bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On universality of both Bayes codes and Ziv‐Lempel codes for sources which emit data sequence by block unit
Authors: Ishida Takashi , Gotoh Masayuki , Hirasawa Shigeichi 
Published: October 2002

AbstractZiv‐Lempel (ZL) codes and Bayes codes are typical universal codes. An improved algorithm of the ZL code is widely used in compression software. On the other hand, practical use of Bayes codes is difficult due to the large amount of computation needed. However, a realizable algorithm in terms of computation effort has been constructed for the FSMX model group9. In this paper, an information source generating a sequence by word units is assumed as a model that can represent the probabilistic structure of actual data such as text data. The asymptotic compression performance of both codes is analyzed and evaluated for the information source class (information source for the block unit) with a constant (fixed) word length. As a result, it is found that Bayes code cannot directly be universal as a coding algorithm for symbol units. On the other hand, the ZL78 code can be directly universal. Also, a configuration method for the Bayes coding method is given for an information source with a block unit. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 86(1): 58–69, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.10017
Segmentation of ultrasonic images by using locally adaptive filter and wavelet analysis: Detection of superficial peripheral vein by a high‐frequency ultrasonic equipment
Authors: Takemura Atsushi , Ito Masayasu 
Published: October 2002

AbstractUltrasonic diagnostic equipment is widely used, but has many problems such as acquiring noisy images and poorly quantifying the results for diagnosis. Therefore, a great deal of research has addressed the image processing of medical ultrasound images because of the need for automation and quantification of the diagnosis. This research began with the problem of region segmentation that automatically identifies living tissue or focus mass and currently relates to the quantification of tissue region information with the objective of tissue property diagnosis and the automatic diagnosis of 3D images. To achieve this, an accurate contour extraction method must be established. In this research, to achieve accurate region segmentation without losing the contour information in the medical ultrasound diagnostic images, we propose a new method based on an adaptive smoothing filter for suppressing speckle patterns and the 2D Gabor wavelet transform. Then we tried to automatically detect a superficial peripheral vein from an image of the forearm obtained by high‐frequency ultrasonic diagnostic equipment, which is a difficult problem for conventional image analysis techniques. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 86(1): 36–45, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.10026
Aliasing avoidance and reduction of computational complexity in Volterra filters
Authors: Kinoshita Satoshi , Kajikawa Yoshinobu , Nomura Yasuo 
Published: October 2002

AbstractSince a speaker system has nonlinearity, it is necessary to place a nonlinear inverse system in front of the speaker system so that the nonlinear distortion is corrected. However, in realization with DSP, the amount of computation in the Volterra filter used in the nonlinear inverse system is enormous. There exists a region containing aliasing components in the output signal of the Volterra filter. There is a way to band‐limit the input signal in order to avoid aliasing. However, since the sampling frequency is set to twice the Nyquist frequency, an unnecessary band is processed and the efficiency is poor. Hence, in this paper, a configuration is proposed that does not cause aliasing even if the sampling frequency is chosen as the Nyquist frequency in order to reduce the amount of computation in the Volterra filter. Next, an identification method for the speaker system in order to efficiently obtain the Volterra filter used in the proposed configuration is presented. The proposed configuration is applied to the nonlinear inverse system. Finally, the effectiveness of the present method is demonstrated by simulation. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 86(1): 19–26, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.10031
Extraction of fuzzy clusters from weighted graphs
Authors: Hotta Seiji , Inoue Kohei , Urahama Kiichi 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA type of graph spectral method is proposed in which the point ensemble is divided into fuzzy clusters based on a weighted adjoint matrix. In this method, the problem of extracting a fuzzy cluster from a point ensemble is formulated as an eigenvalue problem. This is repetitively applied so that clusters are extracted successively. First, the cluster extraction method based on the similarity matrix is applied to an undirected graph, which is then expanded to a digraph and an undirected bipartite graph, allowing the extraction of the link structure of the web page and image browsing search by keyword. Also, a type of graph drawing method is proposed in which the cluster structure is visualized by using correspondence analysis. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 86(1): 80–88, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.1133
EMTP simulation of SLF interrupting performance for two serially connected arcs with different arc parameters
Authors: Koshizuka Tadashi , Shinkai Takeshi , Nishiwaki Susumu , Yanabu Satoru , Kawaguchi Yoshihiro 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis paper shows the calculation of SLF interrupting performance for two serially connected Mayr‐type arc models with different arc parameters by using EMTP‐ATP Models. Arc model 1, assuming an air circuit breaker, has large arc time constant and large arc power loss. Arc model 2, assuming a vacuum circuit breaker, has small arc time constant and small arc power loss. It was not possible for arc model 1 to interrupt 300 kV‐63 kA‐90% SLF by itself. However, by connecting these arc models in series, interruption became successful, even if arc model 2 was reignited at low voltage a few microseconds after current zero. These computations suggested that serial connection of the two circuit breakers with different breaking characteristics would give a totally excellent circuit breaker by making the best use of advantages of each circuit breaker. EMTP‐ATP Models were very useful in solving the arc models, which are expressed by differential equations and coupled with the electric circuit. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 141(4): 25–33, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10020
Transient characteristics of a tapped‐winding capacitor motor
Authors: Tozune Akira , Takeuchi Toru , Saito Masahiro 
Published: October 2002

AbstractTapped‐winding capacitor motors are widely used for fans in air conditioners as speed adjusting motors. In tapped‐winding capacitor motors, the burnout accidents of phase‐shifting capacitors have been seen on occasion. The cause of such accidents is considered to be the transient capacitor current. In this paper, equations for calculating transient characteristics are derived for three types of tapped‐winding capacitor motors. Based on these equations, transient characteristics are clarified in high‐ and low‐speed winding connections. Further, from the design viewpoint, the effects of the turn ratio and capacitance of the capacitor on the transient characteristics are examined and a procedure for choosing the winding ratio and capacitance of the capacitor is suggested. Using this method, the transient current is shown to decrease by about 40%. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 141(4): 69–77, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10063
A current sensorless drive system of a synchronous motor with a low‐resolution position sensor
Authors: Morimoto Shigeo , Kinoshita Kenji , Takeda Yoji 
Published: October 2002

AbstractHigh‐performance drive of synchronous motors such as a permanent magnet synchronous motor and a synchronous reluctance motor can be achieved by current vector control. In such drive systems, the armature current is controlled as a sinusoidal waveform based on rotor position information from a high‐resolution position sensor, and the current vector (d‐ and q‐axis currents) is suitably controlled by current feedback control.This paper proposes a current sensorless drive system with a low‐resolution position sensor in order to simplify the SM drive system. High‐performance current control is achieved in the proposed drive system, where the current sensors are eliminated and the simulated currents are used for current control. The low‐resolution position sensor is used instead of a conventional high‐resolution position sensor, and the higher position information is estimated. The steady‐state and transient characteristics are examined in several experiments with respect to the synchronous reluctance motor and the interior permanent magnet synchronous motor. It is confirmed that sinusoidal current drive, high‐performance current vector control, and speed control can be achieved by the proposed drive system. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 141(4): 34–43, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10072
Usefulness of a frequency‐hybrid vector control for a sensorless induction motor drive
Authors: Shinnaka Shinji 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis paper examines and demonstrates the usefulness of a frequency‐hybrid vector control scheme for sensorless induction motor drive through actual‐machine‐based performance evaluation tests. The new approach utilizes a new indirect orientation scheme and a stable‐filter‐embedded direct orientation scheme, and exploits their advantages. It is confirmed through extensive tests with small and large standard motors such as 0.3, 3.7, 30 kW and special low‐voltage motors dedicated to electric vehicles that the sensorless vector control scheme has the following potential usefulness: (1) it can make machines that produce more than 200% rated torque at standstill, (2) in both motoring and regenerating modes, the rated torque can be produced even in the very slow speed range, including zero speed and zero frequency, (3) for constant speed, good linearity of torque response is attained, (4) it has the ability to track variable speed acceleration commands up to ±5000 rad/s2in the mechanical frequency sense, (5) it can accept a zero‐speed command and settles the machines to a stable standstill with no vibration, (6) it accepts instant injection of rated load even for zero‐speed control, and (7) it accommodates a load with huge inertia. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 141(4): 44–58, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10073
Thermodynamic and transport properties of argon‐alumina mixture
Authors: Amakawa Tadashi , Iwata Mikimasa , Adachi Kazuo 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe thermodynamic and transport properties of an argon‐alumina mixture were calculated assuming local thermal equilibrium for a temperature range of 4000 to 20,000 K with a pressure of 105 Pa. The main effects of alumina injection into argon are summarized below. Specific enthalpy and specific heat increase due to dissociation of AlO molecules and ionization of Al and O atoms. Electrical conductivity dramatically increases below 15,000 K due to low ionization energy of Al atoms. Thermal conductivity increases below 11,000 K due to dissociation of AlO molecules and of ionization of Al atoms. Viscosity decreases below 14,000 K due to relatively large cross section of Al+ ions. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 141(4): 1–8, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10115
Apoptosis in the thymus after intraperitoneal injection of rats with Trp‐P‐1
Authors: Hashimoto Takashi , Furuyashiki Takashi , Sano Takashi , Kihara Kaori , Fukuda Itsuko , Ito Wakana , Park Pyoyun , Kanazawa Kazuki , Danno Gen‐ichi , Ashida Hitoshi 
Published: October 2002

Abstract3‐Amino‐1,4‐dimethyl‐5H‐pyrido[4,3‐b]indole (Trp‐P‐1), a contaminant in our daily diet, induces apoptosis in cultured immunocytes. In this study, Trp‐P‐1 (1 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally into male Wistar rats to investigate whether Trp‐P‐1 induces apoptosis in immune tissues in vivo. In the thymus, Trp‐P‐1 induced DNA fragmentation and morphological changes. Trp‐P‐1 also activated the initiator and executioner caspases, caspase‐8 and ‐3, respectively, and activated caspase‐3 in turn cleaved its intracellular substrate poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase 1 hr after injection. On the other hand, Trp‐P‐1 upregulated anti‐apoptotic factors Bcl‐2 and Bcl‐XL and downregulated pro‐apoptotic factor Bax in mitochondria 1 hr after injection, indicating that Trp‐P‐1 also stimulated anti‐apoptotic signals. Trp‐P‐1 activated the serine‐threonine protein kinase Akt, which is known to be an anti‐apoptotic protein, and increased the DNA binding activities of apoptosis‐associated transcription factors NF‐κB and AP‐1. In addition to the thymus, increases in the activities of these transcription factors were also observed in the spleen and in mononuclear cells from the blood. Therefore, Trp‐P‐1 activates both pro‐ and anti‐apoptotic signals in vivo in the immune system, particularly in the thymus, and the former signal overcomes the latter. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 40:175–183, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Application of two indices of benthic community condition in Chesapeake Bay
Authors: Ananda Ranasinghe J. , Frithsen Jeffrey B. , Kutz Frederick W. , Paul John F. , Russell David E. , Batiuk Richard A. , Hyland Jeffrey L. , Scott John , Dauer Daniel M. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe Chesapeake Bay Benthic Index of Biotic Integrity (B‐IBI) and the Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program's Virginian Province Benthic Index (EMAP‐VP BI) were applied to 294 sampling events in Chesapeake Bay and the results were compared. These estuarine benthic indices are intended to identify benthic invertebrate assemblages that have been degraded by low dissolved oxygen concentrations or high concentrations of chemical contaminants. The B‐IBI includes several community measures and weights them equally using a simple scoring system that compares them against values expected for undegraded sites. It includes 11 measures of species diversity, productivity, indicator species and trophic composition. The EMAP‐VP BI uses discriminant function coefficients to weight contributions of species diversity and the abundances of two indicator families. The two indices agreed on degraded or undegraded classifications for benthos at 81.3% of the sites. This level of agreement is within the level of accuracy achieved during index development and, therefore, may approach the limits that can be achieved. The indices were strongly associated (Pearson's r = 0.75). The B‐IBI was more conservative than the EMAP‐VP BI, classifying 72.7% of the disagreements as degraded. The 55 sites where the indices disagreed were distributed in different habitats throughout the Bay except polyhaline sand. Many of the classification disagreements were at sites with index values close to, but on opposite sides of, the degraded–undegraded thresholds, with 49.1% of the B‐IBI values within 0.5 units and 81.8% within 1.0 units; the corresponding values for sites where both indices agreed were only 23.4% and 62.7%, respectively. The pattern for the EMAP‐VP BI was similar, with 61.8% and 74.6% of disagreements and only 18.8% and 38.9% of agreements within 0.5 and 1.0 units of the threshold. Although the close agreement suggests that either index is suitable for evaluating the benthic condition, the B‐IBI offers some additional advantages. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Defining surfaces for skewed, highly variable data
Authors: Helsel Dennis R. , Ryker Sarah J. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractSkewness of environmental data is often caused by more than simply a handful of outliers in an otherwise normal distribution. Statistical procedures for such datasets must be sufficiently robust to deal with distributions that are strongly non‐normal, containing both a large proportion of outliers and a skewed main body of data. In the field of water quality, skewness is commonly associated with large variation over short distances. Spatial analysis of such data generally requires either considerable effort at modeling or the use of robust procedures not strongly affected by skewness and local variability.Using a skewed dataset of 675 nitrate measurements in ground water, commonly used methods for defining a surface (least‐squares regression and kriging) are compared to a more robust method (loess). Three choices are critical in defining a surface: (i) is the surface to be a central mean or median surface? (ii) is either a well‐fitting transformation or a robust and scale‐independent measure of center used? (iii) does local spatial autocorrelation assist in or detract from addressing objectives? Published in 2002 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predicting pesticide volatilization from soils
Authors: Yates S. R. , Wang D. , Papiernik S. K. , Gan J. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractDue to concerns about public health and environmental contamination, there has been great interest in improving our understanding of the processes and mechanisms that affect pesticide emissions from fields. For many situations, predicting pesticide volatilization has been limited to simple situations that often neglect important environmental conditions such as changes in ambient temperature and/or the effect of micrometeorological conditions. Recent research has shown that changes in ambient temperature can strongly affect methyl bromide (MeBr) volatilization under field conditions. Little research has been conducted that couples atmospheric processes to the volatilization of pesticides from soils. A field study was conducted to measure the volatilization of methyl bromide from a 3.5 ha field. Four methods were used to obtain the volatilization rate as a function of time. A one‐dimensional numerical model was developed and used to simulate the fate and transport of methyl bromide from the fumigated field. The numerical simulation simultaneously solves water, heat, and solute transport equations including chemical transport in the vapor phase. Three volatilization boundary conditions were used to assess their accuracy in predicting the volatilization rates. The first two boundary conditions follow stagnant boundary layer theory and use no atmospheric information. For these boundary conditions, one assumes isothermal conditions and the other assumes temperature‐dependent conditions. The third boundary condition couples soil and atmospheric processes and was found to provide an accurate and credible simulation of the instantaneous volatilization rates compared to a stagnant boundary layer condition. For some information such as cumulative emissions, the simulations for each boundary condition provided similar results. This indicates that simplified methods may be appropriate for obtaining certain information. Published in 2002 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cyclic shear behaviour of steel box girders: experiment and analysis
Authors: Chusilp Praween , Usami Tsutomu , Ge Hanbin , Maeno Hirofumi , Aoki Tetsuhiko 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAn experimental investigation of the cyclic shear behaviour of steel box girders was conducted on one‐quarter scale models, comprising of two specimens with longitudinally unstiffened webs and one specimen with longitudinally stiffened webs. All the specimens exhibited ductile behaviour. The tests evidenced significant increases in the shear strength and energy dissipation capacity regarding the use of thicker webs and the provision of longitudinal web stiffeners. The web stiffeners also enhanced the stable hysteresis behaviour without substantial degradation in the energy dissipation due to pinching. The test results are compared with the shear behaviour simulated by inelastic large deformation analysis incorporated with a sophisticated constitutive model. The hysteresis behaviour, peak cyclic shear stresses, energy dissipation, and deformation shapes of the three specimens are satisfactorily predicted by the analysis. It is verified that the presented analytical method can be used precisely for further investigations of box girders in shear. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Traffic‐induced variability in dynamic properties of cable‐stayed bridge
Authors: Zhang Q. W. , Fan L. C. , Yuan W. C. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe traffic‐induced variability in the dynamic properties of a cable‐stayed bridge is investigated using ambient vibration measurements. Under a relatively steady wind and temperature environment, the ambient vibration test was conducted on the bridge with normal traffic conditions and totally 24 h acceleration response time histories were recorded. These data are divided into 12 sections with each data section containing 2 h measurements. Thereby the modal variability due to changing traffic loading is investigated through post‐processing of the data in each section in both amplitude and frequency domains. The result indicates that the natural frequencies of the global modes can exhibit as much as 1% variation within a day. The modal amplitudes of each mode as well as the modal deflection at each measurement position vary insignificantly. The damping ratios however are sensitive to the vibration intensity, especially when the deck vibration exceeds a certain level. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Local adaptive methods for convection dominated problems
Authors: Klöfkorn Robert , Kröner Dietmar , Ohlberger Mario 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn this paper, we consider rigorous a posteriori error estimates for convection dominated initial value problems including recent results for those with degenerating diffusion. These estimates are important to control the adaptive local mesh refinement for numerical computations, in particular for the simulation of the biodegradation process. Several results obtained by numerical experiments will be shown. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
hp‐Discontinuous Galerkin finite element methods for hyperbolic problems: error analysis and adaptivity
Authors: Houston Paul , Senior Bill , Süli Endre 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn this paper we develop the a posteriori error analysis of the hp‐version of the discontinuous Galerkin finite element method for linear and non‐linear hyperbolic problems. By employing a duality argument, sharp a posteriori error bounds are derived for certain output functionals of practical interest. These bounds exhibit an exponential rate of convergence under hp‐refinement if either the primal or the dual solution is an analytic function over the computational domain. Based on our a posteriori error bounds, we design and implement the corresponding hp‐adaptive finite element algorithm to ensure the reliable and efficient control on the error in the prescribed functional to within a user‐defined tolerance. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The numerical simulation of unsteady heat conduction in a premature infant
Authors: Breuß M. , Fischer B. , Meister A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis paper presents a mathematical model for time‐dependent heat transfer processes in a premature infant as well as a finite volume scheme for the numerical solution of the underlying equations. The modelling of important physiological processes leads to a bio‐heat equation. The main property of this formulation is the time‐dependent heat distribution by blood flow. The employed finite volume scheme relies on the use of unstructured grids. Numerical simulations are presented which show the development of physical states due to a change in boundary values. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.