bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulation of population size and economic scale supportable by available freshwater in China in 2030
Authors: Guo Lishuo , Wang Qinpeng 
Published: October 2023

AbstractLimited water availability, population growth, and increasing water demand have resulted in freshwater crises in many countries, including China. In this paper, the water resource‐carrying capacity (WRCC) model simulated the trajectory of China's various systems, representing interactions among humans, water resources, and economics, among others. The results indicated that, at the national level, 700 billion m3 of available freshwater could support population sizes of 2.12, 1.96, and 1.85 billion, along with economic sizes of $40.65, $34.08, and $29.21 trillion, under high‐, moderate‐, and low‐development scenarios, respectively. And it also showed the population and economic size of each province across China under high‐, moderate‐, and low‐development scenarios. This study's WRCC‐based simulations can provide guidance for future policies related to water, population, and economics. Overall, contributions of this study include (1) a quantitative model related to freshwater security and water policies; (2) the model narratives that paint a better picture of China's future water security and socioeconomic development; (3) the conclusion that it is conducive to adjust water use rigid constraints with water policies; (4) an understanding that it is more intuitive to use population size and economic scale instead of dimensionless scores to characterize the state of WRCC. The WRCC model is instructive for the other counties or regions.
Greening the flow: Harnessing foreign remittances for sustainable development and environmental governance: Evidence from 2SLS testing approach
Authors: Naseem Sobia , Hu Xuhua , Sarfraz Muddassar , Mohsin Muhammad 
Published: October 2023

AbstractForeign remittances have significantly impacted recipient countries' economic growth and financial development over the past few decades. However, eco‐friendly climate change mitigation techniques must be implemented immediately due to the environmental implications of foreign remittances. Recipient nations' industrial and agricultural sectors are bolstered by remittances, ultimately contributing to carbon dioxide emissions. This paper examines the effects of remittances on economic growth by incorporating CO2 emissions, financial development, industry, and agriculture‐added value. This study examines panel data spanning 32 years (1990–2021) for eight countries: China, the Philippines, Egypt, India, Mexico, Nigeria, Bangladesh, and Pakistan. The relationship among selected variables and their impact on CO2 emission is examined using the two‐stage least squares (2SLS) and Granger causality approach. The empirical results show that increased financial development and economic growth decrease environmental quality through toxic CO2 emissions. The remittances and agricultural sector help to mitigate CO2 emission by their negative contribution toward environmentally destructive activities in top remittances‐based countries. Except for agriculture, CO2 emission is bidirectionally related to all variables. Incorporating industrialization (as an instrumental variable) to improve the financial system leads to an upward trend in CO2 emissions reduction. As a result, the study makes important suggestions to economists and policymakers on reducing CO2 emissions in Asian countries.
Comparative phylogeography reveals dissimilar genetic differentiation patterns in two sympatric amphibian species
Authors: PAN Tao , ZHANG Caiwen , OROZCO TERWENGEL Pablo , WANG Hui , DING Ling , YANG Liuyang , HU Chaochao , LI Wengang , ZHOU Wenliang , WU Xiaobing , ZHANG Baowei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractGlobal climate change is expected to have a profound effect on species distribution. Due to the temperature constraints, some narrow niche species could shift their narrow range to higher altitudes or latitudes. In this study, we explored the correlation between species traits, genetic structure, and geographical range size. More specifically, we analyzed how these variables are affected by differences in fundamental niche breadth or dispersal ability in the members of two sympatrically distributed stream‐dwelling amphibian species (frog, Quasipaa yei; salamander, Pachyhynobius shangchengensis), in Dabie Mountains, East China. Both species showed relatively high genetic diversity in most geographical populations and similar genetic diversity patterns (JTX, low; BYM, high) correlation with habitat changes and population demography. Multiple clustering analyses were used to disclose differentiation among the geographical populations of these two amphibian species. Q. yei disclosed the relatively shallow genetic differentiation, while P. shangchengensis showed an opposite pattern. Under different historical climatic conditions, all ecological niche modeling disclosed a larger suitable habitat area for Q. yei than for P. shangchengensis; these results indicated a wider environment tolerance or wider niche width of Q. yei than P. shangchengensis. Our findings suggest that the synergistic effects of environmental niche variation and dispersal ability may help shape genetic structure across geographical topology, particularly for species with extremely narrow distribution.
Individual‐based landscape genomics for conservation: An analysis pipeline
Authors: Chambers E. Anne , Bishop Anusha P. , Wang Ian J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractLandscape genomics can harness environmental and genetic data to inform conservation decisions by providing essential insights into how landscapes shape biodiversity. The massive increase in genetic data afforded by the genomic era provides exceptional resolution for answering critical conservation genetics questions. The accessibility of genomic data for non‐model systems has also enabled a shift away from population‐based sampling to individual‐based sampling, which now provides accurate and robust estimates of genetic variation that can be used to examine the spatial structure of genomic diversity, population connectivity and the nature of environmental adaptation. Nevertheless, the adoption of individual‐based sampling in conservation genetics has been slowed due, in large part, to concerns over how to apply methods developed for population‐based sampling to individual‐based sampling schemes. Here, we discuss the benefits of individual‐based sampling for conservation and describe how landscape genomic methods, paired with individual‐based sampling, can answer fundamental conservation questions. We have curated key landscape genomic methods into a user‐friendly, open‐source workflow, which we provide as a new R package, A Landscape Genomics Analysis Toolkit in R (algatr). The algatr package includes novel added functionality for all of the included methods and extensive vignettes designed with the primary goal of making landscape genomic approaches more accessible and explicitly applicable to conservation biology.
Gender moderates the association between posttraumatic stress disorder and mutual intimate partner violence in an emergency department sample
Authors: Caetano Raul , Cunradi Carol , Ponicki William R. , Alter Harrison J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIntroductionPatients in emergency departments (EDs) constitute a diverse population with multiple health‐related risk factors, many of which are associated with intimate partner violence (IPV). This paper examines the interaction effect of depression, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), impulsivity, drug use, adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), at‐risk drinking, and having a hazardous drinker partner with gender on mutual physical IPV in an urban ED sample.MethodsResearch assistants surveyed 1037 married, cohabiting, or partnered patients in face‐to‐face interviews (87% response rate) regarding IPV exposure, alcohol and drug use, psychological distress, ACEs, and other sociodemographic features. IPV was measured with the Revised Conflict Tactics Scale. Interaction effects were examined in multinomial and logistic models.ResultsResults showed a significant interaction of gender and PTSD (odds ratio [OR] 3.06, 95% CI 1.21–7.23, p < 0.05) for mutual IPV. Regarding main effects, there were also statistically significant positive associations between mutual physical IPV and at‐risk drinking (OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.07–2.77, p < 0.05), having a hazardous drinker partner (OR 2.19, 95% CI 1.35–3.55, p < 0.01), illicit drug use (OR 2.09, 95% CI 1.18–3.71, p < 0.01), ACEs (OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.06–1.42, p < 0.01), days of cannabis use past in the 12 months (OR 1.003, 95% CI 1.002–1.005, p < 0.001), and impulsivity (OR 2.04, 95% CI 1.29–3.22, p < 0.01).ConclusionsIPV risk assessment in EDs will be more effective if implemented with attention to patients' gender and the presence of various and diverse other risk factors, especially PTSD.
Pairwise comparisons of three medication adherence outcomes in adolescents who use alcohol
Authors: Kirkland Anna E. , Tomko Rachel L. , Green ReJoyce , Browning Brittney D. , Ferguson Pamela L. , Liu Helen , Miranda Robert , Gray Kevin M. , Squeglia Lindsay M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundAccurate assessment of medication adherence is important for understanding pharmacotherapy outcomes across all phases of adolescent substance use disorder (SUD) clinical trials. The objective of this study was to describe and assess the pairwise concordance between three commonly used non‐biological medication adherence assessment methods in adolescents who use alcohol to inform the selection of medication adherence measures for use in future youth SUD trials.MethodsParticipants (N = 32, 17–19‐years‐old) took N‐acetylcysteine and placebo, in a randomized cross‐over design, for 10 days each. Medication adherence was assessed (20 days total) via pill count, medication videos submitted twice daily, and the Medication Event Monitoring System (MEMS®). Lin's Concordance Correlation Coefficient (CCC) assessed concordance and Bland–Altman plots are reported. Linear mixed‐effects models with main effects of medication, treatment block (first medication, second medication), and sequence were also run.ResultsMedication videos yielded the lowest (64%) and pill count yielded the highest (89%) adherence estimates. CCC values indicated poor correspondence, except between pill count and MEMS. The Bland–Altman plots showed good pairwise agreement between all methods. Linear mixed‐effects models indicated a difference between the first and second cross‐over medication, with adherence estimates being lower for the second medication, regardless of whether it was N‐acetylcysteine or placebo.ConclusionsThe study yielded important and practical information. First, incorporating more than one method of adherence assessment may capture estimated floor and ceiling adherence in the absence of a biological marker. This is particularly relevant for remote or hybrid studies where bio‐marker collection is challenging. Selection of the assessment methods will depend on study goals. Second, the continuation of medication adherence research can benefit each phase of clinical trials and inform rigorous pharmacotherapy evaluation.
Food security dynamics in the United States, 2001–2017
Authors: Lee Seungmin , Barrett Christopher B. , Hoddinott John F. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe study household food security dynamics in the United States from 2001 to 2017 using a new measure, the probability of food security (PFS), the estimated probability that a household's food expenditures equal or exceed the minimum cost of a healthful diet. We use PFS to analyze household‐level and subpopulation‐scale dynamics by investigating the conditional distribution of estimated food insecurity spells and the chronic and transient components of estimated food insecurity. We find that two‐thirds of households experienced no estimated food insecurity during the 2001 to 2017 period and more than half of newly food insecure households regain food security within 2 years. Households headed by female, non‐White, or less educated individuals disproportionately suffer persistent, chronic, and/or severe food insecurity.
Dynamics and determinants of human–hyaena conflicts in the surroundings of a protected area
Authors: Gonhi Prudence , Chibememe Gladman , Utete Beaven , Mahakata Innocent , Madamombe Honest 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHuman–wildlife conflicts (HWC) predominate in areas proximal to wildlife rich protected zones. Whereas herbivore driven HWC is easy to detect, the stealth, nocturnal and predacious nature of carnivores leads to human injury and fatality, livestock depredation and loss of livelihoods in communities proximal to Sengwa Wildlife Research Area (SWRA) in northwest Zimbabwe. This study aimed to: (1) determine the nature of human–hyaena conflicts (HHCs), (2) explore the drivers of HHCs and (3) investigate the spatial and temporal movement patterns of hyaenas in HHC hotspots in areas proximal to SWRA. The results indicated that prevalent HHC types include livestock depredation, property damage, harassment, nuisance and disruption of human movements around SWRA. Locals indicated removal of park fences, human settlement on wildlife migration corridors, increases in hyaena populations, easy stray livestock targets, increased poaching and removal of natural wildlife death carcasses by illegal hunters as key drivers of HHC. Hyaenas have a predetermined non‐seasonal movement pattern following traditional wildlife migration corridors through SWRA into proximal communities. Human–hyaena conflict abatement strategies should be underpinned by indigenous local knowledge of hyaena movement and hunting patterns. Integrating citizen science data and remote sensing techniques aids to track and understand movement and hunting patterns of hyaenas inside and outside of protected areas.
Non‐fatal removal of ground pangolin (Smutsia temminckii Smuts, 1832) tracking devices by predators
Authors: Carroll Daire , Harvey‐Carroll Jessica , Trivella Cara‐Marie , Connelly Ellen 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe ground pangolin (Smutsia temminckii Smuts 1832) is vulnerable to extinction due to poaching and trafficking. Recovery of pangolins from the trade and subsequent rehabilitation and release form a core component of pangolin conservation. Post‐release monitoring of rehabilitated pangolins through the attachment of very high frequency (VHF) transmitters and satellite devices is carried out to determine the efficacy of release protocols. We report on 14 confirmed and 19 potential incidents of device removal by predators during non‐fatal attacks, which occurred over a 6 year period. During this time, 78 devices were deployed 109 times attached to 36 rehabilitated pangolins. These incidents should be considered during the design of future post‐release monitoring protocols.
Increased spine bone density in patients with chronic hepatitis B switched to tenofovir alafenamide: A prospective, multinational study
Authors: Ogawa Eiichi , Jun Dae Won , Toyoda Hidenori , Hsu Yao‐Chun , Yoon Eileen L. , Ahn Sang Bong , Yeh Ming‐Lun , Do Son , Trinh Huy N. , Takahashi Hirokazu , Enomoto Masaru , Kawada Norifumi , Yasuda Satoshi , Tseng Cheng‐Hao , Kawashima Keigo , Lee Han Ah , Inoue Kaori , Haga Hiroaki , Do Ai‐Thien , Maeda Mayumi , Hoang Joseph H. , Cheung Ramsey , Ueno Yoshiyuki , Eguchi Yuichiro , Furusyo Norihiro , Yu Ming‐Lung , Tanaka Yasuhito , Nguyen Mindie H. 
Published: October 2023

SummaryBackgroundData on patients switched to tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) from nucleos(t)ide analogues (NUCs) other than tenofovir disoproxil fumarate are limited.AimsTo assess the treatment and renal/bone safety outcomes following the switch to TAF.MethodsWe prospectively enrolled adult patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) who switched from any NUC to TAF at 14 centres in Japan, Korea, Taiwan and the U.S. Study outcomes were viral suppression (VR; HBV DNA < 20 IU/mL), biochemical response (BR; alanine aminotransferase normalisation), and changes in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and T‐scores (L‐spine) by bone absorptiometry by 24 months after switch to TAF.ResultsWe enrolled 270 eligible patients. Mean age was 58.1; 58.2% were male; 12.2% had cirrhosis and 73.3% previously received entecavir monotherapy. VR rate increased significantly from 95.2% to 98.8% by 24 months after the switch to TAF (p = 0.014). Between the switch and 24 months later, the mean spine T‐score improved significantly from −1.43 ± 1.36 to −1.17 ± 1.38 (p < 0.0001), while there was no significant change in mean eGFR (88.4 ± 16.9–89.5 ± 16.3 mL/min/1.73 m2, p = 0.13). On multivariable analysis adjusted for age, sex, baseline spine T‐score and prior TDF or adefovir dipivoxil use, male sex was significantly associated with lower risk of worsening spine T‐score (odds ratio: 0.29, p = 0.020), while age was significantly associated with a higher risk of worsening chronic kidney disease stage (OR: 1.07, p = 0.019).ConclusionsAt 24 months after the switch to TAF, VR rates and spine bone density improved significantly while renal function remained stable.
Short Research Article: Opening a new CAMHS day hospital – does it affect inpatient admissions and does it help at all?
Authors: John Sannie , Cohen Dermot 
Published: October 2023

BackgroundDay hospitals in child and adolescent mental health services are held to be helpful entities in the psychiatric care of young people. However, limited research has been done to look into how day hospitals and similar settings affect referrals, inpatient stays and in which cohort of patients do they show the most impact. This study's primary aims were to examine the impact of a new Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service (CAMHS) day hospital on referrals and admissions to the associated CAMHS in‐patient unit. A secondary aim of this study was to examine the demographics and clinical outcomes of the young people attending the day hospital.MethodsInformation was gathered using retrospective reviews of clinical files and databases.ResultsThere was a reduction in admissions and in the total bed days from the study area following the opening of the day hospital. There was an improvement in clinical outcomes for young people attending the day hospital.ConclusionDay hospital in child and adolescent mental health services can prove to be a useful modality to provide support to young people with a moderate to severe mental illness leading to reduced inpatient admissions and improving lengths of inpatient stay. It also improves clinical outcomes for cohorts of young people where inpatient stay is not warranted but higher levels of support is needed.
A cluster randomised controlled trial of an early childhood parenting programme delivered through early childhood education centres in rural Zimbabwe
Authors: Smith Joanne A. , Powell Christine A. , Chang Susan M. , Ganga Emily , Tanyanyiwa Hillary , Walker Susan P. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundEarly childhood is a critical period for child development. Effective approaches to support families in low‐resource settings in the use of responsive and stimulating parenting are needed.AimThe aim of this study was to examine the effects of the Reach Up early childhood parenting programme on children's development, parenting attitudes and practices, when delivered through early childhood development (ECD) centres in Zimbabwe.MethodsA cluster randomised controlled trial was conducted in Sanyati, a rural district in Zimbabwe. Twenty‐four of 51 available centres were randomised to intervention (n = 12) or control (n = 12) groups. Sixteen mothers with a child aged 12–30 months were recruited from each centre's catchment area (n = 189 intervention; n = 193 control). The intervention comprised two home visits per month delivered by centre teaching assistants over a period of 27 months. Primary outcomes were child Developmental Quotient (DQ), Language, Eye and Hand coordination, Performance and Practical Reasoning subscale scores assessed at follow‐up. Secondary outcomes were mothers' attitudes about child development, parenting practices and maternal depressive symptoms all measured at baseline and follow‐up. Intention to treat analyses was conducted using mixed‐effects regression models with the standard error adjusted for cluster and inverse proportionality weights to adjust for attrition. Significance was set at P < 0.05.ResultsA total of 285 (74.6%) of 382 children enrolled were tested, with 97 children lost to follow‐up. The intervention improved the children's DQ by 3.55 points (95% CI 0.82 to 6.28), Eye and Hand by 3.58 (95% CI 0.59 to 6.56) and Practical Reasoning by 4.19 (95% CI 0.96 to 7.42). No significant improvements to Performance or Language scores, parenting attitudes, parenting practices and depressive symptoms were identified.ConclusionsA home visiting intervention delivered by ECD teaching assistants promoted children's development. This suggests that outreach from preschools may be an effective platform for delivery of parenting interventions.
Social and ecological drivers of illegal bird hunting in the Indawgyi wetland ecosystem in Myanmar
Authors: Htay Thazin , Htoo Kyaw Kyaw , Røskaft Eivin , Ringsby Thor Harald , Ranke Peter Sjolte 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHunting and illegal bird killing are major concerns for avian conservation globally. Unsustainable bird hunting in wetland habitats, particularly those located along important flyways, has contributed to avifauna defaunation and species endangerment. Since wetlands are primary habitats for migratory birds and are associated with anthropogenic landscapes, a comprehensive understanding of bird harvesting, and its drivers is fundamental to reduce threats to current avifauna. In this study, we examined the distribution of illegal bird hunting and its socioecological drivers in the Indawgyi wetland ecosystem in Myanmar by integrating data from bird surveys, household surveys, and market surveys. We found that illegal bird hunting using nets, traps, and poisonous substances is prevalent in areas close to water and during the migration season. People who had negative attitudes toward avian species were more likely to engage in bird hunting, primarily because of the conflicts between bird conservation and crop production. Socioeconomic needs were not the major driving factors of bird killing. We therefore suggest sustainable management interventions promoting coexistence by integrating bird conservation and agricultural production, accompanied by increasing awareness to improve avian conservation in an internationally important wetland in Myanmar.