bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonisothermal fusion bonding in semicrystalline thermoplastics
Authors: Plummer Christopher J. G. , Bourban Pierre‐Etienne , Zanetto Jean‐Emile , Smith Gregory D. , Månson Jan‐Anders E. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThe development of the interfacial bond strength as a function of bonding conditions has been investigated in two representative semicrystalline thermoplastics, isotactic polypropylene and polyamide 12. If one side of the interface is well above the melting point immediately before contact, more rapid effective bonding is obtained for a given estimated interface temperature than under isothermal conditions. This is discussed in terms of a simple two‐parameter model for the critical strain energy release rate associated with crack propagation along the interface, which incorporates the rate of establishment of intimate contact at the interface. The model provides a self‐consistent phenomenological description of the time and temperature dependence of the bonding kinetics in polyamide 12 joints, although questions remain regarding the detailed mechanisms of bonding. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 87: 1267–1276, 2003
Assessing Equivalence Tests with Respect to their Expected p‐Value
Authors: Pflüger Rafael , Hothorn Torsten 
Published: December 2002

AbstractMonte‐Carlo simulation methods are commonly used for assessing the performance of statistical tests under finite sample scenarios. They help us ascertain the nominal level for tests with approximate level, e.g. asymptotic tests. Additionally, a simulation can assess the quality of a test on the alternative. The latter can be used to compare new tests and established tests under certain assumptions in order to determinate a preferable test given characteristics of the data.The key problem for such investigations is the choice of a goodness criterion. We expand the expected p‐value as considered by Sackrowitz and Samuel‐Cahn (1999) to the context of univariate equivalence tests. This presents an effective tool to evaluate new purposes for equivalence testing because of its independence of the distribution of the test statistic under null‐hypothesis. It helps to avoid the often tedious search for the distribution under null‐hypothesis for test statistics which have no considerable advantage over yet available methods. To demonstrate the usefulness in biometry a comparison of established equivalence tests with a nonparametric approach is conducted in a simulation study for three distributional assumptions.
Sample Size Requirements for Evaluation of Bridging Evidence
Authors: Liu Jen‐Pei , Hsueh Hueymiin , Chen James J. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThis paper addresses issues concerning methodologies on the sample size required for statistical evaluation of bridging evidence for a registration of pharmaceutical products in a new region. The bridging data can be either in the Complete Clinical Data Package (CCDP) generated during clinical drug development for submission to the original region or from a bridging study conducted in the new region after the pharmaceutical product was approved in the original region. When the data are in the CCDP, the randomized parallel dose‐response design stratified to the ethnic factors and region will generate internally valid data for evaluating similarity concurrently between the regions for assessment of the ability of extrapolation to the new region. Formula for sample size under this design is derived. The required sample size for evaluation of similarity between the regions can be at least four times as large as that needed for evaluation of treatment effects only. For a bridging study conducted in the new region in which the data of the foreign and new regions are not generated concurrently, a hierarchical model approach to incorporating the foreign bridging information into the data generated by the bridging study is suggested. The sample size required is evaluated. In general, the required sample size for the bridging trials in the new region is inversely proportional to equivalence limits, variability of primary endpoints, and the number of patients of the trials conducted in the original region.
Descending spinal projections from the rostral gigantocellular reticular nuclei complex
Authors: Hermann Gerlinda E. , Holmes Gregory M. , Rogers Richard C. , Beattie Michael S. , Bresnahan Jacqueline C. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractElectrophysiological and physiological studies have suggested that the ventral medullary gigantocellular reticular nuclei (composed of the gigantocellular ventralis and pars alpha nuclei as well as the adjacent lateral paragigantocellular nucleus; abbreviated Gi‐LPGi complex) provide descending control of pelvic floor organs (Mackel [1979] J. Physiol. (Lond.) 294:105–122; Hubscher and Johnson [1996] J. Neurophysiol. 76:2474–2482; Hubscher and Johnson [1999] J. Neurophysiol. 82:1381–1389; Johnson and Hubscher [1998] Neuroreport 9:341–345). Specifically, this complex of paramedian reticular nuclei has been implicated in the inhibition of sexual reflexes. In the present study, an anterograde fluorescent tracer was used to investigate direct descending projections from the Gi‐LPGi complex to retrogradely labeled pudendal motoneurons (MN) in the male rat. Our results demonstrated that, although a high density of arborizations from Gi‐LPGi fibers appears to be in close apposition to pudendal MNs, this relationship also applies to other MNs throughout the entire spinal cord. The Gi‐LPGi also projects to spinal autonomic regions, i.e., both the intermediolateral cell column and the sacral parasympathetic nucleus, as well as to regions of the intermediate gray, which contain interneurons involved in the organization of pelvic floor reflexes. Lastly, throughout the length of the spinal cord, numerous neurons located primarily in laminae VII–X, were retrogradely labeled with Fluoro‐Ruby after injections into the Gi‐LPGi. The diffuse descending projections and arborizations of this pathway throughout the spinal cord suggest that this brainstem area is involved in the direct, descending control of a variety of spinal activities. These results are in contrast with our observations of the discrete projections of the caudal nucleus raphe obscurus, which target the autonomic and somatic MNs involved specifically in sexual and eliminative functions (Hermann et al. [1998] J. Comp. Neurol. 397:458–474). J. Comp. Neurol. 455:210–221, 2003. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A novel method of temperature control for a crystal growth puller
Authors: He Y.Z. , Zhao Y.G. , Zhu M.H. , Zhang X.P. , Cao B.S. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractA facile method to control the contracting rate of the thermal expansible bars for pulling crystal is first suggested. The thermal expansible bars, set in a modified Dewar flask whose vacuum degree is controlled, are heated to designed temperature and then switch off the power to let it cool down at a desired rate, which depends largely on the changeable vacuum degree. This new approach is expected to completely eliminate the effects, which possibly reduces the smooth extent of thermal expansion, caused by the minor temperature fluctuations during crystal growth process and to realize the utmost smooth and slow pulling rate. It is expected to install this apparatus in optical floating zone furnace, instead of traditional motor, to grow peritectic crystal, such as crystal Bi‐2223, since for the peritectic reaction, in principle, the extremely slow growing rate is considerably essential.
Electronic charge distribution in the intermetallic compound MnHg
Authors: Saravanan R. , Israel S. , Swaminathan S. , Kalidoss R. , Muruganantham M. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThe Electron Density Distribution (EDD) of the Mn and Hg atoms in MnHg has been elucidated for the first time using the statistical approach MEM (Maximum Entropy Method). Reported powder X‐ray data have been used for the present analysis. Presently, MEM studies are gaining momentum because of the feasibility of mapping the refined electron densities with very high accuracy, well resolved and clear electron density distributions obtainable from this method, etc. Moreover, the MEM results resemble very nearly the true structure/electron densities unlike the conventional Fourier methods, which give biased information due to many reasons, the major one being the series termination error. In the present analysis, the bonding between Mn and Hg, and the electron content for different radii of the two atoms has been investigated. The thermal vibration of the two atoms has also been analyzed and reported. The thermal parameter of Hg has been more accurately determined than that of Mn, which is in consistent with the electron density distribution of the atoms.
Up‐conversion luminescence of ytterbium and thulium codoped potassium yttrium double tungstate crystal
Authors: Cheng Z. X. , Yi X. J. , Han J. R. , Chen H. C. , Wang X. L. , Liu H. K. , Dou S. X. , Song F. , Guo H. C. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThulium and ytterbium co‐doped double tungstate Yb3+,Tm3+: NaY(WO4)2 single crystals were prepared by using RF‐heating Czochralski (CZ) pulling method. Its polarized transmittance spectra have been recorded in the region of 290‐2000 nm at room temperature. The energy levels transitions were assigned to the corresponding absorption line. The up‐conversion luminescences at 793 nm and 475 nm were measured when the sample were pumped by 972 nm LD and the energy transfer mechanism between Yb3+ and Tm3+ ions was analyzed.
Nonlinear optical properties of ZnS nanocrystals incorporated within the polyvinyl alcohole photopolymer matrices
Authors: Ramtolli F. , Saccinni G. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractPhotoinduced nonlinear optical effects in ZnS nanocrystallites incorporated within the photopolymer polyvinyl alcohol matrices were studied. As a basic method we have used photoinduced optical second harmonic generation (SHG). The Q‐switched HF‐laser (λ = 2.64.μm; pulse duration 30‐40 ps) was used as a source of probing (fundamental) light beam and the pulsed nitrogen (λ = 337.7 nm) was applied as a source of the photoinducing pump light. With increasing photoinducing beam power, the output SHG signal (at λ = 1.32 μm) increases. The maximal second‐order non‐linear optical susceptibility corresponds to tensor component d123 = d14 = 3.8 ± 0.2 pm/V at a photoinducing power density equal to about 1.25 GW/cm2. With decreasing temperature, the SHG signal increases within the temperature range 25‐30 K. Time‐dependent pump‐probe measurements of the SHG indicate an existence of the SHG maximum for a pump‐probe delaying time 20 ps. The ZnS hexagonal structural components play a crucial role in the observed photoinduced second‐order non‐linear optical effects. Large values of the non‐linear optical constants as well the good technological parameters open a possibility to enhance the non‐linear optical susceptibilities of the investigated ZnS nanocrystallites.
Phase transition studies in mesogenic dimers
Authors: Gogoi B. , Alapati P. R. , Verma A. L. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractSchiff base liquid crystal dimers, both symmetric and non‐symmetric, in which two anisotropic groups are linked by a flexible spacer, exhibit a rich variety of smectic mesomorphism. The interest in this class of mesogens stems not only from their ability to act as model compounds for semi‐flexible mainchain liquid crystal polymers but also from their quite different properties compared to conventional low molar mass liquid crystals (monomers). We report here the phase transition studies on two examples of these schiff base liquid crystal dimers using the Differential Scanning Calorimetry and density measurements as a function of temperature. The symmetric liquid crystal dimer, α,ω‐bis (4‐n‐dodecylaniline benzylidene‐4′‐oxy)decane (10.O12O.10) exhibits a very rare Isotropic to G transition. Where as, the non‐symmetric dimer, α‐(4‐cyano biphenyl‐4′‐yloxy)‐ω‐(4‐n‐decylanilinebenzylidene‐4′‐oxy)decane (CB.O10O.10) exhibits a rare nematic to intercalated smectic A phase transition. The transitions studied, isotropic to nematic and isotropic to G exhibit a large density jump at the transition confirming their first order nature. Nematic to intercalated smectic A transition is found to be a second order transition whose behavior is similar to nematic to smectic A transition. Calculated values of pressure dependence of transition temperature and thermal expansion coefficient are also reported.
Characteristics of an induction motor with reduced turns of terminal coils
Authors: Hitosugi Kazuyoshi , Moriyasu Shoji , Nanba Noriyuki 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThe use of PWM inverters with high switching characteristics for the adjustable speed drive system causes an overvoltage with steep‐fronted waveform on the motor terminals. As this steep‐fronted transient voltage in inverter drive loads heavily on the terminal coils of motor winding, the insulation failure in the motor winding occurs mostly on the terminal coils. Therefore, it is reasonable to reduce the turns of terminal coils only and to increase the dielectric strength of interturn insulation.This paper presents a comparison of measured characteristics of normal induction motors and induction motors with reduced turns of terminal coils and also a comparison of the results measured and calculated by equivalent circuit. The appropriate rate of reduced turns of terminal coils is about 20%. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 142(3): 49–56, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10093
Development of equipment models for fast distribution three‐phase unbalanced load flow calculation
Authors: Oomori Toshiya , Genji Takamu , Yura Toshiki , Watanabe Takuya , Takayama Shinichi , Fukuyama Yoshikazu 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThis paper presents distribution system equipment models for fast distribution three‐phase unbalanced load flow calculation. Recently, the number of distributed generators introduced into distribution systems has been increasing and detailed system analysis using load flow calculation has been eagerly awaited. Moreover, since many distribution system loads are composed of single phase loads, three‐phase unbalanced load flow calculation is required for the distribution system analysis. Although the fast distribution three‐phase unbalanced load flow calculation has been developed, equipment models considering interconnection of distributed generators have not as yet been developed in Japan. This paper develops practical equipment models such as various distributed generators, voltage control equipment, and loads for fast three‐phase unbalanced load flow calculation in distribution systems. The feasibility of the developed models is verified and demonstrated on practical distribution system models with promising results. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 142(3): 8–19, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10106
Improvement of stabilization time by information exchange between dispersed generators in a local network under islanding
Authors: Okuyama Kenji , Kato Takeyoshi , Wu Kai , Yokomizu Yasunobu , Okamoto Tatsuki , Yasuo Suzuoki 
Published: December 2002

AbstractAccording to the deregulation of the electric power market and the improvement of small generators, the electricity supply by dispersed generators (DGs) is very attractive for both utilities and consumers. However, because of various types of DGs with low ratings, the introduction of a DG in a power distribution system increases the complexity of system operation. We propose on‐line information exchange between DGs to facilitate autonomous operation of the distribution system. This paper evaluates the improvement of reliability of such a system by the on‐line information exchange between DGs.The large‐scale introduction of DGs might allow the power supply to the distribution system to be continued even if it is isolated from the upper system. We discuss the effects of information exchange on the system stability under islanding after an upper system failure. The analysis is performed in terms of instantaneous values calculated by using PSCAD/EMTDC. It is found that the transient stability improves when a DG with fast response speed and a DG with slow response speed exchange the information on inverse power flow to the network. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 142(3): 20–29, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10107
Theory of electroosmotic flow, retention and separation efficiency in capillary electrochromatography
Authors: Rathore Anurag S. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThis article reviews recent progress that has taken place in the past decade (1992–2002) in the areas of understanding of flow of ions, buffers, as well as neutral and charged sample components through open channels and porous media. Though, primarily dealing with open capillaries and packed columns that are often used in capillary electrochromatography (CEC), these fundamental concepts are applicable to the evolving area of separations on a microchip.
Recent progress in capillary isotachophoresis
Authors: Gebauer Petr , Boček Petr 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThis article is a continuation of previous reviews and summarizes the progress of analytical capillary isotachophoresis since 2000. Papers reviewed include methodological and instrumental aspects as well as analytical applications. Included are also papers using isotachophoresis and/or isotachophoretic principles as part of multidimensional separation schemes.
Derivatization trends in capillary electrophoresis: An update
Authors: Underberg Willy J. M. , Waterval Joop C. M. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThis survey as a sequel of two earlier reports gives an overview of recent developments, starting from 1999, in the use of derivatization protocols in capillary electrophoretic (CE) analysis. Derivatization is mainly used for enhancement of the detection sensitivity in CE, for which a combination of fluorescence labeling and laser‐induced fluorescence detection is favorable. Moreover, especially in the field of saccharide assay, derivatization to introduce charge into the molecule, is common. Derivatization procedures are classified in tables, focused on precapillary, on‐line, on‐capillary and postcapillary arrangements and divided in sections concerning the functional group that is derivatized. The most frequently reported groups are amines and the reducing end of (oligo)saccharides, but thiols, carbonyl and carboxyl groups, steroids and inorganic ions have also been reported about. Other reasons for derivatization are to enhance chiral separation, introduction of a suitable charge into the molecule or to improve mass spectrometric detection. The use of derivatization techniques for special cases, such as the analysis of neurotransmitters, insulin antibodies and mitochondria has also been incorporated as well as a study on the adsorption of proteins onto capillary walls during CE in which derivatization plays a role.
Background‐free, fast protein staining in sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel using counterion dyes, zincon and ethyl violet
Authors: Choi Jung‐Kap , Tak Keong‐Hoon , Jin Li‐Tai , Hwang Sun‐Young , Kwon Tae‐Ik , Yoo Gyurng‐Soo 
Published: December 2002

AbstractA background‐free, fast protein staining method in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis using an acidic dye, zincon (ZC) and a basic dye, ethyl violet (EV) is described. It is based on the counterion dye staining technique that employs two oppositely charged dyes to form an ion‐pair complex in staining solution. The selective binding of free dye molecules to proteins in acidic solution produces bluish violet‐colored bands. It is a rapid and end‐point staining procedure, involving only fixing and staining steps that are completed in 1–1.5 h. The detection limit of this method is 8–15 ng of protein that is comparable to the sensitivity of the colloidal Coomassie Brilliant Blue G (CBBG) stain. Due to its sensitivity and speed, this stain may be more practical than any other dye‐based stains for routine laboratory purposes.
Study of urinary nucleosides as biological marker in cancer patients analyzed by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography
Authors: Zheng Yu‐Fang , Xu Guo‐Wang , Liu Da‐Yu , Xiong Jian‐Hui , Zhang Pu‐Dun , Zhang Chao , Yang Qing , Lv Shen 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThirteen normal and modified nucleosides, primarily degradation products of transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA), were evaluated as potential tumor markers for cancer patients. Their urinary concentrations were determined by means of micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MEKC) in the urine from 54 healthy adults and 70 cancer patients, then quantitatively expressed as a function of creatinine excretion. It was found that urinary nucleosides for cancer patients were on the average significantly higher than those for healthy controls, however, no significant differences were found between male and female or between different ages. Based on 13 urinary nucleoside concentrations, principal component analysis (PCA) could be used to classify 72% of cancer patients from the healthy controls. The present study shows that the precise measurement of urinary nucleosides by MEKC in combining with PCA technique may provide a clinically useful approach for diagnosis of cancer.
An ionic liquid coating for determination of sildenafil and UK‐103,320 in human serum by capillary zone electrophoresis‐ion trap mass spectrometry
Authors: Qin Weidong , Li Sam F. Y. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractIonic liquid (IL) was covalently bonded onto the silica capillary surface and the electroosmotic flow was reversed over a pH range of 3.5 to 7. Sildenafil (SL) and its metabolite UK‐103,320 (UK) in human serum were detected by solid‐phase extraction followed by capillary zone electrophoresis‐mass spectrometry analysis. The running buffer contained 10 mM acetic acid adjusted to pH 4.5 with 1 M ammonia, and the separating voltage was set to —25 kV. The adsorption of the analytes onto the bare capillary wall was eliminated by the IL coating and the drugs were baseline‐separated within 14 min with detection limits (S/N = 3) of 14 and 17 ng/mL for SL and UK, respectively. The method developed showed good intraday precision in terms of relative standard deviation (RSD) with respect to migration time (RSD ≤ 0.76%, n = 5) and peak area (RSD ≤ 3.4%, n = 5); the relative coefficients of linear regression for both targets were better than 0.99 within linear dynamic range (SL: 50–600 ng/mL; UK: 40–400 ng/mL). Satisfactory interday precision was obtained with respect to the slope of the regression (RSD ≤ 4.21%, n = 9) and the migration time (RSD ≤ 1.1%, n = 9). The IL coating could be used with stable electroosmotic flow (RSD = 2.78%, n = 10) for at least 80 h.