bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Articulatory Analysis Of English Consonants Produced By Pashto Native Speakers Of Different Dialects
Authors: Abbasi Dr. Abdul Malik , Bux Dr. Illahi , Hussain Ms. Javeriya Ahmed , Khan Ms. Ahlam , Nawaz Mr. Karim 
Published: February 2024

This perceptual study explores the challenges faced by Pashto ESL learners in articulating nine English consonants. The study focuses on identifying the most problematic sounds and providing a learnable solution. Previous studies examined around six troublesome consonantal sounds, however, this perceptual and productive study focuses on the targeted consonantal sounds. The primary goal of the study is to determine why Khilji, Khatak, and Afridi dialects of Pashto speakers struggle with these sounds. The study examines the phonetic and phonological differences between the two languages and how these disparities affect the articulation of Pashto native speakers. The study is designed based on the Contrastive Analysis Theory formulated by Lado (1967). For this, nine consonants were selected for recording, which include the voiceless labio-dental fricative /f/, the voiced labio-dental fricative /v/, the voiceless dental fricative /θ/, the voiced dental fricative /ð/, the voiced post-alveolar fricative /ʒ/, the voiceless velar stop /k/, the voiceless alveolar ridge stop /t/, the voiced labio-velar approximant /w/ and the voiced alveolar stop /d/. By utilizing the purposive sampling technique, six participants were selected from colleges and universities in Karachi speaking three different dialects of Pashto. Pashto speakers recorded the speech stimuli as per protocols of the study. The results reveal that Pashto ESL learners find the voiceless labio-dental fricative /f/, voiceless velar stop /k/, voiceless alveolar ridge stop /t/, and voiced alveolar stop /d/ less challenging to articulate. On the other hand, the most problematic sounds were voiced and voiceless inter-dental fricatives /θ/ and /ð/, voiced labio-dental fricative /v/, voiced Alveo-palatal fricative /ʒ/ and voiced labio-velar approximant /w/. The finding reveals that the difference in sound systems between the two languages and the absence of sounds in their native language cause Pashto native speakers to have difficulty in pronouncing these sounds. The finding is not in line with the previous studies in terms of articulation variations on account of dialectal features.
AKIBAT HUKUM DALAM PERJANJIAN JUAL BELI BARANG YANG AKAN ADA
Authors: Rafa Azri Julian Humaer  
Published: February 2024

The purpose of this study is to know clearly the implementation of the sale and purchase agreement of goods (tobacco) which will exist in terms of the Civil Code and the legal consequences arising from the sale and purchase of goods (tobacco)
which will exist in terms of the Civil Code. The research method used is normative and empirical research. Based on the results of the research note that the sale of new goods (tobacco) aka tone in the future is legitimate because in accordance with the terms of the validity of the agreement set forth in the Civil Code and which bear the risk of disappearance of the object of the agreement is dependent of how the object is destroyed.
THE SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF ADULTS AIRWAY DEVICES IN AWAKE TRACHEAL INTUBATION
Authors: Nurochman SIdik Fajar , Muhammad Suharyo Dhimas , Solehudin Hipni , Lesmana Putri Fitria 
Published: February 2024

Background: Although flexible bronchoscopes are often used for awake tracheal intubation, other airway instruments including videolaryngoscopes, direct laryngoscopes, and optical stylets are becoming more and more useful.
Aims : This systematic review is to review the the effects for airway devices on patients with awake tracheal intubation.
Methods: By comparing itself to the standards set by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) 2020, this study was able to show that it met all of the requirements. So, the experts were able to make sure that the study was as up-to-date as it was possible to be. For this search approach, publications that came out between 2014 and 2024 were taken into account. Several different online reference sources, like Pubmed and SCIENCE DIRECT, were used to do this. It was decided not to take into account review pieces, works that had already been published, or works that were only half done.
Result: In the PubMed database, the results of our search brought up 431 articles, whereas the results of our search on SCIENCE DIRECT brought up 289 articles. The results of the search conducted for the last year of 2014 yielded a total 23 articles for PubMed and 115 articles for SCIENCE DIRECT. In the end, we compiled a total of 6 papers, 5 of which came from PubMed and 1 of which came from SCIENCE DIRECT. We included six research that met the criteria.
Conclusion: In summary, in the context of awake tracheal intubation, flexible bronchoscopes, optical stylets, and channelled and unchannelled videolaryngoscopes were clinically equivalent airway devices. The time to tracheal intubation was longest with flexible bronchoscopes and shortest with optical stylets.
THE SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF NON-OPIOID ANALGESICS IN ADULTS AFTER MAJOR SURGERY
Authors: Nurochman SIdik Fajar , Muhammad Suharyo Dhimas , Solehudin Hipni , Lesmana Putri Fitria 
Published: February 2024

Background: Following surgery, chronic postsurgical discomfort is frequent. Finding non-opioid analgesics that may be able to stop persistent pain following surgery is crucial, even if these trials frequently lack sufficient funding.
Aims : This systematic review is to review the effects of non-opioid analgesics in adults after major surgery
Methods: By comparing itself to the standards set by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) 2020, this study was able to show that it met all of the requirements. So, the experts were able to make sure that the study was as up-to-date as it was possible to be. For this search approach, publications that came out between 2014 and 2024 were taken into account. Several different online reference sources, like Pubmed and SCIENCE DIRECT, were used to do this. It was decided not to take into account review pieces, works that had already been published, or works that were only half done.
Result: In the PubMed database, the results of our search brought up 234 articles, whereas the results of our search on SCIENCE DIRECT brought up 803 articles. The results of the search conducted for the last year of 2014 yielded a total 67 articles for PubMed and 29 articles for SCIENCE DIRECT. In the end, we compiled a total of 6 papers, 5 of which came from PubMed and 1 of which came from SCIENCE DIRECT. We included six research that met the criteria.
Conclusion: In summary, this systematic review contains the postoperative outcomes in patients after treated with intravein non opioid analgetics after surgery than in controls in terms of 24 hours post operative of opioid use, the pain score, hopitalization perior and the occurrence of opioid related adverse events.
TINJAUAN RELASI KUASA PADA KEKERASAN SEKSUAL DALAM HUBUNGAN PERSONAL
Authors: Aryana I Wayan Putu Sucana 
Published: February 2024

Kekerasan seksual dapat dilakukan oleh siapa saja, termasuk dalam hubungan personal. Kekerasan seksual yang dilakukan dalam hubungan personal dapat ditinjau dari relasi kuasa. Dalam penelitian ini akan membahas mengenai relasi kuasa antara pelaku dengan korban serta perlindungan hukum bagi korban kekerasan seksual dalam hubungan personal. Dalam konteks relasi kuasa, korban adalah kelompok rentan yakni perempuan dan anak. Pelaku memiliki power yang lebih tinggi sehingga dapat menindas korban. Kekerasan seksual dalam hubungan personal, mencakup pula kekerasan yang dilakukan oleh pacar. Perlindungan hukum merupakan kewajiban negara untuk melindungi korban. Ketentuan terbaru yang dimiliki oleh Indonesia adalah Undang-undang Penghapusan Kekerasan Seksual. Ruang lingkup kekerasan seksual yakni pelecehan seksual;eksploitasi seksual; pemaksaan kontrasepsi; pemaksaan aborsi; perkosaan; pemaksaan perkawinan; pemaksaan pelacuran; perbudakan seksual; dan/atau penyiksaan seksual.
A Comparative Study of India and China’s Economic Assistance to Maldives
Authors: MOBIN  
Published: February 2024

This study aims to assess the comparative analysis of India and China’s economic assistance to Maldives. Maldives is smallest country in South Asia. The republic of Maldives, so far, is one of the least known country in the international community. Maldives, a group of 1200 islands spanning around 90,000 square kilometres in the Indian Ocean Region, has been in the limelight for the last decade. It has population around 5 lakhs. The archipelago country is strategically important for both India and the Indian Ocean Region (IOR). The Maldivian economy is primarily driven by tourism and fish exports, and for decades India has been an important trade partner. At present, strategic significance of the Indian ocean region has been increased due to its location, vital for trade and defence. In the Indian Ocean and South Asia, China and India are gaining a dominant role. Both nations are striving for influence in South Asia and the Indian Ocean region. The Maldives and Indo-China have a significant diplomatic relationship. The Maldives’ potential for self-development has been strengthened and their social and economic growth has been accelerated due to China’s consistent assistance. Both countries provide economic and humanitarian assistance to South Asian countries, and Maldives is one of them. This paper is divided into three parts: Firstly, to evaluate financial help provided by China and India to the Maldives. Secondly, to assess the Maldives response to this assistance provided by China and India to the Maldives. Thirdly, to explore problems and prospects associated with the help providing by China and India to the Maldives.
Sensory-based transmethodology in practice research
Authors: Nielsen Anne Maj 
Published: February 2024

In this article, I present a sensory-based transmethodological research approach based on body-phenomenological conceptualizations of embodied memory and lived experiences, and on cultural-historical conceptualizations of modes of socializing behavior and mediating means as the nexus for personal learning and development. The transmethodology combines sensory methods to study individual research participants’ lived experiences and describe them in detail, and methods to study how these same individuals use sociocultural mediating means in communication and to make meaning of their lived experiences as participants in social communities of practice. The particular methodology was developed during practice research, where we as a research team engaged in embodied and contemplative practices together with student teachers in Denmark to explore how they experienced the effects of contemplative practices on their encounters with students, colleagues, or parents in challenging situations during their education and in school practice as newly educated teachers. The practices of the sensory-based transmethodology created a corpus of qualitative data with the potential to transform our ideas about relationship-building and education.
Apert’s Disease: Three Case Reports and Review of the Literature
Authors: Ourrai A. , Halimy B. , Hassani A. , Abilkassem R. , Agadr A. 
Published: February 2024

Apert's disease is an acrocephalosyndactyly, which is part of the craniofaciostenosis group. It is characterized by craniofacial dysmorphia and syndactyly of the hands and feet. It is a rare autosomal dominant condition, but sporadic cases are common. The pathogenesis is poorly understood. It is due to premature welding of the coronal sutures.
Presently described are cases of three infants diagnosed with Apert syndrome based on symptomatic association with the help of medical imaging.
Alpert syndrome requires treatment by a multidisciplinary team. The priority of treatment is to combat brain compression in children and to manage cardiorespiratory problems. Facial anomalies most often require several surgical interventions at different ages of life.
Change Point Detection of Temperature in Karnataka State in India During the Period 1979-2019
Authors: Rani Seedari Ujwala , Kumar Pramod , Singh Naveen P. , Srivastava S. K. , Paul Ranjit Kumar , Padaria R. N. , Tadigiri Sirisha , Kishore M. Ravi , Rani N. Sri Vidya 
Published: February 2024

This paper deals with study of exposure of Karnataka state to climate change for a period 1979-2019. The Mann Whitney Pettit’s homogeneity test (MWP) was analysed for 240 data sets for monthly data of minimum (MTmin) and maximum temperature (MT max) across ten agro climatic zones) to estimate the year of structural break or year of shift in mean monthly temperature from one level to next higher level during the forty years of study period i.e., 1979-2019. About 77 data sets were identified to show year of structural break The annual mean temperature recorded anupward shift in all the agro climatic zones of Karnataka except in hilly zone. The break year was chosen based on its frequent occurrence in data sets of minimum and maximum temperature. It is observed to be 1998 for North Eastern Transition Zone and is 1997, 1994, 1996, 1995, 1996, 1999, 1999, 1999 and 1997 for North Eastern Dry Zone, Northern Dry Zone, Central Dry Zone, Eastern Dry Zone, Southern Dry Zone, Southern Transition Zone, Northern Transition Zone, Hilly Zone and Coastal Zone respectively. Therefore, it is a evidential picture reflecting the increase in temperatures across the zones. Researchers should develop crop varieties that are insensitive to temperature changes and should develop packages of practices which will mitigate adverse effect of fluctuations in climate parameters on crop productivity.
Enhancing Data Access Security through the Utilization of [2048,512,4] Linear Code
Authors: Olaewe Olufemi Ololade , Agbedemnab Peter Awonnatemi , Iddrisu Mohammed Muniru 
Published: February 2024

Linear code is a type of error-correcting code that satisfies the property of closure under addition. Linear codes have been a major component in data security and cryptography and has been proven as an important tool in maintaining privacy. Linear code, [n,k,d] is a type of linear code with specific parameters that describe its properties and capabilities with n being the length of codewords, k, the dimension of the code and d denotes the minimum Hamming distance. Code [2048,512,4] is an example of [n,k,d] Linear code with large codeword length, high dimension and a moderate minimum hamming distance. It was generated by a combination of two of [1024,256,4] linear code and its validity has been verified and confirmed using Gilbert Varshamov bound. This paper proposes a technique to enhance data access security by utilizing linear code [2048,512,4]. The proposed algorithm utilizes a sophisticated linear code equivalence test methodology to create a robust and secure system that generates and validates unique [2048, 512, 4] linear codes. These codes serve as highly effective authentication mechanisms, granting individualized access privileges to different users within the system. Also, by employing cutting-edge techniques in linear code equivalence testing, the algorithm ensures the generation of distinct and non-repeating [2048, 512, 4] linear codes, uniquely tailored to be each user's credentials. The analysis of the results reveals that to breach such a security measure, an intruder would need to contend with a vast number of permutations and combinations. In particular, there are 2048 P 2048 patterns and an astounding 131,328 distinct combinations of codewords that remain unknown to any potential breacher. These findings underscore the robustness and invulnerability of the proposed technique for enhancing data access security. The proposed technique also demonstrates a potential for significantly enhancing the protection of sensitive data for organisations in both pre-quantum and post quantum computing within the digital ecosystem.
A
arskog Syndrome
Authors: Stevenson Roger E. 
Published: January 2005

Abstract
Aarskog syndrome is one of the most clinically distinctive phenotypes among the hereditary syndromes. Manifestations in the facial morphology, skeleton, and genitalia form a clinically useful triad, present from birth. Identification of an X‐linked pattern of inheritance in familial cases and the presence of subtle findings in carrier females can further assist in diagnosis. Many multigenerational pedigrees have been identified because of the X‐linked inheritance pattern, the presence of distinctive external manifestations and the absence of lethal manifestations. The responsible gene has been identified and testing for gene mutations has recently become available.
Angelman Syndrome
Authors: Williams Charles A. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractAngelman syndrome is a genetic neurobehavioral condition that is characterized by developmental delay, progressive microcephaly, ataxic gait, absence of speech, seizures, and spontaneous bouts of laughter. The first reports from North America appeared in the early 1980s. More recently, many new case reports and several reviews have appeared. Angelman syndrome has been reported throughout the world among divergent racial groups. In North America, the great majority of known cases seem to be of Caucasian origin. Although the exact incidence of Angelman syndrome is unknown, an estimate of between 1 in 12,000 and 1 in 20,000 seems reasonable. Life span does not appear to be dramatically shortened, and a 62‐year‐old woman with Angelman syndrome and many individuals in their fourth or fifth decades of life are known.
B
ardet‐
B
iedl Syndrome
Authors: Slavotinek Anne M. 
Published: January 2005

Abstract
Bardet‐Biedl syndrome is a rare, pleiotropic congenital malformation syndrome comprising rod‐cone dystrophy, postaxial polydactyly, truncal obesity, learning disability, hypogenitalism, and renal disease. It is an important diagnostic consideration in syndromes with progressive visual impairment or with overgrowth. In the last few years, isolation of seven of the causative genes in this heterogeneous syndrome and the elucidation of possible complex patterns of inheritance have resulted in an increased awareness of Bardet‐Biedl syndrome in the medical and scientific community.
Beckwith‐Wiedemann Syndrome and Hemihyperplasia
Authors: Weksberg Rosanna , Shuman Cheryl 
Published: January 2005

AbstractBeckwith‐Wiedemann syndrome is characterized by a triad of exomphalos, macroglossia, and gigantism. The population incidence is estimated to be 1 in 13,700 with equal incidence in males and females. This is likely an underestimate as cases with milder phenotypes may not be diagnosed. Some cases of isolated hemihyperplasia may, in fact, represent cases of Beckwith‐Wiedemann syndrome with reduced expressivity. Clinical features of Beckwith‐Wiedemann syndrome, in addition to the triad mentioned above, include hemihyperplasia, umbilical hernia, diastasis recti, embryonal tumors, adrenocortical cytomegaly, ear anomalies, visceromegaly, renal abnormalities, and neonatal hypoglycemia. Supportive findings may include polyhydramnios and prematurity, enlarged placenta, cardiomegaly, and characteristic facies. The latter feature is much more recognizable in early life and becomes less obvious over time. Beckwith‐Wiedemann syndrome is a complex multigenic disorder caused by alterations in growth regulatory genes on chromosome 11p15 and can currently be categorized into eight distinct genetic groups.
CorneliadeLange Syndrome
Authors: Fitzpatrick David R. , Kline Antonie D. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractCornelia de Lange syndrome is a rare developmental malformation syndrome characterized by learning disability, small stature, limb abnormalities, and distinctive craniofacial features. The facial gestalt is the most widely accepted criterion for diagnosis. The most distinctive features are neat semicircular eyebrows with synophrys, long and curly eyelashes, a long, smooth and prominent philtrum, and thin lips with down‐turned corners producing a crescent‐shaped mouth. No diagnostic biochemical, cytogenetic, or molecular test exists, and the diagnosis relies on clinical history and examination. Within Cornelia de Lange syndrome there is a wide spectrum of severity. At the most severe end are severely growth‐retarded infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia and/or severe limb reduction defects and global cognitive impairment with little or no speech. Mildly affected individuals may have no major malformations and close to normal intelligence and are able to live independently and reproduce. Estimates of incidence vary from 1 in 10,000 to 1 in 100,000 live births.
C
ostello Syndrome
Authors: Lin Angela E. , Gripp Karen W. , Kerr Bronwyn 
Published: January 2005

Abstract
Costello syndrome is a distinctive multiple‐anomaly condition whose core features include a characteristic facial appearance, moderate intellectual handicap, poor postnatal growth, loose skin of the hands and feet with characteristic hand position, and papillomata. Additional features include increased birth weight, severe feeding difficulty, cardiac abnormalities, additional skin lesions, and joint laxity. There is an increased risk for tumors.
C
raniosynostosis Syndromes
Authors: Gripp Karen W. , Zackai Elaine H. 
Published: January 2005

Abstract
Craniosynostosis, the premature fusion of cranial sutures, is relatively common with an estimated birth prevalence of 1/3000. Most often the sagittal suture is affected, and the majority of these are of nongenetic origin. Coronal synostosis is the second most common form, and this may be an isolated finding or due to an underlying genetic cause (in about one third of cases). More than 100 craniosynostosis syndromes have been described. Many of these are accompanied by limb abnormalities, suggesting common molecular pathways for craniofacial and limb development. Apert, Pfeiffer, Crouzon, Muenke, and Saethre‐Chotzen are the most common of the craniosynostosis syndromes and this chapter will focus on these entities.
Denys‐Drash andFrasier Syndromes
Authors: Clericuzio Carol L. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractDenys‐Drash and Frasier syndromes represent a spectrum of disorders of genitourinary development and neoplasia caused by autosomal dominant mutations in theWT1tumor‐suppressor gene. Denys‐Drash syndrome is classically defined by the clinical triad of incomplete male genital development, early‐onset nephropathy, and Wilms tumor. Frasier syndrome is defined as the triad of XY gonadal dysgenesis (i.e., phenotypic females with 46,XY karyotype and streak gonads), childhood‐onset renal failure, and gonadoblastoma. XX females can also haveWT1mutations and develop nephropathy and tumors but have normal female genitalia and thus are not recognized until these complications develop. While, in general, there is a phenotype/genotype correlation between these syndromes and the types ofWT1mutations, in reality there is great overlap in the clinical presentations and types of mutations, such that many affected individuals have intermediate phenotypes and others have incomplete phenotypes. Hence Denys‐Drash syndrome and Frasier syndrome are best thought of as “WT1spectrum disorders,” and individuals with any features of the clinical spectrum should be considered at risk forWT1mutations and associated nephropathy and tumors.