bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic structures of natural populations of three mangrove species, Avicennia marina, Kandelia candel and Lumnitzera racemosa, in Vietnam revealed by maturase sequences of plastid DNA
Authors: KADO TOMOYUKI , FUJIMOTO AKIHIRO , GIANG LE HUONG , TUAN MAISY , HONG PHAN NGUYEN , HARADA KO , TACHIDA HIDENORI 
Published: September 2004

AbstractMangroves are constituent plants of tropical and subtropical intertidal forest communities. In order to assess their genetic variations and understand the contributing factors determining their genetic structures, we investigated sequence variation of the matK (maturase K) region of plastid DNA in three widely distributed species, Avicennia marina, Kandelia candel and Lumnitzera racemosa, taking samples from multiple populations in Vietnam and samples from Okinawa. These three species have different types of seeds/propagules with regard to vivipary, size and other characteristics and are expected to have different migratory potentials. Generally, variation within a population was low, probably reflecting unstable habitats of mangroves. In contrast, we found very different patterns of differentiation between populations of the three species. In A. marina, we recognized three groups of geographic lineages that were moderately separated while in K. candel, two distantly separate geographic lineages were found. No genetic variation was found in the total population of L. racemosa from Okinawa to southern Vietnam. We discuss possible factors, such as properties of propagules, zonation and natural disturbances, that may influence the genetic structures of mangrove species.
Conserving biodiversity of soybean gene pool in the biotechnology era
Authors: LU BAO‐RONG 
Published: September 2004

AbstractCultivated soybean, Glycine max (L) Merrill, is a world's important food crop domesticated about 4000 years ago in China. It is a member of the genus Glycine in the legume family (Fabaceae). The genus Glycine includes about 20 annual and perennial species distributed primarily in Australia and Asia. The annual wild soybean, Glycine soja, is considered as the immediate ancestor of the cultivated soybean, with its diversification center in China, Korea, Japan and the Far East region of Russia. The weedy form, G. gracilis, is the interspecific hybrid and offspring between G. max and G. soja, indicating the close genetic relationships of the three species. The fast development of transgenic biotechnology and the extensive release of genetically modified (GM) soybean varieties into environment have caused a great biosafety concern of transgene escape and its ecologic consequences, particularly its impact on the origin and diversity center of the cultivated and wild soybeans. Therefore, safeguarding and maintenance of the world's heritage of soybean biodiversity under the circumstances of commercial production of GM soybeans has become a very important issue. This paper presents a general knowledge of the origin and diversification, taxonomic background and geographic distribution of soybeans, as well as the biosystematic and evolutionary relationships of species in the Glycine genus, in addition to the possible gene flow between the cultivated soybean and its closest wild relatives (G. soja and G. gracilis). It also considers how to conserve soybean biodiversity in its origin and diversity centers when GM soybean varieties are released into these areas.
Detection of Mycoplasma genitalium, Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma parvum (biovar 1) and Ureaplasma urealyticum (biovar 2) in patients with non‐gonococcal urethritis using polymerase chain reaction‐microtiter plate hybridization
Authors: MAEDA SHIN‐ICHI , DEGUCHI TAKASHI , ISHIKO HIROAKI , MATSUMOTO TETSURO , NAITO SEIJI , KUMON HIROMI , TSUKAMOTO TAIJI , ONODERA SHOUICHI , KAMIDONO SADAO 
Published: September 2004

Abstract Aim: To use polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐microtiter plate hybridization assays to detect Mycoplasma genitalium, Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma parvum (biovar 1) and Ureaplasma urealyticum (biovar 2) in first‐voided urine specimens from patients with non‐gonococcal urethritis (NGU).Methods: A total of 153 male patients with NGU, who visited one of 24 clinics in Japan, were recruited for this study. All were examined using PCR‐microtiter plate hybridization assays for the presence of M. genitalium, M. hominis, U. parvum (biovar 1) and U. urealyticum (biovar 2) in first‐voided urine specimens. They were also examined for the presence of Chlamydia trachomatis.Results: Of these 153 patients, 73 (47.7%) were positive for C. trachomatis. Overall, the prevalence was 17.0% for M. genitalium, 16.3% for U. urealyticum (biovar 2), 7.8% for U. parvum (biovar 1) and 2.6% for M. hominis. In the 80 patients with non‐chlamydial NGU, the prevalence of M. genitalium, U. urealyticum (biovar 2), U. parvum (biovar 1) and M. hominis was 23.8%, 18.8%, 8.8% and 2.6%, respectively.Conclusions: This study shows the prevalence of mycoplasmas and ureaplasmas in NGU in Japan. M. genitalium and U. urealyticum (biovar 2) might be pathogens of NGU and could be associated with persistent and recurrent urethritis. When patients with NGU are treated, such pathogens should be taken into account. This PCR‐microtiter plate hybridization assay provides a useful method for diagnosing NGU caused by M. genitalium and U. urealyticum (biovar 2).
Influence of hot flashes on quality of life in patients with prostate cancer treated with androgen deprivation therapy
Authors: NISHIYAMA TSUTOMU , KANAZAWA SAORI , WATANABE REIKO , TERUNUMA MASAHIRO , TAKAHASHI KOTA 
Published: September 2004

Abstract Background: We surveyed patients with prostate cancer treated with androgen deprivation therapy to examine the influence of hot flashes on quality of life (QOL).Methods: Fifty‐five outpatients with prostate cancer (M0, 39; M1, 16) treated with androgen deprivation therapy (castration, 15; castration and antiandrogen, 40) were enrolled in this study. Mean duration of androgen deprivation therapy was 21 months (2–91 months). The patients were still being treated with androgen deprivation therapy at the time of the survey. The functional assessment of cancer therapy (FACT) was used as a QOL questionnaire for outpatients with prostate cancer treated with androgen deprivation therapy. Hot flash assessments were used to document the number and severity (mild, moderate, and severe) of daily hot flashes. The patients prescribed fluvoxamine maleate were reassessed for hot flashes 2 weeks after the prescription.Results: Thirty‐two of the 55 patients (58.2%) suffered from hot flashes. Hot flashes deteriorated the physical well‐being subscale of QOL in patients with prostate cancer treated with androgen deprivation therapy (P = 0.043). There was a significant relationship between the desire to be treated for hot flashes and the hot flash assessments (P = 0.038). Fluvoxamine maleate was significantly effective in reducing hot flashes (P = 0.001).Conclusions: Hot flashes had adverse effects on the patients’ physical status and deteriorated the patients’ QOL. New treatment options such as fluvoxamine maleate might help simplify the often difficult management of hot flashes in patients with prostate cancer treated with androgen deprivation therapy.
The Ideal Explanatory Text in History: A Plea for Ecumenism
Authors: Førland Tor Egil 
Published: September 2004

ABSTRACTThis article presents Peter Railton's analysis of scientific explanation and discusses its application in historiography. Although Railton thinks covering laws are basic in explanation, his account is far removed from Hempel. The main feature of Railton's account is its ecumenism. The “ideal explanatory text,” a central concept in Railton's analysis, has room for not only causal and intentional, but also structural and functional explanations. The essay shows this by analyzing a number of explanations in history. In Railton's terminology all information that reduces our insecurity as to what the explanandum is due is explanatory. In the “encyclopedic ideal explanatory text,” different kinds of explanation converge in the explanandum from different starting points. By incorporating pragmatic aspects, Railton's account is well suited to show how explanations in historiography can be explanatory despite their lack of covering laws or tendency statements. Railton's account is also dynamic, showing how the explanatory quest is a never‐ending search for better illumination of the ideal explanatory text. Railton's analysis is briefly compared to, and found compatible with, views on explanation presented by David Lewis, C. Behan McCullagh, and R. G. Collingwood. Confronted with Hans‐Georg Gadamer's hermeneutics and Donald Davidson's insistence on the indeterminacy of interpretation, the essay suggests that the objectivity of the ideal explanatory text should be regarded as local, limited to the description under which the action is seen.
Retrograded textures and associated mass transfer: evidence for aqueous fluid action during exhumation of the Qinglongshan eclogite, Southern Sulu ultrahigh pressure metamorphic terrane, eastern China
Authors: Yang T. N. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe Qinglongshan eclogites in the Southern Sulu ultrahigh pressure metamorphic (UHPM) terrane show very different retrograded textures from their counterparts in the Northern Sulu terrane, implying a different thermal history. Scanning electron and optical microscope observations indicate that the peak assemblage of the Qinglongshan eclogite is anhydrous, composed of Grt + OmpI + Rt + (Ky + coesite). These primary minerals were replaced by second and third stage minerals, resulting in symplectite pseudomorphs or coronas. The following relationships are inferred: OmpI → OmpII + Ab + Fe‐oxide symplectite (type I) and Rt → Rt + Ilm intergrowth; and, Ky → Pg, OmpII (+Pl) → Amp (+Pl) symplectite (type II), and Grt → Prg (+Fe‐oxide). Mineral chemistry and mass‐balance demonstrate that the pseudomorphed textures were developed by metasomatism involving dissolution and precipitation intensified by fluids along grain boundaries. The formation of symplectite type I produced Fe, Mg and Na but consumed Ca and Si. The Mg and Fe diffused to garnet where exchange of (Mg, Fe) with Ca of the garnet resulted in compositional zonation with decreased Ca towards the edge of garnet grains where Ca was consumed during symplectite formation. The replacement of kyanite by paragonite consumed the extra Na. In the later stage, fluid infiltration partially transformed symplectite type I to type II, and narrow rims of pargasite resorbed garnet from their boundaries. Mass balance suggests that the transformation and resorption would have been coupled during fluid infiltration. In the latest stage, epidote and quartz were precipitated at very late stage as a result of fluid activity along microfractures. Tentative P–T conditions based on mineral reactions and thermocalc software suggest that the retrograded eclogite did not record the granulite facies retrograde evolution characteristic of eclogites from the Northern Sulu terrane. The difference in retrograde evolution between the Southern and Northern Sulu eclogites suggests a different exhumation history.
Hand‐Assisted Laparoscopic Ovariohysterectomy in the Mare
Authors: Delling Uta , Howard Rick D. , Pleasant R.Scott , Lanz Otto I. 
Published: September 2004

Objective—To develop a minimally invasive, hand‐assisted laparoscopic ovariohysterectomy (HALS‐OHE) technique in the mare and to evaluate safety and any associated complications.Study Design—Experimental study.Animals—Eight, 11–24‐year‐old mares with anatomically normal urogenital tracts.Methods—The surgical technique was developed in 2 non‐survival mares and subsequently evaluated in 6 survival procedures. Food was withheld for 48 hours, then mares were anesthetized and positioned in dorsal recumbency for laparoscopic surgery. A hand access device (Omniport™) was placed followed by 4 laparoscopic portals. Transection of the ovarian pedicles and broad ligaments was achieved using a combination of a laparoscopic stapling instrument (Endo GIA II), an ultrasonically activated instrument (Harmonic Scalpel®), and endoscopic clips (Endo Clip II ML). The genital tract was exteriorized through the laparotomy, and the uterus transected and sutured in a conventional pattern. Horses were evaluated through postoperative day 14 when a necropsy was performed.Results—Four mares recuperated well after surgery, 1 mare was euthanatized because of bilateral femur fracture during anesthetic recovery, and another developed severe pleuropneumonia. At necropsy all but 1 abdominal incision was healing routinely. One mare had abscessed along the celiotomy incision and developed visceral adhesions. Uncomplicated healing of transected mesovarial, mesometrial, and uterine remnants was observed.Conclusions—Ovariohysterectomy in horses can be accomplished using HALS technique.Clinical Relevance—HALS‐OHE technique represents a minimally invasive and technically feasible alternative for conventional OHE. Careful patient selection and preparation may reduce the complications observed. The HALS technique may be useful in other laparoscopic surgical procedures.
An Animal Model for Interface Tissue Formation in Cemented Hip Replacements
Authors: El‐Warrak Alexander O. , Olmstead Marvin , Apelt Detlef , Deiss Felix , Noetzli Hubert , Zlinsky Kathy , Hilbe Monika , Bertschar‐Wolfsberger Regula , Johnson Ann L. , Auer Joerg , Von Rechenberg Brigitte 
Published: September 2004

Objective— To create a model in sheep for investigation of early changes related to the formation of an interface membrane in hip prosthesis.Study Design— Experimental study.Animals— Twenty‐four female adult Swiss Alpine sheep.Methods— Sheep were divided into 2 groups of 12 for unilateral cemented total hip arthroplasty. In Group I, the prosthesis was fixed with retrograde cement gun injection to achieve a complete cement mantle, whereas in Group II a primary cement mantle defect was produced. Groups I and II were further divided into 2 sub‐groups with study end points of 2 and 8.5 months after surgery. Radiographs were evaluated postoperatively and at euthanasia for migration of the femoral component and bone resorption. Histologic sections were evaluated semiquantitatively for changes in cell types and numbers, and bone reactions; and quantitatively for size of interface membrane and new bone formation.Results— Radiographically, there tended to be an increase in bone resorption and periosteal bone formation throughout the femoral shaft in Group II compared with Group I, but this was only statistically significant at the region of the femoral neck (R5) at both time periods (P<.05). Semiquantitative histologic evaluation revealed significant increases (P<.05) in cellularity, numbers of fibroblasts, giant cells, macrophages, and mononuclear cells, in Group II primarily at 2 months after surgery. This was also true for interface membrane formation and bone remodeling. Quantitative data showed an increased in the size of the interface membrane and area of bone formation at 8.5 months in Group II.Conclusions— The cement defect model offered controlled and repeatable production of an interface membrane. The results suggest that a primary cement mantle defect could be a possible trigger for implant instability, eliciting a cascade of biomechanical and molecular events in bone tissue leading to aseptic loosening.Clinical Relevance— The results show the effect of defects in the cement mantle in promoting interface membrane formation. Long‐term and biochemical studies are required to evaluate the relevance of this interface membrane formation.
Cosmetic Results of a Ventrally Based Advancement Flap for Closure of Total Ear Canal Ablations in 6 Cats: 2002–2003
Authors: Mcnabb Amanda Hillis , Flanders James A. 
Published: September 2004

Objective—To report the outcome of a modified total ear canal ablation (TECA) technique to maintain normal ear carriage in cats.Study Design—Case series.Animals—Six cats with external ear canal disease.Methods—Medical records were reviewed to identify cats in which a modified TECA using a single pedicle advancement flap was used to maintain normal ear carriage. Signalment, histopathologic diagnosis, complications, and outcome were retrieved. Owners were contacted to document long‐term outcome.Results—Modified TECA procedures (7) were performed in 6 cats. Normal ear carriage was present immediately after surgery and was preserved at follow‐up interview. Owners were satisfied with cosmetic appearance. Histopathologic diagnosis of excised ear masses included ceruminous gland adenocarcinoma (2 cats), ceruminous gland adenoma (2 cats, 3 ears), and inflammatory polyp (2 cats).Conclusions—Modification of the TECA skin incision preserved normal ear carriage in all cats. Owners were satisfied with overall outcome and with cosmetic result. Rate and nature of complications were similar to previously published data.Clinical Relevance—A simple modification of the TECA skin incision to create a single pedicle advancement flap maintains normal ear carriage in cats.
Radiographic and Clinical Changes of the Tibial Tuberosity after Tibial Plateau Leveling Osteotomy
Authors: Kergosien David H. , Barnhart Matthew D. , Kees Christopher E. , Danielson Briana G. , Brourman Jeff D. , DeHoff William D. , Schertel Eric R. 
Published: September 2004

Objective— To investigate radiographic changes of the tibial tuberosity after tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) surgery and identify clinical findings and risk factors associated with such changes.Study Design— Retrospective study.Sample Population— Hundred and eighty‐six client‐owned dogs (219 stifles) that had TPLO surgery.Methods— Patient data retrieved included radiographic changes of the tibial tuberosity during re‐examination, age, body weight, whether unilateral or single‐session bilateral surgery had been performed, location of the anti‐rotational pin, approximate tibial tuberosity area, and approximate average tibial tuberosity width.Results— Fracture with resulting caudal displacement of the proximal tibial tuberosity (1.4%; 3 of 219) occurred less frequently than non‐displaced tibial tuberosity fractures (7.3%; 16 of 219). Age, weight, average tibial tuberosity width, location of the anti‐rotational pin, and single session bilateral surgery were identified as risks factors for non‐displaced fracture. Weight divided by the square of the average tibial tuberosity width may be a stronger risk factor than either weight or average tibial tuberosity width alone.Conclusions— Dogs undergoing single session bilateral TPLO surgery are at greater risk for developing non‐displaced tibial tuberosity fractures. The non‐displaced tibial tuberosity fracture does not appear to adversely affect outcome or lead to tibial tuberosity avulsion. Significant risk factors for fracture of the proximal tibial tuberosity with caudal displacement were not identified.Clinical Relevance— Factors including age, weight, tibial tuberosity thickness, and conditions that may enhance strain on the tibial tuberosity, such as single‐session bilateral procedures, may increase risk of fracture.
Transurethral Resection in the Management of Urethral and Prostatic Neoplasia in 6 Dogs
Authors: Liptak Julius M. , Brutscher Stephen P. , Monnet Eric , Dernell William S. , Twedt David C. , Kazmierski Kathy J. , Walter Claudia U. , Mullins Marie N. , Larue Susan M. , Withrow Stephen J. 
Published: September 2004

Objective—To assess cystoscopic transurethral resection (TUR) for the palliative management of dogs with neoplastic infiltration of the urethra.Study Design—Prospective clinical trial.Animals—Six client‐owned dogs.Methods—Cystoscopic examination and electrosurgical TUR were performed in dogs with urination difficulties caused by prostatic or urethral neoplasia. TUR was performed in a retrograde manner in female dogs and antegrade in male dogs via exploratory celiotomy and ventral cystotomy. Cystoscopic examination was used to determine the extent of neoplastic involvement of the urethra. TUR involved piecemeal removal of neoplastic tissue from the urethral lumen using an electrocautery cutting loop. Hemorrhage was controlled with a cystoscopic cauterized roller‐ball. In 2 male dogs, intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT) was used to treat both prostatic neoplasia and the sublumbar lymph node bed. Surgical technique, complications, adjuvant treatment, and outcome were recorded.Results—TUR was performed in 3 male dogs with prostatic carcinoma and 2 female dogs with urethral transitional cell carcinoma (TCC). In 1 female dog, TUR was attempted but not successful because of cystoscope diameter. Iatrogenic urethral perforation occurred during TUR in 3 dogs. In 2 dogs, prolonged exposure to lavage fluid resulted in clinical and biochemical abnormalities consistent with TUR syndrome. Dysuria resolved in 5 dogs within 10 days of TUR. Treatment‐related complications included urinary tract infection and tumor seeding. Local tumor progression and metastasis occurred in all dogs.Conclusions—TUR (in combination with chemotherapy±IORT) resulted in rapid palliation of urination difficulties in male dogs with prostatic carcinoma. In female dogs with urethral TCC, however, electrosurgical TUR cannot be recommended because of a high intra‐ and postoperative complication rate with no improvement in postoperative management compared with historical reports of tube cystostomy.Clinical Relevance—TUR is a novel alternative for the palliation of male dogs with prostatic carcinoma. In female dogs with urethral TCC, electrosurgical TUR does not provide any advantages compared with tube cystostomy.