bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scab Response and Deoxynivalenol Accumulation in Spring Wheat Kernels of Different Geographical Origins Following Inoculation with Fusarium culmorum
Authors: Wiśniewska H. , Perkowski J. , Kaczmarek Z. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractTwelve Polish spring wheat cultivars and 18 spring wheat accessions (nursery name 4th SRSN, CIMMYT) Mexico, were examined over a period of 3 years for components of resistance against Fusarium head blight (scab) by using the highly pathogenic, eoxynivalenol (DON)‐producing isolate of fungus. Resistant wheat cultivars served as controls. The mean disease score (on a scale from 0–5) ranged from 0.6 to 2.2 for the CIMMYT lines and from 0.9 to 3.1 for Polish cultivars. Only in three CIMMYT lines the mean kernel weight per head corresponded to the observed in resistant cultivars. Two of these lines and an additional one had low disease scores as well as low DON accumulation. Univariate and multivariate analysis of variance showed significant differences between years and wheat accessions for all the traits. No correlation was observed between DON accumulation and both disease score of head and percentage of Fusarium damaged kernels (%FDK) in both CIMMYT and Polish spring accessions. This points to at least three different components of resistance: resistance to pathogen spread, to kernel colonization and to toxin accumulation.
Role of Viral Movement and Coat Proteins and RNA in Phloem‐dependent Movement and Phloem Unloading of Tobamoviruses
Authors: Sareila O. , Hohkuri M. , Wahlroos T. , Susi P. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe role of virus‐encoded proteins and viral RNA in phloem‐dependent movement and phloem unloading was investigated using temperature‐sensitive (ts) tobamoviruses. Phloem‐dependent movement of ts‐tobamoviruses was not prevented by the non‐permissive temperature; only a slight, temporal effect on systemic movement of Tobacco mosaic virus Ni2519 (TMV‐Ni2519), which encodes a ts‐movement protein (ts‐MP) and ts‐origin‐of‐assembly (ts‐OAS), was detected. Intact viral coat protein (CP) was not essential in the phloem‐unloading step using a modified differential temperature treatment (mDTT), in which the lower inoculated part of a plant was maintained at the permissive temperature and the upper part at the non‐permissive temperature. Grafted plants with wild‐type rootstocks and MP transgenic scions (MP expressed under transcriptional control of the CaMV 35S promoter) supported phloem unloading of Tomato mosaic virus Ls1 (encoding ts‐MP) but not that of TMV‐Ni2519 when subjected to mDTT. However, TMV‐Ni2519 was still capable of being translocated within the vascular system at the temperature at which the MP was non‐functional but could not unload from the vascular tissue. These data suggest that functionality of MP and CP is not essential for phloem‐dependent movement and phloem unloading of tobamoviruses, and also indicate that viral RNA participates in the subsequent (cell–cell) movement of tobamoviruses after phloem unloading.
Detection of Phomopsis vaccinii on Blueberry and Cranberry in Europe by Direct Tissue Blot Immunoassay and Plate‐Trapped Antigen ELISA
Authors: Gabler J. , Kačergius A. , Jovaišienė Z. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractUpright dieback, caused by Phomopsis vaccinii Shear (teleomorph Diaporthe vaccinii Shear), is an economically important disease that could threaten blueberry and cranberry production. Diagnosis of the disease by traditional phytopathological methods is difficult. We report the successful detection of P. vaccinii by direct tissue blot immunoassay (DTBIA) and plate‐trapped antigen enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (PTA‐ELISA). The infected samples obtained from Lithuania are the findings reported on the fungus in Europe.
Airway protection with the ProSealTM laryngeal mask airway in a child
Authors: KELLER CHRISTIAN , BRIMACOMBE JOSEPH , VON GOEDECKE ACHIM , LIRK PHILIPP 
Published: December 2004

SummaryWe describe a case where a size 2 ProSealTM laryngeal mask airway successfully channelled regurgitated fluid away from the respiratory tract in a 5‐year‐old child following an inguinal hernia repair.
A Christmas tree in the larynx
Authors: PHILIP JENNY , BRESNIHAN MARY , CHAMBERS NEIL 
Published: December 2004

SummaryA 2 year‐old boy presented with acute upper airway obstruction following a 15‐month history of noisy breathing and hoarseness. An urgent laryngotracheal bronchoscopy was performed following inhalational induction of anesthesia. Using a fiberoptic bronchoscope, visualization of the larynx through a laryngeal mask airway revealed a flat plastic Christmas tree embedded within granulomatous cords causing almost complete obstruction and requiring tracheostomy prior to extraction. Twelve days later, the tracheostomy was successfully decannulated with the child's voice beginning to normalize. The family remembered the decoration from Christmas celebrations 2 years prior and recalled a coughing episode that predated the onset of hoarseness.
Value adding with functional meals*
Authors: Rodgers Svetlana 
Published: December 2004

AbstractFunctional foods represent a value adding opportunity for both the food manufacturing and food service sectors. Advances in bio‐technology, micro‐encapsulation, ingredient synthesis/extraction/purification, nonthermal processing and predictive modelling support the design of ‘healthy’ foods. Food service operators need to increase their technological and marketing sophistication: knowledge of the available range of functional ingredients, their physiological benefits and effects on product quality; legislative requirements; marketing trends and consumer communication techniques. The main advantages of food services in delivering ‘functional meals’ are the fresh image of the products, the possibility of their frequent consumption and the direct contact with customers during service.
Surgical site infection – a European perspective of incidence and economic burden
Authors: Leaper David J , Van Goor Harry , Reilly Jacqueline , Petrosillo Nicola , Geiss Heinrich K , Torres Antonio J , Berger Anne 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThis retrospective review of reported surgical site infection (SSI) rates in Europe was undertaken to obtain an estimated scale of the problem and the associated economic burden. Preliminary literature searches revealed incomplete datasets when applying the National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance System criteria. Following an expanded literature search, studies were selected according to the number of parameters reported, from those identified as critical for accurate determination of SSI rates. Forty‐eight studies were analysed. None of the reviewed studies recorded all the data necessary to enable a comparative assessment of the SSI rate to be undertaken. The estimated range from selected studies analysed varied widely from 1·5–20% – a consequence of inconsistencies in data collection methods, surveillance criteria and wide variations in the surgical procedures investigated – often unspecified. SSIs contribute greatly to the economic costs of surgical procedures – estimated range: €1·47–19·1 billion. The analysis suggests that the true rate of SSIs, currently unknown, is likely to have been previously under‐reported. Consequently, the associated economic burden is also likely to be underestimated. A significant improvement in study design, data collection, analysis and reporting will be necessary to ensure that SSI baseline rates are more accurately assessed to enable the evaluation of future cost‐effective measures.
The Third Eye: Race, Cinema, and Ethnographic Spectacle; Experimental Ethnography: The Work of Film in the Age of Video
Authors: Litzinger Ralph A. 
Published: December 2004

The Third Eye: Race, Cinema, and Ethnographic Spectacle. Fatimah Tobing Rony. Durham: Duke University Press, 1996. 300 pp.Experimental Ethnography: The Work of Film in the Age of Video. Catherine Russell. Durham: Duke University Press, 1999.391 pp.
Ways of Inhabiting the World: Landscape Archaeology
Authors: Hicks Ronald 
Published: December 2004

Landscape Transformation and the Archaeology of Impact: Social Disruption and State Formation in Southern Africa. Warren R. Perry. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, 1999. 182 pp.Archaeologies of Landscape: Contemporary Perspectives. Wendy Ashmore and A. Bernard Knapp, eds. Oxford: Blackwell, 1999, 303 pp.The Archaeology and Anthropology of Landscape: Shaping Your Landscape. Peter J. Ucko and Robert Layton. eds. London: Routledge, 1999. 525 pp.
The Ethnographer's Eye: Ways of Seeing in Modern Anthropology: Visual Methods in Social Research
Authors: Taylor Lucien 
Published: December 2004

The Ethnographer's Eye: Ways of Seeing in Modern Anthropology. Anna Grimshaw. Cambridge: University of Cambridge Press, 2001. 222 pp.Visual Methods in Social Research. Marcus Banks. New York City: Sage Publications, 2001. 201 pp.
Audit Society: Rituals of Verification: Audit Cultures: Anthropological Studies in Accountability, Ethics and the Academy
Authors: Lempert David 
Published: December 2004

Audit Society: Rituals of Verification. Michael Power. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999.183 pp.Audit Cultures: Anthropological Studies in Accountability, Ethics and the Academy. Marilyn Strathern. ed. New York: Routledge, 2000. 310 pp.
Oligothia Dendrimers for the Formation of Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: D'Aléo A. , Williams R. M. , Osswald F. , Edamana P. , Hahn U. , van Heyst J. , Tichelaar F. D. , Vögtle F. , De Cola L. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe synthesis and characterization of oligothia dendrimers and their use for the formation of gold nanoparticles is described. The role played by these dendrimers in controlling the stability and size of the particles is discussed. It is shown that the generation of the dendrimers, as well as the position of the sulfur atoms in the dendritic structure (S6G1 and S9G1), influence the formation and reactivity of the nanoparticles. UV‐visible spectroscopy, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy have been employed for the characterization of the nanoparticles. Furthermore, purification by Soxhlet extraction has been performed.
Hierarchical Self‐Assembly of Peptide‐Coated Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Dalton A. B. , Ortiz‐Acevedo A. , Zorbas V. , Brunner E. , Sampson W. M. , Collins S. , Razal J. M. , Miki Yoshida M. , Baughman R. H. , Draper R. K. , Musselman I. H. , Jose‐Yacaman M. , Dieckmann G. R. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractNumerous applications, from molecular electronics to super‐strong composites, have been suggested for carbon nanotubes. Despite this promise, difficulty in assembling raw carbon nanotubes into functional structures is a deterrent for applications. In contrast, biological materials have evolved to self‐assemble, and the lessons of their self‐assembly can be applied to synthetic materials such as carbon nanotubes. Here we show that single‐walled carbon nanotubes, coated with a designed amphiphilic peptide, can be assembled into ordered hierarchical structures. This novel methodology offers a new route for controlling the physical properties of nanotube systems at all length scales from the nano‐ to the macroscale. Moreover, this technique is not limited to assembling carbon nanotubes, and could be modified to serve as a general procedure for controllably assembling other nanostructures into functional materials.
Nanoporous Alumina Membranes as Diffusion Controlling Systems
Authors: Kipke S. , Schmid G. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThis work describes the use of nanoporous alumina membranes for the diffusion of crystal violet molecules, encapsulated in the micelles of sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS), through pores ranging between 20 and 200 nm in diameter. The encapsulation of the crystal violet in SDS micelles is necessary in order to enlarge the size of the molecules to such an extent that the pore size becomes a speed‐controlling function. Superior results were obtained when the membrane‐containing capsule is placed into a water‐filled beaker, and carefully moved by means of a “tipping bridge” in order to prevent diffusion problems in the capsule. Free crystal violet was liberated following diffusion due to the low SDS concentration in the aqueous solution, which was far below the critical micelle concentration (CMC). Micelle formation and encapsulation of crystal violet is shown by UV‐visible and fluorescence spectroscopies. The experiments described herein serve as an exploratory test for developing novel drug delivery systems.
Numerical investigation of blade shape in static mixing
Authors: Heniche M. , Tanguy P. A. , Reeder M. F. , Fasano J. B. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe mixing performance of the KMX and SMX static mixers have been compared using 3D high‐resolution computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. Although these mixers have a similar design composed of layers of blades, their blade shape is different: curved for the KMX and flat for the SMX. The flow of a Newtonian fluid in steady laminar regime has been considered as the benchmark of the study. The simulation was first validated by assessing the pressure drop vs. the number of mixer elements and the results were found to be in good agreement with experimental data. To evaluate the mixing quality, cross‐section stream function, extensional efficiency, mean shear rate, residence time, intensity of segregation, stretching, and Lyapunov exponent have been selected. Analysis of the flow pattern and mixing parameters shows differences between the mixers and it appears that the curved blade is more efficient than the flat blade design at the expense of a slightly higher pressure drop. In practice, the KMX mixer should provide a higher mixing rate at high viscosity ratio than the SMX mixer. © 2004 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 51: 44–58, 2005
Spectroscopic Properties and Electronic Structure of Pentammineruthenium(II) Dinitrogen Oxide and Corresponding Nitrosyl Complexes: Binding Mode of N2O and Reactivity.
Authors: Paulat Florian , Kuschel Torben , Naether Christian , Praneeth V. K. K. , Sander Ole , Lehnert Nicolai 
Published: December 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Multiparametric characterization by flow cytometry of flow‐sorted subpopulations of a human hepatoma cell line useful for drug research
Authors: O'Connor José‐Enrique , Martínez Alicia , Castell José V. , Gómez‐Lechón María‐José 
Published: December 2004

AbstractBackgroundPrimary cultured hepatocytes are the closest model to the liver for drug research. However, to overcome its limited availability, the search for hepatic cell lines as an alternative to primary cultures is a matter of current interest. In particular, highly differentiated hepatocellular carcinomas have been proposed as in vitro tools for routine experiments in hepatotoxicity and drug metabolism.MethodsCell populations were selected by fluorescence‐activated cell sorting based on low and high relative expressions of P‐glycoprotein. These cell lines were characterized after 21 days in culture by multiparametric analysis with flow cytometry providing direct information on key cellular functions (stability in culture, intracellular ionic homeostasis, plasmatic and mitochondrial membrane‐related parameters, red‐ox status, drug transport, and metabolism).ResultsTwo subpopulations (ADV‐1 and ADV‐2) from the differentiated and well‐characterized human hepatoma BC2 cell line showed increased activity of drug transport and drug biotransformation capability (cytochrome P450 [CYP] 1A2, CYP2B6, CYP3A4, and CYP2Cs). These subpopulations were characterized extensively by multiparametric flow cytometric analysis.ConclusionADV‐1 subpopulation showed greater stability in culture, better efficiency regarding intracellular pH maintenance through the operation of Na+/H+ exchange antiporter, and significantly greater CYP‐dependent biotransformation activity than the BC2 parental cells and ADV‐2 cells. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Two‐phase production of cyclohexene and cyclooctene oxides in water as an approach to pollution prevention
Authors: Shu Hung‐Yee 
Published: December 2004

AbstractLiquid–liquid two‐phase epoxidation from cyclohexene and cyclooctene in aqueous potassium peroxymonosulfate (commercially available as Oxone®) solution was studied as an application in pollution prevention. To avoid potential emissions of volatile organic compounds an aqueous solution was employed to replace the usual chlorinated solvents used in epoxide production. A droplet column reactor and stirred tank reactor were used to investigate two‐phase synthesis of epoxide. An aqueous Oxone® solution was used to oxidize a dispersion of alkene droplets and form epoxide. The study of aqueous epoxidation in both reactors showed that the epoxidation of alkenes can be represented as a first order reaction with respect to alkene. The salting out effect of Oxone® concentration was studied in both reactors and found to be very similar at optimal conditions. In comparing the two reactors, it was found that the droplet column reactor produces larger quantities of product per unit reactor volume for the same reaction time. The objective of this study is to provide an alternative reactor design and synthesis route that can meet pollution prevention goals. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Photocatalytic degradation of gaseous trichloroethene using immobilized ZnO/SnO2 coupled oxide in a flow‐through photocatalytic reactor
Authors: An Taicheng , Zhang Maolin , Wang Xinming , Sheng Guoying , Fu Jiamo 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe photocatalytic degradation of gaseous trichloroethene (TCE) was investigated on immobilized ZnO/SnO2 coupled oxide in a flow‐through photocatalytic reactor. It was found that gaseous photocatalysis is an efficient method for volatile organic compounds' abatement and air purification. Degradation of ∼100% was found for TCE at the concentrations examined, up to 400 ppmv, in a flow‐through dry synthetic gas stream. In our tested conditions, the flow rate had little influence on the photocatalytic degradation efficiencies of TCE, while the relative humidity had a significant influence on the photocatalytic degradation of TCE. The photocatalytic degradation efficiencies of TCE increased slowly below 20% relative humidity and then decreased as the relative humidity increased further. The deactivation of used immobilized photocatalyst was not observed within the 200 h testing period in the present experiment, although the surface of the photocatalyst changed greatly during the use of the photocatalyst. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Knowledge management strategy and organization: a perspective of analysis
Authors: Garavelli Claudio , Gorgoglione Michele , Scozzi Barbara 
Published: December 2004

AbstractSeveral approaches, processes and organizational forms to develop and properly manage knowledge in a company have been proposed in the literature. However, there is a lack of methodologies aimed at supporting the analysis and implementation of a knowledge management (KM) strategy, the organizational approach to manage and leverage the company's knowledge. In this paper, two main and opposite KM strategies are pointed out: theknowledge marketand theknowledge community. A model is then proposed to assess the current KM strategy adopted by a company and its distance from the two extreme KM strategies. The model can support companies in the identification of suitable actions to better implement their KM strategy and to foster KM practices in the organization. The effectiveness of the model is also tested on a real case of application. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Carbon sequestration in soils of central Asia
Authors: Lal R. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractProblems of frequent drought stress, low soil organic carbon (SOC) concentration, low aggregation, susceptibility to compaction, salinization and accelerated soil erosion in dry regions are accentuated by removal of crop residues, mechanical methods of seedbed preparation, summer clean fallowing and overgrazing, and excessive irrigation. The attendant soil degradation and desertification lead to depletion of SOC, decline in biomass production, eutrophication/pollution of waters and emission of greenhouse gases. Adoption of conservation agriculture, based on the use of crop residue mulch and no till farming, can conserve water, reduce soil erosion, improve soil structure, enhance SOC concentration, and reduce the rate of enrichment of atmospheric CO2. The rate of SOC sequestration with conversion to conservation agriculture, elimination of summer fallowing and growing forages/cover crops may be 100 to 200 kg ha−1 y−1 in coarse‐textured soils of semiarid regions and 150 to 300 kg ha−1 y−1 in heavy‐textured soils of the subhumid regions. The potential of soil C sequestration in central Asia is 10 to 22 Tg C y−1 (16±8 Tg C y−1) for about 50 years, and it represents 20 per cent of the CO2 emissions by fossil fuel combustion. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cell wall proteins in apoplastic fluids of Arabidopsis thaliana rosettes: Identification by mass spectrometry and bioinformatics
Authors: Boudart Georges , Jamet Elisabeth , Rossignol Michel , Lafitte Claude , Borderies Gisèle , Jauneau Alain , Esquerré‐Tugayé Marie‐Thérèse , Pont‐Lezica Rafael 
Published: December 2004

AbstractWeakly bound cell wall proteins of Arabidopsis thaliana were identified using a proteomic and bioinformatic approach. An efficient protocol of extraction based on vacuum‐infiltration of the tissues was developed. Several salts and a chelating agent were compared for their ability to extract cell wall proteins without releasing cytoplasmic contaminants. Of the 93 proteins that were identified, a large proportion (60%) was released by calcium chloride. From bioinformatics analysis, it may be predicted that most of them (87 out of 93) had a signal peptide, whereas only six originated from the cytoplasm. Among the putative apoplastic proteins, a high proportion (67 out of 87) had a basic pI. Numerous glycoside hydrolases and proteins with interacting domains were identified, in agreement with the expected role of the extracellular matrix in polysaccharide metabolism and recognition phenomena. Ten proteinases were also found as well as six proteins with unknown functions. Comparison of the cell wall proteome of rosettes with the previously published cell wall proteome of cell suspension cultures showed a high level of cell specificity, especially for the different members of several large multigenic families.
Effect of Acetylation on Some Properties of Corn and Potato Starches
Authors: Singh Jaspreet , Kaur Lovedeep , Singh Narpinder 
Published: December 2004

AbstractCorn starch and starches separated from different potato cultivars were acetylated to evaluate the effect of plant source on the physicochemical, morphological, thermal, rheological, textural and retrogradation properties of the starches. Corn starch showed a lower degree of acetylation than potato starches under similar experimental conditions. The degree of acetylation for different potato starches also differed significantly. Morphological examination revealed that the granules of acetylated Kufri Chandermukhi and Kufri Sindhuri starches tended to appear as fused and less smooth than native starch granules. Acetylation of corn and potato starches decreased the transition temperatures and enthalpy of gelatinization and increased swelling power and light transmittance. However, the change in these was greater in the potato starches with higher percentage of small sized granules. Acetylated starches showed higher peak G', G'' and lower tan δ than their counterpart native starches during heating. Among the starches from different cultivars, the change in the rheological parameters after acetylation differed to a significant extent. The retrogradation was observed to be negligible in the acetylated cooked starch pastes. Results implied that the change in functional properties of starches with acetylation depends on source and granule morphology of native starch.