bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of enteric‐coated, low‐dose aspirin on parameters of platelet function
Authors: Van Hecken A. , Juliano M. L. , Depré M. , De Lepeleire I. , Arnout J. , Dynder A. , Wildonger L. , Petty K. J. , Gottesdiener K. , De Hoon J. N. 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARYBackground : Aspirin is widely used as an anti‐thrombotic drug; however, it has been suggested that enteric‐coated formulations of aspirin may be less bioavailable and less effective as anti‐thrombotic agents.Aim : To assess the effect of a formulation of enteric‐coated, low‐dose (81 mg) aspirin on serum generated thromboxane B2 and platelet aggregation in healthy subjects.Methods : Twenty‐four subjects participated in a double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled, parallel‐group, multiple‐dose study. Twelve subjects in each of two groups received a daily oral dose of enteric‐coated aspirin (81 mg) or matching placebo for 7 days. Serum thromboxane B2 and platelet aggregation (using 1 mm arachidonic acid and 1 µg/mL collagen as agonists) were measured 1–3 days prior to day 1, on day 1 (prior to therapy) and 4 h after the last dose on day 7.Results : After seven daily doses of enteric‐coated aspirin, the mean percentage inhibition from baseline of ex vivo generated serum thromboxane B2 was 97.4%, compared with a 7.8% increase after placebo treatment. The mean percentage inhibition of arachidonic acid‐ and collagen‐induced platelet aggregation was 97.9% and 70.9%, respectively, following enteric‐coated aspirin, compared with − 1.0% and 2.7%, respectively, after placebo.Conclusions : The anti‐platelet effects of multiple, daily, low‐dose aspirin (as assessed by inhibition of serum thromboxane B2 and platelet aggregation) are not adversely affected by enteric coating.
The long‐term effects of cure of Helicobacter pylori infection on patients with atrophic body gastritis
Authors: Annibale B. , Di Giulio E. , Caruana P. , Lahner E. , Capurso G. , Bordi C. , Delle Fave G. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryBackground : Helicobacter pylori infection induces atrophic body gastritis, but the long‐term effect of its cure on body atrophy is unclear.Aim : To investigate the long‐term effects of H. pylori cure on gastric morpho‐functional parameters in patients with atrophic body gastritis.Methods : Forty patients with atrophic body gastritis were cured of H. pylori infection. Gastroscopy with biopsies, gastrin and pepsinogen I levels and basal and stimulated acid secretion were evaluated before and 6–12 months after treatment.Results : At eradication assessment (6–12 months), in eight of the 40 patients, body atrophy was no longer observed, whereas in 32 of the 40 it remained substantially unchanged (2.03 ± 0.12 vs. 1.83 ± 0.15). In the eight patients with reversed body atrophy, gastrinaemia decreased significantly with respect to pre‐treatment values (265 ± 59.9 pg/mL vs. 51.8. ± 6.04 pg/mL), and basal and stimulated acid secretion increased significantly after cure. In the 32 patients still presenting body atrophy, gastrinaemia was similar topre‐treatment values (457 ± 76.04 pg/mL vs. 335.1 ± 58.8 pg/mL). At follow‐up (21–25 and 32–70 months), the eight patients with reversed body atrophy continued with normal gastrinaemia (35.3 ± 10.1 pg/mL vs. 38.5 ± 8.8 pg/mL), but in the 19 patients with continued atrophy, both corporal atrophy and intestinal metaplasia remained substantially unchanged.Conclusions : Following successful treatment in patients with atrophic body gastritis and H. pylori infection, long‐term histological investigations are crucial in order to detect reversed body damage or to confirm continued body atrophy.
Complementary studies of the gastrointestinal safety of the cyclo‐oxygenase‐2‐selective inhibitor etoricoxib
Authors: Hunt R. H. , Harper S. , Callegari P. , Yu C. , Quan H. , Evans J. , James C. , Bowen B. , Rashid F. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryBackground : Cyclo‐oxygenase‐2‐selective non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs are intended to preserve cyclo‐oxygenase‐1‐mediated gastroprotection and platelet function, whilst inhibiting cyclo‐oxygenase‐2‐mediated inflammation.Aim : To assess the gastrointestinal safety of the cyclo‐oxygenase‐2‐selective inhibitor etoricoxib vs. non‐selective non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs.Methods : Two randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐ and active‐controlled studies were performed: (i) daily faecal red blood cell loss was measured in 62 subjects receiving etoricoxib (120 mg once daily), ibuprofen (800 mg t.d.s.) or placebo for 28 days; (ii) the incidence of endoscopically detectable gastric/duodenal ulcers was determined in 742 osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis patients receiving etoricoxib (120 mg once daily), naproxen (500 mg b.d.) or placebo over 12 weeks.Results : In the first study, the between‐treatment ratio of faecal blood loss for etoricoxib vs. placebo (1.06) was not significantly different from unity; however, the ratios for ibuprofen vs. placebo (3.26) and etoricoxib (3.08) were significantly greater than unity (P < 0.001). In the second study, the incidence of ulcers of ≥ 3 mm with naproxen (25.3%) was significantly higher than that with etoricoxib (7.4%) or placebo (1.4%; P < 0.001); the results were similar for ulcers of ≥ 5 mm.Conclusions : The reduced toxicity of etoricoxib (less faecal blood loss and fewer endoscopically detectable lesions) suggests that use of this drug will may be associated with a reduced incidence of gastrointestinal perforations, ulcers and bleeds.
Tegaserod, a 5‐HT4 receptor partial agonist, decreases sensitivity to rectal distension in healthy subjects
Authors: Coffin B. , Farmachidi J.‐P. , Rueegg P. , Bastie A. , Bouhassira D. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryBackground : Tegaserod reduces the symptoms associated with irritable bowel syndrome, and anti‐nociceptive effects have been demonstrated in animals. Its effect on the rectal sensitivity in humans has not been delineated clearly.Aim : To evaluate the action of tegaserod on rectal sensitivity in response to distension by means of a reflexological technique based on electrophysiological recordings of the RIII nociceptive reflex.Methods : A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study, performed in 20 healthy women, quantified the effects of slow or rapid rectal distensions on the RIII reflex at baseline and on day 8 following treatment with either placebo or tegaserod (6 mg b.d.).Results : At baseline, slow distensions performed up to the pain threshold induced gradual inhibitions of the RIII reflex. On day 8, these inhibitory effects were significantly reduced in the tegaserod group, but not in the placebo group (P = 0.0001). The effects of rapid distensions were not significantly modified by tegaserod or placebo. The intensity of subjective pain perception and rectal compliance were not altered by either treatment.Conclusion : These results suggest that tegaserod reduces the sensitivity to rectal distension in healthy subjects and interacts with the processing of sensory visceral information.
A retrospective observational study of pre‐operative sickle cell screening
Authors: Pemberton P. L. , Down J. F. , Porter J. B. , Bromley L. M. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryThe aim of this study was to determine the ethnic mix of those patients being pre‐operatively screened for sickle cell disease in a London teaching hospital and to determine the rate of ␣carriage of sickle haemoglobin amongst those tested. We retrospectively studied 1879 patients undergoing surgery over a 2‐month period. Two hundred and thirteen (11%) were screened for sickle cell disease and of these, 12 (5%) tested positive for sickle cell trait (HbAS). There were no patients homozygous for sickle cell disease (HbSS) or with haemoglobin SC disease (HbSC). Screening rates varied widely in different ethnic groups from 0% of the Chinese population to 85.2% of the Afro‐Caribbean population. We conclude that at present there is no coherent pre‐operative screening policy for sickle cell disease in our institution. Sickle cell disease poses unique anaesthetic risks and with a rapidly expanding ‘mixed race’ population high‐risk patients are difficult to identify phenotypically. We propose a universal screening policy be implemented in high‐risk areas.
The effects of two methods for customising the original SAPS II model for intensive care patients from South England
Authors: Beck D. H. , Smith G. B. , Pappachan J. V. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryModel customisation is used to adjust prognostic models by re‐calibrating them to obtain more reliable mortality estimates. We used two methods for customising the Simplified Acute Physiology Score II model for 15 511 intensive care patients by altering the logit and the coefficients of the original equation. Both methods significantly improved model calibration, but customising the coefficients was slightly more effective. The Hosmer‐Lemeshow χ2‐value improved from 306.0 (p< 0.001) before, to 14.5 (p < 0.07) and 23.3 (p < 0.06) after customisation of the coefficients and the logit, respectively. Discrimination was not affected. The standardised mortality ratio for the entire population declined from 1.16 (95% confidence interval: 1.13–1.20, p < 0.001) to 0.99 (95% confidence interval: 0.96–1.02, p < 0.22) after customisation of the coefficients. The uniformity‐of‐fit for patients grouped by operative status and comorbidities also improved, butremained imperfect for patients stratified by location before intensive care unit admission. Amalgamation of large, regional databases could provide the basis for the re‐calibration of standard prognostic models, which could then be used as a national reference system to allow more reliable comparisons of the efficacy and quality of care based on severity adjusted outcome measures.
The use of nitrous oxide in anaesthetic practice: a questionnaire survey
Authors: Henderson K. A. , Raj N. , Hall J. E. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryWhere practicable, exposure to a hazardous substance should be eliminated or adequately controlled. A postal questionnaire survey was sent to 10% of consultants from the Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland, to identify the level of use of nitrous oxide in current anaesthetic practice and identify any change of practice over the last 5 years. Details of anaesthetic practice were requested in three areas: nitrous oxide usage, availability of medical air on anaesthetic machines and the use of total intravenous anaesthesia. Replies were received from 320 consultants (75%). Of these, 49% felt that, over the last 5 years, their use of nitrous oxide had decreased. Twenty per cent of anaesthetists felt that there should be some restriction in availability of nitrous oxide. Where medical air was available, 32% felt that they would use it frequently. A total of 263 (83%) stated that they use total intravenous anaesthesia to some extent. The results showed that, although 49% of consultant anaesthetists had reduced their use of nitrous oxide, this was due to medical considerations rather than concerns over health and pollution issues arising from the use of nitrous oxide.
A standard XML Schema for computerised anaesthetic records
Authors: Gardner M. , Peachey T. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryWe believe that one of the most influential developments for the practice of anaesthesia in this decade will be the introduction of a national (or possibly international) standard XML Schema for computerised anaesthetic records, and that such development should be actively promoted by appropriate professional groups. We discuss the implications of such a schema, and make suggestions regarding its requirements. We also report on one approach to the development of an XML Schema for anaesthetic records (provisionally named SnowSchema in honour of Dr John Snow), and compare the current version with the suggested requirements.
‘Airway Alerts’. How UK anaesthetists organise, document and communicate difficult airway management*
Authors: Barron F. A. , Ball D. R. , Jefferson P. , Norrie J. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryA questionnaire on organisation, documentation and communication of airway problems during anaesthesia was sent to 271 anaesthetic college tutors in the UK. Their responses were compared with three published recommendations. There was a 72% response rate (195/271). The recommendations of the American Society of Anaesthesiologists Task Force on the Management of the Difficult Airway were met by 71% of respondents; 2% met those suggested by the Canadian Airway Focus Group and 2% met those suggested in a standard UK textbook on difficulties in tracheal intubation. Guidelines for management of the difficult airway were available in 142 departments (73%), but only 41 (21%) had guidelines for communication and dissemination of information. We present an ‘Airway Alert’ scheme which has since been adopted by the Difficult Airway Society.
The dammed Hikurangi Trough: a channel‐fed trench blocked by subducting seamounts and their wake avalanches (New Zealand–France GeodyNZ Project)
Authors: Lewis Keith B. , Collot Jean‐Yves , Lallem Serge E. 
Published: March 2003

The Hikurangi Trough, off eastern New Zealand, is at the southern end of the Tonga–Kermadec–Hikurangi subduction system, which merges into a zone of intracontinental transform. The trough is mainly a turbidite‐filled structural trench but includes an oblique‐collision, foredeep basin. Its northern end has a sharp boundary with the deep, sediment‐starved, Kermadec Trench.Swath‐mapping, sampling and seismic surveys show modern sediment input is mainly via Kaikoura Canyon, which intercepts littoral drift at the southern, intracontinental apex of the trough, with minor input from seep gullies. Glacial age input was via many canyons and about an order of magnitude greater. Beyond a narrow, gravelly, intracontinental foredeep, the southern trench‐basin is characterized by a channel meandering around the seaward edge of mainly Plio‐Pleistocene, overbank deposits that reach 5 km in thickness. The aggrading channel has sandy turbidites, but low‐backscatter, and long‐wavelength bedforms indicating thick flows. Levées on both sides are capped by tangentially aligned mudwaves on the outsides of bends, indicating centrifugal overflow from heads of dense, fast‐moving, autosuspension flows. The higher, left‐bank levée also has levée‐parallel mudwaves, indicating Coriolis and/or boundary currents effects on dilute flows or tail plumes.In the northern trough, basin‐fill is generally less than 2 km thick and includes widespread overbank turbidites, a massive, blocky, avalanche deposit and an extensive, buried, debris flow deposit. A line of low seamounts on the subducting plate acts as a dam preventing modern turbidity currents from reaching the Kermadec Trench. Major margin collapse probably occurred in the wake of a large subducting seamount; this seamount and its wake debris flow probably dammed the trench from 2 Ma to 0.5 Ma. Before this, similar dams may have re‐routed turbidity currents across the plateau.
Sedimentation and deformation in a Pliocene–Pleistocene transtensional supradetachment basin, Laguna Salada, north‐west Mexico
Authors: Dorsey  , Martín‐Barajas  
Published: March 2003

This study examines a thick section of Pliocene–Pleistocene sedimentary rocks exposed in the footwall of an active normal fault (Cañon Rojo fault) near its intersection with the dextral‐normal Laguna Salada fault in north‐western Mexico. These rocks are situated in the upper plate of an inactive strand of the Cañada David detachment fault, which is cut on the north‐east by the Laguna Salada fault. The stratigraphy is divided into three unconformity‐bounded sequences: (1) marine mudstone of the Pliocene Imperial Formation; (2) nonmarine Pliocene–Pleistocene redbeds, consisting of sedimentary breccia, conglomerate, conglomeratic sandstone (all un‐named) and fine‐grained sandstone and mudstone of the Palm Spring Formation; and (3) uncemented Pleistocene boulder gravel. Coarse deposits of the redbeds sequence were deposited in fault‐bounded, high‐ and low‐gradient alluvial fans that passed laterally into a low‐energy fluvial plain of the ancestral Colorado River (Palm Spring Formation) which occupied the present‐day Laguna Salada.Detailed mapping reveals convergence and lap‐out of bedding surfaces in the redbeds sequence onto the west limb of a large anticline cored by Imperial Formation. These geometries, combined with fanning dips and thickening of stratigraphy into the flanking syncline, indicate that the anticline grew during deposition of the redbeds. Fold axes of the growth anticline and smaller related folds trend N to NNE, parallel to the strike of associated normal faults and perpendicular to the extension direction. Based on its orientation, large size and relationship to neighbouring structures, the anticline is interpreted to be a fault‐bend fold that grew in response to slip of the upper plate over a bend in the Cañada David detachment fault during deposition in a transtensional supradetachment basin. Localized subsidence in the flanking syncline resulted in deposition of >1000 m of alluvial sediments near its intersection with the Laguna Salada fault. Sedimentary detritus is derived exclusively from the north‐east (footwall) side of the dextral‐normal Laguna Salada fault, indicating that topographic relief was high in the Sierra Cucapa and was subdued or negligible in the footwall of the coeval Cañada David detachment. Following deposition of the redbeds and grey gravel units, the northern part of the detachment fault was abandoned and the modern Cañon Rojo fault was initiated, producing rapid footwall uplift and erosion of previously buried stratigraphy. Slip rate on the Cañon Rojo fault is estimated to be ≈2–4 mm yr−1 since middle Pleistocene time, similar to the late Pleistocene to Holocene rate determined in previous studies.
Drainage patterns and tectonic forcing: a model study for the Swiss Alps
Authors: Kühni A. , Pfiffner O. A. 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACTA linear surface process model is used to examine the effect of different patterns of rock uplift on the evolution of the drainage network of the Swiss Alps. An asymmetric pattern of tectonic forcing simulates a phase of rapid retrothrusting in the south of the Swiss Alps (‘Lepontine’‐type uplift). A domal pattern of tectonic forcing in the north of the model orogen simulates the phase of the formation of the ‘Aar massif’, an external basement uplift in the frontal part of the orogenic wedge (‘Aar’‐type uplift).Model runs using the ‘Lepontine’‐type uplift pattern result in a model mountain chain with a water divide in the zone of maximum uplift and orogen‐normal rivers. Model runs examining the effect of ‘Lepontine’‐type uplift followed by ‘Aar’‐type uplift show that the initially formed orogen‐normal river system and the water divide are both very stable and hardly affected by the additional uplift. This indifference to changes in tectonic forcing is mainly due to the requirement of a high model erosion capacity for the river systems in order to reproduce the exhumation data (high‐grade rocks in the south of the Swiss Alps point to removal of a wedge‐shaped nappe stack with a maximum thickness of about 25 km). The model behaviour is in agreement with the ancestral drainage pattern of the Alps in Oligocene and Miocene times and with the modern pattern observed in the Coast Range of British Columbia; in both cases river incision occurred across a zone of rapid uplift in the lower course of the rivers. The model behaviour does not, however, explain the modern drainage pattern in the Alps with its orogen‐parallel rivers.When the model system is forced to develop two locally independent main water divides (simultaneous ‘Lepontine’‐ and ‘Aar’‐type uplift), a zone of reduced erosional potential forms between the two divides. As a consequence, the divides approach each other and eventually merge. The new water divide remains fixed in space independent of the two persisting uplift maxima. The model results suggest that spatial and temporal changes in tectonic forcing alone cannot produce the change from the orogen‐normal drainage pattern of the Swiss Alps in Oligocene–Miocene times to the orogen‐parallel drainage observed in the Swiss Alps today.
Mid‐Palaeocene palaeogeography of the eastern North Sea basin: integrating geological evidence and 3D geodynamic modelling
Authors: Gemmer Lykke , Huuse Mads , Clausen Ole R , Nielsen Søren B 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACTThe Mid‐Palaeocene palaeogeography of Denmark and the surrounding areas have been reconstructed on the basis of published geological data integrated with 3D geodynamic modelling. The use of numerical modelling enables quantitative testing of scenarios based on geological input alone and thus helps constrain likely palaeo‐water depths in areas where the geological data are inconclusive or incomplete.The interpretation of large‐scale erosional valleys and small‐scale circular depressions at the Mid‐Palaeocene Top Chalk surface in the Norwegian–Danish basin as either submarine or subaerial features is enigmatic and has strong implications for palaeogeographical reconstructions of the eastern North Sea basin.A 3D thermo‐mechanical model is employed in order to constrain the likely palaeo‐water depths of the eastern North Sea basin during the Palaeocene. The model treats the lithosphere as an elasto‐visco‐plastic continuum and models the lithospheric response to the regional stress field and thermal structure. The model includes the effects of sea‐level change, sedimentation and erosion, from the Mid Cretaceous to the present. Modelling results reproduce to first order geological data such as present sediment isopachs and palaeo‐water depths.It is concluded that the Mid Palaeocene water depths in the Norwegian–Danish basin were about 250 m. The erosional valleys and circular depressions at the top of the Upper Cretaceous‐Danian Chalk Group are thus interpreted to have formed in relatively deep water rather than due to subaerial exposure. Likely interpretations of the structures are therefore submarine valleys and pockmarks.