bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pentapeptide YIGSR‐mediated HT‐1080 fibrosarcoma cells targeting of adriamycin encapsulated in sterically stabilized liposomes
Authors: Lopez‐Barcons L. A. , Polo D. , Reig F. , Fabra A. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractIn the peptide‐targeted therapy for cancer, peptides are used to reach a selective and specific target in cancer cells. Peptides are used free or coupled to chemotherapeutic drugs, phagues, proteins, polymers, liposomes, and polymer‐grafted liposomes. Using this latter approach, the pentapeptide YIGSR was coupled to the distal end from carboxyl groups of liposome‐grafted polyethyleneglycol (PEG) chains (YIGSR‐PEG‐liposome). As a control, the peptide PEAGD coupled to PEG‐liposome was used. The biological activity of YIGSR‐PEG‐liposome was tested using HT‐1080 human fibrosarcoma cells. In adhesion assays, the YIGSR‐PEG‐liposome coated to plastic plates promoted 30% of the specific cell attachment. In competition assays, YIGSR‐PEG‐liposome inhibited the specific attachment of cells to laminin‐1‐coated plates by 25%. Following this, we prepared peptide‐PEG‐liposomes encapsulating adriamycin (ADR). In vitro cytotoxicity assays against HT‐1080 cells gave IC50 values 2.1 times lower for YIGSR‐PEG‐liposomal ADR in comparison to PEAGD‐PEG‐liposomal ADR. The free peptide added in excess increased the IC50 value of YIGSR‐PEG‐liposomal ADR by 72%, while the IC50 value of control liposomal ADR was unaffected, supporting a receptor‐mediated mechanism of targeting. In addition, the lower IC50 value is correlated with a higher total of ADR accumulation in the cells. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 69A: 155–163, 2004
Cape of Storms or Cape of Good Hope? Educational technology in a changing environment
Authors: Czerniewicz Laura 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThis article locates and describes the work of the Multimedia Education Group (MEG) at the University of Cape Town (UCT). This work is contextualised by three national and international challenges, these being (1) the need to increase access to new technologies and overcome the digital divide, (2) the need to respond to a new communication order, and (3) the urgency of transforming higher education in post‐apartheid South Africa. Operating in a fragmented policy environment, MEG has focused on developing educationally appropriate low‐cost interventions, supporting academically disadvantaged students, and understanding the relationship between online and contact educational interventions. MEG's experiences suggest that this kind of emergent work requires new ways of working, contributing to transformation within the institution itself. The work also creates epistemological challenges because it is interdisciplinary and because educational technology is a field that is not yet firmly established.
The Web and information literacy: scaffolding the use of web sources in a project‐based curriculum
Authors: Walton Marion , Archer Arlene 
Published: March 2004

AbstractIn this article we describe and discuss a three‐year case study of a course in web literacy, part of the academic literacy curriculum for first‐year engineering students at the University of Cape Town (UCT). Because they are seen as ‘practical’ knowledge, not theoretical, information skills tend to be devalued at university and rendered invisible to the students. In particular, web‐searching skills are problematic, given the challenges that the Web poses to academic values and traditional research practices. Consequently, the technical skills of web searching are often taught separately from academic curricula or left entirely unaddressed. We illustrate an alternative, integrated approach to the development of this aspect of information literacy. We apply a critical action research methodology to document, evaluate and reflect on students’ use of evaluative frameworks. Focusing on the facilitation of critical and evaluative use of the Web for exploratory learning, we interrogate the role of ‘cultural capital’ and evaluate the effectiveness of the scaffolding provided by the course design. We find important connections between developing knowledge of academic discourse and successful academic use of the Web, and note that, for students to transfer their skills to a range of contexts, these skills will require sustained attention throughout the undergraduate curriculum. We present evidence that the most effective strategies integrate everyday practical knowledge of research techniques with teaching about academic discourse and building students’ knowledge in a specific domain.
Media rich, resource poor: practical work in an impractical environment
Authors: Van Der Vliet Emma , Deacon Andrew 
Published: March 2004

AbstractFilm and media courses appear well placed to exploit technology convergence in exposing students both to practical skills and to theoretical concepts. For the University of Cape Town's (UCT) large film and media studies courses, it is impractical simply to use the technology of professionals as this would typically be too expensive to purchase and time‐consuming to run. Our approach has been to develop activities that can run with large classes in generic computer laboratories and which simulate environments and tools of the real world. Two illustrative examples, emphasising writing skills in context, involve the production of a TV news story and the development of a proposal for an educational soap opera. Using these, we reflect on our experience of integrating practical skills into the curriculum of a traditional academic institution, where these skills have a lower status and must be sufficiently flexible to accommodate changes in the higher‐status academic components. This suggests that such flexibility has to be part of the design of practical interventions and that they should additionally aim to provide a challenge to some of the more theoretical aspects of these courses. While developing one's own interventions allows for some of this flexibility to be incorporated into the design, it remains difficult for academic departments to adopt these solutions as their own, thus requiring continued involvement of the original developers to adapt to changes.
Is the home range concept compatible with the movements of two species of lowland river fish?
Authors: Crook David A. 
Published: March 2004

Summary

Many studies of the movements of riverine fish have found that most individuals are sedentary and occupy very restricted home ranges. Recently, this ‘Restricted Movement Paradigm’ has been challenged and there is currently a need for tests of the home range concept as a theoretical basis for describing the movements of riverine fish. In this paper, I describe a radio‐tracking study of golden perch (Macquaria ambigua) and carp (Cyprinus carpio) in the Broken River, Australia that aims to assess the home range concept as a means of describing the movements of these species.
A random movement analysis and a translocation experiment were conducted to test for site fidelity and home range occupation. Both golden perch and carp exhibited strong site fidelity and occupied restricted home ranges. Carp had larger total home ranges than golden perch, and both species had areas of concentrated use (core areas) within the home range.
Several golden perch and carp exhibited shifts in the locations of their home ranges during the study. To incorporate such shifts into a theoretical framework, a ‘home range shift’ conceptual model is proposed and the need to consider the temporal stability of site fidelity when describing home range movements is discussed.
Metabolic rate models and the substitutability of predator populations
Authors: Chalcraft David R. , Resetarits William J. 
Published: March 2004

SummaryMuch of the debate surrounding the consequences of biodiversity loss centres around the issue of whether different species are functionally similar in their effects on ecological processes. In this study, we examined whether populations consisting of smaller, more abundant individuals are functionally similar to populations of the same species with larger, fewer individuals.We manipulated the biomass and density of banded sunfish (Enneacanthus obesus) and measured their impact on populations of Southern leopard frog (Rana sphenocephala) larvae. We also evaluated the ability of models relating metabolic rate to body size to predict the relative impacts of populations that differ in average body size and population density.Our results indicate that population biomass, density and their interaction each play a large role in determining the effect of a predator population on its food resource. Populations with smaller but more abundant individuals had effects as large or larger than those populations with larger but fewer individuals.Although we found qualitative agreement between the observed relative effects of populations with that predicted by allometric models, we also found that density‐dependence can cause effects of a population to differ from that expected based on allometry.The substitutability of populations differing in average body size appears to depend on complex relationships between metabolic rate, population density and the strength of density‐dependence. The restrictive conditions necessary to establish functional equivalence among different populations of the same species suggests that functional equivalence should be rare in most communities.
Digestively constrained predators evade the cost of interference competition
Authors: Van Gils Jan A. , Piersma Theunis 
Published: March 2004

SummaryModels of functional and aggregative responses generally assume that rates of prey encounter and handling times limit a predator's intake rate (Holling's disc equation). Two different lines of approach build upon this fundamental foraging concept. In the first, mutual interference further constrains intake rate, while in the second, intake rate may be constrained by rate of digestion. By combining both approaches, we come up with four competing models that differ in whether predators interfere and whether they face a digestive constraint.The functional responses expected by these four models are tested experimentally in a medium‐sized shorebird, the red knot (Calidris canutus), fed a shelled prey, the blue mussel (Mytilus edulis). The experimental results suggest that intake rate is constrained by rate of digestion at low bird densities and by interference at high bird densities.Using the experimentally obtained parameters, we predicted aggregative responses for each of the four models, which we verified by using field observations. We found evidence that the combination of interference and digestive constraints similarly governed the aggregative responses of red knots. Compared to the expectations of the models that do not include digestive constraints, red knots fed in lower and more variable prey densities and were generally aggregated in denser flocks. In addition, they were packed twice as densely when feeding on hard‐shelled prey than when feeding on soft‐bodied prey.We suggest that digestive constraints allow red knots to live in dense flocks: if digestion proceeds during interference interactions, the time‐cost of interference may be negligible.
Elective primary caesarean delivery: accuracy of administrative data
Authors: Korst Lisa M. , Gregory Kimberly D. , Gornbein Jeffrey A. 
Published: March 2004

SummaryThe caesarean delivery rate has become a commonly used measure intended to reflect the quality of obstetric care. At least 25% of all primary caesarean deliveries occur electively, i.e. to women who are not in labour. This study is intended to validate a previously published model designed to use ICD‐9‐CM codes to identify and categorise cases of elective primary caesarean delivery by their indication. ICD‐9‐CM codes were compared with diagnoses written in the medical record for all women without a prior caesarean who delivered in the same month in a single hospital to examine the accuracy of the codes for 12 potential elective primary caesarean indications derived by the published model: malpresentation; bleeding; genital herpes; severe hypertension; uterine scar; multiple gestation; macrosomia; unengaged fetus; maternal soft tissue conditions; other hypertensive conditions; prematurity; and chromosomal anomalies.Of 440 eligible women, a total of 26 (5.9%) had an elective primary caesarean by medical record review vs. [27] (6.1%) by administrative data. Using medical record data as the gold standard, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of administrative data for the identification of elective primary caesarean delivery were 73.1%, 98.1%, and 96.6%, respectively. Administrative coding for all of the 12 conditions was highly specific, although wide variability existed in its sensitivity; its accuracy ranged between 83.9% and 100%. These results suggest that, despite widespread use of caesarean delivery rates obtained through administrative data, more experience is needed to determine which obstetric codes may be sufficiently specific, sensitive, or prevalent to serve a monitoring or surveillance function reflecting the quality of obstetrical care. The results support continued efforts to use administrative data to monitor elective primary caesarean delivery.
Estimation of the incidence of sudden infant death syndrome in Korea: using the capture‐recapture method
Authors: Ha Mina , Yoon S. J. , Lee H. Y. , Goh U. Y. , Kim C. H. , Lee Y. S. 
Published: March 2004

SummaryThis study was undertaken to estimate the incidence of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) for 2 years from 1997 to 1998 in Korea. The information on SIDS was obtained from three independent sources, the Korean Medical Insurance Corporation data, data from different medical facilities (Korean surveillance on SIDS) and mortality data from the Korean National Statistical Office. A log linear model with no interactions among the 3 sources was used with the selection criteria of both the Akaike Information Criterion and the Bayesian Information Criterion. The 95% confidence intervals of the estimated number of SIDS deaths were calculated using the goodness‐of‐fit‐method. The estimated number of deaths who were not found in any of the sources was 535, and the estimated total number of SIDS deaths was 759. The 95% confidence interval for estimated total number of patients ranged from 642 to 1522. The estimated rate of SIDS cases was 0.56 per 1000 live births per annum, which is similar to the incidence in the USA or Japan.
Conditional, recombinase‐mediated expression of genes in plant cell cultures
Authors: Joubès Jérôme , De Schutter Kristof , Verkest Aurine , Inzé Dirk , De Veylder Lieven 
Published: March 2004

SummaryIn plant cells, overexpression of critical genes can be hampered by deleterious effects on development that results in a counterselection of transgenic cells harboring the gene of interest. Inducible expression systems have been reported, but many of them show unwanted leaky expression. To circumvent this potential problem, a novel inducible system was developed based on two previously characterized systems: the CRE‐loxP site‐specific recombination system of bacteriophage P1 and the subcellular targeting of proteins by a mammalian glucocorticoid receptor (GR). By fusing the receptor domain of the rat GR to the carboxyl terminus of the CRE recombinase, a double‐lock conditional transcriptional induction system was created that is highly useful to overexpress genes whose expression may block transgenic regeneration. Furthermore, because the designed vector utilizes the GATEWAY™ recombination technology, cloning was restriction‐ and ligation‐free, thus rendering the vector suitable for high‐throughput research. The system was tested in Nicotiana tabacum bright yellow‐2 (BY‐2) cells and its efficiency was demonstrated for the controlled overexpression of the gus reporter gene and a mutant allele of the A‐type cyclin‐dependent kinase (CDKA), which is known to be a potent inhibitor of the cell cycle.
mapman: a user‐driven tool to display genomics data sets onto diagrams of metabolic pathways and other biological processes
Authors: Thimm Oliver , Bläsing Oliver , Gibon Yves , Nagel Axel , Meyer Svenja , Krüger Peter , Selbig Joachim , Müller Lukas A. , Rhee Seung Y. , Stitt Mark 
Published: March 2004

Summary mapman is a user‐driven tool that displays large data sets onto diagrams of metabolic pathways or other processes. SCAVENGER modules assign the measured parameters to hierarchical categories (formed ‘BINs’, ‘subBINs’). A first build of transcriptscavenger groups genes on the Arabidopsis Affymetrix 22K array into >200 hierarchical categories, providing a breakdown of central metabolism (for several pathways, down to the single enzyme level), and an overview of secondary metabolism and cellular processes. metabolitescavenger groups hundreds of metabolites into pathways or groups of structurally related compounds. An imageannotator module uses these groupings to organise and display experimental data sets onto diagrams of the users' choice. A modular structure allows users to edit existing categories, add new categories and develop SCAVENGER modules for other sorts of data. mapman is used to analyse two sets of 22K Affymetrix arrays that investigate the response of Arabidopsis rosettes to low sugar: one investigates the response to a 6‐h extension of the night, and the other compares wild‐type Columbia‐0 (Col‐0) and the starchless pgm mutant (plastid phosphoglucomutase) at the end of the night. There were qualitatively similar responses in both treatments. Many genes involved in photosynthesis, nutrient acquisition, amino acid, nucleotide, lipid and cell wall synthesis, cell wall modification, and RNA and protein synthesis were repressed. Many genes assigned to amino acid, nucleotide, lipid and cell wall breakdown were induced. Changed expression of genes for trehalose metabolism point to a role for trehalose‐6‐phosphate (Tre6P) as a starvation signal. Widespread changes in the expression of genes encoding receptor kinases, transcription factors, components of signalling pathways, proteins involved in post‐translational modification and turnover, and proteins involved in the synthesis and sensing of cytokinins, abscisic acid (ABA) and ethylene revealing large‐scale rewiring of the regulatory network is an early response to sugar depletion.
Decomposition of Model Compounds of Phenol Resin Waste with Supercritical Water
Authors: Tagaya Hideyuki , Suzuki Yu-ichi , Kadokawa Jun-ichi , Karasu Masa , Chiba Koji 
Published: March 2004

Abstract
Model compounds of phenol resin waste such as prepolymers and substiuted diphenylmethanes were decomposed into their monomers by the reaction at from 300 to 430 °C with water in 10 ml tubing bomb reactor. The decomposition reactions were accelerated by the addition of alkali salts such as Na2CO3.
The Novel Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Materials Composed of Phenolic Resin and Silica
Authors: Haraguchi Kazutoshi , Usami Yusho 
Published: March 2004

Abstract
Organic-inorganic hybrid materials composed of phenolic resin and silica were prepared by in-situ polymerization of silicon alkoxides in phenolic resin matrix. The hybrid materials showed uniform morphology with very fine dispersion of silica. The transparency of the hybrid, the size of incorporated silica particles and its interface with matrix resin could be controlled. The uniform hybrid materials showed excellent improvements in mechanical properties.
Mild Esterification and Transesterification of Carboxylic Acids Catalyzed by Tetracyanoethylene and Dicyanoketene Dimethyl Acetal
Authors: Masaki Yukio , Tanaka Nobuyuki , Miura Tsuyoshi 
Published: March 2004

Abstract
A π-acid tetracyanoethylene (TCNE) and its derivative dicyanoketene dimethyl acetal (DCKDMA) were found to catalyze esterification of lauric acid with various types of alcohols. This mathod was successfully applied to methyl esterification of a variety of carboxylic acids including aromatic, α,β-unsaturated, α-hydroxy, and N-Cbz and N-Boc-protected α-amino acids without racemization at the range from room temperature to 60 °C. TCNE was also found to operate as a catalyst in transesterification reaction of methyl laurate.
Rotational Isomers of a 1,2-Diphenyl-3,4-diphosphinidenecyclobutene
Authors: Yoshifuji Masaaki , Ichikawa Yoshito , Toyota Kozo , Kasashima Eiji , Okamoto Yoshio 
Published: March 2004

Abstract
The group-6 metal tetracarbonyl complexes of 3,4-diphosphinidenecyclobutenes protected with the 2,4-di-t-butyl-6-methylphenyl group were prepared and one of the rotamers, ligated with W(CO)4, was confirmed by X-ray analysis while the other was analyzed by a chiral HPLC column.
Reaction of Tris(2-aminoethyl)amine Coordinated to Lanthanum(III) and Gadolinium(III) with Salicylaldehyde
Authors: Kanesato Masatoshi , Yokoyama Toshiro , Suzuki Toshishige M 
Published: March 2004

Abstract
Reaction of tris(2-aminoethyl)amine coordinated to lanthanum(III) and gadolinium(III) with salicylaldehyde afforded Schiff-base complexes of tris[2-(salicylideneamino)ethyl] amine. In this reaction, a lanthanum(III) complex, which was supposed to be a reaction intermediate, was also obtained and characterized by X-ray crystallography. However, such a reaction intermediate of gadolinium(III) complex was not isolated under similar conditions. This difference was applied to the mutual separation of lanthanum(III) and gadolinium(III).
Preparation of Comb-like Organoboron Polymer Electrolyte without Generation of Salt
Authors: Matsumi Noriyoshi , Mizumo Tomonobu , Ohno Hiroyuki 
Published: March 2004

Abstract
Comb-like organoboron polymer electrolytes bearing oligo(ethylene oxide) units both in main chain and side chain were prepared without genaration of salt, by means of dehydrocoupling polymerization of triethyleneglycol with hydroborane monomer having oligo(ethylene oxide) tail.
The Robes of Womanhood: Dress and Authenticity among African American Methodist Women in the Nineteenth Century
Authors: Klassen Pamela E. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractScholars of American religion are increasingly attentive to material culture as a rich source for the analysis of religious identity and practice that is especially revealing of the relationships among doctrine, bodily comportment, social structures, and innovation. In line with this focus, this article analyses the ways nineteenth-century African American Methodist women turned to dress as a tool to communicate religious and political messages. Though other nineteenth-century Protestants also made use of the communicative powers of dress, African American women did so with a keen awareness of the ways race trumped clothing in the semiotic system of nineteenth-century America. Especially for women entering into public fora as preachers and public speakers, dress could act as a passport to legitimacy in an often hostile setting, but it was not always enough to establish oneself as a Christian lady. Considering the related traditions of plain dress and respectability within the African Methodist Episcopal (AME) church, this essay finds that AME women cultivated respectability and plainness within discourses of authenticity that tried—with some ambivalence—to use dress as a marker of the true soul beneath the fabric. Based primarily on the autobiographical and journalistic writings of women such as Jarena Lee, Amanda Berry Smith, Hallie Q. Brown, and Frances Ellen Watkins Harper, as well as accounts from AME publications such as theChristian Recorderand theChurch Review, and other church documents, the essay also draws on the work of historians of African American women and historians of dress and material culture. For nineteenth-century AME women, discourses of authenticity could be both a burden and a resource, but either way they were discourses that were often remarkably critical, both of selfmotivation and of cultural markers of class, race, and gender in a world that made a fetish of whiteness.