bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New six‐wire‐junction matrix model for the TLM method
Authors: Bargach K. , Khalladi M. , Iben Yaich M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA new three‐dimensional wire‐junction node for modeling a junction with six wires of the same radius in a coarse mesh has been developed using the transmission‐line matrix (TLM) method. The scattering matrix of the proposed node is provided, together with numerical results which are validated by comparison with another technique. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 29: 110–113, 2001.
Analysis of finite‐slot phased arrays fed by rectangular waveguides using method of moments
Authors: Li Jian‐Ying , Li Le‐Wei , Liang Chang‐Hong , Kooi Pang‐Shyan , Leong Mook‐Seng 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA rigorous integral equation formulation is made in this paper for the analysis of phased arrays of radiating slots fed by rectangular waveguides. The number of elements is assumed to be finite, and the integral equation used is that of the method of moments. According to the equivalence principle and magnetic field boundary conditions, an integral equation for obtaining slot surface equivalence magnetic currents is formulated. Then, the integral equation is rewritten into a matrix equation after the implementation of the method‐of‐moments procedure. The reflection coefficients as a function of scan angle of, and the inductive magnetic currents over, the array elements are analyzed and discussed in detail. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 29: 132–136, 2001.
Configuration of functional trifluoromethylated dienoates, aryldienoates and trienoates
Authors: Palmas P. , Thibonnet J. , Parrain J.‐L. , Abarbri M. , David‐Quillot F. , Duchêne A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe configuration of certain trifluoromethylated functional dienoates, aryldienoates and trienoates is presented by the measurement of their 13C NMR and 19F NMR chemical shifts, and their 3 J(C–F), 4J(H–F) and through‐space 5J(H–F) coupling constants. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
1H and 13C chemical shifts for bis(benzopyridinium) dibromides with semirigid aromatic linkers
Authors: Campos J. , Díaz J. J. , Núñez M. C. , Entrena A. , Gallo M. A. , Espinosa A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe 1H and 13C NMR resonances for four bisquinolinium and four bisisoquinolinium dibromides were completely and unequivocally assigned, using the concerted application of one‐ and two‐dimensional NMR techniques including nuclear Overhauser effect difference, DEPT, COSY, HETCOR and long‐range 13C–1H correlation spectroscopy. Atomic charges of the heterocyclic moieties of model cations such as 1‐methylquinolinium and 2‐methylisoquinolinium are shown to be linearly related to the 13C chemical shifts of the cationic heads of the title compounds. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Detection of in vivo biomarkers of phospholipidosis using NMR‐based metabonomic approaches
Authors: Espina J. Robert , Shockcor John P. , Herron William J. , Car Bruce D. , Contel Nancy R. , Ciaccio Paul J. , Lindon John C. , Holmes Elaine , Nicholson Jeremy K. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe application of high‐field 1H NMR spectroscopy to the analysis of biological fluids has proved to be a valuable approach to toxicological screening. Coupled with data reduction and chemometric analyses, this technology has a high capacity for elucidating relevant metabolic information pertaining to the nature and mechanism of toxic processes in an organism. This approach is encapsulated in the concept of metabonomics, which is defined as ‘the quantitative measurement of the dynamic multiparametric metabolic response of living systems to pathophysiological stimuli or genetic modification’, and can be regarded as complementary to studies of the genome (genomics) and the proteins in an organism (proteomics). Here the metabonomics approach to drug toxicity evaluation is exemplified using 1H NMR spectroscopy to investigate the biochemical perturbations in urine after dosing Fischer rats with the cationic, amphiphilic drugs chloroquine, amiodarone and DMP 777, a neutrophil elastase inhibitor. These drugs are known to induce phospholipidosis, characterized by lysosomal lamellar body and drug accumulation. Using a metabonomic approach, combinations of specific urinary biomarkers were identified for each compound, together with a putative general marker of phospholipidosis, phenylacetylglycine. Furthermore, in the case of chloroquine, clear evidence of hepatotoxicity was determined. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Regenerating soleus and extensor digitorum longus muscles of the rat show elevated levels of TNF‐α and its receptors, TNFR‐60 and TNFR‐80
Authors: Zádor Ernõ , Mendler Luca , Takács Veronika , De Bleecker Jan , Wuytack Frank 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe measured the mRNA and protein levels of tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and the transcript levels of its receptors (TNFR‐60 and TNFR‐80) in the rat soleus (slow twitch) and extensor digitorum longus (EDL; fast twitch) muscles regenerating from notexin‐induced necrosis. On the first day after administration of the toxin, when most fibers were necrotic and invaded by inflammatory cells/macrophages, dramatic increases of transcript and protein levels of TNF‐α and of the mRNA levels of its receptors were observed. The transcript levels of TNF‐α and TNFR‐60, but not of TNFR‐80, showed a second but smaller increase at the time when newly formed muscle fibers became reinnervated. In situ hybridization showed that on day 1, during the phase of extensive necrosis, the transcript of TNF‐α was abundantly present and on day 4 of regeneration it was most often seen in areas devoid of desmin. The mRNA level of TNF‐α was not detectable in BC3H1‐ and C2C12‐cultured myoblasts and it was low in freeze‐injured muscle, corresponding to the relatively mild degree of inflammation elicited by freezing. Therefore, our results are most consistent with the view that inflammatory cells/macrophages are the main source of TNF‐α. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Muscle Nerve 24: 1058–1067, 2001
Changes in a rat facial muscle after facial nerve injury and repair
Authors: Jergović Davor , Stål Per , Lidman Disa , Lindvall Björn , Hildebrand Claes 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis study describes changes in a rat facial muscle innervated by the mandibular and buccal facial nerve branches 4 months after nerve injury and repair. The following groups were studied: (A) normal controls; (B) spontaneous reinnervation by collateral or terminal sprouting; (C) reinnervation after surgical repair of the mandibular branch; and (D) chronic denervation. The normal muscle contained 1200 exclusively fast fibers, mainly myosin heavy chain (MyHC) IIB fibers. In group B, fiber number and fiber type proportions were normal. In group C, fiber number was subnormal. Diameters and proportions of MyHC IIA and hybrid fibers were above normal. The proportion of MyHC IIB fibers was subnormal. Immediate and delayed repair gave similar results with respect to the parameters examined. Group D rats underwent severe atrophic and degenerative changes. Hybrid fibers prevailed. These data suggest that spontaneous regeneration of the rat facial nerve is superior to regeneration after surgical repair and that immediacy does not give better results than moderate delay with respect to surgical repair. Long delays are shown to be detrimental. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Muscle Nerve 24: 1202–1212, 2001
Mathematical and numerical filtration–advection–dispersion model of miscible grout propagation in saturated porous media
Authors: Bouchelaghem F. , Vulliet L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe development of a predictive model of behaviour of porous media during injection of miscible grout, taking into account convection, dilution and filtration of grout solution with interstitial water, as well as consolidation aspects, is presented. Model assumptions are reviewed and discussed first. During the establishment of the model, we insist on surface terms and their physical relevance in expressing adsorption effects. Constitutive laws such as Fick's law for diffusive mass transport, hydrodynamic dispersion tensor dealing with miscibility, are modified by taking into account filtration effects. A new surface term appears in mass balance equations as a consequence of filtration. According to the filtration laws used, an initial filtration rate is estimated on the basis of a one‐dimensional experimental campaign. The field equations are discretized by using Galerkin finite element and θ‐scheme standard method. For transport equation, Streamline Upwind Petrov Galerkin method is employed to prevent numerical oscillations. Lastly, confrontation of numerical results with laboratory experiments constitutes a first step to validate the model on a realistic basis. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cholinergic and purinergic contribution to the micturition reflex in conscious rats with long‐term bladder outlet obstruction
Authors: Lluel Philippe , Barras Martine , Palea Stefano 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe urethra of female Wistar rats was partially obstructed for 15 weeks. The effects of atropine (1 mg/kg i.v.), suramin (100 mg/kg i.v.), and a combination of atropine and suramin on the peak micturition pressure (MP) were compared during cystometry in conscious rats controls or subjected to outlet obstruction. On the isolated bladder dome, we studied the inhibitory effect of 1 μmol/L atropine, 1 mmol/L suramin, and the combination of the two drugs on contractions induced by electrical field stimulation (EFS). We studied also the contractile response to 80 mmol/L KCl and the concentration‐response curves to noradrenaline, phenylephrine, and carbachol on the bladder dome and bladder neck and α, β‐methylene adenosine triphosphate on the bladder dome. In conscious rats, the MP, bladder capacity, and micturition volume were significantly higher in obstructed rats than in controls. Suramin induced the same inhibition in the two groups of animals (−30.7 ± 13.3% in controls and −29.2 ± 8.5% in obstructed rats). Atropine decreased the MP, but this effect was twofold greater in obstructed animals (−28.1 ± 3.1% and−65.1 ± 6.9% in control and obstructed animals, respectively). However, the combined effect of atropine and suramin was additive in controls but not in obstructed (−56.7 ± 5.4% and −55.9 ± 9.4%, respectively). Similar results were obtained in vitro using 1 μmol/L atropine and 1 mmol/L suramin. In the obstructed bladder dome and bladder neck, we found a great reduction in KCl‐ and carbachol‐induced contractility but no difference in the response to EFS. Responses to noradrenaline and phenylephrine were moderately reduced in the bladder neck only, whereas responses to α, β‐methylene adenosine triphosphate in the bladder dome were not reduced except at the concentration of 300 μmol/L. We conclude that long‐term obstruction in rats could induce cholinergic nerve fiber proliferation as suggested by the decrease in M3 muscarinic receptor contractility (desensitization) and by a greater sensitivity of the MP to atropine. Neurourol. Urodynam. 21:142–153, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mismatch between lactate and the apparent diffusion coefficient of water in progressive focal ischemia
Authors: Takegami Tetsuro , Ebisu Toshihiko , Bito Yoshitaka , Hirata Satoshi , Yamamoto Yukari , Tanaka Chuzo , Naruse Shoji , Mineura Katsuyoshi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this study, we examined mismatch in the area indicated by the normal apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of water and increased lactate in the early stage of focal cerebral ischemia. Five rats were subjected to permanent middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion. Diffusion‐weighted echo planar imaging (DWEPI) and proton echo planar spectroscopic imaging (EPSI) were performed from 20 to 170 min after MCA occlusion, and lactate and N‐acetyl asparate images were obtained by EPSI. Postmortem histological analysis was also performed. The areas of increased lactate and normal ADC were observed in the surrounding border zone of ischemia at approximately 20 min after MCA occlusion. This initial lactate in the border zone was significantly higher than that in the normal area, but lower than that in the ischemic core, which showed a reduction of ADC. However, this area was progressively involved in the ischemic core at 170 min without any treatment. The lactate–ADC mismatch in the initial period of ischemia may offer unique diagnostic information for ischemic tissue at high risk, followed by progressive involvement in the ischemic core without treatment. Considering that the accumulation of initial lactate in this area was not excessive, our findings may suggest that the lactate–ADC mismatch in the early period of ischemia indicates potentially salvageable tissue at high risk, requiring aggressive treatment. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons,­Ltd.
Abbreviations used:

ADC

apparent diffusion coefficient

DWEPI

diffusion‐weighted echo planar imaging

EPSI

echo planar spectroscopic imaging

MCA

middle cerebral artery

NAA

N‐acetyl aspartate

PWI

perfusion‐weighted image.
Ischaemic preconditioning in the rat brain: a longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study
Authors: Mullins Paul G. , Reid David G. , Hockings Paul D. , Hadingham Sarah J. , Campbell Colin A. , Chalk Jonathan B. , Doddrell David M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIschaemic preconditioning in rats was studied using MRI. Ischaemic preconditioning was induced, using an intraluminal filament method, by 30 min middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), and imaged 24 h later. The secondary insult of 100 min MCAO was induced 3 days following preconditioning and imaged 24 and 72 h later. Twenty‐four hours following ischaemic preconditioning most rats showed small sub‐cortical hyperintense regions not seen in sham‐preconditioned rats. Twenty‐four hours and 72 h following the secondary insult preconditioned animals showed significantly smaller lesions (24 h = 112 ± 31 mm3, mean ± standard error; 72 h = 80 ± 35 mm3), which were confined to the striatum, than controls (24 h = 234 ± 32 mm3, p = 0.026; 72 h = 275 ± 37 mm3, p = 0.003). In addition during lesion maturation from 24 to 72 h post‐secondary MCAO, preconditioned rats displayed an average reduction in lesion size as measured by MRI whereas sham‐preconditioned rats displayed increases in lesion size; this is the first report of such differential lesion volume evolution in cerebral ischaemic preconditioning. Copyright ­© 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Abbreviations used:

IL‐1b

interleukin‐1b

MCAO

middle cerebral artery occlusion

MRI

magnetic resonance imaging

NBF

neutral bufferred formalin

RARE

rapid acquisition with relaxation enhancement

T2W

T2 weighted

TE

echo time

TR

repetition time.
MRI of lung parenchyma in rats and mice using a gradient‐echo sequence
Authors: Beckmann Nicolau , Tigani Bruno , Mazzoni Lazzaro , Fozard John R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSignal of lung parenchymal tissue from the living rat and mouse lung was detected at 4.7 T with a good signal‐to‐noise ratio and motion‐suppressed artifacts using a short TE gradient‐echo sequence. Neither cardiac nor respiratory gating were applied, and animals respired freely during data collection. Mean T2* relaxation times of parenchyma in the anterior, middle and posterior regions of both lungs ranged between 403 and 657 µs and 397 and 751 µs, respectively for the rat and mouse. For the rat in the prone position, there was a gradient in T2* values, from the posterior to the anterior regions of both lungs. In the supine position, however, T2* values were larger in the posterior and in the anterior portions. For the mouse in both prone and supine positions, there was a tendential gradient in T2* from the anterior to the posterior portions. The robustness of the approach renders it well suited for routine applications, e.g. in pharmacological studies concerning asthma models in small rodents. The method was applied to lung inflammation models involving challenge with ovalbumin or lipopolysaccharide. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Abbreviations used:

ECG

electrocardiogram

HASTE

half‐Fourier single‐shot turbo spin‐echo

i.t.

intra‐tracheal

LPS

lipopolysaccharide

OA

ovalbumin

PET

positron emission tomography

RF

radio‐frequency

SPECT

single‐photon emission computer tomography

SW

sweep width

TE

echo time

TR

repetition time

TSE

turbo spin‐echo
Pathfinding by sensory axons in Drosophila: Substrates and choice points in early lch5 axon outgrowth
Authors: Harris Kerri‐Lee , Whitington Paul M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe have examined the pattern of axon growth from the lateral chordotonal (lch5) neurons in the body wall of the Drosophila embryo and identified cellular substrates and choice points involved in early axon pathfinding by these sensory neurons. At the first choice point (TP1), the lch5 growth cones contact the most distal cells of the spiracular branch (SB) of the trachea. The SB provides a substrate along which the axons extend internally to the level of the intersegmental nerve (ISN). In the absence of the SB, the lch5 axons often stall near TP1 or follow aberrant routes towards the CNS. At the second choice point (TP2), the lch5 growth cones make their first contact with other axons and turn ventrally toward the CNS, fasciculating specifically with the motor axons of the ISN. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Neurobiol 48: 243–255, 2001
Analysis of post‐buckling branches at multiple symmetric bifurcations
Authors: Magnusson Anders 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA method to analyse and solve symmetric bifurcations by establishing the bifurcation equations using an asymptotic expansion method is presented. The bifurcation equations are obtained using a decomposition of the spaces by means of the theory of Lyapunov–Schmidt. To solve the bifurcation equations an asymptotic expansion method along the lines of Koiter is applied. The expansion is presented in a form suited for implementation in a finite element context. The present paper is focused on the treatment of symmetric multiple bifurcations where new forms of the bifurcation equations are established. The accuracy of the method is verified with three examples. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An improved three‐node hybrid‐mixed element for Mindlin/Reissner plates
Authors: Ayad Rezak , Rigolot Alain , Talbi Nabyl 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBased on the mixed shear projected (MiSP) approach [6], an enhanced bending approximation for homogeneous isotropic plates is presented. Some hard benchmark tests, as skew plate (30°) problem for instance, have often shown poor convergence when low order elements (3‐ or 4‐node element) are developed using linear approximations for kinematic variables. To put right this weakness, we propose a high‐order interpolation for rotational dofs which results in more rich bending curvatures. The mid‐side rotational nodes are eliminated using a combination of local discrete kinematic and constitutive Mindlin hypothesises. The derived 3‐node triangular element, called MiSP3+, is free of shear locking and passes all patch‐tests for thick and thin plates in an arbitrary mesh. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A multigrid upwind strategy for accelerating steady‐state computations of waves propagating with curvature‐dependent speeds
Authors: Rochez Jonathan , Rodrigue Garry 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA multigrid strategy using upwind finite differencing is developed for accelerating the steady state computations of waves, [14] propagating with curvature‐dependent speeds. This will allow the rapid computation of a “burn table.” In a high explosive material, a burn table will allow the elimination of solving chemical reaction ODEs by feeding in source terms to the reactive flow equations for solution of the system of ignition of the high explosive material. Standard iterative methods show a quick reduction of the residual followed by a slow final convergence to the solution at high iterations. Such systems, including a nonlinear system such as this, are excellent choices for the use of multigrid methods to speed up convergence. Numerical steady‐state solutions to the eikonal equation on several test grids are conducted. Results are presented for these cases in 2D and a cubic grid in 3D using a Runge‐Kutta time iteration for the smoothing operator until steady state is reached. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 18: 179–192, 2002; DOI 10.1002/num.1002
Measuring health beliefs in Spanish‐speaking Mexican Americans with type 2 diabetes: Adapting an existing instrument*
Authors: Brown Sharon A. , Becker Heather A. , Garcia Alexandra A. , Barton Sara A. , Hanis Craig L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMexican Americans bear a disproportionate burden of type 2 diabetes, and although clinicians and researchers are beginning to develop culturally competent interventions, few instruments are available for measuring variables relevant to health outcomes. The purpose of this study was to determine the psychometric properties of a diabetes‐related health belief instrument translated for use with Spanish‐speaking Mexican Americans. Three hundred and twenty‐six Spanish‐speaking Mexican Americans from Starr County, a Texas–Mexico border community, diagnosed with type 2 diabetes participated in the study. Factor analysis was used to examine the factor structure of the instrument, and reliability testing was conducted to determine the internal consistency of the resulting factors. The final instrument had 25 items with four subscales—Barriers, Social Support for Diet, Impact of Job on Therapy, and Benefits of Therapy—and one item to measure, Control. Internal consistency coefficients for these subscales were .56, .62, .86, and .90, respectively. The translated instrument needs to be tested over time with other Hispanic populations. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 25:145–158, 2002
Age profiles of rhino fauna from the Middle Pleistocene Nanjing man site, south China—explained by the rhino specimens of living species
Authors: Tong Haowen 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA total of 60 pieces of rhino materials have been identified from the Nanjing Man site. Morphologically, they belong to the species Dicerorhinus mercki. Among the materials, 40 pieces are broken bones, and 20 are isolated teeth or jaw bones (totally comprising 41 tooth units). Among the teeth, 74% are deciduous, most of them attached to jaws. Other isolated teeth are not greatly worn, meaning they were not naturally replaced, so they represent juvenile animals. Because the skeletons are completely isolated and most of them are broken, their death can not be attributed to a natural trap. Therefore, it is very probable that hominid activities were associated with rhinos at this site. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using distributed optimal control in economics: A numerical approach based on the finite element method
Authors: Calvo Calzada Elena , Goetz Renan‐Ulrich 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe finite element method is employed to transform a distributed optimal control problem into a discrete optimization problem which can be solved with standard mathematical techniques. We use distributed optimal control in order to determine the optimal selective logging regime of a privately owned non‐homogeneous forest. This regime has become nowadays a standard approach for the management of public forest. However, resource economists still have not come forward yet with an economic model for this widely applied management technique and base their economic analysis of the optimal management of a homogeneous forest on a clear cutting regime utilizing the Faustmann–Pressler–Ohlin Theorem. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.