bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intrastriatal microinjection of sodium nitroprusside induces cell death and reduces binding of dopaminergic receptors
Authors: Yanamoto Kazuhiko , Hosoi Rie , Uesaka Yumi , Abe Kohji , Tsukada Hideo , Inoue Osamu 
Published: August 2003

AbstractRat striatum was microinjected with 50 nmol sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and neural cell death as well as the binding of dopaminergic receptors were followed for 24 h after the infusion using TTC staining, cresyl violet staining, and quantitative autoradiography. Striatal cell death was observed 3 h after the infusion of SNP. A widespread area of cell death, including part of the cerebral cortex, was seen at 24 h after the infusion. A decrease of more than 80% in dopamine D1 receptor binding was seen in rat brain slices prepared 2 h after the infusion of SNP, whereas only a slight decrease in dopamine D2 receptor binding and almost no changes in dopamine transporter binding were observed. One day after the infusion, less than 10% of the binding of all three types of dopaminergic receptors remained in a widespread area in the infused side of the striatum and part of the cerebral cortex. Microinjection of either NOC‐18 (50 nmol), another type of NO donor, or sodium cyanide (50 nmol) did not caused cell death. In addition, microinjection of FeCl2 (50 nmol) into the striatum caused cell death and reduction in dopamine D1 receptor binding. These results suggest that iron‐related radical reactions, but not NO itself, might have important roles on SNP‐caused cell death. The current receptor binding study also indicated that dopamine D1 receptor binding is the most sensitive indicator for detection of cell death or cell damage induced by radical reactions in the rat striatum. Synapse 50:137–143, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inhibition of [18F]FP‐TZTP binding by loading doses of muscarinic agonists P‐TZTP or FP‐TZTP in vivo is not due to agonist‐induced reduction in cerebral blood flow
Authors: Shimoji Kazuaki , Esaki Takanori , Itoh Yoshiaki , Ravasi Laura , Cook Michelle , Jehle Jane , Jagoda Elaine M. , Kiesewetter Dale O. , Schmidt Kathleen , Sokoloff Louis , Eckelman William C. 
Published: August 2003

Abstract[18F][3‐(3‐(3‐Fluoropropyl)thio)‐1,2,5‐thiadiazol‐4‐yl]‐1,2,5,6‐tetrahydro‐1‐methylpyridine ([18F]FP‐TZTP) is an M2 selective muscarinic agonist that may allow noninvasive studies of Alzheimer's disease with PET. 3‐(3‐(Propylthio)‐1,2,5‐thiadiazol‐4‐yl)‐1,2,5,6‐tetrahydro‐1‐methylpyridine (P‐TZTP), a nonfluorinated analog of FP‐TZTP, and unlabeled FP‐TZTP inhibited [18F]FP‐TZTP binding in vivo. Because muscarinic action of the loading dose of P‐TZTP administered might have had pharmacological effects, the apparent inhibition might have resulted from reduced delivery rather than competition with receptor‐binding. Therefore, we examined the effects of P‐TZTP or FP‐TZTP administration on cerebral blood flow (CBF) measured by the [14C]iodoantipyrine method and laser‐Doppler flowmetry in rats. Statistically significant synchronous decreases in both CBF and mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) were observed within the first minute following administration. The decreases in both CBF and MABP were prevented by pretreatment with atropine methyl bromide (M‐At), a peripheral muscarinic antagonist, and coadministration of M‐At with either FP‐TZTP or P‐TZTP resulted in the same degree of inhibition of cerebral [18F]FP‐TZTP‐uptake 30 min after administration as observed without M‐At. Also, with programmed infusions designed to produce constant arterial concentrations of [18F]FP‐TZTP and FP‐TZTP, which avoid changes in CBF, significant inhibition of [18F]FP‐TZTP‐binding by FP‐TZTP was observed. These results indicate that inhibition of [18F]FP‐TZTP‐binding in the brain by P‐TZTP or FP‐TZTP in vivo occurs independently of their effects on CBF. The methods employed here may also be of interest to evaluate physiological effects of blocking agents utilized to validate other radiopharmaceuticals. Synapse 50:151–163, 2003. Published 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Degenkolb Engineers
Authors: Wosser Thomas D. , Poland Chris D. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractDegenkolb Engineers is completing its 62nd year of providing consulting structural engineering services in the design and construction industry. While the primary efforts have focused on the design of new structures and on seismic strengthening and rehabilitation, other important services include seismic evaluation, development of seismic hazard reduction programs, peer reviews, consultation and design of underpinning and shoring for deep excavations, as well as major participation in the development of seismic evaluation and rehabilitation standards. These services have been provided to private industry and business, universities, hospitals, governmental agencies, the insurance industry, and contractors, often, but not always, working with an architect. The firm is now in its fourth generation of leadership, headed by Chris D. Poland, President, CEO and Chairman of the Board. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sedimentologic and palynologic records of the last deglaciation and Holocene from Ballston Lake, New York
Authors: Toney Jaime L. , Rodbell Donald T. , Miller Norton G. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractContinuous pollen and sediment records from two ∼8.5-m-long cores document late Pleistocene and Holocene sedimentation and vegetation change in the Ballston Lake basin, eastern New York State. Pebbles at the base of both cores and the geomorphology of the watershed reflect the presence of the Mohawk River in the basin prior to ∼12,900 ± 70 cal yr B.P. Ballston Lake formed at the onset of the Younger Dryas (YD) by an avulsion of the Mohawk River. The transition from clay to gyttja with low magnetic susceptibility (MS), low bulk density, and high organic carbon indicates rapid warming and increased lake productivity beginning 11,020 cal yr B.P. MS measurements reveal that the influx of magnetic particles, associated with pre-Holocene clastic sedimentation, ceased after ∼10,780 cal yr B.P. The pollen record is subdivided into six zones: BL1 (12,920 to 11,020 cal yr B.P.) is dominated by boreal forest pollen; BL2 (11,020 to 10,780 cal yr B.P.) by pine (Pinus) forest pollen; BL3 (10,780 to 5290 cal yr B.P.) by hemlock (Tsuga) and mixed hardwood pollen; BL4 (5290 to 2680 cal yr B.P.) by mixed hardwood pollen; BL5a (2680 cal yr B.P. to 1030 cal yr B.P.) by conifer and mixed hardwood pollen; and BL5b (1030 cal B.P. to present) by increasing ragweed (Ambrosia) pollen. A 62% decrease in spruce (Picea) pollen in <320 cal years during BL1 reflects rapid warming at the end of the YD. Holocene pollen zones record more subtle climatic shifts than occurred at the end of the YD. One of the largest changes in the Holocene pollen spectra began ∼5300 cal yr B.P., and is characterized by a marked decline in hemlock pollen. This has been noted in other pollen records from the region and may record preferential selection of hemlock by a pathogen or parasites.
Transmembrane scaffolding proteins in the formation and stability of nodes of Ranvier
Authors: Girault Jean‐Antoine , Oguievetskaia Ksénia , Carnaud Michèle , Denisenko‐Nehrbass Natalia , Goutebroze Laurence 
Published: August 2003

AbstractThe function of myelinated fibers depends on the clustering of sodium channels at nodes of Ranvier, the integrity of the myelin sheath, and the existence of tight axoglial junctions at paranodes, on either sides of the nodes. While the ultrastructure of these regions has been known for several decades, recent progress has been accomplished in the identification of proteins essential for their organization, which depends on the interplay between axons and myelinating glial cells. Evolutionary conserved intercellular multimolecular complexes comprising proteins of the Neurexin IV/Caspr/paranodin (NCP) family and of the immunoglobulin‐like cell adhesion molecules superfamily, are essential components for the axoglial contacts at the level of paranodes and juxtaparanodes. These complexes are able to interact with cytoplasmic proteins of the band 4.1 family, providing possible links to the axonal cytoskeleton. While the identification of these proteins represents a significant progress for understanding axoglial contacts, they also raise exciting questions concerning the molecular organization of these contacts and the mechanisms of their local enrichment.
The pricing of U.S. IPOs by seasoned foreign firms
Authors: Burch Timothy R. , Fauver Larry 
Published: August 2003

AbstractWe examine the pricing of U.S. initial public offerings (IPOs) by foreign firms that are already seasoned in their domestic countries. Presumably, these equity offers have less downside risk for investors than typical IPOs since domestic share prices can be used to help establish a preoffer value for the firm's equity. In spite of the presumed diminished downside risk, we find that offers by firms from countries that impose foreign ownership restrictions and capital controls are on average underpriced, experiencing an average first‐day return in the United States of 12.7%. This result stems in part from the underwriter's failure to price the issue to fully reflect the postoffer premium that often arises for the U.S. shares. In contrast, offers by firms from countries without ownership restrictions have an average first‐day return of 0.0%.
Pre‐discharge, but not admission, levels of NT‐proBNP predict adverse prognosis following acute LVF
Authors: O'Brien Russell J. , Squire Iain B. , Demme Bettina , Davies Joan E. , Ng Leong L. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractBackground:Circulating natriuretic peptide levels provide prognostic information following acute coronary syndromes and in chronic heart failure. Little evidence exists of their utility following hospitalisation with acute left ventricular failure (LVF).Aims:To examine the relative prognostic value of admission and pre‐discharge plasma N‐terminal pro B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) following hospitalisation with acute heart failure.Methods:NT‐proBNP was measured at admission in 96 patients hospitalised with acute LVF. In a subset of 34 patients, NT‐proBNP was also measured prior to discharge. Multivariate analysis was performed of the clinical and serological predictors of a combined primary endpoint of death or heart failure (hospitalisation or as an outpatient).Results:During follow up (median 350 days, range 2–762), 37 (38.5%) patients died (n=16, 16.7%), or experienced at least 1 heart failure event (n=21, 21.9%). For the entire cohort of 96 patients, only a prior history of heart failure was associated with the primary endpoint (OR 3.5 [1.10–11.08], P=0.034). Admission plasma NT‐proBNP was not predictive (OR 1.84 [0.75–4.51], P=0.185). In the 34 patients for whom both admission and pre‐discharge NT‐proBNP was available, 19 (55.9%) died (n=8, 23.5%) or experienced heart failure (n=11, 32.4%). Only pre‐discharge plasma NT‐proBNP (OR 15.30 [95% CI: 1.4–168.9], P=0.026) was independently predictive of the composite endpoint. The area under the receiver–operator‐characteristic (AUC ROC) curve for pre‐discharge NT‐proBNP was superior to that for admission NT‐proBNP for prediction of death or heart failure (AUC ROC 0.87 cf 0.70), for death (0.79 cf 0.66), LVF hospitalisation (0.78 cf 0.70) or heart failure as an outpatient (0.71 cf 0.61).Conclusions:Plasma NT‐proBNP measured pre‐discharge provides useful prognostic information following hospitalisation with acute LVF.
Idioms, metaphors and syntactic mobility
Authors: HORN GEORGE M. 
Published: August 2003

Jackendoff (1997), whose analysis of idioms is based, in part, on work by Nunberg, Sag & Wasow (1994), discusses VP idioms and addresses the question of mobility. Both works identify fixed idioms, such as kick the bucket, and mobile idioms, such as spill the beans and take advantage of. Fixed idioms are ones whose NP objects are impervious to syntactic operations, as illustrated by the unacceptability, in their idiomatic sense, of sentences like *The bucket was kicked by Bill; while mobile idioms occur in sentences like The beans were spilled by Fred and Advantage was taken of Bill. Jackendoff correlates the mobility of VP idioms with a property that he refers to as metaphorical semantic composition. However, he observes that this property is not a sufficient condition for mobility.I will argue that the property of metaphorical semantic composition be replaced by a property of thematic composition, and that this property is a sufficient condition for mobility. A closer inspection of mobile idioms that have thematic composition reveals that they fall into two subtypes: expressions that have a property of ‘transparency of interpretation’, and ones that do not have this property. I refer to members of the first subtype as METAPHORS. I will demonstrate that there are no idiosyncratic constraints on their syntactic mobility, and will conclude that they need not be encoded in lexical entries as phrasal idioms. In these respects, they are distinct from members of the second subtype, whose degree of mobility is more limited, and which must be encoded in lexical entries as phrasal idioms. Finally, I will address the question of the necessity of thematic composition for mobility. Throughout the paper, I will assume that phrasal idioms are appropriately encoded in lexical entries of the types proposed by Jackendoff for fixed and mobile expressions.
Pleomorphic adenoma of the submandibular salivary glands with marked ossification
Authors: Xu Hui , Shimizu Yoshinaka , Niki Takayuki , Nagasaka Hiroshi , Kawamura Hiroshi , Ooya Kiyoshi 
Published: August 2003

AbstractThis article describes an unusual case of pleomorphic adenoma arising in the submandibular salivary glands that was associated with marked ossification. CT scan showed an irregular high‐density mass in the left submandibular region. Histologic examination of the resected mass revealed a well‐circumscribed pleomorphic adenoma with chondroid tissue intermingled with glandular and trabecular epithelial components. Irregularly formed osseous tissue was present in the chondroid tissue. The osseous tissue showed bone matrix on von Kossa's staining. Alkaline phosphatase expression was restricted to the vicinity of osseous tissue. Tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase‐positive osteoclasts were observed at the periphery of the osseous tissue. CD34 staining demonstrated many microvascular vessels in both the chondroid and osseous tissues. We conclude the osseous tissue in pleomorphic adenoma was bone in nature, and via the process of endochondral ossification most likely depended on angiogenesis.
Innate immune system is implicated in recurrent aphthous ulcer pathogenesis
Authors: Lewkowicz Natalia , Lewkowicz Przemyslaw , Kurnatowska Anna , Banasik Malgorzata , Glowacka Ewa , Cedzyński Maciej , Świerzko Anna , Lauk‐Puchala Bożena , Tchórzewski Henryk 
Published: August 2003

AbstractBackground:  Recurrent aphthous ulcers (RAU) is a chronic inflammatory disease with evidence of inappropriate immune response. This study presents the status of innate immune system in RAU.Methods:  Twenty RAU patients and 19 healthy individuals were selected. The status of peripheral blood neutrophils (reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) production, CD11b, TNF‐RI and TNF‐RII expression), concentration of antioxidants, sTNF‐R, C3c, C4 and haemolytic activity of the complement system, as well as mannose‐binding lectin (MBL), in the serum of RAU patients in active stage and in remission of the disease were determined.Results:  Peripheral blood neutrophils were primed in RAU, which resulted in increased ROI production by resting and fMLP‐stimulated neutrophils and diminished ROI production after in vitro priming. The increased expression of CD11b on resting and fMLP‐stimulated neutrophils in RAU may also point to their previous in vivo stimulation. The decreased total antioxidant status of serum observed in RAU may be a result of increased ROI production by peripheral blood neutrophils. The levels of C3c, C4 and haemolytic activity of the complement system were higher in RAU than in healthy people. No significant differences between active and remission RAU were noted.Conclusion:  Presented observations confirm that the innate immune system is involved in RAU pathogenesis.
Mycobacterium vaccae administration during allergen sensitization or challenge suppresses asthmatic features
Authors: Smit J. J. , Van Loveren H. , Hoekstra M. O. , Schijf M. A. , Folkerts G. , Nijkamp F. P. 
Published: August 2003

SummaryBackground and objective  The hygiene hypothesis suggests that a lack of bacterial infections would favour the development of allergic disease. For this reason, bacteria or their components can be used as potential treatment for allergic asthma. We investigated whether heat‐killed Mycobacterium vaccae is either able to suppress the induction of allergic asthma or able to suppress already established allergic asthma.Methods  Mice were sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA)/alum on days 0 and 14. Thereafter, mice were challenged on days 35, 39 and 42 by inhalation of either OVA or saline aerosols. M. vaccae‐treated mice received an injection with 106, 107 or 108 CFU heat‐killed M. vaccae on days 0 and 14 or 107 CFU on days 35 and 39. On day 43, the airway responsiveness of the mice to increasing concentrations of methacholine was assessed, blood was withdrawn to measure serum parameters, and lung lavage was performed to detect cytokines and inflammatory cell number.Results  Treatment of OVA‐sensitized mice with 107 CFU M. vaccae either during sensitization or challenge suppresses airway hyper‐responsiveness, airway eosinophilia and IL‐5 production after OVA challenge. The increases in OVA‐specific serum IgE and in IL‐4 by respiratory challenges with OVA were only diminished after M. vaccae treatment (107 CFU) during sensitization.Conclusions  Heat‐killed M. vaccae prevents allergic and asthmatic manifestations in a mouse model and, more importantly, M. vaccae treatment during challenge suppresses features of asthma, which opens up possibilities for new therapeutic interventions.
Promoter polymorphism in the 5‐lipoxygenase (ALOX5) and 5‐lipoxygenase‐activating protein (ALOX5AP) genes and asthma susceptibility in a Caucasian population
Authors: Sayers I. , Barton S. , Rorke S. , Sawyer J. , Peng Q. , Beghé B. , Ye S. , Keith T. , Clough J. B. , Holloway J. W. , Sampson A.P. , Holgate S.T. 
Published: August 2003

SummaryBackground
5‐Lipoxygenase (5‐LO) and 5‐lipoxygenase‐activating protein (FLAP) are essential for cysteinyl‐leukotriene (cys‐LT) production, critical mediators in asthma.Objective
We sought to identify novel promoter polymorphisms within the FLAP (ALOX5AP) gene promoter and test the role of these and the previously identified 5‐LO (ALOX5) Sp1 promoter polymorphism in asthma susceptibility.Methods
To assess genetic association with asthma phenotypes, we genotyped 341 Caucasian families (containing two asthmatic siblings) and non‐asthmatic control subjects (n=184). Genetic association was determined by case–control and transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) analyses. To determine the functional role of polymorphisms on basal transcription, we generated ALOX5AP‐promoter‐luciferase constructs and transiently transfected human HeLa cells.Results
A novel G/A substitution at –336 bp and a poly(A) repeat (n=19 or 23) at position −169 to −146 bp were identified in the ALOX5AP promoter. Genotyping found the −336 A and poly(A19) alleles at frequencies of q=0.06 and 0.12, respectively. No ALOX5AP allele was associated with asthma or asthma‐related phenotypes in case–control or TDT analyses. ALOX5AP‐promoter‐luciferase analyses did not support a functional role of the −336 or poly(A) polymorphism in determining basal transcription. The ALOX5 Sp1 polymorphism was predominantly homozygous wild‐type 5/5 (frequency q=0.70) and heterozygous 4/5 (q=0.23) genotypes and no allele was associated with asthma or asthma‐related phenotypes.Conclusion
Taken together, these data do not support a significant role for these polymorphisms in genetic susceptibility to asthma in the Caucasian population.
Concurrent cereal allergy in children with cow's milk allergy manifested with atopic dermatitis
Authors: Järvinen K.‐M. , Turpeinen M. , Suomalainen H. 
Published: August 2003

SummaryBackground
There is increasing consensus about the significance of food allergens in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD) in infancy and childhood, with cow's milk and egg accounting for most of the reactions. Previous studies have indicated that multiple food sensitization, such as cereals, is very common in patients with cow's milk allergy (CMA). Evidence is lacking, however, as to its clinical relevance.Objective
The purpose of this study was to determine the concurrent occurrence of cereal allergy among children with challenge‐proven CMA who have residual symptoms, such as AD and/or gastrointestinal symptoms, during cow's milk elimination diet. Further, we sought to evaluate the utility of patch testing in prescreening foods other than cow's milk behind allergic symptoms in children.Methods
The study population comprised 90 children, aged from 2.5 to 36 months (mean 1.1 years), with challenge‐proven CMA. As a result of residual symptoms during meticulous cow's milk elimination diet (AD: n=80, and gastrointestinal: n=10), the children were put on a cereal elimination diet (oats, wheat, rye, and barley) and skin prick tests (SPT) and patch testing with cereals were performed. Open cereal challenge was performed to confirm cereal allergy.Results
Cereal challenge was positive in 66 (73%) of the children with CMA. Of them, 17% reacted with immediate reactions and delayed‐onset reactions were seen in 83% of the children. SPT was positive in 23%, patch test in 67%, and either SPT or patch test was positive in 73% of the children with cereal allergy. SPT gave the best positive predictive value, whereas SPT together with patch test gave the best negative predictive value.Conclusions
Residual symptoms, such as eczema or gastrointestinal symptoms in CMA children may be a sign of undetected allergy to other food antigens. SPT with cereals aids in diagnosing cereal allergy in small children, especially when used together with patch testing.