bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contribution of Radiotherapy to Function Preservation and Cancer Outcome in Primary Treatment of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Lee Anne W.M. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractDevelopment of primary treatment for nasopharyngeal carcinoma is summarized and the contribution of radiotherapy (RT) is reviewed. Accumulation of knowledge, together with technological advances, has led to significant improvement both for tumor control and organ preservation. With contemporary RT, it is possible to achieve a 10‐year disease‐specific survival of 47% with a severe late complication rate of 5%. Presenting stage is one of the most important prognostic factors, but unfortunately late presentation and delayed diagnosis remains a common problem. The average local control rate is 80% for tumor confined within the nasopharynx, but only 50% for those associated with erosion of the base of the skull or cranial nerve involvement. Nodal deposits from nasopharyngeal carcinoma are much more radiosensitive than those from other head and neck cancers. An average control rate of 75% can be achieved with RT alone, even in patients with nodes > 6 cm in diameter. Successful locoregional control is important, not only because it is crucial for survival but also because it is associated with a lower incidence of distant failure (29% versus 41%). Distant failure remains a sinister problem, especially for patients presenting with advanced T or N‐stage cancers. Randomized trials exploring the value of additional chemotherapy are reviewed. The significant improvement in 3‐year overall survival achieved by the addition of concurrent and adjuvant chemotherapy (78% versus 47%) recently reported is encouraging, but remaining uncertainties are also discussed.
Supracricoid Partial Laryngectomy with Cricohyoidopexy in the Management of Laryngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Brasnu Daniel F. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractSupracricoid partial laryngectomy with cricohyoidopexy is a conservative laryngeal procedure indicated in selected cases of supraglottic and transglottic carcinoma. In this technique, the thyroid cartilage, the paraglottic space, the preepiglottic space, and the whole epiglottis are excised, whereas the hyoid bone, the cricoid cartilage, and one or two artenoid cartilages are preserved. A cricohyoidopexy is used for closure. The surgical principle is based on the preservation of at least one functional and mobile cricoarytenoid unit. This procedure is a true organ preservation technique, as it preserves physiological rehabilitation of speech, swallowing, and respiration without a permanent tracheostomy. Indications, contraindications surgical technique, postoperative care, complications, and functional and oncological results are presented and discussed.
Peritraumatic versus persistent dissociation in acute stress disorder
Authors: Panasetis Paula , Bryant Richard A. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe DSM‐IV definition of acute stress disorder (ASD) regards dissociation that occurs during a trauma (peritraumatic dissociation) comparably to persistent dissociation. This study investigated the relative contributions of peritraumatic dissociation and persistent dissociation to acute posttraumatic stress reactions. Civilian trauma (N = 53) survivors with either acute stress disorder (ASD), subclinical ASD, or no ASD were administered modified versions of the Peritraumatic Dissociative Experiences Questionnaire that indexed both dissociation during the trauma and dissociation at the time of assessment. Persistent dissociation was more strongly associated with ASD severity and intrusive symptoms than peritraumatic dissociation. These results are consistent with the proposition that persistent, rather than peritrumatic, dissociation is associated with posttraumatic psychopathology.
Long‐term effects of the Dresden bombing: Relationships to control beliefs, religious belief, and personal growth
Authors: Maercker Andreas , Herrle Johannes 
Published: November 2003

AbstractAftereffects of the Dresden bombing of February 1945 on 47 survivors were investigated using a comprehensive framework of trauma sequelae including pathogenetic, salutogenetic, and further mediating or moderating variables. A relatively low rate of PTSD symptomatology was noted. Traumatic exposure was related to current PTSD symptoms and to personal growth, with no systematic relationships between the 2 outcome variables. PTSD symptoms were primarily related to external control, whereas personal growth was primarily associated with internal control. Religious belief in the afterlife moderated effects between exposure and posttraumatic avoidance or personal growth. Furthermore, belonging to particular age groups at traumatization (adolescents, middle‐aged adults) was associated with increased posttraumatic intrusions at the time of data collection.
Health effects of war stress on Norwegian World War II resistance groups: A comparative study
Authors: Major Ellinor F. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe main aim of this study was to investigate the extent to which adverse long‐term health effects of World War II stress exposure were present in 3 groups of resistance veterans. The groups had been exposed to different types of war stressors: concentration camp incarceration, resistance participation within the illegal press, and a secret military organization. With the differences in war stressors as a basis, we assumed that those incarcerated in a concentration camp would display more adverse health effect compared to the resistance veterans. The findings point to a relationship between the severity of war stressors and postwar health in all 3 groups.
“Decadose” Effects of Cisplatin on Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Upper Aerodigestive Tract. II. Clinical Studies
Authors: Robbins K. Thomas , Storniolo Anna Maria , Hryniuk William M. , Howell Stephen B. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThere is evidence that solid tumors rapidly acquire cellular resistance to cisplatin. This resistance is usually mild to moderate and could be circumvented with higher concentrations of drug exposure if ancillary methods were available to avoid systemic cytotoxicity. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a tenfold increase in dose (decadose) would overcome cisplatin resistance.In a clinical trial, response effects of cisplatin at dose intensities ranging from 32.5 to 200 mg/m2 per week, which were delivered by highly selective intra‐arterial infusions with a simultaneously administered intravenous neutralizing agent, were measured in 31 patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the upper aerodigestive tract (UADT). The overall response rate (complete response [CR] and partial response [PR]) to cisplatin therapy at dose intensity intervals of 0 to 74, 75 to 149, and 150 to 200 mg/m2 per week were 45.5%, 72.7%, and 100%, respectively. The average received dose intensities for nonresponders and responders (CR and PR) were 57.8 and 120.7 mg/m2 per week, respectively (P = .031).The results indicate that resistance to standard doses of cisplatin by SCC of the UADT, both previously untreated and recurrent, can be substantially overcome with “decadose” cisplatin therapy. Progress toward improving survival of patients with head and neck cancer, and possibly other site‐specific malignancies, may be achieved by incorporating decadose cisplatin therapy into a multimodality treatment plan.
Bilateral Sensorineural Hearing Loss Associated With the Point Mutation in Mitochondrial Genome
Authors: Oshima Takeshi , Ueda Narihisa , Ikeda Katsuhisa , Abe Koji , Takasaka Tomonori 
Published: November 2003

AbstractMitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutation associated with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) has previously been described in MELAS (mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke‐like episodes) and in aminoglycoside‐induced deafness. The authors of this study report three cases of SNHL associated with mtDNA mutation (3243A→G). They examined the clinical features of this type of SNHL by audiologic studies and examined the mtDNA mutation by the polymerase chain reaction technique.In the three cases described, the SNHL had an adult onset and was bilateral and symmetrical. All patients had adult‐onset diabetes mellitus. Audiologic studies revealed that the SNHL in all patients derived from the cochlea rather than from retrocochlear sites. It is presumed that mtDNA mutation results in mitochondrial dysfunction in cochlear tissues (i.e., hair cells and stria vascularis) and in neurons of the auditory pathway. Genetic analysis of mtDNA offers new insight into the diagnosis and treatment of SNHL.
Nasal and Nasopharyngeal Angiocentric T‐Cell Lymphomas
Authors: Davison Steven P. , Habermann Thomas M. , Strickler John G. , DeRemee Richard A. , Earle John D. , McDonald Thomas J. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThirty patients (24 men and 6 women) with a median age of 44.5 years who had angiocentric T‐cell lymphoma were studied. The neoplastic cells in each had a T‐cell phenotype. Epstein‐Barr virus RNA was detected in the neoplastic cells in 29 of 30 patients. The most common presenting symptom was nasal obstruction followed by purulent rhinorrhea. Patients with early presentation had only a friable nasal or nasopharyngeal mucosa; late clinical signs included septal perforation in 40%. Twenty‐one of 30 patients received radiation therapy as initial treatment; 22 of 30 patients achieved a complete remission. Fifteen patients relapsed: 10 with local recurrence and 5 with systemic disease. In long‐term follow‐up, 10 patients were alive and disease free, 6 patients died of unrelated causes, and 12 patients died of disease.
Visual Loss Reversed After Treatment of Acute Bacterial Sinusitis
Authors: Galati Lisa T. , Baredes Soly , Mauriello Joseph , Frohman Larry 
Published: November 2003

AbstractVisual loss is a rare complication of acute bacterial sinusitis (ABS). Very few cases have been reported in the literature. Only two cases of visual loss reversed after treatment of ABS are found in the English‐language literature. We present three cases in which significant visual loss was reversed after treatment of ABS. The experience with visual loss associated with ABS is small; therefore, no definitive statement about treatment can be made. However, on the basis of our experience, it appears that immediate surgical drainage with antibiotic therapy may be important in restoring vision.
Foot and Ear Disease‐The Dermatophytid Reaction in Otology
Authors: Derebery M. Jennifer , Berliner Karen I. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractChronic otitis externa (COE) is occasionally refractory to treatment and may persist for years. In such cases, a dermatophytid (id) reaction from a fungal infection in a remote location should be suspected. Immunotherapy with dermatophyte (Trichophyton, Oidiomycetes, and Epidermophyton [T.O.E.]) extracts and dust mite, based on serial endpoint titration skin test results, as well as a yeast elimination diet is the treatment of choice.Fourteen cases of id reaction are described. The primary fungal source was not always obvious, but immunotherapy and diet led to complete resolution of the COE in 8 cases (57.1%) and improvement in another 3 cases (21.4%). Some case reports illustrate presentation, treatment, and outcome.
Experimentally Induced Polyps in the Sinus Mucosa
Authors: Norlander Tomas , Westrin Karl Magnus , Fukami Masaya , Stierna Pontus , Carlsöö Bengt 
Published: November 2003

AbstractTo document polyp formation in the sinus mucosa, the authors of this study subjected New Zealand white rabbits to different modes of manipulation intended to induce inflammation of the maxillary sinus. These manipulations included a combination of bacterial infection and mechanical trauma, the deposition of agarose into the sinus cavity, and the deposition of N‐formyl‐methionyl‐leucyl‐phenylalanine, a chemotactic peptide, into the sinus cavity. A majority of animals developed polyps, which were examined by light and electron microscopy.Polyp formation appears to involve epithelial disruption and the migration of immature branching epithelium. While part of the migrating epithelium eventually covers the mucosal defect, other branches spread into the underlying connective tissue, where intraepithelial microcavities with a differentiated, ciliated lining are formed. Fusing cavities separate the developing polyp body from the adjacent mucosa. With the described method, mucosal polyps can be induced with high reproducibility.
Laser Photochemotherapy With Anthracyclines on Cultured Human Squamous Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Paiva M. B. , Saxton R. E. , Letts G. St. A. , Chung P. S. , Soudant J. , Vanderwerf Q. , Castro Dan J. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractA new treatment for cancer has been tested in vitro using light‐sensitive anthracyclines followed by laser photoactivation, as described by several investigators. We previously reported 10‐fold enhanced laser killing after 2 hours of incubation with daunomycin by cultured human carcinoma cells. This short‐term uptake leads to drug localization in cytoplasmic and membrane sites prior to nuclear accumulation and topoisomerase inhibition. In the present study, daunomycin was incubated for 2 or 24 hours with P3 squamous carcinoma cells to directly compare cytoplasmic vs. nuclear drug targeting before and after KTP‐532 laser activation. Monolayer cultures of the P3 cells sensitized with daunomycin for 2 hours, then chilled (4°C), and exposed to the KTP laser (532 nm, 94.2 J/cm2) had a 2‐ to 10‐fold increased therapeutic response compared with drug or laser alone when measured by MTT tetrazolium assays. After 24 hours of incubation with daunomycin, the chemotherapeutic response of P3 tumor cells was amplified 2‐fold by laser exposure. The results suggest that daunomycin and laser treatment can be combined for improved therapy of human cancer.
Pulmonary Atelectasis After Reconstruction With a Latissimus Dorsi Myocutaneous Flap
Authors: Wax Mark K. , Hurst Janis 
Published: November 2003

AbstractAtelectasis is the most common postoperative complication encountered in head and neck surgery. Risk factors include preexisting pulmonary disease, type of surgery performed, and the length of anesthetic. It is controversial whether reconstruction of defects with regional myogenous flaps predisposes to atelectasis. The latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap requires the patient to be placed on his side for a period of time. Whether it is the position or the surgery that contributes to the development of atelectasis has not been examined.Eighteen patients underwent latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap reconstruction following major ablative procedures for head and neck cancer. The cutaneous area transferred ranged from 70 to 225 cm2 (mean, 128 cm2). The flap size ranged from 7 × 10 to 15 × 15 cm. The majority of flaps were 10 × 15 cm or greater. These patients were compared to 18 patients who did not undergo pedicled myocutaneous chest flap reconstruction. Patients were matched for age, sex, length of operation, site of primary, and stage of disease.Postoperative atelectasis was radiographically detected in 89% of flap patients vs. 79% of controls. Major atelectasis was encountered in 16% of patients undergoing flap surgery vs. 11% of patients in the control group. Patients with large cutaneous paddles on their flaps (>120 cm2) had significantly more atelectasis than patients with smaller cutaneous paddles (P<.05, chi‐squared).The incidence of radiographic postoperative atelectasis in patients having a latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap is high. The size of the skin paddle harvested as well as the position change may contribute to this.
Development of the 12‐Item Cross‐Cultural Smell Identification Test(CC‐SIT)
Authors: Doty Richard L. , Marcus Avron , William Lee W. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe development of the 12‐item Cross‐Cultural Smell Identification Test(CC‐SIT), based upon items from the University of Pen.sylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT), is described. In developing this test, the authors initially selected UPSIT items that are familiar to most persons from North American, European, South American, and Asian cultures. The CC‐SIT was then administered to 198 people ranging in age from 5 to 96 years, and the test scores were compared to analogous items from UPSITs administered to 198 age‐, sex‐, race‐, and smoking‐habit‐matched control subjects. Since the pattern of test scores did not differ for the two groups, the authors developed normative data for the 12‐item test using equivalent UPSIT items sampled from a database containing UPSIT scores for 3760 subjects. Norms are provided for determining the percentile ranks of a given patient's score as a function of age and gender. The CC‐SIT provides, for the first time, a self‐administered means for reliably assessing olfactory function in less than 5 minutes.
Erbium Laser in Middle Ear Surgery: In Vitro and In Vivo Animal Study
Authors: Shah Udayan K. , Poe Dennis S. , Rebeiz Elie E. , Perrault Donald F. , Pankratov Michail M. , Shapshay Stanley M. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractCadaveric human temporal bones, cadaveric rabbits, and live rats were used to demonstrate the utility and safety of the erbium:yttrium‐scandium‐gallium‐garnet (Er:YSGG) laser for otologic applications. The shallow penetration in water of this wavelength and its ability to ablate bony tissue with minimal collateral thermal effects spare underlying and adjacent structures and make it appealing for stapedotomy. The authors were able to satisfactorily perform small fenestra stapedotomy, atticotomy, facial nerve decompression, and mastoidectomy. Temperature measurements from the round window area during Er:YSGG stapedotomy recorded an elevation of less than 2°C, which is well within acceptable limits. An acoustic shock produced at the impact site is the major disadvantage and requires further in vivo investigation of the transient and sustained deleterious effects away from the application site. This work supports further investigation into potential applications of the Er:YSGG laser in otology.
Quantitative Assessment of the Variation Within Grades of Facial Paralysis
Authors: Neely J. Gail , Joaquin Allen H. , Kohn Luci A. , Cheung John Y. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractA completely objective, unambiguous outcome measure of facial function is now available. A new automated computer‐assisted clinimetric system combines the crucial detection capabilities of the human observer and the unique capacity of the computer to quantify the image light reflectance difference observed during facial expression.The new system was applied to 27 patients with a variety of diseases affecting the facial nerve. All subjects could be individually and objectively ranked, and disease‐specific profiles could be constructed. These tasks are not possible with the House‐Brackmann scale, because of the wide variation within grades and the ambiguity between grades. With the automated objective, unambiguous outcome measure, it may be possible to define individual case progression, recovery, and outcome over the course of disease.
Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Subtraction Techniques in the Postoperative Evaluation of Craniofacial Resection for Sinonasal Malignancy
Authors: Lund Valerie J. , Lloyd Glyn A.S. , Howard David J. , Cheesman Anthony D. , Phelps Peter D. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enhanced with gadolinium and diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) in the preoperative evaluation of sinonasal malignancy is well established and has an accuracy of over 98%. Since 1979, 208 patients have undergone craniofacial resection at London's Institute of Laryngology & Otology, primarily for sinonasal neoplasia affecting the anterior skull base. Thirty‐five “high‐risk” patients had MRI at follow‐up. The MRI scans were assessed before the patients were examined under anesthesia.MRI was assessed before examination under anesthesia and the results compared with histologic findings demonstrating a reasonable degree of positive correlation but one which is inferior to that found preoperatively (80%). An extension of this technique using the subtraction of T1‐weighted MRI with Gd‐DTPA highlights areas of increased vascularity, which significantly improves the ability to predict recurrence at the skull base and above the surgical repair in the anterior cranial fossa (94%).Laryngoscope, 106:553‐558, 1996
Three‐Dimensional Computed Imaging Using a Personal Computer for Nasal Surgery
Authors: Tsunoda Atsunobu , Komatsuzaki Atsushi , Yamada Mari , Terasaki Omi 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThree‐dimensional (3‐D) computed imaging was applied before surgery in 16 patients with nasal or paranasal disease. The images obtained by computed tomography (CT) were scanned by a personal computer. The contours of the organs were outlined on the scanned images, and the images were then reconstructed using 3‐D imaging software. The resulting 3‐D images were evaluated and compared with actual surgical images.The 3‐D images were found to be useful for surgical procedures, because they facilitated recognition of the topologic relation between structure and lesion. Although this method requires a personal computer and an image scanner, it is cheaper than, and in some respects even superior to, a 3‐D CT system.Laryngoscope, 106:584‐588, 1996
Human Nasal Epithelium Adsorbs Complement C3‐Related Fragments and Expresses Cell Membrane Complement Regulatory Proteins
Authors: Varsano Shabtai , Frolkis Inna , Shapiro Hava , Ophir Dov 
Published: November 2003

AbstractRecent evidence suggests that complement is activated in human nasal airways in inflammatory states. Activated complement protects the nasal mucosa against microorganisms, but also has the potential to lyse the host's normal cells. Complement‐mediated cell lysis depends on adsorption of complement to the cell membrane and on uninterrupted activation of the complement cascade upon the same cell membrane. In the present study, the authors investigated first whether key complement components, C3‐related fragments, are adsorbed to nasal epithelial cell membrane. Second, we investigated whether nasal epithelium expresses cell membrane complement regulatory proteins that are known as interruptors of complement activation.Studies were done using fresh nasal mucosa obtained at turbinectomies from allergic rhinitis and vasomotor rhinitis patients. In addition, in order to establish an in vitro model, studies were also done using primary cell cultures of nasal epithelium. We have found that complement C3‐related fragments are present on cell membranes of fresh nasal epithelium and that C3‐related fragments are adsorbed to the epithelial cell membrane in nasal mucosa tissue segments and in cell cultures that were incubated with autologous serum. Adsorption of C3‐related fragments to the cell membrane of cultured nasal epithelial cells was found by flow cytometry analysis to be concentration‐dependent. In addition, we found that nasal epithelium in fresh tissue and in cell culture express three cell membrane complement regulatory proteins: membrane cofactor protein (MCP, CD46), decay‐accelerating factor(DAF, CD55), and CD59. Our findings in fresh nasal epithelium suggest that complement activation may occur upon the nasal epithelial cell membrane during inflammation in vivo and that nasal epithelium might regulate this complement activation. Our in vitro cell culture model will allow further investigations of complement activation and regulation upon the human nasal epithelial cell membrane.Laryngoscope, 106:599‐604, 1996