bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spektrum Laplace Graf Mahkota dan Graf Benteng
Authors: Triyani Triyani , Oktriyansa Resa , Nurshiami Siti Rahma 
Published: January 2025

Spektrum dari suatu graf adalah susunan nilai eigen dari matriks ketetanggaan graf beserta multiplisitasnya. Spektrum graf yang dihasilkan dari matriks Laplace disebut spektrum Laplace. Matriks Laplace dari graf diperoleh dari selisih matriks ketetangaan graf dengan matriks diagonal dimana elemen-elemen diagonal utamanya merupakan derajat simpul dari graf. Penelitian ini mengkaji bentuk spektrum Laplace dari graf Mahkota dan graf Benteng. Graf Mahkota adalah graf yang diperoleh dari komplemen hasil perkalian kartesian graf Lengkap K2 dan graf Lengkap Kn. Sementara itu graf Benteng Bnn adalah graf yang diperoleh dari hasil perkalian kartesian dua buah graf Lengkap Kn. Hasil penelitian telah diperoleh polinomial karakteristik dari matriks Laplace untuk graf Mahkota dengan n=3 dan graf Benteng Bnn dengan n=2. Lebih lanjut spektrum Laplace dari kedua graf juga telah diperoleh. The spectrum on a graph is a set of eigenvalues of the adjacency matrix along with their multiplicities. The spectrum of a Laplace matrix is called the Laplace spectrum. The Laplace matrix of a graph is obtained from the difference between a adjacency matrix and a diagonal matrix where the elemens of main diagonal are the vertices degree of the graph. This research studied the Laplace spectrum on the crown graph and the rook graph. A crown graph is a graph obtained from the complement of the cartesian product of complete graph K2 and Kn. Meanwhile, rook graph is a graph obtained from the cartesian product of two complete graph Kn. The results of study are formula of the characteristic polynomial of Laplace matrix for the crown graph with n=3 and the rook graph with n=2. Furthermore, the Laplace spectrum of both graphs has also been obtained.
Additive Value of Polygenic Risk Score to Family History for Type 2 Diabetes Prediction: Results From the All of Us Research Database
Authors: Drzymalla Emily , Raffield Laura , Kolor Katherine , Koyama Alain , Moonesinghe Ramal , Pavkov Meda E. , Spracklen Cassandra N. , Khoury Muin J. 
Published: January 2025

OBJECTIVE
The goal of this study was to assess the additive value of considering type 2 diabetes (T2D) polygenic risk score (PRS) in addition to family history for T2D prediction.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Data were obtained from the All of Us (AoU) research database. First-degree T2D family history was self-reported on the personal family history health questionnaire. A PRS was constructed from 1,289 variants identified from a large multiancestry genome-wide association study meta-analysis for T2D. Logistic regression models were run to generate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs for T2D. All models were adjusted for age, sex, and BMI.

RESULTS
A total of 109,958 AoU research participants were included in the analysis. The odds of T2D increased with 1 SD PRS (OR 1.75; 95% CI 1.71–1.79) and positive T2D family history (OR 2.32; 95% CI 2.20–2.43). In the joint model, both 1 SD PRS (OR 1.69; 95% CI 1.65–1.72) and family history (OR 2.06; 95% CI 1.98–2.15) were significantly associated with T2D, although the ORs were slightly attenuated. Predictive models that included both the PRS and family history (area under the curve [AUC] 0.794) performed better than models including only family history (AUC 0.763) or the PRS (AUC 0.785).

CONCLUSIONS
In predicting T2D, inclusion of a T2D PRS in addition to family history of T2D (first-degree relatives) added statistical value. Further study is needed to determine whether consideration of both family history and a PRS would be useful for clinical T2D prediction.
Functional assessment in angina and non-obstructive coronary arteries: from microvascular resistance reserve to subtypes of coronary microvascular dysfunction
Authors: Galante Domenico , Viceré Andrea , Pollio Benvenuto Ciro , Viccaro Vincenzo , Giuliana Chiara , Todisco Simona , Capalbo Gennaro , Montone Rocco , Romagnoli Enrico , Aurigemma Cristina , Trani Carlo , Burzotta Francesco , Crea Filippo , Leone Antonio Maria 
Published: January 2025

Aims
Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) is a heterogeneous condition defined by reduced coronary flow reserve (CFR). The new index ‘microvascular resistance reserve’ (MRR) has been developed, but its role is unclear. We investigate the relationships between functional indices in ANOCA (angina and non-obstructive coronary arteries) patients and evaluate the hemodynamic features of different CMD subtypes.

Methods
We enrolled consecutive ANOCA patients assessed by using the bolus thermodilution technique. CFR, index of microcirculatory resistance (IMR) and MRR were estimated and correlated with each other. Patients were divided into two groups based on CMD presence (CFR < 2.5). Subsequently, high-hyperaemic-resistance (HHR) and low-hyperaemic-resistance (LHR) CMD subtypes were defined according to IMR values (cut-off 25). Microvascular flow and resistance were estimated both at rest and during hyperaemia with Tmnrest/IMRrest and Tmnhyp/IMR, respectively. All functional indices were compared between groups.

Results
In total, 108 patients were enrolled: 66 patients in the normal group (CFR ≥ 2.5), 20 in the HHR-CMD group (CFR < 2.5 and IMR ≥ 25) and 22 in the LHR-CMD group (CFR < 2.5 and IMR < 25). MRR strongly correlated (r = 0.968, P < 0.01) with CFR, showing a good discriminatory power (area under the curve = 0.97) and accuracy (85%) for detecting CMD. LHR-CMD patients showed reduced microvascular resistance (IMRrest 34.3 ± 15.1, P < 0.01) and increased resting flow (Tmnrest 0.37 ± 0.17, P < 0.01), while HHR-CMD patients had impaired hyperaemic flow (Tmnhyp 0.45 ± 0.24 P < 0.01). MRR was reduced in CMD patients (P < 0.01), with no differences between CMD subtypes (P = 0.66).

Conclusions
In ANOCA patients, MRR and CFR are strongly correlated and could be considered as functionally interchangeable tools. IMR is crucial for differentiating CMD endotypes.
Retrospective observational study shows accelerometers can monitor effects of canine pruritus treatment
Authors: O’Rourke Abigail , Redford Leah , Carson Aletha , Lyle Scott , Kresnye Cassie , O’Flynn Ciaran 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the use of collar-mounted accelerometers to objectively monitor treatment outcomes in canine pruritus.

METHODS
Observational data from 1,803 dogs from 2019 through 2023 were retrospectively analyzed to evaluate the efficacy of collar-mounted accelerometers to assess treatment efficacy for pruritic canine skin diseases. Accelerometer measurements were joined to electronic health records to establish symptoms, diagnoses, and interventions. A directed acyclic graph was used to identify relevant variables to control for, and linear regression was used to model the pruritic behaviors before and after intervention.

RESULTS
Significant reductions in pruritic behaviors, particularly scratching and licking, were observed following interventions. Antibody and immunosuppressant treatments exhibited the most pronounced effects on scratching behavior, with a reduction in scratching of up to 40.9% and 23.4%, retrospectively, in the 30 days following intervention relative to the 14 days prior.

CONCLUSIONS
Collar-mounted accelerometers used to measure pruritic behaviors can detect the effects of interventions for canine pruritus.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Pruritus is a common symptom of canine skin diseases, such as atopic dermatitis or allergic dermatitis, which can be difficult to diagnose and manage. This study highlights the use of collar-mounted accelerometers to objectively monitor treatment outcomes for canine pruritus, providing valuable insights into treatment effectiveness that could allow veterinarians and pet owners to optimize management strategies to alleviate the burden of this challenging condition.
The accuracy of biomechanical mechanisms for dental deep bite correction using the Invisalign system
Authors: Fiorillo Gianluigi , Campobasso Alessandra , Garrisi Lorenzo , Battista Giovanni , D’Antò Vincenzo , Mandelli Alice , Mandelli Gualtiero , Ambrosi Alessandro , Gastaldi Giorgio 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate the accuracy of the Invisalign appliance in correcting an anterior deep bite in adults and to compare different mechanisms of bite opening.

Materials and methods
This retrospective study included 25 patients (mean age 32.28 years) who presented with a moderate overbite (Group 1, with an overbite ranging from 3.5 mm to 5 mm) or a severe overbite (Group 2, with an overbite ≥ 5 mm), treated by the same operator using the Invisalign appliance.
Digital models generated for the ClinCheck process were analysed at the initial (T0), planned (ST1), and clinically achieved (ET1) stages using Geomagic Control X software (3D Systems, Rock Hill, SC, USA) to measure overbite correction. The accuracy and mechanisms of deep bite correction (proclination and intrusion of the incisors, posterior tooth extrusion) were assessed. Statistical analysis was performed using R 4.1.2 (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria).

Results
Significant differences were found between the ST1 and ET1 stages of overbite correction in both groups (P < 0.01).
Group 1 showed the highest mean accuracy (51.35%) with a mean difference of 1.15 mm between ST1 and ET1. Group 2 had the lowest mean accuracy (41.56%) with a mean difference of 2.11 mm. No significant differences in mean accuracy were found between the groups or between the mechanisms of overbite correction (P > 0.05).

Conclusion
The Invisalign appliance shows significant inaccuracy between the ClinCheck simulation and the clinical outcome in correcting moderate and severe deep bites in adults. There was similar predictability between the different bite opening mechanisms.
Penal Vs. Confiscation-Only Approaches in Money Laundering Control
Authors: Bikelis Skirmantas , Pranka Darius , Dainauskaitė Goda 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This article examines two primary approaches to money laundering control: traditional penal and confiscation-focused approaches. These approaches are evaluated based on their potential in confiscating criminal proceeds and deterring effects. Data from recent Lithuanian money laundering proceedings enriches this analysis. The data encompasses discontinued pre-trial investigations, final court judgments in criminal proceedings, and court decisions in civil proceedings against suspicious assets arising from discontinued pre-trial investigations. The research reveals limited success and minimal added value associated with the sole prosecution of money laundering, particularly in self-laundering cases. However, the study highlights the remarkable efficacy of a combined approach for combating illicit financial flows. This approach leverages the investigative powers available during pre-trial money laundering investigations alongside the rules and standards of civil proceedings. This synergy facilitates the successful declaration of suspicious assets as ownerless and subject to forfeiture by the state.
The Potential of Night Jasmine (Nyctanthes arbor-tristis) Flower Extract as a Functional Ingredient in Yogurt Production: The Effects on Fermentation, Rheology, Sensory, and Antioxidant Properties of Yogurt
Authors: Pal Anil Kumar , Agarwal Aparna , Tripathi Abhishek Dutt , Khosravi-Darani Kianoush , Nandan Alisha , Tripathi Arunima , Hooda Ankita 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Nyctanthes arbour-tristis, commonly known as Harsinghar or Night Jasmine Flower (NJF), holds a prominent place in traditional medicine due to its diverse biological activities. With the growing trend of fortifying yogurt with natural herbs to enhance nutritional and health benefits, this research aimed to optimize herbal yogurt with NJF extract using response surface methodology (RSM). Twenty experiments were conducted with varying percentages of NJF extract, inoculum sizes, and temperatures. The NJF-fortified yogurt was evaluated for sensory, textural, and physicochemical analyses, along with an ESI-MS assessment of bioactive components. Results showed that properties varied with NJF extract percentage, with trial T18 (3.68% NJF extract, 1.5 ml inoculum size, and 41°C temperature) achieving the highest sensory score and acceptability, as well as superior textural and antioxidant properties compared to control yogurt. T18 was identified as the optimized product with protein-3.1%, fat-3.4%, moisture-72.8%, ash-0.87%, pH-4.65, and titratable acidity (TA)-0.72. The antioxidant activity of T18 and CY was 72.32% and 12.62%, respectively, and the total phenolic content was found to be 85.17 mg GAE/g, underscoring its potential as a health-enhancing yogurt variant.
Single-Cell protein for feed and food
Authors: Ledbetter Fred 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
As global demand for protein sources continues to rise due to increasing populations and changing dietary preferences, the shortage of conventional protein for feed and food poses significant challenges for food security. Single-cell protein (SCP), derived from microorganisms such as yeasts and bacteria, represents a promising alternative to traditional protein sources. Among these, methanotropic bacteria such as Methylococcus sp. and Methyocystis sp. can provide protein from methane as their sole carbon and energy source. Oleaginous yeasts like Yarrowia lipolytica are gaining attention in animal nutrition, particularly chicken and aquaculture, since they not only contain protein but also lipids. Yarrowia lipolytica, which comprises approximately 20% lipids by cell weight, can effectively supplement protein in animal diets, improving feed efficiency and average daily gain (ADG). Incorporating 3% of this yeast instead of soybean meal can enhance growth performance, while higher inclusion rates may lead to adverse effects such as diarrhea in animals like piglets due to increased lipid content and reduced nutrient digestibility. The thick cell wall of Yarrowia lipolytica can limit nutrient absorption, indicating that lysis of the yeast cell walls may be necessary to optimize nutrient release. Additionally, the use of another oleaginous yeast, Lipomyces starkeyi, has demonstrated potential as a viable substitute for vegetable oils in fish diets, maintaining growth and meat quality without negative impacts. Research indicates that SCP can constitute significant portions of nitrogen intake in livestock, supporting performance without inducing adverse heat production. These findings underscore the potential of SCP and oleaginous yeasts in addressing protein shortages while promoting sustainable practices in animal nutrition. However, further studies are essential to optimize their utilization in various dietary formulations.
Evaluation of Financial and Operational Sustainability with Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Methods: An Application in the US Airline Market
Authors: Asker Veysi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the multi-dimensional effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on the sustainability performance of airlines in the U.S. airline market, examine the effect of the Covid-19 pandemic on airline business models, and compare the financial and operational performance of airlines before, during and after Covid-19 pandemic period. In this context, the financial and operational performance of 6 traditional and 5 LCC airlines for the period 2019-2022 was analyzed using the Merec-based Marcos and Cobra methods. First, the financial and operational data for airlines were weighted using the Merec method. Subsequently, using the Marcos and Cobra methods, the financial and operational performance rankings of airlines were determined. According to the rankings obtained through the Marcos and Cobra methods, the airlines with the best performance were American Airlines, Delta Airlines, and Southwest Airlines. Additionally, there was a significant similarity in the performance rankings of all airlines in the sample before and after the Covid-19 pandemic.
Do Economic Policy Uncertainty Have Ramifications on Inflation and Stock Market Performance? Evidence from Global Framework
Authors: Mishra Amritkant 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This pragmatic study aims to comprehensively examine the underlying impact of economic policy uncertainty (EPU) on both inflation and stock market performance across fifteen major global economies, employing the robust panel Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model. The outcome reveals that there is a long-run nexus between the EPU, inflation, and the stock market across fifteen countries. The empirical consequences further show that, in the long run, EPU has an adverse impact on inflation. Additionally, outcomes affirm that the short-run impact of economic policy uncertainty is not uniform across countries. Finally, the result further confirms the positive long-run impact of economic policy uncertainty on the stock market’s performance. The insights gleaned from this study hold valuable implications for policymakers, empowering them to devise more effective and informed policy strategies. Policymakers can effectively leverage these comprehensive findings to design well-targeted measures aimed at mitigating the adverse effects of economic policy uncertainty and fostering economic stability and growth.
CEO Characteristics and Earnings Management: A Study of Manager Tenure, Age, Gender, and Overconfidence
Authors: Chen Sitao , Tzavara Dionisia , Argyropoulou Maria , Koufopoulos Dimitrios , Argyropoulou Rachel 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Corporate scandals over the past few decades underline the importance of robust corporate governance mechanisms to monitor and control managerial behaviour. Earnings management, where accounting techniques are used to present a company’s financial position more favourably than it actually is, can affect financial reporting quality and the company’s financial reputation. Our study explores how CEO characteristics, such as tenure, gender, age and overconfidence, influence corporate earnings management. Using earnings and executive characteristics data for A-class companies listed in Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges between 2016 and 2020, the research employs multiple regression analysis to empirically analyse the impact of manager characteristics on corporate earnings management. We find that CEOs with longer tenure, male and high self-confidence are more likely to participate in corporate earnings management. Additionally, firm size and asset-liability ratio are positively related to corporate earnings management behavior. While previous studies mainly use data from US companies, this research contributes to the literature by using data from non-US companies, addressing the call for more empirical studies to understand how top executives’ demographic characteristics impact earnings management in different contexts.
Exploring Digital Needs in the Centru Region, Romania: A Comparative Cross-Sectoral Study
Authors: Ogrean Claudia , Pirvu Bogdan-Constantin , Herciu Mihaela 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The article reports and discusses (some of) the results of an exploratory research carried on by Futures of Innovation Technologies European Digital Innovation Hub (FIT EDIH) to assess the digital needs in Centru Region, Romania. It focuses on three areas of interest: (smart) manufacturing, e-health, and smart city, distinct analyses being performed on the two main pillars supporting a smart city: local public authorities (LPAs) and small and medium enterprises (SMEs). The research aimed at (1) diagnosing the organizations’ current state of digitalization and finding out what their overall approach to digital transformation is; (2) understanding the organizations’ needs in terms of both technologies/applications of interest in the near future and organizational areas where digital transformation is most needed and useful; (3) assessing the organizations’ interest in the services provided by FIT EDIH to support digital transformation – by main categories. An online survey, comprising four tailored questionnaires (specifically designed for each type of organization), was administrated via the FIT EDIH platform. Data were collected from a total of 321 respondents/organizations, representing: Manufacturing (93), E-Health (38), Smart City - LPAs (45), and Smart City - SMEs (145). The results shed some light on the challenges and opportunities the four types of organizations in Centru Region - Romania face on their path towards digital transformation – an investigation area not tackled by previous research. In terms of contributions/implications: (1) the study advances research by contributing to the understanding of digital transformation priorities in less explored regions and sectors; (2) practically, it supports organizations in prioritizing digital transformation, informs technology providers about sector-specific needs, and enables FIT EDIH to offer targeted support, thereby fostering regional innovation and accelerating digital adoption; (3) for policymakers (at regional, national and European levels) it provides data-driven insights to prioritize investments, foster public-private collaboration, and design evidence-based digital strategies.
Profile of COVID-19 Admissions in a University Hospital
Authors: Tavares Thiago Moura , Lima Leandro Januário de , Batista Nertan Ribeiro , Bandeira Hellen Raquel Fortunato , Farias Maria do Carmo Andrade Duarte de 
Published: January 2025

Objective: To analyze the clinical and epidemiological profile of hospitalizations due to COVID-19 in a University Hospital in 2020

Introduction: COVID-19 is an infection that mainly affects the lower airways. However, it can affect other organ systems. Brazil is one of the countries most affected by COVID-19 in the world.

Method: Documentary, observational, cross-sectional, analytical-descriptive study using primary data collected from medical records of patients hospitalized for COVID-19 with confirmatory testing.

Results: There were 29 hospitalizations during the period, but when the inclusion criteria were applied, 20 patients were included. There was a predominance of males, most of the patients were ≥60 years old and came from urban areas. The biological sex and the area of origin of the patient did not influence the outcome such as improved discharge, nor did sex influence the use of Invasive Mechanical Ventilation (IMV).

Conclusion: The study demonstrated a prevalence of males in hospitalizations and deaths. Furthermore, biological gender did not influence the type of patient discharge or the use of IMV.
Blood Flow Restriction Training Following Achilles Tendon Reconstruction: A Case Report
Authors: Stump Matt , de Ruig Matthew , Kindel Curtis , Martin Aaron 
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND: This case report aimed to demonstrate positive changes in Achilles tendon (AT) morphology and functional performance of a 6-month postsurgical individual following an 8-week bout of blood flow restriction (BFR) training. CASE PRESENTATION: A 26-year-old male athlete who had an AT repair followed by 6 months of physical therapy presented to the authors with persistent deficits including limited strength, jumping, running, and the ability to play basketball. To enhance recovery, 8 weeks of BFR training was performed to improve gastrocnemius/soleus muscle performance. OUTCOME AND FOLLOW-UP: The participant showed improvements in strength (heel rise height), muscle thickness, and limb symmetry during landing following the 8-week BFR training. The participant returned to recreational basketball competition with no complaints. DISCUSSION: This case illustrates the effective use of BFR training in late-stage rehabilitation following AT repair. It also demonstrates how BFR training could facilitate participants’ strength and performance to return to sport. JOSPT Cases 2025;5(1):18-22. Epub 22 January 2025. doi:10.2519/josptcases.2025.0050