bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on the Correlation between Blood Urea Nitrogen, Creatinine Level, Proteinuria and Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Yang Guang , Wang Ling Zhi , Zhang Rong , Zhang Xiao Yu , Yu Yue , Ma Hai Rong , He Xiao Gang 
Published: January 2024

Introduction:
Parkinson's disease (PD) is related to renal insufficiency. The purpose of this study was to explore the correlation between PD and blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and proteinuria.

Methods:
The case-control study method was adopted in this study. In total, 200 patients with PD who were hospitalized in the Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University were selected as the PD group, and 110 healthy patients during the same period were selected as the control group. The differences in clinical data and laboratory results between the two groups were compared. Logistic regression analysis, ROC curve, and Spearman correlation analysis were used to determine the correlation between PD and blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and urine protein.

Results:
The levels of cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), and apolipoprotein B in the PD group were lower than those in the control group. The levels of creatinine, urea nitrogen, and proteinuria in the PD group were higher than those in the control group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that elevated blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and urine protein levels were risk factors for PD, and elevated LDL-C levels were protective factors for PD. The blood urea nitrogen level of patients with PD was positively correlated with the course of PD, Hoehn–Yahr staging, and UPDRS exercise score (r = 0.309, 0.434, and 0.540, respectively; P < 0.01). Serum creatinine level was positively correlated with the course of PD, Hoehn–Yahr staging, and UPDRS exercise score (r = 0.139, 0.320, and 0.290, respectively; P < 0.01).

Conclusion:
Blood urea nitrogen, creatinine levels, and proteinuria can be regarded as the onset of PD and a biomarker of disease progression.
Histopathological Validation of Microvascular Anastomosis using Two-Throw Reef Knots - An Experimental Study
Authors: Gohil Dhaval , Mahadevan Anita , Prabhuraj AR , Pruthi Nupur 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Knot configuration is an important but relatively neglected topic in microvascular anastomosis literature.

Objective:
To study the differences between end-to-end microvascular anastomosis performed with two-throw reef knots as compared to traditional three-throw knots in a rat femoral artery model at the histological level.

Material and Methods:
Sprague Dawley rats underwent end-to-end microvascular anastomosis of the right femoral artery (one-way-up method). The rats were divided into two groups: two-throw reef knots versus traditional three-throw knots. The patency was checked by the standard empty refill method. After 2 weeks, the rats underwent re-exploration. An anastomotic segment was sent for histological analysis. Histological alterations including luminal patency and changes in Tunica intima, Tunica media, and Tunica adventitia were compared between the two groups.

Results:
Twenty-nine rats were operated on by the senior author (17 by three-throw and 12 by two-throw reef knots). In the two-throw reef knot group versus the traditional three-throw knot group, the immediate patency rates were 100% versus 82.4%, and the delayed patency rates were 90.9% versus 62.5%, respectively. The histopathological patency rates were concordant with delayed patency rates. Subintimal proliferation and fibrosis were comparable in both groups. Adventitial granulomas were noted in all, irrespective of the knotting technique. Tunica media preservation rates for the two-throw reef knot versus the traditional three-throw knot group were 63.6% versus 0%. Five rats were operated by the beginner in the field, all by two-throw reef knots (to assess the safety of this new method in the hands of a beginner).

Conclusion:
Microvascular anastomosis performed with two-throw reef knots appears not only feasible but better in terms of anastomosis patency. Histological superiority in terms of Tunica media preservation further validates the technique.
Clinical Spectrum of Biopsy Proven Mitochondrial Myopathy
Authors: Menon Deepak , Nair Sruthi S , Radhakrishnan Neelima , Saraf Udit Umesh , Nair Muralidharan 
Published: January 2024

Objectives:
Clinical spectrum of mitochondrial myopathy extends beyond chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (CPEO). While information on encephalomyopathies is abundant, clinical data on predominant myopathic presentation of mitochondrial disorders are lacking.

Materials and Methods:
Clinical, electrophysiological, biochemical, and follow-up data of patients with predominant myopathic presentation and muscle biopsy confirmed primary mitochondrial myopathy was obtained. We excluded known syndromes of mitochondrial cytopathies and encephalomyopathies.

Results:
Among 16 patients, 7 had CPEO, 4 had CPEO with limb-girdle muscle weakness (LGMW), and 5 had isolated LGMW. Systemic features included seizures with photosensitivity (n = 3), diabetes (n = 1), cardiomyopathy (n = 1), and sensorineural hearing loss (n = 1) and were more common in isolated LGMW. Elevated serum creatine kinase (CK) and lactate levels and electromyography (EMG) myopathic potentials were more frequent with LGMW. During follow-up, LGMW had more severe progression of weakness.

Conclusion:
We identified three subsets of mitochondrial myopathy with distinct clinical features and evolutionary patterns. Isolated LGMW was seen in 30% of patients and would represent severe end of the spectrum.
Split-face intradermal botulinum toxin versus saline injection for facial aging: a single-center study
Authors: Elbasiony Hala M. , Elfar Nashwa N. , Gheida Shereen F. , Doghim Noha N. 
Published: January 2024

Introduction
There are many treatment modalities for facial wrinkles. The most popular non-surgical one is Botulinum toxin A which inhibits Acetylcholine release at neuromuscular junctions then leads to facial muscle relaxation. It also induces collagen neogenesis, downregulates its degradation and increases skin hydration. Objectives:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intradermal injection of diluted botulinum toxin type A for facial aging.

Methods
This split face comparative study included 20 patients with facial wrinkles. The right side was injected intradermally by diluted Botulinum toxin A and the left side was injected by saline. Photographic records were acquired before and after injection. Two blinded dermatologists evaluated the results using wrinkle severity, facial pore, and global aesthetic improvement scales.

Results
There was significant improvement of facial wrinkles in the right side injected with Botulinum toxin A when compared with the left side injected with saline after treatment regarding the wrinkle severity, facial pore, and global aesthetic improvement scales, (P = 0.006, P = 0.001, and P > 0.001 respectively).

Conclusion
Double dilution of intradermal Botulinum toxin A represents an effective and cheap method to reduce facial wrinkles, pores and improve skin texture especially with forehead and crow’s feet wrinkles and in younger subjects. It has no significant side effects and is safe and lasts around three months after injection.
Flow-mediated Dilation of the Brachial Artery in Women with Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy
Authors: Oguntade Babatunde Opeyemi , Ibitoye Bolanle Olubunmi , Makinde Olufemiwa Niyi , Idowu Bukunmi Michael , Okedere Tolulope Adebayo 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background:
Hypertensive disorder of pregnancy (HDP) comprise chronic hypertension, gestational hypertension, preeclampsia/eclampsia, and preeclampsia superimposed on chronic hypertension. HDP complicate up to 10% of pregnancies worldwide and carry significant risks of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the derangement and characteristics of brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (BAFMD) in women with HDP.

Methods:
The BAFMD of the right brachial artery of 80 women with HDP (pregnant HDP), 80 normotensive pregnant women (pregnant non-HDP), and 80 healthy nonpregnant women (nonpregnant controls) was evaluated with B-mode ultrasound. The age, blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), brachial artery diameter, and BAFMD of the participants were compared. P ≤ 0.05 was statistically significant.

Results:
The pregnant HDP group had significantly lower mean BAFMD compared to pregnant non-HDP and nonpregnant controls (6.9% ± 2.53% vs. 8.32% ± 3.4% vs. 9.4% ± 2.68%; P < 0.001). There was no significant difference between the mean BAFMD of the pregnant HDP subgroups: preeclampsia (5.81% ± 1.7%) versus gestational hypertension (6.43% ± 3.02%); P = 0.57. BAFMD diminished with advancing gestational age in both the pregnant HDP and pregnant non-HDP groups. On regression analysis, BAFMD was a poor marker for HDP, while BMI was an independent predictor for HDP.

Conclusion:
Even though HDP were associated with significantly diminished BAFMD, it was not a good marker for HDP.
A study on unmet need of family planning among married tribal women in a rural area in Eastern India during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Chandra Archi , Jha Sankar Nath , Ray Rituparna 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
COVID-19 has impacted health system worldwide including family planning, acting as a major hindrance in the way of population control. This study is conducted to assess the unmet need of family planning among married tribal women, various reasons behind it, and its relation with sociodemographic variables during COVID-19 pandemic.

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted in Burda village of Purulia district of West Bengal in Eastern India. A sample size of 80 was calculated. Study subjects, who fulfilled our inclusion criteria, were selected using simple random sampling from the list of eligible couples which was obtained from ASHA. After obtaining ethical clearance from the Institutional Ethics Committee, permission from panchayat of Burda village, and consent from the study subjects, they were interviewed using a pretested, predesigned, and semi-structured schedule. Data were entered into MS Excel and analyzed using IBM SPSS version 20.0 version (Armonk, NY, USA: IBM Corp.).

Results:
81.2% were willing to use family planning methods; among them, 80% stated media as their prime source of information. 68.6% had used male condoms as a method of family planning. 82.4% stated government health-care facility as their source of availability of family planning methods. Unmet need of family planning among the study subjects was 17.5%. Major reason for nonuse of family planning methods was that they did not take anything from health-care providers due to fear of getting COVID-19 infection. Bivariate analysis showed a significant association of unmet need of family planning with educational status of husband (P = 0.023, odds ratio [OR] = 4.211) and type of family (Fisher’s exact significance = 0.047, OR = 7.719).

Conclusion:
Unmet need of family planning among tribal population is still high during this pandemic, and the causes are needed to be acted upon.
A clinical study of puberty menorrhagia in the modern era at a tertiary health-care center
Authors: Kulkarni Nitin , Jagtap Akshay , Athawale Prashant 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Puberty Menorrhagia is the most common gynecological complication. Puberty menorrhagia when accompanied by serious systemic complications such as anemia and high blood protein (i.e., hypoproteinemia) poses substantial difficulties among gynecologists. The foundation of managing puberty menorrhagia is its early diagnosis and individualized treatment customized to each and every patient. The exclusion of pregnancy is mandatory in all cases, regardless of the history, and following up regularly along with a balanced diet and iron therapy goes a long way towards successful treatment.

Objectives:
To evaluate the etiology, clinical presentation, and therapeutic efficacy in patients suffering from puberty menorrhagia in our program.

Materials and Methods:
The prospective observation study method was opted for this study. Study participants were forty women who presented to JMF’s ACPM Medical College, Dhule between November 1, 2019 and October 31, 2020 with excessive vaginal bleeding between the onset of menarche and 19 years of age. All cases were evaluated using history, physical assessment, and pertinent laboratory investigations.

Results:
In our study, half of the patients (50%) were between the age group of 13 and 16 years. Nine out of every ten patients had hemoglobin levels of 10 g% or less, and 55% of patients were suffering from puberty menorrhagia for 6 months to a year. Our study suggests that polycystic ovary disease (25%) and anovulatory dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) (47.5%) were the basic etiological factors, resulting in the puberty menorrhagia. Genitourinary tuberculosis (7.5%), idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (5%), ectocervical polyps (5%), hypothyroidism (7.5%), and Von Willebrand’s disease (2.5%) were found to be a common cause of excessive bleeding. The fundamental medical therapy for managing puberty menorrhagia comprises nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, tranexamic acids, and hormones.

Conclusion:
Menorrhagia during puberty is a distressing ailment for both the sufferer and her parents. The majority of instances are caused by self-limiting anovulatory DUB. For effective diagnosis and therapy, a thorough history, clinical examination, and investigation are required. Patient counseling is an integral aspect of management. Surgical approaches are preferred in a few cases, while long-term medical assistance is largely effective.
Episcleral brachytherapy in Portugal for the treatment of uveal melanoma
Authors: Chaves João , Raimundo Miguel , Fernandes Júlia , Casalta-Lopes João , Simões Paulo César , Murta Joaquim , Fonseca Cristina 
Published: January 2024

Purpose:
To evaluate the outcomes of our institution, the National Ocular Oncology Reference Center (Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra) on Episcleral Brachytherapy (EBT) for the treatment of uveal melanoma (UM), since its beginning in November 2013, regarding local control, survival rates, metastatic rates, and side effects and to compare them with the international literature.

Materials and Methods:
Prospective study of patients referred to the Ocular Oncology Reference Center and treated with EBT between November 2013 and August 2020. Data were collected regarding local control, survival, distant metastasis, and treatment side effects. Data analysis evaluated treatment outcomes and radiation side effects.

Results:
A total of 150 patients underwent EBT but only 143 were considered for analysis. In 95.5% of cases local control was achieved and only 4.5% underwent secondary enucleation due to treatment failure and disease progression. Tumor initial maximum diameter was a predictor of time to melanoma-related death (Hazard ratio [HR] = 1.24 [95% confidence interval [CI] - 1.03–1.50] P = 0.018) and time to metastasis (HR = 1.43 [95% CI - 1.2–1.71] P ≤ 0.001). Among the 143 patients, the most common radiation side effect was cataract (58.33%) followed by the development of any form of radiation retinopathy (42,36%). One patient (0.7%) underwent secondary enucleation due to uncontrolled neovascular glaucoma.

Conclusions:
Our results demonstrate excellent clinical outcomes of local control with EBT, with satisfactory overall survival and metastasis-free survival rates, comparable to international literature. Considering the high rates of local control and globe preservation, this research validates de use of EBT as a mainstay treatment in UM.
A comparative evaluation of sub-Tenon's anesthesia versus peribulbar anesthesia in manual small-incision cataract surgery
Authors: Deepthi P. Ramya , Amruth Chavan Kumar , Asritha Biradavolu , Gowtami Vuppaluru 
Published: January 2024

Purpose:
The purpose of this study is to compare analgesic, akinetic effects, and safety profile of sub-Tenon's and peribulbar anesthesia in manual small-incision cataract surgery (MSICS).

Materials and Methods:
In a hospital-based randomized, comparative study, patients who fulfilled inclusion criteria and who have been posted for elective surgery for uncomplicated cataracts were randomized to receive either sub-Tenon's or peribulbar block. Pain during anesthesia and surgery, akinesia, lid movements during surgery, and complications after anesthesia were assessed.

Results:
A total of 120 eyes of 120 patients were studied. Of which, 60 underwent sub-Tenon and another 60 had undergone peribulbar block. Pain during anesthesia was significantly less in sub-Tenon group (37/60, 61.6%) than peribulbar group (10/60, 16.6%), whereas pain during surgery was comparable in both groups, 40/60 (66.6%) in sub-Tenon group and 45/60 (75%) in peribulbar group. Peribulbar group has significantly Grade 0 akinesia (31/60, (51.7%) than 0% in sub-Tenon group. Mild complications such as chemosis 34/60 (56.7%) and subconjunctival hemorrhage (37/60, 61.7%) were more in sub-Tenon group than in the peribulbar group, 17/60 (28.3%) and 22/60 (36.7%), respectively.

Conclusion:
This study has shown that sub-Tenon's anesthesia provides adequate analgesia and akinesia for cataract surgery with minimal and less severe complications. Therefore, sub-Tenon's anesthesia is a relatively safe method with lesser learning curve, effective, and alternate to peribulbar anesthesia for MSICS.
An observational study of exotropia with the application of the Classification of Eye Movement Abnormalities and Strabismus
Authors: Thakre Snehal R. , Malgi Vishwesh Shirish , Deshmukh Pradnya A. 
Published: January 2024

Exotropia is a cosmetically distressing strabismus with lasting negative psychosocial impact on the patient.

Aim:
The purpose of our study was to apply the Classification of Eye Movement Abnormalities and Strabismus (CEMAS) to the patients of exotropia (XT) in our study, identify the common types and causes of this cosmetically and psychosocially distressing strabismus, and to determine if any of these causes are preventable.

Materials and Methods:
A prospective, cross-sectional study was carried out in patients aged 6 months and more with exotropia attending the ophthalmology outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital from December 2016 to July 2018. Complete strabismus evaluation of the patients was done, the exotropia seen in the patients was categorized in types according to the CEMAS classification and possible causes of exotropia were studied.

Results:
Of the total 120 patients, 110 had comitant XT, whereas 10 had incomitant. Of the 110 comitant cases, intermittent XT was maximum – 54 (45%). A significant number of patients had XT due to sensory or neurological causes 46 (38.8%). The etiology of XT due to sensory or neurological causes included amblyopia due to uncorrected refractive errors, trauma, media opacities in cornea and lens, and posterior segment diseases. Other causes included developmental delay, congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles, isolated 3rd N palsy, and basic XT.

Conclusions:
Our study shows that although majority of the patients had intermittent exotropia, a significant number of patients had exotropia due to visual or neurological causes, which may be preventable in many cases. Diagnosis of the cause of XT at the appropriate time may prevent unnecessary visual loss and reduce the negative psychosocial impact of squint.
Association between glaucoma and smoking in an eye bank sample
Authors: Valle Isabela Vianello , Coblentz Jacqueline , Mansure José Joao , Burnier Miguel N. 
Published: January 2024

Introduction:
Glaucoma is the most common cause of irreversible blindness in the world. Although smoking has an important vascular and oxidative role in cardiovascular diseases, the association of smoking with the development and evolution of glaucoma is still controversial. In this study, we aimed to correlate smoking with the incidence of glaucoma.

Subjects and Methods:
A retrospective study of 442 postmortem paired donor eyes obtained from the Minnesota Lions Eye Bank of Canada (Toronto, Ont.) between 2015 and 2019 was evaluated. All donors' eyes were collected with detailed clinical history, including the glaucoma diagnosis, gender, and smoking habits. A statistical analysis and correlation between these variables were performed.

Results:
No correlation was found between glaucoma and smoking when the total number of smokers of both genders were examined (P = 0.258). However, male patients demonstrated a significant positive correlation (P = 0.008). This correlation was not observed when only female patients were evaluated (P = 0.077). In addition, the eyes of patients, between 70 and 75 years of age (P = 0.04) and 76 and 80 years of age who were smokers, demonstrated an increased risk of glaucoma (P = 0.027). This relationship was even stronger for males between 76 and 80 years of age (P = 0.006). Interestingly, the duration of the smoking habit showed no correlation to the development of glaucoma.

Conclusion:
An association of smoking and glaucoma was found in patients between 70 and 80 years of age, particularly male patients. Further investigation will be conducted examining the histopathological features and other comorbidities to better elucidate these findings.
Correlation between Axial Length, Anterior Chamber Depth, and Other Biometric Measurements with IOL Master 700 in Normal Eyes, Short Eyes, Long Eyes, and Extremely Long Eyes in Latin American Population
Authors: Rodriguez Lopez Carlos Emiliano , Mora Gonzalez Guadalupe Fernando , Felix Jorge Rendon , Perez Garcia Saira Yadira , Ibanez Hernandez Miguel Angel , Munoz Aranzazu Robledo 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Several studies have shown the correlation between ocular biometry with refractive errors. Since these parameters can be influenced by race, ethnicity, and genetics, their differences between different populations can probably explain the differences in refractive errors. We present the biometric values measured in 431 eyes with normal, short, long, and extremely long axial length (AL) from the Latin American population.

Patients and Methods:
All eye measurements were performed using optical biometry with IOL Master and stratified according to AL and anterior chamber depth (ACD) and evaluated in relation to each other. Symmetry between right eye (RE) and left eye (LE) was also analyzed.

Setting:
The study was conducted at Private practice, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.

Results:
ACD, white-to-white (WTW), and average keratometries (K) increase as AL increases in normal, short, and long eyes, but this correlation is not maintained in extremely long eyes. Most of the short eyes and eyes with normal AL have a normal ACD, but most of the long and extremely long eyes have an ACD >2.5 mm. In normal and short eyes, the AL and WTW are symmetric in both eyes, but in long and extremely long eyes, there are significant differences between RE and LE. ACD is symmetric in RE and LE regardless of AL.

Conclusions:
The importance of the ocular biometry in Latin American eyes relies on clarifying the assumptions of biometric measurements commonly used in various areas of ophthalmology including intraocular lens calculation formulas.