bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contrasting pressure–temperature–deformation history across a vestigial craton–mobile belt boundary: the western margin of the Eastern Ghats Belt at Deobhog, India
Authors: Gupta S. , Bhattacharya A. , Raith M. , Nanda J.K. 
Published: March 2003

At Deobhog, migmatitic gneisses and granulites of the Eastern Ghats Belt are juxtaposed against a cratonic ensemble of banded augen gneiss, amphibolite and calcsilicate gneiss, intruded by late hornblende granite and dolerite. In the migmatitic gneiss unit, early isoclinal folds (syn‐D1M and D2M) are reoriented along N–S‐trending and E‐dipping shear planes (S3M), with (S1M–S3M) intersection lineations having steep to moderate plunges. The near‐peak P–T  condition was syn‐D3M (≥900 °C, 9.5 kbar), as inferred from syn‐D3M Grt+Opx‐bearing leucosomes in mafic granulites, and from thermobarometry on Grt (corona)–Opx/Cpx–Pl–Qtz assemblages. The P–T  values are consistent with the occurrence of Opx–Spr–Crd assemblages in spatially associated high‐Mg–Al pelites. A subsequent period of cooling followed by isothermal decompression (800–850 °C, c. 7 kbar) is documented by the formation of coronal garnet and its decomposition to Opx+Pl symplectites in mafic granulites. Hydrous fluid infiltration accompanying the retrograde changes is manifested in biotite replacing Opx in some lithologies.The cratonic banded gneiss–granite unit also documents two phases of isoclinal folding (D1B & D2B), with the L2B lineation girdle different from the lineation spread in the migmatitic gneiss unit. Calcsilicate gneiss (Hbl–Pl–Cpx–Scap–Cal) and amphibolite (Hbl–Pl±Grt±Cpx) within banded gneisses record syn‐D2B peak metamorphic conditions (c. 700 °C, 6.5 kbar), followed by cooling (to c. 500 °C) manifested in the stabilization of coronal clinozoisite–epidote. The D3B shear deformation post‐dates granite and dolerite intrusions and is characterized by top‐to‐the‐west movement along N–S‐trending, E‐dipping shear planes. Deformation mechanisms of quartz and feldspar in granites and banded gneisses and amphibole–plagioclase thermometry within shear bands in dolerites document an inverted syn‐D3B thermal gradient with temperature increasing from 350 to 550 °C in the west to ≥700 °C near the contact with the migmatitic gneiss unit. The thermal gradient is reflected in the stabilization of chlorite after hornblende in S3B shears to the west, and post‐D2B neosome segregation along D3B folds and shears to the east.The contrasting lithologies, early structures and peak metamorphic conditions in the two units indicate unconnected pre‐D3P–T –deformation histories. The shared D3 deformation in the two units, the syn‐D3 inverted thermal gradient preserved in the footwall cratonic rocks and the complementary cooling and hydration of the hanging wall granulites across the contact are attributed to westward thrusting of ‘hot’ Eastern Ghats granulites on ‘cool’ cratonic crust. It is suggested that the Eastern Ghats migmatitic gneiss unit is not a reworked part of the craton, but a para‐autochthonous/allochthonous unit emplaced on and amalgamated to the craton.
Individualizing the Dialysate in the Hemodialysis Patient
Authors: Palmer Biff F. 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACTIn most outpatient centers the dialysate is prepared centrally such that the composition of the dialysate is the same for all patients. When delivered in this manner most patients tolerate the procedure well. However, there are patients who tolerate the procedure poorly, which has prompted a great deal of research focused on individualizing the composition of the dialysate in order to improve patient tolerability. Prescribing a patient‐specific dialysate will become increasingly important as the age of and number of comorbid conditions increase in the dialysis population.Patients with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) depend on dialysis to maintain fluid and electrolyte balance. Hemodialysis allows for solutes to diffuse between blood and dialysate such that, over the course of the procedure, plasma composition is restored toward normal values. The makeup of the dialysate is of paramount importance in accomplishing this goal. In most outpatient settings patients receive hemodialysis using dialysate prepared in bulk and delivered via a central delivery system so that the composition of the dialysate is the same for all patients. While most patients tolerate the procedure when administered in this fashion, many patients suffer from hemodynamic instability or symptoms of dialysis disequilibrium. One strategy to improve the clinical tolerance to dialysis is to adjust the dialysate composition according to the individual characteristics of the patient. This article reviews recent developments on how the dialysate can be manipulated in order to improve patient tolerance. Individualizing the dialysate composition is likely to gain increasing importance given the advancing age and increasing number of comorbid conditions found in ESRD patients.
Dialysis‐Induced Oxidative Stress: Biological Aspects, Clinical Consequences, and Therapy
Authors: Descamps‐Latscha Béatrice , Drüeke Tilman , Witko‐Sarsat Véronique 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACTOxidative stress, which results from a rupture in the natural balance between pro‐ and antioxidant systems, is considered as a major factor in dialysis‐associated morbidity and mortality. Emerging pharmacologic and dialytic antioxidant therapeutic and dialysis strategies should enable us to reduce the harmful consequences of oxidative stress in dialysis patients. Moreover, since there is increasing evidence of oxidative stress long before the initiation of maintenance dialysis, antioxidant therapeutic strategies should probably be developed very early in the course of renal failure.
Extended Follow‐Up of Patients with Stage T2a Prostate Adenocarcinoma After Outpatient Conformal Brachytherapy: Risk Stratification for Treatment Optimization
Authors: Sundararaman Srinath , Nori Dattatreyudu , Parikh Suhrid K. , Moni Janaki , Osian Adrian , Wilson Chester 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACTBrachytherapy is an excellent definitive treatment modality for select patients with localized prostate cancer. Sixty‐four patients with Stage T2a prostate adenocarcinoma were identified from the series of prostate patients receiving conformal outpatient brachytherapy between 1990 and 1997. Pretreatment Gleason scores and prostate specific antigen (PSA) values ranged from 2 to 10 and 1.5 to 100, respectively. Median follow‐up was 48.5 months. The 5‐year overall survival rate was 82.5%, whereas the cause‐specific survival rate was 93.7%. The biochemical freedom‐from‐relapse (bFFR), defined as a PSA level of ≤ 1.0 for patients presenting with Gleason scores of ≤ 5, was 68%; 80% with Gleason scores of ≤ 5 and presenting PSA levels of ≤ 10. In patients with Gleason scores of 6 at presentation, the overall bFFrR was 67%; 87% with a Gleason scores of 6 and PSA levels of ≤ 10. The bFFR was maintained in more than half of patients with Gleason scores of 7 only if they presented with PSA levels of ≤ 10. All patients who presented with PSA levels of ≤ 10 had bFFRs of 75%, compared to 36% for those patients presenting with PSA levels of > 10. These data show that patients with Gleason scores of ≤ 5 can achieve very good PSA control with brachytherapy, especially if the presenting PSA level is ≤ 10. Consideration of PSA is of greater import when a Gleason score ≥ 6 is encountered at presentation. Our data show that durable bFFR can be achieved in patients presenting with Stage T2a disease, Gleason scores of 5–7, and PSA levels of ≤ 10. These results need to be confirmed with further follow‐up and other prospective data.
Pathologic Features of Occult Prostatic Carcinoma in Hypogonadal Men
Authors: Zhang Ping L. , Bubley Glenn , Upton Melissa , Morgentaler Abraham , DeWolf William C. , Rosen Seymour 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACTObjectives: Androgen therapy in hypogonadal men with low free testosterone levels (< 1.5 ng/dl) is potentially dangerous because exogenous androgen may stimulate occult prostatic adenocarcinoma (PA). Our previous study reported occult PA (14% incidence) in hypogonadal men with normal prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels and normal findings on digital rectal examination (DRE). The purpose of the current study was to examine the extent and nature of PA in prostatectomy specimens of hypogonadal patients.Materials and Methods: PA in these14 patients (the hypogonadal group) was compared to a control group of patients (n = 14). The two groups of patients were matched with similar mean ages, Gleason scores, and percentage of core involvement by PA. Subsequently, PA in prostatectomy specimens was analyzed in the two groups with additional comparison of immunohistochemical sections for androgen receptors, PSA, and prostatic acid phosphatase.Results: As expected, patients in the hypogonadal group had significantly lower levels of PSA and free testosterone than those in the control group (PSA 2.32 ± 0.60 ng/ml versus 8.06 ± 1.17 ng/ml, respectively; free testosterone 1.17 ± 0.09 ng/dl versus 1.74 ± 0.20 ng/dl, respectively). Prostatectomy specimens in hypogonadal patients (n = 9) showed a less extensive PA (0% positive margins, 11% perineural invasion, 78% unilateral tumor, and 22% bilateral tumor) compared to control prostatectomy specimens (n = 14) (21% positive margins, 42% perineural invasion, 21% unilateral tumor, and 58% bilateral tumor). However, immunohistochemical studies using anti‐androgen receptor, anti‐PSA and anti‐prostatic acid phosphatase antibodies showed that carcinoma cells stained with equivalent intensity in both groups.Conclusions: PA in hypogonadal patients who had normal DREs and PSA levels appears to be less extensive but otherwise is not morphologically different than usual and should be treated in the same manner. The high incidence of occult PA in these hypogonadal patients makes screening prostate biopsies important before the androgen replacement therapy.
Pilot Study of Oral Eniluracil/5‐FU in the Palliation of Hormone‐Refractory Prostate Cancer
Authors: Rosenthal Mark A. , Thomas David , Davis Ian , Toner Guy , Noordin Naeem , Zalcberg John 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACTObjectives: Chemotherapy has an established role in the palliative therapy of patients with hormone‐refractory prostate cancer (HRPC). However, optimal chemotherapy for HRPC remains poorly defined. This pilot study examined the activity and toxicity of oral 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) in combination with eniluracil for the treatment of patients with HRPC.Materials and Methods: Eighteen patients with HRPC and painful bone metastases were enrolled, although 1 patient was deemed ineligible because of incidental gastric cancer. The median age was 69 years (range, 57–82 years), median Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status was 1 (range, 0–2) and median prostate specific antigen (PSA) level was 146 μg/l (range 4–2020 μg/l). Eniluracil (10 mg/m2) and 5‐FU (1 mg/m2) were given orally, twice daily, for 28 days in 35‐day cycles.Results: Two patients (11%) had partial pain responses (95% confidence interval, 0–29%), and 6 patients (35%) had stable pain for a minimum of 8 weeks. A reduction in analgesic use occurred in four patients (23%), and five patients (29%) experienced stable analgesic use. A partial PSA response (>50% reduction on at least two occasions, 5 weeks apart) was achieved in three patients (18%), and eight patients (48%) had stable PSA responses (PSA was rising pretreatment). Grade 4 diarrhea occurred in one patient. Grade 3 toxicities were as follows: anemia, 1 patient; lethargy, 1 patient; and deterioration in liver function, 1 patient.Conclusions: Oral eniluracil/5‐FU is well tolerated in this patient population but has only modest activity. Studies in combination with other active agents may be warranted in patients with HRPC.
Women's Efficiency in Decision Making and Their Perception of Their Status in the Family
Authors: Erci Behice 
Published: March 2003

Abstract  This study is descriptive in nature. Three hundred ten women who applied to the Maternal–Child Health and Family Planning Center in Erzurum, Turkey, between June 1 and August 30, 2001 were included in this study. Data were collected through the inquiry form, which was prepared to determine women's efficiency in decision making, their perception of their status within the family, and their demographic characteristics.Women's decision‐making rate was lower than that of men, except for selecting clothes. Couples' joint decision‐making rate was high on personal matters but low on official matters. The women's educational level affected their decision making in the family. The majority of the women perceived themselves as wives sharing everything within the family. Women's perception of their positions in the family was related to their status and decision making. The results can be used in primary care practice for women's health promotion. The sample in this study reflects only one area of Turkey.
Immunoadsorption in Guillain‐Barré Syndrome and Myasthenia Gravis
Authors: Haupt W.F. , Rosenow F. , van der Ven C. , Birkmann C. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractElimination of circulating antibodies by hemapheresis is an empirical treatment concept in various neuroimmunological diseases. Plasma exchange (PE) has been shown to be superior to symptomatic treatment in Guillain‐Barré syndrome (GBS) in two large multicenter studies. It is also effective in myasthenia gravis (MG), although no comparative studies have been performed. Immunoadsorption (IA) using polyvinyl alcohol gel columns to which phenylalanin (IM‐PH) or tryptophan (IM‐TR) are covalently bound is an alternative to PE, and seems to have equal efficacy and comparable side effects. This method also obviates the need for replacement of plasma with human albumin or plasma. We compared the treatment results of 11 patients with GBS treated by PE to those of 13 patients treated by IA using an IM‐TR column. Here, we found no statistically significant differences with regard to efficacy and clinical or procedural complications. From these data we conclude that immunoadsorption can be used as an equal alternative to PE. A large multicenter study comparing PE, intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG), and the combination of both in the treatment of GBS revealed no significant difference between the 3 treatment groups. In MG, only 2 small studies have been performed using IA, and no studies comparing PE or other treatments to IA have been conducted. Both investigations of IA therapy demonstrated a marked reduction in the acetylcholine receptor (AchR) antibodies and a sustained improvement of the clinical signs. These results therefore show that IA is an effective treatment for myasthenia gravis.
Granulocytapheresis as a Possible Cancer Treatment
Authors: Tabuchi Takafumi , Ubukata Hideyuki , Sato Shigenori , Nakata Ichiro , Goto Yoshihisa , Watanabe Yoshinori , Hashimoto Takashi , Mizuta Toshinobu , Adachi Masakazu , Soma Tetsuo 
Published: March 2003

Abstract: Guest Editor's Introduction: The granulocyte removal column was developed by Japan Immunoresearch Laboratories Co. based upon the hypothesis that the normalization of granulocyte‐to‐lymphocyte ratio would be beneficial for the treatment of cancer since the ratio is increased due to the cancer leukocytosis. The column consists of cellulose acetate beads with a diameter of 2 mm, which removes granulocytes and monocytes from blood with no significant changes in the number of lymphocytes or platelets. The clinical results for cancer treatment was less impressive than the animal experiments. Subsequently, however, the G‐1 Column was found very useful for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease and rhumatoid arthritis. This paper describes the clinical application for cancer treatment, and was printed in Anticancer Research, vol. 15, page 985–990 (1995). This paper was reprinted here with permission.We assessed the effect of granulocyte apheresis in patients exhibiting increased granulocyte‐to‐lymphocyte ratio in order to overcome granulocytosis occurring in the terminal stages of malignancies. 17 patients with post‐operative recurrent metastatic tumors including 6 gastric, 3 colonic, 2 rectal, 1 esophageal and 5 breast cancers were selected. The granulocytapheresis was performed by extracorporeal vein‐to‐vein circulation equipped with an apheresis column filled with cellulose acetate beads. Each week the patients underwent one or two sessions of treatment that lasted 30 to 50 minutes per session at a flow rate of 30 to 50 ml/min. 15 sessions formed 1 therapeutic cycle. The effect of granulocytapheresis resulted in partial response (PR) in 4 cases, no change (NC) in 7 cases and partial disease (PD) in 6 cases. The performance status showed 30% remission. None of the patients exhibited significant side effects. Since the treatment demonstrated anti‐tumor effects, granulocytapheresis may be applied during combined cancer treatments.
Use of Restored Riparian Habitat by the Endangered Least Bell's Vireo (Vireo bellii pusillus)
Authors: Kus Barbara E. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA primary objective of riparian restoration in California is the creation of habitat for endangered species. Four restoration sites in San Diego County were monitored between 1989 and 1993 and evaluated for their suitability as nesting habitat for Vireo bellii pusillus (Least Bell's Vireo), a state and federally endangered obligate riparian breeder. Vegetation structure at each site was quantified annually and compared to a model of canopy architecture derived from Least Bell's Vireo territories in natural habitat. Vireo use of restored habitat was documented through systematic surveys and nest monitoring. By 1993, only one site in its entirety met the habitat suitability criteria of the model, but portions of each site during all years did so. Differences between sites in the time required to develop suitable habitat—well‐developed layered vegetation from the ground to under 8m in height)—were attributable largely to variation in annual rainfall. Vireos visited restoration sites to forage as early as the first growing season, but they did not establish territories or nest there until at least part of the site supported suitable habitat as determined from the model. Placement of territories and nests coincided with patches of dense vegetation characteristic of natural nesting areas. Occupation of restored sites was accelerated by the presence of adjacent mature riparian habitat, which afforded birds nest sites and/or foraging habitat lacking in the planted vegetation. Vireos nesting in restored habitat achieved success comparable to that of vireos nesting in surrounding natural habitat, and there was no evidence that productivity was reduced in created areas. These findings indicate that creating nesting habitat for this target species is feasible and suggest that the critical components of vireo nesting habitat have been captured in both the design and quantitative assessment of restoration sites.
Restoration of Tropical Moist Forests on Bauxite‐Mined Lands in the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Parrotta John A. , Knowles Oliver H. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe evaluated forest structure and composition in 9‐ to 13‐year‐old stands established on a bauxite‐mined site at Trombetas (Pará), Brazil, using four different reforestation techniques following initial site preparation and topsoil replacement. These techniques included reliance on natural forest regeneration, mixed commercial species plantings of mostly exotic timber trees, direct seeding with mostly native early successional tree species, and mixed native species plantings of more than 70 tree species (the current operational restoration treatment at this site). Replicated fixed‐radius plots in each treatment and in undisturbed primary forest were used to quantify the canopy and understory structure and the abundance and diversity of all vascular plant species. Treatment comparisons considered regeneration density, species richness and diversity for all floristic categories, and, for trees and shrubs, the relative contribution of initial planting and subsequent regeneration from soil seed banks and seed inputs from nearby primary forests. With the possible exception of the stands of mixed commercial species, which were superior to all others in terms of tree basal‐area development but relatively poor in species richness, all treatments were structurally and floristically diverse, with a high probability of long‐term restoration success. Of these, the mixed native species plantings appeared to be at least risk of arrested succession due to the dominance of a broader range of tree species of different successional stages or expected life spans. In all treatments, several locally important families of primary forest trees (Annonaceae, Chrysobalanaceae, Lauraceae, Palmae and Sapotaceae) were markedly underrepresented due to a combination of poor survival of initial plantings and limitations on seed dispersal from the surrounding primary forest.
Application of Reference Data for Assessing and Restoring Headwater Ecosystems
Authors: Rheinhardt Richard D. , Rheinhardt Martha Craig , Brinson Mark M. , Faser Karl E. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAttributes of 25 headwater streams and their associated wetlands were quantitatively sampled in the inner coastal plain of eastern North Carolina. Data from these sites were used to construct and test one functional assessment model (biogeochemical cycling) using the hydrogeomorphic (HGM) approach. Of the 25 sites sampled, 16 unaltered sites were used to establish standards against which field indicators could be compared (indexed). Nine altered sites were used to examine the sensitivity of the model to assess the types of alterations typically inflicted upon headwater ecosystems in eastern North Carolina: channelization, logging, construction of cross‐floodplain ditches to shunt water directly from uplands to the main stream channel, and conversion of stream floodplains and buffer zones to cropland. Of 30 field indicators measured that potentially could be used to model alterations to hydrologic regime and biomass stocks, we found six were robust in assessing conditions related to biogeochemical cycling. Hydrologic indicators used in the model included: (1) presence/absence of channelization, (2) presence/absence of cross‐floodplain ditches, and (3) a measure of buffer condition (using width and quality). Biomass indicators included: (4) total basal area of trees, (5) percent litter cover, and (6) volume of coarse woody debris. Our preliminary biogeochemical cycling model using these six variables was sensitive to alterations in nine altered sites and to a suite of hypothetical restorations of the most altered site. However, in order to improve accuracy of our preliminary model, it should be validated with studies designed to measure how alterations of various types and magnitudes affect biogeochemical processes.