bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Agentes etiológicos con mayor incidencia en la meningitis bacteriana
Authors: Rincón Valderrama Paola Andrea , Mahecha Gamboa Yeison Adrián , Rentería Maturana Jairo , Díaz Trujillo Johan Steven , Motta Aguirre María Paula , Hernández María Eugenia , Tafurt Yaliana 
Published: December 2023

La meningitis es una enfermedad infecciosa que a nivel mundial alcanza tasas de mortalidad del 50 al 70%; 1 de cada 5 personas no reciben tratamiento oportuno, desarrollando limitaciones físicas permanentes. [1] En Colombia según lo reportado por el Sistema Nacional de Vigilancia en Salud Pública (SIVIGILA) en el año 2016 se presentaron 847 casos confirmados de meningitis bacteria, de los cuales el agente causal de mayor prevalencia es Mycobacterium Tuberculosis con el 49.35% y con un 17.8% por Streptococcus Pneumoniae. Las manifestaciones clínicas pueden ser indiferenciables desde el punto de vista del microorganismo específico, éstas dependen de otros factores asociados como la edad, lugar geográfico, presencia de enfermedades subyacentes, tiempo de evolución de los síntomas, momento en que se realice el examen físico. El Objetivo de esta investigación es realizar una caracterización de los agentes etiológicos de mayor incidencia en la meningitis bacteriana.
Virus de Inmunodeficiencia Humana (VIH), Últimos Conceptos Epidemiología, Prevención y Manejo
Authors: Cortés M. Juan Sebastián , Trujillo P. Laura Sofía , Tello M. Laura Margarita , Santofimio S. Dagoberto 
Published: December 2023

El VIH se reconoció en 1981 cuando un grupo de homosexuales que iba en aumento presentaron inmunosupresión en Nueva York y California. En Colombia el primer caso se presentó en 1983 en Cartagena. El VIH es un virus de la familia retroviridae. Destruye las células inmunitarias y altera su función.
El VIH es un problema de salud que trae grandes repercusiones y más preocupante es ver que las cifras de prevalencia y mortalidad van en aumento en la última década, y a pesar que el tratamiento que se encuentra disponible, no es asequible para todas las personas.
El VIH es una condición crónica que no se cura, pero que con el adecuado tratamiento se puede prolongar el tiempo de vida y mejorar su calidad, esto gracias a que después de 30 años de la epidemia del virus, el tratamiento antirretroviral ha avanzado mucho, se ha mejorado la eficacia, se ha logrado que la carga viral sea indetectable en un 90 %. Además, los tratamientos ahora son bien tolerados por los pacientes y con menos efectos secundarios.
La mejor manera de prevención es primaria con el uso de métodos de barrera alcanzando un éxito del 96%, pero si hay una exposición accidental, el uso de la profilaxis post-exposición da la posibilidad de prevenir la infección siempre y cuando se haga con rapidez.
La meta para el 2020 según ONU SIDA es diagnosticar el 90% y que sean tratados, para reducir el número de nuevos contagios. Se busca un nuevo fármaco menos tóxico y con la misma eficacia.
El contagio transplacentario también es un tema preocupante, y en este sentido se ha avanzado bastante, hasta el punto de ser prevenible.
La profilaxis pre-exposición al VIH es una nueva herramienta preventiva consistente en la administración de fármacos antirretrovirales a las personas negativas para el VIH, con prácticas de riesgo considerables, para reducir la probabilidad de adquirir la infección.
Identifying Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factors in Newly Employed and Experienced Professionals in Bangladesh
Authors: Al Amin  , Mahbubur Rahman  , Panchanan Das  , Abu Zahid Basunia  , AHM Anisuzzaman  
Published: December 2023

Introduction: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) pose a significant global health burden, accounting for a majority of global deaths and millions of premature deaths each year. In Bangladesh, NCDs contribute to a substantial proportion of annual mortality, with a concerning increase observed in recent decades. This study aimed to identify NCD risk factors among newly employed and experienced Bangladeshi professionals.
Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted at the department of Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh, from October 2021 to September 2022. A total of 102 participants, including both newly employed and experienced professionals, were included using purposive non-probability sampling. Data collection involved a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire, as well as measurements of height, weight, and blood pressure.
Result: The study involved a majority of female participants (65.7%), who were unmarried (68.6%) and had completed secondary school (71.6%). The average age was 25.67 years, with an average monthly income of $479.83. Approximately 20% reported smoking, while 13.7% reported alcohol consumption. Low physical activity was reported by 40.2%, and inadequate fruit and vegetable consumption by 31.4%. The prevalence of chronic diseases was found to be 12.7% for hypertension, 5.5% for diabetes, and 2.7% for cardiovascular diseases. These findings provide valuable information on participant characteristics, risk factors, and chronic disease prevalence, relevant to researchers and policymakers working on public health interventions.
Conclusion: This study provides important insights into the distribution of NCD risk factors among newly employed individuals and experienced professionals in Bangladesh. The findings suggest that NCD risk factors are similar between these two groups, except for hypertension, which is more prevalent among experienced professionals. These findings have important implications for public health interventions aimed at reducing the burden of NCDs in Bangladesh.
PENGARUH IMPLEMENTASI MEDIA BUSYBOOK TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN BERHITUNG ANAK (4-5 TAHUN) KELAS A2 DI KB. AL-HUDA BANYUBUNIH GALIS
Authors: Salwa  , SWMDiningrat  
Published: December 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh implementasi media busybook terhadap kemampuan berhitung anak (4-5) kelas A2 di KB. Al-Huda Banyubunih galis bangkalan. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain eksperimen quasi, yang menjadi sample dalam penelitian ini adalah anak kelas A2 dimana pemilihannya didasarkan pada beberapa pertimbangan khusus oleh penulis. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan perbandingan dimana jumlah sample dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok yaitu kelompok kontrol dan eksperimen. Dimana Pada kelompok eksperimen ini diterapkan media busybook dalam kegiatan berhitungnya, sedangkan untuk kelompok kontrol tetap menggunakan buku paket tema. Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode observasi, tes, dan dokumentasi.
Setelah penulis melakukan analisis data, hasil dari pengimplementasian media busybook terhadap kemampuan berhitung anak kelas A2 kelompok eksperimen menunjukan hasil yang baik. Hal ini terlihat dari analisis penilaian guru terhadap penggunaan media busybook, yang memperoleh nilai rata-rata antara 3-5 dengan parameter nilai yang “cukup tinggi”, sedangkan analisa data tes mengenai kemampuan berhitung sebagaimana dasar pengambilan keputusan dalam uji independent sample t-test dengan SPSS 22 dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan dari hasil posttest anak pada kelompok eksperimen dan kelompok kontrol. Hal tersebut didukung dengan perolehan hasil rata-rata nilai kelompok kontrol yaitu 6.73 sedangkan perolehan hasil rata-rata nilai kelompok eksperimen yaitu 9.67.
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BERHITUNG ANAK USIA DINI MENGGUNAKAN MEDIA PERMAINAN TRADISIONAL ENGKLEK DI TK BAROKATUL HAMZAH
Authors: Toyib  , Syamsiyah  
Published: December 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penggunaan, faktor pendukung dan faktor penghambat media pembelajan permainan engklek dalam meningkatan kemampuan berhitung pada anak usia dini di TK Barokatul Hamzah Pekadan Galis Bangkalan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yang bersifat kualitatif, yaitu suatu pendekatan penelitian yang menghasilkan data deskriptif berupa data-data tertulis atau lisan dari orang-orang dan pelaku yang dapat diamati.[1]
Setelah penulis melakukan analisis data, hasil dari pengimplementasian media permainan engklek terhadap kemampuan berhitung anak kelas A2 kelompok eksperimen menunjukan hasil yang baik. Hal ini terlihat dari analisis penilaian guru terhadap penggunaan media permainan engklek, dengan parameter nilai pengamatan yang “cukup tinggi”, sedangkan analisa data mengenai kemampuan berhitung juga cukup tinggi sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan media permainan engklek dalam meningkatkan kemampuan berhitung anak cukup efektif dan memuaskan.
Pelatihan dan Pendampingan Literasi Bahasa Inggris pada Kelompok Anak-Anak di Desa Pudun Julu
Authors: Khairunnisah Khairunnisah - , Purba Happy Sri Rezeki , Pulungan Husniah Ramadhani 
Published: December 2023

Abstract This topic was chosen because of a forum for children in Pudun Julu to explore English literacy in the surrounding environment is still limited. The team of dedication for society offers a method of service with material related to time in two stages. Phase I includes providing material, reading practice, and material comprehending. Furthermore, phase II includes assistance by practicing every child to read, pronouncing vocabulary well, answering the quiz, and speaking practices alternately. The Result of this dedication for society activity is in increase understanding of insight and motivation of children’s English literacy in Telling Time. The urgency of the results of this study is awareness of children about the importance of English literacy for their future through discipline in respecting time. Thus, the children has gained a reinforcement of literacy in the form of the application of time discipline in English appropriately, properly, and correctly. Keywords: training; accompaniment; literacy; English Language; children AbstrakTopik ini dipilih karena wadah bagi kelompok anak di Desa Pudun Julu untuk mendalami literasi bahasa Inggris di lingkungan sekitarnya masih terbatas. Tim PKM menawarkan metode pengabdian dengan materi yang terkait dengan waktu dalam dua tahap. Tahap I meliputi pemberian materi, praktik membaca, dan pendalaman materi. Selanjutnya, Tahap II mencakup pendampingan dengan melatihkan setiap anak untuk membaca, melapalkan dengan baik, menuliskan jawaban kuis, dan praktik percakapan secara bergantian. Hasil dari pengadian kepada masyarakat ini adalah bertambahnya pemahaman wawasan dan motivasi kelompok anak dalam berliterasi bahasa Inggris dengan materi Telling Time. Urgensi dari hasil penelitian ini berupa kesadaran kelompok anak akan pentingnya literasi bahasa Inggris untuk masa depannya melalui disiplin dalam menghargai waktu. Dengan demikian, kelompok anak telah memperoleh penguatan literasi berupa penerapan disiplin waktu dalam bahasa Inggris dengan tepat, baik, dan benar.Kata Kunci: pelatihan; pendampingan; literasi; bahasa Inggris; kelompok anak.
Lung Ultrasound Findings in the Diagnosis of Transient Tachypnea of Newborn in Late Preterm and Term Neonates
Authors: EL-Fattah Nagwa Mohamed Abd , EL-Mahdy Heba Saied , Hamisa Manal Fathy , Ibrahim Ashraf Mohamed 
Published: December 2023

Background: Transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN) is a prevalent etiology of respiratory distress (RD) in neonates. The condition is a result of the accumulation of fetal lung fluid owing to defective processes responsible for its removal. However, differentiating TTN from various etiologies of RD may provide challenges. Lung ultrasound (LUS) has effectively been used to diagnose and differentiate infant RD. The objective of this research was to evaluate the ultrasonographic findings in the diagnosis of TTN in late preterm and full-term neonates.
Methods: All neonates had been exposed to full taking of history, full clinical assessment, chest X-ray, routine laboratory tests, and LUS assessment was performed on 80 late preterm and full-term neonates diagnosed with TTN by clinical and radiological findings and performed on control group.
Results: Among 80 neonates who were diagnosed to have TTN, double lung point sign (DLP) was present in 62 (77. 5 %), pleural line abnormalities had been observed in 80 (100%), alveolar interstitial syndrome (AIS) was observed in 68 (85.0%), while white lung was present only in 12 TTN cases (15%), and no pleural effusion was found in any of the patients. While these findings weren’t detected in the control group.
Conclusion: LUS could be accurately and reliably used in the diagnosis and screening of TTN. Most common findings in TTN were pleural line abnormalities followed by AIS and DLP.
The Influence of Dwarfing Interstock on Biometric Growth Parameters of Apple
Authors: Ganai N. A. , Rasool Khalid , Ali Angrej , Hassan G. I. , Javeed Kounsar , Wani A. H. 
Published: December 2023

Apple trees grown on seedling rootstock often develop into large and vigorous trees making its management difficult. By using vigorous rootstocks only few trees can be accommodated per hectare making the productivity less profitable. Several dwarfing rootstocks of apple are available which need support system and incur heavy investment during orchard establishment. It would be ideal to obtain a tree with very good root system, to avoid the need for supporting systems and also with a low height, which can be achieved using the interstem. Therefore, in the present investigation M9 clonal interstem comprised of 2,4,6 and 8inches length were grafted between seedling rootstock and scion of two cultivars i.e., Red Delicious and American Apirouge which are most common and predominant cultivars in orchards of Kashmir. The average sapling height was to the tune of 38.85cm and 41.01 cm in Red Delicious and American Apirouge during first year of study. There was a progressive increase in the height of plant with decreasing interstem length. In both the apple cultivars stem diameter increased with decrease in interstem length but was lower than control during both the years of study, The rootstock influences the biometric parameters of the grafted trees. The results showed that increased interstem length significantly decreased sapling height and growth whereas, days taken to sprouting and survival per cent were non significant. Thus, it appeared as if the dwarfing rootstock genotype used as an inter-stem functioned as a kind of physical restriction to water movement and probably reduced the hydraulic conductance of the whole tree.
Virtual Visits With Own Family Physician vs Outside Family Physician and Emergency Department Use
Authors: Lapointe-Shaw Lauren , Salahub Christine , Austin Peter C. , Bai Li , Bhatia R. Sacha , Bird Cherryl , Glazier Richard H. , Hedden Lindsay , Ivers Noah M. , Martin Danielle , Shuldiner Jennifer , Spithoff Sheryl , Tadrous Mina , Kiran Tara 
Published: December 2023

ImportanceVirtual visits became more common after the COVID-19 pandemic, but it is unclear in what context they are best used.ObjectiveTo investigate whether there was a difference in subsequent emergency department use between patients who had a virtual visit with their own family physician vs those who had virtual visits with an outside physician.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis propensity score–matched cohort study was conducted among all Ontario residents attached to a family physician as of April 1, 2021, who had a virtual family physician visit in the subsequent year (to March 31, 2022).ExposureThe type of virtual family physician visit, with own or outside physician, was determined. In a secondary analysis, own physician visits were compared with visits with a physician working in direct-to-consumer telemedicine.Main Outcome and MeasureThe primary outcome was an emergency department visit within 7 days after the virtual visit.ResultsAmong 5 229 240 Ontario residents with a family physician and virtual visit, 4 173 869 patients (79.8%) had a virtual encounter with their own physician (mean [SD] age, 49.3 [21.5] years; 2 420 712 females [58.0%]) and 1 055 371 patients (20.2%) had an encounter with an outside physician (mean [SD] age, 41.8 [20.9] years; 605 614 females [57.4%]). In the matched cohort of 1 885 966 patients, those who saw an outside physician were 66% more likely to visit an emergency department within 7 days than those who had a virtual visit with their own physician (30 748 of 942 983 patients [3.3%] vs 18 519 of 942 983 patients [2.0%]; risk difference, 1.3% [95% CI, 1.2%-1.3%]; relative risk, 1.66 [95% CI, 1.63-1.69]). The increase in the risk of emergency department visits was greater when comparing 30 216 patients with definite direct-to-consumer telemedicine visits with 30 216 patients with own physician visits (risk difference, 4.1% [95% CI, 3.8%-4.5%]; relative risk, 2.99 [95% CI, 2.74-3.27]).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this study, patients whose virtual visit was with an outside physician were more likely to visit an emergency department in the next 7 days than those whose virtual visit was with their own family physician. These findings suggest that primary care virtual visits may be best used within an existing clinical relationship.
Prenatal Exposure to Severe Stress and Risks of Ischemic Heart Disease and Stroke in Offspring
Authors: Yang Fen , Janszky Imre , Roos Nathalie , Li Jiong , László Krisztina D. 
Published: December 2023

ImportancePrenatal stress is associated with increased risks of several cardiovascular risk factors later in life. However, knowledge regarding the role of prenatal stress in the development of ischemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke is very limited.ObjectiveTo examine prenatal stress, defined as maternal bereavement, and risks of IHD and stroke in the offspring.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA cohort study was conducted using data from Danish and Swedish registries. Live singleton births during calendar years 1973-2016 in Denmark (followed up until December 31, 2016) and during calendar years 1973-2014 in Sweden (followed up until December 31, 2021) were included in the analysis.ExposureMaternal loss of a close family member (partner, older children, parents, or siblings) the year before or during the pregnancy.Main Outcome and MeasuresDiagnoses of IHD and stroke. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for IHD and stroke in the offspring according to maternal bereavement.ResultsThe study included 6 758 560 births (39.4% from Denmark; 51.4% boys). During the median follow-up of 24.6 (IQR, 13.9-35.1) years, 8664 offspring (0.1%) were diagnosed with IHD and 13 094 with stroke (0.2%). Overall, maternal bereavement the year before or during pregnancy was not associated with IHD (adjusted HR [AHR], 0.98; 95% CI, 0.85-1.13) or stroke (AHR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.94-1.16) in offspring. Similarly, no associations were observed when exposure was classified by the mother’s relationship to the deceased individual, ie, loss of older child or partner (HR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.64-1.14 for IHD and 0.98; 95% CI, 0.77-1.25 for stroke) or loss of parent or sibling (HR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.87-1.21 for IHD and 1.06; 95% CI, 0.94-1.19 for stroke). However, associations between loss in the third trimester and IHD (AHR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.06-2.13), and loss due to cardiovascular disease and stroke (AHR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.03-1.44) were identified when exposure was classified by time of loss or the relative’s cause of death.Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this study provide little support for the hypothesis that prenatal stress is associated with risks of IHD and stroke in the first 5 decades of life. However, the association observed between stress in the third trimester and IHD warrants further investigation.
Sociocultural Risk and Resilience in the Context of Adverse Childhood Experiences
Authors: VanBronkhorst Sara B. , Abraham Eyal , Dambreville Renald , Ramos-Olazagasti Maria A. , Wall Melanie , Saunders David C. , Monk Catherine , Alegría Margarita , Canino Glorisa J. , Bird Hector , Duarte Cristiane S. 
Published: December 2023

ImportanceKnowledge about childhood resilience factors relevant in circumstances of marginalization and high numbers of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) can improve interventions.ObjectiveTo identify sociocultural resilience factors in childhood that are associated with better young adult mental health in the context of ACEs.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study examined 4 waves of data from the Boricua Youth Study, which included Puerto Rican children from the South Bronx, New York, and San Juan, Puerto Rico. Participants were aged 5 to 17 years at waves 1 through 3 (2000-2003) and aged 15 to 29 years at wave 4 (2013-2017). Linear and logistic regression models tested the associations of 7 childhood resilience factors and their interaction with ACEs on young adult mental health outcomes. Data were analyzed from June 2021 to October 2023.Main Outcomes and MeasuresPerceived stress, major depressive disorder and/or generalized anxiety disorder (MDD/GAD), and substance use disorder (SUD) in young adulthood.ResultsAmong a total 2004 participants, the mean (SD) age at wave 4 was 22.4 (2.9) years; 1024 participants (51.1%) were female, and 980 (48.9%) were male. Positive parent-child relationships and nonparental adult support during childhood were associated with both lower perceived stress (β = −0.14; SE = 0.02;P &amp;lt; .001; β = −0.08; SE = 0.03;P = .003, respectively) and lower odds of MDD/GAD (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.84; 95% CI, 0.73 to 0.97; aOR = 0.81; 95% CI, 0.69 to 0.95, respectively) in young adulthood. Maternal warmth reported during childhood was also associated with lower young adult perceived stress (β = −0.11; SE = 0.02;P &amp;lt; .001). None of the resilience factors were associated with SUD. The resilience factors familism, friendships, and family religiosity were not associated with any of the mental health outcomes. ACEs were associated with poorer mental health outcomes; however, none of the resilience factors exhibited interactions consistent with being protective for ACEs. Unexpectedly, higher family religiosity was associated with more perceived stress in the presence of higher ACEs.Conclusions and RelevanceThe results of this study suggest that promoting positive relationships with adults during childhood may reduce later young adulthood stress and MDD/GAD. However, there is still a need to identify sociocultural childhood protective factors for ACEs. Caution should be taken in assuming what resilience factors are relevant for a given group, as higher family religiosity (one postulated resilience factor) was unexpectedly associated with a stronger, rather than a weaker, association between ACEs and perceived stress in young adulthood.