bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcription factor PBX4 regulates limb development and haematopoiesis in mice
Authors: Ning Yan , Duo Shuguang , Lin Xiwen , Zhang Hongbo , Fei Jifeng , Zhang Bao , Zeng Yanyun , Xie Dan , Chen Jian , Liu Xiaowei , Han Chunsheng 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe mammalian Pre‐B cell leukaemia transcription factors 1–4 (PBX1‐4) constitutes the PBC class of the homeodomain (HD)‐containing proteins, which play important roles in diverse developmental processes. The functions and the underlying molecular mechanisms of PBX1‐3 but not PBX4 have been extensively studied, and they have been reported to direct essential morphogenetic processes and organogenesis. In the present study, we generated knockin mice of FLAG‐tagged PBX4 and the Pbx4 knockout (KO) mice and carried out in‐depth characterisation of PBX4 expression and function. PBX4 was initially detected only in the testis among several organs of the adult mice and was expressed in spermatocytes and spermatids. However, no abnormality in spermatogenesis, but growth retardation and premature death after birth were observed in most adult Pbx4 KO mice. These animals were inactive and had shorter hindlimbs and lower numbers of reticulocytes and lymphocytes, probably caused by abnormalities at earlier developmental stages. Pbx4 mRNAs were indeed detected in several embryonic cell types related to limb development by in situ hybridisation and single‐cell RNA‐sequencing analysis. Pbx4 protein was also detected in the bone marrow of adult mice with a lower level compared with that in the testis. PBX4 preferentially binds to the promoters of a large number of genes including those for other HD‐containing proteins and ribosomal proteins whose mutations are related to anaemia. PBX4‐binding sites are enriched in motifs similar to those of other HD‐containing proteins such as PKNOX1 indicating that PBX4 may also act as a co‐transcription factor like other PBC proteins. Together, these results show that PBX4 participates in limb development and haematopoiesis while its function in spermatogenesis has not been revealed by gene KO probably due to the complementary effects of other genes.
Construction of brain metastasis prediction model in limited stage small cell lung cancer patients without prophylactic cranial irradiation
Authors: Guo Jiayi , Liu Jianjiang , Ye Wanli , Xu Jun , Zhong Wangyan , Zhang Xiaoyu , Yuan Hang , Shi Hao , Li Ting , Xu Yibing , Mao Jiwei , Shen Bin , Wu Dongping 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntroductionSmall cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly aggressive lung cancer variant known for its elevated risk of brain metastases (BM). While earlier meta‐analyses supported the use of prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) to reduce BM incidence and enhance overall survival, modern MRI capabilities raise questions about PCI's universal benefit for limited‐stage SCLC (LS‐SCLC) patients. As a response, we have created a predictive model for BM, aiming to identify low‐risk individuals who may not require PCI.MethodsA total of 194 LS‐SCLC patients without PCI treated between 2009 and 2021 were included. We conducted both univariate and multivariate analyses to pinpoint the factors associated with the development of BM. A nomogram for predicting the 2‐ and 3‐year probabilities of BM was then constructed.ResultsUnivariate and multivariate analyses revealed several significant independent risk factors for the development of BM. These factors include TNM stage, the number of chemotherapy (ChT) cycles, Ki‐67 expression level, pretreatment serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels, and haemoglobin (HGB) levels. These findings underscore their respective roles as independent predictors of BM. Based on the results of the final multivariable analysis, a nomogram model was created. In the training cohort, the nomogram yielded an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.870 at 2 years and 0.828 at 3 years. In the validation cohort, the AUC values were 0.897 at 2 years and 0.789 at 3 years. The calibration curve demonstrated good agreement between the predicted and observed probabilities of BM.ConclusionsA novel nomogram has been developed to forecast the likelihood of BM in patients diagnosed with LS‐SCLC. This tool holds the potential to assist healthcare professionals in formulating more informed and tailored treatment plans.
Environmental complexity mitigates the demographic impact of sexual selection
Authors: Berger David , Liljestrand‐Rönn Johanna 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSexual selection and the evolution of costly mating strategies can negatively impact population viability and adaptive potential. While laboratory studies have documented outcomes stemming from these processes, recent observations suggest that the demographic impact of sexual selection is contingent on the environment and therefore may have been overestimated in simple laboratory settings. Here we find support for this claim. We exposed copies of beetle populations, previously evolved with or without sexual selection, to a 10‐generation heatwave while maintaining half of them in a simple environment and the other half in a complex environment. Populations with an evolutionary history of sexual selection maintained larger sizes and more stable growth rates in complex (relative to simple) environments, an effect not seen in populations evolved without sexual selection. These results have implications for evolutionary forecasting and suggest that the negative demographic impact of sexually selected mating strategies might be low in natural populations.
Interannual variation in survival of wild Atlantic salmon smolts through a dynamic estuarine habitat
Authors: Barry J. , Fitzgerald C. , Callaghan J. O. , Kennedy R. , Rosell R. , Roche W. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMigration timing is critical for diadromous fish, especially for survival. Migration through fresh water and estuarine transitional waterbodies may be an important early life survival bottleneck through potential exposure to anthropogenic pressures and predators. Monitoring smolt movement and survival through riverine and estuarine habitats is important for identifying causes of smolt mortality and the potential for directing focused, mitigating management actions. Acoustic telemetry was used to track 186 Atlantic salmon smolts during migration from the river Boyne to the Irish Sea on the east coast of Ireland during 2019–2021. Migration success from release to sea entry that ranged from 47% to 81% was linked to biotic (predation) and abiotic effects (water flow and water temperature). Predation was associated with interannual variation in smolt survival, with 5.4% of smolts consumed by marine mammals and 26.3% lost to unknown fates. Our findings contribute to the understanding of predation on smolts and also how water temperature, flow and tidal phase can influence this critical life stage of Atlantic Salmon, a species in decline across its range.
Sources of nitrous oxide emissions from agriculturally managed peatlands
Authors: Wang Yuqiao , Calanca Pierluigi , Leifeld Jens 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe draining and fertilization of peatlands for agriculture is globally an important source of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O). Hitherto, the contribution of major sources to the N2O emission—that is, fertilization and nitrogen (N) release from peat decomposition—has not yet been deciphered. This hampers the development of smart mitigation strategies, considering that rewetting to halt peat decomposition and reducing N fertilization are promising N2O emission‐reduction strategies. Here, we used machine learning techniques and global N2O observational data to generalize the distribution of N2O emissions from agriculturally managed peatlands, to distinguish the sources of N2O emissions, and to compare mitigation options. N2O emissions from agriculturally managed croplands were 401.0 (344.5–470.9) kt N year−1, with 121.6 (88.6–163.3) kt N year−1 contributed by fertilizer N. On grasslands, 64.0 (54.6–74.7) kt N2O‐N year−1 were emitted, with 4.6 (3.7–5.7) kt N2O‐N year−1 stemming from fertilizer N. The fertilizer‐induced N2O emission factor ranged from 1.5% to 3.2%. Reducing the current fertilizer input by 20% could achieve a 10% N2O emission reduction for croplands but only 3% for grasslands. Rewetting 1.9 Mha cropland and 0.26 Mha grassland would achieve the same N2O emission reductions. Our results suggest that N2O mitigation strategies for managed peatlands should be considered separately across land‐use types and climatic zones. For croplands, particularly in the tropics, relevant N2O mitigation potentials are achievable through both fertilizer N reduction and peatland rewetting. For grasslands, management schemes to halt peat degradation (e.g. rewetting) should be considered preferentially for mitigating N2O and contributing to meeting climate goals.
Morphological and structural evaluation of spark plasma sintered calcium silicate ceramics
Authors: Kaou Maroua H. , Furkó Mónika , Rachid Ben Zine H. , Balázsi Katalin , Balázsi Csaba 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCalcium silicate ceramics were successfully prepared at various temperatures by spark plasma sintering technique (SPS) using two different compositions, and their morphological and structural characteristics were thoroughly analyzed and compared by scanning electron microscope, X‐ray diffraction, and apparent density measurements. The effect of the sintering method and temperature on microstructural properties has also been studied. The sintered samples prepared by SPS through a heat input of 800°C showed the highest densification as results 800°C was suggested as optimum sintering temperature. Different phases presented in pseudo‐wollastonite, wollastonite, and triclinic Ca3(SiO4)O have been observed in the case of 50C50C with lowest porosity and highest density 2.6 g/cm3, whereas the composition 10C90S resulted in a fully amorphous material presented in granular microstructure with density of 1.7 g/cm3.
Material design using calculation phase diagram for refractory high‐entropy ceramic matrix composites
Authors: Arai Yutaro , Saito Manami , Samizo Akane , Inoue Ryo , Nishio Keishi , Kogo Yasuo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTo achieve Si‐free refractory ceramic matrix composites exposed to an oxidizing atmosphere at approximately 2000°C, a Ti–Zr–Mo ternary alloy melt‐infiltration (MI) method was developed for the production of carbon fiber‐reinforced refractory high‐entropy ceramic matrix composites (C/RHECs), with high‐entropy carbides serving as the matrix. This approach was designed using calculation phase diagrams (CALPHADs) and the calculation of thermodynamic parameters. The combination of CALPHAD and the calculation of alloy and carbon reactivity enabled the prediction of reaction and infiltration behavior into a preform comprising carbon fiber, carbon black, and transition metal carbide powders. Furthermore, C/RHECs featuring a (Ti, Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta, Nb, Mo)C matrix were experimentally fabricated through the Ti–Zr–Mo alloy MI method in accordance with the design. The arc‐wind tunnel tests on the C/RHECs conducted at approximately 2000°C revealed surfaces covered with complex oxides. The apparent oxidation rate of the C/RHECs was similar to that of Si‐containing ceramics and composites. These results indicate that complex oxides act as a barrier to oxygen diffusion toward unoxidized regions, making Si no longer essential for protecting materials from oxidation above 2000°C.
The role of emotions in food consumption choice: Systematic review and directions for future studies
Authors: Khoshghadam Leila , Rajabi Reza 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMarketing researchers have extensively studied the causal influence of emotional state on food consumption. The present study offers a comprehensive systematic review of 111 articles related to the effect of emotions on unhealthy consumption over the past three decades—from 1993 to 2023. Applying the bibliometric coupling method identifies four main research themes in the marketing discipline: emotional eating: food as a coping mechanism, emotional eating: food as a reward, emotional eating: emotion as a multidimensional structure, and emotional eating: moderating effects of food sensory cues. Theoretical richness within each cluster is presented. In addition, the findings indicate that the marketing discipline has mainly relied on the proximate reasoning approach—explaining the causation and development of consumers' behavior—to describe the association between emotional state and food consumption choices. To broaden the scope of each research theme, we adopt the ultimate approach—explaining why a behavior exists—and focus on why unhealthy food consumption becomes a pattern of behavior. This study concludes by discussing the findings and offering several avenues for future research.
Oral habits, sociopsychological orthodontic needs, and sociodemographic factors perceived by caregivers impact oral health‐related quality of life in children with and without autism?
Authors: da Silva Gustavo Correia Basto , Firmino Ramon Targino , Nóbrega Waleska Fernanda Souto , d'Ávila Sérgio 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundCaregivers play a crucial role in assessing the oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) of young individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).AimThis study assessed the impact of sociodemographic and oral conditions on OHRQoL and family dynamics in young individuals with and without autism, as perceived by guardians.DesignThis comparative cross‐sectional study included young individuals aged 6 to 14 years and their guardians. Data were collected at a specialized institution and dental schools. Guardians completed the Parental‐Caregiver Perceptions Questionnaire (P‐CPQ), Family Impact Scale (FIS), and sociodemographic and oral habits questionnaires. The sociopsychological need for orthodontic treatment was assessed using the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN).ResultsThe sample included 144 youths and caregivers. The ASD group had higher P‐CPQ and FIS scores. Factors associated with poorer perceived OHRQoL included higher youth age, lower caregiver education, higher IOTN scores, teeth clenching (RR = 1.20; 95% CI: 1.01–1.41), and lip sucking. Lower parental education (RR = 1.75; 95% CI: 1.10–2.80) and higher IOTN scores from the caregiver's perspective impacted family dynamics.ConclusionCaregivers of young individuals with ASD perceived a lower OHRQoL, and families in this group were more affected by sociodemographic and oral conditions.
Effect of planned school breaks on student absenteeism due to influenza‐like illness in school aged children—Oregon School District, Wisconsin September 2014–June 2019
Authors: He Cecilia , Norton Derek , Temte Jonathan L. , Barlow Shari , Goss Maureen , Temte Emily , Bell Cristalyne , Chen Guanhua , Uzicanin Amra 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundSchool‐aged children and school reopening dates have important roles in community influenza transmission. Although many studies evaluated the impact of reactive closures during seasonal and pandemic influenza outbreaks on medically attended influenza in surrounding communities, few assess the impact of planned breaks (i.e., school holidays) that coincide with influenza seasons, while accounting for differences in seasonal peak timing. Here, we analyze the effects of winter and spring breaks on influenza risk in school‐aged children, measured by student absenteeism due to influenza‐like illness (a‐ILI).MethodsWe compared a‐ILI counts in the 2‐week periods before and after each winter and spring break over five consecutive years in a single school district. We introduced a “pseudo‐break” of 9 days' duration between winter and spring break each year when school was still in session to serve as a control. The same analysis was applied to each pseudo‐break to support any findings of true impact.ResultsWe found strong associations between winter and spring breaks and a reduction in influenza risk, with a nearly 50% reduction in a‐ILI counts post‐break compared with the period before break, and the greatest impact when break coincided with increased local influenza activity while accounting for possible temporal and community risk confounders.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that brief breaks of in‐person schooling, such as planned breaks lasting 9–16 calendar days, can effectively reduce influenza in schools and community spread. Additional analyses investigating the impact of well‐timed shorter breaks on a‐ILI may determine an optimal duration for brief school closures to effectively suppress community transmission of influenza.
The influence of minimally invasive esophagectomy on wound infection in patients undergoing esophageal cancer surgery: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Guo Dongming , Liao Fei , Yang Lin , Liu Bowei , Chen Longqi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe impacts of minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) in comparison with open esophagectomy (OE) on postoperative complications, wound infections and hospital length of stay in patients with esophageal carcinoma (ESCA) using meta‐analysis to provide reliable evidence for clinical practice. A search strategy was developed and computer searches were performed on Embase, Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Wanfang, China Biomedical Literature Database and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases for clinical studies that reported the effects of MIE in comparison with OE in patients with ESCA. The retrieval time was from their inception to October 2023. Two authors independently performed literature screening, and data extraction and literature quality evaluation were performed separately for the included studies. Meta‐analysis was performed using Stata 17.0 software. Overall, 26 studies with 2427 ESCA patients were included in this study, of which 1203 were in the MIE group and 1224 were in the OE group. The results showed that, compared with OE, ESCA patients who underwent MIE were less likely to develop postoperative wound infections (odds ratio [OR] = 0.31, 95% confidence intervals [CIs]: 0.20–0.49, p < 0.001) and complications (OR = 0.23, 95% CI: 0.18–0.30, p < 0.001) and have a shorter hospital stay (standardized mean difference = −1.93, 95% CI: −2.38 to −1.48, p < 0.001). MIE has advantages over OE in terms of shorter hospital stay and reduced incidence of postoperative wound infections and complications.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of a smartphone‐based educational intervention on the outcomes of children's burns: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Bagheri Toolaroud Parissa , Nabovati Ehsan , Akbari Hossein , Tamimi Pegah , Mobayen Mohammadreza , Rangraz Jeddi Fatemeh 
Published: January 2024

AbstractChildren's burns are a major public health concern due to their long‐term physical, psychological, and social impacts, as well as their high financial burden. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a smartphone‐based educational program on outcomes of children with severe burns. This study was designed as a double‐blinded, randomized controlled trial (RCT) to test the effectiveness of a developed mobile application. A total of 93 participants were included in the final analysis. The participants were randomly assigned to either the intervention or control groups. Participants in both groups received usual self‐care training at discharge, but those in the intervention group used an Android‐based application for 2 months. The primary goal of the burn application was scar recovery, and the secondary goals were to increase child caregivers' satisfaction rate and decrease unplanned hospital readmissions. Data collection was conducted using valid and reliable questionnaires. Data were analysed using SPSS software. The study showed that the mobile application significantly affected the frequency of patient visits to the burn clinic and the satisfaction of caregivers of children with burns with the treatment process (p‐value <0.05). Also, there was a significant relationship between the duration of application use and wound healing status ((p‐value <0.001). These findings suggest that smartphone‐based educational programs can be valuable for optimizing care for children with severe burns. Further research is warranted to explore the long‐term impact of this intervention and its potential application in different healthcare settings.
Tall fescue tiller survival over summer in a subtropical environment: The role of the size and depth of root systems
Authors: Jáuregui J. M. , Michelini D. F. , Sevilla G. H. , Berhongaray G. , Berone G. D. , Baudracco J. , Chilibroste P. , Agnusdei M. G. , Lattanzi F. A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPasture persistence is a key determinant of the economic and environmental performance of pastoral animal production systems. Large and deep root systems that help resist summer water stress have been proposed as a relevant trait for vegetative persistence of perennial temperate forage species growing in subtropical climates or under future climatically challenging scenarios. In a previous study [Jauregui et al., 2017. Persistence of tall fescue in a subtropical environment: Tiller survival over summer in response to flowering control and nitrogen supply. Grass and Forage Science 72, 454–466] we have shown that nitrogen fertilization and grazing management aimed at ‘control flowering’ increased the survival of tall fescue tillers during harsh summers in Uruguay (lat. 32°S). Here we assessed: (i) to what extent tiller survival is mediated by root system size in spring and (ii) what consequences tiller survival entails for root mass, depth and morphology the following autumn. In two field experiments, significant increases in tiller survival in response to nitrogen fertilization and grazing management (+60% and +80% in 2011/12 and 2012/13, respectively) were not related to concomitant effects on the size or depth of the root system in spring (p > .10). Even when six‐fold within‐treatment variation in root mass was observed, within‐treatment variation in summer tiller survival was little affected (<15%, p = .08). In turn, differences in tiller survival over summer affected little root system characteristics the following autumn. Therefore, we found scant support for the hypothesis that large and deep root systems contribute to survival of tall fescue tillers in this subtropical humid climate. Except for soils with less than 30 mm of plant available water holding capacity, summer water deficits did not induce severe tiller mortality in tall fescue in this climate.
Enhanced thermal shock resistance of low‐carbon Al2O3‐C refractories via CNTs/MgAl2O4 whiskers composite reinforcement
Authors: Feng Chunzhuo , Xiao Guoqing , Ding Donghai , Lei Changkun , Lv Lihua , Chong Xiaochuan , Feng Yuan , Zou Chao 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe CNTs/MgAl2O4 whiskers composite reinforcement was prepared by catalytic carbon‐bed sintering and added to low‐carbon Al2O3‐C refractories to enhance the thermal shock resistance of refractories. The effects of Ni(NO3)2·6H2O content on the phase and microstructure of CNTs/MgAl2O4 were investigated. The nano‐indentation technology was used to quantitatively evaluate the effect of CNTs/MgAl2O4 on the thermal shock resistance of low‐carbon Al2O3‐C refractories, and the toughening mechanism of CNTs/MgAl2O4 on refractories was further investigated. The results revealed that the inner and outer diameters of the CNTs were approximately 5.69 and 16.26 nm, respectively. The CNTs winded around interlocking structural MgAl2O4 whiskers with a high aspect ratio (>100), which was beneficial to the dispersion of CNTs in the refractory matrix. The thermal shock resistance of low‐carbon Al2O3‐C refractories was significantly improved by adding 3.0 wt.% of CNTs/MgAl2O4 (named C3). The specific fracture energy of refractory matrix and residual strength ratio of C3 reached 141 N·m−1 and 39.2%, which were 29.4% and 97.0% higher than those of the blank sample (109 N·m−1 and 19.9%), respectively. This is because the refractory matrix was significantly reinforced by CNTs and MgAl2O4 whiskers, promoting the occurrence of “bridging” and “crack deflection” and the generation of microcracks in the refractory matrix.