bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Vitro Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of
Helicobacter felis
,
H. bizzozeronii
, and
H. salomonis
Authors: Van den Bulck K. , Decostere A. , Gruntar I. , Baele M. , Krt B. , Ducatelle R. , Haesebrouck F. 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACT

The susceptibilities of
Helicobacter felis
(15 strains),
H. bizzozeronii
(7 strains), and
H. salomonis
(3 strains) to 10 antimicrobial agents were investigated by determination of the MIC using the agar dilution method. No consistent differences were noticed between the different
Helicobacter
species, which were all highly susceptible to ampicillin, clarithromycin, tetracycline, tylosin, enrofloxacin, gentamicin, and neomycin, as demonstrated by low MICs. Higher MICs were obtained for lincomycin (up to 8 μg/ml) and spectinomycin (up to 4 μg/ml). Two
H. felis
strains showed a MIC of 16 μg/ml for metronidazole, suggesting acquired resistance to this antimicrobial agent.
Broader Distribution of Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance in the United States
Authors: Robicsek A. , Sahm D. F. , Strahilevitz J. , Jacoby G. A. , Hooper D. C. 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACT

The plasmid-encoded quinolone resistance gene
qnrA
confers low-level quinolone resistance, facilitating selection of higher-level resistance. Epidemiologic surveys for
qnrA
were extended to isolates of
Enterobacter
spp. and to quinolone-susceptible
Enterobacteriaceae
. Two (10%) of 20 ceftazidime-resistant quinolone-susceptible
Klebsiella pneumoniae
strains carried the gene, as did 12 (17%) of 71 ceftazidime-resistant
Enterobacter
strains from across the United States. One of these
Enterobacter
isolates was quinolone susceptible. Thus,
qnrA
is present in quinolone-resistant and quinolone-susceptible
Enterobacter
and
Klebsiella
strains in the United States.
Production of Enterocin P, an Antilisterial Pediocin-Like Bacteriocin from
Enterococcus faecium
P13, in
Pichia pastoris
Authors: Gutiérrez Jorge , Criado Raquel , Martín María , Herranz Carmen , Cintas Luis M. , Hernández Pablo E. 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACT

The gene encoding mature enterocin P (EntP), an antimicrobial peptide from
Enterococcus faecium
P13, was cloned into the pPICZαA expression vector to generate plasmid pJC31. This plasmid was integrated into the genome of
P. pastoris
X-33, and EntP was heterologously secreted from the recombinant
P. pastoris
X-33t
1
derivative at a higher production and antagonistic activity than from
E. faecium
P13.
Compound Efflux in
Helicobacter pylori
Authors: Kutschke Amy , de Jonge Boudewijn L. M. 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACT

Susceptibility testing with a variety of structurally unrelated compounds showed that
hefC
in
Helicobacter pylori
is involved in multidrug efflux. This efflux was shown to depend on the proton motive force, as demonstrated by ethidium bromide accumulation experiments. Thus,
H. pylori
contains an active multidrug efflux mechanism.
Time-Kill Study of the Activity of Telithromycin against Macrolide-Resistant
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Isolates with 23S rRNA Mutations and Changes in Ribosomal Proteins L4 and L22
Authors: Reinert Ralf René , Al-Lahham Adnan 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACT

By use of a time-kill methodology, the antipneumococcal activity of telithromycin was determined against macrolide-resistant
S. pneumoniae
isolates having mutations in the 23S rRNA gene and changes in the ribosomal proteins L4 and L22. Telithromycin had MICs ranging between 0.03 and 0.25 μg/ml and was bactericidal against four of seven strains after 24 h at two times the MIC.
Transcriptional Analysis of the
bla
CTX-M-2
Gene in
Salmonella enterica
Serovar Infantis
Authors: Di Conza José A. , Gutkind Gabriel O. , Mollerach Marta E. , Ayala Juan A. 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACT

Transcriptional organization of
bla
CTX-M-2
present in a multiresistance plasmid of
Salmonella enterica
serovar Infantis suggests the presence of more than one promoter involved in the expression of the β-lactamase gene. At least two
bla
CTX-M-2
-specific mRNAs (near to 1 kb and 5 kb) were evidenced. Two +1 signals were detected at −22 bp and −59 bp of
bla
CTX-M-2
defining two putative promoters.
Emergence of KPC-Possessing
Klebsiella pneumoniae
in Brooklyn, New York: Epidemiology and Recommendations for Detection
Authors: Bratu Simona , Mooty Mohamad , Nichani Satyen , Landman David , Gullans Carl , Pettinato Barbara , Karumudi Usha , Tolaney Pooja , Quale John 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACT

Among 257 isolates of
Klebsiella pneumoniae
collected in Brooklyn, NY, 24% were found to possess
bla
KPC
. Clinical microbiology laboratories that used automated broth microdilution systems reported 15% of the KPC-possessing isolates as susceptible to imipenem. The imipenem MIC was found to be markedly affected by the inoculum. For accurate detection of KPC-possessing
K. pneumoniae
, particular attention should be paid to proper inoculum preparation for broth-based susceptibility methods. In addition, using ertapenem or meropenem for class reporting of carbapenem susceptibility will improve detection.
Progressive Increase in Antimicrobial Resistance among Invasive Isolates of
Haemophilus influenzae
Obtained from Children Admitted to a Hospital in Kilifi, Kenya, from 1994 to 2002
Authors: Scott J. Anthony G. , Mwarumba Salim , Ngetsa Caroline , Njenga Salome , Lowe Brett S. , Slack Mary P. E. , Berkley James A. , Mwangi Isaiah , Maitland Kathryn , English Mike , Marsh Kevin 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACT

Etest susceptibilities to amoxicillin, chloramphenicol, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole of 240 invasive isolates of
Haemophilus influenzae
cultured from children in rural Kenya were 66%, 66%, and 38%, respectively. Resistance increased markedly over 9 years and was concentrated among serotype b isolates. In Africa, the increasing cost of treating resistant infections supports economic arguments for prevention through conjugate
H. influenzae
type b immunization.
In Vitro and In Vivo Bactericidal Activities of Vancomycin Dispersed in Porous Biodegradable Poly(ε-Caprolactone) Microparticles
Authors: Le Ray Anne-Marie , Gautier Hélène , Laty Marie-Katel , Daculsi Guy , Merle Christian , Jacqueline Cédric , Hamel Antoine , Caillon Jocelyne 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACTTreatment of methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureusosteomyelitis requires a prolonged antibiotic therapy with vancomycin. Because of its weak diffusion, the in situ implantation of vancomycin could be interesting. The activity of vancomycin encapsulated in microparticles was evaluated in vitro and in vivo on rabbit osteomyelitis and showed a good activity compared to intravenous administration.
Efficacy of Nebulized Liposomal Amphotericin B in Treatment of Experimental Pulmonary Aspergillosis
Authors: Gavaldà Joan , Martín María-Teresa , López Pedro , Gomis Xavier , Ramírez José-Luís , Rodríguez Dolors , Len Oscar , Puigfel Yolanda , Ruíz Isabel , Pahissa Albert 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACTThe efficacy of therapeutic aerosolized amphotericin B (AMB) was studied in a steroid-immunosuppressed murine model of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. Nebulized liposomal AMB can be a valid approach to the treatment of this infection, with subjects showing significantly improved survival relative to that of subjects given intravenous deoxycholate AMB, as well as lower lung weights and pulmonary glucosamine levels.
Predominance of 23S rRNA Mutants among Non-Erm, Non-Mef Macrolide-Resistant Clinical Isolates of
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Collected in the United States in 1999-2000
Authors: Davies Todd A. , Bush Karen , Sahm Daniel , Evangelista Alan 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACT

A total of 322 erythromycin-resistant pneumococci from TRUST 3 and TRUST 4 United States surveillance studies (1999-2000) were screened for 23S rRNA, L4, and L22 gene mutations. Nineteen isolates, two with
mefA
, had mutations at position 2058 or 2059 in 23S rRNA. Two had a
69
GTG
71
-to-TPS substitution in L4; one of these also contained
ermA
.
InVitro Antibacterial Activity of DX-619, a Novel Des-Fluoro(6) Quinolone
Authors: Fujikawa Katsuko , Chiba Megumi , Tanaka Mayumi , Sato Kenichi 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACT
The
in vitro activities of DX-619, des-fluoro(6) quinolone, against 1,208
clinical isolates were examined. DX-619 was particularly potent against
staphylococci, including ciprofloxacin- and methicillin-resistant
strains; the MIC at which 90% of the strains tested were inhibited was
0.5 μg/ml. In addition, DX-619 was also active against
gram-negative
bacteria.
Novel Spectinomycin/Streptomycin Resistance Gene,
aadA14
, from
Pasteurella multocida
Authors: Kehrenberg Corinna , Catry Boudewijn , Haesebrouck Freddy , de Kruif Aart , Schwarz Stefan 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACT

A novel spectinomycin/streptomycin resistance gene, designated
aadA14
, was detected on the mobilizable 5,198-bp plasmid pCCK647 from
Pasteurella multocida
. The
aadA14
gene encodes an aminoglycoside adenylyltransferase of 261 amino acids. Sequence comparisons revealed that the AadA14 protein showed less than 60% identity to the AadA proteins known so far.
Interaction of the Plasmid-Encoded Quinolone Resistance Protein QnrA with
Escherichia coli
Topoisomerase IV
Authors: Tran John H. , Jacoby George A. , Hooper David C. 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACT
Purified QnrA blocked ciprofloxacin inhibition of topoisomerase IV, just as QnrA was previously found to prevent quinolone inhibition of DNA gyrase. With a gel displacement assay, tagged QnrA was shown to bind to topoisomerase IV and its subunits in a reaction that did not depend on the presence of DNA, quinolone, or ATP.
Prevention of the Cryptic Epitope SLAYGLR within Osteopontin Does Not Influence Susceptibility to
Candida albicans
Infection
Authors: Sato Ikuko , Yamamoto Nobuchika , Yamazaki Harumi , Hashimoto Seiji , Hino Motohiro , Sakai Fumihiko , Fujie Akihiko 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACT
The effect of an antiosteopontin antibody (M5 Ab) reacting with the SLAYGLR sequence within osteopontin on the host susceptibility to infection was investigated in a murine model of disseminated candidiasis. The treatment with anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha antibody enhanced fungal infection, while the treatment with M5 Ab did not affect the infection.
In Vitro Activities of Levofloxacin and Comparable Agents against Middle Ear Fluid, Nasopharyngeal, and Oropharyngeal Pathogens Obtained from Costa Rican Children with Recurrent Otitis Media or Failing Other Antibiotic Therapy
Authors: Soley Carolina , Arguedas Adriano , Porras Wendy , Guevara Silvia , Loaiza Cecilia , Pérez Alexandra , Rincón Guillermo , Schultz Malka , Arguedas Jorge , Brilla Roberto 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACT

This study analyzes the in vitro activities of levofloxacin and other commonly used antimicrobials against middle ear fluid, nasopharyngeal, and oropharyngeal pathogens obtained from children with otitis media at risk of having a resistant pathogen. Levofloxacin proved to be very active against these pathogens and had intermediate activity against
Streptococcus pyogenes
.
Induction of Telithromycin Resistance by Erythromycin in Isolates of Macrolide-Resistant
Staphylococcus
spp
Authors: Davis Kepler A. , Crawford Sharon A. , Fiebelkorn Kristin R. , Jorgensen James H. 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACT

Staphylococcal isolates were examined for possible macrolide-inducible resistance to telithromycin. All macrolide-resistant isolates demonstrated telithromycin D-shaped zones. This result did not discriminate between resistance due to an efflux mechanism (
msrA
) or a ribosomal target modification (
ermA
or
ermC
). Inducible telithromycin resistance in staphylococci does not appear to be analogous to inducible clindamycin resistance.
Integron-Associated Antibiotic Resistance and Phylogenetic Grouping of
Escherichia coli
Isolates from Healthy Subjects Free of Recent Antibiotic Exposure
Authors: Skurnik David , Le Menac'h Arnaud , Zurakowski David , Mazel Didier , Courvalin Patrice , Denamur Erick , Andremont Antoine , Ruimy Raymond 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACT

The study of integrons in 181
Escherichia coli
isolates from three groups of healthy subjects who lived in communities and had not taken antibiotics for at least 1 month showed that the presence of integrons was associated with antibiotic resistance and phylogenetic grouping of the bacterial host and dependent on a subject's living environment.
Survey of
Enterobacteriaceae
Producing Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases in a Slovak Hospital: Dominance of SHV-2a and Characterization of TEM-132
Authors: Zarnayová Martina , Siebor Eliane , Péchinot André , Duez Jean-Marie , Bujdáková Helena , Labia Roger , Neuwirth Catherine 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACT

Eighty-five extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing
Enterobacteriaceae
from a Slovak hospital have been studied. SHV-2a was predominant, but other variants have been detected, namely, SHV-5, SHV-12, TEM-12, TEM-15, and TEM-132, which differed from TEM-1 by amino acid substitutions R164H, E240K, and I173V and had kinetic properties similar to those of TEM-28.
Differences in the DNA Sequences in the Upstream Attenuator Region of
erm
(A) in Clinical Isolates of
Streptococcus pyogenes
and Their Correlation with Macrolide/Lincosamide Resistance
Authors: Doktor Stella Z. , Shortridge Virginia 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACT

The regulatory regions of 52
erm
(A) [formerly
erm
(TR)] clinical
Streptococcus pyogenes
isolates were studied. Differences in the upstream regulatory region of
erm
(A) correlated with macrolide/lincosamide resistance patterns. Nine macrolide/lincosamide/streptogramin B-resistant isolates had changes in the leader sequence of
erm
(A) including base changes, insertions, or deletions. Isolates were also
emm
typed.
Molecular Characterization of Glycopeptide-Resistant
Enterococcus faecium
Isolates from Portuguese Hospitals
Authors: Novais Carla , Sousa João C. , Coque Teresa M. , Peixe Luísa V. ,   The Portuguese Resistance Study Group
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACT

Fifty-one pulsed-field gel electrophoresis types and 17 Tn
1546
variants were identified among 101
Enterococcus faecium
isolates recovered in three distant Portuguese hospitals. Intra- and interhospital dissemination of specific strains and Tn
1546
types was detected, which might largely contribute to the endemicity of vancomycin-resistant
E. faecium
in Portuguese hospitals, as happened previously in other geographical locations.
Heterogeneity of Genotype-Phenotype Correlation among Macrolide-Resistant
Streptococcus agalactiae
Isolates
Authors: von Both Ulrich , Buerckstuemmer Anna , Fluegge Kirsten , Berner Reinhard 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACT

Seventy-four erythromycin-resistant group B
Streptococcus
isolates were analyzed regarding their phenotype-genotype and phenotype-serotype correlation. Four different phenotypes were assessed, one of them for the first time.
ermB
and
ermTR
were the most frequent genotypes (80%). The most prevalent serotype III showed great phenotypic variability while serotype V was strongly associated only with two different phenotypes.
Sublethal Concentrations of Ciprofloxacin Induce Bacteriocin Synthesis in
Escherichia coli
Authors: Jerman Borut , Butala Matej , Žgur-Bertok Darja 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACT

Antibiotics that interfere with DNA replication, as well as cell wall synthesis, induce the SOS response. In this report, we show that ciprofloxacin induces synthesis of colicins, narrow-spectrum antibiotics frequently produced by
Escherichia coli
strains, in an SOS-dependent manner.
Association of Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance with Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase VEB-1
Authors: Poirel Laurent , Van De Loo Marc , Mammeri Hedi , Nordmann Patrice 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACT

Association of the plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinant QnrA and the
bla
VEB-1
gene was identified in a single
Enterobacter cloacae
isolate from K.-Bicêtre, France, and in 11 out of 23
bla
VEB-1
-positive enterobacterial isolates from Bangkok, Thailand. This result may explain in part the association between quinolone and extended-spectrum β-lactam resistance.
Note on New International Case-law Concerning the Binding Character of Provisional Measures
Authors: Kolb Robert 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThree recent judicial or quasi-judicial cases deal with the question as to if provisional measures indicated by the respective body are binding on the parties to the dispute or not. In all three cases, the constitutive instruments under which the body acted were silent on the question of the binding nature of the measures at stake. Traditionally, the point as to the bindingness of such measures, in the absence of any special provision granting them a binding force, was extremely controversial. Now, through these three recent cases, the jurisprudence forcefully affirmed such bindingness. The reasoning on which the three cases are based is similar: according to the caselaw, teleological reasons compel to consider that the provisional measures indicated are binding, since to hold otherwise would allow one party to frustrate the object and purpose of the whole proceeding while the matter is pending. It may thus well be that these three recent precedents established a new (procedural) customary presumption, by a sort of quick speed customary law. Thus, in the absence of special provision to the contrary, provisional measures indicated by an international judicial or quasi-judicial body would be binding, at least when such measures are taken in order to safeguard the respective rights of the parties.
The Nationality of Denationalized Palestinians
Authors: Kattan Victor 
Published: June 2005

AbstractOne in three refugees in the world today is Palestinian. The majority of these refugees have no nationality because they were denationalised by Israel's Nationality Law in 1952 after they had fled or been expelled from their homeland in 1948. Israel has refused to allow the majority Palestinian refugees, being displaced in 1948, the right to return to their homes in contravention of U.N. General Assembly Resolution 194 (III). Israel has also refused to allow the majority of Palestinians displaced in 1967 the right to return to their homes despite appeals from the International Committee of the Red Cross and despite calls from the UN Security Council. Since then Israel has manipulated the laws of occupation by transferring its civilian population into the territory it occupies whilst subjecting the indigenous Palestinian population to military law. In 2003, Israel enacted racially discriminatory legislation in the form of the Nationality and Entrance into Israel Law which the U.N. Human Rights Committee has specifically requested Israel revoke. This legislation restricts nationality and residency rights for Arabs resident in the Occupied Palestinian Territories whilst specifically excluding Jewish settlers from its application. These are some examples of the lengths to which the State of Israel is prepared to go – in order to maintain a Jewish majority in the country – even if they violate international law. This paper will examine whether the forced displacement and denationalization of Palestine's original non-Jewish inhabitants – including an examination of Israel's Nationality and Entrance into Israel Law (2003) – are compatible with the basic principles of international law today.
Addressing Norm Conflicts in a Fragmented Legal System: The Doctrine of Lex Specialis
Authors: Lindroos Anja 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe increased fragmentation of international law has been accompanied by a more problematic phenomenon: institutional fragmentation that has strengthened the role of specialised regimes (e. g., WTO, EU, human rights and environmental regimes) within the international legal system. "The emergence of seemingly independent subregimes has given rise to a number of legal concerns – among these is the existence of normative conflicts between regimes." In a recent report by the Chairman of the ILC Study Group on Fragmentation of International Law, Martti Koskenniemi, dealt with the role of the lex specialis maxim as a means of addressing the relation between selfcontained regimes and general international law. This article argues that an application of lex specialis, although widely accepted, is impeded by its conceptual vagueness. Lex specialis may be well-suited to resolve certain types of normative conflicts, such as conflicts within sub-regimes, which may be viewed as a more traditional manifestation of normative conflicts. The fragmentation of international law, however, has also created new types of conflicts, namely those between different, seemingly independent normative orders. The article suggests that the lex specialis maxim is a less-suitable approach to normative conflicts between such unrelated normative orders. In a fragmented legal system such as that of international law, these types of conflicts may, accordingly, prove a particular challenge.
Melodies on Comparative Law: A Review Essay
Authors: Husa Jaakko 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe volume under review contains theoretical reflections on comparative law dealing with diverse topics ranging from the basis of the discipline to globalization, Europeanization and transposition of law. According to the author of the book, comparative law is a subject that can be approached solely as an enigma and the book aims to do this with the help of metaphors taken from the theory of music. This volume expresses a complex understanding of comparative law and shakes off the old images of comparative law as being either a purely academic or a hopelessly non-theoretical practical exercise. The Enigma of Comparative Law is different in orientation both to the scholarship of conventional comparative law and to post-modern/critical comparative law which have argued for extreme all-or-nothing positions. The political nature of comparative law venture is openly acknowledged but it is not seen as overwhelming. Esin Örücu's book also argues for legal pluralism and a comprehensive view of law. The book applauds methodological pluralism. Diversity of methods is seen not as being counterproductive but instead as a virtue that will enhance the future prospects of comparative law in internationalized world. The review essay concludes by arguing for an idea according to which there is no one legitimate tradition of comparative law/comparative legal studies but many.