bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of multimorbidity in patients with heart failure across the left ventricular ejection fraction spectrum: Data from the Swedish Heart Failure Registry
Authors: Tomasoni Daniela , Vitale Cristiana , Guidetti Federica , Benson Lina , Braunschweig Frieder , Dahlström Ulf , Melin Michael , Rosano Giuseppe M.C. , Lund Lars H. , Metra Marco , Savarese Gianluigi 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACTAimsThe aim of this analysis was to provide data on the overall comorbidity burden, both cardiovascular (CV) and non‐CV, in a large real‐world heart failure (HF) population across the ejection fraction (EF).Methods and resultsPatients with HF from the Swedish HF Registry between 2000 and 2021 were included. Of 91 463 patients (median age 76 years [interquartile range 67–82]), 98% had at least one among the 17 explored comorbidities (94% at least one CV and 85% at least one non‐CV comorbidity). All comorbidities, except for coronary artery disease (CAD), were more frequent in HF with preserved EF (HFpEF). Patients with multiple comorbidities were older, more likely female, inpatients, with HFpEF, worse New York Heart Association class and higher N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide levels. In a multivariable Cox model, 12 comorbidities were independently associated with a higher risk of death from any cause. The highest risk was associated with dementia (hazard ratio [HR] 1.55, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.45–1.65), chronic kidney disease (HR 1.37, 95% CI 1.34–1.41), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (HR 1.32, 95% CI 1.28–1.35). Obesity was associated with a lower risk of all‐cause death (HR 0.81, 95% CI 0.79–0.84). CAD and valvular heart disease were associated with a higher risk of all‐cause and CV mortality, but not non‐CV mortality, whereas cancer and musculo‐skeletal disease increased the risk of non‐CV mortality. A significant interaction with EF was observed for several comorbidities. Occurrence of CV and non‐CV outcomes was related to the number of CV and non‐CV comorbidities, respectively.ConclusionThe burden of both CV and non‐CV comorbidities was high in HF regardless of EF, but overall higher in HFpEF. Multimorbidity was associated with a high risk of death with a different burden on CV or non‐CV outcomes.
Synthesis of 13–16‐Membered Cyclotetrapeptide Mimics by Ugi Reactions with Diacids and Diisonitriles
Authors: Fuse Yurika , Ookubo Sou , Yoshimura Tomoyuki , Matsuo Jun‐ichi 
Published: December 2023

Abstract13–16‐Membered cyclic tetraamides were synthesized by Ugi reactions using diisonitriles and dicarboxylic acids in 2,2,2‐trifluoroethanol without (pseudo) high dilution conditions. Structures of these cyclic tetraamides were investigated by NMR and X‐ray crystallography.
Human behaviors driving disease emergence
Authors: Friant Sagan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractInteractions between humans, animals, and the environment facilitate zoonotic spillover—the transmission of pathogens from animals to humans. Narratives that cast modern humans as exogenous and disruptive forces that encroach upon “natural” disease systems limit our understanding of human drivers of disease. This review leverages theory from evolutionary anthropology that situates humans as functional components of disease ecologies, to argue that human adaptive strategies to resource acquisition shape predictable patterns of high‐risk human–animal interactions, (2) humans construct ecological processes that facilitate spillover, and (3) contemporary patterns of epidemiological risk are emergent properties of interactions between human foraging ecology and niche construction. In turn, disease ecology serves as an important vehicle to link what some cast as opposing bodies of theory in human ecology. Disease control measures should consider human drivers of disease as rational, adaptive, and dynamic and capitalize on our capacity to influence ecological processes to mitigate risk.
Insight into uniform filming of LiF‐rich interphase via synergistic adsorption for high‐performance lithium metal anode
Authors: He Yufang , Wang Li , Wang Aiping , Zhang Bo , Pham Hiep , Park Jonghyun , He Xiangming 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMulti‐scale simulation is an important basis for constructing digital batteries to improve battery design and application. LiF‐rich solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is experimentally proven to be crucial for the electrochemical performance of lithium metal batteries. However, the LiF‐rich SEI is sensitive to various electrolyte formulas and the fundamental mechanism is still unclear. Herein, the structure and formation mechanism of LiF‐rich SEI in different electrolyte formulas have been reviewed. On this basis, it further discussed the possible filming mechanism of LiF‐rich SEI determined by the initial adsorption of the electrolyte‐derived species on the lithium metal anode (LMA). It proposed that individual LiF species follow the Volmer–Weber mode of film growth due to its poor wettability on LMA. Whereas, the synergistic adsorption of additive‐derived species with LiF promotes the Frank‐Vander Merwe mode of film growth, resulting in uniform LiF deposition on the LMA surface. This perspective provides new insight into the correlation between high LiF content, wettability of LiF, and highperformance of uniform LiF‐rich SEI. It disclosed the importance of additive assistant synergistic adsorption on the uniform growth of LiF‐rich SEI, contributing to the reasonable design of electrolyte formulas and high‐performance LMA, and enlightening the way for multi‐scale simulation of SEI.
Effect of Allium spices (garlic and onion) on the bioaccessibility of iron from Moringa oleifera leaves
Authors: Mawouma Saliou , Doudou Walko Florence , Mbyeya Jude , Hamidou Yaya Souaibou , Awoudamkine Emmanuel , Funtong Carl Moses Mbofung 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of garlic and onion, two Allium spices rich in sulfur compounds, on the bioaccessibility of iron from Moringa oleifera leaves. We first quantified anti‐nutritional factors in various cooked mixtures of Moringa oleifera leaves and spices, with increasing level of incorporation of garlic or onion. We then assessed the iron bioaccessibility of the various mixtures using a simulated in vitro digestion method. Finally, we studied the speciation of bioaccessible iron. Total phenols contents ranging from 801.44 to 903.07 and from 869.78 to 990.72 mg/100 g of dry matter in garlic and onion mixtures, respectively, increased (p < .05) with the level of incorporation of spices. Phytates contents followed the same tendency with values ranging from 1.84 to 2.12 and from 1.75 to 2.02 mg/100 g of dry matter in garlic and onion mixtures, respectively. Although the presence of garlic and onion significantly reduced (p < .05) the total iron content of the mixtures (11.56–11.96 mg/100 g of dry matter), we noticed that bioaccessible iron was significantly higher (p < .05) in spiced mixtures (36.35%–48.40%) compared to the control (23.28%), with the greatest amount found in the mixture containing 10 g of onion. The predominant specie of bioaccessible iron was organic iron, whose amounts in the spiced mixtures (0.59–0.69 mg/L) were all significantly higher (p < .05) than in the control (0.32 mg/L). Globally, the presence of spices produced no significant variation (p > .05) in amounts of ferrous iron, the major inorganic specie of bioaccessible iron. The use of garlic and onion as ingredients could help improving the iron status of populations consuming iron‐rich leafy vegetables.
Analytical analysis of cylindrical cavity expansion considering particle breakage effect of sand and its application for cone penetration tests
Authors: Wang Changhong , Tang Daofei , Wang Kun , Hu Baolin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe particle breakage effect in sand exerts a significant influence on the design of underground space structure. However, the existing theories seldom consider the breakage effect and often lack accurate descriptions of void ratio changes, leading to substantial errors in the numerical calculations compared to the actual scenario. This study employs the simple critical state sand model (SIMSAND) to account for the particle breakage effect and transforms the drained cylindrical cavity expansion problem into a set of first‐order ordinary differential equations described by the Lagrangian method. The analytical solution of the cylindrical cavity expansion problem is calculated using Matlab programming codes. Firstly, Fontainebleau sand is investigated to analyse the influence of initial stress, void ratio and specific volume around the cavity. The combined effects of initial stress and particle breakage on the soil around the cavities result in dilatancy characteristics and a reduction in void ratio. The stress path analysis reveals that the soil around the cavities only reaches a critical state under high initial stresses. Secondly, a plane strain numerical model is established for twice expansion to verify the calculation outcomes from the cylindrical cavity expansion theory. Finally, an axisymmetric cone penetration test (CPT) model is developed to analyse the theoretical and numerical solutions for expansion stress and sleeve friction. The research results indicate that the CPT in sand need to consider the particle breakage effect, especially under high stress conditions. Without considering particle breakage, the sleeve friction is overestimated. These research findings can offer guidance for geotechnical engineering applications, such as CPT, pressuremeter tests and predictions of bearing capacity for pile foundations in sand.
Shared Problems
Authors: Kaebnick Gregory E. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSeveral pieces in the November‐December 2023 issue of the Hastings Center Report contribute to developing an expansive vision of bioethics. In the lead article, Sean Valles calls on the field to work against the problem of mass incarceration in the United States not only by addressing “what happens to people once they are inside prisons” but also with respect to the “ripple effects” the system has on health and well‐being in surrounding communities. Commentaries by Homer Venters and Jennifer Elyse James underscore and extend Valles's recommendations. In an essay, Jalayne Arias and colleagues propose a research agenda to shape a better response to the care needs of older incarcerated people. And in two other essays, Lawrence Gostin and colleagues call for strengthening the International Health Regulations, which are legally binding on World Health Organization member states, and Andrew Schroeder argues that a nation's public health policy should be responsive to the public's values as deliberated upon by the public itself.
Forgotten and without Protections: Older Adults in Prison Settings
Authors: Arias Jalayne J. , Morgado Lillian , Prost Stephanie Grace 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe number of older adults incarcerated in prisons is growing significantly, and there is a great need for legal authority, processes, and resources to mitigate individual and social burdens of elder neglect and abuse within these settings. Older adults in prison may be particularly vulnerable to abuse, neglect, or exploitation. They are dependent on the carceral system for basic resources, are at risk for retaliatory actions for reporting mistreatment, and bear disproportionately high health burdens. This essay first considers standards and resources for mitigating elder mistreatment in the community and residential‐care settings in contrast to the available resources in prisons. Arguing that a conceptual model of elder abuse tailored to the prison population is needed, the essay proposes a research agenda through which such a model could be developed. The model could then be used in the creation of policy for detecting and mitigating elder mistreatment of incarcerated people. The essay concludes with a call to action to address the rift in legal protections and processes that leave older adults in prison at increased risk of abuse and neglect without a clear pathway for recourse.
Clinician Moral Distress: Toward an Ethics of Agent‐Regret
Authors: Kim Daniel T. , Shelton Wayne , Applewhite Megan K. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMoral distress names a widely discussed and concerning clinician experience. Yet the precise nature of the distress and the appropriate practical response to it remain unclear. Clinicians speak of their moral distress in terms of guilt, regret, anger, or other distressing emotions, and they often invoke them interchangeably. But these emotions are distinct, and they are not all equally fitting in the same circumstances. This indicates a problematic ambiguity in the moral distress concept that obscures its distinctiveness, its relevant circumstances, and how individual clinicians and the medical community should practically respond to it. We argue that, in a range of situations that are said to be morally distressing, the characteristic emotion can be well‐understood in terms of what Bernard Williams calls “agent‐regret.” We show what can thereby be gained in terms of a less ambiguous concept and a more adequate ethical response to this distinctive and complex clinician experience.
Feminist Bioethics: Moving Forward in Coalition
Authors: Gary Mercer 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe Routledge Handbook of Feminist Bioethics, edited by Wendy A. Rogers et al., presents a thorough, contemporary understanding of feminist bioethics, linking feminist efforts to other critical approaches in the field of bioethics. A more demanding standard for feminist scholarship is set by engaging gender at its intersections with race, class, sexuality, and ability––intersections that require bioethicists to attend to issues like incarceration and transmisogynistic violence that are less frequently tackled in the field. Editors and contributors alike in this volume show that long‐standing feminist conceptual interventions, especially those regarding the significance of relationality and epistemic marginalization, provide key tools for a coalition of critical approaches to bioethics.
Effects of water quality on fish parasite biodiversity and physiological responses in the host fish Clarias gariepinus from a eutrophic lake subjected to acid mine drainage in South Africa
Authors: Latief Lutfiyya , Gilbert Beric M. , Avenant-Oldewage Annemariè 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Elevated concentrations of contaminants have negative impacts on aquatic organisms and their parasites. Changes in parasite infections have been proposed as a technique for monitoring the health of aquatic ecosystems. Furthermore, alterations in physiological responses (biomarkers) of organisms have also been used to delineate ecosystem quality. Lake Heritage is situated along the Crocodile River in Muldersdrift, Gauteng, South Africa, and is subject to contamination by acid mine drainage. Clarias gariepinus is a well-studied bioindicator species and host to numerous endoparasites and ectoparasites. The aims of this study were to delineate the health status of Lake Heritage through a multifaceted approach by comparing the water quality, biomarker responses, and parasite biodiversity of C. gariepinus, compared to unexposed laboratory-reared fish. Physical and chemical water quality parameters were determined using a hand-held probe, test kits, and element analysis with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Biomarker responses in the gill, liver, and muscle tissues from C. gariepinus were assessed for total protein, metallothioneins, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and reduced glutathione (GSH) concentrations and activities of acetylcholinesterase and catalase. Results for water quality variables showed higher pH, nitrate, hardness, and copper levels compared with the South African Target Water Quality Guidelines. Catalase activity and concentrations of SOD and reduced GSH showed a response in C. gariepinus to the water quality. Ectoparasites had lower prevalence and mean intensity than endoparasites. However, there were no differences in the physiological responses between infected and uninfected hosts. The study shows that the eutrophic conditions in Lake Heritage cause biomarker responses in the host when compared to host fish in laboratory conditions. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:1539–1553. © 2023 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
Key Points
The water quality in this river is impacted by acid mine drainage (AMD), sporadic treatment of AMD, point-source pollution, and runoff. Inhibition of acetylcholine esterase activity in Clarias gariepinus implies that organophosphate and carbamates are also entering the system, and the lake is eutrophic. Ectoparasite infection intensity, number, and diversity are reduced, while endoparasite numbers and diversity are higher. Water quality has a greater impact on the physiological response of the host, compared to the effect caused by the endoparasites or ectoparasites.
Enhancing explainability in brain tumor detection: A novel DeepEBTDNet model with LIME on MRI images
Authors: Ullah Naeem , Hassan Muhammad , Khan Javed Ali , Anwar Muhammad Shahid , Aurangzeb Khursheed 
Published: December 2023

AbstractEarly detection of brain tumors is vital for improving patient survival rates, yet the manual analysis of the extensive 3D MRI images can be error‐prone and time‐consuming. This study introduces the Deep Explainable Brain Tumor Deep Network (DeepEBTDNet), a novel deep learning model for binary classification of brain MRIs as tumorous or normal. Employing sub‐image dualistic histogram equalization (DSIHE) for enhanced image quality, DeepEBTDNet utilizes 12 convolutional layers with leaky ReLU (LReLU) activation for feature extraction, followed by a fully connected classification layer. Transparency and interpretability are emphasized through the application of the Local Interpretable Model‐Agnostic Explanations (LIME) method to explain model predictions. Results demonstrate DeepEBTDNet's efficacy in brain tumor detection, even across datasets, achieving a validation accuracy of 98.96% and testing accuracy of 94.0%. This study underscores the importance of explainable AI in healthcare, facilitating precise diagnoses and transparent decision‐making for early brain tumor identification and improved patient outcomes.
Shape phenotype of thigh fat and muscle and risk of major adverse cardiovascular events after fragility hip fracture
Authors: Lee Sheen‐Woo , Kim Seung‐Chan , Yi Jeong‐Eun 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundAlthough sarcopenia has been recognized as a predictor of mortality in elderly patients with hip fracture, the association of thigh fat and muscle with cardiovascular (CV) outcome remains unclear. We examined the impact of computed tomography (CT)‐derived shape features of thigh fat and muscle on major adverse CV events (MACE) in elderly patients with hip fracture.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of consecutive patients aged ≥65 years who presented with hip fracture confirmed on pelvic bone CT scan and underwent hip fracture surgery at our institution from April 2019 to December 2021. The cross‐sectional area (CSA) and compactness (CM) of both the muscle and fat at the upper‐thigh level were calculated from two‐dimensional CT images using AVIEW Research (v1.1.38, Coreline Soft, Co. Ltd, Seoul, South Korea). The shape features of thigh fat and muscle were categorized into four groups based on the combination of CSA and CM: fat CSA (fat area [FA])/fat CM (FCM), muscle CSA (muscle area [MA])/muscle CM (MCM), FA/MCM and MA/FCM. In each of them, subjects were categorized into four subgroups: high CSA/high CM, high CSA/low CM, low CSA/high CM and low CSA/low CM. The primary outcome was MACE after 30 days of surgery, defined as a composite of all‐cause death, acute myocardial infarction, stroke or hospitalization for heart failure.ResultsOf 356 patients enrolled (median age, 82 years; 76.7% females), 72 (20.2%) had MACE over a median follow‐up of 13.1 months (ranges 5.9–21.0 months). Patients with MACE had a significantly lower median FA (193.7 vs. 226.2 cm2, P < 0.0001) and FCM (0.443 vs. 0.513, P = 0.001) compared with those without MACE, but no significant differences were found in MA, MCM and FA–MA ratio between the two groups. In a multivariate Cox regression analysis, low FA (<240.1 cm2) (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 2.99, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.39–6.44, P = 0.005) and low FCM (<0.477) (adjusted HR 2.00, 95% CI 1.10–3.63, P = 0.023) were associated with an increased risk of MACE. Among the shape phenotypes of thigh fat and muscle, the thigh fat phenotype of low FA/low FCM (adjusted HR 3.13, 95% CI 1.81–5.42, P < 0.0001 [reference, high FA/high FCM]) was found to be an independent predictor of MACE.ConclusionsIn elderly patients with fragility hip fracture, thigh CT‐derived measures of FA and FCM may provide useful prognostic information for predicting adverse CV outcomes.
Morphological changes and viability of Streptococcus mutans biofilm treated with erythrosine: A confocal laser scanning microscopy analysis
Authors: Paschoal Marco Aurélio Benini , Gonçalves Letícia Machado , Cavalcante Salma Ivanna Araújo , Andrade‐Maia Gabriele , Duarte Simone 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAntimicrobial photodynamic therapy (a‐PDT) is a modality that aims to induce microorganisms through visible light, a photosensitizer, and molecular oxygen. This therapy has shown promising results in controlling cariogenic biofilm in vitro and in vivo counterparts. This study investigated bacterial viability and morphological characterization of Streptococcus mutans mature biofilms after combination of erythrosine and a high potency dental curing light. Biofilms were formed on saliva‐coated hydroxyapatite disks in batch culture. The samples were performed in triplicates. Fresh medium was replaced daily for five days and treated using 40 μM of E activated by HL 288 J/cm2 and total dose of 226 J at 1200 mW/cm2. Phosphate buffer saline and 0.12% of chlorhexidine were used as negative and positive control, respectively. After treatment, biofilms were assessed for microbial viability and morphological characterization by means of bio‐volume and thickness. COMSTAT software was used for image analysis. Data were analyzed using two‐way ANOVA followed by Tukey test with significance level 5%. The application of a‐PDT and CHX treatments decreased S. mutans bacterial viability. The image analysis showed more red cells on biofilms when compared to other groups, demonstrating photobacterial killing. Erythrosine irradiated with a high potency curing light can potentially act as an antimicrobial tool in the treatment of cariogenic biofilms. The morphology and viability of microorganisms were impacted after treatment. Treatment with photodynamic therapy may be able to reduce the bio‐volume and viability of bacteria present in biofilms.Clinical Relevance and Research HighlightsThe use of the a‐PDT technique has been applied in dentistry with satisfactory results. Some applications of this technique are in stomatology and endodontics. In the present study, we sought to understand the use of photodynamic therapy in the control of biofilm and the results found are compatible with the objective of microbiological control proposed by this technique, thus raising the alert for future studies in vivo using the combination of a‐PDT with erythrosine, since they are easily accessible materials for the dental surgeon and can be applied in clinical practice.