bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alice in Wondertheatre: An Affective Ethnography
Authors: Pellegrinelli Carmen , Parolin Laura Lucia 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn March 2020, Bergamo was hit by the first wave of the pandemic. More than 6000 people have died in the area, where the emergency facilities lived in a stressful situation for months. In January 2022, a group of ER doctors and nurses from the Papa Giovanni XXIII hospital in Bergamo (Italy)—the frontline in the crisis—wanted to reflect collectively on their experience with the COVID-19 pandemic. The group set up a one-year-long theatre workshop involving around twenty colleagues from the ER. The workshop was also aimed at preparing a theatre show, “Giorni muti, notti bianche” (Silent days, sleepless nights), presented in the Bergamo’s main theatre. By participating in the theatre workshop, we conducted a collaborative affective ethnography to investigate the dimension of affects in the ER professionals’ work practices during the first wave of the pandemic. This chapter is based on an affective ethnography and it considers the characteristics of this (post)qualitative research method and its potential for organisational scholars.
Top quark mass calibration for Monte Carlo event generators — an update
Authors: Dehnadi Bahman , Hoang André H. , Jin Oliver L. , Mateu Vicent 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
We generalize and update our former top quark mass calibration framework for Monte Carlo (MC) event generators based on the e+e− hadron-level 2-jettiness τ2 distribution in the resonance region for boosted $$ t\overline{t} $$
t

t
¯

production, that was used to relate the Pythia 8.205 top mass parameter $$ {m}_t^{\textrm{MC}} $$

m
t
MC

to the MSR mass $$ {m}_t^{\textrm{MSR}}(R) $$

m
t
MSR

R

and the pole mass $$ {m}_t^{\textrm{pole}} $$

m
t
pole

. The current most precise direct top mass measurements specifically determine $$ {m}_t^{\textrm{MC}} $$

m
t
MC

. The updated framework includes the addition of the shape variables sum of jet masses τs and modified jet mass τm, and the treatment of two more gap subtraction schemes to remove the $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(ΛQCD) renormalon related to large-angle soft radiation. These generalizations entail implementing a more versatile shape-function fit procedure and accounting for a certain type of (mt/Q)2 power corrections to achieve gap-scheme and observable independent results. The theoretical description employs boosted heavy-quark effective theory (bHQET) at next-to-next-to-logarithmic order (N2LL), matched to soft-collinear effective theory (SCET) at N2LL and full QCD at next-to-leading order (NLO), and includes the dominant top width effects. Furthermore, the software framework has been modernized to use standard file and event record formats. We update the top mass calibration results by applying the new framework to Pythia 8.305, Herwig 7.2 and Sherpa 2.2.11. Even though the hadron-level resonance positions produced by the three generators differ significantly for the same top mass parameter $$ {m}_t^{\textrm{MC}} $$

m
t
MC

value, the calibration shows that these differences arise from the hadronization modeling. Indeed, we find that $$ {m}_t^{\textrm{MC}} $$

m
t
MC

agrees with $$ {m}_t^{\textrm{MSR}} $$

m
t
MSR

(1 GeV) within 200 MeV for the three generators and differs from the pole mass by 350 to 600 MeV.
Hawking radiation in Lorentz violating gravity: a tale of two horizons
Authors: Del Porro F. , Herrero-Valea M. , Liberati S. , Schneider M. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Since their proposal, Lorentz violating theories of gravity have posed a potential threat to black hole thermodynamics, as superluminal signals appeared to be incompatible with the very black hole notion. Remarkably, it was soon realized that in such theories causally disconnected regions of space-time can still exist thanks to the presence of universal horizons: causal barriers for signals of arbitrary high speed. Several investigations, sometimes with contrasting results, have been performed so to determine if these horizons can be associated with healthy thermodynamic properties similar to those associated with Killing horizons in General Relativity. In this work we offer what we deem to be the final picture emerging from this and previous studies. In summary we show that: 1) there is a thermal, and most of all species-independent, emission associated to universal horizons, determined by their surface gravity; 2) due to the modified dispersion relation of the matter fields, the low energy part of the emitted spectrum is affected by the presence of the Killing horizon, in a way similar to an effective refractive index, leading at low energies (w.r.t. the Lorentz breaking scale) to an emission that mimics a standard Hawking spectrum (i.e. one determined by the Killing horizon surface gravity); 3) the whole picture is compatible with a globally well defined vacuum state i.e. an Unruh state associated with preferred observers, which however at very low energies it is basically indistinguishable from the standard Unruh vacuum associated to metric free-falling observers. One can then conclude that Hawking radiation is remarkably resilient even within the context of gravitational theories entailing the breakdown of local Lorentz invariance.
Higher logarithms and ε-poles for the MS-like renormalization prescriptions
Authors: Meshcheriakov N. P. , Shatalova V. V. , Stepanyantz K. V. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
We consider a version of dimensional regularization (reduction) in which the dimensionful regularization parameter Λ is in general different from the renormalization scale μ. Then in the scheme analogous to the minimal subtraction the renormalization constants contain ε-poles, powers of ln Λ/μ, and mixed terms of the structure ε−q lnp Λ/μ. For the MS-like schemes we present explicit expressions for the coefficients at all these structures which relate them to the coefficients in the renormalization group functions, namely in the β-function and in the anomalous dimension. In particular, for the pure ε-poles we present explicit solutions of the ’t Hooft pole equations. Also we construct simple all-loop expressions for the renormalization constants (also written in terms of the renormalization group functions) which produce all ε-poles and logarithms and establish a number of relations between various coefficients at ε-poles and logarithms. The results are illustrated by some examples.
Wave function of the sexaquark or compact H-dibaryon
Authors: Farrar Glennys R. , Wintergerst Nico 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
We derive and explicitly display the internal wave function of a color-, flavor- and spin- singlet dibaryon composed of uuddss quarks in a spatially symmetric state, in the approximation of exact SU(3) flavor symmetry. This wavefunction shows that the often-used superposition of ΛΛ, NΞ and ΣΣ baryons, relevant for di-baryon molecules, accounts for only 1/5 of a spatially symmetric six-quark color-flavor-spin-singlet state, with the remaining 4/5 consisting of products of color-octet baryons. Using the correct wavefunction has important implications for calculations of the mass of the lowest-lying flavor-singlet dibaryon, as we illustrate using the Cornell potential. We also provide a compact representation of the state in terms of creation operators, and comment on the impact of not using the optimal operator in lattice studies of this system.
Biophysical control of plasticity and patterning in regeneration and cancer
Authors: Murugan Nirosha J. , Cariba Solsa , Abeygunawardena Sawith , Rouleau Nicolas , Payne Samantha L. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCells and tissues display a remarkable range of plasticity and tissue-patterning activities that are emergent of complex signaling dynamics within their microenvironments. These properties, which when operating normally guide embryogenesis and regeneration, become highly disordered in diseases such as cancer. While morphogens and other molecular factors help determine the shapes of tissues and their patterned cellular organization, the parallel contributions of biophysical control mechanisms must be considered to accurately predict and model important processes such as growth, maturation, injury, repair, and senescence. We now know that mechanical, optical, electric, and electromagnetic signals are integral to cellular plasticity and tissue patterning. Because biophysical modalities underly interactions between cells and their extracellular matrices, including cell cycle, metabolism, migration, and differentiation, their applications as tuning dials for regenerative and anti-cancer therapies are being rapidly exploited. Despite this, the importance of cellular communication through biophysical signaling remains disproportionately underrepresented in the literature. Here, we provide a review of biophysical signaling modalities and known mechanisms that initiate, modulate, or inhibit plasticity and tissue patterning in models of regeneration and cancer. We also discuss current approaches in biomedical engineering that harness biophysical control mechanisms to model, characterize, diagnose, and treat disease states.
Prevalence and correlates of loneliness and social isolation in the oldest old: a systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression
Authors: Hajek André , Volkmar Alina , König Hans-Helmut 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Conducting a systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression regarding the prevalence and correlates of loneliness and social isolation amongst the community-dwelling and institutionalised oldest old (80 years and over).

Methods
Three electronic databases (PsycINFO, CINAHL and Medline) were searched, including studies from inception to January 5, 2023. An additional hand search was conducted by checking included studies’ references, and studies that cited included studies. We included observational studies describing the prevalence and (ideally) the correlates of loneliness, or social isolation, amongst individuals aged 80 years and over. Study design, operationalization of loneliness and social isolation, statistical analysis, characteristics of the sample and key findings were extracted. A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted.

Results
We included 22 studies. The estimated prevalence of severe loneliness was 27.1% (95% CI: 23.7–30.4%). The estimated prevalence of moderate loneliness equalled 32.1% (95% CI: 15.8–48.4%). Moreover, the estimated prevalence of social isolation was 33.6% (95% CI: 28.9–38.2%). There was heterogeneity between the studies. Egger tests suggest the absence of potential publication bias. Meta-regressions showed that the heterogeneity could neither be attributed to the assessment of loneliness nor to the continent where the study was conducted.

Conclusion
Loneliness and social isolation are important problems in the oldest old. In this age group, studies are required, in particular from regions outside Europe. Additionally, longitudinal studies are required to investigate the determinants of loneliness and social isolation amongst individuals aged 80 years and over. Studies using more sophisticated tools to quantify loneliness and social isolation are required.
Multi-material and thickness optimization of laminated composite structures subject to high-cycle fatigue
Authors: Hermansen Sebastian M. , Lund Erik 
Published: December 2023

AbstractLaminated composite structures have a distinct inherent potential for optimization due to their tailorability and their associated complex failure mechanisms that makes intuitive design remarkably difficult. Optimization of such is a maturing technology with many criteria and manufacturing constraints having been successfully demonstrated. An approach for high-cycle fatigue is however yet to be developed in a gradient-based context. Thus, the objective of this work is to introduce a novel framework that allows for effective high-cycle fatigue optimization of laminated composite structures.Offset is taken in the Discrete Material and Thickness Optimization parametrization, which allows for simultaneous material and thickness selection for each layer that constitute a laminate. The fatigue analysis approach is based on accumulating damage from all variable-amplitude cycles in an arbitrary spectrum. As high-cycle fatigue behavior is highly nonlinear, it is difficult to handle in optimization. To stabilize the problem, damage is scaled using an inverse P-mean norm formulation that reduces the nonlinearity and provides an accurate measure of the damage. These scaled damages are then aggregated using P-norm functions to reduce the number of constraints. This is convenient, as it allows sensitivities to be efficiently calculated using analytical adjoint design sensitivity analysis. The effectiveness of this approach will be demonstrated on both benchmark examples and a more complicated main spar structure.
The protective role of l-carnitine on oxidative stress, neurotransmitter perturbations, astrogliosis, and apoptosis induced by thiamethoxam in the brains of male rats
Authors: Abd Elkader Heba-Tallah Abd Elrahim , Hussein Marium Marzoq , Mohammed Nema A . , Abdou Heba M . 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSynthetic organic insecticides such as pyrethroids, organophosphates, neonicotinoids, and others have the potential to disrupt ecosystems and are often toxic to humans. Thiamethoxam (TMX), a neonicotinoid insecticide , is a widely used insecticide with neurotoxic potential. l-Carnitine (LC) is regarded as the “gatekeeper” in charge of allowing long-chain fatty acids into cell mitochondria. LC is an endogenous chemical that is renowned for its prospective biological activity in addition to its role in energy metabolism. This study investigated the protective effects of LC against TMX-induced neurotoxicity in male Wistar rats. For 28 days, animals were divided into four groups and treated daily with either LC (300 mg/kg), TMX (100 mg/kg), or both at the aforementioned doses. Our results revealed marked serum lipid profile and electrolyte changes, declines in brain antioxidants and neurotransmitters (acetylcholine, dopamine, and serotonin levels) with elevations in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and proinflammatory cytokine levels, as well as acetylcholinesterase and monoamine oxidase brain activity in TMX-treated rats. TMX also increased the expression of caspase-3 and glial fibrillary acidic protein. In contrast, pretreatment with LC attenuated TMX-induced brain injury by suppressing oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokines and modulating neurotransmitter levels. It also ameliorated the expression of apoptotic and astrogliosis markers. It could be concluded that LC has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-astrogliosis, and anti-apoptotic potential against TMX neurotoxicity.
Graphical abstract
Effect of cutting set variations on structural and functional properties of hamburgers
Authors: Berger Lisa M. , Adam Felix , Gibis Monika , Witte Franziska , Terjung Nino , Weiss Jochen 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMeat grinders are composed of a combination of individual functional elements (e.g., screw conveyor, perforated plates, knives). This setup, and in particular the chosen cutting set, influences the characteristics of ground meat and hamburgers produced. In this study, we took a closer look at the effect of cutting set variations and process parameters on structural, functional, and physicochemical properties of beef hamburgers produced. It was found that the specific mechanical energy input during grinding increased when cutting levels, i.e., a set of one hole plate and one knife, were increased, causing more cell disintegration (r = 0.387, p = 0.02). Surprisingly though, an influence on the functional and quality parameters of the hamburgers could not be found for most parameters tested. The findings indicate that variations in the cutting set affect the process parameters and the stress applied to the meat, but residence times in this zone are too small to cause noticeable effects on the analytical and qualitative properties of hamburgers. As such, there are options for energy and cost optimization of industrial grinding processes without sacrificing quality.
Arthroscopic surgery for ankle gouty arthritis: a retrospective analysis of clinical outcomes at six month follow-up based on a novel classification system
Authors: Zhang Baozhou , Li Ying , Yang Xiaosong , Gong Xiaofeng , Sun Ning , Lai Liangpeng , Li Wenjing , Wu Yong 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes, patient-reported outcomes, and recurrence rate of patients diagnosed with ankle gouty arthritis who underwent arthroscopic surgery based on the new classification.

Methods
A total of 51 patients diagnosed with ankle gouty arthritis were included in this retrospective study. A new classification was proposed based on the location and extent of MSU crystal deposition under an arthroscopy view. Patients are classified into different types and underwent arthroscopic surgery accordingly. The primary outcome measure was the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot score. The secondary outcomes included the visual analog pain scale (VAS), serum uric acid levels, and the recurrence rate of ankle gouty arthritis at one year postoperatively.

Results
Based on the new classification, five patients were Type I, 24 patients were Type II, five were Type III A, six were Type III B, and 11 were Type IV. The average follow-up time was 23.5 ± 10.9 months. The AOFAS hindfoot-ankle score improved significantly from 70.3 ± 15.9 to 85.6 ± 13.0 (p < 0.01). The mean serum uric acid level was significantly decreased from 442.0 ± 109.2 to 540.5 ± 132.4 (p < 0.01). The average VAS scale decreased from 3.8 ± 1.9 to 1.4 ± 1.7 (p < 0.01). The median of recurrences in one year postoperatively was significantly decreased from 1.5 (1, 3.75) to 0 (0, 0.75) (p < 0.01).

Conclusion
A new classification strategy for ankle gouty arthritis based on arthroscopic view was proposed. Patients with ankle gouty arthritis showed significant improvement in ankle function and pain relief after undergoing arthroscopic surgery driven by the new classification.
Artificial intelligence for X-ray scaphoid fracture detection: a systematic review and diagnostic test accuracy meta-analysis
Authors: Kraus Matan , Anteby Roi , Konen Eli , Eshed Iris , Klang Eyal 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Objectives
Scaphoid fractures are usually diagnosed using X-rays, a low-sensitivity modality. Artificial intelligence (AI) using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) has been explored for diagnosing scaphoid fractures in X-rays. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to evaluate the use of AI for detecting scaphoid fractures on X-rays and analyze its accuracy and usefulness.

Materials and methods
This study followed the guidelines of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) and PRISMA-Diagnostic Test Accuracy. A literature search was conducted in the PubMed database for original articles published until July 2023. The risk of bias and applicability were evaluated using the QUADAS-2 tool. A bivariate diagnostic random-effects meta-analysis was conducted, and the results were analyzed using the Summary Receiver Operating Characteristic (SROC) curve.

Results
Ten studies met the inclusion criteria and were all retrospective. The AI’s diagnostic performance for detecting scaphoid fractures ranged from AUC 0.77 to 0.96. Seven studies were included in the meta-analysis, with a total of 3373 images. The meta-analysis pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.80 and 0.89, respectively. The meta-analysis overall AUC was 0.88. The QUADAS-2 tool found high risk of bias and concerns about applicability in 9 out of 10 studies.

Conclusions
The current results of AI’s diagnostic performance for detecting scaphoid fractures in X-rays show promise. The results show high overall sensitivity and specificity and a high SROC result. Further research is needed to compare AI’s diagnostic performance to human diagnostic performance in a clinical setting.

Clinical relevance statement
Scaphoid fractures are prone to be missed secondary to assessment with a low sensitivity modality and a high occult fracture rate. AI systems can be beneficial for clinicians and radiologists to facilitate early diagnosis, and avoid missed injuries.

Key Points
• Scaphoid fractures are common and some can be easily missed in X-rays.
• Artificial intelligence (AI) systems demonstrate high diagnostic performance for the diagnosis of scaphoid fractures in X-rays.
• AI systems can be beneficial in diagnosing both obvious and occult scaphoid fractures.
Occupational physical activity, all-cause mortality and incidence of cardiovascular diseases: results from three Italian cohorts
Authors: Fontana Dario , Ceron Raffaele , d’Errico Angelo 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To examine the association of exposure to Occupational Physical Activity (OPA) with all-cause mortality and incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD).

Methods
The study population was composed of three Italian cohorts: a national cohort of employees participating in the National Health Survey 2005, followed-up until 2014 (ILS 2005), and two urban cohorts of employees resident in Turin at 2001 and 2011 censuses (TLS 2001 and TLS 2011, respectively), both followed-up until 2018. Follow-up was conducted through individual record-linkage with death registries and hospital admissions archives. Exposure to OPA was assigned through an Italian job-exposure matrix (JEM). Relative Risks of both CVD incidence and overall mortality associated with OPA quartiles (IRR) were estimated using Poisson regression models adjusted for socio-demographics and health, and in the national cohort, also for leisure time physical activity, BMI, smoking, diabetes, and hypertension.

Results
Compared to the lowest quartile, the highest OPA quartile was associated in both genders with significantly increased mortality in TLS 2001 (IRR = 1.11 among men, IRR = 1.20 among women) and in TLS 2011 (IRR = 1.27 among men and IRR = 1.73 among women), whereas in the ILS 2005 cohort no association was found. Among women, high OPA was also associated with CVD risk in TLS 2001 and 2011 (IRR = 1.39 and IRR = 1.16 for the highest quartile, respectively), while in the ILS cohort in both genders only the third quartile showed a significantly higher risk.

Conclusion
Our results indicate that OPA does not have a beneficial effect on CVD and mortality, but rather suggest that it may produce deleterious health effects.