bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrocutaneous display with receptor selective stimulations
Authors: Kajimoto Hiroyuki , Kawakami Naoki , Maeda Taro , Tachi Susumu 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA tactile display of skin touch sensations to transcutaneous electric current stimulation is proposed. Since top‐down design methods expressing various sensations (e.g., pressure sensation, vibration sensation, tactile sensation) expressed by language feedback have been used in many of the past skin touch sensation displays and since these sensations are the results of combining the activities of various kinds of sensory receptors, the displays thus designed have been limited in that they displayed only certain limited sensations. In contrast, the authors' device is based on stimulating sensory nerves differently by kind. It is considered that if stimulations can be performed to suit different kinds of sensory nerves, all sensations can be generated by combining them. These stimulations are called “tactile primary colors” from their similarity to the visual sense. Electrical stimulation from the skin surface is used as the stimulating means. Although the history of electrical stimulation itself is old, many studies regarding electrical stimulation have ended up generating ad hoc simple sensations without attempting to construct the above primary colors. In this paper, two methods for selectively stimulating the receptors are proposed. One is a method of changing the depth of stimulation by changing the weight of each electrode, using electrodes in an array form. The other is a method of selectively stimulating in the direction of a nerve axon by using an anodic electric current, in contrast to the cathodic current used in the transcutaneous electrical stimulation of the past methods. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 85(6): 40–49, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.10056
Acceleration of block matching by indirectly comparing square errors
Authors: Kimoto Tadahiko , Fujii Toshiaki , Harada Masaki , Ohwaki Yoshinori , Tanimoto Masayuki 
Published: October 2002

AbstractFor accelerating block matching using square errors as distance, we will propose a method of simplifying the search of the minimum distance value. Before determining the distance value between blocks, the distance value is indirectly compared with the minimum value up to this time by using an evaluation value whose operation is small, and the case in which the distance value cannot reach a minimum is decided. By doing so, the number of times of actually determining the distance value can be reduced. The ratio of processing times for the algorithm of searching the minimum value by determining all distance values becomes a linear function of the ratio (ratio of indirect decision) of the blocks which can be indirectly decided. We have performed a simulation of the proposed algorithm by applying it to the block matching for the detection of motion vectors between moving pictures. As a result, it was confirmed that the processing time can be reduced by about 20% by enlarging the set (searching space) of searching the minimum value. Moreover, experiments have shown that the ratio of indirect decision inside the sequence after the block at which it becomes a minimum distance inside that space will became larger. Accordingly, the proposed algorithm is executed by performing ordering inside the space such that the block of becoming a minimum distance comes to the front. As a result, the processing time is further reduced by about 20%, thus proving that such ordering is effective in the proposed algorithm. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 85(8): 65–75, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.10067
Physics‐based 3D head model reconstruction from cephalograms for medical application
Authors: Aoki Yoshimitsu , Terajima Masahiko , Nakashima Akihiko , Hashimoto Shuji 
Published: October 2002

AbstractEngineering techniques are being vigorously utilized in the medical sector. Examples are the visualization of human body measurements such as CT and MRI by computer graphics, and the prediction of the results of surgery by computer simulation. This paper discusses a system in which a cephalogram is constructed on the basis of anatomical knowledge, and the change in the 3D facial shape after facial surgery, especially corrective surgery on the jaw, is predicted. The proposed model has a layered structure composed of skeleton, muscle, and skin, and can use physical calculations to generate dynamically the modification of the facial surface accompanying the motion of muscle and skeleton. Using this cephalogram as the standard model, the facial surface and the skeleton shape are modified on the basis of 3D coordinate data on the measurement points obtained from two x‐ray normalized images taken from the front and the side, and the head model for the individual is constructed. The change in shape of the facial surface when bone is moved following the actual surgical procedure is predicted in 3D. In the prediction experiment, a head model was constructed from the x‐ray normalization images of the patient before surgery, and the surgical procedure was simulated. The prediction result was compared with the actual results and evaluated, and demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 85(11): 45–55, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.10053
Study on the depth position of title in 3D presentation
Authors: Shigeta Kazuhiro , Nakayama Minoru , Shimizu Yasutaka 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe authors studied depth positions of the title characters corresponding to the best viewing of the entire screen, while stereo pictures and title characters were presented at the same time on a stereo display by liquid‐crystal shutter eyeglasses. They conducted subjective tests of dynamic images obtained by rotation for measuring the best viewable title character positions with varying conditions of picture depth positions and rotation speed, as well as with different picture representation models. Positions expressing the average depth rate of the presentation pictures were defined as mean depth positions, and the results were compared with the test results. It was discovered that the title character positions corresponding to the best viewable screen closely matched the mean depth positions when the solid model was used for expressing the presentation pictures. Moreover, when pictures were expressed by the wire‐frame model, the best view positions of the title characters closely matched the mean depth positions for the case when the same pictures were represented by the solid model. In addition, the best viewable title character positions were the same at rotation speeds of 20 and 80°/s, which demonstrated that they were not affected by the rotation speed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 85(11): 26–35, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.1125
Image distribution method with identifier embedding scheme for copyright protection
Authors: Abe Takehito , Fujii Hiroshi , Kushima Kazuhiko , Sakurai Norihiko 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA problem in the transport of digital images is infringement of rights such as illegal copying. One possible method of preventing the illegal use of images is to embed an individual user identification in the image by the “electronic transparency” technique in order to detect and locate illegal copiers. It will be a large burden, however, for the provider to compose and distribute images with IDs corresponding to individual users. Another difficult problem is that mass production in low‐cost media such as CD‐ROM is made impossible. This paper proposes the following method. Image scrambling by cryptography is applied. The same image file is distributed after scrambling, using CD‐ROMs, for example. Then the decoding key is sold and the user builds in the individual ID. The effectiveness of the method is examined. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 85(12): 80–88, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley. com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.1130
Active noise control system using the simultaneous equation method without the estimation of error path filter coefficients
Authors: Fujii Kensaku , Muneyasu Mitsuji , Ohga Juro 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn an active noise control system that uses the Filtered‐x method as an adaptive algorithm, the impulse response on the error path is observed and the result is assigned as a coefficient of an error path filter before the system is started. Such an impulse response can obviously change after the system is started. The change can increase the difference between the assigned coefficient and the inherent coefficient of the error path filter, and thus render the operation of noise control unstable. This paper proposes a noise control filter coefficient renewal method that does not require the calculation of an error path filter coefficient by focusing on the fact that, when a set of two different coefficients is assigned to a noise control filter, the system consisting of components from a noise detection microphone to an error detection microphone establishes two independent equations whose variables are impulse responses for the feedforward path and the error path system. The coefficient of the noise control filer can be renewed by solving the simultaneous equations by iteration. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 85(12): 101–108, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley. com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.1132
Behavior of electron swarm in the Paschen minimum with Ne and Ar
Authors: Takebayashi Tatsuyuki , Fukuyama Tatsuya , Itoh Haruo 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBehavior of the electron swarm at the starting condition of the self‐sustaining discharge depending on p0d is investigated in Ne and Ar by using a Monte Carlo simulation (MCS). The calculations are performed under the E/p0 and p0d conditions including the Paschen minimum, which was obtained from the experiment by Penning and Addink. From the result it is found that the energy nonequilibrium region spread over almost the gap space in particular near the Paschen minimum. Thus, we proposed the improved description for the formula of Townsend's self‐sustaining condition. The calculated result allows that the starting conditions of the self‐sustained discharge in Ne and Ar would be applicable to Engel's theory. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 140(4): 9–16, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10001
Fabrication of a conductive molecular wire using the ionization‐assisted evaporation method
Authors: Iizuka Masaaki , Kudo Kazuhiro , Kuniyoshi Shigekazu , Tanaka Kuniaki 
Published: October 2002

AbstractOrganic molecules are interesting materials with potential for use in next‐generation optical and electronic devices. It is important to prepare highly oriented molecular wires, since the optical and electrical properties of organic films strongly depend on their molecular orientation. The charge‐transfer‐complex wire of TTF‐TCNQ has been studied for application to molecular wires having quasi‐one‐dimensional conductivity. We have prepared highly oriented TTF‐TCNQ grains using the ionization and electric‐field‐assisted deposition method, and have investigated the growth mechanism of TTF‐TCNQ grains. These results demonstrate that needle‐like TTF‐TCNQ grain growth near the electrodes is controlled both by the electric field between the electrodes and by the ionization of evaporated molecules. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 140(3): 8–15, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10015
Numerical performance simulation of frozen helium plasma disk MHD generator
Authors: Kobayashi Hiromichi , Satou Yukimasa , Okuno Yoshihiro 
Published: October 2002

AbstractMHD electrical power generation with frozen helium plasma (FHP) is examined numerically. The FHP can be initiated by preionized helium without the alkali metal seed at the generator inlet. Since the three‐body recombination coefficient of helium ions is low at electron temperatures above 5000 K, the ionization degree can be kept almost constant in the entire region of the generator channel. The r−θ two‐dimensional numerical results show that the performance of the FHP MHD generator is comparable to that of the seeded plasma MHD generator, if the additional power consumed to preionization is ignored. In the FHP MHD generator, the ionization degree at the inlet should be controlled precisely, as well as the seed fraction in the seeded plasma MHD generator. Under an adequate inlet ionization degree for sustaining the FHP plasma, the plasma maintains the uniform structure. On the other hand, a slightly excess ionization degree causes a strong Lorentz force in the upstream region of the generator, deteriorating the generator performance. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 140(3): 26–33, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10030
IPP selection based on contingency analysis and optimal power flow
Authors: Suetsugu Yo , Iwamoto Shinichi 
Published: October 2002

AbstractRecently the deregulation of the electric power industry has progressed worldwide. In Japan the electric power industry law was revised to achieve a reduced electricity price in 1995, and competition in the power generation market was started in Japan. Moreover, the retail wheeling to large customers was launched in March 2000. Under this situation, IPP selectors (electric power utilities) have to think about efficient connection to existing systems by which they have select IPPs considering not only the cost but also the future demand. Therefore, in order to achieve efficient connection of IPPs to the existing systems some selection guidelines are needed. What IPP selectors want to know is “where” and “how much” in the existing system they want to have IPPs. It is thought that knowing good connecting point(s) and the appropriate capacity of IPPs becomes one of the IPP selection guidelines. In this paper, we propose a method by which we can determine the connecting point(s) and the appropriate capacity of IPPs to plan the appropriate electric power system for the future. The proposed method in which IPP selectors can select from both sides of reliability and economy is verified using simulations. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 140(3): 16–25, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10037
Tentative design and evaluation of a high‐temperature superconducting generator
Authors: Kanamori Yasuo , Yamada Masato , Hasegawa Kiyoshi , Nakamura Hideyuki , Arata Masanori , Nishimura Mariko 
Published: October 2002

AbstractStudies on superconducting generators have been carried out worldwide. Especially in Japan, it is worthy of attention that Super‐GM led the national project concerning the successful development of the 70 MW‐class superconducting generators. Low‐temperature superconducting wires have been applied to field windings of generators. In Japan, the next‐generation coated conductors, namely, high‐temperature superconducting wires, have proceeded under the national project supported by NEDO. Provided that the next‐generation coated conductors are applied to field windings, the weight and volume of superconducting generators will be reduced. Furthermore, using liquid nitrogen as a coolant instead of liquid helium, the reliability of high‐temperature superconducting generators is expected to improve.This paper provides tentative designs of a high‐temperature superconducting generator whose field windings are composed of YBa2Cu3O7−x wires. By comparison with the low‐temperature superconducting generator developed by Super‐GM, the usefulness of the high‐temperature superconducting generator is discussed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 141(1): 1–7, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10052
Catalytic inhibitors of topoisomerase II are DNA‐damaging agents: induction of chromosomal damage by merbarone and ICRF‐187
Authors: Wang Ling , Eastmond David A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractMerbarone is a catalytic inhibitor of topoisomerase II (topo II) that has been proposed to act primarily by blocking topo II‐mediated DNA cleavage without stabilizing DNA–topo II‐cleavable complexes. In this study merbarone was used as a model compound to investigate the genotoxic effects of catalytic inhibitors of topo II. The clastogenic properties of merbarone were evaluated using in vitro and in vivo micronucleus (MN) assays combined with CREST staining. For the in vitro MN assay, ICRF‐187, a different type of catalytic inhibitor, and etoposide, a topo II poison, were used for comparison. Treatment of TK6 cells with all three of these drugs resulted in highly significant dose‐related increases in kinetochore‐lacking MN and, to a lesser extent, kinetochore‐containing MN. In addition, a good correlation between p53 accumulation and MN formation was seen in the drug‐treated cells. A mouse MN assay was performed to confirm that similar DNA‐damaging effects would occur in vivo. Bone marrow smears from merbarone‐treated B6C3F1 mice showed a dose‐related increase in micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes with a mean of 26 MN per 1000 cells being seen at the 60 mg/kg dose. Almost all MN lacked a kinetochore signal, indicating that merbarone was predominantly clastogenic under these conditions in vivo. The present study clearly shows that merbarone is genotoxic both in vitro and in vivo, and demonstrates the inaccuracy of earlier statements that merbarone and other catalytic inhibitors block the enzymatic activity of topo II without damaging DNA. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 39:348–356, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification of N‐(deoxyguanosin‐8‐yl)‐4‐azobiphenyl by 32P‐postlabeling analyses of DNA in human uroepithelial cells exposed to proximate metabolites of the environmental carcinogen 4‐aminobiphenyl
Authors: Hatcher James F. , Swaminathan Santhanam 
Published: October 2002

AbstractDNA adducts formed in human uroepithelial cells (HUC) following exposure to N‐hydroxy‐4‐aminobiphenyl (N‐OH‐ABP), the proximate metabolite of the human bladder carcinogen 4‐aminobiphenyl (ABP), were analyzed by the 32P‐postlabeling method. Two adducts detected by 32P‐postlabeling were previously identified as the 3′,5′‐bisphospho derivatives of N‐(deoxyguanosin‐8‐yl)‐4‐aminobiphenyl (dG‐C8‐ABP) and N‐(deoxyadenosin‐8‐yl)‐4‐aminobiphenyl (dA‐C8‐ABP) (Frederickson S et al. [1992] Carcinogenesis 13: 955–961; Hatcher and Swaminathan [1995b] Carcinogenesis 16: 295–301). In contrast to the dG‐C8‐ABP adduct, which was 3′‐dephosphorylated by nuclease P1, dA‐C8‐ABP was resistant to nuclease P1, thus providing an enrichment step before postlabeling. Autoradiography of the two‐dimensional thin‐layer chromatogram of the postlabeled products obtained following nuclease P1 digestion revealed several minor adducts, one of which has been identified in the present study. Postlabeling analyses following nuclease P1 digestion of the products obtained from the reaction of N‐acetoxy‐4‐aminobiphenyl with deoxyguanosine‐3′‐monophosphate (dGp) demonstrated the presence of this minor adduct. The 3′‐monophosphate derivative of the adduct was subsequently chromatographically purified and subjected to spectroscopic analyses. Based on proton NMR and mass spectroscopic analyses of the synthetic product, the chemical structure of the adduct has been identified as N‐(deoxyguanosin‐N2‐yl)‐4‐azobiphenyl (dG‐NN‐ABP). 32P‐Postlabeling analysis of the nuclease P1–enriched DNA hydrolysate of HUCs treated with N‐OH‐ABP or N‐hydroxy‐4‐acetylaminobiphenyl (N‐OH‐AABP) showed the presence of the dG‐NN‐ABP adduct. It was also detected in calf thymus DNA incubated with HUC cytosol and N‐OH‐ABP in the presence of acetyl‐CoA, or incubated with HUC microsomes and N‐OH‐AABP. These results demonstrate that in the target cells for ABP carcinogenesis in vivo, N‐OH‐ABP and N‐OH‐AABP are bioactivated by acyltransferases to reactive arylnitrenium ions that covalently interact at the N2 position of deoxyguanosine in DNA. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 39:314–322, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Induction of genotoxic damage is not correlated with the ability to methylate arsenite in vitro in the leukocytes of four mammalian species†
Authors: Peng B. , Sharma R. , Mass M.J. , Kligerman A.D. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractArsenic is a natural drinking water contaminant that impacts the health of large populations of people throughout the world; however, the mode or mechanism by which arsenic induces cancer is unclear. In a series of in vitro studies, we exposed leukocytes from humans, mice, rats, and guinea pigs to a range of sodium arsenite concentrations to determine whether the lymphocytes from these species showed differential sensitivity to the induction of micronuclei (MN) assessed in cytochalasin B–induced binucleate cells. We also determined the capacity of the leukocytes to methylate arsenic by measuring the production of MMA [monomethylarsinic acid (MMAV) and monomethylarsonous acid (MMAIII)] and DMA [dimethylarsinic acid (DMAV) and dimethylarsonous acid (DMAIII)]. The results indicate that cells treated for 2 hr at the G0 stage of the cell cycle with sodium arsenite showed only very small to negligible increases in MN after mitogenic stimulation. Treatment of actively cycling cells produced induction of MN with increasing arsenite concentration, with the human, rat, and mouse lymphocytes being much more sensitive to MN induction than those of the guinea pig. These data gave an excellent fit to a linear model. The leukocytes of all four species, including the guinea pig (a species previously thought not to methylate arsenic), were able to methylate arsenic, but there was no clear correlation between the ability to methylate arsenic and the induction of MN. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 39:323–332, 2002. Published 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mutation analysis of K‐ras‐2 in liver angiosarcoma and adjacent nonneoplastic liver tissue from patients occupationally exposed to vinyl chloride
Authors: Weihrauch Markus , Bader Michael , Lehnert Gerhard , Koch Bernd , Wittekind Christian , Wrbitzky Renate , Tannapfel Andrea 
Published: October 2002

AbstractVinyl chloride (VC) is a potent liver carcinogen that induces angiosarcomas in humans and animals. Recent evidence shows that liver tumors from patients with VC exposure may have a specific K‐ras mutation pattern. This study was performed to determine the status of K‐ras‐2 in liver angiosarcomas (LAS) from workers occupationally exposed to VC. We examined the presence of K‐ras‐2 mutations in 15 LAS from patients with known exposure to VC (median exposure: 8,260 ppm [range 3,900– 21,000 ppm]]. In all cases, other risk factors for the development of LAS were excluded. Direct DNA sequencing after microdissection of the tumor cells was used for the analysis. Heterozygous mutations of K‐ras‐2 were detected in 8/15 LAS (53%). Five patients (33%) had a mutation of codon 12 and three of codon 13 (20%). The most common changes were G→A transitions in five LAS which lead to the substitution of aspartic acid for glycine in the resulting p21 protein. In two patients (13%), mutations of the K‐ras‐2 gene were identified in the adjacent nonneoplastic liver tissue. These data indicate that VC induces a high frequency of G→A transitions in human LAS. This mutation pattern is likely a consequence of VC‐DNA‐adduct formation. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 40:36–40, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.