bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Purification of different lipases from Aspergillus niger by using a highly selective adsorption on hydrophobic supports
Authors: Fernández‐Lorente Gloria , Ortiz Claudia , Segura Rosa L. , Fernández‐Lafuente Roberto , Guisán Jose M. , Palomo Jose M. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractIn this manuscript, we have purified three different lipases from crude preparations from Aspergillus niger in a simple fashion, secluding the esterases and other enzymes presented in the preparation. Firstly, the crude was offered at low ionic strength to octyl agarose. The support specifically adsorbed two lipases, with molecular weights of 43 and 65 kDa. Desorption with a gradient of Triton X‐100 permitted to fully purify both lipases. The addition of octadecyl‐Sepabeads support to the non‐adsorbed proteins on octyl‐agarose permitted to selectively adsorb a third lipase, having a molecular weight of 31 kDa. Desorption of the enzyme using Triton X‐100 permitted to have also a pure sample of this enzyme. A significant percentage of esterase activity remains in the supernatant, derived from esterases or lipases unable to become adsorbed on the employed supports. Furthermore, these purified lipases were immobilized via ionic adsorption on DEAE‐Sepharose and their selectivity was analyzed in the kinetic resolution of (±)‐O‐2‐butyryl‐2‐phenylacetic acid and (±)‐mandelic acid methyl ester. In the resolution of (±)‐O‐2‐butyryl‐2‐phenylacetic acid, the crude extract preparation gave a low enantioselectivity value (E = 9), whereas the three immobilized preparations of purified lipases exhibited an increase in E‐value from 11 (43 kDa lipase) to > 100 (31 kDa lipase). When (±)‐mandelic acid methyl ester was used, the crude extract preparation presented low enantioselectivity hydrolyzing the S enantiomer quicker, while the purified lipase preparations preferred the R one. In this case, the 65 kDa lipase was the most selective enzyme (E = 20). © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Substrate uptake tests and quantitative FISH show differences in kinetic growth of bulking and non‐bulking activated sludge
Authors: Lou Inchio , de los Reyes Francis L. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe competition between filaments and floc formers in activated sludge has been historically described using kinetic selection. However, recent studies have suggested that bacterial storage may also be an important factor in microbial selection, since the dynamic nature of substrate flows into wastewater treatment plants elicit transient responses from microorganisms. Respirometry‐based kinetic selection should thus be reevaluated by considering cell storage, and a more reliable method should be developed to include bacterial storage in the analysis of growth of filaments and floc formers in activated sludge. In this study, we applied substrate uptake tests combined with metabolic modeling to determine the growth rates, yields and maintenance coefficients of bulking and non‐bulking activated sludge developed in lab scale reactors under feast and famine conditions. The results of quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) showed that the filaments Eikelboom Type 1851, Type 021N, and Thiothrix nivea were dominant in bulking sludge, comprising 42.0 % of mixed liquor volatile suspended solids (MLVSS), with 61.6% of the total filament length extending from flocs into bulk solution. Only low levels of Type 1851 filament length (4.9% of MLVSS) occurred in non‐bulking sludge, 83.0% of which grew inside the flocs. The kinetic parameters determined from the substrate uptake tests were consistent with those from respirometry and showed that filamentous bulking sludge had lower growth rates and maintenance coefficients than non‐bulking sludge. These results provide support for growth kinetic differences in explaining the competitive strategy of filamentous bacteria. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
In silico genome‐scale reconstruction and validation of the Staphylococcus aureus metabolic network
Authors: Heinemann Matthias , Kümmel Anne , Ruinatscha Reto , Panke Sven 
Published: September 2005

AbstractA genome‐scale metabolic model of the Gram‐positive, facultative anaerobic opportunistic pathogen Staphylococcus aureus N315 was constructed based on current genomic data, literature, and physiological information. The model comprises 774 metabolic processes representing approximately 23% of all protein‐coding regions. The model was extensively validated against experimental observations and it correctly predicted main physiological properties of the wild‐type strain, such as aerobic and anaerobic respiration and fermentation. Due to the frequent involvement of S. aureus in hospital‐acquired bacterial infections combined with its increasing antibiotic resistance, we also investigated the clinically relevant phenotype of small colony variants and found that the model predictions agreed with recent findings of proteome analyses. This indicates that the model is useful in assisting future experiments to elucidate the interrelationship of bacterial metabolism and resistance. To help directing future studies for novel chemotherapeutic targets, we conducted a large‐scale in silico gene deletion study that identified 158 essential intracellular reactions. A more detailed analysis showed that the biosynthesis of glycans and lipids is rather rigid with respect to circumventing gene deletions, which should make these areas particularly interesting for antibiotic development. The combination of this stoichiometric model with transcriptomic and proteomic data should allow a new quality in the analysis of clinically relevant organisms and a more rationalized system‐level search for novel drug targets. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Immobilization and hybridization of DNA in a sugar polyacrylate hydrogel
Authors: Soto Carissa M. , Patterson Charles H. , Charles Paul T. , Martin Brett D. , Spector Mark S. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractUsing a non‐contact microarrayer, amine‐terminated probe oligonucleotides representing 20‐, 50‐, and 70‐mer fragments of the fliC gene were covalently coupled into three‐dimensional regions in a “sugar polyacrylate” hydrogel based on poly(6‐acryloyl‐β‐O‐methyl galactopyranoside‐co‐aminopropyl methacrylamide). The arrayer deposited the solution containing ssDNA probes in discrete regions on the surface of the gel (i.e. as a droplet with a ca. 450 µm diameter), allowing penetration and attachment of the ss DNA within the three dimensional region of the gel. The attachment was mediated by the homobifunctional crosslinker bis‐succinimidyl suberate. Confocal microscopy showed the density of attached probe DNA was greatest in the interior‐most regions of the gel volume. Target ssDNA (20‐ and 70‐mer) was able to diffuse through the gel and undergo successful hybridization with the probes. For target ssDNA in the concentration range 0.19 µM to 6.0 µM, there was a linear correlation between DNA concentration and the fluorescence of the gel region where hybridization occurred. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Post‐translational regulation of expression and conformation of an immunoglobulin domain in yeast surface display
Authors: Parthasarathy Ranganath , Subramanian Shyamsundar , Boder Eric T. , Discher Dennis E. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractDisplay of heterologous proteins on the surface of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is increasingly being exploited for directed evolution because of straightforward cell screens. However, yeast post‐translationally modifies proteins in ways that must be factored into library engineering and refinement. Here, we express the extracellular immunoglobulin domain of an ubiquitous mammalian membrane protein, CD47, which is implicated in cancer, immunocompatibility, and motility. CD47 has multiple sites of glycosylation and a core disulfide bond. We assess the effects of both of these post‐translational modifications on expression and antibody binding. CD47's extracellular domain is fused to the yeast mating protein Aga2p on the cell wall, and the resulting fusion protein binds several key antibodies, including a conformation‐sensitive antibody. Site‐by‐site mutagenesis of CD47's five N‐linked glycosylation sites progressively decreases expression levels on yeast, but folding appears stable. Cysteine mutations disrupt the expected core disulfide, and also decrease protein expression levels, though not to the extent seen with complete deglycosylation. However, with the core disulfide mutants, antibody binding proves to be lower than expected from expression levels and glycosylation is clearly reduced compared to wild‐type. The results indicate that glycosylation regulates heterologous display on yeast more than core disulfides do and thus suggest bounds on directed evolution by post‐translational processing. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Expanded thermodynamic model for microbial true yield prediction
Authors: Xiao Jinghua , VanBriesen Jeanne M. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThermodynamic methods to predict true yield and stoichiometry of bacterial reactions have been widely used in biotechnology and environmental engineering. However, yield predictions are often inaccurate for certain simple organic compounds. This work evaluates an existing method and identifies the cause of prediction errors for compounds with low degree of reductance of carbon. For these compounds, carbon, not energy or reducing equivalents, constrains growth. Existing thermodynamically‐based models do not account for the potential of carbon‐limited growth. The improved method described here consists of four balances: carbon balance, nitrogen balance, electron balance, and energy balance. Two efficiency terms, K1 and K2 are defined and estimated from a priori analysis. The results show that K1 and K2 are nearly the same in value so that only one coefficient, K = 0.41 is used in the modified model. Comparisons with observed yields show that use of the new model and parameters results in significantly improved yield estimation based on inclusion of the carbon balance. The average estimation error is less than 6% for the data set presented. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cyclopropanation of N‐Substituted 2‐Oxochromene‐ and 6‐Bromo‐2‐oxochromene‐3‐carboxamides with Zinc Enolates Derived from 1‐Aryl‐2,2‐dibromoalkanones.
Authors: Shchepin V. V. , Silaichev P. S. , Shchepin R. V. , Ezhikova M. A. , Kodess M. I. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Deoxygenation of N‐Oxides with Triphenylphosphine, Catalyzed by Dichlorodioxomolybdenum(VI).
Authors: Sanz Roberto , Escribano Jaime , Fernandez Yolanda , Aguado Rafael , Pedrosa Maria R. , Arnaiz Francisco J. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Iridium‐Catalyzed Oxidative Esterification Reaction of Aliphatic Aldehydes and Olefinic Alcohols with Precoordination of the Double Bond of Alcohols to Iridium.
Authors: Kiyooka Syun‐ichi , Ueno Mahuyu , Ishii Eri 
Published: September 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Olefin and Enyne Cross‐Metathesis — A New Tool for the Synthesis of Alkenyl‐Substituted Azulenes.
Authors: Mikus Agnieszka , Sashuk Volodymyr , Kedziorek Mariusz , Samojlowicz Cezary , Ostrowski Stanislaw , Grela Karol 
Published: September 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Selective and Efficient Oxidation of Sulfides to Sulfoxides with N‐Bromosuccinimide in the Presence of β‐Cyclodextrin in Water.
Authors: Surendra K. , Krishnaveni N. Srilakshmi , Kumar V. Pavan , Sridhar R. , Rao K. Rama 
Published: September 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Silica Sulfuric Acid: An Efficient and Recyclable Catalyst for the Synthesis of β‐Acetamido Ketones in Single Pot.
Authors: Yakaiah T. , Reddy G. Venkat , Lingaiah B. P. V. , Narsaiah B. , Rao P. Shanthan 
Published: September 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Regio‐ and Stereoselective Route to Tetrasubstituted Olefins by the Palladium‐Catalyzed Three‐Component Coupling of Aryl Iodides, Internal Alkynes, and Arylboronic Acids.
Authors: Zhou Chengxiang , Larock Richard C. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Convenient Synthesis of ε‐Halo‐β‐ketoesters and γ,γ′‐Dibromoalkanones by Regio‐ and Chemoselective Reaction of 2‐Alkylidenetetrahydrofurans with Boron Trihalides: A “Ring‐Closure/Ring‐Cleavage” Strategy.
Authors: Bellur Esen , Langer Peter 
Published: September 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Stereoselective Multicomponent Synthesis of [3‐(5‐Substituted 2‐Methoxyphenyl)‐5‐aryl‐2‐phenyltetrahydro‐4‐isoxazolyl] (2‐thienyl)methanones via 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition.
Authors: Sridharan V. , Saravanakumar S. Pon , Muthusubramanian S. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of 5‐(R1‐Benzyl)‐2‐(R‐benzylidenehydrazono)‐3‐ (2‐furylmethyl)thiazolidin‐4‐ones.
Authors: Tsyalkovskii V. M. , Kutsyk R. V. , Matiychuk V. S. , Obushak M. D. , Klyufinska T. I. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Regioselective Addition of n‐Alkyllithiums to α,α′‐Disubstituted‐1,8‐naphthyridines: Synthesis of 6‐Amino‐3‐pyridinol Analogues of α‐Tocopherol.
Authors: Nam Tae‐gyu , Wijtmans Maikel , Pratt Derek A. , Porter Ned A. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Polymer‐Supported Ionic Liquid Catalyzed Synthesis of 1,2,3,4‐Tetrahydro‐2‐oxopyrimidine‐5‐carboxylates via Biginelli Reaction.
Authors: Wang Zong‐Ting , Wang Shu‐Chao , Xu Li‐Wen 
Published: September 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Three New Highly Oxygenated Diterpenoids from Excoecaria cochinchinensis Lour
Authors: Yang Jing‐Hua , Luo Shi‐De , Zhao Jing‐Feng , Wang Yun‐song , Huang Rong , Zhang Hong‐Bin , Li Liang 
Published: September 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Sarcophytonolides A (I) ‐ D (IV), Four New Cembranolides from the Hainan Soft Coral Sarcophyton sp.
Authors: Jia Rui , Guo Yue‐Wei , Mollo Ernesto , Cimino Guido 
Published: September 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Preparation and Structural Characterization of Stable Cs2O Closed‐Cage Structures.
Authors: Albu‐Yaron Ana , Arad Talmon , Popovitz‐Biro Ronit , Bar‐Sadan Maya , Prior Yehiam , Jansen Martin , Tenne Reshef 
Published: September 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Thermally Stable Nanocrystalline γ‐Alumina Layers with Highly Ordered 3D Mesoporosity.
Authors: Kuemmel Monika , Grosso David , Boissiere Cedric , Smarsly Bernd , Brezesinski Torsten , Albouy Pierre A. , Amenitsch Heinz , Sanchez Clement 
Published: September 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Novel Ionic Liquids—Imidazolium Salts with a Difluoromethylene Fragment Directly Bonded to the Nitrogen Atom.
Authors: Yagupolskii Yurii L. , Sokolenko Taras M. , Petko Kiril I. , Yagupolskii Lev M. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Recent Advances in the Chemistry of “Clusters” and Coordination Polymers of Alkali, Alkaline Earth Metal and Group 11 Compounds
Authors: Fromm Katharina M. , Gueneau Estelle D. , Robin Adeline Y. , Maudez William , Sague Jorge , Bergougnant Remi 
Published: September 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Rotaxane‐type Complexation Behavior of Cyclodextrins with a Series of Donor—Acceptor Covalently Linked Compounds
Authors: Morozumi Tatsuya , Kimura Takashi , Ujiie Tomomi , Yonemura Hiroaki , Matsuo Taku , Nakamura Hiroshi 
Published: September 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Surgeon perspectives about local therapy for breast carcinoma
Authors: Katz Steven J. , Lantz Paula M. , Janz Nancy K. , Fagerlin Angela , Schwartz Kendra , Liu Lihua , Deapen Dennis , Salem Barbara , Lakhani Indu , Morrow Monica 
Published: September 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDGeographic variations in the use of mastectomy and the use of radiation therapy (RT) after breast‐conserving surgery (BCS) have motivated concerns that surgeons are not uniformly adhering to treatment standards.METHODSThe authors surveyed attending surgeons of a population‐based sample of patients with breast carcinoma diagnosed in Detroit and Los Angeles from December 2001 to January 2003 (n = 365; response rate, 80.0%). Clinical scenarios were used to evaluate opinions about local therapy.RESULTSOn average, surgeons reported that they devoted 31.3% of their total practice to breast carcinoma. Approximately one‐half of surgeons practiced in a community hospital setting, whereas 18.8% practiced in a cancer center. Compared to low volume surgeons, high volume surgeons were more likely to favor BCS with RT for invasive breast carcinoma (60.8%, 74.0%, and 87.2% for low, moderate, and high volume surgeons, respectively, P < 0.001). Surgeons who favored BCS were more likely to perceive greater quality of life (QOL) benefits for BCS than mastectomy (85.9%) compared with surgeons who favored mastectomy (28.6%) and those who did not favor 1 procedure over the other (60.0%, P < 0.001). In a ductal carcinoma in situ scenario, 35.0% of surgeons favored BCS without RT and 61.0% favored BCS with RT. Opinions regarding the role of RT after BCS varied by geographic site, surgeon volume, and patient age.CONCLUSIONSVariation in surgeon opinion concerning local therapy reflected clinical uncertainty about the benefits of alternative treatments. High volume surgeons more frequently endorsed current clinical guidelines that favor BCS compared with mastectomy. This may partly be explained by the greater belief that BCS confers a better patient QOL than mastectomy. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
The Redox Chemistry of (N1‐[3‐(2‐aminoethylimino)‐1,1‐dimethylbutyl]ethane‐1,2‐diamine)nickel(II) Perchlorate, NiIIL1(ClO4)2, in Aqueous Solutions –A Pulse Radiolytic and an Electrochemical Study
Authors: Albo Yael , Maimon Eric , Zilbermann Israel , Saphier Magal , Cohen Haim , Meyerstein Dan 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe ligand (N1‐[3‐(2‐aminoethylimino)‐1,1‐dimethylbutyl]ethane‐1,2‐diamine), L1, induces a high ligand field on the central NiII ion. Thus it is relatively easy to oxidize(NiIIL1)2+. However, the kinetic stability of the NiIIIL1 complexes is considerably lower than that of their analogous macrocyclic complexes. This difference in stabilities isattributed to the less rigid ligand framework, which facilitates the oxidation of ligand. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Cognitive inhibition of number/length interference in a Piaget‐like task in young adults: Evidence from ERPs and fMRI
Authors: Leroux Gaëlle , Joliot Marc , Dubal Stéphanie , Mazoyer Bernard , Tzourio‐Mazoyer Nathalie , Houdé Olivier 
Published: September 2005

AbstractWe sought to determine whether the neural traces of a previous cognitive developmental stage could be evidenced in young adults. In order to do so, 12 young adults underwent two functional imaging acquisitions (EEG then fMRI). During each session, two experimental conditions were applied: a Piaget‐like task with number/length interference (INT), and a reference task with number/length covariation (COV). To succeed at Piaget's numerical task, which children under the age of 7 years usually fail, the subjects had to inhibit a misleading strategy, namely, the visuospatial length‐equals‐number bias, a quantification heuristic that is often relevant and that continues to be used through adulthood. Behavioral data confirmed that although there was an automation in the young adult subjects as assessed by the very high number of accurate responses (>97%), the inhibition of the “length equals number strategy” had a cognitive cost, as the reaction times were significantly higher in INT than in COV (with a difference of 230 ms). The event‐related potential results acquired during the first session showed electrophysiological markers of the cognitive inhibition of the number/length interference. Indeed, the frontal N2 was greater during INT than during COV, and a P3late/P6 was detected only during INT. During the fMRI session, a greater activation of unimodal areas (the right middle and superior occipital cortex) and in the ventral route (the left inferior temporal cortex) was observed in INT than in COV. These results seem to indicate that when fully automated in adults, inhibition processes might take place in unimodal areas. Hum Brain Mapp, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The theta/gamma discrete phase code occuring during the hippocampal phase precession may be a more general brain coding scheme
Authors: Lisman John 
Published: September 2005

AbstractIn the hippocampus, oscillations in the theta and gamma frequency range occur together and interact in several ways, indicating that they are part of a common functional system. It is argued that these oscillations form a coding scheme that is used in the hippocampus to organize the readout from long‐term memory of the discrete sequence of upcoming places, as cued by current position. This readout of place cells has been analyzed in several ways. First, plots of the theta phase of spikes vs. position on a track show a systematic progression of phase as rats run through a place field. This is termed the phase precession. Second, two cells with nearby place fields have a systematic difference in phase, as indicated by a cross‐correlation having a peak with a temporal offset that is a significant fraction of a theta cycle. Third, several different decoding algorithms demonstrate the information content of theta phase in predicting the animal's position. It appears that small phase differences corresponding to jitter within a gamma cycle do not carry information. This evidence, together with the finding that principle cells fire preferentially at a given gamma phase, supports the concept of theta/gamma coding: a given place is encoded by the spatial pattern of neurons that fire in a given gamma cycle (the exact timing within a gamma cycle being unimportant); sequential places are encoded in sequential gamma subcycles of the theta cycle (i.e., with different discrete theta phase). It appears that this general form of coding is not restricted to readout of information from long‐term memory in the hippocampus because similar patterns of theta/gamma oscillations have been observed in multiple brain regions, including regions involved in working memory and sensory integration. It is suggested that dual oscillations serve a general function: the encoding of multiple units of information (items) in a way that preserves their serial order. The relationship of such coding to that proposed by Singer and von der Malsburg is discussed; in their scheme, theta is not considered. It is argued that what theta provides is the absolute phase reference needed for encoding order. Theta/gamma coding therefore bears some relationship to the concept of “word” in digital computers, with word length corresponding to the number of gamma cycles within a theta cycle, and discrete phase corresponding to the ordered “place” within a word. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.