bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Nutrition Education and Iron-folic acid supplementation on anemia among Pregnant Women: A quasi-experimental study
Authors: Anato Anchamo , Reshid Mensur 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of nutrition education and counseling using health belief health model constructs along with iron-folic acid supplementation on hemoglobin level and adherence to IFAs during pregnancy
Methods
The study was a three months quasi-experimental study design in Butajira town, Ethiopia. Community-based nutrition education and counseling sessions using Health belief model, and IFAS for six weeks were given to the pregnant women. Baseline data and hemoglobin levels were measured at the time of enrollment. Maternal adherence to iron-folic acid tablets (IFA) was assessed using pill count based on the number of remaining pills in the retained prescribed bottles or strips. End-line data were collected from 97 intervention and 96 control group of pregnant women after 6 weeks of nutrition education intervention. Analysis of effect of intervention was done using Difference-In-Difference and a Generalized Estimation Equation (GEE) approaches.
Results
At the end of the nutrition education intervention, there was a significant drop in the proportion of anemia in the intervention group compared to the control group. The prevalence of anemia among intervention group declined from 27.8% at the baseline to 7.2% after intervention. The change in the knowledge score regarding IFAS and maternal adherence to IFAS were significantly higher in the intervention group as compared to the control group (p < 0.001). In this study, the odds of adherence to IFA supplementation were 2.26 (95% CI 1.55 to 3.29) times higher among those who received nutrition education intervention as compared to control group.
Conclusion
Implementation of community-based nutrition education and counseling along with IFAS improved the hemoglobin level and adherence to IFAS among pregnant women. Therefore, there is need to integrate community-based nutrition education approach by using HBM constructs with antenatal IFAS distribution to improve supplementation and hemoglobin level.
Additives Depletion by Water Contamination and its Influences on Engine Oil Performance
Authors: Omar A. Al Sheikh , Salehi F. Motamen , Farooq U. , Morina A. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Water enters engine oil in different ways and moves in the lubrication system causing an increase in wear, oil degradation and additive depletion. It has been proposed that water in the lubricants can transfer from dissolved to free phase leading to additive depletion in the oil. Different additives in the lubricants can easily latch to water molecules forming reverse micelles. The separation of reverse micelles from the oil causes additive depletion. This experimental and analytical study aims to investigate how the separation of free water above the saturation level can diminish the efficiency of additives in engine oils. The effect of varied levels of water on oil performance and its additives was investigated in this study. A new saturation method was used to determine the water saturation level in engine oil at different temperatures. The results reveal a decrease in additive concentration with increased separation of free water from the oil. Free water separation from engine oil is expected to reclaim the tribological performance, however the results demonstrate that tribological performance after the separation of free water from the oil has been affected. The results prove that two main mechanisms influence oil performance expressed as additive depletion by free water and remaining dissolved water.
A case of Abiotrophia defectiva endophthalmitis with retinal vasculitis
Authors: Lu Xiaojie , Wang Weiwei 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Endophthalmitis is a severe, vision-threatening intraocular infection that may follow various ophthalmic surgeries, with varying microbial etiologies. Abiotrophia defectiva, a less commonly implicated pathogen, is better recognized for its association with endocarditis rather than intraocular infections.
Case presentation
A 50-year-old man was diagnosed with endophthalmitis after trabeculectomy for open-angle glaucoma. In the outpatient clinic, he had visual acuity of 20/160, conjunctival congestion, mild anterior chamber inflammation, and preretinal bleeding. In the hours that followed, the condition worsened dramatically. He underwent urgent anterior chamber irrigation, vitreous tap, and intravitreal injection. As the symptoms did not improve, a vitrectomy was performed. The results of postoperative culture were positive for Abiotrophia defectiva. After timely and effective treatment, the patient's visual acuity increased to 20/125. At a one-year follow-up, the patient's visual acuity improved to 20/32.
Conclusion
This report delineates a rare case of endophthalmitis caused by Abiotrophia defectiva following trabeculectomy, emphasizing the need for prompt recognition and treatment of atypical pathogens in postoperative ocular infections to enhance visual outcomes.
Advancing Social Care Integration in Health Systems with Community Health Workers: an Implementation Evaluation based in Bronx, New York
Authors: Fiori Kevin P. , Levano Samantha , Haughton Jessica , Whiskey Renee , Telzak Andrew , Muleta Hemen , Vani Kavita , Chambers Earle C. , Racine Andrew 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
In recent years, health systems have expanded the focus on health equity to include health-related social needs (HRSNs) screening. Community health workers (CHWs) are positioned to address HRSNs by serving as linkages between health care provider systems, social services, and the community. This study describes a health system’s 12-month experience integrating CHWs to navigate HRSNs among primary care patients in Bronx County, NY.
Methods
We organized process and outcome measures using the RE-AIM (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance) implementation framework domains to evaluate a CHW intervention of the Community Health Worker Institute (CHWI). We used descriptive and inferential statistics to assess RE-AIM outcomes and socio-demographic characteristics of patients who self-reported at least 1 HRSN and were referred to and contacted by CHWs between October 2022 and September 2023.
Results
There were 4,420 patients who self-reported HRSNs in the standardized screening tool between October 2022 and September 2023. Of these patients, 1,245 were referred to a CHW who completed the first outreach attempt during the study period. An additional 1,559 patients self-reported HRSNs directly to a clinician or CHW without being screened and were referred to and contacted by a CHW. Of the 2,804 total patients referred, 1,939 (69.2%) were successfully contacted and consented to work with a CHW for HRSN navigation. Overall, 78.1% (n = 1,515) of patients reported receiving social services. Adoption of the CHW clinician champion varied by clinical team (median 22.2%; IQR 13.3–39.0%); however, there was no difference in referral rates between those with and without a clinician champion (p = 0.50). Implementation of CHW referrals via an electronic referral order appeared successful (73.2%) and timely (median 11 days; IQR 2–26 days) compared to standard CHWI practices. Median annual cost per household per CHW for the intervention was determined to be $184.02 (IQR $134.72 – $202.12).
Conclusions
We observed a significant proportion of patients reporting successful receipt of social services following engagement with an integrated CHW model. There are additional implementation factors that require further inquiry and research to understand barriers and enabling factors to integrating CHWs within clinical teams.
Comparison of natural abundance and enriched 15-N methods to quantify nitrogen fertilizer recovery in maize under field conditions
Authors: Manandhar Sarita , Bell Michael , Dalal Ram Chandra , Menzies Neal , Martinez Cristina 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Aims
This study aims to compare the ability of natural abundance (NA) and 15N-enrichment (EN) methods to quantify N dynamics in a No-Till legume/non-legume maize crop rotation under field conditions; and deliver precise estimates of fertilizer N recovery across both rotations.
Methods
A field experiment was established on a Vertisol by sowing a legume (Vicia faba) or non-legume (Triticum aestivum) grain crop. The following maize crop was fertilized using either urea or 15N-enriched (5 atom%) urea, at five rates (0, 62.5, 125, 187.5, and 250 kg N ha− 1) in spatially separated subplots in each field plot.
Results
The proportional recovery of fertilizer N in grain (%Ndff) showed that EN method provided higher estimates than that determined by NA method, with differences greatest in the wheat-maize rotation. The NA method was better able to quantify residual benefits of fixed N from faba beans in a following maize crop. Unfortunately, different biomass and grain sampling times necessitated by the size of fertilised plots used for each isotopic method confounded comparisons of N derived from fertilizer in crop biomass and grain yields.
Conclusion
While larger plot sizes able to be used in the cheaper NA method provided better estimates of crop and grain biomass and N content, and enabled quantification of recovery of atmospheric N2-fixed legume N (%Ndfa) in a following maize crop, the EN method was better able to estimate fertilizer N recovery by maize in the field. The reasons for differences in %Ndff between methods and crop histories require further investigation.
Diagnostic Value of the Derived Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio for Acute Appendicitis
Authors: Moreno-Alfonso Julio César , Caballero Ada Molina , Martínez Alberto Pérez , Irazábal María Concepción Yárnoz 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The diagnosis of appendicitis in children can present several challenges, leading to an increased risk of complications. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of the derived neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (dNLR) as a novel adjunctive diagnostic tool for appendicitis.
Methods
This diagnostic study included patients with appendicitis and non-surgical abdominal pain (AP), who were admitted to our hospital between 2020 and 2022. White blood cell (WBC) count, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and dNLR were compared between the two groups of patients.
Results
In total, 202 patients were enrolled, including 101 with acute appendicitis (69% male, age 9.9 years) and 101 with non-surgical AP (56% male, age 9.4 years). WBC, NLR, and dNLR were significantly higher in patients in the appendicitis group than in those in the non-surgical AP group (16.47 vs. 11.18 × 103 cells/mm3, p ≤ 0.0001; 9.5 vs. 3.3 p ≤ 0.0001; and 5.2 vs. 2.3 p ≤ 0.0001, respectively). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, and cutoff point of dNLR for the diagnosis of acute appendicitis were 71%, 74%, 73%, 72%, 0.811, and 3.78, respectively. The positive likelihood ratios for WBC count, NLR, and dNLR were 1.95, 2.05, and 2.77, respectively.
Conclusions
dNLR is a novel and noninvasive biomarker with high accuracy for diagnosing appendicitis. Its inclusion as an additional diagnostic tool in clinical practice may aid in determining the need for further studies in cases with ambiguous presentations and a dNLR value ≥ 3.78.
Assessment of Plant Diversity in Forest, Agroforest and Social Forestrty in the Degraded Madhupur Sal Forest of Bangladesh
Authors: Shafiqe Shoumika Binte , Ashraf S. M. Kamran , Rana Md Tanbheer , Ripta Saleha Khatun , Afroz Mst. Sohela , Urmi S. M. Sanjida Tasnim , Asha Sumaiya Binte Rahman , Rahat Al , Islam Kazi Kamrul 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

The rich plant biodiversity found in tropical regions faces significant threats due to extensive human activities. Factors such as deforestation, habitat deterioration, human settlement, excessive resource exploitation, the introduction of invasive species, pollution, and the interconnected effects of global climate change collectively contribute to a substantial negative impact on biodiversity in these areas. The study aimed to assess plant diversity in Madhupur Sal Forest, Bangladesh, comparing agroforestry, social forestry, and natural Sal Forest sites. Using 90 random 10 × 10 m² plots, 47 species were recorded, including 31 trees, 5 shrubs, 6 herbs, and 5 climbers. Anacardiaceae, Arecaceae, Euphorbiaceae, and Fabaceae were prominent families, each with a species richness of 3. Agroforestry exhibited the highest species richness (14), Shannon-Wiener index (1.37), and Simpson's index (2.41) among plantation sites, surpassing social forestry. Social forestry, however, showed higher tree stand density (1673 trees/ha), tree basal area (28.67 m²/ha), and species evenness (0.67) than agroforestry. The natural Sal Forest site displayed the highest species richness (33), tree basal area (41.21 m²/ha), Shannon-Wiener index (2.15), and species evenness (0.78). Overlapping species occurred between agroforestry and social forestry (5 species), and agroforestry and natural Sal Forest (1 species), resulting in a higher similarity index (19%) for the former. No species overlapped between social forestry and natural Sal Forest. The study concluded that natural Sal Forest exhibited the highest diversity (2.15), while agroforestry proved beneficial for biodiversity compared to bare land.
Prediction-based Reactive-Greedy Routing Protocol for Flying Ad Hoc Networks
Authors: Li Xianfeng , Sun Haoran 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Routing of Flying Ad Hoc Networks (FANETs) is more challenging than traditional Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) due to the high mobility of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). Reactive protocols that adjust routing according to the location and speed of UAVs are widely researched. In this work, a more aggressive routing protocol that is not only reactive, but also predictive, is proposed. It is based on the salient fact that both the trajectory and change of speed are smooth in most cases, and the recent movement history of UAVs provides valuable information for predicting the change of network topology. Driven by this observation, a Link-stability Prediction-based Adaptive Routing (LPAR) protocol is proposed. LPAR predicts link stability over a period of time, and makes routing decisions that are expected to last for a longer duration. In case of link breakage, LPAR can switch to a greedy forwarding mode to reduce dropping packets. Evaluated with NS3 simulation, LPAR achieves better performance than several existing reactive routing protocols in terms of packet delivery ratio (PDR), end-to-end delay, and overhead by 20.58%, 15.72% and 37.22% on average.
Multi-parametric MRI-based machine learning model for prediction of pathological grade of renal injury in a rat kidney cold ischemia-reperfusion injury model
Authors: chen lihua , ren yan , Yuan Yizhong , Xu Jipan , Wen Baole , Xie Shuangshuang , Zhu Jinxia , Li Wenshuo , Gong Xiaoli , Shen Wen 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background Renal cold ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI), a pathological process during kidney transplantation, may result in delayed graft function and negatively impact graft survival and function. There is a lack of an accurate and non-invasive tool for evaluating the degree of CIRI. Multi-parametric MRI has been widely used to detect and evaluate kidney injury. The machine learning algorithms introduced the opportunity to combine biomarkers from different MRI metrics into a single classifier.
Objective To evaluate of the performance of multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging for grading renal injury in a rat model of renal cold ischemia-reperfusion injury using a machine learning approach.
Methods Eighty male SD rats were selected to establish a renal cold ischemia -reperfusion model, and all performed multiparametric MRI scans (DWI, IVIM, DKI, BOLD, T1mapping and ASL), followed by pathological analysis. A total of 25 parameters of renal cortex and medulla were analyzed as features.The pathology scores were divided into 3 groups using K-means clustering method. Lasso regression was applied for the initial selecting of features. The optimal features and the best techniques for pathological grading were obtained. Multiple classifiers were used to construct models to evaluate the predictive value for pathology grading.
Results All rats were categorized into mild, moderate, and severe injury group according the pathologic scores. The 8 features that correlated better with the pathologic classification were medullary and cortical Dp, cortical T2*, cortical Fp, medullary T2*, ∆T1, cortical RBF, medullary T1. The accuracy(0.83, 0.850, 0.81, respectively) and AUC (0.95, 0.93, 0.90, respectively) for pathologic classification of the logistic regression, SVM, and RF are significantly higher than other classifiers. The logistic and combining logistic, RF and SVM model different techniques for pathology grading, the stable and perform are both well. Based on logistic regression, IVIM has the highest AUC (0.93) for pathological grading, followed by BOLD(0.90).
Conclusion The multi-parametric MRI-based machine learning model could be valuable for noninvasive assessment of the degree of renal injury.
Education Gradients in Parental Time Investment and Subjective Well-being
Authors: Kalil Ariel , Mayer Susan , Delgado William , Gennetian Lisa 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

College-educated mothers spend substantially more time in intensive childcare than less educated mothers despite their higher opportunity cost of time and working more hours. Using data from the 2010–2013 and 2021 waves of the Well-being Module of the American Time Use Survey, we investigate this puzzle by testing the hypothesis that college-educated mothers enjoy childcare more. We find that among all mothers, spending time in childcare is associated with higher positive feelings compared to spending time in other activities. However, college-educated mothers experience no more positive feelings and no fewer negative feelings during intensive childcare than other mothers. Moreover, college-educated mothers report substantially fewer positive feelings for time spent in management activities and substantially more negative feelings for time spent in educational activities with their child. Findings are robust to controlling for a rich set of covariates, mother fixed effects, and simulations to account for selection into intensive childcare.
JEL codes: D13, J13, J22
Influence of fibre arrangement on the shear behaviour of continuous carbon fibre composites and consequences on the estimation of their axial compressive strength
Authors: Méchin Pierre-Yves , Borras Anastasia , Keryvin Vincent 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Axial compressive strength is a key design parameter for CFRP structures.One of its limiting factors is the non-linear shear behaviour of the unidirectional ply.We investigate the estimation of this behaviour from those of its constituents by computational homogenisation with an hexagonal unit cell and different random microstructures with smooth and clustered fibre distributions.A random microstructure without clusterings predicts the shear modulus most closely.However, the modelled shear responses converge at higher loadings so that an hexagonal model is sufficient to estimate the non-linear shear behaviour and in turn give accurate estimations of measured compressive strength
Ensuring the Safety of Indian Herbal Drugs: A Comprehensive Assessment of Heavy Metal Contaminations with Emphasis on Lead, Arsenic and Cadmium
Authors: Ibrahim Munir , Detroja Asmita , Bhimani Avani , Bhatt Tirth Chetankumar , Koradiya JayKumar , Sanghvi Gaurav , Bishoyi Ashok Kumar 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
This study addresses the critical concern of heavy metal contamination in medicinal plants, with potential health risks such as renal failure and chronic toxicity. The World Health Organization advocates stringent control of heavy metals, including lead (Pb), arsenic (As), and cadmium (Cd), in herbal medicines to ensure safety, with recommended limits emphasizing their toxicity even at low concentrations (Pb: 10 mg/kg, As: 10 mg/kg, Cd: 0.3 mg/kg).
Methods and Results
Focusing on Shatavari (Asparagus racemosus), Ashoka (Saraca asoca), Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera), and Safed Musli (Chlorophytum borivilianum), this research, utilizing ICP-MS for heavy metals analysis, revealed Pb concentrations within safe limits across all samples, and As was absent in Shatavari and Ashoka samples. Cd concentrations in all drugs were below the 0.080 mg/kg limit of detection, highlighting the method's sensitivity.
Conclusion
The study affirms that heavy metal concentrations in the studied herbal drugs are within acceptable limits, reinforcing their safety. This research provides vital insights, emphasizing the necessity for ongoing monitoring and adherence to international standards in comprehensive pharmacological and toxicological evaluations, ensuring the well-being of consumers.
Menopausal status-dependent alterations in the transcript levels of genes encoding ERα, ERβ, PR and HER2 in breast tumors with different receptor status
Authors: Berkel Caglar 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Breast cancer has distinct causes and prognoses in patients with premenopausal and postmenopausal status. The expression status of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) are analyzed by immunohistochemistry to classify molecular subtypes of breast cancer among which huge differences in prognosis exist. In this study, I analyzed the mRNA expression of ESR1 (encoding ERα), ESR2 (encoding ERβ), PGR (encoding PR) and ERBB2 (encoding HER2) based on menopausal status (pre- vs post-menopausal) in breast cancer patients with different receptor status. I found that, in ER-positive or PR-positive or HER2-negative breast tumors, ESR1 transcript levels are higher in tumors from postmenopausal women than those from premenopausal women; in contrast, ESR2 transcript levels are lower in tumors from postmenopausal women than those from premenopausal women. Furthermore, PGR mRNA expression were lower in breast tumors from postmenopausal women than those from premenopausal women, only in those with ER + or PR + status. I also analyzed the expression of these genes between tumors from pre- and post-menopausal patients with breast cancer based on the combination of status of three receptors. Together, the results suggest that mRNA expression of ESR1, ESR2 and PGR might differ depending on menopausal status in breast tumors with certain receptor status. More importantly, the change in the expression of ESR1 and ESR2 following menopause is in the opposite directions in breast cancer patients, pointing to the need to identify molecular mechanisms regulating the expression of ER isoforms post-menopause in breast cancer patients, considering the clinical importance of these receptors on the prognosis of patients.