bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Garrè's osteomyelitis managed by root canal treatment of a mandibular second molar: incorporation of computed tomography with 3D reconstruction in the diagnosis and monitoring of the disease
Authors: Ebihara A. , Yoshioka T. , Suda H. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractAim  To report the healing of Garrè's osteomyelitis involving a mandibular second molar following root canal treatment.Summary  To describe the endodontic management of Garrè's osteomyelitis involving a mandibular second molar. In this case, computed tomography (CT) was used to evaluate the status of the periapical lesion. Five years after root canal treatment, the tooth and supporting tissues appeared healthy both clinically and radiographically and were functioning well.Key learning points•Garrè's osteomyelitis of an adult can be managed by root canal treatment.•Computed tomography could be used for diagnosis and treatment planning in endodontics.
World Health Organization collaborative study to establish a replacement WHO international standard for hepatitis C virus RNA nucleic acid amplification technology assays
Authors: Saldanha J. , Heath A. , Aberham C. , Albrecht J. , Gentili G. , Gessner M. , Pisani G. 
Published: March 2005

Background and Objectives  A collaborative study was undertaken to establish a replacement for the current (1st) World Health Organization (WHO) hepatitis C virus (HCV) International Standard, 96/790.Materials and Methods  Both the 1st International Standard and the replacement standard were prepared from the same starting material by diluting a high titre genotype 1a HCV isolate in pooled, human plasma. The only difference was that each standard was lyophilized in two, separate lyophilisation runs but under the same conditions.Results  In the study to establish the 1st International Standard, no significant difference in potency was found between the material eventually designated as the 1st International Standard and that now selected as the 2nd International Standard. The present study also showed no significant differences between the materials stored at −20 °C and no evidence of degradation over 5 years.Conclusions  Material 96/798 was established as the 2nd HCV International Standard and assigned the same unitage as the 1st International Standard, i.e. 105 IU/ml (50 000 IU/vial).
Pre‐pregnancy weight and the risk of stillbirth and neonatal death
Authors: Kristensen Janni , Vestergaard Mogens , Wisborg Kirsten , Kesmodel Ulrik , Secher Niels Jørgen 
Published: March 2005

Objective  To evaluate the association between maternal pre‐pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and the risk of stillbirth and neonatal death and to study the causes of death among the children.Design  Cohort study of pregnant women receiving routine antenatal care in Aarhus, Denmark.Setting  Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark, 1989–1996.Population  A total of 24,505 singleton pregnancies (112 stillbirths, 75 neonatal deaths) were included in the analyses.Methods  Information on maternal pre‐pregnancy weight, height, lifestyle factors and obstetric risk factors were obtained from self‐administered questionnaires and hospital files. We classified the population according to pre‐pregnancy BMI as underweight (BMI <18.5 kg/m2), normal weight (BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m2), overweight (BMI 25–29.9 kg/m2) and obese (BMI 30.0 kg/m2 or more).Main outcome measures  Stillbirth and neonatal death and causes of death.Results  Maternal obesity was associated with a more than doubled risk of stillbirth (odds ratio = 2.8, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.5–5.3) and neonatal death (odds ratio = 2.6, 95% CI: 1.2–5.8) compared with women of normal weight. No statistically significantly increased risk of stillbirth or neonatal death was found among underweight or overweight women. Adjustment for maternal cigarette smoking, alcohol and caffeine intake, maternal age, height, parity, gender of the child, years of schooling, working status and cohabitation with partner did not change the conclusions, nor did exclusion of women with hypertensive disorders or diabetes mellitus. No single cause of death explained the higher mortality in children of obese women, but more stillbirths were caused by unexplained intrauterine death and fetoplacental dysfunction among obese women compared with normal weight women.Conclusion  Maternal obesity more than doubled the risk of stillbirth and neonatal death in our study. The present and other studies linking maternal obesity to an increased risk of severe adverse pregnancy outcomes emphasise the need for public interventions to prevent obesity in young women.
Evolving Treatment Strategies for Inflammatory Breast Cancer: A Population-Based Survival Analysis
Authors: Panades Miguel , Olivotto Ivo A. , Speers Caroline H. , Shenkier Tamara , Olivotto Theodora A. , Weir Lorna , Allan Sharon J. , Truong Pauline T. 
Published: March 2005

Purpose To determine if mastectomy (Mx) use, chemotherapy (CT) intensity, or treatment sequence of CT, radiation therapy (RT), and Mx have improved outcome for inflammatory breast cancer (IBC). Patients and Methods A retrospective analysis of 485 patients with IBC diagnosed in British Columbia between 1980 and 2000 analyzed locoregional relapse-free survival (LRFS) and breast cancer–specific survival (BCSS) by treatment intent and treatment received. Curative intent was defined as delivery of more than four cycles of anthracycline-based CT plus locoregional RT in patients without distant metastases. Results Median follow-up among survivors was 6.5 years. Median BCSS was 1.0 and 3.2 years for patients with distant metastases at diagnosis or those who were curatively treated, respectively. Among patients treated curatively (n = 308), there were no significant differences in LRFS or BCSS with timing of Mx before or after CT/RT, time between diagnosis and RT, or the sequence of RT and CT. Patients receiving more intensive CT had improved 10-year BCSS compared with standard CT (43.7% v 26.3%; P = .04). Ten-year LRFS for patients having Mx after CT, Mx before CT, and without Mx was 62.8%, 58.6%, and 34.4%, respectively (P = .0001); the corresponding 10-year BCSS was 36.9%, 19.9%, and 22.5%, respectively (P = .005). On multivariate analysis, Mx was associated with improved LRFS (P = .04). Independent prognostic factors for BCSS were menopausal status (P = .02), estrogen receptor status (P = .02), and CT type (P = .05). Conclusion This retrospective analysis suggested that mastectomy, in conjunction with CT and RT, seemed to enhance locoregional control, whereas modern CT regimens seemed to improve BCSS.
Two Black men with prostate cancer: A narrative approach
Authors: Gray Ross E. , Fergus Karen D. , Fitch Margaret I. 
Published: March 2005

Objectives. This paper demonstrates the value of a narrative approach for health psychology. It focuses on the lives of two Black men with prostate cancer, drawn from a larger study investigating the links between masculinities and prostate cancer.Design. The study was a qualitative, interview‐based study. Each participant was interviewed four times.Methods and analysis. The men were asked to describe and discuss their prostate cancer experience, as well as their lives prior to illness. In order to gain a perspective on individual experiences of men with prostate cancer, we took a narrative approach to gathering and analysing data. Results are reported through two descriptive narratives.Conclusions. The narratives of the men described in the paper show how the interaction of race with health and illness is neither predictable nor consistent at the individual level. Black men, like all men with prostate cancer, have diverse experiences and are influenced by a wide array of personal and societal factors. While the high risk of prostate cancer among Black men makes proactive interventions advisable, such interventions will be most effective if the heterogeneity of men's experiences are taken into account.
Ion solvation in aqueous–organic mixtures
Authors: Hefter Glenn 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
The importance of ion solvation in determining the properties of electrolyte solutions in aqueous–organic solvent mixtures is discussed. Solubility measurements are shown to be particularly useful for determining the Gibbs energies of transfer of ions between solvents, which reflect differences in the overall solvation of the ions in different solvent mixtures. Solubility measurements can also be used to determine the other thermodynamic parameters of transfer, but such quantities are usually better obtained by more direct methods. The inadequacy of current theories of ion solvation to quantitatively account for the thermodynamics of ion transfer is discussed by reference to measurements on some simple model systems. Although donor/acceptor interactions can explain many of the observed effects between pure solvents, the situation is more complex in aqueous–organic mixtures because selective solvation and even solvent–solvent interactions may become significant. This is illustrated by consideration of ion transfer from water to water + t-butanol solutions, where spectacular effects are observed in the enthalpies and entropies and especially in the heat capacities and volumes.
Gas–liquid interactions in solution
Authors: Costa Gomes M. F. , Pádua A. A. H. 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
Two approaches are followed to understand how molecular interactions influence the macroscopic properties of solutions: (1) experiment, through the determination of gas solubility, and (2) computer simulation, used to evaluate microscopic properties (structural and energetic). Examples of application of these approaches are considered in order to explain the properties of solutions containing fluorinated fluids or ionic liquids. The molecular structures and interactions are described by force fields built from ab initio quantum chemical calculations. These models allow the determination of free energies from computer simulations by using appropriate energy routes provided by statistical mechanics. The macroscopic properties related to the process of dissolution of several gases are interpreted in terms of the molecular structure of the solutions and of the solute–solvent interactions.
Ionic complexes of 1,1′‐dimethyltitanocene(IV) dichloride with simple α‐amino acids: synthesis, structural characterisation and investigation on hydrolytic stability in aqueous solution
Authors: Bína Radim , Pavlišta Martin , Černošek Zdeněk , Císařová Ivana , Pavlík Ivan 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFive cationic complexes of the general formula [Cp′2Ti(A)2]2+ [Cl−]2 [Cp′ = η5‐(CH3)C5H4 and A = glycine, 1; 2‐methylalanine, 2; N‐methylglycine, 3; L‐alanine, 4; and D‐alanine 5] were prepared by the reaction of Cp′2TiCl2 and the appropriate α‐amino acid in 1:2 molar ratio from methanol–water solution in high yield. Air‐stable crystalline solids, highly soluble in water, were characterized by means of elemental analysis, IR, Raman, 1H, 13C and 14N NMR spectroscopy. The structure of compound 3 was determined by single crystal X‐ray crystallography: orthorhombic Pbca No. 61, a = 9.5310(3), b = 18.2980(5), c = 26.6350(5) Å, V = 4654 Å3, Z = 8. Hydrolytic stability of all compounds in D2O was investigated using 1H NMR spectroscopy within the pD interval of 2.9–6.5. All compounds slowly decomposed during 24 h at pD = 2.94, forming a mixture of hydrolytic products [Cp′2Ti(A)(D2O)]2+, [Cp′2Ti(D2O)2]2+ and respective α‐amino acids. By elevating pD to 4.0 and up to 6.5, a yellowish precipitate was formed, which indicates decomposition of the complexes. These compounds were characterized using elemental analyses, IR and Raman spectroscopy and attributed to oligomeric and/or polymeric structures described empirically by the formula Ti(Cp′)xOy(OH)z (x = 0.65; y = 0.3, z = 1.9). Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimization of colloidal nanoparticle synthesis via NR4(BEt3H) reduction
Authors: Kinge S. , Bönnemann H. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractOptimization of platinum and PtRu colloid syntheses via NR4(BEt3H) reduction was achieved via the ‘reverse addition mode’. The amount of stabilizing agent could be reduced by 40%. This improvement leads to a better particle size control and a considerable reduction of unwanted organic residues on the metal colloid particle surface. The PtRu catalyst prepared by reverse addition mode shows improvement in the methanol oxidation activity. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Carboxymethylation of cellulosic material (average degree of polymerization 2600) isolated from cotton (Gossypium) linters with respect to degree of substitution and rheological behavior
Authors: Khullar Ritu , Varshney V. K. , Naithani Sanjay , Heinze Thomas , Soni P. L. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractCarboxymethylation of cellulosic material (average degree of polymerization 2600) containing 76.5% cellulose and 23.6% xylose isolated from cotton (Gossypium) linters was studied under varying reaction conditions with respect to maximum degree of substitution (DS). The influence of reaction conditions on the apparent viscosity of the prepared derivatives was also studied. The conditions optimized were sodium hydroxide concentration 3.75M, monochloroacetic acid concentration 2.05 mol/AGU, carboxymethylation time 3.5 h, and temperature 55°C, to yield carboxymethyl cellulose of DS 0.77. Rheological studies of 1 and 2% solutions of the optimized product revealed their non‐Newtonian pseudoplastic behavior. Repeating units of the optimized product were also determined by HPLC after complete depolymerization of the polymer. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 1477–1482, 2005
Role of sensory‐motor cortex activity in postnatal development of corticospinal axon terminals in the cat
Authors: Friel Kathleen M. , Martin John H. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe initial pattern of corticospinal (CS) terminations, as axons grow into the spinal gray matter, bares little resemblance to the pattern later in development and in maturity. This is because of extensive axon pruning and local axon terminal growth during early postnatal development. Pruning is driven by activity‐dependent competition between the CS systems on each side during postnatal weeks (PW) 3–7. It is not known whether CS axon terminal growth and final topography are activity dependent. We examined the activity dependence of CS axon terminal growth and topography at different postnatal times. We inactivated sensory‐motor cortex by infusion of the γ‐aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) agonist muscimol and traced CS axons from the inactivated side. Inactivation between PW5 and PW7 produced permanent changes in projection topography, reduced local axon branching, and prevented development of dense clusters of presynaptic sites, which are normally characteristic of CS terminals. Inactivation at younger (PW3–5) and older (PW8–12) ages did not affect projection topography but impeded development of local axon branching and presynaptic site clusters. These effects were not due to increased cortical cell death during inactivation. Neural activity plays an important role in determining the morphology of CS terminals during the entire period of development, but, for the projection topography, the role of activity is exercised during a very brief period. This points to a complex, and possibly independent, regulation of termination topography and terminal morphology. Surprisingly, when a CS neuron's activity is blocked during early development, it does not recover lost connections later in development once activity resumes. J. Comp. Neurol. 485:43–56, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development and properties of stereociliary link types in hair cells of the mouse cochlea
Authors: Goodyear Richard J. , Marcotti Walter , Kros Corné J. , Richardson Guy P. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe hair bundles of outer hair cells in the mature mouse cochlea possess three distinct cell‐surface specializations: tip links, horizontal top connectors, and tectorial membrane attachment crowns. Electron microscopy was used to study the appearance and maturation of these link types and examine additional structures transiently associated with the developing hair bundle. At embryonic day 17.5 (E17.5), the stereocilia are interconnected by fine lateral links and have punctate elements distributed over their surface. Oblique tip links are also seen at this stage. By postnatal day 2 (P2), outer hair cell bundles have a dense cell coat, but have lost many of the lateral links seen at E17.5. At P2, ankle links appear around the base of the bundle and tectorial membrane attachment crowns are seen at the stereociliary tips. Ankle links become less apparent by P9 and are completely lost by P12. The appearance of horizontal top connectors, which persist into adulthood, occurs concomitant with this loss of ankle links. Treatment with the calcium chelator BAPTA or the protease subtilisin enabled these links to be further distinguished. Ankle links are susceptible to both treatments, tip links are only sensitive to BAPTA, and tectorial membrane attachment crowns are removed by subtilisin but not BAPTA. The cell‐coat material is partially sensitive to subtilisin alone, while horizontal top connectors resist both treatments. These results indicate there is a rich, rapidly changing array of different links covering the developing hair bundle that becomes progressively refined to generate the mature complement by P19. J. Comp. Neurol. 485:75–85, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
HnRNP A3 genes and pseudogenes in the vertebrate genomes
Authors: Makeyev Aleksandr V. , Kim Chang Bae , Ruddle Frank H. , Enkhmandakh Badam , Erdenechimeg Lkhamsuren , Bayarsaihan Dashzeveg 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe hnRNP A/B type proteins are abundant nuclear factors that bind to Pol II transcripts and are involved in numerous RNA‐related activities. To date most data on the hnRNP A/B family have been obtained with recombinant proteins and cell cultures. Further characterization can result from an examination of the impact of various modifications in intact functional loci; however, such characterization is hampered by the presence of numerous and widely dispersed hnRNP A/B‐related sequences in the mammalian genome. We have found hnRNP A3, a poorly recognized member of the hnRNP A/B family, among candidate transcription factors that interact with the regulatory region of the Hoxc8 gene and screened the human and mouse genomes for genes that encode hnRNP A3. We demonstrate that the sequence reported previously as the human hnRNP A3 gene (Accession number S63912) and located on 10p11.1 belongs to a processed pseudogene of the functional intron‐containing locus HNRPA3, which we have identified on 2q31.2. We have also identified its murine orthologs on mouse chromosome 2D and rat chromosome 3q23. Alternative splices were revealed at the N‐terminus and in the middle of hnRNP A3. 14 and 28 additional loci in the human and mouse genome, respectively, were mapped and identified as hnRNP A3 processed pseudogenes. In addition, we have found and compared hnRNP A3 orthologous genes in Gallus gallus, Xenopus tropicalis, and Danio rerio. The present in silico analysis serves as a necessary step toward a further functional characterization of hnRNP A3. J. Exp. Zool. 303A:259–271, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Osmotic stress stimulates the organic osmolyte channel in Xenopus laevis oocytes expressing skate (Raja erinacea) AE1
Authors: Koomoa Dana‐Lynn T. , Musch Mark W. , Goldstein Leon 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine whether hypo‐osmolarity, which activates taurine transport through the volume‐sensitive organic osmolyte channel in skate (Raja erinacea) erythrocytes, also activates the organic osmolyte channel activity of skate AE1 (skAE1) expressed in oocytes. When Xenopus laevis oocytes expressing skAE1 were incubated in hypo‐osmotic ND 96 (210 mOsm) media, taurine was transported at a significantly higher rate than when incubated in ND 96 (235 mOsm), which is iso‐osmotic to Xenopus plasma. Therefore, hypo‐osmotic stress is part of the activation mechanism of the organic osmolyte channel in skAE1 expressing oocytes. J. Exp. Zool. 303A:319–322, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Stability and accuracy of finite element methods for flow acoustics. I: general theory and application to one‐dimensional propagation
Authors: Gabard G. , Astley R. J. , Ben Tahar M. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe dispersion properties of finite element models for aeroacoustic propagation based on the convected scalar Helmholtz equation and on the Galbrun equation are examined. The current study focusses on the effect of the mean flow on the dispersion and amplitude errors present in the discrete numerical solutions. A general two‐dimensional dispersion analysis is presented for the discrete problem on a regular unbounded mesh, and results are presented for the particular case of one‐dimensional acoustic propagation in which the wave direction is aligned with the mean flow. The magnitude and sign of the mean flow is shown to have a significant effect on the accuracy of the numerical schemes. Quadratic Helmholtz elements in particular are shown to be much less effective for downstream—as opposed to upstream—propagation, even when the effect of wave shortening or elongation due to the mean flow is taken into account. These trends are also observed in solutions obtained for simple test problems on finite meshes. A similar analysis of two‐dimensional propagation is presented in an accompanying article. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Recovery of a tropical stream after a harvest‐related chlorine poisoning event
Authors: GREATHOUSE EFFIE A. , MARCH JAMES G. , PRINGLE CATHERINE M. 
Published: March 2005

Summary1. Harvest‐related poisoning events are common in tropical streams, yet research on stream recovery has largely been limited to temperate streams and generally does not include any measures of ecosystem function, such as leaf breakdown.2. We assessed recovery of a second‐order, high‐gradient stream draining the Luquillo Experimental Forest, Puerto Rico, 3 months after a chlorine‐bleach poisoning event. The illegal poisoning of freshwater shrimps for harvest caused massive mortality of shrimps and dramatic changes in those ecosystem properties influenced by shrimps. We determined recovery potential using an established recovery index and assessed actual recovery by examining whether the poisoned reach returned to conditions resembling an undisturbed upstream reference reach.3. Recovery potential was excellent (score = 729 of a possible 729) and can be attributed to nearby sources of organisms for colonisation, the mobility of dominant organisms, unimpaired habitat, rapid flushing and processing of chlorine, and location within a national forest.4. Actual recovery was substantial. Comparison of the reference reach with the formerly poisoned reach indicated: (1) complete recovery of xiphocaridid and palaemonid shrimp population abundances, shrimp size distributions, leaf breakdown rates, and abundances of oligochaetes and mayflies on leaves, and (2) only small differences in atyid shrimp abundance and community and ecosystem properties influenced by atyid shrimps (standing stocks of epilithic fine inorganic and organic matter, chlorophyll a, and abundances of chironomids and copepods on leaves).5. There was no detectable pattern between any measured variables and distance downstream from the poisoning. However, shrimp size‐distributions indicated that the observed recovery may represent a source‐sink dynamic, in which the poisoned reach acts as a sink which depletes adult shrimp populations from surrounding undisturbed habitats. Thus, the rapid recovery observed in this study is consistent with results from other field studies of pulse chlorine disturbances, harvest‐related fish poisonings, and recovery of freshwater biotic interactions, but it is unlikely to be sustainable if multiple poisonings deplete adult populations to the extent that juvenile recruitment does not offset adult shrimp mortality.