bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of non-thermal effects in microwave heating on the rheology and chemical properties of petroleum asphalt
Authors: Wang Liming , Gong Chun , Song Zikun , Zhu Pandeng , Wang Yunlong 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This study systematically analyses the rheological properties of typical petroleum asphalt heated by microwaves at different temperatures through viscosity, penetration, dynamic shear, low-temperature bending, and other rheological tests. The results show that the non-thermal effect of microwaves enhances the fluidity of petroleum asphalt in the high-temperature viscous flow state, becomes softer in the medium-temperature viscoelastic state, and becomes hard and brittle in the low-temperature glassy state. The effect of microwaves also causes some specific changes in the properties of bitumen, including softening point and glass transition temperature in the opposite direction, as well as a large difference in the response of bitumen of different viscosities. The chemical changes in microwave-heated bitumen were analyzed using component tests and microscopic observation. It was found that microwave heating homogenized and dispersed the asphaltene aggregates into small particles, with the heavy components significantly reduced and the light components increased.
A perspective on tools for assessing the building sector’s greenhouse gas emissions and beyond
Authors: Greer Fiona , Raftery Paul , Brager Gail , Horvath Arpad 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Increasing impacts from anthropogenic climate change, coupled with the rising need to provide safe and healthy buildings in which people can live, work, and play, necessitates methods and tools for decarbonizing the building sector. Governments, industry, and others are interested in assessing both the embodied and operational greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of buildings. Stakeholders have embraced whole building life-cycle assessment (WBLCA) as a framework for quantifying the life-cycle impacts of buildings, from raw material extraction to the building’s end of life. The purpose of this perspective is to offer an analysis on prominently used WBLCA tools, focusing on how well the tools are suited for assessing the embodied and operational GHG emissions from all phases of a building’s life cycle, and to suggest recommendations for improving the tools. Existing WBLCA tools can provide a detailed assessment of most materials used in the building’s core and shell but lack the capability to quantify impacts accurately and comprehensively from all building systems as well as from the construction, transportation, operation, and end-of-life phases. Suggested short term improvements for the tools include: (1) increased standardization among tools and environmental product declarations (EPDs) to allow for detailed comparison among different material options earlier in the design process; (2) incorporation of verified, local-manufacturer EPDs for all building materials, components, and systems and of specific on-site conditions; and (3) integration of tradeoffs between embodied and operational design decisions. We need to move beyond the prevailing approach of using WBLCA tools to select building materials that have the lowest embodied footprint. Future WBLCA tools need to be able to assess, in detail, how different design, construction, transportation, operation, and end-of-life decisions for a building not only affect GHG emissions, but other key sustainability goals including resilience to climate change, environmental justice, and human health of local communities.
Between-hospital care referrals for severe alcohol-related liver disease during the COVID-19 pandemic, 2020 to 2022
Authors: Almazan Erik , Dixon Juliette , Gerstenblith Avi , Andrews Sarah , Flanary James , Cameron Andrew M , Gurakar Ahmet , Chen Po-Hung 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Increased alcohol consumption during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic is projected to impact alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) morbidity and mortality. Inter-hospital escalation-of-care referral requests to our tertiary-care hepatology unit were analyzed from January 2020 through December 2022. Most requests to our center were for ALD with an increase in requests from intermediate care units, suggestive of higher acuity illness.
Integrating Lifestyle Factor Science into Neuropsychological Practice: A National Academy of Neuropsychology Education Paper
Authors: Randolph John J , Lacritz Laura H , Colvin Mary K , Espe-Pfeifer Patricia , Carter Kirstine R , Arnett Peter A , Fox-Fuller Joshua , Aduen Paula A , Cullum C Munro , Sperling Scott A 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
The primary aim of this paper is to review evidence and clinical implications related to lifestyle activities associated with promoting brain and cognitive health. Our review targets four key lifestyle factors: physical activity and exercise, social engagement, cognitively stimulating activity, and consuming Mediterranean-style diets.

Method
We conducted a critical review of the lifestyle factor literature in the four domains listed earlier. We contextualize this literature review by translating findings, when possible, into evidence-based recommendations to consider when providing neuropsychological services.

Results
There is significant current evidence supporting the role of physical activity and exercise, social engagement, cognitively stimulating activity, and consuming Mediterranean-style diets on positive brain and cognitive health outcomes. While some null findings are present in all four areas reviewed, the weight of the evidence supports the notion that engaging in these activities may promote brain and cognitive functioning.

Conclusions
Clinical neuropsychologists can have confidence in recommending engagement in physical activity, social activity, and cognitively stimulating activity, and adhering to a Mediterranean-style diet to promote brain and cognitive health. We discuss limitations in existing lifestyle factor research and future directions to enhance the existing evidence base, including additional research with historically underrepresented groups and individuals with neurological conditions.
Sports Neuropsychologists’ Ratings of Clinical Criteria Used to Help Determine Concussion Recovery: A Brief Survey Report
Authors: Moser Rosemarie S , Schatz Philip , Choi Daniel , Mayer Bridget 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjective: To identify criteria used by sports neuropsychologists in determining recovery following sport-related concussion.Methods: Forty-six sports neuropsychologists completed a custom survey, rating the importance of specific criteria for determining concussion recovery in youth versus adults. Percentages and modal ratings were documented.Results: “Back to work/school without accommodations,” “No headache after neurocognitive testing,” “Feeling 100% back to normal,” and “No symptoms after noncontact exertion” were rated highest for youth and adults. “Physician examination without concerns” and “Balance testing” were the two lowest rated items for both youth and adults. For youth, “sufficient” amount of time symptom-free needed for recovery was seen as longer than for adults.Conclusions: There was some similarity in how sports neuropsychologists determine concussion recovery for both adults and youth. Future studies should include a larger sample size and concussion experts from other specialties to identify the current multidisciplinary standard of care.
Multiple long-term conditions in people with psoriasis: a latent class and bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Chalitsios Christos V , Meena Devendra , Manou Maria , Papagiannopoulos Christos , Markozannes Georgios , Gill Dipender , Su Bowen , Tsilidis Konstantinos K , Evangelou Evangelos , Tzoulaki Ioanna 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Coexisting long-term conditions (LTCs) in psoriasis and their potential causal associations with the disease are not well ­established.

Objectives
To determine distinct clusters of LTCs in people with psoriasis and the potential bidirectional causal association between these LTCs and psoriasis.

Methods
Using latent class analysis, cross-sectional data from people with psoriasis from the UK Biobank were analysed to identify distinct psoriasis-related comorbidity profiles. Linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSR) was applied to compute the genetic correlation between psoriasis and LTCs. Two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis assessed the potential causal direction using independent genetic variants that reached genome-wide significance (P &lt; 5 × 10–8).

Results
Five comorbidity clusters were identified in a population of 10 873 people with psoriasis. LDSR revealed that psoriasis was positively genetically correlated with heart failure [genetic correlation (rg) = 0.23, P = 8.8 × 10−8], depression (rg = 0.12, P = 2.7 × 10−5), coronary artery disease (CAD; rg = 0.15, P = 2 × 10−4) and type 2 diabetes (rg = 0.19, P = 3 × 10−3). Genetic liability to CAD was associated with an increased risk of psoriasis [inverse variance weighted (IVW) odds ratio (ORIVW) 1.159, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.055–1.274; P = 2 × 10−3]. The MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO; ORMR-PRESSO 1.13, 95% CI 1.042–1.228; P = 6 × 10−3) and the MR-robust adjusted profile score (RAPS) (ORMR-RAPS 1.149, 95% CI 1.062–1.242; P = 5 × 10−4) approaches corroborate the IVW findings. The weighted median (WM) generated similar and consistent effect estimates but was not statistically significant (ORWM 1.076, 95% CI 0.949–1.221; P = 0.25). Evidence for a suggestive increased risk was detected for CAD (ORIVW 1.031, 95% CI 1.003–1.059; P = 0.03) and heart failure (ORIVW 1.019, 95% CI 1.005–1.033; P = 9 × 10−3) in those with a genetic liability to psoriasis; however, MR sensitivity analyses did not reach statistical significance.

Conclusions
Five distinct clusters of psoriasis comorbidities were observed with these findings to offer opportunities for an integrated approach to comorbidity prevention and treatment. Coexisting LTCs share with psoriasis common genetic and nongenetic risk factors, and aggressive lifestyle modification in these people is anticipated to have an impact beyond psoriasis risk. Genetically predicted CAD is possibly associated with an increased risk of psoriasis, altering our prior knowledge.
Association between psoriasis and cardiometabolic comorbidities in a racially and ethnically diverse low-income primary care population
Authors: Rudd Nora , Gonzalez Nathaly , Kohn Michael A , Valladares Herbert Castillo , Chang Aileen Y , Kim Sarah , Amerson Erin H 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Psoriasis is associated with cardiometabolic comorbidities, including obesity, diabetes, hyperlipidaemia and hypertension. Many studies that established these associations originated from primarily White and/or relatively affluent populations. To evaluate whether there is a differential risk for cardiometabolic comorbidities in racial/ethnic minorities, we performed a cross-sectional analysis comparing cardiometabolic comorbidities between those with and without psoriasis in a racially and ethnically diverse population of 56 987 low-income patients, stratified by race/ethnicity, and assessed whether race/ethnicity acts as an effect modifier for cardiometabolic comorbidities. We found that psoriasis was statistically significantly associated with obesity, diabetes, hyperlipidaemia and hypertension. The association of psoriasis with comorbidities did not differ significantly by race/ethnicity; thus, we did not find evidence of effect modification. However, our diverse, low-income population had an extremely high baseline prevalence of cardiometabolic comorbidities compared with previous populations studied. Our results suggest education and intervention regarding modifiable risk factors are particularly important among vulnerable populations.
Surgical management of atrial fibrillation in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: a systematic review of clinical practice guidelines and recommendations
Authors: Kumar Niraj S , Khanji Mohammed Y , Patel Kush P , Ricci Fabrizio , Providencia Rui , Chahal Anwar , Sohaib Afzal , Awad Wael I 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Aims
Surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) has been demonstrated to be a safe procedure conducted concomitantly alongside cardiac surgery. However, there are conflicting guideline recommendations surrounding indications for surgical ablation. We conducted a systematic review of current recommendations on concomitant surgical AF ablation.

Methods and results
We identified publications from MEDLINE and EMBASE between January 2011 and December 2022 and additionally searched Guideline libraries and websites of relevant organizations in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Of 895 studies screened, 4 were rigorously developed (AGREE-II &gt; 50%) and included. All guidelines agreed on the definitions of paroxysmal, persistent, and longstanding AF based on duration and refraction to current treatment modalities. In the Australia–New Zealand (CSANZ) and European (EACTS) guidelines, opportunistic screening for patients &gt;65 years is recommended. The EACTS recommends systematic screening for those aged &gt;75 or at high stroke risk (Class IIa, Level B). However, this was not recommended by American Heart Association or Society of Thoracic Surgeons guidelines. All guidelines identified surgical AF ablation during concomitant cardiac surgery as safe and recommended for consideration by a Heart Team with notable variation in recommendation strength and the specific indication (three guidelines fail to specify any indication for surgery). Only the STS recommended left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) alongside surgical ablation (Class IIa, Level C).

Conclusion
Disagreements exist in recommendations for specific indications for concomitant AF ablation and LAAO, with the decision subject to Heart Team assessment. Further evidence is needed to develop recommendations for specific indications for concomitant AF procedures and guidelines need to be made congruent.
Associations between prenatal exposure to outdoor PM2.5 and NO2 and childhood respiratory symptoms
Authors: Patlan Hernandez A R , Audureau E , Monfort C , Epaud R , Lanone S , Nieuwenhuijsen M , de Castro M , Warembourg C , Chevrier C , Jacquemin B 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Prenatal and early-life air pollution exposures have shown to play an important role in childhood respiratory and allergic diseases development. Our aim was to assess the effect of prenatal exposure to air pollution on several respiratory outcomes up to 12 years old.

Methods
We included 2054 children from the PELAGIE mother-child cohort in Brittany, France, followed-up at 2-, 6- or 12-years. Parents reported children's respiratory health history, family lifestyle and children immediate environment. PM2.5 and NO2 mean concentrations throughout the pregnancy were modelled at residential address using land use regression models. Ever asthma, rhinitis, allergic rhinitis and eczema at 12-years follow-up, considered as outcomes of interest, were defined using validated questionnaires. A multimorbidity phenotype was also constructed. We performed adjusted logistic regressions per increase of one interquartile range (IQR).

Results
Participating mothers’ mean age was 30 years (SD 4.1), 88% did not smoke during pregnancy, and 82% lived in rural areas. Fifty percent of children were boys; 55% of them had parents with history of asthma and/or allergies. Pregnancy concentrations of NO2 were 18.74±7.72μg/m3 (IQR=9.66) and PM2.5 15.11±2.21μg/m3 (IQR=3.38). Prevalence of asthma, rhinitis, allergic rhinitis and eczema was 28%, 11% and 38% respectively at 12-years follow-up. Overall, no significant associations were found with asthma, rhinitis or eczema, nor with the multimorbidity phenotype.

Discussion/conclusions
Prenatal exposures to ambient PM2.5 and NO2, at relatively low concentrations, did not show any significant associations with children's respiratory and allergic outcomes. Further analysis including logistic models stratified by sex and urban-rural area, and clustering approaches will be performed to assess if specific profiles of environmental exposures during pregnancy and early childhood are associated with childhood respiratory and allergic diseases.

Key messages
• The prenatal and postnatal periods are major vulnerability windows for children's respiratory health.
• An exposome approach provides a better understanding of a larger set of urban/rural exposures and their associations with childhood respiratory and allergic diseases.
Assessing the benefits of hypothetical air pollution reduction interventions on stroke in Belgium
Authors: Pelgrims I , Devleesschauwer B , Vandevijvere S , De Clercq E M , Gorasso V , Van der Heyden J , Vansteelandt S 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
The adverse health impact of air pollution exposure on stroke is already well documented but there is a lack of methodological tools to provide actionable evidence on the potential health benefits of realistic interventions. This study demonstrates the use of a parametric g-computation approach to evaluate the impact of hypothetical interventions targeting long-term exposure to air pollution on reducing the stroke prevalence in Belgium using data from three national Health Interview surveys (BHIS 2008-2013-2018).

Methods
BHIS data (n = 27536) were linked to environmental data of the participant's residential address. A g-computation approach was used to calculate the potential impact fractions of five air pollution reduction interventions to decrease the prevalence of stroke. Regression models were adjusted for socio-economic, environmental and lifestyle factors. In the first and second scenario, the average annual exposure to PM2.5 was lowered to the WHO guideline (5 μg/m3) and reduced by 25%, respectively. In the third and fourth scenario, the average annual exposure to NO2 was lowered to the WHO guideline (10 μg/m3) and reduced by 25%, respectively. In the last scenario, the average annual exposure to BC was reduced by 25%.

Results
Stroke was significantly associated with all air pollutants. A reduction in the risk of stroke was observed under the five scenarios: -0.87% [SE:0.24], -0.47% [SE: 0.17], -0.32% [SE: 0.19], -0.16% [SE:0.10], -0.13 % [SE: 0.07]. The proportion of prevented stroke cases would be respectively of 65.5%, 35.4%, 23.9%, 12.3%, 10%.

Conclusions
This study highlights the importance of air pollution on the stroke burden and demonstrates that air pollution reduction interventions could decrease the prevalence of stroke in Belgium.

Key messages
• Air pollution reduction interventions could significantly decrease the prevalence of stroke in Belgium.
• Major benefits were observed for interventions targeting long-term exposure to PM2.5.
Health Promoting Sports Federations: theoretical foundations and guidelines
Authors: Van Hoye A , Geidne S , Vuillemin A , Whiting S , Winand M ,   on behalf of the Health Enhancing Physical Activity Europe Network
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The potential for organised sports to promote health has been underexploited so far, according to researchers and policy-makers. Sports clubs have limited capacity to promote health due to their voluntary nature and have called for support from their national sports federations. The present article provides guidelines based on health promoting sports clubs theoretical foundations, and an analysis of practical tools and proven strategies to support national sports federations’ investment in health promotion (HP). A qualitative iterative study was undertaken, based on five two-hour meetings of a group of 15 international researchers in health promotion in sports clubs. Notes and minutes from meetings, as well as shared outputs were analyzed based on the health promoting sports club framework. Guidelines for national sports federations to promote health includes a definition of a health promoting sports federation, a description of the settings-based approach stages adapted to national sports federations, as well as practical applications of the health promoting sports club's intervention strategies. The analysis of existing tools demonstrated that most tools are centered on a single dimension of health (social, mental, physical, spiritual or community), and often on a specific health topic. Furthermore, they do not cover HP as a continuous process or support of sports clubs’ members health, but are generally short-term programs. The HPSF clarifies theoretical concepts, their practical implementation via case studies and outlines intervention components and tools useful for sports federations in their implementation of HP. The guidelines are meant to facilitate national sports federations to acknowledge, reinforce and foster their further investment in HP.
Exploring medication safety through a social determinants of health and health literacy lens
Authors: McNamee H , Shields C , Vance J 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
The study addressed an evidence gap in Northern Ireland (NI) on social determinants of health & medication safety. Almost 50% more prescription items are prescribed in the most deprived areas and they suffer a heavier burden of illness & higher mortality rates. Low health literacy is associated with medication adherence & more negative beliefs about medication. The research aimed to discover the social circumstances behind unsafe medication practices and avoidable medication-related harm to inform the implementation of the Transforming Medication Safety in NI plan.

Methods
This exploratory study used a community-based participatory research (CBPR) approach that engaged community members to share their unique perspectives & local knowledge. A community survey & interviews with key stakeholders informed the sample & topic guides for focus groups with people in the community (63 participants) & health & social care staff (25 participants). Data underwent thematic analysis & findings were discussed & interpreted at a Knowledge Exchange Workshop.

Results
Many social factors influence medication safety, such as busy lives, prioritising others, social support, work, physical & psychological capabilities, mental health, addiction, income, transport, access to healthcare & social stigma. Health literacy was a key theme; people have varying abilities accessing, understanding, appraising, remembering, & using information about their medication. Health & social care staff can assume people to know & understand how to take their medication correctly. Health literacy was influenced by many sources including friends’ & family's experiences, individual research, health & social care staff, social media, & stories in the media.

Conclusions
The research gathered people's lived experiences on medication use at home. It is evident that the social determinants of health, health literacy and social practices and norms need to be considered in medication safety.