bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein‐2 in Oral Applications Including the Use of Endosseous Implants: 3‐Year Results of a Pilot Study in Humans
Authors: Cochran David L. , Jones Archie A. , Lilly Leslie Clark , Fiorellini Joseph P. , Howell Howard 
Published: February 2005

Background: This study evaluated patients who had been treated with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (rhBMP‐2) loaded in an absorbable collagen sponge (ACS) in human extraction sites or in sites that required alveolar ridge augmentation. An earlier report on the same patients revealed that after 4 months, implantation of rhBMP‐2/ACS was safe, as determined by clinical, radiographic, systemic, and immunological analyses. In this longer‐term follow‐up, eligible patients were restored with endosseous dental implants in the area treated with rhBMP‐2/ACS and bone biopsy samples were taken for histological analysis of the treated human bone tissue. The primary objective was to monitor the long‐term safety of patients treated with rhBMP‐2/ACS. Another objective was to evaluate the dental implants placed in the sites treated with rhBMP‐2.Methods: Patient safety was evaluated by clinical examinations, periapical radiographs, and occurrence of adverse experiences. Dental implants were evaluated by radiographic and clinical examination. All 12 patients have been followed for 3 years.Results: Two years following surgical implantation of rhBMP‐2/ACS, no serious or unexpected adverse experiences occurred. The adverse experiences that did occur were mostly benign and compatible with the dental implant surgeries performed in these patients. No adverse experiences were deemed as related to the rhBMP‐2/ACS. Furthermore, no safety concerns in the local area of rhBMP‐2/ACS placement were noted, based on oral wound examinations. In the 10 patients (6 extraction socket patients and 4 augmentation patients) who received endosseous implants, all implants were clinically stable at all assessments and all 10 patients have been functionally restored. Histological evaluation of the human bone core biopsies revealed normal bone tissue formation identical to the surrounding native bone. Three‐year follow‐up clinical examinations revealed that all implants had stable marginal bone levels and healthy peri‐implant tissues.Conclusions: These 3‐year results demonstrate that rhBMP‐2/ACS can be used safely in human patients. Human bone biopsies reveal normal bone formation in areas treated with rhBMP‐2/ACS. Endosseous implants placed in these areas were all stable with no radiographic or clinical complications. The results from this study suggest that rhBMP‐2/ACS (0.43 mg/ml) can be safely used in tooth extraction sites and in local ridge augmentation procedures and that endosseous dental implants placed in bony areas treated with rhBMP‐2/ACS are stable and can be functionally restored without complication. J Periodontol 2000;71:1241‐1257.
Comparison of Bioabsorbable and Non‐Resorbable Membranes in the Treatment of Dehiscence‐Type Defects. A Histomorphometric Study in Dogs
Authors: da Silva Pereira Sergio L. , Sallum Antonio Wilson , Casati Marcio Z. , Caffesse Raul G. , Weng Dietmar , Nociti Francisco H. , Sallum Enilson A. 
Published: February 2005

Background: The goal of this investigation was to compare, histologically and histometrically, the healing process of dehiscence‐type defects treated by guided tissue regeneration (GTR) with bioabsorbable polylactic acid (PLA) membranes and nonresorbable expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTF) membranes.Methods: Six mongrel dogs were used. Buccal osseous dehiscences were surgically created on the distal roots of the mandibular third and fourth premolars. The defects were exposed to plaque accumulation for 3 months. After this period, the defects were randomly assigned to one of the treatments: GTR with bioabsorbable membrane (PLA), GTR with non‐resorbable membrane (ePTFE), open flap debridement (OFD), and non‐treated control (NTC). After 3 months of healing, the dogs were sacrificed and the blocks were processed. The histometric parameters evaluated included: gingival recession, epithelial length, connective tissue adaptation, new cementum, and new bone area.Results: A superior length of new cementum was observed in the sites treated by GTR, regardless of the type of barrier used, in comparison with OFD (P <0.05). No statistically significant differences were found between PLA and ePTFE in any of the parameters with the exception of bone area. PLA presented a greater bone area when compared to ePTFE, OFD, and NTC (P <0.05).Conclusions: Within the limits of this study, it can be concluded that both barriers are equally effective for new cementum formation. The bioabsorbable membrane may provide a greater bone area than the non‐resorbable membrane. J Periodontol 2000;71:1306‐1314.
Treatment of Gingival Recession: Comparative Study Between Subepithelial Connective Tissue Graft and Guided Tissue Regeneration
Authors: Rosetti Elizabeth P. , Marcantonio Rosemary Adriana C. , Rossa Carlos , Chaves Eros S. , Goissis Gilberto , Marcantonio Elcio 
Published: February 2005

Background: Various procedures have been proposed to treat gingival recession, but few studies compare these procedures to each other. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a clinical comparison of subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG) and guided tissue regeneration (GTR) with a collagen membrane in the treatment of gingival recessions in humans.Methods: Twenty‐four defects were treated in 12 patients who presented canine or pre‐molar Miller Class I and/or II bilateral gingival recessions. Both treatments were performed in all patients, and clinical measurements were obtained at baseline and 18 months after surgery. These clinical measurements included gingival recession height (GR), root coverage (RC), probing depth (PD), keratinized tissue width (KT), and final esthetic result.Results: Both SCTG and GTR with a bioabsorbable membrane and bone graft demonstrated significant clinical and esthetic improvement for gingival recession coverage. The SCTG group was statistically significantly better than GTR for height of GR (SCTG = 0.2 mm, GTR = 1.12 mm, P = 0.02) and KT (SCTG = 4.58 mm, GTR = 2.5 mm, P <0.0001). However, PD was statistically significantly better for GTR than SCTG treatment (GTR = 1.66 mm, SCTG = 1.00, P = 0.01). The 2 procedures were statistically similar in root coverage (SCTG = 95.6%, GTR = 84.2%, P = 0.073). The esthetic condition after both treatments was satisfactory (P = 0.024).Conclusions: It was concluded that the gingival recessions treated with the SCTG group were superior for GR, RC, and KT clinical parameters, while GTR demonstrated better PD reduction. The final esthetic results were similar using both techniques. J Periodontol 2000;71:1441‐1447.
The Relationship Between Bone Mineral Density and Periodontitis in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Tezal Mine , Wactawski‐Wende Jean , Grossi Sara G. , Ho Alex W. , Dunford Robert , Genco Robert J. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Systemic bone loss has been proposed as a risk factor for periodontal disease; however, the relationship between these two diseases is still not clear. The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between systemic bone mineral density and periodontal disease, controlling for known confounders.Methods: The study population included 70 postmenopausal Caucasian women aged 51 to 78 (mean ± SD: 62.10 ± 7.1 years). Skeletal bone mineral density (BMD) was assessed by dual energy x‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) at the neck, trochanter, intertrochanter, Ward's triangle, and total regions of the femur, and from the anterior‐posterior view of the lumbar spine. Periodontal disease severity was represented by clinical attachment loss (CAL) and interproximal alveolar bone loss (ABL). Other measures of periodontal status included probing depth (PD), supragingival plaque, gingival bleeding on probing, and calculus. DXA and oral examinations were performed by calibrated examiners. Partial correlation coefficients (r) were obtained from multiple linear regression analysis adjusting for age, age at menopause, estrogen supplementation, cigarette smoking, body mass index, and supragingival plaque.Results: Mean ABL was significantly correlated with BMD of the trochanter (r = − 0.27), Ward's triangle (r = −0.26), and total regions of the femur (r = −0.25). Mean CAL appeared to be related to BMD consistently at all regions of the skeleton, although the association did not reach statistical significance.Conclusions: We can conclude that skeletal BMD is related to interproximal alveolar bone loss and, to a lesser extent, to clinical attachment loss, implicating postmenopausal osteopenia as a risk indicator for periodontal disease in postmenopausal Caucasian women. J Periodontol 2000;71:1492‐1498.
A Longitudinal Clinical Comparison Plaque‐Induced Inflammation Between Gingival and Peri‐Implant Soft Tissues in the Maxilla
Authors: Toljanic Joseph A. , Ward Christopher B. , Gewerth Michael E. , Banakis Mark L. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Little information exists concerning the periimplant soft tissue response to plaque compared to the gingiva of the dentition. The purpose of this study was to compare this relative tissue response to plaque in humans over time.Methods: Two hundred seventy‐five (275) hydroxyapatitecoated implants were placed in the maxillae of 50 subjects followed by prosthetic rehabilitation. Baseline gingival (GI) and plaque (PI) index scores were obtained for all implants. Two to 4 teeth per subject were similarly measured, serving as controls. Measurements were repeated at 6‐month intervals over 30‐months. GI scores were evaluated relative to PI scores at 4 separate sites for each implant, to implant location within the oral cavity, and to length of time that each implant was in function.Results: The peri‐implant mucosa demonstrated a significantly greater likelihood of having elevated GI scores relative to PI scores when compared to the gingiva (chi‐square for combined PI scores of 0 and 1 = 85.0, df = 1, P <0.001; for combined PI scores of 2 and 3 = 114.6, df = 1, P <0.001). A logistic generalized linear model confirmed the significance of these results (Student t for implant effect = 21.602). It further demonstrated significantly elevated GI scores for implant sites over time and for implants located in the posterior oral cavity.Conclusions: The results indicate that maxillary peri‐implant soft tissues are at increased risk for plaque‐induced inflammation relative to the gingiva of the dentition. Hygiene recall standards and treatment regimens may require revisions to minimize peri‐implantitis and prevent bone loss. J Periodontol 2001;72:1139‐1145.
Effects of Whole Cell Sonicates of Treponema lecithinolyticum on Osteoclast Differentiation
Authors: Choi Bong‐Kyu , Ohk Seung‐Ho , Lee Hyun Jung , Kang Jung Hwa , Jeong Gook Jin , Yoo Yun‐Jung 
Published: February 2005

Background: Alveolar bone destruction is a characteristic feature of periodontal diseases and multinucleated osteoclast cells derived from hemopoietic cells are responsible for bone resorption. Treponema lecithinolyticum is a novel oral spirochete isolated from the periodontal lesions.Methods: The effect of whole cell sonicates on the osteoclast differentiation was examined in a co‐culture system of hemopoietic mouse bone marrow cells and calvaria derived‐osteoblastic cells to clarify the role of T. lecithinolyticum in the alveolar bone destruction associated with periodontal diseases. The differentiated osteoclasts were confirmed by tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining.Results: Sonicates of this bacterium stimulated the osteoclast formation in the co‐culture system in a dose‐dependent manner. The sonicates‐induced osteoclast formation was partially inhibited by the heat treatment of sonicates. Indomethacin, which is a prostaglandin inhibitor, decreased the osteoclast formation induced by the bacterial sonicates.Conclusions: These findings suggest that T. lecithinolyticum induces osteoclast differentiation by a prostaglandin E2‐dependent mechanism and that heat‐labile components may be involved in this process. J Periodontol 2001;72:1172‐1177.
Effect of Different Mouthrinses on Morning Breath
Authors: Van Steenberghe Daniel , Avontroodt Pieter , Peeters Wouter , Pauwels Martine , Coucke Wim , Lijnen An , Quirynen Marc 
Published: February 2005

Background: Morning breath odor is an often‐encountered complaint. This double‐blind, crossover, randomized study aimed to examine the bad breath‐inhibiting effect of 3 commercially available mouthrinses on morning halitosis during an experimental period of 12 days without mechanical plaque control.Methods: Twelve medical students with a healthy periodontium refrained from all means of mechanical plaque control during 3 experimental periods of 12 days (with intervening washout periods of at least 3 weeks). A professional oral cleaning preceded each period. During each experimental period, as the only oral hygiene measure allowed, the students rinsed twice a day with one of the following formulations in a randomized order: CHX‐Alc (a 0.2% chlorhexidine [CHX] solution); CHX‐NaF (CHX 0.12% plus sodium fluoride 0.05%); or CHX‐CPC‐Zn (CHX 0.05% plus cetylpyridinium chloride 0.05% plus zinc lactate 0.14%). After 12 days, morning breath was scored via volatile sulfur compound (VSC) level measurements of the mouth air and organoleptic ratings of the mouth air, the expired air, and a scraping of the tongue coating. At the 12‐day visit, a questionnaire (subjective ratings) was completed and samples taken from both the tongue coating and the saliva for anaerobic and aerobic culturing and vitality staining. The de novo supragingival plaque formation was also recorded. All parameters were correlated with the baseline registrations.Results: Although oral hygiene during the 3 experimental periods was limited to oral rinses, bad breath parameters systematically improved, with the exception of a slight increase in VSC levels while using CHXAlc, a finding which was associated with the direct influence of the CHX on the sulfide monitor. The oral microbial load after the use of CHX‐NaF remained unchanged, while for the CHX‐Alc and CHX‐CPC‐Zn, significant reductions in both aerobic and anaerobic colony forming units (CFU)/ml were noticed in comparison with baseline data for both tongue coating and saliva samples. The composition of microflora, on the other hand, did not reveal significant changes. The supragingival plaque formation was inhibited, in descending order, by CHX‐Alc, CHX‐CPC‐Zn, and CHX‐NaF. The subjective scores for the rinses indicated a higher appreciation for CHX‐CPC‐Alc and CHX‐NaF because of a better taste and fewer side effects.Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrate that morning halitosis can be successfully reduced via daily use of mouthrinses. CHX‐Alc and CHX‐CPC‐Zn mouthrinses result in a significant reduction of the microbial load of tongue and saliva. J Periodontol 2001;72:1183‐1191.
Effects of Smoking and Treatment Status on Periodontal Bacteria: Evidence That Smoking Influences Control of Periodontal Bacteria at the Mucosal Surface of the Gingival Crevice
Authors: Eggert F.‐Michael , McLeod M. Herbert , Flowerdew Gordon 
Published: February 2005

Background: We examined whether smoking status could influence growth of potentially pathogenic bacteria in the periodontal environment of treated and untreated periodontal patients.Methods: We have previously reported effects of treatment status on marker bacteria in our patients. We established a history of any smoking during 6 months prior to microbiological sampling (F‐ME, 16 smokers out of 64; MHM, 70 smokers out of 185). We used a commercial immunoassay to quantitate Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in paper point samples from periodontal sites.Results: Logistic regression showed that in smokers, neither P. gingivalis nor A. actinomycetemcomitans was quantitatively increased, while P. intermedia was somewhat increased. Multiple regression demonstrated that smoking disrupts the positive relationship between increasing probing depth and increasing bacterial growth that is found in non‐smokers. In smokers, growth of marker bacteria at shallow sites (≤5 mm) was significantly increased to the levels found at deeper sites (>5 mm) in both smokers and non‐smokers. Supragingival plaque biofilm was identified as a reservoir for marker bacteria; smokers and nonsmokers had equal ranges of oral cleanliness.Conclusions: Smoking‐associated periodontitis is not simply a reflection of oral cleanliness. Smoking extends a favorable habitat for bacteria such as P. gingivalis, P. intermedia, and A. actinomycetemcomitans to shallow sites (≤5 mm). Molecular byproducts of smoking interfere with mechanisms that normally contain growth of damaging bacteria at the surface of the oral mucosa in gingival crevices. In this way, smoking can promote early development of periodontal lesions. J Periodontol 2001;72:1210‐1220.
Persistent Presence of Bacteroides forsythus as a Risk Factor for Attachment Loss in a Population With Low Prevalence and Severity of Adult Periodontitis
Authors: Tran Simon D. , Rudney Joel D. , Sparks Brandon S. , Hodges James S. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Previous longitudinal studies investigating the role of microorganisms in periodontitis have focused on subjects with a high prevalence and severity of disease. The complex profile of microbial species in severe cases of periodontitis might not allow us to differentiate which bacterial species initiate disease or which species simply proliferate after disease progression. This prospective longitudinal study followed a group of 205 subjects who showed a low prevalence and severity of adult periodontitis, and thus allowed us to monitor early microbiological changes in the development of periodontitis.Methods: Subgingival plaque was collected from proximal surfaces of a posterior sextant at 6‐month intervals for 2 years. During the monitoring period, 44 subjects had either attachment loss or attachment gain. Using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR), all plaque samples from those 44 subjects were analyzed for the presence of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Bacteroides forsythus, and Porphyromonas gingivalis.Results: Both subjects with attachment loss and those with attachment gain had a high prevalence of these 3 periodontal pathogens. The mere presence of any of the 3 species at a site could not predict future attachment loss at that specific site. However, subjects with a persistent presence of B. forsythus at any site across all visits had 5.3 times higher odds of having at least one site in their mouth losing attachment compared to subjects with occasional or no presence of B. forsythus.Conclusions: The persistence of B. forsythus identified subjects at higher risk, but not which specific sites in those subjects would lose attachment. J Periodontol 2001;72:1‐10.
Detection of Platelet‐Activating Factor in Gingival Tissue Surrounding Failed Dental Implants
Authors: Bassi Francesco , Marchisella Cristiano , Schierano Gianmario , Gasser Egon , Montrucchio Giuseppe , Valente Guido , Camussi Giovanni , Preti Giulio 
Published: February 2005

Background: Dental implant therapy has entered routine clinical practice. However, the failure rate of implants at 5 years, due to biological factors, is still around 7%. The pathogenesis of implant loss involves a complex network of cells and inflammatory mediators. This study evaluated platelet‐activating factor (PAF), a potent phospholipid mediator of inflammation, in soft tissue surrounding failed dental implants versus healthy implants.Methods: PAF was estimated on extracted lipids by bioassay on washed rabbit platelets; inflammatory cell populations were assessed semiquantitatively after staining, and microvessel density was evaluated after immunohistochemical staining.Results: Biologically active PAF was detected in the lipid extracts of samples excised from gingival tissue of patients with failed implants, but not in samples from patients with osseointegrated implants or from healthy edentulous subjects. The amount of PAF detected in failed implants was significantly higher than in healthy implants, suggesting a local production of this mediator.Conclusions: The presence of PAF was associated with histopathological findings of local inflammation and increased blood vessel density. J Periodontol 2001;72:57‐64.
Comparison of 2 Clinical Techniques for Treatment of Gingival Recession
Authors: Wang Hom‐Lay , Bunyaratavej Pintippa , Labadie Margaret , Shyr Yu , MacNeil R. Lamont 
Published: February 2005

Background: In early case studies, use of a collagen barrier as a guided tissue regeneration (GTR) material has shown particular promise in procedures aimed at root coverage. The similarities between collagen membrane and subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG) have made collagen membrane an attractive and a possible alternative material for root coverage. The purpose of this randomized clinical trial was to compare these 2 techniques, SCTG versus a GTR‐based procedure (GTRC), for root coverage/recession treatment.Methods: Sixteen patients with bilateral Miller's Class I or II (gingival recession ≥3.0 mm) recession defects were treated either with SCTG or GTRC using a newly designed collagen membrane. Clinical parameters monitored included recession depth (RD), clinical attachment level (CAL), probing depth (PD), width of keratinized gingiva (KG), attached gingiva (AG), and recession width (RW), each measured at the mid‐buccal area to the nearest 0.5 mm. Measurements were taken at baseline and 6 months. A standard mucogingival surgical procedure was performed. Data were reported as means ± SD and were analyzed using the paired t test for univariate analysis and restricted/residual maximal likelihood (REML)‐based mixed effect model for multivariate analysis.Results: No statistically significant differences were observed in RD, CAL, KG, and AG between test and control groups at either time period. However, SCTG showed significantly more residual PD and more RW gain when compared to GTRC at 6 months. Both treatments resulted in a statistically significant (P <0.05) reduction of recession defects (2.5 mm and 2.8 mm), gain of CAL (2.8 mm and 2.3 mm), reduction of RW (1.9 mm and 2.7 mm), and increase of KG (0.7 mm and 1.1 mm) and AG (0.7 mm and 0.5 mm) for GTRC and SCTG, respectively, when comparing 6‐month data to baseline. Mean root coverage of 73% (collagen membrane) and 84% (subepithelial connective tissue graft) was achieved.Conclusions: The 2 techniques are clinically comparable. Use of a modified collagen membrane to attain root coverage may alleviate the need for donor site procurement of connective tissue. J Periodontol 2001;72:1301‐1311.