bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wigner’s friend scenario and a new interpretation of quantum mechanics v2
Authors: Li Qian 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we analyze the thought experiment of ”Wigner’s friend” and point
out that new understanding should be made to Born’s rule and measurement
process: Born’s rule is no longer seen as a rule based on the history of the quantum
system’s, and the measurement results are no longer directly related to the state
of the measured object before the measurement. Inspired by Everett III and
H. Zurek’s views, we believe that Born’s rule reflects the coordination between
states of different parts in quantum entanglement systems, so it has nothing to
do with the history of particles themselves but rather with the historical records.
A new interpretation of quantum mechanics, objective relative state formulation,
or ORSF interpretation is proposed, which is a new type of pliot wave theory.
Under this interpretation, micro-particles can also be assigned definite states
before being observed. Based on this interpretation, Wigner’s friend-like scenarios
can be effectively explained. The new interpretation brings new perspectives to
many quantum phenomena. We also point out potential applications of the new
interpretation in the future.
Hearing Health Survey of Population in Bangkok
Authors: Ruencharoen Suwimol , Lertsukprasert Krisna , Suvanich Ravin , Seesangnom Jirapat , Chockboondee Mondnath , Aekplakorn Wichai , Jariengprasert Chanchai , Kiatthanabumrung Sivaporn , Wisupagan Tosapohn 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This cross-sectional random survey among Thai adults living in Bangkok aimed to identify the prevalence of hearing problems and study their relationship with personal factors. The questionnaire was interviewed. The air conduction pure-tone threshold audiometry was performed. A total of 2,463 participants (1,728 females) aged 15–96 years were included. The prevalence of hearing loss (HL) was 53.02% and increased with age. The prevalence of moderate or greater degree hearing impairment (HI) was 2.8%. The people aged 65 years and over had HL and HI more than younger people at 8.56 and 6.79 times, respectively. Males were two times more likely to have HL and HI than females. People with higher education had less chance of HL and HI than those without education or elementary level. People who ever worked in loud noises for >8 hrs. /day had HL 1.56 times more than those who never. An inconsistent correlation was found between HL, HI, and three NCDs. Although the majority of the volunteers had mild HL, it is crucial that they should be appropriately taken care of and monitored in order to prevent further loss. The questionnaire-based survey found only people with hearing problems that affect daily communication.
Variational approach to heat conduction modeling
Authors: Đurić Slavko , Arandjelovic Ivan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
It is known that Fourier’s heat equation which is parabolic, implies an infinite velocity propagation, or, in other words, that the mechanism of heat conduction is established instantaneously under all conditions. This is unacceptable on physical grounds in spite of the fact that Fourier’s law agrees well with experiment. However, discrepancies are likely to occur when extremely short distances or extremely short time intervals are considered, as they must in some modern problems of aero-thermodynamics. Cattaneo and independently Vernotte was proved that such process can be describe by Heaviside’s telegraph equation. In this paper has been shown that this fact can be derived using calculus of variations, by application of the Euler-Lagrange equation. So, we proved that equation of heat conduction with finite velocity propagation of the thermal disturbance, can be obtained as solution of one variational problem.
Control of DNA demethylation by superoxide anion in plant stem cells
Authors: Zhao Zhong , Wang Shiwen , Liu Min , Hu Dongping , Dong Zhicheng 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Superoxide anion is thought to be a harmful natural byproduct with strong oxidizing ability in all living organisms and was recently found to accumulate in plant meristems to maintain stem cells in the shoot and undifferentiated meristematic cells in the root. Here, we show that the DNA demethylases Repressor of Silencing 1 (ROS1) is one of the direct targets of superoxide in stem cells. The Fe-S clusters in ROS1 are oxidized by superoxide to activate its DNA glycosylase/lyase activity. We demonstrate that superoxide extensively participates in the establishment of active DNA demethylation in the Arabidopsis genome and that ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATOR 12 (ARR12) acts downstream of ROS1-mediated superoxide signaling to maintain stem cell fate. Our results provide a mechanistic framework for superoxide control of the stem cell niche and demonstrate how redox and DNA demethylation interact to define stem cell fate in plants.
Consistent microorganism isolated from blood and abdominal drain cultures is an independent risk factor for mortality in critically ill gastrointestinal fistula patients with bloodstream infection: an initial retrospective study
Authors: Yang Dongliang , Xie Tian , Yu Chaoran , Tian Tao , Chen Chen , Wang Wenyue , Chen Fen , Yao Danhua , He Yining , He Qi , Wang Pengfei , Li Yousheng 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Bloodstream infection (BSI) is a common complication of gastrointestinal fistula, leading to adverse outcomes. Whether a bloodstream infection is caused by an ectopic intra-abdominal infection, i.e. whether it is intra-abdominal/intestinal borne, may affect the patient's prognosis. In this study, we will analyze the value of consistency between blood culture and abdominal drain culture in predicting adverse outcomes in critically ill gastrointestinal fistula patients with BSI.
Material and methods
A retrospective analysis was performed in 295 patients with gastrointestinal fistula recruited in intensive care unit (ICU) of Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. In which, a highly selected population who were identified with BSI were involved and divided into a consistent group (one or more microorganisms isolated from blood cultures were same with microorganisms isolated from abdominal drain cultures) and an inconsistent group (all microorganisms isolated from blood cultures were different with microorganisms isolated from abdominal drain cultures).
Results
Consistent group accounted for 41.57% (37/89) of all BSI patients with significantly higher in-hospital mortality (48.65% vs. 15.38%, P = 0.001). Meanwhile, a 90-days prognosis analysis indicated that consistent group showed inferior survival benefits than inconsistent group. Consistent group was more likely to sufferer from Gram-negative bacteria (P = 0.001) and fungi (P = 0.031) infection in blood cultures. Frequency of Acinetobacter baumannii and Enterococcus were significantly higher in consistent group, both in blood and abdominal drain cultures. In multivariate analysis, consistent microorganism isolated from blood and abdominal drain cultures (OR = 4.320 [1.536–12.153]; P = 0.006) and vasopressors (OR = 6.784 [1.416–32.488]; P = 0.017) were identified as independent risk factors for mortality.
Conclusion
Consistent microorganism isolated from blood and abdominal drain cultures is an independent risk factor for mortality in critically ill gastrointestinal fistula patients with BSI.
Changes of Th17/Treg ratio and tongue coating microbiota in autoimmune liver disease patients with type D personality
Authors: Song Jinyun , Liang Zihao , Wang Yuan , Wang Zengxiu , Yang Yongfeng , Zhao Hongyu 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Autoimmune liver disease (AILD) is an important immune-mediated liver disorder that may gradually progress to severe liver fibrosis without timely medical intervention. Previous studies have indicated that patients with type D personality are unlikely to seek consultation and adhere to medications, and are more prone to depression, clinicians should actively identify AILD patients with type D personality. This study aimed to determine the changes of Th17/Treg ratio and tongue coating microbiota in AILD patients with type D personality.
Methods Twenty-four
AILD patients were investigated and divided into two groups based on the standardized psychological DS14 questionnaire. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the ratio of Th17 to Treg cells, tongue coating samples were collected for 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and then data analysis and statistical analysis were performed.
Results
AILD patients with type D personality had a significantly higher Th17/Treg ratio than those with non-type D personality. There were no massive contrasts in microbial diversity between type D personality group and non-type D personality group according to the alpha diversity analysis. However, microbial composition of the two groups varied according to Nonmetric multidimensional scaling and Venn diagram analysis. Linear discriminant analysis effect size analysis showed that Melissococcus and Lachnoanaerobaculum were dominant in type D personality group, while short-chain fatty acid-related bacteria (Clostridium and Blautia) and Actinobacillus were enriched in non-type D personality group.
Conclusion
Type D personality may be a related risk factor for AILD, while the composition of tongue microbiota may be useful in aiding the diagnosis of the severity of AILD patients.
The Influence of the Perception, Attitude and Level of Trust on the Uptake of Covid-19 Vaccinations Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care Clinic in Mbeya Urban, Tanzania
Authors: Kallimbu Martine , Mwangu Mughwira , Mujinja Phares , Luoga Pankras , Ruwaichi Thadeus 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background:
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID–19) has been associated with negative effects and death towards people with low immunity including pregnant women. Despite, the introduction of vaccine as the proper means to curb the spread of pandemic, there is still low uptake of the vaccine. This study assessed the influence of perception, attitude and trust towards COVID-19 vaccine uptake among pregnant women attending Antenatal Care Clinics.
Methods:
A cross sectional study design was used, utilising quantitative approach with cross-sectional analytical design conducted in Mbeya urban, distribution of sample size during data collection based on client’s volume at three government health facilities (one tertiary health facility, one secondary health facility and one primary health facility) in Mbeya Urban, Tanzania. Data were collected from 333 pregnant women who attended ANC at the period of data collection by using questionnaire with closed ended questions which were administered to respondents through face to face. Data cleaning and data analysis was done using excel and stata/SE 14.1 software for bivariate and multivariate data; Pearson’s chi-squire and Fisher’s test was used to analyze the independent determinants of COVID-19 vaccine uptake.
Results:
The proportion of pregnant women vaccinated with COVID 19 vaccine was 27%. There was statistically significant association between the respondents’ vaccine uptake with college/university education and <5 work experience to vaccine uptake P=0.015 (AOR=6.58; 95% CI; 1.45-29.85), and P=0.046 (AOR=2.45; 95% CI; 1.02-5.89) respectively. The association of attitude influence to COVID-19 vaccine uptake was statistically significant (acceptance of vaccine due to its availability, vaccine acceptance for protection against COVID-19 pandemic to respondent and her baby, experience from other vaccines) was statistically significant at P=0.011 (AOR=4.43; 95% CI; 1.41-13.93), P= 0.001 (AOR=45.83; 95% CI; 18.6-112.89) respectively. The level of trust to COVID-19 vaccine influenced respondents’ association to vaccine uptake in 2nd and 3rd trimester of pregnancy (P=0.633 (AOR=1.23; 95% CI; 0.53-2.48) respectively.
Conclusion:
Positive attitude and trust towards COVID-19 vaccine influenced pregnant women to uptake COVID-19 vaccines; our conclusion supports the WHO guidelines that COVID 19 vaccine should be administered to pregnant women since it is a safer means to curb COVID-19 pregnancy related complications.
The effects of Chinese herbal injections on patients with COVID-19: a systematic review
Authors: corpe christopher peter , Sun Zhiwei , Rueben Talya 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, led to a a worldwide pandemic of acute respiratory illness resulting in more than 760 million infections and 6.9 million deaths. Recent clinical research has demonstrated the beneficial effects of Chinese herbal injections (CHIs), a novel kind of traditional Chinese medicine preparation, in the treatment of COVID-19. This systematic review aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of CHIs in treatment of COVID-19 and to evaluate the quality of evidence.
Methods
A systematic search for both human RCTs and non-randomized trials evaluating the efficacy and safety of CHIs in treatment of COVID-19 was performed on PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Ovid, where the language was restricted to English. Quality assessment included the risk of bias (via the Cochrane risk of bias tool) and quality of evidence (via the GRADE system).
Results
Of 3403 articles identified, 6 studies published between 2020 and 2021 with 382 participants met our selection criteria and were included for analysis. The treatment group was defined as the CHI (XBJ, RDN, or XYP injection) combined with routine treatment, to compare with routine treatment alone in the control group. The included studies overall had moderate risk of bias and low quality of evidence, mainly due to being open-label and confounding. The evidence showed that the clinical efficacy of treatment groups was better for the treatment of COVID-19, in terms of clinical symptom resolution, length of hospital stay, time taken for a negative nucleic acid test, and mortality. There was no significant difference in incidence of adverse events between the study groups (P > 0.05).
Conclusions
CHIs can play an effective role in the treatment of COVID-19 and can be safely administered under rational operation. More double-blinded RCTs with larger sample sizes are warranted, and the effects on longer-term symptom resolution or the effects of other different CHIs need to be explored in the future.
Trauma-specific Reactions to Sexual Assault Content in College Students: Considerations for Content Warnings
Authors: Kimble Matthew , Dahlstrom Harriet , Furman Hunter , Nasi Ella , Flack William 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Much of the debate on content warnings has occurred with little empirical data to inform it. In the past five years this has started to change and in this most recent study, 185 students completed trauma surveys and a PTSD checklist and then read a passage that detailed a nonfiction account of a sexual assault of a female undergraduate. Participants were sent a follow up assessment 2 weeks later. Similar to previous studies, the majority of participants (94%), including those with a sexual assault history, read the passage even when offered an alternate reading with no traumatic content. In addition, those with a sexual assault history did not report an increase in PTSD symptoms in the following 2 weeks. However, unlike the two previous studies, those with a sexual assault history reported more distress right before and just after the reading. They also reported being more emotional during the study. This discrepancy in the findings is likely due to the use of a non-fictional account and the use of the more specific Sexual Experiences Survey (SES-SFR: Koss et al., 2007) to operationalize sexual assault. This suggests that student emotional responses to potentially triggering material are likely to vary depending on the type of trauma and the nature of the content presented.
Lessons from a systematic tracing process aimed to reduce initial loss to follow-up (ILTFU) among people diagnosed with tuberculosis (TB) in Cape Town, South Africa
Authors: Vanqa Nosivuyile , Viljoen Lario , Hoddinott Graeme , Hesseling Anneke C. , Osman Muhammad , Meehan Sue-Ann 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
South Africa is a high tuberculosis (TB) burdened country. People who are newly diagnosed with TB must link to a TB treatment facility and be registered in the electronic TB notification system for ongoing care. Delays in linking to care increase the risk of disease progression, TB morbidity and mortality, and ongoing TB transmission. We describe lessons learned from a systematic tracing process aimed to support linkage to care for people diagnosed with TB.
Methods
Using the Western Cape Provincial Health Data Centre (PHDC), we identified persons newly diagnosed with TB (January-December 2020) who were not recorded as linked to care after routine linking efforts, in one peri-urban health sub-district in Cape Town, South Africa. We followed a systematic tracing process; we included visits to primary health care (PHC) facilities to verify linkage status for these persons and then home-based tracing for all people with no evidence of linkage at PHC level. We plotted our systematic process and used the PHDC to determine demographic, clinical characteristics, and linkage outcomes five months after the end of the process.
Results
Within the PHDC, 406 persons diagnosed with TB had no evidence of being linked to TB care. Verification at PHC facilities found that 153/406 (38%) had linked to care at facility level. Of the remaining 253 requiring tracing, 34 (13%) had an address outside the study area and/or no contact details. We traced 219 persons, of which 112 (51%) were found and referred to care. The remaining 107 (49%) could not be found. Overall linkage to care was 76% among those we traced and found and 72% among those we could not find.
Conclusion
Implementing a systematic tracing process was useful for understanding many of the underlying complexities around delayed linkage to care. Lessons learned showed that accurate data captured in ‘real time’ at health facilities will improve record keeping and allow for resources to be focused on patients who are truly lost to follow-up and require home-based tracing. Updated contact details will increase the opportunity of finding persons during tracing.
Understanding and assessing the spatial characteristics of drought hazard in the state of Rajasthan
Authors: Choudhary Vandana , Punia Milap , Bhattacharyya Suman 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Climate change has exposed the world to more frequent and prolonged occurrences of extreme and diverse events. The frequency of extreme dry events, such as drought, is on the rise, significantly impacting various socioeconomic sectors, especially in arid regions like the Indian state of Rajasthan. These changes in drought occurrence have far-reaching consequences on the socioeconomic landscape. In this study, using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) we examined meteorological drought characteristics in the state of Rajasthan to identify three categories of drought events (mild, moderate, and severe) at multi-temporal scales (i.e., 3-month, 6-month, and 12-month). For this monthly rainfall data for a period of 34 years (1988-2021) are used from 165 well-spread meteorological stations across the state. The results of the study reveal that the state of Rajasthan experienced frequent milder drought events, followed by moderate and extreme drought events during the study period. Our findings indicate that severe drought events predominantly occur during the months of July- September whereas moderate and mild droughts are more commonly observed during April – June. After analyzing the frequency, intensity, and duration of drought events, we created drought hazard maps at different temporal scales. The results obtained from the SPI12 hazard mapping indicate that the northern and northwestern regions, covering the districts of Jaisalmer, Jodhpur, Jaipur, Sikar, western Bikaner, Hanumangarh, and Ganganagar are the most drought-prone areas within the state. To analyze the trends in rainfall and drought events across different time scales, we conducted the nonparametric Mann-Kendall (MK) test. The results of the MK test indicated that out of the 165 stations examined, 130 stations (26 significant, p < 0.001) exhibit an increasing trend in mean annual rainfall. Conversely, 34 stations (2 significant, p < 0.001) demonstrated a decreasing trend in rainfall. In response to the increasing rainfall, drought events are found to decrease over the study period even at a shorter temporal scale (i.e., 3month-SPI) at most of the stations. Policymakers and stakeholders could benefit from the long-term drought hazard map in identifying drought-prone regions and formulating policies and programs to promote water conservation and enhance drought preparedness in the state.
The translational landscape of HIV-1 infected cells reveals novel gene regulatory principles
Authors: Caliskan Neva , Kibe Anuja , Buck Stefan , Gribling Anne-Sophie , Gilmer Orian , Pekarek Lukas , Bohn Patrick , Koch Tatyana , Mireisz Chiara Noemi-Marie , Schlosser Andreas , Erhard Florian , Smyth Redmond 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 (HIV-1) uses a number of strategies to modulate viral and host gene expression during its lifecycle. To characterize the transcriptional and translational landscape of HIV-1 infected cells, we used a combination of ribosome profiling, disome sequencing and RNA sequencing. We found that the initial host response to viral infection is translationally regulated, and subsequently gives way to transcriptomic changes as the infection progresses. We show that HIV-1 mRNAs are efficiently translated at all stages of infection, despite evidence for a substantial decrease in translational efficiency of host genes that are implicated in host cell translation. Our data also reveal novel upstream open reading frames (uORFs) within the HIV-1 5'UTR as well as internal ORFs (iORFs) within the Vif and Pol coding domains. We observed ribosomal collisions in Gag-Pol upstream of the ribosome frameshift site that we attributed to a novel RNA structural fold using RNA structural probing and single molecule optical tweezers. Antisense oligos designed to break this structure decreased frameshifting efficiency. Overall, our data highlight the complexity of HIV-1 gene regulation and provide a key resource for decoding of host-pathogen interactions upon HIV-1 infection. Furthermore, we provide evidence for a novel RNA structural fold including the frameshift site that might be promising as target for antiviral therapy.