bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lactate metabolic coupling between the endplates and nucleus pulposus via MCT1 is essential for intervertebral disc health
Authors: Tsingas Maria , Tsingas Konstantinos , Zhang Wujuan , Goldman Aaron R. , Risbud Makarand V. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractDuring skeletal growth, there is an increased secretion of lactate by glycolytic nucleus pulposus (NP) cells of the intervertebral disc. To investigate the role of this anion, we generated annulus fibrosus (AF) and endplate (EP) specificMct1cKO(Slc16a1Col2CreERT2) mice. Histological and spatial transcriptomic studies indicated significant disc degeneration inMct1cKO, characterized by NP cell loss and delayed EP maturation. Metabolic assays showed that while AF and EP cells were glycolytic, EP chondrocytes readily metabolized lactate. In EP cells, lactate promoted protein, and H3K18 lactylation, implying epigenetic programming. These findings suggest that NP-derived lactate promotes EP cartilage transdifferentiation into the subchondral bone, and in its absence, continued glucose consumption by the persistent EP cartilage reduces glucose availability to the NP and AF likely contributing to tissue degeneration. This study provides the firstin vivoevidence that metabolic coupling between NP and EP cells is essential for disc growth and health.
Unraveling the Neurocognitive Mechanisms of Delayed Punishment in Second-and Third-Party Contexts
Authors: Huang Jiamin , He Yuwen , Chen Zejian , Cai Qianwei , Yao Yantong , Wang Yuanchen , Qi Yanyan , Wu Haiyan 
Published: February 2025

AbstractSecond-party punishment (SPP) and third-party punishment (TPP) are essential in regulating social behavior and maintaining social norms, yet the effectiveness may wane when punishment is delayed. Currently, the decision-making and neural mechanisms underlying SPP and TPP under temporal delays remain largely unexplored. This study investigated both SPP and TPP punishment decisions with time-delay (immediate vs. delayed) using a hypothetical criminal scenario assessment task with fMRI. Results showed increased activity in the bilateral precuneus and left temporoparietal junction (TPJ) and stronger left TPJ-dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) connectivity in SPP compared to TPP. Interestingly, third-parties imposed more severe punishment in delayed conditions than in immediate ones, accompanied by enhanced neural activity in dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC), left TPJ, ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC), ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), and caudate nucleus. This delay effect was evident only in misdemeanor and felony cases, with no differences in capital offenses, suggesting a moderating effect of criminal severity. In contrast, SPP showed no significant changes in punishment or neural response across immediate and delayed conditions. Multivariate pattern analysis further indicated that dmPFC, TPJ, vlPFC, vmPFC and caudate function together to encode punishment severity in TPP contexts, a pattern not observed in SPP. These findings underscore distinct decision-making mechanisms between SPP and TPP under temporal delays, with implications for understanding justice-related processing in the human brain under time constraints.Significance statementWithin the justice system, punishing norm violators is often hindered when they flee, resulting in delayed punishments. However, little is known about how second-party (SPP) and third-party (TPP) implement punishment with time delays. The current study investigated this using real criminal scenarios with time delays under fMRI scanning. We found that third parties imposed more severe punishment on defendants in delayed conditions than in immediate ones, reflected by enhanced neural activity in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, left temporoparietal junction, ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and caudate nucleus. In contrast, no significant differences were observed in second-party punishment. We also found a moderating effect of criminal severity: the difference between immediate and delayed sanctions by third-parties was present in misdemeanor and felony cases but not in capital offenses. These results shed light on the decision-making mechanisms of SPP and TPP in contexts involving temporal delay, which may have deep impact in different disciplines, e.g., social science, cognitive neuroscience and legal system.
What do neural travelling waves tell us about information flow?
Authors: Alamia Andrea , Grimaldi Antoine , Chavane Frederic , Vinck Martin 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIn many behavioral conditions, neural activity propagates within and across brain regions as traveling waves, revealing the importance of analyzing spatiotemporal dynamics in electrophysiological data. Most methods quantify such propagation by measuring spatial phase gradients, i.e., monotonic and ordered phase changes through space. Here, we demonstrate that the phase ordering in travelling waves is insufficient to determine the effective flow of information unambiguously. We demonstrate that, in some specific cases, the phase gradient indicates information propagation in the opposite direction than indicated by methods for causal inference. Using autoregressive modeling, we further show that such a discrepancy between the effective waves and the apparent waves measured via phase-based methods can, for example, be predicted by the sign of the projection from the lower to the higher nodes in the hierarchy. Together with an input signal in the lowest node, inhibitory bottom-up connections produce apparent waves propagating in the opposite, top-down direction. As a methodological solution, we show that Granger causality analysis can recover the information flow and its underlying causal structure, which can be used to disambiguate the “effective” flow.
Concurrent selection of internal goals and external sensations during visual search
Authors: Liu Baiwei , van Ede Freek 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTFlexible goal-directed behaviour relies on the selective processing of internal goal representations and external sensations. Yet, internal and external selection processes have classically been studied in isolation, leaving us in the dark how internal and external selection processes are coordinated in time to support behaviour. To address this, we developed a novel visual-search task in which we could simultaneously track selection among internal search goals held in working memory and external search targets in the environment. Capitalising on sensitive gaze and neural markers of internal and external visual selection, we provide proof-of-principle evidence in humans that internal and external selection processes do not necessarily take turns in a strictly serial manner, but can develop concurrently. We further show how concurrent internal and external selection processes are associated with largely non-overlapping neural activity patterns in the human brain, and how these processes can be performed effectively even when engaging opposite spatial locations in working memory and perception. These findings challenge views portraying brain states as being either internally or externally focused and bring new insight into how internal and external selection processes work together to yield efficient search behaviour.
Ketogenic interventions prevent alterations of the gut microbiome in transgenic Alzheimer’s Disease mice
Authors: M’Bra Paule E. H. , Avino Mariano , Lim Evelyne Ng Kwan , Mayhue Marian , Balthazar Philippe , Aumont Anne , Prévost Karine , Massé Eric , Fernandes Karl J.L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARYAlterations in the gut microbiome constitute a feature of aging and therefore represent a therapeutic target for aging-related diseases. In this study, we investigated the impact of ketogenic interventions on the microbiome of mice genetically predisposed to Alzheimer’s disease (AD). AD mice exhibited several microbial alterations, notably increased levels ofBifidobacteriumand decreased levels ofBacteroidetes.Ketogenic interventions, either a medium-chain triglyceride-enriched diet (MCT) or carbohydrate-free high-fat diet (CFHF), administered for 1 month restored the levels of more than 50% of the bacteria altered in AD mice, including a strong reduction inBifidobacteriumlevels. Ketogenic interventions induced a shift in the gut microbiome associated with increased levels of short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria, such asLachnospiraceaeandMuribaculaceae.MCT and CFHF also triggered diet-specific microbial changes, which may contribute to the distinct physiological effects of these diets. In conclusion, ketogenic interventions may influence AD pathophysiology by modulating the gut microbiome.
The Gender Gap in Economic and Financial Literacy: A Review and Research Agenda
Authors: Haag Lucy , Brahm Taiga 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTEconomic and financial literacy are crucial for both adults and adolescents due to their demonstrated impact on financial behavior, wealth accumulation, and retirement planning. However, studies indicate that financial literacy remains alarmingly low, especially among women. This disparity raises significant concerns about gender inequality in financial decision‐making and overall well‐being. This systematic literature review examines international research on the gender gap in economic and financial literacy and explores explanatory factors contributing to this gap. Applying the TCCM framework, we analyze 97 papers, including 185 individual studies. Findings confirm a gender gap favoring males across age groups and global contexts. Notably, the gap seems more pronounced in developed countries. Frequently reported explanatory factors are explored, including individuals' socialization, confidence, and computational skills, yet substantial parts of the gender gap remain unexplained by previous literature. Overall, this review contributes to the literature by providing a systematic overview of gender differences in economic and financial literacy and potential explanations.
Factors Affecting Collaboration of Intern Nurses With Patient Relatives in Psychiatry Clinic: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Tatu Merve Kızılırmak , Ercan Feride , Demir Satı 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundPsychiatric nursing internship practice aims to deliver nursing care to the individual with a mental disorder and his/her family and to fulfil all steps of the nursing process.Aims and ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to determine the factors affecting the collaboration of intern nurses with relatives of psychiatric patients.MethodsThe research was conducted as a descriptive qualitative research design. Participants consisted of 17 intern nurses. A semi‐structured interview form was used. The data analysed by the content analysis method in accordance with Guba and Lincoln's criteria of credibility, dependability, confirmability and transferability. COREQ checklist was used as a basis for planning and reporting the research.ResultsThe mean age of the participants was 21.29 ± 0.77 and 12 of them (70.5%) were female. The results of the study indicated three themes regarding the perceptions of intern nurses. The themes related to perceptions of intern nurses about collaboration with patients' relatives were as follows: ‘individual and environmental characteristics that are effective in collaborating with patient relatives’, ‘effective nursing practices in collaboration with patient relatives’ and ‘possible results of collaboration with patient relatives’.ConclusionsIntern nurses stated that the effective factors in working with patient relatives were the patient's symptoms and relationship with the family from the patient's perspective and views on illness and treatment, exposure to social stigma from the patients' relatives perspective. They stated that the nurse's communication skills and workload can be effective in working with patient relatives. Intern nurses expressed that information and education practices were important tools in collaboration with the patient relatives. It has been stated that collaboration with the patient relatives will provide possible desired results such as patient compliance with the treatment process, increased well‐being, strengthening coping skills in the patient relatives and reducing caregiver burden, and providing job satisfaction and satisfaction for the nurse.
HalALMT1 mediates malate efflux in the cortex of mature cluster rootlets of Hakea laurina, occurring naturally in severely phosphorus‐impoverished soil
Authors: Yamada Hirotsuna , Bunthara Lydia Ratna , Tanaka Akira , Kohama Takuro , Maruyama Hayato , Tanaka Wakana , Nishida Sho , Tantriani  , Oikawa Akira , Tawaraya Keitaro , Watanabe Toshihiro , Liu Shu Tong , Finnegan Patrick M. , Lambers Hans , Sasaki Takayuki , Wasaki Jun 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Hakea laurina, a woody Proteaceae, naturally occurs in severely phosphorus (P)‐impoverished habitats in southwest Australia. It develops distinctive cluster roots that exhibit a high capacity for carboxylate exudation and acid phosphatase activity, contributing to its P acquisition. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these physiological functions remain poorly understood.
We explored the cluster‐root transcriptome using de novo RNA‐Seq and identified Hakea laurina Aluminum‐activated Malate Transporter 1 (HalALMT1), encoding an aluminum (Al)‐activated malate transporter induced in mature cluster roots. We characterized HalALMT1 through electrophysiological assays and overexpression in Arabidopsis thaliana, and localized HalALMT1 expression, acid phosphatase activity, and suberized boundaries in cluster roots.
Differentially expressed genes highlighted multiple increased carboxylate‐related processes at cluster‐root maturity. HalALMT1 released malate, an activity further enhanced by exposure to Al3+. Notably, HalALMT1 was specifically expressed in mature cortex cells of cluster rootlets, which lack a suberized exodermis. Acid phosphatase activity was pronounced throughout the cluster rootlets, unlike in noncluster roots where it was limited to the epidermis and stele.
Substantial malate release and acid phosphatase activity in the cortex cells in cluster rootlets, which lack a suberized exodermis, allowed massive exudation. This study sheds light on an exquisite P‐acquisition strategy of Proteaceae, enabling survival under extremely low P availability.
Nonlinear System Identification with Gaussian Processes Using Laguerre and Kautz Filters
Authors: Illg Christopher , Balar Nishilkumar , Nelles Oliver 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
System identification can be used to determine data driven mathematical models of dynamic processes. For nonlinear processes, model architectures that are as flexible as possible are required. One possibility is to utilize Gaussian processes (GPs) as a universal approximator with an external dynamics realization, leading to highly flexible models. Novel Laguerre and Kautz filter based dynamics realizations in GP models are proposed. The Laguerre/Kautz pole(s) are treated as hyperparameters with the GPs' standard hyperparameter for the SEARD kernel. The two novel dynamics realizations in GP models are compared to different state-of-the-art dynamics realizations such as finite impulse response (FIR) or autoregressive with exogenous input (ARX). The big data case is handled via support points. Using Laguerre and Kautz regressor spaces allows both the dimensionality of the regressor space to be kept small and achieve superior performance. This is demonstrated through numerical examples and measured benchmark data of a Wiener-Hammerstein process.
Effects of Injector Layout on Mixture Formation for a Two-stroke Semi-Direct Injection Kerosene Piston Engine
Authors: Liu Rui , Liu Siyu , Xue Shen , Li Songhong , Li Jing , Ma Jie 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Traditional two-stroke piston engines encounter fuel short-circuiting issues, which result in low fuel efficiency and relatively poor emissions performance. The higher viscosity and lower volatility of heavy fuel contributes to increased fuel consumption and poorer emissions as utilized in these engines. This study explored the potential of multi-injector configurations in fuel atomization and evaporation, with a particular focus on semi-direct injection technology. The configurations that were presented include a dual-injector configuration for the main scavenging ports and a triple-injector configuration for both the main and auxiliary scavenging ports, which were compared to a single-injector configuration in the auxiliary scavenging port. Additionally, different fuel supply ratios for the triple-injector configuration were investigated in the study. A 3-D numerical computational model for a semi-direct injection engine was established to analyze the formation process and distribution of fuel atomization and air-fuel mixture under full load at an engine speed of 6000 r/min. Research indicates that locating the fuel injector closer to the scavenging port can effectively reduce fuel film formation and enhance the vaporization rate while maintaining a relatively high fuel capture rate, thereby leading to a uniform distribution of the air-fuel mixture. At a spray angle of 50°, the fuel gasification rate of liquid fuel is remarkably enhanced, attaining a value of 81.6%. Meanwhile, increasing the number of injectors reduces fuel loss and enhances both fuel vaporization and mixture uniformity. The fuel supply ratio of 1:1:1 in the triple-injector configuration for the main and auxiliary scavenging ports is more conducive to fuel atomization and evaporation.
Objective Moiré Patterns
Authors: Feng Fan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Moiré patterns, typically formed by overlaying two layers of two-dimensional materials, exhibit an effective long-range periodicity that depends on the short-range periodicity of each layer and their spatial misalignment. Here, we study moiré patterns in objective structures with symmetries different from those in conventional patterns such as twisted bilayer graphene. Specifically, the mathematical descriptions for ring patterns, 2D Bravais lattice patterns, and helical patterns are derived analytically as representative examples of objective moiré patterns, using an augmented Fourier approach. Our findings reveal that the objective moiré patterns retain the symmetries of their original structures but with different parameters. In addition, we present a non-objective case, conformal moiré patterns, to demonstrate the versatility of this approach. We hope this geometric framework will provide insights for solving more complex moiré patterns and facilitate the application of moiré patterns in X-ray diffractions, wave manipulations, molecular dynamics, and other fields.
Two different sulfotransferases modify sugars of the N-linked tetrasaccharide decorating
Halobacterium salinarum
glycoproteins
Authors: Zaretsky Marianna , Vershinin Zlata , Erez Lihi , Grossman-Haham Iris , Eichler Jerry 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Despite providing the first example of archaeal N-glycosylation almost 50 years ago, detailed insight into the pathway used by
Halobacterium salinarum
to assemble and attach an N-linked tetrasaccharide decorating glycoproteins in this haloarchaea has only recently appeared. Still, numerous components of this pathway remain to be identified, including sulfotransferase(s), which modify the third and fourth tetrasaccharide sugars. In the present report, a series of bioinformatics, genetic, biochemical, and structural approaches served to reveal how membrane-associated VNG1056C and soluble VNG1057C respectively sulfate the iduronic acid at tetrasaccharide position three and the terminal glucuronic acid, seemingly independent of each other. Deletion of
VNG1056C
but not of
VNG1057C
reduced cell motility to a minor degree and did not cause archaellum filament bundling. Finally, transcription of
VNG1056C
or
VNG1057C
was augmented upon deletion of the other when cells were grown in low but not high salinity conditions possibly in an attempt to compensate for the loss of sugar sulfation resulting from the deletion. This augmented transcription, however, had no effect on the extent of tetrasaccharide sulfation. With demonstrated roles in
Hbt. salinarum
N-glycosylation, VNG1056C and VNG1057C were respectively re-annotated as Agl30 and Agl31, employing the nomenclature used to define archaeal N-glycosylation pathway components.

IMPORTANCE

Like essentially all Archaea, the halophile
Halobacterium salinarum
performs N-glycosylation, namely, the covalent attachment of a glycan moiety to select asparagine residues in a target protein. Moreover,
Hbt. salinarum
represents one of the few current archaeal examples in which the pathway of N-glycosylation has been largely defined. Still, several components of this pathway remain to be defined, including the sulfotransferase(s) responsible for modifying the iduronic acid and glucuronic acid corresponding to the third and final sugars of the N-linked tetrasaccharide that decorates glycoproteins in this haloarchaeon. In the present report, a series of bioinformatics, genetic, biochemical, and structural approaches served to reveal how membrane-associated VNG1056C and soluble VNG1057C respectively sulfate the iduronic acid at tetrasaccharide position three and the terminal glucuronic acid, seemingly independent of each other. The need for two different enzymes reflects the sulfation of these sugars at distinct positions.