bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ridge alterations following implant placement in fresh extraction sockets: an experimental study in the dog
Authors: Araújo Mauricio G. , Sukekava Flavia , Wennström Jan L. , Lindhe Jan 
Published: May 2005

AbstractObjective: To study dimensional alterations of the alveolar ridge that occurred following implant placement in fresh extraction sockets.Material and Methods: Five beagle dogs were included in the study. In both quadrants of the mandible, incisions were made in the crevice region of the third and fourth pre‐molars. Buccal and minute lingual full‐thickness flaps were elevated. The mesial root of the four pre‐molars root was filled and the teeth were hemi‐sected. Following flap elevation in 3P3 and 4P4 regions, the distal roots were removed. In the right jaw quadrants, implants with a sand blasted and acid etched (SLA) surface were placed in the fresh extraction sockets, while in the left jaws the corresponding sockets were left for spontaneous healing. The mesial roots were retained as surgical control teeth. After 3 months, the animals were examined clinically, sacrificed and tissue blocks containing the implant sites, the adjacent tooth sites (mesial root) and the edentulous socket sites were dissected, prepared for ground sectioning and examined in the microscope.Results: At implant sites, the level of bone‐to‐implant contact (BC) was located 2.6±0.4 mm (buccal aspect) and 0.2±0.5 mm (lingual aspect) apical of the SLA level. At the edentulous sites, the mean vertical distance (V) between the marginal termination of the buccal and lingual bone walls was 2.2±0.9 mm. At the surgically treated tooth sites, the mean amount of attachment loss was 0.5±0.5 mm (buccal) and 0.2±0.3 mm (lingual).Conclusions: Marked dimensional alterations had occurred in the edentulous ridge after 3 months of healing following the extraction of the distal root of mandibular pre‐molars. The placement of an implant in the fresh extraction site obviously failed to prevent the re‐modelling that occurred in the walls of the socket. The resulting height of the buccal and lingual walls at 3 months was similar at implants and edentulous sites and vertical bone loss was more pronounced at the buccal than at the lingual aspect of the ridge. It is suggested that the resorption of the socket walls that occurs following tooth removal must be considered in conjunction with implant placement in fresh extraction sockets.
Adjunctive subantimicrobial dose doxycycline in smokers and non‐smokers with chronic periodontitis
Authors: Preshaw Philip M. , Hefti Arthur F. , Bradshaw Mark H. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractObjectives: Previous studies have demonstrated the clinical benefits of sub‐antimicrobial dose doxycycline (SDD) in the treatment of chronic periodontitis (CP). The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the role of SDD as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) in the treatment of smokers and non‐smokers with CP.Material and Methods: A meta‐analysis of two previously reported clinical studies was undertaken. Both were 9‐month, double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled, multi‐centre clinical trials that investigated the efficacy of SDD (20 mg doxycycline twice daily) in combination with SRP in subjects with moderate–severe CP. 36.9% of the combined study population were smokers. Three hundred and ninety‐two subjects were included in the meta‐analysis, which evaluated per‐subject mean changes in clinical attachment level (CAL) and probing depth (PD) from baseline and the total number of sites with attachment gains and PD reductions 2 and 3 mm from baseline in four subgroups: smokers/SDD; smokers/placebo; non‐smokers/SDD; non‐smokers/placebo.Results: A hierarchical treatment response was observed, with non‐smokers who received SDD demonstrating the greatest CAL gains and PD reductions. Smokers who received placebo demonstrated the smallest clinical improvements following treatment. Smokers who received SDD demonstrated an intermediate treatment response that was broadly equivalent to that seen in non‐smokers who received placebo. In sites with baseline PD 4–6 mm, month 9 CAL gains were 19–45% better in non‐smokers who received SDD compared with all other subgroups (p<0.05), and were 21% greater in smokers who received SDD compared with smokers who received placebo (p<0.05). Furthermore, month 9 PD reductions were 21–53% greater in non‐smokers who received SDD compared with all other subgroups (p<0.01), and were 26% greater in smokers who received SDD compared with smokers who received placebo (p<0.05).Conclusion: Adjunctive SDD enhances therapeutic outcomes compared with SRP alone, resulting in clinical benefit in both smokers and non‐smokers with CP.
Optimal rinsing time for intra‐oral distribution (spread) of mouthwashes
Authors: Paraskevas S. , Danser M. M. , Timmerman M. F. , Van der Velden U. , Van Der Weijden G. A. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractAim: To investigate the intra‐oral spread of an erythrosine mouthwash in relation to the rinsing period.Material and Methods: Thirty subjects were randomly divided into two equal groups and asked to rinse with 10 ml erythrosine mouthwash for cumulative periods of 15, 30 and 60 s (Group I) and 30, 60 and 90 s (Group II). Each rinsing session was followed by new plaque measurements. After rinsing plaque was finally assessed using the erythrosine mouthwash applied by means of a cotton swab.Results: In Group I there was a difference observed between the 15 s rinsing period and those of 30 and 60 s. Explorative analysis for Group I suggested that differences in both jaws and approximal sites on both vestibular and lingual surfaces appeared to have contributed to the overall difference seen between 15 and 30 s rinsing periods. Also, pre‐molars and front teeth seem to have contributed to this observed difference. No differences were noted between rinsing sessions and cotton swab application for Group II or Groups I+II combined.Conclusions: Rinsing for 30 s appeared to be sufficient for all plaque‐covered surfaces of the dentition to come into contact with the mouthwash.
Improving patients' compliance with the treatment of periodontitis: a controlled study of behavioural intervention
Authors: Philippot Pierre , Lenoir Nathalie , D'Hoore William , Bercy Pierre 
Published: May 2005

AbstractObjectives: This clinical trial study investigates whether a behavioural educational intervention based on the autoregulation theory can improve periodontitis patients' compliance with proper dental care at a 1‐month follow‐up.Material and Methods: Thirty patients matched for gender (20 men), age (mean age=39 years) and education were randomly assigned to a control or an experimental treatment condition. In the control condition, patients received the regular treatment based on instruction of the proper prophylactic dental care. In the experimental treatment condition, patients received information about the symptoms of periodontitis, the causes, consequences and temporal course, and the types of effective strategy and they were requested to keep daily records of the effects of applying prophylactic dental care on their periodontitis symptoms. In both groups, plaque indices (PIs) (Silness & Löe 1964) were measured prior to treatment and at a 1‐month follow‐up. A self‐report questionnaire also assessed the representation of periodontitis in all patients.Results: A 2 (time of measurement: baseline versus follow‐up) × 3 (PI localization) × 2 (experimental group) mixed‐design anova computed on the PI reports a large effect of time, F(1, 28)=267.10, p<0.000, indicating that both groups improved from baseline (mean=1.73, SD=0.08) to the 1‐month follow‐up (mean=0.56, SD=0.06). It is important to point out that this analysis also revealed the expected Group × Time interaction, F(1, 28)=7.09, p<0.02, partial η2=0.19, indicating that smaller PI were observed in the experimental group (mean=0.24, SD=0.14) than in the control group (mean=0.88, SD=0.38) at follow‐up. Post hoc analyses showed that this pattern applies to the proximal and lingual PI but not to the vestibular PI.Conclusions: The present data show that the behavioural education intervention is (a) more effective than a classical intervention based on information and training about prophylactic techniques and (b) that it is effective in bringing most patients to normal levels of PI. For clinical practice, it suggests that better results can be obtained if (a) patients are taught a correct representation about periodontitis and (b) patients' sense of self‐efficacy is developed through their own direct experience, by observing the effects of their behaviour on periodontitis symptoms.
A method for the validation of a new calculus detection system
Authors: Meissner Grit , Oehme Bernd , Strackeljan Jens , Kuhr Alexander , Kocher Thomas 
Published: May 2005

AbstractBackground: Recently, pilot studies from our laboratory have shown that dental surfaces may be discriminated by the analysis of tip oscillations of an ultrasonic instrument, which possesses computerized calculus‐detection features. For the evaluation of this smart detection system, its surface recognition qualities are of crucial importance. For in vivo studies, however, it proved to be difficult to verify the subgingival detection results. Therefore, it was necessary to develop a method, which allowed a reliable validation of surface recognition results of this new device. This evaluation method is described here.Materials and Methods: Thirty extracted human teeth with subgingival calculus were embedded with plaster in a tray. To simulate subgingival pockets, dissected mucoperiostal porcine gingiva was sutured on the teeth. The thus‐constructed dentition was mounted into a phantom head. A CCD‐cam was attached with an intra‐oral X‐ray mount to the teeth. The dentist scanned the pockets with the ultrasonic instrument, simultaneously videotaping the scanning path of the supragingival portion of the insert. At the same time, the signals of the modified ultrasound scaler were recorded. After the tooth was removed from the phantom head, the tip of the ultrasound scaler could be repositioned using the video sequences. The actual insert location on calculus or cementum was assessed and compared with the computer signals. The whole procedure was repeated a second time and the reproducibility of the evaluation method was estimated.Results: A κ value of 0.95 was attained for the evaluation method.Conclusion: The present experimental design allows the in vitro repositioning of an automated dental instrument for the detection of subgingival surfaces on the tooth following an in vitro phantom‐head video recording of its intra‐oral scanning movements. This method will be used for the verification of in vivo results of a new ultrasound‐based surface detection system.
Statistical methods for testing plaque removal efficacy in clinical trials
Authors: Heynderickx I. , Engel J. 
Published: May 2005

Abstract:Objectives: To evaluate the ability of different statistical approaches in finding a statistically significant difference in plaque removal efficiency between brushes in clinical trials.Materials and Methods: The approaches, which are evaluated, concern the scores after brushing only, the difference in scores before and after brushing and the relative difference scores (i.e. score before minus score after brushing divided by the score before brushing). In each case the scores before brushing may be included as a covariate. Except for the relative difference scores, the power of the test statistics of the approaches has been compared by assuming a simple statistical model. These theoretical results have been compared with the numerical results of two particular clinical trials – one with a between‐subject design and one with a within‐subject design.Results: The numerical results of these clinical trials show that the calculated p‐values support the conclusions drawn from the statistical model, i.e. the power of the F‐test is highest when evaluating the data after brushing with the data before brushing included as a covariate. Using the differences in scores before and after brushing – again with the data before brushing as a covariate – does not add additional power to the test. Omitting the data before brushing as a covariate only gives satisfactory results when the variance over the subjects or the error variance is zero, which in general is not the case.Conclusions: This investigation reveals that in general the approach of analysing the scores after brushing with the scores before brushing as a covariate yields the highest chance of finding a statistically significant difference between two brushes.
Periodontal conditions and subgingival microflora in Down syndrome patients
Authors: Sakellari D. , Arapostathis K. N. , Konstantinidis A. 
Published: May 2005

Abstract Objectives: The periodontal conditions and the subgingival microflora of children, adolescents and young adults (8–28 years old) with Down syndrome were investigated in the present cross‐sectional study and compared with those of healthy individuals and subjects with cerebral palsy.Material and Methods: Seventy Down syndrome patients, 121 age‐matched healthy individuals and 76 patients with cerebral palsy participated in the present study. Full‐mouth recordings of clinical parameters (probing depth, probing attachment level, bleeding on probing, hygiene index) and the community periodontal index of treatment needs were assessed and subgingival plaque samples were taken from the Ramfjord teeth and analysed for 14 species using “checkerboard” DNA–DNA hybridization.Results: Clinical indices of periodontal inflammation and treatment needs were statistically significant higher among Down syndrome patients compared with the other two groups (anova, p=0.000). Important periodontal pathogens colonize these subjects earlier and at higher levels (chi‐squared test, p=0.000).Discussion: Down syndrome patients display more severe periodontal destruction earlier, and heavier colonization with periodontal pathogens compared with age‐matched healthy individuals and patients with cerebral palsy.
Permanent disabilities in the displaced muscle from rupture of the long head tendon of the biceps
Authors: Deutch Søren R. , Gelineck John , Johannsen Hans Viggo , Sneppen Otto 
Published: May 2005

Patients with a displaced muscle belly because of rupture of the long head biceps tendon were investigated for local pain and other disabilities, together with strength and endurance loss. Eleven patients (median age 59 years, minimum follow‐up 6 months) were included, and minimum follow‐up was 6 months. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of both upper arms allowed investigation of muscle atrophy and evaluation of any other degenerative signs in the displaced muscle.All patients reported pain or disability locally in the displaced muscle in certain situations, and strength and endurance were reduced by 25%. MRI revealed the displaced muscle to be unreduced in size and with no signs of degeneration.Generally, operative reattachment of the displaced muscle is not advocated in middle‐aged or older patients. In order to elucidate this subject, we present a retrospective consecutive series of patients with considerable disabilities in the displaced muscle belly independent of shoulder disabilities.
Passive and dynamic translation in the knee is not influenced by knee exercises in healthy individuals
Authors: Tagesson Sofi , Öberg Birgitta , Kvist Joanna 
Published: May 2005

No evidence exists that repeated isolated quadriceps contractions lead to increased sagittal plane tibial translation. The purpose was to analyze passive and dynamic tibial translation before, during and after a specific exercise session, including cycling and a maximum number of knee extensions and heel‐raises, in healthy individuals.Passive and dynamic sagittal tibial translation was measured on 18 healthy individuals (nine men and nine women) before, during and after a specific exercise session with heavy load, including cycling and maximum number of knee extensions and heel‐raises. Sagittal tibial translation during the Lachman test, maximal isometric quadriceps contraction, one‐legged squat and gait was registered with the CA‐4000 electrogoniometer. The electromyographic (EMG) activity of m. vastus medialis and lateralis, m. gastrocnemius and mm. hamstrings was registered.There was no difference in passive or dynamic sagittal tibial translation during or after the exercise session. No difference could be detected in EMG activity during squat after compared with before the exercise session.In conclusion, the knee exercises did not influence the amount of translation in healthy individuals. The findings indicate that isolated strength training of quadriceps may be included in anterior cruciate ligament rehabilitation programs, even if further specific studies on injured individuals most be performed.
Sagittal tibial translation during exercises in the anterior cruciate ligament‐deficient knee
Authors: Kvist Joanna 
Published: May 2005

The aim of this study was to describe and compare the sagittal tibial translation and electromyographic activity of muscles v. medialis and lateralis, gastrocnemius and hamstrings, during common rehabilitation exercises, in patients with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) deficiency and non‐injured controls. Sagittal tibial translation was registered with the CA‐4000 electrogoniometer, in 12 patients and 17 controls, during Lachman test (static translation) and five exercises (dynamic translation). The exercises were grouped according to muscle work and joint compression (active extension, heel raises, cycling, one‐legged squat and chair squat).The non‐weight‐bearing exercise with isolated muscle work (active extension) produced a large amount of tibial translation. During weight bearing, the total anterior–posterior tibial motion was halved compared to the non‐weight‐bearing exercises, but tibia was anterior positioned. Heel raising resulted in equal translation as the one‐legged squat and chair squat, whereas cycling produced the smallest amount of tibial translation. The subjects utilized different amounts of their individual joint play (static translation) during the exercises, which may explain why there are no correlation between static translation and the patients functional outcome. These results enhance understanding on tibial translation during activity and gives indications on which exercises can be used early after ACL injury and reconstruction.
Grade III bleeding haemorrhoids in a 6‐year‐old boy
Authors: Gupta Pravin J. 
Published: May 2005

We report a case of grade 3 bleeding haemorrhoids in a 6‐year‐old boy, who had a history of bleeding per rectum since he was 1‐year‐old. The diagnosis was made on anoscopic examination after ruling out other colorectal pathologies by a full‐length colonoscopy. There was no evidence of portal hypertension.He was successfully treated with haemorrhoidectomy.A congenital weakness of the haemorrhoid vein wall was thought to be the probable cause of disease for want of any other causative factor. Though rare to be found at the age of 6 years without any obvious aetiology, haemorrhoids should be considered as one of the causes of bleeding per rectum in children.
Catheter‐related sepsis in ultrasound‐guided percutaneously inserted long‐term tunnelled central venous catheter: A review of 50 patients
Authors: Li Wing‐Hong , Tsang Shiu‐Hei , Tsao Joanne Pui‐Yue , Tong Wai‐Chung , Tang Lap‐Fai 
Published: May 2005

Objective:  Ultrasound‐guided percutaneous insertion of a long‐term tunneled central venous catheter (TCVC) is now a very common procedure, but catheter‐related sepsis remains a significant problem. This study aims to review our results concerning this complication.Methodology:  Fifty‐seven central venous catheters were inserted into 50 patients percutaneously under ultrasound guidance in Queen Elizabeth hospital for between 1 March 2003 and 30 April 2004. Data was retrospectively collected and analysed from hospital records. Results:  This study had a successful placement rate of 100%. The overall complication rate was 31% (18 out of 57), comprised of four mechanical complications (all occurring within 30 days of insertion). There was no complication documented within the first 24 h. Fourteen patients developed infective complications, and of these eight patients were classified as catheter‐related sepsis, all requiring premature removal of their catheters. There were in total 6161 catheter days, with the incidence rate of catheter‐related sepsis of 1.2 per 1000 catheter days. The infecting organisms were heterogeneous, with the majority being Gram‐positive cocci (47%). Our study found that patients who developed neutropaenia within 30 days after insertion were significantly associated with catheter‐related sepsis (P < 0.05).Conclusion:  Insertion of TCVC under ultrasound guidance is a safe method with a high success rate. Incidence of catheter‐related sepsis of TCVC under percutaneous guidance was comparable to the open method. Neutropaenia developing within 30 days after ultrasound‐guided percutaneous insertion of central venous catheter may be associated with increased risk of catheter‐related sepsis.
Generalized Random Tunneling Algorithm for Continuous Design
Variables
Authors: Kitayama Satoshi , Yamazaki Koetsu 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
This paper presents a global optimization method for continuous design variables. We call this method a generalized random tunneling algorithm (GRTA) because this method can treat the behavior constraints as well as the side constraints without using penalty parameters for the behavior constraints. The GRTA consists of three phases, that is, the minimization phase, the tunneling phase, and the constraint phase. In the minimization phase, local search technique, which is based on the gradient of the objective and constraint functions, is used. The objective of the tunneling phase is to find a point that improves the objective function obtained in the minimization phase. In the constraint phase, the feasibility of the point obtained in the tunneling phase is checked. By iterating these three phases, global or quasi-optimum may be obtained. Through mathematical and structural optimization problems, the validity and efficiency of the GRTA are examined.
Computation of High-Gain Observers for Nonlinear Systems Using Automatic Differentiation
Authors: Röbenack Klaus 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
The design of high-gain observers using the observability canonical form is reviewed. Up to the present, gradients of Lie derivatives required by the design algorithms have been computed symbolically. A symbolic computation of the observer gain yields quite often extremely large expressions, even for systems of moderate dimension and complexity. We show how automatic differentiation may be used to compute the observer gain.