bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics and outcomes of patients with tricuspid regurgitation and advanced heart failure
Authors: Pagnesi Matteo , Riccardi Mauro , Chiarito Mauro , Stolfo Davide , Baldetti Luca , Lombardi Carlo Mario , Colombo Giada , Inciardi Riccardo Maria , Tomasoni Daniela , Loiacono Ferdinando , Maccallini Marta , Villaschi Alessandro , Gasparini Gaia , Montella Marco , Contessi Stefano , Cocianni Daniele , Perotto Maria , Barone Giuseppe , Merlo Marco , Cappelletti Alberto Maria , Sinagra Gianfranco , Pini Daniela , Metra Marco , Adamo Marianna 
Published: January 2024

Aims
To evaluate the role of tricuspid regurgitation in advanced heart failure.

Methods
The multicenter observational HELP-HF registry enrolled consecutive patients with heart failure and at least one ‘I NEED HELP’ criterion evaluated at four Italian centers between January 2020 and November 2021. Patients with no data on tricuspid regurgitation and/or receiving tricuspid valve intervention during follow-up were excluded. The population was stratified by no/mild tricuspid regurgitation vs. moderate tricuspid regurgitation vs. severe tricuspid regurgitation. Variables independently associated with tricuspid regurgitation, as well as the association between tricuspid regurgitation and clinical outcomes were investigated. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality.

Results
Among the 1085 patients included in this study, 508 (46.8%) had no/mild tricuspid regurgitation, 373 (34.4%) had moderate tricuspid regurgitation and 204 (18.8%) had severe tricuspid regurgitation. History of atrial fibrillation, any prior valve surgery, high dose of furosemide, preserved left ventricular ejection fraction, moderate/severe mitral regurgitation and pulmonary hypertension were found to be independently associated with an increased likelihood of severe tricuspid regurgitation. Estimated rates of 1-year all-cause death were of 21.4, 24.5 and 37.1% in no/mild tricuspid regurgitation, moderate tricuspid regurgitation and severe tricuspid regurgitation, respectively (log-rank P < 0.001). As compared with nonsevere tricuspid regurgitation, severe tricuspid regurgitation was independently associated with a higher risk of all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio 1.38, 95% confidence interval 1.01–1.88, P = 0.042), whereas moderate tricuspid regurgitation did not.

Conclusion
In a contemporary, real-world cohort of patients with advanced heart failure, several clinical and echocardiographic characteristics are associated with an increased likelihood of severe tricuspid regurgitation. Patients with severe tricuspid regurgitation have an increased risk of mortality.
Universities and Education in Orthodontics
Authors: Brown T. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
Educators are faced with the realization that dental practice has advanced to such an extent that it is now unrealistic to expect a graduate to have mastered all the basic science knowledge and necessary clinical skills by the time he completes the traditional five-year curriculum. The increased utilization of dental auxiliaries in treatment situations throws doubt on the wisdom of continuing our present system of education which attempts to graduate one type of dentist who has moderate skills in all branches of general dentistry. A pathway curriculum would go a long way towards producing dentists with the special expertise that will be required in the future.
Should orthodontists be general practitioners of dentistry first? If the answer to this question is ‘Yes’, then it will be difficult to achieve any substantial increase in orthodontic training in the traditional dental curriculum and the gap between orthodontist and general practitioner will remain. If the answer is ‘No’, then the pathway approach provides the Chance of commencing some orthodontic education at an earlier time by including much of the basic science and clinical training thought to be essential but excluded from conventional undergraduate courses. In addition, this system would at last break down the technical approach to dentistry that underlies many of the profession’s problems today.
Mechanical Analysis of the Begg Torquing Auxiliary
Authors: Leaver S. R. , Nikolai R. J. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
An experimental program was undertaken to evaluate the four-spur torquing auxiliaries used in the Begg technique of orthodontic treatment. A laboratory testing apparatus was specifically designed for torque research; it enables separation of the torque from other incisor force system components. Three wire sizes and two spur angles were studied; lingual root torque and vertical displacements and forces associated with wire/bracket engagement and deactivation of the torquing auxiliary were measured for various angular. positions of the incisors. Twelve specimens for each of six subsamples were prepared and tested; the data were statistically analyzed.
Five of six of the auxiliaries tested were capable of sufficient torque to place the incisors at the desired finished angulation. Torsional stiffness of the auxiliary increased with increased wire size, but deactivation rate appears to be independent of spur angle. No auxiliary generated sufficient torque to exceed an average value in an optimum torque range, the value derived systematically and judged to be physiologically acceptable. Lingually-directed holding forces against the incisors were quantified and Class II elastics sizes suggested in relation to torque magnitudes to place incisor centers of rotation at bracket level or slightly occlusal thereto.
Activation of lingual root torque with the auxiliary produces a vertical displacement potential in the incisor area; extrusive forces generated without allowance for this phenomenon were found to be of substantial magnitude. Suggestions toward nullifying this undesirable side effect, which is generally magnified by the presence of Class II mechanics, concluded this project.
Dental attrition in a South Indian skull
Authors: Scheck Samuel 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The skull of a twentieth-century man presented by chance and was recognised as an example of attritional occlusion. It was photographed and x-rayed and seemed to be a worthy supplement to Begg’s classic work. It demonstrates severe loss of tooth structure from attrition, both occlusally and interproximally, resulting in reduction of tooth width and height. Interproximal loss of tooth substance results in a mesial inclination of the posterior teeth. ‘X-occlusion’ is found to be functional in origin, rather than hereditary, and caused by the reverse bucco-lingual obliquity of the occlusal plane. The arches accommodate all the teeth, including the third molars, without crowding or protrusion. A study of this case sheds additional light on the causes of Modern Man’s anomalous occlusion. Relevance to orthodontic analysis and treatment is noted.
Stereo-pair three-dimensional imaging of microvascular architecture in primate dental tissues
Authors: Lee David , Sims Milton R. , Sampson Wayne J. , Dreyer Craig W. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The morphology of microvascular beds in dental tissues is poorly documented at the ultrastructural level. SEM stereo-pair imaging of microcorrosion casts reveals the markedly contrasting vascular architecture and capillary anastomoses within the nasopalatine foramen, soft palate and gingival regions of the marmoset. This primate was studied as an analogue for man to further our knowledge of periodontal anatomy and function.
The face - an orthodontic perspective
Authors: Crawford Edward C. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Orthodontic treatment has the capacity of effecting many changes to patients. For better or worse, our society places a high value on physical beauty, and straight teeth make a positive contribution to facial attractiveness. We must think of our patients more as human faces rather than a set of malaligned teeth. Along with our capability of improving facial features we have an equal responsibility to avoid a deterioration. Providing basic guidelines are followed in patient assessment, treatment planning and treatment execution, orthodontic services can provide an enhancement to the faces and lives of our patients.
A review of the literature on the prevalence of Class III malocclusion and the mandibular prognathic growth hypotheses
Authors: Vuuren Christiaan van 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
From this review of the literature it appears that we may draw the following conclusions. The incidence of Class III malocclusions is at most 4.2% (Goose et al. 1957, Ast et al. 1965; Knowles 1966, Thylander and Myrberg 1973). The development of various condyle growth hypotheses have lead us to believe that the condyle behaves in a rather unique manner. The condyle does not appear to be an epiphysis, neither does it behave the same as the cranium. It is a unique cartilaginous structure that cannot grow against intermittent or continuous forces (Copray 1985). The cybernetic model as proposed by Petrovic and co workers (1977) that eloquently describes the condyle to be stimulated by a cybernetic switch that connects to the periodontal ligament also does not seem to have much validity. It appears that the lateral pterygoid muscle and the temporo-mandibular condylar frenum have been ascribed capabilities that do not comply to the results of condylotomy studies. Gorette-Nicaise, Awn, and Dhem (1983) as well as the study by Whetten, and Johnston (1985) have shown that neither the absence of the lateral pterygoid muscle nor the physical volumetric expansion of the airway increases condylar growth. It appears that increase in the pressure applied to the condyle could decrease condyle cell proliferation (Armstrong 1961; Thilander 1963; 1965: Janzen and Bluher 1965; Graber 1969; Petrovic 1972; Graber and Muller 1974; Graber 1975;) with resulting growth attenuation. Accordingly, condylar growth is controlled by physical restraint, the absence which leads to incremental growth. The presence of mechanical pressure of adequate duration and magnitude, thus, should limit growth of the young actively growing condyle.
Lower incisor angulation differences in Class II Division 1 malocclusions with and without full ‘lip trap’
Authors: Lew Kenneth K.K. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
A cephalometric study was designed to investigate whether a difference in lower incisor angulation exists in Class II division 1 malocclusion subjects with and without the presence of a Iower lip trap. Chinese subjects (N=40) with Class II division 1 malocclusions who demonstrated a complete lower lip trap were compared to an equal number of subjects with a partial lip trap. Intergroup comparisons of several cephalometric parameters indicated the presence of statistically significant differences in both the degree of lower incisor proclination/retroclination (p<0.01) and the magnitude of the overjet (p<0.05). In the complete lip trap group, the )ower incisor was more retroclined and the overjets were also statistically larger than the partial lip trap group.
Reliability of eruption rate measurements of the rat incisor
Authors: Taverne Aart A. R. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The reliability of the easy method to measure rat tooth eruption proposed by Schour and Van Dyke has frequently been challenged. To assess its true trustworthiness an experiment was set up using three different groups of rats and two different methods for eruption assessment. One group was used for ‘control’. The second group received a potent lathyrogen, while the third group was used as pair-fed+ for the second group. Measurements were made clinically and radiographically. Comparison between the three groups led to the conclusion that the much easier and less expensive method, using the clinical manual measuring method is reliable and may be used in future calculations of eruption rate of rat incisors. It furthermore provides an excellent method to assess the lathyrogenic condition of these animals.
Effects of adjuvants on the effectiveness and rainfastness of rimsulfuron in potato
Authors: Alebrahim M.T. , Kalkhoran E.S. , Majd R. , Khatami S.A. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
Adjuvants are used with herbicides to increase their efficacy. In this study, it was demonstrated that the application of 0.1% of the non-ionic surfactant (NIS, Contact) and 0.5 L ha−1 of a crop oil concentrate (COC, Renol) did not improve the efficacy of rimsulfuron on Amaranthus retroflexus. In contrast, the same treatments enhanced performance and rainfastnes of rimsulfuron in Chenopodium album. Increasing non-ionic surfactant concentration to 1 L ha−1 increased rimsulfuron performance around 10-fold for A. retroflexus compared to around 3-fold for C. album. The same treatment reduced 12-fold the rainfastness of rimsulfuron on A. retroflexus while improving 2-fold the rainfastness of rimsulfuron on C. album. Measured ED50 and ED90 doses of rimsulfuron indicated that the addition of the 0.2 L ha−1 of NIS improved the recommended (60 g a.i. ha-1) and the reduced (30 g a.i. ha−1) dose effect of rimsulfurom in potato crop in the field. The highest potato yield was recorded (60 tons per ha) when 60 g ai. ha−1 of rimsulfuron was applied at three growth stages [leaf development (S1) + vegetatively propagated organs (S4) + development of tuber (S7)] of the crop without using a NIS; not significant differences were measured when the same dose of rimsulfuron was applied at the three (S1, S4, and S7) and two (S1, S4) growth stages with NIS.
Is the Global Competitiveness Index by the World Economic Forum a reliable tool for the design of labor market policies? Evidence from Latin American countries
Authors: Vera Celia P. , Rendon Silvio 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Most of the competitiveness gap in Latin America is due to its labor market, one of the areas with the highest rates of subjective indicators in the Global Competitiveness Index (GCI). This paper analyzes the subjective component of the GCI in the labor market area and discusses its accuracy for policy advice. We focus on the set of countries that highly rely on the GCI for policy advice and highlight that the perception of business executives of the labor market as rigid contrasts with the significant experience of flexibilization policies undertaken in the region over the past 3 decades. We show that the GCI has been largely constructed with opinion data from large firms, a business sector that accounts for <5% of total firms in the countries of study. Furthermore, the questionnaire exhibits obvious flaws. Thus, we do not find that the GCI provides a solid base for policy advice.
Meloidogyne spp. in Eucalypts - Reproduction and Damage to Seedling Growth
Authors: Lopes Vieira José Olívio , Cunha Pereira Renata , Mangeiro Mariana Zandomênico , Moreira Souza Ricardo 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Eucalypts are cultivated worldwide, but little is known about their status as hosts of root-knot nematodes (RKN) (Meloidogyne spp.). Moreover, information is scarce regarding the nature of the damage caused by RKN to eucalypt seedlings and trees. To investigate these aspects, we separately inoculated Meloidogyne enterolobii, M. javanica and M. incognita in seedlings of the world’s most cultivated eucalypts: Eucalyptus dunni, E. grandis, E. cloeziana, E. camaldulensis, E. saligna, Corymbia citriodora, and the hybrid E. grandis × E. urophylla. After six months of greenhouse cultivation, we assessed nematode reproduction and variables that expressed the seedlings’ shoot and root growth. We observed a diverse pattern of host statuses to RKN among the eucalypts, and all three Meloidogyne species reduced (p < 0.05) the root system mass, volume and length of E. grandis, E. saligna and the hybrid E. grandis × E. urophylla. Our results reaffirm previous reports indicating that RKN can delay the growth of seedlings in nurseries, who should thus adopt appropriate sanitary measures to avoid RKN establishment and spread. Moreover, the damage caused by RKN to eucalypts after just six months of cultivation suggests that the growth of eucalypt trees may be affected over the course of several years of cultivation.
A Comparison of Maximum Permissible Concentrations for Pesticides in Brazilian Water Supply
Authors: Leite Luan Carlos Octaviano Ferreira , Boulomytis Vassiliki Terezinha Galvao , Alberti Marcio Alexandre , Silva Luciene Pimentel da 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Pesticides have been used for a long time in agriculture to prevent the growth of undesired organisms. However, depending on the type of production (i.e., conventional, organic, and regenerative), they might not be applied. Adequate types and uses of pesticides should not cause any damage to any non-target species or environments due to the exposure to it, especially if all farming operations have been done properly. Reversely, when pesticides are applied in inappropriate time, amount or technique, they may cause several impacts, among which is water contamination. Brazil stands out worldwide for its agricultural potential, but it is exposed to risks concerning the water supply security to its population. The current study is a comparison of the Maximum Permissible Concentrations (MPC) for pesticides in potable water supply in Brazil with the values set in the United States, Canada, European Union countries, Japan, and the guidelines issued by the World Health Organization. The regulations of each country were used, as well as the trading, consumption and agricultural production data. The Brazilian regulation is the one accounting for the largest number of pesticides. However, their MPC is 5,000 times more permissible than that from the European Union for the herbicide known as glyphosate, 300 times than that for 2,4-d and 20 times than that for atrazine. Finally, it was possible to observe the relevance of revising the regulation and public policies in place to minimize the indiscriminate use of pesticides in Brazil and adapt these compounds to the standards in a global level.
Studies on Potential Pests of Japanese Quince (Chaenomeles japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. ex Spach) in Latvia
Authors: Gailis Jānis , Jakobija Inta , Jakobsone Edīte , Ozoliņa-Pole Laura , Rancāne Regīna , Salmane Ineta 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The objective of this research was to study potential pests of Japanese quince (Chaenomeles japonica) plantations in Latvia. Studies were carried out in eight plantations during 2017–2019. Major pests that would regularly cause significant yield losses for this plant were not observed. Black-veined white (Aporia crataegi) was considered a local pest, mass outbreaks of which can occur in individual plantations and cause significant losses of plant foliage. Four species were considered minor pests: garden chafer (Phyllopertha horticola), yellow-banded weevil (Chlorophanus viridis), silver-green weevil (Phyllobius argentatus) and copse snail (Arianta arbustorum); they are also pests of plant foliage. The European red spider mite (Panonychus ulmi) was not considered as a pest of Japanese quince. A small population was observed in summers only in one plantation, which was located next to a heavily infested orchard. Overwintering eggs were not found on the plants in any year, and we concluded that the species was an accidental immigrant in this plantation. No aphid (Aphididae) colonies were observed on the quince plants. Monitoring and evaluation of potential harmfulness of four tortrix moths – large fruit-tree tortrix (Archips podana), rose tortrix (Archips rosana), codling moth (Cydia pomonella) and holly tortrix (Rhopobota naevana) – was done. It was concluded that rose tortrix is a minor fruit pest, but the other three species were not yet considered pests of Japanese quince. Significant pests of quince flowers and fruits were not detected in our study.
Chemical Composition of Soybean Harvested in Different Stages of Maturity and Its Suitability for Forage Production
Authors: Sterna Vita , Jansons Imants , Jansone Inga , Damskalne Margita 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Climatic conditions for soybean cultivation in Latvia are challenging because of their variability. In addition, the sum of sunlight hours and the ratio of temperature and precipitation required to produce a quality crop are unpredictable. There is a risk that even early soybean varieties will not ripen due to weather conditions in a region. Studies show that soybean plants, including the green part of the crop, are well suited for animal nutrition prepared as hay or silage. The aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition of different soybean varieties harvested before ripening and assess them as hay or silage raw material. Weight, protein, fat, ash, fibre, acid detergent fibre (ADF) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) of soybean varieties ‘Erica’, ‘Bolgar’ and ‘Viola’ green mass were determined at different stages of maturity. The results of the study showed a significant increase in protein (from 9.18% to 12.06%) and fat (from 1.18% to 4.40%) content of the dry matter variety ‘Bolgar’ from September to October. The protein content of the dry soya green mass was not affected by variety at the same developing stage but significantly changed among different stages of maturity. As the plant develops, the sucrose content in the green mass increases, the same as the total sugar content.
Environmental Sustainability Aspects in Short Food Supply Chains: the Views of Organic Farmers and Consumers
Authors: Ušča Maija , Aļeksējeva Lāsma 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Globally, food systems are the most significant cause of environmental change; therefore, efforts to create more environmentally sustainable food systems are presented. One of the directions is strengthening the local actors and short food supply chains. Simultaneously, changes in farming systems are needed, and organic agriculture is one of the ways to make food systems more environmentally sustainable. Despite the abundance of research on the environmental consciousness of consumers in short food supply chains, the question is raised whether local food chain farmers are also committed to environmental sustainability. Therefore, this paper aims to explore the importance of environmental sustainability to organic short food supply chain actors. More specifically, the research depicts the views of organic farmers and consumers and their relation to the actual environmental sustainability of short food supply chains. During the research, a specific short food supply chain – a direct purchasing network – was explored. A qualitative approach was applied to reach the aim. Thus, in-depth interviews and observations were used as a research method. The research results demonstrated the views of farmers and consumers of the specific network regarding environmental sustainability aspects in the network. In the research, such environmental aspects as the circularity of resources, biodiversity, chemicals in the environment, seasonality and locality of diets, and the distance (food miles) were admitted as crucial ones by the specific short food supply chain actors. The differences in opinions of consumers and farmers emerged when thinking about the scale of their views.