bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinically important effect sizes for clinical trials using infarct growth reduction as the primary outcome: a systematic review
Authors: Liao Nien-chen , Bahr Hosseini Mersedeh , Saver Jeffrey L 
Published: October 2023

Background
Infarct growth on multimodal imaging is a common lead outcome in phase 2 proof-of-concept and dose-optimization neuroprotective agent stroke trials. However, the effect size in infarct growth reduction that correlates with clinically meaningful differences in clinical global disability outcomes has not been well delineated.

Methods
A systematic literature search identified all endovascular thrombectomy randomized trials reporting magnitude of treatment effect on both infarct growth reduction and increase in functional independence (modified Rankin Scale (mRS) 0–2). Data aggregation determined the size of infarct growth reductions salient to four types of clinically meaningful effect sizes of increase in functional independence: (1) the minimal clinically important difference (MCID)–outcome specific; (2) the MCID–practice changing; (3) the realistic target difference; and (4) the reasonable comparability effect size.

Results
A systematic search identified four trials enrolling 612 imaged participants. Across the trials, the amount of functional independence (mRS 0–2) increase associated with each 1 mL reduction in infarct growth was mean 2.3±0.6%. An infarct growth reduction of 0.57 mL correlated with the mRS 0–2 increase MCID of 1.3%. Infarct growth reductions of 2.27 mL, 4.35 mL, and 6.53 mL correlated with realistic effect and reasonable comparability effects sizes of mRS 0–2 increases of 5%, 10%, and 15%, respectively.

Conclusion
In formal meta-analysis of randomized treatment trials, every 1 mL reduction in infarct growth was associated with a 2.3% increase in functional independence (mRS 0–2) at 3 months. This conversion factor can inform selection of infarct growth effect size targets for phase 2 trials of neuroprotective agents.
Prevalence and factors associated with the occurrence of pathological fractures and their impact on the overall survival of patients with bone metastases under palliative care
Authors: Miranda Dutra de Resende Juliana , de Olivera Livia Costa , Aguiar Suzana Sales de , Peres Silva Francine , Muniz Andrezza Helena Regadas , Bergmann Anke 
Published: October 2023

ObjectivesTo assess the prevalence and factors associated with the occurrence of pathological fractures and their impact on the overall survival of patients with bone metastases under palliative care.MethodsAn observational retrospective cohort assessment concerning both male and female patients with cancer presenting with bone metastases referred to a palliative care unit. Sociodemographic and clinical data were obtained before and after care unit referral. Patients were followed up until death or the last follow-up (4 years after referral). Logistic regression models and survival curves employing a log-rank test were applied.ResultsA total of 348 patients were included in the study. Most were <65 years (65%) and female (62%), and the most frequent primary tumour site was the breast (40%). The prevalence of pathological fractures was 28%, more frequent in the axial skeleton (49%), with no association with overall patient survival (p=0.348). Patients with breast cancer exhibited a 2.96-fold higher chance (95% CI: 1.80 to 4.86) of developing a fracture compared with other tumours, and not receiving previous radiotherapy increased the chances of fracture occurrence by 5.60-fold (95% CI: 2.46 to 12.77).ConclusionA high prevalence of pathological fractures was observed. Presenting with breast cancer and not having undergone previous radiotherapy increase the chances of fracture occurrence, although this is not associated with overall survival in patients under palliative care.
Perineal care incontinence training for caregivers: randomised controlled trial
Authors: Uzun Lütfiye Nur , Hançer Tok Hümeyra 
Published: October 2023

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to implement training to increase the perineal care knowledge of relatives caring for incontinent palliative care patients and to examine the effectiveness of this training.MethodsThis study was designed as a pretest–post-test randomised controlled trial. The study included 84 relatives of patients with incontinence (experimental group, n=42; control group, n=42). The experimental group was given one-on-one face-to-face training on perineal care for patients with incontinence, while the control group was given training through a brochure. Data were collected using a personal information form and the Perineal Care Knowledge Test. The Wilcoxon signed-rank and Mann-Whitney U tests were used for statistical analysis.ResultsThe difference between the pretest and post-test scores of the experimental group was found to be statistically significant (p<0.05), while the difference between the pretest and post-test scores of the control group was not significant (p>0.05). The post-test scores of the experimental group were higher than those of the control group (p<0.05).ConclusionsIt was found that one-on-one face-to-face perineal care training was a more effective method for increasing the perineal care knowledge of patients’ relatives than brochures.
Low serum creatinine as a prognostic marker in advanced cancer
Authors: Amano Koji , Baracos Vickie , Okamura Satomi , Yamada Tomomi , Maeda Isseki , Otani Hiroyuki , Ishiki Hiroto , Miura Tomofumi , Hamano Jun , Hatano Yutaka , Morita Tatsuya , Mori Masanori 
Published: October 2023

ObjectivesTo evaluate whether low serum creatinine levels are associated with poor outcomes in patients with advanced cancer.MethodsThis is a secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study. Patients were divided into three groups according to their baseline serum creatinine levels. We performed time-to-event analyses using the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank tests, and by conducting univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses.Results809 males were divided: male-low group (n=192), male-normal group (n=403) and male-high group (n=214). 808 females were divided: female-low group (n=239), female-normal group (n=389) and female-high group (n=180). Significant differences were observed in survival rates between the high and normal groups in the males and females (both log-rank p<0.001). Significantly higher risks of mortality were observed in the Cox proportional hazard model for the high group than for the normal group in both sexes (adjusted HR 1.292, 95% CI 1.082 to 1.542; adjusted HR 1.316, 95% CI 1.094 to 1.583, respectively). High serum creatinine was associated with shorter survival than normal creatinine, while low serum creatinine was not.ConclusionsLow serum creatinine levels did not have prognostic abilities in this population.
On the Kalb–Ramond modified Lorentz violating hairy black holes and Thorne’s hoop conjecture
Authors: Nandi K. K. , Izmailov R. N. , Karimov R. Kh. , Potapov A. A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRecently, a class of static spherically symmetric power law corrected Lorentz violating (LV) Schwarzschild black holes in the Kalb–Ramond model have been derived and studied in the specific range of LV parameters ($$0<\lambda \le 2,\Upsilon \ge 0$$

0
<
λ
≤
2
,
Υ
≥
0

) that correspond to energy condition preserving ($$\rho >0$$

ρ
>
0

) source. On the other hand, there exist well known black holes that do not preserve the energy conditions. In this paper, we shall therefore relax energy conditions and numerically explore the horizon patterns of the enlarged class of LSMA black holes. Four generic types of LV corrected black holes emerge, which interestingly include the analogue of the braneworld black hole ($$\rho <0$$

ρ
<
0

) lending to $$\Upsilon $$
Υ
a new interpretation of “tidal charge” known as an imprint from the 5d bulk in the Randall–Sundrum scenario. We shall then show that Thorne’s hoop conjecture, $$\mathcal {H} \le 1$$

H
≤
1

, where $$\mathcal {H}$$
H
is the Hod function, consistently holds for three types and their generalizations. However, intriguingly, it turns out that, for the remaining type (viz., Schwarzschild–de Sitter and its generalizations), the hoop conjecture does not hold. It is also shown that braneworld tidal charge black holes increases the LV correction to planetary perihelion advance in contrast to the decrease due to ordinary black holes thereby providing a qualitative distinction between them.
Chaotic string dynamics in bosonic η-deformed AdS5×T1,1 background
Authors: Pal Jitendra 
Published: October 2023

In this paper, we investigate a new class of [Formula: see text]-deformed [Formula: see text] backgrounds produced by classical [Formula: see text]-matrices that satisfy the modified classical Yang–Baxter equation [JHEP 03, 094 (2022)]. We consider the string sigma model on [Formula: see text]-deformed [Formula: see text] background. We numerically examined the classical phase space dynamics of these (semi)classical strings over this deformed background and computed several chaos indicators. These involve figuring out the Poincaré section and computing the Lyapunov exponents. In the (semi)classical limit, we discover evidence that supports a non-integrable phase space dynamics.
Torsional deformation adjusts the electronic and optical properties of hydrogenated silicene
Authors: Gao Xuewen , Wang Ying , Su Qing , Liu Guili , Zhang Guoying 
Published: October 2023

The electronic and optical properties of hydrogenated silicene at different torsion angles are investigated using the density functional theory (DFT). It was found that when silicene was hydrogenated, the Si atoms were pulled out of plane due to covalent interactions between the Si and H atoms, increasing their flexural height to 0.731 Å. Torsional deformation decreases the structural stability of hydrogenated silicene and its adsorption energy decreases with increasing twist angle. Under the effect of torsion deformation, the bandgap of hydrogenated silicene increases and then decreases. The bandgap is 2.168[Formula: see text]eV at a torsion angle of 0∘, indicating a wide bandgap semiconductor. Mulliken’s charge population analysis shows that charge transfer occurs between Si–H atoms, with Si atoms losing electrons and becoming positively charged and H atoms gaining electrons and becoming negatively charged. From the analysis of optical properties, the torsional deformation induced the maximum absorption and reflection peaks of all the hydrogenated silicene systems to appear in the ultraviolet region. Compared with the system without torsional deformation, these peaks exhibit varying degrees of red and blue shifts. The above findings provide guidance for the application of silicene in nanooptoelectronic devices.
A
40
Ar/
39
Ar and U–Pb timescale for the Cretaceous Western Interior Basin, North America
Authors: Singer Brad S. , Jicha Brian R. , Sawyer David A. , Walaszczyk Ireneusz , Landman Neil , Sageman Bradley B. , McKinney Kevin C. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Improvements in analytical procedures in parallel with intercalibration of
40
Ar/
39
Ar and U–Pb methods and laboratories, spurred since 2003 by the EarthTime geochronology community initiative, have led to ±2
σ
uncertainties of the order of 50–100 ka, or better, for Cretaceous ash beds. Assembled here are 57
40
Ar/
39
Ar ages and 17
238
U–
206
Pb ages of volcanic ash beds in strata of the Western Interior Basin of North America determined during the last 15 years since these improvements have been made. These age determinations span from 108 Ma in the middle Albian to 66 Ma in the latest Maastrichtian. Five of the
40
Ar/
39
Ar ages from Campanian and Maastrichtian strata are newly reported here, whereas the remainder are from the literature. Building on the pioneering work of John Obradovich and Bill Cobban, where possible these age determinations are tied to ammonite and inoceramid biostratigraphy. For most ash beds, the temporal uncertainties, unlike earlier timescales for the Western Interior Basin, are much shorter than the duration of fossil biozones. Proposed ages for stage boundaries based on this review of the radioisotopic ages include: Maastrichtian–Danian, 66.02 ± 0.08 Ma; Campanian–Maastrichtian, 72.20 ± 0.20 Ma; Santonian–Campanian, 84.19 ± 0.38 Ma; Coniacian–Santonian, 86.49 ± 0.44 Ma; Turonian–Coniacian, 89.75 ± 0.38 Ma; Cenomanian–Turonian, 93.95 ± 0.05 Ma; Albian–Cenomanian, 100.00 ± 0.40 Ma.

Six bentonites that occur within the
Vascoceras diartianum, Neocardiocerus juddi, Prionocylus macombi, Scaphites preventricosus, Scaphites depressus
and
Desmoscaphites bassleri
ammonite zones, dated using both
40
Ar/
39
Ar and U–Pb methods, yield ages in agreement to within 150 ka and form the backbone of the Western Interior Basin timescale. In parallel, improvements in the taxonomy of ammonites, inoceramids and foraminifera, and recent field work, are better establishing the biostratigraphic framework for these age determinations. Each of these efforts contributes to the progressive refinement of the chronostratigraphic framework of the Western Interior Basin, and enhances its utility for global correlation.
Metabolomic Rewiring Promotes Endocrine Therapy Resistance in Breast Cancer
Authors: Ahn Songyeon , Park Jun Hyoung , Grimm Sandra L. , Piyarathna Danthasinghe Waduge Badrajee , Samanta Tagari , Putluri Vasanta , Mezquita Dereck , Fuqua Suzanne A.W. , Putluri Nagireddy , Coarfa Cristian , Kaipparettu Benny Abraham 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Approximately one-third of endocrine-treated women with estrogen receptor alpha–positive (ER+) breast cancers are at risk of recurrence due to intrinsic or acquired resistance. Thus, it is vital to understand the mechanisms underlying endocrine therapy resistance in ER+ breast cancer to improve patient treatment. Mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) has been shown to be a major metabolic pathway in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) that can activate Src signaling. Here, we found metabolic reprogramming that increases FAO in ER+ breast cancer as a mechanism of resistance to endocrine therapy. A metabolically relevant, integrated gene signature was derived from transcriptomic, metabolomic, and lipidomic analyses in TNBC cells following inhibition of the FAO rate-limiting enzyme carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 (CPT1), and this TNBC-derived signature was significantly associated with endocrine resistance in patients with ER+ breast cancer. Molecular, genetic, and metabolomic experiments identified activation of AMPK-FAO-oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) signaling in endocrine-resistant ER+ breast cancer. CPT1 knockdown or treatment with FAO inhibitors in vitro and in vivo significantly enhanced the response of ER+ breast cancer cells to endocrine therapy. Consistent with the previous findings in TNBC, endocrine therapy–induced FAO activated the Src pathway in ER+ breast cancer. Src inhibitors suppressed the growth of endocrine-resistant tumors, and the efficacy could be further enhanced by metabolic priming with CPT1 inhibition. Collectively, this study developed and applied a TNBC-derived signature to reveal that metabolic reprogramming to FAO activates the Src pathway to drive endocrine resistance in ER+ breast cancer.

Significance:
Increased fatty acid oxidation induced by endocrine therapy activates Src signaling to promote endocrine resistance in breast cancer, which can be overcome using clinically approved therapies targeting FAO and Src.
Overall Survival and Exploratory Biomarker Analyses of Abemaciclib plus Trastuzumab with or without Fulvestrant versus Trastuzumab plus Chemotherapy in HR+, HER2+ Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Tolaney Sara M. , Goel Shom , Nadal Jorge , Denys Hannelore , Borrego Manuel R. , Litchfield Lacey M. , Liu Jiangang , Appiah Adams K. , Chen Yanyun , André Fabrice 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Purpose:
The monarcHER trial has shown that abemaciclib, a cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 inhibitor, combined with fulvestrant and trastuzumab, improves progression-free survival (PFS) in hormone receptor–positive (HR+), HER2-positive (HER2+) advanced breast cancer (ABC) compared with standard-of-care (SOC) chemotherapy combined with trastuzumab. We report the final overall survival (OS) analysis, updated safety and efficacy data, and exploratory biomarker results from monarcHER.

Patients and Methods:
monarcHER (NCT02675231), a randomized, multicenter, open-label, phase II trial, enrolled 237 patients across Arm A (abemaciclib, trastuzumab, fulvestrant), Arm B (abemaciclib, trastuzumab), and Arm C (SOC chemotherapy, trastuzumab). Following the statistical plan, OS and PFS were estimated in all arms. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed on archival tissue.

Results:
Median OS was 31.1 months in Arm A, 29.2 months in Arm B, and 20.7 months in Arm C [A vs. C: HR, 0.71; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.48–1.05; nominal two-sided P value 0.086; B vs. C: HR 0.83 (95% CI, 0.57–1.23); nominal two-sided P value 0.365]. Updated PFS and safety findings were consistent with previous results. The most frequently reported treatment-emergent adverse events included diarrhea, fatigue, nausea, neutrophil count decrease, and anemia. In exploratory RNA-seq analyses, Luminal subtypes were associated with longer PFS [8.6 vs. 5.4 months (HR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.38–0.79)] and OS [31.7 vs. 19.7 months (HR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.46–1.00)] compared with non-Luminal.

Conclusions:
In this phase II trial, abemaciclib + trastuzumab ± fulvestrant numerically improved median OS in women with HR+, HER2+ ABC compared with SOC chemotherapy + trastuzumab.
Cyborgs vs. Vatniks: Hybridity, Weaponized Information, and Mediatized Reality in Recent Ukrainian War Films
Authors: Ladygina Yuliya V. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Focusing on Akhtem Seitablaiev’s blockbuster Kiborhy: Heroi ne vmyraiut (Cyborgs: Heroes Never Die, 2017) and Sergei Loznitsa’s auteur production Donbass (2018), this article argues that the 2014–2022 cycle of Ukrainian war films merits critical attention as an astute record of conspicuous social transformations in pre-full-scale-invasion Ukraine and for their original perspective on the hybrid nature of modern war and its mediatization. The article uses postcolonial and cyborg theories of hybridity, Baudrillard’s concept of simulacra, and the Marxist notion of “false consciousness” to illustrate how post-Soviet, postcolonial, and post-truth aspects of war-torn Ukraine conflate in Seitablaiev’s and Loznitsa’s works to highlight the recent shift in the nature of warfare itself. As the two films unequivocally demonstrate, the latter is defined not so much by high-tech armed operations and direct annihilation of the opponent as by contactless warfare, as well as by its consequences for those directly influenced by it.
The Role of Pan-Immune-Inflammation Value in Predicting Contrast-Induced Nephropathy Development in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Due to NSTEMI
Authors: Cetinkaya Zeki , Kelesoglu Saban 
Published: October 2023

Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN), which can develop after procedures involving contrast agents, is a significant cause of patient morbidity and mortality. This study aims to investigate the role of pre-procedural pan-immune-inflammation value (PIV) in predicting CIN development in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) due to non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). A total of 1006 NSTEMI patients were included in the study. CIN was defined as an increase of at least 0.5 mg/dl or 25% in serum baseline creatinine level 72 h after the procedure. Patients were divided into two groups: those with and without CIN. NSTEMI patients who developed CIN, glucose level ( P = .01), platelet count ( P < .01), monocyte count ( P < .001), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) ( P < .001), systemic immune inflammation index (SII) score ( P < .001), and PIV ( P < .001) were higher compared with those without CIN. In the multivariate analysis of all these parameters, the Odds ratios of PIV and SII were similar and slightly lower than NLR. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis (ROC) showed a PIV cut-off value of 448.43 with a sensitivity of 83.1% and a specificity of 72.8% in patients with CIN. Our study demonstrated an independent relationship between PIV at admission and CIN development in NSTEMI patients.
Prevalence of multiple long-term conditions (multimorbidity) in England: a whole population study of over 60 million people
Authors: Valabhji Jonathan , Barron Emma , Pratt Adrian , Hafezparast Nasrin , Dunbar-Rees Rupert , Turner Ellie Bragan , Roberts Kate , Mathews Jacqueline , Deegan Robbie , Cornelius Victoria , Pickles Jason , Wainman Gary , Bakhai Chirag , Johnston Desmond G , Gregg Edward W , Khunti Kamlesh 
Published: October 2023

Objectives To determine the prevalence of multiple long-term conditions (MLTC) at whole English population level, stratifying by age, sex, socioeconomic status and ethnicity. Design A whole population study. Setting Individuals registered with a general practice in England and alive on 31 March 2020. Participants 60,004,883 individuals. Main outcome measures MLTC prevalence, defined as two or more of 35 conditions derived from a number of national patient-level datasets. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the independent associations of age, sex, ethnicity and deprivation decile with odds of MLTC. Results The overall prevalence of MLTC was 14.8% (8,878,231), varying from 0.9% (125,159) in those aged 0–19 years to 68.2% (1,905,979) in those aged 80 years and over. In multivariable regression analyses, compared with the 50–59 reference group, the odds ratio was 0.04 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.04–0.04; p < 0.001) for those aged 0–19 years and 10.21 (10.18–10.24; p < 0.001) for those aged 80 years and over. Odds were higher for men compared with women, 1.02 (1.02–1.02; p < 0.001), for the most deprived decile compared with the least deprived, 2.26 (2.25–2.27; p < 0.001), and for Asian ethnicity compared with those of white ethnicity, 1.05 (1.04–1.05; p < 0.001). Odds were lower for black, mixed and other ethnicities (0.94 (0.94–0.95) p < 0.001, 0.87 (0.87–0.88) p < 0.001 and 0.57 (0.56–0.57) p < 0.001, respectively). MLTC for persons aged 0–19 years were dominated by asthma, autism and epilepsy, for persons aged 20–49 years by depression and asthma, for persons aged 50–59 years by hypertension and depression and for those aged 60 years and older, by cardiometabolic factors and osteoarthritis. There were large numbers of combinations of conditions in each age group ranging from 5936 in those aged 0–19 years to 205,534 in those aged 80 years and over. Conclusions While this study provides useful insight into the burden across the English population to assist health service delivery planning, the heterogeneity of MLTC presents challenges for delivery optimisation.