bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IEEE Communications magazine: entertainment everywhere
Authors: Roccetti Marco 
Published: August 2005

FEATURE TOPIC: ENTERTAINMENT EVERYWHERE: System and Networking
Issues in Emerging Network-Centric Entertainment Systems
BACKGROUND:
The experience of bringing the Internet into our lives deeply is
now shared by millions of people. Take the USA, for example. It is
reported that more than a fifth of American households has a
high-speed, always-on, Internet access, and an increasing number of
them is exploiting wireless technologies to distribute the
broadband connection throughout the rooms of their homes. With such
a high-speed, always-on, connection a drastic revolution is coming
in the way people watch movies and news, listen to music, and play
games. This change has been driven fundamentally by two dominant
factors: First, the technological advances of computer-based
digital multimedia technology (high quality video and sound) have
provided consumers with good motivations to upgrade their home
entertainment systems (e.g., from mechanical VHS tape drives to
digital DVD). Second, (wireless) networking technologies have
enabled the possibility to shift what they first consumed on their
desktop PC in the office to their digital TV equipment in the
living room, as well as to the front pockets in their jackets. All
these mean that in an entertainment-equipped house we might easily
find a broadband entertainment center built on the top of a Cat-6
Ethernet cable infrastructure or on a Wi-Fi network. Such an
entertainment platform might be comprised, for example, of a
connection from the computer to the digital stereo or the TV
devices, as well as of an interconnected PlayStation2 or XBox
governed by programmable TiVo equipment for online play. In
essence, what is really new, nowadays, is that we know what
tomorrow's entertainment technology will bring to us: a "magic box"
where every game ever thought, every movie ever made, every song
ever sung, plus news, sport events and shows, will be available for
instant enjoyment with just one click on a button. While interest
for conducting research in this area was moderate for a long time,
recently, instead, great opportunities have arisen in academia, as
well as in industry, for developing researches in the field of
computer-based entertainment systems, especially focused on the
provision of networking and system support to entertainment.
Obviously, all these exciting technological advances have raised a
number of interesting research questions: How can the Internet
native language (i.e. the TCP/IP protocol) take over this complex
scenario for scaling the delivery of entertainment contents to very
large numbers of users? How can digital entertainment be delivered
efficiently to small devices such as PDAs and cell phones? How can
new system development styles, like the peer-to-peer style for
example, have influence on the architecture of computer-based
entertainment systems? How can the employed protocol be integrated
to optimize the distribution of entertainment contents?
Evaluation of hardware and software schedulers for embedded switches
Authors: Serpanos Dimitrios N. , Mountrouidou Poluxeni , Gamvrili Maria 
Published: August 2005

High-speed packet switches become increasingly important to embedded systems because they provide multiple parallel data paths necessary in emerging systems such as embedded multiprocessors, multiprotocol communication processors, and so on. The most promising architecture for embedded switches is the one that uses multiple input queues, due to its low-cost integration in conventional embedded systems, which include memory management subsystems. Such switches require high-speed schedulers, in order to resolve conflicts among packet destinations and to achieve low latency, high bandwidth communication, while providing fairness guarantees. In general, these schedulers are categorized as centralized or distributed, depending on their operation.
In this paper, we evaluate hardware and software implementations of two schedulers: 2-dimensional round-robin and FIRM, which are centralized and distributed, respectively. The evaluation is performed for embedded system implementation, on a system that includes an FPGA and an embedded processor on-chip. The performance results show that, in contrast to expectations, centralized schedulers provide better performance than distributed ones in hardware implementations. In software implementations for embedded processors, surprisingly, distributed schedulers achieve better performance, due to better management of the processor's limited resources and simpler code; our experiments have shown that compilers for embedded systems are quite limited and require significant improvement. Finally, we evaluate the scalability of the schedulers, in terms of throughput, circuit complexity, and power consumption, based on implementation technology, considering the dramatic improvements expected in the availability of high-speed programmable logic and embedded processors on the same chip.
SMU to offer women's industry scholarship
Authors: Lee Newton 
Published: August 2005

The Guildhall at Southern Methodist University (SMU) has announced that it has partnered with WomenGamers.com to "present the first-ever women's-only, industry-funded scholarship to attend SMU's one-of-a-kind digital games education program in Dallas, Texas."
Funded by businesses that recognize the need for more women in the game developer workforce, the Game Development Scholarship for Women will help cover the cost of tuition ($37,000) during the 18-month Guildhall program. MaryMargaret.com, a sponsor of the Women's Game Conference, will be assisting WomenGamers.com and SMU in finding publishers or developers who may be able to donate to the scholarship program.
The Guildhall at SMU Executive Director, Peter Raad, PhD, commented, "Game development studios and publishers must learn to capitalize more effectively on the increasing numbers of women playing games. We believe the most important step toward achieving that goal is for game developers' staffing choices to be reflective of the growing market of female gamers."
A press conference concerning the women's scholarship will be held at the upcoming Women's Game Conference during September 9-10 in Austin, Texas.
The Guildhall at SMU
WomenGamers.com Scholarship Fund
5232 Tennyson Parkway
Plano, Texas 75024
http://guildhall.ecsrv.smu.edu/womenscholarship.htm
http://guildhall.ecsrv.smu.edu/more-about-womenscholarships.htm
Interview with Roy E. Disney
Authors: Disney Roy E. 
Published: August 2005

The legendary Alan Kay and Roy E. Disney have graciously
appeared on camera for interviews and joined the ACM Computers in
Entertainment magazine's editorial board. Alan and Roy are two of
the nicest people to talk to and work with. Alan talked about soft
fun versus hard fun, and his research on Squeak for enhancing and
amplifying learning in children's education. Roy told us about
educators versus entertainers, and his views on traditional and CGI
animations. The video clips of the interviews are available at
http://www.acm.org/pubs/cie/oct2003/index.html
Roy E. Disney is Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors of The
Walt Disney Company and chairman of Walt Disney Animation. He began
his entertainment industry career in 1953, working as an assistant
film editor on the "Dragnet" TV series. He joined The Walt Disney
Company in 1954 and served as assistant film editor on motion
pictures, including "The Living Desert" and "The Vanishing Prairie"
both Academy Award winners. As a writer and production associate,
Roy received an Academy Award nomination his work on the short
subject "Mysteries of the Deep" in 1959. More information is
available at
http://psc.disney.go.com/corporate/communications/bios/Disney.html
The Simulation of Moisture Processes in Climate Models and Climate Sensitivity
Authors: Hu Haijun , Oglesby Robert J. , Marshall Susan 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
General circulation models (GCMs) designed for projecting climatic change have exhibited a wide range of sensitivity. Therefore, projected surface warming with increasing CO2 varies considerably depending on which model is used. Despite notable advances in computing power and modeling techniques that have occurred over the past decade, uncertainties of model sensitivity have not been reduced accordingly. The sensitivity issue is investigated by examining two GCMs of very different modeling techniques and sensitivity, with attention focused on how moisture processes are treated in these models, how moisture simulations are affected by these processes, and how well these simulations compare to the observed and analyzed moisture field. Both GCMs predict increases of atmospheric moisture with doubled CO2, but the increment predicted by one model is substantially higher (approximately twice) than that predicted by the other. This same difference is seen in responses of the boundary layer diffusive moistening rate. Calculations with a radiative–convective model indicate that the differences in predicted equilibrium atmospheric moisture, including both column amount and vertical distribution, have contributed to the largest differences in model sensitivity between the two models. We argue that in order for climate models to be credible for prediction purposes, they must possess credible skills of simulating surface and boundary layer processes, which likely holds the key to overall moisture performance, its response to external forcing, and in turn to model sensitivity.
The Linear Response of ENSO to the Madden–Julian Oscillation
Authors: Zavala-Garay J. , Zhang C. , Moore A. M. , Kleeman R. 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
The possibility that the tropical Pacific coupled system linearly amplifies perturbations produced by the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) is explored. This requires an estimate of the low-frequency tail of the MJO. Using 23 yr of NCEP–NCAR reanalyses of surface wind and Reynolds SST, we show that the spatial structure that dominates the intraseasonal band (i.e., the MJO) also dominates the low-frequency band once the anomalies directly related to ENSO have been removed. This low-frequency contribution of the intraseasonal variability is not included in most ENSO coupled models used to date. Its effect in a coupled model of intermediate complexity has, therefore, been studied. It is found that this “MJO forcing” (τMJO) can explain a large fraction of the interannual variability in an asymptotically stable version of the model. This interaction is achieved via linear dynamics. That is, it is the cumulative effect of individual events that maintains ENSOs in this model. The largest coupled wind anomalies are initiated after a sequence of several downwelling Kelvin waves of the same sign have been forced by τMJO. The cumulative effect of the forced Kelvin waves is to persist the (small) SST anomalies in the eastern Pacific just enough for the coupled ocean–atmosphere dynamics to amplify the anomalies into a mature ENSO event. Even though τMJO explains just a small fraction of the energy contained in the stress not associated with ENSO, a large fraction of the modeled ENSO variability is excited by this forcing. The characteristics that make τMJO an optimal stochastic forcing for the model are discussed. The large zonal extent is an important factor that differentiates the MJO from other sources of stochastic forcing.
Indian Ocean Climate and Dipole Variability in Hadley Centre Coupled GCMs
Authors: Spencer Hilary , Sutton Rowan T. , Slingo Julia M. , Roberts Malcolm , Black Emily 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
Prediction of Indian Ocean interannual variability may be limited by the systematic biases in coupled GCMs or by a lack of resolution of the processes involved. In particular, little is known about the impact of ocean resolution on simulated climate variability. The simulation of Indian Ocean climate and dipole is investigated in Hadley Centre coupled models with different horizontal and vertical ocean resolutions.
The mean state of the Indian Ocean is found to improve only slightly when horizontal resolution is increased from 1.25° to ⅓° and when vertical resolution is increased from 20 to 40 vertical levels due to a small reduction of the Maritime Continent warm bias. However, improvements in the simulation of the dipole are more substantial. All versions of the model realistically simulate dipole onset between April and June, peak in September to October, and then rapidly decay between October and January. The SST anomalies are accompanied by realistic equatorial easterly wind anomalies with thermocline shoaling in the east and deepening in the southwest.
In the model with the 1.25° ocean and 20 vertical levels, the dipoles do not terminate completely but persist through the austral summer and then frequently reinvigorate the following year. This unrealistic behavior is eliminated when the ocean vertical resolution is increased from around 20 m in the thermocline to 10 m in the whole of the top 135 m and when Java is represented (even at 1.25° resolution). It is hypothesized that the improvement is due to the resolution of the separation between the thermocline and the surface and also due to the small reduction of the Maritime Continent warm bias.
Anti-lipid phosphate phosphohydrolase-3 (LPP3) antibody inhibits bFGF- and VEGF-induced capillary morphogenesis of endothelial cells
Authors: Wary Kishore K , Humtsoe Joseph O 
Published: August 2005

Abstract

Background
Angiogenesis, or the remodeling of existing vasculature serves as a lifeline to nourish developing embryos and starved tissues, and to accelerate wound healing, diabetic retinopathy, and tumor progression. Recent studies indicate that angiogenesis requires growth factor activity as well as cell adhesion events mediated by α5β1 and αvβ3 integrins. We previously demonstrated that human lipid phosphate phosphohydrolase-3 (LPP3) acts as a cell-associated ligand for α5β1 and αvβ3 integrins. Here, we test the hypothesis that an anti-LPP3 antibody can inhibit basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)-and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced capillary morphogenesis of endothelial cells (ECs).

Results
We report that bFGF and VEGF up-regulate LPP3 protein expression in ECs. Immunoprecipitation analyses show that LPP3 is a cell surface protein and undergoes N-glycosylation. Fluorescent activated cell sorting (FACS) data suggest that anti-LPP3-RGD detects native neoepitope on the surface of activated ECs. Moreover, we demonstrate LPP3 protein expression in tumor endothelium alongside VEGF. The embedding of ECs into three-dimensional type I collagen in the presence of bFGF and VEGF induce capillary formation. Importantly, we show that the addition of an anti-LPP3 antibody specifically and significantly blocks bFGF- and VEGF-induced capillary morphogenesis of ECs.

Conclusion
These data suggest that activated ECs as well as tumor endothelium express LPP3 protein. In an in vitro assay, the anti-LPP3-RGD specifically blocks bFGF and VEGF induced capillary morphogenesis of ECs. Our results, therefore, suggest a role for LPP3 in angiogenesis.
Moment-to-moment dynamics of ADHD behaviour
Authors: Aase Heidi , Sagvolden Terje 
Published: August 2005

Abstract

Background
The behaviour of children with Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder is often described as highly variable, in addition to being hyperactive, impulsive and inattentive. One reason might be that they do not acquire complete and functional sequences of behaviour. The dynamic developmental theory of ADHD proposes that reinforcement and extinction processes are inefficient because of hypofunctioning dopamine systems, resulting in a narrower time window for associating antecedent stimuli and behaviour with its consequences. One effect of this may be that the learning of behavioural sequences is delayed, and that only short behavioural sequences are acquired in ADHD. The present study investigated acquisition of response sequences in the behaviour of children with ADHD.

Methods
Fifteen boys with ADHD and thirteen boys without, all aged between 6–9 yr, completed a computerized task presented as a game with two squares on the screen. One square was associated with reinforcement. The task required responses by the computer mouse under reinforcement contingencies of variable interval schedules. Reinforcers were cartoon pictures and small trinkets. Measures related to response location (spatial dimension) and to response timing (temporal dimension) were analyzed by autocorrelations of consecutive responses across five lags. Acquired response sequences were defined as predictable responding shown by high explained variance.

Results
Children with ADHD acquired shorter response sequences than comparison children on the measures related to response location. None of the groups showed any predictability in response timing. Response sequencing on the measure related to the discriminative stimulus was highly related to parent scores on a rating scale for ADHD symptoms.

Conclusion
The findings suggest that children with ADHD have problems with learning long sequences of behaviour, particularly related to response location. Problems with learning long behavioural sequences may ultimately lead to deficient development of verbally governed behaviour and self control. The study represents a new approach to analyzing the moment-to-moment dynamics of behaviour, and provides support for the theory that reinforcement processes are altered in ADHD.
Chemo-Immunotherapy of Metastatic Colorectal Carcinoma With Gemcitabine Plus FOLFOX 4 Followed by Subcutaneous Granulocyte Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor and Interleukin-2 Induces Strong Immunologic and Antitumor Activity in Metastatic Colon Cancer Patients
Authors: Correale Pierpaolo , Cusi Maria Grazia , Tsang Kwong Yok , Del Vecchio Maria Teresa , Marsili Stefania , Placa Marco La , Intrivici Chiara , Aquino Angelo , Micheli Lucia , Nencini Cristina , Ferrari Francesco , Giorgi Giorgio , Bonmassar Enzo , Francini Guido 
Published: August 2005

Purpose Tumor cell killing by anticancer drugs may be supported by their immuno- and pharmacologic effects. Chemotherapy is in fact able to (A) upregulate tumor-associated antigen expression, including carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) or other target molecules such as thymidylate synthase (TS); and (B) downregulate tumor cell resistance to the death signals induced by tumor antigen–specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes. This provides the rationale for combining chemo- and immunotherapy. Materials and Methods We describe the results of a translational phase II trial designed to evaluate the toxicity, antitumor activity and immunologic effects of gemcitabine + FOLFOX-4 (oxaliplatin, fluorouracil, and folinic acid) polychemotherapy followed by the subcutaneous administration of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor and low-dose interleukin-2 in colorectal carcinoma patients. The study involved 29 patients (16 males and 13 females with a mean age of 69 years), 21 of whom had received a previous line of treatment, and 19 had liver involvement. Results The treatment was well tolerated and induced very high objective response (68.9%) and disease control rates (96.5%), with an average time to progression of 12.5 months. An immunologic study of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) taken from 20 patients showed an enhanced proliferative response to colon carcinoma antigen and a significant reduction in suppressive regulatory T lymphocytes (CD4+CD25T-reg+). A cytofluorimetric study of the PBMCs of five HLA-A(★)02.01+ patients who achieved an objective response showed an increased frequency of cytolytic T lymphocyte precursors specific for known CEA- and TS-derived epitopes. Conclusion The results show that our regimen has strong immunologic and antitumor activity in colorectal cancer patients and deserves to be investigated in phase III trials.
A Controlled, Randomized, Double-Blind Trial of Prophylaxis Against Jaundice Among Breastfed Newborns
Authors: Gourley Glenn R. , Li Zhanhai , Kreamer Bill L. , Kosorok Michael R. 
Published: August 2005

Objectives. Neonatal jaundice is a greater problem for infants fed breast milk, compared with formula. This study tested the hypotheses that feeding breastfed newborns β-glucuronidase inhibitors during the first week after birth would increase fecal bilirubin excretion and would reduce jaundice without affecting breastfeeding deleteriously.Methods. Sixty-four breastfed newborns were randomized to 4 groups, ie, control or receiving 6 doses per day (5 mL per dose) of l-aspartic acid, enzymatically hydrolyzed casein (EHC), or whey/casein (W/C) for the first week. l-Aspartic acid and EHC inhibit β-glucuronidase. Transcutaneous bilirubin levels (primary outcome) were measured daily (Jaundice Meter [Minolta/Air Shields, Hatboro, PA] and Bilicheck [Respironics, Pittsburgh, PA]). All stools were collected, and fecal bile pigments, including bilirubin diglucuronide, bilirubin monoglucuronides, and bilirubin, were analyzed with high-performance liquid chromatography. Follow-up assessments included day 7 body weight, day 6/7 prebreastfeeding/postbreastfeeding weights, maternal ratings, and ages at formula introduction and breastfeeding cessation.Results. The groups were comparable at entry. Overall, the l-aspartic acid, EHC, and W/C groups had significantly lower transcutaneous bilirubin levels than did the control group (75.8%, 69.6%, and 69.2%, respectively, of the control mean, 8.53 mg/dL, at the bilirubin peak on day 4). The l-aspartic acid, EHC, and W/C groups had significantly lower transcutaneous bilirubin levels on days 3 to 7. Fecal bile pigment excretion was greatest in the l-aspartic acid group, significantly greater than control values. There were no significant differences in dosages, follow-up measurements, and maternal ratings.Conclusions. Use of minimal aliquots of l-aspartic acid and EHC for β-glucuronidase inhibition results in increased fecal bilirubin excretion and less jaundice, without disruption of the breastfeeding experience. Decreased jaundice in the W/C group, which lacked a β-glucuronidase inhibitor, suggests a different mechanism.
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis in Children: Discordant Neurologic and Neuroimaging Abnormalities and Response to Plasmapheresis
Authors: Khurana Divya S. , Melvin Joseph J. , Kothare Sanjeev V. , Valencia Ignacio , Hardison H. Huntley , Yum Sabrina , Faerber Eric N. , Legido Agustin 
Published: August 2005

Objectives. To describe our experience with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), focusing on (1) the relationship between clinical course and MRI findings and (2) the response to plasmapheresis in a subgroup of patients.
Methods. A retrospective record review was conducted of 13 children who were admitted as inpatients with the diagnosis of ADEM during the period 1998–2003.
Results. Diagnosis was established by clinical signs and symptoms, cerebrospinal fluid changes and multifocal involvement of deep gray and white matter based on MRI. Initial therapy was high-dose methylprednisolone and intravenous immunoglobulin in 12 patients. One child improved spontaneously. Six of 12 children did not improve with corticosteroid treatment. All 6 had an acute progressive course neurologically, and 5 of them also showed a delay in the onset of neuroimaging changes, eventually developing lesions in the deep gray matter and brainstem. This latter group received 5 sessions of plasmapheresis and recovered over the course of several months with varying degrees of residual neurologic deficits.
Conclusions. Presentation of ADEM with delayed development of MRI lesions in deep gray matter and brainstem may herald a prolonged clinical course and lack of response to glucocorticoid therapy. Plasmapheresis might be an effective therapeutic intervention in these patients. The role of plasmapheresis versus corticosteroids and intravenous immunoglobulin as a primary treatment of ADEM needs to be investigated further.