bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bacterial contamination of medical face mask wearing duration and the optimal wearing time
Authors: Ding Guotao , Li Guiying , Liu Mengyu , Sun Peng , Ren Danqi , Zhao Yan , Gao Teng , Yang Guoxing , Fang Yanfei , Li Weihao 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionBacterial contamination is a critical parameter for how long a medical mask will be worn.MethodsIn this study, we used the pour plate method to observe the total bacteria counts in used medical face masks. The bacterial community analysis was detected using bio-Mass spectrometry technology and 16SrRNA gene sequencing technology. The wearing time of the mask from 0.5 hours to 5 hours were studied.ResultsThese results shown that the total number of bacteria on the inside surface of the mask were higher than the outside. The total number of bacteria on the inner surface of masks worn for 0.5 h, 1 h 2 h, 4 h and 5 h was 69 CFU/m2,91.3 CFU/m2, 159.6 CFU/m2, 219 CFU/m2, and 879 CFU/m2, respectively. The total number of bacteria on the outside surface of masks worn for 0.5 h, 1 h 2 h, 4 h and 5 h was 60 CFU/m2, 82.7 CFU/m2, 119.8 CFU/m2, 200 CFU/m2, and 498 CFU/m2, respectively. The bacterial abundance obtained from bio-Mass spectrometry were consistent with the results of 16SrRNA sequencing. Both the methods discovered the maximum number of Neisseria followed by Corynebacterium species in mask worn 5 hours. The top 100 bacteria isolated from inside and outside surface of mask belong to 11 phyla.ConclusionsWe analyzed bacterial penetration efficiency of the bacteria that were detected both on the inside and outside surface of the masks. In the top 10 bacteria, no bacteria were detected both inside and outside the mask worn for four hours, while 6 bacteria species were detected on the inside and outside of the mask after wearing for five hours. Bacterial penetration rates ranged from 0.74% to 99.66% for masks worn continuously for five hours, and the penetration rate of four strains exceeded 10% in the top 10 colonies. We recommend timely replacement of masks worn for more than four hours.
Proteomic changes to immune and inflammatory processes underlie lung preservation using ex vivo cytokine adsorption
Authors: Niroomand Anna , Hirdman Gabriel , Pierre Leif , Ghaidan Haider , Kjellström Sven , Stenlo Martin , Hyllén Snejana , Olm Franziska , Lindstedt Sandra 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionIn recent years, the field of graft preservation has made considerable strides in improving outcomes related to solid organ restoration and regeneration. Ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) in line with the related devices and treatments has yielded promising results within preclinical and clinical studies, with the potential to improve graft quality. Its main benefit is to render marginal and declined donor lungs suitable for transplantation, ultimately increasing the donor pool available for transplantation. In addition, using such therapies in machine perfusion could also increase preservation time, facilitating logistical planning. Cytokine adsorption has been demonstrated as a potentially safe and effective therapy when applied to the EVLP circuit and post-transplantation. However, the mechanism by which this therapy improves the donor lung on a molecular basis is not yet fully understood.MethodsWe hypothesized that there were characteristic inflammatory and immunomodulatory differences between the lungs treated with and without cytokine adsorption, reflecting proteomic changes in the gene ontology pathways and across inflammation-related proteins. In this study, we investigate the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways of how cytokine adsorption impacts lung function when used during EVLP and post-transplantation as hemoperfusion in a porcine model. Lung tissues during EVLP and post-lung transplantation were analyzed for their proteomic profiles using mass spectrometry.ResultsWe found through gene set enrichment analysis that the inflammatory and immune processes and coagulation pathways were significantly affected by the cytokine treatment after EVLP and transplantation.ConclusionIn conclusion, we showed that the molecular mechanisms are using a proteomic approach behind the previously reported effects of cytokine adsorption when compared to the non-treated transplant recipients undergoing EVLP.
Paths 2 play: teacher’s play facilitation in Colombia
Authors: Nores Milagros , Maldonado-Carreño Carolina , Sánchez M. Juliana , Escallón Eduardo , Frede Ellen 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionThe quality of early childhood programs is essential for improving outcomes for children, and play-based practices are a vital component. However, the field is still trying to understand the role of teachers in facilitating play and their beliefs and practices related to play, as well as how to best support these practices.MethodsData was collected remotely between June and December 2021 using surveys from 55 teachers and video observations and interviews with directors, teachers, and parents at two aeioTU centers in Cartagena, Colombia. The study aimed to comprehend teachers’ understanding and practices of learning through play within a Reggio Emilia inspired program and its professional development supports.ResultsThe study found that trainers, teachers, and parents generally viewed learning through play as a joyful, engaging, and socially interactive activity with a natural component. However, the study identified a misalignment between the sophisticated language on play used by trainers and teachers and the examples they provided for learning through play. Additionally, the study revealed a gap between the aeioTU curriculum’s comprehensive conceptualization of play and how teachers practice and self-report learning through play in their classrooms. The COVID-19 pandemic and limited policy definitions of play may have contributed to these findings.DiscussionThe study recommends that professional development programs focus on building teachers’ knowledge of play facilitation, helping them develop a nuanced understanding of play and its full spectrum and how it maps to their role in classrooms, and tracking the connection between playful experiences and children’s learning.
Plasma IGFBP-2 levels reveal heterogeneity in hepatic fat content in adults with excess visceral adiposity
Authors: Rauzier Chloé , Chartrand Dominic J. , Alméras Natalie , Lemieux Isabelle , Larose Eric , Mathieu Patrick , Pibarot Philippe , Lamarche Benoît , Rhéaume Caroline , Poirier Paul , Després Jean-Pierre , Picard Frédéric 
Published: October 2023

Lay summaryObesity is frequently accompanied by a fatty liver. However, some individuals with high abdominal fat levels nevertheless have low levels of liver fat. Reasons for such discordant phenotypes are unclear. In this paper, we report that among asymptomatic individuals with high levels of visceral fat, low concentrations of IGFBP-2 in the circulation were associated with significantly higher hepatic fat content compared to those with high IGFBP-2 levels. We conclude that quantification of plasma IGFBP-2 concentrations may be useful to identify the early risk for liver fat accumulation in apparently healthy individuals without cardiovascular symptoms.Aim/hypothesisAlthough excess visceral adiposity (VAT) is generally associated with increased liver fat (LF), recent evidence has revealed heterogeneity in LF content among adults with visceral obesity, potentially contributing to specific differences in cardiometabolic outcomes. Reasons for such discordant VAT-LF phenotypes are largely unknown. The present study aimed at assessing whether circulating levels of insulin growth-factor binding protein-2 (IGFBP-2) could be a useful biomarker in the identification of heterogenous and discordant VAT-LF phenotypes.MethodsA sample of 308 middle-aged Caucasian apparently healthy men and women without cardiovascular symptoms were studied for the present cross-sectional analyses. Fasting plasma glucose and lipid levels were assessed and an oral glucose tolerance test was performed. Hepatic fat fraction (HFF) was measured using magnetic resonance spectroscopy whereas VAT was assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. Plasma IGFBP-2 levels were quantified by ELISA. Participants were then classified on the basis of median VAT (81 mL) and IGFBP-2 levels (233 ng/mL).ResultsIndividuals with high levels of VAT were characterized by higher waist circumference, lower insulin sensitivity, as well as by higher plasma triglyceride and lower HDL-cholesterol levels. Plasma IGFBP-2 levels were inversely correlated with HFF (r = -0.39, p &lt; 0.0001). Among men and women with high levels of VAT, those with low levels of IGFBP-2 had significantly higher HFF (7.5 ± 0.7%), compared to participants with high IGFBP-2 concentrations (3.2 ± 0.5%, p &lt; 0.0001).ConclusionIn the presence of excess VAT, high IGFBP-2 concentrations are associated with low levels of LF. Although additional studies will be necessary to establish causality and further clarify the clinical implications of these observations, these findings are concordant with a novel function of IGFBP-2 in modulating susceptibility to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in the presence of visceral obesity.
Coastal vegetation responses to large dam removal on the Elwha River
Authors: Perry Laura G. , Shafroth Patrick B. , Alfieri Samuel J. , Miller Ian M. 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionLarge dam removals provide a restoration opportunity for shrinking coastal wetland habitats. Dam removal can increase sediment delivery to sediment-starved river deltas and estuaries by restoring natural sediment transport and mobilizing reservoir-impounded sediment. However, rapid mobilization of massive quantities of sediment stored behind large dams also constitutes a major ecological perturbation. Information is lacking on coastal habitat responses to sediment pulses of this magnitude.MethodsRemoval of two large dams along the Elwha River (Washington, USA) in 2011–2014 released ~20.5 Mt of impounded sediment, ~5.4 Mt of which were deposited in the delta and estuary (hereafter, delta). We used time series of aerial imagery, digital elevation models, and vegetation field sampling to examine plant community responses to this sediment pulse across seven years during and after dam removal.ResultsBetween 2011 and 2018, the Elwha River delta increased by ~26.8 ha. Vegetation colonized ~16.4 ha of new surfaces, with mixed pioneer vegetation on supratidal beach, river bars, and river mouth bars and emergent marsh vegetation in intertidal aquatic habitats. Colonization occurred on surfaces that were higher and more stable in elevation and farther from the shoreline. Compared to established delta plant communities, vegetation on new surfaces had lower cover of dominant species and functional groups, with very low woody cover, and lower graminoid cover than dunegrass and emergent marsh communities. Over time following surface stabilization, however, vegetation on new surfaces increased in species richness, cover, and similarity to established communities. By 2018, ~1.0 ha of vegetation on new surfaces had developed into dunegrass or willow–alder communities and ~5.9 ha had developed into emergent marsh. At the same time, dam removal had few discernible effects on established delta plant communities.DiscussionTogether, these results suggest that rapid sediment mobilization during large dam removal has potential to expand coastal wetland habitat without negatively affecting established plant communities. However, as sediment loads declined in 2016–2018, new delta surfaces decreased by ~4.5 ha, and ~1.6 ha of new vegetation reverted to no vegetation. Long-term persistence of the expanded coastal habitat will depend on ongoing erosional and depositional processes under the restored natural sediment regime.
Successful surgical closure and continence rate of obstetric fistula in Africa: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kumsa Henok , Mislu Esuyawkal , Arage Mulugeta Wedaje , Abera Atitegeb , Hailu Tilahun , Tenaw Lebeza Alemu 
Published: October 2023

BackgroundA female genital fistula is an abnormal connection between a woman's reproductive tract and her urinary tract or rectum. While numerous studies have aimed to determine the success rate of obstetric fistula closure in different health settings, there remains a significant scarcity of data on closure success rates and incontinence rates for various types of fistulas at the regional and sub-regional levels. The success rate reflects the continent's healthcare setup in regard to the World Health Organization standards. Thus, this study aims to determine the success of surgical closure and the continence rate of obstetric fistula in Africa.MethodsThis systematic review and meta-analysis review includes studies conducted up to February 2023. Search engines like EMBBASE, Medline, Google, PubMed, Google Scholar, African Journals Online, and ScienceDirect databases were utilized to find articles. The Joanna Briggs Institute critical evaluation checklist was used to evaluate the quality of our review, which was conducted in accordance with PRISMA criteria. Heterogeneity was indicated by a p-value for I2 statistics of less than 0.05. Publication bias was assessed using the Egger regression asymmetry test. Data were entered into Microsoft Excel and analyzed using STATA 16.ResultThis review includes 85 studies. A total of 24 countries from East, West, Central, North, and Southern African sub-regions were included. The overall pooled estimated rate of successful obstetric fistula closure is 86.15 (95% CI: 83.88–88.42). Moreover, the pooled estimated rate of successfully closed vesico-vaginal fistulas but with ongoing or residual incontinence (wet) was revealed as 13.41% (95% CI: 11.15–15.68). The pooled estimated rate of successfully closed rectovaginal fistulas and combined VVF and RVF are 91.06% (95% CI: 86.08–96.03) and 62.21% (95% CI: 48.94–75.49), respectively.ConclusionsThe rate of successful obstetric fistula closure in Africa is 86.15, which is higher than the WHO target. However, the surgical closure rate of a combined VVF and RVF is 62.2%, which is significantly lower than the WHO target.
Screening tumor stage-specific candidate neoantigens in thyroid adenocarcinoma using integrated exome and transcriptome sequencing
Authors: Jia Meng , Liang Jiawen , Li Zhuyao , Qin Ye , Li Qianqian , Wang Jianwei , Lu Xiubo 
Published: October 2023

BackgroundThe incidence of thyroid carcinoma (THCA), the most common endocrine tumor, is continuously increasing worldwide. Although the overall prognosis of THCA is good, patients with distant metastases exhibit a mortality rate of 5-20%.MethodsTo improve the diagnosis and overall prognosis of patients with thyroid cancer, we screened specific candidate neoantigen genes in early- and late-stage THCA by analyzing the transcriptome and somatic cell mutations in this study.ResultsThe top five early-stage neoantigen-related genes (NRGs) were G protein-coupled receptor 4 [GPR4], chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4 [CSPG4], teneurin transmembrane protein 1 [TENM1], protein S 1 [PROS1], and thymidine kinase 1 [TK1], whereas the top five late-stage NRGs were cadherin 6 [CDH6], semaphorin 6B [SEMA6B], dysferlin [DYSF], xenotropic and polytropic retrovirus receptor 1 [XPR1], and ABR activator of RhoGEF and GTPase [ABR]. Subsequently, we used machine learning models to verify their ability to screen NRGs and analyze the correlations among NRGs, immune cell types, and immune checkpoint regulators. The use of candidate antigen genes resulted in a better diagnostic model (the area under the curve [AUC] value of the early-stage group [0.979] was higher than that of the late-stage group [0.959]). Then, a prognostic model was constructed to predict NRG survival, and the 1-, 3- and 5-year AUC values were 0.83, 0.87, and 0.86, respectively, which were closely related to different immune cell types. Comparison of the expression trends and mutation frequencies of NRGs in multiple tumors revealed their potential for the development of broad spectrum therapeutic drugs.ConclusionIn conclusion, the candidate NRGs identified in this study could potentially be used as therapeutic targets and diagnostic biomarkers for the development of novel broad spectrum therapeutic agents.
Prediction of severe CRS and determination of biomarkers in B cell-acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated with CAR-T cells
Authors: Wei Zhenyu , Xu Jiayu , Zhao Chengkui , Zhang Min , Xu Nan , Kang Liqing , Lou Xiaoyan , Yu Lei , Feng Weixing 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionCAR-T cell therapy is a novel approach in the treatment of hematological tumors. However, it is associated with life-threatening side effects, such as the severe cytokine release syndrome (sCRS). Therefore, predicting the occurrence and development of sCRS is of great significance for clinical CAR-T therapy. The study of existing clinical data by artificial intelligence may bring useful information.MethodsBy analyzing the heat map of clinical factors and comparing them between severe and non-severe CRS, we can identify significant differences among these factors and understand their interrelationships. Ultimately, a decision tree approach was employed to predict the timing of severe CRS in both children and adults, considering variables such as the same day, the day before, and initial values.ResultsWe measured cytokines and clinical biomarkers in 202 patients who received CAR-T therapy. Peak levels of 25 clinical factors, including IFN-γ, IL6, IL10, ferritin, and D-dimer, were highly associated with severe CRS after CAR T cell infusion. Using the decision tree model, we were able to accurately predict which patients would develop severe CRS consisting of three clinical factors, classified as same-day, day-ahead, and initial value prediction. Changes in serum biomarkers, including C-reactive protein and ferritin, were associated with CRS, but did not alone predict the development of severe CRS.ConclusionOur research will provide significant information for the timely prevention and treatment of sCRS, during CAR-T immunotherapy for tumors, which is essential to reduce the mortality rate of patients.
Effect of spent waterglass foundry sand on the performance of MgO-activated slag materials
Authors: Hu Shuimu , Zhang Wenmin 
Published: October 2023

Spent waterglass foundry sand (SwFS) is a bulk waste of the metallurgical industry containing at least 2–5 wt% of the waterglass layer without effective utilization. To this end, this paper proposes the disposal of SwFS as fine aggregates for MgO-activated slag materials (MASMs). Two types of SwFS subjected to different treating temperatures (100°C and 800°C) were prepared to investigate their effects on fluidity, compressive strength, pore structure, and micromechanical properties of MASM. The experimental results showed that the coated waterglass of SwFS played an important role in affecting the performance of MASM mortars. For SwFS subjected to 100°C, the coated waterglass could be partially dissolved and released into the surrounding paste to activate slag along with MgO. Compared with the group without SwFS, the resulting compressive strength (MPa) of mortars with SwFS was increased by 33.6–74.1% at all ages, and the average elastic moduli (GPa) of C-A-S-H were increased by 19.6%. In contrast, for SwFS subjected to 800°C, the coated waterglass can hardly be dissolved, which induced a complex interface in the microstructure of mortars, leading to the reduced compressive strength of mortars.
Isolation of anticancer bioactive secondary metabolites from the sponge-derived endophytic fungi Penicillium sp. and in-silico computational docking approach
Authors: Kaliaperumal Kumaravel , Salendra Limbadri , Liu Yonghong , Ju Zhiran , Sahu Sunil Kumar , Elumalai Sanniyasi , Subramanian Kumaran , M. Alotaibi Nahaa , Alshammari Nawaf , Saeed Mohd , Karunakaran Rohini 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionFungus-derived secondary metabolites are fascinating with biomedical potential and chemical diversity. Mining endophytic fungi for drug candidates is an ongoing process in the field of drug discovery and medicinal chemistry. Endophytic fungal symbionts from terrestrial plants, marine flora, and fauna tend to produce interesting types of secondary metabolites with biomedical importance of anticancer, antiviral, and anti-tuberculosis properties.MethodsAn organic ethyl acetate extract of Penicillium verruculosum sponge-derived endophytic fungi from Spongia officinalis yielded seven different secondary metabolites which are purified through HPLC. The isolated compounds are of averufin (1), aspergilol-A (2), sulochrin (3), monomethyl sulochrin (4), methyl emodin (5), citreorosein (6), and diorcinol (7). All the seven isolated compounds were characterized by high-resolution NMR spectral studies. All isolated compounds', such as anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-tuberculosis, and antiviral, were subjected to bioactivity screening.ResultsOut of seven tested compounds, compound (1) exhibits strong anticancer activity toward myeloid leukemia. HL60 cell lines have an IC50 concentration of 1.00μm, which is nearly significant to that of the standard anticancer drug taxol. A virtual computational molecular docking approach of averufin with HL60 antigens revealed that averufin binds strongly with the protein target alpha, beta-tubulin (1JFF), with a −10.98 binding score. Consecutive OSIRIS and Lipinski ADME pharmacokinetic validation of averufin with HL60 antigens revealed that averufin has good pharmacokinetic properties such as drug score, solubility, and mutagenic nature. Furthermore, aspergilol-A (2) is the first report on the Penicillium verruculosum fungal strain.DiscussionWe concluded that averufin (1) isolated from Penicillium verruculosum can be taken for further preliminary clinical trials like animal model in-vivo studies and pharmacodynamic studies. A future prospect of in-vivo anticancer screening of averufin can be validated through the present experimental findings.
Electrically evoked compound action potentials in cochlear implant users with preoperative residual hearing
Authors: Liebscher Tim , Hornung Joachim , Hoppe Ulrich 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionResidual hearing in cochlear implant (CI) candidates requires the functional integrity of the nerve in particular regions of the cochlea. Nerve activity can be elicited as electrically evoked compound action potentials (ECAP) after cochlear implantation. We hypothesize that ECAP thresholds depend on preoperative residual hearing ability.Materials and methodsIn a retrospective study, we analyzed 84 adult cochlear implant users who had received a Nucleus® CI632 Slim Modiolar Electrode and who preoperatively had had residual hearing. Inclusion criteria were severe to profound hearing loss with preoperative measurable hearing in the ear to receive the implant, postlingual hearing loss, German as native language and correct placement of the electrode, inserted completely into the scala tympani. Electrically evoked compound action potential (ECAP) was recorded intraoperatively. The angular insertion was measured for each electrode contact from postoperative computed tomography to estimate the corresponding spiral ganglion frequency. Pure-tone audiometry and allocated ECAP thresholds were tested to investigate possible correlation.ResultsThe average of hearing thresholds, tested at 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz (4FPTA) was 82 ± 18 (range 47–129) dB HL. The success rate for recording ECAP thresholds was 96.9%. For all comparable pure-tone frequencies (1, 2, 4, and 8 kHz), there was significant correlation between preoperative hearing levels and intraoperative ECAP thresholds (p &lt; 0.001). Higher hearing thresholds are associated with increased ECAP thresholds.ConclusionIn CI candidates with adequate residual hearing, intraoperative electrophysiological measurement records lower thresholds. This outcome may be explained by the neural survival density of the peripheral system, with less neural degeneration.