bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cultured pig rhabdomyosarcoma cells with a deletion in the Xq24-qter chromosome region: an immunochemical and cytogenetic characterization
Authors: van der Loop F. T. L. , Bosma A. A. , Vos J. H. , Mirck M. H. , Schaart G. , van den Ingh T. S. G. A. M. , Ramaekers F. C. S. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
A pig rhabdomyosarcoma cell line (PRUM59) was established, and the immuno(histo)chemical and cytogenetic characterization of these cells was determined. At various swine farms in the Netherlands, pigs were observed that had solitary or multiple skin nodules, which were diagnosed as rhabdomyosarcomas. Cells of a tumor derived from a 3.5-week-old female pig were cultured for immunochemical and cytogenetic analyses. The cell line had characteristic features of undifferentiated muscle cells, similar to those observed in tumor tissue sections; they contained titin, a high-molecular weight protein specific for striated muscle, as dot-like aggregates and as filaments, desmin filaments and cross-striations, smooth muscle actin stress fibers, and vimentin filaments. The cells stained positively for striated muscle actin and tropomyosin as well. The immunohistochemical staining results were supported by results of immunoblotting experiments. Karyotyping of the cells revealed a deletion of a major part of Xq24-qter, a part of the long arm of 1 of the 2 X chromosomes. The other X chromosome and all autosomes appeared to be normal.
Bupivacaine disposition and pharmacologic effects after intravenous and epidural administrations in dogs
Authors: Franquelo Carme , Toledo Alfonso , Manubens Jordi , Cristòfol Carles , Arboix Margarida 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Pharmacokinetic variables of bupivacaine (bpv) were determined after iv and epidural administrations in the same 6 dogs. Plasma bpv concentration curves after iv administration were adjusted to biexponential kinetics: a rapid distribution phase was followed by a slower elimination phase, with half-life of 34.5 ± 7.8 minutes. Mean plasma clearance was 20.2 ± 7.4 ml/min/kg of body weight, and mean volume of distribution at steady state was 0.7 ± 0.2 L/kg.
After epidural administration, absorption was rapid. Peak plasma concentration, 1.4 ± 0.4 μg/ml, was detected approximately 5 minutes after bpv administration. The half-life corresponding to epidural administration (179 ± 33.6 minutes) was 5 to 6 times longer than that observed after iv administration, possibly because of the slow release of bpv from the epidural space. Induction times were short (2.3 ± 2.2 minutes); anesthesia quickly began and lasted for more than 2 hours (158 ± 48.8 minutes). During that period, bpv plasma concentration ranged between 1.4 and 0.2 μg/mi. Changes in systolic blood pressure and heart rate were correlated to high plasma concentration of bpv. These modifications were observed for the first 30 minutes, reaching baseline values after 60 minutes.
New approach to percutaneous muscle biopsy in dogs
Authors: Reynolds Arleigh J. , Fuhrer Laurent , Valentine Beth A. , Kallfelz Francis A. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
The size and quality of muscle specimens obtained by use of a percutaneous biopsy technique were studied. All biopsies were performed under local anesthesia, using an 11-gauge biopsy needle. The mean ± sem size of specimens obtained from 128 biopsies of the semitendinosus muscles of 16 Alaskan Huskies was 23.8 ± 4.4 mg. All biopsy specimens were of sufficient quality to permit histochemical differentiation of the fiber types by use of myosin ATPase staining. An additional 8 biopsy specimens were obtained from 1 dog and analyzed for muscle glycogen content. These specimens contained 50.6 ± 7.2 mmol of glucose/kg of muscle wet weight. This modified biopsy procedure was free of notable complications, and repeatable use produced specimens of adequate size and quality for histologic and biochemical analysis. It is concluded that this procedure is a safe and reliable alternative to open biopsy for diagnosis and management of neuromuscular, metabolic, and nutritional myopathies.
Field trial to evaluate immunogenicity of a glycoprotein I (gE)-deleted pseudorabies virus vaccine after its administration in the presence of maternal antibodies
Authors: Weigel Ronald M. , Lehman James R. , Herr Leslie , Hahn Edwin C. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
A field trial was conducted on a commercial swine farm quarantined because of infection with pseudorabies virus. The purpose was to investigate, in growing pigs born to hyperimmunized sows, the immunogenicity of a vaccine with a glycoprotein I (gE) deletion. One hundred twenty pigs were assigned at random to 1 of 3 vaccination schedules at ages: 8 and 12 weeks; 8, 12, and 14 weeks; and 8,12, and 16 weeks. Immune response was measured at 8, 12, 14, 16, and 18 weeks, using the serum neutralization test, a screening elisa, and assays of IgG and IgA in serum and nasal secretions. Results of the serum neutralization test and the screening elisa indicated that, for pigs vaccinated only at 8 and 12 weeks, the percentage of pigs with pseudorabies virus serum antibodies decreased substantially by 18 weeks; for pigs given a booster at 14 or 16 weeks, the prevalence of serum antibodies at 18 weeks was higher, with 16-week booster vaccination eliciting the best response. At each age, nasal IgA and IgG values were highly correlated (r ≥ 0.70), as were serum IgA and IgG values; correlations of serum with nasal IgA and IgG values were somewhat lower (approx range, r = 0.40 to 0.70). Nevertheless, an increase in serum IgA or IgG values on vaccination was no guarantee of an increase in nasal IgA or IgG values. For serum and nasal mucosal antibodies, a poor immune response was associated with high quantities of maternally derived antibodies. Vaccination at 16 weeks was necessary to ensure eliciting of an immune response in almost all pigs.
Effects of short-term restraint stress on plasma concentrations of catecholamines, β-endorphin, and cortisol in gilts
Authors: Roozen Antoine W. M. , Tsuma Victor T. , Magnusson Ulf 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
The effects of short-term restraint stress, by means of snaring, on plasma concentrations of catecholamines, β-endorphin, and cortisol were studied in 6 gilts. A catheter was inserted into the jugular vein, and 2 blood samples were collected before onset of stress. Thereafter, a hog snare was applied, and blood samples were collected at 0.5,2, and 3.5 minutes after the start of snaring. Plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine concentrations increased (P < 0.001) within 0.5 minute after start of restraint and decreased thereafter. Plasma concentration of β-endorphin increased (P < 0.05) within 2 minutes after start of restraint, whereas that of cortisol increased (P < 0.05) 3.5 minutes after start of restraint. Taken together, short-term stress, such as snaring, may increase the plasma concentration of catecholamines, β-endorphin, and cortisol in pigs.
Isolation of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis from colostrum and milk of subclinically infected cows
Authors: Streeter Robert N. , Hoffsis Glen F. , Bech-Nielsen Steen , Shulaw William P. , Rings D. Michael 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Mycobacterial culture was performed on colostrum, milk, and feces from 126 clinically normal cows of a single herd with high prevalence of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis infection. Thirty-six (28.6%) cows were determined to be shedding the organism in the feces. Of the 36 fecal culture-positive cows, M paratuberculosis was isolated from the colostrum of 8 (22.2%) and from the milk of 3 (8.3%). Cows that were heavy fecal shedders were more likely to shed the organism in the colostrum than were light fecal shedders.
Effect of treatment with a monoclonal antibody against equine tumor necrosis factor (TNF) on clinical, hematologic, and circulating TNF responses of Miniature Horses given endotoxin
Authors: Cargile Jana L. , MacKay Robert J. , Dankert John R. , Skelley Leslie 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Tumor necrosis factor-α (tnf) is an important mediator of endotoxin-induced pathologic changes. To help define the role of tnf in equids with endotoxemia, the effects of pretreatment with a murine monoclonal antibody (mab) against equine tnf were evaluated in Miniature Horses given endotoxin. Five horses were given tnf mab at a dosage of 1.86 mg/kg of body weight, iv, and 5 were given control mab. Five minutes later, lipopolysaccharide (lps; Escherichia coli O55:B5), 0.25 µg/kg, was given to all horses by bolus iv infusion. Clinical signs of disease were monitored at intervals up to 24 hours after lps infusion, and blood was taken for determination of hematologic and clinical responses of horses given wbc count, pcv, plasma total protein concentration, plasma tnf activity, and serum mab concentration. Reduction of plasma tnf activity in anti-tnf-treated horses was highly significant (P < 0.001), compared with that in control horses. Horses given tnf mab had significantly improved clinical abnormality score (P < 0.010), lower heart rate (P < 0.001), and higher wbc count (P < 0.001), compared with horses given control mab. Rectal temperature, respiratory rate, pcv, and plasma total protein concentration were not significantly different between groups. Serum mab concentration peaked at 68 µg/ml 30 minutes after the end of antibody infusion in both groups. Neutralization of lps-induced tnf activity reduced the hematologic and clinical responses of horses given lps iv.
Blood ionized calcium concentrations in horses before and after the cross-country phase of three-day event competition
Authors: Geiser Dennis Richard , Andrews Frank Michael , Rohrbach Barton W. , White Susan Laraine , Maykuth Patricia L. , Green Eleanor Myers , Provenza Melanie Kay 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Blood ionized calcium (Ca2+) and pH; plasma lactate concentrations; and total protein, total calcium (CaT), albumin, and phosphorus concentrations in serum were determined in 40 healthy horses before (T1), at the finish line (T2), and 10 minutes after the finish (T3) of the cross-country phase of a 3-day-event competition. Mean (± sem) Ca2+ concentrations decreased from 6.22 ± 0.04 mg/dl at T1 to 5.04 ± 0.07 mg/dl at T2 (P ≤ 0.05). This decrease was accompanied by a nonsignificant increase in CaT between T1 and T2. The mean (± sem) percent ionization of calcium decreased significantly (P ≤ 0.05), from 50.9 ± 2.75% at T1 to 40.3 ± 3.58% at T2. Significant increases in mean albumin, total protein, phosphorus, and lactate concentrations and a significant decrease in mean pH were observed at T2 (P ≤ 0.05). At T3, mean Ca2+ and percent ionization had increased, but remained significantly less than resting values. Mean CaT was significantly decreased at T3, compared with values at T1 and T2. Correlation of mean Ca2+ concentration with all other measured variables at each time was evaluated; correlation coefficients between mean Ca2+ and all other variables were low (r2 ≤ 0.38), indicating low biological significance.
Ultrastructural changes in ovarian follicles of monkeys administered hexachlorobenzene
Authors: Bourque Andrea C. , Singh Amreek , Lakhanpal Neeraj , McMahon Avril , Foster Warren G. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To test hexachlorobenzene (hcb), an environmental pollutant, for its potential toxicity to the ovary.

Design
Nonhuman primates were orally administered the pollutant at doses between 0.01 and 10 mg of hcb/kg of body weight to test viability of ovarian follicles. At the end of dosing period, the monkeys received a compound that contained follicle-stimulating and luteinizing hormones to stimulate development of follicles that would be examined by electron microscopy.

Animals
Twenty, 6- to 13-year-old cynomolgus monkeys were randomly assigned to 5 groups.

Procedure
The hcb, in concentrations of 0.01, 0.1, 1.0, and 10.0 mg/kg, was orally administered with glucose in gelatin capsules for 13 weeks. Monkeys receiving capsules containing glucose only served as controls. After the 13th week, monkeys were given a compound that contained follicle-stimulating and luteinizing hormones daily during days 2 to 7 from the start of menses. On day 8 of the menstrual cycle, 5,000 IU of human chorionic gonadotropin was administered, and 35 to 38 hours later, 1 ovary from each monkey was obtained during laparotomy. Approximately 1-mm cubes of tissue from each ovary were harvested, fixed by immersion in buffered 2% glutaraldehyde, and processed for transmission electron microscopy.

Results
Ultrastructure of ovarian follicles was altered in the monkeys administered hcb. Lesions were observed in the follicles from monkeys given the lowest concentrations of hcb, and comprised condensed mitochondria in the developing ova and follicular cells that contained nuclei with deep indentations and abnormal accumulation of cytoplasmic lipid droplets. Alterations, such as herniation of the ooplasm, degeneration of the follicular cells, and appearance of abnormal spaces between follicular cells were observed in the follicles from monkeys of the 0.1 to 1.0 mg of hcb/kg dosage groups. The most relevant alterations were seen in the mitochondrion, an organelle that appeared to be most sensitive to the compound. Mitochondria were condensed, with abnormal intracristal spaces in the lower-dosage groups, and were markedly degenerated in the 10 mg/kg group. The effects of hcb were dose-related.

Conclusion
The hcb is a reproductive system toxicant, and its damaging effects may be a result of augmentation of lipid peroxidation, especially in the primary follicle, which abnormally affects cellular membranes and thus, impairs their permeability.
Evaluation of a single injection method, using iohexol, for estimating glomerular filtration rate in cats and dogs
Authors: Brown Scott A. , Finco Delmar R. , Boudinot F. Douglas , Wright Jennifer , Tarver Stacy L. , Cooper Tanya 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate the utility of a method for estimating glomerular filtration rate (GFR) after single IV administration of iohexol.

Design
The plasma clearance of iodine (PCI), taken as the quotient of the administered dose of iodine (300 to 600 mg of l/kg of body weight) divided by the area under the plasma iodine concentration versus time curve determined by 4 methods (PCI1–PCI4). The results for PCI were compared with simultaneously obtained values for the urinary clearance of exogenously administered creatinine (CCr), a widely accepted method for the measurement of GFR in cats and dogs.

Animals
Cats and dogs that were renal intact (n = 5 cats; n = 1 dog) or had renal mass reduced by partial nephrectomy (n = 5 cats; n = 7 dogs).

Results
Values for PCI were closely related (R2 values ranged from 0.947 to 0.992; P < 0.0001 in all cases) to CCr. Despite this close correlation between CCr and PCI, the 95% confidence interval for the difference between PCI3 and CCr included values that exceeded 1.4 ml/min/kg, which represents 50% of the mean value for CCr in renal-intact cats.

Conclusions
Determination of PCI provided a reliable estimate of GFR in cats and dogs of this study. However, differences between 1 of the methods (PCI3) and CCr are clinically important, emphasizing the need to use more than simple linear regression analysis and correlation coefficients when attempting to validate new measurement techniques.

Clinical Relevance
The determination of PCI provided a reliable estimate of GFR in cats and dogs of this study. (Am J Vet Res 1996;57:105-110)
Effect of craniectomy/durotomy alone and in combination with hyperventilation, diuretics, and corticosteroids on intracranial pressure in clinically normal dogs
Authors: Bagley Rodney S. , Harrington Michael L. , Pluhar G. Elizabeth , Keegan Robert D. , Greene Stephen A. , Moore Michael P. , Gavin Patrick R. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To determine the effect of craniectomy and durotomy on intracranial pressure (ICP) in clinically normal dogs.

Design
Two-part study (experiments A and B) involving craniectomy and durotomy, with and without treatments to lower ICP.

Animals
Six (experiment A) and 7 (experiment B) healthy dogs.

Procedure
In experiment A, craniectomy was performed in combination with durotomy, diuretic administration, methylprednisolone sodium succinate administration, and hyperventilation, and effect of these manipulations on ICP was determined. In experiment B, dogs had only craniectomy and durotomy without associated ICP-lowering treatments. During both experiments, ICP was monitored throughout the surgical procedure with a fiber optic ICP monitoring device.

Results
Intracranial pressure decreased after the combination of craniectomy, durotomy, and other ICP-lowering treatments in dogs of experiment A. Similar magnitude of decrease in ICP was observed in dogs of experiment B after craniectomy and durotomy.

Conclusions
Comparison of these experiments indicate that surgical removal of overlying skull and incision of the dura mater can significantly decrease ICP in clinically normal dogs.

Clinical Relevance
Craniectomy and durotomy may be useful as an adjunct treatment for increased ICP. (Am J Vet Res 1996;57:116-119)
Use of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and radioimmunoassay to determine serum and urine dexamethasone concentrations in Thoroughbreds after intravenous administration of the steroid
Authors: Chen C. L. , Zhu D. , Gillis K. D. , Meleka-Boules M. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To develop a simple and sensitive ELISA for detection of dexamethasone in horse serum and urine.

Sample Population
Blood and urine samples from 3 Thoroughbred mares.

Procedure
A dexamethasone oxime was prepared and conjugated to hemocyanin, bovine serum albumin and to horseradish peroxidase. One- and two-step double-antibody ELISA methods, as well as a radioimmunoassay method, were performed. The one-step ELISA was used to test urine from 3 Thoroughbred mares injected with 5 mg of dexamethasone, IV.

Results
The ELISA could detect dexamethasone in the range of 0.01 to 50 ng/ml, with intra- and interassay variations of 8.92 and 9.42%, respectively. Serum dexamethasone concentration reached a peak of 20 to 35 ng/ml 15 minutes after steroid administration and decreased to 1 ng/ml in 2.5 hours. Urine dexamethasone concentration 18 to 50 ng/ml 1 to 2 hours after drug administration and decreased to 1 ng/ml at 10 hours.

Conclusion
The developed assay is sensitive as well as simple for detecting dexamethasone in horse serum and urine, and is comparable to radioimmunoassay.

Clinical Relevance
This method can be useful for screening samples from racehorses, because it is sensitive and does not require sample preparation or sophisticated equipment.
Intratumoral administration of carboplatin for treatment of squamous cell carcinomas of the nasal plane in cats
Authors: Théon Alain P. , VanVechten Melinda K. , Madewell Bruce R. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To develop a slow-release carboplatin formulation for intratumoral administration to cats.

Design
Preliminary study to analyze pharmacokinetic effects of purified sesame oil in the carboplatin formulation for intratumoral administration, and a second study to evaluate the efficacy and toxicosis of intratumoral administration of carboplatin in purified sesame oil.

Animals
23 cats with squamous cell carcinomas of the nasal plane.

Procedure
Eight cats with advanced-stage tumors were submitted to intratumoral administration of 100 mg of carboplatin/m2 of body surface area, with or without purified sesame oil, using a two-period, cross-over design. Fifteen additional cats were treated by intratumoral administration of carboplatin in purified sesame oil. Four weekly intratumoral chemotherapy injections of carboplatin in purified sesame oil at a dosage of 1.5 mg/cm3 of tissue were given.

Results
Purified sesame oil in the formulation significantly reduced systemic exposure to carboplatin and drug leakage from the sites of injection. Cumulative effects of repeated intratumoral administrations on plasma concentrations of carboplatin were not observed. Systemic toxicosis was not observed, and local toxicosis was minimal. Healing of ulcerated lesions was not compromised. Rates of complete clinical tumor clearance and complete response were 67 and 73.3%, respectively. Product-limit estimates of mean progression-free survival times was 16 ± 3.3 months. The 1-year progression-free survival rate was 55.1 ± 13%. Local recurrence was observed in 7 cats; 4 had marginal tumor recurrence, and 3 had in-field and marginal tumor recurrence.

Conclusions
Intratumoral carboplatin chemotherapy is safe and effective for cats with squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal plane. Future studies to improve treatment efficacy could include evaluation of increased dose-intensity as well as combination of this modality with radiotherapy.

Clinical Relevance
Intratumoral administration of carboplatin in a water-sesame-oil emulsion was found to be a practical and effective new treatment for facial squamous cell carcinomas in cats.
Isolation and characterization of α1-protease inhibitor from canine plasma
Authors: Melgarejo Tonatiuh , Williams David A. , Griffith G. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To improve a previously described purification process by producing a higher yield and purity of α1-protease inhibitor (α1-PI) from canine plasma.

Animals
Plasma pool from 10 clinically normal male dogs.

Procedure
Canine α1-PI was purified by use of ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion-exchange chromatography, and 3 affinity chromatographic procedures: concanavalin A-Sepharose, thiol, and hemoglobin-Sepharose. Characterization was performed by gel electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing, and immunoblot analysis. The N-terminal amino acid sequence was obtained by use of the Edman degradation method and a gas amino acid sequencer.

Results
Canine α1-PI was purified with a yield of approximately 7% and a 54-fold increase in specific inhibitory activity. The inhibitor had a molecular weight of 59,000 and had 2 major patterns after isoelectric focusing: fast and intermediate in homozygous and/or heterozygous forms. Edman degradation revealed glutamic acid as the starting amino acid from the N-terminal sequence. Homologies of the N-terminal sequence of canine α1-PI with those of sheep, horse, and human α1-protease inhibitors were 54, 46, and 41 %, respectively.

Conclusions
Canine protease inhibitor is analogous to the α1-protease inhibitors of sheep, human beings, and mice in terms of molecular weight, amino acid composition, and inhibitory activity against trypsin. Although the method described had a yield of 7%, the final product retained inhibitory activity and was pure.

Clinical Relevance
The availability of pure canine α1-PI, as well as the specific antibodies, will facilitate studies on the fecal excretion and structural heterogeneity of this protein in dogs with naturally acquired protein-losing enteropathy.(Am J Vet Res 1996; 57:258-263)