bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting the potential distribution range of Batocera horsfieldi under CMIP6 climate change using the MaxEnt model
Authors: Wei Xinju , Xu Danping , Liu Quanwei , Wu Yuhan , Zhuo Zhihang 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Batocera horsfieldi (Hope) (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Batocera) is an important wood-boring pest in China, mainly affecting natural forests, economic forests, urban gardens, and green landscapes. In this study, based on the MaxEnt model and ArcGIS, we combined 216 distribution records of B. horsfieldi with 11 selected key environmental variables to predict its potential suitable distribution under current climate data (1970–2000) and 3 climate emission scenarios from the Sixth Phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). The results showed that monthly mean diurnal temperature ranges (bio2), isothermality (bio3), temperature seasonality (bio4), minimum temperature of the coldest month (bio6), mean temperature of the wettest quarter (bio8), mean temperature of the driest quarter (bio9), annual precipitation (bio12), precipitation of the wettest month (bio13), precipitation of the driest month (bio14), precipitation seasonality (coefficient of variation) (bio15), and altitude were the key environmental variables influencing the potential distribution of B. horsfieldi. In the future scenarios of SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, and SSP5-8.5, the areas of high, moderate, and low suitable distribution areas have varied to different extents. However, under the SSP2-4.5 scenario (2050s), there is an observable increase in the areas of high, moderate, and low suitability. The total area of the suitable area reaches 160.88 × 104 km2 and is also shifting toward higher latitudes and altitudes. This study provides scientific reference for future pest control by predicting B. horsfieldi’s potential distribution. A “graded response” detection and early warning system and prevention and control strategies can be formulated based on the potential suitable areas to address this pest challenge effectively.
An alternative chicken-based diet for mass-rearing screwworm flies
Authors: Hickner Paul V , Sagel Agustin , Quintero Gladys , Vasquez Mario , Tietjen Mackenzie , Lohmeyer Kimberly H , Arp Alex P 
Published: November 2023

AbstractScrewworm flies are mass-reared and released along the Panama-Colombia border to prevent reinfestation of Central and North America. The cost of the production facility, labor, and diet materials makes mass-rearing the most expensive component of the program. The mass-rearing diet has a large impact on the quality and quantity of insects produced, both of which are necessary for the successful implementation of the sterile insect technique. The diet currently used to rear screwworm flies in Panama contains dried bovine red blood cells, dried bovine plasma, egg powder, milk replacement powder, cellulose (thickening agent), formaldehyde (antimicrobial), and water. Here, we tested an alternative diet containing 2 chicken by-products, which cost less and are locally available, to replace the egg powder and milk replacement powder currently used in the diet. We used 2 screwworm colony strains in our test, the current production strain (Jamaica) and an early female-lethal strain. The chicken diet performed similarly to the production diet with the Jamaica strain, while further optimization will likely be needed for transgenic strain. Finally, nutritional analysis conducted on 7 diet ingredients will assist with diet optimization and the identification of alternative diet ingredients.
Peimisine ameliorates DSS-induced colitis by suppressing Jak–Stat activation and alleviating gut microbiota dysbiosis in mice
Authors: Li Yue , Yang Xia , Han Jicheng , Bai Bing , Li Yaru , Shang Chao , Li Shanzhi , Xiu Zhiru , Liu Zirui , Ge Chenchen , Zhu Guangze , Jin Ningyi , Fang Jinbo , Li Yiquan , Li Xiao , Zhu Yilong 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Inflammatory cytokine secretion and gut microbiota dysbiosis play crucial roles in ulcerative colitis. In this research, the protective effects of peimisine on colitis mice were investigated.

Methods
The protective effects were evaluated by the disease activity index, colonic length, hematoxylin–eosin, and AB/PAS Staining. The protective mechanisms were analyzed by ELISA, Western-blot, immunohistochemistry staining, immunofluorescence staining, and 16S rRNA gene analysis.

Key findings
The results showed that peimisine treatment could reduce the disease activity index, prevent colonic shortening, and alleviate colon tissue damage. Peimisine treatment also decreased the levels of MCP-1, IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-γ, TNF-α and affected macrophage polarization and Th17/Treg cell balance by downregulating the expression of jak1/2, p-jak1/2, stat1/3, and p-stat1/3. Moreover, peimisine treatment significantly increased the abundances of beneficial microbes (e.g. Ruminococcaceae UCG-014 and Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group) and decreased the abundances of harmful microbes (e.g. Bacteroides and Escherichia).

Conclusions
Peimisine can ameliorate colitis by inhibiting Jak–Stat signaling pathway, reversing gut microbiota alterations, suppressing macrophage M1 polarization, maintaining the Th17/Treg cell balance, and reducing sustained inflammatory cytokines-related inflammatory injury.
Dysregulation of tyrosinase activity: a potential link between skin disorders and neurodegeneration
Authors: Jin Wanli , Stehbens Samantha J , Barnard Ross T , Blaskovich Mark A T , Ziora Zyta M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Objectives
The co-occurrence of melanoma and Parkinson’s disease (PD) is higher than expected. We review the relationship between melanoma and PD, then proffer a hypothesis of how dysregulated human tyrosinase could be involved in both diseases via the loss of dopamine and neuromelanin-positive neurons in PD and the genesis alterations in melanin content during melanoma.

Key findings
There are a surprising number of links between skin disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. Some risk factors related to the co-occurrence of PD and melanoma have been extensively investigated over the past 15 years. It has been proposed that human tyrosinase, an enzyme participating in the biosynthesis of neuromelanin in the brain and of melanin in the skin, plays a role. Abnormally dysregulated human tyrosinase impacts the genesis and progression of melanoma and PD.

Summary
The dual role of human tyrosinase places it as the potential critical link between these seemingly distinct conditions. Detecting and monitoring human tyrosinase activity in the progression of melanoma and PD opens new opportunities for early diagnosis and treatment of both diseases.
Resazurin microplate test method for rapid determination of colistin resistance in carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumanii isolates
Authors: Yildirim Kubra , Simsek Ece , Kocak Orhan , Bozkurt Serhat , Koyuncu Ozyurt Ozlem , Coban Ahmet Yilmaz 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Colistin-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates are extremely important pathogens for hospital-acquired infections.

Objective
To investigate the effectiveness of the resazurin microplate assay (REMA) for the rapid determination of colistin resistance.

Methods
Susceptibility for colistin was investigated in vitro by the broth microdilution method (BMD) and the resazurin microplate assay (REMA) on 106 carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates.

Results
The results of both test methods were compared, and the categorical agreement between them was found to be 100%. No minor, major, or very major discrepancy was observed between the 2 methods.

Conclusions
The most important advantages of REMA are that the results are obtained within 6 hours compared to the reference method, that it is easy to evaluate because it is colorimetric, and that the susceptibility result can be reported to the clinician on the same day as bacterial identification.
Feasibility and User Experience of Digital Patient Monitoring for Real-World Patients With Lung or Breast Cancer
Authors: Arriola Edurne , Jaal Jana , Edvardsen Anne , Silvoniemi Maria , Araújo António , Vikström Anders , Zairi Eleni , Rodriguez-Mues Mari Carmen , Roccato Marco , Schneider Sophie , Ammann Johannes 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Digital patient monitoring (DPM) tools can facilitate early symptom management for patients with cancer through systematic symptom reporting; however, low adherence can be a challenge. We assessed patient/healthcare professional (HCP) use of DPM in routine clinical practice.

Materials and Methods
Patients with locally advanced/metastatic lung cancer or HER2-positive breast cancer received locally approved/reimbursed drugs alongside DPM, with elements tailored by F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, on the Kaiku Health DPM platform. Patient access to the DPM tool was through their own devices (eg, laptops, PCs, smartphones, or tablets), via either a browser or an app on Apple iOS or Android devices. Coprimary endpoints were patient DPM tool adoption (positive threshold: 60%) and week 1-6 adherence to weekly symptom reporting (positive threshold: 70%). Secondary endpoints included experience and clinical impact.

Results
At data cutoff (June 9, 2022), adoption was 85% and adherence was 76%. Customer satisfaction and effort scores for patients were 76% and 82%, respectively, and 83% and 79% for HCPs. Patients spent approximately 10 minutes using the DPM tool and completed approximately 1.0 symptom questionnaires per week (completion time 1-4 minutes). HCPs spent approximately 1-3 minutes a week using the tool per patient. Median time to HCP review for alerted versus non-alerted symptom questionnaires was 19.6 versus 21.5 hours. Most patients and HCPs felt that the DPM tool covered/mostly covered symptoms experienced (71% and 75%), was educational (65% and 92%), and improved patient-HCP conversations (70% and 83%) and cancer care (51% and 71%).

Conclusion
The DPM tool demonstrated positive adoption, adherence, and user experience for patients with lung/breast cancer, suggesting that DPM tools may benefit clinical cancer care.
Prevalence and predictors of mortality among hospitalized children with severe acute malnutrition in a hospital in North Cameroon
Authors: Kedy Koum Danièle Christiane , Eposse Charlotte , Kojom Foko Loick Pradel , Mbono Betoko Ritha , Ismaila Zeinabou , Njanseb Nfanleu Carine Laure , Noukeu Njinkui Diomède , Penda Calixte Ida 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) is a major public health concern responsible for paediatric hospitalizations and more than one-third of deaths across the world. In 2013, SAM caused ≥20% of deaths in severely malnourished infants in Douala, the economic capital of Cameroon. There is little data on SAM in economically, sanitary and socially disadvantaged Cameroonian regions including the North region.

Objectives
To determine the prevalence and potential predictors of mortality among children with SAM in a reference health facility in Garoua, North region, Cameroon.

Methods
A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted from November 2021 to May 2022 at the paediatric ward of Garoua Regional hospital. Data collected on sociodemographic, clinical and therapeutic characteristics in this study were questionnaire based.

Results
A total of 6769 children were admitted for hospitalization during the study period, among them 701 SAM cases, giving a hospital prevalence of 10.4%. Of the 347 children included, 51% of the study population were males and 87.6% were children aged 6–23 months. Seven predictors of mortality were identified: orphan status [adjusted odds ratios (AOR) = 8.70, p = 0.021], vomiting (AOR = 3.40, p &lt; 0.0001), marasmus–kwashiorkor (AOR = 7.30, p = 0.005), lack of appetite (AOR = 56.10, p &lt; 0.0001), cutaneous lesions (AOR = 5.50, p = 0.014), lethargy (AOR = 4.50, p = 0.001) and nasogastric rehydration (AOR = 6.50, p = 0.004).

Conclusion
Practitioners in the northern region of Cameroon should address these locally identified mortality factors to intervene with, and hopefully prevent and adequately manage malnutrition and SAM in this and similar contexts.
ANTI‐INFLAMMATORY EFFECT OF BRAIN‐VAGAL STIMULATION: IMPLICATION IN POST OPERATIVE GASTRIC ILEUS
Authors: YUAN PU‐QING , TACHÉ YVETTE 
Published: November 2023

Resident macrophages within the intestinal muscularis externa (ME) contribute to both the initiation and the resolution of inflammation through activation of M1 and M2 phenotypes secreting pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory mediators respectively. The inflammation induced by abdominal surgery (AS) and its role in ileus have been reported mainly in the intestine while rarely studied in the stomach. There is a known anti‐inflammatory effect of electrical vagal stimulation involving cholinergic signaling. We showed that intracisternal (IC) injection of the stable thyrotropin‐releasing hormone (TRH) analog, RX‐77368 activates neurons in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMN), gastric vagal efferent activity and cholinergic neurons in the gastric myenteric plexus (MP). Aims of this study are to investigate whether AS induces gastric inflammation by altering the activation states of macrophages in the myenteric plexus (MP) and whether central vagal stimulation prevents this response. We obtained evidence in the rat gastric corpus that M1 macrophages are distributed on or around myenteric ganglia in a highly variable or patchy pattern while M2 often outlined the perimeter of ganglia with processes conformed to the surface of the cholinergic neurons as visualized by specific markers. At 6 h after AS there is a significant increase in the number of M1 cells (2.2.‐fold) and interleukin (IL) 1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) a mRNA (1.6‐ and 1.3‐fold respectively) with infiltration of neutrophils labeled by myeloperoxidase (MPO) in the ME and gastric emptying (GE) is delayed. IC RX77368 significantly upregulated the gene expression of peripheral choline acetyl transferase (pChAT) and vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT), abolished the above increases in the gastric ME and prevented the delayed GE induced by AS. The M2 cell number and IL10 expression did not change after AS or IC RX77368. We also showed that Ghrelin and enzyme ghrelin‐O‐acyltransferase mRNAs were significantly upregulated in the gastric mucosa 6 h after AS which was completely reversed by IC RX77368. The oral administration of the brain penetrant ghrelin agonist, HM01 induced Fos expression in 53% of ChAT immunoreactive (IR) neurons in the DMN and 55% of pChAT IR neurons in the gastric MP. Hexamethonium partially reduced HM01‐induced increase of Fos expression in the MP but not in the DMN. At 6 h post AS, the upregulation of gastric IL1β and TNFα and delayed GE by AS were abolished by HMO1 while IL10 was elevated. These data indicate that AS induced a pro‐inflammatory M1 response in the gastric ME which is prevented by central vagal cholinergic activation induced by central TRH or ghrelin; this may play a role in alleviating postoperative gastric ileus.Support or Funding InformationNIH/NIDDK R01 DK057238 (YT)VA Merit Award (YT)
Acute fructose overload induces baroreflex dysfunction in close relatives of type 2 diabetics
Authors: Santos Fernando , Dipp Thiago , Schaan Beatriz D Agord , Casali Karina Rabello , Morris Mariana , Signori Luis Ulisses , Della Méa Plentz Rodrigo , Irigoyen Maria Claudia 
Published: November 2023

The study evaluated the effects of acute fructose overload on metabolic and cardiovascular parameters in offspring of diabetics. The goal was to uncover a possible hereditary influence. Groups were controls (CG, n=15) and first‐degree relatives of type 2 diabetics (FDR, n=12), male and female. Autonomic and cardiovascular measures were taken before and one hr. after drinking tepid water (300ml) or a fructose solution (100g in 300ml). The analysis was conducted under two conditions: supine and standing. There was no difference in age, waist‐hip ratio, BMI, fasting glucose, glucose overload response, fasting insulin, HOMA‐IR, TSH or lipids. Water or fructose under supine conditions did not change HR, SAP or HR variability. In contrast, under standing conditions fructose increased HR versus water in CG (100.6±5.1 vs. 82.7±3.5 bpm) and FDR (101.7±4.7 vs. 85.9±3.5 bpm). Fructose reduced HR variability in CG (36%) and in FDR (48%). Offspring of diabetics show a deficiency in autonomic activation when exposed to standing, independently of fructose intake. This is seen as a lower sympatho‐vagal balance after water or fructose, respectively (5.6±0.9 and 4.2±0.7) versus CG (12.0±2.2 and 8.8±1.1). With regard to SAP variability, FDR showed a 77% higher variance and a 101% higher peripheral sympathetic modulation when compared to CG, supine and standing. Baroreflex sensibility as measured by alpha index was normal in CG (13.2±1.1 and 12.5±1.5 ms/mmHg) after water and fructose, respectively. Baroreflex sensibility was lower in FDR submitted to fructose overload (7.5±0.9 ms/mmHg) as compared to FDR‐water (11.2±1.2 ms/mmHg) and CG after fructose (12.5±1.5 ms/mmHg). The same responses were seen in the standing position. Results suggest an important hereditary influence of fructose intake on autonomic function which is independent of metabolic changes. These findings raise concerns for excess fructose intake in persons with a hereditary relationship to diabetic patients.Support or Funding InformationFapesp 2013/23418‐0
Treatment of Hypertensive Obese Zucker Rats with Metformin Enhances Phenylephrine‐Induced Bradycardia and c‐Fos Expression in the NTS
Authors: Chaudhary Parul , Schreihofer Ann 
Published: November 2023

With the progression of metabolic syndrome adult obese Zucker rats (OZR) develop impaired baroreflexes that coincide with a reduced ability to activate the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS). The NTS, which receives baroreceptor afferent inputs, appears to respond less to acute rises in mean arterial pressure (MAP) as suggested by less phenylephrine (PE)‐induced c‐Fos expression compared to age‐matched lean Zucker rats (LZR). In addition microinjection of glutamate into the NTS produces smaller reductions in splanchnic sympathetic nerve activity and MAP in adult OZR versus LZR. We have recently observed that prevention of hypertension improves baroreflexes in OZR, but they are still impaired compared to like‐treated LZR. Because hyperglycemia impairs NTS function and baroreflexes in type I diabetic rats, we hypothesized that improvement of glycemia in OZR would also enhance baroreflexes and the ability to activate the NTS. OZR and LZR were treated with metformin (MET; 300 mg/kg/day in drinking water) for 3 weeks (began at 13 weeks of age) and compared to untreated age‐matched rats. Blood samples were taken in conscious, unfasted rats at 9–10 am. Compared to untreated OZR, MET‐treated OZR had lower blood glucose levels (179±19 vs. 120±8 mg/dl, P<0.05) with no difference between untreated and treated LZR (119±6 vs. 122±6 mg/dl). In contrast, MET did not alter plasma insulin levels (in ng/ml) in either LZR or OZR (5.5±2.1 vs. 2.3±0.7 in LZR and 23±0.1 vs. 19.0±4.7 in OZR). In conscious rats fitted with indwelling femoral catheters and tethers with swivels, MAP was elevated in OZR compared to LZR (136±4 vs. 120±2 mmHg, P<0.05), and these differences persisted in OZR and LZR treated with MET (140±2 vs. 118±4 mmHg, P<0.05). Infusion of PE (iv) to raise MAP by 40 mmHg evoked a smaller bradycardia in untreated OZR vs. LZR (−52±7 vs. −120±7 bpm, P<0.05). Treatment with MET enhanced PE‐induced bradycardia in OZR (−84±12 bpm, P<0.05) but not LZR (−135±12 bpm), and MET‐treated OZR were still impaired compared to MET‐treated LZR (P<0.05). Likewise, PE‐induced c‐Fos expression in the intermediate NTS (total bilateral counts at bregma −14.2 and −13.8 mm) was reduced in OZR compared to LZR (70±8 vs. 117±9, P<0.05), and MET treatment increased PE‐induced c‐Fos expression in OZR (170±18, P<0.05) but not LZR (154±23). These data suggest treatment with MET improves glycemia in OZR without significantly altering plasma insulin or MAP levels in either OZR or LZR. Further, these data suggest that improved glycemia in OZR partially restores baroreflex‐mediated changes in heart rate coincident with an enhanced response of the NTS to an acute rise in MAP. Further study is needed to determine whether combined treatment to prevent hypertension and improve glycemic control in OZR will normalize baroreflexes and NTS function.Support or Funding InformationAHA GRNT18880005.
Infusion of Losartan into the 4th Ventricle Reduced Cardiac Sympathoexcitation in Heart Failure
Authors: Abukar Yonis , May Clive N 
Published: November 2023

Background and AimsA key feature of heart failure (HF) is an increase in cardiac sympathetic nerve activity (CSNA). We have found that the area postrema (AP), a brainstem circumventricular organ, plays an important role in controlling CSNA and in determining the increase in CSNA in heart failure. We hypothesized that in sheep with HF, 4th ventricular infusions of losartan (angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist) will reduce CSNA to a greater extent than infusion into the cisterna magna.MethodsIn sheep (n=6), when ejection fraction (EF) had fallen to ~50%, cannulae were implanted for infusion into the 4th ventricle and cisterna magna. Blood pressure, heart rate, CSNA & renal SNA were recorded when EF had fallen to <40%. Losartan (1.0 mg/h) or artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) (1.0 mL/h) were infused into the 4th ventricle and cisterna magna for 5 h, at two days after nerve recording electrodes were surgically implanted.ResultsIn sheep with HF, there was a significant decrease in EF (from 81 ± 3 % to 37 ± 1 %, P <0.001). During 4th ventricle infusion of losartan, there was a significant decrease in CSNA (89 ± 3 to 48 ± 8 bursts/100 heartbeats, P<0.01). Infusion of losartan into the cisterna magna caused a smaller decrease in CSNA (85 ± 2 to 74 ± 4 bursts/100 heartbeats, P<0.05). Infusion of losartan into the 4th ventricle caused no significant changes in renal SNA or in other parameters. Infusion of aCSF into the 4th ventricle or cistrena magna had no effects.ConclusionsInfusion of losartan into the 4th ventricle reduced the elevated CSNA in sheep with HF. The findings suggest that angiotensin type 1 receptors in the brainstem have an important role in determining the increased CSNA in heart failure.
High inorganic phosphate diet augments the sympathetic response to exercise pressor reflex activation in rats
Authors: Mizuno Masaki , Crawford Scott , Carnahan Cooper , Mitchell Jere H , Smith Scott A , Vongpatanasin Wanpen 
Published: November 2023

Inorganic phosphates are widely used in the food industry as preservatives, flavor enhancers, and color stabilizers. Evidence suggests high inorganic phosphate (Pi) diets induce hypertension in normal rats. Whether alterations in sympathetic function contribute to this manifestation of high blood pressure is unknown. Accordingly, we measured changes in renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) during stimulation of the muscle exercise pressor reflex (EPR) in decerebrated Sprague‐Dawley rats fed a normal (0.6%) or high (1.2%) Pi diet for 12 weeks. Compared to normal Pi diet‐fed rats, a high Pi diet significantly increased 24‐hour urine excretion of phosphate (12±1 vs. 77±5 mg/day, P<0.05) as well as resting MAP (94±5 vs. 120±5 mmHg, P<0.05). There were no differences in sodium and potassium excretion between groups. Comparing control rats to those fed a high Pi diet, contraction‐induced stimulation of the EPR evoked significantly greater increases in RSNA (Δ = 46±9 vs. 126±25 %, P<0.05) and MAP (Δ = 14±2 vs. 44±5 mmHg, P<0.05) in rats fed a 1.2% Pi diet. The data provide the first evidence that excess phosphorus intake induces sympathetic overactivity in response to EPR activation. This finding suggests that the high dietary Pi commonly observed in the normal American diet may lead to sympathetic dysfunction contributing to the pathogenesis of hypertension.Support or Funding InformationSupported by NIH HL‐113738