bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Braincase and neuroanatomy of the lagerpetid Dromomeron gregorii (Archosauria, Pterosauromorpha) with comments on the early evolution of the braincase and associated soft tissues in Avemetatarsalia
Authors: Bronzati Mario , Langer Max C. , Ezcurra Martín D. , Stocker Michelle R. , Nesbitt Sterling J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe anatomy of the braincase and associated soft tissues of the lagerpetid Dromomeron gregorii (Archosauria: Avemetatarsalia) from the Late Triassic of the United States is here described. This corresponds to the first detailed description of cranial materials of Lagerpetidae, an enigmatic group of Late Triassic (c. 236–200 Million years ago) animals that are the closest known relatives of pterosaurs, the flying reptiles. The braincase of D. gregorii is characterized by the presence of an anteriorly elongated laterosphenoid and a postparietal, features observed in stem‐archosaurs but that were still unknown in early members of the avian lineage of archosaurs. Using micro‐computed tomography (CT‐scan data), we present digital reconstructions of the brain and endosseous labyrinth of D. gregorii. The brain of D. gregorii exhibits a floccular lobe of the cerebellum that projects within the space of the semicircular canals. The semicircular canals are relatively large when compared to other archosauromorphs, with the anterior canal exhibiting a circular shape. These features of the sensory structures of D. gregorii are more similar to those of pterosaurs than to those of other early avemetatarsalians. In sum, the braincase anatomy of D. gregorii shows a combination of plesiomorphic and apomorphic features in the phylogenetic context of Archosauria and suggests that the still poorly understood early evolution of the braincase in avemetatarsalians is complex, with a scenario of independent acquisitions and losses of character states.
How do embarrassing service disruptions impact bystanders' word‐of‐mouth, complaining, and avoidance? The moderating role of self‐construal
Authors: Ziegler Alexander H. , Allen Alexis M. , Peloza John , Norris J. Ian 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn public settings such as retail, an embarrassed consumer may be witnessed by others. Thus, vicarious embarrassment may be even more ubiquitous than embarrassment itself. However, the impact of observers' individual characteristics on reactions to embarrassing service disruptions is not clear. To close this gap, the current research examines how observers' self‐construal, or their perception of the self in relation to others, systematically alters observers' responses to embarrassing service disruptions. The data for this research was collected from 674 US respondents recruited amongst undergraduate students at a large North American university (study 1, n = 193) and from an online subject panel (study 2, n = 281 and study 3, n = 200). Across all three experiments, the authors demonstrate that vicarious embarrassment is conditional on observers' self‐construal. Specifically, the results demonstrate that observers with a predominantly interdependent self‐construal experience stronger vicarious embarrassment than consumers with a predominantly independent self‐construal. This occurs because they are more likely to take the actor's perspective. These differences manifest whether we operationalize self‐construal as a measured individual difference or use a prime to induce self‐construal situationally. Furthermore, observers with a predominantly interdependent self‐construal alter their word‐of‐mouth, complaining, and avoidance intentions, effects mediated by perspective‐taking and vicarious embarrassment. The current research contributes to theory and practice by introducing self‐construal as a boundary condition to the vicarious embarrassment literature.
Cognitive and psychiatric signs revealing Sneddon syndrome: A case report
Authors: Karoui Mehdi , Baklouti Emna , Ben Mohamed Dina , Riahi Hend , Chelli‐Bouaziz Mouna 
Published: October 2023

Key Clinical MessageThe diagnosis of Sneddon Syndrome should be considered in adults with young‐onset dementia accompanied by neuropsychiatric signs and livedo racemosa. Magnetic resonance imaging and cerebral angiography are essential. A cutaneous biopsy may help in the diagnosis.AbstractSneddon syndrome (SS) is a clinical entity corresponding to a noninflammatory thrombotic vasculopathy that typically includes livedo racemosa and cerebrovascular ischemia. Psychiatric symptoms with cognitive impairment often occur but are rarely the inaugural symptoms. We present a case of secondary SS in a 45‐year‐old man in whom dementia and psychosis revealed the disease.
Synthesis and Properties of Boron‐Containing Heteromerous Bistricyclic Aromatic Enes: Structural Effects on Thermodynamic Stability and Photoreactivity
Authors: Yamada Kohei , Adachi Yohei , Ohshita Joji 
Published: October 2023

AbstractOvercrowded bistricyclic aromatic enes (BAEs) have several conformations such as twisted and anti‐folded conformers, and their stereochemistry and chromism have been studied in earnest. In this study, boron‐containing heteromerous BAEs having various tricyclic structures were synthesized and their photophysical properties investigated. Single‐crystal X‐ray analysis revealed that the introduction of a rigid fluorene unit resulted in a twisted conformer, whereas the introduction of flexible units such as thioxanthene and 9,9‐dimethyl‐9,10‐dihydroanthracene units resulted in an anti‐folded conformer. The absorption spectra of the heteromerous BAEs were dependent on the introduced tricyclic structures, suggesting the immense impact of the tricyclic structures on the electronic structures of BAEs. DFT calculations revealed the large effect of the flexibility of the tricyclic structures on the thermodynamic stability of the conformers. In addition, the boron‐containing heteromerous BAEs underwent photocyclization reactions, indicating their potential application as precursors of polyaromatic hydrocarbons and helical aromatic materials.
Determination of the Handedness of Urea Inclusion Compounds
Authors: Wang Bo , Xu Chaofan , Liang Wenli , Pongkulapa Pasaorn , Lin Yiqing 
Published: October 2023

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Bo Wang at Biogen. The image depicts the sectored chiral domains of urea inclusion compounds. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202302217.
Sharp asymptotic estimates for expectations, probabilities, and mean first passage times in stochastic systems with small noise
Authors: Grafke Tobias , Schäfer Tobias , Vanden‐Eijnden Eric 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFreidlin‐Wentzell theory of large deviations can be used to compute the likelihood of extreme or rare events in stochastic dynamical systems via the solution of an optimization problem. The approach gives exponential estimates that often need to be refined via calculation of a prefactor. Here it is shown how to perform these computations in practice. Specifically, sharp asymptotic estimates are derived for expectations, probabilities, and mean first passage times in a form that is geared towards numerical purposes: they require solving well‐posed matrix Riccati equations involving the minimizer of the Freidlin‐Wentzell action as input, either forward or backward in time with appropriate initial or final conditions tailored to the estimate at hand. The usefulness of our approach is illustrated on several examples. In particular, invariant measure probabilities and mean first passage times are calculated in models involving stochastic partial differential equations of reaction‐advection‐diffusion type.
The Optimal Amount of Lithium Difluorophosphate as an Additive for Si‐Dominant Anodes in an Application‐Oriented Setup
Authors: Stehle Philipp , Rutz Daniel , Bazzoun Ali M. , Vrankovic Dragoljub , Anjass Montaha 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) and vinylene carbonate (VC) are considered the most effective electrolyte additives for improving the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) of Si‐containing anodes while lithium difluorophosphate (LiDFP) is known to improve the interphases of cathode materials and graphite. Here, we combine VC, FEC, and different amounts of LiDFP in a highly‐concentrated electrolyte to investigate the effect on Si‐dominant anodes in detail. Cycle life tests, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and rate tests with anode potential monitoring were conducted in Si/NCM pouch cells. The results reveal that adding LiDFP to the electrolyte improves all performance criteria of the full cells, with a concentration of 1 wt% being the optimal value for most cases. Post‐mortem analyses using scanning electron microscopy and x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed that a more beneficial SEI film was formed for higher LiDFP concentrations, which led to less decomposition of electrolyte components and a better‐maintained anode microstructure.
Targeting BMI‐1 to deplete antibody‐secreting cells in autoimmunity
Authors: Polmear Jack , Hailes Lauren , Olshansky Moshe , Rischmueller Maureen , L'Estrange‐Stranieri Elan , Fletcher Anne L , Hibbs Margaret L , Bryant Vanessa L , Good‐Jacobson Kim L 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectivesB cells drive the production of autoreactive antibody‐secreting cells (ASCs) in autoimmune diseases such as Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and Sjögren's syndrome, causing long‐term organ damage. Current treatments for antibody‐mediated autoimmune diseases target B cells or broadly suppress the immune system. However, pre‐existing long‐lived ASCs are often refractory to treatment, leaving a reservoir of autoreactive cells that continue to produce antibodies. Therefore, the development of novel treatment methods targeting ASCs is vital to improve patient outcomes. Our objective was to test whether targeting the epigenetic regulator BMI‐1 could deplete ASCs in autoimmune conditions in vivo and in vitro.MethodsUse of a BMI‐1 inhibitor in both mouse and human autoimmune settings was investigated. Lyn−/− mice, a model of SLE, were treated with the BMI‐1 small molecule inhibitor PTC‐028, before assessment of ASCs, serum antibody and immune complexes. To examine human ASC survival, a novel human fibroblast‐based assay was established, and the impact of PTC‐028 on ASCs derived from Sjögren's syndrome patients was evaluated.ResultsBMI‐1 inhibition significantly decreased splenic and bone marrow ASCs in Lyn−/− mice. The decline in ASCs was linked to aberrant cell cycle gene expression and led to a significant decrease in serum IgG3, immune complexes and anti‐DNA IgG. PTC‐028 was also efficacious in reducing ex vivo plasma cell survival from both Sjögren's syndrome patients and age‐matched healthy donors.ConclusionThese data provide evidence that inhibiting BMI‐1 can deplete ASC in a variety of contexts and thus BMI‐1 is a viable therapeutic target for antibody‐mediated autoimmune diseases.
Skill trade‐offs promote persistent individual differences and specialized tactics
Authors: Dubois Frédérique 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIndividuals generally differ in their ability to perform challenging behaviours, but the causes of such variability remain incompletely understood. Because animals can usually use different behavioural tactics to achieve their goals, we might expect individual differences in skill to be maintained when the available tactics require different abilities to perform well. To explore this idea, I used the producer‐scrounger (PS) paradigm, which considers interactions between foragers that may either invest effort in searching for resources (i.e. produce) or exploit others' discoveries (i.e. scrounge). Specifically, I tested whether individual differences in cognitive traits (i.e. the ability to find food) might result from a trade‐off with competitiveness (i.e. the ability to steal food) that would exert disruptive selection pressure and, as such, might explain the coexistence of condition‐dependent foraging tactics. If individuals differ in their competitiveness, with strong contestants being better able to monopolize food resources (and hence to scrounge), the model predicts that strong and weak competitors should rely more on scrounging and producing, respectively, especially when the finder's advantage is low. These findings indicate that the existence of individual differences in competitive abilities may be sufficient to explain short‐term individual foraging tactic specialization. Yet, the degree of behavioural specialization is expected to depend on both the social and ecological context. Furthermore, persistent phenotypic differences, that are necessary for stable individual specialization, require the existence of a trade‐off between competitive abilities that enable greater success as scroungers and cognitive abilities that are associated with better efficiency to detect and/or capture prey and, as such, enable greater success as producers. Therefore, this study further highlights the importance of considering the existence of alternative tactics to measure and predict the evolution of traits, including cognitive traits, within populations.
Bricolage and beyond: Bringing modern entrepreneurship theories to bear on policy entrepreneurship
Authors: Hand Mark C. , Birkhead Colin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWho makes policy change happen, and how? Public policy scholars now take more seriously the role of agency in the policy process, and in particular the role of policy entrepreneurship, a contested term built mostly from classical, economic conceptions of entrepreneurship from the mid‐20th century. In this study, we introduce policy scholars to modern theories of entrepreneurship from sociology and management scholarship, including cultural entrepreneurship, effectuation, bricolage, and entrepreneurial assembly. We show that theories connect more easily with major theories of the policy process more easily than classical theories do and argue policy scholars should make room for multiple policy entrepreneurship archetypes. We also give three examples—organizational imprinting, the small firm effect, and survivorship bias—of the readymade research agenda modern entrepreneurship theories offer to policy entrepreneurship scholars. Finally, we show how these theories help policy scholars build bridges to other political science subfields.
Selected food items adulteration, their impacts on public health, and detection methods: A review
Authors: Haji Abdulmajid , Desalegn Kasahun , Hassen Hayat 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEvery living thing requires food to survive. Clean, fresh, and healthy foods are important to human health. Today, food is affected by various counterfeits. Adulteration of food is the intentional deterioration of the quality of food offered for sale by either the addition or substitution of an inferior substance or by the omission of a valuable ingredient. Economically motivated adulteration is the intentional adulteration of food for financial gain, and has enormous public health implications, making it an important issue in food science. Almost every food, including milk and dairy products, fats and oils, fruits and vegetables, grain foods, coffee, tea, honey, etc., is susceptible to adulteration. It is difficult to find food that is free from adulteration. Consumption of adulterated food contributes to numerous diseases in society, ranging from mild to life threatening. Therefore, detection of adulteration in food is essential to ensure the safety of the food we consume. To provide consumers with food that is free of adulterants, various detection methods such as physical, chemical, biochemical, and molecular techniques are used to identify adulterants in food. This review aims to provide up‐to‐date information on food adulteration, its impact on health, and the analytical techniques used to detect adulteration in food.
Expression of “DNA damage response” pathway genes in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma: The potential for exploiting synthetic lethality
Authors: Mansoor Adnan , Kamran Hamza , Rizwan Hassan , Akhter Ariz , Roshan Tariq Mahmood , Shabani‐Rad Meer‐Taher , Bavi Prashant , Stewart Douglas 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDiffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and follicular lymphoma (FL) are two of the most prevalent non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma subtypes. Despite advances, treatment resistance and patient relapse remain challenging issues. Our study aimed to scrutinize gene expression distinctions between DLBCL and FL, employing a cohort of 53 DLBCL and 104 FL samples that underwent rigorous screening for genetic anomalies. The NanoString nCounter assay evaluated 730 cancer‐associated genes, focusing on densely tumorous areas in diagnostic samples. Employing the Lymph2Cx method, we determined the cell‐of‐origin (COO) for DLBCL cases. Our meticulous analysis, facilitated by Qlucore Omics Explorer software, unveiled a substantial 37% of genes with significantly differential expression patterns between DLBCL and FL, pointing to nuanced mechanistic disparities. Investigating the impact of FL disease stage and DLBCL COO on gene expression yielded minimal differences, prompting us to direct our attention to consistently divergent genes in DLBCL. Intriguingly, our Gene Set Enrichment Analysis spotlighted 21% of these divergent genes, converging on the DNA damage response (DDR) pathway, vital for cell survival and cancer evolution. Strong positive correlations among most DDR genes were noted, with key genes like BRCA1, FANCA, FEN1, PLOD1, PCNA, and RAD51 distinctly upregulated in DLBCL compared to FL and normal tissue controls. These findings were subsequently validated using RNA seq data on normal controls and DLBCL samples from public databases like The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Genotype‐Tissue Expression (GTEx) databases, enhancing the robustness of our results. Considering the established significance of these DDR genes in solid cancer therapies, our study underscores their potential applicability in DLBCL treatment strategies. In conclusion, our investigation highlights marked gene expression differences between DLBCL and FL, with particular emphasis on the essential DDR pathway. The identification of these DDR genes as potential therapeutic targets encourages further exploration of synthetic lethality‐based approaches for managing DLBCL.
Treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection 14‐day concomitant quadruple therapy versus triple therapy: A parallel double‐blind randomized controlled trial
Authors: Loghmari Mohamed Hichem , Aissaoui Firas , Guediche Arwa , Bouhlel Wided , Zakhama Mejda , Chaabene Nabil B. , Rehaiem Amel , Ben Abdeljalil Nouha , Njima Manel , Zakhama Abdelfetteh , Kadri Yosr , Mastouri Maha , Safer Leila 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsSuccessful Helicobacter pylori (Hp) eradication with the traditional 7‐day course of proton pump inhibitor triple therapy is declining. Prolonging therapy to 14 days is associated with better eradication rates. Most learned societies recommend concomitant quadruple therapy (QC) as a first‐line alternative therapy for this bacterial infection. The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy and safety of triple therapy (TT) and QC for the eradication of Hp infection.MethodsA parallel double‐blind randomized controlled trial was conducted. The diagnosis of Hp infection was made by pathological examination of gastric biopsies. Patients were randomly assigned to two treatment groups: either QC (esomeprazole 80 mg, amoxicillin 2000 mg, clarithromycin 1000 mg, and metronidazole 1000 mg daily) or triple therapy (esomeprazole 80 mg, amoxicillin 2000 mg, and clarithromycin 1000 mg daily in divided doses) for 14 days. The efficacy of the treatment is defined by Hp eradication attested by a negative breath test performed 6 weeks after the completion of treatment. Treatment outcomes were compared using the chi‐square test, while binary logistic regression identified predictors of treatment failure.ResultsNinety‐two patients were included. Forty‐two patients belonged to the QC group and 50 to the TT group. No significant difference was noted between the two groups concerning the rate of Hp eradication either by intention to treat (81% vs. 72% respectively, p = 0.31) or per protocol (81.6% vs. 76.1% respectively, p = 0.54). Likewise, there was no difference between the two groups in terms of tolerance to treatment (59.5% for QC vs. 58% for TT, p = 0.88). No factor has been associated with treatment failure.ConclusionThere was no significant difference in the rate of HP eradication between the QC and the 14‐day triple therapy. Neither regimen should be used topically because of their low eradication rates.
Incorporating climate projections in the environmental risk assessment of pesticides in aquatic ecosystems
Authors: Oldenkamp Rik , Benestad Rasmus E. , Hader John D. , Mentzel Sophie , Nathan Rory , Madsen Anders L. , Jannicke Moe S. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Global climate change will significantly impact the biodiversity of freshwater ecosystems, both directly and indirectly via the exacerbation of impacts from other stressors. Pesticides form a prime example of chemical stressors that are expected to synergize with climate change. Aquatic exposures to pesticides might change in magnitude due to increased runoff from agricultural fields, and in composition, as application patterns will change due to changes in pest pressures and crop types. Any prospective chemical risk assessment that aims to capture the influence of climate change should properly and comprehensively account for the variabilities and uncertainties that are inherent to projections of future climate. This is only feasible if they probabilistically propagate extensive ensembles of climate model projections. However, current prospective risk assessments typically make use of process-based models of chemical fate that do not typically allow for such high-throughput applications. Here, we describe a Bayesian network model that does. It incorporates a two-step univariate regression model based on a 30-day antecedent precipitation index, circumventing the need for computationally laborious mechanistic models. We show its feasibility and application potential in a case study with two pesticides in a Norwegian stream: the fungicide trifloxystrobin and herbicide clopyralid. Our analysis showed that variations in pesticide application rates as well as precipitation intensity lead to variations in in-stream exposures. When relating to aquatic risks, the influence of these processes is reduced and distributions of risk are dominated by effect-related parameters. Predicted risks for clopyralid were negligible, but the probability of unacceptable future environmental risks due to exposure to trifloxystrobin (i.e., a risk quotient &gt;1) was 8%–12%. This percentage further increased to 30%–35% when a more conservative precautionary factor of 100 instead of 30 was used. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:384–400. © 2023 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).