bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measurements of the local equivalence ratio and its impact on the thermochemical state in laminar partially premixed boundary layer flames
Authors: Greifenstein M. , Zentgraf F. , Johe P. , Boehm B. , Steinhausen M. , Hasse C. , Dreizler A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractLocal fuel–air equivalence ratios, gas phase temperature and $$\hbox {CO}_2$$

CO
2

mole fractions were measured by a combination of laser-induced fluorescence of nitric oxide used as a tracer and dual-pump coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy in a vertically oriented partially premixed boundary layer flame under laminar flow conditions. By embedding a secondary effusive fuel inlet into the temperature-controlled wall of a sidewall-quenching configuration, different pyrolysis rates of a wall-embedded polymer are mimicked with reduced chemical complexity and well-controlled boundary conditions. The resulting boundary layer flames were investigated experimentally and numerically. The simulation results and measurements show a very good agreement on the complex interplay between local mixing and heat losses, even though inhomogeneities of the wall inlet complicate the comparison of data. Local equivalence ratios upstream of the reaction zone reach values of up to $$\varPhi = 2$$

Φ
=
2

. Under these conditions, a clear quenching location could not be identified based on the experimental data. A significant trend toward lower temperatures and $$\hbox {CO}_2$$

CO
2

mole fractions with increasing amount of secondary fuel was found in the thermochemical state close to the temperature-controlled wall, downstream of the effusive inlet.
Graphical abstract
Next-generation sequencing and comprehensive data reassessment in 263 adult patients with neuromuscular disorders: insights into the gray zone of molecular diagnoses
Authors: Krenn Martin , Wagner Matias , Zulehner Gudrun , Weng Rosa , Jäger Fiona , Keritam Omar , Sener Merve , Brücke Christof , Milenkovic Ivan , Langer Agnes , Buchinger Dominic , Habersam Richard , Mayerhanser Katharina , Brugger Melanie , Brunet Theresa , Jacob Maureen , Graf Elisabeth , Berutti Riccardo , Cetin Hakan , Hoefele Julia , Winkelmann Juliane , Zimprich Fritz , Rath Jakob 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Neuromuscular disorders (NMDs) are heterogeneous conditions with a considerable fraction attributed to monogenic defects. Despite the advancements in genomic medicine, many patients remain without a diagnosis. Here, we investigate whether a comprehensive reassessment strategy improves the diagnostic outcomes.

Methods
We analyzed 263 patients with NMD phenotypes that underwent diagnostic exome or genome sequencing at our tertiary referral center between 2015 and 2023. We applied a comprehensive reassessment encompassing variant reclassification, re-phenotyping and NGS data reanalysis. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify predictive factors associated with a molecular diagnosis.

Results
Initially, a molecular diagnosis was identified in 53 cases (20%), while an additional 23 (9%) had findings of uncertain significance. Following comprehensive reassessment, the diagnostic yield increased to 23%, revealing 44 distinct monogenic etiologies. Reasons for newly obtained molecular diagnoses were variant reclassifications in 7 and NGS data reanalysis in 3 cases including one recently described disease-gene association (DNAJB4). Male sex reduced the odds of receiving a molecular diagnosis (OR 0.42; 95%CI 0.21–0.82), while a positive family history (OR 5.46; 95%CI 2.60–11.76) and a myopathy phenotype (OR 2.72; 95%CI 1.11–7.14) increased the likelihood. 7% were resolved through targeted genetic testing or classified as acquired etiologies.

Conclusion
Our findings reinforce the use of NGS in NMDs of suspected monogenic origin. We show that a comprehensive reassessment enhances diagnostic accuracy. However, one needs to be aware that genetic diagnoses are often made with uncertainty and can even be downgraded based on new evidence.
Feature-based multimodal registration framework for vertebral pose estimation
Authors: kiran Usha , Bhat Shyamasunder N. , Anitha H. , Naik Roshan Ramakrishna 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The reliable estimation of the vertebral body posture helps to aid a safe and effective spine surgery. The proposed work aims to present an MR to X-ray image registration to assess the 3D pose of the vertebral body during spine surgery. The 3D assessment of vertebral pose assists in analyzing the position and orientation of the vertebral body to provide information during various clinical diagnosis conditions such as curvature estimation and pedicle screw insertion surgery.

Methods
The proposed feature-based registration framework extracted vertebral end plates to avoid the mismatch between the intensities of MR and X-ray images. Using the projection matrix, the segmented MRI is forward projected and then registered to the X-ray image using binary image matching similarity and the CMA-ES optimizer.

Results
The proposed method estimated the vertebral pose by registering the simulated X-ray onto pre-operative MRI. To evaluate the efficacy of the proposed approach, a certain number of experiments are carried out on the simulated dataset.

Conclusion
The proposed method is a fast and accurate registration method that can provide 3D information about the vertebral body. This 3D information is useful to improve accuracy during various clinical diagnoses.
Mutation in the TRKB Cholesterol Recognition Site that blocks Antidepressant Binding does not Influence the Basal or BDNF-Stimulated Activation of TRKB
Authors: Biojone Caroline , Cannarozzo Cecilia , Seiffert Nina , Diniz Cassiano R. A. F. , Brunello Cecilia A. , Castrén Eero , Casarotto Plinio 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBrain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) acting upon its receptor Neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor 2 (NTRK2, TRKB) plays a central role in the development and maintenance of synaptic function and activity- or drug-induced plasticity. TRKB possesses an inverted cholesterol recognition and alignment consensus sequence (CARC), suggesting this receptor can act as a cholesterol sensor. We have recently shown that antidepressant drugs directly bind to the CARC domain of TRKB dimers, and that this binding as well as biochemical and behavioral responses to antidepressants are lost with a mutation in the TRKB CARC motif (Tyr433Phe). However, it is not clear if this mutation can also compromise the receptor function and lead to behavioral alterations. Here, we observed that Tyr433Phe mutation does not alter BDNF binding to TRKB, or BDNF-induced dimerization of TRKB. In this line, primary cultures from embryos of heterozygous Tyr433Phe mutant mice (hTRKB.Tyr433Phe) are responsive to BDNF-induced activation of TRKB, and samples from adult mice do not show any difference on TRKB activation compared to wild-type littermates (TRKB.wt). The behavioral phenotype of hTRKB.Tyr433Phe mice is indistinguishable from the wild-type mice in cued fear conditioning, contextual discrimination task, or the elevated plus maze, whereas mice heterozygous to BDNF null allele show a phenotype in context discrimination task. Taken together, our results indicate that Tyr433Phe mutation in the TRKB CARC motif does not show signs of loss-of-function of BDNF responses, while antidepressant binding to TRKB and responses to antidepressants are lost in Tyr433Phe mutants, making them an interesting mouse model for antidepressant research.
Hormetic action of cyanide: plant gasotransmitter and poison
Authors: Krasuska Urszula , Ciacka Katarzyna , Staszek Pawel , Tyminski Marcin , Wal Agnieszka , Gniazdowska Agnieszka 
Published: December 2023

AbstractHydrogen cyanide (HCN) occurs in living organisms and in the environment. This is a widely known poison but is also considered as a gasotransmitter. For most higher plants, microorganisms and animals HCN is toxic, especially at elevated concentrations. However, plants’ sensitivity to this compound is lower than animals’ due to the activity of an alternative oxidase in the mitochondrial respiration chain. All higher plants synthesize HCN as a co-product during the final step of ethylene biosynthesis, whilst some plant species release it from cyanogenic compounds, accumulated for diverse physiological purposes. This molecule is used as a toxic bomb against herbivores, as a source of nitrogen in N-deficient plants, or as a regulator of seed dormancy state. The toxicity of HCN is mainly due to the inhibition of the activity of several metalloenzymes: iron-containing enzymes, molybdoenzymes and enzymes that contain zinc or copper. HCN impacts cellular metabolism by modulation of the reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species levels, and via modifications of proteins (S-cyanylation, oxidation). The aim of this work is to describe the dual (toxic and signalling) mode of cyanide action in plants at a cellular level.
The Preparation of Nanosized Pd/ZSM-23 Bifunctional Catalysts for n-Hexadecane Hydroisomerization by Employing PHMB as the Growth Modifier
Authors: Sun Jiazheng , Xiong Shuxiang , Wu Qiong , Wang Wei , Wu Wei 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe development of highly effective metal–zeolite bifunctional catalysts for the hydroisomerization of n-alkanes is a paramount strategy to produce second-generation biofuels with high quality. In this study, polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) is precisely added to the initial gel to synthesize nanosized ZSM-23 zeolites (Z23-xPH). Due to orientation adsorption and steric hindrance effects of PHMB, each sample of Z23-xPH demonstrates enhanced mesoporosity in comparison with the conventional Z23-C zeolite. Furthermore, the Brønsted acid density of the Z23-xPH samples is also significantly reduced due to a reduction in the distribution of framework Al at T2–T5 sites. The corresponding Pd/23-C and Pd/Z23-xPH bifunctional catalysts with 0.5 wt% Pd loading for n-hexadecane hydroisomerization are prepared by incorporating ZSM-23 zeolites as acid supports. According to the catalytic test results, the suitable addition of PHMB can effectively promote the iso-hexadecane yield. The Pd/Z23-2PH catalyst with an nPHMB/nSi molar ratio of 0.002 demonstrates the highest maximum iso-hexadecane yield of 74.1% at an n-hexadecane conversion of 88.3%. Therefore, the employment of PHMB has provided a simple route for the development of highly effective Pd/ZSM-23 catalysts for n-alkane hydroisomerization.
Regulations Governing Medicines for Maternal and Neonatal Health: A Landscape Assessment
Authors: Alexe Amalia , Garg Anju , Kovacs Birgit , Abramova Nadezda , Apara Olatayo , Eisele Osa , Fernandes Maria Fernanda Scantamburlo , Balramsingh-Harry Leesha , Wurst Keele , Lewis David 
Published: December 2023

AbstractLimited evidence related to the safety or efficacy of medicines in pregnancy and during breastfeeding is available to inform patients and healthcare professionals. Understanding the current regulatory landscape in the clinical trial and postmarketing settings is critical to facilitate the development of applicable processes and tools for studying medicine use during pregnancy and breastfeeding and comply with health authority expectations. This review summarizes key findings from a landscape assessment of regulations, guidelines, and guidance on the use of medicines in pregnancy and breastfeeding issued by health authorities in various territories (including the Americas, Europe, Africa, and Asia Pacific) and outlines relevant initiatives undertaken by health authorities, academic institutions, industry consortia, and public–private organizations. While global pharmacovigilance legislation regarding medication use during pregnancy and breastfeeding exists and continues to evolve, the landscape assessment revealed that there is a lack of global legislative harmonization in both the clinical trial and postmarketing surveillance settings and regulatory gaps still exist in many countries/regions. Despite ongoing efforts from health authorities and public and private organizations, intensive efforts for legislation harmonization and stakeholder collaboration are required to improve the current environment of medication safety in pregnancy and breastfeeding.
Assessing deep learning: a work program for the humanities in the age of artificial intelligence
Authors: Segessenmann Jan , Stadelmann Thilo , Davison Andrew , Dürr Oliver 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Following the success of deep learning (DL) in research, we are now witnessing the fast and widespread adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) in daily life, influencing the way we act, think, and organize our lives. However, much still remains a mystery when it comes to how these systems achieve such high performance and why they reach the outputs they do. This presents us with an unusual combination: of technical mastery on the one hand, and a striking degree of mystery on the other. This conjunction is not only fascinating, but it also poses considerable risks, which urgently require our attention. Awareness of the need to analyze ethical implications, such as fairness, equality, and sustainability, is growing. However, other dimensions of inquiry receive less attention, including the subtle but pervasive ways in which our dealings with AI shape our way of living and thinking, transforming our culture and human self-understanding. If we want to deploy AI positively in the long term, a broader and more holistic assessment of the technology is vital, involving not only scientific and technical perspectives, but also those from the humanities. To this end, we present outlines of a work program for the humanities that aim to contribute to assessing and guiding the potential, opportunities, and risks of further developing and deploying DL systems. This paper contains a thematic introduction (Sect. 1), an introduction to the workings of DL for non-technical readers (Sect. 2), and a main part, containing the outlines of a work program for the humanities (Sect. 3). Readers familiar with DL might want to ignore 2 and instead directly read 3 after 1.
The current impacts and future prospects of graphene derivatives in polymer-based supercapacitors
Authors: Mombeshora Edwin T. , Muchuweni Edigar 
Published: December 2023

AbstractFor sustainability motives, the world must accelerate current work towards meeting the rising energy demands whilst reducing the current huge dependency on fossil energy resources. Fossil fuels contaminate the environment, cause health-related complications to humankind and are finite. Renewables are promising in countering these adversities. However, renewable energy resources have sporadic characteristics, thus, need effective energy storage systems for clean energy transition. One such energy storage system with the potential to grow towards large-scale commercialisation is the supercapacitor (SC). Current research foci in SCs include improved capacitance, lifespan, stability, energy and power densities through the development of effective and highly stable electrode materials. One typical and promising electrode material is the conducting polymer (CP). However, CPs still face some drawbacks; such as ion depletions, mechanical issues, operational stability and short-term stability; to develop further. Hence, compositing CPs with carbonaceous materials, namely graphene derivatives, is among the current suitable strategies to counter these setbacks. Henceforth, the current work reviews the impact of graphene derivatives as additives to CP-based SCs regarding tuneable band gap, nontoxicity, lightweight, remarkable flexibility, low costs emanating from abundant sources, facile synthesis methods and easy scalability. The review also provides recommendations for future directions to enhance the sustainability of both CPs and SCs. The discussed literature outlines that graphene derivative additives to polymers has phenomenal potential to achieve long-term stability and highly performing SCs through synergism.
Graphical Abstract
Journaling your challenges: mechanisms of resilience journals to support German first-semester business students during their transition to university
Authors: Lohner Max S. , Aprea Carmela 
Published: December 2023

AbstractTransition to university can be challenging, but writing interventions can be a helpful way of supporting first-semester students. Why these interventions are effective is still not fully understood, however. To explore the underlying mechanisms, two versions of a resilience journal were used in this study. They were designed to either broaden attention toward all challenges or to prime students’ attention to successfully mastered challenges. It was hypothesized that priming toward mastery is more effective but that both versions would increase students’ resilience and satisfaction. Hypotheses were tested in a pre-post design with 62 first-semester students randomly filling out one of the two versions for 6 weeks. The outcomes were compared to students without an intervention, and journal entries were analyzed for challenges and coping strategies. A content analysis of the journal entries revealed that most challenges were directly related to university. Problem-focused coping strategies were most often used to address challenges. Both intervention groups showed a decrease in life satisfaction during the first 6 weeks of university, but the intervention designed to broaden attention was more effective in mitigating this decrease. The same intervention was also more advantageous in promoting students’ resilience. The results highlight the vulnerability of students during their transition to university and the potential of writing interventions that include reflection on all challenges.
Correcting for Undercounting of Lightning Flashes by Space‐Based Optical Sensors
Authors: McFarland P. J. , Brune W. H. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAccurate measurements of global lightning are essential for understanding present and future atmospheric electricity, composition, and climate. The latest space‐based lightning detector, the Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM), was the first to be placed in geostationary orbit, with a continuous view of most of the American continents. Prior to the GLM, the Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS) on the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite collected lightning measurements from which numerous lightning climatologies have been developed, including those used in global models. However, this study finds that both the GLM and a second, similar LIS placed on the International Space Station (ISS) in 2017 detect lightning at similar rates and are undercounting lightning compared to ground‐based Lightning Mapping Arrays (LMAs). The GLM undercounts lightning by an average factor of 7.0, reaching a maximum over 120 as a function of satellite zenith angle, radar reflectivity at a height where the temperature is −10°C, flash height, and thunderstorm polarity. The LIS is estimated to undercount lightning by an average factor of 5.6, reaching a maximum of 75.0 as a function of radar reflectivity at the −10°C level, flash height, and thunderstorm polarity. Preliminary predictive equations for the GLM and LIS lightning undercount factor, or scaling factor (SF), use ice‐water content, equilibrium level, flash height, and satellite zenith angle, all of which can be derived in models. These equations are developed to encourage updating lightning parameterizations within global models and will likely increase modeled lightning's effects on atmospheric electrical circuits, composition, chemistry, and climate change.
Stratosphere‐Troposphere Exchanges of Air Mass and Ozone Concentrations From ERA5 and MERRA2: Annual‐Mean Climatology, Seasonal Cycle, and Interannual Variability
Authors: Wang Mingcheng , Fu Qiang , Hall Anna , Sweeney Aodhan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractStratosphere‐Troposphere exchange (STE) of air mass and ozone in ERA5 and Modern Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Application, version 2 (MERRA2) reanalyses from 1980 to 2022 are investigated on their seasonal cycle, annual‐mean climatology, and monthly anomalies smoothed using a 1‐year Lanczos low‐pass filter. We employ a lowermost stratosphere mass budget approach with dynamic isentropic surfaces fitted to tropical tropopause as the upper boundary of lowermost stratosphere. The annual‐mean ozone STEs over the NH extratropics, SH extratropics, tropics, extratropics, and globe in ERA5 are −342, −239, 201, −581, and −380 Tg year−1, respectively, versus −305, −224, 168, −529, −361 Tg year−1 from MERRA2. The annual‐mean global ozone STE difference between ERA5 and MERRA2 is dominated by the diabatic heating difference, partly compensated by the ozone concentration difference. There are about 40% (−40%) differences between ERA5 and MERRA2 in global ozone STEs in boreal summer (autumn), mainly due to the difference in seasonal breathing of the lowermost stratosphere ozone mass between reanalyses. The correlation coefficient between ERA5 and MERRA2 global ozone mass STE monthly anomalies is 0.57 and thus ERA5 and MERRA2 can only explain each other's variance by 33%. Multiple linear regression analysis shows that El Niño–Southern Oscillation, quasi‐biennial oscillation, and Brewer‐Dobson circulation explain the variance in the ERA5 (MERRA2) global ozone STE monthly anomalies by 17.3 (5.0), 5.4 (7.2), and 1.0 (3.1)%, respectively. The volcanic aerosol impacts on ozone STEs from ERA5 and MERRA2 have opposite signs and thus are inconclusive. Cautions are therefore needed when using ERA5 and MERRA2 to investigate the STE seasonal cycle and interannual variability.
Arctic Sea Ice Loss, Long‐Term Trends in Extratropical Wave Forcing, and the Observed Strengthening of the QBO‐MJO Connection
Authors: Hood Lon L. , Hoopes Charles A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractA modulation has been identified of the tropical Madden‐Julian oscillation (MJO) by the stratospheric quasi‐biennial oscillation (QBO) such that the MJO in boreal winter is ∼40% stronger and persists ∼10 days longer during the easterly QBO phase (QBOE) than during the westerly phase. A proposed mechanism is reductions of tropical lower stratospheric static stability during QBOE caused by (a) the QBO induced meridional circulation; and (b) QBO influences on extratropical wave forcing of the stratospheric residual meridional circulation during early winter. Here, long‐term variability of the QBO‐MJO connection and associated variability of near‐tropopause tropical static stability and extratropical wave forcing are investigated using European Center reanalysis data for the 1959–2021 period. During the most reliable (post‐satellite) part of the record beginning in 1979, a strengthening of the QBO‐MJO modulation has occurred during a time when tropical static stability in the lowermost stratosphere and uppermost troposphere has been decreasing and extratropical wave forcing in early winter has been increasing. A high inverse correlation (R = −0.87) is obtained during this period between early winter wave forcing anomalies and wintertime tropical lower stratospheric static stability. Regression relationships are used to show that positive trends in early winter wave forcing during this period have likely contributed to decreases in tropical static stability, favoring a stronger QBO‐MJO connection. As shown in previous work, increased sea level pressure anomalies over northern Eurasia produced by Arctic sea ice loss may have been a significant source of the observed positive trends in early winter wave forcing.