bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of altered peptide ligand‐mediated antagonism of human GAD65‐responsive CD4+ T cells by non‐antagonizable T cells
Authors: Gebe John A. , Masewicz Susan A. , Kochik Sharon A. , Reijonen Helena , Nepom Gerald T. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractAltered peptide ligands derived from T cell‐reactive self antigens have been shown to be protective therapeutic agents in animal models of autoimmunity. In this study we identified several altered peptide ligands derived from the type 1 diabetes‐associated autoantigen human glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (hGAD65) epitope that were capable of antagonizing a subset of a panel of human CD4+ GAD65 (555–567)‐responsive T cell clones derived from a diabetic individual. While no altered peptide ligand was able to antagonize all six clones in the T cell panel, a single‐substituted peptide of isoleucine to methionine at position 561, which resides at the TCR contact p5 position, was able to antagonize five out of the six hGAD65‐responsive clones. In a mixed T cell culture system we observed that altered peptide ligand‐mediated antagonism is inhibited in a dose‐dependent manner by the presence of non‐antagonizable hGAD65 (555–567)‐responsive T cells. From an analysis of the cytokines present in the mixed T cell cultures, interleukin‐2 was sufficient to inhibit altered peptide ligand‐induced antagonism. The inhibition of altered peptide ligand‐mediated antagonism of self‐antigen‐responsive T cells by non‐antagonizable T cells has implications in altered peptide ligand therapy where T cell antagonism is the goal.
Attracting and selecting: What psychological research tells us
Authors: Ryan Ann Marie , Tippins Nancy T. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractHR practitioners often have misperceptions regarding research findings in the area of employee selection. This article reviews research on what selection tools work, what recruitment strategies work, how selection‐tool use relates to workforce diversity, and what staffing and recruiting processes lead to positive applicant perceptions. Knowledge and implementation gaps in these areas are discussed, and key research findings are presented. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Performance management and assessment: Methods for improved rater accuracy and employee goal setting
Authors: London Manuel , Mone Edward M. , Scott John C. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThis article examines the gaps between research and practice in the areas of rater accuracy and goal setting. Prior research has shown that human resource managers may incorrectly believe that training raters to recognize errors will increase rater accuracy and that employee participation in goal setting is more effective than assigning goals. Theory‐based research suggests ways to help raters recognize expected performance and enable employees to self‐regulate their pursuit of goals. We describe applications of these findings to performance management programs and suggest methods for evaluating their effectiveness once implemented. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Managing a downsizing process
Authors: Cascio Wayne F. , Wynn Peg 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThis article identifies five gaps between research and practice in the area of employment downsizing. Each area includes psychological research findings that should promote better management practices. Two organizations that successfully bridged the gap between research and practice are presented as examples of how to manage strategic and interpersonal processes effectively when there is pressure to downsize employees. One organization did downsize 8,000 employees as a last resort, while the other took creative steps to avoid any employment downsizing. The article concludes with suggestions for enhancing the effectiveness of downsizing efforts even further, and for evaluating the actions taken. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Human skin cell cultures onto PLA50 (PDLLA) bioresorbable polymers: Influence of chemical and morphological surface modifications
Authors: Garric Xavier , Molès Jean‐Pierre , Garreau Henri , Guilhou Jean‐Jacques , Vert Michel 
Published: November 2004

AbstractPoly(α‐hydroxy acid)s derived from lactic and glycolic acid are bioresorbable polymers which can cover a large range of thermal, physical, mechanical, and biological properties. Human keratinocytes have been shown as able to grow on a poly(DL‐lactic acid) film. However the keratinocyte growth was delayed with respect to culture on standard tissue culture polystyrene, even though the same plateau level was observed after 2 weeks. In order to improve the performance of poly(DL‐lactic acid) films as skin culture support, their surface was modified by creating tiny cavities using a method based on the leaching out of poly(ethylene oxide) from poly(lactic acid)–poly(ethylene oxide) heterogeneous blends. The surface of the films was also chemically modified by alkaline attack with sodium hydroxide and by type‐I collagen coating. Murine fibroblast cell line and primary cultures of human fibroblasts and of two types of keratinocytes were allowed to adhere and to grow comparatively on the different films. The presence of cavities affected neither the adhesion of dermal fibroblasts nor that of keratinocytes. Only keratinocyte proliferation was significantly reduced by the presence of cavities. Collagen coating improved skin cell adhesion and proliferation as well, except in the case of murine fibroblasts. In the case of the NaOH treatments, similar trends were observed but their extent depended on the treatment time. In the case of chemical modifications, fluorescence microscopy bore out adhesion and proliferation tendencies deduced from MTT tests. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 72A: 180–189, 2005
In vitroandin vivobiocompatibility evaluation of a polyalkylimide hydrogel for soft tissue augmentation
Authors: Ramires P.A. , Miccoli M.A. , Panzarini E. , Dini L. , Protopapa C. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractInjectable fillers are commonly used in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery to correct serious and slight aesthetic defects due to their low invasiveness and an easy implant technique procedure. Synthetic hydrogels are proposed as filler materials for their similarity with soft tissue and to avoid many disadvantages of naturally derived materials such as short persistence, allergenicity, and immunogenicity. Our studies are focused on the biocompatibility evaluation of a polyacrylic hydrogel containing alkylimide‐amide groups and pyrogen free water (96%) (Bio‐Alcamid®) by means of thein vitrocytotoxicity and mutagenicity assays and thein vivoskin irritation, sensitization test, and subcutaneous implant. All tests conducted on Bio‐Alcamid® showed no toxicity. It is a substance easy to inject and remove; it does not migrate, and its safety allows it to be a suitable filler for the correction of slight and also very serious aesthetic defects. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 72B: 230–238, 2005
Effect of 3,4‐di(OH)‐cinnamate synthetic derivative on plasma and hepatic cholesterol level and antioxidant enzyme activities in high cholesterol‐fed rats
Authors: Park Eun‐Jin , Lee Sangku , Jeong Tae‐Sook , Bok Song‐Hae , Lee Mi‐Kyung , Park Yong Bok , Choi Myung‐Sook 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe effect of 3,4‐di(OH)‐phenylpropionic acid (L‐phenylalanine methyl ester) amide (SL‐1063), a synthetic derivative of 3,4‐di(OH)‐cinnamate, on the cholesterol metabolism and antioxidant enzyme system was examined in rats. Diets that included either SL‐1063 (0.046%, w/w) or lovastatin (0.02%, w/w) as a supplement, plus 1 g cholesterol/100 g diet were fed to rats ad libitum for 5 weeks. The total plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels were significantly lowered by the SL‐1063 supplement compared to the control group. Meanwhile, the levels of plasma HDL‐cholesterol and ratio of HDL‐cholesterol/total cholesterol (%) were significantly higher in the SL‐1063 group than in the control group. However, the lovastatin supplement did not affect the plasma lipid level. The hepatic cholesterol level and 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl‐CoA (HMG‐CoA) reductase activity were significantly lowered in the lovastatin group compared to the SL‐1063 group; however, the hepatic triglyceride level did not differ among the groups. The activity of hepatic acyl CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT), the enzyme that catalyzes hepatic cholesterol esterification, was significantly lower in the lovastatin and SL‐1063 groups than in the control group. Furthermore, the SL‐1063 supplement elevated the excretion of fecal sterols. As regards the hepatic antioxidant enzyme system, the superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px), and glutathione reductase (GR) activities were all significantly higher in the SL‐1063 group compared to the control group, whereas only the GR activity was significantly increased by the lovastatin supplement. No marked difference in the GSH levels and glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activities was observed among the groups. The levels of plasma and hepatic thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were lowered by the SL‐1063 supplement compared to the control group. Accordingly, the current results suggest that SL‐1063, a synthetic derivative of 3,4‐di(OH)‐cinnamate, is effective in lowering the plasma lipids and improving the antioxidant enzyme system. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 18:279–287, 2004 Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.20036
Off‐axis electron holography of magnetic nanowires and chains, rings, and planar arrays of magnetic nanoparticles
Authors: Dunin‐Borkowski Rafal E. , Kasama Takeshi , Wei Alexander , Tripp Steven L. , Hÿtch Martin J. , Snoeck Etienne , Harrison Richard J. , Putnis Andrew 
Published: November 2004

AbstractA selection of recent results illustrating the application of off‐axis electron holography to the study of magnetic microstructure in closely‐spaced nanoparticles and nanowires is reviewed. Examples are taken from the characterization of FeNi nanoparticle chains, Co nanoparticle rings, two‐dimensional arrays of naturally occurring magnetite crystals in minerals, and single crystalline Co nanowires. Approaches that can be used to separate the magnetic signal of interest from the mean inner potential contribution to the measured holographic phase shift are described, and the spatial and phase resolution that can be achieved are discussed. Microsc. Res. Tech. 64:390–402, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Olfactory morphology of carcharhinid and sphyrnid sharks: Does the cephalofoil confer a sensory advantage?
Authors: Kajiura Stephen M. , Forni Jesica B. , Summers Adam P. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractMany hypotheses have been advanced to explain the adaptive significance of the sphyrnid cephalofoil, including potential advantages of spacing the olfactory organs at the distal tips of the broad surface. We employed comparative morphology to test whether the sphyrnid cephalofoil provides better stereo‐olfaction, increases olfactory acuity, and samples a greater volume of the medium compared to the situation in carcharhiniform sharks. The broadly spaced nares provide sphyrnid species with a significantly greater separation between the olfactory rosettes, which could lead to an enhanced ability to resolve odor gradients. In addition, most sphyrnid species possess prenarial grooves that greatly increase the volume of water sampled by the nares and thus increase the probability of odorant encounter. However, despite a much greater head width, and a significantly greater number of olfactory lamellae, scalloped hammerhead sharks do not possess a greater amount of olfactory epithelial surface area than the carcharhiniform sandbar sharks. Therefore, sphyrnid sharks might not possess any greater olfactory acuity than carcharhinids. Despite this, there are clear olfactory advantages to the cephalofoil head morphology that could have led to its evolution, persistence, and diversification. persistence, and diversification. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enhanced extraction capacity and chemical noise reduction in solid‐phase microextraction
Authors: Moeder Monika , Schrader Steffi 
Published: November 2004

AbstractSolid‐phase microextraction fibres with different lengths, coatings (polydimethylsiloxane, polyacrylate, Carbowax/divinylbenzene), film thicknesses, and mounting techniques were examined in combination with GC‐MS with regard to their enhanced extraction capacities and fibre ‘bleeding’. A series of phenols and halogenated aromatics with diverse physicochemical properties were investigated to characterize the effects of the enhanced extraction capacities of solid‐phase microextraction fibres. Fibre extension was found to be effective for the microextraction of compounds with high log Kow values, whereas increasing both coating thickness and fibre length is most effective for the microextraction of more polar compounds such as phenols. Almost no bisphenol A was released when custom‐made polydimethylsiloxane fibres were used, finally eliminating a drawback of endocrine disrupter analysis by solid‐phase microextraction.
Identiﬁcation of the main phenolic compounds in wood of Ceratonia siliqua by GC‐MS
Authors: Balaban Mualla 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe tannin composition of wood of Ceratonia siliqua (carob) was studied using GC‐MS and classical chemical assays. Aqueous methanolic extracts of carob heartwood and sapwood were fractionated using organic solvents of increasing polarity, and GC‐MS analyses were performed before and after hydrolysis. Prior to hydrolysis, gallic acid, catechin and its derivatives, methyl inositol and chalcone were determined as the major compounds found in the free form. Aqueous fractions of both wood types were hydrolysed with hydrochloric acid in methanol and extracted with organic solvents and water. These fractions were rich in methyl inositol, gallic acid, glucose and other monosaccharides. The results show that carob wood contains predominantly gallotannins and proanthocyanidins. The technique employed is shown to be a valuable tool and an alternative method to HPLC determination of hydrolysable tannin composition. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Capillary electrophoresis of the major anions and cations in leaf extracts of woody species
Authors: Warren Charles R. , Adams Mark A. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractCapillary electrophoresis methods are described for the analysis of the major inorganic anions (nitrite, nitrate, chloride, sulphate, phosphate), organic acids (oxalate, malate, citrate, succinate) and inorganic cations (ammonium, potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium) in leaf extracts. Analytical performance was validated for extracts from leaves of four sclerophyllous species: Eucalyptus globulus, E. cladocalyx, E. nitens and Pinus radiata. Inorganic anions and organic acids were analysed in a single run within 5 min using a background electrolyte of 2,6‐pyridinedicarboxylic acid (20 mm) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (0.5 mm). Cations were analysed in a separate run also within 5 min using imidazole (10 mm) and 18‐crown‐6 (2 mm) as background electrolyte. Replicate injections were highly repeatable when the capillary was rinsed between runs with hydrochloric acid (0.25 m) and background electrolyte, but not when the acid rinse was omitted or replaced by a rinse with sodium hydroxide (0.25 m). Standard curves for all analytes were linear over the range of 0.05–1 mm. Standard curves constructed by serial dilution of a leaf extract were also highly linear, and this, combined with the excellent recovery of added solutes in a spike and recovery test, suggests quantiﬁcation was unaffected by the complex matrix that is present in un‐puriﬁed, hot water extracts of leaves. There were signiﬁcant differences in concentrations of the major anions and cations between the species studied. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Accurate heats of formation and acidities for H3PO4, H2SO4, and H2CO3 from ab initio electronic structure calculations
Authors: Alexeev Yuri , Windus Theresa L. , Zhan Chang‐Guo , Dixon David A. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractAtomization energies and heats of formation at 0 and 298 K for H2CO3, HCO, H2SO4, HSO, H3PO4, and H2PO were calculated using coupled cluster theory including noniterative, quasi‐perturbative triple excitations (CCSD(T)) with large basis sets. Optimized geometries and harmonic vibrational frequencies were calculated at the MP2/aug‐cc‐pVTZ level. Atomization energies were obtained by extrapolating CCSD(T) valence energies to the complete basis set limit (CBS) using the aug‐cc‐pV(n+d)Z (n = D, T, Q) basis sets where the +d corresponds to the inclusion of tight d functions for the second row atoms P and S. In order to achieve near chemical accuracy (±1 kcal/mol) in the thermodynamic properties, a core/valence correction, a Douglas‐Kroll‐Hess scalar relativistic correction, and a first‐order atomic spin‐orbit correction were included. The calculated heats of formation of the neutral molecules at 0 K are ΔH(H2CO3) = –275.2, ΔH(H2SO4) = –167.9, and ΔH(H3PO4) = –268.8 kcal/mol. The only experimental value is ΔH(H2SO4) = –172.4 ± 2, a difference of about 4 kcal/mol. The calculated gas acidities (ΔG) at 298 K are 332.2, 322.2, and 304.6 kcal/mol for H2CO3, H3PO4, and H2SO4, respectively. The calculated values for H3PO4 and H2SO4 are in good agreement with the respective experimental values of 323.0 ± 4.9 and 302.3 ± 2.6 kcal/mol. Solution acidities are computed using the fully polarizable continuum model. Using an electron density contour value of 0.001 a.u. to define the cavity for the neutral molecules and of 0.0022 a.u. for the anions, we calculate pKa(H2CO3) = 6.3, pKa(H3PO4) = 2.5, and pKa(HNO3) = –2.4 which are within one pKa of the respective experimental values of 6.4, 2.1, and –1.4. We predict the pKa of H2SO4 in aqueous solution to be in the range of –6 to –8, significantly lower than the estimated experimental values in the range of –3. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2005
A near wake model for trailing vorticity compared with the blade element momentum theory
Authors: Madsen Helge Aagaard , Rasmussen Flemming 
Published: November 2004

AbstractA near wake model for trailing vorticity originally proposed by Beddoes for high‐resolution helicopter blade vortex interaction computations has been implemented and compared with the usual blade element momentum models used for wind turbine calculations. The model is in principle a lifting line model for the rotating blade, where only a quarter revolution of the wake system behind the blade is taken into account. This simplification of the wake enables a fast computation of the downwash from the trailed vortex system along the blade using the indicial function method and thus makes it realistic to use the model in aeroelastic time simulations. The downwash from the shed vorticity is also computed with a fast indicial function algorithm. In particular the model is investigated for use in calculations of aerodynamic damping for the different mode shapes of an operating wind turbine. Numerical results for the downwash of a wing in straight flow with elliptical circulation are compared with analytical results. Further, the downwash distribution of a 40 m long rotating blade is computed. Aerodynamic damping of the blade in axial harmonic translation and in the first flapwise mode is computed with the near wake model and compared with the results of a standard momentum model including a model for dynamic inflow. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Psychosis, migration and social environment: an age-and-gender controlled study
Authors: Fossion P. , Servais L. , Rejas M.-C. , Ledoux Y. , Pelc I. , Minner P. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractPurposeAdverse social experiences are frequently invoked to explain the higher rate of psychosis among migrant groups. The aim of the present study was to establish the socio-environmental factors distinguishing migrant psychotic patients from autochthonous patients.Subjects and methodWe conducted a cross-sectional survey involving 341 migrant psychotic patients matched for age and gender with 341 autochthonous psychotic patients.ResultsMigrant patients lived more often with their parental family, were less often enrolled with a referral psychiatrist, presented a lower rate of employment, a lower percentage of alcohol misuse and of suicide attempts.DiscussionOur findings add to the growing body of results showing that more attention needs to be focused on socio-environmental variables in psychosis research. However, several limitations have to be taken into account, particularly with regard to selection biases and age of onset of the psychotic illness.ConclusionOur results are compatible with the hypothesis that unemployment is a contributing factor in the risk for psychosis among migrant groups. Migrants’ families are an important keystone in the mental health care process of their sick relatives. Our service models need to be adapted with the aim to make the treatment easier for migrant patients.
BRAGI: linking and visualization of database information in a 3D viewer and modeling tool
Authors: Reichelt Joachim , Dieterich Guido , Kvesic Marsel , Schomburg Dietmar , Heinz Dirk W. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractSummary: BRAGI is a well-established package for viewing and modeling of three-dimensional (3D) structures of biological macromolecules. A new version of BRAGI has been developed that is supported on Windows, Linux and SGI. The user interface has been rewritten to give the standard ‘look and feel’ of the chosen operating system and to provide a more intuitive, easier usage. A large number of new features have been added. Information from public databases such as SWISS-PROT, InterPro, DALI and OMIM can be displayed in the 3D viewer. Structures can be searched for homologous sequences using the NCBI BLAST server.Availability: Freeware, licensed: http://bragi.gbf.de/Contact: Reichelt@gbf.deSupplementary Information: http://bragi.gbf.de/gallery
Multiple sequence alignment with user-defined constraints at GOBICS
Authors: Morgenstern Burkhard , Werner Nadine , Prohaska Sonja J. , Steinkamp Rasmus , Schneider Isabelle , Subramanian Amarendran R. , Stadler Peter F. , Weyer-Menkhoff Jan 
Published: November 2004

AbstractSummary: Most multi-alignment methods are fully automated, i.e. they are based on a fixed set of mathematical rules. For various reasons, such methods may fail to produce biologically meaningful alignments. Herein, we describe a semi-automatic approach to multiple sequence alignment where biological expert knowledge can be used to influence the alignment procedure. The user can specify parts of the sequences that are biologically related to each other; our software program uses these sites as anchor points and creates a multiple alignment respecting these user-defined constraints. By using known functionally, structurally or evolutionarily related positions of the input sequences as anchor points, our method can produce alignments that reflect the true biological relationships among the input sequences more accurately than fully automated procedures can do.Availability: Our software is available online at GÖttingen BIoinformatics Compute Server (GOBICS), http://dialign.gobics.de/anchor/index.phpContact: burkhard@gobics.de
CyDAS: a cytogenetic data analysis system
Authors: Hiller Bernhard , Bradtke Jutta , Balz Harald , Rieder Harald 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor statistical analyses in cancer cytogenetics, the genomic changes encoded by the karyotype must be translated into numerical codes. We developed a program, which extracts chromosomal gains and losses as well as breakpoints from the karyotype. The changes are compiled in tables according to the chromosome bands involved and/or depicted in projection to the respective chromosome ideogram. The data are ready to be integrated into further statistical analyses. The program may be run as desktop or Internet application.Availability: http://www.cydas.org/Contact: info@cydas.org