bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimizing with Attractor Combinatorial Complexity of the Traveling Salesman Problem
Authors: Li Weiqi 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This paper studies combinatorial complexity of the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) from the attractor perspective. In order to find the exact optimal tour for a TSP instance, a kind of exhaustive search is unavoidable. However, the combinatorial explosion of possible tours in the solution space makes an exhaustive search algorithm infeasible for large instances. How can we reduce the search space efficiently and effectively to make an exhaustive search algorithm feasible? This is the question this paper aims to answer. The TSP has a data structure, through which its complexity can be exponentially reduced by a polynomial-time algorithm. This paper describes the complexity reducibility of the TSP from the attractor perspective of dynamical systems. A local search algorithm can be used to reduce the search space from the entire solution space to a much smaller attractor for an exhaustive search. The results show that the TSP might not be as complex as we have expected.
Mathematics Subject Classification (2020) 05A15 · 05C05 · 05C30 ·37A50 · 37N40 · 68Q17 · 68Q25 · 68W40 · 90C27
LncRNA DDX11-AS1 promotes breast cancer progression via targeting the miR-30c-5p/MTDH axis
Authors: Li Yanting , Zhou Mengsi , Yang Liu , Liu Shuo , Yang Lixian , Xu Bin , Li Xiaolong , Zhao Haijun , Song Zhenchuan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) serve a significant role in the occurrence and development of malignant tumors. However, the roles of lncRNAs in breast cancer (BC) remain largely unknown. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the effect of lncRNA DDX11-AS1 on BC progression.
Methods
Bioinformatics analysis using public microarray revealed that DDX11-AS1 was upregulated in BC. In addition, the effect of DDX11-AS1 on the prognosis of patients with BC was evaluated by clinical data analysis. Furthermore, the proliferation, migration and invasion abilities of BC cells were assessed in vitro in the MDA-MB-231 and SK-BR3 BC cell lines. Luciferase reporter assay was carried out to unveil the association between DDX11-AS1, microRNA (miR)-30c-5p and metadherin (MTDH).
Results
DDX11-AS1 was significantly upregulated in BC tissues and cells. Additionally, bioinformatics analysis revealed that the expression levels of DDX11-AS1 were increased with enhanced pathological grading and lymph node metastasis. Furthermore, DDX11-AS1 knockdown markedly inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion abilities of BC cells. Mechanistically, DDX11-AS1 could prevent the degradation of MTDH in BC via competitively binding with miR-30c-5p, which could act as a tumor promoter factor.
Conclusion
Collectively, the above results suggested that the DDX11-AS1/miR-30c-5p/MTDH axis could be associated with the progression of BC and DDX11-AS1 could be a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for BC.
Reading Practice of Nutrition Labeling and Associated Factors Among Packaged Food Consumers in Bahir Dar City, Ethiopia
Authors: Adebabay Aemiro , Birhanu Dereje , Endalk Genet , Adal Ousman 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Introduction
: The consumption of processed and packaged foods is on the rise in cities like Bahir Dar. Despite this trend, little is known about the extent to which people in the area read nutritional labels on packaged foods.
Objective
This study aims to evaluate the consumer reading practices of nutritional labeling and identify associated factors among consumers of packaged foods.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was carried out on a randomly selected sample of 606 individuals purchasing packaged foods in Bahir Dar city from May 27 to June 27, 2022. Systematic random sampling was employed to select study participants, and data were collected through face-to-face interviews. Data was interred into Epi data version 3.1 and analysis using SPSS version 26. Binary logistic regression models, utilizing both bivariate and multivariable analysis methods, and declared significant at P-value < 0.05 with AOR 95% of CI.
Results
The study revealed that 58.9% (CI: 54.9%−62.9%) of participants exhibited poor reading practices of nutrition labels on packaged foods. Factors associated with poor reading practices included age 18−29 (AOR = 1.47, 95% CI: 1.23, 3.80), elementary education (AOR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.16, 1.52), being single (AOR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.33, 2.00), absence of health problems (AOR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.04, 2.64), not working in food establishments (AOR = 3.44, 95% CI: 1.06, 11.0), and poor nutritional knowledge (AOR = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.24, 2.50).
Conclusion
The study indicates a lower level of nutritional label reading practice in Bahir Dar city compared to previous studies in Addis Ababa. Therefore, collaborative efforts involving the regional health bureau and other stakeholders are recommended to enhance nutrition education.
Successful treatment of renal staghorn stones with flexible ureteroscopy and Thulium Fiber Laser (TFL) lithotripsy: a prospective study.
Authors: Gul Tawiz , laymon Mahmoud , Alrayashi Maged , Abdelkareem Mohamed , Salah Morshed 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Purpose To investigate the efficacy and safety of flexible ureteroscopy with thulium fiber laser lithotripsy for management of renal staghorn stones.
Materials and Methods Thirty-two patients with staghorn stones were recruited. Stone characteristics including: width, length, volume and density were analyzed. Ablation speed, laser efficacy and laser activity were recorded. The primary outcome was to assess stone free rate after the procedure using spiral CT scan.
Results The median stone volume was 7339 (3183-53838) mm3. Median operative and lasing time were 135 (70-200) and 117 (50-180) minutes, respectively. The mean total energy delivered was 63.9±30 KJ with a median ablation speed of 1.3 (0.5-4.9) mm3/sec. Mean laser efficacy was 7.5 ±3.6 Joules/mm3. A total of 12 complications occurred in 8 patients (25%). The median hospital stay was 7 (3.5-48) hours and 30 patients (93.7%) were discharged on the same day of surgery. After the first session, seventeen patients (53%) were stone free with no residual fragments while six (19%) patients had residuals £ 2 mm. Nine patients (28%) had residuals > 2 mm with median residual size of 4 (3-9) mm. A second intervention was required in 4 cases.The overall stone free rate after completion of treatment was 65.6%.
Conclusion Flexible ureteroscopy with thulium fiber laser lithotripsy is a safe and effective treatment option for staghorn stones with stone free rate comparable to standard PCNL with advantages of minimal morbidity, minimal blood loss and shorter hospital stay.
Study of the process of tightly focused linearly polarized laser pulses interacting with a stationary single electron
Authors: Ji Miao , Xiang Zhongze , Tian Youwei 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we focus on the study of nonlinear Thomson scattering process in tightly focused linearly polarized laser pulses. We simulated the interaction of linearly polarized laser pulse with a stationary electron. We find that the interaction process does not evolve linearly with increasing time and can be divided into a period of strong interaction and a period of weak interaction. During strong interaction period, the electron's radiation power initially forms a single-peak distribution across the spatial domain, then evolves into a double-peak distribution. During weak interaction period, the double-peak structure gradually evolves into a multi-peak structure. The collimation of the electron radiation independently changes, first strengthening and then weakening. We analyze in detail the change in the azimuthal angle in the direction of maximum radiation corresponding to the peak radiated power. In addition, a more simplified proportional equation for the radiated power was derived, and we verified its accuracy with simulations. In the direction of maximum radiation, we also observed the process of the radiated power in the time domain and the process of the radiant energy in the frequency domain. By varying the interaction time, electron radiation with the desired properties can be obtained.
Comparison of Efficacy of Nadroparin and Fondaparinux sodium for Prevention of Deep Vein Thromboembolism in lower extremities after Total Hip Arthroplasty and Total Knee Arthroplasty: a retrospective study of 592 patients
Authors: Gao Xiang , Jin Xiaowei , Huang Rui , Li Zhenxing , Zhang Hanle , Fan Pei 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Objectives: To compare the efficacy of nadroparin and fondaparinux sodium for prevention of deep vein thromboembolism (DVT) in lower extremities after total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA).
Methods：A total of 592 patients were enrolled in the study. Clinical data of patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in our hospital from December 2021 to September 2022 were retrospectively collected, which mainly included patients' general information, surgery-related information, and DVT-related information. The patients were categorized into the nadroparin group(n=278) and the fondaparinux sodium group(n=314) according to the types of anticoagulants used. Anticoagulant therapy began 12-24 hours after operation and continued until discharge. DVT prevalence between two groups was compared. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 25 (SPSS, Armonk, NY, USA) was used for statistical analysis.
Results：The prevalence of DVT in the nadroparin group and the fondaparinux sodium group was 8.3% (23/278) and 15.0% (47/314), respectively(p=0.012). Statistical analysis showed that nadroparin group showed a lower prevalence of thrombosis than fondaparinux group (OR=1.952, P=0.012). Subgroup analyses showed that nadroparin group had a lower prevalence of DVT than fondaparinux group in some special patients groups such as female patients (OR=2.258, P= 0.007), patients who are 65-79 years old (OR=2.796, P = 0.004), patients with hypertension (OR=2.237, P=0.042), patients who underwent TKA (OR = 2.091, P=0.011), and patients who underwent combined spinal-epidural anesthesia (OR=2.490, P=0.003) (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Nadroparinmay have an advantage over fondaparinux sodium in preventing DVT in lower extremities after THA and TKA.
The Impact of Heterogeneity on the Effectiveness of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Case Series on Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma
Authors: Zhao Yanyan , Zhou Jun , Wan Chang , Pang Jingdan , Liu Sha , Xu Jianping , Wu Zhengsheng , Bi Guobin , Du Yingying 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the disparities in tumor parenchyma and microenvironment between primary tumors and metastasis of urothelial carcinoma. Additionally, the study aims to determine whether the heterogeneity in these factors affects the predictive effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Methods: In this retrospective study, we investigated the treatment outcomes of 5 patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma who were treated with first-line immune checkpoint inhibitors. We analyzed various biomarkers including genomic profile, programmed cell death receptor ligand-1 expression, tumor mutation burden, microsatellite instability, T-cell ratio, and tertiary lymphoid structure in both primary and metastatic samples. Additionally, we collected and analyzed relevant clinical data.
Results: At the genetic level, the main different genes were TSC1/2, MCL1, RAC1. TSC1/2 and MCL1 were acquired by metastases and RAC1 were lost by metastases. There were differences in programmed cell death receptor ligand-1, tumor mutation burden, T-cell ratio, tertiary lymphoid structure . All tumors in this study were microsatellite stable. In two patients with clinical disease control, the proportion of CD3+ T cell and CD8+ T cell in metastases increased compared with the primary tumors, and tertiary lymphatic structure changed from negative to positive expression. These results suggest that metastases may have more lymphocytic infiltrates and some form tertiary lymphoid structures, and patients with this feature may respond better to immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Conclusions: The analysis revealed both similarities and differences between primary and distant metastasis samples in the context of urothelial carcinoma. We strongly advocate for re-biopsy of metastases following the occurrence of metastases and suggest that treatment methods should be chosen based on the detection of these metastases.
Choice of Urethral Reconstruction Methods following Necrotizing Fasciitis and Urethral Defects in the Scrotal Region
Authors: Duan Liujian , Cao Jianwei , Cui Xingang , Li Chao 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Objective
This study aimed to investigate the diagnosis, treatment, and selection of second-stage urethral reconstruction methods for necrotizing fasciitis and urethral defects in the scrotal region.
Methods
A retrospective analysis was conducted of a case of necrotizing fasciitis and urethral defects in the scrotal region treated by the author. The clinical and pathological characteristics, treatment process, surgical methods, outcomes of second-stage urethral reconstruction, and relevant literature were summarized.
Results
A patient with necrotizing fasciitis and urethral defects in the scrotal region underwent bladder diversion, surgical debridement, vacuum-sealing drainage, and wound closure. Four weeks after the wound healed, the patient was discharged for recuperation. Six months later, scrotal urethral reconstruction was performed using a circular penile skin flap graft to repair the 12 cm urethral defect. The urethral catheter was removed after three weeks, resulting in unobstructed urination and satisfactory recovery.
Conclusion
Clinical cases of necrotizing fasciitis and complete urethral defects in the scrotal region are rare. In the first stage, diverting urine flow and completely removing necrotic tissue while controlling the infection are crucial. After wound healing, the selection of an appropriate method for second-stage urethral reconstruction can achieve favorable outcomes.
Differential role of glucocorticoid receptor based on its cell type specific expression on tumor cells and infiltrating lymphocytes
Authors: P Snijesh V , Nimbalkar Vidya P. , Patil Sharada , Rajarajan Savitha , E. Anupama C. , S Mahalakshmi , Alexander Annie , R Soundharya , Ramesh Rakesh , Sri B. S. , Jolly Mohit Kumar , Prabhu Jyothi S. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background: The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is frequently expressed in breast cancer (BC), and its prognostic implications are contingent on estrogen receptor (ER) status. To address conflicting reports and explore therapeutic potential, a GR signature (GRsig) independent of ER status was developed. We also investigated cell type-specific GR protein expression in BC tumor epithelial cells and infiltrating lymphocytes.
Methods: GRsig was derived from Dexamethasone-treated cell lines through a bioinformatic pipeline. Immunohistochemistry assessed GR protein expression. Associations between GRsig and tumor phenotypes (proliferation, cytolytic activity (CYT), immune cell distribution, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition(EMT)) were explored in public datasets. Single-cell RNA sequencing data evaluated context-dependent GR roles, and a cell type-specific prognostic role was assessed in an independent BC cohort.
Results: High GRsig levels were associated with a favorable prognosis across BC subtypes. Tumor-specific high GRsig correlated with lower proliferation, increased CYT, and anti-tumorigenic immune cells. Single-cell data analysis revealed higher GRsig expression in immune cells, negatively correlating with EMT while a positive correlation was observed with EMT primarily in tumor and stromal cells. Univariate and multivariate analyses demonstrated the robust and independent predictive capability of GRsig for favorable prognosis. GR protein expression on immune cells in triple-negative tumors indicated a favorable prognosis.
Conclusion: This study underscores the cell type-specific role of GR, where its expression on tumor cells is associated with aggressive features like EMT, while in infiltrating lymphocytes, it predicts a better prognosis, particularly within TNBC tumors. The GRsig emerges as a promising independent prognostic indicator across diverse BC subtypes.
Negative effects of Syria’s earthquake 2023 in Aleppo city
Authors: Zidan Dina , Lala Mohammad , Jbili Rajwah , Najaty Ghina , Zidan Noura 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Earthquakes are unexpected and destructive disasters that can cause massive destruction and huge losses of life. Often, the survivors may suffer severe psychological symptoms. With the lack of related studies in the psychological field after the natural disaster that happened in Aleppo city, Syria. So, there must be a concentrated study that focuses on affected people and their feeling after treating them with anti-depressants. In our work, two questionnaires have distributed among 40 individuals that agreed on participating in this study. The questions have focused on the effect of anti-depressants API and Placebo medicines in minimizing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Our results have shown that people who given placebo were less percentages of fear after three months from the first questionnaire. Benefits of taking anti-depressants by time with continuing treatment, which is why placebo succeeded more than anti-depressants in this study.
Deep Profiling of Agroecological Resilience based on Self-Organized Productivity
Authors: Funabashi Masatoshi 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Transformative change in primary food production is urgently needed in the face of climate change and biodiversity loss. Although there are a growing number of studies aimed at global policymaking, actual implementations require on-site deep analyses of social-ecological feasibility. Here, we report the first implementations of low-input mixed polyculture of highly diverse crops (synecoculture) in Japan and Burkina Faso. Results showed that the self-organized primary production of ecosystems follows a power law and performs better compared with conventional monoculture methods in 1) promoting diversity and total quantity of products along with rapid increase of in-field biodiversity, especially in a semi-arid environment where local reversal of regime shift is observed; 2) a fundamental reduction of inputs and environmental load; and 3) ecosystem-based autonomous adaptation of the crop portfolio to climatic variability. The overall benefits imply substantial possibilities for a new typology of sustainable farming based on human-guided augmentation of ecosystem services and biodiversity maintenance mechanisms that could overcome the historical trade-off between productivity and biodiversity.
Is Childhood Mortality Higher in Urban Poor Than in Rural India?
Authors: Das Ujjwal 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The present paper examines the childhood mortality differential among urban poor and rural India using data from two rounds of National Family Health Survey Conducted in 2005-06 and 2015-16. Concentration index (CI), and cox regression were applied to address the research problem. Furthermore predicted probability was used to identify the potential predictors of infant and child mortality after adjusting the predictor variables. The findings suggest a decreasing trend in in infant mortality and child mortality both urban poor and rural India during this period. The economic inequalities respect to child mortality is higher in urban poor than in rural India. Hazard regression suggested that higher risk of child mortality in urban areas, due to poverty, low female literacy, low coverage antenatal care and safe delivery in the community. Even after controlling the possible bio-demographic variables, the study reveals that percentage declined mortality in rural areas higher than the urban poor but inequality is more widened in urban poor in India. The health program should be initiatives a major role to reducing infant and child mortality rates for both urban poor and rural India.
Effective adsorptive removal of a cationic dye from aqueous solutions using a biosorbent derived from Sargassum sp.
Authors: da Gama Brígida Maria Villar , Silanpää Mika , Selvasembian Rangabhashiyam , Silva Carlos Eduardo de Farias , Meili Lucas 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

The present research evaluated the potential use of the macroalga Sargassum sp., which was modified with filamentous fungus Cunninghamella echinulata for the biosorption of methylene blue (MB) dye. The modified fungal biomass (FERsarg) was obtained through solid-state fermentation of enzyme (alginate lyase). The FERsarg showed a pHPZC of 7.9, a low mass loss, material micro/mesoporous, and the presence of hydroxyl, carboxylic, phenolic, and carbonyl functional groups. The influence of biomass dosage, solution pH, contact time, initial concentration, and temperature were evaluated for MB biosorption, and the best results were obtained at 2 g L-1 and pH 6. The kinetic study revealed a better fit for the pseudo-second-order model, while the Sips model best described the equilibrium experimental data. The equilibrium was reached within 180 min and showed qmax yielding of 115.49 mg g-1 at 323 K. The thermodynamic understanding of the present research revealed that the biosorbent exhibited spontaneous, exothermic, and physical nature for MB removal. The adsorptive mechanism shows that the process was controlled by electrostatic attraction. Also the feasibility of using residual fermented biomass as a potential adsorbent was applied and discussed, contributing to the concept of minimum waste generation, and supporting the concept of circular bioeconomy.
Source reduction and end treatment of acid mine drainage in closed coal mines of the Yudong River Basin
Authors: Wu Quanjia , Li Xiangdong , Feng Qiyan , Li Xibin 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

After the closure of the Yudong coal mine, the pH value was approximately 3.0, and the Fe and Mn concentrations reached 380 and 69 mg/L, respectively, in the acid mine drainage (AMD), causing serious pollution to the water bodies in the nearby watershed. Combined with the formation conditions of AMD, the comprehensive treatment technology of source reduction–end treatment is adopted to treat the AMD. The treatment area of the goaf is 0.3 km3, the filling and grouting volume is about 6.7 m3, and the curtain grouting volume is 4,000 m3. Through the grouting and sealing treatment in the goaf, the water volume is reduced to less than 85% of the initial volume (100 m3/h). After the end treatment, the pH value of the effluent is around 7.0, the content of Fe and Mn is less than 0.1 mg/L, and the removal rate is above 99%. The project was subsequently operated at RMB 0.85 yuan/t. This project is aimed at the treatment of AMD from small coal mines in complex terrain conditions. It has the characteristics of low cost and high efficiency and can provide an effective treatment technology for AMD in southwestern China and areas with the same geological conditions.