bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of patient-based disease activity score (PDAS) in the Japanese rheumatoid arthritis patient registry (NinJa registry)
Authors: Shoda Hirofumi , Matsui Toshihiro , Tohma Shigeto , Sawada Tetsuji 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objective
Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) should be regarded as an important factor in the management of rheumatic diseases. The Patient-based disease activity score (PDAS) was developed as a clinically reliable composite measure for evaluating PROs in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. To replicate and further characterize PDAS, we analyzed PDAS and its clinical relevancy in the National Database of Rheumatic Diseases in Japan (NinJa).

Methods
Clinical data from the 2022 version of NinJa were analyzed. PDAS1 was calculated for each patient, and statistical analyses, including correlation analyses and multiple regression analysis, were conducted to evaluate the relationship between PDAS1 and other clinical measures. Propensity score (PS) matching was used to compare patients treated with different types of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs).

Results
The number of included patients was 11983. PDAS1 demonstrated strong correlations with DAS28(ESR) (R = 0.89, p&lt; 2.2x1016) and CDAI, indicating its utility in assessing disease activity. The majority of patients (71.8%) achieved PDAS1-defined remission, aligning closely with DAS28 and CDAI remission. PDAS1 was significantly associated with serum rheumatoid factor (RF) titers (R = 0.25, p&lt; 0.001), and RF-positive patients exhibited higher PDAS1 scores. Notably, PS matched comparison revealed that PDAS1 was lower in patients treated with IL-6 inhibitors, compared with those treated with TNF inhibitors, reflecting differences in lower patient global assessment.

Conclusion
PDAS1 is a reliable and useful tool for evaluating both disease activity and the functional state of RA patients, particularly from the perspective of PROs. Additionally, PDAS1 can be used for conducting clinical studies in RA patients.
Does the level of cash always increase with firm size? Theory and evidence from small firms
Authors: Kakhbod Ali , Reppen A Max , Umar Tarik , Xing Hao 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Large firms typically increase their cash holdings as they grow to buffer against greater cash flow volatility. However, data on 11.2 million small firms show the opposite: cash levels decline as firms expand. We explain this phenomenon through a liquidity management model. Small firms with limited cash flows rely on cash reserves for investment due to costly external financing. As they grow, they do not fully replenish their cash reserves because investment incentives decrease, and increased cash flows support more of their anticipated investments. This mechanism generates a negative correlation between cash holdings and firm size among small firms.