bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self‐similar wavepackets for describing warm dense matter
Authors: Murillo M.S. , Timmermans E. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractUsing the time dependent variational principle, we develop a general formulation of single particle quantum dynamics within the assumption that the wavepacket's density remains self‐similar. We obtain the amplitudephase relationship from the continuity equation. We investigate the ground state properties of waves with Gaussian and exponential densities in hydrogenic and helium‐like systems. We show that the exponential wavepackets yield superior ground state energies ‐ an important advantage in describing warm dense matter (T < 50 eV) in which bound states form. Exponentials yield an improved ground state energy for molecular hydrogen, but with a bond length 13% short of the experimental value. (© 2003 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Results of lightning impulse tests for a 275‐kV full GIS substation
Authors: Hatano Ryosuke , Ishikawa Yasuhisa , Ueda Toshiaki , Nojima Kenichi , Motoyama Hideki 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThis paper describes the outline and results of the lightning impulse tests for a 275‐kV full GIS substation. The behavior of lightning surges is a very important factor for the rational design of substations and low‐voltage and control circuits inside the substations. For the above reason, we carried out lightning impulse tests for a new 275‐kV full GIS substation. In these tests, we measured voltage induced in low‐voltage and control circuits, transient characteristics of grounding grid, injected voltage and current waveforms, and so on.By investigating these data, we confirmed the behavior of lightning surges inside the substation. We also compared simulated waveforms by EMTP analysis with the measured waveforms. The simulated results agreed well with the measured results. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 146(1): 46–58, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10230
Differential Pulse Polarography for a First‐Order EC Process and Its Diagnostic Parameters
Authors: Kim Myung‐Hoon , Yan Lei , Birke Ronald L. , Czae Myung‐Zoon 
Published: October 2003

AbstractTheoretical expressions for differential pulse polarography (DPP) for a reversible electron transfer coupled with an irreversible follow‐up first‐order chemical reaction (ErCi) is derived approximately. The peaks as given by the current expressions are analyzed in terms of several parameters such as a ratio of anodic‐to‐cathodic peak‐currents (ipa/ipc), a separation of peak‐potentials (Epc−Epa), and a ratio of anodic‐to‐cathodic half‐peak‐widths (W1/2a/W1/2c) in order to characterize the ErCi process and distinguish it from other types of electrode processes. The anodic peak is found to be more susceptible to the post kinetics than the cathodic peak. The new parameter of W1/2a/W1/2c ratio is much more sensitive to the post kinetics than the peak separation (Epc−Epa). The peak current ratio (ipa/ipc) and the peak‐width ratio (W1/2a/W1/2c) have comparable sensitivities to the kinetics. Hence, W1/2a/W1/2c ratio is a better diagnostic parameters than (Epc−Epa) which has a poor sensitivity. This phenomenon is different from cyclic voltammetry (CV) in which Epc−Epa is as sensitive as ipa/ipc. The new criteria for EC with DPV is tested and successfully applied to several Co(III) complex systems, including coenzyme B12. The homogeneous rate constant (k) for the follow‐up step is estimated from the measurements of the experimental values of the parameters. The present treatment is valid quantitatively at lower values of k, yielding relatively larger errors for higher k values (k>10 s−1).
Rat liver transplantation for total vascular reconstruction, using a suture method
Authors: Inoue Seiichiro , Tahara Kazunori , Shimizu Hisashi , Yoshino Hiroyuki , Suzuki Chihiro , Kaneko Takashi , Hakamata Yoji , Takahashi Masafumi , Murakami Takashi , Kaneko Michio , Kobayashi Eiji 
Published: October 2003

AbstractWe developed a novel protocol for rat orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT), using a suture method to establish hepatic artery flow. After determining that early inferior vena cava (IVC) unclamping maintained better circulation compared with the portal vein (PV) using porto‐systemic shunted recipients, we developed a rat OLT model with total vascular reconstruction using a suture method. After connecting the suprahepatic IVC, the infrahepatic IVC was anastomosed, using a running suture method. IVC circulation was established immediately. The PV was anastomosed without intestinal congestion, using porto‐systemic shunted recipients. The aortic conduit, including the donor celiac and hepatic artery, was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta end‐to‐side. Eight of 11 OLT cases (72.7%) survived indefinitely. Biliary connection was achieved using a one‐stent method. Three cases died 3–5 days postoperatively. Hepatic angiography showed good patency. The graft liver was histologically normal in long‐surviving rats. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MICROSURGERY 23:470–475 2003
Ischemia and hepatic reperfusion: Is it possible to reduce hepatic alterations?
Authors: Lanteri Raffaele , Greco Raffaele , Licitra Edelweiss , Di Benedetto Fabrizio , Li Destri Giovanni , Di Cataldo Antonio 
Published: October 2003

AbstractOur aim was to evaluate liver damage after ischemia and reperfusion, and at the same time test the effectiveness of some drugs in preventing these alterations. For this study, we utilized 50 rats divided into four groups: three underwent hepatic ischemia through occlusion of the portal vein and hepatic artery for 30 min, and one underwent a sham operation. In all groups, hepatic enzymes and bilirubine were tested at 2 h, 3 h, 4 h, 24 h, and 30 h. The drugs utilized were: L‐arginine, donor of nitric oxide, and L‐canavanine, inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Our data showed that the drugs tested could make an improvement in hepatic function after ischemia/reperfusion, preventing its damage. These preliminary results could suggest a clinical application in order to prolong ischemic period during liver transplantation or liver resection in cirrhotic patients.Valutare il danno epatico dopo ischemia e riperfusione e nello stesso tempo testare l'efficacia di alcune sostanze nel prevenire queste alterazioni. Per questo studio sono stati utilizzati 50 ratti divisi in quattro gruppi: tre sono stati sottoposti ad ischemia epatica attraverso occlusione della vena porta e dell'arteria epatica per 30 minuti ed uno è stato sottoposto a sham operation. In tutti i gruppi sono stati dosati gli enzimi epatici e la bilirubina a 2, 3, 4, 24, e 30 ore. I farmaci utilizzati sono stati: L‐arginina, donatore di ossido nitrico, e L‐canavanina, inibitore della ossido nitrico sintetasi (NOS). In conclusione, nel nostro studio, i dati dimostrano che le sostanze testate potrebbero portare un miglioramento nella funzionalità epatica dopo ischemia/riperfusione prevenendo il danno. Questi dai preliminari potrebbero suggerire l'applicazione clinica finalizzata a prolungare il periodo di ischemia durante il trapianto o la resezione epatica nei pazienti cirrotici. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MICROSURGERY 23:458–460 2003
Vasectomy reversal and spermatic granuloma: Experimental investigation
Authors: Cavallaro Giuseppe , Cavallaro Emanuela 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe aim of our study was to investigate the healing process after vasectomy reversal, comparing two suturing techniques. Eighty Wistar rats received a two‐layer vaso‐vasostomy on the right side, and 40 of them also received a single‐layer vaso‐vasostomy on the left side. Twenty rats each time were sacrificed at 30, 45, 60, and 90 days. Results were evaluated in order to compare the two techniques used and to describe the progression of healing, with special reference to anastomotic patency rate, histologic aspect of the epididymus and testicle, and the presence and size of spermatic granuloma. We observed 45% patency with the double‐layer technique compared to 20% with the single‐layer technique. The testicle appeared atrophic in 20% of double‐layer cases compared to 40% of single‐layer cases. Comparison over time showed a progressive increase in patency of the anastomosis, reduction of spermatic granuloma, and regression of testicular damage. Our results show the superiority of the double‐layer technique, and contribute to an understanding of the role of two different suturing techniques in the outcome of vasectomy reversal. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MICROSURGERY 23:437–439 2003
Administration of antisense oligodeoxyribonucleotides targeting NF‐κB prolongs allograft survival via suppression of cytotoxicity
Authors: Chen Zongyou , Lu Lina , Zhang Hong , Dean Nicholas M. , Fung John J. , Qian Shiguang 
Published: October 2003

AbstractPresentation of alloantigens by antigen‐presenting cells (APC) deficient in expression of costimulatory molecules (CM) induces alloantigen‐specific hyporesponsiveness or tolerance. NF‐κB has been shown to be a crucial transcription factor that regulates CM expression on the surface of APC. We designed an antisense phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) to specifically inhibit mRNA of mouse NF‐κB, resulting in a deficiency in CM expression on APC that may prolong organ allograft survival. Anti‐NF‐κB ODN was delivered systemically by an osmotic pump implanted in the abdominal cavity of recipients following transplantation of vascularized heart allografts. The animals in control groups were given scrambled control ODN or were left untreated. Normal C3H (H2k) recipients rejected B10 (H2b) heart allografts at a median survival time (MST) of 15 days. A 14‐day administration of 12.5 mg/kg/day anti‐NF‐κB ODN prolonged the survival of cardiac allografts to an MST of 25 days (P <0.05). In contrast, a scrambled control ODN was not effective (MST 17 days, P >0.05 compared to untreated controls). To investigate the underlying mechanisms of the immunosuppressive effect of anti‐NF‐κB ODN administration, graft infiltrating cells, spleen cells, and serum were collected from animals on day 7 posttransplant. Freshly isolated graft‐infiltrating cells from anti‐NF‐κB ODN‐treated recipients exhibited significantly decreased donor‐specific CTL activity. Generation of CTL activity of spleen T cells from anti‐NF‐κB ODN‐treated recipients was also impaired compared with untreated animals. Administration of anti‐NF‐κB ODN did not influence the titers of complement‐dependent cytotoxic antibodies. These data suggest that treatment with anti‐NF‐κB ODN markedly inhibits the cellular response of allograft recipients, resulting in significant prolongation of allograft survival. Antisense ODN therapy targeting NF‐κcB may be a novel strategy for future immunosuppressive therapy. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MICROSURGERY 23:494–497 2003
Kondo resonances in an Aharonov–Bohm ring with an in‐line quantum dot
Authors: Wu Shaoquan , Wang Shunjin , Sun Weili , Yu Wanlun 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe properties of the ground state of a closed dot‐ring system with a magnetic flux in the Kondo regime are studied theoretically by means of a one‐impurity Anderson Hamiltonian. The Hamiltonian is solved by means of the slave‐boson mean‐field theory. It is shown that at T = 0, a suppressed Kondo effect exists in this system even when the mean level spacing of electrons in the ring is larger than the bulk Kondo temperature; the physical quantities of this system depend sensitively on both the parity of the system and the size of the ring; the rich physical behavior of this system can attributed to the coexistence of both the finite‐size effect and the Kondo screening effect in this system. It is also possible to detect the Kondo screening cloud by measuring the PC or the zero field impurity susceptibility χimp directly in future experiments.
5th International Conference on Nitride Semiconductors (ICNS‐5), Nara, Japan, 25–30 May 2003
Authors: Hoffmann A. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractConference Reports are meant to offer an authoritative view on a recently held scientific meeting rather than a comprehensive list of the conference presentations. Authors are invited to describe what they feel were the most interesting contributions.The full Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Nitride Semiconductors (ICNS‐5) will be published in phys. stat. sol. (c) 0, No. 7 in November 2003. Conference papers will also be published in phys. stat. sol. (b) 240, No. 2 and phys. stat. sol. (a) 200, No. 1. (© 2003 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Color realism and color science
Authors: Byrne Alex , Hilbert David R. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe target article is an attempt to make some progress on the problem of color realism. Are objects colored? And what is the nature of the color properties? We defend the view that physical objects (for instance, tomatoes, radishes, and rubies) are colored, and that colors are physical properties, specifically, types of reflectance. This is probably a minority opinion, at least among color scientists. Textbooks frequently claim that physical objects are not colored, and that the colors are “subjective” or “in the mind.” The article has two other purposes: First, to introduce an interdisciplinary audience to some distinctively philosophical tools that are useful in tackling the problem of color realism and, second, to clarify the various positions and central arguments in the debate.The first part explains the problem of color realism and makes some useful distinctions. These distinctions are then used to expose various confusions that often prevent people from seeing that the issues are genuine and difficult, and that the problem of color realism ought to be of interest to anyone working in the field of color science. The second part explains the various leading answers to the problem of color realism, and (briefly) argues that all views other than our own have serious difficulties or are unmotivated. The third part explains and motivates our own view, that colors are types of reflectances and defends it against objections made in the recent literature that are often taken as fatal.
Prediction of regulatory networks: genome-wide identification of transcription factor targets from gene expression data
Authors: Qian Jiang , Lin Jimmy , Luscombe Nicholas M. , Yu Haiyuan , Gerstein Mark 
Published: October 2003

Abstract
Motivation: Defining regulatory networks, linking transcription factors (TFs) to their targets, is a central problem in post-genomic biology. One might imagine one could readily determine these networks through inspection of gene expression data. However, the relationship between the expression timecourse of a transcription factor and its target is not obvious (e.g. simple correlation over the timecourse), and current analysis methods, such as hierarchical clustering, have not been very successful in deciphering them.
Results: Here we introduce an approach based on support vector machines (SVMs) to predict the targets of a transcription factor by identifying subtle relationships between their expression profiles. In particular, we used SVMs to predict the regulatory targets for 36 transcription factors in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome based on the microarray expression data from many different physiological conditions. We trained and tested our SVM on a data set constructed to include a significant number of both positive and negative examples, directly addressing data imbalance issues. This was non-trivial given that most of the known experimental information is only for positives. Overall, we found that 63% of our TF–target relationships were confirmed through cross-validation. We further assessed the performance of our regulatory network identifications by comparing them with the results from two recent genome-wide ChIP-chip experiments. Overall, we find the agreement between our results and these experiments is comparable to the agreement (albeit low) between the two experiments. We find that this network has a delocalized structure with respect to chromosomal positioning, with a given transcription factor having targets spread fairly uniformly across the genome.
Availability: The overall network of the relationships is available on the web at http://bioinfo.mbb.yale.edu/expression/echipchip
Impaired recovery of syllable repertoires after unilateral lesions of the HVC of male domesticated canaries
Authors: Halle  , Gahr  , Kreutzer  
Published: October 2003

Abstract
Particular features of the song of adult male canaries such as a large syllable repertoire resulting in a great diversity of song phrases and special so-called 'complex' syllables enhance various features of female reproductive behaviour. These features are produced in a species or strain dependent manner during expiration by the left, the right, or the sequential activity of the left and right syrinx halves, independently working sound sources of songbirds. The activity of each syrinx half appears to be controlled by an ipsilateral, anatomically symmetric network of interconnected brain nuclei involving the High Vocal Centre (HVC), while expiration appears to involve both the left and right descending motor pathway. Waterschlager canaries with a left-sided syringeal dominance recover their repertoire size after unilateral left-sided lesion of the HVC over several months and do not experience syllable deficiency after unilateral right-sided HVC lesions. Here we report on the recovery of the syllable repertoire of domesticated Non-Waterschlager canaries during several months after lesion of either the left or right HVC. Despite the recovery of the initially degenerated song structure after either lesion, the males show a permanent reduction of about 60% of their syllable repertoire size in relation to the permanent loss of HVC neurons. In particular, most complex syllables and all of the sexually attractive sub-type are lost and not recovered. Since our canaries do not show peripheral syringeal dominance, these data suggest that (1) only about 40% of the syllables can be produced by only the left or only the right vocal pathway; (2) that the left or right vocal pathway cannot take over the function of the contralateral one; (3) that large repertoires as well as complex syllables requires both vocal pathways; and (4) that the degree of vocal learning appears to be restricted by peripheral motor constraints in adulthood.
Sex differences in amplitude regulation of distance calls in Bengalese finches, Lunchula striata var. domestica
Authors: Kobayasi Kohta , Okanoya Kazuo 
Published: October 2003

AbstractMany animals regulate their vocal amplitude in relation to environmental noise levels. This behaviour is important both for maintaining auditory feedback and for long distance communication. In this experiment we asked two specific questions. Firstly, does the Bengalese finch, a species of songbirds that critically relies on immediate auditory feedback for its vocalisations, change the amplitude of distance calls against noise? Secondly, if it does, is there any difference between the sexes in the degree of amplitude regulation? To answer these, we recorded distance calls of male and female Bengalese finches under various noise conditions and compared amplitude regulation between the sexes. Results suggest that the finches do show amplitude regulation and that the degree of compensation is much stronger in males than in females. Results are discussed in view of the sex differences in neural mechanisms and the function of distance calls in this species.
Quantitative modelling of the biomechanics of the avian syrinx
Authors: Elemans Coen , Larsen Ole , Hoffmann Marc , van Leeuwen Johan 
Published: October 2003

Abstract
We review current quantitative models of the biomechanics of bird sound production. A quantitative model of the vocal apparatus was proposed by Fletcher (1988). He represented the syrinx (i.e. the portions of the trachea and bronchi with labia and membranes) as a single membrane. This membrane acts as a valve that rapidly closes and opens during phonation. This model can be used as a basis to address comparative morphological and physiological questions. More recently, the syrinx was modelled as a simple modified oscillator. Many features of the sound were captured remarkably well. The parameter values, however, did not represent the distribution of the actual material properties of the syrinx. These models demonstrated the minimum number of parameters required to describe the essential dynamics of the sound signal. Furthermore, we address possible interesting future directions for modelling.
A role for nitric oxide in hypoxia-induced activation of cardiac KATP channels in goldfish (Carassius auratus)
Authors: Cameron John S. , Hoffmann Kristin E. , Zia Cindy , Hemmett Heidi M. , Kronsteiner Allyson , Lee Connie M. 
Published: October 2003

SUMMARY
Hypoxia-induced shortening of cardiac action potential duration (APD) has been attributed in mammalian hearts to the activation of ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels. Since KATP channels are also present at high densities in the hearts of vertebrate ectotherms, speculation arises as to their function during periods of reduced environmental oxygen. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether nitric oxide (NO)plays a role in cardiac sarcolemmal KATP channel activation during hypoxia in a species with a high degree of tolerance to low oxygen environments: the goldfish (Carassius auratus). Conventional intracellular and patch-clamp recording techniques were used to record responses from excised ventricles or isolated ventricular myocytes and inside-out patches, respectively, from fish acclimated at 21°C. During moderate, substrate-free hypoxia (6.1±0.2 kPa), ventricular APD was significantly shortened at 50% and 90% of full repolarization, a response that was reversible upon reoxygenation and blocked by the KATP channel antagonist BDM. Under normoxic conditions, APD was also reduced in the presence of the NO-donor SNAP (100 μmol l-1). In cell-attached membrane patches, sarcolemmal KATP channel activity was enhanced after 10 min hypoxia, an effect that was reduced or eliminated by simultaneous exposure to BDM, to the guanylate cyclase inhibitor ODQ or to the NO synthase inhibitor l-NAME. In cell-free patches, KATP channel activity was abolished by 2 mmol l-1 ATP but increased by SNAP; the cGMP analog 8-Br-cGMP (200 μmol l-1) also enhanced activity, an effect that was eliminated by BDM. Our data indicate that NO synthesized in cardiac myocytes could enhance sarcolemmal KATP channel activation during moderate hypoxia in goldfish. This response may serve a cardioprotective role by helping to conserve ATP or by reducing intracellular Ca2+ accumulation.
How strong is the Mayor of London?
Authors: Sweeting David 
Published: October 2003

English
This article addresses the question ‘How strong is the Mayor of London?’ from two perspectives: the distinction between ‘strong’ and ‘weak’ mayors that emerged from American urban political analysis; and the strength of mayors outside the formal confines of their office in governance. It is argued that, while the Mayor of London is strong in the Greater London Authority, he is weak in London governance, as the Mayor has limited local autonomy, is heavily reliant on central government for funding, has no party connections, and as yet he has not harnessed latent governmental or nongovernmental capacity in London.
Employers, recruitment and offenders: underlining the limits of work-focused welfare?
Authors: Fletcher Del Roy 
Published: October 2003

English
The US and the UK are currently reforming welfare policy to emphasise work. It is in this context that UK policy makers have increasingly seen ‘demand-led’ programmes as a key component of welfare-to-work policies. This article draws upon the findings of research conducted for the Joseph Rowntree Foundation, which examined how employers respond to job applications from offenders, to discuss the challenges faced by policy makers engaged in welfare reform. A key finding is that the demand-led approach has inherent weaknesses which limit its ability to help offenders into work.