bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peptide based vaccine design: Synthesis and immunological characterization of branched polypeptide conjugates comprising the 276–284 immunodominant epitope of HSV‐1 glycoprotein D
Authors: Mező Gábor , Dalmadi Balázs , Mucsi Ilona , Bősze Szilvia , Rajnavölgyi Éva , Hudecz Ferenc 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe importance of the length and conjugation site of a protective epitope peptide (276SALLEDPVG284) from glycoprotein D of herpes simplex virus in branched polypeptide conjugates has been investigated. A new set of peptides, with a single attachment site and truncated sequences, was prepared. The immunogenicity of conjugates and the specificity of antibody responses elicited were investigated in BALB/c, C57/Bl/6 and CBA mice. It was found that the covalent coupling of the peptide comprising the 276–284 sequence of gD through its Asp residue at position 281 did not influence the immunogenic properties of the epitope, while involvement of the side chain of Glu at position 280 almost completely abolished immunogenicity. These results clearly indicated that the conjugation site of the epitope peptide influenced the intensity and specificity of antibody responses. Comparison of the immunological properties of conjugates containing truncated gD peptides revealed the presence of two epitopes within the 276–284 region. One of the proposed epitopes is situated at the N‐terminal (276–281) region, while the other is located at the C‐terminal end of the sequence (279–284). Binding data demonstrated that some of the peptides comprising these epitopes induced gD‐specific responses in their conjugated form and also elicited an immune response that conferred protection against lethal HSV‐1 infection. The correlation of peptide‐ and gD‐specific antibody responses with the protective effect of the immune response is discussed. Copyright © 2002 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The production of anti‐hexapeptide antibodies which recognize the S7, L6 and L13 ribosomal proteins of Escherichia coli
Authors: Metaxas Aristomenis , Tzartos Socrates , Liakopoulou‐Kyriakides Maria 
Published: January 2005

AbstractHere we report the synthesis of the N‐terminal hexapeptide H‐Pro‐Arg‐Arg‐Arg‐Val‐Ile‐OH of the E. coli ribosomal protein S7, the C‐terminal hexapeptide H‐Lys‐Glu‐Ala‐Lys‐Lys‐Lys‐OH of L6 and the C‐terminal hexapeptide H‐Pro‐Gln‐Val‐Leu‐Asp‐Ile‐OH of L13. All peptides were prepared by SPPS following the Fmoc‐strategy, using DIC/HOBt and/or HBTU as coupling reagents and 2‐chlorotrityl chloride resin as the solid support. The carrier linked synthetic peptides were injected into rabbits and elicited an anti‐peptide response. These anti‐hexapeptide antibodies were found to recognize the corresponding peptides and proteins. Copyright © 2002 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A colorimetric enzyme‐linked on‐bead assay for identification of synthetic substrates of protein tyrosine kinases
Authors: Martin Scott E. , Peterson Blake R. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractProtein tyrosine kinases play key roles in the progression of numerous human diseases including several types of cancers. We report here a simple colorimetric assay for tyrosine kinase activity employing synthetic peptide substrates prepared on Tentagel synthesis beads. Phosphorylation of compounds on beads was detected with an antiphosphotyrosine antibody complexed with a secondary antibody–alkaline phosphatase conjugate. This assay may prove useful for the identification and characterization of synthetic substrates of this important class of enzymes. Copyright © 2002 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Effect of C‐Terminal Helix Stabilization on Specific DNA Binding by Monomeric GCN4 Peptides
Authors: Zhang Min , Wu Bing , Zhao Hong , Taylor John W. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractDNA binding by a 29‐residue, monomeric, GCN4 basic region peptide, GCN4br, as well as by peptide br‐C, a monomeric basic‐region analogue that is helix stabilized at its C‐terminal end by a Lys25, Asp29 side‐chain lactam‐bridged alanine‐rich sequence, was studied at 25°C in an aqueous buffer containing 100 mM NaCl. Mixing of both peptides with duplex DNA containing the cAMP‐responsive element (CRE) was accompanied by significant helix stabilization in the peptides, whereas mixing of the peptides with duplex DNA containing a scrambled CRE site was not. Peptide NBD‐br‐C was synthesized as a fluorescent probe to evaluate these peptide–DNA interactions further. Quantitative analysis of the fluorescence quenching of peptide NBD‐br‐C by CRE half‐site DNA indicated the formation of a 1 : 1 complex with a dissociation constant of 1.41 ± 0.22 µM. Competitive displacement fluorescence assays of CRE half‐site binding gave dissociation constants of 0.65 ± 0.09 µM for peptide br‐C and 3.9 ± 0.5 µM for GCN4br, which corresponds to a free energy difference of 1.1 kcal/mol that is attributed to the helix stabilization achieved in peptide br‐C. This result indicates that helix initiation by the α‐helical leucine zipper dimerization motif in native bzip proteins, such as GCN4, contributes significantly to the affinity of basic region peptides for their recognition sites on DNA. Our fluorescence assay should also prove useful for determining dissociation constants for CRE binding by other GCN4 basic region analogues under equilibrium conditions and physiological salt concentrations. Copyright © 2002 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An efficient gel‐phase synthesis of peptides on a high capacity flexible crosslinked polystyrene support: comparison with Merrifield resin
Authors: Krishna Kumar I. M. , Rajasekharan Pillai V. N. , Mathew Beena 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA highly solvating copolymer was prepared in high yield by introducing a flexible crosslinker, 1,4‐butanedioldimethacrylate, into the polystyrene matrix by a free radical aqueous suspension polymerization. A 2 mol% crosslinked resin showed rigidity and mechanical characteristics comparable to those of divinylbenzene‐crosslinked polystyrene (Merrifield resin, DVB‐PS) support. Swelling and solvation characteristics of the new resin, BDDMA‐PS, were much higher than DVB‐PS support in all solvents used for solid phase peptide synthesis. The diacrylate crosslinks in the resin network were found to be highly stable even after 48 h treatment with neat TFA, 6 N HCl and 6 N KOH at 110°C. To demonstrate the usefulness of the new resin in high capacity peptide synthesis, a typical difficult peptide, acyl carrier protein (ACP) fragment (65–74), was synthesized on commercially available 1 mol% crosslinked DVB‐PS and 2 mol% crosslinked BDDMA‐PS resins under identical conditions. A protocol using NMP/DMSO mediated coupling was employed for chain assembly. The yield and purity of the product from BDDMA‐PS resin was higher than when the DVB‐PS resin was used. The mechanistic reason behind the synthetic efficiency of the new resin was found to be its ability to induce random coil conformation to the growing peptide chains. Copyright © 2002 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Conformational solution studies of neuropeptide γ using CD and NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Rodziewicz‐Motowidło Sylwia , Brzozowski Krzysztof , Łęgowska Anna , Liwo Adam , Silbering Jerzy , Smoluch Marek , Rolka Krzysztof 
Published: January 2005

AbstractNeuropeptide γ is one of the largest members of the tachykinin family of peptides, exhibiting strong agonistic activity towards the NK‐2 tachykinin receptor. This peptide was synthesized by the solid‐phase method using the Fmoc chemistry. Circular‐dichroism spectroscopy (CD) investigations of this peptide were performed in phosphate buffer, in the presence of sodium dodecylsulphate (SDS) micelles and trifluoroethanol (TFE) solutions and in DMSO‐d6 using the 2D NMR technique in conjunction with two different theoretical approaches. The first assumes multiconformational equilibrium of the peptide studied characterized by the values of statistical weights of low‐energy conformations. These calculations were performed using three different force fields ECEPP/3, AMBER4.1 and CHARMM (implemented in the X‐PLOR program). The second method incorporates interproton distance and dihedral angle constraints into the starting conformation using the Simulated Annealing algorithm (X‐PLOR program). The CD experiments revealed that although the peptide studied is flexible in polar solvents, a tendency to adopt a helical structure was observed in the hydrophobic environment. The NMR data (NOE effects) indicate a helical or reverse structure in the Ile7–His12 fragment of the peptide studied in DMSO‐d6 solution. The results obtained cannot be interpreted in terms of a single conformation. Most of the conformations obtained with the ECEPP/3 force field possess a high content of a helical structure. None of the conformers, obtained with the AMBER4.1 and CHARMM force fields, can be considered as the dominant one. In all conformations several β‐turns were detected and in some cases γ‐turns were also found. But in fact, it is rather difficult to select the position of the secondary element(s) present in the structure of NPγ in solution. All conformers calculated with the X‐PLOR program (with using NMR derived distance and torsion angle constraints) are stabilized by several β‐turns. Common structural motives are a type IV β‐turn in the Gln6–His12 fragment. All conformations obtained using two approaches adopt very similar turn shapes in the middle region of molecule and a random structure on the N‐ and C‐terminal fragments. Copyright © 2002 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of heterotrimeric collagen peptides containing the α1β1 integrin recognition site of collagen type IV
Authors: Saccá Barbara , Moroder Luis 
Published: January 2005

AbstractCollagen type IV provides a biomechanically stable scaffold into which the other constituents of basement membranes are incorporated, but it also plays an important role in cell adhesion. This occurs with collagen type IV mainly via the α1β1 integrin, and the proposed epitope involved in this type of collagen/integrin interaction corresponds to a non‐sequential R/Xaa/D motif, where the arginine and aspartate residues are provided by the α2 and α1 chains of the collagen molecule, respectively. Since the stagger of the three α chains in native collagen type IV is still unknown and different alignments of the chains lead to different spatial epitopes, two heterotrimeric collagen peptides containing the natural 457–469 sequences of the cell adhesion site were synthesized in which the single chains were assembled via disulfide bonds into the two most plausible α1α2α1′ and α2α1α1′ registers. The differentiated triple‐helical stabilities of the two heterotrimers suggest a significant structural role of the chain register in collagen, although the binding to α1β1 integrin is apparently less affected as indicated by preliminary experiments. Copyright © 2002 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Conformation‐dependent side reactions in interstrand‐disulfide bridging of trimeric collagenous peptides by regioselective cysteine chemistry
Authors: Saccá Barbara , Barth Dirk , Musiol Hans‐Jürgen , Moroder Luis 
Published: January 2005

AbstractConversion of single‐chain or disulfide‐bridged dimeric collagenous peptides into Cys(Npys) derivatives as activated species for subsequent regioselective thiol/disulfide exchange reactions leads to side products whose origin and nature was determined by HPLC and ESI‐MS. In both cases the high tendency of the educts to self‐associate into triple‐helical homotrimers, as assessed by their dichroic properties in the reaction media, is responsible for the failure of this well established cysteine chemistry. Only by optimizing the synthetic strategy or by exploiting a kinetic control of the reaction, could these conformation‐dependent limitations be more or less efficiently bypassed for the regioselective assembly of heterotrimeric collagen model peptides crosslinked with artificial cystine knots. Copyright © 2002 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dielectric properties of Na0.25K0.25Bi0.5TiO3 lead‐free ceramics
Authors: Zhao Suchuan , Zhang Lina , Li Guorong , Wang Tianbao , Ding Aili 
Published: January 2005

AbstractNa0.25K0.25Bi0.5TiO3 (NKBT50) lead‐free ceramics were prepared by solid‐state reaction. The dielectric property of the ceramics was investigated from room temperature to 400 °C. There exists a dielectric anomaly between room temperature and 150 °C for the unpoled ceramics sintered in air atmosphere while the anomaly disappears after the ceramic were poled or sintered in oxygen. It is believed that the dielectric anomaly is caused by defect dipoles related to oxygen vacancies due to the volatility of the bismuth component and the effect of poling to it is discussed. The materials undergo a ferroelectric‐antiferroelectric phase transition at 225 °C and the dielectric anomaly corresponding to this phase transition also is affected by oxygen vacancies. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Preface: phys. stat. sol. (b) 242/2
Authors: Szopa Marek , Mierzejewski Marcin , Lisowski Mariusz 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThis issue contains the Proceedings of the 28th International Conference of Theoretical Physics, ICTP2004 – Electron Correlations in Nano‐ and Macrosystems, which was held in Ustroń, Poland, from 2–7 September 2004. ICTP2004 followed the series of conferences organized by the Institute of Physics of the University of Silesia in Katowice, devoted biannually to the physics of condensed matter.The main objective of the Conference was to bring together specialists working on the physics of electron correlations in nano‐ and macro‐regimes, with the intention of enhancing their mutual understanding and cooperation. The Conference was an international forum for the presentation and discussion of novel scientific ideas and experimental results. The programme of the conference consisted of 25 invited lectures, 11 contributed lectures and 27 papers presented during poster session. The contributions were devoted to problems related to the following subjects:• Transport in low dimensional systems• Carbon nanotubes and fullerenes• Non Fermi liquid systems• Superconductivity and Magnetism• Quantum phase transitions• New materials in magnetoelectronicsAmong the participants were 88 scientists from 10 countries and 3 continents. The invited talks were presented by distinguished physicists: Hélène Bouchiat, Liviu Chibotaru, Ulrich Eckern, Klaus Ensslin, Jim Freericks, Raymond Frésard, Peter Hänggi, Heike Herper, Carsten Honerkamp, Helmut Keiter, Stefan Krompiewski, Tadeusz Lulek, Kazumi Maki, Nina Marković, Roman Micnas, Volker Meden, Andrzej M. Oleś, Thomas Pruschke, Marek Przybylski, Ken‐ichi Sasaki, Uri Sivan, Józef Spałek, Frank Steglich, Michael Thorwart and Roland Zeyher.The Organizing Committee would like to express our gratitude to the International Scientific Committee and to all the speakers and contributors for their talks and posters. Special thanks are addressed to all the participants for their valuable discussions and stimulating atmosphere of the meeting. We express our thanks to the referees. Their work improved significantly the quality of papers presented in this issue. We are also indebted to the editorial staff of physica status solidi for their help. Our cooperation was smooth and efficient. Last but not least, we thank all the sponsors of the conference (see list).On behalf of the organizers of ICTP2004
Antiulcerogenic activity of crude ethanol extract and some fractions obtained from aerial parts of Artemisia annua L.
Authors: Dias Patrícia Corrêa , Foglio Mary Ann , Possenti Ana , Christian Fachim Nogueira Débora , Ernesto de Carvalho João 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe resulting enriched sesquiterpene lactone fraction and the crude ethanol extract of Artemisia annua L. aerial parts, showed antiulcerogenic activity when administered orally, on the indomethacin induced ulcer in rats. The sesquiterpene lactone fraction yielded three different polarity fractions on column chromatography as follows: non‐polar, medium polarity and polar fraction, When submitted to the same indomethacin‐induced ulcer in rats they resulted in different levels of inhibition of the ulcerative lesion index. The participation of nitric oxide was evaluated on an ethanol‐induced ulcer model which had a previous administration of L‐NAME, a NO‐synthase inhibitor. Under these conditions, the medium polarity fraction maintained the antiulcerogenic activity, suggesting that nitric oxide could not be involved in the antiulcerogenic activity. When the animal groups were treated with N‐ethylmaleimide, an alkylator of sulphhydryl groups, using the same experimental model, the medium polarity fraction maintained its antiulcerogenic activity, suggesting that the pharmacological mechanism is not related to non‐protein sulphydryl compounds. On the ethanol‐induced ulcer with previous indomethacin treatment, the medium polarity fraction lost its antiulcerogenic activity indicating that the active compounds of Artemisia annua L. increase the prostaglandin levels in the gastric mucosa. This hypothesis was reinforced by an increase of adherent mucus production by the gastric mucosa, produced by the medium polarity fraction on the hypothermic restraint stress induced ulcer model. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of Phyllanthus amarus aqueous extract on blood glucose in non‐insulin dependent diabetic patients
Authors: Moshi Mainen J. , Lutale Janet J. K. , Rimoy Gerald H. , Abbas Zulfikar G. , Josiah Robert M. , Swai Andrew B. M. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe glycaemic response to 124.5 ± 9.3 (mean ± SD) g of pancakes was monitored in 21 non‐insulin dependent diabetic (NIDDM) patients while on oral hypoglycaemics, after a 1‐week washout period and after a 1‐week twice daily treatment with 100 mL of an aqueous extract from 12.5 g of powdered aerial parts of Phyllanthus amarus. After the 1‐week washout period, the fasting blood glucose (FBG) and postprandial blood glucose increased significantly compared with treatment on oral hypoglycaemics ( p < 0.05). After a 1‐week herbal treatment no hypoglycaemic activity was observed. Both FBG and postprandial blood glucose remained very similar to that recorded after the washout period ( p > 0.05). Both liver and renal functions based on alanine transaminase (ALAT) and serum creatinine, respectively, were not significantly affected by the use of the extract. Although the lymphocyte and monocyte levels were significantly decreased ( p < 0.05) and the granulocyte level was significantly increased after treatment ( p < 0.05) the overall total white blood cell (WBC) count and haemoglobin (Hb) were not significantly affected by the 1 week herbal treatment. We conclude that 1 week treatment with the aqueous extract of Phyllanthus amarus was incapable of lowering both FBG and postprandial blood glucose in untreated NIDDM patients. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The presence of antiamoebic constituents in Psyllium husk
Authors: Zaman Viqar , Manzoor Syed Munazza , Zaki Mehreen , Aziz Nauman , Gilani Anwar‐ul‐Hassan 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe crude extract of psyllium husk (ispaghula) and its active constituent (petroleum fraction) caused varying degrees of growth inhibition in three different species of Entamoeba, i.e. Entamoeba histolytica, E. invadens and E. dispar. The inhibitory effect of the crude extract was in the dose range of 1–10 mg/mL, whereas a similar inhibitory effect was obtained with the petroleum fraction at a much lower dose (0.1–1.0 mg/mL), indicating that the active chemical(s) is/are concentrated in the petroleum fraction. These data support the traditional use of psyllium husk in amoebic dysentery. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Packaging handling evaluation methods in the grocery retail industry
Authors: Saghir Mazen , Jönson Gunilla 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe grocery retail industry, with its large product volumes, low margins and fierce competition, is constantly seeking efficiency improvements in its supply chain. The grocery retail industry uses an immense amount of packaging and is directly affected by packaging logistics activities. There is, therefore, a potential for efficiency improvements in the grocery retail supply chain through the integration and development of new systems of packaging and logistics. Packaging handling is identified as one of the main activities that has a strong impact on the overall logistical cost of a grocery chain. This research article investigates packaging handling evaluation methods and discusses how these are employed to benefit the industry. Case studies, involving six major companies from the Swedish grocery retail industry, have been used to evaluate packaging and logistics activities. This work, together with a literature review, was used to identify the need for evaluative methods and the present availability of such methods. The results indicated a lack of sufficient and usable packaging handling evaluation methods in today's grocery and packaging industry especially from a logistical point of view. The paper also highlights the lack of systematization among the few methods used and discusses how these can be used to build a systematic and multifunctional evaluation model in order to utilize the information from different studies to build a knowledge base for the future. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of package size and temperature on the volume expansion of flexible permeable packages of Kimchi, a Korean fermented vegetable
Authors: Lim Jeewon , Park Eun Sook , Cheigh Hong Sik , Lee Dong Sun 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe effect of package size and temperature on package volume expansion was investigated when P71197, a high CO2 permeability film of amorphous nylon laminate structure, was applied to packaging kimchi, a Korean ethnic fermented vegetable. The volume expansion, after an initial lag period, rapidly reached a maximum and then either decreased or stayed constant. A higher temperature and a larger package caused greater volume expansion within the experimental time span. Based on the criterion of ≤0.8 ml/g as a tolerable volume change, the appropriate window of package size and temperature has been suggested. The expanded volume was found to consist mainly of CO2 produced from kimchi, resulting in higher CO2 concentrations for higher temperatures and larger package sizes. The effect of package size on the volume expansion and gas composition can be explained by the differences in the ratio of surface area to filled weight among the packages. The effect of storage temperature can be explained by the difference in activation energy between CO2 production from the kimchi and gas permeation through the film. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Introduction of flexible packaging systems for toiletry products
Authors: Ikeda Yuji , Sasaki Haruo 
Published: January 2005

AbstractFlexible manufacturing systems (FMS) are rapidly gaining in importance for manufacturers throughout the industrialized world. Lion Corporation is no exception in its need of FMS because of the great variety of toiletry and household products it produces. Toiletry products, such as toothpaste, detergent and shampoo, are our mainstay products, which account for 75% of our total sales. On our production lines, therefore, it is essential that they can be changed flexibly for the manufacture of ever‐changing products. Introduced in this report are some of our flexible packaging systems, which use carriers, robots, standardized shampoo bottles, etc., without relying on special tools or new parts for line change. Innovation of our flexible packaging systems for greater flexibility and cost reduction will continue in the future. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.