bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Think-aloud test of online education for patients with cardiac diseases: do they meet the needs of women?
Authors: Gunning Emily A , Carson Rachael P , Schotanus Emma , Benn Sydney , Henderson Jordan , Eccles Amy , Grace Sherry L , Ghisi Gabriela L M 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Patient education is a core component of cardiovascular rehabilitation (CR). Recent guidelines call for tailored materials to support women, given their unique needs and preferences. This study investigated women patient’s perspectives of online CR educational materials (Cardiac College, Toronto). Through a cross-sectional design, a think-aloud protocol followed by semistructured qualitative interviews was used to collect data on women’s perceptions of the comprehensive educational webpages with regard to content, format, visuals, length/volume, difficulty, applicability, implementability and suggestions for improvement. Thirty-eight current and previous CR program participants completed 1-h Zoom interviews. Transcripts were coded thematically using best practices in NVivo by two researchers independently. Four themes emerged: (I) materials met their needs (content, presentation, and empowerment), (II) suggestions for improvement in presentation (website design, text, and visuals), (III) content (volume, additions, and difficulty), and (IV) optimizing reach and implementability (inclusiveness, barriers, and dissemination). Overall, the education content met women’s needs and was relatable, but should be updated for currency, visual appeal, and searchability. Cardiac College for Women may meet these needs and preferences.
Decreased susceptibility to cefepime/zidebactam among carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli from Stockholm, Sweden with alterations in PBP2
Authors: Tellapragada Chaitanya , Dunleavy Chantel , Jonsson Patrik , Giske Christian G 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objectives
We aimed to investigate the in vitro activity and genetic determinants of decreased susceptibility (DS; MIC &gt; 4 mg/L) to cefepime/zidebactam of carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli.

Methods
Clinical isolates (N = 150) of carbapenemase-producing E. coli (CP-EC) belonging to seven distinct STs, isolated at a university clinical microbiology laboratory during 2019–2023 in Stockholm, Sweden were included. MICs for cefepime/zidebactam were determined using the broth microdilution method and interpreted using the tentative EUCAST clinical breakpoints (Susceptible; MIC &lt; 4 mg/L; based on cefepime breakpoint). Whole genome sequences of the isolates were analysed with an emphasis on identifying alterations in PBPs 2 and 3.

Results
Of the 150 isolates, 145 (96.6%) isolates had MICs &lt;4 mg/L indicating susceptibility and 5 (3.3%) had MICs &gt;4 mg/L. MICs for zidebactam alone among the five isolates with DS to cefepime/zidebactam were ≥8 mg/L. WGS analysis revealed that these five isolates were NDM-5 producers and belonged to ST405 (n = 1), ST410 (n = 2) and ST648 (n = 2). Presence of four-amino-acid inserts (YRIK/YRIN) in PBP3 was observed in 80/150 (53.3%) isolates, and mutations leading to alterations in PBP2 were observed in 41/150 (27.3%) isolates. Presence of other β-lactamases (CTX-M group) and/or cephalosporinases (blaCMY) did not have an impact on the susceptibility to cefepime/zidebactam. Three of the five isolates with DS had a V522I substitution in PBP2.

Conclusions
Our results indicate that DS to cefepime/zidebactam among clinical isolates of E. coli could arise due to targeted mutations in PBP2.
Antimicrobial resistance, antibiotic prescribing practices and antimicrobial stewardship in South Africa: a scoping review
Authors: Ahmed Suwayda , Ahmed Rukshana , Adam Razia Zulfikar , Coetzee Renier 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Introduction
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an emerging global threat, with notable impact evident in low- and middle-income countries. Indiscriminate antibiotic prescribing is recognized as the key factor responsible for the continued spread of AMR.

Objectives
To comprehensively map published data of evidence of AMR in healthcare settings in South Africa, encompassing the exploration of antibiotic prescribing practices and the implementation of antimicrobial stewardship initiatives.

Methods
The scoping review methodology was based on the guidelines outlined by Arksey and O’Malley. The protocol for this scoping review has been registered in the Open Science Framework (https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/PWMFB). The search strategy was documented using the protocol outlined within the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Databases used were Science Direct, Scopus, PubMed, Wiley, Directory of Open Access Journals; and health organizations such as the WHO. In addition, the Google search engine was used to search for grey matter. The search was restricted to peer-reviewed articles in English on human studies for the period 2019–24.

Results
The search yielded a total of 529 articles from electronic databases and search engines. Twenty-nine articles were accepted for inclusion following the application of the study protocol. The majority of the articles were primary research papers.

Conclusions
The findings reveal that South Africa has measures in place to combat AMR; however, inconsistencies were found between the private and public health sectors, in addition to the lack of adherence to guidelines and limitations in AMR education among healthcare workers and students.
FTIR Spectroscopic Analysis of Plant Proteins and Correlation with Functional Properties
Authors: Patel Janvi D , Gao Zili , He Lili 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
The development of plant-based products faces challenges like raw material standardization and time-consuming functionality measurements. FTIR spectroscopy provides a quick, non-destructive way to analyze protein molecular characteristics.

Objective
This study explored the classification capability of FTIR in analyzing five plant protein isolates—soy, mung bean, pea, fava bean, and lentil—and assessed its predictive ability for functional property measurement such as water absorption capacity (WAC), oil absorption capacity (OAC), solubility (SOL), foaming, and emulsification.

Methods
Functional properties were calculated using traditional methods of measurements. Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least-squares (PLS) regression analysis were used to study FTIR spectra and their correlation with functional properties.

Results
PCA revealed distinct clusters for each protein source based on their FTIR spectra, indicating molecular differences. WAC and OAC prediction models showed strong correlations, with prediction correlation coefficients (Rp) of more than 0.99 and cross-validation correlation coefficients (Rcv) ranging from 0.85 to 0.92. Models for SOL and emulsifying activity index (EAI) display promising potential. Moreover, WAC and OAC predictions exhibited robust results with protein blends of various ratios. The expanded WAC model predicted with an Rp of 0.99 and an Rcv of 0.95, while the expanded OAC model had an Rp of 0.99 and an Rcv of 0.84.

Conclusion
The results underscore FTIR has the potential to identify plant proteins, aiding in raw material verification and QC as well as being an alternative to analyzing functional properties of plant proteins.

Highlights
This study demonstrates the potential of FTIR spectroscopy as a rapid, non-destructive tool for plant protein characterization and functional property prediction. FTIR successfully distinguished five plant protein isolates—soy, mung bean, pea, fava bean, and lentil—through PCA-based spectral clustering. Strong predictive models for water and oil absorption capacities (WAC and OAC) were developed, with prediction correlation coefficients (Rp) values exceeding 0.99 and cross-validation correlation coefficients (Rcv) ranging from 0.84 to 0.95. Functional property predictions for solubility (SOL) and emulsifying activity index (EAI) showed promising potential. These findings highlight FTIR’s capability for protein classification, raw material verification, and rapid functional property assessment in quality control applications.
Effects of increasing dietary zinc oxide levels on the hepatic mitochondrial energy metabolism, oxidative balance and antioxidant system in weaned piglets
Authors: Villeneuve Geneviève , Roy Caroline , Deschêne Karine , Matte Jean-Jacques , Lapointe Jérôme , Dalto Danyel Bueno 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study compared different levels of dietary zinc oxide (ZnO) on mitochondria ATP synthesis and the cellular and systemic redox balance in weaned pigs. One hundred twenty weaned piglets (7.96 ± 1.17 kg, 21 days of age) were randomly allocated in one of three diets containing different Zn levels (as ZnO); 100 (100Zn), 1000 (1000Zn) and 3000 mg/kg (3000Zn), and were slaughtered at day 21, 23, 35 or 42 for the collection of blood and liver samples. Dietary copper (Cu) levels were constant at 131 mg/kg. Hepatic mitochondrial concentrations of Zn and Cu, hepatic mitochondria respiration, antioxidant response and the hepatic expression of related genes were analyzed. Piglets fed 3000Zn had the highest Zn (P &lt; 0.01) and the lowest Cu concentrations (P = 0.01) in hepatic mitochondria. The hepatic oxygen consumption rate for maximal respiration was the highest in 3000Zn piglets (P &lt; 0.05) whereas hepatic cytochrome c oxidase activity tended to be lower (P = 0.06) and intracellular ATP concentrations was the lowest (P = 0.01). Mitochondrial Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD) activity was the lowest (P &lt; 0.01) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity tended to be the lowest (P = 0.07) for 3000Zn piglets. The mRNA expression of the antioxidant related genes copper chaperone for superoxide dismutase (CCS) was highest (P = 0.01) in 3000Zn piglets and tended to be the highest (P = 0.07) for glutathione synthetase (GSS). Plasma carbonyls concentrations (P = 0.02) and GPx activity (P = 0.01) were the highest while SOD activity was not impacted (P = 0.55) in 3000Zn piglets. In conclusion, supplementing 3000 mg Zn/kg had detrimental impacts on mitochondria Zn and Cu homeostasis, resulting in a dysfunctional mitochondria respiratory chain and disturbed antioxidant response in post-weaning piglets.
Epidemiology of Paget’s disease of bone in South Korea
Authors: Park Jung-Wee , Lee Dong-Hoon , Park Ki-Tae , Kim Sung Hwa , Lee Young-Kyun 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Paget's disease of bone (PDB) is a chronic disorder characterized by abnormal bone remodeling, leading to enlarged and deformed bones, and commonly affecting older adults. The disease frequently involves the pelvis, skull, spine, and long bones. Despite significant geographical variations in PDB prevalence, data from Asian populations remain sparse. This study evaluates the incidence, skeletal distribution, comorbidities, and bisphosphonate use for PDB in South Korea from 2010 to 2020, using a retrospective analysis of the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment database. We identified 4252 patients diagnosed with PDB via ICD-10 codes (M880, M888, and M889) over the study period. The primary outcome measured was the incidence of PDB, stratified by sex and age, with secondary outcomes including anatomical site involvement, associated comorbidities, and bisphosphonate use. The mean age of patients was 56.3 ± 14.8 yr, with a mean prevalence of 1.20 per 100 000 and an age-adjusted incidence ranging from 0.38 to 1.26 per 100 000 person-years. The incidence of PDB decreased in men but showed a significant increase in women, especially after 2015. The spine (23.5%) and pelvis & femur (17.0%) were the most commonly affected sites. Gastritis and gastroesophageal reflux disease (91.6%), upper respiratory infections (78.9%), and endocrine disorders (69.5%) were frequent comorbidities. Despite the established efficacy of bisphosphonates in managing PDB, only 9.8% of patients received these treatments, predominantly etidronate (3.2%) and alendronate (2.2%). This study is the first comprehensive epidemiologic assessment of PDB in South Korea, highlighting a low but increasing incidence, particularly among women. The findings underscore the need for greater clinical awareness and more proactive management strategies, especially regarding the use of bisphosphonates to improve patient outcomes.
Consumption Solidarity: Healing Cultural Trauma Following Marketplace Violence
Authors: Fehl Amy Greiner , Mason Marlys , Györke Mariann 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Targeted acts of violence in the marketplace disrupt the status quo and unravel the very fabric of community and consumption spaces. Despite the growing frequency of these shocking events, they remain underexplored in consumer research, particularly regarding their impact on consumer well-being and collective welfare. This research explores how individual reactions and choices in the face of incomprehensible violence can pave the way for consumer healing and collective regeneration through the re-establishment of community ties and marketplace exchanges. Our ethnographic inquiry ground these findings in the consumer response and solidarity that occurred in one community directly affected by the November 2015 Paris terrorist attacks. Our findings highlight how market spaces provide the scaffolding for communities to develop and foster interdependence through exchanges and shared moments. We also delineate cultural trauma as a subset of collective trauma. While both occur when a community one identifies with faces an existential threat, cultural trauma goes further by irrevocably altering the collective identity and transforming the community's members. Furthermore, we investigate cultural violence in a marketplace setting, when violent acts target culturally significant consumption practices and communal spaces.
Assessing the impact of pedigree attributes on the validity of quantitative genetic parameter estimates
Authors: Mawass Walid , Milot Emmanuel 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Investigating the evolution of complex traits in nature requires accurate assessment of their genetic basis. Quantitative genetic (QG) modeling is frequently applied to estimate the additive genetic variance (VA) in traits, combining phenotypic and pedigree data from a sample of individuals. Whether reconstructed from social links or molecular markers, empirical pedigrees differ in completeness, genealogical error rates, and other attributes that can impact QG estimation. Here we investigate this impact using human genealogical data for 6 French–Canadian (FC) populations originating from the same genetic founding source but differing in their pedigrees’ attributes. First, we simulated phenotypic values along pedigrees and under different trait architectures and “true” parameter values (e.g., VA). Then we fitted mixed effects “animal” models to these simulated data, to assess how QG estimation was impacted by pedigree attributes. Our results show that pedigree size and depth were important determinants of the precision, but not accuracy, of genetic parameter estimates. In contrast, pedigree completeness and entropy, 2 attributes related to the density of genealogical links, were not clearly associated with the performance of parameter estimation. Noticeably, a slight increase in the genealogical error rate was sufficient to cause a detectable underestimation of VA. Including maternal genetic effects in the simulations led to a slight underestimation of VA with pedigrees of smaller size and depth. Despite originating from the same genetic source, the 6 pedigrees yielded wide variations in QG estimates under identical conditions. These findings highlight the importance of sensitivity analyses in pedigree-based genetic studies on natural populations.
Early identification of weight loss trajectories in advanced cancer and associations with survival
Authors: Fuller Sophia , Alexeeff Stacey , Caan Bette , Goncalves Marcus D , Dunne Richard F , Janowitz Tobias , Jamal-Hanjani Mariam , Sundaresan Tilak K , Cespedes Feliciano Elizabeth M 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Consensus criteria to diagnose unintentional weight loss, a condition often termed cachexia that affects most patients with advanced cancer, are based on 6-month changes by which time intervention is often ineffective. Leveraging the large and diverse population in Kaiser Permanente Northern California’s community oncology practice, we studied 8338 patients with advanced lung, pancreatic, or colorectal cancers. We calculated weekly weight change measurements from 2 months pre- to 6 months post-diagnosis to identify 4 weight change trajectories (Gain, Stable, Moderate Loss, and Severe Loss) and associated these trajectories with survival. With high agreement, we classified patients into these trajectories after 3 months and found them to be prognostic; those classified in Moderate (HR = 1.55; 95% CI = 1.45 to 1.67) or Severe Loss (HR = 2.20; 95% CI = 2.01 to 2.41) at 3 months had significantly increased risk of death compared with the Stable trajectory. Weight loss at 3 months post-diagnosis can accurately classify deleterious weight trajectories, allowing for earlier clinical intervention.
Impact of screening for human papillomavirus-positive oropharyngeal cancers: a microsimulation-based modeling study
Authors: Landy Rebecca , Haber Gregory W , Graubard Barry I , Fakhry Carole , Campos Nicole G , Burger Emily A , Cheung Li C , Katki Hormuzd A , Gillison Maura L , Chaturvedi Anil K 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
We estimated the impact of screening on morbidity and mortality of HPV16-positive oropharyngeal cancer among US men aged 45-79 years.

Methods
We developed an individual-level, state-transition natural history microsimulation model to estimate the impact of screening using oral HPV16 detection, HPV16-E6 antibody detection, and transcervical-ultrasound of neck/oropharynx. We compared clinical detection to counterfactual screen detection for cancer stage, single- vs multiple-modality treatment, and survival. Screening scenarios encompassed four progression speeds across cancer stages (very-slow, slow, fast, and very-fast) and four screening frequencies.

Results
Among US men aged 45-79 years in 2021 (N = 54,881,311), 163,958 clinically diagnosed HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancers and 32,009 deaths would occur through age 84 in the absence of screening. Assuming very-fast progression, 4%, 20%, 31%, and 60% of these cancers would be detected by one-off, 5-yearly, 3-yearly, and annual screening. Annual screening (very-fast progression) could reduce the number of cancers diagnosed at advanced stages (AJCC 7, Stages III/IV: 90.0% with no screening vs 59.1%) and treated by multiple-modalities (80.6% with no screening vs 50.6%). Cancer mortality would also be reduced by 36.2%, with a gain of 106,000 life-years. Annual screening would have a number needed to screen (NNS) of 561 per screen-detected cancer, 1,118 per additional cancer treated by single-modality, 4,740 per death prevented, and 520 per life-year gained; such high NNS reflect potential inefficiency of population-level screening.

Conclusions
If proven efficacious in randomized trials and cost-effective, screening for HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancers could provide considerable population-level reductions in advanced stage cancers, treatment-related morbidities, and mortality.
Super-Resolution Ptychography with Small Segmented Detectors
Authors: Zhang Xiyue , Chen Zhen , Shao Yu-Tsun , Ray Ariana , Jiang Yi , Muller David 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
To overcome the spatial resolution limit set by aperture-limited diffraction in traditional scanning transmission electron microscopy, microscopists have developed ptychography enabled by iterative phase retrieval algorithms and high-dynamic-range pixel array detectors. Current detector designs are limited by the data rate off chip, so a high-pixel-count detector has a proportionally lower frame rate than the few-segment detectors used for differential phase contrast (DPC) imaging. This slower acquisition speed leads to heightened vulnerability to scan noise, drift, and potential sample damage. This creates opportunities for repurposing fast segmented detectors for ptychography by trading a reduction in reciprocal space pixels for an increase in real space pixels. Here, we explore a strategy of oversampling in real space and instead apply detector pixel upsampling during the reconstruction process. We demonstrate the viability of achieving super-resolution ptychography on thin objects using only 2 × 2 detector pixels, surpassing the resolution of integrated DPC (iDPC) imaging. With optimization using simulated datasets and experiments on MoTe2/WSe2 bilayer moiré superlattices, we achieved super-resolution ptychography reconstructions under rapid acquisition conditions (37.5 pA, 1 μs dwell time), yielding over 50% improvements in contrast and information limit compared to annular dark field and iDPC imaging on the same detectors.
Quantitative Analysis of Grain Boundary Segregation of Boron in Steel with Secondary-Ion Mass Spectrometry in Comparison to Atom Probe Tomography
Authors: Takahashi Jun , Kawakami Kazuto , Kubota Naoyoshi , Jinnai Takae 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
To identify the origin of high intensities of BO2− signals on grain boundaries (GBs) in boron (B) mapping using secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), atom probe tomography analysis was performed on high-brightness GBs in the steel with the addition of B. Homogeneous segregation of B atoms as a solid solution, rather than continuous GB precipitation of fine boride, was observed at the GBs. The amounts of B segregation varied between the GBs. An estimation of the incident angle of the GB from the sample surface in each GB indicated that the high-brightness GBs always have smaller incident angles than the median angle under the assumption of random GB orientation, resulting in an increase in the GB area in the SIMS analyzed region. The product of the actual B segregation amount and area increase factor roughly corresponded to the apparent B intensity of the GB in B-mapping with SIMS. The high brightness in the B-mapping originated mainly from small incident angles of GB from the sample surface in the steel. The incident angle of the GB plane must be considered for quantification of GB segregation of B in the SIMS analysis.