bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Making epidemiologic studies responsive to the needs of participants and communities: The Carolina Breast Cancer Study experience
Authors: Plummer Patricia , Jackson Susan , Konarski Jamie , Mahanna Elizabeth , Dunmore Carolyn , Regan Georgette , Mattingly Dianne , Parker Barbara , Williams Sara , Andrews Catherine , Vannapppagari Vani , Hall Susan , Deming Sandra , Hodgson Elizabeth , Moorman Patricia , Newman Beth , Millikan Robert 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this report, we present the results of surveys administered to participants and nonparticipants in the Carolina Breast Cancer Study (CBCS). Surveys and structured interviews were administered to determine women's concerns regarding participation in research studies, access to health care, and beliefs regarding causes of breast cancer. Survey results showed the highest concern for the growing number of women diagnosed with breast cancer in North Carolina and potential environmental agents that may cause breast cancer. Negative responses were noted for time constraints related to participation and lack of familiarity with epidemiologic research; another concern noted was the lack of centralized information regarding breast cancer treatment. These issues were addressed by (1) developing a web site that provided background information about the CBCS, summaries of published study results, and information about the etiology of breast cancer; and (2) creating a statewide, comprehensive breast cancer resource directory for women who need information about breast cancer diagnosis, treatment, and support. These two projects were carried out in collaboration with breast cancer advocates, and demonstrate the important role that advocates can play in making epidemiologic research more responsive to the needs of communities. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 39:96–101, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The partnership between breast cancer advocates and scientists
Authors: Platner Janice H. , Bennett L. Michelle , Millikan Robert , Barker Mary D.G. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe National Breast Cancer Coalition (NBCC) is a grassroots organization that represents breast cancer advocates and is committed to eradicating breast cancer. NBCC defines a breast cancer advocate as someone who has been personally affected by the disease (e.g., a breast cancer survivor, family member, or friend), represents a constituency, and is motivated to join the fight against the disease. One of the organization's goals is to ensure that breast cancer advocates have a seat at the table when decisions are made about breast cancer research and policy. To accomplish this goal, NBCC educates advocates so that they can participate in and make meaningful contributions to legislative, scientific, and regulatory decision‐making bodies. In addition to creating educational opportunities for advocates, NBCC has spearheaded several initiatives designed to directly increase the quality and quantity of breast cancer research. NBCC has also played a major role in making funding available to breast cancer researchers. Two of NBCC's most notable programs include Project LEAD, an intensive science‐training course for breast cancer advocates, and the Environmental Initiative, a collection of activities designed to improve research into the relationship between breast cancer and the environment. Breast cancer advocates trained by NBCC have partnered with the scientific community and individual scientists to improve the peer review, design, and implementation of breast cancer research. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 39:102–107, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification of ICR170‐induced XPD mutations in UV‐sensitive CHO cells
Authors: Tebbs Robert S. , Salazar Edmund P. , Thompson Larry H. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe highlight selected contributions of Dr. Richard Setlow that contributed to our earlier understanding of excision repair processes and set the stage for dissecting nucleotide excision repair (NER) in mammalian cells through molecular genetics. More than 20 years ago, large‐scale screens for UV‐sensitive mutants of hamster CHO cells isolated ∼200 mutants, many of which were assigned to the XPD/ERCC2 complementation group, but the nature of the mutations was not determined. The XPD protein performs not only an essential viability function as a structural component of transcription initiation factor TFIIH, but also an NER function as a 5′ to 3′ DNA helicase within TFIIH that unwinds DNA on the 3′ side of bulky lesions. Alterations in these XPD functions are responsible for three UV‐sensitivity genetic disorders that have distinguishable clinical features. In this study, we sequenced six UV‐sensitive ICR170‐induced Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell mutants that previously were assigned to the XPD complementation group to determine whether they carry frameshift mutations. All six mutants show 3‐ to 5‐fold increased hypersensitivity to UV irradiation, similar to the XPD mutant prototype UV5. Even though ICR170 is a strong frameshift mutagen, all six cell lines contain base substitution mutations, five of which are unique among all mutations identified so far in human and rodent cells. The sixth mutation was identical to the R75W mutation previously found in CHO UVL‐1. The results presented here contribute to a mutation database that should prove useful in structure‐function studies of this unique DNA‐structure‐specific helicase and its complex mutant phenotypes. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 38:111–117, 2001. Published 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Alternative air pollution measures for detecting short‐term health effects in epidemiological studies
Authors: Chiogna Monica , Bellini Pierantonio 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThere are many aspects of model choice that are involved in epidemiological studies of the effects of air pollution on health. One of these aspects has to do with exposure assessment of the study population. In this article we propose a different exposure assessment paradigm based on three measures of exposure, named night exposure, severity and duration. The role of these variables is to better grasp personal exposure from ambient concentrations and to include in the models an idea about the pattern of exposure, i.e. short/long exposures to medium/high levels of pollutants. Use of this new setting for the analysis of the relationship between air pollution and hospital admissions for respiratory disorders in the Italian city of Verona showed the potential of the new setting to deepen understanding of the nature of the association between air pollution and health. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An experimental investigation of water level effects on the dynamic behaviour of a large arch dam
Authors: Proulx Jean , Paultre Patrick , Rheault Julien , Robert Yannick 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe need for full‐scale dynamic tests, which are recognized as the most reliable method to evaluate a structure's vibration properties, is increasing as new analysis techniques are developed that take into account the complex interaction phenomenons that occur in dam–reservoir–foundation systems. They are extremely useful to obtain reliable data for the calibration of newly developed numerical methods.The Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics Research Center (CRGP) at the University of Sherbrooke has been developing and applying dynamic testing methods for large structures in the past 10 years. This paper presents the experimental evaluation of the effects of the varying water level on the dynamic response of the 180 m Emosson arch dam in Switzerland. Repeated forced‐vibration tests were carried out on the dam during four different periods of the reservoir's filling cycle during a one‐year span. Acceleration and hydrodynamic pressure frequency responses were obtained at several locations while the dam was subjected to horizontal harmonic loading. The variation of the resonant frequencies as a function of the reservoir level is investigated. A summary of the ongoing numerical correlation phase with a three‐dimensional finite element model for the dam–reservoir–foundation system is also presented. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Personality disorders and eating disorders: the prevalence of personality disorders in 176 female outpatients with eating disorders
Authors: Godt Kristine 
Published: August 2002

AbstractObjective:Previous research on the prevalence of personality disorders (PD) in eating disorder (ED) populations has resulted in inconsistent findings. This may be due to methodological problems such as small or selected populations, use of self‐report measures and lack of formal diagnostic criteria, and to differences between populations. In the present study the prevalence of PD is assessed by structured interview in a large outpatient ED sample.Method:Consecutive female outpatients (N = 176) with eating disorders (DSM IV) were assessed by Eating Disorder Examination, Present State Examination, and Structured Clinical Interview for DSM III‐R.Results:Thirty‐three per cent fulfilled DSM III‐R diagnostic criteria for at least one PD. Avoidant and dependent PD were the most common specific PDs.Discussion:The prevalence of PD in ED populations may not be as high as previously thought. This study shows that approximately every third ED patient fulfils criteria for at least one PD. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Volumetric displacement of flow depth by obstacles, and the determination of friction factors in shallow overland flows
Authors: Dunkerley David 
Published: August 2002

AbstractLarge roughness elements such as stones or plant stems (obstacles) influence the depth of overland flows in two ways. The first effect is a dynamic one, involving frictional retardation of the flow and associated reduction in flow speeds. The second influence is static, and arises from the upward volumetric displacement of flow depth because of the submerged volume of the obstacles. Depending upon the distribution of submerged obstacle volume with height above the soil surface, the proportion of the flow volume occupied (and so, the perturbation of flow depth arising from volumetric displacement) can vary irregularly or systematically with flow stage. Furthermore, the amount of volumetric displacement of flow depth would vary among surfaces carrying different cover fractions of identical obstacles. Consequently, estimates of the change in friction factors arising from the drag on flow traversing varying obstacle cover fractions are confounded with the parallel shift volumetric displacement. To understand the true frictional drag arising from obstacles, a correction must be made for the volumetric displacement. A method for making this correction is outlined. New laboratory experiments provide precise observations of depths and friction coefficients in laminar flows passing fields of regular obstacles. After making the proposed correction for volumetric displacement, increases of 40 to 75 per cent in the derived value of the Darcy–Weisbach friction factor, f, are found for an obstacle cover of 20 per cent. Many published studies of friction coefficients in shallow overland flows, such as those on stone‐covered dryland soils, involve larger obstacle cover fractions, and evidently involve the significant confounding effect of volumetric displacement. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of ground‐penetrating radar to the identification of subsurface piping in blanket peat
Authors: Holden J. , Burt T. P. , Vilas M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractNatural soil pipes are common and significant in upland blanket peat catchments yet there are major problems in finding and defining the subsurface pipe networks. This is particularly important because pipeflow can contribute a large proportion of runoff to the river systems in these upland environments and may significantly influence catchment sediment and solute yields. Traditional methods such as digging soil pits are destructive and time‐consuming (particularly in deep peat) and only provide single point sources of information. This paper presents results from an experiment to assess the use of ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) to remotely sense pipes in blanket peat. The technique is shown to be successful in identifying most of the pipes tested in the pilot catchment. Comparison of data on pipes identified by GPR and verified by manual measurement suggests that pipes can be located in the soil profile with a depth accuracy of 20 to 30 cm. GPR‐identified pipes were found throughout the soil profile; however, those within 10–20 cm of the surface could not be identified using the 100 or 200 MHz antennae due to multiple surface reflections. Generally pipes smaller than 10 cm in diameter could not be identified using the technique although modifications are suggested that will allow enhanced resolution. Future work would benefit from the development of dual‐frequency antennae that will allow the combination of high‐resolution data with the depth of penetration required in a wetland environment. The GPR experiment shows that pipe network densities were much greater than could be detected from surface observation alone. Thus, GPR provides a non‐destructive, fast technique which can produce continuous profiles of peat depth and indicate pipe locations across survey transects. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Understanding self‐sufficiency of welfare leavers in Illinois: Elaborating models with psychosocial factors
Authors: Julnes George , Fan Xitao , Hayashi Kentaro 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWith an interest in supporting the existing social capacities of leavers of Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF), this chapter incorporates psychosocial factors into a structural equation model that includes the outcomes of post‐exit employment and TANF recidivism.
2‐Methoxy‐3‐(1′‐methylpropyl)pyrazine, pea odour, from the marine bacterium Halomonas venusta
Authors: Bungert Michael , Jahns Thomas , Becker Hans 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe marine bacterium Halomonas venusta (Deleya venusta) develops a strong odour of fresh peas. Bacteria were cultivated in ZoBell medium with the addition of artificial sea water. Air was purged through the culture vessel and then trapped in a column filled with RP 18 silica gel. 1H‐NMR and GC–MS analysis of the adsorbed volatile revealed 2‐methoxy‐3‐(1′‐methylpropyl)pyrazine (MMPP). The substance was synthesized only in the idiophase. The addition of high amounts of glycine and isoleucine to the ZoBell medium doubled the cell dry weight (1.92 g/l) and raised the yield of MMPP (9.8 mg/l). The presumed intermediate, 2,5‐dioxo‐3‐(1‐methylpropyl)piperazine, was found in the cells growing on agar plates. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Implementation of a stabilized finite element formulation for the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations based on a pressure gradient projection
Authors: Codina Ramon , Blasco Jordi , Buscaglia Gustavo C. , Huerta Antonio 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe discuss in this paper some implementation aspects of a finite element formulation for the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations which allows the use of equal order velocity–pressure interpolations. The method consists in introducing the projection of the pressure gradient and adding the difference between the pressure Laplacian and the divergence of this new field to the incompressibility equation, both multiplied by suitable algorithmic parameters. The main purpose of this paper is to discuss how to deal with the new variable in the implementation of the algorithm. Obviously, it could be treated as one extra unknown, either explicitly or as a condensed variable. However, we take for granted that the only way for the algorithm to be efficient is to uncouple it from the velocity–pressure calculation in one way or another. Here we discuss some iterative schemes to perform this uncoupling of the pressure gradient projection (PGP) from the calculation of the velocity and the pressure, both for the stationary and the transient Navier–Stokes equations. In the first case, the strategies analyzed refer to the interaction of the linearization loop and the iterative segregation of the PGP, whereas in the second the main dilemma concerns the explicit or implicit treatment of the PGP. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Consistency with continuity in conservative advection schemes for free‐surface models
Authors: Gross Edward S. , Bonaventura Luca , Rosatti Giorgio 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe consistency of the discretization of the scalar advection equation with the discretization of the continuity equation is studied for conservative advection schemes coupled to three‐dimensional flows with a free‐surface. Consistency between the discretized free‐surface equation and the discretized scalar transport equation is shown to be necessary for preservation of constants. In addition, this property is shown to hold for a general formulation of conservative schemes. A discrete maximum principle is proven for consistent upwind schemes. Various numerical examples in idealized and realistic test cases demonstrate the practical importance of the consistency with the discretization of the continuity equation. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A stabilized finite element method for the Saint‐Venant equations with application to irrigation
Authors: Hauke Guillermo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWhen the two‐dimensional shallow water equations are applied to solve practical irrigation problems, additional numerical difficulties arise. Large friction coefficients, dry bed conditions and singular infiltration terms engender new challenges which are addressed here to build a finite element method that is robust enough for this type of application. The proposed method is a stabilized formulation based on the symmetric quasi‐linear form and the set of entropy variables. The robustness of the method is increased with a discontinuity capturing operator. A predictor multi‐corrector algorithm is employed to solve the generalized trapezoidal rule. One of the novel features of the present technique is that an ‘explicit’ method has been developed with characteristics of implicit methods, so that the solution can be advanced at a convective CFL number of 1, regardless of the source terms. This leads to an economic procedure. Finally, an entropy production (in) equality is developed, which ensures the correct physical behaviour of the model and helps to determine the correct sign of the infiltration term. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of a minimal deletion interval on chromosome band 8p21 in sporadic prostate cancer†
Authors: Swalwell Jennifer I. , Vocke Cathy D. , Yang Youfeng , Walker Jonathan R. , Grouse Lynette , Myers Stuart H. , Gillespie John W. , Bostwick David G. , Duray Paul H. , Linehan W. Marston , Emmert‐Buck Michael R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractLoss of the short arm of chromosome 8 is a common event in prostatic neoplasms. Previous studies indicate that there may be up to three separate tumor suppressor genes on chromosome arm 8p, based on patterns of allelic loss. The responsible gene or genes have yet to be identified. In the present study, we used laser‐capture microdissection of primary human prostate tumors and 17 microsatellite markers across chromosome band 8p21 to determine a minimal deletion interval. From an initial set of 120 cases, three tumors contained overlapping interstitial deletions on chromosome band 8p21. The three cases define an internally consistent minimal candidate tumor suppressor gene interval of approximately two megabases. Published 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High‐throughput GLGI procedure for converting a large number of serial analysis of gene expression tag sequences into 3′ complementary DNAs
Authors: Chen Jianjun , Lee Sanggyu , Zhou Guolin , Wang San Ming 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSerial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) is a powerful technique for genome‐wide analysis of gene expression. However, two‐thirds of SAGE tags cannot be used directly for gene identification for two reasons. First, many SAGE tags match several known expressed sequences, owing to the short length of SAGE tag sequences. Second, many SAGE tags do not match any known expressed sequences, presumably because the sequences corresponding to these SAGE tags have not been identified. These two problems can be solved by extension of the SAGE tags into 3′ complementary DNAs (cDNAs) by use of the GLGI technique (generation of longer cDNA fragments from SAGE tags for gene identification). We have improved the original GLGI technique into a high‐throughput procedure for simultaneous conversion of a large number of SAGE tags into corresponding 3′ cDNAs. The whole process is simple, rapid, low‐cost, and highly efficient, as shown by our use of this procedure for analyzing hundreds of SAGE tags. In addition to identifying the correct gene for SAGE tags with multiple matches, GLGI can be used for large‐scale identification of novel genes by converting novel SAGE tags into 3′ cDNAs. Applying this high‐throughput procedure should accelerate the rate of gene identification significantly in the human and other eukaryotic genomes. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Frequent loss Xq25 on the inactive X chromosome in primary breast carcinomas is associated with tumor grade and axillary lymph node metastasis
Authors: Piao Zhe , Malkhosyan Sergei R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe previously applied arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction DNA fingerprinting to identify molecular genetic alterations in primary breast carcinomas. One of the most frequently observed fingerprint alterations was a reduction in the intensity of the MCG1‐B2 band in 32% of tumors, indicating recurrent loss of X‐chromosome segments. This article reports a mapping analysis of those chromosomal deletions. The subchromosomal origin of MCG1‐B2 was determined to be the Xq25 chromosomal region. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) analysis was carried out on 72 infiltrating ductal carcinomas with a panel of seven microsatellite markers spanning Xq25. The smallest common region of the X‐chromosome deletions was mapped to between markers DXS8059 and DXS8009, with the highest LOH frequency of 52.4% at the DXS8098 locus. The LOH at DXS8098 was associated with larger tumor size (> 3 cm) (P = 0.048, Fisher exact test), higher histologic grade (P = 0.036, Fisher exact test), and axillary lymph node metastasis (P = 0.020, Fisher exact test). These results suggest that the Xq25 region harbors a putative tumor suppressor gene whose inactivation in breast cancer is associated with tumor progression and metastasis. LOH at this region, therefore, potentially could be used as a prognostic marker for disease development. One of the two X chromosomes is transcriptionally silent in women. The loss of the Xq25 region detected in this study occurred preferentially on the inactive X chromosome. This suggests that the putative tumor suppressor gene may escape X inactivation. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.