bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polymorphic microsatellites in white rhinoceros
Authors: Florescu A. , Davila J. A. , Scott C. , Fernando P. , Kellner K. , Morales J. C. , Melnick D. , Boag P. T. , Van Coeverden De Groot P. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe southern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum) has suffered severe reductions in population size over the last 150 years as a result of overhunting. We optimized 10 southern white rhinoceros microsatellite loci and tested them on 30 individuals from the largest remaining population of this species. Five of the 10 loci were polymorphic with mean expected heterozygosity of 0.578, mean polymorphic information content of 0.481 and mean number of alleles 2.8. Although these data suggest low genetic variability in C. s. simum, an accurate comparison of variability awaits results of ongoing broad‐scale microsatellite surveys in this family.
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in the ground beetle Carabus problematicus (Coleoptera, Carabidae)
Authors: Gaublomme Eva , Dhuyvetter Hilde , Verdyck Peter , Mondor‐Genson Guenaelle , Rasplus Jean‐Yves , Desender Konjev 
Published: December 2004

AbstractSix microsatellite loci were isolated from the ground beetle Carabus problematicus. The polymorphism ranged from two to 17 alleles and observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.137 to 0.676 and 0.147 to 0.710, respectively.
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite DNA markers in the malaria vector Anopheles sacharovi
Authors: Guillemin M.‐L. , Severini C. , Berthomieu A. , Raymond M. , Weill M. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe mosquito Anopheles sacharovi, a member of the A. maculipennis complex, is an important malaria vector in the Middle East. Here we describe the isolation of 15 microsatellite polymorphic loci from the A. sacharovi genome, displaying a high among‐individual diversity (0.30–0.92) in a sample from Turkey. Seven loci displayed a significant departure from Hardy–Weinberg proportions, suggesting a substantial frequency of null alleles. The remaining eight loci are good candidates for further genetic studies in this species.
Isolation and characterization of microsatellites in the Asian walking catfish Clarias macrocephalus
Authors: Sukmanomon S. , Poompuang S. , Nakajima M. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractMicrosatellite loci were characterized in the walking catfish, Clarias macrocephalus, random clones from a small genomic library using a (GT)15 probe. Primers for DNA amplifications using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were designed and synthesized for 23 loci. Twelve loci were polymorphic, with the number of alleles ranging from two to 13 alleles per locus. Developed microsatellite primers should prove useful for population studies and genetic mapping of the walking catfish.
Five new microsatellite markers for Northern pike (Esox lucius)
Authors: Launey Sophie , Krieg Francine , Morin Julie , Laroche Jean 
Published: December 2004

AbstractFive new microsatellite markers were isolated from Northern pike (Esox lucius), a freshwater fish widely distributed in both Northern Europe and Northern America. Characterization in 30 individuals from a population from France revealed four to seven alleles and an expected heterozygosity of 0.243–0.642. No departure from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium nor linkage disequilibrium were found. The level of polymorphism was higher than previously reported in the literature for pike populations from Northern America and Northern Europe, but with different microsatellite loci.
A set of cross‐species amplifying microsatellite markers developed from DNA sequence databanks in Picea (Pinaceae)
Authors: Besnard G. , Acheré V. , Faivre Rampant P. , Favre J. M. , Jeandroz S. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractSeven codominant genetic markers (of which six are located in gene untranslated transcribed regions) were developed from Picea DNA sequences available in databanks. Primers were designed to specifically amplify by polymerase chain reaction tri‐, di‐ or mononucleotide repeated motifs. They provided single locus length polymorphism on a representative sample of 93 Picea abies individuals. The usefulness of each locus in mapping, population genetics or gene flow studies was assessed. A weak geographical genetic differentiation was revealed. The loci were also amplified in P. glauca, P. engelmannii and P. omorika demonstrating potential transferability across Picea species.
Isolation of Psoroptes scab mite microsatellite markers (Acari: Psoroptidae)
Authors: Evans Lucie M. , Dawson Deborah A. , Wall Richard , Burke Terry , Stevens Jamie 
Published: December 2004

AbstractNine microsatellite markers have been isolated from the scab mite, Psoroptes ovis. These markers have been tested for polymorphism in individual Psoroptes mites originating from two hosts, the European rabbit, Oryctolagus cuniculus, and sheep, Ovis aries. No definitive picture of Psoroptes species’ status or interrelationships exists. This study provides the basis for a new molecular system to elucidate the systematics of groupings within the genus Psoroptes, allowing us to clarify the population dynamics and epidemiology of the mites causing sheep scab world wide.
Isolation and characterization of sequence‐tagged microsatellite sites markers in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
Authors: Sethy Niroj K. , Shokeen Bhumika , Bhatia Sabhyata 
Published: December 2004

AbstractIn this study we report the isolation of microsatellite sequences and their conversion to sequence‐tagged microsatellite sites (STMS) markers in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Thirteen putative recombinants isolated from a chickpea genomic library were sequenced, and used to design 10 STMS primer pairs. These were utilized to analyse the genetic polymorphism in 15 C. arietinum varieties and two wild varieties, C. echinospermum and C. reticulatum. All the primer pairs amplified polymorphic loci ranging from four to seven alleles per locus. The observed heterozygosity ranged from 0 to 0.6667. Most of the STMS markers also amplified corresponding loci in the wild relatives suggesting conservation of these markers in the genus. Hence, these polymorphic markers will be useful for the evaluation of genetic diversity and molecular mapping in chickpea.
Microsatellites from Clarias batrachus and their polymorphism in seven additional catfish species
Authors: Yue G. H. , Kovacs B. , Orban L. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractWe isolated 18 novel microsatellite loci from the walking catfish (Clarias batrachus), and examined their cross‐amplification in seven additional catfish species from three families. Sixteen of the 18 microsatellites were polymorphic in the source species (allele number: 2–10/locus and expected heterozygosity: 0.30–0.87). Moreover, nine of these 18 primer pairs cross‐amplified specific and polymorphic products from the genome of at least six of the seven other catfish species tested. However, the success rate of cross‐species amplification varied from locus to locus, indicating that cross‐species amplification of microsatellites is locus‐dependent.
Brood sex ratio determination by flow cytometry in ants
Authors: Aron Serge , De Menten Ludivine , Van Bockstaele Dirk 
Published: December 2004

AbstractSex ratio variations during brood development have important implications for the study of sex allocation in haplodiploid insects. So far, few studies have addressed this question because of the difficulty to determine the sex of the brood. We used flow cytometry to differentiate haploid males from diploid females in the ant Linepithema humile. Our data show that flow cytometry can be used successfully to distinguish between male and female brood on the basis of their DNA content, from the very first larval stage. Moreover, we show that flow cytometry allows sex brood determination in other ant species, as well as in nonsocial Hymenoptera.
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in Schizolobium parahyba (Leguminosae)
Authors: Kamau E. M. , Mayes S. , Barrett J. A. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractPrimer sequences for 16 microsatellite loci were developed from Schizolobium parahyba, a tropical tree species. Twelve loci were found to be polymorphic after screening diversity in individuals from Belize. A total of 39 alleles were found at nine loci. The markers are invaluable tools for studying the population genetics and mating system of the species.
Fluorescent dUTP helps characterize 10 novel tetranucleotide microsatellites from an enriched salamander (Ambystoma texanum) genomic library
Authors: Williams Rod N. , DeWoody J. Andrew 
Published: December 2004

AbstractTen tetranucleotide microsatellite loci were isolated and characterized from Indiana (USA) populations of the smallmouth salamander, Ambystoma texanum. As opposed to individually labelling primers that were not yet known to be polymorphic, we used fluorescent dUTP to assess genetic variability and found it to be very effective. Allelic diversity ranged from two to 18 alleles per locus and observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.17 to 0.91 among roughly 25 individuals. One of the 10 markers also amplified and was polymorphic in the tiger salamander (A. tigrinum).
Characterization of microsatellite loci in White‐chinned Petrel (Procellaria aequinoctialis) and cross‐amplification in six other procellariiform species
Authors: Techow N. M. S. M. , O'Ryan C. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractSix polymorphic dinucleotide microsatellite loci were isolated and characterized from the White‐chinned Petrel Procellaria aequinoctialis, using a degenerate primer and PCR‐based technique to construct and screen an enriched genomic library. Preliminary data on three populations show heterozygosity levels ranging from 0.22 to 0.67 and allele numbers from three to nine. Preliminary data also suggest genetic distance between these three populations (FST 0.088). Cross‐species amplification of these six microsatellite loci and one further locus were tested in six other procellariiform species of the genus Procellaria, Macronectes, Thalassarche and Diomedea.
EST and random genomic nuclear microsatellite markers for Streptocarpus
Authors: Hughes M. , Möller M. , Bellstedt D. U. , Edwards T. J. , Woodhead M. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractMicrosatellite markers have been developed from standard enriched genomic libraries and a cDNA library for the genus Streptocarpus. Out of 15 loci derived from ESTs (expressed sequence tags), four gave working primer pairs, with expected heterozygosities (HE) ranging from 0.42 to 0.86. Out of 89 genomic library derived loci, 6 gave working primer pairs, with HE ranging from 0.63 to 0.93.
Development of polymorphic microsatellite loci for North American river otters (Lontra canadensis) and amplification in related Mustelids
Authors: Beheler Amanda S. , Fike Jennifer A. , Murfitt Lisa M. , Rhodes Olin E. , Serfass Thomas S. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractIn order to complement ecological research on native and reintroduced populations of the North American river otter (Lontra canadensis), we developed 10 polymorphic microsatellite loci that would permit us to evaluate population genetic structure and conduct fecal DNA analyses. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 3 to 14 and observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.23 to 0.68. Preliminary screening revealed that primers were polymorphic in a subset of other Mustelids.
distruct: a program for the graphical display of population structure
Authors: Rosenberg Noah A. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractIn analysis of multilocus genotypes from structured populations, individual coefficients of membership in subpopulations are often estimated using programs such as structure. distruct provides a general method for visualizing these estimated membership coefficients. Subpopulations are represented as colours, and individuals are depicted as bars partitioned into coloured segments that correspond to membership coefficients in the subgroups. distruct, available at http://www.cmb.usc.edu/~noahr/distruct.html, can also be used to display subpopulation assignment probabilities when individuals are assumed to have ancestry in only one group.
Isolation of 10 microsatellite markers for mongoose lemurs (Eulemur mongoz)
Authors: Pastorini J. , Fernando P. , Melnick D. J. , Forstner M. R. J. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractWe present here 10 new microsatellite markers for the mongoose lemur (Eulemur mongoz), nine of which were isolated from E. mongoz and one from Lemur catta. At least 60 individuals were genotyped for each of the 10 loci. Mendelian inheritance at each locus was tested by genotyping five captive families with known pedigrees. All loci were polymorphic and demonstrated simple Mendelian inheritance. The microsatellite markers presented here will be useful for genetic surveys of wild E. mongoz, to gain insights into the genetic background of the captive population, and to aid in the conservation of the species’ genetic diversity.
Microsatellite loci isolated from the Caribbean coral, Montastraea annularis
Authors: Severance E. G. , Szmant A. M. , A. Karl S. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractWe report the isolation and characterization of seven microsatellite loci from the Caribbean reef‐building coral, Montastraea annularis. All loci are polymorphic with allele numbers ranging from five to 31 and observed heterozygosities from 0.17 to 0.89. These loci can be used in assessing gene flow patterns and diversity of this stony coral species both for local coral reef management purposes as well as for elucidating population connectivity within the greater Caribbean basin. These markers should also be applicable to other species of Montastraea and for resolving taxonomic relationships within the M. annularis species complex.
Development of microsatellite markers in the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense (Dinophyceae)
Authors: Nagai S. , Lian C. , Hamaguchi M. , Matsuyama Y. , Itakura S. , Hogetsu T. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractOutbreaks of paralytic shellfish poisoning caused by the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense (Dinophyceae) are currently a serious problem from an economic and food hygiene point of view throughout the world. We isolated 13 polymorphic microsatellite loci from this species. These loci provided microsatellite markers with high polymorphism ranging from four to 15 alleles per locus and gene diversity between 0.632 and 0.974. The markers are available for more detailed investigations of genetic structure and gene flow of A. tamarense populations.
Polymorphic microsatellite loci in the black‐and‐gold chromis, Neoglyphidodon nigroris (Teleostei: Pomacentridae)
Authors: Watts Phillip C. , Veltsos Paris , Soffa Benjamin J. , Gill Andrew B. , Kemp Stephen J. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractWe describe 15 polymorphic dinucleotide microsatellite loci in the black‐and‐gold chromis, Neoglyphidodon nigroris (Cuvier: Teleostei: Pomacentridae). Microsatellites were isolated from a partial genomic library that was enriched for CA repeat motifs. The 15 loci yielded between two and 23 alleles per locus in a sample of 16 fish from two forereef sites off the island of Hoga, Wakatobi National Park, Indonesia. Observed and expected heterozygosities varied from 0.13 to 1.00 and 0.24 to 0.98, respectively. These markers should allow us to discriminate between closely related individuals and also to assess the connectedness of populations of N. nigroris that inhabit different reefs.
Microsatellite DNA markers for population‐genetic studies of Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus thynnus) and other species of genus Thunnus
Authors: Clark T. B. , Ma L. , Saillant E. , Gold J. R. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractTwenty‐five microsatellites from Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus thynnus) were characterized. All 25 microsatellites were polymorphic; the number of alleles among up to 56 individuals surveyed ranged from two to 23. Atlantic bluefin tuna are highly exploited and major questions remain as to stock structure and abundance in the eastern and western North Atlantic. The microsatellites will be useful in testing stock‐structure hypotheses and in generating estimates of effective population size. The polymerase chain reaction primer sets developed also amplified identifiable alleles in three other species of genus Thunnus: T. albacares (yellowfin tuna), T. alalunga (albacore tuna) and T. obesus (bigeye tuna).
Evolution of accommodative function and development of ocular movements in children
Authors: Jiménez R. , González M. D. , Pérez M. A. , García J. A. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe evolution of the accommodative function and development of ocular movement are evaluated in a non‐clinical paediatric population (1056 subjects) aged 6–12 years, providing means for each age in the optometric tests that evaluate the accommodative amplitude, accommodative facility, accommodative response (lag), and saccadic movements. A comparison of these values between ages (anova) established three distinct trends in the behaviour of these parameters. The accommodative amplitude, measured by modified dynamic retinoscopy, and the evaluation of the saccadic movements by the development of ocular movements [developmental eye movement (DEM)] test showed continuous change with age. The values for monocular and binocular accommodative facility, measured by ±2.00 D flippers, indicated the need to divide the population into two age groups (6–7 and 8–12 years). Finally, the means of accommodative response, measured by monocular estimation model (MEM) retinoscopy, and the direct observation of saccadic movement revealed no significant differences between ages, establishing a single mean reference value for the age group studied.
The projected increase in glaucoma due to an ageing population
Authors: Tuck Maurice W. , Crick Ronald Pitts 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe number of cases of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) in England and Wales is estimated to increase by a third over the 20 years to 2021, and then continue upwards at a similar pace to 2031. The estimates are based on official population projections, organised by 5‐year age groups, together with an age‐specific prevalence curve for POAG derived from the results of 11 epidemiological prevalence surveys. To cope with additional pressures, a thorough reappraisal of the present system for detection, referral, diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of the disease is likely to be required.
Barriers to accessing low vision services
Authors: Pollard Tamara L. , Simpson John A. , Lamoureux Ecosse L. , Keeffe Jill E. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractAim: To investigate barriers to accessing low vision services in Australia.Methods: Adults with a vision impairment (<6/12 in the better eye and/or significant visual field defect), who were current patients at the Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital (RVEEH), were interviewed. The questions investigated self‐perceived vision difficulties, duration of vision loss and satisfaction with vision and also examined issues of awareness of low vision services and referral to services. Focus groups were also conducted with vision impaired (<6/12 in the better eye) patients from the RVEEH, listeners of the Radio for the Print Handicapped and peer workers at Vision Australia Foundation. The discussions were recorded and transcribed.Results: The questionnaire revealed that referral to low vision services was associated with a greater degree of vision loss (p = 0.002) and a greater self‐perception of low vision (p = 0.005) but that referral was not associated with satisfaction (p = 0.144) or difficulties related to vision (p = 0.169). Participants with mild and moderate vision impairment each reported similar levels of difficulties with daily activities and satisfaction with their vision (p > 0.05). However, there was a significant difference in the level of difficulties experienced with daily activities between those with mild‐moderate and severe vision impairment (p < 0.05). The participants of the focus groups identified barriers to accessing low vision services related to awareness of services among the general public and eye care professionals, understanding of low vision and the services available, acceptance of low vision, the referral process, and transport.Conclusion: In addition to the expected difficulties with lack of awareness of services by people with low vision, many people do not understand what the services provide and do not identify themselves as having low vision. Knowledge of these barriers, from the perspective of people with low vision, can now be used to guide the development and content of future health‐promotion campaigns.
Sensitivity and specificity of two glaucoma case‐finding strategies for optometrists
Authors: Ieong A. , Murdoch I. , Cousens S. , Healey P. , Theodossiades J. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractCurrent best practice for primary open‐angle glaucoma case‐finding comprises history‐taking, disc examination, intraocular pressure measurement and suprathreshold visual field analysis (SVFA). An alternative case‐finding technique was formulated replacing SVFA with computerised quantitative disc assessment, using the Heidelberg retinal tomograph II (HRT II). Each approach was adopted by four optometrists who screened 29 POAG and 37 normal patients. Average sensitivities and specificities were similar in the two groups [sensitivity 71% (SVFA) vs 69% (HRT II); specificity 94% both groups]. Our inclusion of pre‐perimetric glaucoma cases limited the sensitivity of the optometrists in this study. There was evidence to suggest that the optometrists tended to miss early changes at the optic disc such as disc haemorrhage, nerve fibre layer defects and subtle neuroretinal thinning.
Contact lens fitting following unsuccessful refractive surgery
Authors: Hau Scott C. H. , Ehrlich Daniel P. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractA retrospective review of case notes of consecutive patients referred to a contact lens clinic after unsuccessful refractive surgery was carried out to determine the success of contact lens fitting. The main outcome variables in determining success were visual improvement, contact lens tolerance, fitting characteristics and wearing time. Thirteen eyes were fitted with conventional rigid gas permeable (CRGP), 10 with soft and 19 with reverse geometry rigid gas permeable contact lenses (RVG). The mean spectacle visual acuity (VA) was 6/9 (20/30) [range: 6/24 (20/80) to 6/5 (20/15)] and the mean VA after contact lens fitting was 6/6 (20/20) [range: 6/18 (20/60) to 6/5 (20/15)]. Of the 42 eyes, the contact lens VA was better than spectacle acuity in 25 (59.5%) eyes, equal in 14 (33.3%) and worse in three (7.1%). A total of 33 (78.6%) eyes were still wearing their lenses at the last visit. Contact lenses can be a valuable method of managing poor VA after refractive surgery.
Binocular interaction and performance of visual tasks
Authors: Justo Maria S. , Bermudez Maria A. , Perez Rogelio , Gonzalez Francisco 
Published: December 2004

AbstractBinocular vision implies the fusion of the right and left retinal images to perceive a single image. For this, interocular interaction is required. We measured the reaction times to carry out a visual fixation task in order to determine whether binocular interaction influences performance. Several combinations of test and distraction stimuli were monocularly and binocularly presented to one monkey and three human subjects. The overall median reaction times were 340 ms for the animal and 308, 342 and 381 for human subjects 1, 2 and 3 respectively. Reaction time was shorter when the test stimulus was presented binocularly. Moreover, we observed that the presence of a distraction stimulus increased the reaction time and that a correlated distraction stimulus had a greater influence on this increase than an uncorrelated distraction stimulus. These findings indicate that with binocular vision a more rapid performance of a visual task occurs.