bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reflections from the ‘Hold the door open’ project: Inviting older adults across the UK to shape dissemination of health research findings
Authors: Silvonen Taru , McGrath Carmel , Murray Anne , Christensen Hannah 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundThis project sought to expand patient and public involvement (PPI) practices to the development of research finding dissemination with people aged 55+ years. The project is innovative due to its UK‐wide approach and use of PPI to plan better ways to share findings of health research with older adults, extending PPI beyond research project initiation to support dissemination activities.ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to understand how to develop effective public engagement activities with older adults to disseminate findings of health research. We hope to promote greater inclusivity and advance our understanding of this demographic.MethodsThis project combined three approaches: (i) an online questionnaire to ask what activities older adults enjoy; (ii) online planning workshops seeking public contributors' input in event planning and (iii) community events to share research findings and raise awareness of PPI. Activities were carried out in Cardiff, Belfast, Glasgow and Tewkesbury.ResultsThe planning workshops clarified that in‐person activities and offering options for activities were important. Based on feedback from our contributors, all our events focused around a talk and question and answer session. Other short activities included light exercise and a writing activity.DiscussionOur multiphase approach helped us develop informative activities that reflected the questionnaire results and the feedback from the workshops, as we tailored our events to each location. A phased approach allowed both researchers and contributors to gradually deepen their understanding.ConclusionFurther awareness raising is needed to develop the role older adults currently hold in health research activities. Working closely with existing communities can help broaden diversity.Patient or Public ContributionThirty‐three public contributors helped facilitate this project. Two of these also contributed to this article by writing a reflection of their experiences, one of whom also provided feedback for the article.
Motivators and barriers for rural community preceptors in teaching: A qualitative study
Authors: Alexandraki Irene , Kern Anne , Beck Dallaghan Gary L. , Baker Russell , Seegmiller Jeffrey 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPurposeIncreasing challenges in recruiting and retaining community‐based teaching physicians (e.g., community preceptors) call for a better understanding of motivators and barriers community preceptors perceive in their teaching role. Given the importance of medical school partnerships with community‐based sites for student training, it is essential to understand the perspectives of community preceptors as teaching physicians in a context away from the medical school, such as rural, and the factors affecting their career choice to engage in teaching while practising medicine.MethodsWe conducted semi‐structured interviews with rural community preceptors and used open coding to conceptualise data and axial coding to connect codes into categories. We used the socio‐cognitive career theory framework to organise categories into themes.ResultsEleven rural community preceptors from two medical schools participated. Specialties included family medicine, internal medicine and paediatrics; clinical practice and teaching experience ranged from 3–36 and 2–29 years, respectively. Readiness for teaching (‘self‐efficacy’) was pivotal in community preceptors' decision to teach and derived largely from vicarious learning from teaching attendings in medical school or residency; social persuasion and encouragement from clinical partners; and their accomplishments as practising physicians. However, limited faculty development, incomplete knowledge of expectations, disengagement from the medical school and lack of current mentors hindered their self‐confidence. Teaching fulfilled their aspirations (‘outcome expectations’) to give back to the profession, but they felt undervalued and disconnected from other clinician educators. Teaching increased job satisfaction, but clinical workload, and financial impact impeded their goals for achieving excellence (‘performance’).ConclusionsSelf‐efficacy was a pivotal motivator in rural community preceptors' decision to teach. Role models from early training inspired them to teach. Internal awards sustained teaching efforts. Future research should explore structural barriers influencing rural community preceptors' teaching experiences to better support their career choice to become medical educators.
Trentepohlia brevicellulis comb. et stat. nov. (Trentepohliaceae, Ulvophyceae) found in Japan
Authors: Handa Shinji , Nakahara‐Tsubota Miho , Shoda Izumi , Mizobuchi Aya , Nakano Taketo , Tsubota Hiromi 
Published: November 2023

SUMMARYThe family Trentepohliaceae contains many common aerial algae, most widely distributed, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. Eight species of the genus Trentepohlia have been reported in Japan. We report another taxon, Trentepohlia brevicellulis (Cribb) S. Handa and H. Tsubota comb. et stat. nov., growing on bark in western Honshu, Japan. This alga was previously described as Trentepohlia bosseae var. brevicellulis Cribb. However, the relationship between the bosseae and brevicellulis varieties of T. bosseae could not be ascertained owing to the lack of genetic information for brevicellulis. Therefore, we aimed to examine the detailed morphological characteristics of brevicellulis in wild samples and cultured strains and to review the taxonomy, including systematic information obtained by genetic analysis. Its phylogenetic position was resolved based on 18S rDNA sequence data. It differs from T. bosseae and its variety samoensis in exhibiting a warty zoosporangium surface, an unthickened septum with no central pit field, and a non‐rusty‐brown cell wall. The four key characteristics of T. brevicellulis include a warty layer on the inner surface of the non‐bent side of the suffultory cell wall, an ostiole located near the base of the zoosporangium, curved tapering filaments with thickened cell walls, and globular vegetative spores in the basal portion of the filament. Transmission electron microscopy revealed a pit field wherein simple plasmodesmata were present in the septum. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that this alga and T. bosseae form distinct clades and that T. brevicellulis is separate from T. bosseae. Thus, our study helped redefine the accurate taxonomic position of the species under study as Trentepohlia brevicellulis (Cribb) S. Handa and H. Tsubota comb. et stat. nov., a clade distinct from T. bosseae and reported for the first time in Japan.
Integrating irrational behavior into flood risk models to test the outcomes of policy interventions
Authors: Geaves Linda , Hall Jim , Penning‐Rowsell OBE Edmund 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHouseholders are increasingly responsible for managing residual flood risk at property level. Yet, consumers are observed to adopt irrational behaviors under scenarios of risk, often making suboptimal decisions. Therefore, the question is raised, if householders are required to manage flood risk at household level, how can this be made fair and efficient? Policy instruments often incorporate “fairness” by subsidizing the costs of mitigation options, assuming a linear relationship between available finances and the uptake of risk mitigation measures. To integrate behavior into the assessment of policy instruments, this article develops a method to compare the uptake of flood mitigation between agents following models of Expected Monetary Value (EMV) and Prospect Theory (PT). An agent‐based model is created, offering the option to apply either EMV or PT frameworks. EMV represents a rational gamble, determining whether an agent “should” invest in insurance or property‐level protection. On the other hand, the PT option incorporates behavioral aspects to examine how agents are likely to respond to investment decisions in flood risk environments. The models are applied to Flood Re, a policy aimed at ensuring affordable insurance access for all individuals in flood risk areas. The results demonstrate that PT models exhibit greater similarity to observed behavior compared to models based on EMV. These findings emphasize the importance of accommodating “irrational” behaviors within the design of policy instruments, promoting fairness and efficiency. Overall, this research provides insights into the integration of behavior in policy assessments and highlights the benefits of considering PT frameworks alongside traditional rational models. By understanding and accounting for human behavior in decision‐making processes, policymakers can design more effective and equitable policy instruments for managing flood risk.
Information avoidance and testing for COVID‐19
Authors: Kerner Liz , Yusuf Aisha , Dettra Katherine , Carter Paige , Alonso Frances , Shepperd James A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTo limit the spread of the COVID‐19 virus, many employers and institutions developed procedures for people who tested positive. We propose that these procedures may have dissuaded people from testing. In a sample of 1142 participants (452 university students, 690 non‐students) we examined the decision to test for COVID‐19. More than 30% of our sample opted to forego testing for COVID‐19 despite having symptoms. Participants most frequently endorsed practical reasons for their decision (e.g., did not believe they had COVID‐19, felt their symptoms were too mild to warrant testing). However, further analysis revealed that the cost of testing strongly predicted their choice. Such costs included losing income, having to move from one's residence, and among students, losing access to a meal plan. The findings suggest efforts to control the spread of COVID‐19 can include costs that discourage people from testing.
Long‐term effect of oral cannabidiol administration to healthy adult dogs on tear production, intraocular pressure, and tear concentrations
Authors: Jost Haley E. , Spitznagel Katya , Alvarenga Isabella Corsato , Peraza Jaqueline , Banks Krista , McGrath Stephanie , de Linde Henriksen Michala 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the chronic effects of oral cannabidiol (CBD) use on tear production, intraocular pressure (IOP), and concentration of CBD in tears of healthy dogs.Animals StudiedEighteen healthy research Beagles.ProceduresThis was a masked, placebo‐controlled, randomized prospective study. Eighteen dogs were randomly assigned to three groups (six dogs per group) based on daily dosage of oral MCT oil (placebo), CBD 5 mg/kg, and CBD 10 mg/kg. Schirmer tear test (STT‐1) and IOP were measured twice daily (7 am and 7 pm) every 4 weeks for 36 weeks. Week 36 tears were collected and analyzed for CBD concentrations (ng/mL) using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. A mixed linear model was used as the statistical method and p‐value <.05 was considered significant.ResultsNo significant differences were found between placebo vs. 5 mg/kg vs. 10 mg/kg for STT‐1 or IOP (AM and PM). CBD was detected in 10 out of 11 (91%) viable tear samples receiving 5 mg/kg or 10 mg/kg dosages. One sample in the 5 mg/kg group had inadequate tear volume for analysis. The CBD concentration in tears was at or below the lower limit of quantification in placebo group, 4.12–11.2 ng/mL for the 5 mg/kg group, and 6.22–152 ng/mL for the 10 mg/kg group.ConclusionsLong‐term administration of oral CBD in healthy research beagles demonstrates a favorable safety profile regarding ocular tolerability. Oral CBD administration does not appear to affect tear production or IOP over a 36‐week period. This is the first canine study positively identifying concentrations of CBD in tears following oral administration.
Immune Privileges as a Result of Mutual Regulation of Immune and Stem Systems
Authors: Karpenko Dmitriy V. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Immune privileges of cancer stem cells is a well-known and widely studied problem, as presence of such cells in tumors is associated with refractoriness, recurrence, and metastasis. Accumulating evidence also suggests presence of immune privileges in non-pathological stem cells in addition to their other defense mechanisms against damaging factors. This similarity between pathological and normal stem cells raises the question of why stem cells have such a potentially dangerous property. Regulation of vital processes of autoimmunity control and regeneration realized through interactions between immune cells, stem cells, and their microenvironment are reviewed in this work as causes of formation of the stem cell immune privilege. Deep mutual integration between regulations of stem and immune cells is noted. Considering diversity and complexity of mutual regulation of stem cells, their microenvironment, and immune system, I suggest the term “stem system”.
Association between perioperative neuraxial local anesthetic neurotoxicity and arachnoiditis: a narrative review of published reports
Authors: Brenna Connor T. A. , Khan Shawn , Poots Catherine , Brull Richard 
Published: November 2023

Background/importanceArachnoiditis is a rare but devastating disorder caused by various insults, one of which is purported to be local anesthetic neurotoxicity following neuraxial blockade. However, the relationship between local anesthetics administered into the neuraxis and the development of arachnoiditis has not been clearly elucidated.ObjectiveWe aimed to summarize the existing complex body of literature and characterize both the essential features and strength of any association between neuraxial local anesthetic neurotoxicity and arachnoiditis with a view toward mitigating risk, enhancing prevention, and refining informed consent discussions.Evidence reviewWe reviewed all published reports of arachnoiditis attributed to local anesthetic neurotoxicity following perioperative neuraxial anesthesia. This narrative review was based on a systematic search methodology, which included articles published up until December 2022.FindingsThirty-eight articles were included, comprising 130 patients, over one-half of which were published prior to this century and inconsistent with modern practice. Neuraxial techniques included 78 epidurals, 48 spinals, and 5 combined spinal-epidurals, mostly for obstetrics. Reporting of essential procedural data was generally incomplete. Overall, at least 57% of patients experienced complicated needle/catheter insertion, including paresthesia, pain, or multiple attempts, irrespective of technique. The onset of neurological symptoms ranged from immediate to 8 years after neuraxial blockade, while the pathophysiology of arachnoiditis, if described, was heterogeneous.ConclusionsThe existing literature attributing arachnoiditis to local anesthetic neurotoxicity is largely outdated, incomplete, and/or confounded by other potential causes, and thus insufficient to characterize the features and strength of any association.
Gauge waves generation and detection in Aharonov–Bohm electrodynamics
Authors: Minotti F. , Modanese G. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe extended Aharonov–Bohm electrodynamics has a simple formal structure and allows to couple the e.m. field also to currents which are not locally conserved, like those resulting from certain non-local effective quantum models of condensed matter. As it often happens in physics and mathematics when one tries to extend the validity of some equations or operations, new perspectives emerge in comparison to Maxwell theory, and some “exotic” phenomena are predicted. For the Aharonov–Bohm theory the main new feature is that the potentials $$A^\mu $$

A
μ

become univocally defined and can be measured with probes in which the “extra-current” $$I=\partial _\mu j^\mu $$

I
=

∂
μ

j
μ

is not zero at some points. As a consequence, it is possible in principle to detect pure gauge-waves with $${\textbf{E}}={\textbf{B}}=0$$

E
=
B
=
0

, which would be regarded as non-physical in the Maxwell gauge-invariant theory with local current conservation. We discuss in detail the theoretical aspects of this phenomenon and propose an experimental realization of the detectors. A full treatment of wave propagation in anomalous media with extra-currents and of energy–momentum balance issues is also given.
Review of Nasuconia Sakakibara, 2006 (Hemiptera: Membracidae) with description of three new species
Authors: GONZALEZ-MOZO LAURA C. , WARE JESSICA L. 
Published: November 2023

The treehopper genus Nasuconia Sakakibara, 2006 previously included four species and was recorded only from Brazil. Here we provide a revised diagnosis of the genus and describe three new species: Nasuconia ellenfutterae sp. nov. from Ecuador, Nasuconia guianensis sp. nov. from French Guiana and Nasuconia yasuni sp. nov. from Ecuador. The genus can be distinguished by the following combination of characters: frontoclypeus conical with transverse grooves, obliquely projected forward at least 1/3 of its length beyond suprantennal margin; pronotum navicular, low, punctate, with longitudinal elevated lines or nodes; first valvulae with ventral interlocking device distinctively sinuate. Two informal species groups are recognized based on characters of the head, forewing and leg chaetotaxy. A key to species, photographs, updated morphological descriptions, and the first descriptions of the female and male genitalia of Nasuconia species are provided. Comparisons of cucullate setae and fine abdominal integument structures are also made using scanning electron microscopy.
Influence of Weather and Climate on Multidecadal Trends in Atlantic Hurricane Genesis and Tracks
Authors: Kortum Grace , Vecchi Gabriel A. , Hsieh Tsung-Lin , Yang Wenchang 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This study investigates the relative roles of sea surface temperature–forced climate changes and weather variability in driving the observed eastward shift of Atlantic hurricane tracks over the period from 1970 to 2021. A 10-member initial condition ensemble with a ∼25-km horizontal resolution tropical cyclone permitting atmospheric model (GFDL AM2.5-C360) with identical sea surface temperature and radiative forcing time series was analyzed in conjunction with historical hurricane track observations. While a frequency increase was recovered by all the simulations, the observed multidecadal eastward shift in tracks was not robust across the ensemble members, indicating that it included a substantial contribution from weather-scale variability. A statistical model was developed to simulate expected storm tracks based on genesis location and steering flow, and it was used to conduct experiments testing the roles of changing genesis location and changing steering flow in producing the multidecadal weather-driven shifts in storm tracks. These experiments indicated that shifts in genesis location were a substantially larger driver of these multidecadal track changes than changes in steering flow. The substantial impact of weather on tracks indicates that there may be limited predictability for multidecadal track changes like those observed, although basinwide frequency has greater potential for prediction. Additionally, understanding changes in genesis location appears essential to understanding changes in track location.

Significance Statement
From the 1970s to the present, there has been an increase in the frequency of North Atlantic hurricanes, but they have also shifted in location to the east, away from land. We explore whether this shift in hurricanes’ locations was caused by climatic factors or randomness to understand if and how these trends will persist. We also consider whether the shift was due to a change in where hurricanes started or how they moved over their lifespan. Analyzing data from observed and simulated hurricanes, we find that the shift was made more likely by climate factors, but ultimately occurred due to random variability in the hurricanes’ starting locations. These results suggest a higher uncertainty in the future location and impact of hurricanes and highlight the importance of studying why hurricanes originate where they do.
Association between MC1R gene and coat color segregation in Shanxia long black pig and Lulai black pig
Authors: Zheng Hao , Xiong San-ya , Xiao Shi-jun , Zhang Ze-kai , Tu Jin-min , Cui Deng-shuai , Yu Nai-biao , Huang Zhi-yong , Li Long-yun , Guo Yuan-mei 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Coat color, as a distinct phenotypic characteristic of pigs, is often subject to preference and selection, such as in the breeding process of new breed. Shanxia long black pig was derived from an intercross between Berkshire boars and Licha black pig sows, and it was bred as a paternal strain with high-quality meat and black coat color. Although the coat color was black in the F1 generation of the intercross, it segregated in the subsequent generations. This study aims to decode the genetic basis of coat color segregation and develop a method to distinct black pigs from the spotted in Shanxia long black pig.

Results
Only a QTL was mapped at the proximal end of chromosome 6, and MC1R gene was picked out as functional candidate gene. A total of 11 polymorphic loci were identified in MC1R gene, and only the c.67_68insCC variant was co-segregating with coat color. This locus isn’t recognized by any restriction endonuclease, so it can’t be genotyped by PCR-RFLP. The c.370G > A polymorphic locus was also significantly associated with coat color, and has been in tightly linkage disequilibrium with the c.67_68insCC. Furthermore, it is recognized by BspHI. Therefore, a PCR-RFLP method was set up to genotype this locus. Besides the 175 sequenced individuals, another more 1,391 pigs were genotyped with PCR-RFLP, and all of pigs with GG (one band) were black.

Conclusion
MC1R gene (c.67_68insCC) is the causative gene (mutation) for the coat color segregation, and the PCR-RFLP of c.370G > A could be used in the breeding program of Shanxia long black pig.
Comprehensive analysis of miRNA-mRNA regulatory pairs associated with colorectal cancer and the role in tumor immunity
Authors: Liu Cheng , Yu Chun , Song Guoxin , Fan Xingchen , Peng Shuang , Zhang Shiyu , Zhou Xin , zhang Cheng , Geng Xiangnan , Wang Tongshan , Cheng Wenfang , Zhu Wei 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
MicroRNA (miRNA) which can act as post-transcriptional regulators of mRNAs via base-pairing with complementary sequences within mRNAs is involved in processes of the complex interaction between immune system and tumors.
In this research, we elucidated the profiles of miRNAs and target mRNAs expression and their associations with the phenotypic hallmarks of colorectal cancers (CRC) by integrating transcriptomic, immunophenotype, methylation, mutation and survival data.

Results
We conducted the analysis of differential miRNA/mRNA expression profile by GEO, TCGA and GTEx databases and the correlation between miRNA and targeted mRNA by miRTarBase and TarBase. Then we detected using qRT-PCR and validated the diagnostic value of miRNA-mRNA regulator pairs by the ROC, calibration curve and DCA. Phenotypic hallmarks of regulatory pairs including tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, tumor microenvironment, tumor mutation burden, global methylation and gene mutation were also described. The expression levels of miRNAs and target mRNAs were detected in 80 paired colon tissue samples. Ultimately, we picked up two pivotal regulatory pairs (miR-139-5p/ STC1 and miR-20a-5p/ FGL2) and verified the diagnostic value of the complex model which is the combination of 4 signatures above-mentioned in 3 testing GEO datasets and an external validation cohort.

Conclusions
We found that 2 miRNAs by targeting 2 metastasis-related mRNAs were correlated with tumor-infiltrating macrophages, HRAS, and BRAF gene mutation status. Our results established the diagnostic model containing 2 miRNAs and their respective targeted mRNAs to distinguish CRCs and normal controls and displayed their complex roles in CRC pathogenesis especially tumor immunity.