bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Commercial weight‐loss diets, greenhouse gas emissions and freshwater consumption
Authors: Neff Roni A. , Ramsing Rebecca J. , Kim Brent F. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundWeight‐loss attempts are widespread in the United States, with many using commercial weight‐loss diet plans for guidance and support. Accordingly, dietary suggestions within these plans influence the nation's food‐related environmental footprint.MethodsWe modelled United States (US) per capita greenhouse gas emissions (GHGe) and water footprints associated with seven commercial weight‐loss diets, the US baseline, and selected other dietary patterns. We characterised consumption in commercial weight‐loss diets both via modelling from provided guidelines and based on specific foods in 1‐week meal plans. Cradle‐to‐farmgate GHGe and water footprints were assessed using a previously developed model. GHGe results were compared to the EAT‐Lancet 2050 target. Water footprints were compared to the US baseline.ResultsWeight‐loss diets had GHGe footprints on average 4.4 times the EAT‐Lancet target recommended for planetary health (range: 2.4–8.5 times). Bovine meat was by far the largest contributor of GHGe in most diets that included it. Three commercial diets had water footprints above the US baseline. Low caloric intake in some diets compensated for the relative increases in GHGe‐ and water‐intensive foods.ConclusionsDietary patterns suggested by marketing materials and guidelines from commercial weight‐loss diets can have high GHGe and water footprints, particularly if caloric limits are exceeded. Commercial diet plan guidance can be altered to support planetary and individual health, including describing what dietary patterns can jointly support environmental sustainability and weight loss.
Financial literacy among autistic adults
Authors: Galizzi Monica , Hillier Ashleigh , Schena David 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFinancial literacy is highly correlated to long‐term positive economic outcomes. Research examining the financial literacy of autistic adults is virtually nonexistent which is concerning given the implications of financial decision‐making for quality of life. This study assessed conceptual understanding and financial behaviors of autistic adults compared with a matched group of nonautistic adults. An online questionnaire assessed income, use of financial tools, feelings toward finances, use of financial literacy programs, financial knowledge, and preference for receiving financial education. The findings indicated that autistic adults showed lower financial literacy and greater uncertainty around many financial issues. They were less confident in their financial knowledge and ability to deal with daily financial matters. The autistic group showed less liking for some specific learning tools for receiving financial education. Our findings inform efforts to design specific curricula to improve the financial knowledge and understanding of autistic and other neurodiverse populations.
Attachment style and attention bias to emotional information: The moderating effect of stress, stimulus characteristics, and attention stage
Authors: Peng Xinyuan , Gillath Omri , Jiang Mengjie , Wang Beiyi , Zhang Jianxin , Wu Lili 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveWe examined whether insecurely attached individuals exhibit an attention bias to emotional information, and further tested the potential moderating role of stress, information valence, information attachment relevance, and attention stage.BackgroundAttachment style can predict people's attention to emotional information. However, the empirical findings are inconsistent, making it difficult to determine the associations between attachment style and attention bias to emotional information.MethodWe included 68 studies (N = 5417) across 46 published and unpublished articles (the initial pool was 627 articles) in the meta‐analysis.ResultsPeople high on attachment avoidance exhibited decreased attention toward emotional stimuli (d = −0.129, p = 0.020), which was not affected by stress, information valence, information attachment relevance, or attention stage. Conversely, people high on attachment anxiety exhibited increased attention toward emotional stimuli, especially under stress, if the information was attachment‐related, and during late‐stage attentional processing. They exhibited an early bias away from and a late bias toward emotional information, which was intensified under stress.ConclusionOur findings support the proposition that people high on attachment avoidance use deactivating strategies in attentional processing; whereas people high on attachment anxiety use hyperactivating strategies, especially when resources are limited (under stress). When resources are available, and it is relatively early in the process, people high on attachment anxiety respond similarly to those high on attachment avoidance.
Rumen‐protected l‐carnitine supplementation during mating period altered metabolic status and reproductive performance of ewes
Authors: Masoomi Maziar , Kheirandish Parisa , Javadmanesh Ali , Danesh Mesgaran Sadjad , Izadi Hooman , Danesh Mesgaran Mohsen 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCurrent study hypothesized that dietary l‐carnitine (LC) inclusion during the mating period ameliorates both metabolic status and reproductive performance of ewes. Seventy Baluchi ewes (52 ± 4.2 kg of bodyweight and 18 ± 6 months old of age) were enrolled in this study. Animals were randomly allocated into two dietary treatments, control (only basal diet) or basal diet plus supplementation with a rumen‐protected LC (Carneon 20 Rumin‐pro; 20% LC; Kaesler Nutrition GmbH) at the rate of 10 g/head/day from 21 days before until 35 days after introducing rams to the ewes (MP). Feed intake was monitored by subtracting the ort from feed offered. Blood sample collection was conducted on Days −10, +10 and +20 relative to MP. Pregnancy was confirmed on Day 30 post‐MP. Feed intake of the ewes in the LC group was higher than the control (p < 0.05). LC supplementation increased the cholesterol concentration in the ewes (p < 0.05). Blood urea concentration of animals in the LC group was significantly lower than the control (p < 0.05). The mRNA expression of toll‐like receptor 4 was evidently lower in animals supplemented with LC than the control (p < 0.05). Both lambing and fecundity rates in the LC group tended to be higher compared with the control. LC supplementation showed potential to alter certain metabolites in the ewes. A tendency for higher lambing rate may partly be driven by dams efficient energy partitioning to support foetal growth and maintaining pregnancy.
Healthy lifestyle is associated with reduced cardiovascular disease, depression and mortality in people at elevated risk of sleep apnea
Authors: Melaku Yohannes Adama , Appleton Sarah , Reynolds Amy C. , Milne Roger L. , Lynch Brigid M. , Eckert Danny J. , Adams Robert 
Published: October 2023

SummaryWe assessed: (1) the independent and joint association of obstructive sleep apnea risk and healthy lifestyle with common consequences (excessive daytime sleepiness, depression, cardiovascular disease and stroke) of obstructive sleep apnea; and (2) the effect of healthy lifestyle on survival in people with increased obstructive sleep apnea risk. Data from 13,694 adults (median age 46 years; 50% men) were used for cross‐sectional and survival analyses (mortality over 15 years). A healthy lifestyle score with values from 0 (most unhealthy) to 5 (most healthy) was determined based on diet, alcohol intake, physical activity, smoking and body mass index. In the cross‐sectional analysis, obstructive sleep apnea risk was positively associated with all chronic conditions and excessive daytime sleepiness in a dose–response manner (p for trend < 0.001). The healthy lifestyle was inversely associated with all chronic conditions (p for trend < 0.001) but not with excessive daytime sleepiness (p for trend = 0.379). Higher healthy lifestyle score was also associated with reduced odds of depression and cardiovascular disease. We found an inverse relationship between healthy lifestyle score with depression (p for trend < 0.001), cardiovascular disease (p for trend = 0.003) and stroke (p for trend = 0.025) among those who had high obstructive sleep apnea risk. In the survival analysis, we found an inverse association between healthy lifestyle and all‐cause mortality for all categories of obstructive sleep apnea risk (moderate/high‐ and high‐risk groups [p for trend < 0.001]). This study emphasises the crucial role of a healthy lifestyle in mitigating the effects of obstructive sleep apnea risk in individuals with an elevated obstructive sleep apnea risk.
Deciphering the mechanism of anti‐quorum sensing post‐biotic mediators against Streptococcus mutans
Authors: Pallavi Preeti , Kumar Vikas , Sen Sudip Kumar , Raut Sangeeta 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveGlucosyltransferases (Gtfs) and quorum sensing (QS) mediated transduction genes play critical roles in the pathogenesis of Streptococcus mutan‐mediated dental caries. Therefore, targeting gtfs and QS‐mediated virulence genes have therefore emerged as an intriguing goal for efficient therapeutic approaches that block cariogenic biofilms.MethodsPost‐biotic mediators (PMs) obtained from our previously isolated and characterized beneficial bacteria Enterobacter colacae PS‐74 was assessed for its antibiofilm potential against S. mutans. According to the transcriptome method, qRT‐PCR analysis was performed against virulence genes. For microscopic visualization, SEM and CLSM analyses were used to confirm the inhibitory effects of PMs.ResultsPMs dramatically reduced the expression of QS signal transduction, glucan metabolism, and biofilm‐regulated genes such gtfB, gtfC, ComDE, VicR, brpA in S. mutans, which validates the outcomes of in vitro result. Their unique metabolites may help to control biofilm formation by eluding antimicrobial resistance.ConclusionConsidering the above findings, PMs may deem to be an innovative, alluring, and secure method for preventing dental caries due to their biological activity. Our study unravels the inhibitory effect of PMs, which will contribute to instruct drug design strategies for effective inhibition of S. mutans biofilms.
The first two chromosome‐scale genome assemblies of American hazelnut enable comparative genomic analysis of the genus Corylus
Authors: Brainard Scott H. , Sanders Dean M. , Bruna Tomas , Shu Shengqiang , Dawson Julie C. 
Published: October 2023

SummaryThe native, perennial shrub American hazelnut (Corylus americana) is cultivated in the Midwestern United States for its significant ecological benefits, as well as its high‐value nut crop. Implementation of modern breeding methods and quantitative genetic analyses of C. americana requires high‐quality reference genomes, a resource that is currently lacking. We therefore developed the first chromosome‐scale assemblies for this species using the accessions ‘Rush’ and ‘Winkler’. Genomes were assembled using HiFi PacBio reads and Arima Hi‐C data, and Oxford Nanopore reads and a high‐density genetic map were used to perform error correction. N50 scores are 31.9 Mb and 35.3 Mb, with 90.2% and 97.1% of the total genome assembled into the 11 pseudomolecules, for ‘Rush’ and ‘Winkler’, respectively. Gene prediction was performed using custom RNAseq libraries and protein homology data. ‘Rush’ has a BUSCO score of 99.0 for its assembly and 99.0 for its annotation, while ‘Winkler’ had corresponding scores of 96.9 and 96.5, indicating high‐quality assemblies. These two independent assemblies enable unbiased assessment of structural variation within C. americana, as well as patterns of syntenic relationships across the Corylus genus. Furthermore, we identified high‐density SNP marker sets from genotyping‐by‐sequencing data using 1343 C. americana, C. avellana and C. americana × C. avellana hybrids, in order to assess population structure in natural and breeding populations. Finally, the transcriptomes of these assemblies, as well as several other recently published Corylus genomes, were utilized to perform phylogenetic analysis of sporophytic self‐incompatibility (SSI) in hazelnut, providing evidence of unique molecular pathways governing self‐incompatibility in Corylus.
Appearance‐based rejection sensitivity mediates the relationship between Instagram addiction and dysmorphic concerns in young adult women
Authors: Pitiruţ Ioana Bianca , Swami Viren , Poamă‐Neagră Tania , Enea Violeta 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionDysmorphic concerns refer to excessive preoccupations with one's physical characteristics. There is a need to better understand the factors associated with these experiences, especially in young adult women. Given emergent research suggesting a link between the use of Instagram, dysmorphic concerns, and appearance pressures, we tested a mediation model in which appearance‐based rejection sensitivity mediated the relationship between Instagram addiction and dysmorphic concerns.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, 300 young adult women from Romania with mean age of 22.19 years (SD = 2.07) and who possessed an Instagram account were asked to complete an online survey consisting of measures of dysmorphic concerns, Instagram addiction, and appearance‐based rejection sensitivity.ResultsCorrelational analyses revealed that all three variables were positively and moderately inter‐correlated. Mediation analysis supported the hypothesis that appearance‐based rejection sensitivity mediates the relationship between Instagram addiction and dysmorphic concerns.ConclusionsImplications of this study are discussed in terms of the urgency of prevention and intervention strategies, especially given the link between dysmorphic concerns and more extreme manifestations of severity, such as body dysmorphic disorder.
Middle school students' development of an understanding of the concept of function using an applet with no algebraic representations
Authors: Meagher Michael S. , Lovett Jennifer N. , McCulloch Allison W. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMiddle school students (n = 144) worked with an applet specially designed to introduce the concept of function without using algebraic representations. The purpose of the study was to examine whether the applet would help students understand function as a relationship between a set of inputs and a set of outputs and to begin to develop a definition of function based on that relationship. Results indicate that, by focusing on consistency of the outputs, the students, at a rate of approximately 80%, are able to distinguish functions from nonfunctions. Also, students showed some promise in recognizing constant functions as functions, a known area of common misconceptions. Students' main conceptual difficulty, likely caused by the context, was accepting nonintuitive outputs even if those outputs were consistent.
Reason monolithism: A Darwinian dilemma for “relaxed” realism
Authors: Mähringer Gloria 
Published: October 2023

AbstractStreet formulated a Darwinian Dilemma for realist theories of value. Much criticism of her formulation of the dilemma targets the second horn, posed by the scientifically implausible assumption of a tracking relation between our attitudes and evaluative truth. This paper shows how a recent wave of metaethical realism, most prominently defended by Scanlon, succeeds without a tracking relation and thus avoids the Darwinian Dilemma in Street's formulation. However, Scanlon's approach, which builds on the concept of a reason relation and defends a metaphysically pluralist, domain‐specific conception of truth, runs into another version of the Darwinian Dilemma. The problem is not that Scanlon's realism assumes a tracking relation but that it assumes what I call reason monolithism – the idea that there is one possible expression of the faculty of reason and that this cognitive faculty could not be otherwise, which is scientifically implausible on similar grounds.
In vitro and in vivo immune assessments of genetically‐engineered pig skin grafts in New World (squirrel) monkeys
Authors: Hara Hidetaka , Foote Jeremy B. , Hansen‐Estruch Christophe , Bikhet Mohamed H. , Nguyen Huy Q. , Javed Mariyam , Oscherwitz Max , Collins Dalis E. , Ayares David , Yamamoto Takayuki , King Timothy W. , Cooper David K. C. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHalf a million patients in the USA alone require treatment for burns annually. Following an extensive burn, it may not be possible to provide sufficient autografts in a single setting. Genetic manipulations (GM) of pigs offer the possibility of reducing primate humoral and cellular rejection of pig skin xenografts and thus extending graft survival. We compared the survival of skin grafts from pigs with 9‐GM with that of autografts and allografts in squirrel monkeys. Monitoring for rejection was by (1) macroscopic examination, (2) histopathological examination of skin biopsies, and (3) measurement of anti‐monkey and anti‐pig IgM and IgG antibodies. Autografts (n = 5) survived throughout the 28 days of follow‐up without histopathological features of rejection. Median survival of allografts (n = 6) was 14 days and of pig xenografts (n = 12) 21 days. Allotransplantation was associated with an increase in anti‐monkey IgM, but the anticipated subsequent rise in IgG had not yet occurred at the time of euthanasia. Pig grafts were associated with increases in anti‐pig IgM and IgG. In all cases, histopathologic features of rejection were similar. 9‐GM pig skin xenografts survive at least as long as monkey skin allografts (and trended to survive longer), suggesting that they are a realistic clinical option for the temporary treatment of burns. Although monkeys with pig skin grafts developed anti‐pig IgM and IgG antibodies, these did not cross‐react with monkey antigens, indicating that a primary 9‐GM pig skin graft would not be detrimental to a subsequent monkey skin allograft.
Aeroacoustic Effects on the Forcing of Fan and Compressor Blades Due to Distortion
Authors: Mårtensson Hans , Billson Mattias 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
A distorted air stream entering an aeroengine fan or compressor leads to harmonic forces on the rotating blades. These aerodynamically induced forces are well-known causes of blade vibration and associated fatigue problems. Significant levels of distortion arise from different sources like side wind and high angles of attack that occur at specific operating conditions. For aircraft with the engine closely integrated with the fuselage, the engine will be exposed to distortion during the entire flight cycle. With a focus on understanding the aeroacoustic interaction the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analyses used here consider harmonics of the distortion. Harmonic responses are calculated from low to transonic speeds for a range of cases. Major phenomena and driving parameters affecting the forcing strength and pressure amplitudes in the blade passage are identified from the analyses. It is demonstrated that the forcing strength is strongly affected by the cut-on/cutoff conditions upstream and downstream of the blades. Also, depending on design parameters of the blade, the aeroacoustics of the blade passage is important for the resulting forcing. All analyses are made in two-dimensional over a wide range of flow conditions as well as geometric variations. The results of the study provide an increased understanding of the harmonic forcing of blades. A simple model is proposed that can identify conditions where increased pressure amplitudes in the blade passage may be expected. The sensitivities to parameters may also give some guidance in how design and operation can be adapted to reduce the aerodynamic forcing.
Application of Level 3 Probabilistic Safety Analysis in UK HPR1000
Authors: Wang Jinkai , Wang Qi 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
A Level 3 probabilistic safety assessment (L3 PSA) is required in United Kingdom (UK) generic design assessment (GDA) to demonstrate that a new nuclear power plant is suitable to be built in UK. L3 PSA is used to assess the individual and societal risk and compare the results against the offsite radiation protection targets (RPTs) for fault and accident conditions. Its results can be used for risk evaluation and environmental impact assessment and provide useful information for alternative design features, rulemaking, and regulatory procedures. It takes into account atmospheric dispersion, demography, dosimetry, pathways to man, and plant/site characteristics. The radioactive source terms and their frequencies often are passed on from Level 1/2 PSA analyses. The framework for demonstrating the acceptability of the new plant design at GDA is presented for the assessments against RPTs 7, 8, and 9. There is little relevant good practice and mature standard for L3 PSAs that have recently been implemented worldwide. In this study, a pilot L3 PSA is performed for UK Hua-long Pressurized Water Reactor (UK HPR1000) to reflect the UK context and relevant good practices. It introduces the methodology and the processes to be followed to perform conditional consequence calculations for the faults and accident scenarios. All radiation sources are considered and analyzed. The radiological risks to a potential UK site are analyzed and compared against RPTs. A widely used code - PC COSYMA, is selected as a primary tool for the accident consequence calculations. The strengths and limitations of the code are identified based on the project situation, and either qualitative arguments or supplementary analyses are subsequently proposed to overcome the limitations. The final L3 PSA results are derived to support the demonstration that the offsite radiological risks for UK HPR1000 have been achieved as low as reasonably practicable (ALARP) and have met the UK regulatory expectation.
Analysis and Modeling of a SiC Based Buck Converter and Its Effects in an Electric Vehicle Application
Authors: Gupta Utsav , Vass-Varnai Andras , Wong Voon Hon , Fayed Ayman 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Power electronic components are found in all areas of an electric vehicle, from power train to motors and from battery to ancillary loads and these converters are manufactured in Silicon (Si). However, there are many other applications where the design requirements on power converters are too stringent to be met using conventional Silicon-based solutions. This includes applications in electric vehicles, defense and aerospace, subterranean exploration, and geothermal energy. For power converters in such applications, SiC offers many advantages over Si. While doing the electrical design of a power converter, the thermal aspects are usually neglected causing a vast difference in the simulation and real-life application. This paper aims to show how taking thermal characteristics into account for a power converter is beneficial and how it influences the results. This is done with two different SiC device models to replicate the results and to demonstrate the conclusiveness of the analysis. First, the electrical design of a buck converter is presented and then the thermal aspects of a design are explained in detail. Finally, both aspects are combined, and detailed simulations are shown in multiple different cases which provide a significant difference in the results validating the hypothesis.