bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impaired Th1 responses in mice deficient in Epstein‐Barr virus‐induced gene 3 and challenged with physiological doses of Leishmania major
Authors: Zahn Sabine , Wirtz Stefan , Birkenbach Mark , Blumberg Richard S. , Neurath Markus F. , von Stebut Esther 
Published: March 2005

AbstractProtection against Leishmania major is dependent on IL‐12 release from L. major‐infected dendritic cells (DC) that induce IFN‐γ‐producing Th1/Tc1 cells. IL‐27, a novel member of the IL‐12 family, is a heterodimer composed of p28 and IL‐12p40‐related Epstein‐Barr virus‐induced gene 3 (EBI3), and was shown to be produced by DC. In this study, we utilized EBI3‐deficient mice to investigate the role of IL‐27 in leishmaniasis using physiological low‐dose infections that mimic natural transmissions. Lesions in EBI3–/– mice were significantly larger between weeks 3 and 10 post infection, reaching up to approximately threefold increased lesion volumes compared to wild types. In parallel, dermal lesions of EBI3–/– mice contained greater parasite numbers, reaching a peak load that was 2‐log higher than in C57BL/6 mice. However, lesions in EBI3–/– and wild‐type mice resolved after 12 weeks. At early time points, the antigen‐specific cytokine response in EBI3–/– lymph nodes showed increased levels of IL‐4, IL‐10 and IL‐13 and decreased IFN‐γ production. IL‐27 production was restricted to the DC population, since the majority of EBI3 expression in lymph nodes of infected mice was found in CD11c+ cells. In conclusion, our data show that DC‐derived IL‐27 is critical for the timely initiation of efficient anti‐parasite Th1 immunity early in infections.
Quantitative analysis of six pesticides in fruits by capillary electrophoresis‐electrospray‐mass spectrometry
Authors: Juan‐García Ana , Font Guillermina , Picó Yolanda 
Published: March 2005

AbstractA method to identify and quantify six pesticide residues – dinoseb, pirimicarb, procymidone, pyrifenox, pyrimethanil, and thiabendazole – in peaches and nectarines using capillary electrophoresis‐electrospray ionization‐quadrupole ion trap‐tandem mass spectrometry (CE‐ESI‐MS/MS) is described. Separation was carried out using a buffer of 0.3 M ammonium acetate at pH 4 with 10% methanol. Pesticide residues present in peach and nectarine samples were preconcentrated by solid‐phase extraction using C18, eluted with CH2Cl2, concentrated to dryness, and redissolved in buffer to obtain lower detection limits. The recoveries of the analytes ranged from 58 to 99% and the relative standard deviations were 9 to 19%. Under optimized CE‐MS/MS conditions the minimum detectable levels for the six pesticides in spiked peach samples were between 0.01 mg/kg for pirimicarb and 0.05 mg/kg for procymidone with pressure injection of 50 mbar for 5 s (5 nL) at a signal‐to‐noise ratio of 3, which constitutes a severalfold increase in sensitivity compared to CE‐MS, using a single quadrupole, and to conventional CE‐UV. The potential of the method was demonstrated by analyzing different samples taken from regional agricultural cooperatives. The pesticides most often detected were thiabendazole and procymidone.
Analysis of nucleic acid constituents by on‐line capillary electrophoresis‐mass spectrometry
Authors: Willems An V. , Deforce Dieter L. , Van Peteghem Carlos H. , Van Bocxlaer Jan F. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThis review is focused on the capillary electrophoresis‐mass spectrometric (CE‐MS) analysis of nucleic acid constituents in the broadest sense, going from nucleotides and adducted nucleotides over nucleoside analogues to oligonucleotides. These nucleic acid constituents play an important role in a variety of biochemical processes. Hence, their isolation, identification, and quantification will undoubtedly help reveal the process of life and disease mechanisms, such as carcinogenesis, and can also be useful for antitumor and antiviral drug research to provide valuable information about mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, toxicity, therapeutic drug level monitoring, and quality control related to this substance class. Fundamental investigations into their structure, the search for modifications, the occurrence and biochemical impact of structural variation amongst others, are therefore of great value. In view of the related bioanalytical procedures, the coupling of CE to MS has emerged as a powerful tool for the analysis of the complex mixtures of nucleic acid constituents: CE confers rapid analysis and efficient resolution, while MS provides high selectivity and sensitivity with structural characterization of minute amounts of compound. After an introduction about the biochemical and analytical perspectives on the nucleic acid constituents, the different modes of CE used in this field of research as well as the relevant CE‐MS interfaces and the difficulties associated with quantitative CE‐MS are briefly discussed. A large section is finally devoted to field‐oriented applications.
Generation of Arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) velocities, based on monitor functions, for the solution of compressible fluid equations
Authors: Wells B. V. , Baines M. J. , Glaister P. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractA moving mesh method is outlined based on the use of monitor functions. The method is developed from a weak conservation principle. From this principle a conservation law for the mesh position is derived. Using the Helmholtz decomposition theorem, this conservation law can be converted into an elliptic equation for a mesh velocity potential.The moving mesh method is discretized using standard finite elements. Once the mesh velocities are obtained an arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) (Journal of Computational Physics 1974; 14:227) fluid solver is used to update the solution on the adaptive mesh.Results are shown for the compressible Euler equations of gas dynamics in one and two spatial dimensions. Two monitor functions are used, the fluid density (which corresponds to a Lagrangian description), and a function which includes the density gradient. A variety of test problems are considered. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On MILES based on flux‐limiting algorithms
Authors: Grinstein F. F. , Fureby C. , DeVore C. R. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractNon‐classical large eddy simulation (LES) approaches based on using the unfiltered flow equations instead of the filtered ones have been the subject of considerable interest during the last decade. In the monotonically integrated LES (MILES) approach, flux‐limiting schemes are used to emulate the characteristic turbulent flow features in the high‐wave number end of the inertial subrange region. Mathematical and physical aspects of implicit sub grid scale modelling using nonlinear flux‐limiters are conveniently addressed using the modified LES‐equation formalism. In this study, the performance of MILES is demonstrated as a function of the flux‐limiting scheme in selected representative case studies. Published in 2005 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
VP22 does not significantly enhance enzyme prodrug cancer gene therapy as a part of a VP22‐HSVTk‐GFP triple fusion construct
Authors: Hakkarainen Tanja , Wahlfors Tiina , Meriläinen Outi , Loimas Sami , Hemminki Akseli , Wahlfors Jarmo 
Published: March 2005

AbstractBackgroundVP22 is a herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV‐1) tegument protein that has been suggested to spread from cell to cell, alone or as a part of fusion proteins. Creating controversy, some reports indicate that VP22 cannot facilitate significant intercellular spreading. To study the capacity of VP22 to cause spreading and enhance thymidine kinase/ganciclovir cancer gene therapy, we constructed a novel triple fusion protein containing VP22, HSV thymidine kinase and green fluorescent protein (VP22‐Tk‐GFP). This fusion protein has three functional domains in the same polypeptide, thus making it possible to reliably compare the causality between transduction rate and cell killing efficiency in vitro and in vivo.MethodsVP22‐Tk‐GFP was cloned into lenti‐ and adenoviral vectors and used for expression studies, analyses for VP22‐mediated protein spreading, and to study the effect of VP22 to thymidine kinase/ganciclovir‐mediated cytotoxicity. The function of VP22‐Tk‐GFP was also investigated in vivo.ResultsThe triple fusion protein was expressed correctly in vitro, but intercellular trafficking was not observed in any of the studied cell lines. However, under certain conditions, VP22‐Tk‐GFP sensitized cells more efficiently to ganciclovir than Tk‐GFP. In vivo there was a trend for increased inhibition of tumor growth with VP22‐Tk‐GFP when ganciclovir was present, but the difference with Tk‐GFP was not statistically significant.ConclusionsBased on our results, VP22 fusion proteins do not seem to traffic intercellularly at detectable levels in most tumor cell types. Even though VP22 enhanced cytotoxicity in one cell line in vitro, the effect in vivo was modest. Therefore, our results do not support the utility of VP22 as an enhancer of enzyme prodrug cancer gene therapy. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stable inhibition of hepatitis B virus proteins by small interfering RNA expressed from viral vectors
Authors: Moore Michael D. , McGarvey Michael J. , Russell Rebecca A. , Cullen Bryan R. , McClure Myra O. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractBackgroundThere has been much research into the use of RNA interference (RNAi) for the treatment of human diseases. Many viruses, including hepatitis B virus (HBV), are susceptible to inhibition by this mechanism. However, for RNAi to be effective therapeutically, a suitable delivery system is required.MethodsHere we identify an RNAi sequence active against the HBV surface antigen (HBsAg), and demonstrate its expression from a polymerase III expression cassette. The expression cassette was inserted into two different vector systems, based on either prototype foamy virus (PFV) or adeno‐associated virus (AAV), both of which are non‐pathogenic and capable of integration into cellular DNA. The vectors containing the HBV‐targeted RNAi molecule were introduced into 293T.HBs cells, a cell line stably expressing HBsAg. The vectors were also assessed in HepG2.2.15 cells, which secrete infectious HBV virions.ResultsSeven days post‐transduction, a knockdown of HBsAg by approximately 90%, compared with controls, was detected in 293T.HBs cells transduced by shRNA encoding PFV and AAV vectors. This reduction has been observed up to 5 months post‐transduction in single cell clones. Both vectors successfully inhibited HBsAg expression from HepG2.2.15 cells even in the presence of HBV replication. RT‐PCR of RNA extracted from these cells showed a reduction in the level of HBV pre‐genomic RNA, an essential replication intermediate and messenger RNA for HBV core and polymerase proteins, as well as the HBsAg messenger RNA.ConclusionsThis work is the first to demonstrate that delivery of RNAi by viral vectors has therapeutic potential for chronic HBV infection and establishes the ground work for the use of such vectors in vivo. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improved neuronal transgene expression from an AAV‐2 vector with a hybrid CMV enhancer/PDGF‐β promoter
Authors: Wang C. Y. , Guo H. Y. , Lim T. M. , Ng Y. K. , Neo H. P. , Hwang P. Y. K. , Yee W.‐C. , Wang S. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractBackgroundAdeno‐associated virus type 2 (AAV‐2) vectors are highly promising tools for gene therapy of neurological disorders. After accommodating a cellular promoter, AAV‐2 vectors are able to drive sustained expression of transgene in the brain. This study aimed to develop AAV‐2 vectors that also facilitate a high level of neuronal expression by enhancing the strength of a neuron‐specific promoter, the human platelet‐derived growth factor β‐chain (PDGF) promoter.Methods and resultsA hybrid promoter approach was adopted to fuse the enhancer of human cytomegalovirus immediately early (CMV) promoter to the PDGF promoter. In cultured cortex neurons, AAV‐2 vectors containing the hybrid promoter augmented transgene expression up to 20‐fold over that mediated by titer‐matched AAV‐2 vectors with the PDGF promoter alone and 4‐fold over the CMV enhancer/promoter. Injection of AAV‐2 vectors with the hybrid promoter into the rat striatum resulted in neuron‐specific transgene expression, the level of which was about 10‐fold higher than those provided by the two control AAV‐2 expression cassettes at 4 weeks post‐injection and maintained for at least 12 weeks. Gene expression in the substantia nigra through possible retrograde transport of the AAV‐2 vectors injected into the striatum was not obvious. After direct injection of AAV‐2 vectors into the substantia nigra, transgene expression driven by the hybrid promoter was observed specifically in dopaminergic neurons and its level was about 3 and 17 times higher than that provided by the PDGF promoter alone and the CMV enhancer/promoter, respectively.ConclusionsEnhanced transgene capacity plus neuron‐specificity of the AAV‐2 vectors developed in this study might prove valuable for gene therapy of Parkinson's disease. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Low‐pass filter using a hybrid EBG structure
Authors: Karim M. F. , Liu A. Q. , Alphones A. , Zhang X. J. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThis paper presents an innovative design of a hybrid electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structure based on nonuniform period and dimensions. A high rejection bandwidth is achieved when the nonuniform period and the dimensions follow the Kaiser distribution. The EBG structures are fabricated on the transmission line and the ground plane, where the offset is one‐quarter of the EBG period. The measurement results show a low‐pass filter response up to the C‐band with insertion loss below 0.25 dB and rejection bandwidth above 12 GHz. This type of nonuniform EBG structure is more compact than the conventional uniform structure. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 45: 95–98, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20734
On potential applications of metamaterials for the design of broadband phase shifters
Authors: Nefedov Igor S. , Tretyakov Sergei A. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe possible design of phase shifters with reduced frequency dispersion using combined sections of forward‐wave (FW) and backward‐wave (BW) transmission lines is discussed. It is shown that inclusion of backward‐wave sections into a transmission line always increases the total dispersion. On the other hand, we show that dispersion can be reduced by means of lines with positive anomalous dispersion and provide an example of such line. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 45: 98–102, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20735
A methodology for accurate modeling of a pad structure fromS‐parameter measurements
Authors: Jayabalan J. , Ooi B. L. , Wu B. , Xu D. S. , Iyer M. K. , Leong M. S. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractIn this paper, we describe a novel method for modeling pad geometries via parameter extraction usingS‐parameter measurements. We apply the method to a square pad structure, built with a coplanar transmission line on high‐resistivity silicon, and arrive at an equivalent‐circuit model that represents the pad over a wide operating frequency range of 1 to 20 GHz. Two‐port ABCD matrices of two transmission lines of different lengths are used to derive the model. The model is optimized and validated using circuit simulation by comparing the simulated results with those of the measurements. This method is significant for high‐frequency modeling of fine‐pitch wafer‐level package off‐chip interconnects. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 45: 115–118, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20740
Wavelength conversion in tapered‐waveguide laser diode amplifiers
Authors: Ghafouri‐Shiraz H. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractWavelength conversion using cross‐gain modulation (XGM) in linear tapered‐waveguide semiconductor laser amplifiers (SLAs) has been investigated theoretically and compared with the nontapered semiconductor laser amplifier. For example, we have found that for the linear tapered‐waveguide SLA with a 450‐μm cavity length, a higher signal power is required to achieve an extinction ratio similar to that obtained by the conventional SLA with the same cavity length. However, a similar extinction ratio is observed for both conventional and linear tapered‐waveguide with the cavity length of 1200 μm. The difference between the extinction ratios for up and down conversions is less severe in a linear tapered‐waveguide SLA as compared to that for a conventional SLA. The rise time for the linear tapered‐waveguide is observed to be higher than that for the conventional SLA. It is possible to attain extinction‐ratio conservation using XGM for both up and down conversions in an SLA with a very long cavity length of 2400 μm. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 45: 134–142, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20748
Single‐mode three‐branch waveguide with a diamondlike low‐index microprism
Authors: Huang Chia‐Chih , Huang Chia‐Chien , Wang Way‐Seen 
Published: March 2005

AbstractA novel three‐branch optical power divider with a diamondlike microprism of low index is proposed. The input power can be equally distributed to three output waveguides at large branching angles. The total transmitted power is as high as 97.7% at θ = 3°, which is higher than that reported. Furthermore, by simply varying the size or refractive index of the microprism, the percentages of the power entering the central and the outer branches can be adjusted. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 45: 145–147, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20750
Reduced‐size wideband microstrip bandpass filter with low loss and high selectivity
Authors: Tümer Tolga , Görür Adnan 
Published: March 2005

AbstractA reduced‐size low‐loss high‐selectivity wideband microstrip bandpass filter is proposed using three λg/4 short‐circuited stubs and folded λg/2 connecting lines between them. The filter has 2n − 1 poles within the passband, whereas it consists of only n resonators. The 3‐dB bandwidth of the filter is about 92% at 2.1 GHz. The insertion loss is around 0.8 dB within the passband. The filter is verified by both simulation and measurement. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 45: 147–148, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20751
Two‐dimensional array of rectangular slot antennas tuned with patch stubs for wide bandwidth and large scanning range
Authors: Eldek Abdelnasser A. , Elsherbeni Atef Z. , Smith Charles E. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThis paper presents a 2D array design composed of rectangular slot antennas tuned with patch stubs. The 2D array of 32 × 32 elements for phased‐array applications achieves a 38‐dB gain, 60% impedance bandwidth, and 65° scanning angle without grating lobes. The return loss, radiation patterns, scanning capabilities, and gain are presented. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 45: 149–152, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20752
A band‐notched UWB antenna
Authors: Qiu Jianming , Du Zhengwei , Lu Jianhua , Gong Ke 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThis paper proposes a novel planar antenna for ultra‐wideband (UWB) applications, which has a voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) of less than two and is exempt from interference with existing wireless systems with band‐notched characteristics. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 45: 152–154, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20753
Simple design equations for omnidirectional axis‐displaced dual‐reflector antennas
Authors: Bergmann José R. , Moreira Fernando J. S. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThis paper considers the use of dual‐reflector antennas for omnidirectional coverage. The reflectors are axially symmetric surfaces generated by axis‐displaced conic sections. By using geometrical optics (GO) principles, simple design equations for the different configurations are established. The simple equations allow an easy identification of the relevant features of the different dual‐reflector configurations. The design parameters are explored to provide compact arrangements suited for use at base stations of point‐to‐multi‐point radio links. The design for maximum efficiency is obtained by employing a combination of GO fields and an aperture method to evaluate the antenna‐radiation patterns. Numerical simulations based on the method of moments (MoM) are presented to illustrate the usefulness and advantages of the proposed dual‐reflector antennas. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 45: 159–163, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20756
24‐line of Brillouin‐Erbium fiber laser utilizing a Fabry–Pérot cavity in L‐band
Authors: Haddud T. A. , Al‐Mansoori M. H. , Zamzuri A. K. , Shaharudin S. , Abdullah M. K. , Mahdi M. A. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractIn this paper, the generation of a multiwavelength laser source from a Brillouin‐Erbium fiber laser in the long wavelength band (L‐band) region is experimentally demonstrated. The proposed laser system utilizes a Fabry–Pérot cavity formed by fiber‐loop mirrors. Twenty‐four lines of Brillouin–Stokes with line spacings of 10 GHz are obtained in the L‐band region. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 45: 165–167, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20758
A 0.18‐μm CMOS CMFB downconversion micromixer with deep N‐well technology for LO‐RF and LO‐IF isolation improvements
Authors: Meng C. C. , Hsu S. K. , Wu T. H. , Huang G. W. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractCMOS deep N‐well technology can eliminate the physical effects of NMOS transistors and reduce substrate noise and coupling in order to reach the NMOS channel. These properties result in better LO‐IF and LO‐RF isolations in a Gilbert micromixer. Two identical 0.18‐μm CMOS downconversion micromixers (except at the RF input stage) with deep N‐well or without deep N‐well are fabricated in adjacent areas of the same wafer for the purpose of isolation comparison. A −37‐dB LO‐IF and −38‐dB LO‐RF isolation downconversion micromixer with 19‐dB conversion gain and IP1dB = −20 dBm and IIP3 = −13 dBm when RF = 2.4 GHz and LO = 2.25 GHz is demonstrated here using 0.18‐μm‐deep N‐well CMOS technology. On the other hand, a downconversion micromixer without deep N‐well has almost identical power performance but achieves only −20‐dB LO‐IF isolation and −21‐dB LO‐RF isolation. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 45: 168–170, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20759
1H NMR spectroscopy in the diagnosis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa‐induced urinary tract infection
Authors: Gupta Ashish , Dwivedi Mayank , Nagana Gowda G. A. , Ayyagari Archana , Mahdi A. A. , Bhandari M. , Khetrapal C. L. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe utility of 1H NMR spectroscopy is suggested and demonstrated for the diagnosis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in urinary tract infection (UTI). The specific property of P. aeruginosa of metabolizing nicotinic acid to 6‐hydroxynicotinic acid (6‐OHNA) is exploited. The quantity of 6‐OHNA produced correlates well with the viable bacterial count. Other common bacteria causing UTI such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Enterobacter aerogenes, Acinetobacter baumanii, Proteus mirabilis, Citrobacter frundii, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus gp B and Staphylococcus aureus do not metabolize nicotinic acid under similar conditions. The method provides a single‐step documentation of P. aeruginosa qualitatively as well as quantitatively. The NMR method is demonstrated on urine samples from 30 patients with UTI caused by P. aeruginosa. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.