bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrical storm treatment by percutaneous stellate ganglion block: the STAR study
Authors: Savastano Simone , Baldi Enrico , Compagnoni Sara , Rordorf Roberto , Sanzo Antonio , Gentile Francesca Romana , Dusi Veronica , Frea Simone , Gravinese Carol , Cauti Filippo Maria , Iannopollo Gianmarco , De Sensi Francesco , Gandolfi Edoardo , Frigerio Laura , Crea Pasquale , Zagari Domenico , Casula Matteo , Sangiorgi Giuseppe , Persampieri Simone , Dell’Era Gabriele , Patti Giuseppe , Colombo Claudia , Mugnai Giacomo , Notaristefano Francesco , Barengo Alberto , Falcetti Roberta , Perego Giovanni Battista , D’Angelo Giuseppe , Tanese Nikita , Currao Alessia , Sgromo Vito , De Ferrari Gaetano Maria ,   the STAR study group, Fasolino Alessandro , Bendotti Sara , Primi Roberto , Auricchio Angelo , Conte Giulio , Rossi Pietro , Angelini Filippo , Morena Arianna , Toscano Antonio , Carinci Valeria , Dattilo Giuseppe , Mancini Nastasia , Corda Marco , Tola Gianfranco , Binaghi Giulio , Scudu Claudia , Barone Lucy , Lupi Alessandro , Carassia Claudia , De Vecchi Federica , Vargiu Sara 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
An electrical storm (ES) is a clinical emergency with a paucity of established treatment options. Despite initial encouraging reports about the safety and effectiveness of percutaneous stellate ganglion block (PSGB), many questions remained unsettled and evidence from a prospective multicentre study was still lacking. For these purposes, the STAR study was designed.

Methods
This is a multicentre observational study enrolling patients suffering from an ES refractory to standard treatment from 1 July 2017 to 30 June 2023. The primary outcome was the reduction of treated arrhythmic events by at least 50% comparing the 12 h following PSGB with the 12 h before the procedure. STAR operators were specifically trained to both the anterior anatomical and the lateral ultrasound-guided approach.

Results
A total of 131 patients from 19 centres were enrolled and underwent 184 PSGBs. Patients were mainly male (83.2%) with a median age of 68 (63.8–69.2) years and a depressed left ventricular ejection fraction (25.0 ± 12.3%). The primary outcome was reached in 92% of patients, and the median reduction of arrhythmic episodes between 12 h before and after PSGB was 100% (interquartile range −100% to −92.3%). Arrhythmic episodes requiring treatment were significantly reduced comparing 12 h before the first PSGB with 12 h after the last procedure [six (3–15.8) vs. 0 (0–1), P &lt; .0001] and comparing 1 h before with 1 h after each procedure [2 (0–6) vs. 0 (0–0), P &lt; .001]. One major complication occurred (0.5%).

Conclusions
The findings of this large, prospective, multicentre study provide evidence in favour of the effectiveness and safety of PSGB for the treatment of refractory ES.
Testing for a role of postzygotic incompatibilities in rapidly speciated Lake Victoria cichlids
Authors: Feller Anna F , Peichel Catherine L , Seehausen Ole 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Intrinsic postzygotic hybrid incompatibilities are usually due to negative epistatic interactions between alleles from different parental genomes. While such incompatibilities are thought to be uncommon in speciation with gene flow, they may be important if such speciation results from a hybrid population. Here we aimed to test this idea in the endemic cichlid fishes of Lake Victoria. Hundreds of species have evolved within the lake in &lt;15k years from hybrid progenitors. While the importance of prezygotic barriers to gene flow is well established in this system, the possible relevance of postzygotic genetic incompatibilities is unknown. We inferred the presence of negative epistatic interactions from systematic patterns of genotype ratio distortions in experimental crosses and wild samples. We then compared the positions of putative incompatibility loci to regions of high genetic differentiation between sympatric sister species and between members of clades that may have arisen in the early history of this radiation, and further determined if the loci showed fixed differences between the closest living relatives of the lineages ancestral to the hybrid progenitors. Overall, we find little evidence for a major role of intrinsic postzygotic incompatibilities in the Lake Victoria radiation. However, we find putative incompatibility loci significantly more often coinciding with islands of genetic differentiation between species that separated early in the radiation than between the younger sister species, consistent with the hypothesis that such variants segregated in the hybrid swarm and were sorted between species in the early speciation events.
National-Scale Biomass Estimators for United States Tree Species
Authors: Jenkins Jennifer C. , Chojnacky David C. , Heath Linda S. , Birdsey Richard A. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Estimates of national-scale forest carbon (C) stocks and fluxes are typically based on allometric regression equations developed using dimensional analysis techniques. However, the literature is inconsistent and incomplete with respect to large-scale forest C estimation. We compiled all available diameter-based allometric regression equations for estimating total aboveground and component biomass, defined in dry weight terms, for trees in the United States. We then implemented a modified meta-analysis based on the published equations to develop a set of consistent, national-scale aboveground biomass regression equations for U.S. species. Equations for predicting biomass of tree components were developed as proportions of total aboveground biomass for hardwood and softwood groups. A comparison with recent equations used to develop large-scale biomass estimates from U.S. forest inventory data for eastern U.S. species suggests general agreement (±30%) between biomass estimates. The comparison also shows that differences in equation forms and species groupings may cause differences at small scales depending on tree size and forest species composition. This analysis represents the first major effort to compile and analyze all available biomass literature in a consistent national-scale framework. The equations developed here are used to compute the biomass estimates used by the model FORCARB to develop the U.S. C budget. FOR. SCI. 49(1):12–35.
Applying the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System in the acquisition of the coseismic deformation and the high-frequency dynamic displacement of the 2021 MW 7.4 Maduo earthquake
Authors: Wang Yuebing , Gan Weijun , Shi Hongbo , Li Yu , You Xinzhao 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
This study acquires the coseismic deformation field and the high-frequency dynamic displacement of the MW 7.4 earthquake that occurred in Maduo, China, on 2021 May 22, based on the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS), and the comparison with the results obtained by the Global Positioning System (GPS) reveals that the two systems are certain differences in their ability to acquire the coseismic deformation field. The maximum difference in the horizontal coseismic deformation is &lt;5 mm, and the maximum difference in the vertical coseismic deformation is 8.7 mm. The dynamic displacement waveforms of the 2021 MW 7.4 Maduo earthquake acquired by BDS and GPS are very similar, which confirms that BDS can acquire ground-shaking images with an accuracy comparable to that of GPS. Based on the empirical relationship equation of the peak ground displacement (PGD) and moment magnitude (MW), this study verifies and calculates both the MW of the 2021 MW 7.4 Maduo earthquake and the error and finds that the MW can be quickly and accurately obtained by using the empirical PGD and MW equations, and this MW value can be used as a supplementary means of calibrating the MW of the large earthquake early warning systems, which can be quickly determined by seismic wave data. Finally, by comparing the slip distributions inverted from the BDS and GPS coseismic deformation fields, this study finds that BDS is equally effective as GPS.
Beyond compliance with the 21st Century Cures Act Rule: a patient controlled electronic health information export application programming interface
Authors: Phelan Dylan , Gottlieb Daniel , Mandel Joshua C , Ignatov Vladimir , Jones James , Marquard Brett , Ellis Alyssa , Mandl Kenneth D 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
The 21st Century Cures Act Final Rule requires that certified electronic health records (EHRs) be able to export a patient’s full set of electronic health information (EHI). This requirement becomes more powerful if EHI exports use interoperable application programming interfaces (APIs). We sought to advance the ecosystem, instantiating policy desiderata in a working reference implementation based on a consensus design.

Materials and Methods
We formulate a model for interoperable, patient-controlled, app-driven access to EHI exports in an open source reference implementation following the Argonaut FHIR Accelerator consensus implementation guide for EHI Export.

Results
The reference implementation, which asynchronously provides EHI across an API, has three central components: a web application for patients to request EHI exports, an EHI server to respond to requests, and an administrative export management web application to manage requests. It leverages mandated SMART on FHIR/Bulk FHIR APIs.

Discussion
A patient-controlled app enabling full EHI export from any EHR across an API could facilitate national-scale patient-directed information exchange. We hope releasing these tools sparks engagement from the health IT community to evolve the design, implement and test in real-world settings, and develop patient-facing apps.

Conclusion
To advance regulatory innovation, we formulate a model that builds on existing requirements under the Cures Act Rule and takes a step toward an interoperable, scalable approach, simplifying patient access to their own health data; supporting the sharing of clinical data for both improved patient care and medical research; and encouraging the growth of an ecosystem of third-party applications.
Investigating intestinal mast cell dynamics during acute heat stress in growing pigs
Authors: Mayorga Edith J , Rodriguez-Jimenez Sonia , Abeyta Megan A , Goetz Brady M , Opgenorth Julie , Moeser Adam J , Baumgard Lance H 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Objectives were to examine the temporal pattern of intestinal mast cell dynamics and the effects of a mast cell stabilizer (ketotifen [Ket]) during acute heat stress (HS) in growing pigs. Crossbred barrows (n = 42; 32.3 ± 1.9 kg body weight [BW]) were randomly assigned to 1 of 7 environmental-therapeutic treatments: (1) thermoneutral (TN) control (TNCon; n = 6), (2) 2 h HS control (2 h HSCon; n = 6), (3) 2 h HS + Ket (2 h HSKet; n = 6); (4) 6 h HSCon (n = 6), (5) 6 h HSKet (n = 6), (6) 12 h HSCon (n = 6), or (7) 12 h HSKet (n = 6). Following 5 d of acclimation to individual pens, pigs were enrolled in two experimental periods (P). During P1 (3 d), pigs were housed in TN conditions (21.5 ± 0.8 °C) for the collection of baseline measurements. During P2, TNCon pigs remained in TN conditions for 12 h, while HS pigs were exposed to constant HS (38.1 ± 0.2 °C) for either 2, 6, or 12 h. Pigs were euthanized at the end of P2, and blood and tissue samples were collected. Regardless of time or therapeutic treatment, pigs exposed to HS had increased rectal temperature, skin temperature, and respiration rate compared to their TNCon counterparts (1.9 °C, 6.9° C, and 119 breaths/min; P &lt; 0.01). As expected, feed intake and BW gain markedly decreased in HS pigs relative to their TNCon counterparts (P &lt; 0.01). Irrespective of therapeutic treatment, circulating corticotropin-releasing factor decreased from 2 to 12 h of HS relative to TNCon pigs (P &lt; 0.01). Blood cortisol increased at 2 h of HS (2-fold; P = 0.04) and returned to baseline by 6 h. Plasma histamine (a proxy of mast cell activation) remained similar across thermal treatments and was not affected by Ket administration (P &gt; 0.54). Independent of Ket or time, HS increased mast cell numbers in the jejunum (94%; P &lt; 0.01); however, no effects of HS on mast cell numbers were detected in the ileum or colon. Jejunum and ileum myeloperoxidase area remained similar among treatments (P &gt; 0.58) but it tended to increase (12%; P = 0.08) in the colon in HSCon relative to TNCon pigs. Circulating lymphocytes and basophils decreased in HSKet relative to TN and HSCon pigs (P ≤ 0.06). Blood monocytes and eosinophils were reduced in HS pigs relative to their TNCon counterparts (P &lt; 0.01). In summary, HS increased jejunum mast cell numbers and altered leukocyte dynamics and proinflammatory biomarkers. However, Ket administration had no effects on mast cell dynamics measured herein.
The subsistence and enforcement of copyright and trade mark rights in the metaverse
Authors: Saw Cheng Lim , Chan Samuel Zheng Wen 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The metaverse has been widely hailed as a symbol of technological progress, presenting an immersive virtual realm that has the potential to transform how individuals engage in social and commercial activities. However, this conception of a borderless virtual world—which purportedly transcends the capabilities and reach of Web 2.0—sits uncomfortably with the territorial nature of IP rights. This article examines the complexities surrounding the subsistence and enforcement of IP rights within the metaverse, with a specific focus on copyright and trade marks. Special attention is paid to issues concerning the choice of law and jurisdiction. Finally, the authors conclude with two recommendations that aim to facilitate and supplement the application of the existing rules in addressing copyright and trade mark infringements in the metaverse.
Estimating Recreation Use on the San Gorgonio Wilderness
Authors: James George A. , Schreuder Hans T. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
A pilot test was successfully employed during the summer of 1969 to estimate recreation use of the San Gorgonio Wilderness in California's San Bernardino National Forest. A stratified random-sampling model was used. Self-registration stations were placed on all trails into the area. Wilderness users were personally interviewed on randomly selected days and trails to determine rate of registration. The Wilderness received an estimated 59,816 visitor-days of use, and 77 percent of all user groups registered upon entering.
Towards an educational case for social and political issues in the geography curriculum
Authors: Standish Alexander 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWhilst social and political issues have an important role in the geography curriculum, the long-term erosion of the value and insularity of disciplinary knowledge in society and the curriculum has blurred the distinction between educational aims and political advocacy in classrooms. Increasingly, teachers, policymakers, and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) instrumentalize the curriculum with respect to their political objectives, including climate change and social injustice. In taking an advocacy approach to pedagogy, they potentially undermine liberal educational objectives, including the development of autonomy and subjectification. Drawing on recent work in philosophy of education (e.g. Biesta; Van Poeck, and Östman) as well as social realist approaches to knowledge, I make a case for teaching about social and political issues on liberal educational grounds. Geography plays a key role in the school curriculum by providing a space for exploring the human condition through the study of people in contrasting environments and cultural systems. Here, we examine how geography teachers can handle issues in a morally careful way and navigate a line between advocacy and educational aims. One key difference examined is the need to treat students as subjects in their own right and to help develop skills of moral enquiry. In practice this means encouraging an open-ended approach, exploring topics (and the values underpinning them) from a range of perspectives, developing sensitivity to difference, and showing tolerance for ideas of which one disapproves. For students to develop agency and moral independence, they must learn how to think about social and political issues rather than be told what to think.
Investigation of polysaccharide from Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata (Fuzi) cardio protective effect on doxorubicin-induced chronic cardiotoxicity
Authors: Xiong Fang , Pu Lin , Wang Daibo , Peng Fu , Sun Luyao , Yu Qian , Xie Xiaofang , Peng Cheng 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a chemotherapy drug for treating malignant tumours. However, its cardiotoxicity has limited its clinical application. The Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata, also known as Fuzi, has been used for treating heart failure. Nevertheless, there is still a deficiency of claeity as to whether the Fuzi polysaccharide (FPS) may prevent the side effects of DOX.

Methods
Mice were intraperitoneally administered DOX (15 mg/kg) to establish a mouse model of DOX-induced chronic cardiotoxicity (DICC). The mice were then administered different doses of FPS or enalapril intragastrically.

Key findings
In the DOX group, the activity of CK-MB and LDH and the content of NT-proBNP in serum of mice were increased. Myocardial infiltration of inflammatory cells and cytoplasmic vacuolation occurred. Levels of NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1, IL-1β, IL-18, IL-6, and Bax increased, whereas levels of Bcl-2, STAT3, and p-STAT3 decreased. After administering FPS (100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg), there were reductions in CK-MB activity and NT-proBNP levels. Cytoplasmic vacuolation, interstitial infiltration of blood, and infiltration of inflammatory cells were alleviated. The changes in protein expression mentioned above were reversed.

Conclusions
FPS can protect heart function and structure in DICC mice by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis and IL-6/STAT3 pathway-induced apoptosis.
On partial likelihood
Authors: Reid N 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Partial likelihood, introduced in Cox (1975, Partial likelihood. Biometrika, 62(2),269–276), formalizes the construction of the inference function developed in Cox (1972, Regression models and life-tables (with discussion). Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B, 34(2),187–220) and referred there to as a conditional likelihood. Partial likelihood can also be viewed as a version of composite likelihood, a different example of which was studied in Cox, and Reid (2004, A note on pseudolikelihood constructed from marginal densities. Biometrika, 91(3),729–737). In this note, I describe the links between partial and composite likelihood, and the connections to profile, marginal, and conditional likelihood. Somewhat tangentially, two recent applications of the Cox proportional hazards model from the medical literature are briefly discussed, as they highlight the model’s ongoing relevance while also raising some more general questions about inference.
Efficacy and safety of a device that combines multipolar radiofrequency with pulsed electromagnetic field for the treatment of vulvovaginal atrophy: a randomized, sham-controlled trial
Authors: Nappi Rossella E , Martella Silvia , Tiranini Lara , Cucinella Laura , Palacios Santiago 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA) negatively affects the sexual well-being and quality of life of postmenopausal women, yet it is underreported and undertreated.

Aim
The study sought to investigate the efficacy and safety of a nonablative, noncoagulative multipolar radiofrequency (RF) and pulsed electromagnetic field–based device (PEMF) in treatment of symptoms related to VVA.

Methods
Seventy-six women ≥19 years of age with symptoms associated with VVA were enrolled into this prospective, randomized, sham-controlled, multicenter clinical study. Subjects were randomized to receive 3 RF + PEMF treatments (active group) or sham treatments (sham group) delivered to vaginal tissue at monthly intervals. The Vaginal Health Index (VHI), along with the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), subject sexual satisfaction and vaginal laxity (VL) score, treatment-associated pain, and adverse events were assessed at 4 follow-up (FU) visits between 1 and 12 months after treatment.

Outcomes
Changes from baseline VHI, pH, FSFI, VL, and sexual satisfaction scores between the active and sham groups were compared before and after treatment.

Results
Mean VHI scores in the active group were significantly better compared with the sham group after treatment at all but the last FU visit (P &lt; .001). A greater decrease in pH (active over sham) was seen at 1 and 4 months after treatment (P &lt; .05). FSFI improvement was shown in the active group; however, it was not significantly better than sham improvement at all FU visits. Subject sexual satisfaction in the active group showed better improvement over sham at all FU visits (P &lt; .05), while VL evaluations saw greater improvement in the active group at 4, 6, and 12 months posttreatment (P &lt; .05). Treatment satisfaction was greater in the active group and pain was minimal in both groups. No serious adverse effects were reported.

Clinical Implications
As a noninvasive alternative to traditional surgical and topical procedures, 3 sessions of noninvasive combination RF/PEMF safely demonstrated improvement in symptoms related to VVA.

Strengths and Limitations
This study was strengthened by the randomized, sham-controlled design; large sample size; and extended FU period. The study assessments were decreased at later FU visits due to the global COVID pandemic, and this was a key limitation to the study.

Conclusion
Nonablative, noncoagulative multipolar RF/PEMF therapy was safe, improved symptoms associated with VVA, and improved female sexual function while yielding high subject satisfaction.
The identification of a novel compound heterozygous mutation in hereditary human coagulation factor VII deficiency following a bamboo leaf green snake bite
Authors: Qiu Chuanghua , Huang Chunxiu , Chen Xueyan , Gu Dayong 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Hereditary factor VII (FVII) deficiency is an uncommon autosomal recessive disorder associated with mutations in the F7 gene, and laboratory investigations usually reveal isolated prolongation in prothrombin time (PT)/international normalized ratio (INR). Venom-induced consumptive coagulopathy (VICC) is distinguished by the activation of the coagulation pathway, which is triggered by procoagulant toxins in snake venom. Diagnosing snakebites in patients with hereditary FVII deficiency presents a challenge because prolonged time PT/INR is considered the most valuable diagnostic method for VICC. Therefore, it is possible that certain patients may not promptly receive an accurate diagnosis of hereditary FVII deficiency. We present a pedigree featuring hereditary FVII deficiency, which was diagnosed through Sanger sequencing, following a bamboo leaf green snake bite.