bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
UK Medical Cannabis Registry: An analysis of clinical outcomes of medicinal cannabis therapy for attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Ittiphakorn Pim , Erridge Simon , Holvey Carl , Coomber Ross , Rucker James J. , Sodergren Mikael H. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAimThis study aims to analyze the health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) and safety outcomes in attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) patients treated with cannabis‐based medicinal products (CBMPs).MethodsPatients were identified from the UK Medical Cannabis Registry. Primary outcomes were changes in the following patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months from baseline: EQ‐5D‐5L index value, generalized anxiety disorder‐7 (GAD‐7) questionnaire, and the single‐item sleep quality score (SQS). Secondary outcomes assessed the incidence of adverse events. Statistical significance was defined as p < 0.050.ResultsSixty‐eight patients met the inclusion criteria. Significant improvements were identified in general HRQoL assessed by EQ‐5D‐5L index value at 1, 3, and 6 months (p < 0.050). Improvements were also identified in GAD‐7 and SQS scores at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months (p < 0.010). 61 (89.71%) adverse events were recorded by 11 (16.18%) participants, of which most were moderate (n = 26, 38.24%).ConclusionAn association between CBMP treatment and improvements in anxiety, sleep quality, and general HRQoL was observed in patients with ADHD. Treatment was well tolerated at 12 months. Results must be interpreted with caution as a causative effect cannot be proven. These results, however, do provide additional support for future evaluation within randomized controlled trials.
Preparation of silver‐coated thermally expandable microspheres and their application in antistatic polyacrylate foam materials
Authors: Wang Guoliang , Ma Janxin , Zhang Chen , Ma Yuhong , Wang Hui , Zou Wei 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn order to prevent electrostatic discharge from affecting the normal operation of organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) displays, this study has devised a novel method to produce antistatic polyacrylate foam materials. First, the surface of thermally expandable microspheres (EMs) was functionalized using hydroxylamine, followed by chemical silver coating on the microsphere surfaces to create a highly conductive silver layer, and achieved ester‐based functionalization of silver‐coated EMs. Subsequently, they were introduced into polyacrylate foam, where the silver layer on the microsphere's surface was used to construct an electrostatic discharge pathway, endowing the foam material with excellent antistatic properties. SEM and EDS were employed to confirm the formation of uniform and dense silver layers on microsphere surfaces. The optimal amount of silver nitrate has been determined. Through SEM observations of foam materials' cross‐sections, it was determined that ester‐based functionalization enhanced the dispersion of silver‐coated EMs, facilitating the formation of uniform foam pores. The volume resistivity of silver‐coated EMs was measured at 1.38 Ω·cm. The surface resistivity of the modified polyacrylate foam decreased by seven orders of magnitude to 1.2 × 105 Ω, demonstrating excellent antistatic performance. This holds significant importance for the development of novel foams with antistatic performance.
Experimental and simulative investigation on the mechanical behavior of GFRP T‐joints subjected to low‐velocity‐impact and post‐impact tensile loading
Authors: Jin Xin , Zhang Jifeng , Li Mingjie , Wu Ye 
Published: December 2023

AbstractTo investigate the failure mechanism of the composite T‐joints subjected to low‐velocity‐impact (LVI) loading varying impact locations, a methodology composed of improved conventional vacuum‐assisted resin infusion (VARI) and LVI testing based on ASTM D 7136 is developed and employed. Moreover, the simulation is conducted to mainly reveal the damage evolution of interlaminar delamination between web and web/skin laminate based on surface‐based cohesive behavior in the commercial software of Abaqus 2020. Further, the effect of LVI loading with various distances from the web laminate to the impact location on the mechanical property and failure mode of the composite T‐joints are presented and discussed as well. By comparison, larger vertical cracks and higher residual tensile strength are found in the T‐joints impacting the corner. However, the T‐joints with the impact point near the corner have lower residual tensile strength and suffer more interlaminar delamination in the interface between web and skin, which is the most critical position of failure.Highlights
GFRP T‐joints are manufactured by the vacuum‐assisted resin infusion process with a newly designed mold.
The damage evolution in low‐velocity‐impact tests is presented via the quasi‐static tests and finite element simulation.
Larger vertical cracks and higher residual tensile strength are found in the T‐joints impacting the corner.
The T‐joints with the impact point near the corner have lower residual tensile strength.
Interlaminar delamination in the interface between web and skin is the most critical factor of tensile failure.
High‐strength unidirectional cellulose long filament‐reinforced polymer composite for structural engineering applications
Authors: Agumba Dickens O. , Pham Duc Hoa , Kim Jaehwan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractGreen polymer composites that are strong and stiff are desirable across various engineering fields to replace synthetic plastics, hence meeting the requirements for net zero demands. Nanocellulose, a natural and abundant biopolymer, is a promising candidate for the engineering and designing of novel composites with strengths surpassing petroleum‐based derivatives. In this work, we demonstrate the fabrication of a high‐strength, environmentally friendly and hydrophobic biocomposite using a lignin‐based resin and wet‐spun unidirectional cellulose long filaments (CLFs) as reinforcements. The wet‐spun CLFs were knit in the conformation of unidirectional mats and infused with the green hydrogen‐bonded lignin resin to form the prepreg. The unidirectional prepreg was densified using hot pressing whereby the synergistic effect of heat and pressure and the post‐curing process impacted the biocomposite with unique, fascinating features, including excellent flexural strength (389.9 MPa), modulus (38.5 GPa), hydrophobicity (101.0°), antioxidant properties (93.1%), and superior thermal stability. Our design strategy dispenses new insights into engineering lightweight and strong cellulosic materials that can substitute unsustainable plastics used across various engineering fields. Future aspects of this biocomposite include structural and automotive engineering.HighlightsAll‐green and sustainable unidirectional polymer biocomposite is fabricated.The biocomposite achieves higher strength and modulus than that of plastics.It has outstanding thermal stability, hydrophobicity, and antioxidant properties.The biocomposite is suitable for the replacement of synthetic plastics.
Gender differential in choices of crop variety traits and climate‐smart cropping systems: Insights from sorghum and millet farmers in drought‐prone areas of Malawi
Authors: Zimba Sibongile , Dougill Andrew , Chanza Charity , Boesch Christine , Kepinski Stefan 
Published: December 2023

Societal Impact StatementThere has been limited research regarding the roles of gender and social networks in climate adaptation in African agriculture. The study examines how gender and climate risk awareness influence sorghum and pearl millet farmers' varietal trait and cropping system choices in Malawi. The findings reveal gender disparities in choices of crop variety characteristics. For male farmers, decisions on variety traits are primarily guided by quantity and economic benefits, while women focus on post‐harvest quality and grain handling attributes. This work provides insights for developing gender‐responsive crop varieties and climate‐smart cropping practices tailored to societal needs and relations.Summary

Climate‐resilient crop varieties and cropping systems are required to manage climate variability and to adapt to the increasing climate risks across Africa. Integrating gender perspectives on cropping technologies will assist in accelerating crop adaptation programs. Here, we focus on understanding gender‐differentiated trait preferences and decision‐making on cropping practices of sorghum and pearl millet producers in southern Malawi.
The study employs a convergent mixed research methods design in which both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, analyzed, and interpreted.
Our analysis reveals clear gender differences and preferences in crop traits and cropping systems. Male farmers prefer traits based on economic gains, notably yield and grain size. Female farmers target characteristics based on both agronomic and post‐harvest grain characteristics to ensure the sustainability of household food intake. We also identify gender inequalities in decision‐making regarding crop production practices and preferential access to knowledge in favor of male farmers.
We show that gender norms and climate risk knowledge influence farmers' decision‐making in selecting crop traits and practices, as well as accessibility to resources. Gendered inequality in decision‐making goes beyond cropping practices to socially constructed rules of resource accessibility and restricted mobility. We conclude that efforts to improve crop adaptation and resilience to climate change in vulnerable dryland regions must pay greater attention to the processes and relations between gender and climate change knowledge bases.
Effect of thermal conditioning on the initiation threshold of secondary high‐explosives
Authors: Maiti Amitesh , Shaw William L. , Clarke Samantha M. , Fox Christie , Ke Lucia A. , Cheung William N. , Burton Mark A. , Kosiba Graham D. , Grant Christian D. , Gee Richard H. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWhile most performance metrics of high‐explosive (HE) based devices like detonation velocity, detonation pressure, and energy output are expected to degrade over time, the evolution of initiation threshold appears less clear, with claims of both increasing and decreasing trends in threshold having been made in the literature. This work analyzes D‐optimally designed sequential binary test data for a few thermally conditioned porous‐powder and polymer‐bonded HE initiator systems using a Bayesian likelihood method employing the probit regression model. We find that in most cases the initiation threshold decreases (i. e., sensitivity increases) upon accelerated thermal conditioning. However, such results are nuanced and influenced by factors like the contact area of initiating stimulus, HE characteristics like density and specific surface area, as well as possible thermally induced changes to other materials and interfaces involved.
KMT2D preferentially binds mRNAs of the genes it regulates, suggesting a role in RNA processing
Authors: Amin Harem Muhamad , Abukhairan Rawan , Szabo Beata , Jacksi Mevan , Varady Gyorgy , Lozsa Rita , Schad Eva , Tantos Agnes 
Published: December 2023

AbstractHistone lysine methyltransferases (HKMTs) perform vital roles in cellular life by controlling gene expression programs through the posttranslational modification of histone tails. Since many of them are intimately involved in the development of different diseases, including several cancers, understanding the molecular mechanisms that control their target recognition and activity is vital for the treatment and prevention of such conditions. RNA binding has been shown to be an important regulatory factor in the function of several HKMTs, such as the yeast Set1 and the human Ezh2. Moreover, many HKMTs are capable of RNA binding in the absence of a canonical RNA binding domain. Here, we explored the RNA binding capacity of KMT2D, one of the major H3K4 monomethyl transferases in enhancers, using RNA immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing. We identified a broad range of coding and non‐coding RNAs associated with KMT2D and confirmed their binding through RNA immunoprecipitation and quantitative PCR. We also showed that a separated RNA binding region within KMT2D is capable of binding a similar RNA pool, but differences in the binding specificity indicate the existence of other regulatory elements in the sequence of KMT2D. Analysis of the bound mRNAs revealed that KMT2D preferentially binds co‐transcriptionally to the mRNAs of the genes under its control, while also interacting with super enhancer‐ and splicing‐related non‐coding RNAs. These observations, together with the nuclear colocalization of KMT2D with differentially phosphorylated forms of RNA Polymerase II suggest a so far unexplored role of KMT2D in the RNA processing of the nascent transcripts.
Comparison of structural networks across homologous proteins
Authors: Prabantu Vasam Manjveekar , Gadiyaram Vasundhara , Vishveshwara Saraswathi , Srinivasan Narayanaswamy 
Published: December 2023

AbstractProtein sequence determines its structure and function. The indirect relationship between protein function and structure lies deep‐rooted in the structural topology that has evolved into performing optimal function. The evolution of structure and its interconnectivity has been conventionally studied by comparing the root means square deviation between protein structures at the backbone level. Two factors that are necessary for the quantitative comparison of non‐covalent interactions are (a) explicit inclusion of the coordinates of side‐chain atoms and (b) consideration of multiple structures from the conformational landscape to account for structural variability. We have recently addressed these fundamental issues by investigating the alteration of inter‐residue interactions across an ensemble of protein structure networks through a graph spectral approach. In this study, we have developed a rigorous method to compare the structure networks of homologous proteins, with a wide range of sequence identity percentages. A range of dissimilarity measures that show the extent of change in the network across homologous structures are generated, which also includes the comparison of the protein structure variability. We discuss in detail, scenarios where the variation of structure is not accompanied by loss or gain of the overall network and its vice versa. The sequence‐based phylogeny among the homologs is also compared with the lineage obtained from information from such a robust structure comparison. In summary, we can obtain a quantitative comparison score for the structure networks of homologous proteins, which also enables us to study the evolution of protein function based on the variation of their topologies.
Co‐created in vivo pharmacology practical classes using the novel organism Lumbriculus variegatus
Authors: Carriere Julanta J. , Davies Nia A. , Cunningham Margaret R. , Wallace Melisa J. , Seeley Aidan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCo‐creation within higher education emphasizes learner empowerment to promote collaboration between the students and staff, enabling students to become active participants in their learning process and the construction of resources with academic staff. Concurrently, a diminishing number of higher education institutions offer in vivo practical classes, resulting in an in vivo skills shortage. To address this, and to actively engage students in their own learning, we describe the co‐creation of a student‐led drug trial using Lumbriculus variegatus. Under blinded conditions, final‐year undergraduate biomedical science students, under the tutelage of academic staff and fellow students, were involved in the co‐creation of an in vivo practical class to determine the effects of histamine and histamine receptor inverse agonists mepyramine and loratadine. Throughout this process, undergraduate‐ and masters‐level students played key roles in every aspect of practical delivery and data analysis. Herein, students demonstrated the test compounds, both in isolation and in combination, resulted in reduced stereotypical movements of L. variegatus (p < .05, n ≥ 6). 15% of students in the class responded to a feedback survey (n = 8) after the class. Students reported the class provided “real life” insights into in vivo research and enabled the development of hands‐on skills which would be useful in applying in their future careers. All students reported that they enjoyed the class with 25% (n = 2) reporting concerns about animal use in research, enabling useful discussions about animals in research. Moreover, these student‐led in vivo trials add to the pharmacological knowledge of L. variegatus promoting education‐led research.
Impact of no‐till, crop rotation, cover crop, and drainage on soil physical and hydraulic properties
Authors: Saha Ajoy Kumar , McMaine John T. , Trooien Todd , Sexton Peter , Graham Christopher 
Published: December 2023

AbstractConservation agriculture and associated soil health practices potentially enhance soil resilience by improving the soil's physical, chemical, and biological properties and processes. This study assessed the impact of tillage (conventional tillage [CT] and no‐till [NT]); crop rotation: 2‐year corn (Zea mays L.)–soybean (Glycine max L.), 3‐year corn–soybean–oat (Avena sativa L.), and 4‐year corn–soybean–oat–wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)]; cover crops (cover crop [CC] and no cover crop [NC]); and drainage (tile drainage [TD] and without drainage [ND]) on soil organic matter (SOM), bulk density, wet aggregate stability (WAS), and field‐saturated hydraulic conductivity (Kfs). Soil samples were collected over 2 years apart from five depths (0–10, 10–20, 20–30, 30–60, and 60–90 cm) and analyzed for SOM, bulk density, and WAS. In‐situ infiltration tests were conducted in each plot to determine field‐saturated hydraulic conductivity. This study showed that NT practice significantly increased SOM by 5.4%, WAS by 7.7%, and bulk density by 6.7% within 0–10 cm soil profile but decreased Kfs by 47.6% compared to CT through increased bulk density in the topsoil. NT increased SOM for every soil depth and, similarly, increased WAS for every depth but only statistically significant increases occurred at 0–10 cm and 60–90 cm. Further, higher crop diversity decreased bulk density and increased WAS. Nine years of CC and six years of tile drainage practices had no significant effect on SOM, bulk density, WAS, and Kfs.
Long‐term compost use and high frequency low concentration fertigation reduce N2O emissions from a California almond orchard
Authors: Nichols Patrick K. , Smart David R. , Abu‐Najm Majdi , Brown Patrick , Harter Thomas , Steenwerth Kerri L. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractUsing compost as an agricultural amendment offers a means to reduce organic waste, as mandated in the US state of California (SB 1383). Compost can improve soil physical characteristics and soil carbon content by increasing soil organic matter. We examined the effect of compost application (7‐year duration) on soil nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, inorganic nitrogen (N) pools, soil temperature and water content, bulk density, and total carbon (C) and N content. The orchard was composed of Nonpareil cultivars interplanted with Aldrich and Carmel cultivars, all grafted on Nemaguard peach rootstock [Prunus persica (L.) Bratsch]. Its soil was Oakdale sandy loam (coarse‐loamy, mixed, active, thermic Mollic Haploxeralf). Delivering nutrients through the irrigation system, the orchard was fertigated 14 times with urea ammonium nitrate or calcium ammonium nitrate, using high frequency and low concentration (HFLC) fertigation applications (total 195 kg N ha−1). Soil without compost (No Compost) tended to have higher N2O fluxes (up to 2.75‐fold) than soil with compost (Compost). Cumulative measured N2O emissions (i.e., sum of nine sampling events) from Compost were half that from No Compost. Soil pH, electrical conductivity, total C, and N tended to be greater in Compost, and bulk density tended to be lower in Compost than No Compost. No relationships between N2O emissions and soil temperature, volumetric water content, water‐filled pore space, and inorganic N pools occurred in either treatment. Our findings indicate that long‐term applications of compost in perennial crops, in combination with an HFLC nutrient management program, could reduce losses of N as N2O to the atmosphere.
Hollow Core–Shell Bismuth Based Al‐Doped Silica Materials for Powerful Co‐Sequestration of Radioactive I2 and CH3I
Authors: Tian Zhenjiang , Hao Yuxun , Chee Tien‐Shee , Cai He , Zhu Lin , Duan Tao , Xiao Chengliang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDeveloping pure inorganic materials capable of efficiently co‐removing radioactive I2 and CH3I has always been a major challenge. Bismuth‐based materials (BBMs) have garnered considerable attention due to their impressive I2 sorption capacity at high‐temperature and cost‐effectiveness. However, solely relying on bismuth components falls short in effectively removing CH3I and has not been systematically studied. Herein, a series of hollow mesoporous core–shell bifunctional materials with adjustable shell thickness and Si/Al ratio by using silica‐coated Bi2O3 as a hard template and through simple alkaline‐etching and CTAB‐assisted surface coassembly methods (Bi@Al/SiO2) is successfully synthesized. By meticulously controlling the thickness of the shell layer and precisely tuning of the Si/Al ratio composition, the synthesis of BBMs capable of co‐removing radioactive I2 and CH3I for the first time, demonstrating remarkable sorption capacities of 533.1 and 421.5 mg g−1, respectively is achieved. Both experimental and theoretical calculations indicate that the incorporation of acid sites within the shell layer is a key factor in achieving effective CH3I sorption. This innovative structural design of sorbent enables exceptional co‐removal capabilities for both I2 and CH3I. Furthermore, the core–shell structure enhances the retention of captured iodine within the sorbents, which may further prevent potential leakage.
Building Organic–Inorganic Robust Interphases from Deep Eutectic Solution for Highly Stable Mg Metal Anode in Conventional Electrolyte
Authors: Zhou Xuejun , Li Guyue , Yu Yifan , Lei Meng , Chen Keyi , Li Chilin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMagnesium metal batteries (MMBs) currently face challenges suffering from severe Mg metal passivation and extremely high overpotential in conventional electrolytes. Herein, a strategy of using a low‐cost deep eutectic solution (DES) is proposed to modify Mg anode with the monolithic and compact coating of a MgCl2‐Al‐MgCl2 sandwich structure, enabling the stable and reversible Mg plating–stripping behavior. An organic/nanocrystal hybrid interphase is in‐situ built through a facile Mg‐Al displacement reaction between aluminum‐chloro clusters and Mg in AlCl3/Et3NHCl solution, and it can effectively minimize the adverse interfacial passivation reaction and surface diffusion barrier, affording the high ion‐conduction and electronic insulation. This DES‐assisted method guarantees a highly reversible cycling of Mg metal anode (over 5000 h at 0.1 mA cm−2 and 400 h at 2.0 mAh cm−2) in Mg(TFSI)2/DME electrolyte with the improved interfacial kinetics and low overpotential. Even at a much higher current density of 1 mA cm−2, the overpotential only undergoes a slight increase from 0.2 V (at 0.1 mA cm−2) to 0.23 V. The corresponding full cells with CuS and phenanthraquinone cathodes deliver satisfactory cyclic performance. The DES modification strategy provides a new solution to the design of robust and conductive solid electrolyte interphase for achieving high‐voltage and durable MMBs.