bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative evaluation of early diabetic outcomes in southeast asian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) versus sleeve gastrectomy (LSG)
Authors: Pang Wei Soon , Loo Guo Hou , Tan Guo Jeng , Mardan Mardiana , Rajan Reynu , Kosai Nik Ritza 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an alarming problem globally and a growing epidemic. Metabolic surgery has been shown to be successful in treating both obesity and T2DM, usually after other treatments have failed. This study aims to compare Roux-Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy in determining early diabetic outcomes in obese Malaysian patients with T2DM following surgery. A total of 172 obese patients with T2DM who were assigned to either laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) or laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) were analysed up to a year post-procedure. The patients’ T2DM severity were stratified using the Individualized Metabolic Surgery (IMS) score into mild, moderate and severe. Remission rates of diabetes were compared between surgical techniques and within diabetic severity categories. T2DM remission for patients who underwent either surgical technique for mild, moderate or severe disease was 92.9%, 56.2% and 14.7% respectively. Both surgical techniques improved T2DM control for patients in the study. Comparing baseline with results 1 year postoperatively, median HbA1c reduced from 7.40% (IQR 2.60) to 5.80% (IQR 0.80) (p < 0.001), mean total antidiabetic medications use reduced from 1.48 (SD 0.99) to 0.60 (SD 0.86) [p < 0.001], insulin usage reduced from 27.9 to 10.5% (p < 0.001), and T2DM control improved from 27.9 to 82% (p < 0.001). The patients had a median excess BMI loss of 69.4% (IQR 34%) and 53.2% (IQR 36.0%) for RYGB and SG respectively (p = 0.016). At one year following surgery, there is no difference between LRYGB and LSG in terms of diabetic remission. LSG is not inferior to LRYGB in terms of early diabetic outcomes. Milder T2DM shows a better response. LSG is a simpler procedure with a lower risk profile and should be considered as an early treatment option for obese patients with T2DM.
Nova 1670 (CK Vulpeculae) was a merger of a red giant with a helium white dwarf
Authors: Tylenda Romuald , Kamiński Tomek , Smolec Radek 
Published: January 2024

Context. Nova 1670 is a historical transient bearing strong similarities to a recently recognized type of stellar eruption known as the red nova, which is thought to be powered by stellar mergers. The remnant of the transient, CK Vul, is observable today mainly through cool circumstellar gas and dust, and recombining plasma, but we have no direct view on the stellar object.
Aims. Within the merger hypothesis, we aim to infer the most likely configuration of the progenitor system that resulted in Nova 1670.
Methods. We collected the literature data on the physical properties of the outburst and the remnant (including their energetics), and on the chemical composition of the circumstellar material (including elemental and isotopic abundances). These data, which result from optical and submillimeter observations of the circumstellar gas of CK Vul, are summarized here. We performed simple simulations to analyze the form and the level of mixing within the material associated with the merger. We identified products of nuclear burning, among which we find ashes of hydrogen burning in the CNO cycles and in the MgAl chain, as well as signs of partial helium burning.
Results. Based primarily on the luminosity and chemical composition of the remnant, we find that the progenitor primary had to be an evolutionarily advanced red giant branch star of a mass of 1–2 M⊙. The secondary was either a very similar giant, or –more likely– a helium white dwarf. While the eruption event was mainly powered by accretion, we estimate that about 12% of total energy is likely to have come from helium burning activated during the merger. The coalescence of a first-ascent giant with a helium white dwarf created a star with a rather unique internal structure and composition, which resemble those of early R-type carbon stars.
Conclusions. Nova 1670 is the result of a merger between a helium white dwarf and a first-ascent red giant and is likely now evolving to become an early R-type carbon star.
A method for determining the locations and configurations of magnetic reconnection within three-dimensional turbulent plasmas
Authors: Wang Yulei , Cheng Xin , Guo Yang , Guo Jinhan , Ding Mingde 
Published: January 2024

Context. Three-dimensional (3D) reconnection is an important mechanism for efficiently releasing energy during astrophysical eruptive events, which is difficult to be quantitatively analyzed especially within turbulent plasmas.
Aims. In this paper, an efficient method for identifying locations and configurations of 3D reconnection from magnetohydrodynamical (MHD) data is developed.
Methods. This method analyzes the local nonideal electric field and magnetic structure at an arbitrary position. As only performing algebraical manipulations on the discrete field data and avoiding computationally expensive operations such as field-line tracing and root-finding, this method naturally possesses high efficiency. To validate this method, we apply it to the 3D data from a high-resolution simulation of a Harris-sheet reconnection and a data-driven simulation of a coronal flux rope eruption.
Results. It is shown that this method can precisely identify the local structures of discrete magnetic field. Through the information of nonideal electric field and the geometric attributes of magnetic field, the local structures of reconnection sites can be effectively and comprehensively determined. For fine turbulent processes, both qualitative pictures and quantitative statistical properties of small-scale reconnection structures can be obtained. For large-scale solar simulations, macro-scale magnetic structures such as flux ropes and eruption current sheets can also be recognized.
Conclusions. We develop a powerful method to analyze multi-scale structures of 3D reconnection. It can be applied not only in MHD simulations but also in kinetic simulations, plasma experiments, and in situ observations.
LQAC-6: Sixth Release of the Large Quasar Astrometric Catalogue
Authors: Souchay J. , Secrest N. , Sexton R. , Barache C. 
Published: January 2024

Context. In addition to being objects of intense interest for cosmology and studies of the evolution of the universe, quasars are used to define quasi-inertial positions on the celestial sphere. Since its first publication in 2009, the purpose of the Large Quasar Astrometric Catalogue (LQAC) has been to provide the largest catalogue of bona fide quasars suitable for astrometry, with the high-precision positions from Gaia becoming available in the fourth release (LQAC-4).
Aims. Following the same kind of procedure as in the previous releases of the LQAC, our aim is to compile the maximum number of recorded quasars, with optimised equatorial coordinates and fundamental information about their physical properties such as the redshift, the photometry, radio fluxes, morphological index.
Methods. New quasars from the SDSS DR16Q release were cross-matched with the precedent LQAC-5 compilation with a 1″ radius, which leads to 225 082 objects not present in the previous LQAC-5 release. Another cross-match was done with the Gaia Celestial Reference Frame 3 (GCRF3) catalogue, which is itself a compilation of a large number of quasars catalogues, accompanied with very accurate Gaia DR3 positions. Moreover, AGN’s coming from 19 individual extragalactic surveys not considered in the previous LQAC compilations are added.
Results. This new LQAC-6 release contains 2 073 099 objects, which is 3.5 times the number of objects recorded in the previous LQAC-5 release. Among them, 1 739 187 objects were found in common with the Gaia DR3, within a 1″ search radius. A large part of new objects belong to the GCRF3 catalogue, which gathers a total number of 1 614 218 objects.
Conclusions. The LQAC-6 delivers a nearly complete catalogue of quasars and AGN’s to the astronomical community, with the aim of giving their best equatorial coordinates with respect to the recent ICRF3 and with exhaustive additional information. For as much as 83.9% of the sample, these coordinates are extracted from the very recent Gaia DR3.
Complexity growth in a holographic QCD model*
Authors: Chang 常 Wen-Bin 文彬 , Hou 侯 De-fu 德富 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In this study, we utilize the complexity-action duality to study the evolution of complexity in a holographic QCD model at finite temperature and chemical potential. By inserting a fundamental string as a probe, we investigated the properties of complexity growth in this Einstein-Maxwell-scalar gravity system, which is affected by the string velocity, chemical potential, and temperature. Our results show that the complexity growth is maximized when the probe string is stationary, and it decreases as the velocity of the string increases. When the string approaches relativistic velocities, the complexity growth always increases monotonically with respect to the chemical potential. Furthermore, we find that the complexity growth can be used to identify phase transitions and crossovers in the model.
Small money, large profits: how the cashless revolution aggravates social inequality
Authors: Brandl Barbara , Hengsbach David , Moreno Guadalupe 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe replacement of cash by cashless alternatives carries huge potential to aggravate social inequality. Governments struggle to manage these dynamics since they must keep a delicate balance between the formation of strong players and the provision of inclusive payment options. Studying the political economy behind the payment industry is crucial to understanding how digitalization has transformed payments. To this aim, we look at the history of the payment industry in two cases: the USA and the euro area. In the USA, the cashless revolution gave rise to an oligopoly of two extremely successful credit card companies, which, however, resulted in a banking system that does not serve the needs of at least one-fifth of the population. In the euro area, the population has access to affordable financial services; however, neither the private nor the public sector has been able to provide the infrastructure to integrate European payments.
Promotion effect of FOXCUT as a microRNA sponge for miR-24-3p on progression in triple-negative breast cancer through the p38 MAPK signaling pathway
Authors: Yu Xiafei , Qian Fangze , Zhang Xiaoqiang , Zhu Yanhui , He Gao , Yang Junzhe , Wu Xian , Zhou Yi , Shen Li , Shi Xiaoyue , Zhang Hongfei , Liu Xiao'an 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background:
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a type of highly invasive breast cancer with a poor prognosis. According to new research, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a significant role in the progression of cancer. Although the role of lncRNAs in breast cancer has been well reported, few studies have focused on TNBC. This study aimed to explore the biological function and clinical significance of forkhead box C1 promoter upstream transcript (FOXCUT) in triple-negative breast cancer.

Methods:
Based on a bioinformatic analysis of the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) database, we detected that the lncRNA FOXCUT was overexpressed in TNBC tissues, which was further validated in an external cohort of tissues from the General Surgery Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. The functions of FOXCUT in proliferation, migration, and invasion were detected in vitro or in vivo. Luciferase assays and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) were performed to reveal that FOXCUT acted as a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) for the microRNA miR-24-3p and consequently inhibited the degradation of p38.

Results:
lncRNA FOXCUT was markedly highly expressed in breast cancer, which was associated with poor prognosis in some cases. Knockdown of FOXCUT significantly inhibited cancer growth and metastasis in vitro or in vivo. Mechanistically, FOXCUT competitively bounded to miR-24-3p to prevent the degradation of p38, which might act as an oncogene in breast cancer.

Conclusion:
Collectively, this research revealed a novel FOXCUT/miR-24-3p/p38 axis that affected breast cancer progression and suggested that the lncRNA FOXCUT could be a diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for breast cancer.
Effectiveness and safety of vedolizumab and infliximab in biologic-naive patients with Crohn’s disease: results from the EVOLVE study
Authors: Mantzaris Gerassimos J. , Bressler Brian , Adsul Shashi , Luo Michelle , Colby Chris , Brett Neil R. , Saha Sumit , Kamble Pravin , Wang Song , Yarur Andres 
Published: January 2024

Objectives
This study compared the real-world effectiveness and safety of α4β7-integrin inhibitor vedolizumab and anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (anti-TNFα) inhibitor infliximab in biologic-naive patients with Crohn’s disease (CD).

Methods
EVOLVE was a retrospective, multicenter, medical chart review of biologic-naive adults with inflammatory bowel disease receiving vedolizumab or anti-TNFα treatment as first-line biologics in Canada, Greece, and the USA. Twelve-month outcomes were analyzed in vedolizumab- or infliximab-treated patients with moderate-to-severe CD (and subgroups with complicated and noncomplicated CD) including cumulative rates of clinical response, clinical remission, and mucosal healing, and incidence rates of serious adverse events (SAEs) and serious infections (SIs). Inverse probability weighting (IPW) was used to account for baseline differences between treatment groups.

Results
Data were analyzed from 167 patients. In the IPW dataset (99 vedolizumab-treated and 63 infliximab-treated), adjusted 12-month clinical remission rates were 73.1% and 55.2%, respectively (P = 0.31). Overall, effectiveness rates were similar across treatment and complicated/noncomplicated disease subgroups. Adjusted 12-month incidence rates (first occurrence/1000 person-years) of SAEs for vedolizumab vs. infliximab: 43.6 vs. 200.9 [hazard ratio (HR) 0.36 (0.09–1.54)]; SIs: 10.8 vs. 96.0 [HR 0.08 (<0.01–2.64)]. AE incidence was significantly lower in vedolizumab- vs. infliximab-treated patients for complicated [131.6 vs. 732.2; HR 0.19 (0.05–0.65)] and noncomplicated [276.3 vs. 494.8; HR 0.59 (0.35–0.99)] disease subgroups.

Conclusion
These real-world data on first-line biologics show no differences in 12-month effectiveness outcomes for vedolizumab- vs. infliximab-treated biologic-naive patients with CD. Vedolizumab may have a more favorable safety profile vs. infliximab in patients with complicated and noncomplicated disease.
Anal defecatory function in ulcerative colitis patients after total proctocolectomy and ileal pouch-anal anastomosis: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Viazis Nikos , Manolakis Anastasios , Vraka Marina , Mylonas Iordanis , Tsoukali Emmanuela , Karamanolis George , Mantzaris Gerasimos J. , Papakonstantinou Ioannis 
Published: January 2024

Background
Total proctocolectomy (TPC) followed by ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) remains the only viable option whenever different treatment modalities fail in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC).

Objective
Prospective cohort pre/post study examining the anal defecatory function and competence in UC patients undergoing TPC plus IPAA using high-resolution anorectal manometry (HR-ARM).

Patients
Patients undergoing TPC and IPAA were enrolled in the study and subjected to HR-ARM prior to and 6 months after surgery. The anal resting, squeeze and push pressures were recorded, together with the rectal sensation and the rectal balloon expulsion test. The number of bowel movements, symptoms/signs related to fecal incontinence, as well as the IBDQ-32 quality of life questionnaires were documented during both HR-ARM visits.

Results
A total of 20 consecutive UC patients were recruited in our study. The mean (SD) number of bowel movements before the TPC plus IPAA was 10.1 (2.8), while the same number after the pouch surgery was 7.7 (3.1) [P = 0.01]. Symptoms or signs of fecal incontinence were noted in one of our patients prior to the operation; however, none of our patients reported any such symptoms after the pouch surgery. The median (IQR) IBDQ-32 questionnaire scores before and after surgery were 121.5 (13.5) and 142.5 (16.0) respectively. At the same time, the anorectal function remained intact since both the anal resting and squeeze pressures were not significantly changed.

Conclusion
UC patients subjected to TPC-IPAA exhibit improved bowel movements and a normal anal defecatory function and competence post-surgery.
Dendritic cell epithelial sodium channel induced inflammation and salt-sensitive hypertension
Authors: Demirci Mert , Hinton Antentor , Kirabo Annet 
Published: January 2024

Purpose of review
Salt sensitivity of blood pressure (SSBP) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) plays a critical role in renal electrolyte and volume regulation and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of SSBP. This review describes recent advances regarding the role of ENaC-dependent inflammation in the development of SSBP.

Recent findings
We recently found that sodium enters dendritic cells via ENaC, a process regulated by serum/glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 and epoxyeicosatrienoic acid 14,15. Sodium entry activates NADPH oxidase, leading to the production of isolevuglandins (IsoLGs). IsoLGs adduct self-proteins to form neoantigens in dendritic cells that activate T cells and result in the release of cytokines promoting sodium retention, kidney damage, and endothelial dysfunction in SSBP. Additionally, we described a novel mechanistic pathway involving ENaC and IsoLG-dependent NLRP3 inflammasome activation. These findings hold promise for the development of novel diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic options for SSBP.

Summary
The exact mechanisms underlying SSBP remain elusive. Recent advances in understanding the extrarenal role of ENaC have opened a new perspective, and further research efforts should focus on understanding the link between ENaC, inflammation, and SSBP.
COVID-19-related excess missed HIV diagnoses in the United States in 2021
Authors: Viguerie Alex , Song Ruiguang , Johnson Anna Satcher , Lyles Cynthia M. , Hernandez Angela , Farnham Paul G. 
Published: January 2024

Objective:
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and related disruptions led to a significant decline in HIV diagnoses in the United States in 2020. A previous analysis estimated 18% fewer diagnoses than expected among persons with HIV (PWH) acquiring infection in 2019 or earlier, suggesting that the decline in overall diagnoses cannot be attributed solely to decreased transmission. This analysis evaluates the progress made towards closing the 2020 diagnosis deficit in 2021.

Methods:
We apply previously developed methods analyzing 2021 diagnosis data from the National HIV Surveillance System to determine whether 2021 diagnosis levels of PWH infected pre-2020 are above or below the expected pre-COVID trends. Results are stratified by assigned sex at birth, transmission group, geographic region, and race/ethnicity.

Results:
In 2021, HIV diagnoses returned to pre-COVID levels among all PWH acquiring infection 2011–2019. Among Hispanic/Latino PWH and male individuals, diagnoses returned to pre-COVID levels. White PWH, MSM, and PWH living in the south and northeast showed higher-than-expected levels of diagnosis in 2021. For the remaining populations, there were fewer HIV diagnoses in 2021 than expected.

Conclusion:
Although overall diagnoses among persons acquiring HIV pre-2020 returned to pre-COVID levels, the diagnosis gap observed in 2020 remained unclosed at the end of 2021. Fewer than expected diagnoses among certain populations indicate that COVID-19-related disruptions to HIV diagnosis trends remained in 2021. Although some groups showed higher-than-expected levels of diagnoses, such increases were smaller than corresponding 2020 decreases. Expanded testing programs designed to close these gaps are essential.
Differences in Breastfeeding Duration by Maternal HIV Status: A Pooled Analysis of Nationally Representative Surveys in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Glaubius Robert , Stover John , Johnson Leigh F. , Mahiane Severin G. , Mahy Mary I. , Eaton Jeffrey W. 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Breastfeeding improves child survival but is a source of mother-to-child HIV transmission among women with unsuppressed HIV infection. Estimated HIV incidence in children is sensitive to breastfeeding duration among mothers living with HIV (MLHIV). Breastfeeding duration may vary according to maternal HIV status.

Setting:
Sub-Saharan Africa.

Methods:
We analyzed pooled data from nationally representative household surveys conducted during 2003–2019 that included HIV testing and elicited breastfeeding practices. We fitted survival models of breastfeeding duration by country, year, and maternal HIV status for 4 sub-Saharan African regions (Eastern, Central, Southern, and Western).

Results:
Data were obtained from 65 surveys in 31 countries. In 2010, breastfeeding in the first month of life (“initial breastfeeding”) among MLHIV ranged from 69.1% (95% credible interval: 68–79.9) in Southern Africa to 93.4% (92.7–98.0) in Western Africa. Median breastfeeding duration among MLHIV was the shortest in Southern Africa at 15.6 (14.2–16.3) months and the longest in Eastern Africa at 22.0 (21.7–22.5) months. By comparison, HIV-negative mothers were more likely to breastfeed initially (91.0%–98.7% across regions) and for longer duration (median 18.3–24.6 months across regions). Initial breastfeeding and median breastfeeding duration decreased during 2005–2015 in most regions and did not increase in any region regardless of maternal HIV status.

Conclusions:
MLHIV in sub-Saharan Africa are less likely to breastfeed initially and stop breastfeeding sooner than HIV-negative mothers. Since 2020, UNAIDS-supported HIV estimates have accounted for this shorter breastfeeding exposure among HIV-exposed children. MLHIV need support to enable optimal breastfeeding practices and to adhere to antiretroviral therapy for HIV treatment and prevention of postnatal mother-to-child transmission.
Current challenges in acute bacterial skin infection management
Authors: Burillo Almudena , Pulido-Pérez Ana , Bouza Emilio 
Published: January 2024

Purpose of review
There are aspects of skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) that remain unresolved, such as current numbers, classification criteria, how best to define severity and predict the outcome, what diagnostic tests to perform, what new treatment options are available, or what the duration of antibiotic treatment should be. We have reviewed the literature over the last 18 months to clarify these issues and provide our opinion.

Recent findings
SSTIs are common and among the top 10 most frequent infections worldwide. They represent a burden on the healthcare system and have a major impact on the quality of life of patients. Regarding classification, the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) provides a practical guide that distinguishes between uncomplicated and complicated infections, acute and chronic wound infections, and necrotising and nonnecrotizing infections based on skin extension and tissue necrosis. With new microbiological and imaging diagnostic techniques, SSTIs can now be better diagnosed. New PCR techniques are available, and mass spectrometry can be applied to samples collected in liquid transport media. Moreover, new treatment methods such as photodynamic therapy, reactive oxygen, and phages are emerging. SSTI patients can be treated with shorter antibiotic courses if they receive an active drug with good tissue penetration. Antibiotic treatment in necrotizing infections can be shortened to 48 h after the last debridement.

Summary
SSTIs remain a challenge regarding rapid and accurate diagnosis and clinical management.