bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of MIND Diet with Cognitive Decline among African Americans and non‐Hispanic White Older Adults
Authors: Agarwal Puja 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundCognitive impairment is a significant public health problem. The Mediterranean‐DAH intervention for Neurogenerative Delay (MIND) diet is associated with slower cognitive decline and reduced Alzheimer’s dementia risk. However, most findings have been reported among predominantly White populations. In this study, we examined the association of the MIND diet with cognitive decline in the Chicago Health and Aging Project (CHAP), a population‐based study that is predominantly African American.MethodsThe study sample consisted of 5,259 participants (mean ± SD age = 73.5 ± 6.0 years, education = 12.6 ± 3.5 years, 62% African American, 62% female) who completed a food frequency questionnaire and at least two cognitive assessments (a composite of 4 cognitive tests) over an average follow‐up of 7.85 ± 4.57 years. The MIND diet score was analyzed by tertile. We used linear mixed models adjusted for age, sex, socioeconomic status (composite of education, income, and occupation), and total calories. Additional sensitivity analysis adjusted for lifestyle (physical and cognitive activities) and vascular risk factors (diabetes, hypertension, stroke, and myocardial infarction).ResultsThe average MIND diet score was lower for African Americans than non‐Hispanic Whites (6.97 vs.7.12, p = 0.0035). Among non‐Hispanic Whites, the second (β(SE) = 0.0121 (0.0059), p = 0.0396) and third (β(SE) = 0.0146 (0.0058), p = 0.0115) tertiles of the MIND diet score were associated with slower cognitive decline compared to the lowest tertile. Among African Americans, only the highest tertile of the MIND score was associated with slower cognitive decline (T3 vs. T1: β(SE) = 0.0088 (0.0043), p = 0.0415). Among African Americans, the association was no longer significant after adjusting for lifestyle and vascular risk factors. However, among non‐Hispanic Whites, the association between the MIND diet and cognitive decline remained significant.ConclusionThe MIND diet association with cognitive decline varied by race. Whether our findings are due to lifestyle, vascular health or other correlated risk factors that impact cognitive decline differently by race warrants further investigation.
Dissociable influences of maternal vs paternal Alzheimer’s risk on neurocognitive and cardiovascular health in men and women
Authors: Savignac Chloé , St‐Onge Frederic , Villeneuve Sylvia , Badhwar AmanPreet , Taliun Sarah A Gagliano , Farhan Sali , Geddes Maiya R. , Medina Yasser Iturria , Poirier Judes , Spreng R. Nathan , Bzdok Danilo 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundParental history of sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is considered a prime risk factor since at least the late 1980s. Routinely used clinical samples of at‐risk individuals (8‐16 subjects) may conceal weaker population‐based effects, especially those of paternal inheritance. We performed a phenome‐wide examination of the dissociable influences of maternal vs. paternal AD risk on male vs. female probands in the largest single‐site family‐based at‐risk AD cohort: PREVENT‐AD.MethodWe built sex‐specific PLS‐regression models in which the APOE genotypes (e.g., ɛ3/3, ɛ3/4, ɛ3/2) were estimated based on ∼1,000 patient visits, each covering ∼260 risk indicators, to derive three APOE‐driven intermediate phenotypes (IPs). We examined how much the three IPs vary with regard to sex and maternal vs. paternal AD lineage across the phenome. We assessed the sex‐specific and lineage‐specific variation of the IPs over a 4‐year follow‐up period. Lastly, we examined how matri‐ vs. patrilinear AD risk captured by the IPs were expressed in AD‐vulnerable brain structures.ResultAcross IPs, we linked patrilinear AD risk to verbal‐numerical cognition and cardiovascular health in males. In contrast, we linked matrilinear AD risk to memory performance in both sexes. Over time, the mean difference in cognitive performance decreases with regard to sex but increases with regard to AD lineage. Cis‐ and trans‐generational sex effects in neocortex subregions (e.g., mPFC, PCu) were captured by the first and second IPs, respectively. The third IP mainly captured trans‐generational sex effects in hippocampus subregions (e.g., CA1, CA4).ConclusionWe uncovered IPs of AD susceptibility differently expressed in male and female probands and affected by the diagnosed parent’s sex. Maternal inheritance highlighted memory performance in both sexes, whereas paternal inheritance was particularly linked to cardiovascular health in males. The inheritance of the IPs was reflected in the brain structure at both superficial and deeper layers of the cortex. As the first study of its kind, our cross‐generational analysis of matri‐ vs. patrilinear AD risk bridges the epidemiological and clinical literature by leveraging the power of ∼1,000 patient visits. Our completely data‐driven framework ultimately dissociated phenotypes of maternal and paternal AD risk single‐handedly expressed in male and female probands.
Brain and Body Group Fitness program for those with dementia and their caregivers through community partnership
Authors: Creapeau Lindsey J. G. , Wells Lisa , Pettis Laurie , Fasching Pete , Airth‐Kindree Norah 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe growing prevalence of Alzheimer’s Disease and related dementias (ADRD) calls for nonpharmacological interventions to reduce the negative impact on quality of life to those affected with the impairment and their caregivers. Brain and Body Fitness (BBF) is a group program combining physical, cognitive, and socialization strategies to engage people living with dementia to maximize benefits for sustained function while slowing cognitive decline.Research Design and MethodsThe purpose of this study was to determine if BBF participants (N = 49 affected partners; N = 38 caregivers) were impacted in four quality of life indicators: anxiety, sleep, fatigue, and depression. Ex post facto data was utilized and demographic information was not collected.ResultsData reveals significant reductions in depression symptoms and significant improvements in sleep quality for affected participants though no statistically significant improvements for caregivers. Anecdotally, the program demonstrates trends of overall mood improvement in both partners.Discussion and ImplicationsCommunities may consider adopting a similar model in other areas to provide additional support for residents with dementia and their caregivers.Session PlanThis collaborative session will provide the following:• Short background and demographics of Eau Claire County and prevalence of dementia• Overview of the Brain and Body Fitness Program and wellness promotion• Share results & recommendations of the UW‐Eau Claire research study• Demonstrate a shortened Brain and Body Group Fitness Program class (including body weight exercises, stretching and language activities) with volunteers that choose to participate (optional). Learn ways to start a Brain & Body Group Fitness Program in your community
Learning objectives
• Develop and understanding of the innovative Brain and Body Group Fitness program model• Identify strategies to adopt a similar program in your community• Learn how the benefits the BBF program can provide enhanced quality of life to those living with dementia in the community and their caregivers
Association between cardiovascular health and brain age: a large population‐based study in the UK Biobank
Authors: Huang Huijie , Wang Jiao , Ma Jun , Xu Weili 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundCardiovascular health (CVH) has been associated with cognitive decline and dementia, but the extent to which CVH impact brain age remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the association of CVH assessed by Life’s Essential 8 (LE8) score with neuroimaging‐based brain age and brain predicted age difference (PAD).MethodThe study included a total of 34098 participants (mean age 54.82±7.50 years; 53.21% female) from the UK Biobank, who underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans 9 years after baseline. A brain age prediction model with the best prediction performance was trained from 9 candidate models (Lasso, support vector regression, and XGBoost, with or without the addition of 2 variable selection methods, respectively) based on T1‐weighted MRI, T2‐FLAIR, T2∗, diffusion‐MRI, task fMRI, and resting‐state fMRI in 4355 healthy participants. Using the model, we calculated brain age and brain PAD (predicted age‐chronological age). Baseline LE8 score was calculated by the mean score of 8 metrics (diet, physical activity, nicotine exposure, sleep health, body mass index, blood lipids, blood glucose, and blood pressure) and tertiled as low, moderate, and high CVH. Data were analyzed using linear regression models.ResultAt baseline, LE8 score was ranged from 15.00 to 100.00. In linear regression adjusted for age, sex and education, better CVH was associated with younger brain age (β [95% CI]: ‐0.029 [‐0.032, ‐0.026]) and smaller brain PAD (β [95% CI]: ‐0.033 [‐0.035, ‐0.030]). Compared to moderate CVH, low CVH was associated with older brain age (β [95% CI]: 0.444 [0.345, 0.543]) and bigger brain PAD (β [95% CI]: 0.513 [0.422, 0.604]), whereas high CVH was associated with younger brain age (β [95% CI]: ‐0.360 [‐0.459, ‐0.261]) and smaller brain PAD (β [95% CI]: ‐0.398 [‐0.489, ‐0.307]). The additional adjustment did not alter the relationships observed. After stratification by age, cardiovascular disease (CVD), or APOE ε4, the association remained significant among adults aged 40‐60 years and 60+ years, among CVD and non‐CVD, as well as among APOE ε4 carriers and non‐ carriers.ConclusionBetter cardiovascular health is associated with younger brain age and reduced brain PAD. This association is significant even in middle‐aged, non‐CVD and non‐carriers adults.
Fluid Biomarkers of Neurodegeneration in Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Gaur Amish , Rivet Luc , Mah Ethan , Bawa Kritleen Kaur , Gallagher Damien , Herrmann Nathan , Lanctôt Krista L. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundMild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a well‐established prodromal stage of Alzheimer’s disease and is often accompanied by early signs of neurodegeneration (e.g., neuronal loss) that may influence subsequent prognosis. To facilitate a better characterization of the underlying neuropathology, a thorough investigation of proteins associated with neurodegenerative processes in MCI is needed. Thus, the present study systematically assessed the available literature to quantitatively evaluate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and peripheral blood concentrations of biomarkers related to neurodegeneration in individuals with MCI compared to healthy controls (HCs).MethodOriginal peer‐reviewed articles that assessed the following CSF and/or peripheral biomarkers: neurofilament light chain (NFL), total‐tau (T‐tau), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), heart‐type fatty acid binding protein (HFABP), neuron‐specific enolase (NSE), and S100 calcium‐binding protein B (S100B) in both MCI and HCs were included for meta‐analysis. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using a random‐effects model. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic.ResultA total of 109 study cohorts were included in the meta‐analysis. In CSF, concentrations of NFL (MCI n = 2771, HC n = 4263, SMD [95% CI] = 0.69 [0.56, 0.83], p < 0.001), GFAP (MCI n = 513, HC n = 1620, SMD [95% CI] = 0.41 [0.08, 0.74], p = 0.02), and HFABP (MCI n = 363, HC n = 245, SMD [95% CI] = 0.57 [0.23, 0.55], p < 0.001) were elevated in MCI. In peripheral blood, concentrations of NFL (MCI n = 6520, HC n = 9439, SMD [95% CI] = 0.41 [0.32, 0.49], p < 0.001), T‐tau (MCI n = 4463, HC n = 5921, SMD [95% CI] = 0.19 [0.09, 0.29], p < 0.001), and GFAP (MCI n = 1758, HC n = 3179, SMD [95% CI] = 0.39 [0.23, 0.55], p < 0.001) were increased in MCI. Significant heterogeneity was identified for all comparisons and was explored through meta regression and subgroup analysis.ConclusionThe present study identified several fluid biomarkers of neurodegeneration in MCI. Importantly, elevated biomarker levels can be detected in both CSF and less‐invasively through peripheral blood. Future studies should focus on assessing the clinical utility of monitoring these biomarkers as they may provide further insight into neuronal and astroglial pathology occurring in the early stages of cognitive decline.
Pharmacologically targeted mitochondrial fission/fusion performs neuroprotection against trastuzumab‐induced cognitive deficits in rats via suppressing mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress
Authors: Maneechote Chayadom , Ongnok Benjamin , Khuanjing Thawatchai , Arinno Apiwan , Prathumsap Nanthip , Chunchai Titikorn , Arunsak Busarin , Nawara Wichwara , Chattipakorn Nipon , Chattipakorn Siriporn C 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundTrastuzumab (TRZ) has been utilized primarily as a chemotherapeutic treatment for advanced human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2‐expressing malignant tumors. Regardless, TRZ‐associated neurotoxicity has emerged as an adverse clinical complication of oncologic therapy by increasing oxidative stress and damaging mitochondrial function. As the neuroprotective effects of mitochondrial fission inhibitor (MDV) and fusion promoter (M1) have been illustrated for a variety of neurological pathologies, the anti‐neurotoxic mechanisms of MDV and M1 against TRZ are unknown.MethodTwenty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into either the TRZ group (4 mg/kg/day for 7 days, I.P., n = 15) or the control group (CON, n = 5). In the TRZ group, rats also received one of the following co‐treatments: 1) vehicle (VEH, n = 5), 2) MDV (1.2 mg/kg/day, n = 5), or 3) M1 (2 mg/kg/day, n = 5) via I.P. injection for 7 days. Subsequently, novel object location (NOL) and novel object recognition (NOR) tests for long‐term learning and memory were performed. Then, the brain tissue was used for determining mitochondrial functions, and the blood serum was also used to measure the oxidative stress levels.ResultTRZ (the VEH group) increased brain mitochondrial dysfunction and systemic oxidative stress via increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitochondrial depolarization, mitochondrial swelling, and serum malondialdehyde levels, respectively, when compared to the CON group (p<0.05, Figure 1). TRZ (the VEH group) impaired long‐term learning and memory, as indicated by the attenuated percentage preference index of NOL and NOR tests, compared to the CON group (p<0.05, Figure 1). MDV and M1 co‐therapies exerted neuroprotection by rescuing brain mitochondrial function and systemic oxidative stress, resulting in the restoration of long‐term cognitive parameters (p<0.05, Figure 1).ConclusionTargeting brain mitochondrial dynamics could be an effective remedy against TRZ‐induced cognitive impairment in rats via suppressing mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Therefore, pharmacological inhibition of mitochondrial fission and promotion of mitochondrial fusion could be a novel anti‐neurotoxicity‐induced by TRZ.
Artificial Intelligence Model‐based Alzheimer’s Disease Dementia Classification Using Electroencephalogram‐acquired Brain Functional Network
Authors: Hong Yuseong , Jeong Taegyun , Park Ukeob , Youn Young Chul , Kang Seung Wan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundAlzheimer’s disease dementia (ADD) is a predominant neurodegenerative disorder that results severe abnormalities in cognitive functions. However, most diagnoses rely on assessments made by individual clinical experts.Hence, we aim to establish a novel biomarker which can provide both accuracy and objectivity. Electroencephalogram (EEG) data were utilized for the training of artificial intelligence (AI) models, making use of its cost‐advantage and simple utility.Method19‐channel EEG data were recorded at Chung‐Ang University hospital in accordance with international 10‐20 system at resting state with eyes being closed. We first converted 19 channels into 68 regions of interest (ROIs) using standardized low resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA). Henceforth, imaginary part of coherence (iCoh) between each ROI were calculated, reflecting functional connectivity between the ROIs. The iCoh values were then utilized in the calculation of the brain’s functional brain network.The subjects were divided into non‐ADD and ADD group. The resulting training dataset consisted of 118 non‐ADD and 110 ADD subjects, where the number of non‐ADD training data were adjusted in order to account for data imbalance. The test dataset included 476 non‐ADD and 27 ADD subjects.The classification model was trained using 68 ROI source powers and functional brain network features. Only statistically significant features were selected for feature reduction purposes. Through primary classification via light gradient boosting method (LGBM), top 30 features with high importance values were selected and were employed in the training of our final LGBM classification model.ResultThrough appropriate hyperparameter tuning, the LGBM classification model resulted in 87.67% accuracy, 88.89% sensitivity and 87.61% specificity. From the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, 0.9506 area under ROC curve (AUC) was achieved.ConclusionThe LGBM model resulted in promising classification performance, solely through EEG features. In addition, functional brain network features had higher importance in comparison with source power features, indicating high potential of EEG brain network features in distinguishment of neurodegenerative diseases.
A Cognitive Screening Test for detecting Alzheimer’s Disease Dementia in the Deaf older adults in Austria, and Greece: the De‐Sign Erasmus+ project
Authors: Tsatali Marianna , Cernek Sabrina , Dimou Athanasia‐Lida , Dolza Enrico , Hoffmann‐Lamplmair Doris , Maggiora Nicola Della , Martinetz Patrick , Ntova Tarsitsa , Plachoura Evanthia , Seifert Romeo , Ströbele Thomas , Tsolaki Magdalini , Teichmann Birgit 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundUntil now there is a lack of cognitive screening tests for Deaf older adults to detect Alzheimer’s Disease Dementia (ADD) across Europe, as well as limited access to the therapeutic methods imposed. Therefore, the Deaf population has little access to dementia services.MethodTo fill this gap, the current Erasmus+ project aims to adapt the first dementia screening test for Deaf people in Austria and Greece being initially available for the British Deaf older adults and therefore, provide a valid and reliable tool to detect cognitive deficits by means of ADD in this population.ResultFor the project’s purposes, a group of experts will translate and adapt the CST in Austrian (ÖGS) and Greek sign languages (GSL), and after piloting the new CST versions, they will be administered in approximately 100 Deaf older adults in each country. Additionally, the following tests will be also administered: the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), the Verbal Learning and Memory Test, and the Digit Span (forwards and backwards). To assess the psychometric properties of the new versions of CST, internal reliability, test retest reliability, as well as concurrent validity will be calculated. Finally, a digital web‐based platform including tests’ administration guidelines along with the test per se will be developed. To disseminate the project’s results, detailed seminars on the test administration as well as the use of the platform will be implemented to experts from the fields of dementia and sign languages.ConclusionTo introduce dementia screening as well as ADD detection in the Deaf in Austria and Greece.
Comparison of white matter hyperintensities between Latin American and American individuals with Alzheimer’s disease and cognitively normal older adults
Authors: Altschuler Florencia , Fraile‐Vazquez Matias , Canziani Verónica , Vigilante Sofia Paz , Ibanez Agustin , Campo Cecilia Gonzalez 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundWhite matter hyperintensities (WMH) are Flair signal abnormalities frequently seen in periventricular and subcortical brain regions in the elderly. They are presumed to be, at least in part, a sign of cardiovascular disease (CVD). WMHs are associated with stroke, cognitive decline, and dementia. Given that most of the literature on dementia comes from high‐income countries, little is known about dementia in Latin American countries (LAC), which have an increased risk of dementia and CVD due to unique demographic, socioeconomic, cultural and ethnic factors. Our study aims to characterize the effects of white matter hyperintensities (WMH) in patients with AD within LAC and to compare these findings with a sample from the USA.MethodA total of 491 latin american subjects (235 cognitively normal (CN), 256 AD) and 271 american subjects (165 CN, 106 AD), underwent a brain MRI. WMH were extracted from T2‐FLAIR images using the Lesion Segmentation Toolbox and were divided into periventricular (pWMH) or deep (dWMH) depending on their distance from the ventricles. Linear mixed‐effects were used to model the volumes of WMH as a function of age, gender, years of education, intracranial volume, average cortical thickness, and region (LAC or USA).ResultAD groups from both regions showed larger total, dWMH and pWMH volumes compared to HC. Higher pWMH from AD and HC was associated with age, female sex and inversely associated with years of education. On the other hand, the increase in dWMH was found to be associated with female sex for the HC group and with age for AD. Cortical thinning was associated with an increase in total, subcortical and periventricular WMH for both groups. No statistically significant association was found between the region (USA or LAC) and WMH.ConclusionAD showed higher WMH compared to HC. Our findings suggest that pWMH and dWMH have different clinical correlates. No associations between region and WMH load or distribution were found. Future studies need to elucidate if there is an increase in other signs of CVD (such as cerebral microbleeds, brain lacunae, enlarged perivascular spaces) in Latin America and if they are linked to cognition and social determinants of health.