bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uncertain futures and unsolicited findings in pediatric genomic sequencing: guidelines for return of results in cases of developmental delay
Authors: Cornelis Candice , Dondorp Wybo , Bolt Ineke , de Wert Guido , van Summeren Marieke , Brilstra Eva , Knoers Nine , Bredenoord Annelien L. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Massively parallel sequencing techniques, such as whole exome sequencing (WES) and whole genome sequencing (WGS), may reveal unsolicited findings (UFs) unrelated to the diagnostic aim. Such techniques are frequently used for diagnostic purposes in pediatric cases of developmental delay (DD). Yet policy guidelines for informed consent and return of UFs are not well equipped to address specific moral challenges that may arise in these children’s situations.

Discussion
In previous empirical studies conducted by our research group, we found that it is sometimes uncertain how children with a DD will develop and whether they could come to possess capacities for autonomous decision-making in the future. Parents sometimes felt this brought them into a Catch-22 like situation when confronted with choices about UFs before undergoing WES in trio-analysis (both the parents’ and child’s DNA are sequenced). An important reason for choosing to consent to WES was to gain more insight into how their child might develop. However, to make responsible choices about receiving or declining knowledge of UFs, some idea of their child’s future development of autonomous capacities is needed. This undesirable Catch-22 situation was created by the specific policy configuration in which parents were required to make choices about UFs before being sequencing (trio-analysis). We argue that this finding is relevant for reconfiguring current policies for return of UFs for WES/WGS and propose guidelines that encompass two features. First, the informed consent process ought to be staged. Second, differing guidelines are required for withholding/disclosing a UF in cases of DD appropriate to the level of confidence there is about the child’s future developmental of autonomous capacities.

Conclusion
When combined with a dynamic consent procedure, these two features of our guidelines could help overcome significant moral challenges that present themselves in the situations of children undergoing genomic sequencing for clarifying a DD.
Non-homogeneity in the efficiency evaluation of health systems
Authors: Dlouhý Martin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
An international comparison of health system performance is a popular tool of health policy analysis. However, the efficiency evaluation of health systems is a practical example of an international comparison in which non-homogeneity is expected. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the efficiency of health systems by models in which a degree of non-homogeneity among countries is considered.

Methods
We study the problem of non-homogeneity of health systems in the theoretical framework of the data envelopment analysis (DEA), which is a popular method of efficiency evaluation with hundreds of applications from various fields. DEA assume the homogeneity of production units and the homogeneity of the environment in which the production units operate. Hence, we compiled a summary of 14 recommendations on how to deal with the non-homogeneity in the DEA models. The analysed sample includes 38 OECD member countries. The data are from the year 2019.

Results
As an example, we evaluated the health system efficiency of the Czech Republic. We used the DEA models with the neighbourhood measure of distance and the constraint limiting the comparison of countries with different levels of economic development. The health system inputs were the numbers of physicians, nurses, and hospital beds. In the production of the intermediate outputs (doctor consultations, inpatient care discharges), the Czech Republic should look at Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia. In the production of health outcomes (life expectancy), the peer countries are France, Italy and Switzerland.

Conclusions
The results of the DEA analysis are only indicative because no single analytical method can determine whether a health system is better or worse than others. We need to combine different methods, and DEA is one of them. We consider DEA as an exploratory method, not a method providing definitive answers.
A Bayesian spatio-temporal framework to assess the effect of seasonal malaria chemoprevention on children under 5 years in Cameroon from 2016 to 2021 using routine data
Authors: Fottsoh Fokam Arnold , Rouamba Toussaint , Samadoulougou Sekou , Ye Yazoume , Kirakoya-Samadoulougou Fati 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Malaria affects millions of Cameroonian children under 5 years of age living in the North and Far North regions. These regions bear the greatest burden, particularly for children under 5 years of age. To reduce the burden of disease in these regions, Cameroon adopted the Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention (SMC) in 2016 and has implemented it each year since its adoption. However, no previous studies have systematically assessed the effects of this intervention in Cameroon. It is important to understand its effect and whether its implementation could be improved. This study aimed to assess the effect of SMC in Cameroon during the period 2016–2021 on malaria morbidity in children under 5 years of age using routine data.

Methods
Data on malaria cases were extracted from the Cameroon Health Monitoring Information System (HMIS) from January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2021. Health facilities report these data monthly on a single platform, the District Health Information System version 2 (DHIS2). Thus, a controlled interrupted time-series model in a Bayesian framework was used to evaluate the effects of the SMC on malaria morbidity.

Results
SMC implementation was associated with a reduction in the incidence of uncomplicated malaria cases during the high-transmission periods from 2016 to 2021. Regarding the incidence of severe malaria during the high-transmission period, a reduction was found over the period 2016–2019. The highest reduction was registered during the second year of implementation in 2017:15% (95% Credible Interval, 10–19) of uncomplicated malaria cases and 51% (47–54) of confirmed severe malaria cases.

Conclusion
The addition of SMC to the malaria intervention package in Cameroon decreased the incidence of uncomplicated and severe malaria among children under 5 years of age. Based on these findings, this study supports the wide implementation of SMC to reduce the malaria burden in Cameroon as well as the use of routine malaria data to monitor the efficiency of the strategy in a timely manner.
Career urgency and turnover intention among young adult workers: a comparison by gender and employment status
Authors: Ono Hiromi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to analyze, by grouping young adult workers by gender and employment status, the model that states that the tendency for impatience in situations such as “stagnation in career exploration,” “low evaluation from affiliation,” “upward comparison of careers between friends and acquaintances,” and “lack of work–life balance” leads to turnover intention through career urgency such as the “feeling of being pressurized,” having the “urge to develop one’s career,” and having “concern for one’s career.”

Methods
An online survey was conducted targeting 400 young adult workers. A simultaneous multi-population analysis was performed.

Results
For both male and female regular employees, the tendency for impatience when their career exploration stagnated led to their turnover intention by the “feeling of being pressurized.” However, for both male and female non-regular employees, although the tendency for impatience promotes the “feeling of being pressurized” upon stagnation in career exploration, it does not lead to turnover intention. Further, the results showed that in the case of female non-regular employees, the tendency for impatience when comparing their own career to those of friends and acquaintances, who are in a more desirable state than their own, leads to turnover intention through “concern for one’s career.”

Conclusions
Future research should consider marital status and the presence or absence of children in addition to gender and employment. Future studies should consider whether non-regular employees are of the involuntary type and whether they wish to change their status as regular employees.
Search-engine-based surveillance using artificial intelligence for early detection of coronavirus disease outbreak
Authors: Wang Ligui , Liu Yuqi , Chen Hui , Qiu Shaofu , Liu Yonghong , Yang Mingjuan , Du Xinying , Li Zhenjun , Hao Rongzhang , Tian Huaiyu , Song Hongbin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe search-engine-based surveillance methods for the early warning and prediction of infectious diseases cannot achieve search engine keywords automatic filtering and real-time updating, lead to powerless for the early warning of emerging infectious diseases. The aim of this study is to develop an artificial intelligence (AI) method for search-engine-based surveillance to improve the early warning ability for emerging infectious diseases. The 32 keywords (444 million search queries) that may be related to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak was collected from December 18, 2019 to February 11, 2020 from Baidu’s search engine database. The graph convolution network (GCN) model was used to select search engine keywords automatically, and then, multiple linear regression was performed to explore the relationship between the daily query frequencies of keywords and daily new cases. The GCN model was used to automatically select keywords. The prediction trend of the GCN model was highly consistent with the true curve with a mean absolute error of 81.65. Three keywords including “epidemic”, “mask” and “coronavirus” were selected. The selection keywords in the search queries were highly correlated with the daily number of confirmed cases (r = 0.96, 0.94, and 0.89; P < 0.01). An abnormal initial peak (3.05 times the normal volume) in queries appeared on December 31, 2019, which could have served as an early warning signal for an outbreak. Of particular concern, 17.5% of query volume originated from the Hubei Province, 51.15% of which was from Wuhan City. The coefficients of determination (R2) of our constructed model were 0.88, 0.88, 0.84, 0.77, 0.77, 0.75, 0.73, and 0.73 for a time lag of 0–7 days, respectively, using selection keywords. The model we constructed was used in the Beijing Xinfadi outbreak as an independent test dataset, which successfully predicted the daily numbers of cases for the following days and detected an early signal during the Beijing Xinfadi outbreak (R2 = 0.79). In this paper search-engine-based surveillance based on the AI method was established for the early detection of the COVID-19 epidemic for the first time. The model achieves automatic filtering and real-time updating of search engine keywords and can effectively detect the early signals of emerging infectious diseases.
Two-distance vertex-distinguishing index of sparse graphs
Authors: He Zhengyue , Liang Li , Gao Wei 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The two-distance vertex-distinguishing index

χ

d
2

′

(

G

)

{\chi }_{d2}^{^{\prime} }\left(G)

of graph

G

G

is defined as the smallest integer

k

k

, for which the edges of

G

G

can be properly colored using

k

k

colors. In this way, any pair of vertices at distance of two have distinct sets of colors. The two-distance vertex-distinguishing edge coloring of graphs can be used to solve some network problems. In this article, we used the method of discharging to prove that if

G

G

is a graph with mad

(

G

)

<

8

3

\left(G)\lt \frac{8}{3}

, then

χ

d
2

′

(

G

)

≤
max

{

7
,
Δ
+
2

}

{\chi }_{d2}^{^{\prime} }\left(G)\le \max \left\{7,\Delta +2\right\}

, which improves the result that a graph

G

G

of

Δ

(

G

)

≥
4

\Delta \left(G)\ge 4

has

χ

d
2

′

(

G

)

≤
Δ

(

G

)

+
2

{\chi }_{d2}^{^{\prime} }\left(G)\le \Delta \left(G)+2

if mad

(

G

)

<

5

2

\left(G)\lt \frac{5}{2}

, and

χ

d
2

′

(

G

)

≤
Δ

(

G

)

+
3

{\chi }_{d2}^{^{\prime} }\left(G)\le \Delta \left(G)+3

if mad

(

G

)

<

8

3

\left(G)\lt \frac{8}{3}

.
Regularity and abundance on semigroups of partial transformations with invariant set
Authors: Pantarak Thapakorn , Chaiya Yanisa 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Let

P

(

X

)

P\left(X)

be a partial transformation semigroup on a non-empty set

X

X

. For a fixed non-empty subset

Y

Y

of

X

X

, let

P
T

¯

(

X
,
Y

)

=

{

α
∈
P

(

X

)

∣

(

dom

α
∩
Y

)

α
⊆
Y

}

.

\overline{PT}\left(X,Y)=\left\{\alpha \in P\left(X)| \left({\rm{dom}}\hspace{0.33em}\alpha \cap Y)\alpha \subseteq Y\right\}.

Then,

P
T

¯

(

X
,
Y

)

\overline{PT}\left(X,Y)

consists of all the mapping in

P

(

X

)

P\left(X)

that leave

Y
⊆
X

Y\subseteq X

as an invariant. It is a generalization of

P

(

X

)

P\left(X)

since

P
T

¯

(

X
,
X

)

=
P

(

X

)

\overline{PT}\left(X,X)=P\left(X)

. In this article, we present the necessary and sufficient conditions for elements of

P
T

¯

(

X
,
Y

)

\overline{PT}\left(X,Y)

to be regular, left regular, and right regular. The results are used to describe the relationships between these elements and determine their number when

X

X

is a finite set. Moreover, we show that

P
T

¯

(

X
,
Y

)

\overline{PT}\left(X,Y)

is always abundant.
Prognostic potential of m7G-associated lncRNA signature in predicting bladder cancer response to immunotherapy and chemotherapy
Authors: Li Deng-xiong , Wu Rui-cheng , Wang Jie , Feng De-chao , Deng Shi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Objectives
The influence of N7-methylguanosine (m7G) on cancer prognosis and immune response has been well-reported. However, the role of m7G-related long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in bladder cancer (BC) remains largely unexplored. This study wanted to explore the relationship between m7G-related lncRNAs and BC.

Methods
To construct the m7G-related lncRNA signature, we utilized data obtained from TCGA. The collected data was then analyzed using R (version 4.2.1, Bell Laboratories, Boston, USA) and relevant packages.

Results
The m7G-related lncRNA signature consisted of seven lncRNAs (including GATA3-AS1, LINC00930, LINC01341, MED14OS, MIR100HG, RUSC1-AS1, SNHG4). The prognostic and clinical relevance of the risk score was corroborated in both the TCGA and IMvigor210 datasets. Individuals characterized by a high-risk score displayed substantial enrichment in pathways associated with immunity, notably those pertaining to the innate immune response, cytokine-mediated signaling pathways, and the adaptive immune system. Additionally, the high-risk score group showed a positive correlation with many immune checkpoints, including CD274, CD40, CTLA4, PDCD1, PDCD1LG2, among others. Moreover, a significant difference in the TCIA score was observed between the high-risk and low-risk score groups, indicating the potential distinct immunotherapy response rates. Furthermore, patients with a high-risk score demonstrated increased sensitivity to cisplatin, docetaxel, doxorubicin, gemcitabine, and vinblastine.

Conclusions
This m7G-related lncRNA signature demonstrates considerable promise as a prognostic biomarker in BC, facilitating the anticipation of responses to both immunotherapy and chemotherapy. This study provides a solid foundation for future investigations into the role of m7G-related lncRNAs in BC.
NAN342K Mutation Enhances the Pathogenicity of Influenza B Virus in Mice
Authors: Chen Qi , Xu Xiaohao , Tan Min , Yang Lei , Wang Dayan , Shu Yuelong , Zhu Wenfei 
Published: November 2023

Objective:
Influenza B virus is a significant respiratory pathogen responsible for seasonal influenza. In recent years the B/Yamagata lineage has demonstrated a rapid increase, predominantly featuring the neuraminidase (NA)N342K mutation. This study determined the impact of the NAN342K mutation on the pathogenicity of influenza B virus and elucidate the underlying mechanisms.

Methods:
Gene fragments with specific mutations were generated using site-directed mutagenesis PCR, resulting in recombinant viruses (rAH127 and rAH127/NAN342K). C57BL/6 mice were infected to evaluate the impact of amino acid mutations on virus pathogenicity. Body weight, survival rate, virus replication, and lung pathology were compared among the groups. NA enzyme activity was assessed to determine the mechanisms underlying the effects of amino acid mutations on the pathogenicity of influenza B virus.

Results:
The NAN342K mutant virus exhibited significantly increased NA enzyme activity (3.19-fold) and viral replication capacity in MDCK cells (6.76-fold) compared to wild-type virus. These changes led to enhanced pathogenicity in mice, characterized by severe weight loss, increased mortality, and heightened lung tissue inflammation.

Conclusions:
The NAN342K mutation likely enhances virus replication and pathogenicity by increasing NA enzyme activity. These findings contribute to understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying influenza B virus pathogenicity and have implications for targeted therapeutic strategies.
Technological innovations and their impact on higher economic skills and studies: realities and perspectives
Authors: Pisaniuc Maia 
Published: November 2023

Lately, innovation has become an inevitable notion in all fields of activity, innovation based on technology, on products, on processes, innovation in the behavioural approach. The beneficial effects of innovation are undeniable, but few studies have investigated this phenomenon, particularly in terms of the skills it requires, the labour market, how it will affect economic specialities and the number of specialists in this field.
The aim of this article is to study the effect of innovation on the training of economic specialists and the skills required. How the structure of specialisations will change, the number of specialists needed on the labour market will change, as a result of digitisation and IT-based business models.
Research methods: comparative analysis of the skills required by employers compared to those currently provided, deduction of future needs in relation to future professions, modelling of the scenario of existence of future universities.
As a result of the research we propose to identify the future specialties with an economic profile as a result of the application of information technologies with an economic profile, the required competences, the most effective study/learning methods, the determination of the university/economic studies in the futu
re.
A Profile of Primary School Students’ Literacy Through EMI in CLIL Contexts
Authors: Rachmajanti Sri , Anugerahwati Mirjam , Unsiah Frida 
Published: November 2023

For several years, the competence of students in Indonesia has always been recorded as very low. In PISA, Indonesia ranks at the 3rd or 4th lowest position, especially in Reading, Mathematics, and Science. This condition has, of course, raised the concerns of educators in Indonesia, and some schools then decided to implement an international curriculum along with the 2013 Curriculum. With the international curriculum, students are required to have very good literacy, to comprehend the texts and questions they work on. This also entails teaching them with teaching strategies which, besides developing their language competence, also enhance their critical thinking skills. This paper reports some ways in which EMI and CLIL can develop primary school students’ English proficiency, literacy, and critical thinking skills. Data were taken from some Primary Schools which implement the synergy of national and international standard curricula, particularly from the scores of the students on two tests. Focus is given to the students’ English proficiency and literacy.
Analysis of the Oil Distribution and Flooding Characteristics of Shale Oil Reservoirs Using NMR and Microfluidic Experiments
Authors: Fuwei Yu , Mingyue Cui , Xin Chang , Fei Xu , Hanqiao Jiang , Junjian Li 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Gulong shale oil reservoir in the Daqing Oilfield of China is characterized by well-developed fracture bedding planes. Studying the distribution and evolution of Gulong shale oil, specifically the size of oil-bearing pores, the content of oil in organic and inorganic pores, and the evolution of oil distribution during gas displacement, can aid in the development of shale oil. To this end, this study employed T1-T2 NMR spectra for the aforementioned investigations. A Gulong shale core is tested in this experiment. NMR T1-T2 and T2 spectral scans are conducted on the cores in both before and after it saturated with oil. Then gas displacement experiments are conducted, and NMR scans are taken. The oil distributions in the organic and inorganic pores are characterized using the T1-T2 spectra. The evolution of oil distribution under gas displacement in the shale cores is characterized by NMR T2 spectra. The T1-T2 spectra results revealed that the oil in both organic and inorganic pores was distributed in two distinct regions with different T2 value intervals. The oil in the organic pores consisted of residual heavy oil components and saturated oil, and they were distributed in a small T2 value interval and different T1/T2 value interval. On the other hand, the oil in the inorganic pores was primarily composed of saturated oil. Mobile oil was observed in the inorganic pores and was distributed in the largest T2 value interval among all oil phases. Additionally, the T2 spectra further revealed the displacement efficiency of different pores in shale core. Furthermore, Micromodel flooding and imbibition experiments have been conducted to study the flow dynamics of water in porous, which demonstrated the high recovery of water flooding for nanopores in shale oil reservoirs.
Enhanced Efficiency of Rna-guided Cas12a Versus Cas9 Transgene Knock-in and Activity at a Schistosoma Mansoni Genome Safe Harbor
Authors: Ittiprasert Wannaporn , Moescheid Max , Wisitphongpun Prapakorn , Mann Victoria , Quack Thormas , Grevelding Christoph , Grunau Christoph , Brindley Paul 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Recently, we reported programmed Cas9 mediated insertion of a reporter gene into a gene safe harbor site, GSH1, of Schistosoma mansoni via homology-directed repair (HDR) using overlapping guide RNAs. Here, we report efficient and precise CRISPR/Cas12a-mediated homology directed insertion (knockin, KI) of a 5’ C6-PEG10-modified double-stranded transgene bearing microhomology arms, 50 nt in length, at GSH1. At the outset, we undertook bioinformatic and computational analysis following by experimental verification of the regulatory activity of endogenous schistosome ubiquitin (SmUbi) promoter and terminator, to drive strong reporter gene expression. Green fluorescent protein activity driven by SmUbi followed electroporation-mediated transfection of schistosome eggs. HDR induced by RNA-guided CRISPR/Cas12a, which releases overhanging DNA strands of 18-24, delivered more efficient KI than CRISPR/Cas9. In this non-model pathogen, programmed KI facilitated precise chromosomal integration of the reporter-gene with at GSH1. The approach advances schistosome transgenesis field and may also advance functional genomics and transfection methods in related parasitic and non-parasitic helminths, which hitherto lack these tools.