bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE PLASMA HALF‐LIFE OF PLACENTAL HORMONES
Authors: Klopper A. , Buchan P. , Wilson G. 
Published: August 2005

SummayBlood was collected from 12 women following Caesarean section or normal delivery at term. The decline in plasma concentration of total oestriol, oestriol sulphate, oestriol glucosiduronate, unconjugated oestriol, human placental lactogen and pregnancy specific β1 glycoprotein following delivery of the placenta was studied for 120 hours. The steroids and human placental lactogen fell very rapidly but pregnancy specific β1 glycoprotein declined much more slowly. Analysis of the curves of puerperal decline suggests that the oestriol moieties are distributed in many compartments of the mother but that the proteins penetrate only to the plasma and the interstitial fluid.
BLOOD PRESSURE IN THE ARM AND LEG IN LATE PREGNANCY
Authors: Naftalin A. A. , Hart W. G. , Walters W. A. W. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryArm and leg blood pressures were measured by an indirect sphygmomanometric method in 12 women in late pregnancy and the results were compared with those in 12 matched non‐pregnant women. In most of the pregnant women the diastolic blood pressure measured in the leg fell significantly with a change in posture from the supine to lateral position. In contrast, no significant change was observed in arm blood pressure with postural change after correcting for hydrostatic pressure difference. The interpretation of these findings is discussed with particular reference to methodology of blood pressure measurement.
THE EFFECT OF LOW HAEMATOCRIT ON SERUM HUMAN PLACENTAL LACTOGEN VALUES
Authors: Agboola A. 
Published: August 2005

SummarySerial determinations of serum human placental lactogen (HPL) levels in women with haematocrit values of 28 per cent or less between 18 and 30 weeks gestation have been compared with the controls who had haematocrit values of 35 per cent or more. The women with low haematocrit values were found to have significantly raised HPL levels throughout the period of study. The placenta was significantly heavier in the anaemic group (P < 0.01) but there was no significant difference in birth weights of the infants. It would seem that caution should be exercised in using HPL values as an index of placental function in anaemic women.
CHANGES IN SALIVARY PEROXIDASE AND POLYMORPHONUCLEAR NEUTROPHIL LEUCOCYTE ENZYME ACTIVITIES DURING THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE
Authors: Cockle S. M. , Harkeness R. A. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryAn elevation in salivary peroxidase activity has been found about the time of ovulation in 14 menstrual cycles in a total of six women. This peak coincided with the ovulatory luteinizing hormone (LH) and oestrogen peak in the four cycles in which endocrine studies were performed. Rises in some polymorphonuclear neutrophil leucocyte enzymes were also seen around ovulation. The possible use of changes in salivary peroxidase as a method for detection of ovulation is discussed.
THE VALUE OF CARDIOTOCOGRAPHY IN ABRUPTIO PLACENTAE
Authors: Saunderson P. R. , Steer P. J. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe main indication for Caesarean section in cases of placental abruption is fetal distress. We report a patient in whom clinical examination, including auscultation of the fetal heart, suggested a mild haemorrhage, which would normally have been managed conservatively, but continuous fetal heart rate monitoring showed severe asphyxia, necessitating emergency Caesarean section at which a large concealed haemorrhage was found.
A COMPARISON OF BIPARIETAL DIAMETER MEASUREMENTS USING A REAL‐TIME SCANNER AND A CONVENTIONAL SCANNER EQUIPPED WITH A CODED CEPHALOMETRY SYSTEM
Authors: Adam A. H. , Robinson H. P. , Fleming J. E. E. , Hall A. J. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryIn 131 patients a comparison was made between measurements obtained using a real‐time scanner and those obtained using a Conventional ‘B’ scanner with an attached ‘coded cephalometry system’: 69 per cent of the readings agreed within ±2 mm and, when the ‘B’ scan reading was considered ‘good’, 90 per cent fell within this range. Between 14 and 28 weeks, gestational age diagnoses using the two methods were within one week of each other in 88 of 89 patients.
ADIPOSE TISSUE METABOLISM IN PREGNANCY: THE LIPOLYTIC EFFECT OF HUMAN PLACENTAL LACTOGEN
Authors: Williams Christine , Coltart T. M 
Published: August 2005

Summary In vitro adipose tissue lipolysis was investigated in pregnant and non‐pregnant women. Basal and hormone‐stimulated rates of lipolysis were significantly higher in the pregnant group. Human placental lactogen (HPL) was shown to be lipolytic on adipose tissue from both pregnant and non‐pregnant women; the response being more marked in the pregnant group. We postulate that HPL is responsible for this increased lipolytic sensitivity in pregnancy, the result of which is the elevation in levels of plasma free fatty acids in the third trimester.
ASSESSMENT OF OVARIAN FUNCTION IN PERIMENOPAUSAL WOMEN AFTER STOPPING ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES
Authors: Donald R. A. , Baker D. A. , Metcalf M. G. , Turner E. D. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryOvarian function was assessed by measuring plasma gonadotrophins, urinary oestrogen and urinary pregnanediol levels, every week for four weeks, in 34 women, aged 45 to 57 years, after withdrawal of oral contraceptive therapy. A rise in urinary pregnanediol excretion occurred in 14 patients suggesting that ovulation had occurred and that these patients were‘premenopausal'. Elevated serum gonadotrophin values and persistently low urinary oestrogen and pregnanediol excretion occurred in 13 patients suggesting ovarian failure or a‘postmenopausal’state. However, one apparently‘postmenopausal’patient later showed hormonal evidence of ovulation, indicating fluctuation in ovarian function. There were 7 patients with‘indeterminate’hormone profiles whose ovarian function was difficult to assess. All patients excreting more than 45 nmol of oestrogen a day had a spontaneous period within 45 days of stopping hormone therapy.
HAEMOGLOBIN AIc (GLYCOHAEMOGLOBIN) IN DIABETIC PREGNANCY: AN INDICATOR OF GLUCOSE CONTROL AND FETAL SIZE
Authors: Widness J. A. , Schwartz H. C. , Thompson Diana , Kahn C. B. , Oh W. , Schwatrz R. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryHaemoglobin AI, (Hb AIc), a glycohaemoglobin present in normal human blood, is elevated in glucose intolerant individuals. In non‐pregnant diabetic subjects, a direct relationship has been established between per cent Hb AIc and blood and urinary glucose levels over weeks and months. In this study, Hb AI, level and mean random blood glucose concentration in the third trimester of pregnancy were found to correlate directly in 12 diabetic women without vascular disease (Pt0.001). In this same group of women, third trimester Hb AIc levels also correlated significantly with infant birth weight (P<O ·05) and birth weight adjusted for gestational age (P<O·Ol). Finally, third trimester mean blood glucose concentrations also correlated directly with birth weight (P t O ·05) and adjusted birth weight (P <0·001). In pregnancies complicated by diabetes, rigid glucose control has been recommended to achieve optimal fetal and maternaloutcomes. Hb AI, is a new tool with which to assess blood glucose control during diabetic pregnancy.
THE ROLE OF THYROID STIMULATING IMMUNOGLOBULINS OF GRAVES'S DISEASE IN NEONATAL THYROTOXICOSIS
Authors: Munro D. S. , Dirmikis S. M. , Humphries H. , Smith T. , Broadhead G. D. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryGraves's disease is characterized by hyperthyroidism, a diffuse, uniform enlargement of the thyroid gland and marked eye signs. It is now widely believed that the thyroid overactivity of Graves's disease is a result of the presence in the circulation of abnormal thyroid stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIg). TSIg are transferred from mother to fetus and cause neonatal thyrotoxicosis in around 1 per cent of babies born to mothers who have a history of Graves's disease. Because TSIg may persist in the maternal circulation after successful treatment of Graves's disease by partial thyroidectomy, neonatal thyrotoxicosis may occur in babies born to mothers who have been euthyroid throughout pregnancy. In our study, 9 of 12 examples of neonatal thyrotoxicosis encountered in 96 pregnancies occurred in babies born to mothers who were thought to be thyrotoxic at some stage during the pregnancy. Two main categories of TSIg are recognized: the long‐acting thyroid stimulator (LATS) and LATS‐protector (LATS‐P) both of which were assayed in maternal serum samples withdrawn during the third trimester. Levels in maternal and cord blood were similar. The critical level of TSIg causing neonatal thyrotoxicosis appeared to be 10 units/ml and above 20 units/ml the babies were always thyrotoxic at birth.
NFUROFIBROMATOSIS AND PREGNANCY
Authors: Jarvis G. J. , Crompton A. C. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryTen patients with neurofibromatosis were studied in 27 pregnancies. Two of the patients had evidence of pre‐eclampsia in their first pregnancy but not in subsequent ones. In all other pregnancies, no adverse features were noted. It would seem that neurofibromatosis is not specifically associated with any obstetric complications. The need for further reporting of cases is stressed.
URINARY OESTROGEN AND PREGNANEDIOL EXCRETION, ENDOMETRIAL AND OVARIAN PATHOLOGY AND BODY WEIGHT IN WOMEN WITH POSTMENOPAUSAL BLEEDING
Authors: Reti L. L. , Rome R. M. , Brown J. B. , Fortune D. W. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryUrinary oestrogen and pregnanediol excretion in 102 women who had a curettage for postmenopausal bleeding was correlated with the histological appearance of the endometrium, with age and with weight, and were compared with the values obtained in 42 normal postmenopausal women. The 36 patients with proliferative and hyperplastic endometrium and the 16 patients with endometrial carcinoma had significantly higher oestrogen excretion than the controls. The 27 patients with atrophic endometrium had only slightly higher mean oestrogen values than the controls. Twenty‐three patients had taken hormones and the 20 patients who bled during treatment had the same urinary hormone values as the controls (excluding three patients with ovarian and/or endometrial carcinoma). The ovaries were examined in 37 patients who had a total hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy. Significantly higher oestrogen values were found in those patients with ovarian tumours in which the stroma showed hyperplasia. When an ovarian tumour was associated with normal stroma or when the ovary showed cortical stromal hyperplasia without a tumour, urinary hormone values were normal. Oestrogen excretion and age were not related, but a correlation was found between oestrogen excretion and body weight.
REMOVAL OF INTRA‐ABDOMINAL INTRAUTERINE CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES
Authors: Osborne J. L. , Bennett M. J. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThirteen cases of misplaced intrauterine contraceptive devices removed from the abdominal cavity over a two year period at the Chelsea Hospital for Women, are reviewed. Five of the six plastic devices were removable laparoscopically but all the copper containing devices required a laparotomy for removal because of an omental or peritoneal reaction.
MATERNAL SERUM ALPHA‐FETOPROTEIN SCREENING IN A PROVINCIAL HEALTH DISTRICT
Authors: Woolfson J. , Holt E. M. , Whyman A. E. , Mabbs D. V. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryMaternal serum alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) estimation as a routine screening test for neural tube defect (NTD) was introduced into the West Berkshire Health District, where 17 per cent of all deliveries and most of the antenatal care is under‐taken by the general practitioners. In the first year, 4458 patients were screened and 43 of those (0.96 per cent) had raised serum AFP levels. Amniocentesis was performed on 31 patients (0.69 per cent). Ten fetuses with severe NTDs and one with exomphalos were detected and the pregnancies terminated. In six patients, raised serum AFP levels were due to fetal death. No normal pregnancy was terminated. Acceptability by patients was high. Provided that a good diagnostic ultrasound facility is available locally, maternal serum AFP estimation seemed to be a valuable screening test.
THE COMPARTMENTAL DISTRIBUTION OF OESTROGENS AND PREGNANCY SPECIFIC β1 GLYCOPROTEIN.
Authors: Smith R. , Klopper A. , Hughes G. , Wilson G. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryPregnancy specific β1 glycoprotein (PSβ1, G), unconjugated oestriol, total oestriol and oestradiol were measured in the peripheral venous blood of 25 pregnant women. The results were compared with similar measurements in maternal tissue fluid, cerebrospinal fluid, and uterine vein blood; or with retroplacental blood, umbilical cord blood, and amniotic fluid. The highest mean concentration of PSβ1G occurred in maternal venous blood and was 17.37 (SD 7.07) mg/dl. The mean peritoneal value was 21 per cent of the mean peripheral vein value. Two tissue fluid values were 32 per cent and 5 per cent of the corresponding peripheral vein values. No measurable amount of PSβ1G was found in maternal cerebrospinal fluid and cord artery. Unconjugated oestriol was found in highest concentration in retroplacental blood. The concentration fell from here to contiguous compartments. An exchange between these compartments was suggested by significant correlations in their oestriol content. Conjugated forms of oestriol, as represented by the measurement of total oestriol, were present in highest concentration on the fetal side in cord arterial blood, but could be found in all other compartments. Oestradiol appeared in highest concentrations in retroplacental blood. Low values of oestradiol were found in the fetal compartment. Correlations between maternal compartments were few and this was considered evidence of impeded transmission between these compartments.
METABOLISM OF DIPHENYLHYDANTOIN (PHENYTOIN) DURING PREGNANCY
Authors: Landon M. J. , Kirkley Maureen 
Published: August 2005

SummaryPlasma levels of diphenylhydantoin (DPH) and the 24 hour urinary excretion of both DPH and its major metabolite 5‐(p‐hydroxyphenyl)‐phenylhydantoin (HPPH) were measured serially during pregnancy in a group of five unselected epileptic patients. Plasma DPH levels fell and on average were some 40 per cent lower at term than they had been in early pregnancy. With one exception, the patients were well controlled during pregnancy but two patients who regularly had plasma DPH levels below 10 μ/ml both suffered seizures in the puerperium. There was no convincing change in the excretion of either DPH or HPPH which together accounted for less than half the administered dose. Gestational length exceeded 41 weeks in 4 of the 5 patients studied but all were delivered of normal healthy infants, of average birthweight, with no congenital defects or clotting disorders.
GIANT CELL ARTERITIS OF THE FEMALE GENITAL TRACT
Authors: Petrides M. , Robertson I. G. , Fox H. 
Published: August 2005

summaryIn a patient who had a hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy for endometrial adenocarcinoma, a giant cell arteritis was found in many of the myometrial and tuba1 vessels and in a few of the small arteries of the cervix and ovaries. On subsequent questioning, a history of treatment for polymyalgia rheumatica during the preceding 12 months was elicited. Of the three previously reported patients with giant cell arteritis of the uterus, two were suffering from polymyalgia rheumatica whilst one possibIy had disseminated visceral giant cell arteritis.
PROTEASE INHIBITORS IN SERUM AND AMNIOTIC FLUID DURING PREGNANCY
Authors: Ramesh Bhat A. , Isaac Vimala , Pattabiraman T. N. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryAntitryptic and antichymotryptic activities in amniotic fluid and maternal serum were measured at various stages of pregnancy using the caseinolytic assay method for proteases. The inhibitory activities increased up to 20 weeks in amniotic fluid and remained in the same range up to 30 weeks; a sharp fall was observed at term. In serum, there was a gradual rise of activities with peak values around 30 weeks. The decrease with further advance of pregnancy was not as sharp as in amniotic fluid. The ratios of antitryptic to antichymotryptic activities remained fairly constant (1 54±0.07) in amniotic fluid throughout pregnancy. In maternal serum the ratio varied over a range of 1.28 to 2.67 and the increase in antichymotryptic activity was relatively greater between 16 and 30 weeks resulting in a lower ratio between the two activities. Amniotic fluid was found to contain a higher proportion of a heat stable inhibitor compared to serum and its contribution to total antitryptic activity variedfrom8.7 to 15.6 percent.
AN EXTRAPERITONEAL OPERATION FOR VAGINAL VAULT SUSPENSION TO THE ANTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL
Authors: Javey H. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA completely extraperitoneal abdomino‐vaginal operation for vaginal inversion, using Mersilene mesh, is described. There were no major postoperative complications and at follow‐up of the 13 patients at 10 to 26 months after operation the results were satisfactory.
MIXED MESENCHYMAL SARCOMA OF THE BROAD LIGAMENT CASE REPORT
Authors: Sworn M. J. , Hammond G. T. , Buchanan Rose 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA 55‐year‐old patient who presented with a pelvic mass was found to have a mixed mesenchymal sarcoma of the broad ligament. The histogenesis and diagnostic criteria of this rare tumour are discussed.
AMNIOCENTESIS WITH AND WITHOUT ULTRASOUND GUIDANCE
Authors: Crandon A. J. , Peel K. R. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe increasing use of amniocentesis requires that the technique be made as safe as possible. The results of 284 amniocenteses done under ultrasound control are presented and compared with the results of 140 amniocenteses performed without ultrasound control. The use of ultrasound guidance increased the success rate from 80 to 99.6 per cent and decreased the incidence of feto‐maternal haemorrhage from 8.5 to 2.8 per cent. The incidence of blood‐stained amniotic fluid was reduced from 43.5 to 17.6 per cent. The clinical significance of these findings is discussed and the results interpreted as indicating that amniocentesis done with ultrasound guidance is a safer and less traumatic procedure.
THE INCIDENCE OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF FETAL MOVEMENTS DURING PREGNANCY
Authors: Sadovsky E. , Laufer N. , Allen J. W. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryIn high risk pregnancies with severe fetal distress, a reduction of fetal movements may take place before fetal death occurs. This decrease is accompanied by a weakening of the fetal movements. One hundred and twenty pregnant women (310 recordings) between 20 and 41 weeks gestation recorded fetal movements and classified them into weak, strong, and rolling. The movements noted by the woman were correlated to those recorded by a fetal movements recorder. The rate of weak movements gradually decreased until the 36 to 37th week, while the strong and rolling movements increased. From the 36 to 37th week till term weak movements increased again with a decline in strong and rolling movements. Before fetal death, or in severe fetal distress with decreased total movements, the relative rate of weak movements increased. Reduction in daily total movements without a change in the distribution of the type of movement may not indicate fetal distress.
PROSTAGLANDIN E2 TABLETS USED INTRAVAGINALLY FOR THE INDUCTION OF LABOUR
Authors: Gordon‐Wright A. P. , Elder M. G. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryProstaglandin E2 tablets were administered intravaginally to 505 patients for the induction of labour, without amniotomy, using doses ranging from 1 to 5 mg as a single insertion. The advantages and limitations of this method of induction of labour are discussed.
THE EFFECT OF DANAZOL ON MENORRHAGIA, COAGULATION MECHANISMS, HAEMATOLOGICAL INDICES AND BODY WEIGHT
Authors: Chimbira T. H. , Cope E. , Anderson Anne B. M. , Bolton F. G. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryEighteen patients with objective evidence of menorrhagia (more than 80 ml menstrual blood loss) were treated with danazol for twelve weeks. Danazol significantly reduced the menstrual blood loss from 231±39 ml (mean±SEM) to 135±33 ml in the first treatment month and the mean loss thereafter was only 21 ml and 3 ml for the second and third months respectively. A rapid increase in haemoglobin level and a reduction in the number of days of bleeding were also observed on danazol treatment. No important effect on the coagulation profile was observed during the period of study. Three months after stopping danazol, menstrual blood loss (103±27 ml) was still significantly less than the pre‐treatment loss.
PLASMA FERRITIN LEVELS AS AN INDEX OF IRON DEFICIENCY IN WOMEN USING INTRAUTERINE DEVICES
Authors: Guillebaud J. , Barnett Myra D. , Gordon Y. B. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryForty‐seven women were studied before and for one year after insertion of an intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD). The menstrual blood loss increased in 44 subjects (94 per cent), and this was related to the surface area of the IUCD. Plasma ferritin levels in the iron deficient range (below 16 ug/l) were present in 9 subjects (19 per cent) before insertion of the IUCD, whereas by the end of one year, 21 subjects (45 per cent) had reached these levels. The incidence of depressed ferritin levels was highest in subjects with a monthly blood loss exceeding 80 ml. The haemoglobin, mean corpuscular haemoglobin and mean corpuscular volume measurements declined progressively, but were less sensitive predictors of iron deficiency. These findings indicate the need to monitor iron status and administer oral iron replacement therapy in subjects with an IUCD.
INTRAPARTUM FETAL MONITORING PRACTICE IN THE UNITED KINGDOM
Authors: Gillmer M. D. G. , Combe D. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryIn September 1978 a postal survey was made to establish the influence of continuous fetal heart rate monitoring on clinical practice in 264 Consultant Obstetric Units in the United Kingdom. Replies were received from 244 units (92·4 per cent) and only one of these did not possess any fetal heart monitors. The approximate percentage of patients monitored during labour in these units displayed a bimodal distribution with peaks at 20 to 30 and 80 to 90 per cent, reflecting a division of opinion about the need to monitor all or only ‘high risk’ patients. For each hospital the ratio of the numbers of patients delivered during 1977 to the number of monitors was calculated and the values ranged from 172 to 2708. In nearly 25 per cent of the hospitals it was not possible to monitor all high risk patients. Fetal blood pH estimation was used in conjunction with fetal heart rate measurement in 98 hospitals (40·2 per cent) but 38 (15·6 per cent) had a pH meter in or adjacent to the labour ward although this was not used for pH estimation. Midwives were taught to apply fetal scalp electrodes in half of the units but were taught to collect fetal blood samples in only two. It is suggested that there is a need (i) to improve the monitoring facilities in many units, (ii) to encourage midwives to become more involved in practical monitoring techniques and (iii) to develop improved methods for fetal pH determination during labour.
THE EFFECTS OF ERGOMETRINE ON THE LOWER OESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER TONE AT CAESAREAN SECTION
Authors: Dimopoulos G. E. , Brock‐Utne J. G. , Downing J. W. , Edwards H. , Moshal M. G. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe effect of intravenous ergometrine 0.5 mg during general anaesthesia for Caesarean section on lower oesophageal sphincter (LOS) function was investigated in eight patients. Ergometrine increased the LOS pressure markedly (p <0.005).