bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modulation of the expression of p16INK4aand p14ARFby hnRNP A1 and A2 RNA binding proteins: Implications for cellular senescence
Authors: Zhu Deguang , Xu Gang , Ghandhi Shanaz , Hubbard Karen 
Published: September 2002

AbstractCellular senescence is a terminal growth phase characteristic of normal human diploid fibroblasts. Altered gene expression during cellular senescence is numerous compared to that of younger proliferative cells in culture. We have previously reported that the levels and activities of hnRNP A1 and A2 RNA binding proteins are decreased in senescent human fibroblasts. Both proteins are multifunctional and may influence the expression of mRNA isoforms during development. In this study, we tested whether overexpression of either protein could modulate the mRNA isoforms of the INK4a locus, specifically p14ARFand p16INK4a. Both INK4a mRNA isoforms have been shown to be growth suppressors and deletions of this locus allow cells to escape cellular senescence. We have found that increasing the ratio of either hnRNP A1 or A2 over that of splicing factor SF2/ASF results in the preferential generation of the p14ARFisoform. Overexpression of A1 or A2 RNA binding proteins also appear to increase the steady state mRNA levels of both isoforms, suggesting that in addition to alternative splicing, A1 and A2 may effect p14ARFand p16INK4amRNA stability. A constitutive decrease in the ratio of hnRNP A1 or A2 to SF2/ASF in senescent fibroblasts is typically accompanied by an increase in the level of p16INK4aisoform. Our studies suggest that hnRNP A1 and A2 may exert an important role during replicative senescence by altering expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins through mRNA metabolism. J. Cell. Physiol. 193: 19–25, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Proliferation of IL‐6‐independent multiple myeloma does not require the activity of extracellular signal‐regulated kinases (ERK1/2)
Authors: Zhang Bin , Fenton Robert G. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe evolutionarily conserved Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK pathway is thought to be essential for proliferation of eukaryotic cells. The human multiple myeloma (MM) cell line 8226 encodes an activated K‐ras allele and proliferates without requirement for the main MM growth and survival factor IL‐6. Surprisingly, the addition of the MEK1/2 inhibitors PD98059 or U0126 to 8226 cultures at doses that block virtually all ERK1/2 activity had minimal effects on the rapid proliferation of this cell line. In contrast, proliferation of the IL‐6‐dependent MM cell line, ANBL‐6 was blocked by PD98059. Levels of activated forms of the other classical MAP kinases (JNK and p38) were very low during MM cell proliferation and, therefore, do not substitute for the mitogenic activities normally regulated by ERK kinases. These data demonstrate that proliferation of 8226 cells does not require ERK1/2 activity, and suggest that IL‐6‐independent growth of MM may correlate with independence from a requirement for ERK activity. Other signal transduction pathways that appear to regulate cell cycle progression in these cells were examined. J. Cell. Physiol. 193: 42–54, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Overexpression of the 18 kDa and 22/24 kDa FGF‐2 isoforms results in differential drug resistance and amplification potential
Authors: Dini Germana , Funghini Silvia , Witort Ewa , Magnelli Lucia , Fanti Elena , Rifkin Daniel B. , Del Rosso Mario 
Published: September 2002

AbstractWe investigated the role of low molecular weight (LMW) and high molecular weight (HMW) isoforms of basic fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF‐2) in the expression of transformation‐related phenotypic alterations, drug sensitivity modulation, and gene amplification potential. For this purpose, we used NIH 3T3 and A31 cells transfected with different cDNA FGF‐2 constructs allowing expression of the different proteins. Both cell lines showed marked phenotypic alterations when expressing the LMW FGF‐2 or the four HMW FGF‐2 isoforms: they acquired a transformed morphology, grew at higher saturation densities in 10% serum, and exhibited anchorage‐independent growth and increased invasive potential. However, HMW FGF‐2‐expressing cells also grew in 1% serum and their invasive potential was lower than in cells expressing all FGF‐2 forms or LMW FGF‐2 alone. We have grown the different cell lines under a selective pressure of N‐(phosphonacetyl)‐l‐aspartate (PALA), a drug which specifically inhibits the aspartate transcarbamylase activity of the multifunctional carbamyl‐P‐synthetase/aspartate transcarbamylase/dihydro‐orotase genes (CAD) enzyme (and thus inhibits de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis) and selects for cells with amplified copies of the CAD gene. Our results demonstrate that aberrant expression of the LMW FGF‐2 and/or HMW FGF‐2 isoforms differently modulates drug resistance and gene amplification properties in the NIH 3T3 and A31 cell lines by differential amplification of the CAD gene. Coexpression of all isoforms appears to be necessary to obtain cumulative effects and nuclear‐targeted HMW FGF‐2 has a pivotal role in such a cooperation. J. Cell. Physiol. 193: 64–72, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Matrix protein glycation impairs agonist‐induced intracellular Ca2+ signaling in endothelial cells
Authors: Bishara Nour B. , Dunlop Marjorie E. , Murphy Timothy V. , Darby Ian. A. , Sharmini Rajanayagam M.A. , Hill Michael A. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractStudies have shown diabetes to be associated with alterations in composition of extracellular matrix and that such proteins modulate signal transduction. The present studies examined if non‐enzymatic glycation of fibronectin or a mixed matrix preparation (EHS) alters endothelial cell Ca2+ signaling following agonist stimulation. Endothelial cells were cultured from bovine aorta and rat heart. To glycate proteins, fibronectin (10 μg/ml), or EHS (2.5 mg/ml) were incubated (37°C, 30 days) with 0.5 M glucose‐6‐phosphate. Matrix proteins were coated onto cover slips after which cells (105 cells/ml) were plated and allowed to adhere for 16 h. For measurement of intracellular Ca2+, cells were loaded with fura 2 (2 μM) and fluorescence intensity monitored. Bovine cells on glycated EHS showed decreased ability for either ATP (10−6 M) or bradykinin (10−7 M) to increase Ca2+i. In contrast, glycated fibronectin did not impair agonist‐induced increases in Ca2+i. In the absence of extracellular Ca2+, ATP elicited a transient increase in Ca2+i consistent with intracellular release. Re‐addition of Ca2+ resulted in a secondary rise in Ca2+i indicative of store depletion‐mediated Ca2+ entry. Both phases of Ca2+ mobilization were reduced in cells on glycated mixed matrix; however, as the ratio of the two components was similar in all cells, glycation appeared to selectively impair Ca2+ release from intracellular stores. Thapsigargin treatment demonstrated an impaired ability of cells on glycated EHS to increase cytoplasmic Ca2+ consistent with decreased endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ stores. Further support for Ca2+ mobilization was provided by increased baseline IP3 levels in cells plated on glycated EHS. Impaired ATP‐induced Ca2+ release could be induced by treating native EHS with laminin antibody or exposing cells to H2O2 (20–200 μM). Glycated EHS impaired Ca2+ signaling was attenuated by treatment with aminoguanidine or the antioxidant α‐lipoic acid. The results demonstrate that matrix glycation impairs agonist‐induced Ca2+i increases which may impact on regulatory functions of the endothelium and implicate possible involvement of oxidative stress. J. Cell. Physiol. 193: 80–92, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Flavanones structure‐related inhibition on TPA‐induced tumor promotion through suppression of extracellular signal‐regulated protein kinases: Involvement of prostaglandin E2 in anti‐promotive process
Authors: Ko Ching‐Huai , Shen Shing‐Chuan , Lin Hui‐Yi , Hou Wen‐Chi , Lee Woan‐Ruoh , Yang Ling‐Ling , Chen Yen‐Chou 
Published: September 2002

AbstractBiological functions of flavanones have been studied extensively, however, the structure‐related activities of flavanones on 12‐o‐tetradecanoylphorbol 13‐acetate (TPA)‐induced promotive effects are still unclear. In this study, flavanone, 2′‐OH flavanone, 4′‐OH flavanone, 6‐OH flavanone showed the most significant dose‐dependent inhibition on TPA‐induced proliferative effects among eight tested flavanones in NIH3T3 cells. TPA‐induced mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK) phosphorylation, ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), c‐Jun, and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX‐2) protein expressions in a time‐dependent manner, and the maximal inductive time point is at 1 h for MAPK phosphorylation and 6 h for others. Flavanone, 2′‐OH flavanone, 4′‐OH flavanone, 6‐OH flavanone showed the dose‐dependent inhibition on TPA‐stimulated MAPK phosphorylation, COX‐2, ODC, c‐Jun protein expressions. Induction of, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production was detected in TPA‐treated NIH3T3 cells, and flavanone, 2′‐OH flavanone, 4′‐OH flavanone, 6‐OH flavanone inhibited significantly PGE2 production induced by TPA. Addition of PGE2 reverses the inhibitory activities of flavanone, 2′‐OH flavanone, 4′‐OH flavanone, 6‐OH flavanone on TPA‐induced proliferation. And, PD98059, a specific inhibitor of ERKs, inhibited TPA‐induced MAPK phosphorylation, accompanied by decreasing COX‐2, c‐Jun, and ODC protein expression, and showed dose‐dependent inhibition on TPA‐induced proliferation in cells. These results demonstrated that PGE2 is an important mediator in TPA‐induced proliferation, and MAPK phosphorylation was located at the upstream of COX‐2, c‐Jun, and ODC gene expressions in TPA‐induced responses. Furthermore, flavanone, 2′‐OH flavanone, 4′‐OH flavanone, 6‐OH flavanone (100 μM) suppressed TPA‐induced colony formation associated with blocking MAPK phosphorylation, ODC, c‐Jun, and COX‐2 proteins expression. And, 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay showed that flavanone, 2′‐OH flavanone, 4′‐OH flavanone, 6‐OH flavanone did not perform potent anti‐radical activities among these eight tested compounds. In conclusion, this study provided molecular evidences to demonstrate that flavanone, 2′‐OH flavanone, 4′‐OH flavanone, 6‐OH flavanone were potent inhibitors on TPA‐induced responses without notable cytotoxicity through suppression of PGE2 production; and anti‐radical activity of flavanones was not correlated with preventing the occurrence of tumor promotion. We proposed that blocking TPA‐induced intracellular signaling responses might be involved in the anti‐promotive mechanism of flavanones. J. Cell. Physiol. 193: 93–102, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Atrial natriuretic factor inhibits mitogen‐induced growth in aortic smooth muscle cells
Authors: Baldini P.M. , De Vito P. , Fraziano M. , Mattioli P. , Luly P. , Di Nardo P. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractAtrial natriuretic factor (ANF) is a polypeptide able to affect cardiovascular homeostasis exhibiting diuretic, natriuretic, and vasorelaxant activities. ANF shows antimitogenic effects in different cell types acting through R2 receptor. Excessive proliferation of smooth muscle cells is a common phenomenon in diseases such as atherosclerosis, but the role of growth factors in the mechanism which modulate this process has yet to be clarified. The potential antimitogenic role of ANF on the cell growth induced by growth factors appears very intriguing. Aim of the present study was to investigate the possible involvement of ANF on rat aortic smooth muscle (RASM) cells proliferation induced by known mitogens and the mechanism involved. Our data show that ANF, at physiological concentration range, inhibits RASM cell proliferation induced by known mitogens such as PDGF and insulin, and the effect seems to be elicited through the modulation of phosphatidic acid (PA) production and MAP kinases involvement. J. Cell. Physiol. 193: 103–109, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Regulatory volume decrease is actively modulated during the cell cycle
Authors: Wang Liwei , Chen Lixin , Zhu Linyan , Rawle Michelle , Nie Sihuai , Zhang Jin , Ping Zhong , Kangrong Cai , Jacob Tim J.C. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractNasopharyngeal carcinoma cells, CNE‐2Z, when swollen by 47% hypotonic solution, exhibited a regulatory volume decrease (RVD). The RVD was inhibited by extracellular applications of the chloride channel blockers tamoxifen (30 μM; 61% inhibition), 5‐nitro‐2‐(3‐phenylpropylamino)benzoic acid (NPPB, 100 μM; 60% inhibition), and ATP (10 mM; 91% inhibition). The level and time constant of RVD varied greatly between cells. Most cells conducted an incomplete RVD, but a few had the ability to recover their volume completely. There was no obvious correlation between cell volume and RVD capacity. Flow cytometric analysis showed that highly synchronous cells were obtained by the mitotic shake‐off technique and that the cells progressed through the cell cycle synchronously when incubated in culture medium. Combined application of DNA synthesis inhibitors, thymidine and hydroxyurea arrested cells at the G1/S boundary and 87% of the cells reached S phase 4 h after being released. RVD capacity changed significantly during the cell cycle progression in cells synchronized by shake‐off technique. RVD capacity being at its highest in G1 phase and lowest in S phase. The RVD capacity in G1 (shake‐off cells sampled after 4 h of incubation), S (obtained by chemical arrest), and M cells (selected under microscope) was 73, 33, and 58%, respectively, and the time constants were 435, 769, and 2,000 sec, respectively. We conclude that RVD capacity is actively modulated in the cell cycle and RVD may play an important role in cell cycle progress. J. Cell. Physiol. 193: 110–119, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Biological treatment of wastewater from a polymer coating process
Authors: Doan Huu D , Wu Jiangning 
Published: September 2002

AbstractWastewater containing propylene glycol methyl ether from a powder and E‐coating plant was treated biologically. The wastewater was circulated through a packed column at rates of 0.014, 0.028, and 0.042 m3 m−2 s−1 (14, 28, and 42 kg m−2 s−1) with an airflow in a countercurrent direction. Various air flowrates from 0.034 to 0.10 m3 m−2 s−1 (0.041–0.12 kg m−2 s−1) were used. The removal of the biological oxygen demand (BOD) of the wastewater did not change significantly with the air flowrate. After 4 days of treatment in the packed column the BOD was reduced by about 70% while a BOD reduction of 10% was observed with the wastewater in a stagnant tank. BOD removal with aeration in the packed column was about 40% higher than that without aeration. At the air flowrate of 0.068 m3 m−2 s−1 and the liquid flowrate of 0.028 m3 m−2 s−1, BOD removal for the wastewater seeded with Polyseed® increased by about 25% compared with that of the unseeded wastewater. In order to minimize the power consumption, cyclic pumping of the liquid to the packed column with aeration was also tested. For the liquid‐pumping cycle of 2‐h on and 4‐h off, BOD removal was about the same as that with a continuously pumping operation.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Bias‐free results in the spectrophotometric determination of chemical oxygen demand in bleached textile mill effluents
Authors: Torrades Francesc , Cecília Elvira 
Published: September 2002

AbstractA calibration methodology that enables validation of the analytical procedure used in those cases where no placebo or standard reference material is available is applied here. The total Youden blank is used to eliminate the constant error component, and analytical measurements in the presence of the matrix at two different levels of the test portion, in order to avoid its interactive interference, are made. Moreover, the results obtained in the determination of chemical oxygen demand following a closed reflux spectrophotometric method are compared with those obtained when a definitive analytical method is applied, in order to show the absence of direct interference from the matrix.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Intermediate accumulation and efficiency of anaerobic digestion treatment of surfactant (alcohol sulfate)‐rich wastewater at increasing surfactant/biomass ratios
Authors: Feitkenhauer Heiko , Meyer Ulrich 
Published: September 2002

AbstractTextile (eg cotton) finishing industry wastewater is characterised by high concentrations of surfactants (up to 2 g dm−3) and of readily biodegradable biopolymers (COD 5–15 g dm−3). The anionic surfactant decyl sulfate (DS) was chosen as model surfactant and soluble starch (size) as model compound for the readily biodegradable fraction of the wastewater. Twenty‐two batch experiments with increasing DS/biomass ratio (and starch/biomass ratio) were started simultaneously. Biomass concentrations ranged from 50 to 15 000 mg dm−3. Minor inhibition effects were found for the surfactant degradation itself at all DS/biomass ratios (maximum biodegradation rate 7.7 mgDS gbiomass−1 h−1). The starch hydrolysis started without a lag‐phase at DS/biomass ratios of up to 0.15 gDS gbiomass−1. The lag‐phase was prolonged to about 100 h at a very high DS/biomass ratio (3 gDS gbiomass−1). The relative importance of the accumulated intermediates was dependent on the DS/biomass ratio. Above 0.3 gDS gbiomass−1 10% of the substrate organic carbon accumulated as ethanol, but no ethanol accumulation was observed at low DS/biomass ratios. Moderate DS/biomass ratios caused a considerable delay of the methanogenesis; high DS/biomass ratios prevented the methanogenesis almost completely.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Aqueous two‐phase systems for the recovery of a recombinant viral coat protein from Escherichia coli
Authors: Rito‐Palomares Marco , Middelberg Anton P J 
Published: September 2002

AbstractIn this study the use of an aqueous two‐phase system (ATPS) following the direct chemical extraction of a recombinant viral coat protein, from the cytoplasm of Escherichia coli, is evaluated. The driving force is the need to establish an economically‐viable process for the manufacture of a vaccine against human papilloma infection. The partition behaviour of recombinant L1 protein, the major structural protein of the virus, and DNA was investigated in a polyethylene glycol (PEG)–phosphate system. An evaluation of system parameters including PEG molecular mass and the concentrations of PEG and phosphate was conducted, to estimate conditions under which the L1 protein and DNA partition to opposite phases. ATPS extraction comprising a volume ratio of 1.00, PEG 1000 (18.0%(w/w)) and phosphate (15.0%(w/w)) provided the conditions for accumulation of DNA into the bottom phase and concentration of L1 protein into the opposite phase (ie partition coefficient of DNA; ln KDNA < 0.0 and partition coefficient of L1; ln KL1 > 2.5). The findings reported here demonstrate the potential of ATPS to recover recombinant protein released from E coli by direct chemical extraction.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Filtration of biomass with laboratory‐scale submerged hollow fibre modules – effect of operating conditions and module configuration
Authors: Chang Sheng , Fane Anthony G 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe filtration behaviour of submerged hollow fibres, the effect of gas flow rate, feed concentration, module configuration and fibre diameter have been assessed by filtration of yeast suspensions. The fouling behaviour of the submerged hollow fibre was affected by the average imposed flux, flux distribution, and local critical flux. The results suggest that stable performance is obtained when the averaged imposed flux (Jmi) is lower than the critical flux (Jcr) although an initial deposition may occur due to the high local initial flux. In addition, the module configuration had a critical influence on filtration performance. Comparison between tight and loose modules indicated that the loose module [1.0 > (fixed ends distance/fibre length) > 0.95] was significantly better than the tight bundle at high feed concentration or low gas flow rates due to reduced inter‐fibre clogging. The study also showed that the smaller fibre was better than the larger fibre for filtration with bubbling with the submerged hollow fibre system.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Biodegradability of linear alkylbenzene sulfonates subjected to wet air oxidation
Authors: Patterson Darrell A , Metcalfe Ian S , Xiong Feng , Livingston Andrew G 
Published: September 2002

AbstractShake flask experiments were conducted to determine the biodegradability of aqueous linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) and LAS (1600 mg dm−3) subjected to wet air oxidation (WAO), to assess the suitability of WAO as a pre‐treatment for biological degradation. The effects of WAO temperature (180–240 °C) and the concentration of the orthophosphoric acid catalyst (0–1.0 mol dm−3) were investigated. Results showed that a higher WAO temperature increased the biodegradability of the WAO effluent. This was due to a greater removal of both recalcitrant sulfonated organics and organic concentration (TOC and COD). Conversely, greater orthophosphoric acid concentrations decreased the biodegradability of the WAO effluents. This was because the higher acid concentration increased the ionic strength and changed the WAO intermediate and product distribution, inhibiting microbial action. Nevertheless, the effluents from both variations of WAO were still more biodegradable than LAS at equivalent concentrations. However, since higher WAO temperatures can substantially increase capital costs, future work should focus on developing a WAO catalyst that both desulfonates and mildly oxidises LAS at moderate temperatures (200 °C).© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Equilibria and kinetics for reactive extraction of lactic acid using Alamine 336 in decanol
Authors: Wasewar Kailas L , Heesink A Bert M , Versteeg Geert F , Pangarkar Vishwas G 
Published: September 2002

AbstractLactic acid is an important commercial product and extracting this from aqueous solution is a growing requirement in fermentation‐based industries. The design of an amine extraction process requires (i) equilibrium and (ii) kinetic data for the acid–amine (solvent) system used. The equilibrium complexation constants for ratios of (1:1) and (2:1) have been estimated. The kinetics of extraction of lactic acid by Alamine 336 in decanol has also been determined. The reaction between lactic acid and Alamine 336 in decanol in a stirred cell falls in Regime 3, ie extraction accompanied by a fast chemical reaction occurring in the diffusion film. The reaction has been found to be zero order in Alamine 336 and first order in lactic acid with a rate constant of 0.21 s−1. These data will be useful in the design of extraction processes.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Gray‐scale and color Doppler sonographic findings in a case of subacute granulomatous thyroiditis mimicking thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Zacharia Titty Thomas , Perumpallichira James Joseph , Sindhwani Vivek , Chavhan Govind 
Published: September 2002

AbstractSubacute granulomatous thyroiditis is a common disease of unknown cause and is usually self‐limiting, with complete resolution of symptoms occurring spontaneously or after steroidal treatment. We report a case of subacute granulomatous thyroiditis in a 62‐year‐old woman whose clinical presentation was consistent with thyroid carcinoma. Gray‐scale and color Doppler sonography revealed marked enlargement of the left lobe of the thyroid and markedly hypoechoic, ill‐defined focal areas in both lobes. No flow was noted on color Doppler sonographic examination. Fine‐needle aspiration of the thyroid was performed, and histopathologic examination of the specimen confirmed the diagnosis of subacute granulomatous thyroiditis. The patient received prednisolone therapy (20 mg/day) for 2 weeks and recovered well. This case report is the first to describe the gray‐scale and color Doppler sonographic appearances of subacute granulomatous thyroiditis. This disease should be included in the differential diagnosis of patients with clinical signs and symptoms of thyroid carcinoma. Histopathologic examination is necessary to confirm the diagnosis. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 30:442–444, 2002