bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Structural Behavior Following Bone Scaffold Implantation in Multi‐Resolution Proximal Femur Images
Authors: Choi Jun Won , Kim Jung Jin 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBone scaffolds are increasingly regarded as viable alternatives to autografts and allografts in clinical settings. However, their effectiveness can vary based on certain anatomical characteristics, highlighting the importance of image‐based structural analysis. High‐resolution imaging is crucial to accurately assess the performance of bone scaffolds. Despite this, the resolution of current clinical medical images is constrained by concerns regarding radiation exposure. The efficacy of these analyses can be improved by quantitatively evaluating the similarities and differences between low‐ and high‐resolution images. This study quantitatively compared the structural behavior of bone scaffolds using both high‐ and low‐resolution images. This study downscaled a high‐resolution image, implanted a bone scaffold, and conducted finite element analysis. The findings suggest that the resolution needed for accurate structural analysis of skeletal images varies based on the implantation site of the scaffold. Additionally, it was found that the less influence the loading conditions have, the higher the resolution required to accurately assess the structural behavior.
The Role of Chronic Stress in the Pathogenesis of Ischemic Heart Disease in Women
Authors: Cairns Megan , Marais Erna , Joseph Danzil , Essop M. Faadiel 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTPsychological stress has emerged as a critical risk factor for cardiovascular disease, especially in women. While female participation in clinical research has improved, sex‐specific data analysis and reporting often remain inadequate, limiting our ability to draw definitive conclusions for women. Conversely, preclinical studies consistently demonstrate adverse effects of stress on female health, yet the molecular mechanisms underlying this association remain elusive. Evidence suggests that female IHD pathogenesis is more complex than in males, involving multiple factors, including inflammation, contractile dysfunction, bioenergetic impairment, and remodeling. However, many of these mechanisms are primarily derived from male studies, and molecular investigations in female models are limited, hindering our understanding of the underlying biological pathways. This is particularly concerning given the increasing prevalence of ischemic heart disease in postmenopausal women. In order to fully elucidate the impact of stress on female cardiac health and develop targeted interventions, further preclinical research on female models is essential.
2H,3H‐Decafluoropentane Endorsed Localized High Concentration Electrolyte for Low‐Temperature Lithium‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Wang Jie , Liu Yubin , Lei Haikuo , Sun Wenbin , Huang Xiaoyu , Ruan Yanli 
Published: February 2025

AbstractA lithium‐metal battery's electrochemical performance is affected by the kinetics of desolvation and ion transport at low temperatures. Here, we propose a low‐temperature lithium‐metal battery electrolyte. 1,2‐Dimethoxyethane (DME) is used as the solvent, 2H,3H‐decafluoropentane (HFC) as the diluent, and a high concentration of lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI) as the solute. The addition of HFC diluent increases the number of anions bound to lithium ions and decreases the number of solvents in the solvation structure, which is conducive to the desolvation process at low temperatures. In addition, the anion‐dominated solvation structure is conducive to the formation of an inorganic rich solid electrolyte interface (SEI), which effectively enhances the compatibility of LHCE‐HFC electrolyte with lithium metal. The LHCE‐HFC achieves ultra‐high coulombic efficiency of lithium metal anode in Li||Cu batteries (99.31 %) and Li||Li batteries (1080 h) that have strong fluorine content in the interface. The Li||LiFePO4 (LFP) cells provide a discharge‐specific capacity of 92.1 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C at −20 °C and capacity retention of 89.6 % after 200 cycles.
Creating Optimal Western Blot Conditions for OPA1 Isoforms in Skeletal Muscle Cells and Tissue
Authors: Mungai Margaret , Crabtree Amber , Le Han , Moore Johnathan , Nguyen Desiree , Rodriguez Benjamin , Harris Chanel , Stephens Dominique C. , Beasley Heather K. , Garza‐Lopez Edgar , Neikirk Kit , Shao Bryanna , Oliver Ashton , Wilson Genesis , Bacevac Serif , Vang Larry , Vue Zer , Vue Neng , Marshall Andrea G. , Turner Kyrin , Zaganjor Elma , Shao Jianqiang , Murray Sandra , Gaddy Jennifer A. , Wanjalla Celestine , Davis Jamaine , Damo Steven M. , Banks Lori D. , Hinton Antentor 
Published: February 2025

AbstractOPA1 is a dynamin‐related GTPase that modulates mitochondrial dynamics and cristae integrity. Humans carry eight different isoforms of OPA1 and mice carry five, all of which are expressed as short‐ or long‐form isoforms. These isoforms contribute to OPA1's ability to control mitochondrial energetics and DNA maintenance. However, western blot isolation of all long and short isoforms of OPA1 can be difficult. To address this issue, we developed an optimized western blot protocol based on improving running time to isolate five different isoforms of OPA1 in mouse cells and tissues. This protocol can be applied to study changes in mitochondrial structure and function. © 2025 The Author(s). Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol: Western Blot Protocol for Isolating OPA1 Isoforms in Mouse Primary Skeletal Muscle Cells
Shadows of Corporate Social Responsibility: An Experimental Study on Intensity, Motives, and Legitimacy in Organizational Reputation
Authors: Shahid Subhan 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe study examines when and how corporate social responsibility (CSR) intensity (high vs. low) leads to higher perceived organizational reputation. Drawing on stakeholder theory, the study also theorizes the mediating role of perceived organizational legitimacy and the moderating role of CSR motives (strategic vs. altruistic). Two studies, using a 2 × 2 between‐subject experimental design, are empirically tested using analysis of variance and Process macro moderated mediation analysis. Findings affirm that high CSR intensity leads to higher perceived organizational reputation via perceived organizational legitimacy. Additionally, the study demonstrates that altruistic CSR motives significantly strengthen the relationship between CSR intensity and positive stakeholder perceptions, compared with strategically driven motives. This finding offers essential empirical evidence regarding the impact of CSR implementation, shedding light on the psychological processes that stakeholders engage in when evaluating an organization's legitimacy and reputation. By focusing on how these cognitive assessments are formed, the research deepens our understanding of the nuanced role CSR motives play in shaping stakeholder perceptions.
Predicting ESG Controversies in Banks Using Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Dipierro Anna Rita , Barrionuevo Fernando Jimenéz , Toma Pierluigi 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTMistreating environmental, social, and governance (ESG) concerns has serious drawbacks in organizations of any type, and even more in banks. Deeply revolutionized in its taxonomy of risks, banking sector is herein evaluated in its integration of ESG parameters that, when lacking, leads to ESG‐related controversies (ESGC). Thereby, this research approaches the almost uncharted territory of ESGC in banks, by means of machine learning. Aiming at selecting the set of features that are relevant in ESGC prediction, techniques belonging to feature selection are used over a real panel dataset of 140 banks evaluated for a wide set of features over 2011–2020 time‐span. We find the power that governance‐employees dynamics detains in making out‐of‐sample predictions and forecasting of ESGC banks' risk. Finally, we provide implications for researchers, practitioners and regulators, further confirming the need for the rapid inroads that machine learning tools are actually making in the banking toolkit and in the regulatory technology.
Selective Recovery of Critical Minerals from Simulated Electronic Wastes Via Reaction‐Diffusion Coupling
Authors: Wang Qingpu , Fu Yucheng , Miller Erin A. , Song Duo , Brahana Philip J. , Ritchhart Andrew , Xu Zhijie , Johnson Grant E. , Bharti Bhuvnesh , Sushko Maria L. , Nakouzi Elias 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAtom‐ and energy‐efficient chemical separations are urgently needed to meet the surging demand for critical materials that has strained supply chains and threatened environmental damage. In this study, we used reaction‐diffusion coupling to separate iron, neodymium, and dysprosium ions from model feedstocks of permanent magnets, which are typically found in electronic wastes. Feedstock solutions were placed in contact with a hydrogel loaded with potassium hydroxide and/or dibutyl phosphate, resulting in complex precipitation patterns as the various metal ions diffused into the reaction medium. Specifically, we observed the precipitation of up to 40 mM of iron from the feedstock, followed by the enrichment of 73 % dysprosium, and the extraction of >95 % neodymium product at a further distance from the solution‐gel interface. We designed a series of experiments and simulations to determine the relevant ion diffusivities, DNd=5.4×10−10 and DDy=5.1×10−10 m2/s, and precipitation rates, kNd =1.0×10−5 and kDy=5.0×10−3 m9 mol−3 s−1, which enabled a numerical model to be established for predicting the distribution of products in the reaction medium. Our proof‐of‐concept study validates reaction‐diffusion coupling as an effective and versatile approach for critical materials separations, without relying on ligands, membranes, resins, or other specialty chemicals.
Enhanced Charge and Energy Transfer in All‐Small‐Molecule Ternary Organic Solar Cells: Transient Photocurrent and Photovoltage and Transient Photoluminescence Measurements
Authors: Caballero Rubén , de la Cruz Pilar , Langa Fernando , Singhal Rahul , Sharma Ganesh D. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractA donor‐acceptor‐donor (D−A−D) molecule, denoted as RC18, consisting of two nickel‐porphyrin terminal donor units (D) and a selenophene‐flanked diketopyrrolopyrrole central core, connected via an ethynylene linker has been synthesized. The highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy levels were measured showing values of −5.49 eV and −3.75 eV, respectively. We have utilized RC18 as donor along with two acceptors, DICTF and Y6, for OSCs and found that power conversion efficiencies were 12.10 % and 12.59 % for RC18:DICTF and RC18:Y6, respectively. The complementary absorption profiles of RC18, DICTF and Y6, along with the intermediate LUMO level of DICTF between RC18 and Y6, led to the fabrication of ternary organic solar cells. RC18:DICTF:Y6 based ternary attained power conversion efficiency of 16.06 %. The observed enhancement in the PCE is attributed to efficient exciton utilization through energy transfer from DICTF to Y6, increased donor‐acceptor interfacial area, suppressed charge carrier recombination and improved molecular ordering. These all factors contribute to improvements in short‐circuit current density (JSC) and fill factor (FF). Additionally, the open‐circuit voltage (VOC) of the ternary OSC lies between those of the two binary OSCs indicating the formation of an alloy between the two acceptors.
Water‐Triggered Direct Air Capture by Strong Organic Bases
Authors: Grundtvig Utzon Anders , Lee Ji‐Woong 
Published: February 2025

AbstractA key challenge for sorbent‐mediated temperature‐swing direct air capture remains to maximize the difference in CO2 loading under capture and regeneration conditions (i. e. the working capacity) while minimizing the thermal energy input required to alternate between the two equilibrium states. Herein, peralkylated guanidines were shown to capture close to 1 molar equivalent (or up 4.5 mol CO2/kg absorbent) directly from moist air (>60 % RH) at room temperature and completely release the entire quantity of captured CO2 upon co‐evaporation of water at 70 °C affording concentrated CO2 with a vapor content of 3 mol% and achieving a high working capacity with minimum temperature swing of 45 °C.
Post‐COVID‐19 pulmonary fibrosis: Mechanisms, biomarkers, and therapeutic perspectives
Authors: Sardarni Urvinder Kaur , Byrareddy Siddappa N. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPost‐COVID‐19 pulmonary fibrosis (post‐CPF) has emerged as a serious complication with profound implications for long‐term respiratory health. This short review explores the multifactorial mechanisms underlying post‐CPF, emphasising the role of oxidative stress, epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT), and dysregulated immune responses. Key signalling pathways, such as TGF‐β, WNT, and Cadherin, are pivotal in fibrosis progression, offering potential therapeutic targets. Biomarkers, such as MUC4, KRT5, and ATP12A show promise for early detection and therapeutic targeting, as they share molecular features with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and fibrotic interstitial lung diseases (f‐ILDs), suggesting opportunities to repurpose antifibrotic therapies. Despite these advancements, significant gaps remain in understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying fibrosis progression, hindering effective management of post‐CPF. Addressing these challenges through a targeted approach is critical to improving outcomes for survivors of severe COVID‐19.
Monocyte–macrophage dynamics as key in disparate lung and peripheral immune responses in severe anti‐melanoma differentiation‐associated gene 5‐positive dermatomyositis‐related interstitial lung disease
Authors: Shi Jia , Pei Xiaoya , Peng Jinmin , Wu Chanyuan , Lv Yulin , Wang Xiaoman , Zhou Yangzhong , Yuan Xueting , Dong Xingbei , Zhou Shuang , Xu Dong , Zhao Jiuliang , Liu Jun , Huang Jiao , Du Bin , Yao Chen , Zeng Xiaofeng , Li Mengtao , Chen Houzao , Wang Qian 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundAnti‐melanoma differentiation‐associated gene 5‐positive dermatomyositis (anti‐MDA5+ DM) is a rare inflammatory autoimmune disorder often complicated by life‐threatening rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease (RP‐ILD). The underlying mechanisms driving immune dysfunction and lung injury, however, remain poorly understood. The study aims to gain insights into the disrupted immune landscape in peripheral and pulmonary compartments of severe anti‐MDA5+ DM and explore potential therapeutic targets.MethodsWe employed single‐cell RNA sequencing to examine cellular constituents within five patients’ bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and paired peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Luminex assay and flow cytometry were further applied to validate the results.ResultsOur analysis revealed starkly contrasting immune landscapes between the periphery and lungs, with peripheral immune suppression juxtaposed against pulmonary immune hyperactivation. Central to this dysregulation was the monocyte–macrophage lineage. Circulating monocytes exhibited an immunosuppressive phenotype, characterised by diminished cytokine production, reduced MHC II expression, and features resembling myeloid‐derived suppressor cells. These monocytes were recruited to the lungs, where they differentiated into monocyte‐derived alveolar macrophages (Mo‐AMs) with robust proinflammatory and profibrotic activities. Mo‐AMs drove cytokine storms and produced chemokines that amplified inflammatory cell recruitment and lung tissue remodelling. Additionally, peripheral T and NK cells exhibited increased cell death and active migration into the lungs, which may be the cause of lymphopenia.ConclusionsOur study underscores the pivotal role of monocyte–macrophage dynamics in the immunopathogenesis of anti‐MDA5+‐associated RP‐ILD, offering critical insights into compartment‐specific immune dysregulation. These findings suggest potential therapeutic strategies targeting monocyte recruitment and macrophage activation to mitigate disease progression.Key points
Peripheral immune suppression and pulmonary immune hyperactivation characterise the distinct immune landscapes in anti‐MDA5+DM with RP‐ILD.
Circulating monocytes transition from an immunosuppressive phenotype in the periphery to proinflammatory and profibrotic Mo‐AMs in the lungs.
Chemokines produced by Mo‐AMs drive monocyte and other immune cell recruitment to the lungs, amplifying pulmonary inflammation.
Cleaning Interactions Between Crows and Sika Deer: Implications for Tick‐Borne Disease Management
Authors: Tomita Kanzi M. , Matsuyama Hiroyuki 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTCleaning interactions between mammals and birds have been widely observed worldwide. Here, we report cleaning interactions between sika deer and crows in Japan, based on a field observations using camera traps and online research. Online research was performed on social media platforms such as X (formerly Twitter), YouTube, and personal blogs. We finally collected 27 cases of cleaning associations between sika deer and crows. Crows associated with male more than female deer and mainly pecked their heads or necks, suggesting that crows remove Ixodid ticks from the deer's surface. Given that ticks on sika deer are vectors of several zoonotic pathogens such as Rickettsia and Borrelia spp., further studies should be conducted to examine the roles of crows as biocontrol agents of ticks and tick‐borne diseases.
Plant trait networks reveal the ecological strategies of Arabidopsis thaliana along ontogeny
Authors: Qian Hai‐rong , Tong Jin‐lian , Li Shu‐wen , Xie Jiang‐bo , Wang Zhong‐yuan , Li Yan , Lu Shi‐tong 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPlant trait networks (PTNs) quantitatively describe the trait correlation patterns, which constrain the dynamic responses and individual fitness of plants under climate change. Despite renewed attention directed toward intraspecific trait correlation within trait‐based ecology in the last decade, thorough descriptions of how trait correlation patterns within species respond to changing environments ontogenetically and influence ecological strategies are still lacking. In this study, a controlled experiment was conducted on Arabidopsis thaliana wild‐type (Columbia), with three treatment groups (control/drought/heat) over three stages of the life cycle (vegetative/inflorescence/reproductive stage). Thirty traits (aboveground biomass and seed biomass were not used in trait correlation analyses) were obtained to investigate how trait correlation patterns in particular life stages (three T‐PTNs constructed based on trait variation across treatments within life stages) and during whole‐life cycles (three L‐PTNs constructed based on trait variation across life stages in particular treatments) respond to stress. The results showed that traits were correlated along an axis within life stages, reflecting an economic trade‐off between acquisitive strategies (in control plants) and conservative strategies (in drought/heat plants). With ontogeny, the higher sensitivity of central traits (highly connected with other plant traits in a network) in T‐PTNs to stress resulted in more significant separation among treatment groups along the axis. Second, based on life cycles, stress decoupled trait correlations in L‐PTNs and decreased the value of central traits (related to carbon assimilation/accumulation) compared with the ambient control, resulting in lower fitness. These results suggested that central traits in PTNs drove the shifts in ecological strategies across changing environments, and the network topology (the connection frequency or clustering degree among traits in a network, describing the correlation patterns) constrained the resource utilization efficiency in plants; both affect plant fitness collectively. These insights will facilitate more accurate and broader applications (e.g., the assessment of plant fitness or sensitivity to stress) of PTNs in trait‐based ecology.
Regio‐ and Stereo‐Selective Ring Opening of Cyclopropenes with Triflic Acid: en Route to Vinyl Triflates
Authors: Xin Shu‐Ya , Wang Qian , Wang Fei 
Published: February 2025

AbstractHerein, we report a triflic acid‐mediated ring opening of cyclopropenes, affording vinyl triflates with high regio‐ and stereo‐selectivity. An intramolecular halogen transfer reactivity was also observed in this reaction, offering a tool to access the valuable vinyl chloride and bromide. The vinyl triflate products are applicable to palladium‐catalyzed cross coupling reactions, delivering various trisubstituted olefins and dienes with moderate yields.
A Multidimensional Regression Model for Predicting Recurrence in Chronic Low Back Pain
Authors: Huang Yilong , Li Chunli , Chen Jiaxin , Wang Zhongwei , Zhao Derong , Yang Lei , Zhang Zhenguang , Jiang Yuanming , Zhang Xiaolina , He Bo , Liu Zaiyi 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundRecurrence is common in chronic low back pain (CLBP). However, predicting the recurrence risk remains a challenge. The aim is to develop and validate a machine learning tool to predict the recurrence risk in patients with CLBP by using multidimensional medical information.MethodsThis prospective cohort study consecutively enrolled 341 patients with CLBP from two hospitals between 1 January 2021 and 31 December 2021. Patients from both centres were used for model development and internal validation, employing multivariate logistic regression (MRL) along with three additional machine learning algorithms. The multidimensional model (MDM) was used to predict recurrence in the next 2 years and was compared with the widely used prognostic tool, the STarT BACK Tool (SBT). The models' performance in detecting recurrence was evaluated using several metrics, including the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), decision curve analysis, accuracy, sensitivity and specificity.ResultsA total of 131 patients (38.42%) experienced recurrence. In the MRL model, factors linked to recurrence odds included progressive lower limb weakness, anxiety, mechanical pressure test, number of previous episodes, Oswestry disability index and multifidus proton density fat fraction. For recurrence prediction, the MRL‐MDM achieved an AUC of 0.813 (95% CI, 0.765–0.862), sensitivity of 85.2% and specificity of 70.2% in internal validation. In comparison, the SBT for recurrence had an AUC of 0.555 (95% CI, 0.518–0.592), sensitivity of 93.3% and specificity of 17.6%.ConclusionThe MDM may predict recurrence in patients with CLBP over a 2‐year period, surpassing the performance of SBT.Significance StatementThis study found that the STarT BACK tool is suboptimal in predicting the 2‐year recurrence of chronic low back pain (CLBP). Our proposed multidimensional machine learning model aids clinicians in identifying patients at high risk for future recurrence of CLBP and in implementing appropriate preventive measures. Given the considerable healthcare resource utilisation associated with the frequent recurrence of CLBP, our novel model provides significant assistance in addressing this issue, demonstrating substantial clinical relevance.