bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Home injuries and built form – methodological issues and developments in database linkage
Authors: Newcombe Robert G , Lyons Ronan A , Jones Sarah J , Patterson Joanne 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
Background
The aim of this body of research is to determine whether injuries in the home are more common in particular types of housing. Previous home injuries research has tended to focus on behaviours or the provision of safety equipment to families with young children. There has been little consideration of the physical environment. This study reports methodological developments in database linkage and analysis to improve researchers abilities to utilise large administrative and clinical databases to carry out health and health services research.

Methods
The study involved linking a database of home injuries obtained from an emergency department surveillance system with an external survey of all homes in an area and population denominators for home types derived from a health service administrative database. Analysis of injury incidence by housing type was adjusted for potential biases due to deprivation and distance to hospital. For non-injured individuals data confidentiality considerations required the deprivation and distance measures be imputed. The process of randomly imputing these variables and the testing of the validity of this approach is detailed.

Results
There were 14,081 first injuries in 112,248 residents living in 54,081 homes over a two-year period. The imputation method worked well with imputed and observed measures in the injured group being very similar. Re-randomisation and a repeated analysis gave identical results to the first analysis. One particular housing type had a substantially elevated odds ratio for injury occurrence, OR = 2.07 (95% CI: 1.87 to 2.30).

Conclusions
The method of data linkage, imputation and statistical analysis used provides a basis for improved analysis of database linkage studies.
Simplicity within complexity: Seasonality and predictability of hospital admissions in the province of Ontario 1988–2001, a population-based analysis
Authors: Upshur Ross EG , Moineddin Rahim , Crighton Eric , Kiefer Lori , Mamdani Muhammad 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
Background
Seasonality is a common feature of communicable diseases. Less well understood is whether seasonal patterns occur for non-communicable diseases. The overall effect of seasonal fluctuations on hospital admissions has not been systematically evaluated.

Methods
This study employed time series methods on a population based retrospective cohort of for the fifty two most common causes of hospital admissions in the province of Ontario from 1988–2001. Seasonal patterns were assessed by spectral analysis and autoregressive methods. Predictive models were fit with regression techniques.

Results
The results show that 33 of the 52 most common admission diagnoses are moderately or strongly seasonal in occurrence; 96.5% of the predicted values were within the 95% confidence interval, with 37 series having all values within the 95% confidence interval.

Conclusion
The study shows that hospital admissions have systematic patterns that can be understood and predicted with reasonable accuracy. These findings have implications for understanding disease etiology and health care policy and planning.
Urinary Lipid Profiling for the Identification of Fabry Hemizygotes and Heterozygotes
Authors: Fuller Maria , Sharp Peter C , Rozaklis Tina , Whitfield Phillip D , Blacklock David , Hopwood John J , Meikle Peter J 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
Background: Fabry disease is an X-linked lysosomal storage disorder resulting from a deficiency of the lysosomal hydrolase, α-galactosidase, for which enzyme replacement therapy is now available. In this study, we aimed to identify Fabry heterozygotes not only for genetic counseling of families but because it is becoming increasingly obvious that many heterozygous (carrier) females are symptomatic and should be considered for treatment.
Methods: We measured 29 individual lipid species, including ceramide, glucosylceramide, lactosylceramide, and ceramide trihexoside, in urine samples from Fabry hemizygotes and heterozygotes and from control individuals by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Individual analyte species and analyte ratios were analyzed for their ability to differentiate the control and patient groups.
Results: The Fabry hemizygotes had increased concentrations of the substrate for the deficient enzyme, ceramide trihexoside, as well as lactosylceramide and ceramide, along with decreased concentrations of both glucosylceramide and sphingomyelin. Ratios of these analytes improved differentiation between the control and Fabry groups, with the Fabry heterozygotes generally falling between the Fabry hemizygotes and the control group.
Conclusions: These lipid profiles hold particular promise for the identification of Fabry individuals, may aid in the prediction of phenotype, and are potentially useful for the monitoring of therapy in patients receiving enzyme replacement.
The Influence of Ultraviolet‐B Radiation on Growth, Hydroxycinnamic Acids and Flavonoids ofDeschampsia antarcticaduring Springtime Ozone Depletion in Antarctica¶†
Authors: Ruhland Christopher T. , Xiong Fusheng S. , Clark W. Dennis , Day Thomas A. 
Published: February 2005

ABSTRACTWe examined the influence of solar ultraviolet‐B radiation (UV‐B; 280–320 nm) on the growth, biomass production and phenylpropanoid concentrations ofDeschampsia antarcticaduring the springtime ozone depletion season at Palmer Station, along the Antarctic Peninsula. Treatments involved placing filters on frames over potted plants that reduced levels of biologically effective UV‐B either by 83% (reduced UV‐B) or by 12% (near‐ambient UV‐B) over the 63 day experiment (7 November 1998–8 January 1999) when ozone depletion averaged 17%. Plants growing under near‐ambient UV‐B had 41% and 40% lower relative growth rates and net assimilation rates, respectively, than those under reduced UV‐B. The former plants produced 50% less total biomass as a result of having 47% less aboveground biomass. The reduction in aboveground biomass was a result of a 29% lower leaf elongation rate resulting in shorter leaves and 59% less total leaf area in plants grown under reduced UV‐B.p‐Coumaric, caffeic and ferulic acids were the major hydroxycinnamic acids, and luteolin derivatives were the major flavonoids in both insoluble and soluble leaf extracts. Concentrations of insolublep‐coumaric and caffeic acid and soluble ferulic acids were 38%, 48% and 60% higher, respectively, under near‐ambient UV‐B than under reduced UV‐B. There were no UV‐B effects on concentrations of insoluble or soluble flavonoids.
Reconstructing the population history of Puerto Rico by means of mtDNA phylogeographic analysis
Authors: Martínez‐Cruzado Juan C. , Toro‐Labrador Gladys , Viera‐Vera Jorge , Rivera‐Vega Michelle Y. , Startek Jennifer , Latorre‐Esteves Magda , Román‐Colón Alicia , Rivera‐Torres Rebecca , Navarro‐Millán Iris Y. , Gómez‐Sánchez Enid , Caro‐González Héctor Y. , Valencia‐Rivera Patricia 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe haplogroup identities of 800 mtDNAs randomly and systematically selected to be representative of the population of Puerto Rico were determined by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), revealing maternal ancestries in this highly mixed population of 61.3% Amerindian, 27.2% sub‐Saharan African, and 11.5% West Eurasian. West Eurasian frequencies were low in all 28 municipalities sampled, and displayed no geographic patterns. Thus, a statistically significant negative correlation was observed between the Amerindian and African frequencies of the municipalities. In addition, a statistically highly significant geographic pattern was observed for Amerindian and African mtDNAs. In a scenario in which Amerindian mtDNAs prevailed on either side of longitude 66°16′ West, Amerindian mtDNAs were more frequent west of longitude 66°16′ West than east of it, and the opposite was true for African mtDNAs. Haplogroup A had the highest frequency among Amerindian samples (52.4%), suggesting its predominance among the native Taínos. Principal component analysis showed that the sub‐Saharan African fraction had a strong affinity to West Africans. In addition, the magnitudes of the Senegambian and Gulf of Guinea components in Puerto Rico were between those of Cape Verde and São Tomé. Furthermore, the West Eurasian component did not conform to European haplogroup frequencies. HVR‐I sequences of haplogroup U samples revealed a strong North African influence among West Eurasian mtDNAs and a new sub‐Saharan African clade. Am J Phys Anthropol 128:131‐155, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genetic origin of lupus in NZB/SWR hybrids: Lessons from an intercross study
Authors: Xie Shangkui , Li Li , Chang SoogHee , Sharma Ruchi , Kaliyaperumal Arunan , Datta Syamal K. , Mohan Chandra 
Published: February 2005

AbstractObjective(SWR × NZB)F1 (or SNF1) hybrid mice succumb to lupus nephritis. A previous analysis of SNF1 × NZB backcross mice revealed the existence of 4 SWR loci (H2 on chromosome 17, Swrl‐1 on chromosome 1, Swrl‐2 on chromosome 14, and Swrl‐3 on chromosome 18) and 2 NZB loci (Nba1 and Lbw2/Sbw2, both on chromosome 4). A second study focusing on SNF1 × SWR backcross offspring uncovered 5 suggestive loci for antinuclear antibody formation, consisting of 3 dominant NZB contributions (Nba4 on chromosome 5, Lbw4 on chromosome 6, and Nba5 on chromosome 7) and 2 recessive SWR contributions (Swrl‐1 on chromosome 1 and Swrl‐4 on chromosome 10). The present intercross study was executed to replicate the earlier findings, using an independent panel of (SWR × NZB)F2 offspring.MethodsA panel of (NZB × SWR)F2 hybrids were phenotyped (for renal disease, early mortality, and a variety of autoantibodies) and genotyped (using 95 microsatellite primers positioned across all 19 autosomes and the X chromosome). Linkage analysis was conducted using the derived phenotype and genotype data, with the interval‐mapping program MapManager.ResultsFour suggestive loci were mapped: Swrl‐5 on chromosome 1 (peak at 106 cM), linked to hypergammaglobulinemia; an NZB locus on chromosome 5 (Nba4; peak at 15 cM), linked to IgG anti–single‐stranded DNA (anti‐ssDNA) antibodies, IgG anti–doubled‐stranded DNA (anti‐dsDNA) antibodies, and glomerulonephritis; an NZB locus on chromosome 13 (Nba6; peak at 28 cM), linked to IgG anti‐dsDNA antibodies; and an SWR locus on chromosome 14 (Swrl‐2; peak at 30 cM), linked to IgG anti‐ssDNA antibodies. Eight additional loci revealed linkage at P < 0.01, of which 7 co‐mapped with lupus susceptibility loci previously identified in other models.ConclusionConsidering all 3 mapping studies together, lupus in SWR/NZB hybrids appears to be the epistatic end product of several distinct loci, of which 3 SWR‐derived loci (Swrl‐1, Swrl‐2, and Swrl‐3) and 5 NZB‐derived loci (Nba1, Nba3, Nba4, Nba5, and Lbw4) have been independently confirmed. The immunologic functions and molecular identities of these loci await elucidation.
Novel role of CD40 in Fas‐dependent apoptosis of cultured salivary epithelial cells from patients with Sjögren's syndrome
Authors: Ping Li , Ogawa Noriyoshi , Sugai Susumu 
Published: February 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the role of Fas and CD40 in the molecular mechanism of salivary epithelial cell death in Sjögren's syndrome (SS).MethodsThe expression of Fas and CD40 in SS salivary epithelial cells was analyzed by flow cytometry. Induction of apoptosis with anti‐Fas and/or anti‐CD40 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) was examined by morphologic analysis, DNA fragmentation, and TUNEL assay. Expression of c‐FLIP, Fas‐associated phosphatase 1, FADD, Bcl‐2, Bcl‐xL, and Bcl‐xS was determined by Western blot analysis.ResultsExpression of Fas and CD40 was significantly higher in SS salivary epithelial cells than in normal cells after interferon‐γ (IFNγ) stimulation (P < 0.001 for both Fas and CD40). Although neither anti‐Fas (CH11) nor anti‐CD40 mAb alone could induce typical apoptosis, the two together and preincubation with IFNγ efficiently induced apoptosis in SS salivary epithelial cells. This apoptosis was almost completely blocked by neutralizing anti‐Fas mAb (ZB4), whereas an antagonistic mAb to CD40 (ch5D12) partially inhibited anti‐Fas/anti‐CD40–induced apoptosis. Also, c‐FLIP, an important inhibitory molecule in the Fas death pathway, was strongly expressed in SS salivary epithelial cells, but its expression was down‐regulated at the protein level by anti‐CD40 mAb.ConclusionCD40 signals promote Fas‐dependent death of SS salivary epithelial cells by down‐regulating c‐FLIP expression. The presence of c‐FLIP in these cells may explain their resistance to undergoing apoptosis in response to either anti‐Fas or anti‐CD40 mAb, despite their surface expression of both proteins. These findings suggest that SS salivary epithelial cell death requires the cooperation of both Fas and CD40.
The relationship between body composition and knee cartilage volume in healthy, middle‐aged subjects
Authors: Cicuttini Flavia M. , Teichtahl Andrew J. , Wluka Anita E. , Davis Susan , Strauss Boyd J. G. , Ebeling Peter R. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractObjectiveAlthough obesity is widely accepted as a risk factor for knee osteoarthritis, it is not clear whether individual components of body composition, such as the mass and distribution of muscle and fat, are associated with development of the disease. This study examined the effect of measures of body composition on the longitudinal change in tibial cartilage volume.MethodsBody composition, assessed via dual x‐ray absorptiometry, and tibial cartilage volume, assessed via magnetic resonance imaging, were measured in 86 healthy men and women who were mid‐life in age. Change in tibial cartilage volume was assessed by imaging each knee 2 years after the baseline measurement and determining the difference from baseline in tibial cartilage volume. Correlations were determined between the muscle and fat mass of the arm, leg, and total body and the volume of the lateral‐ and medial‐tibial cartilage, as well as the change in tibial cartilage volume over 2 years, after adjusting for confounders.ResultsThere was a significant association between muscle mass and the medial‐tibial cartilage volume, independent of age, sex, body mass index, tibial bone area, and level of physical activity. Although there was a positive association between muscle mass and the lateral‐tibial cartilage volume, this did not persist after adjustment for confounders. Loss of muscle mass was associated with an increased loss of medial‐ and lateral‐tibial cartilage over 2 years, after adjusting for confounders. No relationship was apparent between fat mass and either medial‐ or lateral‐tibial cartilage volume, or between fat mass and change in either medial‐ or lateral‐tibial cartilage volume over 2 years, after adjusting for confounders.ConclusionMuscle mass is an independent predictor of medial‐tibial cartilage volume in healthy people in mid‐life and is associated with a reduction in the rate of loss of tibial cartilage. This suggests that increased muscle mass may be protective against the onset of osteoarthritis.
Pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor γ agonist, reduces the progression of experimental osteoarthritis in guinea pigs
Authors: Kobayashi Tetsuya , Notoya Kohei , Naito Takako , Unno Satoko , Nakamura Akihiro , Martel‐Pelletier Johanne , Pelletier Jean‐Pierre 
Published: February 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the in vivo therapeutic effect of pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor γ (PPARγ) agonist, on the development of lesions in a guinea pig model of osteoarthritis (OA), and to determine the influence of pioglitazone on the synthesis of matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP‐13) and interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) in articular cartilage.MethodsThe OA model was created by partial medial meniscectomy of the right knee joint. The guinea pigs were divided into 4 treatment groups: unoperated animals that received no treatment (normal), operated animals (OA guinea pigs) that received placebo, OA guinea pigs that received oral pioglitazone at 2 mg/kg/day, and OA guinea pigs that received oral pioglitazone at 20 mg/kg/day. The animals began receiving medication 1 day after surgery and were killed 4 weeks later. Macroscopic and histologic analyses were performed on the cartilage. The levels of MMP‐13 and IL‐1β in OA cartilage chondrocytes were evaluated by immunohistochemistry.ResultsOA guinea pigs treated with the highest dosages of pioglitazone showed a significant decrease, compared with the OA placebo group, in the surface area (size) and grade (depth) of cartilage macroscopic lesions on the tibial plateaus. The histologic severity of cartilage lesions was also reduced. A significantly higher percentage of chondrocytes in the middle and deep layers stained positive for MMP‐13 and IL‐1β in cartilage from placebo‐treated OA guinea pigs compared with normal controls. Guinea pigs treated with the highest dosage of pioglitazone demonstrated a significant reduction in the levels of both MMP‐13 and IL‐1β in OA cartilage.ConclusionThis is the first in vivo study demonstrating that a PPARγ agonist, pioglitazone, could reduce the severity of experimental OA. This effect was associated with a reduction in the levels of MMP‐13 and IL‐1β, which are known to play an important role in the pathophysiology of OA lesions.
Efficacy of repeated intravenous infusions of an anti–tumor necrosis factor α monoclonal antibody, infliximab, in persistently active, refractory juvenile idiopathic arthritis: Results of an open‐label prospective study
Authors: Gerloni Valeria , Pontikaki Irene , Gattinara Maurizio , Desiati Francesca , Lupi Elide , Lurati Alfredomaria , Salmaso Alessandra , Fantini Flavio 
Published: February 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of a chimeric monoclonal anti–tumor necrosis factor α antibody (infliximab) with methotrexate (MTX) in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) with an active polyarticular course that is not responsive to MTX.MethodsTwenty‐four young adults with long‐lasting, refractory JIA were enrolled in an open, prospective, 2‐year pilot study. Patients received intravenous infliximab at 3 mg/kg of body weight at weeks 0, 2, and 6 and every 8 weeks thereafter, with weekly subcutaneous MTX.ResultsThe median duration of therapy was 9.1 months. Significant improvements were observed in the number of joints (28‐joint count) with active disease (median 6 at baseline, 2 at 2 weeks, 0 at 6 months, 0 at 1 year; P < 0.05). Pain as well as patient's and physician's global assessments of disease status were assessed on 0–100‐mm (0 = best; 100 = worst) visual analog scales (VAS). There were significant improvements in VAS pain scores (45 at baseline, 25 at 2 weeks, 8.5 at 6 months, 10 at 1 year; P < 0.05), patient's global assessment of disease status (50 at baseline, 22 at 2 weeks, 11.5 at 6 months, 18 at 1 year; P < 0.05), and physician's global assessment of disease status (50.5 at baseline, 22.5 at 2 weeks, 6.5 at 6 months, 10 at 1 year; P < 0.01). In addition, there were significant improvements in the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (64 mm/hour at baseline, 36 mm/hour at 2 weeks, 23.5 mm/hour at 6 months, 35 mm/hour at 1 year; P < 0.01) and C‐reactive protein level (4.9 mg/dl at baseline, 2.8 mg/dl at 2 weeks, 3.1 mg/dl at 6 months, 3.2 mg/dl at 1 year; P < 0.005). The percentage of patients meeting the American College of Rheumatology 20% improvement criteria at each assessment ranged from 54.2% to 86.7%. Of the responses on the Disease Activity Score in 28 joints, 37.5–63.6% were classified as “good,” 14.3–33.3% were classified as “moderate,” and 18–37.5% were classified as “no response.” Twelve patients (50%) had adverse events, and 5 patients (20.8%) withdrew.ConclusionInfliximab plus MTX showed high effectiveness and safety in short‐ and medium‐term treatment of long‐lasting refractory JIA. A controlled multicenter clinical trial is needed.
Use of local electroporation enhances methotrexate effects with minimum dose in adjuvant‐induced arthritis
Authors: Tada Masahiro , Inui Kentaro , Koike Tatsuya , Takaoka Kunio 
Published: February 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the effects of electrical pulses on the ability of methotrexate (MTX) to attenuate inflammation and subsequent joint destruction in rats with adjuvant‐induced arthritis (AIA).MethodsRats in the experimental group received an intraperitoneal injection of MTX (0.125 mg/kg body weight), followed 30 minutes later by application of direct electrical pulses (50V, 8 Hz) to their left hind paws with an electroporation apparatus (M+/E+ group; n = 8). The procedure was repeated twice weekly for 3 weeks. Three control groups received the following treatments, respectively: MTX without electrical treatment (M+/E− group; n = 9), electrical treatment but no MTX (M−/E+ group; n = 10), or no electrical treatment and no MTX (M−/E− group; n = 9). Progression of AIA was monitored by joint swelling and radiologic and histologic changes in the ankle joint.ResultsThree weeks after injection of the adjuvant, and at the height of the arthritic reaction, the swelling and radiologic and histologic changes in the left hind paws in the M+/E+ rats were significantly reduced, as compared with changes observed in the control groups.ConclusionThese results demonstrate that application of electrical pulses in combination with use of systemic low‐dose MTX can ameliorate local arthritic reactions. This response probably occurs because electrical stimulation promotes transient passage of MTX through pores in the cell membranes, with a resultant local increase in the concentration of the drug within the cells. These results point to a potential use of electrochemotherapy to increase the efficacy of MTX or other drugs in an arthritic joint that is refractory to treatment, without increasing the dose of the drug.