bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FT‐IR spectrometry analysis of plasma fatty acyl moieties selective mobilization during endurance exercise
Authors: Petibois Cyril , Déléris Gérard 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThis study was designed to describe changes in plasma fatty acyl moieties during a 2‐h endurance exercise. Sixteen endurance‐trained subjects cycled 2 h at 55% of maximal power output and capillary blood was sampled every 15 min. Fourier‐transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectrometry was used to determine correlated changes between plasma fatty acyl moieties (FAM) structural characteristics and metabolic parameters (oxygen consumption, respiratory exchange ratio, glucose, lactate, TG, glycerol, and albumin). Opposite changes were found between carbohydrate and fatty acid metabolism during the second hour of exercise, i.e., a decrease of glucose and lactate concentrations while albumin, FAM, and TG increased. For fatty acid metabolism, FAM and TG did not showed the same pattern of changes at the end of exercise, i.e., TG remained constant after 90 min while FAM continued to increase. This late FAM concentration increase was correlated to the changes in albumin concentration and the ν CCH/νas CH3 and νas CH2/νas CH3 ratios. These ratios clearly showed that FAM unsaturation increased while chain length decreased. It was hypothesized that PUFA from TG adipose lipolysis ketone bodies (β‐hydroxybutyric acid) from liver may have been released in higher amounts as glycogen stores became depleted after 90 min of exercise. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 77: 345–353, 2005
Insights from ab initio quantum chemical calculations into the preferred tautomeric forms and binding affinities to CDK2 of substituted pyrazolopyridines
Authors: Duca José S. , Madison Vincent S. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractAb initio calculations were employed to compute pKa values and tautomer properties of a series of substituted pyrazolopyridines. The results show that the neutral 1H tautomer predominates, but upon protonation this proton migrates to give the preferred charged [2H,7H] tautomer. The basicity of the pyrazolopyridines is correlated with the electron donating capability of the 4‐substituent. Ab initio free energy calculations were also used to identify determinants of binding affinity for some recently published pyrazolopyridine inhibitors of CDK2. Hydrogen‐bonding affinity may be one important component of binding strength. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci), 2005
Treatment of peritoneal dissemination from gastric cancer by peritonectomy and chemohyperthermic peritoneal perfusion
Authors: Yonemura Y , Kawamura T , Bandou E , Takahashi S , Sawa T , Matsuki N 
Published: February 2005

Abstract

Background
There is no standard treatment for peritoneal dissemination from gastric cancer. A novel treatment consisting of peritonectomy and intraoperative chemohyperthermic peritoneal perfusion (CHPP) was compared with conventional surgery and CHPP.

Methods
Records of all patients who underwent CHPP after cytoreductive surgery between 1992 and 2002 were reviewed.

Results
Data for 107 patients with peritoneal dissemination were available. Complete cytoreduction was achieved in 47 (43·9 per cent) of the 107 patients: 18 of 65 who underwent conventional surgery and 29 of 42 who had peritonectomy. Twenty-three patients (21·5 per cent) suffered from complications. The overall operative mortality rate was 2·8 per cent. Seventeen patients (15·9 per cent) were disease free and 87 subsequent deaths were related to disease progression. The median survival for all patients was 11·5 months, with a 5-year survival rate of 6·7 per cent. Median survival after complete cytoreduction was 15·5 months and that after incomplete cytoreduction was 7·9 months, with 5-year survival rates of 13 and 2 per cent respectively. Completeness of cytoreduction and peritonectomy were independent prognostic factors. The 5-year survival rate after complete cytoreduction by peritonectomy with CHPP was 27 per cent.

Conclusion
Complete cytoreduction after peritonectomy and CHPP may improve the survival of patients with peritoneal dissemination from gastric cancer.
Radioimmunotherapy and colorectal cancer
Authors: Koppe M J , Bleichrodt R P , Oyen W J G , Boerman O C 
Published: February 2005

AbstractBackgroundDespite the success of radioimmunotherapy (RIT) using radiolabelled monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) directed against tumour-associated antigens in the treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, therapeutic success in solid tumours has been modest. In the past decade, a dozen Mabs have been investigated clinically for their potential usefulness in RIT of colorectal cancer.MethodsThe application of radiolabelled Mabs for the treatment of solid cancers is discussed, and clinical trials investigating RIT for colorectal cancer listed in the Medline and Embase databases are reviewed.ResultsUptake of radiolabelled Mabs in tumour and, consequently, the therapeutic efficacy of RIT is inversely correlated with tumour size. The bone marrow is the most important dose-limiting organ. Twenty-three phase I/II studies were found that investigated the feasibility and efficacy of RIT using five radionuclides and 15 Mabs against carcinoembryonic antigen, tumour-associated glycoprotein 72, epithelial cellular adhesion molecule, A33 or colon-specific antigen p, mainly in patients with advanced colorectal cancer. A few responses were recorded but no particular antibody construct seemed superior.ConclusionRIT might be an effective adjuvant treatment modality in colorectal cancer. Future studies should focus on its application in patients with small-volume or minimal residual disease.
Effects of a selective cyclo-oxygenase 2 inhibitor on colonic anastomotic and skin wound integrity (Br J Surg 2004; 91: 1613-1618)
Authors: Guy R J , Watkins P E 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
The Editors welcome topical correspondence from readers relating to articles published in the Journal. Responses can be sent electronically via the BJS website (www.bjs.co.uk) or by post. All letters will be reviewed and, if approved, appear on the website. A selection of these will be edited and published in the Journal. Letters must be no more than 250 words in length. Letters submitted by post should be typed on A4-sized paper in double spacing and should be accompanied by a disk.
Binding Cooperativity of Two Different Lewis Acid Groups at the Edge of Ferrocene
Authors: Boshra Ramez , Sundararaman Anand , Zakharov Lev N. , Incarvito Christopher D. , Rheingold Arnold L. , Jäkle Frieder 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe binding properties of heteronuclear bidentate Lewis acids, in which an organoboron and an organotin moiety are attached adjacent to each other at one of the Cp rings of ferrocene, have been studied. Treatment of [1,2‐fc(SnMe2Cl)(BClMe)] (1‐Cl) (fc = ferrocenediyl) with one equivalent of pyridine or 4‐dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) resulted in diastereoselective complexation of boron. Adducts 2 and 3 have been studied by multinuclear NMR, and the stereoselectivity of complexation was further confirmed by single crystal X‐ray diffraction of 2. The importance of cooperative effects that involve an intramolecular B‐Cl⋅⋅⋅Sn interaction on the diastereoselectivity is evident from comparison with binding studies on the phenyl‐substituted analogue [1,2‐fc(SnMe2Cl)(BPhMe)] (1‐Ph). Complexation of 1‐Ph led to diastereomeric mixtures of adducts 4 and 5, respectively, which were identified by multinuclear NMR including NOESY experiments. The solid‐state structure of one of the diastereomers of 5 was confirmed by X‐ray crystallography. Facile isomerization was found in solution and the barrier of activation was determined by VT NMR studies (4: Δ${G{{\,{\ne}\hfill \atop 298\hfill}}}$ = 54.9±0.4 kJ mol−1; 5: Δ${G{{\,{\ne}\hfill \atop 298\hfill}}}$ = 70.3±0.1 kJ mol−1). Competitive binding of pyridine to 1‐Cl and [FcB(Cl)Me] (Fc = ferrocenyl) showed that cooperative effects between tin and boron lead to significant Lewis acidity enhancement. Binding of a second nucleophile in the presence of excess of base occurred also at boron. The novel zwitterionic complexes [1,2‐fc(BMe(py)2)(SnMe2Cl2)] (6) and [1,2‐fc(BMe(dmap)2)(SnMe2Cl2)] (7) formed, which consist of boronium cation and stannate anion moieties. The structure of 7 in the solid‐state was confirmed by X‐ray crystallography. Multinuclear NMR data and competition experiments indicate weak binding of chloride to tin in 7 and partial dissociation in solution.
A Study of [Co2(alkyne)(binap)(CO)4] Complexes (BINAP=(1,1′‐Binaphthalene)‐2,2′‐diylbis(diphenylphosphine))
Authors: Gibson Susan E. , Kaufmann Karina A. C. , Loch Jennifer A. , Steed Jonathan W. , White Andrew J. P. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractUnderstanding the interaction of chiral ligands, alkynes, and alkenes with cobaltcarbonyl sources is critical to learning more about the mechanism of the catalytic, asymmetric Pauson–Khand reaction. We have successfully characterized complexes of the type [Co2(alkyne)(binap)(CO)4] (BINAP=(1,1′‐binaphthalene)‐2,2′‐diylbis(diphenylphosphine)) and shown that diastereomer interconversion occurs under Pauson–Khand reaction conditions when alkyne=HCCCO2Me. Attempts to isolate [Co2(alkyne)(binap)(CO)x] complexes with coordinated alkenes led to the formation of cobaltacyclopentadiene species.
Metastasis–An alternative hypothesis
Authors: Freireich Emil J , Kurzrock Razelle , Estrov Zeev 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe currently accepted models of metastasis are inconsistent with many clinical observations of the natural history of cancer and its response to therapy. Specifically, the authors suggest that it is time for a “paradigm shift.” It is time to reject the “local, regional, systemic hypothesis” of cancer and replace it with a hypothesis more consistent with the clinical facts, specifically, that cancer exists in many different forms (i.e. localized disease arising from locally acting carcinogens, which can spread locally and should be treated locally, and cancer that arises as localized disease but evolves to more malignant invasive disease [the current model of metastasis]). The other forms of cancer are systemic disease, which is induced by systemic carcinogens, and cancer arising in multiple cells and multiple sites, giving rise to a picture described as metastatic cancer. The importance of this paradigm shift is that more attention would be focused on identifying systemically acting carcinogens as they relate to etiology and to molecular abnormalities in the neoplastic cells that might be targeted clinically. Recent advances in cancer treatment have demonstrated that molecules that target cancer cell molecular abnormalities (rather than tissue of origin, lymph node, or metastasis) such as bcr‐abl or mutations in a cellular receptor such as c‐kit or epidermal growth factor possess curative potential. In addition, more attention should be devoted to distinguishing between local tumors and systemic disease, using sophisticated molecular biologic techniques. Perhaps most important, there is a need to devise therapeutic strategies that would treat cancer as a systemic illness and hopefully have a substantial impact on overall cancer mortality. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Kebebew Electron , Greenspan Francis S. , Clark Orlo H. , Woeber Kenneth A. , McMillan Alex 
Published: February 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDAnaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is rare but is one of the most aggressive human malignancies. Several prognostic factors have been observed in patients with ATC, and some experts advocate aggressive multimodal therapy in selected patients. However, it is unclear whether such an approach significantly improves survival. The authors analyzed prognostic factors and treatment outcomes in patients with ATC reported in the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data base.METHODSThe cohort consisted of 516 patients with ATC reported to 12 population‐based cancer registries between 1973 and 2000. Demographic, pathologic, and treatment data were used for univariate and multivariate survival analyses.RESULTSThe mean patient age at diagnosis was 71.3 years, and there were 171 men and 345 women. Eight percent of patients had intrathyroidal tumors, 38% had extrathyroidal tumors and/or lymph node invasion, and 43% of patients had distant metastasis. The average tumor size was 6.4 cm (range, 1–15 cm). Sixty‐four percent of patients underwent surgical resection of their primary tumor, and 63% received external beam radiotherapy. The overall cause‐specific mortality rate was 68.4% at 6 months and 80.7% at 12 months. Univariate analysis showed that age < 60 years, female gender, intrathyroidal tumor, external beam radiotherapy, surgical resection, and combined surgical resection of tumor and radiotherapy were associated with a lower cause‐specific mortality. On multivariate analysis, only age < 60 years, an intrathyroidal tumor, and the combined use of surgical and external beam radiation therapy were identified as independent predictors of lower cause‐specific mortality.CONCLUSIONSAlthough most patients with ATC had an extremely poor prognosis, patients < 60 years old with intrathyroidal tumors survived longer. Surgical resection with external beam radiotherapy for ATC was associated with lower cause‐specific mortality. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Geranylgeranylacetone inhibits lysophosphatidic acid‐induced invasion of human ovarian carcinoma cells in vitro
Authors: Hashimoto Kae , Morishige Ken‐ichirou , Sawada Kenjiro , Tahara Masahiro , Shimizu Shoko , Sakata Masahiro , Tasaka Keiichi , Murata Yuji 
Published: February 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDLysophosphatidic acid (LPA) induced a dose‐dependent increase of cancer cell invasion by promoting Rho/Rho‐associated kinase signaling. Prenylation of Rho is essential for regulating cell growth, motility, and invasion. Geranylgeranylacetone (GGA), an isoprenoid compound, is used clinically as an antiulcer drug. Recent findings suggested that GGA might inhibit the small GTPase activation by suppressing prenylation. The authors hypothesized that the anticancer effects of GGA result from the inhibition of Rho activation.METHODSThe authors examined the effect of GGA using an in vitro invasion assay in human ovarian carcinoma cells, and analyzed the mechanism of the GGA effect on Rho activation, stress fiber formation and focal adhesion assembly, which are essential processes for cell invasion.RESULTSThe induction of ovarian carcinoma cell invasion by LPA was inhibited by the addition of GGA in a dose‐dependent manner. Treatment of cancer cells with GGA resulted in inactivation of Rho, changes in cell morphology, loss of stress fiber formation and focal adhesion assembly, and the suppression of tyrosine phosphorylation of focal adhesion proteins. The effect of GGA on cancer cells was partially prevented by the addition of geranylgeraniol, which is an intermediate of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate and compensates geranylgeranylation of Rho.CONCLUSIONSThe inhibition of LPA‐induced invasion by GGA was, at least in part, derived from suppressed Rho activation by preventing geranylgeranylation. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
A multicenter Phase II study of bortezomib in recurrent or metastatic sarcomas
Authors: Maki Robert G. , Kraft Andrew S. , Scheu Kelly , Yamada Jennifer , Wadler Scott , Antonescu Cristina R. , Wright John J. , Schwartz Gary K. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDBased on evidence of activity in preclinical and Phase I studies, the authors undertook a study of bortezomib, a reversible proteasome inhibitor, for patients with metastatic sarcomas.METHODSTwo arms were opened, each using a Simon two‐stage design. Arm A included patients with osteogenic sarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, and rhabdomyosarcoma. Arm B accrued patients with other types of soft tissue sarcomas. Patients were not allowed to have received previous chemotherapy for metastatic disease. The initial dose of bortezomib was a 1.5 mg/m2 intravenous push twice weekly followed by a rest week. The dose was escalated to 1.7 mg/m2 if patients tolerated Cycle 1 well. The dose escalation was eliminated due to toxicity observed in the first six patients.RESULTSPainful neuropathy, myalgias, and asthenia were the most significant observed toxicities. The most frequent toxicities included fatigue, diarrhea, constipation, and nausea. Pharmacodynamic data from 18 patients with complete data collection did not show consistent differences between patients with or without Grade 2 or Grade 3 neuropathy (toxicity graded according the National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria). Arm A had low accrual and was closed. One confirmed partial response among 21 evaluable patients was observed on Arm B in a patient with leiomyosarcoma. Due to the inactivity of this agent, the study was closed after the first stage of accrual.CONCLUSIONSBortezomib has minimal activity in soft tissue sarcoma as a single agent. If studied further in sarcomas, bortezomib should be investigated in combination with agents with demonstrated preclinical synergy. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Retinoic acid generated by Raldh2 in mesoderm is required for mouse dorsal endodermal pancreas development
Authors: Molotkov Andrei , Molotkova Natalia , Duester Gregg 
Published: February 2005

AbstractStudies on nonmammalian vertebrate embryos have indicated that retinoic acid (RA) is required for pancreas development. We have analyzed mouse embryos carrying a null mutation of the gene encoding retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (Raldh2), which controls RA synthesis. Raldh2−/− embryos specifically lack expression of Pdx1 (a homeobox gene required for pancreas development) and Prox1 in dorsal endodermal but not ventral endodermal pancreatic precursor tissues. Ventral endodermal expression of Hex is not affected in Raldh2−/− embryos, indicating that liver specification is not dependent upon RA. Also, expression of Foxa2 across the dorsoventral axis of the endoderm is not affected in Raldh2−/− embryos, indicating that a lack of RA does not cause a general defect in foregut endoderm development. Comparison of wild‐type and Raldh2−/− embryos carrying an RA‐reporter transgene demonstrates that RA activity is normally present throughout the endoderm except in the ventral‐most region but is totally missing in endoderm of Raldh2−/− embryos. Thus, Raldh2 expressed in adjacent splanchnic lateral plate mesoderm provides an RA signal to dorsal endoderm. Dorsal Pdx1 expression is rescued in Raldh2−/− embryos by low‐dose maternal administration of RA, which preferentially restores RA‐reporter expression in the dorsal endoderm. Our findings demonstrate a specific role for RA in mouse embryos as a mesodermally synthesized signal needed for dorsal endodermal expression of Pdx1 during development of the dorsal pancreatic lineage. Developmental Dynamics 232:950–957, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
JNK and ROKα function in the noncanonical Wnt/RhoA signaling pathway to regulate Xenopus convergent extension movements
Authors: Kim Gun‐Hwa , Han Jin‐Kwan 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe Wnt/planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway plays a critical role in wing, eye, and sensory bristle development of Drosophila and in convergent extension (CE) movements during vertebrate gastrulation. In Drosophila, Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) and Rho‐associated kinase (ROK) participate in RhoA‐mediated PCP pathway during eye and wing development. In mammalian cells, Rac1 and Cdc42 but not RhoA are required for JNK activation by Wnt/PCP signals. However, there has been no evidence that Rho GTPases regulate JNK activation in Wnt/PCP pathway during Xenopus CE movements. Here, we report that Xenopus RhoA (XRhoA), but not Xenopus Cdc42 (XCdc42), is essential for JNK activation downstream of the Wnt/PCP pathway during Xenopus CE movements, and the phenotypic effect of loss of XRhoA function was rescued by Xenopus JNK1 (XeJNK1). In addition, XRhoA rescues the inhibition of CE movements by the DEP domain deletion mutant of Xenopus Dsh (Xdsh‐ΔDEP), which has dominant negative (DN) effects on JNK activation, and the PDZ domain deletion mutant of Xdsh (Xdsh‐ΔPDZ). Moreover, we demonstrate that Xenopus Rho‐associated kinase α (xROKα), which is expressed mainly in mesoderm and ectoderm that undergo extensive cell rearrangements, regulates CE movements without affecting gene expression, and injection of xROKα rescued the inhibition of CE movements caused by DN XRhoA. Finally, we show that ROKα and JNK synergistically rescued embryos overexpressing DN XRhoA, which exhibit gastrulation defects, although ROKα is not required for JNK activation. Together, these data suggest that JNK and ROKα function in the noncanonical Wnt/RhoA pathway to regulate Xenopus CE movements. Developmental Dynamics 232:958–968, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
her9 promotes floor plate development in zebrafish
Authors: Latimer Andrew J. , Shin Jimann , Appel Bruce 
Published: February 2005

AbstractNotochord, floor plate, and in anamniotes hypochord, are vertebrate embryonic midline structures that are the sources of molecules that pattern the nervous system, somites, and dorsal aorta. Midline precursor cells arise from the dorsal organizer during gastrulation, and Notch signaling is an important regulator of midline cell fate specification. To understand fully how Notch signaling regulates midline development, we investigated the role of potential Notch target genes. We show here that midline precursors express her9, a member of the hairy/Enhancer of split gene family. Although her9 inhibits notochord development and promotes floor plate specification, her9 expression in floor plate cells appears not to require Notch signaling. We show that, instead, her9 is a downstream effector of Nodal signaling for floor plate specification. Developmental Dynamics 232:1098–1104, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Foxn1 is required for tissue assembly and desmosomal cadherin expression in the hair shaft
Authors: Johns Sarah A. , Soullier Stephan , Rashbass Penny , Cunliffe Vincent T. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe mouse nude mutation inactivates the gene encoding the Foxn1 transcription factor, causing defective hair morphogenesis. Here, we show for the first time that Foxn1 is required for proper assembly of the hair medulla, and we identify Foxn1‐regulated genes by transcript profiling. One such gene encodes the desmosomal cadherin, Dsc2. Significantly, Foxn1‐dependent Dsc2 expression is restricted to the hair medulla, and within these cells, Dsc2 protein is predominantly localized to specialized adhesion junctions between the cortex and the medulla. Our results reveal Foxn1 as an essential regulator of tissue assembly in the growing hair shaft and implicate Dsc2 as a downstream effector of this activity. Developmental Dynamics 232:1062–1068, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.