bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Opportunistic Screening With Low-Dose Computed Tomography and Lung Cancer Mortality in China
Authors: Wang Lijie , Qi Yue , Liu Ailing , Guo Xiaolei , Sun Shanshan , Zhang Lanfang , Ji Huaijun , Liu Guiyuan , Zhao Huan , Jiang Yinan , Li Jingyi , Song Chengcun , Yu Xin , Yang Liu , Yu Jinchao , Feng Hu , Yang Fujun , Xue Fuzhong 
Published: December 2023

ImportanceDespite the recommendations of lung cancer screening guidelines and the evidence supporting the effectiveness of population-based lung screening, a common barrier to effective lung cancer screening is that the participation rates of low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening among individuals with the highest risk are not large. There are limited data from clinical practice regarding whether opportunistic LDCT screening is associated with reduced lung-cancer mortality.ObjectiveTo evaluate whether opportunistic LDCT screening is associated with improved prognosis among adults with lung cancer in mainland China.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study included patients diagnosed with lung cancer at Weihai Municipal Hospital Healthcare Group, Weihai City, China, from 2016 to 2021. Data were analyzed from January 2022 to February 2023.ExposuresData collected included demographic indicators, tumor characteristics, comorbidities, blood indexes, and treatment information. Patients were classified into screened and nonscreened groups on the basis of whether or not their lung cancer diagnosis occurred through opportunistic screening.Main Outcomes and MeasuresFollow-up outcome indicators included lung cancer–specific mortality and all-cause mortality. Propensity score matching (PSM) was adopted to account for potential imbalanced factors between groups. The associations between LDCT screening and outcomes were analyzed using Cox regression models based on the matched data with correction for lead time and length biases. Propensity score regression adjustment and inverse probability treatment weighting were used for sensitivity analysis.ResultsA total of 5234 patients (mean [SD] baseline age, 61.8 [9.8] years; 2518 [48.1%] female) with complete opportunistic screening information were included in the analytical sample, with 2251 patients (42.91%) receiving their lung cancer diagnosis through opportunistic screening. After 1:1 PSM, 2788 patients (1394 in each group) were finally included. The baseline characteristics of the matched patients were balanced between groups. Opportunistic screening with LDCT was associated with a 34% lower risk of lung cancer death (HR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.54-0.80) and 28% lower risk of all-cause death (HR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.60-0.86) after correction for lead time and length biases.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study of patients with lung cancer, opportunistic lung cancer screening with LDCT was associated with lower lung cancer mortality and all-cause mortality. These findings suggest that opportunistic screening is an important supplement to population screening to improve prognosis of adults with lung cancer.
Antiplatelet Therapy, Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Progression, and Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Hariri Essa , Matta Milad , Layoun Habib , Badwan Osamah , Braghieri Lorenzo , Owens A. Phillip , Burton Robert , Bhandari Rohan , Mix Doran , Bartholomew John , Schumick David , Elbadawi Ayman , Kapadia Samir , Hazen Stanley L. , Svensson Lars G. , Cameron Scott J. 
Published: December 2023

ImportancePreclinical studies suggest a potential role for aspirin in slowing abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) progression and preventing rupture. Evidence on the clinical benefit of aspirin in AAA from human studies is lacking.ObjectiveTo investigate the association of aspirin use with aneurysm progression and long-term clinical outcomes in patients with AAA.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis was a retrospective, single-center cohort study. Adult patients with at least 2 available vascular ultrasounds at the Cleveland Clinic were included, and patients with history of aneurysm repair, dissection, or rupture were excluded. All patients were followed up for 10 years. Data were analyzed from May 2022 to July 2023.Main Outcomes and MeasuresClinical outcomes were time-to-first occurrence of all-cause mortality, major bleeding, or composite of dissection, rupture, and repair. Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional-hazard regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) for all-cause mortality, and subhazard ratios competing-risk regression using Fine and Gray proportional subhazards regression was used for major bleeding and composite outcome. Aneurysm progression was assessed by comparing the mean annualized change of aneurysm diameter using multivariable-adjusted linear regression and comparing the odds of having rapid progression (annual diameter change &amp;gt;0.5 cm per year) using logistic regression.ResultsA total of 3435 patients (mean [SD] age 73.7 [9.0] years; 2672 male patients [77.5%]; 120 Asian, Hispanic, American Indian, or Pacific Islander patients [3.4%]; 255 Black patients [7.4%]; 3060 White patients [89.0%]; and median [IQR] follow-up, 4.9 [2.5-7.5] years) were included in the final analyses, of which 2150 (63%) were verified to be taking aspirin by prescription. Patients taking aspirin had a slower mean (SD) annualized change in aneurysm diameter (2.8 [3.0] vs 3.8 [4.2] mm per year; P = .001) and lower odds of having rapid aneurysm progression compared with patients not taking aspirin (adjusted odds ratio, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.49-0.89; P = .002). Aspirin use was not associated with risk of all-cause mortality (adjusted HR [aHR], 0.92; 95% CI, 0.79-1.07; P = .32), nor was aspirin use associated with major bleeding (aHR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.76-1.03; P = .12), or composite outcome (aHR, 1.16; 95% CI, 0.93-1.45; P = .09) at 10 years.ConclusionsIn this retrospective study of a clinical cohort of 3435 patients with objectively measured changes in aortic aneurysm growth, aspirin use was significantly associated with slower progression of AAA with a favorable safety profile.
Osteoporosis and Fracture Risk Following Benign Hysterectomy Among Female Patients in Korea
Authors: Seo Yong-Soo , Yuk Jin-Sung 
Published: December 2023

IMPORTANCEPrior research about the association between hysterectomy and osteoporosis risk had limitations.OBJECTIVETo assess osteoporosis and fracture risk among female patients who underwent hysterectomy due to benign conditions.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTSIn this retrospective cohort study, female patients aged 40 to 59 years with benign hysterectomy between 2003 and 2011 were selected from Korean National Health Insurance Data and matched by 1:1 propensity score with female patients who had health checkups and indicated that they had not had a hysterectomy. A Cox proportional hazard model was used to analyze osteoporosis and fracture risk, with participants monitored until December 31, 2020. Data analysis was performed from July 16, 2022, to January 12, 2023.EXPOSURESHysterectomy with or without adnexal surgical procedure.MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURESThe primary outcome was the risk of osteoporosis. Secondary outcomes included the risk of vertebral fracture, hip fracture, other fractures, and total fracture.RESULTSThe study population included 25 910 patients; the median (IQR) age was 47 (44-50) years, and median (IQR) follow-up period was 10.9 (9.4-12.7) years. In the stratified-extended Cox proportional analysis, female patients who underwent hysterectomy without an adnexal surgical procedure were associated with a higher risk of osteoporosis within 7 years compared with female patients who did not undergo hysterectomy (hazard ratio [HR], 1.28 [95% CI, 1.19-1.37]); the analysis was divided into 7 years due to a violation of the Cox assumption, and the risk did not differ after 7 years (HR, 0.99 [95% CI, 0.93-1.06]). However, the hysterectomy group with an adnexal surgical procedure had an association with higher risk of osteoporosis compared with the nonhysterectomy group both within 7 years of study entry (HR, 1.56 [95% CI, 1.33-1.82]) and after 7 years (HR, 1.20 [95% CI, 1.04-1.40]). In the hysterectomy group without an adnexal surgical procedure, the risks of vertebral fracture, hip fracture, and total fracture were similar to those in the nonhysterectomy group. Similar trends were observed in the hysterectomy group with an adnexal surgical procedure.CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCEHysterectomy without an adnexal surgical procedure was associated with an increased osteoporosis risk within 7 years, but not afterwards, compared with the nonhysterectomy group. Hysterectomy was not associated with vertebral and hip fractures.
Controlled Stepwise Wet Etching of Polycrystalline Mo Nanowires
Authors: Saidov Khakimjon , Erofeev Ivan , Aabdin Zainul , Pacco Antoine , Philipsen Harold , Hartanto Antony Winata , Chen Yifan , Yan Hongwei , Tjiu Weng Weei , Holsteyns Frank , Mirsaidov Utkur 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWith the persistent downscaling of integrated circuits, molybdenum (Mo) is currently considered a potential replacement for copper (Cu) as a material for metal interconnects. However, fabricating metal nanostructures with critical dimensions of the order of 10 nm and below is challenging. This is because the very high density of grain boundaries (GBs) results in highly non‐uniform surface profiles during direct wet etching. Moreover, wet etching of Mo with conventional aqueous solutions is problematic, as products of Mo oxidation have different solubility in water, which leads to increased surface roughness. Here, a process is shown for achieving a stable and uniform soluble surface layer of Mo oxide by wet oxidation with H2O2 dissolved in IPA at −20 °C. The oxide layer is then selectively dissolved, and by repeating the oxidation and dissolution multiple times, a uniform etch profile is demonstrated with a fine control over the metal recess. Ultimately, this presents a method of precise and uniform wet etching for Mo and other metals needed to fabricate complex nanostructures that are critical in developing next‐generation electronic devices.
K4ZnV5O15Cl: A Congruent‐Melting Mid‐Infrared Nonlinear Optical Crystal Combined with Strong Second‐Harmonic Generation and High Laser‐Induced Damage Threshold
Authors: Li Wenfei , Geng Lei , Meng Changyu , Ma Shihua , Zhu Baozhu , Lan Youzhao , Wu Qi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIt is extremely challenging to accomplish second‐harmonic generation (SHG) in the whole mid‐infrared (MIR) region for oxide crystals due to their short IR absorption cutoff wavelengths. Herein, a new MIR nonlinear optical (NLO) crystal of K4ZnV5O15Cl (KZVC) is designed and synthesized by the aliovalent substitution of [VIIIO5] with [ZnIIO4Cl] based on the K2(VO)(V2O7) matrix. KZVC features an ordered 2D [ZnV5O15Cl]∞ layered structure comprising [ZnO4Cl] / [VO5] square pyramids and [VO4] tetrahedron as functional units. Importantly, KZVC shows excellently balanced performances of strong SHG responses (12 × KDP @ 1064 nm, 1.1 × AgGaS2 @ 2.05 µm), broad IR transparency range (0.52‒10 µm), congruent‐melting behavior, and highest laser‐induced damage threshold (LIDT) (60 × AgGaS2 @ 1064 nm) among the reported vanadates. Most remarkably, KZVC represents the first example in the oxide‐based IR NLO crystals that can achieve phase matching in a wide wavelength range extending from 1.8 to 10 µm, fully covering the important MIR atmospheric windows (3‒5 µm).
Synthesis of Dihydropyrazoles via Palladium‐Catalyzed Cascade Heterocyclization/Carbonylation/Arylation of β,γ‐Unsaturated N‐Tosyl Hydrazones
Authors: Dantas Juliana A. , Hardy Melissa A. , Costa Mateus O. , De Oliveira Camila P. , Cabral Tadeu L. G. , Tormena Claudio Francisco , Sigman Matthew S. , Ferreira Marco A. B. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractA Pd‐catalyzed heterocyclization/carbonylation/arylation cascade reaction between β,γ‐unsaturated N−Ts hydrazones and commercially available arylboronic acids as coupling partners is described, producing 2‐pyrazoline‐ketone derivatives in 11–78% yield. A detailed statistical analysis of reactivity patterns of boronic acids provided key information about the limitations of the method, highlighting the challenges of degradation pathways. Our methodology offers a tool for synthesizing diverse 2‐pyrazoline‐ketone derivatives, expanding the toolbox of accessible N−N‐heterocycles.
Detecting Abnormality of Battery Lifetime from First‐Cycle Data Using Few‐Shot Learning
Authors: Tang Xiaopeng , Lai Xin , Zou Changfu , Zhou Yuanqiang , Zhu Jiajun , Zheng Yuejiu , Gao Furong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe service life of large battery packs can be significantly influenced by only one or two abnormal cells with faster aging rates. However, the early‐stage identification of lifetime abnormality is challenging due to the low abnormal rate and imperceptible initial performance deviations. This work proposes a lifetime abnormality detection method for batteries based on few‐shot learning and using only the first‐cycle aging data. Verified with the largest known dataset with 215 commercial lithium‐ion batteries, the method can identify all abnormal batteries, with a false alarm rate of only 3.8%. It is also found that any capacity and resistance‐based approach can easily fail to screen out a large proportion of the abnormal batteries, which should be given enough attention. This work highlights the opportunities to diagnose lifetime abnormalities via “big data” analysis, without requiring additional experimental effort or battery sensors, thereby leading to extended battery life, increased cost‐benefit, and improved environmental friendliness.
Quantitative analyses of RBC movement in whole blood exposed to DC and ELF electric field
Authors: Kanemaki Miki , Shimizu Hisae O. , Inujima Hiroshi , Miyake Takeo , Shimizu Koichi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractFor the study of biological effects of direct current (DC) and extremely low frequency (ELF) electric fields, we have quantitatively analyzed red blood cell (RBC) movement in whole blood. Considering the inhomogeneous distribution of electric fields in vivo, five different electric field distributions were generated under a microscope. For theoretical analyses, we assumed electrophoresis and dielectrophoresis as basic motive forces and obtained the spatial distribution of blood cell velocity. The RBC velocity was measured using video image analysis. The spatial dependence of the velocity showed good agreement with that predicted by theoretical analysis. This result suggests the validity of the theoretical model based on electrophoresis and dielectrophoresis for the study of ELF electric field exposure to inhomogeneous animal and human bodies. Next, using the same measurement system, we attempted to find the electric field strength at which these effects occur. The threshold values were found to be 0.40 and 1.6 kV/m, respectively, for DC and AC electric field exposures. Furthermore, we investigated the reproducibility of the field effects in more realistic conditions of human exposure. The RBCs in microchannels were exposed to the electric field generated in capacitive coupling using electrodes separated by an air gap. Even in the new condition, similar effects were observed, which also verified the validity of the analysis described above. These results will provide useful information for the safety assessment of field exposure and for the future biomedical applications of electric fields to manipulate RBCs in vivo.
Internet‐delivered Parent–Child Interaction Therapy increases positive parenting behaviors that maintain over time
Authors: Dufrene Brad A. , LaBrot Zachary C. , Peak Lauren , Weaver Caitlyn 
Published: December 2023

AbstractYoung children's display of emotional and behavioral difficulties is relatively commonplace. However, if left unaddressed, these challenging behaviors have potential to develop into more serious problems. Furthermore, parents often report feeling unprepared to prevent and address their young children's emotional and behavioral difficulties. Fortunately, behavioral parent training strategies, such as Parent–Child Interaction Therapy, have been found to be effective for helping parents learn to effectively improve young children's behavior. Although effective, there are barriers to accessing behavioral parent training, such as cost, lack of transportation, and living in rural areas with limited mental and behavioral health care. Therefore, the purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the effects of internet‐delivered PCIT (iPCIT) on parents' use of praise, reflections, imitations, descriptions, and enjoyment/enthusiasm (PRIDE skills) with children referred for disruptive behavior. Participants in this study included three parents and their 2‐year‐old children. We used a concurrent multiple probe across participants' design to test the effects of iPCIT on parents' use of PRIDE skills and maintenance of treatment effects. Results indicated that all three parents increased their use of PRIDE skills and maintained them following termination of treatment. Results, implications, and future directions are discussed.
Leveraging yeast sequestration to study and engineer posttranslational modification enzymes
Authors: Martinusen Samantha G. , Denard Carl A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractEnzymes that catalyze posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of peptides and proteins (PTM–enzymes)—proteases, protein ligases, oxidoreductases, kinases, and other transferases—are foundational to our understanding of health and disease and empower applications in chemical biology, synthetic biology, and biomedicine. To fully harness the potential of PTM–enzymes, there is a critical need to decipher their enzymatic and biological mechanisms, develop molecules that can probe and modulate them, and endow them with improved and novel functions. These objectives are contingent upon implementation of high‐throughput functional screens and selections that interrogate large sequence libraries to isolate desired PTM–enzyme properties. This review discusses the principles of Saccharomyces cerevisiae organelle sequestration to study and engineer PTM–enzymes. These include outer membrane sequestration, specifically methods that modify yeast surface display, and cytoplasmic sequestration based on enzyme‐mediated transcription activation. Furthermore, we present a detailed discussion of yeast endoplasmic reticulum sequestration for the first time. Where appropriate, we highlight the major features and limitations of different systems, specifically how they can measure and control enzyme catalytic efficiencies. Taken together, yeast‐based high‐throughput sequestration approaches significantly lower the barrier to understanding how PTM–enzymes function and how to reprogram them.
Aneurysmal dilation of sinus of Valsalva in a patient with undiagnosed acromegaly
Authors: Gharoy Hoda , Taghavi Sepideh , Ghaemmaghami Zahra , Rabiei Parham , Afzalnia Azadeh 
Published: December 2023

Key Clinical MessageIn patients presenting with aortic ectasia and myxomatous valve diseases at young ages, possible underlying acromegaly should be in mind.AbstractAcromegaly is a chronic systemic disease mainly caused by the benign pituitary adenoma secreting growth hormone (GH) in excess. Acromegaly is associated with various complications such as cardiovascular diseases. In this regard, timely diagnosis, and management of these patients could be life‐saving. Herein, a case of aneurysmal dilation of the sinus of Valsalva with severe aortic and mitral regurgitation in a patient with undiagnosed acromegaly is presented.
Enhancing Electrocatalytic Synthesis of Glycine with CuPb1ML Electrode Synthesized via Pb UPD
Authors: Broersen Pim J. L. , de Groot Thijs. , Bruggeman Didjay F. , Caarls Emma S. , Trindell Jamie A. , Anastasiadou Dimitra , Figueiredo Marta C. , Rothenberg Gadi , Garcia Amanda C. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn the field of reductive organic electrosynthesis, the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is considered a parasitic reaction that lowers the Faradaic efficiency of the synthesis. Metals with a high overpotential for HER are often used to prevent this. However, this limits the catalytic materials that can be used in these reactions. To expand upon the scope of available electrocatalysts, we prepared a CuPb electrode via underpotential deposition (UPD). We thereby created an electrocatalyst with a single monolayer of Pb, CuPb1ML, in which Pb weight loading is only 415 ng cm−2, yet its properties could still effectively inhibit HER. The CuPb1ML electrode was used in the electrosynthesis of glycine from oxalic acid and hydroxylamine. This reaction served as a model for a C−N bond forming reaction in acidic aqueous media. The CuPb1ML electrode was compared against a pure Pb and Cu metal electrode. The CuPb1ML electrode showed a Faradaic efficiency for glycine production of 57 %, which was 9‐fold higher than Cu and rivaled the Pb electrode. The catalytic activity of CuPb1ML was 211 μmol h−1 cm−2, which is higher than both Cu and Pb. The mechanism of the electroreduction was then studied via in situ Fourier Transform Infra‐Red (FTIR) spectroscopy. These results hinted to an evolution of the electrocatalyst during the electrolysis reaction, which was then studied via Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X‐Ray Photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). We found that the Pb monolayer restructured during catalysis, forming microparticles that were active in the reaction based on the listed experiments. Pb alloying into the lattice, which can occur during UPD, also lowered the HER, further facilitating glycine synthesis. Thus, our research also shows how Pb UPD impacts the catalytic properties of a metal both through monolayer deposition as well as surface alloying.
Hydroamination of Triisopropylsilyl Acetylene Sulfur Pentafluoride – a Bench‐top Route to Pentafluorosulfanylated Enamines
Authors: Wenzel Jonas O. , Jester Fabian , Togni Antonio , Rombach David 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSynthetic access to a variety of aliphatic and vinylic pentafluorosulfanylated building blocks remains a major challenge in contemporary organofluorine chemistry hampering its investigation in the context of medicinal chemistry, agrochemistry and functional materials. Herein, we report a bench‐top protocol to access the virtually unknown class of α‐SF5‐enamines under mild reaction conditions in good to excellent yields (up to 95 %). This reaction combines the protodesilylation of the commercially available precursor TASP with the in situ hydroamination of HC≡C−SF5. The on‐site use of highly toxic gases or corrosive reagents is avoided, making access to this motif applicable to a wide chemical audience. The excellent E‐diastereoselectivity of this two‐step cascade reaction is suggested to be the result of the convergence of the fast Z‐/E‐ isomerization of a vinyl anion as well as the isomerization of the iminium ion. The remarkable thermal stability of these SF5‐enamines encourages further studies of their synthetic utility.