bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deuren op slot
Authors: van Dijk J.J.M. 
Published: February 2025

Closing the doors; towards an explanation of the international falls in crime
In the opening section the author refers to the classical book of Dutch criminologist Willem Bonger on the links between poverty/social injustice and levels of crime. He then introduces his own work on the International Crime Victim Survey (ICVS) since 1989. The ICVS trend data on crime in Western countries during 1989 up to 2010 show a curvilinear movement peaking around 2000. The upward trend seems to track economic growth and to have mainly been caused by increased opportunities of crime. His analytical results concerning car theft and household burglary suggest that the international falls in crime since 2000 are largely caused by improved security. A comparative analysis shows for example that burglary rates have fallen in countries with high levels of home security such as Great Britain and the Netherlands and have continued to rise in low security countries such as Denmark and Switzerland. The author concludes that criminology has evolved both methodologically and theoretically since the publication of Bonger’s book in 1905. Some fundamental principles of the discipline, however, appear to have remained unchanged. Van Dijk’s own work is, just like that of Bonger, policy- oriented. It is driven by the motivation to assist governments in finding better ways to reduce suffering of human beings from crime, either as victims or as offenders.
De rol van Falck in de Deense brandbestrijding
Authors: Kruize P. 
Published: February 2025

The role of Falck in Danish fire fighting
In Denmark fire fighting is a responsibility of the local authorities, but since nearly a century communities have the possibility to outsource these duties to private companies. Falck is the dominant player on this private market. The same goes for other emergency services. The author describes the story of its founder Sophus Falck, the historical roots of Falck and how the company achieved the status of a reliable partner for the authorities. The legal basis for private firms in fire fighting is discussed as well as costs and quality of the services in an international perspective. The author concludes that Falck is a typical Danish phenomenon and the Danish model cannot be copied by other countries without restriction. At the same time the Danish experience learns that market competition may have a positive effect on the cost efficiency of fire fighting.
Marktwerking in het forensisch onderzoek: toekomst of toekomstmuziek?
Authors: Struiksma N. , Winter H.B. 
Published: February 2025

Market competition in forensic research is still in the future
For a long time the Netherlands Forensic Institute (NFI) was the sole provider of forensic services in the Netherlands. Since the beginning of this century, several other private forensic institutes have been established. These institutes partly deliver the same products and services as the NFI, including for the police and judicial authorities. This article discusses the results from a pilot project in which police and judicial authorities were given additional opportunities for furnishing assignments to private investigation agencies instead of the NFI. A budget of EUR 3.5 million was provided. Many respondents viewed the speed of the investigations and reports by private forensic institutes as a very positive aspect of outsourcing to these institutes. On four out of five aspects (transparency, clarity, bureaucracy and readability), the private institutes scored better than the NFI. The NFI scored better on ‘safety’. Despite the positive experiences with outsourcing, the Minister of Security and Justice decided not to follow up the pilot. Although the police and prosecution are free to use the services of the private institutes, it is unlikely that they’ll do so very often because the investigation costs will be at the expense of their budget. The bill for the services provided by the NFI however is sent to the ministry. Therefore the NFI can continue operating as a monopolist.
Welke vrije wil heeft het strafrecht nodig?
Authors: Roef D. 
Published: February 2025

What kind of free will does criminal law need?
Various leading neuroscientists argue that free will does not exist and that therefore any traditional notion of criminal responsibility is based upon an illusion. This article attempts to make clear that the ‘free will’, which is now empirically denied, is conceptually not the one we use and need in criminal law. The neuroscientific argument depends on the assumption that undetermined causal control is necessary to responsibility. It supposes that someone has no free will when his conscious will is not the ultimate cause of his behaviour. However, the legal practice of criminal responsibility is not rooted in such a metaphysically free will, but on an alternative, more realistic understanding of control, i.e. the capacity sense of control. Criminal law bases responsibility on certain mental capacities people have, for instance the capacity to act for reasons, according to socially constructed standards. The so-called illusion of free will forms therefore not a serious threat to the foundations of our criminal responsibility system.
Strafrecht en Verlichting
Authors: Claessen J.A.A.C. 
Published: February 2025

Criminal law and Enlightenment. On the character of a truly enlightened criminal law system
This article examines the influence of the Enlightenment on the development of our criminal law system, using a legal theory perspective. On the basis of the dialectical character of this movement and the enlightened view on mankind, it is postulated that a true enlightened criminal law system is one in which there is both room for retribution, free will and responsibility as well as for prevention, causal determinism and risk. Furthermore, it is put forth that the daily practice of the criminal law has by now moved too far into the direction of prevention, causal determinism and risk, due to the ‘scientification’ and the simultaneous demoralisation of criminal law. As a result of these developments, it is out of the question to talk of a balanced and, consequently, of a truly enlightened criminal law system. Within the framework of the ‘scientification’ of the criminal law system, additional attention is devoted to the recent topic of neuroscience.
Het advies van de rechter in de gratieprocedure levenslanggestraften
Authors: Cornelissen D.J.G.J. 
Published: February 2025

The judicial advisement in the procedure of pardon
This article provides an overview of the development of the prerogative of mercy. From the outset, the king (now: the Crown) is empowered with this prerogative and the judiciary is appointed as an advisory institution. The author focused on this judicial advisement in the procedure of pardon. First the different competent advisory courts are outlined. Initially, the highest court of justice was the only competent advisory body. For practical reasons the task was eventually shifted to the judge who imposed the sentence. Secondly, the impact and meaning of the advice are valued by researching sixteen pardon cases. In approximately half of the cases the judicial advisement was acknowledged by the Crown. In six of the sixteen studied pardon cases the Crown deviated from the judicial advisement in favour of the convict. According to the author, these deviations are in line with the policy of pardon of the last century.
‘Levenslang’: schadebeperking door levenslange gevangenisstraffen
Authors: Fleisher M.S. 
Published: February 2025

‘Doing life’: Harm reduction through life sentences
This essay examines imprisoned felons’ perspectives and interpretations of ‘doing life’. Prisoners’ and ex-prisoners’ perspectives on the pros and cons of life imprisonment were documented over four decades of ethnographic research in prisons and on urban streets. The author’s research was conducted as a participant observer of street criminals and observing participant in federal prisons. Interviews with violent convicted felons in state and federal prisons and persistent criminals with histories of imprisonment reveal what it means to ‘do time’. Prisoners’ enculturation accommodates their adjustment to prison life and ability to negotiate daily prison life, but prison culture’s and prison programs’ inability to alter the nature of violent criminals pose a continuous threat to the population at large. Life imprisonment benefits prisoners’ physical and social health and protects communities by keeping violent criminals imprisoned.
De wisselwerking tussen het beroep en de persoon van rechter
Authors: Tielenius Kruythoff J.G. 
Published: February 2025

The interaction between judgeship and personality
In this article former judge Jaap Tielenius Kruythoff tries to answer the question how being a judge influenced his personality and vice versa. Decision-making is both a rational and emotional process. Judges are susceptible for being manipulated by litigants and colleagues as well as acknowledgements from others. The author stresses the importance of having the possibility to express doubts in the course of the decision-making process between judges. Trying to erase doubts – for instance when one judge is dominating discussions in the judge’s chambers – interferes in finding the real truth in a case. Also, colleagues can help creating awareness of tunnel vision. According to the author there is no such a thing as a general sense of just punishment. Discussions about reasonable punishments are influenced by previous decisions. Being a judge gave the author a lot of fulfilment in his work and a higher social status.
Frontlijnwerken in de grote stad
Authors: Rombout B. 
Published: February 2025

Frontline social work in the big city
This article focuses on the activities and working methods of the Rotterdam social aid agency Bureau Frontlijn. It is based on the personal views and experiences of the author, Bureau Frontlijn director Barend Rombout, a former policeman who switched to social work in the disadvantaged districts more than ten years ago. The teaching of skills, coaching and training are key concepts in the work of Bureau Frontlijn. Many people suffering from a crisis because of unemployment, divorce, homelessness or early pregnancy are not adequately helped by state institutions, but instead get entangled in all kinds of bureaucratic procedures. What is needed in social aid is a more comprehensive and tailor-made approach. Even though individual responsibility is important, society has a moral obligation to protect the less privileged, because many of them have been in a disadvantaged situation since their birth or even earlier.
Innovatie
Authors: Lugard H.H.P. 
Published: February 2025

Innovatie
Het staat buiten kijf dat innovatie van eminent belang is voor economische groei en welvaart. Nieuwe producten en diensten en verbeterde productiemethoden kunnen consumenten per saldo meer welvaartsvoordelen opleveren dan prijsverlagingen van bestaande producten. Het mededingingsrecht en -beleid ziet echter eerst en vooral op het tegengaan van kartelafspraken, marktverdeling en andere statische marktinefficiënties. Tegen die achtergrond is het niet verwonderlijk dat met enige regelmaat de vraag gesteld wordt of het mededingingsbeleid niet toe is aan een drastische heroriëntering en zich expliciet moet richten op het stimuleren van innovatie, of, zo men wil, op het tegengaan van praktijken die innovatie beperken of in gevaar brengen.
Stroomlijningswet – nieuwe bevoegdheden voor de reeds samengevoegde autoriteiten in ACM
Authors: Kohlen Janneke , Kuipers Pauline 
Published: February 2025

Stroomlijningswet – nieuwe bevoegdheden voor de reeds samengevoegde autoriteiten in ACM
De Stroomlijningswet voor de bevoegdheden van ACM is op 1 augustus 2014 in werking getreden. (Stb. 2014, 266; Kamerstukken 33 622). Daarmee worden de toezichthoudende bevoegdheden van de drie in ACM opgegane toezichthouders (NMa, OPTA en Consumentenautoriteit) gestroomlijnd. In de praktijk lijken de wijzigingen echter meer in te houden dan alleen stroomlijning; de kritiek dat bevoegdheden vooral opgerekt worden, is dan ook veel geuit. Redenen genoeg om de belangrijkste wijzigingen in de bevoegdheden van ACM nader te belichten. Daarbij rijst de vraag of ACM deze bevoegdheden ook ten volle zal gaan benutten voor het mededingingstoezicht of dat de andere twee gefuseerde toezichthouders – OPTA en Consumentenautoriteit – meer baat hebben bij deze nieuwe c.q. ‘gestroomlijnde’ bevoegdheden.
‘Aan een boom zo vol geladen …’
Authors: Knibbeler Winfred , Pliego Selie Alvaro 
Published: February 2025

‘Aan een boom zo vol geladen …’: De uitspraak van het College in de Boomkwekerijen-zaak, een belangwekkende tussenstand in het Nederlandse kartelrecht. Annotatie bij CBb 10 april 2014, AWB 10/828, AWB 10/829 en CBb 10 april 2014, AWB 10/830 (Boomkwekerijen)
In de Boomkwekerijen-zaak oordeelt het College dat ACM in de sanctiefase nog stukken aan het dossier mag toevoegen indien deze door bij het kartel betrokken ondernemingen worden ingediend. Een oordeel over de ambtshalve toepassing van artikel 101 VWEU wordt vermeden door te oordelen dat het kartel geen interstatelijk effect had. Het College aanvaardt de niet-toepasselijkheid van de bagatelbepaling, zonder duidelijke bewijs- of motiveringsregels te formuleren. Ofschoon het College een systeeminbreuk als bewezen verklaart, stelt het niettemin hoge eisen aan het bewijs van de duur van deze inbreuk. Deze benadering staat op gespannen voet met de Europese rechtspraak.CBb 10 april 2014, AWB 10/828 en AWB 10/829, ECLI:NL:CBB:2014:118 (Darthuizer) en CBb 10 april 2014, AWB 10/830, ECLI:NL:CBB:2014:119 (Van den Oever).
Samsung en Motorola: controversiële duidelijkheid in FRAND-zaken
Authors: van Ginneken Pepijn , Sholeh Peyma 
Published: February 2025

Samsung en Motorola: controversiële duidelijkheid in FRAND-zaken: Besluiten van de Commissie van 29 april 2014, zaken AT.39985 en AT.39939
Op 29 april 2014 heeft de Europese Commissie twee besluiten genomen in de zaken Motorola en Samsung. Samsung en Motorola hebben volgens de Europese Commissie misbruik gemaakt van hun machtspositie door gerechtelijke procedures te starten tegen Apple. Beide partijen hadden zich ertoe verplicht de door hun gehouden standaard essentiële octrooien aan te bieden op FRAND-voorwaarden en Apple was bereid de licentie te nemen tegen FRAND-voorwaarden. De Commissie heeft met deze besluiten de omstandigheden waaronder de gedragingen van SEP-houders misbruik kunnen vormen uiteengezet. In deze annotatie worden de twee meest controversiële en interessante onderdelen uit deze besluiten besproken.
De (definitieve) richtlijn betreffende schadevorderingen wegens mededingingsinbreuken
Authors: Raats Tim 
Published: February 2025

De (definitieve) richtlijn betreffende schadevorderingen wegens mededingingsinbreuken
Op 17 april 2014 heeft het Europees Parlement de Richtlijn betreffende schadevorderingen wegens mededingingsinbreuken aangenomen. Deze richtlijn vormt het sluitstuk van een traject dat reeds in 2001 is ingezet met het Courage/Crehan-arrest. In deze signalering staat de definitieve tekst van de richtlijn centraal. Na een korte bespreking van de inhoud van de richtlijn gaat de signalering met name in op de wijzigingen van de definitieve tekst van de richtlijn ten opzichte van het in 2013 gepubliceerde richtlijnvoorstel.
Who is ‘we’?
Authors: van der Zweerde Evert 
Published: February 2025

Who is ‘we’?
Which human material forms the real basis of a democratic polity, i.e. of the preconditions of a ‘we’ that inhabits a ‘world’? How is a political ‘we’ related to the ‘we’ that is created by systemic processes of subjectivization? These questions presents themselves with new relevance in a ‘globalized’ world, in which democratic spurts and waves spread from other parts of the world to the West, and in which the liberal-democratic rule of law state appears to be undermining its own moral preconditions. The real task ahead is to find out what ‘we’ denotes politically.
‘Nothing Spells Freedom Like a Hooters Meal’
Authors: Tinnevelt Ronald 
Published: February 2025

‘Nothing Spells Freedom Like a Hooters Meal’
Winter’s criticism of the conventional account of freedom and democracy is best understood against the background of the history of Enlightenment critique. Winter claims that our current misunderstanding of freedom and self-governance is the result of the strict dichotomy between subject and object. This paper critically reconstructs Winter’s notion of freedom and self-governance which does not adequately address (a) the details of his anti-collectivist claim, and (b) the necessary conditions for the possibility of a moral point of view. This makes it difficult to determine how Winter can distinguish between freedom and lack of freedom, and to assess the limited or radical nature of his critique of Enlightenment universalism.
Private law and ethical life
Authors: Broekhuizen Jan Ph. 
Published: February 2025

Private law and ethical life
In Das Recht der Freiheit Axel Honneth develops his concept of social freedom. In this article I discuss Honneth’s project and critique one of its crucial aspects: Honneth’s views on the disruptive role of legal freedom in our society and its dependent relation to the sphere of social freedom. I argue that in his attempt in Das Recht der Freiheit to reactualize Hegel’s discourse on the realization of freedom for our time, Honneth risks mistranslating Hegel’s discourse of ‘right’ by denying the sphere of legal relations a constitutive role for true freedom, and that because of this Honneth’s own theory of social freedom suffers: it becomes less clear whether it can still offer helpful insights into the proper place of legal freedom in our society.
De nieuwe Europese privacywetgeving: stand van zaken bijna twee jaar na Commissievoorstel
Authors: Hijmans H. 
Published: February 2025

De nieuwe Europese privacywetgeving: stand van zaken bijna twee jaar na Commissievoorstel
In het voorjaar van 2012 heb ik in NTEReen bijdrage geschreven over de Commissievoorstellen van 25 januari 2012 voor nieuwe Europese wetgeving op het gebied van de gegevensbescherming. De behandeling van deze voorstellen – en dan vooral de voorgestelde verordening – bij de Raad en het Parlement heeft de gemoederen in Brussel en ook in Nederland sterk beziggehouden vanwege de grote belangen die ermee gemoeid zijn en de vaak uiteenlopende meningen over de verordening an sich en veel van de specifieke bepalingen die deze bevat. Het meest aansprekende bewijs daarvan zijn de bijna vierduizend amendementen die binnen het EP zijn ingediend in relatie tot de voorgestelde verordening. Bij het beëindigen van deze bijdrage is nog veel onduidelijk over het vervolg van het dossier. Ik wil deze bijdrage dan ook vooral benutten om de voor de lezers van NTER meest relevante elementen van het debat in kaart te brengen, in vervolg op mijn bijdrage uit 2012.Voorstel voor een verordening betreffende de bescherming van natuurlijke personen in verband met de verwerking van persoonsgegevens en betreffende het vrije verkeer van die gegevens (algemene verordening gegevensbescherming) ( COM/2012/011 def.).Voorstel voor een richtlijn betreffende de bescherming van natuurlijke personen in verband met de verwerking van persoonsgegevens door bevoegde autoriteiten met het oog op de voorkoming, het onderzoek, de opsporing en de vervolging van strafbare feiten of de tenuitvoerlegging van straffen, en betreffende het vrije verkeer van die gegevens ( COM/2012/010 def.).
Het FIH-arrest: over de toepassing van het ‘Market Economy Operator Principle’
Authors: van Lambalgen R.E. 
Published: February 2025

Het FIH-arrest: over de toepassing van het ‘Market Economy Operator Principle’
De vraag of een bepaalde maatregel staatssteun vormt, wordt onder meer beoordeeld aan de hand van het beginsel van de particuliere marktdeelnemer. Bij de toepassing van dit beginsel mag geen rekening worden gehouden met de risico’s die voortvloeien uit eerdere staatssteunmaatregelen. Tot dit oordeel kwam het Hof van Justitie in het arrest van 6 maart 2018 in zaak C-579/16P, FIH.HvJ 6 maart 2018, zaak C-579/16P, Europese Commissie/FIH Holding A/S en FIH Erhvervsbank A/S, ECLI:EU:C:2018:159
De ‘space to think’ in de Eurowob na De Capitani en ClientEarth
Authors: Bijl Y.C. 
Published: February 2025

De ‘space to think’ in de Eurowob na De Capitani en ClientEarth
In deze bijdrage worden twee recente uitspraken besproken waarin de EU-rechter zich heeft uitgelaten over de vraag of in het kader van de Eurowob een beroep op een ‘space to think’ kan volstaan om een document niet te openbaren. Het concept van de ‘space to think’ zweeft al enige tijd rond in de rechtspraak inzake de Eurowob maar de precieze contouren van het concept en wanneer er een geslaagd beroep op kan worden gedaan zijn niet duidelijk. Deze bijdrage beoogt meer helderheid daarin te brengen.
Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan, Motivasi dan Disiplin Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan pada PT. Inhuni–IV Kabupaten Bener Meriah
Authors: Basyirah Basyirah 
Published: February 2025

Penelitian dan pembahasan tentang Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan dan motivasi serta disiplin terhadap kinerja karyawan. Identifikasi masalah adalah Apakah berpengaruh gaya kepemimpinan , motivasi dan disiplin terhadap kinerja karyawan Lokasi penelitian ini pada PT.Inhuni di Kabupaten Bener Meriah. Responden sebanyak 46 orang. Metode analisa data Analisa Regresi Linier Berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Y=1,492 + 0,001x₁ + 0,262x₂ + 0,443x₃. Sehingga diperoleh secara parsial bahwa gaya kepemimpinan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan, motivasi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadp kinerja karyawan, disiplin berpengaruh positif dan sognifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan. Secara simultan menunjukan bahwa adanya pengaruh yang signifikan antara variable gaya kepemimpinan, mitivasi, disiplin kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan secara bersama-sama terhadap kinerja karyawan. Determinasi menunjukan nilai (R²) sebesar 0,678 berarti bahwa 67,8% variasi perubahan variable kinerja karyawan Pt.Inhuni. Secara simultan hasil perhitungan pada table Anova menunjukan bahwa nilai Fhitung sebesar 29,455 > F tabel sebesar 2,83. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa gaya kepemimpinan, motivasi dan disiplin berpengaruh positif dan signifikan secara bersama- sama terhadap kinerja karyawan pada PT.Inhuni IV. Dengan nilai 0,000 < 0,005 dengan hipotesa Ha diterima.
Studi Literatur: Penggunaan Software GeoGebra Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Komputasi Siswa Pada Pembelajaran Matematika
Authors: Atika Rahmah  , Yahfizham  
Published: February 2025

In the 21st century, technological development is increasingly rapid and tends towards digitalization, when compared to a few decades ago. So, if it is not utilized, it will be something in vain. Using technology-based learning media will facilitate the learning process, so that it can improve the quality of learning and can improve students' mathematical representation skills. One of the technology-based mathematics learning media that can help students in representing mathematical models/problems is GeoGebra Software. The purpose of this research activity is to find out whether the use of GeoGebra software media can improve students' computational thinking skills in mathematics learning. Improving students' understanding of how to show a model or mathematical problem in graph form or vice versa is one of the benefits of research. The method used in this study is Systematic Literature Review (SLR). This research method is carried out by reviewing journals in a structured manner with predetermined steps. The result of this research activity is that GeoGebra can help students understand the concept of straight line graphs in more detail with a varied and attractive appearance. In addition, for teachers themselves, GeoGebra can be used as a mathematics learning tool to create interactive learning that allows students to explore various abstract mathematical concepts.