bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Palmar and axillary hyperhidrosis treated with botulinum toxin: one‐year clinical follow‐up
Authors: Naver H. , Swartling C. , Aquilonius S.‐M. 
Published: March 2003

Focal hyperhidrosis is a common and sometimes handicapping condition for which the presently most effective treatment, sympathectomy, often leads to irreversible side‐effects. We aimed to study effectiveness and tolerability of an alternative treatment with botulinum toxin injections over a period of one year for this condition.Twenty‐eight patients with palmar (n = 19) and/or axillary (n = 13) hyperhidrosis were treated with intracutaneous injections of botulinum toxin (Botox®)
2 U/4 cm2. Sweat function was studied clinically and by objective measurements after treatment of one side. Treated and untreated sides, and pre‐ and post‐treatment skin areas were compared. Subjective evaluation was performed after treatment of one side and 2–5 months after treatment of both sides. Duration of effect was controlled by a one‐year follow‐up.Sweating disappeared in eight out of 13 patients with axillary and in five out of 19 with palmar hyperhidrosis, and was reduced markedly in another five out of 13 and 10 out of 19 patients. Two‐thirds of those treated for hand sweat noticed a slight and transient reduction of power of finger grip. No side‐effects were noticed after treatment of axillary hyperhidrosis. We find intracutaneous injections of botulinum toxin with this technique safe and effective, and due to the relatively long duration of effect the treatment should be recommended before sympathectomy for focal hyperhidrosis.
Isolated, unilateral, reversible palsy of the hypoglossal nerve
Authors: Giuffrida S. , Lo Bartolo M. L. , Nicoletti A. , Reggio E. , Lo Fermo S. , Restivo D. A. , Domina E. , Reggio A. 
Published: March 2003

We report three patients with isolated unilateral hypoglossal nerve palsy who experienced an excellent outcome. In two patients no cause was found.Our study seems to confirm that the occurrence of benign and idiopathic isolated unilateral palsy of the hypoglossal nerve is more frequent than previously reported. We would like to stress that neuroimaging studies remain mandatory in order to exclude other common causes, such as tumour and spontaneous or traumatic vascular lesions, in which a specific treatment is necessary.
Chronic polyneuropathies in Vest‐Agder, Norway
Authors: Mygland Å. , Monstad P. 
Published: March 2003

Epidemiological data on chronic polyneuropathies, especially inflammatory types, is limited. The purpose of this study was to examine the spectrum of causes and estimated prevalence of various polyneuropathy types in Vest‐Agder, and to examine the clinical features of the Vest‐Agder population of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP).In Vest‐Agder county (population of 155 464), polyneuropathy patients are registered in a database and followed prospectively. We did a measure of the database on October 31 1999.A total of 192 patients were registered. The prevalence for chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) was 7.7 per 100 000 population. The course was relapsing in five of fifteen patients, progressive in four patients and slowly progressive in six of fifteen patients. Two of the fifteen patients had pure sensory symptoms. The mean Rankin disability score was 3.4 at maximal deficit and 2.1 at last follow‐up. The prevalence of paraproteinemic polyneuropathy was 5.1 per 100 000 population. None of the patients with paraproteinemic polyneuropathy were worse than slightly disabled (disability score ≤ 2). The prevalences for other polyneuropathies were as follows: polyneuropathy and RA, 1.3; polyneuropathy and Sjögren's syndrome or sicca complex, 4.5 (polyneuropathy was the presenting symptom in five of seven patients); sarcoidosis 1.9; polyneuropathy and chronic Lyme, 0.6; paraneoplastic polyneuropathy, 1.9; diabetic polyneuropathy 23.2; vitamin deficiency, 5.1; alcoholic and toxic polyneuropathy, 19.9; hereditary polyneuropathy, 14.8. Cryptogenic polyneuropathies made up 26% of all polyneuropathies. The mean disability score was 2.0 (SD 1.1).In conclusion, prevalence of CIDP was significantly higher than previously reported, and the prognosis was good in the majority of patients. Patients with paraproteinemic polyneuropathy were not severely disabled. Polyneuropathy was the presenting symptom in the majority of patients with Sjögren's syndrome or sicca complex.
Multimodal P3 under different attentional states in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Trinka E. , Unterrainer J. , Luef G. , Ladurner G. 
Published: March 2003

Background Several studies demonstrate that the P3 component of the event‐related potentials (ERP) is generated by mesial temporal structures. The P3 is considered as endogenous information processing component independent from modality. Purpose The aim of this investigation was to study whether the P3 latency elicited by auditory and visual stimuli under different attentional states is influenced by the mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE). Methods The event related P3 component of 10 right handed patients (7 m/3 f, mean age 31.3 years (SD 7.3), median 31.5, range 20–47) with unilateral mTLE were studied and compared with 10 age matched controls (5 m/5 f, mean age 36.6 years (SD 12.6), median 32.1, range 22–48). Diagnosis of mTLE was based on seizure description, clinical history and examination, prolonged video‐EEG monitoring, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), interictal and ictal SPECT. P3 potentials were elicited with a visual and auditory three stimulus discrimination paradigm. Results The latency of the P3 response to the auditory stimulus under automatic and effortful attention was delayed (423.3 ms (SD 60.4) and 436.9 ms (SD 83.4)) compared with a control group (359 ms (SD 42.4) and 354.2 ms (SD 39.7); P=0.039 and P=0.012, ANOVA), while the P3 latencies to visual stimuli under both tested attentional states (407.3 ms (SD 52.9) and 390.6 ms (SD 40.2)) did not differ from controls (378.2 ms (SD 48.6) and 378.2 ms (SD 55.4)). P3 latencies to auditory novel paradigm in patients with right sided mTLE, but not left sided mTLE, differed significantly from controls (P=0.01). Conclusion The results suggest a modality dependence of the P3 component in patients with mTLE. The novelty processing of auditory stimuli is disturbed in patients with right sided mTLE.
Chorea and Migraine: “Hemicrania Choreatica”?
Authors: Bruyn GW , Ferrari MD 
Published: March 2003

The migraine literature contains a number of anecdotal reports in which mention is made of involuntary movements associated with migraine attacks. For the migraine connoisseur, such an association is intriguing for two reasons: (1) might this combination constitute yet another clinical type of complicated migraine (“hemicrania choreatica”)? (2) to what extent does the combination imply a common denominator, potentially clarifying the pathogenesis of the migraine attack and the chorea? The rarity of the combination eo ipso militates against the feasibility of a common, systemic, denominator; if there was one, many migraine patients would also suffer from chorea, either during the migraine attacks or in a more protracted form. Also, one would observe a prevalence of migraine among choreatic patients which exceeds the prevalence of migraine among the population. Because migrainous involuntary movements have never been the object of special study, a synoptic and critical analysis of the dispersed data is presented.
Clinical Characteristics of Migraine in A Population-Based Twin Sample: Similarities and Differences Between Migraine with and Without Aura
Authors: Kallela M , Wessman M , Färkkilä M , Palotie A , Koskenvuo M , Honkasalo M-L , Kaprio J 
Published: March 2003

Objective: To look into clinical differences between migraine with and without aura in a population-based sample of migraineurs. Background: Migraine presents in two major forms, migraine with and migraine without aura. With the exception of the aura phase, the clinical characteristics of these entities are very similar. Despite this, however, the recent epidemiological data underline differences between migraine with and without aura. We tried to examine whether other features besides the aura differ between these two major forms of migraine. Methods: We studied 321 twins suffering from migraine with aura and 166 twins with migraine without aura from the population-based Finnish Twin Cohort. Migraine was diagnosed according to the criteria of the International Headache Society (MS). Analysis was based on the combination of a mailed questionnaire and a telephone interview by a neurologist. Special attention was paid to differences between migraine with and without aura. Results: Some qualities of headaches differed between IHS defined migraine with and without aura. Unilateral headache (Chi-squared p=0.039) and photophobia (Chi-squared p=0.010) were more typical for migraine with aura, while nausea was more typical for migraine without aura (Chi-squared p=0.002). Duration of headache in migraine without aura was also longer man in migraine with aura (Mann-Whitney U-test 0.007). Conclusions: There are clinical differences between IHS defined migraine with and without aura; even the headache phase between the two entities differs. It is worthwhile distinguishing between them when looking for the elusive genes for these more common forms of migraine.
Assessment and management of auto‐erotic asphyxiation in a young man with learning disability: a multidisciplinary approach to intervention
Authors: Williams Alyson , Phillips Linda , Ahmed Zed 
Published: March 2003

SummaryA 20‐year‐old man with a mild‐to‐moderate learning disability was presented to services with a history of engaging in auto‐erotic practices. A multidisciplinary assessment was conducted which demonstrated that the client understood the difference between appropriate and inappropriate sexual behaviour, but his ability to transfer this knowledge to real‐life situations was limited. An intervention was instigated that focused on developing a greater range of social opportunities for the client whilst simultaneously monitoring his potential to re‐engage in the dangerous sexual practices. This intervention has led to an overall decrease in the frequency and severity of the behaviour that has been maintained over time.
An exploratory survey of opportunities and barriers to creative leisure activity for people with learning disabilities
Authors: Reynolds Frances 
Published: March 2003

SummaryThe present study examines an aspect of lifestyle that has received little attention, namely creative arts leisure occupations, and explores the opportunities and barriers to participation that confront community‐dwelling adults with learning disabilities. A survey of the managers of 34 residential homes in two major cities in the UK was carried out (reflecting a 54% return rate). They reported that art activities (including painting and pottery) were the most commonly available form of creative leisure occupation, and drama the least available. Creative occupations tended to occur in specialist settings, such as day centres, and a minority of residents participated in mainstream community groups and environments. Managers perceived the major barrier to creative leisure participation to be expense (i.e. for the activity itself and for support staff). Further barriers included insufficient staff to accommodate individual's personal interests, transport problems and unwelcoming community resources/attitudes. The results of the study indicate that many residents can engage in art within either mainstream and specialist resources. Other active creative occupations are not as accessible. Given its dependency on the voluntary return of questionnaires, the present survey may have provided a benign view of creative leisure provision. Even so, the barriers that were identified confirm some continuing problems with accessing community/mainstream facilities.
Overpressure and petroleum generation and accumulation in the Dongying Depression of the Bohaiwan Basin, China
Authors: Xie X. , Bethke C. M. , Li S. , Liu X. , Zheng H. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe occurrence of abnormally high formation pressures in the Dongying Depression of the Bohaiwan Basin, a prolific oil‐producing province in China, is controlled by rapid sedimentation and the distribution of centres of active petroleum generation. Abnormally high pressures, demonstrated by drill stem test (DST) and well log data, occur in the third and fourth members (Es3 and Es4) of the Eocene Shahejie Formation. Pressure gradients in these members commonly fall in the range 0.012–0.016 MPa m−1, although gradients as high as 0.018 MPa m−1 have been encountered. The zone of strongest overpressuring coincides with the areas in the central basin where the principal lacustrine source rocks, which comprise types I and II kerogen and have a high organic carbon content (>2%, ranging to 7.3%), are actively generating petroleum at the present day. The magnitude of overpressuring is related not only to the burial depth of the source rocks, but to the types of kerogen they contain. In the central basin, the pressure gradient within submember Es32, which contains predominantly type II kerogen, falls in the range 0.013–0.014 MPa m−1. Larger gradients of 0.014–0.016 MPa m−1 occur in submember Es33 and member Es4, which contain mixed type I and II kerogen. Numerical modelling indicates that, although overpressures are influenced by hydrocarbon generation, the primary control on overpressure in the basin comes from the effects of sediment compaction disequilibrium. A large number of oil pools have been discovered in the domes and faulted anticlines of the normally pressured strata overlying the overpressured sediments; the results of this study suggest that isolated sandstone reservoirs within the overpressured zone itself offer significant hydrocarbon potential.
Perceptions of the first time restaurant customer
Authors: Johns Nick , Kivela Jack 
Published: March 2003

AbstractInterviews with first time restaurant customers showed that all informants approached the new situation with great apprehension. They dealt with the resulting situational stress in different ways: by going in a group, or with a friend who had already been to the restaurant, by ascribing various feelings and motivations to other diners, by claiming ownership of specific features, and by editing out or ‘laughing off’ negative aspects of the experience. This study confirms and complements the findings of other studies, especially those concerned with customer expectations, perceived reliability and the interpersonal skills of service staff. Restaurant customers' perceptions may be explained in terms of territorial and group behaviour, as eating out occurs on another's territory, but at the same time a nonantagonistic social framework is required for the experience to be enjoyable. Implications for restaurant marketing are that customer groups should be targeted rather than individuals, greater reliance should be placed upon word of mouth and friends taking friends, and more consideration should be paid to the ‘messages’ emitted by restaurant exteriors, in order to render them less threatening.
Climate change in conservation areas of South Africa and its potential impact on floristic composition: a first assessment
Authors: Rutherford M. C. , Powrie L. W. , Schulze R. E. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryProjected climate change has been suspected of affecting the biota of conserved nature areas in different and significant ways. Nevertheless, strategic management within some nature conservation agencies appears relatively unprepared for the possible consequences of climate change. National level planning of reserve design networks has also tended to skirt the issue, possibly owing to insufficient analysis. This paper provides a first assessment of the possible effects of climate change on plant diversity within the protected area network of South Africa. A climate change scenario of increased temperature but no change in precipitation resulted in derived optimum growth days increasing in some reserves through increased temperature extending the growing season. In some other reserves optimum growth days declined through greater evapotranspiration. We concentrated on the larger reserves of the latter group for which conditions that are more limiting were predicted. Plant species were evaluated in terms of their critical limits in growth days and minimum temperature. Over a third of the species analysed for one reserve (Augrabies Falls National Park and Melkbosrand) was indicated to become locally extinct with climate change. Another reserve in the region showed fewer than 1% local extinctions. It is clear that although a certain magnitude of climate change is a prerequisite for these extinctions, the rate and number of extinctions depend strongly on the different environmental tolerances of the specific biotic components of the conserved area. Potential immigration of other species to Augrabies Falls/Melkbosrand required to balance the projected extinctions with climate change would need migration abilities and conditions that are unlikely to be met. A net decrease in plant diversity may thus be expected. The results confirm that with the climate change scenario used, the concept of sustaining species through fixed protected areas may be fundamentally flawed, at least in certain areas.
Biogeographic variation in coral species diversity on coral reefs in three regions of Indonesia
Authors: Edinger Evan N. , Kolasa Jurek , Risk Michael J. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract . This paper assesses variation in coral species diversity within the Indonesian archipelago, and the influence of regional species pools, geomorphology and anthropogenic pollution on coral species diversity and occurrence. We obtained transects from 33 sites on 14 reefs in three regions of Indonesia: Ambon (Moluccas), South Sulawesi and the Java Sea. We determined the within‐site species richness by using species‐sampling curves. Cluster analysis and multi‐dimensional scaling showed that land‐based pollution was the primary determinant of coral species diversity and species occurrence on reefs. Relatively unaffected reference sites in eastern Indonesia were approximately 20% more diverse than Java Sea reference sites. Rare species formed a higher proportion of the coral fauna on eastern Indonesian sites, and eastern Indonesian apparent endemic species contributed approximately 25% of the total species pool sampled. Between‐site variation in species occurrence was lower on Java Sea reefs than on eastern Indonesian reefs. A larger species pool in eastern Indonesia than in the Java Sea probably accounted for most of the difference in within‐site species diversity between eastern Indonesian and Java Sea reference sites. High fishing intensity in the Java Sea, including destructive fishing practices, may have also contributed to reduced within‐site species diversity on Java Sea reference reefs. Despite the fact that the Java Sea was exposed during Pleistocene lowstands, and was recolonized by marine organisms only within the last 10 000 years, coral species diversity and assemblage composition on the Java Sea reefs was largely similar to open ocean reefs in eastern Indonesia.
Beetle assemblages on willow trees: do phenolic glycosides matter?
Authors: Topp Werner , Kulfan Jan , Zach Peter , Nicolini Frank 
Published: March 2003

Abstract.Herbivorous beetles were sampled in central Slovakia and in the Tatra Mountains of northern Slovakia from seven different Salix species which are partly characterized by smooth leaves containing phenolic glycosides and partly by hairy leaves containing tannins. The collection included about 8000 individuals representing 129 species. Of the 129 species, 77 species are able to use the willows as hosts; the remaining 52 ‘tourist’ species comprise less than 3% of the collected individuals.The data on species richness and abundance did not generally support the ‘feeding specialization’ hypothesis. The proportion of specialized (= monophagous and oligophagous) beetles feeding on willows of both morphological and biochemical groups was in the same range. Host plants of the two groups could support high diversity and high evenness values, even when leaf characteristics and plant chemicals largely influenced species assemblage. The region in which the willow trees grow had a considerable impact on host plant use. Generalist beetle species predominated in central Slovakia. By contrast, in the Tatra Mountains, specialist feeders which are able to use phenolic glycosides to their advantage were predominant. The number of species and the total density of individuals collected from willows containing phenolic glycosides (S. fragilis and S. purpurea) did not usually vary between the two regions. In contrast, fewer species and individuals were found in the Tatra Mountains when they settled on willow species containing tannins (S. caprea and S. cinerea). Also, the phylogenetic status of host plants affected species assemblages. In central Slovakia willow species of the subgenus Vetrix (S. purpurea, S. caprea and S. cinerea) generally showed a higher beetle diversity (Hs) than species of the subgenus Salix (S. fragilis, S. alba and S. triandra), although both subgenera comprise species of both morphological and biochemical groups. Furthermore, when the analysis was restricted to beetles of central Slovakia, which should be most adapted to their host plants (i.e. catkin feeders and phyllophages in the adult and larval stage), the phylogenetic status was found to be more important than any single leaf character measured.
Biotransformation of xenobiotics by amine oxidases
Authors: Benedetti Margherita Strolin 
Published: March 2003

Although the cytochrome P450 (CYP) system ranks first in terms of catalytic versatility and the wide range of xenobiotics it detoxifies or activates to reactive intermediates, the contribution of amine oxidases and in particular of monoamine oxidases (MAOs) to the metabolism of xenobiotics is far from negligible but has been largely neglected.In this review on the involvement of amine oxidases in the metabolism of xenobiotics, the major characteristics reported for the CYP system (protein, reaction, tissue distribution, subcellular localisation, substrates, inhibitors, inducers, genetic polymorphism, impact of different physiopathological conditions on the activity, turnover) will be compared, whenever possible, with the corresponding characteristics of amine oxidases (MAOs in particular).The knowledge of the involvement of MAO‐A, ‐B or both in the metabolism of a drug allows us to predict interactions with selective or non‐selective MAO inhibitors (e.g. the metabolism of a drug deaminated by both forms of MAO is not necessarily inhibited in vivo by a selective MAO‐A or ‐B inhibitor). If a drug is metabolized by MAOs, competitive interactions can occur with other drugs that are MAO substrates, e.g. with β‐adrenoceptor agonists and antagonists, prodrugs of dopamine, serotonin 5‐HT1‐receptor agonists as well as with primaquine, flurazepam and citalopram. Moreover, the knowledge of the involvement of MAOs in the metabolism of a drug may suggest possible, although not obligatory, interactions with tyramine‐containing food or drink, with over the counter medicines sold to relieve the symptoms of coughs and colds (generally containing the indirectly‐acting sympathomimetic amine phenylpropanolamine) or with phenylephrine‐containing preparations.Finally, biotransformation by amine oxidases, as by CYP, does not always lead to detoxication but can produce toxic compounds.