bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on the Antibacterial Properties and Optical Characteristics of Clear Orthodontic Aligners Coated With Zinc Oxide and Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Gharibnavaz Mahnaz , Arash Valiollah , Pournajaf Abazar , Najafi Farhood , Rahmati Kamel Manouchehr , Seyedmajidi Seyedali 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate and compare the antibacterial properties and optical characteristics of clear orthodontic aligners coated with zinc oxide (ZnO) and magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles.Materials and MethodsIn this experimental laboratory study, polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) aligner samples were coated with nanoparticles of ZnO, MgO and a combination of both (ZnO + MgO). The surface coatings were analysed before and after stability testing using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Colour changes and translucency were measured using a spectrophotometer, and the antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties were evaluated against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus species. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS, with significance set at p < 0.05.ResultsSignificant statistical differences were found in the colour changes between the groups (p < 0.001), with the greatest change in MgO‐coated aligners (0.94 ± 0.09), followed by ZnO + MgO (0.75 ± 0.05) and ZnO (0.5 ± 0.09). ZnO‐coated aligners exhibited the highest translucency (47.6 ± 0.44) compared to MgO (45.07 ± 0.74) and ZnO + MgO (45.76 ± 0.7) (p = 0.002 and p = 0.026, respectively). Nanoparticle‐coated aligners showed significantly reduced bacterial growth (p < 0.05). The ZnO + MgO combination demonstrated superior antibacterial effects compared to individual coatings. Nanoparticles remained stable after 24‐h agitation in artificial saliva and brushing, maintaining 60%–65% stability.ConclusionThe aligners coated with ZnO nanoparticles exhibited the least colour change and the highest translucency compared to those coated with MgO nanoparticles and the ZnO + MgO combination. The highest antibacterial properties were observed in the aligners coated with a combination of ZnO and MgO nanoparticles.
Evaluation of the perception of information from ChatGPT in myopia education: Perspectives of students and professionals
Authors: Sanchez Tena Miguel Angel , Alvarez‐Peregrina Cristina , Martinez‐Perez Clara 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to compare the perception and understanding of the information provided by ChatGPT regarding myopia among optometry students, optometrists undertaking a Master degree and practicing optometrists.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional descriptive study using a structured questionnaire distributed via Wooclap to 225 participants (125 optometry students, 21 Masters students and 79 practicing optometrists). All participants evaluated the responses generated by ChatGPT Version 4.0 using a five‐point scale: very poor, poor, acceptable, good and very good. Data were analysed using SPSS, applying descriptive analysis and chi‐squared tests to assess the significance of differences observed between the groups.ResultsPracticing optometrists, with an average age of 39.7 ± 11.0 and 15.2 ± 7.5 years of professional experience, rated the information provided by ChatGPT on myopia complications more positively than the optometry and Masters students, highlighting the importance of clinical experience (p < 0.001). Alternatively, this may indicate a difference in awareness, knowledge and training, with younger students potentially being more speculative in their evaluations. The perceptions about myopia prevention among the groups were similar (p = 0.28). At the same time, the perceptions of the effectiveness of treatments such as contact lenses and pharmaceutical agents showed differences, with optometrists rating these treatments more positively (p < 0.001 and p = 0.004, respectively).ConclusionsThis study showed differences in the perception and interpretation of the information provided by ChatGPT about myopia depending on the level of education. While AI plays an important role in education, practicing optometrists trust the information extracted by ChatGPT more than optometry students.
Exploring the Interplay of Cognition and Emotion in Trust Relationships With Cognitive‐Affective Maps
Authors: Bormann Inka , Bempreiksz‐Luthardt Jasmin , Niedlich Sebastian 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis paper relates to the debate on cognition‐based and affect‐based uni‐dimensional trust by addressing the interconnectedness of cognition and emotion. It puts forward the thesis that trust is always relationship‐based and that the perceived characteristics on the basis of which a trustee is considered trustworthy by a trustor in this relationship are cognitions that have different emotional values (valences). Analyzing the valences of such cognitions in trust relationships is a research desideratum, which the paper addresses by using cognitive‐affective maps (CAMs) as an innovative method in trust research. To illustrate the methodology, the example of dyads of parents and early childhood educators is used as a context in which key aspects of trust are relevant. The analyses show what concepts are mutually salient and how they are valued. The findings are discussed with regard to the methodology of possible future trust research.
Larval instar‐dependent hemocytes in specialist herbivore Cydalima perspectalis fed on Buxus hyrcana and Buxus microphylla
Authors: Kholghahmadi Maryam , Karimi‐Malati Azadeh , Jalali Sendi Jalal 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe boxwood moth, Cydalima perspectalis Walker (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), as invasive specialist species in Iran has caused considerable damage in endemic forest stands of Buxus hyrcana Pojark since 2016. Host plant species can alter herbivore–plant interactions through the quantitative and qualitative changes of hemocytes even within a specialist herbivore. To determine the hemocyte variations on different host plants across larval development, the third and sixth instar larvae of C. perspectalis fed on B. hyrcana (native boxwood) and B. microphylla Sieb. and Zucc. (introduced nonnative boxwood) were compared. Total (THC) and differential (DHC) hemocyte count were determined using light, phase‐contrast, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Based on results, six types of hemocytes were recognized in hemolymph including prohemocytes (PRs), plasmatocytes (PLs), granulocytes (GRs), oenocytoides (OEs) and spherulocytes (SPs) as well as unknown elongated quadrangular cells (elongocytes [ELs], the term has been first employed here) with obvious and distinguishable nuclei which were observed by the SEM and TEM microscopy. The ELs were rectangular or trapezoidal in shape, and the largest cells in hemolymph—their length varied from 14.00 to 15.73 μm. Our results showed that the total number of hemocytes (THC) significantly increased across larval development. Moreover, host plant species significantly affected total hemocyte count where the THC of sixth instar larvae on B. microphylla (2561.00 ± 10.60 cell/mm3) was significantly higher than on B. hyrcana (2440.00 ± 51.50 cell/mm3). The differential hemocyte count (DHC) profile study showed that GRs along with PLs were the most abundant cells in the hemolymph irrespective of larval instar and host plant species. Furthermore, the GRs% and ELs% increased throughout the larval development on both host plants, while a significant reduction of PLs% was recorded from third instar to sixth instar during the larval stage on two Buxus species. Apart from larval instar, host plant species had a significant effect on DHC of C. perspectalis. Despite higher total hemocyte number when fed on B. microphylla, the PLs% and ELs% were significantly higher in sixth‐instar larvae fed on B. hyrcana compared with B. microphylla. Oppositely, the percentage of GRs was 17% less in larvae reared on B. hyrcana than on B. microphylla. As hemocyte types are responsible for different immune functions, these findings on instar‐ and host plant‐dependent variation in their relative abundance would be critical to understand the immune response of this specialist herbivore.
Gibberellin regulates the synthesis of stone cells in ‘Nanguo’ pear via the PuMYB91‐PuERF023 module
Authors: Xu Mingyang , He Shan , Zhang He , Gao Siyang , Yin Mingxin , Li Xinyue , Du Guodong 
Published: January 2025

AbstractStone cells are one of the limiting factors affecting pear fruit quality and commodity value. The formation of stone cell is highly correlated with lignin deposition. However, the molecular mechanism of stone cell formation and regulation is still unclear. Here, we observed that exogenous application of GA significantly inhibited the formation of stone cells and also decreased the content of lignin in ‘Nanguo’ (Pyrus ussuriensis) pear fruits. The key gene PuPRX73 involved in the lignin synthesis pathway was further identified using RT‐PCR, and GA‐treatment significantly inhibited the expression of PuPRX73. Overexpression or silencing of PuPRX73 in pear fruits significantly increases or decreases the content of stone cells and lignin. We identified the transcription factors PuMYB91 and PuERF023 using mRNA‐seq and their expression was significantly decreased after GA‐treatment. Transient overexpression of PuMYB91 and PuERF023 promotes lignin and stone cells content in pear fruits, while silencing of PuMYB91 and PuERF023 led to the opposite results and inhibited the expression of PuPRX73. Yeast one‐hybrid (Y1H) and GUS activity analysis revealed that PuMYB91 and PuERF023 directly bind and activate the PuPRX73 promoter, and co‐transfection of PuMYB91 and PuERF023 in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves further promoted the promoter activity of PuPRX73. Furthermore, we found that PuMYB91 interacted with PuERF023 in vitro by using Yeast two‐hybrid assays (Y2H). In conclusion, our results revealed that exogenous GA‐treatment inhibits stone cell production by suppressing the expression of PuMYB91 and PuERF023 in pear fruits.
Enzymatic Antioxidants and Their Differential Response to Cryopreservation in Japanese Quail Semen
Authors: Zuha Sumiyyah , Rakha Bushra Allah , Akhter Shamim 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTA triad of enzymatic antioxidants viz., catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) constitutes a first line of defence against any redox imbalances in the semen. Cryopreservation enabling long term storage of semen also prompts generation of surplus reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cells with waned antioxidants, hampering the full exploitation of this process. With Japanese quail having all the potential to satisfy the steeply growing poultry demand, there is a need for its propagation via sperm preservation and assisted reproduction. Therefore, current study aimed at investigating enzymatic antioxidants in the Japanese quail semen, level of decline in their activity during cryopreservation and any intra‐species variation in their levels. Moreover, malonaldehyde (MDA) levels in fresh and cryopreserved semen of individual birds were taken into account. Semen was collected separately from seven mature males, diluted with NaCl extender (1:15) and cryopreserved. Analysis of sperm and seminal plasma was done at fresh collection, post‐dilution, post‐cooling, post‐equilibration and post‐thaw stages of freezing. The results confirmed the presence of CAT, SOD and GPx in fresh sperm and seminal plasma, their decline (p < 0.05) at all stages of cryopreservation and intra‐species variation (p < 0.05) with respect to freeze‐tolerance. Furthermore, significant increase was recorded in MDA levels at varying rates among individual quails during semen cryopreservation. In conclusion, Japanese quail sperm and seminal plasma exhibit enzymatic antioxidant activities to monitor ROS generation and performance of these antioxidants is severely affected by freezing process with intra‐species variation and rise (p < 0.05) of lipid peroxidation (LPO).
Semantic dualism
Authors: Goldberg Nathaniel , Gavaler Chris 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPhilosophers have paid more attention to proper names (hereafter “names”) than to any other semantic kind. They have also more often focused on names in works of fact than in fiction, and almost always considered individual works, fact or fiction, in isolation from one another. Though serial fiction, which requires considering them not in isolation but in combination, is an extremely common use of language, it is understudied, presenting new challenges to semantic theories. This article proposes a novel account of the semantics of names, called “semantic dualism,” motivated by serial fiction with lessons also for serial fact. According to semantic dualism, the reference of names is in some contexts mediated and in others is not. Those contexts involve how names are used serially across different works. Given semantic dualism's novelty, this article is programmatic, aiming to establish that semantic dualism warrants further investigation.
Assessment of Potential Complementarity of Pumped Hydropower Storage to Solar and Wind Energy
Authors: Fan Xinyi , Zhang Jun , Song Yuqi , Hunt Julian , Dai Qiang 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTWind and solar energy are among the most important clean energy sources globally but are significantly affected by climate variations, resulting in substantial intermittency and mismatches between supply and demand in both temporal and spatial dimensions. Pumped hydropower storage (PHS) is introduced to mitigate these discrepancies by storing excess energy during periods of low demand and releasing it during high‐demand periods. In this study, we comprehensively evaluate the potential complementarity of PHS to solar and wind energy in China. First, by calculating the ratio between energy demand and energy supply by various wind–solar power combinations, the energy reliability over China in multiple scenarios is assessed. We then identify potential sites for PHS to estimate the energy storage capacities and compare the energy reliability with and without PHS installation. Our results demonstrate that the reliability improved by an average of 20.38% over China, with the highest increase reaching 99.91% in Tibet, where exist abundant PHS resources. We also compare grid reliability before and after the 2025 plan in China, finding that PHS significantly enhances energy storage to meet energy demand. Overall, our findings highlight the potential of PHS in addressing the intermittency and volatility of wind and solar energy, providing crucial insights for future energy planning and policymaking.
Companions in antimicrobial resistance: examining transmission of common antimicrobial-resistant organisms between people and their dogs, cats, and horses
Authors: Caddey Benjamin , Fisher Sibina , Barkema Herman W. , Nobrega Diego B. 
Published: January 2025

SUMMARY
Numerous questions persist regarding the role of companion animals as potential reservoirs of antimicrobial-resistant organisms that can infect humans. While relative antimicrobial usage in companion animals is lower than that in humans, certain antimicrobial-resistant pathogens have comparable colonization rates in companion animals and their human counterparts, which inevitably raises questions regarding potential antimicrobial resistance (AMR) transmission. Furthermore, the close contact between pets and their owners, as well as pets, veterinary professionals, and the veterinary clinic environment, provides ample opportunity for zoonotic transmission of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens. Here we summarize what is known about the transmission of AMR and select antimicrobial-resistant organisms between companion animals (primarily dogs, cats, and horses) and humans. We also describe the global distribution of selected antimicrobial-resistant organisms in companion animals. The impact of interspecies AMR transmission within households and veterinary care settings is critically reviewed and discussed in the context of methicillin-resistant staphylococci, extended-spectrum β-lactamase and carbapenemase-producing bacteria. Key research areas are emphasized within established global action plans on AMR, offering valuable insights for shaping future research and surveillance initiatives.
Limited impact of hepatitis A virus 3C protease-mediated cleavage on the functions of NEMO in human hepatocytes
Authors: Huang Hao-En , Colasanti Ombretta , Li Teng-Feng , Lohmann Volker 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

NF-κB essential modulator (NEMO) is critically involved in the induction of interferons (IFNs) and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Hepatitis A virus (HAV) 3C protease was recently identified to cleave NEMO in non-hepatic cells. This study aimed at understanding efficiency and function of HAV 3C-mediated NEMO cleavage in hepatocytes. HAV 3C protease and its precursor 3CD strongly affected NEMO abundance in ectopic expression models, which was not observed in HAV replicon cells and upon HAV infection. Using a cleavage-resistant NEMO mutant, we found that specific cleavage by 3C only marginally contributed to NEMO degradation, whereas the magnitude of the effect was due to cytotoxic effects induced by 3C activity. Cleavage efficiency generally did not suffice to disrupt the type I IFN or NF-κB signaling pathways. Knockout of NEMO indeed abrogated both pathways, whereas efficient knockdown had limited the impact on NEMO-mediated signaling, suggesting that low levels of NEMO are sufficient to maintain antiviral responses in hepatocytes. NEMO cleavage was barely detectable in a cell line harboring a persistent HAV replicon or in HAV-infected cells. HAV infection induced a robust innate immune response, which was not affected by efficient knockdown of NEMO, arguing for a limited potential contribution of NEMO cleavage to innate immune counteraction. Overall, our data suggest that HAV 3C is capable of partially cleaving NEMO as reported. However, since minute expression levels of NEMO were sufficient for induction of innate immunity, inefficient NEMO cleavage by HAV is unlikely to contribute to dampening of innate immune responses in hepatocytes.

IMPORTANCE
Hepatitis A virus (HAV) establishes acute infections of the liver, which are always cleared, while a number of mechanisms have been identified contributing to immune escape. Among those, proteolytic cleavage of NF-κB essential modulator (NEMO) by HAV has been suggested to counteract innate immune responses. This study demonstrates that the HAV 3C protease cleaves NEMO inefficiently and does not result in substantial disruption of antiviral signaling. Importantly, NEMO remains capable of inducing an effective immune response in hepatocytes even at low expression levels. Our findings suggest a limited role for NEMO cleavage in HAV’s interaction with host immunity and call for a revision of our understanding of HAV counteraction mechanisms.
Identifying barriers and potential solutions to improve equitable access to community eye services: an exploratory sequential mixed methods study protocol
Authors: Allen Luke Nelson , Karanja Sarah , Gichangi Michael , Mishra Sailesh , Sabherwal Shalinder , Motlhatlhedi Keneilwe , Nkomazana Oathokwa , Macleod David , Kim Min , Ramke Jacqueline , Ratshaa Bakgaki , Tlhajoane Malebogo , Ho-Foster Ari , Tlhakanelo John , Bolster Nigel , Roshan Abhishek , Javed Mohd , Burton Matthew J , Bastawrous Andrew 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionAccess to care varies by sociodemographic group, with some groups facing higher barriers to care than others. This study will use novel methods to explore barriers and potential solutions as perceived by members of the population groups who are least able to access care. We aim to use rapid yet robust mixed methods that allow us to identify generalisable findings within each programme and testable service modifications to improve equitable access to care; delivering non-tokenistic findings within a matter of weeks.Methods and analysisThis is a multiphased exploratory sequential mixed methods study. We will use the same approach in four different screening programmes, in Botswana, India, Kenya and Nepal. First, we will conduct interviews with people purposively selected from the sociodemographic subgroups with the lowest odds of accessing care within each programme. We will explore their perceptions of barriers and potential service modifications that could boost attendance at eye clinics among people from these ‘left-behind’ groups. We will use a deductive analytic matrix to facilitate the rapid analysis of qualitative data. Space will be made for the inductive identification of themes that are not necessarily captured in the framework. Sample size will be determined by thematic saturation. Next, we will conduct a survey with a representative sample of non-attenders from the same left-behind groups, asking them to rank each suggested service modification by likely impact. Finally, we will convene a multistakeholder workshop to assess each service modification based on ranking, likely impact, feasibility, cost and potential risks. The most promising service modifications will be implemented and evaluated in a follow-on randomised controlled trial, the methods for which will be reported elsewhere.Ethics and disseminationThis project has been approved by independent research ethics committees in Botswana, Kenya, India, Nepal and the UK. We will disseminate our findings through local community advisory boards, national eye screening meetings, in peer-reviewed journals and at conferences.
Characteristics and publication status of minimally invasive glaucoma surgery trials registered in ClinicalTrials.gov, 2007–2024: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Peng Chuzhi , Jia Hongyan , Hu Jianping , Jiao Yonghong 
Published: January 2025

Purpose
To investigate the characteristics and publication status of minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS) clinical trials registered on ClinicalTrials.gov.

Design
A cross-sectional study.

Methods
All 1212 interventional glaucoma trials registered on ClinicalTrials.gov with start dates between 1 October 2007 and 30 April 2024 were included. All trials were categorised into ‘MIGS trials’ and ‘other interventional glaucoma trials’. Based on the anatomical site of action and the research content, MIGS trials were classified into different groups, and intergroup comparisons were conducted. The characteristics and publication status of MIGS trials were comprehensively analysed.

Results
Compared with all other interventional glaucoma trials, MIGS trials had a higher proportion of single-arm trials (p<0.001) and industry funding (p<0.001), but a lower proportion of randomisation and blinding (p<0.001). The majority of MIGS trials were not overseen by a Data Monitoring Committee (DMC) (71.4%) and enrolled fewer than 200 participants (85.2%). MIGS trials targeting Schlemm’s canal (SC) (60.2%) were significantly more prevalent than those targeting subconjunctival space (24.6%) and suprachoroidal/supraciliary space (15.3%). Trials focused on stand-alone MIGS (48.4%) or its combination with cataract surgery (32.0%) significantly outnumbered those investigating MIGS with other antiglaucoma surgeries (12.3%), MIGS with laser treatments (4.1%) and MIGS with medications (3.3%). A total of 34 MIGS trials (27.0%) published their results, of which 20 trials focused on stand-alone MIGS.

Conclusions
Most MIGS trials were industry-funded, non-randomised, non-blinded and not overseen by a DMC. Researchers tend to focus on stand-alone MIGS or its combination with cataract surgery. The efficacy and safety of MIGS targeting SC remain a prominent focus of the field. Currently, the publication rate of MIGS clinical trials is relatively low. It remains difficult for ophthalmologists to choose among different MIGS procedures. Overcoming the design limitations of trials will be essential for generating more robust evidence to guide clinical practice and policy decisions.