bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photochemically Activated Microbubble Emulsion, Nd: Yap Laser, and Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles as Canal Disinfectants on Push‐Out Bond Strength of Sealer to Root Dentin, Smear Layer, and Antibacterial Efficacy
Authors: Alotaibi Badi , Gaafar Sarah Salah , Aljuailan Roqayah , Alawadhi Heba Lutf Ahmed , Alsalhi Hanin , Alharbi Hanan , Alfaraidy Renad Sultan , Smran Ahlam Ahmed Ali , Niazi Fayez Hussain 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTEffect of different root canal irrigation regimes microbubble emulsion (MBE) via riboflavin photosensitizer (RFP), cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles (NPs), and Nd: YAP laser on antibacterial efficiency, microhardness (MH), smear layer (SL) removal efficacy, and push‐out bond strength (PBS) of AH plus sealer to canal dentin. Sixty single‐rooted teeth were selected, disinfected, and categorized into four groups based on the type of disinfection. Following disinfection, a pair of samples were randomly selected and visualized under scanning electron microscope (SEM) for SL evaluation. Three samples from each disinfection group were mounted on a Vickers MH tester for hardness testing. A brain–heart infusion (BHI) agar plate was inoculated with a single colony of Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis), and their survival rate was measured following different disinfecting regimes. The remaining samples were filled with gutta‐percha (GP) and sectioned to evaluate PBS via universal testing machine (UTM), followed by failure analysis. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's post hoc test. The survival rate of E. faecalis was lowest for Group 3 (0.11 CFU/mL) with the highest MH values (49.72 ± 1.02 N/mm2). The PBS was highest for Group 3 cervical (11.54 ± 0.49 MPa) and middle third (11.12 ± 0.50 MPa). SL removal efficacy was comparable in groups 3 and 4 at the coronal and middle third. The application of CeO2NPs as a canal irrigant in conjunction with EDTA resulted in enhanced bond values, demonstrating superior SL removal capabilities. This type of disinfection notably enhances the MH of canal dentin while demonstrating significant sterilization efficacy against E. faecalis.
Mineralized tissue loss at the femoral ACL enthesis in young male ACL‐injured patients
Authors: Beaulieu Mélanie L. , Wang Yuchen , Schlecht Stephen H. , Ashton‐Miller James A. , Wojtys Edward M. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPurposePrimary anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction graft failure remains a significant health concern in young patients. Despite the high incidence of poor graft integration in these patients and the resulting high failure rate, little consideration has been given to the quality of the bone into which the graft is anchored at reconstruction. Therefore, we investigated post ACL injury mineralized tissue changes in the ACL femoral entheses of young males and compared them to changes previously reported for young females.MethodsACL femoral entheses and adjacent bone specimens were harvested from the injured knees of 51 young males during primary ACL reconstructive surgery and from 10 non‐injured male cadaveric donors. The specimens were imaged via nano‐computed tomography and analyzed for volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) and architectural changes.ResultsMale femoral ACL explant specimens had significantly lower cortical vBMD (p < 0.001), lower relative bone volume (BV/TV, p = 0.027) and greater cortical bone porosity (Ct.Po, p = 0.027) but similar trabecular bone parameters (p's > 0.05) to those of control specimens from male cadaveric donors. Cortical and trabecular bone loss increased significantly with time from ACL injury to reconstructive surgery (p's < 0.05). While cortical loss occurred in both males and females, significant trabecular loss occurred only in females (p = 0.009).ConclusionFemoral entheseal bone loss occurs in males following ACL injury. This bone loss increases with time following ACL injury, with cortical bone loss occurring sooner after injury than trabecular bone loss. The effects of ACL injury and time from injury to surgery on trabecular bone microarchitecture differed between male and female patients.Level of EvidenceN/A.
Behavioral Cetology in the 19th Century: Thomas Beale, Henry Cheever, Thomas Southwell and Their Role in Awakening a Cetacean Protection Consciousness
Authors: d'Isa Raffaele , Abramson Charles I. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAlthough naturalists have devoted attention to cetaceans since Antiquity, it was only in the 19th century that cetology underwent a true explosion. Three key cetological works of this period are The Natural History of the Sperm Whale (1839) by Thomas Beale, The Whaleman's Adventures in the Southern Ocean (1850) by Henry Cheever and The Seals and Whales of the British Seas (1881) by Thomas Southwell. Importantly, these three works did not only represent fundamental compendia of scientific knowledge of cetaceans, but also had a crucial role in awakening a cetacean protection consciousness. Indeed, by describing in detail the behavior and psychology of these animals, these works depicted cetaceans as capable of cognition and emotions, facilitating empathy from the readers and challenging the general audience to consider critical issues connected to whale hunting, such as animal suffering and species extinction. From a behavioral point of view, Beale and Cheever, among the first naturalists that had direct experiences with living whales, refuted the previous dominant view of the whale based on the monothematic stereotype of the “bloodthirsty” “monster of the deep,” and described instead a more complete and scientifically accurate ethogram of whales, underscoring how these animals actually express a wide range of complex emotions, including joy, playfulness, maternal affection, filial affection, social affection to non‐kins, defensive attitudes towards conspecifics in danger and succorant attitudes towards injured members of their pod. Moreover, these three works are milestones not only in the history of behavioral biology, but also in the history of environmentalism. Indeed, these works innovatively started presenting the whales object of hunting as sentient victims undergoing great sufferings and mass‐slaughter, rather than as mere monsters to defeat. This new view of the whale represented the first step of a change of attitude in the public opinion, that, over the course of the second half of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century, progressively shifted its sympathy from the whale hunters to the whales, leading to the rise of cetacean protection movements. We here analyze these three works, underlining in particular their contributions to behavioral cetology. The rediscovery of these works will be important not only for cetology and behavioral sciences, but also for history of science, anthropology, ethics, animal rights, and ecocriticism.
The effectiveness of oral and sublingual ketamine in pain management: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Harris Stephanie Elizabeth , Szmerling Jeremy , Abbott Diarna , Liu Enwu , Oldroyd John 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to undertake a systematic review and meta‐analysis to determine the effectiveness of oral and sublingual ketamine in pain management.Data SourcesA systematic search was conducted utilising four databases: MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, and Web of Science.Study SelectionThe study included randomised controlled trials investigating the use of oral or sublingual ketamine in the management of pain in inpatient or outpatient settings compared to any alternative oral or sublingual comparator, including placebo.ResultsTwenty‐one studies were included for systematic review, all assessing oral ketamine, including one comparing oral to sublingual ketamine. Of these, 12 studies evaluated oral ketamine in procedural pain, with 10 studies finding oral ketamine significantly better than the comparator at reducing procedural pain. Two studies focused on oral ketamine in postoperative pain, both finding oral ketamine reduced the requirement for additional analgesia compared to placebo. Five studies investigated oral ketamine in chronic pain with heterogenous results. Of the remaining two studies, one compared various doses of oral ketamine and the other compared oral to sublingual ketamine.Fifteen studies were included for meta‐analysis. Among them, seven studies compared oral ketamine to placebo and found oral ketamine was superior to placebo in reducing pain (p < 0.01). Eight studies compared oral ketamine to other oral medications such as methadone, codeine, midazolam, and dexmedetomidine and showed no significant benefit of oral ketamine in reducing pain (p = 0.18).ConclusionThe results suggest oral ketamine is an effective analgesic in the procedural setting.
Evolution of the Contemporary Landscape: Relevance of Land Use Management Over Environmental Drivers of Soil Erosion
Authors: González‐Arqueros M. Lourdes , Muñiz‐Jauregui J. Arturo , Navarrete‐Segueda Armando , López‐Granados Erna Martha 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTWater erosion is the main soil degradation process in landscapes under human pressure. The assessment of soil losses according to biophysical factors is the key to understanding erosion processes. This study aimed to assess the biophysical and anthropological factors controlling the change in water soil erosion rates under different morphological units as an indicator of geological evolution, topographic variety, and land use. The revised Universal Soil Loss Equation model was employed to estimate the soil erosion rates and evaluate soil loss. The geographic information system was used to present the spatial distribution of soil erosion and its change induced by geological and morphological factors. Nonparametric multidimensional scaling ordinations were applied to evaluate similarities in soil erosion parameters between six geomorphological units. The analysis showed a clear clustering between morphological units, both in terms of absolute soil loss (stress value: 0.15, ANOSIM: R = 0.61, p = 0.001) and in the distribution pattern of erosion rates (stress value: 0.17, ANOSIM: R = 0.74, p = 0.001). Significant differences were observed in erosion rates, which range between 2.5 up to 65.9 t ha−1 yr−1, although 82% of the La Primavera present rates below 15 t ha−1 yr−1. The most eroded unit produces 351 thousand t yr−1, displaying a rate of 23.3 t ha−1 yr−1, while the least eroded unit produces 10 thousand t yr−1, displaying a rate of 2.5 t ha−1 yr−1. This study shows that integrating landscape evolution and morphology into soil erosion research enhances understanding of erosion processes, strengthening the LS Factor. Forest land use is often linked to preventing water erosion, but this study shows it depends on vegetation type; secondary vegetation can have higher erosion rates than conservation agriculture. Soil loss patterns show that each unit combines unique biophysical and human factors, requiring discrete units for systematic erosion analysis.
Integrating Spatial–Temporal Heterogeneity and Driving Mechanisms of Ecosystem Services Into Spatial Management Across Urban Hierarchies: A Case of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, China
Authors: Luo Qiaoling , Zhou Junfang , Liu Mingxing , Huang Rongjun 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTEffective management of ecosystem services (ESs) is critical for sustainable regional development. Multi‐scale ESs assessments provide valuable insights for spatial management. However, limited attention has been given to the spatial–temporal heterogeneity and driving mechanisms of ESs across urban hierarchies and their integration into spatial management. Therefore, taking the Yangtze River Economic Belt in China as a case study, we assessed spatial–temporal heterogeneity and driving mechanisms of ecosystem service values (ESVs) across five urban hierarchies from 2000 to 2020. Results showed that the area ratios of variation in ESVs trends were typically S‐shaped from small cities to super cities. High‐value ESVs clusters decreased, and low‐value ESV clusters showed a linear increase as urban hierarchies intensified. Human activities predominantly impacted ESVs in a lower urban hierarchy, whereas terrain conditions significantly impacted ESVs in a higher urban hierarchy. Furthermore, a novel framework was proposed to integrate spatial–temporal heterogeneity and driving mechanisms of ESs into spatial management, emphasizing the multi‐scale management of ESs. This study proposed effective ESs management strategies to support region‐specific management and sustainable development.
Sophoricoside Inhibited Glioblastoma Cell Progression Through Activated AMP‐Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK)
Authors: Wang Changquan , Xiong Xuehui , Li Chang , Lu Yuan , Zhang Yan , Tian Han , Xu Chunlin , Ma Tengfei , Wang Jinhua , Zhang Jianqing , Wang Lei 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTGlioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant primary brain tumor, with a mean survival of less than 2 years. Unique brain structures and the microenvironment, including blood−brain barriers, put great challenges on clinical drug development. Sophoricoside (Sop), an isoflavone glycoside isolated from seeds of Sophora japonica L., is one of the active constituents of traditional Chinese medicine and found to inhibit the bioactivity of cytokines (e.g., interleukin‐5) and inflammatory responses, as well as to attenuate glucose and lipid metabolism in related diseases. However, the effects of Sop on cancer progression have not been systemically investigated. In this study, we performed a comprehensive investigation of Sop's function in GBM using colony formation and Transwell assays in vitro, along with subcutaneous xenograft tumor analysis in vivo. We employed RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis in conjunction with Western blotting (WB) and reverse transcription‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) to explore the underlying mechanism. Our results demonstrated that Sop suppressed U251 cell proliferation and metastasis in vitro and inhibited the tumorigenic behavior of U251 cells in vivo. Further investigations revealed a positive correlation between the levels of activated AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) and Sop treatment; notably the application of the AMPK inhibitor, compound C (CC), abolished inhibitory effects of Sop on the malignant phenotype of U251 cells. These findings suggest the potential application of Sop in GBM treatment and highlight opportunities for the development of new therapeutic strategies.
Late‐Onset Krabbe Disease: Case Report of Two Patients in a Chinese Family and Literature Review
Authors: Sun Yujun , Zheng Jiayuan , He Lei , Li Xiaojuan , Liu Wenzhou , Wu Jionglin , Li Jiajie , Zhou Taolue , Zeng Gang , Song Weidong , Chen Yanbo 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundKrabbe disease (KD; globoid cell leucodystrophy) is a rare autosomal recessive lipid storage disorder that affects the white matter of the peripheral and central nervous. Late‐onset KD is less frequently diagnosed and often presents with milder symptoms, making accurate diagnosis challenging, especially when distinguishing it from peripheral neuropathy. In this report, we present two cases of late‐onset KD in a Chinese family. The first case involves a 25‐year‐old female who sought treatment due to long‐standing spastic gait and deformities in her lower limbs. A muscle biopsy revealed muscle atrophy, and electromyography indicated neurogenic damage. Her 27‐year‐old sister (Case 2) exhibited similar lower limb weakness, along with more severe central and peripheral neurological symptoms.MethodsThe patients' peripheral blood was retained for galactocerebrosidase (GALC) enzyme activity assaying and whole exome gene sequencing.ResultsGALC enzyme activity assaying showed decreased GALC activity and gene sequencing revealed homozygous mutation of p.L634S (c.1901T>C) in the two cases.ConclusionThis study broadens the scope for considering of KD in the diagnosis of patients presenting with muscle weakness and deformities in the lower limbs.
Spatially Nonhomogeneous Hopf and Turing Bifurcations Driven by the Nonlocal Effect With the Spatial Average Kernel
Authors: Xue Shuyang , Song Yongli 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we first derive the algorithm of calculating the normal form of spatially nonhomogeneous Hopf bifurcation and Turing bifurcation for the general reaction–diffusion system with spatial average. Then we investigate the spatiotemporal dynamics of nonlocal Lotka–Volterra competitive model and nonlocal Holling–Tanner predator–prey model. It has been shown that the spatial average is a new mechanism to induce the patterns. By calculating the normal form, the type of bifurcation and stability of spatiotemporal patterns bifurcating from the constant equilibrium are investigated. For the nonlocal Lotka–Volterra competitive model, the coexistence of two spatially nonhomogeneous spatial patterns is found. For the nonlocal Holling–Tanner predator–prey model, we found not only the coexistence of two spatially nonhomogeneous spatial patterns but also the stable spatially nonhomogeneous periodic patterns.
Extension of T2 Hyperintense Areas in Patients With a Glioma: A Comparison Between High‐Quality 7 T MRI and Clinical Scans
Authors: Schmitz‐Abecassis Bárbara , Cornelissen Ivo , Jacobs Robin , Kuhn‐Keller Jasmin A. , Dirven Linda , Taphoorn Martin , van Osch Matthias J. P. , Koekkoek Johan A. F. , de Bresser Jeroen ,   the 7T MRI Neuro‐Oncology consortium
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTGliomas are highly heterogeneous and often include a nonenhancing component that is hyperintense on T2 weighted MRI. This can often not be distinguished from secondary gliosis and surrounding edema. We hypothesized that the extent of these T2 hyperintense areas can more accurately be determined on high‐quality 7 T MRI scans. We investigated the extension, volume, and complexity (shape) of T2 hyperintense areas in patients with glioma on high‐quality 7 T MRI scans compared to clinical MRI scans. T2 hyperintense areas of 28 patients were visually compared and manually segmented on 7 T MRI and corresponding clinical (1.5 T/3 T) MRI scans, and the volume and shape markers were calculated and subsequently compared between scans. We showed extension of the T2 hyperintense areas via the corpus callosum to the opposite hemisphere in four patients on the 7 T scans that was not visible on the clinical scan. Furthermore, we found a significantly larger volume of the T2 hyperintense areas on the 7 T scans compared with the clinical scans (7 T scans: 28 mL [12.5–59.1]; clinical scans: 11.9 mL [11.8–56.6]; p = 0.01). We also found a higher complexity of the T2 hyperintense areas on the 7 T scans compared with the clinical scans (convexity, solidity, concavity index and fractal dimension [p < 0.001]). Our study suggests that high‐quality 7 T MRI scans may show more detail on the exact extension, size, and complexity of the T2 hyperintense areas in patients with a glioma. This information could aid in more accurate planning of treatment, such as surgery and radiotherapy.
Characterization of Optokinetic Nystagmus in Healthy Participants With a Novel Oculography Device
Authors: Sakharkar Mitali , Jalihal Parth K. , Ramirez Kimberly , Karmali Faisal , Lewis Richard F. , Chari Divya A. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractObjectiveTo develop a proof‐of‐concept smart‐phone‐based eye‐tracking algorithm to assess non‐pathologic optokinetic (OKN) nystagmus in healthy participants. Current videonystagmography (VNG) is typically restricted to in‐office use, and advances in portable vestibular diagnostics would yield immense public health benefits.Study DesignProspective cohort study.SettingTertiary academic medical center.MethodsHealthy participants (n = 39) without dizziness or vertigo were recruited. A smart‐phone attached to a custom head stabilization device illuminated by a white LED circuit was used to record nystagmus induced with a 30 frames per second OKN stimulus over a 60‐second period. A centroid tracking algorithm was created to detect slow‐phase velocity (SPV) of horizontal nystagmus in a diverse subject cohort in a variety of lighting conditions. Nystagmus recordings were compared to those obtained with a standard VNG system.ResultsNon‐pathologic nystagmus from an OKN stimulus was measured across multiple lighting conditions, with high signal‐to‐noise ratios (SNR) and mean SPV 22.13 ± 5.26°/s. Nystagmus SPV was not significantly different between the device and standard VNG system (t = −0.5, P = .6). Lighting conditions produced SNRs of 57.30 (ideal), 50.59 (backlit), 51.33 (side‐lit), 49.28 (dark), 54.52 (outdoor lighting).ConclusionWe demonstrate the feasibility of a novel portable oculography system in the detection of non‐pathologic nystagmus in healthy subjects. Future applications of this system include: (1) to obtain real‐time measurements of nystagmus during an acute vertigo attack; (2) to test patients unable or unwilling to present to a specialized vestibular laboratory; (3) to efficiently repeat testing overtime; (4) to improve accessibility of vestibular testing.
ZSM‐5 Zeolite Synthesis from Coal Fly Ash Synthesised Silica: Sole Silica & Alumina Source
Authors: Manyepedza Thapelo , Gaolefufa Emmanuel V. , Beas Isaac N. , Maubane‐Nkadimeng Manoko , Kabomo Moses T. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis study explores the synthesis of ZSM‐5 zeolite using high‐purity mesoporous silica exclusively derived from coal fly ash (CFA), eliminating the need for additional silica or alumina sources. Traditional ZSM‐5 synthesis relies on costly and environmentally harmful pure chemicals, whereas this approach utilizes CFA, an industrial byproduct, addressing both cost and sustainability concerns. The synthesized ZSM‐5 zeolite demonstrates exceptional purity, with a surface area of 455.24 m2/g, and exhibits unique structural properties, confirmed through XRD, SEM, TEM, FTIR, TGA, and BET analyses. This method highlights the potential of CFA‐derived silica as a sustainable feedstock for zeolite production, promoting both environmental sustainability and cost‐effective industrial applications in catalysis, adsorption, and separation processes.
Eco‐Friendly Synthesis of Selenium Nanoparticles via Sternbergia candida: Enhancing Antioxidant Defense and Mitigating Salt Stress in Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Plants
Authors: Kanber Senem , Yildiztekin Mahmut , Firat Baran Mehmet 
Published: January 2025

AbstractNanoparticles enhance agricultural applications with their bioactivity, bioavailability, and reactivity. Selenium mitigates the adverse effects of salinity on plant growth, boosting antioxidant defense, metabolism, and resilience to abiotic stress. Our study applied selenium nanoparticles to mitigate salinity‐induced damage and support plant growth. We characterized green‐synthesized nanoparticles and analyzed stress‐related metabolites, antioxidant activities (DPPH, ABTS), phenolic content, and reducing powers (CUPRAC, FRAP). Nanoparticle applications reduced proline and MDA levels while boosting chlorophyll, carotenoids, antioxidant activity (DPPH, ABTS), and total phenolic content. An increase was also observed in CUPRAC and FRAP reducing capacities. In terms of phenolic content, the highest value was determined in SA1 (4.58±0.40 mg GAE g−1) application; DPPH free radical scavenging activity IC50 value was determined in A3 (0.13±0.007 mg mL−1) application, which was closest to the positive control. The lowest proline level was found in A3 (15.00±0.64 nmol g−1 FW) and the lowest MDA level was found in SA3 (10.08±0.42 nmol g−1). Comparing the results, green synthesis of selenium nanoparticles using Sternbergia candida (SC‐SeNP) at different concentrations showed ameliorative effects on various parameters in plants, and it was determined that the effects of salt stress on pepper plants were reduced following SC‐SeNP applications.