bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Construct validity and reliability of the Canadian Eating Practices Screener to assess eating practices based on 2019 Canada's Food Guide recommendations
Authors: Perreault Maude , Wallace Angela , Martin Alicia , Sadowski Adam , Laila Amar , Lemieux Simone , Hutchinson Joy M. , Kirkpatrick Sharon I. , Simpson Janis Randall , Guenther Patricia M. , Lamarche Benoît , Jessri Mahsa , Louzada Maria Laura da Costa , Olstad Dana Lee , Prowse Rachel , Vatanparast Hassan , Haines Jess 
Published: October 2023

For the first time since its introduction, the 2019 Canada's Food Guide (2019-CFG) highlighted specific guidance on eating practices, i.e., recommendations on where, when, why, and how to eat. The Canadian Eating Practices Screener / Questionnaire court canadien sur les pratiques alimentaires was developed to assess eating practices based on the 2019-CFG healthy eating recommendations. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to assess the construct validity and reliability of the Canadian Eating Practices Screener. From July to December 2021, adults ( n = 154) aged 18–65 years completed a sociodemographic questionnaire and the screener. Construct validity was assessed by examining variability in screener scores, by comparing screener scores among subgroups with hypothesized differences in eating practices, and by examining the correlation between screener scores and fruit and vegetable intake. Reliability, i.e., internal consistency, was assessed by calculating Cronbach's coefficient alpha. Screener item scores were summed to provide a total score ranging from 21 to 105. The mean screener score was 76 (SD = 8.4; maximum, 105), ranging from 53 (1st percentile) to 92 (99th percentile). Differences in total scores in hypothesized directions were observed by age ( p = 0.006), perceived income adequacy ( p = 0.09), educational attainment ( p = 0.002), and smoking status ( p = 0.09), but not by gender or health literacy level. The correlation between screener scores and fruit and vegetable intake was 0.29 ( p = 0.002). The Cronbach's coefficient alpha was 0.79, suggesting acceptable to high internal consistency. Study findings provide preliminary evidence of the screener's construct validity and reliability, supporting its use to assess eating practices based on the 2019-CFG healthy eating recommendations.
The concept of decentralization through time and disciplines: a quantitative exploration
Authors: Di Bona Gabriele , Bracci Alberto , Perra Nicola , Latora Vito , Baronchelli Andrea 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDecentralization is a pervasive concept found across disciplines, including Economics, Political Science, and Computer Science, where it is used in distinct yet interrelated ways. Here, we develop and publicly release a general pipeline to investigate the scholarly history of the term, analysing $425{,}144$
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academic publications that refer to (de)centralization. We find that the fraction of papers on the topic has been exponentially increasing since the 1950s. In 2021, 1 author in 154 mentioned (de)centralization in the title or abstract of an article. Using both semantic information and citation patterns, we cluster papers in fields and characterize the knowledge flows between them. Our analysis reveals that the topic has independently emerged in the different fields, with small cross-disciplinary contamination. Moreover, we show how Blockchain has become the most influential field about 10 years ago, while Governance dominated before the 1990s. In summary, our findings provide a quantitative assessment of the evolution of a key yet elusive concept, which has undergone cycles of rise and fall within different fields. Our pipeline offers a powerful tool to analyze the evolution of any scholarly term in the academic literature, providing insights into the interplay between collective and independent discoveries in science.
Quantum scaling atomic superheterodyne receiver
Authors: Zhang Peng , Jing Mingyong , Wang Zheng , Peng Yan , Yuan Shaoxin , Zhang Hao , Xiao Liantuan , Jia Suotang , Zhang Linjie 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMeasurement sensitivity is one of the critical indicators for Rydberg atomic radio receivers. This work quantitatively studies the relationship between the atomic superheterodyne receiver’s sensitivity and the number of atoms involved in the measurement. The atom number is changed by adjusting the length of the interaction area. The results show that for the ideal case where only interaction noise is present and the RF waves are uniformly distributed, the sensitivity of the atomic superheterodyne receiver exhibits a quantum scaling: the amplitude of its output signal is proportional to the atom number, and the amplitude of its read-out noise is proportional to the square root of the atom number. Hence, its sensitivity is inversely proportional to the square root of the atom number. This work also gives a detailed discussion of the properties of transit noise in atomic receivers and the influence of some non-ideal factors on sensitivity scaling. This work is significant in the field of atom-based quantum precision measurements.
Unraveling Racial Disparities in Supportive Care Medication Use among End-of-Life Pancreatic Cancer Patients: Focus on Pain Management and Psychiatric Therapies
Authors: Allen John M. , Awunti MegCholack , Guo Yi , Bian Jiang , Rogers Sherise C. , Scarton Lisa , DeRemer David L. , Wilkie Diana J. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background:
Supportive care medication use differences may contribute to racial disparities observed in health-related quality of life in patients with pancreatic cancer.

Methods:
In this observation study using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare linked database, we sought to examine supportive care medication use disparities in patients with pancreatic cancer from 2005 to 2017 by race and ethnicity.

Results:
Among 74,309 patients included in the final analysis, racial and ethnic disparities in the use of supportive care medications were identified. After adjustment for confounding factors and compared with non-Hispanic Whites, minorities had significantly less use of opioids [Black: adjusted OR (aOR), 0.84; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.79–0.88; Asian: aOR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.79–0.90), and skeletomuscular relaxants (Black: aOR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.82–0.99; Hispanic: aOR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.74–0.91; Asian: aOR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.51–0.68), and increased use of non-opioid analgesics (Hispanic: aOR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.01–1.14; Asian: aOR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.26–1.49). Racial and ethnic minorities had less use of antidepressants (Black: aOR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.53–0.59; Hispanic: aOR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.73–0.82; Asian: aOR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.44–0.51), anxiolytics (Black: aOR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.74–0.82; Hispanic: aOR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.62–0.71; Asian: aOR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.48–0.57), and antipsychotics (Hispanic: aOR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.82–0.99; Asian: aOR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.74–0.95).

Conclusions:
Racial and ethnic disparities in the use of supportive care medications among patients with pancreatic cancer were observed, with the differences unexplained by sociodemographic factors.

Impact:
Future studies should identify strategies to promote equitable use of supportive care medications among racial minorities and explore factors that may influence their use in these populations.
Aging of Amateur Singers and Non-singers: From Behavior to Resting-state Connectivity
Authors: Zhang Xiyue , Tremblay Pascale 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Healthy aging is associated with extensive changes in brain structure and physiology, with impacts on cognition and communication. The “mental exercise hypothesis” proposes that certain lifestyle factors such as singing—perhaps the most universal and accessible music-making activity—can affect cognitive functioning and reduce cognitive decline in aging, but the neuroplastic mechanisms involved remain unclear. To address this question, we examined the association between age and resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) in 84 healthy singers and nonsingers in five networks (auditory, speech, language, default mode, and dorsal attention) and its relationship to auditory cognitive aging. Participants underwent cognitive testing and fMRI. Our results show that RSFC is not systematically lower with aging and that connectivity patterns vary between singers and nonsingers. Furthermore, our results show that RSFC of the precuneus in the default mode network was associated with auditory cognition. In these regions, lower RSFC was associated with better auditory cognitive performance for both singers and nonsingers. Our results show, for the first time, that basic brain physiology differs in singers and nonsingers and that some of these differences are associated with cognitive performance.
Extreme Arctic Weather and Community Impacts in Nunavut: A Case Study of One Winter’s Storms and Lessons for Local Climate Change Preparedness
Authors: Fox Shari , Crawford Alex , McCrystall Michelle , Stroeve Julienne , Lukovich Jennifer , Loeb Nicole , Natanine Jerry , Serreze Mark 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Arctic communities are experienced with severe weather, but impacts can still be serious, particularly when the intensity or persistence of hazardous conditions is extreme. Such was the case for the community of Clyde River (Kangiqtugaapik), Nunavut, Canada, which experienced 33 blizzard days during winter 2021/22—likely the most at Clyde River since at least 1978/79. Blizzard conditions resulted from unusually frequent high winds rather than excessive snowfall. The most severe stretch included eight blizzard days over an 11-day period, with top wind gusts of 98 km h−1. Winds caused severe drifting, covering homes and blocking streets. Broken heavy equipment, including snow-clearing machines, compounded the impacts, leaving homes without essential services like water delivery and sewage pump-out for days. Residents reported the storms and resulting impacts as some of the worst in memory. The drifting and volume of snow, combined with the lack of available resources to manage it, obliged the community to declare a state of emergency. Projections of increased Arctic precipitation and extreme weather events points to the need for communities to have proper resources and supports, including preparedness and adaptation and mitigation strategies, so they can be better equipped to handle storm and blizzard impacts such as those experienced at Clyde River in the winter of 2021/22. Additional steps that can be implemented to better support and prepare communities include investing in preparedness planning, expanded and enhanced weather information and services, community land-based programming to transfer Inuit knowledge and skills, assessing the usefulness of current forecasts, and new approaches to community planning.

Significance Statement
In this study, we consider the winter of 2021/22, during which the community of Clyde River (Kangiqtugaapik), Nunavut experienced 33 days with blizzard conditions—more than any other year since at least 1978/79. Blizzards are characterized by strong winds and blowing snow. Low visibility impedes travel, and drifting snow blocks roads and can bury equipment and buildings. In this case, broken snow-clearing equipment and other infrastructure challenges also hampered the community’s ability to respond, and residents went days without essential services. Several studies suggest that extreme winds will become more common in the Baffin Bay region in the future. This study demonstrates the need for proper resourcing of communities for preparedness, response, and adaptation strategies, especially with the possibility of extreme winter weather becoming more common.
Prevalence of Psychiatric Morbidity and Alcohol use Disorders Among Adolescent Indigenous Tribals from Three Indian States
Authors: Gharat Vaibhav V. , Chandramouleeshwaran Susmita , Nayak Sunil , War Ryntihlin Jennifer , Deshpande Smita N. , Nimgaonkar Vishwajit L. , Shah Hitesh M. , Patel Ravikant R. , Kyndiah Melissa Dora , Shylla Wa Era Dann , Sunil Veena , Mohanraj Smitha , Devi M. Divya , Shukla Kshama , Devi Shylaja 
Published: October 2023

Background: Among the Indian adolescents, the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity and alcohol use disorders (AUD) are 7.3% and 1.3%. However, no separate data are available for indigenous tribal populations. This study estimated the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity and AUD and associated socio-demographic factors among adolescents in the tribal communities in three widely varying states in India. Methods: Using validated Indian versions of the MINI 6.0, MINI Kid 6.0, and ICD-10 criteria, we conducted a cross-sectional survey from January to May 2019 in three Indian sites: Valsad, Gujarat (western India); Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu (south India); and East Khasi Hills district of Meghalaya (north-east India) on 623 indigenous tribal adolescents. Results: Aggregate prevalence of any psychiatric morbidity was 15.9% (95% CI: 13.1–19.0) (males: 13.6%, 95% CI: 10.0–18.1; females: 17.9%, 95% CI: 13.9–22.6), with site-wise statistically significant differences: Gujarat: 23.8% (95% CI: 18.1–30.2), Meghalaya: 17.1% (95% CI: 12.4–22.7), Tamil Nadu: 6.2% (95% CI: 3.2–10.5). The prevalence of diagnostic groups was mood disorders 6.4% ( n = 40), neurotic- and stress-related disorders 9.1% ( n = 57), phobic anxiety disorder 6.3% ( n = 39), AUD 2.7% ( n = 17), behavioral and emotional disorders 2.7% ( n = 17), and obsessive-compulsive disorder 2.2% ( n = 14). These differed across the sites. Conclusion: The prevalence of psychiatric morbidity in adolescent tribals is approximately twice the national average. The most common psychiatric morbidities reported are mood (affective) disorders, neurotic- and stress-related disorders, phobic anxiety disorder, AUD, behavioral and emotional disorders, andobsessive-compulsive disorder.
Use of prone position ventilation in patients with COVID-19 induced severe ARDS supported with V-V ECMO: A danish cohort study with focus on adverse events
Authors: Adelsten Janne , Grønlykke Lars , Pedersen Finn Møller , Madsen Søren Aalbæk , Sørensen Marc , Eschen Camilla Tofte , Møller Sørensen Peter Hasse , Gjedsted Jakob , Nielsen Dorthe Viemose , Christensen Steffen , Nielsen Jonas , Jørgensen Vibeke Lind 
Published: October 2023

Introduction Prone position ventilation (PPV) of patients with adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) supported with veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-V ECMO) may improve oxygenation and alveolar recruitment and is recommended when extensive dorsal consolidations are present, but only few data regarding adverse events (AE) related to PPV in this group of patients have been published. Methods Nationwide retrospective analysis of 68 COVID-19 patients admitted from March 2020 – December 2021 with severe ARDS and need of V-V ECMO support. The number of patients treated with PPV, number of PPV-events, timing, the time spent in prone position, number and causes of AE are reported. Causes to stop the PPV regimen and risk factors for AE were explored. Results 44 out of 68 patients were treated with PPV, and 220 PPV events are evaluated. AE were identified in 99 out of 220 (45%) PPV events and occurred among 31 patients (71%). 1 fatal PPV related AE was registered. Acute supination occurred in 19 events (9%). Causes to stop the PPV regimen were almost equally distributed between effect (weaned from ECMO), no effect, death (of other reasons) and AE. Frequent causes of AE were pressures sores and ulcers, hypoxia, airway related and ECMO circuit related. Most AE occurred during patients first or second PPV event. Conclusions PPV treatment was found to carry a high incidence of PPV related AE in these patients. Causes and preventive measures to reduce occurrence of PPV related AE during V-V ECMO support need further exploration.
3D multi-scale feature extraction and recalibration network for spinal structure and lesion segmentation
Authors: Wang Hongjie , Chen Yingjin , Jiang Tao , Bian Huwei , Shen Xing 
Published: October 2023

Background Automatic segmentation has emerged as a promising technique for the diagnosis of spinal conditions. Purpose To design and evaluate a deep convolution network for segmenting the intervertebral disc, spinal canal, facet joint, and herniated disk on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. Material and Methods MRI scans of 70 patients with disc herniation were gathered and manually annotated by radiologists. A novel deep neural network was developed, comprising 3D squeeze-and-excitation blocks and multi-scale feature extraction blocks for automated segmentation of spinal structure and lesion. To address the issue of class imbalance, a weighted cross-entropy loss was introduced for training. In addition, semi-supervision segmentation was accomplished to reduce annotation labor cost. Results The proposed model achieved 77.67% mean intersection over union, with 9.56% and 11.11% gains over typical V-Net and U-Net respectively, outperforming the other models in ablation experiments. In addition, the semi-supervision segmentation method was proven to work. Conclusion The 3D multi-scale feature extraction and recalibration network achieved an excellent segmentation performance of intervertebral disc, spinal canal, facet joint, and herniated disk, outperforming typical encoder-decoder networks.
“It is Essentially About Treating Each Other Well”: Insights from Faculty on Incivility in Nursing Education
Authors: Small Sandra P. , Cashin Geraldine , English Denise , Moran Glenys 
Published: October 2023

Study background Incivility in nursing educational institutions, which may be perpetrated by both students and faculty, is troubling given that such institutions have a mandate to prepare students for caring, relational nursing practice. Purpose The purpose of this study was to contribute to understanding nursing academic incivility through an examination of nursing faculty's perspectives on student and faculty incivility. Methods The study was conducted using a mixed methods, descriptive, survey design with collection and analysis of quantitative and qualitative data. The sample consisted of 52 faculty members. Results A large majority of faculty thought that incivility in the nursing academic environment is a problem, with most considering it to be a mild or moderate problem. Students acted unprofessionally by showing disrespect, displaying superiority, engaging in disruptive behaviors, or not taking responsibility for their role in their learning. Faculty acted unprofessionally by showing disrespect, displaying superiority, or not being supportive. Faculty perceived that stress, personality, failure to deal with incivility, and an attitude of entitlement contributed to incivility. They thought that educational interventions, policies, and an academic environment that is conducive to civility are needed to address the problem. Conclusion Until evidence is available to support the effectiveness of interventions for academic incivility, nursing educational institutions are encouraged to implement strategies suggested by faculty in this study.
Maternal and fetal health outcomes in systemic lupus erythematosus pregnancies in the Emirati population: A comparative study
Authors: Khogali Hiba I , Al‐Bluwi Ghada S M , Guy Pedo Virgie , Al Dhanhani Ali M 
Published: October 2023

Objectives To evaluate adverse pregnancy outcomes in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), compare their maternal and fetal outcomes with those of age-matched pregnant women without SLE, and identify factors linked to increased risks of adverse outcomes. Methods Medical records from Tawam Hospital were reviewed retrospectively to identify patients with SLE and a history of pregnancy. Demographics, clinical variables, and maternal and fetal outcomes were obtained. A one-to-one age-matched healthy control group was randomly selected. The outcomes and odd ratios of women with and without SLE were compared, and factors associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes were examined. Results The outcomes of 78 SLE pregnancies in 39 women were analyzed. Adverse maternal outcomes, such as gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), occurred in 32% of pregnancies, whereas adverse fetal outcomes, such as low-birth weight and preterm deliveries, occurred in 51% of pregnancies. Pregnant women with SLE had a 5-fold higher risk of GDM, had higher odds of maternal hypertension, and were more likely to deliver through cesarean section than those without SLE. Preterm deliveries and low-birth weight were also more common in SLE pregnancies. Steroid use during pregnancy was significantly associated with an increased risk of GDM development. Lupus nephritis, maternal hypertension, pre-eclampsia, and GDM were linked to preterm deliveries. Conclusion Pregnant women with SLE were at a higher risk for adverse maternal and fetal outcomes than age-matched pregnant women without SLE. These findings can guide clinical management and emphasize the need for close monitoring of SLE pregnancies.
Interplay between age and disease-modifying treatments in influencing infection risk in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Jacober Sarah Lena Susanna , Disanto Giulio , Sacco Rosaria , Meng Delania , Mallucci Giulia , Candrian Ursula , Semini Sebastiano , Tiberti Massimiliano , Gobbi Claudio , Zecca Chiara 
Published: October 2023

Background: Disease-modifying treatments (DMTs) can increase the risk of infections in multiple sclerosis (MS). Aged individuals are usually excluded from clinical trials, and there is uncertainty regarding safety of immunosuppressive DMTs in these patients. Objective: To investigate the association of DMTs, ageing and other clinical variables with risk of infections in MS patients. Methods: Prospective single-centre observational study collecting information on occurrence, type and grade of infections in patients followed at the MS centre, Lugano (Switzerland). Associations with infection risk were tested using multivariable Poisson and Cox regressions. Results: A total of 503 patients were included (injectables/untreated, n = 127; orals, n = 139; monoclonal antibodies (MAB), n = 237) and 326 infections recorded over 12.6 (11.6–14.0) months. As compared to injectable DMTs/no treatment, MAB and oral DMTs were positively associated with infection incidence (IRR = 2.32, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.39–3.89, p = 0.001; IRR = 2.04, 95% CI = 1.19–3.49, p = 0.009, respectively). After excluding COVID-19, the effect of MAB was stronger among patients <50 years (IRR = 5.90, 95% CI = 2.80–12.45, p < 0.001) than >50 years (IRR = 1.95, 95% CI = 0.91–4.15, p = 0.084). Higher disability and male sex were the only variables associated with severe infections. Conclusion: Treatment with MAB and oral DMTs is associated with higher incidence of infections, with a stronger effect in young MS patients. Disability appears the main predictor of severe infections regardless of treatment.