Volumetric Assessment of Lisfranc Joint and Spaces in Hallux Valgus Deformity Patients: A Case- Control Study
Authors: Talaski Grayson M. , Aiyer Amiethab A. , Behrens Andrew , Mallavarapu Vineel , Jones Matthew T. , Schmidt Eli , Dibbern Kevin , Carvalho Kepler A.M. , Mansur Nacime Salomao Barbachan , de Cesar Netto Cesar 
Published: December 2023

Category: Midfoot/Forefoot; Bunion Introduction/Purpose: First ray or medial column instability has been linked to the development of hallux valgus deformity (HVD), in part due to potential instability of Lisfranc joints and ligamentous complex. However, no study has assessed the 3D weight- bearing (WB) relationship of the Lisfranc complex in patients with confirmed hallux valgus, particularly at the articulating surface of the first tarsometatarsal joint and the second metatarsal and medial cuneiform space, commonly described as the primary region- of-interest of the Lisfranc complex. In this case-control study, we aimed to assesses WB 3D volumetric measurements in the entire Lisfranc joint, as well as in between first and second rays, and to compare HVD patients and controls. We hypothesized that volumes would be increased in HVD patients. Methods: In this IRB-approved, retrospective case-control study, we analyzed weight-bearing Computed Tomography (WBCT) data of 20 consecutive HVD patients and 20 healthy control patients. Using an automated segmentation method (DISIOR Bonelogic 2.0, Paragon28, USA), 3D volumetric models of the bones of the foot were created from WBCT data. Opposing articular spaces in the Lisfranc joint were selected on the STL models of the bones. Interarticular distance mapping was then performed to characterize the joint space width (JSW) in each of the articulations. Interarticular volume was then assessed using an area-weighted volume measurement. Areas of each triangle from the triangulated surface were multiplied by the JSW at each triangle. The sum of individual volumes was then normalized by the total surface area. The final volume was estimated using the product of the normalized summation and average area of both surfaces. Comparisons were performed with independent t-tests. P-Values < 0.05 were considered significant. Results: Estimates of volumetric assessment of the Lisfranc Complex were obtained using the automated method written in MATLAB. These outputs are reported in Table 1. As expected, the first tarsometatarsal joint volumes were the highest for both HVD patients and controls. No significant differences in the volumes were observed when comparing HVD patients and controls for any of the joints or spaces assessed (Figure). Particularly, no differences in the volumetric analysis of the first tarsometatarsal joint, 1-2 intercuneiform space or Lisfranc space (medial cuneiform-second metatarsal) were confirmed. Conclusion: In this retrospective case-control study, we hypothesized that joint volumes of the articulating surfaces and spaces-of- interest within the Lisfranc complex would be higher in HVD patients, consistent with first ray/medial column instability. Our study results demonstrated however no significant volume increases in Lisfranc joints or spaces assessed, particularly with no increases in the volumetric measurements at the first tarsometatarsal joint or between first and second rays. Even though our study could be underpowered to demonstrate potential differences between HVD and controls, our results support that no significant first ray instability in present when volumetric WBCT assessment is used.