bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of estrogen replacement therapy on cholinergic basal forebrain neurons and cortical cholinergic innervation in young and aged ovariectomized rhesus monkeys
Authors: Kompoliti Katie , Chu Yaping , Polish Ari , Roberts Jeffrey , McKay Heather , Mufson Elliott J. , Leurgans Sue , Morrison John H. , Kordower Jeffrey H. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractEstrogen modulates the function of cholinergic basal forebrain neurons in aged female rats. The present study tested the hypothesis that estrogen enhances the phenotype of cholinergic basal forebrain neurons and their cortical cholinergic innervation in young adult and aged ovariectomized rhesus monkeys. Sixteen monkeys (9 young and 7 aged) received two injections of estradiol cypionate or vehicle separated by 3 weeks. All monkeys were killed 1 day after the last injection. Quantitative immunofluorescence in the vertical limb of the diagonal band (VLDB) revealed enhanced optical density for choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) in both young and aged monkeys treated with estrogen. In contrast, optical density for low‐affinity p75 neurotrophin receptor immunoreactivity in the VLDB did not change after estrogen treatment in either aged or young animals. Quantitative immunofluorescence for either ChAT or the low‐affinity p75 neurotrophin receptor in the nucleus basalis Meynert failed to reveal differences between vehicle and estrogen treatment in either age group. Quantitative estimates of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) fiber density revealed that estrogen‐treated aged monkeys but not their younger counterparts had decreased numbers of AChE‐positive fibers in layer II of frontal, insular, and cingulate cortices. These data indicate that estrogen administered in a manner simulating natural hormonal cyclicity produces modest age‐specific chemical phenotypic and regional changes in select neuronal subfields of the cholinergic basal forebrain and their cortical projection sites in nonhuman primates. J. Comp. Neurol. 472:193–207, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of vomeronasal receptor genes in Xenopus laevis
Authors: Hagino‐Yamagishi Kimiko , Moriya Keiko , Kubo Hideo , Wakabayashi Yoshihiro , Isobe Naoko , Saito Shouichiro , Ichikawa Masumi , Yazaki Kazumori 
Published: March 2004

AbstractIn the course of evolution, the vomeronasal organ (VNO) first appeared in amphibians. To understand the relationship between the VNO and the vomeronasal receptors, we isolated and analyzed the expression of the vomeronasal receptor genes of Xenopus laevis. We identified genes of the Xenopus V2R receptor family, which are predominantly expressed throughout the sensory epithelium of the VNO. The G‐protein Go, which is coexpressed with V2Rs in the rodent VNO, was also extensively expressed throughout the vomeronasal sensory epithelium. These results strongly suggest that the V2Rs and Go are coexpressed in the vomeronasal receptor cells. The predominant expression of the Xenopus V2R families and the coexpression of the V2Rs and Go imply that V2Rs play important roles in the sensory transduction of Xenopus VNO. We found that these receptors were expressed not only in the VNO, but also in the posterolateral epithelial area of the principal cavity (PLPC). Electron microscopic study revealed that the epithelium of the PLPC is more like that of the VNO than that of the principal and the middle cavity. These results suggest that in adult Xenopus the V2Rs analyzed so far are predominantly expressed in the vomeronasal and vomeronasal‐like epithelium. The analysis of V2R expression in Xenopus larvae demonstrates that V2Rs are predominantly expressed in the VNO even before metamorphosis. J. Comp. Neurol. 472:246–256, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Innervation of rat iris by trigeminal and ciliary neurons expressing pChAT, a novel splice variant of choline acetyltransferase
Authors: Yasuhara Osamu , Aimi Yoshinari , Shibano Akira , Matsuo Akinori , Bellier Jean‐Pierre , Park Masami , Tooyama Ikuo , Kimura Hiroshi 
Published: March 2004

AbstractWe have recently discovered a splice variant of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) mRNA and designated the variant protein pChAT because of its preferential expression in peripheral neuronal structures. In this study, the presence of pChAT in rat iris was examined by immunohistochemistry and Western blot using a pChAT antiserum, in combination with RT‐PCR analysis and ChAT enzyme assay. For comparison, the conventional ChAT (cChAT) was studied in parallel. By pChAT immunohistochemistry, intense labeling was found to occur in nerve fibers of the iris and in neurons of the ciliary and trigeminal ganglia. Denervation studies, analyzed by semiquantitative morphometry, indicated that these iridial pChAT fibers originated about half from the ciliary ganglion and the other half from the trigeminal ganglion. The presence of pChAT protein in the iris and trigeminal ganglion was confirmed by Western blot. The expression of pChAT mRNA in the ciliary and trigeminal ganglia was proved by RT‐PCR. Although cChAT protein and mRNA were detected in the ciliary ganglion, neither was detectable in the trigeminal ganglion. The contributions of the ciliary and trigeminal ganglia to the iridial ChAT enzyme activity were verified by the present ChAT assay. Here, we provide evidence that iridial pChAT nerves are composed of postganglionic parasympathetic efferents from the ciliary ganglion and, more interestingly, somatic sensory afferents of the trigeminal ophthalmic nerve. J. Comp. Neurol. 472:232–245, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differential development of 5‐HT receptor and the serotonin transporter binding in the human infant medulla
Authors: Paterson David S. , Belliveau Richard A. , Trachtenberg Felicia , Kinney Hannah C. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractTissue receptor autoradiography with 3H‐lysergic acid diethylamide (3H‐LSD), 3H‐8‐hydroxy‐2‐[di‐N‐propylamine] tetralin (3H‐8‐OH‐DPAT), and 125I‐RTI‐55 was used to map the distribution and developmental profile of 5‐HT1A–1D and 5‐HT2 receptors, 5‐HT1A receptors, and the serotonin (5‐HT) transporter (SERT), respectively, to nuclei with cardiorespiratory function in the human medulla from midgestation to maturity. The distribution pattern of the 5‐HT markers was heterogeneous, with variable densities of binding of each observed both in nuclei with and without 5‐HT cell bodies. The highest density of binding for each marker was observed in the raphé nuclei, the site of the highest density of 5‐HT cell bodies. A significant reduction in 5‐HT receptor binding measured with 3H‐LSD was observed between midgestation and infancy, and between infancy and maturity in multiple nuclei, but no changes were observed across infancy. A significant increase in 5‐HT1A receptor binding density was observed across infancy in the hypoglossal nucleus (regression slope coefficient = 0.008 ± 0.002, P = 0.02), and a marginally significant increase was observed in the raphé obscurus (regression slope coefficient = 0.061 ± 0.026 [mean ± SEM], P = 0.05). No significant age‐related changes in SERT binding were observed at any time. With the exception of the hypoglossal nucleus, where 5‐HT1A receptor binding increases while SERT binding remains stable, the medullary 5‐HT markers analyzed in the study are essentially “in place” at birth. This study provides important baseline data that serve as a foundation for future work in pediatric 5‐HT brainstem disorders, including sudden infant death syndrome. J. Comp. Neurol. 472:221–231, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Antho‐RFamide‐containing neurons in the primitive nervous system of the anthozoan Renilla koellikeri
Authors: Pernet Vincent , Anctil Michel , Grimmelikhuijzen Cornelis J.P. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThe neuropeptide Antho‐RFamide is extremely abundant in Renilla koellikeri (sea pansy), a representative of the cnidarians (octocorallians) considered to be closest to the stem ancestors of metazoans with nervous systems. Therefore, a knowledge of the distribution of Antho‐RFamide‐containing neurons in this species would contribute to our understanding of the early evolution of nervous systems. Using antisera raised against RFamide and FMRFamide, we detected immunostaining in numerous neurons throughout the nervous system of the sea pansy. The antisera revealed ectodermal nerve‐nets on the upper and lower sides of the colony and on the oral side of tentacles, in the oral disk, and in the pharynx of feeding polyps. Neurons were immunostained also in the mesogleal nerve‐net of feeding polyps and in the through‐conducting mesogleal nerve‐net of the colonial mass. Varying densities of stained neurons were observed in the different compartments of the endoderm: muscular walls of the feeding and water circulation polyps, mesenteric filaments and their derived follicles containing either ovocytes or spermatophores, in the endodermal channels connecting the different compartments of the colony, and in circular muscle of the peduncle. The distribution of immunostained neurons suggests that they play important roles in feeding, reproduction, neuromuscular transmission, and in neuro‐neuronal transmission coordinating the different parts of the colony. J. Comp. Neurol. 472:208–220, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
On the dynamics of Gowdy space‐times
Authors: Chae Myeongju , Chruściel Piotr T. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractWe study the behavior near the singularity t = 0 of Gowdy metrics. We prove existence of an open dense set $$\hat{\Omega}$$ of boundary points near which the solution is smoothly “asymptotically velocity term dominated” (AVTD). We show that the set of AVTD solutions satisfying a uniformity condition is open in the set of all solutions. We analyze in detail the asymptotic behavior of “power law” solutions at the (hitherto unchartered) points at which the asymptotic velocity equals zero or one. Several other related results are established. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An approach for quality of service adaptation in service‐oriented Grids
Authors: Al‐Ali Rashid , Hafid Abdelhakim , Rana Omer , Walker David 
Published: March 2004

AbstractSome applications utilizing Grid computing infrastructure require the simultaneous allocation of resources, such as compute servers, networks, memory, disk storage and other specialized resources. Collaborative working and visualization is one example of such applications. In this context, quality of service (QoS) is related to Grid services, and not just to the network connecting these services. With the emerging interest in service‐oriented Grids, resources may be advertised and traded as services based on a service level agreement (SLA). Such a SLA must include both general and technical specifications, including pricing policy and properties of the resources required to execute the service, to ensure QoS requirements are satisfied. An approach for QoS adaptation is presented to enable the dynamic adjustment of behavior of an application based on changes in the pre‐defined SLA. The approach is particularly useful if workload or network traffic changes in unpredictable ways during an active session. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
EasyGrid: towards a framework for the automatic Grid enabling of legacy MPI applications
Authors: Boeres Cristina , Rebello Vinod E. F. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractOne of the goals of the Grid is to aggregate collections of shared, heterogeneous, and distributed resources to provide computational ‘power’ to parallel applications. However, designing applications capable of exploiting this potential with ease remains a challenge. This paper outlines the EasyGrid methodology for the efficient and robust execution of (legacy) MPI programs across distributed computing clusters. The principal objective of this work is to identify the application‐oriented middleware necessary for, as well as to develop a framework to automatically generate, system‐aware applications capable of executing in dynamic, unstable, distributed environments such as computational Grids. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CoDIMS: an adaptable middleware system for scientific visualization in Grids
Authors: Porto F. , Giraldi G. , Oliveira J. C. , Silva R. , Schulze B. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractIn this paper we propose a middleware infrastructure adapted for supporting scientific visualization applications over a Grid environment. We instantiate a middleware system from CoDIMS, which is an environment for the generation of configurable data integration middleware systems. CoDIMS adaptive architecture is based on the integration of special components managed by a control module that executes users workflows. We exemplify our proposal with a middleware system generated for computing particles' trajectories within the constraints imposed by a Grid environment. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Metastatic malignant melanoma in liver aspirate: Cytomorphologic distinction from hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Parwani Anil V. , Chan Theresa Y. , Mathew Seema , Ali Syed Z. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractHepatic metastases of malignant melanoma are not unusual and frequently occur with a clinically long latent period following resection of a cutaneous or ocular primary. Due to its overlapping cytomorphology with a primary hepatocellular carcinoma, diagnostic difficulties may arise on fine‐needle aspiration of these lesions if the clinical history of melanoma is not known. Thirty‐two cases of metastatic melanoma in the liver and primary hepatocellular carcinoma were studied. Aspiration was performed under ultrasound guidance using 22‐gauge spinal needle. Slides were stained with Diff‐Quik and Papanicolaou stain; cell blocks were stained with H&E. A panel of immunostains was performed using conventional methodology. Of the 12 cytologic parameters assessed, the most helpful in making a metastatic melanoma diagnosis were the presence of sheet‐like architecture, plasmacytoid and/or biphasic (epithelioid/spindled cell) morphology, cytoplasmic tails, necrosis, and cytoplasmic melanin‐like pigment. For hepatocellular carcinoma, the presence of trabeculae, perivascular cellular clustering, endothelial wrapping, and centrally located nuclei with granular cytoplasm were helpful features. In selected cases, IPOX studies were critical in arriving at the correct diagnosis. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2004;30:247–250. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Impact of the new Bethesda System 2001 on specimen adequacy of conventional cervicovaginal smears
Authors: Fidda Nisreen , Miron Joel , Rodgers William H. , Rader Anne 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThe Bethesda System (TBS) 2001 workshop addressed the issue of specimen adequacy by recommending the elimination of the “satisfactory but limited by” category and its replacement by a semiquantitative method for assessing squamous cellularity. The purpose of this study is to compare the rate of unsatisfactory specimens of conventional cervicovaginal smears (CVS) before and after the implementation of the TBS 2001 recommendations. TBS 2001 recommendations were implemented in our laboratory on January 1st, 2002. Data were compared from conventional CVS evaluated 6 mo prior and 6 mo after the implementation of TBS 2001. The total number of conventional CVS for the second half of 2001 was 5,808, 21 of which were considered unsatisfactory for evaluation (0.36%). Fourteen of these 21 cases had a repeat CVS, one case was diagnosed as low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), and one was inadequate. In contrast, there were 288 unsatisfactory CVS out of 5,459 cases (5.3%) in the first half of 2002. Of these, 154 CVS were repeated, five cases were designated as ASCUS, and three were LSIL. Twenty‐one cases had a second inadequate diagnosis, eight of these were repeated and all were negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy. In our laboratory, the use of the new Bethesda System guidelines yielded more than a 10‐fold increase in the rate of unsatisfactory conventional CVS. This led to numerous additional office visits to obtain a repeat CVS. Only eight repeat CVS identified epithelial cell abnormalities. The implications of our findings are that TBS 2001 guidelines regarding satisfactory conventional CVS result in increased healthcare cost without identifying a significant number of new epithelial cell abnormalities. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2004;30:235–239. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cervical biopsy‐based comparison of a new liquid‐based thin‐layer preparation with conventional Pap smears
Authors: Mattosinho de Castro Ferraz Maria da Gloria , Nicolau Sérgio Mancini , Stávale João Norberto , Focchi José , Castelo Adauto , Dôres Gerson Botacini , Mielzynska‐Lohnas Iwona , Lorincz Attila , Rodrigues de Lima Geraldo 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThe objective of this study is to compare the diagnostic efficacy of universal collection medium (UCM) liquid‐based cytology (LBC) (Digene Corp., MD) and the conventional Pap smear in a comparative study, using histologic results as the gold standard. This was a cross‐sectional study. Conventional Pap smears and UCM LBC specimens, obtained from women in a low socioeconomic outpatient population referred to a tertiary center for gynecologic care, were compared. For the purpose of this study, when cervical specimens were collected for cytology, all women underwent colposcopy and biopsy was done if a cervical abnormality was observed. Cytologic evaluation of UCM LBC and conventional Pap smears were carried out separately, masked to the results of the other method. Agreement beyond chance between the two cytologic methods was ascertained by means of the unweighted κ statistic. Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values with 95% confidence intervals were calculated for both methods. McNemar's test was used to determine the level of association between the two cytology procedures. A total of 800 women were evaluated. Assessment of the overall agreement between the two cytologic methods yielded a κ of 0.777 (P < 0.0001). After adjustment for histologic diagnosis, the computed κ in each stratum was as follows: normal = 0.733; CIN 1 = 0.631; CIN 2/3 = 0.735; cancer = 0.652. The sensitivity and specificity of UCM LBC for detection of cervical intraepithelial lesions and cancer were 75.3% and 86.4%, respectively, not statistically different from the 81.8% and 85.2% seen with the conventional method. This study demonstrates that the UCM LBC method is as accurate as the conventional Pap smear cytology in detecting cervical intraepithelial lesions and cancer even so the UCM samples were systematically prepared from a second sampling of the cervix. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2004;30:220–226. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mycobacterial autofluorescence in Papanicolaou‐stained lymph node aspirates: A glimmer in the dark?
Authors: Wright Colleen A. , van Zyl Yvonne , Burgess Steven M. , Blumberg Lucille , Leiman Gladwyn 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThis study was undertaken to determine the value of incorporating fluorescence into cytopathological evaluation of lymph node fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) specimens suspected of harboring mycobacterial species. The study population consisted of 1,044 HIV‐positive and ‐negative patients referred for FNA to the cytopathology unit of a South African medical school located in a very high HIV prevalence region. Each aspirate was assessed on routine Papanicolaou‐stained slides for morphologic characteristics of mycobacterial infection. The same glass slides were then viewed under fluorescent microscopy to determine the presence or absence of mycobacterial autofluorescence. Using multivariate analysis, results of both cytology and fluorescence were compared with mycobacterial culture as the final arbiter of the presence of organisms. In this large clinical study, compared with culture, cytomorphology showed sensitivity of 84.9%, but low specificity of only 50.9%. Fluorescence demonstrated lower sensitivity of 65.9%, but improved specificity of 73.0%. Taken together, positivity of both cytology and fluorescence improved specificity to 81.8%. Fluorescent microscopy is rapid, inexpensive, and cost‐effective; neither radioactive materials nor further staining are required. It is felt that this methodology would be of diagnostic benefit if used on morphologically suspicious samples in areas with a high prevalence of HIV and mycobacterial infections. Appropriate therapy could be commenced within hours of FNA, with reduction in the current number of patients lost to follow‐up while awaiting results of culture. The technique is readily extended to other FNA types such as deep organ aspirates. Autofluorescence of organisms specifically requires usage of Papanicolaou staining; the technique cannot be used in histopathologic specimens stained with hematoxylin‐eosin. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2004;30:257–260. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fine‐needle aspiration of primary and recurrent dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans
Authors: Klijanienko Jerzy , Caillaud Jean‐Michel , Lagacé Réal 
Published: March 2004

AbstractDermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a nodular cutaneous mesenchymal tumor of intermediate malignancy. Studies on fine‐needle aspiration of DFSP are extremely rare; to our knowledge, only 33 cases have been reported. We have reviewed 14 examples of DFSP in 13 patients. Ten primary tumors were aspirated before surgical biopsy and four recurrent lesions (all from superficial lesions) were also investigated by fine‐needle aspiration. All smears were surprisingly homogeneous and composed of isolated spindle cells in all cases (one unsatisfactory smear is excluded). Tissue fragments with a stroriform pattern were seen in 11 cases, fibrillary stromal fragments in 10 cases, naked nuclei in 8 cases, slight to moderate cytonuclear atypia in 5 cases. Mitotic figures, myxoid background, mast cells, and dispersed adipocytes were rare. Giant cells, necrosis, or marked cytonuclear atypia were not seen. DFSP shares morphological characteristics of some low‐grade spindle‐cell neoplasms. It should be differentiated from other benign low‐ and intermediate‐grade spindle neoplasm such as low‐grade fibrosarcoma, fibromyxosarcoma, low‐grade malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, benign peripheral nerve sheath tumor, nodular fasciitis, and fibrous histiocytoma. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2004;30:261–265. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Using urbanization profiles to assess screening performance
Authors: Boon Mathilde E. , Kok Lambrecht P. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThe large Dutch data sets acquired as a result of population‐based cervical smear screening programs can be further exploited to obtain an urbanization‐weighted score to gain insight into the quality of the performance of the individual cytology laboratories.Based on the first four digits of the postal code of the screenees, the data are stratified according to urbanization. Urb 1 corresponds to (semi)rural, which includes villages and small townships with less than 20,000 inhabitants; Urb 2, to towns with between 20,000 and 250,000 inhabitants; and Urb 3, to big cities, in this case, The Hague. From the postal code data of the screenees, the urbanization profiles of the laboratories can be calculated. The urbanization degree proved to have a substantial effect on the cytologic scores in the four laboratories. The number of expected, urbanization‐weighted patient cases is calculated. Accordingly, the laboratories could be compared with respect to performance.We conclude that laboratories in our screening program were quite similar in performance for the cytologic diagnosis leading to referral to the hospital, with little difference between the actual and the expected, urbanization‐weighted number of cases.It is evident that the equation for calculating the expected scores for S5–S9 is relevant for control of quality of care provided by laboratories and regions, but also for the quality of these assessments. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2004;30:243–246. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.