bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Promoting men's health through sports clubs: a rapid realist review
Authors: Timm A , Van Hoye A , Sharp P , Andersen T H , Krustrup P , Hansen L , Corsten K H , Iversen P B , Rod M H , Klinker C D 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Traditional health promotion interventions have failed to engage men. Sports clubs offer male-friendly health promotion settings for men, but little is known about implementable intervention strategies and subsequent effects. This rapid realist review (RRR) aims to identify context, mechanisms and effects of health promotion interventions targeting men by or in collaboration with sports clubs.

Methods
The RRR methodology was developed in collaboration with a panel of Danish practice and policy representatives and international academics. A systematic literature search was conducted in February 2023 for studies published after 2013 in MEDLINE, Embase, and SportDiscus databases and through grey literature sources. Included studies: 1) targeted men aged 18+ years, 2) reported health promotion outcomes, and 3) were delivered primarily by or in collaboration with sports clubs.

Results
Fifty-two studies were included. Preliminary analyses indicate that interventions delivered through sports clubs show promise for engaging men with high cardiometabolic risk and producing favorable health outcomes. Preliminary findings from the realist synthesis show that if men felt a strong attachment to the sports club (context), it resonated with their feelings of social identity which outweighed a former reluctance to attend health programs (mechanism), and thus increased the men's likelihood for program engagement and health behavior change (outcome).

Conclusions
Our study indicates that men's health promotion through sports clubs is emergent. While great strides have been made to increase men's involvement in health promoting activities by delivering interventions through sports clubs, research has predominantly focused on select behaviours (e.g., physical activity), sub-groups (e.g., sports fans) and predominantly Caucasian, overweight, middle-aged men.
Mapping provision and evaluation practices in local community health and wellbeing programmes delivered by professional sports clubs in the United Kingdom: A practice-based targeted review
Authors: Brazier J , Foster C , Towsend N , Murphy J , Northcote M , Smith A 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Professional sports clubs (PSCs) are potentially effective settings for health promotion, however, their role within policy is unclear. Potential reasons include lack of awareness about existing provision of health and wellbeing (H&W) programmes delivered, and adequacy of monitoring and evaluation (M&E) practices. This review aimed to: (i) map the provision of H&W programmes delivered by PSCs in the United Kingdom (UK); and (ii) explore current M&E practices of PSCs and consider the policy implications of this. To conduct this practice-based targeted review, websites from eight professional sport leagues were hand-searched for programmes and impact reports, amounting to the inclusion 116 PSCs. Suitable programmes were quantified, whilst impact reports were analysed via inductive documentary content analysis. Results identified 127 H&W programmes that met our inclusive criteria. A total of 36 impact reports were retrieved, presenting engagement figures and anecdotal case studies as the most common evaluation methods. Additionally, 43 H&W impact statements were identified within the impact reports, but only 14 were aligned to specific H&W outcomes. None were supported by measurement-tool-driven data, and reporting of data collection timeframes and participant numbers were also rare. Findings illuminate the provision of H&W programmes delivered by UK-based PSCs and their health promotion priorities. However, the H&W aims of programmes are typically vague, measurement tools are rarely used, and evaluations are usually anecdotal which may limit the potential uptake of these programmes and PSCs generally in relevant public health policy. Further research is thus needed on the challenges faced when seeking to monitor and evaluate programmes effectively and to build a stronger evidence base for the use of PSCs as vehicles of health promotion.
The experience of racial discrimination among ethnic minority healthcare professionals in Ireland
Authors: Thompson C 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Racial discrimination towards ethnic minorities permeates healthcare systems of many countries. This study aimed to strengthen the understanding of the experience of racial discrimination among ethnic-minority healthcare professionals in Ireland. The objective was to explore the lived experience of racial discrimination and its impact on the health and well-being of nurses and doctors in this local context.

Methods
Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis was used to explore participants' experiences. Purposive and snowball sampling strategies were used to recruit sixteen ethnic minority nurses and physicians, working in diverse roles across Irish private and public healthcare sectors. In-depth semi-structured interviews were employed to collect data. A brief questionnaire was used to obtain information on participants’ demographic profiles.

Findings
Ethnic minority healthcare professionals experienced racial discrimination from colleagues, patients, and families; and this discrimination was interpersonal, structural, and institutional. Three core themes, and a number of related sub-themes, were identified; including: (1) Experiences of racial discrimination ((a) overt and subtle, (b) excessive reporting, (c) lack of safe space and trust, (d) being overlooked), (2) Responses to racial discrimination ((a) navigating racism, (b) tolerating in silence, (c) surviving and thriving, (d) seeking support); and (3) Impact of racial discrimination ((a) psychological impacts, (b) physical impacts, and (c) financial impact).

Conclusions
This study demonstrated that ethnic minority healthcare professionals have experienced racial discrimination in the Irish healthcare setting, which significantly impacted their health and well-being. By giving voice to these healthcare professionals, this study highlighted challenges facing Irish healthcare systems and the need for drastic change.
Are there social inequalities in caesarean section rates in Europe?
Authors: Smith L , Farr A , Zurriaga O , Cuttini M , Verdenik I , Vidal Benedé M J , Kearns K , Sakkeus L , Philibert M , Scott S 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Lower socioeconomic status (SES) is strongly associated with adverse perinatal health outcome, such as preterm birth and stillbirth. We investigated whether the caesarean section (CS) rate, which may reflect a greater prevalence of maternal health complications, was also higher in disadvantaged populations.

Methods
The study uses aggregate routine birth data from European countries collected with the Euro-Peristat federated analysis protocol. We analysed CS rates (total births by CS/total births) by SES from 2015 to 2020. Mothers’ education level (primary/lower secondary; upper secondary; postsecondary) was the preferred SES indicator; if unavailable, parents’ occupation or area-based deprivation scores were used and harmonised into three groups (low, medium, high).

Results
17 countries provided data on maternal education, 5 on area-based deprivation, 1 on parents’ occupation. CS rates ranged from 16.7% (Lithuania) to 48.5% (Cyprus) in the low SES group and from 16.8% (the Netherlands) to 55.2% (Cyprus) in the high SES group. Patterns across SES groups were diverse, with greater use of CS in higher SES groups (Croatia: 19.6%, 24.1%, 26.7% and Ireland: 30.3%, 33.4%, 35.5% for low, medium and high SES respectively), whereas elsewhere, more disadvantaged SES groups had higher CS rates: Italy: 37.1%, 35.2%, 33.7%, Denmark: 22.0%, 21.9%; 19.8% and Luxembourg: 34.5%, 33.2%, 29.9%. In some countries, rates were similar across groups (France: 21.3%, 20.7%, 21.3% and the Netherlands: 17.2%, 17.0%, 16.8%). Risk ratios of CS in low versus high SES groups ranged from 0.74 (95% CI R0.70-0.77) in Croatia to 1.15 (95% CI 1.12-1.19) in Luxembourg.

Conclusions
Our results do not show that CS was consistently associated with social disadvantage. Instead, we found surprising variations in the SES gradient between countries, raising questions about CS practices and their interaction with maternal characteristics in European countries.
Adverse childhood experiences, social participation and multimorbidity risk in Europe
Authors: Deschenes S , Simmons C , Elsden E , McInerney A , Lowry E , Rodrigues R 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are linked to multimorbidity, but evidence from longitudinal research on potential macro and micro-level protective factors is lacking. We investigated the associations between ACEs, social participation, national health expenditure, and their interactions, with the risk of developing multimorbidity in later life.

Methods
Data from 25,885 adults aged 50+ from 15 countries in the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) were analyzed. ACEs (separation from parents, household dysfunction, hunger, property loss) and social participation (community, political, religious, or charity participation) were measured in Waves 3 (2009) and 4 (2011), respectively. Multimorbidity was defined as the simultaneous presence of two or more conditions (diabetes, cancer, heart disease, stroke, depression) in Waves 5-8 (2013-2019). Country-level health expenditure per capita (2011) was included. Multilevel logistic regression models nested within countries tested associations and interactions in unadjusted and adjusted (n = 14,478) analyses.

Results
16.3% developed multimorbidity, 19.3% reported ACEs, and 47.7% were socially active in their communities. ACEs, social participation, and health care expenditure were each uniquely associated with the odds of incident multimorbidity, and results held when adjusting for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors (OR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.18,1.47; OR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.78, 0.94; OR = 0.9998, 95% CI = 0.9997,0.9999, respectively). Multiple imputation for missing covariates demonstrated similar results. No significant interactions were found.

Conclusions
ACEs were associated with increased multimorbidity risk, and although social participation and health expenditure were associated with lower risk, they did not mitigate the impact of ACEs. Policies aimed at preventing ACEs and promoting social participation among older adults may be beneficial in reducing the risk of multimorbidity in later life.

Key messages
• ACEs are associated with an increased risk of multimorbidity in later life.
• While social participation and greater national health expenditure are associated with lower multimorbidity risk, these factors do not mitigate the impact of ACEs.
Migrant workers in European informal health care settings
Authors: Trummer U 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Care for the elderly in Europe increasingly depends on migrant carers, both in institutionalised and informal care settings. For the latter, the vulnerability of migrant carers working in private households has been described in several studies. Austria is a EU member state that made attempts to legalise the grey labour market of home care by several legislative changes, providing a framework of regulations to foster inclusion of migrant care workers into schemes of social protection. It can serve as an example how attempts of inclusion also make room for in-built mechanisms of exclusion, and how public health issues are related to economic considerations of a “care market”, with migrant workers as important, yet rather voiceless, stakeholders.
One Health good practices across the European Region: the co-production of a Compendium
Authors: Dente M G , Robbiati C , Pireddu R , Marcheggiani S , Maugliani A , Riccardo F , Mantovani A , Seravesi S , Simonelli M , Bertinato L 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Issue/problem
The international and scientific community has been calling for many years to strengthen prevention and preparedness to threats at the human-animal-environment interface by integrating a systemic approach, such One Health (OH). Furthermore, the COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the importance of OH to enhance health security. However, at the national level, governments are delaying the integration of OH in their public health systems or in national health plans.

Description of the problem
The WHO Regional Office for Europe is supporting the elaboration of a Compendium of operationalized and/or implemented OH practices within the Region, highlighting enabling factors and lessons learnt to promote OH adoption, in line with the One Health Joint Plan of Action 2022-2026 (OH JPA) of the Quadripartite Organizations. The Compendium is part of the efforts of the WHO European Region 2024-2030 strategy and it responds to the recommendations of the 2021 Pan-European Commission on Health and Sustainable Development.

Results
OH practices within the European Region are identified through a rapid review and are validated with stakeholder interviews to select those concretely supporting OH operationalization and implementation. The practices are described according to the following characteristics: country, sector, OH JPA action track, OH principles, disciplines and stakeholders involved. Specific additional attributes, like innovation, sustainability, efficacy, replicability and advancement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), are supporting the process of inclusion in the Compendium.

Lessons
Lessons learned from the practices provide a framework for action to scale up OH within the Region and globally. Collective action for OH operationalization and implementation in preventing, preparing for, detecting, and managing health threats at national and local level is advanced, supporting the achievement of key SDGs, with an up-to-date vision according to the OH JPA.

Key messages
• OH good practices within the European Region are collected in a Compendium to promote and guide OH approaches integration in national plans and to enhance health security in the Region and globally.
• The Compendium supports multisectoral and multistakeholder actions for OH operationalization and implementation, with an up-to-date vision supporting the OH JPA and the achievement of key SDGs.
Barriers to the effective implementation of One health policies against AMR in the EU
Authors: Dates M , Davies M 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Funded by the EU4Health 2021 Programme, Tetra Tech conducted a study for the European Commission on the “Barriers to the effective implementation of policies against antimicrobial resistance (AMR)” in the EU Member States, Norway and Iceland. The study provides input to support the EU's overall goal to combat AMR by improving the development and implementation of One Health national action plans (NAPs) which, in turn, shall contain effective measures in infection prevention and control and prudent use of antimicrobials. The research was conducted under the following study areas: development and implementation of One Health NAPs, infection prevention and control (IPC) measures in hospitals and long-term care facilities (LTCFs); antimicrobial stewardship measures (AMS) in hospitals, LTCFs, primary care and pharmacies. The research revealed some common problems across all countries, such as insufficient funding to deliver on the measures foreseen in the NAPs, the shortages of qualified staff at all levels of care, the lack of measures targeting LTCFs specifically, the limited involvement of pharmacies in AMS, and the disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in the health sector. The barriers affect each country differently but they are nevertheless common to all, independently of their size and socio-economic situation. Limitations to deliver on the NAPs objectives were also due to lack of other resources besides funding and staff: old infrastructure, insufficient material and equipment, as well as testing capacity, inadequate information systems. Other barriers identified include: limited political focus and awareness of the challenges brought by AMR; lack of operational plans for delivering on the NAPs; lack of harmonised indicators for monitoring the implementation of plans; limited coverage of AMR, AMS and IPC in education and training; and limited public awareness of AMR.

Key messages
• Countries face common barriers to the effective implementation of One health policies against AMR, such as lack of dedicated funds, shortages of qualified staff, and disruptions caused by the pandemic.
• Actions are needed for improving the implementation of One Health national action plans in the EU, including effective measures in infection prevention and control and prudent use of antimicrobials.
Incidence and persistence of post-COVID condition in children – a matched cohort study in Germany
Authors: Ehm F , Wende D , Loser F , Vivirito A , Menzer S , Batram M , Buschmann T , Sarganas G , Scheidt-Nave C , Schmitt J 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Long-term health effects of COVID-19 have been investigated by several large cohort studies. As most of these studies have been conducted in adults, data on the incidence and persistence of post-COVID-19 condition (PCC) among children and adolescents are still limited.

Methods
Using routine healthcare data from statutory health insurance in Germany, children and adolescents with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 in 2020 were matched to controls (neither documented nor clinically suspected COVID-19) and followed for incident health conditions until 2021-09-30. To study PCC in children we considered selected health outcomes including malaise/fatigue (R53), dyspnea (R06.0), and cognitive dysfunction (F06.7, U51, R41), developmental delay (F80-89), adjustment disorder (F43), chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS; G93.3), and altered smell/anosmia (R43). The incidence of PCC was determined based on the lack of related diagnoses in the 12 months preceding the index quarter. For each outcome incidence rate ratios (IRR) were estimated using Poisson regression.

Results
At 3-month-follow-up, about 40% more individuals with COVID-19 suffered from at least one of the specified health conditions compared to controls. IRR were highest for smell/anosmia and CFS. IRR were generally higher among adolescents (≥12 years) than among younger children. Only a minority of PCC diagnoses persisted for 12 months within the COVID cohort. Diagnoses were more frequently persistent in the younger age group after one year.

Conclusions
Despite that long-term consequences of COVID-19 are less common and usually less severe in children, a considerable share of those diagnosed with PCC still suffered from specific symptoms 12 months after acute infection. Considering the high number of infected persons our findings suggest a relevant PCC related burden for health care even among children and adolescents.

Key messages
• In routine healthcare data adolescents showed stronger associations between COVID-19 and post COVID-19 related ICD-10 diagnoses than children &lt; 12 years of age.
• Serious ICD-10 diagnoses persisted for a longer time in younger children than adolescents.
Adoption of a multicomponent intervention to improve HPV vaccination in France: a mixed methods study
Authors: Bocquier A , Bruel S , Gagneux-Brunon A , Gauchet A , Le Duc-Banaszuk A S , Michel M , Mueller J E , Thilly N ,   PrevHPV Study Group
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
HPV vaccine coverage (VC) in France has always been lower than in most high-income countries. As part of the PrevHPV project, we developed and evaluated a school-based multicomponent intervention to improve HPV VC among French adolescents. We assessed the adoption of the PrevHPV intervention among secondary schools and its associated factors.

Methods
We carried out a pragmatic cluster randomized controlled trial (April 2021-June 2022) in 14/25 French school districts. The cluster was the municipality. Municipalities were eligible if there was only one secondary school and most inhabitants aged 11-14 years attended this school. We then contacted the head of the school to ask him/her to participate in the study. Based on the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation and Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework, we described municipalities’ exclusions, schools participation and associated factors (Chi2, t-tests). We also used qualitative data from six focus groups with participating school staff to explore facilitators and barriers to adoption at the school level.

Results
Compared to non-eligible municipalities (n = 2658), eligible ones (n = 1205) were smaller, less urban and deprived, with lower accessibility to general practitioners. Out of 346 randomly selected municipalities, 91 (26%) accepted to participate. Participating schools were smaller and located in more deprived municipalities than non-participating ones. During the trial, 31/91 (34%) schools discontinued intervention; we did not identify any characteristic associated with discontinuation. Qualitative data showed that several contextual factors can influence adoption at the school-level: human resources (school staff availability, turnover and attitudes towards vaccination, especially for school nurses); material (e.g. computer equipment) and financial resources; parents’ attitudes towards vaccination.

Conclusions
These results can guide policy making on school-based HPV vaccine promotion in France and Europe.

Key messages
• The PrevHPV project is supported by the French health authorities and conducted by a multidisciplinary consortium to tackle a long-lasting public health concern in France.
• Should the intervention prove effective, these results are expected to help stakeholders scale-up the school-based PrevHPV intervention in France and other European countries.