bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uncertainty and Complexity in Cabinet Formation
Authors: Winter Lieven De , Dumont Patrick 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Bargaining is a foundational process of democracy. It pervades every phase of the life cycle of parliamentary politics. In this life cycle, cabinet formation sets the stage for policymaking, which occasionally in turn leads governments to resign, which may be followed by elections, which in turn give rise to the formation of a successor government, and so forth. Then the cycle begins all over again. Any one of these moments in the cycle could serve as a starting point for an examination of coalition politics. Yet, there is one phase of the parliamentary ‘life cycle’ in which inter-party, and often intra-party, bargaining is truly the focal point of political interest, and that is the process of cabinet (government) formation. It is here that bargaining between and within parties is most visible, most intense, and perhaps most decisive. This formative phase of the parliamentary life cycle will indeed be the starting point of our journey in this volume.
Coalition Agreements and Cabinet Governance
Authors: Müller Wolfgang C , Strøm Kaare 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
All cabinet coalitions are based on some initial agreement between the partners. At a minimum, they have to agree on which parties will participate in the government and on the division of cabinet offices. Otherwise, no government could assume office. In most cases, the coalition partners will make an agreement that goes beyond the division of high office spoils. They may define the government’s policy agenda, from at a minimum identifying its top priorities (e.g. budgetary restraint) to detailing a policy programme that seeks to anticipate all major legislation and government decisions of the parliamentary term. They may agree on some set of rules under which they will cooperate in government. They may even decide how they will interact in other institutions or at other levels of government. But these coalition agreements vary greatly in their contents, formality, and comprehensiveness. In this chapter, we discuss the precise nature of such agreements and identify the causes of variation.
Conclusions
Authors: Lachowski Zdzislaw 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The confidence- and security-building measures of the OSCE are unique and remain the most elaborate and successful system and framework of this type in the world. In a sense, the OSCE CSBM regime is a barometer of broader 5erurity relations among the participating states. The CSBM process in Europe started slowly, forced its way past variou5 cold war obstacles and twists of policy and eventually generated an extensive collection of cooperative measures. norms and mechanisms. The question now is how current political changes will affect its status, form and content.
Unit roots and all that: the impact of time-series methods on macroeconomics
Authors: Smith Ron P 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Over the past twenty years or so applied macroeconomics has been transformed by the widespread adoption of a set of new statistical techniques. The techniques I shall focus on are: unit-root tests, vector autoregressions (VARs), Granger-causality tests, and cointegration, which I will refer to as ‘unit roots etc.’. Although these techniques were invented to answer statistical questions, they diffused very rapidly through applied economics because they were thought to be able to answer important theoretical questions in macroeconomics.
Making an impact
Authors: Hargittai István 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Once there is a discovery, the next step is to make it known so that others can use it and, in the final account, mankind can benefit from it. There are different ways for disseminating the results, from a press conference to a scholarly monograph. Holding a press conference as the primary means of communicating new scientific results is suspect because it circumvents the filter system of peer review, and there is seldom a discovery that calls for informing the general public before the scientific community. The most common and time-honored method is to submit an account to a peer-reviewed scientific periodical and to report to a scientific meeting. The whole process of communicating the results may have to start with naming the discovery if it is a truly new contribution.
The Dutch Republic
Authors: Israel Jonathan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The `Dutch Golden Age’, the age of Grotius, Spinoza, Rembrandt, Vermeer, and a host of other renowned artists and writers was also remarkable for its immense impact in the spheres of commerce, finance, shipping, and technology. It was in fact one of the most spectacularly creative episodes in the history of the world. In this book, Jonathan Israel gives the definitive account of the emergence of the United Provinces as a great power, and explains the subsequent decline in the eighteenth century. He places the thought, politics, religion, and social developments of the Golden Age in their broad context, and examines the changing relationship between the northern Netherlands and the south, which was to develop into modern Belgium. One of the principal aims of the book is to counter the oversimplification which characterizes so much history writing today, and to provide a new type of integrated history which draws the different dimensions of the discipline firmly together in strictly non-technical language. The result is a comprehensive and lucid account as useful to the reader primarily interested in artistic and cultural history as to the student who needs a survey of the Republic's institutions, class structure, and economic development. At the same time it will provide an invaluable aid to scholars interested in new research and new interpretations.
Society and economic life
Authors: Daunton Martin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The Great Exhibition of 1851, held in the Crystal Palace in Hyde Park, stands as a symbol of British economic power in the nineteenth century, a visible expression of the country’s economic might. No other country, before or since, has achieved such hegemony in the world economy. The Exhibition was part of the mid-Victorian boom, during which Britain dominated world markets in heavy engineering products, supplying the world with steam engines and machine tools, railway equipment and ships.
Women’s Perspective as a Radical Critique of Sociology
Authors: Smith Dorothy E 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The women’s movement has given us a sense of our right to have women’s interests represented in sociology, rather than just receiving as authoritative the interests traditionally represented in a sociology put together by men. What can we make of this access to a social reality that was previously unavailable, was indeed repressed? What happens as we begin to relate to it in the terms of our discipline? We can of course think as many do merely of the addition of courses to the existing repertoire—courses on sex roles, on the women’s movement, on women at work, on the social psychology of women and perhaps somewhat different versions of the sociology of the family. But thinking more boldly or perhaps just thinking the whole thing through a little further might bring us to ask first how a sociology might look if it began from the point of view of women’s traditional place in it and what happens to a sociology which attempts to deal seriously with that. Following this line of thought, I have found, has consequences larger than they seem at first.
The Egg and the Sperm: How Science has Constructed a Romance Based on Stereotypical Male-Female Roles
Authors: Martin Emily 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
As an anthropologist, I am intrigued by the possibility that culture shapes how biological scientists describe what they discover about the natural world. If this were so, we would be learning about more than the natural world in high school biology class; we would be learning about cultural beliefs and practices as if they were part of nature. In the course of my research I realized that the picture of egg and sperm drawn in popular as well as scientific accounts of reproductive biology relies on stereotypes central to our cultural definitions of male and female. The stereotypes imply not only that female biological processes are less worthy than their male counterparts but also that women are less worthy than men. Part of my goal in writing this article is to shine a bright light on the gender stereotypes hidden within the scientific language of biology. Exposed in such a light, I hope they will lose much of their power to harm us.
Shadow Prices
Authors: Dixit Avinash K 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Lagrange’s method, and its extensions and generalizations in Chapter 3, all introduce an undetermined multiplier for each constraint. The values of these multipliers are found as a part of the solution. The heuristic discussion of the consumer choice problem in Chapter 1 offered an economic interpretation for its Lagrange multiplier: it was the marginal utility of income. In Chapters 2 and 3 I hinted that a similar interpretation holds much more generally for constrained optimization problems. That is the focus of this chapter.
Towards a theory of economic forecasting
Authors: Clements Michael P , Hendry David F 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Some recent developments in the theory of economic forecasting using econometric systems are reviewed. Measures of forecast uncertainty for conditional and unconditional forecasts suggest a limit to forecastability and show the potential advantages of combining types of forecast to improve accuracy; but pooling forecasts from rival econometric models violates encompassing. Mean square forecast error comparisons are criticized in favour of generalized forecast error second moments: only the latter are invariant to linear transformations. We delineate five sources of forecast uncertainty: parameter non-constancy; estimation uncertainty; variable uncertainty; innovation uncertainty; and model misspecification. A theory of intercept corrections to mitigate such errors is discussed. Asymptotic forecast error variance formulae for nonstationary economic time series depend on the treatment of unit roots and cointegration but work well in finite samples, and show that forecast evaluation based on differenced data may fail to reveal inadequate models.
Beyond Interests in Politics: A Comment on Virginia Sapiro’s ‘When Are Interests Interesting? The Problem of Political Representation of Women’
Authors: Diamond Irene , Hartsock Nancy 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In ‘When Are Interests Interesting?’ Virginia Sapiro makes a number of stimulating and important arguments. Her article is particularly useful because it both suggests new research directions and serves as an example of the difficulties of approaching the study of women and politics within the conventional categories of political analysis. We disagree with Sapiro on a number of points, but rather than addressing these here, we hope to expand the discussion by focusing on the ways in which Sapiro’s arguments illuminate the problems created by attempting to make do with the conventional categories.1 Recent developments in feminist theory have begun to uncover fundamental weaknesses in the categories of political analysis themselves, thus forcing researchers to move beyond the positions Sapiro has taken.
Coalition Politics: Turning the Century
Authors: Reagon Bernice Johnson 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
I’ve never been this high before. I’m talking about the altitude. There is a lesson in bringing people together where they can’t get enough oxygen, then having them try to figure out what they’re going to do when they can’t think properly. I’m serious about that. There probably are some people here who can breathe, because you were born in high altitudes and you have big lung cavities. But when you bring people in who have not had the environmental conditioning, you got one group of people who are in a strain- and the group of people who are feeling fine are trying to figure out why you’re staggering around, and that’s what this workshop is about this morning. I wish there had been another way to graphically make me feel it because I belong to the group of people who are having a very difficult time being here. I feel as if I’m gonna keel over any minute and die.
Challenging Imperial Feminism
Authors: Amos Valerie , Parmar Pratibha 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Our task here is to begin to identify the ways in which a particular tradition, white Eurocentric and Western, has sought to establish itself as the only legitimate feminism in current political practice. [⃛ ] The growth of the Black feminist movement in Britain in the last decade has forced the question of the centrality of Black women’s oppression and exploitation onto the political and theoretical agendas.
The Politics of Postmodern Feminism: Lessons from the Anti-Pornography Campaign
Authors: Frug Mary Joe 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
A particular phase of the legal anti-pornography campaign is dead in the water. The ordinance which Catharine MacKinnon and Andrea Dworkin initially authored and then vigorously promoted in Minneapolis, Indianapolis, Cambridge, and other cities would have made pornography a form of discrimination against women. It would have permitted women to bring civil actions against those who produce, make, distribute, or sell pornography, which the ordinance generally defined as ‘the graphic sexually explicit subordination of women, whether in pictures or in words’. It would have provided civil remedies for the harm that pornography causes. But the Supreme Court’s summary affirmance of the Seventh Circuit’s decision holding the ordinance unconstitutional has rendered continued efforts to enact this particular ordinance very problematic.
Avoiding Constitutional Depression: Bad Attitudes and the Fate of Butler
Authors: Scales Ann 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
During the spring term of 1993, I was honoured to be the Walter S. Owen Visiting Professor at the University of British Columbia Faculty of Law. This paper is a revised version of the ‘Owen Lecture’, at UBC on 16 March 1993. That lecture transpired in the middle of a political firestorm about gay and lesbian sexual expressions, my involvement in which unfolded as follows.
‘Love Me, Master, Love Me, Son’ A Cultural Other Pornographically Constructed in Time
Authors: Chow Rey 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In an age in which ‘identity’ has become a crucial issue in cultural politics, the word we encounter most frequently is ‘other’. To think in terms of our ‘others’ is to think, critically, of differences and boundaries. Often, it is assumed that the differences that define our ‘others’ imply a subversion, transgression and revolution of the stable boundaries of our existing identities, and thus the return of those boundaries to their constructedness and historicity. And yet, precisely because as a concept the ‘other’ is no less relative in function than other concepts, it can be the occasion for conservatism as much as it can be the occasion for radical possibilities. This essay is an attempt to demonstrate this ambiguity.
An Introduction to Covert Policing
Authors: Hopkins Andrea 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Intelligence gathering by the police and security services has seen rapid growth in recent years. It is clear that secret surveillance, such as covert cameras, CCTV, tracking devices, telephone tapping, and any personal data collected during such covert activities amount to a serious interference with an individual’s enjoyment of a private life under the European Convention on Human Rights (‘ECHR’), Article 8.These activities engage ‘the right to respect for his private life and family life, his home and his correspondence’ as protected by Article 8(1) and must, if they are not to be in breach of this right, be justified in accordance with the qualifications set out in Article 8(2). The activity must be ‘prescribed by law’, which in ECHR terms means that the applicable legal rules must be accessible and formulated with sufficient precision to enable citizens to foresee, if need be with appropriate advice, the consequences of their actions. Actions must also be necessary and proportionate; secret surveillance is tolerable under the Convention.
Bank of France: The Challenge of Escaping Politicization
Authors: Howarth David 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Prior to 1994, the Bank of France could be described as the quiet giant of European central banking. Most comparative studies of central bank independence rank the pre-1994 Bank of France as one of the more dependent in its relationship to government. While responsible for the range of operations typical of central banks and exerting potentially considerable influence on policy making, the Bank was very much in the policy making shadow of the Treasury direction of the Ministry of Finance, which held ultimate control over most aspects of monetary policy and considerable influence in prudential supervision (Goodman 1992; Prate 1987).
Denmark and Sweden: Networking by Euro-Outsiders
Authors: Marcussen Martin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Both Denmark and Sweden have a paradoxical relationship to the European Union. Their populations clearly favour international cooperation in general and membership of the EU in particular. They are also among the most informed about matters related to European integration overall. Still, although public support for the euro seems to have increased over the last 15 years, the two countries’ populations belong to the most EMU-sceptical in the EU. Only about half of their populations thinks it would be a good idea to replace their national currencies with the euro, the Danes being slightly more positive than the Swedes (Figure 12.1).
Introduction
Authors: Onley James 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The situation of Great Britain in the Persian Gulf has been well described as unique; for … she has at no time enjoyed, or even asked for, territorial acquisitions in those regions; she has for generations borne burdens there which no other nation has ever undertaken anywhere, except in the capacity of sovereign; she has had duty thrust upon her without dominion; she has kept the peace amongst people who are not her subjects; has patrolled, during upwards of two centuries, waters over which she has enjoyed no formal lordship; [she] has kept, in strange ports, an open door through which the traders of every nation might have as free access to distant markets as her own.
The European Bond Markets Under Emu
Authors: Pagano Marco , Thadden Ernst-Ludwig Von 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The European Monetary Union (EMU) has probably been the single most important policy-induced innovation in the international financial system since the collapse of the Bretton Woods system. It has opened the possibility for the creation of a new, fully integrated continental financial market, of the same scale as that of the United States. By eliminating exchange rate risk, EMU has eliminated a key obstacle to financial integration.
The Sorcerer’s Tale
Authors: Ryrie Alec 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
An earl’s son, plotting murder by witchcraft; conjuring spirits to find buried treasure; a stolen coat embroidered with pure silver; crooked gaming-houses and brothels; a terrifying new disease, and the self-trained surgeon who claims he can treat it. This is the world of Gregory Wisdom, a physician, magician, and consummate con-man at work in sixteenth-century London. In this book, Alec Ryrie uses previously unknown documents to reconstruct this extraordinary man’s career. The journey takes us through the cut-throat business of early modern medicine, down to Tudor London’s gangland of fraud and organized crime; from the world of Renaissance magi and Kabbalistic conjurers to street-corner wizards; and into the chaotic, exhilarating religious upheavals of the Reformation. On the way, we learn how Tudor England’s dignified public face and its rapacious underworld were intimately connected to each other. Gregory Wisdom’s career is an object lesson in how to conjure up wealth and respectability from nothing in a turbulent age. And it provides a unique glimpse into a world intoxicated with new ideas, where it was impossible to know quite what to believe - or who to trust.
The ‘Neither This Nor That’ Economy
Authors: Raby Geoff 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The mixture of half-plan, half-market; neither-plan, nor market; pretend¬ socialism, pretend-capitalism, with ill¬ defined borders between legality and illegality; socialist moral codes and principles of market efficiency; neither this nor that; half this, half that; in short a condition of ‘market socialism’, the NEM [New Economic Mechanism], or ‘socialism with Chinese characteristics’, is an unstable condition---economically and ethically. Sooner or later (probably sooner) either plan and centralised social property, or market and private property must prevail and dominate the system (Prybyla 1986:43-4).
Low Pay and Household Poverty
Authors: Nolan Brian , Marx Ive 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
A number of major industrialized economies have seen earnings dispersion increase and the incidence of low-paid employment grow over the past two decades (OECD 1996a). Many have expressed their concern that, as a consequence, poverty in work has worsened. It is against this background that minimum wages, for example, have moved back into the spotlight. Much of the debate revolves around the question of whether and to what extent low-paid workers live in low-income households, and hence whether minimum wages are effective as a poverty alleviation device. At the same time, in-work benefits and/or tax credits are being introduced or existing programmes expanded, again with the aim of improving the living standards of low-paid workers. In continental Europe, where most countries have seen little or no increase in earnings inequality and where low-wage employment remains less widespread than in the Anglo-Saxon countries, the policy debate is somewhat different. There, prompted by the OECD, enhanced wage flexibility is being debated as a possible cure for persistent high unemployment. But there also exists a widespread perception that an expansion of low-wage employment would lead to a proliferation of the working poor. It is in this context that this chapter attempts to shed some light on the empirical relationship between low pay and poverty.
Japanese Labor Markets: Can We Expect Significant Change?
Authors: Rebick Marcus 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The dramatic rise in the value of the yen after 1985 has made Japanese firms much more conscious of labor costs, especially those that produce goods traded in the international market. The boom of the late 1980s bought some time for these firms, but the slump of the 1990s with the unemployment rate rising to 5 per cent in 1999, combined with the yen reaching a peak of 80 yen to the dollar in the Spring of 1995, has created a much stronger sense of urgency.
Birth Rate Trends in India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, and Pakistan: A Long Comparative View
Authors: Dyson Tim 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This chapter presents time series of annual crude birth rates (CBRs) for selected populations in South Asia. It argues that birth rates throughout the region were declining from the 1950s and early 1960s. In Sri Lanka, the CBR decline dates from about 1950. The turning point in Kerala’s birth rate may have happened slightly earlier, in the late 1940s. For West Bengal we present fairly convincing evidence that the CBR has been falling since about 1956. And the data strongly suggest that the turning point in Bangladesh’s birth rate probably occurred only slightly later. The CBR on the Indian side of former Punjab too was falling from about 1955. It seems reasonable to speculate that a similar trend was happening only a little later in core parts of Punjab province in Pakistan. In contrast, in much of India it is the early 1960s that marks the onset of sustained birth rate decline.