bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and investigation of new indole‐containing vinyl sulfide derivatives: In silico and in vitro studies for potential therapeutic applications
Authors: Bonato Wille Ana Paula , Pereira da Motta Ketlyn , Pinto Brites Nathan , Luchese Cristiane , Frederico Schumacher Ricardo , Antunes Wilhelm Ethel 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIndoles featuring organosulfur compounds serve as privileged structural scaffolds in various biologically active compounds. This study investigates the biological properties of five synthetic sulphenyl vinyl indoles (3 a–e) using both in silico and in vitro methods. Computational analyses employing Swiss ADME and Molinspiration software reveal the remarkable inhibitory activity of compound 3 d against proteases and kinases (scores of 0.18 and 0.06, respectively). Furthermore, it demonstrates the ability to modulate ionic and G protein‐coupled receptors (scores: −0.06 and 0.31, respectively) and serves as a ligand for nuclear receptors (score 0.15). In vitro investigations highlight the compounds′ efficacy in countering ABTS+ radical attacks and reducing lipid peroxidation levels. Particularly noteworthy is the superior efficacy of compounds 3 a, 3 b, and 3 e in DPPH (EC50 3 a: 268.5 μM) and TEAC assays (EC50 3 a: 49.9 μM; EC50 3 b: 133.4 μM, and EC50 3 e: 84.9 μM), as well as TBARS levels. Compound 3 c significantly reduces acetylcholinesterase activity, positioning itself as a noteworthy enzyme inhibitor. This study emphasizes the versatile biological potential of synthetic indole derivatives, suggesting their applicability for therapeutic purposes.
Fulvanines J−K, two rare lactam pyrrole alkaloids from Hemerocallis fulva
Authors: Lei Ya‐E. , Wang Qian , Yaermaimaiti Saimijiang , Ma Zi‐Hui , Li Miao‐Miao , Lu Yan , Chen Dao‐Feng , Wang Qi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractTwo rare jatropham lactam derivatives, named as fulvanines J−K (1‐2), together with six known pyrrole alkaloids, 5,5′‐oxydi(3‐methyl‐3‐pyrrolin‐2‐one) (3), (−)‐5‐hydroxy‐3‐methyl‐3‐pyrrolin‐2‐one (jatropham) (4), (±)‐5‐O‐methyljatropham (5), perlolyrine (6), butyl‐2‐formyl‐5‐(hydroxymethyl)‐1H‐pyrrole‐1‐butanoate (7), and hemerocallisamine II (8), were isolated from the flower of Hemerocallis fulva. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods and compared with the NMR spectra data in the literature. All compounds were evaluated for their anti‐complementary activity in vitro, and compounds 1, 4, and 6 exhibited anti‐complement effect with CH50 values from 0.61 to 1.42 mM.
A large yolk sac malignancy in a girl, an uncommon yet challenging ovarian tumor: A case report
Authors: Poudel Aashish , Sedain Prajwal , Pokhrel Biraj , Sapkota Aakash , Chamlagain Anita , Sharma Nisha , Rajbhandary Sanyukta , Khaniya Bishal , Ojha Neebha 
Published: December 2023

Key Clinical MessageYolk sac tumors are rare and malignant germ cell tumors of the ovary occurring in children and young women. Fertility‐sparing surgical intervention with adjuvant chemotherapy has shown to improve prognosis.AbstractWe present a case of a 14‐year‐old girl who presented with the complaints of lower abdominal pain and distention. Her tumor markers were increased, and radiological investigation suggested the diagnosis of malignant left ovarian mass. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of Yolk sac tumor. She was subsequently managed with fertility‐sparing surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy.
Photoelectrochemical Glycerol Oxidation Coupled with Hydrogen Production
Authors: Miao Yucong , Li Zhenhua , Shao Mingfei 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe catalytic oxidation of glycerol, a surplus byproduct of biodiesel, has received increasing attention due to the popular applications of its oxidation products, such as aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylates. Photoelectrochemical (PEC) methods provide a clean and sustainable pathway for glycerol oxidation and upgrading. However, selective oxidation of glycerol is a challenge due to its complex oxidation path, where the cleavage of C−O or C−C bonds at different positions can lead to a variety of products. This concept aims to describe the recent advances in PEC selective glycerol oxidation for the preparation of multiple high value‐added products, and discuss the reaction mechanism and selective production strategies in detail. Finally, the remaining challenges and future prospects for the PEC glycerol oxidation system are presented.
Oxidative Depolymerisation of Kraft Lignin: From Fabrication of Multi‐Metal‐Modified Electrodes For Vanillin Electrogeneration via Pulse Electrolysis To High‐Throughput Screening of Multi‐Metal Composites
Authors: Brix Ann Cathrin , Krysiak Olga A. , Cechanaviciutè Ieva A. , Bjelovučić Gal , Banko Lars , Ludwig Alfred , Schuhmann Wolfgang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe production of green hydrogen may be greatly aided by the use of an alternative anode reaction replacing oxygen evolution to increase energy efficiency and concomitantly generate value‐added products. Lignin, a major component of plant matter, is accumulated in large amounts in the pulp and paper industry as waste. It has excellent potential as a source of aromatic compounds and can be transformed into the much more valuable aroma chemical vanillin by electrochemical depolymerisation. We used a flow‐through model electrolyser to evaluate electrocatalyst‐modified Ni foam electrodes prepared by a scalable spray‐polymer preparation method for oxidative lignin depolymerisation. We demonstrate how pulsing, i. e. continuously cycling between a lower and a higher applied current, increases the amount of formed vanillin while improving the energy efficiency. Further, we present a scanning droplet cell‐assisted high‐throughput screening approach to discover suitable catalyst materials for lignin electrooxidation considering that a suitable electrocatalyst should exhibit high activity for lignin depolymerization and simultaneously a low activity for vanillin oxidation and oxygen evolution. Combining electrosynthesis and electrocatalysis can aid in developing new customised materials for electrochemical processes of potential industrial interest.
Objective Review on Commercially Viable Prelithiation Techniques for Lithium‐ion Batteries
Authors: Lau Victor , Kuo Chih‐ying , Lan Chung‐wen 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe rapid increase in global energy storage demands has necessitated the adoption of next‐generation lithium‐ion battery anode materials. However, these anode materials′ high lithium loss and poor cycling stability hinder their commercial application. The emergence of prelithiation offers a promising strategy for improving the lithium utilization efficiency of these active materials, thereby providing a solution for the performance bottleneck of next‐generation anode materials. The current review compiled and systematically discusses recent and notable prelithiation techniques concerning its potential for commercialization. The challenges currently hindering easy commercial adoption of the various prelithiation techniques and the potential development direction of each technique are analyzed. The commercial potential of the prelithiation methods is discussed based on the following four main criteria: electrochemical performance, ambient stability, cost, and industrial scalability. Finally, insights regarding further development of each prelithiation technique are provided, considering their unique advantages and disadvantages. The current review allows the industry and researchers to compare the commercial potential of various prelithiation techniques while considering their specific circumstances.
Giant Star‐shaped meso‐substituted Fluorescent Porphyrins with Fluorenyl‐containing Arms Designed for Two‐photon Oxygen Photosensitization
Authors: Shi Limiao , Sun Zhipeng , Richy Nicolas , Blanchard‐Desce Mireille , Mongin Olivier , Paul Frédéric , Paul‐Roth Christine O. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn the continuation of previous studies on carbon‐rich meso‐tetraarylporphyrins featuring 2,7‐fluorene units at their periphery, the effect of changing the peripheral dendritic arms for linear arms on their oxygen‐photosensitizing ability, their fluorescence and their two‐photon absorption (2PA) properties is now analyzed. Thus, starburst porphyrins possessing up to twenty conjugated fluorenyl units were isolated and studied. More precisely, a series of five new free‐base porphyrins featuring fully conjugated arms incorporating an increasing number of fluorenyl groups connected via 1,2‐alkenyl spacers were synthesized, along with their Zn(II) complexes. Upon excitation in the arm‐centred π‐π* absorption band, an efficient energy transfer takes place from the peripheral fluorenyl units to the central porphyrin core, leading to intense red‐light emission and oxygen photosensitization by the latter. More interestingly, while the linear optical properties of these porphyrins were only slightly improved compared to those of their dendrimer analogues for photodynamic therapy (PDT) or fluorescence imaging, their 2PA cross‐sections were much more significantly boosted, evidencing the key role played by different structures on nonlinear optical properties. Finally, by comparison with other porphyrin‐based two‐photon photosensitizers reported in the literature, we show that these new “semi‐disconnected” starburst systems exhibit a remarkable trade‐off between intrinsic 2PA, fluorescence and oxygen photosensitization.
Metal‐Free Visible‐Light Induced Oxidative Cleavage of C(sp3)−C, and C(sp3)−N Bonds of Nitriles, Alcohols, and Amines
Authors: Borthakur Ishani , Joshi Abhisek , Kumari Saloni , Kundu Sabuj 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSelective cleavage of unstrained (sp3) C−C/ C−N bonds under mild conditions is highly challenging due to the higher bond dissociation energy. A visible light mediated metal‐free oxidative dehomologation of aryl acetonitriles, primary alcohols and diols to carboxylic acids via organophotocatalyzed C(sp3)−CN, C(sp3)−C(OH) bond cleavage is reported. Notably, this methodology was further extended towards selective synthesis of aldehydes via deamination of both primary as well as secondary amines. This mild protocol features wide array of substrate variation with excellent functional group tolerance, preparative‐scale synthesis, and operational simplicity. Possible mechanisms for these transformations were demonstrated through a series of control experiments.
Synthesis of β‐Amino Acid Derivatives via Enantioselective Lewis Base Catalyzed N‐Allylation of Halogenated Amides with Morita‐Baylis‐Hillman Carbonates
Authors: Nosovska Olena , Liebing Phil , Vilotijevic Ivan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractTrifluoro‐ and trichloroacetamides serving as pronucleophiles undergo enantioselective Lewis base catalyzed N‐allylation with Morita‐Baylis‐Hillman carbonates to produce enantioenriched β‐amino acid derivatives. The reactions proceed as a kinetic resolution to give the allylation products and the remaining carbonates in good yields and high enantioselectivity. The obtained products are amenable to diastereoselective derivatization to produce a library of spiro‐isoxazoline lactams.
More Electropositive is More Electronegative: Atom Size Determines C=X Group Electronegativity
Authors: Nieuwland Celine , Verdijk Ron , Fonseca Guerra Célia , Bickelhaupt F. Matthias 
Published: December 2023

AbstractOpposite to what one might expect, we find that the C=X group can become effectively more, not less, electronegative when the Pauling electronegativity of atom X decreases down Groups 16, 15, and 14 of the Periodic Table. Our quantum‐chemical analyses, show that, and why, this phenomenon is a direct consequence of the increasing size of atom X down a group. These findings can be applied to tuning and improving the hydrogen‐bond donor strength of amides H2NC(=X)R by increasingly withdrawing density from the NH2 group. A striking example is that H2NC(=SiR2)R is a stronger hydrogen‐bond donor than H2NC(=CR2)R.
A robust model training strategy using hard negative mining in a weakly labeled dataset for lymphatic invasion in gastric cancer
Authors: Lee Jonghyun , Ahn Sangjeong , Kim Hyun‐Soo , An Jungsuk , Sim Jongmin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractGastric cancer is a significant public health concern, emphasizing the need for accurate evaluation of lymphatic invasion (LI) for determining prognosis and treatment options. However, this task is time‐consuming, labor‐intensive, and prone to intra‐ and interobserver variability. Furthermore, the scarcity of annotated data presents a challenge, particularly in the field of digital pathology. Therefore, there is a demand for an accurate and objective method to detect LI using a small dataset, benefiting pathologists. In this study, we trained convolutional neural networks to classify LI using a four‐step training process: (1) weak model training, (2) identification of false positives, (3) hard negative mining in a weakly labeled dataset, and (4) strong model training. To overcome the lack of annotated datasets, we applied a hard negative mining approach in a weakly labeled dataset, which contained only final diagnostic information, resembling the typical data found in hospital databases, and improved classification performance. Ablation studies were performed to simulate the lack of datasets and severely unbalanced datasets, further confirming the effectiveness of our proposed approach. Notably, our results demonstrated that, despite the small number of annotated datasets, efficient training was achievable, with the potential to extend to other image classification approaches used in medicine.
The blockchain conundrum: An in‐depth examination of challenges, contributing technologies, and alternatives
Authors: Reshi Iraq Ahmad , Sholla Sahil 
Published: December 2023

SummaryThe accelerated development of information and communication technologies has generated a demand for data storage that is effective, transparent, immutable, and secure. Distributed ledger technology and encryption techniques such as hashing and blockchain technology revolutionised the landscape by meeting these requirements. However, blockchain must overcome obstacles such as low latency, throughput, and scalability for its full potential. Investigating blockchain's structure, types, challenges, promises, and variants is necessary to understand blockchain and its capabilities comprehensively. This paper overviews various aspects, such as emergent blockchain protocols, models, concepts, and trends. We classify blockchain variants into five essential categories, DAG, TDAG, Sharding, Consensus, and Combining methods, based on the structure each follows, and conduct a comparative analysis. In addition, we explore current research tendencies. As technology progresses, it is essential to comprehend the fundamental requirements for blockchain development.
Oxygen‐Mediated Surface Photoreactions: Exploring New Pathways for Sustainable Chemistry
Authors: Alessandri Ivano , Vassalini Irene 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe Front Cover image illustrates the exploitation of photoactivated oxygen species for sustainable chemistry applications. Recent works that take advantage of oxygen‐mediated surface photoreactions for addressing key issues in the fields of sustainable chemistry, circular production of feedstocks, and environmental remediation are reviewed. Read the full text of the Concept at 10.1002/cptc.202300069.
Single‐cell immune profiling reveals markers of emergency myelopoiesis that distinguish severe from mild respiratory syncytial virus disease in infants
Authors: Zivanovic Nevena , Öner Deniz , Abraham Yann , McGinley Joseph , Drysdale Simon B. , Wildenbeest Joanne G. , Crabbe Marjolein , Vanhoof Greet , Thys Kim , Thwaites Ryan S. , Robinson Hannah , Bont Louis , Openshaw Peter J. M. , Martinón‐Torres Federico ,   RESCEU Investigators, Pollard Andrew J. , Aerssens Jeroen 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWhereas most infants infected with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) show no or only mild symptoms, an estimated 3 million children under five are hospitalized annually due to RSV disease. This study aimed to investigate biological mechanisms and associated biomarkers underlying RSV disease heterogeneity in young infants, enabling the potential to objectively categorize RSV‐infected infants according to their medical needs. Immunophenotypic and functional profiling demonstrated the emergence of immature and progenitor‐like neutrophils, proliferative monocytes (HLA‐DRLow, Ki67+), impaired antigen‐presenting function, downregulation of T cell response and low abundance of HLA‐DRLow B cells in severe RSV disease. HLA‐DRLow monocytes were found as a hallmark of RSV‐infected infants requiring hospitalization. Complementary transcriptomics identified genes associated with disease severity and pointed to the emergency myelopoiesis response. These results shed new light on mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis and development of severe RSV disease and identified potential new candidate biomarkers for patient stratification.
Quantitative disease resistance in wild Silene vulgaris to its endemic pathogen Microbotryum silenes‐inflatae
Authors: Hood Michael E. , Nelson Sydney , Cho Jae‐Hoon , Launi Michelle , Antonovics Janis , Bruns Emily L. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe evolution of disease resistances is an expected feature of plant–pathogen systems, but whether the genetics of this trait most often produces qualitative or quantitative phenotypic variation is a significant gap in our understanding of natural populations. These two forms of resistance variation are often associated with differences in number of underlying loci, the specificities of host–pathogen coevolution, as well as contrasting mechanisms of preventing or slowing the infection process. Anther‐smut disease is a commonly studied model for disease of wild species, where infection has severe fitness impacts, and prior studies have suggested resistance variation in several host species. However, because the outcome of exposing the individual host to this pathogen is binary (healthy or diseased), resistance has been previously measured at the family level, as the proportion of siblings that become diseased. This leaves uncertain whether among‐family variation reflects contrasting ratios of segregating discrete phenotypes or continuous trait variation among individuals. In the host Silene vulgaris, plants were replicated by vegetative propagation in order to quantify the infection rates of the individual genotype with the endemic anther‐smut pathogen, Microbotryum silenes‐inflatae. The variance among field‐collected families for disease resistance was significant, while there was unimodal continuous variation in resistance among genotypes. Using crosses between genotypes within ranked resistance quartiles, the offspring infection rate was predicted by the parental resistance values. While the potential remains in this system for resistance genes having major effects, as there were suggestions of such qualitative resistance in a prior study, here the quantitative disease resistance to the endemic anther‐smut pathogen is indicated for S. vulgaris. The variation in natural populations and strong heritability of the trait, combined with severe fitness consequences of anther‐smut disease, suggests that resistance in these host populations is highly capable of responding to disease‐induced selection.
Revisiting the species list of freshwater fish in Israel based on DNA barcoding
Authors: Tadmor‐Levi Roni , Feldstein‐Farkash Tamar , Milstein Dana , Golani Daniel , Leader Noam , Goren Menachem , David Lior 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIsrael's region forms a continental bridge; hence, the freshwater fish fauna in Israel consists of unique populations of species that originated from Africa, Asia, or Europe and are often endemic or at the edge of their distribution range. Worldwide, fish biodiversity suffers significantly from pressures and disturbances of freshwater habitats, especially in arid regions, such as in parts of Israel. Biodiversity conservation requires efficient tools for monitoring changes in populations. DNA barcoding, by complementing and enhancing species identification, provides such monitoring tools. In this study, over 200 specimens representing over 28 species were DNA barcoded and together with previously available records, a DNA barcoding database for freshwater fish of Israel was established. Of the 71 distinct barcodes generated, 37% were new, attesting to the uniqueness of fish populations in Israel. For most species, morphological and molecular species identifications agreed. However, discrepancies were found for five genera. Based on DNA barcoding, we propose Acanthobrama telavivensis as a junior synonym for Acanthobrama lissneri. In Garra spp., we propose splitting Garra nana into two species and assigning Garra rufa in the region to Garra jordanica, or possibly to two species. Israeli Pseudophoxinus kervillei is not the same species as in Syria and Lebanon. However, Pseudophoxinus syriacus might not be endangered since it is genetically very similar to Pseudophoxinus drusensis. In Israel, instead of five reported Oxynoemacheilus species, combining DNA barcoding with morphology suggests only three. Genetic and geographic separation suggested that Aphanius mento is likely a species complex. The study provides a thorough barcoding database, suggests significant species reconsiderations in the region, and highlights the Sea of Galilee and the Beit She'an valley streams as biodiversity “hotspots.” This study will therefore promote further studying of the fish species in the region and their ecology, as well as the monitoring and conservation of freshwater fish biodiversity in Israel and the region.
Species‐ and origin‐specific susceptibility to bird predation among juvenile salmonids
Authors: Säterberg Torbjörn , Jacobson Philip , Ovegård Maria , Rask Jörgen , Östergren Johan , Jepsen Niels , Florin Ann‐Britt 
Published: December 2023

AbstractJuvenile salmonids often experience high mortality rates during migration and bird predation is a common source of mortality. Research suggests that hatchery‐reared salmonids are more prone to predation than wild salmonids, and that Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) experience lower predation than Sea trout (Salmo trutta), yet telemetry studies have displayed equivocal results. Here, using a large data set on passive integrated transponder (PIT) tagged hatchery‐reared and wild juveniles of Atlantic salmon and Sea trout (25,769 individuals) we investigate predation probability by piscivorous birds (mainly Great Cormorants Phalarocorax carbo) on salmonids originating from River Dalälven in Sweden. Bird colonies and roosting sites were scanned annually (2019–2021), and the temporal dynamics of bird predation on salmonids released in 2017–2021 was assessed. Hatchery‐reared trout was clearly most susceptible to cormorant predation (0.31, 90% credibility interval [CRI] = 0.14–0.53), followed by wild trout (0.19, 90% CRI = 0.08–0.37), hatchery‐reared salmon (0.13, 90% CRI = 0.07–0.23), and wild salmon (0.08, 90% CRI = 0.04–0.14), in subsequent order. This order in predation probability was consistent across all studied tag‐ and release‐years, suggesting that the opportunistic foraging of cormorants affects the overall survival of juvenile salmonids, but that the inherent predation risk between different salmonid types differs systematically.