bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dental caries and associated factors in 7‐, 12‐ and 15‐year‐old schoolchildren in the canton of Basel‐Landschaft, Switzerland: Changes in caries experience from 1992 to 2021
Authors: Grieshaber Andreina , Waltimo Tuomas , Haschemi Asin Ahmad , Bornstein Michael Marc , Kulik Eva Maria 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundEpidemiological surveys in schoolchildren are used to assess the current status of oral health.AimTo investigate the changes in caries experience among schoolchildren in the canton of Basel‐Landschaft, Switzerland, over a period of three decades. Secondary objectives were to evaluate the impact of various personal and demographic factors such as age group, place of residence or dental hygiene awareness on caries prevalence as well as the history of orthodontic treatment in the year 2021.DesignA random sampling of school classes from first, sixth and ninth grades, that is schoolchildren aged 7, 12 and 15 years, was performed. Children's dmft and DMFT scores were determined according to the WHO methodology while information on oral hygiene habits and dental prophylaxis awareness was collected by means of a questionnaire directed to the legal guardians of the children. Individual logistic regressions were performed to identify possible influencing factors for caries.ResultsA total of 1357 schoolchildren could be included in the study. In the year 2021, the youngest age group had an average of 0.68 primary teeth that needed treatment, whereas the 12‐ and 15‐year‐olds each had approximately 0.3 permanent teeth requiring treatment. While these numbers remained constant over the examination period of three decades, most of the other caries indices improved. Younger children (p = .001) and children with a migrant background (p < .001) were found to be risk groups. Orthodontic treatment was more frequent in females, schoolchildren of Swiss nationality and children attending higher secondary schools at ninth grade.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that even in a country with a low prevalence of caries experience, untreated carious lesions remain a problem as their prevalence remained unchanged over the examination period of three decades.
Quercetin and its derivatives for wound healing in rats/mice: Evidence from animal studies and insight into molecular mechanisms
Authors: Huang He‐chen , Chen Yan , Hu Jie , Guo Xiu‐tian , Zhou Shao‐rong , Yang Qi‐qi , Du Yu‐qing , Jin Yu , Liu Guo‐bin , Peng Yun‐hua 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimed to clarify the effect of quercetin and its derivatives on wound healing in animal experiments. PubMed, Embase, Science Direct, Web of Science, SinoMed, Vip Journal Integration Platform, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and WanFang databases were searched for animal experiments investigating the effect of quercetin and its derivatives on wound healing to April 2023. The Review Manager 5.4 software was used to conduct meta‐analysis. Eighteen studies were enrolled in this article. According to the SYRCLE's RoB tool assessment, these studies exposed relatively low methodological quality. It was shown that animals with cutaneous wound receiving quercetin had faster wound healing in wound closure (%) than the control group. Moreover, the difference in efficacy gradually emerged after third day (WMD = 7.13 [5.52, 8.74]), with a peak reached on the tenth day after wounding (WMD = 19.78 [17.82, 21.74]). Subgroup analysis revealed that quercetin for wound closure (%) was independent of the types of rats and mice, wound area and with or without diabetes. Clear conclusion was also shown regarding the external application of quercetin for wound healing (WMD = 17.77 [11.11, 24.43]). A significant reduction in the distribution of inflammatory cells occurred in the quercetin group. Quercetin could increase blood vessel density (WMD = 1.85 [0.68, −3.02]), fibroblast distribution and collagen fraction. Biochemical indicators, including IL‐1β, IL‐10, TNF‐α, TGF‐β, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), hydroxyproline and alpha‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA), had the consistent results. Quercetin and its derivatives could promote the recovery of cutaneous wound in animals, through inhibiting inflammatory response and accelerating angiogenesis, proliferation of fibroblast and collagen deposition.
Ion uptake and distribution in sweet potato genotypes subjected to salt stress is not driven by transpiration
Authors: Mondal Shimul , Rahaman Ebna Habib Md Shofiur , Asch Folkard 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPotassium is taken up actively by the plant, whereas sodium is often either competing for the same uptake mechanisms or uptake and distribution are driven by the transpirational volume flow in the shoots of plants grown under salinity. Reducing transpiration rate is regarded as an adaptation mechanism to reduce leaf tissue salt load. In combination with a high K uptake, plants may be able to maintain growth and are, thus, seen as salt‐tolerant. Little is known about these mechanisms in sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.). Therefore, cuttings of two sweet potato genotypes contrasting in salinity tolerance (CIP 188002.1, tolerant; CIP 189151.8, sensitive) were subjected to 0 and 50 mM NaCl root zone salinity in a hydroponic system and grown under low (0.76 kPa) and high (2.27 kPa) vapour pressure deficit (VPD) to create differences in transpiration. After 18 days of initial hydroponic growth, NaCl was added for another 33 days. Cumulative plant water loss and total uptake of Na, K and Cl were determined for all plants and treatments. Transpirational water loss was twice as high under high VPD as compared to low VPD conditions, but genotypic Na and Cl accumulation remained almost the same. In contrast to plants subjected to salt stress under low VPD conditions, genotypes under high VPD conditions differed significantly in transpiration. However, in both genotypes transpirational water loss from individual leaves and Na or Cl accumulation were not correlated, under high VPD younger leaves of CIP 188002.1 (tolerant) accumulated more than twice as much potassium than in CIP 189151.8 (sensitive). The distribution of the three ions across leaf positions and within one leaf position between petiole and leaf blade differed strongly between the two genotypes. Tolerant CIP 188002.1 accumulated up to five times more sodium and potassium in the leaf petioles in the middle‐aged and young leaf positions than in the leaf blade, whereas in sensitive CIP 189151.8 neither ion was preferentially accumulated in the petioles. This was independent of salinity treatment and VPD conditions. In contrast, hyperaccumulation of Cl in petioles only occurred under high VPD conditions in the petioles of the tolerant genotype, but not under low VPD conditions, indicating a VPD sensitivity for Cl distribution in sweet potato. While we conclude that transpirational volume flow is not a main driving force for Na and Cl uptake and distribution within the plant, we discuss potential pathways leading to the hyperaccumulation of sodium and potassium in the leaf petioles of the tolerant genotype. We suggest studies on HKT transporter activities in the petioles as an object of further studies in sweet potato.
Violence and aggression against nurses during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Latin America. From the emerging leaders program of the Interamerican Society of Cardiology (SIAC)
Authors: Gupta Shyla , Garcia‐Zamora Sebastián , Juarez‐Lloclla Jorge , Farina Juan , Foisy Melanie , Pulido Laura , Ramos Victoria , Merschon Franco , Parodi Josefina B. , Sanchez María Elena , Munera Ana , Piskorz Daniel , Pineiro Daniel José , Tse Gary , Lopez‐Santi Ricardo , Baranchuk Adrian 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIntroductionDuring the Coronavirus (COVID‐19) pandemic, healthcare providers have overcome difficult experiences such as workplace violence. Nurses are particularly vulnerable to workplace violence. The objective of this study was to characterize violence and aggression against nurses during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Latin America.MethodsAn electronic cross‐sectional survey was conducted in 19 Latin American countries to characterize the frequency and type of violent actions against front‐line healthcare providers.ResultsOf the original 3544 respondents, 16% were nurses (n = 567). The mean age was 39.7 ± 9.0 years and 79.6% (n = 2821) were women. In total, 69.8% (n = 2474) worked in public hospitals and 81.1% (n = 2874) reported working regularly with COVID‐19 patients. Overall, about 68.6% (n = 2431) of nurses experienced at least one episode of workplace aggression during the pandemic. Nurses experienced weekly aggressions more frequently than other healthcare providers (45.5% versus 38.1%, p < .007). Nurses showed a trend of lower reporting rates against the acts of aggression suffered (p = .076). In addition, nurses were more likely to experience negative cognitive symptoms after aggressive acts (33.4% versus 27.8%, p = .028). However, nurses reported considering changing their work tasks less frequently compared to other healthcare providers after an assault event (p = .005).ConclusionWorkplace violence has been a frequent problem for all healthcare providers during COVID‐19 pandemic in Latin America. Nurses were a particularly vulnerable subgroup, with higher rates of aggressions and cognitive symptoms and lower rate of complaints than other healthcare providers who suffered from workplace violence. It is imperative to develop strategies to protect this vulnerable group from aggressions during their tasks.
Reconstructing the complex colonisation histories of lizards across Mediterranean archipelagos
Authors: Sherpa Stéphanie , Salvi Daniele , Silva‐Rocha Iolanda , Capblancq Thibaut , Paris Josephine R. , Carretero Miguel Angel , Ficetola Gentile Francesco 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimThe Mediterranean Basin is a global biodiversity hotspot and has one of the longest histories of human–biota interactions. Islands host a large fraction of Mediterranean diversity and endemism, but the relative importance of natural versus human‐mediated colonisation processes in shaping the distribution and genetic structure of Mediterranean island fauna remains poorly understood. Here, we combine population genomics, demographic models and palaeoshoreline reconstructions to establish the island‐colonisation dynamics of wall lizards in Mediterranean archipelagos.LocationFour Mediterranean archipelagos in Italy and Croatia.TaxonThe wall lizard Podarcis siculus.MethodsWe used ddRAD sequencing to genotype 140 lizards from 23 island and mainland populations. Analyses of admixture and site frequency spectra were used to reconstruct population structure, demographic history and variation of gene flow through time. Genomic results were integrated with palaeogeographical reconstructions and were compared to archaeological evidence of human presence on these islands.ResultsAlthough many island populations of this species are assumed to be non‐native, we find that many islands were colonised long before any known human settlements (230,000–12,000 years ago). This natural colonisation most likely occurred through land bridges during glacial marine regression or by over‐sea rafting. On the other hand, islands distant from the continent were often colonised recently, and some of the estimated island colonisation times match historical records of human arrival. We also determine that long‐established island populations generally show lower genetic diversity compared to proximate mainland populations, contrary to recently colonised islands that must have experienced higher rates of post‐colonisation gene flow.Main ConclusionOur integrated approach provides us with the power to accurately quantify the origin, timing and mode of island colonisation. This framework helps to clarify the biogeographical and evolutionary history of island populations, with important implications for conservation and management of island biodiversity.
Health‐risk behaviors and peer pressure of adolescents in the child protective services in Türkiye: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: İyi Zahide , Kahriman İlknur 
Published: October 2023

AbstractProblemThis study was carried out to investigate the health‐risk behaviors and peer pressure of adolescents aged 12–18 years in need of protection at child protective services.MethodsThe data of this cross‐sectional study were collected using individual interviews with 85 adolescents living in child homes and child homes buildings complex between February 25 and May 31, 2019. The data were collected using the “Descriptive Information Form,” the “Health‐Risk Behaviors Questionnaire,” and the “Peer Pressure Questionnaire.”FindingsThe results of study in adolescents were 34.1% were in the risk group in terms of weight, and 41.2% had a psychiatric problem. Among the health‐risk behaviors of adolescents; 56.5% did not pay attention to daily nutrition, 51.8% had fast food every day, 54.1% injury behaviors were doing dangerous sports, only 15.3% wore seat belts, 78.8% did not exercise three or more days per week, 38.8% watched television and computer three or more hours per day, 27.1% used painkillers without consulting a doctor, 24.7% applied the health recommendations they read on the internet, 20.0% of the adolescents reported that they went on a diet without consulting the healthcare personnel, and 14.1% voluntary vomited to lose or maintain their weight. And 21.2% of the adolescents were exposed to peer pressure.ConclusionsIt was concluded that adolescents in need of protection at child protective services have health‐risk behaviors and low‐level peer pressure.
Serum uric acid is independently associated with hypertension in patients with polymyositis and dermatomyositis
Authors: liu mei , Zhao Zhirong , Lu Kening , Luo Qiang , Zhao Tianjun , Wang Han 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSerum uric acid (UA), as an antioxidant, has been associated with hypertension in the general population. Hypertension is highly prevalent in patients with polymyositis and dermatomyositis (PM/DM). Owning elevated levels of reactive oxygen species, patients with PM/DM have lower concentrations of UA in comparison with healthy people. We explored a potential association between UA levels and hypertension in PM/DM and evaluated whether this association is independent of hypertension risk factors, PM/DM characteristics and relevant drugs. A total of 472 PM/DM patients were assessed. UA and related laboratory data were measured. Demographic, hypertension‐related factors, PM/DM characteristics and drug use were assessed as potential covariates. Results were analyzed using logistic models to test the independence of the association between UA and hypertension. UA levels were higher in hypertension subjects compared to non‐hypertensive PM/DM patients [284.70 (239.93‐357.38) vs 264.00(222.50‐322.75), p = .017]. When adjusted for hypertension risk factors, PM/DM characteristics and drugs, the odds of being a hypertensive PM/DM patient per 1 μmol/L UA increase were significantly increased: odds ratio = 1.473 (95% confidence interval:1.063‐2.042, p = .020). This cross‐sectional study suggests that UA levels are independently associated with hypertension in PM/DM patients.
Bradykinin‐bradykinin receptor (B1R) signalling is involved in the blood–brain barrier disruption in moyamoya disease
Authors: Wang Haidong , Sun Wenxue , Li Fengfeng , Jiang Pei , Wang Lei , Zhou Nannan , Feng Lei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMoyamoya disease (MMD) is a rare disorder of the cerebrovascular system. It is a steno‐occlusive disease that involves angiogenesis and blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption. Bradykinin (BK), its metabolite des‐Arg9‐BK, and receptor (B1R) affect angiogenesis and BBB integrity. In this study, we aimed to investigate the changes in BK, B1R and des‐Arg9‐BK levels in the serum and brain tissues of patients with MMD and explore the underlying mechanism of these markers in MMD. We obtained the serum samples and superficial temporal artery (STA) tissue of patients with MMD from the Department of Neurosurgery of the Jining First People's Hospital. First, we measured BK, des‐Arg9‐BK and B1R levels in the serum of patients by means of ELISA. Next, we performed immunofluorescence to determine B1R expression in STA tissues. Finally, we determined the underlying mechanism through Western blot, angiogenesis assay, immunofluorescence, transendothelial electrical resistance and transcytosis assays. Our results demonstrated a significant increase in the BK, des‐Arg9‐BK and B1R levels in the serum of patients with MMD compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, an increase in the B1R expression level was observed in the STA tissues of patients with MMD. BK and des‐Arg9‐BK could promote the migratory and proliferative abilities of bEnd.3 cells and inhibited the formation of bEnd.3 cell tubes. In vitro BBB model showed that BK and des‐Arg9‐BK could reduce claudin‐5, ZO‐1 and occluding expression and BBB disruption. To the best of our knowledge, our results show an increase in BK and B1R levels in the serum and STA tissues of patients with MMD. BK and Des‐Arg9‐BK could inhibit angiogenesis, promote migratory and proliferative capacities of cells, and disrupt BBB integrity. Therefore, regulating BK, des‐Arg9‐BK and B1R levels in the serum and the brain could be potential strategies for treating patients with MMD.
Characteristics of individuals who developed type 2 diabetes from prediabetes despite undergoing interventions, and evaluation of the performance of urinary myo‐inositol as a risk factor for developing diabetes
Authors: Yamagata Fumio , Ogata Rei , Koda Yoko , Yamamoto Mayumi , Suga Atsuko , Kanauchi Noriko , Kohzuma Takuji , Kawazu Shoji 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAims/IntroductionThe aim of this study was to clarify the characteristics of individuals with prediabetes who developed type 2 diabetes despite undergoing interventions, and to evaluate the performance of urinary myo‐inositol (UMI) as a noninvasive indicator for the risk of developing diabetes.Materials and MethodsA total of 51 individuals with prediabetes who underwent a 75‐g oral glucose tolerance test, ΔUMI (the difference in the UMI : creatinine ratio between before and 120 min after 75‐g glucose loading), fasting plasma glucose, insulin, hemoglobin A1c, noninvasive testing (age, body mass index, blood pressure) and general blood tests were measured at baseline, and underwent dietary/exercise guidance for 8 years were studied.ResultsA total of 31 participants developed diabetes in 8 years. At baseline, the group that developed diabetes was characterized by high ΔUMI, hemoglobin A1c, fasting plasma glucose and low high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and insulinogenic index (I.I.). I.I and ΔUMI showed a higher correlation than fasting plasma glucose and hemoglobin A1c. Regarding diabetes onset within 8 years, Cox regression analysis of diabetes onset showed the baseline ΔUMI is an independent predictor, adjusted for the result of not only noninvasive markers, but also that of noninvasive and general blood markers. The log‐rank test showed that all glycemic indicators were significantly associated with diabetes onset.ConclusionParticipants who developed type 2 diabetes from prediabetes despite undergoing interventions were characterized by high glycemic control markers and low I.I. As noninvasive measurement of ΔUMI is associated with I.I. and diabetes onset, it could be a useful indicator for identifying individuals with a high risk of diabetes onset.
Ethnic endotypes in paediatric atopic dermatitis depend on immunotype, lipid composition and microbiota of the skin
Authors: Andersson A. M. , Ingham A. C. , Edslev S. M. , Sølberg J. , Skov L. , Koch A. , Ghauharali‐van der Vlugt K. , Stet F. S. , Brüggen C. M. , Jakasa I. , Kezic S. , Thyssen J. P. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundAtopic dermatitis (AD) endotypes differ with ethnicity. We examined the skin microbiota, cytokine and lipid profiles in Greenlandic Inuit and Danish children with AD.MethodsTwenty‐five Inuit children with AD and 25 Inuit control children were clinically examined and compared to previously collected data from 25 Danish children with AD. Skin tape strips and skin swabs were collected from lesional and non‐lesional skin. Levels of cutaneous immune biomarkers, free sphingoid bases and their (glycosyl)ceramides were analysed. Skin swabs were analysed with 16S rRNA and tuf gene for characterization of bacterial species communities.ResultsBacterial β‐diversity was significantly different between Inuit and Danish AD skin, in both lesional (p < 0.001) and non‐lesional (p < 0.001) AD skin, and there was a higher relative abundance of Staphylococcus aureus in Danish compared to Inuit lesional (53% vs. 8%, p < 0.01) and non‐lesional skin (55% vs. 5%, p < 0.001). Danish AD children had a higher α‐diversity than Inuit children in non‐lesional (p < 0.05) but not in lesional skin. Significantly higher levels of type 2 immunity cytokine interleukin (IL)‐4 (p < 0.05) and IL‐5 (p < 0.01) were identified in Inuit compared to Danish AD children. In contrast, IL‐33 (p < 0.01) was higher in Danish lesional and non‐lesional AD skin. Higher levels of long‐chain glucosylceramide (GlcCER)[S](d26:1) were found in lesional (p < 0.001) and non‐lesional (p < 0.001) Inuit skin compared with Danish AD skin. NMF levels were similar in Inuit and Danish AD skin.ConclusionSkin microbiota, cytokine and lipid composition differed significantly between Inuit and Danish children with AD and showed a stronger type 2 immune signature in Inuit children.
A step‐by‐step technique to create an ideal color match, form, and surface texture to all‐ceramic restorations
Authors: EL‐Etreby Amr , McLaren Edward A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectivesAlthough the presence of a chairside CAD/CAM system in the dental office saves time and cost, it deprives the dentist from the dental technologist' skills and experience. The dentist now has to gain and acquire knowledge and skills about how to finish, characterize, stain, and glaze ceramic restorations. The main objectives of this article is to teach novel and reproducible techniques for surface color, texture, glaze and polish for either the chairside or laboratory fabricated indirect ceramic restoration.Clinical ConsiderationsA protocol for intraoral characterization of monolithic ceramics; the “Triple R" protocol for tooth color mimicking was followed. It consist of three steps: (1) “Recognize” tooth color shapes, (2) “Record” the present color shapes in the patient dentition by drawing a color map for the color shapes extension and determine which luster paste stain to be used for replicating them, and (3) “Replicate” intraorally the recorded color shapes guided by the adjacent natural teeth using low fusing ceramic pastes (shades and stains) for color shape replication. Also, the final touch technique was followed to shape, texture and final surface finish of dental restorations. It is composed of 5 basic levels which we call dental “micro‐esthetics that define shape, texture, and surface luster.ConclusionsFollowing the steps of both; the “Triple R” protocol and the “FINAL TOUCH” technique will help to reproduce the final shade of the restoration to create the illusion of a natural tooth to the observer.Clinical SignificanceThis article shows how combining two practical methodologies to record and replicate both color shapes and surface texture of natural teeth may extend mimicking, that is, step by step natural tooth shade beyond the limitations of the available commercial shade guides.