bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CARCINOSARCOMA OF THE FALLOPIAN TUBE: A CASE REPORT AND REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
Authors: Viniker D. A. , Mantell B. S. , Greenstein R. J. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA patient with a carcinosarcoma of the Fallopian tube is presented. She is the first reported from the United Kingdom and the 23rd in the literature. The clinical and pathological features, pathogenesis and management are discussed.
PLASMA PROSTAGLANDIN CONCENTRATIONS AFTER CERCLAGE IN EARLY PREGNANCY
Authors: Toplis P. J. , Shepherdj J. H. , Youssefmejadian E. , Jakubowicz Diana , Dewhurst John 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA prospective, randomized controlled study was made to measure the circulating levels of 13, 14‐dihydro‐15‐keto‐prostaglandin F (PGFM) in two groups of women having cervical cerclage early in the second trimester of pregnancy. One group of patients was given omnopon by intramuscular injection for 24 hours after operation and the other salbutamol by intravenous infusion. A significant rise in circulating PGFM was found in both groups after cervical cerclage and the magnitude of the rise was similar in the two groups; levels of PGFM in both groups had returned to the preoperative levels within 24 hours of operation. The levels of PGFM before and after operation showed no relation to the eventual outcome of the pregnancy, which was successful in 80 per cent of patients.
MATERNAL PLASMA UNCONJUGATED OESTROGENS IN EARLY HUMAN PREGNANCY
Authors: Harrison R. F. , Kitchin Yvonne 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe plasma levels of unconjugated oestrone (El), oestradiol (E2) and oestriol (E3) were determined by radioimmunoassay, twice weekly in 21 subjects from the earliest detection of pregnancy up to 16 weeks gestation where possible. Normal ranges for the three oestrogens were established using data from 15 subjects who had a normal pregnancy, including one sampled throughout the cycle of conception. The six other subjects comprised a twin pregnancy, two who aborted and three who received progestogen therapy, and their oestrogen levels were compared with the normal ranges. El and E2 levels showed a steady increase over the period of study with E2 levels exceeding those of El. E3 levels remained low (in many cases less than 50 pg/ml) until week 13 when levels began to rise steadily. In a caseof twin pregnancy, El and E2 levels only became significantly elevated when compared with single pregnancies from week 15. There were differing oestrogen trends in two patients who aborted. In a patient with an incomplete abortion, levels only dropped significantly after abortion had occurred, whereas, in a patient with a complete abortion, a gradual and progressive fall in El and E2 levels was observed. The levels of El and E2 for the three subjects receiving progestogen therapy did not differ significantly from those of the normal subjects.
MATERNAL PLASMA β‐hCG IN EARLY HUMAN PREGNANCY
Authors: Harrison R. F. , O'Moore R. R. , McSweeney J. 
Published: August 2005

Summaryβ‐human chorionic gonadotrophin (β‐hCG) was assayed twice weekly in plasma from 20 subjects from 4 to 16 weeks gestation; 14 of these were normal. There was an initial rise, a plateau at weeks 7 to 9, and a further rise to a maximum at week 11. Levels then dropped steadily to week 16. There was no significant difference when mean levels were subdivided and calculated according to the subsequent sex of the baby. Of the 6 abnormal subjects, the twin pregnancy initially showed normal levels but at week 11 and 13 these were at least one standard deviation above the mean. The plasma β‐hCG levels of the two subjects who aborted were more than one standard deviation below the mean at week 5. Three subjects treated with progestogen therapy had β‐hCG levels which fluctuated within normal limits. The trends of β‐hCG levels were similar to those of plasma hCG levels in the two subjects who had both assays performed but peak times were different. There was considerable within patient and also patient to patient variation in β‐hCG levels.
CLINICAL ASPECTS OF PREGNANCIES ESTABLISHED WITH CLEAVING EMBRYOS GROWN IN VITRO*
Authors: Steptoe P. C. , Edwards R. G. , Purdy J. M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryDetails are given of four pregnancies established by fertilization in vitro and planting cleaving embryos into the mother. The pregnancies were monitored by hormone assays in early pregnancy and by ultrasound scans. Amniocentesis was used to assess the levels of alpha‐fetoprotein and the karyotype of the fetuses at 15 weeks. Placental function tests and X‐rays were used to monitor late pregnancy in one patient. Three of the pregnancies began uneventfully and the fetuses were normal in all respects. Two were delivered at or near term, the third being aborted spontaneously at 21 weeks while the parents were on holiday. The fourth pregnancy did not develop normally and a triploid fetus was aborted 12 weeks after the last menstrual period. The clinical difficulties inherent in selecting patients and preparing them for treatment are described. Some possible improvements in techniques are also described.
OBSERVATIONS ON PREOVULATORY HUMAN OVARIAN FOLLICLES AND THEIR ASPIRATES*
Authors: Edwards R. G. , Steptoe P. C. , Fowler R. E. , Baillie J. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryDuring laparoscopy for the collection of preovulatory oocytes the ovaries were inspected and the numbers of Graafian follicles were counted. Most patients had one large preovulatory follicle but three patients had two and might have had twin ovulations. The large follicle was in the left ovary in 9 patients and in the right ovary in 11. It could be aspirated easily in most patients, viscous follicular fluid, presumably rich in hyaluronic acid, appeared to accumulate in preovulatory follicles between 18 and 27 hours after the luteinizing hormone surge. The content of steroids in follicular fluids indicated that the largest follicle was preovulatory in most patients, the smaller follicles being non‐ovulatory. Granulosa cells aspirated from the large preovulatory follicles were active on the Δ4 pathway and able to aromatise androgens to oestrogens, but did not undertake conversions on the Δ5 pathway.
THE NORMAL CONDITION OF THE FETAL ELECTROCARDIOGRAM DURING LABOUR
Authors: Marvell C. J. , Kirk D. L. , Jenkins H. M. L. , Symonds E. M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA real‐time computer system was employed to monitor continuously the fetal electrocardiogram (ECG) during labour. Signals from a scalp electrode were amplified, filtered and passed through an interface system to a digital computer. From 110 patients studied, 37 were selected by rigid criteria which fulfilled a strict definition of normal fetal condition in labour and delivery. The mean values and the range of the various parameters of the fetal ECG complex were defined. As a large amount of data was generated by the system, a method was developed to display the short and long‐term dynamic behaviour of the fetal ECG during labour in the form of labour profiles. By further averaging of these labour profiles, the pattern of normal behaviour was established. Certain changes in the fetal ECG, previously thought to be characteristic of fetal distress, occurred in normal patients. The P‐R interval was up to 10 per cent shorter during contractions towards the end of labour and there was a long‐term trend towards the end of labour for the P‐R interval to fall by 7 per cent. The P wave amplitude fell by 30 per cent over the last hour. These trends were statistically significant. The QRS complex was found to lengthen slightly towards the end of labour, but the R‐T interval and ST segment displacement displayed no significant changes.
SOTALOL AS A HYPOTENSIVE AGENT IN PREGNANCY
Authors: O'Hare M. F. , Murnaghan G. A. , Russell C. J. , Leahey W. J. , Varma M. P. S. , McDevitt D. G. 
Published: August 2005

SummarySotalol, a beta‐adrenoceptor blocking drug, was administered to 12 hypertensive pregnant women. The concentration of the drug was assayed in samples of maternal plasma, amniotic fluid and mixed umbilical cord plasma at delivery and, in five mothers who elected to breast feed, in paired samples of maternal plasma and breast milk. Sotalol reduced blood pressure effectively at a mean daily dose of 433·1±54·1 mg but crossed the placental barrier. The mean maternal: fetal plasma concentration ratio was 1:1·05 and the mean amniotic fluid concentration was 7·0±2·7 μg/ml. Delivery occurred at mean gestational age of 37·7±0.7 weeks; 12 infants were liveborn with a mean weight of 2·8±0·1 kg and eight of them had no significant neonatal problems. Of the other four, two died from severe congenital anomalies, one had perinatal asphyxia and one mild transient hypoglycaemia. High sotalol concentrations were found in breast milk (mean plasma: milk ratio was 1:5·4) raising the possibility of pharmacological effect in the newborn infant. The results suggest that sotalol adequately controls blood pressure in hypertension complicating pregnancy but because, unlike results from the pregnant ewe, it crosses the human placental barrier it offers no apparent advantages over other beta‐adrenoceptor antagonists.
FETOMATERNAL BLEEDING DURING ATTEMPTS AT EXTERNAL VERSION
Authors: Gjøde P. , Rasmussen Th. Bremholm , Jørgensen J. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe frequency and size of fetomaternal bleeds during the first attempt at external version of the fetus in breech presentation in 50 pregnant women were investigated. Fetomaternal bleeds of 0–1 to 1–5 ml were detected in 14 women (28 per cent). It is concluded that rhesus negative women should be given anti‐D before attempts at external version are made.
HOW OBSTETRICIANS IN THE UNITED KINGDOM MANAGE PRETERM LABOUR
Authors: Lewis P. J. , de Swiet M. , Boylan P. , Bulpitt C. J. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA questionnaire survey was conducted in order to establish how obstetricians in this country manage preterm labour. The results indicate that the majority of obstetricians would use beta sympathomimetic agents to inhibit premature labour; most would use corticosteroids in some circumstances to accelerate pulmonary surfactant production, while the use of prophylactic antibiotics seemed variable. The findings and implications of the survey are discussed.
THE POTENTIAL OF MID‐TRIMESTER MATERNAL PLASMA ALPHA‐FETOPROTEIN MEASUREMENT IN PREDICTING INFANTS OF LOW BIRTH WEIGHT
Authors: Brock D. J. H. , Barron Lilias , Raab Gillian M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryMaternal plasma alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) was measured at mid‐trimester in 113 women who subsequently were delivered of a singleton liveborn infant weighing less than 2·5 kg and in 113 matched controls whose infants weighed more than 2·5 kg. Plasma AFP levels were significantly higher in the subjects than in the controls, while 10 of the subjects and only 3 of the controls had values above 2·0 times the median. The higher AFP concentrations were seen both in pregnancies in which the outcome was a small premature infant and in those in which it was a small‐for‐dates baby.
SURGICAL TREATMENT OF TUBERCULOSIS OF THE FEMALE GENITAL TRACT
Authors: Sutherland A.M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA study has been made of 91 women with proved tuberculosis of the genital tract treated by surgery between 1st January, 1951 and 15th October, 1979. In 77 the operation was performed during anti‐tuberculosis drug therapy. In the remainder the diagnosis was made after operation and drug therapy was started as soon as possible thereafter. The indications for operation were pain (40 patients), pelvic masses (36 patients), recurrence of endometrial tuberculosis (10 patients), uterine bleeding (3 patients) and suspicion of endometrial neoplasia (2 patients). Total hysterectomy with removal of both tubes and ovaries was done in all patients except two, in whom pelvic clearance was not technically feasible. No patient developed a fistula and there were no deaths. All patients were well at follow‐up.
SERUM PROGESTERONE AND OESTRADIOL CONCENTRATIONS IN WOMEN WITH UNEXPLAINED INFERTILITY
Authors: Driessen F. , Kremer J. , Alsbach G. P. J. , de Kroon R. A. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryTwenty‐eight patients with longstanding, unexplained infertility were studied during one menstrual cycle by serial serum progesterone and oestradiol assays. For comparison the serum concentrations of these hormones were also measured during one cycle in ten fertile control subjects. Of the patients with infertility, one had an anovulatory cycle and one had a cycle with a short luteal phase. In the other 26 patients the length of the cycle, the preovulatory peak oestradiol concentration and the maximum oestradiol concentration during the luteal phase were less than in the controls but these differences were not statistically significant (p>0·10). However, the duration of progesterone secretion and the maximum progesterone concentration during the luteal phase were significantly less (p <0·01) in the patients with infertility than in the controls. It is, however, uncertain whether the subnormal progesterone secretion is responsible for the infertility.
OESTRADIOL IN SALIVA DURING THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE
Authors: Evans J. J. , Stewart C. R. , Merrick A. Y. 
Published: August 2005

SummarySixteen women provided saliva samples throughout a menstrual cycle and the concentration of oestradiol was measured. Blood samples were taken around mid‐cycle and the luteinizing hormone peak was used to diagnose the timing of ovulation. The levels of oestradiol in saliva followed the same pattern as in blood. The peak of oestradiol in saliva could be used to predict accurately the time of onset of the next menstrual period. The analysis of saliva could be useful in the investigation of women in whom serial venepunctures are not possible.
THE PROGNOSIS OF BREECH DELIVERED SINGLETON LOW BIRTH WEIGHT INFANTS
Authors: Kendall A. C. , Hommers Marion 
Published: August 2005

SummaryAn estimate of the probability of long term neurological sequelae in breech delivered low birth weight infants is an important factor in deciding on the method of delivery in breech presentation. From the hospital records we have identified those infants who during the years 1973 and 1974 were live born of low birth weight (under 2500 g) and who were delivered by the breech. Of 51 infants, 36 survived the neonatal period. Two have died, one of multiple congenital abnormalities and one of accidental injuries, two left the country during their second year of life at which time they were known to be developing normally. Two remained untraced. The remaining 30 are all living locally, they are all neurologically normal and are attending ordinary schools. In the absence of intensive methods of neonatal care the risk to the breech delivered low birth weight baby is of neonatal death rather than of long term neurological sequelae.
CHROMOSOMAL ANALYSIS OF COUPLES WITH REPEATED SPONTANEOUS ABORTIONS
Authors: Sant‐Cassia L. J. , Cooke Patricia 
Published: August 2005

SummaryChromosome banding studies were carried out on both partners of 182 consecutive couples with a history of two or more spontaneous abortions. Seventeen abnormal karyotypes were detected. This represents a frequency of 4.67 per cent, which is higher than hitherto reported. The pregnancy outcome in 105 couples with normal and abnormal karyotope was compared and no significant difference was found.
RED CELL ANTIBODIES DETECTED IN ANTENATAL TESTS ON RHESUS POSITIVE WOMEN IN SOUTH AND MID WALES, 1948–1978
Authors: Hardy Joan , Napier J. A. F. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA total of 733 rhesus positive women with antibodies were found during antenatal screening of 380 790 pregnancies in South and Mid Wales over a 30‐year‐period. A steady increase was observed in the frequency of antibodies, particularly non‐rhesus antibodies and the mothers concerned had a significantly increased history of previous blood transfusion. In 50 per cent of those with non‐rhesus antibodies, transfusion was the only stimulus. Conversely, for the majority (61 per cent) of women with rhesus antibodies feto‐maternal incompatibility was the sole apparent stimulus. No identifiable stimulus could be found in 25 per cent of women with anti‐E and 13 per cent of those with anti‐Kell. Compared to rhesus negative mothers with anti‐D severe clinical haemolytic disease of the newborn was uncommon, but in 75 per cent of rhesus positive mothers with infants carrying the homologous antigen, there was some evidence of haemolytic disease. Anti‐c̄ was much the worst in this respect with 19.4 per cent of infants needing transfusion. The probability of having an incompatible infant was much less for the mothers with non‐rhesus antibodies (27.3 per cent) and of these infants only 5.7 per cent needed transfusion.
SERUM GASTRIN I CONCENTRATIONS OF MOTHER AND NEWBORN IMMEDIATELY AFTER BIRTH
Authors: Dokumov St. , Tarkolev N. , Shterev At , Istatkov M. 
Published: August 2005

SummarySerum gastrin I concentrations were investigated by radioimmunoassay in 50 mothers and their newborn infants immediately after birth. The mean serum gastrin concentration in maternal blood was 52.80 ± 13.37 (SD) pg/ml, and in cord blood 84.12±42.90 (SD) pg/ml. Both values were significantly higher than serum gastrin levels found in normal, healthy, nonpregnant women (Mean±D = 32.34±18.35 pg/ml). There were no statistically significant differences in the cord serum gastrin concentrations with respect to sex, weight and length of the infant and age and parity of the mother.
HAEMATOLOGICAL VALUES IN CORD BLOOD IN RELATION TO FETAL HYPOXIA
Authors: D'Souza S. W. , Black Patricia , MacFarlane T. , Jennison R. F. , Richards B. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryHaematological values in cord venous blood were studied in 458 newborn infants born at term. The severity of hypoxia in these babies was determined by measuring the pH in cord venous blood, and in cord arterial blood. Hypoxia was associated with increases in haemoglobin, in the red cell count, in the white cell count and in the haematocrit. Furthermore, the increase in the mean corpuscular volume, and decrease in mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration could have been due to a net influx of less mature red cells into the circulation. It is suggested that fetal erythropoiesis is stimulated by intrapartum hypoxia.
IMMUNOPATHOLOGICAL AND CLINICAL STUDIES IN HERPES GESTATIONIS
Authors: Foidart J. M. , Yaar M. , Hall R. , Gaspard U. , Katz S. I. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryHerpes gestationis is a recurring pruritic, vesiculobullous disease of pregnancy and puerperium. Recently, Lawley et al (1979) reported a high frequency (38 per cent) of fetal morbidity and mortality in 40 cases of immunologically proven herpes gestationis. This study was undertaken to determine whether the antibody to skin basement membrane (found in most patients with herpes gestationis) is able to bind to the placenta basement membranes and thereby to threaten the pregnancy. We were unable to detect this antibody in the placental basement membranes of a patient with herpes gestationis, nor could we demonstrate that the anti‐basement membrane antibody, found in the sera of herpes gestationis patients, binds to homologous or autologous placentas and fetal membranes. The importance of an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment of this condition is discussed.
CLOTTING AND FIBRINOLYTIC ACTIVITIES IN PERITONEAL FLUID
Authors: Pattinson H. A. , Koninckx P. R. , Brosens I. A. , Vermylen J. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryPeritoneal fluid does not clot spontaneously on collection, due to a lack of prothrombin activation, consequent upon a virtual absence of factors V and VIII. Factor VIII related antigen is present in peritoneal fluid in only very small amounts, suggesting that this factor is excluded from the peritoneal cavity, probably by virtue of its size. Slight thrombin activity is demonstrated by the presence of fibrin monomers in the fluid. That peritoneal fluid also contains fibrinolytic activity is shown by high levels of plasminogen and plasmin‐antiplasmin complexes, though no plasminogen activator could be detected. No differences were found in clotting and fibrinolytic activities between fluid taken from these patients with, and those without, laparoscopic evidence of pelvic endometriosis.
RAISED MATERNAL SERUM AFP, OLIGOHYDRAMNIOS AND POOR FETAL OUTCOME
Authors: Stirrat G. M. , Gough J. D. , Bullock Stephanie , Wald N. J. , Cuckle H. S. 
Published: August 2005

SummarySix women who had an ultrasound scan examination in early pregnancy on account of a high serum alpha‐fetoprotein level were noted to have little or no amniotic fluid. This paper gives details of the six pregnancies, two of which were extrauterine; only one of the six infants survived.
FACTOR VIII COMPLEX IN NORMAL PREGNANCY, PRE‐ECLAMPSIA AND FETAL GROWTH RETARDATION
Authors: Fournie A. , Monrozies M. , Pontonnier G. , Boneu B. , Blerme R. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe levels of the three components of factor VIII complex (VIII R:AG, VIII R:WF, VIII :C) were measured during normal late pregnancy, in pre‐eclampsia and in pregnancies complicated by fetal growth retardation. In late normal pregnancy, there was a steady increase in factor VIII complex and the highest level was reached at delivery; in primary fetal growth retardation, the values were similar. In pregnancies complicated by pre‐eclampsia, with or without fetal growth retardation, there was a significant increase of VIII R: AG VIII R: WF; the more severe the course of the disease, the greater the increase. The level of VIII R: AG—VIII R: WF appears to be an indicator of vascular pathology and it is suggested that this assessment may be of value in monitoring high risk pregnancies.
ULTRASOUND DEMONSTRATION OF AN UNUSUAL FETAL GROWTH PATTERN IN INDIANS
Authors: Meire H. B. , Farrant Pat 
Published: August 2005

SummaryAn ultrasound study of fetal growth patterns in women of Indian origin showed that the mean abdominal circumference measurements throughout pregnancy were significantly smaller than measurements obtained in white European patients. The mean birth weight of the Indian, babies was 340 g less than that of the controls and Indian patients also exhibited a significantly shorter duration of gestation. There was no significant difference between the biparietal diameter measurements of European and Indian women throughout pregnancy.
THE PREDICTION OF FETAL GROWTH RETARDATION IN TWIN PREGNANCY
Authors: Houlton M. C. C. , Marivate M. , Philpott R. H. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA total of 132 twin pregnancies first seen at less than 36 weeks gestation were studied prospectively to determine the epidemiological, and anthropomorphic factors associated with single or dual fetal growth retardation; the clinical, biochemical and ultrasound serial measurements that are predictive of single or dual fetal growth retardation, and to design scoring systems for the prediction of fetal growth retardation. A number of factors were associated with an increased risk of fetal growth retardation, but the highest risk was present when there was an abnormality in both plasma oestriol and placental lactogen, and the biparietal diameter growth rates were divergent. Scoring systems were derived using multivariant discriminant analysis for three clinical situations: the patient seen for the first or second time; where only clinical facilities exist and the patient was seen on three or more occasions; and where facilities exist for the biochemical tests of placental function and ultrasonic measurement of the biparietal diameters. The scoring system for the last situation had the highest predictive rate and the lowest false positive rate.