bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘The Critical Role of the Courts In Arbitral Disputes: Conceptualizing the Relationship Between the Courts and Arbitration’
Authors: Prakash Judith 
Published: January 2024

The role of the courts in arbitral disputes may be underappreciated by some in the arbitration community. It is axiomatic that when parties choose arbitration, they opt out of the default method by which they would have otherwise resolved their disputes, that is, through the national court system. This opting out is not, however, for all seasons and for all time. On the contrary, the court plays a critical and integral role in the arbitration process. Through the decisions of the court, the basic features of arbitration are reinforced, and it is the court that ensures that arbitration functions as an effective mode of dispute resolution.
This article starts with a brief overview of the relationship between the courts and arbitration. Three topics are thereafter examined. The first is the role of the court in setting the boundaries of arbitration. The second concerns how the court supports arbitration through interim orders. The final topic concerns the court’s role in the setting aside and enforcement of arbitral awards.
A Governance Analysis of BEFIT: How the Member States’ Wish to Obtain more Regulatory Authority is Driving a Revolution
Authors: Peters Cees 
Published: January 2024

This contribution analyses the ongoing BEFIT proposal (Business in Europe: Framework for Income Taxation) of the EC (European Commission) from a governance perspective. For this matter, it considers the proposed replacement of the arm’s length standard with a system of unitary taxation and formulary apportionment (FA) as a changing regulation strategy to tax multinational companies. It argues that the BEFIT proposal indicates a change from a reflexive regulation strategy to a command and control regulation strategy. The future approval of this proposal would imply that the Member States no longer want to count on the relative freedom of taxpayers to allocate profits, but attempt to take full responsibility for that allocation instead. This contribution concludes that this wish of the Member States to obtain more regulatory authority to tax multinational companies is the catalyst of the ongoing BEFIT revolution.
BEFIT, harmonization, transfer pricing, arm’s length principle, formulary apportionment, unitary taxation, regulatory authority
Forum Contribution: Tax Penalty Regimes, A Call for Harmonization
Authors: Attard Robert 
Published: January 2024

Recent Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) and European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) judgments imply that some form of ‘European Intervention’ providing for a coordinated approach towards the determination, and quantification of tax penalties has become necessary. Disproportionate tax penalties and concurrent penalties pose a serious hurdle to achieving the European Commission’s political mission to put a tax system in place ‘where everybody pays their fair share’ of taxation. Given current judicial trends, the situation calls for the creation of an ad hoc taxpayers’ charter which imposes red lines for tax penalty regimes. Matters such as ultra duplum, minimus vitalis, non bis in idem, ceiling rates for cumulative penalties and the coordination of punitive measures call for an element of harmonization.
Tax harmonization, Disproportionate penalties, Minimum Vitalis, Fundamental Human Rights, The EU Charter on Human Rights, European Court of Human Rights, Non Bis In Idem, Taxpayers’ Charter, Tax penalties, Concurrent Tax Penalties
The Balance in Consumer Protection Between Substantive Law and Enforcement
Authors: Rott Peter 
Published: January 2024

Traditionally, consumer law has suffered from underenforcement in many countries. Reasons are, in particular, insufficient incentives or means for individual enforcement, the lack of effective collective remedies and/or insufficient resources or the lack of interest of public authorities and/or consumer organizations. Thus, even where strict rules on substantive consumer protection exist, authors diagnosed an incentive not to comply with the law.
Quite recently, the picture has changed, at least in certain sectors of business. This is mainly due to technological advancement. The use of digital technology, commonly referred to as ‘legal technology’ or ‘legal tech’, allows the legal profession to drastically increase the efficiency in handling claims. Legal tech claims management companies have been particularly successful in the area of air passengers’ rights but the use of legal tech has also facilitated the mass handling of similar claims, for example, resulting from the Volkswagen diesel scandal.
This latter development led to a debate about „overenforcement“. It has been argued that a massive increase in enforcement of existing consumer law may necessitate the relaxation of the substantive law standard. This article discusses the relationship between substantive consumer law and its enforcement, thereby using examples from recent case law and from the current political debate.
توظيف الأمثال السائرة في كتاب (الفصول والغايات) لأبي العلاء المعرِّي
Authors: غضبان د. فاطمة , عبد الله فياض سوسن 
Published: January 2024

الأمثال أهم الأجناس الأدبية التي استعملت في اللغة العربية؛ وهي قوالب لغوية جاهزة، ذات دلالات ومعانٍ واسعة، لانها تختصر الكثير من التجارب الإنسانية والقصص المعبرة عن حالة أو خبر من أخبار الغابرين، وعلى الرغم من أهمية المثل في اللغة العربية وغيرها من اللغات؛ لكنه لم يحظى بالدراسة والأهتمام، مقارنة بغيره من الأجناس الأدبية الأخرى ، أو حتى دراسة لغة المثل أو كيفية توظيفه في النصوص اللغوية.
لأهمية المثل في اللغة أنطلقت دراستي لتجمع بين قمتين في اللغة (المثل) و كتاب (الفصول والغايات في تمجيد الله والمواعظ)، لأبي العلاء المَعرِّيِّ،تتبع البحث كيف وظف المعري الأمثال السائرة وإجادته توظيف خمس أنواع من الأمثال العربية الفصيحة، الوظیفة الأخلاقیة فهي متنوعة تتناسب مع الظرف الذي قیل فیه المثل،وكشفت الوظیفة الحجاجیة عن غایتها بألفاظ موجزة والوظیفة النفسیة غایته إیجاد جوهر الحیاة.
Development of lateral flow immunoassay strip for rapid detection of acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease-causing PirAB toxins in shrimp
Authors: Hieu Tran Van , Diem Duong Ngoc , Hoan Nguyen Phuoc Khai , Yen Do Thi Kim , Binh Huynh Tuan , Dung Mai Hoang Thuy , Thu Nguyen Thi Nguyet , Thuoc Tran Linh 
Published: January 2024

Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) is currently the most affected disease of shrimp farms worlwide As rapid and specific detection methods are essential to improve disease management, a lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) was designed for the detection of PirAvp and PirBvp toxins in shrimp. In this study, polyclonal antibody based lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) strip has been developed. The recombinant PirAvp and PirBvp toxin‐like proteins of Vibrio parahaemolyticus (VPAHPND) was used to immunize rabbits with the highest antibody titre after the third booster. This polyclonal rabbit antiserum was purified and used to develop a LFIA strip for the detection of AHPND pathogen. This test strip could detect PirAvp and PirBvp toxins up to 125 ng/mL by naked eye within 15 min. No cross-reactivity was observed with VPnon-AHPND. Furthermore, the sensitivity and speciﬁcity of LFIA were 94.0% and 98.0%, respectively. This LFIA strip could be used as a handy tool by the farmers and technicians in situ.
® 2023 Journal of Science and Technology - NTTU
Wider area validation and economic analysis of adaptable IPM technology in bell pepper (Capsicum annum)
Authors: SARDANA H R , BHAT M N , SEHGAL MUKESH 
Published: January 2024

Field experiments were conducted in bell pepper (Capsicum annum var. frutescens L.) during 2007–10 at Daha-Jagir, Karnal, Haryana with a view to study the validation and economic viability of adaptable IPM technology in a farmers’ participatory approach. The IPM technology for bell pepper crop comprising raising healthy nursery using soil solarization and mixing of Trichoderma harzianum (c.f.u. 2 × 109) along with FYM (@ 10 g/ 100 g FYM/m2); seedling dip in Pseudomonas fluorescence, installation of delta traps @ 2/acre, one or two sprays of neem (Neem Baan @ 10 ml/litre) against aphids in early stages, erection of pheromone traps @ 5/ha, application of spinosad 45 SC @ (75 g ai/ha or 0.5 ml/litre) for thrips, collection and destruction of borers and disease affected fruits, five releases of egg parasitoid Trichogramma chilonis based on pheromone monitoring, two sprays of HaNPV 250 LE/ha in evenings with UV protectant, one spray of ecofriendly emmamectin benzoate 5 WDG @ 0.25 g/lit of water, two to three need based sprays of chemical pesticides like indoxacarb 14.5 SP @ 500 g ai/ha or rynaxpyr 18.5 SC @ 3.5 ml /litre of water and carbendazim + mancozeb 75 SP @ 0.2% etc. was very effective in reducing the incidence of pests and minimizing the yield losses. The adoption of IPM technology resulted in reducing the number of chemical sprays to 4–5 from 12–14 in non-IPM fields with higher fruit yields of 14.07–24.35 and 21.63 tonnes/ha in IPM and 12.20, 15.58 and 18.0 tonnes/ha in non-IPM fields and with higher CBR of 1:1.99, 1:3.29 and 1:2.81 in IPM than 1:1.48, 1:1.70 and 1:2.30 in non-IPM.
A quantitative analysis of rust (Uromyces fabae) resistance in pea (Pisum sativum) using RILs
Authors: SINGH A K , RAI R , SRIVASTAVA C P , SINGH B D , KUSHWAHA C , CHAND R 
Published: January 2024

In a quantitative analysis of pea rust resistance using a RIL population, heritability estimates for disease severity and AUDPC were found to be 0.90 and 0.93, respectively. High heritability indicated that selection for pea rust resistance can be made under polyhouse conditions using either disease severity or AUDPC as disease reaction estimators. Average degree of dominance (ADD) for resistance to U. fabae was 0.11 and 0.14 for disease severity and AUDPC, respectively, indicating that the genes controlling U. fabae resistance exhibited a low degree of incomplete dominance. Estimates of the minimum number of effective genes conferring resistance to pea rust, using three different methods of estimation, varied from two to three.
Ethical considerations in prenatal diagnosis and genetic counseling
Authors: Taboada Lugo Noel 
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Prenatal diagnosis, the most widely used reproductive option in the world, refers to methods used to study the health of the fetus. One of the objectives is to detect congenital malformations during fetal development and allow for pregnancy termination. An ethical approach, based on respect for individuals and confidentiality, while avoiding harm and respecting autonomy, are the keys to optimal genetic counseling. Objective: To present some ethical considerations regarding medical genetics as a healthcare practice. To this end, discussion will be based on the fundamental principles of bioethics related to prenatal diagnosis and the genetic counseling process. Results: Ethical considerations in medical genetics are a relatively new topic influenced by the advancement of bioethics and the resolution of ethical and social dilemmas in medical practice. Conclusions: In the field of prenatal diagnosis, ethical, social, and legal conflicts that require careful resolution may arise. Physicians must adhere to bioethical principles such as autonomy, justice, beneficence, and non-maleficence in their professional practice. These principles serve as fundamental norms for their conduct, providing a foundation for reasoning and guiding actions in the genetic counseling process.
Keywords: medical ethics; bioethics; prenatal diagnosis; genetic counseling
Sensory Analysis and Physicochemical Parameters of Three "TEAS" Formulations Obtained from Aromatic Plant Powders from Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Epiphanie N'dri Quesnelle , Elisée Kporou Kouassi , Christine Ekissi Alice , Frederic Choho Meney , Lenoir Djadji Ayoman Thierry , Gisèle-Siransy Kouakou 
Published: January 2024

The use of plants by humans for their nutritional, health and wellness needs dates back to ancient times. This trend has increased to date with the boom in the tea/tisane market. The aim of this project is to gather scientific data on three 'teas' formulations obtained from aromatic plant resources commonly used in food. For this purpose, the species Lippia multiflora, Hibiscus sabdariffa, Zingiber officinale and Adansonia digitata were harvested, processed into powders and then combined two by two in precise proportions, keeping L. multiflora as the species common to the different formulations. A sensory analysis using the hedonic test was carried out on each of the formulations by a panel of tasters, and then some physico-chemical parameters of these formulations were determined. All three formulations were appreciated by the tasters.
"However, the TEA 3 formulation "L. multiflora + Z. officinale" was the most popular. The pH values of the formulations ranged from 3.5 to 7.5. The ash content ranged from 7% to 10%. The total polyphenol content ranged from 12 to 17 mg gallic acid equivalent/g and the total flavonoid content ranged from 15 to 20 µg quercetin equivalent/g. Concentrations of total sugars and reducing sugars expressed as mg glucose equivalent/g ranged from 10 and 20.36 and 0.2 and 0.46, respectively. Fat content (%) varied from 3.5 to 4.6.
The formulated TEAS contain compounds of therapeutic and nutritional interest that could enter the nutraceutical market in Côte d'Ivoire for the well-being of consumers.
Costo de la calidad del servicio técnico desde la percepción de usuarios residenciales en sistemas de distribución eléctrica
Authors: Schweickardt Gustavo 
Published: January 2024

En este trabajo se propone una novedosa metodología para estimar el costo de la calidad de servicio técnico (CST) desde la percepción de los clientes residenciales en un sistema de distribución eléctrica (SDE). Es introducido el concepto de Costo Intrínseco de Falla (CiFa), a partir de tres indicadores empleados internacionalmente: la Energía No Suministrada, el Número de Clientes Afectados y el Tiempo de Interrupción no programado del suministro. El SDE se diseña ubicando óptimamente cierto número de equipos de protección (EPr) para aumentar la confiabilidad, minimizando una Función Objetivo compuesta por los Costos de los EPr instalados, y los tres indicadores anteriores, empleando la técnica de Programación Dinámica Posibilista o Difusa. Tal diseño óptimo es presentado por el planificador del SDE al regulador, para su control y reconocimiento de los costos trasladados a los precios en el esquema tarifario. Estos costos CiFa asociados a la CST, pueden interpretarse como óptimos del Lado de la Oferta (CiFaOf). Adoptándonos como referencia, son calculados los puntajes factoriales para el constructo dependiente CST desde la estimación de un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales PLS-SEM solidario. Los mismos permiten calcular el CiFa interpretado como del Lado de la Demanda (CiFaDe). Se propone que el regulador considere toda diferencia en exceso del CiFaDe respecto del CiFaOf como una penalización monetaria aplicable a la distribuidora por incumplir el nivel de CST comprometido. Los datos empleados en las simulaciones y los resultados obtenidos corresponden al sistema de distribución de la ciudad de Bariloche, Argentina, para el año 2021.
Impact of aqueous leaf extract of Punica granatum and synthesized silver nanoparticles against streptozotocin induced diabetes in rats
Authors: Kumar Manoj , Ranjan Rakesh , Prasad Sinha Manoranjan 
Published: January 2024

Punica granatum leaves are known for various therapeutic properties, but lack proper documentation. The present study was undertaken to study the antidiabetic impact of aqueous leaf extract of Punica granatum and silver nanoparticles synthesized using aqueous leaf extract of Punica granatum against streptozotocin induced diabetes in rats. Aqueous leaf extract of Punica granatum was prepared, phytochemical screening of the extract revealed the presence of various phytochemicals—alkaloid, tannin, saponin, total phenol and flavonoids. The aqueous leaf extract was employed to synthesize silver nanoparticles Synthesized silver particles were characterized using different techniques such as UV-visible spectrophotometer (UV-Vis), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), dynamic light scattering analysis (DLS), and zeta potential analysis (ZP). The characterization revealed the nanoscale (size <= 100 nm) of the synthesized silver particles, thus called as nanoparticles. Both the aqueous leaf extract and the synthesized nanoparticles were administered in streptozotocin-induced-diabetic rats to assess their antidiabetic effect. The results revealed that both the aqueous leaf extract of Punica granatum and the synthesized silver nanoparticles had significant antidiabetic activity against streptozotocin induced diabetes in rats. It was further found that the silver nanoparticles had enhanced antidiabetic activity as compared to the extract alone.
Pembuatan Cheese Stick dari Substitusi Tepung Tapioka Dengan Tepung Jagung
Authors: Adimarta Trian 
Published: January 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui nilai kadar air dan kadar abu, serta mengetahui uji organoleptik terhadap produk cheese stick dengan penambahan tepung jagung. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pencampuran semua bahan, tepung tapioka 25%, 50%, 75% dan tepung jagung 75%, 50%, 25%, pengulenan adonan, giling hingga tipis, dipotong, dan digoreng. Selanjutnya dilakukan uji organoleptik yaitu kesukaan terhadap rasa, warna, dan tekstur, sedangkan uji kimia mengunakan parameter kadar air dan kadar abu.
Hasil uji organoleptik cheese stick dengan penambahan tepung jagung adalah untuk sampel 25% tepung tapioka : 75% tepung jagung nilai rata-rata kesukaan rasa, warna dan tekstur berturut-turut adalah 6,3, 6,3 dan 7,4, untuk sampel 50% tepung tapioka : 50% tepung jagung nilai rata-rata kesukaan rasa, warna dan tekstur berturut-turut adalah 7,7, 7,2 dan 7,6, sedangkan untuk sampel 75% tepung tapioka : 25% tepung jagung nilai rata-rata terdapat kesukaan rasa, warna dan teksur berturut-turut adalah 7,3, 6,97 dan 6,4. Hasil terbaik dari ketiga perlakuan tersebut adalah cheese stick dengan perlakuan 50% tepung tapioka : 50% tepung jagung. Kemudian hasil analisis kimia dari 3 perlakuan menunjukan bahwa cheese stick dengan nilai kadar air berturut-turut 7,27%, 6,98% dan 9,23%. Sedangkan kadar abu dari 3 perlakuan berturut-turut yaitu 1,425%, 1,445% dan 1,255%.
أثر تطبيق أبعاد الجودة على تحسين الخدمة الصحية في مركز الأمل لعلاج الأورام- تعز
Authors: الشريحي معاذ احمد عبدالكريم , العامري عادل 
Published: January 2024

هدفت الدراسة الحالية إلى التعرف على مستوى جودة الخدمات الصحية في مركز الأمل. كما هدفت إلى التعرف على أثر تطبيق أبعاد الجودة على تحسين الخدمات الطبية في المركز ككل وأبعادها المتمثلة بـ: الاستجابة، الاعتمادية، الملموسية، التعاطف، الضمان والتوكيد في مركز الأمل لعلاج الأورام تعز. وتكون مجتمع الدراسة من جميع موظفي مركز الأمل من إداريين وفنيين والبالغ عددهم (96) موظفاً. ومن أجل تحقيق أهداف الدراسة تم الاعتماد على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي.
وقد توصلت الدراسة إلى النتائج التالية:

أن مستوى تطبيق أبعاد جودة الخدمات الصحية ككل (الاستجابة، الاعتمادية، الملموسية، التعاطف، الضمان/التوكيد) في مركز الأمل لعلاج الأورام تعز كان كبيراً.
بالنسبة لمستوى التطبيق لكل بُعد على حدة، فقد كان مستوى التطبيق لبٌعد الاستجابة وبٌعد التعاطف كبيراً جداً، بينما بقية الابعاد الاعتمادية والملموسية والضمان كان مستوى تطبيق كل منهما كبيراً.
ومستوى تطبيق مجال تحسين الخدمات الصحية في مركز الأمل لعلاج الأورام – تعز كبير.

كما بينت الدراسة الميدانية وجود أثر لتطبيق أبعاد الجودة على تحسين الخدمة الصحية:

يوجد أثر ذو دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى دلالة (α ≤05) في تطبيق أبعاد الجودة (الاستجابة، الاعتمادية، الملموسية، التعاطف، الضمان/التوكيد) على تحسين الخدمة الصحية في مركز الأمل لعلاج الأورام - تعز.
يوجد أثر ذو دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى دلالة (α ≤05) في تطبيق أبعاد الجودة كلاً على حدة (الاستجابة، الاعتمادية، الملموسية، التعاطف، الضمان/التوكيد) على تحسين الخدمة الصحية في مركز الأمل لعلاج الأورام - تعز.

وبناءً على هذه النتائج يوصى الباحث مركز الأمل على استمرارية العمل بالجودة مع زيادة رفع مستويات جودة الخدمات الصحية في مختلف مجالاتها في مركز الأمل لكي تتحسن مستوى الخدمة الصحية إلى مستوى كبير جداً.
Fen Bilimleri Öğretmenlerinin İklim Değişikliği, Biyoçeşitlilik ve Çevre Konularında Yenilikçi Öğretim Teknoloji Araçlarını Kullanmalarının Web 2.0 Yetkinliklerine Etkisi
Authors: KEÇECİ Gonca , YILDIZ Selin , YILDIRIM Pelin , ALAN Burcu , ZENGİN Fikriye 
Published: January 2024

Bu araştırma ile fen bilimleri öğretmenlerinin iklim değişikliği, biyoçeşitlilik ve çevre konularında yenilikçi öğretim teknoloji araçlarını
kullanarak ders içerikleri hazırladıkları TÜBİTAK 4005 projesi sonrasında Web 2.0 kullanım yetkinliklerindeki değişim durumunun
incelenmesi ve öğretmenlerin Web 2.0 araçlarının derslerde kullanımına dair görüşlerinin nasıl olduğunun belirlenmesi amaçlanmaktadır.
Bu araştırmada karma yöntem çerçevesinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu Doğu Anadolu ve Güneydoğu Anadolu
Bölgesinde görev yapan 14 erkek ve 16 kadın olmak üzere toplamda 30 fen bilimleri öğretmeni oluşturmaktadır. Proje kapsamında fen
bilimleri öğretmenleri ile iklim değişikliği, biyoçeşitlilik, çevre alanlarında ve Web 2.0 araçları hakkında alanından uzman akademisyenler
ile uygulamalı eğitimler gerçekleştirilmiştir Öğretmenlerden alan bilgilerini teknolojik araçlara entegre ederek her günün sonunda ders
içerikleri oluşturmaları istenmiştir. Araştırmanın verileri Web 2.0 Araçları Kullanımı Yetkinliği Ölçeği ve yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler ile
toplanmıştır. Araştırma çalışma grubundan elde edilen veriler SPSS 25 paket programı kullanılarak ilişkili örneklemler t testi kullanılarak
analiz edilmiştir. Nitel veriler ise içerik analizi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, fen bilimleri öğretmenlerinin
uygulama sonrası Web 2.0 Araçları Kullanımı Yetkinliği Ölçeğinden aldıkları puanların uygulama öncesi aldıkları puanlara göre anlamlı
bir artış olduğu tespit edilmiştir (t(29)= -14.584, p< .05). Araştırmanın nitel bulgularına bakıldığında fen bilimleri öğretmenleri daha
önce bilmedikleri Web 2.0 araçları hakkında bilgi edindiklerini, uygulama yapmayı öğrendiklerini ve tam yetkinlik kazandıklarını ifade
etmişlerdir. Fen bilimleri öğretmenleri, Web 2.0 araçlarının derslerde kullanımının öğrenci ve öğretmenlere çeşitli faydaları olduğunu
belirtmişlerdir.
During and After the Pandemic: Online Learning Readiness in Flipped Classroom Approaches
Authors: İLİC Ulaş 
Published: January 2024

The manifestation of the alterations witnessed across various domains consequent to the pandemic took shape as remote instruction
within the realm of education. In this process, mostly the flipped learning model was adopted. This approach was implemented during
the pandemic, when education was purely online, and after face to face education was reinitiated. However, learners’ readiness in learning
environments has not been adequately researched. Hence, it was aimed to scrutinize the learner readiness in the flipped learning model
in both online and blended instruction systems. The time-series method was utilized in the research. The study sample was assigned
with the criterion sampling method. The study group included 51 pre-service teachers. The data were gathered at the start and end of
the 2020 fall term and the end of the 2021 fall semester. Findings demonstrated that readiness, learner-control, internet self-efficacy and
online communication self-efficacy levels of the students were similar. Notably, computer self-efficacy and motivation scores exhibited
increments. On the other hand, it was found that the self-directed learning and ease of use parameters exhibited decreases. It was revealed
that the ease of use decreased over time. The study findings would raise the understanding the learner readiness within the framework of
flipped learning, both in fully online and blended formats, thereby enriching the educational discourse