bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A legal analysis of the interinstitutional duty to cooperate in international water law
Authors: Liu Yang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractInterinstitutional interactions occur frequently and have led to important organisational developments. The purpose of this article is twofold. First, it attempts to clarify the legal basis of the interinstitutional duty to cooperate in international water law, by focusing on the river basin organisations (RBOs) of Europe and Southern Africa that coexist in the same transboundary basin. Second, it assesses the approaches used by RBOs in these two regions to operationalise the interinstitutional duty to cooperate. The article concludes that the interinstitutional duty to cooperate is far from complete and that subsequent practices of RBOs play a significant role in enriching and operationalising this duty.
Risk factors and associated pathway for rural and urban unmet dental prosthetic needs among older adults in Central India
Authors: Singh Abhinav , Purohit Bharathi M. , Purohit Abhishek 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimThis study was undertaken to evaluate the risk factors and associated pathways for unmet dental prosthetic needs among older adult population in Central India.MethodsA total of 11,145 randomly selected older adults participated in the study; 4613 from urban region and 6532 form rural region. Oral examinations were conducted at individual households for recording dental caries, periodontal disease, prosthetic status and needs. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was used to examine relationship between a set of exogenous variables and unmet dental prosthetic needs with variables that remained significant in the adjusted multilevel logistic model. Path coefficients were calculated for all variables with 95% confidence interval. Goodness of fit of the model was assessed by several indices.ResultsA total of 8433 (75.7%) participants had never visited a dentist and 9139 (82%) had unmet dental prosthetic needs. Dental caries was observed among 3207 (69.5%) and 4644 (71.1%) study participants from urban and rural regions respectively (p < .05). Low utilization of dental services was associated with high dental prosthetic needs in upper arch and lower arch (PC = −0.05, 0.001) and DMFT was associated with lower utilization of dental services (PC = −0.09, 0.001). DMFT was also associated with age, annual income, level of education, paternal education, type of family, tobacco consumption and CPI score in the hypothesized model. The fit indices used indicated that the model was adequate.ConclusionsDental prosthetic needs in the proposed pathway model was associated with low utilization of dental services, dental caries, periodontal disease and other socio‐demographic factors.
Modern techniques in addressing facial acne scars: A thorough analysis
Authors: Miao Linlin , Ma Yizhao , Liu Zhifang , Ruan Hongyu , Yuan Bo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundFacial acne scars are a prevalent concern, leading to the development of various treatment modalities.ObjectivesThis review aims to explore the latest advancements in the treatment of facial acne scars, focusing on both surgical and non‐surgical methods.MethodsThe non‐surgical treatments reviewed include topical medications (such as retinoids and alpha hydroxy acids) and non‐invasive procedures (like microdermabrasion and chemical peels). Surgical options discussed are punch excision, subcision, and fractional laser treatments.ResultsCombination therapy, integrating both surgical and non‐surgical approaches, is frequently utilized to achieve optimal results in scar improvement.ConclusionRecent advancements in the treatment of facial acne scars provide promising options for individuals seeking improvement. However, these treatments have associated risks and potential adverse effects, highlighting the importance of consulting a dermatologist before beginning any treatment regimen.
Identification of potential crucial genes shared in psoriasis and ulcerative colitis by machine learning and integrated bioinformatics
Authors: Zhang Jing , Feng Shuo , Chen Minfei , Zhang Wen , Zhang Xiu , Wang Shengbang , Gan Xinyi , Zheng Yan , Wang Guorong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundMounting evidence suggest that there are an association between psoriasis and ulcerative colitis (UC), although the common pathogeneses are not fully understood. Our study aimed to find potential crucial genes in psoriasis and UC through machine learning and integrated bioinformatics.MethodsThe overlapping differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of the datasets GSE13355 and GSE87466 were identified. Then the functional enrichment analysis was performed. The overlapping genes in LASSO, SVM‐RFE and key module in WGCNA were considered as potential crucial genes. The receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve was used to estimate their diagnostic confidence. The CIBERSORT was conducted to evaluate immune cell infiltration. Finally, the datasets GSE30999 and GSE107499 were retrieved to validate.Results112 overlapping DEGs were identified in psoriasis and UC and the functional enrichment analysis revealed they were closely related to the inflammatory and immune response. Eight genes, including S100A9, PI3, KYNU, WNT5A, SERPINB3, CHI3L2, ARNTL2, and SLAMF7, were ultimately identified as potential crucial genes. ROC curves showed they all had high confidence in the test and validation datasets. CIBERSORT analysis indicated there was a correlation between infiltrating immune cells and potential crucial genes.ConclusionIn our study, we focused on the comprehensive understanding of pathogeneses in psoriasis and UC. The identification of eight potential crucial genes may contribute to not only understanding the common mechanism, but also identifying occult UC in psoriasis patients, even serving as therapeutic targets in the future.
Becoming a general practice supervisor: A longitudinal multi‐case study exploring key supportive factors
Authors: Garth Belinda , Kirby Catherine , Nestel Debra , Brown James 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntroductionSupervision of trainees in the health care professions is recognised internationally as core to safe and effective patient care. A supervisor workforce in general practice (GP) is critical to the profession and to the communities where they work and can be demanding as general practitioners incorporate workplace‐based education and support of their trainees into their daily consulting work. Little is known about how this is experienced by new supervisors; therefore, this research sought to understand factors that play a significant role in the first semester of becoming a supervisor.MethodsAn exploratory multi‐case study design was used; new general practice supervisors were the unit of analysis. Four data sources were captured longitudinally: semi‐structured interviews at the beginning and end of the semester, audio diaries throughout and a mid‐semester focus group. Template analysis was used, sensitised by a community of practice theoretical framework.ResultsSeven new supervisors participated. Five interdependent key factors played a significant role in general practitioners becoming supervisors: (1) making meaning of the role, (2) reconciling multiple roles, (3) building a relationship with the trainee, (4) receiving support from the training practice and the training programme and (5) joining peer communities of new and experienced supervisors.ConclusionBecoming a general practice supervisor is situated in the context of a workplace delivering clinical services, a training programme and personal life circumstances. It can be challenging and rewarding. Insufficient support may result in unintended attrition. Learning in this role is facilitated by enabling the new supervisor to find meaning in the role; structured allocation of time to engage effectively; a positive trainee–supervisor relationship; administrative support by practices; information, advice and remuneration from the training programme; and interactions with new and experienced supervisor peers.
Variables familiares relacionadas con el bullying y el cyberbullying: una revisión sistemática
Authors: Machimbarrena Juan 
Published: February 2024

Objetivo.
Revisar los estudios que han analizado la relación de
bullying
/
cyberbullying
con variables del
contexto familiar.
Método.
Revisión sistemática, basada en el protocolo Prisma, de los documentos registrados
en las principales bases de datos de psicología, que incluían las palabras clave
bullying/cyberbullying
y
familia/
padres
, entre 2004 y 2017. Setenta y cuatro artículos cumplieron los criterios de inclusión.
Resultados.
La
revisión evidenció las siguientes variables familiares asociadas
con
cada rol: (a) víctimas de
bullying
: padres/
madres autoritarios, punitivos o permisivos; hogares disfuncionales, baja armonía familiar, conflictos, pobre
comunicación; reciben muchas críticas, bajo apoyo/atención parental o sobreprotección; (b) cibervíctimas:
padres/madres autoritarios o negligentes, conflictos familiares, bajo apoyo parental, padres/madres distantes,
vínculos emocionales negativos; (c) agresores de
bullying
: padres/madres autoritarios, punitivos o permisivos,
hogares disfuncionales, conflictos entre padres/madres, violencia doméstica, reciben rechazo, crítica y
poco afecto parental; (d) ciberagresores: padres/madres autoritarios, negligentes o permisivos, y conflictos
familiares. Por último, resultaron factores protectores: padres/madres democráticas, equilibrados, sin conflictos
domésticos, cohesión familiar, interacciones de calidad, fácil comunicación padres-hijos, padres/madres
apoyan a sus hijos, son cercanos y fomentan el apego seguro.
Conclusión.
Algunas variables familiares pueden
ser relevantes, aunque en la probabilidad de convertirse en víctima o agresor de
bullying
y
cyberbullying
influyan otros factores, como los personales.
Characterization of the monoclonal antibody and the immunodominant B-cell epitope of African swine fever virus pA104R by using mouse model
Authors: Chen Qichao , Liu Lixinjie , Guo Shibang , Li Liang , Yu Yifeng , Liu Zhankui , Tan Chen , Chen Huanchun , Wang Xiangru 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

The African swine fever virus (ASFV) structural protein pA104R is the only histone-like protein encoded by eukaryotic viruses. pA104R is an essential DNA-binding protein required for DNA replication and genome packaging of ASFV, which are vital for pathogen survival and proliferation. pA104R is an important target molecule for diagnosing, treating, and immune prevention of ASFV. This study characterized monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against pA104R and found them to recognize natural pA104R in ASFV strains with different genotypes, showing high conservation. Confirmation analyses of pA104R epitopes using mAbs indicated the presence of immunodominant B-cell epitopes, and further characterization showed the high antigenic index and surface accessibility coefficients of the identified epitope. Furthermore, the pA104R protein functions through the polar interactions between the binding amino acid sites; however, these interactions may be blocked by the recognition of generated mAbs. Characterizing the immunodominant B-cell epitope of the ASFV critical proteins, such as pA104R, may contribute to developing sensitive diagnostic tools and vaccine candidate targets.

IMPORTANCE

African swine fever (ASF) is a highly pathogenic, lethal, and contagious viral disease affecting domestic pigs and wild boars. As no effective vaccine or other treatments have been developed, the control of African swine fever virus (ASFV) relies heavily on virus detection and diagnosis. A potential serological target is the structural protein pA104R. However, the molecular basis of pA104R antigenicity remains unclear, and a specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) against this protein is still unavailable. In this study, mAbs against pA104R were characterized and found to recognize natural pA104R in ASFV strains with different genotypes. In addition, confirmation analyses of pA104R epitopes using mAbs indicated the presence of immunodominant B-cell epitopes, and further characterization showed the high antigenic index and surface accessibility coefficients of the identified epitope. Characteristics of the immunodominant B-cell epitope of ASFV proteins, such as pA104R, may contribute to developing sensitive diagnostic tools and identifying vaccine candidate targets.
Dextrose gel prophylaxis for neonatal hypoglycaemia and neurocognitive function at early school age: a randomised dosage trial
Authors: Wei Xingyu , Franke Nike , Alsweiler Jane M , Brown Gavin T L , Gamble Gregory D , McNeill Alicia , Rogers Jenny , Thompson Benjamin , Turuwhenua Jason , Wouldes Trecia A , Harding Jane E , McKinlay Christopher J D 
Published: February 2024

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of different doses of prophylactic dextrose gel on neurocognitive function and health at 6–7 years.DesignEarly school-age follow-up of the pre-hPOD (hypoglycaemia Prevention with Oral Dextrose) study.SettingSchools and communities.PatientsChildren born at ≥35 weeks with ≥1 risk factor for neonatal hypoglycaemia: maternal diabetes, small or large for gestational age, or late preterm.InterventionsFour interventions commencing at 1 hour of age: dextrose gel (40%) 200 mg/kg; 400 mg/kg; 200 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg repeated before three feeds (800 mg/kg); 400 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg before three feeds (1000 mg/kg); compared with equivolume placebo (combined for analysis).Main outcomes measuresToolbox cognitive and motor batteries, as well as tests of motion perception, numeracy and cardiometabolic health, were used. The primary outcome was neurocognitive impairment, defined as a standard score of more than 1 SD below the age-corrected mean on one or more Toolbox tests.FindingsOf 392 eligible children, 309 were assessed for the primary outcome. There were no significant differences in the rate of neurocognitive impairment between those randomised to placebo (56%) and dextrose gel (200 mg/kg 46%: adjusted risk difference (aRD)=−14%, 95% CI −35%, 7%; 400 mg/kg 48%: aRD=−7%, 95% CI −27%, 12%; 800 mg/kg 45%: aRD=−14%, 95% CI −36%, 9%; 1000 mg/kg 50%: aRD=−8%, 95% CI −29%, 13%). Children exposed to any dose of dextrose gel (combined), compared with placebo, had a lower risk of motor impairment (3% vs 14%, aRD=-11%, 95% CI −19%, −3%) and higher mean (SD) cognitive scores (106.0 (15.3) vs 101.1 (15.7), adjusted mean difference=5.4, 95% CI 1.8, 8.9).ConclusionsProphylactic neonatal dextrose gel did not alter neurocognitive impairment at early school age but may have motor and cognitive benefits. Further school-age follow-up studies are needed.
Using community-based, participatory qualitative research to identify determinants of routine vaccination drop-out for children under 2 in Lilongwe and Mzimba North Districts, Malawi
Authors: Powelson Jocelyn , Kalepa Joan , Kachule Hannah , Nkhonjera Katie , Matemba Charles , Chisema Mike , Chumachapera Tuweni , Lawrence Emily 
Published: February 2024

ObjectiveIn recent years, full childhood routine immunisation coverage has fallen by 5% to levels not seen since 2008; between 2019 and 2021, 67 million children were undervaccinated. We aimed to identify and describe the determinants of vaccination drop-out from the perspectives of caregivers and health workers in Malawi.DesignWe used a community-based participatory research approach to collect data through photo elicitation, short message service exchanges, in-depth interviews and observations. We used a team-based approach for thematic analysis, guided by the Behavioural and Social Drivers of Vaccination framework.SettingThe study was conducted in Lilongwe and Mzimba North Districts in Malawi, representing urban and rural settings, respectively.ParticipantsParticipants included caregivers of partially vaccinated (n=38) and fully vaccinated (n=12) children between 25 and 34 months and Community Health Workers (n=20) who deliver vaccines. Caregiver participants were identified through health facility vaccination registers and with the assistance of community health volunteers.ResultsWe identified five principal drivers of routine vaccination drop-out: (1) poor caregiver knowledge of the vaccine schedule and how many vaccines are needed for full vaccination; (2) caregivers’ fear of repercussions after not following vaccination guidelines; (3) rumours and concerns if vaccines are repeated or new ones are introduced; (4) high opportunity cost of health facility visits, exacerbated by wait times, stockouts and missed opportunities and (5) limited family support and vaccination burden placed largely on mothers. Key differences between rural and urban settings related to practices around health cards and vaccine wastage, wait times, migrant and tenant communities, and social support systems.ConclusionsImmunisation interventions should be tailored to address drivers of drop-out in the community, the health facility and beyond. Service quality, timeliness and reliability need to be improved, and tailored messaging and education are needed, especially in response to COVID-19-related misinformation and introductions of new, routine vaccines.
Acceptability of digital vending machines to access STI and HIV tests in two UK cities
Authors: Gobin Maya , Dhillon Syra , Kesten Joanna May , Horwood Jeremy , Dean Gillian Louise , Stockwell Sarah , Denford Sarah , Mear John , Cooper Richard , Copping Joanna , Lawson Lottie , Hayward Samuel , Harryman Lindsey , Vera Jaime H 
Published: February 2024

ObjectivesPrompt HIV and STI diagnosis and treatment is a public health priority and relies on accessible testing. Technology-based approaches to distribute test kits have the potential to increase access to testing. We evaluated the acceptability and uptake of vending machines in publicly available settings in Brighton and Hove (BH) and Bristol, North Somerset and South Gloucestershire (BNSSG), to distribute HIV rapid self-test and STI self-sample kits.MethodsSeven machines were installed in BH and four in BNSSG. User characteristics, proportion of kits returned and test results, taken from the machine database and clinic records, combined with online questionnaires completed by self-recruited users and analysed using Stata and SPSS.Results2536 kits were dispensed over 12 months (April 2022 to March 2023). The STI self-sample kits were most popular (74% of vends). 78% of kits dispensed were among users aged 16–35 years and 56% identified as male. 68% and 59% of users had either not tested in the last 12 months or never tested for HIV and STIs, respectively. 51% of STI kits were returned via post, lower than the local online service (65%). 208 users completed questionnaires. Convenience, desire for instant access and increased confidentiality were the most common reasons for using machines. 92% of respondents thought the machines were user-friendly and 97% would recommend the service. Concerns about safety and privacy while using the machine were reported by 42% and 66% of respondents.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that vending machines are an acceptable and effective means of accessing infrequent or never testers in the general population and can act as a horizontal intervention to tackle HIV and STIs. Research is needed to understand optimal machine locations to assure privacy and safety along with the long-term impact on sexual health services.
Introducing palliative care in advanced cancer: a systematic review
Authors: Pointon Samuel , Collins Anna , Philip Jennifer 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundNegative perceptions about palliative care (PC), held by patients with cancer and their families, are a barrier to early referral and the associated benefits. This review examines the approaches that support the task of introducing PC to patients and families and describes any evaluations of these approaches.MethodsA systematic review with a systematic search informed by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systemic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines was performed on the online databases MEDLINE, PsychInfo and CINAHL from May 2022 to July 2022. Identified studies were screened by title and abstract, and included if they were empirical studies and described an approach that supported the introduction of PC services for adult patients. A narrative-synthesis approach was used to extract and present the findings.ResultsSearches yielded 1193 unique manuscripts, which, following title and abstract screening, were reduced to 31 papers subject to full-text review, with a final 12 studies meeting eligibility criteria. A diverse range of included studies described approaches used to introduce palliative care, which may be broadly summarised by four categories: education, clinical communication, building trust and rapport and integrative system approaches.ConclusionWhile educational approaches were helpful, they were less likely to change behaviours, with focused communication tasks also necessary to facilitate PC introduction. An established relationship and trust between patient and clinician were foundational to effective PC discussions. A framework to assist clinicians in this task is likely to be multidimensional in nature, although more quantitative research is necessary to establish the most effective methods and how they may be incorporated into clinical practice.
Cannabidiol oil or placebo in advanced cancer–disease progression and survival: a secondary analysis
Authors: O’Leary Cian , Greer Ristan , Huggett Georgie , Good Phillip , Gurgenci Taylan , Hardy Janet 
Published: February 2024

ObjectivesMedical cannabinoids have become increasingly popular over the last decade. Preclinical trials suggest cannabinoids, for example, cannabidiol (CBD), may provide an anticancer effect; however, good-quality clinical information supporting this is lacking. We assessed the effect of CBD treatment on disease progression and survival in patients enrolled in a study of CBD versus placebo for symptom management in patients with advanced cancer (MEDCAN-1).MethodsWe reviewed the clinical records of all patients enrolled in the MEDCAN-1 Study (CBD vs placebo) at days 14, 28 and 56 of study follow-up, for evidence of disease progression. The proportion of participants with disease progression by treatment arm at each time point was compared, as was survival between both groups from study entry to the censor date (end of study period) and the effect of treatment arm and disease progression status on survival.ResultsOf the 135 patient records assessed, 128 were included in the final analysis. 36% (n=46) had progressive disease documented at day 28, rising to 49.2% (n=63) by day 56. No significant difference in disease progression was noted between the two groups at days 14 (p=0.33), 28 (p=0.67) or 56 (p=0.50). There was no difference in survival between both groups from study entry to censor date (p=0.38). Disease progression at day 14 was highly predictive of mortality (p<0.001).ConclusionsIn this substudy analysis, treatment with CBD oil did not affect disease progression or survival over the course of 56 days in patients with advanced cancer.
The performance of flexible fluid–structure interaction module for saltmarsh vegetation under flow and wave action
Authors: Henteleff Ross , Stolle Jacob , Markov Acacia , Nistor Ioan , Sriram V. 
Published: February 2024

This paper evaluates the performance of a new flexible fluid–structure interaction (FSI) module in an open-source computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software—REEF3D—for use in modelling saltmarsh vegetation. Unlike previous studies, which focussed on hydrodynamic response to plants (for example, wave attenuation) to check the accuracy of their numerical modelling efforts, this work attempts to replicate the plants’ drag force and motion behaviour, based on results from several physical modelling studies. The flexible FSI module was found to consistently overestimate both the drag and motion of the numerical plants when compared to their physical counterparts. It is hypothesized that this is due to the module’s use of linearly elastic material theory for the flexible structures. This is arguably inadequate for the relatively flexible materials of saltmarsh vegetation.