bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Vitamin‐B Complex Supplementation on Periodontal Wound Healing
Authors: Neiva Rodrigo F. , Al‐Shammari Khalaf , Nociti Francisco H. , Soehren Stephen , Wang Hom‐Lay 
Published: July 2005

Background: Reports have demonstrated that nutrient supplements, in particular vitamin‐B complex (Vit‐B), can positively influence wound healing processes. However, limited information is available on the effects of Vit‐B on periodontal wound healing.Methods: A total of 30 patients (13 males, 17 females) presenting with generalized moderate to severe chronic periodontitis were enrolled in this study. All subjects presented ≥ two teeth in the same sextant with probing depth (PD) ≥5 mm and bleeding upon probing (BOP) in need of access flap surgery (AFS). This study was a randomized, double‐masked, placebo‐controlled clinical trial. Subjects were instructed to take one capsule a day of either Vit‐B (50 mg of the following: thiamine HCl, riboflavin, niacinamide, d‐calcium pantothenate, and pyridoxine HCl; 50 µg each of d‐biotin and cyanocobalamin; and 400 mcg of folate) or placebo for 30 days following AFS. Clinical attachment levels (CAL) and N‐benzoyl‐dl‐arginine‐2‐ naphthylamide (BANA) test scores were measured at baseline and at 90 and 180 days following surgical intervention. Assessments of the healing response were also performed using BOP, gingival index (GI), and plaque index (Pl) at baseline and 7, 14, 30, 90, and 180 days. The mean results of each parameter were averaged within a group. Differences between groups were analyzed by using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA).Results: Both groups experienced comparable levels of PD reduction following AFS (test: −1.57 ± 0.34; control: −1.50 ± 0.21). Changes in mean CAL were more favorable in Vit‐B supplemented subjects (test: +0.41 ± 0.12; control: −0.52 ± 0.23; P = 0.024). Stratified data demonstrated significantly better results for the test group in both shallow (test: −0.08 ± 0.03; control: −1.11 ± 0.27; P = 0.032) and deep sites (test: +1.69 ± 0.31; control: +0.74 ± 0.23; P = 0.037). No significant differences were observed between groups regarding PI, GI, and BOP. BANA test values were significantly reduced in both groups after surgical treatment and no significant differences were noted between groups.Conclusion: Vitamin B‐complex supplement in combination with AFS resulted in statistically significant superior CAL gains when compared to placebo. J Periodontol 2005;76:1084‐1091.
A Scanning Electron Microscopy Study of Idiopathic External Tooth Resorption in the Cat
Authors: DeLaurier April , Boyde Alan , Horton Michael A. , Price Joanna S. 
Published: July 2005

Background: Multiple idiopathic root resorption (MIRR) is a rare condition in man characterized by cervical resorption leading to significant tooth loss. A similar condition, feline osteoclastic resorptive lesions (FORL), affects up to 70% of domestic cats and thus provides a valuable model for investigating the etiopathogenesis of MIRR. The aim of the present study was to establish changes in the surface microanatomy of the tooth in late stage FORL and to identify whether its location has a surface bias.Methods: Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to analyze the surface features of enamel and cementum of feline teeth affected with advanced FORL.Results: Resorption involved the coronal root at the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) in 95% of teeth and focal resorption of intact enamel was observed in 14% of teeth. In 55% of teeth, the main lesion was on the buccal surface and a distinct circumferential resorption “front” was present at the apical margin of resorption. The root surfaces of most affected teeth either lacked extrinsic fibers or cellular lacunae or featured evidence of cementum remodeling. Woven bone‐like tissue was found within lesions, on resorbed dentin, or on the root surface in 27% of teeth.Conclusions: This study demonstrates that most FORL involve the CEJ, and the presence of focal lesions at this site suggests that this is where resorption is initiated. This implies that local factors in the oral microenvironment play a role in the etiopathogenesis of this condition. The study also shows that FORL are more likely to occur on buccal surfaces and are associated with changes in the microarchitecture of the root surface consistent with destruction of the normal periodontal attachment and stimulation of a reparative response. These findings may be relevant to understanding the etiopathogenesis of multiple idiopathic resorption areas in man. J Periodontol 2005;76:1106‐1112.
Short‐Term Assessment of the Nd:YAG Laser With and Without Sodium Fluoride Varnish in the Treatment of Dentin Hypersensitivity – A Clinical and Scanning Electron Microscopy Study
Authors: Kumar N. Gautham , Mehta D.S. 
Published: July 2005

Background: The aim of the present study was to evaluate clinically and under scanning electron microscopy (SEM) the efficacy of Nd:YAG laser irradiation alone and in combination with 5% sodium fluoride varnish in the management of dentin hypersensitivity.Methods: The study was conducted on 40 patients divided into four groups who had at least one tooth of Grade III mobility with clinically elicitable dentin hypersensitivity. Following the pretreatment assessment of hypersensitivity using the visual analog scale (VAS) and cold air blast test, the selected tooth in all the groups received 1% citric acid treatment for 1 minute. Group 1 patients received no further treatment; group 2, 3, and 4 patients received additional treatment with 5% sodium fluoride varnish, Nd:YAG laser for 2 minutes, and a combination of 5% sodium fluoride varnish and Nd:YAG laser, respectively. Two hours following treatment, hypersensitivity was again assessed, and the teeth were extracted, sectioned, and scanned using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).Results: The mean VAS score in group 1 showed a 27% increase from baseline, but groups 2, 3, and 4 showed a decrease of 33%, 44%, and 62%, respectively. The mean cold air blast score showed a 22% increase in group 1, but values decreased by 43%, 50%, and 83% in groups 2, 3, and 4, respectively. The number of patent tubules also progressively decreased from group 1 through group 4.Conclusions: The combination of Nd:YAG laser and 5% sodium fluoride varnish seems to show an impressive efficacy, when compared to either treatment alone, in treating dentin hypersensitivity. The SEM findings seem to relate to the clinical findings in that reduction in number/patency of tubules was associated with improvement in treatment efficacy. J Periodontol 2005;76:1140‐1147.
The Effect of Non‐Steroidal Anti‐Inflammatory Drugs on Bleeding During Periodontal Surgery
Authors: Braganza Annabel , Bissada Nabil , Hatch Craig , Ficara Anthony 
Published: July 2005

Background: With the increasing prevalence of individuals taking non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), there is concern as to whether low‐dose NSAIDs cause bleeding problems during periodontal surgery.Methods: A controlled, single‐blind study was designed to measure the effect of ibuprofen at peak plasma levels on intraoperative bleeding. Fifteen medically healthy subjects (seven males and eight females), each having two sites requiring periodontal surgery of similar complexity, type, and duration, were selected for the study. The subjects were instructed to take ibuprofen prior to one of the surgeries. A standard bleeding time and papillary bleeding index score were recorded at initial consultation, and prior to the first and second surgeries. The volume of aspirated blood was measured during each surgery by subtracting the amount of water used for irrigation from the total volume of fluid (blood + irrigation water) collected at 15‐minute intervals during the surgery.Results: An analysis of the results showed an increase in intraoperative bleeding when ibuprofen was taken prior to surgery (31.93 ± 15.72 versus 17.80 ± 9.57 ml; P <0.01). Ibuprofen appeared to have its greatest effect on bleeding mid‐surgery. The average bleeding time also increased significantly (P <0.01) when ibuprofen was preadministered (4.17 ± 0.96 versus 3.8 ± 0.92 minutes), although the bleeding remained within the normal range. Papillary bleeding did not show a significant difference between the two surgeries. Surgeries involving osseous resection showed a significant increase in bleeding when ibuprofen was preadministered.Conclusion: Taken prior to periodontal surgery, ibuprofen increases intraoperative blood loss in patients up to almost two times that of those who did not take ibuprofen. J Periodontol 2005;76:1154‐1160.
Mesocrystals: Inorganic Superstructures Made by Highly Parallel Crystallization and Controlled Alignment
Authors: Cölfen Helmut , Antonietti Markus 
Published: July 2005

AbstractControlled self‐organization of nanoparticles can lead to new materials. The colloidal crystallization of non‐spherical nanocrystals is a reaction channel in many crystallization reactions. With additives, self‐organization can be stopped at an intermediary step—a mesocrystal—in which the primary units can still be identified. Mesocrystals were observed for various systems as kinetically metastable species or as intermediates in a crystallization reaction leading to single crystals with typical defects and inclusions. The control forces and mechanism of mesocrystal formation are largely unknown, but several mesocrystal properties are known. Mesocrystals are exiting examples of nonclassical crystallization, which does not proceed through ion‐by‐ion attachment, but by a modular nanobuilding‐block route. This path makes crystallization more independent of ion products or molecular solubility, it occurs without pH or osmotic pressure changes, and opens new strategies for crystal morphogenesis.
New thermochromic liquid–crystalline polymer: Synthesis and phase behavior
Authors: Wang Ying , Hu Jian‐She , Zhang Bao‐Yan , Jiang Tong‐Ying 
Published: July 2005

AbstractA series of new thermochromic side‐chain liquid–crystalline polymers were prepared. The chemical structures of the resulting monomers and polymers were characterized by element analyses, FTIR, 1H‐NMR, and 13C‐NMR. Their mesogenic properties were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analyses, polarizing optical microscopy, and X‐ray diffraction measurements. The influence of the content of dye groups on phase behavior of the polymers was discussed. The polymers P1–P3 showed smectic phase, and P4–P7 revealed cholesteric phase. The polymers containing less than 30 mol % of the dye groups showed good solubility, reversible phase transition, wider mesophase temperature ranges, and higher thermal stability. Experimental results demonstrated that the clearing temperature and mesophase temperature ranges decreased with increasing the concentration of the dye groups. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 329–335, 2005
Preparation of polydimethylsiloxane nanolatices by emulsion polymerization in a water–aminoethanol system
Authors: Zhang Dunming , Jiang Xiqun , Yang Changzheng 
Published: July 2005

AbstractStable and translucent polydimethylsiloxane nanolatices in a water–aminoethanol (AE) system were prepared by the emulsion polymerization of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4) with nonionic polyoxyethylene alcohol ethers and polyoxyethylene aryl ether as surfactants and with KOH as an initiator. The effects of the AE concentration on the emulsion polymerization rate (Rp) of D4 and the physical properties of the resultant nanolatices were investigated. Increasing the AE concentration in the reaction mixture dramatically increased the emulsion Rp value of D4, and the kinetics of the D4 emulsion polymerization in this system were consistent with the Morgan–Kaler theory of microemulsion polymerization. When the AE concentration in the emulsion increased, the transparency value of the resultant emulsion increased, and the size of the droplets in the resultant nanolatices decreased. In addition, the molecular weight of the polysiloxane in the resultant emulsion also increased with the increase in the AE concentration in the reaction mixture. A nanolatex prepared by the emulsion polymerization of 0.98M D4 with 185 g/L AE had a transparency value of 80.9% and a mean diameter of 59.5 nm. The morphology of polysiloxane nanolatices cured with (N,N‐diethylaminomethyl)‐triethoxysilane was observed with transmission electron microscopy, and the size of the globular particles was consistent with that obtained by dynamic light scattering. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 347–352, 2005
Characterization of defatted soy flour and elastomer composites
Authors: Jong L. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractDefatted soy flour (DSF) is an abundant renewable commodity and is more economically favorable then soy protein isolate or soy protein concentrate. DSF contains soy protein, soy carbohydrate, and soy whey. The aqueous dispersion of DSF was blended with styrene‐butadiene latex to form elastomer composites. The inclusion of soy carbohydrate increased the tensile stress in the small strain region, but reduced the elongation at break. The shear elastic modulus of the composites showed an increase in the small strain region, consistent with its stress‐strain behavior. The inclusion of soy carbohydrate and soy whey also improved the recovery behavior in the nonlinear region. At small strain, the shear elastic modulus of 30% filled composites at 140°C was about 500 times higher than that of the unfilled elastomer, indicating a significant reinforcement effect generated by DSF. Compared with soy protein isolate (SPI), the stress softening effect and recovery behavior under dynamic strain indicate the addition of soy carbohydrate and soy whey may have increased the filler‐rubber interaction. In general, the DSF composites gave better mechanical properties compared with the protein composites. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 353–361, 2005
Comparison of thin‐layer and bulk MIPs synthesized by photoinitiated in situ crosslinking polymerization from the same reaction mixtures
Authors: Schneider Frank , Piletsky Sergey , Piletska Elena , Guerreiro Antonio , Ulbricht Mathias 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe synthesis and comparative characterization of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) in two different formats, as thin layers grafted to the entire surface of polypropylene microfiltration membranes and as conventional particles, are described. Imprinting with atrazine was performed by using itaconic acid and N,N′‐methylene‐bisacrylamide as functional and crosslinker monomers in methanol as the solvent. Polymerization had been initiated by UV irradiation of benzoin ethyl ether and driven to low monomer conversion for the thin‐layer polymers and to high monomer conversion for the bulk materials. The binding performance of MIP composite membranes and of MIP particles packed into cartridges was evaluated in solid‐phase extraction (SPE) experiments of atrazin and simazin from aqueous solutions. The SPE performance depended strongly on pH and buffer concentration. Although an imprinting effect was observed for both formats, the specificity (MIP versus Blank) and the selectivity (atrazin versus simazin) were much higher for the thin‐layer composite membranes than for the bulk polymer particles. In particular, the atrazin/simazin selectivity increased from 32% for the Blank to 78% for the MIP composite membranes. A major reason is the hindered accessibility of the internal pore structure of the particles, whereas the porous filtration membranes are much more compatible with the fast SPE protocol. Furthermore, based on pKa of the functional carboxylic acid groups—from potentiometric titration and polarity of the binding environment—from fluorescent probe analysis, different properties of the imprinted binding sites can be postulated for the two MIP formats. However, the differences between MIP and Blank were much more pronounced for the thin‐layer composite membranes. The hydrophobic surface of the polypropylene membrane appeared to be a major factor affecting the binding performance of thin‐layer MIPs. The new porous composite membranes could be particularly useful as selective SPE materials in environmental, pharmaceutical, and analytical applications. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 362–372, 2005
Origin of corpses received by the anatomical institute at the University of Jena during the Nazi regime
Authors: Redies Christoph , Viebig Michael , Zimmermann Susanne , Fröber Rosemarie 
Published: July 2005

AbstractDuring the Nazi regime (1933–1945), the anatomical institute at the University of Jena received 2,224 corpses, of which approximately 200 originated from executions. The available data clearly suggest that a large portion of these 200 executed persons must be considered victims of Nazi crimes. Approximately an equal number of bodies were delivered from state nursing homes and mental institutions in the state of Thuringia during the same time period. The available data suggest that it is highly likely that many of them were victims of decentralized “euthanasia” programs. The remains of many prisoners of nearby labor camps, mostly from Eastern Europe, are listed in the body register at the institute as well. A group of anatomists and historians has investigated the institute's association with Nazi crimes. Apart from documenting the association, the aim of the investigation is to clarify the whereabouts of the corpses. In particular, it must be ascertained that none of the specimens publicly displayed in the anatomical collection of the Friedrich Schiller University originated in the context of Nazi crimes. Anat Rec (Part B: New Anat) 285B:6–10, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cancer surveillance in ulcerative colitis
Authors: Chambers W M , Warren B F , Jewell D P , McC. Mortensen N J 
Published: July 2005

Abstract

Background
Patients with ulcerative colitis are at a higher risk of developing colorectal cancer than those without the disease. Surveillance programmes are used routinely to detect dysplasia and cancer in patients with ulcerative colitis. However, such programmes are poorly effective. This article discusses possible improvements suggested by recent research.

Methods
Papers relating to cancer associated with ulcerative colitis and surveillance programmes to detect such cancer were identified using Medline searches. Further papers were identified from the reference lists of identified papers.

Results
The probability of cancer for all patients with ulcerative colitis regardless of disease extent was 2 per cent at 10 years, 8 per cent at 20 years and 18 per cent at 30 years; the overall prevalence of colorectal cancer in any patient was 3·7 per cent. Indications for colonoscopic surveillance are extensive disease for 8–10 years, especially in those with active inflammation, a family history of colorectal cancer and primary sclerosing cholangitis. Problems affecting surveillance include the diagnosis of dysplasia, difficulty in differentiating ‘sporadic’ adenomas from a dysplasia-associated lesion or mass, and decision making based on surveillance findings. Molecular genetic and endoscopic advances to alleviate these problems are discussed.

Conclusion
Rates of detection of dysplasia can be improved by chromoendoscopy. Molecular genetics has the potential to identify patients most at risk of cancer and can differentiate between different types of lesion.
Simultaneous analysis of haloperidol, its three metabolites and two other butyrophenone‐type neuroleptics by high performance liquid chromatography with dual ultraviolet detection
Authors: Higashi Yasuhiko , Kitahara Miyuki , Fujii Youichi 
Published: July 2005

AbstractWe investigated simultaneous determination of haloperidol (HAL), its three metabolites [reduced HAL (R‐HAL), 3‐(4‐fluorobenzoyl)propionic acid (FBPA) and 4‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐4‐hydroxypiperidine (CPHP)] and two related compounds [spiperone (SPI) and droperidol (DRO)] in phosphate‐buffered saline using high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with dual ultraviolet detection (220 and 250 nm). Retention times of HAL, R‐HAL, FBPA, CPHP, SPI and DRO were 16.8, 11.8, 10.2, 4.1, 12.6 and 8.3 min, respectively. Their lower limits of detection were 7.5, 14, 4.5, 12, 10 and 20 ng/mL in the same order. The coefficients of variation for their intra‐ and inter‐day assays were less than 7.8 and 9.4%, respectively. Of the other centrally acting drugs, only amoxapine interfered with the peak of DRO. Using our procedure, the binding study of tested compounds to synthetic melanin, human serum albumin and α1‐acid glycoprotein was performed by determining the unbound concentration to total concentration ratio. These results indicated that simultaneous assay of HAL, R‐HAL, FBPA, CPHP, SPI and DRO in phosphate‐buffered saline by HPLC equipped with dual ultraviolet detection is simple, sensitive and reproducible. Also, our assay system can be applied to the binding study of these compounds to synthetic melanin, human serum albumin and α1‐acid glycoprotein. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Addition of Nitriles to Alkaline Earth Metal Complexes of 1,2‐Bis[(phenyl)imino]acenaphthenes
Authors: Fedushkin Igor L. , Morozov Alexander G. , Rassadin Oleg V. , Fukin Georgii K. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractCompounds [Sr(dpp‐bian)(thf)4] (2), [Ba(dpp‐bian)(dme)2.5] (3) and [Mg(dtb‐bian)(thf)2] (4) (dpp‐bian=1,2‐bis[(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)imino]acenaphthene; dtb‐bian=1,2‐bis[(2,5‐di‐tert‐butylphenyl)imino]acenaphthene) were prepared by reduction of dpp‐bian and dtb‐bian with an excess of metallic Mg, Sr, or Ba in THF or DME. Reactions of [Mg(dpp‐bian)(thf)3], 3, and 4 with diphenylacetonitrile gave keteniminates [Mg(dpp‐bianH)(NCCPh2)(thf)2] (5), [Mg(dtb‐bianH)(NCCPh2)(thf)2] (6), and [Ba(dpp‐bianH)(NCCPh2)(dme)2] (7), respectively. The reaction of 2 with CH3CN in THF gave [{Sr(dpp‐bianH)[N(H)C(CH3)C(H)CN](thf)}2] (8). The compounds 2, 3, 5–8 were characterized by elemental analysis, and IR and NMR spectroscopy. Molecular structures of 2, 3, 7, and 8 were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. In contrast to reactions of alkali‐metal reagents, magnesium amides, or yttriumalkyls with α‐H acidic nitriles, which are accompanied by an amine or an alkane elimination, the reactions of [Mg(dpp‐bian)(thf)3] (1), 2, 3, and 4 with such nitriles proceeded with formation of Mg, Sr, and Ba keteniminates and simultaneous protonation of one nitrogen atom of the bian ligand. The NMR spectroscopic data obtained for complex 5 indicated that in solution the amino hydrogen atom underwent the fast (on the NMR timescale) shuttle transfer between both nitrogen atoms of the dpp‐bianH ligand.
Template‐Fabricated Gold Nanowires from Gas‐Phase Transport Reactions
Authors: Köppe Ralf , Schmid Günter , Schneider Sibylle , Schnöckel Hansgeorg 
Published: July 2005

AbstractAluminium oxide membranes are partially filled with solid nanowires of gold by chemical vapour transport (1000 to 650 °C) using iodine as the transport agent. The transport is due to the formation of gas‐phase AuI. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)