bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Water Problems and Treatment Strategies of Volcanic Gas Reservoir in Daqing
Authors: Li Qiang , Liu Guo-hong , Wang Zhi-rui , Ma Wen-hai , Ma Pin-gang , Li Hao-yang 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In order to realize the development strategy of “stabilizing oil and increasing gas and simultaneously boosting oil and gas”, Daqing Oilfield has continuously strengthened the exploration and development of deep natural gas resources since the discovery of Xushen gas Field. The volcanic gas reservoir is the main gas producing area of Songliao Basin. Through “internal excavation and external expansion”, natural gas production has maintained a trend of growth for 12 consecutive years. However, due to the development of fractures and bottom water in volcanic gas reservoir, the development contradiction caused by gas well water is increasingly prominent as the gas field development enters the end of stable production stage. Therefore, on the basis of the understanding of four types of effluent water in volcanic rock reservoir, this paper carries out the analysis of the production dynamic characteristics of typical gas wells, and identifies the difficulties faced by gas wells with different types of effluent water. Through field tests, economic and feasible treatment measures are explored, including continuous circulation gas lift of strong water breakthrough gas well in fracture vertical direction, intelligent foam drainage gas production of weak water breakthrough gas well in fracture vertical direction, and deep water unlocking of gas well in pore vertical water cone and gas reservoir with high water saturation gas reservoir effluent water, which provides technical support for the sustainable and efficient development of volcanic gas reservoir.
Lithology and Lithofacies Characteristics of Deeply Buried Clastic Reservoirs in Alternating Wet-arid Climate and its Hydrocarbon Significance
Authors: Li Jian-ping , Qiu Zi-ying , Li Hong-yi 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
There have been series of HPHT (high temperature and high pressure) reservoirs with good quality and high productivity discovered in the Triassic Skagerrak Formation in the Central Graben of the UK North Sea. The bottlenecks for further E&P activity are the complicated depositional facies and high reservoir heterogeneity. The main reservoir space is a mixed porosity network composed of primary pores, micro-pores, secondary pores, secondary micro-pores and micro-fractures. Reservoirs of the Skagerrak Formation have greatly varied lateral connectivity as well as poor vertical connectivity. In the case of sufficiently high pressure differentials, hydrocarbon can be fed from high-potential area to low-potential area. There is no simple linear relationship between depth and reservoir quality. The primary depositional texture (grain size/sorting/clay content, etc.) linked to facies has a fundamental control on reservoir quality. Clean and well sorted cross laminated sandstone has the best reservoir quality, while the reservoir quality of planar laminated sandstone decreased due to increased degree of compaction caused by mica drapes. The reservoir quality of the fine-grained ripple cross laminated sandstone is even poorer than that of the planar laminated sandstone, due to abundant mica and clay drapes. Mottled bioturbated sandstone is fine grained with high clay content, which is more muddy because of containing burrows and insect larva. Pedoturbated sandstone has the poorest reservoir quality due to severe dolomite cementation. The dominant detrital material of the Skagerrak Formation is feldspar that provides abundant secondary porosity by alteration and dissolution. Chlorite coats are commonly developed and stained with residual oil or bitumen, which clearly inhibits quartz cementation and feldspar overgrowth. The presence of these clay coats contributes to the preservation of anomalously high porosity at depth in the cleaner and coarser grained fluvial channel facies. The Skagerrak formation facies is a dryland fluvial-lacustrine depositional system which is controlled by fluctuations of depositional base level due to salt mobilisation. The Skagerrak formation consists of several cycles that are vertically separated by lacustrine mudstone. The reservoir permeability system is composed of active fluvial channel sandstones, terminal splay sandstones, abandoned fluvial channel sandstones, minor channel sandstones connecting fluvial channel and terminal splay, as well as low-permeability faults, while the active fluvial channel sandstone is the “sweet spot”. The analysis of controls on deeply buried reservoir quality is significant to precisely predict “sweet spot” in the Skagerrak Formation.
Ni/ZnO@ZSM-5 Reaction Adsorption Desulfurization Catalyst for Octane Number Improvement
Authors: Guan Ze-kun , Zhang Yu , Zhao Ting , Liu Yun-qi 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Reaction adsorption desulfurization technology is one of the main means of gasoline desulfurization. In this work, ZnO nanoparticles were prepared by pyrolytic oxidation using ZIF-8 as precursor. ZnO spheres with particle size of 5 nm can be formed after the pyrolysis of Zif-8. Ni/ZnO5nm prepared by equal volume impregnation method can achieve 99.2% desulfurization rate at 390°C, which has more excellent desulfurization performance compared to Ni/ZnO100nm. Ni/ZnO@ZSM-5 was synthesized by in-situ growth-pyrolysis oxidation-equal volume impregnation method. In the reaction adsorption desulfurization process of FCC gasoline, the desulfurization rate reached 99.5%, and the aromatic content in the product increased by 10.7 percentage points, showing excellent octane number improvement. This work provides new ideas for the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles as well as novel reactive adsorbent desulfurizers, and promotes the development of S-Zorb process.
Effect Analysis of Demagnetization of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor for Electric Drilling Tool on Air-gap Flux Density
Authors: Zhang Qing-xue , Cui Jun-guo , Xiao Wen-sheng , Mei Lian-peng , Tan Li-ping 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Electric drilling tools have been developed in the field of drilling because of their high efficiency. As the core component of electric drilling tool, permanent magnet synchronous motor(PMSM) provides power for drilling tool. However, in the process of drilling, the permanent magnet of PMSM will appear demagnetization.The value of air-gap flux density affects the performance and efficiency of the motor directly. Demagnetization faults are divided into uniform demagnetization and local demagnetization.In order to study the influence of demagnetization of PMSM on the air-gap flux density, mechanism of permanent magnet is analyzed Firstly, and then establishing numerical model with analytical method. Finally, simulation motor demagnetization using finite element method(FEM) based on Maxwell. No-load and load operating state are analyzed under the two fault modes are considered in this paper, and compared with the healthy state of the motor. The analytical results show that when the demagnetization fault occurs in the motor permanent magnet, the air-gap flux density will decrease accordingly.The FEM method results show that with the increase of uniform demagnetization rate, the flux density of the air-gap almost decreases in proportion to the increase of demagnetization rate. The demagnetization of single pole permanent magnet has little effect on the magnetic density of the nearby permanent magnet, but it will lead to the imbalance of the whole electromagnetic field of the motor. The air-gap flux density can be used as a characteristic index to judge the fault of demagnetization.
Development of Predictive Model for Wax Formation in Deep-water Pipeline Using Machine learning
Authors: Sultana Farhana , Abdallah Elhassan Mostafa , Dong Shaohua , Mukhtar Yasir M. F. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Wax deposition in deep sea pipelines can affect oil and gas production. It happens when the pipeline temperature drops below the wax appearance temperature, causing the wax to solidify and stick to the pipeline walls. This paper discusses the limitations of current models in predicting wax deposition in pipelines and proposes the development of more complex, intelligent models that are accurate, resilient, and adaptable to novel input-output scenarios. It also highlights various methods for preventing wax deposition, including the use of chemical inhibitors and thermal remediation techniques. The paper aims to develop a neural network modeling approach for predicting wax deposition potential in producing reservoirs to prevent accumulation before removal. The parameters that were used are wax molecule concentration gradient at pipe wall, temperature gradient at pipe wall, reported wax deposition rate, the pipe wall shear stress, and crude oil viscosity. The radial basis function neural network (RBFNN), is based on the machine learning technique. RBFNN is a good choice for building a predictive wax deposition rate model because it is highly accurate, robust to noise and outliers, computationally efficient, can model complex nonlinear relationships, suitable for real-time applications and requires less training data. The RBF neural network is constructed using MATLAB. The outcomes and experimental data are consistent with a 1.5 percent relative inaccuracy when compared to prior studies. The R^2 value was 0.9906, R value was 0.9953 and the RMSE value was 0.8598. The RBF neural network-based approach for predicting wax deposition rate was successful.
Differential Diagenesis and Pore Evolution Characteristics of Different Sedimentary Microfacies Reservoirs of Bioclastic Limestone: A Case Study of MB2-MC1 Section in X Oilfield in The Middle East
Authors: Yu Yi-chang , Li Zhi-wei , Shen Bo-heng , Wang Rui-rui , Song Shi-qi , Guo Rui , Li Feng-feng , Wang Jiu-zhou 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In order to clarify the differential diagenesis of different sedimentary microfacies of bioclastic limestone in Cretaceous M Formation in the Middle East and systematically analyze the characteristics of reservoir pore evolution, the data of regional geology, well logging, core, cast thin section, scanning electron microscope, three-dimensional CT and conventional porosity and permeability test are comprehensively used, taking MB2-MC1 section in X oilfield as an example, starting from the diagenesis and pore evolution of bioclastic-arene shoal, the characteristics of diagenesis of each sedimentary microfacies in different environments are analyzed, and the differential diagenesis, pore evolution process and its influence on physical properties are studied. It is showed that the reservoirs of MB2-MC1 section are mainly developed in the ramp shoal and platform margin shoal. The shoal facies can be further subdivided according to the type of bioclastic debris. The sedimentary microfacies determine the original fabric and bioclastic type of M Formation, and then control the diagenetic sequence and strength. Each sedimentary microfacies mainly experiences different degrees of mud crystallization and burrows in seawater environment, dissolution and cementation in atmospheric freshwater environment, compaction, pressure solution and dolomitization in burial environment. High energy microfacies have the characteristics of non-selective dissolution, mainly developing intergranular pores and intergranular dissolved pores. Medium energy microfacies have the characteristics of selective dissolution, mainly developing mould pores and intragranular pores. The medium-low energy microfacies have the characteristics of moderate cementation, moderate compaction and moderate-weak dolomitization, mainly developing intragranular pores and visceral foramen pores. The low energy microfacies have the characteristics of strong cementation, strong compaction and moderate dolomitization, mainly developing micropores, intercrystalline pores and visceral foramen pores, which are non-reservoirs.
Reservoir Analysis for A Low Recovery Factor Mature Reservoir with A Gas Cap and Large Aquifer: A Proposed Coning Correlation
Authors: Yi Xuan , Liu Zhao-ran 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
With the development of reservoir engineering and management, enhanced oil recovery (EOR) techniques are becoming increasingly sophisticated. Generally, the recovery factor (RF) for a conventional reservoir can range from around 10% to 60% after four decades of production, with an average recovery factor of around 35%. While the RF of the NGJ field with high porosity (0.25) and permeability (300 to 600 md) is 6.11% after producing for over 40 years, which is rare in such good reservoir conditions. In this work, some classic techniques and several advanced methods were utilized to investigate the reason behind the low RF for this reservoir.
A dynamic reservoir simulation was constructed on the basis of a statics petrophysical model. Based on the preliminary simulation study, it was found that gas coning is a common problem in the reservoir. Therefore, a concept of coning correlation function (CCF) is proposed, and the procedures for developing the CCF are explained. The critical oil rate was estimated using the Addington correlation and modified through the proposed coning correlation that varies as a function of time. The estimated critical rate through CCF is used to control flowing bottom hole pressure (FBHP) in the prediction scenarios.
A 3D Geological Modeling Method for Grain-size Lithofacies of Tight Sandstone Gas Reservoirs: A Case Study of Xujiahe Formation Gas Reservoir in Sichuan Basin, China
Authors: Shang Xiao-fei , Xiang Yun-fei , Liu Zhong-qun 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Tight sandstone gas reservoir has strong heterogeneity, and it is difficult to control the change of internal storage and permeability properties by simple sedimentary facies. It is necessary to explore a geological modeling method that can more accurately characterize the distribution of high-quality reservoirs. Taking the Xujiahe Formation gas reservoir in Xinchang area, Sichuan Basin, China as an example, this paper introduces the modeling method of three orders: sand-mudstone facies, sedimentary facies and grain-size lithofacies, so as to realize the spatial characterization of high-quality tight sandstone reservoirs with strong heterogeneity. In this technical process, the sand-mudstone model is first established. Based on the sand and mudstone model, four sedimentary types (or sedimentary facies) of distributary channel, channel edge, interdistributary bay and mouth bar are further divided. The sedimentary facies model is constructed by multi-point geostatistical modeling method. The quantitative relationship between sedimentary facies and grain-size lithofacies is linked by using argillaceous content as a “bridge”. The spatial distribution probability of grain-size lithofacies is constrained by the neural network clustering of argillaceous content and natural gamma-ray data in three-dimensional space. By controlling the types, ratios, and boundaries of grain-size lithofacies through sedimentary facies, and combining probabilistic bodies to cooperate with constraints, precise simulation of lithofacies can be achieved. The grain-size lithology lithofacies model established by this method follows the depositional law in space and has more reasonable contact relations between various sand bodies. The anastomosis rate of the model reached 85% with the new drilling test. This paper provides a new modeling idea for quantitative characterization and prediction of high-quality tight sandstone gas reservoirs, and provides a more accurate model basis.
Research on the Suitability of High-Density Leakage Plugging in Offshore High Temperature and High Pressure Wells
Authors: Li Yan-jun , Liu Shu-jie , Yang Jin , Zhao Yu-hang , Xu Yi-long , Zhu Hong , Zhang Xun , Yang Kai-die 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
A large number of fractured formations are developed in the high-temperature and high-pressure formations of the Yingqiong Basin in the South China Sea. During drilling, the risk of lost circulation is ex-tremely high, which will cause complex downhole accidents and seri-ously affect the drilling speed.In order to realize safe and efficient plugging of HPHT Wells, the following studies are carried out in this paper: Firstly, the characteristics of leakage, types of leakage and plug-ging and prevention mechanism of HPHT formation in Yingqiong Ba-sin are clarified based on core and indoor rock mechanics experiments. Secondly, a simulated plugging evaluation device with high tempera-ture resistance of 180 °C and high pressure resistance of 20Mpa was in-vented and applied to accurately evaluate the reservoir leakage behav-ior in Yingqiong Basin. Finally, a series of anti-high temperature plug-ging agents adapted to different loss types are systematically selected for the first time for different formation fracture types and the plugging effect is evaluated. In this study, through mechanism research, device research and development, accurate evaluation, the shaft wall pressure equivalent increased to 0.1g/cm3 without leakage. It provides technical support for the subsequent ultra-high temperature and high pressure stratum with weak leakage and narrow pressure window.
Study on Bionic Self-healing Cement Slurry System
Authors: Zhao Jun , Zheng You-zhi , Yang Jian , Wang Fu-yun , He Yu 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Aiming at the technical problem of gas channing in annulus caused by long-term sealing performance failure of cementing cement ring, based on the technical idea of “prevent before plugging” and from the perspective of chemical bionics, a kind of bionic self-healing cement slurry system of dissolving viscosity was developed. The indoor evaluation results show that the cement stone has excellent physical properties. When the compressive strength is reduced by 15%, the elastic modulus of the cement stone is reduced by 41%, showing good toughness and playing the role of “first prevention”. When the damaged cement stone is excited by hydrocarbon, a kind of soluble gel ester can be formed, and the cement stone skeleton can be re-bonded. Under the condition of methane curing, the recovery rate of compressive strength is 99%, the recovery rate of flexure strength is 58.2%, the recovery rate of gas permeability is 96.4%, and the recovery rate of liquid permeability is 100%, playing the role of “post-plugging”. Therefore, it is concluded that the adhesive dissolving bionic self-healing cement technology can effectively realize the late integrity and realize the long-term sealing integrity after the cement ring is broken through self-healing, which provides a powerful technical support for preventing the abnormal annulus pressure, a hidden danger of oil and gas well production safety.
Synthesis and Characterization of a Cationic Micro-crosslinking Polymer and its Application as a Fluid Loss Reducer in Water-based Drilling Fluids
Authors: Wang Zhong-yi , Sun Jin-sheng , Xie Shui-xiang , Huang Xian-bin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In addition to flat rheology to deal with the wellbore stabilization problem caused by narrow safety density window when drilling deepwater wells, upgrading the mud cake quality by fluid loss reducer and plugging to stabilize the wellbore is also an important measure to deal with this problem. For the existing fluid loss reducers for deepwater water-based drilling fluids, it is difficult to balance the plugging performance. In this study, a cationic micro-crosslinking polymer was synthesized as a fluid loss reducer by reversed-phase emulsion polymerization. N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) and acrylamide (AM) were chosen as the main body of the synthesis to enhance the hydrophilicity of the products. Methacryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (DMC) was selected to provide cationic groups to enhance the residency of the products in the formation. The molecular structure of ENAD was characterized using infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectroscopy (NMR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and the molecular structure of the product was as expected. The thermal stability of ENAD was analyzed by TGA, and the initial thermal decomposition temperature was 283 °C. The filtration effect of ENAD in BF under different media was evaluated. The experimental results show that ENAD can withstand temperature up to 150°C and has good filtration performance. 16h after aging at 150°C, the API filtration loss (FLAPI) is 8.8mL, the sand bed intrusion depth is 4.4cm, the high temperature and high pressure filtration loss (FLHTHP) is 32mL, the high temperature and high pressure filtration loss of plugging 10μm sand disc is 92mL. After comparing with sulfonated asphalt (FT), it is found that ENAD has better filtration performance. It is found that ENAD has better performance in reducing filtration loss. The mode of interaction between ENAD and the formation and its own mechanism of filtration loss reduction were analyzed by zeta potential analysis and SEM. With the increase of ENAD addition, the absolute values of zeta potential of BF before and after aging decreased from 48.7 and 32.1 to 43.3 and 27.1, respectively. ENAD enhances the interaction force with bentonite particles through its own adsorption properties. The strength of the mud cake is further strengthened by thermal deformation properties. It also enhances the force between the polymer and the formation through electrostatic gravitational adsorption, which further enhances the retention capacity of the polymer in the formation. Compared with conventional fluid loss reducers, ENAD has superior filtration effect and can be used as a fluid loss reducer for deepwater water-based drilling fluids.
Exploration and Application of Acoustic Emission Detection Technology in Leakage Detection of the Bottom Plate of Crude Oil Metal Storage Tanks
Authors: Liu Yu-fang , Shi Li-xin , Sa Qi-er , Zhang Tian-ning , Chai Yan-qiang , Si Xiao-feng , Wang Yu-meng , Li Bing -jun 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The use of acoustic emission detection technology can conduct online and non-stop detection and evaluation of crude oil metal storage tanks, achieving the integrity detection and evaluation of storage tanks. In order to explore the applicability of acoustic emission detection technology in the leakage detection of the bottom plate of crude oil metal storage tanks, this project carried out online acoustic emission detection of crude oil metal storage tanks, magnetic flux leakage detection after tank opening and cleaning, and compared and analyzed the results of two detection technologies. The adaptability of online acoustic emission detection technology was analyzed and explored. It was found that acoustic emission technology can qualitatively evaluate the corrosion of tank bottom plates, but cannot accurately locate corrosion defects. For tanks with severe corrosion that require maintenance, it is still necessary to open the tank and use magnetic flux leakage and other detection techniques to determine the location of defects. Through comparative analysis of acoustic emission testing technology and magnetic flux leakage testing technology, the results obtained from acoustic emission testing technology are conservative compared to the actual results. It is recommended to upgrade the evaluation of corrosion degree for the acoustic emission evaluation results of crude oil metal storage tanks.