bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial adaptation pathways to reconcile future water and food security in the Indus River basin
Authors: Smolenaars Wouter Julius , Sommerauer Wout Jan-Willem , van der Bolt Bregje , Jamil Muhammad Khalid , Dhaubanjar Sanita , Lutz Arthur , Immerzeel Walter , Ludwig Fulco , Biemans Hester 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIrrigated wheat production is critical for food security in the Indus basin. Changing climatic and socio-economic conditions are expected to increase wheat demand and reduce irrigation water availability. Therefore, adaptation of irrigated wheat production is essential to achieve the interlinked Sustainable Development Goals for both water and food security. Here, we developed a spatial adaptation pathways methodology that integrates water and food objectives under future climate change and population growth. The results show that strategic combinations between production intensification, laser land leveling, and targeted expansion of irrigated areas can ensure wheat production increases and irrigation water savings in the short term. However, no adaptation pathways can ensure long-term wheat production within the existing irrigation water budget under rapid population growth. Adaptation planning for the Sustainable Development Goals in the Indus basin must therefore address both climatic and population changes, and anticipate that current food production practices may be unsustainable.
An evidence-based approach to accelerate flight reduction in academia
Authors: Görlinger Susann , Merrem Caroline , Jungmann Maximilian , Aeschbach Nicole 
Published: November 2023

AbstractOn the path towards net zero emissions in academia, reducing flight emissions is of high importance, yet particularly difficult to achieve. Flight emissions have a major share of the total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of research institutions but reducing them is challenging, because flying has become an essential part of academic culture. While there is a large amount of literature on the relevance of flight reduction in academia, very little data and hands-on experience exists on what a successful reduction process might entail. This paper contributes to closing this gap by presenting data from interviews and surveys from eight academic institutions on reasons for air travel and alternatives, showing how a transdisciplinary approach can support a transformation from a high to a low flying culture, and suggesting a practical path forward with the aid of an open-access toolbox on how to reduce flight emissions in academia.
Towards practical elastocaloric cooling
Authors: Wang Yao , Liu Ye , Xu Shijie , Zhou Guoqu , Yu Jianlin , Qian Suxin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractElastocaloric (eC) cooling is a promising environmental-friendly emerging cooling technology that has the potential for applications at different scales. Although the performance of eC cooling is already sufficient for some applications, a balance is needed for reliability, cost, and ease of maintenance to achieve commercialization in the near future. In this Perspective, we describe challenges and necessary steps towards practical eC cooling, including material properties and manufacturing techniques, actuators that drive eC materials, essentials for good heat transfer, and different work recovery schemes, before introducing our envisioned application scenarios.
Zika virus M protein latches and locks the E protein from transitioning to an immature state after prM cleavage
Authors: Majowicz Sydney A. , Narayanan Anoop , Moustafa Ibrahim M. , Bator Carol M. , Hafenstein Susan L. , Jose Joyce 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDuring flavivirus maturation, the structural proteins prM (pre-membrane) and E (envelope) undergo extensive low pH-mediated conformational changes, transitioning from spiky trimeric to smooth dimeric prM/E heterodimers which allow for furin cleavage of prM into pr and M and forms the irreversible mature conformation of smooth M/E heterodimers. The mechanisms of irreversible conformational changes to E protein following the pr cleavage are not understood. Utilizing cryo-EM structures of immature virus and structure-based mutagenesis of Zika virus, we identified two critical “latching and locking” interactions mediated by M protein residues Arg38 and Trp19, respectively, that stabilize the E protein structure in the smooth mature stage. M protein thus latches and locks the E protein in an irreversible mature structure, preventing premature fusion in the secretory pathway. Our studies provide mechanistic insights into the reversible structural transition of immature trimeric spikes and the irreversible transition of smooth dimeric M/E heterodimers critical for virus infectivity.
Fully digital, urban networked staring radar: Simulation and experimentation
Authors: Griffiths Darren , Jahangir Mohammed , Kannanthara Jithin , Donlan Gwynfor , Baker Chris J. , Antoniou Michail , Singh Yeshpal 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe application and uses of drones in all areas are continuously rising, especially in civilian use cases. This increasing threat requires reliable drone surveillance in urban environments. Radar is the obvious candidate with its ability to detect small objects at range, in all weather conditions. The use of an L‐band networked radar for urban sensing of S‐UAS targets is explored. Small echoes from S‐UAS places a premium on synchronisation, which is the fundamental key for high performance networked radar. The effect of timing errors on the operation of the network radar is investigated theoretically and experimentally, and the processing tools for synchronising data based on the direct signal returns of the transmitter are developed. Also, drone detection using bistatic L‐band staring radar is achieved both in simulation and then in real field trials where the SNR and detection performance are computed and analysed. The updated direct signal synchronisation method for bistatic staring radar is shown to provide comparable SNR and positional accuracy for S‐UAS targets as the monostatic staring radar.
Optimal planning of mobile energy storage in active distribution network
Authors: Xia Shiwei , Wang Zizheng , Gao Xiang , Li Wenpei 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMobile energy storage (MES) has the flexibility to temporally and spatially shift energy, and the optimal configuration of MES shall significantly improve the active distribution network (ADN) operation economy and renewables consumption. In this study, an optimal planning model of MES is established for ADN with a goal of minimising the annual cost of a distribution system. Firstly, the annual cost of a distribution system is set up with consideration of the investment cost and operation cost of MES, wind and PV curtailment cost, network loss cost and the peak‐valley arbitrage income of MES. Then, the distributed photovoltaic and wind power access constraints, power conservation constraints of ADN, power generation constraint, system security constraint, energy coupling and displacement constraints of MES are further tailored to establish the MES planning model. Afterwards, the proposed model is solved by the second‐order cone relaxation combined with the large M algorithm. Finally, the simulation results of the modified IEEE 33‐bus distribution network validate the effectiveness of the proposed model.
Cepheid Metallicity in the Leavitt Law (C- MetaLL) survey
Authors: Trentin E. , Ripepi V. , Molinaro R. , Catanzaro G. , Storm J. , De Somma G. , Marconi M. , Bhardwaj A. , Gatto M. , Testa V. , Musella I. , Clementini G. , Leccia S. 
Published: November 2023

Context. Classical Cepheids (DCEPs) play a fundamental role in the calibration of the extragalactic distance ladder, which eventually leads to the determination of the Hubble constant (H0) thanks to the period–luminosity (PL) and period–Wesenheit (PW) relations exhibited by these pulsating variables. Therefore, it is of great importance to establish the dependence of PL and PW relations on metallicity.
Aims. We aim to quantify the metallicity dependence of the PL and PW relations of the Galactic DCEPs for a variety of photometric bands, ranging from optical to near-infrared.
Methods. We gathered a literature sample of 910 DCEPs with available [Fe/H] values from high-resolution spectroscopy or metallicities from the Gaia Radial Velocity Spectrometer. For all these stars, we collected photometry in the GBP, GRP, G, I, V, J, H, and KS bands and astrometry from Gaia Data Release 3 (DR3). We used these data to investigate the metal dependence of both the intercepts and slopes of a variety of PL and PW relations at multiple wavelengths.
Results. We find a large negative metallicity effect on the intercept (γ coefficient) of all the PL and PW relations investigated in this work, while present data still do not allow us to draw firm conclusions regarding the metal dependence of the slope (δ coefficient). The typical values of γ are around −0.4 : −0.5 mag dex−1, which is larger than most of the recent determinations present in the literature. We carried out several tests, which confirm the robustness of our results. As in our previous works, we find that the inclusion of a global zero point offset of Gaia parallaxes provides smaller values of γ (in an absolute sense). However, the assumption of the geometric distance of the Large Magellanic Cloud seems to indicate that larger values of γ (in an absolute sense) would be preferred.
Manschettenlose Blutdruckmessung mithilfe von Wearables
Authors: Reshetnik Alexander 
Published: November 2023

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie Entwicklung von manschettenlosen Technologien zur nichtinvasiven Blutdruckmessung zeigt große Fortschritte. Verschiedene Methoden der Blutdruckermittlung, die auf bekannte Techniken, wie die Bestimmung der Puls-Transit-Zeit oder Puls-Wellen-Analyse beruhen, stehen zur Verfügung und weisen inzwischen einige Studienergebnisse auf. Weitere neuartige Methoden, wie die Videoprozessierung der Gesichtsaufnahmen oder Bioimpedanz-Tattoos aus Graphen, sind ebenfalls aussichtsreich. Diese erfordern jedoch weitere Studien, um noch mehr Daten zu generieren. Für einige Technologien ist eine Kalibrierung nötig, während andere ohne auskommen. Die Zukunft sieht vielversprechend aus, trotzdem muss weiter geforscht und entwickelt werden, um die manschettenlose Blutdruckmessung zu einer Routinemethode zu etablieren.
Einsatz von Diuretika in der Bluthochdrucktherapie
Authors: Gohlisch Christopher 
Published: November 2023

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGZusammenfassend stellt die diuretische Therapie eine wichtige Option in der antihypertensiven und kardiovaskulären Therapie dar. Seit der Entwicklung der Thiaziddiuretika in den 1960er-Jahren ist die diuretische Therapie vielfältiger geworden. Trotz der nun seit Jahrzenten bestehenden Erfahrung in der Therapie sind doch viele Fragen zur Wahl des richtigen Diuretikums, der richtigen Kombination oder Dosis für den individuellen Patienten nicht abschließend geklärt. Zudem ist die Studienlage uneinheitlich und in einigen Fragen weiterhin unzureichend. Daher bedarf es für die optimale Therapie immer noch der Expertise und Erfahrung des jeweiligen Hypertensiologen. Gleichzeitig wurden bereits neue diuretisch wirksame Therapieoptionen entwickelt, die häufig in Kombination mit den etablierten Diuretikaklassen eingesetzt werden, sodass hier mögliche Interaktionen zu bedenken sind. Weitere spezifische Diuretika sind in der Entwicklung, die neben der Blutdruckreduktion reno- und kardioprotektive Eigenschaften besitzen und unsere therapeutischen Möglichkeiten, insbesondere bei Patienten mit einer chronischen Nierenerkrankung (CKD: Chronic Kidney Disease), erweitern können.
Psychiatrie in der DDR als „Nische“ –
Zwischen Anpassung und Freiraum
Authors: Windirsch Antonia , Reis Olaf , Grabe Hans Jörgen , Kumbier Ekkehardt 
Published: November 2023

Zusammenfassung
Zielstellung  Anhand von Zeitzeugenaussagen soll erschlossen
werden, ob und inwieweit die Institution Psychiatrie in der staatlich
kontrollierten Gesellschaft der DDR als Schutzraum oder „Nische“
für Mitarbeiter und Patienten erlebt wurde und welcher
Anpassungsleistungen es bedurfte, diese Räume möglichst autonom
gestalten zu können.
Methodik  Der Inhalt von 74
leitfadengestützten Interviews zur Psychiatrie in der DDR von
verschiedenen beruflichen Akteuren und ehemaligen Patienten wurde qualitativ
ausgewertet.
Ergebnisse  Aus den Interviews lässt sich
ableiten, dass die Psychiatrie in der DDR auch eine „Nische“
für Andersdenkende darstellte und einen gewissen Schutz für
Patienten bieten konnte. Demgegenüber steht die Verletzung des
Schutzraumes durch politische Einflussnahme bei der Patientenbehandlung sowie
strukturelle Missstände.
Schlussfolgerung  Psychiater in
der DDR nutzten auch kleine Möglichkeiten, um durch ihr Handeln
Patienten zu schützen. Unter diesen Bedingungen konnte die Psychiatrie
ein Ort des Schutzes für Patienten und Mitarbeiter darstellen. Die
Schaffung solcher Freiräume erforderte jedoch Anpassungsleistungen, die
ebenfalls von der Psychiatrie erbracht wurden. Umgekehrt wurde die Psychiatrie
auch politisch instrumentalisiert; entweder direkt durch ungerechtfertigte
Einweisungen und Ausgangsbeschränkungen oder indirekt, indem
Andersdenkende stigmatisiert und damit aus der Gesellschaft entfernt wurden.
Revisiting the ‘flexibility paradox’: degree of work schedule flexibility and time use patterns across gender and occupational groups
Authors: Lu Zhuofei , Wang Senhu , Olsen Wendy 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWhether flexible work schedules facilitate the balance between work and non-work time or instead lead to longer working hours (known as ‘flexibility paradox’) has been extensively debated. Using representative time use data in the UK (2014–2015), this study contributes to the debates by exploring how different types of flexible schedules shape employees’ time use in various domains across gender and occupational groups. We find that using limited flexible schedules with fixed core hours (not unlimited flexible schedules) is significantly related to shorter paid work hours and more free time. The beneficial effects of limited flexible schedules only apply to men in higher occupations, whereas men in lower occupations are likely exploited by these flexible schedules by working more and having less free time. Overall, this study contributes to the debates of ‘flexibility paradox’ by examining the varying nature of flexibility practised and its different time use implications across socio-demographic groups.
Joint liability and aggravation? An inspection of legislative and judicial practices in cases of the crime of the abduction, sale, and purchase of women and children in China
Authors: Wang Dezheng 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHuman trafficking is a harmful, widespread and pressing issue that demands attention. However, the prevalence of such crimes may vary across different countries and time periods, which means that there may not be a universal solution to addressing them. In response to the recent public outcry sparked by the incident of the woman chained in Feng County, Xuzhou, this article provides a comprehensive review of China’s legislative and judicial responses to crimes against women and children who are abducted and sold, as well as the corresponding governance effects and causes. This study examines whether the punishment for buying and trafficking women and children should be increased through criminal law amendments and whether the current public outrage calling for equal punishment for buyers and sellers is justified. To provide a rational response to these issues, the article reviews all relevant laws, regulations, judicial cases, and typical cases from 1979 to 2022. An analysis of the change in case processing over the years was conducted using MATLAB software with the baseline panel regression model, robustness checks, and mechanism tests. This study reveals a decline on human trafficking crimes in China, but four provinces (Yunnan, Henan, Shandong, and Fujian) have a higher incidence. The article offers a comprehensive analysis from both macro and micro perspectives. National macro factors such as economic development, social welfare policies, rural revitalization, and COVID-19 prevention contribute to the decline. From a micro perspective, local differences in these provinces are a significant reason for high incidence from a micro perspective. This article suggests that legal amendments to increase punishment would be ineffective. Instead, existing legal provisions should be applied, and decision-making rules from typical cases should be utilized.
Political media use, civic knowledge, civic self-efficacy, and gender: measuring active citizenship in Turkey
Authors: Arslan Hakan , Yazıcı Sedat , Çetin Ensar , Dil Kemal , Çakır Fatma Sönmez 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDespite many extensive and fruitful studies, assessing and analysing active citizenship behaviours in various cultural contexts remains a topic of research interest. A significant proportion of citizenship studies rely on evidence from adolescents, with their expected participation as the dependent variable rather than the actual civic engagement of adults. Prior research has also neglected to examine the internal civic self-efficacy of adult citizens, particularly concerning gender differences. Based on new data obtained from 731 Turkish citizens over eighteen, this study examines the effects of political media use, civic knowledge, civic self-efficacy, and gender, along with other demographic variables, on civic engagement and participation. We investigate research evidence that women’s tendency to interest in unconventional activities at a higher rate than men would make a difference and enhance their civic self-efficacy. Findings indicate that, at the empirical level, active citizenship is a multidimensional and interrelated concept with dimensions of civic knowledge, civic self-efficacy, engagement, and participation. Civic self-efficacy was found to be a psychological construct that predicts adult citizens’ active citizenship behaviours. Contrary to our hypothesis, gender differences in civic self-efficacy in community engagement closely related to daily life remain present, although women are expected to prefer greater participation than men. Only education indicated some equalising effect. Based on our findings, we suggest that research on citizenship should consider not only whether society values what women do, but also whether it promotes what they value.
Temperature dependence of narrow-band UVB photoluminescence of silica–(Gd,Pr)PO4 transparent glass-ceramic phosphors
Authors: Kajihara Koichi , Nakagawa Shingo , Nakagawa Ryosui , Suda Mayu , Ishijima Masanao , Kuriyama Haruo , Serizawa Izumi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The effect of temperature on photoluminescence (PL) due to the 6P
j
→ 8S7/2 (j = 5/2, 7/2) transitions of Gd3+ ions was examined between 200 and 500 K for a sol–gel-derived silica–(Gd,Pr)PO4 transparent glass-ceramic phosphor with negligible concentration quenching under excitation into the 5d–4f transition of Pr3+ ions at 220 nm. The intensity of the narrow-band ultraviolet B (UVB) PL at ∼313 nm associated with the 6P7/2 → 8S7/2 transition slightly increased between 200 and 300 K, but was decreased to ∼86% and ∼62% of that at 300 K when temperature was raised to 400 and 500 K, respectively. The observed magnitude of the thermal quenching of the UVB PL intensity was agreed well with that recorded in a prototype narrow-band UVB lamp consisting of another silica–(Gd,Pr)PO4 transparent glass-ceramic window and a KrCl excimer lamp as a light source at 222 nm. The silica–(Gd,Pr)PO4 transparent glass-ceramics was more resistant to the thermal quenching of the narrow-band UVB PL than a conventional powder phosphor, probably because of the encapsulation of (Gd,Pr)PO4 nanocrystals with low quenching centre concentrations in inert silica glass matrix.
A sub-millimetre two-wavelength EDM that compensates the air refractive index: uncertainty and measurements up to 5 km
Authors: Guillory Joffray , Truong Daniel , Wallerand Jean-Pierre , Alexandre Christophe 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Distance measurements over several kilometres with a sub-millimetre uncertainty are required for deformation monitoring in fields such as geodesy or civil engineering where well-controlled scale is critical. This paper presents a two-wavelength electro-optical distance meter (EDM) capable of such measurements and traceable to the SI (Système International d’unités). It is based on simultaneous measurements of optical path lengths, at two wavelengths, one at 780 nm and the other at 1560 nm, the dispersion between the two wavelengths allowing real-time compensation of the air refractive index along the optical paths. The uncertainty budget of this EDM has been established, taking into account both the telemetric and the mechanical contributions. One of the main sources of errors is crosstalk, which originates mainly from the optical splitters acting as circulators and becomes more pronounced for lower received powers over longer distances. For signal-to-crosstalk ratios (SCRs) higher than 60 dB, the instrumental uncertainty in the air-index compensated distance was assessed to be 320 µm (k = 1). In the field, two distance measurements, one over 2.6 km, the other over 5.4 km, were carried out over a period of up to 6 days, and for a temperature and pressure varying by as much as 10 °C and 17 hPa. For each distance, the standard deviation of the Gaussian fit of the experimental points was less than 250 µm. This level of refractivity compensation demonstrates that the developed instrument works properly. In addition, standard deviations lower than 140 µm were achieved for displacement measurements at distances around 2.6 km and 5.4 km. All these results were obtained for SCRs higher than 60 dB. Finally, solutions are proposed for mitigating the effect of high crosstalk values on instrumental uncertainty.
A probabilistic-phase field model for the fracture of brittle materials
Authors: Alabdullah Mohammad , Ghoniem Nasr M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We develop a computational method to determine the failure probability of brittle materials under general mechanical loading conditions. The method is a combination of two parts: (1) numerical simulations of materials with multiple cracks using phase field theory, where the complete fracture process is viewed as ‘damage percolation’ along critical paths or clusters of cracks, rather than the traditional weak-link failure mechanism of Weibull, and (2) an extension of the Batdorf statistical theory of fracture to finite domains, where it is implemented within the finite element framework. The results of phase-field simulations at the ‘percolation threshold’ are used as failure data in the Batdorf theory to determine the overall probability of failure. The input to this approach is the size distribution of cracks in a pristine material. An example is shown, where alumina samples that were previously tested by Abe and coworkers (Abe et al 2003 J. Am. Ceram. Soc.
86 1019–21) in four-point loading are compared to the results of our numerical simulations. The approach developed here has the advantage of being extendable to more complex thermomechanical loading.