bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Health Care Delivery
Authors: Spear Joseph , Ehrenfeld Jesse M. , Miller Brian J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHealth care costs now comprise nearly one-fifth of the United States’ gross domestic product, with the last 25 years marked by rising administrative costs, a lack of labor productivity growth, and rising patient and physician dissatisfaction. Policy experts have responded with a series of reforms that have – ironically - increased patient and physician administrative burden with little meaningful effect on cost and quality. Artificial intelligence (AI), a topic of great consternation, can serve as the “wheat thresher” for health care delivery, empowering and freeing both patients and physicians by decreasing administrative burden and improving labor productivity. In this Viewpoint, we discuss three principal areas where AI poses an unprecedented opportunity to reduce cost, improve care, and markedly enhance the patient and physician experience: (1) automation of administrative process, (2) augmentation of clinical practice, and (3) automation of elements of clinical practice.
Sol-gel synthesis, characterization, and electrochemical evaluation of magnesium aluminate spinel nanoparticles for high-capacity hydrogen storage
Authors: Eslami Abbas , Lachini Salahaddin Abdollah , Shaterian Maryam , Karami Maryam , Enhessari Morteza 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this research, we successfully synthesized magnesium aluminate (MgAl2O4) spinel nanoparticles using a sol-gel process, with stearic acid serving as a capping agent. The synthesis process involved calcination at 900 °C for 4 h, resulting in the formation of nanoparticles with an average crystallite size of approximately 12 nm, as determined through Debye–Scherrer analysis and X-ray diffraction (XRD) data. The optical band gap was measured as 2.84 eV using Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (DRS) analysis. Additionally, we found the mean pore size of the nanoparticles to be 20.2 nm through Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis. We characterized the resulting powders using various techniques, including Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), and Vibrating Sample Magnetometry (VSM). We conducted electrochemical investigations utilizing the Chronopotentiometry (CP) technique. The electrochemical analysis demonstrated that MgAl2O4 spinel nanoparticles exhibit a noteworthy hydrogen storage capacity of 4000 mAh/g, highlighting their potential as promising candidates for hydrogen storage applications. This comprehensive study underscores the successful synthesis, thorough characterization, and exceptional electrochemical performance of MgAl2O4 spinel nanoparticles, firmly positioning them as valuable materials for advancing hydrogen storage technologies.
Graphical Abstract
Influence of exposure scenario on the sensitivity to caffeine
Authors: Santos Niedja , Oliveira Miguel , Domingues Inês 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe chorion acts as a protective barrier, restricting some chemical absorption into the embryo and the surrounding fluids. In this sense, larvae may only have direct contact with some chemicals after dechorionation. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of caffeine (CAF) (0, 13, 20, 44, 67, and 100 mg.L−1) under different exposure scenarios (embryos with chorion or embryos/larvae already hatched) and rank the stage sensitivity. Thus, three scenarios were investigated: from 2 to 120 hours post fertilization (hpf) (5 days of exposure- 5dE), from 72 to 120 hpf (2dE), and from 96 to 120 hpf (1dE). Heart rate (48 hpf) and energy reserves (120 hpf) were measured in the 5dE scenario, and behavior and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity were evaluated at 120 hpf in all scenarios (5dE, 2dE, and 1dE). At 120 hpf, some of the fish was transferred to clean medium for a 10 days depuration period (10dPE). Behavior and AChE activity were assessed after this period. In the 5dE scenario, CAF increased heartbeat (13, 20, and 30 mg.L−1) and reduced carbohydrates (67, and 100 mg.L−1), while inhibiting AChE activity (100 mg.L−1) in the 5dE, 2dE, and 1dE scenarios. CAF reduced the total distance moved in the 5dE (67, and 100 mg.L−1), 2dE (20, 30, 44, 67, and 100 mg.L−1), and 1dE fish (67, and 100 mg.L−1) and increased erratic movements. Based on the lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) for total distance moved (20 mg.L−1) and higher inhibition of AChE activity (100 mg.L−1) (65%), 2dE fish appear to be more sensitive to CAF. After 10dPE, a recovery in behavior was detected in all scenarios (5dE, 2dE, and 1dE). AChE activity remained inhibited in the 2dE scenario while increasing in the 1dE scenario. This study demonstrated that the presence of the chorion is an important factor for the analysis of CAF toxicity. After the loss of the chorion, organisms show greater sensitivity to CAF and can be used to evaluate the toxicity of various substances, including nanomaterials or chemicals with low capacity to cross the chorion. Therefore, the use of hatched embryos in toxicity tests is suggested, as they allow a shorter and less expensive exposure scenario that provides similar outcome as the conventional scenario.
Hedging goals
Authors: Krabichler Thomas , Wunsch Marcus 
Published: November 2023

AbstractGoal-based investing is concerned with reaching a monetary investment goal by a given finite deadline, which differs from mean-variance optimization in modern portfolio theory. In this article, we expand the close connection between goal-based investing and option hedging that was originally discovered in Browne (Adv Appl Probab 31(2):551–577, 1999) by allowing for varying degrees of investor risk aversion using lower partial moments of different orders. Moreover, we show that maximizing the probability of reaching the goal (quantile hedging, cf. Föllmer and Leukert in Finance Stoch 3:251–273, 1999) and minimizing the expected shortfall (efficient hedging, cf. Föllmer and Leukert in Finance Stoch 4:117–146, 2000) yield, in fact, the same optimal investment policy. We furthermore present an innovative and model-free approach to goal-based investing using methods of reinforcement learning. To the best of our knowledge, we offer the first algorithmic approach to goal-based investing that can find optimal solutions in the presence of transaction costs.
Zwischen Schönheitskorrektur und Paradigmenwechsel? – Versuch einer Einordnung der erfolgten Novelle des § 64 StGB und weiterer Reformansätze
Authors: Querengässer Jan , Baur Alexander 
Published: November 2023

ZusammenfassungIm Sommer 2023 wurde die seit Längerem angekündigte Reform des Sanktionenrechts verabschiedet, in der u. a. die Unterbringung in einer Entziehungsanstalt gem. § 64 StGB novelliert wurde. Dem vorangegangen war eine mehrjährige Diskussion auf fachlicher und politischer Ebene, wie den immer deutlicher zutage tretenden Problemen rund um die forensische Suchtbehandlung im Rahmen des Maßregelrechts begegnet werden könne. Hierzu veröffentlichten diverse Institutionen eigenständige und allesamt weitergehende Reformvorschläge. Der vorliegende Artikel stellt die nunmehr verabschiedete Novelle des § 64 StGB sowie diese anderen Ansätze vor und versucht, sie vor dem Hintergrund der Herausforderungen und Probleme rund um die forensische Suchtbehandlung einzuordnen. Unterm Strich wirkt die nunmehr verabschiedete Neuregelung zaghaft. Die zweifellos gute und notwendige Stärkung des Konnexitätserfordernisses zwischen Konsumproblematik und Delinquenz dürfte neben anderen Änderungen, die eher hinter den Erwartungen (und Erfordernissen) zurückblieben, kaum ins Gewicht fallen. Dies betrifft insbesondere das Festhalten am Hangbegriff und an der Behandlungserfolgsprognose. Demgegenüber bestünde bei Umsetzung der anderen „radikaleren“ Reformansätze die Gefahr, nicht nur die Probleme forensischer Suchtbehandlung gem. § 64 StGB zu lösen, sondern auch deren Stärken preiszugeben und neue Probleme zu schaffen. Anstelle von Schönheitskorrekturen bei der forensischen Suchtbehandlung einerseits und radikalen Paradigmenwechseln andererseits wäre eine grundsätzliche und in sich stimmige Neuaufstellung des Sanktionenrechts in seiner ganzen Breite wünschenswert.
Dye-sensitized solar cells based on critical raw material-free Fe–N–C counter electrodes
Authors: Sebastián David , Trocino Stefano , Lo Vecchio Carmelo , Serov Alexey , Atanassov Plamen , Baglio Vincenzo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) rely heavily on the counter electrode for their performance, which is responsible for collecting and transferring electrons generated at the photoanode. While platinum (Pt) has traditionally been used as a counter-electrode material, its cost, limited availability, and environmental concerns make it an unsuitable option for large-scale implementation. Iron–nitrogen––carbon (Fe–N–C) catalysts are receiving increasing attention due to their high catalytic activity and low cost. This study aims to investigate the performance of Fe–N–C materials as counter electrodes in DSSCs and assess their potential as a sustainable alternative to currently used platinum. Two different Fe–N–C-based materials have been synthesized using different carbon and nitrogen sources, and their electrochemical behavior has been assessed using current–voltage curves and impedance spectroscopy. The catalyst comprised a higher amount of iron and nitrogen shows higher efficiency and lower charge-transfer resistance due to improved iodide reaction kinetics and proper stability under potential cycling. However, this catalyst shows lower stability under a passive ageing procedure, which requires further clarification. Results provide new insights into the performance of Fe–N–C-based materials in DSSCs and aid in the further development of this promising technology.
An Electrochemical Perspective of Aqueous Zinc Metal Anode
Authors: Yan Huibo , Li Songmei , Zhong Jinyan , Li Bin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBased on the attributes of nonflammability, environmental benignity, and cost-effectiveness of aqueous electrolytes, as well as the favorable compatibility of zinc metal with them, aqueous zinc ions batteries (AZIBs) become the leading energy storage candidate to meet the requirements of safety and low cost. Yet, aqueous electrolytes, acting as a double-edged sword, also play a negative role by directly or indirectly causing various parasitic reactions at the zinc anode side. These reactions include hydrogen evolution reaction, passivation, and dendrites, resulting in poor Coulombic efficiency and short lifespan of AZIBs. A comprehensive review of aqueous electrolytes chemistry, zinc chemistry, mechanism and chemistry of parasitic reactions, and their relationship is lacking. Moreover, the understanding of strategies for suppressing parasitic reactions from an electrochemical perspective is not profound enough. In this review, firstly, the chemistry of electrolytes, zinc anodes, and parasitic reactions and their relationship in AZIBs are deeply disclosed. Subsequently, the strategies for suppressing parasitic reactions from the perspective of enhancing the inherent thermodynamic stability of electrolytes and anodes, and lowering the dynamics of parasitic reactions at Zn/electrolyte interfaces are reviewed. Lastly, the perspectives on the future development direction of aqueous electrolytes, zinc anodes, and Zn/electrolyte interfaces are presented.
In Situ Deposition of Drug and Gene Nanoparticles on a Patterned Supramolecular Hydrogel to Construct a Directionally Osteochondral Plug
Authors: Kang Jiawei , Li Yaping , Qin Yating , Huang Zhongming , Wu Yifan , Sun Long , Wang Cong , Wang Wei , Feng Gang , Qi Yiying 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe integrated repair of bone and cartilage boasts advantages for osteochondral restoration such as a long-term repair effect and less deterioration compared to repairing cartilage alone. Constructing multifactorial, spatially oriented scaffolds to stimulate osteochondral regeneration, has immense significance. Herein, targeted drugs, namely kartogenin@polydopamine (KGN@PDA) nanoparticles for cartilage repair and miRNA@calcium phosphate (miRNA@CaP) NPs for bone regeneration, were in situ deposited on a patterned supramolecular-assembled 2-ureido-4 [lH]-pyrimidinone (UPy) modified gelation hydrogel film, facilitated by the dynamic and responsive coordination and complexation of metal ions and their ligands. This hydrogel film can be rolled into a cylindrical plug, mimicking the Haversian canal structure of natural bone. The resultant hydrogel demonstrates stable mechanical properties, a self-healing ability, a high capability for reactive oxygen species capture, and controlled release of KGN and miR-26a. In vitro, KGN@PDA and miRNA@CaP promote chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells via the JNK/RUNX1 and GSK-3β/β-catenin pathways, respectively. In vivo, the osteochondral plug exhibits optimal subchondral bone and cartilage regeneration, evidenced by a significant increase in glycosaminoglycan and collagen accumulation in specific zones, along with the successful integration of neocartilage with subchondral bone. This biomaterial delivery approach represents a significant toward improved osteochondral repair.
Highly Thermoconductive, Strong Graphene-Based Composite Films by Eliminating Nanosheets Wrinkles
Authors: Xiao Guang , Li Hao , Yu Zhizhou , Niu Haoting , Yao Yagang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractGraphene-based thermally conductive composites have been proposed as effective thermal management materials for cooling high-power electronic devices. However, when flexible graphene nanosheets are assembled into macroscopic thermally conductive composites, capillary forces induce shrinkage of graphene nanosheets to form wrinkles during solution-based spontaneous drying, which greatly reduces the thermal conductivity of the composites. Herein, graphene nanosheets/aramid nanofiber (GNS/ANF) composite films with high thermal conductivity were prepared by in-plane stretching of GNS/ANF composite hydrogel networks with hydrogen bonds and π–π interactions. The in-plane mechanical stretching eliminates graphene nanosheets wrinkles by suppressing inward shrinkage due to capillary forces during drying and achieves a high in-plane orientation of graphene nanosheets, thereby creating a fast in-plane heat transfer channel. The composite films (GNS/ANF-60 wt%) with eliminated graphene nanosheets wrinkles showed a significant increase in thermal conductivity (146 W m−1 K−1) and tensile strength (207 MPa). The combination of these excellent properties enables the GNS/ANF composite films to be effectively used for cooling flexible LED chips and smartphones, showing promising applications in the thermal management of high-power electronic devices.
Design of a Novel Exoskeleton with Passive Magnetic Spring Self-locking and Spine Lateral Balancing
Authors: Rodríguez-León Jhon F. , Chaparro-Rico Betsy D. M. , Cafolla Daniele , Lago Francesco , Castillo-Castañeda Eduardo , Carbone Giuseppe 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis paper proposes a new upper-limb exoskeleton to reduce worker physical strain. The proposed design is based on a novel PRRRP (P-Prismatic; R-Revolute) kinematic chain with 5 passive Degrees of Freedom (DoF). Utilizing a magnetic spring, the proposed mechanism includes a specially designed locking mechanism that maintains any desired task posture. The proposed exoskeleton incorporates a balancing mechanism to alleviate discomfort and spinal torsional effects also helping in limb weight relief. This paper reports specific models and simulations to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed design. An experimental characterization is performed to validate the performance of the mechanism in terms of forces and physical strain during a specific application consisting of ceiling-surface drilling tasks. The obtained results preliminarily validate the engineering feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed exoskeleton in the intended operation task thereby requiring the user to exert significantly less force than when not wearing it.
Flow alterations due a constructed reservoir in the Menik Ganga basin, Sri Lanka
Authors: Hemakumara Sajana Pramudith , Gunathilake Miyuru B. , Rathnayake Upaka 
Published: November 2023

AbstractNatural water flows and their ecosystems are altered due to manmade hydraulic structures like dams. However, limited research on hydrologic alteration has been carried out in developing countries. This research explores the hydrologic alterations which occurred in the Menik Ganga basin, Sri Lanka due to the Weheragala reservoir constructed in 2009 for inter basin transfer. The hydrologic variations of the flow regime due to the construction of the reservoir was analyzed using Indicators of Hydrologic Alterations (IHA). For this purpose, we compared the calculated IHAs for streamflow at the Kataragama station (located downstream of Weheragala) during pre-construction (1990–2009) and post construction (2010–2019) periods. Also, the IHAs of simulated flows from the Water Evaluation And Planning (WEAP) model during 2010–2019 was compared with observed gauge discharge during the same period. The monthly observed flows in the “Maha” rainfall season (September to March) demonstrated a decreasing trend in post dam period with respect to pre dam period (highest decrease of 77 m3/s during October), whilst it showed an increasing trend (highest increase of 5 m3/s during August) in the Yala season (May to August) in the post-reservoir construction scenario. This was further visualized by comparing the indicators of the simulated flows with observed for post reservoir period, in which highest percentage differences occurred in June (− 4000% in 2016) and November (− 300% in 2010) for Yala and Maha periods respectively. Large alterations of the river flow due to the impoundment depicted by higher percentage differences. These alterations are extensively examined by other indicators as well. The fluctuations of flows have been decreased due to the construction of the reservoir which resulted in reductions of low and high pulses. The results are highly appealing to the authorities who are in water resources management to reach sustainable goals.
A tug-of-war to control plant emission of an airborne alarm signal
Authors: Hao Jie , Ma Junfei , Shi Hua , Wang Ying 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAphids represent a major threat to crops. Hundreds of different viruses are aphid-borne. Upon aphid attack, plants release volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as airborne alarm signals to turn on the airborne defense (AD) of neighboring plants, thereby repelling aphids as well as reducing aphid fitness and virus transmission. This phenomenon provides a critical community-wide plant protection to fend off aphids, but the underlying molecular basis remains undetermined for a long time. In a recent article, Gong et al. established the NAC2-SAMT1 module as the core component regulating the emission of methyl-salicylate (MeSA), a major component of VOCs in aphid-attacked plants. Furthermore, they showed that SABP2 protein is critical for the perception of volatile MeSA signal by converting MeSA to Salicylic Acid (SA), which is the cue to elicit AD against aphids at the community level. Moreover, they showed that multiple viruses use a conserved glycine residue in the ATP-dependent helicase domain in viral proteins to shuttle NAC2 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm for degradation, leading to the attenuation of MeSA emission and AD. These findings illuminate the functional roles of key regulators in the complex MeSA-mediated airborne defense process and a counter-defense mechanism used by viruses, which has profound significance in advancing the knowledge of plant-pathogen interactions as well as providing potential targets for gene editing-based crop breeding.
Energy analysis of the integration of HRV and direct evaporative cooling for energy efficiency in buildings: a case study in Iraq
Authors: Al-Naseri Husham , Fryer Robert , Samir Ali 
Published: November 2023

AbstractResponding to climate change and adapting to global warming requires creative solutions. In Iraq, the most reliable and popular tool to have buildings cooled is airconditioning units (AC). While an evaporative cooler is not enough to achieve thermal comfort in a very hot climate, AC units consume a lot of energy which causes a significant load on the grid in Iraq resulting in increasing the emissions of CO2. This paper investigates the potential energy-saving associated with adopting a new arrangement of heat recovery ventilation (HRV) unit and evaporative cooler to achieve thermal comfort with far less energy. Two sets of efficiencies of both HRV and the evaporative cooler have been considered, and two different envelope performances are also investigated. To properly size the proposed system, an iterative process has been used until the smallest size of the proposed system enough to cool the building is determined. The proposed system has achieved considerable energy savings comprising a reduction of up to 66% in the cooling load energy consumption and a reduction of up to 44% in the overall energy consumption.
Infinite critical boson non-Fermi liquid on heterostructure interfaces
Authors: Zhang Xiao-Tian , Chen Gang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe study the emergence of non-Fermi liquid on heterostructure interfaces where there exists an infinite number of critical boson modes accounting for the magnetic fluctuations in two spatial dimensions. The interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction naturally arises in magnetic interactions due to the absence of inversion symmetry, resulting in a degenerate contour for the low-energy bosonic modes in the momentum space which simultaneously becomes critical near the magnetic phase transition. The itinerant electrons are scattered by the critical boson contour via the Yukawa coupling. When the boson contour is much smaller than the Fermi surface, it is shown that, there exists a regime with a dynamic critical exponent ${z=3}$
z
=
3
while the boson contour still controls the low-energy magnetic fluctuations. Using a self-consistent renormalization calculation for this regime, we uncover a prominent non-Fermi liquid behavior in the resistivity with a characteristic temperature scaling power. These findings open up new avenues for understanding boson-fermion interactions and the novel fermionic quantum criticality.