bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complete or incomplete percutaneous coronary revascularization in patients with unstable angina in stent era: Are early and one‐year results different?
Authors: Mariani Giuseppe , De Servi Stefano , Dellavalle Antonio , Repetto Sergio , Chierchia Sergio , D'Urbano Maurizio , Repetto Alessandra , Klersy Catherine 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe aim of our study was to evaluate the impact of a strategy of incomplete revascularization by PTCA, with or without stent implantation, on clinical outcome of 208 consecutive patients (171 men) with unstable angina and multivessel coronary artery disease. Mean age of the group was 63.8 ± 10.3 years (range, 31–91). Complete and incomplete revascularization was achieved in 49 and 159 patients, respectively. A total of 226 stents were implanted in 172 patients (1.31 ± 0.65 stent per patient), equally distributed between the two groups. Left ventricular ejection fraction < 40% and total chronic coronary occlusions were significantly more frequent in patients with incomplete revascularization than in those with complete (P = 0.014 and 0.001, respectively). In‐hospital MACE occurred in 10% and 7.5% of patients with complete and incomplete revascularization, respectively (P = NS). By multivariate analysis, multiple stent implantation (OR, 5.44; 95% CI, 1.21–24.3), presence of thrombus in the treated lesion (OR, 6.3; 95% CI, 1.53–25.9), Braunwald class III (OR, 4.74; 95% CI, 1.08–20.8), and ad hoc PTCA (OR 4.51; 95% CI, 1.11–18.3) were significantly related to in‐hospital outcome. At 1‐year follow‐up, 11.3% and 11.5% of patients with complete and incomplete revascularization, respectively, had MACE. In all patients, diabetes (OR, 3.40; 95% CI, 1.09–10.58) and presence of thrombus in the treated lesion (OR, 3.48; 95% CI, 1.12–10.84) were significant predictors of 1‐year outcome by multivariate analysis. These results indicate that the strategy of incomplete revascularization in unstable angina patients with multivessel coronary disease does not expose them to a higher risk of death or other major ischemic events in comparison to those undergoing complete revascularization. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2001;54:448–453. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Biotransformation of flobufen enantiomers in ruminant hepatocytes and subcellular fractions
Authors: Skálová Lenka , Szotáková Barbora , Lamka Jiří , Král Radim , Vaňková Ilona , Baliharová Vendula , Wsól Vladimír 
Published: August 2002

AbstractFlobufen (F), a new antiinflammatory drug, has one chiral and one prochiral center in its structure. Reduction of rac‐F, the principal biotransformation pathway, leads to the formation of four diastereoisomers of 4‐dihydroflobufen (DHF). F was chosen as a model substrate for interspecies comparison of activity, stereospecificity, and stereoselectivity of biotransformation enzymes in fallow bucks, red deer stags, and roe bucks in vitro. Formation of F metabolites was examined in hepatocyte suspension and in subcellular fractions of liver homogenate. (+)‐R‐F, (−)‐S‐F and rac‐F were used as substrates. After incubation of substrates, the amounts and ratios of DHF diastereoisomers and F enantiomers were assessed by HPLC, with (R,R)‐ULMO and terguride‐bonded columns. Considerable interspecies differences in stereoselectivity and stereospecificity of F reductases were found at the cellular and subcellular levels, although these ruminants are closely related. Chiral inversion of F enantiomers to their antipodes was detected in vitro in all ruminants tested, but individual species also differed in the direction and rate of this inversion. Chirality 13:760–764, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diene chirality and cotton effects of nonhomoannular cisoid conjugated dienes: Circular dichroism and crystal structure of a steroidal 19‐nor‐1(10),9(11)‐diene derived from westphalen's diol diacetate
Authors: Burgstahler Albert W. , Jahansouz Hossain , Véliz Eduardo A. , Takasugawa Fusao 
Published: August 2002

AbstractNonhomoannular cisoid conjugated dienes exhibit negative lowest‐energy π→π* Cotton effects when they have P diene chirality and positive CEs when they have M diene chirality. We investigated this relationship further with a variety of such dienes by MM2 conformational energy‐minimization calculations and by an X‐ray crystal structure of a steroidal 19‐nor‐1(10),9(11)‐diene. CEs are stronger when each double bond of the diene is endocyclic in a different ring and weaker when only one of the double bonds is endocyclic or when neither double bond is endocyclic. They are also stronger when axial allylic and homoallylic substituents with CH/π interactions are present that exert consignate chirality contributions. Chirality 14:180–186, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Liquid chromatographic resolution of N‐acyl‐α‐amino acids as their anilide derivatives on a chiral stationary phase based on (S)‐leucine
Authors: Hyun Myung Ho , Lee Gil Soo , Han Sang Cheol , Cho Yoon Jae , Baik In Kyu 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA chiral stationary phase (CSP 1) derived from N‐(3,5‐dinitrobenzoyl)leucine N‐phenyl N‐alkylamide was used for the liquid chromatographic resolution of anilide derivatives of N‐acyl‐α‐amino acids and the chromatographic resolution results were compared with those from four other commercial CSPs. The chromatographic resolution results showed that CSP 1 was most effective among five CSPs used in this study. The chiral recognition mechanism exerted by CSP 1 for the resolution of anilide derivatives of N‐acyl‐α‐amino acids is proposed to involve a face‐to‐face π–π interaction and two hydrogen bonding interactions between the CSP and the analytes from the chromatographic resolution behaviors of slightly modified anilide derivatives of N‐acyl‐α‐amino acids. The chiral recognition mechanism proposed is quite similar to that advanced previously for the resolution of N‐(3,5‐methoxybenzoyl)‐α‐amino acids on CSP 1, even though the interaction sites of the two types of analytes were totally different from each other. The apparent similarity of the two chiral recognition mechanisms was assumed to stem from the identical interaction modes of the two types of analytes with the CSP. In addition, the dependence of the enantioselectivity of anilide derivatives of N‐acyl‐α‐amino acids on the length of the alkyl tail of the N‐acyl group of analytes was rationalized to stem from the intercalation of the N‐acyl group of the (R)‐enantiomer of analytes between the tethers of the CSP. Chirality 14:503–508, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dissipation, resistance, and rational impedance matching for TEM and birdcage resonators
Authors: Tropp James 
Published: August 2002

AbstractUsing simple circuit parameters, mathematical expressions are given for the power dissipated by pure excitation of the principal mode of a Transverse ElectroMagnetic (TEM) or a birdcage resonator. From these, the Q, or quality factors are then derived for the TEM, and for the high and low pass birdcage. The drive point impedance is then expressed in terms of the Q and the element capacitance; and the synthesis of impedance matching networks by means of the Smith Chart is described, or in explicit detail for the discrete (or lumped) element TEM and the high pass birdcage, and in passing for the distributed TEM and the low pass birdcage. The limited applicability of a commonly used matching formula is noted. A complementary method of determining the drive point impedance by direct measurement is also given, along with corresponding Smith Chart calculations. All the proposed methodology is illustrated with respect to a pair of real world resonators—a discrete element TEM and a high pass birdcage—designed for proton imaging of the human head at 3.0 T. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts in Magnetic Resonance (Magn Reson Engineering) 15: 177–188, 2002
Preradiation chemotherapy for pediatric patients with high‐grade glioma
Authors: Wolff Johannes E. A. , Gnekow Astrid K. , Kortmann Rolf‐Dieter , Pietsch Thorsten , Urban Christian , Graf Norbert , Kühl Joachim 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDTo evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of intensive chemotherapy given prior to irradiation in pediatric patients with malignant glioma, the Society of Pediatric Oncology in Germany started a randomized trial in 1991. The high‐grade glioma strata had to be closed because of insufficient patient accrual. The follow‐up data from these patients are reported.METHODSFifty‐two patients with World Health Organization (WHO) Grade 4 malignant glioma (n = 27 patients) or with WHO Grade 3 anaplastic astrocytoma (n = 25 patients) between the ages of 3 years and 17 years were available for analysis. The tumor locations were supratentorial in 42 patients, the cerebellum in 8 patients, and the spinal cord in 2 patients (the brainstem was excluded). Tumor surgeries were biopsy in 10 patients, partial resection in 5 patients, subtotal resection in 10 patients, and macroscopic total resection in 21 patients. Patients received either 54 grays of irradiation (n = 22 patients) followed by chemotherapy with lomustine, vincristine, and cisplatin (maintenance chemotherapy) or sandwich chemotherapy (n = 30 patients), which consisted of ifosfamide, etoposide, methotrexate, cisplatin, and cytosine arabinoside followed by irradiation.RESULTSThe extent of resection was the most important prognostic factor. The median survival was 5.2 years for patients who underwent tumor resection of ≥ 90% compared with 1.3 years for patients who underwent less than complete resection (P < 0.0005). After undergoing macroscopic total resection, sandwich chemotherapy (n = 15 patients) resulted in better overall survival (median, 5.2 years) compared with the maintenance protocol (n = 16 patients; median survival, 1.9 years; P = 0.015). A Cox multivariate regression analysis showed better survival for female patients (P = 0.025), WHO Grade 3 disease (P = 0.016), tumor resection of ≥ 90% (P = 0.003), irradiation with ≥ 54 grays (P = 0.003), and sandwich chemotherapy (P = 0.006).CONCLUSIONSThese data suggest that early, intensive chemotherapy increases survival rates in patients with malignant glioma who undergo complete resection. Cancer 2002;94:264–71. © 2002 American Cancer Society.
An ecologic study of dietary and solar ultraviolet‐B links to breast carcinoma mortality rates
Authors: Grant William B. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe role of diet in the etiology of breast carcinoma has been debated for decades. The ecologic approach generally finds that dietary fat is highly associated with breast carcinoma mortality, with fish intake and solar ultraviolet‐B (UV‐B) radiation, a source of vitamin D, inversely associated. Case–control and cohort studies generally find a variety of chemical, nonfat dietary, environmental, genetic, lifestyle, and reproductive factors to be important.METHODSAn ecologic study was conducted using breast carcinoma mortality rates (1989–1996), dietary supply data, and latitude (an index of solar UV‐B radiation) from 35 countries.RESULTSThe fraction of energy derived from animal products (risk) combined with that from vegetable products (risk reduction), followed by solar UV‐B radiation and, to a lesser extent, energy derived from alcohol (risk) and fish intake (risk reduction), were found to explain 80% of the variance of breast carcinoma mortality rates. Dietary fat contributed insignificantly in regressions involving the other factors.CONCLUSIONSIt is hypothesized that animal products are associated with risk for breast carcinoma because they are associated with greater amounts of insulin‐like growth factor–1and lifetime doses of estrogen. Vegetable products contain several risk reduction components including antioxidants and phytoestrogens. The association with latitude is very likely because of solar UV‐B radiation and vitamin D. Alcohol modulates estrogen's effects on breasts. Fish intake is associated with risk reduction through vitamin D and n‐3 oils. These results are consistent with those of many case–control and cohort studies but should be assessed in well designed cohort studies. Cancer 2002;94:272–81. © 2002 American Cancer Society.
Expression of nucleotide excision repair genes and the risk for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck
Authors: Cheng Lie , Sturgis Erich M. , Eicher Susan A. , Spitz Margaret R. , Wei Qingyi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDPhenotypic differences in the ability to repair genetic damage induced by tobacco carcinogens may reflect genetic differences in susceptibility to squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). The objective of this study was to assess the variation in baseline expression of five nucleotide excision repair genes between individuals with SCCHN and cancer free controls.METHODSThe authors conducted a hospital‐based case–control study of 57 SCCHN patients and 105 cancer free controls. Using peripheral blood lymphocytes, a multiplex reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction assay was used to quantitate in vitro the mRNA levels of five genes (ERCC1, XPB/ERCC3, XPG/ERCC5, CSB/ERCC6, and XPC) involved in the nucleotide excision repair pathway.RESULTSThe levels of ERCC1, XPB/ERCC3, XPG/ERCC5, and CSB/ERCC6 transcripts were lower in cases than in controls (P =0.0001, 0.096, 0.001, and 0.0001, respectively). In multivariate logistic regression analysis (adjusting for age, gender, race, smoking status, and alcohol use), low expression of ERCC1, XPB/ERCC3, XPG/ERCC5, and CSB/ERCC6 was associated with a statistically significant increased risk for SCCHN (adjusted odds ratios [95% confidence intervals] 6.42 [2.63–15.69], 2.86 [1.39–5.90], 3.69 [1.73–7.90], and 2.46 [1.19–5.09], respectively).CONCLUSIONSReduced expression of ERCC1, XPB/ERCC3, XPG/ERCC5, and CSB/ERCC6 is associated with a more than two‐fold increased risk of SCCHN. Cancer 2002;94:393–7. © 2002 American Cancer Society.
Combined chemotherapy and radiation therapy for head and neck malignancies
Authors: Nguyen Nam P. , Sallah Sabah , Karlsson Ulf , Antoine John E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe standard of care for locally advanced head and neck carcinoma usually has been surgery followed by radiation therapy. Patient survival using this approach has been reported to be poor. The disfiguration resulting from surgery and the long‐term morbidity of postoperative radiation often results in considerable distress. Concurrent chemotherapy and radiation was introduced to improve outcome. Excellent local control and survival results often have been reported in Phase II and Phase III studies. The acute toxicity of combined chemotherapy and radiation is significant. However, organ preservation may improve quality of life. This review article summarizes the findings from published series of surgery, postoperative radiation, radiation therapy alone, and chemoradiation with regard to quality of life issues for patients with locally advanced head and neck carcinoma.METHODSA literature search was used to identify quality‐of‐life studies of postoperative radiation, radiation therapy alone, and chemoradiation in patients with locally advanced head and neck carcinoma. Factors affecting long‐term quality‐of‐life issues in each treatment modality were identified, compared, and evaluated.RESULTSSpeech disorder, dysphagia, pain, and depression were found to be the common side effects affecting quality of life regardless of the treatment modality. Xerostomia is the major complication affecting patients undergoing radiation or chemoradiation.CONCLUSIONSAcute side effects of combined chemotherapy and radiation therapy usually were found to resolve after treatment. Long‐term morbidity is substantial because of xerostomia and severe dysphagia. However, preliminary studies suggest that because of organ preservation, patients may achieve a better quality of life after chemoradiation compared with the conventional use of surgery and postoperative radiation. Cancer 2002;94:1131–41. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10257
Breast carcinoma in women age 25 years or less
Authors: Kothari Ashutosh S. , Beechey‐Newman Nicolas , D'Arrigo Corrado , Hanby Andrew M. , Ryder Ken , Hamed Hisham , Fentiman Ian S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDAlthough several studies have examined breast carcinoma in young women aged ≤ 35 years at diagnosis, there are only occasional cases reported in very young women aged ≤ 25 years, and, to the authors' knowledge, no series are available. The presentation, tumor biology, behavior, and outcome of breast carcinoma in very young women are not known, and the rarity of breast malignancy within this age group could lead to diagnostic delays.METHODSThe tumor characteristics and survival of 15 women aged ≤ 25 years at the time of diagnosis, have been reviewed and compared with women aged 26–35 years under the care of Guy's Hospital's Breast Unit during the same period of time. Where appropriate, the two groups were individually matched for tumor size (clinical measurement) and histologic grade.RESULTSFifteen cases were examined, with a median follow‐up of 108 months and a median age of 24 years. The median duration of symptoms was 4 weeks, and the median tumor size was 20 mm. Two patients had ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) only, while the other 13 patients had invasive carcinomas, none of which were Grade I. A mastectomy was performed on 8 out of 15 patients (53%). Axillary nodal metastases were present in 4 out of 12 patients (33%). Of the 13 cases of invasive disease, 9 out of 13 patients (69%) experienced recurrence and died of breast carcinoma. Median disease free survival for patients with invasive disease was 86 months. There was no difference in overall survival between the patients aged ≤ 25 years and those aged 26–35, but taken together young women ≤ 35 had a worse prognosis than women between 36 and 65, due to a higher incidence of high grade and estrogen receptor negative tumors.CONCLUSIONSThe current study suggests that among young women with breast carcinoma there is no difference in prognosis between the very young and the young. Despite two thirds of patients being node negative, the high mortality rate indicates a need for an optimal selection of adjuvant therapy among these cases. Cancer 2002;94:606–14. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10273
Thymidine phosphorylase and vascular endothelial growth factor in patients with Stage I lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Kojima Hiroshi , Shijubo Noriharu , Abe Shosaku 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDThymidine phosphorylase (TP) has chemotactic activity in endothelial cells in vitro and angiogenic activity in vivo. However, the clinical significance of TP and cooperative roles of TP with other angiogenic factors have remained unclear in nonsmall cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC).METHODSThe authors stained for TP, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in 132 tumors from patients with Stage I NSCLC. They compared TP, VEGF, and bFGF expression levels with microvessel counts (MVCs), macrophage counts, mast cell counts, and clinical outcomes of patients with Stage I NSCLC.RESULTSIn adenocarcinoma samples, only stromal cell‐TP expression and tumor cell‐VEGF expression were associated with MVCs and mast cell counts but not with macrophage counts. In squamous cell carcinoma samples, there were no significant associations of the expression of any examined angiogenic factors with MVCs, mast cell counts, or macrophage counts. More importantly, only among patients with Stage I adenocarcinoma of the lung did patients in the stromal cell‐TP positive tumor group and in the tumor cell‐VEGF positive tumor group have a significantly worse prognosis compared with patients in the stromal cell‐TP negative tumor group and in the tumor cell VEGF negative group, respectively. In addition, among patients with Stage I adenocarcinoma, patients in the stromal cell‐TP positive and tumor cell‐VEGF positive tumor group had a significantly worse prognosis among the four groups.CONCLUSIONSTP induction in tumoral stroma, but not in tumor cells, and tumor cell‐VEGF induction may promote angiogenesis cooperatively in adenocarcinoma of the lung. Stromal cell‐TP expression and tumor cell‐VEGF expression may be important prognostic factors in adenocarcinoma of the lung, and stromal cell‐TP expression may be a marker of active remodeling stroma in adenocarcinoma of the lung. Cancer 2002;94:1083–93. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10352
Expression of smooth muscle calponin in tumor vessels of human hepatocellular carcinoma and its possible association with prognosis
Authors: Sasaki Yo , Yamamura Hisako , Kawakami Yuriko , Yamada Terumasa , Hiratsuka Masahiro , Kameyama Masao , Ohigashi Hiroaki , Ishikawa Osamu , Imaoka Shingi , Ishiguro Shingo , Takahashi Katsuhito 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a vascular‐rich tumor. The tumor vessels in HCC were demonstrated to have α‐smooth muscle actin positive smooth muscle cells (SMCs). However, it is unclear whether the SMCs in the wall of the tumor vessels are differentiated or undifferentiated. Basic calponin is an actin‐, tropomyosin‐, and calmodulin‐binding protein, and expression of the calponin gene in SMCs has been recognized as one of the late stage differentiation markers of SMCs. The authors investigated the differentiation state of SMCs in tumor vessels by immunohistochemical examination of calponin in patients with HCC, and whether it is associated with the patients' prognosis.METHODSTumor and nontumor tissues were obtained from 75 patients with HCC who underwent radical hepatic resection. The differentiation state of the smooth muscle cells were evaluated based on the expression level of calponin, an actin‐binding protein, using immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction analysis. The disease free survival (DFS) rates were estimated according to the Kaplan–Meier method comparing groups of patients with calponin positive and negative tumor vessels. A multivariate analysis based on the Cox proportional hazards regression model was performed to estimate whether the expression of calponin is an independent prognostic factor.RESULTSIn the 75 patients with HCC examined, 36 patients (48%) possessed calponin positive SMCs, and the remaining 39 (52%) did not. There were no significant differences in either clinical or pathologic factors between the two groups of patients. The 5‐ and 8‐year DFS rate of the patients with calponin positive vessels were 37% and 26%, respectively. These values were significantly higher (11% and 5%) than those of patients with calponin negative vessels. Gender, TNM classification, perioperative transfusion, and calponin expression were found to be independent prognostic factors for DFS.CONCLUSIONSImmunohistochemical examination of the calponin expression in the tumor vessels is a new and useful means to predict the prognosis of HCC patients after hepatic resection. Cancer 2002;94:1777–86. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10402