bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgical Interventions Have Lowered Complication Rates Compared to Casting in Charcot Foot
Authors: Lan Taylor , Dopke Kelly , Shehaj Andrea , Benedict Christian , Pahapill Natalie , Mansfield Kirsten N. , Stauch Christopher , Saloky Kaitlin L. , Aynardi Michael 
Published: December 2023

Category: Diabetes; Midfoot/Forefoot Introduction/Purpose: Charcot foot is a serious complication that arises in the setting of combined peripheral neuropathy and trauma. This neurodegenerative disease is often associated with diabetes mellitus and other chronic comorbid diagnoses which can further lead to an increased risk of other injuries such as bone deformities and ulcerations. As there is no standard protocol for the management and treatment of Charcot neuroarthropathy (CN), casting, arthrodesis, exostectomy, and amputation can all be utilized. The understanding of the various comorbidities and management strategies for Charcot foot may allow further guidance for treatment options. The objective of our study was to compare the demographics, lab values, and clinical outcomes of patients who undergo various treatment modalities for CN and determine if there was correlation. Methods: A sample of patients at a single institution diagnosed with CN of the lower extremity and who underwent exostectomy, arthrodesis, amputation, and/or casting were identified through TriNetX. Demographics were collected for the study sample including age, sex, and race. Descriptive statistics in addition to historic and projected rate of arrival were conducted on each subgroup of patients. Relative risk with the associated confidence intervals were completed to assess comparative statistics among the groups for various organ system based comorbid diagnoses and complications. Results: Three-hundred and forty patients were identified; 120 underwent amputation, 130 underwent arthrodesis, 180 underwent exostectomy, and 160 underwent casting. The average age was 62 ± 12 years. Males accounted for 62%, with a higher percentage (66%) in the amputation and exostectomy groups. 85% of patients identified as white. The predicted rate of arrival at this institution for amputation, arthrodesis, exostectomy, and casting was 2.4, 0.7, 2.5, and 4.7 respectively. Amputation was overall associated with a higher percentage of comorbid diagnosis. When compared to the arthrodesis group, casting had a 1.35 times (95% CI: 1.086-1.689) risk of ulceration and was associated with a higher hemoglobin A1C (7.5±2.211 vs 7.22 ± 1.87, p=0.058). Conclusion: Among relatively comparable groups, casting, while effective and the least invasive, is associated with higher risks of ulceration and complications in the future. Complications of Charcot foot can involve skeletal deformities, which can reduce the quality of life for patients. With the expected projected arrival rate of newly diagnosed CN patients at this institution to be highest for casting and lowest for arthrodesis, the consideration for early surgical intervention such as arthrodesis could reduce the risk of complications and readmissions in the future progression of Charcot foot.
Influence of filtering on the effective concentration and sterility of a 2% cyclosporine ophthalmic solution: a quality improvement perspective
Authors: Ozaki Masakazu , Kobayashi Toshihiko , Fujinaga Aki , Nishioka Mitsuaki , Shikichi Kyoko , Okano Satoshi , Sakai Yasuhito , Fujii Sayumi , Matsui Nobuaki , Takasago Miwako , Okada Naoto , Yamasaki Takahiro , Kitahara Takashi 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Pharmaceutical companies do not sell formulations for all diseases; thus, healthcare workers have to treat some diseases by concocting in-hospital preparations. An example is the high-concentration 2% cyclosporine A (CyA) ophthalmic solution. Utilizing a filter in sterility operations is a general practice for concocting in-hospital preparations, as is the case for preparing a 2% CyA ophthalmic solution. However, whether filtering is appropriate concerning the active ingredient content and bacterial contamination according to the post-preparing quality control of a 2% CyA ophthalmic solution is yet to be verified.

Methods
We conducted particle size, preparation concentration, and bacterial contamination studies to clarify aforementioned questions. First, we measured the particle size of CyA through a laser diffraction particle size distribution. Next, we measured the concentration after preparation with or without a 0.45-µm filter operation using an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Finally, bacterial contamination tests were conducted using an automated blood culture system to prepare a 2% CyA ophthalmic solution without a 0.45 μm filtering. Regarding the pore size of the filter in this study, it was set to 0.45 μm with reference to the book (the 6th edition) with recipes for the preparation of in-hospital preparations edited by the Japanese Society of Hospital Pharmacists.

Results
CyA had various particle sizes; approximately 30% of the total particles exceeded 0.45 μm. The mean ± standard deviation of filtered and non-filtered CyA concentrations in ophthalmic solutions were 346.51 ± 170.76 and 499.74 ± 76.95ng/mL, respectively (p = 0.011). Regarding bacterial contamination tests, aerobes and anaerobes microorganisms were not detected in 14 days of culture.

Conclusions
Due to the results of this study, the concentration of CyA may be reduced by using a 0.45-µm filter during the preparation of CyA ophthalmic solutions, and furthermore that the use of a 0.45-µm filter may not contribute to sterility when preparing CyA ophthalmic solutions.
A lissencephaly-associated BAIAP2 variant causes defects in neuronal migration during brain development
Authors: Tsai Meng-Han , Lin Wan-Cian , Chen Shih-Ying , Hsieh Meng-Ying , Nian Fang-Shin , Cheng Haw-Yuan , Zhao Hong-Jun , Hung Shih-Shun , Hsu Chi-Hsin , Hou Pei-Shan , Tung Chien-Yi , Lee Mei-Hsuan , Tsai Jin-Wu 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
Lissencephaly is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by a loss of brain surface convolutions caused by genetic variants that disrupt neuronal migration. However, the genetic origins of the disorder remain unidentified in nearly one-fifth of people with lissencephaly. Using whole-exome sequencing, we identified a de novo BAIAP2 variant, p.Arg29Trp, in an individual with lissencephaly with a posterior more severe than anterior (P&gt;A) gradient, implicating BAIAP2 as a potential lissencephaly gene. Spatial transcriptome analysis in the developing mouse cortex revealed that Baiap2 is expressed in the cortical plate and intermediate zone in an anterior low to posterior high gradient. We next used in utero electroporation to explore the effects of the Baiap2 variant in the developing mouse cortex. We found that Baiap2 knockdown caused abnormalities in neuronal migration, morphogenesis and differentiation. Expression of the p.Arg29Trp variant failed to rescue the migration defect, suggesting a loss-of-function effect. Mechanistically, the variant interfered with the ability of BAIAP2 to localize to the cell membrane. These results suggest that the functions of BAIAP2 in the cytoskeleton, cell morphogenesis and migration are important for cortical development and for the pathogenesis of lissencephaly in humans.
The muscle stem cell niche at a glance
Authors: Hung Margaret , Lo Hsiao-Fan , Jones Grace E. L. , Krauss Robert S. 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
Skeletal muscle stem cells (MuSCs, also called satellite cells) are the source of the robust regenerative capability of this tissue. The hallmark property of MuSCs at homeostasis is quiescence, a reversible state of cell cycle arrest required for long-term preservation of the stem cell population. MuSCs reside between an individual myofiber and an enwrapping basal lamina, defining the immediate MuSC niche. Additional cell types outside the basal lamina, in the interstitial space, also contribute to niche function. Quiescence is actively maintained by multiple niche-derived signals, including adhesion molecules presented from the myofiber surface and basal lamina, as well as soluble signaling factors produced by myofibers and interstitial cell types. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and accompanying poster, we present the most recent information on how niche signals promote MuSC quiescence and provide perspectives for further research.
Connecting theory and experiment in cell and tissue mechanics
Authors: Schwayer Cornelia , Brückner David B. 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
Understanding complex living systems, which are fundamentally constrained by physical phenomena, requires combining experimental data with theoretical physical and mathematical models. To develop such models, collaborations between experimental cell biologists and theoreticians are increasingly important but these two groups often face challenges achieving mutual understanding. To help navigate these challenges, this Perspective discusses different modelling approaches, including bottom-up hypothesis-driven and top-down data-driven models, and highlights their strengths and applications. Using cell mechanics as an example, we explore the integration of specific physical models with experimental data from the molecular, cellular and tissue level up to multiscale input. We also emphasize the importance of constraining model complexity and outline strategies for crosstalk between experimental design and model development. Furthermore, we highlight how physical models can provide conceptual insights and produce unifying and generalizable frameworks for biological phenomena. Overall, this Perspective aims to promote fruitful collaborations that advance our understanding of complex biological systems.
Microtubule association of TRIM3 revealed by differential extraction proteomics
Authors: Glover Hannah L. , Mendes Marta , Gomes-Neto Joana , Rusilowicz-Jones Emma V. , Rigden Daniel J. , Dittmar Gunnar , Urbé Sylvie , Clague Michael J. 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
The microtubule network is formed from polymerised tubulin subunits and associating proteins, which govern microtubule dynamics and a diverse array of functions. To identify novel microtubule-binding proteins, we have developed an unbiased biochemical assay, which relies on the selective extraction of cytosolic proteins from U2OS cells, while leaving behind the microtubule network. Candidate proteins are linked to microtubules by their sensitivities to the depolymerising drug nocodazole or the microtubule-stabilising drug taxol, which is quantitated by mass spectrometry. Our approach is benchmarked by co-segregation of tubulin and previously established microtubule-binding proteins. We then identify several novel candidate microtubule-binding proteins, from which we have selected the ubiquitin E3 ligase tripartite motif-containing protein 3 (TRIM3) for further characterisation. We map TRIM3 microtubule binding to its C-terminal NHL-repeat region. We show that TRIM3 is required for the accumulation of acetylated tubulin, following treatment with taxol. Furthermore, loss of TRIM3 partially recapitulates the reduction in nocodazole-resistant microtubules characteristic of α-tubulin acetyltransferase 1 (ATAT1) depletion. These results can be explained by a decrease in ATAT1 following depletion of TRIM3 that is independent of transcription.
Spin-leap performance by cetaceans is influenced by moment of inertia
Authors: Fish Frank E. , Nicastro Anthony J. , Cardenas Kaitlyn L. , Segre Paolo S. , Gough William T. , Kahane-Rapport Shirel R. , St. Leger Judy , Goldbogen Jeremy A. 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
Cetaceans are capable of extraordinary locomotor behaviors in both water and air. Whales and dolphins can execute aerial leaps by swimming rapidly to the water surface to achieve an escape velocity. Previous research on spinner dolphins demonstrated the capability of leaping and completing multiple spins around their longitudinal axis with high angular velocities. This prior research suggested the slender body morphology of spinner dolphins together with the shapes and positions of their appendages allowed for rapid spins in the air. To test whether greater moments of inertia reduced spinning performance, videos and biologging data of cetaceans above and below the water surface were obtained. The principal factors affecting the number of aerial spins a cetacean can execute were moment of inertia and use of control surfaces for subsurface corkscrewing. For spinner dolphin, Pacific striped dolphin, bottlenose dolphin, minke whale and humpback whale, each with swim speeds of 6–7 m s−1, our model predicted that the number of aerial spins executable was 7, 2, 2, 0.76 and 1, respectively, which was consistent with observations. These data implied that the rate of subsurface corkscrewing was limited to 14.0, 6.8, 6.2, 2.2 and 0.75 rad s−1 for spinner dolphins, striped dolphins, bottlenose dolphins, minke whales and humpback whales, respectively. In our study, the moment of inertia of the cetaceans spanned a 21,000-fold range. The greater moments of inertia for the last four species produced large torques on control surfaces that limited subsurface corkscrewing motion and aerial maneuvers compared with spinner dolphins.
Διδακτική μαθησιακή ακολουθία για εισαγωγική διδασκαλία στο εργαστήριο Φυσικής Λυκείου
Authors: Κατέρης Αλέξανδρος , Τσούκος Σεραφείμ , Λάζος Παναγιώτης , Τζαμαλής Παύλος , Βελέντζας Αθανάσιος 
Published: December 2023

Στην παρούσα εργασία παρουσιάζεται μια διδακτική μαθησιακή ακολουθία (ΔΜΑ) με σκοπό την εξοικείωση των μαθητών/τριων με βασικές έννοιες που αφορούν στην διδασκαλία της φυσικής στο εργαστήριο (μέτρηση- αβεβαιότητα- μέση τιμή) καθώς και την άσκησή τους στη λήψη μετρήσεων και την επεξεργασία δεδομένων. Συγκεκριμένα παρουσιάζεται, το σκεπτικό δόμησης της ΔΜΑ, η δομή, τα ευρήματα από την εφαρμογή και τα σημεία βελτίωσης μετά την ανατροφοδότηση από την εφαρμογή της. Συζητούνται οι δυσκολίες που συνάντησαν οι μαθητές και γίνονται προτάσεις προς εκπαιδευτικούς με βάση τα ευρήματα.
Ανάπτυξη ψηφιακού παιχνιδιού για τη διαπραγμάτευση κοινωνικο-επιστημονικών ζητημάτων κλιματικής αλλαγής με μαθητές Δημοτικού
Authors: Μανουρά Ιωάννα , Κοκολάκη Αθανασία , Σταύρου Δημήτριος , Παπαδοπούλου Πηνελόπη 
Published: December 2023

Η παρούσα εργασία στοχεύει στην ανάπτυξη ψηφιακού παιχνιδιού που θα προωθεί την αναγνώριση της πολυπλοκότητας των κοινωνικοεπιστημονικών ζητημάτων (ΚΕΖ) κλιματικής αλλαγής, δηλαδή των ποικίλων παραγόντων που εμπλέκονται σε αυτά, σε μαθητές δημοτικού. Στην εμπειρική έρευνα συμμετείχαν 18 μαθητές Ε’ τάξης που εφάρμοσαν το ψηφιακό παιχνίδι. Δεδομένα συλλέχθηκαν μέσω ηχογραφήσεων κατά την εφαρμογή του παιχνιδιού και συνεντεύξεων μετά από κάθε πίστα. Τα δεδομένα αξιοποιήθηκαν για την αξιολόγηση του παιχνιδιού και αναδεικνύουν αφενός την επικέντρωση των μαθητών κυρίως στους κοινωνικούς και περιβαλλοντικούς παράγοντες των ΚΕΖ κλιματικής αλλαγής και αφετέρου τη δυνατότητα του παιχνιδιού να υποστηρίζει την αναγνώριση της πολυπλοκότητας των ΚΕΖ.
Overconfidence in Probability Distributions: People Know They Don’t Know, but They Don’t Know What to Do About It
Authors: Soll Jack B. , Palley Asa B. , Klayman Joshua , Moore Don A. 
Published: December 2023

Overconfidence is pervasive in subjective probability distributions (SPDs). We develop new methods to analyze judgments that entail both a distribution of possible outcomes in a population (aleatory uncertainty) and imperfect knowledge about that distribution (epistemic uncertainty). In four experiments, we examine the extent to which subjective probability mass is concentrated in a small portion of the distribution versus spread across all possible outcomes. We find that although SPDs roughly match the concentration of the empirical, aleatory distributions, people’s judgments are consistently overconfident because they fail to spread out probability mass to account for their own epistemic uncertainty about the location and shape of the distribution. Although people are aware of this lack of knowledge, they do not appropriately incorporate it into their SPDs. Our results offer new insights into the causes of overconfidence and shed light on potential ways to address this fundamental bias. This paper was accepted by Yuval Rottenstreich, behavioral economics and decision analysis. Funding: Support for this research was provided by the Fuqua School of Business at Duke University and the Haas School of Business at the University of California at Berkeley. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2019.00660 .
Safe Bets, Long Shots, and Toss-Ups: Strategic Engagements Between Activists and Firms
Authors: Holburn Guy L. F. , Maxwell John W. , Bonardi Jean-Philippe 
Published: December 2023

We use a game-theoretic model to examine how different types of activist motivation affect strategic interactions between an activist and a firm in the context of a threatened adversarial engagement, in which the activist can benefit from “warm glow” and media publicity as well as from firm compliance with activist demands. The model yields novel predictions about when firms prefer to self-regulate to pre-empt a contested engagement, how vigorously firms defend themselves against the activist’s attack if an engagement occurs, and a new taxonomy of engagements, characterized by offensive and defensive strategies and the likelihood of activist success. The model predicts that when warm glow and campaign-driven wins are important motivations for activists, safe bet and long shot types of engagements are more likely to occur: These tend to be lower expenditure skirmishes where one party has a clear advantage and where a pre-emptive settlement is infeasible. By contrast, firms and activists are more likely to negotiate self-regulation that pre-empts resource-intensive toss-up engagements where each side is evenly matched and expends significant effort. Our findings contribute to strategic management research by developing new insights about how firms respond to different activist motivations and types of engagements. We explore extensions of the model and discuss implications for future empirical and theoretical research on the management of activist relations. This paper was accepted by Joshua Gans, business strategy. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.01638 .
Estimating and Mitigating the Congestion Effect of Curbside Pick-ups and Drop-Offs: A Causal Inference Approach
Authors: Liu Xiaohui , Qian Sean , Teo Hock-Hai , Ma Wei 
Published: December 2023

Curb space is one of the busiest areas in urban road networks. Especially in recent years, the rapid increase of ride-hailing trips and commercial deliveries has induced massive pick-ups/drop-offs (PUDOs), which occupy the limited curb space that was designed and built decades ago. These PUDOs could jam curbside utilization and disturb the mainline traffic flow, evidently leading to significant negative societal externalities. However, there is a lack of an analytical framework that rigorously quantifies and mitigates the congestion effect of PUDOs in the system view, particularly with little data support and involvement of confounding effects. To bridge this research gap, this paper develops a rigorous causal inference approach to estimate the congestion effect of PUDOs on general regional networks. A causal graph is set to represent the spatiotemporal relationship between PUDOs and traffic speed, and a double and separated machine learning (DSML) method is proposed to quantify how PUDOs affect traffic congestion. Additionally, a rerouting formulation is developed and solved to encourage passenger walking and traffic flow rerouting to achieve system optimization. Numerical experiments are conducted using real-world data in the Manhattan area. On average, 100 additional units of PUDOs in a region could reduce the traffic speed by 3.70 and 4.54 miles/hour (mph) on weekdays and weekends, respectively. Rerouting trips with PUDOs on curb space could respectively reduce the system-wide total travel time (TTT) by 2.44% and 2.12% in Midtown and Central Park on weekdays. A sensitivity analysis is also conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed framework. Funding: The work described in this paper was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant 52102385], grants from the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China [Grants PolyU/25209221 and PolyU/15206322], a grant from the Otto Poon Charitable Foundation Smart Cities Research Institute (SCRI) at the Hong Kong Polytechnic University [Grant P0043552], and a grant from Hong Kong Polytechnic University [Grant P0033933]. S. Qian was supported by a National Science Foundation Grant [Grant CMMI-1931827]. Supplemental Material: The e-companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2022.0195 .
Exploring language performance in people with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease: a prospective longitudinal study
Authors: Masumi Jafar , Gharamaleki Fatemeh Fekar , Gilani Neda , Noroozian Maryam , Khatoonabadi Ahmad Reza 
Published: December 2023

Background/Aims Language changes are the earliest signs and symptoms of mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. The aim of this study was to explore the language difference performance between people with mild cognitive impairment, people with Alzheimer's disease and healthy individuals as a control group. To accomplish this aim, the language profile of both mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease needs to be characterised to determine which feature is more affected by both mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease among expressive language, receptive language, executive function and memory performance. Methods This case-control prospective study involved 90 participants. The Mini-Mental Status Examination and the Functional Assessment Staging Tool were used to classify the participants into three groups: people with mild cognitive impairment, people with Alzheimer's disease and healthy individuals as a control group. Then, the language performance of patients in the mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease groups was investigated and compared with those of the control group by using the Barnes Language Assessment. The groups were reassessed 6 months later to see if there was any change in language ability. Results The results showed that the mild cognitive impairment group and Alzheimer's disease group had significant decreases in expressive language (P>0.01), executive function (P>0.01), receptive language (P>0.01) and memory skills (P>0.01) from baseline to the reassessment at 6 months. Conclusions Language deficits, especially expressive language deficits, could appear before impairment in executive function, receptive language and verbal episodic memory in participants with mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer's disease. Speech and language therapists can use the findings of this study to design and implement treatment programmes.