bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The genetic architecture of the adaptive potential of Arabidopsis thaliana in response to Pseudomonas syringae strains isolated from south‐west France
Authors: Bartoli Claudia , Rigal Mylène , Huard‐Chauveau Carine , Mayjonade Baptiste , Roux Fabrice 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPhytopathogens are a threat for global food production and security. Emergence or re‐emergence of plant pathogens is highly dependent on the environmental conditions affecting pathogen spread and survival. Under climate change, a geographic expansion of pathogen distribution poleward has been observed, potentially resulting in disease outbreaks on crops and wild plants. Therefore, estimating the adaptive potential of plants to novel epidemics and describing the underlying genetic architecture is a primary need to propose agricultural management strategies reducing pathogen outbreaks and to breed novel plant cultivars adapted to pathogens that might spread under climate change. To address this challenge, we inoculated Pseudomonas syringae strains isolated from Arabidopsis thaliana populations from south‐west of France on the highly genetically polymorphic TOU‐A A. thaliana population from north‐east France. While no adaptive potential was identified in response to most P. syringae strains, the TOU‐A population displayed a variable disease response to the JACO‐CL strain belonging to the P. syringae phylogroup 7 (PG7). This strain carried a reduced type III secretion system (T3SS) characteristic of the PG7 as well as flexible genomic traits and potential novel effectors. Genome‐wide association mapping on 192 TOU‐A accessions revealed a polygenic architecture of disease response to JACO‐CL. The main quantitative trait locus (QTL) region encompasses two R genes and the AT5G18310 gene encoding ubiquitin hydrolase, a target of the AvrRpt2 P. syringae effector. Altogether, our results pave the way for a better understanding of the genetic and molecular basis of the adaptive potential in an ecologically relevant A. thaliana–P. syringae pathosystem.
Full‐length transcriptome sequencing provides new insights into the complexity of flavonoid biosynthesis in Glechoma longituba
Authors: Shan Tingyu , Xu Jingyao , Zhong Xinxin , Zhang Jingjing , He Bing , Tao Yijia , Wu Jiawen 
Published: December 2023

AbstractGlechoma longituba has been frequently used in treating urolithiasis and cholelithiasis due to the presence of flavonoids, which are its major bioactive constituents. However, research on the molecular background of flavonoid biosynthesis in G. longituba is limited. In this study, we used single‐molecule real‐time combined with next‐generation sequencing technologies to construct the complete transcriptome of G. longituba. We identified 404,648 non‐redundant transcripts, including 249,697 coding sequences, 197,811 simple sequence repeats, 174,846 long noncoding RNA, and 176,554 coding RNA. Moreover, we functionally annotated 346,218 isoforms (85.56%) and identified 86,528 differentially expressed genes. We also identified 55 non‐redundant full‐length isoforms related to the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway. Pearson correlation analysis revealed that the expression levels of some key genes of the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway were significantly positively correlated with the flavonoid metabolites. Furthermore, we performed bioinformatics analysis (sequence and structural) of isoform_47029 (encoding flavanone 3‐hydroxylase) and isoform_53692 (encoding flavonol synthase) to evaluate their potential biological functions. Finally, we validated gene expression levels of 12 flavonoid‐related key enzyme genes using quantitative real‐time PCR. Overall, this study provides full‐length transcriptome information on G. longituba for the first time and valuable molecular resources for further research on the medicinal properties of this plant.
Natural variation of temperature acclimation of Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Hernandez Jakob Sebastian , Dziubek Dejan , Schröder Laura , Seydel Charlotte , Kitashova Anastasia , Brodsky Vladimir , Nägele Thomas 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAcclimation is a multigenic trait by which plants adjust photosynthesis and metabolism to cope with a changing environment. Here, natural variations of photosynthetic efficiency and acclimation of the central carbohydrate metabolism were analyzed in response to low and elevated temperatures. For this, 18 natural accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana, originating from Cape Verde Islands and Europe, were grown at 22°C before being exposed to 4°C and 34°C for cold and heat acclimation, respectively. Absolute amounts of carbohydrates were quantified together with their subcellular distribution across plastids, cytosol and vacuole. Linear electron transport rates (ETRs) were determined together with the maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) for all growth conditions and under temperature fluctuation. Under elevated temperature, ETR residuals under increasing photosynthetic photon flux densities significantly correlated with the degree of temperature fluctuation at the original habitat of accessions, indicating a geographical east/west gradient of photosynthetic acclimation capacities. Plastidial sucrose concentrations positively correlated with maximal ETRs under fluctuating temperature, indicating a stabilizing role within the chloroplast. Our findings revealed specific subcellular carbohydrate distributions that contribute differentially to the photosynthetic efficiency of natural Arabidopsis thaliana accessions across a longitudinal gradient. This sheds light on the relevance of subcellular metabolic regulation for photosynthetic performance in a fluctuating environment and supports the physiological interpretation of naturally occurring genetic variation of temperature tolerance and acclimation.
Factors associated with reduced sleep among spouses and caregivers of older adults with varying levels of cognitive decline
Authors: Gallagher Virginia T. , Reilly Shannon E. , Rossetti M. Agustina , Mattos Meghan , Manning Carol 
Published: December 2023

BackgroundCaregivers of persons with cognitive decline (PWCD) are at increased risk of poor sleep quantity and quality. It is unclear whether this is due to factors in the caregiver versus in the PWCD.MethodsThis secondary data analysis using Aging, Demographics, and Memory Study data from the Health Retirement Study examined factors contributing to reduced sleep/rest among spouses and caregivers of older adults with varying levels of cognitive decline (cognitively normal (CN), cognitive impairment but not dementia (CIND), or dementia).ResultsIn our preliminary analysis, among N = 218 spouses (not necessarily caregivers) (mean age (SD) = 73.77 (7.30); 70.64% female) of older adults with varying levels of cognitive decline, regression revealed that frequency of sleep complaints was lowest among spouses with CN partners, second highest with CIND partners, and highest with dementia‐partners, X2 = 26.810, P = 0.002. Primary aim: among n = 136 caregivers of PWCD (mean age (SD) = 59.27 (13.97); 74.26% female; 22.79% spouses), we analyzed whether caregiver reduced sleep/rest was predicted by PWCD factors (i.e., frequent nighttime waking, dementia severity) and/or caregiver factors (i.e., depression symptoms, caregiver role overload). Regression revealed that caregiver depression symptoms (d = 0.62) and role overload (d = 0.88), but not PWCD factors, were associated with reduced caregiver sleep/rest after adjusting for demographic factors, caregiving frequency, and shared‐dwelling status (overall model: X2 = 31.876, P = 0.002). Exploratory analyses revealed that a caregiver was 7.901 times more likely (95% CI: 0.99–63.15) to endorse experiencing reduced sleep/rest if back‐up care was not available (P = 0.023).ConclusionFindings highlight that the frequency of reported sleep problems among spouses increases in a stepwise fashion when partners have dementia versus CIND versus CN. The results also emphasise that caregiver mental health and burden are strongly associated with caregiver sleep disturbances and thus may be targets of intervention for caregiver sleep problems.
Research collaboration in development economics
Authors: Amarante Verónica , Zurbrigg Julieta 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAchieving greater geographical diversity in economics in general, and in the field of development in particular, is a desirable objective due to ethical and utilitarian reasons. In this article, we analyze geographical diversity in the main academic journals of the discipline, providing a detailed look at articles written in collaboration between researchers from developed and developing countries. Our results confirm the striking prevalence of articles written by researchers based in developed countries. We also detect an increase in collaborative research in time and highlight the importance of non‐academic institutions in the conformation of these collaborative research teams. In terms of contents, most of these collaborations address the study of a country or a region, and many of them are empirical, mainly using quantitative approaches. Integrating a collaborative research team allows researchers located in the developing world to publish in higher quality journals and get more impact, at least in terms of citations.
Suicidal thoughts and behaviors among gender and sexual minorities: Adults ages 25–44 show highest rates of past month suicidal thoughts
Authors: Manges Margaret E. , Bryan Craig J. , Bryan AnnaBelle O. , Bauder Christina Rose , Wastler Heather M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIntroductionSexual and gender minority (SGM) people are at increased risk for suicidal thoughts and behaviors relative to their cisgender heterosexual peers. However, most research in this area has focused on youth, limiting our understanding of suicide risk among SGM adults.MethodsTo address this gap in the literature, the present study examined suicidal thoughts and behaviors among SGM adults across different age groups using a sample of 10,620 US adults.ResultsConsistent with the literature on youth, SGM adults showed higher rates of suicidal thoughts and behaviors than cisgender heterosexual adults. When examining prevalence rates across various age groups, young adults (18–25) showed greater suicidal thoughts and behaviors relative to adults ages 45+. However, adults ages 25–44 actually showed the highest rate of past month suicidal thoughts compared to adults ages 18–25.ConclusionThese findings suggest that suicide risk for SGM extends beyond youth and highlights the need for more research on middle‐age SGM adults. Additional resources for SGM adults that are not only tailored toward youth and young adults are warranted.
Image processing setting adaptions according to image dose and radiologist preference can improve image quality in computed radiography of the equine distal limb: A cadaveric study
Authors: Seeber Matthias , Lederer Kristina A. , Rowan Conor , Strohmayer Carina , Ludewig Eberhard 
Published: December 2023

AbstractImage processing (IP) in digital radiography has been steadily refined to improve image quality. Adaptable settings enable users to adjust systems to their specific requirements. This prospective, analytical study aimed to investigate the influence of different IP settings and dose reductions on image quality. Included were 20 cadaveric equine limb specimens distal to the metacarpophalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joints. Images were processed with the Dynamic Visualization II system (Fujifilm) using five different IP settings including multiobjective frequency processing, flexible noise control (FNC), and virtual grid processing (VGP). Seven criteria were assessed by three veterinary radiology Diplomates and one veterinary radiology resident in a blinded study using a scoring system. Algorithm comparison was performed using an absolute visual grading analysis. The rating of bone structures was improved by VGP at full dose (P < .05; AUCVGC = 0.45). Überschwinger artifact perception was enhanced by VGP (P < .001; AUCVGC = 0.66), whereas image noise perception was suppressed by FNC (P < .001; AUCVGC = 0.29). The ratings of bone structures were improved by FNC at 50% dose (P < .05; AUCVGC = 0.44), and 25% dose (P < .001; AUCVGC = 0.32), and clinically acceptable image quality was maintained at 50% dose (mean rating 2.16; 95.8% ratings sufficient or better). The favored IP setting varied among observers, with higher agreement at lower dose levels. These findings supported using individualized IP settings based on the radiologist's preferences and situational image requirements, rather than using default settings.
The Present Condition of Research in the United States
Authors: Greene Arthur M. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This paper, by the Chairman of the Research Committee of the Society, deals with the conditions under which research is now being carried on in the United States. The author first discusses research in its relation to the technical school and gives a list of the universities having mechanical engineering laboratories. Engineering experiment stations are next considered, lists being given of the stations and of those which publish research bulletins. Coöperative research and the research activities of the Government are next presented and finally the author considers commercial and industrial research work, giving in connection therewith lists of the private research laboratories in the country and of manufacturing companies having their own research facilities.
Economical Section of Water Conduit for Power Development
Authors: Hutchinson Cary T. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In this paper the author deduces a formula for determining the best slope and size of a conduit for supplying water to a power plant, this formula taking into account the construction costs, the value of the power recovered, the rate of returns expected on expenditures made, etc. The resulting relation between the best area and the flow in second-feet for chosen values of factors is shown in a logarithmic chart, and it is pointed out how this chart may be modified so that the relation for other costs and unit prices can be easily determined.
Emergency Fleet Corporation Water-Tube Boiler for Wood Ships
Authors: Dean F. W. , Kreisinger Henry 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The following paper describes and reports tests upon the standard water-tube marine boiler designed by the United States Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation. Thirteen hundred and fifty-two boilers were ordered, of which the first 706 were alike, after which 646 were ordered with slight changes including the use of four passes instead of three as employed in the original lot. In view of the large number of boilers needed, the scarcity of steel and the desire to secure competitive prices, the water-tube type was adopted instead of the Scotch marine type. This made it possible to have the boilers constructed in inland shops throughout the country and effected a reduction in the weight of steel of more than nine million pounds for the total order. The boilers had a grate area of 65.54 sq. ft., heating surface of 2500 sq. ft. and a commercial horsepower of 435 on the basis of the marine rating of 6 lb. of water to a square foot of heating surface per hour. Under test the three-pass type showed at first an efficiency of 60 per cent, which was later raised to about 73 per cent based upon combustible by certain changes which were effected. The four-pass type exceeded 74 per cent on two tests. These results were obtained when the boilers were hand-fired.
The Fuel Section of the Bureau of Mines made investigations of the process of combustion and of the temperature of gases as they flowed through the furnace and boiler. These investigations determined in a rational way what changes in the furnace and in the arrangement of the baffles were desirable to raise the efficiency of the boiler. Details of some of these investigations are given together with tables showing the complete results of the evaporative tests.
A New Type of Hydraulic–Turbine Runner
Authors: Nagler Forrest 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This paper is in the nature of a preliminary announcement describing the development of a new type of water-wheel runner which on account of its greater speed and lower cost is expected to largely supplant the well-known mixed-flow reaction (Francis) types of runners under low-head conditions. The radical nature of such a departure from accepted practice may be realized when it is considered that, except for the earliest stages of water-wheel development about the middle of the last century, the mixed-flow reaction runner has been accepted as being without an equal for low-head work. This paper has accordingly been prepared with the idea of showing briefly what the general trend of design has been from the date of the first turbines, which were built in about 1830, until the development and perfection of the mixed-flow runner, dating perhaps from 1860 to the present time, and to point out and discuss the radical nature of the departure from this latter practice in the design of the new type.
In order to provide a simple criterion of progress, but particularly to afford a more ready means of contrasting previous practice with the development described, the first part of the paper is devoted to an explanation of the term “characteristic speed” and its applications. This explanation, while in the nature of a repetition of much more extensive articles previously written, is thought to be desirable by reason of its peculiar adaptability to water-wheel analysis, and because it is not in as common use among engineers in general as it might be.
A brief history of water-wheel development is likewise given, based on a consideration of characteristic speeds attained by successive types and during different periods of development. This history is brought up to date and includes the origin and development of the new type of runner. Briefly this history indicates that for nearly one hundred years characteristic speeds were gradually increased from 20 to 100, whereas the new form of runner with its greater simplicity and flexibility reaches characteristic speeds averaging 150, which thus permits it to attain speeds over 50 per cent greater than possible with preceding types.
Finally a brief statement of the advantages and field of application of the new type is given, showing that by its use it is possible to build satisfactory machinery for heads down to one-half those previously found to be the limit, and for present head limits to go to over double the capacity of units previously used.
Oil Pipe Lines
Authors: Sulentic S. A. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In this paper the author compares the cost of pipe-line transportation with that of rail and canal transportation and shows the advantages of the oil engine as a means of economically transporting oil for long distances through pipes. He also derives simple formulæ which make it comparatively easy to make rapid calculations of the pressure, net horsepower and brake horsepower necessary for the transmission of any quantity of oil per day through a pipe of known diameter.
Continuous Transport of a Nanoparticle on a Solid Surface
Authors: Zhang Teng , Leng Jiantao , Chang Tienchong 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Long-distance transport of a nanoparticle on a solid surface remains a challenge in nanotechnology. Here, we design a nanoscale motor device for continuously transporting a nanoparticle on a beam surface. The device is composed of repeated units of clamped beams on which a harmonic excitation is applied to induce a gradient in atomic density on their surface, and such atomic density consequently creates a driving force on the nanoparticle attached to the device surface. The design requirements that should be satisfied by the device attributes are analytically derived, and the effect of the device attributes on the device transport performance is discussed. In addition, molecular dynamics simulations for a typical device of a graphene sheet transported on a silver beam are conducted to verify the analytical results. The proposed design provides a starting point for continuously transporting a nanoobject on a solid surface and has great potential in various applications such as nanomotors and molecular assembly lines.
On the Construction of Confidence Regions for Uncertain Planar Displacements
Authors: Yu Zihan , Jeffrey Ge Qiaode , Langer Mark P. , Arbab Mona 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This paper studies the statistical concept of confidence region for a set of uncertain planar displacements with a certain level of confidence or probabilities. Three different representations of planar displacements are compared in this context and it is shown that the most commonly used representation based on the coordinates of the moving frame is the least effective. The other two methods, namely the exponential coordinates and planar quaternions, are equally effective in capturing the group structure of SE(2). However, the former relies on the exponential map to parameterize an element of SE(2), while the latter uses a quadratic map, which is often more advantageous computationally. This paper focus on the use of planar quaternions to develop a method for computing the confidence region for a given set of uncertain planar displacements. Principal component analysis (PCA) is another tool used in our study to capture the dominant direction of movements. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach, we compare it to an existing method called rotational and translational confidence limit (RTCL). Our examples show that the planar quaternion formulation leads to a swept volume that is more compact and more effective than the RTCL method, especially in cases when off-axis rotation is present.
A Compliant Hinge Joint Driven by the PneuNets Bending Actuator
Authors: Jin Yi , Su Hai-Jun 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
While soft robots enjoy the benefits of high adaptability and safety, their inherent flexibility makes them suffer from low load-carrying capacity and motion precision, which limits their applications to a broader range of fields. To address this problem, we propose a novel compliant hinge joint with a stiff backbone for load-carrying coupled with soft pneumatic networks (PneuNets) bending actuators. We derive a pseudo-rigid-body model of the joint design and validate it through experiments and simulations. The results show that the joint can achieve a large range of bending angles. The off-axis stiffness is from 16.74 to 627.63 times the in-axis stiffness. This design can carry a heavy load off-axis while maintaining the in-axis flexibility. This work lays out the foundation for designing high-performance soft robots by combining various flexure mechanisms and pneumatic bending actuators.