bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of laser flaremetry to measure aqueous humor protein concentration in dogs
Authors: Krohne Sheryl G. , Krohne David T. , Lindley Denise M. , Will Mathew T. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
The blood-aqueous barrier in dogs is compromised by uveitis, surgery, and limbal paracentesis. Breakdown of the blood-aqueous barrier allows protein into the aqueous humor and results in mild to severe inflammation. Diagnosis of protein in the aqueous humor is traditionally a subjective measurement. Laser flaremetry was used for noninvasive quantitation of aqueous humor protein concentration in dogs. Flaremetry data were compared with aqueous humor protein concentrations obtained from aqueous humor paracentesis and slit-lamp flare evaluations. Results from clinically normal eyes and those with uveitis and cataracts were compared. Subjective evaluations of flare were correlated with a range of flaremetry readings and aqueous humor protein concentrations. Clinically normal eyes had a range of flaremetry readings of 1.4 to 7.0 photon counts (PC)/ms, with a mean of 3.8 PC/ ms. Corresponding aqueous humor protein concentrations ranged from 5 to 28 mg/dl, with a mean of 15.1 mg/dl. Eyes with uveitis or cataracts had a range of flaremetry readings of 4.9 to 245.5 PC/ms and a range of aqueous protein concentrations of 13 to 729 mg/dl. Flaremetry readings accurately and sensitively measured total protein concentrations in the aqueous humor of dogs.
Sternothyrohyoideus myectomy or staphylectomy for treatment of intermittent dorsal displacement of the soft palate in racehorses: 209 cases (1986-1991)
Authors: Anderson Julie Dee , Tulleners Eric Peter , Johnston Janet Kimberly , Reeves Mathew John 
Published: December 2023

Summary
The efficacy of sternothyrohyoideus myectomy (SM) and staphylectomy as treatments for intermittent dorsal displacement of the soft palate was evaluated in 209 racehorses (126 Thoroughbreds, 83 Standardbreds). The 2 most common complaints were respiratory tract noise (75% of horses) and exercise intolerance (51% of horses). Stopping, defined as the inability to finish the race at racing speed, was reported in 40% of the horses. Endoscopy at rest revealed evidence of abnormal epiglottic anatomy (hypoplasia or flaccidity) in 51 % of the horses and abnormal soft palate function in 36% of the horses.
Race records were available for 149 (77 Thoroughbreds, 72 Standardbreds) horses. The sex distribution consisted of 38% sexually intact males, 20% geldings, and 42% females, with a mean age of 3.4 years.
Sixty-nine horses underwent staphylectomy, with a mean of 16 weeks to first start after surgery. Eighty horses underwent SM, with a mean of 10 weeks to first start. Sternothyrohyoideus myectomy was performed on significantly more (P < 0.05) Thoroughbreds than Standardbreds, and staphylectomy was performed on significantly (P < 0.0001; χ2 = 39.56) more Standardbreds than Thoroughbreds. After surgery, most horses (74%) had no change in class; however, more moved up in class (17%) than down (9%).
On the basis of comparison of earnings for 3 starts before surgery with that for 3 starts after surgery, successful outcome was obtained in 60% of the horses (35 Thoroughbreds, 13 Standardbreds) that received SM and in 59% of the horses (11 Thoroughbreds, 30 Standardbreds) that received a staphylectomy. The likelihood of achieving a successful outcome was greatest in horses with total earnings between $5,000 and $25,000. This difference was only significant, however, when this group was compared with those horses with total earnings of less than $5,000 (P = 0.048; χ2 = 3.89). Presurgical endoscopic findings were not significantly associated with the outcome after surgical treatment.
Effects of high doses of oxytetracycline on metacarpophalangeal joint kinematics in neonatal foals
Authors: Kasper Cyndi Anne , Clayton Hilary Mary , Wright Andrea Katherine , Skuba Elizabeth Veronica , Petrie Lyall 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Thirteen clinically normal Belgian-type foals were used to study the effects of high doses of Oxytetracycline on metacarpophalangeal joint kinematics. Seven foals (treatment group) received 2 doses of oxytetracycline (3 g,
iv). The first dose was given when foals were 4 days old; the second dose was given 24 hours later. Six foals (control group) received 2 doses of saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (15 ml,
iv) at equivalent time periods. All foals were videotaped at a walk twice: immediately prior to the first treatment and 24 hours after the second treatment. The tapes were digitized, and metacarpophalangeal joint angle was measured along the palmar surface of the limb during 3 strides. The angular data were normalized for time, and data from the 3 strides were averaged to describe a representative stride. Repeated measures
anova was used to test for differences between groups and within groups over time. Values for stride duration, stance phase percentage, and minimum metacarpophalangeal joint angle obtained before treatment were not significantly different from values obtained after treatment. Maximum metacarpophalangeal joint angle, which occurred during the stance phase of the stride, and range of joint motion were significantly increased for foals in the treatment group, compared with foals in the control group.
Scintigraphy for diagnosis of avulsions of the origin of the suspensory ligament in horses: 51 cases (1980–1993)
Authors: Edwards Ryland B. , Ducharme Norm G. , Fubini Susan L. , Yeager Amy E. , Kallfelz Francis A. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
The medical records of 34 horses with a diagnosis of avulsion of the origin of the suspensory ligament that had been admitted to the veterinary medical teaching hospital between 1980 and 1993 were identified. In addition to clinical examination, 21 of 34 horses had scintigraphy and radiography performed during their examination. The usefulness of scintigraphy and radiography were assessed by comparing the initial findings reported in the medical record to those obtained in a retrospective review of the images. Thirty other horses with scintigraphic lesions of the proximal aspect of the third metacarpal/metatarsal bone but with a confirmed diagnosis other than avulsion of the suspensory ligament served as controls for lesion specificity. Scintigraphy (bone phase, n=21) revealed increased uptake in all horses in both reviews. Only 14 of 21 (67%) horses radiographed, however, had at least 1 lesion during the initial radiographic evaluation that was reported to be suggestive of avulsion. When the radiographs were reviewed retrospectively, the radiologist identified 18 of 21 (86%) horses with lesions consistent with avulsion. The interpretation of scintigraphy appeared to be a more repeatable and sensitive diagnostic method than radiography. However, though scintigraphy was sensitive in identifying inflammation of the proximal aspect of the metacarpal/metatarsal region, no specific diagnosis of avulsion could be made without coincident radiography; the specificity of scintigraphy in diagnosing avulsion of the suspensory ligament was only 41% (21/51). Radiography of the proximal aspect of the third metacarpal/tarsal bone was found to be falsely negative in 3 of 21 (14%) horses on retrospective evaluation and in 7 of 21 (33%) horses on initial evaluation, perhaps because radiographic signs of disease were subtle.
Measurement of serum bile acids concentrations for diagnosis of hepatobiliary disease in cats
Authors: Center S. A. , Erb H. N. , Joseph S. A. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Serum bile acid concentrations were measured after food had been withheld for 12 hours (fasting serum bile acid [
fsba] concentration) and 2 hours after a meal (postprandial serum bile acid [
psba] concentration) using a direct enzymatic procedure in 108 cats clinically suspected of having hepatobiliary disease. In all cats, liver tissue was examined histologically to confirm the diagnosis. Twenty-six cats did not have histologic evidence of hepatobiliary disease and served as controls. The remaining 82 cats had hepatobiliary disease including hepatic lipidosis (n = 20), portosystemic vascular anomaly (n = 24), hepatic necrosis (n = 13), hepatic neoplasia (n =8), or cholestatic hepatic disease (n = 17). Sensitivity and specificity of measuring
fsba and
psba concentrations were calculated for each test alone and when results were interpreted in combination (ie, in series and in parallel), and were compared with sensitivity and specificity of routinely used serum biochemical tests, including measuring serum activities of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and γ- glutamyltransferase, and measuring serum concentrations of cholesterol,
bun, and total bilirubin.
When tests were considered individually, determination of
fsba and
psba concentrations had higher specificity than did the other tests (using a cutoff of 15 μmol/L for
fsba concentration and of 20 μmol/L for
psba concentration). Determination of
psba concentration had the highest sensitivity of all single tests in cats with hepatic lipidosis, portosystemic vascular anomaly, or cholestasis; determination of alanine aminotransferase activity or
psba concentration had the highest sensitivity for cats with hepatic neoplasia; and determination of aspartate aminotransferase activity had the highest sensitivity for cats with hepatic necrosis. For all cats with hepatobiliary disease, determination of
psba concentration had the highest sensitivity of any single test.
Combination testing using results of measuring total serum bile acid concentrations in conjunction with results of measuring serum enzyme activity or total bilirubin concentration gave the best overall test performance. Results indicate that both the
fsba and
psba concentration should be determined, but that if paired samples cannot be collected, the
psba concentration should be preferentially measured. In a small number of cats (6/108), the
fsba concentration exceeded the
psba concentration.
Treatment of dogs with wounds of the limbs caused by shearing forces: 98 cases (1975-1993)
Authors: Beardsley Stephanie L. , Schrader Steven C. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Medical records of 98 dogs with wounds of the limbs caused by shearing forces (shearing wounds) were reviewed. Shearing wounds were reported most often in young dogs of many breeds, and most often resulted from trauma received during an encounter with an automobile. Wounds were located mainly on the distal portion of the limbs, with the most common site being the medial aspect of the tarsus and metatarsus. All injuries resulted in exposure of subcutaneous soft tissues, about three fourths of all injuries resulted in bone or joint exposure, and slightly more than half of the dogs had joint instability. All wounds were lavaged and debrided. Wounds were sutured, using primary closure techniques or methods that allowed the wound to remain partially or totally open to heal by second intention. Bandages were applied in all dogs. Most bandages were reinforced with a splint device. Grafting procedures or internal fixation devices were not used in initial treatment of the injuries. In the study reported here, healing time ranged from 2.0 to 8.7 weeks, depending on the size and depth of the wound and type of closure used. Mean number of anesthetic and surgical procedures was 1.7 per dog, and the mean number of rechecks after discharge from the hospital was 5.5 per dog. Outcome was considered excellent or good in 89 of 98 (91 %) dogs; these dogs were clinically normal or had only minor functional abnormalities after their injuries healed. Outcome was poor in 9 of 60 (15%) dogs.
Use of tension band wires in horses with fractures of the ulna: 22 cases (1980-1992)
Authors: Martin François , Richardson Dean W. , Nunamaker David M. , Ross Michael W. , Orsini James A. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Twenty-two horses with ulnar fractures were treated, using tension band wires alone or tension band wires in combination with pins or cortical bone screws. Age of the horses ranged from 2 weeks to 12 years (median, 4 months), and body weight ranged from 68 to 477 kg (median, 181 kg). Fractures were classified according to the Donecker and Bramlage ulnar fracture classification and included type 1-a (4 horses), type 1-b (4), type-2 (6), type-3 (1), type-4 (3), and type-5 (4) fractures. Tension band wires alone were used in 7 horses. Tension band wires were used in conjunction with unthreaded pins in 10 horses. In 3 horses, 5.5-mm cortical bone screws were inserted longitudinally instead of pins. A combination of a 5.5-mm cortical bone screw and a pin was used in 2 horses. In addition to pins and tension band wires, 4.5-mm cortical bone screws were placed in lag fashion to aid reduction of comminuted or oblique fractures in 7 of the 22 horses. Fractures healed in 18 (82%) horses. Four horses were euthanatized because of complications that included catastrophic failure of fixation during recovery from general anesthesia in 1 foal, septic arthritis and hyperextension of the contralateral metacarpophalangeal joint in 1 foal, and wound infection with partial disruption of repair in 2 horses. Nonfatal complications developed in 6 horses and included incision infection, partial wound dehiscence, carpal contraction, carpus varus of the contralateral forelimb, slight distraction of proximal fragments of the fractures, bent implants, and distal migration of pins. Long-term monitoring was performed on 17 horses. Of these 17 horses, 13 (76%) were able to achieve athletic performance activities, 3 had residual lameness restricting athletic performance, and 1 had severely limited activity as a result of lameness. Tension band wires can be used successfully for repair of ulnar fractures in selected horses.
Endoscopic and surgical retrieval of fishhooks from the stomach and esophagus in dogs and cats: 75 cases (1977-1993)
Authors: Michels Gina Μ. , Jones Brent D. , Huss Brian T. , Wagner-Mann Colette 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Medical records of 3 cats and 72 dogs that had a fishhook endoscopically or surgically retrieved from the stomach or esophagus were reviewed. Endoscopic retrieval was successful in 41 of 62 (66%) animals, and retrieval time and hospitalization time for endoscopic retrieval were significantly shorter than times for surgical retrieval. Rate of failure of endoscopic retrieval was higher for animals with treble-barb, rather than single-barb, fishhooks. Whether a fishhook could be successfully retrieved endoscopically was independent of body weight, amount of time the fishhook had been present, location of the hook, and orientation within the esophagus.
Loop colostomy for treatment of grade-3 rectal tears in horses: seven cases (1983-1994)
Authors: Blikslager Anthony T. , Bristol David G. , Bowman Karl F. , Engelbert Theresa A. 
Published: December 2023

Objective—
To determine the feasibility of performing a single-incision loop colostomy for treatment of grade-3 rectal tears in horses.

Design—
Retrospective case series.

Animals—
Seven adult horses with grade-3 rectal tears.

Procedure—
A single-incision loop colostomy was performed with horses under general anesthesia (n = 6) or while restrained in standing stocks (n = 1). The rectal tear was lavaged via an endoscope. The colostomy was resected after the rectal tear healed.

Results—
Rectal tears ranged from 4 to 10 cm in diameter and were > 25 cm proximal to the anus. All horses survived colostomy surgery. One horse was euthanatized at the request of the owner 1 day after surgery. Six horses underwent colostomy resection 13 to 30 days after colostomy. All horses had evidence of atrophy of the distal portion of the small colon, predisposing to impaction at the small colon anastomosis in 2 horses. One horse was euthanatized while hospitalized because of severe recurrent colic. Five horses were discharged from the hospital 31 to 45 days after admission. One horse was euthanatized 60 months after discharge from the hospital because of severe colic, and 4 horses were alive at the time of follow-up evaluation (3 to 12 months after discharge).

Clinical implications—
The prognosis for horses with grade-3 rectal tears treated by colostomy appears to be favorable.
Evaluation of factors associated with development of calcium oxalate urolithiasis in cats
Authors: Kirk Claudia A. , Ling Gerald V. , Franti Charles E. , Scarlett Janet M. 
Published: December 2023

Objective—
To evaluate dietary and environmental factors as potential risk factors for calcium oxalate urolithiasis in cats.

Design—
Case-control study.

Animals—
84 cats with uroliths composed of at least 90% calcium oxalate and 258 age- and gender-matched control cats.

Procedure—
Owners of cats with calcium oxalate urolithiasis and control cats were surveyed between November 1990 and August 1992. Owners completed a standard questionnaire administered during a single telephone interview. Data collected included information regarding signalment, environment, urination and defecation, diet, and medical history.

Results—
Calcium oxalate uroliths tended to develop in middle- to older-aged, domestic shorthair cats of typical weight. A gender predilection was not detected. Factors associated with an increase in the risk of calcium oxalate urolithiasis in cats were feeding urine-acidifying diets, feeding a single brand of cat food without providing additional foods or table scraps, maintaining cats in an indoor-only environment, and being of the Persian breed.

Clinical Implications—
Control of diet and environment may help prevent calcium oxalate urolithiasis.
Evaluation of the benefits of the timing of pregnancy testing by transrectal palpation in dairy cattle
Authors: Thompson James A. , Marsh William E. , Etherington Wayne G. , Momont Harry W. , Kinsel Mark L. 
Published: December 2023

Objective—
To determine the benefits that were associated with pregnancy testing by use of transrectal palpation during the period 30 to 65 days after unsuccessful insemination of dairy cows.

Design—
Nonconcurrent, cohort study.

Animals—
Cows in 15 dairy herds in the United States and Canada.

Procedure—
Reproductive records of cows (n = 713) that did not calve within 294 days of first-service insemination and that had been evaluated for pregnancy 30 to 65 days after first-service insemination were examined. Records were analyzed to determine the day of parturition or date of culling and to determine if the probability of a cow being culled or the interval to parturition was related to the number of days after insemination that pregnancy testing was performed.

Results—
For cows that calved more than 294 days after first-service insemination, the interval from first-service insemination until parturition was associated significantly with herd, season, and treatment on the day of pregnancy testing with prostaglandin F2α or one of its analogues. Cows treated with prostaglandin F2α on the day of pregnancy testing were less likely to be culled than nontreated cows. For cows pregnancy tested 30 to 65 days after insemination, each additional day after day 30 before pregnancy testing was performed resulted in an increase of 1.09 days in the interval until parturition.

Clinical Implications—
Pregnancy testing by means of transrectal palpation as soon as possible after day 30 after insemination can result in shorter calving intervals.
Effects of mydriatic agents in cockatoos, African gray parrots, and Blue-fronted Amazon parrots
Authors: Ramer Jan C. , Paul-Murphy Joanne , Brunson David , Murphy Christopher J. 
Published: December 2023

Objective—
To compare, in psittacines, the mydriatic effects of several topically applied curariform, sympathomimetic, and parasympatholytic drugs with and without the addition of surface-acting penetrating agents.

Design—
Prospective, randomized controlled trial.

Animals—
10 adult cockatoos (Cacatua sulphurea subspecies), 2 adult African gray parrots (Psittacus erithacus), and 3 adult Blue-fronted Amazon parrots (Amazona aesiiva).

Procedure—
Three curariform drugs (d-tubocurarine, pancuronium, and vecuronium bromide) and 2 autonomic drugs (atropine and phenylephrine hydrochloride) were evaluated. Drugs were tested with and without the addition of a surface-acting penetrating agent, either saponin or benzalkonium chloride. The agent that resulted in the most significant change in pupillary diameter with the fewest systemic side effects in the cockatoos then was evaluated for its effects in the African gray parrots and the Blue-fronted Amazon parrots. During each drug trial, 1 eye was randomly selected to receive the control drug (0.9% NaCI), and the opposite eye was selected to receive the test drug. Each pupil was videotaped 5 (cockatoos only), 15, 30, 45, 60, and 75 minutes after treatment. Pupil diameters were measured by use of a computerized image analysis system. Data for pupil size were analyzed by means of repeated measures ANOVA.

Results—
Vecuronium without the addition of a surface-acting penetrating agent produced the most consistent and greatest pupillary dilatation in all 3 species with the fewest systemic side effects.

Clinical Implications—
Vecuronium is potentially a clinically useful, topical mydriatic agent for use in avian species. Documented differences in the prevalence of systemic side effects between species suggests that caution should be applied when applying this drug bilaterally. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996;208:227-230)
Effect of dietary protein content on behavior in dogs
Authors: Dodman Nicholas H. , Reisner Ilana , Shuster Louis , Rand William , Luescher U. Andrew , Robinson Ian , Houpt Katherine A. 
Published: December 2023

Objective—
To determine the effect that feeding diets containing a low (17%), medium (25%), or high (32%) protein content would have on behavior in dogs.

Design—
Prospective, controlled study.

Animals—
12 dogs with dominance aggression, 12 dogs with hyperactivity, 12 dogs with territorial aggression, and 14 control dogs without behavioral problems.

Procedure—
Dogs were fed each of the diets for a 2-week period, and owners were instructed to score their dogs' behavior on a daily basis.

Results—
Behavior of the dogs with dominance aggression, dogs with hyperactivity, and control dogs was unchanged by the dietary manipulations. Territorial aggression was significantly reduced when dogs were fed the low- or medium-protein diet, compared with territorial aggression when fed the high-protein diet. Post hoc analysis indicated that this effect was attributable to a marked reduction in aggression in a subset of the group (n = 7) in which territorial aggression was a result of fear.

Clinical Implications—
Results of this study suggest that a reduction in dietary protein content is not generally useful in the treatment of behavior problems in dogs, but may be appropriate in dogs with territorial aggression that is a result of fear. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996;208:376-379)