bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Turbulent stress within dead zones and magnetic field dragging induced by Rossby vortices
Authors: Chametla Raúl O , Chrenko Ondrej , Reyes-Ruiz Mauricio , Sánchez-Salcedo F J 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
By means of three-dimensional resistive-magnetohydrodynamical models, we study the evolution of the so-called dead zones focused on the magnitude of the Reynolds and Maxwell stresses. We consider two different types of static resistivity radial profiles that give rise to an intermediate dead zone or an intermediate active zone. As we are interested in analysing the strength of angular momentum transport in these intermediate regions of the disc, we use as free parameters the radial extent of the intermediate dead (Δridz) or active (Δriact) zones, and the widths of the inner ($H_{b_1}$) and outer ($H_{b_2}$) transitions. We find that regardless of the width or radial extent of the intermediate zones, Rossby wave instability (RWI) develops at these transition boundaries, leading to the emergence of vortices and spiral waves. In the case of an intermediate dead zone when $H_{b_1}\, ,H_{b_2}\le 0.8$, the vortices are almost completely confined to the dead zone. Remarkably, we find that the formation of vortices at the inner transition can drag magnetic field lines into the dead zone stirring up the region that the vortex covers (reaching an α ≈ 10−2 value similar to that of an active zone). Vortices formed in the outer transition only modify the Reynolds stress tensor. Our results can be important to understanding angular momentum transport in poorly ionized regions within the disc due to magnetized vortices within dead zones.
The signature of galaxy formation models in the power spectrum of the hydrogen 21 cm line during reionization
Authors: Lewis Joseph S W , Pillepich Annalisa , Nelson Dylan , Klessen Ralf S , Glover Simon C O 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
Observations of the 21 cm line of hydrogen are poised to revolutionize our knowledge of reionization and the first galaxies. However, harnessing such information requires robust and comprehensive theoretical modelling. We study the non-linear effects of hydrodynamics and astrophysical feedback processes, including stellar and AGN feedback, on the 21 cm signal by post-processing three existing cosmological hydrodynamical simulations of galaxy formation: Illustris, IllustrisTNG, and Eagle. Despite their different underlying galaxy-formation models, the simulations return similar predictions for the global 21 cm brightness temperature and its power spectrum. At fixed redshift, most differences are attributable to alternative reionization histories, in turn driven by differences in the buildup of stellar sources of radiation. However, several astrophysical processes imprint signatures in the 21 cm power spectrum at two key scales. First, we find significant small-scale ($k \ge 10\, \rm {Mpc}^{-1}$) differences between Illustris and IllustrisTNG, where higher velocity winds generated by supernova feedback soften density peaks, leading to lower 21 cm power in TNG. Thus, constraints at these scales could rule out extreme feedback models. Secondly, we find more 21 cm power at intermediate scales ($k \approx 0.8\, \rm {Mpc}^{-1}$) in Eagle due to ionization differences driven by highly effective stellar feedback, resulting in lower star formation, older and redder stellar populations, and lower ionizing luminosities for $M_h \gt 10^9 \, \rm M_\odot$. Different source models can manifest similarly in the 21 cm power spectrum, leading to often ignored degeneracies. These subtle features could allow future observations of the 21 cm signal, in conjunction with other observables, to constrain theoretical models for galactic feedback at high redshift.
A large population of strongly lensed faint submillimetre galaxies in future dark energy surveys inferred from JWST imaging
Authors: Pearson James , Serjeant Stephen , Wang Wei-Hao , Gao Zhen-Kai , Babul Arif , Chapman Scott , Chen Chian-Chou , Clements David L , Conselice Christopher J , Dunlop James , Fan Lulu , Ho Luis C , Hwang Ho Seong , Koprowski Maciej , Michałowski MichałJ , Shim Hyunjin 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
Bright galaxies at submillimetre wavelengths from Herschel are now well known to be predominantly strongly gravitationally lensed. The same models that successfully predicted this strongly lensed population also predict about 1 per cent of faint 450 μm-selected galaxies from deep James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) surveys will also be strongly lensed. Follow-up ALMA campaigns have so far found one potential lens candidate, but without clear compelling evidence, for example, from lensing arcs. Here, we report the discovery of a compelling gravitational lens system confirming the lensing population predictions, with a zs = 3.4 ± 0.4 submm source lensed by a zspec = 0.360 foreground galaxy within the COSMOS field, identified through public JWST imaging of a 450 μm source in the SCUBA-2 Ultra Deep Imaging EAO Survey (STUDIES) catalogue. These systems will typically be well within the detectable range of future wide-field surveys such as Euclid and Roman, and since submillimetre galaxies are predominantly very red at optical/near-infrared wavelengths, they will tend to appear in near-infrared channels only. Extrapolating to the Euclid-Wide survey, we predict tens of thousands of strongly lensed near-infrared galaxies. This will be transformative for the study of dusty star-forming galaxies at cosmic noon, but will be a contaminant population in searches for strongly lensed ultra-high-redshift galaxies in Euclid and Roman.
SDSS-IV MaNGA: how do star formation histories affect gas-phase abundances?
Authors: Boardman N , Wild V , Rowlands K , Vale Asari N , Luo Y 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
Gas-phase abundances in galaxies are the products of those galaxies’ evolutionary histories. The star formation history (SFH) of a region might therefore be expected to influence that region’s present day gaseous abundances. Here, we employ data from the MaNGA survey to explore how local gas metallicities relate to SFHs of galaxy regions. We combine MaNGA emission line measurements with SFH classifications from absorption line spectra to compare gas-phase abundances in star-forming regions with those in regions classified as starburst, post-starburst, and green valley. We find that starburst regions contain gas that is more pristine than in normal star-forming regions, in terms of O/H and N/O; we further find that post-starburst regions (which have experienced stochastic SFHs) behave very similarly to ordinary star-forming regions (which have experienced far smoother SFHs) in O/H–N/O space. We argue from this that gas is diluted significantly by pristine infall but is then re-enriched rapidly after a starburst event, making gas-phase abundances insensitive to the precise form of the SFH at late times. We also find that green valley regions possess slightly elevated N/O abundances at a given O/H; this is potentially due to a reduced star formation efficiency in such regions, but it could also point to late-time rejuvenation of green valley regions in our sample.
Spectral and temporal features of GX 13+1 as revealed by AstroSat
Authors: Giridharan L , Thomas Neal Titus , Gudennavar S B , Bubbly S G 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
GX 13+1, a neutron star low-mass X-ray binary that exhibits the properties of both atoll and Z sources, is studied using data from Soft X-ray Telescope and Large Area X-ray Proportional Counter (LAXPC) onboard AstroSat. The source traces a ν shaped track in its hardness-intensity diagram (HID). Spectral modelling of the data in the 0.7–30.0 keV energy range, with the model – $\tt {constant}$ × $\tt {tbabs}$ × $\tt {thcomp}$ × $\tt {bbodyrad}$ + $\tt {relxillNS}$, yields orbital inclination angle (θ) of 77$\substack{+10\\-8}$°. Flux resolved spectral analysis reveals the ν shaped pattern in the plots of spectral parameters kTe, kTbb, and Γ versus Fbol, closely resembling the pattern traced in LAXPC HID. This indicates changes in the spectral properties of the corona and the boundary layer/accretion disc. Assuming that the accretion disc truncates at the Alfvén radius, the upper limit of the magnetic field strength (B) at the poles of neutron star in GX 13+1 is calculated to be 5.10 × 108 G (for kA = 1 and η = 0.1), which is close to that of atoll sources. Furthermore, thickness of the boundary layer is estimated to be 5.70 km, which results in the neutron star radius value of ≲14.50 km. Quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) at 56 ± 4 and 54 ± 4 Hz are detected in Regions D and E of HID, respectively. The frequencies of these QPOs are similar to the characteristic frequency of horizontal branch oscillation and these do not exhibit a positive correlation with mass accretion rate.
Breastfeeding and human milk in the NICU: From birth to discharge
Authors: Tomlinson Christopher , Haiek Laura N 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
It is well recognized that human milk is the optimal nutritive source for all infants, including those requiring intensive care. This statement reviews evidence supporting the importance of breastfeeding and human milk for infants, and why breastfeeding practices should be prioritized in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). It also reviews how to optimally feed infants based on their stability and maturity, and how to support mothers to establish and maintain milk production when their infants are unable to feed at the breast.
Discovery of Three Bemisia tabaci Effectors and Their Effect on Gene Expression in Planta
Authors: van Kleeff Paula J. M. , Mastop Marieke , Sun Pulu , Dangol Sarmina , van Doore Eva , Dekker Henk L. , Kramer Gertjan , Lee Soohyun , Ryu Choong-Min , de Vos Martin , Schuurink Robert C. 
Published: December 2023

Bemisia tabaci (whitefly) is a polyphagous agroeconomic pest species complex. Two members of this species complex, Mediterranean (MED) and Middle-East-Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1), have a worldwide distribution and have been shown to manipulate plant defenses through effectors. In this study, we used three different strategies to identify three MEAM1 proteins that can act as effectors. Effector B1 was identified using a bioinformatics-driven effector-mining strategy, whereas effectors S1 and P1 were identified in the saliva of whiteflies collected from artificial diet and in phloem exudate of tomato on which nymphs were feeding, respectively. These three effectors were B. tabaci specific and able to increase whitefly fecundity when transiently expressed in tobacco plants ( Nicotiana tabacum). Moreover, they reduced growth of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci in Nicotiana benthamiana. All three effectors changed gene expression in planta, and B1 and S1 also changed phytohormone levels. Gene ontology and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis pinpointed plant–pathogen interaction and photosynthesis as the main enriched pathways for all three effectors. Our data thus show the discovery and validation of three new B. tabaci MEAM1 effectors that increase whitefly fecundity and modulate plant immunity. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Genotypic and Resistance Profile Analysis of Two Oat Crown Rust Differential Sets Urge Coordination and Standardization
Authors: Nguyen Duong T. , Henningsen Eva C. , Lewis David , Mago Rohit , McNeil Meredith , Suchecki Radoslaw , Boden Scott , Sperschneider Jana , Kianian Shahryar F. , Dodds Peter N. , Figueroa Melania 
Published: December 2023

Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae is the causal agent of the disease known as crown rust, which represents a bottleneck in oat production worldwide. Characterization of pathogen populations often involves race (pathotype) assignments using differential sets, which are not uniform across countries. This study compared the virulence profiles of 25 P. coronata f. sp. avenae isolates from Australia using two host differential sets, one from Australia and one from the United States. These differential sets were also genotyped using diversity arrays technology sequencing technology. Phenotypic and genotypic discrepancies were detected on 8 out of 29 common lines between the two sets, indicating that pathogen race assignments based on those lines are not comparable. To further investigate molecular markers that could assist in the stacking of rust resistance genes important for Australia, four published Pc91-linked markers were validated across the differential sets and then screened across a collection of 150 oat cultivars. Drover, Aladdin, and Volta were identified as putative carriers of the Pc91 locus. This is the first report to confirm that the cultivar Volta carries Pc91 and demonstrates the value of implementing molecular markers to characterize materials in breeding pools of oat. Overall, our findings highlight the necessity of examining seed stocks using pedigree and molecular markers to ensure seed uniformity and bring robustness to surveillance methodologies. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Stress Pathways Induced by Volatile Anesthetics and Failure of Preconditioning in a Mitochondrial Complex I Mutant
Authors: Olufs Zachariah P. G. , Wassarman David A. , Perouansky Misha 
Published: December 2023

Background
Carriers of mutations in the mitochondrial electron transport chain are at increased risk of anesthetic-induced neurotoxicity. To investigate the neurotoxicity mechanism and to test preconditioning as a protective strategy, this study used a Drosophila melanogaster model of Leigh syndrome. Model flies carried a mutation in ND23 (ND23

60114
) that encodes a mitochondrial electron transport chain complex I subunit. This study investigated why ND23

60114
mutants become susceptible to lethal, oxygen-modulated neurotoxicity within 24 h of exposure to isoflurane but not sevoflurane.

Methods
This study used transcriptomics and quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction to identify genes that are differentially expressed in ND23

60114
but not wild-type fly heads at 30 min after exposure to high- versus low-toxicity conditions. This study also subjected ND23

60114
flies to diverse stressors before isoflurane exposure to test whether isoflurane toxicity could be diminished by preconditioning.

Results
The ND23

60114
mutation had a greater effect on isoflurane- than sevoflurane-mediated changes in gene expression. Isoflurane and sevoflurane did not affect expression of heat shock protein (Hsp) genes (Hsp22, Hsp27, and Hsp68) in wild-type flies, but isoflurane substantially increased expression of these genes in ND23

60114
mutant flies. Furthermore, isoflurane and sevoflurane induced expression of oxidative (GstD1 and GstD2) and xenobiotic (Cyp6a8 and Cyp6a14) stress genes to a similar extent in wild-type flies, but the effect of isoflurane was largely reduced in ND23

60114
flies. In addition, activating stress response pathways by pre-exposure to anesthetics, heat shock, hyperoxia, hypoxia, or oxidative stress did not suppress isoflurane-induced toxicity in ND23

60114
mutant flies.

Conclusions
Mutation of a mitochondrial electron transport chain complex I subunit generates differential effects of isoflurane and sevoflurane on gene expression that may underlie their differential effects on neurotoxicity. Additionally, the mutation produces resistance to preconditioning by stresses that protect the brain in other contexts. Therefore, complex I activity modifies molecular and physiologic effects of anesthetics in an anesthetic-specific manner.

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What We Already Know about This Topic

What This Article Tells Us That Is New
Skin Tear Management: A Multidisciplinary Education Project
Authors: Ott Carol L. B. , Brinton Christopher D. , Yogaparan Thirumagal , Dayal Taranvir , Vecchio Adrian , Berall Anna 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
To identify the number of skin tears present at the authors’ facility and evaluate a multidisciplinary educational intervention to support treatment of skin tears.

METHODS
The authors determined the prevalence of skin tears from an analysis of a wound audit dataset at Baycrest Health Sciences and compared it with the literature to inform the aims of the educational intervention. They developed an educational module and presented it to physicians and students at separate in-person sessions and to clinical care staff at a virtual session. Participants completed an evaluation survey after the education sessions to assess their knowledge and confidence with skin tear management and obtain their feedback about the session.

RESULTS
The prevalence of skin tears at Baycrest hospital was 5.6%, which was low compared with the values reported in the literature. For the 10 studies reviewed, the median prevalence was 8.8% (range, 3.0%-22.1%). A total of 7 physicians, 12 students, and 7 clinical care staff completed the evaluation survey. All of the physicians (100%), 43% of students, and 57% of clinical care staff could classify an image of a skin tear; 86% of physicians, 33% of students, and 43% of clinical care staff identified the correct skin tear complications; and 71% of physicians, 0% of the students, and 29% of clinical care staff selected the appropriate dressing. Participants reported moderate to considerable increases in knowledge and confidence in skin tear management.

CONCLUSIONS
This method of multidisciplinary teaching on skin tears was well received and useful in enhancing knowledge and confidence in identifying and treating skin tears.
Outcomes of Chronically Anticoagulated Patients Undergoing Split-Thickness Skin Grafting for Diabetic Foot Ulcers
Authors: McCown Sheldon A. , Walters Elliot T. , Palackic Alen , Franco-Mesa Camila , Bagby Shelby P. , Bonnet Madeline S. , Wolf Steven E. 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
Split-thickness skin grafting (STSG) is commonly used for wound closure in diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). In many cases, patients with diabetes present on long-term anticoagulation therapy. The complications associated with anticoagulants can be discouraging to surgeons considering STSG. The goal of this study was to evaluate STSG outcomes in the setting of chronic anticoagulation across a large, multicenter database.

METHODS
The authors queried the TriNetX Network, which provides access to electronic medical records for more than 75 million patients, to search for patients with a history of DFUs treated with STSG. They divided those found into two groups: long-term anticoagulant use prior to grafting and no long-term anticoagulant use. After matching, the researchers evaluated outcomes following STSG after 1 month and 5 years.

RESULTS
The authors identified 722 patients on chronic anticoagulation with DFUs who were treated with STSG; 446 of these patients were matched to 446 patients with no prior anticoagulation. One month following STSG, the anticoagulated group showed no significant increase in death, graft failure, or regrafting. At 5 years, there was no significant increase in mortality, graft failure, regrafting, or lower extremity amputation rates.

CONCLUSIONS
Chronic anticoagulation therapy does not lead to increased short- or long-term postoperative complications such as graft failure, regrafting, or increased amputation rates following STSG for wound closure. Negative outcomes following STSG for DFUs in chronically anticoagulated individuals are minimal, and grafting should be performed without hesitation.
Is Post-Operative Splinting Advantageous after Upper Extremity Fracture Surgery? Results from the Arm Splint Pain Improvement Research Experiment (ASPIRE)
Authors: Sgaglione Matthew , Solasz Sara J. , Leucht Philipp , Egol Kenneth A. 
Published: December 2023

OBJECTIVES:To determine if short-term immobilization with a rigid long arm plaster elbow splint following surgery of the arm, elbow, or forearm results in superior outcomes compared to a soft dressing with early motion.METHODS:Design:Prospective Randomized Control TrialSetting:Academic Medical CenterPatient Selection Criteria:Patients undergoing operative treatment for a mid-diaphysis or distal humerus, elbow, or forearm fracture were consented and randomized according to the study protocol for post-operative application of a rigid elbow splint (10-14 days in a plaster Sugar Tong Splint for forearm fracture or a Long Arm plaster Splint for 10-14 for all others) or soft dressing and allowing immediate free range of elbow and wrist motion (ROM).Outcome Measures and Comparisons:Self-reported pain (visual analog score or VAS), Health-Scale (0-100, 100 denoting excellent health) and physical function (EuroQol 5 Dimension or EQ-5D) surveyed on post-operative days 1-5 and 14 were compared between groups. Patient reported pain score (0-10, 10 denoting highest satisfaction) at week 6, time to fracture union, ultimate DASH score and elbow range of motion (ROM) were also collected for analysis. Incidence of complications were assessed.RESULTS:100 patients (38 males to 62 females with a mean age of 55.7 years old) were included. Over the first five days and again at post-op day 14, the splint cohort reported a higher “Health-Scale” from 0-100 than the non-splint group on all study days (p=0.041). There was no difference in reported pain between the two study groups over the same interval (p=0.161 and 0.338 for least and worst pain, respectively) and both groups reported similar rates of treatment satisfaction (p=0.30). Physical function (p=0.67) and rates of wound problems (p= 0.27) were similar. Additionally, the mean time to fracture healing was similar for the splint and control groups (4.6 ± 2.8 vs 4.0 ± 2.2 months, p=0.34). Ultimate elbow range of motion was similar between the study groups (p=0.48, p=0.49, p=0.61, p=0.51 for elbow extension, flexion, pronation, and supination respectively.CONCLUSIONS:Free range of elbow motion without splinting produced similar results compared to elbow immobilization following surgical intervention for a fracture to the humerus, elbow, and forearm. There was no difference in patient-reported pain outcomes, wound problems, or elbow ROM. Immobilized patients reported slightly higher “health scale” ratings than non-splinted patients, however similar rates of satisfaction. Both treatment strategies are acceptable following upper extremity fracture surgery.
A Screw Fixation Technique for Calcaneus Fractures: Simplifying Three-dimensional Thinking and Minimal Invasive Surgery
Authors: Uygur Esat 
Published: December 2023

Calcaneus fractures are usually seen in the same pattern of injury, which is characterized by 4 fracture fragments and causes 4 deformities. This article aims to provide a comprehensive guide for the minimal invasive screw fixation method using minimal invasive sinus tarsi incision for calcaneus fractures.
The importance of three-dimensional thinking in understanding fracture patterns is emphasized, with suggestions for utilizing computerized tomography scans. The step-by-step surgical procedure is outlined, including reduction maneuvers, fluoroscopic control, and 4 essential x-ray views for accurate assessment. Therefore, it is aimed to identify the proper screw placements for the typical calcaneus fracture fragments.
The article concludes by summarizing the presented surgical steps, emphasizing the simplicity and reproducibility of the techniques, and emphasizing the crucial role of three-dimensional thinking in managing calcaneus fractures.
Level of Evidence: Level 4, expert opinion.