bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Survey of Foundation Dentists’ Experiences of Clinical Audit
Authors: Jayawardena Don , Richardson Robin , Kellett Fleur , Heidari Ellie 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

IntroductionClinical Audit is one of the central pillars of Clinical Governance and is a valuable quality improvement tool. Clinical Audit has benefits for all stakeholders and provides evidence of compliance with the requirements of the UK statutory regulatory bodies. The levels of knowledge, experience and understanding of Clinical Audit of recent UK graduates is variable.AimTo explore Foundation Dentists’ experiences of Clinical Audit and to identify opportunities for improvement in the teaching of Clinical Audit in their Dental Foundation Training.MethodAn online survey was sent out to 231 Foundation Dentists, who had recently completed their foundation programme mandated audit project, in the Midlands and East of England Regions, in July 2022.ResultsA total of 40 Foundation Dentists completed the survey (17% response rate).The results show 30% of respondents feeling well prepared prior to their audit project, 45% of respondents were neutral in their response and only 25% felt unprepared for their audit project.DiscussionSeveral opportunities for improvement in the teaching of Clinical Audit in Dental Foundation Training were identified, such as development of an online resource bank.
Detection of Vancomycin- resistant S. aureus (VRSA) producing van A gene in Khartoum state, Sudan
Authors: Nasr Salma Abdullah Abdulmajeed , Seedahmed Sahar Mohammed , Idris Alkhair Abd Almahmoud 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background:
Staphylococcus aureus is a major causative agent of bacterial infection in Sudan. Resistance to antibiotic has increased dramatically over the past few years and has now researched a level that place patient in real danger. This study aimed to detect the resistance patterns of Staphylococcus aureusisolates, MDR and Vancomycin Resistance Staphylococcus aureus that produced Van A gene.
This study included 87 staphylococcus aureus isolates. The detection of the resistance isolates done by using different types of antimicrobial agents included as Oxacillin (1mcg), Penicillin (10mcg), Colistin (10mcg), Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (10mcg), Ciprofloxacin (5mcg) and Vancomycin (30mcg). Then the PCR technique was done for Van A gene detection.
Results:
In this study isolates of S. aureus show that the highest resistance rate was reported among Penicillin 87(100%), Oxacillin 87(100%) which represents the prevalence of MRSA and Amoxicillin- clavulanic acid 87(100%). The isolates revealed elevated resistance rate for Colistin 79(90.8%).
The prevalence of Vancomycin Resistant 9(10.3%). The prevalence of Multidrug-Drug Resistance Staphylococcus aureus isolates was 36(41.4%),2 (22.2%) of VRSA isolates were positive to Van A gene.
Conclusions:
Methicillin resistance increases time to time rapidly. Vancomycin still a choice of treatment for Staphylococcus aureus infections.
WITHDRAWN: Study on prevalence, risk factors and clinical phenotypic appraisals of Theileria annulata infection in Gir cattle
Authors: Parmar Vijay L. , Vagh A. A. , Patel U. D. , Bilwal A. K. , Thakre B. J. , Brahmbhatt N. N. , Patbandha Tapaskumar , Parmar J. N. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The full text of this preprint has been withdrawn, as it was submitted in error. Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as a reference. Questions should be directed to the corresponding author.
Tectonic tremor: the chatter of mafic underplating beneath southern Vancouver Island?
Authors: Littel Geena , Bostock Michael , Sammis Charles , Peacock Simon , Calvert Andrew 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Tremor is a low-amplitude seismic signal that usually temporally coincides with episodic slow fault slip at plate boundaries worldwide. Since the discovery of tremor in Cascadia, significant effort has been devoted to understanding its relationship to slow slip. However, its source mechanism has been widely debated, owing in large part to the challenge of locating sources accurately in depth. We assemble a tremor catalog of 4,851 events for a ~ 10 X 20 km2 area on southern Vancouver Island from slow slip episodes in 2003–2005 using a cross-station detection method adapted from previous studies, which we extend to use both P- and S- waves, thereby recovering accurate depths. Tremor occurs in distinct, quasi-planar clusters in the plate boundary region at a depth near 39 km, just beneath a layer of high reflectivity and within a zone of elevated Poisson’s ratio. We interpret this tremor to represent mafic underplating, wherein shearing generates tremor and continuously erodes basaltic material of the upper few hundred meters of the oceanic crust. Comminuted basalt with an increasingly anisotropic fabric is gradually plated onto the overriding lithosphere to form the highly reflective layer. Localized areas of material transfer within the subduction zone may manifest the distinct tremor clusters.
Adolescent Suicide Behaviors are Associated with Accelerated Reductions in Cortical Gray Matter Volume and Maintenance of Behavioral Activation System Sensitivity
Authors: Zhou Yi , Neale Michael C. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Distinguishing those at risk of making a suicide attempt from those who experience only suicidal ideations remains a significant clinical challenge. Longitudinal studies during early adolescence may provide insight into altered brain and behavioral developmental trajectories among those who develop suicide behaviors (SB). Here, we applied linear mixed effects regression models to several global brain volumes and psychiatric/behavioral measures from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study®. We analyzed data from baseline up until the two-year follow-up, when participants were roughly 10 to 12 years of age. What distinguished those reporting SB from other groups was that they exhibited the greatest reductions in cortical gray brain matter volume. Those who developed SB also exhibited the greatest increase in DSM5-depression scores and were the only group that maintained their levels of Behavioral Activation System (BAS) Fun-Seeking behaviors. Finally, we applied a Cross-Lagged Panel Modelling approach and found evidence for a potential causal relationship between total cortical gray brain matter volume and BAS Fun-Seeking behaviors. Our results suggest that changes in cortical gray matter structure may impact behavioral approach systems which in turn increase the risk of suicide attempt during early adolescence.
Effects of a multidimensional approach based on exercise and mindfulness on pain, disability, quality of life, mental health, and gait parameters in patients with non-specific chronic low back pain: the BACKFIT randomized controlled trial.
Authors: Donoso Belén , Castellote-Caballero Yolanda , Villegas-Fuentes Alba , Tsiarleston Gavriella , Gil-Gutiérrez Yolanda Maria , Fernández-Álvarez José Enrique , Montes Santiago , Delgado-Fernández Manuel , Mesa Antonio , Molina-García Pablo , Pozuelo-Calvo Rocío , Membrilla-Mesa Miguel David , Segura-Jiménez Víctor 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background.
Low back pain (LBP) is among the most common types of chronic pain and the leading cause of disability worldwide. The BACKFIT randomized controlled trial is a multidimensional intervention that aims to determine the effectiveness of a multidimensional program, based on supervised exercise and mindfulness, compared to a control group on pain and disability, quality of life, mental health, and gait parameters in patients with non-specific chronic low back pain (NSCLBP).
Methods.
105 individuals. Inclusion criteria: Previously diagnosed with NSCLBP, be ≥ 18 and ≤ 65 years old, able to read and understand the informed consent, able to walk, move and communicate without external help. Exclusion criteria: serious lumbar structural disorders, acute or terminal illness, physical injury, mental illness, and medical prescriptions that prevented participating in the study. Individuals who will meet inclusion criteria will be randomly assigned to a supervised resistance exercise intervention group (2 days per week, 45 minutes per session), a multidimensional intervention group (same as supervised resistance exercise intervention group, and mindfulness 1 day per week, 2.5 hours per session) or a control group (usual care, 2 days per week, 45 minutes per session). The intervention will last 8 weeks. Primary outcome will be pain threshold, perceived acute pain, and disability due to pain. Secondary measures will be body composition, muscular fitness, gait parameters, device-measured physical activity and sedentary behaviour, self-reported sedentary behaviour, quality of life, pain catastrophizing, mental health, sleep duration and quality, and central sensitization.
Discussion.
This paper describes the protocol performed by a multidisciplinary team of experts in Physical Therapy and Sports Sciences. Combining physical (exercise) and psychological (mindfulness) therapy, might determine greater benefits in pain, disability, quality of life, mental health, and gait parameters in individuals with NSCLBP. This multidimensional approach might be effective for short- and intermediate-term improvement on pain and functioning in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain. Moreover, if the multidimensional program is effective, will diminish future costs of clinical treatment and low-cost alternatives for health professionals will be available.
Trial registration:
NCT05443880.
Drug repurposing for Parkinson’s disease by biological pathway based edge-weighted network proximity analysis
Authors: Han Manyoung , Jung Seunghwan , Lee Doheon 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Parkinson’s disease is the second most frequent neurodegenerative disease, and its severity is increasing with extended life expectancy. Most of current treatments tend to rely on symptomatic relief and there are multiple trials for treatments that target the causes of the disease. The mechanisms underlying neurodegenerative diseases are intricate, and understanding the interplay among the biological elements involved is crucial. These relationships can be effectively analyzed through biological networks, and the application of network-based analyses in the context of neurodegenerative disease treatment has gained significant attention. Moreover, considering the significance differences in interactions between biological elements within the network is important. In this context, we introduce a novel biological pathway based edge-weighted network construction method for drug repurposing in Parkinson’s disease. The interaction found in multiple Parkinson’s disease-related pathways have more significance than other interactions, and this significance is reflected in the network edge weights. Using the edge-weighted network construction method, we found a significant difference in the efficacy between known and unknown Parkinson’s disease drugs. The method predicts drug-disease interactions more accurately than approaches that do not consider the significance differences among interactions, and the paths between the drug and disease within the network correspond to the drug’s mechanism of action. In summary, we propose a network-based drug repurposing method using the biological pathway based edge-weighted network.
A high-resolution spatial map of cilia-associated proteins based on characterization of the human fallopian tube-specific proteome
Authors: Lindskog Cecilia , Norradin Feria Hikmet , Digre Andreas , Méar Loren , Schutten Rutger , Lundberg Emma , Hansen Jan , Uhlén Mathias 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Molecular changes in the fallopian tubes (FT) play a crucial role in the development of cancer and reproductive disorders. Here, we aimed to map key FT proteins on the single-cell level utilizing an integrated transcriptomics and proteomics approach. Based on RNA-seq, 315 genes were identified as elevated in FT, out of which a majority were associated with motile cilia function. An in-depth spatial characterization was performed for 130 of these genes in FT and other human tissues with motile cilia, localizing the proteins to different subcellular structures of ciliated cells. The specificity for ciliated cells was validated with single-cell RNA-seq and in-situ mass-spectrometry data. Our approach enabled us to identify 34 novel cilia-related proteins lacking previous evidence on the protein level, as well as several other proteins not described in the context of cilia biology. The high-resolution spatial map aids in further disentangling pathways involved in infertility and diseases linked to cilia-specific functions.
Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from Nyctanthes arbor tristis L. Leaf Extract and Evaluation of Its Antidiabetic and Antioxidant Properties
Authors: Tripathi Ashok Kumar , Dash Alok Kumar , Mishra Jhansee 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In Nycanthes arbor-tristis, green production of silver nanoparticles has been described. After combining 1% aqueous leaf extract with 1 mM silver nitrate solution and letting it sit for 10 minutes at room temperature in the light, nanoparticles were effectively created. The brown reaction mixture's UV–Vis spectra revealed a strong surface plasmon resonance at 460 nm. It verified that silver nanoparticles are biosynthesised. SEM and TEM were used to characterize the nanoparticles. According to the data, produced nanoparticles have a diameter between 10 and 50 nm. The polycrystalline nature of the biosynthesized nanoparticles was verified by XRD measurements. Compared to extract, silver nanoparticles demonstrated a stronger antidiabetic effect. Every clinical isolate with antidiabetic properties was sensitive to nanoparticles. Additionally, the silver nanoparticles showed strong free radical scavenging capabilities.
Association of HLA-G 3’UTR Polymorphisms with hepatitis B virus infection in Tunisian population
Authors: Laaribi Ahmed Baligh , Mehri Asma , Yahia Hamza Ben , Chaouch Houda , Babay Wafa , Letaief Amel , Ouzari Hadda-Imene , Hannachi Naila , Boukadida Jalel , Zidi Ines 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major public health burden. The mechanisms of immune evasion during chronic HBV (CHB) infection are poorly understood. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G, an immune checkpoint molecule, plays a crucial role in the tolerance mechanisms of various infectious diseases. The 3’untranslated region (3’UTR), including the HLA-G + 3142C > G polymorphism (rs1063320) and the 14-pb Ins/Del (rs66554220) has been strongly suggested to influence HLA-G expression.
Objective
This study conducted a case-control analysis to evaluate the potential correlation between the HLA-G + 3142 C > G polymorphism and HBV infection outcome in a Tunisian cohort.
Methods
The HLA-G + 3142C > G polymorphism was analysed by PCR-RFLP in 242 patients with chronic HBV infection, 241 healthy controls, and 100 spontaneously resolved subjects.
Results
Patients with chronic HBV infection showed a higher frequency of the + 3142 G allele compared to healthy controls and spontaneously resolved subjects (p = 0.001 and p = 0.002, respectively). An association between the + 3142 G allele and high HBV DNA levels was observed when HBV patients were stratified based on their HBV DNA levels (p = 0.016). Furthermore, the dominant model (GG + GC vs CC) was associated with liver function parameters, including AST, ALT, and high HBV DNA levels (p = 0.04, p < 0.001 and p = 0.002, respectively). However, there was no significant association found between this polymorphism and the fibrosis stage (p = 0.32). The haplotype analysis, using a subset of previously published data on the HLA-G 14pb Ins/Del polymorphism, revealed an association between the Ins/G haplotype and chronic HBV infection (H1: InsG, p < 0.001).
Conclusion
Our findings suggest that the + 3142 G allele is a risk factor for the persistence and progression of HBV infection, while the + 3142 C allele serves as a protective allele associated with the spontaneous resolution of the infection. Additionally, the HLA-G 3’UTR haplotype Ins/G is associated with chronic HBV infection in the Tunisian population.
Identification and experimental validation of a sialylation–related long noncoding RNA signature for prognosis of bladder cancer
Authors: Qiao Yi , Tian Xintao , Li Shengxian , Niu Haitao 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background:
The dysregulation of sialylation plays a pivotal role in cancer progression and metastasis, impacting various aspects of tumor behavior. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic significance of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in relation to sialylation and the functional pathways of Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (Siglec). Additionally, we aimed to develop a signature of sialylation-related lncRNAs in the context of bladder cancer.
Methods:
This study used transcriptomic data and clinical information from the TCGA (the Cancer Genome Atlas) database to screen for sialylation-related lncRNAs and constructed a prognostic model. The relationships between these lncRNAs and biological pathways, immune cell infiltration, drug sensitivity, etc., were analyzed, and the expression of some lncRNAs was validated at the cellular level.
Results:
This study identified 6 prognostic lncRNAs related to sialylation and constructed a risk score model with high predictive accuracy and reliability. The survival period of patients in the high-risk group was significantly lower than that of the low-risk group, and it was related to various biological pathways and immune functions. In addition, this study found differences in the sensitivity of patients in different risk groups to chemotherapy drugs, providing a reference for personalized treatment.
Conclusion:
This study discovers the prognostic value of a group of sialylation-related lncRNAs in bladder cancer, revealing their association with the tumor microenvironment and treatment response, and providing new molecular markers and potential targets for the diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer.
Enhancing Mammography Models: The Impact of Radiologist Recommendations on Algorithmic Precision
Authors: Lahdoudi Youssef , Ghazdali Abdelghani , Khalfi Hamza , Lamghari Nidal 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This study demonstrates the substantial benefits of integrating advanced image classification techniques into the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. Our comprehensive approach utilizes deep learning algorithms, with a focus on enhancing the reliability and efficiency of mammography image classification. Specifically, we employ YOLOv5 for precise image segmentation and Densenet121 for extracting informative features from segmented regions of interest (ROIs). The dataset, comprising 54,706 mammography images, facilitates both visual and numerical analyses. To optimize breast cancer diagnosis, we strategically examine a separate set of 100 challenging cases, randomly selecting 50 positive and 50 negative instances, ensuring a balanced representation of both benign and malignant cases. Careful validation involves curating 50 consensus cases for reliability. To address class imbalance, we employ a hybrid Upsampling/Downsampling approach. Moreover, we fine-tune 14 algorithms, comparing outcomes with and without radiologists' recommendations. The analysis, particularly focusing on the AUC (Area Under the Curve), reveals compelling results. Without radiologists' recommendations, the model achieves a 99.8\% AUC during testing and 59.5\% during validation. Incorporating radiologists' insights notably boosts AUC to 99.9\% for testing and 93.5\% for validation. These findings emphasize the pivotal role of expert guidance in refining diagnostic accuracy. This study delves into the interplay between algorithmic precision, dataset characteristics, and expert recommendations in breast cancer diagnosis, providing valuable insights for leveraging advanced technologies and expert knowledge for improved medical outcomes.
Marine carbon sink after temperature overshoot is dominated by biological pump carbon
Authors: Koeve Wolfgang , Landolfi Angela , Oschlies Andreas , Frenger Ivy 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

With potentially delayed CO2-mitigation efforts, net-negative CO2-emissions may be required to return to acceptable limits of climate warming as defined by the Paris Agreement. The ocean is an important CO2 sink under increasing atmospheric pCO2, when physico-chemical CO2-uptake dominates. The processes that govern its role under net-negative CO2-emission regimes are, however, unclear. Here we assess changes in marine CO2-uptake and storage mechanisms under a range of idealized temperature-overshoot scenarios in an Earth System model of intermediate complexity over centennial timescales. We show that while the fate of CO2 from physical-chemical uptake is very sensitive to future atmospheric boundary conditions, storage associated with the biological carbon pump continues to increase and may even dominate marine excess CO2 storage on multi-centennial time scales. Since change in biological pump carbon is strongly linked to the oxygenation status of the ocean, improved prediction of marine deoxygenation turns out to be a key to better forecast the future of the marine carbon sink on multi-centennial time scales.
Electronic patient-reported outcome assessments: evaluating patient preference for the number of items per screen
Authors: Lord-Bessen Jennifer , Rodriguez Danielle , Coyne Karin , Schaff Spencer , Kalpadakis-Smith Alexandra 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background: In clinical trials, the single-item-per-screen format is commonly used for electronic patient-reported outcomes (ePROs). However, participant preferences for this format over multiple items per screen have not been investigated. This study evaluated participant preferences for single-item-per-screen vs. multiple-items-per-screen ePRO formats, the effect on completion times, and the comparability of scores between formats.
Methods: Participation in this randomized, crossover, observational study involved ePRO completion in both single-item-per-screen and multiple-items-per-screen formats on an electronic tablet device during two study visits. A paper-based preference questionnaire was completed at each visit.
Results: Thirty-seven adults (mean [SD] age=49.6 [15.4] years; 51.4% female; 54.1% White) enrolled and 36 participants completed both visits. Twelve participants (33.3%) preferred the multiple-item format, 12 (33.3%) preferred the single-item format, 10 (27.8%) had no preference, and 2 (5.6%) did not notice a difference. Seventeen participants (47.2%) preferred the single-item format when participating in a clinical trial, and most (n=20; 55.6%) believed that others would prefer this format in a clinical trial. The ePRO completion time (minutes: seconds) was longer for the single-item format than the multiple-item format (mean [SD], 6:42 [2:24] vs. 6:21 [2:22]; p = 0.1540). The ePRO scores were similar across both formats.
Conclusion: This study provided evidence that both single-item and multiple-items-per-screen presented on an electronic tablet device are acceptable to users and that format preference may be specific to each individual. Thus, clinical programs need to consider the targeted study population, the purpose of use, and the overall the trial design when designing ePRO solutions.