bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
P-wave indices and left atrial mechanics as predictors of atrial cardiopathy in embolic stroke of undetermined source
Authors: Masood Samia , Ashraf Syed Mohammad Kamil , Malik Mohammad Azharuddin , Wahab Shagufta 
Published: November 2023

AbstractRecent research has shed light on the culpability of LA (left atrial) abnormality, in the form of atrial cardiopathy, as an independent risk factor for the development of atrial fibrillation, LA thrombus and subsequent stroke. The aim of this study was to measure LA electromechanical dissociation (EMD), LA volumes, P-wave dispersion (PWD) and P-wave terminal force in V1 (PTFV1) as markers of atrial cardiopathy in patients with ESUS (embolic stroke of undetermined source), to determine whether atrial cardiopathy is an integral part in the causal pathway of ESUS. 28 patients presenting with ischemic stroke and fulfilling the criteria for ESUS were enrolled into this cross-sectional, observational study along with a control group of 28 age- and gender-matched apparently healthy individuals. On ECG, PWD and PTFV1 were measured. On echocardiography, LA EMD and LA volumes were recorded. Increased PWD (34.14 ± 9.89 ms vs. 27.32 ± 8.95 ms; p = 0.01), atrial EMD (73.32 ± 16.31 ms vs. 63.63 ± 13.59 ms; p = 0.02) and LA volumes were observed in patients with ESUS as compared to controls. A significant correlation was also found between these parameters (p < 0.01). According to the results of our study, PWD, atrial EMD and LA volumes may be novel predictors for ESUS. Our results support the notion that atrial cardiopathy is a distinct mechanism of thrombosis in ESUS patients. Further research is required to clarify its function in the causation of stroke, ESUS in particular.
Effect of FTY720P on lipid accumulation in HEPG2 cells
Authors: Rida Reem , Kreydiyyeh Sawsan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by an increase in hepatic lipid accumulation due to impaired lipid metabolism. Although a correlation was found between NAFLD and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), the role of the sphingolipid remains controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate any involvement of S1P in steatosis using its analog FTY720P and HepG2 cells. Lipid accumulation was induced by incubating the cells in a mixture of oleic and palmitic acid, and was quantified using Oil Red O. The involvement of signaling mediators was studied using pharmacological inhibitors and western blot analysis. FTY720P increased lipid accumulation, but this increase wasn’t maintained in the presence of inhibitors of S1PR3, Gq, SREBP, mTOR, PI3K, and PPARγ indicating their involvement in the process. The results revealed that FTY720P binds to S1PR3 which activates sequentially Gq, PI3K, and mTOR leading to an increase in SREBP expression and PPARγ activation. It was concluded that in presence of a high level of fatty acids, lipid accumulation is increased in hepatocytes by the exogenously added FTY720P.
Optimization of Y and T-shaped microchannels for liquid–liquid extraction
Authors: Morshedaski Negah , Raji Farshad , Rahbar-Kelishami Ahmad 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSolvent extraction on a micro-scale has received much attention due to its advantages in recent years. The purpose of this research is to compare the inlet geometry of T and Y-shaped microchannels. In this research, solvent extraction of Crystal Violet (CV) was investigated using Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) extractor and hexane solvent in Y and T-shaped microchannels with lengths of 4, 6, and 8 cm. The effect of parameters such as inlet geometry, length of microchannels (4–8 cm), dye solution pH (3–11), flow rate (1–1.5 mL/h) and the concentration of CV (25–75 ppm) was investigated. The Results showed that under the same conditions, Y-shaped microchannel performance is better than T-shaped microchannel. pH of dye solution phase, flow rate, inlet CV concentration, and microchannel length were obtained as optimal conditions for extraction, 10.9, 1.1 mL/h, 46.4 ppm, and 7.6 cm, respectively, and the amount of extraction, in this case, was % 97/96 was obtained.
A depth iterative illumination estimation network for low-light image enhancement based on retinex theory
Authors: Chen Yongqiang , Wen Chenglin , Liu Weifeng , He Wei 
Published: November 2023

AbstractExisting low-light image enhancement techniques face challenges in achieving high visual quality and computational efficiency, as well as in effectively removing noise and adjusting illumination in extremely dark scenes. To address these problems, in this paper, we propose an illumination enhancement network based on Retinex theory for fast and accurate brightening of images in low-illumination scenes. Two learning-based networks are carefully constructed: decomposition network and enhancement network. The decomposition network is responsible for decomposing the low-light input image into the initial reflectance and illumination map. The enhanced network includes two sub-modules: the illumination enhancement module and the reflection denoising module, which are used for efficient brightness enhancement and accurate reflectance. Specially, we have established a cascaded iterative lighting learning process and utilized weight sharing to conduct accurate illumination estimation. Additionally, unsupervised training losses are defined to improve the generalization ability of the model. The proposed illumination enhancement framework enables noise suppression and detail preservation of the final decomposition results. To establish the efficacy and superiority of the model, on the widely applicable LOL dataset, our approach achieves a significant 9.16% increase in PSNR compared to the classical Retinex-Net, and a remarkable enhancement of 19.26% compared to the latest SCI method.
Engineering the structural and electrical interplay of nanostructured Au resistive switching networks by controlling the forming process
Authors: Nadalini Giacomo , Borghi Francesca , Košutová Tereza , Falqui Andrea , Ludwig Nicola , Milani Paolo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractNetworks of random-assembled gold clusters produced in the gas phase show resistive switching (RS) activity at room temperature and they are suitable for the fabrication of devices for neuromorphic data processing and classification. Fully connected cluster-assembled nanostructured Au films are characterized by a granular structure rich of interfaces, grain boundaries and crystalline defects. Here we report a systematic characterization of the electroforming process of the cluster-assembled films demonstrating how this process affects the interplay between the nano- and mesoscale film structure and the neuromorphic characteristics of the resistive switching activity. The understanding and the control of the influence of the resistive switching forming process on the organization of specific structures at different scales of the cluster-assembled films, provide the possibility to engineer random-assembled neuromorphic architectures for data processing task.
AI-enabled routine H&E image based prognostic marker for early-stage luminal breast cancer
Authors: Wahab Noorul , Toss Michael , Miligy Islam M. , Jahanifar Mostafa , Atallah Nehal M. , Lu Wenqi , Graham Simon , Bilal Mohsin , Bhalerao Abhir , Lashen Ayat G. , Makhlouf Shorouk , Ibrahim Asmaa Y. , Snead David , Minhas Fayyaz , Raza Shan E. Ahmed , Rakha Emad , Rajpoot Nasir 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBreast cancer (BC) grade is a well-established subjective prognostic indicator of tumour aggressiveness. Tumour heterogeneity and subjective assessment result in high degree of variability among observers in BC grading. Here we propose an objective Haematoxylin & Eosin (H&E) image-based prognostic marker for early-stage luminal/Her2-negative BReAst CancEr that we term as the BRACE marker. The proposed BRACE marker is derived from AI based assessment of heterogeneity in BC at a detailed level using the power of deep learning. The prognostic ability of the marker is validated in two well-annotated cohorts (Cohort-A/Nottingham: n = 2122 and Cohort-B/Coventry: n = 311) on early-stage luminal/HER2-negative BC patients treated with endocrine therapy and with long-term follow-up. The BRACE marker is able to stratify patients for both distant metastasis free survival (p = 0.001, C-index: 0.73) and BC specific survival (p < 0.0001, C-index: 0.84) showing comparable prediction accuracy to Nottingham Prognostic Index and Magee scores, which are both derived from manual histopathological assessment, to identify luminal BC patients that may be likely to benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy.
Multiphase turbulent flow explains lightning rings in volcanic plumes
Authors: Ichihara Mie , Mininni Pablo D. , Ravichandran S. , Cimarelli Corrado , Vagasky Chris 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai (HTHH), a submarine caldera volcano of the Tonga archipelago, erupted explosively on January 15, 2022. The eruption generated the highest concentration of lightning events ever recorded, producing characteristic ring patterns of electrical discharges concentric to the vent. Here we reproduce the key features of the observations using three-dimensional simulations of buoyant plumes in a stably stratified atmosphere. Our idealized minimal model based on the Boussinesq approximation and heavy particles reveals that the essential mechanism underlying the formation of lightning rings is turbulence-induced particle clustering, which generates structures, favorable conditions for charge concentration by particle collision. We propose that the location, size, and persistence of lightning ring structures can reveal pulsatory activity at the vent that the opaque ash cloud hides from the satellite observation and can be used as a proxy for eruption parameters regulating the generation of hazardous impacts on the environment.
Celestial compass sensor mimics the insect eye for navigation under cloudy and occluded skies
Authors: Gkanias Evripidis , Mitchell Robert , Stankiewicz Jan , Khan Sadeque Reza , Mitra Srinjoy , Webb Barbara 
Published: November 2023

AbstractInsects use the sun’s position (even when concealed) as a compass for navigation by filtering celestial light intensity and polarisation through their compound eyes. To replicate this functionality, we present a sensor that imitates essential aspects of insect eyes, particularly the fan-like arrangement of polarised light receptors in their dorsal rim area. Our sensor comprises a ring of eight pairs of photodiodes (evaluating two orthogonal orientations of polarised light) to analyse the skylight coming from different directions. Because the layout of our sensor aligns with the polarised light pattern in the sky, a circular-mean model that integrates information spatially across the analysers can estimate the solar azimuth. When using the same sensor design, our model achieves lower compass errors than alternative (and computationally more complex) algorithms, especially under cloudy and occluded skies. Thus, the morphology and processing of the insect celestial compass provide an efficient and robust directional input for navigation.
People devalue generative AI’s competence but not its advice in addressing societal and personal challenges
Authors: Böhm Robert , Jörling Moritz , Reiter Leonhard , Fuchs Christoph 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe release of ChatGPT and related tools have made generative artificial intelligence (AI) easily accessible for the broader public. We conducted four preregistered experimental studies (total N = 3308; participants from the US) to investigate people’s perceptions of generative AI and the advice it generates on how to address societal and personal challenges. The results indicate that when individuals are (vs. are not) aware that the advice was generated by AI, they devalue the author’s competence but not the content or the intention to share and follow the advice on how to address societal challenges (Study 1) and personal challenges (Studies 2a and 2b). Study 3 further shows that individuals’ preference to receive advice from AI (vs. human experts) increases when they gained positive experience with generative AI advice in the past. The results are discussed regarding the nature of AI aversion in the context of generative AI and beyond.
MRI signs of intracranial hypertension in morbidly obese and normal-weight individuals
Authors: Schmill Lars-Patrick Andreas , Peters Sönke , Juhász Julia , Jansen Olav , Laudes Matthias , Aludin Schekeb 
Published: November 2023

Purpose Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is associated with intracranial abnormalities, although not obligatory, which can be detected with cranial MRI. Obesity is an important risk factor for IIH and a pathogenetic link is suspected but the extent to which these MRI signs are already related to obesity has not yet been examined. We investigated whether IIH-MRI signs are present more often in obese individuals with a BMI > 30 kg/m² than in individuals of normal weight.
Materials and Methods Brain MRI of 32 obese and 53 normal-weight participants from the Food-Chain-Plus cohort were analyzed for three main signs of IIH: (I) stenosis of the transverse sinus, (II) increased width of the optic nerve sheath, and (III) reduction of pituitary height. In addition, a scoring system for the MRI signs was applied. Furthermore, tortuosity of the optic nerve and flattening of the posterior globe were considered as additional MRI signs.
Results Obese participants had a significantly higher MRI score (p < 0.001) than those in the normal-weight cohort, with significant differences in quantitative measurements of cerebral venous sinus stenosis (p < 0.001), widening of the optic nerve sheath (p < 0.05), and flattening of the pituitary gland (p < 0.05) also always being observed more frequently and in a more pronounced manner in the obese group. Furthermore, our findings correlated significantly with BMI and proportionately with hip and waist circumference.
Conclusion Obese individuals show a significantly higher prevalence of cerebral MRI signs related to IIH. This supports the hypothesis that obesity is a risk factor for possible intracranial hypertension and reinforces the suspicion that obesity is involved in the pathomechanism of IIH.
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Brain Tumor Imaging: Review of Conventional and Advanced Techniques
Authors: Campion Andrew , Iv Michael 
Published: November 2023

AbstractApproaches to central nervous system (CNS) tumor classification and evaluation have undergone multiple iterations over the past few decades, in large part due to our growing understanding of the influence of genetics on tumor behavior and our refinement of brain tumor imaging techniques. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) both play a critical role in the diagnosis and monitoring of brain tumors, although MRI has become especially important due to its superior soft tissue resolution. The purpose of this article will be to briefly review the fundamentals of conventional and advanced techniques used in brain tumor imaging. We will also highlight the applications of these imaging tools in the context of commonly encountered tumors based on the most recently updated 2021 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of CNS tumors framework.
Influence of silane treated nano eggshell powder on mechanical and durability properties of concrete
Authors: Lavanya M R , Johnpaul V , Balasundaram N , Venkatesan G. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In order to test concrete’s sustainability, this study substitutes nano eggshell powder (nESP) for cement in a silane-treated environment. The results showed that the silane-treated concrete mixtures outperformed the untreated ones in terms of performance. nESP was replaced by 5 to 20% with in cement of 5% along with constant replacement of 30% fly ash by weight of cement. It was found that partial cement substitution with nESP up to 10% produced a sample with greater strength than the control sample. The filling and reinforcing properties of the nESP and the pozzolanic effect of flyash after silane treatment produced favorable results when mechanical strength was evaluated. The increased electrical resistance with age may be caused by the increased hydration products and excess CSH gel formation induced by the pozzolanic action of the fly ash in concrete.
Fuzzy Logic Model For Prediction Of Properties Of Exfoliated Vermiculite based Light weight concrete
Authors: Kiran Kumar N , Damodhara Reddy B , Sasidhar C. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Concrete is highly sought material in construction industry and is made with cement, Natural Sand and gravel. There is lot of advancements done in the field of concrete. A model based on fuzzy logic is used to arrive at fresh as well as indurate properties of Exfoliated vermiculite related Light weight concrete (EVLWC) containing Exfoliated Vermiculite, Granite Fines and Silica Fume has been developed. Materials investigated experimentally possess 0 %, 5 %, 10 %, 15 % and 20% weight of Exfoliated Vermiculite (EV) and fixed 10% Granite Fines (GF) both replacing Natural Sand and fixed 5% Silica Fume (SF) replacing cement in each concrete. Water/cement ratio and content of super plasticizer were chosen as 0.40 % and 1.0 % of content of used respectively. The slump property of fresh concrete and hardened properties of concrete like Stress-strain relationship, compressive strength and acid resistance are arrived for said concrete.
An experimental study on structural performance of reinforced concrete beams strengthened for combined flexure and shear by using NSM-GFRP strips
Authors: Aishwarya K M , Anand Nikitha V , Balaji N C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Near surface mounted fiber reinforced polymer (NSM-FRP) technique is the latest & most effective techniques used in strengthening the existing structural components, which requires strengthening against increased service loads, faulty design, environmental effects, etc. In the past, many researches on NSM technique have been carried out by using different cross-sectional shapes & dimensions of FRP materials to strengthen for shear & flexure. In the present experimental study, the behaviour of R.C. beams strengthened for combined flexure & shear studied. The beams of 150x150x700 mm size with M30 grade of concrete & Fe500 steel were considered. The control beams (unstrengthened) & strengthened beams using GFRP (Glass fibre reinforced polymer) strips were subjected to three point loading to study the behaviour of beams in combined shear & flexure. The main objectives were to assess the behaviour of strengthened beams with control beams & to study the influence of the orientation of shear strips. The beams were studied for the failure characteristics, yield & ultimate load carrying capacity, stress-strain behaviour, deflection, & crack patterns. From the test results, it’s been observed that, the load carrying capacity of the strengthened beams were increased, the improved in deflection, when compared to the control beams. The ultimate load carrying capacity of beams with shear strip orientation of 45°, 60° & 90° were increased by 50.3%, 39.3% & 25% respectively, compared to the control beams. This NSM strengthening technique can be advantageous & suitably adopted to enhance the load carrying capacity of the beams.
Comparative Study on Seismic Response of Regular and Plan Irregular Base isolated structures
Authors: Kavitha B , Kumar Kore Ajay 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Earthquake is one of most destructing threat which cause severe damage to life and property. Recently, due to increasing demand and need for the present generations has made the designers and engineers to plan for structures having irregularities. It is impossible to avoid designing uneven buildings in reality. It is important to research how this irregular structure behaves in earthquake-prone areas, especially for structures with base isolation. When compared to regular structures with base isolation, structures with plan irregularity react differently. When a reinforced concrete building with varied plan configurations, such as an H, U, or L shape, is subjected to seismic loading, the impact of plan irregularity is explored. In the current study, a regular structure is also considered to compare the responses of the isolated irregular base structure. Building response spectrum analysis for seismic analysis was done in seismic zone III using IS 1893-2002 code [5]. The structural analysis software tool ETABS 18 was used to conduct the analysis. Among different types of isolators present, in the present study LRB isolator and friction isolators was used as a Nonlinear Support. The dynamic response of the structure such as base shear, time period and story displacement are used to compare the regular and irregular structures. The effectiveness of the base isolators in the structures in earthquake prone area is evaluated in the present study.
Analysis and Parametric Assessment of Reinforced Soil Wall
Authors: Yashmin S S , Chakraborty A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Due to rapid urbanization and growth of countries, the rate of building infrastructures is also on the higher side. Owing to a lack of adequate high bearing capacity soil, one is forced to select regions with lower bearing capacity, which can cause long-term instability problems. Various improvement techniques available in the field of Civil Engineering or Geotechnical Engineering are to be adopted in such cases to avoid instability issues. One such well known method is Reinforced Soil wall that has been investigated and focused here. In this paper, an effort is made to compare numerical and analytical analysis, as well as to investigate their consistency and understand the effect of various parameters on its performance. The numerical analysis, which is based on Lee et al.’s lateral earth pressure theory, has been paired with an analytical one using the Finite element method (FEM) to evaluate its performance and efficiency in the field. Furthermore, various parameters such as reinforcing element length, soil friction angle, spacing, height of the wall, and maximum tensile forces produced have been considered, with their variations affecting the overall efficiency of the system being investigated. Further, an attempt has been made to understand the behavioural pattern by comparing the results using Regression Analysis. The findings from both analyses are very consistent and complement one another.
Evaluation of Recycled Tyre Steel Fibres Effectiveness on the Properties of Concrete
Authors: Yahia Hussin A.M , Maqbali Abdul-Aziz Al , Maawali Said Saif Salem Al , Ladin Mohd Azizul , Kuckian Sachin , Poloju Kiran Kumar , Venkata Siva Rama Prasad C. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Disposal of tire waste is a difficult task because tires are generally indestructible and have long lifetimes. Tire waste is managed via short-term solutions such as storing or dumping in illegal landfills. Tire recycling is a process where tires are recycled for reuse in vehicles; however, the recycled tires are not suitable for reuse because their recovery is difficult owing to faults such as holes. Thus, tires are the most problematic and largest source of waste owing to their high production and durability. Several tire recycling techniques that take advantage of various tire components have been implemented. This study focuses on the utilization of solid steel fibers are incorporated into a concrete tire frame. This is done to assess how well fibers work with reinforced concrete’s design. Additionally, concrete’s compressive strength was evaluated three times (0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3%). The study’s findings are based on an examination of how tire-recycled steel fibers affect concrete strength and their use to enhance the strength of concrete. Concrete reinforcement with steel fibers results was compared with the traditional concrete reinforcement and it was found that the iron fibers present in the tires enhanced durability and strength of concrete.