bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Videoendoscopic assessment of dynamic laryngeal function during exercise in horses with grade-III left laryngeal hemiparesis at rest: 26 cases (1992-1995)
Authors: Hammer Elizabeth J. , Tulleners Eric P. , Parente Eric J. , Martin Benson B. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To evaluate laryngeal function by means of videoendoscopy during high-speed treadmill exercise in racehorses with grade-III left laryngeal hemiparesis at rest and to determine outcome of treatment.

Design
Retrospective study.

Animals
26 racehorses.

Procedure
Videoendoscopy of the larynx was performed while horses were at rest and exercising on a treadmill. Horses were classified as having grade-III A, -IIIB, or -IIIC laryngeal hemiparesis on the basis of the degree of arytenoid cartilage abduction maintained during exercise. Postoperative racing performance was determined by evaluating race records and conducting telephone surveys.

Results
20 (77%) horses had grade-IIIC laryngeal hemiparesis (ie, severe dynamic laryngeal collapse during exercise). Eighteen underwent surgery, and racing performance was improved in 9. Five (19%) horses had grade-IIIB laryngeal hemiparesis (ie, left arytenoid cartilage and vocal fold were maintained in an incompletely abducted position during exercise). Four underwent surgery, and racing performance was improved in 1. One (4%) horse had grade-IIIA laryngeal hemiparesis (ie, full abduction of arytenoid cartilage during exercise); surgery was not performed.

Clinical Implications
Videoendoscopy is useful in determining dynamic laryngeal function in racehorses with grade-III laryngeal hemiparesis at rest. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998; 212:399-403)
Results of an oral rabies vaccination program for coyotes
Authors: Fearneyhough M. Gayne , Wilson Pamela J. , Clark Keith A. , Smith David R. , Johnston David H. , Hicks Bradley N. , Moore Guy M. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine effectiveness of large-scale distribution of an oral rabies vaccine contained in a palatable bait for halting expansion of a canine rabies epizootic in coyotes (Canis latrans).

Design
Prospective study.

Animals
98 coyotes during prevaccination surveillance and 449 coyotes and 60 other wild animals during postvaccination surveillance.

Procedure
A vaccinia recombinant oral rabies vaccine was inserted into an edible bait for coyotes that also contained tetracycline as a biomarker. Vaccine units were then distributed via aircraft, using automated distribution equipment and flight plans developed by incorporating global positioning system equipment. The target area was along the northern edge of an area that had an epizootic of canine rabies. This area was identified through previously conducted epidemiologic surveillance of rabies cases. During postvaccination surveillance, dental specimens were examined for biomarker evidence of bait acceptance, and serum samples were analyzed for rabies neutralizing antibodies.
Results
Samples from 449 coyotes were obtained during postvaccination surveillance. Seroconversion was detected in 39 of 96 (40.6%) coyotes that had evidence of tetracycline biomarker. Additionally, the number of rabies cases in the target area decreased, and expansion of the epizootic area ceased.

Clinical Implications
Mass distribution of an oral rabies vaccine in a palatable bait is an effective means to halt expansion of a rabies epizootic involving coyotes. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998; 212:498-502)
Ionized and total magnesium concentrations in blood from dogs with naturally acquired parvoviral enteritis
Authors: Mann F. A. , Boon G. D. , Wagner-Mann C. C. , Ruben D. S. , Harrington D. P. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine whether pretreatment total and ionized blood magnesium concentrations were associated with outcome for dogs with parvoviral enteritis and whether ionized magnesium concentration was related to total magnesium concentration or other laboratory values.

Design
Prospective cohort study.

Animals
61 healthy dogs and 72 dogs with parvoviral enteritis.

Procedure
Total, ionized, and pH-normalized ionized magnesium concentrations, ionized and pH-normalized ionized calcium concentrations, pH, sodium and potassium concentrations, and Hct were measured prior to treatment. χ2 Analyses were used to test for associations between outcome and age and between outcome and treatment with antiendotoxin antibody. Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated to determine whether ionized magnesium concentration was linearly associated with other laboratory values.

Results
Total and ionized magnesium concentrations were not significantly different between healthy dogs and dogs with parvoviral enteritis or between dogs surviving and those not surviving parvoviral enteritis. The only laboratory value strongly correlated with ionized magnesium concentration was pH-normalized ionized magnesium concentration. Of the factors tested, none were significantly associated with outcome, except that dogs 16 weeks old or less treated with antiendotoxin antibody were significantly more likely to die than were dogs 16 weeks old or less that were not treated with antiendotoxin antibody.

Clinical Implications
Total and ionized blood magnesium concentrations cannot be used to consistently predict outcome for dogs with parvoviral enteritis. Antiendotoxin antibody should be used with caution in dogs 16 weeks old or less. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998;212:1398–1401)
Effect of time of sample collection on serum thyroid-stimulating hormone concentrations in euthyroid and hypothyroid dogs
Authors: Bruner Joseph M. , Scott-Moncrieff J. Catharine R. , Williams David A. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine effect of time of sample collection on serum thyrotropin (canine thyroid-stimulating hormone [cTSH]) concentrations in euthyroid and hypothyroid dogs.

Design
Prospective study.

Animals
6 healthy adult euthyroid dogs, 6 adult Beagles with 131iodine-induced hypothyroidism before and during administration of levothyroxine sodium, and 6 adult dogs with naturally developing hypothyroidism.

Procedure
Healthy euthyroid dogs were identified. Hypothyroidism was induced by administration of 131sodium iodide and confirmed by thyroid-stimulating hormone testing. These dogs then received levothyroxine for 30 days. Naturally developing hypothyroidism was diagnosed on the basis of clinical signs, low serum thyroxine (T 4) concentrations, and high cTSH concentrations or abnormal results on a thyrotropin-releasing hormone response test. Samples for measurement of cTSH and T4 concentrations were obtained at 2-hour intervals from 8 AM to 8 pm.

Results
Mean (± SD) serum cTSH concentrations for healthy dogs, dogs with induced hypothyroidism before and during treatment, and dogs with naturally developing hypothyroidism were 0.11 ± 0.08, 3.31 ± 1.30, 0.08 ± 0.07, and 0.55 ± 0.27 ng/ml, respectively. Diurnal variation in cTSH concentrations was not detected. Clinically important random fluctuations in cTSH concentrations were detected for dogs with naturally developing hypothyroidism.

Clinical Implications
Sample collection time does not appear to predictably influence cTSH concentrations; however, dogs with naturally developing hypothyroidism may have random fluctuations in cTSH concentrations. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998; 212:1572–1575)
Results of double-contrast cystography in cats with idiopathic cystitis: 45 cases (1993–1995)
Authors: Scrivani Peter V. , Chew Dennis J. , Buffington C. A. Tony , Kendall Michael 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine results of double-contrast cystography in cats with idiopathic cystitis.

Design
Retrospective study.

Animals
45 cats with clinical signs of nonobstructive lower urinary tract disease for which an underlying cause could not be determined.

Procedure
Medical records and double-contrast cystograms performed initially and during 6- and 12- month reevaluations were reviewed.

Results
105 cystograms were reviewed. Fifteen (33%) cats had abnormalities evident on cystograms obtained at the time of initial examination. Of these, only 1 had abnormalities 6 and 12 months later. Thirty cats did not have abnormalities evident on cystograms obtained at the time of initial examination. Of these, 1 had abnormalities on a cystogram performed 6 months later and another had abnormalities on a cystogram performed 12 months later. Abnormalities evident on cystograms included focal thickening of the bladder wall (n = 11), diffuse thickening of the bladder wall (6), irregularities of the bladder mucosa (10), decreased opacity of the bladder wall (3), increased opacity of the bladder mucosa (3), filling defects (4), contrast medium in unexpected locations (3), and altered ureteral opacity (15).

Clinical Implications
Results suggested that a large percentage of cats with idiopathic cystitis do not have cystographic abnormalities when initially examined but that abnormalities may be apparent during follow-up evaluations. In addition, a smaller percentage of cats with idiopathic cystitis may have nonspecific cystographic signs of cystitis or hemorrhage. Leakage of contrast medium into the peritoneal space during cystography does not necessarily require surgical management. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998; 212: 1907–1909)
Clinical manifestations and associated disease syndromes in dogs with cranial vena cava thrombosis: 17 cases (1989-1996)
Authors: Palmer Katharine G. , King Lesley G. , Van Winkle Thomas J. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To characterize cranial vena cava thrombosis in dogs with regard to signalment, clinical manifestation, potential inciting causes, treatment, and outcome.

Design
Retrospective study.

Animals
17 dogs with a cranial vena cava thrombus.

Procedure
Medical and necropsy records were reviewed for signalment, potential causes of thrombus formation, diagnosis, clinicopathologic findings, treatment, and outcome.

Results
A signalment predisposition was not found. Ten dogs had cranial vena cava syndrome, and 10 had a pleural effusion. Ten dogs were dyspneic, and 5 had palpable jugular thrombi. Predisposing conditions identified were presumed immune-mediated hematologic disease and corticosteroid administration (6 dogs), sepsis (6), protein-losing nephropathy (2), neoplasia (2), and cardiac disease (1). Central venous catheterization was implicated as a contributing cause. Thrombocytopenia was the most consistent clinicopathologic finding, and ultrasonography was helpful in confirming the diagnosis. Treatment varied, but 15 of the 17 dogs died or were euthanatized within 20 days of clinical manifestation of the thrombus. At necropsy, thrombi were found in other organs, mainly the right atrium, jugular veins, and pulmonary arteries.

Clinical Implications
Prognosis is poor for dogs with cranial vena cava thrombosis associated with clinical signs. Use of central venous catheters should be avoided in dogs with predisposing diseases such as immune-mediated disease, sepsis, protein-losing nephropathy, neoplasia, and cardiac disease. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998;213:220-224)
Comparison of production of Staphylococcus intermedius exotoxin among clinically normal dogs, atopic dogs with recurrent pyoderma, and dogs with a single episode of pyoderma
Authors: Burkett Glen , Frank Linda A. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine whether exotoxin production by Staphylococcus intermedius is an important factor in recurrence of pyoderma in atopic dogs.

Design
Prospective clinical study.

Animals
30 client-owned dogs (10 clinically normal dogs, 10 atopic dogs with recurrent pyoderma, and 10 dogs with a single episode of pyoderma).

Procedure
Specimens for bacterial culturing were obtained from a pustule or papule of affected dogs or from skin of clinically normal dogs. Staphylococcus intermedius was isolated and processed. Supernatants were analyzed for staphylococcal exotoxins. Types of lesions and severity of pruritus were assessed for each dog.

Results
Exotoxins A and C were detected in S intermedius isolated from 1 clinically normal dog. In the atopic group, exotoxin C was isolated from 1 dog, exotoxins A and C were isolated from 1 dog, and exotoxin C and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 were isolated from 1 dog. Exotoxins were isolated from 2 dogs with a single episode of pyoderma (exotoxin C, 1 dog; exotoxins A and C, 1 dog). Lesion types and severity of pruritus varied greatly among dogs with pyoderma and were not associated with detection of exotoxin or type of exotoxin.

Clinical Implications
Exotoxins were identified from few isolates of S intermedius, and we did not observe an association between type of lesions or severity of pruritus and detection of exotoxins. Production of exotoxin by S intermedius does not play a role in the recurrent nature of pyoderma in atopic dogs or on type of lesion or severity of pruritus associated with pyoderma. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998;213:232-234)
Long-term outcome of medical and surgical treatment of hiatal hernias in dogs and cats: 27 cases (1978-1996)
Authors: Lorinson Dragan , Bright Ronald M. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine long-term outcome of medical and surgical treatment of hiatal hernia (HH) in dogs and cats.

Design
Retrospective case series.

Animals
22 dogs and 5 cats.

Procedure
Medical records of dogs and cats with HH were reviewed. Outcomes of treatment were obtained from reexamination or owner questionnaires.

Results
The most common breeds affected were English Bulldog and domestic shorthair cat. Mean age of all dogs and cats was 4 years. Hiatal hernia was diagnosed by use of contrast radiography of the esophagus (n = 19), fluoroscopy (7), or esophagoscopy (1). Eight of 15 dogs and cats treated medically for 30 days had complete resolution of signs. Of the 7 in this group that did not respond, 1 died on the 10th day of medical treatment and the remaining 6 were treated surgically. Eight of 10 dogs that underwent hiatal plication, esophagopexy, and gastropexy responded favorably. Four of 7 dogs that underwent fundoplication did well. However, 3 of these dogs did not have clinical signs. Fundoplication was successful in only 1 of 4 dogs with clinical signs.

Clinical Implications
Dogs and cats with clinical signs of reflux esophagitis associated with HH should undergo conservative treatment for 30 days. Most will be managed successfully by use of drugs, dietary alterations, or both. Those that do not respond to conservative treatment will likely require surgery. The best prognosis after surgery appears to be associated with the esophagopexy technique. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998;213:381-384)
Chronic Trypanosoma cruzi infection in dogs: 11 cases (1987-1996)
Authors: Meurs Kathryn M. , Anthony Margaret A. , Slater Margaret , Miller Matthew W. 
Published: December 2023

Objective—
To determine whether prevalence of naturally developing chronic infection with Trypanosoma cruzi in dogs in Texas changed between 1987 and 1996 and to characterize clinical aspects of the disease.

Design—
Retrospective study.

Animals—
11 dogs with chronic infection with T cruzi.

Procedure—
Number of positive serologic test results for T cruzi obtained between 1987 and 1996 were compared with the number of tests for T cruzi performed during the same period. Survival time, signalment, and clinical signs of dogs and results of thoracic radiography, electrocardiography, and echocardiography were evaluated. The Mann-Whitney test was used to assess the association between age at time of initial examination and survival time.

Results—
The proportion of positive test results increased, compared with the number of tests submitted, during the 9-year period. Clinical signs in affected dogs were consistent with right-sided cardiac disease. Results of thoracic radiography were nonspecific. Conduction disturbances and supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias were evident. Echocardiographic abnormalities, including chamber enlargement and functional impairment, were detected. Dogs were characterized on the basis of survival time; group-1 dogs (n = 6) survived 0 to 5 months, and group-2 dogs (5) survived 31 to 60 months. Age at time of initial examination was associated with survival time.

Clinical Implications—
Clinical course of disease varied. Electrocardiographic and echocardiographic changes may be detected. Clinicians should be aware of the potential for T cruzi infection in dogs with clinical signs of right-sided cardiac dysfunction and unexplained conduction disturbances and arrhythmias. Prevalence of this disease may be increasing in some regions of Texas. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998;213:497-500)
Gastrin concentrations in plasma of cats with chronic renal failure
Authors: Goldstein Richard E. , Marks Stanley L. , Kass Philip H. , Cowgill Larry D. 
Published: December 2023

Objective—
To determine the prevalence of hypergastrinemia in cats with naturally developing chronic renal failure (CRF) and the correlation between gastrin concentration in plasma and severity of CRF.

Design—
Cohort study.

Animals—
30 cats with naturally developing CRF and 12 clinically normal control cats.

Procedure—
Gastrin concentrations in plasma were determined by double-antibody radioimmunoassay of blood samples obtained from cats after food was withheld 8 hours. Concentrations were compared, using a nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA.

Results—
18 cats with CRF had high gastrin concentrations (median, 45 pg/ml; range, < 18 to > 1,333 pg/ml), compared with those for control cats (< 18 pg/ml). Prevalence of hypergastrinemia increased with severity of renal insufficiency. Three of 9 cats with mild CRF, 6 of 11 cats with moderate CRF, and 9 of 10 cats with severe CRF had high gastrin concentrations. Gastrin concentrations were significantly different between control cats and cats with CRF, regardless of disease severity.

Clinical Implications—
The potential role of high concentrations of gastrin on gastric hyperacidity, uremic gastritis, bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract, and associated clinical signs of hypergastrinemia (eg, anorexia and vomiting) may justify use of histamine2-receptor antagonists or proton pump inhibitors to suppress gastric acid secretion in cats with CRF that have these clinical signs. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998;213:826-828)
Surgical treatment of urate calculi in Dalmatians: 38 cases (1980-1995)
Authors: Collins Roxane L. , Birchard Stephen J. , Chew Dennis J. , Heuter Kerry J. 
Published: December 2023

Objective—
To assess clinical signs and response to surgical treatment in Dalmatians with urate urolithiasis.

Design—
Retrospective study.

Animals—
38 Dalmatians.

Procedure—
Medical records from 1980 to 1995 of Dalmatians with urate urolithiasis were reviewed to obtain information on history, results of physical examination, hemogram, biochemical analysis, urinalysis, bacterial culture of urine, diagnostic imaging, analysis of calculi, treatment, and recurrence.

Results—
35 (92%) dogs were males. Mean age at admission was 4.9 years. Common clinical findings and initial complaints included dribbling of urine, stranguria, vomiting, tense abdomen with signs of pain, and a large bladder. Hematuria was found in 85% of dogs in which urinalysis was performed. Crystalluria was found in 54% of dogs. Bacteria were isolated from urine from 36% of dogs. Contrast radiography and abdominal ultrasonography were the most sensitive diagnostic tests for uroliths. Dogs that underwent scrotal urethrostomy and cystotomy had the fewest number of recurrent clinical signs that were attributable to urinary calculi. Clinical recurrence rate in dogs on a protein-restricted diet was 27%, compared with that (36%) for dogs on a commercial diet.

Clinical Implications—
Urate urolithiasis is more commonly recognized in male Dalmatians compared with females. Contrast radiography and ultrasonography appear to be the most useful techniques for detecting urate uroliths. Scrotal urethrostomy and cystotomy was the most effective surgical treatment for preventing recurrence of clinical signs associated with calculi. Complete removal of calculi and protein-restricted diets may have a beneficial effect in reducing recurrence of calculi. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998;213:833-838)
Occult osseous metastasis of a colonic adenocarcinoma visualized with technetium Tc 99m hydroxymethylene diphosphate scintigraphy in a horse
Authors: East Leslie M. , Steyn Phillip F. , Dickinson Charles E. , Frank Anthony A. 
Published: December 2023

Colonic adenocarcinoma is a rare tumor of glandular crypt epithelium in middle-aged and older horses; the tumor may metastasize to the mesenteric lymph nodes, liver, and lungs, but it has not been reported to metastasize to bone and muscle.
Clinical signs of abdominal neoplasia may be vague and nonspecific; extensive diagnostic testing of these animals often is required.
Radionucleotide imaging, using technetium Tc 99m hydroxymethylene diphosphate in conjunction with technetium Tc 99m hexamethylpropylenamine oxime, can be a sensitive noninvasive tool to identify the nature of a disseminated disease when radiography is not sensitive enough to detect early osteoblastic changes that precede morphologic changes.
Incomplete urethral duplication with cyst formation in a dog
Authors: Duffey Marcie H. , Barnhart Matthew D. , Barthez Paul Y. , Smeak Daniel D. 
Published: December 2023

Intermittent incontinence can be associated with incomplete urethral duplication in dogs.
Urethral duplication in dogs can be diagnosed by urethrography, voiding cystourethrography, or radiography after direct administration of positive contrast medium into cystic structures, if present.
Surgical removal of the urethral duplication and cysts can be curative in dogs.
Effect of a commercially available nonspecific immunomodulating biologic product on health of neonatal calves
Authors: Kirk John H. , Atwill Edward R. , Festa David , Adams Carol 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine whether treatment with a commercially available nonspecific immunomodulating biologic product would alter the clinical course of disease in neonatal calves.

Design
Systematically randomized, controlled cohort study.

Animals
200 Holstein bull calves 1 to 5 days old.

Procedure
Assessments were performed that included evaluation of fecal consistency, attitude, appetite, and hydration status. Calves with abnormal results were enrolled in the study. Calves were systematically assigned to control or treatment groups (100 calves/group). Calves in the treatment group were given a single IV injection of the biologic product at the time of enrollment, whereas control calves were not given the product. Calves were assessed daily for 5 days to evaluate fecal consistency, attitude, appetite, hydration status, and rectal temperature. Assessments were made without knowledge of group assignment.

Results
Treatment with the immunomodulating product was not associated with a decrease in the number of calves that had moderate or severe departures from clinically normal conditions for attitude, appetite, or hydration on days 1 though 5, compared with control calves. Fecal consistency scores were significantly greater for treated calves on days 1 (P = 0.03) and 5 (P = 0.02), compared with scores for control calves.

Clinical Implications
Administration of the nonspecific immunomodulating biologic product did not significantly affect outcome of clinical disease for calves in the treated group, compared with calves in the control group. On the basis of results of this study, we cannot recommend use of the nonspecific immunomodulating biologic product for the treatment of undifferentiated diarrheal disease in neonatal calves. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998;213:1308-1311)