bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolic Pathways for Removing Reactive Aldehydes are Diminished in Atrophic Muscle During Heart Failure
Authors: Chaudhari Mamata , Zelko Igor , Lorkiewicz Pawel , Hoetker David , Doelling Benjamin , Brittian Kenneth , Bhatnagar Aruni , Srivast Sanjay , Baba Shahid P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background: Muscle wasting is a serious complication in heart failure patients, and oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of muscle wasting. Oxidative stress leads to the formation of toxic lipid peroxidation products, such as 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) and acrolein, which causemuscle wasting. In tissues, these toxic aldehydes are metabolically removed by enzymes such asaldo keto reductases and endogenous nucleophiles, such as glutathione and carnosine. Whether these metabolic pathways could be affected in skeletal muscle during heart failure has never been studied.
Methods: Male wild-type C57BL/6J mice were subjected to a pressure overload model of hypertrophy by transaortic constriction (TAC) surgery, and echocardiography was performed after 14 weeks. Different skeletal muscle beds were weighed and analyzed for atrophic and inflammatory markers, Atrogin1 and TRIM63, TNF-α and IL-6, respectively, by RT‒PCR. Levels of acrolein and HNE-protein adducts, aldehyde-removing enzymes, aldose reductase (AKR1B1) and aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) were measured by Western blotting, and histidyl dipeptides and histidyl dipeptide aldehyde conjugates were analyzed by LC/MS-MS in the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles of sham- and TAC-operated mice. Furthermore, histidyl dipeptide synthesizing enzyme carnosine synthase (CARNS) and amino acid transporters (PEPT2 and TAUT)wasmeasured in the gastrocnemius muscles of the sham and TAC-operated mice.
Results: TAC-induced heart failure decreases body weight and gastrocnemius and soleus muscle weights. The expression of the atrophic and inflammatory markers Atrogin1 and TNF-α, respectively, wasincreased (~1.5-2-fold), and the formation of HNE and acrolein-protein adducts was increased in the gastrocnemius muscle of TAC-operated mice. The expression of AKR1B1 remained unchanged, whereas ALDH2 was decreased, in the gastrocnemius muscle of TAC mice. Similarly, in the atrophic gastrocnemius muscle, levels of total histidyl dipeptides (carnosine and anserine) and, in particular,carnosine were decreased. Depletion of histidyl dipeptides diminished the aldehyde removal capacity of the atrophic gastrocnemius muscle. Furthermore, the expression of CARNS and TAUT wasdecreased in the atrophic gastrocnemius muscle.
Conclusions: Collectively, these results show that metabolic pathways involved in the removal of lipid peroxidation products and synthesis of histidyl dipeptides are diminished in atrophic skeletal muscle during heart failure, which could contribute to muscle atrophy.
Exploring Intermediate Paradigms: A Comparative Analysis of Shuffle and Pan-Private Models in Differential Privacy with Emphasis on Trust Levels, Engineering, and Mathematical Perspectives
Authors: Diyora Vishal , Savani Nilesh 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Differential privacy, a vital concept in data privacy protection, has seen various paradigms emerge, ranging from centralized to localized approaches. This research explores two intermediate models known as the shuffle and pan-private models. These models bridge the gap between central curation and local user-centric data randomization, each offering a distinct balance between privacy and statistical utility. We delve into the necessity for different trust levels in these models, considering both engineering and mathematical viewpoints. In addition, we present a comparative analysis of the two models to clarify their differences.
Whole blood vs serum-derived exosomes for host and pathogen-specific tuberculosis biomarker identification: RNA-seq based machine learning approach
Authors: Magana-Arachchi Dhammika , Madegedara Dushantha , Bandara Upeka 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is a successful intracellular pathogen that causes tuberculosis (TB) and remains a leading infectious disease responsible for millions of deaths. RNA sequencing is a rapidly growing technique and a great approach to understanding host and pathogen cross-talks via transcriptional responses in diverse biological samples. Even though RNA-seq studies are limited in application due to the high costs involved, this study suggests the collective need for extensive whole blood and exosome-based RNA-seq studies to understand the complete picture of the host and pathogen interplay during the TB infection through a machine learning approach. During the study, host-derived differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in both whole blood and exosomes, whilst exosomes were successful in identifying pathogen-derived DEGs only in latent TB (LTB) individuals. The majority of the DEGs in whole blood were up-regulated between active TB (ATB) and healthy individuals (HC), and ATB and LTB, while down-regulated between LTB and HC, which was vice versa for the exosomes, showing the different mechanisms played in response to different states of TB infection across the two different biological samples. The pathway analysis revealed that whole blood gene signatures were mainly involved in the host immune responses, whilst the exosomal gene signatures were involved in manipulating the host’s cellular responses and Mtb survival. Overall, identifying both host and pathogen-derived gene signatures in different biological samples for intracellular pathogens like Mtb is vital to decipher the complex interplay between the host and the pathogen, ultimately leading to more successful future interventions.
A retrospective comparative study of mid-term outcomes of laparoscopic vaginal stump–round (Kakinuma method) and stump–uterosacral (Shull method) ligament fixation for pelvic organ prolapse
Authors: Kakinuma Toshiyuki , Kakinuma Kaoru , Ueyama Kyouhei , Shinohara Takumi , Okamoto Rora , Imai Ken , Takeshima Nobuhiro , Yanagida Kaoru , Ohwada Michitaka 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background: Laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy (LSC) and robot-assisted sacrocolpopexy (RSC) using mesh are popular approaches for treating pelvic organ prolapse (POP). However, it is not uncommon that native tissue repair (NTR) should be presented as an option to patients who are expected to have extensive intraperitoneal adhesion or patients for whom LSC or RSC is difficult owing to various risk factors. Laparoscopic vaginal stump–uterosacral ligament fixation (Shull method) has been introduced as a method for NTR in case of POP. However, effective repair using this surgical procedure may not be possible in severe POPs. To solve the problems of the Shull method, we devised the laparoscopic vaginal stump–round ligament fixation (Kakinuma method) in which the vaginal stump is fixed to the uterine round ligament, a histologically strong tissue positioned anatomically higher than the uterosacral ligament. This study aimed to retrospectively and clinically compare the two methods. Methods Of the 78 patients who underwent surgery for POP between January 2017 and June 2022 and postoperative follow-up for at least a year, 40 patients who underwent the Shull method (Shull group) and 38 who underwent the Kakinuma method (Kakinuma group) were retrospectively analyzed. Results No significant differences were observed between the two groups in patient background variables such as mean age, parity, body mass index, and POP-Q stage. The mean operative duration and mean blood loss in the Shull group were 140.5 ± 31.3 min and 91.3 ± 95.0 ml, respectively, whereas the respective values in the Kakinuma group were 114.3 ± 21.9 min and 26.5 ± 39.7 ml, respectively. Thus, compared with the Shull group, the operative duration was significantly shorter (P < 0.001) and blood loss was significantly less (P = 0.003) in the Kakinuma group. Recurrence was observed in six patients (15.0%) in the Shull group and two patients (5.3%) in the Kakinuma group. Hence, compared with the Shull group, recurrence was significantly less in the Kakinuma group (P = 0.015). No patients experienced perioperative complications in either group. Conclusions The results suggest that the Kakinuma method can serve as a novel and viable NTR procedure for POP.
Telehealth Adoption Among Women Post-COVID-19: Barriers, Benefits, and Long-Term Feasibility
Authors: Sadiq Alaa M. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

This study, conducted between 2022 and 2023, investigates the adoption and impact of telehealth services among women in Iraq post-COVID-19, focusing on the barriers, benefits, and long-term feasibility. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the research combined quantitative data from surveys with qualitative insights from interviews and focus groups, involving 500 women from diverse regions of Iraq. Throughout 2022 and 2023, the study assessed the extent of telehealth adoption among Iraqi women, considering a range of demographic factors, including age, socioeconomic status, and healthcare needs. Quantitative data analysis was used to identify trends in telehealth usage and influencing factors, while qualitative analysis offered an in-depth understanding of women's experiences and perceptions. The findings reveal a marked increase in telehealth adoption among Iraqi women since the COVID-19 pandemic. However, significant barriers were identified, including technological limitations, gaps in digital literacy, cultural reservations, and concerns about privacy and care quality. Despite these challenges, many participants reported notable benefits of telehealth, such as improved access to healthcare services, especially for women in remote or underserved areas, and convenience in receiving medical consultations. The research also delved into the long-term feasibility of telehealth within the Iraqi healthcare context, considering aspects such as infrastructure development, policy frameworks, and educational initiatives for users. The study concludes that while there are substantial hurdles to surmount, the advantages of telehealth, particularly in enhancing healthcare accessibility for women, are significant. To maximize the effectiveness and adoption of telehealth services in Iraq, strategic investments in technological infrastructure, coupled with targeted educational programs and policy reform, are essential.
The social problems of older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: niksolat Maryam 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has devastated the healthcare system by exhausting all the available and reserved resources, leading to a global apocalypse menacing the lives of vulnerable human populations. The elderly proved their vulnerability since the chance of infection, developing severe symptoms, and the risk of death in case of virus exposure was considerably higher. Not only were senior citizens at higher risk of being physically affected by COVID, but they also faced more social and mental problems in the COVID-19 era. Social distancing and the COVID lockdown brought about unprecedented social isolation for one and all, but the consequences were more severe for older adults than others. During the pandemic, older people, more than other age groups, reported a feeling of loneliness, symptoms of depression and anxiety as well as sleep problems. They, more than ever, faced ageism, discrimination, and elder abuse; however, it has been more severe for those living alone or in a nursing home or suffering from chronic conditions and dementia, as well as gender minorities. Moreover, not all elderly individuals can cope with technology and virtual communication as a replacement for their connections and relationships with others. In contrast, other generations are more digitally literate and more welcoming to technology. In essence, social isolation and its consequences are more severe for senior citizens; thus, policymakers must find practical plans to meet older adults’ needs by considering these characteristics.
Springing into caves: the dynamics of cave roost use by bats in the Central Himalayas of Nepal.
Authors: Baniya Sanjeev , Neupane Kushal , Thaker Maria , Goswami Varun R , Ramachandran Vivek 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

The seasonal use of caves by bats can be attributed to physiologically demanding activities like mating and reproductions or torpor. Although cave use varies intra- and inter-specifically in bats, the microclimatic characteristics of roost sites have significant implications for the fitness of bat populations. As these microclimates are increasingly influenced by surface level climatic changes, understanding the current patterns of cave utilization is crucial to assess the impact of climate change on bats. Therefore, we monitored cave temperatures and studied the diversity and abundance of bats in 41 caves across a seasonal (mid-winter, late-winter and early-spring) and an elevational (400 to 2700 meters above sea level) gradient in the Central Himalayas. The richness and abundance of bat species exhibited seasonal variations, with more species and individuals present during early spring (n = 15) compared to mid-winter (n = 9). Species richness exhibited a linear decline with elevation in mid-winter, but remained relatively stable until 900 msl and then declined in late-winter and early-spring. Furthermore, species such as Hipposideros armiger (20.14 ± 1.60°C in spring and 17.97 ± 0.88°C in mid-winter), Rhinolophus affinis (19.98 ± 1.76°C in spring and 16.18 ± 3.09°C in mid-winter) and Rhinolophus cf. pusillus (19.55 ± 1.64°C in spring and 15.43 ± 2.87°C in mid-winter) preferred warmer microclimates during early-spring compared to mid-winter. This season- and species- specific cave use suggests that even minor fluctuations in cave temperatures could potentially alter the composition of bat communities inside caves. We recommend that long-term studies in such highly diverse climate vulnerable areas would help understand and predict the responses of cave-dwelling bats to climate change.
Current Issues Faced by Controllers
Authors: Bucaro Anthony C. , Wilks T. Jeffrey , Yust Christopher G. 
Published: November 2023

SYNOPSIS
We conduct a series of semistructured interviews with controllers and chief accounting officers from large public and private companies—over half are Fortune 500—to identify the current issues faced by the controllership function. We map these issues into the Institute of Management Accountants (IMA) Management Accounting Competencies and highlight recent research that addresses these issues and where there are gaps. Our findings suggest three IMA competencies that weigh heavily on controllers’ minds: (1) collaboration, teamwork, and relationship management; (2) information systems and technology; and (3) talent management. Finally, we describe how the insights from controllers suggest important improvements to accounting curriculum that can better prepare students for the rapidly changing profession.
JEL Classifications: J00; L00; M10; M12; M14; M15; M40; M48.
Artificial Intelligence’s Capabilities, Limitations, and Impact on Accounting Education: Investigating ChatGPT’s Performance on Educational Accounting Cases
Authors: Cheng Xu , Dunn Ryan , Holt Travis , Inger Kerry , Jenkins J. Gregory , Jones Jefferson , Long James H. , Loraas Tina , Mathis Mollie , Stanley Jonathan , Wood David A. 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
This study evaluates the capabilities of ChatGPT models 3.5 and 4 to provide solutions to seven educational accounting cases. We find that ChatGPT’s ability to provide accurate solutions varies depending on the type of case requirement, with better performance on tasks requiring elements that require explanation, application of rules, and ethical evaluation using a framework. However, ChatGPT performs relatively poorly on tasks that require financial statement creation, journal entries, or software use. Our study also finds that detection tools provided by ChatGPT’s developer are ineffective in identifying text created by artificial intelligence text generators (AITG). These quantitative results, although limited in generalizability, illustrate the current “state of the art” and allow us to suggest ways in which instructors can structure assignments to reduce the effectiveness of AITGs in subverting the learning process and ways in which instructors can incorporate AITGs into assignment requirements to help students attain desired educational outcomes.
Takeover Threats, Job Security Concerns, and Earnings Management
Authors: Sul Edward S. 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
Using the staggered adoption of takeover laws, this study examines implications of takeover threats on earnings management around the world. I find that the enactment of takeover legislation leads to increased earnings management (abnormally high accruals, target beating, and poor accruals quality). Results are driven by underperforming managers with higher turnover risk in countries with high increases in turnover sensitivity to performance, indicating job security concerns as the channel through which takeover laws increase earnings management. Furthermore, results are strongest in countries with weak investor protection, where existing governance mechanisms are weaker and earnings management is more prevalent. Moreover, regulation provisions that most directly increase takeover threats experience greater earnings management responses. Additionally, I show that accounting restatements and fraud scandals become more frequent following takeover legislation. Overall, I provide evidence that takeover reforms, although enhancing discipline of underperforming managers, inadvertently incentivize accounting manipulation due to heightened job security concerns.
JEL Classifications: G34; G38; K22; M41; M43.
Suturing with or without surgical glue is superior to surgical glue alone for sealing ex vivo swine gallbladders
Authors: Spiller Paulo R. , Faria Eduardo F. , Castro Bruno G. , Souza Édila C. , Gomes Lianna G. , Dower Nathalie M. B. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To assess the effectiveness of various sealing techniques in cholecystotomies under maximum intraluminal pressure stress using an ex vivo swine model.

SAMPLE
30 gallbladders from different animals were used.

METHODS
The experiment was conducted ex vivo, with the formation of 3 groups, each comprising 10 samples. Group 1 utilized a traditional single-layer Cushing suture made from polydioxanone material. Group 2 employed a single layer of Cushing suture, also made from polydioxanone material, but in conjunction with surgical glue (n-butyl cyanoacrylate). Group 3 relied solely on the use of surgical glue (n-butyl cyanoacrylate) for sealing the edges of the surgical wound. The intraluminal pressure was gauged with a pressure transducer.

RESULTS
The maximum intraluminal pressures (mean ± SD) sustained in G1, G2, and G3 were, respectively, 48.70 ± 21.32 mm Hg, 110.90 ± 37.52 mm Hg, and 10.9 ± 4.07 mm Hg. Comparisons between groups showed that G2 supported significantly higher pressures (56.1% higher) than G1 (P < .001) and G3 (90.2% higher; P < .001). When G1 was compared with G3, a significantly higher pressure (77.6%) was also observed (P < .01).

CLINICAL RELEVANCE
The study’s conclusions demonstrated the safest suture techniques for the gallbladder and provided advice regarding the use of surgical glue.
Factors Associated with Duration of Hospitalization in Patients with COVID-19
Authors: Li Zi-Ang , Lin Jun 
Published: November 2023

<p>Background and Objective: &nbsp;Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a large number of casualties and economic losses. Reducing the number of hospitalization days can alleviate pressure on health services and save more people. This study was carried out to find associated factors with the duration of hospitalization at a COVID-19 dedicated hospital in China.</p>
<p>Methods: &nbsp;In this retrospective study, the demographic details and laboratory tests of 556 patients were collected. These patients were cured and discharged. The data was analyzed using statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS), version 22. The Shapiro-Wilk method was used for the normality of data with P &le; 0.05 as significant to relate factors with the duration of hospitalization.</p>
<p>Results: &nbsp;A total of 556 patients with COVID-19 were included in the study; 249 were males and 307 were females. Among the factors associated with longer hospital stay, lower K+ and Na+ levels were noticed in 102 (18.5%) and 61 (11%) respectively. Among liver functions tests, elevated AST levels was found in 109 (19.6%) patients, decreased serum albumin seen in 301 (54.1%) patients, elevated serum ALT levels in 80 (14.3%) patients with longer hospital stay (P = 0.032). Increased procalcitonin (PCT) was noticed in 66 (11.8%) patients. An elevated level of plasma D-dimer was seen in 125(22.4%) and increased NT-pro BNP levels in 64 (11.5%) patients. Increased cTnT levels were found in 76(13.6%) patients and elevated creatinine levels in 114 (21%) patients.(P = 0.015).</p>
<p>Conclusion: &nbsp;Patients with elevated serum total cholesterol had significantly lesser hospital stay than the normal group. Patients with temperature &ge; 38&deg;C and elevated blood glucose had longer hospitalization stay. We recommend that health care providers should not ignore multiple organ support when treating patients.</p>
Aplikasi Perpustakaan Berbasis Unified Modelling Language
Authors: Ismanto Ismanto , Pungkasanti Prind Triajeng 
Published: November 2023

<p class="BasicParagraph">Perpustakaan SMA Islam Nahdlotusysyubban Ploso masih menggunakan cara konvensional atau cara manual dalam memanajemen pengolahan data buku-buku perpustakaan. Hal tersebut memunculkan beberapa permasalahan baik dalam lamanya proses pencatatan dan keakurasian data buku perpustakaan. Dari permasalahan tersebut perlu adanya sebuah aplikasi yang mendukung dalam proses kerja pustakawan. Dengan adanya aplikasi setidaknya akan mempercepat proses pelayanan perpustakaan, dikarenakan adanya dorongan perangkat lunak (software), perangkat keras (hardware), infrastruktur, dan Sumber Daya Manusia (SDM) yang terlatih. Aplikasi perpustakaan ini menggunakan bahasa <em>Unified Modelling Language </em>(UML)<em> </em> dengan menggunakan permodelan <em>use case</em> <em>diagram</em>, <em>activity</em> <em>diagram</em>, <em>sequensi diagram</em> dan <em>class diagram. </em>Metode <em>Waterfall </em>dipilih dalam pengembangan aplikasi perpustakaan ini.</p><p class="IsiAbstrakIndo"><em>The Nahdlotusysyubban Ploso Islamic High School library still uses the conventional method or the manual method in managing the data processing of library books. This raises several problems both in the length of the recording process and the accuracy of library book data. From these problems, it is necessary to have an application that supports the librarian's work process. With the application, it will at least speed up the library service process, due to the encouragement of software (software), hardware (hardware), infrastructure, and trained Human Resources (HR). This library application uses the Unified Modeling Language (UML) using use case diagrams, activity diagrams, sequence diagrams, and class diagrams. The Waterfall method was chosen in the development of this library application.</em></p><p class="BasicParagraph"> </p><p class="BasicParagraph" style="line-height: 115%;"><em><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Data Processing; Information Systems; Library; UML; Waterfall.</span></em></p>