bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Work Disability Duration Among Mobile Workers
Authors: Macpherson Robert A. , Tamburic Lillian , Neis Barbara , McLeod Christopher B. 
Published: January 2024

Objective
The aim of the study is to compare work disability duration of intraprovincially and interprovincially mobile workers with nonmobile workers in British Columbia, Canada.

Methods
Workers’ compensation claims were extracted for workers injured between 2010 and 2019. Employer and residential postal codes were converted to economic regions to define nonmobile, intraprovincially, and interprovincially mobile workers. Quantile regression models using matched cohorts were used to estimate differences in work disability days at different percentiles of the distribution.

Results
Compared with nonmobile workers, both mobile worker groups had longer work disability durations, particularly interprovincially mobile workers. Differences persisted in injury-stratified models and were partially or fully attenuated in some industry-stratified models.

Conclusions
Workers’ compensation systems, employers, and healthcare providers may need to tailor specific interventions for mobile workers who are from out-of-province as well as traveling between regions in the province.
Outcomes for a Heat Illness Prevention Program in Outdoor Workers
Authors: Perkison William B. , Schaefer Caroline M. , Green-McKenzie Judith , Roy Rachel White , Shofer Frances S. , McCarthy Ronda B. 
Published: January 2024

Objective
To describe the outcomes effect of removing the medical surveillance component from a heat illness prevention program (HIPP) for outdoor workers from a Central Texas municipality.

Methods
Heat-related illness (HRI) frequency and workers’ compensation (WC) cost were assessed retrospectively in a cohort of 329 workers from 2011–2019. During 2011–2017, the HIPP included training, acclimatization, and medical surveillance. In 2018–2019, a modified (mHIPP) was implemented that included training and acclimatization, but without medical surveillance.

Results
The HRI rate during HIPP averaged 19.5 per 1000 workers during the first 4 years, dropped to 1.01 per 1,000 workers over the next 3 years, (2015-2017), and increased during mHIPP, to 7.6 per 1,000 workers.

Discussion
Although the case increase during the mHIPP was small, medical surveillance may be an important component in lowering workforce HRI.
Occupational Medicine Physicians Transition to Retirement
Authors: Stave Gregg M. , Burton Wayne N. , Heron Richard J.L. , Baase Cathy , Thirumalai Rajgopal 
Published: January 2024

Objective
The aim of the study is to understand the needs and interests of occupational medicine physicians (OMPs) as they transition to retirement.

Methods
An electronic survey was distributed through member organizations in the United States (ACOEM), United Kingdom (SOM/FOM), India (IAOH), South Africa (SASOM), and Medichem.

Results
Four hundred ninety-seven OMPs at various career stages responded, including 282 from the United States, 97 from the United Kingdom, 36 from India, 30 from South Africa, and 52 from other countries. Two hundred seventy-eight work full-time, 160 part-time, and 58 are not doing paid work. Approximately 60% serve as volunteers. Sixty percent have a written financial plan. Thirty-five percent are very comfortable with their retirement plans. After leaving full-time work, 85% plan to work part-time. There is a high level of interest in learning about opportunities for part-time work and volunteering.

Conclusions
Occupational medicine physicians are very interested in learning more about compensated and uncompensated work in retirement.
Sigmoid colonic metastasis from a squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix: A rare case report with literature review
Authors: Li Minhua , Zheng Weiping 
Published: January 2024

Rationale:
As the third most common cancer in women, cervical cancer usually spreads to adjacent organs. Distant metastasis from the cervix to the gastrointestinal tract is an extremely rare occurrence.

Patient concerns:
Herein, we present a rare case of a 57-year-old woman who was treated by hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the uterine cervix. A metastatic location in the sigmoid colon was revealed after 8 years causing an acute intestinal obstruction in this patient.

Diagnoses:
Final surgical pathology showed an invasive lesion with squamous differentiation in full thickness of the colon wall from mucosa to serosa. Meanwhile, the results of immunohistochemistry (IHC) showed the cancer cells were positive for CK5/6, P63, P40, and P16 confirming the diagnosis of metastatic sigmoid colonic carcinoma originating from SCC of the uterine cervix.

Interventions:
Sigmoid colon resection with lymph node dissection followed by adjuvant chemotherapy (paclitaxel, carboplatin, and paprillizumab) was performed on the patient.

Outcomes:
The patient was disease-free 16 months after surgery.

Lessons subsections:
SCC is one of the rare malignant tumors of the gastrointestinal tract occurring as either a primary or secondary lesion. However, the secondary SCC of the colon has a poorer prognosis compared with the primary SCC. Therefore, colonic metastasis must be considered in the differential diagnosis of acute intestinal obstruction, especially in patients with the medical history of SCC in other organs.
Beyond the knife: strategic patient selection for cytoreductive nephrectomy
Authors: Brönimann Stephan , Ged Yasser , Singla Nirmish 
Published: January 2024

Purpose of review
To evaluate the current role of cytoreductive nephrectomy (CN) in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) within the context of evolving treatment paradigms, focusing on implications for patient selection.

Recent findings
Two randomized trials failed to show significant benefits from CN for intermediate and poor-risk patients undergoing targeted therapy. Despite this, subgroup analysis and retrospective data suggest potential benefits for a subset of good and intermediate-risk patients. Although currently used risk stratification tools guide CN eligibility, they have limitations, including, subjectivity, perioperative variability, and missing validation. Deferred CN may benefit patients responding to systemic treatment, whereas other patients may benefit from upfront CN. Emerging data supports the value of CN with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in selected patients, emphasizing the need for ongoing trials in the ICI era.

Summary
The role and timing of CN in mRCC have evolved across therapeutic eras. Although awaiting prospective evidence in the current era of ICI, CN still has a role in the therapeutic approach for a subset of patients. The decision to recommend CN must be personalized and involve multidisciplinary discussions considering both patient- and tumor-related factors.
Effectiveness of perineural administration of dexamethasone with lidocaine on onset time of sensory block and early postoperative analgesia in axillary brachial plexus block: a prospective cohort study, Ethiopia
Authors: Mola Simeneh , Girma Betelihem 
Published: January 2024

Introduction:
The axillary brachial plexus block is a popular nerve block for forearm, wrist, and hand surgery. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of perineural administration of dexamethasone as an adjunct to lidocaine with adrenaline on the onset of sensory block and early postoperative analgesia in trans-arterial axillary brachial plexus block.

Methodology:
This single-centered prospective cohort study recruited 68 adult patients, 34 in each groups. The frequently used 8 mg dexamethasone combined with 1% lidocaine and adrenaline was investigated. The normality of the data was checked using the Shapiro–Wilk test. An independent t-test was used to compare the mean values of symmetric numeric data. Categorical variables between the two groups were analyzed using χ2. The Mann–Whitney U test and Kaplan–Meier method using the log-rank test were used to compare asymmetric numeric data, and a P-value of <0.05 was considered as significant.

Results:
The median onset time of sensory block was comparable between the nonexposed (24(6) min) and exposed group (24(6) min) (P=0.068). However, the duration of sensory block was significantly longer in the exposed group (235.5±37.51 min) than the nonexposed group (172.76±28.19 min) (P<0.001). The time to the first analgesic request was significantly longer in the exposed than the nonexposed group (P<0.01). Postoperative pain scores were significantly lower at 4 and 8 h in the exposed group (P<0.05).

Conclusion and recommendations:
The addition of 8 mg dexamethasone to 1% lidocaine with adrenaline solution in trans-arterial axillary brachial plexus block for ambulatory elective hand, wrist, and forearm surgeries prolonged the duration of sensory blockade and the first analgesic request time but did not reduce the onset time of sensory block. The authors recommend the addition of 8 mg dexamethasone to 1% lidocaine with adrenaline solution to prolong the duration of sensory block and the first analgesic request time.
The Use of Standardized Patients to Teach Communication Skills—A Systematic Review
Authors: Rutherford-Hemming Tonya , Herrington Alaina , Ngo Thye Peng 
Published: January 2024

Objectives
The aim of this systematic review was to synthesize research completed between 2011 and 2021 to report the current state of the science on the use of standardized patients (SPs) to teach communication skills. The research question that guided this study was, “Among health care professionals, does the use of SP methodology as a means of teaching communication skills result in improved learner knowledge, skills, attitudes, and/or patient outcomes when compared with other simulation methodologies?”

Design
This review was reported in line with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA).
Data Sources
Four databases (CINAHL, Ovid Embase, Ovid Medline, and Scopus) were searched using a combination of medical subject headings, or Mesh terms, as well as keywords to retrieve nonindexed citations.
Review Methods
The inclusion criteria were broad to complete a comprehensive search of the literature. To be eligible for inclusion, a study had to be original research that compared simulation using an SP to another simulation methodology. The study had to evaluate communication knowledge, skill, attitude, and/or patient outcome with an academic or practicing health care professional.

Results
The initial database search strategy yielded 8058 citations. These results were narrowed down to 18 studies through an in-depth analysis of each article using identified inclusion criteria. The SPs were superior to role play in 1 (33%, n = 3) study where knowledge was evaluated, 6 (75%, n = 8) studies where skills were evaluated, and 1 (20%, n = 5) study where attitude was evaluated. The SPs were compared with a manikin in 5 studies. The SPs were superior to a manikin in 3 (60%, n = 5) studies where knowledge was measured and in 1 (100%, n = 1) study where attitude was measured. No study measured the outcome knowledge of an SP to a manikin. Finally, SPs were compared with a virtual SP in 3 studies. When knowledge was evaluated, SPs were superior to a virtual SP in 1 study (100%, n = 1). When skills were evaluated, SPs were superior to a virtual SP in 1 study (50%, n = 2), and when attitude was evaluated, SPs were superior to a virtual SP in no study (0%, n = 2). No study evaluated patient outcomes in the comparison of an SP to another simulation methodology.

Conclusions
Studies show a weak indication that SP-based education is superior to other simulation methodologies in most contexts. However more rigorous studies with larger sample sizes, validated instruments, and effects on patient outcomes are needed to definitively determine the optimal method/modality for teaching communication to health care professionals.
A Standardized Education Program on Deceased Organ and Tissue Donation for Premedical and Medial Students in Korea
Authors: Jeon Hee Jung , Lee Samuel , Seo Soohyeon , Yoo Byungmin , Kim Donguk , Yi Gaeun , Lee Jun Beom , Kim Suji , Oh Jieun , Han Hee Chul , Park Byungil , Lee Taerim , Moon In Sung , Kim Yeong Hoon , Ahn Curie , Yoon Hyun Bae 
Published: January 2024

Background.
As the imbalance in organ demand and supply is getting worse, <1000 patients waiting for organ transplants die each year in South Korea. To enhance positive attitudes to deceased organ–tissue donation through systematic education, we developed an educational program with delivery pathways for premedical and medical students.

Methods.
Online and offline self-learning educational materials on deceased organ–tissue donation were generated and posted on the Vitallink Academy YouTube site. Thirty-two pre- and 15 posteducation questionnaires were developed using a web-based survey platform, and conducted before and immediately after the education process. The education proceeded in 3 steps: (1) group study sessions on selected topics, (2) poster submissions by each group and the selection of excellent poster by the organizing committee, and (3) excellent poster presentation and questions and answers.

Results.
A total of 141 students in the first year of premedical classes at the Seoul National University College of Medicine participated in this program. Only 24.2% of responders agreed that anyone who was diagnosed with brain death should donate. The proportion of students with positive attitudes toward organ–tissue donation increased from 74.7% to 97.7% (P < 0.001) with our education. Likewise, interest in deceased organ–tissue donation-related issues increased from 33.3% to 84.9% (P < 0.001). The expressed willingness for organ–tissue donation also increased from 76.8% to 96.5% (P < 0.001). The proportion of accepting brain death as the determination of death increased from 61.6% to 89.5% (P < 0.001). Moreover, 81.4% changed their approach and planned to register with an organ donor card.

Conclusions.
In this study, significant improvements were observed in knowledge, awareness, and attitude toward organ–tissue donation with our newly developed co-participatory education program for premedical students. Hence, target-specific education can be regarded as a valuable approach to enhancing public awareness of deceased organ–tissue donation.
The Association of Post–Lung Transplant Pulmonary Embolism With the Development of Chronic Lung Allograft Dysfunction
Authors: Magin Justin C. , Xu Chun , Peskoe Sarah , Dorry Michael , Frankel Courtney W. , Dahhan Talal , Snyder Laurie D. 
Published: January 2024

Background.
Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a rare yet serious postoperative complication for lung transplant recipients (LTRs). The association between timing and severity of PE and the development of chronic allograft lung dysfunction (CLAD) has not been described.

Methods.
A single-center, retrospective cohort analysis of first LTRs included bilateral or single lung transplants and excluded multiorgan transplants and retransplants. PEs were confirmed by computed tomography angiography or ventilation/perfusion (VQ) scans. Infarctions were confirmed on computed tomography angiography by a trained physician. The PE severity was defined by the Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index (PESI) score, a 30-d post-PE mortality risk calculator, and stratified by low I and II (0–85), intermediate III and IV (85–125), and high V (>125). PE and PESI were analyzed in the outcomes of overall survival, graft failure, and chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD).

Results.
We identified 57 of 928 patients (6.14%) who had at least 1 PE in the LTR cohort with a median follow-up of 1623 d. In the subset with PE, the median PESI score was 85 (75.8–96.5). Most of the PESI scores (32/56 available) were in the low-risk category. In the CLAD analysis, there were 49 LTRs who had a PE and 16 LTRs (33%) had infarction. When treating PE as time-dependent and adjusting for covariates, PE was significantly associated with death (hazard ratio [HR] 1.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3-2.5), as well as increased risk of graft failure, defined as retransplant, CLAD, or death (HR 1.8; 95% CI, 1.3-2.5), and CLAD (HR 1.7; 95% CI, 1.2-2.4). Infarction was not associated with CLAD or death. The PESI risk category was not a significant predictor of death or CLAD.

Conclusions.
PE is associated with decreased survival and increased hazard of developing CLAD. PESI score was not a reliable predictor of CLAD or death in this lung transplant cohort.
Twelve Thousand Kidney Transplants Over More Than 55 Y: A Single-center Experience
Authors: Parajuli Sandesh , Garonzik-Wang Jacqueline , Astor Brad C. , Aziz Fahad , Garg Neetika , Welch Bridget , Odorico Jon , Mezrich Joshua , Kaufman Dixon , Foley David P. , Mandelbrot Didier 
Published: January 2024

Background.
Kidney transplant outcomes have dramatically improved since the first successful transplant in 1954. In its early years, kidney transplantation was viewed more skeptically. Today it is considered the treatment of choice among patients with end-stage kidney disease.

Methods.
Our program performed its first kidney transplant in 1966 and recently performed our 12 000th kidney transplant. Here, we review and describe our experience with these 12 000 transplants. Transplant recipients were analyzed by decade of date of transplant: 1966–1975, 1976–1985, 1986–1995, 1996–2005, 2006–2015, and 2016–2022. Death-censored graft failure and mortality were outcomes of interest.

Results.
Of 12 000 kidneys, 247 were transplanted from 1966 to 1975, 1147 from 1976 to 1985, 2194 from 1986 to 1995, 3147 from 1996 to 2005, 3046 from 2006 to 2015, and 2219 from 2016 to 2022 compared with 1966–1975, there were statistically significant and progressively lower risks of death-censored graft failure at 1 y, 5 y, and at last follow-up in all subsequent eras. Although mortality at 1 y was lower in all subsequent eras after 1986–1995, there was no difference in mortality at 5 y or the last follow-up between eras.

Conclusions.
In this large cohort of 12 000 kidneys from a single center, we observed significant improvement in outcomes over time. Kidney transplantation remains a robust and ever-growing and improving field.
ComboPath: An ML system for predicting drug combination effects with superior model specification
Authors: Ranasinghe Duminda S. , Sanders Nathan , Tam Hok Hei , Liu Changchang , Spitz Dan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDrug combinations have been shown to be an effective strategy for cancer therapy, but identifying beneficial combinations through experiments is labor-intensive and expensive [Mokhtari et al., 2017]. Machine learning (ML) systems that can propose novel and effective drug combinations have the potential to dramatically improve the efficiency of combinatoric drug design. However, the biophysical parameters of drug combinations are degenerate, making it difficult to identify the ground truth of drug interactions even given experimental data of the highest quality available. Existing ML models are highly underspecified to meet this challenge, leaving them vulnerable to producing parameters that are not biophysically realistic and harming generalization. We have developed a new ML model, “ComboPath”, aimed at a novel ML task: to predict interpretable cellular dose response surface of a two-drug combination based on each drugs’ interactions with their known protein targets. ComboPath incorporates a biophysically-motivated intermediate parameterization with prior information used to improve model specification. This is the first ML model to nominate beneficial drug combinations while simultaneously reconstructing the dose response surface, providing insight on both the potential of a drug combination and its optimal dosing for therapeutic development. We show that our models were able to accurately reconstruct 2D dose response surfaces across held out combination samples from the largest available combinatoric screening dataset while substantially improving model specification for key biophysical parameters.
CPT1a regulates the delivery of extracellular fatty acids for cardiolipin turnover in prostate cancer cells
Authors: Santiappillai Nancy T , Hakeem-Sanni Mariam F , Withy Anabel , Butler Lisa M , Quek Lake-Ee , Hoy Andrew J 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (FAO) has been proposed to be a major bioenergetic pathway in prostate cancer. However, this concept fails to consider FAO relative to other mitochondrial substrates. Here, we found extracellular long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs), including palmitate, stearate, oleate, linoleate, linolenate, are minor sources of carbon entering the TCA cycle compared to glucose and glutamine in prostate cancer cells, despite being assimilated in the mitochondria as acyl-carnitines. In contrast, cardiolipins were a prominent LCFAs sink, with some species achieving greater than 50%13C-labelling within 6 hours, suggesting high cardiolipin turnover using extracellular LCFAs. Knockdown of CPT1a, the rate-limiting enzyme of LCFA entry into mitochondria, reduced the incorporation of extracellular linoleate into cardiolipins. These results demonstrate that FAO is not a major input for the TCA cycle and provide evidence for an underappreciated role for CPT1a in regulating LCFAs entry into mitochondria for cardiolipin remodelling.
How cancer-associated fibroblasts promote T-cell exclusion in human lung tumors: a physical perspective
Authors: Ackermann Joseph , Bernard Chiara , Sirven Philemon , Salmon Hélène , Fraldi Massimiliano , Ben Amar Martine 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe tumor stroma is a tissue composed primarily of extracellular matrix, fibroblasts, immune cells, and vasculature. Its structure and functions, such as nutrient support and waste removal, are altered during malignancy. Tumor cells transform fibroblasts into cancer-associated fibroblasts, which have important immunosuppressive activity on which growth, invasion, and metastasis depend. These activated fibroblasts prevent immune cell infiltration into the tumor nest, thereby promoting cancer progression and inhibiting T-cell-based immunotherapy. To understand these complex interactions, we measure the density of different cell types in the stroma using immunohistochemistry techniques on tumor samples from lung cancer patients. We incorporate these data, and also known information on cell proliferation rates and relevant biochemical interactions, into a minimal dynamical system with few parameters. A spatio-temporal approach to the inhomogeneous environment explains the cell distribution and fate of lung carcinomas. The model reproduces that cancer-associated fibroblasts act as a barrier to tumor growth, but also reduce the efficiency of the immune response. The final outcome depends on the parameter values for each patient and leads to either tumor invasion, persistence, or eradication as a result of the interplay between cancer cell growth, T-cell cytotoxic activity, and fibroblast attraction, activation, and spatial dynamics. Our conclusion is that a wide spectrum of scenarios exists as a result of the competition between the characteristic times of cancer cell growth and the activity rates of the other species. Nevertheless, distinct trajectories and patterns allow quantitative predictions that may help in the selection of new therapies and personalized protocols. We conclude with different options for further modeling.Graphical Abstract