bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interleukin‐12 Gene Therapy Prevents Establishment of SCC VII Squamous Cell Carcinomas, Inhibits Tumor Growth, and Elicits Long‐term Antitumor Immunity in Syngeneic C3H Mice
Authors: Myers Jeffrey N. , Mank‐Seymour Amy , Zitvogel Laurence , Storkus Walter , Clarke Martha , Johnson Candace S. , Tahara Hideaki , Lotze Michael T. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractInterleukin‐12 (IL‐12) is an immunostimulatory agent with very promising antitumor activity. Using a retroviral expression vector, the authors have successfully transduced the genes encoding the two subunits of murine IL‐12 to the squamous cell carcinoma cell line, SCC VII. Once IL‐12 gene transcription and protein production were successfully verified, IL‐12 expression was found to inhibit the establishment of SCC VII tumors in syngeneic C3H/HeJ mice inoculated with 1 × 106 SCC VII/IL‐12 viable tumor cells. Mice immunized in this manner and rechallenged with parent SCC VII were capable of rejecting tumor up to 40% of the time. Treatment of established SCC VII tumors with irradiated IL‐12‐producing tumors cells led to significant tumor regression in a high percentage of animals.
Hearing Screening in Jamaica
Authors: Lyn Charles , Jadusingh Winston A. , Ashman Hugh , Chen Donald , Abramson Allan , Soutar Iris 
Published: November 2003

AbstractHearing screening is well established in most developed countries, and the data extensively published. However, little information has been presented by the developing, nonwhite populations. A screening study was carried out on 2202 Jamaican children aged 5 to 7 years. This involved tympanometry and puretone audiometry (frequencies of 0.5, 1, and 2 kHz.) Failure was considered to have occurred if a type B or C curve was obtained or if the threshold of hearing was greater than 20 dB. These children were further evaluated by a full ear, nose, and throat examination, inclusive of pneumatic otoscopy, and audiologic testing. The prevalence of hearing impairment was 4.9%. Otitis media with effusion (OME) was present in 1.9%. The prevalence of OME in Jamaica is low when compared with that of the same age‐group in the developed countries.
Acute Sinusitis in the Rabbit Model: Histologic Analysis
Authors: Marks Steven C. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractObjectives:Characterize the histology of the rhinogenic model of sinusitis and compare this with existing models of sinusitis.Study Design:Prospective controlled trial in animals.Methods:New Zealand white rabbits were implanted with a synthetic sponge, which was then impregnated withStreptococcus pneumoniaebacteria. After a specified time the animals were sacrificed, and whole‐mount sectioning of both the infected and noninfected sinuses was performed. The sinuses were carefully examined for evidence of inflammatory changes.Results:This model produced a sinus infection that is characterized by luminal exudates of neutrophils and eosinophils, mucosal infiltration with lymphocytes and plasma cells, and epithelial degeneration. In addition, discrete lymphoid follicles were identified in both the implanted and nonimplanted sides that in the implanted sides appear to hypertrophy and liberate leukocytes into the sinus lumen. Other areas were observed where luminal exudates seem to act on and degrade mucosa that has little or no underlying inflammation. In severely infected sinuses submucosal vacuole formation with overlying granulation tissue was observed.Conclusions:The rhinogenic model of sinusitis demonstrates features typical of other known models of sinusitis. In addition, there appear to be unique features of this model, specifically the identification of discrete lymphoid aggregates, which suggest that this model has the potential to be valuable for the study of the immune response of the sinuses.
Indications for Sinus Surgery: How Appropriate Are the Guidelines?
Authors: Piccirillo Jay F. , Thawley Stanley E. , Haiduk Andrea , Kramper Maggie , Wallace Mark , Hartman James M. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractSinusitis is the most commonly reported chronic disorder in America. More than 75,000 sinus surgical procedures were performed in 1993. Evaluating the appropriateness of procedures is a major focus of health care reform. The American Academy of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery (AAO‐HNS) collaborated with Value Health Sciences, Inc. (VHS) to develop guidelines for the use of sinus surgery. The clinical utility of these guidelines is presented. Patients undergoing sinus surgery at Barnes Hospital in St. Louis, Missouri, between November 1994 and July 1995 were eligible. Relevant patient information was used to prospectively rate surgery on the nine‐point VHS appropriateness scale (1 to 3, inappropriate; 4 to 6, equivocal; 7 to 9, appropriate). Of 55 patients, 37 (67%) had chronic sinusitis, 10 (18%) recurrent sinusitis, five (9%) chronic sinusitis with nasal polyps, and three (6%) sinusitis with moderate to severe asthma; 27 (49%) had previous sinus surgery. Appropriateness ratings ranged from 1 to 9, with nine (16%) procedures rated as inappropriate, 22 (40%) uncertain, and 24 (44%) appropriate. There were no significant differences in the ratings of appropriateness between the group of patients who had undergone previous sinus surgery and the group of patients who had not. Overall, the guidelines were easily applied and clinically pertinent.
Anthrapyrazoles and Interstitial Laser Phototherapy for Experimental Treatment of Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Graeber Ines P. , Paiva Marcos B. , Eshraghi Adrien A. , Suh Michael J. , Castro Dan J. , Saxton Romaine E. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractInterstitial laser therapy (ILT) is an effective palliative treatment for advanced head and neck cancer, but recurrence often is seen at the margin. The objective of the current study was to test combined drug and laser therapy as an experimental approach for improved treatment of human squamous cell carcinoma (SCCA). Human SCCA tumor transplants were grown in nude mice and injected with the photosensitive anthrapyrazole CI‐941 before ILT. Intralesional drug injections alone at levels ranging from 60 to 1200 μg/gm of tumor induced a growth delay at the higher doses, but recurrence was seen in all 35 tumors tested. SCCA tumor transplants injected with 240 μg/gm CI‐941 followed after 4 hours by ILT with the KTP532 laser led to a complete response rate of 72% (21/29) compared with 45% (13/29) for ILT alone. Laser chemotherapy was a significant improvement compared with ILT when partial and complete responses were combined (P< 0.03). The results provide preclinical evidence that laser chemotherapy may become a useful minimally invasive treatment for advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.
Structural Stability of the Rotary Door Myocutaneous Flap
Authors: Papay Frank A. , Eliachar Isaac , Stein Jeannine M. , Sebek Bruce A. , Ramirez Hector M. , Tucker Harvey M. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThis canine study examines the structural stability of extensive laryngotracheal reconstruction with the sternohyoid myocutaneous rotary door flap (RDF) and modifications of the RDF with subdermal collagen and collagen hydroxyapatite matrix. The postre‐construction stability of the RDF and these modifications were tested and compared by measuring immediate postmortem airway stability during application of negative intraluminal pressures. Comparisons between controls and experimental specimens demonstrated that the RDF provides structural stability to secure airway patency under physiologic pressures. Biocompatible matrix adds further structural support in maintenance of the reconstructed lumen. This study validates that the RDF provides adequate rigid support for extensive laryngotracheal reconstruction without the requirement of skeletal support.
Correlation Between Ciliary Beat Frequency and the Structure of Ciliated Epithelia in Pathologic Human Nasal Mucosa
Authors: Joki Susanna , Toskala Elina , Saano Veijo , Nuutinen Juhani 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe structure and function of ciliated epithelium were studied in 44 human nasal mucosa samples using a photoelectric method and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The ciliary beat frequency (CBF) of cases with recurrent or chronic sinusitis was 9.1 ± 5.4 Hz. In eight of the samples (18.2%) no ciliary activity was detected. The amount of ciliated cells, the orientation of cilia, epithelial metaplasia, and secretion were found to be explanatory factors accounting for the decreased ciliary activity. Ciliary disorientation and a lack of ciliated cells in SEM correlated with low ciliary activity. In cases where sinusitis secretion was not seen, the CBF was slower than in cases with mucus or mucopurulent secretion. Sinusitis with disoriented cilia, a loss of ciliated cells, and a lack of mucosal secretion is associated with a decreased CBF. This may lead to impaired mucociliary clearance and increase the risk of recurrent and chronic sinusitis.
Ultrasound‐Guided Interstitial Nd: YAG Laser Treatment of Voluminous Hemangiomas and Vascular Malformations in 92 Patients
Authors: Werner Jochen A. , Lippert Burkard M. , Gottschlich Stefan , Folz Benedikt J. , Fleiner Bernd , Hoeft Steffen , Rudert Heinrich 
Published: November 2003

AbstractIn many cases voluminous vascular anomalies of the head and neck region are still treated with conventional surgery, although neodymium:yttrium‐aluminum‐garnet (Nd:YAG) laser therapy offers a valuable treatment alternative. Ninety‐two patients with voluminous hemangiomas and vascular malformations were treated with interstitial Nd:YAG laser therapy (power density, 1300 to 3300 W/cm2), partly complemented by a noncontact‐mode Nd:YAG laser light application (energy density, 1000 to 2500 J/cm2). The vascular tumors had a diameter of more than 3 cm in at least two dimensions. Treatment was carried out under ultrasound and manual control. Nearly 60% of the patients (n = 55) showed a complete clinical regression. Thirty‐three patients (35.8%) had a partial regression and were satisfied with the treatment outcome. Four patients were treated unsuccessfully with the laser, and three of them subsequently underwent conventional surgery. Only nine of the 92 patients (9.8%) showed cosmetic or functional impairments. The results of this first consecutive series study with a retrospective clinical evaluation of the interstitial Nd:YAG laser therapy of voluminous hemangiomas and vascular malformations in a large patient group demonstrate a high effectiveness of this novel therapy modality.
Reconstruction After Temporal Bone Resection
Authors: Gal Thomas J. , Kerschner Joseph E. , Futran Neal D. , Bartels Loren J. , Farrior Jay B. , Ridley Marion B. , Klotch Douglas W. , Endicott James N. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractReconstruction of soft tissue defects after temporal bone resection can vary from simple closure of the external auditory canal to complex flap coverage of extensive defects. Between 1987 and 1996, 34 patients underwent lateral skull base resections and reconstruction for invasive carcinoma of the temporal bone. Seven underwent sleeve resection and/or radical mastoidectomy. Sleeve resection was managed with tympanoplasty, canalplasty, or obliteration of the external auditory canal (10). There were 24 lateral temporal bone resections and four subtotal temporal bone resections. Larger defects created by lateral and subtotal temporal bone resections required closure with a combination of temporalis flaps and local rotational cutaneous flaps (13). Lower island trapezius flaps (five), free flaps (four), and pectoralis major flaps (two) were also used. Indications and efficacy of each method are discussed, and treatment outcomes are presented.
Influence of Size and Etiology of Glottal Gap in Glottic Incompetence Dysphonia
Authors: Omori Koichi , Slavit David H. , Kacker Ashutosh , Blaugrund Stanley M. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThis study investigates the relationship between glottal gap and vocal function in patients with glottic incompetence dysphonia. Twenty patients with vocal fold paralysis (VFP), 17 patients with vocal fold atrophy (VFA), and five patients with sulcus vocalis (SV) were examined. Glottal gap area at the most closed point of vibration was measured using digitized videostroboscopic images. Glottal gap area was correlated with acoustic and aerodynamic measures of vocal function. Patients with VFP had the largest glottal gaps and had significantly worse vocal function than did the patients with VFA or SV. Regardless of groups, however, where glottal gap size was similar, there was no difference in vocal function. Therefore vocal function was mainly influenced by glottal gap size, not by whether glottic incompetence was the result of VFP, VFA, or SV.
Pediatric Bilateral Facial Paralysis
Authors: Smith Vanessa , Traquina Diana N. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractBilateral facial paralysis is an unusual clinical entity that occurs in less than 1% of patients with facial paralysis. In children bilateral facial paralysis is even more rare, and establishing its etiology can be challenging. Four pediatric patients ranging in age from 3 to 17 years are presented who developed bilateral facial paralysis as a result of acute otitis media, Lyme disease, recurrent central nervous system leukemia, and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. The diagnosis and treatment of pediatric bilateral facial paralysis are reviewed, as well as the pertinent literature.
Imaging Destructive Lesions of the Petrous Apex
Authors: Chang Phillip , Fagan Paul A. , Atlas Marcus D. , Roche James 
Published: November 2003

AbstractCholesterol granuloma and cholesteatoma are the two most common destructive lesions of the petrous apex. Arachnoid cyst is less common. These three expansile lesions are often indistinguishable on clinical grounds. Cholesterol granulomas can be treated effectively through internal drainage into the mastoid cavity or middle ear. Cholesteatomas, however, are managed by more aggressive and complicated removal, which often mandates the sacrifice of hearing. Symptomatic arachnoid cysts are amenable to simple surgical drainage. Therefore, accurate preoperative recognition on computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is important in planning proper treatment. Thirteen cases of destructive lesions of the petrous apex are analyzed. The authors' experience illustrates that the “typical” CT and MRI radiographic features are diagnostic in some cases, but not in all. In this study the pathologic findings have been correlated with the radiologic features on both MRI and CT.
Diagnostic Value of the Preoperative Sestamibi Scan in Intraoperative Localization of Parathyroid Adenomas: A Case Study
Authors: George Elaina F. , Komisar Arnold , Scharf Stephen C. , Ferracci Adrienne , Blaugrund Stanley 
Published: November 2003

AbstractA retrospective chart review of 43 patients who underwent technetium 99m (Tc‐99m) sestamibi scans from June 1995 to January 1997 was performed. Only those who underwent subsequent parathyroid exploration with excision were included in the study. Twenty subjects (13 women and seven men) were included in the study. Ages ranged from 21 to 84 years (mean, 58 years). All patients had laboratory values and clinical findings consistent with primary hyperparathyroidism. Two patients had preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans (one patient with recurrent disease), and one had a preoperative computed tomography (CT) scan. The remaining patients had the sestamibi scan as the only preoperative localization study. There were 18 pathologic diagnoses of parathyroid adenoma and two of parathyroid hyperplasia. Sestamibi failed to correctly identify the location of the parathyroid lesion in two cases. In 18 cases the preoperative sestamibi scan correctly localized the lesion, a predictive value of 90%. We conclude that the Tc‐99m sestamibi scan is an accurate preoperative tool that can be used as a single modality to localize parathyroid adenomas.
Regulators of Proliferation and Apoptosis in Carcinoma of the Larynx
Authors: Whisler Laura C. , Wood Nancy B. , Caldarelli David D. , Hutchinson James C. , Panje William R. , Friedman Michael , Preisler Harvey D. , Leurgans Sue , Nowak Jan , Coon John S. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractExpression of interrelated gene products regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis may be disordered in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the larynx compared with normal squamous mucosa. Certain of these abnormalities, alone or in combination, may be of prognostic significance in low‐stage carcinomas of the larynx. A retrospective study of archival material was made. Expression of the Bcl‐2 family of apoptosis‐related genes (bcl‐2, bcl‐X, mcl‐1, and bax) and the proliferation‐ and apoptosis‐related genes p53 and cyclin D‐1 were determined in 40 low‐T‐stage laryngeal carcinomas and in uvular epithelium from patients without SCC. Among the antiapoptotic members of the Bcl‐2 family, Bcl‐X and Mcl‐1 showed more intense and widespread staining than Bcl‐2 itself in both normal squamous mucosa and SCC. The well‐ordered expression patterns of Bcl‐2‐related proteins found in normal epithelium were lost in SCC, and patterns of expression varied widely among individual tumors. Also, mean expression levels for Bax and cyclin D‐1 were significantly lower than in normal epithelium (P = .036 and P = .009, respectively), whereas expression of p53 was higher in tumors (P = .034). Expression of Bcl‐X and Mcl‐1 was greater in poorly differentiated than in well‐differentiated tumors (P = .014 and P = .031, respectively). No associations were seen between marker expression patterns and clinical outcome in this group of patients. Bcl‐x and Mcl‐1 appear to be the most abundantly expressed antiapoptotic proteins of the Bcl‐2 family in both normal squamous mucosa and SCC of the larynx. Multiple genes regulating proliferation and apoptosis are expressed abnormally in laryngeal SCC compared with normal epithelium. In particular, loss or measurable decrease in expression of the proapoptotic protein Bax in tumors may contribute to the deranged growth control of SCC. Further study is needed to evaluate the prognostic significance of particular patterns of disordered expression of proteins regulating proliferation and apoptosis in SCC of different head and neck sites.
The Cerebellopontine Angle: Does the Translabyrinthine Approach Give Adequate Access?
Authors: Fagan Paul A. , Sheehy John P. , Chang Phillip , Doust Bruce D. , Coakley Darragh , Atlas Marcus D. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractA long‐standing but unfounded criticism of the translabyrinthine approach is the misperception that this approach does not give adequate access to the cerebellopontine angle. Because of what is perceived as limited visualization and operating space within the cerebellopontine angle, some surgeons still believe that the translabyrinthine approach is inappropriate for large acoustic tumors. In this study, the surgical access to the cerebellopontine angle by virtue of the translabyrinthine approach is measured and analyzed. The parameters are compared with those measured for the retrosigmoid approach. This series objectively confirms that the translabyrinthine approach offers the neurotologic surgeon a shorter operative depth to the tumor, via a similar‐sized craniotomy. This permits superior visualization by virtue of a wider angle of surgical access. Such access is achieved with the merit of minimal cerebellar retraction.
Effects of Chronic Electrical Stimulation on Spiral Ganglion Neuron Survival and Size in Deafened Kittens
Authors: Araki Susumu , Kawano Atsushi , Seldon H. Lee , Shepherd Robert K. , Funasaka Sotaro , Clark Graeme M. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractWe have studied spiral ganglion cell (SGC) survival and soma size in neonatally pharmacologically deafened kittens. They were implanted with a four‐electrode array in the left cochlea at 100 to 180 or more days of age. Eight animals were chronically stimulated approximately 1000 hours over approximately 60 days with charge‐balanced, biphasic current pulses; three were unstimulated controls. Using three‐dimensional computer‐aided reconstruction of the cochlea, the SGC position and cross‐sectional area were stored. SGC position was mapped to the organ of Corti by perpendicular projections, starting from the basal end. The basal region of the cochlea was divided into three 4‐mm segments. SGC survival (number per 0.1 mm of the length of the organ of Corti) and soma size for stimulated cochleae were compared statistically with implanted but unstimulated cochleae. There was no evidence of an effect of electrical stimulation on SGC survival under this protocol and with this duration. On the other hand, the cell size on the stimulated side was significantly larger than the control side in the middle segment (4 to 8 mm from the basal end). SGCs undergo a reduction in size after prolonged auditory deprivation; however, these changes may be partially moderated after chronic intracochlear electrical stimulation.
A Prospective Quality of Life Study of Patients With Laryngeal Carcinoma by Tumor Stage and Different Radiation Therapy Schedules
Authors: Hammerlid Eva , Mercke Claes , Sullivan Marianne , Westin Thomas 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThis study was designed to prospectively monitor the quality of life of laryngeal cancer patients, to compare the quality of life of patients with small tumors with that of patients with large tumors, and to test any quality of life difference in patients with small tumors treated with conventional versus hyperfractioned accelerated radiation therapy. Patients having had a laryngectomy within the study year were also analyzed separately. The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Core Questionnaire (QLQ‐C30), the EORTC Head and Neck Module (H&N‐37), and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) scale were administered six times during 1 year. These questionnaires were found to be suitable for measuring laryngeal cancer patients' quality of life longitudinally. The questionnaires were sensitive to differences in quality of life for small versus large tumors and showed that hyperfractioned accelerated radiation therapy was advantageous compared with conventional radiation therapy with respect to quality of life at the 1‐year follow‐up.
Cephalometric Parameters After Multilevel Pharyngeal Surgery for Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Yao Mike , Utley David S. , Terris David J. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractCephalometric studies have shown narrowing in the upper airway at multiple levels in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP), mandibular osteotomy with genioglossus advancement, and hyoid myotomy with advancement address narrowing in the retropalatal and retrolingual regions. In an effort to relate postoperative clinical changes to anatomic changes, cephalometric studies were performed on 44 patients who underwent multilevel pharyngeal surgery (UPPP, genioglossus advancement, hyoid myotomy with advancement). Both preand postoperative radiographs were available for 23 of these patients. The posterior airway space (P = .09), minimal posterior airway space (P = .04), posterior uvular space (P = .06), mandibular plane‐to‐hyoid distance (MP‐H) (P = .06) and central incisor‐to‐tongue base distance (P = .02) all improved after surgery. None of the measurements of the posterior airway were significantly different between responders and nonresponders. The degree of collapse of the palate on modified Müller maneuver was highly correlated with the severity of sleep apnea as measured by the respiratory disturbance index; the collapse of the lateral pharyngeal walls was moderately correlated; and collapse of the base of tongue was not correlated. Cephalometric radiographs may reflect the anatomic changes that result from upper airway surgery for sleep apnea, but these changes are not useful for assessing surgical efficacy. The modified Müller maneuver, however, may represent a more predictive evaluation.