bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stretchable surface electromyography electrode array patch for tendon location and muscle injury prevention
Authors: Yang Shuaijian , Cheng Jinhao , Shang Jin , Hang Chen , Qi Jie , Zhong Leni , Rao Qingyan , He Lei , Liu Chenqi , Ding Li , Zhang Mingming , Chakrabarty Samit , Jiang Xingyu 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSurface electromyography (sEMG) can provide multiplexed information about muscle performance. If current sEMG electrodes are stretchable, arrayed, and able to be used multiple times, they would offer adequate high-quality data for continuous monitoring. The lack of these properties delays the widespread use of sEMG in clinics and in everyday life. Here, we address these constraints by design of an adhesive dry electrode using tannic acid, polyvinyl alcohol, and PEDOT:PSS (TPP). The TPP electrode offers superior stretchability (~200%) and adhesiveness (0.58 N/cm) compared to current electrodes, ensuring stable and long-term contact with the skin for recording (>20 dB; >5 days). In addition, we developed a metal-polymer electrode array patch (MEAP) comprising liquid metal (LM) circuits and TPP electrodes. The MEAP demonstrated better conformability than commercial arrays, resulting in higher signal-to-noise ratio and more stable recordings during muscle movements. Manufactured using scalable screen-printing, these MEAPs feature a completely stretchable material and array architecture, enabling real-time monitoring of muscle stress, fatigue, and tendon displacement. Their potential to reduce muscle and tendon injuries and enhance performance in daily exercise and professional sports holds great promise.
Miniature spatial transcriptomics for studying parasite-endosymbiont relationships at the micro scale
Authors: Sounart Hailey , Voronin Denis , Masarapu Yuvarani , Chung Matthew , Saarenpää Sami , Ghedin Elodie , Giacomello Stefania 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSeveral important human infectious diseases are caused by microscale-sized parasitic nematodes like filarial worms. Filarial worms have their own spatial tissue organization; to uncover this tissue structure, we need methods that can spatially resolve these miniature specimens. Most filarial worms evolved a mutualistic association with endosymbiotic bacteria Wolbachia. However, the mechanisms underlying the dependency of filarial worms on the fitness of these bacteria remain unknown. As Wolbachia is essential for the development, reproduction, and survival of filarial worms, we spatially explored how Wolbachia interacts with the worm’s reproductive system by performing a spatial characterization using Spatial Transcriptomics (ST) across a posterior region containing reproductive tissue and developing embryos of adult female Brugia malayi worms. We provide a proof-of-concept for miniature-ST to explore spatial gene expression patterns in small sample types, demonstrating the method’s ability to uncover nuanced tissue region expression patterns, observe the spatial localization of key B. malayi - Wolbachia pathway genes, and co-localize the B. malayi spatial transcriptome in Wolbachia tissue regions, also under antibiotic treatment. We envision our approach will open up new avenues for the study of infectious diseases caused by micro-scale parasitic worms.
Cryptic susceptibility to penicillin/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations in emerging multidrug-resistant, hospital-adapted Staphylococcus epidermidis lineages
Authors: Ba Xiaoliang , Raisen Claire L. , Restif Olivier , Cavaco Lina Maria , Vingsbo Lundberg Carina , Lee Jean Y. H. , Howden Benjamin P. , Bartels Mette D. , Strommenger Birgit , Harrison Ewan M. , Larsen Anders Rhod , Holmes Mark A. , Larsen Jesper 
Published: October 2023

AbstractGlobal spread of multidrug-resistant, hospital-adapted Staphylococcus epidermidis lineages underscores the need for new therapeutic strategies. Here we show that many S. epidermidis isolates belonging to these lineages display cryptic susceptibility to penicillin/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations under in vitro conditions, despite carrying the methicillin resistance gene mecA. Using a mouse thigh model of S. epidermidis infection, we demonstrate that single-dose treatment with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid significantly reduces methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis loads without leading to detectable resistance development. On the other hand, we also show that methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis is capable of developing increased resistance to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid during long-term in vitro exposure to these drugs. These findings suggest that penicillin/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations could be a promising therapeutic candidate for treatment of a high proportion of methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis infections, although the in vivo risk of resistance development needs to be further addressed before they can be incorporated into clinical trials.
Metasurface enabled broadband all optical edge detection in visible frequencies
Authors: Tanriover Ibrahim , Dereshgi Sina Abedini , Aydin Koray 
Published: October 2023

AbstractImage processing is of fundamental importance for numerous modern technologies. In recent years, due to increasing demand for real-time and continuous data processing, metamaterial and metasurface based all-optical computation techniques emerged as a promising alternative to digital computation. Most of the pioneer research focused on all-optical edge detection as a fundamental step of image processing. Metasurfaces have been shown to enable real time edge detection with low to no power consumption. However, the previous demonstrations were subjected to the several limitations such as need for oblique-incidence, polarization dependence, need for additional polarizers, narrow operation bandwidth, being limited with processing in 1D, operation with coherent light only, and requiring digital post-processing. Here, we propose and experimentally demonstrate 2D isotropic, polarization-independent, broadband edge detection with high transmission efficiency under both coherent and incoherent illumination along the visible frequency range using a metasurface based on Fourier optics principles.
Apparent symmetry rising induced by crystallization inhibition in ternary co-crystallization-driven self-assembly
Authors: Xie Siyu , Sun Wenjia , Sun Junliang , Wan Xinhua , Zhang Jie 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe concept of apparent symmetry rising, opposite to symmetry breaking, was proposed to illustrate the unusual phenomenon that the symmetry of the apparent morphology of the multiply twinned particle is higher than that of its crystal structure. We developed a unique strategy of co-crystallization-driven self-assembly of amphiphilic block copolymers PEO-b-PS and the inorganic cluster silicotungstic acid to achieve apparent symmetry rising of nanoparticles under mild conditions. The triangular nanoplates triply twinned by orthogonal crystals (low symmetry) have an additional triple symmetry (high symmetry). The appropriate crystallization inhibition of short solvophilic segments of the block copolymers favors the oriented attachment of homogeneous domains of hybrid nanoribbons, and consequently forms kinetic-controlled triangular nanoplates with twin grain boundaries.
Oligodendrocyte dynamics dictate cognitive performance outcomes of working memory training in mice
Authors: Shimizu Takahiro , Nayar Stuart G. , Swire Matthew , Jiang Yi , Grist Matthew , Kaller Malte , Sampaio Baptista Cassandra , Bannerman David M. , Johansen-Berg Heidi , Ogasawara Katsutoshi , Tohyama Koujiro , Li Huiliang , Richardson William D. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPrevious work has shown that motor skill learning stimulates and requires generation of myelinating oligodendrocytes (OLs) from their precursor cells (OLPs) in the brains of adult mice. In the present study we ask whether OL production is also required for non-motor learning and cognition, using T-maze and radial-arm-maze tasks that tax spatial working memory. We find that maze training stimulates OLP proliferation and OL production in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), anterior corpus callosum (genu), dorsal thalamus and hippocampal formation of adult male mice; myelin sheath formation is also stimulated in the genu. Genetic blockade of OL differentiation and neo-myelination inMyrfconditional-knockout mice strongly impairs training-induced improvements in maze performance. We find a strong positive correlation between the performance of individual wild type mice and the scale of OLP proliferation and OL generation during training, but not with the number or intensity of c-Fos+neurons in their mPFC, underscoring the important role played by OL lineage cells in cognitive processing.
Glia instruct axon regeneration via a ternary modulation of neuronal calcium channels in Drosophila
Authors: Trombley Shannon , Powell Jackson , Guttipatti Pavithran , Matamoros Andrew , Lin Xiaohui , O’Harrow Tristan , Steinschaden Tobias , Miles Leann , Wang Qin , Wang Shuchao , Qiu Jingyun , Li Qingyang , Li Feng , Song Yuanquan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA neuron’s regenerative capacity is governed by its intrinsic and extrinsic environment. Both peripheral and central neurons exhibit cell-type-dependent axon regeneration, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. Glia provide a milieu essential for regeneration. However, the routes of glia-neuron signaling remain underexplored. Here, we show that regeneration specificity is determined by the axotomy-induced Ca2+ transients only in the fly regenerative neurons, which is mediated by L-type calcium channels, constituting the core intrinsic machinery. Peripheral glia regulate axon regeneration via a three-layered and balanced modulation. Glia-derived tumor necrosis factor acts through its neuronal receptor to maintain calcium channel expression after injury. Glia sustain calcium channel opening by enhancing membrane hyperpolarization via the inwardly-rectifying potassium channel (Irk1). Glia also release adenosine which signals through neuronal adenosine receptor (AdoR) to activate HCN channels (Ih) and dampen Ca2+ transients. Together, we identify a multifaceted glia-neuron coupling which can be hijacked to promote neural repair.
KDM2B regulates hippocampal morphogenesis by transcriptionally silencing Wnt signaling in neural progenitors
Authors: Zhang Bo , Zhao Chen , Shen Wenchen , Li Wei , Zheng Yue , Kong Xiangfei , Wang Junbao , Wu Xudong , Zeng Tao , Liu Ying , Zhou Yan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe hippocampus plays major roles in learning and memory, and its formation requires precise coordination of patterning, cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration. Here we removed the chromatin-association capability of KDM2B in the progenitors of developing dorsal telencephalon (Kdm2b∆CxxC) to discover thatKdm2b∆CxxChippocampus, particularly the dentate gyrus, became drastically smaller with disorganized cellular components and structure.Kdm2b∆CxxCmice display prominent defects in spatial memory, motor learning and fear conditioning, resembling patients withKDM2Bmutations. The migration and differentiation of neural progenitor cells is greatly impeded in the developingKdm2b∆CxxChippocampus. Mechanism studies reveal that Wnt signaling genes in developingKdm2b∆CxxChippocampi are de-repressed due to reduced enrichment of repressive histone marks by polycomb repressive complexes. Activating the Wnt signaling disturbs hippocampal neurogenesis, recapitulating the effect of KDM2B loss. Together, we unveil a previously unappreciated gene repressive program mediated by KDM2B that controls progressive fate specifications and cell migration, hence morphogenesis of the hippocampus.
A robust yeast biocontainment system with two-layered regulation switch dependent on unnatural amino acid
Authors: Chang Tiantian , Ding Weichao , Yan Shirui , Wang Yun , Zhang Haoling , Zhang Yu , Ping Zhi , Zhang Huiming , Huang Yijian , Zhang Jiahui , Wang Dan , Zhang Wenwei , Xu Xun , Shen Yue , Fu Xian 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSynthetic auxotrophy in which cell viability depends on the presence of an unnatural amino acid (unAA) provides a powerful strategy to restrict unwanted propagation of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in open environments and potentially prevent industrial espionage. Here, we describe a generic approach for robust biocontainment of budding yeast dependent on unAA. By understanding escape mechanisms, we specifically optimize our strategies by introducing designed “immunity” to the generation of amber-suppressor tRNAs and developing the transcriptional- and translational-based biocontainment switch. We further develop a fitness-oriented screening method to easily obtain multiplex safeguard strains that exhibit robust growth and undetectable escape frequency (<~10−9) on solid media for 14 days. Finally, we show that employing our multiplex safeguard system could restrict the proliferation of strains of interest in a real fermentation scenario, highlighting the great potential of our yeast biocontainment strategy to protect the industrial proprietary strains.
Native microbiome dominates over host factors in shaping the probiotic genetic evolution in the gut
Authors: Jiang Shuaiming , Zhang Chengcheng , Han Zhe , Ma Wenyao , Wang Shunhe , Huo Dongxue , Cui Weipeng , Zhai Qixiao , Huang Shi , Zhang Jiachao 
Published: October 2023

AbstractProbiotics often acquire potentially adaptive mutations in vivo, gaining new functional traits through gut selection. While both the host and microbiome can contribute to probiotics’ genetic evolution, separating the microbiome and the host’s contribution to such selective pressures remains challenging. Here, we introduced germ-free (GF) and specific pathogen-free (SPF) mouse models to track how probiotic strains, i.e., Lactiplantibacillus plantarum HNU082 (Lp082) and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis V9 (BV9), genetically evolved under selection pressures derived from host factors alone and both host and microbial ecological factors. Notably, compared to the genome of a probiotic strain before consumption, the host only elicited <15 probiotic mutations in probiotic genomes that emerged in the luminal environment of GF mice, while a total of 840 mutations in Lp082 mutants and 21,579 mutations in BV9 were found in SPF mice, <0.25% of those derived from both factors that were never captured by other experimental evolution studies, indicating that keen microbial competitions exhibited the predominant evolutionary force in shaping probiotic genetic composition (>99.75%). For a given probiotic, functional genes occurring in potentially adaptive mutations induced by hosts (GF mice) were all shared with those found in mutants of SPF mice. Collectively, the native microbiome consistently drove a more rapid and divergent genetic evolution of probiotic strains in seven days of colonization than host factors did. Our study further laid a theoretical foundation for genetically engineering probiotics for better gut adaptation through in vitro artificial gut ecosystems without the selection pressures derived from host factors.
The best thermoelectrics revisited in the quantum limit
Authors: Ding Sifan , Chen Xiaobin , Xu Yong , Duan Wenhui 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe classical problem of best thermoelectrics, which was believed originally solved by Mahan and Sofo [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93, 7436 (1996)], is revisited and discussed in the quantum limit. We express the thermoelectric figure of merit (zT) as a functional of electronic transmission probability $${{{\mathcal{T}}}}$$
T
by the Landauer–Büttiker formalism, which is able to deal with thermoelectric transport ranging from ballistic to diffusive regimes. We also propose to apply the calculus of variations to search for the optimal $${{{\mathcal{T}}}}$$
T
giving the maximal zT. Our study reveals that the optimal transmission probability $${{{\mathcal{T}}}}$$
T
is a boxcar function instead of a delta function proposed by Mahan and Sofo, leading to zT exceeding the well-known Mahan–Sofo limit. Furthermore, we suggest realizing the optimal $${{{\mathcal{T}}}}$$
T
in topological material systems. Our work defines the theoretical upper limit for quantum thermoelectrics, which is of fundamental significance to the future development of thermoelectrics.
High-throughput deformation potential and electrical transport calculations
Authors: Jin Yeqing , Wang Xiangdong , Yao Mingjia , Qiu Di , Singh David J. , Xi Jinyang , Yang Jiong , Xi Lili 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe deformation potential plays an important role in electrical transport properties, but in the context of high-throughput searches requires a consistent and readily computable reference level. Here, we design a high-throughput method for calculating the deformation potential for semiconductors in the MatHub-3d database. The deformation potential is obtained from the volume-dependent band edge (valence band maximum and conduction band minimum) variations with respect to the reference level. In order to adapt the calculation of reference level to a high-throughput manner, the average value of the first valence electron energy band associated with each compound is used as the reference level. Deformation potentials for 11,993 materials are calculated using the above-mentioned method. By considering the calculated deformation potentials, electronic structures, and bulk moduli, 9957 compounds with converged electrical transport properties are obtained. 332 promising p-type thermoelectric materials, and 321 n-type entries are then proposed. Among them, 156 compounds are screened to having both potentially good n- and p-type thermoelectric transport properties. The band structures and chemical bonding information for several typical compounds are further presented to reveal favorable band and bonding features for thermoelectrics.
Exploring high thermal conductivity polymers via interpretable machine learning with physical descriptors
Authors: Huang Xiang , Ma Shengluo , Zhao C. Y. , Wang Hong , Ju Shenghong 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe efficient and economical exploitation of polymers with high thermal conductivity (TC) is essential to solve the issue of heat dissipation in organic devices. Currently, the experimental preparation of functional polymers with high TC remains a trial-and-error process due to the multi-degrees of freedom during the synthesis and characterization process. Polymer informatics equips machine learning (ML) as a powerful engine for the efficient design of polymers with desired properties. However, available polymer TC databases are rare, and establishing appropriate polymer representation is still challenging. In this work, we propose a high-throughput screening framework for polymer chains with high TC via interpretable ML and physical feature engineering. The hierarchical down-selection process stepwise optimizes the 320 initial physical descriptors to the final 20 dimensions and then assists the ML models to achieve a prediction accuracyR2over 0.80, which is superior to traditional graph descriptors. Further, we analyze the contribution of the individual descriptors to TC and derive the explicit equation for TC prediction using symbolic regression. The high TC polymer structures are mostly π-conjugated, whose overlapping p-orbitals enable easy maintenance of strong chain stiffness and large group velocities. Ultimately, we establish the connections between the individual chains and the amorphous state of polymers. Polymer chains with high TC have strong intra-chain interactions, and their corresponding amorphous systems are favorable for obtaining a large radius of gyration and causing enhanced thermal transport. The proposed data-driven framework should facilitate the theoretical and experimental design of polymers with desirable properties.
Investigating molybdenum’s sulphur scavenging ability for MoS2 formation in preventing pitting corrosion of stainless steels
Authors: Kuah Kai Xiang , Blackwood Daniel J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe addition of Mo enhances pitting corrosion resistance in 304L stainless steel. However, there is no consensus on the underlying mechanism. One possible explanation is that molybdenum converts sulfide to stable MoS2. This study investigates the effect of MoS2 inclusion on the corrosion of 304L stainless steel by introducing both MnS and MoS2 using spark plasma sintering. The reduction of MoS2 to Mo is observed during the sintering process, contradicting the assumption that the sulfide inclusions can be stabilised by forming MoS2. Therefore, MoS2 formation cannot explain the improved corrosion resistance of 304L stainless steel with the addition of Mo.
Clinical inertia in asthma
Authors: Fukuda Yosuke , Homma Tetsuya , Sagara Hironori 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDespite advances in pharmaceutical treatment in recent years, a relatively high proportion of patients with asthma do not have adequate asthma control, causing chronic disability, poor quality of life, and multiple emergency department visits and hospitalizations. A multifaceted approach is needed to overcome the problems with managing asthma, and clinical inertia (CI) is a crucial concept to assist with this approach. It divides clinical inertia into three main categories, which include healthcare provider-related, patient-related, and healthcare system-related CI. The strategies to overcome these CI are complex, and the M-GAP approach, which combines a multidisciplinary approach, dissemination of guidelines, utilization of applications, and development and promotion of low-cost prescriptions, will help clinicians.
Requirements for a processing-node quantum repeater on a real-world fiber grid
Authors: Avis Guus , Ferreira da Silva Francisco , Coopmans Tim , Dahlberg Axel , Jirovská Hana , Maier David , Rabbie Julian , Torres-Knoop Ariana , Wehner Stephanie 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe numerically study the distribution of entanglement between the Dutch cities of Delft and Eindhoven realized with a processing-node quantum repeater and determine minimal hardware requirements for verifiable blind quantum computation using color centers and trapped ions. Our results are obtained considering restrictions imposed by a real-world fiber grid and using detailed hardware-specific models. By comparing our results to those we would obtain in idealized settings, we show that simplifications lead to a distorted picture of hardware demands, particularly on memory coherence and photon collection. We develop general machinery suitable for studying arbitrary processing-node repeater chains using NetSquid, a discrete-event simulator for quantum networks. This enables us to include time-dependent noise models and simulate repeater protocols with cut-offs, including the required classical control communication. We find minimal hardware requirements by solving an optimization problem using genetic algorithms on a high-performance-computing cluster. Our work provides guidance for further experimental progress, and showcases limitations of studying quantum-repeater requirements in idealized situations.