bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The similarity–attraction relationship revisited: divergence between the affective and behavioral facets of attraction
Authors: Michinov Estelle , Monteil Jean‐Marc 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn contemporary attitudes‐and‐attraction research, attraction has been viewed as a multidimensional construct. Moreover, the effects of dissimilar and similar attitudes have been shown to vary with the facets of attraction measured. The hypotheses tested are that (1) only the proportion of similar attitudes relevant to the social context or interaction goals affects behavioral attraction (i.e. interpersonal distance between the participant and targets), and (2) the proportion of similar attitudes influences affective attraction (i.e. Byrne's attraction measure), regardless of attitude relevance. Two experiments were conducted with classroom activities (Experiment 1) and a writing workshop (Experiment 2) as the social contexts. The results of both experiments supported the hypotheses. Clearly, a solely affective measure of attraction seems inadequate for understanding the similarity–attraction relationship. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Culture, gender and self–close‐other(s) connectedness in Canadian and Chinese samples
Authors: Li Han Z. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractFounded upon the theories of Independent–Interdependent Self‐Construal and I–C, the main goal of this study was to test, via an adapted IOS Scale, whether Anglo‐Canadians were more independent than Mainland Chinese in construing their relationship with family members and friends. Strong cultural differences were found in self–family connectedness, but not in self–friends connectedness. Chinese were closer to their family members than Canadians, but Canadians were as close to their friends as Chinese. In both samples, gender difference was found in self–friends connectedness, but not in self–family connectedness. In the Canadian sample, females were closer to their friends than males, while in the Chinese sample, males were closer to their friends than females. In conclusion, this study contributes to the field in three ways. First, the finding that Canadians are as connected as Chinese to their close friends unprecedentedly contests one fundamental assumption of the theories of independent‐interdependent self‐construal (Markus & Kitayama, 1991) and I–C (Hofstede,1980; Triandis, Bontempo, Villareal, Asia & Lucca, 1988) that individualists (e.g. Anglo‐Canadians) are more independent than collectivists (e.g. Chinese) on all dimensions of human relations. Second, the proposition (Cross & Madson, 1997) that Western males and females differ in the same way individualists and collectivists differ in their self‐construal is not supported. Finally, the adaptation of the IOS Scale proposes a refreshing direction in cross‐cultural research. Graphic representations may be less susceptible to cross‐cultural misconstrual than verbal statements since the former involves little or no translation from one language to another. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mutant frequency and mutational spectra in the Tk and Hprt genes of N‐ethyl‐N‐nitrosourea‐treated mouse lymphoma cells†
Authors: Chen Tao , Harrington‐Brock Karen , Moore Martha M. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe mouse lymphoma assay (MLA) utilizing the Tk gene is widely used to identify chemical mutagens. The autosomal location of the Tk gene allows for the detection of a wide range of mutational events, from point mutations to chromosome alterations. However, chemically induced point mutation spectra in the Tk gene of mouse lymphoma cells have not been characterized. In this study, we determined and compared the mutagenicity and mutational spectra of N‐ethyl‐N‐nitrosourea (ENU) in the Tk and Hprt genes of mouse lymphoma cells. Treatment of L5178Y mouse lymphoma cells with 100 μg/ml ENU induced a Tk mutant frequency of 756 × 10−6 and an Hprt mutant frequency of 311 × 10−6. Sequence analysis of Tk and Hprt mutant cDNAs showed a similar overall mutation pattern in the two genes with base‐pair substitutions accounting for 83% of non–loss of heterozygosity mutations in the Tk gene and 75% of all mutations in the Hprt gene. The most common point mutation induced by ENU was G:C → A:T transition (36 and 28% of independent mutations detected in the Tk and Hprt genes, respectively). The mutation spectra induced by ENU in both the Tk and Hprt genes were different from the respective patterns produced in mutants from untreated cells. About 9% of Tk and 7% of Hprt mutations from control cells were in‐frame deletions, whereas no such mutations were found among the ENU‐induced Tk and Hprt mutations. Our results indicate that ENU produces a chemical‐specific point mutational profile in the Tk gene of mouse lymphoma cells that is remarkably similar to that found in the X‐linked Hprt gene. This study provides evidence that the MLA can be used not only to detect point mutagens but also for analysis of mutational spectra. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 39:296–305, 2002. Published 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A preliminary description of the use of ‘Relapse Management Cards’ in anorexia nervosa
Authors: Page Lisa A. , Sutherby Kim , Treasure Janet L. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis paper describes the preliminary and novel use of ‘Relapse Management Cards’ in a group of inpatients with a diagnosis of Anorexia Nervosa. During the study period, 41 patients completed ‘Relapse Management Cards’ during facilitated family meetings. The patient generated the information contained in the card. Cross‐sectional analysis of the data contained in the cards provides information on plans to prevent relapse, signs of relapse and plans in the event of relapse. Certain parts of the ‘Relapse Management Cards’ were more frequently completed than other parts. Early experience suggests that ‘Relapse Management Cards’ may be an effective way of eliciting patients' ideas on care after discharge. There is increasing interest in the use of advance directives in psychiatry to which the ‘Relapse Management Card’ has relevance. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Relations between morphology, air flow, sand flux and particle size on transverse dunes, Taklimakan Sand Sea, China
Authors: Wang Xunming , Dong Zhibao , Zhang Jiawu , Zhao Aiguo 
Published: October 2002

AbstractField experiments on two isolated transverse dunes with different scales in the Taklimakan Sand Sea show that particle size and slope control the threshold shear velocity and sand flows on the stoss of the dunes. The decreased threshold shear velocity and the unsaturated sand flows are the main reasons why sands are not deposited at the toe of the dunes. The particle size controls sand flux through its influence on the aerodynamic roughness elements and threshold shear velocities. The sand flux is different for dune surfaces with different particle size distributions. Under the control of the medium to low stress of the drifting‐sand winds, the results of the field experiments and particle size analysis showed that sand transport had little influence on the particle size distributions. The mean particle size being transported on the stoss is lower than that on the dune surface. It is difficult to determine whether or not the wind is fully saturated with sands when sand flux calculation is mainly dependent on the shear velocity and the mean particle size. The sands within some range of the particle size are transported and developed into simple transverse dunes, and then the interdune surface is coarsened and alternated with the draas in the Taklimakan Sand Sea. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In‐situ gamma‐ray spectrometric study of weathered volcanic rocks in Hong Kong
Authors: Chen Margie Q. F. , Chan Lung S. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn‐situ gamma‐ray spectrometry (GRS) measurements were conducted at 35 sites in Hong Kong where volcanic rocks with varying extent of weathering were exposed. Elemental analyses using X‐ray fluorescence spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry were carried out on samples collected from these 35 plus 22 other locations to assess the feasibility of using the GRS method to quantify the extent of weathering. The Parker weathering index, varying within a range of 0·0–0·8 for the samples studied, was used as a geochemically based reference scheme for correlating the gamma‐ray spectrometric results with the extent of weathering. For the former 35 sites, the concentrations of the three major radioelements, K, U and Th, determined by in‐situ GRS were compared to laboratory‐determined values from the samples. The study reveals that no significant change occurs to the contents of the three radioelements during the initial state of weathering. But once the rocks become highly weathered, further progression of weathering is accompanied by a systematic removal of K and an increased dispersion of U and Th. The results show that K content, which is indicative of the extent of weathering, can be retrieved reliably with the gamma‐ray spectrometry technique. The study has given support to the potential use of the downhole spectral gamma method for evaluation of weathering grade and the detection of subsurface clay‐rich levels. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lessons learned about science and participation from multisite evaluations
Authors: Leff H. Stephen , Mulkern Virginia 
Published: October 2002

AbstractPublicly funded multisite evaluations should help bring safe, effective interventions to the mental health and substance abuse treatment fields. Two principles, science‐based practice and stakeholder participation, drive multisite evaluations of behavioral interventions. We examine the roles of these principles in the five programs described in this volume and draw lessons for future studies.
Eocene primates from Myanmar: Historical perspectives on the origin of Anthropoidea
Authors: Ciochon Russell L. , Gunnell Gregg F. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe phylogenetic and geographic origins of the primate suborder Anthropoidea have long been major focal points in the study of primate evolution. Field work in Africa and Asia over the past forty years has produced a bewildering array of fossil primates, many having been linked in one way or another with the early origins of anthropoids. Asia recently has become fashionable in some circles as the ultimate geographic source of anthropoids, while Africa remains a viable alternative for others. In this paper we discuss the history of discovery of the Eocene primates of Myanmar and then offer our views on the current status of these Myanmar primates in the ongoing debate over anthropoid origins.
Effects of agglomeration on the properties of spray‐dried encapsulated flavours
Authors: Buffo R. A. , Probst K. , Zehentbauer G. , Luo Z. , Reineccius G. A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA flavour model system was encapsulated by spray‐drying, using traditional carrier materials, and then subjected to agglomeration by fluidized bed processing. Flavour retention was not adversely affected by the secondary processing as long as agglomeration did not promote structure collapse. Agglomerated powders showed higher moisture contents, absolute densities and mean particle sizes than spray‐dried‐only powders. Surface oil decreased in the agglomerated powders as a consequence of the stripping effect in the agglomerator, but this reduction was not necessarily correlated with better shelf‐life. In general, agglomeration did not considerably change the properties of the powders beyond the limitations inherently associated with the carriers employed. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of essential oils from Algerian Origanum glandulosum Desf.
Authors: Ruberto Giuseppe , Baratta M. Tiziana , Sari Madani , Kaâbeche Mohamed 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe essential oils obtained from Origanum glandulosum Desf., collected in four different localities of the Sètif region (north‐eastern Algeria), were analysed by GC–MS and assayed for their antioxidative effectiveness. The antioxidant capacity of the oils was measured by the modified thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) assay, using egg yolk as oxidizable substrate in presence of the radical inducer 2,2′‐azobis‐(2‐amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (ABAP). The activity was compared with those of α‐tocopherol and 2,6‐di‐tertbutyl‐4‐methyl phenol (BHT, butylated hydroxytoluene). The four oils were also endowed with a high degree of activity at the lowest concentration (100 ppm). This activity is to be ascribed to the high content of phenol components, viz. thymol and carvacrol, which strongly characterize the composition of these oils. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On pressure boundary conditions for thermoconvective problems
Authors: Herrero H. , Mancho A. M. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractSolving numerically hydrodynamical problems of incompressible fluids raises the question of handling first order derivatives (those of pressure) in a closed container and determining its boundary conditions. A way to avoid the first point is to derive a Poisson equation for pressure, although the problem of taking the right boundary conditions still remains. To remove this problem another formulation of the problem has been used consisting of projecting the master equations into the space of divergence‐free velocity fields, so pressure is eliminated from the equations. This technique raises the order of the differential equations and additional boundary conditions may be required. High‐order derivatives are sometimes troublesome, specially in cylindrical coordinates due to the singularity at the origin, so for these problems a low order formulation is very convenient. We research several pressure boundary conditions for the primitive variables formulation of thermoconvective problems. In particular we study the Marangoni instability of an infinite fluid layer and we show that the numerical results with a Chebyshev collocation method are highly correspondent to the exact ones. These ideas have been applied to linear stability analysis of the Bénard–Marangoni (BM) problem in cylindrical geometry and the results obtained have been very accurate. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Measuring implied volatility: Is an average better? Which average?
Authors: Ederington Louis H. , Guan Wei 
Published: October 2002

AbstractOptions researchers have argued that by averaging together implied standard deviations, or ISDs, calculated

from several options with the same expiry but different strikes, the noise in individual ISDs can be reduced,

yielding a better measure of the market's volatility expectation. Various options researchers have suggested

different weighting schemes for calculating these averages. In the forecasting literature, econometricians have

made the same argument but suggested quite different weighting schemes. Ignoring both literatures, commercial

vendors calculate ISD averages using their own weightings. We compare the averages proposed in both the options

and econometrics literatures and the averages used by major commercial vendors for the S&P 500 futures

options market. Although some averages forecast better than others, we find that the question of the best

weighting scheme is of secondary importance. More important is the fact that the ISDs are upward biased measures

of expected volatility. Fortunately, this bias is stable over time, so past bias patterns can be used to obtain

unbiased volatility forecasts. Once this is done, most ISD averages forecast better than time series and naive

models, and the differences between the averages produced by the various proposed weighting schemes are small.

© 2002 Wiley Publications, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 22:811–837, 2002
Expression of Cre recombinase in the developing mouse limb bud driven by a Prxl enhancer
Authors: Logan Malcolm , Martin James F. , Nagy Andras , Lobe Corrinne , Olson Eric N. , Tabin Clifford J. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractSummary: We have used a Prx1 limb enhancer to drive expression of Cre Recombinase in transgenic mice. This regulatory element leads to Cre expression throughout the early limb bud mesenchyme and in a subset of craniofacial mesenchyme. Crossing a murine line carrying this transgene to a reporter mouse harboring a floxed Cre‐reporter cassette revealed that recombinase activity is first observed in the earliest limb bud at 9.5 dpc. By early to mid bud stages at 10.5 dpc recombination is essentially complete in all mesenchymal cells in the limb. Expression of the Cre recombinase was never detected in the limb bud ectoderm. The use of Prx1–Cre mice should facilitate analysis of gene function in the developing limb. genesis 33:77–80, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Efficient in vitro and in vivo excision of floxed sequences with a high‐capacity adenoviral vector expressing CRE recombinase
Authors: Badorf Michael , Edenhofer Frank , Dries Volker , Kochanek Stefan , Schiedner Gudrun 
Published: October 2002

AbstractSummary: Conditional gene expression or gene disruption using Cre/loxP‐ or FLP/frt‐based recombination systems are valuable tools for studying gene function in development and disease. Recombinant adenoviral vectors expressing Cre recombinase have been suggested as an alternative for deletion of floxed sequences. To further improve this approach we generated a high‐capacity adenoviral (HC‐Ad) vector expressing Cre (HC‐Adcre). In this vector all viral coding sequences are deleted resulting in decreased toxicity. In the present study HC‐Adcre efficiently mediated recombination between two loxP sites located in the genome of a reporter cell line. When intravenously injected into ROSA26 reporter mice, a floxed sequence was excised in hepatocytes resulting in expression of the β‐gal reporter. Our data indicate that HC‐Ad vectors expressing Cre effectively delete floxed sequences in vivo and have a significant potential as a tool for functional studies in mice. genesis 33:119–124, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sertoli and granulosa cell‐specific Cre recombinase activity in transgenic mice
Authors: Lécureuil Charlotte , Fontaine Isabelle , Crepieux Pascale , Guillou Florian 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe have established transgenic mice expressing the Cre recombinase under the control of the anti‐Müllerian hormone (AMH) gene promoter. Cre activity and specificity were evaluated by different means. In AMH‐Cre mice, expression of the Cre recombinase mRNA was confined to the testis and ovary. AMH‐Cre mice were crossed with reporter transgenic lines and the offspring exhibited Cre‐mediated recombination only in the testis and the ovary. In male, histochemical analysis indicated that recombination occured in every Sertoli cells. In female, Cre‐mediated recombination was restricted to granulosa cells, but the protein was not evenly active in every cells. From these results, we conclude that potentially, this transgenic line possessing AMH promoter‐driven expression of the Cre recombinase is a powerful tool to delete genes in Sertoli cells only, in order to study Sertoli cell gene function during mammalian spermatogenesis. genesis 33:114–118, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Empirical bayes methods and false discovery rates for microarrays
Authors: Efron Bradley , Tibshirani Robert 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn a classic two‐sample problem, one might use Wilcoxon's statistic to test for a difference between treatment and control subjects. The analogous microarray experiment yields thousands of Wilcoxon statistics, one for each gene on the array, and confronts the statistician with a difficult simultaneous inference situation. We will discuss two inferential approaches to this problem: an empirical Bayes method that requires very little a priori Bayesian modeling, and the frequentist method of “false discovery rates” proposed by Benjamini and Hochberg in 1995. It turns out that the two methods are closely related and can be used together to produce sensible simultaneous inferences. Genet. Epidemiol. 23:70–86, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chlorotoxin, a scorpion‐derived peptide, specifically binds to gliomas and tumors of neuroectodermal origin
Authors: Lyons Susan A. , O'Neal Jeffrey , Sontheimer Harald 
Published: October 2002

AbstractHighly migratory neuroectodermal cells share a common embryonic origin with cells of the central nervous system (CNS). They include enteric, parasympathetic, sympathoadrenal, and sensory neurons of the peripheral nervous system, Schwann cells, melanocytes, endocrine cells, and cells forming connective tissue of the face and neck. Because of their common embryologic origin, these cells and the tumors that derive from them can share genetic and antigenic phenotypes with gliomas, tumors derived from CNS glia. We recently discovered that chlorotoxin (ClTx), a 4‐kD peptide purified from Leiurus quinquestriatus scorpion, is a highly specific marker for glioma cells in biopsy tissues (Soroceanu et al. Cancer Res 58:4871–4879, 1998) that can target tumors in animal models. We report on the specificity of ClTx as a marker for tumors of neuroectodermal origin that include peripheral neuroectodermal tumors (PNET) and gliomas. Specifically, we histochemically stained frozen and paraffin tissue sections of human biopsy tissues from 262 patients with a synthetically manufactured and biologically active ClTx bearing an N‐terminal biotin. The vast majority (74 of 79) of primary human brain tumors investigated showed abundant binding of ClTx with greater than 90% ClTx‐positive cells in each section. By comparison, 32 biopsies of uninvolved brain used for comparison were largely ClTx‐negative, with only a few isolated reactive astrocytes showing some ClTx binding. However, as with gliomas, the vast majority of PNETs examined showed specific ClTx binding (31 of 34). These include medulloblastomas (4 of 4), neuroblastomas (6 of 7), ganglioneuromas (4 of 4), melanomas (7 of 7), adrenal pheochromocytomas (5 of 6), primitive PNET (1), small cell lung carcinoma (2 of 3), and Ewing's sarcoma (2 of 2). Under identical staining conditions, normal tissues from brain, skin, kidney, and lung were consistently negative for ClTx. These results suggest that chlorotoxin is a reliable and specific histopathological marker for tumors of neuroectodermal origin and that chlorotoxin derivatives with cytolytic activity may have therapeutic potential for these cancers. GLIA 39:162–173, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Challenging behaviours in nursing home residents with dementia: a randomized controlled trial of multidisciplinary interventions
Authors: Opie Janet , Doyle Colleen , O'Connor Daniel W. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractObjectivesTo test the premise that individually tailored psychosocial, nursing and medical interventions to nursing home residents with dementia will reduce the frequency and severity of behavioural symptoms.MethodsA four‐member team comprising a psychiatrist, psychologist and nurses conducted detailed assessments of 99 nursing home residents with advanced dementia who were rated by staff as having frequent, severe behavioural disturbances. Residents were then randomly assigned to an ‘early’ or ‘late’ intervention group and observed for four weeks. Interventions encompassed psychosocial strategies, nursing approaches, psychotropic medications and management of pain. Outcome measures included the frequency and severity of disruptive behaviours and assessments of change by senior nursing home staff.ResultsWhile improvements in behaviour were noted in both groups from the outset of observations, pointing to a powerful Hawthorne effect, consultancies were associated with a modest but statistically significant decrease in challenging behaviours. Staff assessments of the interventions were highly favourable.ConclusionsThe consultancies were effective and well received by staff. The change‐inducing nature of any new endeavour is an integral part of research in a long‐term setting. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.