bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unlocking the Potential of High-Resolution Satellite Imagery for Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) Phenotyping and Maturity Estimation in Plant Breeding
Authors: Mazis Anastasios , Barbeau Adam , Linares Julien , Das Pringale Kumar , Barr Jeremiah , Coles Nathan 
Published: October 2023

Plant breeding programs demand efficient and accurate methods for
crop phenotyping, especially for economically important crops like
soybeans. High-resolution satellite and drone imagery are alternatives
to ground data collection to monitor crops in a time, cost, and labor
efficient way. Drone imagery offers localized and high-resolution data
but has limitations in coverage and operator skills. In contrast,
high-resolution satellite imagery provides broad-scale views of research
sites without the need of a human data collector or pilot.
Our study investigates the potential of high-resolution satellite
imagery (50 cm GSD) as an alternative to drone imagery for assessing
soybean physiological maturity and monitoring the crop condition in a
small plot breeding program. We compare the efficacy of satellite
against UAV by generating various multi-spectral vegetation indices (VI)
to predict maturity and assessing crop canopy characteristics (green
cover and NGE) . Eleven satellite derived VI were compared to UAV
derived values, with NDVI (R= 0.84), EVI2
(R= 0.83), TVI (R= 0.83) and IPVI
(R= 0.83) displaying the highest correlation between
the two methods. Satellite-derived NDVI was also efficient in
distinguishing the maturity of varieties among and across maturity
groups when compared against UAV imagery. Within location heritability
was high with values ranging between H= 0.77 and
H= 0.93.
With advances in spatial resolution, satellites can now provide
detailed insights into crop health, productivity, and resource
management. Our findings reveal the promise of high-resolution satellite
imagery as a valuable tool in small plot phenotyping with the potential
to further scale breeding programs.
Pengaruh Model PAKEM terhadap Keterampilan Proses Sains Anak Kelompok B di TK Negeri Desa Tukadmungga
Authors: Suarningsih Ni Putu Lia , Gading I Ketut , Handayani Dewa Ayu Puteri 
Published: October 2023

A B S T R A K
Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh rendahnya keterampilan proses sains siswa, keterampilan proses sains yang dimaksud yaitu keterampilan mengamati, mengklasifikasikan, membandingkan, mengukur, komunikasi dan eksperimen. Dari permasalahan tersebut perlu diberikan metode mengajar yang baru. Metode mengajar yang diterapkan untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut yaitu dengan menerapkan model pembelajaran PAKEM. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran PAKEM terhadap keterampilan proses sains anak kelompok B di TK Negeri Desa Tukadmungga. Jenis penelitian yang dilaksanakan merupakan penelitian eksperimen semu dengan rancangan penelitian pretest – posttest control group design. Populasi pada penelitian ini yaitu seluruh siswa kelompok B di TK Negeri Desa Tukadmunga. Sampel pada penelitian ini yaitu siswa dari kelompok B5 dan B6 dengan jumlah siswa sebanyak 25 orang sebagai kelompok eksperimen dengan penerapan model pembelajaran PAKEM, sedangkan kelompok B1 dan B2 dengan jumlah siswa sebanyak 28 orang digunakan sebagai kelompok kontrol. Data hasil keterampilan proses sains dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan instrumen berupa lembar observasi. Selanjutnya di analisis dengan menggunakan teknik analisis statistik deskriptif dan inferensial (Uji-t). Berdasarkan perhitungan Uji-t menunjukkan bahwa nilai signifikansi keterampilan proses sains = 0,00 < taraf signifikansi 5% (0,00 < 0,05). Hal ini berarti terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan model pembelajaran PAKEM terhadap keterampilan proses sains anak kelompok B di TK Negeri Desa Tukadmungga. Selain itu, berdasarkan analisis deskriptif diperoleh skor rata-rata kelompok eksperiman lebih besar dari skor rata-rata kelompok kontol, yaitu 62,76 > 44,49. Jadi, dapat disimpulkan bahwa, terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan model pembelajaran PAKEM terhadap keterampilan proses sains anak kelompok B di TK Negeri Desa Tukadmungga.
Kegiatan Seni Tari Kreasi Terhadap Kepercayaan Diri Anak Kelompok Usia 5-6 Tahun
Authors: Damayanti Ni kadek ayu , Asril Nice Maylani , Wirabrata Dewa Gede Firstia 
Published: October 2023

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh rendahnya kepercayaan diri, kepercayaan diri yang dimaksud yaitu kesadaran diri anak, rasa tanggung jawab, dan perilaku prososial. Dari permasalahan tersebut perlu diberikan metode mengajar yang baru. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh kegiatan tari kreasi terhadap kepercayaan diri anak kelompok B. Jenis penelitian yang dilaksanakan merupakan penelitian eksperimen semu dengan rancangan penelitian pretest-posttest control group design. Populasi pada penelitian ini yaitu seluruh siswa kelompok B. Sampel pada penelitian ini yaitu siswa dari kelompok B1 dan B2 dengan jumlah siswa sebanyak 28 orang sebagai kelompok eksperimen dengan penerapan tari kreasi, sedangkan kelompok B5 dan B6 dengan jumlah siswa sebanyak 24 orang digunakan sebagai kelompok kontrol. Data hasil kepercayaan diri anak dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan instrumen berupa lembar observasi. Selanjutnya di analisis dengan menggunakan teknik analisis statistik deskriptif dan inferensial (Uji-t). Hasil penelitian menunjukan terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan kegiatan seni tari kreasi terhadap kepercayaan diri anak kelompok B. Selain itu, berdasarkan analisis deskriptif diperoleh skor rata-rata kelompok eksperiman lebih besar dari skor rata-rata kelompok control. Disimpulkan bahwa kegiatan seni tari kreasi dapat meningkatkan kepercayaan diri anak kelompok B.
Concealment of administrative offenses by public officials: indicators and forms
Authors: Likhovitskyy Ya. , Dovba T. 
Published: October 2023

Administrative offenses are offenses that can arise in various areas of activity involving public officials. These actions may have negative consequences for the public, undermining the principles of legality, transparency, and accountability. The article provides an in-depth analysis of the phenomenon of concealing administrative offenses by public officials and explores its impact on the legal system and society as a whole.
The essence of the problem lies in the fact that public officials, who are obligated to act in the public interest and comply with the law, may conceal their wrongful acts or offenses. Such practices violate the fundamental principles of democracy and the rule of law, affecting the level of trust citizens have in government authorities and institutions. The article thoroughly examines the reasons that contribute to concealing offenses and also explores potential consequences for society.
To effectively combat the concealment of administrative offenses, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the problem and identify ways to counteract this phenomenon. The article investigates various approaches to ensuring accountability for public officials and developing a system of control over their actions. The authors emphasize the need to create effective mechanisms of oversight and supervision, which will help prevent impunity within governmental structures and ensure the fair application of the law.
All aspects explored in the article aim to promote the development of a legal culture, strengthen trust in government institutions, and ensure transparency and legality within society. The authors provide recommendations for improving mechanisms to detect and hold public officials accountable for concealing offenses. This will facilitate more effective functioning of state structures, enhance the quality of justice, and reinforce citizens’ trust in their government.
Prospects of legal reception in the conditions of Ukraine’s acquisition of EU membership
Authors: Suhan I. , Porada S. 
Published: October 2023

The free movement of goods, persons, services and capital is the basis of the functioning of the European Union as a regional supranational entity. It is these principles that determine the benchmarks of norm-making by the institutions of the European Union.
At the same time, the specified bases determine the context of harmonization of the legislation of the member states of the European Union. Likewise, the main category of litigation, which is or has been under consideration by the Court of the European Union, concerns precisely the violation of the specified principles of the functioning of the internal market.
In the context of the above, the European integration of Ukraine leads to a change in the paradigm of state regulation in the economic sphere, primarily towards the liberalization of legislative requirements. At the same time, this primarily concerns the state regulation of the tax and customs systems of Ukraine. Both the tax system and the customs need significant liberalization in the context of changing the repressive-fiscal approach to the service approach.
The Association Agreement between Ukraine and the European Union itself establishes a series of successive steps aimed at adapting and harmonizing national Ukrainian legislation in the context of European values of free movement of goods, persons, services and capital.
At the same time, taking into account the special nature of the constitution as the basis of the national legal system, the norms of which have direct effect, an important guarantee of the implementation within the Ukrainian jurisdiction of the above-mentioned four freedoms of the internal market of the European Union would be the constitutional consolidation of the principles of adaptation of Ukrainian legislation to the rules of the internal market of the European Union precisely in view of the basic paradigm of free movement of goods, persons, services and capital.
At most, the existence of a constitutional consolidation of the foundations of the free movement of goods, persons, services and capital would make it possible to direct both judicial practice and law- making and by-law rule-making activities in the appropriate direction.
The above would clearly contribute to the improvement of the economic and investment climate in Ukraine, which will become especially relevant in the war and post-war periods.
At the same time, the reception mechanism is one of the most effective ways of unifying different legal systems.
The german «model» of criminal-legal protection of the circulation of medicines and the circulation of medical products: concepts and structure
Authors: Berzin P. , Volynets R. , Frolova O. 
Published: October 2023

The article examines the German «model» of criminal law protection of circulation of medicines and circulation of medical products. A number of obligations assumed by Ukraine after the conclusion of the Association Agreement between Ukraine, on the one hand, and the European Union, the European Atomic Energy Community and their member states, on the other hand, are analyzed. In particular, obligations related to the legal protection of medicines and medical products.
The subject of the authors’ consideration is the European standards of the «model» of criminal law protection of circulation of medicines and circulation of medical products against their counterfeiting (falsification), which Ukraine is obliged to take into account (according to the Medicrime convention).
The criminal legislation of the Federal Republic of Germany is studied, as it provides the most complete protection of the circulation of medicines and the circulation of medical products. The German Medicines Act (1976) and the German Medical Products Act (2002) were developed by the authors.
The German approach in defining the concept of medicinal products in the Law on Circulation of Medicinal Products is presented, which, according to the authors, is important because it «contradicts» the approach laid down in the Medicrime Convention.
The article pays attention to the types of German criminal offenses that encroach on the established order of circulation of medicinal products and the types of criminal offenses that encroach on the established order of circulation of medical products.
The authors find that the main advantages of the German «model» are the detailed inclusion of the provisions of the regulatory legislation, which ensures the circulation of medicinal products and the circulation of medical products, in the content of the structural elements of a specific type of criminal offense: a) in the content of objective and subjective signs of the corresponding composition of the act (on one «level» of the structure of the criminal offense), as well as b) the illegality of these criminal offenses (on another «level» of the structure).
The content of “the circulation of medicines” and “the circulation of medical products”, provided for in the relevant provisions of the German Law on the circulation of medicines and the Law on medical products, is analyzed.
Legal collisions in the field regulation of labour of persons, convict to imprisonment with setting of additional punishment in the type of privation of right to hold certain positions or carry on certain activity
Authors: Demenko S. 
Published: October 2023

The article is sanctified to some questions, that arise up in the process of the legal adjusting of labour of persons, convict to imprisonment with setting of additional punishment in the type of privation of right to hold certain positions or carry on certain activity. Convolute attention on a tendency to reduction of application of this repressive measure in practice of courts. On the basis of the conducted analysis legal collisions were educed, in particular between the binding overs of criminally-executive legislation, positions of the International pact about civil and political rights and norms of penal law, in part of adjusting of labour of convict to imprisonment, and also actual contradiction between voluntarily realization of right to work and duty to work for persons, that leave punishment for the type of imprisonment that is descendant the short stories of criminally-executive legislation. It is accented on an actual association in legal maintenance «publicly useful work of convict to imprisonment» of three various on the nature types of labour, that stipulated the process of evaluation of such labour in the generalized kind without a selection and taking into account of specific of type of such activity.
Author is offer adjustment of normative positions of Criminal Code, Criminally-Executive Code and department documents, criminally-executive relations sent to adjusting, namely: exception from the criminally-executive legislation of norm about obligatoryness of labour of this category of convict with simultaneous adjustment of mechanism of conditionally-early liberation by means of replacement of abstract formulation of «attitude toward labour» in p. 2 art. 81 Criminal Code by a concrete condition: by «realization of publicly-useful labour and absence of debts on executive documents».
In addition, by an author convolute attention on the necessity of realization of next adjustment legislation: introduction of legal interpretation of concept «publicly-useful labour» to the binding overs of criminally- executive legislation with leaning of public interest in his rich in content loading; alignment jurisdictions of organ of probation and administration of criminally-executive establishments in part of implementation by them punishments in the type of privation of right to hold certain positions or carry on certain activity, appointed to convict to imprisonment in quality of additional punishment, by making alteration to art. 31 Criminally-Executive Code; expansion of maintenance of Rules of internal order of establishments of implementation of punishments by the gone into detail procedure of conclusion of labour treaty or agreement with convict to privation.
Robotes-judges: «Transfer of weight (the symbol of court) from the hands of traders to the hands of an angel» or high technology in the future of the legal profession?
Authors: Mudrytska K. 
Published: October 2023

Today’s realities are such that judges in Ukraine have become much more distant from the people and are perceived by the population as part of the state apparatus, making decisions on the basis of “telephone law”, and not as an independent judicial branch of government.
Ordinary citizens, investors and entrepreneurs must be sure of the complete objectivity and impartiality of the judicial system without the possibility of arbitrariness of officials in it, therefore more and more supporters of the complete transition to an automated (robotic) judicial system appear.
However, along with this, there are opponents of the use of artificial intelligence in the judicial process. Thus, one party believes that the future and the legal profession will soon die out due to high technologies, others distrust any computerization of the judicial process.
Certain judicial bodies of different countries - France, the USA, China, Great Britain - already use artificial intelligence to help the judge in certain circumstances - for example, to prepare procedural documents, check the correctness of filling in the details of the parties and selection of court practice.
However, as in other countries, in Ukraine they are working on the digitization of the maximum space in the field of justice. Currently, applications are submitted electronically using the “Electronic Court” system, remote participation in the meeting, as well as their audio and video recording.
Of course, it is impossible to stop the development of technologies, including in the judiciary. Therefore, when there are hypothetical moments in the future that the functional capabilities of artificial intelligence will exceed the capabilities of judges, prosecutors and lawyers, then quite relevant questions arise in view of the probability of the onset of a “legal singularity”.
In addition, there are still many unresolved issues, such as the issue of remote certification of evidence, legal and ethical barriers, and enforcement of the decision.
Thus, in such a world, the law will move into a state of equilibrium between facts and norms. This threatens the death of the system of legal argumentation, which currently forms the basis of judicial evidence.
Court precedent as an international legal standard for the protection of personal rights, freedoms and interests
Authors: Ostafiichuk L. 
Published: October 2023

The article considers the issue of establishing a judicial precedent as an international legal standard for the protection of rights, freedoms and interests of a person.
The concept of «personal rights» is proposed to be understood as a set of human rights and citizen’s rights and the basis of the construction of «personal rights» should be considered to be respect for human dignity which is the source of the rights and freedoms of a person.
It has been found that the law and the state are the primary system of minimum means and guarantees of observance of human and citizen rights which can be used in the interests of the formation and development of the individual. At the same time the law acts as a means of ensuring the freedom of the individual as well as a means of reasonable and fair restriction of those who are not aligned with social needs and people’s ideas about the good and justice of the level of freedom and the scope of power.
It has been proven that the international legal standards of the rights, freedoms and interests of a person are generally recognized provisions of international acts of a mandatory and recommendatory nature, as well as the principles of international law that establish the fundamental rights of a person. The content of the influence of international law on national law is that the basis of their interaction is determined primarily by constitutional means, since most state constitutions contain a significant number of provisions on basic human rights, which are defined by international acts. In addition, national legislation is subject not only to the provisions of international acts, but also to international courts and institutions whose main mission is to protect human rights, freedoms and interests.
It was concluded that with the emergence of universal rights, freedoms and interests of the individual and related international systems of their protection, a new fundamental law is formed, which is based on judicial practice, which has its own rules of adoption and standards of application of court decisions, and court precedent is considered as international legal standard for the protection of the rights, freedoms and interests of a person.
Norms of international law regarding the prevention of crimes of genocide committed by the Russian Federation in the war against Ukraine
Authors: Boyko I. 
Published: October 2023

The article examines the norms of international law regarding the prevention of crimes of genocide committed by the Russian Federation in the war against Ukraine. The essence and specifics of ensuring the implementation of current provisions and norms of international criminal law regarding criminal prosecution for the commission of crimes of genocide against Russia as an aggressor state, a sponsor of terrorism, its top political and military leadership and the military, who directly commit these crimes in the beginning of February 24, 2022, were considered. full-scale war against Ukraine. It is established that the crimes of genocide are crimes against the security of humanity committed with the intent to destroy, in whole or in part, any national, ethnic, racial or religious group as such by: a) killing members of such a group; b) causing serious bodily injury or mental disorder to members of such a group; c) deliberate creation of living conditions for such a group, designed to bring it to its complete or partial physical destruction; d) implementation of measures aimed at preventing childbirth within such a group; e) forcible transfer of children of this group to another group. The scientific developments and provisions of the current legal norms of the International Convention on the Prevention of the Crime of Genocide and its Punishment, the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, as well as the criminal law of Ukraine were studied with the aim of the need for the immediate ratification by the Parliament of Ukraine of the legal norms of the International Criminal Court and their implementation into the criminal legislation of Ukraine and Law of Ukraine “On the Judiciary and the Status of Judges” in English”.
The author formulated reasonable proposals for improving the criminal legislation of Ukraine in accordance with the norms of international criminal law, as well as the criminal prosecution and punishment of the highest political and military leadership and the military of the Russian Federation, who directly commit crimes of genocide in the war against Ukraine.