bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical significance of serum neuron‐specific enolase in patients with adult T‐cell leukemia
Authors: Fujiwara Hiroshi , Arima Naomichi , Ohtsubo Hideo , Matsumoto Tadashi , Kukita Toshimasa , Kawada Hideaki , Imaizumi Rie , Ozaki Atsuo , Matsushita Kakushi , Tei Chuwa 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe present study examines the clinical significance of serum neuron‐specific enolase (NSE) in patients with adult T cell‐leukemia (ATL). Serum NSE values were measured using a radioimmunoassay in 35 patients (acute type, n = 15; lymphoma type, n = 10; chronic type, n = 10) and in 7 controls carrying T lymphotropic virus type‐1 (HTLV‐1). Serum NSE values >10 ng/mL were detected in 9 of 15 patients with acute type (60%), 5 of 10 with lymphoma type (50%), and in one of 10 patients with chronic type (10%) ATL, but in none of the HTLV‐1 carriers. Contrary to previous findings demonstrating that 20% of patients with non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) had positive serum NSE, the frequency of a high NSE value in patients with acute and lymphoma type ATL was much higher (60% and 50%, respectively). The serum NSE value positively correlated with serum thymidine kinase activity (TK) and serum soluble interleukin‐2 receptor (sIL‐2R) levels (P < 0.04 and P < 0.01, respectively). Serum NSE values at the initial diagnosis were adversely related to overall survival time according to the log‐rank test (P < 0.02). Pathological examinations demonstrated that both patients with anaplastic large cell lymphoma type ATL had cytoplasmic NSE and CD30 markers on cell membranes. These findings suggest that serum NSE is partially produced by ATL cells and that ATL tumor cells seem preferentially produce NSE compared with other NHL cells. Serum NSE may be a novel marker of disease aggressiveness as well as a prognostic factor for ATL. Am. J. Hematol. 71:80–84, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Carpal tunnel syndrome in repetitive work: A follow‐up study
Authors: Thomsen Jane Frølund , Hansson Gert‐Åke , Mikkelsen Sigurd , Lauritzen Martin 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBackgroundThe Project on Research and Intervention in Monotonous work (PRIM) studied Danish workers for 3–4 years to determine the effects of monotonous work. The present study is a subset of that cohort and compares prevalence and incidence differences of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) between workers with highly repetitive work tasks and workers with varied work tasks.MethodsThe baseline study included 731 participants. Follow‐up examinations were performed after 6 and 18 months. The CTS diagnosis was based on symptom interviews and nerve conduction tests. The repetitiveness levels were determined with electrogoniometers and observation of cycle times.ResultsThe overall prevalence of CTS was 1.6% on the working hand and 0.7% on the other hand. There was a significantly increased risk of CTS for every 10‐hr increase of repetitive non‐forceful work (OR = 1.84; 95% CI = 1.06–3.19) on the working hand. This result, however, was based on few cases and a low prevalence in the control group. The overall annual CTS incidence was 0.62% on the working hand and 0.44% on the other hand. For the repetitive work tasks, the mean power frequencies ranged from 0.53 to 0.79 Hz.ConclusionsIn the baseline study, highly repetitive work was associated with CTS. The CTS incidence was too low to perform any analyses of exposure differences. Am J. Ind. Med. 42:344–353, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Monozygotic twins with a severe form of Alagille syndrome and phenotypic discordance
Authors: Kamath Binita M. , Krantz Ian D. , Spinner Nancy B. , Heubi James E. , Piccoli David A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAlagille syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder affecting multiple organ systems, predominantly the liver, heart, skeleton, eye, face, and kidney. The phenotype in Alagille syndrome is highly variable both within and between families. We report monozygotic twins with Alagille syndrome concordant for a mutation in Jagged1 but discordant for clinical phenotype. The twins' monozygosity was confirmed by molecular testing. A de novo splice site mutation was identified in exon 6 (1329 + 2T → G) in both children. Both twins display a severe form of Alagille syndrome; however, one twin has a severe pulmonary atresia with mild liver involvement, while the other has tetralogy of Fallot and severe hepatic involvement, which has required liver transplantation. Potential mechanisms for phenotypic variability among monozygotic twins are discussed. This is the first reported case of discordance in phenotype in monozygotic twins with Alagille syndrome. This case implies that genotypic variations alone do not explain the clinical variability seen in Alagille syndrome and supports the contributory role of nongenetic factors in phenotype determination. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Limb malformations and the human HOX genes
Authors: Goodman Frances R. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractHOX genes encode a family of transcription factors of fundamental importance for body patterning during embryonic development. Humans, like most vertebrates, have 39 HOX genes organized into four clusters, with major roles in the development of the central nervous system, axial skeleton, gastrointestinal and urogenital tracts, external genitalia, and limbs. The first two limb malformations shown to be caused by mutations in the human HOX genes were synpolydactyly and hand‐foot‐genital syndrome, which result from mutations in HOXD13 and HOXA13, respectively. This review describes a variety of limb malformations now known to be caused by specific different mutations in these two genes, including polyalanine tract expansions, nonsense mutations, and missense mutations, many with phenotypic consequences that could not have been predicted from previous knowledge of mouse models or HOX protein function. Limb malformations may also result from chromosomal deletions involving the HOXD and HOXA clusters, and from regulatory mutations affecting single or multiple HOX genes. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Teratogen‐induced limb defects
Authors: Holmes Lewis B. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractLimb abnormalities are one of the most common and visible phenotypic effects of several human teratogens. The specific effects are different for most teratogens and include effects on limb morphogenesis (thalidomide, warfarin, phenytoin, valproic acid) and the effect of vascular disruption on a limb that had formed normally (misoprostol, chorionic villus sampling, and phenytoin). Either duplication (preaxial polydactyly of hands and feet) or deficiency (absence of thumb) is a common effect of thalidomide; no other human teratogen identified to date has this effect on the developing limb. Procedures during pregnancy, including chorionic villus sampling and dilation and curettage, produce defects of vascular disruption. For common exposures, such as alcohol and cocaine, it has been difficult to confirm objectively the exposure during embryogenesis and to ascribe specific limb defects that are produced. The molecular basis for the limb defects produced by the recognized human teratogens remains unknown. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A blind test of mandibular morphology for sexing mandibles in the first few years of life
Authors: Scheuer Louise 
Published: October 2002

AbstractLoth and Henneberg ([2001] Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 115:179–186) proposed that consistent shape differences exist between male and female juvenile mandibles which can be used to predict sex with an accuracy of 81%. A sample of known sex and age from the Spitalfields Collection was examined blind twice and resulted in an overall accuracy of only 64%. The tests also showed that: 1) the method sexed males more reliably than females; and 2) consistency was low. Am J Phys Anthropol 119:189–191, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Revised age estimates of Australopithecus‐bearing deposits at Sterkfontein, South Africa
Authors: Berger Lee R. , Lacruz Rodrigo , De Ruiter Darryl J. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe Sterkfontein fossil site in South Africa has produced the largest concentration of early hominin fossils from a single locality. Recent reports suggest that Australopithecus from this site is found within a broad paleontological age of between 2.5–3.5 Ma (Partridge [2000] The Cenozoic of Southern Africa, Oxford: Oxford Monographs, p. 100–125; Partridge et al. [2000a], The Cenozoic of Southern Africa, Oxford: Oxford Monographs, p. 129–130; Kuman and Clarke [2000] J Hum Evol 38:827–847). Specifically, the hominin fossil commonly referred to as the “Little Foot” skeleton from Member 2, which is arguably the most complete early hominin skeleton yet discovered, has been magnetostratigraphically dated to 3.30–3.33 Ma (Partridge [2000] The Cenozoic of Southern Africa, Oxford: Oxford Monographs, p. 100–125; Partridge et al. [2000a], The Cenozoic of Southern Africa, Oxford: Oxford Monographs, p. 129–130). More recent claims suggest that hominin fossils from the Jacovec Cavern are even older, being dated to approximately 3.5 Ma. Our interpretation of the fauna, the archeometric results, and the magnetostratigraphy of Sterkfontein indicate that it is unlikely that any Members yet described from Sterkfontein are in excess of 3.04 Ma in age. We estimate that Member 2, including the Little Foot skeleton, is younger than 3.0 Ma, and that Member 4, previously dated to between 2.4–2.8 Ma, is more likely to fall between 1.5–2.5 Ma. Our results suggest that Australopithecus africanus should not be considered as a temporal contemporary of Australopithecus afarensis, Australopithecus bahrelghazali, and Kenyanthropus platyops. Am J Phys Anthropol 119:192–197, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Alzheimer's second patient: Johann F. and his family
Authors: Klünemann Hans H. , Fronhöfer Wolfgang , Wurster Herbert , Fischer Wolfgang , Ibach Bernd , Klein Helmfried E. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAlois Alzheimer evaluated five cases of Alzheimer's disease in the early 20th century. We focused on the family of “Johann F.,” Alzheimer's second patient, who died in October 1910 at age 57 years, and whose brain pathology is typical of a subgroup of Alzheimer's disease, the so‐called “plaque‐only type.” It was perhaps Emil Kraepelin's personal knowledge of this patient and the histological data of the other four cases that influenced Kraepelin to coin the term Alzheimer's disease. The church archive in Passau has a genealogical database drawn from sacramental registers dating from approximately 1580 to 1900. The genealogical data of the “Johann F.” family, which comes from villages in Lower Bavaria, extends as far back as 1670. We found documentation starting around 1830 about cause of death in the church records, which shows a familial predisposition to dementia. Affected family members include the mother, maternal grandfather, maternal great‐aunt, maternal great‐grandfather as well as three of Johann F.'s eight siblings. The offspring (children and grandchildren) of these affected siblings also were affected by mental illness. We conclude that “Johann F.” represents the index case of a family with a predisposition to presenile dementia with variable age of onset (30s to 60s).
Synthesis of ultraviolet‐curable modified polysiloxane and its surface properties
Authors: Tan Bien , Pan Huiming , Irshad Hussain , Chen Xiaohui 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA novel ultraviolet (UV)‐curable monomer α,ω‐dichloropolysiloxane was synthesized by the telomerization of dichlorodimethylsilane and octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4). The products with very low peel strength (<0.332 N/cm) could be used as release agents in pressure‐sensitive adhesives. Moreover, the values of the dispersion component of surface energy (γ) from the films of UV‐curable prepolymers (26.40–33.75 mJ/m2) were determined and the effects of γ on the reduction of adhesion were investigated. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 2135–2139, 2002
Study on the catalytic behavior of metal acetylacetonates for epoxy curing reactions
Authors: Zhang Zhuqing , Wong C. P. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractMetal acetylacetonates are effective latent catalysts for epoxy/anhydride systems. A screen test on the catalytic behavior of metal acetylacetonate shows that this system offers a wide range of curing latency and material properties. It can be inferred that the curing behavior is closely related to the bonding strength of the metal ion to the ligand. Isothermal kinetic study on the catalytic behavior of metal chelates with first‐row transition metal ions is conducted and analyzed by using an autocatalytic model. It is found that the activation energy of the system containing the divalent metal chelates follows the Irving and Williams rule. The activation energies of the reaction obtained in the kinetic study are compared with the dissociation energies of the metal/ligand bond and the results are discussed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 1572–1579, 2002
Recycling of blends of acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) and polyamide
Authors: Liu Xiaodong , Boldizar Antal , Rigdahl Mikael , Bertilsson Hans 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe aim of this work is to evaluate routes to upgrade recycled engineering plastics, especially mixed plastics with acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene copolymers (ABS) as the major component. A core‐shell impact modifier was successfully used to improve the impact strength of blends of ABS and ABS/polycarbonate (PC) blends recycled from the automotive industry. However, the presence of other immiscible components like polyamide (PA), even in small amounts, can lead to a deterioration in the overall properties of the blends. A styrene–maleic anhydride (SMA) copolymer and other commercial polymer blends were used to promote the compatibilization of ABS and PA. The core‐shell impact modifier was again found to be an efficient additive with regard to the impact strength of the compatibilized ABS/PA blends. The results obtained with fresh material blends were quite promising. However, in blends of recycled ABS and glass‐fiber‐reinforced PA, the impact strength did not exhibit the desired behavior. The presence of poorly bonded glass fibers in the blend matrix was the probable reason for the poor impact strength compared with that of a blend of recycled ABS and mineral‐filled PA. Although functionalized triblock rubbers (SEBS–MA) can substantially enhance the impact strength of PA, they did not improve the impact strength of ABS/PA blends because the miscibility with ABS is poor. The possibilities of using commercial polymer blends to compatibilize otherwise incompatible polymer mixtures were also explored giving promising results. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 2535–2543, 2002
Miscibility and the specific interaction of polyhydroxybutyrate blended with polyvinylacetate and poly(vinyl acetate‐co‐vinyl alcohol) with some biological applications
Authors: Abou‐Aiad T. H. , El‐Sabee M. Z. , Abd‐El‐Nour K. N. , Saad G. R. , El‐Sayed El‐Sayed A. , Gaafar E. A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBacterially produced polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) polymer has a lot of potential as an application for environmentally degradable plastics. We aimed in this study to blend PHB with the semicrystalline polymers poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) and poly(vinyl acetate‐co‐vinyl alcohol) (PACA) to obtain material with better physical properties. We investigated compatibility over a wide composition range using different techniques. Viscosity measurements were used to study polymer–polymer miscibility in dilute solutions with chloroform as cosolvent. The data is discussed according to the viscosity interaction parameters, which are treated as excess properties by similarity with those of real solutions. Dielectric investigations were carried out at different frequencies ranging from 100 Hz to 50 kHz. The obtained data indicated that more than one relaxation mechanism was present, which were ascribed to the rotation of the main chain and its related motions. A glass‐transition temperature composition diagram, IR spectroscopy, and a morphological investigation were also used to give more information about the compatibility of such blends. The results of this study indicate that PHB/PVAc is semicompatible, whereas PHB/PACA is compatible at least in the assayed composition range of hydrolysis. We also extended the study to carry out some biological activity investigations, which were tested against the representative number of pathogenic organisms with the disk diffusion method. The different compositions of the investigated blend were biologically active when compared with the individual polymers. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 2363–2374, 2002
Structure and properties of regenerated cellulose films coated with polyurethane–nitrolignin graft‐IPNs coating
Authors: Huang Jin , Zhang Lina 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA regenerated cellulose film (RC) was coated with a graft‐IPNs coating, which was composed of castor oil‐based polyurethane and 2.8 wt % nitrolignin (NL), to obtain water‐resistant films. The effects of NCO/OH molar ratio and different polyols, such as 1,4‐butanediol (BDO) and trimethanol propane (TMP), on the structure and properties of the coated RC films were investigated. With an increase of the NCO/OH molar ratio, the tensile strength of the coated films increased, but the water resistivity and size contraction hardly changed. The coated films with TMP exhibited the higher breaking elongation at 1.5 of the NCO/OH molar ratio, while those with BDO have more excellent tensile strength, water resistivity, and dimensional stability. The coated films with the graft‐IPNs coating exhibited superior water resistivity and dimensional stability. The light transmittance of the coated films was more excellent than that of the RC film. Moreover, the results from the IR and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) showed that the chemical bonding occurred between cellulose and coating, and the introduction of NL plays an important role in the enhancement of the interface adhesion of the coated films. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) depicted the flat and dense surface of the coated films, which restricted the water vapor penetration and the size contraction, resulting in the enhancement of water resistivity. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 1799–1806, 2002
Recalculation of the monomer reactivity and experimental differences in emulsion and microemulsion copolymerizations of partially water‐soluble monomers
Authors: Bhawal Sumit , Devi Surekha 
Published: October 2002

AbstractOn the basis of the copolymerization data for the emulsion and microemulsion polymerizations of ethyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate, the monomer concentrations at the copolymerization loci were calculated, with the assumption that the sum of their concentrations at the polymerization loci was equal to unity. The equivalency of the locus and feed concentrations, as for styrene, was invalid because of the partial water solubility of both the monomers. Consequently, the locus concentration rather than the initial feed concentration was used to recalculate the monomer reactivity at the actual site of polymerization, and this was called the true reactivity ratio. The apparent reactivity ratios for emulsion and bulk polymerizations were different, whereas those for microemulsion and bulk polymerizations were similar. This difference was attributed to the mode of polymerization in the emulsions and microemulsions, leading to different copolymer compositions for similar initial feed concentrations. This was verified experimentally from the thermal properties and particle size distribution measurements. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 2802–2810, 2002
Continuous emulsion polymerization of vinyl acetate. II Operation in a single Couette–Taylor vortex flow reactor using sodium lauryl sulfate as emulsifier
Authors: Xue W. , Yoshikawa K. , Oshima A. , Sato S. , Nomura M. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractContinuous emulsion polymerizations of vinyl acetate were conducted at 50°C in a single continuous Couette–Taylor vortex flow reactor (CCTVFR) using sodium lauryl sulfate as emulsifier and potassium persulfate as initiator. The polymerization can be carried out very smoothly and stably, but the steady‐state monomer conversion attained in a CCTVFR is not as high as that in a plug flow reactor (PFR), but only slightly higher than that in a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR), even if the Taylor number is adjusted to an optimum value. Also, the effects of operating variables, such as the emulsifier, initiator, and monomer concentrations in the feed and the mean residence time on the kinetic behaviors were almost the same as those observed in a CSTR. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 2755–2762, 2002
Molecular weight distribution of polyacrylonitrile produced in supercritical CO2
Authors: Teng Xin‐rong , Shao Hui‐li , Hu Xue‐chao 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAn effectively linear molecular weight calibration curve of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) was obtained using a copolymer standard with a single broad molecular weight distribution. The molecular weights and molecular weight distributions of PAN obtained from precipitation polymerization of acrylonitrile in supercritical CO2 were quantitated by the calibration curve. The effects of monomer concentration, initiator concentration, the CO2 pressure, and the total reaction time on the molecular weight and molecular weight distribution were studied in detail. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 2338–2341, 2002
Adeno‐associated virus–mediated osteoprotegerin gene transfer protects against particulate polyethylene–induced osteolysis in a murine model
Authors: Yang Shang‐You , Mayton Lois , Wu Bin , Goater J. Jeffrey , Schwarz Edward M. , Wooley Paul H. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractObjectiveOsteoprotegerin (OPG), a natural negative regulator of osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption, may be a potential therapeutic agent for treatment of osteolysis‐associated prosthetic joint loosening. Using an in vivo adeno‐associated virus (AAV)–mediated gene transfer technique, this study was designed to evaluate the protective effects of OPG transgene against orthopedic wear debris–induced bone loss in a murine model of osteolysis.MethodsBone tissue was implanted into established pouches on BALB/c mice, followed by the introduction of ultra‐high‐molecular‐weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) particles to provoke inflammation and osteolysis. The viruses encoding human OPG gene (rAAV‐hOPG) or β‐galactosidase marker gene (rAAV‐LacZ) were injected into the air pouches, and the tissue was harvested 7 days after viral infection for histologic and molecular analyses.ResultsSuccessful transgene expression was confirmed by the detection of OPG by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and positive X‐Gal staining of pouch tissue (LacZ). Real‐time polymerase chain reaction indicated significant diminishment of messenger RNA expression of osteoclast markers in OPG‐transduced pouches compared with rAAV‐LacZ–transduced pouches. The transduction and expression of OPG also markedly decreased the gene copies of the biologic receptor activator of nuclear factor κB. The expression of OPG in the bone‐implanted pouch reduced bone calcium release by a mean of 39% compared with the calcium release in the other 2 groups. Computerized image analysis revealed that expression of OPG significantly protected against bone collagen loss.ConclusionOPG gene transfer mediated by rAAV effectively protects against particulate polyethylene–induced bone resorption in this experimental model. Data suggest that gene transfer using rAAV‐OPG may be a feasible and effective therapeutic candidate to treat or prevent wear debris–associated osteolysis and aseptic loosening.