bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Imaging Integrated into Image-guided Surgery: Correlation to Standard Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Tumor Cell Density
Authors: Ganslandt Oliver , Stadlbauer Andreas , Fahlbusch Rudolf , Kamada Kyosuke , Buslei Rolf , Blumcke Ingmar , Moser Ewald , Nimsky Christopher 
Published: April 2005

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:
In this study, we attempted to improve the delineation of the infiltration zone in gliomas using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (1H MRSI). In conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the boundaries of gliomas sometimes are underestimated. 1H MRSI is a noninvasive tool that can be used to investigate the spatial distribution of metabolic changes in brain lesions. The purpose was to correlate tumor cell density from histopathological specimens with metabolic levels and the coregistered metabolic maps.

METHODS:
We developed a method to integrate spectroscopic data depicted as metabolic maps of biochemically pathological tissue into frameless stereotaxy. In seven patients harboring gliomas, we performed 1H MRSI with high spatial resolution and evaluated the spectral data. An algorithm was developed for user-independent calculation of pathological voxels and for visualization as metabolic maps. These maps were integrated into a three-dimensional MRI data set used for frameless stereotaxy. Stereotactic biopsies were taken from three different areas in and around the tumor involving the maximum pathological change, the border zone, and an area from outside the spectroscopically suspicious area. These specimens were correlated to the exact voxel positions in the stereotactic image space and evaluated histopathologically.

RESULTS:
In all cases, the implementation of the metabolic maps into frameless stereotaxy was successful, and stereotactic biopsies were acquired by use of the spectral data. A relation could be demonstrated between the metabolic changes and tumor cell density ranging from 60 to 100% in the maximum pathological area to 5 to 15% in the border zone. Interestingly, the tumor areas defined by the metabolic maps and histopathologically confirmed by biopsy exceeded the T2-weighted signal change in all cases, ranging from 6 to 32% in the examined volume.

CONCLUSION:
Our preliminary data suggest that 1H MRSI may be useful in combination with frameless stereotaxy to define more exactly the tumor infiltration zone in glioma surgery compared with conventional anatomic MRI alone.
The Role of Intraoperative Electromyographic Monitoring in Lumbosacral Lipomas
Authors: Valentini Laura Grazia , Visintini Sergio , Mendola Carmela , Casali Cecilia , Bono Renata , Scaioli Widmer , Solero Carlo L. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractOBJECTIVE:To demonstrate the role of intraoperative multichannel electromyographic (EMG) monitoring to reduce postoperative deterioration and achieve full untethering of complex occult dysraphisms.METHODS:A retrospective analysis was performed on 66 patients who underwent operation for lumbosacral lipomas. Twenty recent cases were submitted to EMG monitoring and stimulation.RESULTS:All patients presented symptoms at the time of surgery, and 74% exhibited progressive deterioration during the lengthy preoperative period. Postoperative surgery-related deterioration was observed in 6% of patients. This number was reduced to zero with the introduction of intraoperative EMG monitoring.CONCLUSION:Intraoperative multichannel EMG monitoring can be carried out and requires only minimal changes to anesthetic procedures. With this method, it is possible to better identify the neural structures of complex malformations, reducing the risks of surgical damage and incomplete detethering.
Lateral Approach to Anterolateral Tumors at the Foramen Magnum: Factors Determining Surgical Procedure
Authors: Margalit Nevo S. , Lesser Jonathan B. , Singer Michael , Sen Chandranath 
Published: April 2005

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:
We discuss and evaluate surgical strategies and results in 42 patients with a variety of tumors involving the anterior and anterolateral foramen magnum and present factors affecting the degree of resection and patient outcomes. We describe our surgical techniques for resection of these tumors via the lateral approach, including consideration for occipital condylar resection and vertebral artery management.

METHODS:
A retrospective analysis was performed of 42 surgically treated patients with tumors involving the anterior and anterolateral foramen magnum. Patients received treatment between 1991 and 2002; patients’ files, operative notes, and pre- and postoperative imaging studies were used for the analysis.

RESULTS:
The female-to-male ratio was 28:14. Mean patient age was 47 years. Pathological entities comprised 18 meningiomas, 12 chordomas, 3 glomus tumors, 3 schwannomas, and 6 miscellaneous tumors. We mobilized the vertebral artery at the dural entry point in all patients with meningiomas. The vertebral artery was mobilized at the C1 transverse foramen for the majority of extradural tumors. Partial condyle resection was performed in eight meningiomas and five extradural tumors. Complete condyle resection was required in 12 cases, including 9 chordomas, 2 carcinomas, and 1 bone-invading pituitary adenoma. Thirteen patients required occipitocervical fusion after tumor resection.

CONCLUSION:
In anterior or anterolaterally located foramen magnum tumors, we think the extreme lateral or far lateral approach affords significant advantages. Vertebral artery mobilization and occipital condyle resection may be needed depending on the extent and location of the foramen magnum tumor and its specific pathological characteristics. Tumor invading the occipital condyle or significant condylar resection may cause occipitocervical instability and require fusion.
Transaxillary Carotid Stenting: Technical Case Report
Authors: Wang Huan , Swischuk James L. , Fraser Kenneth , Alvernia Jorge , Lanzino Giuseppe 
Published: April 2005

Abstract

OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE:
As endovascular neurointerventions continue to evolve rapidly, angioplasty and stenting of both the extracranial and intracranial vessels have become more routine procedures. When the transfemoral approach is contraindicated or technically difficult, familiarity with alternative access techniques becomes essential. We report a successful transaxillary carotid stenting in a patient with an axillary bifemoral bypass graft.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION:
A 77-year-old man presented with a symptomatic high-grade stenosis (80%) of the left internal carotid artery. Because of the increased risk of general anesthesia related to his advanced age and severe comorbidities, stenting of the left internal carotid artery was considered. A left transaxillary approach was chosen because of the presence of an axillary bifemoral bypass graft.

TECHNIQUE:
Under ultrasound guidance, the left axillary artery was successfully punctured and cannulated. After a 0.038 Magic Torque wire (Boston Scientific/Medi-Tech, Watertown, MA) was anchored with the tip of the wire in the distal left occipital artery, a 7-French (outer diameter) Vista Bright guiding sheath (Cordis, Miami, FL) was successfully positioned in the mid left common carotid artery, with an MPA catheter (Cordis) used as guiding support. Subsequently, two Precise stents (Cordis) were successfully deployed across the stenosis, yielding a satisfactory angiographic result.

CONCLUSION:
With proper patient selection and the use of ultrasound guidance during the initial puncture, the transaxillary approach is a safe and technically feasible alternative to the transfemoral approach when performing carotid stenting.
Modeling of vascular networks
Authors: Dawson Thomas H. 
Published: April 2005

SUMMARYVascular networks refer here mainly to the microscale capillary networks of the vascular system of mammals, although they may also be considered to include the small arteries that feed the capillaries and the small veins that drain them. The modeling of these networks for resting mammals is reviewed within the context of describing related scaling laws for mammals of vastly different size. Basic processes are considered and alternative approaches mentioned. All lead to the same scaling laws for the radius, length and number of the vessels. The applicability of the relations is illustrated using existing measurements. Discussion is also included on the effect of strenuous exercise on the scaling law for number of capillary vessels and matters related to it.
Adsorption Behaviour of Tween80 on Graphite
Authors: Qing-Feng Hou , Xian-Cai Lu , Bo-Xing Hu , Jian Shen 
Published: April 2005

Techniques including thermogravimetry (TG), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were applied to characterize the adsorption behaviour of Tween80 on graphite. TG is a suitable method for determining the amount of Tween80 adsorbed since it is not restricted by the large amount of solvent adsorbed in this disperse system. The results indicate that TG may provide an alternative method for measuring the amount adsorbed in some disperse systems in which there are significant differences between the thermal behaviours of the adsorbate, adsorbent and solvent. The adsorption isotherms of Tween80 were of the Langmuir type, with the adsorbed amount attaining a maximum value at temperatures between 30°C and 50°C. XPS and FT-IR measurements were used to provide detailed information about the functional group shift. In addition, AFM images indicated that the adsorption of Tween80 has a considerable influence on the topography of graphite, with the adsorbate being adsorbed preferentially on the step defect sites at the edge of the graphite crystal.
Adsorption of Lennard-Jones Fluids in Carbon Slit Pores of a Finite Length. A Computer Simulation Study
Authors: Wongkoblap A. , Junpirom S. , Do D.D. 
Published: April 2005

The adsorption of simple Lennard-Jones fluids in a carbon slit pore of finite length was studied with Canonical Ensemble (NVT) and Gibbs Ensemble Monte Carlo Simulations (GEMC). The Canonical Ensemble was a collection of cubic simulation boxes in which a finite pore resides, while the Gibbs Ensemble was that of the pore space of the finite pore. Argon was used as a model for Lennard-Jones fluids, while the adsorbent was modelled as a finite carbon slit pore whose two walls were composed of three graphene layers with carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal pattern. The Lennard-Jones (LJ) 12–6 potential model was used to compute the interaction energy between two fluid particles, and also between a fluid particle and a carbon atom. Argon adsorption isotherms were obtained at 87.3 K for pore widths of 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 nm using both Canonical and Gibbs Ensembles. These results were compared with isotherms obtained with corresponding infinite pores using Grand Canonical Ensembles. The effects of the number of cycles necessary to reach equilibrium, the initial allocation of particles, the displacement step and the simulation box size were particularly investigated in the Monte Carlo simulation with Canonical Ensembles. Of these parameters, the displacement step had the most significant effect on the performance of the Monte Carlo simulation. The simulation box size was also important, especially at low pressures at which the size must be sufficiently large to have a statistically acceptable number of particles in the bulk phase. Finally, it was found that the Canonical Ensemble and the Gibbs Ensemble both yielded the same isotherm (within statistical error); however, the computation time for GEMC was shorter than that for canonical ensemble simulation. However, the latter method described the proper interface between the reservoir and the adsorbed phase (and hence the meniscus).
Noise Radiated by Flow Impingement on a Flat Plate Using DNS with a Virtual Boundary Method
Authors: Margnat F. , Morinière V. , Gervais Y. 
Published: April 2005

Uniform flow impinging on the rectangular leading edge of a flat plate is simulated using an incompressible, two-dimensional direct numerical simulation with uniform grid, the solid surface being modelled by the virtual boundary method previously developed by Goldstein et al. Access is given to the hydrodynamic field at a Reynolds number of 500, which shows the separation at the edge, the development of a double recirculating bubble, a periodic vortex-shedding, and the generation of a boundary layer profile after the re-attachment point. Curle's analogy is then applied to evaluate the sound emission in the far field. Results are given in terms of far field pressure levels directivity and pressure spectra associated with surfacic or volumic sources. The emission from the surfacic sources reaches its maximum value in the direction perpendicular to the plate and acoustic frequencies tend to follow the main wall pressure frequencies of the flow, while the emission from the volumic sources exhibits a shear noise behaviour and acoustic frequencies seem to be the double of the main velocity frequencies.
The Oxford hip scores for primary and revision hip replacement
Authors: Field R. E. , Cronin M. D. , Singh P. J. 
Published: April 2005

We have used the Oxford hip score to monitor the progress of 1908 primary and 279 revision hip replacements undertaken since the start of 1995. Our review programme began in early 1999 and has generated 3900 assessments. The mean pre-operative scores for primary and revision cases were 40.95 and 40.11, respectively. The mean annual score for primary replacement at between 12 and 84 months ranged between 20.60 and 22.57. A comparison of cross-sectional and longitudinal data showed no significant differences. All post-operative reviews showed a significant improvement (p ≤ 0.0001). The 50- to 60-year-old group scored significantly better than the patients over 80 years of age up to 48 months (p < 0.01). A subgroup of 826 National Health Service (NHS) and 397 private patients, treated by the senior author (2292 Oxford assessments), had a higher (i.e. worse) mean pre-operative score for the NHS patients (p ≤ 0.001). The private patients scored better than the NHS group up to 84 months (p < 0.05). Patients treated by a surgeon performing more than 100 replacements each year had a significantly better outcome up to five years than those operated on by surgeons performing fewer than 20 replacements each year. The age of the patients at the time of operation, and their pre-operative level of disability, have both been identified as affecting the long-term outcome. Awareness of the influence of these factors should assist surgeons to provide balanced advice.
Palsy of the common peroneal nerve after traumatic dislocation of the knee
Authors: Niall D. M. , Nutton R. W. , Keating J. F. 
Published: April 2005

Injury to the common peroneal nerve was present in 14 of 55 patients (25%) with dislocation of the knee. All underwent ligament reconstruction. The most common presenting direction of the dislocation was anterior or anteromedial with associated disruption of both cruciate ligaments and the posterolateral structures of the knee. Palsy of the common peroneal nerve was present in 14 of 34 (41%) of these patients. Complete rupture of the nerve was seen in four patients and a lesion in continuity in ten. Three patients with lesions in continuity, but with less than 7 cm of the nerve involved, had complete recovery within six to 18 months. In the remaining seven with more extensive lesions, two regained no motor function, and one had only MRC grade-2 function. Four patients regained some weak dorsiflexion or eversion (MRC grade 3 or 4). Some sensory recovery occurred in all seven of these patients, but was incomplete. In summary, complete recovery occurred in three (21%) and partial recovery of useful motor function in four (29%). In the other seven (50%) no useful motor or sensory function returned.
Reviewing the evidence: reflections from experience
Authors: Bambra Clare L. 
Published: April 2005

English
Evidence-based policy (EBP), along with the ‘systematic review’, has recently emerged as a prominent strand within social science and public policy research. A number of articles have heralded this emergence but the vast majority are theoretical and concerned with how EBP research could be practised. This article reflects on the author’s experiences of identifying and reviewing evidence on the effectiveness of labour market interventions aimed at people with a disability or a chronic illness, to demonstrate some of the methodological challenges and practical problems that arise from the actual conduct of EBP research.
Direct measurement of strain distribution along a wood bond line. Part 2: Effects of adhesive penetration on strain distribution
Authors: Gindl Wolfgang , Sretenovic Aleksandra , Vincenti Angela , Müller Ulrich 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
The effect of adhesive penetration into wood on the distribution of strain along a mechanically strained bond line was evaluated. With this goal, spruce wood specimens were bonded with phenol-resorcinol-formaldehyde (PRF) and one-component polyurethane resin (PUR). Penetration of the adhesives into cell cavities was observed in a zone extending over several 100 μm from the bond line. Electronic speckle pattern interferometry was used to record the elastic deformations caused by mechanical tests in transverse compression. By differentiating 2D displacement maps, the strain distribution was calculated. Both adhesives provided an increase in the stiffness of the adhesive-wood interface due to penetration into cell cavities. Compression strain was much lower in the bond line area than in the wood. Shear strain was also low in the bond line and increased gradually with increasing distance. No change was observed in wood unaffected by the adhesive. The effects were more pro-nounced for PRF resin than for PUR.
Ethical variability: Drug development and globalizing clinical trials
Authors: Petryna Adriana 
Published: April 2005

ABSTRACTThe rapid growth of pharmaceutical markets has led to increased demands for human subjects for drug research, particularly in low‐income countries. For regulatory, economic, and even biological reasons, new populations are being pursued as human subjects for pharmaceutical trials. In this article I consider the evolution of commercialized clinical trials and ethical and regulatory environments as they contribute to a dramatic growth of human‐subjects involvement in research. I focus on the operations of U.S.‐based contract research organizations (CROs), which make up a specialized global industry focusing on human‐subjects recruitment and research and the on ways in which they expedite drug testing to low‐income contexts. Specifically, I analyze how these transstate actors interact with regulatory authorities in the United States and how they recast international ethical guidelines as they organize trials for research subjects abroad.
Jazz discourse and black South African modernity, with special reference to “Matshikese”
Authors: Titlestad Michael 
Published: April 2005

ABSTRACTIn this article, I use a jazz structure (made up of a chorus, solo, and coda) to explore both the versions of black modernity advanced in South African jazz discourse and the particular ways in which these are manifest in the journalism of Todd Matshikiza. I set various global flows of the imaginary alongside their local appropriation and manipulation to show how South African writers made use of the jazz episteme to construct tactical (if evanescent) alternatives to the ponderous singularities and teleology of apartheid ideology. In doing so, I seek to describe ways in which jazz generated a parallel textuality in which local versions of freedom and social hope could be imagined and expressed.
Through the looking glass: U.S. aid to El Salvador and the politics of national identity
Authors: Quan Adán 
Published: April 2005

ABSTRACTFrom 1980 to 1992, U.S. government aid funded extensive political and social reforms in El Salvador to undermine a revolutionary guerrilla insurgency and consolidate neoliberal governance. On the basis of ethnographic interviews of Salvadoran and U.S. aid managers, I examine the articulation of these U.S.‐sponsored reforms with changing relations of domination in El Salvador. The interaction of notions of Salvadoran sovereignty and national identity with U.S.‐promoted notions of modernity shaped the U.S. management and Salvadoran adoption of aid. This interaction favored a faction of the Salvadoran elite that defined itself as “progressive” yet not too beholden to the United States. As U.S. aid managers favored a Salvadoran elite compatible with U.S. governance schemes, this emerging local class engaged with development projects by relating them to its own evolving notions of national identity and sovereignty.
Avaliação de métodos de determinação de água disponível em solo cultivado com algodão
Authors: Souza Carlos Cleide de , Oliveira Francisco Assis de , Silva Ivandro de França da , Amorim Neto Malaquias da Silva 
Published: April 2005

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar dois métodos de determinação de água disponível no solo (um direto e outro de laboratório), e o efeito de três níveis de água disponível (10%, 25% e 40%) na cultura do algodoeiro herbáceo (Gossypium hirsutum L. r. latifolium Hutch). O trabalho foi realizado em casa de vegetação do Departamento de Solos e Engenharia Rural/Centro de Ciências Agrárias/Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Município de Areia, PB. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o de blocos ao acaso, com distribuição em esquema fatorial 2 x 3, com três repetições. Conforme a análise de variância, a faixa de água disponível no solo, encontrada mediante a utilização do método direto, supera significativamente (p<FONT FACE=Symbol> £</FONT>0,05) a obtida pelo método de laboratório. O manejo das irrigações do algodoeiro com base em 40% da água disponível, determinado pelo método direto, proporcionou os maiores resultados de evapotranspiração, de área foliar e acumulação de fitomassa na parte aérea da cultura. Observou-se ainda interação métodos x níveis de água disponível em todas as variáveis estudadas.
Manejo da água na irrigação da alfafa num Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo
Authors: Rassini Joaquim Bartolomeu 
Published: April 2005

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar um método prático para manejar a água de irrigação na cultura da alfafa (Medicago sativa). O estudo foi desenvolvido em um Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo, e as variáveis estudadas foram: a evaporação do tanque classe A (ECA), a precipitação pluvial (PRP) e a capacidade do solo de armazenar água (CAD). Os tratamentos constituíram-se de três regimes hídricos aplicados: H1: testemunha, sem irrigação; H2: irrigação complementar em um determinado período da cultura, quando ECA - PRP<FONT FACE=Symbol> ³</FONT> 30 mm, a partir da emissão do primeiro afilho secundário; H3: irrigação complementar em determinado período da cultura, quando ECA - PRP > ou = 20 mm, durante todo o ciclo da planta. Verificou-se que o método ECA - PRP = 20 a 30 mm é compatível com a CAD desse solo, e que também pode-se aumentar a eficiência da água aplicada na alfafa sem provocar queda no rendimento de forragem.