bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of lifestyle interventions for glycemic control among adults with Type 2 Diabetes in West Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol
Authors: Peprah Ellen , Abdul-Basit Abdul-Samed , Appiah Tony Danso , Mirzoev Tolib , Antwi Edward , Jahan Yasmine , Balabanova Dina , Agyepong Irene 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background: Lifestyle interventions are key to the control of diabetes and the prevention of complications, especially when used with pharmacological interventions. This protocol aims to review the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions in relation to nutrition and physical activity within the West African region. This systematic review and meta analysis seeks to understand which interventions for lifestyle modification are implemented for the control of diabetes in West Africa at the individual and community level; what evidence is available on their effectiveness in improving glycaemic control; and why these interventions were effective.
Methods:We will review randomised control trials and quasi-randomised control trials on physical activity and nutrition interventions within adult populations from all 16 West-African countries. Language will be restricted to English and French as these are the most widely spoken languages in the region. No other filters will be applied. Searching will involve 4 electronic databases - Pubmed, Scopus, and Africa Journals Online and Cairn.info using natural-language phrases plus reference/citation checking.
Two reviewers will independently screen results according to titles and abstracts against the inclusion and exclusion criteria to identify eligible studies. Upon full text review, all selected studies will be assessed using Cochrane’s Collaboration tool for assessing the risk of bias of a study and the data will be extracted. Evidence will be synthesised narratively and statistically where appropriate. We will conduct a meta-analysis when the interventions and contexts are similar enough for pooling and compare the treatment effects of the interventions in rural to urban settings and short term to long term wherever possible.
Discussion: We anticipate finding a number of studies missed by previous reviews and providing evidence of the effectiveness of different nutrition and physical activity interventions within the context of West Africa. This knowledge will support practitioners and policymakers in the design of interventions that are fit for context and purpose within the West African region.
Registration: This systematic review has been registered in the International Prospective Register for Systematic Reviews - PROSPERO, with registration number CRD42023435116. All amendments to this protocol during the process of the review will be explained accordingly.
The moderating role of gender in the impact of intolerance of uncertainty on earthquake fear
Authors: TORPUS KEMAL , USTA Galip , ÖZBAY Sevil ÇINAR , KANBAY Yalçın 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This study aimed to examine the moderating role of gender in the impact of intolerance of uncertainty on earthquake fear. The population of the study consisted of people from different age groups (n=555). In terms of gender distribution, 71.2% of the sample consisted of female individuals, while the mean age was calculated as 41.1 ± 4.4 (Min = 18; Max = 79). Personal Information Form, Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale, and Fear of Earthquake Scale were employed as data collection tools. The data of the study were examined using SPSS 26 and AMOS 23 package software. The moderation analysis was conducted using the "Process Macro" developed by Hayes. Regression analysis based on the bootstrap method was performed to determine the moderation role of the "gender" factor on the effect of intolerance of uncertainty on the fear of earthquakes. According to the findings, as the level of intolerance of uncertainty increases, the fear of earthquakes also increases. In addition, gender was found to be effective in the fear of earthquakes. Females exhibit higher levels of earthquake fear compared to males. In addition, this effect of gender plays a moderating role in the effect of intolerance of uncertainty on fear of earthquakes. Fear of earthquakes increases at low, medium, and high levels of intolerance of uncertainty, but this increase is higher in females than in males.
Antimicrobial Activity of Cefepime-Tazobactam Combination against Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase and/or AmpC Beta-Lactamase- Producing Gram-negative Bacilli
Authors: Elawady Basma Ahmed , Mahmoud Noha Refaat , Badawi Hala El-Sayed , Badr Azza Essam Eldin , Gohar Noha Mahmoud 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
The problem of resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics, which is caused by ESBL and AmpC β-lactamases, is getting worse globally. Infections caused by bacterial isolates harboring these enzymes are difficult to treat with carbapenems being the sole effective treatment option for such infections. The objective of this study was to assess the sensitivity of the cefepime-tazobactam combination against ESBL- and/or AmpC-producing Gram-negative bacilli.
Methods
This is an observational cross-sectional study carried out on 100 Gram-negative bacilli. ESBL production was screened by using the disc diffusion test followed by confirmation by the combined disc confirmatory test, the screening for AmpC production was conducted using the cefoxitin disc test, which was subsequently confirmed by the AmpC disc test. Isolates confirmed positive for ESBL and/ or AmpC production were investigated for their susceptibility to antibiotics.
Results
Among 100 Gram-negative bacilli, 44 isolates were confirmed as ESBL producers by the combined disc confirmatory test out of 56 isolates that tested positive for ESBL production through the disc diffusion test. The presence of AmpC production was assessed using the cefoxitin disc test, 32 isolates were screened to be AmpC producers, and the AmpC disc test confirmed AmpC production in 9 isolates of them. Using the Mast® D68C set, 32 isolates were ESBL producers, 3 were AmpC producers, and 4 isolates were ESBL/AmpC co-producers. The highest sensitivity was to cefepime-tazobactam (91.48%) followed by the carbapenems.
Conclusion
Cefepime-tazobactam showed remarkable activity against ESBL and/or AmpC-producing Gram-negative bacilli and may be considered as a therapeutic alternative to carbapenems.
Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of symptomatic neurosyphilis in people with HIV compared with uninfected individuals
Authors: de Almeida Sérgio Monteiro , Neto José Tresoldi , Rocha Amanda , Medeiros Ana , Gonçalves Debora , Guimarães Fausto 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We evaluated the diagnostic clinical performance characteristics (DCPC) of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) total protein (TP), white blood cell count (WBC), and lactate (LA) with different cutoff points as adjunct biomarkers of confirmed or presumptive symptomatic neurosyphilis (NS) and the impact of HIV infection. From 5,640 participants who underwent lumbar punctures, 236 participants were included, and classified as either people with HIV (PWH) or people without HIV (PWoH) according to the CDC criteria for confirmed NS (n=42), presumptive NS (n=74), systemic syphilis (SS) (n=38), serological diagnosis of syphilis (n=18), PWH without SS and NS (n=10), and negative control (n=72). In PWoH, for presumptive NS, the combination of CSF TP >45 mg/dL and/or WBC >5.0 cells/mm3 is valuable for screening, whereas in PWH, it is not recommended for either screening or case-finding NS. In PWoH, the value of CSF TP >45 mg/dL is adequate for both screening and confirmation of presumptive NS, subject to prevalence. For WBC count >20 cell/mm3, the positive predictive value (PPV) of the test is almost perfect, suggesting a confirmatory test. In PWH, CSF TP is an inadequate marker of NS. The WBC count, with cutoffs of >10 or >20 cells/mm3, was moderately applicable for screening. As conclusions: CSF WBC count and TP showed distinct DCPC in confirmed or presumptive NS, being better in the former. However, these biomarkers could be included for presumptive NS diagnosis. Additionally, the DCPC of these biomarkers for the diagnosis of NS is greatly affected by HIV co-infection.
A Metaheuristic-based Scheme for Allocation and Sizing of Fast Charging Stations
Authors: Guler Nivine 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The widespread adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) hinges significantly on effective network management, particularly the allocation and sizing of fast-charging stations (FCS) for EV users. The problem is framed as a multi-objective network management model that incorporates metrics such as EV user satisfaction with respect to fast charger station access time and waiting time, enhancing voltage stability, enhancing FCS profits, improving technical performance of the network grid, and minimizing carbon dioxide emissions. Applying queuing theory based on M/M/c, the model seeks to identify the most effective number of chargers to minimize waiting time for electric vehicle users and ensure optimal utilization of the Fast Charging Station (FCS). The problem is formulated as a multi-optimization problem where finding the optimal solution is done by implementing the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm. Simulation results indicate that the model successfully enhances EV user satisfaction, FCS profits, environmental impact, and overall FCS utilization. In a comparative analysis with state-of-the-art models, the proposed approach demonstrates a notable 40% improvement in EV user satisfaction and a significant 45% enhancement in FCS utilization. This underscores the effectiveness of the proposed model in addressing key challenges and optimizing the performance of the EV charging network.
A mathematical modeling to determine the evolutionaryrelationships between Bat and Human corona virus
Authors: Borah Manash Jyoti , Panda Sumati Kumari , Bhattacharjee Swarupa , Hazarika Bipan , Khan Ilyas , Niazai Shafiullah 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In this article, we present novel correlation coefficients for measuringthe relationship between two fuzzy sets. Here also present mathematical models todetermine the evolutionary relationships between SARS-CoV & SARS-CoV-2 andfive other commonly known corona viruses in human which includes MERS-CoV,HCoV-OC43, HCoV-229E, HCoV-NL63 and HCoV-HKU1 and two bat coronaviruses (RsSHC014 and RaTG13) with special emphasis on their correlation
Quality Aspects Of Wheat Produced And Consumed In Albania
Authors: Mato Lorena , Damani Zamir , Topi Dritan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background: Wheat and its processed flour-based items have been one of the main dietary choices among Albanians. The nutritional significance of wheat lies in its function as a vital provider of microelements and its adaptability for transformation into many processed goods, such as bread, pasta, and pastry. Wheat quality indicators have taken more focus in global markets, both in safety and security aspecits. Using near-infrared spectroscopy, the study has examined the wheat quality produced in the country by observing physicochemical parameters -protein, gluten, starch, moisture, and sedimentation index.
Results: A total of seventy-five samples were collected from various districts from the harvesting season of 2022 directly to the field or silo. The protein content ranged from 9.6% to 15.0%, with an average of 12.7%. The gluten content ranged from 19.4% to 37.5%, with an average of 27.5%. The starch content exhibited a range of 66.3% to 71.5%, with an average value of 68.9%. The sedimentation index was quantified within the range of 21.1–57.8 cm3, with a mean value of 37.6 cm3. Ultimately, the moisture content ranged from 9.8% to 12.5%, which means that none of the wheat samples surpassed the maximum threshold of 14.5% as mandated by national and European Union food laws.
Conclusions: The crop quality indicators produced in Albania fulfilled the quality standards according to EU Food regulations and national food law. Data produced by Near Infrared spectroscopy applications to grain quality control give perspective to include analysis of other indicators such as mycotoxins’ contamination.
The Tannin acyl hydrolase from Bacterium Enterobacter hormaechei Z8b-60: Purification and Biochemical Characterization
Authors: Narayanaswamy Sharadamma , Rangappa Nagesh Babu 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The tannase enzyme was produced by the bacterial strain Enterobacter hormaechei Z8B-60 isolated from the slaughterhouse waste soil. Maximum tannase has been produced under ideal circumstances in a selective medium made of MSM-tannic acid as a sole carbon source. Ion exchange chromatography was used to partially purify the tannase using DEAE-cellulose. With a yield of 37.39% and a total purification of 21.23fold, purified tannase exhibited a specific activity of 24.864 U/mg. The enzyme that had been largely purified displayed an optimal pH of 6.5 and a temperature range of 50oC. The enzyme was stable up to 60oC and was most stable at a pH of 6.5. The purified enzyme displayed Km and Vmax values for methyl gallate of 9.268928mM and 0.667646U/mL and for propyl gallate of 6.818419mM and 0.180015U/mL, respectively. Ten mmol/L concentrations of Zn2+ and Co2+ were shown to stabilize tannase activity, whereas Mn2+, Fe2+ and Cu2+ inhibit tannase activity.
Clinical recognition of a potentially full stomach and use of point-of-care gastric ultrasound (POCUS) by anesthesiologists: a Belgian survey
Authors: Maseri Adrien , Delhez Quentin , Dincq Anne-Sophie , Lacrosse Dominique 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background:
Pulmonary aspiration syndrome remains a noteworthy complication of general anesthesia, particularly in unfasted patients. Ensuring a high degree of certainty regarding gastric emptiness is strongly associated with a reduction in the likelihood of pulmonary aspiration. Gastric point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) allows both qualitative and quantitative assessment of gastric contents.
Methods:
The survey, created and approved by two certified anesthesiologists trained to perform gastric POCUS, was distributed to Belgian certified anesthesiologists and trainees between April 2020 and June 2021. Participants were provided with a simulated clinical case of a patient at risk for gastric aspiration according to his medical history. The objective of this study was to assess the identification of clinical high-risk situations for gastric aspiration, the importance of the gastric POCUS criteria, the importance of understanding the technical and practical features of the procedure, and the potential impact of the procedure on the induction plan for general anesthesia. The survey utilized conditional branching to ensure unbiased responses to POCUS-related questions. The questionnaire included multiple-choice questions, quantitative variables, and 5-point Likert scales. Daniel's formula, corrected for a finite population, was used to calculate the margin of error.
Results:
The survey was completed by 323 anesthesiologists. Among them, only 20.8% (27) identified the risk of a full stomach based on the patient's history. Anesthesiologists who recognized the indication for gastric POCUS and were trained in the procedure demonstrated good recall of the practical conditions for performing the procedure and interpreting the results. Only 13.08% (31) of all respondents had received training in gastric POCUS, while 72.57% (172) expressed interest in future training. Additionally, 80.17% (190) of the participants had access to adequate ultrasound equipment, and 78.90% (187) endorsed teaching gastric POCUS to anesthesiology trainees.
Conclusions:
This survey provides insight into the epidemiology, clinical recognition, knowledge, and utilization of gastric POCUS among Belgian anesthesia professionals. The results highlight the importance of appropriate equipment and training to ensure the safe and effective implementation of gastric POCUS in anesthesia practice. Additional efforts should focus on enhancing training and encouraging the integration of gastric POCUS into daily clinical practice.
Multiple Rockfall Impacts on a Sand CushionComposed of Non-Spherical ParticlesUsing Three-Dimensional DEM
Authors: Zhou Yangli , Fu Haiying , Zhou Mingzhe , Zhao Yanyan , Wang Zhihao 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Rockfall disasters are one of the primary geological hazards on Earth, and a rock shed with a sand cushion plays a crucial role in rockfall protection. Previous studies have mainly focused on the dynamic response of rockfall on the sand cushion for a single impact. However, in actual rockfall disasters, it is common for the sand cushions of rock sheds to suffer multiple rockfall impacts. This study utilized a three-dimensional discrete element method to investigate the dynamic response of rockfall on the sand cushion for multiple impacts from different heights. For the first time, non-spherical particles were used to simulate the sand particles composing the sand cushion, and comparative analysis confirmed that non-spherical particles better replicate the characteristics of the sand cushion compared to spherical particles. Subsequently, in-depth investigations were conducted on two scenarios: multiple rockfall impacts at the same position and multiple rockfall impacts at different positions, and specifically analyzed the impact force and penetration depth. The results indicated that when the rockfall impacts multiple times at the same position, both the maximum impact force and the maximum penetration depth increase with the number of impacts. When the rockfall impacts multiple times simultaneously at different positions, they have no mutual influence when the distance between the two rockfall impacts is greater than 6R. This study demonstrates the significance of studying multiple rockfall impacts, providing valuable insights for the rational design of rock sheds for rockfall protection and performance evaluations in the face of multiple rockfall disasters.
Assessing the Effect of Integrated Health Interventions on Maternal and Neonatal Health Outcomes in an aspirational district of Uttar Pradesh: A mixed method study
Authors: Yadav Surbhi , Ahmad Shamshad , Lohani Pallavi , Kumar Mahendra , Gahlot Anju 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Introduction: India has made significant progress in maternal and neonatal health, yet challenges persist. This study examines Shrawasti, a Uttar Pradesh district, to understand strategies for enhancing maternal and neonatal health. It particularly focuses on birth asphyxia and postpartum haemorrhage due to oxytocin misuse.
Objective: To compare pre- and post-intervention maternal and newborn complications in Shrawasti and identify factors decreasing postpartum haemorrhage, newborn deaths, stillbirths, and birth asphyxia. The study aims to elucidate effective interventions for improving maternal and neonatal health.
Methodology: A retrospective observational study collected data from labour rooms and the Special Newborn Care Unit in Shrawasti. In-depth interviews with healthcare workers provided qualitative insights. Interventions were implemented based on initial findings and evaluated through systematic data organization and assessment. Results: Post-intervention, there was a significant reduction in stillbirths, asphyxia, and postpartum haemorrhage. Asphyxia decreased from 74.5% to 33.2%, stillbirths from 28.5% to 12.5%, and postpartum haemorrhage from 53.8% to 26%. Qualitative analysis highlighted improved healthcare practices, training effectiveness, staff behaviour shifts, and enhanced patient awareness. Documentation and monitoring practices also improved significantly.
Conclusion: Interventions significantly transformed maternal and neonatal healthcare in Shrawasti. Enhanced awareness, revised practices in oxytocin administration, effective training, and improved documentation were pivotal in reducing adverse outcomes. Addressing challenges through targeted interventions is crucial for better healthcare outcomes.
Ask and You Shall Receive: Taxonomy of AI Prompts for Medical Education
Authors: Olla Phillip , Elliot Lauren , Abumeeiz Mustapha , Pardalis Elaina 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This manuscript meticulously explores the approach for interacting with Artificial Intelligence (AI) Large Language Models (LLMs) to elicit optimal outputs. The generation of high-caliber prompts serves as a pivotal element in achieving the sought-after outcomes from these computational models. The discourse herein delineates various categories of prompts, substantiated with exemplars within each domain of application under investigation. This manuscript highlights the categories of prompts related to the particular utility of each application domain, especially accentuating their relevance to educational stakeholders such as students and educators in medical education. The Application of Learning Domains (ALDs) proposed within this article, endeavor to demarcate areas that may find the most utility from AI LLMs, facilitating knowledge dissemination, practice and training, simulated personas, and augmented interactivity across a spectrum of users in the educational milieu and beyond.
Anti-inflammatory Effects of Nanoparticles Containing Alpha-Humulene in a Model of Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Wendler Sabrina Aparecida , Nunes Jéssica Roberta , Dranski Lais Fernanda , Mainardes Rubiana Mara , Machado Christiane Schineider , Bini Ana Carolina Dorigoni , Schiewe João Alfredo , Miranda Livia Hoyer Garcia , Kerppers Ivo Ilvan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that causes impairment in activities of daily living. Although there is no consensus on the pathophysiology, it is known that neuroinflammation is associated with the condition.
Objective:To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of nanoparticles containing alpha-humulene (HUM) in an experimental model of AD.
Methodology: 33 animals were part of the sample, 3 of which were in the negative control group. The other 30 received the amyloid-beta peptide in the CA1 hippocampal region for the neuroinflammation process. They rested for 30 days for the inflammatory process to occur. The HUM group was treated with α-humulene particles, the NHUM with α-humulene nanoparticles for 15 days, and the CP group wasn’t treated.
Results:There was a significant difference in IFNconcentration between CP and CN (p=0.0001), HUM and CN (p=0.0003), CP and NHUM (p=0.0006), and HUM and NHUM (p=0.0495) groups. TNF showed no difference between groups. IL-6 showed difference between CP and NHUM (p=0.0078) and CP and CN (p=0.0009). IL-12 showed difference between the CP and CN (p=0.0001) and NHUM and CN (p=0.0160). Among all, the highest concentration was in the CP group. Concerning IL-10, there was a difference between the CP and NHUM (p=0.0003) and NHUM and CN (p=0.0005), with NHUM having the highest concentration. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed in Anti-Tau and Anti-GAPF a strong positive in the CP, a positive in the HUM, and a weak positive in the NHUM group.
Conclusion: The Alzheimer's model used and the treatments with HUM and NHUM were effective.