bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Valuation and Valorization of volaille’s wastes in fabrication of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and collagen from egg shells: waste recycling.
Authors: Rouabhi Rachid , Ziani Nihal , Abbassi Anfel , Zouaoui Sara , Bouzenzana Sarra 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Around the world, large quantities of eggs are consumed in a variety of ways, producing enormous numbers of eggshells. These eggshells may wind up in landfills, rivers, or coastal waters, which may have an adverse effect on people's health, contaminate water supplies, or otherwise harm the environment. Additionally, in recent years, particular attention has been paid to industrial sectors that pollute the environment.
Eggshells have some organic membranes and contain a lot of CaCO3, although they are typically regarded as garbage. ES comprise roughly 95% calcium carbonate, and the ES membrane's fibrils are primarily made of proteins, around 10% of which are collagen (types I, V, and X).
Due to the versatility of both calcium carbonate and collagen in many fieldssuch as medicine, pharmaceutic, alimentation and cosmetic. In this study, we used waste eggshell as raw material to extract calcium carbonate and collagen as bio and natural products, in this study we gave an attempt to reduce waste eggshell, including environmental pollution, in order to preserve our health and achieve the zero-waste rule.
One (1) kg of eggshell collected from two different restaurants, we used just 100g of the extern membrane to extract CaCO3 and 50g from the inner membrane to extract collagen. The eggshells were cleaned and sterilized, both membranes were separated manually. The outer membrane was ground and mixed with 10% of acetic acid in order to extract CaCO3. The inner membrane went through two stages, the first one is the pre-treatment to remove impurity such as soluble non-collagenous compound, lipids, pigments and aftertaste. The second one is the extraction step of collagen by 0.5M of citric or acetic acid.
In this study, the presence of calcium carbonate content in ES was determined by back titration.
The result of this study was high yield of pure material of CaCO3 and collagen, the rest of the details and information you will get through the upcoming papers.
Calculating non-scalar diffraction efficiently via merging Braunbek method and Bluestein method
Authors: Yang Thomas 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Diffraction is an optical phenomenon that is commonly investigated for its applications in many optical systems, such as diffractive optical elements, microscopy, and coronagraphs. Current models for predicting diffraction typically suffer from either efficiency or accuracy. This paper addressed both issues by implementing techniques inspired by Braunbek method and Bluestein method. A modification to the Kirchhoff’s boundary conditions is used to improve the theoretical model, and the Chirp-z transform is applied instead of the fast Fourier transform for more flexible calculations. A comparison between diffraction patterns for different models shows that the new method exceeds in accuracy. A comparison of time between numerical methods demonstrates that the chirp-z transform is faster in computation than the fast Fourier transform by about a minute. The method introduced provides many implications, such as the enhancement of dynamic optical systems and the improvement of flexibility in other realms of numerical Fourier transform.
Alterations in the transcript level of the CNTNAP2 gene could conceivably influence verbal Theory of Mind and estimate autism likelihood
Authors: Ghamari Rana , Tahmaseb Mohammad , Alizadeh Fatemeh , Mohammadzadeh Azar , Tavakolian Najmeh , Sarabi-Jamab Atiye , Tehrani-Doost Mehdi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Social cognition impairments in autism are supposed to be related to impairments in Theory of Mind (ToM), which is the ability to attribute mental states to oneself and others. Language and ToM are intertwined components, and higher-order ToM manifestations cannot be achieved without language competencies. CNTNAP2 gene is associated with language and social cognition skills. Heretofore, no study has assessed the association of CNTNAP2expression with ASD and ToM. This study aimed at assessing CNTNAP2expression alteration in autistics and modeling autism leveraging cognitive and genetic measures. 43 children and adolescents with autism and 44 typically developed (TD) peers participated in the study. Real-time PCR was used to measure CNTNAP2 expression alteration. To assess verbal and non-verbal ToM and social functioning, Happe's Strange Stories test, Frith-Happe' animations, and social responsiveness scale were employed. Compared to TD group, we found a significant CNTNAP2 downregulation in autistic individuals. Moreover, the CNTNAP2 expression in TD group was significantly correlated with verbal ToM. Finally, the cognitive model suggested that non-verbal ToM parameters and CNTNAP2 expression could predict autism likelihood, and verbal ToM abilities moderate CNTNAP2 expression. Briefly, we found downregulation of CNTNAP2 in autistic individuals. Also, our results suggest a molecular-cognitive model for autism.
Explicit optical solitons of a perturbed Biswas-Milovic equation having parabolic-law nonlinearity and spatio-temporal dispersion
Authors: CINAR Melih 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Objective – This paper deals with a new variant of the Biswas-Milovic equation, referred to as the perturbed Biswas-Milovic equation with parabolic-law nonlinearity in spatio-temporal dispersion. To our best knowledge, the considered equation which models the pulse propagation in optical fiber is studied for the first time, and the abundant optical solitons are successfully obtained utilizing the auxiliary equation method.
Methods – Utilizing a wave transformation technique on the considered Biswas-Milovic equation, and by distinguishing its real and imaginary components, we have been able to restructure the considered equation into a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The solutions for these ordinary differential equations, suggested by the auxiliary equation method, include certain undetermined parameters. These solutions are then incorporated into the nonlinear ordinary differential equation, leading to the formation of an algebraic equation system by collecting like terms of the unknown function and setting their coefficients to zero. The undetermined parameters, and consequently the solutions to the Biswas-Milovic equation, are derived by resolving this system.
Results – 3D, 2D, and contour graphs of the solution functions are plotted and interpreted to understand the physical behavior of the model. Furthermore, we also investigate the impact of the parameters such as the spatio-temporal dispersion and the parabolic nonlinearity on the behavior of the soliton.
Conclusion – The new model and findings may contribute to the understanding and characterization of the nonlinear behavior of pulse propagation in optical fibers, which is crucial for the development of optical communication systems.
Monitoring stratospheric morphology with cosmic-ray muons
Authors: Tanaka Hiroyuki K.M. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Anthropogenic-tropospheric-warming-induced Arctic stratospheric cooling can extend the longevity of the ozone hole, and may also have a significant influence on sudden stratospheric warming which can cause extreme weather events in Eurasia and North America. In order to quantify the mechanism of these influences, extensive numerical modeling studies have been conducted. These modeling studies currently depend on data from balloon networks or satellite-based “microwave sounders”. However, the balloon measurements give only localized pin-point data for short periods of time. Also, there are not enough microwave sounder devices currently in operation to provide continuous observations worldwide and some units are old and becoming outdated. Therefore, a new method is required to monitor the stratosphere (operating either solo or in tandem with balloons/satellites). In this paper, a new kind of muographic imagery technique called stratomap to map out spatiotemporal isobaric height variations of the lower stratosphere is proposed and demonstrated for the first time: seasonal variations in the lower stratosphere located above the southernmost Japan mainland were “stratomapped” out. It is anticipated that stratospheric morphology data will be useful for the numerical modeling of stratospheric dynamics since the spatiotemporal information on stratospheric deformation has strong links to stratospheric dynamics. Stratomap has the potential to improve our understanding of this crucial topic by providing an alternative/additional option for monitoring and providing up-to-date stratospheric data.
Study on Precursor Distribution of a No-inner-wall Deposition Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet Used for Thin Film Deposition
Authors: He Tao , Qian Zhixin , Wang Qin , Zhang Yu , Wang Haoze , Zhang Jing , Fei Xiang , Xu Yu 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
An atmospheric pressure jet that effectively prevents inner wall deposition has been developed, and its precursor distribution and thin-film deposition characteristics have been studied. Through flow field simulation and particle tracing methods, it has been demonstrated that, under the protection of high-velocity discharge gas, the reactants will not diffuse to the inner wall of the plasma jet device, effectively preventing wall deposition. The pattern of the deposited film closely resembles the diffusion pattern of the precursor within the plasma jet apparatus. By investigating deposited films in different regions, the influence of precursor distribution on film morphology and composition has been studied. This plasma device offers a stable plasma plume for thin film deposition and nanoparticle preparation.
Analysing Temporal Cluster Evolution using Classification
Authors: Bhatia Piyush , Attrey Prince 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Retailers operating across diverse locations and scales encounter operational challenges when devising business strategies that must accommodate the inherent heterogeneity among their stores. Traditionally, this complexity is tackled by clustering similar stores together. Over time, however, stores begin to behave differently. These changes might be due to the evolution of the purchasing behavior of customers, or due to changes in assortment and other macro-economic factors. These changes come to notice only once the business strategies start to fail and eventually lead to re-clustering of stores which brings along the time and effort required in creating and implementing updated business strategies as per newly formed clusters. It is reactive instead of proactive. Cluster stability analysis provides an efficient way to tackle this. Stability is built on top of clusters and is independent of the clustering algorithm used. The solution makes use of the original clustering data to build a classification model (Catboost Classifier), which can help assess the current state of the clusters, suggest store movement or re-clustering if the changes are drastic. The choice of clustering algorithm depends on the data, but to make it simple, Pycarate module has been embedded to suggest the best algorithm. When compared to the existing system, the cluster-and-classify system offers retailers an edge by recommending store movements during the course of the business cycle while maintaining cluster profiles and business strategies. This solution was tested on 2 different retailers where the results generated were similar to those received after re-clustering. This solution reduces the time required for re-clustering and saves efforts which would otherwise go into creating new business strategies on the newly formed store clusters, ranging from a few weeks to months
Improvement of the Simulated Southern Hemisphere Stratospheric Polar Vortex across Series of CMIPs
Authors: Feng Kexiang , Rao Jian , Chen Haohan , Ren Rongcai , Guo Dong 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Modeling of the Antarctic stratospheric polar vortex from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 3 (CMIP3) to phase 6 (CMIP6) is evaluated in this study. On average, a wide coverage of warm biases appears in the Antarctic stratosphere, which is greatest in the early CMIP and is gradually diminished in the two later CMIPs with the number of models producing QBO increasing. Four metrics of the Antarctic stratospheric polar vortex are assessed for three generations of CMIPs. Biases such as the overly weak strength, the overly large aspect ratio and the westward drifted vortex centroid are commonly shared across the CMIPs. While with improvements of the model resolution, model top, interactive chemistry and physical process, the intermodel spread narrows generation by generation, especially for high-top models than low-models in the simulation of vortex area. Further, Intermodel spread of Antarctic stratospheric vortex is obviously associated with the bias of austral winter sea surface temperature (SST). Specifically, a warm SST bias in the southern oceans, including southern Indian Ocean and southern Niño 1 + 2 regions is significantly linked to the weaker vortex strength and the westward-displaced vortex centroid, which can be partly attributed to the modifying of the upward propagations of planetary waves in tropical and extratropical oceans. The strengthened relationships in the focused regions further confirms the importance of the SST simulation for the stratosphere vortex simulation. In general, despite biases of the polar vortex existing across CMIPs, marked progresses have been achieved for most models.
Land use and land cover dynamics influence the thermal stress spread and energy demands
Authors: Adeyeri Oluwafemi E. , Zhou Wen , Laux Patrick , Wang Xuan , Dieng Diarra , Widana Lakshani A.E. , Usman Muhammad 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This study examined the interaction between land use land cover (LULC) dynamics and thermal stress distribution using the universal thermal comfort index (UTCI) and different LULC classifications under two Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (i.e., SSP 370 and 585) climate and land use scenarios for the historical (1959–2014) and future period (2045–2100). The moderate to strong cold stress in the annual and winter climatology in the midlatitudes was replaced by no thermal stress in the summer, while the summertime ranged from moderate to strong heat stress. A negative correlation was observed between thermal stress and southern hemispheric primary forests. Perennial croplands had the most dynamic active change intensities during the historical period. Primary nonforest and secondary forests actively influenced global thermal stress. Areas in the tropics recording moderate heat stress coincided with secondary nonforest, pastureland and annual cropland expansions. The conversion of forest to range land and croplands and the subsequent negative forest trends increased the severity of thermal stress. The future projection showed more intense thermal stress; however, the SSP 585 signals were more potent. As a result, cooling demands will rise, and heating demands will decline; yet, improved thermal comfort necessitates a higher cooling capacity, especially in the summer. Thermal stress may make it difficult for many cooling systems to meet people’s energy demands. These could be a driving factor in shaping better land use policies, improved energy demand preparedness and elucidating the potentially severe impacts of thermal stress.
Effects of Acupoint Stimulation Combined with Low-frequency Pulsed Electrotherapy on Labor Pain in Women undergoing Trial of Labor: protocol for a stepped wedge cluster randomized controlled trial
Authors: Gu Yiyun , Wang Xiaojiao , Zhu Chunxiang , Min Hui , Zhang Jialu , Mao Liping , Gao Hua , Sun Hangyun , Zhu Xinli , Gu Chunyi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background:Pain experienced during childbirth can have significant impacts on the progress of labor, as well as on the well-being of the mother and the fetus. The effective management of labor pain is a crucial aspect of childbirth management. Non-pharmacological methods of pain relief offer notable advantages compared to pharmacological approaches, including enhanced maternal and fetal safety, equitable healthcare access, and increased availability. Among the non-pharmacological options, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and acupoint stimulation are two commonly used methods for pain relief during labor. However, the clinical effects of these options are still inconsistent, inhibiting the generation of high-quality evidence for clinical practice. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of acupoint stimulation combined with low-frequency pulsed electrotherapy on labor pain in women undergoing trial of labor.Methods:This is a 12-month stepped wedge cluster randomized trial that will be conducted in 4 labor and delivery units (LDU) at the Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University. Each unit will receive four types of interventions: TENS, acupoint stimulation, TENS combined acupoint stimulation, and control. We aim to recruit approximately 588 pregnant women. The project will be evaluated using both quantitative and qualitative data. Quantitative data will include the visual analog scale (VAS) scores, non-pharmacological to pharmacological pain management interval (NPI), rate of epidural analgesia, and childbirth outcomes. Qualitative data will include interviews with the women and midwives.Discussion:We introduce a new outcome indicator called nonpharmacological to pharmacological pain management interval (NPI) in our study to monitor whether the use of non-pharmacological pain relief measures can delay or avoid the use of epidural analgesia, in order to improve women’s childbirth experience and maternal-fetal health outcomes. In addition, the combination of qualitative and quantitative methods will also enrich the research of TENS and acupoint stimulation technology in the field of non-pharmacological labor pain relief and provide high-quality evidence for the future development of industry standards and guidelines.Trial registration:The study has been registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry on March 23, 2023, with registration number ChiCTR2300069705.Trial registration number ChiCTR2300069705.
Machine Learning based Analysis of the Effect of Team Competition on College Students’ Academic Performance
Authors: Zhang Huiling , Wu Huatao , Li Zhengde , Gong Wenwen , Yan Yan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

In the field of Mobile Edge Computing (MEC), machine learning techniques present a promising avenue for intelligent integration and processing of data from MEC terminals. Our study delves into the intersection of Machine Learning with MEC terminal data, exploring the complexity of team competition mechanisms based on social identity and competition theory. This exploration aims to enhance student participation and enthusiasm within university classrooms. However, despite of its potential benefit, there are still many unresolved issues: What type of students and teams benefit more from team competition? In what teaching context is team competition more effective? Which competition design methods better increase student academic performance? To answer these questions, we first de-sign a randomized field experiment among freshmen enrolled in college English course. Then, we collected data using mobile devices and analyzed the observational data to predict the individual treatment effect of academic performance in college English through linear and nonlinear machine learning models. Finally, by carefully investigating features of teams and individual student, we reduce the prediction error by up to 30%. In addition, through interpreting the predictive models, we discover some valuable insights regarding the practice of team competition in college classrooms.
Stable Elastic Nail Application with Poller K-wire for Pediatric Irreducible Distal Radius Metaphyseal-Diaphyseal Junction Fractures: A New Operative Technique
Authors: HOROZ Levent , CAKMAK Mehmet Fevzi , KIRCIL Cihan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Surgical treatment of irreducible distal radius diaphyseal- metaphyseal junction fractures involves difficulties as the fracture remains too proximal for K-wire fixation and too distal for the elastic stable intramedullary nail. Our study aims to present the clinical results of applying an elastic stable intramedullary nail with a poller K-wire to achieve both reduction and stable fixation.
Patients and Methods
A retrospective analysis was performed on 26 patients who underwent ESIN with a poller K-wire for distal radius diaphyseal-metaphyseal region fracture. Reduction parameters such as residual angulation and alignment were evaluated on postoperative follow-up radiographs. Changes in angular and alignment parameters on follow-up radiographs were recorded. Wrist and forearm functions at the last follow-up were evaluated.
Result
There were 17 male and nine female patients with an average age of 10.9. The residual angulation in sagittal and coronal planes on immediate postoperative radiographs was 3° and 4°, respectively. The mean translation rate on immediate postoperative radiographs was 5% and 6% in the sagittal and coronal planes, respectively. No change was observed in translation rates in the last follow-ups, with an average of 1° of change in the coronal plane and 2° in the sagittal plane. No tendon injury or neurovascular injury was observed in any of the patients.
Conclusion
In the surgical treatment of pediatric distal radius diaphyseal metaphyseal junctional fractures, applying elastic stable intramedullary nailing with poller K-wire is an effective, safe, and novel method for achieving reduction and stable fixation.
Comparison of 17β-estradiol, bisphenol-A and caffeine concentration levels before and after the water treatment plant
Authors: Schmitt Graziela Taís , Caetano Marcelo Oliveira , Marques Vinícius Martins , Kieling Amanda Gonçalves , Launay Marie , Acosta Muñiz Lilia Itzel , Gomes Luciana Paulo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

This article compares the concentration levels of 17β-estradiol (E2), bisphenol-A (BPA) and caffeine (CAF) in the Sinos River, Brazil, which is a source of drinking water and the presence of contaminants after the conventional treatment in a municipal water treatment plant (WTP). A total of nine sampling campaigns were carried out, with sample collection in the Sinos River, upstream and downstream of the WTP, in addition to a drinking water sample (DW). The samples were extracted with solid phase extraction (SPE) and the concentration by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The maximum concentration in the Sinos River was 6,127.99 ng·L−1 for E2, 3,294.63 ng·L−1 for BPA and 1,221.95 ng·L−1 for CAF. In drinking water, the concentration range of E2, BPA and CAF was from less than the Detection Limit (DL) up to 437.50 ng·L−1, &lt;DL up to 2,573.34 ng·L−1 and &lt;DL up to 832.30 ng·L−1, respectively. In conclusion, the concentrations of these pollutants present in the Sinos River are high, which may represent a negative environmental impact on this water source. Drinking water indicates the need for a new treatment process that could promote the removal of these compounds.