bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
"Knowledge regarding cardiopulmonary resuscitation among health assistants in Nepal: A cross-sectional study"
Authors: Singh Bivek , Shankar Pathiyil Ravi 
Published: November 2023

Background
Health assistants play a crucial role in healthcare delivery, particularly in remote and rural areas of Nepal. They should have adequate lifesaving and resuscitation skills. Therefore, assessing their cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) knowledge is essential.

Objective
To evaluate the knowledge of CPR among health assistants (HAs) in Nepal and explore if there were variations in knowledge scores based on the demographic characteristics of the participants.

Methods
A quantitative cross-sectional research design was used. The study population included HAs registered with the Nepal Health Professional Council (NHPC) who completed three years of training. Non-probability convenience sampling was employed. Data was collected using an online survey based on the 2020 American Heart Association guidelines. Demographic information and participants’ knowledge levels were noted.

Results
The study involved 500 HAs, with the majority being male and working in government hospitals. Most participants were from Madhesh Province, and the median age was 26 years. Only a fraction of the participants had received training in CPR, and none of them had ever performed CPR. The median knowledge scores were higher among males and among respondents from Madhesh, Lumbini, Karnali, and Sudhurpaschim provinces. The HA’s knowledge of the correct depth of CPR compression for children (21%) and infants (17.4%) was limited. CPR scores were different according to variables like training, theory understanding, and practice duration, among others. The findings highlighted the need for more practical training and regular refresher courses to enhance HAs ability to provide life-saving interventions.

Conclusion
The study revealed less CPR knowledge and a lack of practical training among HAs in Nepal. To improve healthcare outcomes, providing practical training and ongoing education on CPR is crucial. The findings can contribute to curriculum development and policy changes in healthcare delivery.
Narcissus’ belief about his body: Aspects of narcissism, body image, and eating disorder symptoms
Authors: Szymczak Piotr , Talbot Daniel , Gritti Emanuela S. , Jonason Peter K. 
Published: November 2023

Objective
Narcissism may play a role in shaping body image concerns. Here we examined the relationships between narcissism (i.e., agentic extraversion, antagonism, narcissistic neuroticism, leadership/authority, exhibitionism/entitlement) and body image concerns and disturbances (i.e., drive for thinness, drive for muscularity, eating disorder symptoms, body mass index, current/desired fat, and current/desired muscularity).

Methods
Mechanical Turk workers from the USA (N = 430; 64% male) completed the Narcissistic Admiration and Rivalry Questionnaire, the Hypersensitive Narcissism Scale, the Narcissistic Personality Inventory, the Drive for Muscularity Scale, the Drive for Thinness Scale, the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire–Short, and the Sex-Specific Somatomorphic Matrixes.

Results
All narcissistic factors were associated with a greater drive for thinness (except for leadership/authority) and for muscularity, more eating disorder symptoms, a greater desired body fat (except for leadership/authority), and a greater current muscularity. Greater agentic extraversion and exhibitionism/entitlement were associated with lower levels of current body fat, and greater antagonism was associated with a greater desired muscularity.

Discussion
Notably, individual differences in narcissism appeared to be important in understanding body image concerns, broadly speaking. We found that narcissism may be associated with body image concerns among both sexes differently, and especially that drive for thinness was more related to narcissism in men. Our results emphasize the importance of narcissism in formulating and treating body image-related disorders for both men and women. Ultimately, narcissistic features of personality may be risk factors for developing and perpetuating body image concerns, and therefore should be considered in assessment, formulation, diagnosis, and treatment of eating disorders.
The neuroprotective potential of mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow and human exfoliated deciduous teeth in a murine model of demyelination
Authors: Kråkenes Torbjørn , Wergeland Stig , Al-Sharabi Niyaz , Mohamed-Ahmed Samih , Fromreide Siren , Costea Daniela-Elana , Mustafa Kamal , Bø Lars , Kvistad Christopher Elnan 
Published: November 2023

Introduction
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by chronic inflammation, demyelination, and axonal degeneration within the central nervous system (CNS), for which there is no current treatment available with the ability to promote neuroprotection or remyelination. Some aspects of the progressive form of MS are displayed in the murine cuprizone model, where demyelination is induced by the innate immune system without major involvement of the adaptive immune system. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells with immunomodulatory and neuroprotective potential. In this study, we aimed to assess the neuroprotective potential of MSCs from bone marrow (BM-MSCs) and stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) in the cuprizone model.

Methods
Human BM-MSCs and SHED were isolated and characterized. Nine-week-old female C57BL/6 mice were randomized to receive either human BM-MSCs, human SHED or saline intraperitoneally. Treatments were administered on day -1, 14 and 21. Outcomes included levels of local demyelination and inflammation, and were assessed with immunohistochemistry and histology.

Results
BM-MSCs were associated with increased myelin content and reduced microglial activation whereas mice treated with SHED showed reduced microglial and astroglial activation. There were no differences between treatment groups in numbers of mature oligodendrocytes or axonal injury. MSCs were identified in the demyelinated corpus callosum in 40% of the cuprizone mice in both the BM-MSC and SHED group.

Conclusion
Our results suggest a neuroprotective effect of MSCs in a toxic MS model, with demyelination mediated by the innate immune system.
PM2.5 Estimation in the Czech Republic using Extremely Randomized Trees: A Comprehensive Data Analysis
Authors: Ibrahim Saleem , Landa Martin , Matoušková Eva , Brodský Lukáš , Halounová Lena 
Published: November 2023

The accuracy of artificial intelligence techniques in estimating air quality is contingent upon a multitude of influencing factors. Unlike our previous study that examined PM2.5 over whole Europe using unbalanced spatial-temporal data, the focus of this study was on estimating PM2.5 specifically over the Czech Republic using more balanced dataset to train and evaluate the model. Moreover, the spatial autocorrelation between the ground-based station was taken into consideration while building the model. The feature importance while developing the Extra Trees model revealed that spatial autocorrelation had greater significance in comparison to commonly used inputs such as elevation and NDVI. We found that R2 of the 10-CV for the new model was 16% higher than the previous one. R2 reached 0.85 when predicting unseen data in new locations. The developed spatiotemporal model was employed to generate comprehensive daily maps covering the entire study area throughout the 2018–2020 years. The temporal analysis showed that the levels of PM2.5 exceeded recommended limits of 20 µg/m3 during the year 2018 in many regions. The eastern part of the country suffered from the highest concentrations especially over Zlín and Moravian-Silesian Regions where in the 2018 winter, the values reached risky average concentrations of 30 µg/m3 and 35 µg/m3 respectively. Air quality improved during the next two years in all regions reaching promising levels in 2020 where almost all regions had average concentrations less than 20 µg/m3. The generated dataset will be available for other future air quality studies.
Effectiveness of the treatment of depression associated with cancer and neuroimaging changes in depression-related brain regions in patients treated with the mediator-deuterium acupuncture method
Authors: Lian Jianlun , Sun Weiyuan , Dong Fang , Zhu Xueliang , Sun Xue , Jia Songtao , Gao Limin , Wei Meimei 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Cancer patients should be concerned about depression, which can negatively impact their mental health. To develop efficient therapies, it is essential to comprehend the connection between cancer and depression. This study used neuroimaging to investigate the use of mediator-deuterium acupuncture (MDA) for people with cancer-induced depression and its effects on brain regions associated with depression. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and neurocognitive testing were conducted on the participants, and statistical package for the social sciences was utilized to analyze the behavioral data. Clinical and theoretical data were analyzed to evaluate acupuncture’s effectiveness against gynecological cancer. In the research, there were 40 participants, 20 in each group. Except for psychomotor speed, there was no discernible difference in pre-chemotherapy cognitive test results between patients and healthy controls (HCs). However, there were substantial differences in post-treatment cognition test results, showing that the patient group had progressed. According to longitudinal graph analysis, the patient group’s local and global brain efficiency significantly declined, and lower local efficiency was associated with lower raw Trail Making Test-A results. Furthermore, poorer verbal memory scores were associated with lower overall performance in the sick group but not in the HC group. According to the research, MDA has potential as a supplemental therapy since it may improve brain function and address depression-related neurological abnormalities in cancer patients. More research is required to fully comprehend the variations between cancer and depression-related brain areas during patient therapy, maybe incorporating MDA.
Cardiovascular risk evaluation in pregnancy: focus on cardiac specific biomarkers
Authors: Aldo Clerico , Martina Zaninotto , Alberto Aimo , Mario Plebani 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Despite the evidence demonstrating the clinical utility of cardiac specific biomarkers in improving cardiovascular risk evaluation in several clinical conditions, even the most recent reviews and guidelines fail to consider their measurement in order to enhance the accuracy of the evaluation of cardiovascular risk in pregnant women. The aim of this review article was to examine whether the assay of cardiac specific biomarkers can enhance cardiovascular risk evaluation in pregnant women, first by reviewing the relationships between the physiological state of pregnancy and cardiac specific biomarkers. The clinical relevance of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP)/NT-proBNP and high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I/high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnI/hs-cTnT) assay in improving cardiovascular risk evaluation is examined based on the results of clinical studies on subjects with normal and those with complicated pregnancy. Finally, the analytical approaches and clinical objectives related to cardio specific biomarkers are advocated in order to allow an early and more accurate evaluation of cardiovascular risk in pregnant women.
In vitro exploration of Hypsizygus ulmarius (Bull.) mushroom fruiting bodies: Potential antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory agent
Authors: Al-Faqeeh Lena Ahmed Saleh , Naser Rafiuddin , SR Kagne , Khan Subur W. , Al-Qadsy Inas , Haidyrah Ahmed S. , Al-Owais Ahmad Abdulaziz , Christy Maria , Saeed Waseem Sharaf 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The growing interest in exploring mushrooms and their bioactive components as potential therapies for diabetes and inflammatory conditions has prompted our investigation. In this study, we examined the methanolic extract, as well as the petroleum ether and ethyl acetate fractions, derived from the fruiting bodies of Hypsizygus ulmarius and assessed the potential in vitro anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic effects. The inhibition of salivary α-amylase, salivary sucrase, and α-glucosidase enzymes by the methanolic extract and its fractions was used to measure the level of antidiabetic activity. Further, the inhibitory effects of the enzymes lipoxygenase (LOX), cyclooxygenase (COX), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were tested to assess the anti-inflammatory efficacy of the methanolic extract and its fractions. The fraction containing ethyl acetate has been demonstrated to have the highest level of in vitro antidiabetic effect, exhibiting IC50 values of 44.93, 27.70, and 44.75 μg/ml for salivary α-amylase, salivary sucrase, and α-glucosidase enzymes, respectively. Moreover, the fraction of ethyl acetate revealed the greatest in vitro anti-inflammatory action, with IC50 values of 25.67 μg/ml for LOX, 34.04 μg/ml for COX, and 38.71 μg/ml for MPO.
China’s Central Role in the Globalization and Slowbalization Trends
Authors: Herrero Alicia Garcia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
China has played a central role in the previous phase of hiper-globalization but also in the ongoing phase of slowbalization, characterized by the decreasing size of global value chains which started after the global financial crisis in 2008. More recently, US-China strategic competition is contributing to the slowbalization process, especially in the technology space. Against such backdrop, China is reducing its dependence on the outside world, betting on technological self-reliance and working hard to build its own ecosystem. However, such trend does not mean isolation; on the contrary, China actively shapes its unique form of globalization by creating its own neighbourhood or area of economic influence. A prominent example of this effort is the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), which aims at increasing China’s soft – and possibly hard – power with a hub and spoke approach.
Test automation for augmented reality applications: a development process model and case study
Authors: Minor Sascha , Ketoma Vix Kemanji , Meixner Gerrit 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Poor software quality results in avoidable costs of trillion dollars annually in the United States alone. Augmented Reality (AR) applications are a relatively new software category. Currently there are no standards to guide the development process and testing is predominantly ad hoc and manual. Consequently, design guidelines and software test automation techniques are intended to remedy the situation. Here, we present a concept for test automation of AR applications. The concept consists of two parts: design guidelines and process model for testing AR applications, and a case study with a prototype application for test automation. The design guidelines and the process model are based on the state-of-the-art. The prototype application presented in this article demonstrates test automation for a multi-platform AR application for Android devices as well as the HoloLens 2. The presented test automation case study is designed to cover a large part of the functions, such as the different interaction variants. This research work shows that by using the proposed process model and test automation techniques, testing of some features of AR applications can be automated. The results of this research can serve as a basis for future research and contribution towards AR application development standardization efforts.
Partim donis, partim remissione obsidum captivorumque:
la diplomacia de rehenes y regalos en la Segunda Guerra Púnica en Hispania
Authors: Moreno Eduardo Sánchez , Cardiel Jorge García 
Published: November 2023

Resumen
A lo largo de la Segunda Guerra Púnica, los distintos agentes intervinientes en el frente hispano recurrieron constantemente a la diplomacia, materializada a menudo en el intercambio de regalos. El presente artículo analiza estos intercambios, centrándose en un tipo de dones singularmente valiosos: los seres humanos de estirpe aristocrática previamente reducidos a la condición de rehenes o cautivos. Su eventual liberación, espontánea y unilateral, y las respuestas suscitadas entre sus familiares y comunidades de origen, se comprende mejor desde el punto de vista de las dinámicas de intercambio de dones diplomáticos, generadoras, por definición, de gratitud, ansiedad y reciprocidad entre los interlocutores. En tanto que canal de comunicación, la materialidad diplomática – esto es, la circulación de bienes de prestigio, rehenes, promesas… – sirvió para tejer redes de alianza y para consolidar asimetrías políticas en un escenario bélico progresivamente extensivo y multipolar.
Animal representations in Margaret Atwood’s novels: a study based on pan-indexicality model
Authors: Zhu Jing , Kang Jiying , Duan Chunyun 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Margaret Atwood is a Canadian author of more than thirty-five books and the winner of prestigious literary prizes, such as the Booker Prize, the Giller Prize, and the Governor General’s Award. Her influence on Canadian literature and contemporary literature as a whole is phenomenal. Nevertheless, little is known with respect to how Atwood represents animals covering the full range of her novels. This paper reports on the analysis of animal representations in Atwood’s seventeen novels through Python programming and close reading under the framework of a new semiotic research finding, a pan-indexicality model within the context of literature and the environment. This study investigates the frequencies of animal vocabulary in the seventeen novels, the changes of animal representations in her novels before 1990s and after 1990s, and the implication of the ever-changing animal representations during the fifty years. This paper concludes that nonhuman animal descriptions in Atwood’s novels of 1970s and 1980s run at a high level and decrease in her novels of 1990s, while scientific animal descriptions increase in her novels of 2000s and 2010s. Nonhuman animals in her novels of 1970s and 1980s are instrumentalized as a vehicle for indigenization and national individuation from the United States, and scientific animals in her novels of 2000s and 2010s are instrumentalized in the service of environmental apocalypticism. This study suggests that the pan-indexicality model can be employed to understand the meaning of signs in literature and the environment from the perspective of authorial intention, with reference to authors’ encyclopedic knowledge, personal experience, social, and cultural background information.
Construction of immunogenic cell death-related molecular subtypes and prognostic signature in colorectal cancer
Authors: Yu Chun , Yang Weixuan , Tian Li , Qin Yue , Gong Yaoyao , Cheng Wenfang 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Immunotherapy is a promising treatment for advanced colorectal cancers (CRCs). However, immunotherapy resistance remains a common problem. Immunogenic cell death (ICD), a form of regulated cell death, induces adaptive immunity, thereby enhancing anti-tumor immunity. Research increasingly suggests that inducing ICD is a promising avenue for cancer immunotherapy and identifying ICD-related biomarkers for CRCs would create a new direction for targeted therapies. Thus, this study used bioinformatics to address these questions and create a prognostic signature, aiming to improve individualized CRC treatment. We identified two ICD -related molecular subtypes of CRCs. The high subtype showed pronounced immune cell infiltration, high immune activity, and high expression of human leukocyte antigen and immune checkpoints genes. Subsequently, we constructed and validated a prognostic signature comprising six genes (CD1A, TSLP, CD36, TIMP1, MC1R, and NRG1) using random survival forest analyses. Further analysis using this prediction model indicated that patients with CRCs in the low-risk group exhibited favorable clinical outcomes and better immunotherapy responses than those in the high-risk group. Our findings provide novel insights into determining the prognosis and design of personalized immunotherapeutic strategies for patients with CRCs.
Spectral analysis of variable-order multi-terms fractional differential equations
Authors: Shah Kamal , Abdeljawad Thabet , Jeelani Mdi Begum , Alqudah Manar A. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this work, a numerical scheme based on shifted Jacobi polynomials (SJPs) is deduced for variable-order fractional differential equations (FDEs). We find numerical solution of consider problem of fractional order. The proposed numerical scheme is based on operational matrices of variable-order differentiation and integration. To create the mentioned operational matrices for variable-order integration and differentiation, SJPs are used. Using the aforementioned operational matrices, we change the problem under consideration into matrix equation. The resultant matrix equation is solved by using Matlab, which executes the Gauss elimination method to provide the necessary numerical solution. The technique is effective and produced reliable outcomes. To determine the effectiveness of the suggested method, the results are compared to the outcomes of some other numerical procedure. Additional examples are included in this article to further clarify the process. For various scale levels and fractional-order values, absolute errors are also recorded.
Heterotopias and the facesphere: “Living Pictures: Photography in Southeast Asia”
Authors: Barbotto Silvia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This exploration of the works of various authors and artists will bring us to a philosophical contemplation of the portrait as a heterotopic space. On one hand, a portrait represents the faces of the self and others, embodying both individuality and collectivity. On the other hand, the space within the conventional frame of a portrait transforms from a mere representation of documented reality to a co-constructed and reified form of expression. The article is divided in three parts. The first part sinks into Lotman’s epistemic groundwork on culture, space, and especially art as a founding philosophical and analytical reference and will also outline the relationship and difference between the semiophere and the facesphere. The second part focuses on establishing a relationship between the facesphere and the heterotopic idea of space and portrait genre. Here the article explores Michael Foucault’s thought in relation to heterotopic space, later proposed in association with the space of the portrait. The third part is devoted to establishing relationships between the theoretical background and the analysis of case studies belonging to the portrait genre selected from photographic works in “Living Pictures: Photography in Southeast Asia,” an exhibition at the National Gallery in Singapore. I will conclude with some brief considerations to summarize the path taken.