bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Living Single and the “Fight for Mr. Right”: Latifah Don’t Play
Authors: Zook Kristal Brent 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
There is an episode of Martin in which Lawrence’s character is prompted by his “boys” to prove a point. While working out at the gym, Martin removes his wedding ring to show his best friends, Tommy and Cole, that he can still get “da honeys.” Sure enough, writhing girl-toys flock to his side mere seconds after the gold band disappears. This scene illustrates why it was appropriate that Martin served as the lead-in for Living Single: Both shared the premise that the world is teeming with black women who’ll do just about anything to land a single, and preferably rich, man.1 In this chapter I want to highlight three contradictory ideological forces at work in Living Single. The first is what I call the “desperation theme,” which is based on the market-driven theory that black audiences appreciate regressive representations of women and which was touted by network executives riding the wave of Terry McMillan’s best-selling 1992 novel Waiting to Exhale. The second is a moderate feminism inspired by the autobiographical vision of Living Single’s creator, Yvette Lee Bowser.
Under the Sign of Malcolm: Memory, Feminism, and Political Activism on Roc
Authors: Zook Kristal Brent 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Hoping to portray a family experience more complex and representative than Cosby’s picture-perfect lifestyle, Charles Dutton, executive producer and star of Roe, set out to portray a workingclass black family with all the love and devotion of the Huxtables, minus the wealth. His show revolved around Roe Emerson, an honest and hardworking employee of the Baltimore sanitation department (a “garbage engineer,” as he says), and his wife Eleanor (Ella Joyce), a nurse. While saving for their dream home, the Emersons share a brownstone with Roe’s errant brother ,Joey (Rocky Carroll), and curmudgeonly father, Andrew (Carl Gordon). The ensemble cast was already familiar to some viewers; the actors had earned critical acclaim for their collective performance in August Wilson’s stage hit The Piano Lesson. When Dutton got the call from Fox to do a television show, he packed up his co-stars and brought them with him.
Resuming Advance November 1949–June 1950
Authors: Mastny Vojtech 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Moscow regarded 1949 as a watershed year during which the West turned more aggressive than before. This was true—not so much because of the creation of NATO, which for the time being lacked important operational consequences, as because of the American intention to destabilize Eastern Europe. As in 1947 by launching the Marshall Plan, the United States again had begun to move to a higher level confrontation before the Soviet Union did. Previously Stalin had used the communists in an attempt to destabilize Western Europe but had failed; would the West be more successful in his own backyard? Or, would he again—as in 1947—overreact to the challenge by anticipating its results before they could materialize, thus driving the spiral of conflict farther upward? In either case, the dynamics of East-West relations presaged more conflict.
The Office of Policy Coordination, created in Washington in 1948 to supervise a counteroffensive against “Soviet-directed world communism,” proved notably successful in mobilizing resistance against it in Western Europe, particularly Italy. Made part of the Central Intelligence Agency and entrusted with covert operations, it subsequently became the main tool to achieve, as the National Security Council put it November 1948, “gradual retraction of undue Russian power and influence from the present perimeter areas” and the restoration of the Soviet satellites as independent states.
Fits and Starts March 1952–November 1952
Authors: Mastny Vojtech 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Much like in the pre war Great Purge, in the one that was now climaxing concern about Germany permeated the Soviet mind. Although Stalin in April 1952 chose to reply to questions asked by U.S. journalists that war was not any closer than it had been two or three years earlier, he did not say that the threat had passed. He insisted that peace could be preserved if only the West carried out its purported obligations and abstained from interfering in other countries’ internal affairs. By this he meant restoration of four-power control in Germany and acquiescence in Soviet control of Eastern Europe. Unlike its destiny, however, that of Germany was not in Stalin’s hands—something he still refused to acknowledge with a stubbornness making a mockery of his supposed realism.
On March 10, the Soviet government sent its Western counterparts the later celebrated proposal that went farther than any previous or later one in envisaging the unification of a nonaligned Germany. Their failure to act on the proposal gave rise to the protracted and tiresome German debate about whether an opportunity to end the country’s division, if not the Cold War itself, may not have been missed at that time. In striking contrast to these speculations, retrospective Soviet assessments never attributed such inflated significance to this long tantalizing, but now finally explicable, episode.
The Dead End November 1952–March 1953
Authors: Mastny Vojtech 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The last three months of Stalin’s life were the darkest of his dark ages. Not only did dark deeds proliferate, but also all their motives may forever remain shrouded in darkness. Yet they are indispensable for the explanation of Soviet policy, or the lack of it, at this critical juncture of the Cold War. Did Stalin’s terror make his empire, as American officials believed, “well nigh invulnerable” or, on the contrary, all the more vulnerable because of the paralysis it spread? What did Stalin himself think and what were the implications of his adversaries’ perceptions of the empire’s unnatural condition for Western policy—or the lack of that?
In one of its less perceptive appraisals of the situation, the U.S. Board of National Estimates on November 21, 1952, estimated that on the Soviet side “internal stresses and strains appear less serious now than ever before.” This was the day after Eastern Europe’s most gigantic political trial of the deposed Czechoslovak party secretary Slansky and his accused confederates opened in Prague, bringing the stress and strain to an almost unbearable level. It was a time when no one, not the least those in the highest places, could be certain when, whence, and why the next blow might come. The conspicuous reluctance of the controlled Soviet media to comment about the court proceedings despite their extensive factual coverage added to the uncertainty about what, if anything, the future might hold.
Coping with the Stalin Legacy March–July 1953
Authors: Mastny Vojtech 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In having to manage a predecessor’s difficult legacy, in 1953 Stalin’s heirs faced a predicament similar to the one Brezhnev’s successors would face thirty years later. They all sought to adapt an obsolescent system to new domestic requirements amid rising international tension without losing control, and perhaps power, in the process. On both occasions they were handicapped by being both the products and the victims of the system they had inherited. Nor was their task made easier by the presence in Washington of a hostile Republican administration seemingly bent on exploiting their distress to its advantage. Whereas the second time the system collapsed, in 1953 it had survived. In ensuring this outcome—and the resulting nearly four decades of continued East-West rivalry—the five months after Stalin’s death were crucial.
The post-Stalin leadership was less fractious than its enemies hoped. Rather than please them by falling out with each other, the autocrat’s successors divided up his mantle among themselves so that no one would be able to wear it whole. As agreed when he lay dying, on March 15 the Supreme Soviet rubberstamped Beriia’s nomination of Malenkov for premiership after he had the day before relinquished the party secretaryship to Khrushchev.
Encouraging Citizenship
Authors: Dagger Richard 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In Part I of this book, I tried to show how a concern for individual rights is compatible with a commitment to the importance of community, duty, and virtue. Rousseau’s contractarian republicanism reinforces this point. But Rousseau’s outline of an association in which each man unites with all yet obeys only himself and remains as free as before also points up the difficulty of ensuring the civic virtue necessary to republican liberalism. That is, he leaves us with the question of whether republican liberalism is practically possible.
Inventing Periodical Publication, 1620–40
Authors: Sommerville C John 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
News may be one of humanity’s oldest pleasures, but daily news is a comparatively recent invention. The time it took for publishers to master the technique of regular, periodical news, and the false starts in the development of that idea, show how curious a notion it is-natural though it may seem after three centuries. And the shock registered by some of those publishers’ better-educated contemporaries reinforces the sense that a whole culture must change before regular, printed news could seem a part of the natural order.
Organizing a News Industry, 1640–60
Authors: Sommerville C John 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
So far, we have only seen periodical news as a commercial sideline among a handful of printers. That was to change when the monarchy lost control of England in 1641 and was too distracted to control the publication of domestic news. In the early 1640s, entrepreneurs competed to develop news production in a variety of ways. Elements with which we are familiar-partisanship, statistics, verbal caricature, editorials, humor, advertisements, and even pornography-soon became part of the formula for news success. Professionalization developed to the point that journalists could write effectively for opposing sides. And the success of the enterprise is evident in the size of their audience, which could not shake off its addiction for news even when left with only one, official newsbook.
Turning Religion Upside Down
Authors: Sommerville C John 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
If periodical news found a natural affinity for politics, it discovered the opposite with religion. Religion is about the abiding realities-about the eternal, if you like-while periodicity encourages a concentration on the transitory and the mundane. Religion tries to deepen the mystery of our existence, while news of religion transforms it into fact. The distorting effect of news on religion had nothing to do with an antireligious bias among early journalists. Indeed, it can even be detected in the earliest efforts to create religious periodicals. Religion had once provided the frame within which the events of life found their place. After the news revolution, religion became simply a part of the world of news. Daily news replaced religion as the master text of a modernizing society, even for illiterate persons. Theology, meanwhile, became literal-minded, in imitation of the discourse of scientific and historical fact, turning its back on a symbolic language that was its natural idiom.
The Club Image and Vicarious Community
Authors: Sommerville C John 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The defining moment in the life of the English reading public came at around the tum of the eighteenth century, shortly after the press found itself free. That was when local affairs became part of the world of news, when the image of the club became symbolic of the informed public, and when caricature began to replace civil discourse. Together, these changes would tend to reduce periodical publication from a medium to a mechanism. That is, they reduced the effort needed to participate in public opinion, by marketing news and discussion as a product. No longer did readers need to search out a wider world when they could find it on their own doorstep. No longer did they need to engage with a diverse coffeehouse crowd when they could find a more like-minded group in the “club” to which they subscribed. And there was no longer any challenge to engage with alien views after seeing them portrayed in freakish shape. Readers could begin to live in a more subjective world, encouraged by a news industry whose expertise was in the knowledge of its customers rather than some outer reality.
Issues Facing the Church
Authors: Camp Roderic Ai 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Religion performs numerous functions for individuals, institutions, and societies. Normally, one conceptualizes religion performing spiritual functions, and indeed that is the primary responsibility and expectation of Catholicism and most other religions. Religion, as a depository of values, also interacts with society, creating a composite culture that mixes religious and secular principles. Over time, secular values, having their origins in religion, may be indistinguishable from the religious. Latin American scholars repeatedly point to the impact of Catholicism on the region’s culture, as distinct from its narrow traditional spiritual influences.
Religion, Politics, and the Laity
Authors: Camp Roderic Ai 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The role of the Catholic Church and clergy is strongly affected by the importance of religion in society and how religion affects the behavior and attitudes of individual Mexicans. 1 Empirical evidence exists to support a linkage between religiosity, however measured, and sociopolitical attitudes. A larger premise of this study is that priests have the potential for affecting citizen values, if not their receptiveness to specific public policies.Clergy have numerous opportunities to communicate social and political messages through such channels as Masses, pastoral letters, lay education classes, poster displays, and Church publications.Since Catholic religious groups account for the largest number of social organizations in the country, the relationship between religion and the laity takes on added significance.
Structure and Decision Making
Authors: Camp Roderic Ai 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The Catholic Church can be likened to an international corporation consisting of local and regional franchises. These franchises play by the organization’s general rules, but independent CEOs, bishops, make most decisions and implement policy choices. The Catholic Church’s structure is complicated by the fact that it incorporates international and national actors at many levels, it draws on diverse forms of funding, it recruits rank-and-file clergy from different nationalities, and its clergy are divided into two categories.
Rationalization and its Discontents
Authors: Campos Paul F 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Six thousand years ago, the peoples of the Nile valley began to bury their dead in ways that indicated they believed the departed would go on to an afterlife. At first, such rituals were limited to including a few household implements inside the modest burial sites within which the corpses were placed. Then followed the practice of mummification to preserve the body itself, and the gradual elaboration of the place of burial. Eventually these practices culminated in the building of enormous tombs for persons of high social rank, a practice that itself reached its apogee with the construction of the great Pyramids at Giza in the twenty sixth century B.C. The only surviving wonders of the ancient world, they still rise out of the boundless sands of the Sahara as durable monuments to the theological obsessions of the Pharaohs, obsessions that eventually caused a huge portion of the wealth of a great civilization to be poured into the building of tombs.
The Way of Renunciation
Authors: Campos Paul F 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In the cold calculus of the utilitarian the American law school is a classic barrier to entry, designed to maintain a professional cartel. From a democratic viewpoint it is a seminary for the production of a mystifying priestcraft, whose obscurantist incantations help legitimate the power of the social and cultural elite. In academic terms it is a mostly fraudulent operation that teaches neither theory nor practice, but instead functions as the equivalent of a foreign service academy that would show its charges Goldfinger several hundred times before sending them forth to conduct trade talks with Austria. Should it then perhaps be abolished altogether? After all, no other legal system in the world requires three years of postgraduate schooling before a person can undertake the most routine matter of client representation or courtroom advocacy. Indeed, some hint of the latent dissatisfaction with this system is found in such curiosities as the maverick presidential candidate Morry Taylor making a pledge to close down American law schools for ten years one of the major proposals of his quixotic campaign.
Better Going Down than Going Up
Authors: Lowe Elizabeth , Borges Dain 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
All oracles speak with a forked tongue, but they can be understood. Natividade finally understood the cabocla, even though she heard nothing more from her. It was enough to know that things of the future would be good, and her sons great and glorious, for her to feel happy and to pull a 50,000 réis note from her purse. It was five times the customary price, and it was worth as much or more than the rich gifts of Croesus to Pythia. She carefully placed the portraits and the locks of hair back in her bag, and the pair left, while the cabocla retreated to the back rooms of her dwelling, to wait for the next clients.There were already some customers at the door, with their numbers, and the women retreated hastily down the stairs, their faces veiled.
The Epigraph
Authors: Lowe Elizabeth , Borges Dain 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Well, that is precisely the epigraph of the book, if l wanted to write one for it and none other occurred to me. It is not only a way of completing the characters in the narrative with the ideas they evoked, but it also serves as a pair of spectacles with which the reader can penetrate what is less clear or totally obscure. On the other hand, there is an advantage in having my characters collaborate in the story, helping the author, through an act of solidarity, a kind of exchange of services, between the chess player and his pieces.
The Rest Is True
Authors: Lowe Elizabeth , Borges Dain 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Yes, there was a person, younger than they by one or two years, who made them lock horns whether by force of habit or of temperament, if not because of both. Before her, there may have been others, even older than they were, but the notes used for this book do not refer to them. lf they fought over these other ones, there was no memory of it, but it is possible, since they had identical tastes. lf it were otherwise, they would have too, like the medieval knights who defended their ladies.
Memories
Authors: Lowe Elizabeth , Borges Dain 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
That other larger and more remote din would not have a place here, if it were not for the need to explain the sudden gesture with which Aires stopped on the sidewalk. He stopped, came back to himself, and continued to walk with his eyes on the ground and his soul in Caracas. It was in Caracas, where he had served as attache to the diplomatic mission.
Between Acts
Authors: Lowe Elizabeth , Borges Dain 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Those lunches were repeated, the months passed, holidays came, holidays went, and Aires had penetrated the twins well. He wrote them into the Memoirs, where one reads about the consultation with old Placido and what he said about the pair and also the visit to the cabocla of the Castelo hill and the fight before they were born, old and obscure stories he remembered, linked, and deciphered.
The Old Sign
Authors: Lowe Elizabeth , Borges Dain 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Everyone returned from the island with the ball in their head, many dreamt of it, some slept badly or not at all. Aires was one of those who woke up late. It was eleven o’clock. At midday he had lunch. Then he wrote in his Memoirs the impressions of the evening, he noted various bare shoulders, made political observations, and ended with the words which conclude the previous chapter. He smoked, read, until he resolved to go to the Rua do Ouvidor.
“Woman Is the Undoing of Man”
Authors: Lowe Elizabeth , Borges Dain 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
When he said good-bye, Aires had a thought which I transcribe here in case some reader might have had the same idea. The thought was the work of astonishment, and that astonishment arose from seeing how a man who had such difficulty ceding to his wife’s insistence (Begone, Satan, etc.; see chapter XLVII) simply threw caution to the winds.
The Whole Night
Authors: Lowe Elizabeth , Borges Dain 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Lcaving his house, Paulo went to the home of a friend, and the two began to seek others of the same age and same intimacy. They went to the newspaper offices, to the barracks at the Campo, and spent some time in front of Deodoro’s house. They enjoyed seeing the soldiers, on foot or on horseback, they asked their permission to pass, spoke to them, and offered them cigarettes. It was the soldiers’ only concession. None of them offered to tell what had happened and not all knew anything.
A Secret Awakens
Authors: Lowe Elizabeth , Borges Dain 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Well, what secret is there that is not discovered? Wit, good will, curiosity, call it what you will, there is a force that drags out here everything that people try to hide. Secrets themselves get tired of remaining silent-silent or sleeping. Let us keep that other verb, which serves the image better. They get tired, and they help in their own fashion what we attribute to the indiscretion of others.
Neither Weaves nor Unravels
Authors: Lowe Elizabeth , Borges Dain 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
While they inquired about her in Petr6polis, Flora’s moral situation was the same, the same conflict of affinities, the same balance between preferences. Once the conflict ceased, the equilibrium collapsed, the solution would come rapidly, and as much as it might hurt one of the lovers, the other would triumph unless that dagger of Aires’s story intervened.
At the Foot of the Grave
Authors: Lowe Elizabeth , Borges Dain 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Neither one of them counted the time they spent in that place. Suffice it to say that it was filled with silence, contemplation, and longing. I don’t confirm it, so as not to trouble you now, but it is possible they also cried. They had handkerchiefs in their hands; they wiped their eyes. Later, with fallen arms, their hands holding their hats, they appeared to look at the flowers covering the grave, but in reality they were gazing at the being within it.
Two Inaugurations
Authors: Lowe Elizabeth , Borges Dain 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Thursday, when the twins took their seats in the Chamber, Natividade and Perpetua went to see the ceremony. Pedro or Paulo arranged seats of honor for them. The mother wanted Aires to go, too. When he arrived, he already found the two ladies seated, Natividade looking through her eyeglass at the president of the Chamber and the deputies. One of these was reading the official register, and nobody was paying attention to him.