bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Involvement of the cerebellum in semantic discrimination: An fMRI study
Authors: Xiang Huadong , Lin Chongyu , Ma Xiaohai , Zhang Zhaoqi , Bower James M. , Weng Xuchu , Gao Jia‐Hong 
Published: February 2003

AbstractWe investigated, using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), whether semantic discrimination, an inner linguistic task without overt articulation, can elicit activation in the cerebellum. Six subjects performed three semantic tasks with different loads of discrimination while being scanned. All three semantic tasks activated distributed brain areas, including the right posterior inferior cerebellum. Much stronger activation was found in the cerebellum in more difficult tasks, in terms of the activation volume and signal intensity. These results suggest that the cerebellum activation is involved in semantic discrimination and is modulated by discrimination difficulty. Hum. Brain Mapping 18:208–214, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neural basis of the non‐attentional processing of briefly presented words
Authors: Peng Dan‐ling , Xu Duo , Jin Zhen , Luo Qian , Ding Guo‐sheng , Perry Conrad , Zhang Lei , Liu Ying 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThe neural basis of the automatic activation of words was investigated in an fMRI study. In the study, words were presented briefly (51 or 151 msec) followed by a mask. To prevent attentional processing, subjects attended to the masks and not the words, and were required to make perceptual judgment about the masks. We found that a distributed neural network (including the frontal, temporal, occipital, parietal lobes, and the cerebellum) was activated during non‐attentional processing of words in both exposure durations. A significant main effect of presentation duration was found in bilateral cerebellum and the right fusiform gyrus, suggesting their role in the later (151 msec) processing of words. In addition, a significant interaction between presentation duration and word frequency was obtained. When the presentation duration was 151 msec, no significant difference in activation was found between high‐ and low‐frequency words. Alternatively, when the presentation duration was 51 msec, high‐frequency words evoked significantly greater activation in bilateral fusiform gyri, cerebellum, right inferior parietal lobe, medial frontal gyrus (BA 45/46/9), and the right temporal‐occipital junction (BA 21/37). These results suggest that these regions are sensitive to word frequency, and are related to both the attentional and non‐attentional access of lexical representations. Hum. Brain Mapping 18:215–221, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Modulation of neural connectivity during tongue movement and reading
Authors: He Alex G. , Tan Li Hai , Tang Yiyuan , James G. Andrew , Wright Paul , Eckert Mark A. , Fox Peter T. , Liu Yijun 
Published: February 2003

AbstractIn a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, a novel connectivity analysis method termed within‐condition interregional covariance analysis (WICA) was introduced for investigation into brain modulation during tongue movement and reading Chinese pinyins and logographic characters. We found that performing a horizontal tongue movement task generated a specific brain module with hierarchical orders of neural computation. Such functional modularity was further examined during both overt and silent Chinese reading tasks. Our results showed that overt pinyin reading was associated with the following distributed regions involved in tongue movement: the primary motor cortex (M1), the supplementary motor area (SMA), Broca's area, and Wernicke's area. Furthermore, we have used the WICA and demonstrated task‐dependent covariance patterns that are strongly associated with the M1 mouth/tongue region, in which the Broca‐Wernicke pathway is implicated in a meaning access procedure based on assembled phonology, while the SMA‐Broca pathway is implicated in a meaning access procedure based on addressed phonology. Our functional connectivity analysis of the neural pathway involved in language processing may provide a basis for future studies of the dynamic neural network associated with language learning and reading in both developmental and disease conditions. Hum. Brain Mapping 18:222–232, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An fMRI study comparing brain activation between word generation and electrical stimulation of language‐implicated acupoints
Authors: Li Geng , Liu Ho‐Ling , Cheung Raymond T.F. , Hung Yu‐Chiang , Wong Kelvin K.K. , Shen Gary G.X. , Ma Qi‐Yuan , Yang Edward S. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractWe compared the brain activation on functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) during word generation with the activation during electrical stimulation of two language‐implicated acupoints in 17 healthy, Mandarin‐speaking, Chinese male volunteers (age 19–26 years). All subjects were strongly right handed according to a handedness inventory. Using a standard functional MRI procedure and a word‐generation paradigm, significant activation was seen in the left and right inferior frontal gyri (BA 44, 45) as well as the left superior temporal gyrus (BA 22, 42). Stronger activation with a larger volume was seen in the left hemisphere. Electrical stimulation of either one of the two language‐implicated acupoints, SJ 8 (11 subjects) and Du 15 (6 subjects), without the word‐generation paradigm in the same cohort, produced significant activation in the right inferior frontal gyrus (BA 44, 46) and in the left and right superior temporal gyri (BA 22, 42), respectively. Nevertheless, no activation was seen in the left inferior frontal gyrus. In addition, electrical stimulation of the adjacent non‐acupoints did not produce any significant brain activation. Although our results support the notion of acupoint–brain activation, applying acupuncture at SJ 8 or Du 15 does not activate the typical language areas in the left inferior frontal cortex. Hum. Brain Mapping 18:233–238, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Towards understanding language organisation in the brain using fMRI
Authors: Matthews P. M. , Adcock J. , Chen Y. , Fu S. , Devlin J. T. , Rushworth M. F. S. , Smith S. , Beckmann C. , Iversen S. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractFunctional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), which allows non‐invasive mapping of human cognitive functions, has become an important tool for understanding language function. An understanding of component processes and sources of noise in the images is contributing to increased confidence in the reproductability of studies. This allows clinical applications, e.g., for pre‐surgical lateralisation of language functions in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. fMRI is a sensitive method for mapping regions involved in language functions. We recently have applied it to study the effect of word surface form on reading with a comparison of responses to Chinese characters or alphabetical Pinyin. Interpretation of fMRI activations must be made with caution; fMRI suggests task‐associated activation, but does not independently confirm that such activity is necessary. However, complementary studies can be performed using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), which can be used to interfere with brain activity in a specific region transiently for characterisation of the behavioural effects. We describe how TMS combined with fMRI has confirmed a role for the left inferior frontal cortex in semantic processing. Hum. Brain Mapping 18:239–247, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Scintigraphic method to detect silent aspiration during sleep in postsurgical patients with oral cancer
Authors: Tei Kanchu , Takinami Shu‐ichi , Yamazaki Yutaka , Totsuka Yasunori 
Published: February 2003

AbstractBackground.A simple method to detect silent aspiration during sleep has not been established in postsurgical oral cancer patients.Methods.Radioactive paste consisting of 99mTcO4− and carboxylmethylcellulose was prepared and placed in a maxillary prosthesis with a cavity in the palatal space. The patient was requested to wear this appliance during sleep, and the following morning the patient was subjected to scintigraphic scanning. Both the anterior and posterior aspects of the thorax were scanned using a Shimazu Medical gamma camera with window settings adjusted to a low energy collimator at 500 kilocounts per image.Results.Silent aspiration that had not been detected by videofluoroscopic examination was clearly demonstrated by the scintigraphic method, showing aspiration of radioactive paste during sleep in the left thorax of the patient.Conclusions.The method reported for establishing aspiration is simple and reliable to assess silent aspiration during sleep in patients with oral cancer. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 25: 245–250, 2003
The effect of radiation therapy on microcystic adnexal carcinoma: A case report
Authors: Stein Jeannine M. , Ormsby Adrian , Esclamado Ramon , Bailin Philip 
Published: February 2003

AbstractBackground.Microcystic adnexal carcinoma (MAC) is a rare, locally aggressive tumor. Treatment for this neoplasm typically requires extensive local excision leading to morbidity. Therefore, the temptation to use alternative treatment options remains high.Methods.We report one case of a nasal dorsum MAC treated with external beam radiation secondary to the patient's poor health status and preference.Results.After initial dramatic clinical resolution, the tumor recurred in a clinically more extensive and histologically more aggressive form.Conclusion.On the basis of this case and several detailed in the literature, we therefore hypothesize that radiation therapy is not only an ineffective treatment for MAC, but evidence exists that this modality may induce conversion to a histologically and clinically less favorable neoplasm. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 25: 251–254, 2003
Management of mandibular osteoradionecrosis corresponding to the severity of osteoradionecrosis and the method of radiotherapy
Authors: Notani Ken‐ichi , Yamazaki Yutaka , Kitada Hideyuki , Sakakibara Noriyuki , Fukuda Hiroshi , Omori Keiiti , Nakamura Motoyasu 
Published: February 2003

AbstractPurpose.To demonstrate appropriate treatment methods for mandibular osteoradionecrosis (ORN) by evaluating previous results.Methods.The relationship between the time interval after radiation therapy (RT) and the severity of ORN was examined. Eighty‐seven patients were classified according to the extent of the lesion (grades), and the cure rates were calculated according to the RT modality, the grade, and the treatment method for ORN.Results.The later ORN developed and the higher the dose of irradiation, particularly among the patients who received external RT, the more it progressed. The initial cure rates for conservative management, marginal, and segmental mandibulectomy were 39.7%, 50%, and 86.7%, respectively.Conclusions.Conservative management should be limited to early‐onset ORN after brachytherapy with or without a low dose of external irradiation. Marginal mandibulectomy is appropriate for the late‐onset ORN after brachytherapy with or without low‐dose external irradiation. Segmental mandibulectomy is required for late‐onset ORN after a high dose of external irradiation. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 25: 181–186, 2003
Gamma knife radiosurgery for recurrent salivary gland malignancies involving the base of skull
Authors: Lee Nancy , Millender Laura E. , Larson David A. , Wara William M. , McDermott Michael W. , Kaplan Michael J. , Sneed Penny K. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractBackground.The management of skull base recurrence of salivary gland tumors is challenging, because complete surgical resection and fractionated reirradiation are seldom possible. Experience is being gained with radiosurgery for this indication.Methods.From 1994–2000, eight patients with 16 skull base recurrences of salivary gland tumors underwent Gamma Knife radiosurgery at the University of California San Francisco. Local freedom from progression (FFP), regional FFP, locoregional FFP, and survival times were measured from the date of radiosurgery and estimated using the Kaplan‐Meier method.Results.All patients experienced symptomatic response, usually pain resolution. The median local FFP, regional FFP, locoregional FFP, and survival times were 15.4, 12.0, 10.0, and 21.2 months, respectively. The 1‐year local FFP probabilities are 93% and 59%, respectively. Local FFP, allowing for salvage radiosurgery, was 100% at 1 year and 75% at 2 years. Five of seven patients with locoregional failure underwent repeat radiosurgery, successfully achieving control for an additional 4.4 to 13.4 months in four patients. One patient had radiation necrosis develop.Conclusion.Radiosurgery provided good local control and symptomatic relief in patients with recurrent salivary gland malignancies involving the base of skull. In patients with good performance status, radiosurgery should be considered as salvage treatment. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 25: 210–216, 2003
Cervical metastases in upper aerodigestive tract squamous cell carcinoma: Histopathologic analysis and reporting
Authors: Jose Jemy , Coatesworth Andrew P. , MacLennan Ken 
Published: February 2003

AbstractBackground.Accurate histopathologic assessment of neck dissections is of paramount importance. Retrospective analyses of the distribution of lymph node metastases have formed the rationale for elective neck dissection. However, standard techniques for examination of neck dissection specimens may have difficulty in correctly recognizing node levels and may also miss micrometastases, microscopic extracapsular spread, and soft tissue deposits.Methods.Two hundred thirty‐seven neck dissections were performed in 173 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract between August 1995 and November 2000. The neck dissections were separated into node levels peroperatively, sectioned at 6μm thickness, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin.Results.Eleven thousand three hundred forty‐nine lymph nodes were identified and examined. The mean yield per neck dissection was 50.4 (range, 12–131); 21.4% had extracapsular spread, 11.0% had soft tissue deposits, and 13.3% had both. A third of the metastatic nodes were 3 mm or less in diameter.Conclusions.The accurate pathologic staging of the neck in patients with upper aerodigestive tract squamous cell cancer is important for providing prognostic information and optimizing the treatment plan for the patient. Accurate staging also allows the changing patterns of disease to be monitored and allows equitable comparison of patients in clinical trials and among surgical units. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 25: 194–197, 2003
Generation of vaccine‐primed lymphocytes for the treatment of head and neck cancer
Authors: Chang Alfred E. , Li Qiao , Jiang Guihua , Teknos Theodoros N. , Chepeha Douglas B. , Bradford Carol R. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractBackground.This study was performed to assess the ability of autologous tumor vaccines to induce T‐cell reactivity to squamous cell cancers (SCC).Methods.Irradiated autologous tumor cells admixed with bacillus Calmette‐Guérin (BCG) were given intradermally in patients with advanced head and neck cancers. Vaccine‐primed lymph node (VPLN) cells were secondarily activated with anti‐CD3 mAb and expanded in IL‐2 for adoptive immunotherapy. A mean (± SEM) of 2 (±0.6) × 1010 anti‐CD3–activated cells were administered in conjunction with IL‐2 in six patients.Results.Anti‐CD3–activated VPLN cells secreted IFN‐γ and GM‐CSF in response to autologous tumor cells but not to allogeneic tumor cells in four of five patients analyzed. Both CD4+ and CD8+ tumor reactive cells were present in the VPLN. There were no significant tumor responses after transfer of the anti‐CD3–activated VPLN. In separate experiments, costimulation of VPLN cells with anti‐CD3 and anti‐CD28 mAb resulted in enhanced cytokine secretion to autologous tumor compared with anti‐CD3 activation alone.Conclusions.Both CD4+ and CD8+ responses can be induced to SCC by autologous tumor vaccination. However, additional approaches need to be identified to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of this approach. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 25: 198–209, 2003
Intraoperative radiotherapy for head and neck and skull base cancer
Authors: Pinheiro A. Daniel , Foote Robert L. , McCaffrey Thomas V. , Kasperbauer Jan L. , Bonner James A. , Olsen Kerry D. , Cha Stephen S. , Sargent Daniel J. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractBackground.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of intraoperative electron beam radiotherapy (IORT) as an adjuvant modality in the treatment of advanced head and neck and skull base cancer.Methods.Between 1991 and 1996, 34 patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCCA) and 10 patients with non‐SCCA were enrolled in this prospective nonrandomized clinical trial. Most patients had been previously treated with combinations of surgery, external beam radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. The most frequent sites treated were the skull base (56%) and the neck (44%). IORT was delivered in a dedicated operating room suite with energies of 6 to 15 MeV (6 MeV most commonly used) at doses of 12.5 to 22.5 Gy.Results.At 2 years overall and disease‐free survival was 32% and 21%, respectively, for the SCCA patients and 50% and 40%, respectively, for the non‐SCCA patients. Tumor control rates at 2 years in the IORT field were 46% for the SCCA patients and 52% for the non‐SCCA patients. For squamous cell histology, survival in patients with microscopic residual tumor did not differ from those with no residual tumor, but they both had significantly longer disease‐free survival than those patients with gross residual at the time of IORT (p= .03), with a trend toward longer overall survival (p= .09). The only complication directly attributable to IORT was a neuropathy in a patient who received an IORT dose of 22.5 Gy (cumulative dose 130.1 Gy).Conclusions.IORT at a dose of 12.5 Gy is safe and produces tumor control and survival for patients likely to have microscopic residual disease in sites difficult to resect such as the skull base. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 25: 217–226, 2003
Differentially expressed genes associated with CIS‐diamminedichloroplatinum (II) resistance in head and neck cancer using differential display and CDNA microarray
Authors: Higuchi Eisaku , Oridate Nobuhiko , Furuta Yasushi , Suzuki Seigo , Hatakeyama Hiromitsu , Sawa Hirofumi , Sunayashiki‐Kusuzaki Kousaku , Yamazaki Ken‐ichi , Inuyama Yukio , Fukuda Satoshi 
Published: February 2003

AbstractBackground.The mechanism by which cancer cells become resistant to cis‐Diamminedichloroplatinum (II) (cDDP) is not completely understood. To investigate the molecular markers involved in the cDDP resistance, we compared the gene expression profiles between a head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) line sensitive to cDDP and its cDDP‐resistant variant.Methods.Both a fluorescent differential display and a cDNA microarray analysis were applied to distinguish the gene profiles between KB, a human HNSCC line, and its cDDP‐resistant variant (KB/cDDP). These results were confirmed by Northern blot analysis.Results.One up‐regulated gene, glycoprotein hormone α‐subunit, and two down‐regulated genes coding membrane proteins, human folate receptor and tumor‐associated antigen L6, were identified in KB/cDDP cells.Conclusions.Our findings suggest that development of the cDDP‐resistant phenotype is accompanied by alternations of gene expression including a glycoprotein hormone and membrane proteins. These gene products could be new molecular markers for resistance to cDDP. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 25: 187–193, 2003
Detection of recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinomas with thallium‐201 single‐photon emission computed tomography in patients with indeterminate magnetic resonance imaging findings after radiotherapy
Authors: Tai Chih‐Jaan , Liang Ji‐An , Yang Shih‐Neng , Tsai Ming‐Hsui , Lin Cheng‐Chieh , Kao Chia‐Hung 
Published: February 2003

AbstractBackground.The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of thallium‐201 (Tl‐201) single‐photon emission CT (SPECT) to detect recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinomas (NPC) when MRI findings are indeterminate.Methods.After radiotherapy, 26 NPC patients with indeterminate MRI findings were included in this study. MRI, Tl‐201, and biopsy were performed at least 4 months after radiotherapy and within 1 week. The final results were based on histopathologic findings and clinical follow‐up after at least 6 months.Results.For detecting recurrent NPC in indeterminate MRI findings, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of Tl‐201 SPECT were 92.3%, 92.3%, and 92.3%, respectively.Conclusions.On the basis of this result, Tl‐201 SPECT seems to be effective in detecting recurrent NPC when MRI findings are indeterminate. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 25: 227–231, 2003
Progressive edge detection compression for fingerprint images
Authors: Al‐Asmari Awad K. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractIn this article, a progressive fingerprint image compression (for storage or transmission) that uses an edge detection scheme is developed. First, the image is decomposed into two components: the primary component, which contains the edges, and the secondary component, which contains the textures and the features. Then, a general grasp for the image is reconstructed in the first stage at bit rates of 0.0223 and 0.0245 bpp for the tested fingerprints images (samples 1 and 2), respectively. The quality of the reconstructed images is competitive with the 0.75‐bpp target bit set by the FBI standard. Also, the compression ratio and the image quality of this algorithm are competitive with other methods reported in the literature. The compression ratio for our algorithm is about 45:1 (0.180 bpp). © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol 12, 211–216, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ima.10025
Application of Krylov subspaces to SPECT imaging
Authors: Calvini P. , Bertero M. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThe application of the conjugate gradient (CG) algorithm to the problem of data reconstruction in SPECT imaging indicates that most of the useful information is already contained in Krylov subspaces of small dimension, ranging from 9 (two‐dimensional case) to 15 (three‐dimensional case). On this basis, a new, proposed approach can be basically summarized as follows: construction of a basis spanning a Krylov subspace of suitable dimension and projection of the projector–backprojector matrix (a 106 × 106 matrix in the three‐dimensional case) onto such a subspace. In this way, one is led to a problem of low dimensionality, for which regularized solutions can be easily and quickly obtained. The required SPECT activity map is expanded as a linear combination of the basis elements spanning the Krylov subspace and the regularization acts by modifying the coefficients of such an expansion. By means of a suitable graphical interface, the tuning of the regularization parameter(s) can be performed interactively on the basis of the visual inspection of one or some slices cut from a reconstruction. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol 12, 217–228, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ima.10026
Fast color image restoration with multisensors
Authors: Ng Michael K. , Bose N. K. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractIn this article, we consider restoring a single‐color image from two degraded frames of the same scene by a RGB sensor and a luminance sensor. The RGB‐to‐YIQ transformation, the classical Tikhonov regularization and the Neumann boundary condition are used in the restoration process. Regularization based on generalized cross‐validation function with multisensors is also used to obtain the high‐quality restored image. The resulting method is shown to provide improved restoration over other restoration methods. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol 12, 189–197, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ima.10028