bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transformer and Graph Convolutional Network for Text Classification
Authors: Liu Boting , Guan Weili , Yang Changjin , Fang Zhijie , Lu Zhiheng 
Published: October 2023

AbstractGraph convolutional network (GCN) is an effective tool for feature clustering. However, in the text classification task, the traditional TextGCN (GCN for Text Classification) ignores the context word order of the text. In addition, TextGCN constructs the text graph only according to the context relationship, so it is difficult for the word nodes to learn an effective semantic representation. Based on this, this paper proposes a text classification method that combines Transformer and GCN. To improve the semantic accuracy of word node features, we add a part of speech (POS) to the word-document graph and build edges between words based on POS. In the layer-to-layer of GCN, the Transformer is used to extract the contextual and sequential information of the text. We conducted the experiment on five representative datasets. The results show that our method can effectively improve the accuracy of text classification and is better than the comparison method.
Advances in airway management in recent 10 years from 2013 to 2023
Authors: Liu Yurui , He Yuewen , Wang Xia , Li Jingjing , Zhang Zhengze , Zhuang Xuhui , Liu Hao , Li Ruogen , Liu Huihui , Zhuang Yuerong , Wang Qiong , Tang Zhihang , Wang Yong , Ma Wuhua 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDifficult airway management has been the focus in the field of anesthesiology. Clinical research in difficult airway management has made some progress in the last 10 years. We searched the relevant literature and summarized the latest clinical research in the field of difficult airway management in this review to provide some practice strategies for difficult airway management for anesthesiologists as well as a range of professionals.Graphical Abstract
Precarious work and challenger parties: how precarity influenced vote choice in the 2018 Italian election
Authors: Girardi Elisabetta 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAcross Western European democracies, the last 20 years have seen a growth of precarious employment and the rise of challenger parties. Both trends are especially marked in Italy, where occupational insecurity has become the norm and over half of the electorate has turned to a challenger party. In this article, I investigate the relationship between these two phenomena, addressing the question of whether and how precarity in the labor market influenced vote choice in the 2018 general election. First, I provide descriptive evidence that the Italian labor market shifted from dualism to generalized precarization. Second, I empirically investigate the relationship between precarity and voting in this context. The results show that the perception of precarity, not formal employment status, influenced voting behavior: it fostered participation, increased support for the Five Star Movement, and decreased support for the Democratic Party. These findings challenge core assumptions in the literature, first and foremost about precarious workers' low turnout rate, difficult mobilization, and consequent political irrelevance. They indicate that the electoral weight of precarious workers has increased, and their representation can be electorally beneficial.
Pandemic science and commercial values: An institutional account of values in science
Authors: Fernández Pinto Manuela 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe different social institutions involved in the development and distribution of science and technology tend to promote, primarily, commercial and private interests, even in situations with high social stakes. Acknowledging how these interests interplay with social and epistemic values is fundamental for understanding the role of values in science today. To show this, I use the global pandemic and the race to develop and distribute vaccines against COVID-19 as an example. I argue that a mere circumstantial alignment of values across the social institutions of science is not enough and that instead we need a more substantive alignment.
Where memory resides: Is there a rivalry between molecular and synaptic models of memory?
Authors: Colaço David , Najenson Jonathan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRecent proposals that the substrate of memory is molecular raise questions about where this molecular model stands in relation to the dominant synaptic model of memory. In this article, we address the perceived rivalry between these models and ask whether they can be integrated. We argue that addressing rivalry or integration requires delineating the explananda of synaptic and molecular models, as well as revisiting assumptions about how these models account for their explananda. The perceived rivalry between these models exemplifies epistemic costs that arise when we try to pit explanatory models as rivals or integrate them.
Structuring Institutions for Responsible and Accountable Science
Authors: Douglas Heather 
Published: October 2023

AbstractOversight institutions that hold science and scientists accountable for responsible science have thus far not focused on the general societal impact of science. Responsibility for societal impact is now a pervasive aspect of scientific practice, but accountability remains elusive. I argue here that we should proceed cautiously, and that only clear and precise floors for responsibility should have accountability mechanisms. For the remainder of societal responsibilities in science, we should institutionalize assistive ethical mechanisms, which help scientists meet their responsibilities and share rather than offload ethical labor.
Moral emotions underlie puritanical morality
Authors: Zhu Ruida , Liu Chao 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Fitouchi et al. illustrate the cognitive and evolutionary foundations of puritanical morality, while leave the emotional foundation unclear. We complement their theory by proposing moral emotions (e.g., guilt and shame) as characteristic emotions underlying puritanical morality. Our proposition is based on the findings that these moral emotions emerge after violations of puritanical norms and promote self-control and cooperation.
Purity is not a distinct moral domain
Authors: Kollareth Dolichan , Russell James A. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Purity violations overlap with other moral domains. They are not uniquely characterized by hypothesized markers of purity – the witness's emotion of disgust, taint to perpetrator's soul, or the diminished role of intention in moral judgment. Thus, Fitouchi et al.'s proposition that puritanical morality (a subset of violations in the purity domain) is part of cooperation-based morality is an important advance.
A broader theory of cooperation can better explain “purity”
Authors: Curry Oliver Scott , Sznycer Daniel 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSelf-control provides one cooperative explanation for “purity.” Other types of cooperation provide additional explanations. For example, individuals compete for status by displaying high-value social and sexual traits, which are moralised because they reduce the mutual costs of conflict. As this theory predicts, sexually unattractive traits are perceived as morally bad, aside from self-control. Moral psychology will advance more quickly by drawing on all theories of cooperation.
Drinking and feasting are perceived as facilitating cooperation
Authors: Fu Yuhan , Viera Gerardo 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We argue that the occurrence of puritanical norms cannot simply be explained by appealing to the need for cooperation. Anthropological and archaeological studies suggest that across history and cultures’ self-indulgent behaviours, such as excessive drinking, eating, and feasting, have been used to enhance cooperation by enforcing social and group identities.
The Development of Abstract Word Meanings
Authors: MURAKI Emiko J. , REGGIN Lorraine D. , FEDDEMA Carissa Y. , PEXMAN Penny M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractExtensive research has shown that children’s early words are learned through sensorimotor experience. Thus, early-acquired words tend to have more concrete meanings. Abstract word meanings tend to be learned later but less is known about their acquisition. We collected meaning-specific concreteness ratings and examined their relationship with age-of-acquisition data from large-scale vocabulary testing with children in grade 2 to college age. Earlier-acquired meanings were rated as more concrete while later-acquired meanings as more abstract, particularly for words typically considered to be concrete. The results suggest that sensorimotor experiences are important to early-acquired word meanings, and other experiences (e.g., linguistic) are important to later-acquired meanings, consistent with a multi-representational view of lexical semantics.
The effect of albumın and total proteın values as nutrıtıonal markers after Fontan surgery on prognosıs
Authors: Kara Kenan Abdurrahman , Arslanoğlu Ergin , Yigit Fatih , Arkan Cuneyt , Yılmaz Abdullah Arif , Akardere Ömer Faruk , Cine Nihat , Tuncer Eylem , Çetiner Nilüfer , Ceyran Hakan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIntroduction:Children with CHD develop heart failure due to increased pulmonary blood flow, cyanosis, and pulmonary hypertension. The metabolic needs of these children differ from those of healthy children, and malnutrition is common. Protein-losing enteropathy has been reported in 5 to 13% of patients after the Fontan procedure. Serum albumin and total protein levels, which are indicators of the quality of post-operative care, can be useful tools for monitoring and examining the intensive care treatment strategies of these patients. In our retrospective study, the effects of albumin and total protein values, which are two of the markers that give us an idea about diet, nutritional status, and inflammation, on the prognosis of children who underwent the Fontan procedure were investigated.Method:In our study, 127 patients who underwent Fontan procedure in our clinic between 2012 and 2021 were analysed retrospectively. Of the patients, 52.7% (n = 67) were male and 47.3% (n = 60) were female. The mean age is 5.83 ± 4.63 years. Patients who underwent albumin replacement were not included in the study.Results:Although the relationship between pre-operative albumin and total protein values and post-operative mortality was not statistically significant, the inverse correlation of post-operative albumin 1st, 2nd, and 3rd-day values and post-operative total protein 1st, 2nd, and 3rd-day values with mortality was found to be statistically significant. In addition, we found that mortality was statistically high in patients whose total protein amount was below 6.65 mg/dl in the early post-operative period.Conclusion:Albumin and total protein, whose blood levels can vary with diet, can be used as predictors in the early post-operative prognosis of Fontan patients. In addition, when we examined the exitus patients, it was observed that the total protein amount was below 6.65 mg/dl on the post-operative 1st day. Based on this, we think that a diet with high protein content before surgery will help reduce post-operative early mortality.
Modeling study of the effect of placebo and medical therapy on storage and voiding symptoms, nocturia, and quality of life in men with prostate enlargement at risk for progression
Authors: Gravas Stavros , Manuel-Palacios Juan , Chavan Chandrashekhar , Roehrborn Claus G. , Oelke Matthias , Averbeck Marcio Augusto , Biswas Arunangshu , García Llenalia María , Mohamed Khadeeja , Cortes Vanessa 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Modeling studies using large datasets from men with lower urinary tract symptoms/benign prostate enlargement (LUTS/BPE) can predict changes in International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and risk of acute urinary retention/surgery under different treatment regimens and according to predictors (baseline characteristics) that commonly define risk of progression. We assessed the impact of treatments on different symptom types (storage, voiding, and nocturia), quality of life (QoL; IPSS Q8), and BPH Impact Index [BII]).

Methods
Generalized least squares models were used to predict each outcome. Data from the CombAT study were used to predict outcomes for active treatments (dutasteride, tamsulosin, combination therapy). Predictors included: age; IPSS total, storage, voiding, nocturia and QoL (IPSS Q8) scores; BII; prostate volume; maximum urine flow rate (Qmax), prostate-specific antigen, postvoid residual urine (PVR); alpha-blocker usage within 12 months. Data from phase III dutasteride monotherapy studies were used to predict placebo outcomes. Results were visualized using an interactive web-based tool (www.bphtool.com).

Results
Combination therapy provided greater predicted benefit than either monotherapy for all five outcomes for most patient profiles within the CombAT inclusion criteria. PVR and corresponding subscores were significant predictors of change in both storage and voiding subscores. Alpha-blocker use within 12 months, age (storage subscore), and Qmax (voiding subscore) were also significant predictors. PVR, age, Qmax, and nocturia score were significant predictors of change in nocturia. PVR, Qmax, previous alpha-blocker use, total IPSS, and QoL (IPSS Q8) score were significant predictors of change in QoL (IPSS Q8) score. For BII, significant predictors were PVR, age, total IPSS, and BII score. The multivariable effect of covariates and treatments is best visualized through the interactive web-based tool.

Conclusions
This predictive modeling study informs our understanding of how risk factors for disease progression interact and affect treatment impact on different symptom types and QoL scores.
Protistan predation selects for antibiotic resistance in soil bacterial communities
Authors: Nguyen Thi Bao-Anh , Bonkowski Michael , Dumack Kenneth , Chen Qing-Lin , He Ji-Zheng , Hu Hang-Wei 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Understanding how antibiotic resistance emerges and evolves in natural habitats is critical for predicting and mitigating antibiotic resistance in the context of global change. Bacteria have evolved antibiotic production as a strategy to fight competitors, predators and other stressors, but how predation pressure of their most important consumers (i.e., protists) affects soil antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) profiles is still poorly understood. To address this gap, we investigated responses of soil resistome to varying levels of protistan predation by inoculating low, medium and high concentrations of indigenous soil protist suspensions in soil microcosms. We found that an increase in protistan predation pressure was strongly associated with higher abundance and diversity of soil ARGs. High protist concentrations significantly enhanced the abundances of ARGs encoding multidrug (oprJ and ttgB genes) and tetracycline (tetV) efflux pump by 608%, 724% and 3052%, respectively. Additionally, we observed an increase in the abundance of numerous bacterial genera under high protistan pressure. Our findings provide empirical evidence that protistan predation significantly promotes antibiotic resistance in soil bacterial communities and advances our understanding of the biological driving forces behind the evolution and development of environmental antibiotic resistance.
A taxonomy of early diagnosis research to guide study design and funding prioritisation
Authors: Whitfield Emma , White Becky , Denaxas Spiros , Barclay Matthew E. , Renzi Cristina , Lyratzopoulos Georgios 
Published: October 2023

AbstractResearchers and research funders aiming to improve diagnosis seek to identify if, when, where, and how earlier diagnosis is possible. This has led to the propagation of research studies using a wide range of methodologies and data sources to explore diagnostic processes. Many such studies use electronic health record data and focus on cancer diagnosis. Based on this literature, we propose a taxonomy to guide the design and support the synthesis of early diagnosis research, focusing on five key questions:

Do healthcare use patterns suggest earlier diagnosis could be possible?

How does the diagnostic process begin?

How do patients progress from presentation to diagnosis?

How long does the diagnostic process take?

Could anything have been done differently to reach the correct diagnosis sooner?

We define families of diagnostic research study designs addressing each of these questions and appraise their unique or complementary contributions and limitations. We identify three further questions on relationships between the families and their relevance for examining patient group inequalities, supported with examples from the cancer literature. Although exemplified through cancer as a disease model, we recognise the framework is also applicable to non-neoplastic disease. The proposed framework can guide future study design and research funding prioritisation.
Autophagy: Regulator of cell death
Authors: Liu ShiZuo , Yao ShuaiJie , Yang Huan , Liu ShuaiJie , Wang YanJiao 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAutophagy is the process by which cells degrade and recycle proteins and organelles to maintain intracellular homeostasis. Generally, autophagy plays a protective role in cells, but disruption of autophagy mechanisms or excessive autophagic flux usually leads to cell death. Despite recent progress in the study of the regulation and underlying molecular mechanisms of autophagy, numerous questions remain to be answered. How does autophagy regulate cell death? What are the fine-tuned regulatory mechanisms underlying autophagy-dependent cell death (ADCD) and autophagy-mediated cell death (AMCD)? In this article, we highlight the different roles of autophagy in cell death and discuss six of the main autophagy-related cell death modalities, with a focus on the metabolic changes caused by excessive endoplasmic reticulum-phagy (ER-phagy)-induced cell death and the role of mitophagy in autophagy-mediated ferroptosis. Finally, we discuss autophagy enhancement in the treatment of diseases and offer a new perspective based on the use of autophagy for different functional conversions (including the conversion of autophagy and that of different autophagy-mediated cell death modalities) for the clinical treatment of tumors.
PACS-2 deficiency aggravates tubular injury in diabetic kidney disease by inhibiting ER-phagy
Authors: Yang Jinfei , Li Li , Li Chenrui , Chen Wei , Liu Yan , Luo Shilu , Zhao Chanyue , Han Yachun , Yang Ming , Zhao Hao , Jiang Na , Xi Yiyun , Tang Chengyuan , Cai Juan , Xiao Li , Liu Huafeng , Sun Lin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAutophagy of endoplasmic reticulum (ER-phagy) selectively removes damaged ER through autophagy-lysosome pathway, acting as an adaptive mechanism to alleviate ER stress and restore ER homeostasis. However, the role and precise mechanism of ER-phagy in tubular injury of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) remain obscure. In the present study, we demonstrated that ER-phagy of renal tubular cells was severely impaired in streptozocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice, with a decreased expression of phosphofurin acidic cluster sorting protein 2 (PACS-2), a membrane trafficking protein which was involved in autophagy, and a reduction of family with sequence similarity 134 member B (FAM134B), one ER-phagy receptor. These changes were further aggravated in mice with proximal tubule specific knockout of Pacs-2 gene. In vitro, transfection of HK-2 cells with PACS-2 overexpression plasmid partially improved the impairment of ER-phagy and the reduction of FAM134B, both of which were induced in high glucose ambience; while the effect was blocked by FAM134B siRNA. Mechanistically, PACS-2 interacted with and promoted the nuclear translocation of transcription factor EB (TFEB), which was reported to activate the expression of FAM134B. Collectively, these data unveiled that PACS-2 deficiency aggravates renal tubular injury in DKD via inhibiting ER-phagy through TFEB/FAM134B pathway.
Large-scale plasma proteomics comparisons through genetics and disease associations
Authors: Eldjarn Grimur Hjorleifsson , Ferkingstad Egil , Lund Sigrun H. , Helgason Hannes , Magnusson Olafur Th. , Gunnarsdottir Kristbjorg , Olafsdottir Thorunn A. , Halldorsson Bjarni V. , Olason Pall I. , Zink Florian , Gudjonsson Sigurjon A. , Sveinbjornsson Gardar , Magnusson Magnus I. , Helgason Agnar , Oddsson Asmundur , Halldorsson Gisli H. , Magnusson Magnus K. , Saevarsdottir Saedis , Eiriksdottir Thjodbjorg , Masson Gisli , Stefansson Hreinn , Jonsdottir Ingileif , Holm Hilma , Rafnar Thorunn , Melsted Pall , Saemundsdottir Jona , Norddahl Gudmundur L. , Thorleifsson Gudmar , Ulfarsson Magnus O. , Gudbjartsson Daniel F. , Thorsteinsdottir Unnur , Sulem Patrick , Stefansson Kari 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHigh-throughput proteomics platforms measuring thousands of proteins in plasma combined with genomic and phenotypic information have the power to bridge the gap between the genome and diseases. Here we performed association studies of Olink Explore 3072 data generated by the UK Biobank Pharma Proteomics Project1 on plasma samples from more than 50,000 UK Biobank participants with phenotypic and genotypic data, stratifying on British or Irish, African and South Asian ancestries. We compared the results with those of a SomaScan v4 study on plasma from 36,000 Icelandic people2, for 1,514 of whom Olink data were also available. We found modest correlation between the two platforms. Although cis protein quantitative trait loci were detected for a similar absolute number of assays on the two platforms (2,101 on Olink versus 2,120 on SomaScan), the proportion of assays with such supporting evidence for assay performance was higher on the Olink platform (72% versus 43%). A considerable number of proteins had genomic associations that differed between the platforms. We provide examples where differences between platforms may influence conclusions drawn from the integration of protein levels with the study of diseases. We demonstrate how leveraging the diverse ancestries of participants in the UK Biobank helps to detect novel associations and refine genomic location. Our results show the value of the information provided by the two most commonly used high-throughput proteomics platforms and demonstrate the differences between them that at times provides useful complementarity.