bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Des prêts-à-écrire au service de l’écriture et de la créativité des élèves de 8 à 11 ans
Authors: Sardier Anne , Roubaud Marie-Noëlle 
Published: October 2023

Nous proposons une analyse de 180 textes narratifs, du CE2 au CM2 (8-11 ans), de différentes classes et différents milieux. Il a été demandé aux élèves de produire un récit dont le début et la fin étaient donnés. Notre intérêt s’est porté sur les mots de la narration utilisés par les élèves. Nos analyses révèlent, premièrement, qu’une tension s’opère, lors de la production écrite, entre le recours à sa langue (la langue de tous les jours) et le recours à une langue plus élaborée. Deuxièmement, nous constatons que les élèves puisent des éléments lexicaux dans des scénarios de leur propre vie (en lien avec le sujet de production), tout en les combinant avec leurs connaissances linguistiques. Ils recourent à des segments plus élaborés issus de leur mémoire des textes lus ou entendus. Cette combinaison provoque soit des réussites, soit des distorsions de diverses natures : recherches lexicales ou télescopages entre différentes constructions disponibles en langue.Notre étude montre la variété des constructions que les élèves sont capables de mobiliser pour répondre à la situation d’écriture. Les choix des élèves, qui ne sont pas effectués au hasard, sont révélateurs de leur créativité.
Medico-ethnobotanical exploration of Almora forest division, Uttarakhand, India—Need for the conservation of medicinal plants
Authors: Rawat Mohan S. , Rai Amit Kumar , Arya Deepshikha , Kumar Sanjiv , Mahajon Bidhan , Rath Chinmay , Tripathi Ashish Kumar , Mangal Anupam K. , Srikanth Narayanam 
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND:
Medico-ethnobotanical exploration is an important part of drug research, which provides information on the distribution, availability, and natural habitat of medicinal plants. The collection of specimens and photographs during the survey tours acts as the reference materials for the description and characterization of raw drugs and their botanical source to avoid adulteration and substitution. The present study aimed to explore the potential of the medicinal plants of the Almora forest division and their present status in the natural habitat.

METHODS:
Medico-ethnobotanical exploration was carried out in the Almora forest division of Kumaun Himalayan region in Uttarakhand, India, from July 2018 to February 2019. Almora, Someshwar, Mohan, and Jaurasi ranges of the Almora forest division were explored in different seasons during these surveys. During exploration, herbarium specimens and photographs of medicinal plants, preferably flowering or fruiting twigs, were collected with locality and GPS data. Plants were identified and also referred to the herbarium of the Regional Ayurveda Research Institute, Ranikhet, Uttarakhand, and the published literature.

RESULTS:
During these surveys, 204 medicinal plant species were documented with their local name and locality(s) with GPS location showing their distribution. Among the 204 identified medicinal plant species of this region, six species are found under the endangered and threatened category.

CONCLUSIONS:
There is an urgent need for the conservation of medicinal plants and their natural habitat for their perpetual existence. Further, medicinal plants having commercial potential should be cultivated by local inhabitants for their socioeconomic development.
Present scenario and future prospects of traditional healers from Hassan district, Karnataka
Authors: Venkatesh Amara Kushavara , Garampalli Rajkumar H. 
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND:
Traditional medicines always played important role in meeting the global healthcare needs. In Hassan district, traditional medicinal practices are widespread, which may be attributed to rich plant diversity in the Western Ghats and presence of many ethnic groups. The study was conducted with a purpose of evaluating the current status of traditional medicinal practitioners in the study region and encompassed on the reasons behind depleting practices and future prospects.

METHODS:
The present study collected and reviewed information using questionnaire from 171 traditional practitioners from Hassan district, Karnataka during 2020–2021.

RESULTS:
The survey found that 36% of healers learnt from other practitioners in their community who were not family members, either as students or people who lived nearby, and 65% learned traditional medicine from their ancestors. In traditional medicine, plants are the main source of medication, and 83% of practitioners use plants solely in their concoctions. Sixty-six percent (66%) of healers were willing to share knowledge, whereas the remaining were conservative in their approach. Various categories of diseases were being treated with abdominal and skin diseases being the dominant.

CONCLUSIONS:
Given the similarities in disease diagnosis, plant harvesting, and processing that have been seen, additional rigorous research is required to put the relationship between Ayurveda and noncodified ancient systems of medicine on a more firm footing. The practise seems to be going extinct due to a lack of knowledge transmission and a shortage of medicinal plants.
An exploration of the preliminary unit operative pharmaceutical process of Vajra Bhasma (diamond ash)
Authors: Parekh Dipali Narendrakumar , Bopaliya Dharmishtha J. , Chudhary Swapnil Y. , Patgiri Biswajyoti J. 
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND:

Vajra (diamond) is a precious gemstone; classified under the Ratna Varga in Ayurveda. More than 13 GMP-certified companies are preparing and marketing Vajra Bhasma (diamond ash) for challenging disorders like cancer, tumors, etc. After reviewing their method for the preparation of Vajra Bhasma; mostly used the reference of Rasa Tantra Sara Evam Siddha Yoga Samgraha. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore the preliminary unit operative pharmaceutical process of Vajra Bhasma with the same method.

METHODS:

Vajra has been analysed by Raman spectroscopy to standardize the material. The Shodhana (purifying process) was carried out with 108 times Nisechana (quenching). The Marana (the process of making Bhasma) has been carried out with Gulab Arka (rose distillate) and Kumari Swarasa (aloe vera juice) as a Marana media under the temperature of 900°C in an electric muffle furnace and maintained for 1 h. Vajra Bhasma was analysed for organoleptic and physicochemical parameters.

RESULTS:
108 times of repeated heating and quenching resulted in 2.84% weight loss after Shodhana. A 9.30% weight gain was found at the end of the Marana process. 60 Putas (a measure of heat) were sufficient for the Bhasma Sidhhi Lakshanas like Varitratva (sprinkled Bhasma floating on water), Nishchandratva (lustreless), etc.

CONCLUSION:
This study led to a better elucidation of the medicinal product Vajra Bhasma in accordance with Ayurveda. Medicines in Ayurvedic approaches to preparation should be used to consider recent designs and practices. The soaking method of the Bhavana method is advisable in the Marana process.
Quality assessment of Kajjali yoga
Authors: Singh Arjun , Ota Sarada , Srikanth Narayanam , Galib Ruknuddin , Bojja Sreedhar , Dhiman Kartar Singh 
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND:

Kajjali (black sulfide of mercury) is prepared with mercury and sulfur as per Ayurvedic classics and is an important ingredient in many Rasaushadhis (herbo-mineral/metallic drugs)/Ayurvedic medicines. Here, an attempt has been made to understand its chemical composition and microstructure characterization of this drug using AAS/ICP-AES, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Kajjali was prepared in three batches by taking equal proportions of Shodhita Parada (purified mercury) and Shodhita Gandhaka (purified sulfur) and ground in Khalwa yantra (mortar and pestle) till the disappearance of metallic luster of mercury and conversion of the compound into black powder. Ayurvedic specifications for the analysis of Kajjali yoga were carried out. Physico-chemical analysis, assay of elements by AAS and ICP-AES, and microstructure characterization by XRD and XPS were performed to ensure the chemical nature.

RESULTS:
The chemical analysis revealed that Kajjali yoga contains 49.50% of mercury and 45.50% of sulfur on average together with minor elements. It usually contains free sulfur as evident from a peak at 21.3° in the XRD pattern. The XRD pattern confirms to the low temperature cubic crystalline form of mercuric sulfide.

CONCLUSION:
The developed in-house quality standards for the Kajjali yoga may be used as quality standards for the Kajjali yoga and will also help the scientists and researchers for further studies.
Shelf-life evaluation of Kasisadya Ghritam prepared by two different methods: A preliminary evaluation
Authors: Yadav Pramod R. , Galib R. , Prajapati Pradeep Kumar , Singh Preeti 
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND:

Kasisadya ghritam (KG) is a herbomineral formulation comprising 32 natural ingredients mentioned in Sharangadhara samhita. Different methods of preparation have been mentioned regarding the same especially in respect to the heating pattern, that is, Agnipaki and Suryatapi. As this medicine has shown promising results in various ailments since the ages, the use of this medicine has become very prevalent in recent clinical practices. The globalization and commercialization of Ayurveda sought for the stability of this medicine is unfortunately not evaluated to date. Therefore, a plan had been made to evaluate the shelf life of this formulation by following parameters prevalent in the respective scenario. The aim of this study was to evaluate the shelf life of both the samples of Kasisadya ghritam Suryatapi (KGS) and Kasisadya ghritam Agnipaki (KGA) through basic analytical parameters and chromatographic fingerprinting.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Stability period of both the samples was determined by the accelerated stability study as per International Council of Harmonization (ICH) Guidelines Q1A (R2). The test drugs were stored at 40°C ± 2°C temperature and 75 ± 5% relative humidity and withdrawn at the intervals of 0, 1st, 3rd, and 6th months of storage. Physicochemical parameters of KGS and KGA were analyzed at the intervals of 0, 1, 3, and 6 months, whereas chromatographic fingerprinting was done initially and after 6 months of the study. Based upon the observations, intercept, slope, 10% degradation of the sample, and the shelf life of both the samples were calculated.

RESULTS:
Basic analytical parameters showed both the samples deteriorate by time. By calculating the analytical data, 10% degradation of KGS was found in specific gravity (0.83), viscosity (194.4), acid value (6.58), peroxide value (1.97), and total fatty matter (78.83). The data of KGA revealed 10% degradation in parameters, that is, specific gravity (0.8295), viscosity (496.8), acid value (0.864), peroxide value (1.341), and total fatty matter (82.81). Rf values obtained from high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) of both samples initially and after 6 months showed minimum deterioration of the product. Microbial count and heavy metals were below the permissible limits in both the samples. Accelerated stability study reveals the shelf life of KGS as 3.8 years, whereas that of KGA as 4.4 years.

CONCLUSION:
Rule 161 B of Drugs and Cosmetics Rule, 1945 mentioned the shelf life of medicated Ghrita as 2 years. This time period is general, and different formulations may have different shelf lives based upon several factors. The samples tested in the current study, that is, KGS and KGA, are found to have a shelf life of 3.8 and 4.4 years, respectively, which are more than the time specified in the guidelines. The findings suggest that the sample prepared by subjecting to heat has more shelf life than the sample prepared by subjecting to sunlight.
Similarity and docking analysis of bioactive compounds from Adansonia digitata L. against vascular endothelial growth factor receptor—An in silico approach
Authors: Sharma Shikha , Shukla Vinay Janardan 
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND:
The development of novel anticancer medications has been the most pressing necessity in recent years because cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. For more than 50 years, natural remedies have been acknowledged as powerful in the fight against many illnesses, including cancer. So in the current study, different similarity-based approaches were used to discover whether the bioactive present in Adansonia digitata has anticancer potential through similarity analysis and in silico docking study.

METHODS:
The chemotype similarity searching was done using KNIME using Tanimoto and dice (substructure) similarity measures against the molecules present in the CHEMBEL database having activity on the HepG2 cell line. After that, docking was performed against vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2, which is responsible for hepatic cancer, using Pyrx AutoDock wizard with MGL tools 1.5.6 by using a genetic algorithm, and visualization was done using UCSF chimera.

RESULTS:
The study has shown that the bioactives present in Adansonia digitata have similarity with the anticancer molecules having activity against the HepG2 cell lines and the docking study revealed that the binding energy ranges from -0.72 to -10.32 (Kcal/mol). Smaller binding energies represent the stronger interaction of the molecules.

CONCLUSION:

Adansonia digitata has bioactives that may be an effective inhibitor against the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 and may possess anticancer properties.
Shelf life computation of Bhallataka Rasayana
Authors: Sharma Shivani , Yadav Pramod , Ruknuddin Galib , Prajapati Pradeep kumar 
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND:

Bhallataka Rasayana (BR), an Ayurvedic formulation, contains Bhallataka (Semecarpus anacardium L.f.) as the main ingredient. This ingredient is well-known for its anti-oxidant, anti-atherogenic, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-reproductive, CNS stimulant, hypoglycemic, and anti-carcinogenic activities. Although it is an effective classical formulation, yet no published data is available on its stability. Therefore, it is the need of the hour to evaluate the shelf life of each formulation following parameters predominant in the concerned scenario. Here, an attempt has been made to determine the shelf life of BR through an accelerated stability study.

METHODS:
Following classical reference, BR was prepared in the Pharmaceutical Laboratory, All India Institute of Ayurveda, New Delhi. The samples were subjected to an accelerated stability study maintaining temperature and humidity of 40°C ± 2°C, and 75% ± 5% respectively. Relevant analytical parameters were performed at an interval of 0, 1, 3, and 6 months to check the degradation levels in the formulation.

RESULT:
Insignificant changes were observed in the organoleptic parameters, while significant changes were observed in some of the physico-chemical constants at different stages of analysis. Also, microbial contamination and heavy metals examination tests were found within the permissible limits. On extrapolation of the observations, the shelf life of BR is found to be 4 years and 4 months.

CONCLUSION:
The shelf life of BR exceeds the classical standards for confectionary preparations. Increased shelf life may be due to minimal ingredients and strict following of standard manufacturing procedures with proper hygiene maintenance.
Antiproliferative potential of Amalaki Rasayana and the effect of Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub on the cytotoxicity
Authors: Subramanyan Santhi , Selvakumar Deepika , Omanakuttan Vishnu K. , Maiti Kaustabh K. , Varma Ramavarma L. , Pillai Rajmohan V. , Radhakrishnan Kokkuvayil V. 
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND:

Amalaki Rasayana is one of the prominent rejuvenating Rasayana described in Indian traditional Ayurvedic medicine for healthy aging.

AIM:
This work is focused on the comparative evaluation of the antiproliferative potential of AR, amla (a constituent), and Butea monosperma (BM; a component in the preparation) in the human cervix adenocarcinoma (HeLa) cell line and normal lung fibroblast (WI-38) cell lines. Also, we carried out the identification of phytoconstituents from the heartwood of BM.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Cell growth inhibitory effects of the extracts of AR, amla, and BM were carried out using 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Isolation and characterization of compounds from BM were carried out using column chromatography and various spectroscopic techniques.

RESULTS:
AR exhibited a significant anticancer activity in HeLa cells compared to amla, and the Rasayana was found to be less cytotoxic toward normal cells. The results indicated an increase in the cytotoxicity to HeLa cells when amla is processed compared to AR in the heartwood of BM. The phytochemical investigation of BM revealed the presence of isoflavones as the major constituent. The isolated compounds were formononetin, daidzein, prunetin, lupiwighteone, afrormosin, erypoegin K, genistein, sterols β-sitosterol and stigmasterol and a monosaccharide D-mannitol. Erypoegin K, lupiwighteone, and D-mannitol were reported for the first time from this species and afrormosin was reported for the first time from the heartwood.

CONCLUSIONS:
Antiproliferative potential of AR was confirmed on cervical carcinoma. BM significantly enhances the therapeutic potential of AR, and AR could be an effective chemopreventive agent.
Neuroprotective role of Sida acuta Burm. f. in scopolamine-induced memory impairment rat model
Authors: Singh Jyoti , Nayak Prasanta Kumar , Kushwaha Ashwini Kumar , Gautam Dev Nath Singh , Nandi Manmath Kumar 
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND:
In the present study, neuropharmacological effect of Sida acuta root extract was investigated by in vitro and in vivo experimental models.

METHODS:
In in vitro electrophysiological study, hippocampal slices of the albino rats’ brain were treated with three different concentrations of the extract (0.25, 0.5, and 1 mg/mL). Field excitatory postsynaptic potential slope (mV/ms) was assessed. In in vivo study, plant extract was given at three different doses (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg b.w., p.o.). Piracetam (200 mg/kg i.p.) was used as a standard drug and scopolamine (1 mg/kg, i.p.) was used to induce dementia in rats. The effect of extract was assessed using elevated plus maze and Barnes maze model.

RESULTS:
The in vitro result showed reduction in the amplitude of field excitatory postsynaptic potential slope after wash in the extract at 0.25 mg/mL, 0.5 mg/mL, and 1 mg/mL due to the partial blockage of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor. In vivo study reveals that scopolamine-treated rats exhibited delayed latency time in elevated plus maze and Barnes maze, as well as numbers of error were also increased in Barnes maze as compared to the control. Animals treated with piracetam and root extract (200 mg/kg) reduced the effect of scopolamine-induced dementia to a great extent.

CONCLUSION:
This finding reveals that Sida acuta root extract has cognitive enhancing activity.
Preparation of Gomaya Swarasa (cow dung-expressed juice): A preliminary pharmaceutical evaluation
Authors: Sariga K. S , Acharya Rabinarayan 
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND:

Gomaya Swarasa (Cow dung expressed juice) is one of the commonly used materials in Ayurvedic Pharmaceutics. Available Ayurvedic pharmacopeias provide inadequate information about the process of preparation of Gomaya Swarasa. This article deals with the preparation of Gomaya Swarasa and its preliminary pharmaceutical evaluation.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Fresh Gomaya (cow dung) obtained from Bos primigenius indicus species was used to prepare Gomaya Swarasa by using two different methods: first, by keeping a piece of clean muslin cloth inside the Gomaya for one Yama three hours and extracting the Swarasa by squeezing it. In another method, water was added, in three different ratios: half, same, and double the quantity with freshly collected Gomaya and properly mixed, set aside for three hours, and finally kept in a muslin cloth and tied like a Pottali for twenty four hours. The Swarasa obtained were collected on the following day; the yield, consistency, specific gravity, and pH were analyzed following standard methods of API. Each method was repeated three times.

RESULTS:
No yield was obtained in the first method of extraction. The maximum quantity of Swarasa obtained was 74% in 1:2 (Gomaya: water) ratio dilution, followed by 37.4% in 1:1 ratio dilution. The consistency of Swarasa obtained in 1:1/2 dilution was very thick with an average specific gravity of 1.009, whereas that in 1:1 dilution is somewhat thick but more liquid in nature with an average specific gravity of 1.006. The Swarasa obtained from 1:2 dilution is thin and of liquid consistency with an average specific gravity of 1.004. The maximum average pH obtained is 7.56 in 1:1/2 dilution, and the minimum average pH is 6.28 in 1:2 ratio dilution.

CONCLUSION:

Gomaya Swarasa prepared by adding the double quantity of water can be taken as a better method of preparation in terms of yield, consistency, and specific gravity. However, the pH of Gomaya Swarasa from this method was slightly acidic (average pH-6.28) in nature. Thus, Swarasa from 1:1 dilution can be taken as standard in terms of pH, where the other factors such as yield, consistency, and specific gravity are also acceptable. The Swarasa obtained from different dilutions can be used in pharmaceutics based on its need in terms of pH, yield, consistency, and specific gravity.
Botanical standardization, phytochemical analysis, and antioxidant studies of various fractions of Atibala [Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet] leaves
Authors: Bolleddu Rajesh , Venkatesh Sama , Mangal Anupam K. , Varanasi Subhose , Paria Deboleena , Prasad Peyyala Venkata Vara , Shiddamallayya Nagayya , Bandi Venkateshwarlu , Srikanth Narayanam 
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND:

Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet (family: Malvaceae) is a perennial herb with golden yellow flowers called as Atibala in Ayurveda. The roots of this plant were widely used in traditional system of medicine as aphrodisiac, uterine tonic, and leaves are used in bronchitis, gonorrhea, fever, and urethritis.

AIM:
In this study, histological, powder microscopical studies of A. indicum (Malvaceae) leaves, followed by total phenolic, flavonoid content, antioxidant potential of hydroalcoholic extract, and its fractions, were determined.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Anatomical, powder microscopical studies were carried out according to the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Hydroalcoholic extract was subjected to fractionation with different solvents, performed phytochemical studies for all fractions, and screened for DPPH (diphenyl picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity and reducing power capacity.

RESULTS:
The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of phenolic and flavonoid compounds in all the fractions. The total phenolic content of hydroalcoholic/mother extract and all fractions was ranged from 20 to 40 mg GAE/g. The flavonoid content of mother extract and all fractions was measured; values ranged from 16 to 30 mg RE/g. The highest DPPH radical scavenging activity was demonstrated by ethyl acetate fraction (IC50-60 µg/mL), followed by butanol fraction (IC50-95 µg/mL). The reducing powers of all the extracts were comparable with those of positive control butylated hydroxyl toluene (BHT).

CONCLUSION:
The high content of phenolic compounds indicated that these compounds are responsible for antioxidant activity. Therefore, ethyl acetate fraction of A. indicum leaves can be considered as a promising candidate for natural plant sources of antioxidants.