bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Testing association and linkage using affected‐sib‐parent study designs
Authors: Millstein Joshua , Siegmund Kimberly D. , Conti David V. , Gauderman W. James 
Published: August 2005

AbstractWe have developed a method for jointly testing linkage and association using data from affected sib pairs and their parents. We specify a conditional logistic regression model with two covariates, one that quantifies association (either direct association or indirect association via linkage disequilibrium), and a second that quantifies linkage. The latter covariate is computed based on expected identity‐by‐descend (ibd) sharing of marker alleles between siblings. In addition to a joint test of linkage and association, our general framework can be used to obtain a linkage test comparable to the mean test (Blackwelder and Elston [1985] Genet. Epidemiol. 2:85–97), and an association test comparable to the Family‐Based Association Test (FBAT; Rabinowitz and Laird [2000] Hum. Hered. 50:211–223). We present simulation results demonstrating that our joint test can be more powerful than some standard tests of linkage or association. For example, with a relative risk of 2.7 per variant allele at a disease locus, the estimated power to detect a nearby marker with a modest level of LD was 58.1% by the mean test (linkage only), 69.8% by FBAT, and 82.5% by our joint test of linkage and association. Our model can also be used to obtain tests of linkage conditional on association and association conditional on linkage, which can be helpful in fine mapping. Genet. Epidemiol. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Acid‐induced bioactive titania surface
Authors: Zhao Xiaobing , Liu Xuanyong , Ding Chuanxian 
Published: August 2005

AbstractNano‐ and conventional‐TiO2 powders were deposited onto titanium alloy using atmospheric plasma spraying technology. As‐sprayed titania coatings were treated by H2SO4 and HCl solutions at room temperature for 24 h, and the bioactivity was evaluated by simulated body fluid tests. Measured X‐ray diffraction patterns indicated that as‐sprayed titania coatings obtained from both nano and conventional powders were composed of primary rutile as well as a small quantity of anatase and Ti3O5. The surface of as‐sprayed coatings prepared from the conventional powder was rougher than that from nanopowder. After immersion in simulated body fluid for 2 weeks, both acid‐treated nano‐ and titania coatings have induced carbonate‐containing hydroxyapatite to form on the surfaces. However, this phenomenon did not appear on the surface of as‐sprayed nano‐ and conventional‐titania coatings. The results obtained indicated that the bioactivity of plasma sprayed titania coatings was improved by the acid treatment and had nothing to do with phase composition and particle size of the original TiO2 powders. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2005
Quantitative analysis of fibrosis formation on the microcapsule surface with the use of picro‐sirius red staining, polarized light microscopy, and digital image analysis
Authors: Zhang Hua'an , Sun Lin , Wang Wei , Ma Xiaojun 
Published: August 2005

AbstractTransplantation of microencapsulated cells shows potential to treat a variety of diseases. To improve the quality of microcapsules, efficient methods need to be established and standardized for the evaluation of biocompatibility of microcapsules. To this end, a microscopical method was developed to analyze quantitatively the degree of fibrotic overgrowth (FO), which serves as the index of biocompatibility. In this method, sections were stained with picro‐sirius red and illuminated with a polarized light microscope. The images were digitized with the use of a computer‐video system in which collagenous content was depicted by gray levels 1 to 255. Both the area of collagen and the thickness of FO were examined. The ratio of Type I/Type III collagen and the thickness were used as indexes of the degree of FO. The data showed that the ratio of Type I/Type III collagen and the thickness increased with time, and FO was not significant 4 weeks after transplantation. In comparison, this new method is more efficient to evaluate FO. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2006
Needle catheter jejunostomy at esophagectomy for cancer
Authors: Sica Giuseppe S. , Sujendran Vijay , Wheeler James , Soin Bob , Maynard Nicholas 
Published: August 2005

AbstractImportant physiological changes occur after major abdominal surgery. Cellular and morphological changes follow a period of malnutrition. Enteral feeding is an important strategy for maintaining gut integrity and function. Controversies remain on the use of feeding jejunostomy after major abdominal surgery and its use had not gained widespread acceptance. The records of 262 consecutive patients who underwent esophagectomy for cancer were reviewed retrospectively to assess whether the placement of a needle catheter jejunostomy (NCJ) at the time of surgery is a safe and useful procedure. All the patients had a 9 Fr. NCJ place in a standardized fashion at the time of the esophagectomy. The technique of placement, the utilisation, and the complications of the NCJ were examined. The enteral nutrition was started in the first post‐operative day. Sixty‐three percent of our patients required enteral nutrition for 10 or more days. In 19%, this requirement was prolonged for more then 20 days, upto 68 days. The complications related to NCJ were four (1.5%). The use of the NCJ as described is safe, with an extremely low rate of complications. It may provide adequate nutritional support for a prolonged period of time at low costs. Its routine use in patients undergoing esophagectomy is recommended. J. Surg. Oncol. 2005;91:276–279. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy for treatment of unexpected early‐stage gallbladder cancer
Authors: Sun Chuan Dong , Zhang Bing Yuan , Wu Li Qun , Lee Woo Jung 
Published: August 2005

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesLaparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) may result in the incidental diagnosis of early stage (T1 and T2) gallbladder cancer. LC is useful for T1 patients, however, its role in T2 patients remains controversial. We sought to determine the effect of initial LC on patient outcome in early‐stage gallbladder cancer.MethodsTwenty‐nine patients with T1 or T2 disease were reviewed retrospectively to assess preoperative diagnosis, intraoperative findings, and outcomes.ResultsDiagnoses included gallbladder stones (5), gallstones with polyps (5), and gallbladder polyps (19). Malignancy was suspected in 15 patients (14 polyp lesions and 1 gallbladder stone with wall thickening). After frozen sections, two T2 patients were immediately treated with radical operation owing to positive margins. Of 14 patients diagnosed by pathology, 4 T2 patients with positive margins underwent a second radical operation. Five‐year survival rate was 100% and 49.6 % (T1 and T2 patients). No mortality or recurrence was detected in T1 patients (mean follow‐up, 45.8 months; range, 6–98 months). Three T2 patients died, and one T2 patient relapsed after LC. No port site metastasis was detected.ConclusionsLC for T1a and T1b gallbladder cancer needs no additional treatment, however, radical operation for T2 patients is recommended, regardless of the margin condition. J. Surg. Oncol. 2005;91:253–257. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Disaster‐related posttraumatic stress symptoms and sustained attention: Evaluation of depressive symptomatology and sleep disturbances as mediators
Authors: Meewisse Marie‐Louise , Nijdam Mirjam J. , de Vries Giel‐Jan , Gersons Berthold P.R. , Kleber Rolf J. , van der Velden Peter G. , Roskam Albert‐Jan , Christiaanse Berdi , Drogendijk Annelieke N. , Olff Miranda 
Published: August 2005

AbstractResearch about attentional functioning following trauma has almost exclusively been performed in patient populations with combat‐related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In this study the relationship between sustained attention and PTSD symptoms was examined in a community sample of survivors of a major disaster using the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task (PASAT) and the Self‐Rating Scale for PTSD (SRS‐PTSD) 2–3 years postdisaster. Analyses revealed low but significant partial correlations between PTSD symptoms and the least difficult subtests, ruling out the effects of age, education, depressive symptomatology, and sleep disturbances. These results demonstrate that PTSD symptoms link to attentional dysfunction 2–3 years postdisaster.
Disparities in mental health treatment following the World Trade Center Disaster: Implications for mental health care and health services research
Authors: Boscarino Joseph A. , Adams Richard E. , Stuber Jennifer , Galea Sandro 
Published: August 2005

AbstractTo assess disparities in mental health treatment in New York City (NYC) after the World Trade Center Disaster (WTCD) reported previously related to care access, we conducted analyses among a cross‐sectional survey of adults who had posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or major depression (N = 473) one year after the event. The dependent variables examined were use of mental health services, in general, and use of mental health services related to the WTCD. Similar dependent variables were developed for medication usage. Although a number of bivariate results were statistically significant for postdisaster mental health visits, in a multivariate logistic regression model, only WTCD exposure remained significant. For service utilization related to the WTCD, the multivariate results indicated that African Americans were less likely to have had these visits compared to Whites, while those with a regular doctor, who had greater exposure to WTCD events, and those who had a perievent panic attack were more likely to have had such visits. In terms of medication use, multivariate results suggested that African Americans were less likely to use postdisaster medications, whereas persons 45 + years old and those with a regular doctor, were more likely to use them. For WTCD‐related medication use, multivariate models indicated that African Americans were less likely to use medications, relative to Whites, while those between 45 and 64 years old, those with a regular doctor, those exposed to more WTCD events, and those who had a perievent panic attack, were more likely to have taken medications related to the disaster. The primary reason respondents gave for not seeking treatment (55% of subsample) was that they did not believe that they had a problem (73%). Other reasons were that they wanted to solve the problem on their own (5%), had problems accessing services (6%), had financial problems (4%), or had a fear of treatment (4%). Despite the availability of free mental health services offered in a supportive and potentially less stigmatizing environment post disaster, there still appeared to be barriers to receiving postdisaster services among those presumably in need of care.
Crystallization, Melting and Morphology of Syndiotactic/Atactic Polystyrene Blends: Molecular Weight Effects of Atactic Polystyrene
Authors: Wang Chi , Wang Ming‐Ling , Fan Yong‐Da 
Published: August 2005

AbstractSummary: Molecular weight (MW) effects of atactic polystyrene (aPS) on the morphologies and crystallization kinetics of syndiotactic polystyrene (sPS) blends have been investigated, and miscibility was confirmed for all the sPS/aPS blends. Addition of aPS(M) or aPS(L) leads to a significant increase in the entropy of mixing and gives rise to a pronounced decrease in the equilibrium melting temperature of the blends. On heating from the glassy state, the crystallization peak temperature of the sPS/aPS(H) blend increased with increasing aPS content due to a dilution effect, whereas those of sPS/aPS(M) and sPS/aPS(L) decreased mainly due to enhanced chain mobility. On cooling from the melt state, the crystallization peak temperature decreased with increasing aPS content regardless of the aPS MW. A higher activation energy is required for the sPS component transport from the miscible melt to the growth front in the sPS/aPS(L), suggesting that extra energy is required for the demixing process. Interspherulitic segregation of aPS diluents was evident in the sPS/aPS(L) blends, while interfibrillar segregation morphology was obtained in the sPS/aPS(H) as well as the sPS/aPS(U) blends.SEM images of sPS/aPS blends 50/50(L) at 230 °C (C) and 70/30(L) at 250 °C (D).magnified imageSEM images of sPS/aPS blends 50/50(L) at 230 °C (C) and 70/30(L) at 250 °C (D).
The effective action of D‐branes in Calabi‐Yau orientifold compactifications
Authors: Jockers H. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractIn this review article we study type IIB superstring compactifications in the presence of space‐time filling D‐branes while preserving 𝒩=1 supersymmetry in the effective four‐dimensional theory. This amount of unbroken supersymmetry and the requirement to fulfill the consistency conditions imposed by the space‐time filling D‐branes lead to Calabi‐Yau orientifold compactifications. For a generic Calabi‐Yau orientifold theory with space‐time filling D3‐ or D7‐branes we derive the low‐energy spectrum. In a second step we compute the effective 𝒩=1 supergravity action which describes in the low‐energy regime the massless open and closed string modes of the underlying type IIB Calabi‐Yau orientifold string theory. These 𝒩=1 supergravity theories are analyzed and in particular spontaneous supersymmetry breaking induced by non‐trivial background fluxes is studied. For D3‐brane scenarios we compute soft‐supersymmetry breaking terms resulting from bulk background fluxes whereas for D7‐brane systems we investigate the structure of D‐ and F‐terms originating from worldvolume D7‐brane background fluxes. Finally we relate the geometric structure of D7‐brane Calabi‐Yau orientifold compactifications to 𝒩=1 special geometry.
Effects of the stabilization of the molten globule state on the folding mechanism of α‐lactalbumin: A study of a chimera of bovine and human α‐lactalbumin
Authors: Mizuguchi Mineyuki , Matsuura Atsushi , Nabeshima Yuko , Masaki Kazuo , Watanabe Masahiro , Aizawa Tomoyasu , Demura Makoto , Nitta Katsutoshi , Mori Yoshihiro , Shinoda Hiroyuki , Kawano Keiichi 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe N‐terminal half of the α‐domain (residues 1 to 34) is more important for the stability of the acid‐induced molten globule state of α‐lactalbumin than the C‐terminal half (residues 86 to 123). The refolding and unfolding kinetics of a chimera, in which the amino acid sequence of residues 1 to 34 was from human α‐lactalbumin and the remainder of the sequence from bovine α‐lactalbumin, were studied by stopped‐flow tryptophan fluorescence spectroscopy. The chimeric protein refolded and unfolded substantially faster than bovine α‐lactalbumin. The stability of the molten globule state formed by the chimera was greater than that of bovine α‐lactalbumin, and the hydrophobic surface area buried inside of the molecule in the molten globule state was increased by the substitution of residues 1 to 34. Peptide fragments corresponding to the A‐ and B‐helix of the chimera showed higher helix propensity than those of the bovine protein, indicating the contribution of local interactions to the high stability of the molten globule state of the chimera. Moreover, the substitution of residues 1–34 decreased the free energy level of the transition state and increased hydrophobic surface area buried inside of the molecule in the transition state. Our results indicate that local interactions as well as hydrophobic interactions formed in the molten globule state are important in guiding the subsequent structural formation of α‐lactalbumin. Proteins 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The genetics of tea and coffee drinking and preference for source of caffeine in a large community sample of Australian twins
Authors: Luciano Michelle , Kirk Katherine M. , Heath Andrew C. , Martin Nicholas G. 
Published: August 2005

ABSTRACTAims  To investigate the genetic and environmental influences on tea consumption and their commonalities with coffee consumption; and to further examine the genetic and environmental aetiology of preference for tea/coffee.Design  A classical twin design was used in which the similarity of identical and non‐identical twins is compared, enabling estimates of genetic, common environmental and unique environmental influence on the trait.Setting and participants  An Australian population‐based sample of 1796 identical (i.e. monozygotic) and 2013 non‐identical (i.e. dizygotic) twin pairs aged 16–87 years was studied, roughly three‐fifths of whom were female. The sample represented approximately 70% of those approached for study participation.Measurements  As part of a Health and Lifestyle Questionnaire, respondents were asked how many cups of each tea and coffee they consumed per day. Additional measures of ‘total tea and coffee consumption’ and ‘preference for coffee’ were calculated.Findings  Age was positively associated with tea consumption but negatively associated with coffee preference; women consumed more beverages than men, but showed a lower preference for coffee. An inverse relation between tea and coffee consumption—larger in females (−0.41) than males (−0.34)—was supported. This association was mediated entirely by the unique environment in males, and by both the unique environment (68.3%) and genes (31.7%) in females. Tea and coffee drinking were shown to have similar heritabilities (0.46) in males, but tea consumption was influenced by common environmental factors whereas coffee consumption was not. Coffee preference was shown to be influenced by genes (0.42) and the unique environment (0.58).Conclusions  As the patterns of genetic and environmental variation were shown to differ for tea and coffee consumption it may be more informative to retain them as separate measures of caffeine intake in future studies of stimulant use and taste perception.
The association between birth size and atopy in young North‐European adults
Authors: Laerum B. N. , Svanes C. , Wentzel‐Larsen T. , Gulsvik A. , Iversen M. , Gislason T. , Jögi R. , Norrman E. , Janson C. , Omenaas E. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryBackground
There is evidence that atopic disorders may begin in intra‐uterine life; however, studies of birth characteristics and atopy show conflicting results.Methods
We wanted to investigate the association of birth weight and head circumference with serum total or specific IgE, allergic rhinitis or eczema while addressing the influence of demographic and geographical factors. In this historic prospective cohort study, data were collected from birth records for 1683 men and women born in 1947–1973, from six Nordic–Baltic populations participating in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey. Blood tests for the measurement of serum total and specific IgE were available for 1494 subjects. In multiple regression analyses, adjustments were made for birth length, gender, age, study centre, adult body mass index, level of education, parental and adult smoking.Results
There was no association of birth weight (n=1230) and head circumference (n=285) with serum total IgE, specific IgE antibodies, allergic rhinitis or eczema. There were neither significant interactions by gender or age, nor heterogeneity between the study centres in the analyses of birth weight and adult atopy.Conclusion
Birth size was not associated with atopy among adults in this large Nordic–Baltic population study.
Inhibition of human interleukin‐13‐induced respiratory and oesophageal inflammation by anti‐human‐interleukin‐13 antibody (CAT‐354)
Authors: Blanchard C. , Mishra A. , Saito‐Akei H. , Monk P. , Anderson I. , Rothenberg M. E. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryBackground
Allergic asthma is a complex disorder characterized by local and systemic T helper type 2 ‐cell responses such as the production of IL‐13, a cytokine associated with the induction of airway hyper‐responsiveness (AHR), chronic pulmonary eosinophilia, airway mucus overproduction and eosinophilic oesophagitis.Objective
Our study aimed to address the therapeutic potential of a human anti‐human IL‐13 IgG4 monoclonal antibody (CAT‐354) in a murine model of respiratory and oesophageal inflammation induced by intratracheal human IL‐13.Methods
BALB/c mice were treated on days 1 and 3 with CAT‐354 (intraperitoneal injection), and human IL‐13 was injected intratracheally on days 2 and 4. AHR to methacholine, airway eosinophilia in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, histologic analysis of goblet cell metaplasia and oesophageal eosinophilia were evaluated.Results
Human IL‐13 induced airway eosinophilia and goblet cell metaplasia in mice in a dose‐dependent manner. Moreover, intratracheal dosing with 25 μg of human IL‐13 was sufficient to induce AHR, goblet cell metaplasia and oesophageal eosinophilia. Pretreatment with CAT‐354 significantly reduced AHR, airway eosinophilia and oesophageal eosinophilia.Conclusion
These results demonstrate that anti‐human IL‐13 (CAT‐354) is a potential therapeutic treatment for allergic airway and oesophageal diseases.
Maternal atopy and changes in parity
Authors: Sunyer J. , Antó J. M. , Plana E. , Janson C. , Jarvis D. , Kony S. , Omenaas E. R. , Svanes C. , Wjst M. , Leynaert B. ,   on behalf of the European Community Respiratory Health Study
Published: August 2005

SummaryBackground
Atopic women tend to have fewer children, although atopy may favour conception.Objective
To assess whether atopy is associated with the number of new births and whether changes in parity are associated with a change in atopy in a cohort of young women.Methods
Women had atopy (defined as the presence of serum‐specific IgE against common aeroallergens) measured in the European Community Respiratory Health Study during the years 1991–92 (n=4580). About 9 years later, 2844 (62.1%) were recontacted and 2414 (52.7%) had atopy measured again.Results
Atopic women had fewer children at baseline than non‐atopic women but the association disappeared at the end of the follow‐up. Atopy tended to increase parity during the follow‐up, but in a non‐statistically significant way (relative risk=1.08; 0.86–1.35, after adjusting for number of children at baseline, age, length of follow‐up, education or social class). Prevalence of atopy during the follow‐up changed by the same magnitude whatever the birth cohort and the change in the number of children (P for interaction >0.7).Conclusion
Atopic women did not have a significantly higher fertility rate but they may postpone having their first child compared with non‐atopic women. We are unable to confirm the hypothesis that atopy in women may decrease with successive pregnancies.