bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Density dependent modulation of cell cycle protein expression in astrocytes
Authors: Nakatsuji Yuji , Miller Robert H. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe proliferation of type‐1 astrocytes is strongly inhibited by homotypic cell‐contact. To examine the mechanisms mediating this inhibition of proliferation, the expression of cell cycle related proteins was compared between exponential growth‐phase and contact‐inhibited astrocytes. Expression of the cyclin‐dependent kinase (Cdk) inhibitor p27Kip1 was upregulated 10‐fold in confluent compared with growth‐phase cultures. Density‐induced expression of p27Kip1 was reversible. When confluent cultures of astrocytes expressing high levels of p27Kip1 were replated at low density, the expression of p27Kip1 decreased rapidly. In contrast to p27Kip1, the expression levels of the cell cycle protein, cyclin A was decreased ten‐fold in confluent cultures compared with those in growth phase. In addition, the ratio of hyperphosphorylated to hypophosphorylated retinoblastoma protein (pRb) decreased concomitantly with the increase of p27Kip1 and the decrease of cyclin A levels. These results suggest that increased expression of p27Kip1 and decreased expression of cyclin A underlie the reduction in proliferation of contact inhibited astrocytes. High levels of mitogenic stimulation could transiently override contact‐dependent inhibition of astrocyte proliferation. Addition of exogenous epidermal growth factor (EGF) resulted in elevated proliferation at high density and formation of multiple cell layers. Addition of EGF did not substantially alter levels of p27Kip1 or cyclin A, but did elevate the levels of cyclin D1. Such changes in cell cycle protein expression may contribute to elevated cell proliferation seen in reactive gliosis after injury to the adult CNS. J. Neurosci. Res. 66:487–496, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Trends in the daily intensity of precipitation in Italy from 1951 to 1996
Authors: Brunetti Michele , Colacino Michele , Maugeri Maurizio , Nanni Teresa 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAn analysis of 67 sites of daily precipitation records over the 1951–1996 period for Italy is presented. Seasonal and yearly total precipitation (TP), number of wet days (WDs) and precipitation intensity (PI) are investigated, and the trends both for the single station records, and for some different area average series are studied. PI is analysed by attributing precipitation to ten class‐intervals, removing the influence of variations in the number of WDs to yield changes in the underlying shape of the WD amount distribution. The results show that the trend for the number of WDs in the year is significantly negative throughout Italy, stronger in the north than in the south: this trend is mainly a result of the winter. Moreover, they show that there is a tendency toward an increase in PI. This increase is globally less strong and significant than the decrease in the number of WDs. It is not concentrated in one specific season, but changes from area to area, and is generally weak in winter, due to a significant decrease of winter TP. In northern Italy, the increase in PI is mainly owing to a strong increase in the heaviest events, while in central–southern Italy, it depends on a larger part of the distribution of WD amounts. The analysis of the evolution of the class‐interval contributions shows that the positive trend of the heaviest events starts in the 1970s, as does the negative trend of lightest events. Copyright © 2001 Royal Meteorological Society.
Introductory studies on the growth and characterization of carotenoid solids: an approach to carotenoid solid engineering
Authors: Mori Yuzo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSolids of seven all‐trans isomeric carotenoids, β‐carotene, β‐apo‐8′‐carotenal, astaxanthin, canthaxanthin, spheroidene, lycopene and zeaxanthin, were studied in the forms of KBr disks, aggregates, thin films and single crystals in an effort to understand and control the molecular arrangement of the solids. Optical absorption and resonance Raman scattering were adopted to characterize the arrangements. Card‐packed arrangements and head‐to‐tail arrangements were realized by changing either the end groups or the growth process. These studies, which reveal the elementary engineering of solid growth and its characterization, may open up carotenoid solid engineering to develop useful applications of the materials in the fields of electronics, photonics and mechanical engineering. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High‐resolution Fourier transform Raman spectra of the fundamental bands of 14N15N and 15N2
Authors: Bendtsen Jørgen 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe Fourier transform Raman spectra of the fundamental bands of 14N15N and 15N2 were measured with a resolution of 0.02 cm−1. Lines from all branches (O, Q, S) were observed and measured. The analyses of the wavenumbers yield improved values for the band origins ν0(14N15N) = 2291.33773(8) cm−1 and ν0(15N2) = 2252.07846(9) cm−1 and improved values for the rotational parameters of the ground state and the first excited state of the two molecules. The values obtained for 14N15N are B0 = 1.9236102(35) cm−1 and D0 = 5.3530(94) × 10−6 cm−1 and B1 − B0 = −0.01651064(86) cm−1 and D1 − D0 = 1.06(16) × 10−8 cm−1. For 15N2 the following values obtained are B0 = 1.8576250(36) cm−1, D0 = 4.9760(87), B1 − B0 = 0.01566657(99) cm−1 and D1 − D0 = 0.94(18) × 10−8 cm−1. The bond length calculated for all three isotopomers of molecular nitrogen shows a systematic decrease with increasing molecular mass. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Crystal structure and polarized vibrational spectra of 2‐bromo‐4‐nitropyridine N‐oxide single crystal
Authors: Hanuza J. , Michalski J. , Ma̧czka M. , Waśkowska A. , Talik Z. , van der Maas J. H. 
Published: August 2002

Abstract2‐Bromo‐4‐nitropyridine N‐oxide is orthorhombic, space group Pbca, with eight molecules per unit cell of dimensions a = 5.979(1), b = 9.899(1), c = 23.249(5) Å. The Br ion is nearly coplanar with the pyridine ring, while the two oxygen atoms of the nitro group are displaced above and below the ring by (−0.214 Å) and (+0.053 Å). The hydrogen bond of the type C—H···O links the molecules into pairs around centers of symmetry. These dimers, arranged into layers related by glide planes, are held together solely by contacts of the van der Waals type. The polarized Fourier transform IR and Raman spectra, measured in the regions 30–3500 and 80–3500 cm−1, respectively, are correlated with x‐ray structural data. Comparison of the spectrum of the dissolved sample with the spectra obtained from the polycrystalline sample and single crystals shows the attractive character of the intermolecular C—H···O contacts for these molecules. The temperature‐dependent IR spectra suggest the presence of orientational disorder at higher temperatures. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In situ Raman spectroscopy for the characterization of MoVW mixed oxide catalysts
Authors: Mestl Gerhard 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn situ Raman spectroscopy was used to characterize the synthesis and activation steps of mixed metal oxide catalysts starting from the mixed solutions, through subsequent drying and activation procedures, to the catalytic propene partial oxidation reaction. Comparison with Raman spectra recorded for defined, well‐crystallized reference oxides allowed the assignment of the spectra obtained during the catalyst preparation to certain oxides, such as Mo5O14. Especially the latter oxide phase is relevant for selective partial oxidation catalysis. The selectivity for partial oxidation products could be improved between two‐ and three‐fold when the amount of Mo5O14‐type oxide increased. This phase forms from mixtures of molybdenum and tungsten and from mixtures of molybdenum, tungsten and vanadium, but not from binary mixtures of molybdenum and vanadium with high vanadium concentrations. Tungsten and vanadium play an important role as structural promoters in the formation and stabilization of this oxide and for high catalytic activity. A resonance Raman effect was proved for reduced molybdenum oxides due to resonant coupling of the exciting laser to the IVCT transitions between fivefold‐coordinated Mo5+ and sixfold‐coordinated Mo6+. This resonance enhancement renders possible the in situ characterization of operating, reduced molybdenum oxide catalysts. In contrast to the Mo5O14‐type phase, MoO3−x exhibits a high selectivity to total oxidation, and it even becomes re‐oxidized during propene partial oxidation. These different catalytic properties of MoO3−x and the Mo5O14‐type oxide led to the development of a structure–activity relationship which explains the behavior of industrial catalysts. A model is proposed on the basis of a bond order–Raman wavenumber relationship, which explains the different selectivities of these two oxides in terms of metal–oxygen bond strengths, i.e. oxygen basicity and oxygen lability, respectively. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in renal cell carcinoma and the relation to angiogenesis and p53 protein expression
Authors: Lee Ji Shin , Kim Hyung Seok , Jung Jong Jae , Park Chang Soo , Lee Min Cheol 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackground and Objectives:Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) seems to play an important role in tumor angiogenesis. The tumor‐suppressor gene p53 has been thought to regulate VEGF expression. We investigated the effect of VEGF expression on renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and the correlation between the expression of VEGF and tumor angiogenesis and p53 protein expression.Methods:Sixty‐two RCCs were examined by immunohistochemical studies with anti‐VEGF, anti‐p53, and anti‐CD34 antibodies.Results:Forty tumors (80.6%) were classified as VEGF positive, and 28 tumors (45.2%) were positive for p53 protein. The microvessel density was 75.3 ± 33.5. A significant correlation was found between VEGF expression and both the nuclear grade (P < 0.05) and the TNM stage (P < 0.05). The tumors with VEGF expression had a significantly higher microvessel density than those without VEGF expression (P < 0.01). There was no statistically significant correlation between p53 protein and VEGF expression. No statistically significant differences in survival were found to be associated with microvessel density, VEGF expression or p53 protein expression. By using multivariate survival analyses, nuclear grade (P < 0.05) and TNM stage (P < 0.05) were the only independent prognostic factors.Conclusions:Our data do not show a direct regulation of VEGF expression by p53. We suggest that VEGF expression plays a role in the promotion of angiogenesis in RCC. J. Surg. Oncol. 2001; 77:55–60. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Laser enhancement in hepatic regeneration for partially hepatectomized rats
Authors: de Castroe Silva O. , Zucoloto S. , Menegazzo L.A.G. , Granato R.G. , Marcassa L.G. , Bagnato V.S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveThe bio‐stimulation effect of laser has been observed in many areas of Medicine. However, there are a few works which investigate its use for liver regeneration. Most of their results were inconclusive due to the use of high power lasers. This work was carried out to investigate the bio‐stimulation effect of laser in liver regeneration using low power lasers.Study Design/Materials and MethodsWe used Wistar male rats, which were irradiated with laser light (wavelength 590 nm and intensity of 50 mW/cm2) for 5 minutes after 70% hepatectomy. The respiratory mitochondrial activity, the serum level of aminotransferase and the PCNA were measured.ResultsOur results show a dramatic increase in the mitochondrial activity for the laser treated group at 24 hours after the hepatectomy.ConclusionsWe conclude that the laser promotes a bio‐stimulation effect on the early stages of liver regeneration without any detectable damage of the cells. Lasers Surg. Med. 29:73–77, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ploidy differences between hormone‐ and chemical carcinogen–induced rat mammary neoplasms: Comparison to invasive human ductal breast cancer*
Authors: Li Jonathan J. , Papa Dan , Davis Marilyn F. , Weroha S. John , Aldaz C. Marcelo , El‐Bayoumy Karam , Ballenger Jodi , Tawfik Ossama , Li Sara Antonia 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTo ascertain differences between solely hormone– and chemical carcinogen–induced murine mammary gland tumors (MGTs), a direct comparison of their ploidy status was assessed. Nuclear image cytometry (NIC) was used to evaluate ploidy in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and MGTs induced solely by 17β‐estradiol (E2) in female A‐strain Copenhagen Irish hooded gene rats (ACI) and E2 plus testosterone propionate in male Noble rats. These results were compared to ploidy data from primary MGTs induced by two synthetic carcinogens, 7,12‐dimethylbenz[a]antracene and nitrosomethylurea in female Brown Lewis Norway rats and an environmental carcinogen, 6‐nitrochrysene, in female Sprague‐Dawley rats. Both DCIS and primary MGTs induced solely by hormones were highly aneuploid (> 84%), whereas MGTs induced by either synthetic or environmental carcinogens were primarily diploid (> 85%). Examination of 76 metaphase plates obtained from eight individual E2‐induced ACI female rat MGTs revealed the following consistent chromosome alterations: gains in chromosomes 7, 11, 12, 13, 19, and 20 and loss of chromosome 12. On Southern blot analysis, six of nine ACI female rat primary E2‐induced MGTs (66%) exhibited amplified copy numbers (range: 3.4–6.9 copies) of the c‐myc gene. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis of these MGTs revealed specific fluorescent hybridization signals for c‐myc (7q33) on all three homologs of a trisomy in chromosome 7. NIC analysis of 140 successive nonfamilial sporadic invasive human ductal breast cancers (BCs) showed an aneuploid frequency of 61%, while 31 DCISs revealed a 71% aneuploid frequency. These results clearly demonstrate that the female ACI rat E2‐induced MGTs more closely resemble invasive human DCIS and ductal BC in two pertinent aspects: they are highly aneuploid compared with chemical carcinogen–induced MGTs and exhibit a high frequency of c‐myc amplification. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Vascular parkinsonism: Clinical correlates predicting motor improvement after lumbar puncture
Authors: Ondo William G. , Chan Ling Ling , Levy Joel K. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractVascular parkinsonism (VP) is a poorly defined entity which has clinical, and perhaps pathological, overlap with other diagnoses. Although classical VP involves lesions of the basal ganglia, the majority of cases actually show diffuse subcortical white matter changes (SCWMC) on imaging. The exact pathologies of these white matter changes are debated and likely heterogeneous, but are generally thought to represent areas of chronic or recurrent partial ischemia. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage is the treatment for NPH and has been reported to improve symptoms in some patients with idiopathic NPH and associated SCWMC. To determine whether historical, clinical, or radiographic factors predict improvement in VP patients after CSF drainage, we removed 35–40 ml of CSF via lumbar punctures (LP) from 40 patients and compared responders with nonresponders for a variety of demographics, clinical features, and blindly interpreted magnetic resonance images (MRI). Fifteen patients (37.5%) reported “significant and irrefutable” gait improvement after LP. Twelve (30.0%) reported no effect and 13 (32.5%) reported mild or very transient improvement. Timed gait in a subset of patients improved (P < 0.05) immediately after LP. Clinically, improvement after CSF removal was predicted by any positive response to levodopa (P < 0.001), the lack of vertical gaze palsies (P < 0.05), the lack of a pure freezing gait (P < 0.05), and the lack of hypotensive episodes (P < 0.05). Blinded MRI interpretation did not find features which clearly predicted response. Some patients diagnosed with VP improved after LP. Clinically, these patients tended to resemble idiopathic PD, whereas nonresponders more closely resembled progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). These results warrant further investigation and also raise the possibility of testing CSF drainage in patients with idiopathic PD complicated by SCWMC. © 2001 Movement Disorder Society.
Modal analysis of a rectangular waveguide with rounded sides
Authors: Shen Zhongxiang , Lu Xinjian 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis article presents a rigorous full‐wave modal analysis of a rectangular waveguide with rounded sides. The plane wave series expansion of Bessel function is employed to obtain the closed‐form modal functions for both TE and TM modes. Characteristic equations for calculating the eigenvalues (cutoff wavenumbers) of both TE and TM modes are derived. Numerical results are presented for the cutoff wavenumbers of the dominant mode as well as the higher‐order modes supported in the rounded‐side rectangular waveguide. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 33: 365–368, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10323
187Os subspectra in 1H and 31P{1H} spectra of triosmium carbonyl clusters
Authors: Stchedroff Marc J. , Aime Silvio , Gobetto Roberto , Salassa Luca , Nordlander Ebbe 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA survey of the use of 187Os satellite subspectra in 1H and 31P{1H} spectra of triosmium carbonyl clusters is reported. By varying evolution delays in HMQC spectra of [Os3(µ‐H)2(CO)10] we have selectively extracted the values for 1J(Os,H) and 2J(Os,H), respectively. An analysis of the principal modes of phosphine coordination in triosmium clusters demonstrates that 31P{1H}187Os satellite subspectra are diagnostic for equatorial coordination [1J(Os,P) = 211–223 Hz] or for axial coordination (perpendicular to the plane of the cluster) [1J(Os,P) ≈ 147 Hz]. Chelating and bridging diphosphines yield 187Os satellite subspectra which are the sum of A2X and AA′X spin systems. If significant P–P coupling is present, the AA′X component requires simulation. All observed 2J(Os,P) trans‐equatorial couplings fall in the range 38–65 Hz. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Outer egg coats of the marsupial conceptus: Secretion and protein composition
Authors: Casey Nicholas P. , Martinus Ryan , Selwood Lynne 
Published: August 2002

AbstractLittle is known of the composition of the outer egg coats. We aimed to quantify secretion during embryonic development, identify precursor secreting cells and investigate protein composition. The study was based on 259 egg coats and 14 reproductive tracts of 104 T. vulpecula undergoing natural and induced cycles and 341 coats from 35 Sminthopsis macroura undergoing natural cycles. Following PAGE, Western blotting, and amino acid sequencing of egg coats, the short peptide sequences obtained from T. vulpecula and S. macroura coats were found to be dissimilar to each other and to any known protein. However, in T. vulpecula, S. macroura coat polyclonal antibody cross‐reacted with coat precursors, suggesting similar epitopes, and showed mucoid precursors in secretory cells in oviduct epithelia and shell precursors in glands in the utero–tubal junction and uterus. Immuno‐electron microscopy located shell coat precursors in various previously unidentified cell types, including pre‐ovulatory apoptotic cells, early post‐ovulatory holocrine cells, and milk‐producing cells, found at blastocyst stages. Ultrastructural and quantitative volumetric analysis of the intact shell coat suggested a second wave of secretion at the blastocyst stages in T. vulpecula. Despite differences in protein composition, it was concluded that marsupial egg coats are homologous to each other because of similarities in ultrastructure and time and location of secretion. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 62: 181–194, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nopp 140 involvement in nucleologenesis of mouse preimplantation embryos
Authors: Baran V. , Brochard V. , Renard J.P. , Flechon J.E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAs it was shown earlier, resumption of rRNA transcription in early mouse embryo is localized in the peripheral region of nucleolus precursor body/NPB/during the two‐cell stage. Recently, nucleolar phosphoprotein Nopp140 was presented to shuttle between the nucleolus and cytoplasm as chaperone of snoRNPs. Nopp140 interacts with RNA polymerase I in nucleolus and also accumulates in CBs, suggesting a pathway between the two organelles. The aim of the study was to describe the changing location of Nopp140 during the first cleavage stages of mouse embryos and its re‐location after inhibition of rRNA synthesis with actinomycin D. Light microscope immunocytochemical staining showed Nopp140 in the periphery of NPBs before activation of rDNA transcription and in addition confirmed its localization in CBs. Immunolabelling with antibodies against RNA Pol I and UBF gave co‐localization of these proteins, implicating that Nopp140 may actively participate to rDNA transcription. We suggest that fundamental differences in molecular organization of rDNA synthesis and postranscriptional processes between cycling somatic and pre‐implantation embryonic cells may be in selective transport of transcription and/or processing‐complexes of proteins to the nucleolar organizer regions (NOR). Mol. Reprod. Dev. 59:277–284, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of intracytoplasmic sperm injection for inbred and hybrid mice
Authors: Kawase Yosuke , Iwata Takamitsu , Toyoda Yutaka , Wakayama Teruhiko , Yanagimachi Ryuzo , Suzuki Hiroshi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe compared the results of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) that leads to full term development of hybrid (B6C3F1 and B6D2F1) and inbred (C57BL/6) mouse embryos. Although fertilization and pre‐implantation development of C57BL/6 eggs were similar to those of F1 hybrid eggs, post‐implantation development of the embryos from C57BL/6 females was significantly poorer than those of the eggs from hybrid females. Reciprocal crosses of C57BL/6 and B6C3F1 gametes revealed that the low rate of post‐implantation development of C57BL/6 embryos was due to oocyte factor(s), rather than the sperm factor. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 60: 74–78, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of homeobox‐containing genes in cDNA libraries derived from cattle oocytes and preimplantation stage embryo
Authors: Ponsuksili Siriluck , Wimmers Klaus , Adjaye James , Schellander Karl 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe homeobox‐containing gene family plays a pivotal role in regulating, patterning, and axial morphogenesis in the developing embryo. But there is still very little known about the expression and function of these genes in mammalian oocytes and preimplantation stage embryos. In this study we have used degenerate primers corresponding to the highly conserved regions of Antennapedia class homeodomains as a rapid and an efficient method to survey bovine cDNA libraries derived from unfertilised oocytes, single 2‐cell, 4‐cell, 8‐cell, morula, and blastocyst stage embryos for the presence of homeobox sequences. Our results provide, for the first time, evidence for the transcription of Hoxa3 and Hoxd1 in oocytes; Cdx1 and Cdx2 in the 2‐cell; Cdx1, Hoxa1, Hoxd1, and Hoxd4 in the 4‐cell; Cdx1, Hoxa1, and Hoxc9 in the 8‐cell; Cdx2, Hoxb9, and Hoxc9 in the morula; Cdx2, Hoxb7, Hoxb9, and Hoxc9 in blastocyst stage cattle embryos. These are candidate genes for the developmental capacity of in vivo and in vitro produced bovine embryos. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 60: 297–301, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.