bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Cytomic” data system modules—modern electronic devices for flow cytometric data handling and presentation
Authors: Kachel V. , Schedler K. , Schneider H. , Haack L. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFlow cytometric investigations can be very complex when several parameters of cells are to be measured and cells must be sorted. On the other hand, many questions may be answered by a single‐parameter analysis. The Cytomic modular data system can easily be adapted to such different needs of flow cytometry. It consists of four types of modules which can be used as stand‐alone elements or can be combined into a larger data system: CYTOMIC 12, a one‐and two‐parameter analyzer; CYTOMIC 123, a module mainly provided for on‐line three‐parameter data uptake and processing; CYTOMIC SORT, a fully software‐controlled sort module, where sort windows may be selected by a built‐in light pen; and the CYTOMIC LIST list mode module, which is able to collect up to eight cell parameters unclassified on a 1.2‐MB floppy disk. Each module built from Z80 microprocessor Eurocards has its own keyboard, display screen, power supply, analog‐to‐digital pulse height conversion equipment, and an intermodule data communication bus. Each module has a preprogrammed set of functions, which is specially tailored for flow cytometric applications. This kind of data system allows the user to start with a single module for one‐and two‐parameter analysis. When required, the system may successively be enlarged without losing the stand‐alone feature of each module.
Instruments for rapid cytophotometric analysis of morphologically identified clinical cell material
Authors: Carlson Leon , Auer Gert , Kudynowski Jan , Lindblom Roland , Zetterberg Anders 
Published: August 2005

AbstractTwo instruments for cytophotometric analysis are described. The first is a generally applicable object stage scanning microspectrophotometer for the wavelength region 240–700 nm. The microscopic image is shown on a monitor screen and delineation of the analyzed objects is made with the aid of a light pen. The second instrument is a high speed microscope photometer specially adapted for the measurement of DNA, nuclear protein, and projected nuclear area following combined Feulgen and Naphthol Yellow S staining. A two‐dimensional CCD sensor measures the light intensity in the microscopic image with a resolution of 0.3 μm. The objects are selected by the operator pointing the light pen at the image screen. The integrated absorbance at two different wavelengths, together with the projected area, is automatically measured for each object and presented in histogram form. Cells in clusters or sections can be measured under operator control with the help of the light pen. The time required for measuring 100 cells is 5–10 min in an ordinary preparation.The application of these instruments to the grading of cellular atypia and in the prognostic evaluation of malignant tumors is demonstrated on material from developing squamous bronchial carcinoma and in invasive mammary and prostatic adenocarcinoma.
Rotational and translational swimming of human spermatozoa: A dynamic laser light scattering study
Authors: Rigler Rudolf , Thyberg Per 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe rotational swimming motion of human spermatozoa is evaluated from measurements of depolarized dynamic laser light scattering at zero angle. The analysis is based on a Maxwellian angular velocity distribution and yields a rotational frequency of about 4 Hz that is ascribed to the rotation of the sperm head. From comparison with the translational swimming motion, a propelling efficiency of about 10 μm per turn is deduced. This parameter describes the linkage between the rotational and translational swimming motion and is likely to be discriminatory in the analysis of physiological and pathological sperm motions.
7‐amino‐actinomycin D as a specific fluorophore for DNA content analysis by laser flow cytometry
Authors: Zelenin Alexander V. , Poletaev Andrey I. , Stepanova Natalija G. , Barsky Viktor E. , Kolesnikov Viktor A. , Nikitin Sergei M. , Zhuze Alexey L. , Gnutchev Nikolai V. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA technique for DNA amount determination by flow cytometry based on the use of 7‐amino‐actinomycin D (7‐amino‐AMD), a fluorescent analogue of antibiotic actinomycin has been investigated, and a particular staining procedure has been developed. The procedure includes short fixation in 70% ethanol and staining for 20 min in 10‐5M solution of 7‐amino‐AMD at pH7. The results of DNA content measurements are very reproducible. The histograms obtained have a coefficient of variation less than 3%.The absorption maximum of the complex of 7‐amino‐AMD with DNA is situated in the green spectrum region, making this stain particularly suitable for argon laser flow cytometry.
Studies on characterization of mosquito cell lines
Authors: Wagh Ulhas V. , Chiplonkar Jayant M. , Tyagi Nirmala S. , Dighe Rajani P. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractResults of studies on characterization of mosquito cell lines are described; these include chromosome analysis, image cytometric, and flow cytometric estimation of DNA, tumorogenicity and angiogenicity, concanavalin‐A‐induced agglutination, and proton spin‐lattice relaxation time (T1). The established mosquito cell lines are not diploid lines, although their stem‐lines are diploid. Feulgen cytometry and flow cytometry reveal the inherent heterogeneity in DNA contents and support the observations on chromosome frequency distribution. Two cell lines exhibit angiogenic property and cell infiltration inchorio‐allantoic membrane of chick embryos; however, none of the cell lines tested by inoculating hamsters, mice, or adult mosquitoes exhibit tumorogenicity. The agglutinability patterns of these cells in response to concanavalin‐A treatment reveal the coexistence of agglutinable and unagglutinable cells. The mosquito cells differ from mammalian and chick cells in respect of their proton spinlattice relaxation time.
Progression of mammary adenocarcinomas as reflected by nuclear DNA content
Authors: Auer Gert U. , Fallenius Anders G. , Erhardt Kerstin Y. , Sundelin Birgitta S. B. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractIn 18 breast cancer patients the DNA histograms observed in the primary tumor at the date of diagnosis were compared with those found in the corresponding local and distant metastases at autopsy up to more than 12 yr later. All patients, except one, exhibited the same type of DNA histogram in both the primary tumor and its metastases. In one patient the DNA histogram changed from an euploid type in the primary breast carcinoma to an aneuploid type in the metastases.The results are interpreted as indicating that mammary adenocarcinoma in general exhibit a high degree of stability of the nuclear DNA content during the history of the disease. It is suggested that in breast cancer progression of the tumor disease is more likely due to a net increase arid/or dissemination of tumor cells exhibiting similar genetic properties and malignancy potential than to a progressive dedifferentiation and increase of malignancy of the tumor cells.
The prognostic significance of DNA measurements in endometrial carcinoma
Authors: Moberger B. , Auer G. , Forsslund G. , Moberger G. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractDNA analysis was performed in 71 cases of endometrial carcinoma, selected from a retrospective series of 445 cases registered at the Department of Gynecology, Radiumhemmet, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, during 1973–1975. The histological material from 37 patients surviving more than eight years was compared with that from those who died from cancer within two years.The prognostic value of the DNA distribution pattern of the tumors in relation to the clinical stage and the histological grade of the tumors was evaluated. Patients with neardiploid or ‐tetraploid tumors were found to have a significantly lower death rate than those with aneuploid tumors. The DNA distribution pattern was also found to correlate better with the survival rate than the clinical stage or the histological grade of the tumors.
A morphometric study of vascularization in uterine cervix cancers
Authors: Révész L. , Siracka Eva 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe stromal, parenchymal, and vascular cellular constituents were identified and their relative proportion determined in biopsy specimens derived from untreated uterine cervix carcinomas. In the stroma of the tumors that eventually responded well to radiation treatment resulting in a prolonged survival of the patients, the proportion of vascular cells was increased in comparison to the cases that were associated with a poor patient survival. The observations were interpreted in terms of the radiobiological oxygen effect reflecting the radiosensitivity variation of cells in tumor areas vascularized to varying extent. It was concluded that the determination of a tumor vascularity index as a routine parameter would be of a great prognostic value and would contribute to the characterization of individual tumors, leading to improved therapeutic efficiency.
Convention on nomenclature for DNA cytometry
Authors: Hiddemann Wolfgang , Schumann Johannes , Andreeff Michael , Barlogie Barthel , Herman Chester J. , Leif Robert C. , Mayall Brian H. , Murphy Robert F. , Sandberg Avery A. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe Committee on Nomenclature of the Society for Analytical Cytology presents guidelines for the analysis of DNA content by cytometry. These guidelines cover: staining of DNA; cytogenetic and cytometric terminology; DNA index; resolution of measurements; and cytometric standards.
Morphologic changes in rat urothelial cells during carcinogenesis: I. Histologic and cytologic changes
Authors: King E. B. , Vanderlaan M. , Jensen R. H. , Kromhout L. K. , Hoffman J. W. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe methods of either image or flow cytometry applied to developing bladder tumors in rats requires satisfactory cell samples and a system for cell classification that is related to the lesions from which the cells are derived. Seven‐ to eight‐week‐old male Fisher 344 rats were fed 0.05% of the carcinogen N‐butyl–4‐N‐hydroxybutylnitrosamine (BBN) in drinking water for 10 wk and then returned to tap water. Animals were killed at 14, 26, 34, 45 and 62 wk after the start of carcinogen feeding. Age‐matched untreated animals were controls. Bladders were fixed, embedded, sectioned, and histologically evaluated, or were dissociated with a trypsin/EDTA solution into single cells that were Papanicolaou stained and evaluated for cytopathologic changes. Overnight urines were collected before killing; urine sediments were Papanicolaou stained and evaluated. Histologic features were hyperplasia at 14 wk, followed by slowly progressing papillary transitional cell tumors that eventually led to invasive carcinoma and were similar to those reported for this animal model. Treated animals had cytologic features of repair at 14 and 26 wk and neoplastic features at 45 and 62 wk. Both reparative and neoplastic changes were found at 34 wk. Cells were much more numerous in urines from treated rats (> 1,000 per sample) than in urines from controls (< 1,000 per sample). Although exfoliated cells in urine samples were generally of poor quality, as many as 11% of cells were adequately preserved. Dissociated bladder cells provided an optimal sample representative of the lesions from which they were derived; cells were of excellent quality for detailed morphologic and quantitative studies.
The use of correspondence analysis in the assessment of morphologic changes during carcinogenesis
Authors: Gelsema E. S. , Hunink M. , Queiros C. E. , Timmers T. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractCorrespondence analysis is a statistical technique originally developed for the analysis of frequency and contingency tables. It may also be successfully applied to the problem of the assessment of the characteristics of samples of cytological material. The present article describes the use of this formalism on feature data measured on urothelial cells in populations obtained from rats at different time points after exposition to a carcinogenic agent. After the application of correspondence analysis, the projections of the samples corresponding to the different time points onto the plane spanned by the first two factorial axes constitute a trajectory, preserving the time ordering. The locations of the projections of cell samples of untreated animals (controls) with respect to this trajectory suggest that two different processes inducing different morphological changes are at work: Early abnormal samples are characterized by a lower‐than‐normal value of nuclear stain content, whereas late abnormals are mainly characterized by a higher‐than‐normal nuclear stain value. It is shown that populations of selected atypical cells show less variation throughout the carcinogenic process than populations of randomly selected cells.
Quantitation of cell kinetic responses using simultaneous flow cytometric measurements of DNA and nuclear protein
Authors: Pollack A. , Moulis H. , Block N. L. , Irvin G. L. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA rapid procedure was developed for the simultaneous flow cytometric analysis of nuclear protein using fluorescein isothiocyanate, and DNA using propidium iodide in isolated nuclei. The staining procedure did not involve centrifugation and was easily adapted to the staining of human peripheral blood lymphocytes stimulated with phytohemagglutinin, EL4 murine lymphoid tumor cells in suspension culture, and R3327‐G rat prostatic adenocarcinoma solid tumor specimens. Histograms of unstimulated and PHA‐stimulated HPBL perturbed by actinomycin D, hydroxyurea, 3H‐TdR, colcemid, or hydroxyurea + colcemid showed that (1) resting, noncycling G1 (G1Q) cells are distinguished from late G1 (G1AB) cells, (2) early G2 (G2A) cells are distinguished from late G2 (G2B) cells, and (3) mitotic cells are distinguished from G2 cells. Treatment with hydroxyurea resulted in a build‐up of cells having high nuclear protein content and 2C DNA content (G1AB), while incubation with 3H‐TdR caused an increase in the number of cells with high nuclear protein content and 4C DNA content (G2B). Colcemid‐blocked mitotic cells were identified as having low nuclear protein content (lower than G2A nuclei) and 4C DNA content.The nuclear DNA/protein histograms of untreated and colcemid‐treated log‐phase EL4 cells provided information concerning G1A, G1B, S, G2A, G2B, and M. The method was also used to quantitate the response of androgen‐sensitive rat prostatic R3327‐G tumors to androgen deprivation following castration. Sample preparation and staining for correlated nuclear DNA/protein measurements takes approximately the same amount of time as for single parameter nuclear DNA measurements.
Concentration‐dependent effects of potassium dichromate on the cell cycle
Authors: Bakke Oddmund , Jakobsen Karin , Eik‐Nes Kristen B. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractHexavalent chromium is found to be a strong mutagen, and it also is a potential carcinogen in man. DNA flow cytometry, growth measurements, and determinations of mitotic index show that 1–2 μM K2Cr2O7 produces a prolongation of the G2 phase of the cell cycle in NHIK 3025 cells. By increasing the chromate concentrations (>2 μM K2Cr2O7) the cells are also arrested in G2 phase. We have found, using synchronized cells and measuring cell cycle time, that the most chromate‐sensitive part of the cell cycle is S phase. This phase is also somewhat prolonged, and the cells became arrested in early S phase at high toxic K2Cr2O7 concentrations (8 μM). Our results thus indicate that K2Cr2O7 has an effect within S phase—maybe on DNA/RNA synthesis—and also interferes with processes necessary for progression through the G2 phase.
Calculation of S‐phase numbers of four major cell categories in human bone marrow from DNA‐flow cytometry and counterflow centrifugation data
Authors: Beumer Tom , Crissman Harry , Wessels Hans , Haanen Clemens 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFractionation of heterogeneous cell populations into a number of fractions differing in cell size and composition, followed by measurement of DNA profiles and differential morphology of the samples allows the calculation, using a mathematical deconvolution procedure, of the cell proliferation of the individual categories. The method was applied to human bone marrow, fractionated by counterflow centrifugation into 10 to 15 fractions. Calculated percentage of S‐phase cells in four major categories, including myeloid, erythroid, monocytic, and lymphoid cells, were in good agreement with data obtained by tritiated thymidine autoradiography.
Flow cytometric analysis of megakaryocyte differentiation
Authors: Worthington Ronald E. , Nakeff Alexander , Micko Steven 
Published: August 2005

AbstractMegakaryocytes were isolated quantitatively from rat bone marrow by centrifugal elutriation (CE). CE‐enriched megakaryocytes were stained supravitally for either (1) DNA content with Hoechst 33342, (2) surface membrane immunofluorescence with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)‐conjugated antiplatelet antibody, or (3) both. The cells were then measured using a Becton Dickinson FACS IV flow cytometer. The following correlations were analyzed: (1) DNA content and light scatter, (2) light scatter and antiplatelet immunofluorescence, and (3) DNA content and antiplatelet immunofluorescence. Although the range of light scatter increased as a function of DNA content, discrete subpopulations of megakaryocytes with different light scatter properties were detected within each of the three principal ploidy classes (8C, 16C, and 32C). Other discrete megakaryocyte sub‐populations were revealed in the analysis of antiplatelet surface immunofluorescence as a function of degree of light scatter. The nonlinear relationship between the latter suggested that the degree of membrane immunofluorescence did not bear a simple relationship to cell size as reflected in light scatter. Megakaryocyte DNA content, on the other hand, varied in a linear fashion with membrane immunofluorescence, supporting the conclusion that there may be a proportional increase in the expression of platelet antigens with DNA content. The use of multiple markers, correlated multiparameter flow cytometry and multivectorial analysis to define differentiation on a single cell basis have revealed new complexities in this process. Flow cytometric analysis holds promise as a useful method for further characterization of megakaryocyte differentiation.
A new model for the quantitative analysis of cell movements in vitro: Definition of a shape change factor
Authors: Verschueren Hendrik , Van Larebeke Nicolas 
Published: August 2005

AbstractChanges in shape, in addition to translocations, are an important aspect of cell motility. We propose a simple geometrical model for the quantitative analysis of shape changes undergone by cultured cells. The extent to which images of a given cell do not overlap at the beginning and end of a time interval is used as a measure of motility, and a translation step included to eliminate translocation effects. Initial findings suggest that the method is widely applicable.
Counterstaining human chromosomes for flow karyology
Authors: Meyne Julianne , Bartholdi Marty F. , Travis Gayle , Cram L. Scott 
Published: August 2005

AbstractIsolated human metaphase chromosomes stained with the fluorochromes 4′‐6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole (DAPI) and chromomycin A3 (CA3), and counterstained with nonfluorescent netropsin (NTR), have been analyzed by dual‐laser flow cytometry. Counterstaining with NTR reduces DAPI fluroscence except at regions on chromosomes 1,9,15,26, and Y, corresponding to C‐band heterochromatin. Bivariate flow karyology of human chromosomes treated with this triple‐stain combination resolves chromosomes 1,9, and Y distinctly from the remaining chromosomes and resolves variations between chrosome homologues not detected by staining with propidium iodide (PI) or with the double stain combination Hoechst 33258 (HO) and CA3.
Use of somatic cell hybrids for quantitation of mutagenesis: Reduction in background mutants by fluorescence‐activated cell sorting (FACS)
Authors: Waldren Charles , Martin John , Sutherland Jeffrey , Cram Scott 
Published: August 2005

AbstractEnvironmentally induced mutations, especially those involving large scale genetic damage such as deletions and chromosome loss, are of central importance in the production of human genetic disease and cancer. We have developed a methodology, the AL assay, that permits detection of such extensive genetic changes which often escape detection in other systems in which they are lethal. The AL assay employs a human‐Chinese hamster ovary cell hybrid that retains a single human chromosome, number 11. A set of specific cell surface antigens result from genes located on opposite arms of this chromosome. Exposure to mutagens produces mutants which form colonies in the presence of complement and specific antiserum that kill nonmutant cells. The frequency and pattern of marker loss provides a measure of single gene mutation, large and small deletion, and loss of the entire chromosome 11. We have employed the indirect fluorescein conjugated isothiocyanate (FITC) technique and fluorescence‐activated cell sorting (FACS) to remove spontaneous mutants from the initial population. The 100‐fold reduction in background thus far achieved should allow accurate analysis of mutation by ionizing radiation at doses of less than 10 rad.
Flow cytometric analysis of blood cells stained with the cyanine dye DiOC1[3]: Reticulocyte quantification
Authors: Jacobberger James W. , Horan Paul K. , Hare J. Donald 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe fluorescent dye 3,3′‐dimethyloxacarbocyanine (DiOC1[3]) is taken up by all cells in mammalian blood which then fluoresce as follows: mature erythrocytes < immature erythrocytes ≃ platelets < leukocytes. A continuous fluorescence distribution can be generated for the red blood cells by flow cytometry and deconvolved into two arbitrary populations, mature and immature erythrocytes (mRBC and imRBC). This analysis mimics the established method of counting imRBC stained with the supravital dyes, new methylene blue, brilliant cresyl blue (BCB), and acridine orange (AO). However, the population of imRBC as quantified by DiOC1[3] flurorescence is a subset of reticulocytes (reticulocytes as determined by BCB assay). The advantages and disadvantages of using DiOC1[3], AO, or pyronine Y as reticulocyte stains are discussed.
Preservation of cells sorted individually onto microscope slides with a fluorescence‐activated cell sorter
Authors: Alberti S. , Stovel R. , Herzenberg L. A. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFluorescence‐activated cell sorters permit analyses and separation of cell populations based on light scatter and surface immunofluorescence parameters. Since a sorter can deposit individually identifiable cells onto a microscope slide, it was considered of interest to combine the flow measurements with analyses available on cells adhering to a surface as in, for example, morphological studies, cytoplasmic immunofluorescent staining, and mRNA in situ hybridization. A necessary condition for these studies is the preservation of cell structures after sorting. We report here a procedure suitable for this purpose. The most important features of this procedure are A) reducing the saline content of the sorter sheath fluid to about 0.0015 M (one‐hundredth that of normal saline) to prevent cell damage due to hypertonicity during drying, and B) coating the substrate with a thin layer of newborn calf serum to promote the adherence of the cells to the substrate during subsequent fixing and staining.