bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Purification and activity of two phospholipase enzymes from Naja nigricolis nigricolis reinhardt venom
Authors: Abubakar M. S. , Nok A. J. , Abdurahman E. M. , Haruna A. K. , Shok M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractTwo phospholipase enzymes NN1 and NN2 were purified from the venom of Naja nigricolis nigricolis Reinhardt to apparent homogeneity. NN1 was purified by a two‐step anion‐exchange chromatography on DEAE‐cellulose column while NN2 was purified by a combination of anion‐exchange chromatography and gel filteration on Sephadex G‐150. The enzyme NN1 moved homogenously on acrylamide gel as a monomer with a molecular weight of 65 kDa while NN2 was a dimer of 71 kDa. Both enzymes were clearly separated. Both enzymes hydrolyzed L‐α‐phosphatidyl choline with activities of 345.5 for NN1 and 727.8 μmol min−1 mg−1 for NN2. The dimeric 71‐kDa enzyme has a higher haemolytic and anticoagulant activity than the monomeric 65‐kDa enzyme. It is apparent that the dimeric enzyme has a more pronounced activity than the monomer has, thus toxic activity may be related to the hydrolysis of phospholipids. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 17:53–58, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.10060
The importance of quality: A post September 11 perspective
Authors: Stanwick Sarah D. , Stanwick Peter A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIn these difficult times, many businesses have cut production and workforce to control costs. But what about
quality? Customers still demand a quality product at a reasonable price. The authors first explain how to
evaluate the costs of quality, and give tips on setting up a quality management system. They then discuss how
companies have responded in this turbulent era, and what we can expect in the future. © 2003 Wiley
Periodicals, Inc.
Same origins of DNA replication function on the active and inactive human X chromosomes
Authors: Cohen Stephanie M. , Brylawski Bruna P. , Cordeiro‐Stone Marila , Kaufman David G. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe previously characterized a functional origin of DNA replication at the transcriptional promoter of the human hypoxanthine‐guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) gene (Cohen et al. [2002] J. Cell. Biochem. 85:346‐356). This origin was mapped using a quantitative PCR assay to evaluate the relative abundance of HPRT markers in short nascent DNA strands isolated from asynchronous cultures of male fibroblasts. The HPRT gene on the X chromosome is transcriptionally active in male human fibroblasts. It is known that on the heterochromatic X chromosome in female cells the HPRT gene is transcriptionally silenced and its replication timing changes from early to late in S phase. This change in replication timing could indicate that replication of the HPRT gene is under the control of different origins of DNA replication in the active (euchromatic, early replicating) and the inactive (heterochromatic, late replicating) X chromosomes. In the present study, we identified the location of the origin of replication of a second X chromosome gene, glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), which we mapped to its transcriptional promoter, in normal male human fibroblasts. Then, we determined the activity of the previously identified HPRT and the G6PD human origins in hybrid hamster cells carrying either the active or the inactive human X chromosome. The results of these studies clearly demonstrated that the human HPRT and G6PD origins of replication were utilized to the same extent in the active and the inactive X chromosomes. Therefore, transcription activity at the HPRT and G6PD genes is not necessary for initiation of DNA replication at the origins mapped to these chromosomal loci. J. Cell. Biochem. 88: 923–931, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fracture healing as a post‐natal developmental process: Molecular, spatial, and temporal aspects of its regulation
Authors: Gerstenfeld Louis C. , Cullinane Dennis M. , Barnes George L. , Graves Dana T. , Einhorn Thomas A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractFracture healing is a specialized post‐natal repair process that recapitulates aspects of embryological skeletal development. While many of the molecular mechanisms that control cellular differentiation and growth during embryogenesis recur during fracture healing, these processes take place in a post‐natal environment that is unique and distinct from those which exist during embryogenesis. This Prospect Article will highlight a number of central biological processes that are believed to be crucial in the embryonic differentiation and growth of skeletal tissues and review the functional role of these processes during fracture healing. Specific aspects of fracture healing that will be considered in relation to embryological development are: (1) the anatomic structure of the fracture callus as it evolves during healing; (2) the origins of stem cells and morphogenetic signals that facilitate the repair process; (3) the role of the biomechanical environment in controlling cellular differentiation during repair; (4) the role of three key groups of soluble factors, pro‐inflammatory cytokines, the TGF‐β superfamily, and angiogenic factors, during repair; and (5) the relationship of the genetic components that control bone mass and remodeling to the mechanisms that control skeletal tissue repair in response to fracture. J. Cell. Biochem. 88: 873–884, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inhibition of actin polymerization enhances commitment to and execution of apoptosis induced by withdrawal of trophic support
Authors: Celeste Morley S. , Sun Guang‐Ping , Bierer Barbara E. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe have previously shown, using jasplakinolide, that stabilization of the actin cytoskeleton enhanced apoptosis induced upon cytokine withdrawal (Posey and Bierer [1999] J. Biol. Chem. 274:4259–4265). It remained possible, however, that a disruption in the regulation of actin dynamics, and not simply F‐actin stabilization, was required to affect the transduction of an apoptotic signal. We have now tested the effects of cytochalasin D, a well‐characterized agent that promoted actin depolymerization. Actin depolymerization did not affect CD95 (Fas)‐induced death of Jurkat T cells in the time course studied but did enhance the commitment to cytokine withdrawal‐induced apoptosis of factor‐dependent cell lines. The induction of cell death was not the result of direct cytoskeletal collapse, since treatment of the cells with cytochalasin D in the presence of IL‐2 did not promote death. As with jasplakinolide, the enhancement of commitment to apoptosis could be delayed by overexpression of the anti‐apoptotic protein Bcl‐xL, but, unlike jasplakinolide, cytochalasin D modestly affected the “execution” stage of apoptosis as well. Taken together, these results suggest that changes in actin dynamics, i.e., the rate of actin polymerization and depolymerization, modulate the transduction of the apoptotic signal committing lymphocytes, withdrawn from required growth factors, to the death pathway. J. Cell. Biochem. 88: 1066–1076, 2003. Published 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Soluble glucocorticoid‐induced tumor necrosis factor receptor (sGITR) increased MMP‐9 activity in murine macrophage
Authors: Lee Hee‐Sook , Shin Hyun‐Hee , Kwon Byoung S. , Choi Hye‐Seon 
Published: March 2003

AbstractGlucocorticoid induced tumor necrosis factor receptor (GITR), a new TNFR family, increased production of matrix matalloproteinase (MMP‐9) in murine macrophages. Murine macrophages produced a band of gelatinolytic activity at 100 kDa when stimulated for 18 h with soluble GITR. MMP‐9 was identified by gelatin zymography and Western blot. Previous results demonstrated that murine macrophages express GITR and GITR ligand constitutively. Induction of MMP‐9 was synergistic with co‐treatment of INF‐γ. MMPs could play a critical role in progression and promotion of tissue injury after inflammation stimulated by GITR/ligand system. J. Cell. Biochem. 88: 1048–1056, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
nMoldyn: A program package for a neutron scattering oriented analysis of molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Róg T. , Murzyn K. , Hinsen K. , Kneller G. R. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe present a new implementation of the program nMoldyn, which has been developed for the computation and decomposition of neutron scattering intensities from Molecular Dynamics trajectories (Comp. Phys. Commun 1995, 91, 191–214). The new implementation extends the functionality of the original version, provides a much more convenient user interface (both graphical/interactive and batch), and can be used as a tool set for implementing new analysis modules. This was made possible by the use of a high‐level language, Python, and of modern object‐oriented programming techniques. The quantities that can be calculated by nMoldyn are the mean‐square displacement, the velocity autocorrelation function as well as its Fourier transform (the density of states) and its memory function, the angular velocity autocorrelation function and its Fourier transform, the reorientational correlation function, and several functions specific to neutron scattering: the coherent and incoherent intermediate scattering functions with their Fourier transforms, the memory function of the coherent scattering function, and the elastic incoherent structure factor. The possibility to compute memory function is a new and powerful feature that allows to relate simulation results to theoretical studies. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 24: 657–667, 2003
Spirituality and the MMPI‐2
Authors: MacDonald Douglas A. , Holland Daniel 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe present investigation was an exploratory examination of the relation of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory‐2 (MMPI‐2; Butcher, Dahlstrom, Graham, Tellegen, & Kaemmer, 1989) Clinical scales to spirituality operationalized in terms of self‐reported religious involvement and scores on a multidimensional measure called the Expressions of Spirituality Inventory (ESI; MacDonald, 1997, 2000). MANOVA and correlational results indicate that the MMPI‐2 Clinical scales generate patterns of findings consistent with available research on spirituality and health. In particular, persons reporting involvement in organized religion obtained significantly lower MMPI‐2 Clinical scale scores and were found to be less likely to obtain a clinically significant score (i.e., t‐scores >64) on any of the MMPI‐2 scales. Further, with the exception of Masculine‐Feminine and Hypomania, all MMPI‐2 scales were found to associate appreciably with ESI dimension scores. The study concludes with a brief discussion of the meaning and implications of the findings for future research aimed at investigating the relation of spirituality to health. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 59: 399–410, 2003.
Individualized measurement of irrational beliefs in remitted depressives
Authors: Solomon Ari , Arnow Bruce A. , Gotlib Ian H. , Wind Brian 
Published: March 2003

AbstractRecent reviews of cognitive theories of depression have noted that individualized assessment strategies might help to resolve mixed findings regarding the stability of depressotypic beliefs and attitudes. We describe encouraging results for an individualized measure of one such cognitive construct, irrational beliefs. Twenty depression‐prone women (recurrent major depressives in full remission) and twenty closely matched never‐depressed controls completed leading forced‐choice measures of irrational beliefs (the Belief Scale; BS) and sociotropy‐autonomy (The Revised Personal Style Inventory), as well as the Specific Demands on Self Scale (SDS). The BS requires participants to rate their agreement with twenty preselected statements of irrational beliefs, while the SDS focuses on whether participants harbor any strongly held irrational beliefs, even if uncommon or idiosyncratic. Consistent with previous research, there were no group differences on the traditional measure of irrational beliefs. In contrast, depression‐prone participants strongly exceeded controls on the SDS, and this difference persisted after controlling for residual depression, anxiety symptoms, anxiety diagnoses, sociotropy, and autonomy. These findings provide some initial support for a key assumption of the rational–emotive model of depression, and, more broadly, suggest that individualized assessment strategies may help researchers capture the core negative beliefs of asymptomatic individuals, even in the absence of mood or cognitive priming. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 59: 439–455, 2003.
Therapist use of silence in therapy: A survey
Authors: Hill Clara E. , Thompson Barbara J. , Ladany Nicholas 
Published: March 2003

AbstractEighty‐one therapists responded to a mailed survey about their use of silence during a specific event in therapy and about their general attitudes about using silence in therapy. For the specific event, therapists used silence primarily to facilitate reflection, encourage responsibility, facilitate expression of feelings, not interrupt session flow, and convey empathy. During silence, therapists observed the client, thought about the therapy, and conveyed interest. In general, therapists indicated that they would use silence with clients who were actively problem solving, but they would not use silence with very disturbed clients. Therapists learned about using silence mostly through clinical experience. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 59: 513–524, 2003.
Pulpal regeneration after cavity preparation, with special reference to close spatio‐relationships between odontoblasts and immunocompetent cells
Authors: Ohshima Hayato , Nakakura‐Ohshima Kuniko , Takeuchi Kiichi , Hoshino Masaaki , Takano Yoshiro , Maeda Takeyasu 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe regeneration process of the odontoblast cell layer incident to tooth injury, especially its relationship with immunocompetent cells in pulp healing, has not been fully understood. The purpose of the present study was to clarify this relationship between odontoblasts and immunocompetent cells in the process of pulp regeneration following cavity preparation in rat molars by immunocytochemistry for heat shock protein (Hsp) 25 as well as class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. In untreated control teeth, intense Hsp 25‐immunoreactivity was found in the cell bodies of odontoblasts and their processes within the predentin, whereas class II MHC‐positive cells were predominantly located beneath the odontoblast cell layer. Cavity preparation caused the destruction of the odontoblast layer to form an edematous lesion and the shift of class II MHC‐positive cells with the injured odontoblasts toward the pulp core at the affected site. Some damaged odontoblasts without apparent cytoplasmic processes, round in profile, retained the immunoreactivity for Hsp25, suggesting the survival of a part of the odontoblasts against artificial external stimuli. Twelve hours after cavity preparation, numerous class II MHC‐positive cells appeared along the pulp‐dentin border and extended their processes deep into the exposed dentinal tubules. By postoperative 72 hours, newly differentiated odontoblasts with Hsp 25‐immunoreactivity were arranged at the pulp‐dentin border, but the class II MHC‐positive cells moved from the pulp‐dentin border to the subodontoblastic layer. These findings indicate that the time course of changes in the expression of Hsp 25‐immunoreactivity reflects the regeneration process of odontoblasts. The functional roles of Hsp 25‐positive odontoblasts and immunocompetent cells such as class II MHC‐positive cells in the process of pulp regeneration after cavity preparation are discussed in conjunction with our previous experimental data. Microsc. Res. Tech. 60:483–490, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
From conflict to co‐operation: some design issues for local collective action institutions in cities
Authors: Anand P. B. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThis paper presents a discussion on some design principles of local collective action institutions, using a case study from India. Various potential conflicts in the functioning of such institutions are explored. Does group homogeneity and social capital foster collective action? This is explored using female literacy rate in the neighbourhood. The regression results suggest that individual characteristics may be more important than group homogeneity to explain whether an individual joins a collective action organization. An exploration of conjectures from Koremanos et al. study of design of international organizations to the context of local collective action suggests some differences and a need for further exploration. It appears that local collective action institutions can be better designed by ‘thinking globally’. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reconstruction of the muscle system in Antygomonas sp. (Kinorhyncha, Cyclorhagida) by means of phalloidin labeling and cLSM
Authors: Müller Monika C.M. , Schmidt‐Rhaesa Andreas 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIn the present investigation the entire muscle system of the cyclorhagid kinorhynch Antygomonas sp. was three‐dimensionally reconstructed from whole mounts by means of FITC‐phalloidin labeling and confocal scanning microscopy. With this technique, which proved to be especially useful for microscopically small species, we wanted to reinvestigate and supplement the findings obtained by histological and electron microscopical methods. The organization of the major muscle systems can be summarized as follows: 1) All muscle fibers, apart from the intestinal ones, the spine, and the mouth cone muscles, show a cross‐striated pattern; 2) Dorsal longitudinal muscle fibers as well as segmentally arranged dorsoventral fibers occur from segment III to XIII; 3) Diagonal muscle fibers are located laterally in segments III to X; 4) Two rings of circular fibers are present in segment II, forming the closing apparatus in Cyclorhagida. Further circular muscles are present in segment I, forming the mouth cone and the eversible introvert, and in the pharyngeal bulb. J. Morphol. 256:103–110, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Osteology and skeletal development of Apalone spinifera (Reptilia: Testudines: Trionychidae)
Authors: Sheil Christopher A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractDespite considerable attention that other groups of reptiles have received, few descriptions of the development and sequences of chondrification and ossification of the entire skeleton of turtles exist. Herein, the adult skeleton of the spiny softshell turtle, Apalone spinifera (Testudines: Trionychidae), is described; this description forms a basis of comparison for the embryonic skeleton and its ontogenesis. Descriptions are made on the basis of cleared and double‐stained embryos and dry skeletal postembryonic specimens. The embryonic chondrocranium of A. spinifera is described and compared to those of Emys orbicularis and Caretta caretta, the sequence of chondrification of fore‐ and hindlimbs are compared with published descriptions of Chelydra serpentina and Chrysemys picta, and the sequence of ossification of elements is compared with those of C. serpentina, Lacerta vivipara, and Alligator mississippiensis. In A. spinifera, the first elements that ossify (Stage 17) are associated with the dermatocranium and mandible, followed by elements of the dermal skull table, lower jaw, and dermal elements of the plastron. In A. spinifera, the sequence of chondrification of limb elements is similar to that of C. serpentina; however, the sequence of ossification varies greatly among Apalone, Chelydra, Lacerta, and Alligator. J. Morphol. 256:42–78, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diaphragm muscle development in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus)
Authors: Dearolf J.L. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBeing born directly into the aquatic environment creates unique challenges for the breathing muscles of neonatal cetaceans. Not only must these muscles be active at the instant of birth to ventilate the lungs, but their activities must also be coordinated with those of the locomotor muscles such that breathing takes place only at the water's surface. At least one major locomotory muscle of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) has been demonstrated to be well developed and, therefore, able to power the neonatal dolphin's early movements (Dearolf et al. [2000] J Morphol 244:203–215). Thus, because of the demands for coordinated behavior with the locomotor muscles, it is hypothesized that the breathing muscles of bottlenose dolphins, represented in this study by the diaphragm, will also demonstrate adult morphology at birth. However, histochemical and biochemical analyses demonstrate that neonatal dolphins have immature diaphragms, with only 52% of the adult slow fiber‐type profile (neonates: 34% slow‐twitch fibers; adults: 66% slow‐twitch fibers). The developmental state of the dolphin diaphragm is compared to those of other neonatal mammals, using a muscle development index (% slow‐twitch fibers in neonatal muscle / % slow‐twitch fibers in adult muscle). Fiber‐type profiles reported in the literature are used to calculate index values for the diaphragms of altricial rats, rabbits, and cats, intermediate baboons and humans, and precocial sheep and horses. The dolphin is not unique in having an immature diaphragm at birth; however, there is a positive relationship between the developmental state of the diaphragm and the overall developmental state of the neonate. The presence of type IIc (“undifferentiated”) fibers in the diaphragms of altricial developers (e.g., rats, rabbits, and cats) is correlated with the slow contraction speeds recorded from their diaphragms. The diaphragms of neonatal horses and dolphins express little to no type IIc fibers and, thus, may have the ability to contract at the speeds required for their increased ventilation rates. These results lead to the modification of the criterion for evaluating the developmental state of a muscle at birth. Thus, the developmental state of a neonatal muscle should be based on both its value of Dearolf et al.'s (2000) developmental index, as well as the percentage of type IIc fibers found in that muscle. J. Morphol. 256:79–88, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.