bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Analytical Division of the Old Arabic Poem: A Suggestion for a New Method of Dividing and Analyzing the Old Arabic Poem with Application to a Text by Hassān b. Thābit
Authors: Hussein Ali 
Published: April 2005

AbstractIn this article, a new method of dividing the old (pre- and early Islamic) Arabic poem is suggested. According to the method, new kinds of sections are highlighted in the text, these are the functional unit, paragraph and motif. This method aims to highlight the idiosyncrasies of each old Arabic poem and to understand the relationship between the different parts (sections, motifs, and the like) in the text itself. In many cases, this method leads the reader to treat the poem as one thematic entity and not as a text composed of several unrelated and unconnected parts.
The Uncanny in Ahlām Mustaghānmī's 'Ābir Sarīr
Authors: Suyoufie Fadia 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThis study focuses on the manifestations of the uncanny in Ahlām Mustaghānmī's 'Ābir Sarīr. It relies on the Freudian concept of the uncanny to show the defamiliarization of the ordinary and the estrangement from one's homeland in the world of the novel. By adopting a textual approach, the study analyzes the major signi fiers of the uncanny, especially the "bed," as it stands out prominently in the novel's title.The discussion of the uncanny unmasks the transformations of the essences of life, man, and art within the novel's unsettling world-view.
Nostalgia, Arab Nationalism, and The Andalusian Chronotope in the Evolution of the Modern Arabic Novel
Authors: Granara William 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe theme of "Al-Andalus" has featured prominently in the Arabic novel from the novel's earliest stages to its most recent diverse and complex maturation. This article examines the connections between the temporal and spatial signi fications of Al-Andalus and how they function within three Arabic novels, from the historical/romantic, social realist, and modernist genres. It argues that writing Al-Andalus entails more than nostalgia for a glorious past. These novelists take a critical view of contemporary society and rework Al-Andalus as a blueprint for a more hopeful future. That is, the historical consciousness of the "Andalusian" novel re flects on, explains, and critiques the current state of affairs in the Arab world. More generally, this study reiterates the homologous relationship between the political and intellectual trajectory of modern Arabic thought, and here the emphasis is on Arab Nationalism, and the development of the Arabic novel.
Adiponectin Expression in Human Fetal Tissues during Mid- and Late Gestation
Authors: Corbetta S. , Bulfamante G. , Cortelazzi D. , Barresi V. , Cetin I. , Mantovani G. , Bondioni S. , Beck-Peccoz P. , Spada A. 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
Adiponectin (ApN), an adipocytokine expressed in adipocytes with antidiabetic and antiatherogenic actions, has been detected in cord blood, suggesting a putative role in intrauterine fetal development. The aim of this study was to confirm the presence of ApN in the fetal circulation and directly investigate ApN expression in fetal tissues. The study showed high ApN levels in umbilical venous blood from fetuses [n = 44; 31.2 ± 14.1 (sd) mg/liter in umbilical vs. 8.4 ± 4.0 in maternal circulation (P &lt; 0.0001)] that positively correlated with gestational age. By using RT-PCR, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry, ApN was detected in several fetal tissues at mid- and late gestation (from 14 to 36 wk) but not in the placenta. ApN was expressed in tissues of mesodermic origin, i.e. brown and white adipocytes, skeletal muscle fibers of diaphragm and iliopsoas, smooth muscle cells of small intestine and arterial walls, perineurium and renal capsule, and tissues of ectodermal origin, i.e. epidermis and ocular lens. The distribution of ApN expression in nonadipose tissues showed a general decline during the progression of gestation. The unexpected pattern of ApN expression in the human fetus may account for the high ApN levels in cord blood and predicts novel roles for ApN during fetal development.
Lay understanding of genetic disease: A British study of families attending a genetic counseling service
Authors: Chapple Alison , May Carl , Campion Peter 
Published: April 2005

AbstractAlthough lay people know that various diseases can be inherited, the idea that unhealthy life styles are the crucial cause of ill health has been promoted by health education policy in the United Kingdom. However, a new paradigm seems to be developing. The medical profession is increasingly using “genetics” to explain ill health, and people are being referred to geneticists for information and counseling. Lay conceptions of genetic disease emerged during this qualitative study of the process of genetic counseling. The results reported in this paper suggest that many lay people lack knowledge of genetics and inheritance, and that there is considerable stigma attached to genetic disease. Misconceptions and fears may not always be recognized or resolved during the process of genetic counseling. The implications of such misunderstandings and beliefs are considered in this paper.
Attitudes toward maternal serum screening in Chinese women with positive results
Authors: Jan Sheau‐Wen , Chen Chih‐Ping , Huang Lian‐Hua , Huang Fu‐Yuan , Lan Chung‐Chi 
Published: April 2005

AbstractMaternal serum screening for fetal Down syndrome has been integrated into routine antenatal care in most clinics in Taiwan. We examined the attitudes toward serum screening and the possible implications in women with positive results. From January to July 1995, 276 women were referred to the Genetic Counseling Clinic, Mackay Memorial Hospital for amniocentesis because of positive screening results, and 214 participated in this study. All women opted for amniocentesis after genetic counseling. Over 40% stated that they made decisions independently after being informed of the serum screening. Need for certainty was the most frequently mentioned reason. Two‐thirds believed that serum screening could provide a diagnosis. Almost all women would apply for maternal serum screening for future pregnancies. This study demonstrated that Chinese women need more counseling and autonomy regarding maternal serum screening.
Resistance and adherence to the norms of genetic counseling
Authors: Brunger Fern , Lippman Abby 
Published: April 2005

AbstractGenetic counseling for women of advanced maternal age who are considering prenatal testing continues to be based on a principle of nondirectiveness. We interviewed 11 genetic counseling students and four counselors about how they experience and manage, in practice, the tensions between the ideology of nondirectiveness and the acknowledged reality that one can never be truly nondirective. We found that our respondents creatively resolve this tension—simultaneously resisting and adhering to the values of nondirectiveness and information‐giving—in individual and situation‐specific ways. This resolution is facilitated by the extent to which information given to counselees is fluid, mobile and context‐dependent, but these very features of “information” also have critical implications for both the norms and the practice of genetic counseling.
A support group for couples who have terminated a pregnancy after prenatal diagnosis: Recurrent themes and observations
Authors: Suslak Lorraine , Scherer Anne , Rodriguez Gisela 
Published: April 2005

AbstractGenetic Counselors are increasingly becoming involved in organizing and facilitating support groups for couples who have terminated a pregnancy because of an abnormal fetal diagnosis. This paper discusses recurrent themes which have emerged in the FATE (Feelings After the Termination Experience) support group which was founded in New Jersey in 1990. By becoming familiar with the issues we have observed in our support group, genetic counselors should be better able to understand and empathize with their patients who make the decision to terminate a much wanted pregnancy. They may also feel better prepared to become involved in organizing and facilitating such support groups.
CF carrier testing: Experience of relatives
Authors: Callanan Nancy P. , Bloom Diane , Sorenson James R. , DeVellis Brenda M. , Cheuvront Brian 
Published: April 2005

AbstractConsensus exists that genetic counseling and CF carrier testing should be offered to individuals with a positive family history of CF. To learn more about their experience with genetic counseling and testing we conducted a series of structured telephone interviews and focus group discussions with individuals and couples who had undergone genetic counseling and carrier testing because of a family history of CF. Traditional genetic counseling appears to have been effective for this population. Subjects generally report having a positive counseling experience and few difficulties upon learning their carrier status. Subjects were quite knowledgeable about CF and their carrier risk and were highly motivated to seek testing. They may not be representative of all individuals with a family history of CF however. For carriers, concerns about whether and when to have children tested, and concerns about insurance implications of carrier status may emerge sometime after the initial counseling. Strategies for addressing these concerns and for providing efficient and effective education and genetic counseling for people with a family history of CF need to be developed.
Genetic counseling for the next 25 years: Models for the future
Authors: Kenen Regina H. , Smith Ann C. M. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractCurrently, two trends pose particular challenges for genetic counseling: (1) spin offs from the Human Genome Project leading to new diagnostic genetic tests far in advance of any cures; and (2) an increasing and diversified client population. These trends will lead to changes in both genetic service delivery systems and the development of alternative models of the genetic counseling process itself. Two models that could be adapted for genetic counseling are: the mutual participation model and the life history narrative model. Technological advances present ethical dilemmas and raise many questions. Already, improved detection of genes for predisposing conditions has entered clinical medicine requiring renewed ethical appraisals of genetic testing. Integration of genetic counseling (and required pre‐screening education) into primary care settings involves time constraints and the involvement of health care personnel with less training in genetics. Alternative approaches are beginning to be discussed. Innovative genetic counselors with expanded visions of counseling goals and practices will play an increasingly important role in the future of genetic counseling.
Folic acid and the prevention of neural tube defects: A position paper of the national society of genetic counselors
Authors: Baty Bonnie Jeanne , Cohen Leslie , Phelps Lorna , Speer Marcy C. , Stengel Pamela , Williamson‐Kruse Lori 
Published: April 2005

AbstractConsiderable scientific evidence demonstrates the reduction in risk for neural tube defects (NTDs) associated with maternal preconceptional folic acid supplementation. The National Society of Genetic Counselors (NSGC) endorses the U.S. Public Health Service recommendations for folic acid supplementation at the 0.4 mg level for women in the general population and at the 4.0 mg level for women at high or increased risk for NTD pregnancies for at least 4 weeks prior to active pursuit of conception. We encourage targeted educational efforts and surveillance to assess results of this dietary supplementation. The NSGC further urges the Food and Drug Administration to fortify staple foodstuffs with folic acid for a population‐based approach to minimize the number of NTD births.
Counseling and screening for cystic fibrosis in patients with congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens: Patient perceptions
Authors: Fitzpatrick Jennifer L. , Hutton Elaine M. , Babul Riyana , Cytrynbaum Cheryl S. , Sutherland Joanne E. , Shuman Cheryl T. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractCongenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens (CBAVD) occurs in approximately 1.3% of infertile males and is thought to be, in most cases, a primarily genital form of cystic fibrosis (CF). Fourteen males with CBAVD considering microsurgical sperm aspiration from the epididymis (MESA) and in vitro fertilization were seen for genetic counseling and screening for CF. To retrospectively evaluate these patients' perceptions of the counseling and screening information, we conducted structured telephone interviews to assess their recall of information about CF and its impact on their health concerns and reproductive plans. We found that, as the health implications of CF are abstract and not as important to patients as the diagnosis of CBAVD itself, patients tend to view their CF status primarily in terms of their reproductive potential. Retrospective analysis afforded us an opportunity to identify the psychosocial issues of most concern to this unique patient population.
Controversies in counseling for mitochondrial conditions
Authors: Kupelian Annie , Falk Rena E. , Klein Jana , Fournier Patricia , Fischel‐Ghodsian Nathan 
Published: April 2005

AbstractA healthy woman sought preconceptional genetic counseling regarding a family history of a mitochondrial myopathy in her brother and retinitis pigmentosa (RP) in her two maternal aunts. Several questions were raised: (1) What is the likelihood of a familial mitochondrial condition? (2) What molecular tests or prenatal screening can we offer? (3) How would these tests help assess the likelihood of a familial mitochondrial condition? A mitochondrial mutation previously identified in the brother consisted of a heteroplasmic 2.9 kb deletion. We detected this deletion in the peripheral blood of the brother by PCR amplification of the deletion breakpoint, but not in his mother, the consultand, nor in one of the two aunts affected with RP. Although the molecular analysis was encouraging to the consultand, a familial mitochondrial disorder could not be eliminated with certainty. The pros and cons of prenatal testing for mitochondrial disorders are discussed in general, and as specifically related to this family.
Suicide prevention in the genetic counseling context
Authors: Peters June A. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractUtilizing a case report, this paper explores psychosocial aspects of suicidal intent in a woman seeking prenatal diagnosis. Using knowledge and practice of appropriate assessment, referral, and intervention procedures, the therapy team of genetic counselor and psychotherapist facilitated successful identification and management of this potentially suicidal client. The main counseling goals for the genetic counselor are to assess the situation adequately, decrease the immediate danger, and, with supervision and/or consultation, stabilize the seriously suicidal person until that individual can be triaged to mental health or medical professionals for treatment. The prevalence of suicide issues in genetic counseling contexts is unknown and reports mentioning suicidal ideation unusual in the genetic counseling literature. Is this reported case a rarity among genetic counseling referrals? Systematically collected information on the prevalence and resolution of suicidal issues in genetic counseling contexts would be helpful for those setting curricula for genetic counseling training programs, standards for professional certification exams, and policy and procedures manuals for clinical units.
Practice variability in prenatal genetic counseling
Authors: Matloff Ellen T. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThis study demonstrated that the content of prenatal genetic counseling sessions varied from counselor to counselor and from center to center. The study was designed to examine which specific issues were included by genetic counselors in prenatal genetic counseling sessions, and to determine which factors led genetic counselors to include or exclude this information from such sessions. Data were collected by randomly surveying 200 full, master degree members of the National Society of Genetic Counselors (NSGC). Respondents provided information by deciding which of 45 specific issues they would include in a standard prenatal genetic counseling session, and which one factor from a bank of 11 factors most accurately described the reason for this decision. The results indicated that the issues included/excluded from sessions varied widely among genetic counselors. The results also indicated that Patient Education/Informed Decision Making (34.5%) played the largest role in decision making overall, with Standard at Center/Departmental Policy (17.6%), Personal Experience/Preference (12.4%), and Applicability (10.9%) serving as the next three most important reasons for including or excluding issues from prenatal genetic counseling sessions.
Molecular carrier testing for the fragile X syndrome: Issues for genetic counselors
Authors: Berliner Janice L. , Shapiro Faye N. , Nolin Sarah L. , Houck George E. , Ding Xiao‐Hua , Dobkin Carl , Brooks Susan Sklower , Brown W. Ted 
Published: April 2005

AbstractMolecular analysis of the fragile X (FMR‐1) gene identifies female fragile X carriers, but appropriate genetic counseling can only be provided if the limitations of the testing methods are understood. Molecular analysis of this gene is achieved with both the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Southern blot techniques. PCR is faster and can determine the actual number of CGG repeats, which modifies genetic counseling substantially. However, for a sizeable percentage of women, PCR alone is not conclusive, and Southern analysis is necessary to complete the study. While this procedure takes longer, it is usually conclusive. Women who present for genetic counseling and carrier testing in the second trimester of pregnancy need this information quickly, and for them the turn‐around time is paramount. It is critical that genetic counselors understand these methods so that they can educate their clients and facilitate appropriate follow‐up.
Variation in content in prenatal genetic counseling interviews
Authors: Burke B. Meredith , Kolker Aliza 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThirty non‐MD genetic counselors from five cities described their pre‐test interview for a client of advanced maternal age, indicating the frequency they addressed each of 16 topics. Near‐universal were family history taking, procedural descriptions and complication rates, and the client's fetal risk level for certain disorders. Less frequently included were description of sex chromosome abnormalities with variable expression, choices if an abnormality is found, and description of actual abortion procedures (fewer than one‐third always included this). Counselors cited client discomfort in minimizing abortion‐related discussions. Both training programs and genetic services might stress conveying the differences in maternal risk associated with trimester of abortion, a factor arguably relevant to a client's informed decision making. Also, given U.S. demographic changes, they should consider increased staff training in cross‐cultural counseling techniques.
Tears Shed Over the Poetic Past: The Prosification Of Rithā' Al-mudun In Al-Saraqustī's Maqāma Qayrawāniyya
Authors: Elinson Alexander 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThis article will provide a close reading of Abū al-Tāhir Muhammad b. Yūsuf al-Saraqustī's (d. 1143) Maqāma Qayrawāniyya. Taking into account social, political, and literary-historical factors, I will examine how and why the author effectively translates the poetic genre of rithā' al-mudun (city elegy) into rhymed prose. Writing during the Almoravid period when the prestige of poetry and literary prose was signi ficantly less than it had been in earlier periods due to a decline in courtly patronage, al-Saraqustī successfully expresses his own displacement as a writer and ambivalent relationship to the Arabic literary past and present by subverting the traditional metaphoric obscurity of poetry, and the clarity of prose. In utilizing the "hybrid form" of the maqāma, al-Saraqustī demonstrates the difficulties of remaining within narrowly de fined genres that do not necessarily re flect the complex twelfth century present in which the author lived.
Tea tree oil: in vitro efficacy in otitis externa
Authors: Farnan T B , McCallum J , Awa A , Khan A D , Hall S J 
Published: April 2005

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the susceptibility of organisms causing otitis externa (OE) to the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia, or tea tree oil (TTO).Methods: Fifty-seven swabs were taken from the ears of 52 patients with OE for culture and sensitivity. A broth microdilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of TTO for each organism.Results: In 51 per cent of the swabs taken, pathogenic organisms were cultured. Of these cultures 71 per cent, both bacteria and yeast, were susceptible to TTO 2 per cent or less. The only organism showing resistance to TTO was Pseudomonas aeruginosa; however 25 per cent of these bacteria were sensitive.Conclusion: Tea tree oil may have a role to play in the treatment of OE. However, more work needs to be done to enhance the anti-pseudomonal effect and to assess ototoxicity.
A study of out-of-hours facilities in otolaryngology: current provision and problems
Authors: Moorthy R , Magarey M , Joshi A , Jayaraj S. M. , Clarke P. M. 
Published: April 2005

’Action on ENT’ has recently published advice as to the minimum requirements for equipment required to provide a safe and suitable out-of-hours service in ENT.Our objectives were to determine the availability of a dedicated ENT treatment room for seeing patients out of hours, appropriately maintained specialized ENT equipment and availability of appropriate assistance. In addition, the mechanism for disinfection of nasoendoscopes out of hours was determined.Telephone questionnaires of 106 ENT units in England, which provide an out-of-hours ENT service, were taken. At each unit the standard questionnaire was answered by the first on-call ENT doctor.One hundred and one units (95 per cent) had access to a dedicated treatment room out of hours. The number of units with a microscope was 91 (86 per cent), headlight/lamp and mirror was 105 (99 percent), flexible nasoendoscope was 86 (81 per cent) and cautery (electrical or chemical) was 105 (99 per cent). Seventy-nine units (75 per cent) found that their treatment rooms were adequately stocked, and 62 units (58 per cent) had assistance available when needed. Twenty-four units (23 percent) sterilized their scopes adequately, 22 units (21 per cent) used endosheaths, 26 units (24 per cent) used a variety of inadequate cleaning methods, and 34 respondents (32 per cent) were unsure how their scopes were cleaned.This survey has shown that not all ENT units have appropriately equipped out-of-hours facilities. There is a need for nationally agreed guidelines stating the minimum equipment and assistance required to provide a safe, adequate and suitable out-of-hours service. National guidelines on out-of-hours disinfection of flexible nasoendoscopes are also required.