bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
External Validation of Obese/Critically Ill Vancomycin Population Pharmacokinetic Models in Critically Ill Patients Who Are Obese
Authors: Alsultan Abdullah , Dasuqi Shereen A. , Almohaizeie Abdullah , Aljutayli Abdullah , Aljamaan Fadi , Omran Rasha A. , Alolayan Abdulaziz , Hamad Mohammed A. , Alotaibi Haifa , Altamimi Sarah , Alghanem Sarah S. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObesity combined with critical illness might increase the risk of acquiring infections and hence mortality. In this patient population the pharmacokinetics of antimicrobials vary significantly, making antimicrobial dosing challenging. The objective of this study was to assess the predictive performance of published population pharmacokinetic models of vancomycin in patients who are critically ill or obese for a cohort of critically ill patients who are obese. This was a multi‐center retrospective study conducted at 2 hospitals. Adult patients with a body mass index of ≥30 kg/m2 were included. PubMed was searched for published population pharmacokinetic studies in patients who were critically ill or obese. External validation was performed using Monolix software. A total of 4 models were identified in patients who were obese and 5 models were identified in patients who were critically ill. In total, 138 patients who were critically ill and obese were included, and the most accurate models for these patients were the Goti and Roberts models. In our analysis, models in patients who were critically ill outperformed models in patients who were obese. When looking at the most accurate models, both the Goti and the Roberts models had patient characteristics similar to ours in terms of age and creatinine clearance. This indicates that when selecting the proper model to apply in practice, it is important to account for all relevant variables, besides obesity.
The making of Homo Honoratus: From omission to commission
Authors: Hallsworth Michael , List John A. , Metcalfe Robert D. , Rotaru Kristian , Vlaev Ivo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study investigates how people's tendency to avoid action, known as “omission bias,” influences their financial decisions, specifically in the context of debt repayment to the UK government. Using a randomized controlled trial, we communicated with individuals who owed money, employing two distinct message framings. The omission‐framed message suggested that nonresponse was seen as inadvertent, while the commission‐framed message treated nonresponse as a deliberate choice. Analyses of nearly 40,000 responses revealed that repayment rates almost doubled with commission framing, reaching 23.2%, as opposed to 12% under omission framing. This reframing strategy generated over $1.4 million in additional revenue, underscoring the considerable real‐world impact of understanding and leveraging the omission bias in shaping financial behaviors.
Longitudinal Evaluation of Bronchial Changes in Cystic Fibrosis Patients Undergoing Elexacaftor/Tezacaftor/Ivacaftor Therapy Using Lung MRI With Ultrashort Echo‐Times
Authors: David Mathieu , Benlala Ilyes , Bui Stephanie , Benkert Thomas , Berger Patrick , Laurent François , Macey Julie , Dournes Gael 
Published: October 2023

BackgroundLung magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with ultrashort echo‐times (UTE‐MRI) allows high‐resolution and radiation‐free imaging of the lung structure in cystic fibrosis (CF). In addition, the combination of elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ETI) has improved CF clinical outcomes such as need for hospitalization. However, the effect on structural disease still needs longitudinal evaluation at high resolution.PurposeTo analyze the effects of ETI on lung structural alterations using UTE‐MRI, with a focus on bronchiectasis reversibility.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationFifty CF patients (mean age 24.3 ± 9.2; 23 males).Field Strength/Sequence1.5 T, UTE‐MRI.AssessmentAll subjects completed both UTE‐MRI and pulmonary function tests (PFTs) during two annual visits (M0 and M12), and 30 of them completed a CT scan. They initiated ETI treatment after M0 within a maximum of 3 months from the annual examinations. Three observers scored a clinical MRI Bhalla score on UTE‐MRI. Bronchiectasis reversibility was defined as a reduction in both outer and inner bronchial dimensions. Correlations were searched between the Bhalla score and PFT such as the forced expiratory volume in 1 second percentage predicted (FEV1%p).Statistical TestsComparison was assessed using the paired t‐test, correlation using the Spearman correlation test with a significance level of 0.05. Concordance and reproducibility were assessed using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).ResultsThere was a significant improvement in MRI Bhalla score after ETI treatment. UTE‐MRI demonstrated bronchiectasis reversibility in a subgroup of 18 out of 50 CF patients (36%). These patients with bronchiectasis reversibility were significantly younger, with lower severity of wall thickening but no difference in mucus plugging extent (P = 0.39) was found. The reproducibility of UTE‐MRI evaluations was excellent (ICC ≥ 0.95), was concordant with CT scan (N = 30; ICC ≥ 0.90) and significantly correlated to FEV1% at PFT at M0 (N = 50; r = 0.71) and M12 (N = 50; r = 0.72).Data ConclusionUTE‐MRI is a reproducible tool for the longitudinal follow‐up of CF patients, allowing to quantify the response to ETI and demonstrating the reversibility of some structural alterations such as bronchiectasis in a substantial fraction of this study population.Level of Evidence4Technical EfficacyStage 2
Integrated analysis of viral blips, residual viremia, and associated factors in people with HIV: Results from a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Oomen Patrick G. A. , Dijkstra Suzan , Hofstra L. Marije , Nijhuis Monique M. , Verbon Annelies , Mudrikova Tania , Wensing Annemarie M. J. , Hoepelman Andy I. M. , Van Welzen Berend J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe etiology of viral blips is not yet fully elucidated. One of the hypotheses is that blips reflect variations in residual viremia (RV) near the detectability threshold. In this study, we evaluated whether RV is associated with viral blips and which factors are associated with RV. All treatment regimens in 2010–2020 consisting of two nucleos(‐t)ide reverse transcriptase inhibitors and one anchor (integrase strand transfer inhibitor [INSTI], non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor [NNRTI], or protease inhibitor [PI]) in people with HIV (PWH) were evaluated for RV (detectable viremia <50 cp/mL) and blips (isolated viral loads [VLs] 50–499 cp/mL between measurements <50 cp/mL). All medical records were reviewed and regimens in which a VL ≥ 50 cp/mL was deemed to result from non‐adherence (based on the documented conclusion by the treating physician) were excluded. Factors associated with blips and RV were identified using generalized linear mixed models. In total, 24 518 VLs from 1658 PWH were analyzed. VLs were measured during INSTI‐ (n = 5119; 20.9%), PI‐ (n = 8935; 36.4%), and NNRTI‐use (n = 10 464; 42.7%). VLs were categorized as blips in 1.4% (n = 332). The 24,186 non‐blip VLs were RNAneg (no RV) (n = 15 326; 63.4%), 1–19 cp/mL (n = 6318; 26.1%), 20–49 cp/mL (n = 1620; 6.7%), or <50 cp/mL with an unknown RV level (n = 922; 3.8%). In 193/1658 PWH (11.6%), the RV level was RNAneg in all VLs assessed. RV 1–19 cp/mL and 20–49 cp/mL (vs. RNAneg) were significantly associated with subsequent viral blips (respective odds ratio 2.66 and 4.90 [95% confidence intervals: 1.98–3.58 and 3.41–7.04]). Zenith VL and use of PIs (vs. INSTIs/NNRTIs) were associated with higher RV and blip odds. This large cohort study showed that blips were associated with higher preceding RV. Both the anchor type and factors previously linked to the latent viral reservoir were associated with RV, suggesting blips having a multifactorial origin.
Viral codon optimization on SARS‐CoV‐2 Spike boosts immunity in the development of COVID‐19 mRNA vaccines
Authors: Lai Chih‐Jen , Kim Dokyun , Kang Seokmin , Li Kun , Cha Inho , Sasaki Akimi , Porras Jose , Xia Tian , Jung Jae U. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractLife‐long persistent herpesviruses carry “trans‐inducers” to overcome the unusual codon usage of their glycoproteins for efficient expression. Strikingly, this “trans‐inducibility” can be achieved by simply changing the codon‐usage of acute virus glycoproteins to that of persistent herpesvirus glycoproteins with herpesviral trans‐inducer. Here, we apply the “persistent viral codon‐usage‐trans‐inducer” principle to SARS‐CoV‐2 Spike mRNA vaccine platform, in which the codon‐usage of Spike is changed to that of Herpes Simplex Virus‐1 (HSV‐1) glycoprotein B (gB) with its “trans‐inducer” ICP27. The HSVgB‐ICP27‐codon‐optimized Spike mRNA vaccine induced markedly high antigen expression and stability, total IgG, neutralizing antibody, and T cell response, ultimately enhancing protection against lethal SARS‐CoV‐2 challenge. Moreover, the HSVgB‐ codon‐optimized Delta (B.1.617.2) strain Spike mRNA vaccine provided significant enhancements in antigen expression and long‐term protection against SARS‐CoV‐2 challenge. Thus, we report a novel persistent viral codon‐usage‐trans‐inducer mRNA vaccine platform for enhanced antigen expression and long‐term protection against lethal viral infection.
The fluorescence imaging for laparoscopic and laparotomic endometrial sentinel lymph node biopsy (FILLES) trial: Siriraj gynecologic sentinel node of endometrial cancer (SiGN‐En) study
Authors: Khemworapong Khemanat , Jaishuen Atthapon , Srichaikul Pisutt , Inthasorn Perapong , Viriyapak Boonlert , Achariyapota Vuthinun , Jareemit Nida , Warnnissorn Malee , Hanamornroongruang Suchanan , Sukmee Jumnanja 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe objective of this study is to establish the detection rate of sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsies and to determine the sensitivity and false‐negative rate of SLN biopsies compared with those of systematic pelvic and para‐aortic lymphadenectomies in endometrial cancer.MethodsThis prospective cohort study enrolled patients with endometrial cancer who were scheduled for surgical staging. Patients with a history of chemotherapy or radiotherapy, an abnormal liver function test, or an allergy to indocyanine green (ICG) were excluded. All patients underwent surgical staging with an ICG injection at the cervix. SLNs were identified by a near‐infrared fluorescent camera. All SLNs were sent to a pathologist for ultrastaging.ResultsFrom November 2019 to June 2023, 142 patients underwent SLN mapping and surgical staging. SLNs were not detected bilaterally in 8 patients. The detection rate of the SLN biopsies in this study was 91.2%. Thus, the accuracy of the SLN biopsies was 97.6%. The sensitivity for finding metastatic SLNs was 84.2%, with a negative predictive value of 97.22%.ConclusionsA SLN biopsy in endometrial cancer has a high detection rate and high accuracy. However, surgical expertise and a learning curve are required.
Sex‐specific differences and long‐term trends in habitat selection of American woodcock
Authors: Slezak Colby R. , Masse Roger J. , McWilliams Scott R. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEffective wildlife management requires an understanding of how individuals select environmental factors, although few studies assess how habitat selection may differ over time or between sexes. During the post‐breeding period (15 May to 1 Sep), we tracked 146 male American woodcock (Scolopax minor) in Rhode Island, USA, from 2010–2021 to assess how habitat selection varied over time, and 17 females and 51 males during the final 2 years of the study to document sex‐specific differences in habitat selection. Males generally had smaller home ranges (35.0 ± 10.7 [margin of error] ha) and preferred habitat mosaics that consisted of forested wetlands, young forest patches, areas of deciduous forest, moist soils with gentle slopes, and riparian corridors. We detected subtle differences between sexes in selection for wetland young forest, upland young forest, percent slope, distance to upland young forest, distance to streams, and distance to moist soils. During 2020–2021, females tended to have larger home ranges (78.7 ± 46.4 ha) than males (35.0 ± 10.7 ha) and more strongly selected sites closer to riparian corridors, while males selected areas that were closer to upland young forest with flatter slopes than the available surrounding landscape. Such sex‐specific differences in habitat selection may be related to males and females prospecting for potential breeding sites during this post‐breeding period for the following spring. We used the top‐ranked habitat selection models for males and females to produce a spatially explicit state‐wide map that identifies low‐to‐high likelihood of use areas that can be used to guide forest management decisions in southern New England to maximize benefits for American woodcock.
Combined effects of climate change and agricultural intensification on soil erosion in uphill shifting cultivation in Northeast India
Authors: Schröder Lea S. , Rasche Livia , Jantke Kerstin , Mishra Gaurav , Lange Stefan , Eschenbach Annette , Schneider Uwe A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractShifting cultivation will face increasing pressure from erosion‐related land degradation caused by rising cultivation intensities and climate change. However, empirical knowledge about future trends of soil erosion and thus land degradation in shifting cultivation systems is limited. We use the Environmental Policy Integrated Climate (EPIC) model to first explore the combined effects of climate change and agricultural intensification on soil erosion of uphill shifting cultivation systems, using six surveyed soil profiles. We assess interactions between climate change, the length of the fallow period, and slope inclinations for a near (2021–2050) and far (2071–2100) future period, considering three climate scenarios, five climate models, fallow periods between one and 20 years, and slopes between five and 70% steepness. Our results show a significant nonlinear relationship between global warming and erosion. Until the end of the century, erosion is estimated to increase by a factor of 1.2, 2.2, and 3.1 under the SSP126, SSP370, and SSP585 scenarios, respectively, compared with the historical baseline (1985–2014). Combined effects from climate change, fallow length, and slope inclination indicate that steep slopes require longer fallow periods, with an increase of slope from 5% to 10% multiplying the required fallow length by a mean factor of 2.5, and that fallow periods will need to be extended under higher global warming if erosion rates are to remain at current levels. These findings are novel as they link climate change effects on shifting cultivation systems to different slopes and fallow regimes, making an important contribution to understanding future erosion dynamics of traditional smallholder production systems in mountainous terrain, with relevant implications for policies on agricultural intensification.
Properties and Soil Degradation Characteristics of Chitin‐Reinforced Poly(butylene succinate)/Hydroxyapatite Composites
Authors: Motloung Mpho Phillip , Mofokeng Tladi Gideon , Bandyopadhyay Jayita , Ray Suprakas Sinha 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPoly(butylene succinate) (PBS) is a biodegradable polymer; however, a prolonged soil degradation rate of PBS limits its wide range of applications. Here, the impact of incorporating chitin in mechanical and thermal properties and soil degradation characteristics of PBS/hydroxyapatite (HAP) composites is investigated. Chitin is one of the most abundant natural polymers extensively used for various applications and has a fast soil degradation characteristic. Therefore, ternary PBS composites are melt‐processed in a twin‐screw extruder with a fixed amount of HAP (1.5 wt%) and two different loadings of chitin (1.5 and 3 wt%). Morphological characterization using transmission electron microscopy shows a homogeneous distribution of both fillers in a PBS composite containing 1.5 wt% chitin. In contrast, an optical microscopy study of the same composite at the melt state shows defibrillation and breakage of the chitin fibers during the extrusion. Incorporation of chitin decreases the elongation at break of the PBS/HAP composite, which is likely a consequence of chitin fiber morphology. However, the soil degradation characteristics and melt strength of PBS/HAP composites are improved in the presence of chitin fibers. In summary, chitin is shown to have the potential as an additive to obtain environmentally benign PBS composites for a wide range of applications.
Resilient and Tough Conductive Polymer Hydrogel for a Low‐Hysteresis Strain Sensor
Authors: Cao Chunyan , Huang Tao , Li Yunming 
Published: October 2023

AbstractConductive polymer hydrogels are vital in strain sensors, yet achieving high resilience and toughness is a challenge. This study employs a prestretch method to engineer a tough conductive polymer hydrogel with sufficient resilience. Initially, a blend film of polyvinylalcohol (PVA) and ethylene‐vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH) is prepared through solution casting, followed by a swelling process to form a PVA‐EVOH hydrogel. This hydrogel, with PVA crystallites as crosslinking points, exhibits high toughness. The hydrogel is then immersed in pyrrole and ferric chloride solutions for in‐situ polymerization of polypyrrole (PPy), creating a conductive PPy/PVA‐EVOH hydrogel. Finally, a 200% prestretch is applied, breaking short chains within the network, eliminating energy dissipation at low strains. This results in a hydrogel with a 100% elastic deformation range, while maintaining high fracture toughness (1700 J m‐2). The prestretched PPy/PVA‐EVOH hydrogel functions as a strain sensor with low hysteresis, providing consistent strain measurements during loading and unloading. This outperforms the non‐prestretched sample, which shows inconsistent responses between stretching and releasing.
Inhibition of the RBMS1/PRNP axis improves ferroptosis resistance‐mediated oxaliplatin chemoresistance in colorectal cancer
Authors: Xu Yini , Hao Jingpeng , Chen Qiang , Qin Yafei , Qin Hong , Ren Shaohua , Sun Chenglu , Zhu Yanglin , Shao Bo , Zhang Jingyi , Wang Hao 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe majority of patients with advanced colorectal cancer have chemoresistance to oxaliplatin, and studies on oxaliplatin resistance are limited. Our research showed that RNA‐binding motif single‐stranded interacting protein 1 (RBMS1) caused ferroptosis resistance in tumor cells, leading to oxaliplatin resistance. We employed bioinformatics to evaluate publically accessible data sets and discovered that RBMS1 was significantly upregulated in oxaliplatin‐resistant colorectal cancer cells, in tandem with ferroptosis suppression. In vivo and in vitro studies revealed that inhibiting RBMS1 expression caused ferroptosis in colorectal cancer cells, restoring tumor cell sensitivity to oxaliplatin. Mechanistically, this is due to RBMS1 inducing prion protein translation, resulting in ferroptosis resistance in tumor cells. Validation of clinical specimens revealed that RBMS1 is similarly linked to tumor development and a poor prognosis. Overall, RBMS1 is a potential therapeutic target with clinical translational potential, particularly for oxaliplatin chemoresistance in colorectal cancer.
Partially dielectric loaded planar Vivaldi array antenna for forward‐looking GPR applications
Authors: Caliskan Alper , Hoşgör Yasin , Turk Ahmet Serdar , Kizilay Ahmet 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a novel two‐element partially dielectric loaded planar Vivaldi antenna array for ultra‐wideband applications. This array is capable of operating between 380 MHz and 3 GHz and is designed on a 1.6‐mm thick low‐cost FR4 substrate with total size of 25 × 330 × 430 mm3. Innovative approaches to various gain enhancement techniques such as partial dielectric loading, corrugations, and U‐shaped back reflector used for planar Vivaldi antennas, are collectively employed in this design. Various elements of the array are interconnected. The two‐element Vivaldi array is fed by using a power divider. The array is designed by using a full‐wave three‐dimensional EM simulation tool. The designed antenna is manufactured and then measured. The simulation and measurement results are found to be consistent with each other.
Compact wide‐stopband bandpass filter using FSIW‐patch triple‐mode resonator
Authors: Liu Bao‐Guang , Cheng Chonghu 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this study, the compact third‐order filter with wide stopband is proposed, and it is based on the folded substrate integrated waveguide (FSIW)‐patch resonator. The embedded semicircular patch with two etched slots is integrated into the closed dual‐mode FSIW, so the miniaturized single‐cavity triple‐mode resonator with electromagnetic (EM) shielding and high quality can be achieved. In addition, the slots can reduce transverse electricity (TE)101 and TE201 on FSIW, while the other higher‐order modes of FSIW remain unchanged, then the wide stopband can be realized, and the stopband can be further widened by designing the feeding position to suppress higher‐order modes. Then, this filter based on hybrid FSIW modes has compact size, wide stopband, and good EM shielding. Finally, a prototype with 3‐dB fractional bandwidth of 8.4% is designed at 5.87 GHz (f0), and its insertion loss is only 1.16 dB. The upper‐stopband attenuation is better than 23 dB extended to 3.08f0. It occupies only 0.18λg2, where λg is the guided wavelength at f0.