bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Composer as Intellectual
Authors: Alonso-Minutti Ana R. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter focuses on Lavista’s activities as a member of El Colegio Nacional. It offers a brief history of the institution and contextualizes the part founding member Carlos Chávez played in establishing the role of the composer as intellectual. In Chávez’s model, the composer–intellectual follows a modernist ideology of musical progress, which in turn serves as a support system for avant-garde practices. Chávez used El Colegio Nacional as a platform for cultivating a didactic modernity by institutionalizing the format of conferencias–conciertos (lecture–recitals) as a central pedagogical tool to enlighten the general public, and by incorporating a model of musical modernity aligned with a cutting-edge intellectuality. This model was then followed by Chávez’s successors, Eduardo Mata and Lavista. Lavista’s membership in El Colegio allowed him to advocate for and promote twentieth- and twenty-first-century concert music, support Mexican performers mostly devoted to that repertoire, and cultivate his role as a public intellectual and educator. Before his passing, Lavista supported the nomination of Gabriela Ortiz, currently the only musician in El Colegio’s council. The chapter includes a discussion of the concert programming, essays, books, and recordings Lavista undertook through El Colegio Nacional.
Just Shelter
Authors: Sundstrom Ronald R. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Just Shelter: Gentrification, Integration, Race, and Reconstruction is a work of political philosophy that examines the core injustices of the contemporary U.S. housing crisis and its relation to enduring racial injustices. It posits that what is required to achieve justice in social-spatial arrangements—what is otherwise called “spatial justice”—is to prioritize, in the crafting and enforcement of housing policy, individual moral equality and liberty; distributive justice; equal citizenship; and, due to history and continuing practice and effects of racial discrimination in housing policy and the housing market in the United States, corrective justice in the form of rectification programs to address the history of racism in housing policy that should be implemented by local, state, and federal governments. To arrive at and illustrate this conclusion, it investigates aspects of the housing crisis closely related to the history of American racial injustice, such as gentrification, segregation, desegregation, integration, and, to a lesser extent, homelessness, and offers liberal reform gestures toward a broad view of reconstructive justice.
Open Cities and Reconstructive Justice
Authors: Sundstrom Ronald R. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter argues that because of the history and enduring effects of class and racial discrimination in U.S. housing and land-use policy, corrective justice to mitigate, reverse, and repair the resulting injuries is justified. It also defends a liberal account of spatial justice by adding to it a principle of corrective justice to address directly the deep and enduring injustices that divide liberal democratic societies. Thus, this chapter argues for three policies: the full enforcement of the U.S. Fair Housing Act of 1968, which would precipitate substantial demographic changes to American cities, towns, and neighborhoods and related geographies of opportunity; a reasonable right to housing; and rectification policies that directly address the effects of class and racial residential segregation. That is what spatial justice and the reconstruction of American communities entail.
The Trouble with Gentrification
Authors: Sundstrom Ronald R. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter reviews the main conceptual and empirical concerns about gentrification, which, as it turns out, trouble popular conclusions about its causal relation to displacement that fuel prominent condemnations of gentrification. It argues for two main points: First, gentrification-based displacement may not be the problem that critics charge it is. Second, the focus on gentrification in “superstar cities” obscures other larger injustices in social-spatial arrangements and the consequences of the history of housing discrimination against non-whites, exemplified by the African American experience of state-sponsored residential segregation, discrimination in housing, and land-use policy and neighborhood disinvestment. The excessive focus on the experiences of superstar cities, with the shocks of reinvestment they experienced, obscures older and continuing patterns of disinvestment that have affected peoples and places distant from the fashionable centers that grab our collective attention.
Segregation and the Trouble with Integration
Authors: Sundstrom Ronald R. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This history of U.S. housing, land-use policy, and the U.S. housing market has been a long-running demonstration of how the moral and social equality of Americans, subjected to class, racial, ethnic, and religious discrimination, has precisely not been respected, and how the federal government, in league with local governments, housing industry groups, and neighborhood associations purposely thwarted distributive justice and positively pursued the opposite. The exemplar of this injustice in social-spatial arrangements is the history of U.S. residential segregation, which primarily targeted African Americans and is the subject of Chapter 5, “Segregation and the Trouble with Integration.” The chapter concentrates on state-sponsored housing segregation and discrimination in post–World War II housing policy, partly because of its direct link with the United States’ postwar economic boom and its immediate connection with the enduring wealth gap between black and white Americans.
Reconstructing Integration
Authors: Sundstrom Ronald R. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter takes up the question whether any anti-segregation strategy is morally and politically legitimate. It reviews competing conceptions of desegregation and integration and arguments supporting each, especially arguments against integration. The chapter argues that societies have a moral and political duty to desegregate and that standard models of integration are inadequate. There is no moral imperative to engineer demographically even neighborhoods and cities. Likewise, the expectation that poor residents of underresourced neighborhoods must integrate is illegitimate. All the same, every neighborhood, city, and region should be open; individuals and families should have fair and equal opportunities to access housing in those communities, towns, and cities. From the vantage point of liberals committed to reconstructive justice, integration is nearly synonymous with open communities and opportunities. This is a legitimate and just version of integration and a vision of integration as national reconstruction.
Equality
Authors: Dancy Tatiana 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Chapter 3 considers two egalitarian reasons that we might have to object to the use of statistical algorithms to make policy decisions: a failure of the duty of equal concern, and stigmatizing differences in status between individuals. These problems are matters of justice where they involve the exclusion of people from benefits for no good reason. Statistical algorithms can generate unjustified inequalities of each kind, by distributing the burden of error disproportionately amongst individuals, or otherwise by informing decisions that are objectionable in these ways. This chapter considers the mechanisms by which statistical algorithms cause inequality in the context of policy decisions, and identifies the type of inegalitarian concern raised.
Tumultum Populi
Authors: Haywood Ian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter argues that insufficient attention has been given to the acoustic dimension of popular disturbances in Georgian England. The introductory section looks at the paradox at the heart of the original Riot Act: that the declaration itself could not be heard above the commotion it was supposed to disperse. Three case studies investigate further the complex relations between customary forms of noisy protest and the state’s attempts to regulate free speech. Each example draws heavily on caricature prints, the only art form with the technical means to represent the vox populi. The first incident is the Strand Riot of 1749, in which sailors attacked several brothels, sparking a debate about whether sex workers were legitimate targets of popular justice. The second example is the OP or Old Price Riots of 1812, a prolonged protest against a rise in the ticket prices at Covent Garden theatre. Intriguingly, the auditorium of the theatre was transformed into a spectacle of cacophonous disruption and carnival music. The final case study is taken from the Queen Caroline controversy of 1820–1821, the most intense mobilization of protest and print culture in Georgian history. Determined to discredit Caroline’s claim to the throne, which found massive support around the country, George IV and his Tory government used caricature to brand her as a disreputable rabble-rouser. She was recast as ‘Mother Red Cap’, the landlady of a riotous public house, an ironic tribute to her rapport with the masses.
I Would They Were Barbarians
Authors: Steven Mark 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines the tendency in writing about riots to deploy the language of barbarism. It suggests that invocations of barbarism are a way for the defenders of capitalism and advocates of organizational politics to dismiss the riot as thoughtless violence. But barbarism is also a crucial way to affirm the riot as an attack on capital led by those by those it excludes. By reading William Shakespeare within a global context, this chapter argues that literary writing has been profoundly sensitive to a representational dialectic in which the riot is simultaneously denigrated and declaimed as the stuff of ‘barbarous multitudes’ and their ‘common spirits’. For Shakespeare, barbarism serves as a form-giving metaphor that discloses the movement and essence not only of the disorderly social mass locked outside the city gates but also of their riots. The chapter’s argument is made over a long and global historical arc, ranging from the late sixteenth through to the mid-twentieth century, and performs readings of two texts that conceive of riot and barbarism together as one: Shakespeare’s Coriolanus and Bertolt Brecht’s unfinished adaption of that play, worked on and abandoned in the early 1950s. If Shakespeare’s play shows how the riot coincides with emergence of the modern state, in which the disavowal of its rioting masses as barbarian is used to justify proto-fascistic military power, Brecht’s reimagining of that play in the aftermath of World War Two presents a radical version of the riot as a force whose horizon is social revolution.
Buzz, Mob, Crowd, Life
Authors: Elam J. Daniel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Novels across the British Empire in the 1920s and 1930s relied on the riot and the crowd as key ‘characters’. Mulk Raj Anand’s Untouchable (1936), written alongside Virginia Woolf’s Mrs Dalloway (1927), both feature crowds in the wake of riots. What the novels share is a global and particularly modernist discussion about modern life, especially the particularly modern social unit of the crowd. If the twentieth century was to be the ‘era of the crowd’, as Gustav Le Bon proclaimed in 1898, it makes sense that early twentieth-century literature reflected a global conversation about this new epoch. In 1918, Sir Sidney Rowlatt, a civil servant in the British Raj, published his notes to support the Rowlatt Act of 1919, which sought to criminalize ‘anarchical movements’ in British India by way of a focus on mass political gatherings. The trouble was that ‘the crowd’ was a nascent sociological concept, and largely undefined. Where does ‘the crowd’ begin and end? Do humans, upon entering into contact with it, become something less or something more than individuals? What do crowds want? While political and social theory attempted to answer these questions, literature revelled in their provocations and used the figure of the crowd for literary experimentation. This chapter draws on multiple genres of writing—literary, bureaucratic, and sociological—to explore how the riot played a central role in the imperial and anti-imperial imagination and emerges as a literary figure in the two novels.
The Crowd in This Moment
Authors: Murphet Julian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Rioting appears more and more frequently as an affirmative mode of collective happening in contemporary American poetry. Rendered carnivalesque, sexualized, hailed as always politically progressive, and elevated into a fundamental ontological category of the late capitalist world, ‘the riot’ has been ripped out of any historical sequence and transformed into an absolute. In the work of Wendy Trevino, Joshua Clover, and Juliana Spahr, among others, these affirmative accents are issued in a quasi-romantic, quasi-Brechtian idiom of breathless poetic immanence interrupted by imperatives of political incitation. And yet the true history of the race riot in the USA tells a very different story about the invention of the white race out of the blood of Black communities: mob violence, destruction of ghetto housing stock, closed union membership, and an effort to set the value of Black labour-power at zero. Turning to an accelerated history of the ways in which Black American writers have written out this history of race rioting, this chapter seeks to excavate a more ambiguous, haunted history of ‘the riot’ that restores to it its proper quotient of terror, horror, and dread. It asks of the contemporary redemption of ‘the riot’ what the cost might be of neglecting to commemorate the dead who, in the name of white supremacy, have gone down in great numbers to the violence of American race rioting.
Taming ‘the Square’
Authors: Sakr Rita 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter analyses the interconnections between violence and literary form in Basma Abdel Aziz’s reimagining of the ‘riot’ and rioting subject in her novel The Queue. Abdel Aziz is an Egyptian creative writer, psychiatrist, human rights activist, and visual artist, whose work has focused on uncovering the impacts of the oppressive police state’s measures on the political body and body politic, including forced disappearance of documentary evidence of harm, particularly systematic torture, and misrepresentation of political agency during and in the aftermath of protests, particularly the 2011 Revolution and its repercussions. The chapter explores Abdel Aziz’s engagement, in The Queue, with the relations between enforced silence and vigorous expression across the urban geography of the ‘riot’, the body of the rioter in pain, and the literary text that bears witness to the harm inflicted especially through documentary erasure. The main argument of the chapter is that, in both its formal techniques and discursive/semantic choices, Abdel Aziz’s novel constructs a rebellious representational space where the terror of autocratic governance against what Alain Badiou calls the ‘historical riot’ is uncovered. In this respect, the chapter renders necropolitical vanishings and revelations staged in the dynamics of the novelistic structure of ‘Documents’ that introduce each of The Queue’s sections and in its successive narrative close-ups on bodies in pain.
Mediating the Arab Spring’s Riots
Authors: Bayeh Jumana 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The crowd violence that was unleashed in Egypt in 2011 was experienced as a mediated event in two ways. First, in the immediate successes of Tahrir Square, Facebook, and Twitter were heralded as agents of the uprising and responsible for the fall of Mubarak. Second, the failure of the ‘Spring’ with the election of an Islamist government and a counter-revolution that saw the rise of a military dictatorship, news reports sought to make sense of the country’s rapidly flailing political fortunes. Missing from these forms of mediation is literature and its capacity to convey the voices of the rioters, their coordinated spontaneity and their very acts of resistance. While numerous images of the protests were captured, individual stories were drowned out by the raucous cacophony of the masses. Assuming an extended view of the media terrain that recorded the uprising, this chapter examines narrative as a medium that seeks to recover the lost voices of Egypt’s Arab Spring. It will focus on two novels by Robert Omar Hamilton and Yasmin El Rashidi to drill down into how intimate stories and individual voices provide an alternative method to shape our knowledge of crowd violence. It will illustrate how narrative discourses amplify questions about who defines crowd activity as a riot, whose voices are audible and the importance of listening to the many voices in the crowd.
The main question and argument driving this study
Authors: Grigorescu Alexandru V. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The chapter presents the main question of this study: have similar processes as those that led to domestic restraints on concentrated power also led to restraints on concentrated power in international relations? It then explains that, in order to answer this question and attain meaningful comparisons between domestic and international politics, the study will consider different timeframes for developments in the two realms and will be based on an analysis of the interests and actions of groups of actors, rather than individual actors. The main question, argument, and approach of the book are placed briefly within the broader political science literature. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the book’s structure.
International assemblies and parliaments as institutional restraints
Authors: Grigorescu Alexandru V. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The chapter explores the evolution of international assemblies and international parliaments since the nineteenth century. It begins by focusing on the first international institutions that allowed for broad membership (such as the International Telegraph Union and International Postal Union). It shows how these organizations developed inclusive assemblies to balance the exclusive councils (similar to balances found among domestic institutions in medieval times). It then considers the important case of the Interparliamentary Union, a nongovernmental international institution also created in the nineteenth century. The chapter continues by discussing the evolution of assemblies in the major international institutions of the twentieth century, especially in the League and UN. Just as important, it summarizes the emergences of international parliamentary bodies immediately after World War II, especially those in the Council of Europe and European Union. The concluding section assesses the degree to which the empirical findings support the book’s six main arguments
Summing up
Authors: Grigorescu Alexandru V. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This concluding chapter summarizes the findings from empirical chapters 4–6. It shows that the nature of international institutional restraints, the support of various international groups for such restraints, and the overall evolution of international institutions, are similar to those in the domestic realm many centuries ago. The chapter also notes how similar institutional approaches to domestic politics (rational choice, sociological and historical institutionalism) can account for international developments. Additionally, it mentions and explains the differences in the evolution of institutional restraints in the domestic and international realms, especially the very different timeframes in which they unfolded. The chapter concludes by highlighting both practical and theoretical implications of the book’s findings. In particular, it shows that by complementing the traditional IR focus on dominant groups’ efforts to acquire power with a “Lockean” one on weak groups’ efforts to restrain power, we offer a more complete depiction of international politics.
Common good governance
Authors: Garcia Denise 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter presents humanity’s security, a new concept—evolving from national and human security—that embodies a call for action that requires states to pool their resources, capacities, and strengths for the common good of humanity to attain global public goods, and tackle global catastrophic risks, on a planetary scale. It does so by emphasizing that the fate and well-being of individuals in one country are tied to and depend upon the welfare of all individuals in all other countries and recognizing that countries are getting security wrong and need to refocus their priorities. The chapter then presents common good governance, another new concept that centers on creating global public goods and attaining common rules and norms where there are none to curtail uncertainty and harness solidarity by seeking to integrate fragmented responses to challenges. Global public goods benefit everyone’s well-being, promote prosperity, and increase international security, and can only be attained by global cooperation. Examples would be a global framework on AI, combating the climate crisis, preventing the next pandemic, and eliminating nuclear weapons—proposes that AI is considered a global common for all humanity, a joint resource to benefit all peoples and introduces another new concept: global commons law, based upon common heritage of humanity, intergenerational equity, the precautionary principle, and previously existing global cooperative frameworks that safeguard parts of the planet, establish zones of peace, prohibit malicious behavior, and prevent harm.
Combating Covid-19
Authors: Miller Seumas , Smith Marcus 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Governments were quick to respond to the Covid-19 pandemic using all means available to them, including metadata, apps, social media, and messaging services. Arguably, the collective moral responsibility to combat the pandemic again overrides individual autonomy rights, (albeit restrictions on autonomy, such as lockdowns, also have deleterious economic effects). The idea of a collective responsibility on the part of individuals to jointly suffer some costs, e.g., loss of privacy rights, in favour of a collective good (eliminating or containing the spread of Covid-19) lies at the heart of all such effective strategies. This idea provides the theoretical framework for this article. Accordingly, the article provides an analysis of the appropriate notion of collective responsibility.
Big Data as Tracking Technology and Problems of the Group and Its Members
Authors: Asgarinia Haleh 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Digital data help data scientists and epidemiologists track and predict outbreaks of disease. Mobile phone GPS data, social media data, or other forms of information updates such as the progress of epidemics are used by epidemiologists to recognize disease spread among specific groups of people. Targeting groups as potential carriers of a disease, rather than addressing individuals as patients, risks causing harm to groups. While there are rules and obligations at the level of the individual, we have to reach a stage in the development of data analytics where groups are protected as entities. This chapter offers a deeper examination of harms to the groups.