bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highly Efficient Catalytic Activity of Lanthanide(III) Ions for Conversion of Saccharides to 5-Hydroxymethyl-2-furfural in Organic Solvents
Authors: Seri Kei-ichi , Inoue Yoshihisa , Ishida Hitoshi 
Published: May 2003

Abstract
All lanthanide(III) ions were found to catalyze dehydration of saccharides to 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural (HMF) in DMSO at 100 - 120 °C. Particularly, d-fructose was almost quantitatively converted to HMF without generating any byproducts. The results of the reaction with di- and trisaccharides indicated that the d-fructose moiety in the substrates was selectively converted to HMF.
A Thirty-Membered Macrocyclic Binuclear Metal Complex: Synthesis and Structural Characterization of [Ag2(psb)2]2+ {psb = 1,2-Bis[(4-pyridinyl)sulfanylnlethyl]benzene}
Authors: Zhao Yingjun , Hong Maochun , Su Weiping , Cao Rong , Zhou Zhongyong , Chan Albert S C 
Published: May 2003

Abstract
A neutral exo-pyridino-bidentate ligand, 1,2-bis[(4-pyridinyl)sulfanylmethyl]benzene (psb), was prepared from the reaction of 1,2-bis(bromomethyl)benzene and sodium pyridine-4-thiolate for metal complex syntheses. The reaction of silver salt and psb resulted in binuclear complex [Ag2(psb)2](ClO4)2 with a thirty-membered macrocycle, in which the length is 2.0 nm.
Utility of i-Steroid-Route to Oxidized Sterol Bound to a Cross-linker: Synthesis of the Steroid Antigen
Authors: Kim Byung Ju , Morita Hiroyuki 
Published: May 2003

Abstract
The target sterol, which was for preparation of oxidized sterol antigen to apply to a new antibody diagnostic method for circulatory disease, was successfully synthesized via i-steroid transformation as followings: 1) the Grignard reaction, 2) Barton-McCombie reaction, 3) regioselective photolytic-addition of thiolacetic acid toward 25-double bond, and 4) in situ Michael addition between the thiol and a cross-linker.
The Synthesis of a Reconstituted C60-Modified Protein
Authors: Murakami Hiroto , Okusa Yuko , Kiyonaka Shigeki , Hamachi Itaru , Shinkai Seiji , Nakashima Naotoshi 
Published: May 2003

Abstract
We designed and synthesized reconstituted C60-modified myoglobin (C60-Mb) and found that fundamental characteristics, except autoxidation rate constants, of C60-Mb and native Mb were almost identical.
Mild, Efficient and Selective Nitration of Anilides, Non-Activated and Moderately Activated Aromatic Compounds with Ammonium Molybdate and Nitric Acid as a New Nitrating Agent
Authors: Sana Sariah , Rajanna K C , Ali Mir Moazzam , Saiprakash P K 
Published: May 2003

Abstract
Ammonium molybdate [Mo(VI)] is operationally simple, environmentally safe and inexpensive reagent. Regioselective nitration of anilides, non-activated and moderately activated aromatic compounds could be afforded by employing ammonium molybdate and nitric acid as mild and effective nitrating agent. This procedure works efficiently under reflux conditions to prepare mononitroderivatives of anilides, non-activated and moderately activated aromatic compounds in good to excellent yield with high regioselectivity.
A Novel Fluorescent Dicarboxylic Acid, (Z)-1,7-Nonadecadiene-2,3-dicarboxylic Acid, Produced by White-Rot Fungus Ceriopsis subvermispora
Authors: Enoki Makiko , Watanabe Takashi , Honda Yoichi , Kuwahara Masaaki 
Published: May 2003

Abstract
A novel fluorescent dicarboxylic acid bearing a long alkenyl side chain, (Z)-1,7-nonadecadiene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid, was isolated from cultures of a white-rot fungus Ceriporiopsis subvermispora. This is the first report of a microorganism that produces an amphiphilic itaconic acid derivative with a long aliphatic side chain.
Calix[n]arenes Provided with Thiols for Modified Electrode Applications; Ring-size Dependent Voltammetric Behavior toward Ferrocene Derivatives
Authors: Nakano Koji , Tanaka Sachiko , Takagi Makoto , Shinkai Seiji 
Published: May 2003

Abstract
Calix[n]arenes (n = 4, 6) adlayers formed by thiol-aided self-assembly showed calixarene ring-size distinctive voltammetric behavior to water-soluble ferrocene derivatives. Computer simulations of the cyclic voltammetric i-E responses were made and parameters for the electrode reaction were discussed.
Synthesis and Structure of a Diselenido-Bridged Dinuclear Ruthenium Complex [{RuCl(P(OMe)3)2}2(μ-Se2)(μ-Cl)2]
Authors: Mizutani Jun , Matsumoto Kazuko 
Published: May 2003

Abstract
A diselenido-bridged dinuclear ruthenium complex, [{RuCl(P(OMe)3)2}2(μ-Se2)(μ-Cl)2] was synthesized by the reaction of trans-[RuCl2{P(OMe)3}4] and red amorphous selenium. A single crystal X-ray structure analysis showed that the topological geometry was the same as that of the disulfido analogue. The Ru-Se and Se-Se lengths are longer than the corresponding ones in the disulfido analogue according to the difference between the covalent radii of sulfur and selenium. Electrochemical measurement indicated that the title complex undergoes electrical reduction and subsequent chemical reaction.
Photoreduction of Self-Assembled Lipidporphyrinato-iron(III) Chloride with Hyaluronic Acid under Semi-Physiological Conditions
Authors: Komatsu Teruyuki , Yanagimoto Tetsuya , Nakagawa Akito , Tsuchida Eishun 
Published: May 2003

Abstract
Photoirradiation into the LMCT band (λmax: 362 nm) of self-assembled amphiphilic tetraphenylporphyrinato-iron(III) (lipidporphyrinato-iron(III)) chloride with hyaluronic acid leads to reduction of the central ferric ion in saline solution (pH 7.4, 25 °C); the obtained lipidporphyrinato-iron(II) can reversibly bind and release dioxygen.
Chiari I malformation and cloacal exstrophy: Report of a patient with both defects of blastogenesis
Authors: Tubbs R. Shane , Smyth Matthew D. , Oakes W. Jerry 
Published: May 2003

AbstractWe report on child with Chiari I malformation (CIM) and cloacal exstrophy, a combination of findings that has not been reported previously. CIM and cloacal exstrophy both demonstrate abnormalities that represent maldevelopment of the midline field. This combination of anomalies in this patient suggests an impairment of midline development during blastogenesis. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
IL‐1α (− 889) promoter polymorphism is a risk factor for osteomyelitis
Authors: Asensi Víctor , Alvarez Victoria , Valle Eulalia , Meana Alvaro , Fierer Joshua , Coto Eliecer , Carton José Antonio , Maradona José Antonio , Paz José , Dieguez Maria Angeles , Fuente Belén de la , Moreno Alfonso , Rubio Silvino , Tuya Maria José , Sarasúa Julián , Llames Sara , Arribas José Manuel 
Published: May 2003

AbstractAs osteomyelitis (OM) induces the synthesis of inflammatory cytokines and IL‐1 mediates bone resorption by osteoclasts we determined if there is an association between certain common polymorphisms of the genes encoding proinflammatory cytokines (IL‐1α and β, IL‐6, TNF‐α) and OM in adults. The IL‐1α (− 889) TT genotype was significantly more frequent among 52 OM patients than in 109 healthy controls (13/52, [25.0%] vs. 9/109, [8.3%], P = 0.0081, χ2 = 7.01, OR = 3.7, 95% CI, 1.35–10.34). Patients who were homozygous for the T allele were younger than the rest of the OM patients (mean age 35.7 ± 11.5 vs. 58.1 ± 18.6 years, P = 0.001). IL‐1β TT (+ 3953) polymorphism was also more frequent in OM patients (P = 0.014, χ2 = 5.12, OR = 5.1, 95% CI, 1.21–52.14), but IL‐1β is in linkage disequilibrium with the IL‐1α *T (P < 0.001). Route of infection, chronicity of the infection, type of microorganism isolated, and frequency of relapses were similar in patients with and without the IL‐1α TT genotype. There were no associations between OM and polymorphisms of other cytokines genes. IL‐1α serum levels were significantly increased in all the OM patients independently of their IL‐1 genotype compared to the controls (P = 0.021). Although IL‐1α serum levels were not significantly higher in patients with the IL‐1α (− 889) polymorphism, this does not exclude a difference in production of IL‐1α by osteoclasts or other inflammatory cells at the site of infection. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Carboranyl derivatives of amineboranes and boron analogs of esters: a synthetic investigation
Authors: Rana Geeta , Vyakaranam Kamesh , Ledger Sarah C. , Delaney Shannon L. , Maguire John A. , Hosmane Narayan S. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractNew functionalized carboranyl derivatives of amineboranes and boron analogs of esters are reported. The reaction of 1,12‐(aminopropyl)‐1,12‐dicarbadodecaborane (2), 2‐(aminopropyl)‐1,2‐dicarbadodecaborane (4), 1‐methyl‐2‐(aminopropyl)‐1,2‐dicarbadodecaborane (6), 1‐phenyl‐2‐(aminopropyl)‐1,2‐dicarbadodecaborane (8) with Me3NBH2X produced novel carboranylamineboranes of the general formula 1,12‐[(CH2)3NH2BH2X]2‐1,12‐C2B10H10 [X = CN (2a), COOCH3 (2b), CONHEt (2c), CONHCH(CH2C6H5)COOCH3 (2d), CONHCH(CH3)COOCH3 (2e), CONHCH[CH(CH3)2]COOCH3 (2f), CONHCH(CH2C6H4OH)COOCH3 (2g), 1‐CH2NH2BH2CN (2h)] or 1‐R‐2‐[(CH2)3NH2BH2X]‐1,2‐C2B10H10 {R = H, X = CN (4a), COOCH3 (4b), CONHEt (4c), COOH (4d); R = CH3, X = CN (6a), COOCH3 (6b), CONHCH(CH2C6H5)COOCH3 (6c), CONHCH(CH3)COOCH3 (6d), CONHCH[CH(CH3)2]COOCH3 (6e), CONHCH(CH2C6H4OH)COOCH3 (6f); R = C6H5, X = CN (8a), COOCH3 (8b), CONHCH(CH2C6H5)COOCH3 (8c), CONHCH(CH3)COOCH3 (8d), CONHCH[CH(CH3)2]COOCH3 (8e), CONHCH(CH2C6H4OH)COOCH3 (8f)} by the amine exchange reaction. The reaction of 1‐(aminomethyl)‐1,2‐dicarbadodecaborane with Me3NBH2X (X = CN) produced 1‐[CH2NH2BH2CN]‐1,2‐C2B10H10 (2h). Compounds 2a, 4a, 6a, and 8a were also synthesized by the reaction of 1,12‐(aminopropyl)‐1,12‐dicarbadodecaborane hydrochloride (1), 2‐(aminopropyl)‐1,2‐dicarbadodecaborane hydrochloride (3), 1‐methyl‐2‐(aminopropyl)‐1,2‐dicarbadodecaborane hydrochloride (5), 1‐phenyl‐2‐(aminopropyl)‐1,2‐dicarbadodecaborane hydrochloride (7) with sodium cyanoborohydride. The reaction of Li2[1,2‐CO2‐1,2‐C2B10H10] (9) or Li[1‐R‐2‐CO2‐1,2‐C2B10H10], R = CH3 (10), R = C6H5 (11), with Me3NBH2I gave 1,2‐CO2BH2NMe3‐1,2‐C2B10H10 (9a) or 1‐R‐2‐CO2BH2NMe3‐1,2‐C2B10H10, R = CH3 (10a), R = C6H5 (11a), as new boron analogs of esters. All of these compounds were characterized by IR spectroscopy, 1H, 13C and 11B NMR spectroscopy and chemical analyses. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cobalt(II) and iron(II) bis(2,2′ : 6′,2″‐terpyridine) complexes functionalized with alkynes and cobalt carbonyl clusters
Authors: Constable Edwin C. , Hart Christopher P. , Housecroft Catherine E. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractThe preparation and characterization of new cobalt(II) and iron(II) complexes containing alkyne or cobalt cluster functionalized 2,2′ : 6′,2″‐terpyridine ligands are described. The cobalt(II) complexes exhibit paramagnetically shifted, but well‐resolved, 1H NMR spectra that are characteristic of low‐spin cobalt(II) solution species. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bi‐ and tri‐metallic {Cp*RhCl} fragments partnered with carborane monoanions [CB11H6Y6]− (Y = H, Br): control of nuclearity by choice of anion
Authors: Patmore Nathan J. , Mahon Mary F. , Weller Andrew S. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractReaction of [Cp*RhCl2]2 (Cp* = pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) with Ag[closo‐CB11H12] affords the dinuclear salt [Cp*RhCl]2[CB11H12]2 (1), which in the solid state reveals a single carborane anion interacting with two {Cp*RhCl} fragments, via two BHRh interactions. With Ag[closo‐CB11H6Br6] the trimetallic complex [{Cp*Rh(µ2‐Cl)} 3(µ3‐Cl)][closo‐CB11H6Br6]2 (2) results. In the solid state, three metal fragments and four chloride ligands form seven‐corners of a cube, and the eighth vertex is completed by a cage CH unit hydrogen bonded to three bridging chloride ligands. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of a novel boronated 1‐aminocyclobutanecarboxylic acid as a potential boron neutron capture therapy agent
Authors: Kabalka George W. , Yao Min‐Liang 
Published: May 2003

AbstractA boronated aminocyclobutanecarboxylic acid was synthesized for potential use in neutron capture therapy. The synthesis involves the preparation of hydroxymethylcyclobutanone ketal, which is then converted to an amino acid using Bucherer–Strecker methodology. The molecule is modeled after the unnatural amino acid, 1‐aminocyclobutanecarboxylic acid, which has demonstrated high uptake in brain tumors. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Organometallic chemistry on rhodaheteroborane clusters: reactions with bidentate phosphines and organotransition metal reagents
Authors: Volkov Oleg , Macías Ramón , Rath Nigam P. , Barton Lawrence 
Published: May 2003

AbstractThis article reviews our recent work on the reactions of the rhodaheteroboranes [8,8‐(PPh3)2‐nido‐8,7‐RhSB9H10] (1) and [9,9‐(PPh3)2‐nido‐9,7,8‐RhC2B8H11] (2), and their derivatives, with the bidentate phosphines, dppe [(CH2)2(PPh2)2], dppp [(CH2)3(PPh2)2], and dppm [CH2(PPh2)2], and also with organotransition metal reagents. Simple substitution of the two PPh3 ligands by a single bidentate phosphine takes place when a 1 : 1 molar ratio of base (dppe or dppp) to rhodathiaborane (1) is used. However, in the presence of an excess of dppe or dppp, products containing 1 or 2 mol of base are formed. These products include a bidentate ligand on the metal and a monodentate ligand on the cage. The displaced hydrogen atom from the cage has moved to the metal center. These bis(ligand) species are unstable with respect to the loss of dihydrogen, affording closo‐11 vertex clusters with a pendent phosphine ligand on the cage. In concentrated solutions, the pendent phosphine attacks another cage to afford linked clusters. Under both sets of conditions, when dppm is used, only one product is observed. This species has two dppm ligands coordinated to the metal: one in a unidentate mode and the other bidentate. A similar product is obtained in the reaction of 2 with dppm, although the arrangement of the ligands on the metal in the product is different. Ligand exchange experiments on the dppm–thiaborane system lead to results that provide keys to the reaction pathways in some of these processes. The bis(dppm) derivatives of 1 and 2 are amenable to further derivatization. A second metal may be added, either as an exo‐polyhedral atom in a nido cluster in which the metal is part of a bidentate ligand, in the case of 1 and 2, or in a closo cluster derivative of 1 in which the metal is bonded to a dangling PPh2 moiety. Thus, it was possible to add the metals iridium, rhodium or ruthenium to the cluster, in the case of 1 and ruthenium in the case of 2. However, the reaction of more electrophilic organotransition metal reagents, such as Wilkinson's catalyst, with the dppm derivative of 1 affords species resulting from removal of ligand rather than incorporation of metal, and the products shed light on the rearrangement processes in these systems. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Syntheses and structures of mono‐cyclopentadienyl di‐iodide complexes of the lanthanides: X‐ray crystal structures of Cp‴LaI2py3 (Cp‴ = [η5‐C5H2(SiMe3)3‐1,2,4]−; py = pyridine) and Cp‴LaI2(bipy)py (bipy = 2, 2′‐bipyridine)
Authors: Giesbrecht Garth R. , Clark David L. , Gordon John C. , Scott Brian L. 
Published: May 2003

Abstract[η5‐C5H2(SiMe3)3‐1,2,4]K reacts with LaI3(THF)4 in tetrahydrofuran (THF) to form the mono‐ring complex [η5‐C5H2(SiMe3)3‐1,2,4]LaI2(THF)x (1). Elemental analysis and 1H NMR spectroscopy indicate that the coordinated THF molecules are labile and are easily removed under vacuum. The THF adduct 1 is readily converted to the more stable pyridine complex [η5‐C5H2(SiMe3)3‐1,2,4]LaI2py3 (2) by the addition of excess pyridine to a toluene solution of 1. Although solid samples of 2 lose pyridine less readily, the pyridine molecules exchange with solvent molecules, and in the presence of a large excess of THF, 1 is re‐formed. Complex 2 may be crystallized from toluene, and an X‐ray diffraction study revealed a monomeric species with the two iodide ligands trans to each other, and three pyridines arranged in a meridional fashion. The addition of one equivalent of 2,2′‐bipyridine to a toluene solution of 1 yields the bipyridine adduct, [η5‐C5H2(SiMe3)3‐1,2,4]LaI2(bipy) (3). In contrast to 1 and 2, the bipyridine molecule in 3 remains ligated to the lanthanum center in all solvents. Complex 3·py may be crystallized from THF–pyridine; in this case, the presence of bipyridine forces a cis orientation of the two iodide ligands. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the imposition of essential boundary conditions in natural neighbour Galerkin methods
Authors: Cueto E. , Cegoñino J. , Calvo B. , Doblaré M. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractIn this paper issues related to the imposition of essential boundary conditions in Natural Neighbour Galerkin methods are addressed. Both Sibson and non‐Sibson interpolants ability to exactly reproduce essential boundary conditions is investigated and a new analytical condition ensuring linear precision along explicitly described (i.e. CAD) boundaries in both two and three dimensions is presented. The paper is completed with some benchmark numerical examples. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Expression of Sox3 throughout the developing central nervous system is dependent on the combined action of discrete, evolutionarily conserved regulatory elements
Authors: Brunelli Silvia , Silva Casey Elena , Bell Donald , Harland Richard , Lovell‐Badge Robin 
Published: May 2003

AbstractSummary: SOX3 is one of the earliest neural markers in vertebrates and is thought to play a role in specifying neuronal fate. To investigate the regulation of Sox3 expression we identified cis‐regulatory regions in the Sox3 promoter that direct tissue‐specific heterologous marker gene expression in transgenic mice. Our results show that an 8.3 kb fragment, comprising 3 kb upstream and 3 kb downstream of the Sox3 transcriptional unit, is sufficient in a lacZ reporter construct to reproduce most aspects of Sox3 expression during CNS development from headfold to midgestation stages. The apparently uniform expression of Sox3 in the neural tube depends, however, on the combined action of distinct regulatory modules within this 8.3 kb region. Each of these gives expression in a subdomain of the complete expression pattern. These are restricted along both the rostral‐caudal and dorso‐ventral axes and can be quite specific, one element giving expression largely confined to V2 interneuron precursors. We also find that at least some of the regulatory sequences are able to drive expression of the transgene in the CNS Xenopus laevis embryos in a manner that reflects the endogenous Sox3 expression pattern. These results imply that the underlying mechanism regulating early CNS patterning is conserved, despite several substantial differences in neurogenesis between mammals and amphibians. genesis 36:12–24, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Targeted disruption of the heat shock transcription factor (hsf)‐2 gene results in increased embryonic lethality, neuronal defects, and reduced spermatogenesis
Authors: Wang Guanghu , Zhang Jing , Moskophidis Demetrius , Mivechi Nahid F. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractSummary: Heat shock transcription factors (Hsfs) are major transactivators of heat shock protein (Hsp) genes in the response to stress stimuli, but are also thought to be involved in embryonic development and spermatogenesis. Among the three known mammalian Hsfs, Hsf1 is recognized as the most effective transactivator of Hsps in response to thermal challenge, but the role of Hsf2 in regulation of genes under normal or increased stress conditions in vivo remains elusive. To study its physiological function in vivo, we generated mice deficient in hsf2 by gene targeting. We report here that hsf2−/− mice exhibit multiple phenotypes, including an increased prenatal lethality occurring between mid‐gestation to birth, with fetal death probably due to central nervous system defects including collapse of the lateral ventricles and ventricular hemorrhages. Approximately 30% of hsf2−/− animals surviving to adulthood exhibited brain abnormalities characterized by marked dilation of the third and lateral ventricles. In addition, disruption of hsf2 resulted in reduced female fertility; however, despite ubiquitous expression in the testes and markedly reduced testis size and sperm count, only a small reduction in fertility was apparent in hsf2−/− male mice. Immunoblotting and gene expression microarray analysis of hsf2−/− embryos did not reveal reduced Hsp expression levels, indicating that the defects observed in hsf2−/− embryos may not result from disruption of Hsp expression. These findings suggest that hsf2 has a major function in controlling expression of genes important for embryonic development and maintenance of sperm production. genesis 36:48–61, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Measurement of transmittance and permittivity of dielectric materials using dispersive Fourier transform spectroscopy
Authors: Afsar Mohammed N. , Wang Yong , Moonshiram Anusha 
Published: May 2003

AbstractTransmittance and permittivity of several dielectric materials such as plexiglas, acrylic, and polypropylene were measured using dispersive Fourier transform spectroscopy (DFTS). The measured results showed that the transmittance of plexiglas and acrylic specimens decreases with the increase of frequency in the range of 50–380 GHz. Accurate spectra of complex permittivity and loss tangent of these specimens in this frequency range are also given. Very good agreement was seen in the overlapped frequency range between the measured data and the published data, measured using other techniques such as the W‐band spectrometer with backward wave oscillator and the free‐space measurement. This technique can be used for measurements of various dielectric materials, provided that flat specimens are available. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 38: 27–30, 2003
Computer‐aided optimization of broadband nonlinear RF/microwave circuits by evolutionary algorithms coupled with neural models
Authors: Borghi Carlo Angelo , Fabbri Massimo , Lipparini Alessandro , Mastri Franco , Rizzoli Vittorio 
Published: May 2003

AbstractThe paper discusses the generation of a family of neural models for spiral inductors and MIM capacitors, and their use in broadband nonlinear circuit optimization by evolutionary algorithms. It is shown that the resulting optimization process is fast and well behaved, and can achieve the same circuit performance produced by a design approach based on lumped passive components. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 38: 46–52, 2003