bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Data Analytics for the Social Good
Authors: Hirsch Dennis , Bartley Timothy , Chandrasekaran Aravind , Norris Davon , Parthasarathy Srinivasan , Turner Piers Norris 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis chapter describes instances in which companies intentionally use advanced analytics and AI to serve the social good without any direct benefit to their own bottom lines. Broadly speaking, we found two types of “social good” projects. Some employed approaches to learn about, and inform individuals of, risks or opportunities to improve their lives. Others provided information to public bodies that enabled them to improve their planning efforts or efficiency, such as utilizing location data to improve evacuation planning during natural disasters or to track infectious diseases. The research suggested that companies are cognizant of the need to attend both to moral values and to the interests of a broad set of stakeholders, and of the fact that doing so can build trust and contribute to the company’s own well-being. In our study, many companies expressed a willingness to enter into beyond compliance ethical thinking in recognition of the convergence of their own business interests with the demands of trustworthy and responsible decision-making. These efforts raise interesting questions about companies’ moral obligation to pursue the public good and how companies will behave when the public and corporate good diverge.
Technical Solutions
Authors: Hirsch Dennis , Bartley Timothy , Chandrasekaran Aravind , Norris Davon , Parthasarathy Srinivasan , Turner Piers Norris 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis chapter reviews the technological solutions that organizations leverage to ensure the ethical management and downstream use of collected data for building analytic and AI models. Survey respondents discussed solutions that ranged from privacy preserving data management strategies such as differential privacy, to the use of virtualization and data lake control systems for secure access. Survey respondents also keyed in on the clear and pressing need for data and algorithmic auditing technology and systems to support ethical data governance. With respect to how such data is used ethically, respondents identified the importance of algorithmic fairness as well as model transparency as essential to help identify and also mitigate risks associated with real world modeling failures.
Activated Carbon Injection for In-Situ Remediation of Petroleum Hydrocarbons
Authors: Noland Scott , Winner Edward 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn-situ remediation of petroleum hydrocarbons (PHCs) using activated carbon (AC) is an emerging technology intended to enhance sorption and biodegradation mechanisms in soil and groundwater systems. The combination of pore types, source material, activation process, and grind of a particular AC influences its efficacy in subsurface remediation. When high-energy injection techniques are employed, installation of carbon-based injectate (CBI) slurries can be conducted in practically any geological setting, from sandy aquifers to low-permeability zones and weathered or fractured rock. Following an adequate CBI installation throughout the target treatment zone or as a permeable reactive barrier, dissolved PHC concentrations are typically observed to rapidly decrease. After a new equilibrium is formed, PHC concentrations typically decrease over time due to the biodegradation. PHC biodegradation, in association with the CBIs, is indicated by the presence of appropriate microbial communities found to grow on AC and is supported by multiple lines of evidence. Further research is encouraged to optimize the biodegradation and regeneration processes of CBI products for in-situ remediation of PHCs.
High-Resolution Characterization of the Shallow Unconsolidated Subsurface Using Direct Push, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, and Groundwater Tracing Technologies
Authors: Liu Gaisheng , Devlin John F. , Dietrich Peter , Butler James J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractGroundwater protection and contaminated site remediation efforts continue to be hampered by the difficulty in characterizing physical properties in the subsurface at a resolution that is sufficiently high for practical investigations. For example, conventional well-based field methods, such as pumping tests, have proven to be of limited effectiveness for obtaining information, such as the transmissive and storage characteristics of a formation and the rate at which groundwater flows, across different layers in a heterogeneous aquifer system. In this chapter, we describe a series of developments that are intended to improve our discipline’s capability for high-resolution characterization of subsurface conditions in shallow, unconsolidated settings. These developments include high-resolution methods for hydraulic conductivity (K) characterization based on direct push (DP) technology (e.g., DP electrical conductivity probe, DP permeameter, DP injection logger, Hydraulic Profiling Tool (HPT), and High-Resolution K tool), K and porosity characterization by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and groundwater flux characterization by monitoring the movement of thermal or chemical tracers through distributed temperature sensing (DTS) equipment or the point velocity probe (PVP). Each of these approaches is illustrated using field or laboratory examples, and a brief discussion is provided on their advantages, limitations, as well as suggestions for future developments.
High-Resolution Delineation of Petroleum NAPLs
Authors: St. Germain Randy 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPrevious chapters of this book demonstrate that a cohesive and well-supported conceptual site model (CSM) of non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL) petroleum is commonly the cornerstone of successful risk analysis and/or remediation design. It is difficult to overstate however, the extent to which the heterogeneity of source term NAPL distribution confounds one’s efforts to develop an accurate NAPL CSM. In most cases, only near-continuous measurements of NAPL in the soil are capable of adequately conceptualizing a site’s complex NAPL distribution. Continuous NAPL logging, conducted at a significant number of locations across a petroleum release site, is necessary to better comprehend the chaotic nature of the NAPL’s distribution. Applying high-resolution screening techniques sitewide is known as high-resolution site characterization (HRSC) and this chapter describes how the most commonly applied HRSC techniques can make the difficult task of logging continuously for petroleum NAPL, and its associated groundwater impacts, not only possible but fairly routine.
Diboson production in the SMEFT from gluon fusion
Authors: Rossia Alejo N. , Thomas Marion O. A. , Vryonidou Eleni 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Precision measurements of diboson production at the LHC is an important probe of the limits of the Standard Model. The gluon-fusion channel of this process offers a connection between the Higgs and top sectors. We study in a systematic way gluon-induced diboson production in the Standard Model Effective Field Theory. We compute the amplitudes of double Higgs, double Z/W and associated ZH production at one loop and with up to one insertion of a dimension-6 operator. We study their high-energy limit and identify to which operators each channel could be most sensitive. To illustrate the relevance of these processes, we perform a phenomenological study of associated ZH production. We show that for some top operators the gluon-induced channel can offer competitive sensitivity to constraints obtained from top quark production processes.
Substantial influence of psychological factors on return to sports after anterior shoulder instability surgery: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Velasquez Garcia Ausberto , Iida Naoya , Kuroiwa Tomoyuki , Hsu Kai‐Lan , de Marinis Rodrigo , Abdo Glen , Ekdahl Max 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPurposeThis systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to (1) determine the proportion of patients who underwent anterior shoulder instability surgery and did not return to sports for psychological reasons and (2) estimate differences in psychological readiness scores between patients who did and did not return to sports.MethodsThe EBSCOhost/SPORTDiscus, PubMed/Medline, Scopus, EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases were searched for relevant studies. The data synthesis included the proportion of patients who did not return to sports for psychological reasons and the mean differences in the psychological readiness of athletes who returned and those who did not return to sports. Non‐binomial data were analysed using the inverse‐variance approach and expressed as the mean difference with 95% confidence intervals.ResultsThe search yielded 700 records, of which 13 (1093 patients) were included. Fourteen psychological factors were identified as potential causes for not returning to sports. The rates of return to sports at any level or to the preinjury level were 79.3% and 61.9%, respectively. A total of 55.9% of the patients cited psychological factors as the primary reason for not returning to sports. The pooled estimate showed that patients who returned to sports had a significantly higher Shoulder Instability‐Return to Sport After Injury score (P < 0.00001) than those who did not, with a mean difference of 30.24 (95% CI 24.95–35.53; I2 = 0%; n.s.).ConclusionsPsychological factors have a substantial impact on the rate of return to sports after anterior shoulder instability surgery. Patients who returned to sports had significantly higher psychological readiness than those who did not return to sports. Based on these results, healthcare professionals should include psychological and functional measurements when assessing athletes’ readiness to return to sports.Level of evidenceLevel IV.
Mechanical and structural behavior of high-strength low-alloy steel pad welded by underwater wet welding conditions
Authors: Younes Rassim , Tomków Jacek , Idir Abdelhak , Boudjit Sarra , Bradai Mohand Amokrane 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe aim of the paper was to determine the metallurgical and mechanical behaviors of a high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steel pad-welded specimen used in the structures of industrial and naval parts. Then to predict the metallurgical consequences (nature of the phases present) and the mechanical properties (hardness and impact strength) of the pad-welded steel obtained by underwater wet welding with different heat input values. The XRD patterns clearly reveal a ferritic alpha steel S460N for both parameters. The ferritic quantification is above 70 wt% for low-alloy steel. The welded specimens are characterized by the presence of different phases. In a specimen performed with higher heat input, the complex oxide Mn2TiO4 was found to be around 7 wt%. Moreover, the solid solution formed with iron and manganese was observed. The hardness results obtained by indentation showed that the higher heat input resulted in higher hardness values (54 HRC) than for specimen performed with lower parameters (45 HRC). The impact test showed that the toughness of both pad-welded layers is greater than the toughness of the base material (40 kV for S2 and 34 kV for S1 about 27 kV for low-alloy steel). Moreover, it was observed that higher heat input results in increasing the impact strength of pad welds.
The acute effects of running on pelvic floor morphology and function in runners with and without running-induced stress urinary incontinence
Authors: Bérubé Marie-Ève , McLean Linda 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Introduction and hypothesis
The aim of this study was to examine the impact of a single running session on pelvic floor morphology and function in female runners, and to compare those with and without running-induced stress urinary incontinence (RI-SUI).

Methods
This cross-sectional, observational study involved two groups: female runners who regularly experienced RI-SUI (n = 19) and runners who did not (n = 20). Pelvic floor muscle (PFM) properties were assessed using intravaginal dynamometry during maximal voluntary contractions (MVC) and during passive tissue elongation. The morphology of the pelvic floor was assessed at rest, during MVC and during maximal Valsalva maneuver (MVM) using 2D and 3D transperineal ultrasound imaging before and after a running protocol. Mixed-effects ANOVA models were used to compare all outcomes between groups and within-groups, including the interaction between group and time. Effect sizes were calculated.

Results
No changes in PFM function assessed using intravaginal dynamometry were observed in either group after the run. Significant and large within-group differences were observed on ultrasound imaging. Specifically, the area and antero-posterior diameter of the levator hiatus were larger after the run, the bladder neck height was lower after the run, and the levator plate length was longer after the run (p ≤ 0.05). At the peak MVM and MVC, the bladder neck height was lower after the run than before the run (p ≤ 0.05). No between-group differences were observed for any outcomes.

Conclusions
Running appears to cause transient strain of the passive tissues of the female pelvic floor in runners both with and without RI-SUI, whereas no concurrent changes are observed in PFM contractile function.
Carleson measure estimates, corona decompositions, and perturbation of elliptic operators without connectivity
Authors: Cao Mingming , Hidalgo-Palencia Pablo , Martell José María 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLet $$\Omega \subset \mathbb {R}^{n+1}$$

Ω
⊂

R

n
+
1

, $$n\ge 2$$

n
≥
2

, be an open set with Ahlfors–David regular boundary satisfying the corkscrew condition. When $$\Omega $$
Ω
is quantitatively connected (i.e., it satisfies the Harnack chain condition) it is known that for any real elliptic operator with bounded coefficients, the quantitative absolute continuity of elliptic measures (i.e., its membership to the class $$A_\infty $$

A
∞

) is equivalent to the fact that all bounded null solutions satisfy Carleson measure estimates. In turn, in the same setting, it is also known that these properties are stable under Fefferman–Kenig–Pipher’s perturbations. Nonetheless, it has been an open problem to show whether, without connectivity, the previous two conditions remain equivalent or whether there is a Fefferman–Kenig–Pipher perturbation theory. In this paper we settle the question of whether, for general real elliptic operators in sets without any connectivity assumption, quantitative absolute continuity of the elliptic measure (expressed via a corona decomposition for the elliptic measure) and Carleson measure type estimates for bounded null solutions are equivalent. We show that any of these conditions is also equivalent to the fact that the Green function is comparable, in the corona sense, to the distance to the boundary. Our characterization has profound consequences. First, we extend Fefferman–Kenig–Pipher’s perturbation result to sets which are not necessarily connected, and this is the first result in this general setting. Second, in the case of the Laplacian, and more generally for $$L^1$$

L
1

-Kenig–Pipher non-symmetric operators with variable coefficients, our conditions characterize the uniform rectifiability of the boundary. Last, our results generalize previous work in settings where quantitative connectivity is assumed.
Tanshinone IIA is superior to paricalcitol in ameliorating tubulointerstitial fibrosis through regulation of VDR/Wnt/β-catenin pathway in rats with diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Zeng Jing-Yi , Wang Yu , Hong Fu-Yuan , Miao Miao , Jiang Yu-Ying , Qiao Zi-Xuan , Wang Yun-Tao , Bao Xiao-Rong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractGlomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF) are closely involved in the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Moreover, the development of TIF is closely related to epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Tanshinone IIA (Tan) has various pharmacological effects, especially the anti-fibrotic effect. And it is mainly used in the clinical treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Currently, the protective effect of Tan on DN and its possible mechanism have not been clearly elucidated. Our previous studies illustrated that Tan could improve the EMT of HK-2 cells induced by high glucose by regulating the vitamin D receptor (VDR)/Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Here, we collected demographic information and laboratory results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database in order to investigate the relationship between VD and DN. Then, we established a DN model and treated DN rats with Tan and paricalcitol (Par) for 6 weeks. We subsequently compared the changes in general condition, renal function, pathological changes, and TIF-related protein expression levels of control rats, DN rats induced by STZ, DN rats with Tan at 5.4 mg/kg, DN rats with Tan at 10.8 mg/kg, and DN rats with Par at 0.054 µg/kg, to explore the effect and mechanism of Tan and Par on DN rats. The results showed that VD had a protective effect against DN in diabetic patients. And we found that Tan had a protective effect on renal fibrosis in DN rats, which was superior to Par in improving the symptoms of “three more and one less,” reducing fasting blood glucose level, improving renal index, BUN/SCr, and UACR, reducing histopathological damage of kidney, and improving the expression of fibrosis-related proteins in kidney tissue by regulating VDR/Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Tan was superior to Par in ameliorating tubulointerstitial fibrosis by regulating VDR/Wnt/β-catenin pathway in rats with diabetic nephropathy.
Effect of fining agents on the chemical composition and sensory properties of apple cider
Authors: Seriš Daniel , Balík Josef , Híc Pavel , Horák Miroslav , Omastová Petra , Dočekalová Hana 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study focuses on analyzing the impact of various fining agents on apple cider and evaluating their effects on its physical–chemical and sensory properties. Despite its common cloudy state, some consumers prefer clear apple cider. Within this study, two variations of apple cider were analyzed: original cider and cider with added barrique extract. Eight different fining agents were applied to these samples, specifically bentonite, gelatin, polyvinylpolypyrrolidone, egg white protein, activated carbon, pea protein, isinglass, and silica gel. The results revealed that the use of fining agents significantly impacted the antioxidant content in apple cider. The most substantial reduction in antioxidants was observed in samples with added activated carbon, resulting in a 75% decrease to values of 0.11–0.26 mmol TE/L. This decrease in antioxidants correlated with a decline in total polyphenols. Sensory analysis demonstrated statistically significant differences among the various apple cider samples. Bentonite and egg white protein had minimal adverse effects on sensory properties, while activated carbon had the most pronounced negative impact on the aroma and taste of the cider. This study provides valuable insights into the use of fining agents in winemaking technology and their effects on the quality of apple cider, considering consumer preferences.
Chemical characterization of virgin and recycled polyethylene terephthalate films used for food contact applications
Authors: Bhattarai Bina , Kusano Yukihiro , Cederberg Tommy Licht , Jensen Lisbeth Krüger , Granby Kit , Pedersen Gitte Alsing 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPlastic is commonly used for food packaging, of which plastic polymer polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is widely used in the food and beverage industry. Furthermore, PET is the most suitable and recyclable plastic polymer used in food contact applications due to its functional properties: inertness and low diffusion of gases and migrants. However, using recycled PET (rPET) for food contact applications requires that the rPET is chemically safe. In this study, we use mass spectrometry and spectroscopy-based methods to characterize the chemical composition of virgin PET (vPET) and rPET. The mass spectrometric analysis demonstrated more peaks in rPET and the spectroscopic analysis revealed degradation of the rPET after the recycling process. The tentatively identified peaks in both vPET and rPET were mainly PET oligomers. The present work suggests the importance of testing PET obtained from one or more recycling processes to evaluate the effect on the polymer properties, chemical migration, and chemical safety of rPET for food contact.
Treatment Effect of Zoledronic Acid in Chronic Non-bacterial Osteomyelitis of the Jaw: A Case Series
Authors: Jansen Rasmus Bo , Nilsson Johanna , Buch-Larsen Kristian , Kofod Thomas , Schwarz Peter 
Published: November 2023

AbstractChronic non-bacterial osteomyelitis (CNO) is an autoinflammatory, osteolytic bone disorder sometimes localized to a unifocal site in the jaw, causing long-term pain and reduced function. The aim of this study was to describe the patients with CNO of the jaw, focusing on treatment with zoledronic acid for pain relief. An analysis of medical records of 24 patients with CNO of the jaw, including treatment with zoledronic acid and effects on pain relief. Descriptive statistics and nonparametric tests were used to describe the population and compare treatment effects, respectively. The average treatment period was 33.4 months (median 23; Q1 11.5; Q3 42.0) with an average of 4.1 infusions (median 3; Q1 2; Q3 5) of zoledronic acid. The average pain VAS score (visual analogue scale) was significantly reduced from 7.7 (median 8; Q1 6.5; Q3 8.5) to 2.5 points (median 2; Q1 0.5; Q3 4.5) (p < 0.001). At final visit, 46% of patients reported no pain and 38% reported a reduction of pain. At least 67% of patients had at least one episode of pain recurrence, and most patients experienced the first recurrence within a year of initial treatment. Four patients (16%) had no pain relief from the treatment. In this group of patients with CNO of the jaw, there was a positive response to treatment with zoledronic acid on pain relief, averaging 5.2 points on a pain VAS score, with 84% of patients treated experiencing either a partial or a total reduction in pain after about 2.5 years.