bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fall rates in bifocal, trifocal, and progressive addition lens glasses wearers
Authors: Lord Stephen R. , Ivers Rebecca , Cameron Ian D. , Lee Bonsan B. , Haran Mark 
Published: January 2025

SIGNIFICANCE
The study findings suggest that progressive addition lens glasses increase the risk of falls more than bifocal glasses, possibly due to visual distortions and reduced awareness of distant objects in the lower visual field. Increased awareness of the risks posed by progressive addition lens glasses and training in optimal glasses use may help protect older people from falls.

PURPOSE
There is evidence that wearing multifocal glasses increases the risk of falls in older people, especially when walking on stairs and in unfamiliar settings. However, it is not clear whether all types of multifocal glasses are equally associated with falls. This study comprised a secondary analysis of data from the VISIBLE randomized controlled trial to determine whether fall rates differ among older bifocal, trifocal, and progressive addition lens glasses wearers.

METHODS
Two hundred eighty-one regular wearers of multifocal glasses (mean age, 80.3 years; standard deviation, 6.8 years) who were at increased risk of falls and used multifocal glasses three or more times per week participated in the study. Participants were classified into three groups: bifocal (n = 170), trifocal (n = 33), and progressive addition lens glasses wearers (n = 78). Participants underwent assessments of vision, sensorimotor function and balance (assessed with the Physiological Profile Assessment), Timed Up and Go performance, and activity levels and were then followed up for falls for 13 months.

RESULTS
Two hundred sixty-eight participants (95.4%) were followed up for falls for 6+ months over the following 13 months: 51 bifocal glasses wearers (31.5%) suffered multiple falls compared with 15 trifocal glasses wearers (46.9%) and 33 progressive addition lens glasses wearers (44.6%) (p=0.071). When adjusting for established fall risk factors, participants wearing progressive addition lens glasses had over twice the odds of suffering multiple falls compared with bifocal glasses wearers (odds ratio, 2.23; 95% confidence interval, 1.08 to 4.58).

CONCLUSIONS
These findings suggest that progressive addition lens glasses increase the risk of falls more than bifocal glasses possibly due to visual distortions and reduced awareness of blurred distant objects in the lower visual field. Education of the risks posed by progressive addition lens glasses and training in optimal glasses use may help protect older people from falls.
Topical review: Challenges and solutions for eye care in long-term care
Authors: Anantharaman Divya , Meyer Carly , Keay Lisa , Kumaran Sheela , Dawes Piers 
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND
The prevalence of visual impairment among individuals living in long-term care (LTC) is substantial, yet eye care is often disregarded and inadequately addressed. This neglect contributes to a decline in quality of life for residents. Thus, understanding the challenges faced by stakeholders in providing eye care for residents might suggest opportunities to improve eye health outcomes.

AIM
This study aimed to identify factors influencing access to eye care services in LTC, focusing on key stakeholders including residents, family members, aged care staff, and eye care professionals.

METHODS
We included studies on vision/eye care–related challenges and/or management of eye conditions for people living in LTC facilities. We performed literature searches using Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, PubMed, CINAHL/EBSCO, EMBASE, APA PsycINFO, and Web of Science database. The search was limited to articles in English language, published between January 2013 and September 2023. Factors influencing the vision/eye care for residents were mapped to respective stakeholders, and we visualized how they interacted within the LTC system in providing eye care.

RESULTS
Eleven studies were included in the review. We found that the challenges to appropriate eye care in LTC are present across all stakeholder groups. These challenges include limited awareness of eye health, logistical difficulties in coordinating and managing eye care within LTC settings, and negative beliefs and attitudes toward prioritizing eye care for residents.

CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS
This review highlights that barriers to eye care in LTC communities exist at multiple levels and involve a range of stakeholders. In order to improve eye care, interventions should be at the system level, considering the influence of all key stakeholders rather than employing a targeted approach.
Revised Process for ACNS Guidelines Development
Authors: Quraishi Imran H. , Andrade Edgard , Galloway Gloria , Hyslop Ann , Selioutski Olga , Sinha Saurabh , Arnold Susan T. , Arya Ravindra , Bagić Anto I. , Drislane Frank , Gloss David , Hani Abeer J. , Kobayashi Eliane , Marashly Ahmad , Nuwer Mark R. , Park Jun , Sabau Dragos , San-juan Daniel , Shahid Asim , Skjei Karen , Tatum William O. , Vengrow Michael , Wusthoff Courtney J. 
Published: January 2025

Summary:
The development of clinical practice guidelines is an evolving field. In response to the need for consistent, evidence-based medical practice, the American Clinical Neurophysiology Society identified the need to update the Society's guideline development process. The American Clinical Neurophysiology Society Guidelines Committee created an action plan with the goal of improving transparency and rigor for future guidelines and bringing existing guidelines to current standards. This article provides an overview of the new American Clinical Neurophysiology Society standards for the creation of clinical guidance documents, including clinical guidelines, technical standards, and consensus statements. This process is rooted in the importance of clinical guidance documents and their significance in the context of current behests for updated standards for practicing clinical neurophysiology. The need and rationale for updating the guideline development process from its prior state were described. The updated American Clinical Neurophysiology Society categories for clinical guidance and recommendations were defined and compared. Finally, the new process is summarized, focusing on methodologies, authorship, and conflicts of interest.
Integrate and generate single-cell proteomics from transcriptomics with cross-attention
Authors: Xiong Jiankang , Zheng Shuqiao , Gong Fuzhou , Ma Liang , Wan Lin 
Published: January 2025

AbstractMotivationSingle-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and cellular indexing of transcriptomes and epitopes by sequencing (CITE-seq) have experienced rapid advancements in recent years, accompanied by the development of numerous methods for analyzing scRNA-seq and CITE-seq data. These innovations have enabled deeper insights into cellular heterogeneity and functional phenotypes. However, analyzing scRNA-seq and CITE-seq data within a unified framework remains a significant challenge in the field of single-cell analysis. Specifically, this challenge centers on two primary objectives: aligning scRNA-seq and CITE-seq cells within an integrated representation space and generating antibody-derived tag (ADT) measurements for scRNA-seq cells.ResultsBy incorporating interrelationships between cells into a deep generative model with cross-attention, we introduced scProca to integrate and generate single-cell proteomics from transcriptomics. scProca delivers state-of-the-art performance in both integration and generation tasks across benchmark datasets. Furthermore, scProca can accommodate cells across experimental batches, showcasing its flexibility in complex experimental contexts.AvailabilityThe code of scProca is available athttps://github.com/xiongbiolab/scProca, and replication for this study is available athttps://github.com/ZzzsHuqiaAao/scProca-reproducibility.
Principal Component Analysis of Major Biometric Traits and Indices of Indigenous Sheep Ewe Populations, and Relationships with their Body Weights
Authors: Mekonnen Teweldemedhn , Araya Medhanye , Tesfahun Solomon 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe field data collection was performed before the war (before October 2020) in Tigray Region, Ethiopia. The principal component analysis (PCA) is a grouping of variables or dimension reduction technique. The objective of this study was to characterize and identify the most underlying biometric traits and biometric indices of the indigenous sheep ewe populations, and determine the relationships of morphometric traits and morphometric indices with the body weights of the ewe populations. Sample animals of Begait (160), Rutanna (129) and Arado (156) ewe populations which totaled 445 with permanent pair of incisors (1PPI-4PPI) were randomly involved in the field data collection. Statistical Package for Social Sciences software was used for statistical data analysis. The PCA of the morphometric traits (09) extracted two principal components (PCs) in Begait ewes, two PCs in Rutanna ewes and one PC in Arado ewes, and the PCA of the morphometric indices (20) extracted five PCs in Begait ewes, six PCs in Rutanna ewes and five PCs in Arado ewes. The compact index mainly indicated that Rutanna and Begait ewes are larger in size and suitable for mutton production whilst Arado ewes are suitable for milk production. The correlations among the biometric traits and the body weights of the ewe populations were highly significantly (P<0.01) different except the correlation between body weight and rump length of Rutanna ewes (P<0.05). The biometric indices which consisted of height index, cephalic index, longitudinal pelvic index, height slope, over increase index, body ratio, foreleg length of the three ewe populations and their body weights were with little or no correlations (P>0.05). Genetic characterizations of the indigenous (Begait and Arado) and the transboundary (Rutanna) sheep populations should be complemented to confirm and distinguish the purpose of the populations.
Morphometry and diversity of birds in cocoa agroforestry and silvopastoral systems in the Colombian Amazon
Authors: Reyes-Ramírez Elkin Damián , Díaz-Cháux Jenniffer Tatiana , Velasquez-Valencia Alexander 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe primary cause of deforestation in the Amazon region is extensive traditional cattle ranching, which is considered an important economic activity in several departments of the region, particularly in Caquetá. This research aimed to determine the influence of vegetation cover on the morphometry and diversity of birds in agroforestry systems with cocoa and silvopastoral practices in the Colombian Amazon. Sampling was conducted in eight locations in the Caquetá department using mist nets between January and November 2023. In each location, five effective sampling days were carried out, and for each captured individual, weight and morphometric measurements of the bill, wings, legs, and tail were recorded. Based on the wing measurements, the Kipp’s index was calculated, relating the morphology to the dispersal capacity of the birds. A total of 350 individual birds were recorded, distributed across 77 species and 20 families in the sampled agroforestry systems with cocoa and silvopastoral practices. The Early Brush cover type exhibited the highest richness and abundance, and it was determined that the variation in the morphometric traits of the birds is associated with the type of habitat. The species accumulation curve from the collected mosaics allowed for the documentation and analysis of community richness in these two systems. It was determined that agroforestry systems with cocoa and silvopastoral practices, due to their tree structures simulating a heterogeneous habitat, have the capacity to host many species and are therefore important for the conservation of avifauna. Anthropization and fragmentation of natural habitats exert pressures on birds, leading to modifications in their morphometric traits to adapt to their environmental conditions.
Uniform bacterial genetic diversity along the guts of mice inoculated with human stool
Authors: Wasney Michael , Briscoe Leah , Wolff Richard , Ghezzi Hans , Tropini Carolina , Garud Nandita 
Published: January 2025

AbstractEnvironmental gradients exist throughout the digestive tract, driving spatial variation in the membership and abundance of bacterial species along the gut. However, less is known about the distribution of genetic diversitywithinbacterial species along the gut. Understanding this distribution is important because bacterial genetic variants confer traits important for the functioning of the microbiome and are also known to impart phenotypes to the hosts, including local inflammation along the gut and the ability to digest food. Thus, to be able to understand how the microbiome functions at a mechanistic level, it is essential to understand how genetic diversity is organized along the gut and the ecological and evolutionary processes that give rise to this organization. In this study, we analyzed bacterial genetic diversity of approximately 30 common gut commensals in five regions along the gut lumen in germ-free mice colonized with the same healthy human stool sample. While species membership and abundances varied considerably along the gut, genetic diversity within species was substantially more uniform. Driving this uniformity were similar strain frequencies along the gut, implying that multiple, genetically divergent strains of the same species can coexist within a host without spatially segregating. Additionally, the approximately 60 unique evolutionary adaptations arising within mice tended to sweep throughout the gut, showing little specificity for particular gut regions. Together, our findings show that genetic diversity may be more uniform along the gut than species diversity, which implies that species presence-absence may play a larger role than genetic variation in responding to varied environments along the gut.
CPSF6 Promotes HIV-1 Preintegration Complex Function
Authors: Chaudhuri Evan , Jang Sooin , Chakraborty Rajasree , Radhakrishnan Rajalingam , Arnarson Bjarki , Prakash Prem , Cornish Daphne , Rohlfes Nicholas , Singh Parmit K. , Shi Jiong , Aiken Christopher , Campbell Edward , Hultquist Judd , Engelman Alan N. , Balsubramaniam Muthukumar , Dash Chandravanu 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTCleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor 6 (CPSF6) is part of the cellular cleavage factor I mammalian (CFIm) complex that regulates mRNA processing and polyadenylation. CPSF6 also functions as a HIV-1 capsid (CA) binding host factor and promotes viral DNA integration targeting into gene dense regions of the host genome. However, the effects of CPSF6 on the activity of the HIV-1 preintegration complex (PIC) - the machinery that carries out viral DNA integration to establish infection - is unknown. To study CPSF6’s role in HIV-1 PIC function, we extracted PICs from cells depleted of CPSF6 or expressing a CPSF6 mutant that cannot bind to CA. These PICs exhibited significantly lower integration activity when compared to the control PICs. Addition of recombinant CPSF6 restored the integration activity of PICs extracted from the mutant cells, suggesting a direct role of CPSF6 in PIC function. To solidify CPSF6’s effect on PIC function, we inoculated CPSF6-depleted and CPSF6-mutant cells with HIV-1 particles and measured viral DNA integration into the host genome. A significant reduction in viral integration in these cells was detected and this defect was not a consequence of reduced reverse transcription or nuclear entry. Additionally, mutant viruses deficient in CA-CPSF6 binding showed no integration defect in CPSF6 mutant cells. Finally, sequencing analysis revealed that HIV-1 integration in the CPSF6 mutant cells was significantly redirected from the gene dense regions of the host genome. Collectively, these results suggest that CPSF6-CA interaction regulates PIC function both in vitro and in infected cells.IMPORTANCEHIV-1 infection is dependent on the interaction of the virus with host factors. However, the molecular details of virus-host factor interactions are not fully understood. For instance, HIV-1 capsid provides binding interfaces for several host factors. CPSF6 is one such capsid-binding host factor, whose cellular function is to regulate mRNA processing and polyadenylation. Initial work identified a truncated cytosolic form of CPSF6 that restricted HIV infection by blocking viral nuclear entry. However, it is now established that the full-length CPSF6 primarily promotes integration targeting into gene dense regions of the host genome. Here we report that CPSF6-CA interaction promotes the activity of HIV-1 preintegration complexes (PICs). We also observed that disruption of CPSF6-CA binding in target cells significantly reduced viral integration and directed integration targeting away from gene-dense regions. These findings demonstrate a critical role for the CPSF6-CA interaction in PIC function and integration targeting.
Provider Density and Systemic Contributors to Rural Cardiovascular Disease Mortality in New England
Authors: Krishna Eashwar 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIntroductionRural disparities in cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related mortality may be compounded by limited access to primary care and specialist providers. This study sought to quantify the relationship between CVD-related mortality and the availability of providers in rural and non-rural areas of New England, with consideration of systemic socioeconomic factors.MethodsThirty-day mortality rates for inpatient heart failure (HF) and heart attacks (HA) at 182 hospitals in the New England region from July 1, 2019, to June 30, 2022, were analyzed using data from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Provider density was derived from the Area Health Resource Database. Differences in mortality rates and provider densities between rural and non-rural areas were assessed using ANOVA models. General linear models were employed to explore the relationships between provider density and mortality outcomes, both with and without adjustments for socioeconomic confounders such as median income, median age, poverty, educational attainment, and racial demographics.ResultsRural counties had a significantly lower density of cardiologists than non-rural counties (B = -0.612, p < .001) which persisted when socioeconomic confounders were included in the model (B = 0.418, p = 0.023). A similar effect was not observed for primary care provider (PCP) density. Rural hospitals also exhibited significantly higher 30-day HF mortality rates compared to non-rural hospitals (B = 1.671, p < .001), yet this disparity diminished when structural factors were included in the model (B = 0.161, p = .692). No significant difference in HA mortality rates was observed between rural and non-rural hospitals (B = -0.52, p = .897). Cardiologist density was significantly associated with HF mortality in unadjusted models (B = -0.634, p < .001), but its effect weakened after controlling for confounders (B = -0.298, p = .100). Relationships between PCP density and HA mortality were not significant.ConclusionRural disparities in heart failure mortality in New England persist, likely due in part to insufficient access to cardiologists to provide appropriate long-term care for chronic cardiovascular conditions. There exists a complex intersection between socioeconomic gradients and rurality, underscoring the importance of addressing structural inequities to reduce rural-urban health disparities. Furthermore, greater emphasis needs to be placed on workforce innovations in the recruitment, retention, distribution, and support of rural specialist physicians.
Tiny radio-tag backpacks impact, but do not significantly affect, hummingbird time budgets in captivity
Authors: Sargent Alyssa J. , Fernandes Ana Melisa , Clarkson Aeris E. , Martinez Samantha-Lynn , Coenen Alexandra , Hansell Laney , Talwekar Yash P. , Muñoz-Amaya Miguel A. , Téllez-Colmenares Nicolas , Elting Rosalee , Sun Yutong , Cartwright Olivia A. , Büttner Nicole , Rico-Guevara Alejandro 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundGiven that wildlife tags have recently become miniaturized enough to work with some of the world’s smallest vertebrates, there is a newfound urgency for affordable, field-accessible biologging ethics studies. We designed a 3-hour time-budget experiment to investigate how radio-transmitter backpacks affect hummingbirds’ behavior. Using a large flight arena in Colombia, we individually filmed 25 Black-throated Mangoes (Anthracothorax nigricollis) under two randomized treatments, tagged and untagged, to characterize and quantitatively compare their behavior. We analyzed all videos using the Behavioral Observation Research Interactive Software (BORIS), to create time-budget breakdowns of our key behaviors of interest: flying, feeding, preening, and perching. We also designed an aviary-style “entanglement test” (n = 30) to determine if any individuals would snag on vegetation while equipped with the backpack harness, and tested 6 additional birds in this enclosure overnight for any longer-term negative effects.ResultsAcross duration, number of bouts, and bout length, we found no significant differences in the behavior of individuals (flying, feeding, preening, and perching) when they were or were not tagged. However, the additive effects of treatment number (whether the bird was undergoing its first or second 1.5-hour treatment) and treatment type (tagged or untagged) most accurately predicted time spent flying (birds flew significantly more in their second 1.5-hour treatment). The weight of the bird, meanwhile, best predicted feeding duration (lighter birds fed significantly more). Lastly, the additive effects of time of day and treatment type had the highest predictive accuracy of time spent preening (birds preened significantly more in the afternoon than the morning, and significantly more in the evening than the afternoon); here, the effect of treatment type was highly significant. In our aviary tests, no individuals became entangled in vegetation or exhibited any adverse overnight effects from harness wear.ConclusionsIn our captive study, radio-transmitter backpacks did not significantly affect hummingbird behavior when considered independently; however, additional covariates are essential to account for, and the effects of being in a confined space may also be significant. Nonetheless, our experimental model is relatively straightforward to fine-tune to other small taxa and is suitable for remote conditions, providing a useful basis with which to examine species-specific effects of biologging prior to starting field studies.