bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of the Variety and Processing Method on the Productivity and Quality of Date Molasses
Authors: Al-Safy Haider M. T. , Ali Riyadh Sh. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the impact of date cultivar and processing technique on the chemical composition, qualitative attributes, and quantitative characteristics of date molasses. Two Iraqi date varieties, namely Al-Zuhdi and Al-Khastawi, were chosen during the date stage to produce date molasses using three established methods: the Madabis method, the foundry method (hot water) and the modern mechanical method (synergistic). The results of the comparison of the physical characteristics of the fruits of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) between the two cultivars Zahdi and Khastawi showed that the fruits of the Khastawi variety were superior to the Zahdi variety in weight, length, diameter, size, and weight of the fleshy part. Significant differences were also recorded in the chemical properties of the dates used in the study, as the Zuhdi variety recorded the highest percentage of ash, protein, fat and total acidity, while the Khastawi variety recorded the highest percentage of total sugars. The results showed that there were significant differences between the studied molasses samples in terms of production, as the sample (Khastawi W3) of molasses produced by the synergistic method recorded the highest production rate of date molasses (643.7) g / kg of dates, with a slight difference from the closest value recorded by the same manufacturing method for the Zahdi variety (591.3). g/kg). As for the biological test for the microbial molasses content of bacteria and molds, the molasses manufactured by three methods and for the two varieties under study met the limits of microbiological safety, under normal storage conditions at room temperature even after 90 days without recording any microbiological infection. All samples of molasses were accepted with a very good degree in the sensory evaluation of the qualities of texture, smell, taste and color, while the Zahdi variety by the traditional cold pressing method (Madabis) scored the best final acceptance score.
Effect of Addition Different Levels of Organic, Inorganic and Nano-Se to the Diet of Broiler Chickens (Ross 308) Exposed to Heat Stress on Characteristics Blood Cellular and some Indicators of Oxidative Stress
Authors: Kazem Saad Mohammed Hussein , Al-Khafaji Fadhil R. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This study was conducted at Al-Anwar Poultry Station in Babil Governorate Iraq for 35 days, from July 10, 2022 to August 17, 2022, in order to demonstrate effect of different concentrations of organic, inorganic, and nano-selenium added to the broiler diet on characteristics blood and under conditions of heat stress, 560 chicks of one day old (Ross 308) were used without identifying their sex and divided randomly into 7 treatments with 4 replicates for each treatment, and each replicate included 20 chicks. The first treatment, T1, was the control treatment without addition, and organic selenium was added in the second and third treatments (T2 & T3) concentration of (1 & 1.5 mg / kg), respectively, while the fourth and fifth treatment (T4 & T5) inorganic selenium was added concentration of (1 & 1. 5 mg / kg), respectively, while the sixth and seventh treatment (T6 & T7) included the addition of nano-Se concentration of (1 & 1.5 mg / kg), respectively. The results of study showed following: (1) T7 treatments outperformed all examined treatments in terms of Red blood cell count and Packed cell volume with highly significant (P≤0.01) and results of the statistical analysis didn’t show any significant difference between the studied treatments in the concentration of hemoglobin in the blood. (2) The results show that there was a high significant increase (p ≤ 0.01) in percentage of lymphocytes in all addition treatments compared to the control, unlike heterophil cells, and percentage of H/L whose percentages were significantly low in all addition treatments compared to the control treatment. (3) There was a significant increase (p ≤ 0.01) in the concentration of ALT and GSH enzyme in T2 compared to all treatments, while AST enzyme increased significantly (p ≤ 0.01) in the serum of T3 treated birds compared to control, also a significant increase in MDA observed in T4 over all studied treatments.
Effect of Glass Wool and Sephadex Sperm Separation Techniques on Improving the Poor Quality Semen of Iraqi Buffalo Bulls
Authors: Alwaeli Saif N. , Eidan S. M. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This study investigated the effect of glass wool and Sephadex separation techniques on improving the poor semen quality of buffalo bulls. Semen had divided into four groups. The first and second groups used good (G1, positive control) and poor-quality semen (G2, negative control). Glass wool (G3) and Sephadex (G4) techniques had used to separate the poor semen quality in the 3rd-4th groups, respectively. The sperm concentration and total abnormalities were lower in the G3 and G4 groups than in the G2 group. Motility increased in the G4 group compared to the G2 group. Live sperm, normal morphology, plasma membrane, and acrosome integrity were higher in groups G4 and G3 than in the G2 group. In conclusion, after separation, there was a decrease in sperm concentration compared to non-separation. This decrease had compensated by a proportionate increase in other semen characteristics, which may improve the conception rate via artificial insemination with filtered semen.
Relationship of TRHDE Gene Polymorphism and Performance of Local Awassi Lambs
Authors: Abass Enas R. , Sundos F. M. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This study was conducted at the farm of animal production department / college of agricultural engineering sciences/ University of Baghdad, to detect the TRHDE gene polymorphism and its association with productive performance, daily gain, live weight gains and some characteristic of fat carcass on local Awassi lambs from 22/1/2022 to 2/4/2022. The experiment was conducted to study the effect of genetic polymorphism of the TRHDE gene on some nutritional traits in 40 Awassi lambs. There were three polymorphism appear in this variant (A>G SNP), which are AA, AG and GG, and their percentage was 70, 25, 5%, respectively. The results show that highly Significant (P≤0.01) with Polymorphism GG on total weight gain, While the wild genotype AA was superior to the genotype GG in feed conversion ratio and there no significant effect in carcass fat production. It can be concluded that the TRHDE gene polymorphism is related to the productive traits of Awassi lambs.
Effect of Moringa oleifera Leaf Powder on Awassi Ewe’s Blood Parameters
Authors: Habeeb Hayder Mohammed Hassan , Ali aljebori Rwaida Adnan , Mahdi Ahmed , Hamza Husain Faris , Kamil Badir Rageh 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the effect of Moringa oleifera leaf powder on blood parameters of Awassi ewes. Nine healthy ewes were divided into three groups, and Moringa leaf powder was given orally in concentrations of 0 g (control group), 10 g (T1), and 40 g (T2) two times a week for four weeks. The results showed that the treatment with Moringa leaf powder increased the Red Blood Cell number (RBC) in a time-dependent manner. Specifically, the RBC numbers (million/ml) were 7.68 ±0.26 in the control, 8.69 ±0.27 in T1 and 8.67 ±0.09 in T2 after two weeks of the treatment, and 7.89 ±0.28 in the control, 8.65 ±0.25 in T1, 8.57 ±0.05 in T2 after four weeks. Moreover, treating ewes with 10 g of moringa leaf powder increased significantly the hemoglobin concentration (HGB) and the Hematocrit (HCTP) in comparison to the control animals. HGB concentration (mg/ml) values were 8.56 ±0.20 in the control, 9.86 ±0.37 in T1 9.51 ±0.17 in T2 after two weeks, and 8.56 ±0.20 in the control, 9.86 ±0.37 in T1, 9.51 ±0.17 in T2 after four weeks. While HCTP values (%) were 23.80 ±0.96 in the control, 27.26 ±0.99 in T1, 26.00 ±0.51 in T2 after two weeks, and 23.80 ±0.96 in the control. 27.26 ±0.99 in T1, 26.00 ±0.51 in T2, after four weeks. Interestingly, the biweekly doses of 10 g of the moringa leaf powder, significantly decreased the mean platelet volume (MVP) from 6.60 ±0.21 in the control animals to 6.03 ±0.09 in T1 animals after two weeks, and the monocyte concentration from 9.22 ±0.37 in the control animals to 7.65 ±0.14 in T1 animals. Yet, blood parameters analysis, did not reveal any effects of the moringa treatment on the other analyzed parameters, Corpuscular Volume Test (CVT), Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH), Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC), RDWP, Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW-a), platelet (PLT), White Blood Cell count (WBC), Lymphocyte (%), Granulocyte. (%). In conclusion, the study suggests that treating Awassi ewes with biweekly doses of 10 g of Moringa leaf powder could improve some of the blood parameters, such as RBC, HGB, HCTP. However, more studies are warrant to confirm these findings and determine the optimal dosage and duration of Moringa treatment.
Length-Weight Relationship and Condition Factor for Eight Fish Species from One Drain in Al-Alam Distric–Salah al Din Province-Iraq
Authors: Hassan Ahmad S. , Wahab Nehad K. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Length-weight relationship and condition factor for 257 Chondrostoma regium, 172 Carassius auratus, 50 Carasobarbus luteus, 24 Alburnus mossulensis, 13 Cyprinion kais, 12 Acanthobrama marmid, 10 Cyprinion macrostomum and 8 Gambusia holbrooki collected from one drain located in the Ahed arean/Al-Alam District during the period from 1/10/2022 to 31/3/2023. Regression coefficients for fish species ranged from 2.288 to 3.152. The growth pattern for G. holbrooki, A. mossulensis, C. auratus, A. marmid, C. kais and C. regium was negative allometric, while for C. luteus and C. macrostomum was positive with b values 3.144 and 1.152 respectively. The values for condition factor ranged from 0.797 to 1.617. Condition factor for all species was more than one except for A. mossulensis and C. regium.
Effect of Feeding Different Percentage of Biomass of a Certified Commercial Diet on Growth Performance and Feed Utilization for Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)
Authors: Fayyad Al-Hamza A. , Abedalhammed H. S. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This study was conducted at fish laboratory affiliated to the department of animal production/college of agriculture/University Of Anbar. The experiment lasted eight weeks in Aquatic Recirculating System ARS from 5th Sep 2022 to 31 Oct 2022, to examine the appropriate nutrient ratios of commercial diet For Common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). One hundred twenty-six fingerlings fish with 35.44± 0.44 gm. Weight randomly divided in to six treatment by three replicates, seven fish for each replicate. It housed in aquaria, with a capacity of 50 liters, its dimensions are 30 × 30 × 60 cm for each one. All fish had fed on the same diets, they were fed as follows (T1) is unlimited, open until saturation, and the other treatments T2, T3, T4, T5 and T6 were fed by 3%, 4%, 5%, 6% and 7%, respectively from their biomass weight ratio on two meals a day. The rustle showed that T4, T5 and T6 had significant increase (P≤0.05) in final weight (FW), weight gain (WG), daily weight gain (DWG), relative growth rate (RGR), specific growth rate (SGR) as compared with others. This study it could concluded, feeding fish 4% or 5% from biomass weight ratio improving growth performance and decrease wasted fodder.
Effect of Partial or Total Substitution of Local Raw or Roasted Sesame Seed Powder in Laying Hens Diets on Productive Traits
Authors: Al-Qaisi Ali Hadi Mohammad , Al-Jabari Qana Hussein Amin 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This study was conducted in the poultry field of the Department of Animal Production, College of Agriculture, University of Kirkuk, to investigate the effect of partially or completely substituting raw or roasted local sesame seed meal in laying hens’ diets on their productive traits. The experiment consisted of 7 treatments with 24 chickens per treatment and 6 replications for each treatment (4 chickens per replicate) over a period of 20 weeks. The birds were fed experimental diets, including a control diet with 100% soybean meal. In the second treatment, 33% of the soybean meal was replaced with raw local sesame seed meal, while in the third treatment, 66% of the soybean meal was replaced. The fourth treatment completely replaced the soybean meal with raw local sesame seed meal. Additionally, the fifth, sixth, and seventh treatments replaced 33%, 66%, and 100% of the soybean meal, respectively, with roasted sesame seed meal. The statistical analysis results indicated that there were no significant differences (P≤0.05) between the experimental and control treatments in most productive traits, such as egg production, egg weight, egg mass, and feed consumption rate when substituting sesame seed meal (raw or roasted) up to 33% of the soybean meal. However, when the percentage of sesame seed meal (raw or roasted) was increased to 66% and 100% as replacements for soybean meal, a significant decrease (P≤0.05) was observed in most productive traits (egg production, egg mass, feed consumption rate). Regarding the feed conversion factor (grams of feed/grams of eggs) and mortality, no significant differences were observed between the experimental and control treatments. In conclusion, this study suggests that replacing up to 33% of soybean meal with sesame seed meal (raw or roasted) in laying hens’ diets did not significantly affect their productive traits. However, higher substitution percentages (66% and 100%) resulted in a decrease in the mentioned traits. The feed conversion factor and mortality rates were not significantly affected by the substitution of sesame seed meal.
Substituting Fishmeal and Fish by-Products (Internal Organs) for Imported Animal Protein
Authors: Al-Saadi Athraa Shaker Talib , Al-Obaidi Tugreed Sadiq Mohsen 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of using different levels of dried carob powder combined with different proportions of dried fish offal (internal organs) as a substitute for animal protein in some growth parameters of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). The experiment took place at the fish hatchery of the Livestock Department in Swera, Wasit, Iraq. Eight circular containers were used in the experiment, consisting of 4 treatments with 2 replicates for each treatment. A total of 200 fingerlings weighing 52 grams each were randomly distributed among the containers, and the experiment lasted for 70 days. The results showed that treatment T2 outperformed the other treatments in terms of growth parameters. The total weight gain of fish in T2 exceeded that of the other treatments, recording the highest overall weight gain rate. Additionally, T2 had the highest relative and specific growth rates, indicating the fish’s utilization of the feed supplemented with 25% carob powder and 16.7% fish offal as a substitute for animal protein. Based on the study, it can be concluded that carob powder and fish offal (internal organs) can be used as alternatives to animal protein in the diets of common carp, serving as a source of animal protein. This contributes to improving the feed and protein quality, as evidenced by improvements in some growth parameters.
The Relationship of the Genotype of the LEPR Gene with a Number of Carcass Traits of Sheep
Authors: Abdali Najla’a Abdalamyr , Salim Abdullah Hameed 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This study was conducted in Suq Al-Shuyoukh district, south of Thi-Qar Governorate, on local sheep group, included the slaughter of a sample of sheep consisting of 48 animals. The live body weight, the age and sex of the animal were recorded, and a blood sample was taken for each animal, and some carcass traits have been recorded. Blood samples were used for the purpose of DNA extraction (Molecular screening of the target segment of the leptin receptor gene, with the aim of determining the genotypes of the leptin receptor gene, by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technology, and the relationship genotypes to a number of carcass traits of local sheep). The results of the PCR analysis of the leptin receptor gene (LEPR) of local sheep, showed the presence of a single mutation at position 227 within the studied region of the leptin receptor gene, appeared with three genotypes: AA, AG, and GG, in which the nitrogenous base A changed to G, the mutation occurred in the region of intron number 8. No change or mutation occurred in exon 8, as for the location of the mutation on chromosome No. 20, it occurred at site 41221676, therefore, this mutation is considered a silent mutation, it produced three genotypes: AG, AA, and GG, and their distribution rates were 62, 21, and 17%, respectively. The difference between these percentages was highly significant, by calculating the allelic frequency, the A allele was superior (0.52) over the G allele (0.48) of the leptin receptor gene in the studied sheep sample. The results of the current study showed highly significant differences (P<0.01) between the three genotypes of the target gene segment of the leptin receptor gene LEPR for most of the studied traits.
Effect of Methods of Adding Red Ginseng on some Productive Traits of Laying Hens
Authors: Abdul-Sada Saad Atta Allah , Al-Abbas Wafaa Nasar Allah Abd , Al-Gharawi Jassim Kassim 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
For 12 weeks, from October 15, 2022, to January 7, 2023, researchers at Al-Muthanna University’s Agricultural Research and Experiment Station examined the impact of different methods for administering red ginseng root on a selection of laying hens’ blood parameters. Sixty 43-week-old ISA Brown laying hens were split into four treatments, each with fifteen hens. Each treatment’s pens were three metres by three metres, and each pen was divided into thirds so that each third included five hens. The following procedures were used: In T1 (the placebo group), the regular diet was served without any alterations. T2: Combine 1 gramme of alcoholic extract with 1 litre of water. T3: The diet included 1 gramme of powdered red ginseng root per kilogramme of feed. T4: Ten millilitres of red ginseng root aqueous extract per one litre of water was added to the supply. The results show that compared to the control treatment, all treatments in which ginseng root powder was administered significantly increased the egg production ratio, egg weight, egg mass, and feed conversion factor of the laying hens tested. The best outcomes, by a wide margin, were achieved with the addition of alcoholic extract to drinking water.
Effect of Adding Lion’s Mane (Hericium erinaceus) and Reishi Mushroom (Ganoderma Lucidum) to Broiler Diets on the Productive Performance
Authors: Al-Azzawi Reem Raad Ahmed , Bandr Luma Khaled 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Research on the effects of supplementing broiler diets with Lion’s mane (Hericium erinaceus) and Reishi Mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum) was conducted in the field from March 22, 2022, to April 18, 2022, by the Department of Animal Production in the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences at the University of Baghdad in Abu Ghraib. There were a total of 210 one-day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks employed in this study (10 birds per replicate), and they were fed a starter diet for the first 10 days, a growth diet for the next 11-24 days, and a final diet for the last 25-42 days. The birds were randomly assigned to one of seven treatments, with three replicates per treatment and ten birds in each replicate. The experimental procedures included:Treatment 1 (T1) is a diet with no extra ingredients. The second diet (T2) includes 1 g/kg of lion’s mane (Hericium erinaceus) fodder, the third diet (T3) includes 1.5 g/kg of lion’s mane (Hericium erinaceus), and the fourth diet (T4) includes 2 g/kg of lion’s mane (Hericium erinaceus), the fifth diet (T5) includes 1 g/kg of reishi mushroom (Ganoderma Treatments T4 (2 g/kg of Lion’s mane (Hericium erinaceus) and T6 (1.5 gm of Reishi Mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum)) were superior on the control treatment T1 in the sixth week, while in the fifth week, treatment T6 (1.5 g/kg of Reishi Mushroom) showed a significant increase in weekly average body weight over the control treatment T1. The ratio of weight gain to treatment time was found to be significantly higher for treatments T4 and T6 compared to the control treatment T1 (P<0.01). At 6 weeks of age, the feed consumption ratio increased significantly for treatments T5, T6, and T7 compared to the control treatment T1, and a high significant improvement (P<0.01) in the feed conversion ratio was observed, most notably for the birds in treatment T4, to which Lion’s mane (Hericium erinaceus) was added to their diets at a rate of 2 g / kg. There was a significant (P≤0.05) increase in the relative weight of the liver for birds of treatment T2 (1g/kg Lion’s mane (Hericium erinaceus) and T6 (1.5g/kg Reishi Mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum)) compared to the control treatment T1. The results of this investigation suggest that varying concentrations of Lion’s mane (Hericium erinaceus) and Reishi Mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum) may help boost grill performance.
Effect of Supplemented Alcoholic Extract of Annatto (Bixa orellara) Seeds and α-Tocotrienol to Soy-Bean Lecithin Extender on Some Biomarkers of Cryopreserved Semen of Holstein Bulls
Authors: Rehan Mohammed Majeed Ali , Banana Husam Jasim Hussein 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this research was to examine the impact of Soy-bean lecithin extender combined with different quantities of alcoholic extract of annatto (Bixa orellara) and - tocotrienol on sperm abnormalities and certain biomarkers of Holstein bulls semen after being frozen for varying lengths of time. In the experiment, bull semen was pooled, diluted with Soy-bean lecithin extender, and distributed randomly among five groups: Diluted semen was put through the semen cryopreservation technique; the control treatment (C) consisted solely of soy-bean lecithin extender; T1 included 150mg annatto extract/25 ml; T2 contained 200mg annatto extract/25 ml; T3 contained 3mM tocotreinol; and T4 contained 4mM tocotreinol. After 48 hours, 3 months, and 6 months, both chilled and frozen semen were evaluated for abnormalities, Malondialdehyde (MDA), Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) concentration, and DNA fragmentation percentage. As shown by the data, there were no significant differences between the treatments in terms of total abnormalities in sperm after any of the cryopreservation times, but there were significant differences in terms of MDA and DNA fragmentation. Some of the biomarkers in Holstein bulls’ sperm were found to be significantly improved when a combination of alcoholic extract of annatto(Bixa orellara) and tocotrienol was added to Soy-bean lecithin.