bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neues aus dem europäischen Gentechnikrecht – Zum Vorschlag der Europäischen Kommission für eine Verordnung über mit bestimmten neuen genomischen Techniken gewonnenen Pflanzen und die aus ihnen gewonnenen Lebens- und Futtermittel
Authors: Gerhard Katharina 
Published: December 2023

ZusammenfassungDer vorliegende Beitrag beleuchtet die neusten unionsrechtlichen Entwicklungen auf dem Gebiet der
grünen Gentechnik. Er knüpft insoweit an die in NuR 2021, 812ff. dargestellte Diskussion über
den Einsatz neuer Techniken in der Pflanzenzüchtung an. Im Mittelpunkt des Beitrags steht die Analyse
und Bewertung des im Juli 2023 vorgestellten Kommissionsvorschlags für eine Verordnung über mit
neuen genomischen Techniken gewonnenen Pflanzen und deren Erzeugnisse.
Searching for new agents against Enterobacteriaceae from nature: approaches, potential plant species, isolated compounds, and their respective properties
Authors: Masota Nelson E. , Zehe Markus , Vogg Gerd , Ohlsen Knut , Meinel Lorenz , Holzgrabe Ulrike 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe rising trend of antibiotic-resistant infections around the world and the low antimicrobials development pipeline volume are necessitating continued efforts in the search for novel treatment options. The prominent success from fungi and bacteria as sources of antibiotics has long motivated widespread efforts in the search for antibacterial compounds from other natural sources including plants. This review aimed at appraising the approaches and outcomes from studies commissioned to evaluate the antibacterial activities of crude plant extracts and phytochemicals. Notably, the existing traditional practices provided the greatest motivation in screening for antibacterial properties of plants, whereby the need to validate ethnomedically reported potentials formed a crucial objective. Moreover, choices of experimental techniques to address different objectives were largely dependent on the prevailing access to resources, facilities, and technical skills. The lack of streamlined guidelines dedicated to testing of crude plant extracts have resulted into broad methodological variations and lack of a standardized classification system for antibacterial activities exhibited by plant extracts. Furthermore, libraries of 128 extracts from different plant species and 122 phytochemicals substantially active against the Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were assembled. This enabled the elucidation of existing patterns between the Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) and studied plant families, plant tissues, extractants, phytochemical classes, as well as the rules of drug-likeness, penetration and accumulation. The insights provided in this review will potentially impart the ongoing efforts with improved experimental designs, inspire ideas for further studies and contribute to successful hunting for new antibacterial chemical scaffolds via in silico approaches.
Graphical abstract
Retinal Organoids: A Next-Generation Platform for High-Throughput Drug Discovery
Authors: Zhao Hongkun , Yan Fei 
Published: December 2023

AbstractRetinal diseases are leading causes of blindness globally. Developing new drugs is of great significance for preventing vision loss. Current drug discovery relies mainly on two-dimensional in vitro models and animal models, but translation to human efficacy and safety is biased. In recent years, the emergence of retinal organoid technology platforms, utilizing three-dimensional microenvironments to better mimic retinal structure and function, has provided new platforms for exploring pathogenic mechanisms and drug screening. This review summarizes the latest advances in retinal organoid technology, emphasizing its application advantages in high-throughput drug screening, efficacy and toxicity evaluation, and translational medicine research. The review also prospects the combination of emerging technologies such as organ-on-a-chip, 3D bioprinting, single cell sequencing, gene editing with retinal organoid technology, which is expected to further optimize retinal organoid models and advance the diagnosis and treatment of retinal diseases.
Fringing reef growth in the Mid-Devonian: An example from the southern Rhenish Massif, Germany
Authors: Königshof Peter , Flick Heiner 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe Givetian Balduinstein Reef developed upon mixed felsic lavas and volcaniclastic tuffs. The Givetian age of the reef is proven by conodonts (Polygnathus rhenanus/varcus Zone to the Polygnathus ansatus Zone) and the occurrence of the brachiopod Stringocephalus burtini. Remains of land plants and subaerially ejected volcanic bombs in the vicinity of the outcrops document that the volcano was an emerged island surrounded by a fringing reef in an unstable tectonic environment. Reef development is characterised by a complex interaction of volcanism, erosion and the rate and pattern of sea-level change, which resulted in a variety of facies settings and rock-types. Microfacies analysis and rock-types prove that the fringing reef was backed by a shallow lagoon. A lime mudstone/alkali rhyolitic breccia represents a lava flow, or more probably a dome collapse breccia, which flowed into the lagoonal mud and confirms a contemporaneous occurrence of volcanism and reef growth. Reefs flourished during several episodes of inactivity of the volcano, particularly in the upper part of the sections, suggesting that the reef development kept up with sea-level changes and/or local events. Lithofacies of the upper part of the youngest section point to a regressive phase. The distinctive depositional architecture and evolution of the Balduinstein Reef are interpreted as having been controlled mainly by regional tectonics and volcanism with contributions from eustasy.
Early Cretaceous Equisetites from Slovakia
Authors: Kvaček Jiří , Čerňanský Andrej 
Published: December 2023

AbstractA new find of terrestrial plant Equisetites cf. lyellii is reported from the Early Cretaceous of Slovakia. It comes from the Mráznica Formation of the Rajec Basin in Fatricum, Zbyňov locality, Rajecké Teplice (Žilina district). The presence of a 53 mm long horsetail axis provides good evidence of terrestrial environments during sedimentation of the studied strata. According to our interpretation, such a plant strongly indicates a moist to wet habitat (even swampy environments) on the presumed dryland from where it was transported. This dryland could represent an isolated unknown small island(s) in the vicinity, or the Vindelician-Bohemian Massif that was active as a dryland for the entire period of time from the Triassic through the Late Cretaceous. However, the exact palaeogeographic position of the Fatricum during the Mesozoic in relation to the Vindelician Landmass is not entirely clear, and such an interpretation needs a bit of caution.
Time Management, Fluid Intelligence and Academic Achievement
Authors: Romero Miriam , Casadevante Cristina , Santacreu José 
Published: December 2023

AbstractTime management and fluid intelligence have been studied in relation to academic success. Traditionally, fluid intelligence has been measured using performance tests (also called objective tests) meanwhile time management has been measured using self-reports. However, self-reports can be affected by bias and sometimes participant’s responses are inaccurate. To address this limitation, we employed objective tests to measure both fluid intelligence (using the TRASI test) and time management (using the My Schedule test) to investigate their relation to academic grades. The sample consisted of 120 university students. Results indicate a positive relation between time management and fluid intelligence. Fluid intelligence is positively related to grades in mathematics. Time management is positively related to mathematics, physics and chemistry grades. While the present study does not establish causality, the results complement prior research and underscore the significance of time management and fluid intelligence in the academic context.
Is it possible to differentiate pulmonary sarcoidosis in tumor patients and pulmonary lymphangitic carcinomatosis caused by extrapulmonary tumors on 18F-FDG PET/CT images?
Authors: Ji Yu , Wang Yaru , Jiang Jie , Chen Min , Xiao Juan , Dai Zhengjun , Zheng Jingsong 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Pulmonary sarcoidosis (PS) and pulmonary lymphangitic carcinomatosis (PLC) can be complications in tumor patients, and both involve the pulmonary interstitium and have similar imaging findings. Our objective was to distinguish PS and PLC on 18F-FDG PET/CT images.

Material and methods
The authors reviewed 18F-FDG PET/CT data of PS and PLC, diagnosed based on histopathology and imaging, in patients with tumors from July 2015 to January 2023. Three independent readers performed a blinded comparative analysis of 18F-FDG PET/CT signs in all patients. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to establish a differential diagnosis model.

Results
A total of 114 patients were included in the study: 56 patients with PS (mean age, 56 ± 11 [SD] years; 10 men) and 58 patients with PLC caused by extrapulmonary tumors (mean age, 51 ± 11 [SD] years; 21 men). For PS, breast cancer and cervical cancer were the most common primary tumors. For PLC, breast cancer and gastric cancer were the most common extrapulmonary tumors. The model constructed using multivariate logistic regression consisted of five factors: area of lymph node involvement, bronchovascular bundle diffuse thickening, interlobular septal thickening, pleural effusion, and subpleural hypermetabolic activity. The area under the model characteristic curve was 0.973 (95% CI 0.925–0.994), with a sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative likelihood ratios of 87.50%, 98.28%, 50.75 and 0.13 respectively.

Conclusion
There are detailed differences in 18F-FDG PET/CT manifestations of PS in tumor patients and PLC caused by extrapulmonary tumors, and the constructed diagnostic model has high clinical application value in differentiating the two.
In situ environmental conditions and molecular identification of the photosymbiotic marine worm Symsagittifera roscoffensis
Authors: Thomas Nathan J. , Tang Kam W. , Coates Christopher J. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractKnown as the Roscoff worm or mint-sauce worm, Symsagittifera roscoffensis is an Acoel distinguishable due to the presence of symbiotic alga Tetraselmis convolutae, held beneath the epidermis. Isolated populations of S. roscoffensis span a broad geographical range along the north-eastern Atlantic coast, from Wales to Portugal. The only known population of the worm in the United Kingdom was discovered in Wales decades ago, but very little research has been conducted since. For 13 months, we measured how environmental conditions such as temperature, salinity and light intensity coincided with population size at the Welsh field site. To establish phylogenetic relationships among the different populations and their algal symbionts, we designed new polymerase chain reaction (PCR) oligonucleotides to assess the nucleotide diversity of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I subunit (COI) gene in gDNA extracted from representative worms across their known range (Wales, France, Portugal, Spain, and Guernsey). We also targeted the 18S rRNA gene of their algal symbiont, Tetraselmis convolutae. We observed temporal shifts in environmental factors coinciding with fluctuating worm colony size, notably temperature. Based on the molecular data, the worm exhibited different ecotypes across locations, while the algal symbiont showed little genetic variation.
Kortere operatieduur ongeacht hardheid van de steen met thulium fiber laser versus Holmium:YAG-laser
Authors: Michiels Timo , Niemeijer Anuschka S. , Poerink Jaap G. H. 
Published: December 2023

SamenvattingVoor endoscopisch laseren van nier- en ureterstenen is de holmium:yttrium-aluminium-garnet (Ho:YAG) laser de gouden standaard, maar de thulium fiber laser (TFL) is in opkomst. Deze retrospectieve studie heeft als doel de effectiviteit van TFL te vergelijken met Ho:YAG. Bij 204 ureterorenoscopieën (URS) werden operatieduur, invloed van hardheid van stenen, peroperatief gebruik van een basket, postoperatief stenten en complicatierisico vergeleken. Uitkomsten werden univariaat en multivariaat geanalyseerd. De behandelde stenen in de TFL groep blijken significant harder dan in de Ho:YAG groep. Hiervoor werd gecorrigeerd en de operatieduur bij TFL blijkt 19 minuten korter (p = 0,033). Baskets waren significant minder vaak nodig in de TFL-groep dan in de Ho:YAG-groep. Operatieduur bij gebruik van TFL blijkt onafhankelijk van de hardheid van de steen; bij Ho:YAG neemt bij toename van de hardheid de operatieduur echter toe. Deze resultaten versterken de toenemende voorkeur voor endoscopische lithotripsie middels TFL, specifiek voor hardere stenen.
A meta-learning network method for few-shot multi-class classification problems with numerical data
Authors: Wu Lang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe support vector machine (SVM) method is an important basis of the current popular multi-class classification (MCC) methods and requires a sufficient number of samples. In the case of a limited number of samples, the problem of over-learning easily occurs, resulting in unsatisfactory classification. Therefore, this work investigates an MCC method that requires only a small number of samples. During model construction, raw data are converted into two-dimensional form via preprocessing. Via feature extraction, the learning network is measured and the loss function minimization principle is considered to better solve the problem of learning based on a small sample. Finally, three examples are provided to illustrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Quantitative Modelling in Stem Cell Biology and Beyond: How to Make Best Use of It
Authors: Greulich Philip 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Purpose of Review
This article gives a broad overview of quantitative modelling approaches in biology and provides guidance on how to employ them to boost stem cell research, by helping to answer biological questions and to predict the outcome of biological processes.

Recent Findings
The twenty-first century has seen a steady increase in the proportion of cell biology publications employing mathematical modelling to aid experimental research. However, quantitative modelling is often used as a rather decorative element to confirm experimental findings, an approach which often yields only marginal added value, and is in many cases scientifically questionable.

Summary
Quantitative modelling can boost biological research in manifold ways, but one has to take some careful considerations before embarking on a modelling campaign, in order to maximise its added value, to avoid pitfalls that may lead to wrong results, and to be aware of its fundamental limitations, imposed by the risks of over-fitting and “universality”.
Ecotoxicology of magnesium-based explosive: impact on animal and human food chain
Authors: Giri Arup , Bharti Vijay K. , Garai Purabi , Singh K. P. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe previous few decades have seen widespread environmental exposure to munitions and explosives systems in and around war and weapon testing ranges. Most contemporary warheads use explosives to launch metal shards and charge jets to destroy targets. Presently, Warheads with improved blast performance and shelf life are manufactured using technologies with improved blast performance; among them, plastic-bonded explosives (PBX) have emerged as one of the most promising high explosives for use in various ammunition warheads. The hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) binder-based PBX has metals like aluminium (Al) and magnesium (Mg) to improve munitions performance by boosting blast pressure. Further, magnesium hydride and other derivatives are commonly added to energetic formulations to enhance the heat of explosion of aluminized explosives and to improve burn rate of certain propellants. So, explosions of these warheads and munitions leave thick fumes and residues in the battlefield soil, which release toxic chemicals, including magnesium, into the air, water, and soil. Later on, magnesium metal contamination negatively impacts the environment and food chain. Hence, magnesium toxicity in the environment, including soil, water, plants, and animals, is the subject of this research and a significant concern to animal and human health. Until now, enough literature has been unavailable; hence, this review brings knowledge on the ecotoxicology of magnesium-based explosives and their possible alarming effects on animal and human health by affecting the food chain.
Exploitation of tolerance to drought stress in carrot (Daucus carota L.): an overview
Authors: Junaid Muhammad Daniyal , Öztürk Zahide Neslihan , Gökçe Ali Fuat 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDrought stress is a significant environmental factor that adversely affects the growth and development of carrot (Daucus carota L.), resulting in reduced crop yields and quality. Drought stress induces a range of physiological and biochemical changes in carrots, including reduced germination, hindered cell elongation, wilting, and disrupted photosynthetic efficiency, ultimately leading to stunted growth and decreased root development. Recent research has focused on understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying carrot's response to drought stress, identifying key genes and transcription factors involved in drought tolerance. Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses have provided insights into the regulatory networks and signaling pathways involved in drought stress adaptation. Among biochemical processes, water scarcity alters carrot antioxidant levels, osmolytes, and hormones. This review provides an overview of the effects of drought stress on carrots and highlights recent advances in drought stress-related studies on this crop. Some recent advances in understanding the effects of drought stress on carrots and developing strategies for drought stress mitigation are crucial for ensuring sustainable carrot production in the face of changing climate conditions. However, understanding the mechanisms underlying the plant's response to drought stress is essential for developing strategies to improve its tolerance to water scarcity and ensure food security in regions affected by drought.
Liquid-liquid phase separation as a major mechanism of plant abiotic stress sensing and responses
Authors: Liu Xin , Zhu Jian-Kang , Zhao Chunzhao 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIdentification of environmental stress sensors is one of the most important research topics in plant abiotic stress research. Traditional strategies to identify stress sensors or early signaling components based on the cell membrane as a primary site of sensing and calcium signal as a second messenger have had only limited successes. Therefore, the current theoretical framework underlying stress sensing in plants should be reconsidered and additional mechanisms need to be introduced. Recently, accumulating evidence has emerged to suggest that liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) is a major mechanism for environmental stress sensing and response in plants. In this review, we briefly introduce LLPS regarding its concept, compositions, and dynamics, and then summarize recent progress of LLPS research in plants, emphasizing the contribution of LLPS to the sensing of various environmental stresses, such as dehydration, osmotic stress, and low and high temperatures. Finally, we propose strategies to identify key proteins that sense and respond to environmental stimuli on the basis of LLPS, and discuss the research directions of LLPS in plant abiotic stress responses and its potential application in enhancing stress tolerance in crops.
Prevalence of Undiagnosed Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Symptoms in the Young Adult Population of the United Arab Emirates: A National Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Al-Yateem Nabeel , Slewa-Younan Shameran , Halimi Aram , Saeed Sara Aideed , Tliti Daniah , Mohammad Muna , Ridwan Mada , Zeidan Razan , Hammash Muna Hasan , Ahmed Fatma Refaat , Dias Jacqueline Maria , Rahman Syed Azizur , Subu Muhammad Arsyad , Hijazi Heba , Yeganeh Fatemeh , Momani Aaliyah , Zandi Mitra , Mottershead Richard 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a globally prevalent behavioural disorder, remains underdiagnosed, particularly among adults. This issue is exacerbated in the Arab region due to stigma and insufficient healthcare facilities and professionals. Despite the United Arab Emirates (UAE) efforts to improve mental healthcare, shortcomings persist. No studies in the UAE currently assesses the appropriateness of the screening system for ADHD and other behavioural issues. Furthermore, prevalence rates of ADHD, particularly within the young adult population, are absent.

Aim
To estimate the prevalence of ADHD amongst young adults attending university in UAE and examine its relationship with gender and academic outcomes.

Methods
A cross-sectional, correlational design was used. Young adults in their first year at university were recruited from different academic institutions across the UAE. The study utilized the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) for data collection.

Results
A sample of 406 young adults, aged between 18 and 20 years of age were recruited. Approximately, 34.7% (n = 141) reported symptoms suggestive of probable ADHD. Significantly lower grade point average marks were observed in participants with ADHD symptoms (M = 3.15) compared to those without (M = 3.35). Females reported symptoms of probable ADHD at higher rates than males, indicating possibly a potential screening deficiency and a potential stigma consequence.

Conclusions
The study demonstrates a high prevalence of probable ADHD in young adults, particularly among females attending university in the United Arab Emirates. Implications for early screening, service provision, and greater professional health training on this disorder are required.
Operational demonstration and experimental characterisation of a central cathode electrostatic thruster equipped with a high temperature superconducting magnet
Authors: Acheson Chris R. , Glowacki Jakub , Nakano Ryota , Maeshima Daiki , Saile Dominik , Pavri Betina , Takagi Ryohei , Mori Ryoyu , Pollock Randy , Olatunji Jamal R. , Goddard-Winchester Max , Strickland Nicholas M. , Ichihara Daisuke , Wimbush Stuart C. , Kinefuchi Kiyoshi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractInterplanetary transport of payloads of unprecedented mass, as envisaged beyond the lunar gateway, will require thrusters with high specific impulse as well as high thrust. To achieve this, innovations in propulsion are critical. Many classes of electric thruster utilise a magnetic applied field module to accelerate charged particles. Magnetoplasmadynamic thrusters exhibit improved performance with increasing field, at least up to the limit of around 0.5 T able to be provided by permanent magnets or copper electromagnets. However, superconducting magnets can generate much stronger magnetic fields. In this study, we utilised a space-relevant cryocooled high temperature superconducting magnet as the applied field module for a central cathode electrostatic thruster (CC-EST). A convex anode enabled ignition at high magnetic fields, and in this configuration the thruster’s performance was characterised in the power range of 1 kW to 2.5 kW and at steady applied fields ranging from 0.6 T to 0.8 T, representing a significant advance in achievable field strength. In combination, these operating parameters enabled the achievement of a magnet-inclusive thruster efficiency of 19%, while the cryocooled magnet was demonstrated to be thermally stable in the presence of the kW-scale plasma, demonstrating the viability of such a design for space flight applications.