bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physician order entry: a mixed blessing to pharmacy?
Authors: Beer Jamie , Dobish Roxanne , Chambers Carole 
Published: March 2003

Objective. The Alberta Cancer Board (ACB) Pharmacy conducted a timing study to determine how electronic prescription ordering impacts the workload in pharmacy in comparison to the current paper system. The objective was to compare the mean time required to review orders generated by an electronic physician order entry system to the existing paper method, and to determine whether such an implementation would decrease pharmacist intervention rates. Methods. Self-reporting and measurement by stopwatch timing were used to record the timing data on the prescription order review process on all outpatient parenteral chemotherapy orders for adults handled within the ACB’s two main tertiary centres for the month of June. The primary endpoint measured was mean pharmacist order review time for manual and electronic orders. The secondary endpoint measured was pharmacist intervention rate for manual and electronic orders. Results. Among all 836 chemotherapy orders reviewed, the mean pharmacist order review time was increased by 5.15 min with the implementation of an electronic order entry system. A total of 62 pharmacist interventions were recorded in the study. The pharmacist intervention rate was 7.14% for the electronic orders and 7.47% for the manual paper orders. Conclusions. The study showed that the implementation of an electronic physician order entry system has significant impacts on pharmacy workload without providing significant reductions in pharmacist intervention rates.
Occupational asthma symptoms and respiratory function among aerial pesticide applicators
Authors: Jones Stacie M. , Burks A. Wesley , Spencer Horace J. , Lensing Shelly , Roberson Paula K. , Gandy Jay , Helm Rick M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackgroundPesticide exposure has been suggested as one causal factor for the rise in asthma prevalence. The goal of this investigation was to determine the effect of pesticide exposure on respiratory symptoms and lung function in workers with occupational exposure to pesticides.MethodsA prospective, case‐controlled study was conducted among pesticide aviators (AV) and community controls (Con). In Phase I, subjects completed an asthma survey and baseline spirometry. In Phase II, subjects reported symptoms, lung function monitoring, and pesticide exposure during two, 14‐day periods.ResultsPhase I—Self‐reported asthma and symptoms were similar among AV (n = 135) and Con (n = 118) with 4–6% prevalence reported but with higher rates among smokers. Baseline lung function was similar; although, a higher proportion of AV had forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) <80% predicted (8% vs. 2%, P = 0.02). Phase II—Self‐reported symptoms were similar with 80% of AV (n = 50) and 73% of Con (n = 49) reporting no symptoms. Only 4% of AV and 6% of controls reported increased symptoms from baseline to spray season. Serial lung function did not differ between group and mean diurnal variation in peak expiratory flow improved in both groups between sampling times (AV 18% vs. 14%; Con 19% vs. 16%, P < 0.001).ConclusionsThis study suggests that among workers with occupational pesticide exposure, asthma symptoms and lung function are similar to those of controls with only community‐based exposure. Am. J. Ind. Med. 43:407–417, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis of novel amphiphilic pyridinylboronic acids
Authors: Matondo Hubert , Baboulène Michel , Rico‐Lattes Isabelle 
Published: March 2003

AbstractNovel 3‐alkoxy‐2‐pyridinylboronic acids bearing, in their 3‐position, linear alkoxy or perfluoroalkoxy chains with n carbon atoms (n = 6, 8, 10, 12 and 18) 2a–2g are synthesized from 2‐bromo‐3‐pyridinol, which is the common starting product. Our alternative procedure for the synthesis of 3‐alkoxy‐2‐bromopyridine in a phase‐transfer catalysis system is to carry out the reaction in a solid–liquid medium in the presence of a quaternary ammonium salt under microwave irradiation. General and versatile synthetic methods have been developed for preparation of a large variety of new 2‐pyridinylboronic acids bearing two alkylated or perfluoroalkylated side chains with an ether junction in the 3‐position. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The competency of criminal defendants to refuse, for delusional reasons, a viable insanity defense recommended by counsel
Authors: Litwack Thomas R. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThis article addresses the issues of whether mentally ill defendants charged with serious crimes who refuse to plead a viable and counsel‐recommended insanity defense for delusional reasons (but who are otherwise competent to stand trial) should be considered to be competent, or incompetent, to stand trial; whether such defendants should be allowed to represent themselves with a delusional defense; and whether an insanity defense may properly be imposed upon such defendants. Based on an analysis of relevant Supreme Court decisions and other relevant cases, it is concluded that such defendants should not be allowed to go forward with a delusional defense (at least until reasonable efforts to treat the defendants' delusions are made). It is also argued, however, that unless an insanity defense would be viable (as well as recommended by counsel) delusional defendants who are otherwise competent to stand trial should be permitted to go forward, and represent themselves, with the defense of their choosing. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polyamino‐Substituted 1‐Oxa‐3,5‐diazahexatrienes and 1‐Oxa‐3,5,7‐triazaoctatetraenes (N‐Acyl‐oligocyanamides): Synthesis, Structures, Cyclovoltammetry and NLO Properties − Experiment and Theory
Authors: Möllers Christian , Prigge Jörg , Wibbeling Birgit , Fröhlich Roland , Brockmeyer Andreas , Schäfer Hans J. , Schmälzlin Elmar , Bräuchle Christoph , Meerholz Klaus , Würthwein Ernst‐Ulrich 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA homologous series of N‐acylcyanamides of the formula R2N−[C(NMe2)=N]n−C(NMe2)=O with n = 1−3 has been prepared among similar amino‐substituted N‐acyl‐oligonitriles by treatment of guanidine 4 with carbamoyl chloride 5 yielding compound 6 (n = 1) and by ring opening of 1,3,5‐oxadiazinium salts 7 with morpholine (8) to give compounds 9 (n = 2) or with guanidine 4 to give compounds 10 (n = 3). The all‐dimethylamino‐substituted compound 10d reacts with ZnCl2 to yield a six‐membered chelate complex 10d·ZnCl2. The molecular structures of 9e,f, 10a−d and 10d·ZnCl2 have been elucidated by X‐ray crystallography and partly by DFT calculations. They deviate strongly from planarity with some examples showing helical structures. From the calculations, 10d is predicted to be a rather strong neutral base. One or two oxidation peaks, depending on the chain length, were observed by cyclic voltammetry. For the most extended derivative 10d a first oxidation potential of 1.12 V was measured. The molecular first hyperpolarizablities β0 were determined by hyper‐Rayleigh scattering (HRS) measurements. The β0 values increase with chain length and reach 5×10−30 esu for the longest derivative 10d. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Complexes of cadmium ion with guanine bases detected by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Moriwaki Hiroshi 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe complexations of cadmium ion with guanine bases were detected by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS). In order to explore the toxicity of cadmium, such as oxidative stress to DNA and carcinogenesis, it is very important to determine the interactions between the cadmium ion and nucleotide. The analysis of mixed cadmium ion–guanosine aqueous solution (molar ratio 1 : 9) using ESI‐MS (cone voltage 20 V) showed the presence of various cadmium complex ions, such as [n (guanosine) + Cd]2+ (n = 3–8), [2guanine + Cd]2+, [guanosine + guanine + Cd]2+ and [guanosine + 2guanine + Cd]2+. The observed [2guanine + Cd]2+, [guanosine + guanine + Cd]2+ and [guanosine + guanine + Cd]2+ ions are formed through the dissociation of the N–glycoside bond at the interface of ESI‐MS. For deoxyguanosine and ethylguanine, similar cadmium complexes were observed. However, the complexes between the cadmium ion and 8‐hydroxydeoxyguanosine were not detected. Furthermore, when a higher molar ratio (Cd : guanosine) or cone voltage were used, more of the monovalent ion peaks, such as [Cd(guanine − H)2 + H]+ and [Cd(guanosine − H)2 + H]+, were observed and a decrease in the abundance of the divalent ions, such as [n(guanosine)+Cd]2+, occurred. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Toward the development of a standard e‐readiness assessment policy
Authors: Bakry Saad Haj 
Published: March 2003

AbstractInformation networking for digital integration is becoming of increasing importance for national and international organizations concerned with
development. E‐Readiness assessments, for various countries, are associated with the investigation of their state of readiness for such
integration. They help in understanding the problems that need to be resolved in order to avoid digital divide, or even digital isolation, from
world development. Such assessments lack standard policies, which provide unified measures that ease evaluations, support analysis and comparisons,
and help in diagnosing problems and deriving solutions. This paper is concerned with the development of a standard e‐readiness assessment
policy. It provides a base for the development of such a policy, and hopes that this base will contribute to a future standard international
policy. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stereoselective Isomerization of Tetrakistrifluoromethyl Tetraaryl [4]Radialenes to the Type II (All-Z) Isomers
Authors: Uno Hidemitsu , Nibu Nobumasa , Yamaoka Youtarou , Mizobe Noboru 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Coupling reaction of 2-aryl-1,1-dibromo-3,3,3-trifluoropropenes using zinc and copper(I) bromide gave [4]radialenes in almost statistic ratios in addition to [3]cumulenes. Thermal dimerization of the cumulenes in neat gave mixtures of four isomeric [4]radialenes in moderate yields. When the isomers were heated in solid at appropriate temperatures, thermal isomerization occurred to afford type II (all-Z) isomers of [4]radialenes in high selectivity.
1,2,3,5,7-Pentaselena-4,6,8-triphosphocane as the Revised Structure for “3,4,5-Triselenoxo-1,2-diselena-3,4,5-triphospholane” Determined by X-Ray Analysis
Authors: Yoshifuji Masaaki , Higeta Naru , An De-Lie , Toyota Kozo 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
The structure of a new type of phosphorus-selenium containing eight-membered heterocyclic compound, 1,2,3,5,7-pentaselena-4,6,8-triphosphocane, was unambiguously determined by the X-ray analysis as the revised structure for the 3,4,5-triselenoxo-1,2-diselena-3,4,5-triphospholane, which had been previously proposed as a selenation reagent of amides to selenoamides.
Radical Anions of Oligogermanes, Me(Me2Ge)nMe (n=2,3,5, and 10) Generated by Pulse Radiolysis
Authors: Mochida Kunio , Hata Rieko , Chiba Hiromi , Seki Shuhei , Yoshida Yohichi , Tagawa Seiichi 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Radical anions of permethylated oligogermanes, Me(Me2Ge)nMe (n=2,3,5, and 10) by pulse radiolysis technique showed two transient absorption bands in the UV-Vis and NIR regions. Their absorption maxima shifted to longer wavelengths with increasing the Ge-Ge chain in the permethylated oligogermanes.
Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles by Decomposition of Zinc Peroxide
Authors: Uekawa Naofumi , Kajiwara Jyunichi , Mochizuki Naomi , Kakegawa Kazuyuki , Sasaki Yoshinori 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Zinc peroxide sols were prepared by the peptization of Zn(OH)2 using 1 mol/L of H2O2 aqueous solution at 348 K for 2 h. Firing the dried sol powder at 573 K for 2 h formed almost monodispersed ZnO nanoparticles whose average diameter was 19 nm.
Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Ligands 1,2-Bis(salicylideneaminooxy)ethanes
Authors: Akine Shigehisa , Taniguchi Takanori , Nabeshima Tatsuya 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Novel ligands 1,2-bis(salicylideneaminooxy)ethanes were synthesized. They were much more stable against exchange reactions of aldehyde units than the corresponding salen derivatives. They form stable complexes with a copper(II) ion, whose structures were crystallographically determined. Spectroscopic and electrochemical studies indicated that the complexes have lower LUMO levels than salen analogues.
Synthesis of Orthorhombic LiMnO2 Material and Its Optimization
Authors: Lee Yun Sung , Sun Yang Kook , Yoshio Masaki 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Orthorhombic LiMnO2 was synthesized using LiOH and γ-MnOOH at 1000 °C in the argon flow by quenching method. X-ray diffraction revealed that the LiMnO2 showed a well-defined orthorhombic phase of a space group with Pmnm. The lattice constants were a = 2.806 Å, b = 5.750 Å, and c = 4.593 Å. The LiMnO2 after grinding delivered 212 mAh/g in the 9th cycle and still delivered 200 mAh/g after 50 cycles at room temperature. The well-defined orthorhombic LiMnO2 by the quenching method exhibited an excellent cycle performance.
Hydrodechlorination of Trichloromethane to Higher Hydrocarbons over Pd/SiO2 Catalyst
Authors: Mori Tohru , Kikuchi Takashi , Kubo Jun , Morikawa Yutaka 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Pd/SiO2 catalyzed C–C bond formation selectively to give C2–C7 hydrocarbons in the hydrodechlorination of CHCl3. The produced hydrocarbons followed well the Schultz–Flory distribution, indicating that the hydrocarbons were formed via polymerization of surface C1 species such as methylene group.
Wechselwirkungen mit aromatischen Ringen in chemischen und biologischen Erkennungsprozessen
Authors: Meyer Emmanuel A. , Castellano Ronald K. , Diederich François 
Published: March 2003

AbstractZwischenmolekulare Wechselwirkungen unter Beteiligung aromatischer Ringe sind Schlüsselvorgänge sowohl in chemischen als auch in biologischen Erkennungsprozessen. Ihr Verständnis ist für das rationale Wirkstoffdesign und für die Leitstrukturoptimierung in der Medizinischen Chemie essenziell. Unterschiedliche Ansätze werden für ein tiefergehendes Verständnis der strukturellen und energetischen Parameter einzelner Erkennungsarten mit aromatischen Substraten verfolgt: erwähnt seien biologische Untersuchungen, Studien der molekularen Erkennung mit künstlichen Rezeptoren, Suchen in kristallographischen Datenbanken, Gasphasenstudien und theoretische Untersuchungen. Dieser Aufsatz versucht, diese Wissensgebiete zu vereinen und die aus zahlreichen Untersuchungen gewonnenen Erkenntnisse zusammenzufassen. Er widmet sich hauptsächlich Beispielen mit biologischer Relevanz mit dem Ziel, die für die Wirkstoffentwicklung wichtigen Kenntnisse der molekularen Erkennung zu vertiefen.
Short communication: Thermal stability of the diazohydroborate [1‐N2B10H9]−: degradation to [B20H18]2− anion
Authors: Naoufal Daoud , Bonnetot Bernard , Mongeot Henri 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe thermal stability of the monodiazohydroborate NMe4[1‐N2B10H9] was studied by thermogravimetric analysis. Under two different atmospheres (air and argon), the thermal decomposition starts at a temperature between 140 and 160 °C. The decomposition residue obtained was separated on a silica gel column. 11B NMR, IR and electrospray mass spectroscopy analyses of the different fractions separated showed that the above decomposition produces (NMe4)2[B20H18] as major product (90%), along with smaller amounts of residual NMe4[1‐N2B10H9] (5%), (NMe4)2[B12H12] and boric acid. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Differentiating sex offences: a behaviorally based thematic classification of stranger rapes
Authors: Canter David V. , Bennell Craig , Alison Laurence J. , Reddy Steve 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIt is hypothesized that stranger rape victim statements will reveal a scale of violation experienced by the victim, ranging from personal violation, through to physical violation, and finally, at the most extreme level, sexual violation. It is also hypothesized that offences can be differentiated in terms of one of four themes: hostile, controlling, stealing, or involving. To test these hypotheses, crime scene data from 112 rapes were analyzed by the multi‐dimensional scaling procedure Smallest Space Analysis. The results provide empirical support for a composite model of rape consisting of four behavioral themes as different expressions of various intensities of violation. The results also suggest that stranger rapes may be less about power and control than about hostility and pseudo‐intimacy. The proposed model has implications for the classification of rape, the investigation of sexual crimes, and the treatment of victims. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural, Photophysical, and Electrophosphorescent Properties of Platinum(II) Complexes Supported by Tetradentate N2O2 Chelates
Authors: Lin Yong‐Yue , Chan Siu‐Chung , Chan Michael C. W. , Hou Yuan‐Jun , Zhu Nianyong , Che Chi‐Ming , Liu Yu , Wang Yue 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe present an examination of the structural and photophysical characteristics of [Pt(N2O2)] complexes bearing bis(phenoxy)diimine auxiliaries (diimine=4,7‐Ph2phen (1) and 4,4′‐tBu2bpy (2)) that are tetradentate relatives of the quinolinolato (q) ligand. These neutral derivatives display high thermal stability (>400 °C in N2). While the crystal lattice in 1 consists of (head‐to‐tail)‐interacting dimers, molecules of 2 are arranged into infinitely stacked planar sheets with possible π–π interactions but no close Pt⋅⋅⋅Pt contacts. Complexes 1 and 2 exhibit moderately intense low‐energy UV/Vis absorptions around λ=400–500 nm that undergo negative solvatochromic shifts. Both derivatives are highly luminescent in solution at 298 K with emission lifetimes in the μs range, and mixed 3[l→π*(diimine)] (l=lone pair/phenoxide) and 3[Pt(d)→π*(diimine)] charge‐transfer states are tentatively assigned. The excited‐state properties of 2 are also investigated by time‐resolved absorption spectroscopy and by quenching experiments with pyridinium acceptors to estimate the excited‐state redox potential. These emitters have been employed as electrophosphorescent dopants in multilayer OLEDs. Differences between the brightness, color, and overall performance of devices incorporating 1 and 2 are attributed to the influence of the diimine substituents.
Shape and Symmetry of Heptacoordinate Transition‐Metal Complexes: Structural Trends
Authors: Casanova David , Alemany Pere , Bofill Josep M. , Alvarez Santiago 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe stereochemistries of heptacoordinate transition‐metal complexes are analyzed by using continuous symmetry and shape measures of their coordination spheres. The distribution of heptacoordination through the transition‐metal series is presented based on structural database searches including organometallic and Werner‐type molecular complexes, metalloproteins, and extended solids. The most common polyhedron seems to be the pentagonal bipyramid, while different preferences are found for specific families of compounds, as in the complexes with three or four carbonyl or phosphine ligands, which prefer the capped octahedron or the capped trigonal prism rather than the pentagonal bipyramid. The symmetry maps for heptacoordination are presented and shown to be helpful for detecting stereochemical trends. The maximal symmetry interconversion pathways between the three most common polyhedra are defined in terms of symmetry constants and a large number of experimental structures are seen to fall along those paths.
Characterization of the 310‐Helix in Model Peptides by HRMAS NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Lancelot Nathalie , Elbayed Karim , Raya Jésus , Piotto Martial , Briand Jean‐Paul , Formaggio Fernando , Toniolo Claudio , Bianco Alberto 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA tetra‐ and a hepta‐homopeptide from the Cα‐tetrasubstituted Aib (α‐aminoisobutyric acid) residue were covalently linked to the POEPOP resin by the fragment‐condensation approach. The conformational preferences of the two model peptides were determined for the first time on a solid support by means of high‐resolution magic angle spinning NMR spectroscopy. The results obtained indicate that the Aib homopeptides adopt a regular 310‐helical structure even when they are covalently bound to a polymeric matrix, and thus confirm the remarkable conformational stability of the peptides rich in this amino acid. An ATR‐FTIR spectroscopic investigation, performed in parallel, also confirmed that these polymer‐bound peptides do indeed adopt a helical conformation. The results of this study open the possibility to exploit the peptide‐resin conjugates based on Cα‐tetrasubstituted α‐amino acids as helpful, structurally organized templates in molecular recognition studies or as catalysts in asymmetric synthesis.
Observations on the Synthesis of Photochromic Naphthopyrans
Authors: Gabbutt Christopher D. , Heron B. Mark , Instone Alicia C. , Thomas David A. , Partington Steven M. , Hursthouse Michael B. , Gelbrich Thomas 
Published: March 2003

Abstract1‐Naphthol reacts with 1,1‐diarylprop‐2‐yn‐1‐ols 5a,b, under alumina catalysis, by two pathways to give the photochromic naphtho[1,2‐b]pyrans 6a,b, together with the propenylidenenaphthalenones 7a,b, representatives of a new class of merocyanine dyes. With 2‐methyl‐1‐naphthol, formation of the photochrome is suppressed; the only products are merocyanines 7c,d. The cyclocondensation of 2‐naphthol with 5a,b proceeds much more efficiently, to give the naphtho[2,1‐b]pyrans 14a,b. Pyran formation is not suppressed from either 1‐bromo‐ or 1‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐2‐naphthol; reaction with 5a,b merely results in expulsion of the C‐1 substituent. An alternative pathway supervenes in the reaction of 1‐methyl‐2‐naphthol with 5a to give the benz[e]indanone 17, the constitution of which was determined by X‐ray crystallography. Reaction of the 1,3,3‐triarylpropynols 19a,b with 1‐naphthol affords the naphthopyrans 20 together with merocyanines 21, whilst the isomeric pyrans 23 are efficiently produced from 2‐naphthol. The configuration of merocyanines 7a and 21a was unequivocally established by X‐ray crystallography. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)