bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thoracic and Lumbar Spine Injury: Evidence-Based Diagnosis, Management, and Outcomes
Authors: Gomez Giselle I. , Li Guan Q. , Valido Austin A. , Stoner Austin J. , Bromley-Dulfano Rebecca A. , Sheira Dina , Gonzalez Cayo A. , Khan Suleman I. , Choi Jeff , Zygourakis Corinna C. , Weiser Thomas G. 
Published: November 2023

Background Traumatic thoracolumbar spine injuries are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Targeted for non-spine specialist trauma surgeons, this systematic scoping review aimed to examine literature for up-to-date evidence on presentation, management, and outcomes of thoracolumbar spine injuries in adult trauma patients. Methods This review was reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist. We searched four bibliographic databases: PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. Eligible studies included experimental, observational, and evidence-synthesis articles evaluating patients with thoracic, lumbar, or thoracolumbar spine injury, published in English between January 1, 2010 and January 31, 2021. Studies which focused on animals, cadavers, cohorts with N <30, and pediatric cohorts (age <18 years old), as well as case studies, abstracts, and commentaries were excluded. Results A total of 2501 studies were screened, of which 326 unique studies were fully text reviewed and twelve aspects of injury management were identified and discussed: injury patterns, determination of injury status and imaging options, considerations in management, and patient quality of life. We found: (1) imaging is a necessary diagnostic tool, (2) no consensus exists for preferred injury characterization scoring systems, (3) operative management should be considered for unstable fractures, decompression, and deformity, and (4) certain patients experience significant burden following injury. Discussion In this systematic scoping review, we present the most up-to-date information regarding the management of traumatic thoracolumbar spine injuries. This allows non-specialist trauma surgeons to become more familiar with thoracolumbar spine injuries in trauma patients and provides a framework for their management.
Drowsiness Mitigation Through Driver State Monitoring Systems: A Scoping Review
Authors: Ayas Suzan , Donmez Birsen , Tang Xing 
Published: November 2023

Objective To explore the scope of available research and to identify research gaps on in-vehicle interventions for drowsiness that utilize driver monitoring systems (DMS). Background DMS are gaining popularity as a countermeasure against drowsiness. However, how these systems can be best utilized to guide driver attention is unclear. Methods A scoping review was conducted in adherence to PRISMA guidelines. Five electronic databases (ACM Digital Library, Scopus, IEEE Xplore, TRID, and SAE Mobilus) were systematically searched in April 2022. Original studies examining in-vehicle drowsiness interventions that use DMS in a driving context (e.g., driving simulator and driver interviews) passed the screening. Data on study details, state detection methods, and interventions were extracted. Results Twenty studies qualified for inclusion. Majority of interventions involved warnings ( n = 16) with an auditory component ( n = 14). Feedback displays ( n = 4) and automation takeover ( n = 4) were also investigated. Multistage interventions ( n = 12) first cautioned the driver, then urged them to take an action, or initiated an automation takeover. Overall, interventions had a positive impact on sleepiness levels, driving performance, and user evaluations. Whether interventions effective for one type of sleepiness (e.g., passive vs. active fatigue) will perform well for another type is unclear. Conclusion Literature mainly focused on developing sensors and improving the accuracy of DMS, but not on the driver interactions with these technologies. More intervention studies are needed in general and for investigating their long-term effects. Application We list gaps and limitations in the DMS literature to guide researchers and practitioners in designing and evaluating effective safety systems for drowsy driving.
Association between religiosity/spirituality and substance use among homeless individuals
Authors: Vitorino Luciano Magalhães , Tostes Jorge Gelvane , Ferreira Júlio César Lima , de Oliveira Luiz Aurelio Gazzola , Possetti João Gabriel , Silva Marcelo Teixeira , Guimarães Mário Vicente Campos , Alckmin-Carvalho Felipe , Lucchetti Giancarlo 
Published: November 2023

Background: Alcohol and illicit drug use are prevalent among homeless people. Religiosity and spirituality (RS) have been widely associated with lower consumption of substances. However, evidence of this relationship among homeless people is still scarce. Aims: To evaluate the associations between RS and alcohol and illicit drug consumption among homeless people in a large Brazilian urban center. Method: This cross-sectional study was carried out in São Paulo city, Brazil. Aspects such as spirituality (FACIT-Sp12), religiosity (DUREL), spiritual-religious coping (Brief-RCOPE), and self-report questions concerning the current substance use (alcohol and illicit substances) were evaluated. Adjusted logistic regression models were used to assess the impact of RS beliefs on alcohol and illicit drug consumption. Results: A total of 456 homeless people were included, of an average age of 44.5 ( SD = 12.6) years. More than half of the participants consumed alcohol (55.7%) weekly and 34.2% used illicit drugs weekly. Adjusted logistic regression models identified that aspects of RS were associated with lower likelihood factors for alcohol and illicit drug use; conversely, negative spiritual religious coping (SRC) strategies were associated with a higher likelihood to use both. Conclusion: The prevalence of alcohol and illicit drug use among participants was high. RS and positive SRC were important protective factors for lower consumption of these substances. Conversely, negative SRC strategies were associated with risk factors.
Psychological Health Among Older Adults During and After Quarantine: A Multi-Method Study
Authors: Durante Angela , Klompstra Leonie , Cezón-Serrano Natalia , Deka Pallav , Arnal-Gómez Anna , Querol-Giner Felipe , Marques-Sule Elena 
Published: November 2023

Objective: Depression among older adults is a growing problem. With aging being a risk factor for COVID-19 infection, depression in this population may have been exacerbated. This study aimed to describe experiences and changes in depressive symptoms and well-being of older adults during and after the COVID-19 first wave in Spain. Methods: The study used a multi-method design. Participants self-reported depressive symptoms (Geriatric Depression Scale) and well-being (Cantril Ladder of Life). Participants were asked about changes in depressive symptoms or well-being during quarantine. If a change was perceived, they were asked to describe the change. In addition, the Patient Global Impression of Change scale was used. Both quantitative and qualitative analyses were performed on the data. Results: 111 participants (mean age: 71±5 years; 76% women) completed the study. Sixty-three percent reported mild and 2% reported major depressive symptoms. Nearly half (47.7%) reported changes in depressive symptoms during the lockdown. While 37% reported feeling better during the lockdown, about 11% reported depressive symptoms were worse now compared with during the lockdown. 60% reported worsening well-being during the quarantining period. The qualitative analysis revealed 2 main themes: (1) psychological discomfort (mood deflection, fear/worries, and boredom/inactivity) and (2) social issues (inability to go out, missing family members and others). Conclusions: Worsening depressive symptoms and lowering of well-being were noticed in this sample of older adults during and post-COVID lockdowns. Evaluation of mental health in the primary care setting and providing referrals for mental health services is essential for older adults who experienced COVID-19-related lockdowns.
Experiences of ‘virtual’ occupational therapy service delivery in Wales
Authors: Ingham Laura , Burke Jan , Purcell Catherine 
Published: November 2023

Introduction: COVID-19 accelerated the implementation of virtual working at pace, which carries the risk of missed opportunities for shared learning across organisations and services. This study therefore investigated the experiences of ‘virtual working’ among occupational therapy (OT) staff and students in Wales. The objectives were to establish the meaning of virtual working for occupational therapists (OTs), identify the perceived advantages and disadvantages of the technologies used to support virtual working and explore the specific contextual factors that impact on service delivery. Method: An online questionnaire was completed by 191 registered and unregistered OT staff and students working in Wales, and 11 semi-structured interviews were conducted in a convergent mixed methods design. Results and Findings: The questionnaire data confirmed that the use of virtual working has increased and impacts all areas of service delivery. The semi-structured interviews identified three themes: the art of OT, keeping doors open and looking forward. Conclusion: Virtual working can improve access to services, but one size does not fit all and its use in person centred care should be carefully considered. Virtual working should not compromise high quality service provision and the risks of virtual working to staff’s mental and physical health needs to be considered.
(No) Oral Health in Palliative Care Patients: Predisposing Factors and Treatment
Authors: Martins Maria de Lurdes da Costa , Barros Cláudia Gaspar Dias de 
Published: November 2023

Objective To describe mouth disorders in patients undergoing palliative care (PC); to identify predisposing factors for oral disorders and pharmacological and nonpharmacological strategies. Methods Observational, exploratory, correlational, and descriptive study about mouth disorders of patients admitted to a hospital specializing in PC in Portugal, between November 6, 2019, and July 31, 2020. The data collection instrument was a questionnaire and the consultation of the patient's clinical file. It was obtained the previous authorization of the ethics committee and the patient's informed consent. Data were analyzed using the SPSS® software (V.26). Results The sample was 46, 56.52% were over 71 years old, and the male sex ratio of 63.04%. Most of the patients had an advanced oncological disease, were polymedicated, had missing teeth, and no regular hygiene habits. Xerostomia and oral candidiasis were the most identified problems. Patients with oncological diseases have more probability to suffer from mouth disorders ( P = .047), compared to noncancer patients. Patients with frequent oral hygiene have fewer mouth disorders (rp = −0.304; P = .040). There is a considerable improvement in the tongue coating with an increase in oral hygiene ( P = .005). Mouth care plays is important in patient comfort (n = 45; 97.83%) and nonpharmacological strategies are effective for the relief of xerostomia (n = 35; 94.59%). Conclusions Nonpharmacological strategies are effective in the treatment of xerostomia and tongue coating. More information to determine the effectiveness of the strategies in the treatment of mouth disorders is necessary.
Can Facilitators’ Need for Control Influence Students’ Learning Experience through Simulation? - A Qualitative Study on Simulation in Nursing Education
Authors: Haugom Jon Viktor , Struksnes Solveig 
Published: November 2023

Background Society has an increasing demand for nurses, but the availability of clinical placements for nursing students does not keep pace with this need. As a result, the use of simulation as a supplement or replacement for clinical practice is being discussed. Simulation can be a resource-intensive learning method, making it important to consider how simulation can be organized and implemented as efficiently as possible without compromising learning outcomes. Objective To explore students' experiences with different ways of organizing simulation. Method: Qualitative design inspired by action research. A purposive sample of 24 students was selected, and data was collected through eight focus group interviews. Inductive content analysis was used for data analysis. Results Three main categories emerged: the importance of a conducive level of stress for learning, feelings of responsibility and autonomy, and constructive feedback and reflection. Conclusion The findings suggest that the presence of a facilitator in all stages of simulation may not necessarily be the most effective approach for learning. It appears that the facilitator could focus more on organizing the simulation so that all participants can actively engage, while utilizing their time to plan scenarios, establish a safe learning environment, and participate in a summary session to clarify unresolved academic questions and nursing practices
Processing Speed Deficit and Its Relationship with Math Fluency in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Lee Clara S. C. 
Published: November 2023

Objectives: (1) To determine the processing speed (PS) deficit in children with ADHD; and (2) To investigate if PS deficit was the primary cause of daily dysfunction in ADHD by testing the direct and indirect effects via working memory (WM) of PS on math fluency (MF). Method: Seventy-eight children (52 children with ADHD and 26 controls) were tested on their motor, perceptual, cognitive, and verbal PS, WM, and MF. Results: Children with ADHD performed worse than controls on all PS, suggesting a general PS deficit. Moreover, cognitive PS was a significant predictor for MF. Mediation analysis showed that cognitive PS had direct and indirect effects via WM on MF, suggesting PS deficit might be the primary cause of MF difficulties in ADHD. Conclusion: Findings of this study suggested a general PS deficit in ADHD. Due to the importance of PS in MF, interventions for MF underachievers should include assessment and training of PS.
Preschool teachers’ knowledge, beliefs, and self-efficacy concerning autism: A parallel mixed-methods study of an intervention to improve autism identification
Authors: Taresh Sahar Mohammed , Morett Laura M , Zaid Sumaia Mohammed , Roslan Samsilah , Taresh Taleb Mohammed , Song Pu , Ahmad Nor Aniza , Noman Sarah 
Published: November 2023

Preschool teachers can play a critical role in early detection of autism. Equipping preschool teachers with prerequisite knowledge and skills would allow them to identify children with probable autism and referral to diagnostic services. This study aimed to investigate the impact of an educational module (EMiASD) that prepared preschool teachers to identify autism symptoms. The sample included 144 preschool teachers, of which 120 were stratified and randomly assigned to an intervention arm receiving training in EMiASD ( n = 60) or a comparison arm receiving standard training (n = 60) using a parallel mixed-methods design. Responses to open-ended questions about video case studies revealed improvement in the identification of autism symptoms in preschool teachers in the intervention arm, in contrast to preschool teachers in the comparison arm. Moreover, significant changes in knowledge, belief, and self-efficacy about autism favoured EMiASD. Overall, these results demonstrate the influence of EMiASD in the Yemeni cultural context. Lay Abstract Preschool teachers can play a critical role in early detection of autism. Equipping preschool teachers with prerequisite knowledge and skills would allow them to identify children with probable autism and referral to diagnostic services. This study aimed to investigate the impact of an educational module (EMiASD) that prepared preschool teachers to identify autism symptoms. The sample included 144 preschool teachers, of which 120 were stratified and randomly assigned to an intervention arm receiving training in EMiASD ( n = 60) or a comparison arm receiving standard training (n = 60) using a parallel mixed-methods design. Responses to open-ended questions about video case studies revealed improvement in the identification of autism symptoms in preschool teachers in the intervention arm, in contrast to preschool teachers in the comparison arm. Moreover, significant changes in knowledge, belief, and self-efficacy about autism favoured EMiASD. Overall, these results demonstrate the influence of EMiASD in the Yemeni cultural context.
A Rare Cause of Recurrent Pain in Athletes: Synovial Hemangioma
Authors: de Andrade Marco A. P. , Reis Igor G. N. , de Andrade Luciene Mota , de Oliveira Campos Túlio Vinícius , Pimenta Frederico Silva , Abreu e Silva Guilherme Moreira de 
Published: November 2023

Background: Synovial hemangioma is a rare neoplastic lesion, which can result in recurrent hemarthrosis and pain. It can affect any joint, tendon, or bursa, withal those around the knee. The intra-articular lesion is more prevalent and is more frequently diagnosed in female children or young adults. Indications: Surgery is indicated when patients present with recurrent painful hemarthrosis that affect daily living and functionality. Technique Description: Diagnostic knee arthroscopy, initially without tourniquet inflation, was performed to detect and study the extent of the lesion. Afterwards, the tourniquet was inflated to proceed with the surgical excision. Medial parapatellar approach was performed, and limits of the hemangioma were identified. Wide resection was performed taking care to not damage the medial meniscus and medial condyle cartilage. Neoplastic lesion was sent to pathology analysis. The tourniquet was deflated and hemostasis checked because these lesions can present extensive bleeding. Results: Localized, well-circumscribed, and encapsulated lesions have been reported to usually present low recurrence rate when completely excised. Discussion/Conclusion: It is a rare disease, and around 200 cases have been reported; therefore, conclusions about treatment and outcomes rely mostly on case series and case reports. Early diagnosis and treatment are paramount to prevent degenerative changes secondary to recurrent hemarthrosis. Patient Consent Disclosure Statement: The author(s) attests that consent has been obtained from any patient(s) appearing in this publication. If the individual may be identifiable, the author(s) has included a statement of release or other written form of approval from the patient(s) with this submission for publication.
Long-term effectiveness of eptinezumab in patients with migraine and prior preventive treatment failures: extension of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ashina Messoud , Tepper Stewart J. , Gendolla Astrid , Sperling Bjørn , Ettrup Anders , Josiassen Mette Krog , Starling Amaal J. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Eptinezumab demonstrated efficacy in adults with migraine and prior preventive treatment failures in the placebo-controlled phase of the DELIVER clinical trial; its long-term effectiveness in this population has not yet been reported. The objective of this study was to evaluate the long-term effectiveness of eptinezumab in a migraine patient population during the 48-week extension phase of DELIVER.

Methods
DELIVER was conducted June 1, 2020 to September 15, 2022. 865 adults with migraine, with documented evidence of 2–4 prior preventive migraine treatment failures and with completion of the 24-week placebo-controlled period of DELIVER received eptinezumab (100 or 300 mg) during the dose-blinded extension, either continuing their randomized dose or, if originally receiving placebo, were randomized 1:1 to an eptinezumab dose (100 or 300 mg). A mixed model for repeated measures was used to evaluate changes from baseline in the number of monthly migraine days (MMDs).

Results
Of 865 patients entering the extension (eptinezumab 100 mg, n = 433; 300 mg, n = 432), 782 (90.4%) completed and 11 (1.3%) discontinued due to an adverse event. Eptinezumab was associated with early and sustained reductions in migraine frequency. Mean MMDs at baseline were approximately 14 days across groups. Mean (standard error) change from baseline in MMDs over the final dosing interval (weeks 61–72) was −6.4 (0.50) with placebo/eptinezumab 100 mg, –7.3 (0.49) with placebo/eptinezumab 300 mg, –7.1 (0.39) with eptinezumab 100 mg, and −7.0 (0.39) with eptinezumab 300 mg. During weeks 61–72, 63–70% of patients demonstrated ≥ 50% reduction in MMDs, and 36–45% demonstrated ≥ 75% reduction. Headache severity and acute medication use reductions, and patient-reported improvements in most bothersome symptom, disease status, quality of life, and work productivity, were observed. Adverse events were generally mild, transient, and similar in frequency/type to previous eptinezumab trials.

Conclusions
The long-term effectiveness and safety/tolerability of eptinezumab in patients with migraine and 2–4 prior preventive treatment failures was demonstrated by high completion rates and migraine-preventive benefits sustained for up to 18 months, implying that eptinezumab is a viable long-term treatment option for patients still seeking successful migraine treatments.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier: NCT04418765; URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04418765); EudraCT (Identifier: 2019-004497-25; URL: https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr-search/search?query=2019-004497-25).

Graphical Abstract
Can polygenic risk scores help explain disease prevalence differences around the world? A worldwide investigation
Authors: Jain Pritesh R. , Burch Myson , Martinez Melanie , Mir Pablo , Fichna Jakub P. , Zekanowski Cezary , Rizzo Renata , Tümer Zeynep , Barta Csaba , Yannaki Evangelia , Stamatoyannopoulos John , Drineas Petros , Paschou Peristera 
Published: November 2023

AbstractComplex disorders are caused by a combination of genetic, environmental and lifestyle factors, and their prevalence can vary greatly across different populations. The extent to which genetic risk, as identified by Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS), correlates to disease prevalence in different populations has not been investigated systematically. Here, we studied 14 different complex disorders and explored whether polygenic risk scores (PRS) based on current GWAS correlate to disease prevalence within Europe and around the world. A clear variation in GWAS-based genetic risk was observed based on ancestry and we identified populations that have a higher genetic liability for developing certain disorders. We found that for four out of the 14 studied disorders, PRS significantly correlates to disease prevalence within Europe. We also found significant correlations between worldwide disease prevalence and PRS for eight of the studied disorders with Multiple Sclerosis genetic risk having the highest correlation to disease prevalence. Based on current GWAS results, the across population differences in genetic risk for certain disorders can potentially be used to understand differences in disease prevalence and identify populations with the highest genetic liability. The study highlights both the limitations of PRS based on current GWAS but also the fact that in some cases, PRS may already have high predictive power. This could be due to the genetic architecture of specific disorders or increased GWAS power in some cases.