bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parental education and income are linked to offspring cortical brain structure and psychopathology at 9–11 years
Authors: Norbom Linn B. , Rokicki Jaroslav , Eilertsen Espen M. , Wiker Thea , Hanson Jamie , Dahl Andreas , Alnæs Dag , Fernández‐Cabello Sara , Beck Dani , Agartz Ingrid , Andreassen Ole A. , Westlye Lars T. , Tamnes Christian K. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundA child's socioeconomic environment can shape central aspects of their life, including vulnerability to mental disorders. Negative environmental influences in youth may interfere with the extensive and dynamic brain development occurring at this time. Indeed, there are numerous yet diverging reports of associations between parental socioeconomic status (SES) and child cortical brain morphometry. Most of these studies have used single metric‐ or unimodal analyses of standard cortical morphometry that downplay the probable scenario where numerous biological pathways in sum account for SES‐related cortical differences in youth.MethodsTo comprehensively capture such variability, using data from 9758 children aged 8.9–11.1 years from the ABCD Study®, we employed linked independent component analysis (LICA) and fused vertex‐wise cortical thickness, surface area, curvature and grey‐/white‐matter contrast (GWC). LICA revealed 70 uni‐ and multimodal components. We then assessed the linear relationships between parental education, parental income and each of the cortical components, controlling for age, sex, genetic ancestry, and family relatedness. We also assessed whether cortical structure moderated the negative relationships between parental SES and child general psychopathology.ResultsParental education and income were both associated with larger surface area and higher GWC globally, in addition to local increases in surface area and to a lesser extent bidirectional GWC and cortical thickness patterns. The negative relation between parental income and child psychopathology were attenuated in children with a multimodal pattern of larger frontal‐ and smaller occipital surface area, and lower medial occipital thickness and GWC.ConclusionStructural brain MRI is sensitive to SES diversity in childhood, with GWC emerging as a particularly relevant marker together with surface area. In low‐income families, having a more developed cortex across MRI metrics, appears beneficial for mental health.
Embedding simulation in genetic counselor education from the first week of training: Learning outcomes, standardized clients, and students' satisfaction
Authors: Jacobs Chris , McEwen Alison 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHealth professional educators routinely utilize simulation to prepare students for practice. However, there is little evidence to show whether simulation enhances learning for genetic counseling students. This study aimed to (i) develop simulation learning outcomes and standardized clients for genetic counselor student education and (ii) evaluate students' experiences of learning from face‐to‐face and virtual simulation in the first week of training in an Australasian master of genetic counseling program. Using the principles of co‐design, eight experienced genetic counselors from across Australasia attended an online discussion and one‐to‐one meetings to develop simulation learning outcomes and build detailed authentic standardized clients. Six learning outcomes were identified: establishing an effective counseling relationship, eliciting information, assessing need, delivering difficult news and helping clients cope with complex emotions, effective communication and facilitating adaptation. Standardized clients were mapped to the learning outcomes and other requirements of the program. Between 2019 and 2022, 106 first year students participated in face‐to‐face or virtual simulation workshops with two standardized clients on Day 5 of their training. Following the experience, 103 students completed an anonymous survey using a modified version of a validated satisfaction with simulation scale (n = 49 face‐to‐face in 2019 and 2020 and n = 54 virtual in 2021 and 2022). Responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics and content analysis. Mean satisfaction overall was 95.9% (SD 3.5), 96.2 (SD 4.0) face‐to‐face, and 95.8 (SD 3.7) virtual. Overall, responses indicated that simulation‐based learning and working with standardized clients was a valuable learning experience (100%), developed communication skills and created a sense of reality (99%). For a minority of participants (n = 4), the simulation was too challenging. Key learning related to consolidation of counseling skills, reflective practice, and preparation for clinical placement. In conclusion, exposing novice student genetic counselors to authentic clinical scenarios using standardized clients in face‐to‐face or virtual classrooms enhanced clinical learning.
Myocardial Injury in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients Assessed by Multiparametric MRI: Relationship With Left Ventricular Phenotypes
Authors: Jin Shiqi , Wang Fan , Tian Zhaoxin , Huo Huaibi , Liu Shutong , Zhu Xinwang , Liu Ting 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundMyocardial injury is common in end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) patients, but the presence and severity of myocardial injury in different left ventricular (LV) phenotypes were still not fully explored.PurposeTo evaluate myocardial tissue characteristics and deformation in ESRD patients on peritoneal dialysis separated into normal geometry, concentric remodeling, concentric left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and eccentric LVH patterns by multiparametric cardiac MRI.Study TypeProspective.PopulationA total of 142 subjects, including 102 on peritoneal dialysis (69 males) and 40 healthy controls (27 males).Field Strength/SequenceAt 3.0 T, cine sequence, T1 mapping and T2 mapping.AssessmentLV mass index and LV remodeling index were used to create four subgroups with normal geometry, concentric remodeling, concentric LVH, and eccentric LVH. LV function, strain and strain rate, myocardial native T1 and T2 were measured.Statistical TestsDescriptive statistics, analysis of variance and analysis of covariance, Pearson/Spearman correlation, stepwise regression, and intraclass correlation coefficient. P‐value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsEven in normal geometry, LV strain parameters still diminished compared with the controls (global radial strain: 30.5 ± 7.7% vs. 37.1 ± 7.9%; global circumferential strain: −18.2 ± 2.6% vs. −20.6 ± 2.2%; global longitudinal strain: −13.3 ± 2.5% vs. −16.0 ± 2.8%). Eccentric LVH had significantly lower global circumferential systolic strain rate than concentric LVH (−0.82 ± 0.21%/—second vs. −0.96 ± 0.20%/—second). Compared with the controls, the four subgroups all revealed elevated native T1 and T2, especially in eccentric LVH, while concentric remodeling had the least changes including native T1, T2, and LV ejection fraction. After adjusting for covariates, there was no statistically significant difference in T2 between the four subgroups (P = 0.359).Data ConclusionsEccentric LVH is associated with the most pronounced evidence of myocardial tissue characteristics and function impairment, while as a benign remodeling, the concentric remodeling subgroup had the least increase in native T1. This study further confirms that native T1 and strain indicators can reflect the severity of myocardial injury in ESRD, providing better histological and functional basis for future grouping treatments.Level of Evidence1Technical EfficacyStage 3
Effectiveness of prophylactic HPV vaccines against cervical abnormalities and HPV infection in Japan: The J‐HERS 2021 multicenter study
Authors: Saeki Yoshihiko , Saito Mayumi , Irie Takuya , Itoh Fujiko , Enatsu Akiko , Komura Hiroko , Fujii Miho , Fujii Ryota , Hidaka Natsuko , Maehama Toshiyuki , Shirasu Nobuhiko , Waseda Tomoo , Shibata Takeo , Takada Emi , Mibe Kazuki , Sakamoto Jinichi , Yamada Sousuke , Takakura Masahiro , Sasagawa Toshiyuki 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study investigated the efficacy of the prophylactic human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, which was initiated between 2009 and 2013 in Japan. The study involved 1529 eligible women aged 16–39 years who visited 11 outpatient clinics in Japan for various reasons. These patients underwent HPV genotype analysis and a Pap test of cervical cell samples. A total of 299 women (19.6%) had received the prophylactic HPV vaccine (bivalent:quadrivalent vaccine ratio = 2:1). Of the 5062 participants in the Japanese Human Papillomavirus Disease Education and Research Survey (J‐HERS 2011), which was conducted in the pre‐vaccination era, 3236 eligible participants were included as controls. In this study (J‐HERS 2021), the highest rate of HPV vaccination (53%) was observed in patients aged 22–27 years. Vaccinated individuals exhibited a 49% rate of protection against low‐grade intraepithelial lesions (LSILs) and atypical squamous cells, not excluding high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (ASCH) or worse (LSIL/ASCH+), and a 100% rate of protection against high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs) or worse (HSIL+). Significant reductions in HPV16 (95%) and HPV18 (100%) infections were noted, but no differences were observed in HPV6 and HPV11 infections. The prevalences of HPV51 and HPV59 increased with vaccination, although these changes were not confirmed in the comparative study with J‐HERS 2011. Comparing the prevaccination (J‐HERS 2011) and postvaccination (J‐HERS 2021) periods, 43%, 51%, 88%, and 62% reductions in HPV16, HPV18, HPV16/18, and HPV31/58 infection rates were observed, respectively. Similarly, 62% and 71% reductions in LSIL/ASCH+ and HSIL+ rates were noted, respectively. There were 88% and 87% reductions in LSIL/ASCH+ and HSIL+ rates in 16–21‐ and 28–33‐year‐old patients, respectively. Bivalent or quadrivalent vaccines provided 100% protection against high‐grade squamous cell lesions (suggestive of CIN2 or CIN3) in young women aged <39 years at 9–12 years after initiation of Japan's first nationwide HPV vaccination program. Cross‐protection against HPV31 and HPV58 is likely to occur, although some HPV‐type replacements are inconsistent across vaccination regimens. This demonstrates the effectiveness of the HPV vaccine. However, continuous monitoring of cervical cancer and precancer is necessary in younger generations (born 1997–2007), who were rarely vaccinated due to the prolonged suspension of the vaccine recommendations in Japan.
Prediction of seasonal sea surface temperature based on temperature and salinity of subsurface ocean using machine learning
Authors: Wei Sentao , Wang Chenghai , Zhang Feimin , Yang Kai 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe sea surface temperature (SST) is not only a crucial external factor in the evolution of the atmosphere, but also a primary factor and premonition signal used in climate prediction. It is challenging to obtain a precise SST for generating accurate initial and boundary conditions in numerical models. This study employs a machine learning approach, that is, a convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithm, to predict SST on a seasonal scale. In particular, the subsurface ocean temperature (OT) and ocean salinity (OS) at depths of 5.02, 15.08, 25.16, 35.28, 45.45 and 76.55 m were used as training factors in developing a CNN prediction model. The results indicate that subsurface OT and OS can persist for 6 months or longer, with a maximum persistence of up to 12 months. Using the CNN prediction model, the SST can be reliably predicted 6 months in advance in most cases. The predicted SST has a mean bias of approximately 0–0.8 K on the globe. The bias is small (below 0.5 K) in the open ocean. The root mean square errors (RMSEs) of hindcasting for Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation, North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation indices are all less than 1.0 K. Specifically, the RMSE for El Niño prediction is less than 0.5 K. This study provides a viable method for establishing initial and boundary conditions for climate prediction.
Deep learning based detection of osteophytes in radiographs and magnetic resonance imagings of the knee using 2D and 3D morphology
Authors: Daneshmand Mitra , Panfilov Egor , Bayramoglu Neslihan , Korhonen Rami K. , Saarakkala Simo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this study, we investigated the discriminative capacity of knee morphology in automatic detection of osteophytes defined by the Osteoarthritis Research Society International atlas, using X‐ray and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data. For the X‐ray analysis, we developed a deep learning (DL) based model to segment femur and tibia. In case of MRIs, we utilized previously validated segmentations of femur, tibia, corresponding cartilage tissues, and menisci. Osteophyte detection was performed using DL models in four compartments: medial femur (FM), lateral femur (FL), medial tibia (TM), and lateral tibia (TL). To analyze the confounding effects of soft tissues, we investigated their morphology in combination with bones, including bones+cartilage, bones+menisci, and all the tissues. From X‐ray‐based 2D morphology, the models yielded balanced accuracy of 0.73, 0.69, 0.74, and 0.74 for FM, FL, TM, TL, respectively. Using 3D bone morphology from MRI, balanced accuracy was 0.80, 0.77, 0.71, and 0.76, respectively. The performance was higher than in 2D for all the compartments except for TM, with significant improvements observed for femoral compartments. Adding menisci or cartilage morphology consistently improved balanced accuracy in TM, with the greatest improvement seen for small osteophyte. Otherwise, the models performed similarly to bones‐only. Our experiments demonstrated that MRI‐based models show higher detection capability than X‐ray based models for identifying knee osteophytes. This study highlighted the feasibility of automated osteophyte detection from X‐ray and MRI data and suggested further need for development of osteophyte assessment criteria in addition to OARSI, particularly, for early osteophytic changes.
Iodine status in children with intestinal failure
Authors: Leite Heitor Pons , Hatanaka Eduardo Freitas , Sabio Giovana Sertori Galati , Evangelista Nara Michelle de Araújo , de Camargo Maria Fernanda Carvalho 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectivesChildren on long‐term parenteral nutrition (PN) are at high risk of iodine deficiency (ID). However, most available information comes from cross‐sectional studies. We investigated the iodine status, associated factors, and prevalence of hypothyroidism in children with intestinal failure (IF) who were followed up longitudinally.MethodsThis was a cohort study of children with IF monitored for urine iodine concentration (UIC), iodine intake, serum selenium concentration, and thyroid function in an intestinal rehabilitation program. The outcome variable ID was defined as a UIC value < 100 μg/L. Adjusted generalized estimating equations were used to assess the effects of the exposure variables on the UIC.ResultsTwenty‐four patients aged 62.7 (39.1; 79.7) months who received PN for 46.5 (21.5) months were included. The average energy supply was 81.2 kcal/kg/day, 77.6% of which was provided by PN. An average of 5.2 UIC measurements per patient were performed. ID prevalence decreased from baseline (83.3%) to the last assessment (45.8%). Three patients had hypothyroidism secondary to iodine and selenium combined severe deficiency. Iodine intake from enteral or oral nutritional formulas was positively associated with UIC (β = 0.71 [0.35, 1.07]; p < 0.001). Meeting approximately 80% of the estimated average requirement for iodine from nutritional formulas resulted in a greater probability of normal UIC values.ConclusionID is highly prevalent in children with IF who receive long‐term PN and its frequency decreases with iodine intake from nutritional formulas. Severe combined iodine and selenium deficiencies are associated with the development of hypothyroidism in these patients.
Measurement properties of the childhood bladder and bowel dysfunction questionnaire
Authors: van Engelenburg–van Lonkhuyzen Marieke L. , Bols Esther M. J. , Bastiaenen Caroline H. G. , de Bie Rob A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectivesThe childhood bladder and bowel dysfunction questionnaire (CBBDQ) was previously found feasible, structurally valid, with good internal consistency. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the remaining measurement properties according to the COnsensus‐based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN).MethodsA prospective cohort study among parents of children aged 5–12 years was conducted. Calculated were the area under the curve (AUC) (criterion validity, responsiveness, interpretability) and intra‐class correlation coefficients (ICCagreement) (construct validity and test−retest reliability).ResultsOne hundred and seventy‐two parents were included from March 2019 to April 2021. Correlating the bladder subscales of the CBBDQ with the Vancouver symptom score for dysfunctional elimination (VSSDES) and proxy‐reported pediatric incontinence quality of life (p‐PinQ) showed convergent validity (ICCsagreement: 0.76 and 0.74). Divergent validity was found when correlating the bowel subscales of the CBBDQ with the VSSDES (ICCagreement: 0.52). Excellent criterion validity (AUC: 0.98); excellent test−retest reliability (ICCagreement: 0.94) and, at 6 months, fair responsiveness (AUC: 0.74) were found. The minimal important change was 4.5, with cut‐off value of 11.ConclusionThe CBBDQ has been developed according to COSMIN standards. The items were defined using the consensus‐based ICCS standards and Rome‐III criteria. The measurement properties were identified using enough participants. Although interpretability is not considered a measurement property, interpretability aspects are reported here as they refer to what instrument scores mean. The 18‐item‐CBBDQ met the measurement properties of validity, reliability, and responsiveness, as defined by COSMIN. The CBBDQ is suitable for self‐administration by parents, and completion takes little time.
The past is uncertain: alternative responses of cloud forest mammals to the Last Glacial Maximum in the Oaxacan Highlands, Mexico
Authors: Guevara Lázaro 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTThe Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; 26,000–19,000 years before the present) altered the distribution of species worldwide. Its effect is poorly known in tropical regions because the cooling and drought reached during that period are uncertain. Here, I generated hypotheses regarding the possible responses of cloud forest mammals in the Oaxacan Highlands (OH) of Mexico, a region with one of the most extensive cloud forests in the Neotropics. First, I used three General Circulation Models (GCMs: CCSM3, MIROC‐ESM and MPI) to characterize probable climates during the LGM. Then, I used ecological niche models to estimate the current and LGM potential distributions of four cloud forest species. As in other locations, the results show that GCMs are consistent with cooler conditions relative to today; however, the three GCMs estimate precipitation regimes with notable variations in the region. MPI indicates that the LGM could have been even wetter than present. Consequently, the MPI scenario allowed more widespread potential distributions of mammals. The paleodistributions show how mid‐ and lowlands were essential for the long‐term survival of these ‘high‐mountain mammals’ throughout the last glacial–interglacial cycle. The paleodistributions presented here are precise hypotheses that can be tested based on paleoecological and genetic evidence.
Photoinduced transformations in (As1–xBix)2S3 glass observed by Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Azhniuk Yuriy , Lopushansky Vasyl , Hasynets Stepan , Kryshenik Volodymyr , Gomonnai Alexander V. , Zahn Dietrich R. T. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRaman spectra of (As1–xBix)2S3 glass samples with x ≤ 0.2 measured at the excitation with above‐bandgap (532 nm) laser light at a relatively low power density (Pexc = 4 kW/cm2) clearly confirm the amorphous character, thereby markedly extending the known compositional interval of existence of the (As1–xBix)2S3 glass previously known (x ≤ 0.06). Spectra measured at an increased Pexc (40 kW/cm2) reveal a photostructural transformation in the illuminated area of the glass leading to an additional contribution of Bi–S bonds as well as to an increasing number of cage‐type As4S4 units with homopolar As–As bonds. A number of new features in a broad range up to about 1,000 cm−1, which emerge in the Raman spectra of the (As1–xBix)2S3 glasses with high (x ≥ 0.14) Bi content and increase in intensity with the exposure time, are related to a photochemical transformation, namely, oxidation of arsenic and sulphur on the (As1–xBix)2S3 glass surface with formation of units containing arsenate AsO43− and sulphate SO42− ions. These processes are irreversible and occur only in the presence of a sufficient amount of bismuth.
Characteristics of hairtail surimi gels treated with myofibrillar protein‐stabilized Pickering emulsions
Authors: Lin Min , Cui Yaqing , Shi Linfan , Li Zhanming , Liu Shuji , Liu Zhiyu , Weng Wuyin , Ren Zhongyang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDHairtail (Trichiurus haumela) surimi exhibits poor gelation properties and a dark gray appearance, which hinder its utilization in high‐quality surimi gel products. The effect of Pickering emulsions stabilized by myofibrillar proteins (MPE) on the gel properties of hairtail surimi has been unclear. In particular, the impact of MPE under NaCl and KCl treatments on the quality of hairtail surimi gels requires further elucidation.RESULTSPickering emulsions stabilized by myofibrillar proteins and treated with NaCl or KCl (Na‐MPE, K‐MPE) were added to hairtail surimi in amounts of 10–70 g kg−1. The addition of 50 g kg−1 Na‐MPE and K‐MPE improved the gel strength, textural properties, whiteness, and water‐holding capacity (WHC) of hairtail surimi. The relative content of β‐turn and β‐sheet in the surimi gels increased and the relative content of random coils and α‐helix decreased with the addition of oil. The addition of Na‐MPE and K‐MPE did not affect the secondary structure of surimi gels but stimulated the gelation of hairtail surimi gels. Hairtail surimi containing K‐MPE demonstrated similar performance in terms of hardness, microstructure, and WHC compared with the addition of Na‐MPE.CONCLUSIONThe quality of hairtail surimi gels can be improved by the addition of Na‐MPE or K‐MPE. The K‐MPE proved to be an effective option for enhancing the properties of hairtail surimi gels at 50 g kg−1 to replace Na‐MPE. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.