bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antisocial personality disorder is associated with increased severity of gambling, medical, drug and psychiatric problems among treatment‐seeking pathological gamblers
Authors: Pietrzak Robert H. , Petry Nancy M. 
Published: July 2005

ABSTRACTAims  To evaluate systematically whether pathological gamblers with antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) experience increased severity of gambling, medical, psychiatric, substance use and psychosocial problems compared to pathological gamblers without ASPD.Participants, design and measurements  Pathological gamblers (n = 237) entering an out‐patient treatment study for pathological gambling completed the ASPD section of the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual version IV (DSM‐IV) Personality Disorders, California Psychological Inventory–Socialization Scale, Addiction Severity Index (ASI), Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) and gambling questionnaires.Setting  Pathological gambling research clinic.Findings  Thirty‐nine (16.5%) pathological gamblers met DSM‐IV diagnostic criteria for ASPD. Compared to pathological gamblers without ASPD, pathological gamblers with ASPD were younger, more likely to be male and divorced/separated, and had fewer years of education. They also began gambling earlier in life, reported increased severity of gambling, medical and drug problems, and scored higher on the paranoid ideation, somatization and phobic anxiety subscales of the BSI. Further, logistic regression identified male gender, history of illicit drug use and severity of gambling and medical problems as independent predictors of ASPD.Conclusions  These results underscore the importance of assessing a wide range of behaviors and personality indices, including ASPD, among treatment‐seeking pathological gamblers.
Reduced expression of Claudin‐7 in fine needle aspirates from breast carcinomas correlate with grading and metastatic disease
Authors: Sauer T. , Pedersen M. K. , Ebeltoft K. , Næss O. 
Published: July 2005

Objective:  To study the immunocytochemical expression of the tight junction protein Claudin‐7 in smears from breast carcinomas and correlate with grading, nodal status, locoregional and distant metastases and the cellular cohesion.Methods:  The material consisted of 52 air‐dried smears from fine needle aspirates of breast carcinomas, both primary and metastatic and smears from seven benign lesions. A primary antibody to Claudin‐7 was used for immunocytochemical staining. The degree of staining was recorded as negative, reduced or full, with full expression meaning equivalent to the staining pattern found in the fibroadenomas used as benign control. Staining intensity and the percentage of stained cells were evaluated. The control smears revealed a strong membrane and cytoplasmic positivity in all luminal epithelial cells. Cellular cohesion was graded as: (1) mainly cohesive groups, (2) groups and single cells and (3) mainly single cells.Results:  All primary and recurrent/metastatic breast lesions expressed Claudin‐7. Full expression was demonstrated in 46% of the cases. Reduced expression was found in 54%. In cases with reduced expression, the percentage of stained cells were usually high, and no smear showed <50% stained tumour cells. The staining pattern was heterogeneous and always mixed membrane/cytoplasmic. Claudin‐7 expression showed a significant correlation (P < 0.05) with grading, locoregional and distant metastases, nodal involvement and cellular cohesion in invasive carcinomas, but not with tumour size or subtype.Conclusion:  Reduced expression of Claudin‐7 correlated with higher tumour grade, metastatic disease, including loco‐regional recurrences and with cellular discohesion.
3‐D Structure of the Marine Coastal Front and Quantitative Estimate of Nutrient Budgets in a Seawater Volume of the NW Adriatic Sea
Authors: Cozzi Stefano , Bortoluzzi Giovanni , Maio Antonia Di , Marcelli Marco 
Published: July 2005

Abstract. A detailed description of a portion of the coastal front (February, 1997) is presented in an area of the north‐western Adriatic Sea, south of the Po River Delta. The structure and distribution of the lower salinity waters, generated by freshwater advection, were investigated using the CTD data provided by the undulating tow‐fish “SARAGO” and modelling the 3–D salinity field of this area. Of the total seawater volume of 27.42 km3, the inshore portion of the front, defined by a salinity value ranging from 28.87 up to 37.00, had a volume of 12.00 km3. In these lower salinity waters we estimated the budgets of the major nutrients and inorganic nitrogen uptake due to primary production by correlating the 3–D salinity field with analytical data of bottle samples that were collected just a few days later.Budgets of dissolved inorganic phosphorus, silicon and nitrogen (8, 250 and 1417 tons, respectively) point clearly to the same proportions of the riverine supply of nutrients in this area, whereas the high amount of dissolved organic nitrogen (1226 tons) and phosphorus (31 tons) stresses the important role of organic fractions in the global balances of these elements in the marine environment. Furthermore, the inorganic nitrogen uptake (34 tons per day) indicates that the main “allochthonous” form of nitrogen, basically constituted by the riverine supply of nitrate, is only partially consumed, whereas the “regenerated” form (i. e. ammonium) seems to sustain an important fraction (53 %) of primary production because of its fast recycling in the coastal marine environment.
The Impact of Human Recreational Activities in Marine Protected Areas: What Lessons Should Be Learnt in the Mediterranean Sea?
Authors: Milazzo Marco , Chemello Renato , Badalamenti Fabio , Camarda Raffaele , Riggio Silvano 
Published: July 2005

Abstract. The aesthetic appeal of marine reserves and the facilities provided, together with the increased public awareness of nature, all contribute to creating massive tourism in MPAs. Human activities are being changed inside MPAs in two ways: humans as top predators are generally being removed, but in turn they could come back at great numbers as visitors.Many authors have studied the impact of visitors, and the results highlight that the consequences can be very substantial and may represent a severe threat to the overall diversity of marine communities. To date, the documented effects of human recreational activities on natural communities are restricted to assessing the consequences of trampling over intertidal and upper infralittoral areas, boat anchoring in seagrass meadows and tropical reefs, or SCUB A‐diving.In this paper we review the available literature world‐wide on the effects of human recreational activities in marine communities. The objective is to address the extent of these impacts and to highlight the gaps of knowledge to be filled in order to optimise decision making on research, monitoring, and management of Mediterranean MPAs. A specific plan for managing tourism use in each Mediterranean MPA should be designated. These strategies should be implemented through education, training, and changes in legislation and policy.
Questionnaire survey on female urinary frequency and incontinence
Authors: TOMOE HIKARU , SEKIGUCHI YUKI , HORIGUCHI MASAKO , TOMA HIROSHI 
Published: July 2005

AbstractBackground: Urinary incontinence is a well‐known bothersome symptom in women, which may cause physical and psychological problems. We conducted a questionnaire survey on female urinary incontinence to investigate the disease's impact on the quality of life (QoL), the reasons women don’t seek medical attention and the information they wished to obtain.Patients and Methods: From March to October 2002, a member of the Professional Women's Coalition for Sexuality and Health distributed a questionnaire about urinary frequency and urinary incontinence to women who were attending the lectures hosted by the group.Results: We analysed 262 questionnaires: 158 people belonged to the Stress Urinary Incontinence (SUI) Group, 36 to the Overactive Bladder (OAB) Group, 22 to the Urinary Frequency (UF) Group and 18 to the Normal Group. ‘Going out’ was most influenced in all three groups with symptoms in their daily life. Compared with the Normal or SUI Group, the QoL in those belonging to the OAB and UF Groups was more deteriorated. The medical institution check‐up rate in the SUI Group was the lowest at 7.1%, bringing down the overall consultation rate to 13.5%. More than 70% of respondents who didn’t have a check‐up said that they did not think it was a problem serious enough to require consultation.Conclusions: Urinary incontinence and frequency impairs women's QoL. It is important to provide information on these diseases and to provide medical treatments that cater to the needs of individual patients.
Development of Two Search Strategies for Literature in MEDLINE–PubMed: Nursing Diagnoses in the Context of Evidence‐Based Nursing
Authors: Berg Almuth , Fleischer Steffen , Behrens Johann 
Published: July 2005

PURPOSE.  To develop and validate search filters for MEDLINE via PubMed according to two categories of the NLINKS‐EBN matrix. METHODS.  The search results of the search filters were compared to a gold standard. FINDINGS.  The usage of nursing classification terms for the literature search in evidence‐based nursing (EBN) is still limited because taxonomies are neither widely used in nursing literature nor applied for indexing by MEDLINE. The proposed filters achieved a sensitivity of 96% and a specificity of 94% for “secondary data” and a sensitivity of 87% and a specificity of 73% for “diagnostic tests.” CONCLUSIONS.  The usage of database‐specific search filters are a reliable and valid method to search for nursing classification terms in medical databases.
Quality of Nursing Diagnoses: Evaluation of an Educational Intervention
Authors: Florin Jan , Ehrenberg Anna , Ehnfors Margareta 
Published: July 2005

PURPOSE.  To investigate the effects on the quality of nursing diagnostic statements in patient records after education in the nursing process and implementation of new forms for recording. METHODS.  Quasi‐experimental design. Randomly selected patient records reviewed before and after intervention from one experimental unit (n = 70) and three control units (n = 70). A scale with 14 characteristics pertaining to nursing diagnoses was developed and used together with the instrument (CAT‐CH‐ING) for record review.FINDINGS.  Quality of nursing diagnostic statements improved in the experimental unit, whereas no improvement was found in the control units. Serious flaws in the use of the etiology component were found. CONCLUSION.  Nurses must be more concerned with the accuracy and quality of the nursing diagnoses and the etiology component needs to be given special attention. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS.  Education of RNs in nursing diagnostic statements and peer review using standardized evaluation instruments can be means to further enhance RNs’ documentation practice.
TcpF Is a Soluble Colonization Factor and Protective Antigen Secreted by El Tor and Classical O1 and O139
Vibrio cholerae
Serogroups
Authors: Kirn Thomas J. , Taylor Ronald K. 
Published: July 2005

ABSTRACT

Vibrio cholerae
causes diarrhea by colonizing the human small bowel and intoxicating epithelial cells. Colonization is a required step in pathogenesis, and strains defective for colonization are significantly attenuated. The best-characterized
V. cholerae
colonization factor is the toxin-coregulated pilus (TCP). It has been demonstrated that TCP is required for
V. cholerae
colonization in both humans and mice. TCP enhances bacterial interactions that allow microcolony formation and thereby promotes survival in the intestine. We have recently discovered that the TCP biogenesis apparatus also serves as a secretion system, mediating the terminal step in the extracellular secretion pathway of TcpF. TcpF was identified in classical isolates of
V. cholerae
O1 as a soluble factor essential for colonization in the infant mouse cholera model. In the present study, we expanded our analysis of TcpF to include the O1 El Tor and O139 serogroups and investigated how TCP and TcpF act together to mediate colonization. Additionally, we demonstrated that antibodies generated against TcpF are protective against experimental
V. cholerae
infection in the infant mouse cholera model. This observation, coupled with the fact that TcpF is a potent mediator of colonization, suggests that TcpF should be considered as a component of a polyvalent cholera vaccine formulation.
An ABC Transporter Containing a Forkhead-Associated Domain Interacts with a Serine-Threonine Protein Kinase and Is Required for Growth of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
in Mice
Authors: Curry Juliet M. , Whalan Rachael , Hunt Debbie M. , Gohil Kalpesh , Strom Molly , Rickman Lisa , Colston M. Joseph , Smerdon Stephen J. , Buxton Roger S. 
Published: July 2005

ABSTRACT

Forkhead-associated (FHA) domains are modular phosphopeptide recognition motifs with a striking preference for phosphothreonine-containing epitopes. FHA domains have been best characterized in eukaryotic signaling pathways but have been identified in six proteins in
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
, the causative organism of tuberculosis. One of these, coded by gene Rv1747, is an ABC transporter and the only one to contain two such modules. A deletion mutant of Rv1747 is attenuated in a mouse intravenous injection model of tuberculosis where the bacterial load of the mutant is 10-fold lower than that of the wild type in both lungs and spleen. In addition, growth of the mutant in mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages and dendritic cells is significantly impaired. In contrast, growth of this mutant in vitro was indistinguishable from that of the wild type. The mutant phenotype was lost when the mutation was complemented by the wild-type allele, confirming that it was due to mutation of Rv1747. Using yeast two-hybrid analysis, we have shown that the Rv1747 protein interacts with the serine-threonine protein kinase PknF. This interaction appears to be phospho-dependent since it is abrogated in a kinase-dead mutant and by mutations in the presumed activation loop of PknF and in the first FHA domain of Rv1747. These results demonstrate that the protein coded by Rv1747 is required for normal virulent infection by
M. tuberculosis
in mice and, since it interacts with a serine-threonine protein kinase in a kinase-dependent manner, indicate that it forms part of an important phospho-dependent signaling pathway.
N-Linked Glycosylation at Asn3and the Positively Charged Residues within the Amino-Terminal Domain of the C1 Inhibitor Are Required for Interaction of the C1 Inhibitor withSalmonella entericaSerovar Typhimurium Lipopolysaccharide and Lipid A
Authors: Liu Dongxu , Cramer Cort C. , Scafidi Jennifer , Davis Alvin E. 
Published: July 2005

ABSTRACTThe C1 inhibitor (C1INH), a plasma complement regulatory protein, prevents endotoxin shock, at least partially via the direct interaction of its amino-terminal heavily glycosylated nonserpin region with gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). To further characterize the potential LPS-binding site(s) within the amino-terminal domain, mutations were introduced into C1INH at the three N-linked glycosylation sites and at the four positively charged amino acid residues. A mutant in which Asn3was replaced with Ala was markedly less effective in its binding to LPS, while substitution of Asn47or Asn59had little effect on binding. The mutation of C1INH at all four positively charged amino acid residues (Arg18, Lys22, Lys30, and Lys55) resulted in near-complete failure to interact with LPS. The C1INH mutants that did not bind to LPS also did not suppress LPS binding or LPS-induced up-regulation of tumor necrosis factor alpha mRNA expression in RAW 264.7 macrophages. In addition, the binding of C1INH mutants to diphosphoryl lipid A was decreased in comparison with that of recombinant wild-type C1INH. Therefore, the interaction of C1INH with gram-negative bacterial LPS is dependent both on the N-linked carbohydrate at Asn3and on the positively charged residues within the amino-terminal domain.
Transcriptional Profiling ofVibrio choleraeRecovered Directly from Patient Specimens during Early and Late Stages of Human Infection
Authors: LaRocque Regina C. , Harris Jason B. , Dziejman Michelle , Li Xiaoman , Khan Ashraful I. , Faruque Abu S. G. , Faruque Shah M. , Nair G. B. , Ryan Edward T. , Qadri Firdausi , Mekalanos John J. , Calderwood Stephen B. 
Published: July 2005

ABSTRACTUnderstanding gene expression by bacteria during the actual course of human infection may provide important insights into microbial pathogenesis. In this study, we evaluated the transcriptional profile ofVibrio cholerae, the causative agent of cholera, in clinical specimens from cholera patients. We collected samples of human stool and vomitus that were positive by dark-field microscopy for abundant vibrios and used a microarray to compare gene expression in organisms recovered directly from specimens collected during the early and late stages of human infection. Our results reveal thatV. choleraegene expression within the human host environment differs from patterns defined in in vitro models of pathogenesis.tcpA, the major subunit of the essentialV. choleraecolonization factor, was significantly more highly expressed in early than in late stages of infection; however, the genes encoding cholera toxin were not highly expressed in either phase of human infection. Furthermore, expression of the virulence regulatorstoxRSandtcpPHwas uncoupled. Interestingly, the pattern of gene expression indicates that the human upper intestine may be a uniquely suitable environment for the transfer of genetic elements that are important in the evolution of pathogenic strains ofV. cholerae. These findings provide a more detailed assessment of the transcriptome ofV. choleraein the human host than previous studies of organisms in stool alone and have implications for cholera control and the design of improved vaccines.
Specificity ofLegionella pneumophilaandCoxiella burnetiiVacuoles and Versatility ofLegionella pneumophilaRevealed by Coinfection
Authors: Sauer John-Demian , Shannon Jeffrey G. , Howe Dale , Hayes Stanley F. , Swanson Michele S. , Heinzen Robert A. 
Published: July 2005

ABSTRACTLegionella pneumophilaandCoxiella burnetiiare phylogenetically related intracellular bacteria that cause aerosol-transmitted lung infections. In host cells both pathogens proliferate in vacuoles whose biogenesis displays some common features. To test the functional similarity of their respective intracellular niches, African green monkey kidney epithelial (Vero) cells, A/J mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages, human macrophages, and human dendritic cells (DC) containing matureC. burnetiireplication vacuoles were superinfected withL. pneumophila, and then the acidity, lysosome-associated membrane protein (LAMP) content, and cohabitation of mature replication vacuoles was assessed. In all cell types, wild-typeL. pneumophilaoccupied distinct vacuoles in close association with acidic, LAMP-positiveC. burnetiireplication vacuoles. In murine macrophages, but not primate macrophages, DC, or epithelial cells,L. pneumophilareplication vacuoles were acidic and LAMP positive. Unlike wild-typeL. pneumophila, type IV secretion-deficientdotAmutants trafficked to lysosome-likeC. burnetiivacuoles in Vero cells where they survived but failed to replicate. In primate macrophages, DC, or epithelial cells, growth ofL. pneumophilawas as robust in superinfected cell cultures as in those singly infected. Thus, despite their noted similarities,L. pneumophilaandC. burnetiiare exquisitely adapted for replication in unique replication vacuoles, and factors that maintain theC. burnetiireplication vacuole do not alter biogenesis of an adjacentL. pneumophilareplication vacuole. Moreover,L. pneumophilacan replicate efficiently in either lysosomal vacuoles of A/J mouse cells or in nonlysosomal vacuoles of primate cells.
A Toll-Like Receptor 2-Responsive Lipid Effector Pathway Protects Mammals against Skin Infections with Gram-Positive Bacteria
Authors: Georgel Philippe , Crozat Karine , Lauth Xavier , Makrantonaki Evgenia , Seltmann Holger , Sovath Sosathya , Hoebe Kasper , Du Xin , Rutschmann Sophie , Jiang Zhengfan , Bigby Timothy , Nizet Victor , Zouboulis Christos C. , Beutler Bruce 
Published: July 2005

ABSTRACT

flake (flk
), an
N
-ethyl-
N
-nitrosourea-induced recessive germ line mutation of C57BL/6 mice, impairs the clearance of skin infections by
Streptococcus pyogenes
and
Staphylococcus aureus
, gram-positive pathogens that elicit innate immune responses by activating Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) (K. Takeda and S. Akira, Cell. Microbiol.
5:
143-153, 2003). Positional cloning and sequencing revealed that
flk
is a novel allele of the stearoyl coenzyme A desaturase 1 gene (
Scd1
).
flake
homozygotes show reduced sebum production and are unable to synthesize the monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) palmitoleate (C
16:1
) and oleate (C
18:1
), both of which are bactericidal against gram-positive (but not gram-negative) organisms in vitro. However, intradermal MUFA administration to
S. aureus
-infected mice partially rescues the
flake
phenotype, which indicates that an additional component of the sebum may be required to improve bacterial clearance. In normal mice, transcription of
Scd1
—a gene with numerous NF-κB elements in its promoter—is strongly and specifically induced by TLR2 signaling. Similarly, the
SCD1
gene is induced by TLR2 signaling in a human sebocyte cell line. These observations reveal the existence of a regulated, lipid-based antimicrobial effector pathway in mammals and suggest new approaches to the treatment or prevention of infections with gram-positive bacteria.
Resistance to IntestinalEntamoeba histolyticaInfection Is Conferred by Innate Immunity and Gr-1+Cells
Authors: Asgharpour Amon , Gilchrist Carol , Baba Duza , Hamano Shinjiro , Houpt Eric 
Published: July 2005

ABSTRACTEstablishment of intestinal infection withEntamoeba histolyticadepends on the mouse strain; C57BL/6 mice are highly resistant, and C3H/HeJ mice are relatively susceptible. We found that resistance to intestinal infection was independent of lymphocyte activity or H-2 haplotype and occurred in the first hours to days postchallenge according to in vivo imaging. At 18 h postchallenge, the ceca of resistant C57BL/6 mice were histologically unremarkable, in contrast to the severe inflammation observed in susceptible C3H/HeJ mice. Comparison of cecal gene expression in C3H/HeJ and C57BL/6 mice demonstrated that there was parasite-induced upregulation of proinflammatory and neutrophil chemotaxis transcripts and there was downregulation of transforming growth factor β signaling molecules. Pretreatment with dexamethasone abrogated the partial resistance of C3H/HeJ or CBA mice through an innate, lymphocyte-independent mechanism, but it had no effect on the high-level resistance of C57BL/6 mice. Similarly, administration of a neutrophil-depleting anti-Gr-1 monoclonal antibody (RB6-8C5) decreased the partial resistance of CBA mice and led to severe pathology compared to control antibody-treated mice, but it had no effect on C57BL/6 resistance. These data indicate that there are discrete mechanisms of innate resistance toE. histolyticadepending on the host background and, in contrast to other reports, imply that neutrophils are protective and not damaging in intestinal amebiasis.