bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of 2‐Arylbenzothiazoles from 2‐Aminobenzenethiol and Aryl Aldehydes Catalyzed by Scandium Triflate.
Authors: Itoh Takashi , Nagata Kazuhiro , Ishikawa Hiroyuki , Ohsawa Akio 
Published: April 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of 1,3,5‐Triazabicyclo[3.1.0]hexanes Containing the Fragments of α‐Amino Acids and Their Esters at the N(3) Atom.
Authors: Shevtsov A. V. , Petukhova V. Yu. , Makhova N. N. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Unexpected Reaction of 2‐Chloro‐1‐phenylethane‐1,1‐dithiol with Hydrazine — A New Route to 4,5‐Dihydro‐1,2,3‐thiadiazoles.
Authors: Shagun L. G. , Shagun V. A. , Ermolyuk L. P. , Sarapulova G. I. , Voronkov M. G. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of 4,5‐Substituted 1,3,4‐Thiadiazolidin‐2‐iminium Perchlorate
Authors: Komarova T. N. , Nizovtseva T. V. , Nakhmanovich A. S. , Larina L. I. , Lopyrev V. A. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Diastereoselective Reaction of Buta‐1,3‐diene with Chiral Derivatives of Glyoxylic Acid: Effective Route to Optically Pure 2‐Substituted 3,6‐Dihydro‐2H‐pyrans.
Authors: Kosior Magorzata , Asztemborska Monika , Jurczak Janusz 
Published: April 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Reactions of Polyhalopyridines. Part 16. Synthesis and Reactions of 2,3,5,6‐Tetrafluoro‐4‐perfluoroalkylthiopyridines.
Authors: Sipyagin A. M. , Enshov V. S. , Lebedev A. T. , Karakhanova N. K. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Indium(III) Chloride/Silica Gel‐Promoted Facile and Rapid Cyclization of 2‐Aminochalcones to 2‐Aryl‐2,3‐dihydroquinolin‐4(1H)‐ones under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Kumar K. Hemanth , Muralidharan D. , Perumal P. T. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Successive Replacement of Halogen Atoms in 4,6‐Dihaloquinolines in Cross‐Coupling Reactions with Arylboronic Acids Catalyzed by Palladium and Nickel Complexes.
Authors: Beletskaya I. P. , Tsvetkov A. V. , Latyshev G. V. , Lukashev N. V. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Amide Derivatives of [6‐(5‐Methyl‐3‐phenylpyrazole‐1‐yl)‐3(2H)‐pyridazinone‐2‐yl]acetic Acids as Potential Analgesic and Antiinflammatory Compounds.
Authors: Banoglu Erden , Akoglu Cagla , Uenlue Serdar , Kuepeli Esra , Yesilada Erdem , Sahin M. Fethi 
Published: April 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Biological Activity Evaluation of Differently Substituted 1,4‐Dioxo‐3,4‐dihydrophthalazine‐2(1H)‐carboxamides and ‐carbothioamides.
Authors: Cardia M. C. , Distinto S. , Maccioni E. , Bonsignore L. , DeLogu A. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Styrylquinazolines: A New Class of Inhibitors on Prostaglandin E2 Production in Lipopolysaccharide‐Activated Macrophage Cells.
Authors: Park Jang Hyun , Min Hye‐Young , Kim Sun Suk , Lee Jae Yeol , Lee Sang Kook , Lee Yong Sup 
Published: April 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Functionalized 2‐(2‐Pyrrolyl)pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidines.
Authors: Petrova O. V. , Sobenina L. N. , Demenev A. P. , Mikhaleva A. I. , Ushakov I. A. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Molecular and Crystal Structure of 2,3,4,5,6,7,8‐Heptachloro‐2‐morpholinocarbonyltricyclo [4.3.0.01,3]nona‐4,7‐dien‐9‐one.
Authors: Gimalova F. A. , Gavrilov O. A. , Lubetsky D. V. , Miftakhov M. S. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Vinyl Ethers Containing an Epoxy Group. Part 21. Synthesis and Acid‐Catalyzed Cyclization of 1‐[ω‐(Vinyloxy)alkoxy]‐3‐(2‐propynyloxy)‐2‐propanols — A Simple Route to 2‐Propynyloxymethyl‐Substituted Cyclic Polyethers.
Authors: Nikitina L. P. , Dmitrieva L. L. , Albanov A. I. , Nedolya N. A. , Brandsma L. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
N‐Silatranylmethyl Derivatives of Pyrrole, Indole, and Carbazole.
Authors: Voronkov M. G. , Trofimova O. M. , Turchaninov V. K. , Zel'bst E. A. , Bolgova Yu. I. , Belyaeva V. V. , Larina L. I. , Aksamentova T. N. , Mikhaleva A. I. , Chernov N. F. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Calix[4]resorcinolarene with (Thiophosphoryl)thiomethyl Fragments on the Lower Rim of the Molecule.
Authors: Popova E. V. , Volodina Yu. M. , Gazizov A. S. , Burilov A. R. , Pudovik M. A. , Habicher V. D. , Konovalov A. I. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Two Azasteroidal [3,2‐c]Pyrazole Derivatives: 2′‐(p‐Fluorophenyl)‐4‐azapyrazolo [4′,3′:2,3]‐5α‐androstan‐17β‐yl Acetate and 2′‐(p‐Fluorophenyl)‐4‐azapyrazolo [4′,3′:2,3]‐5α‐androstan‐17β‐ol.
Authors: Thamotharan S. , Parthasarathi V. , Gupta Ranju , Jindal D. P. , Linden Anthony 
Published: April 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Trofimov Reaction with Oximes Derived from Ketosteroids: Steroid—Pyrrole Structures.
Authors: Zaitsev A. B. , Vasil'tsov A. M. , Shmidt E. Yu. , Mikhaleva A. I. , Afonin A. V. , Il'icheva L. N. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Nonpeptide Integrin Antagonists Containing Spirocyclic Scaffolds.
Authors: Smallheer Joanne M. , Weigelt Carolyn A. , Woerner Francis J. , Wells Jennifer S. , Daneker Wayne F. , Mousa Shaker A. , Wexler Ruth R. , Jadhav Prabhakar K. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Prostanoids. Part 86. Synthesis and Reductive Transformations of 2‐Chloro‐4,4‐ethylenedioxy‐3‐phenylsulfanyl‐2‐cyclopentenone.
Authors: Ivanova N. A. , Khusainova A. A. , Shangiraeva F. G. , Akhmetvaleev R. R. , Miftakhov M. S. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Structures of 1,4‐Benzodioxane Derivatives from the Seeds of Phytolacca americana and Their Neuritogenic Activity in Primary Cultured Rat Cortical Neurons.
Authors: Takahasi Hironobu , Yanagi Kazue , Ueda Masumi , Nakade Kousuke , Fukuyama Yoshiyasu 
Published: April 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Acoustic noise analysis and prediction in a 4‐T MRI scanner
Authors: Li W. , Mechefske C.K. , Gazdzinski C. , Rutt B.K. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractGradient coil induced acoustic noise was measured in a 4 Tesla MRI scanner. To characterize the sound distribution, a series of measurements were taken along the centreline of the gradient coil using echo planar imaging (EPI) sequences as inputs. The acoustic noise frequency spectra were calculated and used to compare the acoustic response relative to the spatial distribution along the centreline. Using the standard approach of frequency response function (FRF) measurement with sinusoidal sweep inputs, the sound pressure levels (SPLs) due to EPI input sequences were predicted. The results showed that the predictions using the FRF were very close to the measured SPLs. Although previously known as an accurate acoustic noise characterization tool, frequency response functions have been shown here to be a useful method for predicting acoustic noise levels due to other scanning sequences. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 21B: 19–25, 2004.
An inductive method to measure mechanical excitation spectra for MRI elastography
Authors: Plewes D.B. , Luginbuhl C. , Macgowan C. , Sack I. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractHarmonic MR elastography (MRE) monitors the propagation of acoustic waves in tissues in the audio regime. Oscillatory motions with large amplitudes can induce nonlinear wave propagation effects resulting in harmonics that evolve over space. In order to understand these effects, knowledge of the motions of applied mechanical motion is needed to rule out the presence of harmonic motion arising from the mechanical source. We propose a simple technique to measure the spectral content of mechanical excitation based on the use of a set of detection coils mounted on the elastography excitation system. The motion of these coils causes a small signal to be induced from the applied static magnetic field of the MRI system. A detailed analysis shows that quantitative assessment of excitations is possible with correct geometrical arrangement of the detector coils. However, it shows that nonlinear effects can also occur depending on the alignment of the detection coils with respect to Bo. The system is easy to operate and allows for the time resolved observation of the actuator motion for each experimental setup. The system is intended to be used before and after MRE experiments to determine excitation spectral content and repeatability. We demonstrate its use in a one‐dimensional elastography experiment and show that this information is an essential prerequisite for studying material nonlinear elastic properties using MRE. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 21B: 32–39, 2004
Effect of margins on ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence after breast conservation therapy for lymph node‐negative breast carcinoma
Authors: Leong Carson , Boyages John , Jayasinghe Upali W. , Bilous Michael , Ung Owen , Chua Boon , Salisbury Elizabeth , Wong Angela Y. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDBreast conservative surgery (CS) with radiotherapy (RT) is the most commonly used treatment for early‐stage breast carcinoma. However, there is controversy regarding the importance of the pathologic margin status on the risk of ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (IBTR). The current study evaluated the effect of the pathologic margin status on IBTR rates in a cohort of women with lymph node‐negative breast carcinoma treated with CS and RT.METHODSBetween August 1980 and December 1994, 452 women with pathologically lymph node‐negative breast carcinoma were treated with CS and RT at Westmead Hospital (Westmead, Australia). Central pathology review was performed for all women. The final margins were negative for 352 women (77.9%), positive (invasive and/or in situ) for 42 women (9.3%), and indeterminate for 58 women (12.8%). Information regarding an extensive intraductal component (EIC), lymphovascular invasion, pathologic tumor size, histologic grade, and nuclear grade was available for most women. After macroscopic total excision of the tumor, all women received whole‐breast irradiation (usually 45–50.4 grays [Gy]) and the majority of women also received a local tumor bed boost (range, 8–30 Gy).RESULTSAfter a median follow‐up of 80 months, 34 women (7.5%) developed an IBTR. The crude 5‐year rates of IBTR for women with negative margins, positive margins, and indeterminate margins were 3.1%, 11.9%, and 6.9%, respectively. For women with negative margins, the 5‐year and 10‐year actuarial rates of freedom from IBTR were 96% and 92%, respectively, compared with 88% and 75%, respectively, for women with positive margins (P = 0.003). Univariate analysis demonstrated that the only factors associated with a significantly higher risk of IBTR were age at diagnosis (P < 0.050) and margin status (P = 0.005). Multivariate analysis showed that both age and margin status were independent predictors of IBTR. None of 24 patients with an EIC and negative margins were found to have developed an IBTR.CONCLUSIONSThe results of the current study were comparable to other published reports and supported the association of higher IBTR rates with positive or indeterminate margins compared with negative, pathologic margins. Furthermore, young age (age < 35 years at diagnosis) was associated with the highest risk of IBTR regardless of margin status. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Palliative nutritional intervention in addition to cyclooxygenase and erythropoietin treatment for patients with malignant disease: Effects on survival, metabolism, and function
Authors: Lundholm Kent , Daneryd Peter , Bosaeus Ingvar , Körner Ulla , Lindholm Elisabet 
Published: April 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe role of nutrition in the palliative treatment of patients with malignancy‐related cachexia is unclear. The goal of the current study was to determine whether specialized, nutrition‐focused patient care could improve integrated whole‐body metabolism and functional outcome in unselected weight‐losing patients with malignant disease who were receiving systemic antiinflammatory (cyclooxygenase [COX]‐inhibitory) treatment along with erythropoietin (EPO) support.METHODSThree hundred nine patients with malignant disease who experienced progressive cachexia due to solid tumors (primarily gastrointestinal lesions) were randomized to receive a COX inhibitor (indomethacin, 50 mg twice daily) and EPO (15–40,000 units per week) along with specialized, nutrition‐focused patient care (oral nutritional support and home total parenteral nutrition [TPN]) provided on a patient‐by‐patient basis to attenuate inflammation, prevent anemia, and improve nutritional status. Control patients received the same indomethacin and EPO doses that study patients received without the added nutritional support. All patients were treated and followed until death. Biochemical assays (blood, liver, kidney, and thyroid), nutritional state assessment (food intake and body composition), and exercise testing with simultaneous measurement of whole‐body respiratory gas exchange before and during exercise were performed before the start of treatment and then at regular intervals during the treatment period (every 2–30 months after treatment initiation). Statistical analyses were performed on ‘intention‐to‐treat’ and ‘as‐treated’ bases.RESULTSHome TPN was provided to approximately 50% of the study patients without severe complications. Over the entire observation period, rhEPO prevented the development of anemia in both study patients and control patients. Intention‐to‐treat analysis revealed an improvement in energy balance for nutritionally supported patients (P < 0.03); no other significant differences in outcome between study patients and control patients were observed. As‐treated analysis demonstrated that patients receiving nutrition experienced prolonged survival (P < 0.01), which was accompanied by improved energy balance (P < 0.001), increasing body fat (P < 0.05), and a greater maximum exercise capacity (P < 0.04). A trend toward increased metabolic efficiency at maximum exercise (P < 0.06) for study patients relative to control patients also was observed.CONCLUSIONSThe results of the current study strongly support that nutrition is a limiting factor influencing survival and that nutritional support protects integrated metabolism and metabolic function in patients with progressive cachexia secondary to malignant disease. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Adoptive immunotherapy with allogeneic Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)‐specific cytotoxic T‐lymphocytes for recurrent, EBV‐positive Hodgkin disease
Authors: Lucas Kenneth G. , Salzman Donna , Garcia Alejandro , Sun Qi 
Published: April 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDIt has been shown that adoptive immunotherapy with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)‐specific cytotoxic T‐lymphocytes (CTL) is effective for the treatment of EBV‐induced lymphoproliferative disease in stem cell transplantation recipients and organ transplantation recipients. The role of EBV CTL in other tumors for which this virus has been implicated in pathogenesis, such as EBV‐positive Hodgkin disease (HD), has not been demonstrated clearly.METHODSTo investigate the antitumor effects and toxicity of allogeneic EBV CTL in EBV‐positive HD, the authors initiated a pilot trial in which EBV CTL were cultured from allogeneic, partially human leukocyte antigen‐matched donors and were infused into patients who had therapy‐refractory disease. The first cohort of 3 patients (Cohort I) received 3 separate infusions of EBV CTL (5.0 × 106 EBV CTL/kg per dose), and the second cohort (Cohort II) received 30 mg/m2 per day of fludarabine for 3 days followed by a single CTL infusion (1.5 × 107 EBV CTL/kg).RESULTSAll three patients in Cohort I had decreases in measurable disease after EBV CTL infusions, and one of those patients was without evidence of disease 22 months after infusion. Two of 3 patients in Cohort II had decreases in measurable disease, although it was not determined whether those decreases were related to fludarabine or to CTL, and 1 patient in Cohort II had 7 months without disease progression. Unlike the patients in Cohort I, fludarabine recipients did not have increases in antidonor CTL responses. Donor cells could not be detected in any of the CTL recipients.CONCLUSIONSAdoptive immunotherapy with allogeneic EBV CTL was safe for patients with recurrent, refractory, EBV‐positive HD; and clinical responses may be observed without the establishment of detectable donor lymphoid chimerism. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Recurrent chromosomal imbalances in nonsmall cell lung carcinoma
Authors: Tai Amy L. S. , Yan Wen‐Sheng , Fang Yan , Xie Dan , Sham Jonathan S. T. , Guan Xin‐Yuan 
Published: April 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDLung carcinoma is a leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. To better understand this disease, the authors studied genetic alterations in nonsmall cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) and the association between genetic changes and clinical features.METHODSGenetic alterations in 30 patients with adenocarcinoma (AC) and 39 patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) were analyzed by comparative genomic hybridization. The genetic changes in patients with AC and SCC were compared and the associations of these changes with clinical features were studied.RESULTSA gain of 3q with a minimal amplified region at 3q25.3‐qter was significantly higher in patients with SCC compared with patients with AC (72% vs. 27%; P < 0.001). A gain of 20q and loss of chromosome 9 were detected more frequently in patients with AC compared with patients with SCC (P < 0.05). Gains of 5p and 20q and loss of 5q were significantly correlated with an advanced stage of NSCLC (P < 0.05). Amplification of 1q was significantly associated with NSCLC recurrence (P = 0.04).CONCLUSIONSThe results of the current study suggested that different chromosomal aberrations may contribute to the types and pathologic stages of NSCLC. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Diagnostic strategies for unknown primary cancer
Authors: Varadhachary Gauri R. , Abbruzzese James L. , Lenzi Renato 
Published: April 2004

AbstractUnknown primary cancer (UPC) is defined by the presence of metastatic disease for which a primary site is undetectable on presentation. Computed tomography scan of the body was performed routinely in search of the primary cancer and invasive procedures were pursued in selective cases. Magnetic resonance imaging of the breast enables identification of an occult breast primary tumor in ≤ 75% of women who present with adenocarcinoma in the axillary lymph nodes and can influence surgical management. Positron emission tomography scan also can be used in the diagnosis of UPCs, but its value is controversial. Cytokeratins 7 and 20 and thyroid transcription factor are some of the histochemical markers used in most patients who present with metastatic adenocarcinoma. Some of the newly discovered immunohistochemical markers further assist in narrowing the differential diagnosis. The role of molecular profiling to make the diagnosis, establish the prognosis, and assess the response to treatment in UPCs is evolving. The authors discuss the role of histochemical markers in the diagnosis of UPC and the most recent data regarding the use of imaging and invasive diagnostic modalities and gene expression profiles. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Acceptance of tamoxifen chemoprevention by physicians and women at risk
Authors: Tchou Julia , Hou Nanjiang , Rademaker Alfred , Jordan V. Craig , Morrow Monica 
Published: April 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) P‐1 trial, tamoxifen was shown to reduce breast carcinoma risk by 49% in high‐risk women. The purpose of the current study was to identify factors associated with being offered, and accepting, tamoxifen chemoprevention.METHODSThe records of 219 women who sought risk evaluation after the publication of the NSABP P‐1 trial between September 1998 and October 2002 were reviewed. Risk was calculated using the model of either Gail et al. or Claus et al. The impact of individual risk factors on the offering and acceptance of tamoxifen was compared using the Fisher exact test and logistic regression analysis.RESULTSTamoxifen was offered to 137 women (63%) in the current study. The magnitude of Gail risk, age, menopausal status, hysterectomy, and history of lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) or atypical hyperplasia (AH) were all found to be significant predictors of a patient being offered tamoxifen. On multivariate analysis, only a history of AH or LCIS and hysterectomy were found to be significant, with odds ratios of 20.3 and 3.4, respectively. Fifty‐seven of the women who were offered tamoxifen (42%) took the drug. Only a history of LCIS or AH and older age were found to be predictive of tamoxifen acceptance.CONCLUSIONSIn the current study, risk due to AH or LCIS was found to be the main predictor of being offered and accepting tamoxifen chemoprevention. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Primary care provider perceptions of barriers to and facilitators of colorectal cancer screening in a managed care setting
Authors: Dulai Gareth S. , Farmer Melissa M. , Ganz Patricia A. , Bernaards Coen A. , Qi Karen , Dietrich Allen J. , Bastani Roshan , Belman Michael J. , Kahn Katherine L. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDColorectal cancer (CRC) screening tests (e.g., fecal occult blood testing [FOBT], flexible sigmoidoscopy [FS], etc.) are underused. Primary care providers (PCPs) play a critical role in screening, but barriers to and facilitators of screening as perceived by PCPs in managed care settings are poorly understood. The objectives of the current study were to describe current CRC screening practices and to explore determinants of test use by PCPs in a managed care setting.METHODSIn 2000, a self‐administered survey was mailed to a stratified, random sample of 1340 PCPs in a large, network model health maintenance organization in California.RESULTSThe survey response rate was 67%. PCPs indicated that 79% of their standard‐risk patients were screened for CRC. PCP‐reported median rates of recommendation for the use of specific screening tests were 90% for FOBT and 70% for FS. In logistic regression models, perceived barriers to the use of FOBT and FS included patient characteristics (e.g., education) and PCP‐related barriers (e.g., failure to recall that patients were due for testing). Perceived facilitators of the use of FOBT and FS included interventions targeting certain aspects of the health care system (e.g., reimbursement) and interventions targeting certain aspects of the tests themselves (e.g., provision of evidence of a test's effectiveness). Assignment of high priority to screening, integrated medical group (as opposed to independent practice association) affiliation, and the proportion of patients receiving routine health maintenance examinations were positively associated with reported test use.CONCLUSIONSCRC screening tests appear to be underused in the managed care setting examined in the current study. The perceived barriers and facilitators that were identified can be used to guide interventions aimed at increasing recommendations for, as well as actual performance of, CRC screening. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.