bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Voluntary exercise alters the cytoarchitecture of the adult dentate gyrus by increasing cellular proliferation, dendritic complexity, and spine density
Authors: Eadie Brennan D. , Redila Van A. , Christie Brian R. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractVoluntary exercise produces a dramatic increase in the number of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)‐positive cells in the adult dentate gyrus (DG); however, it has never been determined whether this increase reflects neurogenic activity or some exercise‐induced change in the metabolic processing of systemically injected BrdU. In these experiments, we show that 1) 200 mg/kg is a saturating dose for single injections of BrdU in both control and voluntary exercise animals; 2) there is significantly more cell labeling in animals that exercise when saturating doses of BrdU are employed; 3) high doses of BrdU do not affect the number, appearance, or distribution of labeled cells; 4) voluntary exercise leads to similar increases in the number of cells expressing Ki67, an intrinsic marker of cellular proliferation; 5) both dendritic length and complexity are significantly increased in the DG of animals that exercise; and 6) spine density is significantly greater on dendrites in the DG following voluntary exercise. This study demonstrates that exercise up‐regulates neurogenic activity in the DG of adult rats, independently of any putative changes in altered BrdU metabolism, and that it also substantially alters the morphology of dentate granule cell dendrites. The dramatic changes in the cytoarchitecture of the DG induced by voluntary exercise might underlie the enhancement of hippocampal long‐term potentiation and hippocampal‐dependent memory that our group has previously described. These results suggest that exercise may be an effective component of therapeutic regimes aimed at improving the functioning of individuals with neuropathologies that involve the degradation of cells in the hippocampus. J. Comp. Neurol. 486:39–47, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression patterns of the three Teashirt‐related genes define specific boundaries in the developing and postnatal mouse forebrain
Authors: Caubit Xavier , Tiveron Marie‐Catherine , Cremer Harold , Fasano Laurent 
Published: April 2005

AbstractWe compare the expression patterns of the three mouse Teashirt (mTsh) genes during development of the forebrain and at a postnatal stage. During development, mTsh genes are expressed in domains that are restricted both dorsoventrally and rostrocaudally, with major changes in expression level coinciding with compartment boundaries. Striking complementarities in the distribution of mTsh transcripts were observed in the developing diencephalon, telencephalon, and olfactory bulb (OB). A mTsh1‐positive cell population is part of the DLX‐positive population localized in the dorsalmost portion of the lateral ganglionic eminence (dLGE). Comparison of the mTsh1 expression domain with the domains of Er81 and Islet1, which mark two distinct progenitor populations in the subventricular zone of the LGE, suggests that mTsh1 marks OB interneuron progenitors. Furthermore, the distinct expression patterns of mTsh1 and mTsh2 in the ventral LGE and the dLGE highlight the differential contributions of these structures to the striatum and the amydaloid complex. For Sey/Sey mutants, we show that Pax6 function is critical for the correct specification of the mTsh1+ population in the dLGE during embryogenesis. At postnatal stages in the OB, mTsh1 is expressed in granule and periglomerular cells, which originate from the subpallium during development. Furthermore, mTsh1+ cells line the walls of the anterior lateral ventricle, a region that gives rise to the interneurons that migrate in the rostral migratory streams and populate the OB postnatally. Our results suggest a role for mTsh genes in the establishment of regional identity and specification of cell types in the developing and adult forebrain. J. Comp. Neurol. 486:76–88, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Retrograde tracing of the subset of afferent connections in mouse barrel cortex provided by zincergic neurons
Authors: Brown Craig E. , Dyck Richard H. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe barrel cortex of rodents is densely innervated by a prominent subclass of glutamatergic neurons that sequester and release zinc from their synaptic boutons. These neurons may play an important role in barrel cortex function and plasticity, as zinc has been shown to modulate synaptic function by regulating neurotransmitter release, excitatory and inhibitory amino acid receptors, and second messenger signaling cascades. Here, we utilized intracortical infusions of sodium selenite to identify the source of the zincergic innervation to the mouse barrel cortex. Our results demonstrate that the majority of zincergic projections to the barrel cortex arose from ipsilateral and callosal neurons, situated in cortical layers 2/3 and 6. Regionally, these labeled neurons were most abundant within the barrel cortex itself, posterior parietal association cortex, secondary somatosensory cortex, and motor cortex. Labeled neurons were also found in other somatosensory regions corresponding to the trunk, fore‐ and hindlimb, as well as more distant regions such as the visual, rhinal, dorsal peduncular and insular cortices, the claustrum, and lateral and basolateral amygdaloid nuclei. Further, some mice were injected with the retrograde tracer cholera toxin subunit B to compare retrograde labeling of zincergic neurons with that of the general population of neurons innervating the barrel cortex. Our data indicate that all cortical regions providing inputs to the barrel cortex possess a zincergic component, whereas those from thalamic or brainstem structures do not. These findings demonstrate that zincergic pathways comprise a chemospecific associational network that reciprocally interconnects the barrel cortex with other cortical and limbic structures. J. Comp. Neurol. 486:48–60, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Erratum: Brauth SE, Liang W, Amateau SK, Robert TF. 2005. Sexual dimorphism of vocal control nuclei in budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus) revealed with Nissl and NADPH‐d staining. J Comp Neurol 484: 15–27
Authors: Brauth Steven E. , Liang Wenru , Amateau Stuart K. , Roberts Todd F. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe original article to which this Erratum refers was published in The Journal of Comparative Neurology (2005) 484:157ndash;27.
Critical role for complement receptor 3 (CD11b/CD18), but not for Fc receptors, in killing of Streptococcus pyogenes by neutrophils in human immune serum
Authors: Nilsson Maria , Weineisen Maria , Andersson Tommy , Truedsson Lennart , Sjöbring Ulf 
Published: April 2005

AbstractDuring phagocytosis, surface receptors on neutrophils interact with pathogens opsonized with complement factor C3b/iC3b and in some cases with antibodies. In human immune sera antibodies directed against surface‐bound M proteins mediated killing of Streptococcus pyogenes by neutrophils. Surprisingly, blocking of the Fc receptors had little effect on the killing. In contrast, inhibition of C3b/iC3b generation, or blocking of the major neutrophil iC3b receptor CD11b/CD18, enabled S. pyogenes to grow efficiently in immune sera. Inhibition of CD11b/CD18, but not of CD32, the major neutrophil signaling Fc receptor, prevented Streptococcus‐induced NADPH oxidase‐dependent respiratory burst, and blocking of C3b/iC3b formation inhibited Streptococcus‐induced activation of Cdc42, a small GTPase critically involved in transmitting pro‐inflammatory signals to the cytoskeleton. Consequently, ligation of CD11b/CD18 by bacteria‐bound iC3b is necessary for inducing a neutrophil response leading to elimination of S. pyogenes in immune human serum.
Papillomavirus virus‐like particles induce cytokines characteristic of innate immune responses in plasmacytoid dendritic cells
Authors: Lenz Petra , Lowy Douglas R. , Schiller John T. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractHuman papillomavirus (HPV) virus‐like particles (VLP) are being extensively tested as vaccines for the prevention of HPV‐associated cervical cancer. Dendritic cells (DC) acquire and present antigens, initiating innate and adaptive immune responses. It has been shown previously that DC of the myeloid lineage are capable of generating adaptive immune responses to HPV VLP in vitro. However, the capacity of plasmacytoid DC (pDC) to acquire HPV VLP and the nature of the immune response generated have not been reported. In this study we found that freshly isolated as well as CpG‐matured pDC bind papillomavirus VLP and that internalization occurs preferentially in the immature pDC. In contrast to myeloid DC, pDC did not undergo phenotypic maturation upon exposure to HPV16 VLP. However, HPV16 VLP induced pDC to secrete of IFN‐α and IL‐6, both cytokines that play a role in the generation of antibody responses, as well as TNFα and IL‐8. Given that VLP do not contain viral nucleic acids, these results indicate that viral capsids alone may be capable of inducing cytokine production by pDC. Finally, CpG‐activated pDC, but not pDC exposed to HPV16 VLP, activated lymphocytes to secrete IL‐10 and low levels of IFN‐γ. Together these findings suggest a possible immunogenic effect of pDC in the setting of VLP vaccination.
Substance P regulates natural killer cell interferon‐γ production and resistance to Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection
Authors: Lighvani Shahrzad , Huang Xi , Trivedi Prachi P. , Swanborg Robert H. , Hazlett Linda D. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractStudies have shown that after Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) corneal infection, BALB/c mice that are capable of resolving the disease, locally produce IFN‐γ. As T cells are not detected in the infected cornea of these mice, antibody depletion was used to test whether NK cells produce the cytokine. After depletion, decreased corneal IFN‐γ mRNA and increased disease severity, bacterial load, and PMN infiltrate resulted. Further work determined if substance P (SP), a pro‐inflammatory neuropeptide, participated in regulation of this response. To this end, mice were treated with the SP antagonist, spantide I that blocks SP interaction with neurokinin‐1, its major receptor. The treatment significantly decreased corneal IFN‐γ and IL‐18 protein levels and corneal perforation resulted. In vitro experiments using isolated splenic NK cells confirmed their ability to respond to IL‐18 and SP and to secrete IFN‐γ protein. We conclude: that for development of the BALB/c resistance response, NK cells are required to produce IFN‐γ; that the cells express the neurokinin‐1 receptor; and that SP directly regulates IFN‐γ production through this receptor. The data suggest a unique link between the nervous system and development of innate immunity in the cornea.
CD8+ T cell responses to human immunodeficiency viruses type 2 (HIV‐2) and type 1 (HIV‐1) gag proteins are distinguishable by magnitude and breadth but not cellular phenotype
Authors: Gillespie Geraldine M. A. , Pinheiro Susana , Sayeid‐Al‐Jamee Mohammad , Alabi Abraham , Kaye Steve , Sabally Sehu , Sarge‐Njie Ramu , Njai Harr , Joof Ken , Jaye Assan , Whittle Hilton , Rowland‐Jones Sarah , Dorrell Lucy 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe mechanisms underlying the relatively slow progression of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV‐2) compared with HIV‐1 infection are undefined and could be a result of more effective immune responses. We used HIV‐2 and HIV‐1 IFN‐γ enzyme‐linked immunospot assays to evaluate CD8+ T cell responses in antiretroviral‐naive HIV‐2‐ (‘HIV‐2+’) and HIV‐1‐infected (‘HIV‐1+’) individuals. Gag‐specific responses were detected in the majority of HIV‐2+ and HIV‐1+ subjects. Overlapping gag peptide analysis indicated a significantly greater magnitude and breadth of responses in the HIV‐1+ cohort, and this difference was attributable to low responses in HIV‐2+ subjects with undetectable viral load (medians 2107 and 512 spot‐forming units per 106 PBMC, respectively, p=0.007). We investigated the phenotype of viral epitope‐specific CD8+ T cells identified with HLA‐B53‐ and HLA‐B58‐peptide tetramers (8 HIV‐2+, 11 HIV‐1+ subjects). HIV‐2‐specific CD8+ T cells were predominantly CD27+ CD45RA–, and only a minority expressed perforin. The limited breadth and low frequency of CD8+ T cell responses to HIV‐2 gag in aviremic HIV‐2+ subjects suggests that these responses reflect antigen load in plasma, as is the case in HIV‐1 infection. Immune control of HIV‐2 does not appear to be related to the frequency of perforin‐expressing virus‐specific CD8+ T cells.
Novel tumor necrosis factor‐knockout mice that lack Peyer's patches
Authors: Kuprash Dmitry V. , Tumanov Alexei V. , Liepinsh Dmitry J. , Koroleva Ekaterina P. , Drutskaya Marina S. , Kruglov Andrei A. , Shakhov Alexander N. , Southon Eileen , Murphy William J. , Tessarollo Lino , Grivennikov Sergei I. , Nedospasov Sergei A. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractWe generated a novel tumor necrosis factor (TNF) null mutation using Cre‐loxP technology. Mice homozygous for this mutation differ from their “conventional” counterparts; in particular, they completely lack Peyer's patches (PP) but retain all lymph nodes. Our analysis of these novel TNF‐knockout mice supports the previously disputed notion of the involvement of TNF‐TNFR1 signaling in PP organogenesis. Availability of TNF‐knockout strains both with and without PP enables more definitive studies concerning the roles of TNF and PP in various immune functions and disease conditions. Here, we report that systemic ablation of TNF, but not the presence of PP per se, is critical for protection against intestinal Listeria infection in mice.
Preparation and Electrochemical Study of Fisetin Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode. Application to the Determination of NADH and Ascorbic Acid
Authors: Golabi S. M. , Irannejad L. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractA new modified electrode, FMGCE, was prepared by electrodeposition of fisetin (F) at the surface of a preactivated glassy carbon electrode. Cyclic voltammetry was used to investigate the electrochemical properties of this electrode. The charge transfer rate constant, ks, and transfer coefficient, αs, for electron transfer between electrode substrate and surface deposited F were calculated as 16.34 s−1 and 0.54, respectively. The electrode ability towards the electrocatalytic oxidation of dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and ascorbic acid (AA) was also studied using cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry as diagnostic techniques. The catalytic currents of NADH and AA were used for determination of heterogeneous rate constant, kh, of these substrates oxidation at the surface of modified electrode. The diffusion coefficients of both substrates were also estimated using chronoamperometric results. Finally, FMGCE was used as voltammetric and amperometric sensors for determination of NADH and AA in quiet and moving solutions respectively. The calculated limit of detection of NADH and AA by voltammetry were 0.06 and 0.05 mM, respectively. While, these values decrease to 2.4 and 1.8 μM, respectively for an amperometric procedure. The latter method was used successfully for quantification of AA in some real samples.
Assessing a numerical cellular braided‐stream model with a physical model
Authors: Doeschl‐Wilson Andrea B. , Ashmore Peter E. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractA. B. Murray and C. Paola (1994, Nature, vol. 371, pp. 54–57; 1997, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, vol. 22, pp. 1001–1025) proposed a cellular model for braided river dynamics as an exploratory device for investigating the conditions necessary for the occurrence of braiding. The model reproduces a number of the general morphological and dynamic features of braided rivers in a simplified form. Here we test the representation of braided channel morphodynamics in the Murray–Paola model against the known characteristics (mainly from a sequence of high resolution digital elevation models) of a physical model of a braided stream. The overall aim is to further the goals of the exploratory modelling approach by first investigating the capabilities and limitations of the existing model and then by proposing modifications and alternative approaches to modelling of the essential features of braiding. The model confirms the general inferences of Murray and Paola (1997) about model performance. However, the modelled evolution shows little resemblance to the real evolution of the small‐scale laboratory river, although this depends to some extent on the coarseness of the grid used in the model relative to the scale of the topography. The model does not reproduce the bar‐scale topography and dynamics even when the grid scale and amplitude of topography are adapted to be equivalent to the original Murray–Paola results. Strong dependence of the modelled processes on local bed slopes and the tendency for the model to adopt its own intrinsic scale, rather than adapt to the scale of the pre‐existing topography, appear to be the main causes of the differences between numerical model results and the physical model morphology and dynamics. The model performance can be improved by modification of the model equations to more closely represent the water surface but as an exploratory approach hierarchical modelling promises greater success in overcoming the identified shortcomings. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modelling the hysteresis in the velocity pattern of slow‐moving earth flows: the role of excess pore pressure
Authors: van Asch T. W. J. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThis paper describes the velocity pattern of a slow‐moving earth flow containing a viscous shear band and a more or less rigid landslide body on top. In the case of small groundwater fluctuations, Bingham's law may describe the velocity of these slow‐moving landslides, with velocity as a linear function of excess shear stress. Many authors have stated that in most cases a non‐linear version of Bingham's law best describes the moving pattern of these earth flows. However, such an exponential relationship fails to describe the hysteresis loop of the velocity, which was found by some authors. These authors showed that the velocity of the investigated earth flows proved to be higher during the rising limb of the groundwater than during the falling limb.To explain the hysteris loop in the velocity pattern, this paper considers the role of excess pore pressure in the rheological behaviour of earth flows by means of a mechanistic model. It describes changes in lateral internal stresses due to a change in the velocity of the earth flow, which generates excess pore pressure followed by pore pressure dissipation. Model results are compared with a hysteresis in the velocity pattern, which was measured on the Valette landslide complex (French Alps). Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rock fragment distributions and regolith evolution in the Ouachita Mountains, Arkansas, USA
Authors: Phillips Jonathan D. , Luckow Ken , Marion Daniel A. , Adams Kristin R. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractRock fragments in the regolith are a persistent property that reflects the combined influences of geologic controls, erosion, deposition, bioturbation, and weathering. The distribution of rock fragments in regoliths of the Ouachita Mountains, Arkansas, shows that sandstone fragments are common in all layers, even if sandstone is absent in parent material. Shale and sandstone fragments are produced at the bedrock weathering front, but the shale weathers rapidly and intact fragments are rare in the solum. Sandstone is weathered from ridgetop outcrops and transported downslope. Some of these fragments are moved downward, by faunalturbation and by transport into pits associated with rotting tree stumps. Upward movement by treethrow is common, resulting in a net concentration of rocks near the surface. However, the highest fragment concentrations are in the lower regolith, indicating active production at the weathering front. The regolith is a dynamic feature, reflecting the influences of vertical and horizontal processes, of active weathering at the bedrock interface, and of surficial sediment movements. The role of trees in redistributing rock fragments suggests that significant regolith mixing occurs over time scales associated with forest vegetation communities, and that forest soils have likely been extensively mixed within Holocene and historic time. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Flow behaviour and runout modelling of a complex debris flow in a clay‐shale basin
Authors: Remaître Alexandre , Malet Jean‐Philippe , Maquaire Olivier , Ancey Christophe , Locat Jacques 
Published: April 2005

AbstractIdentification of debris‐flow hazard areas necessitates the knowledge of the flow thickness and the runout distance. Both have been investigated using a numerical runout model. On the Faucon stream (South French Alps), representative of clay‐shale basins, results of various rheological tests and numerical experiments are presented and discussed. The calibration of the model was undertaken using the results of both geomorphological surveys and sedimentological analyses. Rheological tests using either a parallel‐plate rheometer, a coaxial rheometer, slump tests, and an inclined plane were carried out on several samples. Results have shown that the flow behaviour could be described by an Herschel‐Bulkley constitutive equation. The rheological responses of several natural suspensions collected from surficial deposits (sandstones, moraines, weathered black marls) were also investigated. In order to model the runout of the flow, the model BING was used. The model describes well the influence of each type of sediment on the behaviour (runout distance, deposit thickness) of the flow, although the velocities were significantly overestimated. Different risk scenarios are tested and discussed. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.