bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using dendronal signatures for feature extraction and retrieval
Authors: Chen Luojian , Berry Michael W. , Hargrove William W. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractA dendrone is a hierarchical thresholding structure that can be automatically generated from a complex image. The dendrone structure captures the connectedness of objects and subobjects during successive brightness thresholding. Based on connectedness and changes in intensity contours, dendronic representations of objects in images capture the coarse‐to‐fine unfolding of finer and finer detail, creating a unique signature for target objects that is invariant to lighting, scale, and placement of the object within the image. Subdendrones within the hierarchy are recognizable as objects within the picture. Complex composite images can be autonomously analyzed to determine if they contain the unique dendronic signatures of particular target objects of interest. In this paper, we describe the initial design of the dendronic image characterization environment (DICE) for the generation of dendronic signatures from complex multiband remote imagery. By comparing subdendrones within an image to dendronic signatures of target objects of interest, DICE can be used to match/retrieve target features from a library of composite images. The DICE framework can organize and support a number of alternative object recognition and comparison techniques, depending on the application domain. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol 11, 243–253, 2000
Hemocompatibility, biocompatibility, inflammatory and in vivo studies of primary reference materials low‐density polyethylene and polydimethylsiloxane: A review
Authors: Bélanger Marie–Claire , Marois Yves 
Published: September 2002

AbstractIn 1984, low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) and polymethylsiloxane (PDMS), two primary reference materials (PRM), were made available by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) as discriminatory tools for the validation of standardized and novel in vitro and in vivo tests in the evaluation of biomaterials. This article reviews the results and conclusions obtained by several studies investigating the hemocompatibility, in vitro biocompatibility, inflammatory response, and in vivo tissue reactions of these two reference materials. Variable results obtained with LDPE and PDMS in ex vivo hemocompatibility studies were attributed to the type of animal model used, the flow velocity of the circulating blood, the time of exposure, and the methodology used to measure blood cell adhesion or activation at the surface of the materials. In contrast, both the LDPE and PDMS appeared to be suitable reference materials when used in in vitro biocompatibility, inflammatory response, and in vivo studies. However, caution must be taken when interpreting the results, because gamma sterilization of these two materials as well as their origin (for example PDMS) are two critically important factors. In conclusion, we see a definite need for standardized hemocompatible parameters and better high‐quality hemocompatibility studies on PRM. This review also suggests other materials as potential PRM candidates, namely, Biomer® and Intramedic™ polyethylene. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res (Appl Biomater) 58: 467–477, 2001
Acrolein induces activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor of human keratinocytes for cell death
Authors: Takeuchi Kei , Kato Masashi , Suzuki Haruhiko , Akhand Anwarul A. , Wu Jianghong , Hossain Khaled , Miyata Toshio , Matsumoto Yoshinari , Nimura Yuji , Nakashima Izumi 
Published: September 2002

AbstractAcrolein, which is a highly reactive formaldehyde generated by lipid peroxidation, can affect skin and cause various disorders. The effect of exposure of human keratinocytes to acrolein on cell surface‐oriented signal transduction into cells was examined. Incubation of human keratinocytes with a relatively low concentration (50 μM) of acrolein caused a prompt and selective induction of tyrosine phosphorylation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) as a 180‐kDa molecule during the period from 5–30 min after the start of incubation. This early event was followed by an increase in the density and number of phosphotyrosine‐containing proteins during the period from 60–120 min after the start of incubation. The catalytic activity of EGFR as measured by the levels of autophorphorylation and phosphorylation of an exogenously added substrate, casein, in in vitro kinase assay, greatly increased as early as 1 min after the start of incubation and then decreased gradually 30 min later. MAP family kinases, including ERK, JNK, and p38 kinase, and the potentially downstream transcription factor c‐Jun were all promoted for phosphorylation/activation during a period of 5–30 min. Selective prompt phosphorylation/activation of EGFR followed by phosphorylation of MAP family kinases and c‐Jun and their blockade by a specific EGFR inhibitor, AG1478, suggested that activation of EGFR is the major, and possibly single, cell surface element for intracellular signal transduction in acrolein‐treated cells. Incubation of human keratinocytes with 50 μM of acrolein induced atypical apoptosis with morphologic apoptotic features with low‐grade oligonucleoside‐sized DNA fragmentation. Partial inhibition of such a cytopathic effect of acrolein on human keratinocytes by preincubation with AG1478 suggests the involvement of an EGFR‐mediated signal pathway for atypical apoptosis. These results provide new information on acrolein‐induced cell surface‐oriented signal transduction to human keratinocytes, and this information may be useful for understanding the pathogenesis of a number of skin diseases in response to environmental acrolein and acrolein‐generating ultraviolet irradiation. J. Cell. Biochem. 81: 679–688, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Vertex criticality for upper domination and irredundance
Authors: Grobler P. J. P. , Mynhardt C. M. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractLet π be any of the domination parameters ir γ, i, β, Γ or IR. The graph G is π‐critical (π+‐critical) if the removal of any vertex of G causes π(G) to decrease (increase). We show that the classes of IR‐critical and Γ‐critical graphs coincide, and exhibit a class of Γ+‐critical graphs. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Graph Theory 37: 205–212, 2001
Mispatterning in the ommatidia of Apis mellifera pupae treated with a juvenile hormone analogue
Authors: Boleli Isabel Cristina , Bitondi Márcia Maria Gentile , Figueiredo Vera Lúcia Castelo , Simões Zilá Luz Paulino 
Published: September 2002

AbstractTo further understand the function of morphogenetic hormones in honeybee eye differentiation, the alterations in ommatidial patterning induced by pyriproxyfen, a juvenile hormone (JH) analogue, were studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Prepupae of prospective honeybee workers were treated with pyriproxyfen and the effects on ommatidial differentiation were described at the end of the pupal development. The results show that the entire ommatidia, i.e., the dioptric as well as the receptor systems, were affected by the JH analogue. The wave of ommatidial differentiation, which progresses from the posterior to the anterior region of the pupal eyes, was arrested. In treated pupae, the rhabdomeres only differentiated at the apical axis of the retinula, the secondary and tertiary pigment cells did not develop their cytoplasm protrusions, and the cone cell quartet did not pattern correctly. Simultaneously, an intense vacuolization was observed in cells forming ommatidia. In a previous study we showed that pyriproxyfen exerts an inhibition on pupal ecdysteroid secretion. In this sense, the arrested ommatidial differentiation in pyriproxyfen‐treated pupae could be due to a secondary effect resulting from an alteration in pupal ecdysteroid titers. J. Morphol. 249:89–99, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Managing relationship conflict and the effectiveness of organizational teams
Authors: De Dreu Carsten K.W. , Van Vianen Annelies E.M. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractPast research has revealed that team effectiveness and satisfaction suffer when teams experience relationship conflict—conflict related to interpersonal issues, political norms and values, and personal taste. This study examined how teams should respond to these conflicts. Three types of conflict responses were studied: collaborating responses, contending responses, and avoiding responses. A field study involving a heterogeneous sample of teams performing complex, non‐routine task showed that collaborating and contending responses to relationship conflict negatively relate to team functioning (i.e., voice, compliance, helping behavior) and overall team effectiveness, while avoiding responses were associated with high team functioning and effectiveness. It is suggested that collaborating and contending responses to relationship conflict distract team members from their tasks, while avoiding responses appear more functional in that they allow team members to pursue task performance. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Homogeneity adjustments of temperature and precipitation series—Finnish and Nordic data
Authors: Tuomenvirta H. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractAn analysis is made of the adjustments needed to produce three homogeneous data sets, namely the 1961–1990 mean temperatures in Finland, the North Atlantic Climatolological Dataset (NACD) temperature and precipitation series (1890–1990), and the Finnish daily mean maximum and minimum temperature series (1910–1995), as well as the reasons for making such adjustments. The adjustments in the annual (seasonal) mean temperatures are up to ±1°C (±2°C), and annual precipitation adjustments can be ±40%. In Finland, the homogeneity breaks in the normal period temperatures and in the long‐term daily mean maximum and minimum temperatures appear to be random, and thus, do not bias averages based on large numbers of stations. However, both the temperature and precipitation series of the NACD would have been statistically significantly biased without adjustments. Station relocations appear to be the most common cause of homogeneity breaks in the temperature series. In the NACD, the adjustments resulting from relocations are statistically significant and reflect changes to colder observing sites. Also, changes in the formula used for the calculation of mean temperatures and urbanization both cause systematic biases in the data. The installation of improved precipitation gauges has been systematic in the NACD; thus, the original series need to be adjusted upwards in the early years. The applied adjustments are of the same order of magnitude as the observed long‐term trends, which stresses the importance of the testing and adjusting of long‐term series before analysis of climatic changes. In order to monitor climatic changes in a reliable manner, the observing network should be designed to withstand the common discontinuities (e.g. relocations, observer and environment changes etc.) in observation series, because the number of homogeneity breaks appears to be roughly constant in time. Moreover, the introduction of new technology may cause systematic changes in the observations, and comprehensive comparison measurements are needed. Copyright © 2001 Royal Meteorological Society
Climatology of near‐surface wind patterns over Switzerland
Authors: Weber Rudolf O. , Furger Markus 
Published: September 2002

AbstractOver complex, mountainous terrain the near‐surface winds can form intricate patterns as large‐scale winds and locally forced wind systems interplay. Switzerland, with its mountainous topography and dense meteorological network of 115 automated surface stations, ideally serves as a study area for such wind system interactions. Applying an automated classification scheme to the wind data of one single year (1995), 16 distinct near‐surface flow patterns were found. These patterns also show characteristic distributions in magnitude and areal extent of temperature, global radiation and precipitation. An 18‐year climatology of flow patterns was created with an identification method for fewer stations. This allowed the determination of annual and diurnal variations in the frequencies of occurrence of the different flow patterns, revealing pronounced daytime and night‐time classes characterized by thermally forced winds. Transition probabilities between the flow patterns were computed as well. The relationship between the near‐surface wind patterns and the synoptic flow situation was investigated with a comparison with synoptic weather types defined for the Alpine region. The results show clear but not unequivocal interdependencies between the synoptic weather type and the near‐surface flow pattern. Copyright © 2001 Royal Meteorological Society
Markov chain models for pre‐monsoon season thunderstorms over Pune
Authors: Kulkarni M. K. , Kandalgaonkar S. S. , Tinmaker M. I. R. , Nath Asha 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe probabilistic distribution of the thunderstorm phenomenon during the pre‐monsoon season (1 March to 18 June) over Pune, a tropical Indian station, has been examined with the help of Markov chain models using daily thunderstorm data for a period of 11 years (1970–80). The data have also been tested using Akaike's information criterion. This test has clearly indicated that the first‐order Markov chain model is the best fit model for thunderstorm forecasting, which has described the appropriate period (8 days) of occurrence of thunderstorm phenomenon over Pune. Further, the steady‐state probabilities and mean recurrence time of thunderstorm days and non‐thunderstorm days have also been calculated for the first‐ and second‐order Markov chain models. These computations have revealed that the observed and theoretical values of steady‐state probabilities are realistically matched. Copyright © 2002 Royal Meteorological Society.
Recent trends in temperature and precipitation over South Korea
Authors: Jung Hyun‐Sook , Choi Youngeun , Oh Jai‐Ho , Lim Gyu‐Ho 
Published: September 2002

AbstractTemperature and precipitation changes over South Korea have been studied since 1954, both in terms of means and extreme events, using observational station data. Recurrence intervals are defined to examine trends in extreme events at each station. Generally, it is possible to describe trends in temperature and precipitation over South Korea as follows. The annual mean temperature shows an upward trend at a rate of 0.23 °C decade−1 in the past four to five decades. There are some indications that climatic extremes have increased during recent decades. The diurnal temperature range increased in the later part of the time series (except for summer) as a result of a faster increase in maximum temperature than in minimum temperature. This is not consistent with the results reported elsewhere in the world. A wavelet analysis of wintertime temperatures indicates that the rapid warming in the recent decade may be associated with the warm phase of a decadal–interdecadal variation. The frequency of occurrence of extreme maximum temperature events shows an increasing trend, with higher values in the 1980s and 1990s. The frequency of occurrence of extreme minimum temperature events shows the opposite, with a statistically significant decreasing trend. Copyright © 2002 Royal Meteorological Society.
Relationship between Soviet snow and Korean rainfall
Authors: Kripalani R. H. , Kim Baek‐Jo , Oh Jai‐Ho , Moon Sung‐Euii 
Published: September 2002

AbstractIn this study the statistical relationship between winter–spring Soviet snow depth and summer monsoon rainfall over South Korea has been investigated by lag correlation coefficients and composite analysis. Data for the 1966–95 period are used. Results reveal that the winter/springtime snow depth over western Eurasia (over Kazakhstan) is negatively related, whereas the snow depth over eastern Eurasia (over Manchuria–eastern Siberia) is positively related with Korean monsoon rainfall. The dipole correlation pattern suggests that heavy snow over eastern Eurasia and light snow over western Eurasia is favourable, whereas the reverse situation is unfavourable for monsoon activity over South Korea. The NCEP–NCAR re‐analyses data reveal that the dipole correlation configuration is indicative of a mid‐latitude long‐wave pattern with an anomalous ridge over north Asia during the winter prior to a weak Korean monsoon and an anomalous trough prior to a strong monsoon. The re‐analyses data further suggest that the position, shape, and strength of the summertime North Pacific subtropical high and the low‐level jet over the East Asian sector could be considerably influenced by the snow distribution over Eurasia. Copyright © 2002 Royal Meteorological Society.
Multiple‐Well, multiple‐path unimolecular reaction systems. I. MultiWell computer program suite
Authors: Barker John R. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractUnimolecular reaction systems in which multiple isomers undergo simultaneous reactions via multiple decomposition reactions and multiple isomerization reactions are of fundamental interest in chemical kinetics. The computer program suite described here can be used to treat such coupled systems, including the effects of collisional energy transfer (weak collisions). The program suite consists of MultiWell, which solves the internal energy master equation for complex unimolecular reactions systems; DenSum, which calculates sums and densities of states by an exact‐count method; MomInert, which calculates external principal moments of inertia and internal rotation reduced moments of inertia; and Thermo, which calculates equilibrium constants and other thermodynamics quantities. MultiWell utilizes a hybrid master equation approach, which performs like an energy‐grained master equation at low energies and a continuum master equation in the vibrational quasicontinuum. An adaptation of Gillespie's exact stochastic method is used for the solution. The codes are designed for ease of use. Details are presented of various methods for treating weak collisions with virtually any desired collision step‐size distribution and for utilizing RRKM theory for specific unimolecular rate constants. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 33: 232–245, 2001
Causal processes of soil salinization in Tunisia, Spain and Hungary
Authors: Schofield R. , Thomas D. S. G. , Kirkby M. J. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractSoil salinization arises due to the build up of soluble salts at or near the soil surface. Salts accumulate by primary and secondary processes that alter the soils physicochemical properties and lead to direct and indirect soil degradation. Results are presented here from the study of three contrasting salt‐affected landscapes. The Chott el Fedjadj, Tunisia, is a naturally salt‐affected basin containing saline sediments deposited during a marine incursion. The endoreic conditions lead to salt recirculation, concentration and reprecipitation. In the Guadalentin Valley, Spain, increased irrigated agriculture has led to aquifer overexploitation releasing gas and salts. Irrigating with the resultant contaminated groundwater has induced soil salinization. The salt accumulation and translocation is dictated predominantly by irrigation method, water quality and quantity. Hungary has the largest expanse of naturally salt‐affected soil in Europe, with the dominant soil type being solonetz. In Hungary the type of salt‐affected soil development is related to the salts present, hydraulic properties of the soil and depth and quality of the watertable. In Tunisia a catenary relationship of increased water and soil salinity towards the centre of the chott is found, whereas in Spain the highest salinities were found under flood irrigation with the valley displaying a complex spatial distribution of soil salinity. The sediment distribution in Hungary dictates that solonchak soils are found mostly in the Danube–Tisza interfluve and solonetz soils in the Tisza floodplain, with localized variations in soil type related to watertable characteristics. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A conceptual framework for analyzing deception and debriefing effects in marketing research
Authors: Toy Dan , Wright Lauren , Olson Jerry 
Published: September 2002

AbstractDeception and debriefing are commonly used marketing research procedures. However, marketers have paid little attention to the ethical and methodological issues inherent in the use of these practices. One explanation may be that greater emphasis has traditionally been placed on research outcomes than on how the research results were generated. In this article we attempt to redress this situation by examining the methodological and ethical issues concerning deception and debriefing from a process perspective. We review the past research on deception and debriefing, identify key psychological processes by which deception and debriefing influence participants, and present a framework for understanding the effects of both deceptions and debriefings on research participants. We then show how the results generated from this framework can be examined from an ethical perspective to provide a better understanding of the benefits and costs of the research to all stakeholders. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Non‐vital, prosthetic, and virtual reality models of microsurgical training
Authors: Lannon Declan A. , Atkins Jo‐Anne , Butler Peter E.M. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractMany microsurgical training models exist. These can be broadly classified into living and non‐living. The latter type can be further sub‐classified into non‐vital, prosthetic, and virtual reality models. We review each model within these sub‐groups with reference to the ideal properties of a training model. The most important attribute of any model is that the skills acquired from it must translate efficiently into microsurgical skill in the clinical situation. We believe that non‐vital and prosthetic models are an important complement to living ones in training and maintaining the skills of all microsurgeons. As virtual reality technology improves, virtual models may succeed the rat as the microsurgical training tool of choice. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MICROSURGERY 21:389‐393 2001
Effect of hypothermia on the ischemic and reperfused rat skeletal muscle, monitored by in vivo 31p‐magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Authors: Lundberg Jonas , Elander Anna , Soussi Bassam 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe aim of this study was to compare the ischemic and postischemic energetic changes of rat skeletal muscle in response to hypothermia or room temperature, monitored noninvasively and continuously by in vivo 31P‐magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P‐MRS). A model of pedicled rat rectus femoris muscle was developed and analyzed by in vivo 31P‐MRS at a magnetic field strength of 2.35 T. Measurements were performed at three time points: before ischemia, after 4 hours of ischemia, and after 1 hour of reperfusion. Three groups were studied: (1) sham‐operated rats (n = 6); (2) rats subjected to room temperature (24–26°C, n = 6); and (3) rats subjected to hypothermia (9–12°C, n = 6). Blood perfusion was measured by laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF). In the hypothermic group, phosphocreatine (PCr) recovered to 75% and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to 86%; in the room temperature group, the recovery was 53% and 51%, respectively (P < 0.05). Skeletal muscle subjected to hypothermia (9–12°C) was found to recover to a higher postischemic energetic level compared with skeletal muscle subjected to room temperature. Hypothermia appears to be a simple and eFFective method with which to reduce the damage related to ischemia and reperfusion. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MICROSURGERY 21:‐‐ 2001