bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Redefining the Inclusion Criteria for Successful Steindler Flexorplasty Based on the Outcomes of a Case Series in Eight Patients
Authors: Gatskiy Alexander A. , Tretyak Ihor B. , Bahm Jörg , Tsymbaliuk Vitaliy I. , Tsymbaliuk Yaroslav V. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background (rationale) Steindler flexorplasty (SF) is aimed at restoring independent elbow flexion in the late stages of dysfunction of the primary elbow flexors. Selection criteria for successful SF have been defined.
Objectives The purpose of this study was to redefine the inclusion criteria for successful SF based on functional outcomes.
Methods Eight patients received SF after an average of 50.8 months after injury or dysfunction. Three patients (37.5%) met all five Al-Qattan inclusion criteria (AQIC), and another five patients (62.5%) met four or less AQIC. Patients were followed up for at least 9 months, and the maximum range of active elbow flexion (REF) was measured. Functional results of SF were assessed using the Al-Qattan scale (in accordance with Al-Qattan's scale).
Results The mean maximum REF was 100 degrees (70 to 140 degrees). Five patients reached REF greater than 100 degrees. One patient had a poor outcome, two patients (25%) had a fair outcome, three patients (37.5%) had a good outcome, and two patients (25%) had an excellent outcome of SF on the Al-Qattan scale. The impact of each AQIC on functional outcome has been critically reviewed from a biomechanical point of view.
Conclusions The sufficient number of inclusion criteria required for successful SF can be reduced from five (according to AQIC) to two; Normal or near-normal function (M4 or greater on the MRC scale) of the muscles of the flexor-pronator mass should be considered an obligatory inclusion criterion, while primary wrist extensors may be considered an optional inclusion criterion.
Breaking silence and constructing intersubjectivity: ways of solving the conflicts in The Woman Warrior and The Kitchen God’s Wife
Authors: Guo Haixia 
Published: October 2023

Abstract“Silence” is a form of “being invisible”. It occupies an important position in “non-native” women writers’ works in the United States. While focusing on the silence in Maxine Hong Kingston’s The Woman Warrior: Memoirs of a Girlhood Among Ghosts and Amy Tan’s The Kitchen God’s Wife, this study attempts to explore and reveal the conflicts hidden behind silence: the conflict between genders, the conflict between races, and the conflict between Chinese culture and American one. In The Woman Warrior, the narrator’s father and mother’s silence about and prohibition of the mention of the no-name aunt are reflections of the ideology of the patriarchal world; the conflict between races is revealed in the silence of the narrator in American schools, and in her whisper before the bosses who are racists. In The Kitchen God’s Wife, Winnie’s secret about her past and her silence about her husband’s wrong doings show her contempt and disillusionment of the whole patriarchal society. The obstruction in the communication between the narrator and her mother in The Woman Warrior and the silence between Winnie and her daughter, Pearl in The Kitchen God’s Wife are not only a problem of generation gap, but more importantly, the great differences between two cultures: mother represents Chinese culture while daughter the American one. The analysis shows that in order to solve the conflicts, women characters not only have to break silence, but also assert their subjectivity and acknowledge both the self and the other. Relying on Jessica Benjamin’s theory on intersubjectivity, this paper asserts that equal and successful communication between genders, races and cultures can be achieved through the construction of intersubjectivity.
Investigation of test methods for QC in dual-energy based contrast-enhanced digital mammography systems: II. Artefacts/uniformity, exposure time and phantom-based dosimetry
Authors: Marshall N W , Cockmartin L , Bosmans H 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Part II of this study describes constancy tests for artefacts and image uniformity, exposure time, and phantom-based dosimetry; these are applied to four mammography systems equipped with contrast enhanced mammography (CEM) capability. Artefacts were tested using a breast phantom that simulated breast shape and thickness change at the breast edge. Image uniformity was assessed using rectangular poly(methyl)methacrylate PMMA plates at phantom thicknesses of 20, 40 and 60 mm, for the low energy (LE), high energy (HE) images and the recombined CEM image. Uniformity of signal and of the signal to noise ratio was quantified. To estimate CEM exposure times, breast simulating blocks were imaged in automatic exposure mode. The resulting x-ray technique factors were then set manually and exposure time for LE and HE images and total CEM acquisition time was measured with a multimeter. Mean glandular dose (MGD) was assessed as a function of simulated breast thickness using three different phantom compositions: (i) glandular and adipose breast tissue simulating blocks combined to give glandularity values that were typical of those in a screening population, as thickness was changed (ii) PMMA sheets combined with polyethylene blocks (iii) PMMA sheets with spacers. Image uniformity was superior for LE compared to HE images. Two systems did not generate recombined images for the uniformity test when the detector was fully covered. Acquisition time for a CEM image pair for a 60 mm thick breast equivalent phantom ranged from 3.4 to 10.3 s. Phantom composition did not have a strong influence on MGD, with differences generally smaller than 10%. MGD for the HE images was lower than for the LE images, by a factor of between 1.3 and 4.0, depending on system and simulated breast thickness. When combined with the iodine signal assessment in part I, these tests provide a comprehensive assessment of CEM system imaging performance.
Shoot-through proton FLASH irradiation lowers linear energy transfer in organs at risk for neurological tumors and is robust against density variations
Authors: Kneepkens Esther , Wolfs Cecile , Wanders Roel-Germ , Traneus Erik , Eekers Danielle , Verhaegen Frank 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective. The goal of the study was to test the hypothesis that shoot-through FLASH proton beams would lead to lower dose-averaged LET (LETD) values in critical organs, while providing at least equal normal tissue sparing as clinical proton therapy plans. Approach. For five neurological tumor patients, pencil beam scanning (PBS) shoot-through plans were made, using the maximum energy of 227 MeV and assuming a hypothetical FLASH protective factor (FPF) of 1.5. The effect of different FPF ranging from 1.2 to 1.8 on the clinical goals were also considered. LETD was calculated for the clinical plan and the shoot-through plan, applying a 2 Gy total dose threshold (RayStation 8 A/9B and 9A-IonRPG). Robust evaluation was performed considering density uncertainty (±3% throughout entire volume). Main results. Clinical plans showed large LETD variations compared to shoot-through plans and the maximum LETD in OAR is 1.2–8 times lower for the latter. Although less conformal, shoot-through plans met the same clinical goals as the clinical plans, for FLASH protection factors above 1.4. The FLASH shoot-through plans were more robust to density uncertainties with a maximum OAR D2% increase of 0.6 Gy versus 5.7 Gy in the clinical plans. Significance. Shoot-through proton FLASH beams avoid uncertainties in LETD distributions and proton range, provide adequate target coverage, meet planning constraints and are robust to density variations.
A systematic approach for calibrating a Monte Carlo code to a treatment planning system for obtaining dose, LET, variable proton RBE and out-of-field dose
Authors: Tjelta Johannes , Fjæra Lars Fredrik , Ytre-Hauge Kristian Smeland , Boer Camilla Grindeland , Stokkevåg Camilla Hanquist 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective. While integration of variable relative biological effectiveness (RBE) has not reached full clinical implementation, the importance of having the ability to recalculate proton treatment plans in a flexible, dedicated Monte Carlo (MC) code cannot be understated . Here we provide a step-wise method for calibrating dose from a MC code to a treatment planning system (TPS), to obtain required parameters for calculating linear energy transfer (LET), variable RBE and in general enabling clinical realistic research studies beyond the capabilities of a TPS. Approach. Initially, Pristine Bragg peaks (PBP) were calculated in both the Eclipse TPS and the FLUKA MC code. A rearranged Bortfeld energy-range relation was applied to the initial energy of the beam to fine-tune the range of the MC code at 80% dose level distal to the PBP. The energy spread was adapted by dividing the TPS range by the MC range for dose level 80%–20% distal to the PBP. Density and relative proton stopping power were adjusted by comparing the TPS and MC for different Hounsfield units. To find the relationship of dose per primary particle from the MC to dose per monitor unit in the TPS, integration was applied to the area of the Bragg curve. The calibration was validated for spread-out Bragg peaks (SOBP) in water and patient treatment plans. Following the validation, variable RBE were calculated using established models. Main results. The PBPs ranges were within ±

0.3

mm threshold, and a maximum of 5.5% difference for the SOBPs was observed. The patient validation showed excellent dose agreement between the TPS and MC, with the greatest differences for the lung tumor patient. Significance. A procedure for calibrating a MC code to a TPS was developed and validated. The procedure enables MC-based calculation of dose, LET, variable RBE, advanced (secondary) particle tracking and more from treatment plans.
Tuning magnetic and optical properties in As–Ge (Si) co-doped MoS2 monolayer by defect-defect interaction
Authors: Zhang Sifan , Li Jin , Fu Zhentao , Deng Jiao , Hao Guolin , He Chaoyu , Ouyang Tao , Tang Chao , Zhong Jianxin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Modulating magnetic properties in monolayer MoS2 is important for the applications in spintronics and magnetism devices. In this work, we have studied the electronic, magnetic and optical properties of co-doped monolayer MoS2 with As–Ge (Si) doping on S surfaces through the first-principle calculations. Our results show that the magnetic properties of monolayer MoS2 can be tuned effectively by the distance of co-doped atoms. The projected density of state and the charge transfer demonstrate the interaction and superexchange coupling between As and Ge (Si) atoms are the key factor in the magnetic properties of co-doped structures. Furthermore, it is found that co-doping can also induce spin-polarized optical properties in low-energy region, which makes the co-doped MoS2 attractive candidates for spin-polarized photoelectric device applications.
The azimuth manipulation of nonlocal photorefractive spatial solitons
Authors: Wang S-F 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
By reducing the Helmholtz equation in the form of complex vector, a new non-local Kerr media model is obtained. The solutions of vector multi-pole mode solitons and vortex solitons are derived and analyzed by using the variational method. Then, the spatial modulation nonlinearity and orbital azimuth modulation (OAM) of the model are studied by using the rotation equation. The results show that when the different modulated parameters are selected, the different rotation structures of vector multi-pole mode solitons or vortex solitons can be formed and it has a certain significance for the shape shaping and control of the soliton.
Enhancement of the structural, optical, and dispersion performance of polyvinyl alcohol via coronene additive for optoelectronic applications
Authors: Al-Muntaser A A , Alzahrani Eman , Abo-Dief Hala M , Saeed Abdu , Al-Marhaby F A , Al-Harthi Amani M , Tarabiah A E 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Composite films made of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) filled with various coronene concentrations were fabricated via the solution casting method. Several characterization techniques were used to examine the prepared samples. The x-ray diffraction study shows decreasing semi-crystalline properties in PVA/coronene composites with increasing coronene levels, thereby improving charge carrier mobility and enhancing conductivity. The alterations in the chemical functional groups of the PVA/coronene composites were explored using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The impact of coronene molecules on the optical characteristics of PVA was investigated in the spectral ranges of 190-2500 nm. PVA/coronene composite exhibits higher UV blocking in the 190-400 nm wavelength range, suitable for UV notch filters like laser blocking filters. By increasing the coronene filling ratio from 0 wt% to 3 wt%, both the indirect and direct optical band-gap of PVA films decreased from 5.19 eV and 5.77 eV to 3.85 eV and 5.18 eV, respectively. The single oscillator model (Wemple-DiDomenico) was used to explain the refractive index dispersion region. The extracted values of dispersion energy (Ed), oscillator energy (Eo), dielectric constant at infinite frequency (ε
∞), and lattice dielectric constant (ε
L) of PVA/coronene composite samples increased from 0.78 eV, 2.41 eV, 1.32 and 1.41 to 13.44 eV, 12.22 eV 2.10 and 2.13, respectively. These changes in dispersion parameters are due to cross-linking between the PVA polymeric matrix and the coronene. As a result of these improvements, PVA/coronene films could be applied to flexible packaging applications and optoelectronic devices like solar cells or light-emitting diodes.
Mass transport and thermal properties of liquid (melting to boiling point) tungsten: a molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Gohil D R , Shankar A , Bhatt N K 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We present molecular dynamics simulation to obtain melting point, structural and atomic transport properties of liquid tungsten. We considered the second-neighbor extended Finnis-Sinclair (EFS) potential as an effective interaction. We find melting temperature (T
M) and density in agreement with the reported values. EFS potential gives accurate information for structure factor S(q), pair correlation function g(r), and transport coefficients like self-diffusion coefficient and viscosity upto ∼1.5T
M. Large viscosity proposes the rheological nature of liquid W. The self-diffusion coefficient follows the Arrhenius law giving the activation energy 1.22 eV. We find ’shoulder’ in the second peak of S(q), which disappears with temperatures. This characteristic is attributed to the high density and clustering of W-atoms at the near-neighbor distance. The asymmetric first peak in g(r) and shoulder in S(q) proposes that the liquid W exhibits non-normal metallic behaviour. Discrepancy observed in caloric properties for temperature >6000 K is also discussed. We propose that the ’softness’ and broad dip in EFS potential are responsible for these discrepancies, and necessitate the inclusion of angular forces. The single particle correlation is discussed in terms of the velocity autocorrelation function and the long-wavelength limit of S(q) is utilized to derive adiabatic sound velocity in confirmation with reported results.
PRIYA: a new suite of Lyman-α forest simulations for cosmology
Authors: Bird Simeon , Fernandez Martin , Ho Ming-Feng , Qezlou Mahdi , Monadi Reza , Ni Yueying , Chen Nianyi , Croft Rupert , Di Matteo Tiziana 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe present the PRIYA suite of cosmological simulations, based on the code and hydrodynamic model of the ASTRID simulation, and designed for cosmological analyses of the Lyman-αforest. Our simulation suite spans a 9-dimensional parameter space, including 4 cosmological parameters and 5 astrophysical/thermal parameters. We have run 48 low fidelity simulations with 15363particles in a 120 Mpc/h box and 3 high fidelity simulations with 30723particles in a 120 Mpc/h box. All our simulations include a full physics model for galaxy formation, including supernova and AGN feedback, and thus also contain a realistic population of DLAs. We advance on earlier simulations suites by larger particle loads, by incorporating new physical models for patchy hydrogen and helium reionization, and by self-consistently incorporating a model for AGN feedback. We show that patchy helium reionization imprints an excess in the 1D flux power spectrum on large scales, which may allow future measurements of helium reionization bubble sizes. Simulation parameters are chosen based on a Latin hypercube design and a Gaussian process is used to interpolate to arbitrary parameter combinations. We build a multi-fidelity emulator for the 1D flux power spectrum and the mean IGM temperature. We show that our final interpolation error is < 1% and that our simulations produce a flux power spectrum converged at the percent level forz= 5.4–2.2. Our simulation suite will be used to interpret Lyman-αforest 1D flux power spectra from SDSS and future DESI data releases.
News from the Swampland — constraining string theory with astrophysics and cosmology
Authors: Schöneberg Nils , Vacher Léo , Dias J.D.F. , Carvalho Martim M.C.D. , Martins C.J.A.P. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Our current best guess for a unified theory of gravitation and quantum field theory (string theory) generically predicts a set of requirements for a consistently quantized theory, the Swampland criteria. Refined versions of these criteria have recently been shown to be in mild tension with cosmological observations. We summarize the status of the current impact of and constraints on the Swampland conjectures from cosmology, and subject a variety of dark energy quintessence models to recently released cosmological datasets. We find that instead of tightening the tension, the new data allows for slightly more freedom in the Swampland criteria. We further demonstrate that if there is no theoretical argument made to prevent interactions of the moduli fields with the electromagnetic sector, a novel fine-tuning argument arises from the extremely tight current constraints on such interactions. Finally, we conclude with a cautionary tale on model-independent reconstructions of the Swampland criteria from expansion rate data.
The VENUS imaging beamline at the Spallation Neutron Source: layout, expected performance and status of the construction project
Authors: Bilheux H Z , Bilheux J C , Hanks R A , Byrd A , Jones A , Skorpenske H , Donnelly M E , Mangus R , Conner D , Lessard T L , Venkatakrishnan S , Tang S , Thomasson T , Keener W S , Rennich G 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Located at the Spallation Neutron Source, VENUS is an instrument optimized for wavelength-dependent neutron imaging techniques, namely Bragg edge and resonance imaging, across a broad range of neutron energies (from meV to hundreds of eV). The VENUS construction project started in Fall 2018, establishing a conceptual design of the major components and timeline for purchasing, testing, and installation. Completion of the VENUS instrument is anticipated late 2024. This instrument comprises components such as a set of boron carbide apertures designed for both thermal/cold and epithermal neutrons, a suite of choppers (T0 and single disks), beam collimators, and a cadmium filter. The time-of-flight detector at VENUS will be the micro-channel-plate Timepix detector and will be positioned 25 m away from the source. This manuscript describes the instrument general layout, explains the choice of the moderator, and specifies the VENUS key capabilities. It also provides the status of the construction project with installed components. Discussions about software development are also presented.
Neutron imaging software tools at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Authors: Bilheux Jean C , Bilheux Hassina Z , Zhang Yuxuan , Crompton Rich , Bedynek Matthew J , Zhang Chen , Parker Peter , Granroth Garrett , Lin Jiao , Lumsden Ian , Sebold Simon , Neuwirth Tobias 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Over the past decade, Oak Ridge National Laboratory developed neutron capabilities at both the High Flux Isotope Reactor and the Spallation Neutron Source. A broad scientific portfolio has flourished at both facilities such that a new facility named VENUS is currently under construction at the Spallation Neutron Source. With a large range of applications, comes a broad range of user expertise regarding data processing, analysis, and visualization. Our team has developed and implemented a suite of tools to respond to all user needs. These tools span from data reduction, normalization, general tools such as organization of data folders, pre-processing of data, etc., to strain mapping, neutron grating interferometry, and advanced reconstruction algorithms for computed tomography. This manuscript provides an overview of some of the aforementioned tools.
Development of an areal density imaging for boron and other elements
Authors: Tsuchikawa Y , Kai T , Abe Y , Oikawa K , Parker J D , Shinohara T , Sato I 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Boron areal densities in pure boron samples were determined using energy-resolved neutron measurements. For non-destructive measurement of boron content, the neutron-energy spectrum was measured with prompt γ-ray activation analysis. It was confirmed that the areal density of samples could be measured with 1% to 10% accuracy for high boron content by neutron energy spectrum analysis. The viability of this analysis is also discussed compared with the traditional quantitative analysis.
A new method to obtain the crystallographic texture of polycrystalline materials in Bragg edge imaging experiments
Authors: Alvarez M A Vicente , Malamud Florencia 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In polycrystalline materials, the shape and height of Bragg edges observed in wavelength resolved neutron transmission experiments depend on the crystallographic texture. Previous works have proved the capacity of actual models to predict the transmission spectra once the texture of the material is known. In this work, we summarize the recent advances done trying to obtain information of the texture from the experimental transmission data. The basis of this method resides in a compact expression of the coherent elastic cross section in terms of the Fourier coefficients of the orientation distribution function, which describes the crystallographic texture. The validity of this method is restricted to the applicability of the kinematic approximation of diffraction (polycrystalline materials with grain sizes below 10μm) and to materials with spatially uniform texture.
Measurements of gas-liquid two-phase flow dynamics using high-speed neutron imaging
Authors: Ito D , Odaira N , Ito K , Saito Y , Kurita K , Iikura H 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Gas-liquid two-phase flow appears in many heat-exchanging devices. The two-phase flow dynamics should be clarified to understand the phenomena in such devices. Although many measurement techniques have been applied to two-phase flow experiments, measuring the gas-liquid interfacial structure is difficult, which changes temporally and spatially. In this study, high-speed neutron imaging is used to measure two-phase flow dynamics, and the accuracy of the void fraction measurement is investigated. In high-speed neutron imaging, image blurring and distortion occur due to light and object motion intensifying. As a result, the quantitative accuracy might decrease. So, the rotating stainless-steel calibration disk, which simulates the bubble behavior in water, is observed by high-speed neutron imaging. Several noise reduction filters are tested to remove the blur and noise in the acquired images. Finally, the air-water two-phase flow is visualized by high-speed neutron imaging, and noise filtering is applied.