bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An expert cognitive approach to evaluate physical effort and injury risk in manual lifting—A brief report of a pilot study
Authors: Yeung Simon S. , Genaidy Ash M. , Huston Ron , Karwowski Waldemar 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAlthough the development of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) equation was partly based on the expertise of committee members convened under the auspices of NIOSH, to our knowledge, there is no study reported in the published literature that examined the role of professional expertise in determining the relative contribution of different lifting task variables to effort exertion. In this study, we explored whether professional expertise can be relied on, through the use of a systematic procedure, to quantify the effects of lifting task parameters on perceived effort and risk of injury outcome measures.Three international experts participated in the research reported herein and evaluated the interactive effects of 6 lifting variables: (a) weight of load, (b) horizontal distance, (c) frequency of handling, (d) work duration, (e) twisting angle, and (f) height of lift. They predicted the lifting effort and the injury risk of a large number of lifting configurations. A linguistic approach was used to describe the lifting activities. Logistic regression analyses were employed to model effort as a function of various lifting task variables.The results showed that all 3 experts rated the weight of load as the most dominant variable and the height of lift as the least important variable. Furthermore, they differed slightly in ranking the relative importance of other variables. In general, the effect of weight of load on physical effort was, at a minimum, 2 times more important than other lifting task variables. The horizontal distance, work duration, frequency, and twisting angle variables were considered to be more important than the height of lift by 25% to 33%. Collectively, these findings indicate that the experts agreed on the most and least important variables. In between, the relative importance of other variables was dependent on the professional training of the expert.The results further demonstrated that an increase in perceived physical effort was associated with an increase in the perceived risk of injury in the moderate‐ to high‐range values. There was a large variance, however, at the lower levels of physical effort and perceived risk. Collectively, the aforementioned findings confirm the notion that low‐level effort exertion activities are not perceived by the experts as risky. As the level of exertion increases to moderate values, however, the experts start to be conscious about the risks involved in the manual lifting activities. Therefore, one should not treat these 2 variables as equal, because they may reflect 2 separate dimensions in the low range. In the moderate to high range, they have some common variance but they may still reflect some differences to a certain extent. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Relationship between magnitude of damage to the hippocampus and impaired recognition memory in monkeys
Authors: Zola Stuart M. , Squire Larry R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTwo recent meta‐analyses, drawing on data from many of the same studies with monkeys, reached different conclusions about the relationship between hippocampal damage and recognition memory performance. Both studies found evidence of recognition memory impairment following hippocampal damage. However, Zola et al. (J Neurosci 2000;20:451–463) found no significant correlation between extent of hippocampal damage and recognition memory performance, whereas Baxter and Murray (Hippocampus 2001;11:61–71) concluded that the extent of hippocampal damage in monkeys was inversely correlated with impaired performance. Here, we first consider the requirements for carrying out a valid meta‐analysis, and point out that the analysis carried out by Baxter and Murray (Hippocampus 2001;11:61–71) is invalid on simple statistical grounds. We then adopt the appropriate statistical procedures (multiple regression analyses rather than simple correlational analysis) to assess the relationship between extent of hippocampal damage and recognition performance across different studies. None of these analyses, including a reanalysis of the data of Baxter and Murray (Hippocampus 2001;11:61–71), revealed a significant inverse relationship between lesion size and behavioral impairment. Most of the variance was explained by differences between the studies that contributed to the meta‐analysis, not by lesion size itself. Indeed, analysis of covariance indicated that there were differences among the studies beyond lesion size that significantly affected performance. Finally, we consider what relationship might hold between lesion size and memory performance in the monkey. Hippocampus 2001;11:92–98. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Behavioural and physiological response of trout to winter habitat in tailwaters in Wyoming, USA
Authors: Annear Thomas C. , Hubert Wayne , Simpkins Darin , Hebdon Lance 
Published: August 2002

AbstractFisheries managers have often suggested that survival of trout during the winter is a major factor affecting population densities in many stream ecosystems in the Rocky Mountains. In Wyoming, trout population reductions from fall to spring in excess of 90% have been documented in some reservoir tailwaters. Though biologists have surmised that these reductions were the result of either mortality or emigration from some river sections, the specific mechanisms have not been defined and the factors leading to the trout loss are unknown. This is a review of four studies that were conducted or funded between 1991 and 1998 by the Wyoming Game and Fish Department to understand the extent of overwinter losses, identify some of the mechanisms leading to those conditions and develop management strategies to help avoid those impacts. Winter studies were conducted on tailwater fisheries in the Green, North Platte, Bighorn and Shoshone rivers to document trout population dynamics, assess physical habitat availability, evaluate trout movement and habitat selection, and understand the relationships between food availability and bioenergetic relationships. Results indicate that winter trout losses are extreme in some years, that trout movement and habitat selection are affected by supercooled flows, and that mortality is probably not directly due to starvation. The combination of physiological impairment with frequently altered habitat availability probably leads to indirect mortality from predators and other factors. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ito S, Nakanishi H, Ikehara Y, Kato T, Kasai Y, Ito K, Akiyama S, Nakao A, Tatematsu M. Real‐time observation of micrometastasis formation in the living mouse liver using a GFP gene‐tagged rat tongue carcinoma cell line. International Journal of Cancer 2001; 93(2) 212–217.
Authors: Ito S , Nakanishi H , Ikehara Y , Kato T , Kasai Y , Ito K , Akiyama S , Nakao A , Tatematsu M 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe original article to which this Erratum refers was published in International Journal of Cancer; 2001; 93(2) 212–217.
Changes in the service delivery model and home visitors' job satisfaction and turnover in an Early Head Start program
Authors: Gill Sukhdeep , Greenberg Mark T. , Vazquez Arcel 
Published: August 2002

AbstractStudy of the processes through which interventions achieve the intended outcomes is as important as the study of the intervention outcomes themselves. In this article, the process of implementing an Early Head Start program is described and related to changes in the home visitors' job satisfaction and turnover. Initially, the biggest challenge for the implementing agency was maintaining undisrupted service delivery whereas the new administration team, when hired, confronted the task of rejuvenating the program. This led to an overall restructuring of the home‐based model of service delivery. Results show that, as predicted, home visitors were least satisfied with their roles, work atmosphere, and job conditions during the program make‐over phase. The staff turnover rate was the highest in the program's history during this period (39%). However, these trends were reversed as the program stabilized due to the changes. These results are presented and discussed in light of the program implementation issues and changes to the service delivery model. ©2002 Michigan Association for Infant Mental Health.
One‐year dog toxicity study of D‐002, a mixture of aliphatic alcohols
Authors: Alemán Celia , Rodeiro Idania , Noa Miriam , Menéndez Roberto , Gaméz Rafael , Hernandez Caridad , Más Rosa 
Published: August 2002

AbstractD‐002 is a mixture of high‐molecular‐weight aliphatic alcohols, obtained from bees wax (Apis mellifera), with mild anti‐inflammatory properties and effective anti‐ulcer activities demonstrated in experimental models. This study investigated the oral toxicity of D‐002 administered for 1 year to beagle dogs. Twenty‐four beagle dogs (12 males and 12 females) were distributed randomly in three experimental groups (four animals per group): a control and two treated groups received D‐002 at 50 and 250 mg kg−1 (7 days/week) by gastric gavage. Overall, D‐002 was well tolerated throughout the study. No signs or symptoms of toxicity were observed, and no mortality occurred during the study. All groups showed similar weight gain and food consumption. No hematological, blood biochemical or histopathological disturbances attributable to treatment were observed. This study shows no drug‐related toxicity induced by long‐term administration of up to 250 mg kg−1 D‐002 to beagle dogs. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Compliant design of artificial graft: Compliance determination by new digital X‐ray imaging system‐based method
Authors: Sonoda Hiromichi , Urayama Shin‐Ichi , Takamizawa Keiichi , Nakayama Yasuhide , Uyama Chikao , Yasui Hisataka , Matsuda Takehisa 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe development of an artificial graft requires formulation of biomechanical design criteria. The compliance of artifical grafts, based on the intraluminal pressure‐internal diameter (Pi‐Di) relationship, was measured by a novel method using a digital X‐ray imaging system coupled with an edge detection algorithm and a pressure transducer. The Pi‐Di values were obtained from digital angiographic images under continuous inflation of a canine femoral artery anastomosed with an expanded poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (ePTFE) vascular graft as a model vessel with a pressurized contrast medium. The Di at Pi using an NIH Image software specially programmed for the entropy filter method, which enables the detection of the edge of the vessel phantoms of the images, was determined. The Pi‐Di relationships showed a “J‐shape” curve for the artery, a steeper line with a very low pressure‐dependent distensibility for the ePTFE graft, and an intermediate curve for the anastomosis protion. The two indices for the vessel compliance, the stiffness parameter (β value) and the diameter compliance (Cd), both of which were calculated from the Pi‐Di relationships, were 10.6 and 6.8%/mmHg × 10‐2 for the artery, 164 and 0.51%/mmHg × 10‐2 for the ePTFE, and 14.4 and 5.5%/mmHg × 10‐2 for the anastomosis portion, respectively. This method can measure compliance at any portions of the sampling vessel in a single experiment on a real‐time basis with very high accuracy, compared with conventional methods, and even in cases of intimal thickening and/or connective tissues‐adhered vessels, and may serve to provide information on compliant design criteria of artificial and tissue‐engineered graft. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 60: 191–195, 2002
Bone formation in transforming growth factor β‐1‐coated porous poly(propylene fumarate) scaffolds
Authors: Vehof Johan W. M. , Fisher John P. , Dean David , van der Waerden Jan‐Paul C. M. , Spauwen Paul H. M. , Mikos Antonios G. , Jansen John A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis study determined the bone growth into pretreated poly(propylene fumarate) (PPF) scaffolds implanted into a subcritical size, rabbit cranial defect. PPF scaffolds were constructed by using a photocrosslinking‐porogen leaching technique. These scaffolds were then either prewetted (PPF‐Pw), treated with RF glow‐discharge (PPF‐Gd), coated with fibronectin (PPF‐Fn), or coated with rhTGF‐β1 (PPF‐TGF‐β1). One of each scaffold type was then placed into the cranium of nine rabbits. The rabbits were sacrificed after 8 weeks, and the scaffolds were retrieved for histological analysis. The most bone formation was present in the PPF‐TGF‐β1 implants; the newly formed bone had a trabecular appearance together with bone marrow‐like tissue. Little or no bone formation was observed in implants without rhTGF‐β1. These histological findings were confirmed by image analysis. Bone surface area, bone area percentage, pore fill percentage, and pore area percentage were significantly higher in the rhTGF‐β1‐coated implants than in the noncoated implants. No statistical difference was seen between the PPF‐Fn, PPF‐Pw, or PPF‐Gd scaffolds for these parameters. Quadruple fluorochrome labeling showed that in PPF‐TGF‐β1 implants bone formation mainly started in the interior of a pore and proceeded toward the scaffold. We conclude that (a) PPF‐TGF‐β1 scaffolds can indeed adequately induce bone formation in porous PPF, and (b) PPF scaffolds prepared by the photocrosslinking‐porogen leaching technique are good candidates for the creation of bone graft substitutes. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 60: 241–251, 2002; DOI 10.1002/jbm.10073
Effect of experimental parameters on the in vitro release kinetics of transforming growth factor β1 from coral particles
Authors: Demers Caroline N. , Tabrizian Maryam , Petit Alain , Hamdy Reggie C. , Yahia L'Hocine 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCoral bone graft substitutes have been supplemented in the past with growth factors to further enhance bone regeneration in defects. Little is known, however, on the dynamics of protein release from coral. Coral particles were studied for their ability to release transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF‐β1) in vitro, under different adsorption conditions. Adsorption of TGF‐β1 (0.05 μg/mL) on coral particles (<80 μm or 300–450 μm) after 24 h of incubation was high, regardless of conditions. TGF‐β1 release kinetics in an artificial bone fluid followed a specific profile: an initial 1‐h protein burst, followed by a decreasing release during the next 24 h at which time the release increased again to reach a constant rate until the end of the 2‐week study. The protein release rate appeared mainly to depend upon the diffusion of TGF‐β1. TGF‐β1 release from coral particles was enhanced in the presence of bovine serum albumin (BSA) compared to the release in the presence of gelatin, and was dependent on the pH of adsorption. The highest total TGF‐β1 release was obtained when adsorption occurred with BSA at pH 7.4 (82 ± 3%), while the lowest release was observed when adsorption was done in the presence of gelatin at pH 11 (38 ± 1%). TGF‐β1 release was also found to vary with particle size, higher release being obtained with the smaller particles. These results suggest that coral particles could be used as a delivery system for growth factors, and that the release rate may be modulated through modification of the adsorption conditions and coral particle size. © 2001 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 59: 403–410, 2002
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis of titanium surfaces cultured with osteoblast‐like cells derived from human mandibular bone
Authors: Mustafa Kamal , Pan Jinshan , Wroblewski Joanna , Leygraf Christofer , Arvidson Kristina 
Published: August 2002

AbstractVariations in the oxide films on titanium surfaces blasted with TiO2 particles of various sizes were analyzed after cultures with cells derived from human mandibular bone. Turned titanium surfaces and surfaces blasted with 63–90‐, 106–180‐, and 180–300‐μm TiO2 particles were cultured with osteoblast‐like cells. The surfaces were characterized before and after the cell culture with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The surface chemical composition of selected samples was analyzed with X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). EIS revealed that with respect to the turned surfaces, the effective surface area was about 5, 6, and 4 times larger on the surfaces blasted with 63–90‐, 106–180‐, and 180–300‐μm particles, respectively. After 28 days of the cell culture, the corrosion resistance on all sample types was unaffected. The impedance characteristics suggest a considerable effect of ion incorporation and precipitation during culturing. XPS revealed that before the cell culture, a typical surface layer consisted of TiO2. After the culture, the surface oxide film contained both phosphorus and calcium, along with large amounts of oxidized carbon (carbonate) and nitrogen. There were lower concentrations of carbon and nitrogen on the blasted surfaces. We concluded that the effective surface area was several times higher on blasted surfaces than on turned surfaces. Cells derived from human mandibular bone affected ion incorporation into the implant surface. © 2001 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 59: 655–664, 2002
Predicted solution structure of zymogen human coagulation FVII
Authors: Perera Lalith , Darden Thomas A. , Pedersen Lee G. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA model solution structure for the complete tissue factor‐free calcium ion‐bound human zymogen FVII (residues 1–406) (FVII) has been constructed to study possible conformational changes associated with the activation process and tissue factor (TF) binding. The initial structure for the present model was constructed using the X‐ray crystallographic structure of human coagulation FVIIa/TF complex bound with calcium ions (Banner et al., Nature 1996, 380, 41–46). This model was subsequently subjected to lengthy molecular dynamics simulations. The Amber force field in conjunction with the PME electrostatic summation method was employed. The estimated TF free solution structure was then compared with the currently available X‐ray crystal structures of FVIIa (with or without TF, variable inhibitor bound) to estimate the restructuring of FVII due to TF binding and activation. The solution structure of the zymogen FVII in the absence of TF is predicted to be an extended domain structure similar to that of the TF‐bound X‐ray crystal structure. An additional extension of the serine protease (SP) domain of the zymogen above a reference lipid surface by ∼7 Å was in agreement with experiment. Significant Gla‐EGF1 and EGF1‐EGF2 interdomain motions in the zymogen were observed. Carbohydrate dimers attached to Ser‐52 and Ser‐60 did not cause restructuring in this domain. Minimal restructuring of the SP domain is found upon inference of the zymogen from the activated form. The catalytic triad residues maintain the H‐bonded network while Lys‐341 occupies the S1 specific site in the zymogen. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 23: 35–47, 2002
Ethical behaviors of psychologists: Changes since 1987
Authors: Tubbs Paula , Pomerantz Andrew M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractLicensed psychologists (n = 92) in Illinois were surveyed regarding the frequency with which they engage in 82 behaviors of varying ethical appropriateness. For about one‐third of the behaviors studied, results differed significantly from a similar national survey published in 1987, such that the current sample reported never engaging in the behavior more frequently than did the previous sample. These differences may be due to increased involvement of managed care in professional practice, the revised ethical code, or regional or sampling factors. Implications of these results, including the need to assess ethical norms frequently, are discussed. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Psychol 57: 395–399, 2001.
Compulsive checking behaviors in generalized anxiety disorder
Authors: Schut Alexander J. , Castonguay Louis G. , Borkovec Thomas D. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractRecent evidence suggests that a relationship exists between worry, the central feature of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and compulsive behaviors, particularly compulsive checking. In this article we report the results from two studies. The first study assessed the frequency of obsessions and compulsions in 107 principally diagnosed GAD clients. The second study examined levels of alexithymia in analogue samples of GAD checkers (n = 31), GAD noncheckers (n = 30), and non‐GAD nonchecking controls (n = 27) using the Toronto Alexithymia Scale‐20 (Bagby, Parker, & Taylor, 1994). The results from these studies suggest that compulsive behaviors in the form of compulsive checking is more common in GAD than previously expected and that such behaviors in GAD may act as an additional mechanism by which affective experiences are avoided. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Psychol 57: 705–715, 2001.
Liquid–liquid extraction of Hg(II) from acidic chloride solutions using bis‐2‐ethylhexyl sulfoxide
Authors: Francis Tania , Ramamohan Tumkur , Reddy Mundlapudi Lakshmipathi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe liquid–liquid extraction of Hg(II) from acidic chloride solutions has been studied using bis‐2‐ethylhexyl sulfoxide (B2EHSO) as an extractant. For comparison, extraction studies have also been carried out using di‐n‐octyl sulfoxide (DOSO) and diphenyl sulfoxide (DPhSO). The extraction data have been analysed by both graphical and theoretical methods taking into account aqueous phase speciation and all plausible complexes extracted into the organic phase. These results demonstrate that Hg(II) is extracted into xylene as HgCl2.3R2SO (where R2SO represents the sulfoxide). The equilibrium constant of the extracted complex has been deduced by non‐linear regression analysis. The developed liquid–liquid extraction procedure has been applied for the recovery of mercury from the brine‐sludge of a Chlor‐Alkali plant.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Epidemiology of particulate air pollution: exploiting observable exposure variability
Authors: III C. Arden Pope 
Published: August 2002

AbstractEpidemiological studies of PM pollution and health have attempted to exploit observable sources of exposure variability to evaluate potential health consequences. These studies have become increasingly ingenious and rigorous in their ability to use natural exposure variability. Although a large majority of studies have evaluated only changes in short‐term exposures, long‐term, chronic exposure may be more important in terms of overall public health. This paper outlines the various dimensions of natural PM exposure variability that have been exploited in the epidemiology of PM literature, discuss how this exposure variablilty has or has not been utilized in recent epidemiology studies of PM exposure and human health, outline the inferences being drawn from the studies, and present the major limitations of these studies.Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.