bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutritional Value and in vitro Antigiardial Activity of Anise (Pimpinella anisum L.) Seeds
Authors: Alrasheid Ayat Ahmed , Kabbashi Ahmed Saeed , Ali Amar Osman , Alrasheed Amel Ahmed , Kanani Zeinab , Saleh Missa Mohammed , Zengin Gokhan , Ayoub Saad Mohammed Hussein 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe present study focused on evaluating the proximate analysis, mineral composition, and in vitro anti‐giardial activity of Pimpinella anisum seed extracts, which are aromatic plants with a long history of usage in folk and conventional medicine, as well as pharmaceutical manufacturing. Standard methods were used to determine the proximate analysis of the powdered plant sample, including dry matter, ash, fat, protein, fiber, and carbohydrates. The mineral contents of Pimpinella anisum seed were analyzed using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP‐MS), revealing that the plant has a high fiber content (42.62%) followed by carbohydrates (38.79%). The seeds were also found to be a rich source of minerals, with notable amounts of Rubidium, Magnesium, and Calcium. The extracts showed a high mortality percentage compared to Metronidazole, with the chloroform extract exhibiting higher anti‐giardial activity (78.71%) than the ethanolic extract (75.29%) at a concentration of 500 ppm. These findings support the traditional use of Anise in treating gastrointestinal issues and as a natural supplement. Further studies are needed to isolate the active ingredients and understand their mechanism of action.
Students of color experiencing barriers in the financial aid process at an urban community college: A critical race policy analysis
Authors: Graves Devon L. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe financial aid process extends beyond once a student submits the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) application. Scholars have found that the financial aid process can be cumbersome, especially for minoritized students. What is unclear in the literature are the additional hurdles students encounter to obtain financial aid. I conducted interviews with community college students and financial aid staff at an urban community college to better understand these difficulties in the process. I employed critical race policy analysis and whiteness as property to contextualize how financial aid is structured to deter Students of Color from accessing financial aid benefits. The findings allude to communication issues between financial aid staff and students, and students seeking assistance with their financial aid from other campus departments.
Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in a 52‐year‐old patient with porcelain aorta and calcified coronaries: A case report
Authors: Dhungana Reechashree , Sharma Padam , Poudel Chandra Mani , Pandey Anup , Khanal Raja Ram , Shakya Smriti , Gajurel Ratna Mani 
Published: February 2024

Key Clinical MessagePorcelain aorta, characterized by extensive calcification of the aortic wall is often associated with coronary calcification. It can pose an increased risk of thromboembolic complications during interventional and surgical procedures. We present a case of a 52‐year‐old female, a chronic smoker with dyslipidemia with complaints of exertional chest pain for past 6 months. She was diagnosed as a case of non‐ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) with multivessel CAD, with porcelain aorta and calcified coronaries based on abnormal ECG, elevated troponin and coronary angiography findings. Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) was the treatment modality chosen considering the risk of thromboembolism with aortic manipulation during coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Repeat ECG after the procedure showed resolution of ST segment depression. Her hospital stay was uneventful. She was discharged on dual antiplatelet therapy, statin and metoprolol. One‐week follow‐up revealed normal ECG and blood reports, with further outpatient department visits scheduled every 3 months. Porcelain aorta and coronary calcification is a challenging case for cardiologists. PTCA if done meticulously could be preferable to coronary‐artery by‐pass grafting (CABG) in such patients. Despite the risks like aortic rupture and thromboembolic complications, PTCA in a case of multivessel CAD with porcelain aorta and calcified coronaries could be a life‐saving procedure.
Reaction of (N4Py)Fe with H2O2 and the relevance of its Fe(IV)=O species during and after H2O2 disproportionation
Authors: Maurits de Roo C. , Sardjan Andy S. , Postmus Roy , Swart Marcel , Hage Ronald , Browne Wesley R. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe catalytic disproportionation of by non‐heme Fe(II) complexes of H2O2 the ligand N4Py (1,1‐bis(pyridin‐2‐yl)‐N,N‐bis(pyridin‐2‐ylmethyl)methanamine) and the formation and reactivity of Fe(III)‐OOH and Fe(IV)=O species is studied by UV/Vis absorption, NIR luminescence, (resonance) Raman and headspace Raman spectroscopy, 1O2 trapping and DFT methods. Earlier DFT studies indicated that disproportionation of H2O2 catalysed by Fe(II)‐N4Py complexes produce only 3O2, however, only the low‐spin state pathway was considered. In the present study, DFT calculations predict two pathways for the reaction between Fe(III)‐OOH and H2O2, both of which yield 3O2/H2O2 and involve either the S=1/2 or the S=3/2 spin state, with the latter being spin forbidden. The driving force for both pathways are similar, however, a minimal energy crossing point (MECP) provides a route for the formally spin forbidden reaction. The energy gap between the reaction intermediate and the MECP is lower than the barrier across the non‐adiabatic channel. The formation of 3O2 only is confirmed experimentally in the present study through 1O2 trapping and NIR luminescence spectroscopy. However, attempts to use the 1O2 probe (
‐terpinene) resulted in initiation of auto‐oxidation rather than formation of the expected endoperoxide, which indicated formation of OH radicals from Fe(III)‐OOH, e. g., through O−O bond homolysis together with saturation of methanol with 3O2. Microkinetic modelling of spectroscopic data using rate constants determined earlier, reveal that there is another pathway for Fe(III)‐OOH decomposition in addition to competition between the reaction of Fe(III)‐OOH with H2O2 and homolysis to form Fe(IV)=O and hydroxyl radical. Notably, after all H2O2 is consumed the decay of the Fe(III)‐OOH species is predominantly through a second order self reaction (with Fe(III)‐OOH). The conclusion reached is that the rate of O−O bond homolysis in the Fe(III)‐OOH species to form Fe(IV)=O and an hydroxyl radical is too low to be responsible for the observed oxidation of organic substrates.
Current Status and Future Prospects of Kesterite Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4(CZTSSe) Thin Film Solar Cells Prepared via Electrochemical Deposition
Authors: Hwang Sun Kyung , Yoon Joo Ho , Kim Jin Young 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe fabrication of kesterite Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4(CZTSSe) thin‐film solar cells using the electrochemical deposition (ED), which is valued for its industrial feasibility, offers a cost‐effective and environmentally friendly approach to the carbon‐free and clean energy production. However, the reported power conversion efficiency of approximately 10 % for electrodeposited CZTSSe thin‐film solar cells is lower compared to the alternative methods like sputtering and spin‐coating, which is mainly attributed to the phase inhomogeneity and the rough morphology generated during the ED process. Ensuring the microscopic and macroscopic uniformity of the electrodeposited films is crucial for the improvement of the film quality and the device performances. In this review, strategies to address these challenges including the intrinsic film control such as the deposition mode, pH, concentration of metal ions, and complexing agents, as well as the extrinsic approaches such as doping, substitution of metal elements, and the introduction of interfacial layers. In addition, the prospects for the electrochemically deposited CZTSSe solar cells were presented, focusing on the promising applications in tandem, flexible, and solar water‐splitting devices. Finally, this review will provide technical insights into the ED process for preparing CZTSSe solar cells, outlining a perspective for the future development of highly efficient CZTSSe thin film solar cells.
Electrochemical Multicomponent Synthesis of Alkyl Alkenesulfonates using Styrenes, SO2 and Alcohols
Authors: de A. Bartolomeu Aloisio , Breitschaft Florian A. , Schollmeyer Dieter , Pilli Ronaldo A. , Waldvogel Siegfried R. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA novel electrochemical approach to access alkyl alkenesulfonates via a multicomponent reaction was developed. The metal‐free method features easy‐to‐use SO2 stock solution forming monoalkylsulfites from alcohols with an auxiliary base in‐situ. These intermediates serve a dual role as starting materials and as supporting electrolyte enabling conductivity. Anodic oxidation of the substrate styrene, radical addition of these monoalkylsulfites and consecutive second oxidation and deprotonation preserve the double bond and form alkyl β‐styrenesulfonates in a highly regio‐ and stereoselective fashion. The feasibility of this electrosynthetic method is demonstrated in 44 examples with yields up to 81 %, employing various styrenes and related substrates as well as a diverse set of alcohols. A gram‐scale experiment underlines the applicability of this process, which uses inexpensive and readily available electrode materials.
Distinct cellular expression and subcellular localization of Kv2 voltage‐gated K+ channel subtypes in dorsal root ganglion neurons conserved between mice and humans
Authors: Stewart Robert G. , Camacena Miriam , Copits Bryan A. , Sack Jon T. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe distinct organization of Kv2 voltage‐gated potassium channels on and near the cell body of brain neurons enables their regulation of action potentials and specialized membrane contact sites. Somatosensory neurons have a pseudounipolar morphology and transmit action potentials from peripheral nerve endings through axons that bifurcate to the spinal cord and the cell body within ganglia including the dorsal root ganglia (DRG). Kv2 channels regulate action potentials in somatosensory neurons, yet little is known about where Kv2 channels are located. Here, we define the cellular and subcellular localization of the Kv2 paralogs, Kv2.1 and Kv2.2, in DRG somatosensory neurons with a panel of antibodies, cell markers, and genetically modified mice. We find that relative to spinal cord neurons, DRG neurons have similar levels of detectable Kv2.1 and higher levels of Kv2.2. In older mice, detectable Kv2.2 remains similar, while detectable Kv2.1 decreases. Both Kv2 subtypes adopt clustered subcellular patterns that are distinct from central neurons. Most DRG neurons co‐express Kv2.1 and Kv2.2, although neuron subpopulations show preferential expression of Kv2.1 or Kv2.2. We find that Kv2 protein expression and subcellular localization are similar between mouse and human DRG neurons. We conclude that the organization of both Kv2 channels is consistent with physiological roles in the somata and stem axons of DRG neurons. The general prevalence of Kv2.2 in DRG as compared to central neurons and the enrichment of Kv2.2 relative to detectable Kv2.1 in older mice, proprioceptors, and axons suggest more widespread roles for Kv2.2 in DRG neurons.
Evolution of larval gregariousness is associated with host plant specialisation, but not host morphology, in Heliconiini butterflies
Authors: McLellan Callum F. , Montgomery Stephen H. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractInsect herbivores, such as lepidopteran larvae, often have close evolutionary relationships with their host plants, with which they may be locked in an evolutionary arms race. Larval grouping behaviour may be one behavioural adaptation that improves host plant feeding, but aggregation also comes with costs, such as higher competition and limited resource access. Here, we use the Heliconiini butterfly tribe to explore the impact of host plant traits on the evolution of larval gregariousness. Heliconiini almost exclusively utilise species from the Passifloraceae as larval host plants. Passifloraceae display incredible diversity in leaf shape and a range of anti‐herbivore defences, suggesting they are responding to, and influencing, the evolution of Heliconiini larvae. By analysing larval social behaviour as both a binary (solitary or gregarious) and categorical (increasing larval group size) trait, we revisit the multiple origins of larval gregariousness across Heliconiini. We investigate whether host habitat, leaf defences and leaf size are important drivers of, or constraints on, larval gregariousness. Whereas our data do not reveal links between larval gregariousness and the host plant traits included in this study, we do find an interaction between host plant specialisation and larval behaviour, revealing gregarious larvae to be more likely to feed on a narrower range of host plant species than solitary larvae. We also find evidence that this increased specialisation typically precedes the evolutionary transition to gregarious behaviour. The comparatively greater host specialisation of gregarious larvae suggests that there are specific morphological and/or ecological features of their host plants that favour this behaviour.
Induction of a memory‐like CD4+ T‐cell phenotype by airway smooth muscle cells
Authors: Jang Joyce H. , Zhou Michael , Makita Kosuke , Sun Rui , El‐Hajjar Mikal , Fonseca Gregory , Lauzon Anne‐Marie , Martin James G. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn asthma, CD4+ T‐cell interaction with airway smooth muscle (ASM) may enhance its contractile properties and promote its proliferation. However, less is known about the effects of this interaction on T cells. To explore the consequences of interaction of CD4+ T cells with ASM we placed the cells in co‐culture and analyzed the phenotypic and functional changes in the T cells. Effector status as well as cytokine expression was assessed by flow cytometry. An increase in CD45RA−CD45RO+ memory T cells was observed after co‐culture; however, these cells were not more responsive to CD3/28 restimulation. A reduction in mitochondrial coupling and an increase in the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species by CD4+ T cells post‐restimulation suggested altered mitochondrial metabolism after co‐culture. RNA sequencing analysis of the T cells revealed characteristic downregulation of effector T‐cell‐associated genes, but a lack of upregulation of memory T‐cell‐associated genes. The results of this study demonstrate that ASM cells can induce a phenotypic shift in CD4+ T cells into memory‐like T cells but with reduced capacity for activation.
Previtamin D2, vitamin D2, and vitamin D4 amounts in different mushroom species irradiated with ultraviolet (UV) light and occurrence of structurally related photoproducts
Authors: Sommer Katrin , Hillinger Marissa , Vetter Walter 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMushrooms are rich in ergosterol and ergosta‐5,7‐dienol, which can be partly converted into vitamin D2 and D4 through ultraviolet (UV) light exposure. Typically, mushrooms have very low vitamin D contents, but it can be increased by UV irradiation. This process generates additional photoisomers scarcely studied in mushrooms due to analytical challenges. Here, we developed a new solid phase extraction (SPE) method to separate vitamin D2, vitamin D4, and other tri‐ and pentacyclic photoisomers from the much higher abundant ergosterol. Subsequent GC/MS analysis enabled the detection of ten photoisomers in eight UV‐treated mushroom species, including vitamin D2 (previtamin D2, tachysterol2, two suprasterol2 and trans‐vitamin D2 isomers) and vitamin D4 (previtamin D4). Quantitated vitamin D2 contents of 10–540 µg/100 g dry weight agreed well with the sparse literature data available for the investigated mushroom species. In addition, previtamin D2 (nd–1950 µg/100 g dry weight) and vitamin D4 (10–140 µg/100 g dw) were quantified in the samples. The content and photoproduct compositions varied considerably between different mushroom species.Practical applications: The novel SPE method can be applied to study the vitamin D and photoisomer content of mushrooms.
Access to Saturated Aza‐Heterocycles using the Borrowing Hydrogen Methodology
Authors: Jacolot Maïwenn , Popowycz Florence 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBorrowing hydrogen (BH) has reached a wide attention from the chemistry community as a new opportunity to construct efficiently C−N bond (as well as C−C or C−S bond). This straightforward strategy is usually supported by relevant organometallic catalysts, involved in the dehydrogenation‐reduction processes. This concept highlights specifically the application of the borrowing hydrogen to the preparation of saturated aza‐heterocycles (piperidines, pyrrolidines and piperazines) extensively present in high‐added value molecules of pharmaceutical industry over the last 40 years using homogenous catalysis in particular. A focus will be given to the appropriate metals (Ru, Ir and more recently earth‐abundant metals) used for this transformation. An extension to chiral induction in order to prepare enantiopure N‐heterocycles will be also reported.
A defect location method for power cable based on Burg power spectral
Authors: Tang Zhirong , Zhou Kai , Li Yun , Meng Pengfei 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe frequency‐domain reflection (FDR) has been demonstrated to be a trustworthy technique in solving the defect location of power cable by field experiments. However, the location spectrum of the FDR requires manual window smoothing and can be disturbed by spurious peaks. Aiming at these shortcomings of FDR, a new method of cable defect location based on Burg power spectral (BPS) is introduced in this paper. The idea of this method is to use linear difference variance to fit the distribution of reflection coefficient spectrum and build an auto‐regressive (AR) model. The Burg algorithm is employed to estimate the coefficients model and calculate the power distribution of the AR model. Then, the cable defects will be located by BPS with high precision and resolution. In this method, the fast Fourier transform (FFT) with windowed function is replaced by an AR model without windowed function. This suppressed the impact of spurious peaks or spectrum leakage in FFT on the localization defects, and the localization resolution is higher. Finally, we validate the feasibility and effectiveness of BPS through experiments conducted on a 500 m laboratory cable and a 9.6 km submarine cable.
Myoclonus: Differential diagnosis and current management
Authors: Riva Antonella , D'Onofrio Gianluca , Ferlazzo Edoardo , Pascarella Angelo , Pasini Elena , Franceschetti Silvana , Panzica Ferruccio , Canafoglia Laura , Vignoli Aglaia , Coppola Antonietta , Badioni Valeria , Beccaria Francesca , Labate Angelo , Gambardella Antonio , Romeo Antonino , Capovilla Giuseppe , Michelucci Roberto , Striano Pasquale , Belcastro Vincenzo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMyoclonus classically presents as a brief (10–50 ms duration), non‐rhythmic jerk movement. The etiology could vary considerably ranging from self‐limited to chronic or even progressive disorders, the latter falling into encephalopathic pictures that need a prompt diagnosis. Beyond the etiological classification, others evaluate myoclonus' body distribution (i.e., clinical classification) or the location of the generator (i.e., neurophysiological classification); particularly, knowing the anatomical source of myoclonus gives inputs on the observable clinical patterns, such as EMG bursts duration or EEG correlate, and guides the therapeutic choices. Among all the chronic disorders, myoclonus often presents itself as a manifestation of epilepsy. In this context, myoclonus has many facets. Myoclonus occurs as one, or the only, seizure manifestation while it can also present as a peculiar type of movement disorder; moreover, its electroclinical features within specific genetically determined epileptic syndromes have seldom been investigated. In this review, following a meeting of recognized experts, we provide an up‐to‐date overview of the neurophysiology and nosology surrounding myoclonus. Through the dedicated exploration of epileptic syndromes, coupled with pragmatic guidance, we aim to furnish clinicians and researchers alike with practical advice for heightened diagnostic management and refined treatment strategies.Plain Language SummaryIn this work, we described myoclonus, a movement characterized by brief, shock‐like jerks. Myoclonus could be present in different diseases and its correct diagnosis helps treatment.
Impact of salicylic acid and sodium hydrosulfide applied singly or in combination on drought tolerance and grain yield in wheat plants
Authors: Akin Sabri , Kaya Cengiz 
Published: February 2024

AbstractClimate change‐induced drought stress (DS) poses a significant threat to crop production, emphasizing the need for innovative strategies to mitigate its adverse effects. Prior studies have demonstrated the distinct capacities of salicylic acid (SA) and sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) to augment plant resilience against drought‐related stressors. However, little is known about how they work together or the specific processes by which they increase DS tolerance. The purpose of this research was to determine how SA and NaHS affected the performance of wheat plants during the growing seasons of 2021–2022 and 2022–2023, when there was a drought. The research employed a block‐randomized experimental layout with split plots, where the primary factors included two irrigation levels: full irrigation (IW1, 100% of water requirement) and deficit irrigation (IW2, 50% of water requirement). Secondary factors included the application of mock control, 0.5 mM SA, and 0.3 mM NaHS, an H2S donor, either individually or in combination, administered before the onset of DS. The application of SA, NaHS, or their combination significantly enhanced wheat plant resistance to DS. Significant increases in a number of physiological markers, including proline content, relative water content (RWC), Fv/Fm, chlorophyll content, and antioxidant enzyme activity, demonstrated this improvement. Furthermore, in drought‐stressed wheat plants, SA and NaHS treatments decreased the amounts of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and electrolyte leakage (EL). In conclusion, our study highlights the possibility of SA and NaHS, whether applied individually or in combination, to improve drought resistance in wheat plants, presenting a viable approach to lessen the effects of climate change on agricultural yield.