bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lower urinary albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio predicted all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality in Chinese population with diabetes and prediabetes—The Shanghai Changfeng cohort study
Authors: Chen Lingyan , Wu Li , Li Qian , Ma Hui , Liu Ting , Li Jing , Pan Baisheng , Hu Yu , Lin Huandong , Gao Xin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionElevated urinary albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio (UACR) was associated with increased mortality in general population and diabetic patients. However, whether the association remains similar in the subjects with different status of glucose metabolism was unclear. The optimal level of UACR in predicting mortality also remained unknown. This study aims to investigate the relationship between UACR with all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality in population with different status of glucose metabolism and explore the predictive cutoff point of UACR.MethodsSix thousand three hundred and eighty‐six community‐dwelling individuals aged ≥45 years were enrolled and followed for an average of 5.3 years. Cox proportional hazards model was performed to analysis the association of baseline UACR and all‐cause as well as cardiovascular mortality according to the status of glucose metabolism. Receiver operating characteristic curve was plotted to explore the optimal predictive cutoff point of UACR.ResultsWith UACR increasing, both the prevalence of all‐cause and cardiovascular death increased. Cox analyses showed baseline UACR independently predicted the risk of all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality in the patients with prediabetes mellitus (pre‐DM) and diabetes mellitus (DM) but not in subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT). When divided by quartiles of UACR, the cumulative survival rate decreased acrossing the quartiles. Compared to the subjects with lowest quartile of UACR, participants with UACR ≥7.40 mg/gCr had a higher risk of all‐cause mortality, and participants with UACR ≥16.60 mg/gCr had an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality in all hyperglycemia subjects. The optimal predictive cutoff point of UACR was about 17 mg/gCr.imageConclusionUACR was an independent predictor of all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality in population with pre‐DM and DM but not in the subjects with NGT. The optimal predictive cutoff point of UACR is about 17 mg/gCr, which was far below the diagnostic cutoff point of microalbuminuria. Earlier interventions of albuminuria should be initiated from very early stage of hyperglycemia to reduce the burden of death in all patients whose glucose metabolism are impaired.
Long‐term conservation efforts at flyway scale can halt the population decline in a globally endangered migratory raptor
Authors: Oppel S. , Dobrev V. , Arkumarev V. , Saravia‐Mullin V. , Bashmili K. , Bino T. , Bounas A. , Chardin A. , Dobrev D. , Duro K. , Kapsalis E. , Kret E. , Marchant M.‐P. , Nakev S. , Petrovski N. , Papaioannou H. , Popgeorgiev G. , Selgjekaj L. , Skartsi T. , Stamenov A. , Stoychev S. , Topi M. , Vavylis D. , Velevski M. , Vorpsi Z. , Weston J. , Xeka E. , Xherri X. , Yordanov E. , Nikolov S. C. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMany threatened species require ongoing management, which is often funded through short project cycles. Evaluating whether the management is effective in protecting a species is important to inform future management investments. For migratory species, management may affect only part of a species' annual cycle, and reversing a population decline is challenging to achieve and demonstrate. Here, we evaluate whether conservation management projects funded by the European LIFE programme to safeguard a migratory vulture population achieved their major objective of stabilizing the target breeding population. Between 2012 and 2022, an international alliance of conservation organizations implemented multiple actions to reduce poisoning, direct persecution, and electrocution and collision with power lines along the Eastern Mediterranean flyway. We monitored breeding territories of the Balkan population of the globally endangered Egyptian Vulture Neophron percnopterus between 2006 and 2022, and tracked 60 young birds with GPS transmitters since 2010. We used these data to examine whether population growth rate and survival probability had increased since project implementation. The mean annual survival probability of adult territorial birds increased by 1.9% since 2014 from 0.937 to 0.955, and the monthly survival probability of wild juvenile birds increased by 9.7% from 0.833 to 0.914 since 2018. The population growth rate across the Balkans increased by 6.9% from 0.939 before 2018 to 1.005 since 2018. This indicates that the Egyptian Vulture population has remained stable for the past 5 years (2018–2022), but at a population size that is only half (105 adult territorial birds in 2022) than at the beginning of the time series (204 in 2006). We caution that ongoing management along the flyway and reinforcement are required to ensure that the Egyptian Vulture population on the Balkans can recover, but we show that flyway‐scale collaboration of direct conservation actions can have lasting benefits for migratory species.
Letter: Tofacitinib, vedolizumab and ustekinumab in patients with ulcerative colitis
Authors: Chang Hui‐Chin , Gau Shuo‐Yan 
Published: November 2023

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Kochhar et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17570 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17750
Editorial: On‐demand vonoprazan forNERD– when should it be ‘demanded’? Authors' reply
Authors: Fass Ronnie , Armstrong David 
Published: November 2023

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Fass et al papers. To view these articles, visithttps://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17728andhttps://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17737
Letter: Abdominal pain in patients with inflammatory bowel disease in remission ‐ A look beyond psychosocial factors. Authors' reply
Authors: Rezazadeh Ardabili Ashkan , Janssen Laura , Mujagic Zlatan 
Published: November 2023

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Janssen et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17718 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17745
A phase 1 trial of AP30663, a KCa2 channel inhibitor in development for conversion of atrial fibrillation
Authors: Yfanti Christina , Vestbjerg Birgitte , van't Westende Juliette , Edvardsson Nils , Monfort Laia Meseguer , Olesen Morten Salling , Bentzen Bo Hjorth , Grunnet Morten , Eveleens Maarse Boukje C. , Diness Jonas Goldin , Kemme Michiel J. B. , Sørensen Ulrik , Moerland Matthijs , van Esdonk Michiel J. , Klaassen Erica S. , Gal Pim , Holst Anders G. 
Published: November 2023

AimsAP30663 is a novel compound under development for pharmacological conversion of atrial fibrillation by targeting the small conductance Ca2+ activated K+ (KCa2) channel. The aim of this extension phase 1 study was to test AP30663 at higher single doses compared to the first‐in‐human trial.MethodsSixteen healthy male volunteers were randomized into 2 cohorts: 6‐ and 8‐mg/kg intravenous single‐dose administration of AP30663 vs. placebo. Safety, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data were collected.ResultsAP30663 was associated with mild and transient infusion site reactions with no clustering of other adverse events but with an estimated maximum mean QTcF interval prolongation of 45.2 ms (95% confidence interval 31.5–58.9) in the 6 mg/kg dose level and 50.4 ms (95% confidence interval 36.7–64.0) with 8 mg/kg. Pharmacokinetics was dose proportional with terminal half‐life of around 3 h.ConclusionAP30663 in doses up to 8 mg/kg was associated with mild and transient infusion site reactions and an increase of the QTcF interval. Supporting Information support that the QTc effect may be explained by an off‐target inhibition of the IKr channel.
Exaggerating differences back and forth: Two levels of intergroup accentuation
Authors: Rothermund Patrick , Deutsch Roland 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSocial perceivers tend to exaggerate existing differences between groups, a phenomenon known as intergroup accentuation. In two preregistered experiments, we tested the hypothesis that accentuation originates in the initial learning of information about a novel group. In both experiments, perceivers exaggerated differences between two fictitious social groups that differed probabilistically in two dimensional traits. As hypothesized, accentuation was stronger for the group encountered second, confirming that accentuation originates partly in processes operating during the acquisition of group information. However, accentuation was also robust for the group encountered first, suggesting that it also occurs ‘backward’ even when group learning was unbiased. We discuss implications for stereotype formation generally and the perception of social minorities and out‐groups specifically. As these groups are often encountered second in social reality, stereotypes of them might be particularly polarized.
CATSHL syndrome, a new family and phenotypic expansion
Authors: Cannova Silvia , Meossi Camilla , Grilli Federico , Milani Donatella , Alberti Federica , Cesaretti Claudia , Marchisio Paola Giovanna , Crosti Francesca , Pezzani Lidia 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe report the case of a 12‐year‐old girl and her father who both had marked postnatal tall stature, camptodactyly and clinodactyly, scoliosis and juvenile‐onset hearing loss. The CATSHL (CAmptodactyly – Tall stature – Scoliosis – Hearing Loss syndrome) syndrome was suspected, and molecular analysis revealed a hitherto unreported, monoallelic variant c.1861C>T (p.Arg621Cys) in FGFR3. This variant affects the same residue, but is different than, the variant p.Arg621His reported in the two families with dominant CATSHL described so far. Interestingly, peg‐shaped incisors were observed in the proband, a feature never reported in CATSHL but typical of another FGFR3‐related condition, LADD (Lacrimo – Auricolo – Dento – Digital) syndrome. The FGFR3 p.Arg621Cys variant seems to be a newly identified cause of CATSHL syndrome with some phenotypic overlap with the LADD syndrome.
Critical‐size defects reconstruction with four different bone grafts associated with e‐PTFE membrane: A histomorphometric experimental in vivo study
Authors: Fernandes Gustavo Vicentis Oliveira , Castro Filipe , Pereira Rafael Martins , Teixeira Wendel , Gehrke Sérgio , Joly Julio Cesar , Blanco Carrion Juan , Fernandes Juliana Campos Hasse 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe goal of this study was to assess the newly formed bone and the remnant biomaterial by comparing four different bone grafts used to treat critical‐size defects, associated or not with the non‐resorbable membrane.Materials and MethodsTwo calvaria critical‐size bone defects were created in 50 male Wistar rats. They were divided into blood (G1), autogenous (G2), bioglass (G3), hydroxyapatite (G4), and xenograft (G5) groups, associated or not with e‐PTFE. The experimental periods were 15 and 45 days. Sections were prepared for histomorphometric assessment. All data were analyzed by the mixed‐effects model with multiple comparisons (significance level, p < .05).ResultsA similar level of new bone was observed for all groups, associated with a high level of vascularization. G1 and G2 ensured sovereignty over the greater quantity of new bone. A non‐significant result was reported comparing groups with and without membranes. No significant result was found between the experimental synthetic biomaterials (G3 and G4). G5L achieved 22.0% of new bone after 45 days (p > .05). All groups had a stable volume of biomaterial kept in the short term (p > .05). G2 was the best material for new bone formation and final volume of biomaterial, followed by G4 < G5 < G3. Thus, it is possible that G4 had a better degradation profile among the experimental groups.ConclusionsThe best results were found in the autogenous group, with higher resorption and integration; non‐significative new bone was found among the experimental groups; and the regeneration of critical bone defects using an e‐PTFE barrier did not present significant results on new bone formation.
Probing Lexical Ambiguity in Chinese Characters via Their Word Formations: Convergence of Perceived and Computed Metrics
Authors: Wang Tianqi , Xu Xu , Xie Xurong , Ng Manwa Lawrence 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLexical ambiguity is pervasive in language, and the nature of the representations of an ambiguous word's multiple meanings is yet to be fully understood. With a special focus on Chinese characters, the present study first established that native speaker's perception about a character's number of meanings was heavily influenced by the availability of its distinct word formations, while whether these meanings would be perceived to be closely related was driven by further conceptual analysis. These notions were operationalized as two computed metrics, which assessed the degree of dispersion across individual word formations and the degree of propinquity across clusters of word formations, respectively, in a distributional semantic space. The observed correlations between the computed and the perceived metrics indicated that the utility of word formations to tap into meaning representations of Chinese characters was indeed cognitively plausible. The results have demonstrated the extent to which distributional semantics could inform about meaning representations of Chinese characters, which has theoretical implications for the representation of ambiguous words more generally.
Few‐shot learning for word‐level scene text script identification
Authors: Naosekpam Veronica , Sahu Nilkanta 
Published: November 2023

AbstractScript identification of text in scene images has attracted massive attention recently. However, the existing techniques primarily emphasize on scripts where data are available abundantly, such as English, European, or East Asian. Although these methods are robust in dealing with high‐resource data, how these techniques will work on low‐resource scripts has yet to be discovered. For example, in India, there is a disparity among the text scripts across the country's demographic. To bridge the research gap for resource‐constraint script identification, we present a few‐shot learning network called the TextScriptFSLNet. This network does not require huge training data while achieving state‐of‐the‐art performance on benchmark datasets. Our proposed method acts in accordance with a ‐way ‐shot paradigm by splitting the train set as support and query set, respectively. The support set learns representative knowledge of each class and creates its prototypes. We use multi‐kernel spatial attention fused 2‐layer convolutional neural network and averaging technique to generate the prototype of each class. This spatial attention aids in grasping important information in an image and enriches the feature representation. To the best of our knowledge, the proposed work is the first of its kind in the scene text understanding domain. Additionally, we created a dataset called Indic‐FSL2023 comprising 10 of the 22 officially recognized Indian scripts. The proposed method achieves the highest accuracy among the tested methods on the newly created Indic‐FSL2023. Experiments are also conducted on MLe2e to demonstrate its versatility. Furthermore, we also showed how our proposed model performed concerning illumination changes and blur on scene text script images.
The development of tone discrimination in infancy: Evidence from a cross‐linguistic, multi‐lab report
Authors: Kalashnikova Marina , Singh Leher , Tsui Angeline , Altuntas Eylem , Burnham Denis , Cannistraci Ryan , Chin Ng Bee , Feng Ye , Fernández‐Merino Laura , Götz Antonia , Gustavsson Lisa , Hay Jessica , Höhle Barbara , Kager René , Lai Regine , Liu Liquan , Marklund Ellen , Nazzi Thierry , Oliveira Daniela Santos , Olstad Anne Marte Haug , Picaud Anthony , Schwarz Iris‐Corinna , Tsao Feng‐Ming , Wong Patrick C. M. , Woo Pei Jun 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe report the findings of a multi‐language and multi‐lab investigation of young infants’ ability to discriminate lexical tones as a function of their native language, age and language experience, as well as of tone properties. Given the high prevalence of lexical tones across human languages, understanding lexical tone acquisition is fundamental for comprehensive theories of language learning. While there are some similarities between the developmental course of lexical tone perception and that of vowels and consonants, findings for lexical tones tend to vary greatly across different laboratories. To reconcile these differences and to assess the developmental trajectory of native and non‐native perception of tone contrasts, this study employed a single experimental paradigm with the same two pairs of Cantonese tone contrasts (perceptually similar vs. distinct) across 13 laboratories in Asia‐Pacific, Europe and North‐America testing 5‐, 10‐ and 17‐month‐old monolingual (tone, pitch‐accent, non‐tone) and bilingual (tone/non‐tone, non‐tone/non‐tone) infants. Across the age range and language backgrounds, infants who were not exposed to Cantonese showed robust discrimination of the two non‐native lexical tone contrasts. Contrary to this overall finding, the statistical model assessing native discrimination by Cantonese‐learning infants failed to yield significant effects. These findings indicate that lexical tone sensitivity is maintained from 5 to 17 months in infants acquiring tone and non‐tone languages, challenging the generalisability of the existing theoretical accounts of perceptual narrowing in the first months of life.Research Highlights
This is a multi‐language and multi‐lab investigation of young infants’ ability to discriminate lexical tones.
This study included data from 13 laboratories testing 5‐, 10‐, and 17‐month‐old monolingual (tone, pitch‐accent, non‐tone) and bilingual (tone/non‐tone, non‐tone/non‐tone) infants.
Overall, infants discriminated a perceptually similar and a distinct non‐native tone contrast, although there was no evidence of a native tone‐language advantage in discrimination.
These results demonstrate maintenance of tone discrimination throughout development.
Modeling familial and sporadic Parkinson's disease in small fishes
Authors: Yamanaka Tomoyuki , Matsui Hideaki 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe establishment of animal models for Parkinson's disease (PD) has been challenging. Nevertheless, once established, they will serve as valuable tools for elucidating the causes and pathogenesis of PD, as well as for developing new strategies for its treatment. Following the recent discovery of a series of PD causative genes in familial cases, teleost fishes, including zebrafish and medaka, have often been used to establish genetic PD models because of their ease of breeding and gene manipulation, as well as the high conservation of gene orthologs. Some of the fish lines can recapitulate PD phenotypes, which are often more pronounced than those in rodent genetic models. In addition, a new experimental teleost fish, turquoise killifish, can be used as a sporadic PD model, because it spontaneously manifests age‐dependent PD phenotypes. Several PD fish models have already made significant contributions to the discovery of novel PD pathological features, such as cytosolic leakage of mitochondrial DNA and pathogenic phosphorylation in α‐synuclein. Therefore, utilizing various PD fish models with distinct degenerative phenotypes will be an effective strategy for identifying emerging facets of PD pathogenesis and therapeutic modalities.
Computer‐aided design and computer‐aided manufacturing poly (methyl methacrylate) interim veneers for immediate esthetic restoration of autotransplanted teeth
Authors: Sans Francesc Abella , Vidal‐Ponsoda Carla , Caponi Lucas Queiroz , Cayón Miguel Roig , Nagendrababu Venkateshbabu 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAutotransplanted teeth in the maxillary anterior region should be restored or reshaped as soon as possible for functional and esthetic reasons as well as the well‐being of the patient. However, such tooth restorations are frequently not carried out immediately after tooth transplantation because the process could have a negative impact on the healing process. The development of a simple, immediate, and atraumatic esthetic interim restoration would be of great benefit to both the clinician and patient and address all the concerns caused by immediately preparing the tooth postoperatively and cementing a permanent restoration. This report describes the use of CAD‐CAM technology to create poly (methyl methacrylate) veneers preoperatively that can be cemented extraorally on the extracted donor tooth for the immediate and interim recontouring of autotransplanted anterior teeth.
RETRACTED: Effects of intramedullary nailing and internal fixation plates on postoperative wound infection and pain in patients with distal tibia fractures: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Kou Fei , Li Teng 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA meta‐analysis was performed to assess the effects of intramedullary nailing (IMN) and internal fixation plates (IFP) on postoperative wound infection and pain in patients with distal tibia fractures, to provide evidence for the selection of surgical options for this group of patients. Computerised searches were performed on PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, MEDLINE, CNKI and Wanfang databases from the inception of each library to August 2023. All published randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing IMN with IFP for the treatment of patients with distal tibial fractures were selected. Literature screening, data extraction and literature evaluation were independently completed by two researchers. Data analysis was performed using the Review Manager 5.4 software. Overall, 25 RCTs with a total of 2011 patients were finally included, comprised by 1009 patients in the IMN group and 1002 patients in the IFP group. The rate of wound infection was significantly lower in the IMN group than that in the IFP group (5.05% vs. 9.58%, odds ratio [OR]: 0.52, 95% confidence intervals [CIs]: 0.37–0.73, p < 0.001). Meanwhile, the IMN group had a significantly higher rate of joint pain than that of the IFP group (14.57% vs. 2.90%, OR: 4.93, 95% CIs: 3.02–8.03, p < 0.00001), whereas the difference between the two surgical procedures in terms of operative time was not statistically significant (standardised mean differences: 0.08 95% CIs: −0.58–0.74, p = 0.82). Current clinical evidence suggests that both IMN and IFP are excellent treatments for distal tibial fractures. Although IMN is better in reducing postoperative wound infection, the risk of postoperative pain is higher. Thus, an appropriate surgical procedure should be selected in clinical practice in accordance with the actual situation of the patient, and IFP is used to reduce the incidence of postoperative joint pain when the anterior tibial soft tissue of the distal tibial fracture is in good condition, and vice versa. IMN is used to reduce the risk of infection.