bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intrauterine Kontrazeption
Authors: Skala Christine 
Published: February 2024

ZusammenfassungDie intrauterine Kontrazeption bietet eine sofortige und effektive Verhütung über einen langen Zeitraum. Deshalb ist die Akzeptanz sehr hoch. Am häufigsten werden zwei unterschiedliche intrauterine Pessare (IUP) im klinischen Alltag eingesetzt: die kupferhaltigen Spiralen und Ketten sowie levonorgestrelhaltige Systeme. Die Anwendung intrauteriner Pessare erscheint unbedenklich, weil weder für extrauterine Schwangerschaften noch für aufsteigende Infektionen eine Risikosteigerung zu erwarten ist. Auch die Fertilität erscheint nicht beeinträchtigt. Dennoch bleibt die Form der Kontrazeption eine individuelle Entscheidung und muss den Bedürfnissen, aber auch dem Risikoprofil der Patientin angepasst werden. Gerade bei jungen Patientinnen sind Stimmungsschwankungen unter der levonorgestrelhaltigen Spirale möglich. Die Auswirkungen eines langjährigen Einsatzes eines intrauterinen Pessars bei Adoleszentinnen in Bezug auf die Rezeptivität des Endometriums können bislang nicht abgeschätzt werden. Deshalb sollte im Vorfeld eine gründliche Abwägung erfolgen.
Innovative computational tools provide new insights into the polyploid wheat genome
Authors: Chen Yongming , Wang Wenxi , Yang Zhengzhao , Peng Huiru , Ni Zhongfu , Sun Qixin , Guo Weilong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBread wheat (Triticum aestivum) is an important crop and serves as a significant source of protein and calories for humans, worldwide. Nevertheless, its large and allopolyploid genome poses constraints on genetic improvement. The complex reticulate evolutionary history and the intricacy of genomic resources make the deciphering of the functional genome considerably more challenging. Recently, we have developed a comprehensive list of versatile computational tools with the integration of statistical models for dissecting the polyploid wheat genome. Here, we summarize the methodological innovations and applications of these tools and databases. A series of step-by-step examples illustrates how these tools can be utilized for dissecting wheat germplasm resources and unveiling functional genes associated with important agronomic traits. Furthermore, we outline future perspectives on new advanced tools and databases, taking into consideration the unique features of bread wheat, to accelerate genomic-assisted wheat breeding.
A 4000 Mʘ supermassive star as a possible source for the W1 kilomaser
Authors: Nowak Katarzyna , Krause Martin G. H. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSupermassive stars have been proposed as the solution to a number of longstanding problems in globular cluster formation. The hypothetical stars have been suggested as potential polluters responsible for the observed chemical peculiarities within those clusters. In recent hydrodynamic simulations, we have demonstrated that accretion discs around such stars are stable even with large stellar accretion and flyby rates and produce H2O kilomasers. We propose that the W1 kilomaser, associated with a super star cluster in the starburst galaxy NGC 253, may arise in an accretion disc around a supermassive star with a mass of around 4000 Mʘ.
Snapshot of a magnetohydrodynamic disk wind traced with water masers
Authors: Moscadelli Luca , Sanna Alberto , Beuther Henrik , Oliva André , Kuiper Rolf 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDisk-jet systems are common in astrophysical sources of different nature, from black holes to gaseous giant planets. The disk drives the mass accretion onto a central compact object and the jet ejects material along the disk rotation axis. Magnetohydrodynamic disk winds can provide the link between mass accretion and ejection, which is essential to ensure that the excess angular momentum is removed and accretion can proceed. However, up to now, we have been lacking direct observational proof of disk winds. This work presents a direct view of the velocity field of a disk wind around a forming massive star. Achieving a very high spatial resolution of 0.05 au, our water maser observations trace the velocities of individual streamlines emerging from the disk orbiting the forming star. We find that, at low elevation above the disk midplane, the flow co-rotates with its launch point in the disk, in agreement with magneto-centrifugal acceleration. Beyond the co-rotation point, the flow rises spiraling around the disk rotation axis along a helical magnetic field. We have performed (resistive-radiative-gravito-) magnetohydrodynamic simulations of the formation of a massive star and record the development of a magneto-centrifugally launched jet presenting many properties in agreement with our observations.
A Holistic Search for Megamaser Disks and their Role in Feeding Supermassive Black Holes
Authors: Constantin Anca , Kelahan Cameron , Kuo C. Y. , Braatz J. A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIf water megamaser disk activity is intimately related to the circumnuclear activity from accreting supermassive black holes, a thorough understanding of the co-evolution of galaxies with their central black holes should consider the degree to which the maser production correlates with traits of their host galaxies. This contribution presents an investigation of multiwavelength nuclear and host properties of galaxies with and without water megamasers, that reveals a rather narrow multi-dimensional parameter space associated with the megamaser emission. This “goldilocks” region embodies the availability of gas, the degree of dusty obscuration and reprocessing of the central emission, the black hole mass, and the accretion rate, suggesting that the disk megamaser emission in particular is linked to a short-lived phase in the intermediate-mass galaxy evolution, providing new tools for both 1) further constraining the growth process of the incumbent AGN and its host galaxy, and 2) significantly boosting the maser disk detection by efficiently confining the 22 GHz survey parameters.
Investigating the inner circumstellar envelopes of oxygen-rich evolved stars with ALMA observations of high-J SiO masers
Authors: Pimpanuwat B. , A. M. S.  , Richards  , M. D.  , Gray  , S.  , Etoka  , L.  , Decin  
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe highlight a few results from ALMA Band 6 observations of high-rotational transition number (J) SiO masers towards oxygen-rich AGB and red supergiant stars carried out as part of the ATOMIUM Large Programme in 2018–2020. A search for a relationship between mass-loss rates and flux-weighted mean angular distances of maser components was inconclusive, as linear regression models for the 28SiO v=1 J =5–4 and J =6–5 transitions were inconsistent. Supplementary APEX observations towards the ATOMIUM AGB stars also suggest variability at different stellar pulsation phases.
Yamaguchi interferometer survey of protostellar outflows embedded in 70-μm dark infrared dark cloud
Authors: Kitaguchi Keita , Motogi Kazuhito , Fujisawa Kenta , Niinuma Kotaro , Fujiwara Ryotaro 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRecent ALMA observations detected protostellar outflows in 70-μm dark infrared dark clouds (IRDCs). These sources are candidates for the initial stages of high-mass star formation. We launched a new survey for free-free emission from outflow shocks using the Yamaguchi Interferometer (YI) at 8 GHz. We aim to catalog “proto-high-mass protostar” candidates that are still in the low to intermediate-mass phase. We selected starless-like clumps without any 70-μm point source from Traficante et al. (2015). We currently detected 82 sources from 167 clumps. 37 of them are fainter than 20 mJy (down to a few mJy). They tend to associate with colder and denser clumps that are suitable for star formation. This fact suggests that, at least, some of them trace star-formation activities. The highest-density clumps are, in fact, associated with several masers and molecular outflows. Furthermore, some of them have already shown a signature of ongoing cluster formation.
ATLASGAL: methanol masers at 3 mm
Authors: Yang W. , Gong Y. , Menten K. M. , Wyrowski F. , Urquhart J. S. , Henkel C. , Csengeri T. , Ellingsen S. P. , Bemis A. R. , Jang J. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe analyzed the 3 mm wavelength spectral line survey of 408 clumps from the APEX telescope large area survey of the Galaxy, focusing on the methanol maser transitions. The main goals of this study are (1) to search for new methanol masers, (2) to statistically study the relationship between class I masers and shock tracers, (3) to study the properties between methanol masers and their host clumps, also as a function of their evolutionary stages and, (4) to better constrain the physical conditions using multiple co-spatial line pairs.
ALMA observations of the environments of G301.1364-00.2249A
Authors: Assembay Zh. , Komesh T. , Garay G. , Omar A. , Esimbek J. , Alimgazinova N. , Kyzgarina M. , Murat Sh. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractContext: Theoretical scenarios describe the phenomenon of mass accumulation by high-mass young stellar objects (HMYSOs) through disk accretion. Aims: To find out whether the rotation of the core around hyper-compact (HC) HII regions is common Methods: The molecular core G301.1364-00.2249A was selected as the subject of investigation. Observations were carried out on CH3CN, SO2, H29α radio recombination line and continuum emission. Analysis involved the “Moment 0, 1, 2" and “Population-diagram” methods. Result: The structures of G301.1364-00.2249A exhibited clear definition. CH3CN moment 0 images revealed multiple enhanced emission regions and an absorption area. The moment 1 image depicted a velocity gradient from southeast to northwest. Conclusion: The molecular gas has a rotational motion in the direction from the southeast to northwest. The rotational temperature was measured at 293 K.
Southern Hemisphere Maser Astrometry
Authors: Ellingsen Simon , Reid Mark , Menten Karl , Hyland Lucas , Kumar Jayender , Oroz Gabor , Weston Stuart , Dodson Richard , Rioja Maria 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMany astrophysical phenomena can only be studied in detail for objects in our galaxy, the Milly Way, but we know much more about the structure of thousands of nearby galaxies than we do about our own Galaxy. Accurate distance measurements in the Milky Way underpin our ability to understand a wide range of astrophysical phenomena and this requires observations from both the northern and southern hemisphere. Our ability to measure accurate parallaxes to southern masers has been hampered a range of factors, in particular the absence of a dedicated, homogeneous VLBI array in the south. We have recently made significant advances in astrometric calibration techniques which allow us to achieve trigonometric parallax accuracies of around 10 micro-arcseconds (μas) for 6.7 GHz methanol masers with a hetrogeneous array of 4 antennas. We outline the details of this new “multiview” technique and present the first trigonometric parallax measurements that utilise this approach.
Discovery of SiO masers in the “Water Fountain” source, IRAS 16552–3050
Authors: Amada Kei , Imai Hiroshi , Hamae Yuhki , Nakashima Keisuke , Shum Ka-Yiu , Tafoya Daniel , Uscanga Lucero , Gómez José F. , Orosz Gabor , Burns Ross A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe report new detections of SiO ν = 1 and ν = 2 J = 1 → 0 masers in the “water fountain” source IRAS 16552-3050, which was observed with the Nobeyama 45 m telescope from March 2021 to April 2023. Water fountains are evolved stars whose H2O maser spectra trace high-velocity outflows of >100 Km s−. This is the second known case of SiO masers in a water fountain, after their prototypical source, W 43A. The line-of-sight velocity of the SiO masers are blue-shifted by ∼25 km s−1 from the systemic velocity. This velocity offset imply that the SiO masers are associated with nozzle structure formed by a jet penetrating the circumstellar envelope, and that new gas blobs of the jet erupted recently. Thus, the SiO masers imply this star to be in a new evolutionary stage.
Exploring galactic and extragalactic masers with LLAMA
Authors: Dominici Tânia P. ,   LLAMA Collaboration
Published: February 2024

AbstractLLAMA (Large Latin America Millimeter/submillimeter Array) is a new radio observatory that is being constructed in a collaboration between Argentina and Brazil. It will consist of a 12 meters diameter antenna that is being installed in Alto Chorrillos at 4850 m of altitude, in the Salta province of Argentina. Alto Chorrillos is a high-quality astronomical site similar to Chajnantor (Chile), where ALMA observatory operates. When completed, LLAMA will allow line, continuum and linear polarization observations between 35 and 700 GHz, approximately. For the first light, LLAMA will be equipped with ALMA-like receivers at bands 5 (163 - 211 GHz), 6 (211 - 275 GHz) and 9 (602 - 720 GHz). LLAMA is being planned to be a versatile astronomical facility that will serve the scientific community for the exploration of scientific topics as diverse as the molecular evolution of the Universe, black holes and their accretion disks, astrophysical jets, stellar formation and evolution, the structure of our galaxy and the Sun, planetary atmospheres and extragalactic astronomy. In this work, I will present the LLAMA project and the perspectives for this new astronomical facility in the context of the investigation of galactic and extragalactic masers.
Masers in evolved stars; the Bulge Asymmetries and Dynamical Evolution (BAaDE) Survey
Authors: Sjouwerman Loránt O. , Pihlström Ylva M. , Lewis Megan O. , Bhattacharya Rajorshi , Claussen Mark J ,   BAaDE Collaboration
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe Bulge Asymmetries and Dynamic Evolution (BAaDE) project attempts to improve our knowledge about the structure and dynamics of the inner Milky Way galaxy by sampling tens of thousands of infrared color-selected evolved stars with circumstellar envelopes (CSEs). The SiO masers in these CSEs yield the object’s line-of-sight velocity instantly and accurately, and together provide a sample of point-mass particles that are complementary to high-mass star formation masers typically found in the Galactic Disk as well as to optical samples that cannot reach into the Galactic Plane and Bulge due to extremely high visual extinction. This presentation introduces the BAaDE survey and highlights current results.
Distance of the Seyfert 2 galaxy IC2560 and the Hubble constant
Authors: Nakai Naomasa , Yamauchi Aya , Yamazaki Madoka , Harada Reo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWater vapor maser emission from a Seyfert 2 galaxy IC2560 was observed with sensitive VLBI. The accurate black hole mass was determined by separating the mass of the disk surrounding the black hole. In addition, the distance of the galaxy was directly measured from the maser disk. The Hubble constant determined using the distances and recession velocities of IC2560 and othere megamasers is inconsistent with that determined with CMB by 3–6 km s-1 Mpc-1.
Galactic Maser Astrometry with VERA
Authors: Honma Mareki , Hirota Tomoya , Hachisuka Kazuya , Imai Hiroshi , Kobayashi Hideyuki , Jike Takaaki , Nakagawa Akiharu , Oyama Tomoaki , Sunada Kazuyshi , Sakai Daisuke , Sakai Nobuyuki , Yamauchi Aya 
Published: February 2024

AbstractVERA has been regularly conducting astrometry of Galactic maser sources for ∼ 20 years, producing more than 100 measurements of parallaxes and proper motions of star-forming regions as well as AGB stars. By combining the observational results obtained by VLBA BeSSeL, EVN, and LBA, maser astrometry provides a unique opportunity to explore the fundamental structure of the Galaxy. Here we present the view of the Galaxy revealed by the maser astrometry, and also discuss the importance of maser astrometry in the era of GAIA by comparing the results obtained by VLBI and GAIA. We also present our view of “proper motions toward the future” of the relevant field, expected in the next decade based on global collaborations.
Multiple scales of view for outflow driven by a high-mass young stellar object, G25.82–W1
Authors: Kim Jungha , Kim Mikyoung , Hirota Tomoya , Choi Minho , Kang Miju , Kim Kee-Tae ,   KaVA working group for star formation
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe are investigating the extended outflow from G25.82–W1, which is one of the members of the high-mass protocluster G25.82–0.17. The aim is to study the star-forming environment of G25.82–W1. To identify the outflow, we obtained CO 2-1 data using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array.We have identified several spatial and spectral outflows, including: 1) an extended N1–S1 CO outflow, driven by a high-mass young stellar object (HM-YSO) named G25.82–W1; 2) an elongated SE–NW outflow powered by G25.82–W2; 3) a compact and curved N2–S2 CO outflow originating from G25.82–E; and 4) a pair of knotty lobes centered on G25.82–W.Furthermore, the innermost region of the N1–S1 CO outflow, traced by the 22 GHz H2O maser, reveals a complex spatial and velocity structure within a 2” from its launching point.To accurately calculate the properties of the N1–S1 CO outflow, we have utilized an accurate distance measurement of d=4.5 kpc, derived from the annual parallax of the H2O masers. The outflow rate and force are comparable to those observed in outflows from other HM-YSOs. The physical properties of the N1–S1 CO outflow follow a trend connecting the low and high-mass regimes, supporting the idea that the star-forming mode in G25.82–W1 is likely a scaled-up version of low-mass star formation.
A Multiwavelengh study towards Galactic HII region G10.32-0.26
Authors: Kim Mi Kyoung , Hirota Tomoya , Kim Kee-Tae ,   KaVA SFR sub Working Group
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe present the results of high-resolution continuum and molecular line observations towards the Galactic HII region, G10.32-0.26. The continuum map with ALMA reveals the five cores with masses ranging from 2.5–9.2 Me. The results show that the brightest peak, Peak 1, is an HCHII region with an excitation temperature of : 12000 K, an electron density of 3.4×107 cm3, and a radius of 14 au. The central object is estimated to be a B0.5 star. The class II 6.7 GHz CH3OH maser coincides with Peak 1, implying class II CH3OH maser is associated with a later evolutionary stage of star formation. Using KaVA and KVN observation, we detect the class I 44 and 95 GHz CH3OH masers near the weakest peak, Peak 5. We successfully imaged class I 95 GHz CH3OH masers with VLBI for the first time. In Peak 5, the high-velocity SiO emission also exists. The continuum emission can be modelled with grey-body dust emission with Td∼30 K, and the molecular species are poor near Peak 5, suggesting Peak 5 is in an early stage of star formation.
Characterizing Subsurface Oxygen Variability in the California Current System (CCS) and Its Links to Water Mass Distribution
Authors: Schultz Cristina , Dunne John P. , Liu Xiao , Drenkard Elizabeth , Carter Brendan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe california current system (CCS) supports a wide array of ecosystem services with hypoxia historically occurring in near‐bottom waters. Limited open ocean data coverage hinders the mechanistic understanding of CCS oxygen variability. By comparing three different models with varying horizontal resolutions, we found that dissolved oxygen (DO) anomalies in the CCS are propagated from shallower coastal areas to the deeper open ocean, where they are advected at a density and velocity consistent with basin‐scale circulation. Since DO decreases have been linked to water mass redistribution in the CCS, we conduct a water mass analysis on two of the models and on biogeochemical Argo floats that sampled multiple seasonal cycles. We found that high variability in biogeochemical variables (DO and nutrients) seen in regions of low variability of temperature and salinity could be linked to water mass mixing, as some of the water masses considered had higher gradients in biogeochemical variables compared to physical variables. Additional DO observations are needed, therefore, to further understand circulation changes in the CCS. We suggest that increased DO sampling north of 35˚N and near the shelf break would benefit model initialization and skill assessment, as well as allow for better assessment of the role of equatorial waters in driving DO in the northern CCS.
An Eddy Pair in the Northwestern Bay of Bengal: Characteristics, Dynamics and Interannual Variability
Authors: Zhong Wenjing , Chen Gengxin , Chu Xiaoqing 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMesoscale eddies are active in the Bay of Bengal and have profound effects on the dynamic conditions, the transport of heat and salt, and the primary productivity. We report a pair of periodic eddies in the Bay of Bengal and examine their characteristics, dynamic mechanisms and interannual variability based on satellite observations and a nonlinear 1.5‐layer reduced‐gravity model. The eddy pair mainly occupies the northwestern Bay of Bengal from March to May and consists of a cyclonic eddy in the north and an anticyclonic eddy in the south. The anticyclonic eddy is generated by local wind forcing, whereas the cyclonic eddy is significantly contributed by equatorial and coastal Kelvin waves. On an interannual scale, the eddy pair was exceptionally weak in 1999, 2000 and 2008 due to the extreme La Niña events in these years when the westerly wind anomaly over the equatorial Indian Ocean weakened the local wind forcing and coastal Kelvin waves. This study provides new knowledge on periodic eddies in the Bay of Bengal and advances our understanding of the dynamic connections between this marginal sea and the equator.
A CloudSat and CALIPSO‐Based Evaluation of the Effects of Thermodynamic Instability and Aerosol Loading on Amazon Basin Deep Convection and Lightning
Authors: Allen Dale , Pickering Kenneth , Avery Melody , Li Zhanqing , Shan Siyu , Morales Rodriguez Carlos Augusto , Artaxo Paulo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe Amazon Basin, which plays a critical role in the carbon and water cycle, is under stress due to changes in climate, agricultural practices, and deforestation. The effects of thermodynamic and microphysical forcing on the strength of thunderstorms in the Basin (75–45°W, 0–15°S) were examined during the pre‐monsoon season (mid‐August through mid‐December), a period with large variations in aerosols, intense convective storms, and plentiful flashes. The analysis used measurements of radar reflectivity, ice water content (IWC), and aerosol type from instruments aboard the CloudSat and CALIPSO satellites, flash rates from the ground‐based Sferics Timing and Ranging Network, and total aerosol optical depth (AOD) from a surface network and a meteorological re‐analysis. After controlling for convective available potential energy (CAPE), it was found that thunderstorms that developed under dirty (high‐AOD) conditions were 1.5 km deeper, had 50% more IWC, and more than two times as many flashes as storms that developed under clean conditions. The sensitivity of flashes to AOD was largest for low values of CAPE where increases of more than a factor of three were observed. The additional ice water indicated that these deeper systems had higher vertical velocities and more condensation nuclei capable of sustaining higher concentrations of water and large hydrometeors in the upper troposphere. Flash rates were also found to be larger during periods when smoke rather than dust was common in the lower troposphere, likely because smoky periods were less stable due to higher values of CAPE and AOD and lower values of mid‐tropospheric relative humidity.