bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment of Indolent B-Cell Nonfollicular Lymphomas: Final Results of the LL01 Randomized Trial of the Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio dei Linfomi
Authors: Baldini Luca , Brugiatelli Maura , Luminari Stefano , Lombardo Marco , Merli Francesco , Sacchi Stefano , Gobbi Paolo , Liberati Marina , Cavanna Luigi , Colombi Mariangela , Stelitano Caterina , Goldaniga Maria , Morabito Fortunato , Federico Massimo , Silingardi Vittorio 
Published: April 2003

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of epirubicin on therapeutic response and survival in patients with indolent nonfollicular B-cell lymphomas (INFL) treated with pulsed high-dose chlorambucil. Patients and Methods: A total of 170 untreated patients with advanced/active INFL were randomly assigned to receive either eight cycles of high-dose chlorambucil (15 mg/m2/d) plus prednisone (100 mg/d) for 5 days (HD-CHL-P; arm A) or eight cycles of HD-CHL-P plus epirubicin 60 mg/m2 intravenous on day 1 (arm B). The responding patients were randomly assigned to either maintenance therapy with interferon alfa (IFNα-2a; 3 MU, three times weekly) for 12 months or observation. Results: There were 160 assessable patients (82 males, 78 females; median age, 63 years; range, 33 to 77 years); 77 patients were assigned to arm A, and 83 were assigned to arm B. Induction therapy led to 47 complete responses (CRs; 29.4%) and 68 partial responses (PRs; 42.5%), with no significant difference between the two arms (60 CR + PR in arm A [77.9%] and 55 CR + PR in arm B [66.3%]; P = .07). After a median follow-up of 38 months (range, 2 to 103 months), there was no between-group difference in overall survival (OS; P = .45), failure-free survival (P = .07), or progression-free survival (PFS; P = .5). Eighty-eight patients were randomly assigned to either IFNα-2a (n = 43) or observation (n = 45), without any difference in 3-year PFS (44% and 42%, respectively). Univariate analysis showed that OS was influenced by age, anemia, serum lactate dehydrogenase levels, and International Prognostic Index distribution; multivariate analysis identified age and anemia as having influence on OS. Conclusion: HD-CHL-P treatment outcome in INFL patients was good (50% 3-year PFS, minimal toxicity, and low costs); epirubicin did not add any advantage. One-year IFNα maintenance treatment did not prolong response duration.
Improved Rolling Schedules for the Dynamic Single-Level Lot-Sizing Problem
Authors: Stadtler Hartmut 
Published: April 2003

A major argument for favoring simple lot-sizing heuristics—like the Silver/Meal or Groff's heuristic—to solve instances of the dynamic single-level uncapacitated lot-sizing problem (SLLSP) instead of exact algorithms—like those of Wagner/Whitin or Federgruen/Tzur—is that exact algorithms applied in a rolling horizon environment are heuristics too and may be outperformed by simple heuristics. This article shows how to modify the model of the SLLSP by looking beyond the planning horizon. Extensive tests within a rolling horizon environment have demonstrated that the modified model solved by an exact algorithm now performs at least as well as well-known heuristics and is fairly insensitive to the length of the planning horizon. Furthermore, our principal idea of improving rolling schedules by considering only a portion of the fixed cost related to a decision with an impact on periods beyond the planning horizon is applicable to a wide range of decision models.
Interphase layer formation in isotactic polypropylene/ethylene–propylene rubber blends
Authors: Baranov Andrey O. , Erina Nataliya A. , Kuptsov Sergey A. , Medintseva Tatiyana I. , Prut Eduard V. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThe influence of the interphase layer, formed by the introduction of an oil in ethylene–propylene rubber (EPR), on the structure and properties of isotactic polypropylene (iPP)/EPR blends was studied. The dispersity of the rubber phase in the iPP matrix did not depend on presence of oil. The melting temperature of iPP decreased with increasing content of oil‐extended EPR, and it did not change if the oil was absent. The compatibility parameter was determined from the dependency of the iPP melting point on the rubber content with the Nishi–Wang equation. A negative value of the parameter indicated a limited compatibility of iPP with oil‐extended EPR. The latter also reduced the temperature and heat of crystallization of iPP. The mechanical properties of iPP/EPR blends were investigated as functions of temperature and elongation rate. It appeared that elastic modulus and yield stress of the blends linearly depended on the logarithm of the elongation rate. Activation volumes, calculated with the Eyring equation, increased with increasing content of elastomer; moreover, this increase was more pronounced for the oil‐extended elastomer. It is suggested that the oil influenced the structure of the interphase layer and, accordingly, the characteristics of the iPP/EPR blends. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 249–257, 2003
Preparation and characterizations of interpenetrating polymer network hydrogels of poly(ethylene oxide) and poly(methyl methacrylate)
Authors: Kim Seon Jeong , Lee Chang Kee , Kim In Young , Hyeok An Kay , Kim Sun I. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractInterpenetrating polymer network (IPN) hydrogels based on poly(ethylene oxide) and poly(methyl methacrylate) were prepared by radical polymerization using 2,2‐dimethyl‐2‐phenylacetophenone and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as initiators and crosslinkers, respectively. The IPN hydrogels were analyzed for sorption behavior at 25°C and at a relative humidity of 95% using dynamic vapor sorption. The IPN hydrogels exhibited a relatively high equilibrium water content in the range of 13–68%. The state of water in the swollen IPN hydrogels was investigated using differential scanning calorimetry. The free water in the hydrogels increased as the hydrophilic content increased. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 258–262, 2003
Sag mir, wo die Männer sind …
Authors: Vogt Günter 
Published: April 2003

AbstractMitte der 1990er Jahre ist im deutschen Aquarienhandel ein Flusskrebs aufgetaucht, der sich wegen seiner ansprechenden marmorierten Färbung und seiner einfachen Handhabbarkeit rasch zu einem Liebling der Aquarianer entwickelt hat. Seine Herkunft ist rätselhaft, seine Vermehrungsfähigkeit enorm: Im Gegensatz zu anderen Dekapoden sind die Weibchen des „Marmorkrebses”︁ zur Fortpflanzung nicht auf Männchen angewiesen.
Synaptic connections of starburst amacrine cells and localization of acetylcholine receptors in primate retinas
Authors: Yamada Elizabeth S. , Dmitrieva Nina , Keyser Kent T. , Lindstrom Jon M. , Hersh Louis B. , Marshak David W. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractStarburst amacrine cells in the macaque retina were studied by electron microscopic immunohistochemistry. We found that these amacrine cells make a type of synapse not described previously; they are presynaptic to axon terminals of bipolar cells. We also confirmed that starburst amacrine cells are presynaptic to ganglion cell dendrites and amacrine cell processes. In order to determine the functions of these synapses, we localized acetylcholine receptors using a monoclonal antibody (mAb210) that recognizes human α3‐ and α5‐containing nicotinic receptors and also antisera against the five known subtypes of muscarinic receptors. The majority of the mAb210‐immunoreactive perikarya were amacrine cells and ganglion cells, but a subpopulation of bipolar cells was also labeled. A subset of bipolar cells and a subset of horizontal cells were labeled with antibodies to M3 muscarinic receptors. A subset of amacrine cells, including those that contain cholecystokinin, were labeled with antibodies to M2 receptors. Taken together, these results suggest that acetylcholine can modulate the activity of retinal ganglion cells by multiple pathways. J. Comp. Neurol. 461:76–90, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Distribution of CNTF receptor α protein in the central nervous system of the chick embryo
Authors: Fuhrmann Sabine , Grabosch Kim , Kirsch Matthias , Hofmann Hans‐Dieter 
Published: April 2003

AbstractCiliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) promotes the survival and differentiation of various neuronal and glial cell populations in the nervous system of vertebrates. In mammals, the ligand‐binding α‐subunit of the CNTF receptor (CNTFRα) is expressed in a variety of neuronal populations, including all CNTF‐responsive cells. Previous studies suggested that functional differences in the CNTF/CNTF receptor system between chicks and mammals exist. The purpose of the present study was to examine the temporal and spatial expression pattern of the chick CNTFRα protein during CNS development. Receptor expression was detectable by immunoblotting in all CNS areas tested but showed area‐specific developmental regulation. Interestingly, two variants of CNTFRα, 69 and 65 kD, were identified by immunoblotting with a shift from the higher to the lower molecular mass species occurring during development. Immunoreactivity for CNTFRα protein was preferentially observed in neuropil and white matter structures of the developing CNS while neuronal somata generally appeared unlabeled. For example, expression was observed in the olfactory system, in the telencephalon, in parts of the somatosensory system, in components of the tectofugal pathway, in the cerebellum, and in auditory brainstem nuclei. Fiber tracts that exhibit CNTFRα immunoreactivity were the lateral forebrain bundle, occipitomesencephalic tract, quintofrontal tract, and vestibular nerve. Our study identifies potential new targets of a chick CNTF‐related molecule and reveals significant regional differences of CNTFRα protein expression between chick and mammals. These results suggest that the CNTF receptor performs distinct developmental functions in different animals. J. Comp. Neurol. 461:111–122, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Stable systolic inequalities and cohomology products
Authors: Bangert Victor , Katz Mikhail 
Published: April 2003

AbstractMultiplicative relations in the cohomology ring of a manifold impose constraints upon its stable systoles. Given a compact Riemannian manifold (X, g), its real homology H*(X, ℝ) is naturally endowed with the stable norm. Briefly, if h ∈ Hk (X, ℝ), then the stable norm of h is the infimum of the Riemannian k‐volumes of real cycles representing h. The stable k‐systole is the minimum of the stable norm over nonzero elements in the lattice of integral classes in Hk (X, ℝ). Relying on results from the geometry of numbers due to W. Banaszczyk, and extending work by M. Gromov and J. Hebda, we prove metric‐independent inequalities for products of stable systoles, where the product can be as long as the real cup length of X. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis of hindered hydrazones and their reaction with thionyl chloride
Authors: Hegab Mohamed I. , Hassan Nasser A. , El‐Telbani Emad M. , Ahmed Farag Ibrahim S. , Abdel‐Megeid Farouk M. E. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractHydrazones 12a–c and ketazines 13a–c were prepared by the reaction of ketones 11a–c with hydrazine hydrate depending on the temperature and the reaction time. Some ketone (aryl)hydrazone derivatives 14a,c,e reacted with thionyl chloride to afford the chlorothiadiazoline derivatives 15a–c. Surprisingly, the chlorine atom in the latter compounds was found to undergo smooth nucleophilic substitution, and by boiling these compounds in absolute ethanol gave the corresponding ethoxythiadiazoline derivatives 16a–c. The structure of the ethoxythiadiazoline 16b was confirmed by single crystal X‐ray determination. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 14:223–228, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.10125
A facile approach to phosphonic acid diesters
Authors: Xiao Qiang , Ju Yong , Zhao Yufen 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThe symmetric H‐phosphonates of carbohydrate and other compounds were conveniently prepared by direct transesterification of the corresponding monohydroxylic compounds with diphenyl phosphite. The approach has the merits of mild reaction conditions and high yields. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 14:208–210, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.10130
Parmelia cirrhatum: a potential source of broad spectrum natural antifungal
Authors: Shahi Sushil K. , Patra Mamta , Dikshit Anupam , Upreti D. K 
Published: April 2003

AbstractDuring antifungal screening of some plants, the water extract of lichen, Parmelia cirrhatum was found to be most effective against tested pathogenic fungi at the range of 60–80 µL/mL concentrations. The extract showed heavy doses of inoculum potential at 80 µL/mL and the antifungal activity of the extract did not expire up to 24 months of storage. The extract did not showed any irritation on mammalian skin up to 10% concentration. Thus, the water extract of Parmelia cirrhatum can be used a potential source of natural antifungal against fungal infections. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of Zuccagnia punctata on the gastrointestinal tract in rats and mice
Authors: Ortega C. A. , María A. O. M. , Giordano O. S. , Gianello J. C. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractA pharmacological evaluation of Zuccagnia punctata Cav. (Fabaceae) on the gastrointestinal tract was made in rats and mice. 2′,4′‐dihydroxychalcone and 2′,4′‐dihydroxy‐3′‐methoxychalcone were isolated from Zuccagnia punctata. The data reported in the present work indicate that the acetone extract and infusion of Zuccagnia punctata reduced intestinal transit in rats and mice and offered protection against ethanol‐induced ulceration in rats. The Z. punctata effect could be due, in part, to the presence of 2′,4′‐dihydroxychalcone and 2′,4′‐dihydroxy‐3′‐methoxychalcone in this plant. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antiangiogenic activity of lupeol from Bombax ceiba
Authors: You Young‐Jae , Nam Nguyen‐Hai , Kim Yong , Bae Ki‐Hwan , Ahn Byung‐Zun 
Published: April 2003

AbstractIn the search for antiangiogenic agents from medicinal plants used in Vietnam, a methanol extract of the stem barks of Bombax ceiba was found to exhibit a signiﬁcant antiangiogenic activity on in vitro tube formation of human umbilical venous endothelial cells (HUVEC). Bioactivity‐guided fractionation and isolation carried out on this extract afforded lupeol as an active principle. At 50 and 30 µg/mL lupeol showed a marked inhibitory activity on HUVEC tube formation while it did not affect the growth of tumor cell lines such as SK‐MEL‐2, A549, and B16‐F10 melanoma. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Protective effects of Acanthopanax Radix extract against endotoxemia induced by lipopolysaccharide
Authors: Yokozawa Takako , Rhyu Dong Young , Chen Cui Ping 
Published: April 2003

AbstractEndotoxemia causes an enhanced production of reactive oxygen radicals, which contribute to multiple organ dysfunction. When rats were given intravenous lipopolysaccharide and tested 6 h later we found that the activities of catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) in kidney, were acutely suppressed while in serum the levels of nitric oxide (NO), lipid peroxidation, urea nitrogen and creatinine were signiﬁcantly increased, indicating the excessive production of reactive oxygen radicals and the presence of renal injury. Pretreatment of rats with Acanthopanax Radix extract administered orally for 30 days reduced the NO and lipid peroxidation levels, increased the activities of catalase and GSH‐Px, and attenuated the renal dysfunction. These results suggested that scavenging of reactive oxygen radicals is part of the mechanism by which Acanthopanax Radix extract works as an effective agent in preventing multiple organ dysfunction. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In vitro antagonistic activity of monoterpenes and their mixtures against ‘toe nail fungus’ pathogens
Authors: Ramsewak Russel S. , Nair Muraleedharan G. , Stommel Manfred , Selanders Louise 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThe antibiotic effect of the active ingredients in Meijer™ medicated chest rub (eucalyptus oil, camphor and menthol) as well as the inactive ingredients (thymol, oil of turpentine, oil of nutmeg and oil of cedar leaf) were studied in vitro using the fungal pathogens responsible for onychomycosis, such as the dermatophytes Tricophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Microsporum canis, Epidermophyton ﬂoccosum and Epidermophyton stockdale. The zones of inhibition data revealed that camphor (1), menthol (2), thymol (3) and oil of Eucalyptus citriodora were the most efﬁcacious components against the test organisms. The MIC100 for mixtures of these four components in various carrier solvents revealed that formulations consisting of 5 mg/mL concentrations of each have a potential to be efffective in controlling onychomycosis. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Developmental studies on the uptake of tyrosine by synaptosomes and plasma membrane vesicles derived from rat brain. Effect of thyroid hormones
Authors: Herrero E. , Diez‐Guerra J. , Aragon M.C. , Valdivieso F. , Gimenfz C. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThe uptake of l‐tyrosine at various stages of development was examined in synaptosomes and in plasma membrane vesicles derived from rat bruin. The total uptake has two components. Na+ dependent and Na+‐independent, respectively. The Na+‐dependent component of the transport system appears around the 5th postnatal day and increases with age. The affinity of the transport system for tyrosine does not vary substantially during development. The Vmax increases more than six‐fold between day 15 and adulthood. Plasma membrane vesicles derived from T3‐treated rats accumulate more tyrosine than those obtained from the control animals. The results support the view that thyroid hormones during development promote the establishment of the systems implicated in neurotransmission in the developing nervous system.
Alteration of cerebral ganglioside metabolism in developing Snell dwarf mice
Authors: Sugisaki Tetsuro , Noguchi Tetsuya , Kanamatsu Tomoyuki , Nishikawa Naoto 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThe ganglioside metabolism of the Snell dwarf cerebrum was examined on postnatal days 15 and 20, by monitoring the rate of incorporation of radioactivity into each ganglioside species from tritiated N‐acetyl‐d‐mannosamine. It was found that the turnover rate of the GM3 ganglioside was reduced throughout the entire period of development, resulting in retardation of A pathway metabolism which becomes abundant during late cerebral development. In addition, the turnover rate of the GM4 species, which is considered related to myelin formation, was also found to be reduced throughout the entire period of cerebral development.
Development of excitatory amino acid induced cytotoxicity in cultured neurons
Authors: Frandsen Aase , Schousboe Arne 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThe neurotoxicity of the excitatory amino acids (EAAs) l‐glutamate (l‐glu), l‐aspartate (l‐asp), N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate (NMDA), kainate (KA), quisqualate (QA) and RS‐α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolopropionate (AMPA) was followed as a function of development in primary cultures of cerebral cortex neurons and cerebellar granule cells. These two types of neurons express, respectively, glutamate receptor subtypes with sensitivity to all of these excitatory amino acids or only to glutamate and aspartate. None of the EAAs were toxic in cerebral cortex neurons at 2 days in culture, whereas at culture day 4 the neurons became sensitive to glutamate, at day 5 to KA followed by sensitivity to QA at day 6, and finally to NMDA, l‐asp and AMPA at day 7. The rank order of potency of the EAAs was in cerebral cortex neurons cultured for 12 days: l‐asp (ed50 = 0.5 μM) = l‐glu (ed50 = 1 μM) > AMPA(ed50 = 10 μM) > NMDA (ed50 = 65 μM) > QA = KA (ed50 = 100 μM). Cerebellar granule cells were insensitive to all of the EAAs at 3 and 5 days in culture but at day 8 the cells became sensitive to toxicity induced by l‐glu (ed50 = 70 μM) and l‐asp (ed50 = 30 μM). In order to determine Ed50 values for l‐asp and l‐glu accurately, media in these experiments also contained 500 μM of the glutamate uptake inhibitor l‐aspartate‐β‐hydroxamate. It is concluded that the EAA‐induced cytotoxicity is strictly related to the glutamate receptor subtype expression in the neurons. Furthermore, based on the differences in temporal development of toxicity of the different EAAs in cortex neurons, it is evident that all glutamate receptor subtypes independently mediate the cytotoxic action of EAAs. Finally, it seems justified to conclude that QA and AMPA do not have strictly analogous actions.
Involvement of gaba receptors in the regulation of neurite growth in cultured embryonic chick tectum
Authors: Michler Angelika 
Published: April 2003

AbstractModulation of neurite growth by γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) and several agonists and antagonists to its receptors was analysed in neuronal cultures of embryonic chick tectum and rat cerebellum, respectively, using morphometric methods. In each case, modulation of growth by GABA was similar in both types of neurons. However, data on neunte elongation suggest differential effects depending on the culture medium used. In serum‐containing medium GABA stimulated neurite growth. In serum‐free, defined medium the opposite effect was observed, i.e. GABA inhibited neurite elongation in tectal as well as in cerebellar cultures. When agonists of the GABAA‐receptor were employed stimulation of neurite outgrowth was observed in serum‐supplemented medium but not in serum‐free medium. These ligands could not influence the inhibition of neurite growth caused by GABA. In contrast, the GABAB‐receptor agonist (−)baclofen inhibited neurite elongation in serum‐free medium without affecting cells in the presence of serum. Phaclofen, a GABAB‐receptor antagonist, induced quite the opposite effect. It stimulated neurite elongation in serum‐free culture conditions and prevented the inhibition induced by GABA in a concentration‐dependent manner. In serum‐supplemented medium it had no effect. The data suggest that GABAA‐receptors may be involved in the GABA‐induced neurite elongation in serum‐supplemented medium only, although this subtype of receptors is present in serumfree conditions as well as revealed in binding studies using [3H]muscimol. Whether GABAB‐receptors and/or as yet undefined mechanisms are responsible for the different action of GABA in serum‐free medium is subject of further investigations.
Immunofluorescent labeling of tight junctions in the rat brain and spinal cord
Authors: Smith George M. , Shine H. David 
Published: April 2003

AbstractTight junctions may play an important role in maintaining the integrity of the blood‐brain barrier. These junctions can be individually visualized using electron microscopy but no current technique is able to provide a more global picture of the presence and density of tight junctions in central nervous system tissue. We used an antibody that recognizes a high molecular weight protein (ZO‐1) associated with tight junctions, to identify these specialized junctions within the rat brain and spinal cord. Immunofluorescent labeling showed a network of tight junctions between cells in the brain vasculature, leptomeninges and choroid plexus, and between tanycytes lining the floor of the third ventricle and the central canal of the spinal cord. Anti‐ZO‐1 labeled the majority of cells associated with the blood‐brain barrier and may prove a useful marker, possibly in conjunction with functional dye studies, in evaluating the anatomical and functional integrity of the blood‐brain barrier.