bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ciliary neurotrophic factor overexpression in neural progenitor cells (ST14A) increases proliferation, metabolic activity, and resistance to stress during differentiation
Authors: Weinelt Sabine , Peters Sabine , Bauer Peter , Mix Eilhard , Haas Stefan J.P. , Dittmann Aline , Wree Andreas , Cattaneo Elena , Knoblich Rupert , Strauss Ulf , Rolfs Arndt 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThe original article to which this Erratum refers was published in Journal of Neuroscience Research (2003) 71(2) 228‐236
The business practices of small Chinese restaurants in the UK: an exploratory investigation
Authors: Chaudhry Shiv , Crick Dave 
Published: February 2004

Abstract

Owner‐managers of Chinese restaurants in the UK have a need to continually monitor their business practices to obtain an advantageous position in a competitive business environment.
Specific attention to elements of the ‘marketing mix’ — product, place, price and promotion — is likely to positively benefit many owner‐managed businesses.
Hiring and training of appropriate staff members is important in order to offer enhanced customer service.

This paper considers the importance of cultural factors within ethnic minority‐owned firms' business practices and provides a contribution to the growing body of knowledge at the marketing–entrepreneurship interface. Specifically, it reports on an empirical investigation into the business practices of a sample of Chinese‐owned restaurants operating in the UK. The findings from ten in‐depth personal interviews provide an insight into the practices of these businesses. The results indicate that particular cultural issues balanced against resource constraints had a major impact on owner‐managers' operations. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
South Korean companies in transition: an evolving strategic management style
Authors: Lee Yang‐Im 
Published: February 2004

Abstract

South Korea has a unique socio‐cultural identity that results in the development of mutually oriented business relationships.
South Korean managers are loyal and respectful but are gradually learning to develop a risk‐oriented approach to decision‐making.
Although employees of South Korean companies are known for their ability to work in groups, they are becoming independent thinkers and more individualistic.
In the future, South Korean managers are likely to develop a more competitive nature to business as company growth and survival become priorities.

Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The impact of the Internet on marketing priorities in the financial services industry
Authors: Harris Lisa , Coles Anne‐Marie 
Published: February 2004

Abstract

This paper examines the impact of the Internet upon marketing dynamics within UK banks. It draws upon ongoing empirical research in the retail sector of the financial services industry to report some preliminary findings as to the nature of change that is taking place.
A number of marketing strategies are emerging that can be categorized along a continuum between ‘evolutionary’ and ‘revolutionary’ change. Hence there are likely to be implications for the way in which banks are organized and managed.
The preliminary conclusions however, indicate that established norms seem to be enduring and online banking innovations are not in themselves transforming business priorities in the industry in the way that early predictions might have had us believe.

Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Commercial activity in new university business schools: trends and predictions for the future
Authors: Prince Christopher , Beaver Graham 
Published: February 2004

Abstract

Commercial activity, or third leg activity as the Higher Education Funding Council for England (HEFCE) defines it, and the income it generates, is of increasing importance to all higher education institutions (DES, 2003; CEML, 2002).
For new or modern university business schools in particular, the falling unit of resource attaching to HEFCE student teaching income and the virtual disappearance of research revenues as a result of the poor results in the 2001 Research Assessment Exercise (RAE), has combined to produce a scenario in which commercial activity is likely to be an increasing priority as business schools attempt to remain effective and solvent.

Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Total removal of the posterior mediastinal gastric conduit due to gastric cancer after esophagectomy
Authors: Akita Hirofumi , Doki Yuichiro , Ishikawa Osamu , Takachi Ko , Miyashiro Isao , Sasaki Yo , Ohigashi Hiroaki , Murata Kohei , Noura Shingo , Yamada Terumasa , Eguchi Hidetoshi , Imaoka Shingi 
Published: February 2004

AbstractBackgroundTotal removal of the gastric conduit (TRGC) due to gastric cancer after esophagectomy often results in high operative morbidity and mortality rates, especially when done in the posterior mediastinum. This is one of the reasons for the retro‐sternal or subcutaneous route being preferred for gastric conduit replacement in esophageal cancer operation.PatientsFive out of 680 post‐operative esophageal cancer patients underwent TRGC via thoracotomy and laparotomy due to posterior mediastinal gastric conduit cancers.ResultsIn these patients, advanced gastric cancers were found at an average of 84 months (ranging 57–136 months) after esophageal cancer surgery and preoperative risk factors for TRGC were found in age, nutrition, and pulmonary function. The operative time for TRGC was long (average 670 min) but not associated with operative complications, while blood loss varied among patients, with one with the most operative blood loss dying after surgery due to pyothorax and renal failure. This case, and another early case subjected to TRGC first with thoracotomy then followed by laparotomy, showed more operative blood loss (10,895 and 3,260 ml) than the later three patients (2,370, 1,900, and 1,780 ml), who underwent laparotomy before thoracotomy with ligation of the blood supply of the gastric conduit and lysis of adhesion around gastric conduit in the lower mediastinum from the abdomen.ConclusionTRGC in the posterior mediastinum would be safer if operative manipulation were started from laparotomy in order to reduce operative blood loss. J. Surg. Oncol. 2004;85:204–208. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Application of minimally invasive treatment for early gastric cancer
Authors: Hyung Woo Jin , Cheong Jae Ho , Kim Junuk , Chen Jian , Choi Seung Ho , Noh Sung Hoon 
Published: February 2004

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesAlthough various types of minimally invasive treatment have emerged as the best front‐line therapies for early gastric cancer (EGC), there have been no established indications that these attempts are applicable. The purpose of this study was to propose indications for the application of minimally invasive therapy for EGC.MethodsA total of 566 patients with EGC who had undergone gastrectomy with D2 or more extended lymphadenectomy, from July 1993 to December 1997 were retrospectively analyzed. The risk factors that determine lymph node metastasis were investigated by univariate and multivariate analysis.ResultsThe rate of lymph node metastasis was 11.8% for all EGC, 3.4% for mucosal cancer, and 21.0% for submucosal cancer. Lymph node metastasis was associated with submucosal invasion, larger tumor size, undifferentiated histology, and the presence of lymphatic or blood vessel invasion (LBVI) by univariate and multivariate analyses. When LBVI was absent, there was no lymph node metastasis if the tumor was smaller than 2.5 cm with differentiated histology, and smaller than 1.5 cm with undifferentiated histology, regardless of depth of invasion. Extra‐perigastric lymph node metastases were noted in patients with submucosal tumors that have LBVI while none of mucosal cancer showed extra‐perigastric lymph node metastases.ConclusionsMinimally invasive treatment can be possibly applied for patients with EGC using these four independent risk factors for lymph node metastasis in EGC. For mucosal cancers, EMR is indicated for EGCs without lymph node involvement based on tumor size and histology. When we found LBVI by pathologic examination after EMR, gastrectomy with D1 lymph node dissection is mandatory. For submucosal cancers, patients with small tumors could be treated with laparoscopic wedge resection without lymph node dissection. However, patients with larger sized tumors or tumors with LBVI should be treated with extended (D2) lymph node dissection. J. Surg. Oncol. 2004;85:181–185. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Solid and papillary epithelial neoplasm of the pancreas
Authors: Madan Atul K. , Weldon Christopher B. , Long William P. , Johnson David , Raafat Aml 
Published: February 2004

AbstractSolid and papillary epithelial (SPEN) is an uncommon pancreatic tumor often seen in young females. Although most of these neoplasms have a benign course, SPEN do have malignant potential. Treatment is surgical which is usually feasible either via enucleation or more radical procedures. Below we discuss diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis in detail. J. Surg. Oncol. 2004;85:193–198. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The effectiveness of complete decongestive physiotherapy for the treatment of lymphedema following groin dissection for melanoma
Authors: Hinrichs Christian S. , Gibbs John F. , Driscoll Deborah , Kepner James L. , Wilkinson Neal W. , Edge Stephen B. , Fassl Kathleen A. , Muir Robin , Kraybill William G. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractObjectiveGroin dissection is performed for the treatment of melanoma and other malignancies. Lymphedema rates as high as 47% have been reported. In 1996, we began using complete decongestive physiotherapy (CDP) in selected patients with lymphedema following groin dissection. Here, we review our results in a small cohort of patients.MethodsA retrospective review of the medical records of 14 patients, treated with CDP for lymphedema secondary to groin dissection for melanoma was conducted. All patients were treated with CDP at Roswell Park Cancer Institute (RPCI), between 1996 and 2002. Of the 14 patients, 12 underwent groin dissection at RPCI. Response to therapy was measured by limb volume determinations. Patient gender, age, body mass index (BMI), type of operation, type of adjuvant therapy, time to treatment, patient compliance, lymphedema stage, and initial edema were analyzed for association with response to treatment. Incidence was estimated by a review of the operative logs.ResultsFourteen patients were treated with CDP for lymphedema secondary to groin dissection for melanoma, with a median decrease in lymphedema of 60% (range: 35–145%; P = 0.0003). Increased BMI was associated with a decreased response to treatment (P = 0.02). Response to CDP was not effected by time to treatment, patient compliance, lymphedema stage, and initial edema. During this time, 39 groin dissections were done at RPCI. The incidence of lymphedema treated with CDP at RPCI was 31% (12/39; standard error 7.4%).ConclusionsWith a decrease in lymphedema of 60%, CDP may provide relief for patients with lymphedema following groin dissection. Elevated BMI was associated with a decreased response to CDP. J. Surg. Oncol. 2004;85:187–192. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Histopathologic examination of axillary sentinel lymph nodes in breast carcinoma patients
Authors: Viale Giuseppe , Sonzogni Angelica , Pruneri Giancarlo , Maffini Fausto , Masullo Michele , Dell'Orto Patrizia , Mazzarol Giovanni 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThe axillary sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) has gained increasing popularity as a novel surgical approach for staging patients with breast carcinoma and for guiding the choice of adjuvant therapy with minimal morbidity. Patients with negative SLNB represent a subset of breast carcinoma patients with definitely better prognosis, because their pN0 status is based on a very thorough examination of the sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs), with a very low risk of missing even small micrometastatic deposits, as compared with routine examination of the 20 or 30 lymph nodes obtained by the traditional axillary clearing. The histopathologic examination of the SLNs may be performed after fixation and embedding in paraffin, or intraoperatively on frozen sections. Whatever is the preferred tracing technique and surgical procedure, the histopathologic examination of each SLN must be particularly accurate, to avoid a false‐negative diagnosis. Unfortunately, because of the lack of standardised guidelines or protocols for SLN examination, different institutions still adopt their own working protocols, which differ substantially in the number of sections cut and examined, in the cutting intervals (ranging from 50 to more than 250 μm), and in the more or less extensive use of immunohistochemical assays for the detection of micrometastatic disease. Herein, a very stringent protocol for the examination of the axillary SLN is reported, which is applied either to frozen SLN for the intraoperative diagnosis, and to fixed and embedded SLN as well. J. Surg. Oncol. 2004;85:123–128. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Radioguided sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients with malignant cutaneous melanoma: The nuclear medicine contribution
Authors: Mariani Giuliano , Erba Paola , Manca Gianpiero , Villa Giuseppe , Gipponi Marco , Boni Giuseppe , Buffoni Ferdinando , Suriano Sergio , Castagnola Franca , Bartolomei Mirco , Strauss H. William 
Published: February 2004

AbstractAs for other solid tumors, malignant cutaneous melanoma drains in a logical way through the lymphatic system, from the first to subsequent levels. Therefore, the first lymph node encountered (the sentinel node) will most likely be the first to be affected by metastasis, and a negative sentinel node makes it highly unlikely that other nodes in the same lymphatic basin are affected. Sentinel lymph node biopsy distinguishes patients without nodal metastases, who can avoid nodal basin dissection with its associated risk of lymphedema, and those with metastatic involvement who might benefit from additional therapy. This procedure represents a significant advantage as a minimally invasive procedure, considering that only an average 20% of melanoma patients with Breslow thickness between 1.5 and 4 mm harbour metastasis in their sentinel node(s) and are therefore candidates to elective lymph node dissection procedures. The cells that originate cutaneous melanomas are located between dermis and epidermis, a zone that drains to the inner lymphatic network in the reticular dermis, in turn to larger collecting lymphatics in subcutis. Therefore, the optimal modality of interstitial administration of radiocolloids for lymphoscintigraphy and subsequent radioguided sentinel lymph node biopsy is through intradermal/subdermal injection. 99mTc‐labeled colloids in various size ranges are equally adequate for radioguided sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients with cutaneous melanoma, depending on local experience and availability. For melanomas located in the midline area of the head, neck, and trunk, particular consideration should be given to ambiguous lymphatic drainage, which frequently requires interstitial administration virtually all around the tumor or surgical scar from prior excision of the melanoma. Lymphoscintigraphy is an essential part of radioguided sentinel lymph node biopsy because images are used to direct the surgeon to the sites of the node(s). The sentinel lymph node should have a significantly higher count than that of background (at least 10:1 intraoperatively). After removal of the sentinel node, the surgical bed must be reexamined to ensure that all radioactive sites are identified and removed for analysis. The success rate of radioguidance in localizing the sentinel lymph node in melanoma patients is about 98% in institutions where a high number of procedures are performed, approaching 99% when combined with the vital blue dye technique. The procedure is becoming the standard of care for patients with cutaneous melanoma because of its high prognostic value that has led to include the procedure in the most recent version of the TNM staging system. J. Surg. Oncol. 2004;85:141–151. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
New fields of application of the sentinel lymph node biopsy in the pathologic staging of solid neoplasms: Review of literature and surgical perspectives
Authors: Gipponi Marco , Solari Nicola , Di Somma Franco C. , Bertoglio Sergio , Cafiero Ferdinando 
Published: February 2004

AbstractSentinel lymph node (sN) biopsy has gained special attention among surgical and medical oncologists as it represents an accepted technique for detecting occult nodal disease in regional lymph nodes of patients with melanoma and breast cancer. The histopathologic examination of the sN may well predict regional lymph node status in order to define the most suitable loco‐regional and systemic treatment. Recently, this technique has also been applied to other solid tumor types such as gynecologic and urologic malignancies, squamous head and neck cancer, thyroid cancer, non‐small‐cell lung cancer, Merkel cell carcinoma, and gastric cancer. The aim of this literature review is to define the rationale of sN biopsy in these tumor sites, the most effective procedure for sN detection, and the accuracy of the sN in predicting regional nodal status, as well as the surgical perspectives of sN biopsy application. J. Surg. Oncol. 2004;85:171–179. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A computational study of the kinetics and mechanism for the reaction of HCO with HNO
Authors: Xu Z. F. , Lin M. C. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThe mechanism for the reaction of HCO with HNO has been studied at the G2M level of theory, based on the geometric parameters optimized by the BH&HLYP/6‐311G(d, p) method. There are three direct hydrogen abstraction channels producing (1) H2CO + NO, (2) H2NO + CO, and (3) HNOH + CO with barriers of 3.7, 3.9, and 10.4 kcal/mol, respectively. Another important reaction channel, (4), involves an association process forming HN(O)CHO (LM1) with a very small barrier and the subsequent isomerization and decomposition of LM1 producing HNOH + CO as major products. The rate constants of the dominant reaction channels (1), (2), and (4) in the temperature range 200–3000 K have been predicted by the microcanonical RRKM and transition state theory calculations with Eckart tunneling corrections. The theoretical result shows that in the high temperature range ( T > 1500 K), k1 (H2CO + NO) and k2(H2NO + CO) are preponderant, while in the low temperature range, both k4(LM1) and k4(HNOH + CO) appear to be dominant at high and low pressures, respectively. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 36: 205–215, 2004
Flashlamp pulsed dye laser (PDL) suppression of keloid proliferation through down‐regulation of TGF‐β1 expression and extracellular matrix expression
Authors: Kuo Yur‐Ren , Jeng Seng‐Feng , Wang Feng‐Sheng , Chen Tien‐Hsing , Huang Hui‐Chen , Chang Pei‐Rong , Yang Kuender D. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesKeloids have been treated with flashlamp pulsed dye lasers (PDLs) with good results. We investigated whether PDL treatments induced keloid regression by decreasing growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1) induction, thereby reducing fibroblast proliferation and collagen deposition.Study Design/Materials and MethodsClinical evaluation and photography documented keloid height/texture, erythema, and pliability before and after PDL treatments scheduled at 2‐month intervals in 30 patients. Fluence per pulse was 10–18 J/cm2 (mean 14.0 J/cm2). Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of TGF‐β1, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and collagen (types I and III) in extra‐cellular matrix was performed on 10 intra‐lesional or punch biopsies obtained before and 7 days after PDL treatments.ResultsTwelve months after final PDL treatments, keloid regression ( ≥ 50%) had occurred in 26/30 patients in whom erythema and surface irregularities had been reduced and pliability had been increased. In 4/30 patients, no changes in keloids had occurred after 12 months. Multiple treatments ( > 6) yielded better results than fewer treatments: 79% versus 50%, respectively. Marked keloid regression ( ≥ 90%) occurred in two patients who had received more than 10 treatments. IHC staining indicated that expression of TGF‐β1, PCNA and collagen type III, but not type I, was significantly reduced in keloid fibroblasts after PDL irradiation.ConclusionsKeloids regressed following PDL‐induced reduction in TGF‐β1 expression, fibroblast proliferation, and collagen type III deposition. More than six PDL treatments at 2‐month intervals provided the best results. Lasers Surg. Med. 34:104–108, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Laser treatment for neovascular formation
Authors: Raskin Boris , Fany Reis R. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesNeovascular formation or matting [Davis and Duffy, J Dermatol Surg Oncol 1990; 16:327; Folkman and Klagsbrun, Science 1987;235:442; Weiss et al., Lasers Surg Med 1996;8:40–41] is a complex problems for doctors to treat. It was done by two different kinds of lasers, 532 nm [Silver and Livshots, Cosmetic Dermatol 1996;9:61; Adrian, Dermatol Surg 1998; 24:19] and 1,064 nm [Weiss and Weiss, Dermatol Surg 1999; 12:399–402] Nd:Yag laser. This study was carried out to discover which had better results on the treatment of this pathology.Study Design/Materials and MethodsThirty‐six patients underwent a monthly treatment, two sessions for neovascular formation by the 532 nm diode laser and the 1,064 nm [Weiss and Weiss, Dermatol Surg 1999;12:399–402] Nd:Yag laser. A comparative study was done by digital photography pre and post laser, 1 month after the second treatment by the two methods of evaluation, clinical percent clearance and by mathematically counting the number of vessels.ResultsThere was a significant reduction of the number of capillaries in the affected areas treated by both lasers, mainly in the 1,064 Nd:Yag group.ConclusionsThe association of 3 and 10 mm spot size of the 1,064 nm laser group had better results compared with the 532 nm laser for matting treatment. Lasers Surg. Med. 34:189–192, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization of port wine stain skin erythema and melanin content using cross‐polarized diffuse reflectance imaging
Authors: Jung Byungjo , Choi Bernard , Durkin Anthony J. , Kelly Kristen M. , Nelson J. Stuart 
Published: February 2004

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesObjective methods to assess quantitatively port wine stain (PWS) blanching in response to laser therapy are needed to improve laser therapeutic outcome. Previous studies have attempted to assess objectively PWS color based on point measurement devices. To date, these approaches have typically been limited by a number of factors such as small test area and need for contact. To address these issues, a cross‐polarized diffuse reflectance imaging system and color image analysis method has been developed to evaluate quantitatively erythema and melanin content in PWS skin.Study Design/Materials and MethodsA cross‐polarized diffuse reflectance system has been constructed to acquire high resolution digital images while minimizing artifacts such as glare, shadowing, and nonuniform illumination effects that can compromise image fidelity. Furthermore, an image analysis algorithm has also been developed to analyze normal and PWS skin in terms of CIEL*a*b* color space parameters. Using the algorithm, images of color space intensity, L*, and saturation, a*, indices have been calculated to extract quantitative metrics of melanin and erythema, respectively.ResultsCompared to the cross‐polarized diffuse reflectance image, the a* index image enhanced the contrast in regions of high and low erythema and seems to have quasi correlation with the L* index image. In the presented PWS patient example, the relative a* index difference (Δa*) image showed less erythema in PWS skin after laser treatment when compared to pre‐treatment values.ConclusionsOur cross‐polarized imaging system and color image analysis method is a simple, noncontact technique that can indirectly provide quantitative measurement of erythema and melanin content in PWS skin. Lasers Surg. Med. 34:174–181, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.