bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genome‐wide characterization of trihelix genes reveals Cqtrihelix23 enhances the salt tolerance in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa)
Authors: Sun Wenjun , Chen Ying , Yao Min , Zhan Junyi , Chen Hui , Zhao Gang , Zou Liang , Xiang Dabing , Wu Xiaoyong , Wan Yan , Liu Changying , Wu Qi , Ye Xueling , Fan Yu 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSoil salinity poses an escalating threat to global environmental sustainability, agricultural productivity, and food safety. Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa), recognized as a halophyte, has emerged as a promising crop due to its high nutritional value and stress resistance. Nevertheless, the current understanding of salt tolerance genes in quinoa remains incomplete. This comprehensive study aimed to identify the quinoa trihelix family and families associated with salt stress, including Na+/H+ antiporter (NHX) and calcineurin B‐like (CBL). Through expression analysis, Cqtrihelix23 was identified as responsive to salt stress. Subsequent transient transformation experiments revealed that Cqtrihelix23 enhanced quinoa's tolerance to salt stress by promoting root development, maintaining the antioxidant system, and reducing the Na+/K+ ratio. Additionally, it was discovered that Cqtrihelix23 upregulated the expression of CqCBL10 and CqNHX4. Further protein interaction experiments confirmed the interaction between Cqtrihelix23, CqCBL10, and CqNHX4. Notably, CqCBL10 and CqNHX4 also contributed to salt stress resistance, and in combination with Cqtrihelix23, they synergistically enhanced salt stress tolerance. In conclusion, this study highlights the significance of Cqtrihelix23, CqCBL10, and CqNHX4 as key contributors within the regulatory network associated with quinoa's salt tolerance. These findings lay a solid groundwork for the development of salt‐tolerant quinoa varieties.
A genome assembly of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) provides insights into genome evolution and 6‐gingerol biosynthesis
Authors: Chen Zijing , Zhang Ling , Lv Yao , Qu Shenyang , Liu Wenjun , Wang Kai , Gao Song , Zhu Feng , Cao Bili , Xu Kun 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARYGinger is cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions and is one of the most crucial spices worldwide owing to its special taste and scent. Here, we present a high‐quality genome assembly for ‘Small Laiwu Ginger’, a famous cultivated ginger in northern China. The ginger genome was phased into two haplotypes, haplotype A (1.55Gb), and haplotype B (1.44Gb). Analysis of Ty1/Copia and Ty3/Gypsy LTR retrotransposon families revealed that both have undergone multiple retrotransposon bursts about 0–1 million years ago. In addition to a recent whole‐genome duplication event, there has been a lineage‐specific expansion of genes involved in stilbenoid, diarylheptanoid, and gingerol biosynthesis, thereby enhancing 6‐gingerol biosynthesis. Furthermore, we focused on the biosynthesis of 6‐gingerol, the most important gingerol, and screened key transcription factors ZoMYB106 and ZobHLH148 that regulate 6‐gingerol synthesis by transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis in the ginger rhizome at four growth stages. The results of yeast one‐hybrid, electrophoretic mobility shift, and dual‐luciferase reporter gene assays showed that both ZoMYB106 and ZobHLH148 bind to the promoters of the key rate‐limiting enzyme genes ZoCCOMT1 and ZoCCOMT2 in the 6‐gingerol synthesis pathway and promote their transcriptional activities. The reference genome, transcriptome, and metabolome data pave the way for further research on the molecular mechanism underlying the biosynthesis of 6‐gingerol. Furthermore, it provides precious new resources for the study on the biology and molecular breeding of ginger.
Transcriptome analysis with different leaf blades identifies the phloem‐specific phosphate transporter OsPHO1;3 required for phosphate homeostasis in rice
Authors: Yan Meng , Xie Mengyang , Chen Wang , Si Wen‐jing , Lin Hong‐hui , Yang Jian 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARYPhosphate (Pi) is essential for plant growth and development. One strategy to improve Pi use efficiency is to enhance Pi remobilization among leaves. Using transcriptome analysis with first (top) and fourth (down) leaf blades from rice (Oryza sativa) in Pi‐sufficient and deficient conditions, we identified 1384 genes differentially expressed among these leaf blades. These genes were involved in physiological processes, metabolism, transport, and photosynthesis. Moreover, we identified the Pi efflux transporter gene, OsPHO1;3, responding to Pi‐supplied conditions among these leaf blades. OsPHO1;3 is highly expressed in companion cells of phloem, but not xylem, in leaf blades and induced by Pi starvation. Mutation of OsPHO1;3 led to Pi accumulation in second to fourth leaves under Pi‐sufficient conditions, but enhanced Pi levels in first leaves under Pi‐deficient conditions. These Pi accumulations in leaves of Ospho1;3 mutants resulted from induction of OsPHT1;2 and OsPHT1;8 in root and reduction of Pi remobilization in leaf blades, revealed by the decreased Pi in phloem of leaves. Importantly, lack of OsPHO1;3 caused growth defects under a range of Pi‐supplied conditions. These results demonstrate that Pi remobilization is essential for Pi homeostasis and plant growth irrespective of Pi‐supplied conditions, and OsPHO1;3 plays an essential role in Pi remobilization for normal plant growth.
Vertebral level specific modulation of paraspinal muscle activity based on vestibular signals during walking
Authors: Li Yiyuan C. , Bruijn Sjoerd M. , Lemaire Koen K. , Brumagne Simon , van Dieën Jaap H. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractEvoking muscle responses by electrical vestibular stimulation (EVS) may help to understand the contribution of the vestibular system to postural control. Although paraspinal muscles play a role in postural stability, the vestibulo‐muscular coupling of these muscles during walking has rarely been studied. This study aimed to investigate how vestibular signals affect paraspinal muscle activity at different vertebral levels during walking with preferred and narrow step width. Sixteen healthy participants were recruited. Participants walked on a treadmill for 8 min at 78 steps/min and 2.8 km/h, at two different step width, either with or without EVS. Bipolar electromyography was recorded bilaterally from the paraspinal muscles at eight vertebral levels from cervical to lumbar. Coherence, gain, and delay of EVS and EMG responses were determined. Significant EVS‐EMG coupling (P < 0.01) was found at ipsilateral and/or contralateral heel strikes. This coupling was mirrored between left and right relative to the midline of the trunk and between the higher and lower vertebral levels, i.e. a peak occurred at ipsilateral heel strike at lower levels, whereas it occurred at contralateral heel strike at higher levels. EVS‐EMG coupling only partially coincided with peak muscle activity. EVS‐EMG coherence slightly, but not significantly, increased when walking with narrow steps. No significant differences were found in gain and phase between the vertebral levels or step width conditions. In summary, vertebral level specific modulation of paraspinal muscle activity based on vestibular signals might allow a fast, synchronized, and spatially co‐ordinated response along the trunk during walking.
imageKey points
Mediolateral stabilization of gait requires an estimate of the state of the body, which is affected by vestibular afference.
During gait, the heavy trunk segment is controlled by phasic paraspinal muscle activity and in rodents the medial and lateral vestibulospinal tracts activate these muscles.
To gain insight in vestibulospinal connections in humans and their role in gait, we recorded paraspinal surface EMG of cervical to lumbar paraspinal muscles, and characterized coherence, gain and delay between EMG and electrical vestibular stimulation, during slow walking.
Vestibular stimulation caused phasic, vertebral level specific modulation of paraspinal muscle activity at delays of around 40 ms, which was mirrored between left, lower and right, upper vertebral levels.
Our results indicate that vestibular afference causes fast, synchronized, and spatially co‐ordinated responses of the paraspinal muscles along the trunk, that simultaneously contribute to stabilizing the centre of mass trajectory and to keeping the head upright.
Curvature Sensitive Modification of Pure Pursuit Control
Authors: Garrow Alexander L. , Peters Diane L. , Panchal Tanmay A. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Pure pursuit control is a commonly used method in the vehicle path-tracking problem. While widely used, it has some limitations, including the fact that its accuracy is very sensitive to the lookahead distance. A variety of different modifications to pure pursuit have been developed in an attempt to deal with this, and in this paper, an additional modification is proposed that combines speed and understeer gradient sensitivity with a curvature-based gain compensation based on target points on the path. Results are compared to the standard pure pursuit controller, demonstrating the improvements from this modification.
Evaluation of the Positioning Accuracy Along Helical Paths Using a Telescoping Ballbar
Authors: Xing Kanglin , Mayer J. R. R. , Bonev Ilian A. , Champliaud Henri , Liu Zhaoheng 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The telescoping ballbar is a versatile and easy-to-use error identification instrument for machine tools. The ballbar movement trajectory used while machining is limited to acquiring a large circular arc for positioning accuracy evaluation. However, it cannot be used to calculate the expected machine tool error parameters. Herein, a helical path is explored because it provides a complete helix turn under machining conditions, similar to the general ballbar path during a non-machining test, and enables the calculation of relevant machine tool error parameters. The theoretical model and program for a helical ballbar test are developed and validated experimentally on two different research platforms: a hexapod-based machining cell and a Mitsui Seiki HU40-T five-axis machine tool. Using a Renishaw QC-20W ballbar system with a 50 mm radius, the tests were conducted with helical pitches of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, and 1.5 mm, respectively. After compensation, the helical-based ballbar test showed similar radial deviation curve patterns as the standard ballbar test, with differences in circular deviation of less than 2.4 µm and 1.5 µm observed for the hexapod machining cell and machine tool, respectively. The proposed helical ballbar measurement and data processing method is therefore feasible and can produce comparable results to circular ballbar tests.
Who Coaches the Coaches? Exploring the Biographies of Novice Athletics Coach Education Tutors
Authors: Stephens David , Stodter Anna , Timmis Matthew 
Published: January 2024

Despite coach education being a focus of academic inquiry for over 20 years, coach developers (e.g., tutors) have been neglected from the literature until recently. In recognizing and understanding the role of the tutor in delivering quality learning programs for sport coaches, it is also important to consider who tutors are and how biographical factors influence their development toward expertise. This article utilizes Grenier and Kehrhahn’s Model of Expertise Redevelopment as a tool to aid understanding of the transition from sport coaching to tutoring. Narrative interviews were used with seven novice athletics coach education tutors embarking on a “fast-track” tutor development program. Data were subject to narrative thematic analysis and presented as composite vignettes. The vignettes portray six common themes highlighting that becoming a coach education tutor is a lifelong process of episodic experiences. The features of novice tutors’ biographies are a useful starting point in evidencing the development of expertise. These findings could be used to inform tutor recruitment and training. The current study adds to the emerging body of literature by providing one of the first empirical accounts exploring the developmental experiences of novice coach education tutors.
A Quasi-Randomized Clinical Trial to Compare the Effects of Suspension Versus Instability Training on Balance
Authors: Blasco José-María , Tolsada-Velasco Catalina , Borja-de-Fuentes Irene , Costa-Moreno Elena , García-Gomáriz Carmen , Hernández-Guillén David 
Published: January 2024

Context: Suspension training devices are becoming increasingly popular. Most studies analyzed the effectiveness according to diverse measures in patients with or without conditions at any age. The characteristics of suspension training are very specific and can increase instability and; therefore, enhance balance. The goal was to determine the effects of suspension training on balance by comparing it with instability training. Design: Two-arm, randomized trial. Methods: 44 young adults, aged 22.4 years old, with no musculoskeletal condition, took part. There were 2 interventions, suspension and instability training, designed with 12 sessions in 4 weeks. The primary outcome was the Y-Balance test. Other balance outcomes were the Emery and jumping sideways tests, and platform measures while standing. Results: Suspension and instability training were effective in enhancing balance in terms of the primary outcome, the Y-Balance test, with no between-group differences. Instability training enhanced the Emery test over suspension training (P = .018), but the latter was more effective in the jumping sideways test (P = .003). Neither of the training improved static balance measures. Conclusions: Training with suspension devices is effective in enhancing dynamic balance, with similar improvements to instability training. Importantly, the magnitude of change and the frequency of responders to intervention in terms of motor coordination and keeping balance in unstable conditions appear to be sensitive to the type of training.
A far-traveled basalt lava flow in north-central Oregon, USA
Authors: Pivarunas Anthony F. , Sherrod David R. , O’Connor James E. , Cannon Charles M. , Stelten Mark E. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Widely separated basalt lava-flow outcrops in north-central Oregon, USA, expose products of a single eruptive episode. A Pliocene lava flow, here informally termed the Tetherow basalt, issued from vents near Redmond, in the Deschutes basin of Oregon, as a plains-forming basalt now exposed in continuous outcrops northward for 60 km. A similar basalt crops out 47 km farther north, near Maupin, within what was then a slightly incised ancestral Deschutes River canyon. The northernmost outcrops of this lava flow lie on Fulton Ridge, in the Dalles basin, near the confluence of the Deschutes and Columbia Rivers. Complementary lines of evidence confirm these rocks are all from the same volcanic eruption. Outcrops in the Deschutes and Dalles basins are chemically similar high-titanium basalts, petrographically similar to each other and distinct from other lava flows in the area. Paleomagnetic directions from 11 scattered sites are similar and indistinguishable by various tests for a common mean. Three new 40Ar/39Ar ages indicate the Tetherow basalt eruption occurred between 5.5 Ma and 5.0 Ma, likely at ca. 5.2 Ma. The widely separated outcrops of this lava flow span 160–180 km along the ancestral Deschutes River and downstream Columbia River. The lava flow’s length and erupted volume of 15–20 km3 are extraordinarily large in a non-flood-basalt setting. This lava flow provides a datum with which to describe regional physiographic history, assess incision rates, and infer tectonic history. Spanning different depositional basins, the Tetherow basalt is a useful chronologic and stratigraphic marker bed.
Role of overnight oximetry in assessing the severity of obstructive sleep apnoea in typically developing children: a multicentre study
Authors: Selby Anna , Buchan Elise , Davies Matthew , Hill Catherine M , Kingshott Ruth N , Langley Ross J , McGovern Julia , Presslie Callum , Senior Emily , Shinde Supriya Suresh , Yuen Ho Ming , Samuels Martin , Evans Hazel J 
Published: January 2024

Background and objectiveCardiorespiratory polygraphy (CRP) is the predominant technology used to diagnose obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) in tertiary centres in the UK. Nocturnal pulse oximetry (NPO) is, however, cheaper and more accessible. This study evaluated the ability of NPO indices to predict OSA in typically developing (TD) children.MethodsIndices from simultaneous NPO and CRP recordings were compared in TD children (aged 1–16 years) referred to evaluate OSA in three tertiary centres. OSA was defined as an obstructive apnoea–hypopnoea index (OAHI) ≥1 event/hour. Receiver operating characteristic curves assessed the diagnostic accuracy of NPO indices including ODI3 (3% Oxygen Desaturation Index, ODI4 (4% Oxygen Desaturation Index), delta 12 s index and minimum oxygen saturation. Two-by-two tables were generated to determine the sensitivities and specificities of whole number cut-off values for predicting OAHIs ≥1, 5 and 10 events/hour.ResultsRecordings from 322 TD children, 197 male (61.2%), median age 4.9 years (range 1.1–15.6), were reviewed. OAHI was ≥1/hour in 144 (44.7%), ≥5/hour in 61 (18.9%) and ≥10/hour in 28 (8.7%) cases. ODI3 and ODI4 had the best diagnostic accuracy. ODI3 ≥7/hour and ODI4 ≥4/hour predicted OSA in TD children with sensitivities/specificities of 57.6%/85.4% and 46.2%/91.6%, respectively. ODI3 ≥8/hour was the best predictor of OAHI ≥5/hour (sensitivity 82.0%, specificity 84.3%).ConclusionRaised ODI3 and ODI4 predict OSA in TD children with high specificity but variable sensitivity. NPO may be an alternative to diagnose moderate-severe OSA if access to CRP is limited. Low sensitivities to detect mild OSA mean that confirmatory CRP is needed if NPO is normal.
Effect of a coaching intervention to enhance physical activity and prevent falls in community-dwelling people aged 60+ years: a cluster randomised controlled trial
Authors: Oliveira Juliana S , Sherrington Catherine , Rissel Chris , Howard Kirsten , Tong Allison , Merom Dafna , Wickham James , Bauman Adrian E , Lord Stephen R , Lindley Richard I , Simpson Judy M , Allman-Farinelli Margaret , Kirkham Catherine , Ramsay Elisabeth , O’Rourke Sandra , Tiedemann Anne 
Published: January 2024

ObjectivesTo evaluate the effect of a coaching intervention compared with control on physical activity and falls rate at 12 months in community-dwelling people aged 60+ years.DesignCluster randomised controlled trial.SettingCommunity-dwelling older people.Participants72 clusters (605 participants): 37 clusters (290 participants) randomised to the intervention and 35 (315 participants) to control.InterventionIntervention group received written information, fall risk assessment and prevention advice by a physiotherapist, activity tracker and telephone-based coaching from a physiotherapist focused on safe physical activity. Control group received written information and telephone-based dietary coaching. Both groups received up to 19 sessions of telephone coaching over 12 months.OutcomesThe co-primary outcomes were device-measured physical activity expressed in counts per minute at 12 months and falls rate over 12 months. Secondary outcomes included the proportion of fallers, device-measured daily steps and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), self-reported hours per week of physical activity, body mass index, eating habits, goal attainment, mobility-related confidence, quality of life, fear of falling, risk-taking behaviour, mood, well-being and disability.ResultsThe mean age of participants was 74 (SD 8) years, and 70% (n=425) were women. There was no significant effect of the intervention on device-measured physical activity counts per minute (mean difference 5 counts/min/day, 95% CI −21 to 31), or falls at 12 months (0.71 falls/person/year in intervention group and 0.87 falls/person/year in control group; incidence rate ratio 0.86, 95% CI 0.65 to 1.14). The intervention had a positive significant effect on device-measured daily steps and MVPA, and self-reported hours per week of walking, well-being, quality of life, and disability. No significant between-group differences were identified in other secondary outcomes.ConclusionA physical activity and fall prevention programme including fall risk assessment and prevention advice, plus telephone-based health coaching, did not lead to significant differences in physical activity counts per minute or falls rate at 12 months. However, this programme improved other physical activity measures (ie, daily steps, MVPA, hours per week of walking), overall well-being, quality of life and disability.Trial registration numberACTRN12615001190594.
Beneficial and harmful effects of tricyclic antidepressants for adults with major depressive disorder: a systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis
Authors: Kamp Caroline Barkholt , Petersen Johanne Juul , Faltermeier Pascal , Juul Sophie , Siddiqui Faiza , Barbateskovic Marija , Kristensen Andreas Torp , Moncrieff Joanna , Horowitz Mark Abie , Hengartner Michael Pascal , Kirsch Irving , Gluud Christian , Jakobsen Janus Christian 
Published: January 2024

QuestionTricyclic antidepressants are used to treat depression worldwide, but the adverse effects have not been systematically assessed. Our objective was to assess the beneficial and harmful effects of all tricyclic antidepressants for adults with major depressive disorder.Study selection and analysisWe conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis. We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, LILACS and other sources from inception to January 2023 for randomised clinical trials comparing tricyclic antidepressants versus placebo or ‘active placebo’ for adults with major depressive disorder. The primary outcomes were depressive symptoms measured on the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS-17), serious adverse events and quality of life. The minimal important difference was defined as three points on the HDRS-17.FindingsWe included 103 trials randomising 10 590 participants. All results were at high risk of bias, and the certainty of the evidence was very low or low. All trials only assessed outcomes at the end of the treatment period at a maximum of 12 weeks after randomisation. Meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis showed evidence of a beneficial effect of tricyclic antidepressants compared with placebo (mean difference −3.77 HDRS-17 points; 95% CI −5.91 to −1.63; 17 trials). Meta-analysis showed evidence of a harmful effect of tricyclic antidepressants compared with placebo on serious adverse events (OR 2.78; 95% CI 2.18 to 3.55; 35 trials), but the required information size was not reached. Only 2 out of 103 trials reported on quality of life and t-tests showed no evidence of a difference.ConclusionsThe long-term effects of tricyclic antidepressants and the effects on quality of life are unknown. Short-term results suggest that tricyclic antidepressants may reduce depressive symptoms while also increasing the risks of serious adverse events, but these results were based on low and very low certainty evidence.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021226161.