bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FC‐56  Nodular and non‐nodular focal alopecia related to drug injections: a retrospective study of 32 dogs
Authors: Berrocal A. 
Published: August 2004

Cutaneous manifestations of idiosyncratic adverse drug reactions are considered uncommon. These manifestations are the result of unexpected drug effects, independent of dose, and are not related to the known mechanism of action of the drug. The pathogenesis is not well understood and may occur through immunologic or nonimmunologic mechanisms. Several clinical cutaneous manifestations of drug reactions are described: anaphylaxis, immune‐complex formation with or without vasculitis, allergic contact dermatitis, erythema multiforme and injection‐site reactions. Thirty‐two dogs were recorded with focal nodular and non‐nodular alopecia. Skin biopsies were taken from 31 cases for histopathological examination. Cytology was done in the remaining case. Based on clinical information and dermatopathological findings, they were divided into five groups. Group 1 included 17 toys dogs (10 French poodles) with non‐nodular circular alopecia associated with rabies vaccination. Group 2 dogs showed a nodular focal panniculitis and included five dogs (three French poodles); three had received a multivalent vaccine and the other two a rabies vaccine. Group 3 dogs included three females (two Maltese terriers) with circular alopecia related to an injectable progestin. Group 4 included three dogs (a Pekinese, a Shih Tzu and a French poodle) that had received glucocorticoid injections. Group 5 was a miscellaneous group of four dogs; two dogs had received injectable ivermectin, another ketoconazole, and there was no clear indication that the fourth dog had received a drug injection. Funding: Self‐funded.
FC‐57  Interspecies differences in the percutaneous permeation of substances with various lipophilicities
Authors: Niedorf F. , Netzlaff F. , Schäfer U. , Kietzmann M. 
Published: August 2004

In veterinary medicine, the percutaneous permeation of drugs has relevance to therapeutic and forensic problems. It is commonly investigated in Franz diffusion cells using the excised skin of different mammalian species. Drug permeation characteristics through skin are considered to be significantly influenced both by the biochemical constitution of the stratum corneum and by the number and depth of hair follicles. Drug absorbance characteristics thus show a marked interspecies variance. This complicates the comparison of results obtained in different studies using different species. We examined the species influence on permeation parameters of three test compounds with different lipophilicities (benzoic acid, caffeine and testosterone) in Franz diffusion cells under standardized conditions. While testosterone was found to have the highest permeation coefficient, the permeation coefficients of benzoic acid and caffeine were lower and similar in all species. As expected, the absolute permeabilities showed marked interspecies differences, but the order of permeabilities of the test compounds was conserved in all species. The intraindividual coefficient of variation showed no significant difference between the examined species; the interindividual variation was significantly less marked in bovine skin than in other species. We conclude that the skin of different species can be used for the examination of skin permeation. However, results are transferable to other species only if they were obtained under standardized test conditions. Funding: German Federal Ministry of Education and Research.
FC‐60  The role of a fresh oleaster leaf preparation in healing of experimental wounds in calves: a histopathologic study
Authors: Derakhshanfar A. , Oloumi M. M. 
Published: August 2004

Oleaster (Elaeagnus angustifolia) is a small tree that grows throughout Iran. Using smashed tree leaves combined with olive oil is proposed in one ancient Iranian text as a good remedy for wound healing. Our objective was to evaluate this remedy experimentally. The study was carried out in two female 10‐month‐old Holstein calves. An area of 10 × 10 cm on each side of the thorax was surgically prepared and infiltrated with local anaesthetic. Eight uniform skin wounds were created in two rows with an 8‐mm biopsy punch on each prepared area. Each side of an animal was used to evaluate one treatment (Groups 1–4). To make the mixture, fresh oleaster leaves (50 gm) were smashed with a pestle and mixed with olive oil (25 gm). The wounds were treated for 7 days. The wounds of Groups 1–3 were rinsed daily with normal saline, after which the mixture of oleaster and olive oil (Group 1) or only the olive oil (Group 2) was applied. In Group 4, no treatment was applied. All wounds were left open. On day 8, skin biopsies were taken from the wounds for histopathologic study. Group 1 wounds all showed mild granulation tissue, scab formation and complete re‐epithelialization. In Group 2, there was mild granulation tissue, massive scab formation and minimal re‐epithelialization. In Groups 3 and 4, mild granulation tissue, severe scab formation and very limited re‐epithelialization were observed. We conclude that a fresh oleaster leaf preparation can be an effective remedy for wound healing. Funding: Self‐funded.
FC‐61  The role of a liquorice preparation in healing of experimental wounds in calves: a histopathologic study
Authors: Oloumi M. M. , Derakhshanfar A. 
Published: August 2004

Liquorice, a derivative of the root of Glycyrrhizia glabra, has been proposed as a treatment for gastric ulcers. Here, a preparation of liquorice combined with sesame oil was evaluated in experimental wound healing. The study was carried out in two female 10‐month‐old Holstein calves. An area of 10 × 10 cm on each side of the thorax of the animals was surgically prepared and infiltrated with local anaesthetic. Eight uniform skin wounds were created in two rows with an 8‐mm biopsy punch on each prepared area. Each side of an animal was used to evaluate one treatment (Groups 1–4). To make the mixture, powdered and sieved liquorice (16 g) was mixed with sesame oil (36 g) to make a suspension. The wounds were treated for 7 days. The wounds of Groups 1–3 were rinsed daily with normal saline, after which the mixture of liquorice and sesame oil (Group 1) or only the sesame oil (Group 2) was applied to the wounds. In Group 4, no treatment was applied. All wounds were left open. On day 8, skin biopsies were taken from the wounds for histopathologic study. In Group 1, seven wounds (87%) showed moderate granulation tissue, mild scab formation, and complete re‐epithelialization. In Group 2, there was massive scab formation with no granulation tissue and minimal re‐epithelialization. In Groups 3 and 4, mild granulation tissue, severe scab formation and very limited re‐epithelialization were observed. We conclude that a preparation of liquorice and sesame oil can be an effective remedy for wound healing. Funding: Self‐funded.
FC‐62  Pale sulphonated shale oil exhibits antimicrobial and tissue repairing effects in wound healing
Authors: Gayko G. 
Published: August 2004

A proliferation‐promoting effect on keratinocytes as well as increased generation of the wound‐healing factor PDGFαβ could be observed in vitro in the presence of diluted aqueous solutions of pale sulphonated shale oil. Concomitantly, pale sulphonated shale oil exhibits antimicrobial properties against all infectious agents that are relevant in wound infection and delayed healing, including methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Since most antiseptic substances and local antibiotics cause delayed wound healing, pale sulphonated shale oil has special significance in this field. For this reason, a project for development and approval of a medicinal veterinary product for wound healing in horses according to European Community procedures has been started. No approved product for horses is currently available in Europe. In a dose‐finding study, a hydrogel formulation containing 20% pale sulphonated shale oil as the active pharmaceutical ingredient was found to be most efficient in wound healing. In a study on target‐species tolerance in horses, this formulation proved to be well tolerated in long‐term topical application. Case studies from the clinical efficacy trial show a broad profile of action of pale sulfonated shale oil. Funding: ICHTHYOL‐Gesellschaft.
ISVD‐2  Chytridiomycosis – an emerging and fatal infectious skin disease of amphibians
Authors: Oevermann A. , Robert N. 
Published: August 2004

Chytridiomycosis, a mycotic cutaneous infection of amphibians, was first described in frog populations in Australia and Central America and was consequently found in wild and captive anurans and urodeles worldwide. It is now considered an emerging infectious disease and a key factor in the dramatic global decline of amphibians. The aetiological agent is Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, a member of the fungal phylum Chytridiomycota in the order Chytridiales. Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis is the first and only chytrid known so far to be pathogenic for vertebrates. The keratinophilic fungus causes significant mortality in postmetamorphic amphibians, while tadpoles are spared. Clinical signs vary depending on species and include abnormal posture, lethargy, behavioural changes, loss of righting reflex, bilateral mydriasis, reddening as well as greyish‐white discolouration of the skin, abnormal sloughing, and occasional erosions and ulcers. Death usually occurs within a few days after the onset of clinical signs. At necropsy, gross lesions are confined to the skin and are characterized by greyish‐white discolouration and thickening and sloughing of the skin with occasional erosions and ulcers, particularly on the extremities and the abdominal and pelvic regions. Histologically, the skin lesions are characterized by marked hyperkeratosis with numerous spherical fungal thalli (zoosporangia) within the thickened keratin layer, irregular epidermal hyperplasia, intercellular oedema, and occasional necrosis of epidermal cells, as well as exocytosis of low to moderate numbers of mainly lymphocytes. A mild inflammatory infiltrate (heterophils, lymphocytes, and macrophages) may be present in the dermis. The pathogenesis of chytridiomycosis is largely unknown. However, it is thought that the epidermal hyperplasia and hyperkeratosis seriously compromise the function of the skin which is essential for respiration, water absorption, regulation of body temperature, and homeostasis of electrolytes and serves as a shield against pathogenic organisms. Diagnosis of chytridiomycosis can be achieved by routine histology. The fungal structures can be readily detected on H&E sections. Microscopic examination of skin scrapings stained with lactophenol is a quick method for detection of B. dendrobatidis on dead and living animals. Electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry, PCR, and fungal culture are useful tools to confirm the diagnosis. Administration of azoles (e.g. fluconazole, itraconazole), baths with formalin/malachite green solution, and elevation of the environmental temperature have been described for treatment. Funding: Self‐funded.
ISVD‐4  Deep cutaneous ulcerations secondary to atherosclerosis in a hypothyroid dog
Authors: Beco L. , Heimann M. 
Published: August 2004

The purpose of this report is to describe the clinical and histopathological characteristics of deep cutaneous ulcerations secondary to atherosclerosis. A 5‐year‐old Dalmatian dog was presented with slowly progressive, slightly puritic, nonpainful skin ulcers involving the lateral tarsus, the inner thigh, and one footpad. The hair coat was greasy, dull and covered by oily scales. The tail was alopecic. The dog was abnormally quiet, bradycardic and had a swollen puffy face. Complete blood count revealed a moderate anaemia, and the chemistry panel revealed a severe hypercholesterolemia (12.03 g/L) and hypertriglyceridemia (7.91 g/L). Endocrine tests unveiled low serum T4 (<4.67 ng/mL) and high endogenous TSH (2.08 ng/mL). Histological examination of skin biopsy specimens demonstrated deep chronic ulcers. Beneath these ulcers, deep dermal and subcutaneous medium to large arteries exhibited variable degrees of sclerosis, multiple foci of lipid deposition, and large foamy lipid‐laden histiocytes infiltrating within the tunica intima and media. Rare neutrophils and lymphocytes occasionally infiltrated the arterial walls. Oral thyroxin supplementation induced rapid changes in the dog's attitude, facial swelling and heart rate. The hair coat improved dramatically and ulcers rapidly healed following treatment implementation. There are only rare descriptions of clinical consequences of atherosclerosis in the veterinary literature. To our knowledge, this is the first report of atherosclerosis‐related cutaneous ulceration in dogs. Atherosclerosis is rare in this species, where it most often occurs secondary to diabetes mellitus and hypothyroidism. Ischaemia induced by atheromatous plaques and secondary thrombosis is likely the cause of the skin ulceration in this patient. Funding: Self‐funded.
ISVD‐5  Canine leproid granuloma in the northeastern United States
Authors: Mauldin E. A. , Goldschmidt M. H. , Rankin S. C. 
Published: August 2004

Four cases of canine leproid granuloma were diagnosed in the spring and summer of 2003 by the Laboratory of Toxicology and Pathology at the University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine. All dogs presented with one or more firm, often bilateral, ulcerated nodules on the dorsal ear fold. Excisional biopsies revealed nodular areas of granulomatous to pyogranulomatous inflammation with intracellular acid‐fast bacilli. Two dogs, a 10‐year‐old, neutered male Rottweiler and a 6‐year‐old, spayed female Rottweiler, had no travel history outside of New Jersey and Pennsylvania. A 5‐year‐old, female beagle and a 6‐year‐old, spayed female greyhound travelled throughout the eastern United States, but no travel was reported during the time the lesions developed. Two dogs responded completely to surgical excision. Two dogs required multiple excisional biopsies and oral doxycylcine (5 mg/kg twice daily) or orbifloxacin (10 mg/kg daily) before lesions resolved. Nine additional cases were identified retrospectively since 1991. These included three additional greyhounds, three mixed‐breed dogs, a Chesapeake Bay retriever, an Airedale terrier, and an English springer spaniel. Of the 13 total dogs, 11 had lesions located on the pinna, one on the muzzle, and one on the nasal planum. This is the first documentation of canine leproid granuloma in this region of the United States. Funding: Self‐funded.
Accuracy and clinical usefulness of the near‐patient testing CoaguChek S international normalised ratio monitor in rural medical practice
Authors: Jackson Shane L. , Bereznicki Luke R. , Peterson Gregory M. , Marsden Katherine A. , Jupe David M. L. , Vial Janet H. , Rasiah Rohan L. , Misan Gary , Williams Sharon M. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractObjective:  To compare the accuracy and clinical usefulness of the near‐patient testing CoaguChek S INR monitor in rural medical practice. Design, setting and main outcome measures:  General practices were identified through Australian university departments of rural health. Study investigators trained general practitioners and/or practice nurses in the use of the CoaguChek S INR monitor. General practices obtained a fingerprick sample for testing with the INR monitor to compare with conventional pathology testing for accuracy. An evaluation questionnaire was administered to users of the machine to assess ease of use and clinical usefulness. Results:  A total of 169 patients from 15 general practice sites provided 401 paired (CoaguChek S and laboratory) INR results. The CoaguChek S was found to be accurate when compared to laboratory INR (
r = 0.89), despite complicating variables such as multiple users of the monitor and multiple laboratories used for comparison with the CoaguChek S INR. Overall, 88% of dual INR measurements were within 0.5 INR units of each other. For laboratory INR ≤ 1.9, 2.0–3.5 and ≥ 3.6, 97%, 90% and 57% of readings were within 0.5 INR units, respectively. Clinical agreement occurred 93% and 90% of the time against published expanded and narrow criteria, respectively.Conclusions:  The routine use of near‐patient testing, with appropriate training and quality assurance programs, has the potential to increase the safety and efficacy of warfarin therapy in rural and remote communities. What is already known on this subject? :  There is clear evidence of the under use of warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and the under‐use is greatest in rural areas. One of the barriers to the use of warfarin in these areas is the relative lack of access to pathology services for regular international normalised ratio (INR) testing What does this study add? :  This study demonstrates that the performance of the CoaguChek S INR monitor in the rural general practice setting was excellent. Our results indicate that the CoaguChek S INR monitor has the potential to lead to safer and more effective use of warfarin and therefore to better management of anticoagulated patients in rural and remote areas
Hepatitis C education needs of rural general practitioners working in northern New South Wales
Authors: Fraser John , Alexander Christian , Fisher Karin 
Published: August 2004

AbstractObjective:  To assess hepatitis C continuing medical education (CME) needs of GPs working in rural northern New South Wales (NSW). Methods:  Anonymous reply paid postal questionnaires sent to all 634 GPs working in northern NSW in August 2000 with a follow‐up in September 2000. Data were analysed using descriptive and χ

2

statistics for association. Results:  Two hundred and ninety‐two GPs replied (response rate 46.1%). Sixty‐three per cent of respondents were aware of hepatitis C management protocols. Hepatitis C information was most accessed by reading written material (93%), attending seminars (63%) and using the protocol (57%).  Rural GPs need to balance hepatitis C education with other competing topics. We found restricted access to CME in rural areas with GPs requesting a greater range of delivery modes. Conclusions:  GPs have an increasing role in hepatitis C management. Hepatitis C CME must be balanced against GPs’ patient load, interest and competing learning needs. What is already known on this topic:  Recent Australian policies recommend increasing management of hepatitis C in primary care to improve equity of access of health services.  Educational resources and protocols have been distributed to all GPs in Australia to support this changing model of care.  There is limited evidence that interactive CME can change professional behaviour with didactic sessions showing limited impact. What this paper adds:  Sixty‐three per cent of respondents were aware of hepatitis C management protocols.  Hepatitis C information was most accessed by reading written material (93%), attending seminars (63%) and using the protocol (57%).  Rural GPs need to balance hepatitis C education with other competing topics.  We found restricted access to CME in rural areas with GPs requesting a greater range of delivery modes.
Interactive videoconferencing system for rural health education: A preliminary report
Authors: Newbury Jonathan , McKenzie Warren 
Published: August 2004

AbstractObject:  To establish a videoconferencing network in a new Rural Clinical School. Design:  A report on choosing hardware and connecting multiple sites simultaneously. Setting:  Rural South Australia. Subjects:  Undergraduate medical, nursing and allied health students. Interventions:  None. Main outcome measures:  Establishment of an effective multisite, dual mode videoconferencing system. Results:  The choice of hardware was simple, but acquiring adequate broadband connection between sites proved difficult. Conclusions:  Multi‐site meetings for academic and administrative purposes are now routine. Evaluation of the effectiveness of medical education delivery will occur throughout 2004. What is already known on this subject:  Point to point videoconferencing is an established part of health service delivery in rural Australia. The new rural clinical schools were funded to deliver 50% of the clinical years of medical education in rural settings. Additional information technology funds were offered by the Department of Health and Ageing to support this program. What does this paper add?:  Progress in establishing a videoconferencing system for health education is described. This system is intended to deliver both data, via electronic white boards, together with audio and video image (i.e. dual mode). Adequate bandwidth connection by Frame Relay technology along copper wires is achievable. A videoconference ‘bridge’ allows multiple sites to interact simultaneously.
Palliative care by nurses in rural and remote practice
Authors: Rosenberg John P. , Canning Debbie F. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractObjective:  To evaluate the experiences of a group of rural and remote nurses in providing palliative care and to discuss the implications of this evaluation for the development and implementation of professional support strategies. Design:  Semi‐structured survey comprising 23 items measuring perceptions of the nature of rural and remote practice, the provision of palliative care in these settings and the appropriateness of various professional development strategies; as well as 12 open‐ended questions to obtain qualitative descriptions relating to key concepts in rural and remote practice. Setting:  Rural and remote communities in the Southern zone of Queensland Health. Subjects:  Thirty‐one registered and enrolled nurses, all female, who attended a two‐day professional development workshop. Main outcome measures:  Identification of characteristics of, barriers against and strategies to support the practice of palliative care in rural and remote communities. Results:  High levels of agreement with key statements relating to issues evident in contemporary literature regarding rural and remote nursing practice; qualitative descriptions show congruence with key statements. Conclusions:  This evaluation demonstrated congruence between the challenges faced by this group of nurses and those reported in the literature. These nurses identified the importance of peer networking as an integral part of their work, which enhanced their potential as rural and remote palliative care providers. What is already known:  The issues faced by nurses in rural and remote communities have been described in previous studies. For the most part, these had not specifically targeted the practice of palliative care in this setting. It was not clear whether the practice of palliative care brought distinct challenges to nurses. What this paper adds:  This paper adds to the growing body of knowledge about the professional development needs of nurses in rural and remote communities in relation to the practice of palliative care. It suggests that the nurses surveyed in this study share many challenges in common with nurses practising rural and remote settings. Palliative care is understood to be an integral part of practice, despite the infrequency of palliative care clients and the diverse roles they carry out. Barriers to professional development related to geographical and professional isolation are shared in common. An imperative emerges to identify professional development strategies that are directly relevant to rural and remote settings, to improve access to professional development resources and to promote sustainable peer support networks.