exposure scores positively correlated with stress and depression.
Conclusion: Findings suggest that the WarMES is valid, reliable and allows to accurately measure the amount of time spent viewing war-content on media. Future validation studies are warranted to ensure that the WarMES maintains the same measurement properties in other languages and cultural contexts.
Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis: Why Are We Still Using a Nasogastric Tube at Diagnosis
Authors: Delforge Xavier , Carolina Daniela , Lachambre Clémence , Ammar-Khodja Noémie , Buisson Philippe , Hamzy Mounia , Haraux Elodie , Miclo Matthieu 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Purpose: In patients presenting with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, the placement of a nasogastric tube (NGT) before surgery is supposed to prevent the aspiration of gastric fluid into the lungs. The objective of the present study was to determine whether or not a NGT prevents respiratory complications.
Methods: A cohort of 87 patients from a prospectively maintained database were retrospectively included in the study; we compared patients with vs. without NGT placement before surgery. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of respiratory complications.
Results: Three patients (two patients in the no-NGT group and one in the NGT group) presented severe respiratory complications; even though there was no evidence of lung aspiration, these adverse events obliged us to discontinue the study.There were no differences between the NGT and no-NGT groups with regard to the time to correction of the electrolyte imbalance, the time to complete oral refeeding, the length of hospital stay, and the incidence of other complications. The level of pre-operative discomfort appeared to be higher in the NGT group.
Conclusion: In patients with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, avoiding pre-operative NGT placement is potentially unsafe in some circumstances. Although our results did not argue in favor of NGT placement overall, more evidence is required.