bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mutations in CYP11B1 and Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia in Moroccan Jews
Authors: Paperna Tamar , Gershoni-Baruch Ruth , Badarneh Kader , Kasinetz Leah , Hochberg Ze’ev 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
Context: In Jews of Moroccan descent (MJ), the prevalence of steroid 11β-hydroxylase deficiency (11-OHD) is relatively high, with a carrier rate estimated as approximately one in 40. A single mutation in the CYP11B1 gene (encoding 11β-hydroxylase), R448H, was suggested to account for the disease alleles in this population.
Study Subjects: We screened 236 healthy MJ for R448H.
Results: Only two of the subjects screened were found to be carriers, suggesting that the R448H allele frequency is lower than was assumed previously. An R448H/R448C compound heterozygote patient, diagnosed with 11-OHD, was identified. However, a subsequent screen of MJ subjects for R448C failed to detect any carriers, suggesting that this was a private mutation of this family.
Conclusion: The high incidence of 11-OHD in MJ, therefore, is only partially explained by the presence of R448H as a founder mutation.
Collaborative Services Among Community Pharmacies for Patients with Diabetes
Authors: Storimans Michiel J , Klungel Olaf H , Talsma Herre , Bouvy Marcel L , de Blaey Cornelis J 
Published: September 2005

BACKGROUND: Patients performing self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) may benefit from community pharmacy services. However, wide-scale implementation of these services is limited. Many pharmacy characteristics (eg, physical layout of the pharmacy, knowledge and competence of the pharmacy team) are reported to be relevant when implementing these services. Still, the importance of local agreements on the division of roles with, for example, local general practitioners or diabetes nurses, is less clear. Objective: To study the association between local collaboration and the level of services provided by community pharmacies to patients performing SMBG. METHODS: In 2004, we performed a cross-sectional survey among all 1692 Dutch community pharmacies. Data were gathered on provision of services for SMBG, local agreements, and pharmacy characteristics. Data were analyzed using logistic regression. Associations were adjusted for pharmacy characteristics. RESULTS: About 44% (724) of the community pharmacies returned the questionnaire. Pharmacies that were not involved in local collaborative services on patient counseling reported to provide fewer services compared with those that were involved in such agreements (OR 0.26, 95% CI 0.13 to 0.53). Similar findings were observed for agreements on calibration of SMBG equipment (0.17, 0.04 to 0.71). The associations remained after adjusting for pharmacy characteristics. CONCLUSIONS: Local collaboration on the division of roles in diabetes care between healthcare professionals is independently associated with the number of pharmacy services provided to patients performing SMBG.
Prediction of global VLE for mixtures with improved renormalization group theory
Authors: Mi Jianguo , Zhong Chongli , Li Yi‐Gui , Tang Yiping 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe recently proposed renormalization group (RG) theory is reformulated within the context of density functional theory and applied to predicting global vapor–liquid equilibria (VLE) of Lennard–Jones chain pure fluids and fluid mixtures. An accurate equation based on the solution of the first‐order mean‐sphere approximation (FMSA) is adopted outside the critical region. Inside the critical region, the direct correlation function of FMSA is incorporated into the new RG transformation to describe the long‐range fluctuation, which is conformal to general inhomogeneous studies. The new RG theory is applied to correcting real mixture phase envelopes, as well as corresponding phase diagrams of pure compounds for the critical region. The calculated results are in substantial agreement with those from experiment and molecular simulation both inside and outside the critical region. The new method is highly predictive because no adjustable parameters and no mixing rule are needed for both model and real fluid mixtures. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Long‐term results of hyperfractionated radiation and high‐dose intraarterial cisplatin for unresectable oropharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Spring Paul M. , Valentino Joseph , Arnold Susanne M. , Sloan David , Kenady Daniel , Kudrimoti Mahesh , Haydon Richard C. , Lee Charles , Given Curtis , Mohiuddin Mohammed , Regine William F. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn this report, the authors present the results from a study of patients with unresectable oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas who were treated on a protocol of hyperfractionated radiation and high‐dose intraarterial cisplatin (HYPERRADPLAT) at the University of Kentucky.METHODSThe study was designed as a prospective, single‐armed case series that was conducted in the setting of a single, academic, tertiary referral center. The patient cohort consisted of 24 previously untreated patients who were diagnosed with unresectable oropharyngeal carcinoma and were treated on the HYPERRADPLAT regimen, which included hyperfractionated external beam radiotherapy (1.2 grays [Gy] twice daily) was given for 5 weeks (60 Gy) followed by high‐dose intraarterial cisplatin (150 mg/m2) and sodium thiosulfate. Shrinking “large‐field” portals were started on Week 6 and finished on Week 7 with a cumulative dose of 76.8–81.6 Gy. The main outcome measures of the study were the primary and neck response rates, the 2‐year and 5‐year overall survival and disease‐specific survival rates, and acute and late treatment morbidity.RESULTSThe median follow‐up was 77 months. Complete response rates at the primary and regional lymph nodes were both 88%. The 2‐year overall survival and disease‐specific survival rates were 57% and 68%, respectively; whereas the 5‐year overall survival and disease‐specific survival rates were 33% and 42%, respectively. Two patients had Grade 4 mucosal toxicity, and no patient experienced neurologic or significant hematologic toxicities. Within 1 year of treatment, 58% of patients had used a feeding tube.CONCLUSIONSThe HYPERRADPLAT regimen produced excellent response rates and overall survival rates comparable to those achieved by patients who had unresectable oropharyngeal carcinomas. Tolerance of the therapy was good, and further studies using HYPERRADPLAT with induction therapy may improve outcomes further in this subset of patients with unfavorable disease. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Perylene Dyes with High Resistance to Alkali
Authors: Langhals Heinz , Jaschke Harald , Bastani‐Oskoui Haleh , Speckbacher Markus 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe attachment of a γ‐hydroxy alkyl group to a nitrogen atom of perylene‐3,4:9,10‐tetracarboxylic bisimides results in a persistency to alkaline hydrolysis, even to alkali alcoholates. The solubility of these dyes can be controlled by substituents in theβ‐position of the alkyl groups so that either highly stable pigments or dyes for homogeneous solutions with high fluorescence quantum yields are obtained. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
1,3‐Thiazoline‐5‐thiolates and 1,3‐Thiazole‐5(2H)‐thiones by [3+2]‐Cycloaddition of Carbon Disulfide to Metalated 4‐Alkylidene‐4H‐pyridin‐1‐ides
Authors: Hampe Diana , Görls Helmar , Anders Ernst 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe 4‐alkylidene‐4H‐pyridin‐1‐ides 1(–), which are ambident anions derived from azomethines 1a–e, react easily with CS2 to yield the lithium 2,3‐dihydro‐1,3‐thiazole‐5‐thiolates 3a–e. Two mechanisms are basically possible for this cyclization: a concerted process similar to a 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition or a two‐step reaction which starts with a Cα CS2 coupling and continues with a ring closure reaction to yield lithium thiazolidine‐5‐thiones 2. A proton migration from the Cα position to the previous imino N‐atom then follows to form the 2,3‐dihydro‐1,3‐thiazole‐5‐thiolates 3a–e. Protonation of 3 and a final oxidation of the intermediates 6 results in the formation of 1,3‐thiazole‐5(2H)‐thiones 7. This last step is always accompanied by a hydrolysis which results in 1,3‐thiazole‐5(2H)‐ones 8 as side products. In addition, a surprising byproduct 9 was found in the reaction of 1e with NaH and CS2 in pyridine. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Syntheses and Oligonucleotide Incorporation of Nucleoside Analogues Containing Pendant Imidazolyl or Amino Functionalities – The Search for Sequence‐Specific Artificial Ribonucleases
Authors: Holmes Stephen C. , Gait Michael J. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractOligonucleotide derivatives containing imidazolyl and amino functionalities have been proposed as artificial ribonucleases that might mimic the activities of RNase A but with greater sequence specificity. Such oligonucleotide reagents would have important applications as enhanced antisense reagents that obviate the need to recruit a cellular nuclease or nuclease complex. We present the syntheses of six nucleoside phosphoramidite analogues containing pendant protected imidazolyl or amino groups and their incorporation into oligonucleotides. We show that the six functionalised phosphoramidites have similar efficiencies of incorporation and present mass spectral evidence that the composition of an oligonucleotide library of 81 components is consistent with the expected mass mixture distribution. Such phosphoramidites are thus suitable starting materials for construction of mixed oligonucleotide libraries containing a region of imidazolyl and amino‐modified nucleotides ready for screening for sequence‐specific ribonuclease activity. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Synthesis of Annelated Azaheterocycles Containing a 5‐Carbamoylpyrazin‐3‐one Fragment by a Modification of the Four‐Component Ugi Reaction
Authors: Ilyin Alexey P. , Kobak Vladimir V. , Dmitrieva Irina G. , Peregudova Yulia N. , Kustova Veronika A. , Mishunina Yulia S. , Tkachenko Sergey E. , Ivachtchenko Alexandre V. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractA convenient synthesis of novel imidazole‐ and pyrrole‐fused 1‐oxo‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydropyrazine heterocyclic structures by a novel modification of the four‐component Ugi condensation is described. The usefulness and versatility of the developed approach for the synthesis of variously substituted compounds is demonstrated and the scope and limitations of the chemistry involved are discussed. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Quadratic programming algorithm for wall slip and free boundary pressure condition
Authors: Wu C. W. , Sun H. X. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractWall slip is often observed in a highly sheared fluid film in a solid gap. This makes a difficulty in mathematical analysis for the hydrodynamic effect because fluid velocity at the liquid–solid interfaces is not known a priori. If the gap has a convergent–divergent wedge, a free boundary pressure condition, i.e. Reynolds pressure boundary condition, is usually used in the outlet zone in numerical solution. This paper, based on finite element method and parametric quadratic programming technique, gives a numerical solution technique for a coupled boundary non‐linearity of wall slip and free boundary pressure condition. It is found that the numerical error decreases with the number of elements in a negative power law having an index larger than 2. Our method does not need an iterative process and can simultaneously gives rise to fluid film pressure distribution, wall slip velocity and surface shear stress. Wall slip always decreases the hydrodynamic pressure. Large wall slip even causes a null hydrodynamic pressure in a pure sliding solid gap. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A study of the recirculating flow in planar, symmetrical branching channels
Authors: Tsui Yeng‐Yung , Lu Chih‐Yu 
Published: September 2005

AbstractA numerical method is employed to examine the flow in symmetrical, two‐dimensional branches of Y shape and Tee shape. The methodology is based on a pressure‐correction procedure within the frame of unstructured grids. Specified pressures are imposed at the outlets of the two branches. The area ratio of the branch is allowed to vary in the range of 2–3. Separation of the flow in the bifurcating region is inevitable. With equal outlet pressures, symmetrical flow patterns prevail except for the Y type branch under the conditions of high Reynolds numbers and large area ratios. This implies that the Y‐branch flow is more sensitive to small disturbances. It is shown that with a slightly higher pressure imposed on one of the two branches the structure of the recirculating flow for the Y type is greatly affected and the flow rate is reduced dramatically in the high‐pressure branch channel. In contrast, the influence on the Tee type branch is much lower since the flow behaves like a jet impinging on a confined duct. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Consensus Proposals for a Unified System of Nomenclature of Hepatitis C Virus Genotypes *
Authors: Simmonds Peter , Bukh Jens , Combet Christophe , Deléage Gilbert , Enomoto Nobuyuki , Feinstone Stephen , Halfon Phillippe , Inchauspé Geneviève , Kuiken Carla , Maertens Geert , Mizokami Masashi , Murphy Donald G. , Okamoto Hiroaki , Pawlotsky Jean-Michel , Penin François , Sablon Erwin , Shin-I Tadasu , Stuyver Lieven J. , Thiel Heinz-Jürgen , Viazov Sergei , Weiner Amy J. , Widell Anders 
Published: September 2005

Abstract

International standardization and coordination of the nomenclature of variants of hepatitis C virus (HCV) is increasingly needed as more is discovered about the scale of HCV-related liver disease and important biological and antigenic differences that exist between variants. A group of scientists expert in the field of HCV genetic variability, and those involved in development of HCV sequence databases, the Hepatitis Virus Database (Japan), euHCVdb (France), and Los Alamos (United States), met to re-examine the status of HCV genotype nomenclature, resolve conflicting genotype or subtype names among described variants of HCV, and draw up revised criteria for the assignment of new genotypes as they are discovered in the future. A comprehensive listing of all currently classified variants of HCV incorporates a number of agreed genotype and subtype name reassignments to create consistency in nomenclature. The paper also contains consensus proposals for the classification of new variants into genotypes and subtypes, which recognizes and incorporates new knowledge of HCV genetic diversity and epidemiology. A proposal was made that HCV variants be classified into 6 genotypes (representing the 6 genetic groups defined by phylogenetic analysis). Subtype name assignment will be either confirmed or provisional, depending on the availability of complete or partial nucleotide sequence data, or remain unassigned where fewer than 3 examples of a new subtype have been described.
In conclusion
, these proposals provide the framework by which the HCV databases store and provide access to data on HCV, which will internationally coordinate the assignment of new genotypes and subtypes in the future. (Hepatology 2005.)
Subnuclear targeting of Runx1 Is required for synergistic activation of the myeloid specific M‐CSF receptor promoter by PU.1
Authors: Li Xiangen , Vradii Diana , Gutierrez Soraya , Lian Jane B. , van Wijnen Andre J. , Stein Janet L. , Stein Gary S. , Javed Amjad 
Published: September 2005

AbstractMany types of acute myelogenous leukemia involve chromosomal translocations that target the C‐terminus of Runx1/AML1 transcription factor, a master regulator of hematopoiesis. The C‐terminus of Runx1/AML1 that includes the nuclear matrix targeting signal (NMTS) is essential for embryonic development, hematopoiesis, and target gene regulation. During the onset and normal progression of hematopoiesis, several lineage‐specific factors such as C/EBPα and PU.1 interact with Runx1 to regulate transcription combinatorially. Here we addressed the functional interplay between subnuclear targeting of Runx1 and gene activation during hematopoiesis. Point mutations were generated in the NMTS of the human Runx1 protein and tested for their effect on transcriptional cooperativity with C/EBPα and PU.1 at myeloid‐specific promoters. We characterized five mutants that do not alter nuclear import, DNA binding or C/EBPα‐dependent synergistic activation of the target gene promoters. However a critical tyrosine in the NMTS is required for subnuclear targeting and activation of the granulocyte‐macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) promoter. Furthermore, this point mutation is defective for transcriptional synergism with PU.1 on the macrophage colony stimulating factor (MCSF) receptor c‐FMS promoter. Our results indicate that the NMTS region of Runx1 is required for functional interactions with PU.1. Taken together, our findings establish that subnuclear targeting of Runx1 is a critical component of myeloid‐specific transcriptional control. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inhibition of low density lipoprotein receptor expression by long‐term exposure to phorbol ester via p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathway
Authors: Oh Jiyoung , Choi Yon Sik , Kim Jun‐Woo , Park Joong‐Yeol , Kim Seung‐Whan , Park Kun‐Koo , Pak Youngmi Kim 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe proximal region −234 to (+58 bp) of low‐density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) is responsible for its up‐regulation by sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP). However, the mechanism of sterol‐independent repression of LDLR has not been determined yet. In this study, we observed that there was an early induction and a later repression of LDLR by phorbol ester (PMA) in SK‐Hep1 hepatocarcinoma cells and investigated the mechanisms through which PMA repressed LDLR transcription. SK‐Hep1 cells were exposed to PMA and LDLR mRNA was evaluated by RT‐PCR and Northern blot analysis. The effect of phorbol ester on LDLR transcriptional activity was studied using transient transfection of LDLR promoter‐luciferase constructs. Overexpression of N‐SREBP‐2, a dominant positive SREBP2, did not reverse the PMA‐repressed LDLR promoter activity. Serial deletion of LDLR promoter revealed that the region between −1,563 and −1,326 was responsible for the repression. The pretreatment with SB202190, an inhibitor for p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathway (p38‐MAPK), but not other signaling inhibitors, reversed the PMA‐induced repression. The 24 h‐treatment with PMA efficiently arrested the SK‐Hep1 cell cycle at G0/G1 as demonstrated by FACS analysis and decreased the 3H‐thymidine incorporation. The PMA‐induced repression of LDLR transcription may be exerted by the factor(s), not SREBP2, induced or modified by p38‐MAPK‐mediated signaling pathway and associated with cell cycle blockage. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nicotinic and PDGF‐receptor function are essential for nicotine‐stimulated mitogenesis in human vascular smooth muscle cells
Authors: Pestana Ivo A. , Vazquez‐Padron Roberto I. , Aitouche Abdelouahab , Pham Si M. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractCigarette smoking is implicated in the formation of occlusive vascular diseases. Nicotine's role in this process is incompletely understood. Nicotine's effect on human aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (HaVSMC) and the role of the nicotinic receptor (nAChR), platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF), and the PDGF‐receptor (PDGF‐R) in this response were studied. Nicotine's mitogenic effect was characterized by three methods: thymidine incorporation, a viability/proliferation assay based on metabolic conversion of tetrazolium salt to formazan dye and cell counting. Nicotine administration (10−6 M) stimulated cell cycle entry marked by increased DNA synthesis, PCNA and cyclin D1 production, and increased cell division. Nicotinic receptor blockade with d‐tubocurarine, a nicotinic AchR blocker, decreased nicotine‐induced DNA synthesis, and cell division (0.33 ± 0.04, 0.77 ± 0.31‐fold decrease, respectively). Nicotine increased cellular PDGF‐BB transcript levels and protein release (ELISA: 1.6 ± 0.5‐fold increase) but not PDGF‐AA or PDGF–AB release. Nicotine increased PDGFβ‐receptor protein content. PDGF inactivation with anti‐PDGF antibody abolished nicotine‐induced DNA synthesis (1.9 ± 0.08‐fold decrease). PDGF‐R blockade with the PDGF‐R antagonist tyrphostin AG 1295 decreased nicotine‐induced DNA synthesis and cell division (0.25 ± 0.01, 0.44 ± 0.2‐fold decrease, respectively). PDGF‐R blockade reversed nicotine‐stimulated increases in PDGF release, PDGF‐BB transcripts, and PDGF‐receptor levels (0.68 ± 0.34; 0.46 ± 0.01; 0.28 ± 0.01‐fold decrease, respectively). In conclusion, nicotine‐mediated activation of nAChRs increases PDGF‐BB transcription and protein production as well as PDGF β‐receptor levels. PDGF‐BB/PDGF‐R interaction is vital in nicotine's mitogenic actions on human aortic smooth muscle cells. J. Cell. Biochem. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Optimized transfection of diced siRNA into mature primary human osteoclasts: Inhibition of cathepsin K mediated bone resorption by siRNA
Authors: Selinger Christina I. , Day Christopher J. , Morrison Nigel A. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractOsteoclasts are large multinucleated cells responsible for bone resorption. Bone resorption is dependent on the liberation of calcium by acid and protease destruction of the bone matrix by proteinases. The key proteinase produced by the osteoclast is cathepsin K. Targeted knock‐down of cathepsin K was performed using small inhibitory RNA (siRNA). siRNA is a method that introduces short double‐stranded RNA molecules that instruct the RNA‐induced silencing complex (RISC) to degrade mRNA species complementary to the siRNA. Transfection of siRNA by lipid cations allows for short‐term inhibition of expression of the targeted gene. We show that transfection of primary human osteoclasts with siRNA to cathepsin K reduces expression by ≥60% and significantly inhibits bone resorption with a reduction of both resorption pit numbers (P = 0.018) and resorbed area (P = 0.013). We also show that FuGENE 6 is an effective lipid transfection reagent with which to transfect primary human osteoclasts, that does not produce off‐target effects. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reduced alpha adrenergic mediated contraction of renal preglomerular blood vessels as a function of gender and aging
Authors: Passmore John C. , Joshua Irving G. , Rowell Peter P. , Tyagi Suresh C. , Falcone Jeff C. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractAs human males age, a decline in baroreflex‐mediated elevation of blood pressure occurs due, at least in part, to a reduction in alpha‐1 adrenergic vasoconstrictor function. Alpha adrenergic constriction is mediated by guanosine triphosphate binding Protein (G Protein) coupled signaling pathways. Alpha‐1 A/C, B, and D adrenergic receptor expressions, measured by GeneChip array, are not reduced during aging in renal blood vessels of male or female rats. Alpha‐1 A GeneChip expression is greater, at all ages studied, in females than in males. Prazosin binding by alpha‐1 adrenergic receptors is greater in young adult female rats than in young adult male rats; however, it is reduced with aging in both male and female rats. G alpha q GeneChip expression declines while expression of adrenergic receptor kinase (GRK2) and tyrosine phosphatases (TyrP) increase with aging in male rats. The declines in alpha‐1 adrenergic receptor binding and G alpha q expression and also the increases in GRK2 and TyrP expression likely relate to the age‐related decline of vasoconstriction in male rats. The information that the expression of alpha‐1 A adrenergic receptors is greater in female rats and (GRK2) expression does not increase during aging could relate to the gender differences in vasoconstrictor function with aging. Gene therapy to ameliorate the age‐related decline in renal function could possibly reduce the need for renal dialysis. Signaling pathways such as those reviewed herein may provide an outline of the molecular pathways needed to move toward successful renal gene therapy for aging individuals. J. Cell. Biochem. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.