bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence of atrial fibrillation and flutter in Denmark in relation to country of origin: a nationwide register-based study
Authors: Frydenlund Juliane , Valentin Jan Brink , Norredam Marie , Bøggild Henrik , Kragholm Kristian Hay , Riahi Sam , Frost Lars , Johnsen Søren Paaske 
Published: January 2024

Background: Atrial fibrillation and flutter (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia with an increasing prevalence in Western countries. However, little is known about AF among immigrants compared to non-immigrants. Aim: To examine the incidence of hospital-diagnosed AF according to country of origin. Method: Immigrants were defined as individuals born outside Denmark by parents born outside Denmark. AF was defined as first-time diagnosis of AF. All individuals were followed from the age of 45 years from 1998 to 2017. The analyses were adjusted for sex, age, comorbidity, contact with the general practitioner and socioeconomic variables. Adjustment was conducted using standardised morbidity ratio weights, standardised to the Danish population in a marginal structural model. Results: The study population consisted of 3,489,730 Danish individuals free of AF and 108,914 immigrants free of AF who had emigrated from the 10 most represented countries. A total of 323,005 individuals of Danish origin had an incident hospital diagnosis of AF, among the immigrants 7,300 developed AF. Adjusted hazard rate ratios (HRRs) of AF for immigrants from Iran (0.48 [95%CI:0.35;0.64]), Turkey (0.74 [95%CI:0.67;0.82]) and Bosnia-Herzegovina (0.42 [95%CI:0.22;0.79]) were low compared with Danish individuals. Immigrants from Sweden, Germany and Norway had an adjusted HRR of 1.13 [95%CI:1.03;1.23], 1.12 [95%CI:1.05;1.18] and 1.11 [95%CI:1.03;1.21], respectively (Danish individuals as reference). Conclusions: Substantial variation in the incidence of hospital-diagnosed AF according to country of origin was observed. The results may reflect true biological differences but could also reflect barriers to AF diagnosis for immigrants. Further efforts are warranted to determine the underlying mechanisms.
A taste of ambrosia: Do Olympic medalists live longer than Olympic losers?
Authors: Kovbasiuk Anna , Ciechanowski Leon , Jemielniak Dariusz 
Published: January 2024

Objective: To investigate the longevity of a large sample of Olympic Games participants, considering the interaction between different types of sports and medal awards. Methodolgy: Data scraping from Wikipedia and Wikidata allowed us to collect a sample of 102,993 famous athletes. We selected 20 of the most populated disciplines to make the groups comparable. We conducted a comparison of life duration on a subset of 17,194 elite athletes, predominantly male, dead at the time of analysis. Results: Olympic medalists’ lifespan was shorter than non-medalists. Athletes in such disciplines as boxing, weightlifting, ice hockey, cycling, football, swimming, and wrestling lived significantly shorter lives than the mean of the group of athletes. In contrast, the duration of life in athletes involved in athletics, rowing, fencing, artistic gymnastics, shooting, cross-country skiing, sailing, and equestrian sports was highest compared with the mean of the group. Conclusions: Disciplines classified as engaging mostly power were linked to shorter lifespans, whereas those involving predominantly skill were associated with longer life durations. The interaction of being a medalist and sport was found to be significant. Medalists in the disciplines of athletics, basketball, boxing, equestrian sports, wrestling, and water polo had significantly shorter lives (the final item was insignificant after correction for multiple comparisons). Olympic achievement was linked to length of life in mainly individual, not team, sports.
The Potential Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Mechanisms of ATO and ATRA in Treatment of FLT3-ITD Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Peng Chun-Jin , Fan Zhong , Luo Jie-Si , Wang Li-Na , Li Yu , Liang Cong , Zhang Xiao-Li , Luo Xue-Qun , Huang Li-Bin , Tang Yan-Lai 
Published: January 2024

Background Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 gene internal tandem duplication (FLT3-ITD) mutations has a poor prognosis. The combination of arsenic trioxide (ATO) and all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) has a synergistic killing effect on leukemia cells with FLT3-ITD mutation. However, the mechanism, especially the changes of gene expression and metabolic activity remain unclear. Here we explore the transcriptome and metabolomics changes of FLT3-ITD AML cells treated with ATO/ATRA. Methods RNA-seq was used to identify differential expressed genes (DEGs), and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole electrostatic field orbital trap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QE-MS) nontargeted metabolomics method was used to screen out the differential metabolites in FLT3-ITD mutant cell lines treated with ATRA and ATO. KEGG pathway database was utilized for pathway exploration and Seahorse XF24 was used to detect extracellular acidification rate (ECAR). Metabolic polymerase chain reaction (PCR) array and real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) were used to detect mRNA levels of key metabolic genes of glycolysis and fatty acid after drug treatment. Results A total of 3873 DEGs were identified and enriched in 281 Gene Ontology (GO) terms, among which 210 were related to biological processes, 43 were related to cellular components, and 28 were related to molecular functions. Besides, 1794 and 927 differential metabolites were screened in positive and negative ion mode separately, and 59 different metabolic pathways were involved, including alanine-aspartate-glutamate metabolic pathway, arginine, and proline metabolic pathway, glycerophospholipid metabolic pathways, etc. According to KEGG Pathway analysis of transcriptome combined with metabolome, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathway and fatty acid metabolism pathway were significantly founded enriched. ATRA + ATO may inhibit the glycolysis of FLT3-ITD AML cells by inhibiting FLT3 and its downstream AKT/HK2-VDAC1 signaling pathway. Conclusions The gene transcription profile and metabolites of FLT3-ITD mutant cells changes significantly after treatment, which might be related to the anti-FLT3-ITD AML effect. The screened DEGs, differential metabolites pathway are helpful in studying the mechanism of anti-leukemia effects and drug targets.
Disability-free outcomes after mechanical thrombectomy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the randomized controlled trials
Authors: Bilgin Cem , Ibrahim Mohamed , Ghozy Sherief , Jabal Mohamed Sobhi , Shehata Mostafa , Kobeissi Hassan , Kadirvel Ramanathan , Brinjikji Waleed , Rabinstein Alejandro A , Kallmes David F 
Published: January 2024

Background The modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of ≤2 (functional independence) has been the most common primary endpoint of modern mechanical thrombectomy (MT) trials. However, unlike mRS 0-1, mRS score of 2 indicates disability. An important proportion of the mRS 2 patients are home dependent and report a significant decrease in their quality of life. Purpose To investigate excellent outcome (mRS 0-1) rates after MT. Methods We systematically searched Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the role of modern MT in acute ischemic stroke were screened. Posterior circulation and large-core infarct trials were excluded from the study. The data regarding excellent outcomes (mRS: 0-1), functional independence (mRS: 0-2), and reperfusion were collected. Results Twenty-two RCTs comprising 5692 patients were included in the meta-analysis. The overall mRS 0-1 rate was 31.24% (95% CI = 26.95–36.2). The rate of successful reperfusion was 81.8% (95% CI = 77.93–85.86). MT achieved significantly higher rates of mRS 0-1 compared to standard care alone (OR =  2.04; 95% CI = 1.64–2.55; P-value < 0.001), with no heterogeneity detected among studies (I2= 0%; P-value = 0.52). The direct MT and MT plus intravenous thrombolytic treatment groups’ excellent outcome rates were comparable (OR =  0.98; 95% CI = 0.82–1.18; P-value = 0.863). Also, aspiration and stent retriever thrombectomy techniques provided similar excellent outcome rates (OR =  0.76; 95% CI = 0.55–1.05; P-value = 0.141). Conclusions Our results prove the additional benefit of MT over standard care, using a stricter definition for favorable functional outcome. Nearly one-third of patients presenting with large artery occlusion and treated with MT had no disability at 90 days. While this is remarkable, our results also indicate that reperfusion alone is often not enough to prevent disability and underline the need for better neuroprotection strategies.
Clinical and treatment outcomes of a second subcutaneous or intravenous anti-TNF in patients with ulcerative colitis treated with two consecutive anti-TNF agents: data from the ENEIDA registry
Authors: Calafat Margalida , Torres Paola , Tosca-Cuquerella Joan , Sánchez-Aldehuelo Rubén , Rivero Montserrat , Iborra Marisa , González-Vivo María , Vera Isabel , de Castro Luisa , Bujanda Luis , Barreiro-de Acosta Manuel , González-Muñoza Carlos , Calvet Xavier , Benítez José Manuel , Llorente-Barrio Mónica , Surís Gerard , Cañete Fiorella , Arias-García Lara , Monfort David , Castaño-García Andrés , Garcia-Alonso Francisco Javier , Huguet José M. , Marín-Jímenez Ignacio , Lorente Rufo , Martín-Cardona Albert , Ferrer Juan Ángel , Camo Patricia , Gisbert Javier P. , Pajares Ramón , Gomollón Fernando , Castro-Poceiro Jesús , Morales-Alvarado Jair , Llaó Jordina , Rodríguez Andrés , Rodríguez Cristina , Pérez-Galindo Pablo , Navarro Mercè , Jiménez-García Nuria , Carrillo-Palau Marta , Blázquez-Gómez Isabel , Sesé Eva , Almela Pedro , Ramírez de la Piscina Patricia , Taxonera Carlos , Rodríguez-Lago Iago , Cabrinety Lidia , Vela Milagros , Mínguez Miguel , Mesonero Francisco , García María José , Aguas Mariam , Márquez Lucía , Silva Porto Marisol , Pineda Juan R. , García-Etxebarría Koldo , Bertoletti Federico , Brunet Eduard , Mañosa Míriam , Domènech Eugeni 
Published: January 2024

Background: Infliximab seems to be the most efficacious of the three available anti-TNF agents for ulcerative colitis (UC) but little is known when it is used as the second anti-TNF. Objectives: To compare the clinical and treatment outcomes of a second subcutaneous or intravenous anti-TNF in UC patients. Design: Retrospective observational study. Methods: Patients from the ENEIDA registry treated consecutively with infliximab and a subcutaneous anti-TNF (or vice versa), naïve to other biological agents, were identified and grouped according to the administration route of the first anti-TNF into IVi (intravenous initially) or SCi (subcutaneous initially). Results: Overall, 473 UC patients were included (330 IVi and 143 SCi). Clinical response at week 14 was 42.7% and 48.3% in the IVi and SCi groups (non-statistically significant), respectively. Clinical remission rates at week 52 were 32.8% and 31.4% in the IVi and SCi groups (nonsignificant differences), respectively. A propensity-matched score analysis showed a higher clinical response rate at week 14 in the SCi group and higher treatment persistence in the IVi group. Regarding long-term outcomes, dose escalation and discontinuation due to the primary failure of the first anti-TNF and more severe disease activity at the beginning of the second anti-TNF were inversely associated with clinical remission. Conclusion: The use of a second anti-TNF for UC seems to be reasonable in terms of efficacy, although it is particularly reduced in the case of the primary failure of the first anti-TNF. Whether the second anti-TNF is infliximab or subcutaneous does not seem to affect efficacy.
Accelerometer-measured physical activity and posture among older adults in assisted-living residences
Authors: Kijima Tsunetaka , Akai Kenju , Amagasa Shiho , Inoue Shigeru , Yamagata Shingo , Ishibashi Yutaka , Tsukihashi Hironori , Makiishi Tetsuya 
Published: January 2024

Objective: Few studies have detailed the physical activity and postural patterns (e.g. lying or sitting) in older adults with declining activities of daily living (ADL). Therefore, we aimed to address this issue by quantifying physical activity using an accelerometer and measuring time spent in various postures among older adults in assisted-living residences. Methods: We quantified physical activity using an accelerometer (ActivPAL) and measured time spent in various postures in 35 older adults (mean age: 89.1 years) with chronic conditions residing in two assisted-living residences in Japan. ActivPAL was attached to the thigh and trunk of patients to distinguish between sitting and lying postures. Results: Participants had a mean count of 6.2 comorbidities, and they were divided into three groups (fully independent, requiring minimal assistance and requiring care) based on their activities of daily living capacity using the Barthel Index. Residents aged ⩾90 years walked a mean of 1109.1 steps and spent 167.3 min upright per day. Fully independent participants walked a mean of 3587.6 steps daily; those requiring minimal assistance walked 1681.0 steps daily; and those requiring care walked 428.9 steps daily. Conclusions: Our findings indicated that step count, number of sit-to-stand transitions, stepping time, and upright time decreased significantly as activities of daily living capacity decreased. Comorbidity type and number of comorbidities were not related to their lying time except for depression status. Lying time was associated with depression status.
‘It would help people to help me’: Acceptability of digital phenotyping among young people with visual impairment and their families
Authors: Higgins Bethany , Jones Lee , Devraj Kishan , Kilduff Caroline , Moosajee Mariya 
Published: January 2024

Objectives To explore the acceptability of an eHealth App for vision-related monitoring and symptom reporting among young people with a visual impairment and their parents. Methods Qualitative investigation using virtual semi-structured focus groups (via Zoom software) of seven young participants with a genetic eye disorder including inherited retinal disease and structural eye abnormalities (e.g. microphthalmia), and 7 parents; all recruited from ocular genetic clinics at Moorfields Eye Hospital. Audio transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis. Results Data were coded into six key themes: (1) increased involvement in care, (2) opportunity for less hospital-centric care, (3) better representation of visual impairment in a real-world setting, (4) trust in a reputable service provider, (5) harnessing data for health purposes and (6) intended purpose of the app. Both young people and their families were accepting of an eHealth app and felt they would be empowered by greater involvement in their care plan, if privacy of the data was retained, and information was managed correctly. While parents endorsed the opportunity for mental health tracking, young people were hesitant towards its inclusion. Conclusion In summary, there was overall acceptability of an eHealth app among young people with a visual impairment and their parents. These findings will help to maximise the effective integration of digital phenotyping when monitoring and supporting young people experiencing sight loss.
Clinical human activity recognition based on a wearable patch of combined tri-axial ACC and ECG sensors
Authors: Ren Yanling , Liu Minqi , Yang Ying , Mao Ling , Chen Kai 
Published: January 2024

Background In digital medicine, human activity recognition (HAR) can be used to track and assess a patient's progress throughout rehabilitation, enhancing the quality of life for the elderly and the disabled. Methods A patch-type flexible sensor that integrated dynamic electrocardiogram (ECG) and acceleration signal (ACC) was used to record the signals of the various behavioral activities of 20 healthy volunteers and 25 patients with pneumoconiosis. Seven HAR tasks were then carried out on the data using four different deep learning methods (CNN, LSTM, CNN–LSTM and GRU). Results When ECG and ACC were obtained simultaneously, the overall accuracy rates of HAR for healthy group were 0.9371, 0.8829, 0.9843 and 0.9486 by the CNN, LSTM, CNN–LSTM and GRU models, respectively. In contrast, the overall accuracy rates of HAR for the pneumoconiosis patients’ group were 0.8850, 0.7975, 0.9425 and 0.8525 by the four corresponding models. The accuracy of HAR for both groups using all four models is higher than when only ACC signal is detected. Conclusion The addition of the ECG signal significantly improves HAR outcomes in the group of healthy individuals, while having relatively less enhancing effects on the group of patients with pneumoconiosis. When ECG and ACC signals were combined, the increase in HAR accuracy was notable compared to cases where no ECG data was provided. These results suggest that the combination of ACC and ECG data can represent a novel method for the clinical application of HAR.
Performance of ChatGPT incorporated chain-of-thought method in bilingual nuclear medicine physician board examinations
Authors: Ting Yu-Ting , Hsieh Te-Chun , Wang Yuh-Feng , Kuo Yu-Chieh , Chen Yi-Jin , Chan Pak-Ki , Kao Chia-Hung 
Published: January 2024

Objective This research explores the performance of ChatGPT, compared to human doctors, in bilingual, Mandarin Chinese and English, medical specialty exam in Nuclear Medicine in Taiwan. Methods The study employed generative pre-trained transformer (GPT-4) and integrated chain-of-thoughts (COT) method to enhance performance by triggering and explaining the thinking process to answer the question in a coherent and logical manner. Questions from the Taiwanese Nuclear Medicine Specialty Exam served as the basis for testing. The research analyzed the correctness of AI responses in different sections of the exam and explored the influence of question length and language proportion on accuracy. Results AI, especially ChatGPT with COT, exhibited exceptional capabilities in theoretical knowledge, clinical medicine, and handling integrated questions, often surpassing, or matching human doctor performance. However, AI struggled with questions related to medical regulations. The analysis of question length showed that questions within the 109–163 words range yielded the highest accuracy. Moreover, an increase in the proportion of English words in questions improved both AI and human accuracy. Conclusions This research highlights the potential and challenges of AI in the medical field. ChatGPT demonstrates significant competence in various aspects of medical knowledge. However, areas like medical regulations require improvement. The study also suggests that AI may help in evaluating exam question difficulty and maintaining fairness in examinations. These findings shed light on AI role in the medical field, with potential applications in healthcare education, exam preparation, and multilingual environments. Ongoing AI advancements are expected to further enhance AI utility in the medical domain.
Lessons Learned From a Community-Based Men’s Health Fair
Authors: Wippold Guillermo M. , Abshire Demetrius A. , Garcia Kaylyn A. , Crichlow Zion , Frary Sarah Grace , Murphy Elijah R. , Frank Lucina , Johnson LaVonda , Woods Terry 
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Strategies are needed to promote the uptake of preventive health services among Black, Hispanic, and rural men because these men underutilize health services. Previous research indicates that men prefer community-based health promotion programming, such as health fairs; however, specific guidance on how to tailor health fairs for Black, Hispanic, and rural men are lacking. The present seeks to study provides that guidance. Methods: A multisectoral team developed, implemented, and evaluated a men’s health fair in a county of South Carolina with a sizeable Black, Hispanic, and rural-dwelling population. Although the health fair was open to all men in the county, specific outreach campaigns were implemented to attract Black and Hispanic men. The health fair occurred on Father’s Day weekend in 2023 and consisted of health screenings, health information, and other resources (eg, condoms, research studies). Participants who attended the health fair were asked to complete a check-in survey (N = 103) that assessed demographic information and how they heard about the health fair, followed by a survey (N = 58) that assessed facilitators/barriers to participation in a men’s health fair. Results: Results were stratified by the gender of respondent. The results highlight the facilitators/barriers experienced by men to attending health fairs and also highlight important differences in facilitators/barriers for men to attend a health fair as perceived by men and women. Conclusions: These findings have implications for the design and implementation of future men’s health fairs to promote preventive health service use among Black, Hispanic, and rural men.
Peri-hematomal edema shape features related to 3-month outcome in acute supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Dierksen Fiona , Tran Anh T , Zeevi Tal , Maier Ilko L , Qureshi Adnan I , Sanelli Pina C , Werring David J , Malhotra Ajay , Falcone Guido J , Sheth Kevin N , Payabvash Seyedmehdi 
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Perihematomal edema (PHE) represents secondary brain injury and a potential treatment target in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). However, studies differ on optimal PHE volume metrics as prognostic factor(s) after spontaneous, non-traumatic ICH. This study examines associations of baseline and 24-h PHE shape features with 3-month outcomes. Patients and methods: We included 796 patients from a multicentric trial dataset and manually segmented ICH and PHE on baseline and follow-up CTs, extracting 14 shape features. We explored the association of baseline, follow-up, difference (baseline/follow-up) and temporal rate (difference/time gap) of PHE shape changes with 3-month modified Rankin Score (mRS) – using Spearman correlation. Then, using multivariable analysis, we determined if PHE shape features independently predict outcome adjusting for patients’ age, sex, NIH stroke scale (NIHSS), Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), and hematoma volume. Results: Baseline PHE maximum diameters across various planes, main axes, volume, surface, and sphericity correlated with 3-month mRS adjusting for multiple comparisons. The 24-h difference and temporal change rates of these features had significant association with outcome – but not the 24-h absolute values. In multivariable regression, baseline PHE shape sphericity (OR = 2.04, CI = 1.71–2.43) and volume (OR = 0.99, CI = 0. 98–1.0), alongside admission NIHSS (OR = 0.86, CI = 0.83–0.88), hematoma volume (OR = 0.99, CI = 0. 99–1.0), and age (OR = 0.96, CI = 0.95–0.97) were independent predictors of favorable outcomes. Conclusion: In acute ICH patients, PHE shape sphericity at baseline emerged as an independent prognostic factor, with a less spherical (more irregular) shape associated with worse outcome. The PHE shape features absolute values over the first 24 h provide no added prognostic value to baseline metrics.