bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Theoretical study of the adsorption of ethylene on alkali‐exchanged zeolites
Authors: Ketrat Sombat , Limtrakul Jumras 
Published: August 2003

AbstractThe structures of alkali‐exchanged faujasite (X–FAU, X = Li+ or Na+ ion) and ZSM‐5 (Li–ZSM‐5) zeolites and their interactions with ethylene have been investigated by means of quantum cluster and embedded cluster approaches at the B3LYP/6‐31G(d, p) level of theory. Inclusion of the Madelung potential from the zeolite framework has a significant effect on the structure and interaction energies of the adsorption complexes and leads to differentiation of different types of zeolites (ZSM‐5 and FAU) that cannot be drawn from a typical quantum cluster model, H3SiO(X)Al(OH)2OSiH3. The Li–ZSM‐5 zeolite is predicted to have a higher Lewis acidity and thus higher ethylene adsorption energy than the Li–FAU zeolites (16.4 vs. 14.4 kcal/mol), in good agreement with the known acidity trend of these two zeolites. On the other hand, the cluster models give virtually the same adsorption energies for both zeolite complexes (8.9 vs. 9.1 kcal/mol). For the larger cation‐exchanged Na–FAU complex, the adsorption energy (11.6 kcal/mol) is predicted to be lower than that of Li–FAU zeolites, which compares well with the experimental estimate of about 9.6 kcal/mol for ethylene adsorption on a less acidic Na–X zeolite. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem 94: 333–340, 2003
Industry, corporate, and segment effects and business performance: a non‐parametric approach
Authors: Ruefli Timothy W. , Wiggins Robert R. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractThe literature investigating the degree to which firm performance is associated with industry or corporate factors has recently been subject to criticism on the grounds of both methodological shortcomings and incomplete interpretation of results. Our research goes beyond these critiques to raise more basic issues concerning the assumptions underlying variance decomposition, the methodology dominating the antecedent literature. Performance data and categorizations from a sample consistent with those employed in the recent literature are analyzed via a new non‐parametric methodology. Results here indicate that corporate factors were over an order of magnitude better predictors of business unit profit position than were industry factors—which were found not to have been significant predictors. Further, underlying performance relationships were seen to have shifted over time. A key implication of these results for researchers is that they provide additional evidence that managers can have a strategic influence on business performance. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Introducing QoS awareness in distributed programming: QTcl
Authors: Canonico Roberto , D'Arienzo Maurizio , Romano Simon Pietro , Ventre Giorgio 
Published: August 2003

AbstractA number of distributed applications require communication services with quality of service (QoS) guarantees. Building global‐scale distributed systems with predictable properties is one of the great challenges for computer systems engineering in the new century. Work undertaken within the Internet Engineering Task Force has led to the definition of novel architectural models for the Internet with QoS support. According to these models, the network has to be appropriately configured in order to provide applications with the required performance guarantees.In next‐generation networks, enabling applications to interact with the underlying QoS services is of primary importance. Hence, several special‐purpose application programming interfaces (APIs) have been defined to let applications negotiate QoS parameters across QoS‐capable networks. However, so far, none of these APIs are available in different operating environments. We believe that such features should be embedded in programming environments for distributed applications. In this work we present how we included QoS control features in Tcl, a programming language that has been widely adopted for the development of distributed multimedia applications. Our work has led to the implementation of QTcl, an extended Tcl interpreter that provides programmers with a new set of primitives, in full compliance with the standard SCRAPI programming interface for the RSVP protocol. QTcl in highly portable, in that it enables standard QoS negotiation to be performed in a seamless fashion on the most common operating systems. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On aspectualizing component models
Authors: Pichler Roman , Ostermann Klaus , Mezini Mira 
Published: August 2003

AbstractServer‐side component models such as Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) add powerful abstractions to the bare ‘business objects’ layer in order to support a clean separation of server‐side application logic from other concerns such as distribution, security, transaction management and persistence. An improved separation of concerns is also the main goal of aspect‐oriented programming (AOP). This paper compares the two approaches and reasons about the possibility of substituting (parts of) component models using AOP mechanisms. We conclude that AOP is a promising approach to eliminate important shortcomings of the container‐based component approach. However, our analysis of concrete aspect‐oriented languages shows that current AOP technology is not yet mature enough to supersede component models. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of endogenous agonists, glycine and D‐serine, on in vivo specific binding of [11C]L‐703,717, a PET radioligand for the glycine‐binding site of NMDA receptors
Authors: Haradahira Terushi , Okauchi Takashi , Maeda Jun , Zhang Ming‐Rong , Nishikawa Toru , Konno Ryouichi , Suzuki Kazutoshi , Suhara Tetsuya 
Published: August 2003

AbstractA positron‐emitter (carbon‐11) labeled antagonist for the glycine‐binding site of NMDA receptors, [11C]L‐703,717, has a unique in vivo binding characteristic, in which it preferentially binds to cerebellar‐specific NMDA receptors consisting of a GluRϵ3 subunit and eventually accumulates in rodent cerebellum under in vivo conditions, but not under in vitro conditions. In order to understand the in vivo‐specific site and subunit localization of this radioligand, we examined the effect of the endogenous glycine site agonists, glycine and D‐serine, on in vivo [11C]L‐703,717 binding. An increase in extracellular glycine concentration by treatment with a glycine transporter 1 (GlyT1)‐selective inhibitor, NFPS ethyl ester, significantly decreased the cerebellar localization of [11C]L‐703,717 in rats. D‐serine is known to be concentrated in mammalian forebrain regions. The lack of D‐serine detection in the cerebellum may be due to the fact that it has the highest enzymatic activity of D‐amino acid oxidase (DAO). It was found that the cerebellar localization of [11C]L‐703,717 is greatly diminished in mutant mice lacking DAO, in which D‐serine content in the cerebellum is drastically increased from a nondetectable level in normal mice. These studies indicate that [11C]L‐703,717 is susceptible to inhibition by glycine site agonists in its in vivo binding, and suggest that regional differences in inhibitions by endogenous agonists may be a crucial factor in the site‐ and subunit‐specific binding of this glycine‐site antagonist. Synapse 50:130–136, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Changing moisture sources over the last 330,000 years in Northern Oman from fluid-inclusion evidence in speleothems
Authors: Fleitmann Dominik , Burns Stephen J. , Neff Ulrich , Mangini Augusto , Matter Albert 
Published: August 2003

AbstractSpeleothems from Hoti Cave in northern Oman provide a record of continental pluvial periods over the last 330,000 yr. Periods of rapid speleothem deposition occurred from 6000 to 10,500, 78,000 to 82,000, 120,000 to 135,000, 180,000 to 200,000, and 300,000 to 330,000 yr ago, with little or no growth during the intervening periods. During each of these five pluvial periods, δD values of water extracted from speleothem fluid inclusions (δDFI) are between −60 and −20‰ (VSMOW) and δ18O values of speleothem calcite (δ18OC) are between −12 and −4‰ to (VPDB). These values are much more negative than modern rainfall (for δD) or modern stalagmites (for δ18O). Previous work on the isotopic composition of rainfall in Oman has shown that northern and southern moisture sources are isotopically distinct. Combined measurements of the δD values of fluid-inclusion water with calculated δ18O values from peak interglacial speleothems indicate that groundwater was predominantly recharged by the southern (Indian Ocean) moisture source, when the monsoon rainfall belt moved northward and reached Northern Oman during each of these periods.
How the Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope entered Biological Research
Authors: Amos W.B. , White J.G. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractA history of the early development of the confocal laser scanning microscope in the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge is presented. The rapid uptake of this technology is explained by the wide use of fluorescence in the 80s. The key innovations were the scanning of the light beam over the specimen rather than vice‐versa and a high magnification at the level of the detector, allowing the use of a macroscopic iris. These were followed by an achromatic all‐reflective relay system, a non‐confocal transmission detector and novel software for control and basic image processing. This design was commercialized successfully and has been produced and developed over 17 years, surviving challenges from alternative technologies, including solid‐state scanning systems. Lessons are pointed out from the unusual nature of the original funding and research environment. Attention is drawn to the slow adoption of the instrument in diagnostic medicine, despite promising applications.
Assessment of metabolites and AhR and CYP1A1 mRNA expression subsequent to prenatal exposure to inhaled benzo(a)pyrene
Authors: Wu Jie , Ramesh Aramandla , Nayyar Tultul , Hood Darryl B. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractFew studies have focused on environmental aerosol contaminant, mechanistically‐based, dose‐related neurotoxicity with respect to development of the central nervous system. To fill this important data gap and to highlight possible mechanistic pathways, a study was undertaken to determine metabolite concentrations associated with the transplacental disposition of inhaled benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P) and the resulting effects on the status of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), and cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) mRNA in preweaning F1 generation animals. In this study, laparotomy on GD 8 was performed on timed‐pregnant rats followed by dosing via nose‐only exposure for 4 h a day for 10 days (GD 11–GD 20) to three concentrations of a B(a)P: carbon black aerosol (25, 75 and 100 μg/m3). A dose‐dependent decrease in birth index was observed in the B(a)P exposed group as compared to the controls (P<0.05). Analysis of cerebrocortical extracts from F1 generation pups revealed a dose‐dependent (P<0.05) increase in total B(a)P metabolites. Analysis of cerebrocortical and hippocampal mRNA developmental expression profiles for AhR and CYP1A1 using 18sRNA as the internal standard, revealed that inhaled B(a)P upregulates AhR during the first postnatal month. The present study suggest that prenatal exposure to inhaled B(a)P upregulates hepatic aryl hydrocarbon receptor dependent mechanisms in the F1 generation. Hepatic upregulation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor may modulate the potential for benzo(a)pyrene toxicity via the activation of cytochrome P450 and the subsequent deposition of lipophillic metabolites to developing central nervous system structures such as cerebral cortex and hippocampus.
High affinity neurotrophin receptors in the human pre‐term newborn, infant, and adult cerebellum
Authors: Quartu Marina , Serra Maria Pina , Manca Annalisa , Follesa Paolo , Ambu Rossano , Del Fiacco Marina 
Published: August 2003

AbstractThe immunohistochemical occurrence of the high affinity neurotrophin (NT) receptors trkA, trkB, and trkC is shown in the pre‐term newborn, infant, and adult human post‐mortem cerebellum. Immunoreactive neuronal perikarya and processes were observed in all specimens examined, where they appeared unevenly distributed in the cerebellar cortical layers and deep nuclei, and showed regional differences among cerebellar lobules and folia. The trk receptor‐antibodies, tested by Western blot on human cerebellum homogenates, revealed multiple immunoreactive bands for trkA and single bands for trkB and trkC. The results obtained show the tissue localization of the trk receptor‐like immunoreactivity in the human cerebellum from prenatal to adult age. The analysis for codistribution of the receptors with the relevant ligand and among the receptors in discrete cortical and deep nuclei tissue fields shows a wide variety of conditions, from a good similarity in terms of type and density of labeled structures, to a lack of correspondence, and suggests the possibility of colocalization of trk receptors with the relevant neurotrophin and among them in the cerebellar cortex. These results sustain the concept that the neurotrophin trophic system participates in the development, differentiation, and maintenance of the human cerebellar connectivity and support the possibility of a multifactorial trophic support for the neurotrophins through target‐derived and local mechanisms.
Cardioverter‐defibrillators after MADIT‐II: the balance between weight of evidence and treatment costs
Authors: Boriani Giuseppe , Biffi Mauro , Martignani Cristian , Camanini Claudia , Grigioni Francesco , Rapezzi Claudio , Branzi Angelo 
Published: August 2003

AbstractThe possibility of using implantable cardioverter‐defibrillators (ICDs) for primary prevention of sudden death in selected high‐risk patients has prompted a series of prospective controlled studies. Recently, the MADIT II study highlighted the possibility of effective primary prevention of sudden death in patients with coronary artery disease selected by straightforward clinical data and without expensive screening (electrophysiological study). For patients with previous myocardial infarction and low left ventricular ejection fraction (≤30%), ICD implantation may reduce mortality risk by approximately 31% in the following 2 years. Implementation of this therapeutic strategy threatens to impact on public health‐care spending. Possible cost‐limiting mechanisms include price cuts because of increasing usage (market forces); identification of subgroups at higher risk of sudden death and use of cheaper devices with limited diagnostic and therapeutic options. Further long‐term evaluation of the cost‐effectiveness and cost‐utility of ICDs should identify subgroups of patients for whom implantation is affordable despite current economic constraints. For heart failure patients, randomized controlled trials are currently evaluating the effects on overall survival of both conventional ICDs and devices with biventricular pacing capabilities. In this perspective, data from the COMPANION trial are expected to stimulate the use of devices with defibrillation back‐up in candidates for biventricular pacing.
VALsartan In Acute myocardial iNfarcTion (VALIANT) trial: baseline characteristics in context
Authors: Velazquez Eric J. , Pfeffer Marc A. , McMurray John V. , Maggioni Aldo P. , Rouleau Jean‐Lucien , Van de Werf Frans , Kober Lars , White Harvey D. , Swedberg Karl , Leimberger Jeffrey D. , Gallo Paul , Sellers Mary Ann , Edwards Susan , Henis Marc , Califf Robert M. ,   for the VALIANT Investigators
Published: August 2003

AbstractBackground:The VALsartan In Acute myocardial iNfarcTion (VALIANT) trial compared outcomes with: (1) angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibition (ACEI) with the reference agent captopril; (2) angiotensin‐receptor blockade (ARB) with valsartan; or (3) both in patients with heart failure (HF) and/or left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) after myocardial infarction (MI).Aims:A goal of this active‐control trial was to simulate conditions that would lead current practitioners to use ACEIs. Thus, we compared characteristics of VALIANT patients with those of patients in placebo‐controlled trials that established ACEIs as standard treatment.Methods and Results:We collected demographic, clinical, medication and imaging information from 14703 patients in 24 countries. This high‐risk population was a median 65.8 years old, and 31.1% were female. Most (51.8%) showed imaging evidence of LVSD at enrollment. Most (72%) had Killip class≥II HF. Patients received evidence‐based therapies at rates similar to those of contemporary MI trials and at an improved rate compared with prior placebo‐controlled ACEI trials.Conclusion:VALIANT represents the largest globally representative cohort enrolled with HF and/or LVSD after MI. Patients were similar to those in placebo‐controlled ACEI trials while reflecting improvements in evidence‐based care. With enrollment complete, VALIANT is poised to define the optimal strategy for renin–angiotensin system blockade after MI to improve cardiovascular outcomes.
Incorporating socio‐political health promotion activities in clinical practice
Authors: Whitehead Dean 
Published: August 2003

Summary• A criticism laid at the door of many nurses in relation to their health promotion activity is that they almost exclusively adopt a biomedical/preventative health education approach. When it comes to adopting socio‐political health promotion approaches, there is scant evidence that nurses implement these activities in clinical practice.• This article is designed to raise awareness and signpost the types of activities that nurses could be involved with if they wish to influence the broader social and political health promotion agenda. In doing so, it has developed an ‘effect’ programme model for socio‐political health promotion practice as a framework for those practitioners who wish to review their current health‐related activities and/or who are seeking to extend their range of health promotional practice.• This article draws upon a critical review of the literature in order to develop an evolving theoretical perspective for health promotion practice. The proposed model was developed from this new perspective as were recommendations for practice.
A comparison of pain and health‐related quality of life between two groups of cancer patients with differing average levels of pain
Authors: Boström Barbro , Sandh Marie , Lundberg Dag , Fridlund Bengt 
Published: August 2003

Summary• A study was performed to describe and compare pain and Health‐Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) in two groups of cancer patients in palliative care as well as to describe the correlation between pain and HRQOL.• Forty‐seven patients with mild average pain [Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) ≤ 3] and 28 patients with moderate to severe average pain (VAS > 3) were included. Medical Outcomes Study Short Form (SF‐36) was used to evaluate HRQOL, pain intensity levels were measured with the VAS on Pain‐O‐Meter.• Compared to patients with mild pain, patients with moderate to severe pain had statistically significant, higher pain intensity for the items ‘pain at time of interview’, ‘worst pain in the past 24 hours’ and ‘pain interrupting sleep.’ They also had the lowest scores of the SF‐36 dimensions: physical functioning, role‐physical, and bodily pain. Patients with moderate to severe pain had statistically significant, fewer months of survival. There were statistically significant positive correlations between pain items and negative correlation between pain and SF‐36 dimensions.• The conclusion is that pain has a negative impact on HRQOL, especially on physical health and that pain increases towards the final stages of life. Even if patients have to endure symptoms such as fatigue and anxiety during their short survival time, dealing with pain is an unnecessary burden, which can be prevented.
The reality of clinical learning in critical care settings: a practitioner:student gap?
Authors: Endacott Ruth , Scholes Julie , Freeman Marnie , Cooper Simon 
Published: August 2003

Summary• This article reports on the clinical phase of a study commissioned by the English National Board for Nursing, Midwifery and Health Visiting to evaluate the effectiveness of educational preparation for critical care nursing [Scholes & Endacott (2002) Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Educational Preparation for Critical Care Nursing. ENB, London]. The authors draw on observation and interview data from clinical settings (general and paediatric intensive care units; operating theatre departments; accident and emergency departments and coronary care units), focusing specifically on the way in which curricular intentions were made a reality in clinical practice. The reality of learning in practice is examined, with evidence from the data to illustrate the real world of clinical practice.• Different models of support and supervision are identified, alongside strategies used to create different learning opportunities. The majority of students remained in their own workplace when undertaking the English National Board for Nursing, Midwifery and Health Visiting clinical course. This raised a number of issues for the students and their colleagues which we have labelled the practitioner:student gap. The authors discuss the impact this has on supernumerary status, perceptions of learning and opportunities to undertake placements.
Expression of single copies of a strongly expressed 35S transgene can be silenced post‐transcriptionally
Authors: Elmayan Taline , Vaucheret Hervé 
Published: August 2003

SummaryThe bacterial UidA gene cloned between the 35S promoter with a double enhancer and the terminator sequences of the pea rbcS 9C gene was introduced into tobacco plants. All 11 transformants carrying the transgene at a single locus showed silencing at each generation, but the timing of silencing occurred at different rates in the different transformants. Two plants showed high levels of UidA mRNA accumulation and GUS activity in young seedlings and a rapid decline of these levels during the first month of growth irrespective of the allelic state of the T‐DNA. The other plants showed high levels of UidA mRNA accumulation and GUS activity in young seedlings and a slow decline of these levels during the first 4 months of growth in homozygous plants, whereas these levels decline only after 1 year of growth in hemizygous plants. Haploids showed the same kinetics of silencing as the homozygous plants from which they derived. Silencing correlated with a strong decrease of the steady‐state level of UidA mRNA, while the transcription of the transgene in the nucleus was not affected. Since haploids and hemizygous plants derived from transformants carrying a single copy of the T‐DNA show silencing, and since all the plants express the transgene at a very high level before the triggering of silencing, the results suggest that post‐transcriptional silencing occurs through a dose effect and not through DNA‐DNA interaction.