bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial modelling of palsa mires in relation to climate in northern Europe
Authors: Luoto Miska , Fronzek Stefan , Zuidhoff Frieda S. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractPalsa mires are mire complexes that occur in the Northern Hemisphere, representing one of the most marginal permafrost features at the outer limit of the permafrost zone. A climate‐based spatial model is presented for the distribution of palsa mires in northern Europe. The model is based on an extensive spatial data of palsa mires and climatological variables from 1913 grid cells in an area of c. 240 000 km2. Generalized linear modelling (GLM) with curvilinear and interaction terms is used to derive the palsa mire–climate relationships. The ﬁnal model correctly classiﬁed 77·6 per cent of the palsa mire presence squares. The results indicate a positive association of the distribution of palsa mires with increasing frost number and continentality, whereas precipitation and temperature showed a negative correlation with the distribution of palsa mires. Additionally, interaction of thawing degree days and summer time precipitation showed a negative association. Climatologically, the optimum areas of palsa mires occur in areas of low precipitation (<450 mm) and a mean annual temperature between −3 °C and −5 °C. Potential reasons for the performance of the model and the sensitivity of palsa mires to climate change are discussed. The application of a GIS‐based generalized linear modelling as used here provides a versatile method to study the distribution of different geomorphological phenomena across climatological gradients. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Macro‐scale bed roughness of the siple coast ice streams in West Antarctica
Authors: Siegert Martin J. , Taylor Justin , Payne Antony J. , Hubbard Bryn 
Published: September 2004

AbstractSubglacial bed conditions are key to understanding ice stream behaviour and evolution, with bed roughness reﬂecting substrate composition and ﬂow resistance. Here we present an analysis of bed roughness in the Siple Coast region of West Antarctica from airborne radio‐echo sounding data. The ice streams are associated generally with low bed roughness values, which decrease downstream. The bed of the slow‐ﬂowing Ice Stream C (∼10 000 km2) is also characterized by being smooth at all scales (wavelengths ranging from 5 km to in excess of 40 km). Furthermore, the bed is smooth either side of Ice Stream C. This suggests the location of the ice stream is controlled by internal ice sheet dynamics rather than by bed morphology. If the ice stream were encouraged to migrate laterally, when active, there would be little resistance offered by the subglacial morphology. Other inter‐ice stream regions are rough, however, indicating a subglacial topographic inﬂuence on ice stream position. Bed roughness increases up‐ﬂow of ice streams, which, unless the bed is modiﬁed, may limit the inland migration of these systems. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Expression profiles and clinical relationships of ID2, CDKN1B, and CDKN2A in primary neuroblastoma
Authors: Gebauer Sigrun , Yu Alice L. , Omura‐Minamisawa Motoko , Batova Ayse , Diccianni Mitchell B. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractDespite considerable research into the etiology of neuroblastoma, the molecular basis of this disease has remained elusive. In contrast to the absence of expression of the known tumor suppressor CDKN2A (also known as p16 and INK4A) in a wide variety of tumor types we have found in previous studies that CDKN2A protein is paradoxically highly expressed in many advanced stage neuroblastomas and unrelated to RB1 status. In the present study, we sought to identify the mechanistic relationships that might influence CDKN2A expression and negate its influence on tumor cell proliferation. In this regard, we examined the role of the tumor‐suppressor gene CDKN1B (also known as p27 and Kip1) and the oncogene ID2 in relationship to CDKN2A expression, MYCN amplification, and neuroblastoma pathogenesis in 17 neuroblastoma cell lines and 129 samples of primary tumors of all stages. All neuroblastoma cell lines expressed the ID2 transcript and protein. However, although the majority of primary neuroblastomas also expressed the ID2 transcript, expression of the ID2 protein was undetectable or only barely detectable, regardless of transcript expression. In both cell lines and primary tumors, ID2 expression was independent of both CDKN2A and MYCN expression. In primary neuroblastomas, CDKN1B protein was expressed in significantly fewer advanced‐stage neuroblastomas than early‐stage neuroblastomas, but its expression had no relationship with CDKN2A expression or MYCN amplification. We concluded that the paradoxical expression of CDKN2A in neuroblastoma cannot be explained by inactivation of the tumor‐suppressor gene CDKN1B or overexpression of the oncogene ID2. We further concluded that ID2 is not a target of MYCN regulation nor is it a prognostic factor for neuroblastoma. Finally, the loss of CDKN1B in advanced‐stage neuroblastoma suggests this protein may play a role in the neuroblastoma disease process. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mouse zinc transporter 1 gene provides an essential function during early embryonic development
Authors: Andrews Glen K. , Wang Haibin , Dey S.K. , Palmiter Richard D. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe SLC30 family of cation diffusion transporters includes at least nine members in mammals, most of which have been documented to play a role in zinc transport. The founding member of this family, Znt1, was discovered by virtue of its ability to efflux zinc from cells and to protect them from zinc toxicity. However, its physiological functions remain unknown. To address this issue, mice with targeted knockout of the Znt1 gene were generated by homologous recombination in embryonic stem cells. Heterozygous Znt1 mice were viable. In contrast, homozygous Znt1 mice died in utero soon after implantation due to a catastrophic failure of embryonic development. Although extraembryonic membranes formed around these embryos, the embryo proper failed to undergo morphogenesis past the egg cylinder stage and was amorphous by d9 of pregnancy. Expression of the Znt1 gene was detected predominantly in trophoblasts and in the maternal deciduum during the postimplantation period (d5 to d8). The failure of homozygous Znt1 embryos to develop could not be rescued by manipulating maternal dietary zinc (either excess or deficiency) during pregnancy. However, embryos in Znt1 heterozygous females were ∼3 times more likely to develop abnormally when exposed to maternal dietary zinc deficiency during later pregnancy than were those in wildtype females. These studies suggest that Znt1 serves an essential function of transporting maternal zinc into the embryonic environment during the egg cylinder stage of development, and further suggest that Znt1 plays a role in zinc homeostasis in adult mice. genesis 40:74–81, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Alcohol and marijuana use among college students: economic complements or substitutes?
Authors: Williams J. , Liccardo Pacula Rosalie , Chaloupka Frank J. , Wechsler Henry 
Published: September 2004

AbstractPrevious research has shown that the recent tightening of college alcohol policies has been effective at reducing college students' drinking. Over the period in which these stricter alcohol policies have been put in place, marijuana use among college students has increased. This raises the question of whether current policies aimed at reducing alcohol consumption are inadvertently encouraging marijuana use. This paper begins to address this question by investigating the relationship between the demands for alcohol and marijuana for college students using data from the 1993, 1997 and 1999 waves of the Harvard School of Public Health's College Alcohol Study (CAS). We find that alcohol and marijuana are economic complements and that policies that increase the full price of alcohol decrease participation in marijuana use. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Health state values for the HUI 2 descriptive system: results from a UK survey
Authors: McCabe Christopher , Stevens Katherine , Roberts Jennifer , Brazier John 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThis paper reports the results of a study to estimate a statistical health state valuation model for a revised version of the Health Utilities Index Mark 2, using Standard Gamble health state preference data. A sample of 51 health states were valued by a sample of the 198 members of the UK general population. Models are estimated for predicting health state valuations for all 8000 states defined by the revised HUI2. The recommended model produces logical and significant coefficients for all levels of all dimensions in the HUI2. These coefficients appear to be robust across model specifications. This model performs well in predicting the observed health state values within the valuation sample and for a separate validation sample of health states. However, there are concerns over large prediction errors for two health states in the valuation sample. These problems must be balanced against concerns over the validity of using the VAS based health state valuation data of the original HUI2 valuation model. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Positron emission tomography with 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose to predict pathologic response after induction chemotherapy and definitive chemoradiotherapy in head and neck cancer
Authors: McCollum A. David , Burrell Steven C. , Haddad Robert I. , Norris Charles M. , Tishler Roy B. , Case Mary Ann , Posner Marshall R. , Van den Abbeele Annick D. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractBackground.Conventional imaging is limited in identifying persistent disease after organ‐preserving therapy for patients with advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). We studied the accuracy of positron emission tomography (PET) with 18F‐fluoro‐2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose (FDG‐PET) in restaging disease in patients with SCCHN after they had undergone induction chemotherapy (ICT) followed by chemoradiotherapy (CRT).Methods.Forty patients with advanced SCCHN were treated with ICT followed by CRT. FDG‐PET imaging was performed to assess for residual cancer at the primary site and in nodal metastases. Two nuclear medicine physicians interpreted PET scans in random sequence. Test characteristics were calculated with pathologic analysis or clinical recurrence as the standard.Results.After induction chemotherapy, PET imaging had a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 65% for detecting persistent disease at the primary tumor site. After ICT and CRT were completed, the sensitivity and specificity of PET imaging were 67% and 53%, respectively, for detecting occult disease in cervical lymph nodes.Conclusions.FDG‐PET imaging showed some correlation with pathologic response after ICT and CRT in patients with advanced SCCHN. The use of FDG‐PET warrants further investigation in this setting. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 26: 890–896, 2004
Successful adoption of macroergonomics in manufacturing: Using a multicriteria decision‐making methodology– analytic hierarchy process
Authors: Erensal Yasemin Claire , Albayrak Esra 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe research presented in this paper aims to support the macroergonomics adoption improvement process by developing a broader understanding of relationships between key macroergonomics factors and management styles. The methodology involves knowledge acquisition, identifying, and categorizing a holistic set of key criteria about the macroergonomics adoption process. The Analytic Hierarchy Process is suggested as a multi‐attribute decision‐making methodology to effectively enhance adoption of macroergonomics and to improve management decision performance in measuring and comparing the overall performance of different management styles based on macroergonomical criteria. The study found that in terms of company culture, participation, human capability, and attitudes, the best management style in improving macroergonomics adoption is Management by Values. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Hum Factors Man 14: 353–377, 2004.
Forced distribution: Is it right for you?
Authors: Guralnik Orna , Rozmarin Eyal , So Anne 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThis article reports the relevant highlights of our experience with companies that adopt a forced distribution (FD) system. We describe why they choose it, what impact it has on their organization, and how we help them decide if FD is a good match for their culture. We have included a cultural checklist that we designed with one of our clients to assist in the decision to use an FD system.
Toward a contingency model of how to choose the right type of learning organization
Authors: Örtenblad Anders 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe learning organization is in itself a vague idea, and many argue that the idea must be adapted to each single organization and its particular needs before it can be implemented. There is very little guidance, though, on how to adapt the (vague) idea. This forum piece therefore tentatively suggests a contextual model of how to choose the right type of learning organization, among four types. It also suggests some areas where research is needed in order to develop the model further.
Recombinant modified vaccinia Ankara primes functionally activated CTL specific for a melanoma tumor antigen epitope in melanoma patients with a high risk of disease recurrence
Authors: Smith Caroline L. , Dunbar P. Rod , Mirza Fareed , Palmowski Michael J. , Shepherd Dawn , Gilbert Sarah C. , Coulie Pierre , Schneider Joerg , Hoffman Eric , Hawkins Robert , Harris Adrian L. , Cerundolo Vincenzo 
Published: September 2004

AbstractRecombinant plasmid DNA and attenuated poxviruses are under development as cancer and infectious disease vaccines. We present the results of a phase I clinical trial of recombinant plasmid DNA and modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA), both encoding 7 melanoma tumor antigen cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes. HLA‐A*0201‐positive patients with surgically treated melanoma received either a “prime‐boost” DNA/MVA or a homologous MVA‐only regimen. Ex vivo tetramer analysis, performed at multiple time points, provided detailed kinetics of vaccine‐driven CTL responses specific for the high‐affinity melan‐A26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35 analogue epitope. Melan‐A26‐35‐specific CTL were generated in 2/6 patients who received DNA/MVA (detectable only after the first MVA injection) and 4/7 patients who received MVA only. Ex vivo ELISPOT analysis and in vitro proliferation assays confirmed the effector function of these CTL. Responses were seen in smallpox‐vaccinated as well as vaccinia‐naïve patients, as defined by anti‐vaccinia antibody responses demonstrated by ELISA assay. The observations that 1) CTL responses were generated to only 1 of the recombinant epitopes and 2) that the magnitude of these responses (0.029–0.19% CD8+ T cells) was below the levels usually seen in acute viral infections suggest that to ensure high numbers of CTL specific for multiple recombinant epitopes, a deeper understanding of the interplay between CTL responses specific for the viral vector and recombinant epitopes is required.
Insulin‐like growth factor‐I gene polymorphism and breast cancer risk in Chinese women
Authors: Wen Wanqing , Gao Yu‐Tang , Shu Xiao‐Ou , Yu Herbert , Cai Qiuyin , Smith Jeffrey R. , Zheng Wei 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe evidence that high circulating levels of insulin‐like growth factor‐I (IGF‐I) are associated with an increased risk of breast cancer among premenopausal women lends credence to the hypothesis that genetic polymorphisms in the IGF‐I gene may be involved in the disease. A population‐based case‐control study was conducted to assess the association of IGF‐I gene polymorphisms [(CA)n repeats in the promoter region] with breast cancer risk and plasma IGF‐I level in Chinese women. The study included 1,041 incident breast cancer cases diagnosed from August 1996 through March 1998 in Shanghai and 1,086 randomly selected, age frequency‐matched controls from the general population. Although no relation between plasma IGF‐I levels and IGF‐I genotypes was found, women who carried the genotypes containing the (CA)17 or (CA)19 allele were associated with a significantly decreased (OR=0.80, 95% CI: 0.64–1.00) or increased (OR=1.23, 95% CI: 1.04–1.47) risk of breast cancer, respectively, and women who carried the genotypes containing any of the 4 rare alleles, (CA)11, (CA)13, (CA)16 and (CA)23, were associated with a nonsignificantly increased risk of breast cancer (OR=1.92, 95% CI: 0.92–4.02) compared to those who did not carry the specific alleles. The associations with the (CA)17 or (CA)19 allele were predominantly present among premenopausal women and in a dose‐response manner. The meta‐analysis results indicated that IGF‐I genotypes containing the (CA)19 were consistently associated with increased risk of breast cancer across studies (overall OR=1.22, 95% CI: 1.06–1.41, p for heterogeneity test=0.524). The findings of this study support the hypothesis that IGF‐I gene polymorphisms may be a significant genetic factor for breast cancer susceptibility.
The development of the coparenting relationship over the transition to parenthood
Authors: Van Egeren Laurie A. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThis study investigated the development of the coparenting relationship upon its initiation, after the transition to parenthood. The coparenting experiences and interactions of 101 married couples were assessed to evaluate the validity of the coparenting construct and to identify individual differences in trajectories of coparenting experiences. Five major conclusions emerged. First, the coparenting and the marriage are related but differentiated dimensions of the couple relationship, even in early infancy. Second, on average, coparenting experiences are positive and stable over the first six months of parenthood, but fathers are significantly more satisfied with coparenting than are mothers. Third, the pre‐birth marital relationship, and especially fathers' positive marital interactions, are important indicators of whether both parents will feel supported and validated in coparenting. Fourth, change in post‐birth marital experiences are inversely related to change in coparenting experiences, suggesting that one aspect of the couple relationship may be maintained at the expense of the other aspect. Fifth, other factors that change over time, particularly violated expectations for the division of childcare, predict the ways in which coparenting experiences develop. In addition, fathers reported better coparenting experiences when infants were perceived as having easier temperaments. In general, the development of coparenting appears to take different paths for mothers and fathers.
Institution‐based early intervention program
Authors: Muhamedrahimov Rifkat J. , Palmov Oleg I. , Nikiforova Natalia V. , Groark Christina J. , McCall Robert B. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThis article details an early intervention program in orphanages in St. Petersburg, Russian Federation. The program is based upon the analysis of the orphanage system and statistical data on children, personnel, and their interaction. The results of observations conducted before the intervention showed crucial deficits of the caregiving staff with respect to their stability and consistency, as well as responsiveness and emotional availability. Instead, the caregivers focus attention on medical care, education, and daily routine caretaking. This article outlines the guiding principles for the institution‐wide early intervention program, with the aim for each child having an early experience of ongoing interaction with his/her own close and emotionally available adults. The outlined program guiding principles were supported by a St. Petersburg, Russian Federation–Pittsburgh, USA joint project with two main interventions: training of caregivers and structural changes in the orphanage to promote family‐like conditions for children. An overview of the training intervention is described in a parallel article (Groark, Muhamedrahimov, Nikiforova, Palmov, & McCall, in press). The structural changes intervention was aimed at improving stability and consistency of caregivers and creating a more family‐like environment that would support relationship building. Specifically, it consisted of smaller group sizes, integration by age and disability status, primary caregivers who were present every day, Family Hour, pullout groups, and team‐like staff organization. Observations and early data analysis show the effective implementation of the structural changes intervention, an increase in the consistency and stability of caregivers, and changes in children and caregivers.
Leptin and connective tissue growth factor in advanced glycation end‐product‐induced effects in NRK‐49F cells
Authors: Lee Chu‐I , Guh Jinn‐Yuh , Chen Hung‐Chun , Lin Kuan‐Hua , Yang Yu‐Lin , Hung Wen‐Chun , Lai Yung‐Hsiung , Chuang Lea‐Yea 
Published: September 2004

AbstractPreviously, we showed that Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) is important in advanced glycation end‐product (AGE)‐induced effects in renal interstitial (NRK‐49F) fibroblasts. Leptin is a JAK2‐activating cytokine via the long form leptin receptor (Ob‐Rb). Leptin and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) may be involved in renal fibrosis. However, the relationship between leptin and CTGF in terms of AGE‐induced effects remains unknown. Thus, the effects of AGE (150 μg/ml) and leptin on mitogenesis, CTGF and collagen expression in NRK‐49F cells were determined. We found that leptin and AGE increased mitogenesis and type I collagen protein expression at 3 and 7 days, respectively. AGE increased leptin mRNA and protein expression at 2–3 days. AGE increased CTGF mRNA and protein expression at 3–5 days. AG‐490 (JAK2 inhibitor) abrogated AGE‐induced leptin mRNA and protein expression at 2–3 days. AG‐490 and Ob‐Rb anti‐sense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) abrogated AGE‐induced CTGF mRNA and protein expression at 3–5 days. AG‐490 and CTGF anti‐sense ODN abrogated AGE‐induced mitogenesis and collagen protein expression at 7 days. Additionally, leptin dose (0.2–1 μg/ml) and time (1–2 days)‐dependently increased CTGF protein expression. AG‐490 abrogated leptin (1 μg/ml)‐induced CTGF protein expression at 2 days. AG‐490 and CTGF anti‐sense ODN abrogated leptin‐induced mitogenesis and collagen protein expression at 3 days. We concluded that AGE induced JAK2 to increase leptin while leptin induced JAK2 to increase CTGF‐induced mitogenesis and type I collagen protein expression in NRK‐49F cells. Additionally, AGE‐induced mitogenesis and type I collagen protein expression were dependent on leptin‐induced CTGF. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Activation of Akt/PDK signaling in macrophages upon binding of receptor‐recognized forms of α2‐macroglobulin to its cellular receptor: Effect of silencing the CREB gene
Authors: Misra U.K. , Pizzo Salvatore V. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractMacrophage binding of receptor‐recognized forms of α2‐macrogobulin (α2M*) significantly increases cAMP, CREB, and activated CREB. We have now examined the participation of the PI 3‐kinase/PDK/Akt/p70s6k signaling cascade in α2M*‐induced cellular proliferation and also studied the role of CREB in these events. Exposure of cells to α2M* caused an ∼2‐fold increase in CREB and its phosphorylation at Ser133, phosphorylation of the regulatory subunit of PI 3‐kinase, Akt phosphorylation at Ser473 or Thr308, and phosphorylated 70s6k. Silencing of the CREB gene with dsRNA homologous in sequence to the target gene, markedly reduced the levels of CREB mRNA activation of CREB, PI 3‐kinase, Akt, and p70s6k in α2M*‐stimulated macrophages. We conclude that in murine peritoneal macrophages, α2M*‐induced increase of cAMP is involved in cellular proliferation and this process is mediated by the PI 3‐kinase signaling cascade. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.