bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maxillofacial haemorrhagic symptoms in emergency department patients: impact of antithrombotics
Authors: van der Zaag Pieter Date , Geurts Stephanie , Rozema Romke , Reininga Inge H. F. , van Minnen Baucke ,   REDUCTION study group members
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate the effect of antithrombotics on the occurrence of maxillofacial haemorrhagic symptoms, and to determine if these haemorrhagic symptoms are predictors of maxillofacial fractures.

Method
A prospective cohort study was conducted of consecutive patients with maxillofacial trauma who had been admitted to the emergency department of four hospitals in the Netherlands. This study compared five haemorrhagic symptoms (peri-orbital haematoma, raccoon eyes, epistaxis, subconjunctival ecchymosis, and intra-oral haematoma) between patients not-using (NUA) and using (UA) of antithrombotics, and whether these maxillofacial haemorrhagic symptoms served as predictors for maxillofacial fractures.

Results
Out of the 1005 patients, 812 (81%) belonged to the NUA group, and 193 (19%) to the UA group. UA patients exhibited higher frequencies of peri-orbital hematoma (54% vs. 39%, p < 0.001), raccoon eyes (10% vs. 5%, p = 0.01), and subconjunctival ecchymoses (16% vs. 7%, p < 0.001). In NUA, peri-orbital hematoma (OR = 2.5, p < 0.001), epistaxis (OR = 4.1, p < 0.001), subconjunctival ecchymosis (OR = 2.3, p = 0.02), and intra-oral hematoma (OR = 7.1, p < 0.001) were significant fracture predictors. Among UA, peri-orbital hematoma (OR = 2.2, p = 0.04), epistaxis (OR = 5.4, p < 0.001), subconjunctival ecchymosis (OR = 3.7, p = 0.008), and intra-oral hematoma (OR = 22.0, p < 0.001) were significant fracture predictors.

Conclusion
Maxillofacial haemorrhagic symptoms were observed more frequently in the UA group than in the NUA group. However, in both groups, maxillofacial haemorrhagic symptoms appear to be predictors of maxillofacial fractures. Caution is warranted in attributing these symptoms solely to antithrombotic use during emergency department assessments.
Entwicklungen in der Digitalisierung von Public Health seit 2020
Authors: Zeeb Hajo , Schüz Benjamin , Schultz Tanja , Pigeot Iris 
Published: January 2024

ZusammenfassungDigital Public Health hat in den vergangenen Jahren insbesondere durch die mit der COVID-19-Pandemie verbundenen Anforderungen einen erheblichen Schub erfahren. In diesem Bericht geben wir einen Überblick über die Entwicklungen in der Digitalisierung im Bereich Public Health in Deutschland seit 2020 und illustrieren diese mit Beispielen aus dem Leibniz-WissenschaftsCampus Digital Public Health Bremen (LWC DiPH).Zentral sind dabei folgende Themen: Wie prägen digitale Erhebungsmethoden sowie digitale Biomarker und Methoden der künstlichen Intelligenz die moderne epidemiologische und Präventionsforschung? Wie steht es um die Digitalisierung im öffentlichen Gesundheitsdienst? Welche Ansätze der gesundheitsökonomischen Evaluation von digitalen Public-Health-Interventionen wurden bisher eingesetzt? Wie steht es um die Aus- und Weiterbildung in diesem Bereich?Auch die Arbeit des LWC DiPH war zunächst stark durch die COVID-19-Pandemie geprägt. Wiederholte populationsbezogene digitale Surveys des LWC DiPH ergaben Hinweise auf eine häufigere Nutzung von Gesundheitsapps in der Bevölkerung in Deutschland, z. B. bei den Anwendungen zur Unterstützung der körperlichen Aktivität. Dass die Digitalisierung von Public Health das Risiko von gezielten Fehl- und Desinformationen mit sich bringt, hat die COVID-19-Pandemie ebenfalls gezeigt.
Development of an adverse outcome pathway network for nephrotoxicity
Authors: Barnes D. A. , Firman J. W. , Belfield S. J. , Cronin M. T. D. , Vinken M. , Janssen M. J. , Masereeuw R. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAdverse outcome pathways (AOPs) were introduced in modern toxicology to provide evidence-based representations of the events and processes involved in the progression of toxicological effects across varying levels of the biological organisation to better facilitate the safety assessment of chemicals. AOPs offer an opportunity to address knowledge gaps and help to identify novel therapeutic targets. They also aid in the selection and development of existing and new in vitro and in silico test methods for hazard identification and risk assessment of chemical compounds. However, many toxicological processes are too intricate to be captured in a single, linear AOP. As a result, AOP networks have been developed to aid in the comprehension and placement of associated events underlying the emergence of related forms of toxicity—where complex exposure scenarios and interactions may influence the ultimate adverse outcome. This study utilised established criteria to develop an AOP network that connects thirteen individual AOPs associated with nephrotoxicity (as sourced from the AOP-Wiki) to identify several key events (KEs) linked to various adverse outcomes, including kidney failure and chronic kidney disease. Analysis of the modelled AOP network and its topological features determined mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and tubular necrosis to be the most connected and central KEs. These KEs can provide a logical foundation for guiding the selection and creation of in vitro assays and in silico tools to substitute for animal-based in vivo experiments in the prediction and assessment of chemical-induced nephrotoxicity in human health.
Selecting a preculture strategy for improving biomass and astaxanthin productivity of Chromochloris zofingiensis
Authors: Wang Yuxin , Wang Jia , Yang Shufang , Liang Qingping , Gu Ziqiang , Wang Ying , Mou Haijin , Sun Han 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Chromochloris zofingiensis is a potential source of natural astaxanthin; however, its rapid growth and astaxanthin enrichment cannot be achieved simultaneously. This study established autotrophic, mixotrophic, and heterotrophic preculture patterns to assess their ameliorative effect on the C. zofingiensis heterotrophic growth state. In comparison, mixotrophic preculture (MP) exhibited the best improving effect on heterotrophic biomass concentration of C. zofingiensis (up to 121.5 g L−1) in a 20 L fermenter, reaching the global leading level. The astaxanthin productivity achieved 111 mg L−1 day−1, 7.4-fold higher than the best record. The transcriptome and 13C tracer-based metabolic flux analysis were used for mechanism inquiry. The results revealed that MP promoted carotenoid and lipid synthesis, and supported synthesis preference of low unsaturated fatty acids represented by C18:1 and C16:0. The MP group maintained the best astaxanthin productivity via mastering the balance between increasing glucose metabolism and inhibition of carotenoid synthesis. The MP strategy optimized the physiological state of C. zofingiensis and realized its heterotrophic high-density growth for an excellent astaxanthin yield on a pilot scale. This strategy exhibits great application potential in the microalgae-related industry.

Key points
• Preculture strategies changed carbon flux and gene expression in C. zofingiensis
• C. zofingiensis realized a high-density culture with MP and fed-batch culture (FBC)
• Astaxanthin productivity achieved 0.111 g L−1day−1with MP and FBC

Graphical Abstract
Protein secretion and associated stress in industrially employed filamentous fungi
Authors: Jadhav Reshma , Mach Robert L , Mach-Aigner Astrid R 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Application of filamentous fungi for the production of commercial enzymes such as amylase, cellulase, or xylanase is on the rise due to the increasing demand to degrade several complex carbohydrates as raw material for biotechnological processes. Also, protein production by fungi for food and feed gains importance. In any case, the protein production involves both cellular synthesis and secretion outside of the cell. Unfortunately, the secretion of proteins or enzymes can be hampered due to accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) as a result of too high synthesis of enzymes or (heterologous) protein expression. To cope with this ER stress, the cell generates a response known as unfolded protein response (UPR). Even though this mechanism should re-establish the protein homeostasis equivalent to a cell under non-stress conditions, the enzyme expression might still suffer from repression under secretory stress (RESS). Among eukaryotes, Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the only fungus, which is studied quite extensively to unravel the UPR pathway. Several homologs of the proteins involved in this signal transduction cascade are also found in filamentous fungi. Since RESS seems to be absent in S. cerevisiae and was only reported in Trichoderma reesei in the presence of folding and glycosylation inhibitors such as dithiothreitol and tunicamycin, more in-depth study about this mechanism, specifically in filamentous fungi, is the need of the hour. Hence, this review article gives an overview on both, protein secretion and associated stress responses in fungi.

Key points
• Enzymes produced by filamentous fungi are crucial in industrial processes
• UPR mechanism is conserved among many fungi, but mediated by different proteins
• RESS is not fully understood or studied in industrially relevant filamentous fungi
Current concepts in the diagnosis and management of Os Acetabuli
Authors: Yoshitani Junya , Schoyer Benjamin , Shah Anand , Khanduja Vikas 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this review is to appraise the current evidence on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of os acetabuli.

Methods
A scoping review was conducted according to the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines. A systematic search was performed on Medline (PubMed), Embase and Cochrane Library. Inclusion criteria comprised observational and interventional studies and review articles published in the English language that focused on patients with os acetabuli according to the PRISMA extension of scoping reviews checklist using the terms ‘Os Acetabuli’ or ‘os acetabula’ or ‘acetabular ossicles’. A narrative synthesis of results was undertaken, and the included articles were divided into (i) definition, (ii) aetiology, (iii) diagnosis and imaging and (iv) management of os acetabuli.

Results
107 articles were screened, with 22 meeting the eligibility criteria. A total of 8836 patients were considered, of which 604 had os acetabuli. The mean age was 32.8 years. The prevalence of os acetabuli ranged from 3.4 to 7.7%, with a higher prevalence in males compared to females. True os acetabuli was defined as an unfused secondary ossification centre along the acetabular rim. The aetiology of os acetabuli is thought to be secondary to acetabular dysplasia and/or femoroacetabular impingement. Standard of care for management of symptomatic os acetabuli is considered to be arthroscopic excision unless the excision results in acetabular undercoverage and/or instability, in which case, fixation is recommended.

Conclusions
Successful management of os acetabuli depends on understanding the pathology and treating the underlying cause rather than treating the os acetabuli in isolation. Future work needs to focus on establishing clear diagnostic criteria, consensus on definition and an evidence-based treatment algorithm.
Clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Chen Qin-Fen , Hu Jiandong , Hu Jie , Nijjar Prabhjot S. , Xu Jiahui , Shi Shanzhen , Liang Dongjie , Liao Hetong , Gao Jiaqi , Lin Wei-Hong , You Shenban , Zhou Xiao-Dong 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Whether heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is associated with an increased risk of developing systolic dysfunction and a poor prognosis in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) patients is unknown.

Objective
We aimed to assess risk factors for the development of end-stage (ES) heart failure (HF) (ejection fraction < 50%) and compare the prognosis of different HF phenotypes.

Methods
This retrospective study was conducted on patients with HCM in China between January 2009 and February 2023. Patients were stratified into three different groups: HCM-non-HF, HCM-HFpEF and HCM-heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HCM-HFrEF). The primary outcome was a composite of major adverse cardiac events (MACEs), including all-cause deaths, HF hospitalization, sudden cardiac death and ventricular tachycardia.

Results
Of 3,620 HCM patients enrolled, 1,553 (42.9%) had non-HF, 1,666 (46.0%) had HFpEF, and 579 patients (11.1%) had HFrEF at baseline. During the median follow-up period of 4.0 years (IQR 1.4–9.4 years), patients with HCM-HFpEF exhibited a higher incidence of ES-HF than those with HCM-non-HF (12.4% vs. 2.7%, P < 0.001). HFpEF was an independent risk factor for ES-HF development (HR 3.84, 2.54–5.80, P < 0.001). MACEs occurred in 26.9% with a higher incidence in HCM-HFpEF than HCM-non-HF (36.6% vs 12.2%, P < 0.001). HFpEF was an independent predictor of MACEs (HR 2.13, 1.75–2.59, P < 0.001).

Conclusions
HFpEF is common in HCM. Compared to non-HF, it increases the risk of LVEF decline and poor prognosis. It may aid in risk stratification and need close echocardiography follow-up.

Graphical Abstract
Clinical Characteristics and Prognosis of Patients with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy and Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction. Abbreviations: ES-HF: end-stage heart failure; HCM: hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; HFpEF: heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; MACEs: major adverse clinical events
Distinct tau and alpha-synuclein molecular signatures in Alzheimer’s disease with and without Lewy bodies and Parkinson’s disease with dementia
Authors: van der Gaag Bram L. , Deshayes Natasja A. C. , Breve John J. P. , Bol John G. J. M. , Jonker Allert J. , Hoozemans Jeroen J. M. , Courade Jean-Philippe , van de Berg Wilma D. J. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAlpha-synuclein (aSyn) pathology is present in approximately 50% of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) cases at autopsy and might impact the age-of-onset and disease progression in AD. Here, we aimed to determine whether tau and aSyn profiles differ between AD cases with Lewy bodies (AD-LB), pure AD and Parkinson’s disease with dementia (PDD) cases using epitope-, post-translational modification- (PTM) and isoform-specific tau and aSyn antibody panels spanning from the N- to C-terminus. We included the middle temporal gyrus (MTG) and amygdala (AMY) of clinically diagnosed and pathologically confirmed cases and performed dot blotting, western blotting and immunohistochemistry combined with quantitative and morphological analyses. All investigated phospho-tau (pTau) species, except pT181, were upregulated in AD-LB and AD cases compared to PDD and control cases, but no significant differences were observed between AD-LB and AD subjects. In addition, tau antibodies targeting the proline-rich regions and C-terminus showed preferential binding to AD-LB and AD brain homogenates. Antibodies targeting C-terminal aSyn epitopes and pS129 aSyn showed stronger binding to AD-LB and PDD cases compared to AD and control cases. Two pTau species (pS198 and pS396) were specifically detected in the soluble protein fractions of AD-LB and AD subjects, indicative of early involvement of these PTMs in the multimerization process of tau. Other phospho-variants for both tau (pT212/S214, pT231 and pS422) and aSyn (pS129) were only detected in the insoluble protein fraction of AD-LB/AD and AD-LB/PDD cases, respectively. aSyn load was higher in the AMY of AD-LB cases compared to PDD cases, suggesting aggravated aSyn pathology under the presence of AD pathology, while tau load was similar between AD-LB and AD cases. Co-localization of pTau and aSyn could be observed within astrocytes of AD-LB cases within the MTG. These findings highlight a unique pathological signature for AD-LB cases compared to pure AD and PDD cases.
A modular and scalable system for electromagnetic compatibility testing of integrated circuits
Authors: Kircher Daniel , Profanter Simon , Deutschmann Bernd 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTo bring automotive integrated circuits (ICs) to market, manufacturers must subject their products to numerous electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) tests such as electromagnetic immunity and emission tests, or electrostatic discharge (ESD) tests. These tests need EMC test boards that meet the requirements of the specific standards. However, the current need to increase the frequency range of EMC tests poses a challenge in designing standard-compliant test boards. In this paper, we address this issue by introducing a modular and reusable IC level EMC test system. We demonstrate the system’s effectiveness with an example of two frequently used and conducted EMC tests: the direct power injection (DPI) immunity test and the $$150\,\mathrm{\Omega}$$

150

Ω

electromagnetic emission measurement. The two test setups are constructed and validated using the presented modules. It is shown how the frequency range can be expanded while minimizing costs and design efforts for the EMC test board design.
Influence of the IC power supply and decoupling capacitor arrangement on the electromagnetic emission
Authors: Deutschmann B. , Juch N. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWith the advancing development of integrated circuits (ICs), more and more complex functions and higher performance levels can nowadays directly be integrated into a single IC package. In this context, the issue of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) is becoming more critical, as the higher the integration density, the higher the electromagnetic emissions tend to be. In this paper, an EMC test IC is used to investigate the influence of different power supply pinouts (arrangement of VDD and GND pins in center and corner configuration) on the electromagnetic emission of the IC. This is done on the basis of the surface-scanning technique described in the IEC 61967‑3 standard for characterizing the magnetic near field at the surface of the IC package, and on the basis of the 150 Ohm measurement method described in IEC 61967‑4 for determining the conducted interference emissions at the power supply pinout of the IC. Both measurement methods show a significant difference in electromagnetic emissions due to the dependence on the arrangement of the power supply pinouts. These results highlight the importance of careful power supply design in the development of electromagnetically compatible ICs.
Comprehensive comparison of modified deep convolutional neural networks for automated detection of external and middle ear conditions
Authors: Akyol Kemal 
Published: January 2024

AbstractOtitis media disease, a frequent childhood ailment, could have severe repercussions, including mortality. This disease induces permanent hearing loss, commonly seen in developing countries with limited medical resources. It is estimated that approximately 21,000 people worldwide die from reasons related to this disease each year. The main aim of this study is to develop a model capable of detecting external and middle ear conditions. Experiments were conducted to find the most successful model among the modified deep convolutional neural networks within two scenarios. According to the results, the modified EfficientNetB7 model could detect normal, chronic otitis media, earwax, myringosclerosis cases with high accuracy in Scenario 2. This model offers average values of 99.94% accuracy, 99.86% sensitivity, 99.95% specificity, and 99.86% precision. An expert system based on this model is expected to provide a second opinion to doctors in detecting external and middle ear conditions, particularly in primary healthcare institutions and hospitals lacking field specialists.
Corona mortis: clinical evaluation of prevalence, anatomy, and relevance in anterior approaches to the pelvis and acetabulum
Authors: Schaible Samuel Friedrich , Hanke Markus Simon , Tinner Christian , Bastian Johannes Dominik , Albers Christoph Emanuel , Keel Marius Johann Baptist 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the clinical prevalence, characteristics, and relevance of the corona mortis (CM) in anterior approaches to the pelvis and acetabulum.

Methods
Retrospective analysis of 185 theater reports from patients (73 females; mean age 62.8 ± 17.2 years) who underwent surgeries for pelvic ring injuries, acetabular fractures, or combined injuries using anterior approaches (Modified Stoppa or Pararectus) at our institution between 01/2008 to 12/2022. During procedures, the CM was routinely identified, evaluated, and occluded. Bilateral exposure of the superior pubic branch in 25 cases led to 210 hemipelvises analyzed. Exclusions: CM not mentioned in report and revisions via the initial approach.

Results
In the 210 hemipelvises examined, the prevalence of any CM vessel was 81% (170/210). Venous anastomoses were found in 76% of hemipelvises (159/210), arterial in 22% (47/210). Sole venous anastomoses appeared in 59% (123/210), sole arterial in 5% (11/210). Both types coexisted in 17% (36/210), while 19% (40/210) had none. A single incidental CM injury occurred without significant bleeding. In ten cases, trauma had preoperatively ruptured the CM, but bleeding was readily managed. Females had a significantly higher CM prevalence than males (p = 0.001).

Conclusion
Our findings show a CM prevalence aligning more with anatomical studies than prior intraoperative series. Although we observed one incidental and ten trauma-related CM injuries, we did not encounter uncontrollable bleeding. Our data suggest that in anterior pelvic approaches, when the CM is actively identified and occluded, it is not associated with bleeding events, despite its high prevalence.
Cognitive and affective perspective taking amongst adolescent offenders with variants of callous–unemotional traits
Authors: Anderson Stavroola A. S. , Hawes David J. , Snow Pamela C. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractEvidence suggests that associations between antisocial behaviour, callous–unemotional (CU) traits and cognitive empathy (e.g. perspective taking) vary depending on more fine-grained dimensions of these constructs. This study examined associations between adolescent antisocial behaviour and individual differences in cognitive and affective perspective taking ability. Based on current theory regarding distinct variants of CU traits, we further tested whether the correlates of CU traits differed amongst youth with high versus low levels of anxiety. Participants were 130 male adolescents (81 youth offenders; 49 non-offenders) aged 13–20 years, of predominantly Caucasian and Aboriginal Australian ethnicity. Perspective taking skills were indexed using performance-based testing, and self-report data was collected on CU traits and anxiety in a cross-sectional design. Offender status was associated with poorer cognitive and affective perspective taking. In addition, associations between CU traits and perspective taking skills were moderated by anxiety. Specifically, CU traits were associated with poorer skills for second-order cognitive perspective taking amongst high-anxiety youth, whereas CU traits were associated with better cognitive and affective perspective taking skills amongst low-anxiety youth. More fine-grained assessment of such factors stands to enhance understanding of, and effective intervention for, antisocial youth.