bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The greenland caribou - zoogeography, taxonomy, and population dynamics
Authors: Meldgaard Morten 
Published: January 2024

A comprehensive survey of all available geological, archaeological, historical, ethnohistorical, statistical, and game-biological data concerning the past and present status and distribution of the Greenland caribou is given. Based on this information a reconstruction of postglacial caribou zoogeography is presented. The main conclusions are: (1) Prior to c. 6000 BC small (Rangifer tarandus pearyi sized) caribou migrated from Ellesmere Island into Greenland (three new C-14 datings are presented), (2) prior to c. 2000 BC large (Rangifer tarandus groenlandicus sized) caribou migrated across Nares Strait and/or across Davis Strait to the northern parts of West Greenland, (3) c. 1500 BC West Greenland was inhabited by both large and small caribou separated by Sukkertoppen Iskappe, (4) between c. 1500 BC and c. 1000 AD the small West Greenland caribou disappeared, (5) from c. 6000 BC to c. 1300 AD caribou have periodically inhabited North Greenland, (6) prior to c. 300 AD the isolated Ammassalik region was colonized by caribou either from Northeast Greenland or from Southwest Greenland. The Ammassalik caribou were quite dwarfish and they became extinct after c. 1100 AD (7 new C-14 datings are presented), (7) c. 1900 AD the small Northeast Greenland caribou became extinct, (8) through the last 1000 years the range of the Greenland caribou has been reduced through population extinctions starting in Southeast Greenland and progressing north and south along the coasts leading to the present concentrations in central West Greenland and Inglefield Land.
These major zoogeographical events are the result of recurring population fluctuations and related distributional changes. In West Greenland these fluctuations have been recorded through the last 250 years. A number of features characterize changes in population size and distribution: (1) The duration of a population cycle varies from 65 to 115 years, (2) population decrease (and increase) is drastic often exceeding 90% of the population, and in some cases extinction is the end result, (3) fluctuations in different caribou populations in major geographical areas appear to be synchronized, (4) when the populations increase in numbers they expand their ranges while range contraction is associated with population declines.
The population fluctuations are primarily caused by climatic changes and secondarily by predation, overgrazing, and other factors.
Hybridization, introgression and taxonomy of the Mountain birch in SW Greenland compared with related results from Iceland and Finnish Lapland
Authors: Sulkinoja Matti 
Published: January 2024

Samples from birch populations were collected in Qingua-dalen and Narssarssuaq during the excursion of SBP (the Subarctic Birch Project) to SW Greenland 1984. In Qingua-dalen, where the environmental conditions are more favourable, the stems of the Mountain birch (Betula pubescens ssp. tortuosa) are taller and thicker and the leaf size is larger than in populations at Narssarssuaq. Intermediate forms – probably introgressions - between B. pubescens and B. glandulosa were found in both populations.
According to cytological investigations of Qingua-dalen populations, the putative hybrids between B. glandulosa (2n = 28) and B. pubescens (2n = 56) were found to be triploids (2n = 42). Seeds collected from hybrids did not germinate but the germination of the Mountain birch was also extremely low in 1984. In the same year, B. glandulosa produced abundantly seeds with high germination percentage. Germination experiments with seeds collected in 1982 and 1985 indicated that under climatically favourable conditions Mountain birch produces viable seeds. Reproduction through vegetative means was found to be strong in all birch taxa.
Considerable differences have been found between the provenances of birches from SW Greenland and Finland in cultivation experiments carried out since 1976 in South and North Finland. The clones of B. pubescens and B. glandulosa, originating from Kangerdluarssuk , mature very late in autumn and the shoots above snow level were badly frostdamaged during the winter. This was particularly noticeable for B.
pubescens in test fields in Lapland. The plants have survived, however, by means of re-suckering and started flowering at an early stage producing viable seeds. Probably no reproductive barriers between birches of the two geographically isolated areas, SW Greenland and Finland, have developed.
An annotated checklist to the birds of Greenland
Authors: Boertmann David 
Published: January 2024

The most recent total account of the birds of Greenland was published in the late sixties (Salomonsen 1967). Since that, major changes have been recorded in the status and occurrence of several species. One species have disappeared (Barrow's Golden eye) and 28 new vagrants have been added to the list.
This checklist gives a current account on the birds occurring in Greenland. 235 species have been recorded. About 58 are well established breeders, c. 17 are regular (some numerous) visitors and the rest are more or less rare vagrants. Some of the visitors may breed occasionally and some are probably in the initiating phase of an immigration to Greenland. Although many vagrants have only been recorded once, some of them may occur more commonly or even annually.
The present status is described for each species and if possible also population numbers and trends. When relevant, issues as subspecies, habitats and migration are discussed or described briefly.
Variation of the population structure of Polygonum viviparum L. in relation to certain environmental conditions
Authors: Petersen Peter Milan 
Published: January 2024

Populations of Polygonum viviparum L. have been studied at Godhavn in Greenland (69° 14' N, 53° 31 ' W), at 30 sites within an investigation area of approx. six km2. At each site, the age structure of the population was described after the individuals had been classified on the basis of the morphology of the rhizome. Other population parameters investigated are the total number of individuals (1 - 2,860 per m2), number of recently established individuals (0 - 1,720 per m2), number of flowering individuals (0 - 850 per m2), number of bulbils produced (0 - 17,870 per m2), and dry weight of standing crop (0.6 - 281 g per m2); the numbers in the brackets give the total range for the 30 sites. The flowering individuals have been characterized by the age class in which flowering first occurs, the mean dry weight of the vegetative parts (0.06 - 0.94 g) and the mean number of bulbils (9± 4 - 114 ± 46).

The environmental parameters studied include height above sea level, slope and direction of slope, soil water content, loss on ignition, bulk density, pH, exchangeable K, 0.2 N H2S04-soluble P, C/N, soil temperature, time of disappearance of the snow, soil movement, and degree of cover of the vegetation. The sites have been assigned to six groups which are defined with emphasis on those factors which are assumed to be limiting: 1. Sites with soil movement, 2. Sites where the snow is late in disappearing, 3. Sites with waterlogged soil, 4. Well-drained sites on level or slightly sloping ground, 5. Steep slopes, exposed to the sun, and 6. Sites where competition for light is an important factor. Within each of the groups, the sites show a number of common features, especially as regards relative values referring to the population structure, and various features characterizing the plants. It is suggested that the large variation in the population parameters mentioned above occurs mainly because individuals of Polygonum viviparum of a different age are in a different way and to a different degree influenced by the environmental conditions. At the same time, the bulbil gain from and loss to the surroundings is stressed as important for the size of a population.
The annual cycle of temperature, salinity, currents and water masses in Disko Bugt and adjacent waters, West Greenland
Authors: Andersen Ole G. Norden 
Published: January 2024

All available data on bathymetry, temperature, salinity and currents up until and including 1975 are used in describing the seasonal changes and dynamics of the hydrography of Disko Bugt, the Vaigat and adjacent glacier and non glacier fjords. From a winter situation with well mixed -1.75°C cold water in the upper c. 100 m steep halo-and thermoclines develop during the summer between freshened and heated surface water leaving Disko Bugt and deeper more saline water entering from the West Greenland Current. Huge ice bergs have a decisive cooling effect upon the upper 150-200 m affecting the outflowing current as well as the inflowing water which is responsible for the high bottom temperatures and salinities (up to 3.5°C and 34-34.5‰ at 300-500 m) found the year round, and which contributes to raising the temperature in the upper 200 m in the summer, especially in the southern and eastern part of the bay and even into the Vaigat.
Surface temperatures reach 12°C in the offshore waters of the bay where salinities may drop to 30‰, and inshore in the more diluted waters of Disko Fjord temperatures may even reach 14°C, whereas in the glacier fjords, where surface salinities come close to zero, 4°C is the highest temperature recorded and subzero temperatures are found even in July. An extensive upwelling of W Greenland water occurs in the northern part of the bay during the summer and fall and similar phenomena occur in Disko Fjord, driven by winds and apparently linked to tidal rhythms. Although TS diagrams show that deep Disko Bugt water and Baffin Bay water is of common origin, no water seems to enter Disko Bugt from Baffin Bay or from the Baffin Current.
Marine Rotifera from Ikka Fjord, SW Greenland. With the description of a new species from the rare mineral ikaite
Authors: Sørensen Martin Vinther , Kristensen Reinhardt Møbjerg 
Published: January 2024

The rotifers from Ikka Fjord, SW Greenland are described. The descriptions are based on light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy of whole mounted animals and of isolated trophi. A new marine rotifer, Notholca
ikaitophila n. sp., was discovered inside the ikaite columns and from ikaite sand during this meiofauna investigation. The presence of movable lateral spines suggests a close relationship to the Notholca striata group. A full description of the new species is given. Beside the new species, eight other rotifer species, including four planktonic species, were found. Six of these are new to Greenland.
Beside the rotifer descriptions, notes are given on macro- and meiofauna in the fjord. An ecological note regarding the unique habitat for the meiofauna inside the ikaite columns is given for the first time. The interstitial meiofauna inside the ikaite columns is totally different from the eumarine meiofauna found on the surface of the ikaite columns.
Studies on some Arctic and Baltic Astarte species (Bivalvia, Mollusca)
Authors: Petersen G. Høpner 
Published: January 2024

Some species in the Arctic and Baltic Astarte - complexes have been described or redescribed.
From the Arctic A. borealis - complex: A. borealis (Schumacher, 1817), A. jenseni n. sp., A. nuuki n. sp., A. moerchi n.sp., A. sericea Posselt 1895.
From the Arctic A. elliptica - complex: A. elliptica (Brown, 1827), A. neocrassa n. sp., A. longa n. sp., A. vaigati n. sp.
In the Baltic Sea the former "A. borealis" - complex has been substituted by 6 species: A. bornholmi n. sp., A. silki n. sp., A. belti n. sp., A. fjordi n. sp., A. Jalsteri n. sp., A. nordi n. sp.
Part of the Baltic A. elliptica / A. sulcata - complex is studied: A. elliptica (Brown, 1827), A. anholti n. sp., A. klinti n. sp. and A. sulcata (da Costa 1778).
A few notes on the A. montagui - complex and the A. crenata - complex have been added.
A checklist of the Greenland basidiomycetes
Authors: Borgen Thorbjørn , Elborne Steen A. , Knudsen Henning 
Published: January 2024

A checklist of 868 taxa of basidiomycetes from Greenland is presented including 847 species, 1 subspecies, 12 varieties and 8 forms. Of these, 172 taxa are reported for the first time from Greenland, not including the species reported as new to Greenland in other papers in these proceedings.
The list is based on records from the 120 references listed below, including original information on Greenland basidiomycetes, and on material in different herbaria, mainly the approximately 8.000 collections in the Botanical Museum in Copenhagen. The list serves as the base for a forthcoming funga.
The new combination Hemimycena albicolor (A. H. Sm.) Elborne is proposed.
Growth, production and carbon demand of macrofauna in Young Sound, with special emphasis on the bivalves Hiatella arctica and Mya truncata
Authors: Sejr Mikael K. , Christensen Peter B. 
Published: January 2024

Composition, abundance and biomass of macrobenthos in the outer part of a NE Greenland fjord, Young Sound (74°18’N, 20°18’W) were examined by grab sampling and photography along six transects, each with a depth range of 10 to 60 m.
We found a species-rich fauna, dominated by brittle stars and bivalves. Annual growth and production of two bivalve species, Mya truncata and Hiatella arctica, were estimated by analysis of shell increments. Both species exhibited growth patterns typical of the Arctic, i.e. long life span and low annual growth. To investigate the exceptionally slow growth of H. arctica, laboratory experiments were conducted. Food availability was identified as the primary constraint on annual growth, whereas low temperature caused lower energy requirements and hence prolonged the growth season for bivalves. The strong influence of food limitation was also demonstrated in a study of the year-to-year variation in growth of M. truncata.
A relative growth index was constructed for the period 1962–2000 based on measurements of individual increments. The index demonstrated a significant influence of ice cover on growth of bivalves, suggesting that the length of the ice-free season, which determines phytoplankton production, affects the growth pattern. Carbon demands of dominant species were estimated by three empirical models available in the literature and used to evaluate the role of the benthos in carbon cycling. Modelled carbon demands for M. truncata and H. arctica were well above those derived from actual production estimates from Young Sound.
A conservative approach was adopted based on minimum estimates yielding an average of 15 mg C m-2 d-1 for the macrobenthos. Taking into account the different approaches used, the carbon demand of macrobenthos in Young Sound is among the highest reported from the Arctic.
Tunable theranostics: innovative strategies in combating oral cancer
Authors: Uthman Asmaa , AL-Rawi Noor , Saeed Musab Hamed , Eid Bassem , Al-Rawi Natheer H. 
Published: January 2024

Objective
This study aims to assess and compare the potential of advanced nano/micro delivery systems, including quantum dots, carbon nanotubes, magnetic nanoparticles, dendrimers, and microneedles, as theranostic platforms for oral cancer. Furthermore, we seek to evaluate their respective advantages and disadvantages over the past decade.

Materials and Methods
A comprehensive literature search was performed using Google Scholar and PubMed, with a focus on articles published between 2013 and 2023. Search queries included the specific advanced delivery system as the primary term, followed by oral cancer as the secondary term (e.g., “quantum dots AND oral cancer,” etc.).

Results
The advanced delivery platforms exhibited notable diagnostic and therapeutic advantages when compared to conventional techniques or control groups. These benefits encompassed improved tumor detection and visualization, enhanced precision in targeting tumors with reduced harm to neighboring tissues, and improved drug solubility and distribution, leading to enhanced drug absorption and tumor uptake.

Conclusion
The findings suggest that advanced nano/micro delivery platforms hold promise for addressing numerous challenges associated with chemotherapy. By enabling precise targeting of cancerous cells, these platforms have the potential to mitigate adverse effects on surrounding healthy tissues, thus encouraging the development of innovative diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for oral cancer.
Trends and Pattern of Poultry Production and Development in India, Special Reference to Karnataka
Authors: Veeresh  , Lokesh G. B.  , Sreedhara J. N.  , Deshmanya Jagrati B. , Jainuddin S. M. 
Published: January 2024

Poultry farming in India, in spite of several hurdles, has progressed considerably during the last decade. The present study has been done to investigate many areas of the country's poultry production growth and development. Until recently, poultry production in India was limited to backyards. The study examined the trends and patterns of poultry population in Karnataka and in India. Secondary data was collected from the various livestock census reports from 1997 to 2019. Compound annual growth rate (CAGR) analysis is used to achieve the objective. The results revealed that the Karnataka’s total poultry population was 213.99 lakh during 1997 census increased to 594.94 lakh in 2019. Kolar district has registered highest population of poultry 86.08 lakh accounting for 14.47 per cent of state population. The overall growth rate of all the districts of Karnataka was 32.67 per cent over years, whereas Kolar district stands in first position with a highest positive growth rate of 69.90 per cent.The country’s poultry population has increased marginally from 3476.1 lakh in 1997 to 8078.9 lakh in 2019. Among states Tamil Nadu (14.73%) has registered highest poultry population.The country’s overall growth rate was 22.57 per cent during 1997 to 2019. The study conclude that poultry sector plays an important role in economy by providing gainful employment. and supplementary income to the farmers in the rural areas. Among states, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Telangana were major states have registered highest poultry population. It is suggested promote the poultry development with incentive schemes in less aspirational districts and states which increase employment and income with nutritional security.
Prevalence and Trend of Urinary Schistosomiasis in West Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Adedze-Kpodo Robert Kwashie , Ewusie Ebenezer Ato , Odonkor Stephen Tawiah 
Published: January 2024

Background: Urinary schistosomiasis remains a major cause of public health concern with the global burden predominant in Sub-Sahara Africa. Over 78 countries are affected and approximately 800 million people are exposed to the disease in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) accounting for 90% of cases and an estimated 280,000 deaths each year. The disease poses a substantial public health challenge causing an estimated 70 million Disability-Adjusted Life Years. There is however no consolidated data on the prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis in West Africa.
Aim: This study assessed the prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis in West Africa.
Methods: This research employed a systematic literature review to meticulously gather and analyze existing data, with the primary aim of establishing the weighted prevalence of S. haematobium infection in West Africa rigorously adhering to the PRISMA guidelines between March 1 and March 12, 2023, spanning key databases including MEDLINE via PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Prevalence metrics were presented using proportion. Random effects model was used as significantly large heterogeneity was observed among the studies. The DerSimonian-Laird random effects method was used as the between study variance estimator in estimating the pooled proportion estimate and its confidence interval. Publication bias was assessed using the Egger’s test and the Beggs test as well as funnel plots. The MedCalc statistical software version 14 and OpenMeta [Analyst] meta-analysis tools were used for the meta-analysis. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: This review included 133 articles out of which 91 (68.40%) representing the majority were contributed by Nigeria. Overall, this review comprised 126508 participants out of which 40019 were identified to be infected with S. haematobium. The pooled prevalence based on the random effect model was 37.6% (95%CI: 33.9% - 41.3%). Pooled prevalence rates of 41.4% (95% CI: 36.1% - 46.7%), 40.2% (95% CI: 24.7% – 55.6%) and 23.9% (95% CI: 16.8% - 30.9%) were recorded among rural, suburban and urban dwellers respectively. A meta regression analysis revealed a significantly decreasing trend in the prevalence of schistosomiasis with advancement in year of publication (Coeff. -0.007, p=0.004).
Conclusion: The result from this study highlights the positive impact of control measures instituted in fighting urinary schistosomiais in West Africa. Targeted interventions, especially in rural areas may further aid in the elimination of the schistosomiasis menace in the subregion. Age-specific disparities underscore the need for tailored approaches. This review emphasizes the importance of sustained control measures and continued research to achieve long-term disease reduction and, ultimately, elimination.
Population Dynamics and Sustainable Management of the Blue Runner Caranx crysos (Mitchill,1815) within Côte d’Ivoire’s Coastal Waters
Authors: Bakari Coulibaly , Léonard Tah , Soumaila Sylla , Tidiani Kone , Paul Kouamelan Essétchi 
Published: January 2024

Background and objectives: The blue runner Caranx crysos is exploited by artisanal marine fisheries but the knowledge on its population dynamic, is still sketchy. The present work was conducted to obtain information on population parameters and assess the stock of the species within Côte d’Ivoire’s coastal waters.
Methodology: Fish were caught using gill nets in several sampling sites and then measured to the nearest mm and weighted to the nearest g. Data on fish length measurement were recorded during the period from April 2022 to May 2023, followed by the analysis of the recorded values with FiSAT.
Results: The asymptotic length (L∞), the growth rate (K), the growth performance index (Ø'), the theoretical age (t0) and the maximum age (Tmax) obtained from length frequency data were 38.85 cm, 0.70 per year, 3.02, -0.12 year and 4.18 year respectively. From the study the total mortality rate (Z) estimated was 2.33 year-1, the natural mortality rate (M) was 1.75 year-1 and fishing mortality (F) was 0.58 year-1. The current level of the exploitation rate (E) and the maximum exploitation rate (E max) were estimated as 0.25 and 0.42 respectively indicating a low exploitation of Caranx crysos within Côte d’Ivoire’s coastal waters.
Conclusion: Although Caranx crysos was underfished, fishing effort must be carefully monitored as well as a policy of adherence to conventional mesh sizes for responsible management of the fishery.