bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular and cellular influences of butylated hydroxyanisole on Chinese hamster V79 cells treated with N‐methyl‐N′‐nitro‐N‐nitrosoguanidine: Antimutagenicity of butylated hydroxyanisole
Authors: Slameňová Darina , Horváthová Eva , Robichová Soňa , Hrušovská L'ubica , Gábelová Alena , Kleibl Karol , Jakubíková Jana , Sedlák Ján 
Published: January 2003

AbstractThe antioxidant butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) is a rodent carcinogen that also reduces the mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of other agents. In this study, we have evaluated possible mechanisms for the antimutagenicity of BHA by investigating its effects on N‐methyl‐N′‐nitro‐N‐nitrosoguanidine (MNNG)‐treated Chinese hamster V79 cells. Mutant frequency was determined using the hprt/V79 assay, while plating efficiency was used to measure cytotoxicity, and apoptosis was measured by flow immunofluorocytometry. In addition, DNA strand breaks and the kinetics of strand‐break rejoining were investigated by the alkaline elution of DNA and by single‐cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE). Although the higher concentration of BHA (0.5 mM) increased the cytotoxicity of MNNG and the lower concentration of BHA (0.25 mM) did not change it, both concentrations were antimutagenic in MNNG‐treated cells, with the greater effect occurring at the lower BHA concentration. Neither BHA nor MNNG nor BHA + MNNG increased the level of apoptotic nuclei, and BHA did not change the level of MNNG‐induced DNA strand breaks, though it did inhibit their rejoining. Determination of O6‐methylguanine‐DNA‐methyltransferase (MGMT) activity confirmed that V79 cells do not synthesize active MGMT protein; MGMT activity was also undetectable after MNNG and BHA + MNNG treatment. The ability of BHA to reduce the level of MNNG‐induced mutations did not correlate with cytotoxicity, induction of apoptosis, the level of DNA strand break induction, or MGMT activity. A modified SCGE assay showed that BHA significantly reduced the level of formamidopyrimidine‐DNA‐glycosylase + endonucleaseIII‐sensitive sites, which at least partially are caused by oxidative DNA lesions. The results suggest that the protective effect of BHA on MNNG‐induced mutagenicity is best explained by the antioxidative activity of BHA, which may scavenge free radicals that participate in MNNG‐induced mutagenicity. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 41:28–36, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genotoxicity and toxicity of the potential cancer‐preventive agent polyphenon E
Authors: Chang Polly Y. , Mirsalis Jon , Riccio Edward S. , Bakke James P. , Lee Pamela S. , Shimon Julie , Phillips Sandra , Fairchild David , Hara Yukihiko , Crowell James A. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractThe potential health benefits of green tea continue to attract public and scientific interests and are attributed in part to polyphenolic catechin constituents. Polyphenon E (Poly E) is a decaffeinated green tea catechin mixture containing about 50% epigallocatechin gallate and 30% other catechins. We evaluated the toxicity and genotoxicity of Poly E by using two in vitro assays: bacterial mutagenesis in a Salmonella typhimurium–E. coli assay and the L5178Y mouse lymphoma cell thymidine kinase (Tk) gene mutation assay. In addition, we used two in vivo genotoxicity assays: the mouse micronucleus assay and the Big Blue cII transgenic mouse mutation assay. Repeat‐dose toxicity evaluations were performed in mice in parallel with the Big Blue transgenic mutation assays. No significant increases in the revertant colonies were found in the bacterial mutagenesis assay, but a significant increase in the mutant frequency (MF) at the Tk locus was observed in the mouse lymphoma test system. We observed toxicity in mice when Poly E was administered at doses of 2,000 mg/kg/day. Lower doses produced no significant increases in micronucleated erythrocytes in the bone marrow of Swiss‐Webster mice and no significant increases in cII transgene MF in the liver, lung, or spleen compared with controls. These results indicate that Poly E, although toxic at high doses (2,000 mg/kg/day), poses minimal genotoxic concern. In addition, these studies highlight the importance of using both in vitro and in vivo systems in genetic toxicity screening of pharmaceuticals before they are administered to humans. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 41:43–54, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mutagenic activation of arylamines by subcellular fractions of Chamaelea gallina clams exposed to environmental pollutants
Authors: Rodríguez‐Ortega Manuel José , Rodríguez‐Ariza Antonio , Amezcua Oscar , López‐Barea Juan 
Published: January 2003

AbstractBiochemical measurements in the sentinel clam Chamaelea gallina have been used as biomarkers of marine pollution. In this study, S9, cytosolic fractions (CF), and microsomal fractions (MF) prepared from unexposed clams and clams exposed to model pollutants were used to activate 2–aminoanthracene (2‐AA) and 2–acetylaminofluorene (AAF) to mutagens in Salmonella typhimurium strain BA149, which overexpresses O‐acetyltransferase. Arylamine activation was similar with subcellular fractions from unexposed and Aroclor 1254‐exposed clams, but decreased with fractions from As(III)‐ and Cu(II)‐exposed clams. Bioactivation of arylamines by CF was higher than by MF, and higher with NADH than with NADPH as the reducing agent. α‐Naphthoflavone inhibited AAF activation by CF and MF, but increased 2‐AA activation nearly twofold. In contrast to the results with arylamine activation, benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylase (BPH) activity increased twofold in fractions from Aroclor 1254‐ and Cu(II)‐exposed clams. Activation of 2‐AA was also evaluated using S9 fractions from clams sampled at littoral sites with different pollutant levels. Compared to a reference site, lower 2‐AA bioactivation and higher BPH activity were found in clams containing high levels of copper and organic contaminants, although the differences were not statistically significant. While these findings agree with the results of the model Cu(II) exposure, the effects of other pollutants cannot be ruled out. The results of the study demonstrate that arylamine activation by clams is not preferentially catalyzed by microsomal monooxygenases but by unknown cytosolic system(s), and that bioactivation of 2–AA and AAF appears to occur by different pathways. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 41:55–63, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Treatment and sampling protocols for transgenic mutation assays
Authors: Heddle John A. , Martus Hans‐Joerg , Douglas George R. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractThe standard protocol for testing chemicals with the transgenic mutation assays in vivo includes a period of time between treatment and sampling to permit the mutation frequency to reach a maximum. Recent evidence has shown, however, that for some chemicals the mutant frequency can decline substantially during this period, which would reduce the sensitivity of the assay. Here we discuss alternate protocols to maintain the sensitivity of the assay for both types of mutagens and, in particular, propose that treatments should continue until the time of sampling. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 41:1–6, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Polymorphisms for chemical metabolizing genes and risk for cervical neoplasia
Authors: Sierra‐Torres Carlos H. , Au William W. , Arrastia Concepcion D. , Cajas‐Salazar Nohelia , Robazetti Sonia C. , Payne Deborah A. , Tyring Stephen K. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractInfection with high‐risk human papillomavirus (HPV) plays a major role in the etiology of cervical cancer (CC). However, most infected women do not develop cancer. Therefore, exposure to other carcinogenic agents may be a contributing risk factor for CC. We investigated the hypothesis that environmental exposure to cigarette smoke and inheritance of polymorphic chemical metabolizing genes (CYP2E1, GSTM1, and mEH) significantly increase the risk for neoplasia. We selected 76 cases with high‐grade cervical neoplasia or with invasive CC and 75 matched healthy controls. The collected data support the well‐established observation that infection with high‐risk HPV is the major risk factor for CC (OR = 75; 95% CI = 26–220). In addition, our data show that women who smoked more than 15 “pack‐year” had a significant 6.9‐fold increase in risk (95% CI = 1.2–40.3) after adjustment for HPV infection. The CYP2E1 variant genotype did not significantly increase the risk for neoplasia. A significant increase in risk for neoplasia was observed for the low‐activity mEH 113 His allele after adjustment for smoking (OR = 3.0; 95% CI = 1.4–6.3). The GSTM1 null genotype was associated with a significant 3.3‐fold increased risk for neoplasia (95% CI = 1.0–11.8) compared to women who were GSTM1‐positive after adjustment for smoking and HPV infection. Our study suggests that genetic differences in the metabolism of cigarette smoke, particularly GSTM1, may confer susceptibility to CC. Further studies using larger populations will be needed to confirm our observations and to validate data for disease prevention. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 41:69–76, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
1‐Methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine–induced lipid peroxidation and DNA damage in mouse bone marrow and blood
Authors: Ortiz Genaro G. , Zúñiga‐González Guillermo , García Joaquín J. , Torres‐Bugarín Olivia , Zamora‐Perez Ana , Bitzer‐Quintero Oscar K. 
Published: January 2003

Abstract1‐Methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) is a neurotoxin that induces Parkinsonism in humans, monkeys, and mice and oxidative stress in mammalian cells and tissues. In the present study, the relationship between the generation of lipid peroxidation products and DNA damage was studied in mice treated with MPTP. The frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MN‐PCE) and the concentrations of malonaldehyde and 4‐hydroxyalkenals were determined in the bone marrow and peripheral blood of mice 0, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hr after treatment with MPTP, cyclophosphamide as a positive control, or diluent. Both MN‐PCE and the lipid peroxidation products increased in MPTP‐treated mice, with significant levels being detected in bone marrow starting at 24 hr after treatment and in blood starting at 48 hr after treatment. These results suggest that the generation of oxidative products is related to the DNA damage produced by MPTP in mice. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 41:64–68, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Large displacement behaviour of a structural model with foundation uplift under impulsive and earthquake excitations
Authors: Oliveto Giuseppe , Caliò Ivo , Greco Annalisa 
Published: January 2003

AbstractThis paper considers the dynamical behaviour of a structural model with foundation uplift. The equations of motion of the system considered are derived for large displacements thus allowing for the eventual overturning of the system. The transition conditions between successive phases of motion, derived in terms of the specific Lagrangian co‐ordinates used in the formulation of the equations of motion, present innovative aspects which resolve some previously inexplicable behaviour in the structural response reported in the literature. The dynamical behaviour of the model is considered under impulsive and long‐duration ground motions. The minimum horizontal acceleration impulses for the uplift and the overturning of the system are evaluated in analytical form. The sensitivity of the model to uplifting and to overturning under impulsive excitations is established as a function of few significant structural parameters. Numerical applications have been performed changing either the structural parameters or the loading parameter, in order to analyse several dynamical behaviours and also to validate the analytical results. For earthquake ground motions the results, reported in the form of response spectra, show that linearized models generally underestimate, sometimes significantly, the structural response. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Soil–pile–structure interaction under SH wave excitation
Authors: Koo K. K. , Chau K. T. , Yang X. , Lam S. S. , Wong Y. L. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractA continuum model for the interaction analysis of a fully coupled soil–pile–structure system under seismic excitation is presented in this paper. Only horizontal shaking induced by harmonic SH waves is considered so that the soil–pile–structure system is under anti‐plane deformation. The soil mass, pile and superstructure were all considered as elastic with hysteretic damping, while geometrically both pile and structures were simplified as a beam model. Buildings of various heights in Hong Kong designed to resist wind load were analysed using the present model. It was discovered that the acceleration of the piled‐structures at ground level can, in general, be larger than that of a free‐field shaking of the soil site, depending on the excitation frequency. For typical piled‐structures in Hong Kong, the amplification factor of shaking at the ground level does not show simple trends with the number of storeys of the superstructure, the thickness and the stiffness of soil, and the stiffness of the superstructure if number of storeys is fixed. The effect of pile stiffness on the amplification factor of shaking is, however, insignificant. Thus, simply increasing the pile size or the superstructure stiffness does not necessarily improve the seismic resistance of the soil–pile–structure system; on the contrary, it may lead to excessive amplification of shaking for the whole system. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of modal pushover analysis using generic frames
Authors: Chintanapakdee Chatpan , Chopra Anil K. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractAn Erratum has been published for this article in Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics 2003; 32:1795.The recently developed modal pushover analysis (MPA) has been shown to be a significant improvement over the pushover analysis procedures currently used in structural engineering practice. None of the current invariant force distributions accounts for the contribution of higher modes—higher than the fundamental mode—to the response or for redistribution of inertial forces because of structural yielding. By including the contributions of a sufficient number of modes of vibration (generally two to three), the height‐wise distribution of responses estimated by MPA is generally similar to the ‘exact’ results from non‐linear response history analysis (RHA). Although the results of the previous research were extremely promising, only a few buildings were evaluated. The results presented below evaluate the accuracy of MPA for a wide range of buildings and ground motion ensembles. The selected structures are idealized frames of six different heights: 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, and 18 stories and five strength levels corresponding to SDF‐system ductility factor of 1, 1.5, 2, 4, and 6; each frame is analysed for 20 ground motions. Comparing the median values of storey‐drift demands determined by MPA to those obtained from non‐linear RHA shows that the MPA predicts reasonably well the changing height‐wise variation of demand with building height and SDF‐system ductility factor. Median and dispersion values of the ratios of storey‐drift demands determined by MPA and non‐linear‐RHA procedures were computed to measure the bias and dispersion of MPA estimates with the following results: (1) the bias and dispersion in the MPA procedure tend to increase for longer‐period frames and larger SDF‐system ductility factors (although these trends are not perfect); (2) the bias and dispersion in MPA estimates of seismic demands for inelastic frames are usually larger than for elastic systems; (3) the well‐known response spectrum analysis (RSA), which is equivalent to the MPA for elastic systems, consistently underestimates the response of elastic structures, e.g. up to 18% in the upper‐storey drifts of 18‐storey frames. Finally, the MPA procedure is simplified to facilitate its implementation in engineering practice—where the earthquake hazard is usually defined in terms of a median (or some other percentile) design spectrum for elastic systems—and the accuracy of this simplified procedure is documented. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Performance of hollow composite members subjected to cyclic eccentric loading
Authors: Hsu H.‐L. , Liang L.‐L. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractThis study focused on the experimental examination of how hollow composite members perform when subjected to eccentric lateral loading that induces combined bending and torsional stresses. It was found that premature cracking degraded section integrity and interfered with steel–concrete interaction when members were subjected to combined bending and torsion. It was also found that members' bending capacities and ductilities were significantly reduced when the members were subjected to torsion. Relationships among member performance, magnitude of torsion, and sectional aspect ratios were studied to evaluate the torsional effects on member performances and to establish design references for hollow composite member constructions. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The seismic performance of braced timber pile bents
Authors: Shama Ayman A. , Mander John B. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractThe seismic performance of timber bridge substructures is not well established, particularly when compared to concrete highway bridges. This paper presents a dual experimental‐computational modelling program to investigate the seismic behaviour of typical braced timber bridge pile bents. For this purpose, a prototype timber bridge was used to develop a near‐full‐size physical model that was used for shaking table experiments and quasi‐static reversed cyclic loading tests on the laboratory strong‐floor. A non‐linear force‐displacement computational modelling study was also undertaken as a companion effort to the experimental investigation. On the basis of the experimental study, seismic vulnerability analysis was conducted for this kind of timber bridge principally with shaking in the transverse direction. In this analysis, a simplified fundamental mechanics‐based approach was employed from which fragility curves were derived. The study showed that braced timber pile bents have considerable strength and deformability capability. Nevertheless, they are not immune from earthquake damage. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural vibration control by shape memory alloy damper
Authors: Han Yu‐Lin , Li Q. S. , Li Ai‐Qun , Leung A. Y. T. , Lin Ping‐Hua 
Published: January 2003

AbstractA damper device based on shape memory alloy (SMA) wires is developed for structural control implementation. The design procedures of the SMA damper are presented. As a case study, eight such SMA dampers are installed in a frame structure to verify the effectiveness of the damper devices. Experimental results show that vibration decay of the SMA damper controlled frame is much faster than that of the uncontrolled frame. The finite‐element method is adopted to conduct the free and forced vibration analysis of the controlled and uncontrolled frame. The experimental and numerical results illustrate that the developed SMA dampers are very effective in reducing structural response and have great potential for use as efficient energy dissipation devices with the advantages of good control of force and no lifetime limits, etc. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fort Huachuca decision raises the bar for Fort Irwin expansion
Authors: Spotila James R. , Avery Harold W. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractA recent Ninth U.S. District Court decision on a biological opinion for Fort Huachuca in Arizona reinforces the
requirement that federal agencies are ultimately responsible for their obligations to conserve endangered and
threatened species under the Endangered Species Act. This decision has direct implications for the Army's
attempt to gain a favorable biological opinion for training activities on the recently acquired expansion lands at
Fort Irwin, California. Irrespective of whether or not the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service issues a favorable
biological opinion, the Army must independently demonstrate that it is undertaking specific, measurable mitigation
activities that will assure the recovery of the desert tortoise and other endangered or threatened species
affected by its expansion activities. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Secondary treatment of shipboard oily wastewater with ultrafiltration membranes
Authors: Murphy Lawrence P. , Finger Stanley M. , Nestle Holly L. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractThis article describes the development of an effective, reliable secondary treatment system for shipboard oily
wastewater. The need for secondary treatment was identified on newer “dry bilge” ships producing less
bilgewater with higher concentrations of emulsified oil than older ships. Secondary treatment uses ultrafiltration
(UF) membranes incorporating Open Systems Architecture (OSA) to accommodate membranes from
several suppliers. This approach enhances competition while facilitating future technology insertion to reduce
system cost and improve system performance.The process for developing the oily wastewater secondary treatment system includes:• Needs identification• Treatment technology selection• Initial market survey; selection of representative membranes• Interface requirements development• Performance and testing requirements• Small‐scale testing and validation of performance requirements• Technical specification development• Full‐scale prototype design and validation testing• Full‐scale systems procurement• New technologyWhile we have focused on secondary treatment systems operating at 6.7, 10, and 50 gal/min, the technology
can be scaled to other flow rates. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Introduction: Integrating self‐help into psychotherapy
Authors: Scogin Forrest R. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractThis brief article introduces the In Session issue devoted to integrating self‐help into psychotherapy. The utility of self‐help in psychotherapy is discussed, including the potential for enhancing the effectiveness of psychotherapy. Brief descriptions of the seven articles comprising this special issue are provided. These include articles on bibliotherapy, autobiography, films and psychotherapy, Internet self‐help resources, focused expressive writing, and a review of the research on self‐administered treatments. These articles give practitioners a number of ideas about how to augment their treatments with self‐help approaches. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol/In Session 59: 175–176, 2003.
Integrating self‐help books into psychotherapy
Authors: Campbell Linda F. , Smith Thomas P. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractThis article describes a systematic and integral method of incorporating self‐help books into psychotherapy as a collaborative function. We address the distinctions between self‐help and bibliotherapy, consider bibliotherapy as adjunctive or integrative to psychotherapy, and outline the multiple uses of bibliotherapy for clinical purposes. How to apply self‐help books in psychotherapy and ways to select books are illustrated by a case example. Indications and contraindications for bibliotherapy in therapy are outlined. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol/In Session 59: 177–186, 2003.
Bibliotherapy as an adjunct to psychotherapy for depression in older adults
Authors: Floyd Mark 
Published: January 2003

AbstractBibliotherapy, reading a self‐help book for the treatment of psychological problems, has been shown to be effective as a “stand‐alone” treatment for depression. Many practitioners recommend self‐help books as an adjunct to treatment. This article offers some guidelines for the use of bibliotherapy as an adjunct to individual psychotherapy with depressed older adults. Two clinical cases demonstrate how bibliotherapy can be used effectively in conjunction with individual psychotherapy. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol/In Session 59: 187–195, 2003.