bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of data science in the prediction of solar energy for the Amazon basin: a study case
Authors: Ferreira Marques André Luis , José Teixeira Márcio , Valencia de Almeida Felipe , Pizzigatti Corrêa Pedro Luiz 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The need for renewable energy sources has challenged most countries to comply with environmental protection actions and to handle climate change. Solar energy figures as a natural option, despite its intermittence. Brazil has a green energy matrix with significant expansion of solar form in recent years. To preserve the Amazon basin, the use of solar energy can help communities and cities improve their living standards without new hydroelectric units or even to burn biomass, avoiding harsh environmental consequences. The novelty of this work is using data science with machine-learning tools to predict the solar incidence (W.h/m²) in four cities in Amazonas state (north-west Brazil), using data from NASA satellites within the period of 2013–22. Decision-tree-based models and vector autoregressive (time-series) models were used with three time aggregations: day, week and month. The predictor model can aid in the economic assessment of solar energy in the Amazon basin and the use of satellite data was encouraged by the lack of data from ground stations. The mean absolute error was selected as the output indicator, with the lowest values obtained close to 0.20, from the adaptive boosting and light gradient boosting algorithms, in the same order of magnitude of similar references.
Cardiac rupture during the course of treatment for acute purulent pericarditis caused by Staphylococcus aureus: a case report
Authors: Katahira Ryutaro , Sano Hiroyuki , Tanimura Kosuke , Okita Yutaka 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Purulent pericarditis is rare in the modern era of antibiotics. However, it is a rapidly progressive, life-threatening disease with complications, including cardiac tamponade and left ventricular pseudoaneurysm.

Case summary
A 44-year-old female was admitted with a pontine haemorrhage. On the 25th day of admission, she developed a fever along with chest pain and dyspnoea. Transthoracic echocardiography and computed tomography revealed a large pericardial effusion, leading to the diagnosis of cardiac tamponade. Pericardiocentesis was performed, resulting in the drainage of 750 mL of blood-stained fluid. Blood and pericardial fluid cultures were positive for Staphylococcus aureus; therefore, ceftriaxone was administered. On the 49th day, she became febrile again, and computed tomography showed increased pericardial effusion. Transthoracic echocardiography confirmed the large pericardial effusion and revealed a pseudoaneurysm on the inferior of the left ventricular wall, with blood flowing from the pseudoaneurysm into the pericardial space. Urgent surgical intervention was performed to repair a myocardial defect as a left ventricular pseudoaneurysm had ruptured in the pericardium. The patient recovered and was transferred to another hospital for rehabilitation after 108 days of hospitalization.

Discussion
Purulent pericarditis can be a lethal complication; therefore, careful follow-up and strict adherence to therapeutic strategies, including the use of imaging technologies such as echocardiography, are important.
In vivo optical coherence tomography visualisation of coronary artery embolism caused by BioGlue in a middle-aged woman with Marfan syndrome who underwent the Bentall procedure: a case report
Authors: Hamaguchi Yukihiro , Enomoto Soichiro , Kondo Hirokazu , Tamura Toshihiro 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Coronary artery embolism caused by BioGlue is a rare complication; therefore, its diagnosis and treatment remain undefined.

Case summary
A 47-year-old woman underwent ascending aortic replacement and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) for type A acute aortic dissection involving the right coronary artery ostium in 2017. Subsequently, she was diagnosed with Marfan syndrome. Five years later in 2022, she underwent aortic arch replacement, the Bentall procedure, and repeat CABG because of aortic root enlargement and aortic regurgitation progression. Twelve days after surgery, coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) revealed left anterior descending (LAD) artery stenosis, whereas pre-operative CCTA was normal. On post-operative day 13, coronary angiography revealed 99% LAD artery stenosis. Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) showed a non-echoic mass with clear margins, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) demonstrated a crystalloid mass. Both images suggested that the embolus was inorganic matter, suspected as being the surgical adhesive BioGlue. We could not remove the embolus by repeated thrombectomy; therefore, drug-eluting stent implantation was performed. Seven months after surgery, she had no symptoms, and CCTA confirmed stent patency.

Discussion
To our knowledge, this is the first case report to describe BioGlue embolism observed by OCT. We performed an in vitro study using a blood vessel model, and the obtained OCT image was very similar to the in vivo image. Although BioGlue embolism is a rare complication, it should be considered in cases of perioperative myocardial infarction of uncertain aetiology, and coronary imaging is useful for diagnosis.
External validation of a deep learning algorithm for automated echocardiographic strain measurements
Authors: Myhre Peder L , Hung Chung-Lieh , Frost Matthew J , Jiang Zhubo , Ouwerkerk Wouter , Teramoto Kanako , Svedlund Sara , Saraste Antti , Hage Camilla , Tan Ru-San , Beussink-Nelson Lauren , Fermer Maria L , Gan Li-Ming , Hummel Yoran M , Lund Lars H , Shah Sanjiv J , Lam Carolyn S P , Tromp Jasper 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Aims
Echocardiographic strain imaging reflects myocardial deformation and is a sensitive measure of cardiac function and wall-motion abnormalities. Deep learning (DL) algorithms could automate the interpretation of echocardiographic strain imaging.

Methods and results
We developed and trained an automated DL-based algorithm for left ventricular (LV) strain measurements in an internal dataset. Global longitudinal strain (GLS) was validated externally in (i) a real-world Taiwanese cohort of participants with and without heart failure (HF), (ii) a core-lab measured dataset from the multinational prevalence of microvascular dysfunction-HF and preserved ejection fraction (PROMIS-HFpEF) study, and regional strain in (iii) the HMC-QU-MI study of patients with suspected myocardial infarction. Outcomes included measures of agreement [bias, mean absolute difference (MAD), root-mean-squared-error (RMSE), and Pearson’s correlation (R)] and area under the curve (AUC) to identify HF and regional wall-motion abnormalities. The DL workflow successfully analysed 3741 (89%) studies in the Taiwanese cohort, 176 (96%) in PROMIS-HFpEF, and 158 (98%) in HMC-QU-MI. Automated GLS showed good agreement with manual measurements (mean ± SD): −18.9 ± 4.5% vs. −18.2 ± 4.4%, respectively, bias 0.68 ± 2.52%, MAD 2.0 ± 1.67, RMSE = 2.61, R = 0.84 in the Taiwanese cohort; and −15.4 ± 4.1% vs. −15.9 ± 3.6%, respectively, bias −0.65 ± 2.71%, MAD 2.19 ± 1.71, RMSE = 2.78, R = 0.76 in PROMIS-HFpEF. In the Taiwanese cohort, automated GLS accurately identified patients with HF (AUC = 0.89 for total HF and AUC = 0.98 for HF with reduced ejection fraction). In HMC-QU-MI, automated regional strain identified regional wall-motion abnormalities with an average AUC = 0.80.

Conclusion
DL algorithms can interpret echocardiographic strain images with similar accuracy as conventional measurements. These results highlight the potential of DL algorithms to democratize the use of cardiac strain measurements and reduce time-spent and costs for echo labs globally.
Henry VII and the Tower of London: the context of the ‘confession’ of Sir James Tyrell in 1502
Authors: Thornton Tim 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The recent development of studies of the itineraries of English monarchs has enhanced understanding of a range of aspects of their kingship, as well as of the road and river transport network. In the case of Henry VII, study of the king’s movements allows for a better understanding of his preferences between his residences in and near his capital, and the reasons for these choices. It also sheds light on a particularly controversial episode, the alleged confession by Sir James Tyrell in the Tower of London in 1502 of responsibility for the murders of the ‘princes in the Tower’.
Reducible Fibers of Polynomial Maps
Authors: König Joachim , Neftin Danny 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
For a degree $n$ polynomial $f\in {\mathbb {Q}}[x]$, the elements in the fiber $f^{-1}(a)\subseteq {\mathbb {C}}$ are of degree $n$ over ${\mathbb {Q}}$ for most values $a\in {\mathbb {Q}}$ by Hilbert’s irreducibility theorem. Determining the set of exceptional $a$’s without this property is a long standing open problem that is closely related to the Davenport–Lewis–Schinzel problem (1959) on reducibility of variable separated polynomials. As opposed to a previous work that mostly concerns indecomposable $f$, we answer both problems for decomposable $f=f_{1}\circ \cdots \circ f_{r}$, as long as the indecomposable factors $f_{i}\in {\mathbb {Q}}[x]$ are of degree $\geq 5$ and are not $x^{n}$ or a Chebyshev polynomial composed with linear polynomials.
When an International Organization Fails to Legitimate: The Decline of the OSCE
Authors: Schuette Leonard , Dijkstra Hylke 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Various international organizations have recently faced legitimacy crises, but many have demonstrated resilience and relegitimated their rule. The Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) is an exception. It is clearly an organization in decline and is on the brink of irrelevance. The closure of its Special Monitoring Mission to Ukraine in April 2022 in the wake of the Russian attack is only the latest manifestation of the organization’s long-term legitimacy crisis. Based on the case of the OSCE, this article contributes to the study of legitimacy crises to better understand when such crises can lead to decline. Drawing on twenty interviews with senior officials, the analysis suggests that the OSCE’s failure to (re)legitimate has two interrelated causes: (1) the organization’s institutional weaknesses and impeded leadership have prevented OSCE actors from engaging in effective legitimation practices, and (2) the heterogeneous and largely zero-sum preferences of the OSCE participating states have made them unwilling audiences for (re)legitimation practices. In doing so, the article contributes to our comprehension of the consequences of legitimacy crises.
Mental health and care utilization in survivors of adolescent and young adult cancer
Authors: Baclig Nikita V , Comulada Warren Scott , Ganz Patricia A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Adolescent and young adult cancer survivors experience mental health challenges, yet little is known about the evolution of these difficulties. This study explored mental health symptoms and utilization among long-term adolescent and young adult cancer survivors.

Methods
Using 30 432 respondents from the 2019 National Health Interview Survey, this study compared adults with a history of adolescent and young adult cancer (diagnosed when patients were between 15 and 39 years of age) to adults without adolescent and young adult cancer. Mental health symptom severity was measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire depression scale and 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder questionnaires. Care utilization constituted psychotherapy and mental health medication use. Inverse propensity score weights were used to balance demographics and combined with survey weights. Descriptive statistics, multivariable generalized linear models, and structural equation modeling with 2-sided tests were used for analysis.

Results
We compared 639 adolescent and young adult survivors with 29 793 controls. Survivors were, on average, 20.5 years (SE = 0.74) past their cancer diagnosis dates. After adjusting for survey and propensity score weights, adolescent and young adult survivors reported more severe depression (incidence rate ratio = 1.42, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.09 to 1.84, P &lt; .01) and anxiety (incidence rate ratio = 1.85, 95% CI = 1.55 to 2.21, P &lt; .001). They were more likely to use psychotherapy (odds ratio = 1.91, 95% CI = 1.16 to 3.17, P &lt; .05) and mental health medications (odds ratio = 1.89, 95% CI = 1.15 to 3.11, P &lt; .05). Time since diagnosis was negatively associated with symptoms and utilization. Structural equation modeling demonstrated mediation of utilization effect by symptom severity.

Conclusions
Adolescent and young adult survivors experience worse mental health in late survivorship, despite small improvements over time. We highlight the importance of survivorship care that addresses the long-term mental health needs of these survivors.
Pediatric Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy (OPAT): Experience of Families During Implementation of the Program
Authors: Freire D , Ramos L , Alvarado D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Experience with ambulatory intravenous antimicrobial therapy in pediatrics is reported since 1973. This modality avoids hospitalization or helps for early discharge in a patient who, in addition to antibiotics, has no other criteria to remain hospitalized. Even though it reduces the risks and costs that hospitalization entails and allows the patient to remain inserted in his family its use is not widespread in Latin America. We report the experience of families during the implementation of outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy (OPAT) in pediatric oncologic patients at Solca Guayaquil.

Methods
A pilot program for outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy (OPAT) was started in March 2022. We included patients with a permanent central venous access (port-a-cath) who were otherwise clinical stable (afebrile &gt; 48h, increasing absolute neutrophil count (&gt;500 in hematologic malignancies, &gt;100 in solid tumors), no transfusion requirement) and completed a social questionnaire described previously (SUAU C, Thelma et al) with a score &gt; 9. Patients had follow up with pediatric infectious diseases once a week during therapy and received a certificate of completion on their last day with a QR code to complete an anonymous online survey regarding their experience with the program.

Results
From March to November 2022 there were 6 patients enrolled. Their mean age 9.6 years, 3 (50%) were male and mean duration of therapy 7.7 days. Response rate was 100%. Ronald Mc. Donald's house hosted 5 (83%) patients while 1 (17%) was staying at home. There was 1 (16.7%) readmission 72h after completion of the program. No disfunction of catheter, secondary infection or deaths were reported. Return to regular activities was possible for 4 (67%) of patients. The experience was considered excellent, good or average in 3(50%), 2(33%) and 1(17%) cases. Quality of care during OPAT was perceived as exceeding expectations, meeting expectations and no opinion in 2(33%), 3(50%), and 1(17%) respectively. Support received by hospital staff was pondered excellent and good in 3 (50%) each. All of the patients agreed that OPAT was better than staying admitted however 1 (17%) declared that would not take this modality again (referred as "stressful").

Conclusion
The newly implemented OPAT program was perceived overall as a positive experience for patients and their families, there were no major complications. The feedback provided helped to improve the logistics of the program.
Antibiotic Therapy for Pneumonia in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: Is 5 Days Enough?
Authors: Lewald Zachery S , Prusakov Pavel , Magers Jacqueline K , Kielt Matthew , Sánchez Pablo J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Antibiotic therapy provided to infants in the NICU is associated with both short-and-long-term adverse consequences. In 2019, the Neonatal Antimicrobial Stewardship Program (NEO-ASP) at Nationwide Children’s Hospital (NCH), Columbus, OH, recommended a five-day antibiotic course with a time-out for treatment of pneumonia in the seven NCH network NICUs.

Objective
To determine the duration of antibiotic therapy for pneumonia after implementation of a 5-day antibiotic treatment course and describe its safety among infants in the NICU.

Methods
Prospective surveillance of antibiotic therapy provided to infants in 7 NCH NICUs (1, level 4; 5, Level 3; 1, level 2) who were diagnosed with pneumonia by the attending neonatologist based on clinical and radiographic abnormalities from 8/2020 to 4/2022. Pertinent clinical, laboratory, and microbiologic data were obtained from electronic health records. Infants were excluded if they had positive bacterial cultures of blood, urine, or cerebrospinal fluid. The length of therapy (LOT) was defined as any calendar day that the infant received ≥1 antibiotic while definitive treatment course was the duration of appropriate antibiotic therapy. Safety was defined a priori by re-initiation of antibiotic therapy within 14 days after discontinuation of the initial treatment and/or mortality (overall/sepsis-related).

Results
From 8/2020 to 4/2022, NICU infants (66% male) were diagnosed with 136 episodes of pneumonia at a median (IQR) age of 2 (1-20) days. 61 (45%) of episodes were late onset at ≥3 days of age. All infants had sterile cultures of blood, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid, if performed. Their median (IQR) birth weight and gestational age were 2780 (1090-3450) g and 36 (28-38) wk, respectively. At the time of pneumonia diagnosis, 44% of infants were receiving CPAP while 55% were on mechanical ventilation (11% high frequency oscillatory ventilation). The median (IQR) LOT was 6 (5-6) days and length of definitive treatment was 5 (5-5) days. Overall mortality was 5% (7/128) with 2% of deaths being sepsis-related (n=3; Table 1). The majority of pneumonia episodes (88%; n=120) were treated with 5 days of definitive antibiotic therapy and 22 (16%) episodes had antibiotics restarted within 14 days (Table 1). There was no significant difference in the composite safety outcome between ≤5 vs. 6-20 days of definitive antibiotic therapy (p=0.29).
Table 1. Safety assessments of definitive antibiotic treatment for 136 pneumonia episodes in 128 infants

Table 2. Underlying conditions, antibiotic duration, and cause of death among 7 infants in the NICU

Conclusion(s)
There was excellent adherence (88%) to the NEO-ASP recommendation of a 5-day definitive treatment course for pneumonia and in addition, the intervention seemed safe.
Determination of Seasonal Influenza Intrahost Viral Diversity as a Function of Host Immune Status
Authors: Leonard Ashley Sobel , Mendoza Lydia , Odom John Audrey R , Hensley Scott E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Seasonal influenza viruses evolve predominately via antigenic drift, the slow accumulations of genetic mutations leading to changes in key antigenic sites. Due to the accumulation of antigenic changes, influenza vaccines must be updated each year and, even then, can suffer from limited efficacy due to strain mismatch. Despite high levels of genetic diversity seen across the population, most studies show that intrahost viral diversity in humans following natural infection is limited. It is unclear where the population-level diversity in influenza virus originates. Previous studies have shown that host characteristics, such as pre-existing immunity, may affect the intrahost viral evolution during a single infection. As very young children have limited immunologic memory, we hypothesize these infections may serve as a source of viral diversity.

Methods
In this study, we characterize influenza genetic diversity in the pediatric population as a function of age and vaccine status. We use next generation sequencing to assess intrahost influenza virus diversity in 200 clinical isolates generated during the 2017-2018 flu season from children between 6 months and 18 years of age. We quantify intrahost diversity as the number and frequency of mutations of influenza virus present within each clinical isolate. The clinical samples were obtained from left over influenza-positive nasopharyngeal swabs from the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Infectious Disease Diagnostics Laboratory. We stratify these isolates by host subject age and vaccine status (with respect to that season's influenza vaccine).

Results
The isolates sequenced thus far fall within the 6B.1A, 6B.1A.1, and 6B.1A.5b clades for H1N1 and 3C.2a.1, 3C.2a2, and 3C.3a1 clades for H3N2, as expected. Thus far, there does not appear to be a significant relationship between the number of variants detected and either the age or vaccine status of the subject for either H3N2 or H1N1, though this may change as additional isolates are sequenced.

Conclusions
Through ongoing studies, we evaluate how host age and vaccination status influences intrahost viral diversity. Using clinical metadata, we investigate the association between viral diversity and the duration of symptoms and disease severity. By identifying a reservoir of influenza diversity, we will be better able to evaluate influenza strains for inclusion in the seasonal vaccine.
Clinical Outcome of Neutropenic Colitis in Neutropenic Colitis in Pediatric Patients with Pediatric Patients with Leukemia in a Third Level Leukemia in a Third Level Hospital in Mexico Hospital in Mexico
Authors: Martinez M E , Alonso A , Martinez M E , Alonso A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Objectives
To know the incidence and number of To know the incidence and number of patients with complications of patients with complications of neutropenic colitis. neutropenic colitis.

Study type and design
Descriptive, cross-sectional and retrospective study during the period retrospective study during the period from June 2018 to May 2021. from June 2018 to May 2021.

Material and methods
In a third level hospital where the In a third level hospital where the population is adults and pediatric in population is adults and pediatric in Mexico city, data were obtained of Mexico city, data were obtained of clinical records of pediatric patients clinical records of pediatric patients with hematological cancer aged 1 to 17 with hematological cancer aged 1 to 17 years of both genders with clinical years of both genders with clinical data of neutropenic colitis. data of neutropenic colitis. For the calculation of the sample, the For the calculation of the sample, the Epi Info program was used with the Epi Info program was used with the formula for descriptive studies and 59 formula for descriptive studies and 59 files are required.

Results
Total patients 75, male 56%, patients with ALL 87%, the majority of patients had fever and pain 91%, we found ultrasound positive with colitis en 93%, the majority of patients had treatment with cytarabine and methotrexate 60%, the initial treatment for neutropenic colitis was cefepime/metronidazole in 40%, the average days of treatment was 12 days, complications was found in 31%, and the recovery of patients was 100%.

Conclusion
Patients who are managed with antimetabolites Patients who are managed with antimetabolites have a 10 times greater risk of presenting have a 10 times greater risk of presenting sepsis. sepsis. The main etiological agents continue to be gram The main etiological agents continue to be gram negative microorganisms. negative microorganisms. Despite severe neutropenia, no increase in Despite severe neutropenia, no increase in sepsis was observed. sepsis was observed. It is important to take into account the It is important to take into account the chemotherapy scheme to detect early patients chemotherapy scheme to detect early patients who may be at risk of presenting a complication. who may be at risk of presenting a complication. 13% presented septic shock, however, there 13% presented septic shock, however, there were no reported deaths.