bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
القانون الدولي كوسيلة لتحقيق السلم العالمي
Authors: فخر الدين جلال 
Published: January 2024

تبحث هذه المقالة مشكلة السلام الا وهي احدى المشاكل التي تواجه عالمنا المعاصر ، خصوصا وان الانسان اليوم أصبح يمتلك من الأسلحة المدمرة والقادرة على انزال الهلاك في البشرية التي اصبحت على درجة عالية من التقدم في المجال الاقتصادي والاجتماعي كما تستعرض المقالة الوسائل المقترحة من بعض الكتاب لاقامة السلام في العالم ، مثل فكرة نزع السلاح ، العمل على تقوية الأمم المتحدة ، مشروع اقامة حكومة عالمية ... مع الوقوف عند المشاكل التي تحول دون انجاح هذه الاقتراحات .
وتقترح المقالة اخيرا استخدام القانون الدولي كبديل للاقتراحات آنفة الذكر لنشر السلام وتعميمه بين الدول وتحاول ايضا الاجابة على الاقتراحات الموجه الى هذا القانون .
Dirasat in Economics and Business A Summary of a research design for the study of the state of Political Science in Arab Universities
Authors: SHEMBESH ALI .M. 
Published: January 2024

This research design is meant to be step forward in prepar. ing for a study examining the state of political studies in Arab Universities. Bearing this goal in mind, the writer has prepared a questionnaire to be sent to thirty five Arab Universities. The questionnaire was based on several hypotheses which will be tested against data obtained from the questionnaire.
The author believes that the research design is very impor tant to this study as well as other political studies, for the de sign helps in clarifying concepts and stating expectations of the study. It also enables the researcher to introduce his as sumptions. Moreover, the importance of the research design emerges from the fact that through it the researcher can put his strategy and minor plans for research to test before starting in earnest.
ترجعني لي : القضية الفلسطينية ومسألة الولاء الدولي
Authors: حبيبي ريمون 
Published: January 2024

تحتل القضية الفلسطينية بصورها المختلفة مركزا هاما في جدول أعال هيئة الأمم المتحدة وذلك بصورة مستمرة منذ عام 1946 . وفي عام 1947 صوتت الجمعية العامة على قرار التقسيم الذي حصل على الأغلبية المطلوبة بعد أن رفعت الجلسة لمدة ٢٤ ساعة تمكنت خلالها الولايات المتحدة من الضغط على الدول المختلفة إلى أن تمكنت من إقناع الفلبين ونيكاراجوا على تغيير صوتيها لصالح قرار التقسيم
ومن المعالم البارزة في هذه الحقبة من الوقت الدور البارز الذي لعبه ترجني لي السكرتير العام الأول للمنظمة والذي خلافا لما جرى التعارف عليه في المنظمة حول الولاء للمنظمة العالمية والعمل بدون تحيز للأطراف ، فقد عمل باستمرار وبدون كلل لصالح إسرائيل وكان لعمله هذا أن أضر بالقضية الفلسطينية وبأعضاء المنظمة العرب . ويتعامل هذا البحث مع مفهوم مبدأ الولاء للمنظمة والعمل بدون تحيز للأطراف من قبل الموظفين الدوليين ثم الدور الذي لعبه ترجعي لي والذي كان له . و أثر كبير على تطور القضية الفلسطينية وكيف أنه خلال هذا كله هدد بالإستقالة من منصبة كوسيلة للضغط على المنظمة لتعمل لصالح إسرائيل .
إستخدام التخطيط والبرمجة في الميزانية العامة
Authors: منیسي أحمد 
Published: January 2024

قبل صدور التشريع الخاص بحسابات الميزانية(Budget Accounting Act) لعام ۱۹۲۱ م لم يوجد لدى الحكومة الأمريكية ميزانية موحدة بمعنى ميزانية تضم كل المخصصات للإدارات المختلفة .
وفي فترة العهد الجديد (New Deal) إتضحت صعوبة معالجة المشكلات المرتبطة بتزايد النفقات العامة . وفي عام ۱۹۳۹ م أصبحت الميزانية تتبع مكتب الرئيس مباشرة . وأثناء الحرب العالمية الثانية مرت الميزانية بمرحلة الأهتداء الإداري التي وصلت قمتها بتكوين لجنة هوفر (Hoover Commission) التي طالبت بتكييف هيكل على النظرة الادارية. هذا الهيكل ينصب على الوظائف والأنشطة والمشروعات العامة .
نظام التخطيط والبرمجة خرج عن مؤسسة (RAND) التي طورت مفهوم التحليل المنظم للبرامج في قسم الدفاع بعد الحرب العالمية الثانية . وفي عام 1961 إستخدم ما کنارا (McNamara) نظام التخطيط والبرمجة في وزارة الدفاع (Pentagon) .
وبما أن تطبيقه في وزارة الدفاع قد حقق نجاحا ملحوظا إستخدم منذ عام 1965 في كل الإدارات الأمريكية . وفي السنوات اللاحقة لتلك السنة استورد العديد من الدول الغربية هذا النظام واستخدمته أيضا في المستويات الإدارية الدنيا . .
A research analysis on the Challenges of Media in the field of Da’wah
Authors: Muhammad Ayub Anwar  , Abzahir Khan  , Nazeehat Bibi  
Published: January 2024

Islam is the last religion which give the lesson of preaching. Islam has the power of preaching in every time and every nation of the world. The method of teaching and preaching should be according to the prevailing circumstances. Today media has great effect on human being so we should introduce expert personal in the field of media to introduce the everlasting message of Islam in an effective way for the coming generation.
Everything has two aspects i.e. good and bad, similarly media has also good and bad aspects, but it depends in the mind of user to use it for which purpose. We should use media as an effective tool to introduce Islam in a better way for the coming generation as well as for the non-Muslim. Six main rights of the addresses have been dealt in this thesis. Diverse addresses of listening to the message of Islam have also been elucidated alongside.
In the perspective to the related article the challenges of media in the field of Da’wah has been dealt with.
DETERMINAN TAX AVOIDANCE PADA PERUSAHAAN SUB SEKTOR OTOMOTIF DAN KOMPONEN LAINNYA YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK
Authors: Lastri Surna , Chudri Intan Rizkia , Halim Al 
Published: January 2024

Salah satu upaya wajib pajak untuk menghindari pajak secara legal adalah tax avoidance (penghindaran pajak), yang berarti meminimalkan beban pajak dengan memanfaatkan kelemahan undang-undang perpajakan negara tersebut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui determinan tax avoidance pada Perusahaan Sub Sektor Otomotif dan Komponen lainnya yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia tahun 2017 – 2020 dengan variabel prediktor Profitabilitas, Leverage, Capital Intensity dan Ukuran Perusahaan . Sampel penelitian ini adalah 13 perusahaan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Metode pemilihan data purposive digunakan selama penelitian, yang berlangsung dari 2017 hingga 2020. Penggunaan model regresi berganda dengan tingkat signifikan 5% digunakan untuk menganalisis data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Profitabilitas, Leverage, Capital Intensity dan Ukuran Perusahaan berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap penghindaran pajak baik secara simultan maupun parsial. Kata kunci: Profitabilitas, Leverage, Capital Intensity dan Ukuran Perusahaan dan Penghindaran Pajak
Signs of Similar Stellar Obliquity Distributions for Hot and Warm Jupiters Orbiting Cool Stars
Authors: Morgan Marvin , Bowler Brendan P. , Tran Quang H. , Petigura Erik , Nagpal Vighnesh , Blunt Sarah 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Transiting giant planets provide a natural opportunity to examine stellar obliquities, which offer clues about the origin and dynamical histories of close-in planets. Hot Jupiters orbiting Sun-like stars show a tendency for obliquity alignment, which suggests that obliquities are rarely excited or that tidal realignment is common. However, the stellar obliquity distribution is less clear for giant planets at wider separations where realignment mechanisms are not expected to operate. In this work, we uniformly derive line-of-sight inclinations for 47 cool stars (T
eff < 6200 K) harboring transiting hot and warm giant planets by combining rotation periods, stellar radii, and

v
sin
i

measurements. Among the systems that show signs of spin–orbit misalignment in our sample, three are identified as being misaligned here for the first time. Of particular interest are Kepler-1654, one of the longest-period (1047 days; 2.0 au) giant planets in a misaligned system, and Kepler-30, a multiplanet misaligned system. By comparing the reconstructed underlying inclination distributions, we find that the inferred minimum misalignment distributions of hot Jupiters spanning a/R
* = 3–20 (≈0.01–0.1 au) and warm Jupiters spanning a/R
* = 20–400 (≈0.1–1.9 au) are in good agreement. With 90% confidence, at least

24

−
10

+
7

%

of warm Jupiters and

14

−
8

+
5

%

of hot Jupiters around cool stars are misaligned by at least 10°. Most stars harboring warm Jupiters are therefore consistent with spin–orbit alignment. The similarity of the hot and warm Jupiter misalignment rates suggests that either the occasional misalignments are primordial and originate in misaligned disks, or the same underlying processes that create misaligned hot Jupiters also lead to misaligned warm Jupiters.
Statistical Distribution Function of Orbital Spacings in Planetary Systems
Authors: Dietrich Jeremy , Malhotra Renu , Apai Dániel 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The minimum orbital separation of planets in long-stable planetary systems is often modeled as a step function, parameterized with a single value

Δ

min

(measured in mutual Hill radius of the two neighboring planets). Systems with smaller separations are considered unstable, and planet pairs with greater separations are considered stable. Here we report that a log-normal distribution function for

Δ

min

, rather than a single threshold value, provides a more accurate model. From our suite of simulated planetary systems, the parameters of the best-fit log-normal distribution are μ = 1.97 ± 0.02 and σ = 0.40 ± 0.02, such that the mean, median, and mode of

Δ

min

are 7.77, 7.17, and 6.11, respectively. This result is consistent with previous estimates for

Δ

min

threshold values in the range ∼5–8. We find a modest dependence of the distribution of

Δ

min

on multiplicity within the system, as well as on planetary mass ratios of the closest planet pair. The overall distribution of nearest-neighbor planetary orbital spacings (measured in the mutual Hill radii and denoted simply as Δ) in long-term stable systems is also well fit with a log-normal distribution, with parameters μ = 3.14 ± 0.03 and σ = 0.76 ± 0.02. In simulations of sets of many planets initially packed very close together, we find that the orbital spacings of long-term stable systems is statistically similar to that in the observed Kepler sample of exoplanetary systems, indicating a strong role of sculpting of planetary architectures by dynamical instabilities.
Designing an Optimal Kilonova Search Using DECam for Gravitational-wave Events
Authors: Bom C. R. , Annis J. , Garcia A. , Palmese A. , Sherman N. , Soares-Santos M. , Santana-Silva L. , Morgan R. , Bechtol K. , Davis T. , Diehl H. T. , Allam S. S. , Bachmann T. G. , Fraga B. M. O. , García-Bellido J. , Gill M. S. S. , Herner K. , Kilpatrick C. D. , Makler M. , Olivares E. F. , Pereira M. E. S. , Pineda J. , Santos A. , Tucker D. L. , Wiesner M. P. , Aguena M. , Alves O. , Bacon D. , Bernardinelli P. H. , Bertin E. , Bocquet S. , Brooks D. , Carrasco Kind M. , Carretero J. , Conselice C. , Costanzi M. , da Costa L. N. , De Vicente J. , Desai S. , Doel P. , Everett S. , Ferrero I. , Frieman J. , Gatti M. , Gerdes D. W. , Gruen D. , Gruendl R. A. , Gutierrez G. , Hinton S. R. , Hollowood D. L. , Honscheid K. , James D. J. , Kuehn K. , Kuropatkin N. , Melchior P. , Mena-Fernández J. , Menanteau F. , Pieres A. , Plazas Malagón A. A. , Raveri M. , Rodriguez-Monroy M. , Sanchez E. , Santiago B. , Sevilla-Noarbe I. , Smith M. , Suchyta E. , Swanson M. E. C. , Tarle G. , To C. , Weaverdyck N. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We address the problem of optimally identifying all kilonovae detected via gravitational-wave emission in the upcoming LIGO/Virgo/KAGRA observing run, O4, which is expected to be sensitive to a factor of ∼7 more binary neutron star (BNS) alerts than previously. Electromagnetic follow-up of all but the brightest of these new events will require >1 m telescopes, for which limited time is available. We present an optimized observing strategy for the DECam during O4. We base our study on simulations of gravitational-wave events expected for O4 and wide-prior kilonova simulations. We derive the detectabilities of events for realistic observing conditions. We optimize our strategy for confirming a kilonova while minimizing telescope time. For a wide range of kilonova parameters, corresponding to a fainter kilonova compared to GW170817/AT 2017gfo, we find that, with this optimal strategy, the discovery probability for electromagnetic counterparts with the DECam is ∼80% at the nominal BNS gravitational-wave detection limit for O4 (190 Mpc), which corresponds to an ∼30% improvement compared to the strategy adopted during the previous observing run. For more distant events (∼330 Mpc), we reach an ∼60% probability of detection, a factor of ∼2 increase. For a brighter kilonova model dominated by the blue component that reproduces the observations of GW170817/AT 2017gfo, we find that we can reach ∼90% probability of detection out to 330 Mpc, representing an increase of ∼20%, while also reducing the total telescope time required to follow up events by ∼20%.
Influence of Jets on [O iii] Extensions in Green Pea/Bean Galaxies
Authors: Bhat Harshitha K. , Eckart Andreas , Misquitta Persis , Valencia-S. Monica , Yttergren Madeleine , Zensus Anton 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We present a study investigating the influence of jets on galaxies exhibiting strong [O iii]λ5007 emission, known as Green Peas and Green Beans. Our sample comprised 12 nearby sources (z ∼ 0.04–0.1, six with jets and six without jets) with high [O iii] luminosity (L ∼ 1040 erg s−1), selected from a radio-selected galaxy sample observed with the Sloan Digital Sky Survey and Radio Sky at Twenty-centimeters survey. We perform Large Binocular Telescope–Multi-Object Double Spectrograph long-slit spectroscopy at two position angles for each galaxy: one aligned with the jet direction and another perpendicular to it. By tracing the [O iii] emission along these slits, we aimed to assess the extension of the narrow line region and examine the impact of jets. Surprisingly, our analysis revealed no preferred direction for the extension of the [O iii] emission, indicating that jets have a limited influence on the extended emission line regions (EELRs). This also suggests the possibility of missed detection of conical-shaped EELRs aligned with the jets, attributable to our slit orientations. Furthermore, we compared the extension of [O ii] emission, which traces star-forming regions, with that of [O iii]. We observed a significant difference, with [O ii] exhibiting a considerably greater extension along the galactic plane. This suggests a stronger association of [O ii] emission with stellar processes.
Detectability of Late-time Supernova Neutrinos with Fallback Accretion onto Protoneutron Star
Authors: Akaho Ryuichiro , Nagakura Hiroki , Foglizzo Thierry 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We investigate the late-time neutrino emission powered by fallback mass accretion onto a protoneutron star (PNS), using neutrino radiation-hydrodynamic simulations with full Boltzmann neutrino transport. We follow the time evolution of the accretion flow onto the PNS until the system reaches a quasi-steady state. A standing shock wave is commonly formed in the accretion flow, whereas the shock radius varies depending on the mass accretion rate and the PNS mass. A sharp increase in temperature emerges in the vicinity of the PNS (∼10 km), which characterizes neutrino emission. Both the neutrino luminosity and the average energy become higher with increasing mass accretion rate and PNS mass. The mean energy of the emitted neutrinos is in the range of 10 ≲ ϵ ≲ 20 MeV, which is higher than that estimated from PNS cooling models (≲10 MeV). Assuming a distance to core-collapse supernova of 10 kpc, we quantify neutrino event rates for Super-Kamiokande (Super-K) and Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE). The estimated detection rates are well above the background, and their energy-dependent features are qualitatively different from those expected from PNS cooling models. Another notable feature is that the neutrino emission is strongly flavor dependent, exhibiting that the neutrino event rate hinges on the neutrino oscillation model. We estimate them in the case with the adiabatic Mikheev–Smirnov–Wolfenstein model, and show that the normal and inverted mass hierarchy offer a large number of neutrino detections in Super-K and DUNE, respectively. Hence the simultaneous observation with Super-K and DUNE of fallback neutrinos will provide a strong constraint on the neutrino mass hierarchy.
DiSSCo Transition Abridged Grant Proposal
Authors: Koureas Dimitrios , Livermore Laurence , Addink Wouter , Alonso Eva , Alonso Jose , Casino Ana , Dusoulier François , Ferreira Vânia , Grieb Jonas , Groom Quentin , Islam Sharif , Kõljalg Urmas , Lymer Gaël , Marhold Karol , Paleco Carole , Pijls Stefaan , Scory Serge , Scott Ben , Weiland Claus , Worley Katharine 
Published: January 2024

The Distributed System of Scientific Collections (DiSSCo) is a pan-European Research Infrastructure (RI) initiative. DiSSCo aims to bring together natural science collections from 175 museums, botanical gardens, universities and research institutes across 23 countries in a distributed infrastructure that makes these collections physically and digitally open and accessible for all forms of research and innovation. DiSSCo RI entered the ESFRI roadmap in 2018 and successfully concluded its Preparatory Phase in early 2023. The RI is now transitioning towards the constitution of its legal entity (an ERIC) and the start of its scaled-up construction (implementation) programme. This publication is an abridged version of the successful grant proposal for the DiSSCo Transition Project which has the goal of ensuring the seamless transition of the DiSSCo RI from its Preparatory Phase to the Construction Phase (expected to start in 2025). In this transition period, the Project will address five objectives building on the outcomes of the Preparatory Phase project:
1) Advance the DiSSCo ERIC process and complete its policy framework, ensuring the smooth early-phase Implementation of DISSCo;
2) Engage & support DiSSCo National Nodes to strengthen national commitments;
3) Advance the development of core e-services to avoid the accumulation of technical debt before the start of the Implementation Phase;
4) Continue international collaboration on standards & best practices needed for the DiSSCo service provision; and
5) Continue supporting DiSSCo RI interim governance bodies and transition them to the DiSSCo ERIC formal governance.
The Project’s impact will be measured against the increase in the RI's overall Implementation Readiness Level (IRL). More specifically, we will monitor its impact towards reaching the required level of maturity in four of the five dimensions of the IRL that can benefit from further developments. These include the organisational, financial, technological and data readiness levels.
Le magistère psychanalytique et l’indifférentisme démocratique
Authors: Donegani Jean-Marie 
Published: January 2024

Toute société impose des normes à ses membres, compose des répertoires d’action liés à des statuts et des rôles. Les sociétés modernes, individualistes ne sont pas moins normées que les sociétés anciennes, holistes. Mais la nouveauté est que ces normes sont conçues comme étant au service du travail de construction de soi de chaque individu. Soutenu par le caractère immanentiste des sociétés libérales et démocratiques, aune borne n’est plus imposée à ce travail de la liberté individuelle qui va maintenant jusqu’à atteindre le plus objectif : les coordonnées de la sexualité. La légalisation de la contraception et de l’avortement a permis une première maîtrise de la sexualité, accompagnée bientôt de l’invention et de l’utilisation de la notion de genre, soit la subjectivation du sexe. Aujourd’hui, c’est la différence anatomique elle-même qui fait l’objet de ce constructionnisme artificialiste, libérant l’individu de toute contrainte objective dans la confection de soi. C’est cette illimitation de la liberté de construction des identités sexuelles que vient critiquer la psychanalyse. Malheureusement en ne recourant qu’eux principes les plus traditionnels du naturalisme et du réalisme, ce qui ôte beaucoup de force à ses arguments.
Logiques du complotisme
Authors: Richard François 
Published: January 2024

Le fake selon Donald Trump et d’autres, la post-vérité, les « faits alternatifs », relèvent d’une confusion qui n’est pas exactement le mensonge. Une image photographique peut être vue de plusieurs façons et certains historiens distinguent mal la fiction de la véracité dans le contexte d’une domination des discours relativistes. Dans cette nouvelle rhétorique sophiste insistent les invariants paranoïaques-pervers à l’œuvre dans le discours nazi. Les conceptions freudiennes sur le déni, la psychose et les phénomènes de masse s’appliquent aux années 1930-1945 mais aussi au complotisme contemporain, avec une différence : désormais la logique totalitaire se dilue dans une crise démocratique de l’autorité. Les vérités sont partielles et améliorables dans une perspective laïque, tandis que les religions comportent en même temps un versant dogmatique et un versant ouvert au commentaire. On en déduit la nécessité de renouveler un rationalisme pondéré.
Utopie de genre. Fiction pubertaire. Le genre, un cache-sexe ?
Authors: Masson Céline 
Published: January 2024

A partir de l’exemple de la transidentification des mineurs, nous interrogeons la manière dont un vocable, le « genre » se déploie dans nos sociétés démocratiques où prévalent les ressentis. Nous nommons « utopie de genre » cette fiction qui consiste pour des adolescents en détresse pubertaire à croire qu’ils seraient de l’autre sexe. Le phénomène est particulièrement prégnant chez les filles qui s’identifient garçons. L’impact des réseaux sociaux et de l’hyperconnexion aux écrans sur les adolescents est maintenant bien connu. Le phénomène transidentificatoire n’échappe pas à cette emprise sur réseaux qui facilite l’adhésion à des discours idéologiques. La promotion des ressentis qui accompagnent l’idée que des adolescents devraient s’autodéterminer (notamment par rapport à leur genre) favorise cette coupure avec la réalité et le collectif : d’une certaine manière, l’utopie de genre est désubjectivante puisqu’elle fait valoir des identités fabriquées par des idéologies.
Longitudinal Evaluation of Biomechanical Indices in Fellow Eyes of Patients With Keratoconus Classified as Having Very Asymmetric Ectasia With Normal Topography
Authors: Kovalchuk Bogdana , Khoramnia Ramin , Son Hyeck-Soo , Meis Jan , Winkler Philip , Naujokaitis Tadas , Köppe Maximilian K. , Auffarth Gerd U. , Augustin Victor A. 
Published: January 2024

Purpose:
To evaluate the biomechanical longitudinal variability and progression of tomographically normal fellow eyes of patients with keratoconus.

Methods:
Of 513 patients with keratoconus, 30 patients with tomographically normal fellow eyes were included in this study. Tomographic and biomechanical parameters of the Pentacam and Corvis ST (Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH) were analyzed in multiple follow-up examinations, including the ABCD grading, Belin/Ambrósio Enhanced Ectasia total deviation index (BAD-D), Corvis Biomechanical Index (CBI), Corvis Biomechanical Factor (CBiF), and Tomographic and Biomechanical Index (TBI). A mixed regression model was applied. The results were compared to a healthy control group (n = 17) and a keratoconus group (n = 20).

Results:
Within a maximum observation period of 3.3 years, no fellow eye (0%) showed a progression to tomographically evident keratoconus. No significant change in tomographic or biomechanical parameters was detected over the study period. The indices BAD-D, CBI, CbiF, and TBI exhibited a certain variability over time, whereas the tomographic ABC parameters and maximum keratometry barely changed. This was also shown in the control group and for all parameters in the keratoconus group, except the TBI.

Conclusions:
During the observation period none of the normal fellow eyes progressed to tomographically detectable keratoconus. However, biomechanical parameters CBI, CbiF, and TBI showed pathological values in 43.3% of eyes and certain variability. Subsequent studies with a longer observation period are warranted to confirm the biomechanical trends seen in this study and to rate the ability of single measurements to diagnose early keratoconus.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2024;40(1):e48–e56.]