bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards better laparoscopic video segmentation: A class‐wise contrastive learning approach with multi‐scale feature extraction
Authors: Zhang Luyang , Hayashi Yuichiro , Oda Masahiro , Mori Kensaku 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe task of segmentation is integral to computer‐aided surgery systems. Given the privacy concerns associated with medical data, collecting a large amount of annotated data for training is challenging. Unsupervised learning techniques, such as contrastive learning, have shown powerful capabilities in learning image‐level representations from unlabelled data. This study leverages classification labels to enhance the accuracy of the segmentation model trained on limited annotated data. The method uses a multi‐scale projection head to extract image features at various scales. The partitioning method for positive sample pairs is then improved to perform contrastive learning on the extracted features at each scale to effectively represent the differences between positive and negative samples in contrastive learning. Furthermore, the model is trained simultaneously with both segmentation labels and classification labels. This enables the model to extract features more effectively from each segmentation target class and further accelerates the convergence speed. The method was validated using the publicly available CholecSeg8k dataset for comprehensive abdominal cavity surgical segmentation. Compared to select existing methods, the proposed approach significantly enhances segmentation performance, even with a small labelled subset (1–10%) of the dataset, showcasing a superior intersection over union (IoU) score.
A novel vector control strategy for sensorless 3φ induction machines under single‐phase fault
Authors: Taghinezhad Vaskeh Mahaleh Amir Mohamad , Ghanbari Mahmood , Ebrahimi Reza 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSafety and reliability are very important in machine driving systems for many industries. A novel rotor flux‐based Vector Control (VC) strategy for Y‐connected 3φ Induction Machines (IMs) without speed sensor under the Single‐Phase Fault (SPF) is proposed. The sensorless VC technique is based on using Asymmetrical Transformation Matrices (ATMs) for stator voltage and current components as well as an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) for estimation of the speed and d‐q fluxes. Furthermore, a simple model‐based SPF detection mechanism based on the EKF is suggested. The performance of the proposed control scheme for a 1 HP sensorless Y‐connected 3φ IM prototype is validated by several experiments. According to the experimental results, the designed scheme during the SPF has several advantages of improved phase currents and low speed, flux, and torque ripples.
Impact of fragmentation in quantum signal channel of quantum key distribution enabled optical networks
Authors: Sharma Purva , Bhatia Vimal , Prakash Shashi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn QKD‐enabled optical networks (QKD‐enabled ONs), fragmentation is one of the serious issues which can be mitigated through appropriate management of network resources. Thus, efficient allocation of network resources during routing and resource assignment is important to minimise the impact of time slot fragmentation in the quantum signal channel (QSCh) of QKD‐enabled ONs. The authors address the fragmentation problem in the QSCh and propose a new fragmentation‐suppressed routing and resource assignment (FS‐RRA) approach. To evaluate the performance and to analyse the effect of time slot fragmentation in QSCh of QKD‐enabled ONs, the proposed FS‐RRA approach is compared with two existing resource assignment approaches, namely, the first‐fit (FF) and random‐fit (RF) for two different networks. Simulation results show that the proposed approach reduces fragmentation by 2.97% and 6.69% for NSFNET and 1.77% and 5.91% for UBN24 in terms of external fragmentation compared to FF and RF, respectively. Furthermore, the proposed approach reduces blocking by 4.03% and 14.28% for NSFNET and 2.61% and 13.44% for UBN24 and improves resource utilisation up to 3.44% and 5.96% for NSFNET and 3.08% and 7.64% for UBN24 compared to FF and RF, respectively.
Mainlobe and sidelobe jamming suppression method based on distributed array radar with eigen‐projection matrix processing and null constraints
Authors: Han Bowen , Yang Xiaopeng , Lv Qiang , Li Wolin , Zhang Zhengyan , Zhong Shichao 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe jamming in electronic warfare environment significantly degrades the performance of the radar system, especially the mainlobe jamming. The distributed array radar can suppress the mainlobe jamming by increasing the array aperture with auxiliary arrays. However, when the aperture of an auxiliary array is smaller than that of the main array, it results in residual jamming in auxiliary arrays after beamforming and affects the performance of the radar system. To tackle this issue, a mainlobe and sidelobe jamming joint suppression method with eigen‐projection matrix processing (EMP) and null constraints is proposed. In the proposed method, firstly, the adaptive beamforming with EMP is performed in main and auxiliary arrays to suppress the sidelobe jamming with mainlobe maintenance. Then, the null constraints based on the Capon spectrum of main array are applied to suppress the residual jamming in auxiliary arrays. Finally, the minimum mean square error (MMSE) beamforming is utilised to cancel the mainlobe jamming. Simulation results demonstrate the jamming suppression performance of the proposed method.
Surgical Treatment of Hemifacial Spasm via Microvascular Decompression of a Large, Ectatic Vertebral Artery
Authors: Bauman Megan M. , Carlstrom Lucas P. , Link Michael J. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHemifacial spasm is a neuromuscular disorder caused by compression of the facial nerve at the nerve root entry zone, often due to ectatic or aberrant vasculature. Pathologic compression of the nerve–brainstem interface results in involuntary, paroxysmal contractions of ipsilateral facial muscles that may cause considerable impairments in quality of life. For those with severe symptoms, have positive imaging demonstrating vascular compression, or who fail other management modalities,1
2
3
4 microvascular decompression offers potential definitive treatment.5
6 Traditionally, nonabsorbable packing agent is used to pack between the nerve and offending vascular structure. However, for large and more complex arterial structures, simple nonabsorbable padding is often not sufficient.In this operative video, we demonstrate microvascular decompression for intractable hemifacial spasm in a 52-year-old female using a specialized sling tacked to the petrous dura for management of a large, ectatic vertebral artery. Following a standard left retrosigmoid craniotomy, an atheromatous ectatic vertebral artery was identified. We fashioned a bovine pericardium sling around the vessel and used a permanent aneurysm clip to secure it to an incision portion of petrous dura. We subsequently identified potential additional facial nerve root compression by anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) and posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) branches, which were elevated and secured using Teflon felt packing. Following elevation of all three vessels, the lateral spread response resolved. At 2 weeks postoperatively, the patient reported substantial relief in her hemifacial spasms and endorsed highly improved quality of life.
Nickel-Catalyzed Synthesis of Benzylamines from (Hetero)aryl Halides and Glycine-Derived N-Hydroxyphthalimide Esters
Authors: Huestis Malcolm P. , Choi Eun Seo , Rousseaux Sophie A. L. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA nickel-catalyzed aminomethylation of aryl or heteroaryl iodides or bromides for the preparation of protected primary benzylamines is reported. This cross-electrophile reductive protocol engages carbamate-protected, glycine-derived N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHP) esters in an efficient decarboxylative cross-coupling in only two hours. The catalyst and NHP ester reagents are commercially available or can be synthesized in one step on a decagram scale with no chromatography.
Effects of EPs 7630 on Illness Absence from Childcare or School due to Acute Bronchitis—A Meta-analysis
Authors: Zwiauer Karl , Funk Petra , Zimmermann Andrea , Lehmacher Walter , Kamin Wolfgang 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Objective In the pediatric population, acute bronchitis (AB) is a leading cause of illness absence from childcare, school, or apprenticeship. We report a meta-analysis of double-blind, randomized trials with children and adolescents with AB (aged 1–18 years), who were treated with Pelargonium extract EPs 7630 or placebo for 7 days.
Methods The average number of days absent from childcare, school, or apprenticeship due to illness and the proportion of patients still unable to return to their normal activities at treatment end were assessed.
Results Literature search identified two eligible trials with a total of 420 patients. Illness absence was reported for all but two patients under placebo at baseline and for 46.7% (EPs 7630) and 85.0% (placebo) of patients at day 7. Meta-analysis risk ratio for absence at day 7 was 0.55 (95% confidence interval: 0.47, 0.64) for all patients, 0.59 (0.46, 0.76) for children younger than 6 years, and 0.53 (0.44, 0.64) for participants aged 6 to 18 years, all favoring EPs 7630. Compared with placebo, average time until return to normal activities was reduced by EPs 7630 by 1.51 (1.16, 1.86) days for all subjects, by 1.50 (0.92, 20.7) days for those younger than 6 years, and by 1.54 (1.11, 1.97) days for those 6 to 18 years of age (p < 0.001 favoring EPs 7630 for all treatment group comparisons shown).
Conclusion For children and adolescents with AB, meta-analysis shows that EPs 7630 treatment for 7 days significantly reduces the average time of illness absence and significantly increases the proportion of patients able to return to normal activities within 1 week.
Digital financial development and inefficient investment: a study based on the dual perspectives of resource and governance effects
Authors: Xue Liuyang , Dong Junan , Jiang Shiyao 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAs one of the most crucial domains within the digital economy, digital finance has garnered significant attention due to its impact on firms. This study empirically examines the influence of digital finance on inefficient investment, using a sample of Chinese non-financial firms from 2011 to 2019. Results show that digital finance effectively mitigates firm inefficient investment, with a more pronounced effect observed in non-state firms and those operating in regions with higher levels of institutional development. Mechanism analysis demonstrates that digital finance mitigates inefficient investment through resource and governance effects. Further analysis shows that the breadth of coverage, use depth, and digital support services of digital finance all contribute to reducing inefficient investment. Moreover, digital finance enhances the willingness and ability of firms to invest and improves their overall investment levels. These results provide evidence for the positive impact of digital finance in mitigating inefficient investment.
Computational complexity in analogue gravity
Authors: Parvizi Shahrokh , Shahbazi Mojtaba 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Analogue gravity helps to find some gravitational systems which are similar to the evolution of perturbation in condensed matter systems. These analogies provide a very good tool for either side. In other words, some aspects of gravity could be simulated in condensed matter laboratories. In this study, we find an interpretation for computational complexity in condensed matter systems in terms of the flux density of the fluid and the analogue of the uncertainty principle as the Lloyd bound. We show that the Lloyd bound is reduced to the shear viscosity to entropy ratio (SVER). It has been revealed that the analogue gravity is a fluid located at a time-like finite cut-off surface (call it the bulk fluid) and we found the relation between SVER of the analogue gravity and the boundary fluid. Then we see that whenever the Kovtun–Son–Starinet (KSS) bound is satisfied in the boundary fluid, the KSS bound could be either satisfied in the bulk fluid or not; in addition, when the KSS bound is violated in the boundary fluid, then the KSS bound is violated in the bulk fluid. In other words the satisfaction of the KSS bound in the boundary fluid is a necessary condition for the satisfaction of the KSS bound in the bulk fluid.
Direct voxel classification from x-ray projections for 3D pore detection applied to laser sintered parts
Authors: Bellens Simon , Guerrero Patricio , Janssens Michel , Vandewalle Patrick , Dewulf Wim 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
X-ray computed tomography (XCT) is a validated and frequently used tool to verify part geometry and to perform a non-destructive inspection of additive manufacturing parts. However, the acquisition of a large number of x-ray projections generates long inspection times. This conflicts with a high throughput of the production process and hinders the integration of XCT as an in-line quality control procedure for low-end parts. In this paper, we propose a method to obtain three-dimensional (3D) information of the internal pores from a limited view or limited angle scan. The method combines a forward projection model of a cone-beam x-ray system and a deep learning neural network to directly classify each individual voxel, based on the x-ray projections in order to avoid the reconstruction and segmentation step. Accompanying reconstruction artifacts for limited view and limited angle XCT scans are thereby reduced, while preserving 3D information of the pores, defects or inclusions inside the material. The method is validated on real x-ray projections of polymer laser sintered industrial parts and shows a significant reduction in the required x-ray projections, hence acquisition time.
SISS-MCO: large scale sparsity-induced spot selection for fast and fully-automated robust multi-criteria optimisation of proton plans
Authors: Kong W , Oud M , Habraken S J M , Huiskes M , Astreinidou E , Rasch C R N , Heijmen B J M , Breedveld S 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective. Intensity modulated proton therapy (IMPT) is an emerging treatment modality for cancer. However, treatment planning for IMPT is labour-intensive and time-consuming. We have developed a novel approach for multi-criteria optimisation (MCO) of robust IMPT plans (SISS-MCO) that is fully automated and fast, and we compare it for head and neck, cervix, and prostate tumours to a previously published method for automated robust MCO (IPBR-MCO, van de Water 2013). Approach. In both auto-planning approaches, the applied automated MCO of spot weights was performed with wish-list driven prioritised optimisation (Breedveld 2012). In SISS-MCO, spot weight MCO was applied once for every patient after sparsity-induced spot selection (SISS) for pre-selection of the most relevant spots from a large input set of candidate spots. IPBR-MCO had several iterations of spot re-sampling, each followed by MCO of the weights of the current spots. Main results. Compared to the published IPBR-MCO, the novel SISS-MCO resulted in similar or slightly superior plan quality. Optimisation times were reduced by a factor of 6 i.e. from 287 to 47 min. Numbers of spots and energy layers in the final plans were similar. Significance. The novel SISS-MCO automatically generated high-quality robust IMPT plans. Compared to a published algorithm for automated robust IMPT planning, optimisation times were reduced on average by a factor of 6. Moreover, SISS-MCO is a large scale approach; this enables optimisation of more complex wish-lists, and novel research opportunities in proton therapy.
Low-pressure inductively coupled plasmas in hydrogen: impact of gas heating on the spatial distribution of atomic hydrogen and vibrationally excited states
Authors: Smith Gregory J , Diomede Paola , Gibson Andrew R , Doyle Scott J , Guerra Vasco , Kushner Mark J , Gans Timo , Dedrick James P 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Non-equilibrium inductively coupled plasmas (ICPs) operating in hydrogen are of significant interest for applications including large-area materials processing. Increasing control of spatial gas heating, which drives the formation of neutral species density gradients and the rate of gas-temperature-dependent reactions, is critical. In this study, we use 2D fluid-kinetic simulations with the Hybrid Plasma Equipment Model to investigate the spatially resolved production of atomic hydrogen in a low-pressure planar ICP operating in pure hydrogen (10–20 Pa or 0.075–0.15 Torr, 300 W). The reaction set incorporates self-consistent calculation of the spatially resolved gas temperature and 14 vibrationally excited states. We find that the formation of neutral-gas density gradients, which result from spatially non-uniform electrical power deposition at constant pressure, can drive significant variations in the vibrational distribution function and density of atomic hydrogen when gas heating is spatially resolved. This highlights the significance of spatial gas heating on the production of reactive species in relatively high-power-density plasma processing sources.
Off-diagonal long-range order in arrays of dipolar droplets
Authors: Bombín R , Mazzanti F , Boronat J 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We report quantum Monte Carlo results of harmonically confined quantum Bose dipoles within a range of interactions covering the evolution from a gas phase to the formation of an array of droplets. Scaling the experimental setup to a computationally accessible domain we characterize that evolution in qualitative agreement with experiments. Our microscopic approach generates ground-state results free from approximations, albeit with some controlled statistical noise. The simultaneous estimation of the static structure factor and the one-body density matrix allows for a better knowledge of the quantum coherence between droplets. Our results show a narrow window of interaction strengths where diagonal and off-diagonal long-range order can coexist. This domain, which is the key signal of a supersolid state, is reduced with respect to the one predicted by the extended Gross–Pitaevskii equation. Differences are probably due to an increase of attraction in our model, observed previously in the calculation of critical atom numbers for single dipolar drops.
Analysis of the structural complexity of Crab Nebula observed at radio frequency using a multifractal approach
Authors: Langlen Chanu Athokpam , Chingangbam Pravabati , Rahman Fazlu , Brojen Singh R K , Kharb Preeti 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The Crab Nebula is an astrophysical system that exhibits complex morphological patterns at different observing frequencies. We carry out a systematic investigation of the structural complexity of the nebula using publicly available imaging data at radio frequency. For the analysis, we use the well-known multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis in two dimensions. We find that radio data exhibit long-range correlations, as expected from the underlying physics of the supernova explosion and evolution. The correlations follow a power-law scaling with length scales. The structural complexity is found to be multifractal in nature, as evidenced by the dependence of the generalized Hurst exponent on the order of the moments of the detrended fluctuation function. By repeating the analysis on shuffled data, we further probe the origin of the multifractality in the radio imaging data. For the radio data, we find that the probability density function is close to a Gaussian form. Hence, the multifractal behavior is due to the differing nature of long-range correlations of the large and small detrended fluctuation field values. We investigate the multifractal parameters across different partitions of the radio image and find that the structures across the image are highly heterogeneous, making the Crab Nebula a structurally complex astrophysical system. Our analysis thus provides a fresh perspective on the morphology of the Crab Nebula from a complexity science viewpoint.
Clinical and pathologic features of Sturge-Weber syndrome in patients with refractory epilepsy
Authors: Duan Zejun , Xu Ke , Xie Mingguo , Tian Xiaolin , Wang Xiongfei , Feng Jing , Guan Yuguang , Zhou Jian , Luan Guoming , Qi Xueling , Lu Dehong 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objectives
We aimed to investigate the clinicopathologic features of and genetic changes in Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS) in patients with refractory epilepsy.

Methods
Clinical data were retrospectively analyzed. H&E and immunohistochemistry were performed to assess pathologic changes. Targeted amplicon sequencing was applied to investigate the somatic GNAQ (c.548G&gt;A) mutation. The potential predictors of seizure outcomes were estimated by univariate and multivariate statistical analyses.

Results
Forty-eight patients with SWS and refractory epilepsy were enrolled. According to the imaging data and pathologic examination, ipsilateral hippocampal sclerosis (HS), calcification of leptomeningeal arteries, and focal cortical dysplasia were found in 14 (29.2%), 31 (64.6%), and 37 (77.1%) patients, respectively. A high frequency of GNAQ alteration was detected in both cerebral cortex (57.7%) and ipsilateral hippocampus (50.0%) from patients with SWS. During follow-up, 43 of 48 patients (85.4%) had achieved seizure control (Engel class I). Statistically, HS signs on imaging were found to be independent predictors of unfavorable seizure outcomes (P = .015).

Conclusions
Calcification of leptomeningeal arteries, focal cortical dysplasia, and GNAQ alteration are common features in SWS pathology. Patients with refractory epilepsy caused by SWS can achieve satisfactory seizure control after surgery, but seizure control was compromised in patients with comorbid HS.
Potential Anomalous Findings on the Cerberus Subtest of the TEACh 2 in a Pediatric Neuro-Oncology Cohort
Authors: Verity Sarah J , Hagan Alexander J , Kearney Anna , Waern Susanna 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Introduction
The Test of Everyday Attention for Children 2 (TEA-Ch 2) is a rigorously tested measure of attention, often used in pediatric neuro-oncology settings. Data from one Primary Treatment Centre found a high proportion of children scored in the highest range on the Cerberus subtest. This brief report attempts to answer the question: Does the Cerberus subtest of the TEA-Ch 2 provide outlying scores in the pediatric neuro-oncology population?

Methods
Data representing 62 Cerberus assessments from four primary treatment centers were analyzed.

Results
Data showed a substantially higher level of performance on the Cerberus subtest compared to other TEA-Ch2 subtests. Scores were not only higher than expected relative to children’s performance on other subtests but also higher than would be expected in the general population.

Discussion
Within our data, performance on the Cerberus subset of the TEA-Ch 2 yields somewhat questionable data from which to draw conclusions regarding sustained attentional ability in a pediatric neuro-oncology cohort.