bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Divergent rhizosphere and non‐rhizosphere soil microbial structure and function in long‐term warmed steppe due to altered root exudation
Authors: Yu Yang , Zhou Yong , Janssens Ivan A. , Deng Ye , He Xiaojia , Liu Lingli , Yi Yin , Xiao Nengwen , Wang Xiaodong , Li Chao , Xiao Chunwang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWhile there is an extensive body of research on the influence of climate warming on total soil microbial communities, our understanding of how rhizosphere and non‐rhizosphere soil microorganisms respond to warming remains limited. To address this knowledge gap, we investigated the impact of 4 years of soil warming on the diversity and composition of microbial communities in the rhizosphere and non‐rhizosphere soil of a temperate steppe, focusing on changes in root exudation rates and exudate compositions. We used open top chambers to simulate warming conditions, resulting in an average soil temperature increase of 1.1°C over a span of 4 years. Our results showed that, in the non‐rhizosphere soil, warming had no significant impact on dissolved organic carbon concentrations, compositions, or the abundance of soil microbial functional genes related to carbon and nitrogen cycling. Moreover, soil microbial diversity and community composition remained largely unaffected, although warming resulted in increased complexity of soil bacteria and fungi in the non‐rhizosphere soil. In contrast, warming resulted in a substantial decrease in root exudate carbon (by 19%) and nitrogen (by 12%) concentrations and induced changes in root exudate compositions, primarily characterized by a reduction in the abundance in alcohols, coenzymes and vitamins, and phenylpropanoids and polyketides. These changes in root exudation rates and exudate compositions resulted in significant shifts in rhizosphere soil microbial diversity and community composition, ultimately leading to a reduction in the complexity of rhizosphere bacterial and fungal community networks. Altered root exudation and rhizosphere microbial community composition therefore decreased the expression of functional genes related to soil carbon and nitrogen cycling. Interestingly, we found that changes in soil carbon‐related genes were primarily driven by the fungal communities and their responses to warming, both in the rhizosphere and non‐rhizosphere soil. The study of soil microbial structure and function in rhizosphere and non‐rhizosphere soil provides an ideal setting for understanding mechanisms for governing rhizosphere and non‐rhizosphere soil carbon and nitrogen cycles. Our results highlight the distinctly varied responses of soil microorganisms in the rhizosphere and non‐rhizosphere soil to climate warming. This suggests the need for models to address these processes individually, enabling more accurate predictions of the impacts of climate change on terrestrial carbon cycling.
Human activity and climate change accelerate the extinction risk to non‐human primates in China
Authors: Li Wen‐Bo , Teng Yang , Zhang Ming‐Yi , Shen Ying , Liu Jia‐Wen , Qi Ji‐Wei , Wang Xiao‐Chen , Wu Rui‐Feng , Li Jin‐Hua , Garber Paul A. , Li Ming 
Published: December 2023

AbstractHuman activity and climate change affect biodiversity and cause species range shifts, contractions, and expansions. Globally, human activities and climate change have emerged as persistent threats to biodiversity, leading to approximately 68% of the ~522 primate species being threatened with extinction. Here, we used habitat suitability models and integrated data on human population density, gross domestic product (GDP), road construction, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), the location of protected areas (PAs), and climate change to predict potential changes in the distributional range and richness of 26 China's primate species. Our results indicate that both PAs and NDVI have a positive impact on primate distributions. With increasing anthropogenic pressure, species' ranges were restricted to areas of high vegetation cover and in PAs surrounded by buffer zones of 2.7–4.5 km and a core area of PAs at least 0.1–0.5 km from the closest edge of the PA. Areas with a GDP below the Chinese national average of 100,000 yuan were found to be ecologically vulnerable, and this had a negative impact on primate distributions. Changes in temperature and precipitation were also significant contributors to a reduction in the range of primate species. Under the expected influence of climate change over the next 30–50 years, we found that highly suitable habitat for primates will continue to decrease and species will be restricted to smaller and more peripheral parts of their current range. Areas of high primate diversity are expected to lose from 3 to 7 species. We recommend that immediate action be taken, including expanding China's National Park Program, the Ecological Conservation Redline Program, and the Natural Forest Protection Program, along with a stronger national policy promoting alternative/sustainable livelihoods for people in the local communities adjacent to primate ranges, to offset the detrimental effects of anthropogenic activities and climate change on primate survivorship.
The impact of paravertebral nerve blockade on postoperative surgical site wound pain management in patients undergoing video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery for pulmonary carcinoma resection
Authors: Zhang Liyun , Shen Jie , Luo Yan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractManagement of postoperative pain is of vital importance for patients undergoing Video‐Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS) for Pulmonary Carcinoma Resection. The study evaluates the impact of Paravertebral Nerve Blockade (PNB) in conjunction with general anaesthesia on postoperative pain relief, as compared with general anaesthesia alone. A retrospective analysis was carried out from May 2020 to May 2023, involving 100 patients with pathologically confirmed pulmonary carcinoma. The patients were divided into two groups: a control group that received general anaesthesia and an observation group that received a combination of general anaesthesia and PNB. The intensity of postoperative pain was assessed at various time intervals using the visual analogue scale (VAS), while the effectiveness of patient‐controlled analgesia was also evaluated. Additionally, the study examined the incidence rates of chronic pain in the postoperative period. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS version 27.0. Significant reductions in VAS scores for both resting and cough‐induced pain were observed in the observation group at 2 and 6 h post‐operation (p < 0.01). However, the difference diminished over time. The observation group had fewer patient‐controlled analgesia activations and required lower dosages of hydromorphone at both 24‐ and 48‐h post‐operation. The incidence of chronic pain was also significantly lower in the observation group (24.00%) compared with the control group (54.00%) (p < 0.01). PNB, when administered in combination with general anaesthesia, significantly reduces immediate postoperative pain and the requirement for additional analgesics in patients undergoing VATS for pulmonary carcinoma resection. The effect diminishes over time but has a lasting impact on reducing the incidence of chronic postoperative pain.
Effect of comprehensive nursing intervention on wound pain and wound complications in patients with tonsillectomy: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Wu Jian‐Li , Zhang Qin , Zhang Li‐Hua , Li Jun‐Yi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractTo systematically evaluate the effects of comprehensive nursing interventions on wound pain and complications in patients after tonsillectomy, with a view to providing a reference basis for future post‐tonsillectomy care. According to the developed literature search strategy, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, Wanfang, China Biomedical Literature Database and China National Knowledge Infrastructure database were systematically searched, from database inception to October 2023, for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of the application of comprehensive nursing interventions in patients undergoing tonsillectomy. Two researchers independently screened the literature, evaluated the risk of bias of the included studies and extracted data in strict accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria. RevMan 5.4 software was applied for data analysis. Overall, 18 RCTs involving 1954 patients were included, including 967 in the comprehensive nursing group and 987 in the conventional nursing group. The analyses revealed that compared with conventional nursing, patients who received comprehensive nursing interventions had lower postoperative wound pain scores (standardised mean difference [SMD]: −2.30, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −2.19 to −1.70, p < 0.00001), shorter hospital stays (SMD: ‐1.95, 95% CI: −2.39 to −1.51, p < 0.00001), incidence of postoperative haemorrhage (1.60% vs. 6.41%, odds ratio [OR]: 0.29, 95% CI: 0.12–0.70, p = 0.006) and complication rates (4.21% vs. 19.01%, OR: 0.19, 95% CI: 0.11–0.32, p < 0.00001) was lower. This study concludes as follows: comprehensive nursing intervention applied to tonsillectomy can significantly reduce patients' postoperative wound pain, shorten hospital stay, reduce postoperative bleeding and postoperative complications, which is worthy of being promoted and applied in the clinic.
Genome‐wide association studies for diarrhoea outcomes identified genomic regions affecting resistance to a severe enteropathy in suckling rabbits
Authors: Bovo Samuele , Ribani Anisa , Schiavo Giuseppina , Taurisano Valeria , Bertolini Francesca , Fornasini Daniela , Frabetti Andrea , Fontanesi Luca 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSelection and breeding strategies to improve resistance to enteropathies are essential to reaching the sustainability of the rabbit production systems. However, disease heterogeneity (having only as major visible symptom diarrhoea) and low disease heritability are two barriers for the implementation of these strategies. Diarrhoea condition can affect rabbits at different life stages, starting from the suckling period, with large negative economic impacts. In this study, from a commercial population of suckling rabbits (derived from 133 litters) that experienced an outbreak of enteropathy, we first selected a few animals that died with severe symptoms of diarrhoea and characterized their microbiota, using 16S rRNA gene sequencing data. Clostridium genus was consistently present in all affected specimens. In addition, with the aim to identify genetic markers in the rabbit genome that could be used as selection tools, we performed genome‐wide association studies for symptoms of diarrhoea in the same commercial rabbit population. These studies were also complemented with FST analyses between the same groups of rabbits. A total of 332 suckling rabbits (151 with severe symptoms of diarrhoea, 42 with mild symptoms and 129 without any symptoms till the weaning period), derived from 45 different litters (a subset of the 133 litters) were genotyped with the Affymetrix Axiom OrcunSNP Array. In both genomic approaches, rabbits within litters were paired to constitute two groups (susceptible and resistant, including the mildly affected in one or the other group) and run case and control genome‐wide association analyses. Genomic heritability estimated in the designed experimental structure integrated in a commercial breeding scheme was 0.19–0.21 (s.e. 0.09–0.10). A total of eight genomic regions on rabbit chromosome 2 (OCU2), OCU3, OCU7, OCU12, OCU13, OCU16 and in an unassembled scaffold had significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and/or markers that trespassed the FST percentile distribution. Among these regions, three main peaks of SNPs were identified on OCU12, OCU13 and OCU16. The QTL region on OCU13 encompasses several genes that encode members of a family of immunoglobulin Fc receptors (FCER1G, FCRLA, FCRLB and FCGR2A) involved in the immune innate system, which might be important candidate genes for this pathogenic condition. The results obtained in this study demonstrated that resistance to an enteropathy occurring in suckling rabbits is in part genetically determined and can be dissected at the genomic level, providing DNA markers that could be used in breeding programmes to increase resistance to enteropathies in meat rabbits.
Manufacturing of emulsion type garlic paste: Characterization of rheological properties as affected by lecithin, guar gum, and olive oil using steady, dynamic, and three interval thixotropy tests
Authors: Kutlu Gozde , Baslar Mehmet , Yilmaz Mustafa Tahsin , Karaman Safa , Vardar Umay‐Sevgi , Poyraz‐Yildirim Ecem , Sagdic Osman 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe objective of this work was to investigate the steady, dynamic mechanical properties, and 3 interval thixotropy test (3 ITT) characterization of emulsion type garlic paste prepared with different concentrations of lecithin, guar gum, and olive oil. A three factor and three level Box Behnken design of response surface methodology was used to specify the physicochemical, steady shear, viscoelastic and deformation and recovery properties (applying 3 ITT) of paste. Garlic paste samples showed non‐Newtonian shear thinning behavior and Herchel–Bulkley model was fitted to the data satisfactorily (R2 > 0.85). Dry matter contents were in the range of 37.13%–41.14% depending on the processing variables. Dynamic mechanical spectrum showed that the garlic paste was weak gel having dominant viscous behavior compared to elastic behavior. Three interval thixrotropy test showed that the samples showed partial recovery after deformation due to the weak gel like character. Optimization showed that the maximum consistency (114.6 Pa sn) would be at 2.11 g lecithin, 0.11 g guar gum and 14.96 mL olive oil while the minimum value (49.16 Pa sn) would be at 1.02 g lecithin, 0.11 g guar gum, and 5.81 mL olive oil. Overall, the findings of this investigation revealed that the physicochemical and rheological characteristics of garlic paste can be significantly influenced by the concentrations of lecithin, guar gum, and olive oil. It is crucial to carefully select the appropriate concentration levels to achieve the desired quality of garlic paste.Practical applicationsGarlic is one the most popular vegetables consumed by the people due to its characteristic taste and aroma. Because of its functional properties, garlic is also used as an additive for food formulation. In this study, garlic is used for the production of garlic paste which could be used for food formulations as a taste enhancer or salad aromatizer. Accurate and dependable rheological data play a crucial role in designing flow processes, assessing the deformation and recovery rates of substances during various engineering operations and preparation of new food formulations. In this context, we developed a predictive model by response surface methodology which estimates physico‐chemical and rheological properties of garlic paste samples. Therefore, this study holds significant importance in terms of estimating the physicochemical and rheological properties of garlic paste for food manufacturers.
Prevalence of cognitive impairment in home health physical therapy
Authors: Miller Matthew J. , Cenzer Irena , Barnes Deborah E. , Ankuda Claire K. , Covinsky Kenneth E. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence of cognitive impairment in home health physical therapy (HHPT) is unknown. We sought to identify the prevalence of cognitive impairment, including cognitive impairment no dementia (CIND) and dementia, among older adults who used HHPT, and if cognitive impairment prevalence was higher among those with HHPT‐relevant characteristics.MethodsFor our cross‐sectional analysis, we identified 963 fee‐for‐service Medicare beneficiaries with HHPT claims (>85 years old: 28.8%, women: 63.7%, non‐Hispanic White: 82.1%) in the 2014 and 2016 waves of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) and used a validated algorithm to categorize cognitive status as normal, CIND, or dementia. We estimated the population prevalence and calculated age, gender, race/ethnicity adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of CIND and dementia for characteristics relevant to HHPT service delivery including depression, walking difficulty, fall history, incontinence, moderate‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA) ≤1x/week, and community‐initiated HHPT using multinomial logistic regression.ResultsThe population prevalence of cognitive impairment was 46.4% (CIND: 27.3%, dementia: 19.1%). The prevalence of cognitive impairment was greater among those with depression (46.7% vs. 39.5%), difficulty walking across the room (58.9% vs. 41.8%), fall history (49.1% vs. 42.9%), MVPA ≤1x/week (50.0% vs. 38.0%), and community‐initiated HHPT (55.2% vs. 40.2%). Compared to normal cognitive status, the odds of cognitive impairment were greater for those with MVPA≤1x/week (CIND: aOR = 1.57 [95% CI: 1.05–2.33], dementia: aOR = 2.55 [95% CI: 1.54–4.22]), depression (dementia: aOR = 1.99 [95% CI: 1.19–3.30]), difficulty walking across the room (dementia: aOR = 2.54 [95% CI: 1.40–4.60]), fall history (dementia: aOR = 1.85 [95% CI: 1.20–2.83]), and community‐initiated HHPT (dementia: aOR = 1.72 (95% CI: 1.13–2.61]).ConclusionThere is a high prevalence of CIND and dementia in HHPT, and no characteristics had a low prevalence of cognitive impairment. Physical therapists should be ready to identify cognitive impairment and adapt home health service delivery for this vulnerable population of older adults.
Phenotypic plasticity for improved light harvesting, in tandem with methylome repatterning in reef‐building corals
Authors: Gomez‐Campo Kelly , Sanchez Robersy , Martinez‐Rugerio Isabel , Yang Xiaodong , Maher Tom , Osborne C. Cornelia , Enriquez Susana , Baums Iliana B. , Mackenzie Sally A. , Iglesias‐Prieto Roberto 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAcclimatization through phenotypic plasticity represents a more rapid response to environmental change than adaptation and is vital to optimize organisms' performance in different conditions. Generally, animals are less phenotypically plastic than plants, but reef‐building corals exhibit plant‐like properties. They are light dependent with a sessile and modular construction that facilitates rapid morphological changes within their lifetime. We induced phenotypic changes by altering light exposure in a reciprocal transplant experiment and found that coral plasticity is a colony trait emerging from comprehensive morphological and physiological changes within the colony. Plasticity in skeletal features optimized coral light harvesting and utilization and paralleled significant methylome and transcriptome modifications. Network‐associated responses resulted in the identification of hub genes and clusters associated to the change in phenotype: inter‐partner recognition and phagocytosis, soft tissue growth and biomineralization. Furthermore, we identified hub genes putatively involved in animal photoreception–phototransduction. These findings fundamentally advance our understanding of how reef‐building corals repattern the methylome and adjust a phenotype, revealing an important role of light sensing by the coral animal to optimize photosynthetic performance of the symbionts.
The LysR‐type transcriptional regulator LelA co‐regulates various effectors in different Legionella species
Authors: Shapira Naomi , Zusman Tal , Segal Gil 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe intracellular pathogen Legionella pneumophila translocates more than 300 effector proteins into its host cells. The expression levels of the genes encoding these effectors are orchestrated by an intricate regulatory network. Here, we introduce LelA, the first L. pneumophila LysR‐type transcriptional regulator of effectors. Through bioinformatic and experimental analyses, we identified the LelA target regulatory element and demonstrated that it directly activates the expression of three L. pneumophila effectors (legL7, legL6, and legU1). We further found that the gene encoding LelA is positively regulated by the RpoS sigma factor, thus linking it to the known effector regulatory network. Examination of other species throughout the Legionella genus revealed that this regulatory element is found upstream of 34 genes encoding validated effectors, putative effectors, and hypothetical proteins. Moreover, ten of these genes were examined and found to be activated by the L. pneumophila LelA as well as by their orthologs in the corresponding species. LelA represents a novel type of Legionella effector regulator, which coordinates the expression of both adjacently and distantly located effector‐encoding genes, thus forming small groups of co‐regulated effectors.
Local sales tax exportation: The impact of commuters, tourists, and college students on the tax base
Authors: Afonso Whitney B. , Moulton Jeremy G. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractLocal sales tax bases are determined by factors including businesses, residential populations, and nonresidential visitors. This paper capitalizes on the COVID‐19 pandemic, using the sudden absence of in‐commuters, tourists, and college students to estimate the contributions these populations have on the sales tax base in North Carolina's 100 counties. The findings suggest that losing one in‐commuter results in a loss of roughly $1000 a month in taxable sales. Similarly, the loss of one hotel night booking results in a loss in taxable sales of approximately $525. This translates, for the median county, to exporting 17% to in‐commuters and 12% to tourists. The impact on the loss of a residential college student is less clear.
Improvement of severe alopecia areata in an adolescent patient on upadacitinib
Authors: Ha Gi Ung , Kim Jin Ho , Jang Yong Hyun 
Published: December 2023

AbstractRecently, alopecia areata (AA) treatment via the Janus kinase (JAK)‐signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway has been reported. However, as baricitinib, a JAK1/2 inhibitor is only approved for adult patients, children, and adolescent patients still lack treatment options. We present a case that showed improvement of severe AA in an adolescent patient on upadacitinib, which has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in patients with rheumatoid disease or atopic dermatitis (AD) in children aged 12 years or older and weighing 40 kg or more. Herein, we suggest that upadacitinib can be a good alternative for adolescent patients with AA, particularly those who may also have AD.