bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving the coloration depth and fastness of poly(ethylene‐vinyl acetate) foam dyed with disperse dye by carrier dyeing and film formation
Authors: Yao Dongxia , Lu Shaofeng , Huang Zhenheng , Wang Haizhu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn order to solve the problems of poor dyeing properties and the colour fastness to ageing of poly(ethylene‐vinyl acetate) (EVA) foam, good dyeing performance was obtained by disperse dye carrier dyeing method, and the colour fastness to ageing was improved by surface film forming. The effect of dyeing process on dyeing properties was investigated by the single factor variable method. The effect of film formation on colour fastness to ageing was also studied. The results showed that disperse dye carrier dyeing could significantly improve the dyeing depth of EVA foam. Addition of carrier and prolongation of dyeing time could significantly improve the colour strength (K/S) values and dye penetration. However, the increase of the dosage of dyes and the concentration of the carrier could lead to a serious decrease of the colour fastness to ageing of EVA. The colour fastness to ageing of EVA could be obviously improved by film forming on the surface. Waterborne polyurethane film‐forming agent could improve the colour fastness to ageing by 1.5 grades, but the rubbing fastness was poor. When waterborne polyurethane and acrylate film‐forming agent were compounded, the colour fastness to ageing and the colour fastness to rubbing could be improved.
When unlocking rivers results in building more infrastructure: A group mental model shares lessons from weir remediation in the United Kingdom
Authors: Januchowski‐Hartley Stephanie R. , Thomas Merryn , Bristol Rochelle , Mills Morena 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe last several decades have seen a rise in efforts to remove weirs, but there is little research investigating how projects are carried out, potential areas for improvement, or sharing of lessons to facilitate reconnection of more rivers. The aim of the study presented here was to explore how people involved in weir remediation perceive project processes, factors that facilitate or hinder action implementation, and possible ways processes could be improved to reconnect more rivers. We carried out semi‐structured interviews with people (n = 11) who had been actively involved in weir remediation processes in the Severn River Catchment, United Kingdom, and used their responses to create a group mental model. The group mental model was created to support learning and communication about weir remediation projects between individuals and groups. We found broad agreement from those involved in creating the group mental model about weir remediation project processes and potential areas for improvement. One of the only points of divergence within the group mental model was associated with the impact of different weir remediation actions, particularly weir removal. Based on the group mental model, we set out three calls to action to reconnect more rivers in the UK. First, move beyond opportunistic projects and establish national goals and catchment‐scale plans for weir remediation. Second, reform fish passage legislation and legislate weir ownership. Doing so would support more effective remediation solutions by recognizing the diversity of fish species that reside in UK rivers and help mitigate risks from hazardous weirs through owner accountability. Third, build cross‐sector and public partnerships to encourage removal or improved fish pass designs. We direct the three calls to action to policy makers and anyone already engaged in or envisioning weir remediation projects in the UK. The calls also have potential implications and relevance to people in other countries in Europe and beyond.
Approaches and challenges to assessing risk of violence in first episode psychosis: A qualitative interview study of clinicians, patients and carers
Authors: Whiting Daniel , Glogowska Margaret , Fazel Seena , Lennox Belinda 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimClinical services for early psychosis seek to improve prognosis for a range of adverse outcomes. For some individuals, perpetration of violence is an important potential outcome to reduce. How these clinical services currently assess this risk however is uncertain. This study aimed to address this gap by using qualitative methods to examine in depth current approaches, attitudes and challenges to assessing violence risk in this clinical setting, from the perspectives of multidisciplinary clinicians, patients and carers.MethodsParticipants were recruited from two UK Early Intervention in Psychosis services. Semi‐structured individual interviews were undertaken using a topic guide. In addition, clinical vignettes were presented to clinician participants as a probe to prompt discussion. Data were analysed using thematic analysis, informed by the constant comparative method.ResultsWe conducted 30 qualitative interviews, of 18 clinicians and 12 patients and carers. Themes developed from clinician interviews included key difficulties of low confidence, limited training, accessing collateral information and variation in how risk is appraised and communicated. Potential stigma and sensitivity of the topic of violence were perceived as barriers to its discussion. Patient and carer perspectives provided insight into how to address barriers, and highlighted the importance of an open approach, including with families.ConclusionsWe recommend developing contextually appropriate pathways to collaboratively assess violence risk and identify modifiable needs to reduce this risk, and for practical improvements in training and information‐sharing.
Evaluation of sensory modalities involved in finding food and foraging behaviour in light/dark conditions in tadpoles of the invasive species Lithobates catesbeianus
Authors: Coceres Araceli Rita , Pozzi Andrea Gabriela , Oliveras Agustín Nahuel , Jungblut Lucas David 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe ability of anuran larvae to efficiently locate food is essential for their growth and development, but little is known about the sensory modalities they use to find food. We experimentally assessed the role of visual and chemical cues in finding food in tadpoles of the invasive species Lithobates catesbeianus. In the two‐choice experiment, using rectangular containers that offer visual and/or chemical food cues on opposite ends, tadpoles chose the side where the chemical cues of the food were present consistently. The visual cues alone showed an initial transient attraction of tadpoles, which disappeared after a few minutes, suggesting that tadpoles are potentially capable of seeing contrasting objects, at least, at a close range and in clear waters and daylight conditions. We also evaluated the foraging behaviour and the capability of tadpoles to find food in an open field experiment under two different lighting conditions: natural daylight and darkness. Results showed that tadpoles find food faster in dark conditions, confirming that chemical cues alone are sufficient for tadpoles of this species to find food. Moreover, the time spent feeding and the number of tadpoles simultaneously exploiting the food patch were greater in darkness suggesting that environments with low visibility conditions could favour the establishment of L. catesbeianus. Understanding the sensory modalities used by tadpoles of this invasive species to find food could help to understand the potential abilities to expand and establish in novel environments.
Targeting mevalonate pathway by zoledronate ameliorated pulmonary fibrosis in a rat model: Promising therapy against post‐COVID‐19 pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Mohamed Reham Hussein , Abdel hay Nesma Hussein , Fawzy Nesma Mohamed , Tamim Yomna M. , Doaa Karem M. M. , Yehia Dalia Ahmed Yousef , Abdel Maksoud Omnia M. , Abdelrahim Dina S. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundRho kinase (ROCK) pathway plays a critical role in post‐COVID‐19 pulmonary fibrosis (PCPF) and its intervention with angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) will be a potential therapeutic target.ObjectivesThe present study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of zoledronate (ZA) on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced pulmonary fibrosis (PF) in rats through targeting ACE2, ROCK, and VEGF signaling pathways.MethodsFifty male Wistar rats were divided into five groups: control, vehicle‐treated, PF, PF‐ZA 50, and PF‐ZA 100 groups. ZA was given in two different doses 100 and 50 μg/kg/week intraperitoneally. After anesthesia, mean arterial blood pressure (MBP) was measured. After scarification, lung coefficient was calculated. Lung levels of ACE 2, interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β), VEGF, glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured. Expression of ROCK, phosphorylated myosin phosphatase target subunit 1 (P‐MYPT1), and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP‐1), along with histopathological changes and immune‐histochemical staining for lung α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA), tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNFα), and caspase‐3, were evaluated.ResultsZA significantly prevented the decrease in MBP. ZA significantly increased ACE2, GSH, and SOD and significantly decreased IL‐1β, TGF‐β, and VEGF in lung in comparison to PF group. ZA prevented the histopathological changes induced by CCl4. ZA inhibited lung expression of ROCK, P‐MYPT1, MMP‐1, α‐SMA, TNFα, and caspase‐3 with significant differences favoring the high dose intervention.ConclusionZA in a dose‐dependent manner prevented the pathological effect of CCl4 in the lung by targeting mevalonate pathway. It could be promising therapy against PCPF.
Water activity and glass transition effect on the physical properties and bioactive compounds of persimmon peel powder
Authors: Hosseininejad Sepideh , Larrea Virginia , Quiles Amparo , Hernando Isabel , Moraga Gemma 
Published: February 2024

SummaryPersimmon peel is an agro‐industrial by‐product that could be valorised as a potential powdered functional ingredient. However, powdered products exhibit quality and stability problems associated with the water activity and the glass transition. In this work, hot‐air drying was used to produce a persimmon peel powder, which was conditioned at 20 °C at different relative humidity (11.3%–75.5%). The changes in physical properties (water sorption, glass transition, mechanical properties), structure (light microscopy) and bioactive compounds (soluble tannin content, total carotenoid content) were evaluated. By combining the GAB sorption model and the Gordon and Taylor equation, the critical values of water activity (aw = 0.211) and water content (0.029 g water g−1 product), related to the glass transition, were obtained. These values were critical for the production of a free‐flowing powder rich in bioactive compounds and high antioxidant capacity.
Role of airway epithelium in viral respiratory infections: Can carbocysteine prevent or mitigate them?
Authors: Pace Elisabetta , Di Vincenzo Serena , Ferraro Maria , Lanata Luigi , Scaglione Francesco 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAlterations in airway epithelial homeostasis increase viral respiratory infections risk. Viral infections frequently are associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations, events that dramatically promote disease progression. Mechanism promoting the main respiratory viruses entry and virus‐evocated innate and adaptive immune responses have now been elucidated, and an oxidative stress central role in these pathogenic processes has been recognized. Presence of reactive oxygen species in macrophages and other cells allows them to eliminate virus, but its excess alters the balance between innate and adaptive immune responses and proteases/anti‐proteases and leads to uncontrolled inflammation, tissue damage, and hypercoagulability. Different upper and lower airway cell types also play a role in viral entry and infection. Carbocysteine is a muco‐active drug with anti‐oxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties used for the management of several chronic respiratory diseases. Although the use of anti‐oxidants has been proposed as an effective strategy in COPD exacerbations management, the molecular mechanisms that explain carbocysteine efficacy have not yet been fully clarified. The present review describes the most relevant features of the common respiratory virus pathophysiology with a focus on epithelial cells and oxidative stress role and reports data supporting a putative role of carbocysteine in viral respiratory infections.
Optimising wound care for patients with cirrhosis: A study of the effect of combination therapy on wound healing
Authors: Lin Xuehong , Su Jinman , Yang Zhijuan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCirrhosis, a chronic liver disease, significantly impairs wound healing due to complex alterations in physiology, including compromised immune function, poor nutritional status and altered blood flow. This prospective observational cohort study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the multidimensional combination therapy approach in enhancing wound healing among patients diagnosed with cirrhosis. The study was conducted from February to November 2023 in Shanghai, China, including 248 patients with cirrhosis experiencing poor wound healing. The combination therapy consisted of tailored pharmacological treatments, advanced wound dressings, dietitian‐directed dietary regimens and supplementary therapies like negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT), stem cell and hyperbaric oxygen therapy. The interventions were customised based on comprehensive initial assessments of liver function, nutritional status and wound characteristics. Follow‐ups were conducted to monitor response and adjust treatments accordingly. The patient demographic was varied, predominantly 41–60 years old, with the slight male predominance. The study demonstrated that after 3 months of treatment, wound sizes decreased significantly across all cirrhosis severity levels: mild (2.4–1.7 cm2), moderate (4.1–2.6 cm2) and severe (6.2–4.4 cm2). Healing rates improved to 90% in mild, 75% in moderate and 45% in severe cases over 6 months. Albumin levels increased by the average of +0.3 g/dL to +0.4 g/dL post‐treatment across the severity spectrum. However, complication rates escalated with severity: Mild cases had a 10% infection rate, while severe cases had up to 30% infection rate. Combination therapy significantly improved wound healing in cirrhosis patients, with the extent of improvement correlated with the severity of the condition. Tailored, multidisciplinary approaches are critical in managing the intricate wound healing process in cirrhosis, effectively reducing healing times and improving overall treatment outcomes. These findings advocate for personalised care strategies and highlight the potential of integrating various treatment modalities to address the complex needs of this population.
Mothers of transgender youth experience stigma‐by‐association
Authors: Moss‐Racusin Corinne A. , Van der Toorn Jojanneke , Beneke Grace , Olson Kristina R. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe current research investigated whether mothers of transgender youth experience stigma‐by‐association. Mturk participants (N = 489) were randomly assigned to read a vignette about a family in which the social identity (transgender, gay/lesbian, cisgender/heterosexual control) and gender (girl, boy) of a child was manipulated, while all other information was held constant. Results revealed stigma targeting mothers as a function of children's social identity (but not gender), such that mothers of transgender girls and boys were viewed substantially more negatively than identical mothers of cisgender/heterosexual youth. Moreover, this stigma was particularly robust among politically conservative participants. In contrast, mothers of gay/lesbian youth did not encounter systematic stigma, though they were sometimes perceived more negatively than mothers of cisgender/heterosexual youth. Results provide novel experimental evidence of stigma‐by‐association targeting mothers of transgender youth and raise serious concerns about the treatment of parents who seek to affirm their transgender children.
Machine learning identifies esophageal luminal temperature patterns associated with thermal injury in catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation
Authors: Chahine Yaacoub , Afroze Tanzina , Bifulco Savannah F. , Tekmenzhi Demyan V. , Jafarvand Mahbod , Boyle Patrick M. , Akoum Nazem 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntroductionLuminal esophageal temperature (LET) monitoring during atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation is widely used to reduce the incidence of endoscopically detected esophageal lesion (EDEL). We sought to assess whether specific patterns of LET variation are associated with EDEL.MethodsA high‐fidelity multisensor probe was used to record LET in AF patients undergoing radiofrequency ablation (RFA) or cryoballoon ablation (CBA). Explainable machine learning and SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis were used to predict EDEL and assess feature importance.ResultsA total of 94 patients (38.3% persistent AF, 71.3% male, 72 RFA, and 22 CBA) were included. EDEL was detected in 11 patients (10 RFA and one CBA). In the RFA group, the highest LET recorded was similar between patients with and without EDEL (40.6 [40.1–41]°C vs. 40.2 [39.1–40.9]°C; p = .313), however, the rate of LET rise for the highest recorded peak was higher (0.08 [0.03–0.12]°C/s vs. 0.02 [0.01–0.05]°C/s; p = .033), and the area under the curve (AUC) for the highest peak was smaller (412.5 [206.8–634.1] vs. 588.6 [380.4–861.1]; p = .047) in patients who had EDEL. In case of CBA, the patient with EDEL had a faster LET decline (0.12 vs. 0.07 [0.02–0.14]°C/s), and a smaller AUC for the lowest trough (2491.3 vs. 2629.3 [1712.6–5283.2]). SHAP analysis revealed that a rate of LET change higher than 0.05°C/s and an AUC less than 600 were more predictive of EDEL in RFA.ConclusionThe rate of LET change and AUC for the recorded temperature predicted EDEL, whereas absolute peak temperatures did not.
Flapless early implant placement into the uncalcified provisional matrix—Does it lead to osseointegration of the implant? A preclinical study
Authors: Park Jin‐Young , Kwon Yoon‐Hee , Song Young Woo , Cha Jae‐Kook , Jung Ui‐Won , Jung Ronald E. , Thoma Daniel S. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimTo test whether early implant placement into the extraction socket containing an uncalcified provisional matrix leads to successful osseointegration and stable marginal bone levels.Materials and MethodsIn six mongrel dogs, the mandibular molars were extracted. Three weeks later, early implant placement was performed according to three experimental protocols: (i) flapless implant placement with preservation of the provisional matrix; (ii) flap elevation, socket debridement and implant placement; and (iii) flap elevation, socket debridement, implant placement and guided bone regeneration (GBR). One untreated extraction socket served as a control group. Data analyses were based on histologic slides 3 months after implant placement.ResultsThere were no differences in bone‐to‐implant contact between the three experimental groups (66.97%, 58.89% and 60.89%, respectively) (inter‐group comparison p = .42). Marginal bone levels, first bone‐to‐implant contact as well as the thickness of the connective tissue did not reveal any significant differences between the groups (p = .85, .60 and .65, respectively).ConclusionsFlapless early implant placement into posterior extraction sockets was as effective as an open flap approach in conjunction with GBR. Mineralization of the socket seems to occur irrespective of the presence of dental implants or biomaterials.
Sleepless nights, sour moods: daily sleep‐irritability links in a pediatric clinical sample
Authors: Meigs Jennifer M. , Kiderman Miryam , Kircanski Katharina , Cardinale Elise M. , Pine Daniel S. , Leibenluft Ellen , Brotman Melissa A. , Naim Reut 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundSleep, or a lack thereof, is strongly related to mood dysregulation. Although considerable research uses symptom scales to examine this relation, few studies use longitudinal, real‐time methods focused on pediatric irritability. This study leveraged an ecological momentary assessment (EMA) protocol, assessing bidirectional associations between momentary irritability symptoms and daily sleep duration in a transdiagnostic pediatric sample enriched for irritability.MethodsA total of N = 125 youth (Mage = 12.58 years, SD = 2.56 years; 74% male; 68.8% White) completed digital, in vivo surveys three times a day for 7 days. For a subset of youth, their parents also completed the EMA protocol. Trait irritability was measured using youth‐, parent‐, and clinician‐report to test its potential moderating effect on the association between sleep duration and momentary irritability.ResultsResults from multilevel modeling dynamically linked sleep to irritability. Specifically, according to youth‐ and parent‐report, decreased sleep duration was associated with increased morning irritability (bs ≤ −.09, ps < .049). A bidirectional association between parent‐reported nightly sleep duration and anger was found—increased evening anger related to decreased nightly sleep duration, and decreased sleep duration related to increased morning anger (bs ≤ −.17, ps < .019). Trait irritability moderated this association, which was stronger for more irritable youth (b = −.03, p < .027).ConclusionsThis study adds to the literature and suggests sleep‐irritability dynamics as a potential treatment target.
Hepatitis C virus infection in patients undergoing surgery in a single tertiary academic center
Authors: Lee Jae Seung , Lee Hye Won , Kim Mi Na , Kim Beom Kyung , Park Jun Yong , Kim Do Young , Ahn Sang Hoon , Kim Seung Up 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackground and AimLack of awareness disturbs proper care for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections in patients undergoing surgery. We investigated the status of HCV screening, confirmation, and treatment in patients who underwent surgery.MethodsPatients who underwent surgery at a tertiary academic center between 2019 and 2021 were eligible for this retrospective study.ResultsBetween 2019 and 2021, 96 894 patients (40 121 males; 41.4%) who underwent surgery under general anesthesia were recruited. The median age of the participants was 55.0 years. Of the 83 920 (86.6%) patients who tested positive for anti‐HCV antibodies, 576 (0.7%) showed positive results, with a higher proportion of patients with diabetes mellitus (32.6% vs 18.5%), hypertension (50.5% vs 28.6%), liver cirrhosis (13.2% vs 1.7%), and unfavorable laboratory test results when compared with those with negative results (all P < 0.05). HCV RNA was tested in 215 patients (37.3%), with a positivity rate of 20.5% (n = 44). Of the 44 patients, 42 (95.5%) were referred for antiviral treatment, and 29 (69.0%) were successfully treated with direct‐acting antiviral therapy. HCV RNA confirmation rates were higher in the Department of Hepatobiliary and Transplant Surgery (76.6%) than in the other surgical departments (25.0–33.5%) (P < 0.001).ConclusionsThe proportion of patients who were positive for anti‐HCV antibodies and failed to receive proper management after surgery was not negligible. Increased awareness of HCV infection among surgeons through appropriate education may be required.
Housing, Distribution, and Welfare
Authors: KIYOTAKI NOBUHIRO , MICHAELIDES ALEXANDER , NIKOLOV KALIN 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHousing is a long‐lived asset whose value is sensitive to variations in expectations of long‐run growth rates and interest rates. When a large fraction of households has leverage, housing price fluctuations cause large‐scale redistribution and consumption volatility. We find that a practical way to insure the young and the poor from the housing market fluctuations is through a well‐functioning rental market. In practice, homeownership subsidies keep the rental market small and the housing cycle affects aggregate consumption. Removing homeownership subsidies hurts old homeowners, while leverage limits hurt young homeowners.