bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Not all parents are the same: Diverse strategies of symbiont transmission in seaweeds
Authors: Syukur Syukur , Richmond Joanna , Majzoub Marwan E. , Nappi Jadranka , Egan Suhelen , Thomas Torsten 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDifferent marine seaweed species have been shown to harbour specific bacterial communities, however, the extent to which vertical symbiont transmission from parents to offspring contributes to host‐specificity is unclear. Here we use fluorescence and electron microscopy as well as 16S rRNA gene‐based community analysis to investigate symbiont transmission in members of the three major seaweed groups (green Chlorophyta, red Rhodophyta and brown Phaeophyceae). We found seaweeds employ diverse strategies to transfer symbionts to their progeny. For instance, the green Ulva australis does not appear to have the capacity for vertical transmission. In contrast, the brown Phyllospora comosa adopts a non‐selective vertical transmission. The red Delisea pulchra demonstrates weak selectivity in symbiont transmission, while the brown Hormosira banksii exhibits a strongly selective symbiont transfer. Mucilage on the gametes appears to facilitate vertical transmission and transferred bacteria have predicted properties that could support early development of the seaweeds. Previous meta‐analysis has indicated that vertical transmission is rare in aquatic compared to terrestrial environments, however, our results contribute to the growing evidence that this might not be the case and that instead vertical transmission with various degrees of symbiont selection occurs in the ecologically important group of seaweeds.
For better or worse: Governing healthcare organisations in times of financial distress
Authors: van Dijk Tessa S. , Felder Martijn , Janssen Richard T. J. M. , van der Scheer Wilma K. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDue to processes of financialisation, financial parties increasingly penetrate the healthcare domain and determine under which conditions care is delivered. Their influence becomes especially visible when healthcare organisations face financial distress. By zooming‐in on two of such cases, we come to know more about the considerations, motives and actions of financial parties in healthcare. In this research, we were able to examine the social dynamics between healthcare executives, banks and health insurers involved in a Dutch hospital and mental healthcare organisation on the verge of bankruptcy. Informed by interviews, document analysis and translation theory, we reconstructed the motives and strategies of executives, banks and health insurers and show how they play a crucial role in decision‐making processes surrounding the survival or downfall of healthcare organisations. While parties are bound by legislation and company procedures, the outcome of financial distress can still be influenced. Much depends on how executives are perceived by financial stakeholders and how they deal with threats of destabilisation of the network. We further draw attention to the consequences of financialisation processes on the practices of healthcare organisations in financial distress.
Chromosome‐level genome assembly of the kiang (Equus kiang) illuminates genomic basis for its high‐altitude adaptation
Authors: ZHOU Chuang , ZHENG Xiaofeng , PENG Kexin , FENG Kaize , YUE Bisong , WU Yongjie 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe kiang (Equus kiang) can only be observed in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP). The kiang displayed excellent athletic performance in the high‐altitude environment, which attracted wide interest in the investigation of the potential adaptive mechanisms to the extreme environment. Here, we assembled a chromosome‐level genome of the kiang based on Hi‐C sequencing technology. A total of 324.14 Gb clean data were generated, and the chromosome‐level genome with 26 chromosomes (25 + X) and scaffold N50 of 101.77 Mb was obtained for the kiang. The genomic synteny analysis revealed large‐scale chromosomal rearrangement during the evolution process of Equus species. Phylogenetic and divergence analyses revealed that the kiang was the sister branch to the ass and diverged from a common ancestor at approximately 13.5 Mya. The expanded gene families were mainly related to the hypoxia response, metabolism, and immunity. The kiang suffered a significant loss of olfaction‐related genes, which might indicate decreased olfactory sensibility. Positively selected genes (PSGs) detected in the kiang were mainly associated with hypoxia response. Especially, there were two species‐specific missense amino acid mutations in the PSG STAT3 annotated in the hypoxia‐inducible factor 1 signal pathway, which may play an important role in the high‐altitude adaptation of the kiang. Moreover, structure variations in the kiang genome were also identified, which possibly contributed to the high‐altitude adaptation of the kiang. Comparative analysis revealed a lot of species‐specific insertions and deletions in the kiang genome, such as PIK3CB and AKT with 3258 and 189 bp insertions in the intron region, respectively, possibly affecting the expression and regulation of hypoxia‐related downstream pathways. This study provided valuable genomic resources, and our findings help a better understanding of the underlying adaptive strategies to the high‐altitude environment in the kiang.
A case of tracheal stenosis due to anaplastic thyroid carcinoma treated using the stent‐in‐stent method
Authors: Sakaguchi Tadashi , Ohi Maki , Nishii Yoichi , Hataji Osamu 
Published: December 2023

AbstractTracheal AERO stent collapse is a rare complication compared to bronchial AERO stent collapse due to differences in the nitinol framework thickness. A 58‐year‐old man with a bulky anaplastic thyroid carcinoma was referred to our hospital due to exacerbation of tracheal stenosis despite the administration of lenvatinib. His tracheal stenosis exhibited a severe extrinsic compression pattern with a length of 8 cm. Because tracheotomy was inappropriate, we placed an 18 × 80 mm AERO stent. Five months later, he was readmitted with severe dyspnea due to collapse of the distal portion of the stent caused by tumor growth. Because stent removal was difficult, we placed an additional AERO stent (18 × 60 mm) to cover the collapsed portion. The additional stent successfully expanded the collapse and improved his dyspnea. To our knowledge, this is the first case where a tracheal AERO stent collapse due to a poor prognosis tumor was treated with the stent‐in‐stent method.
Ethnographic thinking
Authors: Moss Emanuel 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAnthropology and its marquee method, ethnography, have recently been promoted as an analytical key for unlocking problems faced in other domains. This review addresses two books that argue for the value of this anthropological lens:Anthro‐Vision: A New Way to See in Business and Life, by Gillian Tett, andHow to Think like an Anthropologist, by Matthew Engelke. The differences between these works highlight the risk of deploying anthropology as a means to other ends, without subjecting those ends to the same theorization and scrutiny as one's topic or methods. While these authors demonstrate that there is significant value that the anthropological toolkit can provide, both in life and in business, there remains a fine line to be drawn between the instrumentalization of the discipline and the broader pursuit for knowledge and meaning.
What good is anthropology?
Authors: Mkhwanazi Nolwazi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDifferent forms of care work are essential for the practice of anthropology in South Africa. In this biographical commentary, I describe how I enacted care work in my anthropological practice. I suggest that what is good about anthropology is its potential to be attentive to the multiple ways in which care work is enacted by us as anthropologists, as teachers of the discipline, as well as by our interlocutors.
Successful pneumovaginoscopic surgery for recurrent abscess of OHVIRA syndrome, preventing further recurrence and subsequent pregnancy
Authors: Kita Masato , Shiraga Hiroshi , Fukuda Hisato , Hisamatsu Yoji , Mizokami Tomomi , Okada Hidetaka 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIntroductionOHVIRA syndrome is a rare congenital anomaly of Müllerian duct development characterized by uterine didelphys, obstructed hemivagina, and ipsilateral renal agenesis. The primary treatment is surgical excision of the obstructed hemivaginal septum and hematometrial drainage. In recent years, minimally invasive approaches such as hysteroscopic or vaginoscopic septum resection have been reported. Furthermore, we originally developed some novel pneumovaginoscopic gynecologic surgeries for years using a device that consists of a cylinder that fits into the vagina and a lid that mounts multiple ports, allowing the vagina to be dilated with carbon dioxide gas, similar to a single‐port laparoscope.Materials and Surgical TechniqueWe report a successful pneumovaginoscopic surgery for a complicated recurrent abscess in a patient with OHVIRA syndrome. Conventional surgery was performed with a single forceps in a liquid, as in cystoscopy or hysteroscopy. However, this new surgery allowed multiple forceps in a gas, as in laparoscopy. So pus and blood were aspirated and washed away without leaking into the abdominal cavity via fallopian tubes. The surgical smoke generated by thermal coagulation also aspirated to clean the field of vision immediately. And thick, complicated abscesses were drained successfully. The patient conceived through IVF with ICSI and delivered safely at full term.DiscussionPneumovaginoscopy could benefit complex vaginal surgery cases, such as abscess formation in patients with OHVIRA syndrome.
New pyrrolidine‐carboxamide derivatives as dual antiproliferative EGFR/CDK2 inhibitors
Authors: Frejat Frias Obaid Arhema , Zhao Bingbing , Furaijit Nooruldeen , Wang Lihong , Abou‐Zied Hesham A. , Fathy Hazem M. , Mohamed Fatma A. M. , Youssif Bahaa G. M. , Wu Chunli 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCancer is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide, making it a public health concern. A novel series of pyrrolidine‐carboxamide derivatives 7a‐q were developed and examined in a cell viability assay utilizing a human mammary gland epithelial cell line (MCF‐10A), where all the compounds exhibited no cytotoxic effects and more than 85% cell viability at a concentration of 50 μM. Antiproliferative activity was evaluated in vitro against four panels of cancer cell lines A‐549, MCF‐7, Panc‐1, and HT‐29. Compounds 7e, 7g, 7k, 7n, and 7o were the most active as antiproliferative agents capable of triggering apoptosis. Compound 7g was the most potent of all the derivatives, with a mean IC50 of 0.90 μM compared to IC50 of 1.10 μM for doxorubicin. Compound 7g inhibited A‐549 (epithelial cancer cell line), MCF‐7 (breast cancer cell line), and HT‐29 (colon cancer cell line) more efficiently than doxorubicin. EGFR inhibitory assay results of 7e, 7g, 7k, 7n, and 7o demonstrated that the tested compounds inhibited EGFR with IC50 values ranging from 87 to 107 nM in comparison with the reference drug erlotinib (IC50 = 80 nM). 7e, 7g, 7k, 7n, and 7o inhibited CDK2 efficiently in comparison to the reference dinaciclib (IC50 = 20 nM), with IC50 values ranging from 15 to 31 nM. The results of inhibitory activity assay against different CDK isoforms revealed that the tested compounds had preferential inhibitory activity against the CDK2 isoform.
Glycated haemoglobin, HOMA2‐B, C‐peptide to glucose ratio and type 2 diabetes clusters as predictors for therapy failure in individuals with type 2 diabetes without insulin therapy: A registry analysis
Authors: Aziz Faisal , Sternad Christoph , Sourij Caren , Knoll Lisa , Kojzar Harald , Schranz Anna , Bürger Alexandra , Sourij Harald , Aberer Felix 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAimSome people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and declining β‐cell function do require insulin over time. Various laboratory parameters, indices of glucose metabolism or phenotypes of T2D (clusters) have been suggested, which might predict future therapy failure (TF), indicating the need for insulin therapy initiation. This analysis evaluated glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), homeostatic model assessment (HOMA)2‐B, C‐peptide to glucose ratio (CGR) and diabetes clusters as predictive parameters for the occurrence of glycaemic TF in individuals diagnosed with T2D without previous insulin therapy.Materials and MethodsIn total, 159 individuals with T2D [41% female, median age 50 (IQR: 53‐69) years, diabetes duration 9 (5‐15) years], without insulin therapy were prospectively evaluated for the occurrence of a composite primary endpoint, including HbA1c increasing or remaining >8.0% (64 mmol/mol) 3 months after baseline on non‐insulin glucose‐lowering agents, insulin initiation or hospital admissions because of acute hyperglycaemic events. Diabetes clusters were formed according to previously described characteristics. Only severe autoimmune diabetes clusters were excluded because of a small amount of glutamate decarboxylase antibody‐positive participants. The other clusters were distributed as mild age‐related diabetes 33%; severe insulin‐deficient diabetes 31%; mild obesity‐related diabetes 20%; and severe insulin‐resistant diabetes 15%.ResultsDuring a median observation of 57 months, higher tertiles of HbA1c at baseline, HOMA2‐B, as well as a lower CGR were significantly predictive for the occurrence of the primary endpoint. The probability of meeting the primary endpoint was the highest for mild obesity‐related diabetes [hazard ratio 3.28 (95% confidence interval 1.75‐6.2)], followed by severe insulin‐deficient diabetes [hazard ratio 2.03 (95% confidence interval 1.1‐3.7)], mild age‐related diabetes and the lowest for severe insulin‐resistant diabetes. The best performance to predict TF with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.77 was HbA1c at baseline, followed by HOMA2‐B (AUC 0.69) and CGR (AUC 0.64).ConclusionHbA1c, indices of insulin secretion capacity (HOMA2‐B and CGR) and T2D clusters might be applicable tools to guide practitioners in the decision of whether insulin is required in people already diagnosed with T2D. These findings need to be validated in prospective studies.
Successful caudal vena cava and pulmonary vein isolation in healthy horses using 3D electro‐anatomical mapping and a contact force‐guided ablation system
Authors: Buschmann Eva , Van Steenkiste Glenn , Duytschaever Mattias , Boussy Tim , Vernemmen Ingrid , Ibrahim Lara , Schauvliege Stijn , Decloedt Annelies , van Loon Gunther 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundRecently, treatment of equine atrial tachycardia by three‐dimensional electro‐anatomical mapping (3D EAM) and radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) has been described. Myocardial sleeves in the caudal vena cava and pulmonary veins are a potential trigger for initiation and perpetuation of atrial tachycardia and atrial fibrillation in the horse. Isolation of these myocardial sleeves by RFCA may be an effective treatment for these arrhythmias.ObjectivesTo describe the feasibility of 3D EAM and RFCA to isolate caudal vena cava and pulmonary veins in adult horses using 3D mapping and a contact force (CF)‐guided ablation system.Study designIn vivo experiments.Methods3D EAM and RFCA was performed in five horses without cardiovascular disease under general anaesthesia, using the CF‐guided system CARTO®3. Point‐by‐point RFCA aimed for isolation of caudal vena cava and pulmonary veins. Radiofrequency energy was delivered in power‐controlled mode with a target power of 45 W, CF between 10 and 15 g and 30 mL/min irrigation rate, until an ablation‐index of 450–500 was reached.ResultsIn the right atrium, myocardial sleeves of the caudal vena cava were isolated (n = 5). In the left atrium, isolation of ostium II (n = 3), ostium III (n = 1) and ostium I, II and III en bloc (n = 1) was performed. Successful isolation was confirmed by entrance and exit block.Main limitationsHorses were euthanised at the end of the procedure, so long term effects such as potential reconnection of isolated veins could not be studied.ConclusionsThis is the first description of 3D EAM and RFCA with CARTO®3 in horses, thereby showing the technical feasibility and successful caudal vena cava and pulmonary vein isolation. CF measurement allowed monitoring of catheter‐tissue contact, resulting in efficient acute lesion creation as confirmed by entrance and exit block. This is a promising treatment for cardiac arrhythmias in horses.
A new computer‐aided diagnostic method for classifying anaemia disease: Hybrid use of Tree Bagger and metaheuristics
Authors: Yagmur Nagihan , Dag Idiris , Temurtas Hasan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAnaemia occurs when the haemoglobin (Hgb) value falls below a certain reference range. It requires many blood tests, radiological images, and tests for diagnosis and treatment. By processing medical data from patients with artificial intelligence and machine learning methods, disease predictions can be made for newly ill individuals and decision‐support mechanisms can be created for physicians with these predictions. Thanks to these methods, which are very important in reducing the margin of error in the diagnoses made by doctors, the evaluation of data records in health institutions is also important for patients and hospitals. In this study, six hybrid models are proposed to classify non‐anaemia records, Hgb‐anaemia, folate deficiency anaemia (FDA), iron deficiency anaemia (IDA), and B12 deficiency anaemia by combining artificial intelligence and machine learning methods TreeBagger, Crow Search Algorithm (CSA), Chicken Swarm Optimization Algorithm (CSO) and JAYA methods. The proposed hybrid models are analysed with two different approaches, with/without applying the SMOTE technique to achieve high performance by better emphasizing the importance of parameters. To solve the multiclass anaemia classification problem, fuzzy logic‐based parameter optimization is applied to improve the class‐based accuracy as well as the overall accuracy in the dataset. The proposed methods are evaluated using ROC criteria to build a prediction model to determine the anaemia type of anaemic patients. As a result of the study on the dataset taken from the Kaggle database, it is observed that the six proposed hybrid methods outperformed other studies using the same dataset and similar studies in the literature.
Exploring the associations between being single, romantic importance, and positive well‐being in young adulthood
Authors: Watkins Nicole K. , Beckmeyer Jonathon J. , Jamison Tyler B. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe goal was to explore if perceived romantic relationship importance moderated associations between single status and young adults' positive well‐being.BackgroundSinglehood is often framed within a deficit framework, with the expectation that being single during young adulthood may be costly for well‐being. That approach, however, does not account for young adults' romantic goals, which may shape how being single is connected to well‐being.MethodParticipants were 909 American young adults, ages 18–35 (M = 26.6, 51% female, 81% heterosexual, 58% White, non‐Hispanic), who completed an online survey in December 2019.ResultsBeing single, compared to having a romantic partner, was associated with lower love life satisfaction, general life satisfaction, and flourishing. However, the associations with general life and love life satisfaction were attenuated by relationship dismissal.ConclusionAlthough single young adults reported lower general and love life satisfaction and flourishing, when perceptions of relationship importance were taken into account, relationship dismissal ameliorated the effect of being single on love life satisfaction and general life satisfaction. Placing less importance on romantic relationships may be a promotive factor for single young adults' positive well‐being.ImplicationsThese findings have implications for supporting young adults' positive well‐being, particularly by framing singlehood as normative and, in some cases, preferable to romantic involvement.
Foreign language education in Louisiana: A cluster analysis
Authors: Fell Erin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractLouisiana is currently the only state in the United States that requires foreign language (FL) study for some, but not all of their high school students, and these requirements are undergoing seismic changes. Considering that geographic, economic, and integration factors contribute to whether a school can provide FL at all—and biased counseling dissuades minoritized students from taking FL—this study asks: has FL education been equitably accessible to all Louisiana high school students who want to pursue it, regardless of race or economic background? To address this question, this paper presents results from two analyses. First, program‐internal equity variables (e.g., [dis]similarity between school‐wide and FL student demographics) were clustered to produce “profiles” of FL programs. Next, a multinomial logistic regression using program‐external factors (e.g., federal funding status, desegregation orders) was conducted to isolate the factors impacting equity. Federal funding and rurality were both found to be significant, with schools receiving federal Title I funds and rural schools being much more likely to exhibit inequitable access to FL courses. In (a) identifying schools with enrollment inequities and (b) the outside factors associated with greater inequity, this paper aims to provide policymakers with empirically based tools to address (in)equity in Louisiana high school FL education. These findings can be especially helpful in light of the state's recent (2023‐2024 school year) expansion of FL requirements to accept computer science courses.
Atmospheric drying and soil drying: Differential effects on grass community composition
Authors: Huynh A. , Aguirre B. A. , English J. , Guzman D. , Wright A. J. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractGlobal surface temperatures are projected to increase in the future; this will modify regional precipitation regimes and increase global atmospheric drying. Despite many drought studies examining the consequences of reduced precipitation, there are few experimental studies exploring plant responses to atmospheric drying via relative humidity and vapor pressure deficit (VPD). We examined eight native California perennial grass species grown in pots in a greenhouse in Los Angeles, California for 34 weeks. All pots were well‐watered for 21 weeks, at which point we reduced watering to zero and recorded daily growth and dormancy for 3 weeks. We used this information to better understand the drought tolerance of our species in a larger soil drying × atmospheric drying experiment. In this larger experiment, we grew all eight species together in outdoor mesocosms and measured changes in community composition after 4 years of growth. Soil drying in our small pot experiment mirrored compositional shifts in the larger experiment. Namely, our most drought‐tolerant species in our pot experiment was Poa secunda, due to a summer dormancy strategy. Similarly, the grass community shifted toward P. secunda in the driest soils as P. secunda was mostly unaffected by either soil drying or atmospheric drying. We found that some species responded strongly to soil drying (Elymus glaucus, Festuca idahoensis, and Hordeum b. californicum), while others responded strongly to atmospheric drying (Bromus carinatus and Stipa cernua). As result, community composition shifted in different and interacting ways in response to soil drying, atmospheric drying, and their combination. Further study of community responses to increasing atmospheric aridity is an essential next step to predicting the future consequences of climate change.