bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tribological and morphological properties of bentonite nano‐clay/CaCO3 reinforced high‐density polyethylene nanocomposites
Authors: Ahmed Tauseef , Ya Hamdan Haji , Alam Mohammad Azad , Azeem Mohammad , Khan M. Rehan , Sapuan S. M. , Yusuf Mohammad , Afridi Junaid 
Published: November 2023

AbstractElastomeric polymers such as high‐density polyethylene, have a variety of desirable features, that have supplanted traditional materials. However, high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) shows inadequate wear resistance, which limits its use for industrial applications, particularly in low‐load‐bearing applications such as flexible energy harvesting devices and sensors. The current work is engrossed in investigating the influence of hybrid reinforcements CaCO3 particles and bentonite nano clay as secondary reinforcements in high‐density polyethylene (HDPE)‐based composites on the wear and friction properties. The reinforcements were melt compounded with HDPE using a Brabender mixer and sampled using an injection molding machine. The wear test (ASTM G‐99‐04) was performed by a pin‐on‐disk tribo‐tester. In comparison to a base matrix, the synthesized hybrid composite achieved the maximum improvement in wear rate of 93%. The results revealed that there is a significant improvement in wear resistance. Morphological analysis revealed that due to the encapsulation and compatibilization effect of bentonite nano clay the hybrid composite exhibited improved wear performance. The results signify the synergistic effect of filler particles resulted in sufficient bonding for stress transfer due to the encapsulation of CaCO3 by nano clay. The wear mechanism observed optically was abrasion, fatigue, and adhesion wear that changed with the change in the weight percent of nanoparticles. Finally, the prepared composite with enhanced tribological properties such as low wear rate, low friction coefficient, and enhanced morphology can be used in low load‐bearing wear applications such as turbo nanogenerators and piezo nanogenerators.Highlights
Bentonite nano clay and CaCO3 dispersed homogeneously in HDPE matrix.
Wear resistance of HDPE increases by reinforcing particles (nano‐clay and CaCO3).
Micro‐cutting, deformations, and particle husks were the possible wear mechanism.
Encapsulation effects the hybrid composite to exhibit improved wear performance.
Visible and selective gel assembly via covalent click chemistry
Authors: Zheng Yinglin , Ke Zhihai 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study marks the birth of visible and selective click covalent assembly. It is achieved by amplifying orthogonal alkyne−azide click chemistry through interfacial multisite interactions between azide/alkyne functionalized polymer hydrogels. Macroscopic assembly of hydrogels via host−guest chemistry or noncovalent interactions such as electrostatic interactions has been reported. Unlike macroscopic supramolecular assembly, here we report visible and selective “click” covalent assembly of hydrogels at the macroscale. LEGO‐like hydrogels modified with alkyne and azide groups, respectively, can click together via the formation of covalent bonds. Monomer concentration‐dependent assembly and selective covalent assembly have been studied. Notably, macroscopic gel assembly clearly elucidates click preferences and component selectivity not observed in the solution reactions of competing monomers.
Getting LOST: A conceptual framework for supporting and enhancing spatial navigation in aging
Authors: Weisberg Steven M. , Ebner Natalie C. , Seidler Rachael D. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSpatial navigation is more difficult and effortful for older than younger individuals, a shift which occurs for a variety of neurological, physical, and cognitive reasons associated with aging. Despite a large body of evidence documenting age‐related deficits in spatial navigation, comparatively less research addresses how to facilitate more effective navigation behavior for older adults. Since navigation challenges arise for a variety of reasons in old age, a one‐size‐fits‐all solution is unlikely to work. Here, we introduce a framework for the variety of spatial navigation challenges faced in aging, which we call LOST—Location, Orientation, Spatial mapping, and Transit. The LOST framework builds on evidence from the cognitive neuroscience of spatial navigation, which reveals distinct components underpinning human wayfinding. We evaluate research on navigational aids—devices and depictions—which help people find their way around; and we reflect on how navigation aids solve (or fail to solve) specific wayfinding difficulties faced by older adults. In summary, we emphasize a bespoke approach to improving spatial navigation in aging, which focuses on tailoring navigation solutions to specific navigation challenges. Our hope is that by providing precise support to older navigators, navigation opportunities can facilitate independence and exploration, while minimizing the danger of becoming lost. We conclude by delineating critical knowledge gaps in how to improve older adults' spatial navigation capacities that the novel LOST framework could guide to address.This article is categorized under:
Psychology > Development and Aging
Neuroscience > Cognition
Neuroscience > Behavior
Hydrocephalus in prematurity: does valve choice make a difference?
Authors: Hall Benjamin J. , Ali Ahmad M.S. , Hennigan Dawn , Pettorini Benedetta 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Extremely premature neonates diagnosed with post-haemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH) are recognised to have particularly poor outcomes. This study assessed the impact of a number of variables on outcomes in this cohort, in particular the choice of shunt valve mechanism.

Methods
Electronic case notes were retrospectively reviewed of all premature neonates admitted to our centre for management of hydrocephalus between 2012 and 2021. Data included (i) gestational age, (ii) birth weight, (iii) hydrocephalus aetiology, (iv) surgical intervention, (v) shunt system, (vi) ‘surgical burden’ and (vii) wound failure and infection rate. Data was handled in Microsoft Excel and statistical analysis performed in SPSS v27.0

Results
N = 53 premature hydrocephalic patients were identified (n = 28 (52.8%) female). Median gestational age at birth was 27 weeks (range: 23–36 + 6 weeks), with n = 35 extremely preterm patients and median birth weight of 1.9 kg (range: 0.8–3.6 kg). Total n = 99 programmable valves were implanted (n = 28 (28.3%) de novo, n = 71 (71.2%) revisions); n = 28 (28.3%) underwent n ≥ 1 pressure alterations, after which n = 21 (75%) patients had symptoms improve. In n = 8 patients exchanged from fixed to programmable valves, a mean reduction of 1.9 revisions per patient after exchange was observed (95%CI: 0.36–3.39, p = 0.02). Mean overall shunt survival was 39.5 weeks (95%CI: 30.6–48.5); 33.2 weeks (95%CI: 25.2–41.1) in programmable valves and 35.1 weeks (95%CI: 19.5–50.6) in fixed pressure (p = 0.22) with 12-month survival rates of 25.7% and 24.7%, respectively (p = 0.22). Shorter de novo shunt survival was associated with higher operation count overall (Pearson’s R: − 0.54, 95%CI: − 0.72 to − 0.29, p < 0.01). Wound failure, gestational age and birth weight were significantly associated with shorter de novo shunt survival in a Cox regression proportional hazards model; gestational age had the greatest impact on shunt survival (Exp(B): 0.71, 95%CI: 0.63–0.81, p < 0.01).

Conclusion
Hydrocephalus is especially challenging in extreme prematurity, with a shorter de novo shunt survival associated with higher number of future revisions. Programmable valves provide flexibility with regard to pressure setting, with the potential for fewer shunt revisions in this complex cohort.
Master equation model for solute transport in river basins: part II basin fluvial scale
Authors: Rizzello Stefano , Vitolo Raffaele , Napoli Gaetano , De Bartolo Samuele 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAt basin scale the physical phenomenon of diffusion involves the intricate spreading and dispersion of substances within complex systems as networks of interconnected channels, streams, and land surfaces. Understanding this process is crucial for many purposes as management and conservation of water resources. We extend the model application of our previous work (Part I, Rizzello et al. in Stoch Environ Res Risk Assess 37:3807–3817, 2023) from channel to basin scale. We use conservation of mass and momentum to formulate and apply the Master Equation system at basin scale. The results on simulated events highlight the transition of the model from channel scale to basin scale.
Acceptability of the Dapivirine Vaginal Ring and Oral Truvada Among African Users in Late-Stage of Pregnancy
Authors: Montgomery Elizabeth T. , Hawley Imogen , Fairlie Lee , Bunge Katie , Mathebula Florence , Etima Juliane , Mutero Prisca , Senyama Linly , Mayo Ashley , Stoner Marie C. D. , Piper Jeanna , Balan Ivan , van der Straten Ariane 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe Microbicide Trials Network 042 study (MTN-042/DELIVER) is a two-arm, randomized, open-label Phase 3b trial that is evaluating the safety, adherence, and acceptability of the monthly ring and daily oral PrEP among HIV-uninfected pregnant people in four African countries. This analysis focuses on acceptability data captured qualitatively from a subset (n = 48) of the 150 people in the first cohort of the trial who were enrolled in late-stage pregnancy at 36 to 38 weeks gestational age and followed until after delivery. Single IDIs were conducted by trained interviewers at each clinic site using a semi-structured guide. Data excerpts of key codes pertaining to acceptability, pregnancy, and maternal health were summarized, reviewed and interpreted by multinational analyst teams. Although the product use period was relatively short, the data suggested several acceptability findings that may directly translate to longer durations of product use in pregnancy. The first was the overarching maternal sentiment that being able to protect both oneself and their baby was highly valued. The second was the importance of counseling support from providers not only because participants used methods that might generate side effects, but because pregnancy itself is a period with its own set of side effects. The third was that, similar to non-pregnant participants in other trials, here study products were generally liked and described as easy to use. Concerns about ring and oral PrEP use could be addressed with provider counseling and support and should form an essential component rollout among pregnant people.
Unwahrscheinliche Bildungskarrieren
Authors: Clark Zoë , Denysova Olexandra , Molnar Daniela 
Published: November 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Frage danach, welcher Bildungsauftrag der Heimerziehung zukommt, ist nicht leicht zu klären. Die Heimerziehung ist nicht verpflichtet, schulische Belange gegenüber anderen Bedarfen ihrer Adressat_innen zu priorisieren. Gleichzeitig hat sie den gesetzlichen Auftrag, junge Menschen bei der Entwicklung einer selbstbestimmten, eigenständigen und gemeinschaftsfähigen Persönlichkeit zu unterstützen. Fest steht damit, dass Bildungsprozesse in stationären Settings möglich sein müssen. Die im Artikel dargestellten Ergebnisse machen deutlich, dass Heimerziehung insofern (formale) Bildung fördert, als sie einen Beitrag zur Stabilisierung belastender Lebenslagen leisten und damit erfolgreiche Bildungskarrieren möglich machen kann. Deutlich wird aber auch, dass Bildung dann behindert wird, wenn organisationale Standardisierung zum Tragen kommt und diese vor individuellen Bedarfen priorisiert werden.
On Whether It Is and What It Is
Authors: Franda Francesco 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis dialogue, taking place between Prof. Whether and Prof. What, focuses on the nature of the relationship between ontology, conceived as the branch of philosophy concerned with the question of what entities exist, and metaphysics, conceived as the complementary part of philosophy that seeks to explain, of those entities, what they are. Most philosophers claim that it is not possible to address the first question without at the same time addressing the second, since knowing whether an entity exists requires knowing what that entity is. Prof. Whether argues against this popular position and offers a detailed analysis of the idea according to which it is possible to do ontology without engaging in metaphysics. Prof. Whether and Prof. What agree that, rather than being merely possible, in some cases it is, for methodological reasons, even preferable to start with a metaphysics-free ontology, postponing any inquiry concerning the nature of the entities included in the ontological inventory to a later stage. However, Prof. What notes that it is not always possible to do ontology without metaphysics, because there are certain kinds of entities, such as universals and possible worlds, that necessarily need a prior metaphysical characterization.
Renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Spiegelberg Jasmin 
Published: November 2023

SummaryKidney cancer accounts for 5% and 3% of all adult malignancies in men and women. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for approximately 80% of all kidney cancer.
This year’s American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Annual Meeting was held from 2–6 June 2023, in Chicago, USA. Combination therapies for advanced RCC continue to be of interest at ASCO 2023, with the presentation of updated results from some ongoing studies. There were several studies presented at ASCO looking at treatments for non clear renal cell carcinoma. Immunotherapy- based therapy regimes are now the gold standard for rare histological subtypes of RCC.
The role of community energy systems to facilitate energy transitions in Ethiopia and Mozambique
Authors: Gebreslassie Mulualem G. , Cuvilas Carlos 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPolicymakers and academics are focusing on energy transition to provide affordable, sustainable, and green energy for everyone. This is being driven by a combination of the lack of electricity access to millions of people particularly in the African continent and the requirement for the reduction of environmental impact through the use of greener energy resources and systems. This paper summarizes an interdisciplinary research program investigating community energy systems in Ethiopia and Mozambique to facilitate energy transitions. Specifically, it compares community energy landscapes, progress made, and existing challenges and opportunities. To determine the status of community energy development in the two countries, recent publications and official policies were reviewed, and community energy managers were interviewed. The review showed that renewable energy sources are the dominant focus for community energy developments, which is key to achieving a cleaner energy future. However, progress in community energy development has been slow in these countries. There are several reasons that hinder community energy systems from driving the necessary energy transition to a cleaner, modern, and affordable energy. Some of these reasons are the absence of favorable regulatory frameworks, incentive package, knowledge on business models, weak commitments from stakeholders, and insufficient community involvement. These issues vary in degree between the two countries.
A framework for software vendor selection by applying Inconsistency and Conflict Removal (ICR) method
Authors: Rani Anshul , Mishra Deepti , Omerovic Aida 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn a software ecosystem, companies’ stakeholders make various decisions and perform various tasks to ensure the strategic and architectural goals of the company. Analyzing vendor capabilities and making decisions to select software vendors requires expert professionals. To analyze vendors’ capabilities and accessing them according to the company’s strategic and architectural goals is presently an ad-hoc and manual process. Presently, there is no systematic process for ‘vendor analysis and selection’ specifically for the software industry. Therefore, this study introduces a novel framework which elaborates all the tasks required for vendor proposal evaluation. It also includes the automatic detection of inconsistencies and conflicts prevalent during this process. A new method called ‘Inconsistency and Conflict Removal (ICR)’ is proposed as part of this framework. ICR automates the process of spotting inconsistencies and conflicts by taking scores of vendor capabilities as input reported by different decision-makers. Further, to illustrate this framework, ‘a case of Hospital’ has been considered. This study provides valuable knowledge that would facilitate organizations in software vendor selection. It will lead to substantial savings in terms of economics, such as actual costs, time, and improved administrative processes.
Experimental investigation of performance and soot emissions of oxygenated fuel blends in a small aero engine
Authors: Rabl Alexander , Mull Christopher , Härtl Martin , Helcig Christian , Gümmer Volker 
Published: November 2023

AbstractRecent studies show that mixing jet fuel with oxygenated fuels has an impact on exhaust gas soot formation. Soot particles are an environmental hazard with an impact on air quality around airports, and possibly influencing ice crystal nucleation, leading to contrail and ice cloud (cirrus) formation. These ice clouds significantly warm up the atmosphere by reflecting heat radiation back to Earth and, at the same time, being transparent to incoming sunlight. Many investigations concentrate on reducing aviation’s CO2 footprint, but only a few account for reducing soot emissions in aero engines. This study examines the potential of blending Jet A-1 with oxygenated fuels to decrease soot particle formation in aero engines. For this, blends with 5 vol% and 20 vol% of ethanol, and 5 vol% of a polyoxymethylene dimethyl ether 3–5 mix (OME3-5 mix) are investigated in an Allison 250-C20B turboshaft engine with the help of a condensation particle counter (CPC). The results show tendencies in soot particle reduction, which, in most cases, is larger than the volumetric percentage of the oxygenated fuel within the blend.
Assessing Global Landslide Casualty Risk Under Moderate Climate Change Based on Multiple GCM Projections
Authors: Wang Xia , Wang Ying , Lin Qigen , Yang Xudong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractExtreme precipitation-induced landslide events are projected to increase under climate change, which poses a serious threat to human lives and property. In this study, a global-scale landslide risk assessment model was established using global landslide data, by considering landslide hazard, exposure, and vulnerability. The global climate model data were then employed to drive the established global landslide risk model to explore the spatial and temporal variations in future landslide risk across the globe as a result of extreme precipitation changes. The results show that compared to the 30-year period from 1971 to 2000, the average annual frequency of landslides triggered by extreme precipitation is projected to increase by 7% and 10%, respectively, in the future 30-year periods of 2031–2060 and 2066–2095. The global average annual casualty risk of landslides is projected to increase from about 3240 to 7670 and 8380, respectively (with growth rates of 140% and 160%), during the 2031–2060 and 2066–2095 periods under the SSP2-4.5 scenario. The top 10 countries with the highest casualty risk of landslides are China, Afghanistan, India, the Philippines, Indonesia, Rwanda, Turkey, Nepal, Guatemala, and Brazil, 60% of which are located in Asia. The frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation will increase under climate change, which will lead to an increase in casualties from landslides in mountainous areas globally, and this risk should be taken seriously. The present study was an attempt to investigate and quantify the impact of global landslide casualty risk under climate change, which still has uncertainty in terms of outcomes, and there remains a need for further understanding in the future of the propagation of uncertainty between the factors that affect the risk.
Exploring Urban–Rural Paradox: Does Going Rural Mean Higher Life Satisfaction?
Authors: Biagi Bianca , Meleddu Marta 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA stylised fact in regional and urban studies of life satisfaction in developed countries is that people living in cities report being less satisfied than those in rural areas. Building upon the theoretical framework of Sen’s capability approach, along with research on life satisfaction and amenities, this paper examines the role of amenity availability and accessibility, as well as social relations, in shaping life satisfaction. Using data from the 2013–2018 household survey conducted by the National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT) in Italian regions at the NUTS2 level, this study explores the role of availability and accessibility of amenities and social relations on urban–rural life satisfaction. Results suggest that the likelihood of having higher life satisfaction is associated with living in wealthier rural places where higher-ranked cities exert accessibility and positive externalities in line with the borrowed size concept by Alonso (Daedalus 102(4):191–206, 1973).
Practically Feasible Sensor-Embedded Kinetic Assessment Piano System for Quantifying Striking Force of Digits During Piano Playing
Authors: Lai Kuan-Yin , Hsu Chieh-Hsiang , Lin Yu-Chen , Tsai Chung-Hung , Lin Cheng-Feng , Kuo Li-Chieh , Su Fong-Chin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Understanding the pathogenesis of playing-related hand disorders through investigations based on coordination and biomechanical perspectives is indispensable. This study aimed to establish a sensor-embedded kinetic assessment piano system (SeKAPS) and conduct reliability and validity tests for this system. In addition, the differences in digit coordination between professional pianists and non-musicians were investigated.

Methods
Twelve subminiature load cells were embedded in the middle of the 12 corresponding keys of an upright piano. A customized calibrated system with a load cell was used to establish the criterion-related validity of the SeKAPS. The reliability of the SeKAPS was determined by 22 volunteer pianists. The other ten professional pianists and ten non-musicians were recruited to indicate the feasibility of the SeKAPS to distinguish the performing differences between groups.

Results
The R2 values of regression analyses for the load cells were 0.993–0.999 (p < 0.001), indicating high validity. The ICC values of the modified keys were 0.82–0.93, indicating high reliability. The results indicate that SeKAPS is accurate in detecting the striking force of digits during piano playing. Significant differences existed in the mean peak force and mean CVs of the peak force of the specific digits between the two groups. The results showed differences in finger control strategies between the pianists and non-musicians.

Conclusion
The SeKAPS may provide a valuable assessment for assisting pianists in understanding digit force control and movement strategies to achieve efficient digit coordination.