bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fine structural localization of connexin‐36 immunoreactivity in mouse cerebral cortex and thalamus
Authors: Liu Xiao‐Bo , Jones Edward G. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe mounting physiological evidence for low‐resistance electrical coupling between thalamic and cortical neurons contrasts with a lack of morphological data on gap junctions in thalamus and cortex. Connexin‐36 is a neuronally specific protein associated with low‐resistance gap junctions in the central nervous system. Connexin‐36 localization was studied in the mouse somatosensory cortex and thalamus by using immunocytochemistry and immunoelectron microscopy. Expression of connexin‐36 immunoreactivity is widespread in the forebrain and significantly enhanced in the barrel cortex and thalamic reticular nucleus during the second postnatal week, but it extends to other thalamic nuclei as well. At the electron microscopic level, pre‐ and postembedding immunogold labeling revealed that 70–76% of connexin‐36‐immunolabeled particles were localized at focal sites on apposed plasma membranes of cortical and thalamic dendrites; approximately 5% of the particles were associated with parasynaptic membranes; but on no occasion could overt, morphologically identifiable gap junctions be demonstrated in association with connexin‐36 immunoreactivity. The widespread distribution of focal concentrations of connexin‐36 subunits could provide a basis for the electrical coupling that exists between cortical and reticular thalamic neurons, but morphologically definable gap junctions may be too small to be adequately visualized by conventional immunoelectron microscopy. J. Comp. Neurol. 466:457–467, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Extraordinary diversity in vasopressin (V1a) receptor distributions among wild prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster): Patterns of variation and covariation
Authors: Phelps Steven M. , Young Larry J. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe vasopressin V1a receptor is a gene known to be central to species differences in social behavior, including differences between the monogamous prairie vole and its promiscuous congeners. To examine how individual differences compare with species differences, we characterize variability in the expression of the vasopressin V1a receptor (V1aR) in a large sample of wild prairie voles. We find a surprising degree of intraspecific variation in V1aR binding that does not seem attributable to experimental sources. Most brain regions exhibit differences between upper and lower quartiles that are comparable to differences between species in this genus. Regions that are less variable have been implicated previously in regulating monogamous behaviors, suggesting that the lack of variation at these sites could reflect natural selection on mating system. Many brain regions covary strongly. The overall pattern of covariation reflects the developmental origins of brain regions. This finding suggests that shared mechanisms of transcriptional regulation may limit the patterns of gene expression. Such biases may shape both the efficacy of selection and the pattern of individual and species differences. Overall, our data indicate that the prairie vole would be a useful model for exploring how individual differences in gene expression influence complex social behaviors. J. Comp. Neurol. 466:564–576, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Stereotyped neuropil branching of an identified stomatogastric motor neuron
Authors: Wilensky Ann E. , Baldwin David H. , Christie Andrew E. , Graubard Katherine 
Published: October 2003

AbstractAnatomical studies of the crab stomatogastric ganglion (STG) have suggested only minimal organization within the neuropil of this structure. Here, we present evidence that, for at least one intrinsic neuron type, the ventricular dilator (VD) neuron, a highly organized and stereotyped branching structure exists within the stomatogastric neuropil. Specifically, we show the morphology of the VD neuron consists of a single primary neurite that projects from the soma into the neuropil and bifurcates into a pair of subprimary neurites, which in turn exit the neuropilar region, one entering the left and the other the right medial ventricular nerve. Nearly all secondary neurite branching of the VD neuron is from the subprimary neurites. There are approximately 22 secondary branches/neuron (range 14–28), with no significant difference between the number of secondary branches off the right vs. the left subprimary neurite, although the ratio of secondary branches between subprimaries varies (range 0.4–1.6). The fine neurites that branch from the secondary processes segregate hemispherically within the neuropil, based on the subprimary neurite of origin. Within this hemispherical organization, another level of fine neurite segregation is present, namely, the fine neurites derived from each secondary branch are restricted to discrete regions of the hemisphere with only minimal overlap with those derived from other secondary branches. Monte Carlo simulations show that this segregation differs significantly from a random distribution. The organization of branching seen in the VD neuron may play a critical role in the electrotonic and local computational organization of this neuron and sets the stage for physiological experimentation addressing these issues. J. Comp. Neurol. 466:554–563, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genetic heterogeneity and ploidy level analysis among different gynogenetic clones of the polyploid gibel carp
Authors: Wei Wen‐Hui , Zhang Jing , Zhang Yi‐Bing , Zhou Li , Gui Jian‐Fang 
Published: October 2003

AbstractBackgroundSome triploid and tetraploid clones have been identified in the gynogenetic gibel carp,Carassius auratus gibelioBloch, by karyotypic and cytologic analyses over many years. Further, 5–20% males and karyotypic diversity have been found among their natural and artificial populations. However, the DNA contents and the relation to their ploidy level and chromosome numbers have not been ascertained, and whether normal meiosis occurs in spermatogenesis needs to be determined in the different clones.MethodsThe sampled blood cells or sperms were mixed with blood cells from chicken or individual gibel carp and fixed in 70% pre‐cooled ethanol overnight at 4°C. The mixed cell pellets were washed 2–3 times in 1× phosphate buffered saline and then resuspended in the solution containing 0.5% pepsin and 0.1 M HCl. DNA was stained with propidium iodide solution (40 μg/mL) containing 4 kU/ml RNase. The measurements of DNA contents were performed with Phoenix Flow Systems.ResultsTriploid clones A, E, F, and P had almost equal DNA content, but triploid clone D had greater DNA content than did the other four triploid clones. DNA content of clone M (7.01 ± 0.15 pg/nucleus) was almost equal to the DNA content of clone D (5.38 ± 0.06 pg/nucleus) plus the DNA content of common carp sperm (1.64 ± 0.02 pg/nucleus). The DNA contents of sperms from clones A, P, and D were half of their blood cells, suggesting that normal meiosis occurs in spermatogenesis.ConclusionsFlow cytometry is a powerful method to analyze genetic heterogeneity and ploidy level among different gynogenetic clones of polyploid gibel carp. Through this study, four questions have been answered. (a) The DNA content correlation among the five triploid clones and one multiple tetraploid clone was revealed in the gibel carp, and the contents increased with not only the ploidy level but also the chromosome number. (b) Mean DNA content was 0.052 pg in six extra chromosomes of clone D, which was higher than that of each chromosome in clones A, E, F, and P (about 0.032 pg/chromosome). This means that the six extra chromosomes are larger chromosomes. (c) Normal meiosis occurred during spermatogenesis of the gibel carp, because DNA contents of the sperms from clones A, P, and D were almost half of that in their blood cells. (d) Multiple tetraploid clone M (7.01 ± 0.15 pg/nucleus) contained the complete genome of clone D (5.38 ± 0.06 pg/nucleus) and the genome of common carp sperm (1.64 ± 0.02 pg/nucleus). Cytometry Part A 56A:46–52, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Monitoring cell cycle distributions in living cells by videomicrofluorometry and discriminant factorial analysis
Authors: Savatier Julien , Vigo J. , Salmon J.‐M. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractBackgroundThe study of the cell cycle of living cells is often based on quantification of nuclear DNA. These studies may be improved by multifactorial analysis evaluating several parameters for each cell.MethodsSingle lymphoblastoid living cells were labeled with three fluorescent markers: Hoechst 33342 for nuclear DNA, Rhodamine 123 for mitochondria, and Nile Red for plasma membrane. Numerical image analysis allowed us to obtain, for each cell, morphological parameters (e.g., cell size, nuclear size, and shape) and functional information (e.g., nuclear DNA content, level of mitochondria energetic state, and the amount and properties of the plasma membrane) by fluorescence intensity. These parameters were used in a typological analysis that separated control cells into four groups.ResultsA discriminant factorial analysis (DFA) confirmed the four groups: G0–G1, S, G2+M, and polyploid cells called Gn. These groups were significantly different, with a classification probability of 0.9999; these control cells defined a learning population. Different populations of untreated and adriamycin‐treated cells were analyzed as additional individuals within a DFA and were classified into the G0–G1, S, G2+M, and Gn groups by their probability of belonging to each of the groups.ConclusionsThis approach is particularly efficient when it is used to determine variations in cellular properties and to objectively study cellular populations. Cytometry Part A 55A:8–14, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cell‐mediated cytotoxicity evaluation using monoclonal antibody staining for target or effector cells with annexinV/propidium iodide colabeling by fluorosphere‐adjusted counts on three‐color flow cytometry
Authors: Özdemir Öner , Ravindranath Yaddanapudi , Savaşan Süreyya 
Published: October 2003

AbstractBackgroundIn addition to 51chromium release assay, flow cytometric methods have been described to assess in vitro cell‐mediated cytotoxicity. In this report, we describe a new flow cytometric approach for determination of in vitro cell‐mediated cytotoxicity utilizing three‐color flow cytometric assay.MethodsThis method is based on monoclonal antibody staining of either effector or target cells to evaluate cytotoxicity with increased accuracy by utilizing fluorospheres for calibration. The basic strategy involves labeling effector or target cells with a specific fluorescent‐conjugated monoclonal antibody, in addition to staining with annexinV‐FITC and propidium iodide to identify apoptotic/dead cells. The effector and target cell populations as well as conjugates were clearly and easily identified by this approach.ResultsWe obtained significant correlation between cytotoxicity calculated by this technique and 51chromium release assay results. The integration of fluorospheres allowed us to determine the absolute number of events reflective of the cumulative cell death rather than a cross‐sectional, percentage‐based cytotoxicity assessment in the target cell population at the time of analysis.ConclusionsThis method provides additional advantages to other methods and enables the study of target cell fate in more detail, as well as providing a potential contribution to understanding the mechanisms of cell elimination. Cytometry Part A 56A:53–60, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Circulating levels of neuroactive steroids in patients with binge eating disorder: A comparison with nonobese healthy controls and non‐binge eating obese subjects
Authors: Monteleone Palmiero , Luisi Michele , De Filippis Gennaro , Colurcio Barbara , Monteleone Patrizia , Genazzani Andrea R. , Maj Mario 
Published: October 2003

AbstractObjectivesIncreased plasma levels of allopregnenolone (3α,5α‐tetrahydroprogesterone [3α,5α‐THP]), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and DHEA sulphate (DHEA‐S) have been reported in patients with anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa. To assess whether those changes are related to malnutrition, we investigated plasma levels of neuroactive steroids in women with binge eating disorder (BED) who compulsively binge as bulimic patients, but do not incur malnutrition.MethodsSixty‐eight women participated in the study (31 nonobese healthy controls, 9 nonobese patients with BED, 16 obese patients with BED, and 12 obese non‐binge eating women). Blood samples were collected in the morning for determination of plasma levels of 3α,5α‐THP, DHEA, DHEA‐S, and cortisol.ResultsNonobese BED women had significantly higher plasma levels of DHEA, DHEA‐S, and 3α,5α‐THP than nonobese healthy women. Similarly, obese individuals with BED exhibited significantly higher neurosteroid plasma levels than non‐binge eating obese subjects. No significant differences in plasma cortisol levels were observed among the groups.DiscussionThis study shows increased plasma levels of neuroactive steroids in BED patients. These findings could have been influenced by methodologic limitations (e.g., the absence of diurnal sampling). However, they suggest that if malnutrition is involved in the determination of increased plasma levels of neuroactive steroids in people with anorexia or bulimia nervosa, then different factors may induce similar effects in people with BED. Alternatively, common unknown factors could be responsible for neurosteroid changes in anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and BED. © 2003 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 34: 432–440, 2003.
Family interactions predict intraindividual symptom variation for adolescents with bulimia
Authors: Okon Deborah M. , Greene Anita L. , Smith Jane Ellen 
Published: October 2003

AbstractObjectiveFollowing family systems and stress theories, this study considered predictors of symptom variation experienced by adolescents with bulimia.MethodsUsing experience sampling methodology, 20 girls clinically diagnosed with bulimia nervosa completed questionnaires about hassles and bulimic symptoms for 1 week, eight times daily, whenever they were contacted by pager. Perceived family environment was defined by the Family Environment Scale and the Conflict Behavior Questionnaire.ResultsRegression analyses found that potent family hassles were positive predictors of bulimic symptoms later that day for girls who perceived their family as having high levels of conflict or low levels of emotional expressiveness. This was not found when girls perceived their family environment as more normal.DiscussionWithin the context of a perceived dysfunctional family environment, potent family hassles can predict interindividual and intraindividual bulimic symptom variation for adolescent girls. © 2003 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 34: 450–457, 2003.
Binge eating and binge eating disorder in a small‐scale, indigenous society: The view from Fiji
Authors: Becker Anne E. , Burwell Rebecca A. , Navara Kesaia , Gilman Stephen E. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractObjectiveAlthough the cross‐cultural prevalence of anorexia and bulimia nervosa has been investigated in multiple studies, little is known about the prevalence and correlates of binge eating and binge eating disorder (BED) cross‐culturally. No published studies to date have explored BED in small‐scale, indigenous, or developing societies. The current study investigated the prevalence and correlates of binge eating in a community sample of Fijian women living in rural Fiji.MethodsFifty ethnic Fijian women completed a self‐report measure developed for this study on dieting and attitudes toward body shape and change, a Nadroga‐language questionnaire on body image, and the Questionnaire on Eating and Weight Patterns‐Revised (QEWP‐R). Their height and weight were also measured. Patterns of dieting, high body mass index (BMI), and attitudes toward eating and body image were compared between women with and without a history of binge eating.ResultsTen percent of respondents reported at least weekly episodes of binge eating during the past 6 months and 4% endorsed symptoms consistent with BED. Binge eating in this sample was associated significantly with a BMI value above 35, a history of dieting, and a high concern with body shape. Binge eating was not associated with several markers of acculturation in this sample, although it was associated with a key, nontraditionally Fijian (i.e., acculturated) attitude toward the body.DiscussionBinge eating occurred in a social context with traditions concerning weight and diet widely disparate from Western populations. However, correlates of binge eating in this sample suggest that nontraditional Fijian attitudes toward weight and body shape play a contributory role. © 2003 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 34: 423–431, 2003.
Analysis of photocurrents in low‐temperature polysilicon thin‐film transistors and the use of simulation to design LDD devices
Authors: Nanno Yutaka , Senda Kohji , Mashimo Shunji , Kuramasu Keizaburou , Tsutsu Hiroshi 
Published: October 2003

AbstractDesign rules are presented for the suppression of photocurrents generated in the depletion layers of the channel/drain junction regions of low‐temperature poly‐Si thin‐film transistors (TFTs). Device simulation based on modeling the behavior of the density of states in a low‐temperature poly‐Si TFT was used to find the width of the junction depletion layer. These simulations show that in order to suppress photocurrents to below 6 pA, the LDD region must have a sheet resistance in the range of 30 and 70kΩ/□, which forces its length to exceed 1 µm. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 86(11): 29–36, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.10021
Stacked gate insulator of photooxide and PECVD film from SiH4 and N2O for low‐temperature poly‐Si thin‐film transistor
Authors: Nakata Yukihiko , Okamoto Tetsuya , Itoga Takashi , Hamada Toshimasa , Ishii Yutaka 
Published: October 2003

AbstractA stacked gate insulator consisting of photooxide and PECVD film prepared from SiH4 and N2O for use in low‐temperature poly‐Si thin‐film transistors has been developed. The rate of photooxidation using a Xe excimer lamp is the same for (100) and (111) single‐crystal Si wafers, and SiO2 with good coverage of the poly‐Si can be formed by photooxidation. By applying low‐RF power conditions, under which the ion impact damage is smaller, the interface trap density can be improved in a thin oxide film with a thickness of several nanometers. When a PECVD film is formed from SiH4 and N2O, N is accumulated in the SiO2/Si surface, but the surface N can be reduced if the film is formed at the surface by oxidation. In the stacked gate insulator film consisting of photooxide and PECVD films constructed under these conditions, a good SiO2/Si interface with an interface trap density of 2 to 3 × 1010cm−2eV−1 can be formed by photooxidation with a substrate temperature of 200 to 300 °C. This interface trap density is equivalent to that of a thermal oxidation film formed at 950 °C, and is an improvement of approximately 1/10 compared to the PECVD film. The constructed stacked gate insulator film exhibited a flat‐band voltage shift in reliability tests. This is attributed to hole traps produced by N taken up by the SiO2 film during the formation of the PECVD film. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 86(11): 21–28, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.10100
Development of location and status management system for various systems
Authors: Oishi Haruo , Kurauchi Masaki , Kuwaki Nobuo , Osada Masanori , Ohkubo Masanori 
Published: October 2003

AbstractCurrently, many vehicle operation management systems that combine GPS and wireless communications devices are being used. Since these were developed as dedicated systems that were specialized to a vehicle operation management application, a major system overhaul is required to implement a connection with another system that requires the vehicle information. We proposed and developed a workforce location and status management system that operates in conjunction with multiple business systems and has the following three features: (1) it is an open system based on location and status management, (2) it has a multilayer data stream, and (3) it controls multiple business applications. We confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed system by applying it to NTT's failure repair application. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 86(11): 50–60, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.10200
The time course of stereopsis: The delayed VEP component correlate of figure–ground processes
Authors: Miyawaki Yoichi , Hayashi Ryusuke , Maeda Taro , Tachi Susumu 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe authors sought to analyze the time course of human stereopsis process, and focused on the measurement of VEP. The evoked response in stereopsis has been considered as a single component appearing with a latency of approximately 200 ms, but it has recently been revealed that the response is composed of two components with different properties. This paper discusses the relation between the second latency range in the two‐peaked response and the figure‐ground process. The characteristics of the figure‐ground stimulus are defined and examined by the size ratio of the single rectangular region (figure) of the random‐dot stereogram with binocular disparity to the background (ground). As a result, two successively generated negative components are observed. Of those, the initial component of the latency of approximately 150 ms increases the response with the absolute amount of stimulus, and is independent of the size ratio to the background. The second component with a latency of approximately 250 ms exhibits a stronger response when the figure region is narrowed. The response decreased with increase of the stimulus size, and disappeared when the whole stimulus was uniform. The above tendency of the response is verified, independently of the kind of local cue that defines the figure region. These results indicate that the second component has a strong correlation to the figure‐ground process, and also the latency range related to the binocular fusion is located before the occurrence of the second component. A discussion of the neural mechanism underlying the two‐peaked response is also presented, from the viewpoints of the relative delay of the second component and the local cue‐independent continuous response modulation. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 86(11): 72–86, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.10202
An adaptive microphone array using multiple fictitious sources
Authors: Kobayashi Kazunori , Furuya Ken'ichi , Kataoka Akitoshi 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThis paper proposes a method of carrying out stable sound acquisition even if the targeted sound source moves, by constraining the sensitivity of an adaptive microphone array using multiple fictitious sources. Although the adaptive microphone array can achieve significant noise suppression, the conventional one has a problem in that the desired sound degrades and the noise increases when the desired sound source moves. In our method, multiple fictitious sources are used to constrain the sensitivity to the sound acquisition range. This effect is confirmed by a simulation comparing the proposed method and conventional ones. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 87(2): 20–32, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.10131