bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anomaly Detection of Laser-Based Metal Additive Manufacturing Using Neural-Variational Auto-Encoder
Authors: Rescsanski Sean , Yadollahi Aref , Khanzadeh Mojtaba , Imani Farhad 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The presence of anomalies in components generated using laser-based Additive Manufacturing (AM) processes greatly affects mechanical properties, making anomaly detection and prevention significant for the improvement of AM. Melt pool thermal imaging of laser-based AM processes such as Direct Energy Deposition (DED) provide rich data from which anomalies can be detected. Although through feature-based learning methods (e.g., support vector machine and k-nearest neighbor) or end-to-end deep learning models (e.g., self organizing map) the anomalies can be identified, the sparsity of defective instances and lack of interpretable analysis, together with high dimensionality and velocity of melt pool images further increase the difficulty of anomaly detection. We propose implementing Neural Vector Quantized Variational Autoencoder (Neural-VAE) to analyze thermal images from a DED process to determine where and when anomalies occur, indicating a flaw in the generated component. A Vector Quantized VAE is designed to represent high-dimensional images as low-dimensional vectors. Then, hyperdimensional computing is introduced to leverage the low-dimensional representation of image data and determine defective and non-defective images. Our proposed methodology can detect anomalies with an accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and f-score of 99.2%, 99.6%, 98.8%, and 99.2%, respectively, while successfully generating anomalous images.
Design of 3D Printable Led Heat Sink Inspired by Firefly Wings
Authors: Sotoodeh Ali , Yang Yiran , Di Lei 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Due to their high reliability, efficiency, and long lifespan, light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have gained massive popularity as a replacement for traditional light sources like fluorescent and high-intensity discharge lamps. Research has been dedicated to enhancing the thermal management of LED by improving heat transfer through innovating the heat sink design, where complex geometries have shown better performance than simple conventional geometries. In this study, experimental and finite element analysis techniques are used to examine a collection of complex heat sink designs, including one that is bio-inspired and made possible by 3D printing manufacturing capabilities. This research demonstrates that the intricate heat sink designs are 3D printable. Six distinct fin types are specifically examined, including traditional, cylindrical, rectangular, triangular, spiral, and fins inspired by firefly wings. Case studies compare some crucial factors like the weight and surface area of various designs and the performance that results. As a result of their ability to transfer an equivalent amount of heat over a smaller surface area, complex geometries are likely more efficient at transferring heat than conventional designs. With a smaller junction temperature on the heat sink and 32% less weight than the standard design, the firefly wing-inspired design outperforms the other complex geometries. The case study results also demonstrate the potential for further modifying the designs to better suit various applications, such as altering the number and thickness of fins. A bioinspired design, such as the one examined in this paper, can be used to create pole-mounted light fixtures, which typically need a high light output but smaller sizes.
Rapidly Reconfigurable Suction Gripper for Sheet Pick and Place Operations
Authors: Sagare Meghana , Wilson Victoria , Yu Zhao , Gupta Satyandra K. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Sheet-like materials such as composite prepreg fabrics are widely applicable in a variety of industries, especially the automotive and aerospace industries. During manufacturing, several of these applications require such sheets to be transported from one location to another. The use of robotic arms and suction grippers provides a reliable and flexible method for transportation operations. Since they are compliant, each sheet of varying size and shape requires a unique robot or end effector to ensure proper transportation and layup. This can quickly lead to increased hardware costs, increased cycle time, and the introduction of unnecessary components. To alleviate this, one robot can control one end effector that can be rapidly reconfigured to accommodate multiple sheet shapes. This paper presents a novel solution for sheet transport that leverages the motion of a 6 DOF (degree-of-freedom) robotic arm to reposition suction cups along linear tracks in a timely manner. We employ motion planning techniques to assist in process automation and aid in the accuracy and consistency of suction cup placement. Our design and method offer rapid reconfigurability while being cost-effective and lightweight. Experiments conducted in the lab validated the reconfigurability and accuracy of our design.
Control Modelling and Design for Time-Varying Dynamical Systems due to External Force in Human-Robot Interaction
Authors: Wei Bin 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
When there is a physical interaction between human operators and robotic systems in the manufacturing, there will be addition of external force component in the dynamical equation of the robotic system coming from the human operators. Different operators might place different forces onto the robotic system and therefore, a control system is required to control such time-varying dynamical systems due to the external force coming from the human operators in the manufacturing. A design process for the control system gears to such robotic systems in the human-robot interaction of manufacturing is presented and analyzed. The study proceeds from the simple one degree of freedom robotic arm to multi degrees of freedom robotic arms in the manufacturing. The designed control system can handle a range of robotic dynamical systems with varying external forces.
A Prediction Method for Catchment Efficiency Loss due to Coaxial Nozzle Wear in Powder Fed Directed Energy Deposition Systems
Authors: DeWitte Lisa , Fu Katherine 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Powder fed laser directed energy deposition systems show significant promise and their widespread adoption could greatly advance manufacturing technology; however, a significant amount of gas atomized metal powder is wasted during material deposition. As contaminated powder must be collected and disposed of as hazardous waste, this process is often criticized for its low catchment efficiency. This presents potential implementation and scaling issues, as widespread use of this technology would directly increase the amount of contaminated powder in need of safe disposal. A direct contribution to this waste issue was identified in past work as wearing exterior and interior surfaces on a replaceable nozzle component within the additive head of such a system integrated into a hybrid manufacturing machine tool. A computational fluid dynamics simulation is developed specifically for use within the manufacturing process by predicting catchment efficiency losses before a deposition operation is performed. The model is robust enough to calculate a catchment efficiency estimate within a reasonable transition time before deposition and is designed to replace visual estimation of nozzle deterioration by the machine operator. Both of two previously identified wear modes are represented in the simulation. Their effects on powder stream geometry are discussed in detail and the results are compared with in-situ measurements of powder stream geometry and concentrations. The resulting work contributes to the growing understanding of using prediction and prevention methods on catchment efficiency related part defects within these systems.
Mathematical Analysis of the Tensile Behavior of DP 980 Steel Using Digital Image Correlation (DIC)
Authors: Seidi Ebrahim , Miller Scott , Huang Lu , Stoughton Thomas 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This paper presents an analysis tool and preliminary, high-resolution results of material behavior and surface features during the tensile test of DP 980 steel specimen. The ultimate goal is a method for detection of localized through-thickness necking in stamping and welding samples based on measurement of the sample geometry and analyzing the evolution of surface features. It is thought that the onset of necking can be detected more precisely through characterization of the changes in the geometry of surface coordinate measurements than strain-based metrics. In this work, a MATLAB-based analysis tool was created to extract information from the ample data generated by DIC in tension testing. The results shown highlight the level of detail and granularity possible from DIC data. Several analysis results, such as the evolution of strains in x, y, and z directions, development of stress-strain cures, temporal surface profile, and curvature evolution, were presented for 201 surface points along the sample. The nature of the stress-strain behavior was plotted for every 0.25 mm along the sample, showing the increase in stress and strain at varying degrees in the diffuse neck. Surface profile and curvature evolution were shown at each 0.5-second time step. Comparing the temporal results of all points revealed the location of the diffuse neck on the sample.
Acoustic Assembly Photopolymerization of Bioinspired Multifunctional Devices With Programmable Adhesion
Authors: Lichade Ketki M. , Pan Yayue 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Devices with stimuli-responsiveness, programmable and reversible adhesion, and adaptability to uneven surfaces have attracted extensive attention for applications such as micro-gripper and soft robots. Despite advances in design and manufacturing, challenges still exist in rapid shape morphing, non-contact control, and reversible switching between attachment and detachment. Fundamentally, those challenges are owing to the material limitation, manufacturing constraints, and design complexity involved in the production of those devices. To overcome these challenges, we report a simple and rapid manufacturing approach, acoustic assembly photopolymerization (AAP), for the production of magnetic-responsive devices with programmable and reversible adhesion. The proposed AAP process provides an environmentally sustainable approach to fabricating micro- to macro-scale multimaterial films within seconds. The locally controlled multimaterial composition enables precise magnetic control, while the flexible hierarchical surface structures allow rapid attachment and detachment. The combined effects of material and structural composition enable remarkable control over the adhesive property without requiring any complicated treatment and power source. In this work, a photocurable magnetic composite material was developed, and the adhesion and magnetic responsive characteristics of the printed films were further investigated. As a proof-of-concept, two test cases were performed using the as-printed films. The first test case is soft magnetic robots made of AAP-printed films. Effects of the film surface structures on the adhesive properties and hence the robot crawling locomotion are analyzed. The second test case is a gripper for lifting and releasing objects. Capability of the AAP-printed films on gripping objects of different sizes in different environments (i.e., in air and in water) are demonstrated. Experimental results validated the effectiveness of the novel AAP process on fabricating films with spatially varied compositions and hierarchical surface features. The test cases indicated the promising applications of such AAP-printed films, with advantages of programmable adhesion, locally-engineered flexibility, rapid and remote non-contact magnetic actuation. The AAP manufacturing capability and the proposed multimaterial hierarchical surface design possess a broad range of applications, including surface engineering, soft robotics, and microfluidics.
Electropulsing-Assisted Ultrasonic Nanocrystal Surface Modification on Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Additive Manufactured Inconel 718
Authors: Zhang Chaoyi , Gao Le , Peng Lan , Liu Gang , Ye Yixuan , Zhang Yu , Tang Chao , Huang Tao , Ye Chang 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Additive manufacturing technology can process parts with complex shapes and has great application potential in the biomedical and aerospace industries. However, additively manufactured parts have a poor surface finish, high porosity, and large tensile residual stresses and thus have poor mechanical properties compared with traditional cast or forged parts. To address this issue, an innovative surface enhancement technology, namely electropulsing-assisted ultrasonic nanocrystal surface modification (EP-UNSM) technology, is proposed. A pulsed current is exerted on the sample to improve the metal plasticity during the UNSM processing, thereby further enhancing the strengthening effect. The results have demonstrated that EP-UNSM can further improve the surface integrity and surface hardness of the samples. In addition, compared with continuous current, pulsed current can more effectively improve the plasticity of Inconel 718, even though the effective current density and thus the thermal heating effect are the same. This enhancement effect is more significant at higher peak current density, proving the athermal effect of electroplasticity.
Spatial-Terminal Iterative Learning Control for Registration Error Elimination in High-Precision Roll-to-Roll Printing Systems
Authors: Wang Zifeng , Jin Xiaoning 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Roll-to-roll (R2R) printing techniques are promising for high-volume continuous production of substrate-based electronic products, as opposed to the sheet-to-sheet approach suited for low-volume work. However, one of the major challenges in R2R flexible electronics printing is achieving tight alignment tolerances, as specified by the device resolution (usually at micrometer level), for multi-layer printed electronics. The alignment of the printed patterns in different layers, known as registration, is critical to product quality. Registration errors are essentially accumulated positional or dimensional deviations caused by un-desired variations in web tensions and web speeds. Conventional registration control methods rely on model-based feedback controllers, such as PID control, to regulate the web tension and the web speed. However, those methods can not guarantee that the registration error always converges to zero due to lagging problems. In this paper, we propose a Spatial-Terminal Iterative Learning Control (STILC) method combined with PID control to enable the registration error to converge to zero iteratively, which achieves unprecedented control in the creation, integration and manipulation of multi-layer microstructures in R2R processes. We simulate the registration error generation and accumulation caused by axis mismatch between roller and motor that commonly exists in R2R systems. We show that the STILC-PID hybrid control method can eliminate the registration error completely after a reasonable number of iterations. We also compare the performances of STILC with a constant-value basis and a cosine-form basis. The results show that the control model with a cosine-form basis provides a faster convergence speed for R2R registration error elimination.
Polymer-Derived SiC Ceramic With Triply Period Minimal Surface Structure Fabrication Through Digital Light Processing
Authors: Liu Haiyu , Wang Yancheng , Qian Senyu , Mei Deqing 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The ceramic-based porous structures and components have received considerable attention in biomedical and biological fields. This paper presents a method by using digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing technology to fabricate polymer-derived SiC ceramic components with triply period minimal surface (TPMS) porous structure. The photosensitive preceramic polymer resin with low viscosity was prepared by dissolving polycarbosilane (PCS) into photosensitive resin and organic solvent, and its optimal resin composition are studied to print the TPMS structural green bodies. Then, five different types of TPMS structural SiC ceramic components with high porosity of 80% were successfully designed, printed and pyrolyzed at 600–1400 °C with uniform shrinkage. The fabricated porous SiC ceramic components almost have no deformation, damage, or obvious cracks on the surface. The weight loss, linear shrinkage, density, and mechanical properties of the TPMS SiC ceramic components with different pyrolysis temperatures were characterized. The results showed that the prepared TPMS SiC ceramic components exhibited high-resolution microstructure and excellent mechanical properties, which would have great application prospects in future tissue engineering and biological scaffolds.
Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites Fabrication Through Acoustic-Assisted 3D Printing Process
Authors: Xu Chengyao , Wang Yancheng , Liu Jiawei , Han Shuo , Mei Deqing 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Multifunctional composites have been widely utilized in aerospace, biomedical and electronic devices. Fiber-reinforced composites are characterized by lightweight, tough, and with high energy absorption capabilities, they have received considerable attentions. Honeycomb structure is one of the typical lightweight structures of fiber-reinforced composites, it features a two-dimensional polygon array with periodic topological organization in the plane, and brings technical challenges to fabricate fiber-reinforced composites. Herein, we present a novel acoustic-assisted 3D printing method to fabricate fiber-reinforced composites with simplified honeycomb structures. Firstly, the surface acoustic wave (SAW) assisted printing system was developed, and its working principle for fiber-reinforced composites printing was introduced. Both carbon fibers and carbon nanofibers can be patterned into fine patterning with the assistance of SAW-induced pressure fields. With a layer-by-layer process, fiber-reinforced composites with simplified honeycomb structures were successfully printed. The compression tests showed that the specific energy absorption of the fiber-reinforced composite was about 168 J/kg and its ultimate stress was 1840 kPa, these values were 75.0 % and 102 % higher than that of the pure resin printed structures, respectively.
Long-term evaluation of clinical success and safety of omadacycline in nontuberculous mycobacteria infections: a retrospective, multicenter cohort of real-world health outcomes
Authors: El Ghali Amer , Morrisette Taylor , Alosaimy Sara , Lucas Kristen , Tupayachi-Ortiz Maria G. , Vemula Raaga , Wadle Carly , Philley Julie V. , Mejia-Chew Carlos , Hamad Yasir , Stevens Ryan W. , Zeuli John D. , Webb Andrew J. , Fiske Christina T. , Simonyan Anahit , Cimino Christo L. , Mammadova Mehriban , Umana Virginia E. , Hasbun Rodrigo , Butt Saira , Molina Kyle C. , Thomas Michael , Kaip Emily A. , Bouchard Jeannette , Gore Tristan W. , Howard Catessa , Cabanilla M. Gabriela , Holger Dana J. , Frens Jeremy J. , Barger Melissa , Ong Aaron , Cohen Keira A. , Rybak Michael J. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Infections due to nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) continue to increase in prevalence, leading to problematic clinical outcomes. Omadacycline (OMC) is an aminomethylcycline antibiotic with FDA orphan drug and fast-track designations for pulmonary NTM infections, including
Mycobacteroides abscessus
(MAB). This multicenter retrospective study across 16 U.S. medical institutions from January 2020 to March 2023 examined the long-term clinical success, safety, and tolerability of OMC for NTM infections. The cohort included patients aged ≥18 yr, who were clinically evaluable, and` had been treated with OMC for ≥3 mo without a previous diagnosis of cystic fibrosis. The primary outcome was 3 mo clinical success, with secondary outcomes including clinical improvement and mortality at 6- and 12 mo, persistence or reemergence of infection, adverse effects, and reasons for OMC utilization. Seventy-five patients were included in this analysis. Most patients were female (48/75, 64.0%) or Caucasian (58/75, 77.3%), with a median (IQR) age of 59 yr (49–67). Most had NTM pulmonary disease (33/75, 44.0%), skin and soft tissue disease (19/75, 25.3%), or osteomyelitis (10/75, 13.3%), and
Mycobacterium abscessus
(60/75, 80%) was the most commonly isolated NTM pathogen. The median (IQR) treatment duration was 6 mo (
4
–
14
), and the most commonly co-administered antibiotic was azithromycin (33/70, 47.1%). Three-month clinical success was observed in 80.0% (60/75) of patients, and AEs attributable to OMC occurred in 32.0% (24/75) of patients, leading to drug discontinuation in 9.3% (7/75).
Development of a new effective African swine fever virus vaccine candidate by deletion of the H240R and MGF505-7R genes results in protective immunity against the Eurasia strain
Authors: Li Jiangnan , Song Jie , Zhou Shijun , Li Shuai , Liu Jia , Li Tingting , Zhang Zhaoxia , Zhang Xianfeng , He Xijun , Chen Weiye , Zheng Jun , Zhao Dongming , Bu Zhigao , Huang Li , Weng Changjiang 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

African swine fever is a contagious and lethal disease of domestic pigs and wild boars, which has caused significant economic loss for the swine industry. African swine fever virus (ASFV) is the etiological agent of ASF. Until now, no effective commercial vaccine and antiviral drugs are available for ASF control. Here, we report a new designed live-attenuated mutant (ASFV-ΔH240R-Δ7R) by deleting H240R and MGF505-7R genes based on the highly pathogenic ASFV HLJ/18 backbone. The viral titer of ASFV-ΔH240R-Δ7R was decreased approximately 1.0 log in porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) compared with its parental ASFV HLJ/18, and it is highly stability following 30 serial passages
in vitro
. Piglets immunized by intramuscular inoculation with 10
3
or 10
5
HAD
50
of ASFV-ΔH240R-Δ7R displayed safety without any ASF-related signs and could not be transmitted by direct contact. In addition, the immunized pigs produced specific antibodies against p30 but not those cohabitation piglets. Challenged with a virulent ASFV isolate HLJ/18, the piglets in the immunized group with 10
3
HAD
50
of ASFV-ΔH240R-Δ7R obtained clinically significant 100% protection with mild clinical symptoms, whereas the piglets in the immunized group with 10
5
HAD
50
of ASFV-ΔH240R-Δ7R obtained 100% protection without clinical symptoms. Moreover, the piglets in the immunized group with 10
5
HAD
50
of ASFV-ΔH240R-Δ7R exhibited low levels of virus replication and with no observed pathological changes by postmortem and histological analysis. Overall, our results provided a new designed live vaccine candidate and rationalized the understanding of ASFV gene function, virus attenuation, and protection against ASFV infection.

IMPORTANCE
African swine fever (ASF) caused by ASF virus (ASFV) is a highly contagious and acute hemorrhagic viral disease in domestic pigs. Until now, no effective commercial vaccine and antiviral drugs are available for ASF control. Here, we generated a new live-attenuated vaccine candidate (ASFV-ΔH240R-Δ7R) by deleting H240R and MGF505-7R genes from the highly pathogenic ASFV HLJ/18 genome. Piglets immunized with ASFV-ΔH240R-Δ7R were safe without any ASF-related signs and produced specific antibodies against p30. Challenged with a virulent ASFV HLJ/18, the piglets immunized with high-dose group (105 HAD50) exhibited 100% protection without clinical symptoms, showing that low levels of virus replication with no observed pathogenicity by postmortem and histological analysis. Overall, our results provided a new strategy by designing live-attenuated vaccine candidate, resulting in protection against ASFV infection.