bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Why Kids Should Play with Their Phone During Dinner: Active Engagement Can Decrease Food Consumption
Authors: Tal Aner , Wansink Brian 
Published: November 2023

Prior research has consistently demonstrated increased in food consumption under distraction (e.g., DeCastro and Brewer 1992; Hetherington et al. 2006; Wansink et al. 2004; Tal and Wansink 2014). In the current research, we aim to explore whether active engagement with content (vs. passive consumption) leads to opposite effects.For‐credit participants (N = 86) snacked on 62 gram bowls of M&Ms while undergoing distraction. Half were instructed to go online with their smartphones and visit websites they like, and the other half were left with no special instructions (control). We measured leftover M&Ms. Participants who used their smartphones at 37% less (12 grams) than those in the control group (19 grams). The effect was significant at a .02 level, t(84) = 2.35.The study provides initial evidence that distractions that offer active (vs. passive) engagement may have different effects than passive distractions. Past research has consistently demonstrated increases in food consumption due to distraction (Wansink et al. 2004). However, in the current study we found that actively engaging with content as happens during online browsing may lead to effects that are the reverse of regular, passive distraction. Future research should replicate these effects and explore what types of distractions in particular may lead to reversal of the regular effects of distraction.
Relationship between polyphenol consumption and physical activity and sleep
Authors: Grobe Stephanie , teRiele JoAnne , Martin Rebecca , Boolani Ali 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between polyphenol consumption, physical activity, and hours of sleep.MethodologyParticipants (n=912; Males=555, Females=357; age=21.18±4.85 years, BMI=25.10±5.06) were administered an online survey that included questions about: polyphenol (caffeine, fruit, vegetable, energy beverages, and chocolate) consumption frequency; physical activity frequency and duration; and number of hours slept on a typical night. A bi‐variate Pearson correlation was used to determine relationships between polyphenol consumption, number of minutes of moderate (MPA) and high (HPA) intensity physical activity/week, and number of hours of sleep.ResultsAnalysis yielded statistically significant relationships between: energy drink consumption and sleep (p<.01, R=−0.15); fruit consumption and HPA (p<.01, R=0.095); vegetable consumption and HPA (p<.01, R=0.104) and MPA (p<.01, R=0.100); chocolate consumption and HPA (p<.01 and R=.105); and total polyphenol consumption and HPA (p<.01, R=0.134) and MPA (p<.01, R=0.095).ConclusionA positive relationship was noted between healthy eating habits and moderate to high intensity activity levels. People who eat healthier may also adopt healthier lifestyle habits such as exercise. However, results also indicate that increased energy beverage consumption will negatively correlate with the number of hours of sleep. These relationships should be farther explored because the survey administration was limited to a small town in upstate New York.Support or Funding InformationNo funding
Acute Effects of Wild Blueberry Intake on Metabolic Markers and Cognitive Performance in Middle‐Aged Adults
Authors: Rahman Sajida , Whyte Adrian , Huang Yancui , Williams Claire , Krikorian Robert , Burton‐Freeman Britt 
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUNDConsumption of polyphenols has been associated with improvements in cognitive function in children (aged 8–10 years old), young adults (18–21 years old) and older adults (65–80 years old). In this study, we investigated the effect of wild blueberry (WBB) consumption on cognitive performance in middle aged adults (45–60 years old) and examined the relationship of cognitive outcomes with metabolic control.METHODSIn this randomized, single‐blind, 2‐arm, cross‐over trial, 29 middle aged men and women were asked to consume a high carbohydrate, moderate fat meal with 1 cup fresh weight equivalent freeze dried WBB drink or control beverage (flavored lemonade). Cognitive tests measuring response interference, executive/working memory, and performance in learning, memory recall and recognition were performed immediately before and every 2 hours after meal consumption for 8 h. Blood samples were collected at defined time points over 8 h after meal intake.RESULTSPreliminary analysis showed significant effects for treatment (p=0.01) and time (p=0.02) with respect to response inhibition on a task assessing executive function. Response inhibition was significantly higher after WBB consumption compared to control (p<0.05) at the 2 hour time point and a trend for higher response inhibition was observed at the 4 hour time point (p = 0.08). Changes in postprandial insulin were significantly different by treatment (mean ± SE; WBB, 35.0 ± 3.0 uIU/mL, Control, 40.0 ± 3.0 uIU/mL, p=0.02) and time (p<0.0001), whereas glucose and TG were different by time only (p<0.0001 for both). Incremental area under the curve analysis also showed significantly reduced insulin exposure (control, 236.3 ± 32.7 uIU/mL*h vs WBB, 204.8 ± 33.4 uIU/mL*h, p=0.0431) with no significant change in glucose or TG (p>0.05) between WBB and control.CONCLUSIONThese results support a role of WBB in acute facilitation of cognitive performance on the more demanding conditions of a response inhibition task and enhancing insulin action when consumed with a meal in middle aged adults. These findings, in conjunction with similar reports in young and older aged groups, support the notion that wild blueberry supplementation can be beneficial with respect to neurocognitive and metabolic function throughout the life span.Support or Funding InformationWild Blueberry Association of North America
α‐Tocotrienol protects primary hippocampal neurons against oxidative stress‐mediated ΔN‐Bcl‐xL formation in the mitochondria
Authors: Park Han‐A , Jonas Elizabeth A 
Published: November 2023

The mitochondrial pro‐survival protein, B‐cell lymphoma‐extra large(Bcl‐xL) enhances energy metabolism and mitochondrial/neuronal function, but it is also capable of forming an N‐terminus cleaved‐, pro‐death fragment, ΔN‐Bcl‐xL, under excitotoxic stimulation. Neuroprotective properties of α‐tocotrienol (TCT) have been previously reported in both in vivo and in vitro systems. However, the mechanism of neuroprotection, particularly in mitochondrial targets, is not fully understood. In this study, we tested whether excitotoxic (glutamate)‐induced ΔN‐Bcl‐xL formation is mediated by redox homeostasis in neurons, and whether the neuroprotective properties of α‐TCT occur via regulation of ΔN‐Bcl‐xL formation in the mitochondria. Primary hippocampal neurons were treated with α‐TCT, glutamate, or a combination of both, and then assayed for caspase 3 and ΔN‐Bcl‐xL formation, mitochondrial function, redox status, and neuronal viability. Glutamate caused abnormalities in mitochondrial function leading to neuronal death. The antioxidant α‐TCT protected neurons from glutamate‐induced mitochondrial dysfunction and cytotoxicity. α‐TCT treatment protected against cleavage of full length anti‐apoptotic Bcl‐xL to form pro‐death ΔN‐Bcl‐xL. α‐TCT significantly attenuated glutamate‐induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation in primary hippocampal neurons, reduced caspase 3 activation at the mitochondria and reduced‐ΔN‐Bcl‐xL formation at the mitochondria. Our data suggest that mitochondrial ROS production is responsible for glutamate‐induced ΔN‐Bcl‐xL expression. We find that ΔN‐Bcl‐xL is formed at mitochondria, suggesting that caspase 3 is activated there to cleave a specific mitochondrial protein, full length Bcl‐xL. Clearance of mitochondrial ROS may be an important protective mechanism against ΔN‐Bcl‐xL‐mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal death.Support or Funding InformationNIH NS045876
The Loss of Copper and the Increase in COMMD‐1 in Ischemic Hearts of Mice
Authors: Li Kui , Li Chen , Hu Sheng , Fu Chunyan , Kang Y. James 
Published: November 2023

Myocardial ischemia is accompanied by the loss of copper. The present study was undertaken to understand the relationship between copper loss and alterations in copper efflux transporters. Male mice (C57 BL/6J) were subjected to left anterior descending artery (LAD) ligation to induce myocardial ischemia. The heart was harvested at different time points after the operation. Copper concentration in the heart was measured by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). Copper metabolism MURR1 domain (COMMD‐1) mRNA and protein levels were determined by RT‐PCR and western blot. Copper concentrations in the infarct area were decreased at the 4th day after ischemia, and further decreased thereafter. Prior to the gradually decreasing in copper concentrations, COMMD‐1 protein level was significantly increased at the 1st day in the infarct area. The result suggests that during the process of myocardial infarction, COMMD‐1 might play a key role in the loss of copper.Support or Funding InformationThis study is supported by National Science Foundation of China (81230004).
Loss of ZIP12 Leads to Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Reduced Neurite Outgrowth in Neuro‐2A Neuroblastoma Cells
Authors: Tang Tony Z. , Hart Matthew D. , Nacke Mariah R. , Wu Lei , Fiddler Joanna L. , Clarke Stephen L. , Smith Brenda J. , Lin Dingbo , Chowanadisai Winyoo 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionZinc is an essential micronutrient needed for proper neuronal development and brain function. Previous studies on the zinc transporter gene, ZIP12, have shown that it is necessary for neuronal development. However, it is not known what cellular processes require ZIP12 for neuronal function.MethodsLoss of ZIP12 function in Neuro‐2A cells was achieved by ZIP12‐targeted shRNA depletion via plasmid transfection or the generation of a ZIP12 knockout (KO) cell line by Cas9/CRISPR‐mediated genome editing. ZIP12‐depleted cells were differentiated in medium containing retinoic acid (2% fetal bovine serum in DMEM + 20 uM retinoic acid) for 48 hours and assayed for cellular oxygen respiration, a measure of mitochondrial function, using the Seahorse XFe96 flux analyzer or neurite length by microscopy using ImageJ software and the NeuronJ plugin. Different measures of mitochondrial function include maximal respiration, proton leak and ATP production capacity were assessed by the Seahorse flux analyzer. Sensitivity of ZIP12‐depleted cells to a sublethal dose of rotenone, a mitochondrial inhibitor, was measured by incubating ZIP12‐depleted cells in 2.5 nM rotenone for 48 hours in differentiating media, followed by neurite imaging. The effect of ZIP12 KO on mitochondrial abundance during differentiation was quantified by Mitotracker Green fluorescence staining relative to Hoescht 33342 nuclear dye intensity, as measured using the BioTek Synergy HT plate reader. The effect of ZIP12 KO on neurite length during differentiation was also determined.ResultsZIP12‐targeted shRNA depletion resulted in reduced ATP production, proton leak and maximal respiration of mitochondria compared to control shRNA transfected cells, as measured by the Seahorse flux analyzer. Rotenone exposure during differentiation resulted in significantly shorter neurites in ZIP12 shRNA transfected cells. Similarly, the ZIP12 KO cells displayed blunted neurite extension during differentiation compared to uncut control cells with functional ZIP12. Furthermore, mitochondrial abundance of ZIP12 KO cells during differentiation was also significantly decreased.ConclusionsLoss of function of ZIP12 impairs neuronal development and mitochondrial function in Neuro‐2A cells during differentiation. ZIP12 may play an important role in the regulation of mitochondria which subsequently affects proper neuronal development.Support or Funding InformationThis work was supported by Faculty Startup funds from the Oklahoma State University Office of Research and a grant from the Oklahoma Center for the Advancement of Science and Technology (HR16‐060).
Modifiers of the Effect of Maternal Multiple Micronutrient Supplementation: an individual patient data meta‐analysis of 17 randomized trials
Authors: Smith Emily R. , Shankar Anuraj , Wu Lee , Aboud Said , Adu‐Afarwuah Seth , Ali Hasmot , Apriatni Mandri , Arifeen Shams , Ashorn Per , Bhutta Zulfiqar A , Christian Parul , Devakumar Delanjathan , Dewey Kathryn G , Friis Henrik , Gomo Exnevia , Gupta Piyush , Kæstel Pernille , Kolsteren Patrick , Lanou Hermann , Maleta Kenneth , Mamadoultaibou Aissa , Msamanga Gernard , Osrin David , Persson Lars Åke , Ramakrishnan Usha , Rivera Juan A , Rizvi Arjumand , Sachdev HPS , Urassa Willy , West Keith P , Zagre Noel , Zeng Lingxia , Fawzi Wafaie , Sudfeld Christopher 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveTo identify individual‐level effect modifiers of the effect of multiple micronutrient supplementation (MMS) containing iron and folic acid (IFA) during pregnancy, compared to IFA alone, on the risk of stillbirth, infant mortality, and birth outcomes.MethodsWe performed an individual patient data meta‐analysis. Study‐specific estimates were generated, and we pooled subgroup estimates using fixed effects models.FindingsWe included 17 randomized controlled trials (including 112,953 pregnancies). MMS resulted in greater reductions in low birthweight (RR 0.81; 95% CI: 0.74–0.89), small‐for‐gestational age births (RR 0.91; 95% CI: 0.87–0.96), and six‐month mortality (RR: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.60–0.86) among anemic (hemoglobin <110g/L) as compared with non‐anemic pregnant women. MMS had a greater impact on preterm birth among underweight pregnant women (body mass index <18.5kg/m2) (RR: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.78–0.90) compared to those with BMI ≥18.5 (RR: 0.94; 95% CI 0.90–0.98) (p value heterogeneity 0.01). MMS provided significantly greater reductions in infant mortality for female (RR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.77–0.99) as compared to male infants (RR: 1.05; 95% CI: 0.93–1.18) (p value heterogeneity 0.04). In general, the survival and birth outcome effects of MMS were greater with high adherence (≥95%) to supplementation.ConclusionMMS produced greater birth outcome benefits for pregnant women with indicators of nutritional deficiency and improved survival for female infants.Support or Funding InformationNone.
Micro‐nutrient Supplementation Affects Mood Depending on Dopamine and Serotonin Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Associated with Psychiatric Symptoms
Authors: Benton David , Long Sara‐Jayne , Young Hayley Anne 
Published: November 2023

As a meta‐analysis found that micro‐nutrient supplementation improved mood (Long & Benton, 2013), to establish mechanisms and to pin‐point those more likely to benefit, the roles of various polymorphisms were examined. For three months in a double‐blind trial, 200 young healthy male adults took vitamin/mineral supplements or a placebo and ratings of mood were obtained. With rs1800497 (Taq1A; dopamine D2 receptors) those with the CT, but not other alleles, benefitted from supplementation. Similarly with rs1800955 (dopamine D4 receptor) those with the CC allele benefitted. Rs2550946 is associated with the dopamine transporter molecule (DAT1 – SLC6A3) and the reports of feeling depressed declined in those with the TT allele. When serotonin was considered there was an influence of rs1050565 (Human Serotonin Transporter gene); in those with the AA allele the consumption of vitamins/minerals rather than a placebo resulted in a significant improvement in mood, something not true in those with other genetic make ups. Thus gene/nutrition interactions were found where genes associated with psychiatric symptoms responded to micro‐nutrient supplementation.Support or Funding InformationThe research received no external funding
Improvement in Fatigue, Quality of Life and Cognitive Function Following Oral Iron Supplementation for Treatment of Iron Deficiency in Patients who have had Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Miller Nana Gletsu , Mischler Renee A , Armah Seth M , Redick Thomas , Rosen Arthur D , Choi Jennifer N 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundIron deficiency (ID) and associated anemia is common following bariatric surgery and patients experience fatigue, pica and anemia which impair quality of life. Oral iron supplementation is recommended as the first line of therapy, however its effectiveness on improvement of iron status and clinical symptoms is controversial.ObjectivesTo evaluate improvements in iron status as well as in perceived energy, quality of life and cognitive outcomes following treatment of ID using iron supplementation in gastric bypass (GB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG) patients.MethodsWomen who had undergone GB and SG previously and were ID were eligible. Iron status was determined using blood concentrations of ferritin, serum transferrin receptor and total iron binding capacity. Before and after 8 weeks of high dose oral iron supplementation using FeSO4, we determined quality of life (QOL), fatigue, and cognitive function, measured by Short Form health survey (SF‐36), Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory, and computerized tests (Psychomotor Vigilance), respectively. Mean and standard deviations are reported; Wilcoxson sign‐ranked tests were used.ResultsEight women completed the 8 week study; their characteristics were age 43.8 ± 4.9 years, body mass index 34.6 ± 5.7 kg/m2, and they were 8.4 ± 3.8 years post‐surgery. Resolution of ID and anemia occurred in 63% and 88% of participants. Concomitantly, participants experienced reduction in general fatigue (16.6 to 13.0, p=0.04) and energy‐based fatigue (28.1 to 45.0, p = 0.05); additionally emotional well‐being (71.1 to 79.4, p=0.07); as well as reaction time (75.5 [73.5, 77] to 78.5 [75.5, 79.5], p=0.07) tended to improve.ConclusionsOral iron supplementation is effective for resolution of ID in patients who have had bariatric surgery. Benefits of treatment include improvements in energy and QOL, and potentially in cognition, which support the recommendations for treatment of ID using oral iron supplementation.Support or Funding InformationPurdue University;• Clinical Research Center support (CRC) (Grant # UL1TR001108)
Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Indicators in Madagascar: Analysis of the Demographic and Health Survey
Authors: Rakotomanana Hasina , Gates Gail , Hildebrand Deana , Stoecker Barbara J 
Published: November 2023

Child nutrition during the first two years of life is critical for growth and development. The WHO developed a validated set of indicators to assess infant and child feeding practices across countries. The association between the WHO infant and young child feeding (IYCF) indicators and stunting was assessed using the latest Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data for Madagascar. Determinants of inappropriate child feeding practices were also identified for a total of 1956 infants aged 0–23 months included in the analysis. The rates of initiation of breastfeeding within one hour after birth (78.1%), continued breastfeeding at one year (99.6%) and timely introduction of solid, semi‐solid or soft foods at 6–8 months (77.2%) were high. Exclusive breastfeeding under 6 months (49%) was relatively low and attaining minimum dietary diversity (17.4%) and consumption of iron‐rich foods (1.8%) were extremely low. Stunting was not associated with any of the indicators assessed. Infants born to mothers who had first given birth at an age younger than 19 were more likely not to be breastfed within one hour after birth, not to be exclusively breastfed and not to have the recommended dietary diversity. A measure of low household resources was associated with higher odds of not meeting the minimum dietary diversity. The poor IYCF indicators confirm the need for more effective programs for improving child feeding practices in Madagascar. The identified risk factors for inappropriate feeding practices could be used in directing future nutrition sensitive and specific interventions.Support or Funding InformationFulbright Program for Foreign Students and Oklahoma State University
The Impact of Nutritional Interventions on Linear Growth After 2 y of Life: a Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Controlled Trials
Authors: Roberts Joseph L , Stein Aryeh D 
Published: November 2023

A large body of evidence suggests that the first 1000 days is a critical window in which interventions to address malnutrition will be most effective, but little is known about the impact on linear growth of nutritional interventions in children ≥2 y. The aim of this analysis was to evaluate the effectiveness of several nutrition‐based interventions, specifically (1) iron; 2) zinc; 3) calcium; 4) iodine; 5) vitamin A; 6) multiple (≥2) micronutrients; 7) protein; and 8) food, at improving growth in healthy children ≥2 y. A systematic search of MEDLINE and EMBASE retrieved 7,794 articles. A total of 69 studies met pre‐specified inclusion criteria. Data were pooled using the generic inverse variance method and expressed as standard mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Analyses were first conducted using a fixed effects model. If significant heterogeneity was observed (P‐value <0.05, I2 statistic >50%), analyses were repeated assuming a random effects model. Baseline height for age z‐score (HAZ), age, nutrient dose, study duration, and nutritional status were examined as potential sources of heterogeneity. Zinc (mean effect size 0.15; 95% CI: 0.06, 0.24), vitamin A (0.05, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.09), multiple micronutrient (0.26; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.39), and protein (0.68; 95% CI: 0.30, 1.05) had significant positive effects on linear growth with baseline HAZ a significant inverse predictor of the effect size. Iron (0.10; 95% CI: −0.04, 0.24), calcium (0.03; 95% CI: −0.09, 0.14), iodine (0.07; 95% CI: −0.10, 0.25), and food‐based (0.19; 95% CI: −0.28, 0.66) interventions had no significant effect on growth. Age at baseline, study duration and dose were not related to effect size for any nutrient examined. Further restricting our analysis to study populations with baseline iron, calcium, and zinc deficiency did not alter our conclusions for each respective nutrient. Our study suggests that zinc, vitamin A, multiple micronutrient, and protein interventions delivered after 24 mo of age can have a positive effect on linear growth, especially in populations that have experienced growth failure.Support or Funding InformationThis work was supported by National Institutes of Health award T32 DK007734.