bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Promotion of faba bean seedling growth under Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fabae and cinnamic acid stress in faba bean‐wheat intercropping system and underlying proteomic mechanisms
Authors: Zhang Jing , Zheng Yiran , Lv Jiaxing , Dong Yan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractContinuous cropping severely affects faba bean growth, mainly due to pathogen and autotoxic substance accumulation. Here, we used faba bean monocropping (M) and intercropping with wheat (I), with stress treatments of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fabae (FOF) alone (F) and combined with cinnamic acid (F + C), to analyze seedling growth, defense‐related enzymes, levels of resistance‐associated substances, and protein expression profiles in roots. The results showed that intercropping mitigated the inhibitory effects of FOF and cinnamic acid. FOF resulted in increased activities of defense‐related enzymes as well as levels of resistance‐associated substances. Proteomic analysis showed that 22 proteins were upregulated following FOF inoculation (M + F), and 6 proteins were downregulated after the addition of cinnamic acid (M + F + C) in monocropping plants; these proteins were mainly involved in pathways associated with carbohydrate metabolism, energy, and the cytoplasm. Comparison of monocropping and intercropping indicated that the upregulated proteins were mostly associated with stress and defense, carbohydrate transport and metabolism, maintenance of cellular homeostasis, and protein synthesis. KEGG analysis revealed that intercropping increased enrichment in pathways associated with metabolism, ribosomes, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, proteasomes, pyruvate metabolism, and pentose and glucuronate interconversions. The results indicated that intercropping mitigated growth inhibition by FOF and cinnamic acid by increasing energy production, maintaining normal cellular functions, and promoting the synthesis of defense‐associated secondary metabolites. These findings provide a basis for further investigation into the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of intercropping in controlling resistance to Fusarium wilt in the faba bean.
Influence of nano‐formulations of clove bud (Syzygium aromaticum) extract on freezing ability, antioxidant capacity, caspase‐3 activity, acrosome reaction and fertility of frozen rabbit semen
Authors: Khalil Wael A. , Atta Amr M. I. , El‐Ratel Ibrahim T. , Abdelnour Sameh A. , Abdel‐Khalek Abdel‐Khalek E. , Fouda Sara F. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe current study aimed to investigate the impact of nano‐formulations of clove bud ethanolic extract (CBENF) in the extender on sperm characteristics, antioxidant capacity, oxidative biomarkers, enzymatic activity, apoptosis and fertility of post‐thawed rabbit semen. Twelve mature male rabbits semen samples were pooled and cryopreserved in a Tris‐egg yolk‐based extender containing varying concentrations of CBENF (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 μg/mL). After the equilibration and freezing–thawing process, CBENF (100 μg /mL) significantly enhanced progressive motility, viability and membrane integrity. Conversely, sperm abnormality was significantly reduced by CBENF supplementation. Total antioxidant capacity was increased in the post‐thawed sperm medium, while nitric oxide and malondialdehyde were decreased in all CBENF concentrations. The lactic dehydrogenase and caspase‐3 activities were decreased, whereas the number of live spermatozoa with an intact acrosome was increased in all CBENF concentrations. Conception rate and litter size per doe were higher in doe rabbits inseminated with semen supplemented with 100 μg CBENF/mL than un‐supplemented group (76% vs. 52% and 8.4 vs. 7.7/doe), with no statistical differences. These findings suggest that supplementing rabbit extenders with 100 μg of CBENF/mL could be an effective strategy for enhancing freeze–thawing rabbit sperm attributes and fertility.
Recontextualising graduate employability in support of pedagogical reform in public universities in the Kurdistan Region‐Iraq
Authors: Whiteside Victoria , Cross John 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn light of the high graduate unemployment rate and migrant crisis, graduate employability in the Kurdistan Region – Iraq is an ever more pressing issue. Reducing the issue of graduate employability to a skills gap between Kurdish graduates and the private sector labour market is too simplistic and dismisses other sociocultural and structural factors that are external to graduates and higher education institutions (HEIs), and which impact the former’s employability. Through a qualitative study and using Bourdieu’s (1977) habitus as an explanatory framework for the analysis, this article aims to recontextualise graduate employability by exploring five stakeholders’ perceptions of what impacts graduate employability in the region. The findings uphold previous labour market reports that there is a skills gap, but also reveals other sociocultural and structural factors that also impact graduate employability. The Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research (MHESR) has introduced a programme of pedagogical reform in KRI’s public HEIs and is in the process of training its academic practitioners in the tenets of Freire’s (1970) critical pedagogy. This article supports the implementation of Freire’s critical pedagogy in KRI’s public HEIs as a critical pedagogy can address the skills gap while also creating spaces for students to explore, question, analyse and evaluate the sociocultural and structural factors that impact graduate employability in KRI.
From free‐for‐all (free‐for‐some?) to speakers' list: Using consensus‐based decision‐making practice to enhance student participation in the theological classroom
Authors: Johnson Sheryl 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAlthough the goals of consensus‐based decision‐making (CBDM) and the academic theological classroom are quite distinct (most notably that in the classroom, there is no need to come to a group decision), both share the aim of honoring all voices and perspectives and ensuring that marginalized voices and experiences are elevated. It is an important tool for all to consider, particularly due to its benefits for students from different cultural backgrounds who may experience various forms of systemic inequality. This paper considers the strengths as well as limitations of CBDM‐related practices for facilitating conversation in a theological studies classroom, with specific emphasis on the speakers' list—a common CBDM tool.
The Dynamical Hypothesis in Situ: Challenges and Opportunities for a Dynamical Social Approach to Interpersonal Coordination
Authors: Paxton Alexandra 
Published: November 2023

AbstractOver the past three decades, Van Gelder's dynamical hypothesis has been instrumental in reconceptualizing the ways in which perception‐action‐cognition unfolds over time and in context. Here, I examine how the dynamical approach has enriched the theoretical understanding of social dynamics within cognitive science, with a particular focus on interpersonal coordination. I frame this review around seven principles in dynamical systems: three that are well‐represented in interpersonal coordination research to date (emergent behavior, context‐sensitive behavior, and attractors) and four that could be useful opportunities for future growth (hysteresis, sensitivity to initial conditions, equifinality, and reciprocal compensation). In addition to identifying specific promising lines of theoretical inquiry, I focus on the significant potential afforded by computationally intensive science—especially in naturally occurring data or trace data. Building on the foundation laid over the past three decades, I argue that looking to increasingly situated and naturalistic settings (and data) is not only necessary to realize the full commitment to the dynamical hypothesis but is also critical to building parsimonious and principled theories of social phenomena.
Mutations in the genes responsible for the synthesis of furan fatty acids resolve the light‐induced off‐odor in soybean oil
Authors: Watanabe Satoshi , Omagari Ayako , Yamada Risa , Matsumoto Akane , Kimura Yuta , Makita Naruto , Hiyama Erina , Okamoto Yuki , Okabe Ryo , Sano Takashi , Sato Toshiro , Suzuki Mototaka , Saito Sanshiro , Anai Toyoaki 
Published: November 2023

SUMMARYSoybean oil is the second most produced edible vegetable oil and is used for many edible and industrial materials. Unfortunately, it has the disadvantage of ‘reversion flavor’ under photooxidative conditions, which produces an off‐odor and decreases the quality of edible oil. Reversion flavor and off‐odor are caused by minor fatty acids in the triacylglycerol of soybean oil known as furan fatty acids, which produce 3‐methyl‐2,4‐nonanedione (3‐MND) upon photooxidation. As a solution to this problem, a reduction in furan fatty acids leads to a decrease in 3‐MND, resulting in a reduction in the off‐odor induced by light exposure. However, there are no reports on the genes related to the biosynthesis of furan fatty acids in soybean oil. In this study, four mutant lines showing low or no furan fatty acid levels in soybean seeds were isolated from a soybean mutant library. Positional cloning experiments and homology search analysis identified two genes responsible for furan fatty acid biosynthesis in soybean: Glyma.20G201400 and Glyma.04G054100. Ectopic expression of both genes produced furan fatty acids in transgenic soybean hairy roots. The structure of these genes is different from that of the furan fatty acid biosynthetic genes in photosynthetic bacteria. Homologs of these two group of genes are widely conserved in the plant kingdom. The purified oil from the furan fatty acid mutant lines had lower amounts of 3‐MND and reduced off‐odor after light exposure, compared with oil from the wild‐type.
The value of genetic data from 665,460 individuals in managing iron deficiency anaemia and suitability to donate blood
Authors: Toivonen Jarkko , Allara Elias ,   FinnGen, Castrén Johanna , di Angelantonio Emanuele , Arvas Mikko 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesAlthough the genetic determinants of haemoglobin and ferritin have been widely studied, those of the clinically and globally relevant iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) and deferral due to hypohaemoglobinemia (Hb‐deferral) are unclear. In this investigation, we aimed to quantify the value of genetic information in predicting IDA and Hb‐deferral.Materials and MethodsWe analysed genetic data from up to 665,460 participants of the FinnGen, Blood Service Biobank and UK Biobank, and used INTERVAL (N = 39,979) for validation.We performed genome‐wide association studies (GWASs) of IDA and Hb‐deferral and utilized publicly available genetic associations to compute polygenic scores for IDA, ferritin and Hb. We fitted models to estimate the effect sizes of these polygenic risk scores (PRSs) on IDA and Hb‐deferral risk while accounting for the individual's age, sex, weight, height, smoking status and blood donation history.ResultsSignificant variants in GWASs of IDA and Hb‐deferral appear to be a small subset of variants associated with ferritin and Hb. Effect sizes of genetic predictors of IDA and Hb‐deferral are similar to those of age and weight which are typically used in blood donor management. A total genetic score for Hb‐deferral was estimated for each individual. The odds ratio estimate between first decile against that at ninth decile of total genetic score distribution ranged from 1.4 to 2.2.ConclusionThe value of genetic data in predicting IDA or suitability to donate blood appears to be on a practically useful level.
An Assessment of the Partition and Scramble of Africa and the Effect of Slave Trade in the Continent
Authors: Yahaya Jibrin Ubale 
Published: November 2023

The scramble and Partition of African countries began in earnest with the Berlin Conference of 1884-1885, and this was the cause of the most of Africa’s borders today. The conference was called by German Chancellor Bismarck to settle how European countries would claim colonial land in Africa and to avoid a war among European nations over African territory. All the major European States were invited to the conference which includes the Germany, France, Great Britain, Netherlands, Belgium, Portugal, and Spain were all considered to have a future role in the imperial partition of Africa. The United States was invited because of its interest in Liberia but did not attend the conference because it had no desire to build a colonial empire in Africa. Also invited were Austria–Hungary, Sweden–Norway, Denmark, Italy, Turkey, and Russia who all were considered minor players in the quest for colonizing Africa, though Italy has claim some colonial possessions in Northeast Africa. Most notably there were no Africans present at that conference, nor were any Europeans present to ensure that native Africans had any say in the proceedings. This paper has adopted secondary source of data in the process of data collection. The findings of the paper have revealed that partition in Africa has led to emergence of colonialism, slave trade and other related contemporary imbalance that led to for present African underdevelopment. The paper recommended that African countries needs to be allowed to run its affairs as an independent sovereign countries to manage both their mineral and human resource to compete with every continent of the world interterms of development dynamism and African countries should develop an approach that will help them to fight social menace of poverty, corruption, insecurity and unemployment.
Predicting Leg Forces and Knee Moments Using Inertial Measurement Units: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Ajdaroski Mirel , Baek So Young , Ashton-Miller James A. , Esquivel Amanda O. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We compared the ability of seven machine learning algorithms to use wearable inertial measurement unit (IMU) data to identify the severe knee loading cycles known to induce microdamage associated with anterior cruciate ligament rupture. Sixteen cadaveric knee specimens, dissected free of skin and muscle, were mounted in a rig simulating standardized jump landings. One IMU was located above and the other below the knee, the applied three-dimensional action and reaction loads were measured via six-axis load cells, and the three-dimensional knee kinematics were also recorded by a laboratory motion capture system. Machine learning algorithms were used to predict the knee moments and the tibial and femur vertical forces; 13 knees were utilized for training each model, while three were used for testing its accuracy (i.e., normalized root-mean-square error) and reliability (Bland–Altman limits of agreement). The results showed the models predicted force and knee moment values with acceptable levels of error and, although several models exhibited some form of bias, acceptable reliability. Further research will be needed to determine whether these types of models can be modified to attenuate the inevitable in vivo soft tissue motion artifact associated with highly dynamic activities like jump landings.
Understanding the Nonlinear Reactivity Promoting Effect of n-Heptane Addition on the Binary Mixture From Low to Intermediate Temperature: A Case of Methane/n-Heptane Mixtures
Authors: Mai Zhaoming , Wu Yingtao , Tang Chenglong , Wang Wei , Huang Zuohua 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
To understand the effect of n-heptane (NC7H16) addition on the auto-ignition of methane (CH4) at low to intermediate temperatures, the ignition delay times (IDTs) of stoichiometric CH4/NC7H16 blends with varying NC7H16 concentrations were measured at temperatures from 600 to 1000 K, pressures of 20 and 40 bar. Detailed chemical kinetic mechanisms were validated against the newly measured IDTs. Adding NC7H16 in the binary mixture shows a nonlinear promoting effect on the IDTs: micro-addition of NC7H16 can significantly reduce the IDTs of the binary mixture when the NC7H16 is lower than 20%. However, the decrease of the IDTs becomes much slower when further increasing the NC7H16 addition. Affected by the negative temperature coefficient (NTC) behavior of NC7H16, this nonlinear effect is particularly notable at around 795 K, the low boundary of the NTC region. To reveal the nonlinear reactivity-promoting effect of NC7H16 addition on the binary mixture, reaction flux, ignition sensitivity, rate of production of the key radicals along heat production analyses were conducted. Apart from contributing more O˙H production through the low-temperature chain-branching reaction pathways of NC7H16, adding NC7H16 also promotes the pre-ignition heat release of the binary mixture. The heat release raises the system temperature and further promotes the mixture ignition, enhancing the nonlinear effect at low temperatures.
Numerical Analysis of Hydrogen Diffusion and Distribution at Corrosion Defect on Aged Pipelines for Hydrogen Service
Authors: Guo Shiwen , Dong Shaohua , Cheng Frank 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Using existing natural gas pipelines to transport hydrogen blended natural gas is an important way to achieve efficient hydrogen transportation. However, the existing pipelines may contain corrosion defects, which can affect the diffusion and distribution behavior of hydrogen atoms, further resulting in hydrogen embrittlement and pipeline failure. This study applied the numerical analysis method to simulate the hydrogen atom redistribution in interstitial lattice sites and in trapping sites of X52 steel pipeline with corrosion defect by coupling stress field and hydrogen diffusion field. It was found that under applied tensile strain, the hydrogen atoms accumulated at corrosion defect due to local stress concentration. The maximum lattice concentration was located on the outer pipe wall, and the maximum trapped concentration occurred at the defect center. And both of them elevated with tensile strain and initial concentration increasing, although there was a difference of several orders of magnitude between them. The increase of temperature reduced the maximum concentration. Besides, the maximum hydrogen concentration in trapping sites also increased with the higher binding energy. The proposed model can be used to determine the hydrogen concentration and distribution behavior at corrosion defect for HE prediction of corroded pipeline.
A Systematic Approach to Solving Problematic Heat Exchanger Joints Through Application of WRC 538 & WRC 510 Principles
Authors: Berry Alex , Tanveer Usman , LoCascio Kevin , Seijas Antonio , Naqvi Aamir 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Shell and tube heat exchangers are commonplace in many industrial installations. To facilitate cleaning and inspection, exchanger components are made to be unbolted. These custom bolted flanged joints are designed to meet or exceed the applicable code requirements to prevent leakage in service. Plant engineers often inherit “problematic” heat exchanger joints that leak during operation. This may happen during start up, normal operation or during a unit upset condition. Flange re-design is often not an option, and the engineer must analyse the “bad-actor” and seek solutions to prevent future leakage. This paper will explore what makes for a leak free joint based on current industry knowledge and explore tools that can be used to evaluate bolted flanged joints quickly and effectively by the plant engineer. With the publication of WRC 538 and WRC 510, engineers can assess bolted flanged joints based on the limiting design of each component and accurately assess the thermal effects for joints operating at temperature. A step-by-step methodology is provided leading to solutions implemented in two case studies that have resulted in leak free joints between turnaround cycles. These solutions address the root cause of all flange leaks which is insufficient gasket stress. However, loss of gasket stress may result for a variety of reasons which are explored in detail.
Assessment of Coke Drum Bulge Deformation Using Online Thermal Data to Determine Optimal Weld Overlay Repair Design
Authors: Berry Alex , Brown Warren , Brodzinski Richard , Seijas Antonio 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Studies [1–11] have shown bulging in coke drums occurs due to several factors. One of which, are large thermal gradients that occur during the drum operating cycle. A thermocouple array comprising of 126 temperature indicators, spanning 1.7 m (5.5 ft) high, full circumference, was installed onto a coke drum at the location of a significant bulge in order to monitor the drum skin temperature distribution over a thirty-day period (total of 14 drum cycles). This paper presents the findings of this thermal study, exploring the nature of the hot and cold spots seen during the quench phase and maps out the resulting deformations and plastic strains local to the drum bulge. A reinforcing weld overlay repair is selected after using finite element analysis (FEA) to optimise weld coverage, placement (internal surface ID vs external surface OD), number of weld overlay passes and final thickness. The weld overlay effectiveness was found to be primarily based on the axial extent of overlay applied and not significantly affected by the thickness of the overlay.
Fracture Characterization of Structural Steel S275JR Using Conventional CT Specimens, Mini-CT Specimens and Small Punch Specimens: A Comparison
Authors: Sánchez Marcos , Cicero Sergio , Arroyo Borja 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Miniaturized specimens, such as mini-CT specimens and Small Punch (SP) specimens, are a solid alternative when characterizing the fracture behavior of structural materials but there are restrictions related to the amount of material available, irradiation issues or material inhomogeneities, among other possible concerns. Moreover, in ferritic-pearlitic steels, fracture characterization is of particular interest within the ductile-to-brittle transition zone (DBTZ), and it is often performed through the definition of the Reference Temperature (T0) and the Master Curve (MC) methodology. The use of mini-CT specimens has been validated in a number of steels used in the nuclear industry, but its application in other types of ferritic-pearlitic steels is very limited. In this regard, this work provides an overview of the fracture characterization results (T0) in structural steel S275JR, which have been obtained by using conventional standardized Compact-Tension (CT) specimens, mini-CT specimens and SP specimens. This steel is a low carbon non-alloyed steel which is widely used in civil engineering structures. Here, it is shown how, for this particular structural steel, the use of miniaturized specimens provides T0 estimations which are comparable to those values obtained from conventional larger specimens, and also that the MC approach accurately reflects the fracture behavior in the DBTZ.