bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Socio-demographic profile of medical students in Aotearoa, New Zealand (2016–2020): a nationwide cross-sectional study
Authors: Bagg Warwick , Curtis Elana , Eggleton Kyle S , Nixon Garry , Bristowe Zoë , Brunton Paul , Hendry Chris , Kool Bridget , Scarf Damian , Shaw Susan , Tukuitonga Collin , Williman Jonathan , Wilson Denise , Crampton Peter 
Published: December 2023

ObjectiveTo determine the socio-demographic profile of all students enrolled to study medicine in Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ).Design and settingObservational, cross-sectional study. Data were sought from the Universities of Auckland and Otago, the two NZ tertiary education institutions providing medical education, for the period 2016–2020 inclusive. These data are a subset of the larger project ‘Mirror on Society’ examining all regulated health professional enrolled students in NZ. Variables of interest: gender, citizenship, ethnicity, rural classification, socioeconomic deprivation, school type and school socioeconomic scores. NZ denominator population data (18–29 years) were sourced from the 2018 census.Participants2858 students were enrolled to study medicine between 2016 and 2020 inclusive.ResultsThere were more women (59.1%) enrolled to study medicine than men (40.9%) and the majority (96.5%) were in the 18–29 years age range. Māori students (rate ratio 0.92; 95% CI 0.84 to 1.0) and Pacific students (rate ratio 0.85; 95% CI 0.73 to 0.98) had lower overall rates of enrolment. For all ethnic groups, irrespective of rural or urban origin, enrolment rates had a nearly log-linear negative relationship with increasing socioeconomic deprivation. Enrolments were lower for students from rural areas compared with those from urban areas (rate ratio 0.53; 95% CI 0.46–0.61). Overall NZ’s medical students do not reflect the diverse communities they will serve, with under-representation of Māori and Pacific students and students who come from low socioeconomic and rural backgrounds.ConclusionsTo meaningfully address these issues, we suggest the following policy changes: universities commit and act to Indigenise institutional ways of knowing and being; selection policies are reviewed to ensure that communities in greatest need of doctors are prioritised for enrolment into medicine (specifically, the impact of low socioeconomic status should be factored into selection decisions); and the government fund more New Zealanders to study medicine.
Cognitive improvement following endovascular embolization in patients with intracranial dural arteriovenous fistula: The Neuropsychology in dural ArterIal Fistula (NAIF) Study
Authors: Gramegna Laura Ludovica , Ortega Gemma , Dinia Lavinia , Aixut Sonia , Rosati Santiago , Vega Pedro , Lüttich Alex , Remollo Sebastian , González Alejandro , Murias Eduardo , Chirife Chaparro Oscar , Moreu Manuel , Requena Manuel , de Dios Lascuevas Marta , Hernandez David , Quintana Manuel , Puig Josep , Rovira Alex , Tomasello Alejandro 
Published: December 2023

Background
Cognitive improvement after endovascular embolization of an intracranial dural arteriovenous fistula (dAVF) remains unexplored. We aim to investigate cognitive changes following endovascular embolization of dAVFs.

Methods
Neuropsychology in dural ArterIal Fistula (NAIF) was a prospective multicentric study including patients with an angiographic diagnosis of dAVF who underwent endovascular embolization over the course of 4 years. A complete neuropsychological evaluation comprising five cognitive domains (attention and executive functions, memory, language, praxis, gnosis) was performed at baseline and 3 months follow-up. Mean Z scores for cognitive tests were compared pre- and post-treatment using paired sample t-tests, where higher Z scores indicate better cognition. Effect sizes were computed as Cohen’s d.

Results
A total of 32 patients (mean age 61.1±15.4 years, 10 (31.3%) females) were included. Patients exhibited improved performance in attention and executive functions: executive functions–attention (+0.282, P=0.009, d=0.29), executive functions–fluencies (+0.283, P=0.029, d=0.4), and executive functions–processing speed (+0.471, P=0.039, d=0.41). There was an increase in memory: verbal learning and verbal delayed recall scores (+0.513, P<0.001, d=0.55, and +0.385, P=0.001, d=0.41, respectively), while verbal recognition parameters (+0.839, P=0.086, d=0.37) and visual memory (delayed recall) (+0.430, P=0.060, d=0.35) displayed trends toward improved performance. Regarding language, there was significant overall improvement (+0.300, P=0.014, d=0.24), but neither praxis nor gnosis changed significantly. These cognitive outcomes were independent of the severity (measured as Cognard classification), and no patient experienced cognitive worsening.

Conclusion
This study suggests that endovascular embolization confers cognitive benefits on dAVF patients undergoing endovascular embolization and may be beneficial even for patients with a low risk of hemorrhage.
Prospects for extra Higgs boson search via $$pp\rightarrow H,A\rightarrow \tau \mu , \tau \tau $$ at the high luminosity Large Hadron Collider
Authors: Hou Wei-Shu , Jain Rishabh , Kao Chung 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe extend heavy Higgs searches at the Large Hadron Collider for $$H \rightarrow \tau \mu $$

H
→
τ
μ

by CMS, and $$H \rightarrow \tau \tau $$

H
→
τ
τ

by ATLAS and CMS, to study discovery prospects of extra Higgs states in $$pp \rightarrow H,A \rightarrow \tau \mu , \tau \tau $$

p
p
→
H
,
A
→
τ
μ
,
τ
τ

with "Equation missing" and "Equation missing" final states, where $$j_{\tau } = \pi \,, \rho \,, a_1$$

j
τ

=
π

,
ρ

,

a
1

and "Equation missing" is missing transverse energy. In a general two Higgs doublet model without $$Z_2$$

Z
2

symmetry, extra Yukawa couplings $$\rho _{\tau \tau }$$

ρ

τ
τ

and $$\rho _{\tau \mu }$$

ρ

τ
μ

can drive $$H,A \rightarrow \tau \tau $$

H
,
A
→
τ
τ

and $$\tau \mu $$

τ
μ

channels at hadron colliders, following gluon–gluon fusion production with extra $$\rho _{tt}$$

ρ

tt

couplings. The light Higgs boson h(125) is found to resemble closely the Standard Model Higgs boson; in the alignment limit of $$\cos \gamma \rightarrow 0$$

cos
γ
→
0

for h–H mixing, flavor changing neutral Higgs couplings such as $$h \rightarrow \tau \mu $$

h
→
τ
μ

are naturally suppressed, but the couplings of the heavier H is optimized by $$\sin \gamma \rightarrow 1$$

sin
γ
→
1

. We define various signal regions for $$H,A \rightarrow \tau \mu $$

H
,
A
→
τ
μ

and $$\tau \tau $$

τ
τ

and evaluate physics backgrounds from dominant processes with realistic acceptance cuts and tagging efficiencies. Two different studies are presented. We first perform a parton level study without any hadronization and with minimal detector smearing. We then include hadronization using PYTHIA 8.2 and fast detector simulation using DELPHES to give event level simulation. Results for $$\sqrt{s}= 13$$

s

=
13

TeV appear promising, which we extend further to $$\sqrt{s} = 14$$

s

=
14

TeV for the High Luminosity LHC.
Molecular Characterization and Phylogenetic Analysis of Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) Strains from Pigs Farmed in Eight European Countries between 2020 and 2022
Authors: De Sabato Luca , Ianiro Giovanni , Alborali Giovanni L. , Kroneman Annelies , Grierson Sylvia S. , Krumova-Valcheva Gergana Lyubomirova , Hakze-van der Honing Renate W. , Johne Reimar , Kolackova Ivana , Kozyra Iwona , Gyurova Eva , Pavoni Enrico , Reisp Katharina , Sassu Elena Lucia , Schilling-Loeffler Katja , Smith Richard Piers , Vasickova Petra , Żmudzki Jacek , Rzeżutka Artur , Di Bartolo Ilaria 
Published: December 2023

In high-income countries, the hepatitis E virus (HEV) is considered an emerging threat causing autochthonous acute hepatitis in humans, with an increased number of reported cases over the last 10 years and related increased burden of chronic hepatitis in immunocompromised and transplant patients. Pigs are the main reservoir of the HEV-3 genotype, which is the most common in Europe, and can be transmitted to humans through the consumption of raw and undercooked pork products. Extensive sequencing revealed the existence of several HEV-3 subtypes in both humans and pigs, confirming a broad heterogeneity of the virus, with some subtypes, such as 3e, 3f, and 3c, which are predominant in Europe. In this study, 291 HEV sequences were obtained from pig feces sampled in more than 74 farms located in Austria, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Germany, Italy, Poland, the United Kingdom, as well as an unknown number of farms in Netherlands. Of the 99 nonidentical sequences (99/291), 90 were assigned to seven established HEV-3 subtypes: 3a, 3c, 3e, 3f, 3g (here named 3g-like), 3i, and 3l (named 3l-like), already described in Europe, while nine sequences of HEV-3 could not be assigned to any existing subtype (here named 3

∗

). The 3e subtype was the most common, detected in six out of eight countries, followed by 3f and 3c, which were also present in several countries; 3g-like, 3i, and 3l-like subtypes showed only a limited circulation. The distribution of frequently (3e, 3f, and 3c) and rarely (3g-like, 3i, and 3l-like) detected HEV-3 subtypes in pigs was correlated with their detection rates in human patients in Europe. The results from this study confirm the wide circulation of several HEV-3 strains in European pigs and confirm that sequencing is needed to monitor the different strains and to identify possible zoonotic transmission paths.
Influence of lithium in neuron-glia interaction in primary hippocampal cell culturing
Authors: Rocha Nicole Kemberly Ribeiro , Rocha Nicole Kemberly Ribeiro , Paula Vanessa de Jesus Rodrigues de 
Published: December 2023

Recently, special attention has been given to the possible neuroprotective effects of lithium, especially by the discovery of its regulatory effects on pro and anti-apoptotic proteins. Lithium substantially increases the cytoprotective proteins expression in the central nervous system, both in rat cortex and in human cells of neuronal origin. In addition to neuroprotective actions, it aids in the regeneration of axons in the central nervous system of mammals. Lithium negatively regulates the expression and activity of enzymes that exert important functions in cerebral homeostasis: synaptic plasticity, neurogenesis, andphosphorylation of tau protein. Microglia is known for its importance in neuropathologies. However, under physiological conditions, such immune cells interact actively with neurons, being able to modulate the fate and functions of the synapses. Such ability of microglial cells suggests the consequences of changes in microglial phenotype under pathological conditions, which makes it relevant to understand the interaction between microglial and other developing brain cells and their influence on the formation of neuronal and synaptic networks. The current work aims to identify the main pathway of neuronal-glia integration activated by chronic treatment with lithium (0.02mM; 0.2mM and 2mM) in hippocampal neurons, exploring the use of bioinformatics tools in microarray data. Treatment of primary hippocampal neurons with lithium changed the genes related to different neuroprotection pathwaysat the highest therapeutic dose (2mM). There was dissociation between the therapeutic and sub therapeutic dose of lithium in neuroprotection. Therefore, treatment at therapeutic doses (2mM) modified different signaling pathways when compared to the sub-therapeutic dose (0.02 and 0.2mM).
Influence of hypercaloric diet on mic: a reflection of human population
Authors: Liboni Túlio Esper , Lima Renato Pierre , Rocha Isabella Versiani Martins , Claro Junior Francisco , Schiozer Wandir Antonio 
Published: December 2023

In recent decades, hypercaloric diets have been associated with obesity, being one of the main public health problems in developed and developing countries. This excessive consumption of hypercaloric foods, associated with sedentary lifestyle and genetic factors, leads to chronic obesity and the deposition of fat in the tissues, leading to metabolic disorders with systemic consequences for the individual. Objectives: To evaluate the influence of the cafeteria diet in the population through an experimental study in rats. Methods: Sprague- Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups: 2 controls (who received common rodent feed) and 2 fed with a cafeteria diet (equivalent to human). The cafeteria diet was introduced from 6 weeks of age, estimated human age (HA) of 7 years, and maintained for at least 11 weeks (sufficient period to analyze a chronic exposure). The variables analyzed were weight, naso- anal length (NAL), Lee index (equivalent to human BMI), fasting glycemia (FG), perigonadal fat (PF) and inguinal fat volume (IFV). Data were analyzed by the ANOVA statistical test and considered significant with p <0.05. Results: Ten rats (Control 1 - C1 and Diet 1 - D1) were analyzed at 17 week-old (HA = 20 year-old) and 8 rats (Control 2 - C2 and Diet 2 - D2) were analyzed at 26 week-old (HA = 32 years). The mean weight at C1 was 250.14g, D1 was 332.65g (p = 0.01), C2 was 263.089g and D2 was 426.76g (p <0.001). Regarding the Lee Index values, groups C1, D1, C2 and D2, respectively, mean values of 303.37; 313.43; 298.12; 332.63 (where p = 0.45 between C1 and D1 and p = 0.002 between C2 and D2). The mean FG score was 76.06 mg/dl (p = 0.26), the mean PGF was 8.21 g (p <0.001 in thecomparison between the control and intervention groups at 2 moments) and the mean IFV was 5.08 ml, with a significant relationship between C1 and D1 (p = 0.007) and C2 and D2 (p = 0.001). Discussion: Preclinical studies generally have as limitation the fact that they do not use a human-like organism. However, its great advantage over clinical studies is the possibility to minimize the biases related to the individual’s genetics and life-style. In this way, this study, mimic in controlled conditions, the hypercaloric feeding in which the human population is submitted. Conclusion: Significant correlations were observed regarding weight and mean fat, comparing the control and diet groups. The cafeteria diet alone was able to induce obesity in rats when exposed to a long period (groups 2). Although there was no increase in glycemic levels among the 4 groups (adult rats still young), the increase in visceral and subcutaneous fat was significant even in very young rats (groups 1).
Realistic simulation as educational strategy on integral care to trauma victims
Authors: Sousa Clarissa Castrighini Macedo de , Soares Daiane de Oliveira , Rangel Júnior William Simões , Bruno Kiane Werneck Assumpção , Pinho Werther Halpern de , Brasil Paula Freire , Freire Marcos Alpoim 
Published: December 2023

Objective: To report the experience of using realistic simulation as way of teaching and training medical students on the polytraumatized care. Methods: The simulation ambience consisted on a scenery with multiple victims in a collision of a car crash versus car versus obstacle. The students performed functions that are compatible with their knowledge (first aid, prehospital care or intrahospitalar care). The realistic scenery was assembled with clinical cases, makeup and appropriate material. For each victim there was a monitor who filled checklists containing the main points that should be addressed by the students.Afterwards a questionnaire was applied to evaluate the learning process. Result: Among the 55 students that participated, 32 answered the questionnaire. 97,75% of them are medical students and 6,25%, nursing students. Concerning the content of the simulation, 53,1% of the students reported they were exposed to new topics and 96,9% believe the simulation helped to fix the content learned during the course. Conclusion: The use of realistic simulation as a teaching methodology provides positive impact, once it is an early insertion on the clinic-surgical practices, diagnostic induction and development of trauma care.
TEP for incarcerated groin hernias
Authors: Carvalho Bárbara Justo , Martines Diego Ramos , Mesquita Gustavo Heluani Antunes de , Pipek Leonardo Zumerkorn , Iuamoto Leandro Ryuchi , Waisberg Daniel Reis , Meyer Alberto 
Published: December 2023

Objective: To verify if endoscopic TEP surgery performed by an experienced surgeon is a feasible procedure to treat incarcerated groin hernia.Methods: This is a retrospective study in which we analyzed data from patients submitted to TEP endoscopic surgery for treatment of incarcerated and non-incarcerated groin hernias. The surgeries were all performed by a single surgeon. We obtained data on gender, age, ASA scores, BMI, hernia site and operating time. The two groups were descriptively analyzed and statistically compared in order to verify how similar the samples were. The operative times were also compared between the groups. The first 65 surgeries were excluded in order to evaluate the hability of an experienced surgeon.Results: 323 surgeries were performed. 32 (9.9%) were cases of incarcerated hernias. In 306 cases (96%), the surgical approach used was TEP, the other 13 cases (4%) were operated by TAPP. All incarcerated hernias were operated by the TEP method. No significant differences on gender, age, hernia site, BMI and ASA score were found between incarcerated and non-incarcerated hernia patients. The operative time was analyzed by site of hernias (left, right and bilateral) and no statistical differences were found between incarcerated and nonincarcerated hernias.Conclusions: 1) There was no significant differences on gender, age, ASA, BMI and site of hernias that could interfere in operative time in both groups. 2) The lack of significant statistical difference on operative time indicate that, for experienced surgeons, the technical difficulty is similar to operate incarcerated and non-incarcerated groin hernias by TEP.Keywords: Herniorraphy; Inguinal hernia; Endoscopy; Learning curve; Operative time.
Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex Does Not Play a Selective Role in Pattern Separation
Authors: Lauzon Claire , Chiasso Daniel , Rabin Jennifer S. , Ciaramelli Elisa , Rosenbaum R. Shayna 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Humans have the capacity to form new memories of events that are, at times, highly similar to events experienced in the past, as well as the capacity to integrate and associate new information within existing knowledge structures. The former process relies on mnemonic discrimination and is believed to depend on hippocampal pattern separation, whereas the latter is believed to depend on generalization signals and conceptual categorization supported by the neocortex. Here, we examine whether and how the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vMPFC) supports discrimination and generalization on a widely used task that was primarily designed to tax hippocampal processes. Ten individuals with lesions to the vMPFC and 46 neurotypical control participants were administered an adapted version of the mnemonic similarity task [Stark, S. M., Yassa, M. A., Lacy, J. W., & Stark, C. E. L. A task to assess behavioral pattern separation (BPS) in humans: Data from healthy aging and mild cognitive impairment. Neuropsychologia, 51, 2442–2449, 2013], which assesses the ability to distinguish previously learned images of everyday objects (targets) from unstudied, highly similar images (lures) and dissimilar images (foils). Relative to controls, vMPFC-lesioned individuals showed intact discrimination of lures from targets but a propensity to mistake studied targets and similar lures for dissimilar foils. This pattern was accompanied by inflated confidence despite low accuracy when responding to similar lures. These findings demonstrate a more general role of the vMPFC in memory retrieval, rather than a specific role in supporting pattern separation.
Separable Representations for Duration and Distance in Virtual Movements
Authors: Gladhill Keri Anne , Robinson Eva Marie , Stanfield-Wiswell Candice , Bader Farah , Wiener Martin 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
To navigate through the environment, humans must be able to measure both the distance traveled in space, and the interval elapsed in time. Yet, how the brain holds both of these metrics simultaneously is less well known. One possibility is that participants measure how far and how long they have traveled relative to a known reference point. To measure this, we had human participants (n = 24) perform a distance estimation task in a virtual environment in which they were cued to attend to either the spatial or temporal interval traveled while responses were measured with multiband fMRI. We observed that both dimensions evoked similar frontoparietal networks, yet with a striking rostrocaudal dissociation between temporal and spatial estimation. Multivariate classifiers trained on each dimension were further able to predict the temporal or spatial interval traveled, with centers of activation within the SMA and retrosplenial cortex for time and space, respectively. Furthermore, a cross-classification approach revealed the right supramarginal gyrus and occipital place area as regions capable of decoding the general magnitude of the traveled distance. Altogether, our findings suggest the brain uses separate systems for tracking spatial and temporal distances, which are combined together along with dimension-nonspecific estimates.
Diverging Behaviors of Simulated Tropical Cyclones in Moderate Vertical Wind Shear
Authors: Yu Chau-Lam , Tang Brian , Fovell Robert G. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
As a follow-on to a previous study that examined the tilt and precession evolution of tropical cyclones (TCs) in a critical shear regime, this study examines the processes leading to the subsequent divergent evolutions in tilt and intensity. The control experiment fails to resume its precession and reintensify, while the perturbed experiments with enhanced upper-level inner-core vorticity resume the precession after a precession hiatus period. In the control experiment, a mesoscale negative absolute vorticity region forms at the upper levels due to tilting in strong downtilt convection. This upper-level, negative-vorticity region is inertially unstable, causing the inward acceleration of upper-level radial inflow. This upper-level inflow subsequently becomes negatively buoyant due to diabatic cooling and descends, bringing midlevel, low equivalent potential temperature (θE) air into the inner-core TC boundary layer, significantly disrupting the low-level TC circulation. Consequently, the disrupted TC vortex in the control is unable to recover. The upper-level negative vorticity region is absent in the perturbed experiments due to weaker downtilt convection, preventing the emergence of the disruptive inner-core downdraft. The weaker downtilt convection is caused by several factors. First, a stronger circulation aloft advects hydrometeors farther downwind, resulting in greater separation of the cooling-driven downdraft from the convective updraft region, and thus weaker dynamically forced lifting at low levels. Second, the mean θE of the low-level air feeding downtilt convection is smaller. Third, there is stronger and deeper adiabatic descent uptilt, causing more low-θE air diluting the downtilt updraft region. These results show how the full vortex structure is important to diverging TC evolutions in moderately sheared environments.