bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reconstruction of the Mashantucket Pequot Cedar Swamp Paleoenvironment Using Plant Macrofossils, New England, USA
Authors: McWeeney Lucinda 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Plant macrofossils found in sediment cores taken from wetlands that were once postglacial lakes and ponds can provide documentation for the changing vegetation patterns and wetland evolution of today’s coastal forests in southern New England, USA. Plant macrofossil analyses hold the potential to produce species-level identifications of plants that were growing close to the site of deposition, thereby clarifying local habitat evolution (Watts 1978, Warner and Barnett 1986, McWeeney 1991) and enabling ecologists to trace the entrance of taxa into a locale and follow the fluctuations in population diversity (Jackson 1989). Fluctuations in the vegetation patterns and the water table can be inferred from the preservation of the organic remains or lack thereof, from the autochthonous presence of certain taxa, and changes in the rate of sediment accumulation (Digerfeldt 1986).
Atlantic White Cedar in North Carolina, USA: A Brief History and Current Regeneration Efforts
Authors: Phillips Ronald W , Hughes Joseph H , Buford M A , Gardner W E , White F M , Williams C G 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Chamaecyparis thyoides (L.) BSP. (Atlantic white cedar), known locally as juniper or white cedar, is an obligate wetland species whose natural botanical range extends along the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts of the United States from southern Maine to northern Florida and through Mississippi. In eastern North Carolina, it has been an economically and ecologically important component of forested swamps, freshwater bogs, pocosins, wet depressions, and streambanks.
Taxodium-Nyssa (Cypress-Tupelo) Forests Along the Coast of the Southern United States
Authors: Mcwilliams William H , Tansey John B , Birch Thomas W , Hansen Mark H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Taxodium-Nyssa (cypress-tupelo) association inhabits freshwater wetlands across the southern United States. Taxodium-Nyssa forests are a prevalent subset of lowland forests on sites inundated for most of the year. The association occurs on a continuum from cypress-dominated to tupelo-dominated, but pure stands of either species are common. Pure stands of tupelo often follow clearcutting of cypress (Putnam 1951).
Coastal Forest Management and Research
Authors: Laderman Aimlee D , Donnette Rachel L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Ecosystem management and research are closely linked. Although research provides the guidelines to govern sensible management, management problems indicate the most urgently needed research. This chapter summarizes the major threats to coastally restricted forests and their attendant management strategies, and poses a series of questions for further research. Information is drawn from chapters in this book as well as from workshops1 at two international symposia.
Respectable Radicals: Southern Suffragists As Champions of Women’s Rights
Authors: Wheeler Marjorie Spruill 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The leaders of the Southern suffrage movement understood all too well that theirs was the region of the United States most hostile to the women’s rights movement, and they made every effort to present themselves and their cause as nonthreatening and in accord with traditional Southern values. Proud to be Southern Ladies, these women took care to look and act the part; publicists for the suffrage movement deliberately celebrated the femininity as well as the social prominence of their leaders.
Introduction: Global Warming As A Regional Issue
Authors: Schmandt Jurgen , Clarkson Judith 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Global climate change is an environmental problem of international proportions and vast economic and social implications. Never before bas the world bad to face a problem with these characteristics: The issue is global in scale; it results from mankind’s very success in using science and technology as the foundation for economic development; and solutions to redress the situation will be costly and require far-reaching social and economic change. Consequently, few models exist for dealing with the issue. In 1988 a treaty was agreed upon for phasing out a group of chemicals—chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)—that destroy the ozone layer. This was hailed as a major accomplishment in environmental diplomacy.
Assessing Regional Damage Costs From Global Warming
Authors: Ayres Robert U 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Despite obvious difficulties, policymakers in the real world are increasingly forced to quantify and monetize. An example of the usual accounting methodology for estimating economic damages is provided by the recent study by William Nordhaus (Nordhaus 1989a, 1989b). Unfortunately, mainstream economists, including Nonlhaus, display a tendency to attach zero valuation to un priced environmental assets and services.
Regions Of Resilience: An Essay On Global Warming
Authors: Burton Ian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As the islands of scientific knowledge expand in the surrounding seas of ignorance, the greater becomes the boundary with the unknown. It is thus a perennial feature of the scientific enterprise that the more that is known the greater the consciousness of ignorance. Standing now on the seashore frontier of the infant island discipline of climatology, there is a new realization of how little is known about the forces that shape Earth’s climate, how little is known about how climate in tum shapes the processes of the biosphere on Earth’s surface, and bow even more unreliable is the meager knowledge of the interactions among climate, biosphere and human activities.
Climate Change-Need For National Awareness And Commitment Among Small Regional Communities: Case Of The Southwest Indian Ocean Islands
Authors: Saha Vijaya Lakshmi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
No country will be insulated from the new planetary threat of global warming, a phenomenon that has only recently been propelled to the forefront of the international scene. The primary impacts are going to vary from country to country and from region to region, ranging from beneficial to harmful, and creating winners and losers at the inter national level.
Before the War
Authors: Tec Nechama 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
An excited crowd surrounded the new arrivals. The crowd demanded to know who had come, who was left behind, what was happening to them, who else will arrive, why were they not yet here. Question upon question kept piling up. Coming all at once they were hard to follow, impossible to answer. Here and there, among the noisy haphazard efforts to tell, to connect, one could hear sudden outbursts-relatives, friends, and acquaintances were finding each other.
The Beginning of the Bielski Otriad
Authors: Tec Nechama 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
From March 1942 Asael with thirteen followers continued to elude the Germans by staying in the forests, close to the town of Nowogr6dek. When collecting provisions, they made an effort not to rob poor peasants but instead took from those they thought had extra food. Familiarity with the area and with local farmers helped them decide who was an appropriate target.
Back-Calculation
Authors: Brookmeyer Ron , Gail Mitchell H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Back-calculation is a method for estimating past infection rates from AIDS incidence data. The method has been useful for obtaining shortterm projections of AIDS incidence and estimating HIV prevalence. Back-calculation requires reliable counts of the numbers of AIDS cases diagnosed over time and a reliable estimate of the incubation period distribution. Early references on back-calculation are Brookmeyer and Gail (1986; 1988).
Introduction
Authors: Siegel Bryna 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This book is the result of twelve years of sitting with parents and explaining to them what it means for their child to be autistic. As many times as I have met and talked with parents confronting the diagnosis of autism for the first time, I know I cannot have the same feelings about the diagnosis of autism that parents do. I do know that many emotions present themselves. Both parental emotions and the child’s treatment are very important issues that need to be thoroughly addressed. Over the years, I have become convinced that the parents’ best defense against the potential emotional devastation of the diagnosis is to gain competence rapidly to get help for their child. I see treatment planning and implementation of treatment as positive coping that helps both child and parent function as well as possible.
Psychoactive Medications
Authors: Siegel Bryna 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
What role do psychoactive medications have in the treatment of children with autism or PDD? The short answer is that psychoactive medications treat symptoms. There are no medications that have been found effective in the treatment of autism as a whole. This is because autism is not just one thing, but a syndrome—or collection of symptoms, as we discussed in Chapter 1. Autism is a collection of overlapping groups of symptoms that vary from child to child. When medications are used to treat an autistic child, they are used to treat a particular symptom or group of related symptoms. Symptoms of autism and PDD that sometimes improve with the introduction of medications include hyperactivity, short attention span, stereotyped motor movements, self-injurious behaviors (SIBs), aggressiveness, social withdrawal, excessive anxiety, and poor sleep. Although all of these problems can occur in autistic children, none are symptoms unique to autism, nor are any of the medications used with children with autism or PDD used only for children with these two diagnoses. There are no separate medications that are used only for autism or only for PDD.
Places
Authors: Ehrenfeld David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
An awareness of places doesn’t always come naturally. In my case it was definitely an acquired trait. The place was Tortuguero, in Costa Rica. I had gone there as a graduate student, sent by my major professor, the late Archie Carr. He was one of the great conservationists of our time and a remarkable teacher, but he didn’t teach conservation by any formal process of instruction. He was too smart for that. Instead, he taught about places through direct experience and let his students’ feelings of conservation develop spontaneously, as they almost invariably did.
Forgetting
Authors: Ehrenfeld David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
On the nineteenth of April 1989, one of the huge gun turrets on the battleship Iowa blew up, killing the sailors who were manning it. Debate about the responsibility for the explosion continued long afterwards, but lost in the emotion of the tragedy was a curious aspect of the story. According to the commander of the ship, interviewed after the event, it was expected to be difficult, if not impossible, to fix the damaged gun turret. The Iowa is of World War H vintage, and he feared that the materials and technological know how to repair its gigantic guns might not exist anymore.
The Technology of Destruction
Authors: Ehrenfeld David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Edward Teller was born in Budapest in 1908, the son of successful, nonobservant Jewish parents. Showing an early talent for mathematics, he was trained in that subject and in chemical engineering, but eventually gravitated toward theoretical physics. In 1931 he became a part of the celebrated Gottingen group of physicists and mathematicians, which included such names as Werner Heisenberg, David Hilbert, James Franck, Enrico Fermi, Niels Bohr, George Gamow, and a youthful pair who roomed at the same villa, Paul Dirac and J. Robert Oppenheimer. Driven from Germany by the rise of Hitler and the Nazis, Teller made his way, with Rockefeller Foundation support, to Niels Bohr’s institute in Copenhagen, where he shared lodgings and the love of poetry with a German aristocrat and talented atomic physicist, Carl Friedrich von Weizsiicker. In 1935 Teller traveled to the United States and took the first of a series of university appointments.
King Oliver Father Figure
Authors: Williams Martin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
King Oliver ‘s Creole Jazz Band has been called one of the legends of early jazz, and perhaps legend is the right word for, although there were records made in 1923-thirty-seven se lections in all, counting the alternate versions and alternate takes-one needs to hear those records with a sympathetic and even creative ear, so badly were some of the selections recorded, on equipment primitive even for their time. And what one hears is a group of improvising, blues-oriented players, acutely, reflexively attuned both to one another and to the collective power and thrust of their fine ensemble style. That style was at once spontaneous and deliberate, passionate and controlled, controlled in ways that make its passion all the more convmcmg.
Charlie Parker The Burden of Innovation
Authors: Williams Martin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It is now possible to discuss Bix Beiderbecke as a musician, but Beiderbecke has been dead since 1931. When Charlie Parker had been dead less than a year they still spoke of him often, but it became more and more unusual for anyone to discuss his music. They were beginning to speak of him as a god, perhaps because it saved them the trouble of reflecting either on his playing or on his life. Some prayed to him as a saint, but surely a saint must have a clear self-knowledge and acceptance of his destiny. Some said, in non sequiturs that passed for insight, that he was destroyed by big business and advertising. An uptown barkeep muttered, “I got no use for a man who abuses his talent. “ They proclaimed, “He never practiced. “ (But he did practice, of course, and in his youth he practiced day and night.) They said of the more careless performances and the reed squeaks, “He was a man in a hurry. “ Perhaps he once said it better: “I was always in a panic. “ His friends said, “You had to pay your dues just to know him. “ In a sense you have to pay them even to listen to him. Perhaps that is as it should be.
Thelonious Monk Modem Jazz in Search of Maturity
Authors: Williams Martin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The rediscovery of Thelonious Monk in the late ‘fifties is surely a curious event in the admittedly short history of jazz. The fan and trade press, which once dismissed his recordings with a puzzled or scornful two or three “stars, “ began to wax enthusiastic at the slightest provocation and listed his name in popularity polls where it had seldom appeared before. Musicians who once dismissed him as having long since made his small contribution to jazz listened attentively for ways out of the post-bop dilemmas. They found that his music had continued to develop through the years of his neglect, that it provided a highly personal summary and synthesis of fifteen years of modern jazz, and that it suggested sound future paths as well. And a public which had once barely heard of this man with the intriguing name soon began to buy his records and attend his public appearances.
National Health Systems of The World volume 2
Authors: Roemer Milton I 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This is Volume II of the comprehensive review of national health systems of the world presented in Volume I. In that volume, the author analysed the organization, financing, management, and delivery of health services in 68 countries at diverse levels of economic development and political ideology. In Volume II, the principal issues in health systems across countries are examined. The issues are categorized according to the several components by which national health systems may be analysed. They include such issues as the role of traditional healers, the scope of Ministries of Health, Social Security financing, commercial health insurance, methods of cost-containment, strategies of planning, legislation on health promotion, concepts of primary health care, control of sexually-transmitted diseases, emergency medical services, and many other controversial topics. The elucidation of these issues is designed not to provide answers, but to provoke discussion.
Nurses, Pharmacists, and Other Health Personnel
Authors: Roemer Milton I 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The reach of the physician has been greatly extended over the years by the training of a wide variety of other health personnel. Strictly speaking, most of these personnel perform their functions under the general supervision of or according to orders issued by the physician. In practice, however, these associated health personnel have developed a proper scope of functions of their own, and a great deal of their work is carried out quite independently of the physician. The most abundant category of health personnel is the nurse, who plays a major role in the health system of nearly all countries. Often closely associated with the nurse, and oriented especially to pregnancy and childbirth, is the midwife.
Social Security for Medical Care
Authors: Roemer Milton I 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Actions by government to support the costs of medical care for working people have a background very different from the background of public health preventive services. These developments evolved not from epidemics or envi-ronmental hazards, but from the conditions of life and work created by industrialization and early capitalism. They emerged from the organization of working people, for whom sickness meant a loss of economic livelihood.
Appendix: Proof Of The 0-1 Principal
Authors: Smith Justin R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Consider the example of super-unitary speedup on page 16. Is such superunitary speedup always possible? If not, what conditions must be satisfied for it to happen? At about the time that he developed the Bitonic Sorting Algorithm, and the associated merging algorithm, Batcher also developed the Odd-Even Merge Algorithm.
Dataflow Computers
Authors: Smith Justin R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Although these algorithms look considerably more complex than the corresponding algorithms for the Butterfly and the shuffle-exchange network, their execution-time is comparable. Consider a modification of the butterfly network, where we introduce a new edge in each column that connects the top and bottom vertex - we will call this the m-Butterfly network. It is similar, but not identical to, the form of the Butterfly that identifies the top and bottom rows. Show that the CCC network with a given value of r is isomorphic to an m-Butterfly network with 2r rows.
SIMD Programming: the Connection Machine
Authors: Smith Justin R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Generalities. In this section we will consider the Connection Machine manu factured by Thinking Machines Corporation. Aside from the inherent interest in this particular piece of hardware, it will be instructive to see how a number of important issues in the theory of parallel algorithms are addressed in this system. We first consider some general features of the architecture of this system. The computer (model CM-2) is physically implemented as a 12-dimensional hypercube, each node of which has 16 processors. This is a SIMD machine in which programs are stored on a front end computer. The front end is a conventional computer that is parallel variables involved. They argue that this would be logically more consistent than what C* does, because the semantics of the abs-function would be the same as for addition-operations.
Numerical evaluation of definite integrals
Authors: Smith Justin R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
General Principles. In this section we will present a number of P-RAM algo rithms that are closely related. They may be regarded as generalizations of the simple algorithm for adding numbers presented in the introduction, and the sample program in §2 of chapter N. There are various names for this family of algorithms: doubling algorithms, parallel-prefix algorithms and cyclic reduction algorithms. The different name reflect different applications of this general technique.
Doubling Algorithms
Authors: Smith Justin R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
General Principles. In this section we will present a number of P-RAM algo rithms that are closely related. They may be regarded as generalizations of the simple algorithm for adding numbers presented in the introduction, and the sample program in §2 of chapter N. There are various names for this family of algorithms: doubling algorithms, parallel-prefix algorithms and cyclic reduction algorithms. The different name reflect different applications of this general technique.
Computer Algebra
Authors: Smith Justin R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Sorting Algorithms for a PRAM computer. We have already seen the Batcher sorting algorithm. It was one of the first parallel sorting algorithms developed. In 1978 Preparata published several SIMD-parallel algorithms for sorting n numbers in O(lgn) time - see [123]. The simplest of these sorting algorithms required O(n2) processors. Essentially this algorithm used the processors to compare every key value with every other and then, for each key, counted the number of key values less than that key. When the proper key sequence was computed one additional step sufficed to move the data into sequence.
VII.Probabilistic Algorithms
Authors: Smith Justin R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Numerical algorithms. The Buffon Needle algorithm falls into this category. These algorithms involve performing a large number of independent trials and produce an answer that converges to the correct answer as the number of trials increase. They are ideally suited to parallelization, since the trials are completely independent These are algorithms that always work, and always produce correct answers, but the running time is indeterminate, as a result of random choices they make. In this case, the probable running time may be very fast, but the worst case running time (as a result of unlucky choices) may be bad. This type of algorithm is of particular interest in Parallel Processing. We define the class RNC to denote the class of problems that can be solved by probabilistic parallel algorithms in probable time that is poly-logarithmic, using a polynomial number of processors (in the complexity-parameter - see 35).
Women under SiegeSexuality and the Gendered Economies of Colonization, 1840 –1852
Authors: González Deena J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Gertrudis Barceló of Santa Fe was born in 1800 and lived through half a century marked by growing economic and social disarray. In her lifetime, the confusion surrounding women’s lives intensified when dollars flooded the marketplace, replacing pesos. Before she died in 1852, Barceló could reflect on changes in the economy; on the ways in which, respectively, traders had re- placed trappers, merchant-enterprisers had replaced the traders, and bureaucrats the merchant-enterprisers. Barceló herself helped create a new world in Santa Fe by building a prosperous gambling saloon that became a busy social center for locals as well as for Euro-American traders and soldiers.
Case Studies of Graphical Data Presentation
Authors: Valiela Ivan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In chapter 9 we discussed reasonably good examples of the various types of graphics. Choice of graphics is to some extent up to the author, but it is easy to graph data in ways that impair graphical perception. I have always found it difficult, however, to learn from exhortations such as “Make good graphics!” Instead, I think that it is easier to learn what to avoid by examining examples of imperfect design. As practice in graphic design, in this chapter we encounter some examples of different graphics, as they appeared in print, briefly critique the design, and discuss suggestions that, at least in my opinion, will improve communication of the data. As we go through this “Bestiary of Graphical Misdesign,” keep in mind that the purpose of graphics is to allow a clear, untrammeled, truthful, and perhaps attractive view of the information.