bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Żurek v Poland – when judges become rule of law actors. Challenges and achievements of judicial mobilisation in Poland
Authors: Grabowska-Moroz Barbara 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe article analyses the main consequences of Żurek v Poland, decided by the European Court of Human Rights in June 2022. The Court developed its interpretation of Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights with regard to judges’ public speech in dealing with judicial independence and the rule of law. In this context, the article discusses judicial mobilisation regarding the undermining of judicial independence in Poland and judges becoming ‘rule of law actors’ when rule of law backsliding threatens constitutional principles such as judicial independence or the separation of powers. It also discusses the role of judicial associations in coordinating such mobilisation.
Explanatory factors for problematic cybersex behaviour: the importance of negative emotions
Authors: Cervero Antonio , Castro-Lopez Adrian , Alvarez-Blanco Lucia , Tuero Ellian 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCybersex encompasses a wide range of behaviors that use information and communication technologies as a means of access to obtain sexual gratification, a phenomenon that can take on problematic patterns. The main objective of the study is to propose a model that explains the extent to which online sexual activities and the negative emotionality associated with them can generate a tolerance phenomenon characterized by an increase in the frequency and intensity of cybersex behaviors. To this end, the Cybersex Behavioral Assessment Questionnaire was administered to a sample of 369 individuals. The results show that online sexual behavior and the presence of negative emotions during the performance of these activities influence the occurrence of tolerance, which is characterized by an increase and variety of activities with increasingly extreme typology. These findings may have implications for education and healthcare.
A generalized model for the population dynamics of a two stage species with recruitment and capture using a nonstandard finite difference scheme
Authors: Hoang Manh T. , Valverde Jose C. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe aim of this work is to formulate and analyze a new and generalized discrete-time population dynamics model for a two-stage species with recruitment and capture factors. This model is derived from a well-known continuous-time population dynamics model of a two-stage species with recruitment and capture developed by Ladino and Valverde and the nonstandard finite difference (NSFD) methodology proposed by Mickens. We establish positivity and asymptotic stability of the proposed discrete-time population dynamics model. As an important consequence, the population dynamics of the new discrete-time model is determined fully. Also, a set of numerical examples is conducted to illustrate the theoretical results and to demonstrate advantages of the new model. The theoretical results and numerical examples show that the proposed discrete-time model not only preserves correctly the population dynamics of the continuous one but is also easy to be implemented. However, some discrete-time models based on the standard Runge–Kutta methods fail to preserve the population dynamics of the continuous-time model. As a result, they generate numerical approximations which are not only non-negative but also unstable.
Fracture propagation and evolution law of indirect fracturing in the roof of broken soft coal seams
Authors: Zhao Haifeng , Li Pengyue , Li Xuejiao , Yao Wenjie 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIndirect fracturing in the roof of broken soft coal seams has been demonstrated to be a feasible technology. In this work, the No. 5 coal seam in the Hancheng block was taken as the research object. Based on the findings of true triaxial hydraulic fracturing experiments and field pilot under this technology and the cohesive element method, a 3D numerical model of indirect fracturing in the roof of broken soft coal seams was established, the fracture morphology propagation and evolution law under different conditions was investigated, and analysis of main controlling factors of fracture parameters was conducted with the combination weight method, which was based on grey incidence, analytic hierarchy process and entropy weight method. The results show that “士”-shaped fractures, T-shaped fractures, cross fractures, H-shaped fractures, and “干”-shaped fractures dominated by horizontal fractures were formed. Different parameter combinations can form different fracture morphologies. When the coal seam permeability is lower and the minimum horizontal principal stress difference between layers and fracturing fluid injection rate are both larger, it tends to form “士”-shaped fractures. When the coal seam permeability and minimum horizontal principal stress between layers and perforation position are moderate, cross fractures are easily generated. Different fracture parameters have different main controlling factors. Engineering factors of perforation location, fracturing fluid injection rate and viscosity are the dominant factors of hydraulic fracture shape parameters. This study can provide a reference for the design of indirect fracturing in the roof of broken soft coal seams.
Shock train response to pulse backpressure forcing
Authors: Ma (马晓敏) X. , Zhang (张永辉) Y. , Yuan (袁菁涛) J. , Fan (范玮) W. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Transient numerical simulations were conducted to investigate the influence of large amplitude and fast impact backpressure on a shock train. The fundamental problem consists of a shock train within a constant-area channel with a Ma=1.61 inflow and a pulse backpressure applied to the outlet. The pressure disturbance in the isolator has an intense forcing-response lag. From the moment of the backpressure peak appearance, it takes 36 times the backpressure duration for the pressure disturbance to reach the upstream end. It moves upstream with time in the form of a normal shock wave. As time progresses, the normal shock degenerates into a

$\lambda $

shock and a compression wave behind due to the action of viscous dissipation in the boundary layer. Eventually, a multi-stage shock train is formed. The maximum backpropagation distance is a quadratic function of both the pulse backpressure peak and duration, and the relationship between these variables was determined by fitting. When the integral value of backpressure to time is fixed, reducing the backpressure peak while increasing the duration will reduce the backpressure pulsation at the isolator outlet, which will be more conducive to shortening the maximum backpropagation distance than reducing the duration and increasing the backpressure peak. The values of backpressure peak and duration are obtained from the detonation combustion case, which ensures the authenticity of backpressure characteristics. The relevant research conclusions can provide a reference for the design of the isolator of pulse detonation ramjet.
The effect of injection of 1:100 000 adrenaline solution in the pterygopalatine fossa on intra-operative bleeding during endoscopic sinonasal surgical procedures in chronic sinusitis: a blinded clinical trial
Authors: Nasirmohtaram Sevil , Jalali Mir Mohammad , Faghih Habibi Ali , Akbarpour Maliheh 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveRhinosinusitis is one of the most common reasons for a visit to otolaryngology clinics. Some patients are candidates for sinus surgery. Infiltration of 1:100 000 adrenaline in the pterygopalatine fossa was studied, with the aim of evaluating the effect on bleeding in the surgical field.MethodsThis double-blind clinical trial was conducted in 2021–2022 on 40 candidates for endoscopic sinus surgery. For each patient, one side of the pterygopalatine fossa was randomly selected to be infiltrated with a vasoconstrictor. Surgical field bleeding on each side was evaluated.ResultsBlood loss was 35.8 ± 20.9 ml in the study group and 38.4 ± 23.7 ml for the control group, with no statistically significant difference between groups (p = 0.49). In addition, there was no difference between the two groups in terms of the surgical field based on Boezaart scores.ConclusionAlthough there are some recommendations on the usage of vasoconstrictors via the pterygopalatine foramen, debate remains.
Older people enacting resilience in stories about living alone and receiving home care
Authors: Voie Kristin S. , Wiles Janine , Blix Bodil H. , Kristiansen Margrethe , Helgesen Ann Karin , Mæhre Kjersti Sunde 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Although older people who live alone might be in a vulnerable situation, they have often managed their everyday life for a long time, frequently with health challenges. In this article, we explore how nine older persons who live alone, who receive home care and are identified by home care professionals as being frail, manage their everyday lives by inquiring into their stories about living alone and receiving home care. We conducted three qualitative interviews with each of the nine participants over a period of eight months and analysed the data using thematic analysis and a narrative positioning analysis. Using the concept of resilience as our analytic lens, we identified three thematic threads: continuity, adaptation and resistance. In the narrative positioning analysis of three participants' stories, we identified that the participants used the processes of continuity, adaptation and resistance strategically and interchangeably. The study thus provides insight into how older people who live alone and use home care services narrate their balancing of strengths and vulnerabilities, and engage in the construction and maintenance of a sense of self through positioning in relation to master narratives. Older people's narrations are nuanced and complex, and this study indicates that encouraging storytelling and engaging with older people's narrations might support how older people enact resilience and thus their management of everyday life when living alone and ageing in place.
Enhancement of humanoid robot locomotion on slippery floors using an adaptive controller
Authors: Almeida Luís , Santos Vítor , Ferreira João 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis paper presents a comprehensive strategy to improve the locomotion performance of humanoid robots on various slippery floors. The strategy involves the implementation and adaptation of a divergent component of motion (DCM) based control architecture for the humanoid NAO, and the introduction of an embedded yaw controller (EYC), which is based on a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control algorithm. The EYC is designed not only to address the slip behavior of the robot on low-friction floors but also to tackle the issue of non-straight walking patterns that we observed in this humanoid, even on non-slippery floors. To fine-tune the PID gains for the EYC, a systematic trial-and-error approach is employed. We iteratively adjusted the P (Proportional), I (Integral), and D (Derivative) parameters while keeping the others fixed. This process allowed us to optimize the PID controller’s response to different walking conditions and floor types. A series of locomotion experiments are conducted in a simulated environment, where the humanoid step frequency and PID gains are varied for each type of floor. The effectiveness of the strategy is evaluated using metrics such as robot stability, energy consumption, and task duration. The results of the study demonstrate that the proposed approach significantly improves humanoid locomotion on different slippery floors, by enhancing stability and reducing energy consumption. The study has practical implications for designing more versatile and effective solutions for humanoid locomotion on challenging surfaces and highlights the adaptability of the existing controller for different humanoid robots.
Membership in a stigmatized religious minority and political support: nonreligious individuals running for office in the United States
Authors: Golebiowska Ewa 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Atheists can expect discrimination when running for office. We know less about political appraisal of other types of nonreligious candidates or how the influence of nonreligion compares to other factors. Using a conjoint experiment, I examine how the impact of nonreligion on vote choice depends on (1) the label describing nonreligion; (2) the electoral scenario in which voters face the candidate; and (3) voters' partisanship and religiosity. I find that atheists and nonbelievers are at a substantial disadvantage but secular candidates suffer a smaller penalty. While nonreligion reduces political support, it is not the most important influence, plays a smaller role in lower than in higher level elections, and is generally not a factor for Democratic and nonreligious voters. In contrast, it is a major liability for Republican, Independent, and religious voters, especially when Republicans vote in nominating contests and when they face atheists or nonbelievers as opposed to secular candidates.
A constitutional reflector? Assessing societal and digital constitutionalism in Meta’s Oversight Board
Authors: Muniz Da Conceição Lucas Henrique 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis article explores the use of constitutional narratives in social media platform governance, addressing the concept of digital constitutionalism. It aims to elucidate how digital constitutionalism manifests in platforms and the implications for democratizing these governance environments. It argues that digital constitutionalism exposes three goals toward platform governance: (1) an analogous application of constitutional values in private landscapes; (2) an ideological framework permeating multiple normativity levels; and (3) a policy consideration framing the symmetry of regulatory efforts with fundamental values. These three objectives hinge on a liberal and normative approach to constitutionalism, detaching from the political and social considerations at the centre of constitutional democracy. The article argues that this leads to extensive legitimacy issues when considering the transnational character of social media platforms and the localized issues of its users, as explored through an analysis of Meta’s Oversight Board. It is argued that a societal perspective of (digital) constitutionalism must guide the institution’s goals and procedures to promote legitimacy and accountability. This societal approach exposes the reliability issues of the established self-referencing system. It also allows an analysis of the hybridization of traditional constitutional principles in the emerging societal constitution developed by the corporation.
Focused Mantle Upwelling Beneath the Southeastern Asian Basalt Province Revealed by Seismic Surface Wave Tomography
Authors: Fan Xingli , Guo Zhen , Chen Ling , Chen Qi‐Fu , Yang Ting , Liang Chuntao 
Published: January 2024

AbstractFollowing the termination of seafloor spreading in the South China Sea (SCS) basin, abundant intraplate volcanism widely spreads in the Indochina block, SCS basin, and Leiqiong area, forming the Southeastern Asian Basalt Province (SABP). The geodynamic origin of the SABP has long been enigmatic and debated. Here, we present a high‐resolution 3‐D upper mantle S‐wave velocity model in the region by conducting earthquake‐based surface wave tomography with seismic data collected across Southeast Asia. The resultant images depict a plume‐like structure beneath the central area of the SABP, characterized by a continuous, sub‐vertical low‐velocity column in the upper mantle. Our new findings, combined with previous geochemical and geodynamic evidence, suggest that the extensive post‐spreading intraplate volcanism within the SABP is likely induced by this focused mantle upwelling, which could be further traced down to the core‐mantle boundary as inferred by existing global velocity models.
Long‐Term Alpine Precipitation Reconstruction (LAPrec): A Gridded Monthly Data Set Dating Back to 1871
Authors: Isotta F. A. , Chimani B. , Hiebl J. , Frei C. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSpatial climate data sets that extend back in time over many decades are an important resource for climate monitoring. The long‐term consistency of such data sets is, however, compromised by changes in the measurement systems over time. In this paper, we introduce a data set of monthly precipitation on a 5‐km grid over the European Alps that extends back to the late 19th century. In deriving the “long‐term Alpine precipitation reconstruction” (LAPrec), special care is taken of variations in the station network, in order for the data set to satisfy high standards in long‐term consistency. LAPrec builds on a reconstruction method that integrates the available information in two portions: The first is a set of high‐quality homogenized station series, taken from the HISTALP data archive, covering the entire period almost continuously. The second is a high‐resolution gridded precipitation analysis, taken from the “Alpine Precipitation Grid Data Set,” constructed from thousands of rain‐gauges but covering a few decades only. We demonstrate how the reconstruction approach successfully introduces mesoscale structures that are not resolved by the available long‐term station series, more plausibly so than a predecessor data set using conventional interpolation. We also illustrate that LAPrec reveals long‐term precipitation trends that are spatially more consistent and more detailed than the trends in popular climate monitoring data sets. Over the period 1871–2017 a statistically significant increase is found in winter over the northern parts of the Alps (1%–2% per 10 years). LAPrec is available in two versions (back until 1871 and 1901 respectively) from the Copernicus climate data store.
Mars Hot Oxygen Density and Effective Temperature Derived From the MAVEN IUVS Observations
Authors: Qin Jianqi , Liu Hang , Xu Zhen 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe escape of hot oxygen atoms from Mars is important for the evolution of the planet's H2O and CO2 inventories. Owing to the lack of data constraints prior to the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) mission, previous understanding of this key loss channel of the Mars atmosphere relied mostly on physics‐based models. Using the optical observations from the MAVEN Imaging Ultraviolet Spectrograph (IUVS) during 2014–2018, we perform the first inversion analysis of the coronal scans at 130.4 nm to quantify the density and effective temperature of the Mars hot oxygen corona. Our results indicate that the exobase densities of the hot oxygen atoms are ∼6.3–8.0 × 103 and ∼1.2 × 104 cm−3 during low and moderate solar activities, respectively, which agree well with recent empirical estimates using MAVEN's in situ measurements and, however, are about a factor of two higher than previous model predictions. The effective temperature varies only slightly between ∼4100–4500 K. The temperature and density variations with solar, seasonal, and dust conditions are consistent with previous models. Comparison with inversion results from IUVS limb scans indicates that the cold and the hot oxygen populations dominate below ∼200 and above ∼600 km, respectively, between which the kinetic distribution depends on both populations. Our results demonstrate for the first time the feasibility of extracting information about the Mars hot oxygen corona directly from optical observations, opening up a powerful means for monitoring the Mars oxygen escape on a global scale in future missions.
A Parameterization for Cloud Organization and Propagation by Evaporation‐Driven Cold Pool Edges
Authors: Freitas Saulo R. , Grell Georg A. , Chovert Angel D. , Silva Dias Maria Assunção F. , de Lima Nascimento Ernani 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWhen the negatively buoyant air in the cloud downdrafts reaches the surface, it spreads out horizontally, producing cold pools. A cold pool can trigger new convective cells. However, when combined with the ambient vertical wind shear, it can also connect and upscale them into large mesoscale convective systems (MCS). Given the broad spectrum of scales of the atmospheric phenomenon involving the interaction between cold pools and the MCS, a parameterization was designed here. Then, it is coupled with a classical convection parameterization to be applied in an atmospheric model with an insufficient spatial resolution to explicitly resolve convection and the sub‐cloud layer. A new scalar quantity related to the deficit of moist static energy detrained by the downdrafts mass flux is proposed. This quantity is subject to grid‐scale advection, mixing, and a sink term representing dissipation processes. The model is then applied to simulate moist convection development over a large portion of tropical land in the Amazon Basin in a wet and dry‐to‐wet 10‐days period. Our results show that the cold pool edge parameterization improves the organization, longevity, propagation, and severity of simulated MCS over the Amazon and other different continental areas.
F10.7 Daily Forecast Using LSTM Combined With VMD Method
Authors: Hao Yuhang , Lu Jianyong , Peng Guangshuai , Wang Ming , Li Jingyuan , Wei Guanchun 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe F10.7 solar radiation flux is a well‐known parameter that is closely linked to solar activity, serving as a key index for measuring the level of solar activity. In this study, the Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD) and Long Short‐term Memory (LSTM) network are combined to construct a VMD‐LSTM model for predicting F10.7 values. The F10.7 sequence is decomposed into several intrinsic mode functions (IMF) by VMD, then the LSTM neural network is utilized to forecast each IMF. All IMF prediction results are aggregated to obtain the final F10.7 value. The data sets from 1957 to 2008 are used for training and the data sets from 2009 to 2019 are used for testing. The results show that the VMD‐LSTM model achieves an annual average root mean square error of only 4.47 sfu and an annual average correlation coefficient (R) of 0.99 during solar cycle 24, which is significantly better than the accuracy of the LSTM model (W. Zhang et al., 2022, https://doi.org/10.3390/universe8010030), the AR model (Du, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11207-020-01689-x), and the BP model (Xiao et al., 2017, https://doi.org/10.11728/cjss2017.01.001). The VMD‐LSTM model exhibits strong predictive capability for the F10.7 index during solar cycle 24.