bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vivo genotoxic effect of cadmium chloride in mice leukocytes using comet assay
Authors: Devi K. Dana , Banu B. Saleha , Mahboob M. , Jamil Kaiser , Grover Paramjit 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) or “comet” assay under alkaline conditions was used to measure DNA damage in the leukocytes of Swiss Albino male mice exposed to cadmium chloride (CdCl2). The effect of CdCl2 was studied after a single acute oral administration of a range of doses starting from 0.5 to 128.0 mg/kg b.wt of CdCl2.The samples of whole blood were collected from each mouse at 24, 48, 72, and 96 h post‐treatment to study single/double strand breaks in DNA. A significant increase in mean comet tail length indicating DNA damage was observed with CdCl2 at 24 h post‐treatment (P<0.05) with CdCl2 when compared to controls. A gradual decrease in the mean tail length was observed at 48 h post‐treatment indicating repair of the damaged DNA. The mean tail length showed a dose‐related increase and time‐dependent decrease after treatment with CdCl2 when compared to controls. The study also confirms that the comet assay is a sensitive and rapid method to detect DNA damage caused by heavy metal like Cadmium (Cd). Teratogenesis Carcinog. Mutagen. 21:325–333, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Outcome of Major Hepatectomy with Pancreatoduodenectomy for Advanced Biliary Malignancies
Authors: Miyagawa Shinichi , Makuuchi Masatoshi , Kawasaki Seiji , Hayashi Ken , Harada Haruhisa , Kitamura Hiroshi , Seki Hitoshi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn patients with advanced biliary malignancies a chance of curability is obtained by performing only major hepatectomy with concomitant pancreatoduodenectomy. This aggressive procedure carries two major risks: hepatic failure and pancreatic anastomotic leakage. Ten patients with advanced biliary malignancies were treated by major hepatectomy with pancreatoduodenectomy. Nine patients underwent right portal venous embolization before hepatectomy. Complete external drainage of pancreatic juice followed by second‐stage pancreatojejunostomy was performed in five patients. Three of these five underwent concomitant resection of the hepatic artery, portal vein, or both. Pancreatogastrostomy was chosen for five patients who required no concomitant vascular resection. There were no hospital deaths or hepatic failures. Leaks from pancreatogastrostomy occurred in two patients. In five patients who underwent external drainage of pancreatic juice, there were no complications related to the pancreatic stump, although one had ischemic necrosis of the jejunal segment and laparotomy was repeated. Mean survival time was 31.8 months (range 13–59 months). Portal venous embolization and complete external drainage of pancreatic juice followed by late stage pancreatojejunostomy are recommended surgical procedures for patients undergoing major hepatectomy with pancreatoduodenectomy, especially when concomitant vascular resection is required for curative resection of the tumor in patients with a soft pancreatic parenchyma and thin pancreatic duct.
Surgical treatment of infected necrosis
Authors: Rau B. , Uhl W. , Buchler M. W. , Beger H. G. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractOver the years, experience has shown that the cornerstone for improved survival in patients with infected pancreatic necrosis is an early, precise diagnosis followed by adequate drainage combined with modern intensive care management. In experienced hands, this goal can be achieved with different surgical approaches, provided that all septic collections are thoroughly removed and that reexploration is performed promptly if there is evidence of ongoing sepsis. If there is any concept preferable, and under what conditions, future large‐scale randomized trials with precise and comparable patient stratification will have to demonstrate it.
Management of Pancreatic Lesions in von Hippel‐Lindau Disease
Authors: Cheng Tsung‐Yen , Su Cheng‐Hsi , Shyr Yi‐Ming , Lui Wing‐Yiu 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTwelve patients with von Hippel‐Lindau disease were collected in our institute from 1981 to 1995. All had a family history of the disease. Eleven patients underwent abdominal computed tomography, sonography, or angiographic studies. Ten had pancreatic involvement that included cystic lesions in nine and a solid lesion in one. Seven patients were asymptomatic. Another three presented with obstructive jaundice or upper gastrointestinal (UGI) bleeding. Except for case 8, who died of a central nervous system complication soon after diagnosis of the pancreatic lesion, the other patients had been found to have pancreatic involvement for a variable period of time, ranging from 1 to 13 years (median 5 years). Serous cystadenoma was proved pathologically in two with cystic lesions, and pancreatic endocrine tumor was diagnosed in one with a solid mass. One patient (case 1) underwent biliary bypass due to obstructive jaundice and died of cholangitis and pneumonia 6 years later. One patient (case 3) had total pancreatectomy and lived well with good diabetic control for more than 5 years. The patient with a solid lesion was explored because of repeated UGI bleeding. Surgical resection was impossible owing to advanced tumor with vascular involvement, and a pancreatic endocrine tumor was diagnosed pathologically. He was followed for 1 year. The other seven patients remained asymptomatic during the successive follow‐up period. From a literature review and our own experience, we suggest that conservative measures are adequate for the cystic lesions; however, aggressive resection is mandatory for a solid pancreatic lesion in von Hippel‐Lindau disease.
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy: Model of a Severe Regional Inflammatory Response Syndrome
Authors: Goris R. Jan A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and acute reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome (RSD) share clinical signs of severe inflammation, a protracted course, and a similar problem of impaired oxygen utilization. The difference is that SIRS patients have these signs and symptoms systemically and are severely ill in the intensive care unit (ICU), whereas acute RSD patients are in good health and their problems are limited to one extremity. Both conditions seem to be the result of an exaggerated inflammatory response. As RSD patients have a healthy contralateral extremity, they may be their own control in various flux studies. It is hypothesized that this situation is exquisitely suitable for studying the pathophysiology of severe inflammatory responses in humans. Only a few patients are required to perform studies of, for example, oxygen metabolism and cytokine or oxygen radical production. Assessment methods may be utilized, such as nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, which cannot easily be performed in ICU patients.
Laparoscopic Surgery: A Pioneer's Point of View
Authors: Périssat Jacques 
Published: August 2002

AbstractFor a surgeon who performed some of the first laparoscopic cholecystectomies, laparoscopic surgery is undoubtedly the main revolution in the last decade of this century. It is impossible not to be fascinated by the extraordinary changes introduced in our profession in less than 10 years. However, looking back in history, one realizes that laparoscopy is but one of those leaps forward that have always punctuated the evolution of our profession. Since the last century we have witnessed the advent of painless surgery, infectionless surgery, reconstructive surgery, microsurgery, surgery under extracorporeal circulation, organ replacement, and so on. We are in the time of scarless surgery, with no lengthy postoperative handicap. Maybe tomorrow will see surgery performed by remote‐controlled robots and surgery at the molecule level. The laparoscopic revolution is particularly important because for the first time surgery no longer involves any physical contact between the surgeon's hand and the patient. Let us hope that this will not lead to total absence of a human relationship in the surgical operation. To avoid this possibility we must remain resolutely involved in the development of laparoscopic surgery; we must keep our minds open to the future advances of science and technology and integrate them in our operative procedures.
Review of Arterial Vascular Ultrasound
Authors: Phillips Gareth W.L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDuplex ultrasound (US) is established as having a major role in the assessment of both extracranial carotid disease and lower limb graft surveillance. It is also of considerable value in the assessment of lower limb ischemia when used in conjunction with clinical and pressure measurements, and in the monitoring of abdominal aneurysms. Its many other arterial applications are of interest but are currently less well defined. The impact of power Doppler, contrast agents, harmonic imaging, and 3‐dimensional reconstruction techniques is yet to be fully appreciated.
Axillary Lymph Nodes in Breast Cancer: Is Size Related to Metastatic Involvement?
Authors: Obwegeser Reinhard , Lorenz Katharina , Hohlagschwandtner Maria , Czerwenka Klaus , Schneider Barbara , Kubista Ernst 
Published: August 2002

Abstract.Usually when using imaging procedures, such as axillary mammography or ultrasonography, a cutoff level of 5 mm for lymph node size is postulated to be not only the limit of lymph node visibility but also a sign of metastatic involvement. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether this assumption, used as a basic hypothesis in many reports, is true. A series of 72 axillary specimens from 71 breast carcinoma patients operated at the university hospital of Vienna were analyzed. A comparison of histologically noninvolved axillary specimens with those showing metastatic involvement revealed that the two groups did not differ significantly according to the number or size of lymph nodes per axilla. For lymph nodes <5 mm the probability of being metastatically involved was still 10%. Enlarged lymph nodes (5–20 mm) had a slightly higher risk of being malignant (20%). In contrast, the probability of metastatic involvement for lymph nodes >20 mm was only 40%. We suggest that many reports dealing with the prediction of malignancy in axillary lymph nodes may have used misleading basic assumptions, so the results of these studies must be viewed critically.
Arthroscopic Removal of Dorsoproximal Chip Fractures of the Proximal Phalanx in Standing Horses
Authors: Elce Yvonne A. , Richardson Dean W. 
Published: August 2002

Objective—To report a technique for, and outcome after, arthroscopic removal of dorsoproximal chip fractures of a proximal phalanx in standing horses.Study design—Retrospective study.Animals or sample population—A total of 104 horses, 1 to 13 years of age, with a dorsoproximal chip fracture of a proximal phalanx.Methods—Horses were restrained in standing stocks and sedated with intravenous xylazine, detomidine, or a combination of both drugs. Local analgesia was achieved with 2% mepivacaine administered intra‐articularly and by subcutaneous infiltration in a crescent‐shaped block dorsal to the fetlock. Sterile drapes were placed on the surgical field, and impervious drapes were used on the hoof and floor. Arthroscopic portals were created in the dorsal pouch of the metacarpophalangeal or metatarsophalangeal joints to remove chip fractures. Statistical analysis was performed on race records for all Thoroughbred racehorses and compared with previously published studies. Operative and hospitalization times were compared with those of the general hospital population, and risks associated with general anesthesia were examined.Results—No major operative or postoperative complications occurred. Ninety‐one percent of racehorses raced after surgery with 78% returning to race at the same or higher level.Conclusion—Standing arthroscopic surgery can be performed successfully to remove dorsoproximal chip fractures of the proximal phalanx.Clinical relevance—Standing arthroscopic surgery is a valid alternative treatment for experienced surgeons to avoid the expense and potential risks associated with general anesthesia.
Laparoscopic Cryptorchidectomy Using Electrosurgical Instrumentation in Standing Horses
Authors: Hanrath Monique , Rodgerson Dwayne H. 
Published: August 2002

Objective—To describe a technique for laparoscopic cryptorchidectomy in standing horses using electrosurgical instrumentation.Study design—Retrospective clinical study.Animals or sample population—Ten horses, 1 to 7 years of age, with unilaterally or bilaterally retained testes.Methods—Food was withheld for a minimum of 12 to 24 hours. Horses were sedated using xylazine hydrochloride (0.5 to 1 mg/kg) and butorphanol tartrate (0.02 mg/kg) or detomidine hydrochloride (0.02 to 0.03 mg/kg) and restrained in standing stocks. Three portal sites in the paralumbar fossae were locally desensitized using 2% mepivacaine. After trocar and laparoscope insertion, the ipsilateral testicle, mesorchium, and ductus deferens were identified. The cranial mesorchium was coagulated with either monopolar (one horse) or bipolar (nine horses) electrosurgical forceps, and then the mesorchium, ductus deferens, and ligament of the tail of the epididymis were transected from cranial to caudal using laparoscopic scissors. Once the testis was freed, the transected mesorchium was inspected for hemorrhage and the testis was removed by connecting the two instrument portals (eight horses). In two horses, the testis was placed within a laparoscopic retrieval bag and then removed without enlarging the portal incision. If the testes were retained bilaterally, the retained contralateral testis was removed similarly through the opposite paralumbar fossa. If the contralateral testis was descended, it was removed by a standard, standing castration technique.Results—Vessels of the mesorchium were adequately coagulated using bipolar and monopolar electrosurgical forceps. No immediate or short‐term complications occurred in 10 horses at 3 to 11 months after surgery.Conclusion—Standing laparoscopic cryptorchidectomy can be performed easily and safely using electrosurgical instrumentation as the sole means of providing hemostasis of the equine mesorchium.Clinical relevance—Standing laparoscopic cryptorchidectomy using electrosurgical instrumentation provides a safe, reliable, and efficient alternative to achieve hemostasis of the equine mesorchium.
Therapeutic plasma exchange in Mexico: Experience from a single institution
Authors: Lazo‐Langner Alejandro , Espinosa‐Poblano Irma , Tirado‐Cárdenas Nelly , Ramírez‐Arvizu Patricia , López‐Salmorán Josefa , Peñaloza‐Ramírez Paula , Sánchez‐Guerrero Sergio A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractInformation about therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) in developing countries is lacking. We report our experience with TPE performed for different indications during a 7‐year period. We reviewed all TPE procedures performed in our institution during a 7‐year period. Patients were divided in four groups according to the following indications: thrombotic microangiopathies (TM), myasthenia gravis (MG), polyneuropathies (PNP), and miscellaneous indications (MI). Clinical outcome (CO) and complications were evaluated. Eighty‐seven procedures were carried out in 81 patients, for a total of 376 TPE sessions. Eighty‐two procedures were analyzed for CO. In the group of TM we had 65% overall response rate (ORR): 35% complete response (CR) and 30% partial response (PR). Six (28.6%) patients died in this group. In the MG group we had 90% ORR: 69% CR and 21% PR. In the PNP group we had 78% ORR: 56% CR and 22% PR. In the MI group we had 92% ORR: 59% CR and 33% PR. We observed 47 adverse reactions in 40 (46%) procedures performed in 38 (47%) patients. This represented 12.5% of sessions. We had seven major complications leading to TPE discontinuation; this represented 8% of the procedures and 1.8% of sessions. One patient (0.2%) died during TPE. Our overall results are acceptable. In the TM group our results are somewhat lower than in other published reports, but in MG and PNP our results are similar to other published reports. Our complication rate is similar to that reported by others. Careful selection of patients and protocols is crucial to achieve maximum benefit from TPE programs in countries where plasmapheresis facilities are not widely available. Am. J. Hematol. 70:16–21, 2002.
A critique of the grandmother hypotheses: Old and new
Authors: Peccei Jocelyn Scott 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe singularity of reproductive senescence in human females has led many investigators to consider menopause an adaptation permitting increased maternal investment in existing progeny. Much of the focus has been on the grandmother hypothesis—the notion that aging women gain an inclusive fitness advantage from investing in their grandchildren. This hypothesis has evolved from an explanation for menopause into an explanation for the exceptionally long postreproductive lifespan in human females. In the old grandmother hypothesis, menopause is an adaptation facilitating grandmothering; it is about stopping early in order to create a postreproductive lifespan. In the new grandmother hypothesis, grandmothering is an adaptation facilitating increased longevity, and menopause is a byproduct. This paper reviews and critically evaluates the evidence for and against both hypotheses, focusing on key predictions of each. If menopause is the result of selection for increased maternal investment, this involved mainly mothers, not grandmothers. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 13:434–452, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Psychophysiology of work: Stress, gender, endocrine response, and work‐related upper extremity disorders*
Authors: Lundberg Ulf 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundMental stress may induce muscle tension and has been proposed to contribute to the development of work related upper extremity disorders (WRUEDs) by driving low threshold motor units into degenerative processes by overload.Methods and ResultsMeasurements of perceived stress, catecholamines, blood pressure, and heart rate are associated with stress induced elevation of trapezius electromyographic activity. In repetitive tasks, where WRUEDs are common, psychophysiological arousal is generally high both during and after work. A possible explanation of the high prevalence of WRUEDs among women could be that women often are performing repetitive tasks and are exposed to additional stress from unpaid work.ConclusionsIt is concluded that both physical and psychosocial work conditions may contribute to WRUEDs by inducing physiological stress and muscle tension. Am. J. Ind. Med. 41:383–392, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Asthma and other respiratory symptoms in New Zealand pine processing sawmill workers
Authors: Douwes Jeroen , McLean Dave , Slater Tania , Pearce Neil 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundTo study respiratory symptoms in pine sawmill workers.MethodsA respiratory health questionnaire was administered to 772 pine sawmill workers and the association between symptoms and job‐title‐based exposure was studied.ResultsAsthma in exposed workers (18%, n = 704) was more common than in the general population (12.1%, n = 592; adjusted OR (95% CI): 1.6 (1.1–2.3)). Asthma was also more common in the low exposure group (15.6%, n = 294) and high exposure groups (high exposure to ‘green dust’; 20.4%, n = 212 and high exposure to ‘dry dust’; 18.8%, n = 198) than in the non‐exposed workers (9.2%, n = 65). Adjusted odds ratios were 1.9 (0.7–4.9), 2.7 (0.9–7.6), and 2.1 (0.8–5.7), respectively. Adjusted odds ratios for symptoms of cough were 2.7 (1.2–6.5) for the low, 5.2 (2.1–13.0) for the high ‘green dust’ and 3.3 (1.4–7.9) for the high ‘dry dust’ exposure groups. Moreover, eye and nose irritations were significantly more prevalent in the high and low exposure groups.ConclusionsWorking in pine sawmilling is associated with an increased prevalence of asthma and cough symptoms and eye and nose irritation. Am. J. Ind. Med. 39:608–615, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Combined use of PRINS and FISH in the study of the dystrophin gene
Authors: Cinti Caterina , Stuppia Liborio , Maraldi Nadir Mario 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe efficacy of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) may be limited in specific applications by low‐resolution sensitivity. Primed in situ labeling (PRINS) is based on specific hybridization of an unlabeled oligonucleotide with a denatured template and synthesis of a single‐strand DNA in situ. This method may represent a powerful alternative to FISH for gene mapping because of its ability to generate multiple independent signals within the same gene segment. We investigated the specificity of signals produced by a modified PRINS protocol combining a centromeric probe for the X‐chromosome with specific primers for 3′‐ and 5′‐terminal regions of the dystrophin gene. In approximately 70% of nuclei from male and female subjects, we detected one or two large signals (X‐chromosome centromere) and two or four smaller signals (the two regions of the dystrophin gene). Specific hybridization of the oligonucleotides on Xp was demonstrated by localization of the smaller (dystrophin) and larger (X‐centromere) signals on the same chromosome. Simultaneous hybridization with a centromeric probe and gene‐specific oligonucleotides allowed localization of PRINS signals, and assessment of the specificity of the primers used for hybridization. This approach could facilitate identification of female carriers of small intragenic deletions in the dystrophin gene. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A combination of physical examination and ECG detects the majority of hemodynamically significant heart defects in neonates with Down syndrome
Authors: Shashi Vandana , Berry Margaret N. , Covitz Wesley 
Published: August 2002

AbstractEchocardiography has become the method of choice in the diagnosis of a congenital heart defect (CHD) in neonates with Down syndrome. The most compelling argument for diagnosis of CHD in the neonatal period is the need for early surgical intervention (ideally prior to 6 months of age) in those with a complete atrioventricular (AV) canal. We evaluated the efficacy of a combined approach of physical examination (PE) and electrocardiography (ECG) in the detection of CHD in 49 neonates with Down syndrome. Our findings indicate that most hemodynamically significant defects (78%), especially a complete AV canal, can be detected by this approach. Hemodynamically insignificant minor defects, such as a small patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and a small atrial septal defect (ASD), may be missed. Thus, echocardiography remains the most sensitive way to diagnose CHD. However, given that the combination of PE and ECG detects the majority of complete AV canal defects, it can be used as an alternative approach when echocardiography is not easily accessible, due to geographic or economic constraints. Follow‐up after a few weeks of those with normal PE and ECG findings should enable detection of new symptoms and signs and evolving ECG findings that may have been missed in the immediate newborn period. Patients who are judged by PE and ECG to have CHD will need echocardiographic confirmation. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.