bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leadership and governance of mental healthcare and integration at the community level: a mixed methods study in Ghana
Authors: Yaro Peter Badimak , Asampong Emmanuel , Tabong Philip Teg-Nefaah , Thornicroft Graham , Tindana Paulina 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLeadership and governance are key components of health systems, nevertheless research into leadership and governance of mental healthcare at the community level is probably the least well researched and understood part of these systems. As part of assessing the integration of mental health in Primary Health Care in Ghana, the leadership and governance organisation and structures to ensure oversight and coordination were examined. A concurrent mixed-methods design involving both quantitative and qualitative research methods approach was adopted. The quantitative data were collected through a questionnaire, which was either self-administered or interviewer administered, on 1010 respondents with 830 completed (response rate 82%). Key informant interviews and focus group discussions were used to collect the qualitative data. Thematic content analysis with the use of NVivo 12 was applied for the qualitative field data and Stata SE16 was used for quantitative data. Data triangulation strategy was used to report the qualitative and quantitative results. The study showed that leadership and governance of mental health at the PHC level were lowly developed due to the modest level of awareness of the Mental Health Law, inadequate functioning of mental health units and coordination, low level of private sector participation in mental health care services, and low levels of provision of monitoring, supervision, and evaluation. This affected the integration of mental health at the PHC level, which was also gauged as low. The study concludes that despite the presence of legislation and policy aiming to achieve decentralised and integrated mental health services at the PHC level, mental health care is still a low-level priority within the health care system in Ghana and tends to operate within a silo. The study recommends that more practical and concerted leadership of mental health at the regional and district levels is required to drive decentralisation and integration at these levels.
Neurocognitive Impairment in Ugandan Children with Sickle Cell Anemia Compared to Sibling Controls: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Bangirana Paul , Boehme Amelia K. , Birabwa Annet , Opoka Robert O. , Munube Deogratias , Mupere Ezekiel , Kasirye Phillip , Muwanguzi Grace , Musiimenta Maxencia , Ru George , Green Nancy S. , Idro Richard 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionNeurocognitive function in Ugandan children aged 1-12 years with sickle cell anemia (SCA) were compared to their non-SCA siblings to identify risk factors for disease-associated impairment.MethodsThis cross-sectional neurocognitive function study of children with SCA (N=242) and non-SCA siblings (N=127) used age- and linguistically-appropriate standardized tests of cognition, executive function and attention for children ages 1-4 and 5-12 years. Test scores were converted to locally derived age-normalized z-scores. The SCA group underwent standardized stroke examination for prior stroke and transcranial doppler ultrasound (TCD) to determine stroke risk by arterial flow velocity.ResultsThe SCA group was younger than siblings (mean ages 5.46±3.0 versus 7.11±3.51 years, respectively; p <.001), with lower hemoglobin concentration (7.32±1.02 vs. 12.06±1.42, p <.001). Overall cognitive SCA z-scores were lower: -0.73 ±0.98 vs. siblings -0.25 ±1.12 (p<.001), with comparable findings for executive function of -1.09±0.94 versus -0.84±1.26 (p=0.045), respectively. Attention z-scores for ages 5-12 for the SCA group and controls were similar: -0.37±1.4 vs. -0.11±0.17 (p=.09). Overall differences by SCA status were largely driven by the older age group, as z-scores in the younger sub-sample did not differ from controls. Analyses revealed the strongest predictors of poor neurocognitive outcomes among the SCA sample to be the disease, age and prior stroke (each p<.001). Impact from anemia and SCA were indistinguishable.DiscussionNeurocognitive testing in children with SCA compared to non-SCA siblings revealed poorer SCA-associated functioning in children older than age 4. Results indicate need for trials assessing impact from disease modification for children with SCA.
Mechanistic basis of the dynamic response of TWIK1 ionic selectivity to pH
Authors: Chatelain Franck C. , Gilbert Nicolas , Bichet Delphine , Jauch Annaïse , Feliciangeli Sylvain , Lesage Florian , Bignucolo Olivier 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAt neutral pH, the TWIK1 channel is highly selective for K+. When exposed to acidification, it becomes permeable to Na+. This change occurs within minutes and is reversible. By combining pKa calculations, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, mutagenesis and electrophysiology, we identified a network of residues involved in this unique property. MD simulations captured crucial features associated with channel gating and previously observed by cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) at pH7.4 and pH5, such as the pH-dependent orientation of the lateral side chain of the proton sensor His122 and the elongation of the entire pore structure upon acidification. Between the closed and open states of TWIK1 observed by cryo-EM, MD simulations show that the channel undergoes additional conformational changes between pH 7.5 to 6 that involves the His122, Glu235, Lys246 and Phe109 residues. A complex network of interactions surrounding the selectivity filter at high pH transforms into a simple set of stronger interactions at low pH. In particular, His122 protonated by acidification moves away from Lys246 and engages in a salt bridge with Glu235. In addition, stacking interactions between Phe109 and His122, which stabilize the selectivity filter in its K+-selective state at high pH, disappear upon acidification. This causes dissociation of the Phe109 aromatic side chain from this network, ultimately leading to the Na+-permeable conformation of the channel.
Genomic tailoring of autogenous poultry vaccines to reduceCampylobacterfrom farm to fork
Authors: Calland Jessica K. , Pesonen Maiju E. , Mehat Jai , Pascoe Ben , Haydon David J. , Lourenco Jose , Mourkas Evangelos , Hitchings Matthew D. , La Ragione Roberto M. , Hammond Philip , Wallis Timothy S. , Corander Jukka , Sheppard Samuel K. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCampylobacteris a leading cause of food-borne gastroenteritis worldwide, linked to the consumption of contaminated poultry meat. Targeting this pathogen at source, vaccines for poultry can provide short term caecal reductions inCampylobacternumbers in the chicken intestine. However, this approach is unlikely to reduceCampylobacterin the food chain or human incidence. This is likely as vaccines typically target only a subset of the high strain diversity circulating among chicken flocks and rapid evolution diminishes vaccine efficacy over time. To address this, we used a genomic approach to develop a whole-cell autogenous vaccine targeting isolates harbouring genes linked to survival outside of the host. We hyper-immunised a whole major UK breeder farm to passively target offspring colonisation using maternally-derived antibody. Monitoring progeny, broiler flocks revealed a near-complete shift in the post-vaccinationCampylobacterpopulation with a ∼50% reduction in isolates harbouring extra-intestinal survival genes and a significant reduction ofCampylobactercells surviving on the surface of meat. Based on these findings, we developed a logistic regression model that predicted that vaccine efficacy could be extended to target 46% of a population of clinically relevant strains. Immuno-manipulation of poultry microbiomes towards less harmful commensal isolates by competitive exclusion, has major potential for reducing pathogens in the food production chain.
StaphylococcalsRNA IsrR down-regulates methylthiotransferase MiaB under iron-deficient conditions
Authors: Barrault Maxime , Leclair Elise , Kumeko Etornam Kofi , Jacquet Eric , Bouloc Philippe 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACTStaphylococcus aureusis a major contributor to bacterial-associated mortality, owing to its exceptional adaptability across diverse environments. Iron is vital to most organisms but can be toxic in excess. To manage its intracellular iron,S. aureus, like many pathogens, employs intricate systems. We have recently identified IsrR as a key regulatory RNA induced during iron starvation. Its role is to reduce the synthesis of non-essential iron-containing proteins under iron-depleted conditions. In this study, we unveil IsrR’s regulatory action on MiaB, an enzyme responsible for methylthio group addition to specific sites on transfer RNAs (tRNAs). We use predictive tools and reporter fusion assays to demonstrate IsrR’s binding to the Shine-Dalgarno sequence ofmiaBRNA, thereby impeding its translation. The effectiveness of IsrR hinges on the integrity of a specific C-rich region. As MiaB is non-essential and has iron-sulfur clusters, IsrR induction spares iron by downregulatingmiaB. This may improveS. aureusfitness and aid in navigating the host’s nutritional immune defenses.IMPORTANCEIn many biotopes, including those found within an infected host, bacteria confront the challenge of iron deficiency. They employ various strategies to adapt to this scarcity of nutrients, one of which involves regulating iron-containing proteins through the action of small regulatory RNAs. Our study shows how IsrR, a small RNA fromS. aureus, prevents the production of MiaB, a tRNA-modifying enzyme containing iron-sulfur clusters. With this illustration, we propose a new substrate for an iron-sparing small RNA, which, when downregulated should reduce the need for iron and save it to essential functions.
PINK1 regulated basal mitophagy is evident in skeletal muscles
Authors: Singh Francois , Wilhelm Lea , Prescott Alan R. , Ostacolo Kevin , Zhao Jin-Feng , Ogmundsdottir Margret H. , Ganley Ian G. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPINK1, mutated in familial forms of Parkinson’s disease, initiates mitophagy following mitochondrial depolarization. However, it is difficult to monitor this pathway physiologically in mice as loss of PINK1 does not alter basal mitophagy levels in most tissues. To further characterize this pathwayin vivo, we usedmito-QC mice in which loss of PINK1 was combined with the mitochondrial-associated POLGD257Amutation. We focused on skeletal muscle as gene expression data indicates that this tissue has the highest PINK1 levels. We found that loss of PINK1 in oxidative hindlimb muscle significantly reduced mitophagy. Of interest, the presence of the POLGD257Amutation, while having a minor effect in most tissues, restored levels of muscle mitophagy caused by the loss of PINK1. Although our observations highlight that multiple mitophagy pathways operate within a single tissue, we identify skeletal muscle as a tissue of choice for the study of PINK1-dependant mitophagy under basal conditions.
Dynamic Responses of Striatal Cholinergic Interneurons Control the Extinction and Updating of Goal-Directed Learning
Authors: Huang Zhenbo , Chen Ruifeng , Ho Matthew , Xie Xueyi , Wang Xuehua , Wang Jun 
Published: November 2023

AbstractStriatal cholinergic interneurons (CINs) regulate behavioral flexibility, but their exact contribution to this process remains elusive. In this study, we report that extinction learning enhances acetylcholine (ACh) release. Mimicking this enhancement by optogenetically inducing CIN burst firing promotes extinction learning. CINs receive excitatory thalamic inputs, and we observed that extinction training augmented thalamic activity. Optogenetically stimulating these thalamic inputs caused CIN burst firing and enhanced ACh release, strengthening extinction learning. Notably, CIN burst firing is usually followed by a pause in firing. We found that disrupting this pause through continuous optogenetic stimulation reversibly impaired the updating of goal-directed behaviors. Furthermore, excessive alcohol consumption reduced thalamus-induced burst-pause firing in CINs and impaired the reversal of goal-directed learning. In summary, thalamic-driven CIN burst firing promotes extinction learning, while the pause is pivotal for reversing goal-directed behavior, a process impacted by excessive alcohol. These findings shed light on how CIN’s dynamic responses affect behavioral flexibility.HighlightsH1.Burstfiring of CINs promotes extinction learningH2. Thalamic-CINexcitationenhances extinction learningH3.Pauseof CIN is critical for the reversal of goal-directed learningH4. Chronic alcohol consumption reduces theburst-pauseofCINsand impairs the reversal of goal-directed learning.
Ancestral variation and its impact on wild house mouse genomes
Authors: Lawal Raman Akinyanju , Dumont Beth L. 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACTAncestral alleles are important contributors to adaptation and disease risk in populations. House mice emerged in and/or around the Indian subcontinent, but the genetic composition of this ancestral population and the extent to which ancestral variants contribute to contemporary global mouse diversity are poorly understood. To address these knowledge gaps, we assessed the origins and demographic patterning of global mouse diversity using a set of 169 wild mouse genome sequences from across the world. This dataset includes 37 mouse genomes from the broadly designated ancestral regions, providing crucial resources needed to evaluate the contributions and the impact of ancestral diversity on the genomic scale. We show that house mice emerged in the Indo-Pakistan region around 700 kya, withM. m. castaneusat the root of theM. musculusspecies. Migration out of the Indo-Pakistan homeland led to the subsequent emergence of theM. m. domesticusandM. m. musculussubspecies ∼360 and 260 kya, respectively. A modest fraction of ancestral alleles have persisted long-term across mouse populations through balancing selection, and we demonstrate that such regions are strongly enriched for genes with immune-related functions. Finally, we find widespread allele-sharing acrossMus musculuslineages and show that this trend is largely due to incomplete lineage sorting, an interpretation contrary to some recent claims of pervasive subspecies introgression. Together, our work underscores the contributions of ancestral variants to contemporary house mouse diversity and adaptation, and refines our understanding of the natural evolutionary history of this important model species.
A comparison of four self-controlled study designs in an analysis of COVID-19 vaccines and Myocarditis using Five European Databases
Authors: Schultze Anna , Martin Ivonne , Messina Davide , Bots Sophie , Belitser Svetlana , Carreras-Martínez Juan José , Correcher-Martinez Elisa , Urchueguía-Fornes Arantxa , Martín-Pérez Mar , García-Poza Patricia , Villalobos Felipe , Pallejà-Millán Meritxell , Bissacco Carlo Alberto , Segundo Elena , Souverein Patrick , Riefolo Fabio , Durán Carlos E. , Gini Rosa , Sturkenboom Miriam , Klungel Olaf , Douglas Ian 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of this study was to assess the possible extent of bias due to violation of a core assumption (event-dependent exposures) when using self-controlled designs to analyse the association between COVID-19 vaccines and myocarditis.MethodsWe used data from five European databases (Spain: BIFAP, FISABIO VID, and SIDIAP; Italy: ARS-Tuscany; England: CPRD Aurum) converted to the ConcePTION Common Data Model. Individuals who experienced both myocarditis and were vaccinated against COVID-19 between 1 September 2020 and the end of data availability in each country were included. We compared a self-controlled risk interval study (SCRI) using a pre-vaccination control window, an SCRI using a post-vaccination control window, a standard SCCS and an extension of the SCCS designed to handle violations of the assumption of event-dependent exposures.ResultsWe included 1,757 cases of myocarditis. In unadjusted analyses, agreement between study designs varied by vaccine brand. There was good agreement between all designs for AstraZeneca and Pfizer, but for Moderna we found harmful incidence rate ratios (IRR) using the standard and extended SCCS (standard SCCS: IRR = 3.12, 95%CI = 1.53 – 6.40; extended SCCS: IRR = 2.43, 95%CI = 1.11 – 5.33) compared with no association with the SCRIs (SCRI-pre: IRR = 0.60, 95%CI = 0.27 – 1.33; SCRI-post: IRR = 0.86, 95%CI = 0.34 – 2.19), although confidence intervals were wide. There was very good agreement between all designs for the unadjusted second dose analyses, confirming the known harmful association between the second dose of Moderna and Pfizer vaccines and myocarditis.ConclusionsIn the context of the known association between COVID-19 vaccines and myocarditis, we have demonstrated that two forms of SCRI and two forms of SCCS led to largely comparable results, possibly because of limited violation of the assumption of event-dependent exposures.
heyy, how are you doing? – Redefine employees’ outlook towards mental health
Authors: S. Divya , Sahi Mahima 
Published: November 2023

Learning outcomes
The learning outcomes of this case study are to understand the business-to-business (B2B) consumer outlook on mental health care in emerging markets; analyse the challenges faced in creating a need for mental health care in Indian workplaces; explore the business attractiveness of the B2B model and understand the business potential of the B2B segment at heyy,; and contemplate different innovative strategies that could change consumer mindset on mental health care in emerging markets.

Case overview/synopsis
Ankit, the founder and CEO of heyy, was facing a conundrum. “heyy,” was built on normalizing mental well-being at workplaces. His mental health-care app heyy, had crossed 50,000 subscribers within a few months of launch. The mobile app was designed to spread mental health awareness and provide various levels of mental well-being interventions. Business-to-consumer and B2B customer segmentation had been targeted by this start-up. The B2B space consisted of employees working with partner organizations. The adoption rates of employees using the features of heyy, declined after the initial app download. The employees had yet to fully become acclimatized to the features of heyy,. Exploring the business potential and investigating the business attractiveness of the B2B segment were the focus of the present study. Ankit contemplated various strategies he could adopt to increase user adoption of “heyy,” services by employees in his partner organizations. The case study strives to address the question – “What are the risks faced by organizations when entering the mental health-care industry in emerging markets like India, where mental health care is still not openly discussed?”

Complexity academic level
This case study is designed to be taught as part of the “entrepreneurship development” and “strategic management” courses for undergraduates, postgraduates and students of executive programmes in management. Students need to be aware of basic strategic management concepts such as BCG matrix, SWOT analysis and business canvas before working on this case study, so they could dissect the case from multiple perspectives to get a comprehensive outlook on the case.

Supplementary materials
Teaching notes are available for educators only.

Subject code
CSS 11: Strategy.
Psychological impact of COVID-19 on university students in Oman: an examination of stress, resilience and meaning in life
Authors: Chan Moon Fai , Al-Mahrouqi Tamadhir , Al-Huseini Salim , Al-Mukhaini Maryam , Al Shehi Manar , Jahan Firdous , Al-Alawi Mohammed 
Published: November 2023

PurposeThis cross-sectional online survey in Oman in April 2021 aimed to assess university students' resilience, stress levels and meaning during the COVID-19 pandemic and identify characteristic profiles.Design/methodology/approachA cross-sectional survey design was used to collect data from full-time students at one University in Oman. Outcomes included sociodemographic information, the brief resilience scale, the perceived stress scale-4 and the meaning in life questionnaire to explore the students' profiles.FindingsA total of 964 students participated (response rate = 34.8%), of which 35% had low resilience scores. The average perceived stress, presence of meaning in life and search for meaning in life scores were 7.9 ± 2.3, 24.2 ± 6.9 and 24.9 ± 7.7, respectively. Cluster analysis identified three groups: low-risk and fewer impacts (cluster A, n = 503, 523%), moderate-risk and moderate impacts (cluster B, n = 160, 16.6%) and high-risk and more impacts (cluster C, n = 301, 31.2%). Cluster C students experienced more psychological problems and were at high risk during the pandemic.Research limitations/implicationsThe respondents' honesty is a possible error that could influence the results. Low response rates limit its generalizability, and cause-effect relationships among mental health outcomes cannot be discerned.Practical implicationsThis study identified three distinct groups of students, each with different levels of severity in their health problems. There is an increased need for education and counseling to support students during this period, and university management should focus on implementing personal precautionary measures and providing high-tech, user-friendly platforms for students to enhance their learning.Originality/valueThese findings suggest that tailored strategies should be developed to address the unique psychological needs of each group. The study provides important information for university management to understand the pandemic's psychological impact on students and develop effective interventions to support their well-being.
Family involvement and corporate financialization: evidence from China
Authors: Wang Lixia , Gu Yingqian , Liu Wanxin 
Published: November 2023

PurposeUnder the background of continuous sluggishness of the real economy and expansion of asset sectors, the Chinese economy exists a trend of “from the real to the virtual.” Managing the corporate financialization is the key to prevent the real economy “from real to virtual.” The paper explores the influence of family involvement on corporate financialization since family firms are an important proportion of real sectors.Design/methodology/approachBased on Socioemotional Wealth Theory, this paper makes empirical study using the data of Chinese A-share listed companies from 2008 to 2022 to explore the influence of family involvement on corporate financialization, mainly from the perspectives of family engagement, family identity of CEO and family control power.FindingsThese are the findings: (1) Family engagement will inhibit corporate financialization; (2) Compared with employing external managers, family members acting as CEOs will decrease corporate financialization; (3) The proportion of family ownership is negatively correlated with the level of corporate financialization.Originality/valueThe originality of this paper include these: (1) Analyzing the differences in the financialization of real enterprises with different characteristics and attributes; (2) Expanding the research on the internal motivation of the financialization of the real enterprises, and supplementing the research literature on family firms and corporate financialization; (3) Exploring the internal influence mechanism of financialization of family firms under the background of Chinese culture.