bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Binder‐Free LiMn2O4 Nanosheets on Carbon Cloth for Selective Lithium Extraction from Brine via Capacitive Deionization
Authors: Ma Guangqiang , Xu Yingsheng , Cai Anjiang , Mao Hengjian , Zhang Xinyuan , Shin Dong‐Myeong , Wang Lei , Zhou Hongjian 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this study, a three‐step strategy including electrochemical cathode deposition, self‐oxidation, and hydrothermal reaction is applied to prepare the LiMn2O4 nanosheets on carbon cloth (LMOns@CC) as a binder‐free cathode in a hybrid capacitive deionization (CDI) cell for selectively extracting lithium from salt‐lake brine. The binder‐free LMOns@CC electrodes are constructed from dozens of 2D LiMn2O4 nanosheets on carbon cloth substrates, resulting in a uniform 2D array of highly ordered nanosheets with hierarchical nanostructure. The charge/discharge process of the LMOns@CC electrode demonstrates that visible redox peaks and high pseudocapacitive contribution rates endow the LMOns@CC cathode with a maximum Li+ ion electrosorption capacity of 4.71 mmol g−1 at 1.2 V. Moreover, the LMOns@CC electrode performs outstanding cycling stability with a high‐capacity retention rate of 97.4% and a manganese mass dissolution rate of 0.35% over ten absorption–desorption cycles. The density functional theory (DFT) theoretical calculations verify that the Li+ selectivity of the LMOns@CC electrode is attributed to the greater adsorption energy of Li+ ions than other ions. Finally, the selective extraction performance of Li+ ions in natural Tibet salt lake brine reveals that the LMOns@CC has selectivity ( = 7.48) and excellent cycling stability (100 cycles), which would make it a candidate electrode for lithium extraction from salt lakes.
High‐Rate Nonaqueous Mg–CO2 Batteries Enabled by Mo2C‐Nanodot‐Embedded Carbon Nanofibers
Authors: Liu Wenbo , Wang Ning , Wu Yongjun , Zhang Qianyi , Chen Xiaoyan , Li Yanmei , Xu Rui 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe widespread acceptance of nonaqueous rechargeable metal–gas batteries, known for their remarkably high theoretical energy density, faces obstacles such as poor reversibility and low energy efficiency under high charge–discharge current densities. To tackle these challenges, a novel catalytic cathode architecture for Mg–CO2 batteries, fabricated using a one‐pot electrospinning method followed by heat treatment, is presented. The resulting structure features well‐dispersed molybdenum carbide nanodots embedded within interconnected carbon nanofibers, forming a 3D macroporous conducting network. This cathode design enhances the volumetric efficiency, enabling effective discharge product deposition, while also improving electrical properties and boosting catalytic activity. This enhancement results in high discharge capacities and excellent rate capabilities, while simultaneously minimizing voltage hysteresis and maximizing energy efficiency. The battery exhibits a stable cycle life of over 250 h at a current density of 200 mA g−1 with a low initial charge–discharge voltage gap of 0.72 V. Even at incredibly high current densities, reaching 1600 mA g−1, the battery maintains exceptional performance. These findings highlight the crucial role of cathode architecture design in enhancing the performance of Mg–CO2 batteries and hold promise for improving other metal–gas batteries that involve deposition–decomposition reactions.
BiVO4 Photoanodes Enhanced with Metal Phosphide Co‐Catalysts: Relevant Properties to Boost Photoanode Performance
Authors: Cui Junyi , Daboczi Matyas , Cui Zhenyu , Gong Mengjun , Flitcroft Joseph , Skelton Jonathan , Parker Stephen C. , Eslava Salvador 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAchieving highly performant photoanodes for oxygen evolution is key to developing photoelectrochemical devices for solar water splitting. In this work, BiVO4 photoanodes are enhanced with a series of core–shell structured bimetallic nickel‐cobalt phosphides (MPs), and key insights into the role of co‐catalysts are provided. The best BiVO4/Ni1.5Co0.5P and BiVO4/Ni0.5Co1.5P photoanodes achieve a 3.5‐fold increase in photocurrent compared with bare BiVO4. It is discovered that this enhanced performance arises from a synergy between work function, catalytic activity, and capacitive ability of the MPs. Distribution of relaxation times analysis reveals that the contact between the MPs, BiVO4, and the electrolyte gives rise to three routes for hole injection into the electrolyte, all of which are significantly improved by the presence of a second metal cation in the co‐catalyst. Kinetic studies demonstrate that the significantly improved interfacial charge injection is due to a lower charge‐transfer resistance, enhanced oxygen‐evolution reaction kinetics, and larger surface hole concentrations, providing deeper insights into the carrier dynamics in these photoanode/co‐catalyst systems for their rational design.
Dual siRNA‐Loaded Cell Membrane Functionalized Matrix Facilitates Bone Regeneration with Angiogenesis and Neurogenesis
Authors: Qiao Fangyu , Zou Yang , Bie Binglin , Lv Yonggang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractVascularization and innervation play irreplaceable roles in bone regeneration and bone defect repair. However, the reconstruction of blood vessels and neural networks is often neglected in material design. This study aims to design a genetically functionalized matrix (GFM) and enable it to regulate angiogenesis and neurogenesis to accelerate the process of bone defect repair. The dual small interfering RNA (siRNA)‐polyvinylimide (PEI) (siRP) complexes that locally knocked down soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (sFlt‐1) and p75 neurotrophic factor receptor (p75NTR) are prepared. The hybrid cell membrane (MM) loaded siRP is synthesized as siRNA@MMs to coat on polylactone (PCL) electrospun fibers for mimicking the natural bone matrix. The results indicates that siRNA@MMs could regulate the expression of vascular‐related and neuro‐related cytokines secreted by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). GFMs promote the expression of osteogenic differentiation through paracrine function in vitro. GFMs attenuates inflammation and promotes osseointegration by regulating the coupling of vascularization and innervation in vivo. This study uses the natural hybrid cell membrane to carry genetic material and assist in the vascularization and innervation function of two siRNA. The results present the significance of neuro‐vascularized organoid bone and may provide a promising choice for the design of bone tissue engineering scaffold.
Cathode Interface Construction by Rapid Sintering in Solid‐State Batteries
Authors: Chen Jinhang , Chen Weiyin , Deng Bing , Li Bowen , Kittrell Carter , Tour James M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSolid‐state batteries (SSBs) are poised to replace traditional organic liquid‐electrolyte lithium‐ion batteries due to their higher safety and energy density. Oxide‐based solid electrolytes (SEs) are particularly attractive for their stability in air and inability to ignite during thermal runaway. However, achieving high‐performance in oxide‐based SSBs requires the development of an intimate and robust SE–cathode interface to overcome typically large interfacial resistances. The transition interphase should be both physically and chemically active. This study presents a thin, conductive interphase constructed between lithium aluminum titanium phosphate and lithium cobalt oxide using a rapid sintering method that modifies the interphase within 10 s. The rapid heating and cooling rates restrict side reactions and interdiffusion on the interface. SSBs with thick composite cathodes demonstrate a high initial capacity of ≈120 mAh g−1 over 200 cycles at room temperature. Furthermore, the rapid sintering method can be extended to other cathode systems under similar conditions. These findings highlight the importance of constructing an appropriate SE–cathode interface and provide insight into designing practical SSBs.
Functional adhesive hydrogels for biological interfaces
Authors: Liu Changyi , Peng Kexin , Wu Yilun , Fu Fanfan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHydrogel adhesives are extensively employed in biological interfaces such as epidermal flexible electronics, tissue engineering, and implanted device. The development of functional hydrogel adhesives is a critical, yet challenging task since combining two or more attributes that seem incompatible into one adhesive hydrogel without sacrificing the hydrogel's pristine capabilities. In this Review, we highlight current developments in the fabrication of functional adhesive hydrogels, which are suitable for a variety of application scenarios, particularly those that occur underwater or on tissue/organ surface conditions. The design strategies for a multifunctional adhesive hydrogel with desirable properties including underwater adhesion, self‐healing, good biocompatibility, electrical conductivity, and anti‐swelling are discussed comprehensively. We then discuss the challenges faced by adhesive hydrogels, as well as their potential applications in biological interfaces. Adhesive hydrogels are the star building blocks of bio‐interface materials for individualized healthcare and other bioengineering areas.
Understanding the Role of Zinc Hydroxide Sulfate and its Analogues in Mildly Acidic Aqueous Zinc Batteries: A Review
Authors: Lim Won‐Gwang , Li Xiaolin , Reed David 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMildly acidic aqueous zinc batteries (AZBs) have attracted tremendous attention for grid storage applications with the expectation to tackle the issues of Li‐ion batteries on high cost and poor safety. However, the performance, particularly energy density and cycle stability of AZBs are still unsatisfactory when compared with LIBs. To help the development of AZBs, a lot of effort have been made to understand the battery reaction mechanisms and precedent microscopic and spectroscopic analyses have shown flake‐like large particles of zinc hydroxide sulfate (ZHS) and its analogues formed on the surfaces of cathodes and anodes in sulfate and other electrolyte systems during cycling. However, because of the complexity of the thermodynamics and kinetics of aqueous reactions to understand different battery conditions, controversies still exist. This article will review the roles of ZHS discussed in recent representative references aiming to shine light on the fundamental mechanisms of AZBs and pave ways to further improve the battery performance.
Gaussian process regression and classification using International Classification of Disease codes as covariates
Authors: Srivastava Sanvesh , Xu Zongyi , Li Yunyi , Street W. Nick , Gilbertson‐White Stephanie 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn electronic health records (EHRs) data analysis, nonparametric regression and classification using International Classification of Disease (ICD) codes as covariates remain understudied. Automated methods have been developed over the years for predicting biomedical responses using EHRs, but relatively less attention has been paid to developing patient similarity measures that use ICD codes and chronic conditions, where a chronic condition is defined as a set of ICD codes. We address this problem by first developing a string kernel function for measuring the similarity between a pair of primary chronic conditions, represented as subsets of ICD codes. Second, we extend this similarity measure to a family of covariance functions on subsets of chronic conditions. This family is used in developing Gaussian process (GP) priors for Bayesian nonparametric regression and classification using diagnoses and other demographic information as covariates. Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithms are used for posterior inference and predictions. The proposed methods are tuning free, so they are ideal for automated prediction of biomedical responses depending on chronic conditions. We evaluate the practical performance of our method on EHR data collected from 1660 patients at the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics (UIHC) with six different primary cancer sites. Our method provides better sensitivity and specificity than its competitors in classifying different primary cancer sites and estimates the marginal associations between chronic conditions and primary cancer sites.
A methodology for developing SoS architectures using SysML model federation
Authors: Swickline Chris , Mazzuchi Thomas A , Sarkani Shahram 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAn essential role of systems engineering is to aid in overcoming complexity during development. As system complexity increases, a greater number of organizations are being asked to contribute architecture/design content for systems development. An essential challenge to overcome is how to ensure digital continuity in connecting system models to form systems of systems (SoS) models. Leveraging recent developments in digital engineering (DE) and model‐based systems engineering (MBSE) this paper presents a SysML model federation methodology enabling multiple collaborating organizations to contribute system models and form a descriptive SoS architecture model. Systems engineers applying this methodology are able to reuse constituent system model content to describe the larger SoS behavior and structure while promoting reusability and commonality and are therefore better able to ensure correctness and consistency across development. First, a background through the review of SoS engineering (SoSE) and DE/MBSE literature is provided. Then an MBSE process along with specific methods tailoring the use of SysML within the Cameo Enterprise Architecture tool is presented. This work builds upon a previously published Systems Architecture Model (SAM) development method and is designed to permit style diversity across peer constituent models and ensure that every piece of data has an authoritative source of truth (ASOT) within the federation. This paper then presents the application of this methodology to the Ranger Lunar Rover system by making use of its openly published SysML model. Finally, the benefits and challenges of this methodology are discussed prior to drawing closing conclusions and identifying future areas of research.
Machine vision‐based automated earthquake‐induced drift ratio quantification for reinforced concrete columns
Authors: Hamidia Mohammadjavad , Jamshidian Sara , Afzali Mobinasadat , Safi Mohammad 
Published: October 2023

SummaryThis paper presents a novel method for estimating the seismic peak interstory drift ratio (IDR) in reinforced concrete (RC) columns after an earthquake using surface crack image analysis. The quantitative representation of the complexity and irregularity of crack images in damaged RC columns is obtained through the consideration of the generalized fractal dimensions. The authors have compiled a comprehensive database consisting of 445 crack maps obtained from cyclic experiments conducted on 110 rectangular RC column specimens exhibiting double‐curvature deformation mode. This database is utilized by the authors to develop and validate the proposed procedure. The research database contains a wide range of structural and geometric features. Five closed‐form equations are developed with the objective of estimating the peak IDR experienced by the RC columns during a seismic event. The predictive equations are derived through the utilization of symbolic regression technique, with the input parameters varying according to the availability of columns characteristic parameters. Results reveal that generalized fractal dimensions, especially D−1, are strong vision‐based indicator of damage in RC columns having correlation coefficients with IDR ranging from 0.82 to 0.92 across the considered plans. The seismic peak IDR obtained through the empirical equations can serve as the input engineering demand parameter (EDP) in the seismic loss estimation frameworks. This allows for the determination of the probability of exceeding damage states for structural and nonstructural components of concrete buildings. Finally, the practical implementation of the methodology is examined by its application to an actual case of a damaged column during the Kermanshah earthquake of magnitude 7.3 that occurred in 2017.
Does role play manipulate students? Persuasive effects of role play on students' attitude and behavior regarding a socioscientific issue
Authors: Steube Moritz , Wilde Matthias , Basten Melanie 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSocioscientific issues (SSIs) can provide a context to address societal decision‐making processes in school. In recent years, studies have demonstrated that one effective way to deal with these topics is through role play. However, role plays may induce an unreflected attitude change based on the roles the participants take on, which raises ethical concerns about indoctrination. To explain this change of attitude, we applied the Transportation‐Imagery Model. We asked if transportation into a role play would bring about a change of attitude and behavior. Furthermore, we investigated whether the perspective of the prepared or performed characters affected transportation and the direction of an attitude change. The research was conducted in Germany with a sample of 256 secondary‐school students (Mage = 16.9 years, SDage = 1.5, 68% female). We found that transportation affected neither attitude change nor behavior. There was also no effect of the prepared or performed characters' perspective on transportation or attitude change. This suggests that role play does not constitute a form of manipulation and can be used as a learning method for SSIs without reservation.
Review of frequently used Kampo prescriptions: Part 4, Ninjin'yoeito
Authors: Takayama Shin , Michihara Seiwa , Kimura Yoko , Morinaga Akinori , Miyakawa Kyohei , Tsushima Nobuhiko , Otani Kahori , Jinnai Atsuko , Aso Yuko , Okabayashi Asako , Arita Ryutaro , Nogami Tatsuya , Inui Akio 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe source of ninjin'yoeito (NYT) is considered the ‘Formulary of Bureau of Taiping People's Welfare Pharmacy’, written around 1241–52 AD. NYT is used to treat patients with chronic fatigue, malaise with qi deficiency, and exhaustion of all five parenchymatous viscera with difficulty in recovering.Key FindingsNYT formula consists of 12 crude drugs. NYT extract for medical use is covered by the National Health Insurance system of Japan for convalescence after recovery from diseases, fatigue and malaise, anorexia, perspiration during sleep, cold limbs, and anemia. Studies have shown clinical effects of NYT: treatment of anemia, cancer treatment support, frailty, cognitive dysfunction, apathy, fatigue/malaise, anorexia, and lung diseases. Preclinical studies support clinical studies; activating ghrelin‐neuropeptide Y pathway‐mediated appetite‐enhancing effects, inhibiting muscle volume loss through the Akt/mTOR pathway‐mediated hyperphosphorylation of 4E‐BP1 and FoxO1‐mediated Atrogin‐1, suppressing the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis by downregulating the sympathetic‐adrenal‐medullary axis and GABA neurons for improving sociability, promoting recovery from skeletal muscle atrophy through the activation of PGC‐1α, hematopoiesis‐promoting effects, and increasing the number of immune cells in immunocompromised models. The incidence of adverse events of NYT was reported as 3.09 or 2.03%. The most significant adverse effects of NYT are gastrointestinal disorders.ConclusionRecently, NYT has been widely used to treat several symptoms and conditions under the National Health Insurance System of Japan. Clinical studies showed the efficacy of NYT to treat anemia, frailty, cognitive dysfunction, anorexia, apathy, and fatigue/malaise, as well as for long‐term cancer treatment support. The pharmacological mechanisms supporting its effects are also being reported.
Local energy systems development in India and United Kingdom: A comprehensive review of latest developments and way forward
Authors: Deb Sanchari , Sachan Sulabh , Malik Prashant , Sinha Sunanda 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEnergy systems across the world are becoming localized, decarbonized, and digitalized. This is the era of local energy system integrating heat, power, and transport. Local energy system refers to arrangements that operate locally at a scale less than the traditional centralized model to maximize social, economic, environmental benefits for people or organization in a specific geographical area. Beyond decarbonization, local energy systems are expected to provide a wide range of other benefits such as alleviating fuel poverty, community income generation. The increase in the deployment of local energy systems has been the subject of intensive research and development in recent era. This article aims to review the recent local energy system developments in India and United Kingdom. Specifically, this will focus on local energy system taxonomy, landscape, challenges, pilot projects, policies, energy storage technologies in India and United Kingdom. Further, this work will also discuss how local energy system can be used for electrification of rural India. Thus, this work will put forward the latest developments of local energy system in a developed and developing country. This work will conclude by presenting the way forward for local energy system adoption and development in India and United Kingdom. It is expected that this work will help power and energy system researchers to track down the recent developments and landscape, and lessons of local energy system.This article is categorized under:
Sustainable Energy > Other Renewables
Climate and Environment > Net Zero Planning and Decarbonization
Energy and Power Systems > Energy Infrastructure
Achieving the “zero hunger” goal in Africa: Beyond the direct effects of infrastructure development
Authors: Ketu Isaac 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe relevance of the worldwide commitment to end hunger as stated in Sustainable Development Goal 2.1 makes it crucial to understand the trend of undernourishment and the accompanying determinants that are still underexplored. Using a sample of 41 African countries covering the 2003–2019 period, this paper contributes to the literature by examining the direct and indirect effects of infrastructure development on the prevalence of undernourishment (PoU). Findings from the system generalized method of moments show that infrastructure development (including ICT, water and sanitation, transport, and electricity) significantly reduces the PoU and child stunting. Interestingly, the causal mediation analysis reveals that human capital, governance, and economic growth are the main channels through which infrastructure development reduces hunger in Africa. Among policy implications, the development of reliable infrastructures remains a prerequisite for attaining the “zero hunger” goal in Africa.