bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical experience of combined organ-preserving treatment of laryngopharyngeal cancer with spread to the cervical esophagus
Authors: Rozhnov V. A. , Spirin P. I. , Polkin V. V. , Gulidov I. А. , Dem’yanovich A. V. , Kaprin A. D. , Ivanov S. A. 
Published: December 2023

Introduction. Laryngopharyngeal cancer accounts for about half of the total number of malignant neoplasms of ENT organs. Despite the availability of examination, in most patients tumors of this localization are detected at late stages, and the long-term results of treatment of locally advanced cancer of the larynx remain unsatisfactory.Clinical case. This article presents two clinical cases of combined organ-preserving treatment of laryngopharyngeal cancer with spread to the cervical esophagus. At the first stage, patients underwent organ-preserving surgical treatment with a reconstructive plastic component according to the methodology developed at the A.F. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center – branch of the National Medical Research Center of Radiology. Then a postoperative course of chemoradiotherapy was carried out.Conclusion. The use of combined organ-preserving techniques using displaced skin-muscle flaps in the treatment of locally advanced laryngopharyngeal cancer involving the cervical esophagus allows in some cases to avoid crippling surgery, preserve the larynx and achieve satisfactory functional results, which significantly improves the quality of life of patients.
Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the parotid salivary gland: a clinical observation
Authors: Ognerubov N. A. , Khizhnyak A. O. , Ognerubova М. A. , Sergeev R. S. , Polyakova L. V. 
Published: December 2023

Introduction. Malignant tumors of the salivary glands account for 3–5 % of all cases of head and neck cancer. Squamous cell carcinoma is the rarest histological variant of this pathology. It accounts for an average of 1.6 %. Among large salivary gland tumors, squamous cell carcinoma most often occurs in the parotid salivary gland.Aim. To present a clinical case of primary disseminated cancer of the parotid salivary gland with squamous cell structure.Clinical observation. A 70-year-old patient was under observation who was diagnosed with a primary squamous cell tumor of the parotid salivary gland with multiple metastases during a complex examination. He was sick for about 6 months when asymmetry of left half of the face appeared due to a painful neoplasm in the parotid salivary gland. Recently, the patient has noted increased tumor growth. Objective examination revealed peripheral paralysis of the facial nerve on the left. In the parotid-masticatory region on the left, with a transition to the zygomatic region, there is a dense painful immobile exophytic tumor with infiltration into soft tissues of the face and skin 6.5 × 5.0 cm in size with an ulcer in the center. Laterally, it reaches the tragus, and at the bottom-the angle of the lower jaw. In the submandibular region on the left, metastatic lymph nodes 2.5 × 2.0 cm in size are palpated. A biopsy was collected. Histological conclusion: non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma. Expression of the programmed death receptor ligand (PD-L1) in the tumor is negative. Mutations of genes Her2-neu and BRAF were not detected. According to medical imaging methods, multiple metastases were found in the lungs, liver, zygomatic bone and tumor growth in the maxillary sinus on the left. The diagnosis was established: cancer of the parotid salivary gland, stage IVC, cT4N1M1, with metastases to the liver, lungs and bones. Polychemotherapy was prescribed according to the scheme: 5-fluorouracil + cisplatin + cetuximab + bisphosphonates. After 3 cycles, a partial regression is obtained.Conclusion. The primary squamous cell carcinoma is prone to an aggressive course and has an unfavorable prognosis, especially in patients over 60 years of age with skin and facial nerve damage, as well as the presence of regional and distant metastases. Differential diagnosis is necessary to exclude the secondary nature of the tumor. The presented case is a rare example of primary squamous cell carcinoma of the parotid salivary gland with extensive metastatic lesion and regression of the pathological process after polychemotherapy in combination with targeted therapy.
The Anticancer Effect of Rhubarb Officinale Fraction and Sorafenib Against Chemically Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Rats
Authors: Nahla S.A. EL-Shenawe  , Hanaa A. Abd EL-Gawwad  , Amira T. E. Mersal  , Mohammed A. El-Magd  
Published: December 2023

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the major primary malignant tumour of the liver, represents a complex and fatal malignancy driven primarily by oxidative stress and inflammation. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the potential anticancer properties of four Anthraquinones (Aloe-emodin, Emodin, Chysophanol, and Physcion) isolated from the rhizome of Rhubarb and compare between the effect of sorafenib and Rhubarb Officinale fraction on DEN and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) - induced hepatocellular carcinoma in rats. Material and methods: The rats were divided into 5 groups (n=12/group normal control, diethylnitrosamine DEN+ carbon tetrachloride CCL4, HCC rats +ANTH(Anthraquinones), HCC rats +SOR(Sorafenib) and HCC rats +mix of ANTH+SOR. Results: Rats in HCC group showed most deteriorated effect in form of increased mortality, liver cancer marker (lipid peroxidation biomarker MDA, inflammation –related genes (TNFa, ILIB, NFKB, TGFB1) and metastasis-related genes (MMP9). Liver tissues of HCC group also exhibited lower level of TIMPI and antioxidant activity (catalase (CAT). All these deleterious effects induced by DEN were reversed after administration of ANTH and SOR with best improvement for the combined group (ANTH+SOR). Conclusions: These findings reveal a better therapeutic effect for ANTH when given with SOR and we attribute this beneficial effect, at least in part, to triggering antioxidant activity, inflammation and metastasis in HCC. Therefore, combined treatment with ANTH and SOR is recommended to enhance the therapeutic potential against HCC.
Problem-Based Learning Model Integrated with Metacognitive Approach Through Flipped Learning in Science Learning Lectures
Authors: Abdullah Gamar 
Published: December 2023

Abstrak: Model Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah melalui pendekatan metakognitif merupakan salah satu hal yang dianggap tepat pada masa Pandemi Covid-19. Salah satu metode pembelajaran online adalah flipped learning. Pada penelitian ini, penerapan PBM melalui pendekatan metakognitif diintegrasikan dengan penerapan flipped learning. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan penerapan model pembelajaran berbasis masalah terpadu dengan pendekatan metakognitif melalui flipped learning dalam pembelajaran IPA perkuliahan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan dengan menggunakan model Borg and Gall dengan subjek penelitian adalah mahasiswa PGSD Fakultas Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Negeri Gorontalo yang aktif mengikuti perkuliahan pembelajaran IPA. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat dideskripsikan bahwa model PBL yang diintegrasikan dengan pendekatan metakognitif melalui flipped learning dapat memberikan pengalaman belajar yang baru bagi siswa. Flipped learning menuntut mahasiswa untuk mempelajari materi dasar sebelum perkuliahan berlangsung sehingga selama perkuliahan mahasiswa dapat memanfaatkan waktunya untuk mengaplikasikan materi tersebut melalui pembelajaran aktif dan pemecahan masalah. Pengintegrasian model pembelajaran berbasis masalah yang dipadukan dengan pendekatan metakognitif melalui flipped learning merestrukturisasi pendekatan pembelajaran yang berpusat pada dosen dan menjadikan mahasiswa sebagai pusat pembelajaran.Abstract: Problem-Based Learning model through a metacognitive approach is one thing that is assumed to be appropriate during the Covid-19 Pandemic. One of the online learning methods is flipped learning. In this study, the application of PBM through a metacognitive approach is integrated with the implementation of flipped learning. This study aims to describe the implementation of an integrated problem-based learning model with a metacognitive approach through flipped learning in science learning lectures. This research is a development research using the Borg and Gall model with the research subjects being PGSD students of the Faculty of Education, State University of Gorontalo who actively participate in science learning lectures. Based on the results of the study, it can be described that the PBL model integrated with the metacognitive approach through flipped learning can provide a new learning experience for students. Flipped learning requires students to study basic material before the lecture takes place so that during lectures, students can spend their time applying the material through active learning and problem solving. The integration of the problem-based learning model integrated with the metacognitive approach through flipped learning restructures the lecturer-centered learning approach and makes students the center of learning.
Model Pembelajaran Terbalik Berbasis Masalah (PTBM) Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif
Authors: Khaerudin Khaerudin 
Published: December 2023

Abstrak: Perkembangan TIK yang pesat di satu sisi memberikan banyak kemudahan, namun di sisi lain seringkali menimbulkan banyak masalah. Selain itu, perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi juga menuntut manusia untuk menjadi pembelajar sepanjang hayat. Oleh karena itu, siswa harus memiliki kemampuan menggunakan ICT (Technology Literate) dan kemampuan memecahkan masalah secara kreatif. Untuk itu diperlukan model pembelajaran yang mengintegrasikan keterampilan pemecahan masalah, berpikir kreatif, dan penguasaan teknologi. Integrasi model kelas terbalik dengan pembelajaran berbasis masalah yang diperkuat dengan teknik DO IT merupakan salah satu model alternatif yang akan dikembangkan. Berdasarkan kebutuhan tersebut, penelitian ini akan mengembangkan model pembelajaran yang mengintegrasikan model pembelajaran berbasis masalah dengan model pembelajaran flipped classroom yang diperkuat dengan penerapan teknik DO IT. Model pembelajaran tersebut disebut Model Pembelajaran Terbalik Berbasis Masalah (Model PBFL). Dalam mewujudkan model ini, penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan model penelitian pengembangan Gall and Borg. Saat ini penelitian pengembangan sampai pada tahap revisi berdasarkan hasil telaah ahli pembelajaran.Abstract: The rapid development of ICT, on the one hand, provides many conveniences, but on the other hand, it often causes many problems. Furthermore, the development of science and technology also requires humans to be lifelong learners. Therefore, students must have the ability to use ICT (Technology Literate) and the ability to solve problems creatively. For this reason, a learning model is needed that integrates problem-solving skills, creative thinking, and mastery of technology. The integration of the flipped classroom model with problem-based learning reinforced with DO IT techniques is one of the alternative models to be developed. Based on these needs, this research will develop a learning model that integrates a problem-based learning model with a flipped classroom learning model, which is strengthened by applying to DO IT techniques. The learning model is called the Problem-Based Flipped Learning Model (PBFL Model). In realizing this model, research was conducted using the Gall and Borg development research model. Currently, development research is up to the revision stage based on the results of a learning expert review.
Implementation of The Freedom Learning Program for Prospective Primary School Teachers at Universitas Negeri Semarang: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Fathurrahman Moh. , Ansori Isa , Yulianto Sigit , Widodo Susilo Tri , Irvan Moh. Farizqo , Krisnawati Dyah , Pristiwanto Rian , Lestari Janatun Tri 
Published: December 2023

AbstrakKebijakan Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka (MBKM) merupakan bentuk pembelajaran di perguruan tinggi yang mandiri dan fleksibel. Namun dalam pelaksanaan program tersebut terdapat beberapa tantangan dan peluang yang dihadapi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan tantangan dan peluang yang dihadapi dalam pelaksanaan program MBKM di Dinas Pendidikan Sekolah Dasar khususnya pada program pertukaran pelajar. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan desain penelitian studi kasus. Sumber data penelitian adalah dosen dan mahasiswa pada perguruan tinggi mitra sebagai mata kuliah yang melakukan pertukaran mahasiswa. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara mendalam, observasi partisipatif, dokumentasi, dan catatan anekdot. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif (kondensasi data, penyajian data, dan verifikasi). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar siswa mengalami tantangan terkait faktor sosial budaya. Penggunaan bahasa daerah pada saat perkuliahan membuat mahasiswa membutuhkan waktu untuk menyesuaikan diri. Mengenai peluang, perbedaan budaya akademik yang mempengaruhi proses pembelajaran (penugasan mata kuliah, metode pengajaran, dan penggunaan teknologi) memberikan peluang bagi setiap universitas untuk dapat mengadaptasi budaya akademik yang berdampak positif. Sehingga diperlukan lebih banyak petunjuk teknis dalam pelaksanaan program pertukaran pelajar MBKM. AbstractThe Freedom Learning - Freedom Campus (MBKM) Policy is a form of learning in higher education that is autonomous and flexible. However, in implementing the program several challenges and opportunities were encountered. This study aims to describe the challenges and opportunities faced in the implementation of MBKM program in the Primary School Education Department, especially in the student exchange program. The research approach used is qualitative research with a case study research design. Sources of research data are lecturers and students at partner universities as subjects who carry out student exchanges. Data collection techniques used in-depth interviews, participatory observation, documentation, and anecdotal notes. The data analysis technique used is descriptive analysis (data condensation, data display, and verification). The results showed that most of the students experienced challenges related to socio-cultural factors. The use of regional languages during lectures makes students need time to adjust. Regarding opportunities, differences in an academic culture that affect the learning process (course assignments, teaching methods, and use of technology) provide opportunities for each university to be able to adapt an academic culture that has a positive impact. So, more technical guidelines are needed in the implementation of the MBKM student exchange program.
Representasi Alam dalam Novel Aroma Karsa Karya Dewi Lestari: Kajian Ekokritik Sastra Greg Garrard
Authors: Islamiah Kholifa Tul , Saryono Djoko 
Published: December 2023

Penelitian ini mengkaji sastra ekologis dengan menggunakan model kajian ekokritik sastra Greg Garrard. Ekokritik sastra Greg Garrard ini mempertemukan antara ekologi dan karya sastra. Dengan cara demikian dapat dideskripsikan dimensi sastra ekologis dalam novel Aroma Karsa menggunakan pendekatan Ekokritik Greg Gerrard, hubungan antara manusia dengan ekosistem alam sekitar, dan mendeskripsikan gambaran alam pada novel Aroma Karsa. Dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif penelitian ini dilakukan dengan cara mengoleksi, mengelola, menganalisis, serta menjabarkan data lapangan yang diperoleh secara objektif. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini dibagi menjadi 3 bagian sesuai dengan rumusan masalah. Bagian pertama, bentuk hubungan manusia dengan ekosistem alam yang dibagi menjadi dua yaitu ekosistem tumbuhan dan ekosistem binatang. Kedua, kritik ekologi dengan 5 komponen sesuai teori Greg Garrard yaitu pencemaran, perumahan/tempat tinggal, hutan, binatang, dan bencana. Bagian ketiga, bentuk representasi atau penggambaran alam berdasarkan teori terdapat tiga point penting yang terkandung dalam novel Aroma Karsa yaitu pegunungan, pemukiman, dan hewan.
Kata kunci: representasi; alam; sastra
Representation of Nature in Dewi Lestari’s Aroma Karsa Novel: A Study of Literary Ecocriticism by Greg Garrard
This study examines the ecological literature using Greg Garrard's model of literary ecocritical analysis. Greg Garrard's literary criticism combines ecology and literature. For example, the dimensions of ecological literature can be described in Aroma Karsa's novel using Greg Gerrard's ecocritical approach, human relationships with the surrounding natural ecosystem, and in Aroma Karsa's description of nature. Using qualitative methods, this research was conducted by collecting, managing, analyzing and objectively describing the data obtained in the field. The results of this research are divided into 3 parts based on the statement of the problem. The first part examines the relationship between man and natural ecosystems, which is divided into two parts, namely plant ecosystems and animal ecosystems. Second, the ecological critique of Greg Garrard's theory, which has 5 components, namely pollution, housing, forests, animals and disasters. The third part, the theory-based form of representation or description of nature, contains three main points from the novel Aroma Karsa, namely mountains, settlements and animals.
Keywords: representation; natural; literature
E-Modul 顺利写汉字 [Shùnlì xiě hànzì] untuk Melatih Keterampilan Menulis Siswa Kelas X-MIPA
Authors: Aji Bella , Retnantiti Sawitri , Putri Amira Eza Febrian 
Published: December 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan E-Modul 顺利写汉字 [Shùnlì xiě hànzì] untuk melatih siswa Kelas X-MIPA 2 SMAK Santa Maria Malang dalam menulis Hanzi. E-Modul Shùnlì xiě hànzì disimpan dalam format PDF. Materi dalam E-Modul Shùnlì xiě hànzì bertema kehidupan sehari-hari. Dengan menggunakan model pengembangan 4D yang dikembangkan oleh Thiagarajan yang telah dimodi­fikasi untuk penelitian ini meliputi tiga fase, yaitu: (1) pendefinisian, (2) desain, dan (3) pengem­bangan. Penilaian uji validalitas kelayakan produk E-Modul Shùnlì xiě hànzì oleh ahli media dan ahli materi. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa Kelas X-MIPA 2. Hasil uji validasi media dan materi adalah 84 persen dan 80 persen menunjukan bahwa e-modul layak digunakan untuk melatih keterampilan menulis bahasa Mandarin. Pada ujicoba e-modul menghasilkan simpulan bahwa E-Modul Shùnlì Xiě Hànzì sangat membantu siswa yang mengalami kesulitan menulis Hanzi dalam pembelajaran bahasa Mandarin.
Kata kunci: bahan ajar; e-modul; keterampilan menulis; bahasa Mandarin
顺利写汉字 [Shùnlì xiě hànzì] E-Module for Training Writing Skills of Grade X-MIPA Students
This research aims to develop a 顺利写汉字 [Shùnlì xiě hànzì] E-Module to train Grade X-MIPA 2 students at SMAK Santa Maria Malang in writing Hanzi. The Shùnlì xiě hànzì E-Module is stored in PDF format. The material in the Shùnlì xiě hànzì E-Module is themed around daily life. Using the 4D development model developed by Thiagarajan, which has been modified for this research, the development process includes three phases: (1) definition, (2) design, and (3) development. The validity of the Shùnlì xiě hànzì E-Module product was assessed by media and material experts. The research subjects were Grade X-MIPA 2 students. The results of the media and material validation tests showed that the e-module is suitable for training Mandarin writing skills, with scores of 84 percent and 80 percent, respectively. The trial of the e-module resulted in the conclusion that the Shùnlì Xiě Hànzì E-Module is very helpful for students who have difficulty writing Hanzi in Mandarin language learning.
Keywords: teaching materials; e-module; writing skill; Chinese
PATERNITY LEAVE IN MOTHER AND CHILD WELFARE BILL BASED ON HIFZ AL-NASL PERSPECTIVE AND GOVERNMENT ETHICS POLITICS
Authors: Busyro  , Ismail  , Basir Gusril , Wadi Fajrul , Rahmiati  , Sinora Sindi 
Published: December 2023

The plan of providing 40-day-paternity leave is just waiting for discussion and ratification into law. On the one hand, the RUU KIA (Maternal and Child Health bill (MCH bill) can guarantee the fulfillment of some of mothers’ and children’s rights if they are accompanied by the head of the family during the birth process. However, on the other hand, the status of the husbands who also work for government or private companies requires them to complete the workload, and 40 days of leave is considered a long time for workers to leave. This study aims at examining the implementation of the concept of hifẓ al-nasl on the ethical politics of government concerning the birth of the RUU KIA. This writing is library research by which the data sources were obtained from documents, books, journals, and news on social media. The data were analyzed by using a qualitative approach. The conclusion of this study showed that the philosophical basis of the 40-day-paternity leave policy is a crystallization of the concept of protecting wives and prospective babies and in accordance with the objectives of Islamic law in providing protection for offspring (hifẓ al-nasl). This government’s ethical politics is also an implementation of the rule of taṣarruful imām `alā ra'iyat manūṭun bil maṣlaḥah (policies taken by the government must be ensured to gain benefit for the people).
Sosialisasi Pentingnya Melanjutkan Pendidikan bagi Masyarakat Apaokayan Daerah Perbatasan Indonesia dan Malaysia
Authors: Afdal Afdal , Ubang Disman , Yani Ahmad , Nugroho Tri Cahyo , Aldi Aldi 
Published: December 2023

Berdasarkan informasi yang diperoleh dari masyarakat Apokayan, tingkat kemauan siswa untuk melanjutkan pendidikan masih kurang, mulai dari tingkat SD, SMP, dan SMA, sampai ke tingkat perguruan tinggi. Hal tersebut dikarenakan faktor ekonomi, dan kurangnya dorongan dari orang tua. Kegiatan sosialisasi ini dilakukan pada tanggal 18-29 Februari 2020. Sasaran dalam pengabdian ini adalah siswa yang saat ini berada di tingkat SD, SMP, dan SMA di daerah Apokayan. Tujuan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat (PkM) ini adalah untuk mensosialisasikan pentingnya pendidikan khususnya bagi masyarakat yang memiliki anak yang masih usia sekolah. Selain itu, disosialisasikan pentingnya pendidikan bagi mereka yang sudah lulus SMA agar dapat melanjutkan pendidikan di perguruan tinggi. Kami melakukan sosialisasi dengan cara kunjungan langsung dengan menjelaskan akan pentingnya melanjutkan pendidikan, baik ke rumah warga maupun ke sekolah. Hasil dari kegiatan ini selalu kami pantau dari tahun ke tahun, hubungan kami dengan tokoh masyarakat, guru, kepala sekolah, orang tua siswa, dan mahasiswa dari Apokayan tetap kami jalin dengan baik, sehingga informasi mengenai pendidikan di Apokayan selalu terpantau oleh tim PkM. Melalui sosialisasi ini terlihat adanya anak yang tidak mau lanjut sekolah/kuliah akhirnya berkeinginan untuk tetap sekolah/kuliah.Based on information obtained from the Apokayan community, the level of willingness of students to continue their education is still low, starting from the elementary, junior high and high school levels down to the tertiary level. This is due to economic factors and a lack of encouragement from parents. This socialization activity was carried out on 18-29 February 2020. The targets for this service were students currently at the elementary, middle and high school levels in the Apokayan area. The purpose of this Community Service (PkM) is to socialize the importance of education, especially for people who have children who are still of school age. In addition, the importance of education was socialized for those who had graduated from high school so they could continue their education in tertiary institutions. We conducted socialization through direct visits explaining the importance of continuing education, both to residents' homes and schools. We always monitor the results of these activities from year to year; we maintain good relations with community leaders, teachers, principals, parents, and students from Apokayan, so the PkM team always monitors that information about education in Apokayan. Through this socialization, it can be seen that there are children who do not want to go to school/college and finally want to stay in school/college.