bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Children Aged 6 to 23 Months Who Did Not Consume Animal Milk, Formula, or Solid or Semisolid Food During the Last 24 Hours Across Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Karlsson Omar , Kim Rockli , Subramanian S. V. 
Published: February 2024

ImportanceThe introduction of solid or semisolid foods alongside breast milk plays a vital role in meeting nutritional requirements during early childhood, which is crucial for child growth and development. Understanding the prevalence of zero-food children (defined for research purposes as children aged 6 to 23 months who did not consume animal milk, formula, or solid or semisolid food during the last 24 hours) is essential for targeted interventions to improve feeding practices.ObjectiveTo estimate the percentage of zero-food children in 92 low- and middle-income countries.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study analyzed nationally representative cross-sectional household data of children aged 6 to 23 months from the Demographic and Health Surveys and the Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys conducted between May 20, 2010, and January 27, 2022. Data were obtained from 92 low- and middle-income countries. Standardized procedures were followed to ensure data comparability and reliability. Both percentage and number of zero-food children were estimated.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe outcome studied was defined as a binary variable indicating children aged 6 to 23 months who had not been fed any animal milk, formula, or solid or semisolid foods during the 24 hours before each survey, as reported by the mother or caretaker.ResultsA sample of 276 379 children aged 6 to 23 months (mean age, 14.2 months [95% CI, 14.15-14.26 months]) in 92 low- and middle-income countries was obtained, of whom 51.4% (95% CI, 51.1%-51.8%) were boys. The estimated percentage of zero-food children was 10.4% (95% CI, 10.1%-10.7%) in the pooled sample, ranging from 0.1% (95% CI, 0%-0.6%) in Costa Rica to 21.8% (95% CI, 19.3%-24.4%) in Guinea. The prevalence of zero-food children was particularly high in West and Central Africa, where the overall prevalence was 10.5% (95% CI, 10.1%-11.0%), and in India, where the prevalence was 19.3% (95% CI, 18.9%-19.8%). India accounted for almost half of zero-food children in this study.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional study of 276 379 children aged 6 to 23 months, substantial disparities in the estimates of food consumption across 92 low- and middle-income countries were found. The prevalence of zero-food children underscores the need for targeted interventions to improve infant and young child feeding practices and ensure optimal nutrition during this critical period of development. The issue is particularly urgent in West and Central Africa and India.
Emergency Department Volume and Delayed Diagnosis of Serious Pediatric Conditions
Authors: Michelson Kenneth A. , Rees Chris A. , Florin Todd A. , Bachur Richard G. 
Published: February 2024

ImportanceDiagnostic delays are common in the emergency department (ED) and may predispose to worse outcomes.ObjectiveTo evaluate the association of annual pediatric volume in the ED with delayed diagnosis.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study included all children younger than 18 years treated at 954 EDs in 8 states with a first-time diagnosis of any of 23 acute, serious conditions: bacterial meningitis, compartment syndrome, complicated pneumonia, craniospinal abscess, deep neck infection, ectopic pregnancy, encephalitis, intussusception, Kawasaki disease, mastoiditis, myocarditis, necrotizing fasciitis, nontraumatic intracranial hemorrhage, orbital cellulitis, osteomyelitis, ovarian torsion, pulmonary embolism, pyloric stenosis, septic arthritis, sinus venous thrombosis, slipped capital femoral epiphysis, stroke, or testicular torsion. Patients were identified using the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project State ED and Inpatient Databases. Data were collected from January 2015 to December 2019, and data were analyzed from July to December 2023.ExposureAnnual volume of children at the first ED visited.Main Outcomes and MeasuresPossible delayed diagnosis, defined as a patient with an ED discharge within 7 days prior to diagnosis. A secondary outcome was condition-specific complications. Rates of possible delayed diagnosis and complications were determined. The association of volume with delayed diagnosis across conditions was evaluated using conditional logistic regression matching on condition, age, and medical complexity. Condition-specific volume-delay associations were tested using hierarchical logistic models with log volume as the exposure, adjusting for age, sex, payer, medical complexity, and hospital urbanicity. The association of delayed diagnosis with complications by condition was then examined using logistic regressions.ResultsOf 58 998 included children, 37 211 (63.1%) were male, and the mean (SD) age was 7.1 (5.8) years. A total of 6709 (11.4%) had a complex chronic condition. Delayed diagnosis occurred in 9296 (15.8%; 95% CI, 15.5-16.1). Each 2-fold increase in annual pediatric volume was associated with a 26.7% (95% CI, 22.5-30.7) decrease in possible delayed diagnosis. For 21 of 23 conditions (all except ectopic pregnancy and sinus venous thrombosis), there were decreased rates of possible delayed diagnosis with increasing ED volume. Condition-specific complications were 11.2% (95% CI, 3.1-20.0) more likely among patients with a possible delayed diagnosis compared with those without.Conclusions and RelevanceEDs with fewer pediatric encounters had more possible delayed diagnoses across 23 serious conditions. Tools to support timely diagnosis in low-volume EDs are needed.
The Association Between C24:0/C16:0 Ceramide Ratio and Cardiorespiratory Fitness is Robust to Effect Modifications by Age and Sex
Authors: Zatloukal Jule , Zylla Stephanie , Markus Marcello R.P. , Ewert Ralf , Gläser Sven , Völzke Henry , Albrecht Diana , Friedrich Nele , Nauck Matthias , Peterson Linda R. , Jiang Xuntian , Schaffer Jean E. , Felix Stephan B. , Dörr Marcus , Bahls Martin , Gross Stefan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCeramides and cardiorespiratory (CR) fitness are both related to cardiovascular diseases. The associations of three blood plasma ceramides (C16:0, C22:0, and C24:0) with CR fitness in the population‐based Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP‐START‐1; n = 1,102; mean age 50.3 years, 51.5% women) are investigated. In addition, subgroup analysis according to age (</≥54 years) and sex (female/male) is performed. Ceramides are quantified by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS). CR fitness is assessed by a cardiopulmonary exercise test. Sex and age independent associations are found for higher levels of C24:0 and C24:0/C16:0 ratio with higher maximal oxygen consumption (VO2peak) kg−1 and oxygen consumption at the anaerobic threshold (VO2@AT1) as well as for the relation of C24:0/C16:0 with maximum workload (Wattmax kg−1). In contrast, age/sex subgroup specific inverse associations with Wattmax kg−1 are found in women <54 years for C22:0, while a positive association in men ≥54 years. Higher levels of C24:0 are associated with higher Wattmax kg−1, except for women <54 years, where no significant association can be found. The findings suggest that the use of single ceramides as cardiovascular biomarkers may be inferior, compared to ceramide ratio C24:0/C16:0. Therefore C24:0/C16:0 ratio may be a more suitable and robust cardiovascular biomarker and should be preferred over single ceramides.
Electrochemically Enhanced Antimicrobial Action of Plasma‐Activated Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Hydrogel Dressings
Authors: Sabrin Sumyea , Hong Sung‐Ha , KC Sushil Kumar , Oh Jun‐Seok , Derrick‐Roberts Ainslie L.K. , Karmokar Debabrata K. , Habibullah Habibullah , Short Robert D. , Ghimire Bhagirath , Fitridge Robert , Szili Endre J. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis paper presents and explains the principle behind anelectrochemical method to enhance the antimicrobial action of plasma‐activated hydrogel therapy (PAHT) in the context of wound decontamination. The process involves grounding and hydratingpoly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogel films during treatment with a helium (He) plasma jet. This electrochemically enhances production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which is amajor antibacterial agent produced in the PVA hydrogel. Production of H2O2 is shownto be electrically enhanced through electron dissociation reactions, and through reactions associated with excited state species, metastables and ultra‐violet (UV) photolysis. H2O2 production is chemically enhanced through the He flow of the plasma jet dehydrating the PVA hydrogel, which fuels the electrochemical dependent reactions associated with H2O2 production. The electrochemical process produces an unprecedented 3.4 mM of H2O2 in the PVA hydrogel. Production of other molecules such as reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are also enhanced by the same method. The electrochemically enhanced PAHT is highly effective ateradicating common wound pathogens Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and mildly effective against Staphylococcus aureus. Overall, this study shows that the new PAHT dressing offers a promising alternative to antibiotics and silver‐based dressings for controlling infection and stimulating healing in wounds.
Micro/Nano Encapsulated Phase Change Materials: Preparation, Principle, and Emerging Advances in Medical Field
Authors: Yuan Kunjie , Chen Qiuyang , Qin Mulin , Gao Shan , Wang Qi , Gao Song , Xiong Feng , Lv Yang , Zou Ruqiang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDue to the unique thermal absorption and release capabilities, phase‐change materials (PCMs) are used in various industrial fields, such as photo‐thermal storage and building‐energy saving. In recent years, more and more research has been dedicated to applying PCMs to the medical field with substantial progress, opening new avenues for disease treatment and healthcare. The safety and reliability of PCMs may be taken into serious consider for continuous application in the medical field, while the relevant review on the related development is currently lacking. In this work, the methods for enhancing the applicability and reliability of PCMs in the medical field are systematically summarized, including microencapsulation, electrospinning technology, and porous framework encapsulation, which effectively address the issues of liquid leakage. Subsequently, the emerging advances of PCMs in medical healthcare, including medical dressings treatment, drug delivery, cold chain transport, and bio‐bone cement are summarized. By exploring and analyzing the encapsulation methods, principles as well as the emerging advances of PCMs in medical field, the challenges and perspectives promoting the applications are identified, presenting the guidelines for further development.
Hail to Daniell Cell: From Electrometallurgy to Electrochemical Energy Storage
Authors: Yuan Hongyan , Luan Jingyi , Liu Jie , Zhong Cheng 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDaniell cell is the first battery to be used in practice and is considered to be the first practice of electrometallurgy, which is the bridge connecting electrometallurgy and electrochemical energy storage. Although Daniell cell is later replaced by other batteries due to the unrechargeable characteristic and the self‐discharge side reaction, the research on the electrode based on the deposition/dissolution mechanism inspired by Daniell cell has never been stopped due to its incomparable advantages compared with the electrodes based on the ion insertion/extraction mechanism and the solid‐phase redox reaction mechanism. In recent years, increased focus has been placed on the research of deposition/dissolution battery (DDB), in which two deposition/dissolution chemistries are coupled. In this review, the evolution process from the origin of electrometallurgy to the discovery of energy storage batteries of DDBs is briefly introduced. Furthermore, two main types of DDBs, including Pb‐based DDBs and Mn‐based DDBs, are analyzed systematically, and the critical issues and solutions are outlined and discussed in depth. Finally, personal perspectives on the future research directions are highlighted, aiming to provide guidance for performance improvement and the practical application of DDBs.
Neutrophil Granulopoiesis Optimized Through Ex Vivo Expansion of Hematopoietic Progenitors in Engineered 3D Gelatin Methacrylate Hydrogels
Authors: Cirves Evan , Vargas Alex , Wheeler Erika E. , Leach Jonathan Kent , Simon Scott I. , Gonzalez‐Fernandez Tomas 
Published: February 2024

AbstractNeutrophils are the first line of defense of the innate immune system. In response to methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection in the skin, hematopoietic stem, and progenitor cells (HSPCs) traffic to wounds and undergo extramedullary granulopoiesis, producing neutrophils necessary to resolve the infection. This prompted the engineering of a gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) hydrogel that encapsulates HSPCs within a matrix amenable to subcutaneous delivery. The authors study the influence of hydrogel mechanical properties to produce an artificial niche for granulocyte‐monocyte progenitors (GMPs) to efficiently expand into functional neutrophils that can populate infected tissue. Lin‐cKIT+ HSPCs, harvested from fluorescent neutrophil reporter mice, are encapsulated in GelMA hydrogels of varying polymer concentration and UV‐crosslinked to produce HSPC‐laden gels of specific stiffness and mesh sizes. Softer 5% GelMA gels yield the most viable progenitors and effective cell‐matrix interactions. Compared to suspension culture, 5% GelMA results in a twofold expansion of mature neutrophils that retain antimicrobial functions including degranulation, phagocytosis, and ROS production. When implanted dermally in C57BL/6J mice, luciferase‐expressing neutrophils expanded in GelMA hydrogels are visualized at the site of implantation for over 5 days. They demonstrate the potential of GelMA hydrogels for delivering HSPCs directly to the site of skin infection to promote local granulopoiesis.
Modulating Lipid Nanoparticles with Histidinamide‐Conjugated Cholesterol for Improved Intracellular Delivery of mRNA
Authors: Jung Onesun , Jung Hye‐youn , Thuy Le Thi , Choi Minyoung , Kim Seongyeon , Jeon Hae‐Geun , Yang Jihyun , Kim Seok‐Min , Kim Tae‐Don , Lee Eunjung , Kim Yoonkyung , Choi Joon Sig 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRecently, mRNA‐based therapeutics, including vaccines, have gained significant attention in the field of gene therapy for treating various diseases. Among the various mRNA delivery vehicles, lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have emerged as promising vehicles for packaging and delivering mRNA with low immunogenicity. However, while mRNA delivery has several advantages, the delivery efficiency and stability of LNPs remain challenging for mRNA therapy. In this study, an ionizable helper cholesterol analog, 3β[L‐histidinamide‐carbamoyl] cholesterol (Hchol) lipid is developed and incorporated into LNPs instead of cholesterol to enhance the LNP potency. The pKa values of the Hchol‐LNPs are ≈6.03 and 6.61 in MC3‐ and SM102‐based lipid formulations. Notably, the Hchol‐LNPs significantly improve the delivery efficiency by enhancing the endosomal escape of mRNA. Additionally, the Hchol‐LNPs are more effective in a red blood cell hemolysis at pH 5.5, indicating a synergistic effect of the protonated imidazole groups of Hchol and cholesterol on endosomal membrane destabilization. Furthermore, mRNA delivery is substantially enhanced in mice treated with Hchol‐LNPs. Importantly, LNP‐encapsulated SARS‐CoV‐2 spike mRNA vaccinations induce potent antigen‐specific antibodies against SARS‐CoV‐2. Overall, incorporating Hchol into LNP formulations enables efficient endosomal escape and stability, leading to an mRNA delivery vehicle with a higher delivery efficiency.
Materiobiomodulated ROS Therapy for De Novo Hair Growth
Authors: Bai Long , Wang Yifei , Wang Kun , Chen Xiaoqian , Zhao Yuzheng , Liu Changsheng , Qu Xue 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHair loss is characterized by the inability of hair follicles (HFs) to enter the telogen‐anagen transition (TAT) and lack of de novo HFs. Current pharmaceutical therapies and surgical modalities have been largely limited to regulating hair regrowth efficiently without side effects and lacking treatment compliance. Here, this work proposes a materiobiomodulation therapy (MBMT), wherein polydopamine (PDA) nanoparticles with redox activity can be modulated to have a stoichiometric ROS (H2O2) donating ability. These nanoparticles can intracellularly deliver ROS with high‐efficiency via the clathrin‐dependent endocytosis process. Utilizing homozygote transgenic HyPerion (a genetically‐encoded H2O2 biosensor) mice, this work also achieves in vivo dynamic monitoring of intracellular H2O2 elevation induced by ROS donators. Subcutaneous administration with ROS donators results in rapid onset of TAT and subsequent hair regrowth with a specific ROS “hormesis effect.” Mechanistically, ROS activate β‐catenin‐dependent Wnt signaling, upregulating hair follicle stem cell expression. This work further develops a microneedles patch for transdermal ROS delivery, demonstrating long‐term, low‐dose ROS release. Unlike photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT), MBMT requires no external stimuli, providing a convenient and efficient approach for clinical hair loss treatment. This material‐HF communication implicates new avenues in HF‐related diseases, achieving targeted ROS delivery with minimal side effects.
Sub‐Diffraction Correlation of Quantum Emitters and Local Strain Fields in Strain‐Engineered WSe2 Monolayers
Authors: Xu David D. , Vong Albert F. , Utama M. Iqbal Bakti , Lebedev Dmitry , Ananth Riddhi , Hersam Mark C. , Weiss Emily A. , Mirkin Chad A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractStrain‐engineering in atomically thin metal dichalcogenides is a useful method for realizing single‐photon emitters (SPEs) for quantum technologies. Correlating SPE position with local strain topography is challenging due to localization inaccuracies from the diffraction limit. Currently, SPEs are assumed to be positioned at the highest strained location and are typically identified by randomly screening narrow‐linewidth emitters, of which only a few are spectrally pure. In this work, hyperspectral quantum emitter localization microscopy is used to locate 33 SPEs in nanoparticle‐strained WSe2 monolayers with sub‐diffraction‐limit resolution (≈30 nm) and correlate their positions with the underlying strain field via image registration. In this system, spectrally pure emitters are not concentrated at the highest strain location due to spectral contamination; instead, isolable SPEs are distributed away from points of peak strain with an average displacement of 240 nm. These observations point toward a need for a change in the design rules for strain‐engineered SPEs and constitute a key step toward realizing next‐generation quantum optical architectures.
Online Radiation Beam Tracking by Using Full‐Inorganic Scintillating Fibers
Authors: Lv Shichao , Zhang Feng , Li Xueliang , Jiang Tianzhi , Yang Zhenlei , Li Jin , Zhu Hongliang , Guo Junpeng , Qiu Jianrong , Zhou Shifeng 
Published: February 2024

AbstractEffective online monitoring of the spatial distribution of high‐energy radiation is of significant importance in various fields such as medical imaging, high‐energy physics, and homeland security. However, achieving radiation detectors with both high sensitivity and minimal disturbance is an enormous challenge. The present study introduces a solution to this bottleneck issue through the development of a full‐inorganic scintillating fiber, successfully demonstrating its application in constructing a radiation monitoring device. The scintillating fiber, activated with Ce3+ and fabricated using the melt‐in‐tube approach, is lightweight with a density of 2.5 g cm−3 and exhibits efficient scintillating emission with a light yield of 4000 photons MeV−1. These characteristics enable the achievement of radiation detection with high sensitivity while keeping disturbance to the incident radiation beam at a minimum. Furthermore, 2D and 3D radiation beam monitors are constructed based on these scintillating fibers, facilitating spatial radiation monitoring. The findings demonstrate that full‐inorganic scintillating fibers and devices offer a synergistic combination of high sensitivity and negligible disturbances. This progress not only introduces a novel full‐inorganic fiber for radiation detection but also suggests promising applications in various nuclear fields where 3D radiation beam tracking is essential.
Recent Progress in Functionalization of the Pyridine Ring through C−S Bond Formation under Transition Metal Catalyst Free Conditions
Authors: Tikhanova Olga A. , Bugaenko Dmitry I. , Karchava Alexander V. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPyridines and quinolines substituted with sulfur‐containing functional groups are widely used as drugs, drug candidates, organic materials, N,S‐ligands and others. Traditional synthetic routes to produce these compounds are based on nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions and transition metal‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions of (pseudo)halopyridines. While effective in many cases, both approaches are limited due to using forcing conditions and expensive, specifically designed catalytic systems. In the last decade, a number of innovative methods for the functionalization of the pyridine ring via the formation of a C−S bond have been developed. Most of these methods proceed through the direct or indirect C−H functionalization of unfunctionalized pyridines, thus avoiding the use of oftentimes not readily available halopyridines as the starting materials. Deoxygenative C−H functionalization of pyridine‐N‐oxides and deaminative transformation of aminopyridines have been also employed for the introduction of diverse organosulfur functionality into the pyridine ring. All these processes can be easily performed under mild conditions, typically affording value pyridines and quinolines in good to high yields. Usually being highly chemo‐ and regioselective, these methods allow the late‐stage functionalization of complex molecules including drugs and natural products. In this Review, we summarize the most recent synthetic methods for functionalization of pyridines and fused pyridines with sulfur‐containing functional groups reported mostly since 2018. For a better understanding of the processes, the mechanisms of the described reactions are briefly discussed.
N, B, F – Engineered Nanocellulose – Cornstalks Aerogels for High‐Performance ORR/OER Materials
Authors: Liu Detao , Qian Zhiyun , Li Yinghui , Luo Yao , Liu Chaocheng , Cui Jiedong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDeveloping low‐cost, durable, and highly‐active bifunctional electrocatalysts from sustainable biomass for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) remains a formidable challenge. Here, a novel approach is demonstrated for fabricating a porous biochar‐derived nanocellulose‐cornstalks aerogel by engineering of synergetic N, B, and F incorporation. Nanocellulose is used to disperse the carbonous cornstalks as the sufficiently nanostructured porous template, enabling the facile incorporation of N, B, and F to strengthen electron transfer efficiency and synergistically guarantee bifunctional ORR activity of a half‐wave potential of 0.845 V which outperforms the commercial Pt/C catalysts; moreover, it also shows an overpotential of 368 mV at 10 mA cm−2 by a maximum several or dozens of times compared to the exiting biomass‐derived electrocatalysts. The N, B, and F‐engineered agro‐forestry biomass with tailoring nanostructure that shows similarly high‐performance ORR/OER activity, directing the next generation of biomass‐derived electrocatalysts with ecological sustainability and cost‐effectivity.