bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Innovation Spaces towards the Youth's Engagement in Entrepreneurship; A Case of Innovation Spaces in the Iringa Region
Authors: Augustino Augustino Festus , Kisawike Blandina , Ng’elenge Haji 
Published: November 2023

Aims: This research carefully assessed the role of innovation spaces towards the youth's engagement in entrepreneurship, with independent variables; entrepreneurship training, funding, co-working space, and entrepreneurship competition.
Study Design: The design of this study is a convergent parallel design.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at the Kiota hub, Tatua hub, and Rlabs in the Iringa region, between November 2022 and September 2023.
Methodology: Data, both quantitative and qualitative, were collected from 90 respondents (87 youth entrepreneurs, 3 hub managers), utilizing closed-ended questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. Quantitative data underwent descriptive and inferential analyses whereas qualitative data were analyzed thematically.
Results: All 90 respondents participated successfully, hence a response rate of 100%. The correlation coefficient and P-values for the role of entrepreneurship training, funding, co-working space and entrepreneurship competition are (.703, P=.000), (.738, P=.000), (.511, P=.000) and (.698, P=.000) respectively, confirming their statistical significances towards the engagement of the youth in entrepreneurship. Also, thematic analysis results indicate that entrepreneurship training transforms mindsets and equips youths with entrepreneurial skills, funding is crucial for covering the startup costs, co-working spaces foster a co-creation culture and networking, and entrepreneurship competitions are natural motivators towards the youth's engagement in entrepreneurship.
Conclusion: Entrepreneurship training, funding, co-working space, and entrepreneurship competition play significant roles towards the youth's engagement in entrepreneurship. The findings of this research offer valuable insights for innovation spaces to work on the factors that truly contribute towards youths’ entrepreneurship engagement; educational institutions to design learning models that inspire the application of knowledge and establish innovation spaces to promote youth entrepreneurship; and the government to review policies that hinder the engagement of the youth in entrepreneurship.
Medicinal Plant-Derived Copper Nanoparticles Effectively Manage Early Blight Disease in Tomato: An In vitro Study
Authors: Shukla Anju , Mishra Mihira Kumara , Dwibedi Sanat Kumar , Bal Madhusmita 
Published: November 2023

Aims: Early blight of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) incited by Alternaria solani is an economically important disease. This paper analyses the efficacy of copper nanoparticles (Cu-NPs) as an alternative to its existing management practices that predominantly rely on toxic fungicides which are potentially harmful to humans and the environment.
Study Design: The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized block design with 7 treatments viz. T1:Cu-NPs from tulsi leaves, T2:Cu-NPs from neem leaves, T3:Cu-NPs from bael leaves, T4: Cu-NPs from chemical A (prepared from 0.2 M of Cu(NO3)2.3H2O + 0.2 M Ascorbic acid), T5: Cu-NPs from chemical B (0.2 M Cu(NO3)2.3H2O + 0.2 M CuCl2 + 0.4 N NH4OH), T6: Carbendazim 50 WP as check and T7: Control. Each treatment was tested at two levels of in vitro concentrations (i.e. 300 and 500 ppm) and the treatments were replicated thrice.
Place and Duration of Study: Considering the importance of the disease and for developing an effective management strategy, the present study was carried out in the Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar during 2020-21.
Methodology: Stable Cu-NPs were synthesized through three green synthesis methods by using bael (Agel marmelos L.), tulsi (Ocimum sanctum L.), and neem (Azadirachta indica L.) leaves and two chemical synthesis methods (i.e. chemical A and B).
Results: The size (diameter) of the Cu-NPs from Agel marmelos, Ocimum sanctum, and Azadirachta indica were 427.4, 1,019, and 246.5 nm, and that from the aqueous solution reduction method and precipitation method were 1,537 and 867.8 nm, respectively. The synthesized Cu-NPs were evaluated against Alternaria solani at 300 and 500 ppm while Carbendazim 50 WP served as the standard check. The Azadirachta indica leaf-derived Cu-NPs at 300 and 500 ppm in the in vitro potato dextrose ager (PDA) medium exhibited the maximum mycelial growth inhibition of 60.24% and 75.9%, respectively. The size of Cu-NPs showed an inverse relation with the antifungal efficacy that indicated greater cellular penetration of smaller nanoparticles whereas much lower inhibition of mycelial growth in Carbendazim 50 WP as a check showed the lowest growth inhibition of 39.75% (300 ppm) and 59.03% (500 ppm).
Conclusion: The results thus indicated higher efficacy of nanoformulations at lower concentrations that can be effectively used for the development of new nano-based plant protection agents against the early blight of tomatoes.
Effect of Organic Manures and Natural Farming on Soil Properties and Nutrient Uptake by Carrot
Authors: Kumar Sumit , Panghal Vijay Pal Singh , Narender  , Kumar Shiv 
Published: November 2023

The present investigation carried out at the Research Farm Area of Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Center of Excellence for Organic Farming, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during Rabi season 2022-23 with the objectives to evaluate the effect of organic manures and natural farming on growth, yield and quality of carrot as well as on microbial count and nutrient uptake and economics of carrot. The experiment consisting of 8 treatments i.e., T1- RDN through Farm Yard Manure (FYM), T2- RDN through Vermicompost (VC), T3- RDN through Poultry Manure (PM), T4- RDN through FYM + Biofertilizers, T5- RDN through Vermicompost + Biofertilizerss, T6- RDN through Poultry Manure + Biofertilizers (Azatobecter + PSB), T7- Cow based bio-formulations and T8- Control was laid out in randomized block design with three replications. Total sugar, reducing sugar, non-reducing sugar %, TSS and N content and its uptake in root and shoot was also recorded the highest in treatment T5 whereas, P, K contents and their uptake in root and shoot were recorded highest in treatment T4. Soil organic carbon (0.69 %), available N (165.5 kg ha⁻¹), P (16.82 kg ha⁻¹), K (369.60 kg ha⁻¹) were observed maximum in treatment T5 and remained at par with the treatments receiving organic manures conjointly with biofertilizers. Microbial population of soil was recorded the maximum in treatment T5 (6.94 × 10⁶ cfu count g⁻¹ of soil) which was at par to treatments T1, T2, T4 and T7 but significantly higher over the control (6.52 × 10⁶ cfu count g⁻¹ of soil).
Burkholderia pseudomallei Isolate from Soil Adhering to Underground Pipeline Repair pit of a Delhi Market Highlights Importance of Improvising Policies Addressing Environmental Pathogens
Authors: Kannan Sriram , Earny Venkat Abhiram , Chowdhury Soumi , Sisodia Kavita , Kunwar Shweta , Ashiq Mohammed , Asha  , Raghunath Aswathy , Rakshitha  , Manish  , Anusha  , Shabnaz Khazi , Kumar Rohit , Rynga Dabet , Saksena Rushika , Vandana K. E.  , Mukhopadhyay Chiranjay , Kaur Harpreet 
Published: November 2023

Background: Burkholderia pseudomallei is a Gram –negative bacteria that can cause the fatal disease of Melioidosis with mortality ranging from 21-40% in different countries. Further, Burkholderia pseudomallei is a highly resilient environmental pathogen and can live as a free-living bacterium in soil, water and a parasite within amoeba, fungi, and animal cells. It is known to have developed adaptation to stressful environmental factors like salinity, iron levels, and oxidation. Widely this pathogen is associated with agricultural activities, construction activities and hence farmers, laborers being the important target groups. The other risk factor for this disease includes Diabetes mellitus and India having increasing incidence of diabetes cases is a matter of concern as for the prevalence of melioidosis. Since certain states and places in India have higher incidence of diabetes like Delhi, it is quite possible to have higher incidence of Melioidosis in these places.
Approach: Environmental Screening of urban village that has a convergence of vegetable market and urban households.
Results: In this report, we demonstrate the presence of Burkholderia pseudomallei in a 3-4 feet deep pipeline repair pit with a rusted iron pipeline in a busy market area in Kotla, South Delhi.
Conclusion: Burkholderia pseudomallei being an environmental pathogen, it becomes essential to focus on policies that govern environmental pollution. Thus, the construction and demolition (C&D) policies that govern the dismantling of underground repair pipelines, especially in crowded areas, needed to be followed as it is not only dust that pollutes but also human pathogens.
Effect of Dietary Sodium on Blood Pressure
Authors: Gupta Deepak K. , Lewis Cora E. , Varady Krista A. , Su Yan Ru , Madhur Meena S. , Lackland Daniel T. , Reis Jared P. , Wang Thomas J. , Lloyd-Jones Donald M. , Allen Norrina B. 
Published: November 2023

ImportanceDietary sodium recommendations are debated partly due to variable blood pressure (BP) response to sodium intake. Furthermore, the BP effect of dietary sodium among individuals taking antihypertensive medications is understudied.ObjectivesTo examine the distribution of within-individual BP response to dietary sodium, the difference in BP between individuals allocated to consume a high- or low-sodium diet first, and whether these varied according to baseline BP and antihypertensive medication use.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsProspectively allocated diet order with crossover in community-based participants enrolled between April 2021 and February 2023 in 2 US cities. A total of 213 individuals aged 50 to 75 years, including those with normotension (25%), controlled hypertension (20%), uncontrolled hypertension (31%), and untreated hypertension (25%), attended a baseline visit while consuming their usual diet, then completed 1-week high- and low-sodium diets.InterventionHigh-sodium (approximately 2200 mg sodium added daily to usual diet) and low-sodium (approximately 500 mg daily total) diets.Main Outcomes and MeasuresAverage 24-hour ambulatory systolic and diastolic BP, mean arterial pressure, and pulse pressure.ResultsAmong the 213 participants who completed both high- and low-sodium diet visits, the median age was 61 years, 65% were female and 64% were Black. While consuming usual, high-sodium, and low-sodium diets, participants’ median systolic BP measures were 125, 126, and 119 mm Hg, respectively. The median within-individual change in mean arterial pressure between high- and low-sodium diets was 4 mm Hg (IQR, 0-8 mm Hg; P &amp;lt; .001), which did not significantly differ by hypertension status. Compared with the high-sodium diet, the low-sodium diet induced a decline in mean arterial pressure in 73.4% of individuals. The commonly used threshold of a 5 mm Hg or greater decline in mean arterial pressure between a high-sodium and a low-sodium diet classified 46% of individuals as “salt sensitive.” At the end of the first dietary intervention week, the mean systolic BP difference between individuals allocated to a high-sodium vs a low-sodium diet was 8 mm Hg (95% CI, 4-11 mm Hg; P &amp;lt; .001), which was mostly similar across subgroups of age, sex, race, hypertension, baseline BP, diabetes, and body mass index. Adverse events were mild, reported by 9.9% and 8.0% of individuals while consuming the high- and low-sodium diets, respectively.Conclusions and RelevanceDietary sodium reduction significantly lowered BP in the majority of middle-aged to elderly adults. The decline in BP from a high- to low-sodium diet was independent of hypertension status and antihypertensive medication use, was generally consistent across subgroups, and did not result in excess adverse events.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04258332
Functions of episodic future thinking: A validation and comparative study across individuals with normal versus pathological worry
Authors: Akbari Mehdi , Jamshidi Shiva , Seydavi Mohammad , Hallford David J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFuture thinking is the ability to mentally simulate future scenarios, events, or circumstances that one might be personally involved in. The present study sought to evaluate the Persian version of the Functions of Future Thinking Scale (FoFTS) in a large sample of the Iranian general population and to compare individuals with normal versus pathological worry. The Persian FoFTS had an acceptable 10‐factor structure and the reliability index of all factors was within an acceptable range. The validity was explored in terms of temporal distance of future thinking, past (positive and negative) thinking, self‐efficacy, affect (positive and negative), and mindset (pessimism and optimism). Individuals with pathological worry scored significantly higher on seven functions of future thinking (boredom reduction, death preparation, negative regulation, social bonding, planning, problem‐solving, and decision‐making) compared to individuals with normal worry, and they did not differ on three functions of future thinking (identity contrast, goal setting, and positive regulation).
Interpreting eyewitness confidence: Numeric, verbal, and graded verbal scales
Authors: Greenspan Rachel Leigh , Loftus Elizabeth F. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn empirical research, eyewitnesses typically report their confidence numerically (e.g., “I'm 90% sure”). In contrast, in the field, lineup administrators typically ask witnesses to explain their confidence verbally, in the witness' own words (e.g., “I'm quite sure”). Across three studies, we explored how evaluators assess verbal confidence statements: both freely reported and reported using a graded verbal scale. Results showed wide variability in the interpretation of both kinds of confidence statements. Even when evaluating seemingly very strong statements of verbal confidence (e.g., “completely certain”) participants did not necessarily translate these statements into the strongest levels of numeric confidence. Variability in the interpretation of verbal confidence was particularly pronounced for low confidence statements. Moreover, participants preferred to report their confidence numerically rather than verbally. These results indicate the importance of documenting confidence verbatim at the time of the lineup so that the meaning of the witness' original confidence statement is preserved.
Wireless Electric Cues Mediate Autologous DPSC‐Loaded Conductive Hydrogel Microspheres to Engineer the Immuno‐Angiogenic Niche for Homologous Maxillofacial Bone Regeneration
Authors: Sun Jiwei , Xu Chao , Wo Keqi , Wang Yifan , Zhang Junyuan , Lei Haoqi , Wang Xiaohan , Shi Yunsong , Fan Wenjie , Zhao Baoying , Wang Jinyu , Su Bin , Yang Cheng , Luo Zhiqiang , Chen Lili 
Published: November 2023

AbstractStem cell therapy serves as an effective treatment for bone regeneration. Nevertheless, stem cells from bone marrow and peripheral blood are still lacking homologous properties. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are derived from neural crest, in coincidence with maxillofacial tissues, thus attracting great interest in in situ maxillofacial regenerative medicine. However, insufficient number and heterogenous alteration of seed cells retard further exploration of DPSC‐based tissue engineering. Electric stimulation has recently attracted great interest in tissue regeneration. In this study, a novel DPSC‐loaded conductive hydrogel microspheres integrated with wireless electric generator is fabricated. Application of exogenous electric cues can promote stemness maintaining and heterogeneity suppression for unpredictable differentiation of encapsulated DPSCs. Further investigations observe that electric signal fine‐tunes regenerative niche by improvement on DPSC‐mediated paracrine pattern, evidenced by enhanced angiogenic behavior and upregulated anti‐inflammatory macrophage polarization. By wireless electric stimulation on implanted conductive hydrogel microspheres, loaded DPSCs facilitates the construction of immuno‐angiogenic niche at early stage of tissue repair, and further contributes to advanced autologous mandibular bone defect regeneration. This novel strategy of DPSC‐based tissue engineering exhibits promising translational and therapeutic potential for autologous maxillofacial tissue regeneration.
High‐Confidentiality X‐Ray Imaging Encryption Using Prolonged Imperceptible Radioluminescence Memory Scintillators
Authors: Yang Zhijian , Zhang Peng , Chen Xiaofeng , Hong Zhongzhu , Gong Jianwei , Ou Xiangyu , Wu Qinxia , Li Weihong , Wang Xiaoze , Xie Lili , Zhang Zhenzhen , Yu Zhiyang , Qin Xian , Tang Jiang , Zhang Hongjie , Chen Qiushui , Han Sanyang , Yang Huanghao 
Published: November 2023

AbstractX‐ray imaging plays an increasingly crucial role in clinical radiography, industrial inspection, and military applications. However, current X‐ray imaging technologies have difficulty in protecting against information leakage caused by brute force attacks via trial‐and‐error. Here high‐confidentiality X‐ray imaging encryption by fabricating ultralong radioluminescence memory films composed of lanthanide‐activated nanoscintillators (NaLuF4: Gd3+ or Ce3+) with imperceptible purely‐ultraviolet (UV) emission is reported. Mechanistic investigations unveil that ultralong X‐ray memory is attributed to the long‐lived trapping of thermalized charge carriers within Frenkel defect states and subsequent slow release in the form of imperceptible radioluminescence. The encrypted X‐ray imaging can be securely stored in the memory film for more than 7 days and optically decoded by perovskite nanocrystal. Importantly, this encryption strategy can protect X‐ray imaging information against brute force trial‐and‐error attacks through the perception of lifetime change in the persistent radioluminescence. It is further demonstrated that the as‐fabricated flexible memory film enables achieving of 3D X‐ray imaging encryption of curved objects with a high spatial resolution of 20 lp/mm and excellent recyclability. This study provides valuable insights into the fundamental understanding of X‐ray‐to‐UV conversion in nanocrystal lattices and opens up a new avenue toward the development of high‐confidential 3D X‐ray imaging encryption technologies.
Nanoscopic Force Sensitivity of Polydiacetylene 2D Layered Composites with Guest Molecules
Authors: Das Bratati , Shioda Nano , Yagi Shunsuke , Oaki Yuya , Sugihara Kaori 
Published: November 2023

Abstract2D polydiacetylene (PDA) layered composites with added guest molecules have demonstrated an excellent tunable mechanochromic properties toward the development of mechanochromic force sensors in energy‐related and medical applications. However, its force sensitivity at the nanoscale is left uncharacterized due to a lack of technique to conveniently apply forces to the 2D films in different directions, limiting the quantitative understanding of the sensitivity‐tuning mechanism. In this work, the quantitative friction force microscopy combined with fluorescence microscopy is introduced to measure the force sensitivity of the PDA layered composites with guest organic amines at the nanoscale. Intercalating nonylamine and 1‐aminodecane increase the sensitivity of 10,12‐pentacosadiynoic acid by 127% and 111%, respectively, whereas adding n‐tridecaylamine and stearylamine reduce it by 77% and 86%. This force sensitivity at the nanoscale is inversely correlated to the thermochromic temperature and the Young's moduli of the films, suggesting that the softer film has both higher force‐ and thermo‐sensitivity.
The Impact of Ligand Removal on the Optoelectronic Properties of Inorganic and Hybrid Lead Halide Perovskite Nanocrystal Films
Authors: Papagiorgis Paris , Sergides Marios , Manoli Andreas , Athanasiou Modestos , Bernasconi Caterina , Galatopoulos Fedros , Ioakeimidis Apostolos , Nicolaides Constantinos , Leontidis Epameinondas , Trypiniotis Theodossis , Choulis Stelios , Bodnarchuk Maryna I. , Kovalenko Maksym V. , Othonos Andreas , Itskos Grigorios 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLigand exchange performed during or after the colloidal synthesis of nanocrystals (NCs) provides an efficient way to produce conductive NC solids for optoelectronics. Herein, a post‐synthetic ligand washing process is developed and applied to two different combinations of ligands and perovskite NCs, namely robust green CsPbBr3 NCs capped by didodecyldimethylammonium bromide and near‐infrared FAPbI3 NCs decorated by weakly bound oleic acid ligands. The impact of such processes on the morphological and optoelectronic NC properties is examined while exploring parameters such as the reaction time and the influence of oxygen and humidity. For the FAPbI3 NCs, ligand washing results in extended NC aggregation and substantial photoluminescence loss, with the treatment becoming more aggressive for air‐exposed films. For the CsPbBr3 NCs, the process is insensitive to the environmental conditions and results in partial ligand shell loss and NC close packing rather than bulk‐like aggregation while affecting less the optical properties. Upon ligand removal, the photoconductance increases by up to ≈90% and ≈60% for FAPbI3 NCs and CsPbBr3 NCs, respectively. THz spectroscopy produces qualitatively similar trends of the conductivity with ligand removal time, with THz mobility values as high as 30 and 6 V−1s−1cm2 for glove box prepared FAPbI3 and CsPbBr3 NCs, respectively.
Ultrafast Multistage Lattice Strain via Laser‐Excited Phonons in Lithium Niobate
Authors: Wu Bo , Yang Qing , Zhang Bin , Wang Lei , Ren Yingying , Meng Sheng , Chen Feng 
Published: November 2023

AbstractUltrafast laser‐excitation of lithium niobate (LiNbO3) crystal has triggered numerous photonic applications through the structural transitions in LiNbO3. However, the explanations for ultrafast laser‐induced modification of LiNbO3 have remained phenomenological, lacking a convincing in‐depth understanding of the fundamental laser‐lattice interaction process. Based on ab initio simulations, it is demonstrated that photoexcited anharmonic phonons play a significant role in influencing the lattice structure of LiNbO3. Harnessing the real‐time time‐dependent density functional theory, it is revealed that the excitation of TO4 phonons via electric‐phonon coupling triggers displacement‐induced lattice oscillations during multiphoton ionization. These oscillations give rise to multistage structural strains, resulting in alterations of the refractive index. Significantly, these modifications exhibit sensitivity to the incident laser energy. Experimentally, using the waveguide technique and micro‐Raman spectroscopy, the correlation between local refractive index, lattice volume density, and phonon vibrational modes has been established, exhibiting good consistency with theoretical predictions. This work provides an effective means to understand the ultrafast excitation of phonons and relaxation processes of the lattice in dielectric crystals.
Visible Light‐Mediated, Acid‐Catalyzed, C−N Cross Dehydrogenative Coupling of Quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones with Carbazoles and Amides: Access to Fluorescent Probes Featuring Aggregate Induced Emission
Authors: Dixit Vikas , Pooja  , Jain Nidhi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe demonstrate a photocatalyst and transition metal catalyst free photo‐activation of quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones in visible light in the presence of an acid catalyst. The photoactivated quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐one species transfers its energy to oxygen which promotes C−N cross dehydrogenative coupling with nucleophilic partners such as carbazoles, azoles and amides giving the products in 42–75% yields. Preliminary studies reveal quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐one‐carbazole adducts to display fluorescent properties including Intramolecular Charge Transfer (ICT) and Aggregate Induced Emission (AIE).