bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Group delay measurement of WDM components using photonic microwave technique
Authors: Yi Xiaoke , Wei Fang , Wang Yixin , Lu Chao , De Zhong Wen 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn this paper we propose a new method for the measurement of the relative group delay of WDM components, based on photonic microwave technique using a low frequency (below 1.3 GHz) scalar network analyzer. Experimental results demonstrate that this technique has the advantages of low cost, simplicity, and high accuracy (less than ±1 ps). © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 35: 346–348, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10602
A continuous hybrid approach to the FET modelling for the maximum transducer power gain
Authors: Günel Tayfun 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn this work, a continuous hybrid approach (CHA) to the determination of the FET model elements for the maximum transducer power gain in a frequency band is presented. The CHA is based on a continuous parameter genetic algorithm and a controlled random search algorithm. The result obtained from the CHA are compared with the results obtained from the different types of genetic algorithm. The CHA gives better design than the others. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 35: 348–351, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10603
Envelope full‐wave 3D finite element time domain method
Authors: Frasson A. M. F. , Hernández‐Figueroa H. E. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA three‐dimensional finite‐element time domain scheme based on the envelope approach is presented for the first time. In this approach the fast wave component or carrier is removed from the field and the envelope is solved instead. This strategy permits longer time steps than when the carrier is included, for the same spatial refinement. The unconditionally stable and second‐order accurate Newmark scheme, in conjunction with tetrahedron edge elements and absorbing boundary condition (ABC) method was adopted. Key numerical results validate and show the efficiency and usefulness of the present algorithm. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 35: 351–354, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10604
An optical receiver circuit for on‐line fiber‐optic characteristics monitoring
Authors: Cheng Wen‐Ming , Tsao Shyh‐Lin 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA low‐cost optical receiver circuit, which includes a photodiode preamplifier, an active band‐pass filter, and an instrumental amplifier is experimentally achieved. Using the proposed circuit for measurement and on‐line automatic monitoring in this paper, the efficiency of fiber‐optic characteristics monitoring can be enhanced and on‐line noise interference can be suppressed. The transfer functions and frequency response of the optical receiver are derived. The signal‐to‐noise ratio of the on‐line fiber‐optic characteristics monitoring system can be improved using this low‐cost optical receiver. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 35: 354–357, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10605
Model device parameters for a 10‐Gb/s HEMT modulator driver IC
Authors: Jianjun Gao , Baoxin Gao , Bo Pan , Chunguang Liang 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis paper presents research on device parameters for a 2.5–10‐Gb/s high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) modulator driver IC. The effect of DC and capacitance parameters on the driver IC is discussed, and their ability to meet the requirements of the driver IC are calculated. The results shown agree with experimental data. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 35: 357–360, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10606
Multi‐band operation of a compact H‐shaped microstrip antenna
Authors: Sheta Abdel Fattah , Mohra Ashraf , Mahmoud Samir F. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn this paper, a multi‐band compact H‐shaped microstrip antenna is studied. The resonant modes of the H‐shaped structure are analyzed using the concept of electric and magnetic walls at the planes of symmetry. A flexible design approach that allows the pre‐selection of the resonant frequencies of the antenna is described. Approximate design equations and curves are introduced and validated by simulated and experimental results. An H‐shaped antenna is designed to support modes with resonance at 2.2, 2.8, 3, and 5 GHz. It is shown that dual‐, triple‐, or quad‐band operation is possible by the proper location of a coaxial feed. Such antennas are implemented on duroid dielectric substrate with εr = 2.2 and h = 1.57 mm. The designed antennas are simulated by IE3D software and a good agreement with experimental results is demonstrated. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 35: 363–367, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10608
On the multiband behavior of the Koch fractal monopole antenna
Authors: Best Steven R. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn this paper, the multiband behavior of the Koch fractal monopole is considered as a function of its self‐similar geometry, height, and wire length. It is demonstrated that the outline shape and wire compression of its self‐similar geometry are primary factors in determining its multiband behavior. However, this behavior is not unique to the geometric details of the self‐similar fractal geometry. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 35: 371–374, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10610
2D generalized transmission‐line equations for a microstrip cross
Authors: Hong J. S. , Liu Y. W. , Wang B.‐Z. , Yan S. H. , Mei K. K. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn this paper, a rigorous analysis for a microstrip cross is presented by using 2D generalized transmission‐line equations. The 2D generalized transmission‐line equation is developed from the 1D generalized transmission‐line equation in [1], which was derived from circuit theory, while the equation coefficients are determined from full‐wave numerical solutions. Although 1D generalized transmission‐line equation can well model many microstrip structures, such as discontinuities and low‐pass filters, it is confined to be used for those structures which can be regarded as 1D finite‐length nonuniform transmission‐line. For a microstrip cross, the novel 2D generalized transmission‐line equation whose coefficients are determined by dynamic numerical methods can have broadband frequency characteristics. For the investigated microstrip cross, the S parameters for a frequency band from 4 GHz to 24 GHz can be calculated by using only one group of the 2D generalized equation at frequency of 14 GHz. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 35: 378–380, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10613
An efficient method to optimize gain spectra of fiber Raman amplifiers pumped by multiple laser diodes
Authors: Tong Zhi , Wei Huai , Jian Shuisheng 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe propose a new and efficient method to optimize the output gain profile based on the characteristics of a WDM pumped Raman gain spectra and the fact that different wavelength pumps have different impacts on the gain tilt. As an application, we optimize a 10 wavelength pumped fiber Raman amplifier in a short time, and a 80 nm flat gain band with less than 0.4 dB ripple has been derived. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 35: 381–383, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10614
Wavelet‐based sparse approximate inverse preconditioned CG algorithm for fast analysis of microstrip circuits
Authors: Chen R. S. , Tsang K. F. , Mo Lei 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn this paper, the wavelet transform technique is used to transform dense matrix equations from the mixed potential integral equation (MPIE) to obtain sparse matrix equations, after dropping elements smaller than the threshold. The multifrontal method is employed to solve the resultant sparse approximate‐inverse preconditioning equation for the preconditioned conjugate gradient (CG) algorithm, in order to enhance its computational efficiency. Our numerical calculations show that the preconditioned CG algorithm, with this wavelet‐based sparse approximate inverse as preconditioner, can converge 23.43 times faster than the conventional one for 2048 unknowns. Some typical microstrip discontinuities are analyzed and the good results achieved demonstrate the validity of the proposed algorithm. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 35: 383–389, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10615
Irradiating micro‐organisms on floors with a focalised structure composed of two patch antennas
Authors: González‐Posadas V. , Rodríguez Martín J. M. , Segovia‐Vargas D. , Rajo‐Iglesias E. , Vázquez‐Roy J. L. , Martín‐Pascual C. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis paper presents an open radiating structure composed of two patch antennas in their main radiation mode working in the near‐field or Rayleigh region. We describe how the structure was built and our simulations and measurements have proven the performance of the irradiator. The radiating structure must radiate uniformly on a planar surface to ease the radiation of biological samples. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 35: 389–393, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10616
An improved formula for the fundamental TM‐mode cutoff wavenumber of arbitrary waveguides
Authors: Zhou Xingling 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis paper presents an improved formula for the fundamental TM‐mode cutoff wavenumber of an arbitrary waveguide based on two independent isoperimetric inequalities and the introduction of a new global integral geometry quantity p. A lot of classic examples show its accuracy and validity for computer‐aided design (CAD). The maximum relative error is less than 1% in most cases and less than 2% even for extreme cases. Note that the mathematical techniques employed here are elementary. Some basic observations about the method are discussed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 35: 393–396, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10617
Numerical implementation of exact analytical solution for oblique propagation in a cholesteric liquid crystal
Authors: Polo John A. , Lakhtakia Akhlesh 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAn exact matrix polynomial series solution for oblique propagation in a cholesteric liquid crystal, reported in this journal some years ago, was numerically implemented. After a slight reformulation, it was found that numerical results can be accurately and quickly obtained with a simple desktop computer. With the high accuracy available, boundary value problems can be solved very easily. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 35: 397–400, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10618
Reflection coefficient of a flanged rectangular waveguide radiating into a dielectric slab
Authors: Park Mi Y. , Eom Hyo J. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn this paper, the reflection coefficient of a flanged rectangular waveguide radiating into a dielectric slab is rigorously studied with the Fourier transform and mode‐matching technique. Residue calculus is used to convert the reflection coefficient into rapidly convergent series. Computations are performed to illustrate the numerical efficiency of the reflection coefficient. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 35: 401–404, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10619
Radiation pattern control by subreflector shaping in a dual‐reflector antenna
Authors: Bergmann J. R. , Pereira L. C. Palma 
Published: October 2002

AbstractDual‐shaped reflector antennas have applications in satellite communications systems in which the highest antenna gain and stringent specifications on cross‐polarization are required. For antennas fed by a single feed, the radiation pattern control is obtained either by shaping one of the reflectors or by simultaneously shaping both reflector surfaces. In this paper, we explore the design of Gregorian configurations where the main reflector is an offset paraboloid and the subreflector is shaped so as to attain the coverage specifications. By considering the specifications for a high‐efficiency ground‐station antenna and a contoured beam antenna, two design examples are presented. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 35: 408–412, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10621
A new planar‐type GaAs dielectric resonator for mm‐wave‐band applications
Authors: Lim Junyoul , Yim Jounghyun , Kwon Woosung , Ryu Seonghan , Kim Bumman 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA new planar‐type dielectric resonator (PDR) with a high Q has been developed. The PDR is fabricated by eching the GaAs substrate with an air gap around resonator and one side ground plane to reduce metal loss and facilitate integration. The realized PDR showed a good performance at 32 GHz. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 35: 414–416, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10623
Signal propagation effects on high‐speed interconnection lines using time‐domain numerical technique
Authors: Li Erping , Yuan Weiliang , Wang Sheng 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWith advancements in microelectronics, interest in electromagnetic interference and compatibility in high‐speed circuits has greatly increased in the engineering community, and application of computational electromagnetics to electromagnetic interference and compatibility (EMI/EMC) engineering has become an emerging technology. Termination, via, and crosstalk on interconnection lines raises EMI problems in high‐speed circuits and requires attention during design phases for signal integrity. This paper analyzes signal propagation effects among different parts of high‐speed interconnection lines using the finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) method. The mechanism and the effectiveness of control measures are examined, which can be applied to high‐speed circuit designs. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 35: 416–420, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10624
Mitochondrial abnormalities in muscle and other aging cells: Classification, causes, and effects
Authors: DiMauro Salvatore , Tanji Kurenai , Bonilla Eduardo , Pallotti Francesco , Schon Eric A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe involvement of mitochondria and of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in the aging process has generated much interest and even more controversy. The mitochondrial theory of aging considers a vicious circle consisting of: (1) accumulation of somatic mtDNA mutations; (2) impairment of respiratory chain function; (3) increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mitochondria; and (4) further damage to mtDNA. We review the evidence for and against the belief that these steps occur in aging muscle and brain, considering separately morphological, biochemical, and molecular data. The relationship between mitochondrial aging and late‐onset neurodegenerative diseases is briefly reviewed. We conclude that mitochondrial dysfunction does play a crucial role in the aging process of both muscle and brain, but it remains unclear whether mitochondria are the culprits or mere accomplices. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Muscle Nerve 26: 000–000,
Dejerine–Sottas disease and hereditary demyelinating polyneuropathy of infancy
Authors: Plante‐Bordeneuve Violaine , Said Gérard 
Published: October 2002

AbstractDejerine–Sottas disease (DSD) was originally described as a hypertrophic polyneuropathy characterized by onset in infancy or early childhood in patients born to unaffected parents. The clinical features included distal sensory changes with ataxia; pes cavus, at times with kyphoscoliosis; motor deficit and atrophy predominating in the distal lower limbs and progressing toward the proximal limbs following a length‐dependent pattern; palpable nerve hypertrophy; and Argyll–Robertson pupils. The morphological hallmark was the extensive nerve and root hypertrophy associated with demyelination–remyelination of surviving, originally myelinated axons and profuse Schwann‐cell proliferation forming onion bulbs. Wide variations in clinical manifestations of chronic demyelinating polyneuropathies of early onset in children born to unaffected parents have now been reported, with only some of the characteristics required in the original study, and at least seven genes encoding the myelin proteins P0, PMP22, the transcriptional factor EGR2, and others have been implicated. Thus, DSD is now a component of the hereditary demyelinating polyneuropathies of infancy that also include subsets of the recently individualized CMT4 neuropathies. The presumed recessive transmission of patients with DSD should be confirmed by molecular genetic analysis, which is still negative in a significant proportion of patients. The nerve biopsy can be useful in patients in whom genealogical or DNA abnormalities in favor of a genetic disorder are missing, because in a few patients with a progressive or relapsing course the diagnosis of early‐onset chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy must be considered. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Muscle Nerve 26: 608–621, 2002
Anti‐heparan sulfate antibodies in neurological disease
Authors: Briani Chiara , Ruggero Susanna , Alaedini Armin , Nardelli Ettore , Ferrari Sergio , Wirguin Itzhak , Zara Gabriella , Battistin Leontino , Latov Norman 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAntibodies to heparan sulfate (HS) have previously been found in association with peripheral neuropathy. We tested sera from patients with neuropathies and with other neurological diseases for antibodies to HS using an avidin‐biotin enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system. Increased titers of anti‐HS antibodies were found in 3.4% of patients with neuropathy, and in 3% of patients with other neurological diseases. In all cases, however, an inflammatory disease was present, including chronic inflammatory neuropathy, cerebral vasculitis, or multiple sclerosis. Antibodies to HS appear not to be specific for neuropathy, as they occur in several inflammatory diseases. They might contribute to the associated breakdown of the blood–brain or blood–nerve barrier. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Muscle Nerve 26: 713–715, 2002
Physiological characterization of neuropathy in Fabry's disease
Authors: Luciano Carlos A. , Russell James W. , Banerjee Tapas K. , Quirk Jane M. , Scott Leland J.C. , Dambrosia James M. , Barton Norman W. , Schiffmann Raphael 
Published: October 2002

AbstractFabry's disease is commonly associated with a painful, debilitating neuropathy. Characterization of the physiological abnormalities is an important step in evaluating response to specific therapies. Twenty‐two patients with Fabry's disease, and with relatively preserved renal function, underwent conventional and near‐nerve conduction studies, electromyography, sympathetic skin responses, and quantitative sensory testing (QST). Nerve conduction studies were mostly normal except for an increased frequency of median nerve entrapment at the wrist in 6 (27%) patients. Sympathetic skin responses were preserved in 19 of 20 (95%) of the patients. The QST showed increased or immeasurable cold and warm detection thresholds in patients, significantly different from controls (n = 28) in the hand (P < 0.001, P = 0.04, respectively) and foot (P < 0.001 for both). Cold thresholds were more often abnormal than were warm thresholds. Vibration thresholds were normal in the feet and, in some patients, elevated in the hand only, probably due to frequent median nerve entrapment at the wrist. Our findings suggest that the neuropathy of Fabry's disease is characterized by an increased prevalence of median nerve entrapment at the wrist and by thermal afferent fiber dysfunction in a length‐dependent fashion, with greater impairment of cold than warm sensation. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Muscle Nerve 26: 622–629, 2002
Within‐train neuromuscular propagation varies with torque in paralyzed human muscle
Authors: Chang Ya‐Ju , Shields Richard K. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractElectromyographic (EMG) recordings may serve an important role in predicting torque during repetitive activation of paralyzed muscle. We compared the initial M‐wave to the subsequent M‐waves of the same train under fatigued and recovered conditions in the paralyzed human soleus muscle. Sixteen individuals with chronic (n = 13) or acute paralysis (n = 3) had the tibial nerve activated before and after a repetitive supramaximal stimulation protocol. The mean within‐train M‐wave amplitude and median frequency increased ∼20%, whereas the duration decreased ∼15% compared with the initial M‐wave of each train. During fatigue, there was a linear decrease in the difference between the initial M‐wave amplitude and subsequent train (∼20% to 8%). Following fatigue, this difference recovered to ∼12%. The difference between the M‐wave train average and the initial M‐wave for amplitude, duration, and median frequency closely followed torque (Pearson correlations = 0.99, 0.94, and 0.98, respectively) during fatigue. We conclude that the difference between the later‐occurring M‐waves (average of the train) and initial M‐wave is large when muscle torque is high and less when torque is low and, therefore, predicts torque during activation of paralyzed muscle. This difference in the within‐train M‐wave amplitude, duration, and median frequency may reflect a mechanical change, such as muscle shortening and increased muscle cross‐sectional area during isometric contractions. Electromyographic feedback may assist in the optimization of neuromuscular electrical stimulation of paralyzed muscle. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Muscle Nerve 26: 673–680, 2002
Fibronectin receptor reduction in skin and fibroblasts of patients with Ullrich's disease
Authors: Hu Jing , Higuchi Itsuro , Shiraishi Tadafumi , Suehara Masahito , Niiyama Takahito , Horikiri Takashi , Uchida Yuichi , Saito Akiko , Osame Mitsuhiro 
Published: October 2002

AbstractUllrich's disease is a congenital muscular dystrophy characterized clinically by generalized muscle weakness, multiple contractures of the proximal joints, and hyperextensibility of the distal joints. Recent studies have demonstrated that collagen VI is deficient in the muscles of patients with Ullrich's disease, and some cases result from recessive mutations of the collagen VIα2 gene (COL6A2). Fibronectin is one of the main components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and associates with a variety of other matrix molecules including collagen. The behavior of fibronectin on cells is mediated by fibronectin receptors, members of the integrin family. We studied the expression of fibronectin receptors and fibronectin in patients with Ullrich's disease, and found a marked reduction of fibronectin receptors in the ECM of skin and cultured fibroblasts of these patients. These results suggest that collagen VI deficiency may lead to the reduction of fibronectin receptors and that an abnormality of cell adhesion may be involved in the pathogenesis of Ullrich's disease. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Muscle Nerve 26: 696–701, 2002