bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Common computations for metacognition and meta-metacognition
Authors: Zheng Yunxuan , Recht Samuel , Rahnev Dobromir 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Recent evidence shows that people have the meta-metacognitive ability to evaluate their metacognitive judgments of confidence. However, it is unclear whether meta-metacognitive judgments are made by a different system and rely on a separate set of computations compared to metacognitive judgments. To address this question, we asked participants (N = 36) to perform a perceptual decision-making task and provide (i) an object-level, Type-1 response about the identity of the stimulus; (ii) a metacognitive, Type-2 response (low/high) regarding their confidence in their Type-1 decision; and (iii) a meta-metacognitive, Type-3 response (low/high) regarding the quality of their Type-2 rating. We found strong evidence for the existence of Type-3, meta-metacognitive ability. In a separate condition, participants performed an identical task with only a Type-1 response followed by a Type-2 response given on a 4-point scale. We found that the two conditions produced equivalent results such that the combination of binary Type-2 and binary Type-3 responses acts similar to a 4-point Type-2 response. Critically, while Type-2 evaluations were subject to metacognitive noise, Type-3 judgments were made at no additional cost. These results suggest that it is unlikely that there is a distinction between Type-2 and Type-3 systems (metacognition and meta-metacognition) in perceptual decision-making and, instead, a single system can be flexibly adapted to produce both Type-2 and Type-3 evaluations recursively.
Analysis of treatment sequence and outcomes in patients with relapsed malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors
Authors: Zhang Lindy , Lemberg Kathryn M , Calizo Ana , Varadhan Ravi , Siegel Alan H , Meyer Christian F , Blakeley Jaishri O , Pratilas Christine A 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST) are aggressive soft tissue sarcomas originating from cellular components within the nerve sheath. The incidence of MPNST is highest in people with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), and MPNST is the leading cause of death for these individuals. Complete surgical resection is the only curative therapeutic option, but is often unfeasible due to tumor location, size, or presence of metastases. Evidence-based choices of chemotherapy for recurrent/refractory MPNST remain elusive. To address this gap, we conducted a retrospective analysis of our institutional experience in treating patients with relapsed MPNST in order to describe patient outcomes related to salvage regimens.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective electronic health record analysis of patients with MPNST who were treated at Johns Hopkins Hospital from January 2010 to June 2021. We calculated time to progression (TTP) based on salvage chemotherapy regimens.

Results
Sixty-five patients were included in the analysis. Upfront therapy included single or combined modalities of surgery, chemotherapy, or radiotherapy. Forty-eight patients received at least 1 line of chemotherapy, which included 23 different regimens (excluding active clinical studies). Most patients (n = 42, 87.5%) received a combination of doxorubicin, ifosfamide, or etoposide as first-line chemotherapy. Salvage chemotherapy regimens and their TTP varied greatly, with irinotecan/temozolomide-based regimens having the longest average TTP (255.5 days, among 4 patients).

Conclusions
Patients with advanced or metastatic MPNST often succumb to their disease despite multiple lines of therapy. These data may be used as comparative information in decision-making for future patients and clinical trials.
Why do mothers mix milk feed their infants? Results from a systematic review
Authors: Monge-Montero Carmen , van der Merwe Liandré F , Tagliamonte Silvia , Agostoni Carlo , Vitaglione Paola 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Context
Combining or supplementing breastfeeding with formula feeding, also called mixed milk feeding (MMF), is a common infant feeding practice. However, there is no well-established MMF evidence-base for informing and guiding parents. A better understanding of the reasons why mothers practice MMF may facilitate identification of efficient strategies for supporting exclusive breastfeeding, and/or opportunities to prolong breastfeeding, at least partially.

Objective
An updated systematic literature review was undertaken with the primary aim of gaining a deeper understanding of the reasons why mothers choose MMF.

Data Sources
Six databases were searched for relevant articles published in English from January 2012 to January 2022.

Data Extraction
Two reviewers independently performed the screenings and data extraction, and any differences were resolved by a third reviewer. Data from 138 articles were included, 90 of which contained data on MMF reasons/drivers, and 60 contained data on infant age and/or maternal demographic factors associated with MMF.

Data Analysis
A total of 13 different unique MMF drivers/reasons were identified and categorized according to whether the drivers/reasons related to perceived choice, necessity, or pressure. Risk of bias was evaluated using the Quality Assessment Tool of Diverse Studies and the JBI Systematic Reviews tool. Several different terms were used to describe and classify MMF across the studies. The most commonly reported reasons for MMF were related to a perception of necessity (39% of drivers, eg, concerns about infant’s hunger/perceived breast milk insufficiency or breastfeeding difficulties), followed by drivers associated with perceived choice (34%; eg, having more flexibility) and perceived pressure (25%; eg, returning to work or healthcare professionals’ advice). This was particularly true for infants aged 3 months or younger.

Conclusion
The key global drivers for MMF and their distribution across infant age and regions were identified and described, providing opportunities for the provision of optimal breastfeeding support. A unified definition of MMF is needed in order to enable more comparable and standardized research.

Systematic Review Registration
PROSPERO registration no. CRD42022304253.
Long-Acting Cabotegravir/Rilpivirine Concentrations in Combination With Intravenous Rifampin: A Case Report
Authors: Sunagawa Shawnalyn W , Havens Joshua P , Podany Anthony , Walker Bryan , Scarsi Kimberly K , Bares Sara H 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
As antiretroviral therapy advancements focus on long-acting medications, there is a need to assess the potential impact of drug–drug interactions. We present a real-world case of long-acting cabotegravir/rilpivirine co-administered with intravenous rifampin. The combination resulted in both cabotegravir and rilpivirine concentrations falling below 4 times the protein-adjusted IC90.
The Scale for Assessment and Rating of Ataxia Is Reliable and Valid in the Telehealth Setting for Patients With Cerebellar Ataxia
Authors: Reoli Rachel , Therrien Amanda , Millar Jennifer , Hill Nayo , Varghese Rini , Roemmich Ryan , Whitall Jill , Bastian Amy , Keller Jennifer 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objective
Health care has increasingly expanded into a hybrid in-person/telehealth model. Patients with a variety of health conditions, including cerebellar ataxia, have received virtual health evaluations; however, it remains unknown whether some outcome measures that clinicians utilize in the telehealth setting are reliable and valid. The goal of this project is to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Scale for Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA) for patients with cerebellar ataxia in the telehealth setting.

Methods
Nineteen individuals with cerebellar impairments were recruited on a voluntary basis. Participants completed 2 30-minute testing sessions during which a clinical examination and the SARA were performed. One session was performed in person, and the other session was assessed remotely. Outcome measure performance was video recorded in both environments and independently scored by 4 additional raters with varying levels of clinical experience (ranging from 6 months to 29 years). Concurrent validity was assessed with the Spearman rank order correlation coefficient (α &lt; .05), comparing the virtual SARA scores to their gold standard in-person scores. Interrater reliability was evaluated with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) (2,4) (α &lt; .05).

Results
Fourteen of the 19 participants completed both in-person and telehealth SARA evaluations. We found that the in-person SARA and the telehealth SARA have large concurrent validity (Spearman rho significant at the 2-tailed α of .01 = 0.90; n = 14). Additionally, raters of varying years of experience had excellent interrater reliability for both the in-person SARA (ICC [2,4] = 0.97; n = 19) and the telehealth SARA (ICC [2,4] = 0.98; n = 14).

Conclusion
Our results show that the telehealth SARA is comparable to the in-person SARA. Additionally, raters of varying years of clinical experience were found to have excellent interrater reliability scores for both remote and in-person SARA evaluations.

Impact
Our study shows that the SARA can be used in the telehealth setting for patients with ataxia.
Cat Ownership and Schizophrenia-Related Disorders and Psychotic-Like Experiences: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: McGrath John J , Lim Carmen C W , Saha Sukanta 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundIt has been proposed that cat ownership may be a risk-modifying factor for schizophrenia-related disorders and psychotic-like experiences (PLE). This study aimed to systematically review and meta-analyze publications that reported the relationship between cat ownership and schizophrenia-related outcomes.MethodologyWe searched Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, and gray literature for publications between January 1, 1980, and May 30, 2023, regardless of geographical location and language. Backward citation search methods were used to locate additional articles. We included studies that reported original data on cat ownership and schizophrenia-related outcomes. We meta-analyzed estimates based on broad definitions (cat ownership, cat bites, and cat contact) with estimates with or without covariate adjustments. We pooled comparable estimates using random-effects models and assessed the risk of bias, heterogeneity, and study quality.ResultsWe identified 1915 studies, of which 106 were chosen for full-text review, ultimately resulting in the inclusion of 17 studies. We found an association between broadly defined cat ownership and increased odds of developing schizophrenia-related disorders. For the studies reporting unadjusted odds ratios (OR; n = 10), the pooled OR was 2.14 (95% CI: 1.29–3.55). Exclusion of one outlier study resulted in a pooled OR (n = 9) of 1.56 (95% CI: 1.27–1.92). For the studies reporting adjusted estimates (n = 5), the pooled OR was 2.44 (95% CI: 1.59–3.73). After excluding one study with suboptimal exposure/design features, the pooled adjusted OR (n = 4) was 2.40 (95% CI: 1.50–3.86). We were unable to aggregate the estimates for the PLE outcomes because of the broad range of measures.ConclusionsOur findings provide support for the hypothesis that cat exposure is associated with an increased risk of broadly defined schizophrenia-related disorders; however, the findings related to PLE as an outcome are mixed. There is a need for more high-quality studies in this field.PROSPERO registrationPROSPERO 2023 CRD42023426974. Available from: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023426974
Developments in trust law in India through the SEBI lens
Authors: Gandhi Anju , Dwarkadas Jahnavi , Gupta Avni 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Although the Indian Trust Act is an 1882 act which has not seen any change since its enactment, the law on the subject has evolved over time with changes in other laws/regulations. The article analyses the Indian securities/capital market regulator’s Securities Exchange Board of India (SEBI) perspective on the transfer of promoter shareholdings of a listed entity into private trust structures. The article discusses and examines SEBI regulations, circulars and orders to understand the contours of structuring an SEBI-compliant private trust. It also explores and analyzes SEBI’s thought process and the requirements that a structure must ensure in order to qualify for exemption.
France: cross-border marital agreements
Authors: de Guillenchmidt Guignot Ariane 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This article is a brief presentation of the main principles ruling marriage and the rights and duties of spouses in France. As more and more couples have different nationalities or decide to live abroad, the focus is also on prenuptial agreements in a cross-border situation and the enforceability of such contracts in international law from a French law perspective. This article aims at providing some responses to the common questions raised by marital agreements, such as the conditions, scope and effects of marital agreements, their enforceability and the rights of spouses in case of divorce.
Response of growing pigs to the inclusion of hybrid rye in low or high-energy diets
Authors: Smit Miranda N , Panisson Josiane C , Beaulieu A Denise 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Previous research has shown reduced feed intake and growth rate in pigs fed diets with hybrid rye replacing wheat. A reduction in growth rate caused by reduced feed intake will conceivably be counteracted by increasing the dietary energy level. Our objective, therefore, was to determine the effects of 40% hybrid rye inclusion replacing wheat in diets formulated to be either low or high net energy (NE) on growth, feed intake, energy digestibility, and lesion scores in growing-finishing pigs. We hypothesized that pigs fed 40% hybrid rye would perform better on the high than the low energy diets. A total of 160 pigs (body weight [BW] 70.1 kg) housed in 32 pens, 5 pigs per pen, were fed diets with 0% or 40% hybrid rye (var. ‘KWS Bono’; KWS LOCHOW GMBH), either with low (2,350) or high (2,450) kcal NE per kg of diet over two growth phases (phase 1; 70 to 85 kg BW; phase 2; 85 to 130 kg BW). The BW, and feed disappearance were measured on days 0, 8, 17, 28, 42, and 50. Fecal samples obtained in phase 2 (~100 kg BW) were used to calculate apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of gross energy (GE). Lesion scores were measured weekly. The ATTD of GE was unaffected by rye inclusion and was reduced in low vs. high NE diets. Overall, (days 0 to 50), pigs fed the low-energy rye diet gained 0.08 kg/d less (P &lt; 0.01) than those fed the high-energy rye diet or the low-energy diet without rye, which was caused by a reduced weight gain during the initial 17 d of the trial. Final BW and overall feed intake were not affected by rye inclusion or NE level. The NE intake was greater (P &lt; 0.05) and feed efficiency (G:F) was reduced (P &lt; 0.05) in pigs fed rye diets compared to those fed diets without rye, whereas there was no effect of NE level on NE intake or G:F. There was no effect of rye inclusion or NE level on lesion scores. In conclusion, pigs can be fed diets including 40% hybrid rye with only minor changes in growth performance. Increasing the NE level of the first phase diet in the grower-finisher barn may be useful to avoid a reduction in growth performance when feeding hybrid rye.
Endoplasmic reticulum stress participates in apoptosis of HeLa cells exposed to TPHP and OH-TPHP via the eIF2α-ATF4/ATF3-CHOP-DR5/P53 signaling pathway
Authors: An Jing , Du Chenyang , Xue Wanlei , Huang Jin , Zhong Yufang , Ren Guofa , Shang Yu , Xu Bingye 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Purpose
Triphenyl phosphate (TPHP) is a widely used organophosphate flame retardant, which can be transformed in vivo into diphenyl phosphate (DPHP) and 4-hydroxyphenyl phosphate (diphenyl) ester (OH-TPHP) through biotransformation process. Accumulation of TPHP and its derivatives in biological tissues makes it necessary to investigate their toxicity and molecular mechanism.

Methods
The present study evaluated the cellular effects of TPHP, DPHP, and OH-TPHP on cell survival, cell membrane damage, oxidative damage, and cell apoptosis using HeLa cells as in vitro model. RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were conducted to monitor the differently expressed genes, and then RT-qPCR and Western bolt were used to identify potential molecular mechanisms and key hub genes.

Results
Results showed that OH-TPHP had the most significant cytotoxic effect in HeLa cells, followed by TPHP; and no significant cytotoxic effects were observed for DPHP exposure within the experimental concentrations. Biological function enrichment analysis suggested that TPHP and OH-TPHP exposure may induce endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and cell apoptosis. The nodes filtering revealed that ERS and apoptosis related genes were involved in biological effects induced by TPHP and OH-TPHP, which may be mediated through the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α/activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4)/ATF3- CCAAT/ enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) cascade pathway and death receptor 5 (DR5) /P53 signaling axis.

Conclusion
Above all, these findings indicated that ERS-mediated apoptosis might be one of potential mechanisms for cytotoxicity of TPHP and OH-TPHP.
Acupuncture treatment of acute urinary retention caused by varicella-zoster virus through by combining the mechanism of sacral neuromodulation: A rare case report
Authors: Tan Zilong , Shen Jianwu 
Published: December 2023

Rationale:Urinary dysfunction triggered by varicella-zoster virus (VZV) attacking the nervous system seriously affects the quality of life of patients and may even cause irreversible damage to the urinary system. This a 62-year-old man with acute urinary retention triggered by VZV, who was cured after acupuncture treatment. The rational application of acupuncture therapy to promote the recovery of bladder contraction function can effectively relieve the symptoms of dysuria, shorten the course of the disease.Patient concerns:Symptoms included dysuria and distension of the bladder area secondary to postherpetic herpes zoster, with significant pressure and pain in his lower abdomen, accompanied by cutaneous herpes distributed over the sacral region.Diagnoses:The case was diagnosed as acute urinary retention (Neurogenic Bladder). Ancillary tests include urodynamic examination, Doppler ultrasound, urodynamic tests are the preferred diagnostic method and suggest: no contraction of the detrusor muscle is seen during voiding, and voiding occurs in an The absence of abdominal pressure-assisted micturition and repeated attempts to pass urine suggests detrusor weakness; residual urine suggests a severe bladder emptying disorder. Doppler ultrasound suggested overfilling of the bladder, and 1153 mL of residual urine was seen in the bladder after voiding.Interventions:The patient developed sacral herpes and dysuria and was treated with oral antiviral drugs on the 12th day of illness. But his urinary difficulty did not improve but gradually worsened, resulting in acute urinary retention, and he then turned to the acupuncture treatment, innovative approach combined the mechanism of action of sacral neuromodulation with traditional Chinese medicine theory.Outcomes:The duration of acupuncture treatment totaled 12 weeks; he was able to urinate on her own and her symptoms completely disappeared. No other adverse and unintended events occurred during treatment.Lessons:This study demonstrates that acupuncture is safe and effective in the treatment of acute urinary retention caused by VZV, which is worth recommending as a conservative treatment. Moreover, we found that the early intervention and full-term treatment with acupuncture is particularly important, provided that the right key acupoints are selected.
Busch-Hoffa fracture: A systematic review
Authors: Rabelo João Marcos Guimarães , Pires Robinson Esteves , Las Casas Estevam Barbosa de , Cimini Jr Carlos Alberto 
Published: December 2023

Background:
Accomplish a thorough review on the existing biomechanical and clinical studies about coronal plane fractures of the distal femur.

Methods:
We performed an electronic search of PubMed/MEDLINE database from April to June, 2023. The terms for the database search included “Hoffa fractures,” OR “Busch-Hoffa fractures” OR “coronal plane fractures of the distal femur.”

Results:
The search identified 277 potentially eligible studies. After application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, 113 articles were analyzed in terms of the most important topics related to coronal plane fractures of the distal femur.

Conclusion:
Lateral coronal plane fractures of the distal femur are more frequent than medial, present a more vertical fracture line, and usually concentrate on the weight bearing zone of the condyle. The Letenneur system is the most used classification method for this fracture pattern. Posterior-to-anterior fixation using isolated lag screws (for osteochondral fragments—Letenneur type 2) or associated with a posterior buttressing plate (when the fracture pattern is amenable for plate fixation—Letenneur types 1 and 3) is biomechanically more efficient than anterior-to-posterior fixation. Anterior-to-posterior fixation using lag screws complemented or not by a plate remains a widely used treatment option due to the surgeons’ familiarity with the anterior approaches and lower risk of iatrogenic neurovascular injuries. There is no consensus in the literature regarding diameter and number of screws for fixation of coronal plane fractures of the distal femur.
Poor efficacy of intravenous thrombolysis in de Winter pattern: A case report
Authors: Xiao Hao , Mei Zhao , Feifei Zhang , Huiliang Liu , Shuren Li 
Published: December 2023

Introduction:
Majority of patients with acute coronary syndrome can be quickly identified by electrocardiogram, but there are still 30% of patients with acute coronary artery lesions that cannot be recognized by electrocardiogram in time, resulting in delayed treatment.

Patient concerns:
Due to its special manifestations, de Winter syndrome is easily ignored by clinicians.

Diagnosis:
In this article we report a case of de Winter syndrome with poor thrombolytic effect to explore the optimal emergency management strategy for this patient.

Interventions:
The patient underwent remedial percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) immediately after diagnosis.

Outcomes:
Patients recover well after PCI.

Conclusion:
de Winter syndrome is a strong indication of severe coronary artery disease, requiring rapid identification and opening of coronary vessels to restore blood flow. For patients admitted to hospitals with PCI capacity or transferred primary PCI <2 hours, primary PCI should be performed as soon as possible. Thrombolysis can still be considered for patients first diagnosed in non-PCI institutions with transport time >2 hours, but its efficacy remains to be discussed and further verified.