bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Induction of pro‐apoptotic calsenilin/DREAM/KChIP3 in Alzheimer's disease and cultured neurons after amyloid‐β exposure
Authors: Dong‐Gyu Jo , Joo‐Yong Lee , Yeon‐Mi Hong , Sungmin Song , Inhee Mook‐Jung , Jae‐Young Koh , Yong‐Keun Jung 
Published: July 2005

AbstractCalsenilin/DREAM/KChIP3 was identified as a calcium‐binding protein that interacts with presenilins, serves as a transcription repressor, and binds to the A‐type potassium channel. In this study, we hypothesized that calsenilin might be involved in the neurodegeneration of Alzheimer's disease and examined calsenilin expression in Alzheimer's disease. Calsenilin levels were elevated in the cortex region of Alzheimer's patient brains and in the neocortex and the hippocampus of Swedish mutant β‐amyloid precursor protein transgenic mice brains. Induction of calsenilin was also observed in the activated astroglia as well as in the neurons surrounding β‐amyloid (Aβ)‐ and Congo red‐positive plaques. Exposing cultured cortical and hippocampal neurons to Aβ42, an amyloid‐β peptide whose deposition in the brain is a characteristic of Alzheimer's disease, induced both calsenilin protein and mRNA expression, and cell death. Moreover, blocking the calsenilin expression protected the neuronal cells from Aβ toxicity. These findings suggest that chronic up‐regulation of calsenilin may be a risk factor for developing Alzheimer's disease, perhaps by facilitating calsenilin‐mediated neurodegeneration.
Mitogen‐activated protein kinase/extracellular signal‐regulated kinase attenuates 3‐hydroxykynurenine‐induced neuronal cell death
Authors: Lee Hyun Jung , Bach Jae‐Hyung , Chae Hee‐Sun , Lee Sang Hyung , Joo Wan Seok , Choi Se Hoon , Kim Kyung Yong , Lee Won Bok , Kim Sung Su 
Published: July 2005

Abstract3‐Hydroxykynurenine (3‐HK), an endogenous tryptophan metabolite, is known to have toxic effects in brain. However, the molecular mechanism of the toxicity has not been well identified. In this study, we investigated the involvement of MAPK/extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) in the 3‐HK‐induced neuronal cell damage. Our results showed that 3‐HK induced apoptotic neuronal cell death and ERK phosphorylation occurred during cell death. Inhibition of ERK activation using PD98059 considerably increased cell death. Furthermore, cell death was preceded by mitochondrial malfunction including collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and cytochrome c release from mitochondria to the cytosol. Interestingly, inhibition of ERK dramatically increased mitochondrial malfunction, and enhanced caspase activation, resulting in enhanced neuronal cell death. Thus, our results show that ERK plays a protective role by maintaining mitochondrial function and regulating caspase activity under conditions of cellular stress.
AGENT BANK BEHAVIOR IN BANK LOAN SYNDICATIONS
Authors: Jones Jonathan D. , Lang William W. , Nigro Peter J. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractUsing Shared National Credit (SNC) Program data from 1995 to 2000, we extend previous empirical work on bank loan syndications. First, we examine recent trends in the volume and examiner‐based credit quality of loans syndicated through the banking system. Second, we estimate a panel regression model to explain changes in an agent bank's retained share of a syndicated loan in terms of information asymmetries, loan credit quality, capital constraints, and loan age and maturity. We find that these variables are significant determinants of the proportion of a SNC loan retained by an agent bank for its portfolio over time.
CAN STOCK MARKET LIBERALIZATION IN EMERGING ECONOMIES MITIGATE LEGAL SYSTEMS DEFICIENCIES?
Authors: Kim Wi Saeng , Lyn Esmeralda , Zychowicz Edward J. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractWe document positive valuation effects around the time of stock market liberalization. We find that the valuation effects are larger for countries with civil law traditions compared with countries with common law origins. Similarly, we find that countries with weaker shareholder protections exhibit greater market valuation increases compared with countries with stronger shareholder protections. The results reinforce the importance of country legal systems and of shareholder protections in determining the quality of corporate governance systems and financial market outcomes. The findings suggest that stock market liberalization may mitigate deficiencies in the existing institutional environments not supportive of effective corporate governance systems.
TRADING COSTS OF NON‐U.S. STOCKS ON THE NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE: THE EFFECT OF INSTITUTIONAL OWNERSHIP, ANALYST FOLLOWING, AND MARKET REGULATION
Authors: Jiang Christine X. , Kim Jang‐Chul 
Published: July 2005

AbstractWe investigate the differences in market microstructure between U.S. and non‐U.S. stocks cross‐listed on the New York Stock Exchange using a sample of 316 pairs of matched stocks. We find that non‐U.S. stocks have wider spreads and larger adverse‐selection costs than U.S. stocks even after controlling for macro‐level institutional differences. Regression analysis shows that spreads and adverse‐selection costs are negatively correlated with institutional ownership and analyst followings. Thus, the higher spreads and adverse‐selection costs for non‐U.S. stocks can be partly explained by the lower institutional ownership and analyst following of non‐U.S. stocks. In addition, we find that although the spreads and adverse‐selection costs for non‐U.S. stocks are significantly higher before the implementation of Regulation Fair Disclosure (FD), the differences become even greater after Regulation FD, suggesting that Regulation FD has improved the information environment for U.S. stocks.
The Prevalence and Correlates of Major and Minor Depression in Older Medical Inpatients
Authors: McCusker Jane , Cole Martin , Dufouil Carole , Dendukuri Nandini , Latimer Eric , Windholz Sylvia , Elie Michel 
Published: July 2005

Objectives: To describe the prevalence of and characteristics associated with major and minor depression in older medical inpatients and to compare associated characteristics by sex and history of depression.Design: Cross‐sectional study of two patient samples, with and without a screening diagnosis of major or minor depression.Setting: The medical services of two acute care hospitals.Participants: Medical admissions of people aged 65 and older with at most mild cognitive impairment (N=380).Measurements: Diagnoses of major and minor depression (Diagnostic Interview Schedule), cognitive impairment (Mini‐Mental State Examination), premorbid disability, sociodemographic variables (including social networks and support), comorbidity, severity of illness, history of depression.Results: The prevalence of major depression differed by hospital, ranging from 14.2% (95% confidence interval (CI)=11.7–17.1) in Hospital A to 44.5% (95% CI=33.1–56.4) in Hospital B. The prevalence of minor depression was similar in the two hospitals, ranging from 9.4% (95% CI=7.4–11.9) in Hospital A to 7.9% (95% CI=2.9–16.3) in Hospital B. After adjustment for hospital, the same characteristics (history of depression, premorbid disability, cognitive impairment, perceived adequacy of support, and visits from friends) were associated with major and minor depression, although most of these associations tended to be weaker for minor depression. Most of these factors were also associated with depression in multivariate analyses. The most important characteristics in women were premorbid disability, history of depression, and adequacy of emotional support; in men they were history of depression, cognitive impairment, and adequacy of emotional support. A cerebrovascular or other cardiovascular diagnosis did not explain the association between depression and cognitive impairment.Conclusion: Major and minor depression occur frequently in older medical inpatients and are associated with similar patient characteristics. A history of depression and the patient's sex should be considered in the identification and interpretation of these associated factors.
Serum Erythropoietin and Aging: A Longitudinal Analysis
Authors: Ershler William B. , Sheng Shan , McKelvey Julie , Artz Andrew S. , Denduluri Neelima , Tecson Josephine , Taub Dennis D. , Brant Larry J. , Ferrucci Luigi , Longo Dan L. 
Published: July 2005

Objectives: To determine the changes in serum erythropoietin with age in patients with and without anemia and to assess the importance of certain comorbidities on changes in erythropoietin level and the development of anemia.Design: Clinical history, hematological parameters, and serum erythropoietin levels were examined at 1‐ to 2‐year intervals for 8 to 30 years.Setting: Baltimore Longitudinal Study on Aging (BLSA), National Institute on Aging.Participants: One hundred forty‐three BLSA participants.Measurements: Complete blood count and serum chemistries were performed at the time of each visit, and archived serum samples were used for erythropoietin level.Results: Although all subjects were healthy and without anemia at the time of initial evaluation, some developed chronic illness—most notably hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Erythropoietin levels rose significantly for the group as a whole, and the slope of the rise was found to be greater for those who did not have associated diabetes mellitus or hypertension. During the subsequent years, subjects who developed anemia but did not have hypertension or diabetes mellitus had the greatest slope in erythropoietin rise over time, whereas those with hypertension or diabetes mellitus and anemia had the lowest erythropoietin slope.Conclusion: The increase in serum erythropoietin with aging may be compensation for subclinical blood loss, increased red blood cell turnover, or increased erythropoietin resistance of red cell precursors. It is suspected that, with very advanced age, or in those with compromised renal function (e.g., diabetes mellitus or hypertension), the compensatory mechanism becomes inadequate and anemia results.
The Cost Effect of Newer Medication Adoption in an Older Medicaid Cohort
Authors: Shireman Theresa I. , Rigler Sally K. , Jachna Carolyn M. , Griebling Tomas L. , Eng Marty L. 
Published: July 2005

Objectives: State Medicaid programs struggle with rapidly increasing expenditures for pharmaceuticals, and Medicare will likely face the same challenge. This article demonstrates how the adoption of newer drugs across diverse therapeutic classes contributed to one state's Medicaid expenditures over a 3‐year period.Design: Retrospective analysis of administrative claims data.Setting: Older Kansas Medicaid community dwellers and institutionalized beneficiaries.Participants: A 15% random sample (N = 6,256) of recipients aged 60 and older.Measurements: Prescription medication use was tracked for three sequential 1‐year periods for eight therapeutic classes accounting for the greatest Medicaid drug expenditures, categorizing individual medications as newer or older agents based on generic availability and other clinical distinctions. Outcome measures were utilization per person‐year, price per prescription, market share as percentage of prescriptions, and market share as percentage of expenditures for prescriptions within each class.Results: Use increased for all classes, driven by the adoption of newer agents. Mean prescription prices rose in nearly all classes primarily because of the higher prices of the newer agents. Newer drugs accounted for more than 50% of prescriptions in four of eight classes and constituted a disproportionately greater share of expenditures than their prescription share among several classes: antidepressants (>95%), antipsychotics (>92%), antiulcer agents (>63%), antiinflammatory drugs (>60%), and opiates (>45%).Conclusion: Newer drug products for a variety of treatment indications consume a majority of pharmaceutical expenditures through widespread adoption and higher prices. Although these agents may offer some therapeutic advantages, further research is needed to determine in what circumstances, and for which patients, the advantages of new pharmaceuticals outweigh their higher costs.
Procalcitonin and Infection in Elderly Patients
Authors: Stucker Fabien , Herrmann François , Graf Jean‐Daniel , Michel Jean‐Pierre , Krause Karl Heinz , Gavazzi Gaëtan 
Published: July 2005

Objectives: To compare the usefulness of procalcitonin (PCT) in detecting infection in elderly patients with that of other clinical and biological markers.Design: Prospective observational study to compare PCT levels in infected and uninfected patients.Setting: Geriatric teaching hospital in Switzerland.Participants: Two hundred eighteen elderly patients aged 75 and older admitted to an acute geriatric care unit.Measurements: Demographic characteristics, comorbidities, Charlson index, general signs (respiratory rate, temperature, pulse rate, confusion, falls, shivering), presence of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), sepsis, severe sepsis, septic shock, functional score (Functional Independence Measurement (FIM)) biological parameters (PCT, C‐reactive protein (CRP), leukocytes, albumin), and definite diagnosis at admission were collected prospectively for each patient.Results: Long‐term corticotherapy, chronic immune diseases, fever of 38°C or higher, white blood cell count, pulse rate, FIM, SIRS, sepsis, CRP of 3 mg/mL or higher, and PCT of 0.5 ng/mL or higher were associated with an infection at admission. In multivariate analysis, only sepsis and CRP of 3 mg/mL or higher were still associated with an infection; PCT levels do not show any significant association in the multivariate analysis. In addition, when PCT had good specificity (94%), it had low sensitivity (24%). False‐negative PCT was related to lower severity of infection (lower inflammatory reaction and lower acute renal failure) than true‐positive PCT. This finding may also be related to aging per se.Conclusion: PCT may be useful to identify severely ill elderly patients admitted to an acute geriatric ward but not to discriminate patients with infection from those without.
TASTE PERCEPTIONS AND DIETARY INTAKES OF SMOKELESS TOBACCO USERS AND NONTOBACCO USERS†
Authors: SCHUELLER RHONDA A. , ALBRECHT JULIE A. , YOUNG LINDA 
Published: July 2005

ABSTRACT Smokeless tobacco and nontobacco users differed for certain concentrations of perceived intensities of the four solutions – significantly for sweet (P ≤ 0.008) and salty (P = 0.001). Sensitivity to salty (P = 0.02) and bitter (P = 0.11) solutions decreased with increasing hours of exposure to smokeless tobacco. Smokeless tobacco and nontobacco users rated fruits and vegetables for preference and the four taste senses differently, with a decreasing trend for sweet tastes in smokeless tobacco users with increasing hours of exposure to smokeless tobacco. Smokeless tobacco users consumed more total fat (P = 0.06) and fat per 1000 kcal (P = 0.13) than nontobacco users. Higher intakes of total fat (P = 0.005), total fat per 1000 kcal (P = 0.18), total sodium (P = 0.03) and total Vitamin E (P = 0.06) were found with increasing hours of exposure to smokeless tobacco. Although fruit and vegetable intakes did not differ between smokeless tobacco and nontobacco users, both groups should increase their consumption of fruits and vegetables.
Adaptive Wavelet Method for Incompressible Flows in Complex Domains
Authors: Wirasaet Damrongsak , Paolucci Samuel 
Published: July 2005

Abstract
An adaptive wavelet-based method provides an alternative means to refine grids according to local demands of the physical solution. One of the prominent challenges of such a method is the application to problems defined on complex domains. In the case of incompressible flow, the application to problems with complicated domains is made possible by the use of the Navier-Stokes–Brinkman equations. These equations take into account solid obstacles by adding a penalized velocity term in the momentum equation. In this study, an adaptive wavelet collocation method, based on interpolating wavelets, is first applied to a benchmark problem defined on a simple domain to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the method. Then the penalty technique is used to simulate flows over obstacles. The numerical results are compared to those obtained by other computational approaches as well as to experiments.
A Framework for Coupling Reynolds-Averaged With Large-Eddy Simulations for Gas Turbine Applications
Authors: Schlüter J. U. , Wu X. , Kim S. , Shankaran S. , Alonso J. J. , Pitsch H. 
Published: July 2005

Abstract
Full-scale numerical prediction of the aerothermal flow in gas turbine engines are currently limited by high computational costs. The approach presented here intends the use of different specialized flow solvers based on the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations as well as large-eddy simulations for different parts of the flow domain, running simultaneously and exchanging information at the interfaces. This study documents the development of the interface and proves its accuracy and efficiency with simple test cases. Furthermore, its application to a turbomachinery application is demonstrated.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1envClones from Acute and Early Subtype B Infections for Standardized Assessments of Vaccine-Elicited Neutralizing Antibodies
Authors: Li Ming , Gao Feng , Mascola John R. , Stamatatos Leonidas , Polonis Victoria R. , Koutsoukos Marguerite , Voss Gerald , Goepfert Paul , Gilbert Peter , Greene Kelli M. , Bilska Miroslawa , Kothe Denise L. , Salazar-Gonzalez Jesus F. , Wei Xiping , Decker Julie M. , Hahn Beatrice H. , Montefiori David C. 
Published: July 2005

ABSTRACTInduction of broadly cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies is a high priority for AIDS vaccine development but one that has proven difficult to be achieved. While most immunogens generate antibodies that neutralize a subset of T-cell-line-adapted strains of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), none so far have generated a potent, broadly cross-reactive response against primary isolates of the virus. Even small increments in immunogen improvement leading to increases in neutralizing antibody titers and cross-neutralizing activity would accelerate vaccine development; however, a lack of uniformity in target strains used by different investigators to assess cross-neutralization has made the comparison of vaccine-induced antibody responses difficult. Thus, there is an urgent need to establish standard panels of HIV-1 reference strains for wide distribution. To facilitate this, full-length gp160 genes were cloned from acute and early subtype B infections and characterized for use as reference reagents to assess neutralizing antibodies against clade B HIV-1. Individual gp160 clones were screened for infectivity as Env-pseudotyped viruses in a luciferase reporter gene assay in JC53-BL (TZM-bl) cells. Functionalenvclones were sequenced and their neutralization phenotypes characterized by using soluble CD4, monoclonal antibodies, and serum samples from infected individuals and noninfected recipients of a recombinant gp120 vaccine. Env clones from 12 R5 primary HIV-1 isolates were selected that were not unusually sensitive or resistant to neutralization and comprised a wide spectrum of genetic, antigenic, and geographic diversity. These reference reagents will facilitate proficiency testing and other validation efforts aimed at improving assay performance across laboratories and can be used for standardized assessments of vaccine-elicited neutralizing antibodies.
Hepatitis C Virus Internal Ribosome Entry Site-Dependent Translation in
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Is Independent of Polypyrimidine Tract-Binding Protein, Poly(rC)-Binding Protein 2, and La Protein
Authors: Rosenfeld Amy B. , Racaniello Vincent R. 
Published: July 2005

ABSTRACT

Translation initiation of some viral and cellular mRNAs occurs by ribosome binding to an internal ribosome entry site (IRES). Internal initiation mediated by the hepatitis C virus (HCV) IRES in
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
was shown by translation of the second open reading frame in a bicistronic mRNA. Introduction of a single base change in the HCV IRES, known to abrogate internal initiation in mammalian cells, abolished translation of the second open reading frame. Internal initiation mediated by the HCV IRES was independent of the nonsense-mediated decay pathway and the cap binding protein eIF4E, indicating that translation is not a result of mRNA degradation or 5′-end-dependent initiation. Human La protein binds the HCV IRES and is required for efficient internal initiation. Disruption of the
S. cerevisiae
genes that encode La protein orthologs and synthesis of wild-type human La protein in yeast had no effect on HCV IRES-dependent translation. Polypyrimidine tract-binding protein (Ptb) and poly-(rC)-binding protein 2 (Pcbp2), which may be required for HCV IRES-dependent initiation in mammalian cells, are not encoded within the
S. cerevisiae
genome. HCV IRES-dependent translation in
S. cerevisiae
was independent of human Pcbp2 protein and stimulated by the presence of human Ptb protein. These findings demonstrate that the genome of
S. cerevisiae
encodes all proteins necessary for internal initiation of translation mediated by the HCV IRES.
Envelope Targeting: Hemagglutinin Attachment Specificity Rather than Fusion Protein Cleavage-Activation Restricts
Tupaia Paramyxovirus
Tropism
Authors: Springfeld Christoph , von Messling Veronika , Tidona Christian A. , Darai Gholamreza , Cattaneo Roberto 
Published: July 2005

ABSTRACT

To engineer a targeting envelope for gene and oncolytic vector delivery, we characterized and modified the envelope proteins of
Tupaia paramyxovirus
(TPMV), a relative of the morbilli- and henipaviruses that neither infects humans nor has cross-reactive relatives that infect humans. We completed the TPMV genomic sequence and noted that the predicted fusion (F) protein cleavage-activation site is not preceded by a canonical furin cleavage sequence. Coexpression of the TPMV F and hemagglutinin (H) proteins induced fusion of
Tupaia
baby fibroblasts but not of human cells, a finding consistent with the restricted TPMV host range. To identify the factors restricting fusion of non-
Tupaia
cells, we initially analyzed F protein cleavage. Even without an oligo- or monobasic protease cleavage sequence, TPMV F was cleaved in F1 and F2 subunits in human cells. Edman degradation of the F1 subunit yielded the sequence IFWGAIIA, placing the conserved phenylalanine in position 2, a novelty for paramyxoviruses but not the cause of fusion restriction. We then verified whether the lack of a TPMV H receptor limits fusion. Toward this end, we displayed a single-chain antibody (scFv) specific for the designated receptor human carcinoembryonic antigen on the TPMV H ectodomain. The H-scFv hybrid protein coexpressed with TPMV F mediated fusion of cells expressing the designated receptor, proving that the lack of a receptor limits fusion and that TPMV H can be retargeted. Targeting competence and the absence of antibodies in humans define the TPMV envelope as a module to be adapted for ferrying ribonucleocapsids of oncolytic viruses and gene delivery vectors.