bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phase I trial of interferon α2b and liposome‐encapsulated all‐trans retinoic acid in the treatment of patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Goldberg Jonathan S. , Vargas Manuel , Rosmarin Alyssa S. , Milowsky Matthew I. , Papanicoloau Nicholas , Gudas Lorraine J. , Shelton Gary , Feit Kevie , Petrylak Daniel , Nanus David M. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDStudies suggest that retinoic acid (RA) can augment the antitumor effects of interferon‐based therapy in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RC); however, this benefit has not been achieved convincingly using oral formulations of 13‐cis RA and all‐trans RA. Liposome‐encapsulated all‐trans RA (ATRA‐IV) has improved pharmacokinetics with increased and prolonged ATRA serum levels compared with oral retinoids.METHODSCohorts of 3–6 patients with progressive metastatic RC received a dose of 3 MU interferon α2b per day subcutaneously, which was escalated weekly to 5 MU and then to 10 MU, plus ATRA‐IV beginning at a dose of 90 mg/m2 intravenously three times per week (Monday, Wednesday, and Friday), with a planned escalation to a maximum of 140 mg/m2.RESULTSTwo of the initial five patients experienced Grade 3 leukopenia while receiving 3 MU interferon and 90 mg/m2 ATRA‐IV. Therefore, the trial was amended to begin ATRA‐IV at a dose of 15 mg/m2 three times per week with a planned escalation by 15 mg/m2 per cohort plus interferon‐α at a dose of 3 MU subcutaneously 5 days per week (Monday through Friday), which was escalated weekly to 5 MU and then to 10 MU. Twelve patients were treated on the revised schedule. Toxicity was mild and included Grade 2 anemia (n = 7 patients), leukopenia (n = 2 patients), nausea (n = 2 patients), fatigue (n = 2 patients), fever (n = 2 patients), hepatic toxicity (n = 1 patient), edema (n = 1 patient), neurocortical toxicity (n = 1 patient), headache (n = 1 patient), and infection (n = 1 patient). One patient developed hyperthyroidism, and one patient required admission for bacteremia from a line infection. Dose limiting toxicity was Grade 3 hepatic toxicity, which was observed at a dose of 30 mg/m2 ATRA‐IV in 2 of 6 patients. Only 2 of 12 patients agreed to a dose escalation up to 10 MU interferon‐α. Of 12 patients who were evaluable for response, 2 patients (17%) had a partial response in bone and lung, including 1 partial response of > 91 weeks' duration, at a dose of 15 mg/m2 ATRA‐IV three times per week and 5 MU interferon‐α. Five additional patients experienced stable disease, two of whom had disease progression in bone only.CONCLUSIONSThe acceptable toxicity profile and preliminary efficacy results suggest that this regimen warrants further evaluation. ATRA‐IV (15 mg/m2 TIW) and interferon‐α (3 MU Monday through Friday escalated weekly to 5 MU and to 7 MU) are recommended for further study in patients with advanced RC. Cancer 2002;95:1220–7. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10809
Dopamine depletion causes fragmented clustering of neurons in the sensorimotor striatum: Evidence of lasting reorganization of corticostriatal input
Authors: Cho Jeiwon , Duke Dawn , Manzino Lawrence , Sonsalla Patricia K. , West Mark O. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractFiring during sensorimotor exam was used to categorize single neurons in the lateral striatum of awake, unrestrained rats. Five rats received unilateral injection of 6‐hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA) into the medial forebrain bundle to deplete striatal dopamine (DA; >98% depletion, postmortem assay). Three months after treatment, rats exhibited exaggerated rotational behavior induced by L‐dihydroxyphenylalanine (L‐DOPA) and contralateral sensory neglect. Electrode track “depth profiles” on the DA‐depleted side showed fragmented clustering of neurons related to sensorimotor activity of single body parts (SBP neurons). Clusters were smaller than normal, and more SBP neurons were observed in isolation, outside of clusters. More body parts were represented per unit volume. No recovery in these measures was observed up to one year post lesion. Overall distributions of neurons related to different body parts were not altered. The fragmentation of SBP clusters after DA depletion indicates that a percentage of striatal SBP neurons switched responsiveness from one body part to one or more different body parts. Because the specific firing that characterizes striatal SBP neurons is mediated by corticostriatal inputs (Liles and Updyke [1985] Brain Res. 339:245–255), the data indicate that DA depletion resulted in a reorganization of corticostriatal connections, perhaps via unmasking or sprouting of connections to adjacent clusters of striatal neurons. After reorganization, sensory activity in a localized body part activates striatal neurons that have switched to that body part. In turn, switched signals sent from basal ganglia to premotor and motor neurons, which likely retain their original connections, would create mismatches in these normally precise topographic connections. Switched signals could partially explain parkinsonian deficits in motor functions involving somatosensory guidance and their intractability to L‐DOPA therapy—particularly if the switching involves sprouting. J. Comp. Neurol. 452:24–37, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Forward‐link analysis of a two‐tier CDMA system with imperfect power control
Authors: Wu Jung‐Shyr , Hwang Bor‐Jiunn 
Published: October 2002

AbstractPower control is an effective technique to reduce cochannel interference and increase capacity for cellular radio systems. The purpose of forward‐link power control in a CDMA system is to reduce the amount of interference in neighbouring cells by reducing the total amount of power transmitted. In an underlaying two‐tier system, microcell's capacity is limited by the forward link due to the interference from macrocell's basestation. Therefore, forward‐link power control is required to enhance system capacity and reduce outage probability. In this paper, we study the effect of imperfect forward‐link power control due to the limitation of power transmitted by basestation. Performance measures including capacity, outage probability and service hole area are analysed. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sieve deposition by debris flow on a permeable substrate, Leirdalen, Norway
Authors: Shakesby Richard A. , Matthews John A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe characteristics of two recent (AD 1994) debris flows in upper Leirdalen, Jotunheimen, Norway, suggest deposition controlled by fluid loss into the underlying, highly permeable, coarse talus. The evidence comprises: (1) drainage holes (sieveholes) up to 44 cm wide and 125 cm deep in the debris‐flow channel floors, which remained open throughout the debris‐flow event; (2) marked channel narrowing, with reduced cross‐sectional areas and termination of the debris flows in flat‐topped, clast‐dominated lobes within a relatively short distance after crossing the junction between impermeable and permeable substrate; (3) the presence of fines deposited in the sieveholes demonstrating the passage of transported matrix; and (4) the absence of substantial lateral drainage through (or dissection of) the levées or the terminal lobes. The term ‘sieve deposition’ is considered particularly well suited to this process involving drainage through the substrate, which is likely to be most effective where debris flows traverse coarse talus either for the first time or only infrequently. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dunefoot dynamics along the Dutch coast
Authors: Ruessink B. G. , Jeuken M. C. J. L. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe dynamics of the dunefoot along a 160 km portion of the Dutch coast has been investigated based on a data set of annual surveys dating back to as early as 1850. The linearly detrended (or residual) dunefoot positions comprise an alongshore uniform and an alongshore non‐uniform component. The former is expressed as 10 to 15 m of landward retreat along extensive (>10 km) stretches of coast during years with severe storm surges and as up to 5 m of seaward advance during years without significant storm activity. The latter, alongshore non‐uniform component is organized in sandwave‐like patterns, which may have a longevity of decades to up to the duration of the entire data set (150 years). Their wavelengths vary along the coast, from 3·5 to 10 km; migration rates are 0–200 m a−1. Dunefoot sandwaves are shown to be the shoreward extensions of similar sandwave patterns in the beach position. The non‐uniform dunefoot behaviour constitutes at least 80 per cent of the total residual dunefoot dynamics, implying that along the Dutch coast residual dunefoot variability is controlled by temporal and spatial variability in beach characteristics, and not by storm‐induced uniform erosion. Various potential mechanisms causing beach sandwaves are discussed. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Community‐based organizations and state initiatives: The negotiation process of program evaluation
Authors: Guzmán Bianca L. , Feria Aida 
Published: October 2002

AbstractEvaluators must operate in a multicontextual environment with multiple stakeholders. As the hierarchy of stakeholders becomes more complex, evaluators must react to and work within the ecological environment in which their evaluated programs are conducted. Recognizing the factors that influence the evaluation plan and knowing the best strategies in dealing with different authorizing environments can reduce the difficulty of negotiating with multiple stakeholders and increase the evaluation's validity.
Prevalence of dementia with Lewy bodies in an inpatient psychogeriatric population in Hong Kong Chinese
Authors: Chan Sandra S. M. , Chiu Helen F. K. , Lam Linda C. W. , Leung Vivian P. Y. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractObjectiveTo find out the prevalence of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) in an inpatient psychogeriatric population in Hong Kong Chinese.MethodClinical notes of all dementia patients admitted to an inpatient psychogeriatric unit between 1 January and 31 December 2000 were reviewed to retrieve information on various subtypes of dementia that have been diagnosed prospectively using NINCDS‐ARDRA, NINDS‐AIREN, CDLB and DSM‐IV by qualified senior psychogeriatricians.ResultThere were only three cases of dementia with Lewy bodies out of 102 dementia inpatients, giving a prevalence rate of 2.9% over a two‐year period.ConclusionThe prevalence rate of dementia with Lewy bodies is remarkably lower than figures reported in western studies. Further evaluation using better sampling frame and better‐validated diagnostic gold standard is required. Ethnically related biological factors may be implicated to explain the preliminary low prevalence rate in Chinese population. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular cytogenetic analysis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: By comparative genomic hybridization, spectral karyotyping, and expression array analysis
Authors: Squire Jeremy A. , Bayani Jane , Luk Catherine , Unwin Lianne , Tokunaga Jason , MacMillan Christina , Irish Jonathan , Brown Dale , Gullane Patrick , Kamel‐Reid Suzanne 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBackgroundA combination of molecular cytogenetic and expression array analysis has been performed on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) of the oral cavity and supraglottis. These studies were performed to identify consensus regions of chromosomal imbalance and structural rearrangement to determine whether genes located in these genomic regions are subject to alterations in gene expression. Such combinatorial studies may help to identify recurrent patterns of altered gene expression in the context of specific chromosomal changes.MethodsComparative genomic hybridization (CGH) was used to identify net genomic imbalances and spectral karyotyping (SKY) to visualize the numerical and structural chromosomal changes in metaphase preparations. Expression microarray analysis of HNSCC cell lines and primary tongue tumors was also performed to identify genes that were commonly overexpressed or underexpressed compared with adjacent normal tissue.ResultsCGH detected gains at 3q (64%), 8q (45%) and 6q22‐qter (45%) and losses at 18q22‐qter (27%). SKY analysis of seven cell lines identified frequent structural rearrangement of the following chromosomal regions: 3q, 5p13–q11.2, 5q32–q34, 7p12–q11.2, 8p12–q12, 9p, 10p, 13p13–q12, 14q11.1–q11.2, 15p13–q11.2, 16p11.1–q11.1, 18q22–q23, and 22p13–q11.2. Consistent deregulation of interleukin 8, integrin alpha‐6, c‐MYC, epithelial discoidin domain receptor 1, and sterol regulatory element binding protein were apparent by expression analysis. Interestingly, some of these genes map to regions of genomic imbalance and chromosomal rearrangement as determined by our molecular cytogenetic analysis.ConclusionsIn this small study, a combinatorial analysis using SKY, CGH, and microarray provides a model linking the changes in gene expression to changes in chromosomal dosage and structure. This approach has identified a subset of genetic changes that provide new opportunities for investigating the genetic basis of tumorigenesis in HNSCC. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 24: 874–887, 2002
Reliable detection of p53 aberrations in squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck requires transcript analysis of the entire coding region
Authors: Hauser Ulrich , Balz Vera , Carey Thomas E. , Grénman Reidar , van Lierop Anke , Scheckenbach Kathrin , Bier Henning 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBackgroundAberrations of the p53 tumor suppressor gene are common events in squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (SCCHN). However, reported frequencies range considerably, and the predictive value of aberrant p53 is continuing to be an issue of controversy. These inconsistencies are possibly caused by methodical limitations.MethodsIn cell lines established from 23 SCCHN, we performed sequence analysis of p53 mRNA and genomic DNA, as well as protein detection using immunohistochemistry and Western blotting.ResultsOf the 23 SCCHN, 21 (91%) tumors have aberrant or no p53, including four aberrations (19%) located outside the usually examined exons 5 to 9. A second allele is present in 11, and the respective transcript in 4 tumors. Expression of protein could be detected in only 12 of the 21 p53 aberrant tumors (57%).ConclusionsDepending on the methodical approach applied, a considerable number of SCCHN may be misclassified regarding their p53 status. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 24: 868–873, 2002
Contextual factors in the success of reduced‐load work arrangements among managers and professionals
Authors: Lee Mary Dean , MacDermid Shelley M. , Williams Margaret L. , Buck Michelle L. , Leiba‐O'Sullivan Sharon 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to consider the role of contextual factors, particularly those related to HR
policies and practices, in the success of eighty‐two professionals and managers working on a
reduced‐load basis. Results revealed agreement among senior managers, coworkers, direct reports, and
reduced‐load managers and professionals themselves that the alternative work arrangements were successful.
The key factors seen as facilitating success included individual characteristics and behaviors as well as
contextual factors related to job content, work group, organizational culture, and human‐resource policies
and practices. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Distributive justice and organizational commitment revisited: moderation by layoff in the case of Korean employees
Authors: Chang Eunmi 
Published: October 2002

AbstractResearch supports the conclusion that organizational commitment is affected more by procedural justice than by distributive justice, and this is especially true in collectivistic societies. The present research examines the effects of distributive justice on organizational commitment levels of Korean employees under layoff situations. It focuses on the moderating effects of two layoff variables: layoff experience and layoff perception. Data were collected from HR managers from 14 companies and 411 employees. It was found that layoff perception significantly moderated the effect of distributive justice on organizational commitment, while there was no significant effect found in the case of layoff experience. Additional analyses show that employees perceive a high level of distributive justice even in the case of layoffs when training on the appraisal methods are provided. Implications of these findings are included in the discussion. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Neuropilin‐1 is differentially expressed in myoepithelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells in preneoplastic and neoplastic human breast: A possible marker for the progression of breast cancer
Authors: Stephenson John M. , Banerjee Snigdha , Saxena Neela K. , Cherian Rachel , Banerjee Sushanta K. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe expression and distribution of neuropilin‐1 (NRP‐1) was examined in the samples of normal human breast tissues and in non‐neoplastic and neoplastic areas of breast tissue removed for carcinoma using RT‐PCR as well as conventional and tissue microarrays immunohistochemical analyses. The NRP‐1 mRNA expression was significantly higher in neoplastic tissues as compared to normal breast samples. Immunohistochemically, the myoepithelial cells of the mammary ducts and lobules display positive reactions for NRP‐1, whereas the inner ductal and lobular epithelial cell layers failed to react. The myoepithelial cells of ducts and lobules in both neoplastic and non‐neoplastic tissue specimens displayed a stronger positive reaction for NRP‐1 than those in the normal breast. A positive reaction for NRP‐1, but with a gradual reduction in intensity, was observed in the myoepithelial cells of ducts with atypical epithelial hyperplasia and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). The reaction was undetected or minimally detected in the areas of invasive carcinoma. NRP‐1 positive immunolabeling was also localized in the vascular smooth muscle cells and in some endothelial cells of the blood vessels in normal, non‐neoplastic and neoplastic breast tissue samples. In areas of breast carcinoma, NRP‐1 immunolabeling was more prominent in both vascular smooth muscle cells and in some endothelial cells than in similar cells in normal breast. The specificity of the newly developed antibody for NRP‐1 was confirmed by in situ hybridization with DIG‐labeled PCR generated probe. These results suggest that NRP‐1 may be a multiple function protein in human breast and may be involved in the induction of local invasiveness of neoplasia and angiogenesis and have direct relevance to the progression of breast cancer. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adsorption/desorption phenomena on pure and Teflon® AF‐coated titania surfaces studied by dynamic contact angle analysis
Authors: Rupp F. , Axmann D. , Ziegler C. , Geis‐Gerstorfer J. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAs a result of inflammatory processes, plaque formation on dental titanium implants often leads to clinically pathogenic situations. This special biofilm formation on (bio)materials in contact with saliva is initiated by ionic and protein interactions. In this interfacial process, albumin becomes a main constituent of dental pellicle. Interfacial reactions change the surface characteristics. They determine the following steps of macromolecular adsorption and bacterial adhesion. This work focuses on the dynamic contact angle analysis (DCA), which is a tool for online measurements of dynamic changes of wettability without disturbing the interface during detection. Repeatability of the DCA method has been assessed according to the Bland and Altman method. The kinetics and equilibrium data of shifts in the wetting tension hysteresis indicate ionic influences at the titanium/bovine serum albumin (BSA) interface: the Ca‐mediated increase of the BSA adsorption on titanium and the adsorption maximum at the isoelectric point (IEP) of BSA. Ti was surface modified by Teflon® AF polymeric coatings. The result of the assessment gives reason to consider Teflon® AF as a reference material for DCA repeatability studies. This surface modification caused drastic changes in the dynamic interfacial reactions. Shifts in the wetting tensions during DCA adsorption‐desorption experiments clearly demonstrated the partially irreversible adsorption of BSA on Teflon® AF. In contrast, reversible adsorption behavior was detected on pure Ti surfaces. These findings strengthen the hypothesis that the analysis of dynamic changes in wetting tension and wetting tension hysteresis is a sensitive analytical method for the detection of dynamic interfacial changes at biomaterial/biosystem interfaces during the initial steps of biofilm formation. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 62: 567–578, 2002
Synthesis and characterization of hydroxyapatite crystals: A review study on the analytical methods
Authors: Koutsopoulos S. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractFor the synthesis of hydroxyapatite crystals from aqueous solutions three preparation methods were employed. From the experimental processes and the characterization of the crystals it was concluded that aging and precipitation kinetics are critical for the purity of the product and its crystallographic characteristics. The authentication details are presented along with the results from infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray powder diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, transmission and scanning electron photographs, and chemical analysis. Analytical data for several calcium phosphates were collected from the literature, extensively reviewed, and the results were grouped and presented in tables to provide comparison with the data obtained here. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 62: 600–612, 2002
Peripheral synapses and giant neurons in whip spiders
Authors: Foelix Rainer , Troyer David , Igelmund Peter 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAmong invertebrates the synapses between neurons are generally restricted to ganglia, i.e., to the central nervous system (CNS). As an exception, synapses occur in the sensory nerves of arachnid legs, indicating that some nervous integration is already taking place far out in the periphery. In the antenniform legs of whip spiders (Amblypygi), a very special synaptic circuit is present. These highly modified legs contain several large interneurons (giant neurons) that receive mechanosensory input from 700–1,500 tarsal bristles. Some of the sensory cell axons contact a giant neuron at its short, branched dendrite, a few at the soma, but most synapse onto the long giant axon. The fine structure of these synapses resembles that of typical chemical synapses in other arthropods. Although thousands of sensory fibers converge on a single giant neuron, there is no reduction in the actual number of sensory fibers, because these afferent fibers continue their course to the CNS after having made several en passant synapses onto the giant neuron. Touching a single tarsal bristle is sufficient to elicit action potentials in a giant neuron. Owing to the large diameter of the giant axon (10–20 μm), the action potentials reach the CNS within 55 ms, at conduction velocities of up to 7 m/s. However, mechanical stimulation of the tarsal bristles does not elicit a fast escape response, in contrast to giant fiber systems in earthworms, certain insects, and crayfishes. A quick escape is observed in whip spiders, but only after stimulation of the filiform hairs (trichobothria) on the regular walking legs. Although the giant fiber system in the antenniform legs undoubtedly provides a fast sensory pathway, its biological significance is not clearly understood at the moment. Microsc. Res. Tech. 58:272–282, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.