bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quadratus lumborum block versus transversus abdominis plane block for inguinal hernia repair: A systematic review and meta‐analysis with trial sequential analysis
Authors: Marcolin Patrícia , Amaral Sara , Motter Sarah Bueno , Brandão Gabriela R , de Oliveira Trindade Bruna , Messer Nir , Poli de Figueiredo Sérgio Mazzola 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntroductionPostoperative pain management is crucial for patient recovery with Quadratus Lumborum Block (QLB) and Transversus Abdominis Plane Block (TAPB) emerging as potential techniques. We aimed to compare the analgesic efficacy of QLB and TAPB in patients undergoing inguinal hernia repair.MethodsWe performed a systematic review of Cochrane, EMBASE, and MEDLINE databases to identify randomized controlled trials comparing QLB and TAPB in patients undergoing inguinal hernia repair. Outcomes included postoperative pain and opioid consumption. Statistical analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4. The review protocol was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42023445513).ResultsWe included five RCTs encompassing 255 patients. QLB was associated with a significant decrease in postoperative pain (MD −0.45; 95% CI −0.75 to −0.14; and p = 0.004; I2 = 94%). However, we found no difference in 24‐h opioid consumption between QLB and TAPB groups.ConclusionQLB may offer superior pain reduction. However, its effect on opioid consumption remains unclear.
Personal AI to Maximize the Value of Personal Data while Defending Human Rights and Democracy
Authors: Hasida Kôiti 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe combination of centralized AIs (CAIs; AIs based on centralized management of personal data (PD)) and the attention economy (AE) has given rise to digital Leninism and surveillance capitalism and spread misinformation and biases, threatening human rights and democracy and impairing value creation by PD. Worse still, it is impossible for humanity to jointly restrict CAIs and AE, because they create winners: surveillance capitalism and digital Leninism may eventually confer upon some companies and countries huge profits and power. Only decentralized management of PD (DMPD) can dissolve this problem. First, personal AIs (PAIs) based on DMPD can displace CAIs by letting service providers employ PAIs instead of CAIs in order to improve their own profits, as PAIs create much larger value than CAIs by fully utilizing a subject’s PD to more deeply and carefully intervene in their lives. Second, the optimal medium of the human-PAI interaction is a graph document (document with explicit semantic structures in the form of diagram or graph), which should facilitate verification and enhance diversity of information. Third, DMPD also enables decentralized governance of PAIs and other services to maximize their added value while well-balancing value distribution among individuals, businesses, and societies.
Europe’s Scaleup Geography and the Role of Access to Talent
Authors: Cséfalvay Zoltán 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAlthough the concept of the ecosystem for entrepreneurs and startups dominates the discourse on promoting innovation, the geographical pattern of cities with startups remains largely uncharted territory. This study’s author first gives an overview of this concept’s roots in regional sciences and then outlines the contours of Europe’s scaleup geography by analyzing data on 12,500 scaleups (startups that raised more than 1 million euros) at the municipal level. Performance is marked by a strong West-East and North-South divide, and most scaleups and funding concentrate in a handful of cities. One may assume some convergence, however, from the upstream of locally available talent, especially in university towns. The study’s author concludes that scaleup ecosystems in Europe have only developed into a self-reinforcing system in a few cities. Although they have become self-sustaining in a multitude of Western and Northern European cities, large cities in Southern Europe and Central and Eastern Europe lag behind, not least because of the weak upstream of university talent.
Pre-TAVI imaging: an Italian survey by the CT PRotocol optimization (CT-PRO) group
Authors: D’Angelo Tommaso , Lanzafame Ludovica R. M. , Liguori Carlo , Mantini Cesare , Russo Vincenzo , Palumbo Pierpaolo , Scalera Giovanni B. , Iozzelli Andrea , Borghesi Andrea , Matta Gildo , Greco Fabio , Garretto Valeria , Danti Massimiliano , Iezzi Roberto , Francone Marco 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this survey was to evaluate the current state-of-art of pre-TAVI imaging in a large radiological professional community.

Methods
Between December 2022 and January 2023 all members of the Italian Society of Medical and Interventional Radiology (SIRM) were invited by the CT PRotocol Optimization group (CT-PRO group) to complete an online 24-item questionnaire about pre-TAVI imaging.

Results
557 SIRM members participated in the survey. The greatest part of respondents were consultant radiologists employed in public hospitals and 84% claimed to routinely perform pre-TAVI imaging at their institutions. The most widespread acquisition protocol consisted of an ECG-gated CT angiography (CTA) scan of the aortic root and heart followed by a non-ECG-synchronized CTA of the thorax, abdomen, and pelvis. Contrast agent administration was generally tailored on the patient’s body weight with a preference for using high concentration contrast media. The reports were commonly written by radiologists with expertise in cardiovascular imaging, and included all the measurements suggested by current guidelines for adequate pre-procedural planning. About 60% of the subjects affirmed that the Heart Team is present at their institutions, however only 7% of the respondents regularly attended the multidisciplinary meetings.

Conclusions
This survey defines the current pre-TAVI imaging practice in a large radiological professional community. Interestingly, despite the majority of radiologists follow the current guidelines regarding acquisition and reporting of pre-TAVI imaging studies, there is still a noteworthy absence from multidisciplinary meetings and from the Heart Team.
E-values for k-Sample Tests with Exponential Families
Authors: Hao Yunda , Grünwald Peter , Lardy Tyron , Long Long , Adams Reuben 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe develop and comparee-variables for testing whetherksamples of data are drawn from the same distribution, the alternative being that they come from different elements of an exponential family. We consider the GRO (growth-rate optimal)e-variables for (1) a ‘small’ null inside the same exponential family, and (2) a ‘large’ nonparametric null, as well as (3) ane-variable arrived at by conditioning on the sum of the sufficient statistics. (2) and (3) are efficiently computable, and extend ideas from Turner et al. (2021) and Wald (1947) respectively from Bernoulli to general exponential families. We provide theoretical and simulation-based comparisons of thesee-variables in terms of their logarithmic growth rate, and find that for small effects all foure-variables behave surprisingly similarly; for the Gaussian location and Poisson families, e-variables (1) and (3) coincide; for Bernoulli, (1) and (2) coincide; but in general, whether (2) or (3) grows faster under the alternative is family-dependent. We furthermore discuss algorithms for numerically approximating (1).
Size-dependent characterization of particles from domestic boilers fuelled with exhausted olive cake and almond shells
Authors: Collado Rocío , Monedero Esperanza , Borjabad Elena , Hernández Juan José 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The general purpose of this work has been the detailed characterization of particles (PM) produced by almond shells and exhausted olive cake (both wastes with a great potential in the Mediterranean region) in a domestic boiler at nominal (55 kW) and partial (24 kW) load. The latter, still little explored, has allowed to evaluate conditions with practical interest in current modular burners. The dominant PM formation mechanisms depending on the particle size have been identified. Non-woody biomass exhibited a unimodal distribution with PM0.1–1 accounting for most of the particles. SEM–EDX analyses revealed irregular and large agglomerates composed mainly by and Na, K and Cl, thus suggesting heterogeneous condensation of alkali chlorides and sulphates as the main formation pathway. Whilst decreasing the load allowed other formation routes to gain importance (homogeneous nucleation) for almond shells, the high alkali content of exhausted olive cake confirmed heterogeneous condensation as the dominant route.
Knowledge transfer based many-objective approach for finding bugs in multi-path loops
Authors: Semujju Stuart D. , Liu Fangqing , Huang Han , Xiang Yi , Yan Xueming , Hao Zhifeng 
Published: January 2024

AbstractGenerating test cases is essential for discovering software bugs. However, finding bugs in multi-path loops is challenging, especially when bugs can only be exposed after a specific interleaving execution order. Furthermore, the number of paths increases exponentially when the iteration count increases. It results in running out of resources (e.g., allocated search budget) in existing algorithms for test case generation before finding program bugs. To overcome these challenges and improve the effectiveness of existing algorithms in finding bugs among multi-path loops, we propose a path-oriented test case generation framework to explore loop paths of bounded depth. To fulfill this task, we first present a method that groups loop paths based on their latent similarities. Then, we formulate the problem of generating test cases to cover loop paths as a many-objective optimization one. The many-objective optimization problem is designed to optimize one group of loop paths at a time. Finally, a many-objective test case generation framework is used to generate test cases for covering loop paths. In this framework, a knowledge transfer scheme is incorporated to reuse suitable archived test cases at the start of the search process for a similar group of paths. We have implemented the proposed knowledge transfer scheme with generalized differential evolution 3 (KT-GDE3) and evaluated it with benchmarks from the competition on software verification (SV-COMP16 and SV-COMP21). The experimental results show that KT-GDE3 outperforms alternative search-based test case generation algorithms in bug finding capability for multi-path loops. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed knowledge transfer scheme, our approach is compared with the variant without this scheme (called KT-GDE3-unarchived) in the benchmarks. The corresponding experimental results verify our assumption that the knowledge transfer scheme can significantly enhance the optimization process of multi-objective algorithms such as generalized differential evolution when finding bugs in multi-path loops.
The Ideology of Brazilian Parties and Presidents: A Research Note on Coalitional Presidentialism Under Stress
Authors: Zucco Cesar , Power Timothy J. 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTThis research note contributes updated and extended point estimates of the ideological positions of Brazilian political parties and novel estimates of the positions of all presidents since redemocratization in 1985. Presidents and parties are jointly responsible for the operability of Brazil’s version of coalitional presidentialism. Locating these key political actors in a unidimensional left–right space over time reveals rising challenges to the institutional matrix, particularly since 2013. Ideological polarization among parties has sharply increased, presidents have become more distant from Congress, and the political center has become increasingly vacated. Coalitional presidentialism is being subjected to unprecedented ideological stress as President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva begins his third term in office.
Scoping article: research frontiers on the governance of the Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Hickmann Thomas , Biermann Frank , Sénit Carole-Anne , Sun Yixian , Bexell Magdalena , Bolton Mitzi , Bornemann Basil , Censoro Jecel , Charles Aurelie , Coy Dominique , Dahlmann Frederik , Elder Mark , Fritzsche Felicitas , Gehre Galvão Thiago , Grainger-Brown Jarrod , Inoue Cristina , Jönsson Kristina , Koloffon Rosas Montserrat , Krellenberg Kerstin , Moallemi Enayat , Lobos Alva Ivonne , Malekpour Shirin , Ningrum Dianty , Paneva Aneliya , Partzsch Lena , Ramiro Rodrigo , Raven Rob , Szedlacsek Eszter , Thompson John , van Driel Melanie , Viani Damasceno Jéssica , Webb Robert , Weiland Sabine 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Non-Technical Summary
This article takes stock of the 2030 Agenda and focuses on five governance areas. In a nutshell, we see a quite patchy and often primarily symbolic uptake of the global goals. Although some studies highlight individual success stories of actors and institutions to implement the goals, it remains unclear how such cases can be upscaled and develop a broader political impact to accelerate the global endeavor to achieve sustainable development. We hence raise concerns about the overall effectiveness of governance by goal-setting and raise the question of how we can make this mode of governance more effective.

Technical Summary
A recent meta-analysis on the political impact of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) has shown that these global goals are moving political processes forward only incrementally, with much variation across countries, sectors, and governance levels. Consequently, the realization of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development remains uncertain. Against this backdrop, this article explores where and how incremental political changes are taking place due to the SDGs, and under what conditions these developments can bolster sustainability transformations up to 2030 and beyond. Our scoping review builds upon an online expert survey directed at the scholarly community of the ‘Earth System Governance Project’ and structured dialogues within the ‘Taskforce on the SDGs’ under this project. We identified five governance areas where some effects of the SDGs have been observable: (1) global governance, (2) national policy integration, (3) subnational initiatives, (4) private governance, and (5) education and learning for sustainable development. This article delves deeper into these governance areas and draws lessons to guide empirical research on the promises and pitfalls of accelerating SDG implementation.

Social Media Summary
As SDG implementation lags behind, this article explores 5 governance areas asking how to strengthen the global goals.
Ferroptosis: Emerging mechanisms, biological function, and therapeutic potential in cancer and inflammation
Authors: Jin Xin , Tang Jiuren , Qiu Xiangyu , Nie Xiaoya , Ou Shengming , Wu Geyan , Zhang Rongxin , Zhu Jinrong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractFerroptosis represents a distinct form of programmed cell death triggered by excessive iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation-induced damage. This mode of cell death differentiates from classical programmed cell death in terms of morphology and biochemistry. Ferroptosis stands out for its exceptional biological characteristics and has garnered extensive research and conversations as a form of programmed cell death. Its dysfunctional activation is closely linked to the onset of diseases, particularly inflammation and cancer, making ferroptosis a promising avenue for combating these conditions. As such, exploring ferroptosis may offer innovative approaches to treating cancer and inflammatory diseases. Our review provides insights into the relevant regulatory mechanisms of ferroptosis, examining the impact of ferroptosis-related factors from both physiological and pathological perspectives. Describing the crosstalk between ferroptosis and tumor- and inflammation-associated signaling pathways and the potential of ferroptosis inducers in overcoming drug-resistant cancers are discussed, aiming to inform further novel therapeutic directions for ferroptosis in relation to inflammatory and cancer diseases.
The principles of natural climate solutions
Authors: Ellis Peter Woods , Page Aaron Marr , Wood Stephen , Fargione Joseph , Masuda Yuta J. , Carrasco Denney Vanessa , Moore Campbell , Kroeger Timm , Griscom Bronson , Sanderman Jonathan , Atleo Tyson , Cortez Rane , Leavitt Sara , Cook-Patton Susan C. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractNatural climate solutions can mitigate climate change in the near-term, during a climate-critical window. Yet, persistent misunderstandings about what constitutes a natural climate solution generate unnecessary confusion and controversy, thereby delaying critical mitigation action. Based on a review of scientific literature and best practices, we distill five foundational principles of natural climate solutions (nature-based, sustainable, climate-additional, measurable, and equitable) and fifteen operational principles for practical implementation. By adhering to these principles, practitioners can activate effective and durable natural climate solutions, enabling the rapid and wide-scale adoption necessary to meaningfully contribute to climate change mitigation.
Ultrafast and persistent photoinduced phase transition at room temperature monitored by streaming powder diffraction
Authors: Hervé Marius , Privault Gaël , Trzop Elzbieta , Akagi Shintaro , Watier Yves , Zerdane Serhane , Chaban Ievgeniia , Torres Ramírez Ricardo G. , Mariette Celine , Volte Alix , Cammarata Marco , Levantino Matteo , Tokoro Hiroko , Ohkoshi Shin-ichi , Collet Eric 
Published: January 2024

AbstractUltrafast photoinduced phase transitions at room temperature, driven by a single laser shot and persisting long after stimuli, represent emerging routes for ultrafast control over materials’ properties. Time-resolved studies provide fundamental mechanistic insight into far-from-equilibrium electronic and structural dynamics. Here we study the photoinduced phase transformation of the Rb0.94Mn0.94Co0.06[Fe(CN)6]0.98 material, designed to exhibit a 75 K wide thermal hysteresis around room temperature between MnIIIFeII tetragonal and MnIIFeIII cubic phases. We developed a specific powder sample streaming technique to monitor by ultrafast X-ray diffraction the structural and symmetry changes. We show that the photoinduced polarons expand the lattice, while the tetragonal-to-cubic photoinduced phase transition occurs within 100 ps above threshold fluence. These results are rationalized within the framework of the Landau theory of phase transition as an elastically-driven and cooperative process. We foresee broad applications of the streaming powder technique to study non-reversible and ultrafast dynamics.
EUV-induced hydrogen desorption as a step towards large-scale silicon quantum device patterning
Authors: Constantinou Procopios , Stock Taylor J. Z. , Tseng Li-Ting , Kazazis Dimitrios , Muntwiler Matthias , Vaz Carlos A. F. , Ekinci Yasin , Aeppli Gabriel , Curson Neil J. , Schofield Steven R. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAtomically precise hydrogen desorption lithography using scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) has enabled the development of single-atom, quantum-electronic devices on a laboratory scale. Scaling up this technology to mass-produce these devices requires bridging the gap between the precision of STM and the processes used in next-generation semiconductor manufacturing. Here, we demonstrate the ability to remove hydrogen from a monohydride Si(001):H surface using extreme ultraviolet (EUV) light. We quantify the desorption characteristics using various techniques, including STM, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and photoemission electron microscopy (XPEEM). Our results show that desorption is induced by secondary electrons from valence band excitations, consistent with an exactly solvable non-linear differential equation and compatible with the current 13.5 nm (~92 eV) EUV standard for photolithography; the data imply useful exposure times of order minutes for the 300 W sources characteristic of EUV infrastructure. This is an important step towards the EUV patterning of silicon surfaces without traditional resists, by offering the possibility for parallel processing in the fabrication of classical and quantum devices through deterministic doping.
Sublimed C60 for efficient and repeatable perovskite-based solar cells
Authors: Said Ahmed A. , Aydin Erkan , Ugur Esma , Xu Zhaojian , Deger Caner , Vishal Badri , Vlk Aleš , Dally Pia , Yildirim Bumin K. , Azmi Randi , Liu Jiang , Jackson Edward A. , Johnson Holly M. , Gui Manting , Richter Henning , Pininti Anil R. , Bristow Helen , Babics Maxime , Razzaq Arsalan , Mandal Suman , Allen Thomas G. , Anthopoulos Thomas D. , Ledinský Martin , Yavuz Ilhan , Rand Barry P. , De Wolf Stefaan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Thermally evaporated C60 is a near-ubiquitous electron transport layer in state-of-the-art p–i–n perovskite-based solar cells. As perovskite photovoltaic technologies are moving toward industrialization, batch-to-batch reproducibility of device performances becomes crucial. Here, we show that commercial as-received (99.75% pure) C60 source materials may coalesce during repeated thermal evaporation processes, jeopardizing such reproducibility. We find that the coalescence is due to oxygen present in the initial source powder and leads to the formation of deep states within the perovskite bandgap, resulting in a systematic decrease in solar cell performance. However, further purification (through sublimation) of the C60 to 99.95% before evaporation is found to hinder coalescence, with the associated solar cell performances being fully reproducible after repeated processing. We verify the universality of this behavior on perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells by demonstrating their open-circuit voltages and fill factors to remain at 1950 mV and 81% respectively, over eight repeated processes using the same sublimed C60 source material. Notably, one of these cells achieved a certified power conversion efficiency of 30.9%. These findings provide insights crucial for the advancement of perovskite photovoltaic technologies towards scaled production with high process yield.
Recent intensified erosion and massive sediment deposition in Tibetan Plateau rivers
Authors: Li Jinlong , Wang Genxu , Song Chunlin , Sun Shouqin , Ma Jiapei , Wang Ying , Guo Linmao , Li Dongfeng 
Published: January 2024

AbstractRecent climate change has caused an increase in warming-driven erosion and sediment transport processes on the Tibetan Plateau (TP). Yet a lack of measurements hinders our understanding of basin-scale sediment dynamics and associated spatiotemporal changes. Here, using satellite-based estimates of suspended sediment, we reconstruct the quantitative history and patterns of erosion and sediment transport in major headwater basins from 1986 to 2021. Out of 13 warming-affected headwater regions, 63% of the rivers have experienced significant increases in sediment flux. Despite such intensified erosion, we find that 30% of the total suspended sediment flux has been temporarily deposited within rivers. Our findings reveal a pronounced spatiotemporal heterogeneity within and across basins. The recurrent fluctuations in erosion-deposition patterns within river channels not only result in the underestimation of erosion magnitude but also drive continuous transformations in valley morphology, thereby endangering local ecosystems, landscape stability, and infrastructure project safety.