bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Myopia progression after cessation of atropine in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lee Ssu-Hsien , Tsai Ping-Chiao , Chiu Yu-Chieh , Wang Jen-Hung , Chiu Cheng-Jen 
Published: January 2024

Purpose: To comprehensively assess rebound effects by comparing myopia progression during atropine treatment and after discontinuation.Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane CENTRAL, and ClinicalTrials.gov was conducted up to 20 September 2023, using the keywords “myopia," “rebound,” and “discontinue." Language restrictions were not applied, and reference lists were scrutinized for relevant studies. Our study selection criteria focused on randomized control trials and interventional studies involving children with myopia, specifically those treated with atropine or combination therapies for a minimum of 6 months, followed by a cessation period of at least 1 month. The analysis centered on reporting annual rates of myopia progression, considering changes in spherical equivalent (SE) or axial length (AL). Data extraction was performed by three independent reviewers, and heterogeneity was assessed using I2 statistics. A random-effects model was applied, and effect sizes were determined through weighted mean differences with 95% confidence intervals Our primary outcome was the evaluation of rebound effects on spherical equivalent or axial length. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on cessation and treatment durations, dosage levels, age, and baseline SE to provide a nuanced understanding of the data.Results: The analysis included 13 studies involving 2060 children. Rebound effects on SE were significantly higher at 6 months (WMD, 0.926 D/y; 95%CI, 0.288–1.563 D/y; p = .004) compared to 12 months (WMD, 0.268 D/y; 95%CI, 0.077–0.460 D/y; p = .006) after discontinuation of atropine. AL showed similar trends, with higher rebound effects at 6 months (WMD, 0.328 mm/y; 95%CI, 0.165–0.492 mm/y; p &lt; .001) compared to 12 months (WMD, 0.121 mm/y; 95%CI, 0.02–0.217 mm/y; p = .014). Sensitivity analyses confirmed consistent results. Shorter treatment durations, younger age, and higher baseline SE levels were associated with more pronounced rebound effects. Transitioning or stepwise cessation still caused rebound effects but combining optical therapy with atropine seemed to prevent the rebound effects.Conclusion: Our meta-analysis highlights the temporal and dose-dependent rebound effects after discontinuing atropine. Individuals with shorter treatment durations, younger age, and higher baseline SE tend to experience more significant rebound effects. Further research on the rebound effect is warranted.Systematic Review Registration: [https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=463093], identifier [registration number]
Response of bacterial community metabolites to bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum: a multi-omics analysis
Authors: Wei Chengjian , Liang Jinchang , Wang Rui , Chi Luping , Wang Wenjing , Tan Jun , Shi Heli , Song Xueru , Cui Zhenzhen , Xie Qiang , Cheng Dejie , Wang Xiaoqiang 
Published: January 2024

The soil microbial community plays a critical role in promoting robust plant growth and serves as an effective defence mechanism against root pathogens. Current research has focused on unravelling the compositions and functions of diverse microbial taxa in plant rhizospheres invaded by Ralstonia solanacearum, however, the specific mechanisms by which key microbial groups with distinct functions exert their effects remain unclear. In this study, we employed a combination of amplicon sequencing and metabolomics analysis to investigate the principal metabolic mechanisms of key microbial taxa in plant rhizosphere soil. Compared to the healthy tobacco rhizosphere samples, the bacterial diversity and co-occurrence network of the diseased tobacco rhizosphere soil were significantly reduced. Notably, certain genera, including Gaiella, Rhodoplanes, and MND1 (Nitrosomonadaceae), were found to be significantly more abundant in the rhizosphere of healthy plants than in that of diseased plants. Eight environmental factors, including exchangeable magnesium, available phosphorus, and pH, were found to be crucial factors influencing the composition of the microbial community. Ralstonia displayed negative correlations with pH, exchangeable magnesium, and cation exchange flux, but showed a positive correlation with available iron. Furthermore, metabolomic analysis revealed that the metabolic pathways related to the synthesis of various antibacterial compounds were significantly enriched in the healthy group. The correlation analysis results indicate that the bacterial genera Polycyclovorans, Lysobacter, Pseudomonas, and Nitrosospira may participate in the synthesis of antibacterial compounds. Collectively, our findings contribute to a more in-depth understanding of disease resistance mechanisms within healthy microbial communities and provide a theoretical foundation for the development of targeted strategies using beneficial microorganisms to suppress disease occurrence.
COVID-19 prevention and control measures and experiences during the 14th National Games of China: a qualitative interview study
Authors: Li Nan , Hou Shike , Zhang Yongzhong , Yao Lulu , Li Tiantian 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundThe 14th National Games was the first sporting mass gathering to be held in China in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. It may increase the risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 transmission. In order to reduce the spread of the virus during the 14th National Games, the Chinese government took a series of public health measures, and ultimately no confirmed cases were found in the 14th National Games venues.ObjectiveThis study aimed to discuss preventive and control measures used to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic during the 14th National Games.MethodsFive experts were selected for this study using a snowball sampling method, and semistructured and in-depth interviews were conducted. Based on grounded theory, the transcriptions were analysed and coded using Nvivo 12 software.ResultsA theoretical model of the COVID-19 prevention and control measures at the 14th National Games of China was constructed. The model contains seven main components: the health risks of mass gatherings, crowd management, emergency medical care, allocation of emergency medical resources, pandemic emergency drills, the pandemic prevention and control management platform (Quanyuntong app), and emergency response plans.ConclusionThe study showed that the deployment of emergency medical resources was the most important for mass gatherings. This study not only expanded the applications of grounded theory but also serves as a reference for future scholars when conducting more in-depth empirical studies on public health countermeasures for mass gatherings and can inform organizers when holding mass gatherings.
Association between oxidative balance score and prostate specific antigen among older US adults
Authors: Li Jintao , Yang Chao , Xiang Kui 
Published: January 2024

ObjectiveOxidative Balance Score (OBS) is an index affecting the oxidative stress of dietary and lifestyle factors. We aimed to explore the association of OBS with prostate specific antigen (PSA) among older males.MethodsA total of 5,136 samples were collected in this study to investigate the relationship between OBS and PSA from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Logistic regression models and restricted cubic spline were used to assess the associations between OBS and PSA.ResultsCompared with the Q1 group, the odds ratios for the association between OBS and PSA were 1.005 (1.003, 1.009), 1.003 (1.001, 1.006), and 1.001 (0.978, 1.022) for Q2, Q3, and Q4, respectively. In the age-specific analyses, the association was significant among individuals aged 65 years old and over: the odds ratios for the association between OBS and PSA were 1.019 (1.005, 1.028), 1.028 (1.018, 1.039), and 1.038 (1.022, 1.049) for Q2, Q3, and Q4, respectively. But it was not significant among individuals aged less than 65 years old: the odds ratios for the association between OBS and PSA were 1.016 (0.995, 1.026), 1.015 (0.985, 1.022), and 0.988 (0.978, 1.016) for Q2, Q3, and Q4, respectively. The restricted cubic splines also indicated a nonlinear relationship between OBS and PSA among individuals aged 65 years old and over (Poverall = 0.006, Pnonlinear = 0.021).ConclusionOur findings provide evidence that OBS is positively associated with higher levels of PSA among older adults. Further large-scale prospective cohort studies are needed to verify our findings.
Awareness and utilization of pre-exposure prophylaxis and HIV prevention services among transgender and non-binary adolescent and young adults
Authors: Rodriguez Arianna , Horvath Keith J. , Dowshen Nadia , Voss Raina , Warus Jonathan , Jacobs Megan , Kidd Kacie M. , Inwards-Breland David J. , Blumenthal Jill 
Published: January 2024

IntroductionTransgender and gender non-binary (TGNB) individuals are disproportionally affected by HIV and face high rates of discrimination and stigmatization, resulting in limited access to HIV prevention services. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is highly efficacious for reducing the risk of HIV transmission. However, little research is available regarding PrEP awareness and utilization among TGNB adolescents and young adults (AYA).MethodsTGNB AYA ages 15–24 years old were recruited between December 2021 and November 2022 for participation in a one-time, anonymous online survey study to assess PrEP awareness and perceptions, as well as barriers to its use. Participants were recruited from seven academic centers offering gender-affirming care to TGNB AYA across the United States.ResultsOf the 156 TGNB AYA individuals who completed the survey, most (67%) were aware of PrEP; however, few (7%) had been prescribed PrEP. Many (60%) had not spoken to a medical provider and, even if the medication was free and obtained confidentially, most participants did not plan to take PrEP due to low perceived HIV risk, lack of PrEP knowledge, and concern about interactions between their hormone therapy and PrEP.DiscussionThese findings underscore the need for broad PrEP educational efforts for both TGNB AYA and their providers to improve knowledge, identify potential PrEP candidates among TGNB AYA and improve access by addressing identified barriers.
Determination of Phenethyl Isothiocyanate, Erucin, Iberverin, and Erucin Nitrile Concentrations in Healthy and Pieris rapae-Infected Broccoli Tissues Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Mesimeri Irene-Dimitra , Revelou Panagiota-Kyriaki , Constantinou-Kokotou Violetta , Kokotou Maroula G. 
Published: January 2024

Cruciferous vegetables (Brassicaceae family) are a rich source of phytochemicals, in particular glucosinolates (GLS) and their hydrolysis products, isothiocyanates and nitriles. These phytochemicals may act as chemosensors, attracting insects, such as Pieris rapae, and stimulating oviposition. There is a lack of information on the concentrations of isothiocyanates and nitriles when an insect affects a Brassicaceae plant. In the current study, some GLS hydrolysis products were determined in healthy and Pieris rapae-infected organic cultivated broccoli plants, as well as the infesting insects’ larvae, using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). This study investigated the following phytochemicals: phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), erucin (ER), 3-(methylthio)propyl isothiocyanate (3MIC), and 1-cyano-4-(methylthio)butane (5MITN). All these components were quantified in the aerial and underground parts of the plants and were found in high concentrations in the roots. Among the phytochemicals studied, 5MITN presented the highest concentration in all the broccoli samples but was especially high in the stalks of the infected plants. Moreover, the analysis of a sample of Pieris rapae larvae, fed from the hosted broccoli, revealed the presence of PEITC and ER. These findings indicate that the infestation of broccoli with Pieris rapae may affect the distribution of PEITC, ER, 3MIC, and 5MITN throughout the plant. An extension of our study to conventional cultivated broccoli showed that the roots are indeed rich in GLS hydrolysis products.
Investigating the impact of kallikrein 4 gene polymorphism on caries severity and development in divers age groups of pregnant women during caries prevention
Authors: Lukashevich I. K. , Gorbunova I. L. , Skripkina G. I. , Lukashevich L. V. 
Published: January 2024

Relevance. The progression of caries during pregnancy is significantly influenced by the resistance of dental tissues against demineralization. The degree of resistance in dental enamel is influenced by its genetic determinants, encompassing structural and morphological properties. The kallikrein 4 (KLK4) gene plays a pivotal role as a primary enzyme in dental enamel formation. Consequently, evaluating the effectiveness of various preventive measures on dental enamel necessitates consideration of KLK4 gene mutations.Material and methods. An examination was conducted on a cohort of 322 pregnant women. Key indices assessed included OHI-S, DMF, DMFs, ∆DMF, and ∆DMFs. Oral fluid analysis encompassed parameters such as Ca, P, Ca/P-molar ratio, рН, Ca2+, pK+, pNa+. The sediment of oral fluid was examined for ∆рН and ∆Ca. DNA sample was isolated from venous blood obtained from the participants.Results. The G/G polymorphism of the KLK4 gene at positions G2664153A and G2142А did not exhibit a statistically significant association with an increase in the ∆DMFs index during caries prevention, a finding consistent across both discussed tools for exogenous caries prevention in this study. In case of heterozygous KLK4 G/A polymorphism with the dominant G allele, the application of Enamel Sealing Liquid showed a tendency towards higher ∆DMF and ∆DMFs indices over a 12-month follow-up period. When pregnant patients with heterozygous dominant G allele mutations were treated with the triple-component calcium-fluorine-phosphate-containing gel, there were no observed elevations in these indices. The amplified production of KLK4 A/A polymorphism was associated with a statistically significant rise in ∆DMF and ∆DMFs indices, accompanied by alterations in certain oral fluid parameters. These changes included reduced active calcium levels and Ca/P molar ratio, along with elevated levels of phosphates and electrolytes. Enhanced demineralizing activity was observed in the oral fluid sediment.Conclusion. The effectiveness of caries prevention tools during pregnancy is contingent upon the genotypic diversity of KLK4 gene polymorphism at the G2664153A and G2142А mutation points.
Overprescribing of potentially harmful medication: an observational study in England’s general practice
Authors: Khan Tasneem , Copsey Bethan , Carder Paul , Johnson Stella , Imran Mohammed , Wang Kaiwen , Alderson Sarah 
Published: January 2024

Background
Overprescribing of potentially harmful medication in UK general practice has a complex association with socioeconomic deprivation.

Aim
To assess trends in general practice prescribing of five high-risk medications and their relationship with deprivation.

Design & setting
An observational study was conducted using general practice data from three English regions with varied sociodemographic factors: West Yorkshire and Harrogate (WY), Black Country and West Birmingham (BC), and Surrey and East Sussex (SE).

Method
Practice-level prescribing data were obtained from 2016–2021 for five drug classes: opioids, hypnotics, gabapentinoids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and antibacterials. Prescribing trends were demonstrated using a linear model.

Results
Reduction in NSAID, opioid, hypnotic and antibacterial prescriptions, and the increase in gabapentinoid prescriptions, were significant at each financial year time period. Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) was positively associated with all drug classes except antibacterials, which showed a positive association when incorporating the interaction term between IMD and age.

When adjusting for IMD and population, region was independently associated with prescribing rate. Compared with WY, IMD had a smaller association with prescribing in BC for NSAIDs (coefficient = −0.01578,
P
= 0.004) and antibacterials (coefficient = −0.02769,
P
= 0.007), whereas IMD had a greater association with prescribing in SE for NSAIDs (coefficient = 0.02443,
P
<0.001), opioids (coefficient = 0.08919,
P
<0.001), hypnotics (coefficient = 0.09038,
P
<0.001), gabapentinoids (coefficient = 0.1095,
P
<0.001), and antibacterials (coefficient = 0.01601,
P
= 0.19).

Conclusion
The association of socioeconomic deprivation with overprescribing of high-risk medication in general practice varies by region and drug type. Geographical location is associated with overprescribing, independent of socioeconomic status.
Multidimensional factors of burnout in general practice: a cross sectional survey
Authors: Bayot Marie , Boone Anke , Godderis Lode , Lenoir Anne-Laure 
Published: January 2024

Background
GPs are particularly vulnerable to job burnout. Tailored prevention and intervention strategies are needed.

Aim
To investigate organisational, interpersonal, and individual factors contributing to exhaustion and disengagement at work among GPs.

Design & setting
We conducted a cross-sectional study in a sample of Belgian GPs.

Method
A total of 358 doctors (73% females, 301 with complete data) completed an online anonymous questionnaire assessing job burnout, psychosocial characteristics of the work environment, perceived social support in the private domain, emotional competence, and self-compassion.

Results

GPs reported moderate levels of exhaustion and disengagement. Regression models showed that included factors jointly explained 69% of the variance in exhaustion and 63% in disengagement. Exhaustion was significantly predicted by female sex (
β
effect size = −0.1), high perceived emotional demands (
β
= 0.19), as well as low self-compassion (
β
= −0.14) and low emotional competence (
β
= 0.09). Disengagement was significantly predicted by low seniority (
β
= −0.12) and limited opportunities for development (
β
= −0.16). Both exhaustion and disengagement were predicted by low perceived quality of work (
β
= −0.19 and −0.14, respectively), meaning of work (
β
= −0.17 and −0.31, respectively), and role clarity (
β
= 0.09 and 0.12, respectively), as well as high perceived work–life conflict (
β
= 0.46 and 0.21, respectively). Moreover, GPs working in a multidisciplinary group reported lower levels of exhaustion and disengagement than those working in a monodisciplinary group or a solo practice, and this difference was associated with factors such as work–life conflict.

Conclusion
Organisational, interpersonal, and intrapersonal factors interact to predict a substantial part of burnout in general practice. The most significant risk factors were perceived work–life conflict and poor meaning of work. Policymakers should work to support more sustainable practices based on the specific needs and constraints reported by GPs.
Contrasting Response of Urine Stone Risk to Medical Treatment in Calcium Oxalate versus Calcium Phosphate Stone Formers
Authors: Steely Audrey , Worcester Elaine , Prochaska Megan 
Published: January 2024

Key Points

Thiazide treatment successfully lowered urine calcium and both calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate supersaturations in both types of stone formers (SFs).Alkali therapy may not confer the same benefits on calcium phosphate SFs as it does on calcium oxalate SFs.

Background
Randomized controlled trials have shown that both thiazide diuretics and potassium citrate (K-Cit) can prevent calcium stone recurrence, but most participants formed calcium oxalate (CaOx) stones. While thiazides are expected to lower risk of calcium phosphate (CaP) stone formation, the effect of K-Cit on risk of CaP stone formation is unclear.

Methods
To study the effect of common calcium stone treatments, we analyzed the 24-hour urines of CaOx and CaP stone formers (SFs) by four treatment types: Lifestyle, K-Cit, Thiazide, or Both medications.

Results
Patients treated with thiazides reduced urine calcium in both CaOx (M=−74.4, SD=94.6 mg/d) and CaP (M=−102, SD=99.7 mg/d) SFs while those on K-Cit had no change in urine calcium. Among CaOx SFs, urine citrate rose in patients administered K-Cit with or without thiazide, but citrate did not rise significantly in CaP SFs. Urine pH rose in all CaOx SFs, but among CaP SFs, only rose in patients receiving K-Cit. CaOx supersaturation (SS) decreased in all patients who received Thiazide, and decreased among CaOx SFs treated with K-Cit. CaP SS decreased in both CaOx SFs (M=−0.46, SD=0.86) and CaP SFs (M=−0.76, SD=0.85) treated with Thiazide, except CaOx SFs who received Both. Patients treated with K-Cit alone increased CaP SS in CaOx SFs (M=0.25, SD=0.79).

Conclusions
Patients treated with Thiazide lowered urine calcium and SS in both stone groups. Patients treated with K-Cit had no significant changes in urine calcium and had a decrease in CaOx SS in CaOx SFs. The study raises questions about the best preventive treatment for patients with CaP stones and suggests that K-Cit may not confer the same benefits on CaP SFs as it does on CaOx SFs.
Prerequisites for the Development of Acute Disorders of Cerebral Circulation and the Choice of Tactics for the Treatment of Patients with an Patent Foramen Ovale in the Heart
Authors: Трисветова Е.Л. 
Published: January 2024

Открытое овальное окно остается функционирующим в постнатальном периоде у 25–34% взрослых людей. Аномалия часто протекает асимптомно, не вызывая патологических изменений, а в случае переноса тромбов из венозной системы в артериальную и эмболии сосудов различных регионов (головного мозга, коронарных, висцеральных, периферических) появляются признаки нарушения кровообращения органов. На протяжении нескольких десятков лет обсуждаются вопросы участия открытого овального окна в развитии ишемического инсульта или транзиторной ишемической атаки, а также инициирующих факторов и степени риска, способов эффективного лечения. Сведения о факторах риска и выборе целесообразного метода лечения для профилактики осложнений ограничены. Опубликованы рекомендации SCAI, обобщающие современные достижения в профилактике повторных ишемических инсультов и тактике лечения открытого овального окна.
The patent foramen ovale remains functional in the postnatal period in 25–34% of adults. The anomaly often proceeds asymptomatically, without causing pathological changes, in the case of the transfer of blood clots from the venous system to the arterial system and embolism of the vessels of various regions (brain, coronary, visceral, peripheral), signs of circulatory disorders appear. For several decades, the involvement of the patent foramen ovale in the development of ischemic stroke, transient ischemic attack, as well as initiating factors and the degree of risk, and methods of effective treatment have been discussed. Information about risk factors and the appropriateness of choosing a method of treatment for the prevention of complications is limited. The SCAI guidelines have been published, summarizing modern achievements in the prevention of recurrent ischemic strokes and the tactics of treating patent foramen ovale.