bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in High-Grade Myxoid Liposarcoma: Results of the Expanded Cohort of a Randomized Trial From Italian (ISG), Spanish (GEIS), French (FSG), and Polish Sarcoma Groups (PSG)
Authors: Gronchi Alessandro , Palmerini Emanuela , Quagliuolo Vittorio , Martin Broto Javier , Lopez Pousa Antonio , Grignani Giovanni , Brunello Antonella , Blay Jean-Yves , Tendero Oscar , Diaz Beveridge Robert , Ferraresi Virginia , Lugowska Iwona , Pizzamiglio Sara , Verderio Paolo , Fontana Valeria , Donati Davide Maria , Palassini Elena , Sanfilippo Roberta , Bianchi Giuseppe , Bertuzzi Alexia , Morosi Carlo , Pasquali Sandro , Stacchiotti Silvia , Bagué Silvia , Coindre Jean Michel , Miceli Rosalba , Dei Tos Angelo Paolo , Casali Paolo Giovanni 
Published: January 2024

PURPOSE A randomized trial was conducted to compare neoadjuvant standard (S) anthracycline + ifosfamide (AI) regimen with histology-tailored (HT) regimen in selected localized high-risk soft tissue sarcoma (STS). The results of the trial demonstrated the superiority of S in all STS histologies except for high-grade myxoid liposarcoma (HG-MLPS) where S and HT appeared to be equivalent. To further evaluate the noninferiority of HT compared with S, the HG-MLPS cohort was expanded. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients had localized high-grade (cellular component >5%; size ≥5 cm; deeply seated) MLPS of extremities or trunk wall. The primary end point was disease-free survival (DFS). The secondary end point was overall survival (OS). The trial used a noninferiority Bayesian design, wherein HT would be considered not inferior to S if the posterior probability of the true hazard ratio (HR) being >1.25 was <5%. RESULTS From May 2011 to June 2020, 101 patients with HG-MLPS were randomly assigned, 45 to the HT arm and 56 to the S arm. The median follow-up was 66 months (IQR, 37-89). Median size was 107 mm (IQR, 84-143), 106 mm (IQR, 75-135) in the HT arm and 108 mm (IQR, 86-150) in the S arm. At 60 months, the DFS and OS probabilities were 0.86 and 0.73 (HR, 0.60 [95% CI, 0.24 to 1.46]; log-rank P = .26 for DFS) and 0.88 and 0.90 (HR, 1.20 [95% CI, 0.37 to 3.93]; log-rank P = .77 for OS) in the HT and S arms, respectively. The posterior probability of HR being >1.25 for DFS met the Bayesian monitoring cutoff of <5% (4.93%). This result confirmed the noninferiority of trabectedin to AI suggested in the original study cohort. CONCLUSION Trabectedin may be an alternative to standard AI in HG-MLPS of the extremities or trunk when neoadjuvant treatment is a consideration.
Sex and early-life conditions shape telomere dynamics in an ectotherm
Authors: Hansson Alexander , Wapstra Erik , While Geoffrey M. , Olsson Mats 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
Telomeres, the repetitive DNA regions that protect the ends of chromosomes, and their shortening have been linked to key life history trade-offs among growth, reproduction and lifespan. In contrast to most endotherms, many ectotherms can compensate for telomere shortening throughout life by upregulation of telomerase in somatic tissues. However, during development, marked by rapid growth and an increased sensitivity to extrinsic factors, the upregulation of telomerase may be overwhelmed, resulting in long-term impacts on telomere dynamics. In ectotherms, one extrinsic factor that may play a particularly important role in development is temperature. Here, we investigated the influence of developmental temperature and sex on early-life telomere dynamics in an oviparous ectotherm, Lacerta agilis. While there was no effect of developmental temperature on telomere length at hatching, there were subsequent effects on telomere maintenance capacity, with individuals incubated at warm temperatures exhibiting less telomere maintenance compared with cool-incubated individuals. Telomere dynamics were also sexually dimorphic, with females having longer telomeres and greater telomere maintenance compared with males. We suggest that selection drives this sexual dimorphism in telomere maintenance, in which females maximise their lifetime reproductive success by investing in traits promoting longevity such as maintenance, while males invest in short-term reproductive gains through a polygynous mating behaviour. These early-life effects, therefore, have the potential to mediate life-long changes to life histories.
The medical licensing assessment will fall short of determining whether a UK medical graduate behaves ethically
Authors: Deans Zuzana , Moorlock Greg , Trimble Michael 
Published: January 2024

UK medical graduates will soon need to pass the medical licensing assessment, which assesses skills and knowledge in ethics using multiple choice questions (eg single best answer questions) and objective structured clinical examination. However, educational leaders have recognised that these methods lack the sophistication needed to accurately assess medical ethics. The reasons are two-fold. First, there may be a knowledge and practice gap in medical schools when it comes to preparing students for the assessment. To this end, this article shares peer advice about how best to use objective structured clinical examinations and single best answer questions for assessing medical ethics to help prepare students for the medical licensing assessment. Second, the design of the assessment is unlikely to adequately measure graduates' ethical values and behaviour in real world scenarios. Further work is needed to design assessments that are sophisticated enough to examine candidates' ethical reasoning and their actual behaviour.
Relationship between vitreous interleukin-6 levels and vitreous particles findings on widefield optical coherence tomography in posterior uveitis
Authors: Tomita Mami , Tagami Mizuki , Misawa Norihiko , Sakai Atsushi , Haruna Yusuke , Honda Shigeru 
Published: January 2024

Purpose
To investigate relationship between vitreous interleukin-6 levels and vitreous particles findings on widefield optical coherence tomography in posterior uveitis.

Methods
This retrospective study examined vitreous inflammatory cells (hyperreflective particles) of posterior uveitis on widefield optical coherence tomography (WOCT). We examined the number of hyperreflective particles (possibility of vitreous inflammatory cells) observed on WOCT and the correlations with interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels. The relationship between vitreous IL-6 levels and image findings from WOCT from 37 eyes (34 patients) with posterior uveitis were analyzed. Mean patient age was 63.4±15.7 years. (Mean± standard deviation) IL-6 concentration in vitreous humor was 79.9±7380.9 pg/mL Uveitis was infectious in 9 cases and non-infectious in 28 cases with multiplex polymerase chain reaction system. We measured the number and size of vitreous cells in the posterior vitreous, defined as the space between the upper vitreous and the internal limiting membrane on WOCT at the macular, upper, and lower regions. Image analysis software was also used for cell counting.

Results
A strong correlation was seen between human and software counts. Pearson’s correlation coefficient (PCC) was performed to compare categorial variables (on macular +0.866; upper cavity +0.713; lower cavity +0.568; total vitreous cavity +0.834; P<0.001 each). IL-6 levels correlated with both vitreous cell counts and cell counts observed on macular WOCT (human-counted group +0.339, P = 0.04; software-counted group +0.349, P = 0.03). Infectious uveitis showed higher IL-6 levels (P = 0.016) and high cell counts compared with non-infectious uveitis (P = 0.04).

Conclusions
Vitreous number of hyperreflective particles (cells) findings on WOCTcorrelated well with human and software cell counts. Vitreous cells findings on WOCT also correlated with IL-6 concentrations on macular.
Más allá del recinto: el rol del audiovisual digital en el mantenimiento y la reconstrucción de la experiencia del festival de música
Authors: Pérez-Ordóñez Cristina , Castro-Martínez Andrea , Torres-Martín José-Luis , De-Aguilera-Moyano Miguel 
Published: January 2024

La proliferación actual de festivales en el territorio español —agentes destacados dentro de la industria musical— ha traído consigo un aumento de la competitividad en este sector. Con la intencionalidad de diferenciarse dentro de la amplia oferta de eventos musicales, los organizadores diseñan sus acontecimientos en forma de experiencia que cada año se renueva, pero que a la vez perdura como cultura de festival, la cual es difundida a través del audiovisual digital. El presente trabajo, de carácter exploratorio, parte de estudios previos que definen a los festivales como espacios cíclicos y experienciales, de naturaleza multidimensional y comunicacional. Pretende determinar el rol del vídeo y la imagen digital para construir, mantener y redefinir dicha experiencia. Se emplea una metodología mixta mediante una revisión documental, un análisis de caso múltiple de tres de los festivales más importantes de España y entrevistas a expertos y expertas. Los resultados demuestran la relevante función de las narrativas audiovisuales en la definición y fijación de dichas experiencias, así como en su memorabilidad y creación de expectación para la siguiente edición. Se describen igualmente las principales características y elementos que la componen. Por último, destaca el papel de los aftermovies como marcadores de la pauta expresiva y narrativa de la comunicación digital de estos eventos.
Effect of indented growth rings on spruce wood mechanical properties and subsequent violin dynamics
Authors: Viala Romain , Cabaret Jérémy , Sedighi-Gilani Marjan , Placet Vincent , Cogan Scott 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In this study, the influence of “bear claw” or indented growth ring anatomical patterns on the vibro-mechanical behavior of spruce wood have been investigated, particularly in the context of utilizing these singularities/specific features for the construction of violins. By employing vibrometry and modal analysis followed by finite element model updating, the vibro-mechanical properties (specific stiffness in longitudinal (L) and radial (R) directions and shear LR plane, and associated damping) of the indented growth rings spruce were identified and implemented in a numerical model of a violin. Results have revealed a significant increase in specific moduli in R direction and LR plane and decrease in L direction of spruce wood in the presence of indented growth rings, therefore accompanied by a reduction in anisotropic elastic properties, in comparison to spruce without these patterns. These properties led to changes in violin dynamics, globally increasing resonance frequencies and changing the shape of the vibration modes. The simulated frequency response function of the violin at the bridge suggested a global shift of the admittance of the bridge toward higher frequencies. These results suggest a potential impact of indented growth rings of spruce on the acoustic properties of instruments.
Unraveling the differential effects of task rehearsal and task repetition on L2 task performance: the mediating role of task modality
Authors: Mostafaei Alaei Mahnaz , Mansouri Abbas 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The study reported in this paper examined the differentiating effects of rehearsal and repetition, as two distinct task-readiness conditions, on L2 performance, and examined how such effects interact with modality (i.e., oral and written). To do so, 104 EFL learners were randomly divided into four groups, each with a unique readiness condition (rehearsal versus repetition) and a different performance mode (oral versus written). All groups performed orally or in writing a task twice either with awareness of the second performance (rehearsal) or without such anticipation (repetition). The task performances were assessed in terms of complexity, accuracy, lexis, and fluency (CALF). Findings indicated that while both readiness conditions showed beneficial effects, only rehearsal led to statistically significant enhancements in all CALF dimensions over time. Results also revealed that rehearsal yielded significant improvements across both modalities; however, the benefits were more evident in the writing mode. The study provides teachers with more insights into task implementation.
Validation of metacognitive knowledge in vocabulary learning and its predictive effects on incidental vocabulary learning from reading
Authors: Teng Mark Feng , Mizumoto Atsushi 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the impact of metacognitive knowledge on vocabulary learning among English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learner, involving 776 university students in China. Its primary goal is to develop and validate a scale for assessing metacognitive knowledge in vocabulary learning. The scale is structured around three sub-dimensions: person, task, and strategies, identified through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. These sub-dimensions serve as independent variables in analyzing their influence on incidental vocabulary learning outcomes from reading, which includes knowledge of word form, meaning, and use. The study’s results validate the scale and reveal that the three factors – person, task, and strategies – have varying impacts on learners’ incidental vocabulary learning performance. The findings emphasize the crucial role of metacognitive knowledge in EFL vocabulary acquisition, offering insights for enhancing learning strategies. Additionally, the study provides important implications for educational practices in vocabulary teaching and learning.
Estimation of Causal Effects with a Binary Treatment Variable: A Unified M-Estimation Framework
Authors: Uysal Derya 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we review several estimators of the average treatment effect (ATE) that belong to three main groups: regression, weighting and doubly robust methods. We unify the exposition of these estimators within an M-estimation framework and we derive their variance estimators from the sandwich form variance-covariance matrix of the M-Estimator. Additionally, we re-estimate the causal return to higher education on earnings by the reviewed methods using the rich dataset provided by the British National Child Development Study (NCDS) as an empirical illustration.
The Constitutional Relevance of the ECHR in Domestic Law: The Kosovo Perspective
Authors: Gruda Përparim , Borovci Mentor 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This article examines the status and importance of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) and European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) Jurisprudence in the national legal system of the Republic of Kosovo. This will be accomplished by pursuing two main paths: first, by a doctrinal analysis of the constitutional status of the ECHR and the Jurisprudence of the ECtHR in Kosovo and, second, through a closer examination and analysis of specific cases as to the level of their (non) implementation by the Constitutional Court and regular courts of Kosovo. Even though Kosovo is not a member of the Council of Europe and has not ratified the ECHR, the ECHR has a specific and privileged place in the legal system of Kosovo and is part of its constitution. This makes Kosovo a very special case regarding the technique chosen for the incorporation of international instruments for human rights in its internal legal order. Public authorities in Kosovo agree to the obligation that the scope and meaning of fundamental rights should always be determined based on the standards established in Strasbourg. However, implementing these Strasbourg-derived standards is not simple or easy. Some of the elements identified for the application of these standards in internal judicial practice include the degree and measure of implementation, the methodology of choosing cases, the methods of interpretation, and local legal culture. This article, explains these elements by analyzing statistical data and specific court cases.
Bear in a Window: collecting Australian children’s stories of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Diskin-Holdaway Chloé , Kelly Barbara F. , Arciuli Joanne , Ahmed Beena 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The Bear in a Window project captures Australian children’s experiences of the COVID-19 pandemic. We focused on children’s experiences of lockdown, or extended periods of home confinement, ranging from one to 100 days at a time between 2020 and 2021. Using the online experimental platform, Gorilla, we invited children aged 3–12 to record themselves telling stories about the positives and negatives of life in lockdown to our mascot, Covey Bear. Recordings were saved on the Gorilla server and orthographically and automatically transcribed using Sonix, with manual correction. Preliminary analyses of 18 children’s recordings illustrate several emergent topics, reflecting children’s experiences of the pandemic in the areas of health and wellbeing; education and online learning; digital engagement; family and friends; relationships; and mealtimes and food. We found that in their storytelling, children engaged in a wide variety of discourse strategies to hold the floor, indicate focus, and transition to different topics. The project will contribute to a national public collection of Australian children’s COVID-19 stories and create a digital repository of Australian children’s talk that will be available to researchers across different disciplines.
Ultrafast optical properties and applications of anisotropic 2D materials
Authors: Suk Sang Ho , Seo Sung Bok , Cho Yeon Sik , Wang Jun , Sim Sangwan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) layered materials exhibit strong light-matter interactions, remarkable excitonic effects, and ultrafast optical response, making them promising for high-speed on-chip nanophotonics. Recently, significant attention has been directed towards anisotropic 2D materials (A2DMs) with low in-plane crystal symmetry. These materials present unique optical properties dependent on polarization and direction, offering additional degrees of freedom absent in conventional isotropic 2D materials. In this review, we discuss recent progress in understanding the fundamental aspects and ultrafast nanophotonic applications of A2DMs. We cover structural characteristics and anisotropic linear/nonlinear optical properties of A2DMs, including well-studied black phosphorus and rhenium dichalcogenides, as well as emerging quasi-one-dimensional materials. Then, we discuss fundamental ultrafast anisotropic phenomena occurring in A2DMs, such as polarization-dependent ultrafast dynamics of charge carriers and excitons, their direction-dependent spatiotemporal diffusion, photo-induced symmetry switching, and anisotropic coherent acoustic phonons. Furthermore, we review state-of-the-art ultrafast nanophotonic applications based on A2DMs, including polarization-driven active all-optical modulations and ultrafast pulse generations. This review concludes by offering perspectives on the challenges and future prospects of A2DMs in ultrafast nanophotonics.
Optical filters made from random metasurfaces using Bayesian optimization
Authors: Wray Parker R. , Paul Elijah G. , Atwater Harry A. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We theoretically investigate the ability to design optical filters from a single material and a single layer of randomly dispersed resonant dielectric particles, defining a random metasurface. Using a Bayesian and generalized Mie inverse-design approach, we design particle radii distributions that give rise to longpass, shortpass, bandpass, and bandstop spectral bands in the infrared. The optical response is shown to be directly related to electric and magnetic multipole scattering of the constituent particles and their near field coupling. We discuss the effect of the particle size distribution and particle–particle coupling interactions on filter design in random systems lacking long-range order.
Achieving asymmetry parameter-insensitive resonant modes through relative shift–induced quasi-bound states in the continuum
Authors: Sang Tian , Mi Qing , Yang Chaoyu , Zhang Xianghu , Wang Yueke , Ren Yongze , Xu Ting 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
High-Q resonances in metasurfaces, stemming from symmetry-protected bound states in the continuum (BICs), have proven to be effective for achieving high-performance optical devices. However, the properties associated with symmetry-protected BICs are inherently limited, as even a slight variation in the asymmetry parameter leads to a noticeable shift in the resonance location. Herein, we introduce the concept of relative shift–induced quasi-BICs (QBICs) within dimerized silicon (Si) meta-lattices (DSMs), which can be excited when a nonzero relative shift occurs, a result of in-plane inversion symmetry breaking and Brillouin zone folding within the structure. These QBICs have resonance locations that remain insensitive to variations in asymmetrical parameters. Additionally, their Q-factors can be flexibly tuned, benefiting from the inverse square dependence on asymmetrical parameters. In experiment, six DSMs with different relative shifts are fabricated and the asymmetry parameter-insensitive resonant modes under two orthogonal polarization states are experimentally observed in the optical communication waveband. Our results offer unique opportunities for constructing high-Q resonators with enhanced performances, which can be applied in various optical fields.
Asymmetric-coupled Ge/SiGe quantum wells for second harmonic generation at 7.1 THz in integrated waveguides: a theoretical study
Authors: Talamas Simola Enrico , Ortolani Michele , Di Gaspare Luciana , Capellini Giovanni , De Seta Monica , Virgilio Michele 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We present a theoretical investigation of guided second harmonic generation at THz frequencies in SiGe waveguides embedding n-type Ge/SiGe asymmetric coupled quantum wells to engineer a giant second order nonlinear susceptibility. A characteristic of the chosen material system is the existence of large off-diagonal elements in the χ
2 tensor, coupling optical modes with different polarization. To account for this effect, we generalize the coupled-mode theory, proposing a theoretical model suitable for concurrently resolving every second harmonic generation interaction among guide-sustained modes, regardless of which χ
2 tensor elements it originates from. Furthermore, we exploit the presence of off-diagonal χ
2 elements and the peculiarity of the SiGe material system to develop a simple and novel approach to achieve perfect phase matching without requiring any fabrication process. For a realistic design of the quantum heterostructure we estimate second order nonlinear susceptibility peak values of ∼7 and ∼1.4 × 105 pm/V for diagonal and off diagonal χ
2 elements, respectively. Embedding such heterostructure in Ge-rich SiGe waveguides of thicknesses of the order of 10–15 μm leads to second harmonic generation efficiencies comprised between 0.2 and 2 %, depending on the choice of device parameters. As a case study, we focus on the technologically relevant frequency of 7.1 THz, yet the results we report may be extended to the whole 5–20 THz range.