bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Respite care for frail older people and their family carers: concept analysis and user focus group findings of a pan‐European nursing research project
Authors: Hanson Elizabeth J. , Tetley Josephine , Clarke Amanda 
Published: March 2003

Respite care for frail older people and their family carers: concept analysis and user focus group findings of a pan European nursing research projectThis paper provides a concept analysis of respite care for frail older people and their family carers. The authors re‐examine the broader conceptualization of respite care delineated by Nolan & Grant, namely, users’ needs for information, education and support about respite care, based on a review of recent literature and on a user focus group study. This work was undertaken by the Sheffield arm of the ACTION Project research team. ACTION is a 36‐month project (1997–1999), involving Northern Ireland, The Republic of Ireland, Portugal, Sweden and England and is the largest nurse‐led project to have received funding from the European Union TIDE sector (DGXIII Telematics Applications Programme, Disabled and Elderly). The authors discuss the key elements of respite and, more specifically, how they can be successfully used so that the potential of respite may be realized fully by family carers. Recommendations within the context of the ACTION research project are put forward to enable family carers and the persons they care for to make informed choices about respite care.
The role of nursing partnership interventions in improving the health of disadvantaged women
Authors: Lazenbatt Anne , Orr Jean , Bradley Martin , McWhirter Liz 
Published: March 2003

The role of nursing partnership interventions in improving the health of disadvantaged women This paper describes a project which assessed the contribution that nursing professionals are making to improving the health of deprived women living in Northern Ireland. The study is set within the context of the Targeting Health and Social Need (THSN) Initiative an important theme within the Northern Ireland Regional Strategy entitled Health and Well‐being into the Next Millennium — A Regional Strategy for Health and Social Well‐being 1997–2002 which is concerned with addressing inequalities in health status and social well‐being. The paper describes the results of a survey (n=1000, response rate 39%) and the criteria used to select 22 interventions to provide evidence of ‘effective practice’ within THSN. The study highlights the work of previous reviews in the area and provides evidence concerning effective interventions in practice. Although the interventions described may be lacking in ‘pure scientific’ method and may not meet the rigorous inclusion criteria of systematic review methodologies, there is evidence to suggest that nurses are using well‐designed more qualitative evaluation methods and demonstrating improvements in health and social need for women in the lowest socio‐economic groups. In terms of equity the case studies show that community nursing may be a powerful vehicle for researching people previously neglected by the formal health care system. Health policies such as THSN can now articulate the methods needed for reform or change, setting directions and articulating the barriers to implementation and achievement.
The roles of Australian chairs in clinical nursing
Authors: Dunn Sandra V. , Yates Patsy 
Published: March 2003

The roles of Australian chairs in clinical nursing Australian chairs in clinical nursing have been established in order to achieve more effective partnerships between academia and the health care sector in education, research and quality of nursing care. The aim of this study was to describe the goals, obstacles, supports and outcomes of such appointments. The study explored the perceptions of a purposive sample of Australian professors holding clinical chairs, stratified to ensure representation of both the geographical and clinical specialty diversity of the population. Eight professors were interviewed using semi‐structured telephone interviews. The interviews covered three phases: role establishment, current foci and future developments. Qualitative analysis for common themes and areas of divergence was conducted with concurrent analysis providing the opportunity to seek confirmation for emerging themes. The participants highlighted the diversity of arrangements between university and health sector partners in establishing their respective roles. Clear communication was crucial to successful partnership arrangements. All roles included components of education, research and politics but the relative contribution of each of these areas depended to a large extent on the priorities of the employing partners. The participants felt the need to secure sustainable income sources and consolidate outcomes to ensure the continued viability of their positions. Clinical professorial nursing appointments provide one means of addressing perceived gaps in the links between the university and health care sectors, academia and clinicians, thus enhancing nursing education, research and politics. Through emphasizing common purpose and mutual respect, these positions can illuminate the crucial role nursing plays in Australian health care delivery.
Raising research awareness among midwives and nurses: does it work?
Authors: Hundley Vanora , Milne Joan , Leighton‐Beck Linda , Graham Wendy , Fitzmaurice Ann 
Published: March 2003

Raising research awareness among midwives and nurses: does it work? Objective The primary aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of two approaches to increase research awareness among midwives and nurses. Design Quasi‐experimental with the attitudes of staff in the two groups being measured at two points (January and October 1997). Sample All midwives and nurses working in four clinical areas in an acute NHS Trust. The intervention arm of the study involved all midwives and nurses in the Clinical Directorate of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, while the control arm involved all nurses working in a specialist oncology and haematology unit and in the children’s directorate. Ethics The Joint Ethics Committee considered approval unnecessary because the study involved staff and not patients. Data collection Data were collected by self‐complete questionnaires. Interventions A programme of education with policy and practice interventions targeted at ward sisters. Outcome measures Staff attitudes to, knowledge of, and level of involvement in, research. Results The study demonstrated a significant increase in both knowledge and use of research resources. Following the programme of education, staff in the intervention group were significantly more likely to use resources associated with research utilization and to report that they had read a research paper within the last month. Study limitations The time scale of the intervention was restricted by the funding available; a significant Hawthorne effect was evident with both groups showing an increase in knowledge; the pragmatic nature of the study meant that it was not possible to randomize the study groups; the scale of the study did not permit an economic evaluation. Conclusions The introduction of clinical governance challenges healthcare providers to improve the care they deliver. There are huge opportunities for Trusts to invest in developing staff knowledge and use of research. However, staff will only seize these opportunities if there is an appropriate, enabling environment — an environment that delivers intensive interventions and is sensitive to the wider structural factors in the NHS affecting staff morale and commitment. In the absence of this environment, what may be seen as opportunities to managers may be regarded as just another burden by staff.
Patterns of caregiving when family caregivers face competing needs
Authors: Shyu Yea‐Ing Lotus 
Published: March 2003

Patterns of caregiving when family caregivers face competing needs ‘Finding a balance point’ is a process used by caregivers to achieve or preserve equilibrium in caregiving while facing competing needs. This paper describes different patterns of ‘finding a balance point’. Interviews with 15 family caregivers receiving home nursing services and 14 family caregivers of hospitalized and discharged frail elders were analysed using constant comparison. Sources of competing needs and the strategies used to find a balance point were identified by participants. Findings suggest that caregivers in a stable situation maintain a balance point, caregivers experiencing major family change try to regain a balance point, and caregivers experiencing the transition from hospital to home work at establishing a balance point. These findings can sensitize nurses to family caregivers’ needs and conditions.
Developing health‐promoting practice with families: one pedagogical experience
Authors: Hartrick Gwen 
Published: March 2003

Developing health‐promoting practice with families: one pedagogical experience As the significance of social determinants of health has been revealed and the socio‐environmental perspective of health promotion has become prominent, family nurses have attempted to move away from disease‐treatment models of practice towards emancipatory, health promoting practice. This paper describes a multidisciplinary team’s pedagogical experience of developing emancipatory family health promoting practices. The discussion includes a description of the significant educational processes that supported the development of health promoting family practice and an outline of the transformative changes the team members experienced as they evolved their health promoting practices.
Collaborating with practitioners in teaching and research: a model for developing the role of the nurse lecturer in practice areas
Authors: Murphy Fiona A. 
Published: March 2003

Collaborating with practitioners in teaching and research: a model for developing the role of the nurse lecturer in practice areas The integration of nurse education with higher education in the United Kingdom, has highlighted an uncertainty over the clinical role of nurse lecturers. Although benefits have been identified from lecturers maintaining strong links with clinical practice, the evidence suggests that nurse lecturer participation in practice areas is limited. This paper reports a strategy for developing the clinical role of the nurse lecturer through collaborating with practitioners in teaching and research. An action research project designed to implement and evaluate a teaching programme for pre‐registration nursing students was developed. The research aimed to evaluate the programme and identify the benefits for students, practitioners and the nurse lecturer in collaborating in teaching on the programme. Ethical approval was granted from the local research ethics committee. Data were collected in three ways: questionnaires to 17 students; focused interviews with nine practitioners; and analysis of the reflective diary kept by the lecturer. Findings identified the success of the teaching programme and also revealed substantial benefits for students, practitioners and the lecturer. Selected findings are used to demonstrate how the liaison, teaching, clinical practice and research elements of the nurse lecturer’s clinical role could be developed. The project was small scale and grounded within a specific context and thus may not be applicable to other settings. However, it is suggested that collaboration between nurse educationalists and practitioners in this way offers a potential model for developing the clinical role of the nurse lecturer.
‘I really feel I’ve let him down’: supporting family carers during long‐term care placement for elders
Authors: Nolan Mike , Dellasega Cheryl 
Published: March 2003

‘I really feel I’ve let him down’: supporting family carers during long‐term care placement for elders This paper considers placing a relative in a nursing home from a carer’s perspective. A largely structured, interviewer‐administered, questionnaire survey was conducted with 48 carers in the United Kingdom and 54 carers in the United States of America. While the data highlight differences between the two countries, shared experiences emerge which suggest that carers often have to make difficult decisions without adequate support. Implications for practice are considered. The need to develop more robust support mechanisms is stressed.
An international psychometric testing of the Care Dependency Scale
Authors: Dijkstra Ate , Brown Lauraine , Havens Betty , Romeren Tor Inge , Zanotti Renzo , Dassen Theo , Van Den Heuvel Wim 
Published: March 2003

An international psychometric testing of the Care Dependency Scale In an international study, psychometric properties of the Care Dependency Scale (CDS) were examined by analysing data gathered in Dutch, Canadian, Italian and Norwegian nursing homes. For that purpose, from these countries a convenience sample was developed consisting of 525 patients with dementia. The English, Italian and Norwegian research instruments were translations of the original Dutch CDS. Psychometric evaluations of the CDS were carried out for each country separately as well as for the four countries combined. High alpha coefficients between 0·94 and 0·97 were calculated. Subsequent test–retest and inter‐rater reliability revealed moderate to substantial Kappa values. Factor analysis resulted in a one‐factor solution. The scalability of the CDS was demonstrated by means of Mokken scale analysis. One of the main outcomes of the cross‐cultural comparison was that the findings in the four countries show more similarities than differences, so that the scale can be used appropriately in nursing home practice.
Beliefs about voices and their effects on coping strategies
Authors: Sayer Jane , Ritter Susan , Gournay Kevin 
Published: March 2003

Beliefs about voices and their effects on coping strategies Cognitive behavioural techniques are increasingly used as adjuncts to medication in the treatment of auditory hallucinations for people with schizophrenia. There are now literally hundreds of nurses trained in the use of cognitive behavioural interventions for psychosis. However, there is still disagreement about the nature of the cognitive processes that lead to deficits or biases in patients’ processing of information about their psychotic experiences. Using Chadwick & Birchwood’s Beliefs About Voices Questionnaire (BAVQ), the investigator collected data regarding voices from a sample of men and women being treated for schizophrenia by secondary mental health services. The investigator then carried out a cross‐lagged panel analysis of the data. The investigator found, as predicted, positive relationships between a resistive coping style and an attribution of malevolence to voices, and between an engaging coping style and an attribution of benevolence to voices. Coping and attributional styles were not necessarily stable over time. There was a non‐significant difference between women’s and men’s attributions and coping styles. There was less fluctuation over time in the women’s scores on the BAVQ. This research shows that one cannot assume that either coping or attributional style becomes more stable over time. However, while there are strong relationships between attributions and coping styles, and particularly between malevolence and resistance and benevolence and engagement, these relationships are not necessarily mutually exclusive and some people in the study believe their voices to be both malevolent and benevolent. These findings suggest that clinicians need to make a very careful assessment of attribution and coping with regard to hallucinations and that systematic reassessment is very important. Further research is necessary in both the phenomenology of attribution and coping, but also to relate these variables to other aspects of schizophrenic illnesses.
Managing the unmanageable? Nurse Executive Directors and new role developments in nursing
Authors: Cameron Ailsa , Masterson Abigail 
Published: March 2003

Managing the unmanageable? Nurse Executive Directors and new role developments in nursing This paper offers a unique insight into the factors affecting the functioning of the Nurse Executive Director(s) and their views on the realities of nursing management in the new National Health Service in England. It is based on the findings of the Exploring New Roles in Practice (ENRiP) project which was carried out for the Department of Health. As part of this project interviews were undertaken with Nurse Executive Directors from a 20% sample of acute hospital trusts in England. The interviews were designed to explore the Nurse Executive’s perceptions of the process of new role development. The findings highlight a tension between the drive for professional development and the pragmatics of service delivery in a health care system which lacks dedicated funding for nursing development. It was evident that most Nurse Executives vacillated between responding either in an ad hoc way to internal and external pressures or leading and supporting managed development.
The best interest principle as a standard for decision making in the care of neonates
Authors: Spence Kaye 
Published: March 2003

The best interest principle as a standard for decision making in the care of neonatesIn neonatal care, decisions are made on behalf of newborn infants by their parents or, in some instances, health professionals. This paper examines how the best interest standard is the most appropriate focus for decision‐making concerning neonates. The components of surrogate decision‐making are discussed from the perspective of the neonate’s interests and the contribution of the various persons involved in caring for neonates. An argument is presented for the use of best interests when making decisions and the interpretation of best interests is explored. By examining the ethical approaches using best interests, an argument is put forward for caring as an expression of best interests. How some nurses use the best interest standard in their practice is described. The unique perspective nurses may have because of their philosophy, circumstances, experience and concern for neonates is discussed. Examples are used from the literature to support the argument for nurses being in roles and relationships where the neonate’s interests are the basis of practice. How nurses classify infants on the basis of their future outcome is used to illustrate how nurses can apply the best interest standard. Ethical approaches of care and cure are used to show the best interest standard as applied to neonates. Caring as an expression of best interests is recommended for nursing decisions and actions using infant outcomes as a focus for caring and best interests.
Interviewing in phenomenology and grounded theory: is there a difference?
Authors: Wimpenny Peter , Gass John 
Published: March 2003

Interviewing in phenomenology and grounded theory: is there a difference? This paper explores the differences and similarities that may exist in respect of using the interview method in phenomenological and grounded theory methodologies. Baker et al. set out to differentiate between method in grounded theory and phenomenology and concluded that it was essential to ensure that the method matches the research question being asked. However, the paper, whilst clear in intent to differentiate between the methodologies of phenomenology and grounded theory, does little to help the researcher in the differences that may exist in carrying out such research using the same method, that is, interviewing. Interviewing has become synonymous with qualitative research and may become the accepted method of data collection irrespective of methodology. We postulate that the interview as a method of data collection may be inconsistent with the underlying principles of the methodology (phenomenology or grounded theory). Should this be the case then the interview as a means of collecting data may be viewed as generic and lack a clear connection to the methodological framework. Such a position could be consistent with a critique of qualitative nursing research on the grounds of rigour.
Individualized care: its conceptualization and practice within a multiethnic society
Authors: Gerrish Kate 
Published: March 2003

Individualized care: its conceptualization and practice within a multiethnic society This paper reports on the selected findings from a larger ethnographic study of the provision of individualized care by district nurses to patients from different ethnic backgrounds. Undertaken in an English community National Health Service (NHS) Trust serving an ethnically diverse population, the study comprised two stages. First, an organizational profile of the Trust was undertaken in order to analyse the local policy context. Data were collected by means of in‐depth interviews with managers and a review of policy documentation and caseload profiles. Second, a participant observational study was undertaken focusing on six district nursing teams. Purposive sampling was used to identify four teams with high minority ethnic caseloads and two teams with predominately white ethnic majority caseloads. Interview transcripts and field notes were analysed by drawing upon the principles of dimensional analysis. This paper focuses upon aspects of the second stage, namely how the nurses’ conceptualized and practised individualized care. Six principles underpinning the philosophy of individualized care expounded by the nurses were identified: respecting individuality; holistic care; focusing on nursing needs; promoting independence; partnership and negotiation of care; and equity and fairness. Each is examined in turn and consideration given to how they were modified in their transformation into practice. Some implications for patients from minority ethnic backgrounds of the nurses’ conceptualization and practice of individualized care are discussed. The lack of internal consistency within the nurses’ discourse, the impact of policy directives on care delivery and the influence of factors outside the nurses’ control, served to illuminate the complexity whereby the ideals of individualized care were adjusted and reworked in the realities of everyday nursing practice. This in turn raised questions about the appropriateness of the current interpretation and practice of individualized care in a multi‐ethnic society.
The recruitment crisis in nursing: placing Irish psychiatric nursing in context — a review
Authors: Wells John S.G. , McElwee C. Niall 
Published: March 2003

The recruitment crisis in nursing: placing Irish psychiatric nursing in context — a review There is a decline in recruitment to pre‐registration programmes in psychiatric nursing in Ireland. This article discusses factors that may relate to the Irish situation in the context of relevant international literature on nurse recruitment. It is noted that disciplines and courses in Ireland, such as social care, that engage in similar work to that of psychiatric nurses do not suffer from such a shortage of applicants. Whilst it is difficult to account for this difference, a number of factors identified from the literature are discussed. The need to highlight differences with general nursing and the importance of career guidance are seen as important in overcoming prejudices and stereotypes. From a review of the literature it appears that studies dedicated to recruitment to psychiatric nursing alone are notable by their paucity, and absent in the case of Ireland. Therefore, the available literature fails to fully explain the fall in psychiatric nurse recruitment compared to the robust recruitment position of social care. It is argued that dedicated research on recruitment to psychiatric nursing within an Irish setting is needed if a sustainable recruitment policy is to be implemented to reverse the long‐term decline in recruitment.