bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Earthquake source parameters in Zagros region (Iran) from the time-evolutive P-wave displacement
Authors: Nazeri Sahar , Abdi Fatemeh , Ismail Amir , Rahimi Habib , Zollo Aldo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe rupture process of the recent moderate-to-large earthquakes in the Zagros area along the Iran plateau is investigated by analysing the strong motion data provided by the Iranian Building and Housing Research Centre (BHRC). The selected dataset includes the largest and deadliest 2017 Mw 7.3, Iran-Iraq (Ezgeleh) earthquake. The earthquake source parameters (moment magnitude, rupture duration and length, average slip, and static stress drop) are determined using a time-domain, parametric modelling technique based on the time evolution of the P-wave displacement signals. The earthquake source parameters are calculated from simulated triangular moment-rate functions assuming the circular source models for a constant rupture velocity. The anelastic attenuation effect is modelled through the independent frequency-Q parameter ranging from 50 to 200 and accounted for by a post-processing procedure that retrieves the attenuation-corrected, moment-rate triangular shape. Results show that the average static stress-drop with different $${Q}_{P}$$

Q
P

, varies between <Δσ>  = 0.9 (0.7–1.2) MPa and <Δσ>  = 1.6 (1.2–2.0) MPa. Overall, in this research, the rupture radius/length empirically scales with the seismic moment with a self-similar, near-constant stress drop of about 1 MPa. Assuming a circular rupture model for the Ezgeleh earthquake, we estimate a moment magnitude of 6.9, rupture duration of 7 s, source radius of 16 km, average slip of about 2 m and static stress drop of 3.4 MPa.
Large language models propagate race-based medicine
Authors: Omiye Jesutofunmi A. , Lester Jenna C. , Spichak Simon , Rotemberg Veronica , Daneshjou Roxana 
Published: October 2023

AbstractLarge language models (LLMs) are being integrated into healthcare systems; but these models may recapitulate harmful, race-based medicine. The objective of this study is to assess whether four commercially available large language models (LLMs) propagate harmful, inaccurate, race-based content when responding to eight different scenarios that check for race-based medicine or widespread misconceptions around race. Questions were derived from discussions among four physician experts and prior work on race-based medical misconceptions believed by medical trainees. We assessed four large language models with nine different questions that were interrogated five times each with a total of 45 responses per model. All models had examples of perpetuating race-based medicine in their responses. Models were not always consistent in their responses when asked the same question repeatedly. LLMs are being proposed for use in the healthcare setting, with some models already connecting to electronic health record systems. However, this study shows that based on our findings, these LLMs could potentially cause harm by perpetuating debunked, racist ideas.
Paralog transcriptional differentiation in the D. melanogaster-specific gene family Sdic across populations and spermatogenesis stages
Authors: Clifton Bryan D. , Hariyani Imtiyaz , Kimura Ashlyn , Luo Fangning , Nguyen Alvin , Ranz José M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHow recently originated gene copies become stable genomic components remains uncertain as high sequence similarity of young duplicates precludes their functional characterization. The tandem multigene familySdicis specific toDrosophila melanogasterand has been annotated across multiple reference-quality genome assemblies. Here we show the existence of a positive correlation betweenSdiccopy number and totalexpression, plus vast intrastrain differences in mRNA abundance among paralogs, using RNA-sequencing from testis of four strains with variable paralog composition. Single cell and nucleus RNA-sequencing data expose paralog expression differentiation in meiotic cell types within testis from third instar larva and adults. Additional RNA-sequencing across synthetic strains only differing in theirYchromosomes reveal a tissue-dependenttrans-regulatory effect onSdic: upregulation in testis and downregulation in male accessory gland. By leveraging paralog-specific expression information from tissue- and cell-specific data, our results elucidate the intraspecific functional diversification of a recently expanded tandem gene family.
Bioavailability and provitamin A activity of neurosporaxanthin in mice
Authors: Miller Anthony P. , Hornero-Méndez Dámaso , Bandara Sepalika , Parra-Rivero Obdulia , Limón M. Carmen , von Lintig Johannes , Avalos Javier , Amengual Jaume 
Published: October 2023

AbstractVarious species of ascomycete fungi synthesize the carboxylic carotenoid neurosporaxanthin. The unique chemical structure of this xanthophyll reveals that: (1) Its carboxylic end and shorter length increase the polarity of neurosporaxanthin in comparison to other carotenoids, and (2) it contains an unsubstituted β-ionone ring, conferring the potential to form vitamin A. Previously, neurosporaxanthin production was optimized in Fusarium fujikuroi, which allowed us to characterize its antioxidant properties in in vitro assays. In this study, we assessed the bioavailability of neurosporaxanthin compared to other provitamin A carotenoids in mice and examined whether it can be cleaved by the two carotenoid-cleaving enzymes: β-carotene-oxygenase 1 (BCO1) and 2 (BCO2). Using Bco1−/−Bco2−/− mice, we report that neurosporaxanthin displays greater bioavailability than β-carotene and β-cryptoxanthin, as evidenced by higher accumulation and decreased fecal elimination. Enzymatic assays with purified BCO1 and BCO2, together with feeding studies in wild-type, Bco1−/−, Bco2−/−, and Bco1−/−Bco2−/− mice, revealed that neurosporaxanthin is a substrate for either carotenoid-cleaving enzyme. Wild-type mice fed neurosporaxanthin displayed comparable amounts of vitamin A to those fed β-carotene. Together, our study unveils neurosporaxanthin as a highly bioavailable fungal carotenoid with provitamin A activity, highlighting its potential as a novel food additive.
X-ray induced Coulomb explosion imaging of transient excited-state structural rearrangements in CS2
Authors: Unwin James , Allum Felix , Britton Mathew , Gabalski Ian , Bromberger Hubertus , Brouard Mark , Bucksbaum Philip H. , Driver Taran , Ekanayake Nagitha , Garg Diksha , Gougoula Eva , Heathcote David , Howard Andrew J. , Hockett Paul , Holland David M. P. , Kumar Sonu , Lam Chow-shing , Lee Jason W. L. , McManus Joseph , Mikosch Jochen , Milesevic Dennis , Minns Russell S. , Papadopoulou Christina C. , Passow Christopher , Razmus Weronika O. , Röder Anja , Rouzée Arnaud , Schuurman Michael , Simao Alcides , Stolow Albert , Tul-Noor Atia , Vallance Claire , Walmsley Tiffany , Rolles Daniel , Erk Benjamin , Burt Michael , Forbes Ruaridh 
Published: October 2023

AbstractStructural imaging of transient excited-state species is a key goal of molecular physics, promising to unveil rich information about the dynamics underpinning photochemical transformations. However, separating the electronic and nuclear contributions to the spectroscopic observables is challenging, and typically requires the application of high-level theory. Here, we employ site-selective ionisation via ultrashort soft X-ray pulses and time-resolved Coulomb explosion imaging to interrogate structural dynamics of the ultraviolet photochemistry of carbon disulfide. This prototypical system exhibits the complex motifs of polyatomic photochemistry, including strong non-adiabatic couplings, vibrational mode couplings, and intersystem crossing. Immediately following photoexcitation, we observe Coulomb explosion signatures of highly bent and stretched excited-state geometries involved in the photodissociation. Aided by a model to interpret such changes, we build a comprehensive picture of the photoinduced nuclear dynamics that follows initial bending and stretching motions, as the reaction proceeds towards photodissociation.
Linear optical response from the odd-parity Bardasis-Schrieffer mode in locally non-centrosymmetric superconductors
Authors: Lee Changhee , Chung Suk Bum 
Published: October 2023

AbstractOn the recent report of a field-induced first order transition in the superconducting state of CeRh2As2, which is a possible indication of a parity-switching transition of the superconductor, the microscopic physics is still under investigation. However, if two competing paring channels of opposite parities do exist, a particle-particle collective mode referred to as the Bardasis-Schrieffer (BS) mode should generically exist below the pair-breaking continuum. The BS mode of the CeRh2As2superconductor can couple to the light, as it arises from a pairing channel with the parity opposite to that of the superconducting condensate. Here, by using a generic model Hamiltonian we carry out a qualitative investigation on the excitation energy of the BS mode with respect to the out-of-plane magnetic fields and its contribution to the optical conductivity. Our findings indicate that the distinct coupling between the BS mode and the light can serve as evidence for the competing odd-parity channels of CeRh2As2and other locally non-centrosymmetric superconductors.
Humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 and endemic coronaviruses in urban and indigenous children in Colombia
Authors: Fernández Villalobos Nathalie Verónica , Marsall Patrick , Torres Páez Johanna Carolina , Strömpl Julia , Gruber Jens , Lotto Batista Martín , Pohl Daria , Concha Gustavo , Frickmann Hagen , de la Hoz Restrepo Fernando Pio , Schneiderhan-Marra Nicole , Krause Gérard , Dulovic Alex , Strengert Monika , Kann Simone 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Although anti-SARS-CoV-2 humoral immune responses and epidemiology have been extensively studied, data gaps remain for certain populations such as indigenous people or children especially in low- and middle-income countries. To address this gap, we evaluated SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and humoral immunity towards the parental B.1 strain, local SARS-CoV-2 variants, and endemic coronaviruses in children from Colombia from March to April 2021.

Methods
We performed a cross-sectional seroprevalence study with 80 children from Bogotá and expanded our analysis by comparing results with an independent observational study of 82 children from the Wiwa community living in the north-eastern Colombian territories. Antibody IgG titers towards SARS-CoV-2 and the endemic coronaviruses as well as ACE2 binding inhibition as a proxy for neutralization towards several SARS-CoV-2 variants were analyzed using two multiplex-based immunoassays.

Results
While we find seroprevalence estimates of 21.3% in children from Bogotá, seroprevalence is higher with 34.1% in Wiwa children. We observe a robust induction of antibodies towards the surface-exposed spike protein, its S1-, S2- and receptor-binding-subdomains in all SARS-CoV-2 seropositive children. Only nucleocapsid-specific IgG is significantly lower in the indigenous participants. ACE2 binding inhibition is low for all SARS-CoV-2 variants examined. We observe a dominance of NL63 S1 IgG levels in urban and indigenous children which suggests an early exposure to this respiratory virus independent of living conditions and geographic location. SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity does not correlate with antibody levels towards any of the four endemic coronaviruses indicating the absence of cross-protective immunity.

Conclusions
Overall, antibody titers, but in particular ACE2 binding inhibition are low within Colombian samples, requiring further investigation to determine any potential clinical significance.
Eco-building for eco-living, an essential step to face climate change
Authors: Amar Sylvia 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe article provides an historical overview of ecological design within the context of intentional communities. It explores how this design approach has evolved over time and emphasizes its significant contributions to the struggle against climate change. The key principles used by ecovillages (renewable energies, waste recycling, water consumption, voluntary simplicity and degrowing economies, shared governance) are recalled, bringing into light interactions between eco-housing and eco-living designs at all scales. The paper discusses the various challenges faced by ecovillages, such as the need to deeply articulate their own project to a local territory, while simultaneously being part of international networks. The demonstration argues that ecovillages already act, and could have a wider potential to promote sustainable living if they were considered as “setting an example”. The critical discussion acknowledges the difficulty in quantifying ecovillages’ current contributions. However, for their qualitative potential, they are seen as a valuable and strong potential resource in the fight against global warming. In summary, the article highlights the holistic approach of ecovillages in addressing all climate change issues and suggests considering them as laboratories for “empathic” architecture.
Overexpression of the LAT1 in primary human trophoblast cells increases the uptake of essential amino acids and activates mTOR signaling
Authors: Rosario Fredrick J. , Urschitz Johann , Powell Theresa L. , Brown Thomas L. , Jansson Thomas 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The System L amino acid transporter, particularly the isoform Large Neutral Amino Acid Transporter Small Subunit 1 (LAT1) encoded by SLC7A5, is believed to mediate the transfer of essential amino acids in the human placenta. Placental System L amino acid transporter expression and activity is decreased in pregnancies complicated by IUGR and increased in fetal overgrowth. However, it remains unknown if changes in the expression of LAT1 are mechanistically linked to System L amino acid transport activity. Here, we combined overexpression approaches with protein analysis and functional studies in cultured primary human trophoblast (PHT) cells to test the hypothesis that SLC7A5 overexpression increases the uptake of essential amino acids and activates mTOR signaling in PHT cells. Overexpression of SLC7A5 resulted in a marked increase in protein expression of LAT1 in the PHT cells microvillous plasma membrane and System L amino acid transporter activity. Moreover, mTOR signaling was activated, and System A amino acid transporter activity increased following SLC7A5 overexpression, suggesting coordination of trophoblast amino transporter expression and activity to ensure balanced nutrient flux to the fetus. This is the first report showing that overexpression of LAT1 is sufficient to increase the uptake of essential amino acids in PHT cells, which activates mTOR, a master regulator of placental function. The decreased placental System L activity in human IUGR and the increased placental activity of this transporter system in some cases of fetal overgrowth may directly contribute to changes in fetal amino acid availability and altered fetal growth in these pregnancy complications.
Mixed RNN‐DNN based channel prediction for massive MIMO‐OFDM systems
Authors: Ge Lijun , Shi Chenpeng , Niu Shixun , Chen Gaojie , Guo Yuchuan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractChannel state information (CSI), which is crucial for resource allocation and system performance in time division duplex (TDD) massive multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) systems, is difficult to predict because of the channel's time‐varying nature. To overcome this limitation, a scheme for channel prediction combined with deep learning (DL) is proposed. The system uses a deep neural network (DNN) to interpolate channel estimates from a few received pilot signals and a recurrent neural network (RNN) to train through the current time and the recent historical channel estimates to predict the CSI while the channel is constantly varying. In the end, a mixed neural network of RNN and DNN, is called MRDNN. In addition, the proposed DL‐based method does not rely on the relevant feature information about the channel, such as internal characteristics and parameters of the channel itself or channel statistical information, which improves its effectiveness in practical applications. The results of the simulation show that the MRDNN‐based method is better than the existing methods, like traditional AR method and NL Kalman method, and also can be effective in improving the quality of channel prediction and the performance of the system under the dynamic change scenario of low mobility.
Dynamic wide‐area cooperative protection: A new approach
Authors: Koloushani Sayed Mahdi , Taher Seyed Abbas 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis paper introduces a new dynamic wide‐area cooperative protection based on cooperative control of distributed multi‐agent systems and graph theoretical methods. For power system cooperative protection, a new voting method is designed that manages each agent's cooperation according to each protection area. Cooperative protection areas work together and make a wide area of cooperative protection for the specific protection scheme. As the power system configuration varies, the voting management and the wide‐area cooperative protection dynamically change. The proposed protection method decisions are collective, while a centralized master does not exist, and local information is used. A fault detection code and a wide‐area fault detection code are presented for fault detection. The suggested dynamic wide‐area cooperative protection scheme is tested on an IEEE 39‐bus test system. The proposed protection performance is studied as backup protection for distance relays during normal, stable power swings, unstable power swings, and load encroachment conditions.
Multiview feature co‐factorization based dictionary selection for video summarization
Authors: Chen Xiaoning , Ma Mingyang , Yang Runfeng , Peng Yong 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRecently, video summarization (VS) has emerged as one of the most effective tools for rapidly understanding video big data. Dictionary selection based on self‐representation and sparse regularization is consistent with the requirement of VS, which aims to represent the original video with little reconstruction error by a small number of video frames. However, one crucial issue is that the existing methods mainly use a single view feature, which is not sufficient enough for acquiring the full pictorial details and affects the quality of the produced video summary. Although a few methods use more than one features, they only directly concatenate the features, which does not take advantage of the relationship of different features. Considering the complementarity of shallow and deep features, multiview feature co‐factorization based dictionary selection for VS is proposed in this paper to use the common information of both view features for VS. Specifically, two view features are used to fully exploit the full pictorial information of video frames, then the common information of two different views is extracted through coupled matrix factorization to conduct the dictionary selection for VS. Experiments have been carried out on two benchmark datasets, and results have demonstrated the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method.
Accurately 3D neuron localization using 2D conv‐LSTM super‐resolution segmentation network
Authors: Zhou Hang , Li Yuxin , Wen Wu , Yang Hao , Ma Yayu , Chen Min 
Published: October 2023

AbstractNeuron localization is a fundamental step in the neuron morphology reconstruction and quantitative analysis of cell counting and spatial distribution. The recent development of labelling and imaging techniques has resulted in growing demand for automatic neuron localization methods of 3D neuronal microscopy images. However, accurately localizing touching neurons remains a challenge. To address this issue, a novel method utilizing a super‐resolution segmentation network based on 2D Conv‐LSTM and a region growing method are proposed. This network can map and detect individual neurons in higher resolution space, allowing for the separation of closely touching neurons with reduced resource consumption. Subsequently, a region growing method is employed to localize neurons accurately. This method is evaluated using neuronal images generated by TDI‐fMOST. This method achieved neuron localization with an F1 score of 0.91. In comparison, other automatic localization methods achieved F1 scores lower than 0.85. It is also demonstrated that our network has fewer computational requirements compared to 3D neural networks. This method is promising for accurately localizing neurons in large‐scale neuron images.
Method of phase compensation and pattern transformation for array antennas with arbitrarily oriented circularly polarised elements
Authors: Jing Zhongtian , Han Yubing 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe inconsistent polarised directions and the radiation pattern transformation of the elements need to be considered in the analysis and simulation of large circularly polarised conformal arrays. Without relying on full‐wave simulations of the full array, a polarisation phase compensation and a pattern transformation method are proposed to solve these problems. When the position and orientation of the conformal array elements are known, the polarisation phase compensation method can provide a solution to keep the initial phase direction of each circularly polarised antenna element consistent in the global coordinate system. Then, a pattern transformation method is proposed to obtain the radiation pattern of each antenna in the global coordinate system. In this method, the local antenna polarised radiation patterns with amplitude and phase information are expressed in the global coordinate system through the mutual conversion relationship between the local and global coordinate systems. These methods can provide a guidance for array design and performance simulation, especially theoretically applicable to the arbitrary conformal arrays.