bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Calibration and performance of the upgraded ALICE Inner Tracking System
Authors: Triolo Andrea Sofia ,   the ALICE collaboration
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The ALICE Experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) underwent a major upgrade during the Long Shutdown 2. Several subsystems have been improved, including the ALICE Inner Tracking System (ITS), which has been entirely replaced. The new pixel-only tracker (ITS2) consists of 7 layers of Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors (MAPS) featuring a pixel size of 27×29 μm², with an intrinsic spatial resolution of 5 μm. With 24120 sensors and 12.5 billion pixels, this detector covers an active area of about 10 m2 and represents the largest application of the MAPS technology in a high-energy physics experiment to date. The most significant improvements introduced by the ITS2 to the ALICE experiment include a reduction in the impact parameter resolution to approximately 30 μm in both the rφ and z coordinates at a transverse momentum of 1 GeV/c. This is a factor of 3 improvement over the previous detector. Additionally, the standard ITS readout rate has been increased from 1 kHz to 67 kHz in Pb-Pb collisions and to 202 kHz in proton-proton collisions. To ensure stable operations and maintain high data quality a regular calibration is performed, which consists in establishing the charge threshold and the noisy channels of the detector. The ITS2 has been successfully commissioned for LHC Run3, and already operated during proton-proton and Pb-Pb collisions at LHC with excellent performance. This contribution gives an overview of the operational procedures required to maintain an optimal data quality, along with results obtained from calibration and the performance achieved during the LHC Run 3.
Interdecadal changes in three-dimensional atmospheric circulation patterns related to summer temperature variability in Eastern China modulated by the interdecadal Pacific Oscillation
Authors: Peng Jianjun , Hu Shujuan , Ding Ruiqiang , Li Deqian , Zhang Jingjing 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The dynamic effects of three-dimensional atmospheric circulation patterns are critical for regulating both regional and global climates. By using the three-pattern decomposition of global atmospheric circulation (3P-DGAC), this study recognizes the interdecadal changes of three-dimensional atmospheric circulation patterns associated with summer temperature anomalies in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River (MLRYR), and further demonstrates that these related changes of atmospheric circulation patterns are modulated by the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO). During the positive phase of the IPO, the three-dimensional atmospheric circulation patterns are characterized by the anticyclonic high at the middle and upper troposphere, and anomalous downdrafts along local meridional circulation near MLRYR. Then, in the negative phase of the IPO, alongside the aforementioned atmospheric circulation patterns, there are anomalous downdrafts along the local zonal circulation at the Eastern Tibetan Plateau (ETP). Through statistical and dynamical analysis, the emergence of local zonal circulation is attributed to the influences of positive sea surface temperature anomalies in North Atlantic during the negative phase of the IPO, which propagate to East Asia through intensified jet stream waviness. The findings of this study establish a synchronous linkage between ETP climate and downstream regions, offering significant implications for enhancing seasonal climate forecasting in the future.
Siberian heat extremes caused by Eurasian atmospheric teleconnections and amplified by local land surface conditions
Authors: Choi Nakbin , Lee Myong-In , Tak Sunlae , Cha Dong-Hyun , Watanabe Masahiro 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study aims to examine the mechanisms that drive extreme heat events in Siberia during boreal spring. The results from this study suggest that the upper-level atmospheric waves across Eurasia induced by the warm sea surface temperature (SST) in the eastern North Atlantic and large snow melting in southern Siberia are responsible for a large temperature increase in Siberia. These suggested mechanisms are examined by both observed data analysis and ideal numerical model simulations, which reasonably explain the record-breaking extreme heat events in 1997 and 2020. Future climate change scenarios simulated by a global climate model with large ensembles project a much larger increase in surface air temperature in Siberia compared to the surrounding area. Under future climate conditions, with significantly warmer SSTs in the eastern Atlantic and increased snowmelt in southern Siberia, the risk of extreme heat events in Siberia is expected to rise considerably. This is due to the enhanced large-scale atmospheric teleconnections and intensified local atmosphere-land feedback that will result from these changes.
Optimizing extrusion-based 3D bioprinting of plant cells with enhanced resolution and cell viability
Authors: Zhou 周 Dezhi 德志 , Li 李 Peixi 佩锡 , Yu 余 Shuang 爽 , Cui 崔 Zhenhua 镇华 , Xu 徐 Tao 弢 , Ouyang 欧阳 Liliang 礼亮 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
3D bioprinting of plant cells has emerged as a promising technology for plant cell immobilization and related applications. Despite the numerous progress in mammalian cell printing, the bioprinting of plant cells is still in its infancy and needs further investigation. Here, we present a systematic study on optimizing the 3D bioprinting of plant cells, using carrots as an example, towards enhanced resolution and cell viability. We mainly investigated the effects of cell cluster forms and nozzle size on the rheological, extrusion, and printability properties of plant cell bioinks, as well as on the resultant cell viability and growth. We found that when the printing nozzle is larger than 85% of the cell clusters embedded in the bioink, smooth extrusion and good printability can be achieved together with considerable cell viability and long-term growth. Specifically, we optimized a bioink composited with suspension-cultured carrot cells, which exhibited better uniformity, smoother extrusion, and higher cell viability over 1 month culture compared to those with the regular callus or fragmented callus. This work provides a practical guideline for optimizing plant cell bioprinting from the bioink development to the printing outcome assessment. It highlights the importance of selecting a matched nozzle and cell cluster and might provide insights for a better understanding and exploitation of plant cell bioprinting.
Ultraviolet target tracking using mask-based four-pixel parallel detection
Authors: Zheng Guoxian , Yin Yongkai , Jiao Yuqing , Zhang Fumin , Sun Baoqing 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Image-free single-pixel detection, which has the advantages of low computing power requirements, a wide working waveband and high detection speed, provides a new paradigm for target tracking. A dedicated mask-based four-pixel parallel detection system is proposed for ultraviolet (UV) target positioning and tracking. The system consists of four parallel branches. Four masks with linearly increasing transmittance provide one-order geometric moment modulation of the scene simultaneously. The four branches are arranged in a diamond structure to ensure complementarity and symmetry in the x and y directions, respectively. A chrome mask and a photomultiplier tube module are selected to ensure the system performance in the UV waveband. Target positioning is achieved by centroid calculation with a geometric moment and a global system calibration method is proposed to ensure accuracy. The validity of the proposed system is demonstrated with tracking experiments using a UV target. This work provides a practical and low-cost solution for real-time UV target positioning and tracking.
Bio- and bioinspired textures for enhancing friction forces
Authors: Li Meng , Sun Yongjian , Bi Bo , Wang Tao , Shi Liping , Wang Xiaolei 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The concept of enhancing surface friction through the implementation of surface texturing has garnered significant attention. In nature, numerous animal species are renowned for their reliable attachment pads, characterized by textured epidermal surfaces featuring a dense array of distinct geometries. These intriguing surface textures enable them to achieve robust friction necessary for locomotion or attachment on various surfaces. In the realm of technology, such concise yet efficient frictional designs have also been noteworthy due to their wide-ranging applications in areas such as biomimetic robots, tires, and wearable devices. However, despite the extensive development of artificial mimicked textures, their frictional performance still falls short compared to natural systems. This paper presents an overview of recent advancements in bio- and bioinspired textures aimed at augmenting friction, encompassing their architectural designs, inherent properties, underlying physical principles, and future research directions.
Free-energy orbital-free density functional theory: recent developments, perspective, and outlook
Authors: Karasiev Valentin V , Hilleke Katerina P , Trickey S B 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
By summarizing the constraint-based development of orbital-free free-energy density functional approximations, we provide a perspective on progress over the last 15 years, the limitations of existing functionals, and the challenges awaiting resolution. We outline the chronology of the development of noninteracting and exchange-correlation free-energy orbital-free functionals and summarize the theoretical basis of existing local density approximation, second-order approximation, generalized gradient approximation (GGA), and meta-GGAs. We discuss limitations and challenges such as problems with thermodynamic derivatives, free-energy nonadditivity and the closely related issue of all-electron versus valence-only local pseudo-potential performance.
Synaptic neural circuit inspired by side-gated graphene synaptic transistors for neuromorphic computing
Authors: Wen Huifeng , Yong Haoran , He Xiaoying , Rao Lan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
With the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence, the energy consumption bottleneck inherent in the von Neumann computing architecture poses a significant obstacle to the future development of edge computing, artificial intelligence, and information technology. Consequently, it is crucial to develop synaptic neural circuits that exhibit memory and learning properties through synaptic plasticity. Drawing inspiration from the side-gated graphene synaptic transistor, we have designed a synaptic neural circuit comprising four key components: pre-voltage input, synaptic weight modulation, electric double-layer effect, and post-membrane current response. Through comprehensive simulations, we have successfully mimicked various synaptic behaviours, including long-term and short-term synaptic plasticity, paired-pulse facilitation, spiking-rate-dependent plasticity, spiking time-dependent plasticity, and Pavlovian associative learning. This approach establishes a robust framework for designing synaptic neural network circuits with advanced learning capabilities, thereby enhancing the practical applications of neural networks and machine learning.
What Advice Is
Authors: Jonas Monique 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Philosophers have envisioned quite different characteristic purposes—or illocutionary points—for advising. Some see advice as a way of getting a person to do something, others see it as a way of getting a person to think about something. This chapter explains the significance of advice’s illocutionary point for the ethics of advising and explores the contrasting accounts offered by J. L. Austin, John Searle, Mark Lance and Rebecca Kukla, and Stephen Darwall. It then presents a new account of the illocutionary point of advice as a form of help with practical reasoning. Advice is analysed not as a member of a broader illocutionary class, but as a distinctive practice with essentially connected illocutionary and relational components. Searle’s dimensions of illocutionary force provide a framework for explicating what is required for a speech act to be received as an act of advice.
Store and Pour and Adapt
Authors: Phillips Jonathan D 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The evolution of water flow systems in nature is discussed in detail as an example of how Earth surface systems can adapt to environmental conditions and changes via efficiency selection. Hydrological systems often develop “store-and-pour” morphology, which provides moisture storage during dry periods and exports excess water during wet spells. Examples of why and how this occurs are presented for stream networks, soil hydrology, groundwater, tidal marshes, semi-arid shrublands, channel-wetland complexes, and fluviokarst. The ability to modify the allocation of water to various storage and flow components under different conditions (contingent partitioning) is critical to adaptation, enabling flow systems to perform their ecological job (supporting biological functions) and their geophysical job (handling excess water). Unlike biological selection, landscapes have no DNA to pass on adaptations. The recurrence of store-and-pour structures and contingent partitioning is an example of reinventive adaptation.
Climate Change and Mysterious Ways
Authors: Phillips Jonathan D 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Environmental changes, particularly those associated with the rapidly changing global climate, lend urgency to the need to understand how landscapes respond. This chapter links concepts of interconnectedness, complexity, contingency, emergence, and selection to understanding and dealing with responses to climate change. As the turbo-charged contemporary climate and its associated impacts have no precedents in human history, there is no “normal” anymore. Rather than searching for so-called representative cases, research should focus on hotspots and hot moments of change that are likely to reflect more accurately the present and near future—and “cold spots” and cold moments when major disturbances were readily absorbed or adapted to—for possible lessons for human responses. Resistance and resilience will not be feasible in many cases; strategies of accepting and adapting to inevitable change and directing changes to minimize adverse and promote positive impacts will be necessary. Guidelines for responding to climate change are provided.
The Survival of International Organizations
Authors: Dijkstra Hylke , von Allwörden Laura , Schütte Leonard , Zaccaria Giuseppe 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
While international organizations (IOs) have played a central role in global governance in the post-Cold War period, during the last decade many have struggled. Due to the rise of populism, the Trump presidency, and the renewed assertiveness of the emerging powers, various IOs have been challenged in ways that put their ability to perform core functions at risk. This book studies the responses of IOs to such existential challenges. It focuses on the central institutional actors inside IOs—IO leaders and their bureaucracies—which have a strong interest in the survival and well-being of their organizations. Presenting six case studies and drawing on more than 100 interviews, the book highlights the variation in the way in which these institutional actors try to cope with and counter existential challenges: Some fight tooth and nail to keep their IOs relevant, while other institutional actors are more circumspect in their actions. The book shows that institutional actors try to tailor their responses to the specific types of existential challenges, but their ability to do so depends on the quality of their leadership, organizational structure, and embedding in external networks. This book is thus about the IOs themselves. It is about those who lead IOs at the top but equally about the desk officers who keep the machinery running. By providing a view from behind the scenes, the book uncovers important processes about the survival of IOs and international institutions.
The size of the cancer problem
Authors: James Nick 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter looks into the extent of the cancer problem. It discusses the severity of cancer affecting all genders and races regardless of being poor or rich. Treating cancer is a major burden on healthcare systems and a major cause of loss of productive capacity within the workforce due to premature death. Despite the numerous angles into the politics of cancer care, most of them are linked closely to the economics of the disease. The chapter then provides an overview of breast cancer, lung cancer, liver cancer, bowel cancer, stomach cancer, and prostate cancer, before identifying the interconnection between cancer and smoking. The chapter includes an overview of likely future trends, highlighting the likelihood of big increases in low- and middle-income countries driven by rising life expectancy and population changes.
How does cancer develop?
Authors: James Nick 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter examines the development of cancer. It provides a brief background of cell biology, which includes the structure and function of DNA and the control of gene expression. In principle, the changes in cells that lead to cancer will be in the DNA, so agents that damage DNA are potential carcinogens. The chapter then discusses the Vogelstein cascade, which indicates carcinogenesis is slow and potentially multi-step, before highlighting the differences between non-inherited cancer and inherited cancers. It also details the hallmarks of cancer presented by leading cell biologists Douglas Hanahan and Robert Weinberg, which include the requirements for a cancer to grow a new blood supply, evade the immune system, and develop metabolic changes in order to avoid elimination by the body’s defences.
How is cancer treated?
Authors: James Nick 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the treatment of cancer. It provides an overview of the complexity of cancer treatment, which involves different groups including a wide assortment of doctors and other health professionals that may vary enormously from country to country. Such variation is also a function of healthcare’s politics and economics. The process of screening allows early intervention against cancer with a higher prospect of cure. The chapter then investigates the role of pathologists in cancer diagnosis before examining the importance of liquid biopsies, surgery, and radiotherapy. It also elaborates on the significance of hormone therapy, chemotherapy, monoclonal antibodies, immunotherapy, and targeted molecular therapy, often referred to as precision medicine, in cancer treatment.
The future shape of cancer care
Authors: James Nick 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter discusses the future of cancer care. It points out that the number of people diagnosed with cancer worldwide is set to rise steadily, largely due to a general rise in life expectancy driven by economic and population growth. The broad trends of cancer care will have different effects depending on the underlying economic structure and politics of the country concerned. For those with the money, cancer care will progressively become more effective with higher cure rates. Rising life expectancy is expected to increase the risk of cancer within middle-income countries, while cancer will remain the least of their worries for people struggling and living in the poorest countries.
The effects of fluctuating temperatures on degree-day development and life history parameters of Pseudacysta perseae (Hemiptera: Tingidae)
Authors: Dadlani Lakshmi Paloma , Milosavljević Ivan , Hoddle Mark S 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Pseudacysta perseae (Heidemann 1908) (Hemiptera: Tingidae) is a foliar pest of avocados. The effects of 6 fluctuating temperature regimens, which averaged 15, 20, 25, 30, 32, and 35 °C over a 24-h period, on the developmental and reproductive biology of P. perseae were investigated. Selected temperature cycles are representative of avocado production regions in California (US). Fluctuating temperature regimens had significant effects on P. perseae development times, fecundity, fertility, longevity, and survivorship rates. One linear model (Ordinary Linear) and 7 nonlinear regression functions (Beta, Brière-2, Lactin-2, Lobry–Rosso–Flandrois, Performance-2, Ratkowsky, and Weibull) were utilized to investigate the correlation between fluctuating temperature profiles and P. perseae development times. The Beta and Weibull models failed to converge. Model parameters, Tmin, Topt, and Tmax, were estimated as 1.72 to 9.78 °C, 31.04 to 31.57 °C, and 34.05 to 39.38 °C, respectively. The thermal requirement for development, K, was estimated as 476.19 degree-days. At 32 °C, P. perseae females exhibited 4 egg-laying peaks around days 11, 35, 54, and 63 of life. A maximum daily average of eggs laid (i.e., fecundity) was 6.07 on day 35 and the average daily egg-laying rate was 3.08 eggs over a 69-day span. The maximum proportion of eggs that hatched (i.e., fertility) was 0.49 on day 31, and the average daily proportion of hatched eggs was 0.10. This study confirmed that P. perseae passes through 4 nymphal instars, not 5 as previously reported. In addition, sexual dimorphism with respect to the coloration of the fourth antennal segment is documented and is substantially darker in adult males.
High-dimensional multiple imputation (HDMI) for partially observed confounders including natural language processing-derived auxiliary covariates
Authors: Weberpals Janick , Shaw Pamela A , Lin Kueiyu Joshua , Wyss Richard , Plasek Joseph M , Zhou Li , Ngan Kerry , DeRamus Thomas , Raman Sudha R , Hammill Bradley G , Lee Hana , Toh Sengwee , Connolly John G , Dandreo Kimberly J , Tian Fang , Liu Wei , Li Jie , Hernández-Muñoz José J , Schneeweiss Sebastian , Desai Rishi J 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Multiple imputation (MI) models can be improved with auxiliary covariates (AC), but their performance in high-dimensional data remains unclear. We aimed to develop and compare high-dimensional MI (HDMI) methods using structured and natural language processing (NLP)-derived AC in studies with partially observed confounders. We conducted a plasmode simulation with acute kidney injury as outcome and simulated 100 cohorts with a null treatment effect, incorporating creatinine labs, atrial fibrillation (AFib), and other investigator-derived confounders in the outcome generation. Missingness was imposed on creatinine based on creatinine itself and AFib. Different HDMI candidate AC were created using structured and NLP-derived features and we mimicked scenarios where AFib was unobserved by omitting it from all analyses. Using LASSO, we selected HDMI covariates for MI and propensity score models. The treatment effect was estimated after propensity score matching in MI datasets, and HDMI methods were compared to baseline imputation and complete case analysis. HDMI using claims data showed the lowest bias (0.072). Combining claims and sentence embeddings led to an improvement in the efficiency with a root-mean-squared-error of 0.173 and 94% coverage. NLP-derived AC alone did not outperform baseline MI. HDMI approaches may decrease bias in studies where confounder missingness depends on unobserved factors.