bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efeitos do uso de calçado biomimético na marcha de crianças típicas
Authors: Okai-Nobrega Liria Akie , Santos Thiago Ribeiro Teles , Lage Ana Paula , Araújo Priscila Albuquerque de , Souza Thales Rezende , Fonseca Sergio Teixeira 
Published: October 2023

Resumo
Objetivo O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar os parâmetros espaço temporais e cinemáticos da marcha de crianças típicas em três condições: descalças, usando calçados biomiméticos e, calçados de uso diário (não biomiméticos - próprios das crianças).
Métodos Foram analisadas variáveis espaço temporais (velocidade, comprimento e largura da passada), deslocamento vertical do centro de massa (CM), pico de flexão do joelho e altura máxima do pé, coletados via avaliação tridimensional do movimento.
Resultados Comparado com a condição descalça, o uso do calçado biomimético não foi estatisticamente diferente em relação a velocidade da marcha, comprimento da passada e altura do pé. A largura da passada e a altura do pé não foi diferente estatisticamente entre as condições estudadas. O pico de flexão do joelho foi maior nas condições com calçados comparado a condição descalça. Os calçados de uso diário apresentaram maior deslocamento vertical do COM do que nas condições com o calçado biomimético e descalço.
Conclusão Os achados deste trabalho reafirmam que o uso do calçado influencia a marcha de crianças, especificamente na fase de desenvolvimento da marcha mas, que calçados com um design biomimético tem menores impactos no padrão de marcha das crianças.
Thriving in the global competitive landscape: competitive dynamics and longevity of emerging market firms
Authors: Cho Jaeyoung 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDrawing on the competitive dynamics perspective, this study examines how competitive aggressiveness and complexity affect the longevity of emerging market firms. In a longitudinal and survival analysis of 570 publicly listed Korean firms from 1998 to 2017, I theorize and reveal that emerging market firms pursuing competitive aggressiveness and complexity are more likely to survive longer, particularly those competing in industries with high competitive pressure stemming from industry globalization. Broadly, I contribute to the competitive dynamics literature by extending the scholarly understanding of the long-term survival implications of firms’ competitive initiatives, unveiling a new boundary condition—competitive pressure from industry globalization, and broadening the spectrum of competitive dynamics research from Western to non-Western contexts.
Cryo IR spectroscopy and cryo kinetics of dinitrogen activation and cleavage by small tantalum cluster cations
Authors: Fries Daniela V. , Klein Matthias P. , Straßner Annika , Huber Maximilian E. , Luczak Maximilian , Wiehn Christopher , Niedner-Schatteburg Gereon 
Published: October 2023

We investigate small tantalum clusters Tan+, n = 2–4, for their capability to cleave N2 adsorption spontaneously. We utilize infrared photon dissociation (IR-PD) spectroscopy of isolated and size selected clusters under cryogenic conditions within a buffer gas filled ion trap, and we augment our experiments by quantum chemical simulations (at DFT level). All Tan+ clusters, n = 2–4, seem to cleave N2 efficiently. We confirm and extend a previous study under ambient conditions on Ta2+ cluster [Geng et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 115, 11680–11687 (2018)]. Our cryo studies and the concomitant DFT simulations of the tantalum trimer Ta3+ suggest cleavage of the first and activation of the second and third N2 molecule across surmountable barriers and along much-involved multidimensional reaction paths. We unravel the underlying reaction processes and the intermediates involved. The study of the N2 adsorbate complexes of Ta4+ presented here extends our earlier study and previously published spectra from (4,m), m = 1–5 [Fries et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 23(19), 11345–11354 (2021)], up to m = 12. We confirm the priory published double activation and nitride formation, succeeded by single side-on N2 coordination. Significant red shifts of IR-PD bands from these side-on coordinated μ2-κN:κN,N N2 ligands correlate with the degree of tilting towards the second coordinating Ta center. All subsequently attaching N2 adsorbates onto Ta4+ coordinate in an end-on fashion, and we find clear evidence for co-existence of end-on coordination isomers. The study of stepwise N2 adsorption revealed adsorption limits m(max) of [Tan(N2)m]+ which increase with n, and kinetic fits revealed significant N2 desorption rates upon higher N2 loads. The enhanced absolute rate constants of the very first adsorbate steps kabs(n,0) of the small Ta3+ and Ta4+ clusters independently suggest dissociative N2 adsorption and likely N2 cleavage into Ta nitrides.
Ultra-thin polymer foil cryogenic window for antiproton deceleration and storage
Authors: Latacz B. M. , Arndt B. P. , Devlin J. A. , Erlewein S. R. , Fleck M. , Jäger J. I. , Micke P. , Umbrazunas G. , Wursten E. , Abbass F. , Schweitzer D. , Wiesinger M. , Will C. , Yildiz H. , Blaum K. , Matsuda Y. , Mooser A. , Ospelkaus C. , Smorra C. , Sótér A. , Quint W. , Walz J. , Yamazaki Y. , Ulmer S. 
Published: October 2023

We present the design and characterization of a cryogenic window based on an ultra-thin aluminized biaxially oriented polyethylene terephthalate foil at T &lt; 10 K, which can withstand a pressure difference larger than 1 bar at a leak rate &lt;1×10−9 mbar l/s. Its thickness of ∼1.7 μm makes it transparent to various types of particles over a broad energy range. To optimize the transfer of 100 keV antiprotons through the window, we tested the degrading properties of different aluminum coated polymer foils of thicknesses between 900 and 2160 nm, concluding that 1760 nm foil decelerates antiprotons to an average energy of 5 keV. We have also explicitly studied the permeation as a function of coating thickness and temperature and have performed extensive thermal and mechanical endurance and stress tests. Our final design integrated into the experiment has an effective open surface consisting of seven holes with a diameter of 1 mm and will transmit up to 2.5% of the injected 100 keV antiproton beam delivered by the Antiproton Decelerator and Extra Low ENergy Antiproton ring facility of CERN.
Building up a view and understanding of the multifunctional activity of black phosphorous nanosheet modified with the metal atom
Authors: Zhang Hongyu , Xue Xiong-Xiong , Guo Gencai , Meng Haiyu , Qi Xiang , Zhong Jianxin , Huang Zongyu 
Published: October 2023

Constructing metal-semiconductor interfaces by loading metal atoms onto two-dimensional material to build atomically dispersed single-atom catalysts (SACs) has emerged as a new frontier for improving atom utilization and designing multifunctional electrocatalysts. Nowadays, studies on black phosphorus nanosheets in electrocatalysis have received much attention and the successful preparation of metal nanoparticle/black phosphorus (BP) hybrid electrocatalysts indicates BP nanosheets can serve as a potential support platform for SACs. Herein, by using large-scale ab initio calculations, we explored a large composition space of SACs with transition metal atoms supported on BP monolayer (M-BP) and built a comprehensive picture of activity trend, stability, and electronic origin towards oxygen reduction and evolution reaction (ORR and OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The results show that the catalytic activity can be widely tuned by reasonable regulation of metal atoms. Ni-, Pd-, and Pt-BP could effectively balance the binding strength of the target intermediates, thus achieving efficient bifunctional activity for OER and ORR. Favorable bifunctional catalytic performance for OER and HER can be realized on Rh-BP. Especially, Pt-BP exhibits promising trifunctional activity towards OER, ORR, and HER. Multiple-level corrections among overpotential, Gibbs free energy, orbital population, and d-band center reveal that the trend and origin of catalytic activity are intrinsically determined by the d-band center of metal sites. The thermodynamic and dynamic stability simulations demonstrate that the active metal centers are firmly anchored on BP substrate with intact M-P bonds. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the rational design of BP-based SACs toward promising multifunctional activity.
Alleviation of salinity stress in zinc oxide nanoparticle-treated Lagenaria siceraria L. by modulation of physiochemical attributes, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidative system
Authors: Javeed Ayesha , Ahmed Shakil , Sardar Rehana 
Published: October 2023

Salt stress is a major abiotic stress that affects the world’s agricultural soils and crop yield, the system that ensures food production. In the present study, three different concentrations of zinc oxide nanoparticles (250, 500 and 750 ZnO NPs mg L−1) were applied by soil drenching. The treatments aimed to improve the phytochemical characteristics of Lagenaria siceraria L. (bottle gourd) by lowering the oxidative stress brought on by salinity stress (200 ppm NaF). Green synthesised ZnO NPs were prepared, having hexagonal and spherical shapes and sizes 16–35 nm. Salt stress reduced fresh and dry biomass of plants and improved production of proline. ZnO NPs improved antioxidant response by enhancing catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities, and protecting cellular structures by eliminating free radicals and reactive oxygen species. The 500 mg L−1 ZnO NPs treatment improved total chlorophyll (31%), total soluble sugars (23%) and maintained the gas exchange parameters under salt stress. This treatment also enhanced the biosynthesis of osmotic regulators (proline) by 19%, Na+ by 22% and Zn2+ by 17%, assisting mitigation of salt stress-mediated toxicity in plants. This study demonstrates that ZnO NP-treated seedlings show improved growth attributes, suggesting that ZnO NPs could be advantageous for L. siceraria cultivation in salt polluted areas and could be utilised in place of conventional Zn fertiliser for better crop yield.
Effect of tree wood density on energy release and charcoal reflectance under constant heat exposure
Authors: Crawford Alastair J. , Feldpausch Ted R. , Marimon Junior Ben Hur , de Oliveira Edmar A. , Belcher Claire M. 
Published: October 2023

Background Charcoal increases in reflectance with increased intensity and/or duration of heating, and this has been proposed as a potential quantitative metric for fire severity. Because fuel properties also influence reflectance, relationships between heat exposure and reflectance must currently be considered fuel-specific, limiting the application of the method. Aims We assessed the effect of wood density on charcoal reflectance, to test whether it could be used as a proxy for overall variation in wood properties. Methods Wood samples from 25 tree species were charred under constant conditions in a microcalorimeter, and reflectance measured by microphotometry. Key results A positive linear relationship was found between wood density and charcoal reflectance (r = 0.53). Wood density was highly correlated with total heat release per unit volume (r = 0.94). Conclusions Wood density accounts for a substantial component of the variation in charcoal reflectance under constant heat exposure. Implications The relationship of density to reflectance shown here is relevant to the assessment of charcoals formed anaerobically, where endogenous heating (combustion of the sample itself) does not occur. In fire-produced chars, an additional increase in reflectance from endogenous heating should produce a stronger correlation, and density might account for a large component of the variation in reflectance under such conditions.
Determining the viscosity of the Navier–Stokes equations from observations of finitely many modes
Authors: Biswas Animikh , Hudson Joshua 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In this work, we ask and answer the question: when is the viscosity of a fluid uniquely determined from spatially sparse measurements of its velocity field? We pose the question mathematically as an optimization problem using the determining map (the mapping of data to an approximation made via a nudging algorithm) to define a loss functional, the minimization of which solves the inverse problem of identifying the true viscosity given the measurement data. We give explicit a priori conditions for the well-posedness of this inverse problem. In addition, we show that smallness of the loss functional implies proximity to the true viscosity. We then present an algorithm for solving the inverse problem and provide a priori verifiable conditions that ensure its convergence.
Invertible residual networks in the context of regularization theory for linear inverse problems
Authors: Arndt Clemens , Denker Alexander , Dittmer Sören , Heilenkötter Nick , Iske Meira , Kluth Tobias , Maass Peter , Nickel Judith 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Learned inverse problem solvers exhibit remarkable performance in applications like image reconstruction tasks. These data-driven reconstruction methods often follow a two-step procedure. First, one trains the often neural network-based reconstruction scheme via a dataset. Second, one applies the scheme to new measurements to obtain reconstructions. We follow these steps but parameterize the reconstruction scheme with invertible residual networks (iResNets). We demonstrate that the invertibility enables investigating the influence of the training and architecture choices on the resulting reconstruction scheme. For example, assuming local approximation properties of the network, we show that these schemes become convergent regularizations. In addition, the investigations reveal a formal link to the linear regularization theory of linear inverse problems and provide a nonlinear spectral regularization for particular architecture classes. On the numerical side, we investigate the local approximation property of selected trained architectures and present a series of experiments on the MNIST dataset that underpin and extend our theoretical findings.
Supersensitive phase estimation for hybrid interferometer using balanced homodyne detection
Authors: Shao Tao , Zhang Minyang , Li Chenlu , Wang Yuanxiang , Hu Youyou , Zhang Mingming , Liu Jun 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We have theoretically investigated the phase sensitivity of the hybrid interferometer with two coherent beams using the method of balance homodyne detection. The measurement device is a nonlinear–linear hybrid interferometer consisting of an optical parametric amplifier and a beam splitter. We prove that the phase sensitivity can beat the shot noise limit in the optimal conditions. Furthermore, we derive the quantum Cramér–Rao bound of the hybrid interferometer. The effects of transmission loss and detection loss on the measurement accuracy are discussed. The detection accuracy of this scheme is compared with that of the conventional SU (1,1) interferometer. Our results show that this scheme outperforms the conventional SU (1,1) interferometer scheme at high parametric strength. This scheme can be implemented with existing experimental techniques and will have important applications in quantum precision measurements.
A non-volatile optical filter based on a Ge2Sb2Te5-assisted microring with a tunable bandwidth and extinction ratio
Authors: Zhang Yujia , He Yu , Guo Xuhan , Su Yikai 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
A novel non-volatile optical filter with a large bandwidth (BW) and extinction ratio (ER) tunability is first experimentally demonstrated by introducing an all-optical phase change of Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST). The Si-GST hybrid device promises flexible multi-level regulation of essential filter parameters in an ultra-compact footprint of 30 μm × 13 μm. Ultra-low power consumption is realised on account of the saving of external static power that is required in other electric-optic or optic-optic-driven filters. The GST is loaded onto two triple-waveguide directional couplers located at the coupling regions of an add-drop microring resonator. By initiating the GST phase transition with pump optical pulses, the transmitted optical power to the cross port of the triple-waveguide coupler is adjustable, hence influencing the coupling efficiency states of the microring filter. Consequently, a tunable on-off ER from 0.7 dB to 18.2 dB and a tunable BW from 0.6 nm to 3.3 nm are experimentally obtained with the aid of optically manipulating the crystallization degree of GST. Our device potentially enables the realisation of high-density photonic integrated circuits, especially in dense wavelength division multiplexing networks.
An enhanced chromatic dispersion probe for simultaneous measurement of dual-axis absolute and relative displacement with nanometric resolutions
Authors: Zhao Ran , Chen Chong , Xiong Xin , Chen YuanLiu , Ju BingFeng 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This paper presents an enhanced chromatic dispersion probe for simultaneous measurement of dual-axis absolute and relative displacement with nanometric resolutions based on a 4f optical system and a signal processing algorithm. In the 4f optical system, a light source is generated by a pinhole in such a way that the employed pinhole is placed on the focal planes of the two achromatic lenses, aimed at generating a low-pass filter in the frequency domain. With a smaller pinhole, side lobes of the measured spectra are effectively suppressed and the signal-to-noise ratio is optimized, resulting in an expanded absolute measurement range and improved resolution of the two axes, and an enhanced relative measurement resolution of the dual-axis. A signal processing algorithm is proposed in such a way that in the spectral curvature region of the dual-axis output spectra, the original fitted spectrum is replaced by a linear fitting line and a newly-intersected wavelength can be obtained, resulting in an expanded measurement range of the relative displacement of the dual-axis. Numerical simulation and experiments have indicated that the absolute measurement range has been expanded to 225 μm with an enhanced resolution of 40 nm, and the measurement range of the relative displacement of the dual-axis has been expanded to 370 μm with an enhanced relative measurement resolution of 90 nm.
The transient concept of bearings: a novel strategy for RUL prediction
Authors: Zhang Xu , Guo ChenXia , Yang RuiFeng , Li Kun 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Bearings serve as integral components in mechanical devices, providing stability during mechanical transmission and reducing friction coefficients. Hence, the precise prediction of bearing remaining useful life (RUL) is paramount for the health monitoring of mechanical systems. However, traditional techniques which utilize linear degradation processes for constructing health index models often fail to adequately portray the complex relationship between degradation and time. To rectify this, we introduce The Transient Concept of Bearings and determine the degradation rate predicated on this novel concept. We construct a degradation rate model for bearings using a K-means-transformer network and leverage transfer learning methodologies to predict the RUL of bearings. Validation of the proposed concepts and demonstration of their accuracy are achieved using the PHM2012 challenge dataset, even amidst incomplete data scenarios. When compared to existing RUL prediction models, our approach not only significantly improves prediction accuracy but also sheds valuable insights into the bearing degradation process.
Functional gradient piezoelectric composite nanogenerator for self-powered touch sensor
Authors: Shi Xiaoquan , Sun Yazhou , Tian Haiying , Li Dekai , Liu Haitao 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Touch sensors play a pivotal role in the domain of human-machine interfaces. To streamline the complexity of array electrodes, this paper presents a novel functional gradient piezoelectric composite nanogenerator touch sensor by utilizing only a pair of electrodes for touch position detection through voltage measurements. The rheological characteristics of the BaTiO3/PDMS composites were evaluated, and the functional gradient nanogenerator was successfully fabricated by extrusion 3D printing. Finite element simulations revealed a significant concentration of stress in the vicinity of the touch position, which gradually diminished farther away. The output voltage demonstrated substantial variation across different touch positions, which was validated by experimental results exhibiting a similar trend. Comparing voltage values enabled the distinction of touch positions, as confirmed by both simulation and experimental findings. The nanogenerator can realize the function of human-machine interfaces.
Favorable features of a calcium phosphate cement based on a metastable α ̅-tricalcium phosphate and reinforced by hydroxyapatite whiskers
Authors: Zyman Z , Epple M , Goncharenko A , Onyshchenko O , Rokhmistrov D , Prymak O , Loza K 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The composition, impurities, ion substitutions, structure, peculiarities in crystallization and compressive strength were studied in the initial stage of setting (for 15 min) of a new cement based on a metastable

α

̅

-tricalcium phosphate and reinforced by various amounts (up to 15 wt%) of hydroxyapatite whiskers. The set cements were apatitic, highly nonstoichiometric with a Ca/P ratio below 1.5. The compressive strength increased more than twice (up to 8 MPa) at a whisker content of 4 wt% and then decreased again with increasing whisker content. The decline was associated with the growth of nanocrystals on the surface planes of whiskers and formation of micropores in the whisker vicinity caused by the consumption of the surrounding mother phase for the growth. It is expected that the micropores are favorable for the surrounding tissue to grow into enhancing the effectiveness of the set cement. The cement can primarily be used as accessible remedies for treatment of slightly-loaded bone defects.
Topological properties and anomalous transport in van der Waals ferromagnets Fe
n
GeTe2: a comparative study
Authors: Sau Jyotirmoy , Hassan S R , Kumar Nitesh , Kumar Manoranjan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Recently synthesized topological van der Waals (vdW) Fe
n
GeTe2 (n=3,4, and 5) series of compounds have drawn a lot of research interest due to their interesting magnetic properties and anomalous transport behavior. However, understanding the topological aspect of these materials’ electronic band structure is either scant or absent in the literature. In this work, we perform a comparative study of the electronic structure of all three materials to understand their topological properties and their effect on transport properties using the first-principles calculations and to derive the effective tight-binding model for these systems. All three systems exhibit ferromagnetic behavior, and the contribution of various Fe d-orbitals are also studied. Spin-orbit coupling (SOC) causes the degeneracy to be lifted and results in a finite Berry curvature (BC). Finite BC contributes to the intrinsic anomalous Hall conductivity (AHC) and Nernst conductivity (ANC) of these systems. We show that Fe3GeTe2 and Fe5GeTe2 have similar nodal line formations, while Fe4GeTe2 exhibits nodal points close to Fermi energy E

F
. We calculate AHC (σ

xy
) at zero temperature and ANC (α

xy
) at room temperature for n = 3, 4 and 5 and find that our values are consistent with transport and magnetic measurement.