bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hygrothermal aging of rubber‐modified and mineral‐filled dicyandiamide‐cured DGEBA epoxy resin. II. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis
Authors: Ivanova Katya I. , Pethrick Richard A. , Affrossman Stanley 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe effects of hydration–dehydration cycling on the dynamic mechanical response of a rubber modified, mineral‐filled epoxy resin based on the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A cured with dicyandiamide are reported. Samples of the resin were aged in both deionized water and 5% w/w NaCl solution at 65 °C. A dynamic mechanical thermal analyzer was used to detect the changes in the mechanical spectrum of the material induced by moisture ingress. Water absorbed at weight fractions up to 4.3% caused plasticization of the polymer matrix, and the measured decrease in the glass transition temperature could be interpreted in terms of the polymer network–diluent theory. Water absorbed at levels >4.3% weight fraction resides in microcavities formed as result of the aging process and did not further affect the dynamic mechanical response of the resin. The dynamic mechanical properties of the material were independent of the previous history of exposure to humidity. In the presence of NaCl, the microcavity growth was prevented and the amount of water absorbed did not exceed 4.1% weight fraction. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 82: 3477–3485, 2001
Correlation of rheological and mechanical properties for blends of recycled HDPE and virgin polyolefins
Authors: Miller Paul , Sbarski Igor , Kosior Edward , Masood Syed , Iovenitti Pio 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThis article investigates the rheological and mechanical properties for blends of recycled high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) and virgin polyolefins and attempts to correlate relative shear viscosity and relative stiffness for these blends. These virgin polyolefins comprised a wide variety of flow characteristics, from high‐flow injection molding, low‐density and linear low‐density polyethylene to very low‐flow film blowing grade high‐density polyethylene. It can be seen that there is a variety of behaviors for the relative viscosity and relative stiffness of the blends studied. Relative viscosity and relative stiffness can largely be described by linear curves. This article categorizes these parameters according to the gradient of these linear curves. The difference between the relative viscosity gradient and relative stiffness gradient is identified as a product of a variety of factors, including branching content, viscosity level, and the nature of any side units. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 82: 3505–3512, 2001
Binding of metal cations to chemically modified wool and antimicrobial properties of the wool–metal complexes
Authors: Freddi G. , Arai T. , Colonna G. M. , Boschi A. , Tsukada M. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractWool was modified by treatment with tannic acid (TA) or by acylation with ethylenediaminetetraacetic (EDTA) dianhydride. Kinetics of modification with TA and acylation with EDTA–dianhydride was investigated as a function of the reaction time. Wool displayed a higher breaking load and lower elongation at break as the degree of acylation increased. The absorption of metal cations (Ag+, Cu2+) by untreated and chemically modified wool was studied as a function of the kind of modifying agent, weight gain, and pH of the metal solution. Absorption of Ag+ and Cu2+ at alkaline pH increased with increasing weight gain of both TA and EDTA–dianhydride. The absorption of metal cations by untreated and TA‐treated wool below pH 7 was negligible. Acylation with EDTA–dianhydride enabled wool to absorb and bind significant amounts of metal cations at acidic and neutral pHs. The wool–Ag complexes exhibited low levels of metal desorption at acidic pH, irrespective of chemical modification. Higher levels of metal desorption were shown by wool–Cu and wool–EDTA–Cu complexes. Wool–Ag complexes exhibited prominent antimicrobial activity against Cornebacterium and E. coli. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 82: 3513–3519, 2001
Synthesis and aqueous solution behavior of hydrophobically modified polyelectrolytes
Authors: Lin Ye , Leijun Mao , Ronghua Huang 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe hydrophobically modified polyelectrolytes were prepared by a micellar technique from acrylamide, n‐alkylacrylamides, and a third monomer, sodium acrylate or sodium 2‐acrylamide‐2‐methylpropanesulfonate. Synthesis and solution properties of the terpolymers were studied. In the synthesis process, the type and amount of surfactant and anionic monomers influenced their solution behavior greatly. The terpolymers showed strong synergistic viscosification effects between their ions and hydrophobic groups. Their aqueous brine solutions exhibit high viscosity at low polymer concentration and can maintain the viscosity during aging at a high temperature (80°C). © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 82: 3552–3557, 2001
Apolipophorin‐III in the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
Authors: Halwani Adla E. , Niven Donald F. , Dunphy Gary B. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe level of apolipophorin‐III reached a maximum in the haemolymph of Galleria mellonella at the end of the feeding phase of the seventh larval instar and declined to a plateau value in the pupal and the adult stages. Apolipophorin‐III was detected immunologically in fat body tissue, haemocyte lysates, and plasma. In its native state, apolipophorin‐III may be associated with another protein with an apparent molecular mass of 77 kDa, possibly apolipophorin‐II. Injections of octopamine did not cause lipid loading of high density lipophorin. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 48:135–143, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sex pheromone components in oral secretions and crop of male caribbean fruit flies, Anastrepha suspensa (Loew)
Authors: Lu F. , Teal P.E.A. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractChemical analysis of hexane extracts of the oral secretions from male Caribbean fruit flies, Anastrepha suspensa, resulted in identification of pheromone components including: anastrephin, epianastrephin, suspensolide, β‐bisabolene, and α‐farnesene in a ratio of 63:396:4:8:1. Extracts of the crop from male flies contained these same components. No pheromone was detected in the extracts of female oral secretions. Bioassay of the oral secretions indicated that females were attracted to oral secretions from males but not from females. The amounts of anastrephin and epianastrephin in male oral secretions changed with age and time of the day, and were correlated with the amounts of volatile pheromone components released by male flies. The amounts of suspensolide, β‐bisabolene, and α‐farnesene in the crop tissue were greater than those in the crop liquid, while amounts of anastrephin and epianastrephin in the crop tissue and crop liquid changed during the day. Generally, the amounts of suspensolide and β‐bisabolene decreased, and the amounts of anastrephin and epianastrephin increased from 9 am to 6 pm in both crop tissue and crop liquid. The amounts of anastrephin and epianastrephin from crop tissue or crop liquid incubated with suspensolide were significantly higher than those of control. The data show that oral secretions deposited on leaves by males contained terpenoid pheromone components that attract females and that suspensolide was converted to anastrephin and epianastrephin by enzymatic degradation in the crop of male flies. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 48:144–154, 2001. Published 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inconsistency in the expression of locomotor and ERG circadian rhythms in the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.)
Authors: Chang Huan‐Wen , Lee How‐Jing 
Published: October 2004

AbstractERG recordings from German cockroaches showed that the amplitude of light‐evoked responses have a circadian rhythmicity in adult males that coincided with the locomotor circadian rhythm. The peak of the response occurred during the subjective night, and the circadian period was less than 24 h under DD condition. In contrast, although the locomotor circadian rhythm was masked by the development of ovaries and pregnancy in females, their visual responses displayed circadian rhythmicity. This inconsistency in expression of locomotor and visual sensitivity circadian rhythms in females implied separate pacemakers for these two overt rhythms. After severing the optic nerves, changes in ERG amplitude of the operated cockroaches still displayed a circadian rhythm under DD condition, demonstrating that the visual sensitive pacemaker was located in the eye and independent from the locomotor pacemaker. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 48:155–166, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Frequency response of alternating currents through the Staphylococcus aureus α‐hemolysin ion channel†
Authors: Misakian M. , Kasianowicz J.J. , Robertson B. , Petersons O. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractAlternating currents were measured through transmembrane ion channels formed by Staphylococcus aureus α‐hemolysin proteins in planar bilayer membranes as part of an investigation to determine the channel's frequency response and the appropriateness of an equivalent circuit commonly used to model electrical interactions at the surface of cells. The experimental approach includes a novel method for separating the alternating current through one or more channels, which is conductive in nature, from the capacitively coupled current through the membrane. Separation of the conductive and capacitive alternating currents made it possible to measure the frequency response of the α‐hemolysin channels. The results of the study are consistent with an equivalent circuit of a membrane capacitor in parallel with one or more channel resistors over the frequency range 30–120 Hz. The possible usefulness of frequency response data for ion channels in cell membranes during investigations of biological effects of time‐varying magnetic fields is briefly discussed. Bioelectromagnetics 22:487–493, 2001. Published 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An evolutionary model for the origin of non‐randomness, long‐range order and fractality in the genome
Authors: Almirantis Yannis , Provata Astero 
Published: October 2004

AbstractWe present a model for genome evolution, comprising biologically plausible events such as transpositions inside the genome and insertions of exogenous sequences. This model attempts to formulate a minimal proposition accounting for key statistical properties of genomes, avoiding, as far as possible, unsupportable hypotheses for the remote evolutionary past. The statistical properties that are observed in genomic sequences and are reproduced by the proposed model are: (i) deviations from randomness at different length scales, measured by suitable algorithms, (ii) a special form of size distribution (power law distribution) characterising different levels of genome organisation in the non‐coding, and (iii) extensive resemblance in the alternation of coding and non‐coding regions at several length scales (self‐similarity) in long genomic sequences of higher eukaryotes. BioEssays 23:647–656, 2001. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Suppression of linearly responsive residual water
Authors: Zhang Shanmin , Yang Xianbin , Gorenstein David G. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe residual water, coming from a region away from the center of the RF coil and therefore experiencing a much smaller flip‐angle than the designed one, may not be well suppressed in certain water‐suppression experiments. To suppress the residual water efficiently, a composite 90x° 90y° 90−x° 90−x° pulse is used in the WET sequence, which de‐excites molecules experiencing small flip‐angles. The composite pulse, however, has two null excitation points near on‐resonance, causing a severe loss of spectrum intensity and baseline distortion toward the null points. A phase inversion at each null point is found in the excitation profile of the composite pulse. This phenomenon is explored in detail. Because the residual water experiences a very small flip‐angle, it can be treated as a linear spin system, i.e., its peak intensity is proportional to the flip‐angle. Based on this principle, the residual water can be reduced dramatically by replacing the 90° pulse in the WET sequence with a 270° pulse for one out of every four scans. Unlike the composite pulse, this scheme does not introduce noticeable loss of spectrum intensity and baseline distortion. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson 14: 102–111, 2002
Receiver imperfections and CYCLOPS: An alternative description
Authors: Reichert Detlef , Hempel Günter 
Published: October 2004

AbstractWe present a quantitative approach to describe the spectral artifacts that are introduced into the NMR spectrum by imperfections of the receiver electronics of the NMR spectrometer (“mirror image” or “ghost”, “transmitter spike”). In contrast to the commonly used graphical representation, it is based on a rigorous algebraic treatment and provides quantitative results on the intensities and phases of the artifacts easily. We apply this approach to the quantitative explanation of the well‐known Cyclically Ordered Phase Sequence phase cycle (CYCLOPS) that serves to suppress the receiver imperfections and thus to remove the artifacts from the frequency spectrum. Finally, we compare the algebraic results with a graphical approach and demonstrate that the application of CYCLOPS minimizes the artifacts even if the spectrometer has deficiencies in the transmitter electronics. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson 14: 130–139, 2002
Adiabatic radiofrequency pulse forms in biomedical nuclear magnetic resonance
Authors: Norris David G. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractAdiabatic radio frequency (RF) pulses are in widespread use in biomedical magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy. The primary advantage of adiabatic pulses is that provided the condition for adiabaticity is satisfied they can be made insensitive to inhomogeneities in the RF field. In this pedagogical article the principles of adiabatic fast passage (AFP) are explained, and the use of AFP to invert both stationary and flowing spin systems is examined. The hyperbolic secant pulse is presented as a pulse capable of performing slice selective adiabatic inversion. Lower power alternatives to this pulse are described, and the principle of offset independent constant adiabaticity is elucidated. Instantaneous reversal of the orientation of the effective RF field as a means of producing excitation and refocusing pulses is presented, as are methods of obtaining slice selective excitation with these pulses. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson 2: 89–101, 2002
Performance of CIE94 for nonreference conditions
Authors: Griffin Lewis D. , Sepehri Arsalan 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe CIE94 colour difference equations are known to give good predictions of subjective colour differences for viewing under reference conditions. We have psychophysically tested whether the equations also give useful predictions when the conditions are relaxed. In particular, we collected subjective colour difference data with (i) chromatic illuminants, (ii) textured samples, and (iii) large colour differences. The predicted differences, to be compared with the measured subjective differences, were calculated by using a von Kries transform to predict colour appearance under D65, followed by application of the CIE94 equations (with the default lightness, chroma, and hue weightings). We found that subjective colour differences were not predicted properly. However, if texture is accounted for by modifying predicted colour differences by a sample‐pair dependent linear function, then prediction is successful for all data points apart from those corresponding to illumination under a strongly saturated red illuminant. The fit of this model and its utility in predicting illuminants that enhance colour differences was confirmed by statistical tests. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 27, 108–115, 2002; DOI 10.1002/col.10029
A cross‐cultural colour‐naming study: Part II—Using a constrained method
Authors: Lin H. , Luo M. R. , MacDonald L. W. , Tarrant A. W. S. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the differences in colour naming between the English (British) and Mandarin (Taiwanese) languages. A constrained method was employed, with 20 British and 20 Chinese adults. All the experiments were conducted under an artificial daylight, using 1526 colours from the Natural Color System (NCS). Each subject was asked to find the colour(s) corresponding to basic names, modifiers, and secondary names in terms of one colour (focal colour) or a colour region (colour volume). Little difference in chromaticness and hue was found between the two languages, but a systematic discrepancy was found in blackness. Because this could have been caused by different surrounds, i.e., gray and white walls used for the British and Chinese experiments, respectively, a verification experiment was carried out using a panel of ten Taiwanese subjects against a gray surround. The results proved that the lightness difference found earlier was indeed caused by the surround. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Col Res Appl, 26, 193–208, 2001
Sequential immunofluorescence staining and image analysis for detection of large numbers of antigens in individual cell nuclei
Authors: Wählby Carolina , Erlandsson Fredrik , Bengtsson Ewert , Zetterberg Anders 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBackgroundVisualization of more than one antigen by multicolor immunostaining is often desirable or even necessary to explore spatial and temporal relationships of functional significance. Previously presented staining protocols have been limited to the visualization of three or four antigens.MethodsImmunofluorescence staining was performed both on slices of formalin‐fixed tissue and on cells in culture. Images of the stained material were recorded using digital imaging fluorescence microscopy. The primary and secondary antibodies, as well as the fluorophores, were thereafter removed using a combination of denaturation and elution techniques. After removal of the fluorescence stain, a new immunofluorescence staining was performed, visualizing a new set of antigens. The procedure was repeated up to three times. A method for image registration combined with segmentation, extraction of data, and cell classification was developed for efficient and objective analysis of the image data.ResultsThe results show that immunofluorescence stains in many cases can be repeatedly removed without major effects on the antigenicity of the sample.ConclusionsThe concentration of at least six different antigens in each cell can thus be measured semiquantitatively using sequential immunofluorescence staining and the described image analysis techniques. The number of antigens that can be visualized in a single sample is considerably increased by the presented protocol. Cytometry 47:32–41, 2002. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
DNA ploidy in soft tissue sarcoma: Comparison of flow and image cytometry with clinical follow‐up in 93 patients
Authors: Dreinhöfer Karsten E. , Baldetorp Bo , Åkerman Måns , Fernö Mårten , Rydholm Anders , Gustafson Pelle 
Published: October 2004

AbstractIn soft tissue sarcoma, the prognostic importance of DNA ploidy status is limited. One possible explanation may be technical; small nondiploid stemlines will be diluted in relation to the presence of normal diploid cells and may not be detected by flow cytometry (FCM). We assessed DNA ploidy status in 93 tumors with both FCM and image cytometry (ICM). ICM may permit the exclusion of nonrelevant cells. The ability of the two methods to detect nondiploid stemlines was compared, as were the prognostic consequences. The patients (54 males) had a median age of 69 years. Surgical procedures were performed on all patients. None of the patients had received preoperative radiotherapy or chemotherapy. FCM and ICM were performed with standard methods. The prognostic value was assessed with univariate and multivariate analysis. In 82 of the 93 tumors, a concordant ploidy status by FCM and ICM was found. In 5 FCM type 1‐2 tumors (diploid), the identification of nondiploid stemlines by ICM did not influence the metastatic rates. Increasing tumor size, histotype other than liposarcoma, increasing malignancy grade, tumor necrosis, and ICM nondiploidy were univariate prognostic factors for metastasis. In a multivariate analysis, only tumor size larger than 9 cm was a prognostic factor. In about 10% of the tumors, a discrepancy between FCM and ICM ploidy status was found, but we could not find a consistent prognostic consequence of this. Neither FCM nor ICM ploidy status was an independent prognostic factor. Cytometry (Clin. Cytometry) 50:19–24, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Painting with a molecular brush: Genomic/proteomic interfacing to define the drug action profile of novel solid‐tumor selective anticancer agents
Authors: Nakeff Alexander , Sahay Nisha , Pisano Mike , Subramanian Balanehru 
Published: October 2004

AbstractXK469 is an investigational anticancer agent that exhibits antiproliferative activity in tumor‐bearing animal models. We examined the drug‐action profile of this agent at the molecular level regarding alterations induced in gene expression and proteins in HCT‐116 human colon adenocarcinoma cells. We used a unique cDNA microarray (GeneMapTM Cancerarray) comprising 1152 human tumor‐related genes and 2‐D gel electrophoresis, respectively, following a 24‐hour exposure to a drug concentration that killed a two‐log fraction of HCT‐116 clonogenic cells. Functional gene cluster profile (FGCP) analysis of the 71 out of 1152 genes that displayed a >2‐fold increase or decrease in expression (over untreated control) identified a drug‐specific involvement of the MAPK signal transduction pathway. MAPK signaling together with the involvement of ubiquitin proteins from 2‐D gel electrophoresis suggest a novel drug‐action profile at the molecular level for the in vitro antiproliferative activity of XK469. Cytometry 47:72–79, 2002. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Aspiration cytology of the collagenized variant of mammary myofibroblastoma: A case report with review of the literature
Authors: Simsir A. , Cangiarella J. , Boppana S. , Waisman J. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractMyofibroblastoma of the breast is a rare benign stromal neoplasm, which occurs primarily in men. Classical myofibroblastoma is a circumscribed, nonencapsulated tumor comprised of bipolar fusiform cells arranged randomly, or in fascicles alternating with broad collagenous bands. Additional histologic variants (the cellular, collagenized, infiltrative, and epitheloid types) have been described. Several case reports describe the cytopathologic features of the classical and cellular variants. We report on a 70‐yr‐old woman, who presented with a circumscribed mass in her left breast. Aspiration biopsy showed paucicellular smears with singly distributed atypical spindle‐shaped cells and rare fragments of collagenized stroma, raising suspicion of a phyllodes tumor. Histologic examination revealed spindle‐shaped cells distributed in a diffusely collagenized stroma. Some nuclear atypia was present. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case reporting the cytologic features of the collagenized variant of myofibroblastoma. Although we believe a specific diagnosis of myofibroblastoma can be rendered in a male based on the typical cytologic and clinical findings in the classical type, the variant forms are difficult to classify accurately and require excision for a definitive diagnosis. Diagn. Cytopathol. 24:399–402, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.