bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combining fibril‐induced alpha‐synuclein aggregation and 6‐hydroxydopamine in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease and the effect of cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor on the induced neurodegeneration
Authors: Singh Aastha , Panhelainen Anne , Reunanen Saku , Luk Kelvin C. , Voutilainen Merja H. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe existent pre‐clinical models of Parkinson's disease do not simultaneously recapitulate severe degeneration of dopamine neurons and the occurrence of alpha‐synuclein (aSyn) aggregation in one study system. In this study, we injected aSyn pre‐formed fibrils (PFF) and 6‐hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA) unilaterally into the striatum of C57BL/6 wild‐type male mice at an interval of 2 weeks to induce aggregation of aSyn protein and trigger the loss of dopamine neurons simultaneously in one model and studied the behavioural effects of the combination in these mice. 6‐OHDA was tested at three different doses, and 2 μg of 6‐OHDA combined with PFF‐induced aSyn aggregation was found to produce the most optimal disease phenotype. At 14 weeks timepoint, mice injected with a combination of PFF and 6‐OHDA sustained significant damage to the nigrostriatal pathway and exhibited aSyn‐positive aggregation. Our data suggest that the neurons that formed large aSyn aggregates were particularly vulnerable to 6‐OHDA‐induced degeneration. We also demonstrate the manifestation of a relatively aggressive pathology in 2‐ to 4‐month‐old mice, as compared to younger 7‐ to 9‐week‐old ones. Furthermore, cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor (CDNF) administered intrastriatally rescued dopamine neurons and motor behaviour of the animals to some extent from 6‐OHDA toxicity. However, no such effect could be seen in the novel 6‐OHDA + PFFs combination model. For the first time, we demonstrate the combined effect of PFF and 6‐OHDA simultaneously in one model. We further discuss the scope for further optimizing this combination model to develop it as a promising pre‐clinical platform for drug screening and development.
Engaging fathers who commit family violence: Issues and challenges for family courts
Authors: Nonomura Robert , Zamfir Dan , Scott Katreena , Jaffe Peter , Bukhari Shaz , Heslop Lisa 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIntervention with fathers who commit family violence is an essential but often overlooked part of effective family court proceedings. This article provides an overview of how evidence‐informed engagement with fathers around family violence can complement family court efforts to achieve safe and healthy outcomes for children. The focus on fathers is not based on bias against fathers, men, or masculinity, but rather it is consistent with the fact that fathers comprise a substantial proportion of those who use family violence. These men need more effective engagement and interventions. Fathers in these circumstances need to be engaged in services that can assess, monitor, and manage ongoing family violence and risk as well as develop skills to form more positive, healthy relationships with their children and children's mothers. Courts, in turn, need to consider evidence of accountability and change. Application and continued development of the strategies recommended herein would enhance the safety of mothers who experience violence, their children, and the well‐being of fathers who have used family violence. Collaboration with community partners serving families must become cornerstones in promoting the safety for and with all family members.
Phasing out palm and soy oil biodiesel in the EU: What is the benefit?
Authors: Heimann Tobias , Argueyrolles Robin , Reinhardt Manuel , Schuenemann Franziska , Söder Mareike , Delzeit Ruth 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe Renewable Energy Directive (RED II) by the European Union (EU) provides an updated framework for the use of renewable energy in the EU transport sector until 2030, and bans the use of biofuels with a high risk of causing indirect land‐use change in high carbon stock areas (high ILUC‐risk criteria). The only biofuel feedstock affected by this criterion is palm oil. We employ the computable general equilibrium (CGE) model DART‐BIO for a scenario‐based policy analysis and evaluate a phase‐out of palm oil‐based biodiesel, and an additional phase‐out of soy oil‐based biodiesel in the EU. Our results show that the palm phase‐out has only a relatively small impact on global palm fruit production and total crop land use in tropical and subtropical regions, while the soy phase‐out leads to a comparable stronger decrease in global soy production, and a reduction in total cropland use in soy‐producing regions. Both policies lead to increased oilseed production in the EU. Therefore, farmer in Malaysia and Indonesia face a significantly reduced income. While European farmers profit the most, EU firms and households are confronted with higher expenditures. Finally, this study indicates that unilateral demand‐side regulations for a single good in a single sector is not sufficient for effective environmental protection. Enhanced binding sustainability criteria and certification schemes for the use of all vegetable oils in every sector and industry as well as improved protection schemes for sensible forest areas are necessary.
Effect of alkali and alkaline earth metal ion as glass modifiers on the spectroscopic characteristics of Er3+‐ion doped lead silicate glasses
Authors: Zheng Ruoyu , Wang Xin , Sun Yan , Wen Lei , Hu Lili , Arkadievich Khazanov Efim , Olegovich Andrey , Chen Shubin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe spectroscopic characteristics of Er‐doped lead silicate glasses were investigated with respect to the effects of glass modifiers (Li+, Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, and Ba2+) with various optical basicities. Using the absorption spectra of the glasses, the Judd–Ofelt parameters of the glasses were calculated and examined, with an emphasis on the glass emission intensity ratio at 1572 nm. The spectra of the samples at low temperatures were examined, and the Stark splitting of Er3+ was investigated. The McCumber method was used to determine the emission cross sections of glasses. The SPM glass exhibited high values of full width at half maximum (51.24 nm) and the emission cross section at 1572 nm (1.908 × 10−21 cm2), with potential applications for guiding component design of 1.5‐μm fiber lasers and amplifiers.
Free riding, democracy, and sacrifice in the workplace: Evidence from a real‐effort experiment
Authors: Kamei Kenju , Tabero Katy 
Published: December 2023

AbstractTeams are increasingly popular decision‐making and work units in firms. This paper uses a novel real‐effort experiment to show that (a) some teams in the workplace reduce their members' private benefits to achieve a group optimum in a social dilemma and (b) such endogenous choices by themselves enhance their work productivity (per‐work‐time production)—a phenomenon called the “dividend of democracy.” In the experiment, worker subjects are randomly assigned to a team of three, and they then jointly solve a collaborative real‐effort task under a revenue‐sharing rule in their group with two other teams, while each individual worker can privately and independently shirk by playing a Tetris game. Strikingly, teams exhibit significantly higher productivity (per‐work‐time production) when they can decide whether to reduce the return from shirking by voting than when the policy implementation is randomly decided from above, irrespective of the policy implementation outcome. This means that democratic culture directly affects behavior. On the other hand, the workers under democracy also increase their shirking, presumably due to enhanced fatigue owing to the stronger productivity. Despite this, democracy does not decrease overall production thanks to the enhanced work productivity.
Eimeria falciformis extracellular vesicles differentially express host cell lncRNAs
Authors: Olajide Joshua S. , Qu Zigang , Yang Shunli , Yang Bin , Xu Xiao , Wang Jing , Cai Jianping 
Published: December 2023

AbstractLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are regulatory transcripts during protozoan infections in the host intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). Apicomplexan Eimeria falciformis sporozoite extracellular vesicles (EVs) contain virulence factors that modulate host IECs pro‐inflammatory genes and immune responses. In this study, E. falciformis sporozoites were made to interact with inactivated host cells, and the parasite EVs were separated from total secretome by ultracentrifugation and purified on density gradient medium. Dose‐dependent bio‐activity of E. falciformis EVs was investigated by RNA sequencing, functional annotation and quantitative PCR. It was found that E. falciformis EVs induced mRNA, circRNA, and lncRNA expressions in mouse IECs. Of 38, 217 lncRNAs assembled, 157 and 152 were upwardly and downwardly expressed respectively. Differentially expressed lncRNAs were associated with cytokines, pyroptosis, and immune signaling pathways including FoxO, NF‐κB, MAPK, and TGF‐β. In essence, E. falciformis EVs altered host cell RNA expressions during the interaction with host IECs. Also, differentially expressed lncRNAs are potential diagnostic transcripts during Eimeria infections.
Antagonistic actions of Paucibacter aquatileB51 and its lasso peptide paucinodin toward cyanobacterial bloom‐forming Microcystis aeruginosaPCC7806
Authors: Cha Yeji , Kim Wonjae , Park Yerim , Kim Minkyung , Son Yongjun , Park Woojun 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSuperior antagonistic activity against axenic Microcystis aeruginosa PCC7806 was observed with Paucibacter sp. B51 isolated from cyanobacterial bloom samples among 43 tested freshwater bacterial species. Complete genome sequencing, analyzing average nucleotide identity and digital DNA–DNA hybridization, designated the B51 strain as Paucibacter aquatile. Electron and fluorescence microscopic image analyses revealed the presence of the B51 strain in the vicinity of M. aeruginosa cells, which might provoke direct inhibition of the photosynthetic activity of the PCC7806 cells, leading to perturbation of cellular metabolisms and consequent cell death. Our speculation was supported by the findings that growth failure of the PCC7806 cells led to low pH conditions with fewer chlorophylls and down‐regulation of photosystem genes (e.g., psbD and psaB) during their 48‐h co‐culture condition. Interestingly, the concentrated ethyl acetate extracts obtained from B51‐grown supernatant exhibited a growth‐inhibitory effect on PCC7806. The physical separation of both strains by a filter system led to no inhibitory activity of the B51 cells, suggesting that contact‐mediated anti‐cyanobacterial compounds might also be responsible for hampering the growth of the PCC7806 cells. Bioinformatic tools identified 12 gene clusters that possibly produce secondary metabolites, including a class II lasso peptide in the B51 genome. Further chemical analysis demonstrated anti‐cyanobacterial activity from fractionated samples having a rubrivinodin‐like lasso peptide, named paucinodin. Taken together, both contact‐mediated inhibition of photosynthesis and the lasso peptide secretion of the B51 strain are responsible for the anti‐cyanobacterial activity of P. aquatile B51.
A roadmap to realist interviews in health professions education research: Recommendations based on a critical analysis
Authors: Rees Charlotte E. , Davis Corinne , Nguyen Van N. B. , Proctor Dominic , Mattick Karen L. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractContextRealist evaluation is increasingly employed in health professions education research (HPER) because it can unpack the extent to which complex educational interventions work (or not), for whom under what circumstances and how. While realist evaluation is not wedded to particular methods, realist interviews are commonly the primary, if not only, data collection method in realist evaluations. While qualitative interviewing from an interpretivist standpoint has been well‐articulated in the HPER literature, realist interviewing differs substantially. The former elicits participants' views and experiences of a topic of inquiry, whereas realist interviewing focuses on building, testing and/or refining programme theory. Therefore, this article aims to help readers better understand, conduct, report and critique realist interviews as part of realist evaluations.MethodsIn this paper, we describe what realist approaches are, what realist interviewing is and why realist interviewing matters. We outline five stages to realist interviewing (developing initial programme theory, realist sampling/samples, the interview itself, realist analysis and reporting realist interviews), drawing on two illustrative cases from our own realist evaluations employing interviewing to bring theory to life. We provide a critical analysis of 12 realist evaluations employing interviewing in the HPER literature. Alongside reporting standards, and our own realist interviewing experiences, this critical analysis of published articles serves to foreground our recommendations for realist interviewing.ConclusionsWe encourage HPE researchers to consider realist interviews as part of realist evaluations of complex interventions. Our critical analysis reveals that realist interviews can provide unique insights into HPE, but authors now need to report their sampling approach, type of interviewing and interview questions more explicitly. Studies should also more explicitly draw on existing realist interviewing literature and follow reporting guidelines for realist evaluations. We hope this paper provides a useful roadmap to conducting, reporting and critically appraising realist interviews in HPER.
Imaging‐based diagnosis and classification of radioactive iodine‐induced sialadenitis
Authors: Li Xiao , Zheng Dan‐Ni , Ling Xiao‐Tong , Yang Jing , Xie Xiao‐Yan , Liu Deng‐Gao , Yu Guang‐Yan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo establish an inflammation grading system for radioactive iodine‐induced sialadenitis (RAIS) based on spiral computed tomography (CT), ultrasonography and sialography.MethodsIn all, 120 RAIS patients (18 males and 102 females) were retrospectively included. Spiral CT, ultrasonography and sialography appearances were analysed and categorized as follows: grade I, approximately normal or mild sialadenitis; grade II, moderate sialadenitis; and grade III, severe sialadenitis. Adenitis severity was analysed relative to sex, age, RAI treatment sessions and cumulative doses.ResultsSpiral CT showed heterogeneous (78.9%) and atrophic changes (36.8%) in the parotid glands (PGs) and duct ectasia (24.8%) in the submandibular glands (SMGs). Ultrasonography showed heterogeneous echogenicity (54.3%) and diminished gland size (30.2%) in PGs and duct ectasia in SMGs (34.7%). Sialography showed duct obliteration in 25.3% PGs and 3.2% SMGs. Statistical analysis showed good consistency among the three imaging grading results. The incidence and severity of PG lesions were significantly higher than that of SMGs (p < 0.001). As for PGs, adenitis severity was associated with both treatment sessions and cumulative doses; but in SMGs, disease severity was only related to treatment sessions.ConclusionsA grading system for severity of RAIS was established based on spiral CT, ultrasonography and sialography appearances.
Cutaneous adenovirus infection in an immunocompromised child
Authors: Soenjoyo Karina Ruth , Lee Elis Yuexian , Koh Mark Jean Aan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAdenoviruses are common viral pathogens in childhood; however, cutaneous manifestations are not well‐documented. We present a rare case of cutaneous adenovirus infection in a 23‐month‐old boy with a background of CD40 ligand deficiency, post bone marrow transplant. The clinical morphology of the skin lesions in our patient, described as skin‐colored papules with central crusting, has not been previously described and contributes to the growing literature of cutaneous adenovirus cases.
I

n vitro
pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of the β-lactamase inhibitor, durlobactam, in combination with sulbactam against
Acinetobacter baumannii-calcoaceticus
complex
Authors: O'Donnell John , Tanudra Angela , Chen April , Miller Alita A. , McLeod Sarah M. , Tommasi Rubén 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Infections caused by
Acinetobacter baumannii
are increasingly multidrug resistant and associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Sulbactam is a β-lactamase inhibitor with intrinsic antibacterial activity against
A. baumannii
. Durlobactam is a non-β-lactam β-lactamase inhibitor with an extended spectrum of activity compared to other inhibitors of its class.
In vitro
pharmacodynamic infection models were undertaken to establish the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) index and magnitudes associated with sulbactam and durlobactam efficacy and to simulate epithelial lining fluid (ELF) exposures at clinical doses to understand sulbactam-durlobactam activity with and without co-administration of a carbapenem. Hollow fiber infection models (HFIMs) and one-compartment systems were used to identify the PK/PD indices and exposure magnitudes associated of 1-log
10
and 2-log
10
colony-forming unit (CFU)/mL reductions. Sulbactam and durlobactam demonstrated PK/PD drivers of % time above the minimum inhibition concentration (%T > MIC) and area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time 0 to 24 h (AUC
0–24
)/MIC, respectively. Against a sulbactam-susceptible strain, sulbactam %T > MIC of 71.5 and 82.0 were associated with 1-log
10
and 2-log
10
CFU/mL reductions, respectively, in the HFIM. Against a non-susceptible strain, durlobactam restored the activity of sulbactam with an AUC
0–24
/MICs of 34.0 and 46.8 using a polysulfone cartridge to achieve a 1-log
10
and 2-log
10
CFU/mL reduction. These magnitudes were reduced to 13.8 and 24.2, respectively, using a polyvinylidene fluoride cartridge with a membrane pore size of 0.1 μm. In the one-compartment model, durlobactam AUC
0–24
/MIC to achieve 1-log
10
and 2-log
10
CFU/mL reduction were 7.6 and 33.4, respectively. Simulations of clinical ELF exposures in the HFIM showed cidal activity at MICs ≤4 µg/mL. Penicillin binding protein 3 mutant strains with MICs of 8 μg/mL may benefit from the addition of a carbapenem at clinical exposures.
Nitrous oxide reduction by two partial denitrifying bacteria requires denitrification intermediates that cannot be respired
Authors: LaSarre Breah , Morlen Ryan , Neumann Gina C. , Harwood Caroline S. , McKinlay James B. 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Denitrification is a form of anaerobic respiration wherein nitrate (NO
3
−
) is sequentially reduced via nitrite (NO
2
−
), nitric oxide, and nitrous oxide (N
2
O) to dinitrogen gas (N
2
) by four reductase enzymes. Partial denitrifying bacteria possess only one or some of these four reductases and use them as independent respiratory modules. However, it is unclear if partial denitrifiers sense and respond to denitrification intermediates outside of their reductase repertoire. Here, we tested the denitrifying capabilities of two purple nonsulfur bacteria,
Rhodopseudomonas palustris
CGA0092 and
Rhodobacter capsulatus
SB1003. Each had denitrifying capabilities that matched their genome annotation; CGA0092 reduced NO
2
−
to N
2
, and SB1003 reduced N
2
O to N
2
. For each bacterium, N
2
O reduction could be used both for electron balance during growth on electron-rich organic compounds in light and for energy transformation via respiration in darkness. However, N
2
O reduction required supplementation with a denitrification intermediate, including those for which there was no associated denitrification enzyme. For CGA0092, NO
3
−
served as a stable, non-catalyzable molecule that was sufficient to activate N
2
O reduction. Using a β-galactosidase reporter, we found that NO
3
−
acted, at least in part, by stimulating N
2
O reductase gene expression. In SB1003, NO
2
−
but not NO
3
−
activated N
2
O reduction, but NO
2
−
was slowly removed, likely by a promiscuous enzyme activity. Our findings reveal that partial denitrifiers can still be subject to regulation by denitrification intermediates that they cannot use.

IMPORTANCE
Denitrification is a form of microbial respiration wherein nitrate is converted via several nitrogen oxide intermediates into harmless dinitrogen gas. Partial denitrifying bacteria, which individually have some but not all denitrifying enzymes, can achieve complete denitrification as a community by cross-feeding nitrogen oxide intermediates. However, the last intermediate, nitrous oxide (N2O), is a potent greenhouse gas that often escapes, motivating efforts to understand and improve the efficiency of denitrification. Here, we found that at least some partial denitrifying N2O reducers can sense and respond to nitrogen oxide intermediates that they cannot otherwise use. The regulatory effects of nitrogen oxides on partial denitrifiers are thus an important consideration in understanding and applying denitrifying bacterial communities to combat greenhouse gas emissions.
Identification of a non-exported Plasmepsin V substrate that functions in the parasitophorous vacuole of malaria parasites
Authors: Fréville Aline , Ressurreição Margarida , van Ooij Christiaan 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Malaria parasites alter multiple properties of the host erythrocyte by exporting proteins into the host cell. Many exported proteins contain a five-amino acid motif called the
Plasmodium
export element (PEXEL) that is cleaved by the parasite protease Plasmepsin V (PM V). The presence of a PEXEL is considered a signature of protein export and has been used to identify a large number of exported proteins. The export of proteins becomes essential midway through the intraerythrocytic cycle—preventing protein export blocks parasite development 18–24 h after invasion. However, a genetic investigation revealed that the absence of the PEXEL protein PFA0210c (PF3D7_0104200) causes parasite development to arrest immediately after invasion. We now show that this protein is cleaved by PM V but not exported into the host erythrocyte and instead functions in the parasitophorous vacuole; hence, the protein was renamed PV6. We additionally show that the lysine residue that becomes the N-terminus of PV6 after processing by PM V prevents export. This is the first example of a native
Plasmodium falciparum
PM V substrate that remains in the parasitophorous vacuole. We also provide evidence suggesting that the parasite may produce at least one additional essential, non-exported PM V substrate. Therefore, the presence of a PEXEL and, hence, processing of a protein by PM V do not always target a protein for export, and PM V likely has a broader function in parasite growth beyond processing exported proteins. Furthermore, we utilized this finding to investigate possible requirements for protein export further.

IMPORTANCE
In the manuscript, the authors investigate the role of the protease Plasmepsin V in the parasite–host interaction. Whereas processing by Plasmepsin V was previously thought to target a protein for export into the host cell, the authors now show that there are proteins cleaved by this protease that are not exported but instead function at the host–parasite interface. This changes the view of this protease, which turns out to have a much broader role than anticipated. The result shows that the protease may have a function much more similar to that of related organisms. The authors also investigate the requirements for protein export by analyzing exported and non-exported proteins and find commonalities between the proteins of each set that further our understanding of the requirements for protein export.
Genome sequencing and
de novo
assembly of
Trichoderma longibrachiatum
isolate collected from Florida agricultural soils
Authors: Suazo Tejada Andrea Karina , Yu Pei-Ling , Smith Katherine E. , Huguet-Tapia Jose C. , Carrillo Joseph , Brawner Jeremy T. , Vallad Gary E. 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

We report a draft genome assembly of
Trichoderma longibrachiatum
isolate GEV 3550, obtained from Florida, United States of America.