bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Test particles and quasiperiodic oscillations around Kiselev black hole with cloud of strings*
Authors: Rayimbaev Javlon , Eshimbetov Uktambek , Majeed Bushra , Abdujabbarov Ahmadjon , Abduvokhidov Alisher , Abdulazizov Bakhrom , Xalmirzayev Akram 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In the present study, we investigate the dynamics of test particles around a Schwarzschild black hole surrounded by quintessence and immersed in a scalar string cloud field. We start our study by defining the possible values of the quintessence and cloud of string parameters corresponding to the existence of the black hole horizon for fixed values of the parameters of the equation of state for dark energy. We also study the effects of the effective potential on the circular motion, energy, and angular momentum of the test particles together with the innermost stable circular orbits (ISCOs). We investigate the fundamental frequencies in the particle oscillations along stable circular orbits. We relate the stability of the orbits to the Lyapunov exponent, and the chaotic behavior is studied graphically. Finally, we apply the fundamental frequencies to describe quasiperiodic oscillations (QPOs) and find that, in the presence of both fields, low-frequency twin-peak QPOs are not observed. In addition, we obtain the constraint values for the string cloud parameter and mass of the black hole candidates located in the center of the microquasars GRO J1655-40 and GRS 1915+105 as well as the Milky Way galaxy.
GaN based ultraviolet laser diodes
Authors: Yang Jing , Zhao Degang , Liu Zongshun , Huang Yujie , Wang Baibin , Wang Xiaowei , Zhang Yuheng , Zhang Zhenzhuo , Liang Feng , Duan Lihong , Wang Hai , Shi Yongsheng 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In the past few years, many groups have focused on the research and development of GaN-based ultraviolet laser diodes (UV LDs). Great progresses have been achieved even though many challenges exist. In this article, we analyze the challenges of developing GaN-based ultraviolet laser diodes, and the approaches to improve the performance of ultraviolet laser diode are reviewed. With these techniques, room temperature (RT) pulsed oscillation of AlGaN UVA (ultraviolet A) LD has been realized, with a lasing wavelength of 357.9 nm. Combining with the suppression of thermal effect, the high output power of 3.8 W UV LD with a lasing wavelength of 386.5 nm was also fabricated.
An exactly solvable model of randomly pinned charge density waves in two dimensions
Authors: O’Brien Matthew C , Fradkin Eduardo 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The nature of the interplay between fluctuations and quenched random disorder is a long-standing open problem, particularly in systems with a continuous order parameter. This lack of a full theoretical treatment has been underscored by recent advances in experiments on charge density wave materials. To address this problem, we formulate an exactly solvable model of a two-dimensional randomly pinned incommensurate charge density wave, and use the large-N technique to map out the phase diagram and order parameter correlations. Our approach captures the physics of the Berezinskii–Kosterlitz–Thouless phase transition in the clean limit at large N. We pay particular attention to the roles of thermal fluctuations and quenched random field disorder in destroying long-range order, finding a novel crossover between weakly- and strongly-disordered regimes.
New IceTop trigger in the context of the planned IceCube surface detector enhancement at the South Pole
Authors: Paudel Ek Narayan ,   the IceCube collaboration
Published: January 2024

Abstract
IceTop is the square kilometer surface array for cosmic-ray air showers of the IceCube Neutrino Observatory at the South Pole. IceTop consists of 81 stations, each comprised of a pair of ice-Cherenkov tanks, which over the years loses sensitivity due to snow coverage. This motivated the plan to enhance IceTop by the deployment of elevated scintillation panels and radio antennas. Coincident detection of an air shower with the IceTop tanks, the scintillators, and the antennas will increase the measurement accuracy of the cosmic-ray properties. While the radio antennas of the enhancement have a higher sensitivity to inclined showers, the current IceTop trigger, requiring coincident hits of both tanks of a station, loses efficiency for such showers. Therefore, we studied the feasibility of adding a trigger based on the multiplicity of single tank hits and studied its performance with simulations and data including a one-day test run at the South Pole. In this paper, we present the plans for the surface enhancement and the studies for the new IceTop trigger.
Influence of different particle injection methods on plasma sheath with strong production of negative ion in one-dimensional PIC simulation
Authors: Wu Hongyu , Yang Jinghan , Li Dong , Chen Dezhi 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Particle injection is necessary to maintain the plasma source term in particle-in-cell
(PIC) simulation. There are two commonly used particle injection methods, namely, a) constant flux
injection, in which a fixed number of ion-electron pairs are injected each time step, and b) pair
re-injection, in which the number of ion-electron pairs injected is according to the number of
positive ions removed. Different injection methods may bring big difference to the simulation
results. Therefore, the appropriate particle injection method must be selected according to the
object and purpose of simulation to obtain the correct result. In this paper, a 1D3V (one
dimension in space and three dimensions in velocity space) PIC model is used to analyze the
evolution of plasma in the formation of space charge limited (SCL) sheath and reverse sheath with
the condition of surface production, and the differences of the two particle injection methods are
compared. It is found that the simulation result with pair re-injection does not match experiment
result.
Recent developments in the IGNITE project on front-end
design in CMOS 28-nm technology
Authors: Cadeddu Sandro , Cossu Gian Matteo , Frontini Luca , Lai Adriano , Liberali Valentino , Piccolo Lorenzo , Stabile Alberto 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The IGNITE project (INFN Ground-up INITiative-on micro-Electronics developments) is developing solutions on integrated micro-systems aimed at the next generation of high-luminosity experiment at the LHC. A test ASIC, designed in CMOS 28-nm technology and named Ignite-0, has been submitted for fabrication. It integrates circuital solutions suitable for pixels with timing having a pitch ranging from 45 to 55 µm. The present paper describes the criteria used in the design choices, and the expected ASIC performance as output from post-layout simulations. Perspectives on subsequent design work on 4D-tracking devices following the Ignite-0 development are also briefly described.
Comparison of longitudinal emittance of various RFQs
Authors: Comunian M. , Bellan L. , Pisent A. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In various projects a large variety of RFQs has been developed, for different application, with different average current, frequency, and energy range. In this article, a comparison, in a scaled way, will be done, using the build RFQs of IFMIF, ESS, SPES, ANTHEM. In particular, the characteristics of the beam dynamics will be analyzed, such as transmission, longitudinal output emittance, and real performance versus simulation.
Temporal variability in irrigated land and climate influences on salinity loading across the Upper Colorado River Basin, 1986-2017
Authors: Miller Olivia L , Putman Annie L , Smith Richard A , Schwarz Gregory E , Hess Michael D , McDonnell Morgan C , Jones Daniel K 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Freshwater salinization is a growing global concern impacting human and ecosystem needs with impacts to water availability for human and ecological uses. In the Upper Colorado River Basin (UCRB), dissolved solids in streams compound ongoing water supply challenges to further limit water availability and cause economic damages. Much effort has been dedicated to understanding dissolved solid sources, transport, and management in the region, yet temporal variability in loading from key sources such as irrigated lands and the influence of climate on dissolved solids loading remains unknown. Quantifying the contributions and temporal variability of dissolved solids loads from irrigated lands may benefit salinity management efforts. This study applies a time-varying (dynamic) modeling approach to predict annual dissolved solids loads across the UCRB from 1986 through 2017. Between 66% and 82% of the total accumulated dissolved solids load in the basin is from groundwater (storage and baseflow). Our findings link climate, irrigation, and groundwater, and confirm large storage contributions that have declined slightly with time. Dissolved solids loads increase during wet periods and decrease during dry periods, although the relative contributions of different sources vary little with time. Irrigation enhances loading efficiency relative to unirrigated areas through runoff and groundwater, and can locally be a major source of dissolved solids where irrigation occurs. Results indicate that loads from irrigated areas increase when irrigated area and/or water available for runoff increase. Increased regional aridification over the study period may have contributed to decreasing stream salinity through both quicker surface runoff and lagged groundwater storage processes. Study results may be relevant to salinity management in arid environments where water availability is limited and where irrigation influences salinity loading to streams.
Technical note: development of a simulation framework, enabling the investigation of locally tuned single energy proton radiography
Authors: Lundberg Måns , Meijers Arturs , Souris Kevin , Deffet Sylvain , Weber Damien C , Lomax Antony , Knopf Antje 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Range uncertainties remain a limitation for the confined dose distribution that proton therapy can offer. The uncertainty stems from the ambiguity when translating CT Hounsfield Units (HU) into proton stopping powers. Proton Radiography (PR) can be used to verify the proton range. Specifically, PR can be used as a quality-control tool for CBCT-based synthetic CTs. An essential part of the work illustrating the potential of PR has been conducted using multi-layer ionization chamber (MLIC) detectors and mono-energetic PR. Due to the dimensions of commercially available MLICs, clinical adoption is cumbersome. Here, we present a simulation framework exploring locally-tuned single energy (LTSE) proton radiography and corresponding potential compact PR detector designs. Based on a planning CT data set, the presented framework models the water equivalent thickness. Subsequently, it analyses the proton energies required to pass through the geometry within a defined ROI. In the final step, an LTSE PR is simulated using the MCsquare Monte Carlo code. In an anatomical head phantom, we illustrate that LTSE PR allows for a significantly shorter longitudinal dimension of MLICs. We compared PR simulations for two exemplary 30 × 30 mm2 proton fields passing the phantom at a 90° angle at an anterior and a posterior location in an iso-centric setup. The longitudinal distance over which all spots per field range out is significantly reduced for LTSE PR compared to mono-energetic PR. In addition, we illustrate the difference in shape of integral depth dose (IDD) when using constrained PR energies. Finally, we demonstrate the accordance of simulated and experimentally acquired IDDs for an LTSE PR acquisition. As the next steps, the framework will be used to investigate the sensitivity of LTSE PR to various sources of errors. Furthermore, we will use the framework to systematically explore the dimensions of an optimized MLIC design for daily clinical use.
Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) treatment increased reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) levels in tumor samples obtained from patients with low-grade glioma
Authors: Aggarwal Yogesh , Vaid Akshay , Visani Anand , Rane Ramkrishna , Joseph Alphonsa , Mukherjee Subroto , Tripathi Manjari , Chandra P Sarat , Doddamani Ramesh , Dixit Aparna Banerjee , Banerjee Jyotirmoy 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Low-grade gliomas (LGGs) are a heterogeneous group of tumors with an average 10-year survival rate of 40%–55%. Current treatment options include chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and gross total resection (GTR) of the tumor. The extent of resection (EOR) plays an important role in improving surgical outcomes. However, the major obstacle in treating low-grade gliomas is their diffused nature and the presence of residual cancer cells at the tumor margins post resection. Cold Atmospheric Plasma (CAP) has shown to be effective in targeted killing of tumor cells in various glioma cell lines without affecting non-tumor cells through Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species (RONS). However, no study on the effectiveness of CAP has been carried out in LGG tissues till date. In this study, we applied helium-based CAP on tumor tissues resected from LGG patients. Our results show that CAP is effective in promoting RONS accumulation in LGG tissues when CAP jet parameters are set at 4 kV voltage, 5 min treatment time and 3 lpm gas flow rate. We also observed that CAP jet is more effective in thinner slice preparations of tumor as compared to thick tumor samples. Our results indicate that CAP could prove to be an effective adjunct therapy in glioma surgery to target residual cancer cells to improve surgical outcome of patients with low-grade glioma.
Simulation and pre-planning omitted radiotherapy (SPORT): a feasibility study for prostate cancer
Authors: Zhuang Tingliang , Parsons David , Desai Neil , Gibbard Grant , Keilty Dana , Lin Mu-Han , Cai Bin , Nguyen Dan , Chiu Tsuicheng , Godley Andrew , Pompos Arnold , Jiang Steve 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This study explored the feasibility of on-couch intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) planning for prostate cancer (PCa) on a cone-beam CT (CBCT)-based online adaptive RT platform without an individualized pre-treatment plan and contours. Ten patients with PCa previously treated with image-guided IMRT (60 Gy/20 fractions) were selected. In contrast to the routine online adaptive RT workflow, a novel approach was employed in which the same preplan that was optimized on one reference patient was adapted to generate individual on-couch/initial plans for the other nine test patients using Ethos emulator. Simulation CTs of the test patients were used as simulated online CBCT (sCBCT) for emulation. Quality assessments were conducted on synthetic CTs (sCT). Dosimetric comparisons were performed between on-couch plans, on-couch plans recomputed on the sCBCT and individually optimized plans for test patients. The median value of mean absolute difference between sCT and sCBCT was 74.7 HU (range 69.5–91.5 HU). The average CTV/PTV coverage by prescription dose was 100.0%/94.7%, and normal tissue constraints were met for the nine test patients in on-couch plans on sCT. Recalculating on-couch plans on the sCBCT showed about 0.7% reduction of PTV coverage and a 0.6% increasing of hotspot, and the dose difference of the OARs was negligible (<0.5 Gy). Hence, initial IMRT plans for new patients can be generated by adapting a reference patient’s preplan with online contours, which had similar qualities to the conventional approach of individually optimized plan on the simulation CT. Further study is needed to identify selection criteria for patient anatomy most amenable to this workflow.
Decoupled optimal control of 3D biped for human voluntary motion
Authors: Ali Badar , Mughal Asif Mahmood 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The sit-to-stand (STS) model from a biomechanical point of view is an enormously important subject, with motor controls simulating human intended behavior. Physiological motion-based biomechanical research is important for designing whole-body prosthetics and understanding physical disabilities. The control strategies for biomechanical models can effectively synergize with the central nervous system (CNS) to facilitate the desired movements of individuals with neurological disabilities. In this study, we present our novel 3D biped model by decoupling it into healthy and neurologically deficient joints. The developed 8-segment model (i.e., 2× feet, 2× shanks, 2× thighs, 1× pelvic, and 1× Head Arm Torso (HAT) segment) with 10 joints is decoupled into 6 healthy joints and 4 deficient joints. This decoupling mimics stroke patients or subjects with neuromuscular deficiency. This novel decoupling establishes through asymmetrical torques in frontal and sagittal plane joints on a bipedal design with one foot fixed and the other a sliding tilt joint. In this design, two decoupled controllers collaborate to stabilize the nonlinear model for biped STS transfer. Utilizing the xml files from SOLIDWORKS, the model is linearized in SIMSCAPE / SIMULINK. We further imply the Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) optimal controller design in MATLAB / SIMULINK for torques in both the sagittal and frontal planes, respectively, for six healthy and four deficient joints. We also comprehend the forward thrust velocity controls to pragmatically model the STS of stroke patients. This decoupling enhanced the overall stability of the system and simulated more relevant angular and velocity profiles for neurologically deficient substances.
Event encryption: rethinking privacy exposure for neuromorphic imaging
Authors: Zhang Pei , Zhu Shuo , Lam Edmund Y 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Bio-inspired neuromorphic cameras sense illumination changes on a per-pixel basis and generate spatiotemporal streaming events within microseconds in response, offering visual information with high temporal resolution over a high dynamic range. Such devices often serve in surveillance systems due to their applicability and robustness in environments with high dynamics and harsh lighting, where they can still supply clearer recordings than traditional imaging. In other words, when it comes to privacy-relevant cases, neuromorphic cameras also expose more sensitive data and pose serious security threats. Therefore, asynchronous event streams necessitate careful encryption before transmission and usage. This work discusses several potential attack scenarios and approaches event encryption from the perspective of neuromorphic noise removal, in which we inversely introduce well-crafted noise into raw events until they are obfuscated. Our evaluations show that the encrypted events can effectively protect information from attacks of low-level visual reconstruction and high-level neuromorphic reasoning, and thus feature dependable privacy-preserving competence. The proposed solution gives impetus to the security of event data and paves the way to a highly encrypted technique for privacy-protective neuromorphic imaging.
EU Issue Voting in National and European Parliamentary Elections
Authors: de Vries Catherine E. , Hobolt Sara B. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This chapter evaluates the quality of the democratic mandate provided by citizens to European policymakers by examining two paths of representation: a direct path through the vote for representatives in the European Parliament and an indirect path through the vote for national parliamentarians, and in turn, national governments represented in the council and the European Council. Specifically, this chapter addresses the question of the extent to which these elections enable citizens to express their preferences on European integration. To examine the impact of European preferences in elections, the chapter makes use of European Election Study data. It shows that when voters translate their attitudes regarding European integration into party choice, they do so in both European and national parliamentary elections. Hence, preferences on ‘Europe’ matters in both the national and supranational channel of representation.
Flowering phenology differs among wet and dry sub-alpine meadows in southwestern China
Authors: Nepal Shristhi , Trunschke Judith , Ren Zong-Xin , Burgess Kevin S , Wang Hong 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The effect of floral traits, floral rewards and plant water availability on plant–pollinator interactions are well-documented; however, empirical evidence of their impact on flowering phenology in high-elevation meadows remains scarce. In this study, we assessed three levels of flowering phenology, i.e. population-, individual- and flower-level (floral longevity), in two nearby but contrasting (wet versus dry) sub-alpine meadows on Yulong Snow Mountain, southwestern China. We also measured a series of floral traits (pollen number, ovule number, and the ratio of pollen to ovule number per flower, i.e. pollen:ovule ratio [P/O]) and floral rewards (nectar availability and pollen presentation) as plausible additional sources of variation for each phenological level. Floral longevity in the wet meadow was significantly longer than that for the dry meadow, whereas population- and individual-flowering duration were significantly shorter. Our results showed a significant positive relationship between flowering phenology with pollen number and P/O per flower; there was no relationship with ovule number per flower. Further, we found a significant effect of flowering phenology on nectar availability and pollen presentation. Our findings suggest that shorter floral longevity in dry habitats compared to wet might be due to water-dependent maintenance costs of flowers, where the population- and individual-level flowering phenology may be less affected by habitats. Our study shows how different levels of flowering phenology underscore the plausible effects of contrasting habitats on reproductive success.
Predicting evolutionary targets and parameters of gene deletion from expression data
Authors: Campelo dos Santos Andre Luiz , DeGiorgio Michael , Assis Raquel 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Motivation
Gene deletion is traditionally thought of as a nonadaptive process that removes functional redundancy from genomes, such that it generally receives less attention than duplication in evolutionary turnover studies. Yet, mounting evidence suggests that deletion may promote adaptation via the “less-is-more” evolutionary hypothesis, as it often targets genes harboring unique sequences, expression profiles, and molecular functions. Hence, predicting the relative prevalence of redundant and unique functions among genes targeted by deletion, as well as the parameters underlying their evolution, can shed light on the role of gene deletion in adaptation.

Results
Here, we present CLOUDe, a suite of machine learning methods for predicting evolutionary targets of gene deletion events from expression data. Specifically, CLOUDe models expression evolution as an Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process, and uses multi-layer neural network, extreme gradient boosting, random forest, and support vector machine architectures to predict whether deleted genes are “redundant” or “unique”, as well as several parameters underlying their evolution. We show that CLOUDe boasts high power and accuracy in differentiating between classes, and high accuracy and precision in estimating evolutionary parameters, with optimal performance achieved by its neural network architecture. Application of CLOUDe to empirical data from Drosophila suggests that deletion primarily targets genes with unique functions, with further analysis showing these functions to be enriched for protein deubiquitination. Thus, CLOUDe represents a key advance in learning about the role of gene deletion in functional evolution and adaptation.

Availability and implementation
CLOUDe is freely available on GitHub (https://github.com/anddssan/CLOUDe).