bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic Factors and Outcome of Human Herpesvirus 8–Associated Primary Effusion Lymphoma in Patients With AIDS
Authors: Boulanger Emmanuelle , Gérard Laurence , Gabarre Jean , Molina Jean-Michel , Rapp Christophe , Abino Jean-François , Cadranel Jacques , Chevret Sylvie , Oksenhendler Eric 
Published: June 2005

Purpose Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is a rare high-grade B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma associated with Kaposi sarcoma–associated herpesvirus/human herpesvirus 8 (KSHV/HHV-8) infection, and is mostly observed in the course of HIV infection. The prognosis is poor, with reported median survival time shorter than 6 months. To date, no prognostic factor has been identified in this subset of lymphoma. Patients and Methods We describe here a large series of HIV-infected patients with PEL, including 28 cases diagnosed in six centers during an 11-year time period. Prognosis analysis was performed using a Cox proportional hazard regression model. Statistically significant covariates were further analyzed in a forward, stepwise multivariate model. Results After a median follow-up of 3.8 years (range, 10 months to 10.8 years), nine patients (32%) were still alive, and eight of them remained progression free. The median survival was 6.2 months, and the 1-year overall survival rate was 39.3%. Fourteen patients (50%) achieved complete remission, with a 1-year disease-free survival rate at 78.6%. In a multivariate analysis, only a performance status more than 2 (hazard ratio, 5.84; 95% CI, 1.76 to 19.33) and the absence of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) before PEL diagnosis (hazard ratio, 3.26; 95% CI, 1.14 to 9.34) were found to be independent predictors for shorter survival. Conclusion Based on a retrospective series of 28 patients, two prognostic factors were identified as being independently associated with impaired clinical outcome in HIV-related PEL—(1) a poor performance status and (2) the absence of HAART before PEL diagnosis.
The Protein Kinase C Pathway Acts through Multiple Transcription Factors to Repress Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Gene Expression in Hypothalamic GT1–7 Neuronal Cells
Authors: Tang Qingbo , Mazur Marcus , Mellon Pamela L. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe GnRH gene uses two well-defined regions to target expression to a small population of hypothalamic GnRH neurons: a 173-bp proximal promoter and a 300-bp enhancer localized at approximately −1800 to −1500 bp from the start site. Interaction of multiple factors with the GnRH enhancer and promoter is required to confer neuron-specific expression in vivo and in cells in culture. In addition, the expression of the GnRH gene is regulated by numerous neurotransmitters and hormones. Several of these effectors act through membrane receptors to trigger the protein kinase C pathway, and 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA), a modulator of this pathway, has been shown to suppress GnRH gene expression through the promoter. We find that TPA suppresses expression through the GnRH enhancer as well as the promoter. In the enhancer, an Oct-1 binding site, a Pbx/Prep binding site, Msx/Dlx binding sites, and a previously unidentified protein-binding element at −1793, all contribute to TPA suppression. TPA treatment leads to decreased binding of Oct-1 and Pbx1a/Prep to their sites. However, a complex formed by GT1–7 nuclear extracts on the −1793 site is not affected by TPA treatment. It is known that cooperative interaction among multiple factors is necessary for GnRH gene expression; thus, one mechanism by which TPA suppresses GnRH gene expression is to disengage some of these factors from their cis-regulatory elements.
Kinetics of the MnO4− Oxidation of Anionic Surfactant (Sodiumdodecyl Sulphate): Evidence for the Formation of Soluble Colloidal MnO2
Authors: Raju  , Khan Zaheer 
Published: July 2005

Abstract
A conventional spectrophotometric technique was used to study the oxidation of SDS by permanganate in a perchloric acid medium. It was observed that the reaction proceeded in two stages (fast first stage followed by a relatively slow second stage). Plots of log(absorbance) versus time deviate from linearity. The kinetic and spectroscopic data are consistent with the formation of soluble colloidal MnO2. The first-order kinetics with respect to [SDS] at low concentrations shifted to second-order at higher concentrations. The kinetics of oxidation is first-order with respect to both [MnO4−] and [HClO4]. The oxidation rate was decreased by the addition of P2O74− and Mn(II) ions. Second-step oxidation is not a true path for the oxidation of the Mn(IV)–SDS reaction. In the presence of Mn(II) (a reaction product), the MnO4− oxidation of SDS becomes more complicated, and an exact dependence on [Mn(II)] can not be estimated. Different activation parameters have been evaluated. Mechanisms consistent with the kinetic data have been proposed and discussed. The –O–SO3− group is responsible for the oxidative degradation of SDS by MnO4−.
Phase Relationships of Crystalline Polymorphs of Mesogenic 4-Cyano-4′-heptyloxybiphenyl (7OCB) and 4-Cyano-4′-octyloxybiphenyl (8OCB)
Authors: Hori Kayako , Iwai Yuko , Yano Megumi , Orihara-Furukawa Reiko , Tominaga Yasunori , Nishibori Eiji , Takata Masaki , Sakata Makoto , Kato Kenichi 
Published: July 2005

Abstract
Temperature-dependent X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies using synchrotron radiation and Raman spectral studies in the range of 40–850 cm−1 have been carried out for crystalline polymorphs of the title compounds in order to elucidate the phase relations of the polymorphs. Transition processes between metastable phases have been confirmed with structural evidence: square-plate (SP) crystal to needle (N) crystal for 7OCB and parallelpiped plate (PP) crystal to needle (N) crystal for 8OCB; these processes were previously proposed based on the results of differential scanning calorimetry. XRD study shows that a fourth phase of 7OCB, which appears during the stabilization process and hence is referred to as an intermediate phase, is a slightly but definitely different crystalline phase from the most stable phase. SP of 7OCB stabilizes in two steps: first to the intermediate phase, which then rearranges to the most stable phase at the melting point of the intermediate phase just below the melting point of the most stable phase or on keeping at RT for several months or longer. Some structural features of the most stable phases of 7OCB and 8OCB are discussed based on the unit cell parameters derived from the powder XRD results.
H-Transfer Motions in an H-Bonded (Chloranilic Acid)-(1,3-Diazine) 1:2 Molecular Complex Studied by 35Cl NQR and 1H NMR
Authors: Ikeda Ryuichi , Takahashi Satoshi , Nihei Taka-aki , Ishihara Hideta , Ishida Hiroyuki 
Published: July 2005

Abstract
35Cl NQR and 1H NMR relaxation times (T1Q, T1H) were measured in a hydrogen-bonded (chloranilic acid)-(1,3-diazine) 1:2 molecular complex in a temperature range of ca. 100–300 K. NQR frequencies observed were explained by the monovalent (1−) ionic structure of chloranilic acid, implying partial H-transfer to diazine molecules. This H-transfer was shown to be dynamic by observing a single T1H minimum at ca. 120 K. Two new relaxation processes observed by NQR in high-temperature range, but undetected by NMR, were shown to be H-transfer motions between differently charged states of chloranilic acid molecules.
The Magnetic Orientation of 2-Dimensional Silver Dendrites
Authors: Katsuki Akio , Uechi Ichiro , Tanimoto Yoshifumi 
Published: July 2005

Abstract
A liquid/solid redox reaction between silver ion and zinc metal was investigated under a vertical and inhomogeneous magnetic field. 2-Dimensional silver dendrites produced via the reaction were drastically affected by the magnetic field. Oriented and tilted dendrites were observed under the magnetic field. A similar phenomenon was observed at a silver ion–copper metal system under a horizontal and homogeneous magnetic field. The mechanism of the phenomenon is discussed in detail.
DNA Cleavage by Good’s Buffers in the Presence of Au(III)
Authors: Tabata Masaaki , Habib Ahsan , Watanabe Keiichi 
Published: July 2005

Abstract
DNA (pBluescript plasmid, 2.96 kbp) cleavage by Good’s buffers, which are extensively used in laboratories of chemistry, biochemistry, or biology, was studied by gel electrophoresis, CD spectra, ESR spectra, and CV in the presence of Au(III). Incubation of plasmid DNA with Good’s buffers and Au(III) resulted in DNA cleavage. DNA cleavage occurred due to the formation of nitrogen-centered cationic free radicals from the Good’s buffers in the presence of Au(III). The formation of the nitrogen-centered free radicals was confirmed by ESR spectroscopy. Gel electrophoresis results indicated that Form I and Form II were converted into Form III and a DNA fragment. The molecular weight of the DNA fragment was estimated ca. 1.47 kbp by DNA marker gel electrophoresis. ESR spectra were not observed from the Good’s buffers in the presence of other metal ions, such as Mn(II), Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II), Zn(II), Pd(II), Cd(II), Hg(II), and Pb(II), resulting in no DNA cleavage. Gel electrophoresis results indicated a partial DNA cleavage during the incubation of DNA in the presence of Good’s buffers and Au(III). This is because the DNA cleavage reaction stopped at 15 min, since the radical lifetime is ca. 15 min. The intensities of the CD spectra at 270 nm decreased with time by 15 min upon the addition of Au(III), and a constant CD spectrum was observed after 15 min. Further addition of Au(III) showed an alternation of the CD spectra from positive ellipticity to negative ellipticity at 270 nm, suggesting significant DNA cleavage. The mechanism of DNA cleavage is discussed based on the gel electrophoresis, ESR, CD, and CV results.
Singlet Energy Transfer and Photoinduced Electron Transfer in Star-Shaped Naphthalimide Derivatives Based on Triphenylamine
Authors: Zhu Weihong , Xu Yisheng , Zhang Yan , Shen Jianping , Tian He 
Published: July 2005

Abstract
A series of star-shaped naphthalimide derivatives (TPA-NP) were synthesized with a triphenylamine (TPA) core and chromophores at the rim. Their steady-state absorption, fluorescence, and transient fluorescence spectra were investigated, indicative of severely fluorescent quenching with regard to the corresponding 1,8-naphthalimide (NP) parent chromophores. Excitation into either the triphenylamine or naphthalimide absorption bands results in the occurrence of singlet energy transfer and photoinduced electron transfer (PIET) effectively. Single photon-counting experiments show a fast charge separation and a thermally activated back reaction. As a consequence, the fluorescent lifetime of the naphthalimide moiety in the system of TPA-NP is reduced by more than an order of magnitude, which mainly arises from the intramolecular PIET process of TPA and naphthalimide. The kinetics and PIET mechanism involving TPA-NP were elucidated.
Glucocorticoids do not influence the effect of radioiodine therapy in Graves’ disease
Authors: Jensen Berit E , Bonnema Steen J , Hegedüs Laszlo 
Published: July 2005

Objective: We evaluated, in a retrospective study, whether glucocorticoids given in order to avoid initiation or aggravation of ophthalmopathy during radioiodine (131I) therapy have an inadvertent effect on the final thyroid function.
Methods: Consecutive patients with Graves’ disease (median age 50 years, range 21–82 years) treated with 131I therapy for the first time were included. Ninety-six patients (group 1) were given prednisolone (25 mg daily for 30 days beginning 2 days before 131I therapy) because of present or previous mild ophthalmopathy or the presence of risk factors (tobacco smoking and high concentrations of TSH-receptor antibodies) for developing this complication. One hundred and eleven patients received 131I therapy without prednisolone prophylaxis (group 2).
Results: The patients in group 1 were younger than those in group 2 (44.6±12.0 years versus 51.3±15.1 years; P = 0.001). At 1 year post therapy the patients were classified as hypothyroid, euthyroid or hyperthyroid. In group 1, the numbers of patients were 23, 35 and 38, respectively, while the corresponding numbers in group 2 were 26, 40 and 45, respectively (P = 0.99 between groups). The cure rate (attainment of euthyroidism or hypothyroidism) was 60% in group 1 and 59% in group 2 (P = 0.97). No significant between-group difference was found, neither in the median time-interval until development of hypothyroidism nor until recurrence of the hyperthyroid-ism. Using logistic regression the cure rate correlated negatively with age (P = 0.041) and the size of the thyroid gland (P = 0.010) and positively with serum TSH at treatment (P = 0.034), whereas no significant impact was found for the use of prednisolone, gender, smoking, presence of anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies, use of anti-thyroid drugs or the presence of eye symptoms.
Conclusions: Although glucocorticoids in some contexts seem to attenuate the radiation-induced oxidative stress this had no impact on the final outcome following 131I therapy of patients with Graves’ disease.
Body composition in young adult survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Authors: Jarfelt M , Lannering B , Bosaeus I , Johannsson G , Bjarnason R 
Published: July 2005

Objective: Obesity is frequently reported in patients treated for childhood leukaemia. Obesity, particularly abdominal obesity, is one of the main characteristics of the metabolic syndrome and a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM).
Design: All patients treated for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) before the onset of puberty in the region of western Sweden, between 1973 and 1985, and in first remission, were included. 35 out of 47 patients aged 20–32 years participated. 19 patients had received cranial radiotherapy, and the median follow-up time was 20 years. The focus of this report was to study body composition and signs of the metabolic syndrome and correlate the findings to spontaneous growth hormone (GH) secretion.
Methods: Body composition was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorbtiometry (DEXA). We analyzed serum concentrations of insulin, glucose, leptin and lipids.
Results: No patient was obese according to World Health Organization criteria (body mass index, BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) but one-third were overweight (BMI 25–29.9 kg/m2). The maximal GH peak during 24 h (GHmax) was correlated to percentage of total body fat (r = −0.42; P = 0.017), trunk fat (r = −0.5; P = 0.005) and fat-free mass (r = 0.42; P = 0.017). GHmax was also correlated to s-triglycerides (r = −0.54; P = 0.001), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (r = −0.382; P = 0.024) and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (r = 0.45; P = 0.007).
Conclusions: We found little effect on BMI but an increased percentage of total body fat, especially trunk fat, and a tendency for an unfavourable lipid profile in adult survivors of childhood leukaemia. These findings were related to low endogenous GH secretion due to cranial irradiation.
Relationship between serum concentrations of leptin, soluble leptin receptor, testosterone and IGF-I, and growth during the first year of postnatal life in the male rhesus monkey, Macaca mulatta
Authors: Bhat Ganapathy K , Plant Tony M , Mann David R 
Published: July 2005

Objectives: Subnormal leptin levels in low birth weight infants may allow for catch-up growth during infancy. Scant data are available that relate growth with circulating leptin during normal infancy in primates. The current study objective was to examine the association between serum leptin, its soluble receptor (sOB-R), testosterone and IGF-I concentrations, and body weight during infancy in male rhesus monkeys.
Design: Hormone levels were assessed longitudinally in animals (n = 7) from birth until 1 year of age.
Results: Body weight increased during the first 6 months of life and was strongly correlated with rising IGF-I levels and, as IGF-I plateaued and then declined during the second half of the year, body weight gain decelerated. In contrast, leptin levels declined gradually with age during the first year of life in conjunction with increasing body weight. There was no association between body weight gain and serum leptin levels or between serum testosterone and leptin values. Since sOB-R levels also declined with leptin values, it does not appear that levels of bioavailable leptin changed during infancy.
Conclusions: The data do not support the contention that leptin regulates growth during infancy, but the close association between IGF-I levels and body weight suggested that this hormone may regulate growth in infant male monkeys. The failure to observe an association between serum testosterone and leptin concentrations suggested that leptin is not involved in the activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary –testicular axis during this developmental period.
In vivo and in vitro effects of statins on lymphocytes in patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
Authors: Gullu Sevim , Emral Rifat , Bastemir Mehmet , Parkes Arthur B , Lazarus John H 
Published: July 2005

Background: Statins have apoptotic effects on many cell types. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) is an autoimmune disease in which cell-mediated autoimmune mechanisms are pathogenetically involved.Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate thein vivoeffects of Simvastatin on thyroid function, lymphocyte subtypes and also to investigate the apoptotic effects of Simvastatin, Mevastatin, Pravastatin and Cerivastatin on lymphocytes from patients with HT.Methods: In the first part of the study, 11 patients with HT and subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) were given Simvastatin (20 mg/day) for 8 weeks. Ten patients with SH and HT served as the control group. No treatment was given to controls. Thyroid function, C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and lymphocyte subtypes of both groups were determined before the study and after 8 weeks. In the second part of the study, the apoptotic effects of statins on lymphocytes were evaluated in patients with HT (n= 10) and normal subjects (n= 10)in vitro. Apoptosis was investigated by using Annexin-V and propidium iodide. Lymphocytes from patients and controls were incubated with different concentrations of Simvastatin, Cerivastatin, Mevastatin and Pravastatin.Results: An increase in serum free tri-iodothyronine and free thyroxine levels and a decrease in TSH levels were observed (P< 0.05) with Simvastatin treatment. CD4 + cells and B lymphocytes increased whilst CD8 + cells, natural killer cells and activated T lymphocytes decreased significantly in the treatment group (P< 0.05). The CRP level of the group also decreased with Simvastatin but it did not reach significance (P= 0.057). None of parameters was found to be different from the baseline in the control group. Inin vitroexperiments, apoptosis was observed in CD3 + (both in CD8 + and CD4 + cells) with all statins in both patient and control samples. Mevalonate, which was used in experiments, reversed apoptosis in some but not all samples.Conclusions: The results of this study suggested that Simvastatin is an immune modulatory agent and improves thyroid function in patients with HT. This effect is probably mediated via lymphocyte apoptosis as demonstrated within vitroexperiments and is not confined to Simvastatin since Mevastatin, Pravastatin and Cerivastatin also induced apoptosis in lymphocytes.
Differential effects of dietary saturated and trans-fatty acids on expression of genes associated with insulin sensitivity in rat adipose tissue
Authors: Saravanan Natarajan , Haseeb Abdul , Ehtesham Nasreen Z ,   Ghafoorunissa
Published: July 2005

Objective:Trans-fatty acids (TFAs) are formed during partial hydrogenation of vegetable oils and are shown to be more atherogenic than saturated fatty acids (SFAs). Our previous study showed that dietary TFAs decrease adipose tissue insulin sensitivity to a greater extent than SFAs in rats. We hypothesized that the effects of these fatty acids on insulin sensitivity could be mediated through an alteration in gene expression. In the current study we have investigated the effects of dietary TFAs or SFAs on expression of genes associated with insulin sensitivity in rat adipose tissue.Design and methods: Male weanling Wistar/NIN rats were divided into four groups and fed one of the following diets containing 10% fat (g/100 g diet) differing only in the fatty acid composition for 3 months: control diet (3.7% linoleic acid (LA)), SFA diet (5% SFA), TFA diet 1 (1.5% TFA + 1% LA) and TFA diet 2 (1.5% TFA + 2% LA). The mRNA expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), glucose transporter-4 (GLUT4), resistin and adiponectin was analyzed in epididymal fat using RT-PCR. The effects of TFA were studied at two levels of LA to understand the beneficial effects of LA over the effects of TFA.Results: Both dietary SFA and TFA upregulated the mRNA levels of resistin. Dietary SFA downregulated adiponectin and GLUT4 and upregulated LPL, while TFA downregulated PPARγ and LPL. The effects of dietary TFA on PPARγ and resistin were not counteracted by increased LA (TFA diet 2).Conclusion: The effects of SFAs on the aforementioned genes except PPARγ could be extrapolated towards decreased insulin sensitivity, while only the alteration in the mRNA levels of PPARγ and resistin could be associated with insulin resistance in TFA-fed rats. These findings suggest that dietary SFAs and TFAs alter the expression of different genes associated with insulin sensitivity in adipose tissue.
Effect of rosiglitazone on insulin resistance, C-reactive protein and endothelial function in non-obese young women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Tarkun İlhan , Çetinarslan Berrin , Türemen Erdem , Şahin Tayfun , Cantürk Zeynep , Komsuoğlu Baki 
Published: July 2005

Objective: Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) exhibit elevated levels of serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and impaired endothelium dysfunction which are directly correlated with insulin resistance. Because rosiglitazone improves insulin sensitivity, we tested whether rosiglitazone treatment ameliorates high-sensitivity (hs)CRP levels and endothelial dysfunction in these patients.
Design: Thirty-one women with PCOS were recruited (mean age, 24.7±3.9 (s.e.) years; mean body mass index (BMI), 25.6±3.2 kg/m2). All women were treated with 4mg rosiglitazone daily for 12 months.
Methods: Serum levels of testosterone, LH, FSH, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), insulin and hsCRP were measured. The BMI, hirsutism scores and insulin sensitivity indices were calculated before and after treatment. Arterial endothelium and smooth muscle function was measured by examining brachial artery responses to endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent stimuli before and after treatment.
Results: After treatment with rosigitazone there were significant decreases in serum testosterone (91.2±37.5 vs 56.1±21.8 ng/dl; P < 0.01) and fasting insulin concentrations (12.5±7.6 vs 8.75±4.03μU/ml; P = 0.015). Insulin resistance indices were significantly improved after rosiglitazone treatment (P < 0.05). There were no significant changes in BMI, waist circumference, serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, FSH and LH levels. Hirsutism score was decreased significantly after treatment (10.8±1.8 vs 7.6±1.7; P < 0.05). Twenty-four of the women reverted to regular menstrual cycles. Levels of SHBG increased significantly after treatment (28.7±8.7 vs 48.4±11.2 nmol/l; P < 0.01). Serum hsCRP levels were decreased significantly after rosiglitazone treatment (0.25±0.1 vs 0.09±0.02 mg/dl; P = 0.006). There was also significant improvement in endothelium-dependent vascular responses after rosiglitazone treatment (9.9±3.9 vs 16.4±5.1%; P < 0.01).
Conclusions: We conclude that rosiglitazone treatment improves insulin sensitivity in women with PCOS. It also decreases androgen production without significant weight gain. More importantly, it has beneficial effects on endothelial dysfunction and low-grade chronic inflammation in normal weight young women with PCOS.