bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in sugar beet mitochondrial DNA induced during callus stage
Authors: Sadoch Z. , Majewska‐Sawka A. , Jazdzewska E. , Niklas A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe organization of mitochondrial DNA was studied in seed‐derived plants of sugar beet, Beta vulgaris L., and compared with the structure of DNA isolated from calli propagated in vitro. Tissues representing three genotypes (diploid male sterile, diploid maintainer and diploid fertile) were maintained under in vitro conditions for different periods before the DNA was analysed. Restriction fragment length polymorphism with BamHI and XhoI enzymes, and Southern hybridization with atpA and atp6 homologous probes were used. Hybridization experiments showed conspicuous differences in the organization of both genes in long‐term callus cultures (2 years or older). The novel organization of mitochondrial DNA in the calli of the male sterile genotype showed an additional 3.9 kb fragment after hybridization with the atp6, and 7.9 kb and 3.5 kb bands after hybridization with atpA. In the fertile genotype, changes in mitochondrial DNA structure were manifested in the disappearance of a 2.1 kb fragment after probing with atpA. Alterations induced in the mitochondrial genome of the male sterile line showed unique features in mtDNA rearrangements.
Development of an STS marker and SSRs suitable for marker‐assisted selection for the BaMMV resistance gene rym9 in barley
Authors: Werner K. , Pellio B. , Ordon F. , Friedt W. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBased on the RAPD marker OP‐C04H910 which is closely linked to the barley mild mosaic virus (BaMMV) resistance gene rym9 derived from the variety ‘Bulgarian 347’ the marker STS‐C04H910 cosegregating with OP‐C04H910 and generating a single additional band on plants carrying the recessive resistance encoding allele has been developed. Furthermore, the simple sequence repeats (SSRs) WMS6 and HVM67 have been integrated into the genetic map of the rym9 region on chromosome 4HL. Because of their close linkage to rym9 and distinct banding pattern STS‐C04H910 and HVM67 are well‐suited for marker‐ assisted selection, enhanced backcrossing procedures and pyramiding of resistance genes.
Inheritance of rust resistance genes and molecular markers in microspore‐derived populations of flax
Authors: Chen Y. , Kenaschuk E. , Dribnenki P. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe inheritance patterns of rust resistance genes and molecular markers in microspore‐derived populations of flax were investigated. Plants were produced from anther culture of F1 plants from two crosses. Microspore‐derived plants in anther culture of flax were identified using molecular markers. Two rust resistance genes and three out of six molecular markers were inherited in expected Mendelian ratios in microspore‐derived populations. Distorted segregation for the other three molecular markers was shown to be the result of over‐representation of genomic fragments from the more responsive parent in the F1 donor plant. The implication of this study in relation to androgenesis and flax breeding using anther culture is discussed.
Improving bacterial blight resistance of‘6078′, an elite restorer line of hybrid rice, by molecular marker‐assisted selection
Authors: Chen S. , Xu C. G. , Lin X. H. , Zhang Q. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBacterial blight (BB), caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (X00), is one of the most devastating diseases of rice world‐wide; it is also a serious problem of hybrid rice production in China. In this study, a molecular marker‐assisted introgression of Xa21, a gene highly resistant to a broad spectrum of Xoo strains, from ‘IRBB21’ was performed to improve the BB resistance of‘6078′, a new restorer line with high yielding potential. The entire process took one generation of crossing followed by three generations of backcrossing and one generation of selfing. The presence of Xa21 in each generation was determined by both polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and pathogen inoculation. Recombinations between Xa21 and flanking markers were identified by PCR analysis. Background selection was conducted in BC1F1 and BC2F1 using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers detecting a total of 129 polymorphic bands between‘6078’ and ‘IRBB21′. The individual selected in BC3F2, or‘6078′(Xa21), carried a fragment of less than 3.8 cM from the donor line in the Xa21 region on chromosome 11, and about 98.8% of the genetic background from the recurrent parent. The results showed that‘6078′(Xa21) had the same level and spectrum of BB resistance as the donor parent ‘IRBB21′, while maintaining the agronomic performance and combining ability of the original 6078. A significant increase in BB resistance was also achieved in the hybrid using 6078(Xa21) as the restorer line.
Distribution of S haplotypes in commercial cultivars of Brassica rapa
Authors: Sakamoto K. , Nishio T. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractSelf‐incompatibility in Brassicaceae plants is sporophytically controlled by a single multi‐allelic locus (S locus), which contains at least three highly polymorphic genes expressed in the stigma (SLG and SRK) and in the pollen (SCR/SP11). Using polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP) analysis with SXG‐specific primer pairs, the S haplotypes of F1 hybrid and open‐pollinated commercial cultivars of Brassica rapa were identified. The number of S haplotypes detected in the F1 hybrid cultivars of Chinese cabbage, komatsuna, pak‐choi, turnip, open‐pollinated cultivars of Chinese cabbage and turnip were 9, 9, 4, 11, 13 and 12, respectively. Nine of them had different PCR‐RFLP profiles from those of the S‐tester lines that determined the SLG sequences. Four SLG sequences in the F1 hybrid cultivars were determined and named S53, S54, S55 and S56, respectively. It is demonstrated that the PCR‐RFLP analysis using specific primer pairs of SLG and SRK is useful for identification of the S haplotypes, in both, S homozygous and S heterozygous plants of B. rapa. The possibility of using this method routinely in breeding programmes, and in the evaluation of F1 hybrid seed purity, is discussed.
Yield potential of barley corrected for disease infection by regression residuals
Authors: Hänsel H. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThis study was initiated to find a method to correct the phenotypic yield for the yield decreasing influence of disease infection (= DC‐yield potential). The inter‐cultivar regressions of yield vs. disease infection were calculated in official trials in Germany and Austria with spring barley in 1983 and 1984 and with winter barley in 1996, 1997 and 1998, respectively. The residual of a genotype was interpreted as a measure of its DC‐yield potential. The cultivar range of the DC‐yield potential was 58.3% and 59.5% of the phenotypic yield range and the heritability of the residuals was about 10% below that of yield. In the spring barley experiments with and without fungicides the individual residual remained approximately constant even when the mildew infection changed remarkably, suggesting a useful predictability of individual yield performance when the degree of infection is changed either by environment, pathotype, or resistance genes.
RAPD variation within and among populations of globe artichoke cultivar ‘Spinoso sardo’
Authors: Lanteri S. , Di Leo I. , Ledda L. , Mameli M. G. , Portis E. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractGlobe artichoke is a vegetable native to the Mediterranean basin. Its commercial production is mainly based on perennial cultivation of vegetatively propagated clones, which are highly heterozygous and segregate widely when progeny‐tested. The aim of this study was to measure genetic variation using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) in five populations of ‘Spinoso sardo’, the most widely grown and economically important cultivar in Sardinia (Italy). Analysis of molecular variance (amova) gave highly significant differences between populations (28.1% of the total genetic diversity); substantial within‐population variation was detected (71.8% of total genetic diversity). The RAPD results show the need to apply clonal selection to narrow the broad genetic variability within the cultivar and to address important questions on the most suitable strategies for germplasm preservation.
A new DNA extraction method for high‐throughput marker analysis in a large‐genome species such as Triticum aestivum
Authors: Stein N. , Herren G. , Keller B. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractGene mapping and marker‐assisted selection in complex, polyploid genomes still relies strongly on restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis, as conversion of RFLP to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) markers can be very difficult. DNA extraction in amounts suitable for RFLP analysis represents the most time‐consuming and labour‐intensive step in molecular marker analysis of plant populations. In this paper, a new flexible method for plant DNA extraction is presented. It allows a high‐throughput of samples in a short time without the need for freezing or lyophilizing the plant material. The method allows the isolation of genomic DNA with a yield of 100 μg for a minimal amount of 200 mg of leaf material. This is sufficient for work with large‐genome plant species such as hexaploid wheat, where 20 μg of genomic DNA are required for a single RFLP analysis.
In vitro quantification of the reaction of barley to common root rot
Authors: Arabi M. I. , Jawhar M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAn in vitro technique was used to quantify the infection level of common root rot. This disease produces a brown to black discoloration of the subcrown internodes of barley. Quantification was based on the percentage of germinated infected pieces (1.5 mm) of subcrown internodes cultured on potato dextrose agar media. The disease severity was apparent among four different visually classified categories and numerical values for each category were applied. The results were highly correlated (r = 0.97, P < 0.01) among the different in vitro experiments, indicating that this testing procedure is repeatable. Highly significant differences (P < 0.001) were found for the length of first leaf and fresh weight between plants inoculated and uninoculated with common root rot. However, the effect of inoculation on fresh weight only differed significantly (P < 0.02) among the genotypes.
Genetic diversity of oilseed Brassica napus inbred lines based on sequence‐related amplified polymorphism and its relation to hybrid performance
Authors: Riaz A. , Li G. , Quresh Z. , Swati M. S. , Quiros C. F. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractSignificant heterosis for seed yield in oilseed rape has created interest in the development of hybrid cultivars. The DNA‐based marker protocol, sequence‐related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) was used to determine genetic diversity among oilseed rape maintainer and restorer lines. This measure was used in an attempt to establish an association between genetic distance and heterosis in hybrids for various agronomic traits. A total of 118 polymorphic loci were generated by 18 SRAP primer combinations. Based on the polymorphism generated by the markers, calculated similarity index values ranged from 0.46 to 0.97. Cluster analysis grouped 10 maintainer and 12 restorer lines into three groups, with the exception of two maintainer lines, PM5 and PM9, which fell outside these groups. The grouping of the lines was largely in agreement with the available pedigree data on their origin and agronomic performance. Analysis of variance among inbred lines and their resulting F1 hybrids over two locations revealed significant differences for plant height, days to maturity and seed yield, but not for oil content. Substantial mid‐parent heterosis was observed only for seed yield, and ranged from 26% to 169%. All hybrids surpassed their respective inbred lines for this trait, except for a single cross combination of related lines. In general, crosses of lines located in different clusters yielded more than those from the same clusters. Regression analysis revealed a statistically significant relationship between the genetic distance of the parents and seed yield in their hybrid, and their derived mid‐parent and high‐parent heterosis. The correlation coefficient between genetic distance and yield (0.64) indicated a moderately strong relationship, so it is possible that some of the SRAP markers might be linked to quantitative trait loci for seed yield.
Analysis of simple sequence repeat markers in homozygous lines of apple
Authors: Höfer M. , Gomez A. , Aguiriano E. , Manzanera J. A. , Bueno M. A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractHaploids in apple were induced using anther culture and in situ parthenogenesis followed by in vitro culture of immature embryos or cotyledons. In addition to an earlier characterization of the zygosity state using isozymes, the purpose of this work was an analysis of simple sequence repeats (SSRs) to describe the homozygosity more comprehensively. Five previously described SSR primer combinations were applied. Initially, polymerase chain reaction amplification with the primer pairs was performed on the donor genotypes ‘Alkmene’ and ‘Remo’ and on a further four apple cultivars. Only those primer pairs that amplified two different contrasting alleles could be used for investigation of the zygosity state. According to these analyses both the androgenic and parthenogenic regenerated shoots are homozygous.
Quality variations in transgenic rice with a synthetic cry1Ab gene from Bacillus thuringiensis
Authors: Wu D. X. , Shu Q. Y. , Wang Z. H. , Cui H. R. , Xia Y. W. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIn order to estimate the potential of transgenic rice, characteristics related to grain quality and starch viscosity were investigated in six japonica lines based on three primary transgenic lines containing a synthetic cry1Ab gene from Bacillus thuringiensis. No significant differences were found between the transgenic lines and the wild type, including negative lines and an untransformed line. All six transgenic lines were comparable in size, milling quality, appearance quality and physicochemical properties to the wild type that were derived from. One exception was that the lines derived from the primary transgenic line TR0‐101 had smaller grains. Crude protein contents were equivalent in all the material tested, but Cry1Ab protein was only detected in grains of transgenic rice and was undetectable in the cooked rice. The viscosity of the starch differed between the transgenic lines, the wild type and other controls, and two transgenic lines had breakdown values (BDV) and setback values (SBV) similar to the wild type. A positional effect of T‐DNA insertion on starch viscosity was found in three primary transgenic lines.
Rind puncture resistance in maize: inheritance and relationship with resistance to pink stem borer attack
Authors: Butrón A. , Malvar R. A. , Revilla P. , Soengas P. , Ordás A. , Geiger H. H. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe main pest of maize in north‐western Spain is the pink stem borer, Sesamia nonagrioides, and stem lodging is one of the consequences of attack. Since rind puncture resistance is related to stem lodging resistance, the objectives of this work were to estimate the genetic effects involved in the inheritance of rind puncture resistance and to determine the phenotypic correlation coefficients between rind puncture resistance and pink stem borer damage. Six generations from the crosses ‘CM109’×‘EP31’ and ‘CM109’×‘EP42’ and a 10‐inbred line diallel were evaluated in Pontevedra, Spain, in 1995 and 1996. The inheritance of rind puncture resistance had two significant components, one additive and one dominant. Non‐allelic and genotype × environment interactions were not significant. Improvement for internode rind puncture resistance to increase stem strength and stalk lodging resistance could have some positive influence on resistance to pink stem borer. However, its use as an estimator of pink stem borer resistance cannot be generalized and so must be restricted to programmes that involve materials exhibiting physical resistance to pink stem borer attack.
Trait correlation of immature embryo culture in bread wheat
Authors: Wu B. H. , Zheng Y. L. , Liu D. C. , Zhou Y. H. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractImmature embryo culture of 45 cultivars in bread wheat was conducted to investigate trait correlation in tissue culture response. Plantlets were regenerated mainly through somatic embryos confirmed by histological examination, but also confirmed by the trait correlation analysis. The incidence of calli with leaf‐like green spots as opposed to the time, rate and fresh weight of callus induction in dedifferentiation culture was significantly positively related to organogenesis both in differentiation and maintenance culture. It indicated the plant regeneration potential might be predicted early by the incidence of calli with leaf‐like green spots in the dedifferentiation stage. Significant positive correlation also occurred among all the organogenesis traits such as the rate of shoot and root regeneration, or the number and length of shoots.
Identification of a molecular marker linked to the closed capsule mutant trait in sesame using AFLP
Authors: Uzun B. , Lee D. , Donini P. , ÇAǧirgan M. L 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe identification of an amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) marker linked to an agronomically useful trait in sesame is reported. A bulked segregant analysis (BSA) approach was adopted on segregating progenies of a cross between the closed capsule mutant line ‘cc3’, and the Turkish variety ‘Muganli‐57′. A total of 72 primer combinations were screened for linkage to the trait, but only one closely linked amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) marker was identified. The linkage was confirmed by analysing the AFLP profile from single plants. The marker has the potential to accelerate breeding programmes aimed at modifying unwanted side‐effects of the closed capsule mutation by marker‐assisted selection.
Growth Hormone Receptors in the Porcine Testis During Prepuberty
Authors: N'Diaye MR , Sun SS , Fanua SP , Loseth KJ , Shaw Wilgis EF , Crabo BG 
Published: March 2003

ContentsSupplementation of exogenous growth hormone (GH) during prepuberty advances onset of spermatogenesis in boars, but the mechanism of action is unknown. The present study is an investigation of the presence and characteristics of testicular growth hormone receptors (GHR). A total of 36 boars were castrated, three boars every 10 days, between the ages of 10 and 120 days. Testicular membrane preparations of 10, 20, 30, 50, 70, 100 and 120‐day‐old boars were used to determine 125I‐bGH binding and Scatchard analysis. Liver from a 60‐kg barrow was used for comparison. Specific 125I‐bGH binding to testicular membrane preparations occurred in all age groups with the exception of 20‐day‐old boars at levels of 30–40% of liver binding. At 30 days of age the unlabelled bGH at 1.1 ng/tube achieved half maximal inhibition (ID50). Results of Scatchard analysis indicated a single class of binding sites. Binding affinity was 2.89 × 109m with a binding capacity of 12 fmole/mg membrane protein. The results from this study suggest that GH may act directly on the cells of the prepubertal boar testis.
Time Empty and Ketone Body Status in the Early Postpartum Period of Dairy Cows
Authors: Koller A , Reist M , Blum JW , Küpfer U 
Published: March 2003

ContentsThis study aimed to assess the effect of ketone body status early postpartum on time empty in 74 multiparous dairy cows under field conditions. Animals were equally distributed across eight farms and were controlled by the same herd‐fertility‐monitoring programme. Cows were visited twice antepartum and six times postpartum at weekly intervals between 0530 and 0830 a.m. On these occasions, body condition scores and milk yields were measured, blood and milk samples were taken, cows were gynaecologically examined, and parameters of reproduction were recorded. Cows with a time empty of less or more than 80 days were classified as early and late conceiving cows (EC and LC, respectively). A time empty of 80 days results in calving‐to‐calving intervals of 1 year and classification based on this threshold value resulted in groups of equal size and equal distribution of EC and LC within farms. Ketone bodies measured were β‐hydroxybutyrate in blood and acetoacetate and acetone in blood and milk. Blood and milk ketone body concentrations, as well as the ratios of acetoacetate and acetone to β‐hydroxybutyrate, over the first 6 weeks postpartum were higher in LC than in EC, whereas plasma glucose and non‐esterified fatty acids and milk fat, protein and urea concentrations did not exhibit clear differences between groups. Ketone body concentrations were as good predictors of time empty as ketone body ratios and might have practical impact in herd‐fertility‐monitoring programmes.
Using therapeutic community principles to improve the functioning of a high care psychiatric ward in the UK
Authors: Mistral Willm , Hall Adam , McKee Patrick 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT:The effects of interventions within a high‐care psychiatric ward, based upon the principles of a therapeutic community, were evaluated. Interventions included an enhanced physical environment, improved communication, clear rules and aims, and improved safety procedures. A Ward Atmosphere Scale, an Attitude Scale, and interviews with staff indicated improvements in ward atmosphere and staff attitudes. Ward records showed a substantial reduction in the use of seclusion for aggressive patient behaviour, and a 62% reduction over 2 years in short‐term staff illness. The authors conclude that similar interventions could be used to improve the functioning of other psychiatric wards.
Nurses’ views on reporting medication incidents
Authors: Walker Sandra Beverley , Lowe Megan Jane 
Published: March 2003

Walker SB, Lowe MJ. International Journal of Nursing Practice 1998; 4: 97–102 Nurses’ views on reporting medication incidents The purpose of this project was to identify nurses’ beliefs about medication incident reporting. A new medication incident form was developed and trialled in six clinical units. Forty‐three nurses from these areas were recruited to participate in the project, with a 20‐point self‐reporting questionnaire and focus group discussions being used to collect the data. Theme analysis of the data was undertaken with the results of the project indicating nurses report medication incidents that are life threatening to patients, but do not want identifying information collected about themselves. This situation represents nurses’ fear of reprimand from those in authority and may also indicate an unwillingness to accept responsibility for errors in which they may be merely the final player in a complex series of events. The results of the project also highlight problems associated with self‐reported medication incident monitoring and challenge its effectiveness in gathering data required by managers and staff development educators.