bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correspondence among multiple methods provides confidence when measuring marine protected area effects for species and assemblages
Authors: Honeyman Christopher , Carlson Peter , Jainese Conner , Parsons‐Field Avrey , Eisaguirre Jacob , Davis Kathryn , Giraldo‐Ospina Anita , Spiecker Barbara , Caselle Jennifer E. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Marine protected areas (MPAs) have become a popular tool utilised across global oceans to achieve a variety of conservation goals. Because the reasons for MPA implementation can differ, it is imperative that resource managers design and execute management strategies that allow them to effectively assess MPA performance relative to the goals they set.

We compared three MPA monitoring techniques commonly utilised to survey groundfish populations across different depth strata of temperate rocky reef habitat: underwater visual census (0–20 m), scientific hook and line fishing (10–50 m) and baited remote underwater video (30–100 m). We compared the strength and direction of standardised metrics, including response ratios, diversity indices and community structure, examining results through the lens of MPA performance.

While each of our monitoring techniques detected similar MPA effects on groundfish biomass and density aggregated across species, MPA effects for individual species varied across methods.

Each technique was shown to survey distinct groundfish community assemblages with varying levels of species diversity and richness.

Synthesis and applications. While each technique was found to measure similar general trends in marine protected area (MPA) performance over time, we found compelling evidence that the utilization of multiple techniques allows managers to create the most comprehensive, effective and inclusive MPA monitoring regimes.
Pharmacogenomics and adverse effects of anti‐infective drugs in children
Authors: Huang Xin , Hu Biwen , Ye Ling , Li Tong , He Li , Tan Wei , Yang Guoping , Liu Jun‐Ping , Guo Chengxian 
Published: October 2023

AbstractChildren, as a special group, have their own peculiarities in terms of individualized medication use compared to adults. Adverse drug reactions have been an important issue that needs to be addressed in the hope of safe medication use in children, and the occurrence of adverse drug reactions is partly due to genetic factors. Anti‐infective drugs are widely used in children, and they have always been an important cause of the occurrence of adverse reactions in children. Pharmacogenomic technologies are becoming increasingly sophisticated, and there are now many guidelines describing the pharmacogenomics of anti‐infective drugs. However, data from paediatric‐based studies are scarce. This review provides a systematic review of the pharmacogenomics of anti‐infective drugs recommended for gene‐guided use in CPIC guidelines by exploring the relationship between pharmacogenetic frequencies and the incidence of adverse reactions, which will help inform future studies of individualized medication use in children.
An examination of harm reduction strategies in Oxycodone and Adderall buyer feedback on AlphaBay
Authors: Logie Kenji , Pugliese Katheryne , Acevedo Alexis 
Published: October 2023

AbstractResearch summaryDarknet marketplaces (DNMs) are global digital marketplaces used primarily to buy and sell illicit drugs online. High rates of adulterated substances have contributed to the creation of harm reduction policies by DNM administrators to address growing rates of overdose worldwide. This paper explores the extent to which harm reduction occurs in buyer feedback of Adderall and Oxycodone purchased on AlphaBay and how these comments are impacted by AlphaBay's administrator‐led “harm reduction” policy. This study finds that harm reduction strategies are present in buyer feedback of Oxycodone and Adderall pills, but AlphaBay's policy has very little impact on the preexisting harm reduction communication within buyer feedback.Policy implicationsInternational policy proposals have placed emphasis on addressing the overdose crisis through harm reduction programs that provide people who use drugs with the necessary services and resources to buy and use drugs safely. There have been very few proposals that have considered how these programs can address the unique setting of buying and using drugs purchased on DNMs. Communication occurring among DNM buyers reveals how harm reduction strategies are being employed by users purchasing drugs from DNMs. In particular, these findings offer insight into the shared experiences of drug buyers in anonymous settings and the strategies they are using to protect one another from overdose and other unwanted side effects often caused by adulterated substances. Understanding these strategies highlights the ways in which street‐based harm reduction programs can extend their services to online environments to assist buyers with making safe and informed decisions when using substances purchased online.
Barcoding and traditional health practitioner perspectives are informative to monitor and conserve frogs and reptiles traded for traditional medicine in urban South Africa
Authors: Phaka Fortunate M. , Netherlands Edward C. , Van Steenberge Maarten , Verheyen Erik , Sonet Gontran , Hugé Jean , du Preez Louis H. , Vanhove Maarten P. M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPrevious literature suggests that Indigenous cultural practices, specifically traditional medicine, are commonplace among urban communities contrary to the general conception that such practices are restricted to rural societies. We reviewed previous literature for records of herptiles (frog and reptile species) sold by traditional health practitioners in urban South Africa, then used visual confirmation surveys, DNA barcoding and folk taxonomy to identify the herptile species that were on sale. Additionally, we interviewed 11 IsiZulu and SePedi speaking traditional health practitioners to document details of the collection and pricing of herptile specimens along with the practitioners' views of current conservation measures for traditional medicine markets. The 34 herptile species recorded in previous literature on traditional medicine markets included endangered and non‐native species. Spectrophotometry measurements of the DNA we extracted from the tissue of herptiles used in traditional medicine were an unreliable predictor of whether those extractions would be suitable for further experimental work. From our initial set of 111 tissue samples, 81 sequencing reactions were successful and 55 of those sequences had species‐level matches to COI reference sequences on the NCBI GenBank and/or BOLD databases. Molecular identification revealed that traditional health practitioners correctly labelled 77% of the samples that we successfully identified with DNA barcoding in this study. Our mixed methodology approach is useful for conservation planning as it updates knowledge of animal use in Indigenous remedies and can accurately identify species of high conservation priority. Furthermore, this study highlights the possibility of collaborative conservation planning with traditional health practitioners.
Efficacy and safety of ultrasound‐guided erector spinae plane block compared to sham procedure in adult patients with rib fractures presenting to the emergency department: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ramesh Swetha , Ayyan S. Manu , Rath Durga Prasad , Sadanandan Deepthy Melepurakkal 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe primary objective was to compare the analgesic efficacy of ultrasound‐guided erector spinae plane block (ESPB) with a sham procedure in adult patients presenting with rib fractures to the emergency department (ED).MethodsA randomized controlled trial was conducted at an academic ED over a 17‐month period. Forty‐six adults with confirmed rib fractures and numeric rating score (NRS) greater than 4 were randomized to one of two treatment arms: ultrasound‐guided ESPB group or placebo (sham procedure). Intravenous opioids were prescribed as rescue analgesia when self‐reported pain scores were ≥4. The primary outcome measure, pain intensity reduction, was derived using the 11‐point NRS at six time points over 12 h. Secondary outcome measures included the amount of rescue analgesia, in morphine equivalents, and the occurrence of adverse events. Two‐way repeated‐measures ANOVA was used to compare the trend in NRSs across the two arms. The association between the complications and intervention was explored using the Fisher's exact test.ResultsForty‐six patients (23 in each arm) completed the study. There was no difference between treatment groups with respect to age, sex, vital signs, preenrollment analgesia, or baseline pain intensity. In comparing pain intensity during the study period, NRS scores at 30, 60, and 120 min were significantly lower in the ESPB group (p < 0.001) during rest and deep inspiration. Moreover, patients in the ESPB group received lesser rescue analgesia than those in the sham group (10 mg, IQR 2.5 vs. 20 mg, IQR 5 mg; p ≤ 0.01). There was no difference in adverse events between groups.ConclusionsUltrasound‐guided ESPB resulted in significantly reduced pain intensity over the study period and reduced amount of rescue analgesia and had no discernible difference in adverse events when compared with a sham.
Settler Colonial Beasts: Feral Pigs and Frontier Assemblages in Texas
Authors: Cons Jason , Eilenberg Michael 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis essay explores the role of feral pigs in assembling the Texas frontier. Quick to reproduce, highly adaptive, and destroyers of agricultural fields, feral pigs have emerged over the past decade as one of the principal challenges facing agriculture and land management systems in Texas. Yet, more than simply a pest, feral pigs have and continue to be active agents in forging new landscapes, ecologies, and settler‐colonial relations. We trace the history of the present pig “crisis” by exploring three paradigms for thinking pigs and the politics of ferality on the Texas frontier. These paradigms frame pigs as: “settler beasts” (companion species to settler expansion); “melting‐pot beasts” (feral pigs as representing diverse genetic remnants of settler expansion); and “invader beasts” (feral pigs framed as a threat). Our argument is that these paradigms index diverse material and discursive ways that feral pigs have and continue to assemble Texas's frontier landscape.
The commercial growth of farmer cooperatives in Romania: A double‐hurdle model analysis
Authors: Grashuis Jasper , Bercu Florentin , Florea Andrei‐Mirel , Radu Riana Iren 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn many countries, farmer cooperatives have been successful at facilitating access to markets in conditions of imperfect competition for a long time. However, modern farmer cooperatives have only been operational in Romania since 2005, and their development is slowed by several internal and external conditions. In the absence of empirical evidence of possible explanations for alleged shortcomings in the growth of farmer cooperatives in Romania, applied research is necessary to inform recommendations for practitioners, policymakers, and other stakeholders. Using financial data from 1,426 farmer cooperatives in Romania for the 2017–21 period, we estimate a double hurdle panel model of the probability and the intensity commercial activity with annual revenue as the variable of interest. All else equal, annual revenue increased in 2020 and 2021 relative to 2017, which to some extent refutes observations of underdevelopment. Although the membership size of farmer cooperatives in Romania is relatively small, its relationship to the probability and the intensity of commercial activity is positive. The relationship of age to the probability and the intensity of commercial activity is ∩‐shaped, which may imply a relatively short lifespan for farmer cooperatives in Romania. Possible explanations are member opportunism and double taxation misunderstandings, but further research is necessary to generate more insights.
Didactic and narrative persuasion: An experiment to promote colorectal cancer screening
Authors: Scaglioni Giulia , Chiereghin Angela , Squillace Lorena , De Frenza Francesca , Kregel John Martin , Bazzani Carmen , Mezzetti Francesca , Cavazza Nicoletta 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe tested whether a didactic and a narrative video (i.e. educational content and personal stories versus irrelevant information) could boost colorectal cancer (CRC) screening intention directly and through cognitive predictors of CRC screening behavior. We also tested whether exposure to a story changed participants' affective forecasting, reducing the perception of negative emotions associated with CRC screening (disgust, embarrassment, and fear). The study was conducted online with a between‐participants design and recruiting a convenience sample (N = 375). We found that, compared with watching the control video, being exposed to the narrative video about CRC screening was indirectly associated with greater screening intention via vicarious experience and positive attitudes, whereas watching the didactic video was positively associated with CRC screening intention only among participants who had received an invitation letter but did not get screened, and among those yet to receive an invitation to screen. In the latter group, screening intention was boosted through positive attitudes. Our findings do not confirm that stories change affective forecasting, but narration likely fosters messages acceptance through vicarious experience. We also found support for the effectiveness of physicians' recommendations in promoting CRC screening, an intervention that might be effectively administered through a generalized, cost‐effective video.
Long‐term follow‐up of web‐based and group‐based behavioural intervention in NAFLD in a real world clinical setting
Authors: Petroni Maria Letizia , Colosimo Santo , Brodosi Lucia , Armandi Angelo , Bertini Flavio , Montesi Danilo , Bugianesi Elisabetta , Marchesini Giulio 
Published: October 2023

SummaryBackgroundThe long‐term results of web‐based behavioural intervention in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) have not been described in patients followed in specialised centres.AimsTo analyse the long‐term effectiveness of web education compared with the results achieved by a group‐based behavioural intervention in the same years 2012–2014.MethodsWe followed 679 patients with NAFLD (web‐based, n = 290; group‐based, n = 389) for 5 years. Weight loss ≥10% was the primary outcome; secondary outcomes were attrition, changes in liver enzymes and in biomarkers of steatosis (Fatty liver Index) and fibrosis (Fibrosis‐4 index).ResultsThe cohorts differed in age, education, working status and presence of diabetes. Attrition was higher in the web‐based cohort (hazard ratio: 1.53; 95% CI: 1.24–1.88), but not different after adjustment for confounders. Among patients in active follow‐up, 50% lost ≥5% of initial body weight and 19% lost ≥10%, without difference between cohorts. Alanine aminotransferase levels fell to within the normal range in 51% and 45% of web‐ and group‐based cohorts, respectively. Fatty Liver Index declined progressively and, by year 5, it ruled out steatosis in 4.8%, whereas 24.9% were in the indeterminate range. Fibrosis‐4 index increased in both cohorts, driven by age, but the prevalence of cases ruling‐in advanced fibrosis remained very low (around 1%). Improvements in the class of both surrogate biomarkers were associated with ≥5% weight loss.ConclusionsAlthough burdened by attrition, web‐based behavioural intervention is feasible and effective in NAFLD, expanding the cohort involved in behavioural programs and reducing the risk of progressive disease.
S3 guideline „actinic keratosis and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma“ – update 2023, part 2: epidemiology and etiology, diagnostics, surgical and systemic treatment of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), surveillance and prevention
Authors: Leiter Ulrike , Heppt Markus V. , Steeb Theresa , Alter Mareike , Amaral Teresa , Bauer Andrea , Bechara Falk G. , Becker Jürgen C. , Breitbart Eckhard W. , Breuninger Helmut , Diepgen Thomas , Dirschka Thomas , Eigentler Thomas , ElGammal A. K. Stephan , Felcht Moritz , Flaig Michael J. , Follmann Markus , Fritz Klaus , Grabbe Stephan , Greinert Rüdiger , Gutzmer Ralf , Hauschild Axel , Hillen Uwe , Ihrler Stephan , John Swen Malte , Kofler Lukas , Koelbl Oliver , Krause‐Bergmann Albrecht , Kraywinkel Klaus , Krohn Steffen , Langer Thomas , Loquai Carmen , Löser Christoph R. , Mohr Peter , Nashan Dorothée , Nothacker Monika , Pfannenberg Christina , Salavastru Carmen , Schmitz Lutz , Stockfleth Eggert , Szeimies Rolf‐Markus , Ulrich Claas , Voelter‐Mahlknecht Susanne , Vordermark Dirk , Weichenthal Michael , Welzel Julia , Wermker Kai , Wiegand Susanne , Garbe Claus , Berking Carola 
Published: October 2023

SummaryActinic keratosis (AK) are common lesions in light‐skinned individuals that can potentially progress to cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). Both conditions may be associated with significant morbidity and constitute a major disease burden, especially among the elderly. To establish an evidence‐based framework for clinical decision making, the guideline “actinic keratosis and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma” was updated and expanded by the topics cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in situ (Bowen's disease) and actinic cheilitis. The guideline is aimed at dermatologists, general practitioners, ear nose and throat specialists, surgeons, oncologists, radiologists and radiation oncologists in hospitals and office‐based settings, as well as other medical specialties, policy makers and insurance funds involved in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with AK and cSCC. A separate guideline exists for patients and their relatives. In this part, we will address aspects relating to epidemiology and etiology, diagnostics, surgical and systemic treatment of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), surveillance and prevention.
AnAstyanax mexicanus maoknockout line uncovers the developmental roles of monoamine homeostasis in fish brain
Authors: Alunni Alessandro , Pierre Constance , Torres‐Paz Jorge , Clairet Natacha , Langlumé Auriane , Pavie Marie , Escoffier‐Pirouelle Thomas , Leblanc Michael , Blin Maryline , Rétaux Sylvie 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMonoaminergic systems are conserved in vertebrates, yet they present variations in neuroanatomy, genetic components and functions across species. MonoAmine Oxidase, or MAO, is the enzyme responsible for monoamine degradation. While mammals possess two genes,MAO‐AandMAO‐B, fish possess one singlemaogene. To study the function of MAO and monoamine homeostasis on fish brain development and physiology, here we have generated amaoknockout line inAstyanax mexicanus(surface fish), by CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Homozygotemaoknockout larvae died at 13 days post‐fertilization. Through a time‐course analysis, we report that hypothalamic serotonergic neurons undergo fine and dynamic regulation of serotonin level upon loss ofmaofunction, in contrast to those in the raphe, which showed continuously increased serotonin levels – as expected. Dopaminergic neurons were not affected bymaoloss‐of‐function. At behavioral level, knockout fry showed a transient decrease in locomotion that followed the variations in the hypothalamus serotonin neuronal levels. Finally, we discovered a drastic effect ofmaoknockout on brain progenitors proliferation in the telencephalon and hypothalamus, including a reduction in the number of proliferative cells and an increase of the cell cycle length. Altogether, our results show that MAO has multiple and varied effects onAstyanax mexicanusbrain development. Mostly, they bring novel support to the idea that serotonergic neurons in the hypothalamus and raphe of the fish brain are different in nature and identity, and they unravel a link between monoaminergic homeostasis and brain growth.
Learn 2050! How We Transformed America's Learning System
Authors: Wasserman Arnold 
Published: October 2023

It's the year 2050 and this pioneer of the Redesign Learning movement is looking back on the parlous state of American public education in the early decades of the century. It was his 2014 call to action that committed America's design community to this public service mission—an initiative that helped kick‐start a transformation.It's the year 2050 and education in America from pre‐K to college is free. You don’t have to choose between the humanities and an all‐out prep for a technical career. And it's all because educators and legislators stopped focusing on education and started thinking about learning.
The role of dental professionals in identifying, reporting, and supporting domestic violence victims
Authors: Levin Liran , Bhatti Chanroop 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDomestic violence is a pervasive social issue affecting individuals across all demographics and has severe consequences for both the victims and society. Domestic violence is commonly defined as the exertion of power by one individual over another within a relationship, aiming to establish a sense of fear, control, and authority. The connection between domestic violence and oral health is established, with common oral health issues associated with domestic violence, such as dental trauma, head and neck bruises and injuries as well as facial fractures. Dental professionals play a crucial role in detecting signs of domestic violence by closely examining the head and neck region and the oral cavity during routine examinations. The significance of approaching patients suspected of experiencing domestic violence with sensitivity and empathy is of utmost importance. Recommendations include establishing trust, maintaining confidentiality, using open‐ended questions, and providing information about local resources. Legal and ethical considerations are paramount, highlighting the obligations of dental professionals in cases of suspected domestic violence, including mandatory reporting laws and the balance between patient autonomy and safety. Challenges faced by dental professionals in reporting and intervening are discussed as well in this narrative review, emphasizing the importance of collaboration with other healthcare professionals and support services. This review underscores the vital role of dental care providers in recognizing signs of domestic violence, promoting intervention and support, and contributing to the well‐being and safety of individuals impacted by domestic violence.