bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Nativity, Age at Migration, and Acculturation on Smoking Among Adult Houston Residents of Mexican Descent
Authors: Wilkinson Anna V. , Spitz Margaret R. , Strom Sara S. , Prokhorov Alexander V. , Barcenas Carlos H. , Cao Yumei , Saunders Katherine C. , Bondy Melissa L. 
Published: May 2005

Objectives. We investigated differences in smoking behaviors between US-and Mexican-born ever smokers and examined the influence of US culture on smoking initiation. Methods. Participants were 5030 adults of Mexican descent enrolled in an ongoing population-based cohort in Houston, Tex. Results. More men than women reported current smoking; rates among US-born women were higher than those among Mexican-born women. Smoking rates among US-born men were higher than earlier published rates among Hispanics and non-Hispanic Whites but similar to rates among African Americans. Current smoking rates among Mexican-born women were lower than published rates for Hispanics, non-Hispanic Whites, and African Americans. Older age, male gender, a higher level of acculturation, more than a high school education, and residing in a census tract with a higher median age predicted history of smoking among US-born participants. Among Mexican-born participants, older age, male gender, a higher level of acculturation, and younger age at migration predicted history of smoking. Conclusions. Smoking interventions for people of Mexican descent should be tailored according to gender, nativity, and acculturation level and should target all ages, not just young people.
Strain differences in the distribution of NDP‐ase labelled microglia in the normal rabbit retina
Authors: Humphrey Martin F. , Moore Stephen R. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractNucleoside diphosphatase (NDP‐ase) labelled microglial cells were examined in retinas of three strains of rabbit, the New Zealand White (albino), the Canberra Half‐Lop, and the Dutch Belted. The distribution in the nerve fibre and inner plexiform layers was similar in all strains. However, the outer plexiform layer (OPL) of Dutch‐Belted rabbits was completely covered with a population of non‐overlapping NDP‐ase positive microglia while the OPL of New Zealand White and Half‐Lop strains contained only occasional isolated cells. In the Dutch‐Belted strain the area covered by the processes of each cell was less in central than peripheral retina where the cell density was lower. In the central retina of the New Zealand White and Half‐Lop strains the cells covered an area similar to that of peripheral Dutch‐Belted cells, suggesting that they were at a low density and there was no hidden population of cells. This finding was confirmed by Griffonia simplicifolia lectin labelling. Therefore the data is consistent with there being a strain variation in OPL microglia. The intensity of NDP‐ase label in the IPL and GCL was less in the New Zealand White and Half‐Lop strains and although the intensity increased after retinal injury it never reached that of the Dutch‐Belted retinas. These variations in the intensity of NDP‐ase expression and the localization of microglial cells may be important in inflammation and also for CNS function. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
TGF‐βs upregulate NCAM and L1 expression in cultured Schwann cells, suppress cyclic AMP–induced expression of O4 and galactocerebroside, and are widely expressed in cells of the Schwann cell lineage in vivo
Authors: Stewart Helen J. S. , Rougon Genevieve , Dong Ziping , Dean Charlotte , Jessen Kristjan R. , Mirsky Rhona 
Published: May 2005

AbstractWe have examined both how the molecular phenotype of Schwann cells in vitro is regulated by transforming growth factor β (TGF‐β), using immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting, and the distribution of TGF‐β2 and 3 in embryonic and mature nerves and ganglia, using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridisation. We find that TGF‐β2 and ‐3 upregulate expression of the neural cell adhesion molecules NCAM and L1. In TGF‐β‐treated cultures, in addition to the 140 and 120 kD isoforms known to be present in Schwann cells, small amounts of the 180 kD isoform can be detected. TGF‐βs also block cAMP‐induced expression of the lipid antigens galactocerebroside (GalC) and O4, in addition to blocking expression of protein zero (P0), the major peripheral myelin glycoprotein, as previously shown.Using antibodies specific to TGF‐β2 and −3, respectively, we confirm the presence of these proteins in myelin‐forming Schwann cells and show also that TGF‐β2 and −3 are clearly expressed by peripheral glia that are not involved in myelination. This includes Schwann cell precursors, embryonic Schwann cells, non‐myelin‐forming Schwann cells and satellite cells from adult nerves and ganglia, and neonatal Schwann cells in purified cultures without neurones. In situ hybridisation with a digoxygenin‐labelled riboprobe reveals a strong TGF‐β3 mRNA signal in Schwann cells, satellite cells, and some neurones. Schwann cells in culture also secrete TGF‐β in a latent form, whereas purified cultures of dorsal root ganglion neurones from 1‐day‐old rats secrete active TGFß during the first 48 h in culture. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cytotoxic T cells are preferentially activated in the duodenal epithelium from patients with florid coeliac disease
Authors: Buri Caroline , Burri Philipp , Bähler Peter , Straumann Alex , Müller‐Schenker Beatrice , Birrer Stefan , Mueller Christoph 
Published: May 2005

AbstractVillous atrophy and increased numbers of intraepithelial T cells in duodenal biopsies represent a hallmark of coeliac disease. In the present study, an attempt has been made to define whether cytotoxic cell subsets are activated in situ in the affected mucosa of susceptible individuals early after ingestion of a gluten‐containing diet. Duodenal biopsies from 11 patients with coeliac disease who repeatedly underwent endoscopic biopsy after ingestion of individually dosed amounts of gluten were used for immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. To identify the cell subsets expressing perforin mRNA and protein, in situ hybridization and FACS analyses were performed on cells isolated from fresh biopsies. Compared with normal mucosa, the number of intraepithelial lymphocytes containing perforin mRNA and protein increased significantly in tissue samples showing moderate or florid coeliac disease and closely paralleled the severity of morphological alteration, whereas the frequency of perforin‐expressing lamina propria lymphocytes increased only moderately. Cells isolated from florid biopsies that expressed perforin mRNA and protein were preferentially T‐cell receptor (TCR) αβ T cells. The increase in both the absolute number and the percentage of lymphocytes expressing perforin mRNA indicates in situ activation of lymphocytes within the epithelial compartment in florid coeliac disease upon ingestion of a gluten‐containing diet in patients predisposed to coeliac disease. Copyright © 2005 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chondromyxoid fibroma resembles in vitro chondrogenesis, but differs in expression of signalling molecules
Authors: Romeo Salvatore , Bovée Judith VMG , Grogan Shawn P , Taminiau Antonie HM , Eilers Paul HC , Cleton‐Jansen Anne Marie , Mainil‐Varlet Pierre , Hogendoorn Pancras CW 
Published: May 2005

AbstractChondromyxoid fibroma is a rare benign cartilaginous bone tumour characterized by morphological features that resemble different steps of chondrogenesis in terms of both cellular morphology, ranging from spindled to rounded cells, and the extracellular matrix formed, which ranges from fibrous to cartilaginous. The presence in chondromyxoid fibroma of signalling molecules that regulate the spatial expression of proteins involved in normal cartilage proliferation and differentiation was investigated in samples from 20 patients and compared with articular chondrocytes from 11 normal donors cultivated in 3D pellet culture. Sections were stained with safranin‐O and H&E, and immunohistochemistry was performed for p16, cyclin D1, FGFR3, BCL2, p21, PTHLH, PTHR1 and N‐cadherin. Expression patterns were analysed using hierarchical clustering. In chondromyxoid fibroma, specific morphological features correlated with a distinct pattern of expression. Comparison with normal chondrocytes in pellet culture showed a striking morphological resemblance, but with an unmistakably different pattern of expression. N‐cadherin, PTHLH, and PTHR1 were expressed to a significantly higher level (p < 0.01) in articular chondrocyte pellets but, conversely, there was significantly lower expression of cyclin D1, p16 and BCL2 (p < 0.05) in these cells. Morphological similarities reflect common steps in cartilage differentiation, albeit driven by different molecular mechanisms. The proteins we have found to be differentially expressed seem crucial for neoplastic chondrogenesis. Copyright © 2005 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Safety and Effectiveness of Left Hepatic Trisegmentectomy for Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Shimada Kazuaki , Sano Tsuyoshi , Sakamoto Yoshihiro , Kosuge Tomoo 
Published: May 2005

AbstractLeft hepatic trisegmentectomy has been performed for huge malignant tumors, but it is rarely applied in patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Twelve consecutive patients (7 men and 5 women; mean age, 64 years) underwent left hepatic trisegmentectomy in our institution between January 2000 and December 2003. The preoperative management and postoperative outcomes of this surgical procedure were presented and retrospectively analyzed. Preoperative biliary drainage and portal vein embolization were performed in 6 patients (50%) and 9 patients (75%), respectively. The preoperative estimated volume ratio of the posterior segment /the whole liver was 44.8 ± 7.0% (34.3–54.3), the plasma retention rate of indocyanine green at 15 minutes was 8.6 ± 2.2% (4.7–13.7), and the serum total bilirubin level before surgery was 1.0 ± 0.4 mg/dl (0.4–1.7). The serum total bilirubin level on the first postoperative day was 3.3 ± 0.4 mg/dl (1.4–6.2). There was no hospital death or postoperative hepatic failure. The incidence of positive resectional margin was 25%. With biliary decompression and preoperative portal embolization techniques, left hepatic trisegmentectomy was a safe and curative resectional option for hilar cholangiocarcinoma.
Malignant Metastatic Insulinoma—Postoperative Treatment and Follow‐up
Authors: Starke Achim , Saddig Christiane , Mansfeld Lothar , Koester Rainer , Tschahargane Cyrus , Czygan Peter , Goretzki Peter 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe rarity of malignant insulinoma limits reports on therapeutic strategies and outcome. The treatment and follow‐up of 10 patients, all presenting an insulinoma with metastatic disease of the liver and newly diagnosed between 1992 and 2002, is reported. Pancreatic surgery with successful removal of the primary tumor preferentially located in the tail was performed in 7 women and 3 men, median age 55 years (range 36–82 years). If appropriate, 5 patients underwent additional hepatic surgery and lymph node resections. Liver metastases as the major cause of postoperatively persistent hypoglycemia were subsequently treated by repeated transarterial hepatic chemoembolization and chemoperfusion protocols using high‐dose transhepatic streptozocin perfusions (3–4 g per session). The current median survival time for all 10 patients is 2.6 years (range: 1.6–9.7 years). Six patients are currently alive with a median survival of 3.7 years (1.7–9.7 years), five of them with stable disease and free of hypoglycemia. Four patients died after a median survival of 1.8 years (range: 1.6–7.5 years) from complications of unmanageable hypoglycemia. It is concluded that the necessity to treat debiliating and life‐threatening hypoglycemia in metastatic malignant insulinoma warrants the option of radical endocrine surgery in combination with extended and repeated postoperative chemoembolization of liver metastases.
Indication of Hepatectomy for Cirrhotic Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Classified as Child‐Pugh Class B
Authors: Nakahara Hideki , Itamoto Toshiyuki , Katayama Koji , Ohdan Hideki , Hino Hiroshi , Ochi Makoto , Tashiro Hirotaka , Asahara Toshimasa 
Published: May 2005

AbstractWe clarified the indication of partial hepatectomy in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with liver cirrhosis classified as Child‐Pugh class B. Univariate analysis revealed that adverse prognostic factors were (1) the presence of ascites, (2) elevated total bilirubin (1.5 mg/dl or higher), (3) reduced choline esterase (160 IU/ or lower), (4) elevated alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) (400 ng/ml or higher), (5) microscopic vascular invasion, and (6) non‐curative hepatectomy. Microvascular invasion was excluded in the multivariate analysis because this factor could not be predicted before hepatectomy. Multivariate analysis revealed that independent adverse prognostic factors were (1) elevated total bilirubin (1.5 mg/dl or higher), (2) presence of ascites, (3) elevated AFP (400 ng/ml or higher), and (4) non‐curative hepatectomy. The overall 5‐year survival rate of patients with none of or only one of the four adverse prognostic factors was 45.8%. The overall 5‐year survival rate of patients with two or more adverse prognostic factors was only 7.0%. Partial hepatectomy is the first choice of treatment for patients with none of or only one of the four adverse prognostic factors, whereas orthotopic liver transplantation or other conservative treatment should be considered for patients with two or more adverse prognostic factors.
Eleven Years of Liver Trauma: The Scottish Experience
Authors: Scollay John M. , Beard Diana , Smith Rik , McKeown Dermot , Garden O. James , Parks Rowan 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe aim of this population based study was to assess the incidence, mechanisms, management, and outcome of patients who sustained hepatic trauma in Scotland (population 5 million) over the period 1992–2002. The Scottish Trauma Audit Group database was searched for details of any patient with liver trauma. Data on identified patients were analyzed for demographic information, mechanisms of injury, associated injuries, hemodynamic stability on presentation, management, and outcome. A total of 783 patients were identified as having sustained liver trauma. The male‐to‐female ratio was 3:1 with a median age of 31 years. Blunt trauma (especially road traffic accidents) accounted for 69% of injuries. Liver trauma was associated with injuries to the chest, head, and abdominal injuries other than liver injury; most commonly spleen and kidneys. In all, 166 patients died in the emergency department, and a further 164 died in hospital. The mortality rate was higher in patients with increasing age (p < 0.001), hemodynamic instability (p < 0.001), blunt trauma (p < 0.001), and increasing severity of liver injury (p < 0.001). The incidence of liver trauma in Scotland is low, but it accounts for significant mortality. Associated injuries were common. Outcome was worse in patients with advanced age, blunt trauma, multiple injuries and those requiring an immediate laparotomy.
Protein C as an Early Marker of Severe Septic Complications in Diffuse Secondary Peritonitis
Authors: Karamarkovic Aleksandar , Radenkovic Dejan , Milic Natasa , Bumbasirevic Vesna , Stefanovic Branislav 
Published: May 2005

AbstractTo evaluate the predictive value of protein C as a marker of severity in patients with diffuse peritonitis and abdominal sepsis, protein C levels were repeatedly determined and compared with serum levels of antithrombin III, plasminogen, α2‐antiplasmin, Plasminogen activator inhibitor, D‐dimer, C1‐inhibitor, high molecular weight kininogen, and the C5a, C5b‐9 fragments of the complement system. We carried out a prospective study from 44 patients with severe peritonitis confirmed by laparotomy and 15 patients undergoing elective ventral hernia repair who acted as controls. Analyzed biochemical parameters were determined before operations and on days 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, and 14 after operations. For the study group, preoperative average protein C level was significantly lower in the patients who developed septic shock in the late course of the disease, with lethal outcome, than in the patients with severe peritonitis and sepsis who survived (p = 0.0001). In non‐survivors, protein C activity remained decreased below 70%, whereas the course of survivors was characterized by increased values that were significantly higher (p < 0.03) at every time point than in those patients who died. Protein C was of excellent predictive value and achieved a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 87.5% in discriminating survivors from non‐survivors within the first 48 hours of the study (AUC‐0.917; p < 0.001), with a “cut‐off” level of 66.0%. As for the control group, throughout the study period, protein C activity was permanently maintained within the range of normal, with significant differences with reference to the study group (p < 0.01). These results suggest that protein C represents a sensitive and early marker for the prediction of severe septic complications during diffuse peritonitis, and of outcome.
The Effects of Cetrimide–Chlorhexidine Combination on the Hepato‐Pancreatico‐Biliary System
Authors: Tozar Elvan , Topcu Omer , Karayalcin Kaan , Akbay Serap Ilhan , Hengirmen Suleyman 
Published: May 2005

AbstractSclerosing cholangitis is a rare but dreadful complication of liver hydatid surgery. Almost all scolocidal agents are associated clinically or experimentally with this complication. Cetrimide–chlorhexidine combination is the most potent scolocidal agent, and this study was designed to examine its effect on the hepato‐pancreatico‐biliary system. Forty Wistar‐albino rats were divided into two groups. 0.5% cetrimide–0.05% chlorhexidine was injected into the biliary tract of study group animals and 0.9% saline ( NaCl ) into the control group through a 3‐mm duodenotomy. The animals were sacrificed after 90 days and histopathological examination of the liver, biliary tract, and pancreas was performed 90 days after the biliary injection. The histopathological examination showed that the lesions ranged from focal necrosis to sclerosing cholangitis to liver cirrhosis. Focal necrosis and eosinophilic inflammation were observed in all rats in the study group. The changes in the liver, biliary tract, and pancreas of the study group animals were significantly more severe than those in the control group (p < 0.05). This experimental study confirms the deleterious effect of another scolocidal agents on the hepato‐pancreatico‐biliary system. Although it is a very effective scolocidal agent, it should not be used in the presence of a duct biliary–cyst communication.
Young people, drug use and family conflict: Pathways into homelessness
Authors: Mallett Shelley , Rosenthal Doreen , Keys Deborah 
Published: May 2005

AbstractYoung people who experience homelessness, in Australia and in other western contexts (US, Canada, England), are widely perceived to use and abuse alcohol and drugs. The available research indicates that homeless young people use all drug types, whether injected or otherwise, more frequently than their home‐based peers. Debate exists in the research and policy literature about whether drug use is a cause or consequence of homelessness. In a study exploring homeless young peoples reasons for leaving home, we examined the relationship between young people's drug use and their pathways into homelessness. Brief qualitative interviews were conducted with 302 homeless young people (12–20 years). Following a thematic analysis of interview transcripts, four pathways into homelessness involving personal or familial drug use were identified. One‐third of the participants indicated that personal or familial drug use was a critical factor in them leaving home. Of these, just over half indicated that personal drug use was a direct or indirect cause of their homelessness and one‐quarter indicated that familial drug and alcohol use was the critical factor that led them to leaving home. One‐quarter indicated that their drug use only began after they became homeless. Family conflict, if not family breakdown, was implicated in all four pathways out of home.
Interannual changes in recruitment of the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) population in the River Oir (Lower Normandy, France): relationships with spawners and in-stream habitat
Authors: Baglinière Jean-Luc , Marchand Frédéric , Vauclin Vincent 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
Since 1985, the dynamics of the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) population in the River Oir, a spawning tributary of the River Sélune (Lower Normandy, France), have been studied from a data set of parr density and the number and the age structure of migrating fish (smolts and adults). Parr densities (1.5–17.4 per 100 m2) and smolt production (0.25–9.2 per 100 m2) varied considerably from year to year. Migrating juveniles were mainly 1 year old. Abundance of parr and smolts was strongly correlated with 0+ densities. Egg-to-smolt survival rates were highly variable year on year (0.044–1.07%). During the juvenile freshwater phase, mortality was highest between the egg and the 0+ stage (97.5–99.9%). The fluctuations in abundance of juvenile salmon appear to be linked to the number and distribution of spawners within the stream during spawning, and also to the amount of silt deposition on the spawning beds. As a result, mortality was highest during the under-gravel phase, and the mean survival rate from egg to smolt was much lower than in rivers less impacted by human activities. Therefore, during the study period, the low production of smolts during some years might lead to a low renewal rate of the salmon population.
Expression and activation of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors in growth plate chondrocytes
Authors: Shao Yvonne Y. , Wang Lai , Hicks David G. , Tarr Shannon , Ballock R. Tracy 
Published: May 2005

AbstractPeroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPAR‐γ) is a nuclear hormone receptor that is involved in a wide range of cellular processes. Although it is known that PPAR‐γ plays an important role in cell cycle control, inflammation, apoptotic cell death, and other cellular processes, the role of PPAR‐γ in the normal and pathological function of growth plate chondrocytes has not been investigated. The purpose of this study was to determine if PPARs are expressed in growth plate chondrocytes and to describe the biological effect of PPAR activation in these cells. The results demonstrate the presence of three PPAR isoforms (α, δ, and γ) in growth plate cartilage. Activation of PPAR‐γ by ciglitazone in growth plate chondrocytes inhibits T3 induced terminal differentiation and promotes apoptosis through increased levels of caspase 3/7 activity and decreased expression of the anti‐apoptotic protein Bcl‐2. © 2005 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.