bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge acquisition in science and the blurred boundary between perception and cognition
Authors: Bryce T. G. K. , Blown E. J. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis paper provides a critical and detailed study of what researchers in the fields of contemporary cognition and neuroscience have revealed about the blurred boundary between perception and cognition. We set out the arguments with a view to what researchers and teachers should now consider regarding the subtleties of their interrelationship in children's learning, and how individuals may be better helped to grasp difficult ideas. The analysis spotlights children's cosmologies in science education—their acquisition of ideas in basic astronomy concerning the Earth, Sun, Moon and so forth—and we use illustrative examples drawn from our own research to emphasise the implications of what perceiving and cognising actually mean. The role of carefully exercised Socratic dialogue as part of a constructivist approach to learning lies at the core of our deliberations.
Histidine Tags in Human Recombinant Alpha B‐Crystallin (HSPB5) Proteins Are Detrimental for Zinc Binding Studies
Authors: Karmakar Srabani , Das K. P. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe stability of α‐crystallin, the major protein of the mammalian eye lens and a molecular chaperone, is one of the most crucial factors for its survival and function. The chaperone‐like activity and stability of α‐crystallin dramatically increased in the presence of Zn2. Each subunit of α‐crystallin could bind multiple zinc atoms through inter‐subunit bridging and cause enhanced stability. Three histidines H104, H111, and H119 of recombinant human αB‐crystallin (HSPB5) are found to be the Zn2+ binding residues. In this article, we did site‐directed mutagenesis of six histidine residues and made five‐point mutants and a double mutant of αB‐crystallin. We studied the effect of zinc on the chaperone function, surface hydrophobicity, and stability of the histidine mutants. We removed the histidine tag from H18A and H101V mutants and studied the stability and chaperone function in the presence and absence of zinc. H83 and H111 mutations showed similar enhancement in chaperone function like WT in the presence of Zn2+. Point mutants having his tags showed similar stability enhancement, but point mutant H18A without his tag showed less enhancement in stability in the presence of zinc. This indicates the significance of the presence of his tags in the study of zinc binding interaction with recombinant human αB‐crystallin.
Metagenomics education in a modular CURE format positively affects students' scientific discovery perception and data analytical skills
Authors: Morsink M. C. , van Schaik E. N. , Bossers K. , Duijker D. A. , Speksnijder A. G. C. L. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractTargeted metagenomics is a rapidly expanding technology to analyze complex biological samples and genetic monitoring of environmental samples. In this research field, data analytical aspects play a crucial role. In order to teach targeted metagenomics data analysis, we developed a 4‐week inquiry‐driven modular course‐based undergraduate research experience (mCURE) using publicly available Australian coral microbiome DNA sequencing data and associated metadata. Since an enormous amount of metadata was provided alongside the DNA sequencing data, groups of students were able to develop their own authentic research questions. Throughout the course, the student groups worked on these research questions and were supported with bioinformatics and statistics lessons. Additionally, practical aspects of data collection and analysis were addressed during hands‐on field work on a nearby Dutch beach. Evaluation of the course indicated that the majority of students (1) achieved the intended metagenomics‐based learning outcomes and (2) experienced scientific discovery while working on their research projects. In conclusion, the huge amount of data and metadata available in the coral microbiome data set facilitated the development of a strongly inquiry‐driven course. Different groups of students were able to develop and conduct their own distinct microbiome research projects and our current mCURE format positively affected students' metagenomics data analytical skills and scientific discovery perception.
Unlocking Synergies: Sufficiency Economy Philosophy for Sustainability
Authors: Treepongkaruna Sirimon , Sarajoti Pattarake , Korphaibool Veerawin 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe 2030 Agenda, represented by the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), signifies a global commitment to peace, prosperity, and sustainability. However, the lack of a unified strategy has slowed progress, raising concerns about meeting the 2030 deadline. Thailand's progress toward the SDGs has been influenced by various factors, including the role of the Sufficiency Economy Philosophy (SEP). This study uses corporate‐level data and Refinitiv ESG ratings as proxies for sustainability performance to assess the impact of SEP score, as a proxy for SEP disclosure, on corporate sustainability. We find that Thai firms with higher SEP scores tend to exhibit better sustainability performance, especially in the environmental and governance dimensions. Our analyses reveal a causal relationship between SEP scores and corporate sustainability performance, with a one standard deviation increase in the SEP score leading to a 35% increase in sustainability performance. The findings support our hypothesis that SEP fosters stakeholder engagement and long‐term value creation while aligning corporate strategies with sustainability goals, thereby contributing to the SDGs. Furthermore, the SEP score serves as a nonfinancial indicator that signals a firm's commitment to sustainability strategies.
A Multi‐Model Approach for Attention Prediction in Gaming Environments for Autistic Children
Authors: Valarmathi P. , Packialatha A. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurological condition that affects an individual's mental development. This research work implements a multimodality input‐based virtual reality (VR)‐enabled attention prediction approach in gaming for children with autism. Initially, the multimodal inputs such as face image, electroencephalogram (EEG) signal, and data are individually processed by both the preprocessing and feature extraction procedures. Subsequently, a hybrid classification model with classifiers such as improved deep convolutional neural network (IDCNN) and long short term memory (LSTM) is utilized in expression detection by concatenating the resultant features obtained from the feature extraction procedure. Here, the conventional deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) approach is improved by a novel block‐knowledge‐based processing with a proposed sine‐hinge loss function. Finally, an improved weighted mutual information process is employed in attention prediction. Moreover, this proposed attention prediction model is analyzed by simulation and experimental analyses. The effectiveness of the proposed model is significantly proved by the experimental results obtained from various analyses.
Silencing of O‐GlcNAc transferase attenuated O‐GlcNAcylation and metastatic potentials of melanoma cells through suppression of Akt‐NFkB signaling pathway
Authors: Kanchanangkul Nopkamol , Panawan Orasa , Teeravirote Karuntarat , Ma-In Prasertsri , Mahalapbutr Panupong , Luang Sukanya , Seubwai Wunchana , Lert-itthiporn Worachart , Kaewkong Worasak , Vaeteewoottacharn Kulthida , Wongkham Sopit , Roytrakul Sittiruk , Silsirivanit Atit 
Published: January 2025

O‐GlcNAcylation is an important biological process in regulating the function of many nucleocytoplasmic proteins in cells. Enhancement of O‐GlcNAcylation was associated with cancer development and progression. Here, we demonstrated the involvement of O‐GlcNAcylation in melanoma metastasis. Using the data from GEO database, we found that O‐GlcNAcylation and its related enzymes, including glutamine fructose‐6‐phosphate amidotransferase (GFAT), O‐GlcNAc transferase (OGT), and O‐GlcNAcase (OGA); were elevated in metastatic melanoma compared with primary tumors and normal tissues. Functional analyses in melanoma cell lines‐‐MNT‐1, SK‐MEL‐28, and A‐375 showed that suppression of O‐GlcNAcylation by siRNA against OGT significantly reduces the migration and invasion abilities of the cells. Phosphorylation of Akt and NFkB was drastically suppressed after knockdown of OGT, suggesting the role of O‐GlcNAcylation in regulating the Akt‐NFkB signaling pathway. In addition, we found that the NFkB target genes, such as ZEB‐2 and MCT‐1, were significantly upregulated in metastatic tumors compared with primary tumors. MCT‐1 expression in melanoma tissues was also correlated with O‐GlcNAcylation level. Taken together, we have demonstrated in this study the possible role of O‐GlcNAcylation in controlling melanoma metastasis via upregulating MCT‐1 expression through activation of Akt‐NFkB signaling pathway.
Copper Depletion in Tumors Boosts Immunotherapy
Authors: Liu Yuge , Nafees Muhammad , Hanif Muhammad 
Published: January 2025

AbstractCopper depletion is being billed as a viable approach for cancer treatment. Vittorio and co‐workers successfully demonstrated that Cuprior, an FDA‐approved drug that binds with copper, effectively enhances anti‐GD2 immunotherapy and improves the responses for neuroblastoma patients. These findings highlight the important role of copper chelation in modulating the tumor microenvironment. This study presented a novel approach to potentiate immunotherapies for neuroblastoma patients, warranting further investigations into copper depletion as a potential adjuvant therapy for other tumors.
Experimentelle Untersuchung zum Brechen und Trennen von Kakaobohnen
Authors: Lörcher Marc , Steinke Philipp , Grimm Philipp , Spiller Björn , Kwade Arno 
Published: January 2025

ZusammenfassungDie Entschalung von Kakaobohnen wird durch die drei mechanischen Grundoperationen Brechen, Sieben und Sichten realisiert. Bei der August Storck KG werden unterschiedliche Anlagen für den Entschalungsprozess eingesetzt. In der folgenden Arbeit werden zwei Anlagen hinsichtlich der verfahrenstechnischen Prozesse analysiert, gegenübergestellt und die jeweiligen Vor‐ und Nachteile erläutert. Der Erfolg der Entschalungsanlagen wird über zwei Qualitätsgrößen bestimmt: Der Schalenanteil im Produktstrom dient der Qualitätsbewertung und der Nibanteil (als Nibanteil werden zerkleinerte Kakaokerne ohne Schale bezeichnet, die in geringen Mengen im Schalenstrom enthalten sind) im Schalenstrom ist ein Maß für die Ausbeute und die Wirtschaftlichkeit.
Direct Air Capture via Counter‐Current NaOH Absorption System: Evolution of pH for Subsequent Plasma‐Enhanced CO₂ Utilization
Authors: Seithümmer Valentin Benedikt , Dubiel Christoph , Kaufmann Samuel Jaro , Chinnaraj Haripriya , Rößner Paul , Birke Kai Peter 
Published: January 2025

AbstractDirect air capture (DAC) technologies offer a promising approach to mitigate anthropogenic climate change by enabling net negative emissions. CO2 absorption using NaOH represents an efficient solution within the proposed BlueFire carbon cycle, which integrates DAC with plasma technology for syngas production. Optimizing a DAC plant control relies on understanding the pH profile as a key parameter. A bubble column absorption model with pure CO2 was experimentally adapted for a counter‐current flow setup with ambient air, reproducing a staged pH decrease. An optimal absorption endpoint was determined by identifying the maximum slope of the pH decline, indicating high reaction progress. X‐ray diffraction analysis of the absorption products validated the theoretical model of carbonate formation.
EMDR Interventions in Refugees and Asylum Seekers: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Antuña‐Camblor Celia , Hernández Víctor Tejedor 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBoth refugees and asylum seekers exhibit poorer mental health and higher rates of mental disorders, particularly posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), for which EMDR therapy has been shown to be effective. This review analyses the efficacy of EMDR in reducing PTDS in refugees or asylum seekers using randomized controlled studies (RCTs). A systematic review and meta‐analysis published in PROSPERO (CRD42024595506) using the databases PubMed, PsycINFO and Web of Science were conducted. The authors independently reviewed the articles to maintain double blind. A total of 10 articles met the criteria for inclusion. The analysis of these studies revealed that a nonsignificant effect of EMDR on PTSD symptoms was observed at the end of the intervention period and the effect sizes reflect interaction effects between treatment/control over time on outcome, and these represent changes over time. It should be interpreted with awareness of the potential limitations introduced by excluding other study designs due to heterogeneity.
Administration Studies in Equine Antidoping Research: Designing Scientific Investigations to Effectively Direct Medication Control in Racehorses
Authors: Knych Heather K. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTPharmacokinetics is the study of the movement of drug in the body and includes the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. Pharmacodynamics is the pharmacologic effect of the drug on the body. The pharmacokinetics of a drug determines its pharmacologic effect. Pharmacokinetic studies describe drug concentrations while pharmacodynamics allow for assessment of drug effects. Combined pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic studies allow for integration of drug concentrations with pharmacologic effect. Data generated from pharmacokinetic studies can be especially useful in establishing regulatory recommendations, determining appropriate thresholds, screening limits, administrative stand down times, and corresponding detection times. To generate the appropriate information, the following must be considered (1) the test subjects (i.e., number, age, breed, and fitness level), (2) selection of an appropriate dose/route and duration of administration, (3) sample matrix (blood, urine, and hair), (4) time(s) of sample collection, (5) development of an analytical method with appropriate sensitivity, and (6) what analytes to measure (parent and/or metabolite). Pharmacokinetic studies generate drug concentration data that can be used to calculate key pharmacokinetic variables necessary for establishing screening levels and detection times. Pharmacodynamic assessments can aid in understanding the pharmacologic effects of drugs and in correlating drug concentrations to these effects. Various models, including in vivo (whole animal), in vitro, and ex vivo assessments, can be utilized to determine pharmacodynamic effects. Factors to consider in the design of pharmacokinetic studies, basic pharmacokinetic parameters, and examples of pharmacodynamic assessments will be discussed in detail during this tutorial.
Effects of Urbanization on Ventral Patch Size and Phenotypic Correlates of Patch Expression in Male Western Fence Lizards (Sceloporus occidentalis)
Authors: Putman Breanna J. , Stevens Bayley , Fresco Nina A. , Urquidi Emily R. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIn some animals, males use colorful ornaments or badges to visually communicate with conspecifics. These traits can be condition‐dependent, suggesting that environmental changes could impact the intensity of male sexual signals. Drastic habitat changes caused by urbanization can act as physiological stressors, potentially affecting male signaling traits through changes to condition or immune function. Here, we quantified the effects of urbanization on ventral patch size and correlates of patch expression, namely body size, body condition, corticosterone concentrations, and ectoparasites in male Western Fence Lizards (Sceloporus occidentalis). We compared three aspects of male ventral color patches between urban and natural populations: area of the throat patch, total area of the paired belly patches, and total area of the black borders of the belly patches. All three area measurements across both habitat types were positively related to body size, and total belly patch area was positively related to body condition, indicating that these traits may signal male competitive ability and/or quality. Males from urban populations had larger throat patches than those from natural populations after controlling for body size. This difference in patch size was associated with a difference in probability of ectoparasite infection, but not with differences in corticosterone concentrations or body condition between urban and natural populations. Our results may indicate an effect of urbanization on immune function affecting male patch expression, although this idea remains untested. Overall, we show that urbanization can impact male sexual traits, which may have repercussions for visual communication in urban environments.
Resistance and Resilience of Species Composition: Thirty Years of Experimental Mismanagement and Subsequent Restoration in a Species Rich Meadow
Authors: Lepš Jan , Lisner Aleš 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTTraditionally managed grasslands are among the most species‐rich communities, which are threatened by land use changes—management intensification or abandonment. The resistance of their species composition to mismanagement and ability to recover after re‐establishment of traditional management is of prime conservational interest. In a manipulative experiment in a wet meadow, we simulated mismanagement by a factorial combination of abandonment of mowing and fertilization. The dominant species Molinia caerulea was removed in half of the plots to assess its role in community dynamics. The 21 years' mismanagement period was followed by the re‐establishment of the traditional management. The plots were sampled yearly from 1994 (the baseline data, before the introduction of the experimental treatments), until 2023. Estimates of cover of all vascular plant species provided the species richness and effective number of species. For each year, the chord distances to baseline species composition and to corresponding control plot were calculated. The compositional data were analyzed by constrained ordination methods, and the univariate characteristics by Repeated Measures ANOVA. All the plots, including those with traditional management throughout the whole experiment, underwent directional changes, probably caused by a decrease in groundwater level due to global warming. Both fertilization and abandonment led to a loss of competitively weak, usually low‐statured species, due to increased asymmetric competition for light. The effect of fertilization was faster and stronger than that of abandonment demonstrating weaker resistance to fertilization. The removal of dominant species partially mitigated negative effects only in unmown, non‐fertilized plots. The recovery following mismanagement cessation was faster (signifying higher resilience) in unmown than in fertilized plots, where it was slowed by a legacy of fertilization. In a changing world, two reference plot types are recommended for assessment of resistance and resilience, one original state and one reflecting compositional changes independent of treatments.
Experimental Modeling of Wind Resources for Electricity Generation in the Ningo‐Prampram Region of Ghana
Authors: Ami Johannes , Fanyin‐Martin Ato , Asamoah John Stephen , Asiedu Nana Yaw , Amponsem Bright , Kwofie Matthew 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTWind energy, as a renewable energy source, plays a critical role in achieving the world's energy transition goals. This study assesses the wind resource characteristics and potential for wind power production in the Ningo‐Prampram District of Ghana. On‐site wind measurements were conducted using an air flow anemometer at various reference points within the study area. The collected site data were statistically validated against existing satellite data using T‐test analysis, which revealed no significant difference between the ground and satellite measurements (p > 0.05), despite observed changes in weather patterns. The results showed that the mean wind speed in the area ranged between 4 and 5.6 m/s at a height of 10 m, with a predominant wind direction from the East. The district exhibited a moderate turbulence intensity of 0.226, indicating fairly good suitability for wind power projects. A feasibility analysis determined that the study area, covering 142.03 km², has the potential to accommodate a 40 MW wind farm using 20 Enercon‐82‐E2 wind turbines (2 MW each) with an 80 m hub height. This installation could reduce Ghana's Wind Utility Scale total target for 2030 by 25.256%. These findings suggest that the Ningo‐Prampram District possesses favorable conditions for sustainable wind power development.
Pattern Separation and Pattern Completion Within the Hippocampal Circuit During Naturalistic Stimuli
Authors: Sun Lili , Li Siyang , Ren Peng , Liu Qiuyi , Li Zhipeng , Liang Xia 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTPattern separation and pattern completion in the hippocampus play a critical role in episodic learning and memory. However, there is limited empirical evidence supporting the role of the hippocampal circuit in these processes during complex continuous experiences. In this study, we analyzed high‐resolution fMRI data from the “Forrest Gump” open‐access dataset (16 participants) using a sliding‐window temporal autocorrelation approach to investigate whether the canonical hippocampal circuit (DG‐CA3‐CA1‐SUB) shows evidence consistent with the occurrence of pattern separation or pattern completion during a naturalistic audio movie task. Our results revealed that when processing continuous naturalistic stimuli, the DG‐CA3 pair exhibited evidence consistent with the occurrence of the pattern separation process, whereas both the CA3‐CA1 and CA1‐SUB pairs showed evidence consistent with pattern completion. Moreover, during the latter half of the audio movie, we observed evidence consistent with a reduction in pattern completion in the CA3‐CA1 pair and an increase in pattern completion in the CA1‐SUB pair. Overall, these findings improve our understanding of the evidence related to the occurrence of pattern separation and pattern completion processes during natural experiences.
Synthesis of α‐Fluoroketones from Carboxylic Acids via Decarboxylation of Fluorinated Malonates
Authors: Davenport Raffael , Cibiras Rolandas , Schäfer Gabriel 
Published: January 2025

Abstractα‐Fluoroketones are versatile intermediates for the synthesis of fluorinated heterocycles and other fluorine‐containing building blocks. We have recently disclosed a novel route to such an α‐fluoroketone using the corresponding benzoic acid as a starting material. The reaction sequence started with the CDI‐activation of the carboxylic acid and reaction with diethyl malonate, fluorination of the resulting acyl malonate with Selectfluor, and finally a double‐decarboxylation to provide the desired α‐fluoroketone in 73 % yield over three telescoped steps. We were interested in the generality of this approach to access α‐fluoroketones from readily available carboxylic acids. In this article, we disclose the crucial modifications of the reaction conditions that were needed to make them broadly applicable to a diverse array of carboxylic acids. Under the optimized conditions, a wide range of α‐fluoroketones were isolated in good to excellent yields and in high purity.