bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Association between Maxillary Posterior Teeth Periapical Pathologies and Maxillary Sinus Mucosal Changes—A Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) Study
Authors: Kaimal Vinitha G. , Patil Bharati 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Introduction Odontogenic infections are one of the common causes of maxillary sinusitis. With the close proximity of the roots of maxillary posterior teeth to the sinus floor, the infection may spread into the sinus causing sinus mucosal thickening. This study aims to evaluate the association between maxillary posterior teeth periapical pathologies and maxillary sinus mucosal changes using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images.
Methods One-hundred six maxillary posterior teeth with periapical lesions were included in this study and were assessed using CBCT images by two maxillofacial radiologists. The proximity of the roots to the sinus floor, the proximity of the top edge of the periapical lesion to the sinus floor, and the sinus mucosal changes associated with the periapical lesions were studied. The size of the periapical lesion was measured and scored using CBCT periapical index. Mucosal thickening more than 2 mm was considered pathological and the type, pattern, and severity of mucosal thickening were assessed. Data were analyzed using chi-squared tests at a level of significance set at p-value less than 0.05.
Results Among the 106 teeth with periapical lesions, 99 teeth (93.4%) revealed the presence of maxillary sinus mucosal thickening. The prevalence of mucosal thickening increased significantly with the presence of cortical bone destruction, the close proximity of the root, and the periapical lesion to the sinus floor. The generalized type of mucosal thickening was more prevalent with larger periapical lesions and a significant increase in the severity of the thickening was observed closer spatial relationship of the root to the sinus floor.
Conclusion Periapical pathologies of maxillary posterior teeth often cause sinus mucosal thickening. The early diagnosis and management of these pathologies will be helpful in preventing the spread of infection into the maxillary sinus.
Social Learning and Reputation Management in an Espionage Crisis
Authors: Kuoppakangas Päivikki , Hagman Sirkka , Stenvall Jari , Kinder Tony 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this qualitative case study comprising 18 thematic interviews was to explore social learning and provide an internal focus on the development path of an international company coping in a crisis. EC is an international engineering and design agency that grew from a small business to a medium-sized enterprise during the crisis era. Since it began operations in 2011, there has been a suspicion of industrial espionage, directed at the founders of the company, including the CEO. Managing internal and external reputations in these circumstances is challenging, as the company builds its legitimacy. The data were content analysed and the results of the study concluded that social learning is crucial to surviving crises. The abductive content analysis and findings of this study are threefold. First, it is suggested that social learning enhances organisational coping in the midst of a crisis. Next, to manage business development and organisational reputation during the crisis, it is necessary to use distributed learning, thinking and doing simultaneously. Thus, the core business and the need for ongoing espionage crime detection create potential harm to the company’s external reputation. Nevertheless, EC’s revenue continuously increased and the trust of clients was maintained.
Update of the BIPM comparison BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Na-22 of activity measurements of the radionuclide 22Na to include the 2022 result of the NMISA (South Africa)
Authors: Coulon Romain , Michotte Carine , Courte Sammy , Nonis Manuel , Rooy Milton W Van , Lubbe Joline , Staden Martin J van 
Published: November 2023

Main text
Since 1976, 13 laboratories have submitted 30 samples of 22Na to the International Reference System (SIR) for activity comparison at the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM), with comparison identifier BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Na-22. Recently, the NMISA (South Africa) participated in the comparison and the key comparison reference value (KCRV) has been updated. The degrees of equivalence between each equivalent activity measured in the SIR and the updated KCRV have been calculated and the results are given in the form of a table. A graphical representation is also given.
To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCRI, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Final report of CCQM-P225a and b, international comparison on carbon dioxide in air and nitrogen at ambient levels (350 μmol/mol to 800 μmol/mol)
Authors: Viallon J , Choteau T , Moussay P , Wielgosz R I , Veen A M H van der , Bi Z , Crotwell A , Hall B , Webber E Mussel , Hill−Pearce R , Brewer P , Worton D , Macé T , Sutour C 
Published: November 2023

Main text
The pilot studies CCQM-P225a and b aimed at validating the performance of the pVT−CO2 manometric reference facility maintained at the BIPM as a reference for the planned ongoing comparisons BIPM.QM-K2a and b for CO2 in air and nitrogen standards, respectively, over the range 350 μmol mol−1 to 800 μmol mol−1. The planned launch date of the BIPM.QM-K2a and b comparisons is 2024 and will enable NMIs and DIs to have access to on-demand comparisons for their CO2 in air and nitrogen standards over the range 350 μmol mol−1 to 800 μmol mol−1.
The pilot studies supplemented the validation activities on the BIPM reference facility already reported in CCQM-P188, and ongoing validation studies against NIST, NOAA and VSL gas standards. A description of the BIPM facility performance will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal in 2023, with a full uncertainty analysis showing that it can operate with a standard uncertainty of 0.1 μmol mol−1 over the amount fraction range of the comparison (Viallon et al 2023b).
The comparison was organised using a sufficient number of independent standards, to demonstrate the performance of the BIPM system, whilst limiting the duration of the pilot study, allowing the key comparison to start as planned in 2024. Following discussions at the 44th GAWG meeting it was decided that comparisons with 3 independent standards at 3 nominal amount fraction values (380, 480 and 800 μmol mol−1) in the two matrices (air and nitrogen) would be sufficient.
Results presented in this report show a good agreement between values assigned by participants and those measured at the BIPM, over the entire range of the comparison and for both matrices (air and nitrogen). The BIPM pVT−CO2 facility is ready to act as reference facility for the ongoing key comparison BIPM.QM−K2.
To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
PbMg 1/3
Nb
2/3
O3 dielectric aging in the freezing temperature region
Authors: Vakhrushev S B , Koroleva E Yu , Molokov A Yu , Vakulenko A F , Filimonov A V , Rudskoy A I 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Aging of the relaxors and PbMg

1

/

3

Nb

2

/

3

O3 in particular was extensively studied in last two decades. Most of the results were related to the low temperature glass-like region. No systematic data around the freezing temperatures were reported. To cover this still missing information we have studied the evolution of the dielectric spectra in the broad frequency region from 10−1 Hz to 106 Hz both below and above the freezing temperature

T
f

≈

240 K. Below freezing temperature the existence of the earlier reported waiting time–frequency scaling at frequencies below ≈50 Hz is confirmed. At higher frequencies this deviation from the scaling is observed that can be tentatively attributed to the complexity of the relaxing entities. Above Tf
aging is observed only in the restricted frequency interval below the maximum of the dielectric loss spectrum. The observed effect can be attributed to the hardening and narrowing of the dielectric loss spectra and decreasing of the dielectric strength with time. The explanation is proposed based on the concept of the creation of the degenerate polar nanoregions covering several chemically ordered regions (COR) (multi PNRs—MPNRs). These MPNRs are large compare to the PNRs located at the single CORs and some of them may become frozen resulting in the described spectra changes.
Latest innovations in the field of condition-based maintenance of rotatory machinery: a review
Authors: Kumar Anil , Gandhi C P , Tang Hesheng , Sun Weifang , Xiang Jiawei 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Health monitoring in rotatory machinery is a process of developing a mechanism to determine its state of deterioration. It involves analysing the presence of damage, locating the fault, determining the severity of the problem, and calculating the amount of time that the machine can still be used effectively by making use of signal processing methods. The journey started to repair when the machine fails and progressed to the modern era, which involves the use of advanced sensors to capture data and conduct on-line signal processing methods to extract relevant features. By seamlessly integrating advanced smart sensing, data collection, and intelligent algorithms, modern technologies have transformed the landscape of condition-based maintenance for rotary machinery, bridging the gap between fundamental understanding and practical engineering applications. In this review paper, first, the roadmap of the condition-based maintenance (CBM) journey for rotary machinery is briefly introduced. Then, CBM task techniques are reviewed in the context of manual identification of defects, applying artificial intelligence (AI) model to identify the defect in the rotary machinery, and AI to carry out defect prognosis and determine the remaining useful life. Finally, the challenges, and issues of signal processing methods to detect faults in rotary machinery, and remedies to overcome such challenges are deeply discussed and future research directions are identified to ensure safe operation for rotary machinery.
Research on wind field visualization based on UAV wind measurement method
Authors: Pu Ou , Yuan Boqiu , Li Zhengnong , Bao Terigen , Chen Zheng , Zhang Shibo , Yan Jin , Li Zhen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This study introduces an efficient and precise method for gathering atmospheric wind field data in specific regions, utilizing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) equipped with anemometers. We conducted outdoor wind field measurements over complex terrains using a six-rotor UAV equipped with an ultrasonic anemometer. The results obtained include a vertical wind field profile at the center of the measured site, along with two planar wind field profiles at 20 m and 40 m heights. The analysis reveals a remarkably high fitting accuracy for the wind profile and turbulence intensity results obtained. Furthermore, the planar wind field data partially demonstrates the impact of terrain on the upper-level wind field within the surveyed area. Lastly, we established a three-dimensional wind field visualization approach using the data gathered through the UAV wind measurement method, implementing Kriging interpolation. This study’s outcomes offer novel insights and methodologies for local wind field measurement, micro-siting in wind farms, and the creation of visualized wind fields.
Effect of vacancy defects on anisotropic electronic transport behaviors of CoN4C2 based 2D devices: a first-principles study
Authors: Yang Wenhao , Chen Tong , Xie Luzhen , Yu Yang , Luo Cheng , Long Mengqiu 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The strong anisotropic electronic transport properties of the single-atom-thick material CoN4C2 monolayer hold immense importance for the advancement of the electronics industry. Using density functional theory combined with non-equilibrium Green’s function systematically studied the electronic structural properties and anisotropic electronic transport properties of the CoN4C2 monolayer. The results show that Co, N, and C single-atom vacancy defects do not change the electronic properties of the CoN4C2 monolayer, which remains metallic. The pristine device and the devices composed of Co, N single-atom vacancy defects exhibit stronger electronic transport along the armchair direction than the zigzag direction, which exhibit strong anisotropy, and a negative differential resistance (NDR) effect can be observed. In contrast to the results mentioned above, the device with C single-atom vacancy defects only exhibits the NDR effect. Among them, the device with the N single-atom vacancy defect regime exhibits the strongest anisotropy, with an I
Z/I
A of up to 7.95. Moreover, based on the strongest anisotropy exhibited by N single-atom vacancy defects, we further studied the influence of different sites of the N-atom vacancy on the electronic transport properties of the devices. The results indicate that N-1, N-2, N-3, N-12, N-23, N-123, N-1234, and N-12345 model devices did not change the high anisotropy and NDR effect of the device, and among them the N-1234 exhibits the strongest anisotropy, the I
Z/I
A reaches 6.12. A significant NDR effect is also observed for the electronic transport along the armchair direction in these devices. However, the current gradually decreases as an increase of the number of N defects. These findings showcase the considerable potential for integration of the CoN4C2 monolayer in switching devices and NDR-based multifunctional nanodevices.
Enhancing β-Ga2O3-film ultraviolet detectors via RF magnetron sputtering with seed layer insertion on c-plane sapphire substrate
Authors: Wang Guodong , Wang Haohan , Chen Tingyu , Feng Yanji , Zeng Hua , Guo Lanlan , Liu Xiaolian , Yang Yingli 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Gallium oxide (Ga2O3) possesses a band gap of approximately 4.9 eV, aligning its detection wavelength within the solar-blind region, making it an ideal semiconductor material for solar-blind photodetectors. This study aims to enhance the performance of Ga2O3 ultraviolet (UV) detectors by pre-depositing a Ga2O3 seed layer on a c-plane sapphire substrate. The x-ray diffraction and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses validated that the deposited films, following high-temperature annealing, comprised β-Ga2O3. Comparing samples with and without a 20 nm seed layer, it was found that the former exhibited fewer oxygen defects and substantially improved crystal quality. The incorporation of the seed layer led to the realization of detectors with remarkably low dark current (≤15.3 fA). Moreover, the photo-to-dark current ratio was enhanced by 30% (surpassing 1.3 × 104) and the response/recovery time reduced to 0.9 s/0.01 s, indicating faster performance. Furthermore, these detectors demonstrated higher responsivity (4.8 mA W−1), improved detectivity (2.49 × 1016 Jones), and excellent solar-blind characteristics. This study serves as a foundational stepping toward achieving high-quality β-Ga2O3 thin film and UV detector arrays.
A Monte Carlo study on the secondary neutron generation by oxygen ion beams for radiotherapy and its comparison to lighter ions
Authors: Geser Federico A , Stabilini Alberto , Christensen Jeppe B , Muñoz Iván D , Yukihara Eduardo G , Jäkel Oliver , Vedelago José 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjective.To study the secondary neutrons generated by primary oxygen beams for cancer treatment and compare the results to those from primary protons, helium, and carbon ions. This information can provide useful insight into the positioning of neutron detectors in phantom for future experimental dose assessments.Approach.Mono-energetic oxygen beams and spread-out Bragg peaks were simulated using the Monte Carlo particle transport codesFLUktuierende KAskade, tool for particle simulation, and Monte Carlo N-Particle, with energies within the therapeutic range. The energy and angular distribution of the secondary neutrons were quantified.Main results.The secondary neutron spectra generated by primary oxygen beams present the same qualitative trend as for other primary ions. The energy distributions resemble continuous spectra with one peak in the thermal/epithermal region, and one other peak in the fast/relativistic region, with the most probable energy ranging from 94 up to 277 MeV and maximum energies exceeding 500 MeV. The angular distribution of the secondary neutrons is mainly downstream-directed for the fast/relativistic energies, whereas the thermal/epithermal neutrons present a more isotropic propagation. When comparing the four different primary ions, there is a significant increase in the most probable energy as well as the number of secondary neutrons per primary particle when increasing the mass of the primaries.Significance.Most previous studies have only presented results of secondary neutrons generated by primary proton beams. In this work, secondary neutrons generated by primary oxygen beams are presented, and the obtained energy and angular spectra are added as supplementary material. Furthermore, a comparison of the secondary neutron generation by the different primary ions is given, which can be used as the starting point for future studies on treatment plan comparison and secondary neutron dose optimisation. The distal penumbra after the maximum dose deposition appears to be a suitable location for in-phantom dose assessments.
Feature detection of mineral zoning in spiral slope flow under complex conditions based on improved YOLOv5 algorithm
Authors: Keshun You , Huizhong Liu 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In actual processing plants, the quality and efficiency of the traditional spiral slope flow concentrator still rely on workers to observe the changes in the mineral belt. However, in realistic complex working conditions, the formation of mineral separation zones is subject to large uncertainties, and coupled with the limited efforts, experience, and responsibility of workers, it becomes important to free up labour and improve the efficiency and profitability of the beneficiation plant. Therefore, to solve the problem of difficult detection of fuzzy small target mineral separation point features in real scenes, an improved YOLOv5-based algorithm is proposed. Firstly, the dataset quality is well improved by image enhancement and pre-processing techniques, after that an innovative CASM attention mechanism is added to the backbone of the YOLOv5 model, followed by a multi-scale feature output and prediction enhancement in the neck part of the model, and an optimized loss function is designed to optimize the whole feature learning process. The improved effect of the model and the specific detection performance were tested using real mine belt image datasets, the ablation experiment verified the comprehensive effectiveness of the proposed improved method and finally compared it with the existing high-level attention mechanism and target detection algorithms. The experimental results show that the improved YOLOv5 algorithm proposed in this study has the best overall detection performance carrying a MAP of 0.954, which is over 20% better than YOLOv5. It is worth mentioning that the improvement to achieve this performance only increases the parameter values by 0.8M and GFLOPs by 1.8, moreover, in terms of the inference speed, it also achieves a respectable 63 FPS, implying that the proposed improved method achieves a better balance between the performance enhancement and the computational complexity of the model, the overall detection results fully satisfy the industrial requirements.
The vortex light induced electric dipole and electric quadru-pole transition in Ca atom
Authors: Lu Zhenzhong , Liu Min , Feng Ce , Zhou Jiannan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Laguerre–Gaussian beam induced electric transition model is presented. The major mechanism of angular momentum exchange between the light and the atomic system is discussed. The influence of the topological charge on the transition probability and selection rules is obtained. Our results show that the Ca(4s2 1S0–4s3d 1D2) electric quadrupole transition selection rules are sensitive to the sign of l, and the center of mass transition selection rules are governed by the topological charge l of the light. The electric dipole transition is possible in a field with topological charge l > 0, and the quadrupole transition is no longer forbidden. The overall transition probability difference between dipole transition and quadrupole transition can be decreased by the joint action of the light angular momentum exchange with the external and the internal motion.
On how fast ions enhance the regulation of drift wave turbulence by zonal flows
Authors: Choi G.J. , Diamond P.H. , Hahm T.S. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This paper presents a mechanism for enhanced regulation of drift wave turbulence by zonal flows in the presence of a fast ion population. It demonstrates that dilution effects due to the energetic particles (EPs) have a far-reaching impact on all aspects of the nonlinear dynamics. The modulational growth of zonal flow shear and the corresponding evolution of drift wave energy are calculated with dilution effects. The coupled zonal flow growth and drift wave energy equations are reduced to a predator–prey model. This is solved for the fixed points, which represents the various states of the system. Results display a strong dependence on dilution, which leads to greatly reduced levels of saturated turbulence and transport. Implications for the FIRE mode plasma of KSTAR are discussed in detail. This model is perhaps the simplest dynamical one which captures the beneficial effects of EPs on confinement.
Microstructure of phosphate conversion film formed on the surface of A36 steel prepared by micro-arc discharge plasma
Authors: Chen H L , Wu Y D , Yeah C C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Phosphate conversion film is an important surface protection film for steel. It mainly has the functions of corrosion resistance, wear resistance, plastic processing lubricity, etc., or as the basis of subsequent coating or painting. Phosphate treatment is traditionally used to form a Phosphate conversion film on the surface of steel. In this treatment method, a dilute solution of phosphoric acid and phosphate can be applied to the surface to be treated by spraying or soaking, so that it can react with the surface to form an insoluble phosphate film. This method is more difficult to control the thickness and microstructure of the formed film, and there are many pretreatment procedures. In response to future environmental policies, carbon neutrality and 2050 net zero carbon emissions must be met. In this study, the micro-arc discharge method was used from the surface pretreatment of A36 steel to the formation of the phosphoric acid film. The consistent method shortened the process steps and reduced the carbon emission of the process to comply with the environmental policy. The discharge voltage is 50 ∼ 200 V, the current is about 1.6 A, and the different process time and current are controlled, which to observe the microstructure of the phosphoric acid film and surface hardness. Possible reaction mechanisms for phosphate film formation will be discussed in this paper.