bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intent to stay, moral distress, and nurse practice environment among long‐term care nurses: A cross‐sectional questionnaire survey study
Authors: Tan Amil Kusain , Capezuti Elizabeth , Samuels William Ellery , Backhaus Ramona , Wagner Laura M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundMany long‐term care facilities in the United States face significant problems with nurse retention and turnover. These challenges are attributed, at least in part, to moral distress and a negative nurse practice environment.ObjectiveThe purpose of the study was divided into two parts: first, to investigate the relationships among nurse practice environment, moral distress, and intent to stay; second, to explore the potential mediating effect of the nurse practice environment on the intent to stay among those with high levels of moral distress.DesignThis study was a descriptive, cross‐sectional survey using targeted sampling.ParticipantsA total of 215 participants completed the surveys. Participants were nationally representative of long‐term care nurses by age, years of experience, employment status, and type of health setting.MethodsThis study was an online national survey of long‐term care nurses' perceptions of their intent to stay, moral distress level (Moral Distress Questionnaire), and nurse practice environment (Direct Care Staff Survey). Structural equation modeling analysis explored intent to stay, moral distress, and the nurse practice environment among long‐term care nurses.ResultsThe mean moral distress score was low, while the mean nurse practice environment and intent to stay scores were high. Moral distress had a significant, moderately negative association with the nurse practice environment (β = −0.41), while the nurse practice environment had a significant, moderately positive association with intent to stay (β = 0.46). The moral distress had a significant, moderately negative association with intent to stay (β = −0.20). The computed structural equation modeling suggested a partially mediated model (indirect effect = −0.19, p = 0.001).ConclusionSince the nurse practice environment partially mediates the relationship between moral distress and intent to stay, interventions to improve the nurse practice environment are crucial to alleviating moral distress and enhancing nurses' intent to stay in their jobs, organizations, and the nursing profession.Clinical Relevance

Our study demonstrated that the nurse practice environment mediates moral distress and intent to stay.

Interventions to improve the nurse practice environment are crucial to alleviating moral distress and enhancing nurses' intent to stay in their jobs, organizations, and the nursing profession.
Comparing quality of life, anxiety, depression, sleep disturbance, and associated factors in vitiligo and alopecia areata patients
Authors: Ghalamkarpour Fariba , Araghi Farnaz , Tabari Mohammadreza , Moslemi Haghighi Shima , Pourgholi Elnaz 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntroduction and ObjectivesVitiligo and alopecia areata (AA) are two autoimmune skin diseases that affect patients' quality of life (QoL) and give rise to psychosocial complications, such as depression, negative self‐image, less joyful social engagements, and low self‐esteem. These two disorders have common and uncommon characteristics. Therefore, in this study, we tried to evaluate the similarities and differences in the psychological parameters including quality of life, sleep disturbance, anxiety, and depression levels between, vitiligo and AA patients.Materials and MethodsPatients with either vitiligo or AA visiting the outpatient dermatology clinic from November 2017 to December 2020 have been included in this study. Persian versions of three questionnaires including the dermatology life quality index (DLQI), hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS), and Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), have been used to assess the QoL, sleep disturbance, anxiety, and depression levels in patients.ResultsIn total, 188 patients, including 94 (50%) cases of AA and 94 (50%) patients with vitiligo, met the criteria. In AA patients, a significantly higher DLQI score was found (p‐value = 0.002) compared to the vitiligo cases, which means a better QoL in vitiligo patients. Additionally, AA patients had higher scores of anxiety (P‐value<0.001) and depression (p‐Value<0.001). However, sleep disturbance (64.9% of AA patients vs. 59.3% of vitiligo patients; p‐Value = 0.4888) was not significantly different between the two groups.ConclusionsOur data showed lower QoL and higher levels of anxiety and depression in AA patients compared to vitiligo cases, but no difference was seen in sleep disturbance in the PSQI‐P score.
Sex differences in development of functional connections in the face processing network
Authors: Nowling Duncan , Crum Kathleen I. , Joseph Jane 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackground and PurposeUnderstanding sex differences in typical development of the face processing network is important for elucidating disruptions during atypical development in sex‐linked developmental disorders like autism spectrum disorder. Based on prior sex difference studies in other cognitive domains, this study examined whether females show increased integration of core and extended face regions with age for face viewing, while males would show increased segregation.MethodsThis study used a cross‐sectional design with typically developing children and adults (n = 133) and a functional MRI face localizer task. Psychophysiological interaction (PPI) analysis examined functional connectivity between canonical and extended face processing network regions with age, with greater segregation indexed by decreased core‐extended region connectivity with age and greater integration indexed by increased core‐extended region connectivity with age.ResultsPPI analysis confirmed increased segregation for males—right fusiform face area (FFA) coupling to right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) opercular when viewing faces and left amygdala when viewing objects decreased with age. Females showed increased integration with age (increased coupling of the right FFA to right IFG opercular region and right occipital face area [OFA] to right IFG orbital when viewing faces and objects, respectively) and increased segregation (decreased coupling with age of the right OFA with IFG opercular region when viewing faces).ConclusionsDevelopment of core and extended face processing network connectivity follows sexually dimorphic paths. These differential changes mostly occur across childhood and adolescence, with males experiencing segregation and females both segregation and integration changes in connectivity.
Body size shift in sympatric insects in response to distinct selective forces in fragmented urban environments
Authors: Jia B.‐Y. , Xu R.‐Y. , Shi Z.‐H. , Sun N.‐N. , Xu R. , Wu S.‐H. , Gao L.‐F. , Du B. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPhenotypic plasticity, which encompasses the diversification of both irreversible and reversible traits, has long been considered an adaptive response by animals to varying environmental conditions. However, the process by which irreversible and reversible traits are coordinated to form an adaptive response to the changing environment has yet to be clarified. Here, we investigated the variation in body size of two urban insect species in the context of habitat fragmentation. These species were the Chinese cricket Gryllus chinensis and the stove grasshopper Diestrammena japonica, which are sympatric in urban housing estates. Results indicated that both species changed in body size in patches of urban environment. However, their body size shifts showed opposite tendencies and were influenced by distinct selective forces: Chinese crickets increased their body size with the patch history and predation risk, whereas stove grasshoppers decreased their body size with the degree of fragmentation of the patches. Territorial and competitive Chinese crickets rarely experience resource scarcity during urban environment fragmentation. Thus, a larger body size was preferred in response to intraspecific competition among Chinese crickets. By contrast, stove grasshoppers are group‐living and scramble for resources as competitors, requiring a large territory to secure adequate food for supporting a group of individuals. Consequently, stove grasshoppers frequently experienced resource scarcity in the patchy habitat, favoring small body size to reduce individual requirements throughout the life cycle. Our findings indicate that the body size shift of sympatric insects may be subjected to distinct selective forces in fragmented habitats, depending primarily on their reversible traits.
Virtual education strategies in the context of sustainable health care and medical education: A topic modelling analysis of four decades of research
Authors: Lee Jihyun , Kim Hyeongjo , Kron Frederick 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe growing importance of sustainability has led to the current literature being saturated with studies on the necessity of, and suggested topics for, education for sustainable health care (ESH). Even so, ESH implementation has been hindered by educator unpreparedness and resource scarcity. A potential resolution lies in virtual education. However, research on the strategies needed for successfully implementing virtual education in the context of sustainable health care and medical education is sparse; this study aims to fill the gap.MethodsTopic modelling, a computational text‐mining method for analysing recurring patterns of co‐occurring word clusters to reveal key topics prevalent across the texts, was used to examine how sustainability was addressed in research in medicine, medical education, and virtual education. A total of 17 631 studies, retrieved from Web of Science, Scopus and PubMed, were analysed.ResultsSustainability‐related topics within health care, medical education and virtual education provided systematic implications for Sustainable Virtual Medical Education (SVME)–ESH via virtual platforms in a sustainable way. Analyses of keywords, phrases, topics and their associated networks indicate that SVME should address the three pillars of environmental, social and economic sustainability and medical practices to uphold them; employ different technologies and methods including simulations, virtual reality (VR), artificial intelligence (AI), cloud computing, distance learning; and implement strategies for collaborative development, persuasive diffusion and quality assurance.ConclusionsThis research suggests that sustainable strategies in virtual education for ESH require a systems approach, encompassing components such as learning content and objectives, evaluation, targeted learners, media, methods and strategies. The advancement of SVME necessitates that medical educators and researchers play a central and bridging role, guiding both the fields of sustainable health care and medical education in the development and implementation of SVME. In this way, they can prepare future physicians to address sustainability issues that impact patient care.
A national survey of current practice on patients with long term and additional needs in paediatric intensive care units
Authors: Cuevas‐Asturias Sofia , Arambepola Devika , Cunningham Helen , Fraser James 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundPatients with long term and additional needs (LEAP) in paediatric intensive care units (PICUs) are a growing and heterogenous cohort that provide unique challenges to clinicians. Currently no standard approach to define and manage this cohort exists.AimTo analyse bed occupancy, examine current practice, and explore ideas to improve PICU care of patients with long term and additional needs.Study DesignPatients with LEAP were defined as meeting two or more of the following criteria: length of stay >14 days; life limiting condition; ≥2 failed extubations; hospital stay >1 month prior to PICU admission; likely to require long‐term ventilation. An electronic survey was then sent to all UK PICUs, via the UK Paediatric Critical Care Society, to collect quantitative and qualitative data relating to bed occupancy, length of stay, multidisciplinary and family involvement, and areas of possible improvement. Data collection were occurred between 8 February 2022 and 14 March 2022. Quantitative data were analysed using Microsoft Excel 365 and SPSS Statistics version 28.0. Raw data and descriptive statistics were reported, including percentages and median with interquartile range for non‐parametric data. Qualitative raw data were examined using thematic analysis. Analysis was undertaken independently by two authors and results assessed for concordance.Results70.1% (17/24) PICUs responded. 25% (67/259) of PICU beds were occupied by patients with long term and additional needs. 29% (5/17) of responding units have tailored management plans to this cohort of patient. A further 11% (2/17) have guidelines for children with generic chronic illness. 12% (2/16) of responding units had a designated area and 81% (13/16) of responding units had designated professionals. The majority (68% and 62%) of responding units engaged families and community professionals in multidisciplinary meetings. When asked how the care of long term and additional needs patients might be improved five themes were identified: consistent, streamlined care pathways; designated transitional care units; designated funding and hospital‐to‐home commissioning; development of roles to facilitate collaboration between hospital and community teams; proactive discharge planning and parallel planning.ConclusionsThis survey provides a snapshot of UK practice for a cohort of patients that occupies a considerable proportion (29%) of PICU beds. While only a minority of responding PICUs offer specifically tailored management plans, the majority of units have designated professionals.Relevance to Clinical PracticeOpportunities exist to improve PICU care in LEAP patients in areas such as: streamlined care pathways, designated clinical areas, designated funding, and development of defined collaborative roles. Next steps may involve working group convention to develop a consensus definition and share good practice examples.
Ultrasound‐guided fascial plane blocks for post‐breast surgery pain syndrome
Authors: Ferreira‐Silva Nuno , Hurdle Mark Friedrich B. , Clendenen Steven R. , Gulati Amitabh , McLaughlin Sarah A. , Troyer Wesley , Rosario‐Concepción Raúl A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntroductionPersistent pain following breast surgery is common and may be challenging to treat. In patients refractory to conservative treatments, ultrasound‐guided fascial plane blocks of thoracic nerves can be a useful option.ResultsThis type of neuro blockade technique provides advantages in terms of safety and efficacy that are convenient for physicians managing refractory and complex cases of post‐breast surgery syndrome.ConclusionThis technical review aims to present an up‐to‐date summary of the most common ultrasound‐guided fascial plane blocks for chronic pain in post‐breast surgery patients, provide a detailed technical description of each intervention, and propose preferred injections based on the anatomical location of the pain.
Roles of ROS and redox in regulating cell‐to‐cell communication: Spotlight on viral modulation of redox for local spread
Authors: Alazem Mazen , Burch‐Smith Tessa M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractReactive oxygen species (ROS) are important signalling molecules that influence many aspects of plant biology. One way in which ROS influence plant growth and development is by modifying intercellular trafficking through plasmodesmata (PD). Viruses have evolved to use PD for their local cell‐to‐cell spread between plant cells, so it is therefore not surprising that they have found ways to modulate ROS and redox signalling to optimise PD function for their benefit. This review examines how intracellular signalling via ROS and redox pathways regulate intercellular trafficking via PD during development and stress. The relationship between viruses and ROS‐redox systems, and the strategies viruses employ to control PD function by interfering with ROS‐redox in plants is also discussed.
A single‐blind randomised study comparing the efficacy of fluconazole and itraconazole for the treatment of Malassezia dermatitis in client‐owned dogs
Authors: Lee Hayoon , Koo Yoonhoi , Yun Taesik , Lee Dohee , Chae Yeon , Min Kyung‐Duk , Kim Hakhyun , Yang Mhan‐Pyo , Kang Byeong‐Teck 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundNo reports have compared the clinical therapeutic efficacy of fluconazole and itraconazole in canine Malassezia dermatitis.ObjectivesThe study aimed to compare the clinical therapeutic efficacy of fluconazole and itraconazole and to evaluate the adverse effects of fluconazole in canine Malassezia dermatitis.AnimalsSixty‐one client‐owned dogs with Malassezia dermatitis.Materials and MethodsThe enrolled animals were randomly divided into groups receiving 5 mg/kg fluconazole (5FZ), 10 mg/kg fluconazole (10FZ) or 5 mg/kg itraconazole (5IZ). The drugs were orally administered once daily for 28 days. Cytological examination, clinical index score (CIS), pruritus Visual Analog Scale (PVAS) evaluation and blood analysis (for 5FZ only) were performed on Day (D)0, D14 and D28.ResultsOn D14, significant reductions in mean yeast count (MYC), CIS and PVAS were observed in the 5FZ (n = 20, p < 0.01), 10FZ (n = 17, p < 0.01) and 5IZ (n = 16, p < 0.05) groups. In all three groups, a significant reduction (p < 0.001) in MYC, CIS and PVAS expression was observed on D28. There was no significant difference in the percentage reduction of MYC, CIS and PVAS among the groups. Moreover, there was a significant difference (p < 0.05) in each group between D14 and D28, except for the percentage reduction in MYC in the 10FZ and 5IZ groups. No adverse effects of fluconazole were observed in the 5FZ or 10FZ groups.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceThis study indicates that 5FZ and 10FZ are as effective as itraconazole in canine Malassezia dermatitis.
Effects of cognitive behavioral therapy in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Chen Xinming , Guo Yating , Zhang Tuoxin , Lin Jiamin , Ding Xintong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) causes airflow blockage and breathing‐related issues. This chronic disease impacts people worldwide. Substantial evidence supports the use of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) to help patients with chronic illnesses cope with worrisome and painful symptoms. However, the impact of CBT on COPD outcomes is less understood.ObjectiveIn this study, we systematically summarized the effects of CBT on lung function, anxiety and depressive symptoms, and quality of life of patients with COPD.MethodsSix English‐language and four Chinese‐language databases were systematically searched for relevant randomized controlled trials published through April 15, 2023. Studies in which CBT was the only difference in treatment administered to experimental and control groups were included in the review. The studies' risk of bias was evaluated using the Cochrane Criteria.ResultsSixteen studies (1887 participants) were included. The meta‐analysis showed that CBT improved the percent‐predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1%), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC ratio, maximal voluntary ventilation, peak expiratory flow, treatment compliance, and World Health Organization abbreviated quality of life, Self‐rating Anxiety and Depression Scale, and St George's Respiratory Questionnaire scores compared with the control (all p < .05).ConclusionThis review demonstrated that CBT improves the lung function, anxiety and depressive symptoms, treatment compliance, and quality of life of patients with COPD and can be used widely in the clinical treatment of this disease.
The metabolic slowdown caused by the deletion of
pspA
accelerates protein aggregation during stationary phase facilitating antibiotic persistence
Authors: Li Yingxing , Chen Xiao , Zhang Weili , Fang Kefan , Tian Jingjing , Li Fangyuan , Han Mingfei , Huang Jingjing , Sun Tianshu , Bai Fan , Cheng Mei , Xu Yingchun 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

Entering a dormant state is a prevailing mechanism used by bacterial cells to transiently evade antibiotic attacks and become persisters. The dynamic progression of bacterial dormancy depths driven by protein aggregation has been found to be critical for antibiotic persistence in recent years. However, our current understanding of the endogenous genes that affects dormancy depth remains limited. Here, we discovered a novel role of phage shock protein A (
pspA
) gene in modulating bacterial dormancy depth. Deletion of
pspA
of
Escherichia coli
resulted in increased bacterial dormancy depths and prolonged lag times for resuscitation during the stationary phase.
∆pspA
exhibited a higher persister ratio compared to the wild type when challenged with various antibiotics. Microscopic images revealed that
∆pspA
showed accelerated formation of protein aggresomes, which were collections of endogenous protein aggregates. Time-lapse imaging established the positive correlation between protein aggregation and antibiotic persistence of
∆pspA
at the single-cell level. To investigate the molecular mechanism underlying accelerated protein aggregation, we performed transcriptome profiling and found the increased abundance of chaperons and a general metabolic slowdown in the absence of
pspA
. Consistent with the transcriptomic results, the
∆pspA
strain showed a decreased cellular ATP level, which could be rescued by glucose supplementation. Then, we verified that replenishment of cellular ATP levels by adding glucose could inhibit protein aggregation and reduce persister formation in
∆pspA
. This study highlights the novel role of
pspA
in maintaining proteostasis, regulating dormancy depth, and affecting antibiotic persistence during stationary phase.
Improved characterization of aminoglycoside penetration into human lung epithelial lining fluid via population pharmacokinetics
Authors: Shin Eunjeong , Zhang Yongzhen , Zhou Jieqiang , Lang Yinzhi , Sayed Alaa R. M. , Werkman Carolin , Jiao Yuanyuan , Kumaraswamy Monika , Bulman Zackery P. , Luna Brian M. , Bulitta Jürgen B. 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
Aminoglycosides are important treatment options for serious lung infections, but modeling analyses to quantify their human lung epithelial lining fluid (ELF) penetration are lacking. We estimated the extent and rate of penetration for five aminoglycosides via population pharmacokinetics from eight published studies. The area under the curve in ELF vs plasma ranged from 50% to 100% and equilibration half-lives from 0.61 to 5.80 h, indicating extensive system hysteresis. Aminoglycoside ELF peak concentrations were blunted, but overall exposures were moderately high.