bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asymmetric air gap fault detection in linear permanent magnet Vernier machines
Authors: Arianborna Mohammadhossein , Faiz Jawad , Ghods Mehrage , Erfani-Nik Amirhossein 
Published: November 2023

Purpose
The aim of this paper is to introduce an accurate asymmetric fault index for the diagnosis of the faulty linear permanent magnet Vernier machine (LPMVM).

Design/methodology/approach
Three-dimensional finite element method is applied to model the LPMVM. The geometrical and physical properties of the machine, the effect of stator and translator teeth, magnetic saturation of core and nonuniform air gap due to asymmetric fault are taken into account in the simulation. The air gap asymmetric fault is proposed. This analytical method estimates the air gap flux density of an LPMVM.

Findings
This paper presents an analytical method to predict the performance of a healthy and faulty LPMVM. The introduced index is based on the frequency patterns of the stator current. Besides, the robustness of the index in different loads and fault severity is addressed.

Originality/value
Introducing index for air gap asymmetry fault diagnosis of LPMVM.
Value creation for online collaboration between doctors and medical institutions: empirical evidence from online health communities
Authors: Zhang Manyang , Yang Han , Yan Zhijun , Jia Lin 
Published: November 2023

PurposeDoctor–medical institution collaboration (DMIC) services are an emerging service mode in focal online health communities (OHCs). This new service mode is anticipated to affect user satisfaction and doctors' engagement behaviors. However, whether and how DMIC occurs is still ambiguous because the topic is rarely examined. To bridge this gap, this study explores doctors' participation in DMIC services and its effects on their online performance, as well as its effect on patients' evaluation of them on OHC platforms.Design/methodology/approachThe authors propose hypotheses based on structural holes theory. A unique dataset obtained from one of the most popular OHCs in China is used to test the hypotheses, and difference-in-differences estimation is adopted to test the causality of the relationship.FindingsThe results demonstrate that providing DMIC services improves doctors' online consultation performance and patients' evaluations of them but has no significant effect on doctors' knowledge-sharing performance on OHC platforms. Doctors' knowledge-sharing performance and consultation performance mediate the relationship between participation in DMIC services and patients' evaluation of doctors. Regarding doctors' participation in DMIC services, its impact on doctors' consultation performance and patients' evaluation of them is weaker for doctors with higher professional titles than for doctors with lower professional titles.Originality/valueThe findings clarify the value creation mechanisms of online collaboration between doctors and medical institutions and thereafter facilitate doctors' participation in DMIC services and enhance the sustainable development of OHCs.
Politically connected business and real earnings management: the moderating role of family control and audit quality
Authors: Baig Mushahid Hussain , Jin Xu , Ali Rizwan 
Published: November 2023

PurposeThis study examines whether real earnings management (REM) choices are connected with the ownership structure of politically connected businesses (PCBs). The authors also discuss the moderating role of audit quality (AQ) and family control (FC) on the relationship between PCBs and REM.Design/methodology/approachThe authors' study sample comprises firms registered on the Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSE). The sample examines the financial data of the firms that remained listed for the last eight years, i.e. from 2011 to 2018, excluding nonfinance companies and firms with incomplete data. The authors test the hypothesis using feasible generalized least squares (FGLS) regression methods.FindingsThe authors find that PCBs show a high level of involvement in income-decreasing REM compared to nonPCBs due to lower litigation risk in REM. However, the authors' results also show that two monitoring mechanisms, AQ and FC, curb the opportunistic behavior of PCBs and reduce the intensity of REM in PCBs.Practical implicationsThe findings of the study are beneficial in decision-making for both internal and external stakeholders, such as creditors, shareholders and competitors. In countries like Pakistan, which fall in the category of emerging economies, PCBs show involvement in income-decreasing REM to change the accurate picture of financial information to attain personal goals, and investors in such countries have a low level of knowledge about earnings management strategies; thus, this study offers detailed knowledge and information to investors and shareholders about political connections and REM. This plays a crucial role for regulators in stiffening the rules and regulations to further assist in more secure financial reporting.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the literature by providing a nuanced understanding of the interplay between political connections, REM, FC and AQ in the business context. Second, family-controlled businesses often exhibit distinct characteristics and governance structures compared to nonfamily-controlled firms. Exploring the moderating role of FC in the following relationship could provide valuable insights into how family dynamics influence the financial reporting practices of PCBs. Third, AQ is a critical factor in ensuring financial reporting transparency. However, the interaction between AQ, political connections, and REM remains relatively unexplored. This study explains how audit oversight affects the earnings management behavior of PCBs.
Exploring consumers’ social media engagement in addressing plastic pollution
Authors: Sharma Shavneet , Singh Gurmeet 
Published: November 2023

Purpose
Plastic pollution is a major issue that plagues modern society. Scholars are interested in comprehending consumers’ behavioural actions to address plastic pollution. This study aims to delve into the determinants of consumers’ engagement with social media as a medium to address plastic pollution.

Design/methodology/approach
A conceptual model is developed that extends the behavioural reasoning theory (BRT). Using a quantitative approach, 476 responses underwent structural equation modelling analysis.

Findings
Results indicate that “reasons for” positively correlate with attitude and intention towards socially responsible engagement. Contrarily, “Reasons against” demonstrated a positive association with socially responsible engagement intention. Attitudes favouring socially responsible engagement correlate positively with the underlying intention. The moderation analysis underscores the positive relation of social return on social media with consumers’ attitude and their “reasons for” leaning towards socially responsible engagement intention. Notably, a positive connection was established between socially responsible engagement intention and the trifecta of consumption, contribution and content creation behaviours.

Originality/value
By enhancing the BRT, this research sheds light on novel perspectives regarding consumers’ engagement on social media platforms. Distinctively, it is among the handful of studies probing the influence of behavioural intention across diverse behavioural outcomes. The insights gained from this study, grounded in empirical evidence from an emerging market, are poised to guide policymakers, governmental agencies and industry practitioners in formulating effective strategies to combat plastic pollution. Additionally, the study can assist in achieving the UN sustainable development goals (SDGs), specifically SGD 12, SGD 13, SDG 14 and SGD 17.
Review article: Feasibility of brachiocephalic vein central venous access for the resuscitation of shocked adult trauma patients: A literature review
Authors: Green Madeline L , Kim Yesul , Hendel Simon , Groombridge Christopher J , Fitzgerald Mark 
Published: November 2023

AbstractVenous access is a key component of managing haemorrhagic shock. Obtaining intravenous access in trauma patients is challenging due to circulatory collapse in shock. This literature review examines the feasibility of direct puncture and cannulation of the brachiocephalic veins (BCVs) for intravenous access in shocked adult trauma patients. Three literature searches were conducted. OVID Medline was searched for articles on the use of the BCVs for venous access in adults and on the BCVs in shock. A third systematic search of OVID Medline, OVID Embase and Cochrane Library was conducted on the use of the BCVs for access in shocked trauma patients. After full‐text review, 18 studies were selected for inclusion for the search on the use of the BCVs for access in adults. No studies met the inclusion criteria for the search on the BCVs in shock and BCV access in shocked trauma patients. The BCVs are currently used for central venous access, haemodialysis and totally implantable venous access devices (TIVADs) in adults. There is a preference for the right BCV (RBCV) over the left as the RBCV is more superficial, straighter, larger, has less anatomical variation and avoids the risk of thoracic duct puncture. The BCVs appear to be stabilised in shock by surrounding bony structures. The BCVs may provide a site for initial, rapid access in trauma resuscitation. Further research is required to determine if the BCVs collapse in shock and if venous access using the BCVs is feasible in a trauma resuscitation setting.
Juvenile hormone induces reproduction via miR‐1175‐3p in the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta
Authors: Chen Jie , Guan Ziying , Ma Yunjie , Shi Qingxing , Chen Ting , Waris Muhammad Irfan , Lyu Lihua , Lu Yongyue , Qi Guojun 
Published: November 2023

AbstractJuvenile hormone (JH) acts in the regulation of caste differentiation between queens and workers (i.e., with or without reproductive capacity) during vitellin synthesis and oogenesis in social insects. However, the regulatory mechanisms have not yet been elucidated. Here, we identified a highly expressed microRNA (miRNA), miR‐1175‐3p, in the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta. We found that miR‐1175‐3p is prominently present in the fat bodies and ovaries of workers. Furthermore, miR‐1175‐3p interacts with its target gene, broad‐complex core (Br‐C), in the fat bodies. By utilizing miR‐1175‐3p agomir, we successfully suppressed the expression of the Br‐C protein in queens, resulting in reduced vitellogenin expression, fewer eggs, and poorly developed ovaries. Conversely, decreasing miR‐1175‐3p levels led to the increased expression of Br‐C and vitellogenin in workers, triggering the “re‐development” of the ovaries. Moreover, when queens were fed with JH, the expression of miR‐1175‐3p decreased, whereas the expression of vitellogenin‐2 and vitellogenin‐3 increased. Notably, the suppression of fertility in queens caused by treatment with agomir miR‐1175‐3p was completely rescued by the increased vitellogenin expression induced by being fed with JH. These results suggest the critical role of miR‐1175‐3p in JH‐regulated reproduction, shedding light on the molecular mechanism underlying miRNA‐mediated fecundity in social insects and providing a novel strategy for managing S. invicta.
Effect of atorvastatin on muscle tissues of dermatomyositis and antisynthetase syndrome patients with dyslipidemia
Authors: Borges Isabela Bruna Pires , Oba‐Shinjo Sueli Mieko , Lerario Antonio Marcondes , Marie Suely Kazue Nagahashi , Shinjo Samuel Katsuyuki 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionIn a recent study, we have shown that atorvastatin is clinically safe for dermatomyositis (DM) and antisynthetase syndrome (ASS) patients with dyslipidemia. Herein, we showed in an unprecedented way, the safety of atorvastatin on the muscular tissues of these patients.MethodsTranscriptome analysis was performed on samples of the vastus lateralis muscle obtained at baseline and after 12 weeks of atorvastatin (20 mg/day) intervention in DM or ASS patients with dyslipidemia [6DM and 5ASS received atorvastatin, and 2DM and 3ASS received placebo]. The results were analyzed considering differences in expression fold change before and after treatment. Histological and histochemical analyses were also performed.ResultsIn both groups, no significant changes were observed in genes related to the mitochondrial, oxidative, insulin, lipid, and fibrogenic pathways. Histological analysis showed a slight variability in the fiber size that was preserved after the intervention. In addition, the mosaic of muscle fibers was preserved in the internal architecture of the fibers and all histological regions. No fiber necrosis or atrophy, focal failures, subsarcolemmal accumulation, lipids, areas of fibrosis, or alterations in mitochondrial activity were observed. All muscle fibers were labeled for MHC I.ConclusionAtorvastatin did not promote significant changes in the expression of genes related to mitochondrial, oxidative, insulin, lipid, and fibrogenic pathways in the muscle tissues of DM and ASS patients with dyslipidemia. Atorvastatin did not also promote histological and histochemical changes in muscle tissues. Our results reinforce the safety of the administration of atorvastatin to treat dyslipidemia in patients with DM and ASS.
A network prediction model to quantify relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning (BEF)
Authors: Hou Jian , Fanin Nicolas , Ni Zizhao 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Biodiversity loss has a large impact on many ecosystem functions (EFs). It is urgent to quantify the effect of biodiversity loss on EFs, and much efforts are needed to determine quantitatively the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functions (BEF).

In this review, we first summarised the mechanistic models commonly applied in current BEF studies, and proposed a new BEF model based on species interaction networks. The ‘network attenuation model’, which is built up by an unsaturated network, quantifies BEF. Then, the implication of network attenuation model for the scale dependence of BEF has been studied. Finally, the network attenuation model has been tested using data from the BIODEPTH project.

We found that fitting models with the network attenuation model provided better results than other common fitting methods. The model fitting results revealed the scale dependence in BEF relationships, and demonstrated nonlinear changes in the BEF‐slope with the spatial scale.

We conclude that the network attenuation model can be used as an alternative approach to estimate BEF, and the information from this model can provide meaningful guidance for the allocation of resources for conservation efforts worldwide. More efforts will be necessary assess the effect of biodiversity on various EFs as the importance of interactions among species and species richness may also vary over time.
An AI‐based platform to investigate African large carnivore dispersal and demography across broad landscapes: A case study and future directions using African wild dogs
Authors: Cozzi Gabriele , Reilly Maureen , Abegg Daniela , Behr Dominik M. , Brack Peter , Claase Megan J. , Holmberg Jason , Hofmann David D. , Kalil Paul , Ndlovu Sichelesile , Neelo John , McNutt John Weldon 
Published: November 2023

AbstractUnderstanding dispersal patterns and demographic processes is crucial for the development of evidence‐based conservation practices. Obtaining such information relies on the ability to identify and track individuals across spatial and temporal scales relevant to the life‐history events under investigation. This knowledge can be achieved by combining photographic and sighting data collected by various sources with a high accuracy automated individual identification platform. Here, we present the African Carnivore Wildbook (ACW), an AI‐based graphical user interface tool capable of identifying individuals of several African carnivore species and specifically developed to accommodate the above outlined needs. We showcase the ACW functionality using the endangered African wild dog as an example. Pictures collected over an area >56,000 km2 and submitted to ACW allowed inferences on movement patterns and dispersal at regional and international scales; for instance, transboundary dispersal events >200 km were documented. ACW furthermore enabled monitoring some individuals for >4 years; such information is invaluable for reliable survival analyses. We discuss how the ACW can contribute to data collection at appropriate spatial and temporal scales to support population monitoring, scientific research and management of African wild dogs and other apex carnivores and to the conservation of these charismatic species.
The Orange County gardeners of COVID‐19: Making breath in landscapes of racial suffocation
Authors: Zárate Salvador 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis article examines Latinx residential gardening in Orange County, California during the first year of the COVID‐19 pandemic. The pandemic laid bare how the suburban home is a realm of racial suffocation, where the US white propertied subject is secured through unfettered access to the life, not just labor, of racialized and gendered workers of the domestic economy. Despite disposability, residential gardeners' frontline botanical work foments a practice of making breath that, beyond expanding life in the Southern California suburban ecology of lawns, gardens, and property, also crafts more than human mutuality from the grounds of the suburban home. Thinking beyond the paradigm of gardeners' “mow, blow, and go” labor, I track how their more than human mutuality, despite appearing to be pruned back, tarries on other's property with plants, soil, and trees in ways that reemerges beyond liberal humanist categorizations of labor and the human. In doing so, I demonstrate that, despite racial suffocation, residential gardeners' practices of breathing befuddle the aims of racial capitalist COVID‐19 inequity.
Lessons learnt in the screening and diagnosis of haemoglobinopathies
Authors: Daniel Yvonne , Henthorn Joan 
Published: November 2023

SummaryFor this paper, cases reported formally and anecdotally to the authors in their screening and diagnostic roles have been selected to demonstrate areas where errors have occurred, and caution should be exercised. The cases demonstrate that it is vital that the performance and limitations of the techniques used, along with the phenotypic presentation of cases where haemoglobin variants and/or thalassaemias are coinherited are understood by those performing result interpretation. Those who deliver the service as well as those who receive reports and give results and counselling should be aware of the complexity of the topic.
Why do we never have enough time? Economic inequality fuels the perception of time poverty by aggravating status anxiety
Authors: Zhao Qi , Ma Rongzi , Liu Zhenzhen , Wang Tianxin , Sun Xiaomin , van Prooijen Jan‐Willem , Dong Mengxi , Yuan Yue 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPeople in many societies report that they do not have enough time. What makes people feel so rushed? We propose that economic inequality leads to perceived time poverty by increasing status anxiety. Five studies examined this line of reasoning. Study 1 (N = 230) found a positive correlation between economic inequality and perceived time poverty. Study 2 (N = 194) manipulated economic inequality to test the causal link between economic inequality and perceived time poverty. The results showed that people perceived more time poverty in the high (vs. low) economic inequality condition. Study 3 (N = 381) supported the mediating role of status anxiety in the relationship between economic inequality and perceived time poverty using a questionnaire survey. Study 4 (pre‐registered; N = 283) manipulated economic inequality in an ecological valid way and yielded further support for the hypotheses. In pre‐registered Study 5 (N = 233), a blockage manipulation design was employed to test the mediating effect of status anxiety as a function of economic inequality, which provided causal evidence for the proposed mediator. Our findings suggest that economic inequality serves as a structural societal factor that fuels people's perception of time poverty.
Effects of different insulin sensitisers in the management of polycystic ovary syndrome: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Melin Johanna M. , Forslund Maria , Alesi Simon J. , Piltonen Terhi , Romualdi Daniela , Spritzer Poli M. , Tay Chau Thien , Pena Alexia S. , Witchel Selma F. , Mousa Aya , Teede Helena J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveCharacteristic features of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) include insulin resistance and an increased risk for type 2 diabetes. To promote improved insulin sensitivity, insulin sensitisers have been used in PCOS. However, direct comparisons across these agents are limited. This study compared the effects of metformin, rosiglitazone and pioglitazone in the management of PCOS to inform the 2023 International Evidence‐based PCOS Guideline.DesignSystematic review and meta‐analysis of the literature.PatientsWomen with PCOS and treatment with insulin sensitisers.MeasurementsHormonal and clinical outcomes, as well as side effects.ResultsOf 1660 publications identified, 13 randomised controlled trials were included. Metformin was superior in lowering weight (mean difference [MD]: −4.39, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −7.69 to −1.08 kg), body mass index (MD: −0.95, 95% CI: −1.41 to −0.49 kg/m2) and testosterone (MD: −0.10, 95% CI: −0.18 to −0.03 nmol/L) versus rosiglitazone, whereas there was no difference when comparing metformin to pioglitazone. Adding rosiglitazone or pioglitazone to metformin did not improve metabolic outcomes. However, rosiglitazone seemed superior to metformin in lowering lipid concentrations.ConclusionsMetformin should remain the first‐line insulin sensitising treatment in adults with PCOS for the prevention and management of weight and metabolic features. The addition of thiazolidinediones appears to offer little benefit.
Relation of changes in PEF and FEV1 in exercise challenge in children
Authors: Csonka Leon , Tikkakoski Antti , Tikkakoski Anna P. , Karjalainen Jussi , Lehtimäki Lauri 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDecrease in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) of 10% or 15% in exercise challenge test is considered diagnostic for asthma, but a decrease of 15% in peak expiratory flow (PEF) is recommended as an alternative. Our aim was to assess the accuracy of different PEF cut‐off points in comparison to FEV1.We retrospectively studied 326 free running exercise challenge tests with spirometry in children 6−16 years old. FEV1 and PEF were measured before and 2, 5, 10 and 15 min after exercise. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV) and ϰ‐coefficient were used to analyse how decrease in PEF predicts decrease of 10% or 15% in FEV1.In the ROC analysis, areas under the curve were 0.851 (p < 0.001) and 0.921 (p < 0.001) for PEF decrease to predict a 10% and 15% decrease in FEV1, respectively. The agreement between changes in PEF and FEV1 varied from slight to substantial (ϰ values of 0.199–0.680) depending on the cut‐points. Lower cut‐off for decrease in PEF had higher sensitivity and NPV, while higher cut‐off values had better specificity and PPV. Decrease of 20% and 25% in PEF seemed to be the best cut‐offs for detecting 10% and 15% decrease in FEV1, respectively. Still, a fifth of the positive findings based on PEF were false.Change in PEF is not a precise predictor of change in FEV1 in exercise test. The currently recommended cut‐point of 15% decrease in PEF seems to be too low and leads to high false positive rate.