bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the structural age of the Rhoscolyn antiform, Anglesey, North Wales
Authors: Hassani Hossein , Covey‐Crump Stephen J. , Rutter Ernest H. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractIn the Rhoscolyn area of Anglesey, the late Precambrian interbedded psammites and pelites of the Monian Supergroup are folded into a kilometre‐scale antiform, plunging about 25°NE and with an axial surface dipping about 40°NW. Numerous folds of up to a few tens of metres in wavelength are present on both limbs of this antiform. These smaller‐scale folds also plunge about 25°NE but clearly belong to two separate episodes of folding, and it has become a matter of longstanding controversy as to whether the larger antiform belongs to the first or second of these episodes. Close examination of the cleavage/bedding asymmetries from all the lithologies, however, shows that the large antiform is a second‐generation structure, and that on the gently dipping northwest limb, the sense of cleavage/bedding asymmetry of the earlier cleavage in the psammitic units has been almost uniformly and homogeneously reversed (so that it appears to be axial planar to the antiform), while in the pelitic units the sense of cleavage/bedding asymmetry of the earlier cleavage has been preserved. Many of the small‐scale complexities of the observed cleavage/bedding relationships may be explained by appealing to differences in the timing of the formation of buckling instabilities relative to this reorientation of the early cleavage in the psammites during the second deformation. A first‐order analysis of the finite strains from around the large‐scale antiform shows that the orientation of the first cleavage prior to the second deformation was steeply dipping to the southeast. The second deformation correlates with the southeast‐verging Caledonian deformation affecting the Monian and Ordovician units elsewhere in northwest Anglesey, while the northwest‐verging first deformation event, which is not present in the Ordovician rocks, must have occurred before they were deposited. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Major neotectonic features of eastern Marmara region, Turkey: development of the Adapazarı–Karasu corridor and its tectonic significance
Authors: Yi̇ği̇tbaş Erdi̇nç , Elmas Ali̇ , Sefunç Ati̇lla , Özer Naşi̇de 
Published: May 2004

AbstractEastern Marmara region consists of three different morphotectonic units: Thrace–Kocaeli Peneplain (TKP) and Çamdağ–Akçakoca Highland (ÇAH) in the north, and Armutlu–Almacık Highland in the south of the North Anatolian Fault Zone (NAFZ). The geologic‐morphologic data and seismic profiles from the Sakarya River offshore indicate that the boundary between the TKP in the west and ÇAH in the east is a previously unrecognized major NNE–SSW‐trending strike‐slip fault zone with reverse component. The fault zone is a distinct morphotectonic corridor herein named the Adapazarı–Karasu corridor (AKC) that runs along the Sakarya River Valley and extends to its submarine canyon along the southern margin of the Black Sea in the north. It formed as a transfer fault zone between the TKP and ÇAH during the Late Miocene; the former has been experiencing extensional forces and the latter compressional forces since then. East–West‐trending segments of the NAFZ cuts the NE–SW‐trending AKC and their activity has resulted in the formation of a distinct fault‐bounded morphology, which is characterized by alternating E–W highlands and lowlands in the AKC. Furthermore, this activity has resulted in the downward motion of an ancient delta and submarine canyon of the Sakarya River in the northern block of the NAFZ below sea level so that the waters of the Black Sea invaded them. The NE–SW‐trending faults in the AKC were reactivated with the development of the NAFZ in the Late Pliocene, which then caused block motions and microseismic activities throughout the AKC. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Telomerase as an independent prognostic factor in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Liao Chun‐Ta , Tung‐Chieh Chang Joseph , Wang Hung‐Ming , Chen I‐How , Lin Chien‐Yu , Chen Tsung‐Ming , Hsieh Ling‐Ling , Cheng Ann‐Joy 
Published: May 2004

AbstractBackground.Telomerase activity has been found to be associated with many cancers, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). We examined the association of telomerase activity with the clinical outcome of patients with HNSCC.Methods.A PCR‐based enzyme immunoassay method was used to measure telomerase activity in 217 matched (grossly normal and cancerous) tissues from patients with HNSCC. Pearson chi‐square test was used to analyze the correlation of telomerase activity with clinicopathologic parameters. Kaplan‐Meier method and Cox logistic regression model were used for prognostic analysis.Results.Of the 217 tissues assayed, 4.1% of the normal and 63.3% of the cancer tissues had high levels of telomerase activity. Telomerase activity was shown to be statistically correlated with extracapsule spreading (ECS) of lymph nodes (p = .005) and overall survival (p = .003). On multivariant analysis, overall stage (p = .007), tumor depth (p = .045), and telomerase activity (p = .008) showed independent variables associated with poor survival.Conclusions.Telomerase activity has been shown to be an independent prognostic factor for survival in cases of HNSCC. Telomerase may be a potential molecular target for clinical use in prognostication and therapy in cases of the disease. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 26: XXX–XXX, 2004
Depression in the early postpartum period and attachment to children—in mothers of NICU infants
Authors: Nagata Masako , Nagai Yukiyo , Sobajima Hisanori , Ando Tsunesaburo , Honjo Shuji 
Published: May 2004

AbstractDepression in early puerperium was evaluated in terms of maternal attachment in mothers of children admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in comparison to a control group of mothers of full‐term infants.A survey including Zung's self‐rating depression scale (ZSDS), a postpartum maternal attachment scale and items addressing the mother's feelings and peripheral conditions was conducted on mothers of children admitted to the NICU.Among the 153 mothers who gave valid responses, positive ZSDS scores of over 40 were seen in 61.8%. In terms of the children's disorder, strong depressive tendency was noted among mothers of low birth weight infants. Significant correlation was noted between the ZSDS and the ‘core maternal attachment’ (negative correlation) and ‘anxiety regarding children’ (positive correlation) subscales of postpartum maternal attachment. Path analysis revealed the father's positive reaction in learning of the pregnancy resulted in elevation of the ‘core maternal attachment’ score, in contrast to the control group mothers. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The influence of intercalator binding on DNA triplex stability: correlation with effects on A‐tract duplex structure
Authors: Sandström Karin , Wärmländer Sebastian , Bergman Jan , Engqvist Robert , Leijon Mikael , Gräslund Astrid 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe triplex form of DNA is of interest because of a possible biological role as well as the potential therapeutic use of this structure. In this paper the stabilizing effects of two intercalating drugs, ethidium and the quinoxaline derivative 9‐OH‐B220, on DNA triplexes have been studied by thermal denaturation measurements. The corresponding duplex structures of the DNA triplex systems investigated are either A‐tract or normal B‐DNA. The largest increases in the triplex melting temperatures caused by the intercalators were found for sequences having A‐tract duplex structures. Inserting a single base pair with an N2‐amino group in the minor groove, e.g. a G–C pair, breaks up the A‐tract duplex structure and also reduces the stabilizing effect of the drugs on the triplex melting temperatures. The large drug‐induced increase in triplex melting temperature for complexes having an original duplex A‐tract structure is correlated with a low initial melting point of the triplex, not with the triplex being unusually stable in the presence of the drug. Hence, we conclude that the large thermal stabilizing effect exhibited by ethidium and 9‐OH‐B220 on dTn·dAn–dTn triplexes is partly caused by the intercalators breaking up the intrinsic A‐tract structure of the underlying duplex. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A novel mammalian display system for the selection of protein–protein interactions by decoy receptor engagement
Authors: Ellmark Peter , Ohlin Mats , Borrebaeck Carl A. K. , Furebring Christina 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe emerging field of proteomics has created a need for new high‐throughput methodologies for the analysis of gene products. An attractive approach is to develop systems that allow for clonal selection of interacting protein pairs from large molecular libraries. In this study, we have characterized a novel approach for identification and selection of protein–protein interactions, denoted SPIRE (selection of protein interactions by receptor engagement), which is based on a mammalian expression system. We have demonstrated proof of concept by creating a general plasma membrane bound decoy receptor, by displaying a protein or a peptide genetically fused to a trunctated version of the CD40 molecule. When this decoy receptor is engaged by a ligand to the displayed protein/peptide, the receptor expressing cell is rescued from apoptosis. To design a high‐throughput system with a highly parallel capacity, we utilized the B cell line WEHI‐231, as carrier of the decoy receptor. One specific peptide‐displaying cell could be identified and amplified, based on a specific receptor engagement, in a background of 12 500 wild‐type cells after four selections. This demonstrates that the approach may serve as a tool in post‐genomic research for identifying protein–protein interactions, without prior knowledge of either component. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural basis of light chain amyloidogenicity: comparison of the thermodynamic properties, fibrillogenic potential and tertiary structural features of four Vλ6 proteins
Authors: Wall Jonathan S. , Gupta Vibha , Wilkerson Matthew , Schell Maria , Loris Remy , Adams Paul , Solomon Alan , Stevens Fred , Dealwis Chris 
Published: May 2004

AbstractPrimary (AL) amyloidosis results from the pathologic deposition of monoclonal light chains as amyloid fibrils. Studies of recombinant‐derived variable region (VL) fragments of these proteins have shown an inverse relationship between thermodynamic stability and fibrillogenic potential. Further, ionic interactions within the VL domain were predicted to influence the kinetics of light chain fibrillogenicity, as evidenced from our analyses of a relatively stable Vλ6 protein (Jto) with a long range electrostatic interaction between Asp and Arg side chains at position 29 and 68, respectively, and an unstable, highly fibrillogenic Vλ6 protein (Wil) that had neutral amino acids at these locations. To test this hypothesis, we have generated two Jto‐related mutants designed to disrupt the interaction between Asp 29 and Arg 68 (JtoD29A and JtoR68S). Although the thermodynamic stabilities of unfolding for these two molecules were identical, they exhibited very different kinetics of fibril formation: the rate of JtoD29A fibrillogenesis was slow and comparable to the parent molecule, whereas that of JtoR68S was significantly faster. High‐resolution X‐ray diffraction analyses of crystals prepared from the two mutants having the same space group and unit cell dimensions revealed no significant main‐chain conformational changes. However, several notable side‐chain alterations were observed in JtoR68S, as compared with JtoD29A, that resulted in the solvent exposure of a greater hydrophobic surface and modifications in the electrostatic potential surface. We posit that these differences contributed to the enhanced fibrillogenic potential of the Arg 68 mutant, since both Jto mutants lacked the intrachain ionic interaction and were equivalently unstable. The information gleaned from our studies has provided insight into structural parameters that in addition to overall thermodynamic stability, contribute to the fibril forming propensity of immunoglobulin light chains. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthetic peptide vaccine development: measurement of polyclonal antibody affinity and cross‐reactivity using a new peptide capture and release system for surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy
Authors: Cachia Paul J. , Kao Daniel J. , Hodges Robert S. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractA method has been developed for measurement of antibody affinity and cross‐reactivity by surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy using the EK‐coil heterodimeric coiled‐coil peptide capture system. This system allows for reversible capture of synthetic peptide ligands on a biosensor chip surface, with the advantage that multiple antibody‐antigen interactions can be analyzed using a single biosensor chip. This method has proven useful in the development of a synthetic peptide anti‐Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) vaccine. Synthetic peptide ligands corresponding to the receptor binding domains of pilin from four strains of PA were conjugated to the E‐coil strand of the heterodimeric coiled‐coil domain and individually captured on the biosensor chip through dimerization with the immobilized K‐coil strand. Polyclonal rabbit IgG raised against pilin epitopes was injected over the sensor chip surface for kinetic analysis of the antigen‐antibody interaction. The kinetic rate constants, k(on) and k(off), and equilibrium association and dissociation constants, KA and KD, were calculated. Antibody affinities ranged from 1.14 × 10−9 to 1.60 × 10−5 M. The results suggest that the carrier protein and adjuvant used during immunization make a dramatic difference in antibody affinity and cross‐reactivity. Antibodies raised against the PA strain K pilin epitope conjugated to keyhole limpet haemocyanin using Freund's adjuvant system were more broadly cross‐reactive than antibodies raised against the same epitope conjugated to tetanus toxoid using Adjuvax adjuvant. The method described here is useful for detailed characterization of the interaction of polyclonal antibodies with a panel of synthetic peptide ligands with the objective of obtaining high affinity and cross‐reactive antibodies in vaccine development. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Remote weather associated with South Pacific subtropical sea‐level high properties
Authors: Grotjahn Richard 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe subtropical highs in sea‐level pressure (SLP) are little studied and incompletely understood. In recent years, three groups of theories, i.e. tropical divergent circulations, subtropical Rossby wavetrains, and midlatitude frontal cyclone interactions, have been proposed for remote maintenance of these highs. The latter is presented here as a remote forcing of these highs for the first time in the reviewed literature. The focus of the study is upon illuminating associations between these mechanisms and the South Pacific subtropical high in SLP (SP high). Precipitation, outgoing longwave radiation, velocity potential, and divergent winds are used as proxy markers for the remote forcing mechanisms. The tools used include composites, one‐point correlations, autocorrelations, cross‐correlations, and cross‐spectra. Observational evidence, in monthly and daily data, is examined that appears to support each mechanism. Associations seen in monthly data are better understood in daily data at various lags. Convection over Amazonia, coordinated with suppressed convection in the western tropical Pacific, leads to enhanced SLP on the tropical side of the high. Midlatitude weather systems are the strongest influence upon the maximum SLP and the SLP on the higher latitude side of the high. The western side is associated with both middle‐and lower‐latitude phenomena, such as the South Pacific convergence zone. Various properties of the high have a strong period around 45 days. Associations to the Madden–Julian oscillation and El Niño–southern oscillation are explored and are strong only for the tropical side of the SP high. Copyright © 2004 Royal Meteorological Society
Re‐evaluating Antarctic sea‐ice variability and its teleconnections in a GISS global climate model with improved sea ice and ocean processes
Authors: Liu Jiping , Yuan Xiaojun , Martinson Douglas G. , Rind David 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThis study re‐evaluated simulated Antarctic sea‐ice variability and its teleconnections in a NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) coupled global climate model (CGCM) with improved sea‐ice and ocean processes. With the improvements to the parameterizations of sea‐ice dynamics and thermodynamics and of sub‐grid‐scale ocean processes, the new version of the GISS/CGCM does indeed do a better job in the representations of the local/regional ice–ocean interactions with regard to (1) the seasonal distributions of the Antarctic sea‐ice edges (SIE), and (2) the vertical temperature and salinity structure in the upper Southern Ocean and surface air temperature (SAT) climatology in the southern high latitudes compared with the control version. However, these encouraging local/regional improvements do not extend to the simulations of the polar and extrapolar climate teleconnections. There is no obvious change to the simulations of the dominant spatial covarying patterns of the SAT variability on either the regional (southern high latitudes) or global scales. The simulated teleconnections between Antarctic SIE and global SAT still show the weak El Niño–southern oscillation like correlation pattern in the eastern tropical Pacific, though the new version generates a stronger tropical Indian component. Some dominant observed teleconnection patterns in the western extreme of the tropical Pacific and over the tropical continents (in‐phase relationship between tropical South America and Africa) are still not well represented or are missed in the Antarctic SIE and global SAT lead/lag correlation maps and the empirical orthogonal function analysis on those correlation maps. The possible causes of the weak teleconnections in the improved GISS/CGCM are briefly discussed. Copyright © 2004 Royal Meteorological Society
Observed and modelled climatology of the land–sea breeze circulation over the Persian Gulf
Authors: Zhu M. , Atkinson B. W. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractA combination of observations and a numerical model revealed the meso‐scale structure of the near‐surface atmospheric conditions over the Persian Gulf. Low‐level winds were dominated by a single, coherent, perennial land–sea breeze circulation (LSBC) that varied seasonally and diurnally. In summer the sea breeze was deeper and wider than in winter. At night the core of the LSBC over the Gulf was confluent with uplift, whereas in daytime it was difluent with subsidence. Sensitivity tests with the model revealed the influence on the LSBC of the land–sea distribution, orography and the ambient wind. The latter resulted in different conditions over the north, east, south and west coasts. Over the north coast, where the opposing ambient wind created a sea breeze front, landward penetration was very limited; over the south coast it was over 250 km. The thermal effect of the Iranian mountains accentuated the depth and penetration, landward and seaward, of the LSBC, thus influencing the duration of the land and sea breezes over the east coast. From spring to autumn the marine boundary layer over the Gulf was shallow, cool, moist and stable, with strong vertical gradients of temperature and humidity at its top. Its depth increased in the ambient flow from northwest to southeast and also, in daytime, from west to east, because of different magnitudes of the subsidence in the sea breeze circulation over the west and east coasts. Copyright © 2004 Royal Meteorological Society
Brand alliance and customer‐based brand‐equity effects
Authors: Washburn Judith H. , Till Brian D. , Priluck Randi 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThis research examines brand alliances, a specific marketing strategy designed to transfer the positive brand equity of two or more partner brands to the newly created joint brand. The study explores how customer‐based brand equity (that is, brand equity as seen from the customer's perspective) of partner brands affects consumer evaluations of an alliance brand; how the brand equity of one partner brand affects the other; how customer‐based brand equity of the partner brands affects consumers' evaluations of the search, experience, and credence attribute performance of the alliance brand; and how product trial influences such evaluations. Results suggest that merely the act of pairing with another brand elevates consumers' evaluations of the partner brands' customer‐based brand equity, and high‐equity partners enhance pretrial evaluation of experience and credence attributes that are relevant to the high‐equity partner. As hypothesized, product trial moderates the equity value of the alliance partner for experience attributes, and brand equity of the partner brands influences consumer perceptions of the alliance brand's equity. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bilateral anterolateral thigh flaps for large‐volume breast reconstruction
Authors: Rosenberg Jason J. , Chandawarkar Rajiv , Ross Merrick I. , Chevray Pierre M. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractAutologous tissue reconstruction of a large breast in patients who are not candidates for a TRAM flap is a difficult problem. We present a case report of the use of bilateral free anterolateral thigh (ALT) flaps for immediate reconstruction of a unilateral large breast in a patient who had a previous abdominoplasty. Use of ALT flaps allows two or three surgical teams to work simultaneously, does not require intraoperative patient repositioning, has minimal donor‐site morbidity, and can provide ample malleable soft tissue for breast reconstruction. These are advantages compared to the use of gluteal donor sites. The disadvantages include more conspicuous donor‐site scarring on the anterior thighs. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Use of anti‐CD40 ligand monoclonal antibody as antirejection therapy in a murine peripheral nerve allograft model
Authors: Jensen John N. , Tung Thomas H.H. , Mackinnon Susan E. , Brenner Michael J. , Hunter Daniel A. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractMonoclonal antibody directed against CD40 ligand prevents acute allograft rejection in several models of solid‐organ transplantation. This study describes the use of CD40 ligand as antirejection therapy in a mouse peripheral nerve allograft model. C3H mice received 8‐mm nerve isografts (n = 2) or nerve allografts from C57BL donors. Treated animals (n = 11) received anti‐CD40 ligand antibody applied to the graft and by intraperitoneal injections postoperatively. At 3 weeks, nerve histology from treated animals was comparable to isografts, whereas untreated allografts demonstrated virtually no signs of regeneration. Walking‐track analysis demonstrated a trend toward improved functional recovery in treated animals. In conclusion, blockade of the CD40 pathway suppresses nerve allograft rejection in mice, and facilitates regeneration comparable to isografts. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Making a profit … and a difference: HP invents an organization to drive sustainability
Authors: Rosenberg Walt 
Published: May 2004

AbstractMore companies are realizing that doing well and doing good are not mutually exclusive. The merger of Hewlett‐Packard and Compaq has produced an innovative organizational model for addressing corporate, social, and environmental responsibility (CSER). HP's CSER group integrates these seemingly disparate functions and relies on influence rather than control to make sustainability a way of life at HP. © 2004 Hewlett‐Packard Development Company, L.P.