bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis‐aware defeaturing of complex geometries with Neumann features
Authors: Antolín Pablo , Chanon Ondine 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLocal modifications of a computational domain are often performed in order to simplify the meshing process and to reduce computational costs and memory requirements. However, removing geometrical features of a domain often introduces a non‐negligible error in the solution of a differential problem in which it is defined. In this work, we extend the results from Buffa et al. (Math Models Methods Appl Sci. 2022; 32(02):359–402.) by studying the case of domains containing an arbitrary number of distinct Neumann features, and by performing an analysis on Poisson's, linear elasticity, and Stokes' equations. We introduce a simple, computationally cheap, reliable, and efficient a posteriori estimator of the geometrical defeaturing error. Moreover, we also introduce a geometric refinement strategy that accounts for the defeaturing error: starting from a fully defeatured geometry, the algorithm determines at each iteration step which features need to be added to the geometrical model to reduce the defeaturing error. These important features are then added to the (partially) defeatured geometrical model at the next iteration, until the solution attains a prescribed accuracy. A wide range of two‐ and three‐dimensional numerical experiments are finally reported to illustrate this work.
A framework for GPR‐based water leakage detection by integrating hydromechanical modelling into electromagnetic modelling
Authors: Zhu Huamei , Xiao Feng , Zhou Yimin , Lai Wallace Wai Lok , Zhang Qianbing 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTimely and accurate detection of water pipe leakage is critical to preventing the loss of freshwater and predicting potential hazards induced by the change in underground water conditions, thereby developing mitigation strategies to improve the resilience of pipeline infrastructure. Ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) has been widely applied to investigating ground conditions and detecting pipe leakage. However, due to uncertainties of complex underground environments and time‐lapse change, a proper interpretation of GPR data has been a challenging task. This paper aims to leverage hydromechanical (HM) modelling to predict electromagnetic (EM) responses of water leakage detection in diverse leakage cases. A high‐fidelity 3D digital model of an actual pipeline network, hosting pipes with various sizes and materials, was reconstructed to represent the complex geometry and various mediums. The interoperability between the digital model and the numerical models utilized in HM and EM simulations was improved to better capture the irregular pipelines. Based on Kriging interpolation and the volumetric complex refractive index model, a linking technique was employed to replicate material heterogeneity caused by water intrusion. Thus, a framework was developed to accommodate the interoperability among digital modelling, HM modelling and finite‐difference time‐domain forward modelling. Moreover, sensitivity studies were conducted to evaluate the influences of different time stages, leak positions and pipe types on GPR responses. In GPR B‐scans, the presence of hyperbolic motion and horizontal reflections serve as indicators to estimate the location and scale of water leakage. Specifically, a downward‐shifting hyperbola indicates that the pipeline is submerged by leaked water, whereas the emergence of horizontal reflection is linked to the wetting front of saturated areas. The developed framework can be expanded for complicated applications, such as unknown locations and unforeseen failure modes of pipelines. It will increase the efficiency and accuracy of traditional interpretations of GPR‐based water leakage detection and thus enable automated interpretations by data‐driven methods.
Study on the heating mechanism and macro/micro properties of composite materials under microwave curing
Authors: Guan Chenglong , Zhan Lihua , Sun Fuwei , Yao Shunming , Zhong Shuncong , Wang Bing 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCompared to composite components prepared by traditional thermal process, microwave‐cured laminates exhibit superior mechanical properties under the same heating cycle, indicating a unique heating mode that differs from air circulation. To progressively replace the thermal curing process with microwave technology in the aerospace composites manufacturing field, it is crucial to elucidate the heating mechanism of microwave‐cured composite materials. In this study, the microwave absorbing performance of both carbon fibers and epoxy resins was systematically compared and revealed. Drawing upon principles of organic chemical reaction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, the results demonstrated the swift response of carbon fibers to microwaves, which facilitated heightened functional group transformation and more complete curing reactions at the fiber‐matrix interface. Notably, as indicated by the results of the three‐point bending tests and fiber push‐in tests, microwave‐cured laminates displayed enhanced interlaminar and interfacial bonding properties in comparison to thermally cured counterparts, resulting in a 10.74% increase in interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) and a 20.23% rise in interfacial shear strength (IFSS).Highlights
Carbon fibers exhibits a more pronounced ability to absorb microwaves than resins.
Microwave‐cured laminate achieves a higher degree of curing reaction.
Microwave curing enhances the ILSS and IFSS of composite materials.
A new method for studying the wear properties of novel wear‐resistant ethylene propylene diene monomers/polyamide elastomer material from the perspective of cross‐linked network structure
Authors: Hao Yupeng , Kadlcak Jakub , Yanesnunez Eduardo , Xu Jiayong , Liu Guangyong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe cross‐linked network and dynamic viscoelastic properties of ethylene propylene diene monomers (EPDMs)/polyamide elastomer (PAE) were systematically investigated by using equilibrium swelling test and rheological experiment. The filler network formed by single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) in the matrix of EPDM/PAE was studied and discussed in detail by virtue of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The DIN abrasion test was conducted to derive the cross‐linked network dependence of the frictional wear performance of EPDM. The results indicated that the chemical cross‐linked network was contributed by EPDM and EPDM‐PAE macromolecular chains. In addition, the physical cross‐linked network consisted of the macromolecular entanglement of EPDM‐PAE and the interactions between EPDM/PAE and SWCNTs. Introducing PAE into EPDM matrix resulted in the change of the cross‐linked network, which was considered as the key factor to improve the abrasion resistance of EPDM. Furthermore, the physical cross‐linked network generated by PAE improved the strength of the EPDM matrix prominently. It is an innovative work in exploring the effect of microscopic structure on the macroscopic wear performance of EPDM vulcanizates.Highlights
Preparation of EPDM/PAE elastomer using new wear‐resistant material.
Analysis on the effect of solubility parameters using Hansen solubility parameter (HSP).
Flory–Huggins interaction parameter on three‐dimensional crosslink networks.
Microscopic discussion on crosslink‐filling network structure.
A new perspective on the discussion of wear resistance mechanism.
Oral phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors and priapism: A VigiBase analysis
Authors: Abbasi Behzad , Shaw Nathan M. , Lui Jason L. , Hakam Nizar , Nabavizadeh Behnam , Breyer Benjamin N. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPurposeTo explore the differences of priapism events among a diverse cohort taking erectogenic medicines (i.e., phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors [PDE5i] and intracavernousal drugs).MethodsWe queried the World Health Organization global database of individual case safety reports (VigiBase) for records of the adverse drug reactions (ADR) with sildenafil, tadalafil, avanafil, vardenafil, papaverine, and alprostadil. Disproportionality analyses (case/non‐case approach) were performed to assess the reporting odds ratio (ROR) of priapism reporting in PDE5i consumers compared to intracavernousal drug recipients.ResultsFrom a total of 133 819 ADR events for erectogenic medications, 632 were priapism (PDE5is: n = 550, 0.41%; intracavernousal drugs: n = 82, 9.92%). Priapism disproportionality signals from intracavernousal drugs were 25 times stronger than PDE5is (ROR = 34.7; confidence interval [CI] 95%: 27.12–43.94 vs. ROR = 1.38; 95% CI: 1.24–1.54). For all PDE5i agents, the 12–17 years age group had the highest ROR (9.49, 95% CI: 3.76–19.93) followed by 2–11 years (4.31, 95% CI: 1.57–9.4). Disproportionality signals for consumers under 18 for both all PDE5is as a whole (ROR = 4.57, 95% CI: 2.48–7.73) and sildenafil (ROR = 4.89, 95% CI: 2.51–8.62) were stronger than individuals 18 or older (ROR = 1.06, 95% CI: 0.93–1.21 and ROR = 1.08, 95% CI: 0.91–1.26, respectively).ConclusionsPDE5i use shows disproportionate priapism signals which are higher in young patients.
Tailoring Fano Lineshape in Photonic Local Density of States by Losses Engineering
Authors: Granchi Nicoletta , Gurioli Massimo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractNon‐Hermitian theory in photonics revolutionized the understanding of optical resonators, thanks to the concept of quasi‐normal modes (QNM) and to a deep revision of the Purcell factor expression. Counterintuitive effects followed, such as complex modal volumes and non‐Lorentzian local density of states (LDOS) of QNMs. One of the fascinating aspects of non‐Hermitian theory is the analogy with quantum mechanics for autoionizing electronic levels where the absorption cross'section is characterized by Fano lineshapes, caused by interference between the probability of absorption in the continuum and in the bound states. In photonics Fano lineshapes can arise from QNM normalization through the complex modal volume. The link between Fano lineshapes in photonic LDOS of QNMs and in the case of autoionizing states needs to be clarified. Here, by developing an analytical model based on the role of losses in the QNM normalization, they clarify the meaning of the phase of QNM normalized fields (qFano parameter),linking QNMs normalization to the concept of interference among the resonant and the leaky modes. This inspired the design of photonic crystal (PhC) cavity that exhibits LDOS with Fano character inside the itself, providing a proof of principle on how to mold the radiative lifetime by Purcell effect.
Group consensus of multi‐agent systems with reference states via pinning control
Authors: Wu Xiaoshuai , Sun Fenglan , Han Yunpeng , Tang Kui , Zhu Wei , Kurths Jürgen 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis article investigates the group consensus via pinning control for continuous‐time first‐order and second‐order multi‐agent systems (MASs) with reference states. For the group consensus of first‐order MASs, the dependence between the agent's state and the control input is considered. For second‐order MASs, group consensus control without the velocity information of agents is considered. Instead, the virtual velocity estimation controller is designed. Meanwhile, for the designed control protocols, not only under fixed topology, but also under switching topology are considered. It is demonstrated that group consensus could be obtained under the proposed control protocols by using graph theory and stability theory. Finally, a series of numerical examples are provided to verify the control performance of the propounded control protocols.
Primordial gravitational waves in the nano-Hertz regime and PTA data — towards solving the GW inverse problem
Authors: Madge Eric , Morgante Enrico , Puchades-Ibáñez Cristina , Ramberg Nicklas , Ratzinger Wolfram , Schenk Sebastian , Schwaller Pedro 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn recent years, several pulsar timing array collaborations have reported first hints for a stochastic gravitational wave background at nano-Hertz frequencies. Here we elaborate on the possibility that this signal comes from new physics that leads to the generation of a primordial stochastic gravitational wave background. We propose a set of simple but concrete models that can serve as benchmarks for gravitational waves sourced by cosmological phase transitions, domain wall networks, cosmic strings, axion dynamics, or large scalar fluctuations. These models are then confronted with pulsar timing data and with cosmological constraints. With only a limited number of free parameters per model, we are able to identify viable regions of parameter space and also make predictions for future astrophysical and laboratory tests that can help with model identification and discrimination.
Linear and quasilinear evolution equations in the context of weighted $$L_p$$-spaces
Authors: Wilke Mathias 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn 2004, the article Maximal regularity for evolution equations in weighted$$L_p$$

L
p

-spaces by Prüss and Simonett (Arch Math 82:415–431, 2004) has been published in Archiv der Mathematik. We provide a survey of the main results of that article and outline some applications to semilinear and quasilinear parabolic evolution equations which illustrate their power.
Fibroblast growth factor-21 alleviates proteasome injury via activation of autophagy flux in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Shen Yufei , Zhu Zhuoying , Wang Yanping , Qian Shuxia , Xu Congying , Zhang Baorong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractParkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most common and complex Neurodegeneration, with an inherited metabolic disorder. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), an endocrine hormone that belongs to the fibroblast growth factor superfamily, plays an extensive role in metabolic regulation. However, our understandings of the specific function and mechanisms of FGF21 on PD are still quite limited. Here, we aimed to elucidate the actions and the underlying mechanisms of FGF21 on dopaminergic neurodegeneration using cellular models of parkinsonism. To investigate the effects of FGF21 on dopaminergic neurodegeneration in vitro, proteasome impairment models of PD were utilized. Human dopaminergic neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells were treated with the proteasome inhibitor lactacystin (5 μmol/L) for 12 h, then with 50 ng/ml FGF-21 with or without 5 mmol/L of 3-methyladenine.The cells were dissected to assess alterations in autophagy using immunofluorescence, immunoblotting and electron microscopy assays. Our data indicate that FGF21 prevents dopaminergic neuron loss and shows beneficial effects against proteasome impairment induced PD syndrome, indicating it might be a potent candidate for developing novel drugs to deal with PD.
The interaction of diet, alcohol, genetic predisposition, and the risk of breast cancer: a cohort study from the UK Biobank
Authors: Zhu Pingxiu , Zhang Yanyu , Chen Qianni , Qiu Wenji , Chen Minhui , Xue Lihua , Lin Moufeng , Yang Haomin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Dietary factors have consistently been associated with breast cancer risk. However, there is limited evidence regarding their associations in women with different genetic susceptibility to breast cancer, and their interaction with alcohol consumption is also not well understood.

Methods
We analyzed data from 261,853 female participants in the UK Biobank. Multivariable adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for associations between dietary factors and breast cancer risk. Additionally, we assessed the interaction of dietary factors with alcohol consumption and polygenic risk score (PRS) for breast cancer.

Results
A moderately higher risk of breast cancer was associated with the consumption of processed meat (HR = 1.10, 95% CI 1.03, 1.18, p-trend = 0.016). Higher intake of raw vegetables and fresh fruits, and adherence to a healthy dietary pattern were inversely associated with breast cancer risk [HR (95% CI):0.93 (0.88–0.99), 0.87 (0.81, 0.93) and 0.93 (0.86–1.00), p for trend: 0.025, < 0.001, and 0.041, respectively]. Furthermore, a borderline significant interaction was found between alcohol consumption and the intake of processed meat with regard to breast cancer risk (P for interaction = 0.065). No multiplicative interaction was observed between dietary factors and PRS.

Conclusion
Processed meat was positively associated with breast cancer risk, and vegetables, fruits, and healthy dietary patterns were negatively associated with breast cancer risk. We found no strong interaction of dietary factors with alcohol consumption and genetic predisposition for risk of breast cancer.
Yield of non-invasive imaging in MRI-negative focal epilepsy
Authors: Czarnetzki Christian , Spinelli Laurent , Huppertz Hans-Jürgen , Schaller Karl , Momjian Shahan , Lobrinus Johannes , Vargas Maria-Isabel , Garibotto Valentina , Vulliemoz Serge , Seeck Margitta 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Objective
The absence of MRI-lesion reduces considerably the probability of having an excellent outcome (International League Against Epilepsies [ILAE] class I–II) after epilepsy surgery. Surgical success in magnetic-resonance imaging (MRI)-negative cases relies therefore mainly on non-invasive techniques such as positron-emission tomography (PET), subtraction ictal/inter-ictal single-photon-emission-computed-tomography co-registered to MRI (SISCOM), electric source imaging (ESI) and morphometric MRI analysis (MAP). We were interested in identifying the optimal imaging technique or combination to achieve post-operative class I-II in patients with MRI-negative focal epilepsy.

Methods
We identified 168 epileptic patients without MRI lesion. Thirty-three (19.6%) were diagnosed with unifocal epilepsy, underwent surgical resection and follow-up ⩾ 2 years. Sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and diagnostic odds ratio (OR) were calculated for each technique individually and in combination (after co-registration).

Results
23/33 (70%) were free of disabling seizures (75.0% with temporal and 61.5% extratemporal lobe epilepsy). None of the individual modalities presented an OR > 1.5, except ESI if only patients with interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) were considered (OR 3.2). On a dual combination, SISCOM with ESI presented the highest outcome (OR = 6). MAP contributed to detecting indistinguishable focal cortical dysplasia in particular in extratemporal epilepsies with a sensitivity of 75%. Concordance of PET, ESI on interictal epileptic discharges, and SISCOM was associated with the highest chance for post-operative seizure control (OR = 11).

Conclusion
If MRI is negative, the chances to benefit from epilepsy surgery are almost as high as in lesional epilepsy, provided that multiple established non-invasive imaging tools are rigorously applied and co-registered together.
Stochastic Default Risk Estimation Evidence from the South African Financial Market
Authors: Alfeus Mesias , Fitzhenry Kirsty , Lederer Alessia 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis paper provides empirical studies of the estimation of defaultable bonds in the South African financial markets. The key objective is to estimate the unobservable factors affecting bond yields for South African major banks. The maximum likelihood approach is adopted for the estimation methodology. Multi-dimensional Cox–Ingersoll–Ross (CIR)-type factor models are considered and compared. Extended Kalman filtering techniques are employed in order to tackle the situation that the factors cannot be observed directly. We find empirical evidence that default risk varies with the business cycle, increased sharply in the South African financial market during COVID-19 and the $$\alpha$$
α
-CIR model performs better than the classical CIR model.
The perceptions of lecturers about blended learning at a particular higher institution in South Africa
Authors: Sanders Debbie A , Mukhari Shirley S 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this research is to analyse the support that lecturers need to be able to implement a blended learning approach successfully. Blended learning is now seen as an approach that can create engaging learning environments, to enhance students’ self-directed learning and improve the whole learning experience. The study investigated the perceptions of thirteen lecturers, at a particular higher education institution, regarding the advantages and challenges of blended learning in South Africa. A qualitative research design was chosen for this study because it enabled the authors to explore the theme in detail. Semi-structured open-ended interviews were conducted to collect the necessary data from the lecturers, who were chosen through the use of homogenous purposeful sampling. The data collected were coded, using the induction method. This helped to reveal relevant codes, which were categorised. A literature review was conducted, in which recent research on this topic was analysed and used to correlate the findings of the field research of this study. This study reports on the actual views and experiences of the participants. The research findings and relevance for teaching in higher education institutions are discussed. The conclusion is that, for such an approach to be successful, lecturers would require support from management, more training, improved professional development, as well as reliable technology and internet connections. In addition, lecturers would require additional time to implement such an approach.
The efficacy of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) tests for detecting microbial contamination in rooftop-harvested rainwater
Authors: Moses Arthur , Ramírez-Andreotta Mónica D. , McLain Jean E.T. , Obergh Victoria , Rutin Emma , Sandhaus Shana , Kilungo Aminata P. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAs climate change strains the world’s freshwater resources, access to safe and clean water becomes limited. The use of alternative water sources, such as rooftop-harvested rainwater, has become one mechanism to address freshwater scarcity in the American Southwest, particularly when it comes to home gardening. The University of Arizona’s Project Harvest, in partnership with the Sonora Environmental Research Institute, Inc., is a multi-year, co-created citizen science project aimed at increasing current understanding of harvested rainwater quality. Citizens in four Arizona, USA, communities (Hayden/Winkelman, Globe/Miami, Dewey-Humboldt, and Tucson) submitted harvested rainwater samples over 3 years. The harvested rainwater samples were then analyzed using IDEXX Colilert® for total coliforms and E. coli and using Hach PathoScreen™ test for sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). This study design allows for the validation of a low-cost, at-home alternative methodology for testing rainwater for bacteria that may indicate fecal contamination. In total, 226 samples were tested using both methodologies, revealing a positive correlation (r=0.245; p<0.002) between total coliform MPN and SRB MPN, but no discernable correlation between E. coli MPN and SRB MPN. This work indicates a potential value of SRB testing for harvested rainwater if cost, laboratory access, and fecal contamination are of concern.