bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Higher dietary vitamin C intake is associated with higher grip strength in adults: The Framingham Offspring Study
Authors: Sahni Shivani , Jacques Paul F. , Dufour Alyssa B. , Kiel Douglas P. , McLean Robert R. , Hannan Marian T. 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveOxidative stress has been implicated as a central mechanism of age‐related decline in muscle. Vitamin C is important for skeletal muscle due to its dual role as an antioxidant and as an enzyme cofactor for collagen and carnitine biosynthesis. Carnitine plays a critical role in energy production by transporting long‐chain fatty acids into the mitochondria so they can be oxidized. Two non‐US studies of older adults have related higher vitamin C status or intake with higher physical strength and performance. Therefore, we determined the cross‐sectional association of dietary vitamin C with grip strength in men and women from the Framingham Offspring Cohort.Methods2,184 men and women completed a Willett's food frequency questionnaire (in either 1996–1998 or 1999–2001) and had grip strength measured using an adjustable Jamar isometric hand‐held dynamometer in 1999–2001 (kg, max of 2 trials). We used sex‐specific linear regression to calculate beta coefficients and P values for the association between dietary vitamin C and grip strength adjusting for age, weight, height, total energy intake (residual method), physical activity and vitamin C supplement use (yes/no).ResultsMean age was 58.4±8.8y (range 29–83y). Median vitamin C intake from diet was 184.5±326.3 mg/d (men) and 205.6±343.4 mg/d (women). Mean grip strength was 40.4±9.7 kg (men) and 23.4±6.0 kg (women). Higher dietary vitamin C was associated with higher grip strength after adjustment for relevant covariates [β±SE (P value) for men: 0.009±0.003 (P=0.007) and for women: 0.0035±0.002 (P=0.06)]. When examined in tertiles, women in highest tertile of dietary vitamin C (T3, median intake 219.7 mg/d) had higher grip strength compared to women in the lowest tertile (T1, median intake 75.4 mg/d) of intake (P trend=0.009). Similar patterns of results were seen in men [Median intake: 220.9 mg/d (T3) and 73.8 mg/d (T1), P trend=0.04].ConclusionsThese findings suggest that higher dietary vitamin C may be beneficial for muscle strength in adult men and women. Future research should determine the most important mechanisms underlying these significant epidemiologic associations.Support or Funding InformationThe American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR) Grants in Aid Program (GAP) Award, NIH AR # 053205, FHS HHSN268201500001I and R01AR041398.

Adjusted least square mean grip strength (kg) by tertiles of dietary vitamin C (mg/d).

Least square means of grip strength (kg) by tertiles of vitamin C intake (mg/d)
P Trend

Tertile 1
Tertile 2
Tertile 3

Men
39.82±0.49
40.16±0.47
41.32±0.49†
0.04

Women
23.02±0.26
23.30±0.24
24.02±0.26*
0.009

Adjusted for age, weight, height, total energy intake (residual method), physical activity and vitamin C supplement use (yes/no),
P<0.05 compared to T1 and
P<0.05 compared to T1.
Higher intake of meat, oil, grains, fruits and legumes discriminated higher muscle mass among urban community ‐ free living adults
Authors: Bernardino Caroline , Vilches Gabriel Nogueira , Pereira Leonardo Elias Ferreira , Kano Hugo Tadashi , Burini Roberto Carlos 
Published: November 2023

As a major tissue of the body, skeletal muscle buffers endogenous free aminoacids supply, acid basic capacity, energy‐yilding substrates and total daily energy expenditure. Its biodynamic properties allow daily‐free living activities for body equilibrium, locomotion and strength. In general skeletal muscle mass weight reflects behavioral factors such as physical activity and dietary intake.The aim was to determine the major behavioral (dietary and fitness) and intrinsic (body fat and plasma biochemistry composition) variables associated with higher muscle mass in free‐living adults enrolled in a lifestyle modification program (LSMP).The cross‐sectional study involved retrospective data from 660 subjects (males and females) enrolled in the LSMP “Move for Health” from 2004 to 2014. The BIA analysis of muscle mass along with height (m) was used for the muscle mass index (MMI) calculation (kgMM/m2) whose quartiles were used for comparisons. ANOVA‐one way test was used to compare the quartiles of MMI and co‐variables. The data were presented as mean ± SE and p<0.05 was used for significance.The quartiles of MMI varied from 6.66±0.04 kgMM/m2 (P25) to 10.6±0.04 kgMM/m2 (P75). The top quartile was discriminated from others by higher age, BMI and WC (and abdominal sagital diameter – ASD) along with higher handgrip strength (33.6±0.84 Kj) with similar aerobic capacity (33.2±0.66 mlO2/kg/min) and flexibility (20.7±0.77 cm). Biochemically they were differentiated by higher triglyceridemia (157±4.76 mg/dL), γGT activity (38.3±1.85 U/L), uric acid (5.8±0.10 mg/dL) and lower HDL‐chol (44.0±0.84 mg/dL) values. Biochemical abnormalities denote pro‐inflammatory state probably led by the relatively higher fatness shown by these subjects. Nutritionally the top quartile presented higher energy intake (1840±45 kcal/d) with higher saturated fat (8.14±0.33%) participation. Their daily servings were higher for meat (1.86±0.10), oils (2.49±0.14), fibers (19.5±0.67 g//d), grains (4.07±0.14), fruits (3.40±0.22) and legumes (1.73±0.11) overall, still remaining in a poor quality diet by the Healthy Eating Index.Thus higher muscle mass in a community adults can be achieved through lifestyle modification program including dietary‐adequacy counselling preferentially associated with a resistance physical exercise training.Support or Funding InformationSupported by CAPES, CNPq and Fundap
Serum bone‐building metabolites are enhanced by a restricted vitamin A intervention in Zambian children with high liver reserves of vitamin A
Authors: Olsen Kiersten E , Binkley Neil , Gannon Bryan M , Tanumihardjo Sherry A 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundVarious programs to alleviate vitamin A (VA) deficiency include supplementation and fortification with preformed VA. Therefore, VA toxicity is of potential concern. The physiological effects and cut‐offs associated with hypervitaminosis A remain to be elucidated. The effect of VA status on bone health is still controversial, but high intake of preformed VA may lead to bone disease.ObjectivesThis study investigated serum markers of bone formation, intact N‐terminal propeptide of type 1 procollagen (P1NP), and bone resorption, C‐terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX), along with serum calcium, parathyroid hormone (PTH), 25‐hydroxy vitamin D, and VA esters in 5–7 year old Zambian children whose total body VA stores were measured (n = 133).MethodsA randomized, controlled, 90‐day feeding trial was completed. All children were fed a low VA‐containing diet during the intervention. Three treatment groups consisted of a negative control group (VA−, n = 47), who ate white maize and received daily placebo oil; the test group (orange, n = 46), who ate orange maize and received daily placebo oil; and a positive control group (VA+, n = 47), who ate white maize and received VA [retinyl palmitate, 400 μg RAEs (current U.S. Recommended Daily Allowance for children this age)] in oil. Blood samples were taken at baseline, endline, and after a 14‐day washout period. P1NP, CTX, and PTH were analyzed using ELISA kits. Vitamin A esters were analyzed by HPLC and 25‐OH‐vitamin D was analyzed by ultra‐performance LC. Serum calcium was determined with inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry.ResultsP1NP did not differ among treatment groups at baseline (670 ± 202 microg/L) but showed a treatment effect over the course of the intervention with the VA− group having the highest overall mean (1270 ± 482 microg/L) followed by the orange maize group (1002 ± 507 microg/L) and the VA+ group (748 ± 195 microg/L) (P< 0.0001). CTX, serum calcium, 25‐hydroxy vitamin D, and VA esters did not differ among the treatment groups (P>0.31) at endline. After the intervention, CTX (2.2 ± 0.6 ng/mL) was above the reference range, and low serum calcium (<88 microg/mL) and low 25(OH) D (<30 ng/mL) were prevalent (94% and 92%, respectively). Although normal, PTH differed among treatment groups (P=0.0089) with the orange maize treatment group being higher than the VA− and VA+ groups, which did not differ.ConclusionsThis study found that bone formation was enhanced during VA restriction in children with hypervitaminosis A. Further research is needed to tease out the influence of VA on bone metabolism considering food fortification is with preformed VA.Support or Funding InformationThis work was supported by an endowment entitled “Friday Chair for Vegetable Processing Research”, Global Health funds, and HarvestPlus Agreement 8256.
Effects of a High‐Fat, High‐Cholesterol Diet or Hyperphagia on Bone Mass, Bone Strength and Serum Turnover Markers in Male Rats
Authors: Ortinau Laura Christine , Richard Matthew , Dirkes Rebecca , Linden Melissa , Rector R. Scott , Hinton Pamela 
Published: November 2023

Individuals with obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) have increased risk for fracture, despite normal or elevated bone mineral density (BMD). Here, we tested the hypothesis that bone outcomes would be negatively impacted by hyperphagia or a high‐fat, high‐cholesterol diet (HFC) versus a control diet (CON) using hyperphagic Ostuka Long‐Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats, which spontaneously develop obesity and T2D, and normophagic Long‐Evans Tokushima (LETO) rats. Eight‐week old male OLETF and LETO rats were randomly assigned to either the CON (10% kcal fat from soybean oil and lard) or HFC (45% kcal fat from soybean oil and lard with 1% cholesterol) diet for 24 weeks. At 32 weeks of age, body composition, total body bone mineral content (BMC) and BMD were measured by DXA. Bone strength was measured by torsional loading of the femur to failure. Serum markers of bone formation (amino‐terminal propeptide of type I collagen, P1NP; osteocalcin, OC) and resorption (tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase, TRAP5b; C‐terminal peptide of type I collagen, CTx) were measured using ELISA. Fasting glucose was measured using glucose oxidase. Main and interactive effects of diet (HFC vs. CON) and hyperphagia (hyperphagic OLETF vs. normophagic LETO) were evaluated using two‐factor analysis of variance with peak body weight as a covariate. The HFC diet or hyperphagia significantly increased body weight and fat mass (HFC vs. CON: p<0.05; hyperphagic OLETF vs. normophagic LETO: p<0.05); and hyperphagic OLETF rats had significantly increased blood glucose (p<0.001). Hyperphagia reduced total body BMC and, high‐fat‐feeding decreased BMC and BMD (p<0.05). Hyperphagic OLETF rats had reduced serum P1NP and TRAP5b, and increased CTx vs. normophagic LETO rats (p<0.001, all). The HFC diet increased TRAP5b compared to the CON diet (p<0.05). There were significant interactions for the bone strength outcomes, such that maximal torque (Tmax), stiffness (Ks), ultimate tensile strength (Su), were increased only in normophagic LETO rats fed the HFC diet (Tmax p=0.061; Ks p=0.058; and Su p<0.05) vs L‐CON; the HFC diet had no effect on these measures in hyperphagic OLETF rats. Overall, hyperphagia reduced total body BMC, and increased bone resorption and decreased formation. Consumption of a HFC diet reduced total body BMC and BMD, and increased cortical bone strength in normophagic rats.Support or Funding InformationThis work was supported by NIH, a VA Career Development Award, a University of Missouri Research Council Grant, and the Department of Nutrition & Exercise Physiology.
Choline Supplementation Improves Behavioral Aspects of Mice Exposed to Ethanol in Utero
Authors: Pjetri Eneda , Surzenko Natalia , Munson Carolyn A. , Zeisel Steven H. 
Published: November 2023

Maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy leads to a range of long lasting developmental defects and deficits in the child that include effects on brain and behavior, collectively known as Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD). The neurobiology is complex, not well understood and there is no effective treatment. A recent study reported beneficial effects of choline supplementation in children with FASD. Choline is an essential nutrient needed for the structural integrity of cell membranes, for acetylcholine synthesis and for methyl group metabolism. In this study, we use a mouse model to assess the effects of dietary choline supplementation of dams on brain development of embryos and pups exposed to ethanol in utero. Mice were exposed to 10% v/v ethanol in drinking water for 10 days prior to mating (48hrs) and during gestation. Choline supplementation started at the same time as ethanol exposure and continued until postnatal day 15. Behavioral testing took place when pups were 5 – 8 weeks old. Choline supplementation improved performance of ethanol‐exposed pups on the T‐maze spatial alternation test, when compared to pups that were also exposed but not supplemented, while their performance was not different from the control group. We did not observe a difference in their open field activity or in their motor balance, assessed with an accelerating Rotarod. Currently, we are investigating the effects on brain structure and underlying mechanisms using embryonic day 17 fetal brains from each of the treatment groups. These studies will increase our understanding of the FASD neurobiology and how choline mitigates behavioral consequences of FASD, with important implications for future treatment possibilities.Support or Funding InformationThis research is funded from Nutrition Research Institute, UNC Chapel Hill and NIH DK056350.
Ultrasound‐induced Changes in Structural and Physical Properties of Whey Proteins
Authors: Guo Mingruo , Shen Xue , Shao Shengnan 
Published: November 2023

The effects of high‐intensity ultrasound treatment on structural and physical properties of whey proteins were investigated. Whey protein isolate (WPI) suspensions were treated with an ultrasound probe (20 kHz) at different amplitudes (20 or 30%) and times (10 or 20 min). Changes in particle size, molecular weight, turbidity, soluble nitrogen, thermal denaturation and rheological properties of whey proteins were studied by dynamic light scattering (DLS), SDS‐PAGE, absorbance at 400 nm, nitrogen solubility at pH4.6, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and rheology methodology, respectively. The particle size was significantly reduced (P<0.05), while their distributions were broadened after ultrasound treatment. No significant difference was observed in molecular weight and denaturation temperature of WPI suspensions before and after ultrasound treatment (P>0.05). Ultrasound treatment significantly decreased the turbidity of WPI solutions (P<0.05). There is no further significant reduction in turbidity of WPI suspensions after 10 min of ultrasound treatment at 20% amplitude (P>0.05). Soluble nitrogen (pH4.6) was significantly increased by ultrasonic treatment (P<0.05). Ultrasound intensity had a greater impact on soluble nitrogen than treatment time. Ultrasound treatment resulted in changes in the flow behavior index (n) of WPI solutions from 0.83 to 0.86. The viscosity of WPI dispersions at 200 s−1 was dependent on the amplitude and time of ultrasound. Ultrasound treatment also reduced both the storage modulus (G′) and loss modulus (G″) of WPI solutions and formed more viscous (fluid character) for WPI solutions. Initial temperature of heat‐induced gelation was not changed by ultrasound treatment. Results indicated that ultrasound treatment had considerable impacts on structural and physical properties of WPI. High intensity ultrasoud could be used to improve certain functional properties of whey protein isolate.Support or Funding InformationSupported by The Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Project# 2013BAD18B07)
Foodomics Database: A New Tool for Precision Medicine and the ‐omic Toolbox
Authors: Allen Hannah J , Lennon Dylan J , Lukosaityte Jurate , Borum Peggy R 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundFoodomics is an emerging –omic approach to obtain food molecular profiles. Release 28 of the USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference (SR28) contains data for up to 150 food molecules and is a source of foodomics data, but SR28 is not reflective of the changing marketplace directly accessed by consumers. Nutrition Facts Labels (NFLs) for brand specific foods in the marketplace reflect current nutrient information but usually contain less than 15 nutrients. The best method to determine food molecular profiles is to apply analytical techniques to food before consumption, but this is resource intensive. An alternative approach is to estimate food molecular profiles by integrating up‐to‐date information in NFLs and SR28. A foodomics database that integrates current NFLs and SR28 is needed to obtain foodomic profiles of a person's (or animal's) dietary intake and, therefore, implement precision medicine for each person.ObjectiveCreate a foodomics database that integrates current NFLs and SR28 to obtain food molecular profiles for brand specific foods.MethodsPhotographs of NFLs for brand specific foods were taken in Florida grocery stores in 2015, uploaded to a Qualtrics survey, and data in NFLs were entered and audited in a database. Carbohydrate was estimated by using the higher value of 1) gram weight on the NFL or 2) Calories remaining after subtraction of fat and protein Calories from total Calories. The ratio of NFL nutrients (e.g. saturated fat (g)) to the same nutrient in SR28 was defined as “NFL factor”. The following methods were used to integrate NFLs and SR28: 1) When NFL data were available, NFL data directly replaced SR28 data, 2) When NFL data were unavailable (e.g. C16:0) but were part of an NFL nutrient group (e.g. saturated fat (g)), the nutrient group NFL factor was used to impute the missing food molecule (e.g. total saturated fat factor to impute C16:0), 3) When NFL data were unavailable, SR28 data were used.ResultsNFLs for 1,709 brand specific foods were collected from local grocery stores in 2015. The foodomics database contains up to 150 molecules per gram weight of food for 1,709 brand specific foods and 8,789 foods from SR28. The foodomics database is updated annually.ConclusionThe foodomics database facilitates discovery‐based and hypothesis‐driven studies that integrate food molecular profiles with data from other high‐resolution phenotyping datasets to unravel the myriad effects of diet on health in a wide variety of nutritional and non‐nutritional perturbations. These methods will pave the way for nutrition to be a vital part of precision medicine so that the right food molecules are given in the right amount, at the right time, and to the right person.Support or Funding InformationThis work supported in part by the NIH/NCATS Clinical and Translational Science Award to the University of Florida UL1 TR000064
Metatranscriptomics: Monitoring Gut Microbiome Activity in Response to Diet
Authors: Westreich Samuel T. , Korf Ian , Mills David A , Lemay Danielle G 
Published: November 2023

The study of the gut microbiome—the collection of microflora within the intestinal tract—is growing in popularity as associations are found between diet and nutrition, gut microflora activity, and host health and disease. However, current metagenomic and ribosomal profiling approaches are unable to capture changes in activity within the gut microbiome populations. In this environment, shifts in diet or nutritional intake may not result in microbiome population changes, but may instead influence the activity of the existing microbial community. Metatranscriptomics—the study of microbial population activity based on RNA‐seq data—offers detailed data on the gene expression of all microbes within the sampled community. Unfortunately, current approaches for processing raw metatranscriptome data rely either on restricted databases, a fully in‐house analysis server, or use metagenome‐based approaches that have not been fully evaluated for use in processing metatranscriptomic datasets.We have created a new bioinformatics pipeline, SAMSA (Simple Analysis of Metatranscriptome Sequence Annotations), designed specifically for metatranscriptome dataset analysis, with options for either in‐house or external server‐based computational processing. Designed for use by researchers with relatively little bioinformatics experience, SAMSA offers a breakdown of metatranscriptome activity by organism or transcript function, and is fully open source. We have also determined a series of “best practices” for metatranscriptome preprocessing and sequencing for the most accurate analysis results. Using publicly available data, we have demonstrated that SAMSA offers summary analysis of both the organism activity and transcript‐level expression within a metatranscriptome, as well as identifying the most significant expression changes between control and experimental populations. We expect that SAMSA will shed new light on expression changes within the gut microbiome, providing a deeper understanding of how this community reacts to dietary modulation.Support or Funding InformationFunded in part by the Peter J. Shields Endowed Chair in Dairy Food Science (D.M.) S.W. was supported by a fellowship under the Training Program in Biomolecular Technology (NIGMS‐NIH T32‐GM008799) at the University of California, Davis.
The Effects of Symbiotic Ice Cream on Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Microbiome
Authors: McNamara Erin , Giraud David , Fernando Samodha , Albrecht Julie 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundDiet is an important factor in gastrointestinal health. A symbiotic food option utilizing prebiotic and probiotic ingredients may be beneficial for improving gastrointestinal health.ObjectiveThe objective was to conduct a human subject study with symbiotic ice cream to determine its biological effectiveness as a carrier for a prebiotic and probiotic.MethodsThis study was a 13 week, blinded, crossover, trial of symbiotic ice cream containing one prebiotic source, inulin and two strains of probiotic bacteria normally found in humans. Fecal samples were collected at the beginning of each washout period and weekly during the 3 week consumption periods. Fecal samples were processed using the protocol for MoBio PowerSoil/DNA extraction and analyzed with probes designed from the initial bacteria used. Bacteria levels for the 2 strains were quantified. A diet recall was collected prior to the trial period to determine prebiotic and probiotic foods normally consumed. Participants kept a log book to track gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms during the study.ResultsThirteen subjects completed the study. Results of the log book indicated that there was no significant differences in reported GI symptoms due to symbiotic ice cream consumption. Data analysis of the effect of symbiotic ice cream consumption on microbiome populations is ongoing.Support or Funding InformationSupported by the University of Nebraska Agricultural Research Division Hatch Project NEB‐36‐080.