bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Why are ravens smart? Exploring the social intelligence hypothesis
Authors: Bugnyar Thomas 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRavens and other corvids are renowned for their ‘intelligence’. For long, this reputation has been based primarily on anecdotes but in the last decades experimental evidence for impressive cognitive skills has accumulated within and across species. While we begin to understand the building blocks of corvid cognition, the question remains why these birds have evolved such skills. Focusing on Northern Ravens Corvus corax, I here try to tackle this question by relating current hypotheses on brain evolution to recent empirical data on challenges faced in the birds’ daily life. Results show that foraging ravens meet several assumptions for applying social intelligence: (1) they meet repeatedly at foraging sites, albeit individuals have different site preferences and vary in grouping dynamics; (1) foraging groups are structured by dominance rank hierarchies and social bonds; (3) individual ravens memorize former group members and their relationship valence over years, deduce third-party relationships and use their social knowledge in daily life by supporting others in conflicts and intervening in others’ affiliations. Hence, ravens’ socio-cognitive skills may be strongly shaped by the ‘complex’ social environment experienced as non-breeders.
Compressive Strength Testing of Glass-Fibre-Reinforced Tooth Crown Tissues After Endodontic Treatment
Authors: Ostapiuk Monika , Tarczydło Janusz , Kamińska Katarzyna , Surowska Barbara , Tarczydło Bożena 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe objective of this study was to compare the effects of using short and continuous fibres for repairing compression-induced tooth crown damage. Human teeth were used for the study. They were upper medial incisors and maxillary first premolars lost due to periodontal causes. The teeth were divided into two groups with Hahnenkratt and short glass fibres. Teeth compressive strength tests were carried out. Then micro-CT imaging of the teeth and their fractures obtained after compression was performed. The teeth restored with Hahnenkratt’s glass fibre posts showed higher compressive strength than the teeth restored using the EverX Posterior material. The tooth’s most weakened and sensitive point after endodontic treatment was the cervical area of the tooth. All cracks were parallel to the root canal.
Perinatal depression screening in community pharmacy: Exploring pharmacists’ roles, training and resource needs using content analysis
Authors: Strowel Clara , Raynes-Greenow Camille , Pham Lily , Carter Stephen , Birkness Katharine , Moles Rebekah J. , O’Reilly Claire L. , Chen Timothy F. , Raduescu Corina , Murphy Andrea , Gardner David , El-Den Sarira 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Perinatal depression (PND) screening is often recommended in primary care settings, which includes the community pharmacy setting. However, there is limited research exploring pharmacists’ perspectives on their roles in screening for perinatal mental illness.

Aim
This study aimed to explore pharmacists’ views of pharmacists’ roles in PND screening, as well as training and resource needs for PND screening in community pharmacy settings.

Method
A questionnaire including three open-ended questions focusing on pharmacists’ perspectives of their role in PND screening, their training, and resource needs in this area, was disseminated to pharmacists across Australia via professional organisations and social media. Each open-ended question was separately analysed by inductive content analysis. Subcategories were deductively mapped to the Theoretical Framework of Acceptability.

Results
Responses (N = 149) from the first open-ended question about pharmacists’ roles in PND screening resulted in three categories (PND screening in primary care settings will support the community, community pharmacy environment, and system and policy changes) and ten subcategories. Responses to question two on training needs (n = 148) were categorised as: training content, training length, and training delivery while responses about resource needs (n = 147) fell into three categories: adapting community pharmacy operating structures, pharmacist-specific resources, and consumer-specific resources.

Conclusion
While some pharmacists were accepting of a role in PND screening due to pharmacists’ accessibility and positive relationships with consumers, others had concerns regarding whether PND screening was within pharmacists’ scope of practice. Further training and resources are needed to facilitate pharmacists’ roles in PND screening, referral and care.
Characterization of novel mouse models to study the role of necroptosis in aging and age-related diseases
Authors: Selvarani Ramasamy , Van Michelle Nguyen Hoang , Thadathil Nidheesh , Wolf Roman F. , Freeman Willard M. , Wiley Christopher D. , Deepa Sathyaseelan S. , Richardson Arlan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTo study the impact of necroptosis-induced chronic inflammation on age-related diseases and aging, two knockin mouse models (Ripk3-KI and Mlkl-KI) were generated that overexpress two genes involved in necroptosis (Ripk3 or Mlkl) when crossed to Cre transgenic mice. Crossing Ripk3-KI or Mlkl-KI mice to albumin-Cre transgenic mice produced hepatocyte specific hRipk3-KI or hMlkl-KI mice, which express the two transgenes only in the liver. Ripk3 and Mlkl proteins were overexpressed 10- and fourfold, respectively, in the livers of the hRipk3-KI or hMlkl-KI mice. Treating young (2-month) hRipk3-KI or hMlkl-KI mice with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), a chemical inducer of oxidative stress, resulted in increased necroptosis (Mlkl-oligomers) and inflammation in the liver compared to control mice receiving CCl4. Mlkl-oligomerization also was significantly increased in old (18-month) hRipk3-KI and hMlkl-KI mice compared to old control (Cre negative, Ripk3-KI and Mlkl-KI) mice. The increase in necroptosis was associated with an increase in inflammation, e.g., inflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL-6) and macrophage markers (F4/80, CD68). Importantly, steatosis (triglycerides) and fibrosis (e.g., picrosirius red staining, hydroxyproline levels, and transcripts for TGFβ, Col1α1, and Col3α1) that increase with age were significantly higher in the livers of the old hRipk3-KI or hMlkl-KI mice compared to old control mice. In addition, markers of cellular senescence were significantly increased in the livers of the old hRipk3-KI and hMlkl-KI mice. Thus, the first mouse models have been developed that allow researchers to study the impact of inducing necroptosis in specific cells/tissues on chronic inflammation in aging and age-related diseases.
An Adaptive Generalized Leaky Integrate-and-Fire Model for Hippocampal CA1 Pyramidal Neurons and Interneurons
Authors: Marasco Addolorata , Spera Emiliano , De Falco Vittorio , Iuorio Annalisa , Lupascu Carmen Alina , Solinas Sergio , Migliore Michele 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFull-scale morphologically and biophysically realistic model networks, aiming at modeling multiple brain areas, provide an invaluable tool to make significant scientific advances from in-silico experiments on cognitive functions to digital twin implementations. Due to the current technical limitations of supercomputer systems in terms of computational power and memory requirements, these networks must be implemented using (at least) simplified neurons. A class of models which achieve a reasonable compromise between accuracy and computational efficiency is given by generalized leaky integrate-and fire models complemented by suitable initial and update conditions. However, we found that these models cannot reproduce the complex and highly variable firing dynamics exhibited by neurons in several brain regions, such as the hippocampus. In this work, we propose an adaptive generalized leaky integrate-and-fire model for hippocampal CA1 neurons and interneurons, in which the nonlinear nature of the firing dynamics is successfully reproduced by linear ordinary differential equations equipped with nonlinear and more realistic initial and update conditions after each spike event, which strictly depends on the external stimulation current. A mathematical analysis of the equilibria stability as well as the monotonicity properties of the analytical solution for the membrane potential allowed (i) to determine general constraints on model parameters, reducing the computational cost of an optimization procedure based on spike times in response to a set of constant currents injections; (ii) to identify additional constraints to quantitatively reproduce and predict the experimental traces from 85 neurons and interneurons in response to any stimulation protocol using constant and piecewise constant current injections. Finally, this approach allows to easily implement a procedure to create infinite copies of neurons with mathematically controlled firing properties, statistically indistinguishable from experiments, to better reproduce the full range and variability of the firing scenarios observed in a real network.
Cyclophilins and gibberellin-regulated proteins in IgE-mediated allergic diseases
Authors: Potapova Ekaterina , Sénéchal Hélène , Scala Enrico , Matricardi Paolo Maria , Poncet Pascal 
Published: October 2023

SummaryThe prevalence of immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated allergic diseases is currently experiencing an epidemic trend characterized by an increase in both the number of affected individuals and the proportion of patients with multiple sensitizations. The majority of these multiple sensitizations are attributed to IgE reactions to genuine allergenic proteins from unrelated species. However, there is a growing trend of patients becoming sensitized to highly cross-reactive molecules, such as profilins, polcalcins, lipocalins, serum albumins, tropomyosins, and non-specific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTPs). In addition, allergen families that were previously considered of minimal importance are now gaining recognition for their role in the pathogenesis of IgE-mediated allergic diseases. Consequently, these allergen families are increasingly being considered in the diagnostic process. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive summary of the biochemical and allergological information about two of these “new” allergen families: cyclophilins (Cyp) and gibberellin-regulated proteins (GRP).
Impact of loading rate on the mechanical behavior of jointed rock
Authors: Wang Tao , Elsworth Derek , He Yunlong , Zhao Xianyu , Wang Suifeng , Xu Dapeng , Lei Ming 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe impact of loading rate is a vital issue in the study of the time-dependent behavior of rock masses. A sample containing a single inclined joint is represented by the particle flow code and used as an analog to examine the rate-dependent behavior of jointed rock. A series of numerical triaxial compression tests are completed at various loading rates on specimens containing this single joint inclined at 30°, 45°, and 60° with respect to the orientation of the confining stress of 5 MPa. Observations are recovered for the evolution of stress–strain, deformation and energy release together with resulting failure mode. Rate sensitivities of four parameters defining a smooth joint model (normal stiffness, shear stiffness, stiffness ratio and friction coefficient) are used to represent observed response. We find that competition between mechanical damping and inertial force results in the strain rate effect and that the peak strength of the rock specimens increases with increasing loading rate. The step-wise form of both the stress–strain and kinetic energy can be used as indicators of the onset of dynamic failure. These numerical experiments are consistent with observations from laboratory experiments on identical samples where rate effects in the jointed rock are accentuated over those apparent in intact rocks. Change in the loading rate has a significant effect on the failure mode for specific joint angles relative to the confining stress. The joint friction coefficient is the main rate dependent factor controlling behavior and is an important factor in defining the significance of loading rate effects.
„Unheimlich viele Perspektiven und auch Chancen, in alle möglichen Richtungen“: Eine empirische Analyse der praktischen Regulation von Weiterbildungsbeteiligung im Kontext des Lebensentwurfs
Authors: Elven Julia 
Published: October 2023

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag diskutiert das Konzept der Beteiligungsregulation als Fluchtpunkt einer relationalen Reflexion von Weiterbildungsbeteiligung. Im Zentrum des Konzepts stehen unterschiedliche Bedeutungsgefüge, in denen Weiterbildung jeweils auf eine bestimmte Weise verortet ist und die sich regulierend auf Bildungsentscheidungen auswirken. Im Rahmen des Beitrags werden nun Lebensentwürfe als solche Bedeutungsgefüge analysiert: Auf Basis einer sinngenetischen Typenbildung (dokumentarische Methode) konnten drei Lebensentwurfsformen herausgearbeitet werden, in die ein pragmatisches (‚Pfad‘), ein affektives, selbstentfaltungsorientiertes (‚Drift‘) bzw. ein eher ambivalentes (‚Fügung‘) Verhältnis zu Weiterbildung eingelassen ist. Zugleich kommt der gegenwärtig zentrale (politische) Begründungsrahmen für Weiterbildung, lebenslanges Lernen, als spezifischer Kontext in den Blick, der seinerseits an der Beteiligungsregulation mitwirkt, insofern er verschiedene und in unterschiedlicher Weise anschlussfähige (teils implizit bleibende) Lern-Appelle umfasst. Die Reflexion dieser Anschlussmöglichkeiten stärkt sowohl die gegenwartsdiagnostische als auch die ungleichheitsanalytische Dimension des Konzepts der Beteiligungsregulation.
Conelike radiant structures
Authors: Fox Daniel J. F. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAnalogues of the classical affine-projective correspondence are developed in the context of statistical manifolds compatible with a radiant vector field. These utilize a formulation of Einstein equations for special statistical structures that generalizes the usual Einstein equations for pseudo-Riemannian metrics and is of independent interest. A conelike radiant structure is a not necessarily flat affine connection equipped with a family of surfaces that behave like the intersections of the planes through the origin with a convex cone in a real vector space. A radiant structure is a torsion-free affine connection and a vector field whose covariant derivative is the identity endomorphism. A radiant structure is conelike if for every point and every two-dimensional subspace containing the radiant vector field there is a totally geodesic surface passing through the point and tangent to the subspace. Such structures exist on the total space of any principal bundle with one-dimensional fiber and on any Lie group with a quadratic structure on its Lie algebra. The affine connection of a conelike radiant structure can be normalized in a canonical way to have antisymmetric Ricci tensor. Applied to a conelike radiant structure on the total space of a principal bundle with one-dimensional fiber this yields a generalization of the classical Thomas connection of a projective structure. The compatibility of radiant and conelike structures with metrics is investigated and yields a construction of connections for which the symmetrized Ricci curvature is a constant multiple of a compatible metric that generalizes well-known constructions of Riemannian and Lorentzian Einstein–Weyl structures over Kähler–Einstein manifolds having nonzero scalar curvature. A formulation of Einstein equations for special statistical manifolds is given that generalizes the Einstein–Weyl equations and encompasses these more general examples. There are constructed left-invariant conelike radiant structures on a Lie group endowed with a left-invariant nondegenerate bilinear form, and the case of three-dimensional unimodular Lie groups is described in detail.
An Improved Parallel Particle Swarm Optimization
Authors: Charilogis Vasileios , Tsoulos Ioannis G. , Tzallas Alexandros 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn the area of global optimization, a variety of techniques have been developed to find the global minimum. These techniques, in most cases, require a significant amount of computational resources and time to complete and therefore there is a need to develop parallel techniques. In addition, the wide spread of parallel architectures in recent years greatly facilitates the implementation of such techniques. Among the most widely used global optimization techniques is the particle swarm optimization technique. In this work, a series of modifications are proposed in the direction of efficient parallelization for particle swarm optimization. These modifications include an innovative velocity calculation mechanism that has also been successfully used in the serial version of the method, mechanisms for propagating the best particles between parallel computing units, but also a process termination mechanism, which has been properly configured for efficient execution in parallel computing environments. The proposed technique was applied to a multitude of computational problems from the relevant literature and the results were more than promising, since it was found that increasing the computational threads can significantly reduce the required number of function calls to find the global minimum. The proposed technique is at rate of 50–70% of the required number of function calls compared to other optimization techniques. This reduction is visible even if one to two parallel processing units are used. In addition, with the increase in parallel processing units, a drastic reduction in the number of calls is observed and therefore a reduction in the required computing time, which can reach up to 70%.
Insulin resistance syndrome presenting with diabetic ketoacidosis — a rare presentation
Authors: Batra Nisha , Kaur Kirandeep , Kadian Kavita , Sridharan Kalyani , Batra Nisha 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe report an adolescent male who presented with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). He was diagnosed to have type 1 diabetes mellitus at the age of 12 years and had been initiated on insulin. On physical examination, he had a distinct senile-looking coarse facies with clinical stigmata of insulin resistance in the form of acanthosis nigricans and hypertrichosis. Additionally, he required more than 3 units/kg/day of insulin during recovery from DKA. The clinical and biochemical profile of the patient led to the suspicion of insulin resistance syndrome which was confirmed by the detection of homozygous missense variation in exon 2 of the insulin receptor gene (INSR) on clinical exome testing. The patient was put on insulin sensitizers along with insulin which led to a marked improvement in glycemic control. The case highlights the importance of a good clinical examination for a correct diagnosis and discusses the challenges in management.
Smooth Compactifications of the Abel-Jacobi Section
Authors: Molcho Sam 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
For

$\theta $

a small generic universal stability condition of degree

$0$

and A a vector of integers adding up to

$-k(2g-2+n)$

, the spaces

$\overline {\mathcal {M}}_{g,A}^\theta $

constructed in [AP21, HMP+22] are observed to lie inside the space

$\textbf {Div}$

of [MW20], and their pullback under

$\textbf {Rub} \to \textbf {Div}$

of loc. cit. to be smooth. This provides smooth and modular modifications

$\widetilde {\mathcal {M}}_{g,A}^\theta $

of

$\overline {\mathcal {M}}_{g,n}$

on which the logarithmic double ramification cycle can be calculated by several methods.
Taking One for the Team? Some Reflections on the Trial of Malawi's Hyena-man
Authors: Nkhata Mwiza Jo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFollowing a public outcry about Eric Aniva being hired to have sex with children, he was arrested, tried and convicted of attempting to engage in a harmful practice and also of engaging in a harmful practice, contrary to Malawi's Gender Equality Act. Aniva's trial attracted significant public attention and highlighted kulowa kufa, the cultural practice at the centre of his trial. This article revisits Aniva's trial. By focusing on the operation of the law in judicial processes as well as the dynamics of judicial decision-making, it demonstrates and concludes that Aniva's trial may have been compromised. Specifically, the article analyses the state's failure to identify and parade material witnesses notwithstanding the alleged multiplicity of Aniva's victims, the role of the media in the trial as well as the probable effects of the trial court's selective recourse to international human rights standards.
Purity is still a problem
Authors: DiMaggio Nicholas , Gray Kurt , Kachanoff Frank 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Our recent review demonstrates that “purity” is a messy construct with at least nine popular scientific understandings. Cultural beliefs about self-control help unify some of these understandings, but much messiness remains. The harm-centric theory of dyadic morality suggests that purity violations can be comprehensively understood as abstract harms, acts perceived by some people (and not others) to indirectly cause suffering.
Purity is linked to cooperation but not necessarily through self-control
Authors: Murray Samuel , Amaya Santiago , Jiménez-Leal William 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Fitouchi et al. claim that seemingly victimless pleasures and nonproductive activities are moralized because they alter self-control. Their account predicts that: (1) victimless excesses are negatively moralized because they diminish self-control, and (2) restrained behaviors are positively moralized because they enhance self-control. Several examples run contrary to these predictions and call into question the general relationship between self-control and cooperation.
“WEIRD” societies still value (even needless) self-control and self-sacrifice
Authors: Olivola Christopher Y. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Some aspects of moral disciplining theory (MDT) – the association between cooperation and self-control; the notion that people and societies value sacrifice and costly prosocial behaviors – are well supported. However, other aspects of MDT – the association between religion/religiosity and cooperation; the notion that sacrifice and costly prosocial behaviors are no longer valued in “western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic” (WEIRD) societies – are inconsistent with existing evidence.
The many faces of moralized self-control: Puritanical morality is not reducible to cooperation concerns
Authors: Weinstein Netanel Y. , Baldwin Dare A. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Fitouchi et al.'s moral disciplining approach highlights the significant role social evaluations of self-control appear to play in human moral judgment. At the same time, attributing the wide range of puritanical concerns to a singular focus on self-control seems unwarranted. A more pluralistic approach would enrich understanding of moral judgment in all its cultural and historical diversity.
Disciplining the disciplined: Making sense of the gender gap that lies at the core of puritanical morals
Authors: Royzman Edward B. , Borislow Samuel H. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Because suppression of sex has been and is at the core of puritanical morals, a proper account thereof would need to explain why suppression of sex has been largely directed towards the human female. Not only do the authors not account for this pattern, but their general model would seem to predict the reverse – that is, greater suppression/control of the male libido.
Puritanism as moral advertisement helps solve the puzzle of ineffective moralization
Authors: Blancke Stefaan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The moral disciplining theory proposes that people moralize excessive innocent behavior to discipline others to behave in ways that facilitate cooperation. However, such disciplining might not always be effective. To solve this puzzle of ineffective moralization we should think of puritanism in terms of moral advertisement aimed at reputation management rather than the manipulation of others.