bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
International bureaucrats’ attitudes toward global climate adaptation
Authors: Dellmuth Lisa 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe 2015 Paris Agreement has fueled debates about how the international bureaucrats driving international organizations’ engagement with climate adaptation ought to address adaptation challenges. While previous research has predominantly focused on the structural constraints in adaptation governance, this paper develops a distinct argument about the cognitive frames through which international bureaucrats view climate risks. The evidence comes from a survey among bureaucrats in three organizations that have engaged with adaptation to different extents: United Nations Environment, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, and the World Health Organization. The results suggest that the majority of the surveyed bureaucrats view climate risks as a multidimensional problem. The evidence indicates that bureaucrats are more likely to view climate risks through multiple than through single issue frames, the more certain they perceive the knowledge about climate impacts in their issue area to be. By way of conclusion, the paper sketches broader implications for adaptation and international bureaucracy research.
The politics of climate risk assessment
Authors: Hedlund Johanna 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAlmost 25 years ago, sociologist Anthony Giddens wrote that ‘risk and responsibility are in fact closely linked’1. Extending this to climate risk, this perspective paper argues that climate risk assessment is not just a scientific endeavour but also deeply political. As climate risks become more complex and demand more science- and policy-driven integration across sectors and regions, assessments may involve significant political constraints that impede effective and just climate adaptation. Using a framework of integration challenges, this paper uncovers political constraints that may arise in developing integrated climate risk assessment. It argues that the framing and structuring of climate risk assessment may yield political constraints such as biases towards certain groups, sectoral incoherence, decisions not aiding the most exposed, distributional conflicts, and ambiguous responsibility in managing complex climate risks. Left unaddressed, such political constraints may hamper climate adaptation rather than enable progress.
The olfactory receptor Olfr78 promotes differentiation of enterochromaffin cells in the mouse colon
Authors: Dinsart Gilles , Leprovots Morgane , Lefort Anne , Libert Frédérick , Quesnel Yannick , Veithen Alex , Vassart Gilbert , Huysseune Sandra , Parmentier Marc , Garcia Marie-Isabelle 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe gastrointestinal epithelium constitutes a chemosensory system for microbiota-derived metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). Here, we investigate the spatial distribution of Olfr78, one of the SCFA receptors, in the mouse intestine and study the transcriptome of colon enteroendocrine cells expressing Olfr78. The receptor is predominantly detected in the enterochromaffin and L subtypes in the proximal and distal colon, respectively. Using the Olfr78-GFP and VilCre/Olfr78flox transgenic mouse lines, we show that loss of epithelial Olfr78 results in impaired enterochromaffin cell differentiation, blocking cells in an undefined secretory lineage state. This is accompanied by a reduced defense response to bacteria in colon crypts and slight dysbiosis. Using organoid cultures, we further show that maintenance of enterochromaffin cells involves activation of the Olfr78 receptor via the SCFA ligand acetate. Taken together, our work provides evidence that Olfr78 contributes to colon homeostasis by promoting enterochromaffin cell differentiation.
Multiomics analysis identifies novel facilitators of human dopaminergic neuron differentiation
Authors: Gomez Ramos Borja , Ohnmacht Jochen , de Lange Nikola , Valceschini Elena , Ginolhac Aurélien , Catillon Marie , Ferrante Daniele , Rakovic Aleksandar , Halder Rashi , Massart François , Arena Giuseppe , Antony Paul , Bolognin Silvia , Klein Christine , Krause Roland , Schulz Marcel H , Sauter Thomas , Krüger Rejko , Sinkkonen Lasse 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMidbrain dopaminergic neurons (mDANs) control voluntary movement, cognition, and reward behavior under physiological conditions and are implicated in human diseases such as Parkinson’s disease (PD). Many transcription factors (TFs) controlling human mDAN differentiation during development have been described, but much of the regulatory landscape remains undefined. Using a tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) human iPSC reporter line, we here generate time series transcriptomic and epigenomic profiles of purified mDANs during differentiation. Integrative analysis predicts novel regulators of mDAN differentiation and super-enhancers are used to identify key TFs. We find LBX1, NHLH1 and NR2F1/2 to promote mDAN differentiation and show that overexpression of either LBX1 or NHLH1 can also improve mDAN specification. A more detailed investigation of TF targets reveals that NHLH1 promotes the induction of neuronal miR-124, LBX1 regulates cholesterol biosynthesis, and NR2F1/2 controls neuronal activity.
Highly secreted tryptophanyl tRNA synthetase 1 as a potential theranostic target for hypercytokinemic severe sepsis
Authors: Kim Yoon Tae , Huh Jin Won , Choi Yun Hui , Yoon Hee Kyeong , Nguyen Tram TT , Chun Eunho , Jeong Geunyeol , Park Sunyoung , Ahn Sungwoo , Lee Won-Kyu , Noh Young-Woock , Lee Kyoung Sun , Ahn Hee-Sung , Lee Cheolju , Lee Sang Min , Kim Kyung Su , Suh Gil Joon , Jeon Kyeongman , Kim Sunghoon , Jin Mirim 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDespite intensive clinical and scientific efforts, the mortality rate of sepsis remains high due to the lack of precise biomarkers for patient stratification and therapeutic guidance. Secreted human tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase 1 (WARS1), an endogenous ligand for Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR4 against infection, activates the genes that signify the hyperinflammatory sepsis phenotype. High plasma WARS1 levels stratified the early death of critically ill patients with sepsis, along with elevated levels of cytokines, chemokines, and lactate, as well as increased numbers of absolute neutrophils and monocytes, and higher Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores. These symptoms were recapitulated in severely ill septic mice with hypercytokinemia. Further, injection of WARS1 into mildly septic mice worsened morbidity and mortality. We created an anti-human WARS1-neutralizing antibody that suppresses proinflammatory cytokine expression in marmosets with endotoxemia. Administration of this antibody into severe septic mice attenuated cytokine storm, organ failure, and early mortality. With antibiotics, the antibody almost completely prevented fatalities. These data imply that blood-circulating WARS1-guided anti-WARS1 therapy may provide a novel theranostic strategy for life-threatening systemic hyperinflammatory sepsis.
A low-cost, low-input method establishment for m6A MeRIP-seq
Authors: Xia Wenjuan , Guo Ling , Su Huapeng , Li Jincheng , Lu Jiafeng , Li Hong , Huang Boxian 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is a highly prevalent modification found in mammal mRNA molecules that plays a crucial role in the regulation of cellular function. m6A RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeRIP-seq) has been frequently used in transcriptomics research to identify the location of m6A. MABE572 (Millipore) is the most widely utilized and efficient anti-m6A antibody for MeRIP-seq. However, due to the high dose and price of this antibody, which has also been taken off the market, we discovered that CST's anti-m6A antibody can be used instead of MABE572 to map the m6A transcriptome. In the present study, we performed different concentrations of the CST anti-m6A antibodies with the corresponding initiation RNA of HEK293T cells, 2.5 μg antibody with 1 μg total RNA, 1.25 μg antibody with 0.5 μg total RNA, and 1.25 μg antibody with 0.1 μg total RNA. By comparing the m6A peak calling, enriched motifs, alternative splicing events, and nuclear transcripts modified by m6A between the CST and Millipore libraries, it was found that the CST library presented similar data to Millipore, even at incredibly low doses. The volume and cost of antibodies are significantly reduced by this refined MeRIP-seq using CST antibody, making it convenient to map future large-scale sample m6A methylation.
Nasogastric bolus administration of a protein-rich drink augments insulinaemia and aminoacidaemia but not whole-body protein turnover or muscle protein synthesis versus oral administration
Authors: Pavis George F. , Abdelrahman Doaa R. , Murton Andrew J. , Wall Benjamin T. , Stephens Francis B. , Dirks Marlou L. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Nasogastric feeding of protein-rich liquids is a nutritional support therapy that attenuates muscle mass loss. However, whether administration via a nasogastric tube per se augments whole-body or muscle protein anabolism compared with oral administration is unknown. Healthy participants were administered a protein-rich drink (225 ml containing 21 g protein) orally (ORAL; n=13; age 21 ± 1 year; BMI 22.2 ± 0.6 kg·m−2) or via a nasogastric tube (NG; n=13; age 21 ± 1 yr; BMI 23.9 ± 0.9 kg·m−2) in a parallel group design, balanced for sex. L-[ring-2H5]-phenylalanine and L-[3,3-2H2]-tyrosine were infused to measure postabsorptive and postprandial whole-body protein turnover. Skeletal muscle biopsies were collected at −120, 0, 120 and 300 min relative to drink administration to quantify temporal myofibrillar fractional synthetic rates (myoFSR). Drink administration increased serum insulin and plasma amino acid concentrations, and to a greater extent and duration in NG versus ORAL (all interactions P&lt;0.05). Drink administration increased whole-body protein synthesis (P&lt;0.01), suppressed protein breakdown (P&lt;0.001), and created positive net protein balance (P&lt;0.001), but to a similar degree in ORAL and NG (interactions P&gt;0.05). Drink administration increased myoFSR from the postabsorptive state (P&lt;0.01), regardless of route of administration in ORAL and in NG (interaction P&gt;0.05). Nasogastric bolus administration of a protein-rich drink induces insulinaemia and aminoacidaemia to a greater extent than oral administration, but the postprandial increase in whole-body protein turnover and muscle protein synthesis was equivalent between administration routes. Nasogastric administration is a potent intervention to increase postprandial amino acid availability. Future work should assess its utility in overcoming impaired sensitivity to protein feeding, such as that seen in ageing, disuse, and critical care.
Beyond Counting Sheep: Exploring the Link between Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Sleep Health
Authors: Jafar Nur K. Abdul , Bennett Christie J. , Moran Lisa J. , Mansfield Darren R. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal condition with reproductive, metabolic, and psychological sequelae that affects 8 to 13% of reproductive-aged women and 3 to 11% of adolescent girls. Sleep is often compromised in women with PCOS due to increased rates of sleep problems, with the most established problem being obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). OSA is highly prevalent in reproductive-aged adult women with PCOS, but not so in adolescence. The international evidence-based PCOS guideline to improve health outcomes in women with PCOS indicated routine screening to identify and alleviate symptoms of OSA. The guidelines, however, did not weigh other multidimensional constructs of sleep health such as sleep disturbances (e.g., sleep quality and quantity), beyond OSA. This is perhaps due to the lack of research and existing mixed findings in the area of PCOS and sleep health. This narrative review summarizes the current knowledge about OSA and expands further to include the limited knowledge about other sleep problems in PCOS among reproductive-aged women and adolescent girls. We broadly cover the prevalence, risk factors, and mechanisms of sleep problems in PCOS and their relationship with cardiometabolic and psychological health. A brief summary on treatment and intervention strategies for sleep problems in PCOS and future recommendations will be deliberated.
Integrative Analysis of PAIP2B to Identify a Novel Biomarker for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Xiang Yaoxian , Wang Li , Cheng Yurong , An Huanjuan , Zhang Chan , Wang Jing , Tong Yingying , Yan Dong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe aim of the study was to evaluate the potential diagnostic and prognostic value of gene, Poly A-Binding Protein Interacting Protein 2B (PAIP2B) in pancreatic cancer. We used the gene expression data and clinical information of pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas database and Gene Expression Omnibus database to analyze the expression of PAIP2B in pancreatic cancer samples, and validated the expression of PAIP2B in tumor tissue, using bioinformatics technology to explore the prognostic value of PAIP2B and its possible biological function. A significantly lower level of PAIP2B was observed in pancreatic cancer patients than in controls, and validated by immunohistochemistry. PAIP2B reduced the proliferation and invasion of cancer cells and had a significantly high expression in early stage. Patients with lower levels of PAIP2B had a significantly shorter median survival time than those with higher levels. DNA demethylation played an important role in PAIP2B expression. In addition, PAIP2B expression was significantly associated with the tumor-infiltrating immune cells, especially T cells CD8, T cells CD4 memory resting, macrophages M0, and dendritic cells resting. Our study also found that PAIP2B regulated miRNA function leading to disease progression in pancreatic cancer patients. Our study explored the potential value of PAIP2B as a biological link between prognosis and pancreatic cancer, and provided reference for the follow-up study on the role of PAIP2B in pancreatic cancer.
Semantic scope of Indus inscriptions comprising taxation, trade and craft licensing, commodity control and access control: archaeological and script-internal evidence
Authors: Ansumali Mukhopadhyay Bahata 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis article studies the semantic scope of the yet undeciphered Indus script inscriptions, which are mostly found on tiny seals, sealings, and tablets. Building on previous structural analyses, which reveal that Indus script was semasiographic and/or logographic in nature, this study analyses the combinatorial patterns of Indus script signs, and the geographical distribution of the inscriptions, to establish that the inscriptions did not encode any proper noun, such as anthroponyms, toponyms, or names of specific organizations. Analyzing various archaeological contexts of the inscribed objects—e.g., seals found concentrated near city gates (e.g., Harappa), craft workshops (e.g., Chanhu-daro), and public buildings (e.g., Mohenjo-daro), often along with standardized Indus weights that were used for taxation; sealings attached to various storage containers and locking systems of “warehouse” chambers as indicated by their reverse-side impressions (e.g., the sealings of Lothal “warehouse”); inscribed sealing-pendants of Kanmer, conjectured to be passports/gate-passes by archaeologists; and seals with identical inscriptions often found from distant settlements—this study claims that the inscribed stamp-seals were primarily used for enforcing certain rules involving taxation, trade/craft control, commodity control and access control. Considering typological and functional differences between the seals and tablets, and analyzing certain numerical and metrological notations ("Image missing", "Image missing", "Image missing", "Image missing") typically found at the reverse sides of many two-sided tablets whose obverse sides contain seal-like inscriptions, this study argues that such tablets were possibly trade/craft/commodity-specific licenses issued to tax-collectors, traders, and artisans. These reverse-side tablet inscriptions possibly encoded certain standardized license fees for certain fixed license slabs, whereas their obverse-side inscriptions specified the commercial activities licensed to the tablet-bearers. These seals/tablets were possibly issued by certain guilds of merchants/artisans, and/or region-based rulers or governing bodies, who collaborated in the integration phase of IVC, to standardize certain taxation rules and trade/craft regulations across settlements. The seal/tablet iconographies might have been the emblems of the guilds, rulers, and/or governing bodies.
Steady state thermokinetic of ultra-thin Mo2C/G heterostructures grown on the prior-graphitized cu/graphene biasing
Authors: Ogurtani Tarik Omer , Çaylan Omer Refet , Cambaz Buke Goknur 
Published: December 2023

In this work, the chemical vapor deposition synthesis of the Mo2C/graphene heterostructure above the melting temperature of Cu bias (1356 K) is studied. Two sets of Mo2C growth experiments at high CH4 flow rates (5 SCCM ≥ 3 SCCM) are performed, either using prior-graphene synthesis or having in situ graphitization, for three different Cu bias thicknesses. Raman mappings taken from all six-test samples show graphene covers not only over the Mo2C pillars but also over their untransformed Cu bias substrate regions. The only difference is that the Mo2C pillar grows over the prior graphene bias; on the other hand, the in situ graphene grown Mo2C pillar nucleates and grows over the fresh Cu bias surfaces. A steady-state laminate model for flows of Mo and C species with phase transformations is developed for the radial and vertical growth kinetics of synthesized Mo2C/graphene heterostructure. The computer simulation reproduces those experimental observations performed recently in our laboratories on the prior or no-prior graphitized (G) test modules with Cu/G bias, having three different thicknesses at 1363 K. AFM-topography and SEM photos for a prior graphitized test module of 25 µm thick Cu and 4.72 Å graphene bias show a three layered Mo2C/graphene heterostructure; the first layer is almost perfect hexagonal flat, and the other two circular shaped layers constitute the whole pillar of 140 nm height. This may be compared to a 250 µm thick Cu/4.7 Å graphene bias sample, which furnishes an ultra-thin single flat layer of 10–13 nm thick Mo2C crystallites having a perfect planar hexagonal structure.
New assignments of Raman spectra of tetrahedra and the effects of electronegativity. I. P4O10 and Si-containing molecules
Authors: Bancroft G. Michael , Dean Philip A. W. , Henderson Grant S. , Nesbitt H. Wayne 
Published: December 2023

Our new density functional theory calculations by Gaussian reproduce the bond lengths and Raman spectra of a number of model tetrahedral Si and P compounds [the ten compounds in the SiHxD4−x and SiFxCl4−x (x = 0–4) series, and the tetramer P4O10]. The number of symmetric A1 peaks is determined by group theory, and the center of mass is especially important for the assignment of the three A1 peaks for P4O10 to the two P–O stretches and the O–P–O bend. Additional Gaussian calculations on isolated C3v PO4 tetrahedra, using the P–O bond lengths and O–P–O bond angles from the P4O10 optimization, also reproduce the three peak P4O10 Raman spectra and provide an important guide to the assignment of the two low energy peaks at ∼500 and ∼700 cm−1 to the P–BO (BO = P–O–P) stretch and BO–P–BO bend, respectively, in contrast to all earlier assignments. In the SiFxCl4−x series, there is a regular increase in the Si–F A1 frequency and a decrease in the Si–Cl A1 frequency across the series. Similar trends are seen in the SiClx(CH3)4−x series, and these trends are due to changes in the electron densities in the tetrahedron when an electronegative F or Cl is replaced by a less electronegative Cl or CH3, as measured by previous Si 2p, F 1s, Cl 2p, and C 1s x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. These considerations serve as a guide for the interpretation of the Raman spectra of silicate glasses in Paper II [Bancroft et al., AIP Adv. 13, 125216 (2023)].
Nitrogen and phosphorus leaching losses under cropping and zone-specific variable-rate irrigation
Authors: Drewry John J. , Hedley Carolyn B. , McNeill Stephen J. , El-Naggar Ahmed G. , Karakkattu Kishor K. , Horne David J. 
Published: December 2023

Context Agricultural land use is intensifying globally. Irrigation and other farm practices associated with intensification, such as cultivation, grazing, and fertiliser application, can increase nutrient losses. Variable rate irrigation (VRI) systems manage irrigation to spatially variable soils and different crops (zones). We lack knowledge on nutrient losses under zone-specific irrigation for mixed-cropping systems (combined crop and livestock grazing). Aims This study evaluated drainage, nitrogen, and phosphorus leaching losses under zone-specific irrigation for a temperate mixed-cropping system. Methods The study site had sheep grazing and crops including peas, beans, wheat, turnips, plantain, and ryegrass-white clover pasture. It had a variable-rate centre-pivot irrigator for two soil zones (free draining Zone 1; poorly drained Zone 2). Drainage flux meters (DFMs) collected drainage leachate, and samples for measurement of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations. Soil water balance data and statistical modelling evaluated nutrient leaching losses over 5 years. Key results The mean leaching load of NOx-N (nitrate + nitrite) across 5 years was 133 (s.d. 77) and 121 (s.d. 97) kg N/ha/year for Zone 1 and Zone 2, respectively. Similarly, the mean leaching load of reactive P across all years was 0.17 (s.d. 0.30) and 0.14 (s.d. 0.14) kg P/ha/year for Zone 1 and Zone 2, respectively. The nitrogen concentrations and loads generally had greater uncertainty in Zone 2. Conclusions The DFMs worked well for the free draining sandy soil. However, fewer samples were collected in the silt soil, requiring the statistical modelling developed in this study. This study gave a reasonable estimate of annual leaching load means, but the indicators of their within-year variation were not reliable, partly due to differences in sampling frequency. With some exceptions, there was generally more NOx-N leaching from the free draining Zone 1. VRI provided a system to control irrigation-related drainage and leaching in these soil zones. Implications Drainage flux meters are more reliable in well-drained than in poorly drained soil. Given the lack of published studies, this study has improved knowledge of nutrient losses under zone-specific irrigated mixed-cropping systems in a temperate climate.