bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Colonization of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria increases risk of surgical site infection after hemorrhoidectomy: a cross-sectional study of two centers in southern China
Authors: Li Jian-guo , Gao Li-lian , Wang Cun-chuan , Tu Jia-min , Chen Wen-hui , Wu Xiang-lin , Wu Jin-xia 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The present study aims to determine the rectoanal colonization rate and risk factors for the colonization of present multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDRBs). In addition, the relationship between MDRB colonization and surgical site infection (SSI) following hemorrhoidectomy was explored.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Colorectal Surgery of two hospitals. Patients with hemorrhoid disease, who underwent hemorrhoidectomy, were included. The pre-surgical screening of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (MDR-GNB) colonization was performed using rectal swabs on the day of admission. Then, the MDRB colonization rate was determined through the rectal swab. Logistic regression models were established to determine the risk factors for MDRB colonization and SSI after hemorrhoidectomy. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results
A total of 432 patients met the inclusion criteria, and the MDRB colonization prevalence was 21.06% (91/432). The independent risk factors for MDRB colonization were as follows: patients who received ≥ 2 categories of antibiotic treatment within 3 months (odds ratio (OR): 3.714, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.436–9.605, p = 0.007), patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD; OR: 6.746, 95% CI: 2.361–19.608, p < 0.001), and patients with high serum uric acid (OR: 1.006, 95% CI: 1.001–1.010, p = 0.017). Furthermore, 41.57% (37/89) of MDRB carriers and 1.81% (6/332) of non-carriers developed SSIs, with a total incidence of 10.21% (43/421). Based on the multivariable model, the rectoanal colonization of MDRBs (OR: 32.087, 95% CI: 12.052–85.424, p < 0.001) and hemoglobin < 100 g/L (OR: 4.130, 95% CI: 1.556–10.960, p = 0.004) were independently associated with SSI after hemorrhoidectomy.

Conclusion
The rectoanal colonization rate of MDRBs in hemorrhoid patients is high, and this was identified as an independent risk factor for SSI after hemorrhoidectomy.
Comparative Research on Nonprofit Organizations and Sectors: Looking Back and Looking Forward
Authors: Anheier Helmut K. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWhile comparative research on nonprofit organizations has made much progress since the launch of the Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project in 1990, there now seems to be a loss of momentum. Some of the reasons for this have to do with aspects of definition, classification, and aggregation that can be corrected. The main issue, however, is the lack of progress in advancing comparative nonprofit sector theories beyond the social origins theory. To remedy this, the essay proposes four ways forward as part of a new research agenda.
Effect of Solution Heat-Treatment on the Oxidation Resistance of Ni-Base Single-Crystal Superalloy
Authors: Tabata Chihiro , Osada Toshio , Yokokawa Tadaharu , Ikeda Ayako , Kawagishi Kyoko , Suzuki Shinsuke 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTo clarify the effect of solution heat-treatment on the oxidation resistance of Ni-base single-crystal superalloy TMS-238, the evaluation of dendrite/inter-dendrite segregation of alloying elements in the as-cast and heat-treated samples, and its effect on cyclic oxidation resistance were investigated. Cyclic oxidation test results at 1100 °C for up to 150 cycles clearly showed that the as-cast samples with element segregations had lower oxidation resistance compared to heat-treated samples with homogeneous structure. Further, for the as-cast sample, rapid growth and spallation of oxide consisting of NiO, Cr2O3, and Al2O3 were observed around the dendrite core for 10 cycles of oxidation. Analysis of sub-surface on sample isothermally oxidized at 1100 °C for 10 minutes showed that rapid oxide growth is due to the formation of discontinuous Al2O3 layer at dendrite core with lower Al concentration. Furthermore, in this study, the threshold value of Al concentration and Gibbs energy for the formation of continuous Al2O3 layer were estimated and determined to be around 5.2 wt pct and − 556.6 ± 0.5 kJ/mol, respectively. This indicated that the solution heat-treatment for TMS-238 should be conducted above 1305 °C for exhibiting oxidation resistance at 1100 °C, to meet the threshold value within the whole region between dendrite and inter-dendrite.
Glazing of 3D-Printed Silica to Reduce Surface Roughness and Permeability
Authors: Åkerfeldt Erika , Thornell Greger 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe advantages that 3D printing brings to the development and production of customized structures make it suitable for use in the space industry, since spacecraft components are rarely produced in large series. This work explores the use of stereolithography printing of a silica resin for microfluidic applications, in particular small-scale microthrusters, where an impermeable high-temperature material with a smooth surface is required. The printing accuracy, firing shrinkage, surface roughness and permeability of 3D-printed ceramic samples were investigated. Furthermore, glazing of the ceramic material with a stoneware glaze was performed and evaluated with respect to its effect on surface roughness and gas permeability. Open microchannels with diameter down to 250 µm were obtained. However, the accuracy was poor. Surface roughness (Sa) of the unglazed material was between 2.4 and 20 µm in green state and 4.2-16 µm after firing, depending on the layer thickness and printing angle of the sample. Half of the unglazed samples were permeable, owing to porous areas at the interfaces between the printed layers. Two glazing methods were investigated: dip coating and airbrushing. For the latter, two amounts of coatings were explored. Dip coating and airbrushing with the larger amount of coatings resulted in uniform and smooth glaze layers. The smoothest surfaces, with Sa less than 0.2 µm, were obtained using airbrushing. Glazing made all samples impermeable, no matter the method used. Finally, the potential of the material in the suggested application was demonstrated through operation of a printed and glazed microthruster nozzle.
MiR-1a-3p Inhibits Apoptosis in Fluoride-exposed LS8 Cells by Targeting Map3k1
Authors: Chen Ting , Gu Yu , Bai Guo-Hui , Liu Xia , Chen Bin , Fan Qin , Liu Jian-Guo , Tian Yuan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDental fluorosis is a common chemical disease. It is currently unclear how fluorosis occurs at the molecular level. We used miRNA-seq to look at the differences between miRNAs in the cell line of ameloblasts LS8 that had been treated with 3.2 mmol/L NaF. We also performed gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses. miR-1a-3p levels were significantly lower in mouse LS8 cells treated with 3.2 mmol/L NaF, and miR-1a-3p-targeted genes were significantly enriched in the MAPK pathway. LS8 cells were divided into four groups: control, NaF, NaF+miR-1a-3p mimics, and NaF+miR-1a-3p mimics normal control groups. Cellular morphology was observed by an inverted microscope, and the proliferation activity of LS8 cells was assessed by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8). Using the real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), transcription levels of miR-1a-3p and Map3k1 were detected. The expressions of Bax, Bcl-2, Map3k1, p38MAPK, ERK1/2, p-p38MAPK, and p-ERK1/2 were measured by Western blot. After bioinformatics analysis, we used a luciferase reporter assay (LRA) to validate the target of miR-1a-3p, showing that miR-1a-3p could inhibit apoptosis while increasing proliferation in fluoride-exposed LS8 cells. Generally, miR-1a-3p might directly inhibit Map3k1, reduce MAPK signal pathway activation, and promote phosphorylation. Thus, our findings revealed that the interaction of miR-1a-3p with its target gene Map3k1 and MAPK signal pathway might decrease the apoptosis of LS8 cells treated with 3.2 mmol/L NaF.
The Past in Present African Urban Mobility Systems: Towards a Mobilities Longue Durée
Authors: Morgan Njogu , Rink Bradley 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBuilding on the notion that mobility plays a critical role in everyday urban life in Africa as elsewhere, this editorial provides an introduction to the special collection ‘The Past in Present African Urban Mobility Systems’. As we introduce the papers in this collection, we argue for an understanding of contemporary urban mobility systems that account for their historical roots. While historians of African transport have provided insights into the origins of mobility systems on the continent, we wish to animate the contemporary experience of those systems, advocating for a mobilitieslongue durée.
Shorebird Abundance is Associated with Nutritional Quality of Intertidal Biofilm on the Fraser River Estuary
Authors: Drever Mark C. , Mogle Matthew J. , Douglas Tristan J. , Flemming Scott A. , Hamilton Diana J. , Liefer Justin D. , Elner Robert W. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDense congregations of shorebirds forage on tidal flats during long-distance migration, and their abundance is presumed to mirror the underlying ecological conditions. We quantified the nutritional content of intertidal biofilm (a thin layer of microalgae, bacteria, and other microorganisms embedded in a mucilaginous matrix that sits on the surface of tidal flats) to assess whether biofilm biomass, macronutrient content (lipid, protein, and carbohydrate), or both, provide a measure of habitat quality for migrating shorebirds. We compared shorebird use, biofilm biomass, macronutrient content, and stable isotope signatures at two mudflats on the Fraser River estuary, British Columbia, Canada, during summer 2020 (southward migration) and spring 2021 (northward migration). The abundances of Western Sandpiper (Calidris mauri) and Dunlin (Calidris alpina) were consistently higher (6–100×) at Brunswick Point relative to the Iona Foreshore site during both migration periods. Biofilm biomass (chlorophyll a) was 2× higher at Brunswick Point than Iona Foreshore during southward migration, and was similar between sites during northward migration, suggesting biofilm biomass alone was not a main determinant of shorebird use of these sites. Macronutrient content (lipid, protein, and carbohydrate) in intertidal biofilm was 1.4× to 3.8× higher at Brunswick Point than Iona Foreshore during both migration periods, indicating an association between macronutrient content and shorebird use. Carbohydrate content was higher during southward migration at both tidal flats, whereas protein and lipid content at Iona Foreshore did not show significant differences between years or migration periods. Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope signatures during spring 2021 did not differ between the two sites, suggesting that nutrients had similar relative inputs from marine and freshwater sources. While our comparative study does not eliminate alternative explanations that might act concomitantly (e.g., invertebrate abundance, predation risk, and disturbance), our results are consistent with the hypothesis that small-bodied shorebirds are more abundant at sites where intertidal biofilm has high macronutrient content. The latter can vary in complex ways depending on the taxonomic composition and physiological state of the microphytobenthos. Thus, the nutritional “quality” of intertidal biofilm can serve as a useful measure for determining restoration goals for tidal flats or assessing coastal areas for development projects.
Nodular Thyroid Tissue Implantation in Breast After Endoscopic Thyroidectomy
Authors: Zhu Fanshuang , Ma Zhaosheng , Wu Zenggui , Cao Feilin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThyroid implantation after endoscopic thyroidectomy were rarely reported. In this case, we report a patient with benign thyroid tissue implantation after endoscopic thyroidectomy.
4D Flow Patterns and Relative Pressure Distribution in a Left Ventricle Model by Shake-the-Box and Proper Orthogonal Decomposition Analysis
Authors: Wu Xiaolin , Saaid Hicham , Voorneveld Jason , Claessens Tom , Westenberg Jos J. M. , de Jong Nico , Bosch Johan G. , Kenjereš Saša 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Intraventricular blood flow dynamics are associated with cardiac function. Accurate, noninvasive, and easy assessments of hemodynamic quantities (such as velocity, vortex, and pressure) could be an important addition to the clinical diagnosis and treatment of heart diseases. However, the complex time-varying flow brings many challenges to the existing noninvasive image-based hemodynamic assessments. The development of reliable techniques and analysis tools is essential for the application of hemodynamic biomarkers in clinical practice.

Methods
In this study, a time-resolved particle tracking method, Shake-the-Box, was applied to reconstruct the flow in a realistic left ventricle (LV) silicone model with biological valves. Based on the obtained velocity, 4D pressure field was calculated using a Poisson equation-based pressure solver. Furthermore, flow analysis by proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) of the 4D velocity field has been performed.

Results
As a result of the Shake-the-Box algorithm, we have extracted: (i) particle positions, (ii) particle tracks, and finally, (iii) 4D velocity fields. From the latter, the temporal evolution of the 3D pressure field during the full cardiac cycle was obtained. The obtained maximal pressure difference extracted along the base-to-apex was about 2.7 mmHg, which is in good agreement with those reported in vivo. The POD analysis results showed a clear picture of different scale of vortices in the pulsatile LV flow, together with their time-varying information and corresponding kinetic energy content. To reconstruct 95% of the kinetic energy of the LV flow, only the first six POD modes would be required, leading to significant data reduction.

Conclusions
This work demonstrated Shake-the-Box is a promising technique to accurately reconstruct the left ventricle flow field in vitro. The good spatial and temporal resolutions of the velocity measurements enabled a 4D reconstruction of the pressure field in the left ventricle. The application of POD analysis showed its potential in reducing the complexity of the high-resolution left ventricle flow measurements. For future work, image analysis, multi-modality flow assessments, and the development of new flow-derived biomarkers can benefit from fast and data-reducing POD analysis.
Numerical investigation of generalized tempered-type integrodifferential equations with respect to another function
Authors: Qiu Wenlin , Nikan Omid , Avazzadeh Zakieh 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis paper studies two efficient numerical methods for the generalized tempered integrodifferential equation with respect to another function. The proposed methods approximate the unknown solution through two phases. First, the backward Euler (BE) method and first-order interpolation quadrature rule are adopted to approximate the temporal derivative and generalized tempered integral term to construct a semi-discrete BE scheme. Second, the backward differentiation formula (BDF) and second-order interpolation quadrature rule are adopted to establish a semi-discrete second-order BDF (BDF2) scheme. Additionally, the stability and convergence of two semi-discrete methods are deduced in detail. To further demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed techniques, fully discrete BE and BDF2 finite difference schemes are formulated. Subsequently, the theoretical results of two fully discrete difference schemes are presented. Finally, the numerical results demonstrate the accuracy and competitiveness of the theoretical analysis.
Self-compassion as a Mechanism to Facilitate the Adjustment of first-year Students to University Environments
Authors: Naidoo Pravani , Oosthuizen Maroné 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDespite high enrolment rates at higher education institutions, a perturbing number of first-year university students discontinue their studies. As first-year students constitute a vulnerable group, it is important to investigate ways in which to facilitate their adjustment to university. Extant research within student populations, including first-year students, deems self-compassion to be a robust protective factor in adjustment to university. However, studies rely largely on quantitative research designs, overlooking the voices and everyday experiences of first-year students. Accordingly, this study aimed to qualitatively explore experiences and practices of self-compassion amongst first-year students when faced with the challenges of adjusting to university. To capture in-depth, rich, thick contextual data, 12 South African first-year students participated in semi-structured interviews in their first semester, while follow-up interviews were conducted with 9 participants in the second semester. Themes generated through reflexive thematic analysis highlighted the yin and yang of self-compassion as a valuable conceptual tool to understand and promote first-year students’ experiences and practices of self-compassion. Further, students’ experiences of self-compassion are more nuanced and contradictory than previous research has indicated. Lastly, receiving social support and being self-compassionate constitute reciprocal processes that students engage with in distinct ways, affecting both the depth and breadth of their experiences. Based on this research, self-compassion is vital for strengths-based mental health programmes amongst first-year students. Programmes should promote the practice of the yin and the yang of self-compassion, foster an accepting approach to experiences, and recognise the nuanced, potentially contradictory nature of self-compassion.
Application of biological assays to evaluate the aquatic toxicity of a WWTP effluent in Western Cape, South Africa
Authors: Mlonyeni Sihle , Pereao Omoniyi , Opeolu Beatrice 
Published: October 2023

AbstractManagement of wastewater from diverse sources are important because effluents are discharged into the aquatic environment after treatment. In this study, the water quality of the Veldwachters River and associated ecotoxicity risks of the wastewater treatment plant’s (WWTP) effluent were evaluated. Physicochemical characterisation over four seasons and ecological risk assessment of WWTP’s effluent using aquatic organisms comprising of the producer Raphidocelis subcapitata, consumer Daphnia magna and decomposer Tetrahymena thermophila as experimental models were investigated. The crustaceans were subjected to 48 h exposure for mortality while both algae and the protozoan were exposed for growth inhibitions at 72 h and 24 h respectively. Physicochemical characteristics were within regulatory limits. Growth inhibition was observed in autumn and winter for R. subcapitata and in summer and spring for T. thermophila. Crustaceans D. magna (consumer) was classified as Class III (acute toxicity) for the effluent in all seasons. Meanwhile, the most sensitive organism in the applied battery of biotests was the protozoan T. thermophila (decomposer), demonstrating a toxic unit (TU) > 100, while R. subcapitata and D. magna demonstrated 1 TU < 10. These results showed that the effluent have potential toxicological effects on aquatic organisms and provided insights into the required intervention strategies for pollution reduction.
Graphical abstract
Partisan Epistemology and Misplaced Trust
Authors: Millar Boyd 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The fact that each of us has significantly greater confidence in the claims of co-partisans – those belonging to groups with which we identify – explains, in large part, why so many people believe a significant amount of the misinformation they encounter. It's natural to assume that such misinformed partisan beliefs typically involve a rational failure of some kind, and philosophers and psychologists have defended various accounts of the nature of the rational failure purportedly involved. I argue that none of the standard diagnoses of the irrationality of misinformed partisan beliefs is convincing, but I also argue that we ought to reject attempts to characterize these beliefs as rational or consistent with epistemic virtue. Accordingly, I defend an alternative diagnosis of the relevant epistemic error. Specifically, I maintain that such beliefs typically result when an individual evaluating testimony assigns more weight to co-partisanship than he ought to under the circumstances, and consequently believes the testimony of co-partisans when better alternatives are available.
Inactivation and/or physical removal of Candida auris from floors by detergent cleaner, disinfectants, microfiber, and ultraviolet C light (UV-C)
Authors: Rutala William A. , Bolomey Austin C. , Cadnum Jennifer L. , Donskey Curtis J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractContaminated surfaces may be a source of transmission for the globally emerging pathogen, Candida auris. Because floors may be a source of C. auris contamination on hands, strategies for inactivating or removing C. auris from floors were investigated. A sporicidal disinfectant and UV-C were most effective in inactivating C. auris on floors.
Robustness of energy landscape control to dephasing
Authors: O’Neil Sean P. , Langbein Frank C. , Jonckheere Edmond , Shermer S. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
As shown in previous work, in some cases closed quantum systems exhibit a non-conventional absence of trade-off between performance and robustness in the sense that controllers with the highest fidelity can also provide the best robustness to parameter uncertainty. As the dephasing induced by the interaction of the system with the environment guides the evolution to a more classically mixed state, it is worth investigating what effect the introduction of dephasing has on the relationship between performance and robustness. In this paper we analyze the robustness of the fidelity error, as measured by the logarithmic sensitivity function, to dephasing processes. We show that introduction of dephasing as a perturbation to the nominal unitary dynamics requires a modification of the log-sensitivity formulation used to measure robustness about an uncertain parameter with nonzero nominal value used in previous work. We consider controllers optimized for a number of target objectives ranging from fidelity under coherent evolution to fidelity under dephasing dynamics to determine the extent to which optimizing for a specific regime has desirable effects in terms of robustness. Our analysis is based on two independent computations of the log-sensitivity: a statistical Monte Carlo approach and an analytic calculation. We show that despite the different log-sensitivity calculations employed in this study, both demonstrate that the log-sensitivity of the fidelity error to dephasing results in a conventional trade-off between performance and robustness.
Counting the State: State Resistance and Federal Enumeration of Latinos 1930–1970
Authors: Jacobson Robin Dale 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBetween 1930 and 1980, the U.S. census bureau moved from using a Mexican as a racial category to Hispanic as an ethnicity. In between, the census bureau tried multiple ways to count Mexican Americans, Spanish Americans, or Latinos. Each measure the bureau tried ran headlong into differing subnational understandings of ethnicity, race, and Americanness. To understand Latino racial formation in this critical period, then, requires looking to the states. This paper explores the census counts in the southwest states between 1930 and 1970. Contextualizing these numbers with a history of differing state policies on language, marriage, and political inclusion reveals the importance of state-specific understandings of race and identity to understanding United States racial formation.