bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distribution of Ca (Oxford) antigen on placental trophoblast
Authors: Bishop Paul W. , Malam Jacqui E. , Morris James A. , Fox Harold 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe distribution of the Ca (Oxford) antigen in 75 human placentae has been studied using an immunohistological technique. The antigen was not detected until nineteen weeks gestation, when it first appeared on the surface of syncytial sprouts. Thereafter it spread to the syncytiotrophoblast of chorionic villi of all sizes, becoming more strongly expressed towards term. The antigen was consistently not detected on extravillous trophoblast. The significance of these findings is discussed in relation to competing theories as to its function.
Detection of leptospiral antigen in the human liver and kidney using an immunoperoxidase staining procedure
Authors: Alves V. A. Ferreira , Vianna M. Regina , Yasuda P. H. , De Brito T. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractDetection of leptospiral antigen using an immunoperoxidase staining (IP) procedure was carried out on fifteen samples of human liver, (nine from autopsies and six from biopsies) and nine samples of human kidneys (eight autopsies and one biopsy). The IP staining procedure to detect leptospiral antigen (L. interrogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae) in human liver and kidney proved to be a reproducible method useful on paraffin embedded tissues after formalin, Bouin's or Helly's fluid fixation. Furthermore, the IP procedure on paraffin‐embedded tissue appears to have potential as an aid to the diagnosis. IP stained leptospiral antigen was detected in portal spaces of the liver, engulfed by cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system, in the interstitium of the kidney, and lining vessel walls of both liver and kidney. The results suggest that in acute human leptospirosis (L. interrogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae) the main factors in the pathogenesis of the lesions are related to the presence of organisms and/or their virulence, including products released by lysis.
The role of hepatic venous congestion and endotoxaemia in the production of fulminant hepatic failure secondary to congestive heart failure
Authors: Shibayama Yuro 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe present study was undertaken to clarify the role of congestion of the liver and endotoxaemia in the production of fulminant hepatic failure secondary to congestive heart failure. Induction of congestion of the liver, i.e. an elevation of hepatic venous pressure, in rats was accomplished by partial obstruction of the inferior vena cava. A close relationship was demonstrated between venous pressure and serum levels of transaminases as a measure of hepatic dysfunction. Hepatic dysfunction was mild in rats with venous hypertension alone, and only centrilobular congestion was seen on microscopy. In contrast, severe abnormalities of hepatic function were induced by venous hypertension and endotoxaemia. Histologically, the liver revealed bridging centrilobular necrosis as seen in patients with congestive heart failure who develop fulminant hepatic failure. These data suggest that coexistence of endotoxaemia and congestion of the liver may induce fulminant hepatic failure, and that the latter alone is associated only with slight hepatic dysfunction and liver damage.
The structure and reactions of the microcirculation in a subcutaneous air pouch in the rat
Authors: Balasubramaniam Gnaneswary S. , Hurley John V. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractStudies by a combination of vascular perfusion, histological and electron microscopic techniques show that subcutaneous injection of air into rats excites no acute inflammatory response, but leads to the formation of a pouch lined by avascular fibrous tissue. Existing subcutaneous blood vessels are displaced by the pouch but no new blood vessels are formed.By contrast injection of carrageenan with the air or into a preformed air pouch leads to a severe inflammatory reaction and the rapid development of a thick layer of granulation tissue.Either type of pouch is a useful system in which to study inflammation. However because the distribution and ultrastructure of small blood vessels in the pouch wall is quite different from the known characteristics of the micro‐circulation of synovial membrane, the air pouch is an unsuitable model for the study of injury to joints or experimental arthritis.
Periventricular intraparenchymal cerebral haemorrhage in preterm infants: The role of venous infarction
Authors: Gould Stephen J. , Howard Susan , Hope Peter L. , Reynolds E. Osmund R. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractHaemorrhage into cerebral parenchymal tissue supero‐lateral to the angles of the lateral ventricles is a major cause of death and disability in preterm infants. It is frequently associated with germinal layer and intraventricular haemorrhage but the mechanism by which parenchymal haemorrhage occurs is uncertain. Recent studies have suggested that it is due to bleeding into tissue previously damaged by ischaemia following cerebral hypoperfusion. We have studied 68 preterm infant brains, of which four contained early intraparenchymal haemorrhage supero‐lateral to the angles of the lateral ventricles which were associated with large germinal layer and intraventricular haemorrhages. The anatomical distribution and histological features of these haemorrhages suggested that they resulted from venous infarction and that the venous drainage of the periventricular tissues had been obstructed by the germinal layer haemorrhages. In these four infants, bleeding into parenchymal tissues could be regarded as a complication of germinal layer and intraventricular haemorrhage rather than of cerebral hypoperfusion.
Cytoplasmic reactivity with the monoclonal antibody HMFG1 as a marker of cervical glandular atypia
Authors: Brown Laurence J. R. , Griffin Nicholas R. , Wells Michael 
Published: June 2005

AbstractCervical adenocarcinomas show cytoplasmic reactivity with the monoclonal antibody HMFG1 in contrast to the luminal border (cuticular) staining seen in normal endocervical glands and microglandular hyperplasia. HMFG1 was applied to 15 cases of cervical glandular atypia: thirteen showed cytoplasmic reactivity similar to that seen in overt endocervical neoplasia. This pattern of reactivity seems to be a useful marker of cervical glandular atypia and further supports its suggested place in the development of adenocarcinoma.
Ultrastructural characteristics of the interdigitating dendritic cell in dermatopathic lymphadenopathy of mycosis fungoides patients
Authors: Poblete María T. , Figueroa Carlos D. , Caorsi Italo 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe ultrastructure of interdigitating dendritic cells in dermatopathic lymphadenopathy from patients with mycosis fungoides was investigated. The most remarkable findings were: (i) a marked hypertrophy of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum with a peculiar concentric arrangements of the cisternae around lipid droplets, (ii) an abundance of cytoplasmic lipid droplets and (iii) the presence of paranuclear chromatoid‐like bodies. It is suggested that these ultrastructural features may correspond to some unknown functional capability of the interdigitating dendritic cell.
Expression of c‐myc in non‐malignant and pre‐malignant gastrointestinal disorders
Authors: Ciclitira P. J. , Macartney J. C. , Evan G. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA monoclonal antibody 1‐6E10 against the protein product p62c‐myc of the c‐myc oncogene was used to assess, by immunohistology, a variety of non‐neoplastic and preneoplastic disorders of gastric and colonic mucosa. There were low levels of expression of the c‐myc oncogenic product in normal gastric and colonic tissue. In gastric mucosa, increased expression was observed with inflammatory, metaplastic and dysplastic histological appearances. In the normal colon low levels of expression were observed, but there was increased expression in inflammatory disorders including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. There was also increased expression in colonic dysplasia associated with ulcerative colitis. The oncogene product was localized in the cytoplasm, nuclei and Golgi apparatus. C‐myc 1‐6E10 may therefore be used as a marker to identify the cellular proliferative response in gastric and colonic mucosa that is associated with inflammation as well as potentially neoplastic hyperproliferative states.
Clinicopathological significance of intratumoural variations in elastosis grades and the oestrogen receptor status of human breast carcinomas
Authors: Giri D. D. , Lonsdale R. N. , Dangerfield V. J. M. , Harris S. C. , Parsons M. A. , Underwood J. C. E. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractCryostat sections from seventy‐eight female breast carcinomas were assayed for oestrogen receptors by isoelectric focusing. Adjacent cryostat sections stained by Miller's elastic/van Gieson's method were graded for elastosis. Elastosis was similarly graded on near‐equatorial paraffin sections from the same tumours. A positive correlation was obtained between elastosis in the near equatorial sections and oestrogen receptor positivity (p<0·0005), menstrual status (p<0·05) and parity (p<0·01) but no correlation was found between these factors and elastosis graded on cryostat sections from the more peripheral areas which had been selected for oestrogen receptor assay. These observations suggest that the central region of breast carcinomas, where connective tissue responses are fully developed, exhibits grades of elastosis with greater clinical significance. This may explain the conflicting published observations on the correlations between elastosis and oestrogen receptor status, which we believe are due to the lack of uniformity in tissue sampling. The possible implications of the absence of significant correlation between elastosis grades and tumour size, nodal status and disease‐free interval are discussed.
Sinusoidal circulatory disturbance by microthrombosis as a cause of endotoxin‐induced hepatic injury
Authors: Shibayama Yuro 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe present study was undertaken in rats to examine the significance of sinusoidal circulatory disturbance by microthrombosis in the pathogenesis of hepatic damage and dysfunction due to endotoxin. Administration of endo‐toxin induced fibrin deposits and infiltration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the sinusoids, focal random coagulative hepatocellular necrosis and elevation of serum transaminase activities. When heparin was given simultaneously with endotoxin, the formation of fibrin thrombus in the sinusoids was prevented, and the endotoxin‐induced morphological and functional changes in the liver were markedly inhibited. Infusion of thrombin into the portal vein induced a large amount of fibrin thrombi in the sinusoids, focal random necrotic foci resembling the lesions produced by endotoxin and elevation of levels of serum transaminases. These experimental data suggest that disturbance of hepatic microcirculation by sinusoidal thrombosis is the necessary and sufficient condition for the development of endotoxin‐induced hepatic injury.
Primary B‐cell gastric lymphoma—a reassessment of its histogenesis
Authors: Myhre Michael J. , Isaacson Peter G. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractPrimary gastric lymphoma, (PGL), is thought to be a tumour of follicle centre cell origin containing centrocyte‐like (CCL) cells, and plasma cell components. The advent of novel leucocyte antibodies reactive in paraffin sections and improved techniques for the demonstration of immunoglobulin (Ig) in tissues has permitted a reassessment of the histogenesis of PGL. Our results have shown that PGL is a tumour of CCL cells with plasma cell differentiation in a minority of cases. Follicles were reactive, as defined by polytypic expression of Ig, in each case but selective invasion of reactive follicles by neoplastic CCL cells often led to a misleading appearance of malignancy. CCL cells bear close similarities to marginal zone cells which have been defined as a distinct non‐circulating B‐cell lineage. This could account for the favourable clinical behaviour of PGL.
Use of the monoclonal antibody WR17, identifying the CD37 gp40–45 Kd antigen complex, in the diagnosis of B‐lymphoid malignancy
Authors: Moore K. , Cooper S. A. , Jones D. B. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe distribution of the gp40–45 Kd antigen bound by the WR17 monoclonal antibody of IgG2 subclass in normal lymphoid tissue was characterized by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining with flow cytometric analysis. The predominant staining pattern observed was characteristic of an anti‐pan‐B‐lymphocyte reagent. Weak reactions were observed by immunofluorescence staining of viable cell suspensions with all neutrophils and T‐lymphocytes in some normal donors. In tissue sections, B‐lymphocytes were stained and no cross reactions were observed with T‐lymphocytes, although macrophages stained in some sections.A range of T‐ and B‐cell malignancies were stained with WR17 and the reactivity compared to that observed with other monoclonal antibodies in the CD 19, CD21 and CD22 clusters. All B‐non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas, B‐chronic lymphocytic, prolymphocytic and hairy cell leukaemia cells examined were stained by WR17 in indirect immunofluorescence assays, whilst the T‐cell tumours were negative. The same pattern was observed in cryostat sections of malignant tissue and in addition some tissue macrophages expressed the CD37 antigen cytoplasmically. Intra‐tumour heterogeneity of staining was observed with all the monoclonal antibodies tested, although overall WR17 consistently stained B‐cell tumours even when expression of the CD 19 pan‐B‐lymphocyte antigen could not be detected with some monoclonals.Monoclonal antibodies, such as WR17, within the CD37 cluster and binding to the gp 40–45 Kd molecule, bind to mature B‐lymphocytes and identify the majority of B‐cell malignancies.
Fucose‐containing antigens in normal and neoplastic human gastric mucosa: A comparative study using lectin histochemistry and blood group immunohistochemistry
Authors: Macartney J. C. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe histochemical binding to normal and neoplastic human gastric mucosa of two lectin‐peroxidase conjugates which are specific for fucose‐containing glycoconjugates is described. The lectins are Ulex europaeus (UEA1) and Lotus tetragonolobus (LTA). Results are compared with ABO and secretor status and the immunohistochemical demonstration of a Type 1 antigen (Lewisa) and two Type 2 antigens (X and H) using monoclonal antibodies. Binding of UEA 1 and LTA to surface mucus cells in normal gastric mucosa is only seen in secretors but is independent of ABO status. In gastric carcinomas lectin binding is reduced. There is a relationship between UEA1 binding and the immunohistochemical demonstration of H Type 2 antigen and secretor activity. In contrast LTA staining is associated with both H Type 2 and Lea antigen but not with secretor status. X antigen is only demonstrable in small amounts. Despite subtle differences in the binding patterns of the two lectins, immunohistochemical studies with monoclonal antibodies against defined oligosaccharides provide greater information. The results of the study are consistent with the hypothesis that competitive interaction between fucosyl and sialyl transferases occurs in gastric malignancy and leads to the expression of abnormal blood group‐related antigens.
Pathogenicity of HIV in lymphatic organs of patients with AIDS
Authors: Pekovic Drasko D. , Gornitsky Mervyn , Ajdukovic Djordje , Dupuy Jean‐Marie , Chausseau Jean‐Paul , Michaud Jean , Lapointe Normand , Gilmore Norbert , Tsoukas Chris , Zwadlo Gabriela , Popovic Miculas 
Published: June 2005

AbstractHIV antigens were searched for in the thymus, lymph nodes, bone marrow, and spleen of AIDS patients, by means of immunofluorescence technique. Human IgG against HIV and monoclonal antibodies against viral gag P24 protein yielded strong cytoplasmic fluorescence of cells in sections of the thymus, lymph nodes and spleen. Some cells containing HIV antigens were morphologically multinucleated giant cells. They reacted with monoclonal antibodies against helper/inducer T‐cells (OKT4+), and were complexed with antibody or with complement as demonstrated by double‐staining immunofluorescence technique. A large number of inflammatory cells infiltrated the thymus in areas containing cells expressing HIV antigens. These studies demonstrated an association of HIV virus with cytopathic and immunopathogenic reactions in lymphatic organs of AIDS patients, and are consistent with previous results, as well as indicative of a primary aetiologic role for the virus.
A demonstration of a strain related restriction effect in the formation of experimental metastases
Authors: Jack A. S. , McVeigh Karen L. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIn view of the role of histocompatibility proteins in mediating many types of cell interaction it was decided to investigate their role in the formation of experimental metastatic deposits using the B16 mouse melanoma cell line. The expression of both major histocompatibility complex (MHC) Class I and Class II proteins was studied in vitro. Expression of both MHC Class I and Class II proteins was greater in the highly metastatic F10 cell line as compared with the poorly metastatic F1 line. Intravenous injection of cells into syngeneic and semi‐allogeneic animals revealed a strain related restriction effect on tumour growth following intravenous injection. However, this was mediated by a locus other than H‐2. No restriction of lung trapping of radiolabelled cells or local growth following intraperitoneal injection was found. It is suggested that non‐H‐2 Class I proteins may mediate some of the stages of metastatic tumour growth independent of the immune system.
T‐cell lymphomas in adults: A clinicopathological study of eighteen cases
Authors: Ramsay Alan D. , Smith Wendy J. , Earl Helena M. , Souhami Robert L. , Isaacson Peter G. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractEighteen cases of adult T‐cell lymphoma have been studied with respect to clinical presentation, response to treatment, histology, enzyme histochemistry, immunocytochemistry, and gene rearrangement. Seven cases (39 per cent) presented at extra‐nodal sites, and the age range was from 18 to 79. Treatment was with combination chemotherapy in most cases, and 11 of the 18 patients died within the three year follow‐up period. The lymphomas were classified morphologically into six types; T‐lymphoblastic lymphoma (TLL), angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy (AIL)‐like T‐cell lymphoma, T‐zone lymphoma, pleomorphic mixed medium and large cell T‐cell lymphoma (PMMLC), pleomorphic large cell T‐cell lymphoma (PLC), and monomorphic large cell T‐cell lymphoma (MLC). Enzyme histochemistry was found to be of limited value in the identification of T‐cell lymphomas. Immunocytochemistry showed a degree of correlation between the immunological profile and morphology, with cases in the PLC and MLC groups showing limited expression of T‐cell antigens. Re‐arrangement of the β chain of the T‐cell receptor gene was detected in 12 of the 14 cases studied, and all showed germ‐line immunoglobulin genes. The study emphasizes the varied morphological and clinical appearances of adult T‐cell lymphoma.
Morphological observations on the gallbladder of ground squirrels fed a lithogenic diet
Authors: Pemsingh Ramjeet S. , Macpherson Brian R. , Scott Gerald W. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractRichardson's ground squirrels (Spermophilus richardsonii) of both sexes were fed a 2 per cent cholesterol‐enriched rat chow diet for intervals of 1, 2, 10 and 20 weeks. Light microscopy and 3H‐thymidine autoradiography revealed an increase in cell proliferation prior to the occurrence of macroscopically visible stones, but in the presence of crystals and microliths. Transmission electron microscopy studies showed that columnar epithelial cells undergo mitosis rather than basal cells and that oedematous cells were extruded from the epithelial sheet. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy studies on gallbladders of animals fed the lithogenic diet for 10 and 20 weeks revealed damaged epithelial cells either singly or in groups. Neighbouring cells often slide under the basal aspects of cells being extruded. Hypertrophy, hyperplasia, Rokitansky‐Aschoff sinuses, thickening of the lamina propria around the muscle bundles and inflammatory cells in the lamina propria began to occur about the time macroscopically visible stones were present. The epithelium of the Richardson's ground squirrel gallbladder is damaged more slowly than that of other animal models by a cholesterol‐enriched, lithogenic diet and may more accurately reflect changes occurring in human cholecystitis.
The pathogenesis of beta cell destruction in type I (insulin‐dependent) diabetes mellitus
Authors: Foulis Alan K. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIn a study of pancreases from 75 patients who died at presentation of Type I diabetes there was selective destruction of beta cells associated with islet inflammation (insulitis). According to a recent hypothesis, aberrant expression of Class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) products on a target cell may allow presentation of organ specific surface antigen(s) to potentially autoreactive T helper lymphocytes and thus lead to autoimmunity. Aberrant expression of Class II MHC was demonstrated immunohistochemically on beta cells in 21 out of 23 patients with recent onset diabetes. No such expression was seen on the other pancreatic endocrine cells. Ninety‐four per cent of insulin‐containing islets in these patients had marked hyperexpressions of Class I MHC affecting all endocrine cells in these islets. Insulin deficient islets were not thus affected. Both these abnormalities of MHC expression appeared to precede insulitis within a given islet and appeared to be unique to Type I diabetes, being absent in pancreases of patients with Type II diabetes, chronic pancreatitis, cystic fibrosis, graft‐versus‐host disease and Coxackie B viral pancreatitis. The development of autoimmunity to beta cells in Type I diabetes may be a ‘multistep’ process in which abnormalities of MHC expression are crucial events.
Immunohistochemical analysis of HLA antigens and mononuclear infiltrates of benign and malignant breast
Authors: Zuk John A. , Walker Rosemary A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractUsing immunohistochemistry, the epithelial expression of HLA Class I and II antigens (and β2 microglobulin) was compared in benign and malignant breast, and the stromal lympho‐histiocytic infiltrate of these tissues quantified. The findings were compared with certain characteristics of the carcinomas. In contrast to other studies, malignancy was found to be associated with a far greater infiltrate of both lymphocytes and macrophages. In carcinomas, lymphocyte but not macrophage numbers showed a positive correlation with epithelial HLA ABC and HLA DR expression. This was particularly striking for T lymphocytes and especially for the T4 subset. The histological grade of carcinoma is closely related to the degree of HLA ABC and β2 microglobulin expression, but no such relationship was found for HLA DR. There were greater numbers of mononuclear cells in the poorer differentiated tumours compared with other grades. Those carcinomas with evidence of lymph node metastasis contained greater numbers of macrophages identified by the antibody Y1/82A, but none of the other parameters studied was found to be associated with local lymph node status. The use of a large panel of monoclonal antibodies against various cellular subtypes has allowed a more detailed analysis of the interaction between breast epithelium and the host response.