bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decline of the Barbary sheep (Ammotragus lervia) in Egypt during the 20th century: literature review and recent observations
Authors: Manlius Nicolas , Menardi‐Noguera Alessandro , Zboray Andras 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAt the beginning of the 19th century, the Barbary sheep Ammotragus lervia was still present throughout the whole of Egypt except for the Sinai region. However, by the beginning of the 20th century it had disappeared from the Nile Delta region and from the Faiyum Oasis. In 1950 it was still present in the extreme south‐east and in a small stretch of land in the Eastern Desert, and in half of the Western Desert. Today it is found only in the extreme south‐east (Gebel Elba) and the extreme south‐west (Gebel Uweinat and/or Gilf El Kebir) of the country. This sharp decrease in the distribution area of Ammotragus lervia is the result of intensive hunting by humans. The Barbary sheep of Gebel Elba now live in a region that has been designated a national park, which offers some protection. The Barbary sheep populations in the Uweinat/Gilf El Kebir area is in rapid decline, and it is now urgent that the Egyptian government enforce effective conservation measures to safeguard the last wild populations of Barbary sheep still present in its territory.
Determinants of clinal variation in life history of dusky salamanders (Desmognathus ocoee): prey abundance and ecological limits on foraging time restrict opportunities for larval growth
Authors: Bernardo Joseph , Agosta Salvatore J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractRecent models argue that thermal environments are the major cause of ectotherm life‐history clines. However, elevational clines in body size in the mountain dusky salamanderDesmognathus ocoee(family Plethodontidae) shift from positive at hatching, to negative at metamorphosis to positive again as adults, and so are not consistent with this explanation. The clinal shift from hatching to metamorphosis was investigated by examining the clinal and seasonal feeding patterns of larval salamanders at high and low elevation sites in rockface and woodland habitats. Repeated cohort sampling was also used to examine clinal and seasonal patterns in body size and to estimate average growth rates. Larval growth in both rockface and woodland habitats was tightly correlated with feeding activity. Although temperature was found to vary between high and low elevation sites, the greatest growth occurred in a cold woodland habitat with a high elevation, and the lowest growth occurred in an adjacent rockface habitat. Because this difference in growth cannot be attributed to thermal differences, we conclude that local food resource levels are the predominant source of local differences in growth. These findings, clinal patterns of variation in other predatory salamanders, and experimental analyses in which both food and temperature are orthogonally manipulated, indicate that general models that single out temperature as the principle cause of ectotherm life‐history clines should be viewed with caution.
Osteological correlates of tail prehensility in carnivorans
Authors: Youlatos Dionisios 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAmong mammalian morphological specializations to arboreality, prehensile tails are the least studied. In carnivorans, two phylogenetically and ecologically distant representatives possess truly prehensile tails: the kinkajouPotos flavus, a neotropical procyonid and the binturongArctictis binturong, a viverrid from south‐east Asia. This paper examines osteological characters associated with tail prehensility by comparing carnivorans with and without prehensile tails. The prehensile‐tailed taxa are characterized by: (a) a relatively longer proximal caudal region in length and number of vertebrae; (b) more robust distal caudal vertebrae, which possess expanded transverse processes. Comparable features have been also reported for prehensile‐tailed primates, indicating evolutionary convergence. These features can be functionally associated with enhanced flexion–extension of the proximal part of the tail and increased strength and flexing capacity at the distal end of the tail. These tail movements are briefly described in free‐ranging prehensile‐tailed carnivorans.
Thirteen years in the cockpit
Authors: OCKENDON JOHN 
Published: March 2003

It is a great pleasure for me to be asked to write this valedictory message to mark the end of
my founding editorship of the European Journal of Applied Mathematics. I am tempted
to follow in the discursive footsteps of one of the great founding editors, G. K. Batchelor,
of the Journal of Fluid Mechanics fame. However, in accordance with our abiding efforts
to keep EJAM crisp and concise, I will simply give you an ‘executive summary’
of my thoughts on what makes an applied mathematics journal successful:There must be an integration of different styles. Applied mathematics means different
things to different people around the world, and it is all too easy for one part of the culture
to ignore another on the grounds of being too theoretical, too numerical or too practical.
Editors must try to break down these barriers, none more than the board of EJAM,
where we have always tried to give equal weight to theory and application. But even
(or especially?) within Europe, this balance sometimes appears as hard to achieve as agreement
about the euro.All submissions must be read carefully by at least one editor, in addition to the
referees. This is the surest way of minimizing the chances of mistaken rejection (or acceptance)
and it is often vital when issues of ‘style’ arise. The reading can be painful for
all concerned and I will long remember the following splendid riposte from an anguished author
“I see you have eaten the referee's poisoned worm: bon appetit!”.Along with the personal touch, there must be just the right degree of continuity
with which authors can readily identify. Any editorial board striving to promote a particular
intellectual policy will invariably have a degree of commonality of interests, and hence a
continuity of theme. But this brings the danger of tunnel vision. To balance this, there is
a need for a regular and imaginative turnover of board members, and this is an activity with
which Cambridge University Press has been most helpful over the years.Last, but by no means least, is the mandatory requirement that there be an understanding
and unfailingly cheerful editorial assistant. This is another respect in which
CUP's enlightened attitude has benefited several of their journals, and our authors
and editors alike have strong reasons to be thankful to Angela Howard. We are delighted
that she will stay on for a few years at least.
European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC): study populations and data collection
Authors: Riboli E , Hunt KJ , Slimani N , Ferrari P , Norat T , Fahey M , Charrondière UR , Hémon B , Casagrande C , Vignat J , Overvad K , Tjønneland A , Clavel-Chapelon F , Thiébaut A , Wahrendorf J , Boeing H , Trichopoulos D , Trichopoulou A , Vineis P , Palli D , Bueno-de-Mesquita HB , Peeters PHM , Lund E , Engeset D , González CA , Barricarte A , Berglund G , Hallmans G , Day NE , Key TJ , Kaaks R , Saracci R 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) is an ongoing multi-centre prospective cohort study designed to investigate the relationship between nutrition and cancer, with the potential for studying other diseases as well. The study currently includes 519 978 participants (366 521 women and 153 457 men, mostly aged 35–70 years) in 23 centres located in 10 European countries, to be followed for cancer incidence and cause-specific mortality for several decades. At enrolment, which took place between 1992 and 2000 at each of the different centres, information was collected through a non-dietary questionnaire on lifestyle variables and through a dietary questionnaire addressing usual diet. Anthropometric measurements were performed and blood samples taken, from which plasma, serum, red cells and buffy coat fractions were separated and aliquoted for long-term storage, mostly in liquid nitrogen. To calibrate dietary measurements, a standardised, computer-assisted 24-hour dietary recall was implemented at each centre on stratified random samples of the participants, for a total of 36 900 subjects. EPIC represents the largest single resource available today world-wide for prospective investigations on the aetiology of cancers (and other diseases) that can integrate questionnaire data on lifestyle and diet, biomarkers of diet and of endogenous metabolism (e.g. hormones and growth factors) and genetic polymorphisms. First results of case–control studies nested within the cohort are expected early in 2003. The present paper provides a description of the EPIC study, with the aim of simplifying reference to it in future papers reporting substantive or methodological studies carried out in the EPIC cohort.
European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) calibration study: rationale, design and population characteristics
Authors: Slimani N , Kaaks R , Ferrari P , Casagrande C , Clavel-Chapelon F , Lotze G , Kroke A , Trichopoulos D , Trichopoulou A , Lauria C , Bellegotti M , Ocké MC , Peeters PHM , Engeset D , Lund E , Agudo A , Larrañaga N , Mattisson I , Andren C , Johansson I , Davey G , Welch AA , Overvad K , Tjønneland A , van Staveren WA , Saracci R , Riboli E 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC), which covers a large cohort of half a million men and women from 23 European centres in 10 Western European countries, was designed to study the relationship between diet and the risk of chronic diseases, particularly cancer. Information on usual individual dietary intake was assessed using different validated dietary assessment methods across participating countries. In order to adjust for possible systematic over- or underestimation in dietary intake measurements and correct for attenuation bias in relative risk estimates, a calibration approach was developed. This approach involved an additional dietary assessment common across study populations to re-express individual dietary intakes according to the same reference scale. A single 24-hour diet recall was therefore collected, as the EPIC reference calibration method, from a stratified random sample of 36 900 subjects from the entire EPIC cohort, using a software program (EPIC-SOFT) specifically designed to standardise the dietary measurements across study populations. This paper describes the design and populations of the calibration sub-studies set up in the EPIC centres. In addition, to assess whether the calibration sub-samples were representative of the entire group of EPIC cohorts, a series of subjects’ characteristics known possibly to influence dietary intakes was compared in both population groups. This was the first time that calibration sub-studies had been set up in a large multi-centre European study. These studies showed that, despite certain inherent methodological and logistic constraints, a study design such as this one works relatively well in practice. The average response in the calibration study was 78.3% and ranged from 46.5% to 92.5%. The calibration population differed slightly from the overall cohort but the differences were small for most characteristics and centres. The overall results suggest that, after adjustment for age, dietary intakes estimated from calibration samples can reasonably be interpreted as representative of the main cohorts in most of the EPIC centres.
Overweight, obesity and fat distribution in 50- to 64-year-old participants in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)
Authors: Haftenberger M , Lahmann PH , Panico S , Gonzalez CA , Seidell JC , Boeing H , Giurdanella MC , Krogh V , Bueno-de-Mesquita HB , Peeters PHM , Skeie G , Hjartåker A , Rodriguez M , Quirós JR , Berglund G , Janlert U , Khaw KT , Spencer EA , Overvad K , Tjønneland A , Clavel-Chapelon F , Tehard B , Miller AB , Klipstein-Grobusch K , Benetou V , Kiriazi G , Riboli E , Slimani N 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjective:To describe anthropometric characteristics of participants of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC).Design:A cross-sectional analysis of baseline data of a European prospective cohort study.Subjects:This analysis includes study populations from 25 centres in nine European countries. The British populations comprised both a population-based and a ‘health-conscious’ group. The analysis was restricted to 83 178 men and 163 851 women aged 50–64 years, this group being represented in all centres.Methods:Anthropometric examinations were undertaken by trained observers using standardised methods and included measurements of weight, height, and waist and hip circumferences. In the ‘health-conscious’ group (UK), anthropometric measures were predicted from self-reports.Results:Except in the ‘health-conscious’ group (UK) and in the French centres, mean body mass index (BMI) exceeded 25.0 kg m-2. The prevalence of obesity (BMI≥30 kg m-2) varied from 8% to 40% in men, and from 5% to 53% in women, with high prevalences (>25%) in the centres from Spain, Greece, Ragusa and Naples (Italy) and the lowest prevalences (<10%) in the French centres and the ‘health-conscious’ group (UK). The prevalence of a large waist circumference or a high waist-to-hip ratio was high in centres from Spain, Greece, Ragusa and Naples (Italy) and among women from centres in Germany and Bilthoven (The Netherlands).Conclusions:Anthropometric measures varied considerably within the EPIC population. These data provide a strong base for further investigation of anthropometric measures in relation to the risk of chronic diseases, especially cancer.
Physical activity of subjects aged 50–64 years involved in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)
Authors: Haftenberger M , Schuit AJ , Tormo MJ , Boeing H , Wareham N , Bueno-de-Mesquita HB , Kumle M , Hjartåker A , Chirlaque MD , Ardanaz E , Andren C , Lindahl B , Peeters PHM , Allen NE , Overvad K , Tjønneland A , Clavel-Chapelon F , Linseisen J , Bergmann MM , Trichopoulou A , Lagiou P , Salvini S , Panico S , Riboli E , Ferrari P , Slimani N 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjective:To describe physical activity of participants in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC).Design:A cross-sectional analysis of baseline data of a European prospective cohort study.Subjects:This analysis was restricted to participants in the age group 50–64 years, which was represented in all EPIC centres. It involved 236 386 participants from 25 centres in nine countries. In each EPIC centre, physical activity was assessed by standardised and validated questions. Frequency distribution of type of professional activity and participation in non-professional activities, and age-adjusted means, medians and percentiles of time dedicated to non-professional activities are presented for men and women from each centre.Results:Professional activity was most frequently classified as sedentary or standing in all centres. There was a wide variation regarding participation in different types of non-professional activities and time dedicated to these activities across EPIC centres. Over 80% of all EPIC participants engaged in walking, while less than 50% of the subjects participated in sport. Total time dedicated to recreational activities was highest among the Dutch participants and lowest among men from Malmö (Sweden) and women from Naples (Italy). In all centres, total time dedicated to recreational activity in the summer was higher than in the winter. Women from southern Europe spent the most time on housekeeping.Conclusions:There is a considerable variation of physical activity across EPIC centres. This variation was especially evident for recreational activities in both men and women.
Consumption of vegetables, fruit and other plant foods in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohorts from 10 European countries
Authors: Agudo A , Slimani N , Ocké MC , Naska A , Miller AB , Kroke A , Bamia C , Karalis D , Vineis P , Palli D , Bueno-de-Mesquita HB , Peeters PHM , Engeset D , Hjartåker A , Navarro C , Garcia C Martínez , Wallström P , Zhang JX , Welch AA , Spencer E , Stripp C , Overvad K , Clavel-Chapelon F , Casagrande C , Riboli E 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjective:To describe and compare the consumption of the main groups and sub-groups of vegetables and fruits (V&F) in men and women from the centres participating in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC).Design:Cross-sectional analysis. Dietary intake was assessed by means of a 24-hour dietary recall using computerised interview software and standardised procedures. Crude and adjusted means were computed for the main groups and sub-groups of V&F by centre, separately for men and women. Adjusted means by season, day of the week and age were estimated using weights and covariance analysis.Setting:Twenty-seven centres in 10 European countries participating in the EPIC project.Subjects:In total, 35 955 subjects (13 031 men and 22 924 women), aged 35–74 years, randomly selected from each EPIC cohort.Results:The centres from southern countries had the highest consumption of V&F, while the lowest intake was seen in The Netherlands and Scandinavia for both genders. These differences were more evident for fruits, particularly citrus. However, slightly different patterns arose for some sub-groups of vegetables, such as root vegetables and cabbage. Adjustment for body mass index, physical activity, smoking habits and education did not substantially modify the mean intakes of vegetables and fruits.Conclusions:Total vegetable and fruit intake follows a south–north gradient in both genders, whereas for several sub-groups of vegetables a different geographic distribution exists. Differences in mean intake of V&F by centre were not explained by lifestyle factors associated with V&F intake.
Food sources of carbohydrates in a European cohort of adults
Authors: Wirfält E , McTaggart A , Pala V , Gullberg B , Frasca G , Panico S , Bueno-de-Mesquita HB , Peeters PHM , Engeset D , Skeie G , Chirlaque MD , Amiano P , Lundin E , Mulligan A , Spencer EA , Overvad K , Tjønneland A , Clavel-Chapelon F , Linseisen J , Nöthlings U , Polychronopoulos E , Georga K , Charrondière UR , Slimani N 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjective:To describe the average consumption of carbohydrate-providing food groups among study centres of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC).Methods:Of the 27 redefined EPIC study centres, 19 contributed subjects of both genders and eight centres female participants only (men,n=13 031; women,n=22924, after exclusion of subjects under 35 and over 74 years of age from the original 36 900 total). Dietary data were obtained using the 24-hour recall methodology using the EPIC-SOFT software. The major sources of dietary carbohydrate were identified, and 16 food groups were examined.Results:The 10 food groups contributing most carbohydrate were bread; fruit; milk and milk products; sweet buns, cakes and pies; potato; sugar and jam; pasta and rice; vegetables and legumes; crispbread; and fruit and vegetable juices. Consumption of fruits as well as vegetables and legumes was higher in southern compared with northern centres, while soft drinks consumption was higher in the north. Italian centres had high pasta and rice consumption, but breakfast cereal, potato, and sweet buns, cakes and pies were higher in northern centres. In Sweden, lower bread consumption was balanced with a higher consumption of crispbread, and with sweet buns, cakes and pies. Overall, men consumed higher amounts of vegetables and legumes, bread, soft drinks, potatoes, pasta and rice, breakfast cereal and sugar and jam than women, but fruit consumption appeared more frequent in women.Conclusion:The study supports the established idea that carbohydrate-rich foods chosen in northern Europe are different from those in the Mediterranean region. When comparing and interpreting diet–disease relationships across populations, researchers need to consider all types of foods.
Soy product consumption in 10 European countries: the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study
Authors: Keinan-Boker L , Peeters PHM , Mulligan AA , Navarro C , Slimani N ,   EPIC Study Group on Soy Consumption:, Mattisson I , Lundin E , McTaggart A , Allen NE , Overvad K , Tjønneland A , Clavel-Chapelon F , Linseisen J , Haftenberger M , Lagiou P , Kalapothaki V , Evangelista A , Frasca G , Bueno-de-Mesquita HB , van der Schouw YT , Engeset D , Skeie G , Tormo MJ , Ardanaz E , Charrondière UR , Riboli E 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjective:The aim of this study was to describe the variation of soy product intake in 10 European countries by using a standardised reference dietary method. A subsidiary aim was to characterise the pattern of soy consumption among a sub-group of participants with a habitual health-conscious lifestyle (HHL), i.e. non-meat eaters who are fish eaters, vegetarians and vegans.Design:A 24-hour dietary recall interview (24-HDR) was conducted among a sample (5–12%) of all cohorts (n = 36 900) in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). Study participants totalled 35 955 after exclusion of subjects younger than 35 or older than 74 years of age. Soy products were subdivided into seven sub-groups by similarity. Distribution of consumption and crude and adjusted means of intake were computed per soy product group across countries. Intake of soy products was also investigated among participants with an HHL.Results:In total, 195 men and 486 women reported consuming soy products in the 24-HDR interview. Although soy product intake was generally low across all countries, the highest intake level was observed in the UK, due to over-sampling of a large number of participants with an HHL. The most frequently consumed soy foods were dairy substitutes in the UK and France and beans and sprouts among mid-European countries. For both genders, the sub-group of soy dairy substitutes was consumed in the highest quantities (1.2 g day−1 for men; 1.9 g day−1 for women). Participants with an HHL differed substantially from others with regard to demographic, anthropometric and nutritional factors. They consumed higher quantities of almost all soy product groups.Conclusions:Consumption of soy products is low in centres in Western Europe. Soy dairy substitutes are most frequently consumed. Participants with an HHL form a distinct sub-group with higher consumptions of fruit, vegetables, legumes, cereals and soy products compared with the other participants.