bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Designing artificial ion channels with strict K+/Na+ selectivity toward next-generation electric-eel-mimetic ionic power generation
Authors: Li Jipeng , Du Linhan , Kong Xian , Wu Jianzhong , Lu Diannan , Jiang Lei , Guo Wei 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
A biological potassium channel is &gt;1000 times more permeable to K+ than to Na+ and exhibits a giant permeation rate of ∼108 ions/s. It is a great challenge to construct artificial potassium channels with such high selectivity and ion conduction rate. Herein, we unveil a long-overlooked structural feature that underpins the ultra-high K+/Na+ selectivity. By carrying out massive molecular dynamics simulation for ion transport through carbonyl-oxygen-modified bi-layer graphene nanopores, we find that the twisted carbonyl rings enable strict potassium selectivity with a dynamic K+/Na+ selectivity ratio of 1295 and a K+ conduction rate of 3.5 × 107 ions/s, approaching those of the biological counterparts. Intriguingly, atomic trajectories of K+ permeation events suggest a dual-ion transport mode, i.e. two like-charged potassium ions are successively captured by the nanopores in the graphene bi-layer and are interconnected by sharing one or two interlayer water molecules. The dual-ion behavior allows rapid release of the exiting potassium ion via a soft knock-on mechanism, which has previously been found only in biological ion channels. As a proof-of-concept utilization of this discovery, we propose a novel way for ionic power generation by mixing KCl and NaCl solutions through the bi-layer graphene nanopores, termed potassium-permselectivity enabled osmotic power generation (PoPee-OPG). Theoretically, the biomimetic device achieves a very high power density of &gt;1000 W/m2 with graphene sheets of &lt;1% porosity. This study provides a blueprint for artificial potassium channels and thus paves the way toward next-generation electric-eel-mimetic ionic power generation.
The Race Politics Associated With Wearing a Mask in Public to Combat COVID-19
Authors: Sanchez Gabriel R , Vargas Edward D , Dominguez Melanie Sayuri 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We explore the racial and ethnic politics associated with mask wearing early in the COVID-19 pandemic. Using panel and cross-sectional data from the National Panel Study of COVID-19 (n = 1,996) fielded in March and April 2020, we asked Americans about their self-reported race/ethnicity, their political party affiliation, and if they have worn a mask or scarf in public to stop the spread of the coronavirus. We also asked respondents who reported wearing a mask in public if they worry they might be mistaken for a criminal. Our logistic regression models found that racial and ethnic minorities are more likely to wear a mask or scarf over their faces to prevent the spread of COVID-19 despite being more likely to worry about being criminalized by police or security while wearing a mask. We argue that proximal contact with the virus, because racial and ethnic minorities are more likely to be affected by COVID-19, leads to increased willingness by people in these groups to protect themselves and others. Democrats were also more likely to wear masks compared with Republican respondents. and those living in Republican-led states were less likely to wear a mask in public and more likely to be criminalized for wearing a mask.
Was mask use during the early COVID-19 pandemic political? In our paper, we use panel and cross-sectional data from the National Panel Study of COVID-19 fielded in March and April 2020 when we asked Americans whether they had worn masks. We also asked those who wore a mask if they felt criminalized while wearing a mask. Our findings show that there are stark differences in mask use between demographic groups and worrying about being criminalized while wearing one.
Circadian misalignment impacts the association of visceral adiposity with metabolic syndrome in adolescents
Authors: Morales-Ghinaglia Natasha , He Fan , Calhoun Susan L , Vgontzas Alexandros N , Liao Jason , Liao Duanping , Bixler Edward O , Fernandez-Mendoza Julio 
Published: October 2023

AbstractStudy ObjectivesAlthough insufficient sleep is a risk factor for metabolic syndrome (MetS), the circadian timing of sleep (CTS) is also involved in cardiac and metabolic regulation. We examined whether delays and deviations in the sleep midpoint (SM), a measure of CTS, modify the association between visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and MetS in adolescents.MethodsWe evaluated 277 adolescents (median 16 years) who had at least 5 nights of at-home actigraphy (ACT), in-lab polysomnography (PSG), dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan, and MetS score data. Sleep midpoint (SM), sleep irregularity (SI), and social jetlag (SJL) were examined as effect modifiers of the association between VAT and MetS, including waist circumference, blood pressure, insulin resistance, triglycerides, and cholesterol. Linear regression models adjusted for demographics, ACT-sleep duration, ACT-sleep variability, and PSG-apnea–hypopnea index.ResultsThe association between VAT and MetS was significantly stronger (p-values for interactions &lt; 0.001) among adolescents with a schooldays SM later than 4:00 (2.66 [0.30] points increase in MetS score), a SI higher than 1 hour (2.49 [0.30]) or a SJL greater than 1.5 hours (2.15 [0.36]), than in those with an earlier SM (&lt;3:00; 1.76 [0.28]), lower SI (&lt;30 minutes; 0.98 [0.70]), or optimal SJL (&lt;30 minutes; 1.08 [0.45]).ConclusionsA delayed sleep phase, an irregular sleep–wake cycle, and greater social jetlag on schooldays identified adolescents in whom VAT had a stronger association with MetS. Circadian misalignment is a risk factor that enhances the impact of visceral obesity on cardiometabolic morbidity and should be a target of preventative strategies in adolescents.
Guernsey Royal Court finds a dishonest breach of trust: acting ‘en bon père de famille’
Authors: Lyne Sandie , Parr Gareth , Randall Victoria 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In handing down its judgment in the matter of Nina Naustdal v TKC Corporate Services NV and two others on 23 December 2022, the Royal Court of Guernsey found that the First Defendant, a professional trustee, had acted in dishonest breach of trust. At the heart of the judgment was that the principal asset of the Trust had been transferred out of trust to benefit a stranger to the trust, constituting a fraud on a power. Amongst the various other relief that it granted, the Court declared that the purported transfer of trust property by the trustee was void. Furthermore, it ordered that the trustee be deprived of its indemnity for any legal fees and disbursements in connection with the proceedings and to repay any sums that had been taken from the trust.
Colorectal cancer hepatic metastases resection margins outcomes: a single-centre retrospective cohort study
Authors: Marion Samuel , Facchino Sabrina , Cheng-Oviedo Sonia , Collin Yves 
Published: October 2023

Background:
Surgical resection is the most efficient treatment for isolated colorectal cancer hepatic metastases. Among the known prognostic factors of this procedure, the impact of the resection margin width is still a controversial matter in the literature.

Methods:
A retrospective cohort study was performed including 170 patients who underwent surgical resection of colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRLMs) between 2006 and 2016 in our hepatobiliary unit. Resection margin width was determined histologically by measuring the distance from the tumour in millimetres or centimetres. Patients’ clinical characteristics were also collected. Patients were then stratified in two tumour margin groups: below 5 mm (group A) and equal to or above 5 mm (group B). Overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were the primary outcomes.

Results:
Kaplan–Meier curves showed significantly better outcomes for cases having resection margins above 5 mm for both DFS with 1508.7 days (range 1151.2–1866.2) in group A, compared to 2463.9 days (range 2021.3–2906.5) in group B (P=0.049), and OS with 1557.8 days (range 1276.3–1839.3) for group A and 2303.8 days (range 1921.2–-2686.4) for group B (P=0.020). This survival benefit was not significant for patients presenting with stage IV CRC at diagnosis or cases where extended (7+ segments) resections were performed.

Conclusion:
Five-millimetre margins provide a significant survival advantage and should be aimed for in the treatment of CRLMs. Further research on the cause for this finding, including tumour biology’s impact on survival, is required.
Induction of Brugada electrocardiogram pattern with aluminum phosphide poisoning: a case report
Authors: Allam Parbej , Shakya Smriti , Yadav Vijay , KC Shradha , Sedai Hari , Poddar Elisha , Shrestha Suraj , KC Niranjan , Mahato Arun Kumar 
Published: October 2023

Introduction and importance:
Aluminum phosphide (ALP) is a commonly used suicidal agent in an agrarian country like Nepal. The unmasking of the Brugada pattern in the electrocardiogram (ECG) associated with ALP poisoning is a rare phenomenon, and studies pertaining to it are scarce in the medical literature.

Case presentation:
An 18-year-old female presented to the emergency department with multiple episodes of vomiting, headache, blurring of vision, and abdominal pain after 4 h of consumption of ALP with suicidal intent. A 12-lead ECG revealed a coved ST-segment elevation and T-wave inversion in leads V1–V3 with right bundle branch block suggestive of a type 1 Brugada pattern. Her past medical and family history was not significant. The patient made an uneventful recovery with the required supportive treatments.

Clinical discussion:
Cardiac arrhythmias are the major cause of death in ALP poisoning. Unmasking of the Brugada ECG pattern is a rare but potentially fatal complication implicated in various pharmacological toxicities, including tricyclic antidepressants, cocaine, procainamide, disopyramide, flecainide, and rarely with ALP.

Conclusions:
ALP poisoning can unmask the Brugada ECG pattern, which can lead to ventricular fibrillation and/or sudden cardiac death.
Factors influencing refusal of lumbar puncture in children under age 10: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Masood Shaheen , Farrukh Riffat , Naseer Amber , Saqib Muhammad , Kadri Adeel , Shakoor Ibrahim , Mustafa Sultan , Mumtaz Hassan 
Published: October 2023

Background:
This study aimed to investigate the factors associated with refusal of lumbar puncture (LP) in children aged 1–10 years who presented to a paediatric department in our hospital.

Methods:
A sample of parents and guardians of children who presented to the paediatric department were surveyed to gather information about their educational background and decision-making processes. Attending doctors were also interviewed using a questionnaire to gather their perspectives on the reasons for LP refusal in children. Attending doctors then tried to convince the parents or guardians to see if it changed their decision.

Results:
The study found that the majority of parents and guardians had a lower educational background, with over half being illiterate. Refusal of LP was seen most frequently in parents or guardians who were illiterate. The decision-making process was found to be heavily dependent on the father in a male-dominated society. Peer pressure and lack of knowledge were found to be factors that contributed to LP refusal.

Conclusion:
Refusal of a LP was linked to having a lower educational background and to societal influences in this cross-sectional study of children aged 1–10 years. More than half of the parents and guardians were illiterate, indicating that they had a lower level of education. Refusing LP was influenced by a number of factors, including social pressure and a lack of information. However, these obstacles were overcome thanks to the efforts of the attending doctors who dispelled myths and reassured the parents and guardians of the necessity and safety of the procedure. Possible roadblocks include a lack of financial resources and common misconceptions about LP. These results highlight the significance of addressing educational and societal factors to enhance children’s healthcare.
The tendency of segmental distribution of hepatic metastasis according to couinaud classification: a comparison of portal versus systemic route of metastatis due to primary colorectal and breast tumors
Authors: Khan Dawar , Khan Ayimen Khalid , Khan Sarim Dawar , Aman Muhammad , Amin Ahsun , Waseem Maria , Kumari Usha , Khan Faheemullah , Pervez Alina , Khan Aarash 
Published: October 2023

Objective:
The liver is the commonest site of metastatic disease for patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), with at least 25% of patients developing liver metastasis (LM) during their illness. About 50% of patients diagnosed with metastatic breast cancer develop LM, and 5–12% of these patients develop LM as the main site of breast cancer recurrence. This study aims to determine the frequency of segmental distribution of LM seeding from portal versus systemic routes of dissemination due to primary CRC and breast carcinoma, respectively.

Material and methods:
This retrospective study was conducted in a tertiary care teaching hospital in Pakistan. Ethical approval was taken from the institutional review board. A total of 587 patients were included in the study with 297 CRC patients with LM and 300 breast carcinoma patients with LM. Segment I involvement was excluded from the calculation because of the dual blood supply. Patients’ detailed demographics and other information were collected on a predesigned proforma. The authors evaluated axial and multiplanar reformatted computed tomography images for LM and CRC metastasis. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 25. P value less than or equal to 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
A study population of 587 patients was employed that comprised 287 CRC and 300 breast carcinoma patients. There were 179 (30.5%) male and 408 (69.5%) female patients. The mean age of patients was 54.9±13.3. The study revealed that 204 (34.8%) CRC patients showed right lobe (V, VI, VII, VIII) and 83 (14.1%) CRC patients showed left lobe involvement of metastasis while 192 (32.7%) breast carcinoma patients showed right lobe involvement and 108 (18.4%) breast carcinoma patients showed left lobe involvement in metastasis (P=0.02). We also found 40 (6.8%) colorectal and 55 (9.4%) breast carcinoma patients showed left lateral segment (II, III) involvement. Medial segment involvement (IV) was seen in 43 (7.3%) CRC patients and 53 (9%) breast carcinoma patients (P=0.03).

Conclusion:
The right hepatic lobe is the predominant site of metastasis independent of the portal or systemic route of dissemination in primary carcinoma. Moreover, in left lobe metastasis medial segment (IV) is more affected in CRC while the lateral segment (II, III) is more affected in breast carcinoma.
Odds of HIV among incarcerated drug users: a systematic review and meta-analysis of Asian countries
Authors: Hussain Hassan ul , Kumar Kanwal Ashok , Rehan Syeda Tayyaba , Khan Zayeema , Hashmi Mahnoor Rehan , Khabir Yumna , Fatir Chaudhary Abdul , Tahir Muhammad Junaid , Ahmed Ali , Shrateh Oadi N. , Huda Md. Nazmul 
Published: October 2023

Background:
HIV makes up a large portion of infectious diseases globally. People injecting drugs in prisons are at high risk for contracting HIV infection. Prisons house ~10.2 million people globally, making them a high-risk setting for HIV transmission. This systematic review summarizes the available data on the odds of developing HIV infection among imprisoned people who inject drugs (PWIDs) in Asian regions.

Methods:
The authors electronically assessed published studies from January, 2000 to December, 2022, including studies that investigated the odds of HIV in imprisoned PWIDs. We extensively searched PubMed, ERIC, and Cochrane Central and Google Scholar with no constraints in language or time. All the observational studies evaluating the chances of HIV in Asian prisoners with an exposure group of PWIDs and a control group of non-injecting-drug users were included in our analysis.

Results:
The databases search yielded 254 potential studies, 10 observational studies of which having a total of 17 333 participants were included. A low or moderate risk of bias was reported in all the studies except one case-control. The pooled analysis showed a significant association between PWIDs and the chances of contracting HIV infection (Odds ratio=6.40; 95% CI=3.89–10.52; P<0.00001; I2=53%).

Conclusion:
This study found a vital correlation between injecting-drug usage during imprisonment and HIV transmission speed. The results of this meta-analysis support the need to prevent HIV and conducting treatment programs in high-risk settings like prisons.
Olanzapine-induced oculogyric crisis in a patient with mania without psychotic symptoms: a case report
Authors: Yogi Tek N. , Bhusal Amrit , Limbu Suren , B.C. Pooja , labh Sujal , Kafle Rijan 
Published: October 2023

Introduction and importance:
Oculogyric crisis (OGC), marked by upward eye deviation, is rare and linked to diverse causes, including drugs and neurological conditions. This study details a 16-year-old male’s OGC onset after olanzapine treatment for an initial mania episode, highlighting the need to recognize this potential side effect.

Case presentation:
A 16-year-old male with nonpsychotic mania was treated with olanzapine and sodium valproate. On day 30, he developed OCG due to olanzapine, managed with medication. After discharge, similar ocular symptoms emerged. Gradual olanzapine tapering alongside anticholinergic administration led to symptom relief. The Young Mania Rating Scale score decreased; psychoeducation was provided to the patient and family.

Discussion:
This study presents an exceptional case of olanzapine-induced OGC, a rare dystonic eye movement reaction. The patient’s presentation matched OGC criteria, confirmed by a high Adverse Drug Reaction Probability Scale score. Unusually, symptoms appeared 30 days postolanzapine initiation. A thorough assessment ruled out alternative causes. Mechanisms, possibly related to dopamine-choline balance and receptor sensitivity, remain uncertain. Despite atypical antipsychotics’ lower risk, olanzapine’s moderate D2 receptor binding led to this unusual response. Management involved dose reduction and anticholinergic therapy.

Conclusion:
This case report highlights the rare occurrence of olanzapine-induced OCG in a patient with nonpsychotic mania. Effective management requires proper history taking, examination, regular follow-up, monitoring, and appropriate medication use. The case demonstrates the need for caution when increasing olanzapine dose in manic patients with untreated mental illness and a history of neurological symptoms.
Thanatophoric dysplasia in nonadherent to antenatal care in low middle income country: a rare case reports
Authors: Shrestha Abhigan Babu , Chapagain Sanskriti , Umar Tungki Pratama , Yadav Randhir Sagar , Shrestha Shumneva , Bhandari Kiran , Sedai Ranjana , Poudel Aryan , Mahat Chadani , Sharma Shreeya , Bhandari Alish 
Published: October 2023

Introduction and importance:
Thanatophoric dysplasia is a rare, fatal, and sporadic form of skeletal dysplasia caused by a mutation in fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3). It is characterized by a conical thorax, platyspondyly (flat vertebral bodies), and macrocephaly. This disorder can be diagnosed antenatally as early as 13 weeks of gestation.

Case presentation:
The authors reported a case of thanatophoric dysplasia on USG in a 19 year old young consanguineous female in her second trimester of pregnancy. Ultrasound examination showed a clover leaf-shaped skull, a widened anterior fontanel, a coarse and edematous face, a flattened nasal bridge, a short neck, a low set of ears, shortening of both upper and lower limbs with short fingers, bowed thighs and legs, and a relatively narrow thorax.

Clinical discussion:
Lung hypoplasia, polyhydramnios, and hydrops in affected individuals lead to a poor prognosis. Hence, timely intervention should be done to avoid a poor prognosis. However, a mix of sonographic, genetic, histological, and autopsy studies are applied to make the most accurate diagnosis.

Conclusion:
The authors reported this case due to the rarity of this condition and the need for a systematic and multidisciplinary approach.
Classification of Post-Pancreatectomy Readmissions and Opportunities for Targeted Mitigation Strategies
Authors: Boyev Artem , Azimuddin Ahad , Prakash Laura R. , Newhook Timothy E. , Maxwell Jessica E. , Bruno Morgan L. , Arvide Elsa M. , Dewhurst Whitney L. , Kim Michael P. , Ikoma Naruhiko , Lee Jeffrey E. , Snyder Rebecca A. , Katz Matthew H.G. , Tzeng Ching-Wei D. 
Published: October 2023

Objective:
Within a learning health system paradigm, this study sought to evaluate reasons for readmission to identify opportunities for improvement.

Summary Background Data:
Post-pancreatectomy readmission rates have remained constant despite improved index hospitalization metrics.

Methods:
We performed a single-institution case-control study of consecutive pancreatectomy patients (October 2016 - April 2022). Complications were prospectively graded in biweekly faculty and advanced practice provider meetings. We analyzed risk factors during index hospitalization and categorized indications for 90-day readmissions.

Results:
A total of 835 patients, median age 65 years and 51% (427/835) males, underwent 64% (534/835) pancreatoduodenectomies, 34% (280/835) distal pancreatectomies, and 3% (21/835) other resections. 24% (204/835) of patients were readmitted. Primary indication for readmission was technical in 51% (105/204), infectious in 17% (35/204), and medical/metabolic in 31% (64/204) of patients. Procedures were required in 77% (81/105) and 60% (21/35) of technical and infectious readmissions, respectively, while 66% (42/64) of medical/metabolic readmissions were managed non-invasively. During the index hospitalization, benign pathology (OR 1.8, P=0.049), biochemical pancreatic leak (OR 2.3, P=0.001), bile/gastric/chyle leak (OR 6.4, P=0.001), organ-space infection (OR 3.4, P=0.007), undrained fluid on imaging (OR 2.4, P=0.045), and increasing white blood cell count (OR 1.7, P=0.045) were independently associated with odds of readmission.

Conclusions:
Most readmissions following pancreatectomy were technical in origin. Patients with complications during index hospitalization, increasing white blood cell count, or undrained fluid before discharge were at highest risk for readmission. Pre-discharge risk-stratification of readmission risk factors and augmentation of in-clinic resources may be strategies to reduce readmission rates.
Metamaterials with Poisson's ratio discontinuity by means of fragmentation–reconstitution rotating units
Authors: Lim Teik-Cheng 
Published: October 2023

This paper presents for the first time two types of metamaterials based on the fragmentation–reconstitution of rotating units in order to produce Poisson's ratio discontinuity at the original state. For both metamaterials, each rotating unit takes the form of a rhombus that comprises eight sub-units. During on-axis stretching, each rhombus fragments into eight rotating sub-units. When the prescribed strain is reversed, these eight sub-units reconstitute back into a single rotating rhombus such that they rotate as a rigid body. Using geometrical construction, the incremental Poisson's ratio was established at the original state. In the case of large deformation, the finite Poisson's ratio was formulated in conjunction with the maximum allowable rotations for full stretching along both axes and for full compression. The family of on-axes Poisson's ratio versus rotational angles for various shape descriptors displays a fork-shaped distribution with discontinuity at the original state. Two major distinguishing factors of these metamaterials—property discontinuity at the original state with constant and variable Poisson's ratio under compression and tension, respectively—allow them to function in ways that cannot be fully performed by conventional materials or even by auxetic materials and metamaterials.