bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revealing the limitations of 10-year MACE observations: 20-year observed total cardiovascular burden in the EPIC-Norfolk study
Authors: van Trier Tinka J , Snaterse Marjolein , Dorresteijn Jannick AN , Bogaart Manon van den , Scholte op Reimer Wilma JM , Visseren Frank LJ , Peters Ron JG , Jørstad Harald T , Boekholdt S Matthijs 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundPrimary prevention strategies for cardiovascular disease (CVD) conventionally rely on 10-year risk estimates of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). However, communicating longer-term total CVD risk may better facilitate informed preventive decisions. Therefore, we aimed to quantify how well 10-year observed incidence reflects 20-year observed incidence and how MACE reflects total CVD events across demographic groups, using observations in long-term prospective data.MethodsIn individuals aged 40–79 without CVD or diabetes from the population-based EPIC-Norfolk cohort, we compared the first occurrence of 10 and 20 years (1) 3-point MACE events (non-fatal myocardial infarction+non-fatal stroke+fatal CVD) and (2) total CVD events (all non-fatal and fatal CVD events leading to hospitalisation), stratified by sex and age.ResultsAmong 22 569 participants (57% women), incident 10-year and 20-year 3-point MACE was 5.3% and 15.5%, respectively, yielding 20/10 year ratios from 2.2 (in older men) to 4.5 (in younger women). Total CVD increased from 10.5% at 10 years to 26.9% at 20 years, with ratios ranging from 1.9 (older men) to 3.9 (younger women). Ratios between 10-year MACE and 20-year total CVD varied substantially, ranging from 3-fold in (older men) to 10-fold (younger women).ConclusionsThe observed incidence of CVD roughly triples from 10 to 20 years of follow-up, with 10-year MACE observations underestimating 20-year total CVD burden by a factor ranging from 3 (older men) to 10 (younger women). These findings highlight the limitations of communicating 10-year MACE risk assessments to facilitate informed decisions in longer-term CVD prevention—particularly in younger women.
An Open‐Label Comparative Study of the Impact of Two Types of Electrical Stimulation (Direct Current Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation and Transcutaneous Electrical Stimulation) on Physical Therapy Treatment of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy
Authors: Kostopoulos Dimitrios , Rizopoulos Konstantine , McGilvrey Joe , Hauskey Jennifer , Courcier Jeff , Connor-Israel Kay , Koster Harry , von Leden Ramona 
Published: February 2025

Objective:The objective of this study is to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of treatments with two different electrical stimulation (e‐stim) devices—pulsed direct current (DC) (Neubie) and alternating current (AC) (transcutaneous electrical stimulation (TENS))—in the treatment of symptoms for patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN).Design:Randomized controlled trial (RCT) with parallel groups.Methods: One hundred fifty participants were recruited from 13 Hands‐On Diagnostics–affiliated sites across several US locations. Participants were randomly divided into two groups for comparison—Neubie and TENS. Participants received a 30‐min foot stimulation protocol with either TENS unit electrodes or Neubie electrodes. Outcome measures included the Toronto Clinical Neuropathy Score (TCNS), two‐point discrimination, visual analogue scale (VAS), vibration sense (VBS), nerve conduction velocity (NCV), and nerve amplitude. The effect of the two variables on all outcome measures was determined using an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA).Results: The Neubie group demonstrated statistically significant improvements in TCNS for both right and left sides (p < 0.001), two‐point discrimination of the dominant foot (p = 0.001), VBS (p = 0.022) and VAS scores (p = 0.009), and some but not all nerves tested by NCV (p < 0.05).Conclusion: Overall, DPN treatment with the Neubie resulted in significant improvements in several major outcome measures, whereas TENS showed no significant difference in any outcome measure. These findings support the use of DC devices as a potentially superior therapeutic treatment for neuropathy over AC devices like the TENS unit.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05442021
Unaddressed hybridization between green (Bufotes viridis) and natterjack toads (Epidalea calamita) can lead to underestimation of genetic heterozygosity and inflated estimates of inbreeding
Authors: Bolte Leonard , Ertmer Julia , Preißler Kathleen , Klute Lea , Schaffer Stefan , Barth M. Benjamin , Henle Klaus , Steinfartz Sebastian 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Hybridization is a major evolutionary process with significant consequences for the ecology and conservation of species and lineages. However, genetic studies that evaluate the level and influence of hybridization in wild populations of conservation concern remain scarce, despite recognition that unaddressed hybridization can bias results and lead to erroneous conclusions. Here, we explore how hybridization in mixed populations of the natterjack (Epidalea calamita) and green toads (Bufotes viridis) impacts the estimation of genetic parameters used to evaluate the conservation status of the regionally threatened natterjack toad. In order to determine the population structure of natterjack toads in the Central German Mining District near Leipzig (Germany) we have analysed 594 samples of bufonid eggs and tadpoles from eight different sites. Based on a detailed analysis of microsatellite loci, 392 individuals were determined as E. calamita, 158 as B. viridis and 44 as hybrids. Due to the high proportion of hybrids at some sites, estimates of inbreeding (FIS) in natterjack toads were biased towards higher values due to the detection of false homozygous individuals when hybrids were not removed from the dataset. Since inbreeding coefficients are a crucial parameter for population genetic analysis and biased estimates can give misleading results, our findings show that unaddressed hybridization can result in inflated estimates of inbreeding. This in turn, can lead to false conclusions that may ultimately misdirect conservation actions. We suggest that, if hybridization is documented for species pairs, it needs to be considered at an early stage when analysing populations.
Modes of Being and Non-Being
Authors: Moltmann Friederike 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Existence as reflected in natural language is not a univocal notion, but divides into different modes of being, such as existence (in, roughly, the sense of endurance) and occurrence. One aim of this article is to distinguish sharply between abstract artifacts and non-existent objects (e.g., plans vs. planned events that fail to occur); another is to argue for validity as a mode of being distinct from existence, as well as for corresponding distinctions among non-being.
Combined morphological and molecular approaches reveal Conocybe pakistanensis (Bolbitiaceae), a novel species from Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: AKRAM WAJAHAT , SABA MALKA , ASIF MUHAMMAD , MAULA FAZLI , BATOOL MOMAL , KAMAL ASIF , NOOR ATIKA 
Published: February 2025

This study significantly contributes to fungal taxonomy by integrating morphological and phylogenetic analyses using ITS and 28S sequences. Focusing on the Conocybe genus in Pakistan, the combined strategy has effectively identified a new species i.e. C. pakistanensis. The new species is distinguished by a broadly parabolic pileus, with dull orange lamellae, ellipsoid to oblong basidiospores with prominent germ pores, bisporic basidia, lecythiform cheilocystidia, and caulocystidia but vary in size of neck and capitulum, and epithelioid hymeniderm pileus composed of globose to subglobose elements. This research advances our understanding of fungal diversity by investigating morphological characteristics and genetic profiles. The morphological, ITS and combined ITS-28S based phylogenetic studies revealed that the new species nested within C. sect. Conocybe. This finding not only broadens our understanding of local fungal biodiversity but also demonstrates the value of a comprehensive methodology.
Enhancing Integrated Treatment Programs for Severe Concurrent Substance Use and Mental Disorders: Insights on Overdose from the ROAR CANADA Project: Améliorer les programmes de traitement intégré pour les troubles mentaux et les troubles liés à l’usage de substances psychoactives graves et concomitants : aperçu de la problématique des surdoses dans le cadre du projet ROAR CANADA
Authors: Schütz Christian G. , Nicholls Tonia , Schmid Laura , Penner Sydney , Massey Myra , Thiessen Karina A. , Todesco Stefanie , Rafizadeh Reza , Cowie Kiefer , Syan Sabrina K. , MacKillop James 
Published: February 2025

Objective This paper summarizes methods and initial overdose-related results from the Reducing Overdose and Relapse: Concurrent Attention to Neuropsychiatric Ailments and Drug Addiction (ROAR CANADA) project. ROAR CANADA is a longitudinal observational study of individuals with severe concurrent substance use and mental disorders (also called dual disorders or dual diagnosis). The study sampled patients treated at two tertiary treatment centres in British Columbia, Red Fish Healing Centre and Heartwood Centre, along with a concurrent treatment unit at St. Joseph's in Ontario. These facilities have implemented evidence-based integrated treatment programs. Our first analysis explores selected baseline characteristics as potential risk factors for drug overdose in this population. Method Sociodemographic factors, trauma history, and impulsivity were part of a more comprehensive longitudinal assessment. In this first investigation, we use bivariate analysis and logistic and linear regression modelling to examine these variables in relation to overdose history. Results Overall, 291 of 450 participants (64.7%) reported a history of ≥1 overdose. Across the three centres, patients had a lifetime average of 7.6 ( SD = 12.9) overdoses. The prevalence and mean number of overdoses were somewhat higher among Red Fish patients (74.5% and 8.5, respectively). Adverse childhood events, lifetime trauma history, and impulsivity were all high, but only lifetime trauma history emerged as significantly associated with overdose across all treatment centres. Impulsivity indicators were selectively associated with overdose by site, but not consistently within the overall sample. Conclusions These results highlight the importance of prioritizing trauma-informed care in the treatment of individuals with severe concurrent substance use and mental disorders, who are at high risk of overdose. The integration of trauma treatment into existing programs may enhance patient outcomes and contribute to the ongoing evolution of effective care strategies for this complex population. These findings are particularly relevant in light of the overdose crisis.
Health Behaviors and Executive Function in Late Adulthood: A Time-Varying Effect Modeling Analysis
Authors: Jung Myungjin , Kim Heontae , Patrick Zakary , Lee Seomgyun 
Published: February 2025

Objective Cognitive decline in older adults is a public health issue, with modifiable factors like obesity and sleep potentially influencing this trajectory. Previous research on their relationship with executive function has shown mixed results, particularly across older adulthood. Methods This study utilized time-varying effect modeling (TVEM) to assess the impact of body mass index (BMI) and sleep on executive function in older adults aged 60 to 79, using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2012 and 2013–2014 cycles ( N = 2543). Executive function was evaluated using the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST). Results Findings indicated that while BMI did not significantly affect cognition, adequate sleep (7–8 hours) was linked to better executive function, especially in individuals aged 63 to 65. Conclusion These results highlight sleep’s importance for cognitive health and suggest interventions focusing on sleep and weight management to mitigate age-related cognitive decline.
Professional adaptation of former servicemen after Russo-Ukrainian war: World experience and ways of improvement
Authors: Yaroshenko Oleg M. , Maliuha Lesya Ju. , Kravtsov Danylo M. , Halkina Nataliia M. , Zatynaichenko Kyryl V. 
Published: February 2025

Background The issue of professional adaptation of servicemen who return to civilian life after dismissal from the Armed Forces of Ukraine and other military formations is highly relevant. This urgency depends on the dramatic changes in their living conditions and requires mastering the rules of behavior and communication in civilian life, improving the existing knowledge, competencies, and skills, and promoting successful employment. Objective The purpose of the work is to study modern institutional approaches to the process of labor adaptation of former servicemen, to study the experience of foreign countries, and to formulate ways to improve the Ukrainian system of professional adaptation of former servicemen. Methods Drawing on a range of scientific methods including dialectics, systematic analysis, synthesis, deduction, and induction, this study aims to understand modern institutional approaches to labor adaptation for former servicemen. Results The study draws attention to the valuable experiences of other countries, including the United States, Sierra Leone, and the United Kingdom, in successfully reintegrating military personnel into civilian life. These examples provide insights into various aspects of social and professional adaptation, such as vocational training, retraining, social housing, and the early initiation of reintegration efforts. Conclusions The findings of this study hold practical significance for institutions and organizations involved in supporting the transition of servicemen to civilian life. By providing insights into effective strategies and approaches, this research aims to contribute to the development of more comprehensive and successful professional adaptation programs for former servicemen, ultimately facilitating their successful integration into civilian society.
Ameliorating Effect of Triticum aestivum (WG) Against Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity: Role of Cytokines, Free Radicals and Apoptotic Cascade
Authors: Alshahrani Saeed , Muzafar Hisham M. A. , Tripathi Pankaj , Alam Mohammad Firoz , Rehman Zia ur , Tripathi Rina , Moni Sivakumar S. , Alqahtani Saad S. , Ashafaq Mohammad , Taha Manal Mohamed Elhassan , Nomier Yousra 
Published: February 2025

Objectives Cisplatin (CP) is a most potent chemotherapeutic agent; however, CP causes nephrotoxicity that limits its therapeutic utility. Triticum aestivum called wheatgrass (WG) is a strong antioxidant and potent detoxifying herb that has not only been studied for anticancer activity but also for efficacy and safety when combined with anticancer drugs. This study investigated the efficacy of WG against CP-induced nephrotoxicity. Methods Male rats were allocated into five sets of six rats in each: (1) normal control (NC), (2) CP-treated (7.5 mg/kg) as positive control (PC), (3) WG-200 mg/kg alone, and (4) CP with WG-100, and (5) CP with WG-200 mg/kg groups. Hydro-alcoholic extract of WG was administered orally to the animals for two weeks, and CP was administered intraperitoneally to the respective groups on the 10th day to induce nephrotoxicity. Serum was used for kidney function and kidneys for histological examination and quantification of apoptosis markers, pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress. Results CP-induced nephrotoxicity was apparent from histological damage and increased levels of BUN, Cr and UA. CP also caused an increase in malondialdehyde and decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT) activities and led to up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and apoptosis markers. WG caused a significant decrease in Cr, BUN, UA, MDA and increase in GSH, SOD and CAT activities. Conclusion WG ameliorated histological damage and led to a reversal of cytokines and apoptosis markers. Both doses of WG effectively ameliorated CP-induced nephrotoxicity; thus, during chemotherapy, WG could be a promising adjunct to CP.
Outpatient primary care cardiology referrals: Referral patterns, risk stratification and clinical outcomes
Authors: Chua Yi Yi , Jiang Yilin , Wang Sinead Zhen , Phoon Ian , Yeo Khung Keong , Chua Terrance Siang Jin , Yap Jonathan 
Published: February 2025

Introduction With an increasing burden of cardiovascular disease, there has been rising demands for outpatient cardiology services. In this study, we reviewed the cardiology referral patterns from primary care to a tertiary cardiac centre, and evaluated their longer term clinical outcomes based on referral symptomatology as well as risk stratification. Methods Consecutive outpatients referred from primary care to a national cardiac centre between March 2015 to December 2020 were included. Patients with known coronary artery disease (CAD) were excluded. Chest pain patients were stratified by pre-test probability (PTP) of obstructive CAD using chest pain risk scores and the rest by age and sex. Outcomes studied included mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). Results A total of 33,244 patients (11,865 chest pain, 3427 palpitations, 2844 dyspnoea) were included. In patients with chest pain, the 3-year mortality and MACE rates were 1.25% and 3.19% respectively. Patients with higher PTP of CAD demonstrated significantly higher rates of adverse events. In patients with palpitations, the 3-year mortality and MACE rates were 0.86% and 1.55% respectively. Males aged >65years had significantly higher risk of 3-year mortality ( p < .00.5). In patients with dyspnoea, the 3-year mortality and MACE rates were 3.34 and 4.44% respectively. Subsets of younger age and/or female sex had lower rates of adverse events. Conclusions While long term adverse clinical outcomes were generally low in this stable outpatient cohort, risk stratification allowed for identification of an even lower risk subset of patients for whom additional testing may potentially not yield incremental clinical benefit.
MoodMover: Development and usability testing of an mHealth physical activity intervention for depression
Authors: Tang Yiling , Gierc Madelaine , La Henry , Kim Juehee , Liu Sam , Lam Raymond W , Puterman Eli , Faulkner Guy 
Published: February 2025

Background Physical activity (PA) is recognized as a modifiable lifestyle factor for managing depression. An application(app)-based intervention to promote PA among individuals with depression may be a viable alternative or adjunct to conventional treatments offering increased accessibility. Objective This paper describes the early stages of the development process of MoodMover, a 9-week app-based intervention designed to promote PA for people with depression, including its usability testing. Methods Development of MoodMover followed the initial stages of the Integrate, Design, Assess, and Share (IDEAS) framework. The development process included (1) identifying intervention needs and planning; (2) intervention development; and (3) usability testing and refinement. Usability testing employed a mixed-methods formative approach via virtual semi-structured interviews involving goal-oriented tasks and administration of the mHealth App Usability Questionnaire (MAUQ). Results Drawing on formative research, a multidisciplinary research team developed the intervention, guided by the Multi-Process Action Control framework. Nine participants engaged in the usability testing with the MoodMover prototypes receiving an average MAUQ score of 5.79 (SD = 1.04), indicating good to high usability. Necessary modifications were made based on end-users' feedback. Conclusions The development of MoodMover, the first theoretically informed app-based PA intervention for individuals with depression, may provide another treatment option, which has wide reach. The comprehensive usability testing indicated interest in the app and strong perceptions of usability enabling a user-centered approach to refine the app to better align with end-users' preferences and needs. Testing the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of the refined MoodMover is now recommended.
Disparities in Diabetes Distress and Nutrition Management Among Black and Hispanic Adults: A Mixed Methods Exploration of Social Determinants
Authors: Silver Santana R. , Jones Kayla C. , Kim Emily M. , Khaw-Marchetta Stephanie , Thornton Sophia , Kremer Kristen , Walkey Allan , Drainoni Mari-Lynn , Fantasia Kathryn L. 
Published: February 2025

Purpose The purpose of this study was to explore self-reported diabetes management strategies, social determinants of health (SDOH), and barriers to care among people with diabetes receiving care in a safety-net setting to identify factors contributing to disparities in outcomes for Black and Hispanic adults and inform future interventions. Methods Sequential, explanatory, mixed methods study comprised a survey of adults with diabetes seen in primary care at a safety-net hospital in New England, followed by qualitative semistructured interviews with a subset of the Black and Hispanic respondents. Descriptive statistics, chi-square and t tests were used to analyze quantitative data. The health equity implementation framework was used to guide qualitative data collection and directed content analysis. Results A total of 496 respondents completed the survey; 48 Black and Hispanic adults participated in interviews. Diabetes-related distress was significantly higher among Black and Hispanic participants compared to White participants. Nutrition management use was significantly lower among Black and Hispanic participants. Qualitative findings suggest that SDOH and lack of education and support, specifically, nutrition and access to self-management resources, contributed to diabetes-related distress and prevented optimal self-management. Conclusions High rates of diabetes-related distress and low rates of nutrition management were identified in Black and Hispanic adults in a safety-net setting. Qualitative interviews demonstrated a relationship between adverse SDOH and lack of nutrition education with diabetes distress and challenges to self-management, potentially contributing to disparities in outcomes. Findings suggest that increased uptake of nutrition therapy and self-management education and support may be critical for improving diabetes outcomes and promoting health equity.