bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi-Task Learning for Design Under Uncertainty With Multi-Fidelity Partially Observed Information
Authors: Xu Yanwen , Wu Hao , Liu Zheng , Wang Pingfeng , Li Yumeng 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The assessment of system performance and identification of failure mechanisms in complex engineering systems often requires the use of computation-intensive finite element software or physical experiments, which are both costly and time-consuming. Moreover, when accounting for uncertainties in the manufacturing process, material properties, and loading conditions, the process of reliability-based design optimization (RBDO) for complex engineering systems necessitates the repeated execution of expensive tasks throughout the optimization process. To address this problem, this paper proposes a novel methodology for RBDO. First, a multi-fidelity surrogate modeling strategy is presented, leveraging partially observed information (POI) from diverse sources with varying fidelity and dimensionality to reduce computational cost associated with evaluating expensive high-dimensional complex systems. Second, a multi-task surrogate modeling framework is proposed to address the concurrent evaluation of multiple constraints for each design point. The multi-task framework aids in the development of surrogate models and enhances the effectiveness of reliability analysis and design optimization. The proposed multi-fidelity multi-task machine learning model utilizes a Bayesian framework, which significantly improves the performance of the predictive model and provides uncertainty quantification of the prediction. Additionally, the model provides a highly accurate and efficient framework for reliability-based design optimization through knowledge sharing. The proposed method was applied to two design case studies. By incorporating POI from various sources, the proposed approach improves the accuracy and efficiency of system performance prediction, while simultaneously addressing the cost and complexity associated with the design of complex systems.
Effects of Hypoxia Severity on Muscle Oxygenation Kinetics Using Statistical Parametric Mapping During Repeated Treadmill Sprints
Authors: Hansen Clint , Brocherie Franck , Millet Grégoire P. , Girard Olivier 
Published: January 2024

Purpose: We examined the effects of increasing hypoxia severity on oxygenation kinetics in the vastus lateralis muscle during repeated treadmill sprints, using statistical parametric mapping (SPM). Methods: Ten physically active males completed 8 sprints of 5 seconds each (recovery = 25 s) on a motorized sprint treadmill in normoxia (sea level; inspired oxygen fraction = 0.21), moderate hypoxia (inspired oxygen fraction = 0.17), and severe hypoxia (SH; inspired oxygen fraction = 0.13). Continuous assessment of tissue saturation index (TSI) in the vastus lateralis muscle was conducted using near-infrared spectroscopy. Subsequently, TSI data were averaged for the sprint–recovery cycle of all sprints and compared between conditions. Results: The SPM analysis revealed no discernible difference in TSI signal amplitude between conditions during the actual 5-second sprint phase. However, during the latter portion of the 25-second recovery phase, TSI values were lower in SH compared with both sea level (from 22 to 30 s; P = .003) and moderate hypoxia (from 16 to 30 s; P = .001). The mean distance covered at sea level (22.9 [1.0] m) was greater than for both moderate hypoxia (22.5 [1.2] m; P = .045) and SH (22.3 [1.4] m; P = .043). Conclusions: The application of SPM demonstrated that only SH reduced muscle oxygenation levels during the late portion of the passive (recovery) phase and not the active (sprint) phase during repeated treadmill sprints. These findings underscore the usefulness of SPM for assessing muscle oxygenation differences due to hypoxic exposure and the importance of the duration of the between-sprints recovery period.
Movement Patterns in Older Adults Recovering From Hip Fracture
Authors: Kraaijkamp Jules J.M. , Stijntjes Marjon , De Groot Jurriaan H. , Chavannes Niels H. , Achterberg Wilco P. , van Dam van Isselt Eléonore F. 
Published: January 2024

The aim of this study was to quantify physical activity and sedentary behavior in older adults recovering from hip fracture and to identify groups based on movement patterns. In this cross-sectional cohort study, older adults (≥70 years) were included 3 months after surgery for proximal femoral fracture. Patients received an accelerometer for 7 days. Demographics and outcomes related to physical function, mobility, cognitive functions, quality of life, and hip fracture were assessed. In total, 43 patients with sufficient accelerometer wear time were included. Across all groups, participants engaged in very low levels of physical activity, spending an average of 11 hr/day in prolonged sedentary behavior. Based on the extracted components from a principal component analysis, three groups with substantial differences in levels of physical activity and sedentary behavior could be distinguished.
A framework for leveraging network course-based undergraduate research experience (CURE) faculty to develop, validate, and administer an assessment instrument
Authors: Kleinschmit Adam J. , Genné-Bacon Elizabeth , Drace Kevin , Govindan Brinda , Larson Jennifer R. , Qureshi Amber A. , Bascom-Slack Carol 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

Over the last several years, nationally disseminated course-based undergraduate research experiences (CUREs) have emerged as an alternative to developing a novel CURE from scratch, but objective assessment of these multi-institution (network) CUREs across institutions is challenging due to differences in student populations, instructors, and fidelity of implementation. The time, money, and skills required to develop and validate a CURE-specific assessment instrument can be prohibitive. Here, we describe a co-design process for assessing a network CURE [the Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance in the Environment (PARE)] that did not require support through external funding, was a relatively low time commitment for participating instructors, and resulted in a validated instrument that is usable across diverse PARE network institution types and implementation styles. Data collection efforts have involved over two dozen unique institutions, 42 course offerings, and over 1,300 pre-/post-matched assessment record data points. We demonstrated significant student learning gains but with small effect size in both content and science process skills after participation in the two laboratory sessions associated with the core PARE module. These results show promise for the efficacy of short-duration CUREs, an educational research area ripe for further investigation, and may support efforts to lower barriers for instructor adoption by leveraging a CURE network for developing and validating assessment tools.
Writing like a scientist: a research assignment for undergraduates inspired by the publishing process
Authors: Eden Alexander 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

Students that graduate with degrees in science may pursue a variety of career roles. Many of these roles may require them to read primary scientific literature (PSL) or even write up their own manuscripts for submission. While literature has recognized the importance of integrating PSL into undergraduate curriculum, it is also important for students to recognize the writing process that one may need to take part in if they seek to disseminate their own publications. This article will go through a research assignment that was given to an introductory journal club class for biology majors at a large R1 Hispanic-serving Institution. This assignment was designed to mirror the publication process at many journals including drafting a manuscript, integrating editor recommendations, and drafting a letter to the editor. In the end, students produce a review paper while becoming more familiar with the traditional publication process. In turn, this can prepare them to eventually seek to publish their own manuscripts.
Focus areas and methodological characteristics of North American-based health disparity research in sports medicine: a scoping review
Authors: Kliethermes Stephanie A , Asif Irfan M , Blauwet Cheri , Christensen Leslie , Coleman Nailah , Lavallee Mark E , Moeller James L , Phillips Shawn F , Rao Ashwin , Rizzone Katherine H , Sund Sarah , Tanji Jeffrey L , Tuakli-Wosornu Yetsa A , Stafford Cleo D 
Published: January 2024

ObjectiveHealth disparities are widely prevalent; however, little has been done to examine and address their causes and effects in sports and exercise medicine (SEM). We aimed to summarise the focus areas and methodology used for existing North American health disparity research in SEM and to identify gaps in the evidence base.DesignScoping review.Data sourcesSystematic literature search of PubMed, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL Plus with Full Text, Web of Science Core Collection and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials.Eligibility criteriaFull-text, peer-reviewed manuscripts of primary research, conducted in North America; published in the year 2000 or after, in English; and focusing on organised sports were included.Results103 articles met inclusion criteria. Articles were classified into five focus areas: access to and participation in sports (n=45), access to SEM care (n=28), health-related outcomes in SEM (n=24), provider representation in SEM (n=5) and methodology (n=1). Race/ethnicity (n=39), socioeconomic status (n=28) and sex (n=27) were the most studied potential causes of health disparities, whereas sexual orientation (n=5), location (rural/urban/suburban, n=5), education level (n=5), body composition (n=5), gender identity (n=4) and language (n=2) were the least studied. Most articles (n=74) were cross-sectional, conducted on youth (n=55) and originated in the USA (n=90).ConclusionHealth disparity research relevant to SEM in North America is limited. The overall volume and breadth of research required to identify patterns in a heterogeneous sports landscape, which can then be used to inform positive change, need expansion. Intentional research focused on assessing the intersectionality, causes and consequences of health disparities in SEM is necessary.
Is the impact of paid maternity leave policy on the prevalence of childhood diarrhoea mediated by breastfeeding duration? A causal mediation analysis using quasi-experimental evidence from 38 low-income and middle-income countries
Authors: Chai Yan , Nandi Arijit , Heymann Jody 
Published: January 2024

ObjectivesQuasi-experimental evidence suggests that extending the duration of legislated paid maternity leave is associated with lower prevalence of childhood diarrhoea in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). This could be due to a variety of mechanisms. This study examines whether this effect is mediated by changes in breastfeeding duration.Design and settingDifference-in-difference approach and causal mediation analysis were used to perform secondary statistical analysis of cross-sectional data from Demographic and Health Surveys (DHSs) in 38 LMICs.ParticipantsWe merged longitudinal data on national maternity leave policies with information on childhood diarrhoea related to 639 153 live births between 1996 and 2014 in 38 LMICs that participated in the DHS at least twice between 1995 and 2015.Primary outcome measureOur outcome was whether the child had bloody stools in the 2 weeks prior to the interview. This measure was used as an indicator of severe diarrhoea because the frequency of loose stools in breastfed infants can be difficult to distinguish from pathological diarrhoea based on survey data.ResultsA 1-month increase in the legislated duration of paid maternity leave was associated with a 34% (risk ratio 0.66, 95% CI 0.47 to 0.91) reduction in the prevalence of bloody diarrhoea. Breast feeding for at least 6 months and 12 months mediated 10.6% and 7.4% of this effect, respectively.ConclusionExtending the duration of paid maternity leave appears to lower diarrhoea prevalence in children under 5 years of age in LMICs. This effect is slightly mediated by changes in breastfeeding duration.
Prognostic value of circulating plasma cells detected by flow cytometry in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Xiaoyan , Wu Feifei , Ye Wu , Deng Jili , Zhang Mengmeng , Zhang Congli , Yu Qingfeng , Cao Li , Gan Silin , Ma Jie 
Published: January 2024

ObjectivesMultiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant plasma cell disorder. The most widely accepted staging system for MM is the revised International Staging System based on cytogenetic and clinical biomarkers. The circulating clonal plasma cells (CPCs) were reported to have potential prognostic impact on MM. Among various diagnostic approaches, multiparametric flow cytometry (FCM) offers heightened sensitivity, minimal invasiveness and reproducibility. We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the prognostic value of quantifying CPCs via FCM in newly diagnosed symptomatic MM (NDMM) patients.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcePubMed, Web of Science, Embase and references of included studies.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesWe included observational studies that evaluated the prognostic value of CPCs detected by FCM in NDMM.Data extraction and synthesisData were screened and extracted independently by two investigators. The pooled results originated from random effects models. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). The secondary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). To evaluate the prognostic value of CPCs in NDMM, HRs and their 95% CI for both OS and PFS were derived using COX multivariable models. These values were then used to compute the pooled estimated effect.ResultsOur meta-analysis encompassed a total of 2704 NDMM patients from 11 studies up to 27 August 2022. The pooled HR for OS and PFS in CPC-positive (CPCs+) group and CPC-negative group were 1.95 (95% CI 1.24 to 3.07) and 2.07 (95% CI 1.79 to 2.39), respectively. The autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) failed to eliminate the adverse impact on OS and PFS. The heterogeneity may stem from the use of novel agents or traditional chemotherapy as initial treatment.ConclusionThis meta-analysis indicates CPCs+ had an adverse impact on the prognosis of NDMM patients in the total population, and the adverse impact could not be eliminated by ASCT.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021272381.
Virological, serological and clinical outcomes in chronic hepatitis B virus infection: development and validation of the HEPA-B simulation model
Authors: Mohareb Amir M , Kim Arthur Y , Boyd Anders , Noubary Farzad , Kouamé Menan Gérard , Anglaret Xavier , Coffie Patrick A , Eholie Serge Paul , Freedberg Kenneth A , Hyle Emily P 
Published: January 2024

ObjectivesDetailed simulation models are needed to assess strategies for prevention and treatment of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, the world’s leading cause of liver disease. We sought to develop and validate a simulation model of chronic HBV that incorporates virological, serological and clinical outcomes.MethodsWe developed a novel Monte Carlo simulation model (the HEPA-B Model) detailing the natural history of chronic HBV. We parameterised the model with epidemiological data from the Western Pacific and sub-Saharan Africa. We simulated the evolution of HBV DNA, ‘e’ antigen (HBeAg) and surface antigen (HBsAg). We projected incidence of HBeAg loss, HBsAg loss, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and death over 10-year and lifetime horizons. We stratified outcomes by five HBV DNA categories at the time of HBeAg loss, ranging from HBV DNA<300 copies/mL to >106copies/mL. We tested goodness of fit using intraclass coefficients (ICC).ResultsModel-projected incidence of HBeAg loss was 5.18% per year over lifetime (ICC, 0.969 (95% CI: 0.728 to 0.990)). For people in HBeAg-negative phases of infection, model-projected HBsAg loss ranged from 0.78% to 3.34% per year depending on HBV DNA level (ICC, 0.889 (95% CI: 0.542 to 0.959)). Model-projected incidence of cirrhosis was 0.29–2.09% per year (ICC, 0.965 (95% CI: 0.942 to 0.979)) and HCC incidence was 0.06–1.65% per year (ICC, 0.977 (95% CI: 0.962 to 0.986)). Over a lifetime simulation of HBV disease, mortality rates were higher for people with older age, higher HBV DNA level and liver-related complications, consistent with observational studies.ConclusionsWe simulated HBV DNA-stratified clinical outcomes with the novel HEPA-B Model and validated them to observational data. This model can be used to examine strategies of HBV prevention and management.
Retrospective cross-sectional analysis of concurrent VTE diagnosis in hospitalised socially excluded individuals in Ireland
Authors: Carpenter Chloe , O’ Farrell Anne , Ní Áinle Fionnuala , Ní Cheallaigh Clíona , Kevane Barry 
Published: January 2024

ObjectiveSocial exclusion (such as that experienced by people who are homeless, incarcerated or use drugs) increases morbidity across a range of diseases but is poorly captured in routine data sets. The aim of this study was to use a novel composite variable in a national-level hospital usage dataset to identify social exclusion and to determine whether social exclusion is associated with concurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE) in hospitalised patients in Ireland. Identifying and characterising this association in people who are socially excluded will inform VTE prevention and treatment strategies.DesignRetrospective cross-sectional study.SettingIrish Hospital Inpatient Enquiry (HIPE) system, which collects diagnostic information by International Classification of Diseases Tenth Revision code on all hospital admission episodes in the Ireland.ParticipantsAll hospital admission episodes involving a VTE diagnosis (in a primary ‘Dx 1’ or secondary ‘Dx 2–30’ coding position) during a 12-month period in the Ireland were identified from consolidated, national-level datasets derived from the Irish HIPE system. Social exclusion was defined as the presence of one or more indicators of homelessness, drug use, incarceration, health hazards due to socioeconomic status or episodes of healthcare terminated prematurely.ResultsOf 5701 admission episodes involving a VTE diagnosis (in a primary or secondary position) during the study period, 271 (4.8%) related to an individual affected by social exclusion. Among hospitalised individuals identified as being socially excluded based on the novel composite variable, the likelihood of having a concurrent VTE diagnosis was over twofold greater than that observed in the general population (OR 2.14, 95% CI 1.79 to 2.26; p<0.001).ConclusionThese data suggest that VTE (primary and secondary) is over-represented in hospitalised socially excluded persons in Ireland and that the development of strategies to address this potentially life-threatening accompanying condition in this vulnerable patient group must be prioritised.
Epidemiological characteristics of suspected adenomyosis in the Chinese physical examination population: a nested case-control study
Authors: Huang Yanyan , Su Xueyao , Chen Ke , Zhang Lijun , Xu Wei , Pu Yang , Xu Fan , Gong Ruoyan , Zhang Jiayuan , Nie Yuxian , Shi Qiuling 
Published: January 2024

ObjectivesWe aimed to explore the epidemiological characteristics of suspected adenomyosis within a physical examination population in China.DesignA retrospective, nested case-control study; we matched healthy people and those with potential adenomyosis on a 1:2 ratio by age.SettingA tertiary hospital health management centre.ParticipantsWe included 15–60 years old women who underwent at least one uterine examination from October 2017 to December 2020, excluding those who had undergone hysterectomy and menopause.Primary and secondary outcome measuresWe estimated the incidence and prevalence rate of suspected adenomyosis. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate associations between serum biomarkers and potential adenomyosis. Areas under the receiver-operating characteristic curves (AUC) were used to determine the cut-off point of the cancer antigen 125 (CA125) level for suspected adenomyosis.ResultsA total of 30 629 women had uterus-related imaging examinations; 877 had suspected adenomyosis. The standardised incidence and prevalence of suspected adenomyosis was 1.32% and 2.35%, respectively, for all age groups. The conditional logistic regression analysis results showed that total bilirubin≥18.81 µmol/L (HR: 2.129; 95% CI 1.067 to 4.249; p<0.0321) and CA125 levels (HR: 1.014; 95% CI 1.002 to 4.731; p<0.0273) were positively correlated with onset of suspected adenomyosis; body mass index>24 kg/m2(HR: 1.262; 95% CI 1.055 to 1.511; p<0.0109), CA125 levels (HR: 1.007; 95% CI 1.006 to 1.009; p<0.0001), and blood platelet levels (HR: 1.002; 95% CI 1 to 1.003; p<0.0141) were positively correlated with potential adenomyosis. The optimal cut-off of CA125 for new suspected adenomyosis was 10.714 U/mL, with a sensitivity of 77.42%, specificity of 53.76%, and AUC of 0.7841 (95% CI 0.7276 to 0.8407).ConclusionsThe disease burden of suspected adenomyosis remains huge and can be informed by biomarkers. The disease-specific threshold of CA125 will support further preventive strategy development in population.Trial registration numberChiCTR2100049520, 2021/8/2.
Nursing core competencies for postresuscitation care in Iran: a qualitative study
Authors: Zali Mahnaz , Rahmani Azad , Powers Kelly , Hassankhani Hadi , Namdar-Areshtanab Hossein , Gilani Neda 
Published: January 2024

ObjectiveThis study explored nurses’ perceptions of the core competencies required for providing postresuscitation care in both in-hospital and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.DesignQualitative conventional content analysis.Participants17 nurses selected with purposeful sampling method.SettingThree educational hospitals in northwest of Iran.Data collection and analysisSemi-structured interviews were used for data collection and they were analysed using conventional content analysis.ResultsSeven main categories have emerged from the data. The core competencies for nurses providing postresuscitation were identified as: quality assurance, providing evidence-based care, monitoring and presence, situation management, professionalism, positive attitude and providing family centred care.ConclusionsThe postresuscitation period is a unique and critical time requiring highly competent nursing care. Several core competencies for providing high-quality nursing care during postresuscitation period were identified through nurses’ experience in caring for patients postresuscitation.