bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationships between air swallowing, intragastric air, belching and gastro‐oesophageal reflux
Authors: Bredenoord A. J. , Weusten B. L. A. M. , Timmer R. , Akkermans L. M. A. , Smout A. J. P. M. 
Published: May 2005

Abstract  Background  With each swallow a certain amount of air is transported to the stomach. The stomach protects itself against excessive distention by swallowed air through belching (gas reflux). The mechanism of belching (transient lower oesophageal sphincter relaxation) is also one of the mechanisms underlying gastro‐oesophageal reflux.Aim  To investigate whether swallowing of air leads to an increase in size of the intragastric air bubble and to gastro‐oesophageal reflux.Methods  Multichannel intraluminal impedance mea‐surement was used to quantify the incidence of swallowing of air in 20 healthy volunteers before and after a meal. Radiography was used to measure the size of the intragastric air bubble. Gastro‐oesophageal reflux was assessed by concurrent impedance and pH measurement.Results  The rate of air swallowing was correlated to the size of the intragastric air bubble postprandially and to the rate of gaseous gastro‐oesophageal reflux. The number of air swallows and the size of the intragastric air bubble did not correlate with the number of liquid acid and non‐acid reflux episodes.Conclusions  In healthy subjects, air swallowing promotes belching but does not facilitate acid reflux.
Effect of E. coli Nissle 1917 on post‐inflammatory visceral sensory function in a rat model
Authors: Liebregts T. , Adam B. , Bertel A. , Jones S. , Schulze J. , Enders C. , Sonnenborn U. , Lackner K. , Holtmann G. 
Published: May 2005

Abstract  Objective:  Visceral hyperalgesia (VH) plays a key role for the manifestation of functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorders. In a subgroup of patients, the initial manifestation is preceded by GI inflammation. Recent studies have demonstrated an improvement of inflammation and symptoms during treatment with Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN).Aim:  We aimed to characterize the effects of EcN on visceral sensitivity in a rat model of post‐inflammatory VH.Methods:  Male Lewis rats underwent colorectal instillation of trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid (TNBS) plus an equal amount of ethanol (test group) or physiological saline solution (control group). After 28, 35 and 42 days, standardized colorectal distensions were performed and the visceromotor reflex (VMR) of abdominal wall muscles was quantified by electromyographic recording. From day 28 onwards, EcN was administered in drinking water.Results:  After TNBS, a significant increase of VMR was observed compared with saline controls over all study days. Administration of EcN reduced the TNBS‐induced hyperalgesia [EcN: 863 ± 125 μV vs placebo: 1258 ± 157 μV (P < 0.05)] at day 35, while there were no significant alterations at any other study day.Conclusion:  The EcN administration caused a significant reduction of VH. Whether EcN might play a role in the treatment of post‐infectious functional bowel disorders remains to be investigated in further studies.
The placebo effect in irritable bowel syndrome trials: a meta‐analysis1
Authors: Patel S. M. , Stason W. B. , Legedza A. , Ock S. M. , Kaptchuk T. J. , Conboy L. , Canenguez K. , Park J. K. , Kelly E. , Jacobson E. , Kerr C. E. , Lembo A. J. 
Published: May 2005

Abstract  Background:  Despite the apparent high placebo response rate in randomized placebo‐controlled trials (RCT) of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), little is known about the variability and predictors of this response.Objectives:  To describe the magnitude of response in placebo arms of IBS clinical trials and to identify which factors predict the variability of the placebo response.Methods:  We performed a meta‐analysis of published, English language, RCT with 20 or more IBS patients who were treated for at least 2 weeks. This analysis is limited to studies that assessed global response (improvement in overall symptoms). The variables considered as potential placebo modifiers were study design, study duration, use of a run‐in phase, Jadad score, entry criteria, number of office visits, number of office visits/study duration, use of diagnostic testing, gender, age and type of medication studied.Findings:  Forty‐five placebo‐controlled RCTs met the inclusion criteria. The placebo response ranged from 16.0 to 71.4% with a population‐weighted average of 40.2%, 95% CI (35.9–44.4). Significant associations with lower placebo response rates were fulfilment of the Rome criteria for study entry (P = 0.049) and an increased number of office visits (P = 0.026).Conclusions:  Placebo effects in IBS clinical trials measuring a global outcome are highly variable. Entry criteria and number of office visits are significant predictors of the placebo response. More stringent entry criteria and an increased number of office visits appear to independently decrease the placebo response.
Developing a worker role: Stories of four people with mental illness
Authors: Kennedy‐Jones Mary , Cooper Joanne , Fossey Ellie 
Published: May 2005

Background and Aims: Work plays an important role in adults’ well‐being, irrespective of health status. Vocational rehabilitation can enable people with mental illness to return to open employment. A narrative approach was used to explore how individuals with a mental illness made sense of their work‐related experiences.Methods and Results: Four Clubhouse members in open employment for at least 6 months completed in‐depth, semistructured interviews, from which narratives were created to reveal events, significant persons and actions that assisted these individuals to resume work. Woven into the participants’ stories were four ‘impelling forces’ contributing to a sense‐of‐self as a worker. These impelling forces were: support from significant others, the personal meaning of work, experiences within the Clubhouse programme, and the ongoing struggle with illness. Implications for occupational therapy practice are discussed.Conclusion: The findings of this study urge occupational therapists and others to provide opportunities to provide on‐going support to people with a mental illness who seek paid employment.
Injured workers’ perspectives of their rehabilitation process under the New South Wales Workers Compensation System
Authors: Sager Lorraine , James Carole 
Published: May 2005

Aim: Occupational injury and the process of rehabilitation can impact significantly on an individual's life. Research on the perspectives of injured workers, and their perceptions of the occupational therapy role, is limited.Method: A qualitative, phenomenological study explored the experiences of six injured workers, from a large regional area health service, who had undergone occupational rehabilitation within the NSW Workers Compensation System. Data were collected through the use of in‐depth, semistructured interviews and were analysed inductively.Results: Injured workers have a limited knowledge and understanding of the rehabilitation process, feel unsupported throughout the process, have unsatisfying return‐to‐work duties and often experience negative attitudes from key stakeholders.Conclusion: The results highlight the opportunity for occupational therapists to increase their role within occupational rehabilitation; however, they need to adopt a more holistic approach to their practice.
Female and male occupational therapists: A comparison of their job satisfaction level
Authors: Meade Ian , Brown G. Ted , Trevan‐Hawke Judith 
Published: May 2005

Aim: The purpose of this study was to compare the level of job satisfaction of a group of Queensland female and male occupational therapists.Methods: A demographic questionnaire and theJob Descriptive Indexwere mailed to all male occupational therapists (n = 65) and selected female occupational therapists (n = 130) who were matched to the male therapists’ based on their residential address and year of graduation.Results: The survey results indicated that female and male occupational therapists were bothvery satisfiedwith four aspects of their job: work on the job, supervision, co‐workers, and the job in general. Female and male respondents were also on average ‘moderately satisfied’ with the scale of pay. However, female therapists were significantly (P < 0.05) more dissatisfied with regard to opportunities for promotion. Potential future high attrition of both male and female occupational therapists was highlighted, with 60 per cent of the sample group indicating that they would leave the profession within 10 years.Conclusion: The job satisfaction findings of this study will assist the occupational therapy profession to build on positive outcomes, address problem areas, and improve retention rates.
Discriminant validity of the Developmental Test of Visual–Motor Integration in relation to children with handwriting dysfunction
Authors: Goyen Traci‐Anne , Duff Sharon 
Published: May 2005

Background:  The Developmental Test of Visual–Motor Integration (VMI) is commonly used to assess handwriting dysfunction in children. The relationship between handwriting and underlying abilities as measured by the VMI, beyond the writing readiness stage, is unclear. The present study examined the ability of the VMI to discriminate between children with and without handwriting dysfunction. Methods:  As part of a larger research study, 35 children with handwriting dysfunction from grades 4–6 (as identified by their teachers) and 35 children without handwriting dysfunction were assessed with the VMI. Results:  The VMI correctly identified only a small number of the children with handwriting dysfunction (sensitivity, 34%). Conclusion:  The authors caution against the routine use of the VMI to assess older school‐aged children with handwriting dysfunction. Use of a model of practice and clinical reasoning is recommended to guide the assessment of children with handwriting dysfunction.
Signaling pathways in ascidian oocyte maturation: Effects of various inhibitors and activators on germinal vesicle breakdown
Authors: Lambert Charles C. 
Published: May 2005

The Ascidiacea, the invertebrate chordates, includes three orders; the Stolidobranchia is the most complex. Until the present study, the onset of oocyte maturation (germinal vesicle breakdown) had been investigated in only a single pyurid (Halocynthia roretzi), in which germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) begins when the oocyte contacts seawater (SW); nothing was known about internal events. This study strongly suggests the importance of protein phosphorylation in this process. Herdmania pallida (Pyuridae) functions like H. roretzi; GVBD occurs in SW. Oocytes of Cnemidocarpa irene (Styelidae) do not spontaneously undergo GVBD in SW but must be activated. Herdmania oocytes are inhibited from GVBD by pH 4 SW and subsequently activated by mastoparan (G‐protein activator), A23187 (Ca2+ ionophore) or dimethylbenzanthracene (tyrosine kinase activator). This requires maturation promoting factor (MPF) activity; cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitors roscovitine and olomoucine are inhibitory. It also entails dephosphorylation as demonstrated by the ability of the phosphatase inhibitor vitamin K3 to inhibit GVBD. GVBD is also inhibited by the tyrosine kinase inhibitors tyrphostin A23 and genistein, and LY‐294002, a phosphatidylinositol‐3‐kinase inhibitor previously shown to inhibit starfish GVBD. LY‐294002 inhibits strongly when activation is by mastoparan or ionophore but not when activated by dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA). The DMBA is hypothesized to phosphorylate a phosphatase directly or indirectly causing secondary activation, bypassing inhibition.
Spatial and temporal distribution of herbicides and herbicide degradates in a shallow glacial drift aquifer/surface water system, south‐central Michigan
Authors: Unterreiner Gerald A. , Kehew Alan E. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractHerbicide and herbicide degradate compounds were measured in tile drains, monitoring wells, domestic wells, and in the receiving stream at a farm in south‐central Michigan, in which corn, soybeans, and livestock are the major products. Immunoassay screens of two herbicide groups (triazines and alachlor) in 2000 showed a decrease in the number of detections from June to September, after the well‐known spring flush, of 48% to 26% for alachlor and 62% to 22% for the triazines. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry analyses of 2001 samples documented a fall flush as well, mobilizing relatively high levels of both parent and degradate compounds to the tile drain system. The compounds included both metolachlor and atrazine, which were applied on the farm earlier that year, as well as the degradates of alachlor, which had not been applied on the farm for several years. In four tile drain samples, metolachlor was detected at concentrations ranging from 18 to 25 μg/L, whereas atrazine ranged from nondetect to 2.25 μg/L. Contrary to previous studies, metolachlor concentrations were higher than metolachlor ethane sulfonic acid, by a factor of 3 to 7. The high soil permeability, high water table, and shallow screened intervals of monitoring wells directly below the point of application may explain the lesser degree of breakdown at the point of sampling. Although most detections were below maximum contaminant level or health advisory levels, the unknown effects of degradates and the aggregate levels of compounds measured in many samples may pose higher health risks than for individual compounds.
Evidenced‐Based Use of Botanicals, Minerals, and Vitamins in the Prophylactic Treatment of Migraines
Authors: Rios Juanita , Passe Megan M. 
Published: May 2005

PurposeTo analyze evidence‐based information about alternative prophylactic pharmacological migraine treatments utilizing feverfew, butter‐bur, magnesium, and riboflavin and to discuss the mechanism of action, dosage recommen‐dations, side effects, and contraindications for each treatment.Data SourcesData obtained via electronic databases and professional medical references.ConclusionsCurrent clinical data support the use of feverfew, butterbur, magnesium, and riboflavin in migraine prophylaxis; however, studies are limited but promising regarding the participants’ perceived relief. Studies with rigorous methodologies and larger sample sizes are needed to further support the safe and effective use of these treatments.Implications for PracticeWith increased patient access to information regarding alternative migraine treatments, nurse practitioners (NPs) and other health care providers must be knowledgeable about evidence‐based data regarding these alternative treatments to appropriately offer safe patient care.
Perceived Stress Reported by Nurse Practitioner Students
Authors: Maville Janice A. , Tucker Barbara A. , Kranz Peter L. 
Published: May 2005

PurposeTo explore the phenomenon of stress as perceived by nurse practitioner (NP)students enrolled in a master of science in nursing program.Data SourcesThe study utilized a qualitative approach for data collection and analysis consistent with grounded theory methodology. We recruited 12 students,4 men and 8 women, during their final year of a university‐based NP program. Data were collected through individual interviews and a demographic questionnaire.ConclusionsStudents reported stress levels ranging from moderate to highest ever in their lives. Although reasons given for becoming an NP included increased autonomy and increased ability, high‐level stress was attributed to high demands and to independent teaching‐learning techniques in the NP courses. Participants also expressed concerns about time management and financial obligations.Implications for PracticeKnowledge of NP students 'perceptions regarding personal stress can provide insight useful for developing approaches to foster optimum learning.Practicing stress reduction techniques with students would not only facilitate their own stress reduction but would also reinforce their ability to assist clients with this need.
What Is the Nature of Nurse Practitioners’ Lived Experiences Interacting With Patients?
Authors: Kleiman Susan 
Published: May 2005

PurposeTo illuminate the nature of the lived experiences of nurse practitioners (NPs)interacting with patients, to discover the essential meanings of those lived experiences, and to articulate a structure gleaned from the essential meanings.Data SourcesSix NPs provided concrete descriptions of their experiences interacting with patients. Data were collected and analyzed using a descriptive, phenomenological method of inquiry.ConclusionsThe data revealed eight essential meanings for interacting with patients: openness, connection, concern, respect, reciprocity, competence, time, and professional identity. The nature of NPs’ lived experiences interacting with patients is an authentic attending to health‐related concerns, originating and enduring within the context of an intersubjective relationship. Through the dialogues that evolve within the context of intersubjective relationships, both NPs and patients become more as persons, amenable to understanding the meanings each has assigned to his or her life‐world situations, regardless of the outcomes of any health‐related interventions.Implications for PracticeThe NPs in this study valued the relationships that ensued from their interactions with patients. From these relationships they derived both personal and professional growth. Intersubjective relating is the “art of nursing” for the participants in this study.
Osteoporosis Prevention Starts in Adolescence
Authors: Schettler Andrea Ellse , Gustafson Elalne M. 
Published: May 2005

PurposeTo review the factors that influence the development of osteoporosis later in life, to relate those factors to adolescent health behaviors, and to provide nurse practitioners (NPs) with information on which to base evaluation and management decisions in primary care.Data SourcesReview of selected scientific literature with a focus on adolescent health and osteoporosis.ConclusionsOsteoporosis is a major public health concern that affects more than 10 million people in the United states, resulting in annual costs to our health care system in excess of $13. 5 billion. Approximately 40% of women will experience a fracture due to osteoporosis. NPs should aim osteoporosis prevention efforts toward adolescents by encouraging habits that promote bone growth and development.Implications for PracticeIt is imperative that female adolescents achieve adult peak bone mass prior to the age of 30, and the bone‐building years before the age of 18 are especially important.NPs are ideally positioned to provide the screening and counseling to ensure that adolescents have the best chance to develop the habits that will result in peak adult bone mass.
Caring Behaviors As Perceived by Nurse Practitioners
Authors: Green Ann 
Published: May 2005

PurposeTo investigate nurse practitioners' (NPs') perceptions of their own caring behaviors and to examine NPs' demographics as a function of their caring behaviors.Data SourcesResponses to the Caring Behaviors Inventory (CBI) and a demographic inquiry from 348 NPs in Louisiana.ConclusionsCBI mean scores and subscale scores were high for all 348 NPs. No statistically significant difference was found between male NPs’ and female NPs’ total mean CBI scores or between urban or rural total mean CBI scores. The interaction between nurse gender and area of practice was not statistically significant.Implications for PracticeNPs often work in clinic situations where productivity is the most valued characteristic and where little time is afforded for identifying caring behaviors of the NP and/or establishing a caring relationship with the patient. NPs must be extremely conscious of the need not to “throw out the baby with the bathwater” and sacrifice characteristics that are inherent in nursing for those emphasized in primary care practice.As their responsibilities in the health care setting continue to expand, NPs must continually evaluate and validate their roles to ensure quality care that satisfies patients.
Obesity and Physical Activity in College Women: Implications for Clinical Practice
Authors: Clement Jacquelyn M. , Schmidt Cynthia A. , Bernaix Laura W. , Covington N. Kay , Carr T. R. 
Published: May 2005

PurposeTo investigate the relationships between levels of physical activity, health attitudes and behaviors, and specific health indicators in women attending college.Data SourcesA convenience sample of 116 college women, ages 18 to 24 years, participated in this research study at a moderate‐sized midwestern university.The data were obtained through self‐administered questionnaire; trained technicians collected physiological measurements.ConclusionsThe young women in this study had, on average, normal body mass indexes (BMIs) and reported activity levels consistent with or greater than the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/American College of Sports Medicine guidelines. Items used to assign participants into the appropriate stage of the transtheoretical model of change were correlated with participants’ perceived personal physical activity levels. Similarly, the participants, whose scores fell in the higher stages of the transtheoretical model, reported greater levels of physical activity; consumption of more fruits, vegetables, and water; and less consumption of high‐fat/high‐calorie foods.Implications for PracticeThe years between ages 18 and 24 are a critical time in the lives of young women.During this period, they develop physical activity and nutrition habits that will affect their health across the life span. Because of the sometimes insidious development of major health problems, young women's current health status may not accurately reflect the possible longterm results of negative health habits. Nurse practitioners (NPs) have many opportunities to identify and address major factors that, if unattended, may threaten the life‐long health status of women. Health teaching in the areas of physical activity and dietary habits may be useful even in young women who appear to be healthy, are of normal weight, and are physically active.Poor dietary habits, if unattended, may eventually contribute to the development of obesity and related illnesses.
Characteristics of and Problems With Primary Care Interactions Experienced by an Ethnically Diverse Group of Woman
Authors: Alexander Ivy M. 
Published: May 2005

PurposeTo reflect women's voices as they discussed characteristics of health care interactions and spontaneously identified problems in primary care interactions.Data SourcesFive successive meetings with an ethnically diverse group of eight women were held to discuss primary care interactions with nurse practitioners. Field notes, seating charts, participant interaction notations, session transcripts, and audiotapes were repeatedly reviewed to identify significant statements. These were grouped into common categories to identify essential themes. Results were validated with participants.ConclusionsComponents of primary care interactions included the process of making an appointment, access to the clinic, comfort of the waiting area and clinic rooms, and interactions with staff and clinicians. Problems were identified with interactions. The overarching issue was a lack of caring — a pervasive attitude demonstrated when clinicians failed to show concern, did not listen, were not trustworthy, or treated the women with disrespect or prejudice.Implications for PracticeThe women strongly valued caring clinicians. Caring, according to these women, is demon‐strated when clinicians treat women as equals and show respect for their individual knowledge and life experiences.