bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics and End-of-Life Care Pathways of Decedents From a National Cohort of Assisted Living Residents
Authors: Belanger Emmanuelle , Rosendaal Nicole , Wang Xiao (Joyce) , Teno Joan M. , Gozalo Pedro L. , Dosa David , Thomas Kali S. 
Published: December 2023

Background:
Assisted living (AL) is an increasingly common, place of care for dying persons. However, it remains unclear to what extent residents are able to age in place or if AL represents an additional transition before death.

Objectives:
Examine the sociodemographic characteristics, comorbidities, health care utilization, and end-of-life care pathways of AL residents before death.

Research Design:
A national cohort study of fee-for-service Medicare beneficiaries residing in large AL communities (25+ beds) during the month of January 2017 with 3 years of follow-up, using administrative claims data.

Subjects:
268,812 AL residents.

Measures:
Sociodemographic characteristics, comorbidities, and health care utilization at the end of life.

Results:
Between 2017 and 2019, 35.1% of the study cohort died. Decedents were more likely than the overall AL population to be 85 years old or older (76.5% vs. 59.5%), and diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementia (70.3% vs. 51.6%). Most decedents (96.2%) had some presence in AL during the last year of life, but over 1 in 5 left AL before the last month of life. Among those in AL on day 30 before death, nearly half (46.4%) died in place without any health care transition, while 13.2% had 3 or more transfers before dying.

Conclusions:
AL is an important place of care for dying persons, especially for those with dementia. These findings indicate a need to assess existing policies and processes guiding the care of the frail and vulnerable population of dying AL residents.
Multimodality Therapy, Followed by Laparoscopic Gastrectomy, for Unresectable Gastric Cancer With Outlet Obstruction and Bulky N2 Metastases
Authors: Ma Liangang , Zhao Baocheng , Zhang Yudong , Jing Shuai , Qu Hao 
Published: December 2023

Background:
Patients who have gastric cancer with outlet obstruction (GCOO) and bulky N2 metastases cannot undergo curative resection and tolerate chemotherapy poorly, which may be improved by multimodality therapy (MMT) combined with laparoscopic gastrectomy.

Patients and Methods:
The records of patients with GCOO and bulky N2 metastases who received MMT including nasojejunal feeding combined with preoperative chemotherapy (PCT), followed by laparoscopic exploration [enteral nutritional (EN) group] in sequence or laparoscopic gastrojejunostomy (LGJ) before PCT plus laparoscopic gastrectomy (LGJ group) were retrospectively reviewed. Prognostic Nutritional Index, gastric outlet obstruction scoring system grade, quality of life, response to PCT, surgical outcomes, and long-term survival were analyzed.

Results:
Fifty-four consecutive patients with GCOO and bulky N2 metastases were identified. The Prognostic Nutritional Index and Nutritional Risk Screening-2002 score of patients were significantly improved as a result of multimodal therapy, but no superiority was demonstrated between the EN group and the LGJ group. The quality of life (52.6 ± 11.4 vs 68.2 ± 13.5, P = 0.036) and gastric outlet obstruction scoring system (P < 0.05) of patients in the LGJ group were better compared with the EN group. The rate of laparoscopic D2 gastrectomy (94.3% vs 92.9%, P = 0.64) and R0 resection (91.4% vs 92.9%, P = 0.53) in the EN group was similar to the LGJ group. There were no significant differences for the 5-year overall survival rate (63.2% vs 57.1, P = 0.86) and the 5-year relapse-free survival rate (42.9% vs 53.8%, P = 0.54) of patients in the EN group compared with the LGJ group.

Conclusions:
MMT including EN support or laparoscopic gastrojejunostomy followed by laparoscopic D2 gastrectomy is a feasible and effective treatment for patients with GCOO and bulky N2 metastases.
High throughput screening identifies broad-spectrum Coronavirus entry inhibitors
Authors: Khan Suman , Partuk Efrat Ozer , Chiaravalli Jeanne , Kozer Noga , Shurrush Khriesto A. , Elbaz-Alon Yael , Scher Nadav , Giraud Emilie , Tran-Rajau Jaouen , Agou Fabrice , Barr Haim Michael , Avinoam Ori 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe Covid-19 pandemic highlighted the pressing need for antiviral therapeutics capable of mitigating infection and spread of emerging coronaviruses (CoVs). A promising therapeutic strategy lies in inhibiting viral entry mediated by the Spike (S) glycoprotein. To identify small molecule inhibitors that block entry downstream of receptor binding, we established a high-throughput screening (HTS) platform based on pseudoviruses. We employed a three-step process to screen nearly 200,000 small molecules. First, we identified potential inhibitors by assessing their ability to inhibit pseudoviruses bearing the SARS-CoV-2 S glycoprotein. Subsequent counter-screening against pseudoviruses with the Vesicular Stomatitis Virus glycoprotein (VSV-G), yielding sixty-five SARS-CoV-2 S-specific inhibitors. These were further tested against pseudoviruses bearing the MERS-CoV S glycoprotein, which uses a different receptor. Out of these, five compounds including the known broad-spectrum inhibitor Nafamostat, were subjected to further validation and tested them against pseudoviruses bearing the S glycoprotein of the alpha, delta, and omicron variants as well as againstbona fideSARS-CoV-2in vitro. This rigorous approach revealed a novel inhibitor and its derivative as a potential broad-spectrum antiviral. These results validate the HTS platform and set the stage for lead optimization and future pre-clinical,in vivostudies.
Identification of a P62-TIF-IA axis that drives nucleolar fusion and the senescence associated secretory phenotype
Authors: Thoms Hazel C , Brant Tyler , Duckett Katie , Yang Yizheng , Dong Jinxi , Wang Hongfei , Derby Freya , Akeke Tumi , Mann Derek , Millar Fraser R , Kriegsheim Alex Von , Acosta Juan Carlos , Oakley Fiona , Stark Lesley A 
Published: December 2023

AbstractTwo key characteristics of senescent cells are nucleolar fusion and secretion of a plethora of pro-inflammatory cytokines called the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). The SASP is dependent on NF-κB but the initial trigger, and links with nucleoli, are unclear. Using multiplein vitroandin vivomodels, we show that an early response to oncogene- and therapy-induced senescence (OIS and TIS) is nuclear/nucleolar accumulation of the PolI complex component, TIF-IA. This accumulation is essential for nucleolar fusion, the SASP and senescence, independent of rDNA transcription. We show that in steady state, TIF-IA is targeted for autophagic degradation by the p62 cargo receptor and that accumulation in senescence occurs as a consequence of ATM activation, which disrupts the p62-TIF-IA interaction. In mice, TIF-IA accumulates in colonic mucosa with age, which is further enhanced in thenfkb1-/-model of accelerated ageing. Together, these results reveal a p62-TIF-IA nucleolar stress axis that regulates the SASP and senescence, and that warrants further investigation as an anti-ageing target.
The intrinsically disordered tail of ESCO1 binds DNA in a charge-dependent manner
Authors: Schoen Jeffrey R. , Chen Jingrong , Rankin Susannah 
Published: December 2023

AbstractESCO1 is an acetyltransferase enzyme that regulates chromosome organization and gene expression. It does this by modifying the Smc3 subunit of the Cohesin complex. Although ESCO1 is enriched at the base of chromatin loops in a Cohesin-dependent manner, precisely how it interacts with chromatin is unknown. Here we show that the basic and intrinsically disordered tail of ESCO1 binds DNA with very high affinity, likely through electrostatic interaction. We show that neutralization of positive residues in the N-tail reduces both DNA binding in vitro and association of the enzyme with chromatin in cells. Additionally, disruption of the chromatin state and charge distribution reduces chromatin bound ESCO1. Strikingly, defects in DNA binding do not affect total SMC3 acetylation or sister chromatid cohesion, suggesting that ESCO1-dependent acetylation can occur independently of direct chromatin association. We conclude that the intrinsically disordered tail of ESCO1 binds DNA with both high affinity and turnover, but surprisingly, ESCO1 catalytic activity occurs independently of direct DNA binding by the enzyme.
DRR pioneers interview with Andrew Maskrey and Allan Lavell
Authors: Maskrey Andrew , Lavell Allan 
Published: December 2023

PurposeThe interview traces the early discussions in the context of disasters as developmental failures.Design/methodology/approachThe transcript and video was developed in the context of a United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR) project on the history of DRR.FindingsThe interview traces the development of disaster risk reduction discussions in different contexts such as “LA RED” network in Latin America.Originality/valueThe interview clearly highlights the need to not forget the early thoughts on vulnerability and disaster risk.
Integrated trophic position as a proxy for food‐web complexity
Authors: Ishikawa Naoto F. , Takashima Ayaka , Maruoka Hirokazu , Kondoh Michio 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

There are two distinct approaches to describing the distributions of biomass and species in food webs: one to consider them as discrete trophic levels (TLs); and the other to consider them as continuous trophic positions (TPs). Bridging the gap between these two perspectives presents a nontrivial challenge in integrating biodiversity and food‐web structure.

Food network unfolding (FNU) is a technique used to bridge this gap by partitioning the biomass of species into integer TLs to compute three complexity indices, namely vertical (DV), horizontal (DH) and range (DR) diversity (D indices), through decomposition of Shannon's index H′. Using FNU, the food web (a network of species with unique TPs) is converted to a linear food chain (a biomass distribution at discrete TLs). This enables us to expect that the unfolded biomass within species decreases exponentially as the TL increases. Under this condition, the mean TL value in unfolded food chains is hypothesized to have an exponential relationship with the vertical diversity, DV. To explore this, we implemented FNU and calculated D indices for food webs publicly available at EcoBase (n = 158) and calculated the integrated TP (iTP), defined as the biomass‐weighted average TP of a given food web. The iTP corresponds to the mean TL in unfolded food chains and can be empirically measured through compound‐specific isotope analysis of amino acids (CSIA‐AA).

Although our analysis is biased towards marine ecosystems, we revealed an exponential relationship between iTP and DV, suggesting that iTP can serve as a measurable proxy for DV. Furthermore, we found a positive correlation between the iTP observed in the total communities (total iTP) and the iTPs of partial communities consisting only of species with 2.0 ≤ TP < 3.0 (partial iTP; r2 = 0.48), suggesting that DV can be predicted using partial iTP.

Our findings suggest that the net effect of species diversity, excluding the effect of biomass (corresponding to H′ − DV), on food‐web complexity can be revealed by combining CSIA‐AA with biodiversity analysis (e.g. environmental DNA).
Lacosamide use during breastfeeding: A case report and a literature review
Authors: Cercos Morgan , Seqat Ines , Facile Anthony , Vial Thierry , Auffret Marine 
Published: December 2023

AbstractLacosamide, a voltage‐gated sodium channel inhibitor, is an anti‐seizure medication (ASM) from the age of 4. We report on the case of a woman treated with lacosamide for pharmacoresistant epilepsy who breastfed her infant for more than 6 months after birth. The infant's blood concentrations of lacosamide were 2.4 mg/L on Day 1 and less than 1 mg/L on Day 10 (reference values are 1–10 mg/L). No adverse drug reactions (ADRs) were reported for the infant. Eight cases of breastfeeding by mothers receiving lacosamide are described in the literature. These data confirm that a significant amount of lacosamide seems to pass into breast milk, with a relative infant dose (RID) above 20% in two cases but a low RID (1.8%) in another case. Nevertheless, blood tests, performed in two breastfed infants, revealed low concentrations of lacosamide. No ADRs were reported in eight of the breastfed infants; however, one infant, whose mother was also treated with levetiracetam, presented poor feeding and sleepiness at Day 15 of life. Given the well‐known benefits of breastfeeding for both mothers and their infants, as well as the above reassuring data, breastfeeding of healthy full‐term infants could be possible for mothers on lacosamide monotherapy. Nonetheless, relatives should be warned that data concerning the safety of lacosamide during breastfeeding are scarce and that long‐term neurodevelopment outcomes in breastfed children are unknown. Clinical monitoring of breastfed infants for drowsiness, adequate weight gain, or cutaneous rash is recommended. Additionally, the infants' serum levels should be measured in case of an unexplained adverse reaction.
Preparation and enhanced mechanical properties of novel Al2O3‐C ceramic filter reinforced by microporous powder and SiC whiskers
Authors: Yan Wen , Chen Zhe , Li Guangqiang , Hong Shaosong , Li Nan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn present work, the novel Al2O3‐C ceramic filter fabricated by using microporous corundum‐spinel powder instead of dense Al2O3 powder and reinforced by SiC whiskers is proposed. The effects of Si powder content (0, 3, 6, and 9 wt. %) on the microstructures and mechanical properties of the filters were studied. After replacing the α‐Al2O3 micro‐powder with microporous corundum‐spinel powder, the in situ spinel whiskers were formed inside the filter skeleton under the reducing atmosphere. The rough surface structure of the microporous powder increased the interface contact area with the small‐sized carbon particles, resulting in a compact interface bonding in the filter skeleton and a higher cold compressive strength of the filter. When the Si powder content increased to 6–9 wt. %, the in‐situ SiC whiskers were formed not only between the microporous powder, but also inside the pores near the surface of it by vapor‐solid reaction mechanism in the filter skeleton. The SiC whiskers synergized with the microporous powder to form a more compact interface structure, thus remarkably enhancing their cold compressive strength and thermal shock resistance. Overall, the mechanical properties of the filters were significantly improved by the addition of 9 wt. % Si powder. The filter skeleton had an apparent porosity of 36.2% and a bulk density of 1.93 g/cm3. The filter also exhibited a high cold compressive strength of 1.59 MPa and a superior thermal shock resistance. It has the potential for better purification efficiency on molten steel in the future due to a rougher skeleton surface structure compared to existing Al2O3‐C filters.
The effect of Dendrobium officinale extract in inhibiting the senescence of H2O2‐induced fibroblasts based on the senescence‐associated secretory phenotype
Authors: Li Lingyu , Zhu Le , Chen Mo , Zhao Ya , Jia Haidong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundDendrobium officinale is widely used for a long time in China, with effect of antioxidation, antitumor, enhancing immunity and so on. In recent years, Dendrobium officinale has been gradually used in cosmetics due to its powerful beauty effects.AimsBased on senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP), we studied the antiaging effect of Dendrobium officinale extract (DOE) on skin.MethodsThe senescent model of human skin fibroblasts was established by the induction of H2O2, and the content of SASP factors was tested after the treatment of DOE, such as interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1) and matrix metalloproteinase‐1 (MMP‐1).ResultsIt was found that after the treatment with different concentrations of DOE, the contents of IL‐6, MCP‐1 and MMP‐1 all decreased in different degrees.ConclusionsIt indicated that DOE could inhibit the secretion of SASP factors and was a promising natural antiaging agent.
Assessing the relationship between census tract rurality and severe maternal morbidity in California (1997‐2018)
Authors: Berkowitz Rachel L. , Kan Peiyi , Gao Xing , Hailu Elleni M. , Board Christine , Lyndon Audrey , Mujahid Mahasin , Carmichael Suzan L. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPurposeRecent studies have demonstrated an increased risk of severe maternal morbidity (SMM) for people living in rural versus urban counties. Studies have not considered rurality at the more nuanced subcounty census‐tract level. This study assessed the relationship between census‐tract‐level rurality and SMM for birthing people in California.MethodsWe used linked vital statistics and hospital discharge records for births between 1997 and 2018 in California. SMM was defined by at least 1 of 21 potentially fatal conditions and lifesaving procedures. Rural‐Urban Commuting Area codes were used to characterize census tract rurality dichotomously (2‐category) and at 4 levels (4‐category). Covariates included sociocultural‐demographic, pregnancy‐related, and neighborhood‐level factors. We ran a series of mixed‐effects logistic regression models with tract‐level clustering, reporting risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We used the STROBE reporting guidelines.FindingsOf 10,091,415 births, 1.1% had SMM. Overall, 94.3% of participants resided in urban/metropolitan and 5.7% in rural tracts (3.9% micropolitan, 0.9% small town, 0.8% rural). In 2‐category models, the risk of SMM was 10% higher for birthing people in rural versus urban tracts (95% CI: 6%, 13%). In 4‐category models, the risk of SMM was 16% higher in micropolitan versus metropolitan tracts (95% CI: 12%, 21%).ConclusionThe observed rurality and SMM relationship was driven by living in a micropolitan versus metropolitan tract. Increased risk may result from resource access inequities within suburban areas. Our findings demonstrate the importance of considering rurality at a subcounty level to understand locality‐related inequities in the risk of SMM.
Phosphate-related genomic islands as drivers of environmental adaptation in the streamlined marine alphaproteobacterial HIMB59
Authors: Molina-Pardines Carmen , Haro-Moreno Jose M. , López-Pérez Mario 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
Prokaryotic species are composed of multiple clonal lineages coexisting in the same habitat. In recent years, understanding the maintenance of this high intraspecific genetic diversity in asexual microorganisms has been a challenge for microbial ecology. In this study, we investigated the potential ecological role of this genomic heterogeneity in the marine HIMB59 clade. The metagenomic recruitment revealed the presence of three main genomospecies with different ecological distribution patterns within the two defined families. Genomic analysis revealed the presence of a flexible genomic island conserved throughout the order at the same position in the genome and related to phosphate (P) metabolism. The different versions of this island showed a distribution correlated with the concentration of P in the environment but not with the phylogeny at the genomospecies level. At high P availability (>0.5 µM), HIMB59 cells had only the high-affinity phosphate transporter operon (PstSCAB and PhoU). Under conditions of higher P scarcity (<0.05 µM), the cells presented a higher number of genes for the acquisition of P groups from other sources such as organic molecules and their storage. Additionally, in oligotrophic regions exhibiting extreme P depletion, such as the Mediterranean Sea, we found a second flexible genomic island related to phosphonate catabolism to supply metabolic P requirements. These results suggest that these microbes maintain in natural populations a gene pool with an equivalent biological function that allows them to respond to variations in certain micronutrients, creating ecologically distinct lineages within each species.

IMPORTANCE

These results shed light on the evolutionary strategies of microbes with streamlined genomes to adapt and survive in the oligotrophic conditions that dominate the surface waters of the global ocean. At the individual level, these microbes have been subjected to evolutionary constraints that have led to a more efficient use of nutrients, removing non-essential genes named as “streamlining theory.” However, at the population level, they conserve a highly diverse gene pool in flexible genomic islands resulting in polyclonal populations on the same genomic background as an evolutionary response to environmental pressures. Localization of these islands at equivalent positions in the genome facilitates horizontal transfer between clonal lineages. This high level of environmental genomic heterogeneity could explain their cosmopolitan distribution. In the case of the order HIMB59 within the class
Alphaproteobacteria
, two factors exert evolutionary pressure and determine this intraspecific diversity: phages and the concentration of P in the environment.