bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abnormal nucleotide repeat sequence in the TGF‐βRII gene in hepatocellular carcinoma and in uninvolved liver tissue
Authors: Enomoto Akiya , Esumi Mariko , Yamashita Kazuya , Takagi Keiko , Takano Seigo , Iwai Shigetomi 
Published: January 2005

AbstractReplication error (RER)‐related genetic alterations are associated with a subset of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) with multiple primary cancers. This study investigated whether mutations in the nucleotide repeats of three putative target genes of RER are associated with hepatocarcinogenesis. The genes examined were those encoding transforming growth factor β type II receptor (TGF‐βRII), BCL‐2‐associated X protein (BAX), and insulin‐like growth factor II receptor (IGF‐IIR). Tumour and non‐tumour hepatic tissues were examined in 48 HCC patients, 34 with solitary HCC and 14 who had double cancer with gastric cancer. Four double‐cancer cases showed an abnormal signal in the single nucleotide repeat (A)10 of the TGF‐βRII gene. These four were among the six RER‐positive cases in this series. The genotypes of the poly A tract of the TGF‐βRII gene in the liver tumour tissue of the four cases with an abnormal signal were (A)9/10, (A)9/10, (A)9/10, and (A)9/9. Five uninvolved liver tissue specimens from these four patients showed (A)9/10 and (A)9/9, (A)9/10, (A)10/10 and (A)9/9, respectively. The genotype in the stomach cancer specimens of these four patients was (A)10/10, indicating no germline mutation of the TGF‐βRII gene. There were no mutations in the nucleotide repeats of the BAX and IGF‐IIR genes in any of the liver tissue specimens. Abnormality of the nucleotide repeat in the TGF‐βRII gene occurred in the uninvolved liver tissue as well as the HCC tissue in some HCC patients. Such genetic instability may be gene‐specific and tissue‐specific in carcinogenesis. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Co‐localization of multiple ErbB receptors in stratified epithelium of oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Bei Roberto , Pompa Giorgio , Vitolo Domenico , Moriconi Enrica , Ciocci Luciano , Quaranta Manlio , Frati Luigi , H Kraus Matthias , Muraro Raffaella 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe expression of all four ErbB receptors was compared by immunohistochemistry, using receptor‐specific polyclonal antisera, in 32 invasive, 11 in situ carcinomas, six benign lesions, and 22 samples of histologically normal mucosa adjacent to specimens of carcinoma originating from oral cavity epithelium. Among invasive and in situ carcinoma, EGFR expression was the most prevalent (in 29/32 and 8/11 cases, respectively) followed by ErbB2 (17/32 and 2/11) and ErbB4 (9/32 and 1/10), while ErbB3 was only detected in invasive tumours (12/32). Specific patterns included invasive tumours with expression of EGFR (8/32) or ErbB4 (1/32) alone, as well as different receptor combinations (EGFR+ErbB2, EGFR+ErbB4, EGFR+ErbB2+ErbB3, EGFR+ErbB2+ErbB4, and all four receptors). Simultaneous expression of three or four ErbB receptors correlated with tumour invasion (p=2.2×10−4) and localized in the intermediate epithelial cell layer of well and moderately differentiated tumours. No other significant correlation with clinico‐pathological features was noticed. Some benign lesions and histologically normal mucosa adjacent to carcinomas showed weak immunostaining of EGFR (10/28), ErbB2 (4/28) or ErbB4 (3/28). By comparison, overexpression, as indicated by increased staining intensity, was observed in invasive tumours for EGFR (18/32), ErbB2 (8/32), ErbB4 (3/32), and ErbB3 (3/32). Statistical evaluation demonstrated a significant association of EGFR or ErbB2 overexpression with invasive carcinoma when compared with benign lesions and apparently normal epithelium (p=5.2×10−7 and p=5×10−3, respectively). Tumour‐specific overexpression of ErbB receptors and their co‐expression, most frequently involving EGFR and ErbB2, in the same cell layer of neoplastic epithelium, implicate receptor heterodimers in the pathogenesis of oral squamous carcinoma. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Caspase activation during spontaneous and radiation‐induced apoptosis in the murine intestine
Authors: Marshman Emma , Ottewell Penelope D. , Potten Christopher S. , Watson Alastair J. M. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe aim of this study was to characterize the activation of caspase‐3 along the crypt/villus axis in the normal and irradiated intestine and to compare active caspase‐3 expression with existing apoptosis detection techniques. Small and large intestine were removed from mice at various time points after exposure to 8 Gy γ‐radiation. Positive apoptotic cells stained with an antibody against active caspase‐3, haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) or TUNEL were scored in histological sections of small and large intestinal crypts and villi. In the control intestine, active caspase‐3 expression was rarely observed; however, expression was markedly increased following exposure to radiation and was predominantly confined to apoptotic bodies. Measurement of apoptosis in intestinal crypts using active caspase‐3 expression gave similar results to apoptosis detected from H&E‐stained sections. In the normal villus, active caspase‐3 expression was observed infrequently and did not significantly increase following radiation, consistent with a lack of apoptotic body formation from H&E sections. This study indicates that caspase‐3 is activated in intestinal crypts but not in villi following γ‐radiation. Active caspase‐3 detection compared favourably with existing immunological techniques, suggesting that it is a suitable alternative method for apoptosis quantification. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Research using human tissues – a crisis of supply?
Authors: Furness Peter N. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractIt is a paradox that the pursuit of ethical practice can sometimes produce distinctly unethical results. Pathologists seek to study diseased human tissues for the benefit of mankind, but in the UK there has been a sudden restriction in the availability of this basic resource, supposedly on ethical grounds. This was triggered by adverse publicity about the inappropriate retention of whole organs at paediatric post‐mortem, but the reaction has spread to influence the use of ‘surgical waste’ left over after routine analysis of therapeutic resections, diagnostic biopsies, and even blood samples. The use of such material for research is being restricted, and its use in teaching and laboratory quality control is being questioned. This has occurred despite the facts that public opinion favours using such ‘waste’ material for research; that the tissues would otherwise be incinerated; and that until very recently, such tissues were regarded as having been ‘abandoned’ by the patient. This review attempts to chart how this dramatic change has occurred. It then considers some of the ethical problems in using such ‘surplus’ tissues and proposes mechanisms by which this valuable resource can remain available for most biomedical research, while maintaining or enhancing the autonomy of individual patients. This crisis has shown a tendency for regulatory authorities to apply very restrictive, oversimplified rules, without due consideration of the character of each project. The motivation is to avoid the possibility of media criticism, even though such rules block ethically sound work which is of value to all, including the individuals whose protection is supposedly being sought. The moral need for logical ethical arguments instead of such ‘one size fits all’ regulations is emphasized. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Viewing apoptosis through a ‘TUNEL’
Authors: Walker J. A. , Quirke P. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractApoptosis has an important role in carcinogenesis and cancer treatment. The end result of this complex pathway is the formation of apoptotic bodies. These can be difficult to quantify accurately, but quantitation is important if we wish to study this process. Several techniques are available which can help. ‘TUNEL’ is discussed, with its potential drawbacks, and newer antibody techniques, such as M30 and caspase 3, are then reviewed. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High‐risk HPV testing in women with borderline and mild dyskaryosis: long‐term follow‐up data and clinical relevance
Authors: Denise Zielinski G. , Snijders Peter J. F. , Rozendaal Lawrence , Voorhorst Feja J. , Runsink Arnold P. , de Schipper Frits A. , Meijer Chris J. L. M. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractIn The Netherlands and most other European countries, women with two serial cervical smears with borderline or mild dyskaryosis (BMD) within 6 months are referred for colposcopy‐directed biopsies. Only about 10% of these women have high‐grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). This study therefore investigated whether human papillomavirus (HPV) testing could identify which women with smears read as BMD are most likely to have high‐grade CIN, either at referral or during follow‐up and the relationship was determined between clearance of high‐risk HPV and regression of abnormal cytology. Women with smears read as BMD (n=278) were referred to the gynaecologist for colposcopy. They were subdivided into two groups; group A comprised women with a single smear (n=172) and group B women with two sequential smears (n=106) read as BMD before referral. High‐risk HPV detection with Hybrid Capture II (HC II) was performed on a cervical scrape taken at the first visit before colposcopy (i.e. baseline smear) and during follow‐up. Biopsies were taken when lesions suspected for CIN were seen at colposcopy. High‐risk HPV DNA was present in the baseline smears of 126 (45.0%) women; 26 (20.6%) of them had histologically confirmed CIN 2/3 at the first visit and another 14 (11.1%) during follow‐up. Only one of the 152 women (0.7%) with a negative high‐risk HPV test had a CIN 2 lesion at the first visit and no CIN lesions were detected during follow‐up of these women. After exclusion of women who were treated for prevalent high‐grade CIN, the median follow‐up times were 1.3 years (range 0.0–4.3 years) and 1.6 years (range 0.0–4.5 years) for women with HPV‐negative and HPV‐positive baseline smears, respectively. The sensitivity of a positive high‐risk HPV test for CIN 2/3 at the first visit was 96.3%, the specificity 60.2%, the positive predictive value 20.6%, and the negative predictive value 99.3%. These values did not change markedly when stratified for group A or group B. Thus, a high‐risk HPV positive test was strongly associated with the presence at the first visit and the development of CIN 2/3 lesions during follow‐up. Moreover, regression of abnormal cytology in women with a positive high‐risk HPV test at baseline was strongly associated with viral clearance and occurred 0.3 years (range −1.2 to 1.7 years) later than HPV clearance. This study establishes the value of a high‐risk HPV positive test for women at risk of high‐grade CIN, with virtually no risk for missing CIN 2/3. Addition of a test on high‐risk HPV in women with BMD could prevent 55% of the referrals and/or repeat smears. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identiﬁcation by HPLC‐PAD‐MS and quantiﬁcation by HPLC‐PAD of phenylethanoid glycosides of five Phlomis species
Authors: Kırmızıbekmez Hasan , Montoro Paola , Piacente Sonia , Pizza Cosimo , Dönmez Ali , Çalış İhsan 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe qualitative and quantitative determination of phenylethanoid glycosides in methanolic extracts of ﬁve species of the genus Phlomis (Lamiaceae) has been investigated using a new reversed‐phase HPLC method combined with photodiode‐array detection and electrospray/MS analysis. Forsythoside B, verbascoside, samioside, alyssonoside, isoverbascoside, leucosceptosides A and B and martynoside were detected. The quantiﬁcation of the above constituents was performed using echinacoside as internal standard. Knowledge of the content of phenylethanoid glycosides contributes to the chemotaxonomy of the genus. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Batch solvent extraction of flavanolignans from milk thistle (Silybum marianum L. Gaertner)
Authors: Wallace Sunny N. , Carrier Danielle J. , Clausen Edgar C. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractSeeds of milk thistle (Silybum marianum L. Gaertner) contain silymarins and ca. 25% (w/w) of oil. A pre‐treatment step involving reﬂuxing with petroleum ether is usually performed before extraction of the silymarins using organic solvents. This paper compares the extraction of whole and defatted milk thistle seeds in various solvents as a function of temperature. The extraction of whole seeds of milk thistle with water at 50, 70 and 85°C was also examined: the yield of silymarin increased with increasing water temperature. In most cases, ethanol at 60°C recovered the largest quantities of silymarins. However, boiling water proved to be an efﬁcient extraction solvent for the more polar silymarins such as taxifolin and silychristin, even when using whole seeds. Extractions of defatted seed meal with boiling ethanol returned maximum yields of 0.62, 3.89, 4.04, and 6.86 mg/g defatted seed of taxifolin, silychristin, silybinin A and silybinin B, respectively. When extracting defatted seed meal with ethanol, yields of taxifolin, silybinin A and silybinin B were, respectively, 6.8‐, 0.95‐, 1.7‐ and 1.6‐fold higher than when extracting whole seeds. When extracting with boiling water, the yields of silychristin, silybinin A, and silybinin B were 380, 47 and 50% higher for whole seeds compared with defatted seeds. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantitative determination of the major saponin mixture bacoside A in Bacopa monnieri by HPLC
Authors: Deepak M. , Sangli G. K. , Arun P. C. , Amit A. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractBacoside A, the putative bioactive component of the Indian medicinal plant Bacopa monnieri, was found to be a mixture of saponins with bacoside A3 (1), bacopaside II (2), jujubogenin isomer of bacopasaponin C (3) and bacopasaponin C (4) as major constituents. An HPLC method together with an optimised extraction procedure was developed for the estimation of 1–4 in B. monnieri to enable standardisation of the latter. Concentration ranges of the analytes in samples of B. monnieri collected from different regions of India were 0.14–0.85% (w/w) (1), 0.12–0.69% (2), 0.05–0.72% (3) and 0.05–0.44% (4). The importance of using bacoside A, with known concentrations of 1–4, as a reference standard for the routine analysis of B. monnieri is highlighted. Two common ﬂavonoids, luteolin and apigenin, were present in all samples of B. monnieri. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Discriminating the xanthones in an extract of Swertia franchetiana by retention parameters
Authors: Longxing Wang , LeFeng Zhang , Shisheng Wang , Hongbin Xiao , Xinmiao Liang 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe quantitative structure—retention relationship is one of the most actively studied topics in the ﬁeld of chromatography. In this paper, retention parameters of components were used to discriminate the xanthones in a methanol extract of Swertia franchetiana. The extract was analysed by HPLC under two different multistage linear gradient conditions and the retention parameters calculated from these retention data. It was found that the retention parameters of xanthones are in a speciﬁc region in the plot of log kw vs. S and the xanthones in the extract could be distinguished from other components by this feature. Furthermore, xanthone aglycones and xanthone glucosides could also be discriminated by retention parameters. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of multidimensional gas chromatography to the enantioselective characterisation of the essential oil of Eupatorium buniifolium Hooker et Arnott
Authors: Lorenzo Daniel , Paz Daniel , Davies Philip , Villamil José , Vila Roser , Cañigueral Salvador , Dellacassa Eduardo 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe qualitative and quantitative composition of the essential oil from aerial parts of Eupatorium buniifolium Hooker et Arnott (Asteraceae) has been investigated for the ﬁrst time. The essential oils were obtained by steam distillation of leaves and analysed by GC‐MS; 44 components were identiﬁed. Monoterpene and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, especially α‐pinene (14.7%), β‐elemene (12.2%), germacrene D (11.5%), trans‐β‐guaiene (6.5%) and (E)‐caryophyllene (4.3%), were the major constituents found in the oils. The characterisation of E. buniifolium by enantioselective GC was performed by evaluation of the enantiomeric ratios of α‐pinene, sabinene, β‐pinene, limonene, terpinen‐4‐ol and germacrene D. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quality control of roots of Eleutherococcus senticosus by HPLC
Authors: Apers Sandra , Naessens Tania , Van Miert Sabine , Pieters Luc , Vlietinck Arnold 
Published: January 2005

AbstractAn HPLC method based on several known methods for the determination of eleutherosides B and E was developed, optimised and validated in terms of linearity, precision (repeatability and intermediate precision on different days and at different concentration levels) and accuracy (recovery). The extraction procedure, the extraction solvent and the extraction yield were evaluated and optimised. A reversed‐phase RP‐18 column gradient eluted with a two‐phase system consisting of phosphoric acid:water (0.5:99.5) and acetonitrile was used to evaluate the samples; detection was at 220 nm. Although eleutherosides B and E are commercially available, they are very costly, and therefore ferulic acid was chosen as external standard. The correction factors for the response of ferulic acid against both eleutherosides were determined and validated. This method, accepted by the European Pharmacopoeia Commission, will be included in the monograph on Eleutherococcus senticosus roots to assay the content of eleutherosides B and E. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Isolation and identiﬁcation of neo‐clerodane diterpenes from Ajuga remota by high‐performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Coll Josep , Tandrón Yudelsy 
Published: January 2005

AbstractIn order to explore the suitability of reversed‐phase HPLC for the rapid isolation, identiﬁcation and semipreparative fractionation of neo‐clerodane diterpenes from Ajuga remota, an extract from aerial parts of the plant was examined using a C18 column with UV detection and gradient elution with water:methanol. In addition to the known diterpenes ajugarins I, II, IV and V and clerodin, the presence and chromatographic behaviours of ajugapitin, dihydroajugapitin, dihydroclerodin and deacetylajugarin IV, not previously isolated from A. remota, were established. Presence of the epimeric mixture of 14‐hydro‐15‐hydroxyclerodin (scutecyprol A) was also demonstrated together with that of 14‐hydro‐15‐hydroxyajugapitin, the latter only in trace amounts. The structures of all isolated diterpenes were determined from NMR data. The anti‐feedant activities of the isolated compounds against Spodoptera littoralis are also reported here. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inaccurate estimation of risk in second trimester serum screening for Down syndrome among women who have already had first trimester screening
Authors: Hackshaw A. K. , Wald N. J. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractProblems can arise in prenatal screening for Down syndrome when tests are performed in the first and second trimester and some women who have a negative first trimester test have a second trimester serum test. The second test result does not usually take account of the previous one being negative. Even if it does, it is often inaccurate. Using published data the extent of the error was examined. The age‐specific risk of an affected pregnancy in such women will be lower than if no first trimester test had been performed. The distributions of the screening markers in affected and unaffected pregnancies will be different from those in unscreened women. If the appropriate age‐specific risk and marker distributions are not used, error will arise. For example, a 35‐year‐old woman with nuchal translucency (NT), pregnancy‐associated plasma protein‐A (PAPP‐A) and free β‐human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) levels at the normal median would have a risk of 1 in 6500. If she then had the Triple Test with alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP), unconjugated oestriol, and hCG levels of 0.7, 0.7 and 1.5 multiples of the median (MoM), respectively, her risk, ignoring the previous result, would be overestimated (1 in 95 compared with the correct estimate of 1 in 705). If the previous result was included, but the age‐specific risk and second trimester marker distributions were not revised, her risk would be underestimated (1 in 820). If the correct age‐specific risk and screening marker distributions were used, risk estimates would be accurate, but two tests would be less efficient than integrating all the screening information into a single test. The practice of offering second trimester serum screening to women who have already been screened is best avoided. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Novel feto‐specific mRNA species suitable for identification of fetal cells from the maternal circulation
Authors: Boye Kit , Hougaard David M. , Ebbesen Peter , Vuust Jens , Christiansen Michael 
Published: January 2005

AbstractFeto‐specific markers are necessary for genetic diagnostics on fetal cells isolated from maternal blood. Differential display reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (DDRT‐PCR) was used to identify mRNA species preferentially expressed in trophoblast‐enriched primary cell cultures compared to female peripheral mononuclear blood cells (FPMBCs). We obtained 15 different cDNA clones expressed predominantly in placenta cells using a commercial kit with oligo‐(dT) anchor primers and arbitrary upstream primers for differential display analysis of total RNA. Reverse Northern dot‐blot analysis and semi‐quantitative RT‐PCR confirmed the different expression levels. Seven mRNA species were exclusively expressed in the placenta: the mRNAs of ε‐globin, a renowned marker of fetal erythroblasts, early placenta insulin‐like peptide (EPIL), Yes‐associated protein (YAP65) and osteopontin were expressed at high levels, whereas the mRNAs of PP14, JM27 protein, and an unidentified expressed sequence tag (EST) were moderately expressed. A further eight mRNAs with low expression in FPMBCs and higher expression in first trimester placenta were identified. Some mRNAs were expressed in a trophoblast cell line, e.g. YAP65, whereas others were not, e.g. EPIL. The new mRNA markers may be used to construct DNA/RNA probesto identify fetal cells in maternal circulation by hybridization techniques, or to identify proteins selectively expressed in fetal cells and amenable to immunocytochemical detection. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.