bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Porina Fortunata, a New Species from the Canary Islands
Authors: McCarthy P. M. , Etayo J. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractPorina fortunata P. M. McCarthy & Etayo sp. nov. (Trichotheliaceae) is described from shaded basalt in Gomera, Canary Islands. It is characterized by a richly rimose to areolate thallus, small, prominent and outwardly blackish perithecia that are internally orange-brown and narrow and elongate, 3(-7)-septate ascospores.
Buellia Laurocanariensis, a New Species from the Canary Islands
Authors: Giralt Mireia , Etayo Javier , Boom Pieter van den 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA new corticolous species of Buellia is described from La Palma and La Gomera (Canary Islands). It is mainly characterized by its strongly ornamented, (l-2)-3-septate ascospores with apical and septa thickenings, which follow an ascospore-ontogeny of type B, and its chemistry. The new species is compared with the related Buellia lauricassiae (Fée) Mü. Arg. and B. lauricassiaeoides Aptroot. Illustrations of the ascospores of B. laurocanariensis and B. lauricassiaeoides are presented. A habit photograph of the new species is also provided.
Liquid-phase Hydrodechlorination of CCl4 with Co-production of Diethylcarbonate and Acetal
Authors: Bae Jong Wook , Lee Jae Sung , Lee Kyung Hee , Jang Eun Joo 
Published: October 2002

Abstract
Liquid-phase hydrodechlorination of CCl4 over supported Pd or Pt catalysts in the presence of C2H5OH gave not only the selective synthesis of CHCl3, but also conversion of C2H5OH to diethyl carbonate (DEC) and 1,1-diethoxyethane (acetal; DEE).
Magneto-optical Properties of Two-dimensional Cyanide-Bridged MIIINiII Bimetallic Assemblies (M=Fe, Co)
Authors: Ohba Masaaki , Iwamoto Takashi , Okawa Hisashi 
Published: October 2002

Abstract
Two-dimensional cyanide-bridged MIIINiII bimetallic assembies, [Ni(1,1-dmen)2]2[M(CN)6]tfs·3.5H2O (M=Fe (1), Co (2); 1,1-dmen = 1,1-dimethylethylenediamine, tfs− = trifluoromethanesulfonate ion), have been prepared. Each compound forms a 2-D grid structure extended by the M-CN-Ni linkages. Compound 1 shows a ferromagnetic ordering below Tc of 8.9 K based on a ferromagnetic interaction between low-spin FeIII and high-spin NiII. MCD spectra for 1 show a strong Faraday ellipticity at ∼470 nm associated with the LMCT band of the Fe–CN bond. Its intensity increases with lowering temperature due to ferromagnetic ordering over the lattice. Compound 2 is paramagnetic and shows no remarkable Faraday effect.
Ticlopidine‐induced aplastic anemia: Two new case reports, review, and meta‐analysis of 55 additional cases
Authors: Symeonidis A. , Kouraklis‐Symeonidis A. , Seimeni U. , Galani A. , Giannakoulas N. , Fragopanagou E. , Tiniakou M. , Matsouka P. , Zoumbos N. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractTiclopidine‐induced aplastic anemia (TIAA) is considered very uncommon. We present two new cases, and we review 55 additional cases from the literature. The first case concerns a 70‐year‐old man who developed severe aplastic anemia 7 weeks after treatment with 500 mg of ticlopidine daily. The patient sustained a severe septic episode, was treated with antibiotics and GM‐CSF, and recovered the 14th day after ticlopidine withdrawal. The second was an 82‐year‐old man receiving ticlopidine for 2 years when, during a febrile episode, he was found neutropenic with marrow aplasia. Ticlopidine withdrawal and treatment with antibiotics, transfusions, and G‐CSF helped him to recover. When the data of the 57 patients are evaluated, a reversible direct cytotoxic effect of ticlopidine on the pluripotent/bipotent hematopoietic progenitor stem cell is proposed. It is estimated that the real incidence if TIAA is higher, and many cases, initially presented as agranulocytosis ± thrombocytopenia, might be true aplastic anemias, not proven by marrow aspiration or trephine biopsy. There is no effective monitoring to prevent this side effect. Recombinant growth factors appear not to help in shortening the neutropenic period. Am. J. Hematol. 71:24–32, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Determination of a tissue and sediment threshold for tributyltin to protect prey species of juvenile salmonids listed under the US Endangered Species Act
Authors: Meador James P. , Collier Tracy K. , Stein John E. 
Published: October 2002

Abstract
The purpose of this report is to determine the concentrations of tributyltin in sediments that would be protective against adverse effects on prey species of salmonids listed under the US Endangered Species Act.
Two approaches for determining adverse sediment concentrations due to tributyltin (TBT) contamination are presented here. The first is the equilibrium partitioning (EqP) approach, which relies on a sediment‐water partition coefficient and toxicological data for water exposures. The EqP approach utilizes the large water quality database that has been generated over the last two decades for TBT and provides strong evidence for adverse effects at low exposure concentrations.
The second approach involves determination of a TBT tissue residue that is considered harmful for most species, which is then used to predict the sediment concentration that would likely produce this adverse tissue concentration.
Both approaches are presented here because they generally support each other but based on the information presented below, and the inherent difficulty in measuring porewater concentrations, the tissue residue approach is the recommended method for determining adverse sediment concentrations.
Using this analysis, the protective sediment concentration for TBT proposed here is 6000 ng g−1organic carbon. Direct effects are not expected on salmonids at this sediment concentration because of their relatively short residence time in the estuary, general lack of interaction with sediment, and relatively high metabolic capacity. This concentration may ensure adequate abundance of salmonid prey species; however, it may not be low enough for the protection of sensitive benthic species.
Published in 2002 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of a time varying strong magnetic field on release of cytosolic free Ca2+ from intracellular stores in cultured bovine adrenal chromaffin cells
Authors: Ikehara Toshitaka , Park Ki Ho , Yamaguchi Hisao , Hosokawa Keiko , Houchi Hitoshi , Azuma Mami , Minakuchi Kazuo , Kashimoto Hideki , Kitamura Mitsuo , Kinouchi Yohsuke , Yoshizaki Kazuo , Miyamoto Hiroshi 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis study was made to explain the mechanisms for the effects of exposure to a time varying 1.51 T magnetic field on the intracellular Ca2+ signaling pathway. The exposure inhibited an increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in bovine chromaffin cells induced by addition of bradykinin (BK) to a Ca2+ free medium. The exposure did not change BK induced production of inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate (IP3). [Ca2+]i was markedly increased in IP3 loaded cells, and this increase was inhibited by the magnetic field exposure. A similar increase in [Ca2+]i by other drugs, which stimulated Ca2+ release from intracellular Ca2+ stores, was again inhibited by the same exposure. However, transmembrane Ca2+ fluxes caused in the presence of thapsigargin were not inhibited by the magnetic field exposure in a Ca2+ containing medium. Inhibition of the BK induced increase in [Ca2+]i by the exposure for 30 min was mostly recovered 1 h after exposure ended. Our results reveal that the magnetic field exposure inhibits Ca2+ release from intracellular Ca2+ stores, but that BK bindings to BK receptors of the cell membrane and intracellular inositol IP3 production are not influenced. Bioelectromagnetics 23:505–515, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Recombinant aprotinin produced in transgenic corn seed: Extraction and purification studies
Authors: Azzoni Adriano R. , Kusnadi Ann R. , Miranda Everson A. , Nikolov Zivko L. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractExpression in transgenic plants is potentially one of the most economical systems for large‐scale production of valuable peptide and protein products. However, the downstream processing of recombinant proteins produced in plants has not been extensively studied. In this work, we studied the extraction and purification of recombinant aprotinin, a protease inhibitor used as a therapeutic compound, produced in transgenic corn seed. Conditions for extraction from transgenic corn meal that maximize aprotinin concentration and its fraction of the total soluble protein in the extract were found: pH 3.0 and 200 mM NaCl. Aprotinin, together with a native corn trypsin inhibitor (CTI), was captured using a tryspin–agarose column. These two inhibitors were separated using an agarose‐IDA‐Cu2+ column that proved to efficiently absorb the CTI while the recombinant aprotinin was collected in the flowthrough with purity of at least 79%. The high purity of the recombinant aprotinin was verified by SDS‐PAGE and N‐terminal sequencing. The overall recombinant aprotinin recovery yield and purification factor were 49% and 280, respectively. Because CTI was also purified, the recovery and purification process studied has the advantage of possible CTI co‐production. Finally, the work presented here introduces additional information on the recovery and purification of recombinant proteins produced in plants and corroborates with past research on the potential use of plants as biorreactors. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 80: 268–276, 2002.
Chronic neuroblastoma
Authors: Kushner Brian H. , Kramer Kim , Cheung Nai‐Kong V. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDAn indolent course is associated with neuroblastoma (NB) in adolescents and adults. In the current study, the authors analyzed this phenomenon in a large series of children with metastatic NB.METHODSThe authors studied 38 patients who were diagnosed with NB in the first decade of life and had metastatic disease 5 years or more from diagnosis.RESULTSThe median age at diagnosis was 3 years 10 months. MYCN was amplified in 2 of 28 patients tested. Of 30 patients with classic Stage 4 NB, 9 had a late first recurrence of disease (4.3–13 years from diagnosis). Of eight patients who had atypical cases at diagnosis (one isolated mandibular lesion, two Stage 4‐N, five non‐Stage 4), six had a late first distant recurrence of disease (4 years 11 months–38 years 8 months). Nineteen patients were off therapy continuously for 3 years or more before disease recurred a first or second time. Myeloablative therapy was used to consolidate a first or second response in 27 patients. High‐dose conventional therapy helped to achieve a second remission of disease in 9 of 20 patients assessable for response of first recurrence but achieved no major responses of second or third relapse in 10 of 11 patients. The combination of anti‐GD2 immunotherapy and/or cis‐retinoic acid, targeted radiotherapy, and multiple cycles of chemotherapy with modest toxicity helped prolong survival. Twelve patients survive at 5 years 6 months+ to 19 years 4 months+ from diagnosis (median, 6 years 10 months+), including four with complete remission of disease; 10 received anti‐GD2 immunotherapy after recurrence. The other 26 patients died of disease (n = 22) or toxicity (n = 4) at 5 years–41 years 5 months from diagnosis (median, 6 years 5 months).CONCLUSIONSThe concept of indolent or smoldering NB should not be limited to adolescents/adults. The expanding repertoire of anti‐NB treatments, including biologic therapies and chemotherapy regimens of modest toxicity, can convert childhood NB into a chronic disease with prolonged survival after recurrence. Cancer 2002;95:1366–75. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10800
Bilateral testicular germ cell tumors
Authors: Che Mingxin , Tamboli Pheroze , Ro Jae Y. , Park Dong Soo , Ro Jung Sil , Amato Robert J. , Ayala Alberto G. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe incidence of testicular carcinoma in the United States has increased significantly over the last two decades. Germ cell tumors form the majority of malignant testicular tumors. With advances in diagnosis and therapeutic approaches, germ cell tumors are now highly sensitive to treatment, providing long‐term survival. It has been speculated that the incidence of bilateral germ cell tumors may increase due to the improved survival of patients with unilateral germ cell tumors. In this report, the authors present a study of bilateral germ cell tumors of the testis in men who were treated at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center over a 20‐year period with emphasis on their incidence, histologic features, and clinical features.METHODSBetween 1978 and 1999, 2431 patients with testicular germ cell tumors were treated at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center. Among these, 24 patients with bilateral germ cell tumors were identified. Clinical records and all available pathology slides of the tumors were reviewed.RESULTSThe overall incidence of bilateral germ cell tumors in the patients with testicular germ cell tumors was 1% (24 of 2431 patients). The incidence was 1.8% (14 of 776 patients) in patients with seminoma and 0.6% (10 of 1655 patients) in patients with nonseminomatous germ cell tumors. Patients with seminoma who were age ≤ 30 years at the time of initial diagnosis had a higher incidence of bilateral tumors compared with older men. Twenty of 24 patients with bilateral germ cell tumors had metachronous tumors, and 4 patients had synchronous tumors. Among the patients with metachronous tumors, 70% of second tumors occurred within 5 years; the longest interval between the first and second tumors was 15 years. The outcome of patients with bilateral germ cell tumors was excellent; only 1 of 24 patients died of metastatic disease.CONCLUSIONSThe overall incidence of bilateral testicular germ cell tumors was 1% in patients who were treated at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center over the past two decades. The incidence of bilateral germ cell tumors was related to the histologic type of the initial tumor and to the patient's age at initial presentation in patients with seminoma. Thus, patients in the second or third decade of life who presented with seminomas as their initial tumor were more likely to develop a second germ cell tumor compared with patients in the fourth or fifth decade of life. These findings have potentially important implications for clinical management by identifying a population of patients with germ cell tumors who are at risk of developing a second tumor and also for studying risk factors of bilateral germ cell tumors of the testis. Cancer 2002;95:1228–33. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10804
Second‐line, low‐dose, weekly paclitaxel in patients with stage IIIB/IV nonsmall cell lung carcinoma who fail first‐line chemotherapy with carboplatin plus paclitaxel
Authors: Socinski Mark A. , Schell Michael J. , Bakri Kamal , Peterman Amy , Lee Ji‐Hyun , Unger Paul , Yates Steven , Hudgens Stacie , Kies Merrill S. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDSecond‐line chemotherapy with docetaxel improves survival and quality of life (QoL) in patients with nonsmall cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) who fail first‐line platinum‐based regimens. The authors sought to determine the activity of second‐line, low‐dose, weekly paclitaxel in patients with NSCLC who failed first‐line chemotherapy with carboplatin plus paclitaxel.METHODSPatients with Stage IIIB/IV NSCLC who had received first‐line carboplatin/paclitaxel were treated with low‐dose (80 mg/m2), weekly paclitaxel at the time of disease progression. Response rates, QoL, and survival were outcome end points.RESULTSSixty‐two patients were included in this analysis. The median age was 62 years (range, 32–76 years), 55% of patients were male, 89% of patients had Stage IV NSCLC, and the Karnofsky performance status was 90–100% in 31% of patients, 70–80% in 55% of patients, and 60% in 14% of patients. Twenty‐six percent of patients experienced disease progression as their best response to first‐line carboplatin plus paclitaxel, whereas 52% of patients had stable disease, and 23% of patients had achieved a response. The median time from first‐line carboplatin plus paclitaxel to second‐line, low‐dose, weekly paclitaxel was 9.5 weeks (range, 1–78 weeks). The toxicity profile was extremely favorable, with no Grade 4 toxicity and < 10% Grade 3 hematologic or nonhematologic toxicity in all patients with the exception of neuropathy. Ten percent of patients experienced both Grade 2 and Grade 3 neuropathy. The overall objective response rate was 8%. The median survival was 5.2 months (95% confidence interval [95%CI], 3.6–6.2 months), and the 1‐year and 2‐year survival rates were 20% (95%CI, 10–30%) and 9% (95%CI, 1–16%), respectively.CONCLUSIONSSecond‐line, low‐dose, weekly paclitaxel had activity in selected patients with Stage IIIB/IV NSCLC who failed first‐line chemotherapy with carboplatin plus paclitaxel. The toxicity profile of this approach is extremely favorable, and outcome expectations are similar to the outcome expectations with other single agents in this setting. Cancer 2002;95:1265–73. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10835
Ebony protein in the Drosophila nervous system: Optic neuropile expression in glial cells
Authors: Richardt Arnd , Rybak Jürgen , Störtkuhl Klemens F. , Meinertzhagen Ian A. , Hovemann Bernhard T. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe Drosophila ebony mutation (Bridges and Morgan, [1923] Publs Carnegie Inst Wash 327:50) reveals a pleiotropic phenotype with cuticular and behavioral defects. To understand Ebony function in the nervous system, particularly in transmission of the visual signal, it is essential to know the cell type and temporal characteristics of its expression throughout development. Therefore, we raised an antiserum against an Ebony peptide to detect the protein in whole‐mount and slice preparations of Drosophila. Attention was focused on ebony expression in the adult optic neuropiles of the fly. Colocalization of Ebony with neuronal or glial cell markers in frozen sections showed non‐neuronal expression of ebony in the lamina and medulla neuropiles. Furthermore, colocalization with glial cell markers demonstrated glial expression of ebony in epithelial glia of the lamina and neuropile glia of the distal medulla. This finding was confirmed for the lamina epithelial glia by electron microscopic examination of immunolabeling by using the diaminobenzidine method. These glia have in common that they match the two sites of histamine release from the compound eye's photoreceptors. Possible ways in which the biochemical activity of Ebony might function with respect to histamine release are considered. J. Comp. Neurol. 452:93–102, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dual analysis by a meshless method
Authors: Duflot Marc , Nguyen‐Dang Hung 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA meshless method to solve elastostatic problems based on an equilibrium model is presented. This means that the equilibrium and constitutive equations are satisfied a priori and that the approximation only concerns the compatibility equations. The application of this method together with the classical displacement meshless method leads to upper and lower bounds on the energy. The difference between these bounds gives a global error estimation on the solution. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Program evaluation in a challenging authorizing environment: Intergovernmental and interorganizational factors
Authors: Fredericks Kimberly A. , Carman Joanne G. , Birkland Thomas A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn today's environment, social services are provided by complex institutional and political networks comprising multiple program sponsors, implementers, and stakeholders. This environment exacerbates many problems that can occur, even in the simplest of evaluations. The authors outline the major intergovernmental and interorganizational challenges associated with doing program evaluation in today's environment and offer recommendations designed to improve evaluation efforts.
Building local program evaluation capacity toward a comprehensive evaluation
Authors: Tang Hao , Cowling David W. , Koumjian Kristi , Roesler April , Lloyd Jon , Rogers Todd 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis chapter presents a state agency's approach to developing and improving the self‐assessment and accountability of local progams overseen and funded by a large statewide program. Specifically, a self‐assessment approach to evaluating local tobacco control programs and projects in California is introduced as an example of “empowerment evaluation” in action.
Program evaluation in state legislatures: Professional services delivered in a complex, competitive environment
Authors: Berry Frances S. , Turcotte John W. , Latham Sarah C. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe products and operations of program evaluation units in state legislatures have changed over the past twenty‐five years. Specific changes in legislative staff's authorizing environment have had an impact on their work, including increased political competition and partisanship, term limits, and legislative access to a larger more varied range of information. This chapter examines the current status of state legislative program evaluation.
Using standardized outcome measures in the federal government
Authors: Schay Brigitte W. , Beach Mary Ellen , Caldwell Jacqueline A. , LaPolice Christelle 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis article demonstrates the strategic role HR can play in the government's efforts to measure its
effectiveness. As federal agencies are being held increasingly accountable for their performance, the need for
standardized outcome measures to assess results has become critical. The authors describe a
balanced‐measures approach for the federal government and provide examples of generic, standardized
measures for each perspective of the Balanced Scorecard, including key measures for the HR function. The
authors also detail the development of one such measure, a generic customer satisfaction survey. The survey was
pilot‐tested with three HR organizations in the federal government and is being used by agencies to
measure satisfaction with internal services including HR. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Best practices in public‐sector human resources: Wisconsin State Government
Authors: Lavigna Robert J. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThere is widespread agreement that government human resource systems and processes must become more
responsive, flexible, and efficient. However, reform remains more a goal than a reality. The Wisconsin
Department of Employment Relations, the state government central personnel/HRM office, has aggressively
improved the state human resource/civil service system. Improvements include modernizing state civil service laws, delegating decision‐making to operating agencies, developing creative ways to assess job applicants, making greater use of technology, expanding recruiting activities, creating more flexibility in compensation, expanding affirmative action efforts, and forging partnerships with public employee labor unions. These reforms have resulted in faster hiring, well‐qualified job candidates, a more diverse work force, and better ways to reward and retain talent. The department has implemented these improvements while still preserving fundamental principles of merit, fairness, and openness. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.