bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crystallization and biochemical studies of the NYN domain of human KHNYN
Authors: Hong Sunho , Choe Jungwoo 
Published: February 2024

KHNYN is composed of an N-terminal KH-like RNA-binding domain and a C-terminal PIN/NYN endoribonuclease domain. It forms a complex with zinc-finger antiviral protein (ZAP), leading to the degradation of viral or cellular RNAs depending on the ZAP isoform. Here, the production, crystallization and biochemical analysis of the NYN domain (residues 477–636) of human KHNYN are presented. The NYN domain was crystallized with a heptameric single-stranded RNA from the AU-rich elements of the 3′-UTR of interferon lambda 3. The crystal belonged to space group P4132, with unit-cell parameters a = b = c = 111.3 Å, and diffacted to 1.72 Å resolution. The RNase activity of the NYN domain was demonstrated using different single-stranded RNAs, together with the binding between the NYN domain of KHNYN and the zinc-finger domain of ZAP.
Subsistence entrepreneurship and intersectional inequalities: a case study of women from Pakistani urban-poor districts
Authors: Shah Uzair , Hayes Niall , Obaid Asfia 
Published: February 2024

PurposeThe study adopts an intersectional approach to identify the key dimension(s) that reproduce inequalities in women's subsistence entrepreneurship within urban-poor settings in the global south.Design/methodology/approachThe in-depth case study is based on 44 semi-structured interviews and four focus-group discussions with women entrepreneurs based within urban-poor dwellings in the twin cities of Islamabad and Rawalpindi in the Islamic Republic of Pakistan.FindingsThe authors contribute to the literature by identifying how intersecting socio-class and socioeconomic inequalities, and patriarchal norms of izzat (meaning: honour, respect) and purdah (or veil), perpetuate disadvantage for women entrepreneurs producing and/or selling business goods and services.Originality/valueThe findings challenge the view of entrepreneurship as a meritocratic and neutral activity for social emancipation. The authors argue that multiple social hierarchies and inequalities operate simultaneously, but how these are understood, exercised and reproduce disadvantage for women entrepreneurs, depends on their social class. The authors propose a triple bind of domestic, market and societal inequalities as a heuristic framework for understanding intersecting inequalities, patriarchy and subsistence entrepreneurship in Pakistan, specifically the global south.
Understanding the multifunctional role of entrepreneurial coaching through a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Marras Giammarco , Opizzi Matteo , Loi Michela 
Published: February 2024

PurposeThe aim of this study is to systematise the entrepreneurial coaching (EC) literature by understanding how the phenomenon has been investigated along four dimensions inspired by Gartner’s (1985) conceptualisation of entrepreneurship: entrepreneurial process, context, target and outcomes. In so doing, this study will provide a frame of its multifunctional role and identify relevant gaps and suggestions for future research.Design/methodology/approachWe conducted a systematic literature review to collect existing works on EC. We analysed 85 selected papers with a qualitative content analysis that allowed us to highlight relevant research themes for the entrepreneurial process, context, outcomes and target.FindingsOur results demonstrate that EC has a multifunctional role in entrepreneurship that can be summarised in five different typologies, depending on the stage of the entrepreneurial process in which it is applied, the context, the target and the outcomes.Originality/valueAs one of the first attempts to systematise studies on EC, this work extends previous conceptualisation of EC by detailing different typologies of this intervention, thereby contributing to reduced fragmentation and conceptual ambiguity.
Attaining global peace and tourism competitiveness: linkages between tourism, security measures and economic stability
Authors: Liu Xiaoying , Ali Qamar , Yaseen Muhammad Rizwan , Sarkodie Samuel Asumadu , Makhdum Muhammad Sohail Amjad , Khan Muhammad Tariq Iqbal 
Published: February 2024

PurposeThe Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 16 outlines sustainability as associated with peace, good governance and justice. The perception of international tourists about security measures and risks is a key factor affecting destination choices, tourist flow and overall satisfaction. Thus, we investigate the impact of armed forces personnel, prices, economic stability, financial development and infrastructure on tourism.Design/methodology/approachThis research used data from 130 countries from 1995 to 2019, which were divided into four income groups. This study employs a two-step generalized method of moments (GMM) technique and a novel tourism index comprising five relevant indicators of tourism.FindingsA 1% increase in armed forces personnel expands tourism in all income groups – 0.369% High Income Countries (HICs), 0.348% Upper Middle Income Countries (UMICs), 0.247% Lower Middle Income Countries (LMICs) and 0.139% Low Income Countries (LICs). The size of the tourism-safety coefficient decreases from high to low-income groups. The impact of inflation is significantly negative in all panels, excluding LICs. The reduction in tourism was 0.033% in HICs, 0.049% in UMICs and 0.029% in LMICs for a 1% increase in prices. The increase in the global tourism index is more in LICs (0.055%), followed by LMICs (0.024%), UMICs (0.009%) and HICs (0.004%) for a 1% expansion in the gross domestic product (GDP)/capita growth. However, the magnitude of the growth-led tourism impact is greater in developing countries. A positive impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) inflow was found in all panels like 0.016% in HICs, 0.050% in UMICs and 0.119% in LMICs for a 1% increase in FDI inflow. The rise in the global tourism index is 0.097% (HICs), 0.124% (UMICs) and 0.310% (LMICs) for a 1% rise in the financial development index. The increase in the global tourism index is 0.487% (HICs), 0.420% (UMICs) and 0.136% (LICs) for a 1% rise in the infrastructure index.Research limitations/implicationsEmpirical analysis infers important policy implications such as (a) establishment of a peaceful environment via recruitment of security personnel, use of safe city cameras, modern technology and law enforcement; (b) provision of basic facilities to tourists like sanitation, drinking water, electricity, accommodation, quality food, fuel and communication network and (c) price stability through different tools of monetary and fiscal policy.Originality/valueFirst, it explains the effect of security personnel on a comprehensive index of tourism instead of a single variable of tourism. Second, it captures the importance of economic stability (i.e., economic growth, financial development and FDI inflow) in the tourism–peace nexus.
Barriers and strategies for green investments in environmental, social and governance: a seaport companies' study
Authors: Villabruna Vinicius Elias , Hluszko Cleiton , Rossi Daiane , Barros Murillo Vetroni , Lam Jasmine Siu Lee , Lermen Fernando Henrique 
Published: February 2024

PurposeSeaports are vital in facilitating sustainable development, and environmental, social and governance (ESG) factors significantly impact an organization’s performance. Therefore, this study aims to identify and evaluate barriers and strategies of green investments to promote ESG practices within the seaport sector.Design/methodology/approachTo fulfill this aim, a systematic literature review, interpretive structural modeling and the matrix of cross-impact multiplications were applied to classification analysis.Findings12 barriers were prioritized and categorized by experts in a focus group to optimize efforts and define the materiality of these barriers in implementing ESG strategies within seaport companies.Practical implicationsThe implications of this study provide an alternative approach for ESG management in the context of seaports that can be applied in different regions by experts' opinion assessment.Originality/valueNo prior studies assessed the barriers and strategies for green investments in ESG from the port sector perspective.
Tourism crowding and resident approach/avoidance reactions through sustainable tourism: moderating role of proenvironmental behavior
Authors: Ud Din Nizam , Nazneen Shama , Jamil Barkat 
Published: February 2024

Purpose
In line with the stimulus overload theory, this study seeks a comprehensive understanding of tourism crowding by examining residents’ perceived tourism crowding and their corresponding avoidance and approach reactions through sustainable tourism. In addition, the study aims to investigate whether residents’ proenvironmental behavior moderates’ tourism’s negative impacts on the local ecosystem, delving into its potential mitigating role.

Design/methodology/approach
Using purposive sampling, the authors engaged residents associated with government and nongovernment organizations, universities, colleges and schools, as well as individuals from the business sector encompassing hotels, restaurants and cafeterias, markets and dedicated social activists actively involved in community affairs.

Findings
The analysis, conducted on 920 questionnaires using structural equation modeling, demonstrates that tourism crowding exhibits a negative correlation with sustainable tourism and approach reactions but a positive correlation with avoidance reactions. Furthermore, the moderation analysis suggests that as residents’ proenvironmental behavior improves, the detrimental effect of tourism crowding on sustainable tourism diminishes.

Practical implications
The study presents numerous implications for policymakers and the tourism industry, emphasizing the need to comprehend residents’ perceptions of tourism crowding and sustainable tourism. It underscores the importance of engaging residents in the tourism process to achieve sustainability goals.

Originality/value
The novel theoretical contribution lies in applying the stimulus overload theory to examine tourism crowding and sustainable tourism, specifically from the residents’ perspectives.
Improving homology‐directed repair by small molecule agents for genetic engineering in unconventional yeast?—Learning from the engineering of mammalian systems
Authors: Lu Min , Billerbeck Sonja 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe ability to precisely edit genomes by deleting or adding genetic information enables the study of biological functions and the building of efficient cell factories. In many unconventional yeasts, such as those promising new hosts for cell factory design but also human pathogenic yeasts and food spoilers, this progress has been limited by the fact that most yeasts favour non‐homologous end joining (NHEJ) over homologous recombination (HR) as a DNA repair mechanism, impairing genetic access to these hosts. In mammalian cells, small molecules that either inhibit proteins involved in NHEJ, enhance protein function in HR, or arrest the cell cycle in HR‐dominant phases are regarded as promising agents for the simple and transient increase of HR‐mediated genome editing without the need for a priori host engineering. Only a few of these chemicals have been applied to the engineering of yeast, although the targeted proteins are mostly conserved, making chemical agents a yet‐underexplored area for enhancing yeast engineering. Here, we consolidate knowledge of the available small molecules that have been used to improve HR efficiency in mammalian cells and the few ones that have been used in yeast. We include available high‐throughput‐compatible NHEJ/HR quantification assays that could be used to screen for and isolate yeast‐specific inhibitors.
Accuracy of MRI in predicting deep myometrial invasion in endometrial cancer and the influence of leiomyoma, adenomyosis and the microcystic elongated and fragmented tumour pattern
Authors: Liyanage Anuja , Cardoza Supriya , Kasabia Darshna , Moore Helen 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe most common form of endometrial cancer is Type 1 endometrioid adenocarcinoma. Depth of myometrial invasion is the most important prognostic factor correlating with overall patient survival. The objective was to investigate how accurate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is in predicting the depth of myometrial invasion in preoperative assessment, and the influence of leiomyoma and/or adenomyosis, or microcystic, elongated and fragmented (MELF) pattern of invasion on MRI diagnostic performance.MethodRetrospective audit of 235 endometrial cancer patients from the regional Gynaecology Oncology multidisciplinary meeting at Auckland City Hospital, between January 2020 and January 2021. Radiologist assigned stage was compared to histopathology. Presence of leiomyoma, adenomyosis and MELF pattern evaluated followed by analysis under a Biostatistician's supervision.ResultsOverall MRI diagnostic accuracy for depth of myometrial invasion was 86%. For deep myometrial invasion, MRI had a sensitivity of 72% and specificity 91%. Out of the misreported 32/235 cases, 16 demonstrated fibroids and/or adenomyosis leading to a sensitivity of 57% and specificity 93% for deep invasion, compared with 94% and 74% respectively in the population without, demonstrating statistical significance. Thirty seven cases with MELF pattern of invasion showed a sensitivity of 81% and specificity 80% for deep invasion, compared with 63% and 92% respectively in the group without, demonstrating no statistical significance.ConclusionMRI assessment of the depth of myometrial invasion in endometrial cancer has high accuracy. In the presence of background uterine fibroids/adenomyosis, pre‐operative MRI accuracy of evaluating deep invasion shows a statistically significant reduction.
HuR‐positive stress granules: Potential targets for age‐related osteoporosis
Authors: Huai Ying , Wang Xue , Mao Wenjing , Wang Xuehao , Zhao Yipu , Chu Xiaohua , Huang Qian , Ru Kang , Zhang Ling , Li Yu , Chen Zhihao , Qian Airong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAging impairs osteoblast function and bone turnover, resulting in age‐related bone degeneration. Stress granules (SGs) are membrane‐less organelles that assemble in response to stress via the recruitment of RNA‐binding proteins (RBPs), and have emerged as a novel mechanism in age‐related diseases. Here, we identified HuR as a bone‐related RBP that aggregated into SGs and facilitated osteogenesis during aging. HuR‐positive SG formation increased during osteoblast differentiation, and HuR overexpression mitigated the reduction in SG formation observed in senescent osteoblasts. Moreover, HuR positively regulated the mRNA stability and expression of its target β‐catenin by binding and recruiting β‐catenin into SGs. As a potential therapeutic target, HuR activator apigenin (API) enhanced its expression and thus aided osteoblasts differentiation. API treatment increased HuR nuclear export, enhanced the recruitment of β‐catenin into HuR‐positive SGs, facilitated β‐catenin nuclear translocation, and contributed osteogenesis. Our findings highlight the roles of HuR and its SGs in promoting osteogenesis during skeletal aging and lay the groundwork for novel therapeutic strategies against age‐related skeletal disorders.
MicroRNA mediated regulation of oxidative stress and cytokines in Chlamydia trachomatis‐infected recurrent spontaneous abortion: A case‐control study
Authors: Ray Ankita , Pradhan Dibyabhaba , Siraj Fouzia , Arora Renu , Rastogi Sangita 
Published: February 2024

AbstractProblemIncreased oxidative stress (OS) and inflammatory responses are major underlying factors behind Chlamydia trachomatis‐associated recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA). miRNAs are known to regulate inflammation and OS and their dysregulation has been associated with compromised pregnancies. Therefore, aim of this study was to investigate the expression/correlation of OS biomarkers, cytokines and miRNAs in C. trachomatis‐associated RSA.Method of StudyUrine and non‐heparinized blood samples were collected from RSA patients with history of >3 consecutive abortions (cases) and non‐pregnant women with history of >2 successful deliveries (controls) attending Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Safdarjung hospital, New Delhi. C. trachomatis detection was done in urine by PCR. miRNA expression was studied by microarray analysis and validated by real time‐PCR. Evaluation of cytokines and antioxidant genes expression were done by real‐time PCR. Level of OS biomarkers 8‐hydroxy guanosine (8‐OHdG) and 8‐isporostane (8‐IP) were measured by ELISA.ResultsFifty circulating miRNAs were differentially expressed in infected patients compared with controls. Of these, four were overexpressed and 46 downregulated. Thirteen differentially expressed circulating miRNAs were selected to validate microarray results. miRs‐8069, ‐3663‐3p showed maximum upregulation/downregulation in infected versus control group. Expression of cytokines (IL‐8, TNF‐α, IFN‐γ), antioxidant genes SOD2 and OS biomarkers (8‐OHdG,8‐IP) were increased while SOD1 was decreased in infected patients. miR‐8069 showed significant positive correlation with cytokines, SOD2, 8‐OHdG and 8‐IP. miR‐3663‐3p showed significant positive correlation with SOD1.ConclusionsOverall results indicate circulating miRNAs are involved in pathogenesis of C. trachomatis‐associated RSA and are potential modulators of cytokine signalling and OS in infected RSA.
Pregnant individuals with uncomplicated pregnancies display pro‐inflammatory immune changes when exposed to the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Bernier Elsa , Brien Marie‐Eve , Girard Sylvie 
Published: February 2024

AbstractProblemThe COVID‐19 pandemic has been shown to have a detrimental impact on the mental health of pregnant individuals, and chronic stress can alter the immune profile. However, the effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the immune system in pregnancy are still poorly understood. We aimed to evaluate the impact of pandemic exposure on the maternal immune profile in uncomplicated pregnancies.Method of studyWe collected blood and placenta samples from pregnant individuals exposed and unexposed to the pandemic to compare their immune and inflammatory profiles. We performed co‐culture with circulating maternal immune cells and endothelial cells to assess endothelial activation. Statistical analysis was performed using unpaired t‐test, Mann‐Whitney, or Fisher's exact test as appropriate.ResultsIn exposed individuals, we observed a decreased proportion of Th2 cells (p < .0001) and Treg/Th17 ratio (p < .05), as well as an increased Th1/Th2 ratio (p < .0001). Levels of IL‐1β (p < .01) and IL‐18 (p < .01) were increased in the circulation of exposed participants, whilst other mediators were significantly decreased (IFNγ, IL‐8, MCP‐1, amongst others). Furthermore, we observed increased production of ICAM, hallmark of endothelial activation, when we co‐cultured endothelial cells with immune cells from exposed individuals. Vaccination status impacted the cellular profile with increased proportions of Th1 and B cells in vaccinated participants.ConclusionOverall, we observed a pro‐inflammatory bias in the circulation of pregnant individuals exposed to the COVID‐19 pandemic, with otherwise uncomplicated pregnancies. Our work also supports an association between the increased risk of endothelial activation/hypertension and SARS‐CoV2 infection, which might be driven in part by exposure to the pandemic and associated stressors.
Uncertainty in crisis bargaining with multiple policy options
Authors: Kenkel Brenton , Schram Peter 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFormal models commonly characterize interstate bargaining as dichotomous, ending in either war or peace. But there are many forms of coercion—including supporting rebel groups, sanctions, and cyberattacks. How does the availability of intermediate policy options affect the incidence of war and peace? We present an analysis of crisis bargaining models with intermediate policy options that challenges conventional results about the relationship between private information and negotiation outcomes. In our “flexible‐response” modeling framework, unlike in traditional crisis bargaining models, we find that greater private war payoffs may be associated with a lower probability of war or worse settlement values. When intermediate options are available, the relationship between the private efficacy of war and the private efficacy of these other options largely determines equilibrium outcomes. By utilizing the tools of mechanism design, we derive game‐form–free results on how private information shapes international conflict, regardless of the precise negotiating protocol.
Working towards 2030 road safety targets, the need for specific rural and remote children strategies
Authors: Koh Soonho , Kenji Doma , Franklin Richard 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntroductionDespite the importance of child road traffic death, the knowledge about rural child road traffic death in Australia is limited.ObjectiveTo explore the difference of child road traffic death between urban and rural areas.DesignThis study was a retrospective analysis of road traffic death in Australia among children and adolescents aged 0–19 registered between 1 January 2009 and 30 June 2019.ResultsDuring the study period, there were 1757 child road traffic death in Australia, and the crude mortality rate was 2.96 per 100 000 population. The crude mortality rate in remote (8.83 per 100 000 population) and very remote (11.08 per 100 000 population) areas was much higher than major cities (1.83 per 100 000 population), inner regional (5.14 per 100 000 population) and outer regional (5.91 per 100 000 population).ConclusionsSpecific targets are needed to address the burden of child road traffic death in Australia around rurality, as it is a significant risk factor of child road traffic death.