bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional lung imaging of 2-year-old children after congenital diaphragmatic hernia repair using dynamic mode decomposition MRI
Authors: Ilicak Efe , Thater Greta , Ozdemir Safa , Zapp Jascha , Schad Lothar R. , Schoenberg Stefan O. , Zöllner Frank G. , Weis Meike 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Objectives
To investigate the feasibility of non-contrast-enhanced functional lung imaging in 2-year-old children after congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) repair.

Methods
Fifteen patients after CDH repair were examined using non-contrast-enhanced dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). For imaging two protocols were used during free-breathing: Protocol A with high temporal resolution and Protocol B with high spatial resolution. The dynamic images were then analysed through a recently developed post-processing method called dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) to obtain ventilation and perfusion maps. The ventilation ratios (VRatio) and perfusion ratios (QRatio) of ipsilateral to contralateral lung were compared to evaluate functional differences. Lastly, DMD MRI-based perfusion results were compared with perfusion parameters obtained using dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI to assess agreement between methods.

Results
Both imaging protocols successfully generated pulmonary ventilation (V) and perfusion (Q) maps in all patients. Overall, the VRatio and QRatio values were 0.84 ± 0.19 and 0.70 ± 0.24 for Protocol A, and 0.88 ± 0.18 and 0.72 ± 0.23 for Protocol B, indicating reduced ventilation ($$p<0.05$$

p
<
0.05

) and perfusion ($$p<0.01$$

p
<
0.01

) on the ipsilateral side. Moreover, there is a very strong positive correlation ($$r>0.89,p<0.01$$

r
>
0.89
,
p
<
0.01

) and close agreement between DMD MRI-based perfusion values and DCE MRI-based perfusion parameters.

Conclusions
DMD MRI can obtain pulmonary functional information in 2-year-old CDH patients. The results obtained with DMD MRI correlate with DCE MRI, without the need for ionising radiation or exposure to contrast agents. While further studies with larger cohorts are warranted, DMD MRI is a promising option for functional lung imaging in CDH patients.

Clinical relevance statement
We demonstrate that pulmonary ventilation and perfusion information can be obtained in 2-year-old patients after CDH repair, without the need for ionising radiation or contrast agents by utilising non-contrast-enhanced MRI acquisitions together with dynamic mode decomposition analysis.

Key Points
• Non-contrast-enhanced functional MR imaging is a promising option for functional lung imaging in 2-year-old children after congenital diaphragmatic hernia.
• DMD MRI can generate pulmonary ventilation and perfusion maps from free-breathing dynamic acquisitions without the need for ionising radiation or contrast agents.
• Lung perfusion parameters obtained with DMD MRI correlate with perfusion parameters obtained using dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI.
Invasive mammal control selects for trap-recalcitrant behaviour and personality
Authors: Johnstone K. C. , Garvey P. , Hickling G. J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractKill-trapping is an important management tool for suppressing invasive mammalian predator populations in New Zealand, including the common brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula). We conducted a combined field and pen experiment to test the hypothesis that intensive kill-trapping selects for survivors that differ behaviourally from the general population present before trapping begins. We installed 109 kill traps in a 120 ha forest reserve and over 20 weeks removed > 95% of the reserve’s possum population. Effort required rose from 12 trap nights per possum removed at the start of the operation to 560 trap nights per possum removed after 20 weeks of control. As the operation progressed, the estimated probability of possums being kill-trapped in the reserve declined from 0.30 to 0.15 per possum per week. Similarly, camera monitoring revealed that the average probability of a possum being killed when it encountered a kill-trap fell by 59% during the operation, indicating that the surviving population was becoming increasingly trap-recalcitrant. Behavioural testing of possums live-captured from the reserve at three time points revealed that survivors live-trapped 20 weeks into the operation were significantly shyer than those live-trapped before the operation began. In captivity, personality associated with boldness and activity/exploration was a significant predictor of whether a possum would trigger pest control devices it had not previously encountered. Heterogeneity of trappability affects the effort and cost required to eradicate invasive mammalian predators. Understanding the influence of personality on trappability is an important first step towards developing more effective methods to target trap-recalcitrant individuals.
Adjusting nitrogen fertilization to spatial variations in growth conditions in silvopastoral systems for improved nitrogen use efficiency
Authors: Komainda Martin , Sutterlütti Rahel , Kayser Manfred , Isselstein Johannes 
Published: November 2023

AbstractGrass swards in silvopastoral systems have a lower herbage production near trees than open grassland. This is related to a lower nitrogen (N) uptake in an area close to the tree lines. The N use efficiency for the whole field can then be improved when N input is spatially adjusted and the overall amount reduced. We performed a 2-year field experiment to gain insights into this idea for making savings on N inputs by studying the response of the grass sward to fertilizer N input in relation to the distance from trees. We hypothesized an interaction between N input rate and position to the tree line on grassland herbage production and N uptake and, accordingly, N use efficiency. The field trial was carried out in a silvopastoral system in Germany consisting of the factors year (2019 and 2020), position (2.5, 6.5 and 24.5 m distances to tree line), annual N application rate (0, 15 and 30 g N m−2) and harvest date (four harvests per year). We found significant interactions between position × N rate for all target variables, and usually also in interactions with the harvest date or year. The N application close to trees at a distance < 6.5 m had in most cases no significant influence on herbage production but significantly increased herbage production by up to 35% at positions further away. Omitting the N fertilization in a corridor of 6.5 m near the trees would contribute directly to the saving of fertilizer N without a negative trade-off in herbage production.
A novel degradable PCL/PLLA strapping band for internal fixation of fracture
Authors: Jin Baoyan , Zhang Chongjing , Zhong Zeyuan , Liu Zichen , Zhang Zhenhua , Li Dejian , Zhu Min , Yu Baoqing 
Published: November 2023

AbstractEarly fracture fixation is the critical factor in fracture healing. Common internal fracture implants are made of metallic materials, which often affects the imaging quality of CT and MRI. Most patients will choose secondary surgery to remove the internal fixation implants, which causes secondary damage to them. The development of new degradable internal fracture implants has attracted more and more attention from orthopedic surgeons and researchers. Based on these problems, we improved the various properties of medical grade polycaprolactone (PCL) by adding poly(L-lactide) (PLLA). We produced PCL/PLLA strapping bands with different mass ratios by injection molding. We compared the mechanical properties, degradation properties, cell biocompatibility, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) adhesion, proliferation, osteogenic differentiation and fracture fixation effect of these strapping bands. The results showed that the tensile strength and yield force of the strapping bands increased with the increase of the content of PLLA. The addition of PLLA could significantly improve the mechanical strength in the early stage and accelerate the degradation rate of the strapping band. PCL/PLLA (80/20) strapping band had no significant cytotoxicity toward rBMSCs and could promote osteogenic differentiation of rBMSCs. The strapping band could ensure femoral fracture healing of beagles in 3 months and didn’t cause damage to the surrounding tissues and main organs. This study will provide some new insights into the biodegradable products of PCL/PLLA blends for internal fixation of fracture.
Graphical Abstract
Verification of Wiedemann–Franz Law in Silver with Moderate Residual Resistivity Ratio
Authors: Lucas Marijn , Levitin Lev V. , Knappová Petra , Nyéki Ján , Casey Andrew , Saunders John 
Published: November 2023

AbstractElectrical and thermal transport were studied in a vacuum-annealed polycrystalline silver wire with residual resistivity ratio 200 – 400, in the temperature range 0.1$$-$$
-
1.2 K and in magnetic fields up to 5 T. Both at zero field and at 5 T the wire exhibits the Wiedemann–Franz law with the fundamental Lorenz number, contrary to an earlier report (Gloos et al., in Cryogenics 30:14–18, 1990). Our result demonstrates that silver is an excellent material for thermal links in ultra-low-temperature experiments operating at high magnetic fields.
Validity of the Capacity to Work Index: Development of an Instrument to Measure Work Capacity in Relation to Depression and Anxiety in the General Working Population
Authors: Hensing Gunnel , van Diepen Cornelia , Boström Maria , Bertilsson Monica 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To develop an index to assess capacity to work in relation to common mental disorders (CMDs) in the general working population and field test its psychometric properties.

Methods
Content analysis of three qualitative studies on people (n = 49) with their own experiences of working with CMD guided the items selected for the index. Face and content validity and test-retest reliability were performed. The index was field tested in two versions with 26 and 17 items, respectively, among health care professionals regarding internal reliability, component structure and concurrent validity.

Results
The final version of the Capacity to Work Index (C2WI; 17 items) was normally distributed in the field test with high internal reliability (Cronbach’s alpha, 0.84). Missing responses were randomly distributed and nonspecific. Principal component analysis showed one clear component with negatively framed items. Concurrent validity showed high correlation with the WHO-5 Well-Being Scale (Pearson’s r, 0.68), but lower correlation for the general health question (r, − 0.44), one item of the Work Ability Index (r, − 0.33), and the Stress of Conscience constructs (r, 0.44).

Conclusion
The C2WI showed promising psychometric qualities. Low and negative correlation with the item from Work Ability Index suggests that the C2WI measures additional dimensions, but further testing in larger and more diverse samples is required.
Identity Matters for Well-Being: The Longitudinal Associations Between Identity Processes and Well-Being in Adolescents with Different Cultural Backgrounds
Authors: De Lise Francesca , Luyckx Koen , Crocetti Elisabetta 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAdolescents’ identity processes and their levels of well-being are likely to be intertwined. On the one hand, how adolescents cope with the core developmental task of forming their identity has important implications for their well-being. On the other hand, experiencing a condition of well-being can help adolescents consolidate their identity. This longitudinal study adopted a multidimensional and culturally sensitive perspective to unravel how identity processes (i.e., commitment, in-depth exploration, and reconsideration of commitment) in two domains (i.e., educational and interpersonal identity) were developmentally related to multiple indicators of positive well-being (i.e., physical health, subjective, psychological, and social well-being) in adolescents with different cultural backgrounds. Participants were 1396 adolescents (Mage = 15.73, SDage = 1.23, 49.93% females; 20.89% with a migrant background) who completed questionnaires at four-time points across one year. Results of cross-lagged models confirmed the positive reciprocal associations between identity commitment and well-being in all its facets. The nuanced picture of associations of in-depth exploration and reconsideration of commitment with multiple dimensions of well-being highlighted the importance of adopting a multi-dimensional perspective on well-being and a domain-specific approach to identity. Multigroup analyses indicated that the associations between identity commitment in the educational domain and well-being are relevant, especially for adolescents with a migrant background. Overall, this study highlights the centrality of identity processes for adolescents’ adaptation and points to a dynamic loop of reciprocal influences at the core of youth positive development.
Factors Associated with Suspected Developmental Delay in Thai Children Born with Low Birth Weight or Asphyxia
Authors: Tangviriyapaiboon Duangkamol , Thaineua Vallop , Sirithongthaworn Samai , Kanshana Siripon , Damrongtamwattana Siriwat , Prasitwattanaseree Sukon , Srikummoon Pimwarat , Thongsak Natthapat , Thumronglaohapun Salinee , Traisathit Patrinee 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Objectives
The aim of the study was to identify factors associated with a risk of suspected developmental delay (SDD) in high-risk children in Thailand.

Methods
We used data on children enrolled for developmental delay (DD) screening across Thailand collected by the Rajanagarindra Institute of Child Development, Department of Mental Health, Ministry of Public Health, Thailand. Children who were under 5 years of age with a birth weight of fewer than 2500 g and/or birth asphyxia in Thailand with high risk of DD were assessed using the Developmental Assessment for Intervention Manual (DAIM) between August 2013 and November 2019 (N = 14,314).

Results
The high-risk children who had a gestational age at birth of < 37 weeks (adjusted odds ratio = 1.54; 95% confidence interval = 1.39–1.70) and/or had a birth weight < 2500 g (1.22; 1.02–1.45), or had mothers who were not government officers (1.46; 1.11–1.93), had a low education level (1.36; 1.19–1.55), had a poor nutritional status (1.34; 1.09–1.65), and/or who were living in a high-altitude area (1.59; 1.32–1.91) were at a higher risk of SDD.

Conclusions for Practice
Children with a low birth weight and/or asphyxia during birth had a high risk of DD. SDD monitoring of children by community health workers and/or by developing outreach strategies, especially in underserved regions, should be considered. In addition, developing policies and guidelines, and intervention for high-risk children ought to be conducted to reduce the subsequent problems caused by the late detection of DD.
Recent Trends in Plasma-Assisted CO2 Methanation: A Critical Review of Recent Studies
Authors: Ullah Sana , Gao Yuan , Dou Liguang , Liu Yadi , Shao Tao , Yang Yunxia , Murphy Anthony B. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn recent years, enormous efforts have been devoted to alleviating global energy demand and the climate crisis. This has instigated the search for alternative energy sources with a reduced carbon footprint. Catalytic hydrogenation of CO2 to CH4, known as the methanation reaction, is a pathway to utilise CO2 and renewable hydrogen simultaneously. However, owing to the high stability of CO2 and thermodynamic limitations at higher temperatures, the methanation process is energy intensive. Non-thermal plasma technology has recently emerged as a promising approach to lowering the activation temperature of CO2. The application of a plasma coupled with catalytic materials allows the methanation reaction to occur at or near ambient conditions, with dielectric barrier discharges providing superior performance. The review considers the various catalytic materials applied for plasma-assisted catalytic CO2 methanation and assesses CO2 conversion, CH4 yield and fuel production efficiency obtained. The importance of reactor designs and process parameters are discussed in detail. The possible reaction pathways are considered based on in-situ and other diagnostics and modelling studies. Finally, a perspective on current barriers and opportunities for advances in non-thermal plasma technology for CO2 methanation is presented.
Surgical prioritization based on decision model outcomes is not sensitive to differences between the health-related quality of life values estimates of physicians and citizens
Authors: van Alphen Anouk M. I. A. , Krijkamp Eline M. , Gravesteijn Benjamin Y. , Baatenburg de Jong Robert J. , Busschbach Jan J. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Decision models can be used to support allocation of scarce surgical resources. These models incorporate health-related quality of life (HRQoL) values that can be determined using physician panels. The predominant opinion is that one should use values obtained from citizens. We investigated whether physicians give different HRQoL values to citizens and evaluate whether such differences impact decision model outcomes.

Methods
A two-round Delphi study was conducted. Citizens estimated HRQoL of pre- and post-operative health states for ten surgeries using a visual analogue scale. These values were compared using Bland–Altman analysis with HRQoL values previously obtained from physicians. Impact on decision model outcomes was evaluated by calculating the correlation between the rankings of surgeries established using the physicians’ and the citizens’ values.

Results
A total of 71 citizens estimated HRQoL. Citizens’ values on the VAS scale were − 0.07 points (95% CI − 0.12 to − 0.01) lower than the physicians’ values. The correlation between the rankings of surgeries based on citizens’ and physicians’ values was 0.96 (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
Physicians put higher values on health states than citizens. However, these differences only result in switches between adjacent entries in the ranking. It would seem that HRQoL values obtained from physicians are adequate to inform decision models during crises.
Topology-driven goodness-of-fit tests in arbitrary dimensions
Authors: Dłotko Paweł , Hellmer Niklas , Stettner Łukasz , Topolnicki Rafał 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis paper adopts a tool from computational topology, the Euler characteristic curve (ECC) of a sample, to perform one- and two-sample goodness of fit tests. We call our procedure TopoTests. The presented tests work for samples of arbitrary dimension, having comparable power to the state-of-the-art tests in the one-dimensional case. It is demonstrated that the type I error of TopoTests can be controlled and their type II error vanishes exponentially with increasing sample size. Extensive numerical simulations of TopoTests are conducted to demonstrate their power for samples of various sizes.
EML4-ALK fusion protein in Lung cancer cells enhances venous thrombogenicity through the pERK1/2-AP-1-tissue factor axis
Authors: Su Yanping , Yi Jiawen , Zhang Yuan , Leng Dong , Huang Xiaoxi , Shi Xinyu , Zhang Yuhui 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Accumulating evidence links the echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4 (EML4)-anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangement to venous thromboembolism (VTE) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. However, the corresponding mechanisms remain unclear.

Method
High-throughput sequencing analysis of H3122 human ALK-positive NSCLC cells treated with ALK inhibitor/ dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was performed to identify coagulation-associated differential genes between EML4-ALK fusion protein inhibited cells and control cells. Sequentially, we confirmed its expression in NSCLC patients’ tissues and in the plasma of a subcutaneous xenograft mouse model. An inferior vena cava (IVC) ligation model was used to assess clot formation potential. Additionally, pathways involved in tissue factor (TF) regulation were explored in ALK-positive cell lines H3122 and H2228. Statistical significance was determined by Student t-test and one-way ANOVA using SPSS.

Results
Sequencing analysis identified a significant downregulation of TF after inhibiting EML4-ALK fusion protein activity in H3122 cells. In clinical NSCLC cases, TF expression was increased especially in ALK-positive NSCLC tissues. Meanwhile, H3122 and H2228 with high TF expression exhibited shorter plasma clotting time and higher TF activity versus ALK-negative H1299 and A549 in cell culture supernatant. Mice bearing H2228 tumor showed a higher concentration of tumor-derived TF and TF activity in plasma and the highest adjusted IVC clot weights. Limiting EML4-ALK protein phosphorylation downregulated extracellular regulated protein kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2)-activating the protein-1(AP-1) signaling pathway and thus attenuated TF expression.

Conclusion
EML4-ALK fusion protein may enhance venous thrombogenicity by regulating coagulation factor TF expression. There was potential involvement of the pERK1/2-AP-1 pathway in this process.
Virtue Ethics and the Morality System
Authors: Queloz Matthieu , van Ackeren Marcel 
Published: November 2023

AbstractVirtue ethics is frequently billed as a remedy to the problems of deontological and consequentialist ethics that Bernard Williams identified in his critique of “the morality system.” But how far can virtue ethics be relied upon to avoid these problems? What does Williams’s critique of the morality system mean for virtue ethics? To answer this question, we offer a more principled characterisation of the defining features of the morality system in terms of its organising ambition—to shelter life against luck. This reveals the system to be multiply realisable: the same function can be served by substantively different but functionally equivalent ideas. After identifying four requirements that ethical thought must meet to function as a morality system, we show that they can also be met by certain constellations of virtue-ethical ideas, including notably Stoicism. We thereby demonstrate the possibility of virtue-ethical morality systems raising problems analogous to those besetting their deontological and consequentialist counterparts. This not only widens the scope of Williams’s critique and brings out the cautionary aspect of his legacy for virtue ethics; it also offers contemporary virtue ethicists a more principled understanding of the functional features that mark out morality systems and lie at the root of their problems, thereby helping them avoid or overcome these problems.