bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automatic Solder Joints Layout Algorithm Based on Electrostatics Model
Authors: Yang Wangjun , Cui Zihang , Duan Jiayi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Currently, there are many automated algorithms for solder joints layout, such as genetic algorithms, ant colony algorithms, and neural network-based algorithms. The goal of these algorithms is to find the best solder joint layout to improve the quality of welding. However, due to the limited space in mobile phones, sandwich boards are widely used, and their structure determines that the number of solder joints should be increased as much as possible to enhance the flexibility of the device layout. This article proposes an automatic solder joint layout algorithm based on the electrostatics model for the solder joint layout problem on PCB frame boards and LGA boards. The solder joint and frame board are mapped as charged bodies. The position of each solder joint is continuously iteratively corrected so that the total potential energy of the system is zero, thereby satisfying the constraints to obtain a reasonable layout of the solder joint and increase the number of solder joint layouts. Experimental results show that this algorithm can achieve the maximum automatic layout of solder joints on PCB frame boards and LGA boards, and the space utilization rate can reach 95.5% of the theoretical maximum value.
An LDO without a Capacitor Required in Applications
Authors: Shi Leilei , Fan Jiaqi , Huang Shengming 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Linear voltage regulator with low voltage dropout is widely used in DC/DC circuits because of the advantages of simple structure, low noise, high efficiency, and small package size. In this paper, high stability LDO linear voltage regulator with low static current is designed. By using a voltage detection module, the pass transistor in the regulator can be quickly regulated or switched on and off under load transient conditions. In addition, the stability of the LDO is improved by using an NMOS pass transistor and diode clamp architecture. The test results show that the typical values of linear adjustment and load adjustment of the voltage regulator are 20 mV and 200 mV, respectively. The maximum output current is 60 mA, the load current is 20 mA, and the output pressure difference under 4.8 V output voltage is 210 mV. Compared with traditional LDO, although the output current is not the maximum, the difference and stability of output pressure are greatly improved.
Super-Twisting Sliding Mode Active Disturbance Rejection Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Based on Vector Control
Authors: Li Runze , Fang Wei , Wang Shuai 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The vector control speed regulation system of the permanent magnet synchronous motor founded on traditional control has some weaknesses of poor rapidity and robustness, and it is hard to satisfy the current control requirements. A new control method combining active disturbance rejection control technology with improved super-twisting sliding mode control technology (STSM-ADRC) comes up. In active disturbance rejection control, the tracking differentiator is simplified; the extended state observer is designed to observe all internal and exterior disturbances of the system; the improved super-twisting sliding mode control law is going to take the place of the error feedback control law; and the simulation is carried out. Compared with the existing control algorithms, this new control method can overcome the influence of load disturbances and track the given speed effectively. And the responsiveness and robustness of the system are strengthened.
Research on improved sliding mode control of permanent magnet synchronous motor with disturbance compensation
Authors: Cao Jiaxuan , Liu Jun 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In order to address the shortcomings of traditional sliding mode variable structure control in permanent magnet synchronous motor vector control, such as the state quantity’s inability to converge to 0 in limited time, too large chattering, too large load disturbance, poor dynamic performance, a non-singular fast terminal sliding mode control algorithm in speed loop is proposed. At the same time, a new approach rate is designed by comparing the advantages and disadvantages of different approach rates, which can restrain the natural chattering of sliding mode and improve the approach rate. On this basis, in order to increase response time, lessen chattering, and enhance the observer’s capacity for adaptation, a load torque observer is constructed, load disturbance is added to the speed loop as feedforward compensation, and a new approach rate is added to the observer. The simulation results manifest that the design successfully tracks load torque, enhances the system’s dynamic performance, and lessens the impact of sliding mode chattering.
Methods for risk assessment of old overhead transmission lines
Authors: Zhou Chenxi , Wang Yangming , Guo Wei , Wen Qingfeng , Li Longji , Zhang Chi , Wang Songbo , Li Xuegang , Yang Zhiying 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In view of the problem that the transmission line body elements are not considered comprehensively in the current evaluation methods of old transmission lines, this paper proposes a comprehensive risk assessment method for old overhead transmission lines based on practical operation experience. Firstly, the risk factors affecting the safe operation of the old overhead transmission lines were summarized. The pylons in the line segment were investigated item by item. All the hidden trouble points in the line segment were sorted out, and the risk value was calculated by danger source identification and risk assessment method. Secondly, according to the possibility of fault caused by technical factors on the old line, the weight coefficient is given to calculate the deduction value to judge the risk grade state. Finally, when the total deduction is greater than 60 points, or the single deduction is greater than 24 points, it is necessary to formulate a corresponding management plan to guide the orderly management of line hidden dangers.
Research on Radar Clutter Suppression Method Based on Stagger MTI
Authors: Liu Zheng , Li Duo , Guo Haoran , Wang Xinpeng 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A large number of clutter interference signals were involved in radar echoes. Radar detection and tracking performance degrade when the signal-to-noise ratio of the echo signal is too low. Therefore, how to suppress clutter interference is a problem that is worth studying in designing. In this paper, the statistical characteristics of radar clutter were analyzed, and a clutter suppression method based on staggered MTI was proposed for the blind speed problem of traditional MTI filters. Simulation experiments verified the model and processing method of staggered filtering. The results indicated that the method improved the blind speed while effectively suppressing the clutter.
Optimal Allocation Strategy of Virtual Inertia and Damping for Improving the Small-signal Stability
Authors: Liu Mosi , Sun Zhiyuan , Zheng Kun , Li Mingpo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The application of the virtual synchronous generator (VSG) control technology to engage the inertia response of renewable energy generation systems is an effective means of coping with the problem of weak inertia in power systems. To deal with the problem of small-signal stability in the weak inertia power system, this paper studies how the strength of virtual inertia and damping affect the small-signal stability, and proposes an optimal allocation strategy of virtual inertia and damping for improving the small-signal stability. The optimal allocation model of virtual inertia is constructed to minimize the energy imbalance of the system under small-signal by selecting the virtual inertia and damping as optimization variables. Regarding the aforementioned model, the evolutionary algorithm is used to obtain the optimal allocation of virtual inertia and damping. Simulations on a virtual synchronized microgrid system show the effectiveness of the proposed strategy in improving small-signal stability.
Design and Research of Oscillator Circuit with Soft Starting in Power Management Chip
Authors: Li Yongchao , Fan Jiaqi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this paper, an oscillator circuit with a soft start function is designed for DC-DC converters, and its working principle is analyzed. Based on the NUVOTON 0.35 μm BCD technology, the circuit is fully simulated and optimized via Cadence software. Under the typical environment of 5 V and 27°C, the typical oscillation frequency of the oscillator is 800 kHz and the duty ratio is 20%. The expected index is reached and the circuit function is realized. At the same time, a temperature-independent current bias is designed to charge and discharge a capacitor in the oscillator so that the frequency of the oscillator is very little affected by temperature. Under the simulation condition of -40°C–140°C, the operation of the oscillator is stable and its frequency variation is 2.95% over the above temperature range.
Effects of Attack Interference on Radio Signal Classification
Authors: Li Yongting , Li Peng , Qian Rongrong , Yang Jingjing , Huang Ming 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Signal recognition and classification are urgent issues in the field of radio monitoring. Although there have been many academic publications on the automatic modulation classification of radio signals, these studies have focused on how to use the new algorithms to increase signal recognition accuracy, and there is a lack of consideration of the effect of interference on classification accuracy. Based on publicly available datasets, RF datasets for Machine Learning, this paper uses the deep learning algorithm to generate an attack interference dataset and studies the impact of attack interference and noise on the classification accuracy of radio signals. The experimental results are as follows. Firstly, the presence of attack interference generally reduces the accuracy of radio signal classification. Secondly, the power of attack interference has a direct relationship with classification accuracy. Thirdly, under the condition of attack interference, the classification performance trends of the three open-source public datasets are consistent. This further illustrates how optimizing the modulation classification performance in the presence of interference is the key to applying the algorithm to practice.
Optimized Voltage Equalization Algorithm for Modular Multilevel Converters
Authors: Yu Xi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The switching frequency of modular multilevel converters increases with the number of bridge arm submodules. Therefore, an improved voltage equalization technology based on fast sorting algorithm is proposed, which introduces the maximum voltage deviation between sub-modules and reduces the unnecessary switching operations caused by small changes in the capacitor voltage of factor modules. With the help of Matlab/Simulink, a modular multilevel converter with optimized control was simulated to verify the downscaling effect of the voltage-sharing optimization method.
Demagnetization Fault Diagnosis of Permanent Magnet Direct Drive Generator Based on Improved Residual Neural Network
Authors: Wang Sen , Zhao Dianzhe , Liang Daili , Chen Nan , Zhao Bingnan , Wang Wenshuo , Yu Wanhong 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The permanent magnet direct drive wind turbine is the core equipment of the wind turbine. Barrier analysis ensures its safe and reliable operation. The demagnetization failure of the permanent magnet motor will occur because the wind energy equipment works under bad conditions. Taking the permanent magnet direct drive wind turbine as the research object, this paper uses ANSYS simulation software to build a two-dimensional electromagnetic field model of the generator to simulate the uniform demagnetization fault of the permanent magnet direct drive generator to obtain the back electromotive force waveform under different operating conditions and convert the back electromotive force waveform into images as input data for fault diagnosis of the improved residual neural network. Two kinds of materials are used to verify the effect of the diagnosis model, and the simulation results show that both materials can be used for demagnetizing fault diagnosis, which proves the effectiveness of the fault diagnosis strategy.
Software Defined Security Flow Scheduling Method Based on PSO Algorithm
Authors: Zhu Sheng , Li Weiwei , Zhou Cheng 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
To solve the problem of link load imbalance and bandwidth waste in software defined security, a secure traffic scheduling method based on particle swarm optimization is proposed in this paper. This method combines the software defined security controller to obtain the network topology information and the current link bandwidth resource status, aiming at the matching degree between the link bandwidth and the network flow size and the function matching degree between the link node and the network flow service chain, combined with specific constraints to establish the objective function. The optimized particle swarm optimization algorithm finds out the best scheduling path of network traffic from the shortest path set. The experiment results show that compared with other algorithms, the proposed algorithm can improve the average throughput of the network and maintain a low packet loss rate in the process of traffic transmission, thus reducing the waste of bandwidth resources and realizing the load balancing of software defined network security traffic better.
Satisfaction with a digital support tool targeting alcohol consumption: perspectives from participants in a randomized control trial
Authors: Collier Elizabeth S , Blomqvist Jenny , Bendtsen Marcus 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Aim
Intervention design may be improved through evaluating the feedback from those who have been exposed to such interventions. As such, here the perspectives of the intervention group from a recent randomized control trial investigating the effectiveness of a digital alcohol intervention, in terms of perceived suitability and usefulness of the support tool they engaged with, were investigated.

Methods
Respondents (N=475; 45% of the intervention group) answered five quantitative questions addressing user experience, completed the 10-item System Useability Scale, and were offered the opportunity to write free-text feedback. Quantitative measures were analysed using ordinal and linear regression with baseline characteristics as predictors, and free-text responses were evaluated using content analysis.

Results
Overall, respondents were positive towards the intervention in terms of it fitting their needs, the usefulness of the tools included, and the usefulness of text message content. The intervention was perceived as more helpful by respondents with lower total weekly alcohol consumption, higher self-reported confidence in their ability to reduce their drinking, and the perceived importance there of, at baseline. The free-text comments revealed the value of reminders as prompts to reflect on one’s own drinking behaviour. Nonetheless, criticisms of the intervention were voiced, primarily highlighting the repetitive nature of the reminders and the lack of individuation in advice. Some also feltlike the intervention was impersonal and targeted only a specific drinking pattern.

Conclusions
Experiences of the intervention group in this trial were generally positive, though there may be demand for more individualised, targeted intervention design.
Male fertility advantage within and between seasons in the perennial androdioecious plant Phillyrea angustifolia
Authors: Laugier F , Saumitou-Laprade P , Vernet P , Lepart J , Cheptou P -O , Dufay M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background and Aims
Androdioecy, the co-occurrence of males and hermaphrodites, is a rare reproductive system. Males can be maintained if they benefit from a higher male fitness than hermaphrodites, referred to as male advantage. Male advantage can emerge from increased fertility owing to resource reallocation. However, empirical studies usually compare sexual phenotypes over a single flowering season, thus ignoring potential cumulative effects over successive seasons in perennials. In this study, we quantify various components of male fertility advantage, both within and between seasons, in the long-lived perennial shrub Phillyrea angustifolia (Oleaceae). Although, owing to a peculiar diallelic self-incompatibility system and female sterility mutation strictly associated with a breakdown of incompatibility, males do not need fertility advantage to persist in this species, this advantage remains an important determinant of their equilibrium frequency.

Methods
A survey of &gt;1000 full-sib plants allowed us to compare males and hermaphrodites for several components of male fertility. Individuals were characterized for proxies of pollen production and vegetative growth. By analysing maternal progeny, we compared the siring success of males and hermaphrodites. Finally, using a multistate capture–recapture model we assessed, for each sexual morph, how the intensity of flowering in one year impacts next-year growth and reproduction.

Key Results
Males benefitted from a greater vegetative growth and flowering intensity. Within one season, males sired twice as many seeds as equidistant, compatible hermaphroditic competitors. In addition, males more often maintained intense flowering over successive years. Finally, investment in male reproductive function appeared to differ between the two incompatibility groups of hermaphrodites.

Conclusion
Males, by sparing the cost of female reproduction, have a higher flowering frequency and vegetative growth, both of which contribute to male advantage over an individual lifetime. This suggests that studies analysing sexual phenotypes during only single reproductive periods are likely to provide inadequate estimates of male advantage in perennials.
The Impact of Filipina Domestic Workers on Hong Kong Primary School Children’s L2 English Spoken CAF and Reading Accuracy and Fluency
Authors: Wolfaardt Jacobus Francois , Leung Alex Ho-Cheong 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This study investigates the impact of Filipina domestic workers (FilDWs), a marginalized group in Hong Kong (HK), on HK children’s language development. It focusses on FilDWs’ influence on the second language (L2) English of bilingual HK primary school children attending an English Medium of Instruction school. The elements investigated are L2 English spoken complexity, accuracy, and fluency (CAF), and reading accuracy and fluency. Participants comprise 34 children (17 boys and 17 girls, mean age 8;11) from homes with FilDWs and 30 (15 boys and 15 girls, mean age 8;11) from homes with no FilDW. Participants completed an English reading and speaking task, and an English working memory capacity (WMC) test. Participants from households with FilDWs scored significantly higher on all aspects of both English language measures, while no significant differences for WMC were observed. These suggest that FilDWs exert a positive impact on children’s L2 English proficiency, placing them in a different position to the low status they are usually ascribed. These findings have implications for decolonizing and decentring language learning and teaching.
Comparison of Aesthetic Outcomes of Epidermal Staples vs Sutures in Deep Epigastric Perforator Flap Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Ockerman Kyle M , Han Sabrina H , Trieu Nhan S , Mardourian Markos , Neal Dan , Kanchwala Suhail , Spiguel Lisa , Furnas Heather J , Sorice-Virk Sarah 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
A secondary benefit of abdominally based autologous breast reconstruction may be improving the abdominal contour; however, poor scaring can lead to aesthetic dissatisfaction and complications. Although studies have demonstrated favorable aesthetic results and decreased operative time using dermal or subcuticular stapling (Insorb), no reports exist regarding epidermal stapling.

Objectives
The aim of this study is to compare the aesthetic abdominal scar outcomes, closure time, and postoperative complications of abdominally based breast reconstruction patients who have undergone suture closure vs epidermal staple closure.

Methods
A total of 217 patients who underwent abdominally based autologous breast reconstruction from 2011 to 2022 were included and retrospectively analyzed (staples = 41, suture = 176). Twenty-four patients’ postoperative abdominal scar photographs were randomly chosen (staples = 12, sutures = 12) and assessed by 3 board-certified plastic surgeons using a modified patient observer scar assessment scale (POSAS) and visual analog scale (VAS). Closure time (minutes per centimeter) using staples or sutures was also analyzed.

Results
The assessment of abdominal scars closed by epidermal staples revealed significant improvements in thickness (P = .033), relief (P = .033), surface area (P = .017), overall opinion (P = .033), POSAS score (P = .034), and VAS scar score (P = .023) in comparison with scars closed by sutures. Closing the abdominal wound with staples was significantly faster than closing with sutures (P &lt; .0001). Staple and suture closure had similar postoperative complication rates.

Conclusions
Abdominal donor-site scar quality may be superior and faster using the epidermal staple compared to traditional suture closure.

Level of Evidence: 2
A Bibliometric Analysis of the Highest Cited Rhytidectomy Literature
Authors: Dutt Atul , Dutt Ajay P , Reddy Rohin K , Charles Walton N , Khademi Mansour Hamid Reza , Nahai Foad , Khajuria Ankur 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

In this bibliometric analysis, we investigated the top 100 most cited articles on rhytidectomy, a prevalent cosmetic surgical procedure in the United States of America. Using data from Web of Science spanning from 1900 to 2021, we found these papers collectively cited 7737 times, with individual citation counts ranging from 277 to 37 (mean 77). Notably, the majority of these papers (58 out of 100) were categorized as Level of Evidence 5, indicating a prevalence of expert opinions, anatomical studies, and narrative reviews. Interestingly, none of the papers achieved Level 1 status, underscoring a lack of high-quality research in the field. The primary focus of these papers was on operative techniques (48 papers) and surgical anatomy of the face (20 papers). Only 10 articles incorporated patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), but none utilized validated scales. This analysis highlights the urgent need for improved research methodologies in rhytidectomy studies, emphasizing the necessity for rigorous, high-quality research, and the implementation of validated rhytidectomy-specific PROMs.

Level of Evidence: 3