bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
De‐Pinning Fermi Level and Accelerating Surface Kinetics with an ALD Finish Boost the Fill Factor of BiVO4 Photoanodes to 44%
Authors: Lei Renbo , Tang Yupu , Yan Shihan , Qiu Weitao , Guo Zheng , Tian Xu , Wang Qian , Zhang Kai , Ju Shanshan , Yang Shihe , Wang Xinwei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWith the rapid development of performance and long‐term stability, bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) has emerged as the preferred photoanode in photoelectrochemical tandem devices. Although state‐of‐the‐art BiVO4 photoanodes realize a saturated photocurrent density approaching the theoretical maximum, the fill factor (FF) is still inferior, pulling down the half‐cell applied bias photon‐to‐current efficiency (HC‐ABPE). Among the major fundamental limitations are the Fermi level pinning and sluggish surface kinetics at the low applied potentials. This work demonstrates that the plasma‐assisted atomic layer deposition technique is capable of addressing these issues by seamlessly installing an angstrom‐scale FeNi‐layer between BiVO4 and electrolyte. Not only this ultrathin FeNi layer serves as an efficient OER cocatalyst, more importantly, it also effectively passivates the surface states of BiVO4, de‐pins the surface Fermi level, and enlarges the built‐in voltage, allowing the photoanode to make optimal use of the photogenerated holes for achieving high FF up to 44% and HC‐ABPE to 2.2%. This study offers a new approach for enhancing the FF of photoanodes and provides guidelines for designing efficient unassisted solar fuel devices.
Ultrahigh Energy Storage Density and Efficiency of Lead‐Free Dielectrics with Sandwich Structure
Authors: Yan Fei , Qian Jin , Lin Jinfeng , Ge Guanglong , Shi Cheng , Zhai Jiwei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractLead‐free dielectric capacitors have attracted significant research interest for high‐power applications due to their environmental benefits and ability to meet the demanding performance requirements of electronic devices. However, the development of lead‐free ceramic dielectrics with outstanding energy storage performance remains a challenge. In this study, environmentally friendly ceramic dielectrics with sandwich structures are designed and fabricated to improve energy storage performance via the synergistic effect of different dielectrics. The chemical compositions of the outer and middle layers of the sandwich structure are 0.35BiFeO3‐0.65SrTiO3 and Bi0.39Na0.36Sr0.25TiO3, respectively. The experimental and theoretical simulation results demonstrate that the breakdown strength is over 700 kV cm−1 for prepare sandwich structure ceramics. As a result, an ultrahigh recoverable energy storage density of 9.05 J cm−3 and a near‐ideal energy storage efficiency of 97% are simultaneously achieved under 710 kV cm−1. Furthermore, the energy storage efficiency maintains high values (≥ 96%) within 1–100 Hz and the power density as high as 188 MW cm−3 under 400 kV cm−1. These results indicate that the designed lead‐free ceramics with a sandwich structure possess superior comprehensive energy storage performance, making them promising lead‐free candidates in the energy storage field.
Enhanced Charge Transfer via S‐Scheme Heterojunction Interface Engineering of Supramolecular SubPc–Br/UiO‐66 Arrays for Efficient Photocatalytic Oxidation
Authors: Zheng Zheng , Wang Bing , Li Zhuo , Hao Hong , Wei ChaoYang , Luo WenYu , Jiao LinYu , Zhang Sheng , Zhou Bo , Ma XiaoXun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractConstructing heterojunction of supramolecular arrays self‐assembled on metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with elaborate charge transfer mechanisms is a promising strategy for the photocatalytic oxidation of organic pollutants. Herein, H12SubPcB–Br (SubPc–Br) and UiO‐66 are used to obtain the step‐scheme (S‐scheme) heterojunction SubPc–Br/UiO‐66 for the first time, which is then applied in the photocatalytic oxidation of minocycline. Atomic‐level B–O–Zr charge‐transfer channels and van der Waals force connections synergistically accelerated the charge transfer at the interface of the SubPc–Br/UiO‐66 heterojunction, while the establishment of the B–O–Zr bonds also led to the directional transfer of charge from SubPc–Br to UiO‐66. The synergy is the key to improving the photocatalytic activity and stability of SubPc–Br/UiO‐66, which is also verified by various characterization methods and theoretical calculations. The minocycline degradation efficiency of supramolecular SubPc–Br/UiO‐66 arrays reach 90.9% within 30 min under visible light irradiation. The molecular dynamics simulations indicate that B–O–Zr bonds and van der Waals force contribute significantly to the stability of the SubPc–Br/UiO‐66 heterojunction. This work reveals an approach for the rational design of semiconducting MOF‐based heterojunctions with improved properties.
All‐in‐One Zinc‐Doped Prussian Blue Nanozyme for Efficient Capture, Separation, and Detection of Copper Ion (Cu2+) in Complicated Matrixes
Authors: Zhang Ying , Yuan Xue , Guo Xinyue , Xu Huan , Zhang Dongxin , Wu Zhengyan , Zhang Jia 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCopper is a vital micronutrient for lives and an important ingredient for bactericides and fungicides. Given its indispensable biological and agricultural roles, there is an urgent need to develop simple, affordable, and reliable methods for detecting copper in complicated matrixes, particularly in underdeveloped regions where costly standardized instruments and sample dilution procedures hinder progress. The findings that zinc‐doped Prussian blue nanoparticle (ZnPB NP) exhibits exceptional efficiency in capturing and isolating copper ions, and accelerates the generation of dissolved oxygen in a solution of H2O2 with remarkable sensitivity and selectivity, the signal of which displays a positive correlation with the copper level due to the copper‐enhanced catalase‐like activity of ZnPB NP, are presented. Consequently, the ZnPB NP serves as an all‐in‐one sensor for copper ion. The credibility of the method for copper assays in human urine and farmland soil is shown by comparing it to the standard instrumentation, yielding a coefficient of correlation (R2 = 0.9890), but the cost is dramatically reduced. This ZnPB nanozyme represents a first‐generation probe for copper ion in complicated matrixes, laying the groundwork for the future development of a practical copper sensor that can be applied in resource‐constrained environments.
Layer‐By‐Layer Assembly of Atomically Precise Alloy Nanoclusters Photosystems for Solar Water Oxidation
Authors: Su Peng , Tang Bo , Xiao Fang‐Xing 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAtomically precise metal nanoclusters (NCs) have garnered tremendous attention as light‐harvesting antennas in heterogeneous photocatalysis due to unique atomic stacking mode, quantum confinement effect, and enriched active sites. However, metal NCs as photosensitizers suffer from extremely short carrier lifetime, poor photostability, and difficulty in carrier migration, which hinder the wide‐spread utilization of metal NCs in solar energy conversion. To solve these problems, herein, Ag‐doped glutathione (GSH)‐capped gold NCs, i.e., alloy Au1−xAgx@GSH NCs and non‐conjugated insulating polymer of poly(diallyl‐dimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) are utilized as the building blocks for layer‐by‐layer assembly of spatially multilayered alloy NCs/metal oxide (MO) photosystems. The alternately deposited ultrathin PDDA layer in‐between Au1−xAgx@GSH NCs on the MO substrate functions as an efficient charge flow mediator to relay the directional photoelectron transfer over Au1−xAgx@GSH NCs, giving rise to the cascade charge transfer chain. This peculiar carrier migration mode endowed by exquisite interface configuration design significantly boosts the unidirectional electron migration from the Au1−xAgx@GSH NCs to the MO substrate, substantially improving the visible‐light‐driven photoelectrochemical water oxidation performances of MO/(PDDA‐Au1−xAgx)n multilayer heterostructured photoanodes. The work will inspire the rational construction of alloy metal NCs‐based photosystems for modulating spatially controllable charge transfer pathway for solar energy conversion.
Spiral‐Driven Vertical Conductivity in Nanocrystalline Graphene
Authors: Kim Yohan , Lee Chang‐Seok , Son Seungwoo , Shin Keun Wook , Byun Kyung‐Eun , Shin Hyeon‐Jin , Lee Zonghoon , Shin Hyung‐Joon 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe structure of graphene grown in chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is sensitive to the growth condition, particularly the substrate. The conventional growth of high‐quality graphene via the Cu‐catalyzed cracking of hydrocarbon species has been extensively studied; however, the direct growth on noncatalytic substrates, for practical applications of graphene such as current Si technologies, remains unexplored. In this study, nanocrystalline graphene (nc‐G) spirals are produced on noncatalytic substrates by inductively coupled plasma CVD. The enhanced out‐of‐plane electrical conductivity is achieved by a spiral‐driven continuous current pathway from bottom to top layer. Furthermore, some neighboring nc‐G spirals exhibit a homogeneous electrical conductance, which is not common for stacked graphene structure. Klein‐edge structure developed at the edge of nc‐Gs, which can easily form covalent bonding, is thought to be responsible for the uniform conductance of nc‐G aggregates. These results have important implications for practical applications of graphene with vertical conductivity realized through spiral structure.
Humidity‐Induced Degradation Processes of Halide Perovskites Unveiled by Correlative Analytical Electron Microscopy
Authors: Mejaouri Salim , Cacovich Stefania , Baranek Philippe , Bérenguier Baptiste , Zimmermann Iwan , Yaiche Armelle , Loisnard Dominique , Rousset Jean , Collin Stéphane 
Published: October 2023

AbstractImproving the stability of lead halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) for industrialization is currently a major challenge. It is shown that moisture induces changes in global PSC performance, altering the nature of the absorber through phase transition or segregation. Understanding how the material evolves in a wet environment is crucial for optimizing device performance and stability. Here, the chemical and structural evolution of state‐of‐the‐art hybrid perovskite thin‐film Cs0.05(MA0.15FA0.85)0.95Pb(I0.84 Br0.16)3 (CsMAFA) is investigated after aging under controlled humidity with analytical characterization techniques. The analysis is performed at different scales through Photoluminescence, X‐ray Diffraction Spectroscopy, Cathodoluminescence, Selected Area Electron Diffraction, and Energy Dispersive X‐ray Spectroscopy. From the analysis of the degradation products from the perovskite layer and by the correlation of their optical and chemical properties at a microscopic level, different phases such as lead–iodide (PbI2), inorganic mixed halide CsPb(I0.9Br0.1)3 and lead‐rich CsPb2(I0.74Br0.26)5 perovskite are evidenced. These phases demonstrate a high degree of crystallinity that induces unique geometrical shapes and drastically affects the optoelectronic properties of the thin film. By identifying the precise nature of these specific species, the multi‐scale approach provides insights into the degradation mechanisms of hybrid perovskite materials, which can be used to improve PSC stability.
High‐Density CuInS2 Quantum Dots for Efficient and Stable CO2 Electroreduction
Authors: Chen Fanrong , Lu Xiaoying , Ding Liang , Lyu Zhen‐Hua , Zhang Xiaoling , Fu Jiaju , Hu Jin‐Song 
Published: October 2023

AbstractElectrochemically converting CO2 back into fuels and chemicals is promising in alleviating the greenhouse effect worldwide. Various high‐efficiency catalysts have been achieved, yet the unsatisfied structural stability under CO2 electrolysis conditions restricts their practical application. Herein, a sub‐5 nm sized CuInS2 quantum dots (CIS‐QDs) based electrocatalyst for converting CO2 into CO are developed. Taking advantage of the stable M─Ch (metal‐chalcogenide) covalent bonds, and unique p‐block metal properties, the as‐prepared catalyst exhibits excellent structural stability under large overpotentials and can achieve a high CO Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 86% (total CO2 reduction FE of 89%) at −0.65 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode with long‐term durability of 40 h and outstanding current densities of 10.6 mA cm−2 simultaneously. Furthermore, detailed electrochemical analyses revealed that the excellent performance of the as‐prepared catalysts shall be attributed to the high‐density active sites and fast charge transfer brought by the ultrasmall size of CIS‐QDs. This work provides insights into the design of high‐density and stable catalytic sites for developing high‐performance electrocatalysts.
EEG‐based biometric authentication system using convolutional neural network for military applications
Authors: Vadher Himanshu , Patel Pal , Nair Anuja , Vyas Tarjni , Desai Shivani , Gohil Lata , Tanwar Sudeep , Garg Deepak , Singh Anupam 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this technological era, as the need for security arises, the use of biometrics is increasing in authentication systems as a secure and convenient method of human identification and verification. Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals have gained significant attention among the various biometric modalities available because of their unique and unforgeable characteristics. In this study, we have proposed an EEG‐based multi‐subject and multi‐task biometric authentication system for the military applications that address the challenges associated with multi‐task variation in EEG signals. The proposed work considers the use of respective EEG signals for the access of artillery, entrance to highly confidential places for the military and so forth by authenticated personnel only. We have used a multi‐subject, multi‐session, and multi‐task () dataset. The dataset was partially preprocessed with basic signal processing techniques such as bad channel repairing, independent component analysis for artifact removal, downsampling to 250 Hz, and an audio filter of 0.01–200 Hz for signal improvisation. This partially preprocessed dataset was further processed and was used in our deep learning model (DL) architectures. For EEG‐based biometric authentication, convolutional neural network (CNN) outperforms many of the state‐of‐the‐art DL architectures with a validation accuracy of approximately 99.86%, training accuracy of 98.49% and precision, recall and F1‐score with values of 99.91% that makes this EEG‐based approach for authentication more reliable. The DL models were also compared based on training and inference time, where CNN used the most training time but took the least time to predict the output. We compared the performance of the CNN model for three preprocessing techniques by feeding mel spectrograms, chromagrams and mel frequency cepstral coefficients, out of which mel spectrograms provided better results. This proposed architecture proves to be robust and efficient for military applications.
Arsenic removal using iron oxide nanoparticles produced employing a green synthesis approach
Authors: Mohan Devendra , Ranjan Ritesh , Kushwaha Rohit , Sonam  , Markandeya  , Shukla Sheo Prasad 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSeveral adsorbents were prepared employing co‐precipitation, urea, ascorbic acid, and natural plant extracts and evaluated for the removal of arsenic from groundwater. Several parameters affecting adsorption, namely, initial arsenic concentration, pH, adsorbent dose, and contact time were studied in batch experiments. pH was found to be one of the most important parameters which affected adsorption, and it was most effective in the acidic pH range of 2–6. The optimum adsorbent dose varied from 0.24 g/L to 1.0 g/L for various methods and a contact time of 120 min. Maximum removal efficiency varied from 92% to 98% for various methods. Isotherms and kinetics studies were performed to determine the adsorption capacity and rate of reaction, respectively. The maximum adsorption capacities of 79.36 μg/g, 69.44 μg/g, 243.90 μg/g, and 101.01 μg/g could be obtained by the adsorbents produced through co‐precipitation, urea, ascorbic acid and natural plant extracts, respectively. The adsorbents prepared through co‐precipitation, urea and ascorbic acid followed Langmuir isotherm and adsorbents prepared using plant extracts followed Freundlich isotherm. Various characterization techniques, including XRD, BET, and SEM were employed for analysis of the adsorbents.
iSOUP-SymRF: Symbolic Feature Ranking with Random Forests in Online Multi-target Regression
Authors: Osojnik Aljaž , Panov Panče , Džeroski Sašo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe task of feature ranking has received considerable attention across various prediction tasks in the batch learning scenario, but not in the online learning setting. Available methods that estimate feature importances on data streams have thus far focused on ranking the features for the tasks of classification and occasionally multi-label classification. We propose a novel online feature ranking method for online multi-target regression, iSOUP-SymRF, which estimates feature importance scores based on the positions at which a feature appears in the trees of a random forest of iSOUP-Trees. By utilizing iSOUP-Trees, which can address multiple structured output prediction tasks on data streams, iSOUP-SymRF promises feature ranking across a variety of online structured output prediction tasks. We examine the robustness of iSOUP-SymRF and the feature rankings it produces in terms of the methods’ parameters: the size of the ensemble and the number of selected features. Furthermore, to show the utility of iSOUP-SymRF and its rankings we use them in conjunction with two state-of-the-art online multi-target regression methods, iSOUP-Tree and AMRules, and analyze the impact of adding features according to the rankings.
Quantum Carroll/fracton particles
Authors: Figueroa-O’Farrill José , Pérez Alfredo , Prohazka Stefan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We classify and relate unitary irreducible representations (UIRs) of the Carroll and dipole groups, i.e., we define elementary quantum Carroll and fracton particles and establish a correspondence between them. Whenever possible, we express the UIRs in terms of fields on Carroll/Aristotle spacetime subject to their free field equations.We emphasise that free massive (or “electric”) Carroll and fracton quantum field theories are ultralocal field theories and highlight their peculiar and puzzling thermodynamic features. We also comment on subtle differences between massless and “magnetic” Carroll field theories and discuss the importance of Carroll and fractons symmetries for flat space holography.
Celestial open strings at one-loop
Authors: Donnay Laura , Giribet Gaston , González Hernán , Puhm Andrea , Rojas Francisco 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We study celestial amplitudes in string theory at one-loop. Celestial amplitudes describe scattering processes of boost eigenstates and relate to amplitudes in the more standard basis of momentum eigenstates through a Mellin transform. They are thus sensitive to both the ultraviolet and the infrared, which raises the question of how to appropriately take the field theory limit of string amplitudes in the celestial basis. We address this problem in the context of four-dimensional genus-one scattering processes of gluons in open string theory which reach the two-dimensional celestial sphere at null infinity. We show that the Mellin transform commutes with the adequate limit in the worldsheet moduli space and reproduces the celestial one-loop field theory amplitude expressed in the worldline formalism. The dependence on α′ continues to be a simple overall factor in one-loop celestial amplitudes albeit with a power that is shifted with respect to tree-level, thus making manifest that the dimensionless parameter $$ {g}_{10}^2/{\alpha}^{\prime 3} $$

g
10
2

/

α

′
3

organizes the loop expansion in the celestial basis. The precise way in which the amplitudes scale with this parameter depends on the number of non-compact dimensions in such a way that in 4 dimensions the scaling with α′ does agree with that at tree-level.
Microbiological status of vegan ground meat products from German retail
Authors: Kabisch Jan , Joswig Gyde , Böhnlein Christina , Fiedler Gregor , Franz Charles M. A. P. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe microbiological status of 10 raw plant-based ground meat products was assessed to obtain insight into contamination levels and the types of bacteria present in these meat analogues. The total bacterial counts at the end of the best before date varied greatly from below 1.0 log10 CFU/g to 8.31 log10 CFU/g, while the median count was 3.89 log10 CFU/g. For each product, the lactic acid bacterial counts were similar, although generally between ca. 0.5 and 1 log10 lower than the total bacterial counts, indicating that lactic acid bacteria were a majority in the microbiota of these products. While the median counts of toxigenic pathogens were generally very low (< 1.0 log10 CFU/g), the maximum counts detected in some samples could reach up to ca. 3.0 log10 CFU/g for presumptive Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus. No Listeria monocytogenes colonies were obtained in this investigation; however, other Listeria spp. were detected. Thus, the results show that a (re)contamination of these products by pathogenic bacteria can be a potential safety concern. Furthermore, the detection of presumptive B. cereus and the isolation of various Clostridium species from these products indicates that spore-formers may have survived the food processing and therefore, could pose a safety concern, which should be assessed in further studies.
Bounds on the higher degree Erdős–Ginzburg–Ziv constants over $${\mathbb {F}}_q^n$$
Authors: Costa Simone , Della Fiore Stefano 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe classical Erdős–Ginzburg–Ziv constant of a group G denotes the smallest positive integer $$\ell $$
ℓ
such that any sequence S of length at least $$\ell $$
ℓ
contains a zero-sum subsequence of length $$\exp (G).$$

exp
(
G
)
.

In the recent paper (Integers 22: Paper No. A102, 17 pp., 2022), Caro and Schmitt generalized this concept, using the m-th degree symmetric polynomial $$e_m(S)$$

e
m

(
S
)

instead of the sum of the elements of S and considering subsequences of a given length t. In particular, they defined the higher degree Erdős–Ginzburg–Ziv constants EGZ(t, R, m) of a finite commutative ring R and presented several lower and upper bounds to these constants. This paper aims to provide lower and upper bounds for EGZ(t, R, m) in case $$R={\mathbb {F}}_q^{n}.$$

R
=

F
q
n

.

The lower bounds here presented have been obtained, respectively, using the Lovász local lemma and the expurgation method and, for sufficiently large n, they beat the lower bound provided by Caro and Schmitt for the same kind of rings. Finally, we prove closed form upper bounds derived from the Ellenberg–Gijswijt and Sauermann results for the cap-set problem assuming that $$q = p^k,$$

q
=

p
k

,

$$t = p,$$

t
=
p
,

and $$m=p-1.$$

m
=
p
-
1
.

Moreover, using the slice rank method, we derive a convex optimization problem that provides the best bounds for $$q = 3^k,$$

q
=

3
k

,

$$t = 3,$$

t
=
3
,

$$m=2,$$

m
=
2
,

and $$k=2, 3,4,5.$$

k
=
2
,
3
,
4
,
5
.