bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Insulin Resistance
Authors: Chandrasekaran Preethi , Weiskirchen Ralf 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Although the molecular mechanism of insulin resistance involves multiple factors and several intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms have been identified, this comprehensive review provides key information on some of the core mechanisms and complex interactions of the molecules involved in the signaling pathways of insulin resistance.

Recent Findings
Diabetes Mellitus, the most common metabolic disorder, is one of the greatest global medical challenges at present. There has been a significant increase in complications associated with diabetes such as heart disorders, stroke, neuropathy, dyslipidemia, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, and nephropathy. This calls for immediate strategic action to combat this complex metabolic disorder. Insulin resistance, a characteristic marker of type 2 diabetes is a condition in which the regulation of glucose metabolism in body tissues, such as the liver, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle, becomes disrupted. It is generally associated with hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, hyperlipidemia, and impaired glucose homeostasis.

Summary
Understanding the pathophysiological molecular mechanisms involved in insulin resistance is critical for developing new therapeutic strategies to treat this polygenic multifactorial condition. Impairment of insulin action is caused by several factors such as lipotoxicity, increased adiposity, enhanced inflammatory signaling, endoplasmic reticulum stress, adipokines, mitochondrial dysfunction, increased free fatty acids, and dysfunctional insulin signaling.
Prediction for nonlinear time series by improved deep echo state network based on reservoir states reconstruction
Authors: Yu Qiufeng , Zhao Hui , Teng Li , Li Li , Yasar Ansar , Galland Stéphane 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWith the aim to enhance prediction accuracy for nonlinear time series, this paper put forward an improved deep Echo State Network based on reservoir states reconstruction driven by a Self-Normalizing Activation (SNA) function as the replacement for the traditional Hyperbolic tangent activation function to reduce the model’s sensitivity to hyper-parameters. The Strategy was implemented in a two-state reconstruction process by first inputting the time series data to the model separately. Once, the time data passes through the reservoirs and is activated by the SNA activation function, the new state for the reservoirs is created. The state is input to the next layer, and the concatenate states module saves. Pairs of states are selected from the activated multi-layer reservoirs and input into the state reconstruction module. Multiple input states are transformed through the state reconstruction module and finally saved to the concatenate state module. Two evaluation metrics were used to benchmark against three other ESNs with SNA activation functions to achieve better prediction accuracy.
‘We’re always handed the children’: women finding belonging in policing
Authors: Gasparini Janay M. , DeWitt Amy L. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe purpose of the research was to examine whether policewomen have carved out their place and developed a sense of belonging in the profession, or whether they are faced with disrespect, self-doubt, and pressure to adopt constructed gender roles. The study employed in-depth, qualitative interviews with sixteen women police officers in the U.S. Emergent themes suggested that overt discrimination and harassment is uncommon, but women do report the continued need to prove themselves. While all have carved out a place for themselves in the profession and most reported acceptance and belonging, several expressed concerns that they are relegated to roles based on their gender. With nationwide challenges to recruit more women into policing, this study provides insights into ways women have integrated and the barriers they may still face.
Fixed-time anti-saturation control with concise system structure for the 6-DOF motion of spacecraft
Authors: Wei X. , Tian Y. , Wu S. , Zhang D. , Shao X. , Chen L. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis paper proposes a fixed-time anti-saturation (FT-AS) control scheme with a simple control loop for the 6-Degree-of-Freedom tracking (6-DOF) control problem of spacecraft with parameter uncertainties, external disturbances and input saturation. Considering the external disturbance and parameter uncertainties, the dynamical model of the tracking error is established. The traditional methods of handling input saturation usually add anti-saturation subsystems in the control system to suppress the impact of input overshoot. However, this paper directly inputs the input overshoot into the tracking error model, thus constructing a modified lumped disturbance term that includes the influence of input overshoot. Then, a novel fixed-time disturbance observer (FT-DO) is designed to estimate and compensate for this modified lumped disturbance. Therefore, there is no need to add the anti-saturation structures in the control loop, significantly reducing the complexity of the system. Finally, an observer-based fixed-time non-singular terminal sliding mode (FT-NTSM) controller is designed to guarantee the fixed-time stability of the whole system. In this way, the convergence time of the proposed scheme does not depend on the system’s initial conditions. Simulation results illustrate that the proposed method keeps the control input within the limit while achieving high-precision tracking control of attitude and position.
To Protest for Black Life during the Pandemic: Resistance and Freedom in a Settler State
Authors: Riley Case Sarah 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis article reflects on the global uprisings in support of Black life during the early pandemic. The focus is on what the protests reveal about Black resistance to the nation-building project of Canada. Protests during this period are understood here to have included taking to the streets, practicing care, and calling for abolition. Drawing on critical race theory and Black Studies, especially Black feminism, the author claims these forms of protest condemned Black dispossession under Canadian laws, while they simultaneously exceeded Canada’s jurisdiction. In other words, the protests can be understood ambivalently, as occurring under and responding to, but not being of, domination. They refashioned the self and the collective, expressing transient freedom from domination and partial redress, even as settler colonial laws would continue to suppress Black and other subaltern peoples. The article navigates such insights through works by Dionne Brand, Saidiya Hartman, and Katherine McKittrick, among others.
Pandemics and Paradigms of Contestation
Authors: Cherry Keith 
Published: February 2024

AbstractParadigms of governance are defined in part by paradigms of contestation—stockpiles of culturally legible tactics for contesting power. This article analyzes the growing use of hard-block and mutual aid tactics in Metulia (sometimes called Victoria, B.C.) as exemplars that suggest liberal paradigms of contestation may be becoming less rigid. Drawing on Robert Cover and Charles Tilly, I argue that the present conjuncture is not, as many analyses suggest, merely a tipping point between one paradigm and the next. Rather, it is a creative moment of experimentation and indeterminacy defined by multiple crises, multiple emergences, and their unpredictable interactions.
Design team formation using self-assessment and observer-assessment techniques: mapping practices in a global network of universities
Authors: Ruiz Juan , Wever Renee 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Design engineering education is increasingly challenge-based, which requires educators to form cohesive student teams capable of delivering desired outcomes while fostering learning and collaboration. An example is an international network in which students from different global universities collaborate. Student teams work on researching the problem space, re-framing their challenge and producing multiple prototypes. The challenge for the teaching teams is to be able to form multiple cohesive teams out of a pre-selected group of highly motivated students. Because of the exclusive nature of this educational program, it is a suitable case study for exploring student design team formation practices. The aim is to identify the methods, tools, theoretical underpinnings, challenges and limitations of student team formation. We interviewed teachers from seven universities about their practices. The interviewees had several years of experience in team building. The interviews were analyzed to contrast practices across universities as well as to the team formation literature. Our findings show that mixed methods that combine self-assessments and observer-assessment methods are the preferred means of forming teams. Our findings also show that current practices have evolved over time through trial and error, and are only partially grounded in different literatures and not necessarily in team formation literature.
Upper, down, two-sided Lorenz attractor, collisions, merging, and switching
Authors: BARROS DIEGO , BONATTI CHRISTIAN , PACIFICO MARIA JOSÉ 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe present a modified version of the well-known geometric Lorenz attractor. It consists of a
$C^1$
open set
${\mathcal O}$
of vector fields in
${\mathbb R}^3$
having an attracting region
${\mathcal U}$
satisfying three properties. Namely, a unique singularity
$\sigma $
; a unique attractor
$\Lambda $
including the singular point and the maximal invariant in
${\mathcal U}$
has at most two chain recurrence classes, which are
$\Lambda $
and (at most) one hyperbolic horseshoe. The horseshoe and the singular attractor have a collision along with the union of
$2$
codimension
$1$
submanifolds which split
${\mathcal O}$
into three regions. By crossing this collision locus, the attractor and the horseshoe may merge into a two-sided Lorenz attractor, or they may exchange their nature: the Lorenz attractor expels the singular point
$\sigma $
and becomes a horseshoe, and the horseshoe absorbs
$\sigma $
becoming a Lorenz attractor.
HARMONIOUS INTRUSION: MANKIND AND NATURE IN STATIUS’ SILVAE 1.3
Authors: Theng Brian 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThere are three conventionally held views about the relationship between mankind and nature in the Roman villa: man is master over the natural landscape; villas were positioned at vantage points so that the downward gaze of a dominus reinforced his domination; gardens offered opportunities to bring order upon nature. This article argues to the contrary that Manilius Vopiscus’ villa in Statius’ Siluae 1.3 presents a harmonious relationship between key natural features, the villa architecture and the villa proprietor himself. Nature sometimes takes precedence, while the villa complements and integrates with the environment. This allows us to appreciate the nuances in Statius’ overall presentation of the relationship between mankind and nature in Book 1 and in other poems in the Siluae.
Emission of terahertz pulses from near-critical plasma slab under action of p-polarized laser radiation
Authors: Frolov A.A. 
Published: February 2024

The theory of the terahertz (THz) waves emission from a near-critical plasma slab under the action of the focused p-polarized laser pulse is developed. The spectral, angular and energy characteristics of the THz signal are studied as functions of the focusing degree and the incidence angle of laser radiation, as well as the density and thickness of the plasma slab. It is shown that the extremely strong increase in the energy of the THz signal (up to millijoule level) and conversion rate (up to 10 %) occurs at the almost normal incidence of the ultra-short, tightly focused p-polarized laser pulse on the thin plasma slab with the near-critical density and rare electron collisions.
Reassessment of the conservation status of Crocidura fingui, a shrew endemic to Príncipe Island, Gulf of Guinea
Authors: Alves João C.T. , dos Santos Yodiney , Guedes Patrícia , Rocha Ricardo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe Fingui white-toothed shrew Crocidura fingui, categorized as Data Deficient on the IUCN Red List, is endemic to Príncipe Island, Central Africa. It is currently known from < 10 sites and its ecology and any threats are largely unknown. We review its distribution and ecology, and any potential threats, based on camera-trap data, field observations and previously published and unpublished sightings. Crocidura fingui appears to have an island-wide distribution and to use a range of ecosystems, from native forests to urban areas. It is largely nocturnal and exhibits considerable spatiotemporal overlap with introduced mammals such as the African civet Civettictis civetta, domestic cat Felis catus and rats Rattus spp. The species has an area of occupancy < 500 km2 and is known from fewer than five locations, and its population is inferred to be affected by several introduced mammals. We recommend that it is recategorized as Endangered on the IUCN Red List.
Vision-based food handling system for high-resemblance random food items
Authors: Zeng Yadan , Teoh Yee Seng , Zhu Guoniu , Toh Elvin , Chen I-Ming 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe rise in the number of automated robotic kitchens accelerated the need for advanced food handling system, emphasizing food analysis including ingredient classification pose recognition and assembling strategy. Selecting the optimal piece from a pile of similarly shaped food items is a challenge to automated meal assembling system. To address this, we present a constructive assembling algorithm, introducing a unique approach for food pose detection–Fast Image to Pose Detection (FI2PD), and a closed-loop packing strategy. Powered by a convolutional neural network (CNN) and a pose retrieval model, FI2PD is adept at constructing a 6D pose from only RGB images. The method employs a coarse-to-fine approach, leveraging the CNN to pinpoint object orientation and position, alongside a pose retrieval process for target selection and 6D pose derivation. Our closed-loop packing strategy, aided by the Item Arrangement Verifier, ensures precise arrangement and system robustness. Additionally, we introduce our FdIngred328 dataset of nine food categories ranging from fake foods to real foods, and the automatically generated data based on synthetic techniques. The performance of our method for object recognition and pose detection has been demonstrated to achieve a success rate of 97.9%. Impressively, the integration of a closed-loop strategy into our meal-assembly process resulted in a notable success rate of 90%, outperforming the results of systems lacking the closed-loop mechanism.
‘In constant fear of some dire epidemic breaking out’: Rural responses to infectious and epidemic disease, 1870–1920
Authors: Waddington Keir 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBased on extensive archival research encompassing over eighty rural authorities in Wales, this essay pieces together fragmentary evidence to reveal the main contours of rural responses to infectious outbreaks from the 1870s to the 1918/10 influenza pandemic. At the centre of the essay are those practical, short-term measures that have hitherto been overlooked in the historiography. While infectious outbreaks did have the capacity to extend sanitary initiatives over the medium and long term, looking at how rural authorities reacted to infectious disease helps us better understand how public health practices translated into action at a local level. In doing so, the essay untangles both the nature of rural responses and the challenges confronted by rural sanitary officials when confronted with infectious outbreaks and how they had to adapt public health orthodoxy to different rural environments.
A Perspective on the Future of CMIP
Authors: Stevens Bjorn 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) has demonstrated the importance of climate modeling for climate research and its usefulness for climate services. The latter has increased CMIP's operational burden, so much so that serving IPCC has become its animating force. Attempting to satisfy an operational mandate through a coordinated research project diminishes both the service and the research. Regaining the initiative will require CMIP to transition the quasi‐operational system it has developed to an operational setting. Doing so would allow CMIP to focus on developing an international scientific agenda to encourage and exploit advances in climate modeling.
Coupled Geodynamical‐Geochemical Perspectives on the Generation and Composition of Mid‐Ocean Ridge Basalts
Authors: Duvernay Thomas , Jiang Shihao , Ball Patrick W. , Davies D. Rhodri 
Published: February 2024

AbstractOwing to their abundance and relative availability on Earth's seafloor, mid‐ocean ridge basalts (MORBs) have a well‐defined chemical element budget, reflected by the low standard deviation associated with typical normal MORB (N‐MORB) composition. However, the exact mechanisms leading to magma differentiation and MORB generation remain debated, which hinders our ability to evaluate MORB parental magma composition. In this study, we leverage the predictive power of the BDD21 numerical framework to obtain a representative trace element budget of parental MORB magma and assess its ability to fractionate into the N‐MORB composition. Utilizing revised parameterizations for mineralogy, melting, and partitioning, we couple BDD21 with numerical simulations of a MOR system driven by seafloor spreading in which we track the evolution of partial melting, mineral modal abundances, and concentrations of incompatible elements. Parental magma compositions are determined once simulations reach a steady state, and magma chamber replenishment models are employed to predict the trace element budget of the erupted liquid. We explore a range of geophysical and geochemical parameters to evaluate their effect on computed trace element concentrations. Previous magma chamber replenishment models are extended to account for multiple crystallization events and melt‐crystal interaction. Modeling outcomes suggest that petrologically constrained fractionation of parental magma compositions obtained through BDD21 yields glass compositions compatible with the N‐MORB budget. Nevertheless, our results show a systematic underestimation of Sr concentration, indicating the presence of recycled oceanic crust in the MORB source region.
The Surface Water and Ocean Topography Mission: A Breakthrough in Radar Remote Sensing of the Ocean and Land Surface Water
Authors: Fu Lee‐Lueng , Pavelsky Tamlin , Cretaux Jean‐Francois , Morrow Rosemary , Farrar J. Thomas , Vaze Parag , Sengenes Pierre , Vinogradova‐Shiffer Nadya , Sylvestre‐Baron Annick , Picot Nicolas , Dibarboure Gerald 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe elevations of water surfaces hold important information on the earth's oceans and land surface waters. Ocean sea surface height is related to the internal change of the ocean's density and mass associated with ocean circulation and its response to climate change. The flow rates of rivers and volume changes of lakes are crucial to freshwater supplies and the hazards of floods and drought resulting from extreme weather and climate events. The Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) Mission is a new satellite using advanced radar technology to make headway in observing the variability of the elevation of water surfaces globally, providing fundamentally new information previously not available to the study of earth's waters. Here, we provide the first results of SWOT over oceans, rivers, and lakes. We demonstrate the potential of the mission to address science questions in oceanography and hydrology.
Mixed Convection in an Idealized Coastal Urban Environment With Momentum and Thermal Surface Heterogeneities
Authors: Cui Yuanfeng , Xiao Shuolin , Hu Leiqiu , Zhao Yongling , Li Qi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCoastal marine heatwaves (MHWs) modulate coastal climate through ocean‐land‐atmosphere interactions, but little is known about how coastal MHWs interact with coastal cities and modify urban thermal environment. In this study, a representative urban coastal environment under MHWs is simplified to a mixed convection problem. Fourteen large‐eddy simulations (LESs) are conducted to investigate how coastal cities interact with MHWs. We consider the simulations by simple urban roughness setup (Set A) as well as explicit urban roughness representation (Set B). Besides, different MHW intensities, synoptic wind speeds, surface fluxes of urban and sea patches are considered. Results suggest that increasing MHW intensity alters streamwise potential temperature gradient and vertical velocity direction. The magnitude of vertical velocity and urban heat island (UHI) intensity decrease with increasing synoptic wind speed. Changing urban or sea surface heat flux also leads to important differences in flow and temperature fields. Comparison between Set A and B reveals a significant increase of vertical velocity magnitude and UHI intensity. To further understand this phenomenon, a canopy layer UHI model is proposed to show the relationship between UHI intensity and urban canopy, thermal heterogeneity and mean advection. The effect of urban canopy is considered in terms of an additional vertical velocity scale that facilitates heat transport from the heated surface and therefore increases UHI intensity. The model can well explain the trend of the simulated results and implies that overlooking the effect of urban canopy underestimates canopy UHI in urban coastal environment.
Allochthonous Groundwater Microorganisms Affect Coastal Seawater Microbial Abundance, Activity and Diversity
Authors: Yanuka‐Golub Keren , Belkin Natalia , Weber Nurit , Mayyani Meor , Levy Yehuda , Reznik Itay J. , Rubin‐Blum Maxim , Rahav Eyal , Kiro Yael 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSubmarine groundwater discharge (SGD) is a globally important process supplying nutrients and trace elements to the coastal environment, thus playing a pivotal role in sustaining marine primary productivity. Along with nutrients, groundwater also contains allochthonous microbes that are discharged from the terrestrial subsurface into the sea. Currently, little is known about the interactions between groundwater‐borne and coastal seawater microbial populations, and groundwater microbes' role upon introduction to coastal seawater populations. Here, we investigated seawater microbial abundance, activity and diversity in a site strongly influenced by SGD. In addition, through laboratory‐controlled bottle incubations, we mimicked different mixing scenarios between groundwater and seawater. Our results demonstrate that the addition of 0.1 μm filtered groundwater stimulated heterotrophic activity and increased microbial abundance compared to control coastal seawater, whereas 0.22 μm filtration treatments induced primary productivity and Synechococcus growth. 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed a strong shift from a SAR11‐rich community in the control samples to Rhodobacteraceae dominance in the <0.1 μm treatment, in agreement with Rhodobacteraceae enrichment in the SGD field site. These results suggest that microbes delivered by SGD may affect the abundance, activity and diversity of intrinsic microbes in coastal seawater, highlighting the cryptic interplay between groundwater and seawater microbes in coastal environments, which has important implications for carbon cycling.