bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
No major effect of dopamine receptor 1/5 antagonist SCH‐23390 on epileptic activity in the Tg2576 mouse model of amyloidosis
Authors: B. Szabo Anna , Sayegh Farès , Gauzin Sèbastien , Lejards Camille , Guiard Bruno , Valton Luc , Verret Laure , Rampon Claire , Dahan Lionel 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe excitation‐inhibition imbalance manifesting as epileptic activities in Alzheimer's disease is gaining more and more attention, and several potentially involved cellular and molecular pathways are currently under investigation. Based on in vitro studies, dopamine D1‐type receptors in the anterior cingulate cortex and the hippocampus have been proposed to participate in this peculiar co‐morbidity in mouse models of amyloidosis. Here, we tested the implication of dopaminergic transmission in vivo in the Tg2576 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease by monitoring epileptic activities via intracranial EEG before and after treatment with dopamine antagonists. Our results show that neither the D1‐like dopamine receptor antagonist SCH23390 nor the D2‐like dopamine receptor antagonist haloperidol reduces the frequency of epileptic activities. While requiring further investigation, our results indicate that on a systemic level, dopamine receptors are not significantly contributing to epilepsy observed in vivo in this mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.
Cognitive outcomes in Susac syndrome: A 2‐year neuropsychological follow‐up study
Authors: Van Vrekhem Tineke , Miatton Marijke , Hemelsoet Dimitri , Van Hijfte Liesbeth , Dekeyser Cathérine , De Zaeytijd Julie , Van Driessche Veroniek , Van Hoecke Helen , Maes Leen , Laureys Guy 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackground and purposeSusac syndrome (SuS) is a rare, autoimmune, neurological disease characterized by a clinical triad of branch retinal artery occlusion, sensorineural hearing loss and encephalopathy. Neuropsychological functioning in SuS is little researched and the prevalence, nature, and evolution over time of cognitive deficits in SuS remain unclear. This study aimed to better understand the long‐term neuropsychological outcomes of patients with SuS.MethodsThirteen patients with SuS (mean [SD] age 39.5 [11.1] years) were enrolled at the Ghent University Hospital by their treating neurologist. The cognitive functioning and emotional well‐being of each patient was evaluated by means of a thorough neuropsychological test battery at baseline and after 2 years. Follow‐up testing after 2 years was performed in 11 patients (mean [SD] age 42.2 [11.5] years).ResultsPatients showed normal neuropsychological test results at a group level, both at baseline and follow‐up testing. Significant improvements over time were found for information processing speed, verbal recognition, and semantic and phonological fluency. Individual test results showed interindividual variability at baseline, with most impairments being in attention, executive functioning and language, which improved after a 2‐year period. In addition, patients reported significantly lower mental and physical well‐being, both at baseline and follow‐up testing.ConclusionsOur results suggest that neuropsychological dysfunction in SuS is limited at a group level and improves over time. Nonetheless, individual test results reveal interindividual variability, making cognitive screening essential. Furthermore, a high psycho‐emotional burden of the disease was reported, for which screening and follow‐up are necessary.
Evolution of confrontation and cooperation in simple organisms as a function of environmental resources and cost of a conflict
Authors: Chassy Philippe , Cole Jon , Brennan Chloe 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe root cause of human conflict needs to be understood but it is currently unknown whether the decision to engage in conflict is an inherited or acquired trait. This article reports two experimental simulations which demonstrate that the level of confrontation in a population of simple organisms can be explained by the evolution of a simulated gene pool. Game theory and evolutionary algorithms were combined in a novel way to examine how six variables influenced the decision to confront in the competition for resources. The main variable was how the genetically determined rate of confrontation evolved as a function of environmental resources and cost of a conflict. The additional modulatory effects of four other variables were also considered in the first round of simulations. Two variables were responsive to the difference between resources and cost. Two other variables were responsive to the organism's health status. Taking a systematic approach, we examined how a population of 1000 organisms were evolving in environments with different levels of reward and punishment. During each cycle, each organism was paired with another organism and thus needed to decide whether to confront or cooperate. We used a genetic algorithm to simulate the evolution of the gene pool over 500 cycles. The first series of simulations demonstrated that the baseline rate of confrontation was very responsive to environmental conditions. Our results also indicate that the decision to confront or cooperate depended not only upon the immediate competitive conditions, in which the organisms evolved, but were also responsive to their own health status. The second series of simulations used zero‐sum games to explore how risk levels varied as a function of the potential cost of engaging in a confrontation. In the second round of simulations, a simple form of memory was implemented. The results indicated that memory had a limited, but significant effect, while the cost of a conflict was highly predictive of the level of risk taken by the organisms. Our two series of simulations show that AI could contribute to answering psychological and societal questions. Our unique combination of techniques has brought to light several new insights into the mechanisms that drive the population towards cooperation and confrontation. The degree of generalizability of our results and future avenues for deepening our understanding of these evolutionary dynamics are discussed.
O‐SCDR: Optimal cluster with attention based shared‐account cross‐domain sequential recommendation using deep reinforcement learning technique
Authors: Nanthini M. , Kumar K. Pradeep Mohan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSequential recommendation involves suggesting subsequent items in a series of user activities. When recommending relevant items to users within the same account, the challenge lies in discerning diverse user behaviours to provide tailored recommendations based on individual preferences and timing. Cross‐domain sequential recommendation (CDSR) focuses on accurately extracting cross‐domain user preferences from both within‐sequence and between‐sequence interactions among items. Current approaches typically concentrate on learning preferences within a single domain using intra‐sequence item interactions, followed by a transfer module for cross‐domain preferences. However, this sequential process and implicit method are constrained by the effectiveness of the transfer module and may overlook inter‐sequence item associations. In this study, we propose an optimal cluster with attention‐based shared‐account cross‐domain sequential recommendation (O‐SCSR) system using deep reinforcement learning techniques. Our approach commences by formulating a modified hummingbird optimization (MHO) algorithm for clustering, effectively identifying latent users who share the same account to enhance the understanding of user interactions within shared‐account scenarios. Additionally, we design a domain filter based on quantum classic deep reinforcement learning (QCDRL), intelligently selecting interactions contributing to O‐SCSR. By quantifying rewards from transferred domain knowledge, the QCDRL‐based filter retains only valuable interactions for the task of SCDR. Finally, we validate the efficacy of our proposed O‐SCDR method using real‐world datasets, namely HVIDEO and HAMAZON. Through simulation results comparing the O‐SCDR system with existing state‐of‐the‐art systems, we demonstrate its effectiveness and legitimacy.
Molecular and mineral responses of corals grown under artificial Calcite Sea conditions
Authors: Conci Nicola , Griesshaber Erika , Rivera‐Vicéns Ramón E. , Schmahl Wolfgang W. , Vargas Sergio , Wörheide Gert 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe formation of skeletal structures composed of different calcium carbonate polymorphs (e.g. aragonite and calcite) appears to be both biologically and environmentally regulated. Among environmental factors influencing aragonite and calcite precipitation, changes in seawater conditions—primarily in the molar ratio of magnesium and calcium during so‐called ‘Calcite’ (mMg:mCa below 2) or ‘Aragonite’ seas (mMg:mCa above 2)—have had profound impacts on the distribution and performance of marine calcifiers throughout Earth's history. Nonetheless, the fossil record shows that some species appear to have counteracted such changes and kept their skeleton polymorph unaltered. Here, the aragonitic octocoral Heliopora coerulea and the aragonitic scleractinian Montipora digitata were exposed to Calcite Sea‐like mMg:mCa with various levels of magnesium and calcium concentration, and changes in both the mineralogy (i.e. CaCO3 polymorph) and gene expression were monitored. Both species maintained aragonite deposition at lower mMg:mCa ratios, while concurrent calcite presence was only detected in M. digitata. Despite a strong variability between independent experimental replicates for both species, the expression for a set of putative calcification‐related genes, including known components of the M. digitata skeleton organic matrix (SkOM), was found to consistently change at lower mMg:mCa. These results support the previously proposed involvements of the SkOM in counteracting decreases in seawater mMg:mCa. Although no consistent expression changes in calcium and magnesium transporters were observed, down‐regulation calcium channels in H. coerulea in one experimental replicate and at an mMg:mCa of 2.5, pointing to a possible active calcium uptake regulation by the corals under altered mMg:mCa.
Catalytic pyrolysis of biomass to produce bio‐oil using layered double hydroxides (LDH)‐derived materials
Authors: Sankaranarayanan Sivashunmugam , Won Wangyun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractOwing to the enormous consumption of petroleum products and their environmental polluting nature, attention has been given to seeking alternative resources for the development of sustainable products. Biomass is a renewable source that can be converted to a variety of fuels and chemicals by different approaches, which are the best replacements for traditional petroleum‐derived products. Pyrolysis is a process in which chemical bonds of biomass macromolecules such as cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, are fractured into small molecular intermediates under high pressure, and results bio‐oil, biochar, and fuel gases as desired products. Of these pyrolysis products, bio‐oil is the primary product that usually contains large amounts of oxygen and nitrogen compounds that hinder its application potential. Catalytic pyrolysis is a beneficial method that is reported to alter the constituents and quality of bio‐oil and to upgrade them for diverse applications. Catalytic hydropyrolysis and copyrolysis of biomass are an alternative approaches to overcome the drawbacks raised toward product formation in the pyrolysis process. Layered double hydroxides (LDH) and their derived forms are well‐known catalytic/catalytic support materials for various chemical reactions due to their superior properties, such as easy preparation, thermal stability, and tuneable acid/base properties. This review summarizes the progress in the utilization of as‐synthesized LDH and their modified forms such as mixed metal oxides and functionalized/composite materials as active catalysts for the pyrolysis of various biomass sources.
Asymmetric patterns in territorial cooperation between core and periphery: The participation of Central and Eastern Europe in transnational and interregional cooperation programmes
Authors: Péti Márton , Salamin Géza , Nemes Zsófia , Pörzse Gábor , Csicsmann László 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe study deals with the issue of core–periphery relations in the European Union, investigating its patterns in relation to the participation of Central and Eastern European (CEE) member states in European Territorial Cooperation (ETC) programmes between 2007 and 2020. Core–periphery patterns do exist in the European space, where besides the North‐Western core (‘Core’), there are two distinct peripheries, CEE and Southern Europe. The peripheral position is reflected in the weak performance of CEE in European‐wide RDI networks subsidised by the EU. On the basis of the KEEP database, the study analyses the signs of core–periphery relations by identifying whether there is asymmetry in the participation of CEE and Core countries in cooperation projects under the transnational (INTERREG B) and interregional (INTERREG C) strands (together, TI) of ETC. The findings of the study show that there is a significant difference in the forms of involvement of actors from North‐Western Europe and CEE in the TI programmes. Actors from CEE countries are very motivated to become involved in TI projects. However, they are significantly underrepresented in lead partner positions, especially in funding. The study's results suggest that participation activity patterns are significantly asymmetric in TI programmes, showing signs of a core–periphery dynamic even in such place‐based, cohesion‐oriented programmes. The consequence is that the articulation of geographic characteristics, special needs and issues associated with CEE is limited as they play a rather adaptive and imitating role in those territorial cooperation programmes that are influential in discourses and policies about territorial development in the European arena.
Impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the number and short‐term outcomes in hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma: Results from the Japanese National Clinical Database, 2018–2021
Authors: Takemura Yusuke , Endo Hideki , Hibi Taizo , Nakano Yutaka , Seishima Ryo , Takeuchi Masashi , Yamamoto Hiroyuki , Maeda Hiromichi , Hanazaki Kazuhiro , Taketomi Akinobu , Kakeji Yoshihiro , Seto Yasuyuki , Ueno Hideki , Mori Masaki , Kitagawa Yuko 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has significantly impacted the allocation of medical resources, including cancer screening, diagnosis, and treatment. We aimed to investigate the effects of the pandemic on morbidity and mortality following hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).MethodsWe identified patients who underwent hepatectomy for HCC between 2018 and 2021 from the Japanese National Clinical Database (NCD). The number of surgical cases, the use of intensive care units, and the incidence of morbidity were assessed. The standardized morbidity / mortality ratio (SMR) was used to evaluate the rates of morbidity (bile leakage and pneumonia) and mortality in each month, which compares the observed incidence to the expected incidence calculated by the NCD's risk calculator.ResultsThe study included a total of 10 647 cases. The number of patients undergoing hepatectomy for HCC gradually decreased. The proportion of patients aged 80 years or older increased and that of cases with T1 stage decreased. The proportion of patients who were admitted to the intensive care unit did not change between the pre‐ and postpandemic period. The mean actual incidence rates of bile leakage, pneumonia, 30‐day mortality, and surgical mortality were 9.2%, 2.3%, 1.4%, and 2.1%, respectively. The SMR for the mortalities and morbidities in each month did not increase mostly throughout the COVID‐19 pandemic.ConclusionsThe present study showed the decreasing number of resected cases for HCC, while the surgical safety for hepatectomy was enough to be maintained by managing medical resources in Japan.
Leveraging historical field notebooks to uncover continental‐scale patterns in the diversity of Australian grasshoppers
Authors: Hossain Md Anwar , Lahoz‐Monfort José J. , Mokany Karel , Kearney Michael R. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
An understanding of how biodiversity is distributed across the broad spatial scales can resolve pure questions about ecological and historical processes and solve applied problems in conservation planning. Invertebrates such as insects make up much of biodiversity yet are rarely a focus in studies of regional‐scale diversity patterns, partly due to data deficiency.
We took advantage of historical field notebooks to investigate the richness and compositional pattern of grasshoppers across a vast area of Australia (Western Australia, 2.6 million km2). We extracted grasshopper occurrence records from historical surveys of 1328 locations spanning 1947 to 1985. We developed generalised dissimilarity models to identify species compositional turnover across families and modelled species richness with regression analyses.
Species composition was most distinct in mesic south‐west, north and north‐west regions and was most uniform through the arid interior region with the exception of the topographically complex Pilbara region. Species richness was highest in the arid interior and north and lowest in the cool and wet south‐west.
The patterns of grasshopper species diversity and endemism were like patterns previously reported for lizards and this may reflect their common independence from water and their phylogenetic bias towards warm environments.
Although high species richness was predicted in the Pilbara region, the area remains underrepresented in the national reserve system, with <10% of its area protected. High levels of short‐range endemism were found in general, with only ~1/4 of short‐range endemics being located in the national reserve system.
Our analyses demonstrate that field notebooks can be a valuable resource for biogeographic analyses and for planning invertebrate conservation.
Development of dairy‐free soybean‐based yoghurt by active dry starter culture from kombucha: an investigation into microencapsulation, curd formation, protein and texture profiles during storage
Authors: Nguyen Nhu‐Ngoc , Do Anh Duy , Phan Van Thach , Nguyen Vinh‐Lam , Tran Minh‐Thoai , Nguyen Quoc‐Duy 
Published: February 2024

SummaryIncreasing demand for the production and use of non‐dairy products has resulted from the rapid increase of vegetarian and lactose‐intolerant populations. In this study, non‐dairy yoghurt was developed from soybeans using microencapsulated starter culture consisting of Levilactobacillus brevis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolated from kombucha based on spray drying and freeze drying techniques using 20% maltodextrin (MD) and gum Arabic‐maltodextrin mixture (GA‐MD) as carriers. Scanning electron microscopy revealed high integrity and effective microbial protection within the carrier matrices, especially for freeze‐dried samples with L. brevis density being in the range of 6.1–6.4 log CFU/g. During 21‐day storage of microcapsules at 4 °C, L. brevis density decreased to 4.4–5.1 log CFU/g for all carriers while GA‐MD was incapable of preserving its viability at 30 °C. Meanwhile, the soybean‐based yoghurt was produced using these four microcapsules as active dry starter culture for the investigation of warm incubation/curd formation and subsequent refrigeration. Regarding warm incubation, in contrast to conventional yoghurt, there was no drop in pH or total acidity over the first 7–8 h of storage, followed by their sudden decline which led to the curd formation in the next hour at pH and total acidity of 5.42–5.75 and 2.29–3.06 g lactic acid/L respectively. Furthermore, GA‐MD samples exhibited more severe syneresis and surface cracks than MD during refrigeration in which the hardness and gumminess of yoghurt increased over time. Electrophoresis results also confirmed the proteolytic activity of lactic acid bacteria and yeast on β‐conglycinin and glycinin fractions of soy proteins.
Turkish nurses' psychological resilience and burnout levels during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A correlational study
Authors: Yildirim Deniz , Şenyuva Emine , Kaya Ender 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimsTo investigate the relationship between the psychological resilience and burnout of nurses caring for COVID‐19 patients and to determine the factors that affect their psychological resilience and burnout.BackgroundIn pandemic diseases such as COVID‐19, nurses experience burnout due to long working hours, decreased quality of life and anxiety/fear about their own/families' health. Psychological resilience helps to control burnout in nurses and prevent the development of a global nurse shortage.DesignThis was a descriptive, correlational study.MethodsThe sample of this study included 201 nurses in a Training and Research Hospital. The study used the Brief Resilience Scale and the Burnout Measure Short Version. Data were collected between 4 May and 1 June 2020. Statistical analysis was made with Pearson/Spearman, independent sample t test, one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test.ResultsNurses reported moderate burnout and psychological resilience, with a negative and highly significant correlation between psychological resilience and burnout levels.ConclusionsIn order to increase the quality of patient care/treatment, nurse managers need to reduce nurses' burnout and increase their psychological resilience. Nurses are recommended to adopt a healthy lifestyle, organize training programmes and implement psychological resilience interventions to prevent sleep disorders. Giving nurses the tools to understand what they need to manage within their locus of control will allow them to find a new sense of resilience, preventing potential burnout.
The respiratory syncytial virus prefusion F protein vaccine attenuates the severity of respiratory syncytial virus‐associated disease in breakthrough infections in adults ≥60 years of age
Authors: Curran Desmond , Matthews Sean , Cabrera Eliazar Sabater , Pérez Silvia Narejos , Breva Lina Pérez , Rämet Mika , Helman Laura , Park Dae Won , Schwarz Tino F. , Melendez Isabel Maria Galan , Schaefer Axel , Roy Nathalie , Stephan Brigitte , Molnar Daniel , Kostanyan Lusine , Powers John H. , Hulstrøm Veronica ,   Members of the AReSVi‐006 Study Group
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a contagious pathogen causing acute respiratory infections (ARIs). Symptoms range from mild upper respiratory tract infections to potentially life‐threatening lower respiratory tract disease (LRTD). In adults ≥60 years old, vaccine efficacy of a candidate vaccine for older adults (RSVPreF3 OA) was 71.7% against RSV‐ARI and 82.6% against RSV‐LRTD (AReSVi‐006/NCT04886596). We present the patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) from the same trial at the end of the first RSV season in the northern hemisphere (April 2022).MethodsIn this phase 3 trial, adults aged ≥60 years were randomized (1:1) to receive one dose of RSVPreF3 OA vaccine or placebo. PROs were assessed using InFLUenza Patient‐Reported Outcome (FLU‐PRO), Short Form‐12 (SF‐12), and EuroQol‐5 Dimension (EQ‐5D) questionnaires. Peak FLU‐PRO Chest/Respiratory scores during the first 7 days from ARI episode onset were compared using a Wilcoxon test. Least squares mean (LSMean) of SF‐12 physical functioning (PF) and EQ‐5D health utility scores were estimated using mixed effects models.ResultsIn the RSVPreF3 OA group (N = 12,466), 27 first RSV‐ARI episodes were observed versus 95 in the Placebo group (N = 12,494). Median peak FLU‐PRO Chest/Respiratory scores were lower in RSVPreF3 OA (1.07) versus Placebo group (1.86); p = 0.0258. LSMean group differences for the PF and EQ‐5D health utility score were 7.00 (95% confidence interval [CI]: −9.86, 23.85; p = 0.4125) and 0.0786 (95% CI: −0.0340, 0.1913; p = 0.1695).ConclusionsThe RSVPreF3 OA vaccine, in addition to preventing infection, attenuated the severity of RSV‐associated symptoms in breakthrough infections, with trends of reduced impact on PF and health utility.