bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Breeding for Late Blight Disease Resistance Varieties in Potato: A Strategic Approach for Food Security and Sustainability
Authors: Jimoh Falade Moses , Oluwayomi Agbowuro Gbenga 
Published: October 2023

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one the most important stable foods that helps to resolve the global food crisis. However, its production has been limited due to various biotic and abiotic factors. Late blight disease caused by Phytophthora infestans is one of the destructive pathogenic diseases that not only results in potato yield losses but also increase the cost of production due to huge monetary expenses the growers inquire for disease control and preventive measures. The pathogen could result in a 20-100% yield reduction depending on the susceptibility of the variety, prevailing climatic variables, preventive and control measures taken, and the pathogen load in the area. The losses in the yield resulted in hunger and starvation. Annually, the losses due to Phytophthora infestans have been estimated to be $ 12 billion globally. The use of chemicals to control the disease seems to be the most effective measure, the method is no more economically and environmentally sustainable. The development and deployment of resistant varieties remain the most sustainable approach to managing and controlling diseases to ensure food security. This review examines the significance of the late blight disease of potatoes, its control measure, and the need for disease-resistant varieties.
Vitamin E and Supplements Offer Eye Neuroprotection – Myth or Reality?
Authors: Chandrinos Aristeidis , Tzamouranis Dorotheos , Kakoura Stavroula 
Published: October 2023

Background: Several studies suggested that nutrition might have an effect on eye health. Although exposure to nutrients is ubiquitous, on the other hand without it, we generally cannot survive and an exposure too high or too low causes health problems. Vitamins are a good example and the ubiquitous exposure to vitamins has led to many epidemiological studies for many diseases, including glaucoma.
Abstract: Leading causes of vision loss include several eye conditions such as cataract and glaucoma. The role of nutritional supplementation to prevent the progression of ocular disease is of great interest to health care professionals. It is recognized that the crystalline lens and retina suffer oxidative damage and the most protective agents are anti-oxidant vitamins A, C and E. The Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS), found that supplementation with vitamins C and E, reduced the risk of developing various ocular diseases. The RDA for vitamin E is 15 mg/day α-tocopherol for both women and men. Vitamin E exists naturally in nuts and seeds, in addition to dark leafy vegetables. In a recent study reported lower plasma levels of vitamin E in POAG subjects.
Conclusion: In conclusion, exposure to nutrients although is ubiquitous, without it, in general we cannot survive. Conflicting evidence is presented for vitamins A and E in prevention of ocular disease. A number of epidemiological studies showed an increased risk of nuclear or cortical cataract in people with low blood levels of vitamin E. Furthermore, a number of studies suggested that nutrition might have an effect on the intraocular pressure (IOP) or glaucoma, arbitrated by oxidative stress.
Machine Learning Models for Predicting Long-Term Visual Acuity in Highly Myopic Eyes
Authors: Wang Yining , Du Ran , Xie Shiqi , Chen Changyu , Lu Hongshuang , Xiong Jianping , Ting Daniel S. W. , Uramoto Kengo , Kamoi Koju , Ohno-Matsui Kyoko 
Published: October 2023

ImportanceHigh myopia is a global concern due to its escalating prevalence and the potential risk of severe visual impairment caused by pathologic myopia. Using artificial intelligence to estimate future visual acuity (VA) could help clinicians to identify and monitor patients with a high risk of vision reduction in advance.ObjectiveTo develop machine learning models to predict VA at 3 and 5 years in patients with high myopia.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective, single-center, cohort study was performed on patients whose best-corrected VA (BCVA) at 3 and 5 years was known. The ophthalmic examinations of these patients were performed between October 2011 and May 2021. Thirty-four variables, including general information, basic ophthalmic information, and categories of myopic maculopathy based on fundus and optical coherence tomography images, were collected from the medical records for analysis.Main Outcomes and MeasuresRegression models were developed to predict BCVA at 3 and 5 years, and a binary classification model was developed to predict the risk of developing visual impairment at 5 years. The performance of models was evaluated by discrimination metrics, calibration belts, and decision curve analysis. The importance of relative variables was assessed by explainable artificial intelligence techniques.ResultsA total of 1616 eyes from 967 patients (mean [SD] age, 58.5 [14.0] years; 678 female [70.1%]) were included in this analysis. Findings showed that support vector machines presented the best prediction of BCVA at 3 years (R2 = 0.682; 95% CI, 0.625-0.733) and random forest at 5 years (R2 = 0.660; 95% CI, 0.604-0.710). To predict the risk of visual impairment at 5 years, logistic regression presented the best performance (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.870; 95% CI, 0.816-0.912). The baseline BCVA (logMAR odds ratio [OR], 0.298; 95% CI, 0.235-0.378; P &amp;lt; .001), prior myopic macular neovascularization (OR, 3.290; 95% CI, 2.209-4.899; P &amp;lt; .001), age (OR, 1.578; 95% CI, 1.227-2.028; P &amp;lt; .001), and category 4 myopic maculopathy (OR, 4.899; 95% CI, 1.431-16.769; P = .01) were the 4 most important predicting variables and associated with increased risk of visual impairment at 5 years.Conclusions and RelevanceStudy results suggest that developing models for accurate prediction of the long-term VA for highly myopic eyes based on clinical and imaging information is feasible. Such models could be used for the clinical assessments of future visual acuity.
Metabolomic Biomarker Signatures for Bipolar and Unipolar Depression
Authors: Tomasik Jakub , Harrison Scott J. , Rustogi Nitin , Olmert Tony , Barton-Owen Giles , Han Sung Yeon Sarah , Cooper Jason D. , Eljasz Paweł , Farrag Lynn P. , Friend Lauren V. , Bell Emily , Cowell Dan , Bahn Sabine 
Published: October 2023

ImportanceBipolar disorder (BD) is frequently misdiagnosed as major depressive disorder (MDD) because of overlapping symptoms and the lack of objective diagnostic tools.ObjectiveTo identify a reproducible metabolomic biomarker signature in patient dried blood spots (DBSs) that differentiates BD from MDD during depressive episodes and assess its added value when combined with self-reported patient information.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis diagnostic analysis used samples and data from the Delta study, conducted in the UK between April 27, 2018, and February 6, 2020. The primary objective was to identify BD in patients with a recent (within the past 5 years) diagnosis of MDD and current depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire–9 score of 5 or more). Participants were recruited online through voluntary response sampling. The analysis was carried out between February 2022 and July 2023.Main Outcomes and MeasuresPatient data were collected using a purpose-built online questionnaire (n = 635 questions). DBS metabolites (n = 630) were analyzed using a targeted mass spectrometry–based platform. Mood disorder diagnoses were established using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview.ResultsOf 241 patients in the discovery cohort, 170 (70.5%) were female; 67 (27.8%) were subsequently diagnosed with BD and 174 (72.2%) were confirmed as having MDD; and the mean (SD) age was 28.1 (7.1) years. Of 30 participants in the validation cohort, 16 (53%) were female; 9 (30%) were diagnosed with BD and 21 (70%) with MDD; and the mean (SD) age was 25.4 (6.3) years. DBS metabolite levels were assessed in 241 patients with depressive symptoms with a recent diagnosis of MDD, of whom 67 were subsequently diagnosed with BD by the Composite International Diagnostic Interview and 174 were confirmed as having MDD. The identified 17-biomarker panel provided a mean (SD) cross-validated area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.71 (SD, 0.12; P &amp;lt; .001), with ceramide d18:0/24:1 emerging as the strongest biomarker. Combining biomarker data with patient-reported information significantly enhanced diagnostic performance of models based on extensive demographic data, PHQ-9 scores, and the outcomes from the Mood Disorder Questionnaire. The identified biomarkers were correlated primarily with lifetime manic symptoms and were validated in a separate group of patients who received a new clinical diagnosis of MDD (n = 21) or BD (n = 9) during the study’s 1-year follow-up period, with a mean (SD) AUROC of 0.73 (0.06; P &amp;lt; .001).Conclusions and RelevanceThis study provides a proof of concept for developing an accessible biomarker test to facilitate the differential diagnosis of BD and MDD and highlights the potential involvement of ceramides in the pathophysiological mechanisms of mood disorders.
Gold Nanoparticle in Chemoelectronics: Fundamentals, Challenges, and Future Prospects
Authors: Wang Jingyu , Liu Lin , Guo Jiahui , Zhao Xing , Zhang Yuchun , Yan Yong 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe basic components of modern electronics are primarily fabricated by using semiconductor material in which the movement of charges can be electrically modulated. For metallic material, however, such modulation is almost impossible because of its field‐shielding characteristics, leading to insensitive response toward applied potentials. In this perspective, how to overcome this limitation of bulk metals (here, gold is taken as a particular example) is demonstrated by reducing the size to the nanoscale and functionalizing these nanogolds with charged molecules. The movement of mobile counterions within gold nanoparticle (AuNP) layers can generate charge gradients that feed back and control the motion of electrons which enables to design and fabricate several important components such as the diode, transistor, logic circuits, memristor, and various chemiresistive sensors. The assembly of AuNP electronic components and sensors gives rise to a new class of nanoparticle‐based “chemoelectronic” logic circuits that can sense, process, and ultimately report various chemical signals. The gas sensors are believed to be the most appropriate candidates for such integration as no solvent/solution is required and therefore, in the end, the combination of AuNP gas sensors and memristors is outlooked to achieve all‐gold‐nanoparticle in‐sensor computing for the development of future artificial olfactory.
Oxidative Aminopyridylation of Maleimides and 1, 4‐Quinones with N‐Aminopyridinium Ylides at Room Temperature in the Absence of External Reagents
Authors: Barman Dhiraj , Rath Suchismita , Kumar Ravva Mahesh , Jacob Jesni M. , Sen Subhabrata 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHerein we have reported an expedient di‐functionalization of such versatile scaffolds. By harnessing an under explored reactivity of N‐aminopyridinium ylides, we have developed an aminopyridylation of N‐substituted maleimides and 1, 4‐quinones at room temperature in 2‐methyl THF without any external reagents. The [3+2] cycloaddition of N‐aminopyridinium ylides generate the corresponding cycloadduct with various maleimides and 1, 4‐quinone substrates, which rapidly undergoes oxidation at the alkene moiety under open air, inducing a considerable driving force, thermodynamically, to facilitate aromatisation of the pyridine and a subsequent homolytic cleavage of the N−N bond to generate the desired 2, 3‐aminopyridylated products in good to excellent yield. Experimental and computational studies clarify the reaction mechanism.
Synthetic Approaches to the Challenging Direct C‐Alkylation and C‐Allylation of Unactivated Nitroalkanes
Authors: Palmieri Alessandro , Petrini Marino 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe limited nucleophilic character and the bidentate nature of unactivated nitroalkane anions (nitronates) makes the corresponding alkylation and allylation procedures rather troublesome. This aspect is in sharp contrast with other commonly employed processes involving nitronate anions such as conjugate additions or nitroaldol reactions. This review summarizes the most rewarding approaches that along the years have been devised to overcome this limitation. Efficient methods are nowadays mainly based on metal‐catalyzed processes involving purely ionic or mixed ionic‐radical intermediates including photoenzymatic reactions.
Multifunctional Solar Evaporator with Adjustable Island Structure Improves Performance and Salt Discharge Capacity of Desalination
Authors: Wu Jianfei , Cui Ziwei , Yu Yang , Yue Bo , Hu Jundie , Qu Jiafu , Li Jianzhang , Tian Dan , Cai Yahui 
Published: October 2023

AbstractInterfacial solar steam generation (ISSG) is the main method to get fresh water from seawater or wastewater. The balance between evaporation rate and salt resistance is still a major challenge for ISSG. Herein, a wood aerogel island solar evaporator (WAISE) with tunable surface structure and wettability by synthesizing poly(n‐isopropylacrylamide)‐modified multi‐walled carbon nanotube photothermal layers. Compared to dense surface structure evaporators, interfacial moisture transport, thermal localization, and surface water vapor diffusion of WAISE are greatly promoted, and the evaporation rate of WAISE increased by 87.64%. WAISE allows for record performance of 200 h continuous operation in 20% NaCl solution without salt accumulation. In addition, the photo‐thermal‐electric device is developed based on WAISE with continuous water purification, power generation, and irrigation functions. This work provides a new direction for the development of multifunctional water purification systems.
Graphene Oxide Block Derived Edge‐Nitrogen Doped Quasi‐Graphite for High K+ Intercalation Capacity and Excellent Rate Performance
Authors: Chi Chunlei , Liu Zheng , Wang Guanwen , Qi Bin , Qiu Zhipeng , Yan Yingchun , Huangfu Chao , Lu Xiaolong , Yang Xinhou , Gong Min , Cao Ke , Wei Tong , Fan Zhuangjun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe intercalation capacity at low potential of carbon‐based anode plays a significant role for developing potassium ion batteries (PIBs) with high energy density. However, the inferior rate and cyclic performance caused by repeated insertion/extraction of large K+ tremendously restricts the practical application of PIBs. Herein, a quasi‐graphite structure with abundant edge‐nitrogen doping, micropores structure, and enhanced graphite nanodomains via in situ polymerization of oligoaniline in‐between graphene oxide blocks and subsequent carbonization is proposed. The macro‐ordered multilayered structure with micro‐ordered graphite nanodomains can provide efficient K+ insertion/extraction channels, thus greatly increasing the intercalation capacity at low potentials. Moreover, the high edge‐nitrogen doping (97%) is of great importance for improving K+ transfer kinetics, particularly at high current densities. As a result, the anode exhibits a high discharge capacity below 0.5 V (303 mAh g−1 at 0.05 A g−1), outstanding rate performance (113 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1), and long‐term cycle stability (176 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1 after 2000 cycles). The K+ intercalation mechanism and enhanced kinetics are systematically probed by in situ Raman spectroscopy, ex situ X‐ray diffraction (XRD) spectra, and theoretical calculations. This results demonstrate that the construction of quasi‐graphite with heteroatom doping is feasible for large ion storage.
Mapping variability of soybean leaf potassium concentrations to develop a sampling protocol
Authors: Ortel Carrie C. , Roberts Trenton L. , Hoegenauer Kyle A. , Poncet Aurelie M. , Slaton Nathan A. , Ross W. Jeremy 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe spatial variability of soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] leaf‐K (potassium) concentrations must be considered when collecting samples to monitor crop K status. Five commercial soybean fields were sampled at a 0.4‐ha grid resolution at two reproductive growth stages to quantify the trifoliolate tissue‐K concentration. The objectives of this study were to identify the potential field variability of soybean leaf‐K concentrations in typical Mid‐south US soybean production fields, evaluate interpolation methods, and develop a sampling protocol for in‐season soybean tissue monitoring. No consistent spatial dependencies were found in the leaf‐K concentrations across the fields and sample times, indicating that a soybean tissue‐K grid sampling protocol cannot be generalized to a specific area size. Inverse distance weighted (IDW) and rasterization interpolation methods were considered to predict leaf‐K concentrations between the sampled grid points at grid resolutions ranging from 0.4 to 4 ha. The IDW method consistently predicted leaf‐K concentrations between the known values with less error than rasterization. Rather than grid sampling, composite leaf samples should be collected based on management zones to provide a simplified sampling protocol. Within each management zone, a composite sample must consist of uppermost fully expanded trifoliolate leaves collected from at least 18 locations to ensure that the sample measures within the 95% confidence interval of the area average leaf‐K concentration. The developed sampling protocol coupled with the dynamic critical tissue‐K concentration curve will provide producers with the ability to effectively monitor soybean for potential hidden hunger and verify K deficiency symptoms in season.
Investigating trends in consumer preferences and willingness to pay for lamb and goat meat: A case study from Florida
Authors: Basen Wyatt , Lai John , Kassas Bachir , Wallau Marcelo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractConsidering the growing demand for healthy and environmentally conscious food products in the United States, lamb and goat meat have proved to be beneficial alternatives to other red meats. This study investigates consumer trends and preferences for lamb and goat meat in Florida and sheds light on regional preferences for these products, providing groundwork for further studies. An online survey was conducted using 924 primary shoppers in Florida. Respondents were asked questions regarding demographic characteristics, behavioral qualities, and attributes associated with meat‐buying consumers. A contingent valuation method was used to derive willingness‐to‐pay (WTP) estimates by having participants report the maximum price they would pay for one pound of shoulder cut from lamb or goat. This study focuses on WTP for lamb/goat meat and uses Tobit regression analyses to test relationships between WTP and the consumer attributes described. Various regression specifications were estimated in the analyses to examine the robustness of significant correlations. Results surrounding the consumer WTP were similar for lamb and goat meat, showing that: (1) adventurousness when tasting food is positively correlated with WTP, (2) younger generations (Millennials and Gen Z) tend to have a higher WTP than older generations (Baby Boomers and the Silent Generation), (3) having tasted/liked lamb/goat meat previously both seem to positively influence WTP, (4) importance of access to culturally significant food products is positively correlated with WTP for lamb meat only, and (5) identifying as Hispanic had a negative correlation with WTP for goat meat only.
Construction of Low‐Coordination Cu−C2 Single‐Atoms Electrocatalyst Facilitating the Efficient Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to Methane
Authors: Zhao Peng , Jiang Hao , Shen Haidong , Yang Shaowei , Gao Runze , Guo Ying , Zhang Qiuyu , Zhang Hepeng 
Published: October 2023

AbstractConstructing Cu single‐atoms (SAs) catalysts is considered as one of the most effective strategies to enhance the performance of electrochemical reduction of CO2 (e‐CO2RR) towards CH4, however there are challenges with activity, selectivity, and a cumbersome fabrication process. Herein, by virtue of the meta‐position structure of alkynyl in 1,3,5‐triethynylbenzene and the interaction between Cu and −C≡C−, a Cu SAs electrocatalyst (Cu−SAs/HGDY), containing low‐coordination Cu−C2 active sites, was synthesized through a simple and efficient one‐step method. Notably, this represents the first achievement of preparing Cu SAs catalysts with Cu−C2 coordination structure, which exhibited high CO2‐to‐CH4 selectivity (72.1 %) with a high CH4 partial current density of 230.7 mA cm−2, and a turnover frequency as high as 2756 h−1, dramatically outperforming currently reported catalysts. Comprehensive experiments and calculations verified the low‐coordination Cu−C2 structure not only endowed the Cu SAs center more positive electricity but also promoted the formation of H•, which contributed to the outstanding e‐CO2RR to CH4 electrocatalytic performance of Cu−SAs/HGDY. Our work provides a novel H⋅‐transferring mechanism for e‐CO2RR to CH4 and offers a protocol for the preparation of two‐coordinated Cu SAs catalysts.
Community‐led investigations of unmarked graves at Indian residential schools in Western Canada—overview, status report and best practices
Authors: Whiting Brian 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPart of Canadian history that is now being addressed is the legacy of Indian residential schools (IRSs) and closely related institutions. For most of their 200‐year‐plus history, these were run by various churches or religious organizations, and many were directly funded (and eventually run) by government. Attendance by Indigenous children at these schools was made compulsory, and children were deliberately taken far from their cultural base, native language and family in the name of cultural assimilation. Abundant and longstanding evidence has documented abuse, neglect and high rates of death at the schools. Most or all schools had cemeteries, many of which have fallen into neglect and/or been lost through time. Documenting the numbers, names and burial locations of students who died at the schools has become a national priority. Since 2021, interest in this work has accelerated, due in large part by media announcements of geophysical findings of potential unmarked graves at various school sites. Geophysical surveys for unmarked graves are planned or underway at a large number of school sites nationwide. Related lines of research are seeking to document the extent and nature of student deaths based on archival records, survivor accounts and other lines of evidence. As suggested by government and demanded by Indigenous communities, these searches are being led by the affected communities. This paper represents a snapshot of elements of the work in progress, based in part on the personal participation of the author in multiple IRS searches and resulting direct involvement with local communities. Included in this contribution are a historic context, broad overview of community participation/leadership and suggested refinements to geophysical survey best practices that have been promulgated by the Canadian archaeological community and other nationwide organizations.