bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CBT for psychosis: A qualitative analysis of clients' experiences
Authors: Messari Sophia , Hallam Richard 
Published: June 2003

Objectives: The study explored clients' understanding and experience of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) for psychosis.Design: Four inpatients and one outpatient who received CBT for psychosis were interviewed following a semi‐structured format, designed for the purpose of the study.Method: The transcribed interviews were analysed using discourse analytic methods and focused in particular on the way clients positioned themselves in relation to their therapists. The consistencies and contradictions within clients' accounts were also examined.Results: The following discourses are described: ‘This is truly lsquo’, ‘I am ill’, ‘CBT as an educational process’, ‘CBT as a respectful relationship between equals’, ‘CBT as a healing process’ and ‘CBT participation as compliance with the powerful medical establishment’. Three of the participants switched throughout the interview between insisting that their experiences were true and accepting that they were ill and in need of treatment. With one exception, all highlighted the value of the educational component of therapy. Two participants showed an awareness that their therapist was trying to convince them that their experiences were not true but presented this as educational rather than coercive. Most participants emphasized the value of a trusting and respectful therapeutic relationship. One client presented therapy as unhelpful and described it only in terms of his passive compliance with the powerful medical establishment.Conclusions: The study throws light on the experience of receiving CBT for psychosis and points to some of the therapeutic process variables worthy of consideration in clinical practice and future research.
Staff reactions to self‐injurious behaviours in learning disability services: Attributions, emotional responses and helping
Authors: Jones Cheryl , Hastings Richard P. 
Published: June 2003

Objectives: The aim of the study was to explore an amended version of Weiner's (e.g. Weiner, 1980) helping behaviour model potentially more specific to the context of care staff working with people with learning disabilities and challenging behaviours.Design: Key elements of the helping model (causal attributions, affective responses, and helping behaviour) were assessed using self‐report questionnaires. In contrast to previous research, helping behaviour was conceptualized as behaviour more or less likely to reinforce challenging behaviours rather than as willingness to expend extra effort in helping. Furthermore, dimensions of positive and negative affect associated with challenging behaviour were used.Method: A total of 123 care staff in adult services viewed one of two videos depicting a person with learning disabilities engaging in self‐injurious behaviour. Information about the behaviour's function was manipulated in order to assess reinforcing staff helping responses. Staff completed self‐report scales immediately after viewing the video material.Results: There was very little evidence for the predicted associations between causal attributions and both positive and negative affect, and only one significant association between affect and reinforcing helping responses. Given this lack of association, we did not fully test Weiner's prediction that affect would mediate the impact of causal attributions on helping.Conclusions: We found no evidence that Weiner's helping model can be amended to account for staff working with challenging behaviour. Close examination of previous studies also reveals very few supportive data of Weiner's original formulation. Therefore, we discuss the potential utility of alternative models in addition to methodological and conceptual issues.
Which pathological gamblers will complete treatment?
Authors: Leblond Jean , Ladouceur Robert , Blaszczynski Alex 
Published: June 2003

Objective: The study examined the characteristics of pathological gamblers who complete treatment, compared with those who terminate treatment prematurely.Design: Two comparison groups comprising treatment completers and drop‐outs.Methods: In all, 112 pathological gamblers who undertook a cognitive treatment programme for gambling were compared on different variables.Results: A high score on impulsivity at intake significantly differentiated those participants who dropped out from treatment completers. There were no differences on socio‐demographic and gambling‐related characteristics, depression, anxiety, problem‐solving skills and alcohol use.Conclusions: These data implicate impulsivity as a significant factor in treatment drop‐outs.
Thought‐action fusion and schizotypy in undergraduate students
Authors: Muris Peter , Merckelbach Harald 
Published: June 2003

Objective: To examine the relationship between thought‐action fusion (TAF) and schizotypy.Method: In two separate samples of undergraduate students (Ns = 77 and 64), correlations were computed between a measure of TAF and indices of schizotypy and fantasy proneness.Results: Positive correlations were found between TAF and various aspects of schizotypy (i.e. perceptual aberration, magical ideation, schizotypal personality characteristics, disposition to hallucinate). However, correlations between TAF and schizotypy no longer attained significance when controlling for fantasy proneness.Conclusion: At least in the non‐clinical population, the connection between TAF and schizotypy seems to be a by‐product of fantasy‐prone individuals' tendency to report unusual experiences.
Paroxetine Controlled Release in the Treatment of Menopausal Hot Flashes
Authors: Stearns Vered , Beebe Katherine L. , Iyengar Malini , Dube Eric 
Published: June 2003

ContextStandard therapy for hot flashes has been hormone replacement with estradiol or progestational agents, but recent data suggest that antidepressants inhibiting serotonin reuptake may also be effective.ObjectiveTo evaluate a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (paroxetine controlled release [CR]) in treating the vasomotor symptoms displayed by a general cross-section of menopausal women.Design and SettingRandomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group study conducted across 17 US sites, including urban, suburban, and rural clinics.PatientsA total of 165 menopausal women aged 18 years or older experiencing at least 2 to 3 daily hot flashes and must have discontinued any hormone replacement therapy for at least 6 weeks. Women were excluded if they had any signs of active cancer or were undergoing chemotherapy or radiation therapy.InterventionAfter a 1-week placebo run-in phase, study participants were randomized to receive placebo or receive 12.5 mg/d or 25.0 mg/d of paroxetine CR (in a 1:1:1 ratio) for 6 weeks.Main Outcome MeasuresMean change from baseline to week 6 in the daily hot flash composite score (frequency × severity).ResultsFifty-six participants were randomly assigned to receive placebo and 51 to receive 12.5 mg/d and 58 to receive 25.0 mg/d of paroxetine CR. The mean reductions in the hot flash frequency composite score from baseline to week 6 were statistically significantly greater for those receiving paroxetine CR than for those receiving placebo. By week 6, the mean daily hot flash frequency went from 7.1 to 3.8 (mean reduction, 3.3) for those in the 12.5-mg/d and from 6.4 to 3.2 (mean reduction, 3.2) for those in the 25-mg/d paroxetine CR groups and from 6.6 to 4.8 (mean reduction, 1.8) for those in the placebo group. Mean placebo-adjusted reduction in hot flash composite scores were −4.7 (95% confidence interval, − 8.1 to −1.3; P = .007) comparing 12.5-mg/d paroxetine CR with placebo; and −3.6 (95% confidence interval, −6.8 to −0.4; P = .03) comparing 25.0-mg/d paroxetine CR with placebo. This corresponded to median reductions of 62.2% for those in the 12.5-mg/d and 64.6% for those in the 25.0-mg/d paroxetine CR groups compared with 37.8% for those in the placebo group.ConclusionParoxetine CR may be an effective and acceptable alternative to hormone replacement and other therapies in treating menopausal hot flash symptoms.
Novel Chromogenic Esters of ortho‐Phenylazonaphthols
Authors: Kocher C. , Weder C. , Smith P. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractWe have prepared the photo‐labile benzoic acid esters and the acid‐labile tert‐butoxycarbonyl esters of Sudan I and Sudan Red B, two representatives of the ortho‐phenylazonaphthol dye family, exhibiting hydroxyazo–hydrazone tautomerism with the hydrazone as the strongly favored form. The chromophores obtained are “locked” in an exclusive azo configuration and exhibit absorbance spectra which are dramatically blue‐shifted (more than 100 nm) and have strongly reduced extinction coefficients when compared to their parent chromophores. Thus, the esters of the orange dye Sudan I exhibit an absorption maximum in the ultraviolet (UV) regime, and the esters of the red dye Sudan Red B appear yellow. Depending on the nature of the ester moiety, by irradiation with UV light or by exposure to preferentially photochemically released acidic species at elevated temperatures, these esters can be reverted to the parent, highly tinctured Sudan I and Sudan Red B, respectively. Unlike conventional chromogenic systems, these dyes are compatible with melt‐processible polymers and do not require any wet‐chemical development. In polymer films comprised of these chromogenic dyes, color patterns can be produced directly by masked irradiation. We here report on the synthesis, spectral properties, and conversion kinetics of these novel chromogenic dyes, which may be potentially suitable for marking and labeling goods in a lithographic process and for optical data storage and sensing applications.
The Transient Phase of Amorphous Calcium Carbonate in Sea Urchin Larval Spicules: The Involvement of Proteins and Magnesium Ions in Its Formation and Stabilization
Authors: Raz S. , Hamilton P.C. , Wilt F.H. , Weiner S. , Addadi L. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractAmorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) is a precursor phase of calcite in the formation of the sea urchin larval spicule. The goal of this research is to study the formation and stabilization mode of this transient phase. We first characterized the mineralogy of the spicules from the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. We then examined the role of the macromolecules extracted from the spicules at different growth stages in the formation of transient ACC in vitro.The biogenic amorphous transient phase is shown to be both structurally and compositionally different from the known stable ACC phases. It does not contain bound water, and is thus the first dehydrated ACC phase to be detected. The macromolecules that were extracted at early stages of spicule growth, when the amorphous content of the biogenic mineral is high, induced the formation of transient ACC in vitro in the presence of magnesium ions. In contrast, the macromolecules extracted at a later stage, when the spicules are completely crystalline, induced the formation of single crystals of low magnesian calcite. We therefore deduce that the macromolecules from the sea urchin larval spicules together with magnesium ions, mediate the transient formation of ACC as a precursor to calcite. These observations may well provide novel ideas for improved materials synthesis.
Medial temporal lobe dysgenesis in Muenke syndrome and hypochondroplasia
Authors: Grosso Salvatore , Farnetani Maria Angela , Berardi Rosario , Bartalini Gabriella , Carpentieri Marilisa , Galluzzi Paolo , Mostardini Rosa , Morgese Guido , Balestri Paolo 
Published: June 2003

AbstractHypochondroplasia (HCH) and Muenke syndrome (MS) are caused by mutations on FGFR3 gene. FGFR3 is known to play a role in controlling nervous system development. We describe the clinical and neuroradiological findings of the first two patients, to our knowledge, affected by HCH and MS, respectively, in whom bilateral dysgenesis of the medial temporal lobe structures has been observed. In both patients diagnosis was confirmed by molecular analysis. They were mentally normal and showed similarities in early‐onset temporal lobe‐related seizures. In both patients EEG recorded bilateral temporal region discharges. MRI detected temporal lobe anomalies with inadequate differentiation between white and gray matter, defective gyri, and abnormally shaped hippocampus. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Haplotype analysis of the growth hormone releasing hormone receptor locus in three apparently unrelated kindreds from the indian subcontinent with the identical mutation in the GHRH receptor
Authors: Wajnrajch Michael P. , Gertner Joseph M. , Sokoloff Alisa S. , Ten Irina , Harbison Madeleine D. , Netchine Irène , Maheshwari Hiralal G. , Goldstein David B. , Amselem Serge , Baumann Gerhard , Leibel Rudolph L. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThe growth hormone releasing hormone receptor (GHRHR) plays a critical role in growth. We identified three nominally unrelated kindreds harboring the identical mutation (E72X) in GHRHR, the gene that encodes GHRHR; all three families originated in the Indian subcontinent. Because of the relative geographic proximity of these populations, we employed haplotype analysis in the region of GHRHR to determine the likelihood that this mutation occurred in a common ancestor rather than having occurred on separate occasions in different individuals. Members of all three kindreds segregating the E72X mutation were genotyped for highly polymorphic dinucleotide repeat microsatellites in a 15.5 centimorgan (cM) region around GHRHR on chromosome 7p15. We conclude that the affected individuals share a common ancestor, and we use the association with linked markers to estimate the age of this unique mutation. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sialic acid storage disease of the Salla phenotype in American monozygous twin female sibs
Authors: Martin Rick A. , Slaugh Rachel , Natowicz Marvin , Pearlman Kayla , Orvisky Eduard , Krasnewich Donna , Kleta Robert , Huizing Marjan , Gahl William A. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractSalla disease, one of three disease phenotypes that manifest increased urinary excretion of unconjugated sialic acid, is an autosomal recessive condition caused by a mutation in SLC17A5. This gene encodes sialin, a lysosomal membrane transporter for sialic acid. Salla disease is rare outside of individuals of Finnish ancestry. In this report we describe the disorder in non‐Finnish monozygous twin siblings, the first reported American cases of Salla disease. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mutational analysis of the β‐ and δ‐sarcoglycan genes in a large number of patients with familial and sporadic dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Sylvius Nicolas , Duboscq‐Bidot Laetitia , Bouchier Christiane , Charron Philippe , Benaiche Abdelaziz , Sébillon Pascale , Komajda Michel , Villard Eric 
Published: June 2003

AbstractDilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is defined by ventricular dilatation associated with impaired contractile function. Approximately one‐third of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy cases are due to inherited gene mutations. Mutations in the β‐ and δ‐sarcoglycan genes have been described in limb girdle muscular dystrophy and/or isolated DCM. In this study, the aim was to investigate the prevalence of these genes in isolated DCM. We screened these two genes for mutations in 99 unrelated patients with sporadic or familial DCM. The coding exon and intron‐exon boundaries of each gene were amplified by polymerase chain reaction. Mutation analyses were performed by single‐strand conformation polymorphism for the β‐sarcoglycan gene and by direct sequencing for the δ‐sarcoglycan gene. New polymorphisms, as well as already described ones, were found in these two genes, but none appeared to be responsible for dilated cardiomyopathy. We, therefore, conclude that these genes are not responsible for idiopathic isolated dilated cardiomyopathy in our population. Furthermore, based on previously published and present data, we could estimate the prevalence of δ‐sarcoglycan gene mutations to be less than 1% in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, demonstrating that this gene is only marginally implicated in the disease.
Glutathione S‐transferase mu null genotype affords protection against alcohol induced chronic pancreatitis
Authors: Verlaan Mariette , te Morsche René H.M. , Roelofs Hennie M.J. , Laheij Robert J.F. , Jansen Jan B.M.J. , Peters Wilbert H.M. , Drenth Joost P.H. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractGlutathione S‐transferases (GSTs) play critical roles in providing protection against electrophiles and products of oxidative stress, by catalysing the formation of glutathione conjugates and by eliminating peroxides. Most extensively studied are four main families of human cytosolic GST: GSTAlpha(A), GSTMu(M), GSTPi(P) and GSTTheta(T). Absence of GSTM1 or GSTT1 can be attributed to absence of the GSTM1 or GSTT1 gene products (null genotype) in approximately 50% and 20% of the Caucasian population, respectively. We investigated whether polymorphisms in the GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 genes modified the risk for chronic pancreatitis (CP). DNA samples were obtained from 142 adult CP patients with alcoholic (n = 79), hereditary (n = 21) or idiopathic (n = 42) origin. DNA from 204 healthy controls and from 57 alcoholic controls was analysed for comparison. Patients and controls were all of Caucasian origin. Genetic polymorphisms in GSTs were determined by PCR, eventually followed by restriction‐fragment‐length‐polymorphism analyses in all subjects. The rates of GSTT1 and GSTP1 genotypes did not differ between CP patients and healthy controls. However, GSTM1 null genotypes were significantly less common in alcoholic CP patients (OR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.33–0.95) as compared to healthy controls and to alcoholic controls (OR = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.26–1.04). Age‐ and sex‐adjustment bolstered our finding (adjusted OR = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.26–0.89). The frequency of the GSTM1 null genotype is significantly lower in alcoholic CP patients, especially young female. This suggests that GSTM1 null alcohol users, particularly young female, are less susceptible to CP. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genetic heterogeneity of peroxisome biogenesis disorders among Japanese patients: Evidence for a founder haplotype for the most common PEX10 gene mutation
Authors: Shimozawa Nobuyuki , Nagase Tomoko , Takemoto Yasuhiko , Ohura Toshihiro , Suzuki Yasuyuki , Kondo Naomi 
Published: June 2003

AbstractWe, as the only diagnostic center for peroxisome biogenesis disorders (PBD) in Japan, identified a total of 31 Japanese patients with PBD during the last 20 years. They were 27 patients with Zellweger syndrome (ZS), including two sib cases, three with neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy (NALD) and one with rhizomelic type chondrodysplasia punctata (RCDP). No patient with infantile Refsum disease has been detected. These patients were genetically subdivided into complementation group A (five ZS and one NALD), B (11 ZS), C (four ZS), E (five ZS and two NALD), F (two ZS), and R (one RCDP). They were subjected to mutation analysis of PEX1, PEX2, PEX6, PEX7, and PEX10. All the 11 ZS patients with group‐B PBD had a common mutation, i.e., a homozygous 2‐base‐pair deletion in PEX10. To determine whether this highly frequent mutation is due to a founder effect, we analyzed single nucleotide polymorphisms within PEX10 among patients and Japanese controls. The mutation apparently arose once on an ancestral chromosome in the Japanese population. Based on the value of 24 PBD patients identified during the last 10 years, we estimated the prevalence of PBD in Japan to be approximately one in 500,000 births. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mechanisms of monozygotic (MZ) twinning: A possible role for the cell adhesion molecule, E‐cadherin
Authors: Bamforth Fiona , Brown Lindsay , Senz Janine , Huntsman David 
Published: June 2003

AbstractMonozygotic (MZ) twins account for about one‐third of all twins. Most MZ twins arise sporadically but there are familial occurrences. The causes of MZ twinning are largely speculative but involve both genetic and environmental factors. Genetic factors could include cell adhesion molecules and factors involved in growth and differentiation of the placenta and fetus. In this study, we examine the possible role of E‐cadherin, a cell adhesion molecule, in the causation of twinning. A common polymorphism in the E‐cadherin gene reduces expression of E‐cadherin by up to 68%. We examined the E‐cadherin polymorphism in DNA extracted from placental tissue from 121 MZ twins, 99 DZ twins, and 93 singletons. There was no significant difference in the distribution of the E‐cadherin polymorphism in MZ twins although there was a slight over‐representation of homozygotes for the polymorphism in MZ twins. We conclude that there is insufficient evidence to suggest that decreased E‐cadherin expression alone is a causative factor in MZ twinning but it could be a contributory factor along with other genetic and environmental influences. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prenatal diagnosis of mosaic tetrasomy 8p
Authors: Le Bris Marie‐Josée , Marcorelles Pascale , Audrézet Marie‐Pierre , Parent Philippe , Heren Patrick , Le Guern Hélène , Herry Angèle , Morel Fréderic , Collet Michel , Férec Claude , De Braekeleer Marc 
Published: June 2003

AbstractTetrasomy 8p is a rare chromosomal disorder that has only been detected in a mosaic form. At the present time, 11 cases have been reported; their phenotype included agenesis of the corpus callosum, enlarged ventricles, minor facial dysmorphism, rib and vertebral anomalies, and mild to moderate developmental delay. To the best of our knowledge, tetrasomy 8p has never been prenatally diagnosed. This 43‐year‐old woman was referred for amniocentesis at 20 weeks' gestation because of advanced maternal age. Amniotic fluid cells were cultured according to standard techniques by the in situ method. A supernumerary chromosomal marker was detected in a single clone of cultured amniotic cells and interpreted by RHG banding as an isochromosome of the short arm of chromosome 8 (i(8p)). The ultrasound investigation at 27 weeks gestation revealed enlarged ventricles and agenesis of the corpus callosum, which were confirmed at fetal autopsy after medical termination of the pregnancy. Chromosomal analyses, including RHG banding and FISH, of several tissues showed different levels of i(8p) mosaicism. Whereas no i(8p) was detected on cytotrophoblast nor additional amniotic fluid cells, 97% and 30% of cells from long‐term cultures of placenta and lymphocytes, respectively, had the i(8p). Using DNA markers, the isochromosome 8p was interpreted as the result of a prezygotic event during maternal meiosis. Our findings suggest that the i(8p) is the subject of tissue selection. Tetrasomy 8p might be underdiagnosed during pregnancy; therefore, karyotyping on a fetal blood sample following detection of agenesis of the corpus callosum when no chromosomal abnormality has been found on the amniotic fluid cell cultures should be discussed with the parents. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.