bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PALM OIL CRYSTALLIZATION: EFFECTS OF COOLING TIME AND OIL CONTENT
Authors: MISKANDAR M.S. , CHE MAN Y.B. , ABDUL RAHMAN R. , NOR AINI I. , YUSOFF M.S.A. 
Published: February 2005

ABSTRACT Isothermal crystallization behavior of fluid shortening formulation from blends of palm oil and palm olein was investigated. The oil blends filled in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) tubes to a height of 2.5 cm were melted at 70C for 30 min crystallization time. A set of 11 tubes for each temperature was placed at selected crystallizing time and the solid fat content (SFC) measured in a Bruker pulse NMR spectrometer. Crystal distribution of the same blend was observed under polarized microscope at the same time interval. A correlation was developed between SFC and crystal distribution. The crystallization curves demonstrated two distinct steps corresponding to two crystallization stages as a result of the occurrence of mixed crystallization. Crystallization was selective to the high melting triacylglycerols (TAG) at all temperatures as shown by shorter induction periods in blends with more than 41.8% palmitic acid. High melting TAG crystallized first and acted as nuclei for recrystallization of the low melting TAG. However, the low melting TAG at the same time could also solubilize the formed crystals. The average SFC as a function of time was 50% lower than the SFC profile. Slow crystallization temperature was able to promote large crystal formation that influences SFC of palm‐based shortenings. Blends of 40–60% palm oil showed promising formulations of stable fluid palm‐based shortening.
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF COMMON BEANS (PHASEOLUS VULGARIS L.)
Authors: MADHUJITH TERRENCE , NACZK MARIAN , SHAHIDI FEREIDOON 
Published: February 2005

ABSTRACT Four bean varieties with different hull colors (white, red, brown and black) were extracted with 80% acetone and evaluated for their total, hydrophobic and hydrophilic phenolics as well as tannin contents. The tannin content was measured using three different methods. Antioxidant capacity of the extracts was assessed using β‐carotene/linoleate and bulk corn oil model systems. The content of hydrophobic antioxidants was higher compared with the hydrophilic fraction in all tested bean types. Evaluation of antioxidant activity in a β‐carotene model system revealed that red, brown and black whole bean extracts were capable of inhibiting oxidation (33–52%) of β‐carotene as compared with the control when used at 100 p.p.m. level as catechin equivalents. In the corn oil model system, red, brown and black bean extracts inhibited the formation of conjugated dienes (CD; 20–28%), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS; 44–52%) and hexanal (68–84%) when used at 100 p.p.m. level as catechin equivalents. The results of this study demonstrated that colored beans possess superior antioxidative activity compared with white beans.
PERFORMANCE OF SOME EDIBLE OILS DURING HEATING IN A STEAM PRESSURE COOKER
Authors: ULUSOY BARAN ÖNAL , KARABULUT İHSAN , TURAN SEMRA 
Published: February 2005

ABSTRACT The performance of corn, soybean and hazelnut oils was investigated over a 60‐min period in a steam pressure cooker at 121C and 1.1 atm pressure. These conditions are typical of Turkish domestic cooking. In this study, the oxidative stability of the three oils was compared using peroxide value (PV), conjugated diene (CD) value and free fatty acid (FFA) content. Fatty acid composition of oils was also determined. Heating of oils for 60 min caused a significant increase in peroxide value (P < 0.05), but PV of hazelnut oil was lower than those of soybean and corn oils (P < 0.05). FFA and CD values of soybean and hazelnut oils showed an insignificant increase (P > 0.05), while the increase in corn oil was significant (P < 0.05). Minor differences existed between the fatty acids, except for linolenic acid, at the begining and at the end of the process.
LIPID EVALUATION OF SOME TUNISIAN CITRUS SEEDS
Authors: SAÏDANI M. , DHIFI W. , MARZOUK B. 
Published: February 2005

ABSTRACT Seeds from five varieties of Tunisian Citrus fruits, namely blood orange (Citrus sinensis), sweet orange (Citrus sinensis), lemon (Citrus limon L.), bergamot (Citrus bergamia) and bitter orange (Citrus aurantium), were examined for their composition of lipid classes and fatty acids. In addition, the oil yield, total fatty acids, palmitic, oleic and linoleic acids were determined. Petroleum ether‐extracted oils of these Citrus seeds amounted to more than 78% in the case of lemon seeds. The Citrus seed oils had three lipid classes as determined by thin‐layer chromatography. Triacylglycerols were the major oil class in all varieties. Gas chromatographic analyses revealed that the main fatty acids were palmitic, oleic and linoleic acids.
Quantitative PCR-Enhanced Immunoassay for Measurement of Enteroviral Immunoglobulin M Antibody and Diagnosis of Aseptic Meningitis
Authors: Elfaitouri Amal , Mohamed Nahla , Fohlman Jan , Aspholm Robert , Frisk Gun , Friman Göran , Magnius Lars , Blomberg Jonas 
Published: February 2005

ABSTRACT
A PCR-enhanced immunoassay (PIA) to detect enterovirus (EV) immunoglobulin M (IgM) for diagnosis of recent EV infection was recently developed. This test was compared with another EV IgM capture technique, the solid-phase reverse immunosorbent test (SPRIST). Fourteen of 43 serum samples from aseptic meningitis patients were positive by PIA, whereas 10 were positive by SPRIST. One of 39 control serum samples was weakly positive by PIA. A single-serum-dilution real-time PCR-based PIA for EV IgM (quantitative PIA [QPIA]) was also developed and evaluated against PIA, SPRIST, an EV IgM radioimmunoassay (RIA), and clinical data. A mixture of 12 EVs was used as the antigen. Results from investigating four groups of serum samples were as follows. (i) The nine PIA-positive serum samples in group 1 were all positive by QPIA. (ii) Group 2 consisted of 59 serum samples from aseptic meningitis patients. Nineteen of 30 serum samples (63%) taken at hospital admission were positive by QPIA. Of these, 17 were positive in EV PCR. (iii) None of the 30 control serum samples in group 3 were positive by QPIA. (iv) For the 24 serum samples in group 4, of which 11 were positive and 13 were negative by RIA, the QPIA results were completely concordant. The sensitivity and specificity of QPIA for diagnosis of EV infection were 70 and 80%, respectively. QPIA provides a rational strategy for the detection of EV IgM, allows the use of viral antigens with minimal purification, and needs no virus-specific reagents apart from those in the PCR. QPIA is a generally applicable method for the detection of viral IgM in IgM capture assays.
Development and Validation of an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Human Metapneumovirus Serology Based on a Recombinant Viral Protein
Authors: Hamelin Marie-Ève , Boivin Guy 
Published: February 2005

ABSTRACT

The human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a newly reported respiratory virus belonging to the
Paramyxoviridae
family that has been associated with bronchiolitis and pneumonia in young children. We developed a simple enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for hMPV serological testing using the nucleoprotein (N) from group A or B (N-A or N-B) as the antigen, and we evaluated it in both children and adults. The N proteins were first used in a Western immunoblot assay to identify hMPV-negative sera, which were then used to determine the cutoff value of the ELISA test. Subsequent evaluation of the ELISA-N test revealed that the mean reciprocal antibody titer of 20 randomly selected seropositive children was 143, compared to 69 for 20 seropositive adults. In a prospective evaluation of 71 adults with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 58 (81.6%) had prior hMPV antibodies and 3 (4.2%) had evidence of recent hMPV infection. In testing paired sera from adults (
n
= 4) with recent hMPV group A infection confirmed by reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR), ELISAs using the N-A or N-B proteins were able to detect hMPV seroconversion. Moreover, testing of paired sera from three adults with a recent infection by the human respiratory syncytial virus confirmed by RT-PCR and serology did not reveal any increase in hMPV antibodies over time. The ELISA-N is a simple, objective, and specific serological test useful for detecting anti-hMPV antibodies following group A or B viral infections, which should permit a better understanding of the epidemiology of this virus.
Characterization of Heat Shock Protein-Specific T Cells in Atherosclerosis
Authors: Ford Pauline , Gemmell Erica , Walker Philip , West Malcolm , Cullinan Mary , Seymour Gregory 
Published: February 2005

ABSTRACTA role for infection and inflammation in atherogenesis is widely accepted. Arterial endothelium has been shown to express heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) and, since human (hHSP60) and bacterial (GroEL) HSP60s are highly conserved, the immune response to bacteria may result in cross-reactivity, leading to endothelial damage and thus contribute to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. In this study, GroEL-specific T-cell lines from peripheral blood and GroEL-, hHSP60-, andPorphyromonas gingivalis-specific T-cell lines from atherosclerotic plaques were established and characterized in terms of their cross-reactive proliferative responses, cytokine and chemokine profiles, and T-cell receptor (TCR) Vβ expression by flow cytometry. The cross-reactivity of several lines was demonstrated. The cytokine profiles of the artery T-cell lines specific for GroEL, hHSP60, andP. gingivalisdemonstrated Th2 phenotype predominance in the CD4 subset and Tc0 phenotype predominance in the CD8 subset. A higher proportion of CD4 cells were positive for interferon-inducible protein 10 and RANTES, with low percentages of cells positive for monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 and macrophage inflammatory protein 1α, whereas a high percentage of CD8 cells expressed all four chemokines. Finally, there was overexpression of the TCR Vβ5.2 family in all lines. These cytokine, chemokine, and Vβ profiles are similar to those demonstrated previously forP. gingivalis-specific lines established from periodontal disease patients. These results support the hypothesis that in some patients cross-reactivity of the immune response to bacterial HSPs, including those of periodontal pathogens, with arterial endothelial cells expressing hHSP60 may explain the apparent association between atherosclerosis and periodontal infection.
Evaluation of Recombinant Oocyst Protein CP41 for Detection of
Cryptosporidium-
Specific Antibodies
Authors: Kjos Sonia A. , Jenkins Mark , Okhuysen Pablo C. , Chappell Cynthia L. 
Published: February 2005

ABSTRACT

Cryptosporidium
is an important cause of diarrhea in developed and developing countries, and its epidemiology is of interest. The methodologies used in the detection of
Cryptosporidium
-specific antibodies vary widely, which complicates comparison of results. This study assesses the performance of a
Cryptosporidium
recombinant protein (rCP41) in a serological assay compared to that of a crude antigen preparation. The 41-kDa protein from the oocyst wall was previously cloned and expressed in
Escherichia coli
. Sera from 192 healthy adults from the Texas Medical Center (Houston) were tested for anti-
Cryptosporidium
antibody reactivity using both crude and recombinant antigen preparations in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Immunoglobulin G reactivity was highly concordant (88%;
P
< 0.0001) between the two antigen preparations, with 110 positive (57%) and 59 negative (31%) by both tests. Regression analysis revealed a high correlation between the absorbance values generated with both antigen preparations and suggests that the rCP41 may be used in place of crude antigen. These results indicate that the use of the recombinant CP41 antigen in a standardized serodiagnostic assay could provide a reliable and cost-effective method for assessing human exposure to
Cryptosporidium
.
Detection of
Schistosoma mansoni
Membrane Antigens by Immunoblot Analysis of Sera of Patients from Low-Transmission Areas
Authors: Cesari Italo M. , Ballen Diana E. , Mendoza Leydi , Matos César 
Published: February 2005

ABSTRACT

Schistosoma mansoni
surface membrane components play a relevant role in the host-parasite interaction, and some are released in vivo as circulating antigens.
n
-Butanol extraction favors the release of membrane antigens like alkaline phosphatase, which has been shown to be specifically recognized by antibodies from
S. mansoni
-infected humans and animals. In the present study, components in the
n
-butanol extract (BE) of the adult
S. mansoni
worm membrane fraction were separated by one-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (1D SDS-PAGE [15%]) and further analyzed by immunoblotting (immunoglobulin G) using defined sera.
S. mansoni
-infected patient sera, but not sera of uninfected patients or sera obtained from patients infected with other parasite species, specifically and variably recognized up to 20 polypeptides in the molecular mass range of ∼8 to >80 kDa. There were some differences in the number, intensity, and frequency of recognition of the BE antigens among sera from Venezuelan sites of endemicity with a different status of schistosomiasis transmission. Antigens in the 28- to 24-kDa molecular mass range appeared as immunodominants and were recognized by
S. mansoni
-positive sera from all the sites, with recognition frequencies varying between 57.5 and 97.5%. Immunoblotting with BE membrane antigens resulted in a highly sensitive (98.1%), specific (96.1.0%), and confirmatory test for the immunodiagnosis of schistosomiasis in low-transmission areas.
Proteomic Approach for Characterization of Immunodominant Membrane-Associated 30- to 36-Kilodalton Fraction Antigens ofLeishmania infantumPromastigotes, Reacting with Sera from Mediterranean Visceral Leishmaniasis Patients
Authors: Kamoun-Essghaier Sayda , Guizani Ikram , Strub Jean Marc , Van Dorsselaer Alain , Mabrouk Kamel , Ouelhazi Lazhar , Dellagi Koussay 
Published: February 2005

ABSTRACTThe aim of the present study was to identify and characterize proteins of a 30- to 36-kDa fraction ofLeishmania infantumpromastigote membranes previously shown to be an immunodominant antigen(s) in Mediterranean visceral leishmaniasis (MVL) and a consistent and reliable serological marker of this disease. By the first approach, Coomassie-stained protein bands (32- and 33-kDa fractions) that specifically reacted by immunoblotting with sera from MVL patients were excised from the gel and submitted to enzymatic digestion to generate peptides. Four peptides were sequenced, three of which were shown to be definitely associated with MVL-reactive antigens and ascribed to a mitochondrial integral ADP-ATP carrier protein fromL. major, a putative NADH cytochromeb5reductase, and a putative mitochondrial carrier protein, respectively. The second approach combined two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of membrane antigens and mass spectrometry (liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry) by using a quadrupole time-of-flight analysis. Six immunoreactive spots that resolved within a molecular mass range of 30 to 36 kDa and a pH range of 6.7 to 7.4 corresponded to fourLeishmaniaproducts. The sequences derived from two spots were ascribed to a beta subunit-like guanine nucleotide binding protein, known as the activated protein kinase C receptor homolog antigen LACK, and to a probable member of the aldehyde reductase family. One spot was identified as a probable ubiquinol-cytochromecreductase (EC 1.10.2.2) Rieske iron-sulfur protein precursor. The remaining three spots were identified as truncated forms of elongation factor 1α. These antigens correspond to conserved proteins ubiquitously expressed in eukaryotic cells and represent potential candidates for the design of a reliable tool for the diagnosis of this disease.
Mapping of B-Cell Epitopes in a
Trypanosoma cruzi
Immunodominant Antigen Expressed in Natural Infections
Authors: Lesénéchal Mylène , Becquart Laurence , Lacoux Xavier , Ladavière Laurent , Baida Renata C. P. , Paranhos-Baccalà Glaucia , da Silveira José Franco 
Published: February 2005

ABSTRACT

Tc40 is an immunodominant antigen present in natural
Trypanosoma cruzi
infections. This immunogen was thoroughly mapped by using overlapping amino acid sequences identified by gene cloning and chemical peptide synthesis. To map continuous epitopes of the Tc40 antigen, an epitope expression library was constructed and screened with sera from human chagasic patients. A major, linear B-cell epitope spanning residues 403 to 426 (PAKAAAPPAA) was identified in the central domain of Tc40. A synthetic peptide spanning this region reacted strongly with 89.8% of the serum samples from
T. cruzi
-infected individuals. This indicates that the main antigenic site is defined by the linear sequence of the peptide rather than a conformation-dependent structure. The major B-cell epitope of Tc40 shares a high degree of sequence identity with
T. cruzi
ribosomal and RNA binding proteins, suggesting the existence of cross-reactivity among these molecules.
Long-Term Infection of Mongolian Gerbils withHelicobacter pylori:Microbiological, Histopathological, and Serological Analyses
Authors: Nakagawa Shigehito , Osaki Takako , Fujioka Yasunori , Yamaguchi Hiroyuki , Kamiya Shigeru 
Published: February 2005

ABSTRACTThe effects of long-term infection withHelicobacter pylorion the gastric mucosa of Mongolian gerbils were examined. Colonization byH. pyloriwas evaluated by both microaerobic cultivation and real-time reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR). Persistent infection withH. pyloriin gastric mucosa was detected by real-time RT-PCR during 6 months after infection, but noH. pyloriwas isolated 4 months after infection by cultivation. Infiltration with neutrophils and mononuclear cells was observed from 2 months after infection. Both intestinal metaplasia and gastric atrophy were also detected from 2 months after infection. The results by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay indicated that antibody titers against wholeH. pyloriantigens,H. pyloriheat shock protein 60 (HSP60), andEscherichia coliGroEL were significantly higher in the infected gerbils than in noninfected gerbils. After long-term infection withH. pylorifor 18 months, marked atrophy of gastric mucosa and multiple cysts in the submucosa were observed in the glandular stomach of the infected gerbils. In addition, squamous cell papilloma with hyperkeratosis was observed in cardia of all the infected gerbils. These results indicate that evaluation of bacterial colonization during long-term infection can be done by real-time RT-PCR and that mucosal damage might be induced by host immune response against wholeH. pyloriantigen.
H<sup>+</sup>-ATPase Activity in Collecting Duct Segments in Protein-Deprived Rats – Role of Angiotensin II on Its Regulation
Authors: Vallés Patricia G. , Carrizo Liliana , Seltzer Alicia , Manucha Walter 
Published: February 2005

<i>Background:</i> Enhanced expression of the genes that encode for components of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has been exhibited in low-protein-fed (LP) rats. We examined distal proton secretion in LP rats through the activity of H<sup>+</sup>-ATPase on microdissected CCD, OMCD and IMCD segments. The effect of angiotensin II AT<sub>1</sub> receptor inhibition and protein recovery (24% protein) on H<sup>+</sup>-ATPase activity was studied. <i>Methods:</i> Bafilomycin-sensitive H<sup>+</sup>-ATPase activity on CCD, OMCD and IMCD segments of LP (protein 8%) and control rats CP (protein 24%) was evaluated. We examined the levels of mRNA expression of RAS components: angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensinogen and angiotensin II AT<sub>1</sub> expression; AT<sub>1 </sub>receptor binding and distribution were determined by quantitative autoradiography. <i>Results:</i> Increased ACE and AT<sub>1</sub> mRNA expression was found in cortex and medulla of LP compared to NP rats. AT<sub>1</sub> receptor binding density was significantly reduced in renal cortex and inner stripe of the outer medulla of LP compared to NP rats. Minimal radioligand binding was shown in inner medulla of LP. Whole kidney expression of angiotensinogen was unaltered in LP. H<sup>+</sup>-ATPase activity significantly decreased in IMCDs and OMCDs of LP. The inhibitory effect of LP was abolished when OMCD segments were incubated for 60 min in the presence of losartan 10<sup>–6</sup> to 10<sup>–8</sup><i>M</i>. There was no effect of losartan concentrations from 10<sup>–6</sup> to 10<sup>–8</sup> <i>M</i> on IMCDs. Similar results were observed on H<sup>+</sup>-ATPase activity in OMCD and IMCD segments after readministration of 24% protein in the diet. <i>Conclusion:</i> Both the recovery of H<sup>+</sup>-ATPase activity in OMCD segments induced by losartan and the increased expression of AT<sub>1 </sub>receptor suggest angiotensin II modulation of proton ATPase activity on this duct segments in LP rats. Intense compromise of proton secretion through the continued H<sup>+</sup>-ATPase inhibition in IMCDs from LP was shown.
Performance of Quality Assurance Procedures for an Applied Climate Information System
Authors: Hubbard K. G. , Goddard S. , Sorensen W. D. , Wells N. , Osugi T. T. 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
Valid data are required to make climate assessments and to make climate-related decisions. The objective of this paper is threefold: to introduce an explicit treatment of Type I and Type II errors in evaluating the performance of quality assurance procedures, to illustrate a quality control approach that allows tailoring to regions and subregions, and to introduce a new spatial regression test. Threshold testing, step change, persistence, and spatial regression were included in a test of three decades of temperature and precipitation data at six weather stations representing different climate regimes. The magnitude of thresholds was addressed in terms of the climatic variability, and multiple thresholds were tested to determine the number of Type I errors generated. In a separate test, random errors were seeded into the data and the performance of the tests was such that most Type II errors were made in the range of ±1°C for temperature, not too different from the sensor field accuracy. The study underscores the fact that precipitation is more difficult to quality control than temperature. The new spatial regression test presented in this document outperformed all the other tests, which together identified only a few errors beyond those identified by the spatial regression test.