bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hans Weisse and the Dawn of American Schenkerism
Authors: BERRY DAVID CARSON 
Published: November 2004

ABSTRACT
Many musicians contributed to the early spread of Schenkerian ideas in the U.S., but one played a crucial and unparalleled role during the earliest decade, the 1930s: Hans Weisse (1892–1940), one of Schenker's most esteemed students. Although Jewish, Weisse was not a political or war refugee, as were later Schenker émigrés. Instead, he came to the U.S. to teach, in the fall of 1931; by the time his former colleagues were finding their ways from Europe, Weisse had already become an American citizen. He died prematurely in 1940, but by then his impact on the pedagogy of music theory and analysis was already being felt, not only directly, at institutions where he taught, but through his many students who were active in disseminating the Schenkerian approach.
As the Schenker enterprise now enters its eighth decade in the U.S., a better understanding of its early and largely unexplored foundations becomes ever more essential, and the contributions of Weisse provide a logical point of departure. Heretofore his role has remained largely undocumented. Investigation of three aspects of Weisse's accomplishment and legacy help shed light on his pivotal role as a music educator and thinker in this country: the record of his highly active professional life as a teacher of music; the theoretical positions and pedagogical strategies revealed by his few preserved writings and remarks; and the enduring influence of his teachings. Through the work of his students, it can be seen that his contribution was decisive in laying the foundation for future Schenkerian work.
“A Talent for the Disagreeable”: Elizabeth Stoddard Writes The Morgesons
Authors: FELDMAN JESSICA R. 
Published: November 2004

ABSTRACT
Jessica R. Feldman, “A Talent for the Disagreeable”: Elizabeth Stod-dard Writes The Morgesons (pp.202–229)
Critics have tended to read Elizabeth Stoddard's bewildering first novel, The Morgesons (1862), as a Bildungsroman—anautobiographical portrait of the artist as a young woman in early-nineteenth-century New England—or as an instance of female Gothic, proto-regionalism, or sentimentalism. Such interpretations, often focusing on the narrative arc of Cassandra Morgeson's self-empowerment, tend to ignore the novel's less comforting messages along with its painful, mysteriously awkward, even pathological atmosphere. Aspects of the novel that cannot be restated simply as plot—the structures of its words and sentences, its tone, patterns of imagery, rat-a-tat dialogue—Stoddard has thrust into a prominence that we have not adequately studied. When we begin to explore these formal elements in relation to the artistic environment in which Stoddard wrote The Morgesons, we can see that the novel analogically tracks her troubling personality and her contemporary situation in New York City. She was, for better and for worse, a woman writing among the male “Genteel Poets,” a group that was itself quite conflicted and that both helped and hindered her. Moreover, finding a form sufficient to express that complex situation required her to experiment with prose in ways that look forward to high Modernist works of the early twentieth century. Only through an experimental novel of layered and fragmented tales, voiced in language that insists on its own materiality, could Stoddard find adequate self-expression.
The Other Beethoven: Heroism, the Canon, and the Works of 1813–14
Authors: COOK NICHOLAS 
Published: November 2004

Abstract .Among Beethoven's works are a number that were highly successful in their own time but that became an embarrassment to later critics. In this article I explore the critical strategies used to explain away the success of two such works, Wellingtons Sieg and Der glorreiche Augenblick—works marginalized by the “Beethoven Hero” paradigm that came to regulate critical interpretation of the composer's music as well as underwriting the Beethovenian canon. I also explore ways in which such noncanonic works might be reexperienced, reading Wellingtons Sieg in terms of an aesthetic of hyper-representation and Der glorreiche Augenblick in terms of the enactment of community: such approaches, I argue, give access to aspects of Beethoven's music that the “Beethoven Hero” paradigm suppressed.
The Beast with Two Backs: Aleister Crowley, Sex Magic and the Exhaustion of Modernity
Authors: Urban Hugh B. 
Published: November 2004

ABSTRACT: Infamous for his drug use and extreme sexual practices, and proclaiming himself the “Great Beast 666,” Aleister Crowley remains to this day one of the most influential and yet most often misunderstood figures in the history of Western new religious movements. This article offers a fresh approach to Crowley, by placing him within contemporary debates about modernism and postmodernism. By no means the outcast enemy of modern Western society so often depicted in the media, Crowley was, I argue, a stunning reflection of some of the most acute cultural contradictions at the heart of modern Western civilization in the early twentieth century. A uniquely Janus-faced character, he reflects both the “Faustian” will of modernism as well as its tragic failure and exhaustion at mid-century in the aftermath of the two World Wars.
Where does our modern world belong—to exhaustion or ascent?—Its manifoldness and unrest conditioned by the attainment of the highest level of consciousness.
—Friedrich Nietzsche, The Will to Power1
The point about Crowley is that he seems to contain all these sorts of ideas and identities—indeed most of the vices of the Twentieth Century—and he was dead at the end of 1947.
—Snoo Wilson, author of the play “The Beast” (1974)2
Book Reviews
Authors: Willis Jon 
Published: November 2004

In Changing Times: Gay Men and Lesbians Encounter HIV/AIDS. Martin P. Levine. Peter Nardi. and John Gagnon. eds. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1997. 313pp.Activism and Marginalization in the AIDS Crisis. Martin Hallett. ed. New York: Harrington Park Press, 1997. 194pp.Nobody's Children: Orphans of the HIV Epidemic. Steven Dansky. New York: Harrington Park Press, 1997. 178pp.
De‐escalation after repeated negative feedback: emergent expectations of failure
Authors: Zikmund‐Fisher Brian J. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractResearch on willingness to make marginal investments (e.g., the escalation and sunk cost literatures) has often focused on project completion decisions, such as the “radar‐blank plane.” This paper discusses a fundamentally different type of marginal investment decision, that of couples deciding whether to continue infertility treatment in the face of repeated failures. Two experiments based on this context show that when people face multiple independent chances to achieve a valued goal but are unsure about chances of success, premature quitting or “de‐escalation” is the norm. Repeated negative feedback appears to induce individuals to see each successive failure as more and more diagnostic. As a result, even a short series of failed attempts evokes beliefs that future attempts will also fail. These emergent expectations of failure, generated by causal attribution processes, associative learning, and/or discounting of ambiguous information, appear very compelling and induce people to forgo profitable marginal investments. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Subsecond chiral separations on a microchip
Authors: Piehl Natalia , Ludwig Martin , Belder Detlev 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFast chiral separation of DNS‐amino acids could be realized using microchip electrophoresis with fluorescence detection. For this purpose, highly sulfated cyclodextrins (HS‐γ‐CD) were used as chiral selectors enabling high selectivity. Even subsecond separation of DNS‐tryptophan, DNS‐norleucine, DNS‐phenylalanine, DNS‐methionine, and DNS‐aspartic acid could be achieved. Baseline separation could be accomplished within 720 ms, which is the fastest separation of enantiomers reported to date. A more complex mixture consisting of three chiral DNS‐amino acids could be separated within 3.3 s utilizing a separation length of only 7 mm and an electrical field strength of 2012 V/cm.
Whole‐column fluorescence‐imaged capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Wu Xing‐Zheng , Pawliszyn Janusz 
Published: November 2004

AbstractAn axially illuminating whole‐column fluorescence imaging capillary electrophoresis (CE) experimental setup was developed. A 6 cm long Teflon tube with an inside diameter (ID) of 42 μm was used as separation column. Excitation light of 488 nm from Ar+ laser was introduced to one end of the separation column by an optical fiber. The excitation light propagated inside the separation column by total internal reflection, since the refractive index of the buffer solution was larger than that of the Teflon tube. The fluorescence from the whole separation column was imaged with a charge‐coupled device (CCD) camera. Fluorescent compounds such as fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), 5‐carboxyfluorescein, and FITC‐labeled protein were used to test the basic performance of the experimental setup. Experimental results illustrate that the whole‐column‐fluorescence imaging CE is a fast and sensitive separation method for fluorescent compounds and fluorescent‐labeled proteins. Furthermore, it could be used for simple, fast, and easy comparisons of the resistance to photodegradation for various fluorescent compounds.
Pure‐silica optical waveguides, fiber couplers, and high‐aspect ratio submicrometer channels for electrokinetic separation devices
Authors: Mogensen Klaus B. , Eriksson Fredrik , Gustafsson Omar , Nikolajsen Rikke P. H. , Kutter Jörg P. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractA new fabrication procedure for integration of ultraviolet transparent pure‐silica planar waveguides, fiber couplers and high‐aspect ratio submicrometer channels is presented. Only a single photolithographic mask step is required. The channels are 80–90 μm deep and the width can be reduced to about 0.5 μm, corresponding to a height‐to‐width ratio of more than 150. The core of the waveguides consists of pure silicon dioxide, which is favorable over doped silica, due to the absence of absorption centers associated with the dopants. This furthermore improves the long‐term stability of the waveguides, because of an increased radiation resistance of the glass. The propagation loss decreases from 1.0 dB/cm at 200 nm to 0.2 dB/cm at 800 nm, which, to our knowledge, is the lowest propagation loss reported for integrated planar waveguides in the ultraviolet wavelength region to date. The effective optical path length is 1.2 mm for an absorbance cell with a nominal length of 1.0 mm, indicating effective suppression of stray light. The limit of detection for paracetamol when present in the entire channel network was determined to 3 μg/mL. Finally, the applicability of the fabricated devices for capillary electrophoresis was evaluated by separation of caffein, paracetamol and ketoprofone using absorbance detection at 254 nm.
High‐resolution DNA separation in microcapillary electrophoresis chips utilizing double‐L injection techniques
Authors: Fu Lung‐Ming , Lin Che‐Hsin 
Published: November 2004

AbstractAn experimental and numerical investigation into the use of high‐resolution injection techniques to separate DNA fragments within electrophoresis microchips is presented. The principal material transport mechanisms of electrokinetic migration, fluid flow, and diffusion are considered, and several variable‐volume injection methods are discussed. A detailed analysis is provided of a double‐L injection technique, which employs appropriate electrokinetic manipulations to reduce sample leakage within the microchip. The leakage effect in electroosmotic flow (EOF) is investigated using a sample composed of rhodamine B and Cy3 dye. Meanwhile, the effects of sample leakage in capillary electrophoresis (CE) separation are studied by considering the separation of 100‐base pairs (bp) DNA ladders and HaeIII‐digested ΦX‐174 DNA samples. The present experimental and simulation results indicate that the unique injection system employed in the current microfluidic chip has the ability to replicate the functions of both the conventional cross‐channel and the shift‐channel injection systems. Furthermore, applying the double‐L injection method to these two injection systems is shown to reduce sample leakage significantly. The proposed microfluidic chip and double‐L injection technique developed in this study have an exciting potential for use in high‐resolution, high‐throughput biochemical analysis applications and in many other applications throughout the micrototal analysis systems field.
Nanowires for surface enlargement of narrow‐bore fused‐silica tubing
Authors: Woldegiorgis Andreas , Jansson Kjell , Curcio Mario , Roeraade Johan 
Published: November 2004

AbstractA method for preparation of silica nanowires with dimensions of d = 10–100 nm, l = 5–500 nm, is described. The nanostructured material is an integral part of the inner surface of narrow bore fused‐silica capillary tubing. The wire preparation method is based on a decomposition of 2‐chloro‐1,1,2‐trifluoroethyl methyl ether at elevated temperature and pressure. The silica bulk material is rearranged via a sustained silica‐hydrogen fluoride chemistry, and reaction mechanisms for this process are proposed. The method is suitable for preparing long lengths of tubing with the modified surface. It is our belief that the texture of the capillary wall with its increased surface area is useful for applications such as microreactions, catalysis, and high‐resolution pressure and/or electrodriven open‐tubular liquid chromatography.
Fundamentals and practice for ultrasensitive laser‐induced fluorescence detection in microanalytical systems
Authors: Johnson Mitchell E. , Landers James P. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractLaser‐induced fluorescence is an extremely sensitive method for detection in chemical separations. In addition, it is well‐suited to detection in small volumes, and as such is widely used for capillary electrophoresis and microchip‐based separations. This review explores the detailed instrumental conditions required for sub‐zeptomole, sub‐picomolar detection limits. The key to achieving the best sensitivity is to use an excitation and emission volume that is matched to the separation system and that, simultaneously, will keep scattering and luminescence background to a minimum. We discuss how this is accomplished with confocal detection, 90° on‐capillary detection, and sheath‐flow detection. It is shown that each of these methods have their advantages and disadvantages, but that all can be used to produce extremely sensitive detectors for capillary‐ or microchip‐based separations. Analysis of these capabilities allows prediction of the optimal means of achieving ultrasensitive detection on microchips.
Electrophoresis microchip fabricated by a direct‐printing process with end‐channel amperometric detection
Authors: Tomazelli Coltro Wendell K. , Fracassi da Silva José A. , Torres da Silva Heron D. , Richter Eduardo M. , Furlan Rogério , Angnes Lúcio , do Lago Claudimir L. , Mazo Luiz H. , Carrilho Emanuel 
Published: November 2004

AbstractWe describe the development of an electrophoresis microchip fabricated by a direct‐printing process, based on lamination of printed polyester films with end‐channel amperometric detection. The channel structures are defined by polyester (base and cover) and by a toner layer (walls). The polyester‐toner devices presented an electroosmotic flow (EOF) magnitude of ∼10‐5 cm2V‐1s‐1, which is generated by a polymeric mixture of the toner and polyester composition. The microelectrodes used for detection were produced combining this laser‐printer technology to compact discs. The performance of this device was evaluated by amperometric detection of iodide and ascorbate. The detection limits found were 500 nmol·L‐1 (135 amol) and 1.8 μmol·L‐1 (486 amol) for iodide and ascorbate, respectively.
Dielectrophoresis of nanoparticles
Authors: Kadaksham Arun T. J. , Singh Pushpendra , Aubry Nadine 
Published: November 2004

AbstractA numerical scheme based on the distributed Lagrange multiplier method (DLM) is used to study the motion of nano‐sized particles of dielectric suspensions subjected to uniform and nonuniform electric fields. Particles are subjected to both electrostatic and hydrodynamic forces, as well as Brownian motion. The results of the simulations presented in this paper show that uniform electric fields the evolution of the particle structures depends on the ratio of electrostatic particle‐particle interactions and Brownian forces. When this ratio is of the order of 100 or greater, particles form stable chains and columns, whereas when it is of the order of 10 or smaller the particle distribution is random. For the nonuniform electric field cases considered in this paper, the relative magnitude of Brownian forces is in the range such that it does not influence the eventual collection of particles by dielectrophoresis and the particular locations where the particles are collected. However, Brownian motion is observed to influence the transient particle trajectories. The deviation of the particle trajectories compared to those determined by the electrostatic and hydrodynamic forces alone is characterized by the ratio of Brownian and dielectrophoretic forces.
Integrated selective enrichment target – a microtechnology platform for matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization‐mass spectrometry applied on protein biomarkers in prostate diseases
Authors: Ekström Simon , Wallman Lars , Malm Johan , Becker Charlotte , Lilja Hans , Laurell Thomas , Marko‐Varga György 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe performance of a miniaturized sample processing platform for matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization‐mass spectrometry (MALDI‐MS), manufactured by silicon microfabrication, called integrated selective enrichment target (ISET) technology was evaluated in a biological context. The ISET serves as both sample treatment device and MALDI‐MS target, and contains an array of 96 perforated nanovials, which each can be filled with 40 nL of reversed‐phase beads. This methodology minimizes the number of sample transfers and the total surface area available for undesired adsorption of the analytes in order to provide high‐sensitivity analysis. ISET technology was successfully applied for characterization of proteins coisolated by affinity chromatography of prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) from human seminal fluid. The application of ISET sample preparation enabled multiple analyses to be performed on a limited sample volume, which resulted in the discovery that prolactin inducible protein (PIP) was coisolated from the samples.
Recent developments in detection for microfluidic systems
Authors: Mogensen Klaus B. , Klank Henning , Kutter Jörg P. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractMicrofluidic systems have become more and more important in the field of analytical chemistry. Detection methods on these microsystems are essential for the identification and quantification of chemical species that are being analyzed. This review concentrates on the latest developments of optical detection methods and mass spectrometry in conjunction with microfluidic systems. Electrochemical methods are discussed in another review in the same issue of this journal. Within the optical detection section, topics such as multiplexed detection and the use of waveguides are discussed. Within the discussion of mass spectrometry, the main focus is on electrospray emitters as interfaces between microsystem and spectrometer. Apart from optical detection and mass spectrometry, other techniques such as flame ionization and nuclear magnetic resonance are also mentioned.
Peak compression and resolution for electrophoretic separations in diverging microchannels
Authors: Ross David , Ivory Cornelius F. , Locascio Laurie E. , Van Cott Kevin E. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractWe report the results of experiments and simulations on electrokinetic flow in diverging microchannels (with cross‐sectional area that increases with distance along the channel). Because of conservation of mass and charge, the velocity of an analyte in the channel decreases as the channel cross‐section increases. Consequently, the leading edge of a band of sample moves more slowly than the trailing edge and the sample band is compressed. Sample peak widths, rather than increasing diffusively with time, can then be controlled by the geometry of the channel and can even be made to decrease with time. We consider the possibility of using this peak compression effect to improve the resolution of electrophoretic separations. Our results indicate that for typical separations that are dispersion limited, this peak compression effect is more than offset by the decreased distance between peaks, and the separation resolution in diverging channels is worse than that found for straight channels at the same applied voltage. For separations in very short channels or at very high field strengths, however, when the separation efficiency is injection limited, the peak compression effect is dominant and diverging channels can then be used to achieve improved separation resolution.
Antihyperlipidaemic effect of Aegle marmelos fruit extract in streptozotocin‐induced diabetes in rats
Authors: Kamalakkannan N , Stanely Mainzen Prince P 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe present study determines the effect of an aqueous extract of Aegle marmelos fruits on serum and tissue lipids in experimental diabetes. Albino Wistar rats were rendered diabetic by intraperitoneal administration of streptozotocin (45 mg kg−1). Serum and tissue lipids such as total cholesterol, triglycerides, free fatty acids and phospholipids were elevated in diabetic rats. Oral administration of A marmelos fruit extract at doses of 125 and 250 mg kg−1 to diabetic rats twice daily for 1 month led to a significant lowering of these lipids in diabetic rats. The effect exerted by the fruit extract at a dose of 250 mg kg−1 was greater than that of the dose of 125 mg kg−1 or of glibenclamide (300 µg kg−1). The results of this study demonstrate that an aqueous A marmelos fruit extract exhibits an antihyperlipidaemic effect in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Denk das Undenkbare!
Authors: Erben Roland Franz , Romeike Frank 
Published: November 2004

AbstractTerror, Naturkatastrophen, die Risiken der Technik … in der jüngsten Vergangenheit ist unsere Welt nicht unbedingt sicherer geworden. Wir sprachen Dr. Lutz Cleemann über die dramatischen Veränderungen der Risiko‐Situation und wie Unternehmen hierauf reagieren können.
Macular amyloidosis: An assessment of prevalence, sex, and age
Authors: Rasi Abbas , Khatami Alireza , Javaheri Saeid Mirzazadeh 
Published: November 2004

AbstractMacular amyloidosis is a relatively common cutaneous disease in Asia and the Middle East. It is characterized by a reticulated or rippled pattern of pigmentation mostly in the upper back. This study was performed not only to determine the disease sex and age distribution, but also to evaluate its risk factors and the frequency among the dermatology clinic patients.Based on the clinical and random histopathologic findings, 100 macular amyloidosis patients were evaluated in a period of 3 years. Although the sex distribution (9 : 1, female : male ratio) differed dramatically from most of the previous reports, it was consistent with few other series. Eighty one percent of patients were between 21 and 50 years of age. The mean age of the female patients was higher than that of the males (difference of two means was 10.26 years and P = 0.027). Backscatching during bathing probably is not a common practice in Iran, therefore we could not consider this as a risk factor in our study. We found no evidence of any other associated risk factors.