bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploiting nuclear duality of ciliates to analyse topological requirements for DNA replication and transcription
Authors: Postberg Jan , Alexandrova Olga , Cremer Thomas , Lipps Hans J. 
Published: August 2005

Spatial and temporal replication patterns are used to describe higher-order chromatin organisation from nuclei of early metazoan to mammalian cells. Here we demonstrate evolutionary conserved similarities and differences in replication patterns of micronuclei and macronuclei in the spirotrichous ciliate Stylonychia lemnae. Since this organism possesses two kinds of morphologically and functionally different nuclei in one cell, it provides an excellent model system to analyse topological requirements for DNA replication and transcription.Replication in the heterochromatic micronucleus occurs in foci-like structures showing spatial and temporal patterns similar to nuclei of higher eukaryotes, demonstrating that these patterns are inherent features of nuclear architecture. The `nanochromosomes' of the macronucleus are replicated in the propagating replication band. We show that it consists of hundreds of replication foci. Post-replicative macronuclear chromatin remains organised in foci. These foci are not randomly distributed throughout the macronucleus, indicating a higher-order organisation of macronuclear chromatin above the level of `nanochromosomes'. Both telomerase and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) occur as foci-like structures in the rear zone of the replication band, suggesting that a wave of chromatin modification driven by a short or continuous exogenous signal permits the assembly of replication factories at predicted sites. We further show that transcription occurs at discrete sites colocalised with putative nucleoli and dispersed chromatin.Common principles of functional nuclear architecture were conserved during eukaryotic evolution. Moreover nuclear duality inherent to ciliates with their germline micronucleus and their somatic macronucleus may eventually provide further insight into epigenetic regulation of transcription, replication and nuclear differentiation.
Counting the Number of Fluorophores Labeled in Biomolecules by Observing the Fluorescence-Intensity Transient of a Single Molecule
Authors: Park Mira , Kim Hyong-Ha , Kim Dongho , Song Nam Woong 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
By using the single molecule detection (SMD) technique based on laser scanning fluorescence microscopy, we have developed a method to count the number of labeled fluorophores in a single biomolecule. The number of labeled fluorophores in an individual molecule was measured by counting the number of discrete level jumps in the fluorescence-intensity transients, or Gaussian fitting of the fluorescence-intensity histogram. The instabilities of intensity transients due to humid environments of biomolecules were minimized by optimizing the matrix materials and sample-preparation condition and adding a strong triplet quencher, AET (2-aminoethanethiol). After validating the counting method and estimating the counting uncertainties through observations of a well-defined number of fluorophores, the distribution of the number of incorporated fluorophores in a DNA strand was observed. The advantages in biological analysis by using a single-molecule fluorescence technique have been considered.
Structural Change and Hydrophobic Interaction as Related to Unusual Stability Constants of Copper(II) Complexes with 2,2′-Bipyridyl and Substituted 1,10-Phenanthrolines
Authors: Tanaka Motoharu 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
Unusual values of K1 and K2 for the formation of complexes CuL2 with L = 2,2′-bipyridyl (bpy) and substituted 1,10-phenanthrolines (phen) have been discussed in relation to the structural change from CuL to CuL2 and the hydrophobic interaction between the coordinated ligands. The free energy for the structural change from the distorted octahedral CuL2 to the trigonal bipyramidal CuL2 has been estimated to be 0.80 (−4.5 kJ mol−1) for L = bpy and 0.47 (−2.7 kJ mol−1) for L = phen.
Structures of Bimetallic Assemblies Derived from a Macrocyclic Dinuclear Copper(II) Complex and [Cr(ox)3]3− or [Co(CN)6]3−
Authors: Miyazato Yuji , Ohba Masaaki , Okawa Hisashi 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
A dinuclear copper(II) complex, [Cu2(L)](ClO4)2, of the macrocyclic ligand (H2L) derived from the [2:2] condensation of 2,6-diformyl-4-methylphenol and 1,3-diaminopropane, was reacted with [Cr(ox)3]3− and [Co(CN)6]3− to produce [Cu2(L)]3[Cr(ox)3]2·6MeOH (1) of a discrete octanuclear structure and [Cu2(L)]3[Co(CN)6]2·6MeOH·2DMF (2) of a 2-D grid structure, respectively.
A Remarkable Effect of Bases on the Catalytic Radical Addition of Cyanoacetates to Alkenes Using a Mn(II)/Co(II)/O2 Redox System
Authors: Kagayama Takashi , Fuke Takahiro , Sakaguchi Satoshi , Ishii Yasutaka 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
A remarkable addition effect of bases, like AcOK, was observed in the radical addition of cyanoacetates to alkenes catalyzed by a Mn(II)/Co(II)/O2 redox system. Thus, a carbon radical from ethyl cyanoacetate could be catalytically generated by adding AcOK to the Mn(II)/Co(II)/O2 redox system, even at room temperature, and the resulting carbon radical readily added to 1-octene to give an adduct, ethyl 2-cyanodecanoate, in good yield, while no reaction took place at all in the absence of AcOK. Ethyl cyanoacetate added smoothly to a variety of alkenes under mild conditions in the presence of a base to lead to the corresponding adducts in fair-to-good yields. It is reasonable to assume that the base added accelerated the deprotonation from a transient carbocation intermediate generated by the one-electron oxidation of ethyl cyanoacetate by the Mn(III) ion. This method provides an alternative route to alkylation of cyanoacetates under mild conditions.
Oxidative Polymerization in Water to Form Sulfoalkoxy Poly(phenylene oxide)s
Authors: Saito Kei , Masuyama Toru , Nishide Hiroyuki 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
The oxidative polymerization of sulfonatopropoxyphenols in alkaline water, along with the easy monomer preparation, provided a simple and atom economical way to prepare sulfoalkoxy-pendant poly(phenylene oxide)s. The polymerization in alkaline water reduced the oxidation potential of the sulfonated phenols, and produced water-soluble polymers. The polymers produced a transparent, tough, and flexible membrane, which showed high thermal stability and proton conductivity.
Azide Compounds: Nitrogen Sources for Atom-efficient and Ecologically Benign Nitrogen-atom-transfer Reactions
Authors: Katsuki Tsutomu 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
Azide compounds that are readily available and easily manageable, are desirable nitrogen sources for nitrogen-atom-transfer reactions such as aziridination and sulfimidation, in terms of atom-efficiency and ecological benignity. Recent development of catalysts has allowed some of these reactions to be carried out in a highly stereocontrolled manner under mild reaction conditions. This article describes recent progress in such nitrogen-atom-transfer reactions.
A Novel TiO2-pillared Microporous Manganese Oxide
Authors: Liu Zong-Huai , Tang Xiuhua , Zhang Chengxiao , Zhou Qing 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
A novel TiO2-pillared microporous manganese oxide was first synthesized by preliminary expanding the interlayer of birnessite-type manganese oxide using dodecylamine, followed by TiO2 pillaring and subsequent heat treatment.
Interfacial Fabrication of Silica Hollow Particles in a Reverse Emulsion System
Authors: Song Linyong , Ge Xuewu , Zhang Zhicheng 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
Silica hollow particles were prepared at room temperature in a reverse emulsion system (W/O emulsion) via interfacial strategy. The cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and aliphatic amine were found to be critical factors for the production of hollow structure.
A Clean Procedure for the Synthesis of Chromeno[4,3-b]benzo[f]quinoline and Quinolino[4,3-b]benzo[f]quinoline Derivatives in Aqueous Media
Authors: Wang Xiang-Shan , Zhang Mei-Mei , Zeng Zhao-Sen , Shi Da-Qing , Tu Shu-Jiang , Wei Xian-Yong , Zong Zhi-Min 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
A short and simple synthesis of chromeno[4,3-b]benzo[f]quinoline and quinolino[4,3-b]benzo[f]quinoline derivatives were accomplished in high yields via the reaction of N-benzilidenenaphthalen-2-amine and 4-hydroxycoumarin or 4-hydroxyquinolin-2-one in aqueous media catalyzed by TEBAC. The structures were established by spectroscopic data and further confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis.
Assessment of the criteria for elective surgery in screen-detected abdominal aortic aneurysms
Authors: Scott R Alan P , Kim Lois G , Ashton Hilary A ,   Multi-centre Aneurysm Screening Study Group
Published: August 2005

Objectives: Apart from aortic diameter, two other widely used criteria for considering surgery in screen-detected abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) - annual aortic expansion ≥1.0 cm and presence of symptoms attributable to the AAA 0 are based on accepted practice and AAA expansion rates, rather than direct evidence. The Multi-centre Aneurysm Screening Study (MASS) enables assessment of their contribution to this risk reduction. Methods: MASS employs three criteria for referral for considering elective open surgery: maximum aortic diameter ≥5.5 cm, rapid aortic expansion (≥1.0 cm/year), and/or the presence of symptoms attributable to the AAA. Data from MASS are used to examine the value of these criteria in practice. Results: No patients were referred for symptoms alone. Of those referred for rapid expansion, 88% were returned to surveillance, compared with only 12% of those referred for diameter ≥5.5 cm at initial scan, and 34% of those referred for diameter ≥5.5 cm at a follow-up scan. Return to surveillance following referral for rapid expansion was strongly associated with aortic diameter (age-adjusted odds ratio for return 0.89 per mm, 95% confidence interval 0.79-1.00). Of those 5.0-5.4 cm at the time of referral for rapid expansion who were returned, 31% reached 5.5 cm during a median post-referral follow-up of 0.9 years. Among those referred for expansion, the rupture rate was only 8 per 1000 person-years of follow-up prior to reaching 5.5 cm. Conclusions: A single criterion for considering elective surgery is recommended in screen-detected AAA, based on a maximum aortic diameter of ≥5.5 cm. This criterion detects the majority of those at risk from rupture, and is simple to assess.
The role of sex hormones in the kinetics of chondrocytes in the growth plate
Authors: Irie T. , Aizawa T. , Kokubun S. 
Published: August 2005

Sex hormones play important roles in the regulation of the proliferation, maturation and death of chondrocytes in the epiphyseal growth plate. We have investigated the effects of male castration on the cell kinetics of chondrocytes as defined by the numbers of proliferating and dying cells. The growth plates of normal rabbits and animals castrated at eight weeks of age were obtained at 10, 15, 20 and 25 weeks of age.Our study suggested that castration led to an increase in apoptosis and a decrease in the proliferation of chondrocytes in the growth plate. In addition, the number of chondrocytes in the castrated rabbits was less than that of normal animals of the same age.
Non-vascularised fibular transfer in the management of defects of long bones after sequestrectomy in children
Authors: Steinlechner C. W. B. , Mkandawire N. C. 
Published: August 2005

The management of chronic osteomyelitis requires the excision of necrotic and infected material followed by the prolonged administration of antibiotics. Sequestrectomy may be required before an involucrum has formed, resulting in a longitudinal bone defect. This can be difficult to fill. Vascularised grafts are complicated by a high rate of recurrent infection and thrombosis. We have managed defects of long bones in children after sequestrectomy by the use of non-vascularised fibular grafts harvested subperiosteally and held by an intramedullary Kirschner wire. Eight children underwent this procedure. In six the tibia was involved and in one each the humerus and radius. One patient was lost to follow-up. Six grafts united at both ends within 12 weeks. The seventh developed an infected nonunion distally which united after further debridement. One patient required a further sequestrectomy which did not compromise union. We have found this to be a straightforward technique with reliable results and were able to salvage the limb in all the seven patients who were reviewed.
Resorbable cement for the augmentation of internally-fixed unstable trochanteric fractures
Authors: Mattsson P. , Alberts A. , Dahlberg G. , Sohlman M. , Hyldahl H. C. , Larsson S. 
Published: August 2005

We undertook a multicentre, prospective study of a series of 112 unstable trochanteric fractures in order to evaluate if internal fixation with a sliding screw device combined with augmentation using a calcium phosphate degradable cement (Norian SRS) could improve the clinical, functional and radiological outcome when compared with fractures treated with a sliding screw device alone. Pain, activities of daily living, health status (SF-36), the strength of the hip abductor muscles and radiological outcome were analysed.Six weeks after surgery, the patients in the augmented group had significantly lower global and functional pain scores (p < 0.003), less pain after walking 50 feet (p < 0.01), and a better return to the activities of daily living (p < 0.05). At follow-up at six weeks and six months, those in the augmented group showed a significant improvement compared with the control group in the SF-36 score. No other significant differences were found between the groups. We conclude that augmentation with calcium phosphate cement in unstable trochanteric fractures provides a modest reduction in pain and a slight improvement in the quality of life during the course of healing when compared with conventional fixation with a sliding screw device alone.
Three-dimensional anatomy of the hip in osteoarthritis after developmental dysplasia
Authors: Argenson J.-N. , Ryembault E. , Flecher X. , Brassart N. , Parratte S. , Aubaniac J.-M. 
Published: August 2005

Using radiography and computer tomography (CT) we studied the morphology of 83 hips in 69 Caucasian adults with osteoarthritis secondary to developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). A previously published series of 310 hips with primary osteoarthritis was used as a control group. According to the Crowe classification, 33 of the dysplastic hips were graded as class I, 27 as class II and 23 as class III or class IV.The intramedullary femoral canal had reduced mediolateral and anteroposterior dimensions in all groups compared with the control group. Only in Crowe class II hips was the femoral neck-shaft angle increased. The proximal femur had more anteversion in all the developmental dysplasia of the hip groups, ranging from 2° to 80°. Templated measurement of acetabular dimensions for plain radiography closely matched measurements taken by CT.The results of our study confirm the observations previously confined to the Japanese population.
Revision total knee arthroplasty with the Total Condylar III system in inflammatory arthritis
Authors: Sheng P.-Y. , Jämsen E. , Lehto M. U. K. , Konttinen Y. T. , Pajamäki J. , Halonen P. 
Published: August 2005

We report a consecutive series of 16 revision total knee arthroplasties using the Total Condylar III system in 14 patients with inflammatory arthritis which were performed between 1994 and 2000. There were 11 women and three men with a mean age of 59 years (36 to 78). The patients were followed up for 74 months (44 to 122). The mean pre-operative Knee Society score of 37 points (0 to 77) improved to 88 (61 to 100) at follow-up (t-test, p < 0.001) indicating very good overall results. The mean range of flexion improved from 62° (0° to 120°) to 98° (0° to 145°) (t-test, p < 0.05) allowing the patients to stand from a sitting position. The mean Knee Society pain score improved from 22 (10 to 45) to 44 (20 to 50) (t-test, p < 0.05). No knee had definite loosening, although five showed asymptomatic radiolucent lines. Complications were seen in three cases, comprising patellar pain, patellar fracture and infection. These results suggest that the Total Condylar III system can be used successfully in revision total knee arthroplasty in inflammatory arthritis.
Patellar height and the inclination of the tibial plateau after high tibial osteotomy
Authors: Brouwer R. W. , Bierma-Zeinstra S. M. A. , van Koeveringe A. J. , Verhaar J. A. N. 
Published: August 2005

Our aim was to compare the degree of patellar descent and alteration in angle of the inclination of the tibial plateau in lateral closing-wedge and medial opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy (HTO) in 51 consecutive patients with osteoarthritis of the medial compartment and varus malalignment. Patellar height was measured by the Insall-Salvati (IS) and the Blackburne-Peel (BP) ratios. The tibial inclination was determined by the Moore-Harvey (MH) method. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to determine the influence of the type of HTO (closing vs opening wedge) on the post-operative patellar height or tibial inclination. The intra- and interobserver variability of these methods was determined before operation and at follow-up at one year. After an opening-wedge HTO the patellar height was significantly more decreased (mean post-operative difference: IS = 0.15; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.06 to 0.23; BP = 0.11; 95% CI 0.05 to 0.18) compared with a closing-wedge HTO. The angle of tibial inclination differed significantly (mean post-operative difference MH = −6.40°; 95% CI −8.74 to −4.02) between the two HTO techniques, increasing after opening-wedge HTO and decreasing after closing-wedge HTO. There was no clinically-relevant difference in the intra- and interobserver variability of measurements of patellar height either before or after HTO.
Evidence, policy and practice: developing collaborative approaches in Scotland
Authors: Wimbush Erica , Harper Helen , Wight Daniel , Gruer Laurence , Lowther Matthew , Fraser Shirley , Gordon Jacki 
Published: August 2005

English
While many of the drivers for evidence-based policy and practice are UK wide, there are some distinctive features of the policy and practice contexts in Scotland that have shaped the way in which evidence-based implementation is being forged. Within the field of health improvement policy and practice in Scotland, this paper focuses on what Nutley (2003) refers to as one of the prerequisites of evidence based policy and practice – the development of collaborative mechanisms for bringing closer together those working across research, policy and practice. The first part of the article looks at research–policy–practice collaborations in the development and evaluation of two public health interventions: needle exchanges and teacher-delivered sex education in secondary schools. The second part of the article considers the development of professional roles that are intended to facilitate cross-boundary linkage and exchange between research, policy and practice.
Enabling partnership work in crime reduction: tales from the trenches of evidence-based policy
Authors: Wastell David G. 
Published: August 2005

English
The field of crime control is undergoing radical reform in the UK, as are all public services. This article addresses two trends that are central to the modernisation agenda: the shift to partnership working and the use of empirical evidence to inform policy making and practice. It evaluates the potential of geographical information systems to support strategic decision making in the context of local crime reduction partnerships, which were established on a national basis by the 1998 Crime and Disorder Act. A number of salient multi-agency data-sharing initiatives have been launched over recent years, and this study focuses on the experience of one such project (Multi-agency Data Exchange [MADE]) in Lancashire, which was set up to provide a county-wide information brokerage for Crime and Disorder Reduction Partnerships. The power of spatial coding to integrate data from disparate partner agencies will be of particular interest. The potential of MADE’s evidence base to provide sophisticated criminological analysis is demonstrated through two case studies. Much of this potential has, however, gone unexploited, as will be shown. The article concludes with some methodological reflections on the problems of developing multi-agency information systems, the lessons to be learned from successful projects such as MADE, and the general barriers to evidence-based methods in practical policy making.
Terahertz-Time-Domain-Spektroskopie mit einem leistungsoptimierten elektrooptischen Detektionsverfahren (Low-Power Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy with Optimized Electro-optical Detection)
Authors: Gorenflo Stefan , Hinkov Iliyana , Lambrecht Armin , Fischer Bernd , Hoffmann Matthias , Helm Hanspeter , Jepsen Peter Uhd 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
Ein Terahertz-Time-Domain-Spektroskopie- (THz-TDS-) System mit elektrooptischem Detektor auf der Basis von ZnTe wird vorgestellt. Als Laserquelle dient ein Ti:Sa-Laser, der Laserpulse mit einer Dauer von ca. 10 fs bei einer zentralen Wellenlänge von 800 nm liefert. Durch Optimierung des Detektionsverfahrens wurde mit nur 25 mW Laserleistung ein Signal-Rausch-Verhältnis (SNR) von größer als 103 erzielt. Die aufgenommenen Spektren bekannter Substanzen weisen materialspezifische Absorptionslinien auf und erlauben deren eindeutige Erkennung.
Langzeit-Aerosolüberwachung mit einem kalibrierfreien, kompensierten Streulichtfotometer (Long Term Monitoring by Means of a Calibration-Free, Compensated Light Scattering Photometer)
Authors: Laile Edgar , Zahoransky Richard A. , Poss Gerhard , Riedel Wolfgang , Ulmer Ulrich , Grisar Roland 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
Zur Messung geringer Massenkonzentrationen und der Partikelgrößenverteilung unter hohen Druck- und Temperaturbedingungen, wie sie z.B. bei Überwachung des Gasstromes in Druckwirbelschichtfeuerungen oder in Druckkohlestaubfeuerungen vorkommen, wird ein kompensiertes Streulichtfotometer vorgeschlagen. Streulicht- und Transmissionswerte des Partikelkollektivs werden erfasst und miteinander verknüpft. Als Vorteil dieses Mess- und Auswerteprinzips ergibt sich im Gegensatz zu konventionellen Fotometern eine weitgehende Unempfindlichkeit gegenüber Fenster-Verschmutzung und Alterung von Komponenten. Das neue Konzept ist bis etwa 900 ºC einsatzfähig.