bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Laws of the Technological Jungle
Authors: Velarde Gissel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The third chapter ties up many loose ends concerning technology and gender. First, it analyses the role of women and men in technological jobs based on statistics from several countries. Then, it describes documented female obstacles in the technological jungle such as implicit bias, maternity, pay gap, and discrimination. Next, it investigates female occupational choices from a biological and cultural perspective. It briefly reviews the historical situation of female participation in education, politics, health, and technology since the Roman Empire, during the Middle Ages, and towards the Industrial Revolution until today. Furthermore, it tells experiences from contemporary females in technology, and revises research on Mileva Maric and Albert Einstein’s success. The chapter also includes observations from studies on females in technology conducted in India, Armenia, the United States, the United Kingdom, Japan, Sweden, and several Latin American countries, among others. Finally, it makes an analogy between technological environments and ape societies of bonobos and chimpanzees.
Aims and Scope
Authors: Kristjánsson Kristján , Fowers Blaine J. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This opening chapter charts the rising interest in phronesis within Philosophy, Psychology, general Social Science, Professional Ethics, and Moral/Character Education. Each field has its own reasons for this resurgence of interest—although partly interwoven. In order to identify those reasons, this chapter is directed at developments in the history of ideas in Enlightenment and post-Enlightenment times, which, temporarily, turned the focus away from phronesis. The relevance of wisdom in general and phronesis in particular for existential challenges in modernity, such as the recent pandemic, is explained. The specific motivations of the authors are then set out, along with the aims of the whole book and each chapter. At the close of this chapter, readers will have a clear sense of where the discourse on phronesis is heading and what the remaining theoretical, empirical, normative, and educational issues are that need to be settled in order to establish a serviceable phronesis model.
The History of Wisdom Research in Psychology and the New Common Model
Authors: Kristjánsson Kristján , Fowers Blaine J. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Wisdom research in Psychology has soared in recent years, culminating in a new ‘common wisdom model’. That model is discussed in light of the preceding history of psychological wisdom research. Although the new model aims at integrating common denominators of the wisdom construct from previously diverging theorists, various sceptical and heterodox voices remain amongst wisdom researchers, as witnessed by nine critical commentaries published alongside the new model. The two primary threads of disagreement with the new model and divergences among the authors seem to be (1) its neglect of emotionality and (2) the vagueness of its depiction of the morality inherent in wisdom. Although the common model is, in many ways, a culmination of previous theory and research on wisdom, it remains a single advance that requires further development. Remaining disagreements show that the new model is just a first step and that more conceptual work is needed.
Life of Jatra Actresses
Authors: Das Prabhatkumar 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Although actresses participated in jatra in the 19th century, it was usually men who played the female characters, to the great adulation of audiences. In the 1950s, the inclusion of women in Calcutta’s professional jatra ushered in a new era of change. The first generation of actresses usually came from refugee families, who joined the jatra purely to sustain themselves. Initially, they had to contend with the hegemony of female impersonators. As times changed, the inclusion of actresses became the norm in every jatra troupe, leading to widespread changes in their social makeup. In the patriarchal framework of the jatra industry, actresses had to struggle against severely exploitative practices and social manipulations. This chapter is a culmination of decades-long research, and is a study of printed memoirs and interviews with past and present jatra personalities. Cutting through the salacious networks of gossip and rumours, this chapter attempts to present an objective picture of the complex struggles of jatra actresses’ lives.
Poverty to Sustenance
Authors: Das Poulomi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter unpacks the notions of dignity and agency that women ‘folk’ performers of Sundarban interrogate, embrace, and flout to mitigate and often transcend their class- and gender-oppressed realities. Using the lens of gender studies and the tool of ethnographic narrative enquiry, this chapter explicates their tales of journeying from poverty to sustenance. Their tales could be interpreted as shameful or respectful according to the choice and socioeconomic position of the observer; but for them, these are lived experiences of resistance in the face of vulnerability and precarity. In spite of being subjected to discrimination and appropriation of all possible categories and sometimes being labelled as ‘loose’ and ‘available’ women, contrary to popular assumptions of social marginalization, these ‘deviant’ women exhibit pride and ownership of not only their skill of performing but also their bodies, both performing and sexual. Performing empowers them with a rare strain of resilience, but most importantly with economic stability and social recognition.
The Simplest Life
Authors: Brazma Alvis 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this chapter, the analogy between von Neumann’s theory of self-replication and Francis Crick’s central dogma is developed further. First, some of the simplest known forms of life, bacteria, and, in particular, how bacteria function, grow, divide, and thus replicate are described. It is assessed how many different ‘parts’ (proteins) the simplest bacteria need to be able to replicate and thus to exist (to live), and if even simpler life is possible. The chapter briefly touches upon the possibility of life based entirely on RNA, and if a single self-replicating information-carrying molecule exists. At the end of this chapter, the analogy between a living cell and von Neuman’s universal constructor is discussed.
The conditions under which UN peace operations assist the ICC
Authors: Buitelaar Tom 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter builds on the current scholarship on decision-making in peace operations, state support for international criminal justice, and inter-organizational relations to develop a set of theoretical expectations on the conditions under which UN peace operations assist the ICC. It takes the key decision-makers within the UN peace operation as its units of analysis and formulates expectations for how three sets of factors shape the process leading to a decision on whether and how to assist the ICC. These include underlying structural factors (the legal framework, international support, the mission’s capacity, and the existence of precedents), the intermediate risk context (particularly the risks to stability, relations with the host state government, and force protection), and agent-level factors (to what extent the leadership supports the anti-impunity norm and their attitudes towards risks). It also outlines how it expects other international and national actors to affect the decision-making process.
Conclusion
Authors: Buitelaar Tom 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter provides an answer to the research question, analysing the structural conditions, risk considerations, and agent-level factors that shape the decision by UN mission leaders on whether and how to assist the ICC. Subsequently, the chapter turns to the implications for the scholarly literature, discussing in particular what the book’s findings mean for the peacekeeping, international criminal justice, and inter-organizational relations literatures. In the penultimate section, the chapter discusses the structural and operational effects of UN–ICC cooperation, before closing with an analysis of how the constraints on assistance can be manipulated.
Key concepts in the study of questions
Authors: Trotzke Andreas 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter provides some theoretical background on the study of questions in linguistics. Questions have always been a prominent topic in the language sciences, but especially so in the subfields of pragmatics, semantics, and phonology. Chapter 2 first deals with the notion of questions in classical speech act theory and pragmatics and highlights the fact that questions form a distinct type of directive speech acts, featuring a dedicated set of felicity conditions. The chapter then introduces basic semantic notions that are discussed in the literature to model the meaning of questions. Finally, the interface between question meaning and phonology is sketched by referring to some basic patterns, and by pointing out to what extent those patterns are language-specific or might hold cross-linguistically.
Non-canonical questions as second moves in a dialogue
Authors: Trotzke Andreas 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Chapter 8 of the book turns to non-canonical questions as second moves in a dialogue and introduces the important distinction between answers and responses. Intuitively, since non-canonical questions often carry presuppositions that can potentially convey information asked for in a dialogue sequence, those questions can potentially be used as responses to other questions. The chapter connects relevant data on those response patterns to the syntax of other response strategies (like anaphoric response particles) and develops an analysis that can account for the indirect ways in which non-canonical questions can be used as second moves in a dialogue via pragmatic inferences.
Emotional intensities in non-canonical questions
Authors: Trotzke Andreas 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Chapter 9 presents a general characterization of the role of emotional intensities in non-canonical questions, and discusses how they connect to key concepts in degree semantics. The chapter pays particular attention to proposition-level intensification strategies, the hypothesis being that those are the most relevant scope environments that are at play in the domain of non-canonical questions. Specifically, the chapter introduces the notion of attitudinal scales based on prominent lexical cases, and it demonstrates to what extent the same semantics is relevant for characterizing the emotional potential of some of the readings of non-canonical questions that are discussed in this book.
Grasping the Nature of CAPs
Authors: Engler Sarah 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter provides a systematic classification of centrist anti-establishment parties (CAPs) and discusses their characteristics in more detail. More than 50 percent of all new parties that have successfully competed in Central and Eastern European elections since the early 2000s display high levels of anti-establishment rhetoric and promote ideological positions that are affiliated with neither the radical left nor the radical right and can therefore be considered CAPs. But what do CAPs stand for apart from criticizing the political establishment? The literature remains quite vague in this regard and mainly refers to their alleged ideological emptiness. This chapter empirically investigates CAPs’ political platforms and puts forward two conclusions. First, corruption, indeed, is an important issue in the political strategies of almost all CAPs as it allows them to criticize other parties without attacking the latter’s ideological positions. Second, CAPs often display more distinct ideological profiles than the literature would suggest.
Three Strategies of Survival
Authors: Engler Sarah 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The case studies in this chapter examine three centrist anti-establishment parties (CAPs) that have survived by adopting a strategy of survival (Direction (Smer) in Slovakia, Law and Justice (PiS) in Poland, and New Era (JL) in Latvia) and one that died despite its transformation into a mainstream party (Gregor Virant’s List (DL) in Slovenia). PiS upheld a protest strategy and integrated it into a right-wing populist framework. Smer abandoned its anti-establishment appeals and started focusing on its social democratic profile. JL concentrated on its anti-corruption discourse and abandoned its outsider image. The case studies rely on qualitative evidence from elite interviews and the secondary literature and identify critical junctures in the parties’ strategic decisions, explore party officials’ rationales, and elaborate on the difficulties the parties faced when switching electoral strategies. The chapter confirms the patterns we detected in Chapter 4 but also highlights the challenges posed by party-internal divisions over strategic decisions.
Lessons Learned
Authors: Engler Sarah 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter embeds the main findings of the book into recent debates about the implications of rising anti-establishment politics and the declining emphasis put on the traditional ideological dimensions for European politics. Centrist anti-establishment parties (CAPs) embody all of these phenomena, with their focus on protest rather than on ideology. Their rise has opened up space for more radical ideologies as some CAPs have radicalized over time. In other cases, it has created a divide centered around corruption or it has simply replaced other mainstream parties. Yet, regardless of the path CAPs take, they are more likely to persist if embedded in existing ideological divides. We can therefore conclude that ideology matters even in the most volatile contexts. Finally, the conclusion draws parallels with more recent developments in Western Europe, where similar parties, such as the Italian Five Star Movement, have also entered politics.
Biology Meets Culture
Authors: Davis Cross Mai'a K. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The second chapter considers findings from the field of human evolution and brings culture—defined as our common human mentality and behavior—into the mix. Where biology meets culture, it becomes clear that evolution is more than just survival of the fittest. The co-evolution of human inventions and genes means that social relationships are firmly intertwined with natural selection, defined as the increase in certain genetic traits across a population as a result of the advantages those genes provide. Humans have evolved in such a way that we cannot actually survive, let alone thrive, without empathy and a web of social relationships.
The Federalist Idea and the European Movement
Authors: Davis Cross Mai'a K. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Chapter 5 examines the development of the European Union (EU), with a focus on how and why, in the late 1940s and early 1950s, European leaders were finally able to make long-held ideas about uniting Europe a reality. In the interwar period, fresh ideas surrounding the establishment of a federal union flourished and subsequently re-emerged with greater strength in the war-time resistance movement on a new tide of optimism. The very notion of voluntarily bringing sovereign nation states—many of which had been fighting gruesome battles for centuries—under a shared supranational governance system was wholly unprecedented, yet it had palpably galvanized the public. It would have transcendent impact. In line with ultrasociality, the new narrative of European federalism was that nationalism embodied selfishness and tribalism and thus had to be eradicated.
The Spaceflight Idea and the Spaceflight Movement
Authors: Davis Cross Mai'a K. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the 1920s and 1930s, as actual spaceflight seemed increasingly within reach, the Spaceflight Movement was born. It was comprised of a diverse and international network of individuals interested in philosophy, technology, and rockets, galvanized by the shared goal of achieving the human capacity to travel to, and eventually settle on, other planets. Members of the Spaceflight Movement espoused the Spaceflight Idea: space was for all of humankind and was a fundamentally peaceful domain for scientific and technological advancement and exploration. The underlying narrative they embraced was that from the perspective of outer space, humans were no longer from any specific country; they were one people from planet Earth. This very much resonated with human ultrasociality. Public enthusiasm for the adventure of space and celebration of any milestone as a human accomplishment was very clear.
A Permanent Presence in Space . . . and Beyond
Authors: Davis Cross Mai'a K. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Despite the broader conflict of the Cold War, and then subsequently what is known as Space Race 2.0 today, space has still largely been an arena for common aspirations and peaceful human achievement. The major crises of the First and Second World Wars and the Cold War helped to spur on the Spaceflight Idea—people craved the power of possibility after such misery and suffering. The Spaceflight Movement and its leaders strongly and consistently supported the Spaceflight Idea. Of course, the concrete expression of the Spaceflight Idea was not achieved all at once (it was too aspirational for that), but it clearly opened up pathways for progressive change. After the Space Race era, the cooperative nature of space exploration became even easier to see, culminating in the establishment of the International Space Station.
The Non-use Idea and the Anti-nuclear Movement
Authors: Davis Cross Mai'a K. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Chapter 11 tracks how the non-use idea, with its ultrasocial resonance, emerged and gained widespread, societal support. It emphasizes that the development of the non-use idea was not only a reaction against something but also a drive for something broader: a recognition of a common humanity and shared belief that peace is possible. Just as with the case of the European movement and the federalist idea, the strength of the anti-nuclear movement and the non-use idea came in waves from the 1940s to the 1980s. But even as protests waxed and waned, the non-use idea remained steadfast and widespread. Millions of ordinary citizens, activists, and scientists across dozens of countries were inspired to pursue the greater good, and they repeatedly refused to take no for an answer. Crucially, the anti-nuclear movement was embedded within the larger, pre-existing peace movement and its underlying ultrasocial principles.
The Taboo and Its Rivals
Authors: Davis Cross Mai'a K. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
While the international system today is one in which interstate war is largely considered a last resort and should only be embarked upon under legitimate circumstances (i.e., self-defense or a United Nations Security Council resolution), once war begins, this chapter argues that the non-use idea is still a strong barrier in its conduct. An ultrasocial approach suggests that it is likely that the non-use idea has become more entrenched than both the taboo (unthinking, gut response) and the tradition (path-dependence) because it is intricately tied to norms against war and in favor of peace. Societal belief in a new narrative that connected non-use of nuclear weapons to the achievement of peace in general and the human capacity to create a better future was crucial.
Conclusion to Part V
Authors: Davis Cross Mai'a K. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The human tendency to gravitate toward ultrasociality has made a strong mark on efforts to stop climate change through a worldwide, unrelenting movement that relies on both voluntary and required transformation. Even though there are distinctions and debates over the best approach to achieve net zero carbon emissions, the general goal of stopping climate change is shared. In that sense, the climate movement and the broader societal push to solve climate change has an overarching belief holding everyone together in pursuit of transformation and a better future. However, breakthroughs in international relations always require governments to undergo change and to work together, even when it is difficult. The outcome of this case may not be known until at least the 2030s.
Monetizing Energy Storage
Authors: Schmidt Oliver , Staffell Iain 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Energy systems around the world have started going through rapid and profound transformations. Electric vehicles are breaking into the mainstream, and millions of wind and solar farms are replacing fossil fuel power plants, but both developments create fundamental challenges for the security of electricity supply. Energy storage could resolve these and drive deep decarbonization at lower cost. As a result, the storage industry is projected to grow to hundreds of times its current size in the coming decades. Businesses, policy-makers, and academics need to assess the economic case for energy storage and the future roles it will play. This is complicated by rapidly falling investment costs, the wide range of technologies, and the vast array of use cases for energy storage. The authors introduce a comprehensive toolkit required for assessing how the benefits of energy storage stack up against its costs. They give sharp insights on future prices, lifetime costs, technology competitiveness, profitability, and market size based on this toolkit. These are complemented by clear and transparent explanations of the underlying datasets and methods. Worked examples using an easy-to-access online tool further empower readers to conduct their own assessments with custom data. Various frequently asked questions provide real-world examples and bust some of the most prevalent myths on energy storage. This book is aimed at both decision-makers that require key insights into the energy storage business and practitioners that want to perform their own analyses on the current and future cost and value of energy storage.
Energy storage toolkit
Authors: Schmidt Oliver , Staffell Iain 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Economic assessment of energy storage is complicated by multiple factors: rapidly changing investment costs, different scopes for those costs, the wide range of technologies and performance characteristics, the multitude of use-cases with conflicting requirements, and the wide range of markets around the world. To begin navigating this complexity and uncertainty, this chapter lays out the fundamental building blocks for assessing energy storage technologies: their relevant technical and economic parameters. It presents the product value chain to highlight the technological scope that cost parameters of storage systems can refer to, and explains the difference between total and specific investment cost. It also introduces the lifetime cost metrics that are discussed throughout this book. It thereby provides the fundamental grounding in both technology metrics and financial performance metrics to assess energy storage technologies.