bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
XX century: the history of medicine in quest of itself
Authors: Berger E. Е. 
Published: January 2025

The history of medicine as a separate discipline was created by doctors. In the 19th century, scientific medicine broke away from its past, and Hippocrates, Avicenna, Harvey became history, rather than foundation. The history of medicine continued to be a necessary part of medical education, helping young doctors to identify themselves in the profession, showing whom they can and should look up to in it. In the 20th century, doctors were no strangers to the humanities, but also showed excellent examples of work in the field.At the same time, in the 20th century, the prevailing opinion was that objective, systematic historical analysis of medicine history was brought by professional historians. However, those who contrast "amateur" medical historians with "professional" historians who create methodologically complex studies greatly simplify the problem. The most interesting works appear at the intersection of different disciplines.The most interesting studies of recent years have been carried out by a team of authors of different specialties. They are the ones who can bring our science to a new stage of development.
Problems associated with psychological barriers in general professional training of future doctors
Authors: Zhakupova Ya. T. , Shumakova O. A. , Chulkov V. S. , Serebryakova E. N. , Shumakov V. A. 
Published: January 2025

Aim. To identify psychological barriers in general professional training of doctors, expressed in mental state changes and its relationship with mastery of the disciplines of general professional training.Material and methods. A total of 189 student volunteers from the South Ural State Medical University aged 18 to 22 years (men 58; women, 131) participated in the study. The experimental groups (EG) consisted of the first (EG-1), third (EG-2), and sixth (EG-3) year pediatric students. To study the mental state of students, the following psychodiagnostic methods were used: the Beck Depression Inventory, the SpielbergerHanin anxiety test, Heck and Hess rapid neurosis diagnosis. The determination of individual characterological features was carried out using the character accentuation method by G. Schmishek. Statistical analysis was carried out using the Mann-Whitney U-test, correlation analysis (Spearman rank correlation coefficient).Results. During the study at a medical university, students experience changes in their individual and personal mental characteristics, which are qualitatively transformed into psychological barriers to general professional training and mastery of general professional competencies. The most "dangerous" indicator, influencing both personal well-being (mental health) and the success of general professional training of future doctors, is the predisposition of students to neurotic disorders. It increases towards the end of study at the university, which is associated with the increasing level of difficulty of the educational material, the crisis of self-identification, and problems in forming a professional orientation of a personality, and personally significant issues in employment and admission to residency.Conclusion. There are following means of psychoprophylaxis of stress and neurotic disorders in students of medical universities: early diagnostics of neurotic disorders, psychological training on human mental health, destructive pathologies; motivation aimed at overcoming neurotic forms of response, in conditions of cooperation and mutual understanding between teachers and students; formation of mental selfregulation skills, development of a sense of humor through educational work.
Dynamics of management of monogenic epilepsies, developmental and epileptic encephalopathies in routine clinical practice
Authors: Rakhmanina О. A. , Volkov I. V. , Tomenko Т. R. , Shestakova O. I. , Volkova О. К. 
Published: January 2025

Background. There is no doubt that genetic testing should be one of the main studies in modern clinical diagnosis of epileptic syndromes.Aim. To describe and compare the spectrum of detected gene mutations in patients with epilepsy and developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEE) over the last 3 years of clinical practice of neurologists-epileptologists, including: analysis of diagnosed epileptic syndromes, timing of etiological diagnosis, treatment options and effectiveness.Materials and methods. A multicenter retrospective study including patients of any age and gender with epilepsy or DEE (with the obligatory presence of epileptic seizures) and verified gene mutations. The analysis was carried out as of 2020 and 2023. Over a three-year period, the number of data received in the study increased and amounted to 100 and 205 patients, respectively, 87–90 % of whom were children under 18 years of age.Results and discussion. Over a three-year period, the number of genes with mutations increased from 67 to 98 variants. The clear leader remains mutations in the SCN1A gene. In practice, the number of referrals for whole exome sequencing has doubled from 9 to 18.6 % and the proportion of patients with mutation confirmation by Sanger sequencing has doubled from 32 % to 50.7 %. Up to 68 % of patients with a confirmed gene mutation are patients with one or another variant of DEE. Approaches to therapy with antiepileptic drugs have not undergone significant changes. but the volume of alternative methods decreased slightly from 52 to 45 %, with an emerging trend toward an increase in the effectiveness of therapy (an increase in the percentage of patients with no seizures from 46 to 54 %).Conclusion. Analytical processing and expansion of experience in the etiological diagnosis of monogenic epilepsies and DEE is reflected in a more targeted selection and effectiveness of therapy for this category of patients.
Modulations of circadian blood pressure rhythm in the COVID-19 risk model in individuals with arterial hypertension under Arctic watch conditions
Authors: Shurkevich N. P. , Vetoshkin A. S. , Kareva M. A. 
Published: January 2025

Objective. To study the characteristics of the daily rhythm and chronostructure of blood pressure (BP) in relation to viral infection and to determine the factors influencing the risk of COVID-19 in men (M) with arterial hypertension (HTN) during rotational shift work in the Arctic. Design and methods. In the Yamburg settlement, 166 M with HTN were randomly selected from the database of physical examinations of the medical unit of gazprom dobycha Yamburg LLC. They underwent 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) and echocardiography in the “pre-C OVID” period (2019 — March 2020), after which M were divided into groups with COVID-19 (n = 94) and those without (n = 72), comparable in age and northern experience. The diagnosis of COVID-19 was based on the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA by polymerase chain reaction method. ABPM was performed using a standard method with determination of BP chronotypes according to the classification of Cugini P. Results. According to ABPM data in the “pre-C OVID” period, men with HTN who subsequently recovered from COVID-19 had higher average daily diastolic BP, night heart rate readings, night systolic BP, night diastolic BP and night systolic BP time index; the BP chronotype was characterized by a lower frequency of 24-hour rhythms and aperiodic HTN with high-frequency rhythms in the spectrum was significantly more frequent; a significant increase in left ventricular myocardial mass and left ventricular myocardial mass index was found. According to the logistic regression data, the presence of an aperiodic chronotype of HTN in M increased the risk of COVID-19 by 3 times (95 % confidence interval (CI): 1,410– 6,035, p = 0,004); an increase in left ventricular myocardial mass index by 1 g/m2 — by 1,02 times (95 % CI: 1,001–1,033, p = 0,039). The specificity of the model was 81 %, sensitivity 77,2 %. The area under the curve was 0,888 (0,837–0,939, p < 0,0001). Conclusions. In conditions of desynchronizing factors of the Arctic watch in M with HTN, the replacement of the daily BP rhythm by predominant high-frequency periods is associated with the risk of COVID-19 infection.
The TB27 Transcriptomic Model for Predicting Mycobacterium tuberculosis Culture Conversion
Authors: Reimann Maja , Avsar Korkut , DiNardo Andrew , Goldmann Torsten , Günther Gunar , Hoelscher Michael , Ibraim Elmira , Kalsdorf Barbara , Kaufmann Stefan , Köhler Niklas , Mandalakas Anna , Maurer Florian , Müller Marius , Nitschkowski Dörte , Olaru Ioana , Popa Cristina , Rachow Andrea , Rolling Thierry , Salzer Helmut , Sanchez-Carballo Patricia , Schuhmann Maren , Schaub Dagmar , Spinu Victor , Terhalle Elena , Unnewehr Markus , Zielinski Nika , Heyckendorf Jan , Lange Christoph 
Published: January 2025

Rationale: Treatment monitoring of tuberculosis patients is complicated by a slow growth rate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Recently, host RNA signatures have been used to monitor the response to tuberculosis treatment.
Objective: Identifying and validating a whole blood-based RNA signature model to predict microbiological treatment responses in patients on tuberculosis therapy.
Methods: Using a multi-step machine learning algorithm to identify an RNA-based algorithm to predict the remaining time to culture conversion at flexible time points during anti-tuberculosis therapy.
Results: The identification cohort included 149 patients split into a training and a test cohort, to develop a multistep algorithm consisting of 27 genes (TB27) for predicting the remaining time to culture conversion (TCC) at any given time. In the test dataset, predicted TCC and observed TCC achieved a correlation coefficient of r=0.98. An external validation cohort of 34 patients shows a correlation between predicted and observed days to TCC also of r=0.98.
Conclusion: We identified and validated a whole blood-based RNA signature (TB27) that demonstrates an excellent agreement between predicted and observed times to M. tuberculosis culture conversion during tuberculosis therapy. TB27 is a potential useful biomarker for anti-tuberculosis drug development and for prediction of treatment responses in clinical practice.
Figurative Attention: EEG-Based Assessment Using Ambiguous Stimuli
Authors: Pisarchik Alexander , Vega Walter Escalante Puente de la , Paredes Ricardo Imbert , Mora Elena Villalba 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Figurative attention is a captivating cognitive process that involves maintaining sustained focus on a preferred interpretation of an ambiguous stimulus. This process entails voluntary attention and is directly related to perceptual bistability. Quantifying figurative attention reveals an individual's ability to interpret ambiguous information, thereby influencing creative thinking and decision-making. Understanding figurative attention can enhance our comprehension of how different people perceive and interpret multiple real-world scenarios. To study figurative attention, we employ a method wherein the pixels of two faces of the Necker cube are simultaneously flickered at distinct frequencies, resulting in the appearance of the corresponding spectral components at these frequencies (tags) in the Fourier spectra of obtained electroencephalography (EEG) recordings. The observed tags serve as neural markers associated with figurative attention. To quantify figurative attention, we propose two criteria based on the relative differences between spectral magnitudes at the flicker frequencies for samples corresponding to voluntary and involuntary attention. Additionally, we introduce the attention performance index, which classifies participants according to their capacity to sustain figurative attention. Furthermore, we demonstrate that assessing figurative attention can be achieved using only three EEG channels in the occipital cortex. This small number of channels is highly beneficial for the development of real-time brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) for visual attention control, presenting an attractive direction for future research. The proposed methodology holds significant promise for various applications, including medical contexts. For instance, measuring attention can aid in the early diagnosis of quantification of attention deficit disorder, providing valuable information for developing intervention and treatment strategies.
A Lung CT Foundation Model Facilitating Disease Diagnosis and Medical Imaging
Authors: Guo Yuchen , Gao Zebin , Zhang Guoxun , Liang Hengrui , Liu Jiaxin , Ma Liangdi , Wang Tianyun , Guo Yanchen , Chen Yujia , Zeping Yan , Chen Xiangru , He Jianxing , Xu Feng , Wong Tien Yin , Dai Qionghai 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

The concomitant development and evolution of lung computed tomography (CT) and artificial intelligence (AI) has allowed non-invasive lung imaging to be a key part of the clinical care of patients with major diseases, such as lung cancer. However, the paucity of labeled lung CT data has limited the training highly efficacious AI models and thereby has retarded broad-scale adoption and deployment of AI-based lung CT imaging in the real-world clinical setting. In this paper, We introduce LCTfound, a foundational model that encodes images along with correlated clinical information, into a neural network. LCTfound used self-supervised learning pre-trained by diffusion models using a large dataset containing 105,184 lung CT scans (totaling more than 28 million images) from multiple centers. LCTfound was evaluated on 8 categories of lung CT tasks, ranging from scanning-level clinical diagnosis to pixel-level image restoration, including segmentation of mediastinal neoplasm, diagnosis of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer, prediction of major pathological response to neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy, whole lung 3D modeling for surgical navigation, virtual lung computed tomography angiography(CTA), reconstruction of lung CT from sparse views, and enhancement of low-dose CT images. Equipped with the robust few-shot learning capability, LCTfound outperformed the previously state-of-the-art pre-trained models in all the above tasks. LCTfound is a major advancements in self-supervised representation learning on lung CT, laying the groundwork for a foundational model that operates with high efficacy across the spectrum of low-level and high-level clinical tasks and serving a dual purpose in aiding in clinical diagnosis of lung diseases and improving the quality of lung CT imaging
Identification and seasonal abundance of web- and air-borne sex pheromone components of western black widow spiders, Latrodectus hesperus
Authors: Fischer Andreas , Fischer Alexandra J. , Gries Regine , Hung Emmanuel , Lau Kelvin , Monfared Aryan , Gries Gerhard 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Sex pheromones mediate mate location in many animal taxa. Widow spider males are attracted to sex pheromones disseminating from female webs. Upon arrival on a web, males court in response to web-borne contact pheromone components. N-3-Methylbutanoyl-O-methylpropanoyl-L-serine methyl ester (1) is the single known, weakly effective, contact pheromone component of female western black widows, Latrodectus hesperus. Moreover, the seasonal periodicity of pheromone signalling by female spiders is unknown. We tested the hypotheses that female L. hesperus (1) deposit multiple contact pheromone components on their web that transition to mate-attractant pheromone components, and (2) increase pheromone signalling during the primary mating season. Analyses of web extract by gas and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS; LC-MS) revealed N-3-methylbutanoyl-O-methylpropanoyl-L-serine (7), the corresponding acid of 1. Web extract of unmated female L. hesperus, and the synthetic blend of 1 and 7, were equally effective in eliciting courtship by males but web extract induced more sustained courtship. Tested singly, 7 prompted longer courtship behaviour by males than 1. Synthetic isobutyric acid (10), the hydrolysis product of 1 and 7, attracted male spiders in a field experiment. The abundance of 1 and 7 on female webs, and the dissemination of10 from webs, peaked during the summer when males are most abundant, indicating strategic sexual signalling by female spiders.
Freshwater ponds create highly dynamic Arctic tundra landscapes
Authors: Assmann Jakob , Akandil Cengiz , Plekhanova Elena , Moigne Alizée Le , Karsanaev Sergey , Maximov Trofim , Schaepman-Strub Gabriela 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Greenhouse gas emissions from Arctic tundra ponds and permafrost thaw provide important positive feedbacks to global warming. However, a high landscape heterogeneity and small size of ponds make it challenging to assess trends in surface water extent and associated carbon and energy fluxes, especially in the understudied Eastern Siberian tundra. Here, we show that surface water extent in these landscapes can be highly dynamic, shaped by pond-scale processes that cannot be detected in satellite products. Using a time-series of aerial imagery at 12 cm resolution spanning eight years (2014–2021), we classified surface water at three sites in Kytalyk National Park and traced the 465 ponds larger than 1 m2. The surface water extent varied between 102%-124% relative to the time-series mean, without significant trends in contrast to previous reports. Individual pond area fluctuated by 52% on average, and two thirds of ponds were present for less than six years. One-quarter of ponds showed evidence for thermokarst or vegetation colonisation as drivers of change, based on our high-resolution surface elevation models. These findings highlight a highly dynamic nature of tundra ponds and stress the need for improved change detection to better model carbon and energy fluxes in this biome. Main Text
A pipeline to unravel complexity in human peripheral blood B cell subsets through multiomic cellular indexing of transcriptomes and epitopes by sequencing (CITE-seq) analyses
Authors: Meinhardt Nathan , Veltri Anthony J. , Gurski Cody , Valenti Sophia M. , Dittel Bonnie N. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Classifying heterogeneous human B cells into discrete subsets based on surface phenotype alone remains a major challenge. We discovered a mouse splenic IgM+IgDlow/− B cell subset (BDL) that induces proliferation of CD4+Foxp3+ T regulatory cells, making them a therapeutic target for autoimmunity. Because they are rare and lack sufficient cell surface markers, a multiomic strategy is required to identify and track them in humans. The lack of correlation between mRNA expression levels and cell surface expression is a drawback to a transcriptome-only single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) approach because ‘novel’ cell populations identified by surface protein transcripts may prove impossible to validate. To that end a pipeline was developed using human peripheral blood (PB) IgM+IgDlow/− B cells as a surrogate. First, a standardized flow cytometry gating scheme (CD27 versus IgD and CD24 versus CD38) that captures all major human PB B cell subsets was utilized. Second, CD19+IgM+IgDlow/− PB B cells were tagged with the four markers using cellular indexing of transcriptomes and epitopes by sequencing. Biaxial plots similar to flow cytometry were used to identify naïve, immature, and memory B cells, and then confirmed with scRNA-seq. These studies using a multiomic workflow allowed the identification of IgM+IgDlow/− B cell subsets by cell surface expression that could subsequently be analyzed for unique transcriptional profiles.
Embedding high-resolution touch across robotic hands enables adaptive human-like grasping
Authors: Zhu Yixin , Zhao Zihang , Li Wanlin , Li Yuyang , Liu Tengyu , Li Boren , Wang Meng , Du Kai , Liu Hangxin , Wang Qining , Althoefer Kaspar , Zhu Song-Chun 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Developing robotic hands that adapt to real-world dynamics remains a fundamental challenge in robotics and machine intelligence. Despite significant advances in replicating human hand kinematics and control algorithms, robotic systems still struggle to match human capabilities in dynamic environments, primarily due to inadequate tactile feedback. To bridge this gap, we present F-TAC Hand, a biomimetic hand featuring high-resolution tactile sensing (0.1mm spatial resolution) across 70% of its surface area. Through optimized hand design, we overcome traditional challenges in integrating high-resolution tactile sensors while preserving the full range of motion. The hand, powered by our generative algorithm that synthesizes human-like hand configurations, demonstrates robust grasping capabilities in dynamic real-world conditions. Extensive evaluation across 600 real-world trials demonstrates that this tactile-embodied system significantly outperforms non-tactile alternatives in complex manipulation tasks (p<0.0001). These results provide empirical evidence for the critical role of rich tactile embodiment in developing advanced robotic intelligence, offering new perspectives on the relationship between physical sensing capabilities and intelligent behavior.
Harnessing Machine Learning to Predict Time-Sensitive Conditions in Prehospital Care: The Impact of Response Times in Patients with Breathing Problems
Authors: Hill Peter , Jonsson Daniel , Lederman Jakob , Bolin Peter , Vicente Veronica 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background:
Shorter response times in prehospital care are often linked to better outcomes, especially for patients presenting with breathing problems—a group that frequently faces life-threatening conditions if not treated promptly. However, the ways in which response time interacts with patient characteristics (like age and sex) remain less clear. This study uses machine learning to examine how response time, age, and sex influence the likelihood of high-risk time-sensitive conditions (HRTS) in patients initially assessed for breathing difficulties by the Emergency Medical Call Centre (EMCC)
Methods:
A retrospective analysis of 132,395 Emergency Medical Services (EMS) missions in Stockholm, Sweden (2017–2022) was conducted. Development of a gradient boosting model, a type of machine learning method that can handle complex, nonlinear relationships, to predict HRTS in patients initially assessed for breathing difficulties by EMCC was conducted. The focus is on the effect of response time—the interval between the emergency call and the EMS team’s arrival—alongside patient age and sex. Model performance was evaluated using Youden’s Index and misclassification rates, and interpretation of the model was facilitated through partial dependence (PD) and individual conditional expectation (ICE) plots.
Results:
The gradient boosting model performed best among several tested methods, achieving a Youden’s Index of 0.2411. Age, response time, and sex were the most important predictors of HRTS. Shorter response times tended to be associated with higher chances of HRTS, likely reflecting proper prioritization. Nonlinear patterns emerged with longer response times, especially in patients over 60 years old, suggesting potential gaps in how patients are initially triaged. Male patients across all age groups showed a higher probability of HRTS compared to females.
Conclusions:
Incorporating predictive modelling into EMCC workflows—especially by considering age and sex—could improve the accuracy of initial prioritization and potentially enhance outcomes for patients with breathing problems. By better aligning EMS response times with actual patient risk, healthcare systems may optimize resource allocation, improve patient safety, and reduce the impact of prolonged response times.