bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving self‐management behaviour through a digital lifestyle intervention: An internal pilot study
Authors: Lightfoot Courtney J. , Wilkinson Thomas J. , Vadaszy Noemi , Graham‐Brown Matthew P. M. , Davies Melanie J. , Yates Thomas , Smith Alice C. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundSelf‐management is a key component of successful chronic kidney disease (CKD) management. Here, we present the findings from the internal pilot of a multicentre randomised controlled trial (RCT) aimed to test the effect of a digital self‐management programme (‘My Kidneys & Me’ (MK&M)).MethodsParticipants (aged ≥18 years and CKD stages 3‐4) were recruited from hospital kidney services across England. Study processes were completed virtually. Participants were randomised 2:1 to either intervention (MK&M) or control group. The first 60 participants recruited were included in a 10‐week internal pilot which assessed study feasibility and acceptability against pre‐specified progression criteria: 1) eligibility and recruitment, acceptability of 2) randomisation and 3) outcomes, 4) MK&M activation, and 5) retention and attrition rates. Semi‐structured interviews further explored views on trial participation.ResultsOf the 60 participants recruited, 41 were randomised to MK&M and 19 to control. All participants completed baseline measures and 62% (n=37) completed post‐intervention outcome measures. All progression criteria met the minimum thresholds to proceed. Nine participants were interviewed. The themes identified were satisfaction with study recruitment processes (openness to participate, reading and agreeing to “terms and conditions”), acceptability of study design (remote study participation, acceptability of randomisation, completion of online assessment(s)), and methods to improve recruitment and retention (personalised approach, follow‐up communication).ConclusionThis internal pilot demonstrated the feasibility and acceptability of a virtually run RCT. Progression criteria thresholds to proceed to the definitive RCT were met. Areas for improvement were identified and protocol amendments were made to improve trial delivery.
Diagnostic value of CSF chromogranin A to discriminate between Alzheimer's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies
Authors: Bousiges Olivier , Lavaux Thomas , Demuynck Catherine , Schaeffer‐Agalède Caroline , Philippi Nathalie , Muller Candice , Cretin Benjamin , Blanc Frédéric 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundChromogranin A (CgA) seems to be involved in the pathophysiology of different neurodegenerative pathologies such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB). CgA is present in the aggregates of amyloid plaques and in Lewy bodies but CgA also has a function in neuroinflammatory processes via microglia. Our objective was to determine if there is a difference in the CgA concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of AD and DLB patients and whether the CgA concentration can discriminate between the two diseases.MethodsUsing the previously described AlphaLewyMA cohort, we included 117 patients with a CSF CgA assay: 15 control subjects (CS group), 64 DLB patients, 17 AD patients and 21 patients with both AD and probable DLB criteria (AD/DLB group). CgA concentration was assessed using the MSD platform.ResultsCSF CgA was increased in the AD and AD/DLB groups compared with the DLB group (p = 0.0006 between AD and DLB, p = 0.0013 between AD/DLB and DLB). No significant difference in CgA concentration was found between DLB and CS. ROC curve analysis showed an area under the curve of 0.791 between AD and DLB. CgA concentrations were correlated with t‐Tau and P‐Tau regardless of the pathology (for Tau: p = 0.022 for AD; p < 0.0001 for DLB; p = 0.004 for AD/DLB; for P‐Tau: p = 0.032 for AD; p < 0.0001 for DLB; p = 0.0009 for AD/DLB). Aβ42 was positively correlated with CgA in the DLB group but not in the AD and AD/DLB groups (for DLB: p < 0.0001; for AD: p = 0.57; for AD/DLB: p = 0.58).ConclusionsCSF CgA concentrations are increased in AD but not in DLB and correlate with P‐Tau and Tau whatever the disease. These results suggest a link between tauopathy/neurodegeneration and CgA.
Impact of renal dysfunction on the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis using urinary trypsinogen‐2: A retrospective study
Authors: Sato Yuko , Inokuchi Ryota , Yamamoto Miyuki , Horie Ryohei , Asada Toshifumi , Matsubara Takehiro , Doi Kent 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimEarly diagnosis of acute pancreatitis is crucial, and urinary trypsinogen has been recently reported as a useful biomarker for diagnosing acute pancreatitis. We aimed to evaluate the impact of renal dysfunction on the diagnostic performance of urinary trypsinogen‐2 for acute pancreatitis.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study using the clinical data of patients who visited the Department of Emergency and Critical Care at the University of Tokyo Hospital between 1 October, 2021, and 30 June, 2022. Patients with available data on qualitative urinary trypsinogen‐2 levels were identified. We compared the urinary trypsinogen‐2 levels among patients who were clinically diagnosed with acute pancreatitis. We further stratified the patients according to renal function parameters, such as serum creatinine level, blood urea nitrogen level, and estimated glomerular filtration rate, and evaluated the performance of urinary trypsinogen‐2 as a biomarker for acute pancreatitis.ResultsWithin 9 months, 35 patients were identified. Of them, 22 patients showed positive results and 13 showed negative results on the urinary trypsinogen‐2 test. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 0.80, 0.40, 0.18, and 0.92, respectively. Based on the blood urea nitrogen level and estimated glomerular filtration rate, the prevalence of false‐positive results was significantly higher in patients with reduced renal function than in those with normal renal function.ConclusionIn patients with reduced renal function, the urinary trypsinogen‐2 qualitative test results might be interpreted with caution when used for diagnosing acute pancreatitis.image
Technology‐delivered personalized nutrition intervention on dietary outcomes among adults with overweight and obesity: A systematic review, meta‐analysis, and meta‐regression
Authors: Lau Ying , Wong Sai Ho , Chee Daniel Guang Hui , Ng Brenda Sok Peng , Ang Wen Wei , Han Chad Yixian , Cheng Ling Jie 
Published: February 2024

SummaryThe prevalence of overweight and obesity has continued to increase globally, and one‐size‐fits‐all dietary recommendations may not be suitable for different individual characteristics. A personalized nutrition intervention may be a potential solution. This review aims to evaluate the effects of the technology‐delivered personalized nutrition intervention on energy, fat, vegetable, and fruit intakes among adults with overweight and obesity. A three‐step comprehensive search strategy was performed from 10 databases and seven clinical registries in published and unpublished trials. A total of 46 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving 19,670 adults with overweight and obesity from 14 countries are included. Subgroup and meta‐regression analyses were conducted. Meta‐analyses showed a reduction of energy intake (−128.05, 95% CI: −197.08, −59.01) and fat intake (−1.81% energy/days, 95% CI: −3.38, −0.24, and −0.19 scores, 95% CI: −0.40, 0.02) in the intervention compared with the comparator. Significant improvements in vegetable and fruit intakes with 0.12–0.15 servings/day were observed in the intervention. Combined one‐ and two‐way interactions had a greater effect on energy intake reduction compared with their counterparts. Meta‐regression analyses revealed that no significant covariates were found. Given that the certainty of the evidence was rated as low or very low, further well‐designed RCTs with long‐term follow‐up are warranted.
Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 in osteoblasts promotes the healing of extraction sockets
Authors: Yang Jie , Yang Shurong , Ge Xuejun , Yuan Lu , Qi Yini , Huang Zhen , Yang Guan , Zhang Ran 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectivesTo explore the effect of protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) on tooth extraction sockets healing, we established an extraction sockets model in osteoblast‐conditional Prmt5 knockout mice. The results provided clues for promoting extraction sockets healing in clinical settings.Materials and MethodsMaxillary first molars were extracted from 6 to 8‐week‐old mice to establish an extraction fossa model. Microcomputed tomography (Micro‐CT), histology, and immunostaining assays were performed on samples harvested at 3‐, 7‐, and 14‐day post‐extraction. Prmt5‐silenced cell lines were employed to explore the regulatory mechanisms underlying the osteigenic differentiation.ResultsPRMT5 expression was higher in the early stage of socket healing. Micro‐CT analysis showed that the percentage of new bone in the extraction sockets was lower in OC‐Cre; Prmt5fl/fl mice than in the control group, consistent with Masson staining. We found that, Prmt5 deficiency delayed the osteogenesis during extraction socket healing, which might be achieved through the decrease of H4R3me2s in the Sp7 promoter region.ConclusionPRMT5 in osteoblasts may promote the differentiation of osteoblasts by regulating the Sp7 promoter H4R3me2s and participate in the healing of tooth extraction sockets.
A systematic review of neurological airway respiratory cardiovascular other‐surgical severity (NARCO‐SS) score as a pediatric perioperative scoring system
Authors: Udupa Ashwin N. , Majmudar Ahan A. , Tran Liem 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo systematically identify and synthesize the available evidence of the neurological airway respiratory cardiovascular other‐surgical severity (NARCO‐SS) score as compared to other pediatric specific perioperative scoring systems.DesignThis systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis (PRISMA) statement. All studies in all languages comparing NARCO‐SS with pediatric perioperative scoring systems against outcomes were included. Records were screened and data were extracted by three independent reviewers into standardized pilot‐tested extraction templates.Data SourcesElectronic searches were performed in MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and CINAHL (from inception to February 2023).Review MethodsThe references were uploaded to a validated software for systematic reviews (Rayyan) and screened against the inclusion criteria. Full text of included studies were reviewed and the available data were tabulated. We conducted Risk of Bias analysis on the included studies using the Prediction model Risk Of Bias ASsessment Tool (PROBAST).ResultsA meta‐analysis could not be performed due to differences in outcome definitions across the included studies. Correlations between NARCO‐SS scores, ASA‐PS scores and the predefined outcomes of each study were presented as a narrative synthesis. The included studies were determined to have a high risk of bias using the PROBAST.ConclusionsThis review has identified a need for high‐quality studies assessing NARCO‐SS before recommendations for clinical practice can be made. Addressing its limitations and enhancing the NARCO‐SS through targeted refinements of its individual descriptive categories could potentially lead to improvement in its overall predictive accuracy and facilitate wider adoption into clinical practice.
Effects of a dark septate endophyte and extracellular metabolites on alfalfa root exudates: a non‐targeted metabolomics analysis
Authors: Bi Yinli , Wang Shuhui , Song Yaning , Christie Peter 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDark septate endophytes (DSE) are widespread colonizers of plant roots and have important ecological functions such as the regulation of plant growth and nutrient uptake. The mechanisms by which DSE mycelium and its extracellular metabolites promote plant growth have not yet been determined. Here, the growth‐promoting effects of DSE mycelium (H) and extracellular metabolites (M) on alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) were investigated. Treatments H, M and HM increased the total biomass of alfalfa by 23.9%, 47.2% and 47.1%, respectively. H and M modified root structure by increasing root volume and reducing root tissue density, and promoting nutrient uptake. Metabolomic analysis indicates that alfalfa root exudates contained 204 metabolites of different types, mainly lipids and lipid‐like molecules, organic acids and derivatives, benzenoids. There were more organoheterocyclic compounds and fewer organic acids and derivatives in root exudates in treatment H than in treatment M. Pathway analysis shows that DSE and its extracellular metabolites had greater effects on glycerophospholipid metabolism and N‐glycan biosynthesis pathway. The results provide information on the mechanisms involved in the metabolic regulation of plant growth promotion by DSE.
Classifying coping strategies from suicide prevention safety plans
Authors: Daglas Zoe , Lu Sinh , Gresham Daniel , Tatnell Ruth , Stanley Barbara H. , Melvin Glenn A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntroductionUnderstanding the specific strategies individuals use to cope with their suicidal thoughts may have implications for suicide prevention. This study developed a classification system of coping strategies and applied this system to individual coping behaviors documented in a safety planning intervention smartphone application called Beyond Now.Method725 Beyond Now safety planning app users, aged 16 to over 55 years, entered coping strategies that were used to develop a classification system through content analysis. Entries were either user generated or selected from a list of suggested coping strategies, and 2960 entries were classified using the system.ResultsOur classification system featured 11 distinct descriptive categories, with media consumption being the most popular coping strategy among Beyond Now users, followed by relaxation and self‐care activities, exercise and creative activities. More than half (57%) of the entries were suggested coping strategies with the remainder being user‐generated entries (43%).ConclusionA wide range of coping strategies were entered into safety plans, with activities that aim to either distract or provide reductions in emotional arousal common. Future research is needed to evaluate the efficacy of the coping strategies listed in safety plans.
Does employment assistance promote employment of the impoverished in China? Evidence from a mixed methods approach
Authors: Wang Shencheng , Yang Yongzheng , Liu Baochen 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe issue of employment is extremely significant, and employment assistance programs work for special social assistance and employment support for the impoverished in China. Are employment assistance programs, particularly those providing job recommendations and free vocational training, effective in promoting employment in China? This study answers this question using a mixed methods approach. Logistic regressions and propensity score matching–difference in differences models using unique data from the “Construction of Social Policy Support System for Urban and Rural Impoverished Families in China” project demonstrates that providing either job recommendations or free vocational training does not significantly promote employment. Qualitative analyses of in‐depth interviews show that the ineffectiveness of providing job recommendations and vocational training programs can be attributed to three reasons: (1) lack of coordination among employment assistance providers, (2) mismatch between employment assistance provision and recipients' needs, and (3) employment assistance as subordinates to Dibao and labor market policy. This study has important theoretical and practical implications for research on and improvement of employment assistance.
Causal relationship between inflammatory bowel disease and erythema nodosum: A two‐sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Zhu Haoqi , Jiang Yi , Ma Guolong , Xu Yuan , Pan Jingyi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies have demonstrated the coexistence of erythema nodosum (EN) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), while the exact etiology of the co‐occurrence of the two disorders remains uncertain.MethodsA bidirectional two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) design was employed to determine the causal link between EN and IBD. Genetic variations associated with Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) were derived from accessible genome‐wide association studies pertaining to European ancestry. The FinnGen database was used to find the genetic variations containing EN. In the forward model, IBD was identified as the exposure, whereas in the reverse model, EN was identified as the exposure. The causal link between IBD and EN was examined using a range of different analysis techniques, the primary one being the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method, including inverse variance weighted‐fixed effects (IVW‐FE) and inverse‐variance weighted‐multiplicative random effects (IVW‐MRE). To strengthen the results, assessments of sensitivity, heterogeneity, and pleiotropy were also conducted.ResultsMR results showed that IBD increased the risk of EN (IVW‐MRE: OR = 1.242, 95% CI = 1.068–1.443, p = 0.005). Furthermore, there was a strong correlation found between CD and a higher risk of EN (IVW‐FE: OR = 1.250, 95% CI = 1.119–1.396, p = 8.036 × 10−5). However, UC did not appear to be linked to EN (IVW‐FE: OR = 1.104, 95% CI = 0.868–1.405, p = 0.421). The reverse MR analysis findings did not imply that EN was linked to IBD. Horizontal pleiotropy did not appear to exist, and the robustness of these findings was confirmed.ConclusionThe current investigation found that in European populations, IBD and its subtype CD could raise the incidence of EN.
A revision of maximal oxygen consumption and exercise capacity at altitude 70 years after the first climb of Mount Everest
Authors: Ferretti Guido , Strapazzon Giacomo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractOn the 70th anniversary of the first climb of Mount Everest by Edmund Hillary and Tensing Norgay, we discuss the physiological bases of climbing Everest with or without supplementary oxygen. After summarizing the data of the 1953 expedition and the effects of oxygen administration, we analyse the reasons why Reinhold Messner and Peter Habeler succeeded without supplementary oxygen in 1978. The consequences of this climb for physiology are briefly discussed. An overall analysis of maximal oxygen consumption () at altitude follows. In this section, we discuss the reasons for the non‐linear fall of at altitude, we support the statement that it is a mirror image of the oxygen equilibrium curve, and we propose an analogue of Hill's model of the oxygen equilibrium curve to analyse the fall. In the following section, we discuss the role of the ventilatory and pulmonary resistances to oxygen flow in limiting , which becomes progressively greater while moving toward higher altitudes. On top of Everest, these resistances provide most of the limitation, and the oxygen equilibrium curve and the respiratory system provide linear responses. This phenomenon is more accentuated in athletes with elevated , due to exercise‐induced arterial hypoxaemia. The large differences in that we observe at sea level disappear at altitude. There is no need for a very high at sea level to climb the highest peaks on Earth.
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A New Physics-Informed Condition Indicator for Cost-Effective Direct Current Solenoid Valves Using Significant Points of the Excitation Current
Authors: Maurelli Luca , Mazzoleni Mirko , Previdi Fabio , Camisani Andrea 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis paper proposes a new condition indicator (CI) for cost-effective industrial direct current (DC)-powered solenoid valves (SVs). First, a literature review of the failure modes for SVs is reported. The failure regarding the impeded movement of the valve plunger is considered. The proposed CI for this failure mode is computed from only some significant points of the SVs excitation current and their time instants. The proposed CI is evaluated by a large endurance campaign on a set of SVs. Then, a Remaining Useful Life (RUL) estimation algorithm is proposed and evaluated on the experimental data. Experimental results show the goodness of the proposed CI for RUL estimation of cost-effective industrial DC SVs.
Laser-Driven Impacts to Characterize Protection Materials
Authors: Mallick Debjoy D. , McKee Phillip J. , Wetzel Eric D. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We detail the development of a pulsed-laser-driven spherical projectile launcher to perform characterization experiments on ceramic and polymer protection materials with high experimental throughput. Prior researchers have successfully demonstrated launches of projectiles up to 50 μm in diameter, but the microstructures of protection materials for Military applications contain features (inclusions, composite layers, etc.) on larger scales. We build upon their work to launch Ti, steel, and WC spheres with diameters in the 100s of microns, albeit at slower velocities up to approximately 500 m/s, to perform impact experiments on materials with thicknesses in the 100s of microns with an emphasis on comparing our smaller length scale results to application-scale results in the literature. The developed strain rate is within the 104 to 107 s-1 regime, nicely encompassing the strain rates expected from impacts spanning small caliber to hypervelocity applications, but at an experimental scale that enables more experiments than conventional tests.
Hypervelocity Impact of Aluminum Projectiles Against Soil with Frozen Water
Authors: Nechitailo Nicholas 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Deep Impact was a NASA spacecraft that released an impactor into the Tempel 1 comet. According to NASA's predictive models, the collision should have excavated a 100-m wide crater. However, post-impact images revealed a much larger crater. In addition, the impact released a far greater amount of water than originally predicted. It caused a brilliant flash of light and an increase in the brightness of the inner cloud of dust and gas. The photo records revealed a bright spray. The plume opacity and the amount of the produced light were surprising. The brightness of the visible data was explained by the melting of silicates. It was also suggested that the visible selfluminous plume could be due to carbon from thermally disassociated organics. This paper offers a different explanation for the larger than expected released energy, ejecta, and plume luminosity. It appears that similar phenomena were observed in our hypervelocity tests involving aluminum projectiles and wet sand at freezing temperatures. We recorded a large fireball, when no fireball was expected, and powerful luminous sand ejecta.
Shock Response of Architectured Interpenetrating Phase Composites
Authors: Taylor Spencer V , Gonzales Manny , Cordero Zachary C 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Architectured interpenetrating phase composites (IPCs) show promise for structural aerospace components, but their structure-dynamic property relations are not well understood. In this work, we examine the macroscale and fine-scale dynamic response of interpenetrating phase composites comprising a body-centered cubic steel lattice embedded in an aluminum matrix. Through plate impact simulations, we find that the complex mesoscale geometry reduces shock velocity relative to monolithic constituents, slowing and spreading the shock front via reflection and redirection. In the fine-scale, we can predict several aspects of the oscillatory pressure and longitudinal velocity responses by tracking internal wave reflections. Finally, we observe that the post-shock maximum temperature increases with structural openness, and thermal hotspots form at interfaces parallel to the shock direction, with preferred orientation to maximize the deviatoric strain contribution. The findings in this work provide novel structure-property linkages in the dynamic response of architectured interpenetrating phase composites.