bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are rabid raccoons (Procyon lotor) ready for the rapture? Determining the geographic origin of rabies virus‐infected raccoons using RADcapture and microhaplotypes
Authors: Hopken Matthew W. , Piaggio Antoinette J. , Abdo Zaid , Chipman Richard B. , Mankowski Clara P. , Nelson Kathleen M. , Hilton Mikaela Samsel , Thurber Christine , Tsuchiya Mirian T. N. , Maldonado Jesús E. , Gilbert Amy T. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractNorth America is recognized for the exceptional richness of rabies virus (RV) wildlife reservoir species. Management of RV is accomplished through vaccination targeting mesocarnivore reservoir populations, such as the raccoon (Procyon lotor) in Eastern North America. Raccoons are a common generalist species, and populations may reach high densities in developed areas, which can result in contact with humans and pets with potential exposures to the raccoon variant of RV throughout the eastern United States. Understanding the spatial movement of RV by raccoon populations is important for monitoring and refining strategies supporting the landscape‐level control and local elimination of this lethal zoonosis. We developed a high‐throughput genotyping panel for raccoons based on hundreds of microhaplotypes to identify population structure and genetic diversity relevant to rabies management programs. Throughout the eastern United States, we identified hierarchical population genetic structure with clusters that were connected through isolation‐by‐distance. We also illustrate that this genotyping approach can be used to support real‐time management priorities by identifying the geographic origin of a rabid raccoon that was collected in an area of the United States that had been raccoon RV‐free for 8 years. The results from this study and the utility of the microhaplotype panel and genotyping method will provide managers with information on raccoon ecology that can be incorporated into future management decisions.
Obesity and obesity‐associated metabolic disease conditions in Connemara ponies in Ireland
Authors: Al‐Ansari Ahmed Saleh , Golding Emma , Walshe Nicola , Mooney Carmel T. , Duggan Vivienne 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundEquine obesity combined with insulin dysregulation (ID) is a major risk factor associated with laminitis. Some pony breeds appear to be at increased risk. However, little is known regarding the prevalence of obesity or hyperinsulinaemia as evidence of ID in Irish ponies.ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence of obesity and associated endocrine/metabolic disease conditions in Connemara ponies and to determine if hyperinsulinaemia in these ponies could be predicted by morphometric or metabolic markers.Study designCross‐sectional study.MethodsThe study population included registered Connemara ponies recruited through public and veterinary social media posts. Ponies underwent a physical examination and information on their management and clinical history was obtained via owner questionnaire. The body condition score (BCS) was measured using the Henneke system; cresty neck score (CNS) and regionalised adiposity were also assessed. Hyperinsulinaemia was confirmed by measuring serum basal insulin concentration (BIC) or insulin concentration after an oral sugar test (OST). Blood glucose and triglyceride concentrations were measured. Characteristics of hyperinsulinaemic and insulin‐sensitive ponies were compared by logistic regression.ResultsTwo hundred ponies were included; 59 ponies (29.5%) had a BCS ≥7, 58 (29.0%) had a CNS ≥2.5 and 135 (67.5%) had regionalised adiposity; 137 (68.5%) ponies had at least one of these abnormalities. Owner‐reported history or clinical evidence of chronic laminitis was found in 92 ponies (46.0%). Hyperinsulinaemia was confirmed in 32 ponies (16.0%), including 23 of 91 (25.3%) detected by OST and 9 of 109 (8.3%) by BIC. Hypertriglyceridaemia was observed in 12 of 198 ponies (6.1%) ponies and hyperglycaemia in 11 of 197 ponies (5.6%) ponies. The odds of hyperinsulinaemia increased by a factor of 6.53 (95% confidence interval: 2.95, 15.21) when BCS was ≥7.Main limitationsThe OST was not performed in all ponies.ConclusionsIncreased adiposity, laminitis and metabolic derangements are prevalent in this native Irish pony breed.
“Listen to me!” The role of family supervision and parental phubbing in youth cyberbullying
Authors: Elboj‐Saso Carmen , Íñiguez‐Berrozpe Tatiana , Cebollero Salinas Ana , Bautista Alcaine Pablo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundTo mitigate or prevent the effects of cyberbullying, adolescents are primarily influenced by how they have been educated and supervised at home in the use of technology.ObjectiveOur main objective was to examine the association of parental phubbing and family supervision of Internet and social networks use with cyberbullying victimization and aggression.MethodA survey was conducted to examine these factors in a sample of 1,554 students aged 10 to 18 years in the Aragon region of Spain.ResultsFamily supervision is a protective factor against becoming an aggressor or a victim of cyberbullying. Aggressor and victim roles correlate with higher levels of parental phubbing. Multigroup analysis applying structural equation modeling by age and gender revealed certain differences. Gender differences were found with parental phubbing associated with boys' likelihood of being aggressors. Although family supervision protected both boys and girls, there was a stronger association for girls' parents. Fewer differences were observed for age group.ConclusionThis study found strong relation between cyberbullying, family supervision, and parental phubbing. Our findings also suggest that cyberbullying prevention strategies need to differ depending on whether they are applied to girls or boys.ImplicationsThe importance of model behavior for minors to follow in their optimal use of information and communication technologies and family supervision of smartphone use should be placed at the center of cyberbullying prevention strategies.
Effect of microstructure on low cycle fatigue behavior of Inconel 706 at 650°C
Authors: Lee Junmin , Kim Kwangyeon , Kim Jung Gi , Kim Sangshik 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFour different types of specimens were prepared from the center and the periphery of two large IN706 forged discs of commercial scale, and low cycle fatigue (LCF) tests were conducted at 650°C.The IN706 specimens with lower LCF lives showed relatively large fraction of cleavage‐like fracture along linearly aligned η (Ni3Ti) precipitates in the area of crack propagation. The amount of η precipitates for those specimens with greater LCF lives was negligible, and the fracture mode of crack propagation was dominantly intergranular. Crack initiation was mainly by persistent slip band (PSB) cracking at the surface, and no notable difference was found for each specimen. The correlation between tensile properties, grain size, and LCF lives of IN706 at 650°C appeared to be not as significant as expected.
Fatigue evolution prediction for fiber‐reinforced plastics based on frequency‐wavenumber wavefield of guided wave using deep‐learning model
Authors: Huang Yuxiang , Zhang Chao , Tao Chongcong , Ji Hongli , Qiu Jinhao 
Published: November 2023

AbstractEmploying the laser ultrasonic system, information on fatigue evolution can be captured and explicitly stored in the frequency‐wavenumber wavefield of the guided wave. This paper presents a deep‐learning architecture for processing the frequency‐wavenumber wavefield, which comprises two distinct steps: fatigue characterization and evolution prediction. Firstly, the fatigue characterization step employs a convolutional autoencoder (CAE) for compressing the frequency‐wavenumber wavefield and a fully connected network (FCN) for obtaining the fusion fatigue characteristic. Due to the high cost of experimental samples, extensive simulation‐generated wavefields are used to pre‐train the network. Subsequently, the fatigue evolution prediction model based on the latent ordinary differential equation (Latent‐ODE) is trained for the step‐by‐step prediction of fatigue evolution with a small amount of composite fatigue test data. The results validate the effectiveness of the deep‐learning architecture in characterizing fatigue and predicting its evolution, as well as the feasibility of the frequency‐wavenumber wavefield compression of guided wave.
Contrasting morphology and growth habits of Frutexites in Late Devonian reef complexes of the Canning Basin, northwestern Australia
Authors: Champenois France , George Annette D. , McNamara Kenneth J. , Shaw Jeremy , Cherdantseva Maria 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFrutexites‐like microstructures are described from the exhumed Late Devonian reef complexes of the northern Canning Basin, Western Australia. Several high‐resolution imaging techniques, including X‐ray microcomputerised tomography, scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray fluorescence microscopy, were used to investigate morphology and composition in two samples. Three types of Frutexites‐like microstructures (Types I–III) have been identified. Type I, found lining an early marine cement‐filled cavity in fore‐reef grainstone facies, consists of dendritic structures formed primarily of coccoid bacteria with filamentous bacteria embedded in sheets of amorphous extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). These ferromanganiferous dendrites have laminated to spheroidal textures. Types II and III are from a toe‐of‐slope hardground. Type II grew in a crypt between two corals, is also dendritic and composed of bacilliform and filamentous bacteria embedded in an amorphous EPS sheet. The opaqueness of these ferriferous dendrites precludes more detailed description of textures. Type III grew as branching columnar microstromatolites and is composed of entwined filaments of Girvanella, Rothpletzella and Wetheredella with Fe‐enriched outer walls that generate Frutexites‐like microstructures. Types I and II resemble Frutexites sensu stricto as defined by Maslov (Stromatolites, Trudy Instituta geologicheskikh nauk Akademiya nauk SSR, 1960) and are the result of the consecutive growth and permineralisation of biofilms composed of mixed bacterial communities growing in cryptic habitats. Type III superficially resembles Frutexites sensu stricto based on macroscopic field observations, however, detailed microscopic analysis reveals that it is composed of Fe‐enriched tubular walls surrounded by Mn‐enriched calcite.
Neither multilevel governance nor battleground. Understanding the politics of immigrant integration in small and medium European localities
Authors: Caponio Tiziana , Pettrachin Andrea 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis article explores the link between migration governance and politics in small and medium‐sized localities (SMsLs), asking: what modes of immigrant integration governance emerge in SMsLs?; how are these modes of governance shaped by political factors such as local governments' (LGs) political affiliation, the presence/absence of radical right parties (RPPs) in local councils and the political affiliation of governments at higher levels? To answer these questions, we selected 26 European SMsLs across seven EU countries and applied a mixed‐method design combining social network analysis and qualitative content analysis. We find that political dynamics decisively shape integration governance in SMsLs. Centre‐left LGs have more frequent and collaborative relations with nonpublic actors, especially when RRPs hold seat in local councils and support regional/national governments. Centre‐right LGs usually disengage from integration governance or, when facing strong RRPs, develop strategies to maintain control on issues perceived as highly salient. Vertical relations are either conflictual or absent in all SMsLs.
Vonoprazan‐amoxicillin dual therapy versus bismuth‐containing quadruple therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhou Ben‐Gang , Jiang Xin , Ding Yan‐Bing , She Qiang , Li Yao‐Yao 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveRecently, vonoprazan‐amoxicillin (VA) dual therapy has been reported as a promising approach for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication. However, the effects of VA therapy versus bismuth‐containing quadruple therapy (BQT) on H. pylori eradication remains unclear. The objective of this meta‐analysis was to compare the effects of VA dual therapy with BQT for H. pylori eradication.MethodsA comprehensive search of the literature was conducted from the beginning to September 2023, utilizing PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library and Web of Science database. A random‐effects model was used to perform a meta‐analysis to determine the pooled relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Moreover, trial sequential analysis (TSA) was conducted to evaluate the conclusiveness of the H. pylori eradication rate.ResultsSix randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with 1233 patients were included. The VA therapy has similar eradication rate (ITT analysis: 87% vs. 85.7%, RR = 1.01, 95% CI: 0.93–1.09, p = 0.84; PP analysis: 92.5% vs. 93.2%, RR = 1.00, 95% CI: 0.94–1.06, p = 0.97) and compliance (RR = 1.01, 95% CI: 0.99–1.03, p = 0.32) compared to BQT. The VA therapy group had a significantly lower incidence of total adverse events than the BQT group (16.3% vs. 40.0%, RR = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.37–0.55, p < 0.00001). The TSA result showed that the effect was conclusive.ConclusionsCurrent evidence indicated that VA therapy is just as successful as BQT in eliminating H. pylori, yet it has fewer adverse events and similar compliance.
Where is our way? A collaborative autoethnography of overseas‐educated Chinese female PhDs' academic career decision journey
Authors: Liu Yingxin , Li Xin , Chen Lilan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractGiven the intricate and competitive global academic landscape and Chinese female PhDs' critical situation of being marginalized and otherized, this study aims to examine the academic career decision‐making experiences of three unmarried and childless Chinese female PhD graduates. Collaborative autoethnography is employed to delve into the three authors' experiences and reflections regarding the influential factors impacting their job‐seeking and decision‐making process as recent graduates, who earned their PhD degrees in 2022 from three popular destinations for international students in East Asia, namely Hong Kong, South Korea and Japan. Research findings indicate that various contextual and individual factors have shaped the authors' decision‐making and diverse career options were adopted to strike a ‘happy medium’ between long‐term career aspirations and increased competition for academic positions. This study provides implications for policymakers and university administrators to attract highly skilled female international professionals and overseas‐educated Chinese female PhDs considering a professional career in academia.
Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma of the breast harbours TRPS1 expressions and PIK3CA alterations
Authors: Chen Wei‐Yu , Hu Yu‐Hsuan , Tsai Yu‐Hsin , Hang Jen‐Fan , Tan Puay Hoon , Chen Chih‐Jung 
Published: November 2023

AimsBreast mucinous cystadenocarcinoma (BMCA) is a rare tumour recently recognised as a distinct entity by the World Health Organisation Tumour Classification Series. BMCA is a triple‐negative tumour that lacks specific immunohistochemical markers; therefore, distinguishing it from mimickers such as ovarian and pancreatic cystadenocarcinomas requires careful clinicopathological correlation. Due to its rarity, little is known about the molecular alterations that underlie BMCA.Methods and resultsIn this study, we used immunohistochemical staining methods to investigate TRPS1 (trichorhinophalangeal syndrome type 1) expression in BMCA and compare it to expression in ovarian and pancreatic mucinous cystadenocarcinomas. We also collected tumour samples from three BMCA patients for molecular analysis by MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry, real‐time polymerase chain reaction, whole exome sequencing and fluorescence in‐situ hybridisation. TRPS1 immunoreactivity was found only in BMCA tumour cells and not in the ovarian and pancreatic counterparts. One of the three BMCA tumours also showed a PIK3CA hot‐spot mutation, which was confirmed by whole genome next‐generation sequencing (NGS). No KRAS, NRAS, BRAF or AKT mutations were found.ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of TRPS1 expression in BMCA patients and the first identification of a PIK3CA hotspot mutation in these tumours. These findings provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying BMCA tumorigenesis and suggest a potential drug target for this rare and poorly understood cancer.
The effect of ultrasonic and multisonic irrigation on root canal microbial communities: An ex vivo study
Authors: Park Ki Hong , Ordinola‐Zapata Ronald , Noblett W. Craig , Lima Bruno P. , Staley Christopher 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAimTo analyse the effect of ultrasonic irrigant activation (UIA) and the GentleWave (GW) multisonic irrigation (GW) with minimal instrumentation on the root canal microbial diversity in an ex vivo model that used extracted molars with a history of pulp necrosis.MethodologyTwenty‐three mandibular molars were prepared ex vivo for collection of superficial (surface control), pre‐treatment and post‐treatment samples 24 h after extraction. Samples were divided into two groups: UIA using 6% NaOCl (n = 11) and GW group (n = 12). All samples were processed using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and 16S rRNA next‐generation sequencing to measure microbial diversity before and after the antimicrobial treatment. For qPCR, a t‐test (α = .05) was used to compare the log10 reduction. The Chao1 and Shannon indices evaluated alpha diversity. Differences in community composition (beta diversity) were evaluated by analysis of similarity (ANOSIM). Kruskal–Wallis test with Bonferroni corrections was performed to evaluate the differences in abundances genera in the samples.ResultsQuantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction revealed an estimated 1.6 and 2.6 log10 reduction for UIA and GW groups respectively (p = .048). An average of 5 ± 4 and 3 ± 5 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were found in surface's samples in the UIA and GW group respectively. These values were significantly lower (p < .001) compared to the number of preoperative OTUs in those groups (155 ± 79 and 187 ± 121). In assessing beta diversity, there were no significant differences found in pre‐treatment samples (R = .090, p = .070 ANOSIM with Bonferroni corrections). Also, no significant differences in community composition were observed in post‐treatment samples (R = −.05, p = .829). After treatment, there was a significant reduction of Eubacterium using conventional treatment with UIA and a significant reduction of Prevotella using minimal instrumentation with GW irrigation (p = .007 and p = .002 respectively).ConclusionQuantitative PCR analysis revealed a significant reduction in microbial load for GW group. Overall, diversity changes were similar between UIA and GW irrigation in this ex vivo model that used extracted teeth with a history of pulp necrosis. OTUs obtained from the surface sample were negligible and did not affect the statistical outcome of the study.
Drug survival of biologics and non‐biologics in patients affected by palmoplantar psoriasis: a “real‐world”, mono‐center experience
Authors: Caldarola Giacomo , Falco Gennaro Marco , Calabrese Laura , D'Amore Alessandra , Chiricozzi Andrea , Mariani Marco , Palmisano Gerardo , De Simone Clara , Peris Ketty 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundData on the treatment of palmoplantar psoriasis (PP) are very limited as these patients are often excluded from clinical trials. Moreover, this form of psoriasis is often resistant to treatment, making its clinical management complex.MethodsPrimary endpoint was to evaluate the clinical and demographic characteristics and the drug survival of both biological and non‐biological drugs in a population affected by PP. Secondary endpoint was to highlight any differences between the hyperkeratotic and pustular variant. We analyzed data from 233 psoriasis patients with palmoplantar involvement, with or without chronic plaque psoriasis. We performed a drug‐survival analysis with the aid of Kaplan‐Meier survival and a multivariate analysis to highlight the influence of certain variables on treatment persistence using a Cox regression model.ResultsThe drug‐survival analysis revealed that biologic drugs compared to non‐biologic drugs are associated with a higher persistence in treatment (59.73 vs. 43.56%); in particular, anti‐IL23 drugs were found to be the drugs with the best drug‐survival overall (67.94% of patients at 60 months are still on these drugs). Furthermore, our multivariate analysis shows that when compared with biological drugs, non‐biological drugs are associated with an increased risk of treatment discontinuation (HR = 1.95 [95% CI: 1.41–2.68], P = 0.001).ConclusionsOur study confirms the difficulty of treating PP and shows that biologic drugs are associated with longer persistence in treatment than non‐biologics in both PP's variants, not because of their higher effectiveness but because of their better safety profile.
Antioxidant peptides obtained from abalone muscle hot water extract during in‐vitro simulated digestion and Caco‐2 cell absorption
Authors: Zhao Yuan , Shi Linfan , Ren Zhongyang , Wei Peixiao , Weng Wuyin 
Published: November 2023

SummaryAfter abalone muscle hot water extract (AHE) was digested in‐vitro, three components (F1, F2, and F3) were separated using the Sephadex G‐15 column, and the antioxidant activity and absorption across Caco‐2 cells were analysed. The result showed that the half‐maximal inhibitory concentrations of F2 for scavenging hydroxyl and ABTS radicals were 0.763 and 0.028 mg mL−1, respectively, which were lower than those of F1 and F3. Moreover, the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity was increased after the F2 was transported through the Caco‐2 cell‐monolayered Transwell chamber. The mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the transported samples contained oligopeptides (Leu‐Tyr, Gly‐Ala‐Ala, and His‐Gly‐Ser‐Ala), and the Leu‐Tyr displayed the highest antioxidant activity and transport rate. Overall, these results suggest that oligopeptides with high antioxidant capacities can be produced from AHE through a combination of in‐vitro digestion and absorption across Caco‐2 cells.