bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computational fluid dynamics and artificial neural networks for modelling lined irrigation canals with low‐density polyethylene and cement concrete liners
Authors: Eltarabily Mohamed Galal , Elshaarawy Mohamed Kamel , Elkiki Mohamed , Selim Tarek 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis study numerically investigated the lining effect on the discharges and seepage losses of five reaches which belong to the El‐Sont Canal, Asyut, Egypt, using FLOW‐3D and Slide2 models, respectively. Two lining materials were considered, cement concrete (CC) and CC with low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) film. A cost analysis was performed to explore the feasibility of the proposed lining materials. Moreover, a parametric study was conducted by the Slide2 model to investigate the effect of canal geometry and liner properties on seepage losses. An artificial neural network (ANN) model was developed based on the Slide2 model scenarios to estimate the seepage losses from lined irrigation canals. The results showed that reach the discharge calculated from the FLOW‐3D model increased by 92%–97% and 149%–156%, while the calculated seepage losses from the Slide2 model decreased by 81%–87% and approximately 97% under CC and CC with LDPE film liners, respectively. Cost analysis revealed that the overall cost of CC with LDPE film was higher by 14% than CC. Relying on the importance of saving irrigation water and conveying water to the last reaches, CC with LDPE film is recommended for lining irrigation canals. A parametric study showed that the seepage losses were reduced by more than 96% when the ratio between liner and soil hydraulic conductivities was less than 0.01. A thick liner could maximally decrease the seepage losses by 68%, regardless of the canal geometry. As the developed ANN model showed a close agreement with the Slide2 results with coefficient of determination (R2) and mean squared error values of 0.99 and 0.05, respectively, the ANN model is recommended as a robust and rapid tool for estimating seepage losses from lined irrigation canals.
Adolescents' exposure to community violence and associations with after‐school activities across two samples
Authors: Alers‐Rojas Francheska , Ceballo Rosario , Cranford James A. , Esqueda Ana Patricia , Troncoso Solangel C. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIntroductionExposure to community violence (ECV) continues to be a major public health problem among urban adolescents in the United States. We sought to identify subgroups of adolescents' ECV and examine how after‐school activities are related to exposure subgroups across two samples.MethodsIn Study 1 there were 1432 adolescents (Cohort 9 n = 717, Mage = 11, and Cohort 12 n = 715, Mage = 14; 52% boys) from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (1994–2002). Study 2 had a more recent sample of 537 adolescents (Mage = 16 years; 54% girls) from the After‐School Activity Study (ASAS; 2015–2017) in Chicago and Detroit.ResultsExploratory latent class analyses yielded a three‐class solution for Study 1: a “No ECV” class (44%); a “Low ECV” class (36%); and a “High Exposure” class (14%). In Study 2, a four‐class solution was the best fit with a “No ECV” class (33%), a “Moderate Witness/Low Victim” class (36%), a “High Witness/Moderate Victim” class (19%), and a “High ECV” class (11%). Home‐based activities appeared to be protective against high ECV for adolescents in Study 2. School‐based activities were associated with higher ECV across both samples, but community‐based activities were only associated with greater violence exposure in Study 1. Adolescents' unstructured socializing in both studies was associated with higher odds of ECV.ConclusionsResults indicate that subgroups of adolescents can be identified based on ECV and highlight the complexity of after‐school activities as risk and protective factors in both past and more recent contexts.
Comparison of the antimicrobial photocatalytic activities of SiO2 and Au@SiO2 nanostructures in water decontamination
Authors: Alizadeh Mahsa , Dorranian Davoud , Sari Amir Hossein 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPhotocatalytic disinfection of Escherichia coli suspension by silicon dioxide nanoparticles and silicon dioxide/gold nanocomposite in a batch reactor is investigated experimentally and results are compared. Silica nanoparticles were synthesized by Stöber method and pulsed laser ablation method was employed to prepare gold nanoparticles in distilled water. Composition of two nanoparticles species was carried out, using the second harmonic pulse of Nd:YAG laser, whose wavelength is in the absorption spectra of gold nanoparticles. Results confirm a decrease in the bandgap energy of silica nanoparticles after composition. Escherichia coli were selected as an indicator of the microbial water contamination. Disk diffusion method was used to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of SiO2 and Au@SiO2 nanostructures. Photocatalytic activities of both nanostructures were examined in dark, and under the irradiation of UV and visible light. In all conditions, the performance of Au@SiO2 nanocomposites was higher than SiO2 nanoparticles. In dark condition the higher biocidal nature and activity of Au nanoparticles and for the case of UV radiation, decreasing the bandgap energy and recombination rate of SiO2 nanoparticles after composition with Au increased the efficiency. For the case of visible light radiation, surface plasmon resonances effects, and local heat of Au nanoparticles were responsible for increasing the efficiency.Research Highlights
Doping large bandgap semiconductors nanostructures, such as silica with metal nanoparticles, such as gold will improve their photocatalytic activity to work in visible light.
In this mechanism, gold nanoparticles act as effective traps to prevent the recombination of photogenerated electron–hole pairs.
Other mechanisms, such as Schottky barrier formation, surface plasmon resonance absorption of gold nanoparticles, and biocidal nature of the gold nanoparticles are effective in increasing the efficiency of Au doped silica nanostructures.
Diapause‐induced shift in the content of major carbohydrates in Chilo partellus (Swinhoe)
Authors: Sau Ashok K. , Dhillon Mukesh K. , Tanwar Aditya K. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAlthough several aspects like diapause determining factors, population structure, reproductive physiology, and genetics of diapause have been investigated, there is no clarity on carbohydrate energetics during larval diapause in Chilo partellus (Swinhoe). Present studies revealed significant variation between the nondiapausing and diapausing C. partellus for total carbohydrates, glycogen, sorbitol, and trehalose contents in different body parts, life stages, and for body parts × life stages interaction. Total carbohydrate content started declining, while sorbitol and trehalose increased in all the body parts as the C. partellus larvae progressed from prediapausing to diapausing state. However, glycogen content spiked in all the body parts at prediapausing stage, which then declined during diapause. Among the body parts, total carbohydrate content was significantly greater in the hemolymph as compared to other body parts of both larvae and pupae of C. partellus. Glycogen content was significantly greater in the larval fat bodies and pupal hemolymph as compared to their other body parts. In diapausing larvae, sorbitol and trehalose were greater in the integument than in other body parts. Furthermore, there was spike in trehalose and decrease in sorbitol in all the body parts of pupae from diapausing than those from nondiapausing larvae. These findings suggest that the diapause alterate and/or fluctuate major carbohydrates in different body parts of both larvae and pupae of C. partellus. This information will be helpful in better understanding the diapause energetics and overwintering metabolic cryoprotection in insects.
Disseminated histoplasmosis in an HIV/AIDS transgender male‐to‐female with atypical and persistent GI manifestations
Authors: Yee Aaron C , Huang Sarah , Singh Ranbir , Rizzi Dean , Shama Naureen , Khoury Neil , Weisberg Ilan S 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDisseminated histoplasmosis is a rare complication of infection due to Histoplasma capsulatum. Typically, histoplasmosis is self‐limiting and asymptomatic in infected individuals with immunocompetence. Disseminated disease, however, can arise in high‐risk populations with primary or acquired cellular immunodeficiency including HIV/AIDS, transplant recipients, and those undergoing immunosuppressive therapy. Here we describe a unique case of extrapulmonary gastrointestinal histoplasmosis by infiltrative Peyer's patch disease with bone marrow involvement in a transgender HIV‐infected woman.
One‐pot green synthesis, study of fluorescence properties, and biological activity of pyrano[3,2‐c]chromenes derivatives via mesoporous materialsMgO/SBA‐15
Authors: Chelihi Ahmed , Hassaine Ridha , Nachat Souad , Benabdallah Mohammed , Bendahou Karima , Aissaoui Mohammed , Saidj Merzouk , Djafri Ahmed , Boukenna Leïla , Bouchama Abdelghani , Choukchou‐Braham Noureddine , Taibi Nadia 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis current work describes the preparation of MgO‐SBA‐15 catalysts by ultrasonic method, and it is characterized by the different analysis techniques of XRD, BET, SEM, and IRTF. In order to find out an application for this mesoporous material, MgO/SBA‐15 was used as a heterogeneous catalyst in the one‐pot synthesis of pyrano[3,2‐c]chromenes derivatives isolated at room temperature reaction according to green chemistry criteria. To enhance these derivatives, a spectroscopic study of molecular fluorescence properties was carried out as well as an identification analysis by nuclear magnetic resonance and FTIR was used. Furthermore, biological activity experiment is also carried out, from where the obtained test results were satisfactory forAC09,AC05, andAC10compounds and they are checked after computation by molecular modeling.
Establishing a consumer advisory group at the Australian Bragg Centre for Proton Therapy and Research
Authors: Penfold Melanie , Gorayski Peter , Green Julia , Skelton Kelly 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe Australian Bragg Centre for Proton Therapy and Research (ABCPTR) established the Bragg Consumer Advisory Group (BCAG) in 2023. The ABCPTR, being the first of its kind in Australia, will offer proton therapy treatment for challenging solid tumours with the potential to reduce radiation‐induced side effects. With over 110 Proton Beam Therapy (PBT) centres globally, Australian patients currently can apply to access government funded treatment overseas, however, international travel for treatment presents various, significant challenges. Consumer engagement in healthcare plays a pivotal role in navigating the multifaceted journey of cancer treatment and can complement cancer control strategies by ensuring the practicalities of the cancer journey are realised. The ABCPTR aims to involve consumers in decision‐making processes, especially as it prepares to open Australia's first national proton therapy centre. The aim of this commentary is to highlight the importance of involving consumers in cancer care, and to demonstrate how this was done in Australia's first proton therapy centre. To establish a consumer engagement team, ABCPTR utilised existing clinical staff. The team's formation and upskilling were integral to the project's success. The engagement framework was developed based on the five stages of commitment by the Australian Health Research Alliance and Western Australian Health Translation Network. The ABCPTR consumer engagement team successfully created a community engagement framework and upskilled in consumer engagement principles over 9–12 months. An Expression of Interest (EOI) was launched, resulting in the formation of the BCAG comprising of 10 members with diverse backgrounds and experiences. The BCAG has been actively involved in decision‐making processes, with a consumer‐led chair and co‐chair in place. The group's feedback is expected to influence key performance indicators for the centre. The establishment of the BCAG at the ABCPTR emphasises the importance of integrating patient and community perspectives into clinical initiatives. This proactive approach ensures that processes remain patient‐centred. The ongoing multi‐level consumer engagement strategy aims to shape a more inclusive approach to cancer care in Australia, especially concerning PBT.
The impact of integrating behavioral health services into pediatric subspecialty care: A systematic review
Authors: Sayegh Caitlin S. , Chavannes Mallory , Moss Ilana K. , Featherstone Robert E. , Urquiza Isabel 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPediatric gastroenterology patients are at risk for co‐occurring behavioral health concerns, such as depression and anxiety, compared with youth without medical conditions. The objective of this systematic review was to assess the scientific literature supporting the hypothesis that integrating behavioral health services into gastroenterology clinics could improve patient psychosocial well‐being. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and CINAHL databases and gray literature to identify studies reporting the impact of behavioral health integration on the psychosocial well‐being of pediatric gastroenterology patients. Two independent coders evaluated each study for inclusion and extracted data regarding patient demographics, study design, behavioral health integration approaches, and psychosocial outcomes. Results were synthesized using narrative review procedures. Eighteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Most reported outcomes from research grant‐funded randomized controlled trials or open trials investigating behavioral health interventions based on Cognitive‐Behavioral Therapy, primarily with youth with irritable bowel disease or functional gastrointestinal disorders. Within the highest‐quality, comparable studies, nearly 80% reported at least one statistically significant treatment effect on patient psychosocial well‐being. Many studies used rigorous methods that minimize bias, but did not provide models for sustainable, programmatic behavioral health integration outside the bounds of a research study. The studies included in this review suggest that behavioral integration could have the potential to positively impact gastroenterology patients' psychosocial functioning. However, more research is needed to investigate the appropriate intensity of behavioral health services and evaluate models for integrating behavioral healthcare in pediatric gastroenterology settings beyond the research‐funded clinical trial context.
Precision nutrition in pediatric IBD: A position paper from the ESPGHAN special interest group for basic science and translational research, the IBD Porto group, and allied health professionals
Authors: Gerasimidis Konstantinos , Russell Richard K. , Giachero Federica , Gkikas Konstantinos , Tel Balint , Assa Amit , Bronsky Jiri , de Ridder Lissy , Hojsak Iva , Jenke Andreas , Norsa Lorenzo , Sigall‐Boneh Rotem , Sila Sara , Wine Eytan , Zilbauer Matthias , Strisciuglio Caterina , Gasparetto Marco ,   ESPGHAN Special Interest Group in Basic and Translational Research; the ESPGHAN IBD Porto Working Group; the ESPGHAN Allied Health Professionals
Published: December 2023

AbstractStratified and precision nutrition refers to disease management or prevention of disease onset, based on dietary interventions tailored to a person's characteristics, biology, gut microbiome, and environmental exposures. Such treatment models may lead to more effective management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and reduce risk of disease development. This societal position paper aimed to report advances made in stratified and precision nutritional therapy in IBD. Following a structured literature search, limited to human studies, we identified four relevant themes: (a) nutritional epidemiology for risk prediction of IBD development, (b) food‐based dietary interventions in IBD, (c) exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) for Crohn's disease (CD) management, and (d) pre‐ and probiotics for IBD management. There is scarce literature upon which we can make recommendations for precision or stratified dietary therapy for IBD, both for risk of disease development and disease management. Certain single‐nucleotide polymorphisms related to polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) metabolism may modify the effect dietary PUFA have in increasing the risk of IBD development. Non‐colonic CD, mild‐to‐moderate CD, and high microbiota richness may predict success of EEN and may be used both for prediction of treatment continuation, but also for early cessation in nonresponders. There is currently insufficient evidence to make recommendations for precision or stratified dietary therapy for patients with established IBD. Despite the great interest in stratified and precision nutrition, we currently lack data to support conclusive recommendations. Replication of early findings by independent research groups and within structured clinical interventions is required.
Utilization of older deceased donors for pediatric liver transplant may negatively impact long‐term survival
Authors: Kulkarni Sakil S. , Vachharajani Neeta A. , Hill Angela L. , Kiani Amen Z. , Stoll Janis M. , Nadler Michelle L. , Chapman William C. , Doyle Maria M. , Khan Adeel S. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundMultiple adult studies have investigated the role of older donors (ODs) in expanding the donor pool. However, the impact of donor age on pediatric liver transplantation (LT) has not been fully elucidated.MethodsUNOS database was used to identify pediatric (≤18 years) LTs performed in the United States during 2002–22. Donors ≥40 years at donation were classified as older donors (ODs). Propensity analysis was performed with 1:1 matching for potentially confounding variables.ResultsA total of 10,024 pediatric liver transplantation (PLT) patients met inclusion criteria; 669 received liver grafts from ODs. Candidates receiving OD liver grafts were more likely to be transplanted for acute liver failure, have higher Model End‐Stage Liver Disease/Pediatric End‐Stage Liver Disease (MELD/PELD) scores at LT, listed as Status 1/1A at LT, and be in the intensive care unit (ICU) at time of LT (all p < 0.001). Kaplan–Meier (KM) analyses showed that recipients of OD grafts had worse patient and graft survival (p < 0.001) compared to recipients of younger donor (YD) grafts. KM analyses performed on candidates matched for acuity at LT revealed inferior patient and graft survival in recipients of deceased donor grafts (p < 0.001), but not living donor grafts (p > 0.1) from ODs. Cox regression analysis demonstrated that living donor LT, diagnosis of biliary atresia and first liver transplant were favorable predictors of recipient outcomes, whereas ICU stay before LT and transplantation during 2002–12 were unfavorable.ConclusionLivers from ODs were used for candidates with higher acuity. Pediatric recipients of livers from ODs had worse outcome compared to YDs; however, living donor LT from ODs had the least negative impact on recipient outcomes.
Accurate assessment of macronutrients and micro‐elements of ten newly developed green gram (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) cultivars grown in Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Sudhakaran Sumi Mekkara Nikarthil , Mathew Shreyas Elma , Shakappa Devindra 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundGreen gram is a rich source of protein, carbohydrates, dietary fibre, and minerals. However, accurate data on the nutritional composition of green gram remains scarce since most researchers reported the carbohydrate content using the ‘by difference method’. The objective of the current study is to accurately estimate the nutritional and mineral composition of green gram (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek).ResultsTen newly developed varieties and three local varieties of green gram were subjected to proximate and mineral composition analysis. The green gram varieties differed significantly (P < 0.05) for proximate and mineral content. From the results, they contain 62.5 to 84.6 g/kg of moisture, 28.3–37.4 g/kg of ash, 21.9–3.08 g/kg of fat, 484.6–535.7 g/kg of carbohydrate, 228.7–277.6 g/kg of protein, and 118.3–157.9 g/kg of dietary fibre. The most abundant mineral found was phosphorus, ranging 2716.66–4473.49 mg/kg followed by 3183.31–3597.61 mg/kg of potassium, 1506.51–1713.93 mg/kg of magnesium, 166.38–340.62 mg/kg of calcium, 40.16–348.79 mg/kg of iron, 27.60–34.35 mg/kg of zinc, 5.95–12.86 mg/kg of copper and 8.65–19.47 mg/kg of manganese.ConclusionThe newly developed varieties of green gram showed high protein and dietary fibre content, while the local varieties were high in calcium and iron. Hence, both types of varieties are nutritionally significant. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Assessing National Trends and Perceived Safety of Off‐Label Ciprofloxacin‐Dexamethasone Use by Pediatric Otolaryngologists
Authors: Shah Hemali P. , Shah Rema , Lockwood Donovan , Yang Nan , Rohrbaugh Tagan , Rutter Michael J. , Maurrasse Sarah E. 
Published: December 2023

ObjectivesOff‐label use of Ciprodex® (ciprofloxacin‐dexamethasone: CPD), an antibiotic‐steroid combination solution, in the airway has been reported by pediatric otolaryngologists with anecdotal success. We examined national trends regarding off‐label CPD use including prevalence, common indications, prescriber patterns, adverse events, and accessibility.Methods15‐item cross‐sectional survey was distributed to American Society of Pediatric Otolaryngology members from January–April 2022. Univariate analyses were performed to compare responses for users of off‐label CPD versus non‐users. Ease of access was compared across geographies and practice types using multivariate logistic regressions.ResultsOf the 163 complete responses (26.6% response rate), 156 (95.7%) reported using off‐label CPD. Most common indications for off‐label CPD were tracheal granulation (87.8%, n = 137) and choanal atresia (82.1%, n = 128). Ease of access was significantly increased in the Midwest (OR:18.79, 95%CI:3.63–1.24, p = 0.001) and West (OR:29.92, 95%CI:3.55–682.00, p = 0.006). Ease of access was significantly lower at tertiary referral centers (OR:0.11, 95%CI:0.01–0.64, p = 0.041) and private practices (OR:0.04, 95%CI:0.002–0.33, p = 0.009) compared to academic free‐standing children's hospitals. Two‐thirds of respondents reported feeling “Very Comfortable” with the safety profile of off‐label CPD; 99.4% (n = 156) felt that the benefits outweighed the risks of off‐label use. Seven respondents (4.5%) reported adverse events (e.g., local allergic reaction, cushingoid symptoms) from off‐label use.ConclusionsOur findings (26.6% response rate) suggest that off‐label CPD is commonly used by pediatric otolaryngologists, many of whom reported feeling that the benefits of off‐label CPD outweigh the risks. Our results establish a baseline for future efforts to assess the efficacy and safety of off‐label CPD and to improve its accessibility.Level of EvidenceV Laryngoscope, 134:2922–2930, 2024