bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel Structural and Electronic Properties, Magnetic Anisotropy and Quantum Capacitance of Cr2/3Sc1/3CO2 I‐Mxene
Authors: Liu Ming‐Zhu , Li Xiao‐Hong , Zhang Rui‐Zhou , Cui Hong‐Ling 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMXene is widely used as electrode material because of its excellent performance. A new branch, i‐MXene is recently synthesized and confirmed to have superior performance. Density functional theory is used to investigate the structural and electronic properties, magnetic anisotropy and quantum capacitance of Cr2/3Sc1/3CO2 i‐MXene. The results indicate that the three models are stable and have magnetism, which originates from Cr‐d states. Cr2/3Sc1/3CO2 has higher work function and can be used as hole injection electrode. Model 2 prefers in‐plane as the magnetic easy direction, while the magnetic easy‐axis of model 3 is out‐of‐plane. The three models of Cr2/3Sc1/3CO2 are all suitable for anode material in whole voltage. Quantum capacitance, surface storage charges and electrode types at 233, 300, and 353 K are also investigated.
Human Milk Surveys on Persistent Organic Pollutants from a Historical Perspective
Authors: Fürst Peter 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPersistent organic pollutants (POPs) were identified in humans who have not been dealing with these chemicals intentionally—from organochlorine pesticides towards industrial chemicals, brominated and fluorine containing POPs. This chapter provides a brief overview of major developments in POPs monitoring in human milk and depicts a gradual broadening of the knowledge underpinned by advances in the instrumentation for chemical analysis as well as expansion of range of analytes that warranted attention. The chapter also shows how, in the course of the past 70 years, human milk monitoring has become an efficient and cost-effective non-invasive biomonitoring tool to evaluate the internal human exposure to POPs and the resulting body burden.
WHO- and UNEP-Coordinated Human Milk Studies 2000–2019: Findings of Chlorinated Paraffins
Authors: Krätschmer Kerstin , Vetter Walter , Kalina Jiří , Malisch Rainer 
Published: October 2023

AbstractChlorinated paraffins (CP) are complex mixtures of several million theoretically possible individual compounds. Contrary to medium-chain CP (MCCP, C14–C17) and long-chain CP (LCCP, C18–C30), the third sub-group investigated, short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCP, C10–C13), have been listed in 2017 in Annex A (Elimination) of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants. The concentrations of CP were determined in 84 nation-wide pooled human milk samples collected between 2009 and 2019 in 57 countries participating in exposure studies coordinated by the World Health Organization and the United Nations Environment Programme. Until 2015, only total CP content was determined. In light of on-going efforts to also add other CP groups to the Annexes of the Stockholm Convention and the glaring lack of data on the general background contamination worldwide, later analysis determined SCCP and MCCP and investigated the presence of LCCP (C18–C20 only). CP were present in all 84 samples, ranging 8.7–700 ng/g lipid. A statistically significant increase rate of total CP concentrations in human milk of 30% over 10 years was found on a global level, with a considerable variation between UN Regional Groups. Homologue group patterns indicated higher shares of MCCP and LCCP in industrialized countries and economically dependent areas. Compared to all other POPs analysed in the samples, the concentration of the sum of SCCP and MCCP was in most cases only surpassed by DDT, except European countries with high shares of PCB. Considering the ubiquitous presence of CP in humans worldwide, further investigation into toxicological effects and human exposure seems more pressing than ever, so that regulatory action may follow.
Time Trends in Human Milk Derived from WHO- and UNEP-Coordinated Exposure Studies, Chapter 1: Polychlorinated Biphenyls, Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins and Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans
Authors: Malisch Rainer , Schächtele Alexander , van Leeuwen F. X. Rolaf , Moy Gerald , Tritscher Angelika , Šebková Kateřina , Klánová Jana , Kalina Jiří 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTemporal trends of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDF) in human milk were assessed by consideration only of countries with repeated participation in WHO/UNEP-coordinated exposure studies performed between 1987 and 2019. In contrast to a general estimation of time trends from all participating countries, this is a more precise approach because levels among countries are often highly variable. Studies on time trends for contaminants in human milk are important components of the effectiveness evaluation of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs). There is no stipulation of a quantitative goal for the rate of reduction/decrease in POPs levels, however, as a quantitative objective for studies, these should have the ability to detect a 50% decrease in the levels of POPs within a 10-year period.For non-dioxin-like PCB (calculated as the sum of six indicator PCB), a decrease of about 50% to 60% over 10 years was achieved in most of the five UN Regional Groups. Considerable decreases in concentrations with reductions of up to 95% over three decades were observed in European countries with high concentrations at the end of the 1980s, compared to slower decreases in less polluted ones. For the toxic equivalents (TEQ) of PCDD/PCDF and the total TEQ of PCDD/PCDF and dioxin-like PCB, a decrease of about 50% over 10 years was found mainly in Western European and some other countries with initially relatively high concentrations. TEQ concentrations of PCDD/PCDF decreased by up to 90% over three decades. Lower decreases observed in many countries have to be seen in the context of the quite low levels in these countries in comparison with other countries.
Time Trends in Human Milk Derived from WHO- and UNEP-Coordinated Exposure Studies, Chapter 3: Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS)
Authors: Malisch Rainer , Fürst Peter , Šebková Kateřina , Sapunova Daria , Kalina Jiří 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTemporal trends of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS) were assessed using 86 pooled human milk samples from 59 countries from all United Nations Regional Groups collected between 2008 and 2019 as part of the WHO/UNEP-coordinated exposure studies. The primary objective of these temporal studies is to provide monitoring data for the effectiveness evaluation of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs). General temporal trends were estimated using data from all participating countries by grouping into three equal four-year periods (2008–2011, 2012–2015, and 2016–2019) reflecting the performance of three rounds of the studies. A more precise approach is the use of data from 24 countries with repeated participation in the WHO/UNEP-coordinated exposure studies, 22 of them in different periods and two in the same period. However, there were no Western European countries with multiple participation, and only two countries from the Asia-Pacific Region with one country submitting two samples in the same period.The country-specific PFOS data showed decreasing tendencies in 19 of the 22 countries with participation in different periods, quite constant levels in two countries and increasing tendencies in one country (from its first participation in 2010 to the second participation in 2015). For the two countries with repeated participation in the same period, it does not seem appropriate to derive country-specific temporal tendencies. An overall decrease of PFOS concentrations over 10 years of 48% and 52%, respectively, was calculated by the Theil–Sen method (1) using all samples and (2) using samples from countries with repeated participation. PFOA concentrations showed decreasing tendencies in 17 countries of the 22 countries with participation in different periods, quite constant levels in two countries and increasing tendencies in three countries (from their first participation between 2009 and 2011 to the second participation in 2015). An overall decrease over 10 years for PFOA concentrations of 42% and 47%, respectively, was calculated by the Theil–Sen method (1) using all samples and (2) using samples from countries with repeated participation. The estimation of general temporal trends for PFHxS was not possible, as in 84% of the samples PFHxS concentrations were below the limit of quantification (5.7 ng/L).
Risk–Benefit Analysis for the Breastfed Infant Based on the WHO- and UNEP Human Milk Surveys for Dioxin-like Compounds
Authors: van den Berg Martin , van Duursen Majorie B. M. , Tritscher Angelika , Malisch Rainer , Peterson Richard E. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDioxin-like compounds (DLC) are still present in human milk and this chapter describes a risk–benefit analysis based on decades of WHO global human milk surveys. At present there is no health-based guidance value (HBGV) available for the breastfed infant. Although formally these HBGVs have been set to protect human health for a lifetime exposure period, much of the underlying experimental data focus on the perinatal and/or childhood period. Therefore, it is justifiable to use these HBGVs for early life and shorter than lifetime exposures, e.g. breastfeeding. With this approach the present HBGVs for DLC were generally exceeded one order of magnitude or more in industrialized countries over the period 2000 to 2019. If HBGVs of 1 or 0.1 pg TEQ/kg/day are used to calculate toxicological acceptable levels for DLC in human milk, it can be estimated that such levels will not be reached before, respectively, 2030 or 2050. When the subtle adverse health effects of DLC in the breastfed infant reported in the 1990s were compared with benefits of breastfeeding for the infant and mother, it is concluded that benefits grossly outweigh the potential adverse health. Therefore, it is concluded that the WHO has rightfully encouraged breastfeeding for the last decades.
WHO- and UNEP-Coordinated Exposure Studies 2000–2019: Findings of Polybrominated Substances (PBDE, HBCDD, PBB 153, PBDD/PBDF)
Authors: Schächtele Alexander , Malisch Rainer , Hardebusch Björn , van Leeuwen F. X. Rolaf , Moy Gerald , Tritscher Angelika , van Duursen Majorie , van den Berg Martin , Šebková Kateřina , Klánová Jana , Kalina Jiří 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe concentrations of a number of polybrominated substances were determined in pooled human milk samples collected from up to 80 countries from all the United Nations Regional Groups. The samples were taken from one or more of the five exposure studies on persistent organic pollutants coordinated by the World Health Organization and the United Nations Environment Programme between 2000 and 2019.Large differences in levels were found for polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE). The concentration of the sum of 6 PBDE congeners (∑PBDE6: BDE-47, BDE-99, BDE-100, BDE-153, BDE-154, BDE-183) of 135 pooled samples from 80 countries was in the range between 0.3 and 352 ng/g lipid (median 1.6 ng/g lipid). The highest concentrations were detected in the Western European and Others Group (including Australia, Israel, New Zealand, and the USA) in 2003. Time trends were assessed for 36 countries with repeated participation. Rates of decrease tend to fluctuate at near background levels; but at higher levels, a decreasing trend was observed for nearly all countries. Deca-BDE (BDE-209) contributed on average about 13% to ∑PBDE7(sum of ∑PBDE6plus BDE-209). The contribution of the octa-brominated diphenyl ether (octa-BDE) BDE-197 and nona-BDEs-206, -207, and -208 to the sum of 25 PBDE was in the range of the six recommended analytes and BDE-209. Therefore, their addition to the list of recommended analytes should be considered.The α-HBCDD levels of 102 pooled samples from 72 countries collected between 2006 and 2019 ranged between <0.1 and 15 ng/g lipid (median: 0.5 ng/g lipid). β-HBCDD and γ-HBCDD were in nearly all samples below the limit of quantification (LOQ for 90% of the samples: <0.1 ng/g lipid) or around the LOQ (max: 0.8 ng/g lipid). Thus, it can be concluded that α-HBCD is the predominant stereoisomer in human milk.Hexabromobiphenyl (PBB 153) was below the limit of quantification (0.5 ng/g lipid) in 106 of 110 pooled samples from 69 countries. In four samples, low concentrations of between 1.0 and 1.7 ng/g lipid were found.In addition to these chemicals listed by the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants, in 38 pooled samples from 28 countries concentrations of polybrominated dibenzodioxins and -furans (PBDD/PBDF) were determined to assess their contribution to the overall sum of WHO2005toxic equivalents (TEQ) with polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDF). PBDD and PBDF provided on average about 10% to the overall TEQ calculated as sum of WHO-PCDD/PCDF-TEQ and WHO-PBDD/PBDF-TEQ, when assuming the same toxic equivalency factors for brominated congeners as assigned to their chlorinated analogs. No correlations between PCDD/PCDF and PBDD/PBDF, or PBDD/PBDF and PBDE were found.
Children and the Interpretation of the Gugon Tuhon: The Age Factor
Authors: Erviana Ida , Widhyasmaramurti  , Puspitorini Dwi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractGugon tuhon is a speech used by Javanese parents to give advice and teach good behaviors to their children. This paper deals with the children’s age factor which influences on their comprehension of gugon tuhons concerning eating etiquette. The data were collected through a questionnaire on children’s comprehension, belief, and obedience to gugon tuhons, which targeted children of 1st graders (7–8 years old), 3rd graders (9–10 years old), and 5th graders (11–12 years old) in Kediri city, East Java. Using a qualitative method, the data were analyzed and described based on Austin and Searle’s speech act theory. The results show that in today’s modern era, gugon tuhons concerning eating etiquette are still used as a means for character building in Javanese families, so as for parents to introduce social and cultural norms of eating etiquette to their children. It is found that there are different understandings of this kind of speech. Children’s different understanding of gugon tuhons provides an insight into the language phenomenon in modern society, particularly as to how children’s age influences their illocutionary speech acts in comprehending gugon tuhons.
Superstructure and Cohesion in the Narratives of Jakarta Sign Language Signers
Authors: Putri Innova Safitri Suprapto , Yuwono Untung 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis chapter deals with the narrative structure and connecting elements of narrative discourse in Jakarta Sign Language (JakSL). Two research questions are discussed in this paper: (1) what is the narrative structure of fairy tales proposed in the JakSL? and (2) what are elements in the JakSL that create the narrative cohesion in the narratives of the Deaf? The first question pertains to the narrative structure of sign language, while the second question relates to cohesion in sign language. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. The data are taken from the transcription of two narrative signing videos about a fable—The Hare and The Tortoise—narrated by two JakSL signers. The results of this research show the story order delivered by two informants of JakSL speakers which corresponds to the order of narrative structure as proposed by Labov and Waletzky (Essays on the verbal and visual arts: proceedings of the American Ethnological Society. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., 1967) In this study, the structure is formed both by manual movements and nonmanual movements. Two types of grammatical cohesion, namely reference and ellipsis, are found. Meanwhile, in lexical cohesion, repetition and collocation are found.
Discourse on Adlibs Radio Advertisements: Structure and Cooperative Principles
Authors: Andiani Puspita , Suhardijanto Totok 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis chapter aims at explaining structures and violations of the cooperative principle in adlibs to understand its function in a radio advertisement. This adlib is a new method in radio advertisement in which radio broadcasters read and perform the advertising. Data are collected from the morning program of Gen FM radio. This research applies qualitative method in order to provide descriptive data in the form of written and oral words from observed or targeted individuals. There are two key findings in this study. First, the most often of adlibs structures is an advertisement structure without opening or greeting. It means that the radio broadcasters started adlibs without prior notification. Second, the most violated principle is Grice's maxim of relevance. The radio broadcasters deliberately contravene the maxim of relevance that radio listeners do not think they are listening to an advertisement. Therefore, a radio broadcaster must have skill to deliver adlibs as natural as possible. This research shows the current conditions of radio advertisement from the perspective of linguistics. The success of adlibs radio advertisements relies heavily on the ability in manipulation discursive and pragmatic aspects of language and communication.
Just Like Conversation?: Speech and Thought Presentation in Indonesian Adolescent Fiction
Authors: Djenar Dwi Noverini 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis chapter examines a remark by an observer of Indonesian adolescent literature that the language in Indonesian Teenlit novels resembles “spoken language,” implying that it is conversational in style. Drawing on approaches to speech and thought presentation initially applied to the study of English language texts, the chapter shows that direct speech and free direct speech are the main techniques employed by Indonesian authors to represent the speech and thought of adolescent characters. It is argued that the observer’s remark is not an indication that the language in Teenlit is indeed like conversational language. Rather, it represents an intuitive judgment that attests to the authors’ effective use of the techniques.
Preferential expression of SCN1A in GABAergic neurons improves survival and epileptic phenotype in a mouse model of Dravet syndrome
Authors: Ricobaraza Ana , Bunuales Maria , Gonzalez-Aparicio Manuela , Fadila Saja , Rubinstein Moran , Vides-Urrestarazu Irene , Banderas Julliana , Sola-Sevilla Noemi , Sanchez-Carpintero Rocio , Lanciego Jose Luis , Roda Elvira , Honrubia Adriana , Arnaiz Patricia , Hernandez-Alcoceba Ruben 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The SCN1A gene encodes the alpha subunit of a voltage-gated sodium channel (Nav1.1), which is essential for the function of inhibitory neurons in the brain. Mutations in this gene cause severe encephalopathies such as Dravet syndrome (DS). Upregulation of SCN1A expression by different approaches has demonstrated promising therapeutic effects in preclinical models of DS. Limiting the effect to inhibitory neurons may contribute to the restoration of brain homeostasis, increasing the safety and efficacy of the treatment. In this work, we have evaluated different approaches to obtain preferential expression of the full SCN1A cDNA (6 Kb) in GABAergic neurons, using high-capacity adenoviral vectors (HC-AdV). In order to favour infection of these cells, we considered ErbB4 as a surface target. Incorporation of the EGF-like domain from neuregulin 1 alpha (NRG1α) in the fiber of adenovirus capsid allowed preferential infection in cells lines expressing ErbB4. However, it had no impact on the infectivity of the vector in primary cultures or in vivo. For transcriptional control of transgene expression, we developed a regulatory sequence (DP3V) based on the Distal-less homolog enhancer (Dlx), the vesicular GABA transporter (VGAT) promoter, and a portion of the SCN1A gene. The hybrid DP3V promoter allowed preferential expression of transgenes in GABAergic neurons both in vitro and in vivo. A new HC-AdV expressing SCN1A under the control of this promoter showed improved survival and amelioration of the epileptic phenotype in a DS mouse model. These results increase the repertoire of gene therapy vectors for the treatment of DS and indicate a new avenue for the refinement of gene supplementation in this disease.

Key messages

Adenoviral vectors can deliver the SCN1A cDNA and are amenable for targeting.

An adenoviral vector displaying an ErbB4 ligand in the capsid does not target GABAergic neurons.

A hybrid promoter allows preferential expression of transgenes in GABAergic neurons.

Preferential expression of SCN1A in GABAergic cells is therapeutic in a Dravet syndrome model.
Distribution of coronal plane alignment of the knee classification does not change as knee osteoarthritis progresses: a longitudinal study from the Toei study
Authors: Nomoto Kazuki , Hanada Mitsuru , Hotta Kensuke , Matsuyama Yukihiro 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to investigate the coronal plane alignment of the knee (CPAK) phenotypes of individuals with knee osteoarthritis (OA) progression. We hypothesized that distributions of CPAK phenotypes would be similar throughout OA progression, despite arithmetic hip–knee–ankle angle (aHKA) and joint line obliquity (JLO) changing.MethodsA total of 248 patients (79 men and 169 women) participated in the first study in 2012 and the fifth study in 2020. Patients with progression of knee OA for eight years were included. Knee OA progression was defined as advancement from KL grade 0–2 to KL grade 3 or 4. Alignment parameters, including the aHKA, JLO, hip–knee–ankle angle (HKA), lateral distal femur angle (LDFA), medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA), and joint line convergence angle (JLCA), were measured. Changes in distribution of CPAK classifications and alignment parameters were investigated. Alignment parameters were compared using a paired t‐test. Statistical significance was defined as p < 0.05.ResultsThe study included 48 patients (60 knees). The distributions of all CPAK phenotypes were similar between 2012 and 2020. MPTA (83.7° ± 2.8° vs. 82.3° ± 4.8°, p < 0.01), aHKA (− 3.6° ± 3.8° vs. − 4.9° ± 6.2°, p = 0.01), and JLO (171.1° ± 4.6° vs. 169.5° ± 5.1°, p < 0.01) decreased significantly, and JLCA (1.17° ± 2.2° vs. 3.1° ± 4.7°, p < 0.01) and HKA (4.8° ± 3.9° vs. 8.0° ± 5.4°, p < 0.01) increased significantly. In contrast, LDFA (87.4° ± 3.2° vs. 87.2° ± 3.1°, p = n.s.) did not change significantly.ConclusionsThe CPAK classification system can predict constitutional alignment, even with knee OA progression, and enables surgeons to perform individualized preoperative alignment planning according to knee phenotypes.