bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and safety of narrowband ultraviolet B versus combined ultraviolet A/narrowband ultraviolet B phototherapy in the treatment of chronic atopic dermatitis: A randomised double‐blind study
Authors: Lee Rayson Rui Sheng , Cai Sophie Carrie‐Shan , Wong Yisheng , Yew Yik Weng , Oon Hazel H. , Chong Wei‐Sheng , Tey Hong Liang , Tan Eugene Sern‐Ting 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPhototherapy is a useful treatment modality for atopic dermatitis (AD). This is a prospective randomised double‐blind study comparing the clinical efficacy of combined ultraviolet‐A (UVA)/narrowband ultraviolet‐B (NBUVB) versus NBUVB phototherapy in the treatment of chronic AD. Patients with moderate‐to‐severe AD were randomised to receive either UVA/NBUVB or NBUVB phototherapy twice weekly over 12 weeks. At baseline, weeks 6 and 12, Eczema Area And Severity Index (EASI), itch score and adverse effects were assessed. At baseline and week 12, disease‐related quality of life was evaluated using the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI). Nine patients were randomised to receive UVA/NBUVB and 10 received NBUVB. At week 12, both groups showed significant improvement in EASI and itch scores (p < 0.05). Significant improvement in DLQI was seen in the UVA/NBUVB arm (p = 0.009) with a trend towards improvement in the NBUVB arm (p = 0.11). The efficacy of both modalities were comparable, as were reported adverse effects aside from skin dryness which was higher in the NBUVB arm (40% vs. 0%, p = 0.033). Combined UVA/NBUVB and NBUVB phototherapy have comparable clinical efficacy and safety in the treatment of chronic AD. NBUVB may induce greater skin dryness.
Assessment of the floodplain fishery of Tonle Sap Lake in Cambodia
Authors: Thapa Jyoti , English Megan , Ou Chouly , Lanoue Julia , Walker Richard H. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAcross the globe, fish stocks have been in decline due to industrialization of fisheries resources, overfishing, pollution, and climate change, thereby warranting more fisheries assessments. The floodplain fishery of Tonle Sap Lake near the Kampong Khleang stilted community in the Chamkar Youn village in Cambodia was evaluated by: (1) characterizing fish assemblage structure and function, (2) highlighting temporal differences in fish assemblage, and (3) assessing potential indicators of fishing‐down‐the‐food‐web by the fishery. Fish trap data from the wet season were used to characterize fish abundance, diversity, species richness, and functional feeding guilds from fish catches in 2014 and 2019. Fish abundance declined 62% and species richness declined between 2014 and 2019. Smaller‐bodied, lower‐trophic level fishes dominated the catch. Our limited findings add insight into the status of a globally important fishery and highlight the need for more local collaborative fishery assessments.
Biomass yield potential on U.S. marginal land and its contribution to reach net‐zero emission
Authors: He Yufeng , Jaiswal Deepak , Long Stephen P. , Liang Xin‐Zhong , Matthews Megan L. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBioenergy with carbon capture and geological storage (BECCS) is considered one of the top options for both offsetting CO2 emissions and removing atmospheric CO2. BECCS requires using limited land resources efficiently while ensuring minimal adverse impacts on the delicate food‐energy‐water nexus. Perennial C4 biomass crops are productive on marginal land under low‐input conditions avoiding conflict with food and feed crops. The eastern half of the contiguous U.S. contains a large amount of marginal land, which is not economically viable for food production and liable to wind and water erosion under annual cultivation. However, this land is suitable for geological CO2 storage and perennial crop growth. Given the climate variation across the region, three perennials are major contenders for planting. The yield potential and stability of Miscanthus, switchgrass, and energycane across the region were compared to select which would perform best under the recent (2000–2014) and future (2036–2050) climates. Miscanthus performed best in the Midwest, switchgrass in the Northeast and energycane in the Southeast. On average, Miscanthus yield decreased from present 19.1 t/ha to future 16.8 t/ha; switchgrass yield from 3.5 to 2.4 t/ha; and energycane yield increased from 14 to 15 t/ha. Future yield stability decreased in the region with higher predicted drought stress. Combined, these crops could produce 0.6–0.62 billion tonnes biomass per year for the present and future. Using the biomass for power generation with CCS would capture 703–726 million tonnes of atmospheric CO2 per year, which would offset about 11% of current total U.S. emission. Further, this biomass approximates the net primary CO2 productivity of two times the current baseline productivity of existing vegetation, suggesting a huge potential for BECCS. Beyond BECCS, C4 perennial grasses could also increase soil carbon and provide biomass for emerging industries developing replacements for non‐renewable products including plastics and building materials.
Concordance between metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Suzuki Keito , Tamaki Nobuharu , Kurosaki Masayuki , Takahashi Yuka , Yamazaki Yudai , Uchihara Naoki , Tanaka Yuki , Miyamoto Haruka , Yamada Michiko , Keitoku Taisei , Okada Risa , Higuchi Mayu , Takaura Kenta , Tanaka Shohei , Maeyashiki Chiaki , Yasui Yutaka , Tsuchiya Kaoru , Nakanishi Hiroyuki , Izumi Namiki 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAimA multisociety consensus group proposed a new nomenclature for metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Although patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are expected to be reclassified as patients with MASLD under the new nomenclature, the concordance between MASLD and NAFLD remains unclear. Moreover, waist circumference could be adjusted by ethnicity for diagnosing MASLD; however, there are limited data on the optimal waist circumference in the Japanese population.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was conducted on 3709 Japanese patients with NAFLD. The primary endpoint was the prevalence of MASLD in patients with NAFLD. The difference between the original waist circumference criteria (>94 cm for men and >80 cm for women) and the Japanese metabolic syndrome criteria (≥85 cm for men and ≥90 cm for women) for concordance between NAFLD and MASLD was also investigated.ResultsAccording to the original criteria, the prevalence of MASLD in patients with NAFLD was 96.7%. Similarly, according to the Japanese waist circumference criteria, 96.2% of patients with NAFLD could be reclassified as those with MASLD. The concordance rate was significantly higher in the original criteria than in the Japanese criteria (p = 0.02).ConclusionsNAFLD could be considered MASLD using the original MASLD criteria in the Japanese population, and insights from NAFLD research could be applied to MASLD.
The psychosocial beliefs, experiences and expectations of children living with obesity
Authors: Newson Lisa , Sides Nicola , Rashidi Amineh 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundChildhood obesity has been shown to impair psychological health. However, psychological factors are often overlooked in both research evaluations and treatment interventions, and children's perspectives on managing obesity are underexplored. Neglecting psychosocial factors might undermine interventions. This research explored the psychological beliefs, expectations and experiences of children living with obesity (range 7–13) and attending a weight management programme (WMP).MethodsThirty‐four participants (19 females, 15 males, average age 9.5 years) completed a semistructured interview. Recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsFour overarching themes were developed: (1) defining health and self‐recognition; (2) external influence; feedback, stigma and comparison; (3) recognising emotions and (4) future expectations: obesity is a reality. These themes interact to influence the children's psychosocial status.ConclusionsThis study highlights a range of psychosocial and emotional difficulties that children living with obesity experience and suggests that these remain regardless of their attendance at a WMP. Interventions for children living with obesity should address psychosocial factors, including stress management, peer victimisation and handling feedback from others.Patient or Public ContributionAs proposed by the two young people acting as patient and public involvement and engagement representatives, the utilisation of scrapbooks as a preinterview tool was particularly helpful in aiding discussion during the interviews. This innovative approach could be considered a valuable methodological technique for investigating sensitive topics with children in future research.
Rapid assessment of the dependence of flexural elastic modulus on temperature through in‐situ image analysis
Authors: Li Junfeng , Ma Delong , Bao Yiwang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to develop a method for rapid and precise measurement of the elastic modulus at high temperatures. High‐temperature in‐situ microscopy was used in conjunction with a testing apparatus to measure the deformation of a specimen in three‐point bending test. The bending deflection was determined in situ by measuring the relative change between the test point on the specimen and a fixed reference point. The deflection was correlated with the elastic modulus to obtain the dependence of the elastic modulus on temperature. The ratio between high‐ and room‐temperature deflection of the bending beam was measured using the relative method and image analysis, with an identical scene and focal length for each photograph and a resolution of less than 1 µm. The deflection ratio was then converted into the ratio between high‐ and room‐temperature elastic modulus, enabling the high‐temperature modulus to be quickly derived. The experiments were performed on a sample made of silicon carbide fiber braided layered composite. The results showed that the elastic modulus changed little within 1100°C, remaining between 80 and 84 GPa. Contrarily, constant‐load tests indicated that the creep of this material was noticeable, making it difficult to obtain reliable elastic modulus.
Fabrication and properties of monolayer graphene reinforced Al2O3/TiN ceramic tool material
Authors: Tian Xianhua , Sun Qihang , Yang Xiaodong , Wang Qingqing , Wang Lei , Wu Kun 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAl2O3/TiN/graphene ceramic tool materials were prepared by spark plasma sintering technology and the strengthening and toughening mechanisms were studied. The influence of monolayer graphene content on the mechanical properties and microstructure of the composite material were analyzed and the strengthening and toughening mechanisms were researched. The results showed that with an addition of .5 vol.% graphene the mechanical properties of the material reached the best. The bending strength, hardness, and fracture toughness were 624 MPa, 23.24 GPa, and 6.53 MPa·m1/2, respectively. Graphene existed in the forms of few‐layer and multilayer. The toughening mechanism of few‐layer graphene was mainly graphene breaking, and that of multilayer graphene included graphene breaking and pulling‐out. Graphene could contribute to the uniform growth of grains due to the excellent electrical conductivity and the high thermal conductivity. The addition of nano‐TiN introduced many endocrystalline structures and graphene promoted this phenomenon. Micro‐TiN grains made the crack extension show a combination of transgranular fracture, intergranular fracture, crack bridging, and crack deflection, while graphene introduced weak grain interfaces and made the crack appear more branches. The layered graphene made the material fracture change from two‐dimension to three‐dimension.
Digital nomadism as a new part of the visitor economy: The case of the “digital nomad capital”Chiang Mai, Thailand
Authors: Jiwasiddi Angtyasti , Schlagwein Daniel , Cahalane Michael , Cecez‐Kecmanovic Dubravka , Leong Carmen , Ractham Peter 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDigital nomadism allows individuals to travel worldwide while using various forms of information technology (IT) to work digitally. Places like Chiang Mai, Thailand, and Canggu, Bali/Indonesia, have gained popularity among digital nomads in the past decade. In contributing to the economies of local communities, these nomads, with their unique characteristics, are an interesting, new visitor type. Governments worldwide are starting to recognise the potential of digital nomadism to improve local visitor economies. However, the impacts of digital nomadism on local communities, their culture and economies, are not without challenges and require further understanding. Almost all existing studies on digital nomadism focus on the nomads themselves, while, in this study, we take the perspective of the locals visited by digital nomads. Using the case study of Chiang Mai, the “digital nomad capital”, we answer the following research questions: What are the impacts of digital nomadism on local communities? How do digital nomads compare to other visitor types within the visitor economy of a local community? Our findings reveal diverse socio‐cultural, economic and technological impacts and how locals in Chiang Mai evaluate digital nomads differently compared to other types of visitors. This research, grounded in an in‐depth case study, contributes to a better understanding of digital nomadism by offering new knowledge about its ambivalent impacts on local communities. We also discuss contributions to the wider literature and implications for policy.
Low expression of TGF‐β2 and matrilin2 in human aqueous humour with acute primary angle closure
Authors: Wang Liming , Xu Zhao , Hong Yaru , Liu Yan , Zhang Xiaomin , Feng Qiang , Zhang Dandan , Chen Kexi , Yiming Guli Humaer , Li Xiaorong , Liu Aihua , Dong Lijie 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPrimary angle‐closure glaucoma (PACG) is the leading cause of irreversible blindness in the world. Angle closure induced by pupil block and secondary iris synechia is the fundamental pathology of the PACG. The molecular mechanisms of angle closure have not yet been clearly illustrated. This study was designed to investigate the protein difference in the aqueous humour and explore new biomarker of the PACG. Aqueous humour (AH) was collected from patients with acute primary angle closure (APAC) and cataract (n = 10 in APAC group) and patients with cataract only (n = 10 in control group). Samples were pooled and measured using label‐free proteome technology. Then, the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were verified by ELISA using independent AH samples (n = 20 each group). More than 400 proteins were revealed in both groups through proteomics. Comparing the two groups, there were 91DEPs. These proteins participate in biological activities such as inflammation, fibrosis, nerve growth and degeneration and metabolism. We found that the expression of transforming growth factor‐β2 and matrilin2 was downregulated in the APAC group. The two proteins are related to inflammation and extracellular matrix formation, which might be involved in angle closure. This study characterized DEPs in AH of the APAC and found a downregulated protein matrilin2.
Effectiveness of lifestyle interventions/culturally bespoke programmes in South Asian ethnic groups targeting weight loss for prevention and/or remission of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of intervention trials
Authors: Farhat Grace , Mellor Duane D. , Sattar Naveed , Harvie Michelle , Issa Basil , Rutter Martin K. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundPeople from South Asian heritage are at high risk of type 2 diabetes, but there are limited specific strategies to prevent and manage this condition. The aim was to assess the effectiveness of culturally bespoke lifestyle programmes in South Asians that target weight loss for the prevention or remission of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).MethodsWe performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis of intervention trials. PubMed, Scopus, MEDLINE (EBSCOhost), CINAHL, PsycINFO and CENTRAL were searched. Human intervention trials (randomised controlled trials and quasi‐experimental) investigating the effect of lifestyle interventions on the prevention and remission of T2DM in South Asians were included. Studies including participants at risk of T2DM (prevention trials) and having the disease (remission trials) with duration ≥12 weeks were eligible. For prevention trials, the primary outcome was change in weight (kg) from baseline; for remission trials, it was decrease in HbA1c to non‐diabetic levels (HbA1c ≤ 6.5%) without diabetes medications. Prevention trials were separated into (i) lifestyle modification advice and (ii) lifestyle modification advice including a supervised physical activity programme.ResultsTwenty‐four trials were eligible (21 prevention trials and 3 remission trials). In T2DM prevention trials involving only lifestyle modification advice, the mean postintervention difference in weight between intervention and control groups was −0.65 kg (95% confidence interval [CI]: −1.04, −0.26; p = 0.01). Lifestyle modification advice including a physical activity programme was associated with greater decreases in weight: −1.13 kg (95% CI: −2.04, −0.21; p = 0.02). Fasting blood glucose levels were slightly lower in intervention groups for both intervention subtypes, although there was no significant change in HbA1c levels or 2‐h plasma glucose levels.Diabetes remission trials showed potential acceptability but were limited in number and involved a small sample size, and some did not include a control group.ConclusionsIn South Asians, lifestyle interventions for prevention of T2DM offer only modest impacts on weight and glucose control and will unlikely reduce diabetes incidence. Alternative lifestyle interventions co‐designed with members of the communities and aimed at both prevention and remission of T2DM must be urgently considered. Systematic review registration number: PROSPERO CRD42022385174 https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=385174
Prevalence of intellectual disability among adults born in the 1980s and 1990s in the United States
Authors: Benevides T. W. , Datta B. , Jaremski J. , McKee M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundPrevalence of intellectual disability (ID) is currently estimated through parent report on surveys of children. It is difficult to estimate the number of adults living with ID in the United States because no comprehensive survey or surveillance allows for identification. The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence and number of adults with ID born between 1980 and 1999 using multiple years of the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) and Census data.MethodsWe concatenated the NHIS from 1997–2016 that evaluated parental response about whether a child aged 3–17 years had an ID. Using weighted survey analyses, we estimated the prevalence of ID among individuals across four birth cohorts—(1) 1980–1984, (2) 1985–1989, (3) 1990–1994, and (4) 1995–1999. The number of adults with ID was then extrapolated by applying these prevalence rates to Census population estimates (as of 1 July 2021) of respective birth cohorts.ResultsWeighted prevalence of ID varied by birth cohort, sex, race and ethnicity, and US Census Bureau regions. The overall prevalence rate was 1.066 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.831–1.302] for adults born between 1980 and 1984, 0.772 (CI: 0.654–0.891) for adults born between 1985 and 1989, 0.774 (0.675–0.874) for adults born between 1990 and 1994, and 1.069 (CI: 0.898–1.240) for adults born between 1995 and 1999. Overall, we estimate that 818 564 adults with ID who were approximately 21–41 years were living in the United States as of 2021.ConclusionsThis study provides researchers examining adult health outcomes with an estimated denominator of young and middle‐aged adults living with ID in the United States. Policymakers can use this information to support justification for resource and service needs, and clinicians may benefit from understanding that ID is a lifelong developmental condition often with additional physical, emotional and developmental needs requiring tailored care.
Effects of virtual reality‐based cognitive interventions on cognitive function and activity of daily living among stroke patients: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Rose Sin Yi Lin , Jing Jing Su , Hammoda Abu‐Odah , Jonathan Bayuo , Ladislav Batalik , Jing Qin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAimsTo examine the effects of virtual reality‐based cognitive interventions on cognitive function and activities of daily living among stroke patients, and to identify the optimal design for such intervention.DesignSystematic review and meta‐analysis.Data SourcesMedline, EMBASE, Cochrane, CINANL, JBI‐EBP and Web of Science from inception to October 2023.MethodsMethodological quality was assessed by Risk of Bias Tool. Meta‐analyses were assessed by Review Manager 5.4. Subgroup analyses were conducted to explore the influence of study design. Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach was adopted to assess the certainty of evidence.ResultsTwenty‐five randomized controlled trials (1178 participants) were included. Virtual reality‐based cognitive interventions demonstrated moderate‐to‐large effects in improving global cognitive function (SMD = 0.43; 95% CI [0.01, 0.85]), executive function (SMD = 0.84; 95% CI [0.25, 1.43]) and memory (SMD = 0.65; 95% CI [0.15, 1.16]) compared to control treatments. No significant effects were found on language, visuospatial ability and activities of daily living. Subgroup analyses indicated one‐on‐one coaching, individualized design and dynamic difficulty adjustment, and interventions lasting ≥ 6 weeks had particularly enhanced effects, especially for executive function.ConclusionsVirtual reality‐based cognitive interventions improve global cognitive function, executive function and memory among stroke patients.Implications for the Patient CareThis review underscores the broad cognitive advantages offered by virtual technology, suggesting its potential integration into standard stroke rehabilitation protocols for enhanced cognitive recovery.ImpactThe study identifies key factors in virtual technology interventions that effectively improve cognitive function among stroke patients, offering healthcare providers a framework for leveraging such technology to optimize cognitive outcomes in stroke rehabilitation.Reporting MethodPRISMA 2020 statement.PROSPERO Registration NumberCRD42022342668.