bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photochemistry of Benzocyclobutene-1,2-dione Studied by Laser Flash Photolysis with UV/VIS and IR Detection
Authors: Oishi Shigero , Ozaki Jun 
Published: November 2003

Abstract
Kinetic behavior of bisketene generated by the photolysis of benzocyclobutene-1,2-dione in solution was investigated by TRIR and it was found that the formation of pyridine ylide could be explained by the reaction of pyridine with the bisketene, not oxacarbene.
Refractory autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura: Responses to treatment with a recombinant antibody to lymphocyte membrane antigen CD20 (rituximab)
Authors: Narang Mohit , Penner John A. , Williams Dan 
Published: November 2003

Abstract“Refractory” autoimmune thrombocytopenia represents a life‐threatening condition, having failed to respond to a variety of therapeutic measures. We report a series of cases, all failing splenectomy and multiple therapeutic programs, including, in two patients, marrow transplant. Five of the six cases reported responded to a recombinant antibody to the lymphocyte membrane antigen CD20 (rituximab), an agent commonly employed in the treatment of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma. Our experiences over a period of 4 years are documented. The results support the use of this product, rituximab, in the treatment of patients with autoimmune thrombocytopenia who have not attained a hemostatically effective platelet count following splenectomy and require a continuing therapeutic management program. Am. J. Hematol. 74:263–267, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pesticide exposure and women's health
Authors: García Ana M. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractBackgroundResearch on pesticide‐related health effects has been mostly focused in industrialized countries and in men. This paper discusses critical issues related to women's pesticide exposure and its effects on women's health.MethodsThe literature on pesticides was reviewed with emphasis on data related to women. Attention was focused on research suggesting different conditions of exposure or different response to pesticides by sex. Studies on cancer and reproductive effects were used as illustrative examples.ResultsWomen are increasingly exposed to pesticides in developing countries, where women's poisoning and other pesticide‐related injuries seem to be greatly underestimated. Many of the effects of pesticides in human health will be the same for men and women, but not always. Some organochlorine pesticides have been related to breast cancer in post‐menopausal women. However, knowledge about other pesticides is much more limited. Epidemiological studies assessing maternal exposure to individual pesticides and abortion, fetal death, or congenital defects are not conclusive, although some suggestive associations have been observed.ConclusionsGender‐sensitive research is needed to properly address the study of women's pesticide exposures and related adverse outcomes. A better understanding of potential gender–environment and sex–environment interactions related to pesticide exposure and health effects in women is needed. Am. J. Ind. Med. 44:584–594, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Depressive and anxiety symptoms among housemaids
Authors: Sales Eliane Cardoso , Santana Vilma Sousa 
Published: November 2003

AbstractBackgroundHousemaid, the most common occupation in the female labor force in Brazil, is known to be targeted by a generalized racial and job discrimination, which can generate mental suffering such as depressive and anxiety symptoms. In this cross‐sectional study, the association between being a maid and having depressive and anxiety symptoms was evaluated.MethodsData for this study was taken from a former survey carried out in a random sample of 470 families living in a poor area of the city of Salvador, capital of the state of Bahia, Northeast Brazil. The study population comprised all women between the ages of 14 and 69, who reported having a paid occupation (n = 335). Data was collected by trained interviewers, using questionnaires. Psychological symptoms were identified using the Questionnaire for Psychiatric Morbidity among Adults, (QMPA), from which only those related to depression and anxiety (QMPA‐SAD) were analyzed.ResultsLogistic regression showed that being a housemaid was positively associated with “sadness/tiredness” (adjusted prevalence ratio, PRadj = 1.64; 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.17–2.28), “poor concentration” (PRadj = 1.81; 95% CI: 1.13–2.90), “palpitations” (PRadj = 2.22; 95% CI: 1.28–3.84), and “aggressive behavior” (PRaj = 1.58; 95% CI: 1.01–2.46).ConclusionsAlthough cross‐sectional designs are limited by causal inference, these results are in accordance with those obtained in qualitative studies. Advances in the Brazilian labor legislation with respect to domestic service may help to reduce social discrimination and contribute towards minimizing a possible mental burden resulting from this occupation. Am. J. Ind. Med. 44:685–691, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Developing integrative computational models of pulmonary structure
Authors: Tawhai Merryn H. , Burrowes Kelly S. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractIntegrative computational modeling of the pulmonary system aims to incorporate interactions between the lung's subsystems by means of a hierarchy of structural and functional models. This requires detailed imaging‐based data, along with a wide range of functional information from experiments. Advances in computed tomography imaging technology ensure that high‐resolution data are now readily available upon which the structure of these models can be based. We present methods for constructing anatomically realistic finite element models of interrelated pulmonary structures from such data. Segmented human lung lobe data are fit to high‐order (cubic Hermite) volume elements. Meshes for the conducting airways and pulmonary arteries and veins are constructed within the lobe mesh, using a combination of fitting to imaging data and a bifurcating‐distributive algorithm. The algorithm generates an airway‐consistent mesh within a host volume, and this airway mesh is then used as a template for generating blood vessel models. The lung parenchyma is modeled as a space‐filling three‐dimensional (3D) Voronoi mesh, with generated geometry consistent with the alveolated airway structure. Pulmonary capillaries are generated over the alveolar model, as a 2D Voronoi mesh. These structural models have been compared extensively with morphometric data to verify that their geometry is representative of the pulmonary system. The models are designed to be integrative: they relate multiple structural systems within the same individual, and their use as computational meshes allows application of spatially distributed properties. Anat Rec (Part B: New Anat) 275B:207–218, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Building and breaking bridges between sister chromatids
Authors: Haering Christian H. , Nasmyth Kim 
Published: November 2003

AbstractEukaryotic chromosomes undergo dramatic changes and movements during mitosis. These include the individualization and compaction of the two copies of replicated chromosomes (the sister chromatids) and their subsequent segregation to the daughter cells. Two multisubunit protein complexes termed ‘cohesin’ and ‘condensin’, both composed of SMC (Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes) and kleisin subunits, have emerged as crucial players in these processes. Cohesin is required for holding sister chromatids together whereas condensin, together with topoisomerase II, has an important role in organizing individual axes of sister chromatids prior to their segregation during anaphase. SMC and kleisin complexes also regulate the compaction and segregation of bacterial nucleoids. New research suggests that these ancient regulators of chromosome structure might function as topological devices that trap chromosomal DNA between 50 nm long coiled coils. BioEssays 25:1178–1191, 2003. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Secondary phosphine oxides: tautomerism and chiral recognition monitored by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy of their Rh2[(R)‐MTPA]4 adducts
Authors: Magiera Damian , Szmigielska Anna , Pietrusiewicz K. Michal , Duddeck Helmut 
Published: November 2003

AbstractSix secondary phosphine oxides and their tautomeric equilibria as free ligands and in the presence of an equimolar amount of the chiral dirhodium complex Rh* are described and discussed. Discrimination of enantiomers is easily possible by inspecting the 31P NMR resonances; some 1H and 13C NMR resonances are useful as well. H/D exchange of the acidic protons in the phosphine oxides takes place with acetone‐d6, the solvent additive, after some hours but does not obscure the chiral recognition experiment. 103Rh,31P coupling constants are discussed briefly. Decomposition of ligand molecules in 1:1‐Rh*‐adducts occurs slowly but completely. Chirality 16:57–64, 2004. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Multifractal features in temporal patterns of seismicity in southern Apennine Chain (Italy)
Authors: Telesca Luciano , Lapenna Vincenzo , Macchiato Maria 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe temporal patterns of seismic sequences frequently show multifractal features. This is seen in the clustering properties of 1983–1998 seismicity data from the southern Apennine Chain (Italy), one of the most seismically active regions of the Mediterranean area. The results from a multifractal analysis of the temporal distribution of seismic events suggest that the intermittent character of the sequence does not depend on the threshold magnitude. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Non‐parametric tests and confidence regions for intrinsic diversity profiles of ecological populations
Authors: Di Battista Tonio , Gattone Stefano A. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractEvaluation of diversity profiles is useful for ecologists to quantify the diversity of biological communities. Measures of diversity profile can be expressed as a function of the unknown abundance vector. Thus, the estimators and related confidence regions and tests of hypotheses involve aspects of multivariate analysis. In this setting, using a suitable sampling design, inference is developed assuming an asymptotic specific distribution of the profile estimator. However, in a biological framework, ecologists work with small sample sizes, and the use of any probability distribution is hazardous. Assuming that a sample belongs to the family of replicated sampling design, we show that the diversity profile estimator can be expressed as a linear combination of the ranked abundance vector estimators. Hence we are able to develop a non‐parametric approach based on a bootstrap in order to build balanced simultaneous confidence sets and tests of hypotheses for diversity profiles. Finally, the proposed procedure is applied on the avian populations of four parks in Milan, Italy. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
RIFLE: A novel ring zinc finger‐leucine‐rich repeat containing protein, regulates select cell adhesion molecules in PC12 cells
Authors: Li Baolin , Su Yuan , Ryder John , Yan Lei , Na Songqing , Ni Binhui 
Published: November 2003

AbstractCell adhesion molecules play a critical role in cell contacts, whether cell–cell or cell–matrix, and are regulated by multiple signaling pathways. In this report, we identify a novel ring zinc finger‐leucine‐rich repeat containing protein (RIFLE) and show that RIFLE, expressed in PC12 cells, enhances the Serine (Ser)21/9 phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase‐3α/β (GSK‐3α/β) resulting in the inhibition of GSK‐3 kinase activity and increase of β‐catenin levels. RIFLE expression also is associated with elevated E‐cadherin protein levels but not N‐cadherin. The regulation of these cell adhesion‐associated molecules by RIFLE is accompanied by a significant increase in cell–cell and cell–matrix adhesion. Moreover, increase in cell–cell adhesion but not cell–matrix adhesion by RIFLE can be mimicked by selective inhibition of GSK‐3. Our results suggest that RIFLE represents a novel signaling protein that mediates components of the Wnt/wingless signaling pathway and cell adhesion in PC12 cells. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In vivo imaging and tumor therapy with the sodium iodide symporter
Authors: Dingli David , Russell Stephen J. , Morris John C. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThere has been great progress in the design of vectors for cancer gene therapy. However, it has been difficult to translate success in the laboratory into clinical practice. A major hurdle in understanding these failures has been the relative difficulty in monitoring repeatedly and non‐invasively the biodistribution, gene expression and replication of these viral vector systems. With the advent of molecular imaging technology, this deficiency is being rapidly rectified. A number of reporter genes have been used to monitor gene expression. In this review, we discuss the role of the sodium iodide symporter (NIS) as a reporter and therapeutic gene for cancer gene therapy when combined with various radioactive isotopes. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Association of TNF‐β polymorphism with disease severity among patients infected with hepatitis C virus
Authors: Goyal Ankur , Kazim Syed N. , Sakhuja Puja , Malhotra Veena , Arora Naveen , Sarin Shiv K. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection remains unclear. Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) is alleged to contribute in the pathogenesis of chronic HCV infection. Single nucleotide polymorphism in TNF‐α and ‐β genes could influence the outcome of HCV infection. The aim was to study single nucleotide polymorphism in TNF‐α promoter region and Nco I polymorphisms in the TNF‐β gene in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Fifty‐two patients with histologically proven chronic hepatitis, who had raised ALT levels (>1.5 × ULN) and were HCV RNA positive, were studied. Genotyping of −308 promoter variant of TNF‐α was performed by PCR with primers that incorporated an Nco I restriction site. For PCR typing of the TNF‐β Nco I restriction fragment length polymorphism, sequence specific primers were used. Polymorphism in the TNF‐α G/G, G/A and A/A allele was not different between HCV patients and healthy controls. TNF‐β A/A allele was significantly more common (P < 0.02) in patients (28.8%) as compared to controls (12.8%), whereas no significant difference was observed for TNF‐β G/A and G/G alleles. Nco I TNF‐β A/A was strongly associated with −308 TNF‐α G/G (RR of HCV persistence = 4.9), indicating possible linkage between TNF‐β A/A and TNF‐α G/G allele. Patients with severe hepatic fibrosis more frequently had the TNF‐β A/A allele as compared to patients with mild disease (P = 0.04). Immunogenetic factors, such as single nucleotide polymorphisms in TNF‐β (A/A allele), may affect the natural course of HCV infection, in particular, the disease progression. Larger studies including cytokine expression profiles are needed to fully understand the contribution of the polymorphisms described in the pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis C. J. Med. Virol. 72:60–65, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genetic analysis of group B human rotaviruses detected in Bangladesh in 2000 and 2001
Authors: Ahmed Muzahed U. , Kobayashi Nobumichi , Wakuda Mitsutaka , Sanekata Takeshi , Taniguchi Koki , Kader Abdul , Naik Trailokya N. , Ishino Masaho , Alam Md. Mahbub , Kojima Kazunobu , Mise Keiji , Sumi Ayako 
Published: November 2003

AbstractGroup B rotaviruses detected in Bangladesh in 2000 and 2001 were analyzed genetically to clarify relatedness to human group B rotaviruses reported previously in China and India, and to animal group B rotaviruses. VP7 gene sequences of the Bangladeshi group B rotaviruses (Bang373, Bang544, Bang334, and Bang402) were almost identical to each other and also showed high sequence identity to the Indian strain CAL‐1 (98%) and Chinese strain adult diarrhea rotavirus (ADRV) (92%), while identities to bovine and murine viruses were considerably low (60–63%). Other genes of Bang373 and Bang544 encoding VP2, VP4, VP6, and NSP1 ∼ NSP5 also showed much higher sequence identities to those of CAL‐1 (97.7–99.4%) than to those of ADRV (89.9–93.9%). Characterization of nucleotide substitutions among Bang373, CAL‐1, and ADRV suggested that all the gene segments might have evolved neutrally at similar mutation rates, while some of the gene segments (e.g., VP2 gene) were suggested to be more conserved than others. In conclusion, group B rotaviruses detected in Bangladesh represented by Bang373 and the Indian virus CAL‐1 were considered as virtually identical viruses which are distinct genetically from ADRV, and it was suggested that Bang373 (CAL‐1)‐like group B rotavirus (Bengali strains) might be distributed primarily in an area around the Bay of Bengal. J. Med. Virol. 72:149–155, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Thymidine analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors resistance mutations profiles and association to other nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors resistance mutations observed in the context of virological failure
Authors: Marcelin Anne‐Geneviève , Delaugerre Constance , Wirden Marc , Viegas Pedro , Simon Anne , Katlama Christine , Calvez Vincent 
Published: November 2003

AbstractDuring ZDV or d4T exposure, mutations at codons 41, 67, 70, 210, 215, and 219 can be selected and were named thymidine analogue mutations (TAMs). Some previous results suggested that different TAMs patterns could exist and that the kind of TAMs pattern could influence the virological response to some nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs). In order to get more data about the relative prevalence of these patterns, their associations with other NRTI resistance mutations and the identification of the different stages observed during the acquisition of TAMs under treatment by NRTIs, we collected 1,098 RT sequences harbouring at least one TAM from patients failing to antiretroviral regimen. Sequences were stored in a database designed specifically to allow the retrieval of sequences that met specific criteria such as the occurrence and frequency of a particular mutation, the nature and frequency of the amino acid substitution at a given codon, and/or the rate of association between resistance mutations. Two pathways of TAMs can be identified: profile #1 (T215Y mutation linked) and profile # 2 (T215F mutation linked). The frequency of selection of profile # 1 is two times higher than profile # 2. The E44D/A + V118I complex, 69 insertions, and L74V mutation are associated to profile #1, whereas the Q151M complex and M184V mutation are associated to both profiles. As some NRTI resistance mutations were associated preferentially with profile #1, further studies are needed to explore if, the weaker efficacy observed on viruses harbouring this profile using some NRTIs, could be explained by the TAMs profile itself or the other associated NRTI resistance mutations. J. Med. Virol. 72:162–165, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Virus‐specific effector CD4+ T‐cell responses in hemodialysis patients with hepatitis C virus infection
Authors: Rico Miguel A. , Ruiz Sara , Subirá Dolores , Barril Guillermina , Cigarrán Secundino , Castañón Susana , Quiroga Juan A. , Selgas Rafael , Carreño Vicente 
Published: November 2003

AbstractPatients with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis who are infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) may test consistently anti‐HCV negative. Because CD4+ T‐cells provide help for antibody production virus‐specific effector CD4+ T‐cell responses were investigated in relation to anti‐HCV positivity in 15 hemodialysis patients grouped according to HCV antibody and viremia. CD4+ T‐cell reactivity was studied in peripheral blood mononuclear cells by standard lymphocyte proliferation assay and phenotypic/functional characterization (cell‐surface staining/cytokine secretion) by flow cytometry. HCV‐specific CD4+ T‐cell proliferation in viremic hemodialysis patients was weak or absent independently of their anti‐HCV status. Virus‐specific CD4+ T‐cells displayed a memory phenotype and showed low to undetectable capacity to secrete effector interferon (IFN)‐γ. Impaired activation‐induced cytokine secretion appeared to be Th1 (IFN‐γ) but not Th2 (interleukin‐4)‐directed and was virus‐specific as cytomegalovirus responses were preserved. The frequency ex vivo of CD3+CD4+IFN‐γ+ T‐cells was independent of the HCV antibody status and comparable between viremic (range: 0.08–1.54%) or non‐viremic (0.11–3.2%) hemodialysis patients and healthy donors (0.13–1.10%; P = 0.58). The numbers of CD3+CD4+IFN‐γ+ T‐cells augmented slightly (P = 0.047) in HCV‐infected hemodialysis patients but markedly in only one (greater than ninefold) after HCV stimulation. In conclusion, hemodialysis patients show limited HCV‐specific effector CD4+ Th1‐cell responses which nonetheless seem unrelated to the anti‐HCV status and are not more impaired due to the ongoing hemodialysis. J. Med. Virol. 72:66–74, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Relationships of participative leadership with relational demography variables: a multi‐level perspective
Authors: Somech Anit 
Published: November 2003

AbstractRelationships of participative leadership with relational demography variables (age, tenure, education, and gender) were explored in an integrated model, combining the ALS (Average Leadership Style) and the LMX (Leader–Member Exchange) approaches to leadership. Data were collected from 561 staff members from 36 schools. The rwg and the WABA (within‐ and between‐analysis) results indicated the prevalence of the LMX model and the individual‐differences approach in explaining the relationship of the leader's participative behaviors with relational demography variables. In addition, consistent with the study hypotheses, the negative relationship between demographic dissimilarity and PDM (participative decision‐making) was stronger in short‐term superior–subordinate relationships than in longer‐term relationships. These results should encourage researchers to theorize on, and then test for levels of analysis when studying participative leadership. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the relationship between global warming, local warming in the Netherlands and changes in circulation in the 20th century
Authors: van Oldenborgh Geert Jan , Van Ulden AAD 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe temperature in De Bilt in the Netherlands has risen by 1 K over the 20th century. This rise parallels the rise in global temperature quite closely, albeit with a slightly higher amplitude. A linear relationship between the two, with a regression coefficient close to one, is an obvious first‐order approximation. This is supported by the spatial homogeneity of global warming during the 20th century, the lack of seasonality in the temperature rise, and the residuals being almost white in time.The wind direction is used as a proxy for circulation type. Locally measured wind direction gives the same results as geostrophic wind direction from pressure stations, so that systematic errors are not likely to be large. The temperature in the Netherlands, on the edge of the continent, strongly depends on the wind direction. For most wind directions and seasons the average temperature per wind direction has increased. The exception is northeasterly winds in winter, in which the variability is too large to observe a trend. The increased temperature for each wind direction can explain the observed temperature rise in all seasons within the 95% error estimates.Changes in the distribution of wind directions explain most of the interannual variability of temperature. On longer time scales, these changes have led to cooler weather in the middle of the century, but no trend is discernible over the whole century. However, in late winter and spring there is clear evidence for a change in the frequency distribution of circulation patterns affecting the Netherlands over the second half of the 20th century. During the months of February to April, more days with southwesterly wind and fewer with northeasterlies have increased the temperature even more than the observed increase in temperature per wind direction. Copyright © 2003 Royal Meteorological Society