bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using in‐field phosphate testing to rapidly identify middens at Piedras Negras, Guatemala
Authors: Parnell J. Jacob , Terry Richard E. , Golden Charles 
Published: August 2002

AbstractRecent studies have promoted using soil phosphate analysis to detect ancient Maya sites by delimiting areas of occupation based on decomposed organic matter. Refuse associated with human activity increases organic matter around areas of ancient human habitation. Theoretically, the highest concentration of organic matter—detectable by phosphate analysis—should be directly associated with areas of refuse disposal. Thus, the objective of this study is to investigate the potential of phosphate analysis to detect residential middens in Piedras Negras, Guatemala. This paper presents the results of a sensitive, in‐field phosphate analysis method applied as a midden prospection tool in residential areas. Phosphate concentration is correlated with artifact data obtained from a total of 37 test pits excavated in areas of varying phosphate concentration in three residential sites. A positive correlation between phosphate concentration and ceramic density indicates the potential of this method in defining and orienting excavations of residential areas. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Evidence for the neural crest origin of turtle plastron bones
Authors: Clark Karen , Bender Günes , Murray B. Patrick , Panfilio Kristen , Cook Steven , Davis Raquel , Murnen Katherine , Tuan Rocky S. , Gilbert Scott F. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSummary: The migrating cranial neural crest cells of birds, fish, and mammals have been shown to form the membranous bones of the cranium and face. These findings have been extrapolated to suggest that all the dermal bones of the vertebrate exoskeleton are derived from the neural crest ectomesenchyme. However, only one group of extant animals, the Chelonians, has an extensive bony exoskeleton in the trunk. We have previously shown that the autapomorphic carapacial and plastron bones of the turtle shell arise from dermal intramembranous ossification. Here, we show that the bones of the plastron stain positively for HNK‐1 and PDGFRα and are therefore most likely of neural crest origin. This extends the hypothesis of the neural crest origin of the exoskeleton to include the turtle plastron. genesis 31:111–117, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Heritability of plasma amyloid β in typical late‐onset Alzheimer’s disease pedigrees
Authors: Ertekin‐Taner Nilufer , Graff‐Radford Neill , Younkin Linda H. , Eckman Christopher , Adamson Jennifer , Schaid Daniel J. , Blangero John , Hutton Michael , Younkin Steven G. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPlasma amyloid β42 peptide (Aβ42) levels are significantly elevated in all genetic forms of early‐onset Alzheimer’s disease caused by familial Alzheimer’s disease mutations or Down’s syndrome. Moreover, recent studies have determined that both plasma Aβ42 and Aβ40 levels are significantly elevated in late‐onset Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD) patients, their cognitively normal first‐degree relatives, and members of typical LOAD families when compared to appropriate controls. To determine the magnitude of the genetic component affecting plasma Aβ levels, we estimated the heritability of plasma Aβ42 and Aβ40 in 15 extended, multigenerational LOAD pedigrees, using a variance components method. Heritability estimates as high as 73 and 54% were found for plasma Aβ42 and Aβ40 levels, respectively. Inclusion of the ApoE ϵ4 dosage as a covariate was not found to have a significant effect on the heritability of these traits. These results suggest that genetic determinants other than ApoE account for a very substantial percentage of the phenotypic variance in plasma Aβ levels. The high heritability and the significant elevation of these traits in LOAD pedigrees suggest that at least some of the genetic determinants of plasma Aβ levels may lead to elevated Aβ and LOAD in these families. Thus, we suggest that plasma Aβ levels are quantitative traits that may be excellent surrogate markers for use in linkage analysis to identify loci that are important in typical LOAD. Genet. Epidemiol. 21:19–30, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cellular localization and expression patterns of interleukin‐10, interleukin‐4, and their receptors in multiple sclerosis lesions
Authors: Hulshof Sandra , Montagne Lisette , De Groot Corline J.A. , Van Der Valk Paul 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCytokines have been shown to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). However, still limited data are available on the expression of anti‐inflammatory cytokines within the central nervous system (CNS) during MS lesion development. Therefore, we have examined the expression of the anti‐inflammatory cytokines, interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) and IL‐4, and their specific receptors, IL‐10R and IL‐4R, in postmortem human brain tissue obtained from MS patients. Specific patterns of protein localization and expression for both proteins could be observed within active and chronic MS lesions. Strongest IL‐10 immunoreactivity was observed in reactive astrocytes within active demyelinating lesions and the hypercellular rim of chronic active MS lesions. Moreover, perivascular macrophages were immunoreactive for IL‐10 in (chronic) active MS lesions. Most intense IL‐4 immunoreactivity was detected in reactive fibrillary astrocytes within the hypocellular regions of chronic active and chronic inactive MS lesions. Strong immunoreactivity for IL‐10R and IL‐4R was detected on macrophages in both parenchymal and perivascular areas and on reactive astrocytes in active and chronic MS lesions. Our results indicate that IL‐10 and IL‐4 have an active role in CNS immune responses. The specific patterns of protein localization and protein expression for both IL‐10 and IL‐4 in MS lesions at different stages of development suggest that these anti‐inflammatory cytokines and their receptors participate in processes leading to the formation of chronic MS lesions. GLIA 38:24–35, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
KUB3 amplification and overexpression in human gliomas
Authors: Fischer U. , Hemmer D. , Heckel D. , Michel A. , Feiden W. , Steudel W.‐I. , Hulsebos T. , Meese E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractGene amplification is known to occur frequently in human glioma. Recently we reported cloning of a novel gene termed glioma‐amplified sequence 16 (GAS16) by microdissection‐mediated cDNA capture. In this article, we demonstrate that GAS16 results from an alternative splicing process of the Ku70 binding protein 3 (KUB3) that is essential for DNA double‐strand break repair. The alternative splice product was found in glioblastoma and in normal fetal brain. We determined the amplification frequency of KUB3 in glioma with different grading. We analyzed a total of 102 glioma primary tumors and found KUB3 to be amplified in 12/82 (14%) glioblastomas, 4/13 anaplastic astrocytomas (30%), and 2/4 astrocytomas, but in none of three pilocytic astrocytomas. Northern blot analysis of glioblastoma shows a strong correlation between KUB3 amplification and overexpression. Amplification of KUB3 appears to be independent of other genetic changes frequently associated with the development of gliomas, including EGFR amplification, LOH of TP53, and LOH of chromosome 10. The KUB3 amplification and overexpression may interfere with the function of KUB3 in the DNA–PK complex involved in the maintenance of genome stability and reduction of mutation frequency. GLIA 36:1–10, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A feasibility study of antidepressant drug therapy in depressed elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease†
Authors: Yohannes Abebaw M. , Connolly Martin J. , Baldwin Robert C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractObjectivesTo examine the acceptability of fluoxetine in elderly depressed patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).SettingA university teaching hospital.MethodSingle‐blinded (open) study. One hundred and thirty‐seven outpatients (69 male) with symptomatic irreversible, moderate to severe COPD were recruited. Major depression was diagnosed using the Geriatric Mental State Schedule. Quality of life was assessed by the Breathing Problems Questionnaire, physical disability by the Manchester Respiratory Activities of Daily Living Questionnaire and severity of depression using the Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale. Exclusion criteria were: use of oral steroids within 6 weeks, acute or chronic confusion, known cancer and known psychosis.ResultsFifty‐seven patients (42%) (25 males) with a mean age of 72 years (range 60–89 years) were depressed. Fourteen (six male) agreed to undergo therapy with fluoxetine 20 mg/day for 6 months, while 36 (72%) refused antidepressant drug therapy. Only seven subjects completed the trial; of these, four (57%) responded to fluoxetine therapy. Five subjects withdrew because of side‐effects. Twenty‐two of those who refused treatment (61%) agreed to be interviewed, and of these 19 (86%) were still depressed.ConclusionPatient acceptance of fluoxetine was poor. The reasons for refusing treatment varied but were largely due to misapprehension by the patient. Untreated depression became chronic. Offering antidepressants to COPD patients with depression is not an effective strategy. Why this might be so is discussed. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Validation and normative data of health status measures in older people: the Islington study
Authors: Pettit T. , Livingston G. , Manela M. , Kitchen G. , Katona C. , Bowling A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundHealth related quality of life scales have been developed to measure a global picture of health and well‐being from the patient's perspective. Separate validation of these measures in older people is important, as different areas of life are prioritized as important in older people and population norms for health status measures can differ with age.ObjectivesThe aims of this paper were to examine the validity and acceptability of two health status measures the 12‐item Health Status Questionnaire (HSQ‐12) and 12‐item Short Form Health Survey SF‐12, and to present population norms in older people.SettingA door‐to‐door survey in Islington, a borough of inner London.Subjects and methodsThe subjects were allocated to complete either the SF‐12 (n = 541) or the HSQ‐12 (n = 544) by alternating the questionnaires with each household visited. The first 135 people who completed the HSQ‐12 were visited approximately 18 months later. Acceptability was measured examining the completion rate of the scales, and on a three‐point scale. The short‐CARE was used to elicit psychiatric symptoms and diagnoses. We collected data on health and social care, and subjective health problems.ResultsBoth scales distinguished between subjects with and without a variety of health states, including self‐defined health problems, health problems diagnosed by valid scales, problems with vision and hearing, and receipt of health or social services. The HSQ‐12, but not the SF‐12, could distinguish between people with and without dementia, and had high completion rates for those living in the community but not in 24‐hour care. Linear regression models demonstrated sensitivity to change in health status for the HSQ‐12.ConclusionThe SF‐12 and HSQ‐12 are acceptable and valid as health status instruments in large community‐based studies of older people. The HSQ‐12, but not the SF‐12, is acceptable and valid for people with dementia. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Memory self‐appraisal and depressive symptoms in people at genetic risk for Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Small Gary W. , Chen Stephen T. , Komo Scott , Ercoli Linda , Miller Karen , Siddarth Prabha , Kaplan Andrea , Dorsey Deborah , Lavretsky Helen , Saxena Sanjaya , Bookheimer Susan Y. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractObjectivesA previous study found that subjective memory loss in middle‐aged and older persons is associated with the major genetic risk for Alzheimer's disease, the apolipoprotein E‐4 (APOE‐4) allele. No previous study has focused on subjective memory complaints and depressive symptoms in the same subject population at genetic risk for Alzheimer's disease.MethodSixty‐six persons (mean age = 64 years, range = 43 to 82 years) without major depression or dementia but with mild age‐related memory complaints were rated for severity of depressive symptoms, using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, and assessed for the presence of the APOE‐4 allele. Severity of subjective memory loss was assessed using the Memory Functioning Questionnaire, which measures four memory domains: frequency of forgetting, seriousness of forgetting, retrospective functioning, and mnemonics usage.ResultsDepressive symptoms were significantly associated with subjective memory loss in subjects without the APOE‐4 allele, for retrospective functioning (perceived change in memory) and mnemonics usage, but not in APOE‐4 carriers. The same significant associations were found when the analysis was limited to the 44 subjects in the mid‐age range (55–74 years), wherein APOE‐4 confers its greatest effects on risk for Alzheimer's disease.ConclusionThese results confirm that mild depressive symptoms are related to subjective memory loss, but for some forms of memory complaint, the relationship holds true only for people without the major known genetic risk for Alzheimer's disease. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Subjective health measures and acute treatment outcomes in geriatric depression
Authors: Lenze Eric J. , Miller Mark D. , Dew Mary Amanda , Martire Lynn M. , Mulsant Benoit H. , Begley Amy E. , Schulz Richard , Frank Ellen , Reynolds Charles F. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundPrior research suggests that elderly patients are less likely to respond to antidepressant treatment if they have low self‐rated health. However, successful treatment for depression has been associated with improvement in self‐rated health and other health measures.ObjectivesTo examine measures of self‐rated health, physical disability, and social function as predictors of treatment response in late‐life depression, and to assess these same health measures as treatment outcomes. We hypothesized that greater impairment in these measures would predict poorer treatment response, and that these measures would show significant improvements with recovery from depression.MethodSubjects were enrolled in a depression intervention study for people aged 60 and older with recurrent unipolar major depression; they were assessed with measures of self‐rated health, physical disability, and social functioning at baseline and at the end of treatment. Baseline measures were compared between the 88 remitters, 11 non‐remitters, and seven dropouts. Additionally, changes in the measures were examined in subjects who recovered from the index depressive episode.ResultsSubjects with poorer self‐rated health at baseline were more likely both to drop out of treatment and to not respond to adequate treatment. This relationship was independent of demographic measures, severity of depression, physical and social functioning, medical illness, personality, hopelessness, overall medication use, and side effects or non‐compliance with treatment.ConclusionAlthough this finding is preliminary because of the small number of dropouts and non‐remitters, it suggests that lower self‐rated health may independently predict premature discontinuation of treatment for depression. Additionally, subjects who recovered from depression showed significant improvements in self‐rated health, physical disability, and social functioning. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of 2‐substituted‐2,3‐dihydro‐5‐benzoyl‐1H‐1,3,2‐benzodiazaphosphole 2‐oxides/sulfides
Authors: Reddy P. Vasu Govardhana , Babu Y. Hari , Reddy C. Suresh , Srinivasulu D. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSyntheses of 2‐aryloxy/2‐chloro ethoxy‐2,3‐dihydro‐5‐benzoyl‐1H‐1,3,2‐benzodiaza‐phosphole 2‐oxides 3a–h were accomplished by reactions of equimolar quantities of 3,4‐diaminobenzophenone (1) with various aryl/chloroethoxy phosphorodichloridates 2a–g and 2h in the presence of triethylamine at 50–60°C. Compounds 3i–k were prepared by reacting 3,4‐diaminobenzophenone (1) with aryl thiophosphorodichloridates 2i–k under similar conditions. They were characterized by IR, 1H, 13C, and 31P NMR spectral data. Some of these products possessed siginificant antimicrobial activity © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 13:340–345, 2002; Published online in Wiley Interscience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.10044
The death of cost‐minimization analysis?
Authors: Briggs Andrew H. , O'Brien Bernie J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractFour different types of evaluation methods, cost‐benefit analysis (CBA), cost‐utility analysis (CUA), cost‐effectiveness analysis (CEA) and cost‐minimization analysis (CMA), are usually distinguished. In this note, we pronounce the (near) death of CMA by showing the rare circumstances under which CMA is an appropriate method of analysis. We argue that it is inappropriate for separate and sequential hypothesis tests on differences in effects and costs to determine whether incremental cost‐effectiveness (or cost‐utility) should be estimated. We further argue that the analytic focus should be on the estimation of the joint density of cost and effect differences, the quantification of uncertainty surrounding the incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio and the presentation of such data as cost‐effectiveness acceptability curves. Two examples from recently published CEA are employed to illustrate the issues. The first shows a situation where analysts might be tempted (inappropriately) to employ CMA rather than CEA. The second illustrates one of the rare circumstances in which CMA may be justified as a legitimate form of analysis. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Squamous cell carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract: The prevalence of microscopic extracapsular spread and soft tissue deposits in the clinically N0 neck
Authors: Coatesworth Andrew P. , MacLennan Ken 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundWith squamous cell carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract the presence or absence of neck metastases is the most important prognostic factor. This makes the histopathologic assessment of neck dissections of paramount importance. With the clinically N0 neck the prevalence of microscopic extracapsular spread and soft tissue deposits has not previously been described.MethodsWe have prospectively analyzed 96 elective neck dissections in 63 patients with upper aerodigestive tract squamous cell carcinoma and clinically N0 necks to assess the prevalence of microscopic extracapsular spread and soft tissue deposits. The dissections were separated peroperatively into nodal levels; these were sectioned at 6‐μm sections and stained with H & E.ResultsNineteen patients (30.2%) were upstaged to pN+ve. Twelve of these had microscopic extracapsular spread, which was 19.0% of the clinically N0 necks and 63.2% of the pN+ve. Five had soft tissue deposits, which was 7.9% of the clinically N0 necks. Fourteen patients had microscopic extracapsular spread and/or soft tissue deposits, which represented 22.2% of all necks examined and 73.7% of the pN+ve necks.ConclusionsMicroscopic extracapsular spread and soft tissue deposits have a high prevalence in patients with clinically N0 necks. Extracapsular spread can occur at an early stage in metastasis from upper aerodigestive tract squamous cell carcinoma. Soft tissue deposits can also occur at an early stage. Soft tissue deposits may occur by the same process as lymph node metastasis with total effacement of the lymph node or may occur by some other process such as lymphatic tumor embolization. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 24: 258–261, 2002; DOI 10.1002/hed.10020
Importance of the treatment package time in surgery and postoperative radiation therapy for squamous carcinoma of the head and neck
Authors: Rosenthal David I. , Liu Li , Lee Jason H. , Vapiwala Neha , Chalian Ara A. , Weinstein Gregory S. , Chilian Irina , Weber Randal S. , Machtay Mitchell 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundTo determine the effect of treatment time‐related factors on outcome in patients treated with surgery and postoperative radiation therapy (RT) for locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck (SCCHN)MethodsA retrospective review was performed on 208 consecutive patients treated from 1992 to 1997 with surgery and postoperative RT (≥55 Gy) for SCCHN. The treatment time factors considered were (1) interval from surgery to the start of RT; (2) RT duration; and (3) the total time from surgery to completion of RT (treatment package time). Treatment package time was dichotomized into short (≤100 days) vs long (>100 days) categories. Other variables considered were clinical and pathologic staging, margin status, RT dose, and tumor site. Patients were also divided into intermediate‐ and high‐risk groups on the basis of eligibility for RTOG 95‐01. Univariate (logrank) and multivariate analyses were performed.ResultsMedian follow‐up for surviving patients was 24 months. Actuarial 2‐year locoregional control (LRC) and survival rates were 82% and 71%, respectively. In univariate analysis, factors associated with higher locoregional failure were high‐risk group (p = .011), margin status (p = .038), pathologic stage (p = .035), clinical N stage (p = .006), package time (p = .013), and RT treatment time (p = .03). Package time was also a significant predictor of survival in univariate analysis (p = .021). The other two individual time factors, tumor factors, and RT dose were not significant. Both risk status and treatment package time were significant factors in a multivariate model of LRC.ConclusionsA total treatment package time of <100 days is associated with improved tumor control and survival. Every effort should be made to keep the time from surgery to the completion of postoperative RT to <100 days. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Age and survival from squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue
Authors: Davidson Bruce J. , Root Wendy A. , Trock Bruce J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundA worse outcome for young patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma has been previously suggested in the literature. This issue has been investigated with respect to squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue.MethodsThe Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) program tumor registries were used. Cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue (ICD‐9 codes 141.1–141.5) diagnosed from 1988–1993 in which this cancer was the one and only cancer were included (n = 749). Disease‐specific survival was evaluated with respect to age, type of surgical treatment, and radiotherapy while stratifying for stage using Cox proportional hazards analysis. A secondary analysis included the additional variables, tumor size and nodal status. (These fields were recorded in SEER for only about half of the cases in the primary analysis.)ResultsAnalysis revealed that increasing age predicted worse disease‐specific survival. A 10‐year increase in age was associated with an 18% increase in risk of death. Surgical therapy with excision of the primary tumor alone or excision plus neck dissection predicted improved survival, whereas the use of radiotherapy was associated with worse survival. (The latter may reflect bias associated with positive surgical margins or premorbid conditions.) In the secondary analysis, age, tumor size, and positive lymph node status were associated with significantly worse disease‐specific survival, whereas surgical excision plus neck dissection was associated with improved survival.ConclusionThe SEER database shows increased disease‐specific mortality with increasing age in patients with cancer of the oral tongue. Surgical therapy is associated with improved survival, whereas the use of radiotherapy, increasing tumor size, and positive lymph node status are associated with worse outcome. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Head Neck 23: 273–279. 2001.