bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crystallinity morphology and dynamic mechanical characteristics of PBT polymer and glass fiber‐reinforced composites
Authors: Park Chan‐Seok , Lee Ki‐Jun , Kim Seong Woo , Lee Young Kwan , Nam Jae‐Do 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe crystalline morphologies of PBT (poly butylene terephthalate) and its glass fiber reinforced composite systems were investigated in a thin‐film form by polarized optical microscopy and wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction. Three different types of PBT morphology were identified in the Maltese cross pattern: 45° cross pattern (usual type) by solvent crystallization, 90° cross pattern (unusual type) by melt crystallization at low crystallization temperature, and mixed type by melt crystallization at crystallization temperatures higher than 160°C. The glass fibers increased the number density of spherulites and decreased the size of crystallites acting as crystallization nucleation sites without exhibiting trans‐crystallinity at the vicinity of the glass fiber surfaces. Finally, the storage modulus was analyzed by using a dual‐phase continuity model describing the modulus by the power‐law sum of the amorphous‐ and crystalline‐phase moduli. The crystalline‐phase modulus was extracted out from the PBT polymer and composite systems containing different amount of crystallinity. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 478–488, 2002
Three‐dimensional architecture of the myosalpinx in the mare as revealed by scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Germanà Antonino , Cassata Rosa , Cristarella Santo , Scirpo Aurelio , Muglia Ugo 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe three‐dimensional architecture of the myosalpinx in the mare was investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) after removal of interstitial connective tissue with NaOH digestion. In the extramural portion of the tubo‐uterine junction (TUJ), isthmus, and ampulla, the myosalpinx architecture is represented by a unique muscular structure which runs from the mesosalpinx to the base of the inner mucous folds. This unique muscular structure consists mainly of bundles of muscular fibers independent of one another, which show a multiple spatial arrangement and form a complex network. Such a muscular architecture is likely more suitable for stirring rather than pushing the embryos and gametes through the Fallopian tube. Anat Rec 267:235–241, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Association between tumor necrosis factor receptor II and familial, but not sporadic, rheumatoid arthritis: Evidence for genetic heterogeneity
Authors: Dieudé Philippe , Petit Elisabeth , Cailleau‐Moindrault Séverine , Osorio José , Pierlot Céline , Martinez Maria , Fauré Sabine , Alibert Olivier , Lasbleiz Sandra , De Toma Claudia , Bardin Thomas , Prum Bernard , Cornélis François ,   European Consortium on Rheumatoid Arthritis Families
Published: October 2002

AbstractObjectiveTumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) binds the receptors TNFRI and TNFRII. Results of genome scans have suggested thatTNFR2is a candidate rheumatoid arthritis (RA) locus. A case–control study in a UK Caucasian population has shown an association between aTNFR2genotype (196R/R in exon 6) and familial, but not sporadic, RA. The present study was undertaken to test this association in the French Caucasian population.MethodsTo test for an association in sporadic RA, 100 families were genotyped for the 196M/R polymorphism and analyzed using the transmission disequilibrium test and haplotype relative risk. To test for an association in familial RA, RA index cases from 100 affected sibpair (ASP) families were genotyped for 196M/R. Linkage analysis was performed with 3TNFR2microsatellite markers.ResultsTheTNFR2196R/R genotype was not associated with sporadic RA (odds ratio [OR] 0.59,P= 0.72), but was associated with familial RA (OR 4.0,P= 0.026). The association was most marked in the context ofTNFR2“twin‐like” RA sibs (affected sibs sharing bothTNFR2haplotypes) (OR 9.2,P= 0.0017). Linkage analysis results were consistent with the association; most of theTNFR2linkage evidence was found in the subgroup of families with 196R/R ASP index cases.ConclusionThis study is the first to replicate evidence of the involvement ofTNFR2in RA genetic heterogeneity. Our data refine the initial hypothesis, to suggest that aTNFR2recessive factor, in linkage disequilibrium with the 196R allele, plays a major role in a subset of families with multiple cases of RA.
Knee pain reduces joint space width in conventional standing anteroposterior radiographs of osteoarthritic knees
Authors: Mazzuca Steven A. , Brandt Kenneth D. , Lane Kathleen A. , Katz Barry P. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractObjectiveA suspected, but heretofore undemonstrated, limitation of the conventional weight‐bearing anteroposterior (AP) knee radiograph, in which the joint is imaged in extension, for studies of progression of osteoarthritis (OA) is that changes in knee pain may affect extension, thereby altering the apparent thickness of the articular cartilage. The present study was undertaken to examine the effect of changes in knee pain of varying magnitudes on radiographic joint space width (JSW) in the weight‐bearing extended and the semiflexed AP views, in which radioanatomic positioning of the knee was carefully standardized by fluoroscopy.MethodsFifteen patients with knee OA underwent a washout of their analgesic/nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID) agents (duration 5 half‐lives), after which standing AP and semiflexed AP knee radiographs of both knees were obtained. Examinations were repeated 1–12 weeks later (median 4.5 weeks, mean 6.0 weeks), after resumption of analgesic/NSAID therapy. Knee pain was measured with the pain subscale of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis (WOMAC) Index (Likert scale). JSW was measured with a pair of calipers and a magnifying lens. Mixed model analyses of variance were used to test the significance of changes in pain and JSW within and between 2 groups of knees with mild‐to‐moderate radiographic severity of OA: (a) “flaring knees,” in which the patient rated standing knee pain as severe or extreme after the washout and in which pain decreased to any degree after resumption of analgesics and/or NSAIDs (n = 12) and (b) “nonflaring knees,” in which standing knee pain was absent, mild, or moderate after the washout or did not decrease after resumption of treatment (n = 15).ResultsAfter reinstitution of treatment, WOMAC pain scores decreased significantly in both flaring and nonflaring knees (−44%; P < 0.0001 and −18%; P < 0.01, respectively). After adjustment for the within‐subject correlation between knees, mean JSW (±SEM) in the extended view of the flaring OA knee increased significantly from the first to second examination (0.20 ± 0.06 mm; P = 0.005). In contrast, the change in adjusted mean JSW in the extended view of the nonflaring OA knee was negligible (−0.04 ± 0.04 mm) and significantly smaller than that observed in flaring knees (P < 0.01). Mean JSW in the semiflexed AP view was unaffected by the severity or responsiveness of standing knee pain in flaring and nonflaring OA knees.ConclusionJSW in weight‐bearing extended‐view radiographs of highly symptomatic OA knees can be altered significantly by changes in joint pain. In clinical trials and in epidemiologic studies of OA progression that use this radiographic technique, longitudinal variations in pain may confound changes in the apparent thickness of the articular cartilage.
Does the label “fibromyalgia” alter health status, function, and health service utilization? A prospective, within‐group comparison in a community cohort of adults with chronic widespread pain
Authors: White Kevin P. , Nielson Warren R. , Harth Manfred , Ostbye Truls , Speechley Mark 
Published: October 2002

AbstractObjectiveTo determine if assigning the label of fibromyalgia (FM) to individuals with chronic widespread pain has a significant effect on long‐term health status, function, and health service utilization.MethodsIn the London Fibromyalgia Epidemiology Study, 100 individuals with FM were identified by screening 3,395 non‐institutionalized adults. Only 28 of the 100 had been previously diagnosed with FM; for 72, the diagnostic label was new. All 28 with prediagnosed FM were female compared with 58 of the 72 newly diagnosed cases. In a prospective, within‐group comparison, we compared previously non‐labeled FM cases at study entry (prelabeling) and at 18 and 36 months followup (postlabeling) with respect to general health status, fibromyalgia‐related symptoms, and all items from the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ) (including total FIQ score, and several measures of health service utilization) to see if health status, function, and health services utilization had changed, using paired t‐tests. We also compared percentage reporting work disability at baseline and 18 months using Pearson's χ2.ResultsFifty‐six (78%) of the original 72 newly diagnosed FM cases were available for reassessment at 18 months, and 43 (60%) at 36 months. Although physical functioning decreased slightly over time, there also was a statistically significant improvement in satisfaction with health, and newly diagnosed FM cases reported fewer symptoms and major symptoms over the long term. No other differences in clinical status or health service use occurred over time.ConclusionThe FM label does not have a meaningful adverse affect on clinical outcome over the long term. Further research is necessary to document the short‐ and long‐term effect of labeling in the chronic pain patient.
Modulation of multiple experimental arthritis models by collagen‐induced arthritis quantitative trait loci isolated in congenic rat lines: Different effects of non–major histocompatibility complex quantitative trait loci in males and females
Authors: Remmers Elaine F. , Joe Bina , Griffiths Marie M. , Dobbins David E. , Dracheva Svetlana V. , Hashiramoto Akira , Furuya Takefumi , Salstrom Jennifer L. , Wang JianPing , Gulko Pércio S. , Cannon Grant W. , Wilder Ronald L. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractObjectiveCollagen‐induced arthritis (CIA) is a model of inflammatory arthritis with many similarities to rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We previously mapped in F2 offspring of CIA‐susceptible DA and CIA‐resistant F344 rats, 5 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for which F344 alleles were associated with reduced CIA severity. In the present study, we sought to characterize the independent arthritis‐modulating effects of these 5 QTLs.MethodsCIA‐regulatory regions were transferred from the F344 genome to the DA background or vice versa by repeated backcrossing. The arthritis‐modulating effects of the transferred alleles were determined by comparing the severity of experimentally induced arthritis in congenic rats with that in DA rats.ResultsCongenic lines with either the F344 major histocompatibility complex (MHC) on the DA background or the DA MHC on the F344 background were resistant to CIA, confirming both MHC and non‐MHC contributions to the genetic regulation of CIA. F344 alleles at the Cia3 and Cia5 regions of chromosomes 4 and 10 reduced CIA severity relative to that observed in DA rats. F344 Cia4 and Cia6 regions of chromosomes 7 and 8 failed to significantly alter CIA severity. Arthritis‐modifying effects of Cia4 and Cia6 were, however, detected in pristane‐induced and/or Freund's incomplete adjuvant oil–induced arthritis. The arthritis‐modifying effects of the non‐MHC CIA‐regulatory loci differed in males and females.ConclusionThese congenic lines confirmed the existence and location of genes that regulate the severity of experimental arthritis in rats. Mechanisms responsible for the sex‐specificity of individual arthritis‐regulatory loci may explain some of the sex differences observed in RA and other autoimmune diseases in humans.
Effect of an exogenous trigger on the pathogenesis of lupus in (NZB × NZW)F1 mice
Authors: Yoshida Hideo , Satoh Minoru , Behney Krista M. , Lee Chee‐Gun , Richards Hanno B. , Shaheen Victoria M. , Yang Jun‐Qi , Singh Ram R. , Reeves Westley H. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined the interactions between exogenous and endogenous factors shaping the phenotype of lupus in autoimmune (NZB × NZW)F1 mice exposed to pristane, a model environmental trigger.MethodsFrequencies of various autoantibodies in untreated NZB/NZW mice were determined by various means (immunoprecipitation, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA], Crithidia luciliae kinetoplast staining). Pristane or saline was administered intraperitoneally to 9–12‐week‐old NZB/NZW mice, followed by serial studies of autoantibodies, total Ig levels (ELISA), and proteinuria (dipstick).ResultsBesides antichromatin/DNA responses, NZB/NZW mice spontaneously produced novel autoantibodies against the double‐stranded RNA binding protein RNA helicase A (RHA). In contrast, NZB/NZW mice (n = 70) did not produce autoantibodies against the nuclear RNP (nRNP), Sm, Ro, or La antigens. Pristane exposure synergistically activated the production of antichromatin/DNA antibodies and dramatically accelerated renal disease. Production of anti‐nRNP/Sm and Su autoantibodies also was induced, indicating that the unresponsiveness of NZB/NZW mice to these antigens can be overcome. Curiously, pristane treatment did not enhance the production of anti‐RHA, suggesting that these autoantibodies are regulated differently than anti‐DNA/chromatin and Sm. In contrast to previous reports that suggest a critical role of deficient interleukin‐12 (IL‐12) production in the pathogenesis of lupus, there was overproduction of IL‐12 in the peritoneal cavity of pristane‐treated NZB/NZW mice, and their spleen cells also produced large amounts of IL‐12.ConclusionThese data lead us to propose that environmental influences exacerbate autoimmune manifestations in genetically lupus‐susceptible mice through their stimulatory effects on proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL‐12.
Diminished peripheral blood memory B cells and accumulation of memory B cells in the salivary glands of patients with Sjögren's syndrome
Authors: Hansen Arne , Odendahl Marcus , Reiter Karin , Jacobi Annett M. , Feist Eugen , Scholze Jürgen , Burmester Gerd R. , Lipsky Peter E. , Dörner Thomas 
Published: October 2002

AbstractObjectiveTo delineate the mechanism of the abnormalities in B cell biology found in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS).MethodsThe distribution of peripheral B cell subpopulations in 21 patients with primary SS was analyzed by immunofluorescence labeling and flow cytometry. Immunoglobulin rearrangements were analyzed in single B cells isolated from the peripheral blood and parotid glands by fluorescence‐activated cell sorting.ResultsA significant reduction in the number of peripheral CD27+ memory B cells was found in SS patients, including a significantly reduced number of CD27+/IgD+/IgM+/CD5+ memory B cells. Remarkably, SS patients with secondary lymphoma uniquely exhibited an increase in CD27‐expressing peripheral B cells, including CD27high plasmablasts. Molecular analysis for mutated Ig gene rearrangements confirmed that CD27 expression distinguished naive and memory cells in SS. In contrast to the peripheral blood, the majority of parotid B cells from 1 patient examined exhibited both the mutational status and phenotype of memory B cells. Accordingly, the mutational frequencies of VH rearrangements were significantly greater in parotid B cells than in peripheral blood B cells, whereas the VH gene repertoire appeared to be very similar between the compartments.ConclusionThese data indicate that there is an accumulation/retention of memory B cells in the inflamed salivary glands of SS patients. It is possible that preferential accumulation of CD27+ memory B cells in the inflamed parotid gland explains their reduction in the peripheral blood.
Information architecture for the Web: The IA matrix approach to designing children's portals
Authors: Large Andrew , Beheshti Jamshid , Cole Charles 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe article presents a matrix that can serve as a tool for designing the information architecture of a Web portal in a logical and systematic manner. The information architect begins by inputting the portal's objective, target user, and target content. The matrix then determines the most appropriate information architecture attributes for the portal by filling in the Applied Information Architecture portion of the matrix. The article discusses how the matrix works using the example of a children's Web portal to provide access to museum information.
No effect of extremely low‐frequency magnetic field observed on cell growth or initial response of cell proliferation in human cancer cell lines
Authors: Yoshizawa Hiroaki , Tsuchiya Takehiro , Mizoe Hiroki , Ozeki Hidemi , Kanao Seiichi , Yomori Hiroyuki , Sakane Chiharu , Hasebe Setsu , Motomura Toshio , Yamakawa Taku , Mizuno Fumio , Hirose Hideki , Otaka Yoshihisa 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAn effect on the tumor promotion process, as represented by accelerated cell growth, has been indicated as one example of areas that demonstrate the possibility of biological effects of extremely‐low frequency magnetic fields. We, therefore, exposed the five cell lines (HL‐60, K‐562, MCF‐7, A‐375, and H4) derived from human tumors to a magnetic field for 3 days to investigate the effects on cell growth. Prior to exposure or sham exposure, the cells were precultured for 2 days in low serum conditions. The number of growing cells was counted in a blind manner. To investigate the effect on the initial response of cell proliferation, two cell lines were synchronized in G1 phase by serum starvation and then exposed to a magnetic field for 18 h (H4 cells) or 24 h (MCF‐7 cells), both with and without serum stimulation. The rate of DNA synthesis, taken as a measure of the cell proliferation, was determined by following the incorporation of [3H]‐thymidine into the DNA. Three different magnetic field polarizations at both 50 and 60 Hz were used: linearly polarized (vertical); circularly polarized; and an elliptically polarized field. Magnetic field flux densities were set at 500, 100, 20 and 2 μT (rms) for the vertical field and at 500 μT (rms) for the rotating fields. No effect of magnetic field exposure was observed on either cell growth or the initial response of cell proliferation. Bioelectromagnetics 23:355–368, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Artificial static and geomagnetic field interrelated impact on cardiovascular regulation
Authors: Gmitrov Juraj , Ohkubo Chiyoji 
Published: October 2002

AbstractSpreading evidence suggests that environmental and artificial magnetic fields have a significant impact on cardiovascular system. The modulation of cardiovascular regulatory mechanisms may play a key role in observed effects. The objective was to study interrelated impacts of artificial static magnetic field (SMF) and natural geomagnetic field (GMF) on arterial baroreceptors. We studied baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) in conscious rabbits before and after 40 min of sham (n = 20) or application of Nd2‐Fe14‐B alloy magnets (n = 26) to the sinocarotid baroreceptor region in conjunction with GMF disturbance during the actual experiment, determined by K‐ and Ak‐indexes from a local geomagnetic observatory. SMF at the position of baroreceptors was 0.35 T. BRS was estimated from peak responses of mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate expressed as percentages of the resting values preceding each pair of pressure (phenylephrine) and depressor drug (nitroprusside) injections. We observed a significant increase in BRS for the nitroprusside depressor test (0.78 ± 0.1 vs. 1.15 ± 0.14 bpm/mmHg%, initial value vs. SMF exposure, P < .0002) and a tendency for phenylephrine pressor test to increase in BRS. Prior to SMF exposure, a significant positive correlation was found between actual K index values and MAP (t = 2.33, P = .025, n = 46) and a negative correlation of the K index with BRS (t = −3.6, P = .001, n = 46). After SMF exposure we observed attenuation of the geomagnetic disturbance induced a decrease in BRS. Clinical trials should be performed to support these results, but there is a strong expectation that 0.35 T SMF local exposure to sinocarotid baroreceptors will be effective in cardiovascular conditions with arterial hypertension and decreased BRS, due to a favorable SMF effect on the arterial baroreflex. Magnets to the sinocarotid triangle along with modification of the pharmacotherapy for hypertension should be especially effective on days with intense geomagnetic disturbance, in moderating sympathetic activation and baroreceptor dysfunction. Bioelectromagnetics 23:329–338, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
My favorite cell—Paramecium
Authors: Plattner Helmut 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA Paramecium cell has a stereotypically patterned surface, with regularly arranged cilia, dense‐core secretory vesicles and subplasmalemmal calcium stores. Less strikingly, there is also a patterning of molecules; for instance, some ion channels are restricted to certain regions of the cell surface. This design may explain very effective and selective responses, such as that to Ca2+ upon stimulation. It enables the cell to respond to a Ca2+ signal precisely secretion (exocytosis) or by changing its ciliary activity. These responses depend on the location and/or type of signal, even though these two target structures co‐exist side‐by‐side, and normally only limited overlap occurs between the different functions. Furthermore, the patterning of exocytotic sites and the possibility of synchronous exocytosis induction in the sub‐second time range have considerably facilitated analyses, and thus led to new concepts of exocytotic membrane fusion. It has been possible to dissect complicated events like overlapping Ca2+ fluxes produced from external sources and from internal stores. Since molecular genetic approaches have become available for Paramecium, many different gene products have been identified only some of which are known from “higher” eukaryotes. Although a variety of basic cellular functions are briefly addressed to demonstrate the uniqueness of this unicellular organism, this article focuses on exocytosis regulation. BioEssays 24:649–658, 2002. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Is human aging still mysterious enough to be left only to scientists?
Authors: de Grey Aubrey D.N.J. , Baynes John W. , Berd David , Heward Christopher B. , Pawelec Graham , Stock Gregory 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe feasibility of reversing human aging within a matter of decades has traditionally been dismissed by all professional biogerontologists, on the grounds that not only is aging still poorly understood, but also many of those aspects that we do understand are not reversible by any current or foreseeable therapeutic regimen. This broad consensus has recently been challenged by the publication, by five respected experimentalists in diverse subfields of biogerontology together with three of the present authors, of an article (Ann NY Acad Sci 959, 452–462) whose conclusion was that all the key components of mammalian aging are indeed amenable to substantial reversal (not merely retardation) in mice, with technology that has a reasonable prospect of being developed within about a decade. Translation of that panel of interventions to humans who are already alive, within a few decades thereafter, was deemed potentially feasible (though it was not claimed to be likely). If the prospect of controlling human aging within the foreseeable future cannot be categorically rejected, then it becomes a matter of personal significance to most people presently alive. Consequently, we suggest that serious public debate on this subject is now warranted, and we survey here several of the biological, social and political issues relating to it. BioEssays 24:667–676, 2002. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.