bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Finding an ideal site for intraosseous infusion of the tibia: An anatomical study
Authors: Boon J.M. , Gorry D.L.A. , Meiring J.H. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractIntraosseous infusion is a technique used for the administration of fluids to a hemodynamically shocked child in whom attempts to access the vascular system have been unsuccessful. Although few complications are seen, injury to the epiphyseal growth plate during the performance of this technique remains a serious problem. This study investigates the relationship between the site of insertion of the intraosseous needle and the epiphyseal growth plate, and the ease of needle insertion into various locations of the tibia in newborn infants. Fourteen newborn infant cadavers (28 tibias in total) were dissected after placement of four needles: 1) through the tibial tuberosity (Site A); 2) 10 mm distal to the tibial tuberosity (Site B); 3) 20 mm distal to the tibial tuberosity (Site C) and; 4) 10 mm proximal to the tibial tuberosity (Site D). Distances from the distal end of the epiphyseal growth plate were measured. A high number of needle placements at Site A were inserted into the epiphyseal growth plate. Most placements at Site B were between 10 and 16 mm from the epiphyseal growth plate on the right side and between 10 and 15 mm on the left side, and all were inserted without difficulty. Although far from the epiphyseal growth plate, most placements at Site C were very difficult to insert because of the thick cortical bone. All placements at Site D entered the epiphysis or the epiphysis and joint space of the knee. An insertion site of at least 10 mm distal to the tibial tuberosity is therefore recommended to avoid epiphyseal growth plate injury and ensure ease of insertion. Clin. Anat. 16:15–18, 2003. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Eye movements and attention for behavioural animation
Authors: Gillies M. F. P. , Dodgson N. A. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThis paper describes a simulation of attention behaviour aimed at computer‐animated characters. Attention is the focusing of a person's perception on a particular object. This is useful for computer animation as it determines which objects the character is aware of: information that can be used in the simulation of the character's behaviour in order to automatically animate the character. The simulation of attention also determines where the character is looking and so is used to produce gaze behaviour. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Attitudes of Japanese Physicians Toward Terminal Dehydration: A Nationwide Survey
Authors: Morita Tatsuya , Shima Yasuo , Adachi Isamu 
Published: December 2002

PURPOSE: To clarify physician attitudes toward terminal dehydration and identify the physician-related factors contributing to their attitudes. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey of Japanese physicians with a self-reported questionnaire was used. RESULTS: A total of 584 responses were analyzed (response rate, 53%). In the vignette of a gastric cancer patient with an estimated survival of 1 month and almost impossible oral intake due to intestinal obstruction, 50% chose intravenous hydration of 1,000 mL/d, while 24% selected more than 1,500 mL/d. For a lung cancer patient with cachexia, 58% chose 1,000 mL/d, while 26% selected no hydration or 500 mL. Multivariate analyses revealed that the physicians with more positive attitudes toward intravenous hydration were significantly less involved in end-of-life care, more likely to regard the physiologic requirement of fluid and nutrition as important in initiating intravenous hydration, more likely to believe that intravenous hydration is effective for symptom palliation, and more likely to believe that intravenous hydration is the minimum standard of care. CONCLUSION: Physicians have considerably divergent attitudes toward intravenous hydration for terminally ill cancer patients. To resolve the discrepancy, the priority in hydration research should be to clarify the appropriate physiologic requirements of fluid and nutrition in dying patients, the effects of intravenous hydration on patient symptoms, and the reasons why physicians consider intravenous hydration to be the minimum standard of care.
Anomalous flexor of the little finger
Authors: Kobayashi N. , Saito S. , Wakisaka H. , Matsuda S. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractWe report an anomalous palmar muscle belly of the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle (FDS) in the right hand of an 80‐year‐old female cadaver. The muscle originated from the center of the volar surface of the flexor retinaculum and inserted onto the palmar aspect of the base of the middle phalanx of the little finger. Its tendon of insertion divided into two bands, a pattern typical of the FDS tendon, between which the tendon of flexor digitorum profundus muscle to the little finger passed. The tendon of the usual antebrachial FDS to the little finger was absent. The anomalous muscle belly was innervated by a branch from the median nerve. Clin. Anat. 16:40–43, 2003. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Vascularity and neuroreceptors of the pes anserinus: Anatomic Study
Authors: Zaffagnini S. , Golanò P. , Farinas O. , Depasquale V. , Strocchi R. , Cortecchia S. , Marcacci M. , Visani A. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThe primary aim of this work was to evaluate the neurovascular network of the pes anserinus (PA) at its tibial insertion because the PA is often used for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Four fresh cadaver knees were injected with India ink gelatin solution and the arteries that supply blood to the PA were identified; microscopic studies of vessels and nerve fibers were also performed. Superficial and deep branches of the inferior medial genicular artery contribute to an arterial arch that courses deep to the PA insertion. A widespread array of small vessels and nerve fibers penetrate the PA insertion and course along the length of the gracilis and semitendinosus tendons. Computer analysis revealed that the mean diameter of the vessels decreased from 2,201 μm at the insertion to 661 μm midway along the length of the tendon (mean tendon length = 17 cm; range = 13–21 cm); the cross‐sectional area of the vessels per histologic section decreased from 336.37–137.05 μm2. This study demonstrates that the PA insertion is well vascularized and richly innervated and that these morphological features continue along the length of the tendons. Clin. Anat. 16:19–24, 2003. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An approximation algorithm for optimal consumption/investment problems
Authors: Das Sanjiv Ranjan , Sundaram Rangarajan K. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThis article develops a simple approach to solving continuous‐time portfolio choice problems. Portfolio problems for which no closed‐form solutions are available may be handled by this technique, which substitutes the numerical solution of partial differential equations with a non‐linear numerical algorithm approximating the solution. This paper complements the wide literature in economics on the solution of dynamic problems in discrete time using projection methods. Our approach extends the approximation function to power forms, which are shown to fit finance type problems well. The algorithm is parsimonious, and is first illustrated by solving two basic examples, first, the standard Merton problem, and second, a jump‐diffusion problem. Then, we demonstrate that the model is easy to implement on a larger scale, by optimizing a portfolio of six stock indexes, and stochastic volatility driven by two correlated state variables. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Historical changes in lake ice‐out dates as indicators of climate change in New England, 1850–2000
Authors: Hodgkins Glenn A. , James Ivan C. , Huntington Thomas G. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractVarious studies have shown that changes over time in spring ice‐out dates can be used as indicators of climate change. Ice‐out dates from 29 lakes in New England (USA) with 64 to 163 years of record were assembled and analysed for this study. Ice‐out dates have become significantly earlier in New England since the 1800s. Changes in ice‐out dates between 1850 and 2000 were 9 days and 16 days in the northern/mountainous and southern regions of New England respectively. The changes in the ice‐out data over time were very consistent within each of the two regions of New England, and more consistent than four air‐temperature records in each region. The ice‐out dates of the two regions had a different response to changes in air temperature. The inferred late winter–early spring air‐temperature warming in both regions of New England since 1850, based on linear regression analysis, was about 1.5°C. Published in 2002 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genetic and environmental influences on human psychological differences
Authors: Bouchard Thomas J. , McGue Matt 
Published: December 2002

AbstractPsychological researchers typically distinguish five major domains of individual differences in human behavior: cognitive abilities, personality, social attitudes, psychological interests, and psychopathology (Lubinski, 2000). In this article we: discuss a number of methodological errors commonly found in research on human individual differences; introduce a broad framework for interpreting findings from contemporary behavioral genetic studies; briefly outline the basic quantitative methods used in human behavioral genetic research; review the major criticisms of behavior genetic designs, with particular emphasis on the twin and adoption methods; describe the major or dominant theoretical scheme in each domain; and review behavioral genetic findings in all five domains. We conclude that there is now strong evidence that virtually all individual psychological differences, when reliably measured, are moderately to substantially heritable. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol 54: 4–45, 2003
Phage‐display and correlated mutations identify an essential region of subdomain 1C involved in homodimerization of Escherichia coli FtsA
Authors: Carettoni Daniele , Gómez‐Puertas Paulino , Yim Lucía , Mingorance Jesús , Massidda Orietta , Vicente Miguel , Valencia Alfonso , Domenici Enrico , Anderluzzi Daniela 
Published: December 2002

AbstractFtsA plays an essential role in Escherichia coli cell division and is nearly ubiquitous in eubacteria. Several evidences postulated the ability of FtsA to interact with other septation proteins and with itself. To investigate these binding properties, we screened a phage‐display library with FtsA. The isolated peptides defined a degenerate consensus sequence, which in turn displayed a striking similarity with residues 126–133 of FtsA itself. This result suggested that residues 126–133 were involved in homodimerization of FtsA. The hypothesis was supported by the analysis of correlated mutations, which identified a mutual relationship between a group of amino acids encompassing the ATP‐binding site and a set of residues immediately downstream to amino acids 126–133. This information was used to assemble a model of a FtsA homodimer, whose accuracy was confirmed by probing multiple alternative docking solutions. Moreover, a prediction of residues responsible for protein‐protein interaction validated the proposed model and confirmed once more the importance of residues 126–133 for homodimerization. To functionally characterize this region, we introduced a deletion in ftsA, where residues 126–133 were skipped. This mutant failed to complement conditional lethal alleles of ftsA, demonstrating that amino acids 126–133 play an essential role in E. coli. Proteins 2003;50:192–206. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Predictive crystallization of ribonuclease A via rapid screening of osmotic second virial coefficients
Authors: Tessier Peter M. , Johnson Harvey R. , Pazhianur Rajesh , Berger Bryan W. , Prentice Jessica L. , Bahnson Brian J. , Sandler Stanley I. , Lenhoff Abraham M. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractImportant progress has been made in recent years toward developing a molecular‐level understanding of protein phase behavior in terms of the osmotic second virial coefficient, a thermodynamic parameter that characterizes pairwise protein interactions. Yet there has been little practical application of this knowledge to the field of protein crystallization, largely because of the difficult and time‐consuming nature of traditional techniques for characterizing protein interactions. Self‐interaction chromatography has recently been proposed as a highly efficient method for measuring the osmotic second virial coefficient. The utility of the technique is examined in this work by characterizing virial coefficients for ribonuclease A under 59 solution conditions using several crystallization additives, including PEG, sodium chloride, ammonium sulfate, and propanol. The virial coefficient measurements show some counterintuitive trends and shed light on the previous difficulties in crystallizing ribonuclease A. Crystallization experiments at the corresponding solution conditions were conducted by using ultracentrifugal crystallization. Using this methodology, ribonuclease A crystals were obtained under conditions for which the virial coefficients fell within the “crystallization slot.” Crystallographic characterization showed that the crystals diffract to high resolution. Metastable crystals were also obtained for conditions outside, but near, the “crystallization slot,” and they could also be frozen and used to collect structural information. Proteins 2003;50:303–311. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The HI0073/HI0074 protein pair from Haemophilus influenzae is a member of a new nucleotidyltransferase family: Structure, sequence analyses, and solution studies
Authors: Lehmann Christopher , Lim Kap , Chalamasetty Vani Rao , Krajewski Wojciech , Melamud Eugene , Galkin Andrey , Howard Andrew , Kelman Zvi , Reddy Prasad T. , Murzin Alexey G. , Herzberg Osnat 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThe crystal structure of HI0074 from Haemophilus influenzae, a protein of unknown function, has been determined at a resolution of 2.4 Å. The molecules form an up–down, four‐helix bundle, and associate into homodimers. The fold is most closely related to the substrate‐binding domain of KNTase, yet the amino acid sequences of the two proteins exhibit no significant homology. Sequence analyses of completely and incompletely sequenced genomes reveal that the two adjacent genes, HI0074 and HI0073, and their close relatives comprise a new family of nucleotidyltransferases, with 15 members at the time of writing. The analyses also indicate that this is one of eight families of a large nucleotidyltransferase superfamily, whose members were identified based on the proximity of the nucleotide‐ and substrate‐binding domains on the respective genomes. Both HI0073 and HI0074 were annotated “hypothetical” in the original genome sequencing publication. HI0073 was cloned, expressed, and purified, and was shown to form a complex with HI0074 by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under nondenaturing conditions, analytic size exclusion chromatography, and dynamic light scattering. Double‐ and single‐stranded DNA binding assays showed no evidence of DNA binding to HI0074 or to HI0073/HI0074 complex despite the suggestive shape of the putative binding cleft formed by the HI0074 dimer. Proteins 2003;50:249–260. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Insights into the bile acid transportation system: The human ileal lipid‐binding protein‐cholyltaurine complex and its comparison with homologous structures
Authors: Kurz Michael , Brachvogel Volker , Matter Hans , Stengelin Siegfried , Thüring Harald , Kramer Werner 
Published: December 2002

AbstractBile acids are generated in vivo from cholesterol in the liver, and they undergo an enterohepatic circulation involving the small intestine, liver, and kidney. To understand the molecular mechanism of this transportation, it is essential to gain insight into the three‐dimensional (3D) structures of proteins involved in the bile acid recycling in free and complexed form and to compare them with homologous members of this protein family. Here we report the solution structure of the human ileal lipid‐binding protein (ILBP) in free form and in complex with cholyltaurine. Both structures are compared with a previously published structure of the porcine ILBP‐cholylglycine complex and with related lipid‐binding proteins. Protein structures were determined in solution by using two‐dimensional (2D)‐ and 3D‐homo and heteronuclear NMR techniques, leading to an almost complete resonance assignment and a significant number of distance constraints for distance geometry and restrained molecular dynamics simulations. The identification of several intermolecular distance constraints unambiguously determines the cholyltaurine‐binding site. The bile acid is deeply buried within ILBP with its flexible side‐chain situated close to the fatty acid portal as entry region into the inner ILBP core. This binding mode differs significantly from the orientation of cholylglycine in porcine ILBP. A detailed analysis using the GRID/CPCA strategy reveals differences in favorable interactions between protein‐binding sites and potential ligands. This characterization will allow for the rational design of potential inhibitors for this relevant system. Proteins 2003;50:312–328. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A novel approach to the recognition of protein architecture from sequence using fourier analysis and neural networks
Authors: Shepherd Adrian J. , Gorse Denise , Thornton Janet M. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractA novel method is presented for the prediction of protein architecture from sequence using neural networks. The method involves the preprocessing of protein sequence data by numerically encoding it and then applying a Fourier transform. The encoded and transformed data are then used to train a neural network to recognize a number of different protein architectures. The method proved significantly better than comparable alternative strategies such as percentage dipeptide frequency, but is still limited by the size of the data set and the input demands of a neural network. Its main potential is as a complement to existing fold recognition techniques, with its ability to identify global symmetries within protein structures its greatest strength. Proteins 2003;50:290–302. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Alternative definitions of comparable case groups and estimates of lead time and benefit time in randomized cancer screening trials
Authors: Kafadar Karen , Prorok Philip C. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractRandomized screening trials provide the optimal means of assessing the benefit of screening for cancer and other chronic diseases. Unlike therapy trials, however, where strict eligibility criteria assure the comparability of cases of disease in the arms of the trial, the cancer cases identified during follow‐up are a subset of all randomized participants. Furthermore, those cases detected by screening tend to arise from length biased sampling which also can bias estimates of the screening benefit and of average lead time. To reduce or eliminate this bias, we propose several methods for defining comparable groups of cases from the trial arms. We examine, via simulation, these methods with respect to their effects on (i) point and interval estimates of average lead time and average benefit time and (ii) the logrank test statistic for a mortality effect of screening. The most successful new method for defining comparable case groups uses an estimate of the mean sojourn time (mean preclinical duration), and results in nearly unbiased estimates of average lead time and average benefit time as well as an unbiased logrank test statistic. Published in 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Software release management for component‐based software
Authors: van der Hoek André , Wolf Alexander L. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractSoftware release management is the process through which software is made available to and obtained by its users. Until now, this process has been relatively straightforward. However, the emergence of component‐based software is complicating software release management. Increasingly, software is constructed via the assembly of pre‐existing, independently produced, and independently released components. Both developers and users of such software are affected by these complications. Developers need to accurately document the complex and changing dependencies among the components constituting the software. Users must be involved in locating, retrieving, and assembling components in order to appropriately bring the software into their particular environment. In this paper, we introduce the problem of release management for component‐based software and discuss SRM, a prototype software release management tool we have developed that supports both developers and users in the software release management process. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantification and localization of expression of the retinoic acid receptor‐β and ‐γ mRNA isoforms during neurulation in mouse embryos with or without spina bifida
Authors: Mao Gloria E. , Collins Michael D. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies observed that retinoic acid receptor‐gamma (RARγ) is expressed in the open caudal neuroepithelium but that RARβ is expressed in the closed neural tube. Furthermore, retinoic acid (RA) induces RARβ expression, a molecular event associated with neural tube closure, but treatment with RA at the appropriate gestation time causes failure of neural tube closure. Since there are four isoforms of RARβ, perhaps the isoforms expressed in the closed neural tube and induced by RA are different. To investigate the hypothesis that the switch from RARγ to RARβ is mechanistically linked to neural tube closure, this study determined the concentrations and distributions of RARβ and RARγ isoforms in mouse embryos with RA‐induced neural tube defects and in splotch (Sp) mutant embryos with spina bifida.MethodsAbsolute concentrations of RARβ and RARγ isoforms were determined throughout primary neurulation (gestational day 8.5–10.0) in treated or untreated C57BL/6J mouse whole embryos by ribonuclease protection analysis. Treatment consisted of an oral dose of 100 mg/kg of all‐trans‐RA on gestational day 8.5. Spatial distributions of RARβ and RARγ were examined in RA‐treated and Sp mutant embryos by in situ hybridization.ResultsRARβ2, γ1, and γ2 were expressed in untreated embryos and were induced 4.5‐, 1.6‐, and 4.0‐fold, respectively, 4 hr after treatment with RA. In embryos with RA‐induced spina bifida, RARβ2 was expressed in the closed neural tube while RARγ1 and RARγ2 were expressed in the open caudal neuroepithelium. In splotch mice with spina bifida, the boundary between RARβ and RARγ did not correspond to the site of neural tube closure.ConclusionsIn RA‐treated embryos, the relationship between RARβ expression in the closed and RARγ in the open caudal neuroepithelium was not altered. However, in splotch embryos with spina bifida, the juncture between RARβ and RARγ expression remained in the same anatomical position in the neuroepithelium irrespective of the neural tube closure status and suggests that the switch from RARγ to RARβ expression in the closing caudal neuroepithelium may not be causally linked to neural tube closure in the splotch mutant. Teratology 66:331–343, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.