bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Response of normal female human osteoblasts (NHOst) to 17β‐estradiol is modulated by implant surface morphology
Authors: Lohmann C. H. , Tandy E. M. , Sylvia V. L. , Hell‐Vocke A. K. , Cochran D. L. , Dean D. D. , Boyan B. D. , Schwartz Z. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractTitanium (Ti) surfaces with rough microtopographies enhance osteogenic differentiation, local factor production, and response to osteogenic agents in vitro and increase pullout strength of dental implants in vivo. Estrogens regulate bone formation, resorption, and remodeling in females and may be important in implant success. Here, we tested the hypothesis that estrogen modulates osteoblast response to implant surface morphology. Primary female human osteoblasts were cultured to confluence on three Ti surfaces (pretreatment, PT ‐ Ra 0.60 μm; sandblasted and acid‐etched, SLA ‐ Ra 3.97 μm; and Ti plasma‐sprayed, TPS ‐ Ra 5.21 μm) and treated for 24 h with 10−7 or 10−8 M 17β‐estradiol (E2). Cell number decreased with increasing surface roughness, but was not sensitive to E2. Alkaline phosphatase specific activity of isolated cells and cell layer lysates was lower on rough surfaces. E2 increased both parameters on smooth surfaces, whereas on rough surfaces, the stimulatory effect of E2 on alkaline phosphatase was evident only when measuring cell layer lysates. Osteocalcin levels were higher in the conditioned media of cells grown on rough surfaces; E2 had no effect in cultures on the plastic surfaces, but increased osteocalcin production on all Ti surfaces. TGF‐β1 and PGE2 production was increased on rough surfaces, and E2 augmented this effect in a synergistic manner; on smooth surfaces, there was no change in production with E2. The response of osteoblasts to surface topography was modulated by E2. On smooth surfaces, E2 affected only alkaline phosphatase, but on rough surfaces, E2 increased levels of osteocalcin, TGF‐β1, and PGE2. These results show that normal adult human female osteoblasts are sensitive to surface microtopography and that E2 can alter this response. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 62: 204–213, 2002
Xenobiotic export pumps, endothelin signaling, and tubular nephrotoxicants—a case of molecular hijacking
Authors: Miller David S. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis article is a review on recent studies in intact renal proximal tubules that link tubular nephrotoxicants with endothelin (ET) regulation of xenobiotic export pump function. The data show that transport on p‐glycoprotein and Mrp2 decreases rapidly when ET signals through an ETB receptor, NO synthase (NOS), and protein kinase C (PKC). Surprisingly, nephrotoxicants, such as radiocontrast agents, aminoglycoside antibiotics, and heavy metal salts, “hijack” this signaling pathway, causing ET release from the tubules, hormone binding to its receptor, activation of NOS and PKC, and reduced xenobiotic transport. These findings suggest a new common mechanism by which nephrotoxicants may act to disrupt renal tubular function. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 16:121–127, 2002. DOI 10.1002/jbt.10030
High levels of MMP‐1 expression in the absence of the 2G single nucleotide polymorphism is mediated by p38 and ERK1/2 mitogen‐activated protein kinases in VMM5 melanoma cells
Authors: Benbow Ulrike , Tower Grant B. , Wyatt Colby A. , Buttice Giovanna , Brinckerhoff Constance E. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractMatrix metalloproteinase‐1 (MMP‐1) is one of only a few enzymes with the ability to degrade the stromal collagens (types I and III) at neutral pH, and high expression of MMP‐1 has been associated with aggressive and invasive cancers. We recently reported a single nucleotide insertion/deletion polymorphism (SNP) in the collagenase‐1 (MMP‐1) promoter (Rutter et al. [1998] Can. Res. 58:5321–5325), where the insertion of an extra guanine (G) at −1607 bp creates the sequence, 5′‐GGAA‐3 (2G allele), compared to the sequence 5′‐GAA‐3′ (1G allele). The presence of 2G constitutes a binding site for the ETS family of transcription factors, and increases MMP‐1 transcription in fibroblasts and A2058 melanoma cells cultured in vitro. In addition, the presence of the 2G allele has been linked to several aggressive malignancies as well as to enhanced expression of MMP‐1. In this study, we describe a melanoma cell line, VMM5, that is 1G homozygous, but that is invasive and expresses high levels of MMP‐1 constitutively. The high level of MMP‐1 expression in VMM5 cells is due to the utilization of both the p38 and ERK1/2 transduction pathways. In contrast, in the A2058 cell line, which also expresses MMP‐1 constitutively and which is 2G homozygous, only the ERK pathway is activated. Thus, our data suggest that in the absence of 2G allele and in the presence of the appropriate transcription factors, tumor cells may use alternative signal/transduction pathways and cis‐acting sequences to achieve high levels of MMP‐1 expression, which contribute to the ability of tumor cells to invade, regardless of their genotype. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mechanism for large first hyperpolarizabilities of phosphonic acid stilbene derivatives
Authors: Calaminici Patrizia , Jug Karl , Köster Andreas M. , Arbez‐Gindre Cécile , Screttas Constantinos G. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis paper presents calculations of dipole moments (μ), static polarizabilities (α), and first hyperpolarizabilities (β) of phosphonic acid stilbene derivatives calculated in the framework of density functional theory. These calculations were performed using a finite field approach implemented in the density functional program ALLCHEM and were of an all‐electron type using local exchange‐correlation functional and specially designed basis sets. The molecular structures have been fully optimized using the semiempirical program MSINDO. Some of the investigated stilbenes have been synthesized very recently while others are described for the first time. Donor and acceptor groups of these analogues have been modified and the influence of these changes on the first hyperpolarizabilities has been investigated. This work demonstrates that the nonlinear optical response β of these compounds increases dramatically when the acceptor moiety is displaced by analogues containing alkali metal groups. A general mechanism for the design of novel nonlinear optical materials with large first hyperpolarizabilities is described. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 23: 291–297, 2002
New space warping method for the simulation of large‐scale macromolecular conformational changes
Authors: Jaqaman Khuloud , Ortoleva Peter J. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA space warping method, facilitating the modeling of large‐scale conformational changes in mesoscopic systems, is presented. The method uses a set of “global (or collective) coordinates” that capture overall behavior, in conjunction with the set of atomic coordinates. Application of the space warping method to energy minimization is discussed. Several simulations where the method is used to determine the energy minimizing structures of simple central force systems are analyzed. Comparing the results and behavior of the space warping method to simulations involving atomic coordinates only, it is found that the space warping method scales better with system size and also finds lower minima when the potential energy surface has multiple minima. It is shown that the transformation of [Ala16]+ in vacuo from linear to globular is captured efficiently using the space warping method. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 23: 484–491, 2002; DOI 10.1002/jcc.10040
EUDOC: a computer program for identification of drug interaction sites in macromolecules and drug leads from chemical databases
Authors: Pang Yuan‐Ping , Perola Emanuele , Xu Kun , Prendergast Franklyn G. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe completion of the Human Genome Project, the growing effort on proteomics, and the Structural Genomics Initiative have recently intensified the attention being paid to reliable computer docking programs able to identify molecules that can affect the function of a macromolecule through molecular complexation. We report herein an automated computer docking program, EUDOC, for prediction of ligand–receptor complexes from 3D receptor structures, including metalloproteins, and for identification of a subset enriched in drug leads from chemical databases. This program was evaluated from the standpoints of force field and sampling issues using 154 experimentally determined ligand–receptor complexes and four “real‐life” applications of the EUDOC program. The results provide evidence for the reliability and accuracy of the EUDOC program. In addition, key principles underlying molecular recognition, and the effects of structural water molecules in the active site and different atomic charge models on docking results are discussed. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Comput Chem 22: 1750–1771, 2001
Conformational analysis of the HIV‐1 virus reverse transcriptase nonnucleoside inhibitors: TIBO and nevirapine
Authors: Abrahão‐Júnior Odonírio , Nascimento Paulo G. B. D. , Galembeck Sérgio E. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractTIBO (Tetrahydro‐imidazo[4,5,1‐jk][1,4]‐benzodiazepin‐2‐one) and nevirapine (11‐cyclopropyl‐5,11‐dihydro‐4‐methyl‐6H‐dipyrido[3,2‐b:2′,3′‐e][1,4]diazepin‐6‐one) are models for two classes of nonnucleoside inhibitors of the HIV‐1 virus reverse transcriptase (NNRTI). This work presents the parameterization of compounds belonging to these two classes in the Cornell et al. force field through ab initio and semiempirical methods. The new parameters were used in the conformational analysis for TIBO R82913, TIBO R79882, and nevirapine. Various conformational search protocols were tested and the pseudosystematic method SUMM led to the best results. A better understanding of the distribution of conformers was obtained through clustering techniques in the data reduction stages. It was possible to reproduce various experimental data such as the crystallographic structures of the isolated or reverse transcriptase‐complexed (RT) molecules. The proton–proton coupling constants (\documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$\,J^{3}_{\mathrm{HH}}$\end{document}) obtained for TIBO through NMR were also reproduced. Cremer and Pople puckering parameters enabled a precise description of both the conformation of the seven‐membered rings and the relative position of the substituents on them. These parameters also demonstrated the efficiency and precision of the two‐stage clustering method. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Comput Chem 22: 1817–1829, 2001
Rekindling the discourse: Organization studies in community psychology
Authors: Boyd Neil M. , Angelique Holly 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe dual aims of this article are to examine the research on organizations within community psychology and to explore the discourse around organization studies within the field. To that end, we turn to two questions first posed by Keys and Frank: “What does community psychology contribute to the study of organizations?” and “What does the study of organizations contribute to community psychology?” Through a content analysis of all organizational studies published in the American Journal of Community Psychology and Journal of Community Psychology from 1977 through the end of 2000, we found that organization constructs and theories are not widely utilized by community psychologists. When community psychologists did explore organizational issues the focus was on community psychology tenets such as social support, empowerment, stress and coping, and sense of community within organization contexts. The use of organization theory was found to be almost nonexistent. Although a bridge between the two fields is tentative at this point, we argue for a strengthening of the relationship between the fields. Community psychology can offer a focus on the well‐being of people via conceptualization of the tenets of community psychology in organizational contexts. The organization studies literature can aid the community psychologist with its more recent focus on worker‐oriented approaches, and with the macrooriented theory base of the field. Suggestions are offered to expand the boundaries of both fields. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Two studies of proximal outcomes and implementation quality of universal preventive interventions in a community–university collaboration context
Authors: Spoth Richard , Guyll Max , Trudeau Linda , Goldberg‐Lillehoj Catherine 
Published: October 2002

AbstractHere we present the results from two longitudinal studies of competency‐training interventions that entailed community–university collaboration intended to enhance implementation quality. In Study 1, 22 rural schools were randomly assigned to a family‐focused intervention or a minimal contact control group. In Study 2, 36 rural schools were randomly assigned to a family‐focused preventive intervention combined with a school‐based intervention, the school‐based intervention alone, or a minimal contact control group. In both studies, observers rated adherence to intervention protocols. Results showed that, on average, high levels of observer‐rated adherence were attained in both studies. Analyses of the relationship between observer‐rated adherence scores and proximal outcomes showed limited evidence of poorer outcomes associated with lower‐adherence groups. Overall, findings highlight the benefits of community–university collaboration intended to facilitate high levels of intervention adherence. The need for a framework guiding a collaborative implementation research agenda is discussed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Role of Doppler sonography in the diagnosis of cystic lymphangioma of the scrotum
Authors: Loberant Norman , Chernihovski Anna , Goldfeld Moshe , Sweed Yehiel , Vais Michael , Tzilman Boris , Cohen Isaac 
Published: October 2002

AbstractCystic lymphangioma is a congenital lymphatic malformation that is a rare cause of extratesticular scrotal masses in children; it is frequently misdiagnosed preoperatively. Complete excision is curative, but recurrence may result from incomplete excision. We report a case of cystic lymphangioma of the scrotum in a 3‐year‐old boy, which had been previously diagnosed as a hydrocele. Gray‐scale sonography showed a multicystic extratesticular lesion; color Doppler sonography further characterized the lesion by showing blood flow within the septa. CT scanning ruled out extrascrotal involvement. The cystic mass was surgically resected. The appearance of the lesion both macroscopically and microscopically was consistent with a diagnosis of cystic lymphangioma. The child recovered uneventfully and was discharged on the third day after surgery; no evidence of recurrence was found in 6 months of follow‐up. In such cases of scrotal masses in children, gray‐scale and color Doppler sonography, followed by CT or MRI, are useful in diagnosing cystic lymphangioma, differentiating it from other lesions, and defining its extent, thus allowing proper surgical planning. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 30:384–387, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI: 10.1002/jcu.10080
Adenovirus mediated gene transfer to skeletal muscle
Authors: Cao Baohong , Mytinger John R. , Huard Johnny 
Published: October 2002

AbstractTransfer of therapeutic genes into muscle tissue has promise for the treatment of a variety of muscular dystrophies. Various vectors have been used to deliver genes to skeletal muscle but their application has faced several major limitations including: (1) the lack of transgene persistence caused by the immune rejection of transduced myofibers and/or vector toxicity, and (2) the maturation dependence of viral transduction. While the immunorejection and/or cytotoxic problems are being overcome with the development of new vectors, maturation‐dependent viral transduction is still a major hurdle in gene transfer to skeletal muscle. Poor adenoviral transduction in mature myofibers has been attributed to: (1) the extracellular matrix of mature myofibers may form a physical barrier and prevent the passage of large viral particles; (2) viral receptors are down‐regulated with muscle maturation; and (3) loss of myoblasts with muscle maturation, which serve as intermediaries in the viral transduction. In this review, we will focus on recent developments in overcoming those hurdles of gene therapy in skeletal muscle, especially to adenovirus (Ad), including: (1) new mutant vectors lacking all viral genes to decrease immunogenicity, and hence, improve persistence of transgene expression in muscle in vivo; (2) using tissue specific promoters to evade immunorejection; (3) permeabilization of the extracellular matrix; (4) modifying the viral receptors in mature myofibers; and (5) myoblast or muscle stem cell mediated ex vivo gene transfer. Microsc. Res. Tech. 58:45–51, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Donor cell survival and repopulation after intraarticular transplantation of tendon and ligament allografts
Authors: Jackson Douglas W. , Simon Timothy M. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe specific cells within ligaments and tendons are important to maintain the unique structural and material properties of these tissues. The use of tendon and ligament allografts with living cells for ligament reconstruction would be desirable assuming that these cells would survive after transplantation and continue to function. We assessed the fate of donor cells in fresh allografts of the patellar and anterior cruciate ligaments after transplantation. The cells in these allografts used to reconstruct the anterior cruciate ligament did not survive. This was demonstrated using a DNA probe technique that clearly distinguished donor cells from host cells in the Spanish goat model. The donor cells were replaced by host cells in a rapid manner. The host cells that repopulated the allografts assumed the histologic similarity to the fibroblasts they replace. Simultaneous full‐thickness skin transplants in the same animals were not rejected during the interval of rapid loss of donor DNA from the allografts. The absence of rejection of the skin grafts at the one‐week interval suggests that no pre‐existing antibody associated with an immune reaction was responsible for the rapid loss of DNA in the allografts. The clinical basis for utilizing intra‐articular allografts with living donor cells needs further justification to account for their increased expense, more complicated surgical logistics, and higher potential risk of disease transmission. Microsc. Res. Tech. 58:25–33, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Glutamatergic innervation in bone
Authors: Chenu Chantal 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBone is highly innervated, and evidence for a regulation of bone metabolism by nerve fibers has been suggested by many clinical and experimental studies. However, the nature of the neuromediators involved in these processes has not been well documented. Glutamate (Glu), a major neuromediator of the central nervous system (CNS), was recently identified in nerve fibers running in bone marrow in close contact with bone cells, suggesting that Glu may also act as a neuromediator in this tissue. During the last few years, all the machinery required for glutamate signalling in the CNS was demonstrated in bone. Osteoblasts and osteoclasts express ionotropic Glu receptors (iGluR) (NMDA, AMPA, and Kainate) and metabotropic Glu receptors (mGluR) as well as Glu transporters. Electrophysiological studies have demonstrated that NMDA receptors (NMDAR) and mGluR are functional on bone cells. NMDAR are involved in osteoclast formation and bone resorption and preliminary studies suggest that they may also participate in mechanisms underlying osteoblast proliferation or differentiation, providing evidence for a direct action of Glu on bone cells. The bone loss induced in a model of sciatic neurectomy in growing rats is associated with a decrease of glutamatergic innervation, suggesting that Glu released by nerve fibers may contribute to the regulation of bone remodeling. The manipulation of Glu action in bone may, therefore, represent a new therapeutic target for pathologies associated with modifications of bone remodeling. Microsc. Res. Tech. 58:70–76, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular cloning and immunohistochemical localization of ubiquitin C‐Terminal hydrolase expressed in testis of a teleost, the Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus
Authors: Mochida Kazuhiko , Matsubara Takahiro , Kudo Hideaki , Andoh Tadashi , Ueda Hiroshi , Adachi Shinji , Yamauchi Kohei 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe previously produced four monoclonal antibodies to testicular proteins of a teleost, the Nile tilapia. One of the monoclonal antibodies, TAT(Testicular Antigen of Tilapia)‐10, recognizes a Mr=27,000 protein (27 kD protein), which is present in A and early B type spermatogonia, spermatids, and spermatozoa in testis. In order to clarify the function of this protein, molecular cloning was conducted. The cDNA for the 27 kD protein contains a complete open reading frame encoding 220 amino acid residues. The predicted amino acid sequence of the 27 kD protein was homologous to those of the ubiquitin carboxy‐terminal hydrolases (UCH) reported in mammals. The measurement of the ubiquitin‐releasing activity of the recombinant 27 kD protein revealed that the protein is the active form of UCH. Northern blot analysis showed that the UCH mRNA was expressed in ovary and brain in addition to the testis. Immunohistochemical study showed that, in brain, UCH was localized especially on the olfactory organ including the olfactory bulb and olfactory epithelium in olfactory rosetta, suggesting the involvement of the protein in chemoreceptive function. In the Tilapia ovary, UCH localized especially in pre‐vitellogenic oocytes, suggesting that the enzyme activity could be important in oocyte growth. This is the first report for the cDNA cloning and cellular localization of UCH in fish. J. Exp. Zool. 293:368–383, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Optimization and direct comparison of the dimerizer and reverse tet transcriptional control systems
Authors: Go William Y. , Ho Steffan N. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBackgroundExogenously controlled gene expression systems are essential for both the in vivo analysis of gene function and the regulated delivery of therapeutic gene products. However, differences in experimental methods used to characterize the various systems prohibit informative comparisons. The purpose of this study was to identify an optimal system for regulated gene expression studies through a rigorous direct comparison of the dimerizer and the reverse tet transactivator (rtTA) transcriptional switch systems.MethodsAn optimized bicistronic rapamycin‐dependent dimerizer construct and an optimized rtTA construct (based on rtTAs‐M2) were developed that utilize a chimeric mammalian activation domain with a flexible interdomain linker. These constructs were reconstituted in identical eukaryotic expression vectors and compared in transient transfection assays employing target gene reporter constructs that differ only in the relevant DNA binding sites.ResultsThe optimized rtTAs‐M2 construct, designated rtTAM2.2, exhibited a twofold increase in the magnitude of doxycycline‐dependent reporter gene induction and an eightfold increase in sensitivity as compared to the rtTAs‐M2 construct. This correlated with a significantly higher level of expression of the rtTAM2.2 protein. In direct comparisons the rtTAM2.2 system mediated inducible expression to a level tenfold greater than the bicistronic dimerizer system. However, while the dimerizer system exhibited no detectable rapamycin‐independent expression, a low level of doxycycline‐independent target gene expression was detectable.ConclusionsThe improved rtTAM2.2 rtTA system described here may prove optimal when the overall magnitude of target gene induction is critical, while the dimerizer system may be advantageous when the complete absence of ligand‐independent target gene expression is essential. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.