bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nostalgic Engineering
Authors: Josephson Paul R. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Russian leaders and citizens have a romantic, if uninformed, attitude toward hero projects that is similar to that of the Soviet period. This is nostalgic engineering: persistent and society-wide fascination with the Soviet technological sublime that enables individuals to overplay the successes, ignore the failures, and remain ignorant of the social and environmental costs of hero projects. Even more, these projects have been tied to the legitimacy of the authoritarian presidency of Vladimir Putin. Like Soviet leaders, Putin masterfully uses state media to show himself a master of nature and a technological savant. Russian nostalgia for Soviet technology furthermore reflects trust in current Russian leadership to restore national pride, protect the fatherland, and provide for the masses through big technology—and to carry out war on Ukraine to reconstitute the glorious Soviet heritage with Russia at its head.
The importance of epistemic norms demands an explanation
Authors: Talbot Brian 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This chapter explains the book’s project, which is to argue that the epistemic norms typically focused on by philosophers do not matter enough and should be replaced by quite different norms. It articulates core concepts that are used throughout the book: “standard epistemic norms”; what it is for norms to matter or to be important; what is meant by “vindicating” norms; the distinction between pointless, mundane, and interesting beliefs; and the notion of epistemic trade-offs. The chapter argues that, if epistemic norms matter, this demands an explanation; subsequent chapters will explore different explanations for why epistemic norms could matter and show how each explanation calls for standard epistemic norms to be replaced. Finally, the chapter gives a roadmap for the rest of the book and speculates about what the norms that should replace standard epistemic norms might look like.
The Creative Personality
Authors: Sawyer R. Keith , Henriksen Danah 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This chapter reviews decades of research on creativity and personality types (e.g., extroversion) and the role of emotions in creativity. Much creativity research has examined demographic traits such as gender, birth order, family influences, and community and cultural influences. The chapter then reviews research on creativity in children, including creative play, development of creativity through childhood, worldplay and creativity, and research on prodigies. Next, the chapter reviews developmental changes through the life span, including through old age. The chapter ends with a review of the research on motivation and creativity, focusing on the possibility that external rewards interfere with creativity, and reviewing the research showing that internal, or intrinsic, motivation is associated with higher creativity.
Writing
Authors: Sawyer R. Keith , Henriksen Danah 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This chapter reviews research on creativity in writing. The chapter begins by summarizing the key findings of this research: Writing is not a sudden flash of insight; rather, writing is hard work, it is conscious and directed, and it is often collaborative and socially embedded, for example, when an editor reviews a draft. These findings support the rationalist view of creativity described in Chapter 2. The chapter reviews a wide range of research on creativity in writing, including: poetry as an oral art; romance novels, and how well-known authors can generate them so quickly; collaborative teams of writers, for example in TV sitcoms; and hypertext, a form of distributed collaborative writing enabled by the internet. The chapter reviews the widespread popularity of fan fiction and analyzes the phenomenon using the sociocultural model of person, domain, and field. The chapter ends by reviewing studies of posthumous publication and of “outsider” writers.
Interlude
Authors: Schwenck Anna 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Taking the form of a first-hand story, “Entrepreneurial Start-Up Culture Meets Soviet-Style Suspicions” describes the author’s experiences at two youth-leadership summer camps—SakhaSeliger, in the National Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), and the Krasnoyarsk Region’s “Territory of Youth Taking Initiative Biriusa.” The story moves back and forth between her visits to Biriusa and SakhaSeliger, laying out some conjectures regarding her divergent and subjective experiences as a participating outsider. While her participation at Biriusa aroused some suspicions that she might be working for a secret service among some fellow campers, her participation in SakhaSeliger was announced on social media, heralding her subsequent status as something of a VIP at camp. Not least, it portrays her surprise at discovering the integration of a business start-up culture with an authoritarian organizational and pedagogical style (Erziehungsstil).
Tagging Words
Authors: Stoltz Dustin S. , Taylor Marshall A. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Classifiers are automated processes that associate text with labels based on patterns in the text. Document classifiers tell us whether a piece of text - in its entirety - belongs to a predefined category. In this chapter we introduce sub-document classifiers, or taggers. Taggers share much with qualitative content analysis because pieces of relatively short pieces of texts are “coded” as instantiating a category or theme and each document may contain multiple tags.
Posttraumatic stress disorder and cancer: Secondary victims
Authors: Chung Man Cheung 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Chapter 4 continues the theme of cancer-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and examines the research findings that suggest that this form of PTSD can also affect patients’ family members. Children’s cancer can affect their parents who show PTSD symptoms. The parents’ PTSD symptoms may also be related to those of their children. The risk factors for PTSD or posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) in parents who have survived childhood cancer are then described. These factors appear to be related to survivors’ subjective perceptions of cancer, uncertainty about the disease, loss of control, threats to life, and intensity of treatment. Rumination and coping strategies are also related to PTSD in parents. Some studies seem to have focused on the maternal burden of childhood cancer, while recognising that both fathers and mothers tend to react differently to their children’s cancer. In addition to parents, this chapter also describes research on the impact of a parent’s cancer on family members. As children grow up, they may still use avoidance strategies to cope with the effects of childhood trauma. In addition to children, the literature also describes the impact of cancer on partners and siblings. The chapter ends with some descriptions of different types of interventions for parents of children with cancer, as well as interventions specifically designed for siblings of children with cancer and for patients and partners.
Posttraumatic stress disorder and autoimmune diseases
Authors: Chung Man Cheung 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Chapter 9 examines the relationship between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and autoimmune diseases. People with PTSD tend to develop arthritis and diabetes. Research is also looking at hypoglycaemic fear and hypoglycaemia-specific posttraumatic stress in people with type 1 diabetes. Childhood trauma, gender differences, and ethnicity may influence the relationship between PTSD and diabetes. PTSD/posttraumatic stress symptoms has also been studied in parents of children with diabetes and other illnesses, with mothers more likely to experience PTSD related to their children’s illness than fathers. Similarly, more mothers of children with type 1 diabetes than fathers meet diagnostic criteria for PTSD or partial PTSD related to their children’s illness. This chapter concludes with brief comments on the relationship between PTSD and type 2 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, and Guillain–Barré syndrome.
Land use change and emerging infectious diseases
Authors: Salkeld Dan , Hopkins Skylar , Hayman David 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Land use change is a catch-all term for ways that humans modify abiotic and biotic environments: paving surfaces, converting forests into agricultural fields, grazing livestock on grasslands, etc. These activities are important for human well-being (e.g., food security, access to social services), but they can also cause emerging infectious disease events. Disease emergence does not just depend on physical changes to environments, but also how interactions in those environments change. For example, farming wildlife and domestic species creates large and often highly susceptible host populations that may interact with both wildlife and people, creating frequent opportunities for spillover and spillback of emerging pathogens. Similarly, urbanization can create conditions where some reservoir species, like rodents, flourish and have unusually high interaction rates with humans. These mechanisms are all proximate drivers of disease emergence or disease burdens, which may or may not be the best targets for disease control interventions. For example, efforts to reduce deforestation may reduce spillover risks for some diseases, but these efforts are unlikely to be successful without addressing the ultimate drivers of deforestation, such as poverty and global demand for forest products. This chapter describes many proximate and ultimate drivers of land use change and pathogen emergence.
Navigation Examinations in the Early Modern Period
Authors: Schotte Margaret E. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Early modern navigators were required to pass examinations prior to being promoted. These were an important element of nautical training programmes, not only shaping classroom curricula and practices, but teaching mathematical techniques to diverse maritime communities from the sixteenth century onwards. Far from being monolithic, there were five distinct types of examination, each focused on a different skill. The earliest type comprised a hands-on demonstration of physical tools, including instruments, maps, and even knots. The second capacious category relied on traditional dialogues to help memorize information—about piloting, cosmography, and geography. The last type to be introduced, by the Dutch East India Company (VOC), required candidates to calculate numerical answers for the ship’s position. Evidence of these extremely influential examinations appears in textbooks, student manuscripts, and fill-in-the-blank tests through the end of the eighteenth century. This chapter analyses the relationship between practice tests and published manuals to trace how these examinations facilitated the understanding of arithmetic and geometry, trigonometry and tables, making an indelible impact on the decks of ships and beyond.
Mathematical Men in Humble Life
Authors: Despeaux Sloan Evans , Stenhouse Brigitte 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Working-class men from the North of England began to form societies for their avocational, mathematical interests by the second decade of the eighteenth century. Latin mathematical texts were useless to these men, and while some of them benefited from English textbooks on algebra and geometry, it was mathematical journals that most helped inform and motivate these philomaths. In turn, these men contributed to the persistence and wide-ranging popularity of the ‘questions for answer’ genre in British journals for over 150 years. This chapter will focus on the north-west of England, on the areas surrounding the cities of Manchester and Liverpool. We will use three short-lived ‘questions for answer’ journals from this region as windows through which to view the factors that motivated the journals’ editors to promote networks of mathematical communication.
Collection, Use, Dispersal
Authors: Wardhaugh Benjamin 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Charles Hutton (1737–1823) collected books from his childhood onwards, and by the time of his retirement owned what he and his friends believed was the best mathematical library in England. Following a misunderstanding with the British Museum, the collection was dispersed at auction in 1816, and few of the books can now be located. This paper discusses first Hutton’s activities as a collector of mathematical print from eighteenth-century Britain and beyond; it considers how, and how effectively, he became a contributor to mathematical print himself, reusing and extending the contents of his library. Finally it describes the dispersal of his library and of the mathematical culture in which he worked.
The Life Mathematick
Authors: Jardine Boris 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
John Speidell (1577–1649) was one of the pre-eminent teachers of mathematics in London in the first half of the seventeenth century, and was author of an important early work on logarithms, as well as various elementary mathematical works. His son Euclid was also a teacher of mathematics. Beyond information gleaned from their published works, we know very little about these two men. However, a manuscript written by Euclid Speidell towards the end of his life is preserved at the Lincolnshire Archives, and this sheds a great deal of light on the life and times of John Speidell. Incidental comments in the manuscript are also revealing about mathematical culture in the 1590s. Because Euclid Speidell lived until 1702 we are therefore in possession of a remarkable source, covering mathematical teaching for more than a century. One suggestion that has been made about mathematical culture in this period is confirmed: namely that instruments were central to the acquisition of knowledge, the unity of the ‘mathematical arts’, and the career progress of teachers and practitioners. With this in mind we might usefully return to questions about the place of instruments in learning: their use was the norm, not an exception, and challenges to instrumentation should be seen as radical attempts to change the order of knowledge and privilege certain kinds of expertise, rather than as rational critiques of intellectual inferiors.
A Kenyan railway? A Kenyatta railway?
Authors: Wang Yuan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This chapter lays out the ways in which Kenyan electoral institutions incentivized the political champion, in this case President Uhuru Kenyatta, to take a personalistic approach to the Chinese-sponsored Standard Gauge Railway (SGR) project. It traces Kenyatta’s personalistic approach to SGR implementation back to the historical legacy of personalism in Kenyan politics, inherited from his father, Jomo Kenyatta, and persisting in Kenya’s multiparty politics today. The comparison of two phases of the SGR shows that political championship was crucial to achieving the high effectiveness of SGR Phase 1, completed before the elections, and that the absence of Kenyatta’s championship resulted in delays in Phase 2A, started after the elections. It argues that the Kenyan president instrumentalized the Chinese-sponsored mega-railway project as his campaign capital. It also discusses the various modes of presidential intervention in SGR delivery, and the social and political impacts of these interventions.
Revolutionary democracy, developmental state, and capitalism
Authors: Wang Yuan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This chapter investigates how changes in political championship in Ethiopia influenced the implementation of the Addis Ababa–Djibouti railway project. The leadership transition from strongman Prime Minister Meles Zenawi to the ‘legacy maintainer’ Hailemariam Desalegn also marked the significant slow-down of project implementation, despite increasing efforts by Chinese contractors and Chinese government. This demonstrates the importance of the leader’s authority in project delivery, therefore making a distinction between the leader’s position and the individual, and in this case the premiership and the prime ministers themselves. Ethiopia’s deteriorating security situation after November 2015 resulted in the diversion of leadership attention from infrastructure development to maintaining stability. Projects like the railway lost political championship but industrial parks gained the leader’s commitment. The chapter briefly investigates the relative success of the Hawassa Industrial Park under the championship of Arkebe Oqubay in 2015–16. This industrial park aligned well with the survival incentive of the government to maintain stability shortly prior to and during the political crisis.
The Self and its Disorders
Authors: Gallagher Shaun 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The Self and its Disorders develops a philosophical and interdisciplinary approach to the formulation of an “integrative” perspective in psychiatry. In contrast to some integrative approaches that focus on narrow brain-based conceptions, or strictly on symptomology, this book takes its bearings from embodied and enactive conceptions of human experience and builds on a perspective that understands self as a self-pattern—a pattern of processes that include bodily, experiential, affective, cognitive-psychological, reflective, narrative, intersubjective, ecological, and normative factors. It provides a philosophical analysis of the notion of self-pattern, framed in terms of dynamical organization. It then draws on phenomenological, developmental, clinical, and experimental evidence to propose a method for studying the effects of psychopathologies on the self-pattern, and includes discussions of network theory, predictive processing models, and the role of narrative. This book explores the hypothesis that psychiatric disorders are self-disorders, and includes specific discussions of schizophrenia, anxiety disorders, depression, borderline personality disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder and autism spectrum disorder, as well as traumatic effects of torture and solitary confinement. Other topics include diagnostic classification, symptom overlap, and transdiagnostic complexity. Several chapters explore a variety of philosophical issues that relate to therapeutic approaches, including deep brain stimulation, meditation-based interventions, and the use of artificial intelligence and virtual reality.
Introduction
Authors: Gallagher Shaun 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This introductory chapter discusses the tension between biopsychosocial models and neurocentric approaches in psychiatry, motivating a turn to 4E (embodied, embedded, extended, and especially enactive) theories. The chapters that follow develop an interdisciplinary approach to integrative conceptions of psychiatry, distinguish between narrow and wide integration, and explicate a model based on the concept of self-pattern. According to this model, psychiatric disorders are self-disorders. This hypothesis extends the claim made by phenomenological psychiatrists about schizophrenia, namely, that schizophrenia is a disturbance affecting a very basic sense of self. The notion of self-pattern introduces a wider and more complex notion of self that facilitates the analysis of psychopathologies more generally. The chapter ends with a consideration of the difficulties involved in nosological classification.
Artificial Transformations of the Self-pattern
Authors: Gallagher Shaun 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Computational psychiatry can provide a modeling tool to support or test a variety of theories of psychopathology. Machine learning techniques can identify variables with predictive values for clinical disorders and can be used to test the efficacy of antipsychotic medications. Artificial general intelligence is still a project rather than an existing product, but research and design are moving forward at a fast clip. What are the possibilities for using AI to change the self-pattern through enhancement technology? Even if, at one extreme, mind uploading may not yet be possible and may spawn a variety of philosophical issues to consider, AI applications such as natural language programs in the form of chatbots already offer therapeutic possibilities. AI enhanced virtual reality has been shown to provide diagnostic and therapeutic support in the treatment of psychiatric disorders, such as phobias and schizophrenia.
Equality and Discrimination
Authors: Bell Mark 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines Catholic Social Teaching (CST) on equality and discrimination in the workplace. CST holds that all human persons are equal in dignity. In principle, it rejects unjust discrimination, including where this takes place in the workplace. It has, though, been reticent about its support for anti-discrimination law. The chapter explores the sensitive relationship between CST and anti-discrimination by taking EU law as a case study. It probes three issues to understand better where divergence may arise between CST and secular law on discrimination. These are: (i) gender equality and the reconciliation of work and family life, (ii) the manifestation of religious beliefs in the workplace and in ethos-based organizations, (iii) LGBTQI+ rights. The chapter finds that there is considerable common ground between CST and EU anti-discrimination law. Much of the latter would be entirely in conformity with the rejection of discrimination found in contemporary CST. There are divergences on certain issues, especially in relation to the latitude for organizations with a religious ethos to depart from the ‘standard’ requirements of anti-discrimination law. Nevertheless, the chapter concludes that there are constructive contributions that can be derived from a critical engagement between CST and EU anti-discrimination law.
‘All show’d the builders, crav’d the seers care’
Authors: Cioni Francesca 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
‘The Crosse’ gives voice to a struggle to perform effective worship; it also seems, biographically, to record Herbert’s labours in the 1620s rebuilding of the church of St Mary at Leighton Bromswold, where he was rector. Conceptual parallels and practical correspondences between devotional service, poetic composition and church building were an important part of the devotional experience of not only poets and clergy but readers and lay worshippers too. Believers’ relationship to the church building was one of close affective and interpretive attention: the church was an edifice to be maintained as a demonstration of piety, and to be ‘read’ as an architectural metaphor. Consecration sermons offer a valuable way of understanding how the meaning and use of church buildings was consecrated, and inform The Temple’s own ‘Dedication’ and its metaphorical ‘building’ works in poems like ‘The Windows’, ‘The Altar’, and ‘JESU’.
Coda: ‘The hand you stretch/Is mine to write’
Authors: Cioni Francesca 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In ‘Providence’ Herbert situates humanity within Creation as part of a literary and devotional ecology of praise. Herbert’s poetry works by material, textual, and spiritual proliferation, in the uses to which it is put by contemporary readers. Poems like ‘Coloss. 3. 3.’ both invite and resist commonplacing and recontextualization, and Herbert’s treatment of scripture performs and invites modes of reading both figurative and insistently material. Close readings of two appearances of Herbert’s poems in mid seventeenth-century manuscripts, compiled by Sir John Gibson and his son John, demonstrate the variety of uses to which The Temple was put, as well as the consistent significance of the poems’ material surface. In Samuel Speed’s Prison-pietie, Speed mimics Herbert’s verse in a way that embodies the generative work Herbert saw his devotional verse performing.