bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Pasteurization and Sampling Time on Some Immunological and Microbial Properties of Bovine Colostrum
Authors: Ali Shaimaa A. M. , Ibrahim Ahmed S. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This study was conducted in the laboratory of the Ministry of Science and Technology to estimate the immunological characteristics (IgG, IgA, and IgM) and microbial content in bovine colostrum samples on the first, third, and fifth day of birth, and the effect of pasteurization treatments {pasteurization at 63° C / 30 minutes (LTLT) and pasteurization, at 72° C. / 15 second (HTST)}. Also, to determine the antibacterial activity of colostrum against pathogenic bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, and Klebsiella oxytoca. The results showed that the HTST pasteurization was the most effective in colostrum samples. The results also showed that the immune globulins in colostrum were high on the first day of birth, then gradually decreased with the increase in the period from birth, and the concentration of IgG immune-globulins was highest in bovine colostrum, followed by IgM and then IgA, which reached 475.24, 185.70 and 162.00 ng ml-1 respectively. Also, the pasteurization treatments led to a significant decrease in the concentration of immune globulins compared with the control treatment (un paseurization). As for microbial content in colostrum, the results showed that the total number of bacteria and the number of coliform bacteria were low on the first day of birth and then increased on the third and fifth day of birth, while the average number of lactic acid bacteria was 2.12, 2.23, and 2.04 log CFU ml-1 respectively, and the pasteurization treatments led to a significant decrease in the microbial content in all samples, the results also showed that the colostrum samples were free of S. aureus, E. coli, and S. typhi bacteria. Regarding testing the antibacterial efficacy of colostrum against pathogenic bacterial isolates, the results showed that the highest inhibition of colostrum was on the first day of birth against S. aureus bacteria at a zone diameter of inhibition of 14 mm, followed by E. coli, then S. typhi and K. oxytoca.
Identification of some Phenolic Compounds of Purslane Extracts (Portulaca Oleraceae L.) and Evaluation its Content from vit.E and vit.C and its Antioxidant Activity in Iraq
Authors: Al-Sultani Hind Abdulabbas Faris , Ajeena Saba J. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The phenolic compounds present in the four extracts of both stems and leaves of the Portulaca Oleraceae L. were diagnosed using HPLC, and the following observations were made: In the alcoholic extract of the leaves, the highest concentration was found in Gallic acid at 77.89 ppm, followed by other phenolic compounds represented by Quercetin, chlorogenic acid, Ferulic acid, Kemopferol, and p-Coumaric at concentrations of 55.8, 50.22, 40.25, 24.15, and 19.25 ppm, respectively. In the aqueous extract of the leaves, the highest concentration was found in Gallic acid at 62.59 ppm, followed by other phenolic compounds Quercetin, chlorogenic acid, Ferulic acid, p-Coumaric, and Kemopferol at concentrations of 41.25, 40.23, 29.58, 16.25, and 16.22 ppm, respectively. In the alcoholic extract of the stems, it was found to contain four phenolic compounds with Gallic acid having the highest concentration at 40.56 ppm, followed by chlorogenic acid, Quercetin, and Kemopferol at concentrations of 33.65, 30.25, and 14.25 ppm, respectively. In the aqueous extract of the stems, it was found to contain four phenolic compounds with Gallic acid having the highest concentration at 33.69 ppm, followed by Quercetin, chlorogenic acid, and Kemopferol at concentrations of 21.45, 20.58, and 11.48 ppm, respectively. The vitamin C and vitamin E contents were evaluated in the extracts. The highest concentration of vitamin E was found in the aqueous extract of the leaves, followed by the alcoholic extract of the leaves, the aqueous extract of the stems, and the alcoholic extract of the stems, with concentrations of 54.1, 33.5, 31.5, and 25.9 ppm, respectively. As for vitamin C concentration, it was found to be highest in the aqueous extract of the leaves, followed by the aqueous extract of the stems, the alcoholic extract of the leaves, and finally the alcoholic extract of the stems, with concentrations of 85.6, 66.5, 52.8, and 35.6 ppm, respectively. The antioxidant activity of the aqueous and alcoholic extracts of the leaves and stems of Portulaca Oleraceae L. was measured by assessing the removal percentage using the FeCl2 and H2O2 methods. The alcoholic extract of the leaves showed the highest removal percentage of 94.73% at a concentration of 150 mg/ml using the FeCl2 method, and the highest DNA protection percentage of 92.73% at a concentration of 150 mg/ml using the H2O2 method.
Isolation, Purification and Characterization of a-Lactalbumin from Camel Milk and Study its Antioxidant Activity in Oils
Authors: Haddad Zaid A. , Doosh Kifah Saed 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The purpose of this research was to examine the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of a-lactalbumin (α-Lac) isolated from camel milk. Ion-exchange chromatography on a DEAE cellulose column and gel-filtration chromatography on a Sephadex G-100 column were used for the purification process. (α-Lac) purity was confirmed using a single-bond polyacrylamide gel-electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) assay and a further step using a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay. Antioxidant activity of (α-Lac) in food systems compared with chemical Antioxidants (BHT) activity at Prevent oxidation of vegetable oils (Flaxseed oil and sunflower) showed significant Ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), linoleic acid system (LAS), radical scavenging activity (DPPH).
Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of Selenium and Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesized by Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Extract
Authors: Abdullah Emad Abdulsattar , Badawi Sumyia Khalaf , Jafar Nehan Bahaaldden 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The aim of the present study is to synthesize selenium (SeNPs) and copper oxide (CuONPs) nanoparticles utilizing aqueous extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. as a reducing agent. The green synthesized Hibiscus sabdariffa L. selenium and copper oxide nanoparticles were identified by color change. The characterization of SeNPs and CuONPs was achieved by Ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) spectroscopy, Field Emission Scanning electron microscope (FESEM), Atomic force microscope (AFM), X-Ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). These tests are utilized for detecting stability, morphology, size, crystalline nature and functional groups on nanoparticles surface prepared. The outcomes revealed appearance of the prick-red and green color, indicating a specific color of selenium and copper oxide nanoparticles respectively. It also disclosed that UV-VIS spectroscopy indicated band absorbance at 234 and 274 nanometer of intense surface Plasmon resonance, manifesting the formation and stability of prepared SeNPs and CuONPs. The FESEM image displayed mulit-shapes between spherical and vaulted for selenium and copper oxide nanosized. XRD at 2 theta revealed crystalline selenium and copper oxide nanoparticles, with (54.92-57.79) nm average size. FTIR revealed the presence of functional groups of the plant that act as stabilizing and reducing agents. The antibacterial activity of synthesized nanoparticles was studied against five different bacteria causing food spoilage.
Rice Genotypes and DNA Markers: A Review
Authors: Abed Ashwaq S. , Ismail Eman N. , Alagely Huda S. , Majeed D. M. , Namaa Dhuha S. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This review provides an overview of the progress made in the field of rice genotypes and DNA markers. Rice is a crucial food source globally, and enhancing its nutritional value and resilience to stresses is of significant interest. The availability of high-quality rice genome sequences and functional genomic resources has accelerated genetic research, leading to the identification of genes that influence yield, grain quality, and stress tolerance. Rice genotypes are classified based on various factors, such as their response to salt stress, grain type, ionomic profile, arsenic accumulation, and appearance. DNA markers, including SSRs, SNPs, RAPD, RFLP, and AFLP, are used to study genetic variations and traits inheritance. DNA marker analysis has applications in studying genetic diversity, improving abiotic stress tolerance, developing salt-resistant germplasm, enhancing grain quality, developing resilient cultivars, and increasing crop yield. The review also includes case studies from Iraq, where DNA markers have been used to analyse genetic diversity and relationships among rice varieties. Overall, DNA markers play a crucial role in advancing rice research and breeding programs for improved productivity and food security.
Estimation of the Production Function of some (Modern) Wheat Cultivars in Salah Al-Din Governorate for the Agricultural Season (2020-2021)
Authors: Sharif S. S. , Bakr Y. T. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The study aims to measure the effect of using modern varieties on increasing the productivity of a dunum of wheat crop, and to study the economic impact of cultivar change on the transmission of the supply function of the wheat crop, and to determine the amount of increase in production by replacing high-producing varieties with low-yielding varieties, and the study used Harry’s model Ir_Edward Shaw in estimating the transfer coefficients in the resulting supply of the different varieties of the wheat crop for the districts and sub-districts of Salah al-Din Governorate (Tikrit, Samarra, Al-Alam, Al-Dur), according to a questionnaire form, where the sample size included (160) farmers for the wheat crop, as it was found that the use of modern technologies led to shift the supply function to the right by (1.192 ‘1.510 ’ 1.351) % respectively, which means an increase in the quantity supplied of wheat and the trend towards self-sufficiency of this crop, and from the estimation of the joint production function for farms applied to modern technologies, the results of the imaginary variable parameter (X8) became clear. Its value was (0.811) and its sign was positive and it is significant at the level of (1%), and this means that the use of modern technologies has a positive effect by raising the productivity of farms applying modern technologies.
Effectiveness of Pumpkin Juice and Butylated Hydroxyanisole Supplemented to Yogurt on Lipid Profile for Hypercholesterolemia Rats
Authors: Shihab Oroba Bahjat , Ahmed Inas Khaled , Jassim Mohammed Ahmad 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Experimental animals with hypercholesterol will be fed yogurt fortified with concentrated pumpkin juice and the industrial antioxidant butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), and their health will be monitored. Rats were fed either a standard diet (T1), a high-fat diet (T2), or a high-fat diet (T3) supplemented with 2 ml of yogurt per day. Rats were also fed either a high-fat diet (T4) supplemented with 2 ml of yogurt per day fortified with concentrated pumpkin juice (T4), or a diet high in fat (T5) supplemented with 2 ml of yogurt per day fortified with the synthetic antioxidant Hypercholesterolemia in male rats as measured by plasma total cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, and liver enzymes. Adult rats were fed by tube feeding and weighed, then randomized into five groups. One of the most notable findings was that hypercholesterolemia in animals resulted in a statistically significant increase (p0.05) in cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL-C concentrations compared to the control group, and a statistically significant decrease (p0.05) in HDL-C concentration. The experimental results showed that the groups given yogurt supplemented with pumpkin juice had significantly higher HDL concentrations and lower levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-C, AST, and ALT compared to the control group.
Study of the Level of Lead and Zinc in Five Species of Fish in Tigris River
Authors: Mahidi Ammar Anzi , Albashr Tariq Kh. M. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The research was carried out in the Tigris River, specifically in two distinct areas, namely Tikrit and Samarra within the Salah al-Din province, during the period of May 1, 2022, to January 9, 2021. The selection of these two stations was made with the intention of collecting fish samples for the purpose of assessing the presence of heavy element contamination in the fish population. This study was conducted at the laboratories of the Department of Food Sciences in the College of Agriculture, and the Department of Chemical Engineering in the College of Engineering at the University of Tikrit. The objective of the study was to assess the extent of heavy metal contamination, specifically lead and zinc, in various parts of fish including meat, liver, gills, and intestines. The study focused on five species of fish commonly found in the Tigris River, namely Zori, Nile tilapia, Aspius vorax, Silurus triostegus, and Carrasobarbus luteus. Additionally, the study encompassed two regions, Tikrit and Samarra, located in Salah al-Din province. The bi-interaction recorded a significant difference in the lead element, the highest value of which was (5.14 PPM) in the Nile tilapia muscles, and the lowest value (0.001 PPM) in the Nile tilapia gills, where the bi-interaction between the type of fish and the location was not recorded in the zinc element in the Samarra location, it reached the highest level The zinc element in the average of the sample type was (37.17 PPM) in the liver of the studied fish, and the lowest value was (8.82 PPM) in the intestines of the studied fish.
The Effect of Iraqi Jasmine Leaf (Lonicera Japonica) Aqueous and Alcoholic Extract on the Productive Performance of Broiler Ross 308 Chickens
Authors: Al-Shemery Najeh Jabir , Ali Nihad Abdul-Lateef , Zangana Bushra S. R. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This study was carried out at Al-Anwar Poultry Company in the Babil Governorate of Iraq. The objective of the study was to investigate the results of adding an aqueous and alcoholic extract of Iraqi jasmine leaves (Lonicera Japonica L.) to the drinking water of broiler chickens in order to see what kind of effects it would have. There were a total of seven different treatments, and each replication had three copies of ten birds. The following experimental procedures were carried out on the birds while they were being observed in the floor rising hall for a period of 35 days: In treatments 2–4, the aqueous extract of Iraqi jasmine leaves was added to the drinking water at a dose of 10 ml/litre, with concentrations of 15%, 30%, and 45%, respectively. In treatments 5–7, the alcohol extract of Iraqi jasmine leaves was added to the drinking water at a dose of 10 ml/litre, with concentrations of 15%, 30%, and 45%, respectively. Where it was determined that the seventh treatment was statistically (p0.05) superior to the first treatment (control) in terms of average live body weight in week five and total weight gain, and where it was determined that the second and seventh treatments recorded the best food conversion coefficient relative to the first treatment. While neither the aqueous nor the alcoholic extract of Iraqi jasmine leaves had any effect on the feed intake of grilled chickens, the flavour of the chicken was significantly altered.
Assessment Performance Across Generations of Iraqi Indigenous Brown Chickens Under Selection for High Egg Production
Authors: Hassan Bushra F. , Razuki Waleed M. , Al-Nedawi Ahmed M. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
A study was conducted to evaluate sexual and productive performance of Iraqi indigenous brown chickens. Data were descended from 2234 females across six-generation of selection for high egg production. Data of age at first egg [AFE], body weight at first egg [BWFE], first egg weight [FEWT], egg weight [EW], egg number [EN], and egg mass [EM] were recorded individually. The average of AFE, BWFE, FEWT, EW, EN and EM was 149.31d, 1489.59g, 35.7g, 44.44g, 110.39 egg\hen, and 4895.01g, respectively. Monthly gg number was 10.07, 20.35, 21.16, 20.12, 19.36, 18.13 egg\hen from moth 1 to 6 respectively. Monthly egg weights were 37.69, 41.51, 44.23, 45.78, 47.46, 48.72 g from moth 1 to 6 respectively. Monthly egg mass was 379.91, 849.78, 935.46, 921.31, 918.84, and 882.43 g from moth 1 to 6 respectively. The effect of generation, hatch and season showed highly significant effect on sexual and productive traits. The higher FEWT and BWFE shown in the second generation compared to other generations. The cumulative EN and EM from the onset of lay to 43 weeks of age varied between generations where the highest EN and EM was recorded in the six-generation compared to the first generation. EW achieved better values in the second generation [47.60g] while the lowest was recorded in the third to the sixth generations [ca 43.0g]. EW increased with age-progressive. The hatch effect had a significant effect on FEWT, BWFE, AFE, EN, EW, and EM. Hens hatched first achieved better performance compared to the second hatch. The effect of season was significant on FEWT, BWFE, AFE, EN, EW, and EM. Birds hatched in the spring season achieved higher FEWT, BWFE, EW, and greater days to reach maturity. The overall EN for the hens hatched in the spring season was significantly lower than their counterparts hatched in the other season times. Birds hatching in the winter season achieved higher EN than in other seasons. Results suggest that Iraqi brown local chickens shown in the current work have good potential for egg-productive traits and could be used as a gene pool for enhancing egg production through selection approaches.
Effect of Breed and some Non-Genetic Factors on Productive Performance in Two Sheep Breeds
Authors: Alwan Ibrahim Hussein , Aljubouri Thamer R. S. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This study was conducted with the animal field of Al-Kafeel Company/Barakat Aba Al-Fadl (peace be upon him) station during the period from December 2021 to July 2022, the experiment included 200 lambs (100 lambs of Iranian Karakul breed, 100 lambs of local Hamdani) The number of male lambs was 88 while the female was 112, this study aims to compare the productive performance between the two breeds from birth to the age of 6 months, and to study the effect of non-genetic factors (dam’s weight, dam age, and sex of lambs) in productive traits, Birth and weaning weights were recorded at the age of six months, and body measurements for both breeds (body length, height at the wither and rump, chest and abdomen circumference) The results indicated a highly significant (P<0.01) superiority of the Karakul lambs over the local Hamdani breed in body weights, chest circumference at birth, body weight, chest and abdominal circumference at weaning, body weight and all body measurements at six months of age, Highly significant (P<0.01) for male lambs over females in body weights and body length, wither and rump height at weaning, body weight, all body measurements at six months of age, for both breeds. In addition to the presence of a highly significant difference (P<0.01) for the weight of lambs produced from dams with a high weight of more than 50 kg compared with lambs produced from dams with a weight of 30-49 kg at birth and weaning and at the age of six months, respectively, and most of the body measurements, While the non-significant effect of the age Dam on the weights of the lambs was on the weights of the lambs and most of the body measurements of both breeds. The results showed a positive and significant correlation (P < 0.01) between the weight of dams and lambs weight at birth and weaning and at six months of age, also to the correlation of the weights of the previous lambs with the subsequent weights of both breeds, Thus The possibility of using these factors of lambs in breeding programs for early selection of lambs and improving productive performance near marketing.
The Effect of Adding Xylanase Enzyme to Diets of Broilers Containing De-Hulled Sunflower Meal as a Substitute for Soybean Meal on Growth, Gastrointestinal Mass, Biology, and Intestinal Morphology, Blood Serum Biochemical Traits
Authors: Al-molah Mohammed Ibrahim , Kloor Ibrahim Said , Al-Taee Raghad Nabeel Dawood 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This study was conducted in the Poultry Research Hall of the Department of Animal Production/College of Agriculture and Forestry/University of Mosul, with the aim of studying the effect of adding xylanase enzyme to broiler rations containing de-hulled sunflower meal instead of soybean meal on digestive mass, biology and morphology of the intestines, and serum biochemicals Traits. It used 360 non-sexed broiler chicks (Ross-308), with an average hatching weight of 41.50 grams. the chicks were randomly distributed in a factorial experiment with two factors (4×2) to eight feeding treatments, with three replicates for each treatment and 15 chicks for each replicate, homogeneous in their weights. And for a period of 42 days of age. The results indicated that the substitution of de-hulled sunflower meal by 33% did not have a significant effect on live body weight, feed consumption, intestinal morphology and biology, and blood serum biochemistry compared with the control treatment. While it was observed that a significant deterioration (P≤0.05) occurred in all of these characteristics when the substitution level was increased to 66 and 100%, these two treatments also caused an increase in the relative weight of the gizzard and small intestine and in the number of pathogenic bacteria (E. coli) compared with the control treatment. The results of the statistical analysis of the interference case showed a significant decrease (p≤ 0.05) for the partial and total substitution treatments (66 and 100% Dh-SFM with or without xylanase enzyme) in the live body weight, with a deterioration in the morphological characteristics of the jejunum segment and an increase in the relative weight of the gizzard. And small intestine compared with the negative and positive control treatments.
Genetic and Phenotypic Trend and Inbreeding Effects for Sexual and Egg Production Traits of Iraqi Local Chickens
Authors: Al-Ghabban A. J. SH. , Razuki Waleed M. , Al-Anbari E. H. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
A study was conducted to estimate genetic and phenotypic trend and inbreeding effect on a sexual and egg production trait in Iraqi brown local chickens. Data on 2234 hens raised in poultry research stations from successive 6 generations of selection for high egg production during the first 24 weeks of production were used. Data of age at sexual maturity (ASM), body weight at sexual maturity (BWSM), first egg weight (FEWT), egg weight (EW), egg number (EN), and egg mass (EM) were recorded individually. The univariate animal models under Average Information Restricted Maximum Likelihood (AI-REML) of Wombat package were applied to estimate the heritability, BLUP-breeding value and inbreeding rate. The heritability estimates based on individual animal model was 0.39±0.05, 0.42±0.05, 0.17±0.04, 0.68±0.04, 0.40±0.05 and 0.40±0.05 for the traits mentioned above respectively. Average breeding values across generation tend to be positive in productive traits but it was negative in ASM, BWSM and FEW. The overall predicted genetic gains, after 6 generations of selection, estimated by the regression coefficients of the breeding value on generation number were equal to -0.010, 0.029, 0.033, -0.397, -1.514, and -41.541, for ASM, BWSM, FEWT, EW, EN and EM, respectively. In conclusion, the moderate to high heritability estimated for egg production traits suggested that these traits could be improved through selection. The effect of the inbreeding rate negatively on some traits and positively on other traits suggested that both traits could not be improved simultaneously using additive selection. The inconsistency between phenotypic and genetic trends suggests that genetic progress was not achieved in a higher magnitude.