bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Enamel Matrix Derivative in Periodontal Regeneration Defects: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Mayta-Tovalino Frank , Diaz-Arocutipa Carlos , Barja-Ore John , Hernandez Adrian V. 
Published: December 2023

Aim:
To evaluate the efficacy of enamel matrix derivative (EMD) on periodontal regeneration defects.

Materials and Methods:
Four databases were searched until October 2021. Experimental animal studies evaluating the efficacy of EMD were used. The primary outcomes were bone formation (BF) and cementum formation (CF). The secondary outcomes were junctional epithelium (JE), gingival recession (GR), and clinical attachment level (CAL). Measures of effect were mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Random-effects model were used for all meta-analyses. The Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory animal Experimentation tool was used to assess the risk of bias.

Results:
Seven experimental animal studies (n = 40) used with a maximum follow-up period of 3 months. Compared to control, EMD did not significantly reduce BF (MD 0.02 mm; 95% CI − 1.91–1.96; I
2 = 89%). However, it increased CF (MD 1.38 mm; 95% CI 0.01–2.74; I
2 = 55%). For secondary outcomes it was found that compared to control, EMD only significantly reduced JE (MD − 0.54 mm; 95% CI − 1.06 to − 0.02; I
2 = 55%). However, the other secondary outcomes were not significant as in the case of GR (MD − 3. 88 mm; 95% CI − 68.29–60.53; I
2 = 82%), and in CAL (MD 0.02 mm; 95% CI − 0.29–0.39; I
2 = 38%). Finally, according to the risk of bias assessment, all included studies had a high risk of bias.

Conclusion:
EMD had no effect on BF values while it did not reduce CF. Otherwise, in the secondary outcomes, EMD only significantly reduced JE values and had no effect on GR and CAL.
The outcomes of diode laser transscleral cyclophotocoagulation in refractory primary angle-closure glaucoma in a South Indian population
Authors: Raja Vidya , Balasubramaniam Niranjana , Sundar Balagiri , Nagdev Nimrita 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background:
The surgical intervention of refractory primary angle-closure glaucomas (PACGs) is a big challenge to any ophthalmologist since the efficacy of lens extraction in eyes with a long duration of angle closure is limited. Also, trabeculectomy in such eyes is not without vision-threatening complications.

Purpose:
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of diode laser transscleral cyclophotocoagulation (CPC) in eyes with refractory PACG.

Methods:
A retrospective study analyzing all patients who underwent CPC for refractory PACG in the year 2019 was conducted. Out of the 68 patients recruited, 56 PACG patients fulfilled the study criteria.

Results:
The mean age of the participants was 58.5 years. The mean (standard deviation [SD]) intraocular pressure (IOP) at baseline was 38.91 (14.86) mmHg, and it ranged from 21 to 74 mmHg. Participants’ mean (SD) follow-up duration was 11.87 (7.83) months. Almost 90.9% of eyes showed IOP reduction from baseline during the follow-up period. There was also a reduction in the mean antiglaucoma medications (AGM) to 2.67 (1.29) in the final follow-up visit compared to the baseline of 3.30 (0.81). Chronic hypotony was noted in four eyes, out of which phthisis bulbi occurred in one eye. Six eyes underwent additional incisional surgical procedures.

Conclusion:
The outcomes from our study support the role of transscleral diode laser CPC in the interim optimization of IOP in PACG eyes refractory to other modalities. This is emerging as a primary treatment option to optimize IOP to safer limits before any planned incisional procedure. Though complications like chronic hypotony occur as anticipated, vision-threatening complications are rare.
Post-COVID pulmonary fungal infections: An unanticipated predicament or a ticking time bomb? Clinico-microbiological profile of cases encountered during the second wave of COVID-19 pandemic at a teaching hospital in the Himalayas with a brief literature review
Authors: Puri Oshin , Bhatia Mohit , Rekha Udayakumar S. , Chakraborty Deepika , Dua Ruchi , Dhar Minakshi , Chauhan Udit , Prasad Amber , Kalita Deepjyoti , Kaistha Neelam 
Published: December 2023

Introduction:
This study attempts to generate preliminary data regarding post-COVID pulmonary fungal infections, namely, COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA), COVID-19-associated pulmonary mucormycosis (CAPM), and mixed infections from the Himalayas and compares the micro-radio-clinical profile and outcomes of the affected patients.

Materials and Methods:
A retrospective data analysis was conducted, where clinical profiles, microbiological and radiological reports, and outcomes of n = 16 patients of post-COVID pulmonary infections were compared.

Results:
Of n = 16 patients, n = 7 had CAPA (n = 5 Aspergillus fumigatus, n = 1 Aspergillus flavus, and n = 1 Aspergillus niger), n = 5 CAPM (Rhizopus arrhizus), and n = 4 with mixed infections (n = 3 infected with Aspergillus fumigatus and Rhizopus spp. and n = 1 with Aspergillus flavus and Rhizopus arrhizus). Thick-walled cavitary lesions, air–fluid levels, and multiple centrilobular nodules were some of the common radiological findings reported among these patients.

Conclusion:
The immuno-compromised state following COVID-19 infection and treatment might be responsible for the progression of regular exposure to the dense Himalayan vegetation into an invasive pulmonary fungal infection. Suspecting post-COVID pulmonary fungal infection is necessary for primary care physicians to ensure timely referral to higher centers. Mixed pulmonary fungal infections (coinfection with Aspergillus spp. and Rhizopus spp.) are also emerging as important sequelae of COVID-19.
Differences between international medical graduates and Canadian medical graduates in a medical learning environment: From matching to residency and beyond
Authors: Olatunde Oluwasayo A. 
Published: December 2023

Objective:
To determine the differences between international medical graduates (IMG) and canadian medical graduates (CMG) in the medical learning environment (MLE) as there is progression from matching to residency and beyond.

Method:
A narrative literature review was done using the search engines pubmed, medline and embase on publications from 2000 to 2021 comparing IMG to CMG and those that compared IMG to non IMG in international publications were also considered.

Results:
The IMGs are offered less residency program positions compared to CMGs during the CaRMS selection process and specifically less in specialty programs. Amongst the article, 66% of IMGs compared to 90% of CMG were successful in the certification examination of the college of family physicians of Canada. A US article on the other hand found similarities in performance of USMGs and IMGs in a surgical residency program.

Conclusion:
A lot of IMG face several challenges including perceived systemic and individual discrimination, lack of mentorship and poor ability to navigate after immigration even after they are matched into a Canadian residency program. These are significant issues that should be dealt with to enable increase success and survival of IMGs in the MLE.
COVID-19-induced hair shedding and related risk factors: A Saudi perspective
Authors: Bukhari Abrar E. , AlDosari Dalal A. , AlDosari Manal A. , Muqrin Reema F. , Moazin Othillah M. , Almutlq Malak M. , Altalhab Saad M. , Alharithy Ruaa S. , Alkhalifah Abdullah I. 
Published: December 2023

Introduction:
Many cases of telogen effluvium (TE), acute hair shedding, following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) were reported during the pandemic.

Methodology:
We conducted a cross-sectional study to assess the relationship between COVID-19 and TE in Saudi Arabia. Self-administered online questionnaires were distributed online between March and September 2022 in Saudi Arabia. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to determine risk factors associated with TE post-COVID-19 (significance at P < 0.05).

Results:
Of the 703 responders, 392 were included in the study. 59.70% (n = 234) recognized hair shedding during or after COVID-19. The time taken to realize hair shedding (3 or 6 months) and the duration varied (3, 6, >6 months). The risk factors significantly related to TE post-COVID-19 were: female sex (P < 0.001, odds ratio [OR] = 2.98), COVID-19 antiviral treatment (P = 0.032, OR = 3.02), and TE history (P = 0.001, OR = 3.78).

Conclusion:
Healthcare providers and physicians should be aware of the relationship between TE and COVID-19, to easily recognize, treat, and improve their patients' outcomes).
Prevalence of obesity and bariatric surgery among medical students in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alshamrani Abdulmalik Mohammed , Al-Rayes Ola Mowaffak , Almaslmani Abdulrahman Mohammed , Sabr Mohmmed Saleh , Alfriedy Raief Fahad , Khalifa Amar Fathi 
Published: December 2023

Background:
Bariatric surgery is considered as a successful weight loss intervention in patients with high body mass index (BMI) and also in patients who are unable to lose weight in a nonsurgical way.

Aim:
To measure the prevalence of obesity among medical students and the association between obesity and lifestyle and obesity and the rate of bariatric surgery in obese students.

Method:
This is a cross sectional study which included 301 medical students in Riyadh. An online pretested and validated questionnaire was distributed among medical students. The collected data included weight, height, family background, lifestyle, and past medical and surgical history.

Result:
Our results demonstrated that the prevalence of overweight, obesity, and morbid obesity was 26.6%, 9.6%, and 6.3%, respectively, among medical students. Only 44.9% of them had a family history of obesity (n = 135). Upon assessment of lifestyle, we found that 58.8% of them had a good lifestyle and 41.2% had a bad lifestyle. We found that 42.5% of medical students included in this study have obesity, and 44% of students had history of obesity in their family. In the obese group, 47.6% had a bad lifestyle. There was significant relationship between obesity and lifestyle among medical students (P = 0.0004). We found that 83.1% of students never thought of undergoing bariatric surgery, 10% of them had thought of undergoing it, and 7% of the students had undergone bariatric surgery.

Conclusion:
the prevalence of obesity is less among medical student in comparison to other subgroups. The educational level and environmental factors play an important role in the prevalence of obesity.
Mobile phone use by young children and parent's views on children's mobile phone usage
Authors: Shah Saumya Amin , Phadke Varsha Dilip 
Published: December 2023

Aims:
This study aims to explore the prevalence of mobile phone use among young children aged 6 months to 4 years. We studied the usage patterns, optimal age for use, and the attitudes of parents toward their child's mobile phone use.

Methods:
We conducted a cross-sectional study in a pediatric OPD of a tertiary teaching hospital for a period of 2-months. Ethics committee approval and informed consent was taken before conducting the research. A predesigned and validated questionnaire was used to collect data. We calculated a sample size of 90 children at a 95% confidence level. Chi-square test and Fischer's exact test were used as a test of significance at 5% level of significance.

Results:
We observed that 73.34% of children were using mobile phones and mobile phone usage increased with age. Children used mobile phones for educational purposes (43.9%), and for less than an hour a day (57.6%). In the 3-4 year age group, 19% used mobile phones for 3 hours or more. While 93.3% of parents felt they shouldn't give their child a phone, 71.4% children of these parents still used one.

Conclusions:
Our study highlights a high prevalence of mobile phone use among young children aged 6 months to 4 years. Although parents aimed to limit their child's phone usage, the reality was different. We recommend that guidelines on mobile phone use be followed in India.
Marriage in persons with severe mental illness: A narrative review-based framework for a supported relationship
Authors: Lyngdoh Lavinia A. M. , Antony Sojan , Basavarajappa Chethan , Kalyanasundaram Janaki Raman , Ammapattian Thirumoorthy 
Published: December 2023

Background:
Studies in the past have shown the effect of mental illness on marriage in persons with severe mental illnesses (SMIs). Primary care and family physicians have a major role in addressing marriage-associated dilemmas in their life.

Methods:
The literature search was conducted from databases such as PubMed, ProQuest, EBSCO, Scopus, and Google Scholar for understanding the context and the problem in-depth for bringing out the narrative-review based framework for addressing the dilemmas.

Results:
Marriage rates in persons with SMI are high in Eastern countries. Marriage in persons with SMI enhances social support and prevents the stigma of being unmarried. Disability, unemployment, stigma, and disclosure-related issues are barriers to getting desirable alliances. Evidence based interventions are available to reduce the associated distress to an extent.

Conclusion:
Published peer-reviewed literature has pointed out that marriage plays a significant role in the life of persons with SMI and their families, especially in Asian countries where marriage is an important social institution. It can have a positive impact or can lead to relapse, marital conflicts, and divorce based on contextual and clinical factors. Hence, there is a need to come up with tailor-made interventions to address marriage-related expectations in persons with SMI.
Association between lifestyle and height growth in high school students
Authors: Esfarjani Shahla Vaziri , Zamani Marjan , Ashrafizadeh Seyedeh Soraya , Zamani Maryam 
Published: December 2023

Introduction:
An important indicator that plays a pivotal role in examining the health of individuals living in a community is their height. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between lifestyle and height among female high school students in Dezful, Iran.

Methods:
This research was a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study. Participants included 351 female high school students who were selected from public and private high schools in Dezful using random cluster sampling. Miller–Smith Lifestyle Assessment Inventory was used to collect data about students' lifestyles, and their height was measured based on self-report.

Results:
The total lifestyle score of the study participants was 52.23 ± 11.31. Also, 30.2%, 67.2%, and 2.6% of the students had high, moderate, and low lifestyle scores, respectively. A negative and significant relationship was observed between the total score of lifestyle and its components, that is, nutrition, sleep, exercise, and mental stress, and the height growth of female high school students in Dezful (P < 0.05) according to Pearson's correlation. Results of regression analysis showed that the total lifestyle score and its components could significantly predict the height growth of students.

Conclusion:
Our results are indicative of the relationship between lifestyle and its components with height growth among female high school students.
Treatment adherence and its determinants among the rheumatic fever/rheumatic heart disease patients during COVID 19 pandemic – A cross sectional study from Chandigarh, India
Authors: Ilanchoorian Divya , Thakur J. S. , Vijayvergiya Rajesh , Jindal Ankur K. , Gandhi Aravind , Sagar Vivek 
Published: December 2023

Background:
Rheumatic heart disease/Rheumatic fever is a non – communicable disease being a major neglected health problem. Recurrent attacks of rheumatic fever can have catastrophic outcomes, therefore regular administration of antibiotics is recommended. During COVID 19 pandemic, people were afraid to approach hospitals hence the compliance and follow up of patients were affected. This study had planned to assess the treatment adherence of patients diagnosed with rheumatic fever/rheumatic heart disease during COVID 19 pandemic and to describe the socio demographic factors, clinical characteristics. This study also determines the factors associated with the treatment adherence.

Methods:
A cross sectional study was conducted among Rheumatic Fever/Rheumatic Heart Disease patients, attending Outpatient department at tertiary care hospital during COVID 19 pandemic. Mean score with confidence interval was calculated for quantitative data. P value less than 0.05 is significant.

Results:
The Mean (SD) age of the study participants was 41 ± 14.17 years. Treatment adherence was found to be 94.5 percent among Rheumatic Fever/Rheumatic Heart Disease patients during COVID 19 pandemic. 89.5% of injection benzathine penicillin users had an adherence rate above 80 percent. It was found that the presence of comorbidities (Diabetes/Hypertension/both Diabetes and Hypertension) had a statistically significant association with treatment adherence.

Conclusions:
Rheumatic Heart Disease is a disease of young and middle -age population affecting predominantly females. The overall adherence rate among Rheumatic Fever/Rheumatic Heart Disease patients was high. High time to maintain hospital-based registry to have follow up of patients.
To Evaluate Prealbumin as a Potential Biomarker of Malnutrition in Geriatric Population
Authors: Patnaik Kakoli , Shrivastava Mayank , Thadani Deepa , Sharma Nitin 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Introduction:
Aging refers to the inevitable biological process of getting older over time. As humans age, their bodies undergo various physical, physiological, and cognitive changes. As we grow older, practical and morphological adjustments arise, which result in a slow deterioration of the varied abilities of the organism and hence lead to multiple illnesses.

Aims:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of prealbumin as a biomarker of malnutrition in geriatric population.

Subjects and Methods:
This is a quantitative cross-sectional study. We enrolled 140 elderly patients attending the Outpatient Department of Geriatric Medicine, and the data were analyzed with the help of SPSS v27.

Results:
The present study was undertaken in two groups, viz. Group I (underweight) and Group II (normal weight). A statistically significant correlation has been found between serum prealbumin and body mass index (BMI) in underweight subjects (r = 0.84).

Conclusion:
From the present study, in Group 1 with low BMI, low levels of serum prealbumin were seen as compared to Group 2 with normal BMI. A low value of serum prealbumin was found in malnourished subjects.
Comparison of ultrasound-guided suprainguinal fascia iliaca compartment block and pericapsular nerve group block for postoperative analgesia and associated cognitive dysfunction following hip and proximal femur surgery
Authors: Gonabal Vijetha , Aggarwal Shipra , Rani Divya , Panwar Mamta 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background and Aims:
Hip and proximal femur fractures in any age group require surgical reduction and fixation. Various regional techniques are popular for lower limb surgeries but adequate analgesia from these blocks is variable depending upon the type of surgery. We conducted a study to compare ultrasound-guided suprainguinal fascia iliaca compartment (SFIC) block and pericapsular nerve group (PENG) block for postoperative analgesia and cognitive dysfunction in patients undergoing hip and proximal femur surgery.

Material and Methods:
Sixty-six patients, aged 18–65 years, American Society of Anaesthesiologists I and II undergoing hip and proximal femur surgery were randomized into two groups, group F for SFIC block (n = 33) and group P for PENG block (n = 33). After completion of surgery, an ultrasound-guided SFIC or PENG block was given. Visual analogue scale (VAS) score on movement and rest, muscle power (quadriceps strength), time to first rescue analgesia, total analgesic requirement, and postoperative cognitive dysfunction in the first 24 h were observed.

Results:
A total of 66 patients participated in the study and 30 in each group were analyzed. VAS score at movement was significantly lower (P = 0.018) with better quadriceps muscle strength (P = 0.001) in the PENG block compared to the SFIC block group at 24 h postoperatively. Total opioid consumption in morphine equivalents (P = 0.03) was lower in the PENG block than in the SFIC block group for 24 h (28.5% vs. 71.4%). Cognitive impairment was comparable in both groups (3.3% vs. 16.7%, P = 0.097).

Conclusions:
PENG block is better than SFIC block for postoperative analgesia with lesser opioid consumption, whereas postoperative cognitive dysfunction was comparable in both groups.
Tear film abnormalities in patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome
Authors: Rashmi G. , Chaitra M. C. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Introduction:
Pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX) is a systemic age-related disorder with the production and accumulation of abnormal fibrous material in visceral organs and in the eye. The presence of pseudoexfoliation in the conjunction and lacrimal glands can affect the tear film stability.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to study the tear film abnormalities in patients with PEX.

Materials and Methods:
In this case–control study, Group 1 consisted of 40 eyes with PEX, Group 2 consisted of 40 eyes with pseudoexfoliation glaucoma, and Group 3 consisted of 40 eyes without pseudoexfoliation (control group). Schirmer’s two tests and tear film break-up time (TBUT) were performed to study the tear film abnormalities in all eyes.

Results:
The mean Schirmer’s in Group 1, Group 2, and Group 3 was 12.43 ± 5.697, 13.10 ± 5.173, and 21.98 ± 5.399, respectively. The mean TBUT in Group 1, Group 2, and Group 3 was 6.0 ± 1.961, 5.13 ± 2.053, and 11.38 ± 1.644, respectively. Both Schirmer’s 2 test and TBUT values between Groups 1 and Group 3, between Group 2 and 3 showed statistically significant differences (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
This study reveals that tear film abnormalities are commonly seen in PEX syndrome and PEX glaucoma due to the involvement of conjunctiva in PEX.
Evaluation of the osmoprotective and bioprotective effect of trehalose 3%
Authors: Sendra Victor , Berra Alejandro , Michelini Flavia , Guerbi Maria Ximena , Rodriguez Giselle , del Papa Melina Sol , Passerini María Silvia 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to study the osmoprotective and bioprotective effect of trehalose 3% + carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) 0.5% during desiccation conditions.

Materials and Methods:
Normal human conjunctival epithelial cells (IOBA) were exposed to (1) culture media (control); (2) CMC 0.5% + glycerin 0. 9% + polyethylene glycol 400 0.25% (vehicle); and (3) vehicle + trehalose 3% (trehalose). Cells were treated for 1 h and then exposed to desiccating conditions. Metabolic activity was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and cell viability by trypan blue. Trehalose water retention capability was assessed by a gravimetric analysis.

Results:
Metabolic activity was maintained during the first 30 min under desiccating conditions with no differences found between groups. After 45 min, metabolic activity decreased both in the control group and the vehicle group, while the trehalose group maintained activity values. Cell viability of the trehalose group was maintained throughout time and was statistically superior to those of the control and the vehicle groups at all evaluated times (P < 0.01). The retention time 20-RT20 - (20% of water retention) was reached at 8 min in the control group, 10 min in the vehicle group, and 15 min in the trehalose group.

Conclusions:
The addition of 3% trehalose prolonged cell viability and extended water retention time in high-dryness environmental conditions.