bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phytophthora: an underestimated threat to agriculture, forestry, and natural ecosystems in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Bose Tanay , Spies Christoffel F. J. , Hammerbacher Almuth , Coutinho Teresa A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPhytophthora species are highly destructive plant pathogens and pose a significant threat to plants in various ecosystems, including agriculture, forest plantations, and natural environments. In sub-Saharan Africa, a total of 77 Phytophthora species have been identified and this review aims to provide an overview of the species diversity and progress of Phytophthora research in this region. Numerous important studies have been carried out in this region, contributing significantly to our understanding of Phytophthora in various research fields. However, compared to global data, the advancement of Phytophthora research in sub-Saharan Africa has been relatively slow. This is evident from the fact that some countries in the region have yet to report the presence of Phytophthora species. Thus, this review also highlights critical research gaps, particularly concerning the potential impacts of climate change, and suggests specific studies to address these gaps. The identified research studies are of utmost urgency as they not only aim to safeguard the iconic floral biodiversity of the region but also play a crucial role in enhancing the economy and ensuring food security.
Teaching sustainability at the high sea: the “One Ocean Expedition”
Authors: Eid Jarle , Aanerud Marianne , Enberg Katja 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis case study explores educational practices and processes in an interdisciplinary summer course addressing SDG14 (Life below water), SDG13 (Climate action), SDG4 (Education), SDG3 (Good health and wellbeing), and SDG17 (Partnerships). From May to August in 2022, students from 12 countries participated in an undergraduate summer course (SDG 200 Ocean–Climate–Society) on the sailship Statsraad Lehmkuhl as part of the One Ocean Expedition. Sustainability, marine biology, behavioral science, and sail training were core aspects of the daily assignments for the 86 students during the Pacific crossing from Chile to Tahiti. The students took part in watch duties 24–7 and were assigned to 18 working groups in their academic studies. Active learning approaches such as team-based learning and storytelling proved essential to engage students in interdisciplinary exchange on sustainability issues. A major challenge was to strike a balance between the academic work and the requirements from sea duties and life on board a sailship. Student feedback and assessment contribute to contextualize the learning experiences and personal development during the first five weeks on board. This case study provides an example of how life on a sailship can present a formative learning experience and an interdisciplinary laboratory to study and live in alignment with SDGs and with the overall mandate of the Global Agenda for Sustainable Development.
Navigating the Rapidly Evolving Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma Treatment Landscape: Insights from Italian Experts
Authors: Santini Daniele , Banna Giuseppe Luigi , Buti Sebastiano , Isella Luca , Stellato Marco , Roberto Michela , Iacovelli Roberto 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Purpose of Review
To discuss recent advances in the treatment of advanced urothelial carcinoma (UC) and how best to incorporate new therapies into clinical practice.

Recent Findings
There have been several recent practice-changing phase 2 and 3 trials of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs), and targeted agents in advanced UC. Based on data from these trials, ICIs can be used as first-line maintenance therapy in patients who do not progress on platinum-based chemotherapy, second-line therapy for those with progression, and first-line therapy in cisplatin-ineligible patients with PD-L1 expression; ADCs and targeted agents provide later-line treatment options.

Summary
Despite substantial progress in the treatment of advanced UC, there are still many uncertainties, including the optimal treatment sequence for novel agents, and reliable predictive biomarkers to aid in treatment selection. There is also an unmet need for effective treatment options in patients unfit for any platinum-based chemotherapy.
Sadism and Personality Disorders
Authors: Lobbestael Jill , Slaoui Ghizlane , Gollwitzer Mario 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Sadistic pleasure—the enjoyment of harm-infliction to others—can have devastating interpersonal and societal consequences. The goal of the current review is to illuminate the nomological net of traits related to sadism. We aim to achieve an understanding of the current empirical status on the link between sadism and personality disorders, psychopathy, the Dark Triad, and basic personality traits in clinical and community-based samples.

Recent Findings
The field is dominated by self-report studies on the Dark Triad with convenience samples. The link with DSM personality disorders has hardly been empirically studied. Existing evidence shows that sadism is most strongly related to increased psychopathic personality traits.

Summary
Sadism can originate both from the interpersonal, affective, and behavioural basis of dark personality traits. There are diverging ideas on the differential status between sadism, psychopathy, and other dark traits. Research is needed on the causal impact of the broader range of personality disorders on sadism, in more diverse samples, including behavioural assessments of sadistic pleasure, as well as on the interplay of such personality traits with situational and affective aspects, and victim attitudes.
Vom Triple- zum Quadruplemandat?
Authors: Emanuel Markus , Graßhoff Gunther , Klomann Verena , Weinhardt Marc 
Published: October 2023

ZusammenfassungDer Begriff und das Thema Nachhaltigkeit haben sich in der Sozialen Arbeit etabliert. Offen bleibt bisher, was genau mit Nachhaltigkeit verbunden wird und in welchen Kontexten Sozialer Arbeit welche Bezüge zur Nachhaltigkeitsdebatte aufgerufen werden. Der vorliegende Einführungsbeitrag in den SchwerpunktNachhaltigkeit – ein Thema (in) der Sozialen Arbeitwill aufzeigen und systematisieren, was Nachhaltigkeit für die Soziale Arbeit derzeit bedeutet und zukünftig bedeuten kann oder soll. Neben einer theoretischen Auseinandersetzung gewährt er exemplarische Einblicke in die Nachhaltigkeitsdebatten in Praxisfeldern Sozialen Arbeit, identifiziert Impulse für Theorieentwicklung und Handlungskonzepte der Sozialen Arbeit und führt in die Beiträge des Schwerpunktes ein.
Martingale Hardy Spaces and Some New Weighted Maximal Operators of Fejér Means of Walsh–Fourier Series
Authors: Baramidze Davit , Blahota István , Tephnadze George , Toledo Rodolfo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce some new weighted maximal operators of the Fejér means of the Walsh–Fourier series. We prove that for some “optimal” weights, these new operators indeed are bounded from the martingale Hardy space $$H_{p}(G)$$

H
p

(
G
)

to the Lebesgue space $$L_{p}(G)$$

L
p

(
G
)

, for $$0<p<1/2$$

0
<
p
<
1
/
2

. Moreover, we also prove sharpness of this result. As a consequence, we obtain some new and well-known results.
Exploring connectivity in Late Bronze Age/Early Iron Age Greece and the Balkans using cranial non-metric analysis
Authors: Michael Dimitra Ermioni , Fibiger Linda , Moutafi Ioanna , Šlaus Mario , Katsimicha Maria , Novak Mario , Molloy Barry 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe present study aims to explore connectivity and networking in Late Bronze Age (LBA)/Early Iron Age (EIA) Greece and the Balkans using morphological biodistance analysis and test the potentiality of newly introduced statistical tests, which were designed for challenging datasets, in this particular cultural area. Cranial non-metric traits were recorded in ten skeletal collections, spanning from East Crete to Romania. We followed an experimental statistical approach encompassing two different measures of divergence, the conventional and well-tested mean measure of divergence (MMD) and the newly introduced untransformed measure of divergence (UMD). Though different, results based on these two measures are mutually supporting and show that biodistances in our regional case studies mainly follow the isolation by distance model. This cautiously confirms our main hypothesis that during the LBA and EIA periods in Greece and the Balkans, personal mobility was a slow process characterized by integration, rather than displacement or transformation. The current study is the first one to infer biological affinities using cranial non-metric analysis combined with artifactual evidence, in LBA/EIA Greece and the Balkans. Building a larger dataset through future non-metric analyses will better enable exploring networking and mobility to further complement ongoing bioarchaeological, genetic, and material culture studies.
New approach of evaluating fracturing interference based on wellhead pressure monitoring data: a case study from the well group-A of Fuling shale gas field
Authors: Li Liu , YaWan Tang , Aiwei Zheng , Qian Zhang , Yimin Wang , Jin Cai 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWell pattern infilling has become an effective means for improving the development effect of gas reservoirs in unconventional gas reservoirs. The hydraulic fracturing of infill wells causes widespread fracturing interference between new and old wells. Because fracturing interference has a significant influence on the production of old wells, it is urgent to evaluate the degree of fracturing interference. This paper proposes a new approach to evaluating fracturing interference between new and old wells, which is based on a systematic analysis of the variation pattern of old well wellhead fracturing during the fracturing process of new wells. This new approach not only provides a semi-quantitative evaluation for the degree of fracturing interference between fracture sections of new and old wells but also achieves inter-well connectivity evaluation between new and old wells. This new approach is applied in well group A of the Fuling gas field to demonstrate its analysis process. The results show the different types of fracturing interference result in different levels of pressure response between each fracturing section and the old wells. For example, The pressure rise of old well A7-1 is more obvious in the fracturing process of the 2nd, 14th, and 13th sections of new well A68-5, and the old well A7-2 has significant fracturing interference with the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 6th sections. This achieves a semi-quantitative characterization of fracturing interference between new and old wells. The degree of fracturing interference between the old well A7-2 and the new well A68-5 is the strongest in well group A, which is the effect of compression fracture interference. The old wells A7-3 and A15-3 are the least impacted by fracturing interference, and follow the old wells A15-2 and A7-1. This result has implications for assessing the degree of fracturing interference and inter-well connectivity in unconventional gas reservoirs.
Investigation of intrinsic characteristics of polymer blends via molecular simulation: a review
Authors: Jeong Sohdam 
Published: October 2023

AbstractComputer simulation and modeling have proven to be powerful tools in the fields of engineering and polymer science. These computational methods not only enable us to verify experimentally observed behaviors, but also provide answers to unsolved phenomena. This review addresses the current status and trends of computational and theoretical studies in polymer blends. We briefly discuss the fundamental aspects of polymer blends, including experimental observations, theories, and a variety of molecular simulations and models for mixtures of two or more polymeric materials. In particular, this study deals with the description of coarse-grained techniques that can offer perspectives into the collective behavior and properties of complicated systems. Additionally, a detailed analysis of their structural, rheological, and mechanical properties via computation is also examined. Lastly, we summarize important findings and highlight points to be carefully considered in modeling polymer blends system accompanied by an outlook on the extension of current studies to complicated systems of many blending types.
High-order spectral collocation method using tempered fractional Sturm–Liouville eigenproblems
Authors: Dahy Sayed A. , El-Hawary H. M. , Fahim Alaa , Aboelenen Tarek 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis paper presents an accurate exponential tempered fractional spectral collocation method (TFSCM) to solve one-dimensional and time-dependent tempered fractional partial differential equations (TFPDEs). We use a family of tempered fractional Sturm–Liouville eigenproblems (TFSLP) as a basis and the fractional Lagrange interpolants (FLIs) that generally satisfy the Kronecker delta (KD) function at the employed collocation points. Firstly, we drive the corresponding tempered fractional differentiation matrices (TFDMs). Then, we treat with various linear and nonlinear TFPDEs, among them, the space-tempered fractional advection and diffusion problem, the time-space tempered fractional advection–diffusion problem (TFADP), the multi-term time-space tempered fractional problems, and the time-space tempered fractional Burgers’ equation (TFBE) to investigate the numerical capability of the fractional collocation method. The study includes a numerical examination of the produced condition number $$\kappa (A)$$

κ
(
A
)

of the linear systems. The accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method are studied from the standpoint of the $$L^\infty $$

L
∞

-norm error and exponential rate of spectral convergence.
Update of the molar incisor hypomineralization: Würzburg concept
Authors: Bekes K. , Steffen R. , Krämer N. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is playing an increasingly important role in dental practice. MIH is defined as hypomineralization of systemic origin of one to four permanent first molars, often associated with affected incisors. Affected teeth are more susceptible to caries and post-eruptive enamel loss and should be diagnosed and treated as early as possible. In 2016, the Würzburg concept was developed for German-speaking countries including a classification index—the MIH Treatment Need Index (MIH-TNI)—and a treatment plan based on it for the use in daily practice. In the meantime, the concept has also gained international recognition. The aim of this paper is to update part 2 of the Würzburg concept, the treatment plan, as knowledge about MIH has increased and the disease has been studied more extensively in the last years. Other treatment approaches are now available and therefore need to be included in the concept. Although, the evidence of the different treatment options is still weak, practitioners need guidance in their daily practice.

Methods
The authors reviewed the available literature, including clinical and laboratory studies and published guidelines.

Results
The updated version of the Würzburg concept includes additional non-invasive strategies and temporary therapy options, as well as treatment approaches for incisors. It therefore covers currently available treatment modalities for MIH-affected teeth, ranging from prophylaxis, non-invasive treatment to restorative approaches and possibly even extraction.

Conclusions
This is intended to help guide the practitioner and will need to be further validated by clinical trials.
Association Between Changes in Racial Residential Segregation and Trends in Racial Disparities in Early Mortality in 220 Metropolitan Areas, 2001–2018
Authors: Siegel Michael , Rieders Madeline , Rieders Hannah , Dergham Leighla , Iyer Rohan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Racial residential segregation has been shown to affect the absolute levels of racial disparities in a wide variety of health outcomes in the USA but it is not known whether changes in segregation also influence these racial health disparities. This study examines the relationship between changes in racial residential segregation over four decades (1980–2020) and trends in racial disparities in early mortality (under age 65) rates among non-Hispanic Black and non-Hispanic White persons across a wide range of health outcomes in 220 metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) during the period 2001–2018.

Methods
Using the CDC WONDER Underlying Cause of Death database, we derived annual estimates of race-specific death rates and rate ratios for each MSA. We used latent trajectory analysis to examine the relationship between the level of segregation and changes in segregation over time in an MSA and trends in death rate disparities in that MSA.

Results
The trajectory analysis resulted in a linear, three group model in which trajectory Groups 1 and 2 had decreasing trends in the ratios of Black to White death rates over time while in Group 3, the disparity remained almost constant over time. Increases in the level of segregation in an MSA from 1980 to 2000 were significantly associated with the likelihood that the MSA was in Group 3 and experienced no improvement in racial health disparities in mortality over time.

Conclusion
This paper provides new evidence that changes in segregation are related to trends in racial health disparities in mortality rates over time.
Assisted PD throughout Europe: advantages, inequities, and solution proposals
Authors: Malho Guedes Anabela , Punzalan Sally , Brown Edwina A. , Ekstrand Agneta , Gallieni Maurizio , Rivera Gorrín Maite , Gudmundsdottir Helga , Heidempergher Marco , Kitsche Benno , Lobbedez Thierry , Hahn Lundström Ulrika , McCarthy Kate , Mellotte George J. , Moranne Olivier , Petras Dimitrios , Povlsen Johan V. , Wiesholzer Martin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Peritoneal dialysis provides several benefits for patients and should be offered as first line kidney replacement therapy, particularly for fragile patients. Limitation to self-care drove assisted peritoneal dialysis to evolve from family-based care to institutional programs, with specialized care givers. Some European countries have mastered this, while others are still bound by the availability of a volunteer to become responsible for treatment.

Methods
A group of leading nephrologists from 13 European countries integrated real-life application of such therapy, highlighting barriers, lessons learned and practical solutions. The objective of this work is to share and summarize several different approaches, with their intrinsic difficulties and solutions, which might helpperitoneal dialysis units to develop and offer assisted peritoneal dialysis.

Results
Assisted peritoneal dialysis does not mean 4 continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis exchanges, 7 days/week, nor does it exclude cycler. Many different prescriptions might work for our patients. Tailoring PD prescription to residual kidney function, thereby maintaining small solute clearance, reduces dialysis burden and is associated with higher technique survival. Assisted peritoneal dialysis does not mean assistance will be needed permanently, it can be a transitional stage towards individual or caregiver autonomy. Private care agencies can be used to provide assistance; other options may involve implementing PD training programs for the staff of nursing homes or convalescence units. Social partners may be interested in participating in smaller initiatives or for limited time periods.

Conclusion
Assisted peritoneal dialysis is a valid technique, which should be expanded. In countries without structural models of assisted peritoneal dialysis, active involvement by the nephrologist is needed in order for it to become a reality.

Graphical abstract
A Fuzzy Multidimensional Risk Assessment Method for Sewer Asset Management
Authors: Roghani Bardia , Tabesh Massoud , Cherqui Frédéric 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a flexible framework that aims at estimating the risk of structural failure in sewer pipes by utilizing limited or imperfect data. To this end, classical risk analysis is enhanced by incorporating fuzzy logic and multi-criteria decision making. To account for the multi-dimensionality of collapse risk at the pipe level as a decision parameter, its distinct impacts on the environment, traffic and road condition, and quality of life are taken into account. The proposed method is applied to the sewer network of Tehran, the capital of Iran. Results show how the integration of different risk indexes can influence the criticality of pipelines for the selection of rehabilitation activities. While using the first individual risk index, only considering the risk posed to the natural environment by a collapsing pipe in terms of contamination, approximately half of the pipe lengths are classified as extremely critical by the clustering algorithm. However, when the integrated risk is calculated, this cluster encompasses only approximately 30% of the total pipe length. With a database that contains various levels of uncertainty (from 10 to 60%), the predictive reproducibility for the exact same risk cluster is above 20% and above 50% for the same or only marginally better or worse. Furthermore, pipelines that are predicted to have a better risk class than the situation without considering uncertainty, thereby underestimating the likelihood of failures or consequences, are below 15%, showing a measure of quite good robustness. Considering the budget constraints of utilities, the proposed method can be applied to any urban, aiding in the identification of high-risk sections. Nevertheless, incorporating physical validation might be beneficial for further improving the analysis.
Mechanical properties of graphene-based gyroidal sheet/shell architected lattices
Authors: Taher Somayya E. , Ashraf Juveiriah M. , Liao Kin , Abu Al-Rub Rashid K. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCreating 3D cellular structures out of 2D nanomaterials such as graphene is an active area of research since most realistic applications require multi-functional 3D objects. Graphene aerogels that are taking the topology of stochastic foam microstructures have been extensively studied. Additive manufacturing has shifted the focus from stochastic aerogels to architected 3D graphene lattices (3DGL). In this paper and for the first time, we synthesized, characterized, and mechanically tested 3DGLs with microstructures taking the topology of shell-based gyroid structure and compared their properties to tubular 3DGL. 3DGLs were fabricated using a hydrothermal-assisted dip-coating method based on 3D-printed polymer templates. Effects of number of unit cell, graphene oxide (GO) concentration, and polymer template volume fraction have been investigated. It was found that smaller polymer template volume fraction, smaller unit cell, and larger GO concentration lead to increased mechanical properties. It was found that the mechanical properties of the synthesized gyroid shell-based 3DGLs outperformed tubular and 3DGLs and stochastic graphene aerogels. Furthermore, both gyroidal shell and tubular 3DGLs exhibit stretching-dominated behavior making them ideal for synthesizing stiffer and stronger graphene lattices. This study serves as a guideline for designing multi-functional shell-based lattices made of 2D materials with enhanced mechanical properties for various applications.