bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Literature and Religion, 1798–1923
Authors: Vance Norman 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter argues that, despite ecclesiastical hostility to plays and even to the novel, imaginative literature, from the poetry and prose of Thomas Moore to James Joyce, absorbed and sometimes challenged or transformed religious and pastoral concerns with history, society, and the inner life. The best writing successfully negotiated the economic problems of Irish publishing and often short-lived Irish journals and could range beyond the divisive limitations as well as literary opportunities of denominational, sometimes sectarian, issues such as anti-Catholicism and ‘prophecies’ of Catholic or Protestant triumph. Poems, and hymns, original or translated from Latin or Irish, could be of broader religious and general interest, made available in generously inclusive collections. Across a wide range of texts and contexts common themes emerge: historical memory, particularly of the United Irishmen, the problems of priestly or ministerial vocations, mixed marriage, sectarian antagonisms, and rebellion against religious discipline and authority.
Urbanization and the Urban Model in Pre-Roman Italy
Authors: Bourdin Stéphane 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Cities appeared in pre-Roman Italy at different rates between the eighth and sixth centuries BCE. Latium, Etruria, and Campania, which benefited from the influx of wealth from the east, configured themselves early as city states; the inland areas of the Apennines and the Alps developed urban forms later through alternative formulae focused on settlements of lesser importance or lesser monumentality that nevertheless performed the same political, religious, economic, and social functions as the coastal cities. From the second half of the fourth century, Rome began to influence urban development in Italy. This chapter examines the literary sources and, more importantly, the archaeological evidence to trace the evolution of urbanization on the peninsula.
The Umbrians
Authors: Amann Petra 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The core area of the Umbrian peoples in inner central Italy was enlarged by expansion into the southern Po Plain and the nearby Adriatic region from the sixth century BCE. The existence of easily traversed passes over the Apennines was of particular significance for the cultural and historical development of the Umbrian peoples. Central settlements emerged, and the influence of the nearby Etruscans often played an important role. In the late fourth century, the defense against Rome began, which saw several military coalitions between Umbrians and Etruscans, and even with Celts and Samnites. The following phase of increasing Roman influence culminated in the legal integration of the Umbrian populi into the Roman citizenry as a result of the Social War.
Magistrates and Political Institutions
Authors: Maggiani Adriano 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The central southern region of Italy was made up of a multiplicity of populations who spoke different languages and dialects. Apart from a few common features, they did not show the same level of development in synchrony, either with regard to the forms of the settlements or the institutions. It has been argued that there were original magistracy systems among the Italic peoples, autonomous from the Roman magistracy, but many of the titles are considered definite borrowings from Latin. This chapter examines the institutional systems and the magistracies of the Etruscan and Italic populations living in this area in pre-Roman times.
Family Structures
Authors: Benelli Enrico 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The role of the individual in pre-Roman society was defined primarily by the family, not only in Etruria but in most—if not all—of the cultures of the Italian peninsula. This family-based social structure is entirely consistent with the use of the nomen gentilicium, the family name transmitted through patrilineal descent—a convention that was shared by all peoples of Italy (at least, those south of the Po River), regardless of their differences in language and culture; this practice was completely unknown elsewhere. This chapter examines Etruscan epigraphy, which was conceived to serve the self-representation needs of prominent families.
Spectacles and Games Prior to the Emergence of “Roman Drama”
Authors: Manuwald Gesine 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In the period roughly between the fifth and third centuries BCE, Italy saw a diverse range of public performance types and traditions, all of which were in different ways precursors of the main forms of dramatic performance known for Rome. This chapter covers performances of Greek characters in Italy and Sicily, as well as the traditions among the Etruscans, Oscans, and other peoples in Italy (notably the fabulae Atellanae and Rhinthonica). Such a perspective makes it possible to identify further possible links (beyond the Greek model) to the later situation in republican Rome, after dramatic performances with a coherent plot were introduced.
Italy and Its Islands
Authors: De Vido Stefania 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Most commonly in the ancient world, an Italy was imagined that had the islands as an active and probably necessary—though very distinct—counterpart. Italy and its islands were actors in the long-term processes that we have learned to interpret according to the model of Mediterranean connectivity, but they were rooted quite early in the fabric of the local reality—modeled from the inside—that articulated the political body and generated new social and economic realities that found expression in the tyrannies, as witnessed by Thucydides in Book I (1.13.2). This chapter seeks to convey the unique psychology behind the relationship between Italy, Sicily, Sardinia, and Corsica.
The Many Facets of Black-Gloss Pottery
Authors: Roth Roman 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The beginnings of Italian black-gloss pottery production date back to the late archaic period, when an increasing amount of Atticizing pottery began to be made, especially in Etruria and the cities of Magna Graecia. Even though black-gloss pottery did not originate in Rome itself, from the mid-fourth century BCE onward the trade flows responsible for its spread are associated with the emergence of Rome as a significant power. This chapter provides an overview of the main types of black-gloss wares and their chronologies, as well as a synopsis of the most important approaches to the material as evidence for historical processes.
The Italic Herakles/Hercle/Hercules
Authors: Schwarz Shirley J. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In Italic myth and imagery, the beginnings of Hercules can be traced to the Greek Heracles; in Italy, he developed a complexity far beyond that of his origins. This perhaps can be explained by the combination of migratory waves of Greek merchants and colonists of Achaean and Euboean descent with Italy’s rich agriculture, extensive mineral wealth, and vibrant international trade. Largely formulaic, the early legends (no doubt Greek colonial propaganda) depict his exploits in eliminating monsters, wild beasts, and vicious and uncivilized adversaries of all kinds, while at the same time undertaking creative purification and reclamation work, and reorganizing landscapes and culture, all while benefiting mankind. This chapter provides a focused exploration of his importance to rulers, his relationship to Hera/Uni/Juno, and the Italic spread of his worship.
Effectively financing private sector innovation? Toward a conceptual policy framework
Authors: Jansen Alix , Breznitz Dan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Our understanding of innovation policies has been enhanced. However, there is still a gap in conceptualizing the effectiveness of one of innovation policy’s most important tools: financial incentives (FIs). Scholars developed an understanding of the effectiveness of direct versus indirect FIs, but there is no clear theoretical framework that delineates what kind of financial instruments impact what kind of innovation under what conditions. This paper analyzes the different working and operational logic of the wide array of employed FI worldwide to develop what is, to the best of our knowledge, the first conceptual framework discerning what financial tools fit what aims and contexts. This framework allows the development of testable hypotheses as well as the development of incentives tailored differently for different national innovation missions and market structures, suggesting that the growing reliance among OECD countries on indirect FIs in the form of tax incentives is less then optimal.
Heuristics on Call: The Impact of Mobile-Phone-Based Business-Management Advice
Authors: Cole Shawn , Joshi Mukta , Schoar Antoinette 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
There is growing evidence that business training for micro-entrepreneurs can be effective. However, in-person training can be expensive and imposes costs on the target beneficiaries. This paper presents the results of a two-site randomized evaluation of a light-touch, mobile-phone-based business-training service for micro-entrepreneurs in India and the Philippines. The results show that the training had a statistically significant impact on the adoption of improved business practices, with an increase of 0.06 to 0.12 standard deviation points when considering a binary indicator of business practices. The study finds no evidence of impacts on business sales or profits, though the confidence intervals are wide enough to include meaningful effect sizes (positive or negative). These results suggest that mobile-phone-based training can be a cost-effective and scalable way to impart business skills to micro-entrepreneurs.
Regulating Direct-to-Consumer Polygenic Risk Scores
Authors: Sherkow Jacob S. , Park Jin K. , Lu Christine Y. 
Published: February 2024

(Abstracted from JAMA 2023;330:691–692)
Polygenic risk scores (PGSs) are genome-wide measurements of an individual's genetic propensities or predispositions, and tests have been recently made more accessible and results more available to consumers. With most genetic tests, a healthcare provider helps consumers to interpret results as they relate to medical conditions, but more and more frequently direct-to-consumer PGSs (DTC-PGS) are unregulated.
Efficacy and Safety of Botulinum Toxin Type A in the Treatment of Trigeminal Neuralgia
Authors: Hu Xinyu , Xia Yun , Li Jingwen , Wang Xinyi , Liu Hanshu , Hu Jichuan , Bi Juan , Wu Jing , Wang Tao , Lin Zhicheng , Xiong Nian 
Published: February 2024

Objective:
This review aims to analyze the current data for the use of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia (TN) and highlight the evidence for its efficacy and safety. Pain management in patients with TN is challenging, as facial pain often does not respond well to conventional therapies. BTX-A has been suggested as a potential treatment option, but there is limited evidence regarding its long-term efficacy.

Methods:
A comprehensive search was conducted in various databases (PubMed, Scopus, Embase, ClinicalTrials and Cochrane Library) to identify clinical studies evaluating the use of BTX-A in TN until October 2023. Randomized controlled trials, single-arm studies, and stratified studies were included in the analysis. The mean difference (MD), effect size (ES), and 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated for visual analogue scale (VAS) scores, pain attack frequency and the proportion of responders.

Results:
The analysis included 23 studies, including four randomized controlled trials, fourteen single-arm studies, and five stratified studies. In the randomized controlled trials, BTX-A was found to significantly reduce mean VAS scores compared to baseline (ES: -4.05; 95% CI: -6.13, -1.97; P=0.002). In nineteen non-RCTs, the pooled single-arm analysis revealed that BTX-A decreased VAS scores (ES: -5.19, 95% CI: -6.05, -4.33, P<0.001) and pain attack frequency (ES: -17.85, 95% CI: -23.36, -12.34, P<0.001) from baseline to the end of follow-up. The overall proportion of responders to BTX-A treatment was also significant (95%CI: 0.653, 0.761, P=0.003).

Discussion:
Current evidence indicated BTX-A injection is an effective and safety option for patients with refractory TN or not responding to medical or surgical management. However, more high-quality studies are needed to further confirm its efficacy.
The Narrowband CE-Chirp Stimulus Does Not Necessarily Produce More Robust Cervical Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potential
Authors: Zakaria Mohd Normani , Salim Rosdan , Anual Muhammad Shafiq Imran , Patuzzi Robert 
Published: February 2024

Objective:
Various studies have been conducted to search for the most optimal stimulus for eliciting cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential (cVEMP). More recently, there is a growing interest to study the usefulness of chirp stimuli in cVEMP recording. Nevertheless, contradictory outcomes have been reported across the studies, and further research with larger samples would be beneficial to provide better insight into this matter. As such, the present study was carried out to compare cVEMP results between narrowband (NB) CE-Chirp (centered at 500 Hz) and 500 Hz tone burst stimuli.

Design:
In this study that employed a comparative study design, 98 normally hearing adults aged between 19 and 24 years were enrolled. All of them underwent the cVEMP testing based on the recommended test protocol. The stimuli were a 500 Hz tone burst and a NB CE-Chirp (360–720 Hz) presented through insert earphones at an intensity level of 120.5 dB peSPL.

Results:
For each stimulus, cVEMP results did not differ significantly between the ears (p > 0.05). Relative to the 500 Hz tone burst, the NB CE-Chirp stimulus produced statistically shorter P1 and N1 latencies (p < 0.001). On the other hand, P1-N1 amplitude was found to be comparable between the two stimuli (p > 0.05).

Conclusions:
The present study did not find any supporting evidence that the NB CE-Chirp stimulus (centered at 500 Hz) outperformed the conventional 500 Hz tone burst in the cVEMP testing. Both stimuli are considered equally appropriate to record cVEMP responses in clinical settings.
A Natural Flat Volumized Lips Filler Technique: Retrospective Analysis of 920 Patients
Authors: Ozturk Melike Kibar , Kibar Guzin Ayse Kubra 
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND
Traditionally, hyaluronidase (HYAL) is used after hyaluronic acid (HA) injection to dissolve the undesired migration of product.

OBJECTIVE
To describe a novel lip augmentation technique that uses HA and HYAL simultaneously in patients who previously had HA migration.

METHODS AND MATERIALS
Nine hundred twenty female patients were included. In the first group (n = 793), HA injections were performed in subcutaneous plane of the lips. In the second group who had previous product migration (n = 127), 7.5 units of HYAL is injected in 4 points in ergotrid area before proceeding with HA injection.

RESULTS
The medicis lip fullness scale scores after 2 weeks improved in all patients, while 92% of patients perceived the results as “very much improved” with Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (p ˂ .001). There was no difference between 2 groups regarding the patient satisfaction rates (p ˃.05), while filler migration was seen in 0.2% (n: 15) of patients in the first group during the follow-up period.

CONCLUSION
The new vertical injection approach provided an increased vertical height, optimal eversion, and an incisor display on the lips. The simultaneous use of HYAL before HA injection seems to be a safe and effective practice in 1-stage treatment of the previously injected lips with filler migration into ergotrid area.
The role of genetic testing in Marfan syndrome
Authors: Monda Emanuele , Caiazza Martina , Limongelli Giuseppe 
Published: February 2024

Purpose of review
This review aims to delineate the genetic basis of Marfan syndrome (MFS) and underscore the pivotal role of genetic testing in the diagnosis, differential diagnosis, genotype–phenotype correlations, and overall disease management.

Recent findings
The identification of pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in the FBN1 gene, associated with specific clinical features such as aortic root dilatation or ectopia lentis, is a major diagnostic criterion for MFS. Understanding genotype–phenotype correlations is useful for determining the timing of follow-up, guiding prophylactic aortic root surgery, and providing more precise information to patients and their family members during genetic counseling. Genetic testing is also relevant in distinguishing MFS from other conditions that present with heritable thoracic aortic diseases, allowing for tailored and individualized management.

Summary
Genetic testing is essential in different steps of the MFS patients’ clinical pathway, starting from the phase of diagnosis to management and specific treatment.
Leveraging Ethnic Backgrounds to Improve Collection of Race, Ethnicity, and Language Data
Authors: Hussain Cory , Podewils Laura J. , Wittmer Nancy , Boyer Ann , Marin Maria C. , Hanratty Rebecca L. , Hasnain-Wynia Romana 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Healthcare disparities may be exacerbated by upstream incapacity to collect high-quality and accurate race, ethnicity, and language (REaL) data. There are opportunities to remedy these data barriers. We present the Denver Health (DH) REaL initiative, which was implemented in 2021.

Methods:
Denver Health is a large safety net health system. After assessing the state of REaL data at DH, we developed a standard script, implemented training, and adapted our electronic health record to collect this information starting with an individual's ethnic background followed by questions on race, ethnicity, and preferred language. We analyzed the data for completeness after REaL implementation.

Results:
A total of 207,490 patients who had at least one in-person registration encounter before and after the DH REaL implementation were included in our analysis. There was a significant decline in missing values for race (7.9%–0.5%, p < .001) and for ethnicity (7.6%–0.3%, p < .001) after implementation. Completely of language data also improved (3%–1.6%, p < .001). A year after our implementation, we knew over 99% of our cohort's self-identified race and ethnicity.

Conclusions:
Our initiative significantly reduced missing data by successfully leveraging ethnic background as the starting point of our REaL data collection.
Timing of Colposcopy and Risk of Cervical Cancer
Authors: Alimena Stephanie , Lykken Jacquelyn M. , Tiro Jasmin A. , Chubak Jessica , Kamineni Aruna , Haas Jennifer S. , Werner Claudia , Kobrin Sarah C. , Feldman Sarah 
Published: February 2024

(Abstracted from Obstet Gynecol 2023;142:1125–1134)
Recommended testing for cervical cancer includes colposcopy after abnormal Pap or human papillomavirus (HPV) test results. This method is designed to diagnose cervical cancers early and to additionally detect precancerous tissue before it becomes cancerous.
A new approach for the flashover voltage prediction using an arc propagation reproduction on a high-voltage insulator
Authors: Doufene Dyhia , Benharat Samira , Essmine Abdelmoumen , Bouzegaou Oussama , Bouazabia Slimane 
Published: February 2024

Purpose
This paper aims to introduce a new numerical model that predicts the flashover voltage (FOV) value in the presence of polluted air surrounding a high-voltage insulator. The model focuses on simulating the propagation of arcs and aims to improve the accuracy and reliability of FOV predictions under these specific conditions.

Design/methodology/approach
This arc propagation method connecting the high voltage fitting and the grounded insulator cap involves a two-step process. First, the electric field distribution in the vicinity of the insulator is obtained using finite element method analysis software. Subsequently, critical areas with intense electric field strength are identified. Random points within these critical areas are then selected as initial points for simulating the growth of electric arcs.

Findings
by increasing the electric voltage applied to the insulator fittings, the arc path is, step by step, generated until a breakdown occurs on the polluted air surrounding the insulator surface, and thus a prediction of the FOV value.

Practical implications
The proposed model for the FOV prediction can be a very interesting alternative to dangerous and costly experimental tests requiring an investment in time and materials.

Originality/value
Some works were done trying to reproduce discharge propagation but it was always with simplified models such as propagation in one direction from a point to a plane. The difficulty and the originality of the present work is the geometry complexity of the insulator with arc propagation in three distinct directions that will require several proliferation conditions.
Individual and interlinked SDGs: higher education institutions and metro area sustainability performance
Authors: Vien Ha , Galik Christopher S. 
Published: February 2024

Purpose
Recent scholarship has explored higher education institutions’ (HEIs) role in transitioning to a sustainable society, but empirically, questions remain regarding their impact on the sustainability of surrounding areas. This study aims to examine the correlation between HEIs’ sustainability actions and local sustainability performance.

Design/methodology/approach
This study uses a linear regression model and principal component analysis to examine the sustainability performance of 105 US metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) using the US cities sustainable development goal (SDG) index, which hosts 427 HEIs known for sustainability efforts. The weighted HEI sustainability performance score is calculated based on the QS sustainability universities ranking.

Findings
The correlation between MSA and HEI sustainability performance exhibits a mix of positive and negative associations, with individual and interlinked SDGs serving as proxies. These correlations encompass a wide range of goals, from economic aspects of SDG 1, 2, 3, 7, 9, social aspects of SDG10 and 16, to socio-environmental aspects of SDG12.

Research limitations/implications
Further exploration is needed to identify the causal mechanisms behind associations between SDG measures and HEI sustainability performance, whether influenced by the institution, the individual or both.

Practical implications
This study suggests that HEIs are already associated with some aspects of community sustainability, but greater contributions to a broader array of sustainability measures are possible.

Social implications
The correlation found between HEI sustainability actions and SDG10, 12 and 16 index performance in an MSA highlights a connection between HEIs and the attainment of societal goals.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to examine the correlation between HEI and MSA sustainability performance in the US through individual and interlinked SDG proxies. It provides novel empirical evidence that demonstrates an association between HEI and some aspects of community sustainability performance.