bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sperm production is negatively associated with muscle and sperm telomere length in a species subjected to strong sperm competition
Authors: Morbiato Elisa , Cattelan Silvia , Pilastro Andrea , Grapputo Alessandro 
Published: October 2023

AbstractLife‐history theory suggests that ageing is one of the costs of reproduction. Accordingly, a higher reproductive allocation is expected to increase the deterioration of both the somatic and the germinal lines through enhanced telomere attrition. In most species, males' reproductive allocation mainly regards traits that increase mating and fertilization success, that is sexually selected traits. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that a higher investment in sexually selected traits is associated with a reduced relative telomere length (RTL) in the guppy (Poecilia reticulata), an ectotherm species characterized by strong pre‐ and postcopulatory sexual selection. We first measured telomere length in both the soma and the sperm over guppies' lifespan to see whether there was any variation in telomere length associated with age. Second, we investigated whether a greater investment in pre‐ and postcopulatory sexually selected traits is linked to shorter telomere length in both the somatic and the sperm germinal lines, and in young and old males. We found that telomeres lengthened with age in the somatic tissue, but there was no age‐dependent variation in telomere length in the sperm cells. Telomere length in guppies was significantly and negatively correlated with sperm production in both tissues and life stages considered in this study. Our findings indicate that telomere length in male guppies is strongly associated with their reproductive investment (sperm production), suggesting that a trade‐off between reproduction and maintenance is occurring at each stage of males' life in this species.
A lightweight encoder–decoder network for automatic pavement crack detection
Authors: Zhu Guijie , Liu Jiacheng , Fan Zhun , Yuan Duan , Ma Peili , Wang Meihua , Sheng Weihua , Wang Kelvin C. P. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCracks are the most common damage type on the pavement surface. Usually, pavement cracks, especially small cracks, are difficult to be accurately identified due to background interference. Accurate and fast automatic road crack detection play a vital role in assessing pavement conditions. Thus, this paper proposes an efficient lightweight encoder–decoder network for automatically detecting pavement cracks at the pixel level. Taking advantage of a novel encoder–decoder architecture integrating a new type of hybrid attention blocks and residual blocks (RBs), the proposed network can achieve an extremely lightweight model with more accurate detection of pavement crack pixels. An image dataset consisting of 789 images of pavement cracks acquired by a self‐designed mobile robot is built and utilized to train and evaluate the proposed network. Comprehensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed network performs better than the state‐of‐the‐art methods on the self‐built dataset as well as three other public datasets (CamCrack789, Crack500, CFD, and DeepCrack237), achieving F1 scores of 94.94%, 82.95%, 95.74%, and 92.51%, respectively. Additionally, ablation studies validate the effectiveness of integrating the RBs and the proposed hybrid attention mechanisms. By introducing depth‐wise separable convolutions, an even more lightweight version of the proposed network is created, which has a comparable performance and achieves the fastest inference speed with a model parameter size of only 0.57 M. The developed mobile robot system can effectively detect pavement cracks in real scenarios at a speed of 25 frames per second.
Successful left ventricular lead placement by way of an azygos vein for a patient performing cardiac resynchronization therapy implantation with an occluded left subclavian vein: A case report
Authors: Asai Masanari , Kiyokuni Masayoshi , Hiroki Uemura , Ishii Kazuho , Tokoro Takumi , Ishikawa Hiroyuki , Kagimoto Minako , Kataoka Shunsuke , Kuji Syotaro , Nakachi Tatsuya , Endo Tsutomu , Hibi Kiyoshi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCentral venous obstruction following pacemaker implantation is not uncommon and can prove challenging in the case of a system upgrade to a cardiac resynchronization therapy pacemaker (CRT‐P). We describe the case of a patient who underwent a successful upgrading procedure of a pacemaker to a CRT‐P in the presence of an occluded left subclavian vein and superior vena cava, using collateral veins that drained into right atrium.
It's time to stop using nitrous oxide for pediatric mask induction
Authors: Gordon Diane W. , Chatterjee Debnath , McGain Forbes 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundMask induction of anesthesia for pediatric patients has included the use of nitrous oxide since the inception of pediatric anesthesia. However, the use of nitrous oxide precludes adequate preoxygenation. Additionally, pediatric physiology (less Functional Residual Capacity, higher oxygen consumption), increased risk of laryngospasm and lack of intravenous access increase the risk of a severe airway complication in the event of airway occlusion. Nitrous oxide does not facilitate tranquil mask placement on an unwilling child and does not meaningfully speed mask induction. Exposure to nitrous oxide has potential occupational health concerns and nitrous oxide has significant environmental detriment.ConclusionUtilizing other, evidence‐based, techniques to facilitate tranquil mask placement will assure that patients have a pleasant induction experience and avoiding nitrous oxide will reduce the environmental impact, as well as improve the safety of, pediatric mask induction.
Association of psychological distress and DNA methylation: A 5‐year longitudinal population‐based twin study
Authors: Hong Xuanming , Miao Ke , Cao Weihua , Lv Jun , Yu Canqing , Huang Tao , Sun Dianjianyi , Liao Chunxiao , Pang Yuanjie , Hu Runhua , Pang Zengchang , Yu Min , Wang Hua , Wu Xianping , Liu Yu , Gao Wenjing , Li Liming 
Published: October 2023

AimTo identify the psychological distress (PD)–associated 5′‐cytosine‐phosphate‐guanine‐3′ sites (CpGs), and investigate the temporal relationship between dynamic changes in DNA methylation (DNAm) and PD.MethodsThis study included 1084 twins from the Chinese National Twin Register (CNTR). The CNTR conducted epidemiological investigations and blood withdrawal twice in 2013 and 2018. These included twins were used to perform epigenome‐wide association studies (EWASs) and to validate the previously reported PD‐associated CpGs selected from previous EWASs in PubMed, Embase, and the EWAS catalog. Next, a cross‐lagged study was performed to examine the temporality between changes in DNAm and PD in 308 twins who completed both 2013 and 2018 surveys.ResultsThe EWAS analysis of our study identified 25 CpGs. In the validation analysis, 741 CpGs from 29 previous EWASs on PD were selected for validation, and 101 CpGs were validated to be significant at a false discovery rate <0.05. The cross‐lagged analysis found a unidirectional path from PD to DNAm at 14 CpGs, while no sites showed significance from DNAm to PD.ConclusionsThis study identified and validated PD‐related CpGs in a Chinese twin population, and suggested that PD may be the cause of changes in DNAm over time. The findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying PD pathophysiology.
Protein dose requirements to maximize skeletal muscle protein synthesis after repeated bouts of resistance exercise in young trained women
Authors: Mallinson J. E. , Wardle S. L. , O'Leary T. J. , Greeves J. P. , Cegielski J. , Bass J. , Brook M. S. , Wilkinson D. J. , Smith K. , Atherton P. J. , Greenhaff P. L. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractStudies examining the effect of protein (PRO) feeding on post resistance exercise (RE) muscle protein synthesis (MPS) have primarily been performed in men, and little evidence is available regarding the quantity of PRO required to maximally stimulate MPS in trained women following repeated bouts of RE. We therefore quantified acute (4 h and 8 h) and extended (24 h) effects of two bouts of resistance exercise, alongside protein‐feeding, in women, and the PRO requirement to maximize MPS. Twenty‐four RE trained women (26.6 ± 0.7 years, mean ± SEM) performed two bouts of whole‐body RE (3 × 8 repetitions/maneuver at 75% 1‐repetition maximum) 4 h apart, with post‐exercise ingestion of 15 g, 30 g, or 60 g whey PRO (n = 8/group). Saliva, venous blood, and a vastus lateralis muscle biopsy were taken at 0 h, 4 h, 8 h, and 24 h post‐exercise. Plasma leucine and branched chain amino acids were quantified using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC–MS) after ingestion of D2O. Fifteen grams PRO did not alter plasma leucine concentration or myofibrillar synthetic rate (MyoFSR). Thirty and sixty grams PRO increased plasma leucine concentration above baseline (105.5 ± 5.3 μM; 120.2 ± 7.4 μM, respectively) at 4 h (151.5 ± 8.2 μM, p < 0.01; 224.8 ± 16.0 μM, p < 0.001, respectively) and 8 h (176.0 ± 7.3 μM, p < 0.001; 281.7 ± 21.6 μM, p < 0.001, respectively). Ingestion of 30 g PRO increased MyoFSR above baseline (0.068 ± 0.005%/h) from 0 to 4 h (0.140 ± 0.021%/h, p < 0.05), 0 to 8 h (0.121 ± 0.012%/h, p < 0.001), and 0 to 24 h (0.099 ± 0.011%/h, p < 0.01). Ingestion of 60 g PRO increased MyoFSR above baseline (0.063 ± 0.003%/h) from 0 to 4 h (0.109 ± 0.011%/h, p < 0.01), 0 to 8 h (0.093 ± 0.008%/h, p < 0.01), and 0 to 24 h (0.086 ± 0.006%/h, p < 0.01). Post‐exercise ingestion of 30 g or 60 g PRO, but not 15 g, acutely increased MyoFSR following two consecutive bouts of RE and extended the anabolic window over 24 h. There was no difference between the 30 g and 60 g responses.
Interspecies co‐expression analysis of lateral root development using inducible systems in rice, Medicago, and Arabidopsis
Authors: Motte Hans , Parizot Boris , Xuan Wei , Chen Qian , Maere Steven , Bensmihen Sandra , Beeckman Tom 
Published: October 2023

SUMMARYLateral roots are crucial for plant growth and development, making them an important target for research aiming to improve crop yields and food security. However, their endogenous ontogeny and, as it were, stochastic appearance challenge their study. Lateral Root Inducible Systems (LRIS) can be used to overcome these challenges by inducing lateral roots massively and synchronously. The combination of LRISs with transcriptomic approaches significantly advanced our insights in the molecular control of lateral root formation, in particular for Arabidopsis. Despite this success, LRISs have been underutilized for other plant species or for lateral root developmental stages later than the initiation. In this study, we developed and/or adapted LRISs in rice, Medicago, and Arabidopsis to perform RNA‐sequencing during time courses that cover different developmental stages of lateral root formation and primordium development. As such, our study provides three extensive datasets of gene expression profiles during lateral root development in three different plant species. The three LRISs are highly effective but timing and spatial distribution of lateral root induction vary among the species. Detailed characterization of the stages in time and space in the respective species enabled an interspecies co‐expression analysis to identify conserved players involved in lateral root development, as illustrated for the AUX/IAA and LBD gene families. Overall, our results provide a valuable resource to identify potentially conserved regulatory mechanisms in lateral root development, and as such will contribute to a better understanding of the complex regulatory network underlying lateral root development.
Rh flow cytometry: An updated methodology for D antigen density applied to weak D types 164 and 165
Authors: Hutchison Chloe Jayne , Srivastava Kshitij , Polin Helene , Bueno Marina Ursula , Flegel Willy Albert 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundAn original methodology for determining the D antigen density on red cells was published in 2000 and has been applied in many publications since. This flow cytometry‐based assay remained largely unrevised utilizing monoclonal anti‐Ds that are not readily available anymore. We updated the methodology to quantify erythrocyte D antigen sites using microspheres and monoclonal anti‐Ds that are commercially available today.MethodsThe absolute D antigen density of a frozen standard CcDEe cell, drawn in 2003, a fresh blood donation from the same individual, drawn in 2022, and an internal control CcDEe cell, was quantified by flow cytometry using fluorescence‐labeled microspheres. The internal control CcDEe cell was used in conjunction with 9 commercial anti‐Ds to determine D antigen densities of 7 normal D, 4 partial D, and 11 weak D type samples, including 2 novel alleles.ResultsThe reproducibility of the updated assay was evaluated with red cells of published D antigen densities. The current results matched the known ones closely. The new weak D types 164 and 165 carried 4500 and 1505 D antigens/red cell, respectively. The absolute D antigen density decreased from 27,231 to 26,037 in an individual over 19 years.DiscussionThe updated assay gave highly reproducible results for the D antigen densities of Rh phenotypes. Readily available anti‐Ds allowed for the determination of the D antigen densities of 7 weak D types. The assay is suitable to evaluate the effects of distinct amino acid substitutions on the RhD phenotype.
Clinical use of uncovered balloon‐expandable metallic biliary stents for treatment of extrahepatic biliary tract obstructions in cats and dogs: 11 cases (2012–2022)
Authors: Bergen Julia L. , Travis Blake M. , Pike Fred S. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the application of uncovered balloon‐expandable metallic biliary stents for treatment of extrahepatic biliary obstructions (EHBOs) and the outcomes for dogs and cats treated for EHBO with this technique.Study designRetrospective single institutional study.AnimalsEight dogs and three cats treated at the Veterinary Specialty Hospital of San Diego for EHBO between January 2012 and February 2022.MethodsData collected from the medical records included signalment, presenting complaint, laboratory and imaging findings, surgical findings, hospitalization time, complications, and follow‐up information.ResultsMedian duration of short‐term follow up was 16 days (6–45 days). Improved biochemical abnormalities and resolution of clinical signs were recorded in 10/11 cases. Two dogs died within 2 weeks of surgery. One dog developed systemic inflammatory response syndrome 5 days postoperatively and was euthanized; the cause of death in the second case was unknown. Long‐term follow up was available in seven cases, with a median duration of 307.5 days (62–2268 days). Bile‐duct patency was maintained for at least 356–622 days (median: 446 days) in three cats and 62–2268 days (median: 650.5 days) in four dogs with long‐term follow up available. One cat had recurrent obstruction with choledocholiths 446 days postoperatively. One stent was removed 614 days postoperatively due to recurrent cholangiohepatitis.ConclusionUncovered balloon‐expandable metallic biliary stents were placed successfully and relieved EHBO in all cases that survived to discharge.Clinical significanceUse of uncovered balloon‐expandable metallic biliary stents should be considered as an alternative to temporary choledochal luminal stenting or cholecystoenterostomy to manage EHBO.
Marker Set Configuration and Rigid Body Attitude Determination
Authors: Challis John H. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Image-based motion-analysis systems typically place markers on the bodies of interest. The error in determining segment attitude from these markers is a function the marker position errors, the number of markers, and the spatial distribution of the markers. The spatial distribution includes two factors: the mean square distance of these markers to their geometric center, and the degree of anisotropy in the marker distribution. The purposes of this study were to: (1) present a metric which quantifies the marker spatial distribution (anisotropic to isotropic) and (2) examine the influence of marker distribution on the accuracy of rigid body attitude determination. To test the influence of the marker distribution on body attitude determination 1000 criterion attitudes were determined. These attitudes then had to be estimated for two marker sets for which the marker distribution metric, noise levels, and root-mean-square distance of the markers were systematically varied. Anisotropic marker distributions were shown to negatively affect the accuracy of attitude determination. The influence of anisotropic marker distributions on attitude accuracy could be blunted by increasing the number of markers, increasing the root-mean-square distance of markers from their geometric center, and reducing noise levels. These results have implications for the measurement of the attitudes of body segments. For example, the ability to have a large spatial distribution of markers and a large number of markers to maximize the measurement accuracy of segment attitude is different for a small segment such as the fifth metacarpal compared with the thigh.
Developing a Community Sport Organization’s Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Policy
Authors: Piché Megan C. , Lachance Erik L. , Kerwin Shannon 
Published: October 2023

This teaching case study tasks students with creating a diversity, equity, and inclusion policy. The teaching case study’s context is a fictional community sport organization (CSO; i.e., Niagara Falls Thundering River Volleyball Club) located in the Niagara Region in Ontario, Canada. To develop such a policy, students learn about the emerging pressures and market conditions surrounding the fictional CSO. Students are also made aware of key policy principles as well as management by values to consider ethical standards within diversity, equity, and inclusion. Finally, students are introduced to diversity, equity, and inclusion policies within the Canadian sport system to inform their policy development process for the purposes of this teaching case study.
Updating breakpoints in the United States: a summary from the ASM Clinical Microbiology Open 2022
Authors: Patel Jean B. , Alby Kevin , Humphries Romney , Weinstein Melvin , Lutgring Joseph D. , Naccache Samia N. , Simner Patricia J. 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
Accurate antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) and reporting are essential for guiding appropriate therapy for patients and direction for public health prevention and control actions. A critical feature of AST reporting is the interpretation of AST results using clinical breakpoints for reporting as susceptible, susceptible-dose dependent, intermediate, or resistant. Breakpoints are subject to continuous adjustment and updating to best reflect current clinical data. These breakpoint changes can benefit patients and public health only if adopted in a timely manner. A recent survey identified that up to 70% of College of American Pathologists (CAP)-accredited U.S. laboratories and 45% of CAP-accredited laboratories outside the U.S. use various obsolete clinical breakpoints to interpret AST results to guide patient care. The reason for the ongoing use of obsolete breakpoints is multifactorial, including barriers encountered by laboratories, commercial AST device manufacturers, standards development organizations, and regulatory bodies alike. To begin to address this important patient safety issue, CAP implemented checklist requirements for CAP-accredited laboratories to ensure up-to-date clinical breakpoint use. Furthermore, the topic was discussed at the June 2022 American Society for Microbiology Clinical Microbiology Open (CMO) with various stakeholders to identify potential solutions. This minireview summarizes the breakpoint setting process in the U.S. and highlights solutions to close the gap between breakpoint revisions and implementation in clinical and public health laboratories. Solutions discussed include clarification of data requirements and minimum inhibitory concentration only reporting for regulatory clearance of AST devices, clinical data generation to close breakpoints gaps, advocacy, education, and greater dialogue between stakeholders.
Increasing student interest with the Bacterial Unknown Identification Project: using mixed cultures to create real-world applications
Authors: Perri Kayla , Abdelhaseib Maha , Fricker Ashwana D. 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
Many introductory-level classes teach fundamental concepts, as they are prerequisites for upper-division courses. Therefore, the student body in these classes has diverse interests. To address this breadth of career trajectory, introductory-level laboratory courses often include experiments that demonstrate a wide range of microbiological techniques and processes. One of the experiments that is a standard component of many microbiology classes, the Bacterial Unknown Identification Project (BUIP), is often limited to isolated organisms or a specific environment. Here, we describe an updated method for the BUIP that incorporates the projected student career diversity through the implementation of multiple mixed cultures of microorganisms associated with different environments. This update can be utilized in any microbiology laboratory classroom. We maintained the learning objectives, including applying appropriate microbiological methods to analyze and interpret results, and effectively communicate scientific findings, while modifying the sample composition. Assessment of the modification demonstrated that upon completion of the BUIP, students felt that the project applied to their career and it did not take too much of their free time to complete.