bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elusive mother country: The literature of the Indian-Caribbean Windrush
Authors: Kaladeen Maria del Pilar 
Published: January 2024

The recent commemorations in 2018 and 2023, of the 70th and 75th anniversary of the arrival of the Empire Windrush at Tilbury Docks, have prompted a deeper engagement with the history of post-war migration from the Caribbean to the ‘motherland’. As public awareness of the economic contribution the Windrush Generation (1948–1971) made to Britain grows, there is also an increasing curiosity in the artistic output of this community and their descendants.
However, when museums and cultural institutions choose to engage with the history of the Windrush Generation and its influence, such representations focus on Black Britain and a celebration of the African-Caribbean presence; little or no acknowledgment is given to the community of Indian-Caribbean heritage, who also formed part of the Windrush Generation. Frequently for example, art exhibitions, book lists and musical celebrations ignore the Indian-Caribbean presence with the UK’s Guardian newspaper recently publishing an article entitled ‘Windrush at 75: books that shaped the black British experience’ (author’s italics).In this article I seek to analyze the literary contribution made by writers of Indian-Caribbean heritage, who were part of the Windrush Generation. From Sam Selvon, the author of the classic Windrush novel The Lonely Londoners to lesser-known writers such as Lakshmi Persaud and Elly Niland, I argue that Indian-Caribbean writers have complicated the binaries of the current Windrush narrative and have perhaps been afforded less consideration as a result. My aim in this article is to offer a preliminary analysis of the literary odyssey of Indian-Caribbean writers during this period
Ultraviolet pulse compression via cross-phase modulation in a hollow-core fiber
Authors: Jiang Yujiao , Messerschmidt John Pascal , Scheiba Fabian , Tyulnev Igor , Wang Lu , Wei Zhiyi , Rossi Giulio Maria 
Published: January 2024

The generation of few-femtosecond pulses with high energy and tunable spectrum in the ultraviolet region is an ongoing challenge in ultrafast optics. Harnessing the cross-phase modulation between an intense near-infrared pulse and its third-harmonic, co-propagating in a gas-filled hollow-core fiber, we demonstrate spectral tuning, broadening, and temporal compression in the ultraviolet range. Ultraviolet pulses with negative chirp, leading to self-compression down to 6 fs during propagation in air, and energy >10µJ were characterized. This technique opens a way towards the realization of few-fs pulses with high energy, tunable over most of the ultraviolet range.
Erasing Liberia and African “Moderates” from Contemporary Pan-African and

Anti-Colonial Discourses
Authors: Toe Samuel 
Published: January 2024

This is a debate essay intended intended for the Roape's Debate section:
In this debate essay I sound the alarm on Liberia's and African "moderates' " accelerated erasure from contemporary discourses of Pan-Africanism and Africa's anti-colonial struggles.Reflected most recently in essays appearing in the special issue of Logos-based

The Republic
Magazine (2023) and Adom Getachew's book
Worldmaking African Empire(2019), I suggest that the impact this omission is present one-sided protraitof the Pan-African movement and to obfuscatethe divergent legacies of revolutionary resistance and diplomatic moderation inherent in anti-racial, anto-slave and anti-colonail struggles of the last three centuries.
Esophageal Cicatricial Pemphigoid
Authors: Udemba Sharon , Burkholder Ryan , Raja Fnu , Kurin Michael S. 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
Cicatricial pemphigoid (CP) is a rare autoimmune blistering disorder, which affects the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. The annual incidence of CP is 1/100,000. Esophageal involvement is rare and usually occurs in disseminated disease. Esophageal disease presents with dysphagia and weight loss and can be difficult to treat. We present a case of a 65-year-old woman with esophageal CP whose symptoms improved with esophageal dilatation and rituximab infusions.
A Novel Home for Hemangiomas: Sclerosing Hemangioma in the Pancreas
Authors: Tidwell Jasmine , Thakkar Bianca , Nguyen Minh Thu T. , Zakko Liam , Potashinsky Alexander , Parker Susan 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
Pancreatic hemangiomas, predominantly in female patients, are rare benign vascular tumors. We report a unique case of an incidentally discovered pancreatic sclerosing hemangioma. The patient's clinical presentation and imaging were concerning for an abdominal mass. Endoscopic ultrasound and histopathology confirmed the pancreatic sclerosing hemangioma. Because there were no complications, surgery was not performed, and the patient was monitored. Biopsy confirmation is crucial to rule out malignancy and avoid unnecessary surgical resection.
Deep Learning in High-Resolution Anoscopy: Assessing the Impact of Staining and Therapeutic Manipulation on Automated Detection of Anal Cancer Precursors
Authors: Saraiva Miguel Mascarenhas , Spindler Lucas , Fathallah Nadia , Beaussier Hélene , Mamma Célia , Quesnée Mathilde , Ribeiro Tiago , Afonso João , Carvalho Mariana , Moura Rita , Andrade Patrícia , Cardoso Hélder , Adam Julien , Ferreira João , Macedo Guilherme , de Parades Vincent 
Published: January 2024

Introduction:
High-resolution anoscopy (HRA) is the gold standard for detecting anal squamous cell cancer (ASCC) precursors. Preliminary studies on the application of artificial intelligence (AI) models to this modality have revealed promising results. However, the impact of staining techniques and anal manipulation on the effectiveness of these algorithms has not been evaluated. We aimed to develop a deep learning system for automatic differentiation of high (HSIL) versus low-grade (LSIL) squamous intraepithelial lesions in HRA images in different subsets of patients (non-stained, acetic acid, lugol, and after manipulation).

Methods:
A convolutional neural network (CNN) was developed to detect and differentiate high and low-grade anal squamous intraepithelial lesions based on 27,770 images from 103 HRA exams performed in 88 patients. Subanalyses were performed to evaluate the algorithm’s performance in subsets of images without staining, acetic acid, lugol, and after manipulation of the anal canal. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive and negative predictive values, and area under the curve (AUC) were calculated.

Results:
The CNN achieved an overall accuracy of 98.3%. The algorithm had a sensitivity and specificity of 97.4% and 99.2%, respectively. The accuracy of the algorithm for differentiating HSIL vs LSIL varied between 91.5% (post-manipulation) and 100% (lugol) for the categories at subanalysis. The AUC ranged between 0.95 and 1.00.

Discussion:
The introduction of AI to HRA may provide an accurate detection and differentiation of ASCC precursors. Our algorithm showed excellent performance at different staining settings. This is extremely important as real-time AI models during HRA exams can help guide local treatment or detect relapsing disease.
Trends in Detection of Adenoma and Sessile Serrated Lesions Over a Decade in a Community-Based Healthcare System
Authors: Liang Su-Ying , Oscarson Brandon , Kenkare Pragati , Yan Sherry X. , Mudiganti Satish , Martinez Meghan C. , Huang Edward S. 
Published: January 2024

INTRODUCTION:
Adenoma detection rate (ADR) is an accepted benchmark for screening colonoscopy. Factors driving ADR and its relationship with sessile serrated lesions detection rate (SSLDR) over time remain unclear. We aim to explore patient, physician, and procedural influences on ADR and SSLDR trends.

METHODS:
Using a large healthcare system in northern California from January 2010 to December 2020, a total of 146,818 screening colonoscopies performed by 33 endoscopists were included. ADR and SSLDR were calculated over time using natural language processing. Logistic regression was used to calculate the odd ratios of patient demographics, physician attributes, and procedural details over time.

RESULTS:
Between 2010 and 2020, ADR rose from 19.4% to 44.4%, whereas SSLDR increased from 1.6% to 11.6%. ADR increased by 2.7% per year (95% confidence interval 1.9%–3.4%), and SSLDR increased by 1.0% per year (95% confidence interval 0.8%–1.2%). Higher ADR was associated with older age, male sex, higher body mass index, current smoker, higher comorbidities, and high-risk colonoscopy. By contrast, SSLDR was associated with younger age, female sex, white race, and fewer comorbidities. Patient and procedure characteristics did not significantly change over time (P-interaction >0.05). Longer years in practice and male physician were associated with lower ADR and SSLDR in 2010, but significantly attenuated over time (P-interaction <0.05).

DISCUSSION:
Both ADR and SSLDR have increased over time. Patient and procedure factors did not significantly change over time. Male endoscopist and longer years in practice had lower initial ADR and SSLDR, but significantly lessened over time.
On the use of low-frequency passive seismic as a direct hydrocarbon indicator: A case study at Banyubang oil field, Indonesia
Authors: Priyono Awali , Ry Rexha Verdhora , Nugraha Andri Dian , Lesmana Aditya , Prabowo Billy S. , Husni Yayan M. , Ardianto A. , Witarsa Nyoman , Sutan Buyung I. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Low-frequency passive seismic (LFPS), discussed in recent years, has emphasized a strong correlation between the spectral properties and the presence of hydrocarbon reservoirs. While the theoretical background supporting this phenomenon is still debated, its application has been popular in Indonesia and exposes broad possibilities for exploration. In this study, we conducted a survey at an oil field in Central Java, Indonesia, investigating the case of using this technique as a direct hydrocarbon indicator (DHI). In spatial and temporal measurements, we examined the hydrocarbon-related energy above the reservoir boundary based on several attributes of passive seismic recordings: polarization, power spectral density (PSD), and vertical-to-horizontal spectral ratio (VHSR). We address some issues: (1) the anomalies are not always vertically polarized, so the use of VHSR is unlikely to be reliable; and (2) the anomalies are getting amplified during days, so in anomalies mapping, normalizing the amplification requires calibration. Regardless, LFPS is still applicable in quantifying hydrocarbon-related energy. We recommend using PSD as a primary spectral attribute for DHI. In addition, it is also critical to synchronize the measurements at different sites to obtain an unbiased quantification of hydrocarbon-related energy.
Little Samaritan Brothers: Crowdsourcing Voter Surveillance
Authors: Ben-David Anat 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Voter surveillance for digital campaigning is perceived as enacted from above. Political parties are “all-seeing actors” combining access to the Voters’ Registry with digital tools to maximize voter turnout. At the same time, new forms of lateral surveillance emerge as citizens voluntarily participate in the data collection process to help political parties achieve their electoral goals. This article examines the reconfiguration of the concepts of crowdsourcing and political participation through the use of voter-surveillance applications. Theoretically, it explores how crowdsourced voter surveillance (CVS) builds on the emancipatory rhetoric of political participation and crowdsourcing while relying on social, technical, and political surveillance infrastructures. Empirically, it maps the information flows and knowledge hierarchies afforded by Elector, a CVS app used by the Likud party in the Israeli election of March 2020. The findings indicate that contrary to the logic of crowdsourcing as democratizing knowledge and participation, CVS cultivates controlled individuals and normalizes lateral surveillance as a ritualistic and desired form of political participation. The article therefore describes the type of political action that CVS constructs as Little Samaritan Brothers: citizens who collectively resign their rights and the rights of their peers for the party’s success.
Radiative cooling: arising from practice and in turn serving practice
Authors: Zhang Quan , Rao Zhonghao , Ma Rujun 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Radiative cooling, as a renewable cooling technology, is expected to mitigate growing global warming. However, the barrier when promoting radiative cooling from the laboratory to practice is still a blind spot and needs to be discussed right now. Here, on the basis of review for brief history, we propose a developing thread that the studies on radiative cooling arise from practice and in turn serves practice at the end. This perspective orderly elaborates fundamental limit in theory, realization of spectral-selective materials, practice on criteria for cooling performance, challenges and corresponding possible solutions in practice, and focusing on serving practice. We hope that the criticism for our own opinion could trigger researchers to deeply consider how to make achievement of radiative cooling better serving practice in the future.
Predictors of diagnosed cardiovascular diseases and their spatial heterogeneity in Lagos State, Nigeria
Authors: Addie Oluwaseun , John Taiwo Olalekan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) persist as the foremost global cause of death despite persistent efforts to comprehend the risk factors associated with them. Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are disproportionately affected, bearing a high burden of CVD morbidity and mortality. Nevertheless, the intricate socio-spatial landscape that could yield new insights into CVD incidence within LMICs like Nigeria has not received sufficient attention. This study aimed to determine the predictors of CVDs in a megacity in one of the LMICs and investigate their spatial heterogeneity. The study acquired and appropriately geocoded hospital records of patients clinically diagnosed with CVDs between 2008 and 2018 from a tertiary healthcare facility. Stepwise regression and geographically weighted regression were employed to identify predictors of CVDs and investigate their patterns. The study’s findings revealed that gender emerged as the primary predictor of diagnosed CVDs. Consequently, the study underscores the importance of focusing on the female population in efforts to control and prevent CVDs while advocating for the formulation and implementation of spatially sensitive policies and interventions.
Numerical analysis of dengue transmission model using Caputo–Fabrizio fractional derivative
Authors: Alshehry Azzh Saad , Yasmin Humaira , Khammash Ahmed A. , Shah Rasool 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This study demonstrates the use of fractional calculus in the field of epidemiology, specifically in relation to dengue illness. Using noninteger order integrals and derivatives, a novel model is created to examine the impact of temperature on the transmission of the vector–host disease, dengue. A comprehensive strategy is proposed and illustrated, drawing inspiration from the first dengue epidemic recorded in 2009 in Cape Verde. The model utilizes a fractional-order derivative, which has recently acquired popularity for its adaptability in addressing a wide variety of applicable problems and exponential kernel. A fixed point method of Krasnoselskii and Banach is used to determine the main findings. The semi-analytical results are then investigated using iterative techniques such as Laplace-Adomian decomposition method. Computational models are utilized to support analytical experiments and enhance the credibility of the results. These models are useful for simulating and validating the effect of temperature on the complex dynamics of the vector–host interaction during dengue outbreaks. It is essential to note that the research draws on dengue outbreak studies conducted in various geographic regions, thereby providing a broader perspective and validating the findings generally. This study not only demonstrates a novel application of fractional calculus in epidemiology but also casts light on the complex relationship between temperature and the dynamics of dengue transmission. The obtained results serve as a foundation for enhancing our understanding of the complex interaction between environmental factors and infectious diseases, leading the way for enhanced prevention and control strategies to combat global dengue outbreaks.
Corrosion behavior of Q345 steel in a simulated industrial atmosphere
Authors: Du K. , Zhang Z. , You S. , Zuo X. , Zheng B. , Ren Y. , Sun L. , Zheng W. , Huang H. , Yuan X. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The corrosion process of Q345 steel in simulated industrial atmospheric surroundings using NaHSO3 as the corrosion medium was performed. Corrosion weight loss, X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were utilized to investigate the corrosion behavior of Q345 steel samples at various corrosion times. The results indicate that, in the industrial atmospheric acceleration system, the corrosion law of Q345 steel follows an exponential function model and that as the corrosion period lengthens, the rate of corrosion declines steadily. γ-FeOOH, α-FeOOH, Fe3O4, Fe3O2, and FeO make up the majority of the corrosion products on the surface of rust layer, and the rust layer structure is generally loose in the first stages of corrosion. As the corrosion time lengthens, the corrosion products transform from needle-like to cluster-like and the rust layer will become thicker. In addition, there is a segregation of the elements Cr, S, and O in the rust layer of Q345 steel.
Study on the properties of branched-chain alkyl glycoside nonionic surfactant and anionic surfactant in a mixed system
Authors: Li Jiahao , Bai Liang , Yang Xiuquan , Qi Yunqin , Zhou Yuan , Wu Zhiyu , Qin Ziyu 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The surface activity, intermolecular interactions and thermodynamic parameters of a mixture of a nonionic surfactant (branched-chain alkyl glycoside (IG-10)) and an anionic surfactant (alcohol ether carboxylic acid (90H)) were investigated and the wetting, emulsifying and foaming properties of the mixed system were also evaluated. The results show that there is a mutual attraction at the mixed micelles and gas/liquid interfaces formed by the two surfactants. The thermodynamic parameters show that the formation of mixed micelles from two different surfactants is a non-ideal process. In terms of application performance, the wetting ability and foaming properties of the mixed system showed good synergistic effects, with the wetting time of the mixed system being shorter than that of the two single surfactant systems and the foam stability being weaker than that of the single system. The best emulsifying capacity was obtained when the mass fraction of 90H was 50 %.
The hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis is intact in male Irs4 knockout mice
Authors: Brûlé Emilie , Zhou Xiang , Wang Ying , Buddle Evan R S , Ongaro Luisina , Loka Mary , Boelen Anita , Bernard Daniel J 
Published: January 2024

Objective
Loss of function mutations in the insulin receptor substrate 4 (IRS4) gene cause a rare form of X-linked congenital central hypothyroidism in boys and men. Affected individuals show decreased thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion. Members of the IRS family canonically act as scaffold proteins between tyrosine kinase receptors and downstream effectors. How loss of IRS4 affects TSH synthesis or secretion is unresolved. We therefore assessed IRS4’s role in the hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis of Irs4 knockout mice.

Methods
We generated two global Irs4 knockout mouse lines harboring either two or four base-pair deletions that result in frameshifts and loss of most of the IRS4 protein.

Results
Under normal laboratory conditions, Irs4 knockout males did not exhibit impairments in pituitary expression of TSH subunit genes (Tshb or Cga) or in the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) receptor. Additionally, their serum thyroid hormone, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4), and hypothalamic Trh expression levels were normal. When Irs4 knockouts were rendered hypothyroid with a low-iodine diet supplemented with propylthiouracil for 3 weeks, their serum TSH increased similarly to wild-type males.

Conclusion
Overall, Irs4 knockout mice do not exhibit central hypothyroidism or otherwise appear to phenocopy IRS4 deficient patients. Compensation by another IRS protein may explain euthyroidism in these animals.
A preliminary assessment of the length-weight relationship and condition factor of Hydrocynus vittatus and Oreochromis niloticus in Lake Kariba, Zimbabwe
Authors: Mabika Nyasha , Gwazani Rachel , Chipumuro Musara , Zengeya Tsitsi , Sawunyama Lawrence 
Published: January 2024

Background: Hydrocynus vittatus and Oreochromis niloticus are two economically important fish species in Zimbabwe. The length-weight relation can be employed to assess the health and well-being of fish so as to assist fish farmers. The objective of the study was to investigate the length-weight relationship and condition factor of these fish species.
Methods: Thirty-four fish of each species (Hydrocynus vittatus and Oreochromis niloticus) were collected by seine netting in the Sanyati Basin, Lake Kariba in August 2019. The total length (TL) and standard length (SL) were measured in centimetre (cm), and the body weight (BW) was measured in grams (g). The body weight (BW) was measured using a digital top-loading electronic weighing balance.
Results: The value of the exponent b in the LWR for H. vittatus was 2.984, indicating negative allometry (b<3). The exponent value of O. niloticus in the LWR was 3.04 (b>3) implying positive allometry. The r2 values for H. vittatus and O. niloticus were 92.3% and 97.3% respectively, indicating that there was a high degree of positive correlation. The condition factor for both fish species were greater than 1.60 implying good physiological conditions for both fish species.
Conclusions: This study provides preliminary information on length-weight parameters of O. niloticus whose data was previously not available in the take.
DOUBLE PUNISHMENT IN THE WAITING TIME FOR DEATH PENALTY: A STUDY OF HUMAN RIGHTS PROTECTION IN INDONESIA
Authors: Sidabukke Sahat Marulitua 
Published: January 2024

<p><span>In Indonesia, until 2022 there were 428 people who have been sentenced with death penalty by anaesthetics and were still waiting for their execution to be carried out. Among those people, 101 have been sitting in the death row for more than 10 years. This means that those who are sentenced to death by the court (<em>inkracht van gewijsde</em>) were imprisoned for life until their execution. They had to carry out two kinds of punishments, <em>videlicet</em> death penalty and imprisonment. There is a lengthy waiting time, which results in the neglect of death row convicts' rights. This is a normative juridical research with data collected through literature study, court decision analysis, and concept test in focus group discussion attended by Supreme Prosecutor, Supreme Court, National Narcotics Agency, State Police of Republic of Indonesia and National Commission of Human Rights. The result of this research shows that such waiting period creates distrust between judicial institutions. It also creates uncertainty and becomes a loophole for death row inmates to apply for unlimited legal remedies which causes delay of the execution of the death penalty. On the other hand, the role of the Public Prosecutor as the executioner of death penalty is not yet optimal. Because of the two reasons above (legal remedies and political will), they worry about potentially being considered as violating human rights. </span></p>