bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Signal recognition by input‐output correlation in associative neural networks
Authors: Nishimura Haruhiko , Doho Hirotaka , Katada Naofumi 
Published: January 2003

AbstractInstead of the conventional static memory model based on an associative memory neural network, this paper proposes a dynamic memory model that is extended to the input‐output system in order to allow interaction with external information. Based on the time correlation between the input signal and the network output, we analyze and investigate the network response to stored, nonstored, and mixed stored pattern signals, and the parameter dependencies inherent in the model. The possibility of a new mechanism, the chaotic dynamic model, which discriminates and identifies pattern signal information by combining the dynamic memory model with its extension is shown to be possible. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 86(5): 54–64, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.10022
Numerical verification of nonexistence of solutions for separable nonlinear equations and its application to all solutions algorithm
Authors: Nakaya Yusuke , Oishi Shin'ichi , Kashiwagi Masahide , Kanzawa Yuchi 
Published: January 2003

AbstractIn this paper, the objective is to derive with guaranteed accuracy all solutions of a finite‐dimensional nonlinear equation within a certain range. In order to derive all solutions, it is important to extract efficiently the regions in which no solution exists. A new method is proposed in which nonexistence of solutions in a given region is judged with guaranteed accuracy. By solving specific numerical examples, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 86(5): 45–53, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.10023
A nonlinear recursive least squares algorithm for crosstalk‐resistant noise canceler
Authors: Umayahara Masaaki , Iiguni Youji , Maeda Hajime 
Published: January 2003

AbstractIn this paper, a method of updating filter coefficients is proposed in which the RLS (Recursive Least Squares) algorithm is applied to a noise canceler with a filter for crosstalk removal. The RLS algorithm has an advantage over the Least Mean Square algorithm by virtue of better convergence. When the filter coefficients are updated including the filter for crosstalk removal, the error signal becomes nonlinear in terms of filter coefficients. Hence, a nonlinear RLS algorithm is derived in which such nonlinearity is taken into account. It is shown that the convergence is further improved in comparison with the conventional RLS algorithm. Finally, a method is proposed to reduce the noise contained in the transmitted voice signals of telephone by means of the present noise canceler and its effectiveness is evaluated. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 86(5): 36–44, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.10039
Watermarking schemes using the addition property among DCT coefficients
Authors: Kuribayashi Minoru , Tanaka Hatsukazu 
Published: January 2003

AbstractIn general, a signal embedded in the low‐frequency components of an image is less likely to be affected by attack. However, there is a problem of substantial degradation of image quality. In particular, if each divided block is processed, the blocking effects generated between adjacent blocks is more easily perceived. In this paper, an embedding method without blocking effects is proposed, making effective use of the superposition of the low‐frequency components in the two‐dimensional DCT basis images. Due to the effect of superposition of the two‐dimensional DCT bases, the watermark information is not detected directly from the block with embedding, but extraction is performed from the subblocks in the block. In the proposed method, in order to provide robustness against geometrical transformation, the synchronization is recovered prior to extracting the watermark information. The robustness can be further enhanced by means of error correcting code. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 86(5): 11–23, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.10048
Vehicle recognition system in infrared images using IMAP parallel vision board
Authors: Kagesawa Masataka , Ueno Shinichi , Ikeuchi Katsushi , Kashiwagi Hiroshi 
Published: January 2003

AbstractRecently, research on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) has advanced, and its practical application has expanded to the image applications of measuring the traffic flow and detecting unusual events. In this paper, we describe a more advanced vehicle model identification technology, that is, a technology for detecting a particular model (model B of company A). This method does not read license plates or involve communication between the vehicle and the road, but identifies the vehicle model by using only roadside equipment. This algorithm recognizes the model by voting based on the arrangement of local features and has the following characteristics: (1) Detection is possible even if the target vehicle is occluded; (2) There is no dependence on the traveling position of the target vehicle; and (3) The vehicle region does not have to be extracted from the input image. First, we verify the above advantages in outdoor experiments by confirming the ability of the method called the eigenwindow method to recognize a specific model in the traffic flow. Next, we report on the successful improvement in the processing speed without a drop in the recognition accuracy by slightly modifying the implementation and using an image processing board. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 86(5): 1–10, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.10065
Network broadcast system using low bit‐rate audio coding technology
Authors: Kaneko Takao , Miki Satoshi , Moriya Takehiro , Iwakami Naoki 
Published: January 2003

AbstractThe VQVision network broadcast system, which can issue and distribute signals of high‐fidelity music and video images in real time based on the use of best‐effort networks that do not guarantee the transmission bandwidth of a LAN or the Internet, has been developed. Streaming signal distribution without sound interruptions has been realized by reducing the amount of data transmitted to about 1/18 to 1/88 of the original sound, without degrading the quality of music, by incorporating the TwinVQ low‐bit‐rate audio coding technology. This technology has been adopted as an ISO/IEC MPEG‐4/Audio International standard for compressed transmission processing of music. In addition, the speed of the music encoder has been increased by the newly developed multithreaded high‐speed encoder processing technology, and a self‐synchronizing scheme for renewing received images in synchronization with audio data packets has been designed and loaded. On the basis of these features, scheduled broadcasting or multicast live broadcasting of images and high‐fidelity music at bandwidths up to stereo CD bandwidth is performed by software developed without using dedicated encoder hardware and the like. Evaluations of the performance of this network broadcast system show that an encoder speed increase by a factor of up to 1.5 to 2 can be achieved by multithreading, and that high performance allowing simultaneous compression coding and transmission of a signal to a server in real time can be obtained even in live broadcasting in CD‐bandwidth stereo if dual CPUs operating at a clock frequency of 300 MHz are used. In addition, it has been found that network broadcasting signals composed of images at 15 frames/s and CD‐bandwidth stereo audio of a quality close to that of the original audio on a 512 kbit/s network band can be received without interruption, with a very small delay time of about 0.7 s from the time of its transmission. In addition, the reproduction timings of audio and images coincide exactly, even 24 hours from the beginning of signal reception. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 86(5): 89–102, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.10096
Impulse noise removal technique considering directional difference of image signal
Authors: Hashimoto Yuuhei , Kajikawa Yoshinobu , Nomura Yasuo 
Published: January 2003

AbstractIn the problem of restoration of images degraded by impulsive noise, a method has been proposed to eliminate impulsive noise by using the noise position image formed with noise detectors. However, such a method estimates the signal values of the pixels to be processed by using only the nondegraded pixels within the filter window. Hence, if the majority of the window is occupied by impulsive noise, the signal information needed for estimation becomes insufficient and the estimation accuracy is significantly reduced. In addition, in the previous method, average value filters and median filters are used for estimation of the signal value of the processing points. No processing has been included that takes account of the directionality (shape) of image signals such as edge components and detail components. In the present paper, a new noise elimination filter is proposed that attempts to improve restoration accuracy by addressing these two problems. In the proposed filter, first the degraded pixels within the filter window are precompensated for the problem of insufficient original signal pixels in the filter window, and then the signal values at the processing points are estimated by the filter once sufficient signal information is obtained. Preservation of the directionality of the image signals is improved by extending the directional difference filter. Its effectiveness is verified by real image processing results. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 86(5): 65–75, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.1149
An implementation of edge‐preserving filters using layered fuzzy controllers with learning
Authors: Wada Yuji , Muneyasu Mitsuji , Taguchi Akira , Hinamoto Takao 
Published: January 2003

AbstractA filter using fuzzy inference has been proposed as a noise reduction filter for images with superposed mixed noise and its effectiveness has been demonstrated. When fuzzy inference is used, the optimization of its parameters is often a problem. For instance, Takashima and colleagues have proposed a configuration consisting of a cascaded connection of fuzzy controllers for impulsive noise and Gaussian noise. It is difficult to carry out optimization of both fuzzy controllers at the same time. In this paper, an optimization method is proposed for fuzzy controllers cascaded or connected in a layered manner. This method is applied to the fuzzy controller in the edge‐preserving nonlinear filter proposed by Takashima. In this way the structure is extended to a tunable filter. From the simulation results, it is found that the proposed method is effective for performance enhancement of the filter and is also effective for adjustment of fuzzy controllers connected in a layered manner. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 86(5): 76–88, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.1150
Characterisation of Chilean hazelnut (Gevuina avellana) tissues: light microscopy and cell wall polysaccharides
Authors: Dourado Fernando , Vasco Pedro , Barros António , Mota Manuel , Coimbra Manuel A , Gama Francisco M 
Published: January 2003

AbstractBy applying several differential staining techniques and light microscopy, the structure and composition of Chilean hazelnut (Gevuina avellana) seeds were analysed. The structure of the G avellana seed is very simple, with a thin, heavily lignified seed coat and two voluminous cotyledons. The embryo food reserves are uniformly distributed over the cotyledon cells. The cell wall polysaccharides were recovered from the alcohol‐insoluble residue by mild treatment with warm chlorite solution and sequential extraction with alkali solutions of increasing concentration. FT‐IR spectra in the 1200–850 cm−1 region were used together with chemometric techniques to distinguish the hemicellulosic and pectic polysaccharides in the extracts. The most abundant extracts were fractionated by graded precipitation in ethanol. A xyloglucan was identified by 1H and 13C NMR as the major hemicellulosic polysaccharide, with a sugar composition of 4Glc:3.5Xyl:1Gal:0.5Fuc. The hazelnut cell walls are composed of equivalent amounts of pectic polysaccharides, xyloglucans and cellulose.© 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
Granulation sensing of first‐break ground wheat using a near‐infrared reflectance spectrometer: studies with soft red winter wheats
Authors: Pasikatan Melchor C , Haque Ekramul , Spillman Charles K , Steele James L , Milliken George A 
Published: January 2003

AbstractA near‐infrared reflectance spectrometer, previously evaluated as a granulation sensor for first‐break ground wheat from six wheat classes and hard red winter (HRW) wheats, was further evaluated for soft red winter (SRW) wheats. Two sets of 35 wheat samples, representing seven cultivars of SRW wheat ground by an experimental roller mill at five roll gap settings (0.38, 0.51, 0.63, 0.75 and 0.88 mm), were used for calibration and validation. Partial least squares regression was applied to develop the granulation models using combinations of four data pretreatments (log(1/R), baseline correction, unit area normalisation and derivatives) and subregions of the 400–1700 nm wavelength range. Cumulative mass of size fraction was used as reference value. Models that corrected for path length effects (those that used unit area normalisation) predicted the bigger size fractions well. The model based on unit area normalisation/first derivative predicted 34 out of 35 validation spectra with standard errors of prediction of 3.53, 1.83, 1.43 and 1.30 for the >1041, >375, >240 and >136 µm size fractions respectively. Because of less variation in mass of each size fraction, SRW wheat granulation models performed better than the previously reported models for six wheat classes. However, because of SRW wheat flour's tendency to stick to the underside of sieves, the finest size fraction of these models did not perform as well as the HRW wheat models.© 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
Starch and fibre distribution in maize silages in relation to particle size
Authors: Fernandez I , Michalet‐Doreau B 
Published: January 2003

AbstractIn a first trial the particle size distribution of four maize silages was measured by two different sieving methods, dry and wet sieving. Particle size distribution was quantified by three values, mean particle size, extent of dispersion, and proportion of large particles. Wet sieving separated particles better than dry sieving and was more suitable for measuring maize silage particle size. In a second trial the particle size distribution of 10 maize hybrids grown in the same conditions was measured by wet sieving. Starch proportion in large particles varied widely between maize hybrids, from 39.7 to 82.4%, against a variation from 75.4 to 100% for cell wall proportion in the same class of particles, and these variations might be predicted by dry matter distribution.© 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
Tomatine, chlorophyll, β‐carotene and lycopene content in tomatoes during growth and maturation
Authors: Kozukue Nobuyuki , Friedman Mendel 
Published: January 2003

AbstractTomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) plants synthesise nutrients, pigments and secondary metabolites. These include the green pigment chlorophyll, the yellow pigment β‐carotene, the red pigment lycopene and the colourless glycoalkaloid α‐tomatine. The levels of these compounds are strongly influenced by the maturity of the tomatoes. Widely consumed Japanese tomato varieties Momotaro, Momotaro‐T93 and First Memory at five different stages of ripeness, each harvested at 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 days after flowering of the plants, were analysed for the contents of these compounds. Additionally, tomato clusters from different locations along the vine on the same plant were also evaluated. The results show that chlorophyll and tomatine concentrations decrease rapidly during the growth of the tomatoes. By contrast, β‐carotene and lycopene levels are low in immature and high in mature tomatoes. The location of the tomato clusters and tomato variety did not significantly affect these results. The possible usefulness of these results to optimise health‐promoting effects of tomatoes is discussed.© 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
Impact of mammalian enzyme pretreatment on the fermentability of carbohydrate‐rich feedstuffs
Authors: Bauer Eva , Williams Barbara A , Voigt Christina , Mosenthin Rainer , Verstegen Martin W A 
Published: January 2003

AbstractSeveral carbohydrate‐rich substrates (spent brewer's grains, potato peel, potato starch, wheat bran, sugarbeet pulp and a maize‐based standard diet for pigs) were pretreated with digestive enzymes, and the in vitro fermentability of these treated substrates and their untreated counterparts was assessed using the cumulative gas production technique. A comparison was also made between the enzyme‐treated (ET) and untreated (UT) standard diet for pigs, and chyme which originated from pigs fed that diet, to determine whether the enzyme treatment resulted in material with similar fermentability to that reaching the large intestine in vivo. The enzyme pretreatment was performed according to a modified in vitro method of Babinszky et al (J Sci Food Agric 50:173–178 (1990)). Generally, it was shown that the fermentabilities of the ET and UT substrates were different. There was also a significant difference between the fermentation characteristics of the ET diet and chyme. Chyme produced less gas (P < 0.05), and the time at which half of the gas had been produced (C) occurred later (P < 0.05). The maximum rate of fermentation (R
M) was slower for chyme (P < 0.05). Fermentation of chyme led to more ammonia (P < 0.05) and a tendency to more volatile fatty acids at the end of fermentation. These differences in fermentability of the ET diet and chyme (from pigs fed the same diet) may be the result of differences which relate purely to the action of the enzymes chosen to work in vitro, compared with those which are actually present in vivo. However, the results also suggest that it is not only enzymatic digestion which is occurring in the small intestine. This is an important consideration when using ileal techniques to determine digestibility of feedstuffs.© 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of gamma irradiation and sodium hydroxide treatment on the debittering of olive (Olea europaea) fruits
Authors: Al‐Bachir Mahfouze 
Published: January 2003

AbstractThe effect of gamma irradiation and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) treatment on the debittering of olive (Olea europaea, var Surrany) fruits was investigated. Fruits were treated with 1, 2 or 3 kGy of gamma irradiation at a dose rate of 669 Gy h−1. Irradiated and unirradiated fruits were processed with NaOH solution (11 g l−1) for 3 or 6 h and washed once per day for 3 days. The fruits were then immersed in brine (56 g l−1 sodium chloride) and stored for 12 months at room temperature. Dissolved organic and inorganic solids, Na+, K+ and Ca2+ contents, pH and electrical conductivity values were determined in the debittering solutions (lye, rinse and washing waters) and brines. Gamma irradiation significantly (p < 0.05) increased the dissolved organic and inorganic solids and the Na+ and K+ concentrations in the debittering solutions when the fruits were treated with NaOH for 3 h. On the other hand, gamma irradiation had no significant effect on these parameters, except for an increase in K+ concentration, when using NaOH solution for 6 h. Gamma irradiation with NaOH treatment for 3 h decreased the concentration of Ca2+ in the debittering solutions, whereas irradiation and treatment with NaOH solution for 6 h increased its concentration.© 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
Stabilisation of colour and odour of beef patties by using lycopene‐rich tomato and peppers as a source of antioxidants
Authors: Sánchez‐Escalante Armida , Torrescano Gastón , Djenane Djamel , Beltrán José Antonio , Roncalés Pedro 
Published: January 2003

AbstractBeef patties containing natural antioxidants—cayenne hot pepper, red sweet pepper, lycopene‐rich tomato pulp (LRTP) and extract of tomato rich in lycopene (Lyc‐O‐Mato™)—and packaged in modified atmosphere were evaluated for storage stability at 2 ± 1 °C by measuring CIE a* values, surface metmyoglobin, TBARS, psychrotrophic bacteria counts and sensory off‐odour and discolouration. Results demonstrated that the addition of ground peppers (both sweet and hot) to beef patties delayed and inhibited very significantly (p < 0.05) the oxidation of both myoglobin and lipid as well as the growth of psychrotrophic bacteria. As a consequence, and according to instrumental and sensory results of meat colour and odour, the shelf life of beef patties was extended from about 4 to about 16 days. Capsaicinoid‐rich cayenne hot pepper exerted a more intense antioxidative effect than capsaicinoid‐free red sweet pepper. The addition of lycopene‐enriched tomato products (LOM and LRTP) was not as effective as treatment with peppers, although they exerted a significant (p < 0.05) antioxidative effect too, depending on the lycopene concentration. These tomato products delayed meat deterioration to a varying extent, so that the shelf life of treated beef patties ranged between 8 and 12 days.© 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of processing treatments on the characteristics of juices and still ciders from Ontario‐grown apples
Authors: Wilson Sarah M , Le Maguer M , Duitschaever C L , Buteau Carole , Allen O Brian 
Published: January 2003

AbstractRecent interest in the commercial production of cider in Ontario, Canada revealed a lack of information on cider prepared from apples grown in North America. A study was conducted using locally grown culinary and dessert varieties of apples, since there is a lack of true cider varieties grown in Ontario. Four processing methods (treatments) were evaluated with respect to their effect on juice and cider characteristics; the chemical and microbiological characteristics of the juices and still ciders are reported. Sulphite addition to the juice at the time of juice extraction had no effect on the characteristics evaluated. Storage of fruits at 13 °C until they showed signs of shrivelling or senescence decreased juice yield and affected titratable acidity and pH levels of juices and ciders. Freezing fresh apples and thawing prior to processing produced juices that did not undergo keeving and had higher mould and yeast populations; methanol was present in juices and ciders from thawed apples. The significant effects of storage and freezing on apple juice characteristics should be taken into account when considering a delay in the processing of apples for cider production.© 2003 Society of Chemical Industry