bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Further results on the maximum size of a hole in an incomplete t‐wise balanced design with specified minimum block size*
Authors: Adamczak I. , Kreher D. L. , Ling A. C. H. , Rees R. S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractKreher and Rees 3 proved that if h is the size of a hole in an incomplete balanced design of order υ and index λ having minimum block size $k \ge t+1$, then,

They showed that when t = 2 or 3, this bound is sharp infinitely often in that for each h ≥ t and each k ≥ t + 1, (t,h,k) ≠(3,3,4), there exists an ItBD meeting the bound. In this article, we show that this bound is sharp infinitely often for every t, viz., for each t ≥ 4 there exists a constant Ct > 0 such that whenever (h − t)(k − t − 1) ≥ Ct there exists an ItBD meeting the bound for some λ = λ(t,h,k). We then describe an algorithm by which it appears that one can obtain a reasonable upper bound on Ct for any given value of t. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs 10: 256–281, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jcd.10014
Significance of cerebrospinal fluid adenosine deaminase isoenzymes in tuberculous (TB) meningitis
Authors: Schutte C.‐M. , Ungerer J.P.J. , du Plessis H. , van der Meyden C.H. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAdenosine deaminase (ADA) exists as two isoenzymes, ADA1 and ADA2. It appears that the ADA2 isoenzyme originates mainly from monocytes and macrophages. In tuberculous pleural effusions most of the ADA activity consists of ADA2. The aim of this prospective study was to analyse ADA isoenzymes in the CSF of patients with meningitis to investigate whether the expected rise of the ADA2 isoenzyme would occur in tuberculous meningitis. ADA isoenzyme analysis was performed on the CSF of 15 patients with tuberculous and 11 patients with bacterial meningitis by an automated kinetic enzyme coupled assay in the presence and absence of a specific ADA inhibitor. The ratio of ADA2/ADATotal was >0.8 in 14/15 patients with tuberculous meningitis. In bacterial meningitis the ratio was ≥0.8 in 10/11 patients. The ADA2 isoenzyme is the major contributor to increased ADA activity in the CSF of patients with tuberculous meningitis, probably reflecting the monocyte–macrophage origin of the ADA. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 15:236–238, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A contemporary psychoanalytic model of countertransference
Authors: Gabbard Glen O. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractOver the last 100 years, countertransference has evolved from a narrow construct referring to the analyst's transference to the patient to a jointly created phenomenon that is ever‐present in the psychotherapeutic situation. In recent years, a myriad of theoretical perspectives have begun to converge around the view that countertransference is partly determined by the therapist's preexisting internal object world and partly influenced by feelings induced by the patient. Countertransference is now regarded as inevitable, and minor enactments of countertransference may provide valuable information about what is being recreated in the therapist–patient dyad. Self‐disclosure of countertransference may be useful in some situations, but the sharing of some feelings will overwhelm patients and burden them in a way that may be destructive to the therapeutic process. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Psychol/In Session 57: 983–991, 2001.
Regulation of human eosinophil NADPH oxidase activity: A central role for PKCδ
Authors: Bankers‐Fulbright Jennifer L. , Kita Hirohito , Gleich Gerald J. , O'Grady Scott M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractEosinophils play a primary role in the pathophysiology of asthma. In the lung, the activation state of the infiltrating eosinophils determines the extent of tissue damage. Interleukin‐5 (IL‐5) and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) are important signaling molecules involved in eosinophil recruitment and activation. However, the physiological processes that regulate these activation events are largely unknown. In this study we have examined the mechanisms of human eosinophil NADPH oxidase regulation by IL‐5, LTB4, and phorbol ester (PMA). These stimuli activate a Zn2+‐sensitive plasma membrane proton channel, and treatment of eosinophils with Zn2+ blocks superoxide production. We have demonstrated that eosinophil intracellular pH is not altered by IL‐5 activation of NADPH oxidase. Additionally, PKCδ inhibitors block PMA, IL‐5 and LTB4 mediated superoxide formation. Interestingly, the PKCδ‐selective inhibitor, rottlerin, does not block proton channel activation by PMA indicating that the oxidase and the proton conductance are regulated at distinct phosphorylation sites. IL‐5 and LTB4, but not PMA, stimulated superoxide production is also blocked by inhibitors of PI 3‐kinase indicating that activation of this enzyme is an upstream event common to both receptor signaling pathways. Our results indicate that the G‐protein‐coupled LTB4 receptor and the IL‐5 cytokine receptor converge on a common signaling pathway involving PI 3‐kinase and PKCδ to regulate NADPH oxidase activity in human eosinophils. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of the aquaporin 8 water channel in a rat salivary epithelial cell line†
Authors: Hoque A.T.M. Shamsul , Yamano Seiichi , Liu Xibao , Swaim William D. , Goldsmith Corinne M. , Delporte Christine , Baum Bruce J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAquaporins are a family of water channels considered to play an important role in fluid transport across plasma membranes. Among the reported isoforms, relatively little is known about the functional role of aquaporin 8 (AQP8), and there are no cell lines known to express the AQP8 protein. We report here that the rat submandibular epithelial cell line, SMIE, expresses AQP8. Using RT‐PCR, the presence of mRNA for AQP8 was demonstrated in these cells. Confocal immunofluorescence experiments revealed that the AQP8 protein is primarily present in the apical membranes of SMIE cells. When grown as a polarized monolayer on collagen coated polycarbonate filters, and exposed on their apical surface to different hyperosmotic (440, 540, or 640 mOsm) solutions, net fluid movement across SMIE cells was 8–25‐fold that seen under isosmotic conditions. Similarly, when grown on coverslips and then exposed to a hypertonic solution, SMIE cells shrunk as a function of time. Together, these results suggest that SMIE cells endogenously express functional AQP8 water channels. Published 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adhesion of epithelial cells to fibronectin or collagen I induces alterations in gene expression via a protein kinase C‐dependent mechanism
Authors: Lam Kirby , Zhang Lianfeng , Yamada Kenneth M. , Lafrenie Robert M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAdhesion of human salivary gland (HSG) epithelial cells to fibronectin‐ or collagen I gel‐coated substrates, mediated by β1 integrins, has been shown to upregulate the expression of more than 30 genes within 3–6 h. Adhesion of HSG cells to fibronectin or collagen I for 6 h also enhanced total protein kinase C (PKC) activity by 1.8–2.3‐fold. HSG cells expressed PKC‐α, γ, δ, ε, μ, and ζ. Adhesion of HSG cells to fibronectin or collagen I specifically activated PKC‐γ and PKC‐δ. Cytoplasmic PKC‐γ and PKC‐δ became membrane‐associated, and immunoprecipitated PKC‐γ and PKC‐δ kinase activities were enhanced 2.5–4.0‐fold in HSG cells adherent to fibronectin or collagen I. In addition, adhesion of fibronectin‐coated beads to HSG monolayers co‐aggregated β1 integrin and PKC‐γ and PKC‐δ but not other PKC isoforms. Thus, integrin‐dependent adhesion of HSG cells to fibronectin or collagen I activated PKC‐γ and PKC‐δ. The role of this PKC upregulation on adhesion‐responsive gene expression was then tested. HSG cells were treated with the specific PKC inhibitor bisindolylmaleimide I, cultured on non‐precoated, fibronectin‐ or collagen I‐coated substrates, and analyzed for changes in adhesion‐responsive gene expression. Bisindolylmaleimide I strongly inhibited the expression of seven adhesion‐responsive genes including calnexin, decorin, S‐adenosylmethionine decarboxylase, steroid sulfatase, and 3 mitochondrial genes. However, the expression of two adhesion‐responsive genes was not affected by bisindolylmaleimide I. Treatment with bisindolylmaleimide I did not affect cell spreading and did not significantly affect the actin cytoskeleton. These data suggest that adhesion of HSG cells to fibronectin or collagen I induces PKC activity and that this induction contributes to the upregulation of a variety of adhesion‐responsive genes. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Occupational toxic risks in dental laboratory technicians
Authors: Choël Léon , Grosgogeat Brigitte , Bourgeois Denis , Descotes Jacques 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDental laboratory technicians use a wide range of materials and techniques. They are thus subject to occupational exposures of many different kinds. The aim of this review is to present the circumstances of exposure, the related risks, and the epidemiological data available in the literature. Exposures to metals, waxes, resins and silica can cause irritation or allergic reactions, affecting either the skin or the respiratory tract. The risks of benign pneumoconiosis induced by hard metals are well documented. A prevalence of 15.4% after 20 or more years of exposure has been reported, whereas the prevalence in the general population is less than 1%. Malignant pneumoconiosis is caused by dust from crystalline silica, asbestos or beryllium. Silicosis is the most common occupational disease among dental technicians, while for berylliosis the risk is not well documented. Isolated cases of systemic autoimmune diseases have been observed. No study has yet demonstrated a link between these diseases and occupational exposure of dental technicians. Silica is known to provoke systemic scleroderma, but its role in prosthetists remains to be established. The first steps in prevention are the identification, classification and evaluation of exposure and the effects of that exposure on the health of exposed workers. Reduction or elimination of exposure by collective or individual protective measures are the best modalities of prevention.Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Regulation of adrenomedullin expression and release
Authors: Minamino Naoto , Kikumoto Katsuro , Isumi Yoshitaka 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAdrenomedullin (AM) was originally identified in the extracts of human pheochromocytoma tissue, but this peptide is now known to be synthesized and secreted from many kinds of cells in the body, including vascular smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, cardiac myocytes, epithelial cells, and cancer cells. In this review, we summarize AM‐secreting and AM gene‐expressing cells in addition to the regulation of secretion and gene expression of AM. Although the data are still limited to deduce the general features of AM gene expression, synthesis, and secretion, AM is assumed to be classified into the new class of biologically active peptides, which is mainly expressed and secreted from non‐endocrine type cells by the stimulation with inflammation‐related substances. It is also interesting that serious physiological conditions such as inflammation or hypoxia potently stimulate AM expression and release, suggesting its unique physiological function distinct from other known biologically active peptides. Microsc. Res. Tech. 57:28–39, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adenovirus infection targets the cellular protein kinase CK2 and RNA‐activated protein kinase (PKR) into viral inclusions of the cell nucleus
Authors: Souquere‐Besse Sylvie , Pichard Evelyne , Filhol Odile , Legrand Valerie , Rosa‐Calatrava Manuel , Hovanessian Ara G. , Cochet Claude , Puvion‐Dutilleul Francine 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe effects of the adenovirus infection on the distribution of the cellular protein kinase CK2 and double‐stranded RNA‐activated protein kinase (PKR) were examined at the ultrastructural level. Immunogold labeling revealed the redistribution of CK2 subunits and PKR to morphologically distinct structures of the cell nucleus. The electron‐clear amorphous structures, designated pIX nuclear bodies in our previous work (Rosa‐Calatrava et al., 2001), contained CK2 α and PKR. The protein crystals, which result from the regular assembly of hexon, penton base, and fiber proteins [Boulanger et al. (1970) J Gen Virol 6:329–332], contained CK2 β and PKR. Both viral structures were devoid of viral RNA, including the PKR‐inhibitor VA1 RNA generated by the RNA polymerase III. Instead, VA1 RNA accumulated in PKR‐free viral compact rings in which the viral RNA generated by the RNA polymerase II was excluded. Microsc. Res. Tech. 56:465–478, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sex change in the protandrous black porgy, Acanthopagrus schlegeli: A review in gonadal development, estradiol, estrogen receptor, aromatase activity and gonadotropin
Authors: Lee Yan‐Horn , Du Jin‐Lien , Yueh Wen‐Shiun , Lin Bih‐Yun , Huang Jing‐Duan , Lee Cheng‐Yen , Lee Mong‐Fong , Lau En‐Lieng , Lee Fang‐Yi , Morrey Craig , Nagahama Yoshitaka , Chang Ching‐Fong 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBlack porgy, Acanthopagrus schlegeli Bleeker, a marine protandrous hermaphrodite, is functional male for the first two years of life but begins to sexually change to female after the third year. Testicular tissue and ovarian tissue was separated by connective tissue in the bisexual gonad. This sex pattern provides a very good model to study the endocrine mechanism of sex change in fish. The annual profiles of plasma estradiol, vitellogenin and 11‐ketotestosterone concentrations in males were significantly different from those in the three‐year‐old females. Significantly high levels of plasma estradiol during the prespawning/spawning season and low levels of plasma 11‐ketotestosterone during the spawning season were observed in the inversing females. No difference of plasma testosterone levels was observed in males and females. Oral administration of estradiol stimulated high levels of gonadal aromatase activity, plasma gonadotropin II levels and sex change in the two‐year‐old fish. Exogenous estradiol administered for 5–6 months induced a reversible sex change in one‐ and two‐year‐old fish. The sensitive period for estradiol treatment of sex change is from early prespawning to spawning season. Implantation with testosterone for more than a year could not block the natural sex change in three‐year‐old fish. Exogenous aromatase inhibitors (1,4,6‐androstatriene‐3,17‐dione or fadrozole) suppressed aromatase activity in the brain. Oral administration with aromatase inhibitors for a year further inhibited the natural sex change in three‐year‐old black porgy and all fish became functional male with spermiation. Estrogen receptor α gene in the ovarian tissue of bisexual gonad is significantly less expressed than that in the vitellogenic ovary of female on the basis of reverse‐transcription polymerase‐chain reaction. There was no difference in the annual profiles of the plasma gonadotropin II levels in the males and natural inversing females. Plasma gonadotropin II levels were significantly higher in estradiol‐treated group than those in the control. It is concluded that estradiol, aromatase activity and estrogen receptor in the ovarian tissue play an important role in the natural and controlled sex change in black porgy. The association of gonadotropin and sex change in black porgy is not clear. J. Exp. Zool. 290:715–726, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Is there a BOLD response of the visual cortex on stimulation of the vision‐related acupoint GB 37?
Authors: Gareus Isabel K. , Lacour Michael , Schulte Anja‐Carina , Hennig Juergen 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPurposeTo determine whether or not acupuncture of guangming (GB 37) produces a significant response of the visual cortex detectable by means of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).Materials and MethodsThis study investigates the activation of the visual cortex elicited by a soft and an intensified stimulation of GB 37, an acupoint documented to influence vision‐related disorders. Three different paradigms were carried out to detect any possible modulation of the Blood Oxygenation Level Dependent (BOLD)‐response in the visual cortex to visual stimulation through acupuncture.ResultsThe percentage signal changes in the visual stimulation cycles did not significantly differ before vs. during acupuncture.ConclusionWhereas no BOLD‐response correlating with acupuncture was detected in the visual cortex, BOLD‐signal‐changes in response to needle twisting were detected in different cortical areas. Further studies are necessary to clarify whether these clusters correlate to inevitable somatosensory stimulation accompanying acupuncture or represent an acupuncture‐specific response. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2002;15:227–232. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Determination of regional pulmonary parenchymal strain during normal respiration using spin inversion tagged magnetization MRI
Authors: Napadow Vitaly J. , Mai Vu , Bankier Alex , Gilbert Richard J. , Edelman Robert , Chen Qun 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn clinical practice, the assessment of lung mechanics is limited to a global physiological evaluation, which measures, in the aggregate, the contributions of the pulmonary parenchyma, pleura, and chest wall. In this study, we used an MR imaging methodology which applies two‐dimensional bands of inverted magnetization directly onto the pulmonary parenchyma, thus allowing for the quantification of local pulmonary tissue deformation, or strain, throughout inhalation. Our results showed that the magnitude of strain was maximal at the base and apex of the lung, but was curtailed at the hilum, the anatomical site of the poorly mobile bronchial and vascular insertions. In‐plane shear strain mapping showed mostly positive shear strain, predominant at the apex throughout inhalation, and increasing with expanding lung volume. Anisotropy mapping showed that superior‐inferior axial strain was greater than medial‐lateral axial strain at the apex and base, while the opposite was true for the middle lung field. This study demonstrates that localized pulmonary deformation can be measured in vivo with tagging MRI, and quantified by applying finite strain definitions from continuum mechanics. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2001;13:467–474. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role of amino acid N‐methylation in cyclosporins on ring opening and fragmentation mechanisms during collisionally induced dissociation in an ion trap
Authors: Kuzma Marek , Jegorov Alexandr , Hesso Antti , Tornaeus Jarkko , Sedmera Petr , Havlíček Vladimír 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe product ion mass spectra (collisionally induced dissociation mass spectra) of 12 different cyclosporins modified at every N‐methylated amino acid residue with respect to cyclosporin A were compared and the effect of N‐demethylation on ring opening mechanisms was evaluated. The four preferential protonation sites were identified in [MeBmt1]‐cyclosporins. Three sites represented the N‐methylated nitrogens of Sar3, MeLeu6 and MeLeu9, while the remaining one represented the lactone group formed by the intramolecular N,O‐acyl shift. Selective N‐demethylation resulted either in the deletion of the entire fragment ion series or its substantial attenuation. The structures of three new natural cyclosporins in the study were supported by NMR data. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Novel TTV variants isolated in an epidemic of hepatitis of unknown etiology
Authors: Liu Zhihua , Luo Kangxian , Zheng Ruidan , Hu Jing , He Haitang 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTT virus (TTV) is a recently discovered single‐stranded DNA virus that has been reported to be associated with elevated transminase levels in the patients with posttransfusion hepatitis of unknown etiology. TTV prevalence is very high in the common population and its pathogenicity remains unclear. In this study, we performed an epidemiological study to investigate the infection rate of TTV and its role in an epidemic of unknown‐etiology hepatitis. Moreover, two TTV isolates named L01 and L02 were cloned from the serum of a patient with unknown‐etiology hepatitis. Eighty‐one subjects were included in the study and were divided into two groups: 18 in the case group and 63 in the control group. TTVDNA was detected by nested PCR from sera samples. The infection rates of TTV in case and control groups were 33.3 and 38.9%, respectively. There was no significant difference between the two groups. Homology analysis showed that L01 had a very poor homology with other TTV isolates and L02, and L02 was 75.5% identical to JA10. The result does not support TTV as a causative agent in this epidemic. The genetic divergence between L01 and other TTV isolates beyond genotype, so it represents a new genotype of TTV. J. Med. Virol. 67:113–117, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Overexpression of neurofilament H disrupts normal cell structure and function
Authors: Szebenyi Györgyi , Smith George M. , Li Ping , Brady Scott T. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractStudying exogenously expressed tagged proteins in live cells has become a standard technique for evaluating protein distribution and function. Typically, expression levels of experimentally introduced proteins are not regulated, and high levels are often preferred to facilitate detection. However, overexpression of many proteins leads to mislocalization and pathologies. Therefore, for normative studies, moderate levels of expression may be more suitable. To understand better the dynamics of intermediate filament formation, transport, and stability in a healthy, living cell, we inserted neurofilament heavy chain (NFH)‐green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion constructs in adenoviral vectors with tetracycline (tet)‐regulated promoters. This system allows for turning on or off the synthesis of NFH‐GFP at a selected time, for a defined period, in a dose‐dependent manner. We used this inducible system for live cell imaging of changes in filament structure and cell shape, motility, and transport associated with increasing NFH‐GFP expression. Cells with low to intermediate levels of NFH‐GFP were structurally and functionally similar to neighboring, nonexpressing cells. In contrast, overexpression led to pathological alterations in both filament organization and cell function. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Activation of the peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐α enhances cell death in cultured cerebellar granule cells
Authors: Smith Steven A. , May Fiona J. , Monteith Gregory R. , Roberts‐Thomson Sarah J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPeroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐α (PPARα) is a member of the steroid hormone receptor superfamily. In rodents, PPARα alters genes involved in cell cycle regulation in hepatocytes. Some of these genes are implicated in neuronal cell death. Therefore, in this study, we examined the toxicological consequence of PPARα activation in rat primary cultures of cerebellar granule neurons. Our studies demonstrated the presence of PPARα mRNA in cultures by reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction. After 10 days in vitro, cerebellar granule neuron cultures were incubated with the selective PPARα activator 4‐chloro‐6‐(2,3‐xylidino)2‐pyrimidinylthioacetic acid (Wy‐14,643). The inherent toxicity of Wy‐14,643 and the effect of PPARα activation following toxic stimuli were assessed. In these studies, neurotoxicity was induced through reduction of extracellular [KCl] from 25 mM to 5.36 mM. We observed no inherent toxicity of Wy‐14,643 (24 hr) in cultured cerebellar granule cells. However, after reduction of [KCl], cerebellar granule cell cultures incubated with Wy‐14,643 showed significantly greater toxicity than controls. These results suggest a posssible role for PPARα in augmentation of cerebellar granule neuronal death after toxic stimuli. J. Neurosci. Res. 66:236–241, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.