bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pulmonary Thrombosis in Patients With COVID-19 Pneumonia. Is It Really a True Pulmonary Thromboembolism?
Authors: Castillejo Carla Suarez , Calvo Néstor , Preda Luminita , Toledo-Pons Nuria , Pons Aina Rosa Millán , Martínez Joaquín , Ramón Luisa , Iglesias Amanda , Morell-García Daniel , Bauça Josep Miquel , Núñez Belén , Sauleda Jaume , Sala-Llinas Ernest , Alonso-Fernández Alberto 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Mechanisms of pulmonary thrombosis (PT) in COVID-19 are unknown. Thromboembolism and local pulmonary inflammation have been suggested as the main factors. However, robust evidence is still lacking because this was mainly based on retrospective studies, in which patients were included when PT was suspected. On the other hand, the number of thrombi within lung opacification, and the association with percentage of pulmonary involvement (TLI) related to COVID-19 were not evaluated. The main objective was to determine the number and percentage of thrombi surrounded by lung opacification (TSO) in each patient, as well as their relationship with TLI.
Methods
Consecutive patients with COVID-19 pneumonia performed computed tomography pulmonary angiography. We determined TLI and TSO in patients with PT. TLI was automatically calculated by artificial intelligence analysis. TSO was defined when there was lung opacification ≤ 10 mm from each pulmonary vessel with a thrombus. Analyses at patient level (TLI and percentage of TSO) and at thrombi level (TLI and TSO) were performed.
Results
We diagnosed PT in 70 out of 184 patients. Three (2–8) thrombi/patient were detected. The median percentage of TSO was 100% per patient (75–100%), and TLI was 19.9% (4.6–35.2) in all patients. Sixty-five patients (92.9%) were above the random scenario (in which the percentage of TSO should correspond to the percentage of lung involvement in each patient), and had more percentage of TSO than TLI in each patient. Most thrombi (n = 299, 75.1%) were TSO. When evaluating by TLI (< 10%, 10–20%, 20–30%, and > 30%), percentage of TSO was higher in most groups. Thrombi were mainly in subsegmental/segmental arteries, and percentage of TSO was higher in all locations.
Conclusion
Thrombi in COVID-19 pneumonia complicated with PT were found within lung opacities in a higher percentage than lung involvement, regardless of the proportion of pulmonary infiltrates and clot location, supporting the hypothesis that COVID-19 could promote local pro-thrombotic phenomena rather than “classic thrombo-embolism”. These data expand understanding of PT in COVID-19 and support a partial justification for why thromboprophylaxis does not prevent PT. Further studies should focus on new strategies to reduce the thrombotic risk.
Widespread drastic reduction in brain myelin content upon marathon running
Authors: Ramos-Cabrer Pedro , Cabrera-Zubizarreta Alberto , Padró Daniel , Matute-González Mario , Rodríguez-Antigüedad Alfredo , Matute Carlos 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that myelin lipids may act as glial energy reserves when glucose is lacking, a hypothesis yet to be solidly proven. Hereby, we examined the effects of running a marathon on myelin content by MRI. Our findings show that marathon runners undergo widespread robust myelin decrease at completion of the effort. This reduction involves white and gray matter and includes primary motor and sensory cortical areas and pathways, as well as the entire corpus callosum and internal capsule. Notably, myelin levels partially recover within two weeks after the marathon. These results reveal that myelin use and replenishment is an unprecedented form of metabolic plasticity aimed at maintaining brain function during extreme conditions.
Comparative analysis of organic and inorganic compounds conferring ISR to combat Phomopsis vexans
Authors: Kumar Adesh , Vaghasiya Tushar P , Goutam Etalesh , Kumar Vipul 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Previous studies have shown the role of several organic & inorganic compounds in boosting plant growth and restricting the disease spread by conferring induced systemic resistance (ISR). Among, biochar is an organic input that has its proven role to improve soil fertility and impart disease resistance. As brinjal is encountered by several biotic and abiotic factors, Phomopsis vexans being one of them which caused phomopsis blight disease and hampered crop performance adequately. In this experiment, the evaluation of different concentrations of inorganic compounds (calcium & zinc salts, fungicides) individually or in combination with biochar were employed to combat the disease and results were analyzed on the basis of improved soil health and biochemical changes. Out of which, a combination of Biochar with Amistar29.6a.i. provided the best results. In addition, a negative correlation was also reported between disease severity and the level of soluble proteins & total phenols.
A novel approach to removing pollutant particles from natural gas in town border station (TBS) using nano filters
Authors: Bagheri Hamid , Mousavi Seyed Borhan , Nami Shamin Hosseini , Heris Saeed Zeinali 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This article presents a comprehensive comparative study between nano filter elements, focusing on two key aspects: pressure drop and pollutant elimination efficiency. The objective was to determine the performance superiority of nano filter elements and their potential as a viable alternative for TBS (Town Border Station). The study involved a six-month investigation, during which the filter elements were subjected to regular pressure checks, structural analysis, and particle characterization. After a standard six-month placement period, the filters underwent imaging analysis using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The results showed significant differences between the two filter types. Nano filters demonstrated higher adsorption of aluminum, indicating improved pollutant capture attributed to the cartridge material. They also exhibited the presence of phosphorus, sulfur, and copper, elements absent in conventional filters, while conventional filters had higher carbon content. The smaller mesh size of nano filters facilitated the capture of smaller-sized pollutants. Silicon content was negligible in nano filters, which raised concerns compared to the small presence observed in conventional filters. Surprisingly, despite having 19 more pleats, the nano filters caused no significant pressure drop in the gas flow line while effectively retaining a greater quantity of particles. The obtained results shed light on the advantages of nano filter elements in terms of reduced pressure drop and enhanced pollutant removal capability.
Enhancing Deep Learning-Based Antenna Array Coefficient Reconstruction through Optimized Data Management
Authors: Masoodi Mehdi , Omrani Naser , Catapano Ilaria , Soldovieri Francesco 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Complex array coefficients are essential parameters for designing planar antennas with desired radiation patterns. However, reconstructing these coefficients from nearfield phaseless measurements is a challenging inverse problem that requires a large amount of data and a robust optimization algorithm. In this paper, we propose a novel method that combines an optimal non-uniform sampling strategy and a U-Net model, a convolutional neural network (CNN) that has shown high accuracy in image segmentation, to achieve this purpose. In this scheme, the most informative measurements are collected and discards the redundant ones, reducing the data size and enhancing the data quality. Furthermore, we exploit a U-Net model to learn the mapping from the measurements to the array coefficients, avoiding the difficulties of solving a non-linear inverse problem. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our method through numerical simulations, showing that our method can accurately reconstruct the array coefficients with a reduced number of measurements and outperform existing classic methods.
Chemical and boron isotopic composition of tourmaline from the Yixingzhai gold deposit, North China Craton: Proxies for ore fluids evolution and mineral exploration
Authors: Zhao Shao-Rui , Hu Hao , Jin Xiao-Ye , Deng Xiao-Dong , Robinson Paul T. , Gao Wen-Sheng , Zhang Li-Zhong 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Tourmaline is common in magmatic-hydrothermal deposits, and its composition and boron isotope geochemistry have been widely used to fingerprint the source and evolution of hydrothermal fluids and associated metals. However, whether these chemical or boron isotopic compositions or their combinations can be used as vectors for mineral exploration remains to be explored. In this study, we documented the major and trace element compositions and boron isotopic values of tourmaline along a vertical extension (i.e., 510, 830, 1230 m above sea level, a.s.l.) of the newly discovered porphyry Au mineralization in the Hewan feldspar quartz porphyry, Yixingzhai deposit, to shed light on the evolution of the ore-forming fluid, the mechanisms of Au deposition, and potential indicators for Au exploration. Field observations showed that tourmaline in the Hewan porphyry occurred mainly as orbicules or veins and intergrew with Au-bearing pyrite, hydrothermal quartz, and some clay minerals, indicating a magmatic-hydrothermal origin. Tourmaline sampled from 510 m a.s.l. showed δ11B values (–11.5 to –9.3‰) consistent with those of the average continental crust and tourmaline in magmatic systems, which suggests that the ore-forming fluid was most likely exsolved from the host Hewan porphyry. The δ11B values became heavier upward, reaching –9.9 to –1.5‰ at 830 m and –8.0 to +6.8‰ at 1230 m a.s.l. This boron isotopic variation, integrated with increasing Fe, Mg, Na, Ca, Li, Co, and Sr but decreasing Al, U, Th, REE, Zn, and Pb contents of the tourmaline samples from deep to shallow levels, implies that the initial magmatic fluids were gradually mixed with circulating meteoric water that contained materials leached from peripheral Archean metamorphic rocks and Mesoproterozoic marine sedimentary rocks. Considering the spatial distribution of the Au grade of the porphyry, we propose that a suitable mixing proportion of magmatic and meteoric fluids caused Au deposition and accumulation. We note that tourmaline samples collected from the economic Au zones had much lower and more concentrated δ11B (–11.5 to –3.0‰), Co/(Pb+Zn) (&lt;0.01), and Sr/(Pb+Zn) (0.27 to 1.07) values than those in low-grade or barren zones. Coeval plutons and breccia pipes, where tourmaline also occurs, are well developed inside and outside the Yixingzhai Au mine. We suggest that the obtained parameters can potentially be used as proxies for further Au exploration in this region. This study highlights the feasibility of using the chemical and isotopic compositions of tourmaline for mineral exploration.
Quantitative estimation and fusion optimization of radar rainfall in the Duanzhuang watershed at the eastern foot of the Taihang Mountains
Authors: Zhang Ting , Li Yi , Li Jianzhu , Li Zhixia , Wang Congmei , Liu Jin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

The temporal and spatial resolutions of rainfall data directly affect the accuracy of hydrological simulation. Weather radar has been used in business in China, but the uncertainty of data is large. At present, research on radar data and fusion in small and medium-sized basins in China is very weak. In this paper, taking the Duanzhuang watershed as an example, based on station data, Shijiazhuang's radar data are preprocessed, optimized and fused. Eleven rainfall events are selected for fusion by three methods and quality evaluation, and three flood simulations are used to test their effect. The results show that preprocessing and initial optimization have poor effects on radar data improvement. The rainfall proportional coefficient fusion method performs best in rainfall spatial estimation, where the R2 values of the three inspection stations are increased to 0.51, 0.78 and 0.82. Three fusion datasets in the peak flow and flood volume of flood simulation perform better than station data. For example, in the No.20210721 flood, the NSE of the three fusion data increased by 39, 30 and 48%. This shows that the fusion method can effectively improve the data accuracy of radar and can obtain high temporal and spatial resolution rainfall data.
Discharge estimation in a compound channel with converging and diverging floodplains using ANN–PSO and MARS
Authors: Shekhar Divyanshu , Das Bhabani Shankar , Devi Kamalini , Khuntia Jnana Ranjan , Karmaker Tapas 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The discharge estimation in rivers is crucial in implementing flood management techniques and essential flood defence and drainage systems. During the normal flood season, water flows solely in the main channel. During a flood, rivers comprise a main channel and floodplains, collectively called a compound channel. Computing the discharge is challenging in non-prismatic compound channels where the floodplains converge or diverge in a longitudinal direction. Various soft computing techniques have nowadays become popular in the field of water resource engineering to solve these complex problems. This paper uses a hybrid soft computing technique – artificial neural network and particle swarm optimization (ANN–PSO) and multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) to model the discharge in non-prismatic compound open channels. The analysis considers nine non-dimensional parameters – bed slope, relative flow depth, relative longitudinal distance, hydraulic radius ratio, angle of convergence or divergence, flow aspect ratio, relative friction factor, and area ratio – as influencing factors. A gamma test is carried out to determine the optimal combination of input variables. The developed MARS model has produced satisfactory results, with a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of less than 7% and an R2 value of more than 0.90.
Estimation of change in terrestrial water storage for Abbay River Basin, Ethiopia
Authors: Yoshe Agegnehu Kitanbo 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Access to freshwater resources has become more limited. Correspondingly, water monitoring methods in sensitive or critical areas interims of terrestrial water storage are becoming increasingly important. The monitoring of the water storage in this area, using appropriate methods and datasets, is highly effective in preventing possible future water crises. This paper aims to estimate terrestrial water storage of the Abbay River Basin with available data and tools where hydro climatological studies are scarce due to limited observation. The data obtained from Global Land Assimilation System (GLDAS), gravity recovery and climate experiment (GRACE), and TerraClimate were used for the analysis of terrestrial water storage in the river basin. The result shows that there was a varying trend of terrestrial water storage for the study time. We have observed water shortages during the dry season and surplus water during the wet season. The monitoring of changes in terrestrial water storage is crucial for optimal water resource utilization and our results confirm the major role of such monitoring in decision-making processes and management.
Assessment of climate change impacts on hydrological processes in the Usangu catchment of Tanzania under CMIP6 scenarios
Authors: Mollel Gift Raphael , Mulungu Deogratias M. M. , Nobert Joel , Alexander Augustina C. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Climate change is anticipated to have long-term effects on hydrological processes and patterns, leading to water stress in agroecological catchments. Climate change escalates water scarcity in the Usangu catchment, as evidenced by the drying up of rivers during the dry season. Therefore, this study was undertaken to assess climate change impacts on hydrology by utilizing the Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model and an ensemble mean of five Global Circulation Models (GCMs) under two shared socio-economic pathway (SSP) emission scenarios. Downscaling of GCMs was performed by the LARS-WG statistical downscaling tool. In comparison to the baseline period, short rain intervals are expected to occur between 2030 and 2060, with a mean annual precipitation increase of 7 and 17% in SSP 2–4.5 and SSP 5–8.5, respectively. Maximum and minimum temperatures are expected to rise by 0.6–2 °C. Corresponding to future temperature increases, evapotranspiration would increase to about 30% and decrease water yield and groundwater recharge by 7 and 26% in SSP 2–4.5 than in SSP 5–8.5. However, the effect of precipitation increase is shown by increased surface runoff and streamflow during wetter months. These findings provide watershed managers with crucial information for planning and managing the catchment in light of a changing climate.
Delineation of groundwater potential zones using electrical resistivity technique in Obudu basement terrain of Cross River State, Southeastern Nigeria
Authors: Ebong Ebong Dickson , Emeka Chimezie Ndunagum , Melouah Oualid , Illa Ullah Rose , Ita Anthony Edet , Asfahani Jamal 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Groundwater exploration in basement terrain can be somewhat challenging. Aquifer parameters like hydraulic conductivity and transmissivity can help in predicting groundwater potential zones in basement terrains. The vertical electrical sounding investigation that involved the Schlumberger configuration was employed to map the subsurface layers within the crystalline basement of the Obudu Complex, southeastern Nigeria. Secondary electrical resistivity data (Dar Zarrouk parameters) and a few pumping test-derived hydraulic parameters (i.e., transmissivity and hydraulic conductivity) were employed to develop empirical models. These models were used to predict hydraulic parameters at locations where only geoelectrical parameters (i.e., aquifer layer thickness and electrical resistivity) exist. Results showed that the northeastern part of the study area and areas located within zones of major faults displayed relatively higher values of hydraulic conductivity and transmissivity. The study area was classified into good, moderate, and poor groundwater potential aquifer zones. This integrated approach can be adopted in other areas with similar geology, where pumping test information is scarce or limited, as an alternative means of predicting aquifer properties and delineating groundwater potential zones for sustainable development and management of groundwater resources.
Photocatalytic and antioxidant potential of silver nanoparticles biosynthesized using Artemisia stelleriana leaf extracts
Authors: Puthukulangara Jaison Juhi , Kadanthottu Sebastian Joseph 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

The antioxidant and photocatalytic activity of Artemisia stelleriana-based silver nanoparticles (AS-AgNPs) was investigated in this study. Microscopic, X-ray diffraction and spectroscopic studies were used to characterize the synthesized AS-AgNPs. UV–visible spectrophotometric examination revealed a peak at 425 nm. The phytocompounds involved in the transformation of silver ions into AS-AgNPs were confirmed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis. The crystalline nature of the AS-AgNPs was verified using the X-ray powder diffraction technique. Spherical-shaped AS-AgNPs with a size of 22.7 nm were proved using field emission scanning electron microscopy. The AS-AgNPs were top-notch photocatalysts for the degradation of Reactive Blue-222A (RB-222A) and Reactive Blue-220 (RB-220) dyes. After 80 min of UV light exposure, AS-AgNPs degraded RB-222A and RB-220 dyes by 94.6 and 90.8%, respectively. The phytotoxicity investigation in Vigna radiata and Artemia salina indicated that the hazardous dye can be degraded into innocuous chemicals by AS-AgNPs. The results suggest that AS-AgNPs are an excellent antioxidant and photocatalyst for the degradation of synthetic dyes.
Atividade Antibacteriana in vitro de Extratos e Frações da Casca do Caule e Folhas de Caryocar brasiliense Cambess (Caryocaraceae)
Authors: Silva Wenderson Costa da , Pereira Fátima Maria de Souza , Nobre Márcio Leonardo de Morais , Siqueira Francisléia Falcão França Santos , Silva Antônia Fernanda Lopes da , Melo Karine Costa , Oliveira Romário de Sousa , Silva Francisco Laurindo da 
Published: October 2023

Apesar dos avanços técnico-científicos no campo da saúde, as doenças infecciosas continuam sendo umas das principais causas de morte em todo o mundo, sendo a resistência microbiana o principal agravante desse problema. As plantas medicinais possuem uma composição muito rica em fitoquímicos que podem ser estruturalmente otimizados e processados ​​em novos medicamentos. O objetivo desse estudo foi investigar o potencial antibacteriano do extrato e frações preparadas a partir da casca do caule e das folhas de Caryocar brasiliense Cambess, utilizando ensaios in vitro. A triagem fitoquímica de plantas foi realizada usando métodos de precipitação e coloração e a atividade antibacteriana utilizando o método de difusão em disco e microdiluição em caldo contra cepas padronizadas de Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa e Staphylococcus aureus. Os resultados da triagem fitoquímica revelaram a presença de flavonoides, esteroides livres, triterpenóides pentacíclicos livres, saponina e alcaloides. Neste estudo, os extratos brutos e frações de C. brasiliense apresentaram efeito inibitório contra S. aureus, K. pneumomiae e P. aeruginosa com halos de inibição que variou de 7,5±1,40 a 18,3±6,06 mm, sendo S. aureus mais sensível aos testes de difusão em disco. Pela microdiluição em caldo os extratos foram mais efetivos contra K. pnuemoniae (Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM) = 125-1000 µg/mL) seguido de S. aureus (CIM = 250-1000 µg/mL). Os extratos foram inativos contra E. coli. Com base nos resultados, os extratos de C. brasiliense podem vir a ser agentes alternativos para o controle de infecções associadas a essas bactérias, após estudos de toxicidade e testes in vivo.