bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trademark image retrieval by distance–angle pair‐wise histogram
Authors: Lin Shinfeng D. , Shie Shih‐Chieh , Chen Wen‐Sheng , Shu B. Y. , Yang X. L. , Su Yu‐Lung 
Published: August 2005

AbstractBecause of the continuously increasing number of registered trademarks, it is more and more difficult to design and register a new trademark without conflicting with the registered trademarks or logos. Traditionally, trademark indexing by text description is applied for trademark image databases. However, as more and more trademarks have been designed with complex content, describing a trademark only with text description is not an efficient approach any more. Therefore, trademark indexing by its content is required for comparing, retrieving and classifying similar trademarks. In this article, a content‐based trademark image retrieval system is proposed. The newly designed trademarks can be avoided from being similar with the registered ones with such a system. This scheme makes use of the distance–angle pair‐wise histogram as a feature vector of trademark shape for retrieving similar registered trademarks. Several moment‐based trademark retrieval schemes have also been implemented in computer simulations. Experiments have been conducted on registered trademark databases. Impressive results are shown to demonstrate the robustness of the proposed scheme. Moreover, it is quite simple to construct the distance–angle pair‐wise histogram for a trademark object. Therefore, the retrieval speed is acceptable and the system can be accessed through internet on a web browser. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 15, 103–113, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ima.20043
Stereoscopic imaging and computer vision of impinging fires by a single camera with a stereo adapter
Authors: Ng Wen Bin , Zhang Yang 
Published: August 2005

AbstractIn this article, the novelty of using a single camera for stereoscopic imaging and computer vision of fire dynamics has been described. Specifically, 3D surface topology of the fires can be reconstructed and visualized using stereoscopic methodology. The basic stereo apparatus used in the present study consists of a high‐resolution digital camera and a stereo adapter, which is mounted to the front filter ring of the camera. A pair of stereo images could therefore be formed through the same lens system and recorded simultaneously on the same charge coupled device (CCD) chip. The mechanism of using a stereo adapter for stereoscopic imaging and its geometry has been elaborated in detail. The digitally reconstructed 3D results have also been validated by optical stereoscopic viewing using a pair of electronic shutter glasses synchronized with a computer monitor. The results have demonstrated that the single camera technique is a very powerful and cost‐effective diagnostic tool for fire studies. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 15, 114–122, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ima.20044
Image coding based on wavelet feature vector
Authors: Lin Shinfeng D. , Shie Shih‐Chieh , Lee Kuo‐Yuan 
Published: August 2005

AbstractIn this article, an efficient image coding scheme that takes advantages of feature vector in wavelet domain is proposed. First, a multi‐stage discrete wavelet transform is applied on the image. Then, the wavelet feature vectors are extracted from the wavelet‐decomposed subimages by collecting the corresponding wavelet coefficients. And finally, the image is coded into bit‐stream by applying vector quantization (VQ) on the extracted wavelet feature vectors. In the encoder, the wavelet feature vectors are encoded with a codebook where the dimension of codeword is less than that of wavelet feature vector. By this way, the coding system can greatly improve its efficiency. However, to fully reconstruct the image, the received indexes in the decoder are decoded with a codebook where the dimension of codeword is the same as that of wavelet feature vector. Therefore, the quality of reconstructed images can be preserved well. The proposed scheme achieves good compression efficiency by the following three methods. (1) Using the correlation among wavelet coefficients. (2) Placing different emphasis on wavelet coefficients at different decomposing levels. (3) Preserving the most important information of the image by coding the lowest‐pass subimage individually. In our experiments, simulation results show that the proposed scheme outperforms the recent VQ‐based image coding schemes and wavelet‐based image coding techniques, respectively. Moreover, the proposed scheme is also suitable for very low bit rate image coding. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 15, 123–130, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ima.20045
A practical approach for estimating illumination distribution from shadows using a single image
Authors: Kim Taeone , Hong Ki‐Sang 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThis article presents a practical method that estimates illumination distribution from shadows using only a single image. The shadows are assumed to be cast on a textured, Lambertian surface by an object of known shape. Previous methods for illumination estimation from shadows usually require that the reflectance property of the surface on which shadows are cast be constant or uniform, or need an additional image to cancel out the effects of varying albedo of the textured surface on illumination estimation. But, our method deals with an estimation problem for which surface albedo information is not available. In this case, the estimation problem corresponds to an underdetermined one. We show that the combination of regularization by correlation and some user‐specified information can be a practical method for solving the underdetermined problem. In addition, as an optimization tool for solving the problem, we develop a constrained Non‐Negative Quadratic Programming (NNQP) technique into which not only regularization but also multiple linear constraints induced by user‐specified information are easily incorporated. We test and validate our method on both synthetic and real images and present some experimental results. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 15, 143–154, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ima.20047
Topographic guidance of endothelial cells on silicone surfaces with micro‐ to nanogrooves: Orientation of actin filaments and focal adhesions
Authors: Uttayarat Pimpon , Toworfe George K. , Dietrich Franziska , Lelkes Peter I. , Composto Russell J. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractTo mimic the uniformly elongated endothelium in natural linear vessels, bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs) are cultured on micro‐ to nanogrooved, model poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) substrates preadsorbed with about 300 ng/cm2 of fibronectin. BAEC alignment, elongation, and projected area were investigated for channel depths of 200 nm, 500 nm, 1 μm, and 5 μm, as well as smooth surfaces. Except for the 5 μm case, the ridge and channel widths were held nearly constant about 3.5 μm. With increasing channel depth, the percentage of aligned BAECs increased by factors of 2, 2, 1.8, and 1.7 for 1, 4, 24, and 48 h. Maximum alignment, about 90%, was observed for 1 μm deep channels at 1 h. The alignment of BAECs on grooved PDMS was maintained at least until cells reached near confluence. F‐actin and vinculin at focal adhesions also aligned with channel direction. Analysis of confocal microscopy images showed that focal adhesions localized at corners and along the sidewalls of 1‐μm deep channels. In contrast, focal adhesions could not form on the bottom of the 5‐μm deep channels. Cell proliferation was similar on grooved and smooth substrates. In summary, PDMS substrates engraved with micro‐ and nanochannels provide a powerful method for investigating the interplay between topography and cell/cytoskeletal alignment. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2005
The effect of combined cyclic mechanical stretching and microgrooved surface topography on the behavior of fibroblasts
Authors: Loesberg W. A. , Walboomers X. F. , van Loon J. J. W. A. , Jansen J. A. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractUnder the influence of mechanical stress, cultured fibroblasts have a tendency to orient themselves perpendicular to the stress direction. Similar cell alignment can be induced by guiding cells along topographical clues, like microgrooves. The aim of this study was to evaluate cell behavior on microgrooved substrates, exposed to cyclic stretching. We hypothesized that cellular shape is mainly determined by topographical clues. On basis of earlier studies, a 10‐μm wide square groove, and a 40‐μm wide V‐shaped groove pattern were used. Smooth substrates served as controls. Onto all substrates fibroblasts were cultured and 1‐Hz cyclic stretching was applied (0, 4, or 8%) for 3–24 h. Cells were prepared for scanning electron microscopy, immunostaining of filamentous actin, alignment measurements, and PCR (collagen‐I, fibronectin, α1‐ and β1‐integrins). Results showed that cells aligned on all grooved surfaces, and fluorescence microscopy showed similar orientation of intracellular actin filaments. After 3 h of stretch, cellular orientation started to commence, and after 24 h the cells had aligned themselves almost entirely. Image analysis showed better orientation with increasing groove depth. Statistical testing proved that the parameters groove type, groove orientation, and time all were significant, but the variation of stretch force was not. Substrates with microgrooves perpendicular to the stretch direction elicit a better cell alignment. The expression of β1‐integrin and collagen‐I was higher in the stretched samples. In conclusion, we can maintain our hypothesis, as microgrooved topography was most effective in applying strains relative to the long axis of the cell, and only secondary effects of stretch force were present. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2005
Crosslinked chitosan: Its physical properties and the effects of matrix stiffness on chondrocyte cell morphology and proliferation
Authors: Subramanian Anuradha , Lin Hsin‐Yi 
Published: August 2005

AbstractChitosan [β(1‐4)‐2 amino‐2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose], the natural polyaminosaccharide derived from N‐deacetylation of chitin [β(1‐4)‐2 acetamide‐2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose], has been shown to possess attractive biological and cell interactive properties. Recently chitosan and chitosan analogs have also been shown to support the growth and continued function of chondrocytes. In the present study, chitosan substrates are crosslinked with a functional diepoxide (1,4 butanediol diglycidyl ether) to alter its mechanical property, and the viability and proliferation of the canine articular chondrocytes seeded on the crosslinked surface are further assayed. Of interest is the impact of substrate stiffness on the growth and proliferation of articular canine chondrocytes. Crosslinked scaffolds were also subjected to degradation by chitosanase to examine the impact of crosslinking on enzyme‐assisted degradation. The hydrophilicity and compression modulus of the crosslinked surfaces were measured via contact‐angle measurements and compression tests, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and fluorescent staining were used to observe the proliferation and morphology of chondrocyte cells on noncrosslinked and crosslinked surfaces. The crosslinked chitosan was found to be nontoxic to chondrocytes and more hydrophilic. Its compression modulus and stiffness increased, which may improve the scaffold resistance to wear and in vivo shrinkage once implanted. The increased stiffness also seemed to serve as an additional mechanical stimulus to promote chondrocyte growth and proliferation. The cell morphology on crosslinked scaffolds seen by SEM and fluorescent stain was the typical chondrocytic rounded shape. The method proposed provides a nontoxic way to increase the mechanical strength of the chitosan scaffolds. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2005
Poly(lactide)‐poly(ethylene glycol) micelles as a carrier for griseofulvin
Authors: Pierri E. , Avgoustakis K. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractIn this work, the feasibility to develop micelle carriers of griseofulvin based on PLA‐PEG copolymers was investigated. With the use of the dialysis method of micelle formation, the micellization behavior of a range of PLA(X)‐PEG(5) copolymers was investigated. At copolymer concentrations in the organic solvent 10–20 mg/mL, stable micelles with 100% yield could only be prepared from PLA(X)‐PEG(5) copolymers with molar composition in the range 50–70% PEG. The copolymers exhibited sufficiently low CMC to provide stable micelles in vivo. The loading capacity of PLA(4)‐PEG(5) micelles with griseofulvin was 6.5 mg of drug/1 g of copolymer. The release of griseofulvin from the PLA‐PEG micelles in vitro in phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) was sustained over 30 days. No burst effect was observed. Analysis of the release kinetics suggested that the release was erosion‐controlled. The release profile was biphasic. Micelle degradation data in PBS indicated that the second phase of release was induced by copolymer degradation. The PLA‐PEG micelles of griseofulvin were stable in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids for a long‐enough time for oral application. Overall, the PLA‐PEG micelles have suitable properties to be considered as potential oral or topical formulations of griseofulvin, provided that the drug‐loading capacity of the micelles is sufficiently improved. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2005
Identification of Op18/stathmin as a potential target of ASK1‐p38 MAP kinase cascade
Authors: Mizumura Kenji , Takeda Kohsuke , Hashimoto Shu , Horie Takashi , Ichijo Hidenori 
Published: August 2005

AbstractApoptosis signal‐regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) is a mitogen‐activated protein (MAP) kinase kinase kinase that activates the JNK and p38 MAP kinase cascades and has a broad range of biological activities including cell differentiation and stress‐induced apoptosis. However, effector molecules of ASK1‐MAP kinase cascades that exert such activities have not been fully identified. Here we have identified oncoprotein 18 (Op18)/stathmin as a potential target of the ASK1‐p38 cascade. By two‐dimensional electrophoresis, phosphorylation of Op18/stathmin was found to be increased upon the expression of constitutively active ASK1 (ASK1ΔN) in PC12 cells. The ASK1‐dependent increase in the phosphorylation of Op18/stathmin was attenuated by the treatment with SB203580, suggesting that p38α and/or p38β contribute to the phosphorylation of Op18/stathmin. Consistently, we found that all four isoforms of p38 directly phosphorylated Op18/stathmin primarily at serine 25 in vitro. Taken together with the quantitative RT‐PCR data indicating that p38α was the dominantly expressed isoform in PC12 cells, ASK1‐induced phosphorylation of Op18/stathmin appears to be mediated mainly through p38α in these cells. Given that the microtubule‐destabilizing activity of Op18/stathmin is regulated by its phosphorylation, the ASK1‐p38 cascade may regulate microtubule dynamics through Op18/stathmin. J. Cell. Physiol. 206: 363–370, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Overexpression of hyaluronan synthases alters vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype and promotes monocyte adhesion
Authors: Wilkinson Thomas S. , Bressler Steven L. , Evanko Stephen P. , Braun Kathleen R. , Wight Thomas N. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractHyaluronan (HA) accumulates in vascular disease but its functional role is not fully understood. To investigate the impact of HA enriched extracellular matrices (ECM) on cell phenotype, arterial smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) were transduced with retroviral constructs (LXSN) encoding murine has‐1, has‐2, and has‐3. HA synthesis was significantly elevated in has transduced ASMCs. Metabolically labeled HA from has‐1 and has‐2 transduced cells was present mostly in high molecular weight (HWA) fractions (2–10 × 106 Da), whereas HA produced by has‐3 and control cells was present in lower molecular weight fractions (∼2 × 106 Da). Both has‐1 and has‐3 transduced ASMCs accumulated more pericellular HA than has‐2 transduced ASMCs. All has transduced ASMCs had attenuated growth and migration rates, and a decreased detachment response. Affinity histochemistry revealed that has‐1 transduced ASMCs accumulated the greatest amount of HA containing ECM than the other transduced ASMCs. This ECM was hyaluronidase sensitive and bound a significantly greater number of monocytes than the ECM generated by has‐2 or has‐3 transduced ASMCs. Confocal microscopy showed CD44 positive monocytes bound to hyaluronidase sensitive ECM in has‐1 transduced ASMCs. These data implicate specific has isoforms in the formation of HA enriched pro‐inflammatory ECMs. J. Cell. Physiol. 206: 378–385, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Microtubule‐dependent nuclear‐cytoplasmic shuttling of Runx2
Authors: Pockwinse Shirwin M. , Rajgopal Arun , Young Daniel W. , Mujeeb Khwaja A. , Nickerson Jeffrey , Javed Amjad , Redick Sambra , Lian Jane B. , van Wijnen Andre J. , Stein Janet L. , Stein Gary S. , Doxsey Stephen J. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractRUNX/AML transcription factors are critical regulators of cell growth and differentiation in multiple lineages and have been linked to human cancers including acute myelogenous leukemia (RUNX1), as well as breast (RUNX2) and gastric cancers (RUNX3). RUNX proteins are targeted to gene regulatory micro‐environments within the nucleus via a specific subnuclear targeting signal. However, the dynamics of RUNX distribution and compartmentalization between the cytoplasm and nucleus is minimally understood. Here we show by immunofluorescence microscopy that RUNX2 relocates from the nucleus to the cytoplasm when microtubules are stabilized by the chemotherapeutic agent taxol. The taxol‐dependent cytoplasmic accumulation of RUNX2 is inhibited by leptomycin B, which blocks CRM‐1 dependent nuclear export, and is not affected by the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide. Using biochemical assays, we show that endogenous RUNX2 associates with stabilized microtubules in a concentration‐dependent manner and that the RUNX2 amino terminus mediates the microtubule association. In soluble fractions of cells, RUNX2 co‐immunoprecipitates α tubulin suggesting that microtubule binding involves the α/β tubulin subunits. We conclude that RUNX2 associates with microtubules and shuttles between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. We propose that nuclear‐cytoplasmic shuttling of RUNX2 may modulate its transcriptional activity, as well as its ability to interface with signal transduction pathways that are integrated at RUNX2 containing subnuclear sites. It is possible that taxol‐induced acute depletion of the nuclear levels of RUNX2 and/or other cell growth regulatory factors may represent an alternative pathway by which taxol exerts its biological effects during cancer chemotherapies. J. Cell. Physiol. 206: 354–362, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dispersal of epithelial cancer cell colonies by lysophosphatidic acid (LPA)
Authors: Jourquin Jérôme , Yang Neng , Kam Yoonseok , Guess Cherise , Quaranta Vito 
Published: August 2005

AbstractWe describe a model system in which cancer cell colonies disperse into single, highly migratory cells in response to lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). Though LPA is known to stimulate chemotaxis and chemokinesis, a colony dispersal effect has not been reported, to our knowledge. Cancer colony dispersal by LPA is comprised of an ordered sequence of events: (1) stimulation of membrane ruffling and formation of lamellipodia, (2) dissolution of adherens junctions, (3) single cell migration in a mesenchymal‐like morphology we term “ginkgo‐leaf.” The net result is dispersal of carcinoma cells from a compact colony. We analyzed these three steps using live‐cell imaging and computer‐assisted quantification and measured the following parameters: onset of lamellipodia formation, lamellipodia velocity, colony dispersal, trans‐epithelial resistance, migrating cell number and speed. Because hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) was described as an epithelial scatter factor, we compared it to LPA in our system and found that HGF has no epithelial colony dispersal properties and that this effect is strictly related to LPA. Given its striking similarity to tumor cell budding observed in patients, we propose that LPA‐colony dispersal may provide a cellular mechanism underlying cancer invasion and as such deserves further studies. J. Cell. Physiol. 206: 337–346, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Loss of mitochondrial membrane potential is associated with increase in mitochondrial volume: Physiological role in neurones
Authors: Safiulina Dzhamilja , Veksler Vladimir , Zharkovsky Alexander , Kaasik Allen 
Published: August 2005

AbstractMitochondrial volume homeostasis is a housekeeping cellular function, thought to help regulate oxidative capacity, apoptosis, and mechanical signaling. The volume is mainly regulated by potassium flux into and out of the matrix and controlled by the electrochemical potential. Mitochondrial depolarization will therefore affect this flux but studies showing how have not been consistent, and it is unclear what mitochondrial volume changes also occur. The aim of the present study was to investigate mitochondrial volume changes in permeabilized neurons under various bioenergetic conditions using deconvolution confocal microscopy. Under control conditions, mitochondria in situ appeared rod‐shaped with mean length, surface area, and volume values of 2.29 ± 0.10 µm, 1.41 ± 0.10 µm2, and 0.062 ± 0.006 µm3, respectively (n = 42). Valinomycin, a K+‐selective ionophore, increased mitochondrial volume by 63 ± 22%, although surface area was almost unchanged because mitochondrial shape became more spherical. Pinacidil, an opener of mitochondrial ATP‐dependent channels, produced similar effects, although some mitochondria were insensitive to its action. Mitochondrial depolarization with the protonophore FCCP, or with respiratory chain inhibitors antimycin and sodium azide was associated with a considerable increase in mitochondrial volume (by 75%–140%). Effects of mitochondrial modulators were also studied in intact neurones. Tracking of single mitochondria showed that during 65 ± 2% of their time, mitochondria were motile with an average velocity of 0.19 ± 0.01 µm/s. Antimycin, azide, and FCCP induced mitochondrial swelling and significantly decreased mitochondrial motility. In the presence of pinacidil, swollen mitochondria had reduced their motility, although mitochondria with normal volume stayed motile. These data show that mitochondrial depolarization was followed by significant swelling, which, in turn, impaired mitochondrial trafficking. J. Cell. Physiol. 206: 347–353, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.