bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Machine Learning Driven Channel Thickness Optimization in Dual‐Layer Oxide Thin‐Film Transistors for Advanced Electrical Performance
Authors: Lee Jiho , Lee Jae Hak , Lee Chan , Lee Haeyeon , Jin Minho , Kim Jiyeon , Shin Jong Chan , Lee Eungkyu , Kim Youn Sang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMachine learning (ML) provides temporal advantage and performance improvement in practical electronic device design by adaptive learning. Herein, Bayesian optimization (BO) is successfully applied to the design of optimal dual‐layer oxide semiconductor thin film transistors (OS TFTs). This approach effectively manages the complex correlation and interdependency between two oxide semiconductor layers, resulting in the efficient design of experiment (DoE) and reducing the trial‐and‐error. Considering field effect mobility (𝜇) and threshold voltage (Vth) simultaneously, the dual‐layer structure designed by the BO model allows to produce OS TFTs with remarkable electrical performance while significantly saving an amount of experimental trial (only 15 data sets are required). The optimized dual‐layer OS TFTs achieve the enhanced field effect mobility of 36.1 cm2 V−1 s−1 and show good stability under bias stress with negligible difference in its threshold voltage compared to conventional IGZO TFTs. Moreover, the BO algorithm is successfully customized to the individual preferences by applying the weight factors assigned to both field effect mobility (𝜇) and threshold voltage (Vth).
PRMT3‐Mediated Arginine Methylation of METTL14 Promotes Malignant Progression and Treatment Resistance in Endometrial Carcinoma
Authors: Wang Yiru , Wang Can , Guan Xue , Ma Ying , Zhang Shijie , Li Fei , Yin Yue , Sun Zhenxing , Chen Xiuwei , Yin Hang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractProtein arginine methyltransferase (PRMT) plays essential roles in tumor initiation and progression, but its underlying mechanisms in the treatment sensitivity of endometrial cancer (EC) remain unclear and warrant further investigation. Here, a comprehensive analysis of the Cancer Genome Atlas database and Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium database identifies that PRMT3 plays an important role in EC. Specifically, further experiments show that PRMT3 inhibition enhances the susceptibility of EC cells to ferroptosis. Mechanistically, PRMT3 interacts with Methyltransferase 14 (METTL14) and is involved in its arginine methylation. In addition, PRMT3 inhibition‐mediated METTL14 overexpression promotes methylation modification via an m6A‐YTHDF2‐dependent mechanism, reducing Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) mRNA stability, increasing lipid peroxidation levels, and accelerating ferroptosis. Notably, combined PRMT3 blockade and anti‐PD‐1 therapy display more potent antitumor effects by accelerating ferroptosis in cell‐derived xenograft models. The specific PRMT3 inhibitor SGC707 exerts the same immunotherapeutic sensitizing effect in a patient‐derived xenograft model. Notably, blocking PRMT3 improves tumor suppression in response to cisplatin and radiation therapy. Altogether, this work demonstrates that PRMT3 depletion is a promising target for EC.
Single‐Cell Transcriptome Atlas and Regulatory Dynamics in Developing Cotton Anthers
Authors: Li Yanlong , Ma Huanhuan , Wu Yuanlong , Ma Yizan , Yang Jing , Li Yawei , Yue Dandan , Zhang Rui , Kong Jie , Lindsey Keith , Zhang Xianlong , Min Ling 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPlant anthers are composed of different specialized cell types with distinct roles in plant reproduction. High temperature (HT) stress causes male sterility, resulting in crop yield reduction. However, the spatial expression atlas and regulatory dynamics during anther development and in response to HT remain largely unknown. Here, the first single‐cell transcriptome atlas and chromatin accessibility survey in cotton anther are established, depicting the specific expression and epigenetic landscape of each type of cell in anthers. The reconstruction of meiotic cells, tapetal cells, and middle layer cell developmental trajectories not only identifies novel expressed genes, but also elucidates the precise degradation period of middle layer and reveals a rapid function transition of tapetal cells during the tetrad stage. By applying HT, heterogeneity in HT response is shown among cells of anthers, with tapetal cells responsible for pollen wall synthesis are most sensitive to HT. Specifically, HT shuts down the chromatin accessibility of genes specifically expressed in the tapetal cells responsible for pollen wall synthesis, such as QUARTET 3 (QRT3) and CYTOCHROME P450 703A2 (CYP703A2), resulting in a silent expression of these genes, ultimately leading to abnormal pollen wall and male sterility. Collectively, this study provides substantial information on anthers and provides clues for heat‐tolerant crop creation.
Enhanced C‐To‐T and A‐To‐G Base Editing in Mitochondrial DNA with Engineered DdCBE and TALED
Authors: Wei Yinghui , Jin Ming , Huang Shuhong , Yao Fangyao , Ren Ningxin , Xu Kun , Li Shangpu , Gao Pengfei , Zhou Yingsi , Chen Yulin , Yang Hui , Li Wen , Xu Chunlong , Zhang Meiling , Wang Xiaolong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMitochondrial base editing with DddA‐derived cytosine base editor (DdCBE) is limited in the accessible target sequences and modest activity. Here, the optimized DdCBE tools is presented with improved editing activity and expanded C‐to‐T targeting scope by fusing DddA11 variant with different cytosine deaminases with single‐strand DNA activity. Compared to previous DdCBE based on DddA11 variant alone, fusion of the activation‐induced cytidine deaminase (AID) from Xenopus laevis not only permits cytosine editing of 5′‐GC‐3′ sequence, but also elevates editing efficiency at 5′‐TC‐3′, 5′‐CC‐3′, and 5′‐GC‐3′ targets by up to 25‐, 10‐, and 6‐fold, respectively. Furthermore, the A‐to‐G editing efficiency is significantly improved by fusing the evolved DddA6 variant with TALE‐linked deoxyadenosine deaminase (TALED). Notably, the authors introduce the reported high‐fidelity mutations in DddA and add nuclear export signal (NES) sequences in DdCBE and TALED to reduce off‐target editing in the nuclear and mitochondrial genome while improving on‐target editing efficiency in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Finally, these engineered mitochondrial base editors are shown to be efficient in installing mtDNA mutations in human cells or mouse embryos for disease modeling. Collectively, the study shows broad implications for the basic study and therapeutic applications of optimized DdCBE and TALED.
Distinct Excitonic Emissions in 2D (C7H7N2)2PbX4 (X = Cl, Br) under Compression
Authors: Zhang Hai , Zhang Peijie , Xie Chenlong , Han Jiang , Xu Bin , Quan Zewei 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTwo dimensional (2D) hybrid metal halides (HMHs) usually exhibit free excitonic (FE) emission, and self‐trapped excitonic (STE) emission can also be achieved by adopting appropriate halogens and organic cations. Recently, significant efforts have been made to modulate and then clarify the transformation and connection between these two types of excitonic emissions in 2D HMHs. In this study, intriguing pressure‐tuned transitions between FE emission and STE emission are observed in 2D (C7H7N2)2PbCl4. In contrast, only FE emissions with tunable emission energies are observed in 2D (C7H7N2)2PbBr4 which possesses a similar structure with (C7H7N2)2PbCl4 under compression. Such distinct halide‐dependent optical responses under pressure are experimentally revealed to arise from the intricate interplay among several factors in these HMHs, including the stiffness of the structure, the Coulomb force between the organic cations and the inorganic octahedra, and the magnitude of inorganic octahedral distortion. These high‐pressure optical explorations can unravel the underlying interrelationship between the crystal structure and excitonic emission in 2D HMHs.
Biodegradable Cardiac Occluder with Surface Modification by Gelatin–Peptide Conjugate to Promote Endogenous Tissue Regeneration
Authors: Kong Pengxu , Liu Xiang , Li Zefu , Wang Jingrong , Gao Rui , Feng Shuyi , Li Hang , Zhang Fengwen , Feng Zujian , Huang Pingsheng , Wang Shouzheng , Zhuang Donglin , Ouyang Wenbin , Wang Weiwei , Pan Xiangbin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTranscatheter intervention has been the preferred treatment for congenital structural heart diseases by implanting occluders into the heart defect site through minimally invasive access. Biodegradable polymers provide a promising alternative for cardiovascular implants by conferring therapeutic function and eliminating long‐term complications, but inducing in situ cardiac tissue regeneration remains a substantial clinical challenge. PGAG (polydioxanone/poly (l‐lactic acid)–gelatin–A5G81) occluders are prepared by covalently conjugating biomolecules composed of gelatin and layer adhesive protein‐derived peptides (A5G81) to the surface of polydioxanone and poly (l‐lactic acid) fibers. The polymer microfiber–biomacromolecule–peptide frame with biophysical and biochemical cues could orchestrate the biomaterial–host cell interactions, by recruiting endogenous endothelial cells, promoting their adhesion and proliferation, and polarizing immune cells into anti‐inflammatory phenotypes and augmenting the release of reparative cytokines. In a porcine atrial septal defect (ASD) model, PGAG occluders promote in situ tissue regeneration by accelerating surface endothelialization and regulating immune response, which mitigate inflammation and fibrosis formation, and facilitate the fusion of occluder with surrounding heart tissue. Collectively, this work highlights the modulation of cell–biomaterial interactions for tissue regeneration in cardiac defect models, ensuring endothelialization and extracellular matrix remodeling on polymeric scaffolds. Bioinspired cell–material interface offers a highly efficient and generalized approach for constructing bioactive coatings on medical devices.
Miscibility screening promotes the efficiency and stability of P3HT‐based organic solar cells
Authors: Xian Kaihu , Ma Ruijie , Zhou Kangkang , Liu Junwei , Gao Mengyuan , Zhao Wenchao , Li Miaomiao , Geng Yanhou , Ye Long 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe power conversion efficiency of organic photovoltaics (OPVs) has witnessed continuous breakthroughs in the past few years, mostly benefiting from the extensive use of a facile ternary blending strategy by blending the host polymer donor:small molecule acceptor mixture with a second small molecule acceptor. Nevertheless, this rather general strategy used in the well‐known PM6 systems fails in constructing high‐performance P3HT‐based ternary OPVs. As a result, the efficiencies of all resulting ternary blends based on a benchmark host P3HT:ZY‐4Cl and a second acceptor are no more than 8%. Employing the mutual miscibility of the binary blends as a guide to screen the second acceptor, here we were able to break the longstanding 10%‐efficiency barrier of ternary OPVs based on P3HT and dual nonfullerene acceptors. With this rational approach, we identified a multifunctional small molecule acceptor BTP‐2Br to simultaneously improve the photovoltaic performance in both P3HT and PM6‐based ternary OPVs. Attractively, the P3HT:ZY‐4Cl:BTP‐2Br ternary blend exhibited a record‐breaking efficiency of 11.41% for P3HT‐based OPVs. This is the first‐ever report that over 11% efficiency is achieved for P3HT‐based ternary OPVs. Importantly, the study helps the community to rely less on trial‐and‐error methods for constructing ternary solar cells.
Civic engagement training at a school for youth with a history of dropping out
Authors: Balcazar Fabricio E. , Garcia Marlen , Venson Sheila 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCommunity psychologists have made significant contributions to the study of civic engagement, yet scarce studies have examined the impact of civic engagement training among youth with a history of dropping out. We describe an effort to promote civic education and action through a curriculum implemented at an alternative school that focuses on (a) developing awareness of the importance of engaging in social/political issues; (b) increasing civic participation; and (c) acquiring political advocacy and organizing experience. This evaluation of the civic engagement training summarizes the issues students reported in a public presentation as having had an impact in their lives; their historical, political, and social understanding of the issues; the ways in which they used a variety of social media to communicate information to different audiences; and their engagement in civic actions to impact their selected issues. Overall, students became more aware of their role as citizens and voters and wanted to share their experiences with their peers, friends, and families. The implications of promoting civic engagement among youth with a history of dropping out of school are discussed, as well as the challenges of the training implementation.
Children with Down syndrome who experience developmental skill loss, characterization, and phenomenology: A case series
Authors: Bernad‐Ripoll Susana , O'Neill Meghan , Capone George T. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLoss of previously acquired developmental skills in children with Down syndrome (DS) is not a well characterized phenomenon. We identified 20 confirmed cases of childhood‐onset skill loss for descriptive analysis. Eligible participants were recruited from a specialty clinic for persons with DS at a large medical center. Age and gender‐matched participants also with DS but without skill loss were used as a comparison group. Case and control participants were between 3 and 14 years (mean 7.6 yr) at the time of evaluation. Loss of previously acquired communication, social‐communication, and play skills was experienced by all cases, as well as new‐onset or intensification of pre‐existing maladaptive behaviors. The Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC)‐community was helpful in distinguishing group differences in maladaptive behavior among cases and controls. All cases met DSMIV criteria for autism. Developmental skill loss associated with autism is an extreme example of within‐group phenotypic variability and needs to be the focus of further research.
Prevalence of anomalies on the routine mid‐trimester ultrasound: 3172 consecutive cases by a single maternal–fetal medicine specialist
Authors: Walsh Colin A. , Lees Nicole 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroduction/PurposeThe routine mid‐trimester fetal anatomy ultrasound (FAS) is offered to every pregnant woman and remains critical in the detection of structural fetal anomalies. Our study aimed to determine the prevalence of abnormalities on routine FAS performed by a single operator, who is an experienced sub‐specialist in maternal–fetal medicine.MethodsA retrospective analysis of all routine FAS performed a tertiary private obstetric ultrasound practice in metropolitan Sydney over a 7‐year period, August 2015–July 2022. An advanced ultrasound protocol including detailed cardiac views was used in every case. Second opinion scans for suspected abnormalities were excluded. Fetal anomalies were classified into major and minor, based on the likely need for neonatal intervention.ResultsAmong 14,908 obstetric ultrasound examinations, routine FAS were performed on 3172 fetuses by a single operator. More than 99% of women had screened low‐risk for fetal aneuploidy. Structural anomalies were identified in 5% (157/3172) of fetuses; the prevalence of major anomalies was 1% (30/3172). Almost 60% of total anomalies were either cardiac or renal. No differences were identified in anomaly rates for singletons compared with twins (5.0% vs. 4.2%; P = 0.75). The prevalence of placenta previa and vasa previa was 10% and 0.1%, respectively.DiscussionThe prevalence of fetal anomalies on routine FAS by a single operator using a standardised protocol was higher in our practice (5%) than in previously published studies. Although most anomalies were minor, the rate of major abnormality was 1%.ConclusionThe routine mid‐trimester FAS remains an integral component of prenatal ultrasound screening.
On the Interaction of Massive Photons and Mechanical Oscillators in Cavity Optomechanics: Basic Model and Quantization
Authors: Mikki Said 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study investigates the theoretical aspects of the interaction between photons with mass and a mechanical oscillator as drawn within the framework of cavity optomechanics. The study employs Proca theory as the mathematical framework to initially describe the dynamics of massive photons in a Fabry‐Perot cavity with a movable mass, both in classical and quantum scenarios. It quantifies the modifications induced by the nonzero photon mass, considering first‐ and second‐order effects, and derives expressions for the amplification of radiation pressure resulting from the presence of nonzero photon mass. Additionally, it derives the Hamiltonian of the quantum optomechanical system, incorporating the effects of photon mass at first and second order. It anticipates that experimental realization of massive optomechanics can be achieved by utilizing Proca material, which is a spatio‐temporally dispersive material that exhibits behavior equivalent to Proca theory in a vacuum, thus enabling the study of the interaction between massive photons and mechanical systems in cavity‐based optomechanical setups (referred to as massive cavity optomechanics). The study presented here caters to a diverse audience with an interest in the analysis and measurement of interactions among massive objects at the quantum scale.
Electroreductive Synthesis of Nickel(0) Complexes**
Authors: Rubel Camille Z. , Cao Yilin , El‐Hayek Ewing Tamara , Laudadio Gabriele , Beutner Gregory L. , Wisniewski Steven R. , Wu Xiangyu , Baran Phil S. , Vantourout Julien C. , Engle Keary M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractOver the last fifty years, the use of nickel catalysts for facilitating organic transformations has skyrocketed. Nickel(0) sources act as useful precatalysts because they can enter a catalytic cycle through ligand exchange, without needing to undergo additional elementary steps. However, most Ni(0) precatalysts are synthesized with stoichiometric aluminum–hydride reductants, pyrophoric reagents that are not atom‐economical and must be used at cryogenic temperatures. Here, we demonstrate that Ni(II) salts can be reduced on preparative scale using electrolysis to yield a variety of Ni(0) and Ni(II) complexes that are widely used as precatalysts in organic synthesis, including bis(1,5‐cyclooctadiene)nickel(0) [Ni(COD)2]. This method overcomes the reproducibility issues of previously reported methods by standardizing the procedure, such that it can be performed anywhere in a robust manner. It can be transitioned to large scale through an electrochemical recirculating flow process and extended to an in situ reduction protocol to generate catalytic amounts of Ni(0) for organic transformations. We anticipate that this work will accelerate adoption of preparative electrochemistry for the synthesis of low‐valent organometallic complexes in academia and industry.
Investigation on strategies for optimizing process definition in rubber processing: A study on mechanical and chemical properties of vulcanizates as basis for the development of a new calculation model for quality prediction
Authors: Traintinger Martin , Kerschbaumer Roman C. , Hornbachner Michaela , Lechner Bernhard , Lucyshyn Thomas 
Published: November 2023

AbstractRubber compounds may exhibit significant batch variations due to multiple different ingredients mixed in one compound. Hence, defining the manufacturing process for constant part quality can be challenging. Common strategies in considering batch variations in rubber processing include the determination of reaction kinetics, and the definition of process parameters according to normalized vulcanization isotherms. Thereby, maintenance of the degree of cure is targeted. With this path, information on the mechanical properties of vulcanizates is lost, despite its visibility from the kinetic data and part quality assurance is missed. This contribution points out the differences obtained for parts produced to the same degree of cure at various temperatures and intends to emphasize new strategies in process definitions. Therefore, compression molded parts were produced from styrene‐butadien rubber, which was then characterized with mechanical and chemical methods. Each of the methods revealed a significant difference in part behavior, which were manufactured to the same degrees of cure but at different temperatures. It was concluded that a temperature‐dependent reaction rate should be considered when quality maintenance is targeted in the production. Only then will it be possible to predict the properties adequately, with simultaneous effect of enhancing sustainability policies in rubber processing.
Intrinsic Charge Trapping and Reversible Charge Induced Structural Modifications in a‐Si3N4
Authors: Hückmann Lukas , Cottom Jonathon , Meyer Jörg 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAmorphous silicon nitride (a‐Si3N4) is an essential material for a wide variety of electronic devices, ranging from its use in dielectric layers to its paramount importance for memory applications. In particular, the latter has triggered the interest in charge trapping, for which so‐called N‐ and K‐centers have been identified in experiments – with the atomistic configuration still subject of vigorous debate. Here, the range of hole and electron traps in stoichiometric a‐Si3N4are revealed by combining atomistic calculations at different levels of theory. The variety of sites within the amorphous network are characterized by introducing a statistical sampling method to quantify the statistical completeness of structural models obtained from a melt‐quench procedure, in combination with a powerful local descriptor inspired by Tolman's angle. Hole trapping is dominated by two‐coordinate N‐centers, resulting in shallow hole traps. In contrast, electron trapping exhibits more nuanced behavior, encompassing both intrinsic polaronic trapping and the previously identified K‐center type trapping (silicon dangling bond *SiN3). Intrinsic polaronic trapping originates from distorted SiN4tetrahedra. Structural relaxation of the intrinsic polaron sites results in significant elongation of a Si‐N bond and reversible generation of *SiN3and N3Si‐SiNx∈ {3, 4} defects.
[4+2]‐Cycloaddition of 2‐Aminophenyl Enones with Cyclic N‐Sulfimines to Access Enantioenriched Ring‐Fused Aminals
Authors: Kim Yurim , Kim Yoseop , Kim Sung‐Gon 
Published: November 2023

AbstractRing‐fused aminal is an interesting structural skeleton in biologically active and pharmaceutically relevant compounds. A novel and efficient method for synthesizing benzosulfamidate‐fused tetrahydroquinazolines is described. By employing the [4+2]‐cycloaddition of 2‐aminophenyl enones with cyclic N‐sulfimines in the presence of DMAP as a base, the desired benzosulfamidate‐fused tetrahydroquinazolines were obtained in good yields with high diastereoselectivities. Furthermore, an organocatalytic asymmetric [4+2]‐cycloaddition was successfully achieved using a squaramide‐based catalyst, enabling the enantioselective synthesis of chiral ring‐fused tetrahydroquinazolines with high yields and enantio‐ as well as diastereoselectivities (up to 89 % yield, 94 % ee, and >30 : 1 dr).