bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementation of a Nutrition Education Program in Primary Schools in an Area with Patrimonial Poverty in Monterrey, Mexico
Authors: Saltijeral Luanda 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveTo implement an educational intervention program for the promotion of healthy lifestyles through the improvement of nutrition practices in children of primary schools in an area with patrimonial poverty in Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico.Method, Participants & InterventionThe implementation was carried out during 2015 in 6 primary schools with 1450 children and 316 parents through the following activities: a) 9 school workshops, b) 5 workshops for parents and school community, c) children's clubs for a healthy lifestyle and d) evaluation of the nutritional status (weight and height) of 820 students.ResultsA pre and post intervention assessment was performed, using a Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices survey (KAP). The data analysis was descriptive.We found a 3.5% higher prevalence for obesity in children participating when comparing with the prevalence reported at state level; however, a decrease in the daily consumption of two or more sugar‐sweetened beverages at school was found (51% vs. 9%). The consumption of two or more fresh vegetables a day increased from 27% to 47% after the intervention and the consumption of foods with high energy density decreased from 48% to 40%. Additionally, 5 children's clubs for a healthy lifestyle were formed and activities in favor of healthier school environments were carried out by each one.ConclusionsThe intervention resulted in improved nutrition‐related knowledge in children participating in the program, and therefore, better tools that allow them to select healthier foods and to be transmitters of information to their families.Support or Funding InformationFEMSA Foundation & Save The Children
Sleep Duration and Consumption of Dietary Carbohydrate‐rich Food in Relation to Obesity according to Menopausal Status in Korean Women
Authors: Kang Bori , Doo Miae , Kim Yangha 
Published: November 2023

We previously reported that women with short sleep (≤6 hours/day) duration consumed higher levels of dietary carbohydrate and showed increased odds of being obese compared with men. However, the cause of these differences was not clear. Using a cross‐sectional study of 17,841 Korean women over the age of 19 years, we studied the influence of sleep duration on obesity‐related variables and consumption of dietary carbohydrate‐rich food in relation to menopausal status. Only premenopausal women with short sleep duration had significantly higher body weight (P=0.008), body mass index (P=0.001), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (P=0.029 and P=0.028, respectively), prevalence of obesity (P<0.015) and consumption of more carbohydrate‐rich foods such as staple foods (P=0.020) and simple sugar‐rich foods than those with adequate sleep (≥7 hours/day) after adjustment for age, smoking, alcohol drinking, and physical activity. Also, premenopausal women with short sleep duration were significantly more obese by greater than 1.164 times compared with adequate sleep durations. However, all anthropometric, blood biochemical variables, dietary consumption and odds for being obese were not significantly different for postmenopausal women. Among premenopausal women, short sleep duration was associated with a greater consumption of dietary carbohydrate‐rich food and increased obesity‐related variables as well as odds for being obese. Our findings showed that obesity may have been potentially impacted by short sleep. Our results suggested that menopausal status associated with short sleep may increase the risk of obesity with greater consumption of carbohydrate‐rich foods.Support or Funding InformationThis work was supported by the Brain Korea 21 plus project funding (No. 22A20130012143).
The high‐throughput sequencing analysis of gut microbiota metagenomesequence of 16S rRNA‐V3 hypervariable region in rats receiving alcohol or probiotics
Authors: Liang Hui , Rui LV , Liu Ying , Zhou Zhitong , Fu Yong , Wang Wencheng , Liu Man 
Published: November 2023

This study aimed to observe the protective effects of probiotics on alcohol‐induced changes in gut microbiota and barrier of intestinal mucosa. Rats were randomly divided into three groups: normal control group, ethanol‐model group, and probiotics‐treated group (5×108CFU/(kg•bw•d)). The liver and small intestine were collected for pathologic examination. Intestine was also used for measuring FOXO4 expression, and faeces were collected for DNA extraction and following analysis of gut microbiotametagenome sequence of 16S rRNA‐V3 hypervariable region. The results from HE staining and transmission electron microscope showed that the model of alcoholic injury was successfully estaiblished. Significant pathological changes were observed in model group and feeding probiotics improved these changes. The FOXO4 expression in ethanol‐treated group was decreased compared to the control group (OD values at 0.115±0.064 versus 0.264±0.023), and this decrease was partially prevented in probiotics‐treated group (OD values at 0.187±0.089)(P<0.05). The results from the high‐throughput sequencing analysis revealed that the mean value of OTUs in control group, ethanol‐treated group, and probiotics‐treated group were 6044, 5774, and 6403, respectively. The indexes of both ACE and Chao were decreased in ethanol‐treated group compared to the control group (27706±3532 versus 32356±4091) and (16135±2583 vs 17958±2070), respectively; these ethanol‐induced decreases were partially prevented by probiotics (28287±3553) and (17243±2017) for ACE and Chao, respectively. The index of shannon was higher in ethanol‐treated group (6.89±0.15) than control group (7.01±0.15) and probiotics group (7.14±0.30). The index of Simpson was higher in ethanol‐treated group (0.006±0.001) than in control group (0.004±0.001) and probiotics group (0.004±0.001). At phylum level, the predominant phylum were Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Bacteroidetes in gut microbiota of each groups. The quantity of Firmicutes was lower and Bacteroidetes was higher in ethanol‐treated group compared to the control group both at P<0.05), At biology level, the biology of gut microbiota in control group, ethanol‐treated group and probiotics‐treated group were 170,154, and 164 respectively. In conclusion, our results suggest that probiotics may have protective effect on gut microbiota and barrier of intestinal mucosa in alcoholic liver disease in rats.Support or Funding InformationThis work was supported by Grants from the National Nature Science Foundation of China (No.81573137) and Dietary Nutrition Research and Education Foundation of Danone Nutrition Center (No. DIC2014‐03)
Anti‐aging and redox state regulation effects of type‐A proanthocyanidins‐rich cranberry concentrate and its comparison with grape seed extract in mice
Authors: Jiao Jingjing , Wei Yan , Zhang Yu 
Published: November 2023

In current study, we investigated whether type‐A proanthocyanidins (PACs)‐rich cranberry concentrate (CBC) exerts anti‐aging and redox state regulation effects and compared with the effects of type‐B PACs‐rich grape seed extract (GSE). Using the D‐galactose‐induced aging mice model, effects of both CBC and GSE were investigated via an 8‐week oral gavage administration considering vitamin E as the positive control. Results showed that both CBC and GSE reduce hepatic and brain thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), presented as malonaldehyde (MDA) equivalents, and plasma 8‐isoprostane levels by 30%–57%, 24%–30% and 11%–62%, respectively, and decrease brain and plasma monoamine oxidase (MAO) activities by 27%–59% and 65%–71%, respectively. CBC is capable of improving hepatic glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) activities by 42%, while GSE is able to enhance hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities by 13%. Therefore, CBC/GSE exerts anti‐aging effects probably via regulating in vivo redox state. Type‐A linked PACs regulate GSH‐Px activities while type‐B PACs mainly improve SOD activities, while neither generates any effect on catalase (CAT) activities. These findings provide pioneer in vivo evidence that type‐A PACs‐rich CBC has distinguished potential in aspects of anti‐aging and redox state regulation compared with well‐known type‐B PACs‐rich GSE, which deserve to be further concerned.Support or Funding InformationNational Natural Science Foundation of China (31201307)
Estimation of Dietary Total Antioxidant Capacity of Korean Adults
Authors: Jun Shinyoung , Chun Ock K. , Quansah Dan Yedu , Hei Yang , Joung Hyojee 
Published: November 2023

Dietary total antioxidant capacity (TAC), a cumulative measure of antioxidants present in the diet, has been reported to be inversely associated with risk of chronic diseases. However, little is known about dietary TAC among the Korean population. This cross‐sectional population‐based study aimed to estimate dietary TAC of 33,581 Korean adults aged 19+ years in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007–2012. Dietary TAC was estimated from the 24‐h dietary recall data using an antioxidant database on antioxidant capacity of 43 antioxidants (i.e., vitamins A, C, E, carotenoids and flavonoids), expressed as vitamin C equivalents (VCE), developed for foods commonly consumed in Korea. Mean dietary TAC of Korean adults was 577.7 mg VCE/d mainly from flavonoids (463.9 mg VCE/d), followed by vitamin C (106.2 mg VCE/d), vitamin E (4.7 mg VCE/d), carotenoids (3.5 mg VCE/d) and retinol (0.1 mg VCE/d). The energy‐adjusted daily TAC level was higher in women, non‐current smokers, and supplement users than their counterparts, and increased with income and education (P<0.001). The major contributing food groups to dietary TAC were fruits (53.1%), vegetables (30.2%) and legumes and legume products (8.6%). Apples (23.8%), onions (13.8%), mandarines (9.8%), persimmons (9.8%), grapes (7.1%) and tofu (6.6%) were top food items contributing to dietary TAC in the Korean diet. The present study documented average dietary TAC of Korean adults and its main food sources using nationally representative data. Further research on the health effects of dietary TAC among Korean adults should follow.Support or Funding InformationThis work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean government (MSIP) (NRF‐2014R1A2A2A01003138).
Effect of an Optimized Savory Cluster on Glycemic and Insulinemic Responses in Healthy Individuals: a Randomized, Cross‐over Study
Authors: Wolever Thomas MS , Jenkins Alexandra L , Campbell Janice , Ezatagha Adish , Pan Yang , Nisbet Mark , Harkness Laura 
Published: November 2023

Postprandial glycemia has been implicated in the development of chronic metabolic diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases. Foods with high contents of slowly digestible starch elicit lower glycemic responses have been proposed as better choices to help decrease postprandial glucose excursions and thus to improve glycemic control and health, For this reason, there is a growing interest in developing foods with slowly digestible starch, particularly for snacks. A low moisture, low temperature process was developed to produce a savory cluster snack (test‐cluster) containing nuts and grains and bound together with wheat starch and soluble fiber which is slowly digested in‐vitro. The objective of this study was to compare the glucose and insulin responses elicited by the test‐cluster to those of a control‐cluster made with ingredients commonly used in commercially available snacks or bars including oats, peanuts, puffed rice and corn syrup and an available‐carbohydrate matched portion of white‐bread in healthy subjects. Healthy men and women (n=25) were studied on 3 occasions using a randomized, cross‐over design. After 2 fasting finger‐prick blood samples, subjects consumed 1 serving (56g) of the test‐ or control‐cluster or 47g white‐bread and had blood glucose and serum insulin measured at intervals over the next 4 hr. Each serving of test‐cluster, control‐cluster and white‐bread, respectively, contained: 5, 5 and 4g protein; 12, 11 and 0.5g fat; 24, 33 and 24g available‐carbohydrate; and 10, 2 and 1g dietary fiber. The blood‐glucose peak‐rise and incremental area under the curve (AUC) after test‐cluster were significantly lower than those after both control‐cluster and white‐bread (mean±SEM; peak‐rise, 1.24±0.09 vs 2.27±0.13 and 2.27±0.16 mmol/L; AUC, 67±8 vs 117±10 and 114±9, respectively). The serum‐insulin peak‐rise and AUC after test‐cluster, 128±13 pmol/L and 6.10±0.73 nmol×min/L, were similar to those after white bread, 141±20 pmol/L and 6.47±1.11 nmol×min/L, but significantly less than those after the control‐cluster, 205±26 pmol/L and 9.60±1.31 nmol×min/L. It is concluded that a serving of test‐cluster elicits lower glucose and insulin responses than a serving of a similar control‐cluster. The results support the hypothesis that the carbohydrates in the test‐cluster are slowly digested and absorbed in‐vivo.Support or Funding InformationThis study is funded by PepsiCo, Inc.
Cardio‐metabolic risk and lifestyle behaviours among police officers in Trinidad and Tobago
Authors: Prout Patrice , Nichols Selby 
Published: November 2023

ObjectivesTo evaluate cardio‐metabolic risk among police officers.Design and MethodologyThis cross‐sectional study was conducted among law enforcement officers of the Trinidad and Tobago Police Services. Four jurisdictions were randomly selected and officers invited to participate. Blood pressure and anthropometric measurements (height, weight, body mass index, waist circumference, lean muscle mass, visceral fat and percentage body fat) were obtained using standard procedures. Participation in the study was voluntary. Ethical approval was granted by the Senior Superintendent on behalf of the Commissioner of Police.ResultsFour hundred (Females n= 138; Males n= 262) officers participated in the study. Male officers were more likely to have elevated systolic blood pressures than female counterparts (p <0.001). In partial correlation analyses controlling for age, ethnicity, education level and marital status; obesity was associated with an increased likelihood of elevated systolic blood pressure (> 140mmHg) (Odds ratio (OR) =3.82, 95%(CI): 2.92, 5.49; p<0.01); elevated diastolic blood pressure (> 90 mmHg) (OR= 3.89; 95% CI 2.88, 5.88; p<0.01); vegetables <2 servings per day (OR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.15, 3.14; p= 0.015); red meat intake > 4 times per week (OR= 2.0, 95% CI: 1.04, 2.36; p=0.04); soda intake > 48 ounces per week (OR = 1.9, 95% CI:1.26, 2.88: p=0.002); participation in non occupational physical activity < 3 times per week (OR =4.70, 95% CI: 3.00, 10.86; p = 0.001).ConclusionThe results indicated that poor dietary practices and physical activity among police officers are associated with cardio‐metabolic risk as indexed by blood pressure and obesity.
A Method Comparison Study between Two Hemoglobinometer Models (Hemocue Hb 301 and Hb 201+) to Measure Hemoglobin Concentrations And Estimate Anemia Prevalence among Women in Preah Vihear, Cambodia
Authors: Rappaport Aviva I , Karakochuk Crystal D , Whitfield Kyly C , Kheang Khin Meng , Green Timothy J 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundAnemia affects 1.62 billion people worldwide. Defined as a hemoglobin (Hb) concentration <120 g/L for non‐pregnant women, anemia can negatively impact pregnancy outcomes and reduce work capacity. Hb is often measured in global health and nutrition surveys using a portable hemoglobinomter such as the Hemocue Hb 201+ (Hemocue, Angelholm, Sweden). More recently, a newer model was released (Hemocue Hb 301) utilizing slightly different methods to measure Hb as compared to the older model.ObjectiveTo measure bias and concordance between Hb concentrations using the Hemocue Hb 301 and Hb 201+ models in a rural field setting.MethodsHb concentration was measured in 175 rural Cambodian women (18–49 y) from Preah Vihear province using three Hemocue Hb 301 and three Hemocue Hb 201+ machines and using the same finger prick of blood in alternating order. Half of the samples (n=94) were measured using the Hb 301 model first, and the remaining samples (n=81) with the Hb 201+ first. Bias (the difference in means) and concordance were determined.ResultsOverall, mean ± SD Hb concentration was 116 ± 13 g/L using the Hb 201+ and 118 ± 12 g/L using the Hb 301. Anemia prevalence (Hb <120 g/L) for the Hb 201+ and Hb 301 was 58.3% (n=102) and 57.7% (n=101), respectively. Bias ± SD between methods was 2.0 ± 10.5 g/L and concordance (95% CI) was 0.63 (0.54, 0.72).ConclusionsBias was low and concordance was high between the two models, suggesting that the new Hemocue Hb 301 measures anemia prevalence comparably to the previous Hemocue Hb 201+ model. Further, anemia prevalence was very similar among the two models (57.7 vs. 58.3). The comparability of Hb measurements among different Hemocue models has important implications for the accurate estimations of anemia prevalence across time and among different surveys.Support or Funding InformationThe funding for this study was provided by the Danish Red Cross (Copenhagen, Denmark) and the University of Guelph (Guelph, Canada).
Assessment of Vitamin D Knowledge/Awareness of Black College Students
Authors: Jerrod Tiffany , Peterson Catherine A 
Published: November 2023

It is commonly accepted that African Americans are at great risk for vitamin D deficiency. African Americans have the highest prevalence of insufficiency among any other ethnic group in the United States (US); and poor vitamin D status may in part explain the health disparities between Black and non‐Blacks. However, little data are available on the knowledge of and attitudes towards vitamin D and health within the Black population living in the US. A researcher‐developed 27‐question survey was used to assess vitamin D awareness among Black college students. Participants were University of Missouri students, at least 18 years old, and identified as Black and/or African American. Of the 110 students who started the survey, 108 responses were included in analysis. Nearly 99% of participants had heard of vitamin D and the most common information source was the media at 60%. When asked if young healthy people get enough vitamin D, 30% responded correctly while, 30% answered incorrectly and 40% did not know. In response to the question “You can be vitamin D deficient and not know it,” students studying the Humanities/History or Business were the least likely to answer correctly at 27% respectively. Interestingly, 40% of Life/Health Science majors did not know if young healthy people had adequate vitamin D intake, while 29% believed that they did. Nearly one‐third indicated that they did not know the sources of vitamin D. Slightly less than half (42.3%) of respondents said that they knew the functions of vitamin D in the body. These findings show a lack of vitamin D knowledge among Black college students; thus, revealing a need for public health education to increase vitamin D awareness among this young, potentially vulnerable yet malleable, population.Support or Funding InformationMcNair Scholars Program and Department of Nutrition & Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri.
Young soluble growth factors/cytokines improves wound healing in old rats
Authors: lluch Monica Caceres , Fernandez Christian , Saldias Maria Paz , Folli Vincenzo , Cerda Oscar 
Published: November 2023

Aging is a natural process which is associated with the appearance of a number of diseases that contribute to progressive deterioration in the quality of life. Aging affect negatively gingival and skin wound healing. However, the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain unclear. To investigate the possible role of soluble growth factors/cytokines from the blood in this processes we performed in vitro experiments with serum derived from blood of young and old rats, primary skin fibroblast and in vivo wound skin healing. Animal procedures were conducted in accordance to the Administrative Panel on Laboratory Animal Care at Universidad de Chile.We used skin fibroblast from old (18 months) and young (2 months) rats and serum derived from 1 ml of blood. Gel contraction was evaluated using a three‐dimensional cultures. Myofibroblast differentiation was evaluated by immunofluorescence and immunoblot. We evaluated α‐SMA after 2 days of treatment with young and old serum, we observed that young serum stimulates the expression of α‐SMA on young and old cells. However, we observed that α‐SMA does not incorporate into the stress fiber in old cells. Interestingly, these effects were reverted by the incubation of young serum. Old rats show a decrease in collagen gel contraction, suggesting the functional role of α‐SMA into the stress fiber. Skin fibroblast from old rats shows a decrease in collagen contraction in comparison with young skinFull‐thickness 2,5 mm biopsy were made in the back of rats. Cross sections 5 um were stained with Masson trichrome, observed a delay in wound repair in old rats compared with young rats, this effect is partially reverted with serum derived from young rats after 7 days. We observed an improvement of cellular responses associated to wound healing in old rats topically treated with young serum such as increased in collagen expression and myofibroblast differentiation and diminished erythrocytes number into the wound.These data demonstrate that young soluble growth/cytokines significantly accelerated wound healing in old rats. These effects might be related to the induction of differentiation to myofibroblast observed in young rats and old rats treated with young serum.Support or Funding InformationFunding: FONDECYT 11140064, U‐Inicia
Continuous Efforts of the Vitamin Society of Japan to Increase Folate Intake in Japan
Authors: Amagase Harunobu , Ichinose Hiroshi , Kondo Atsuo , Abe Koichi , Watanabe Toshiaki , Sueki Kazuo , Shigeoka Shigeru 
Published: November 2023

Successful implementation of Folate Fortification Program in 1998 led significant reduction in incidence of neural tube defects in the USA. Currently more than 70 countries have employed this fortification program. However, the Government of Japan (GOJ) has not mandated folate fortification at this moment, while Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (MHLW) of GOJ recommends expecting mother taking 400 μg of folate daily. In reality, average folate intake in Japanese expecting mother does not meet recommendation made by MHLW; it is even lower than 300 μg per day. The incidence of spina bifida, one of neural tube defects, in Japan has been gradually increasing, ranging from 2.2 per 10,000 births in 1980, 3.6 in 1990, 4.6 in 2000, to 5.9 in 2010. In another aspect, it has been suggested in many reports that supplementing folate, vitamin B6 and B12 reduces stroke incidence in the elderlies. Based upon these aspects, the Vitamin Society of Japan has proposed GOJ the following in 2015:

To enlighten child‐bearing age of women as to importance of taking recommended amount of folate to prevent a congenital disease.
To promote and support research to examine impact of vitamins and bio‐factors for health maintenance and disease prevention.