bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing the Frequency of Culture-Positive Late Onset Sepsis With the Use of Ceftazidime Versus Cefotaxime in the NICU
Authors: Salter Jenna , Tran Van , Bastawrous David , Nuibe Andrew 
Published: October 2023

OBJECTIVE
As broader spectrum antibiotics have been associated with adverse effects, our study evaluated whether the frequency of culture-positive late-onset sepsis (LOS) and multidrug resistant (MDR) infections were increased with the use of ceftazidime as compared with cefotaxime in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).

METHODS
This was a multihospital, retrospective chart review of patients who received at least 24 hours of ceftazidime or cefotaxime in the NICU between December 1, 2012 and August 31, 2021. Patients were excluded from analysis if they expired during the admission, had an incomplete history, positive cultures for an MDR infection prior to receiving either antibiotic, or received the alternate antibiotic within the same treatment course.

RESULTS
A total of 334 patients were included for analysis (ceftazidime, n = 147; cefotaxime, n = 187). The average birth weight was lower in the ceftazidime cohort compared with the cefotaxime cohort [1.46 kg (95% CI, 1.29–1.63 kg) versus 1.93 kg (95% CI, 1.75–2.11 kg), p = 0.0002] with a corresponding lower gestational age [28.9 weeks (95% CI, 28.0–29.9 weeks) versus 31.7 weeks (95% CI, 30.8–32.6 weeks), p = 0.0001]. Adjusting for baseline differences showed a protective effect for ceftazidime (OR = 0.32; 95% CI, 0.16–0.62; p = 0.0009). There was no statistically significant difference in the frequency of MDR infections between the cohorts (OR = 0.25; 95% CI, 0.053–1.14; p = 0.07), however this study was underpowered to detect the difference noted.

CONCLUSIONS
Ceftazidime appears to be a safe and effective alternative treatment option compared with cefotaxime in the NICU with no increase in the risk of culture-positive LOS or MDR infections.
TRABALHO ANALOGO A ESCRAVIDÃO NO ÂMBITO DAS TRABALHADORAS DOMÉSTICAS
Authors: Gomes Gusmão Hemilly , Lorrany Gomes Da Silva Souza Stefany , De Campos Araújo Amanda , Felipe Da Silva Karyny 
Published: October 2023

Este artigo demonstra a necessidade de se explorar o tema relativo ao trabalho escravo, que surgiu há muitos anos e permanece hoje, ainda após a abolição desde 13 de maio de 1888, arraigado na sociedade brasileira. Atualmente esse é denominado trabalho escravo contemporâneo ou trabalho análogo à escravidão, tendo ainda como característica essencial a degradação da dignidade da pessoa humana. Como objetivo geral, o estudo busca explorar o trabalho doméstico, em todo o universo que envolve as mulheres de classe baixa e com pouco acesso à informação, compreendê-lo a partir do contexto histórico da escravidão no país, conceituar e distinguir entre escravidão colonial e escravidão contemporânea, tendo em conta os direitos e garantias de todos, especialmente a dignidade da pessoa humana. Também é importante notar que, apesar das dificuldades para combater essa prática, o Brasil está lutando e aos poucos, busca erradicar a escravidão de seu território.
The Role of Higher Education and Training in Entrepreneurial Development in Afghanistan
Authors: Naveer Mohammad 
Published: October 2023

Education and training stand as pivotal factors in the growth and development of entrepreneurship, capturing global attention. Various studies have demonstrated that entrepreneurial traits are predominantly acquired rather than inherited, underscoring the current emphasis on entrepreneurship education. Today, entrepreneurial education has become one of the most crucial and widespread activities within educational institutions, especially universities, worldwide. Given the substantial impact of entrepreneurship on economic and social development, governments invest considerable efforts in providing entrepreneurial education to their populace. In recent years, Afghanistan has witnessed significant endeavors by institutions and universities, establishing entrepreneurial centers and conducting various educational programs for students.
This article, based on qualitative data and employing a descriptive research method, endeavors to explore the significant role and influence of higher education and training in entrepreneurial development within the country. The research aims to shed light on the intersection of education and entrepreneurship, addressing topics such as the definition of entrepreneurship, the importance and necessity of entrepreneurship education, research objectives, questions, and hypotheses, the goals of entrepreneurial education, the need for entrepreneurship courses in universities, universities' objectives in promoting entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial characteristics of universities, social and cultural indicators of entrepreneurship at the university level. Finally, the study concludes with findings and recommendations.
Hubungan Keseimbangan Terhadap Hasil Sepak Sila Dalam Permainan Sepak Takraw Pada Mahasiswa Penjaskesrek Unisi
Authors: Erhas R. Desfrianto 
Published: October 2023

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui sejauh mana hubungan keseimbangan terhadap hasil sepak sila dalam permainan sepak takraw pada mahasiswa Penjaskesrek Universitas Islam Indragiri. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian korelasional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa Penjaskesrek Universitas Islam Indragiri yang berjumlah 17 mahasiswa sedangkan sampel penelitian diambil berdasarkan teknik total sampling dimana seluruh populasi dijadikan sampel penleitian. Instrument dan Teknik analisis data yang digunakan berdasarkan metode statistik yaitu menggunakan rumus korelasi product moment dan korelasi ganda. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa korfisien korelasi rxy = 0,930 > r table = 0,482 (hipotesis penelitian diterima) dan signifikan korelasi distribusi t menunjukkan (thitung = 9,782) > (ttable = 1,753) dengan demikian maka Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima (signifikan). Oleh karena itu dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara keseimbangan dengan hasil sepak sila dalam permainan sepak takraw.
Effects of Parental Migration on the Education Outcome of their Children: A Case of Sukuma Society in Tanzania
Authors: Gervas Imelda , Kalungwizi Vituce Jelacy , Lweyemamu Deus 
Published: October 2023

The Purpose: To investigate the effects of parents’ migration on the schooling and education outcome of their children. The study was guided by three specific objectives, namely: (i) to find out the effects of parent migration on children's academic performance. (ii) to determine the awareness of immigrant parents towards their children academic outcome and lastly (iii) to analyze the strategies taken by different stakeholders to reduce the negative effect of migration towards children schooling and academic performance.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried in Ifakala District in Morogoro region in Tanzania from October 2022 to May 2023.
The Study Design: The study adopted a qualitative research approach with a case study design.
Research Methodology: Simple randomly sampling techniques with a total of 40 respondents were used to get the respondents. Interview, questionnaire and documentary review were used to get the desired information from the selected respondents. Questionnaire approach in data collection was used to collect information asking open ended questions to the respondents. The quantitative data were collected using interviews and analyzed using descriptive statistics to determine frequency, and percentage. Data gathered was presented in tables computed using Microsoft excel.
Results: With regards to specific objectives of this study, findings of the study showed that the main effects of parents’ migration on their children among Sukuma society at Morogoro Region are, truancy, drop out from school, poverty, health problem, additional responsibility, suscept to victims of crime, lack of appropriate care and low self-esteem and emotional difficult. It was concluded that the government should put some strategies which can help the parents to overcome the effects of parents’ migration to their children’ academic outcome through educating parents on how to live with their children and motivate in their academic performance at school.
MAPPING THE BACKLASH AGAINST WOMEN’S RIGHTS AND GENDER JUSTICE IN THE BOLSONARO ERA (2019-2022)
Authors: Sardenberg Cecília , Mano Maíra Kubik , Sacchet Teresa 
Published: October 2023

In January, 2020, the Nucleus of Interdisciplinary Studies on Women – NEIM, of the Federal University of Bahia, initiated a new partnership with the Institute of Development Studies – IDS, and a group of other institutions, to develop the action-research program, Countering the Backlash project, Reclaiming Gender Justice, in our countries. One of the venues of this research was the mapping of policies and practices regarding these issues throughout the life of the program (which, given the delays caused by the Covid 19 pandemics, will run for six years). Thus, after undertaking a literature review of such issues in Brazil, we chose to map and analyze four areas in which the backlash – and the counter-backlash – against women’s rights and gender justice have been especially intense during the period of the Bolsonaro government in Brazil (2019-2023): a) conditional cash transfers; sexual and reproductive rights; gender-based violence; and education and culture (Sardenberg; Mano; Sacchet, 2020). In this report, we bring an updating of policies and practices on these issues, covering the period between May, 2021, through July, 2022. This corresponds still to the period of the Covid-19 pandemics, but one in which vaccines to combat it were available and applied free of cost to all the population that sought it. Yet, as we shall see ahead, it was a period still marked by unemployment, famine, increased rates of violence against women, particularly domestic violence, and an anti-gender standing on the part of government and institutional violence against women’s sexual and reproductive rights
Exploratory Tau Biomarker Results From a Multiple Ascending-Dose Study of BIIB080 in Alzheimer Disease
Authors: Edwards Amanda L. , Collins Jessica A. , Junge Candice , Kordasiewicz Holly , Mignon Laurence , Wu Shuang , Li Yumeng , Lin Lin , DuBois Jonathan , Hutchison R. Matthew , Ziogas Nick , Shulman Melanie , Martarello Laurent , Graham Danielle , Lane Roger , Budd Haeberlein Samantha , Beaver John 
Published: October 2023

ImportanceAccumulation of hyperphosphorylated, tangled microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) is a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer disease (AD) associated with disease progression and cognitive decline.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of tau synthesis reduction on tau biomarkers in patients with mild AD.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis randomized clinical trial was a double-blind, placebo-controlled 36-week multiple-ascending dose (MAD) phase 1b trial (October 2017 to September 2020), followed by a 64- or 71-week open-label long-term extension (LTE) (October 2019 to May 2022). After being assessed for eligibility at 12 sites in Canada and Europe, participants with mild AD and confirmed amyloid pathology were randomized 3:1 (BIIB080:placebo) in 4 dose cohorts.InterventionIntrathecal administration of BIIB080, a MAPT-targeting antisense oligonucleotide, or placebo. Active dose arms included 10 mg every 4 weeks, 30 mg every 4 weeks, 60 mg every 4 weeks, and 115 mg every 12 weeks during the MAD period and 60 mg every 12 weeks or 115 mg every 12 weeks during the LTE.Main Outcome and MeasuresThe original primary end point was safety. Additionally, BIIB080, total tau (t-tau), and phosphorylated tau 181 (p-tau181) cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations were evaluated. Tau positron emission tomography (PET) was collected in a substudy, and standard uptake value ratios (SUVRs) were calculated in a priori-defined composite regions of interest.ResultsOf 102 participants assessed for eligibility, 46 participants with mild AD were enrolled; 23 (50%) were female, and mean (SD) age was 65.8 (5.70) years. BIIB080 was generally well tolerated and was associated with a dose-dependent reduction in CSF t-tau and p-tau181 in the MAD period (56% reduction; 95% CI, 50% to 62%; and 51% reduction; 95% CI, 38% to 63%, of CSF t-tau in the 2 higher-dose cohorts) that continued and/or was maintained through quarterly dosing in the LTE. Tau PET demonstrated reduced accumulation vs placebo at week 25 (n = 13). At week 100, tau PET showed a reduction from baseline across all regions assessed (n = 12), with the largest reductions from baseline observed in the temporal composite (−0.71 SUVR; 95% CI, −1.40 to −0.02). A moderate correlation was observed between model-predicted cumulative CSF drug exposure and tau PET change.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this randomized clinical trial, BIIB080 reduced tau biomarkers, including CSF t-tau, CSF p-tau181, and tau PET, which is associated with cognitive decline, in participants with mild AD. Effects of BIIB080 on biomarkers and clinical outcomes are being further evaluated in a phase 2 trial.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03186989
Nanobdellia
Authors: Kato Shingo , Itoh Takashi , Ohkuma Moriya 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Na.no.bdel'li.a. N.L. fem. n.
Nanobdella
, the type genus of the type order of the class; L. neut. pl. n. suff. ‐
ia
, ending to denote a class; N.L. neut. pl. n.
Nanobdellia
, the class
Nanobdella
.

Nanobdellota / Nanobdellia

Currently,
Nanobdellia
(formerly called “
Nanoarchaeia
”) contains solely the order with the validly published name
Nanobdellales
and several order‐level clades of uncultured archaea. Cultivated members of this class are obligate symbionts, only growing in coculture with their specific archaeal hosts. Depending on their hosts, they grow under aerobic or anaerobic conditions. Cells are small cocci and occur singly or attached to the cell surface of their hosts. The genome size of the members of this order range between 0.49 and 0.67 Mb.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 24.2–32.2.

Type order
:
Nanobdellales
Kato et al. 2022
VP
.
Nanobdellaceae
Authors: Kato Shingo , Itoh Takashi , Ohkuma Moriya 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Na.no.bdel.la.ce'ae. N.L. fem. n.
Nanobdella
, the type genus of the family; L. fem. pl. n. suff. ‐
aceae
, ending to denote a family; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Nanobdellaceae
, the family
Nanobdella
.

Nanobdellota / Nanobdellia / Nanobdellales / Nanobdellaceae

Currently,
Nanobdellaceae
is the sole family of the order
Nanobdellales
and contains the sole genus
Nanobdella
including the only species with a validly published name,
Nanobdella aerobiophila
. Based on phylogenetic analysis, the genera
“Nanopusillus”
and “
Nanoclepta
” should be included in this family. Although these genera were described earlier than
Nanobdella
, their names have not been validly published. Thus, these genera cannot serve as the nomenclatural types of the higher taxa. Members of this family are obligately symbiotic, only growing in coculture with their specific archaeal hosts. Depending on their hosts, they grow under aerobic or anaerobic conditions. Cells are small cocci and occur singly or attached to the cell surface of their hosts. The genome size of the members of this family range between 0.58 and 0.67 Mb.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 24.2–32.2.

Type genus
:
Nanobdella
Kato et al. 2022
VP
.
Anatilimnocola
Authors: Dedysh Svetlana N. , Ivanova Anastasia A. , Kulichevskaya Irina S. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

A.na.ti.lim.no'co.la. L. fem. n.
anas
, duck; Gr. fem. n.
limnê
, water, ditch; L. masc./fem. n. suff.
‐cola
, an inhabitant, dweller; N.L. fem. n.
Anatilimnocola
, an inhabitant of a duck pond.

Planctomycetota / Planctomycetia / Pirellulales / Pirellulaceae / Anatilimnocola

The genus
Anatilimnocola
accommodates bacteria with a Gram‐stain‐negative cell envelope and ellipsoidal‐ to pear‐shaped cells, which occur singly, in pairs, in aggregates, or in characteristic flower‐shaped rosettes. Cell division occurs by means of polar budding; daughter cells are motile, while mature cells are nonmotile. Cells are covered by bundles of fimbriae; crateriform‐like structures are distributed on a reproductive cell pole. Stalks are not formed. Colonies are small and unpigmented. These bacteria are mesophilic aerobic chemoorganotrophs, which utilize sugars and some polysaccharides. The major fatty acids are C
18:1
ω9
c
, C
16:0
, and C
16:1
ω7
c
. The major polar lipids are diacylglyceryl‐(
N
,
N
,
N
)‐trimethylhomoserine lipids. The genus belongs to the phylum
Planctomycetota
, class
Planctomycetia,
order
Pirellulales
, and family
Pirellulaceae
. The type species is
Anatilimnocola aggregata
. The main habitats of these bacteria are eutrophic freshwater bodies.

DNA G
+
C content
(
mol%
): 57.8 (genome sequence).

Type species
:
Anatilimnocola aggregata
Kallscheuer et al. 2021, VL208.
Nanobdellales
Authors: Kato Shingo , Itoh Takashi , Ohkuma Moriya 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Na.no.bdel.la'les. N.L. fem. n.
Nanobdella
, the type genus of the order; L. fem. pl. n. suff. ‐
ales
, ending to denote an order; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Nanobdellales
, the order
Nanobdella
.

Nanobdellota / Nanobdellia / Nanobdellales

Currently,
Nanobdellales
is the sole order of the class
Nanobdellia
. This order contains the validly named family
Nanobdellaceae
and the family “
Nanoarchaeaceae
,” whose name has not been validated, as supported by phylogenetic analysis. Members of this order are obligately symbiotic, only growing in coculture with their specific archaeal hosts. Depending on their hosts, they grow under aerobic or anaerobic conditions. Cells are small cocci and occur singly or attached to the cell surface of their hosts. The genome size of the members of this order range between 0.49 and 0.67 Mb.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 24.2–32.2.

Type genus
:
Nanobdella
Kato et al. 2022
VP
.
Serum neurofilament light chain and cognition decline in US elderly: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Liu Xiaodong , Chen Jun , Meng Chen , Zhou Lan , Liu Yong 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveEarly identification of cognitive impairment in neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD) is crucial. Neurofilament, a potential biomarker for neurological disorders, has gained attention. Our study aims to investigate the relationship between serum neurofilament light (sNfL) levels and cognitive function in elderly individuals in the United States.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study analyzed data from participants aged 60 and above in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013–2014). We collected sNfL levels, cognitive function tests, sociodemographic characteristics, comorbidities, and other variables. Weighted multiple linear regression models examined the relationship between ln(sNfL) and cognitive scores. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) visualization explored nonlinear relationships. The stratified analysis examined subgroups' ln(sNfL) and cognitive function association.ResultsThe study included 446 participants (47.73% male). Participants with ln(sNfL) levels between 2.58 and 2.81 pg/mL (second quintile) performed relatively well in cognitive tests. After adjusting for multiple factors, ln(sNfL) levels were negatively correlated with cognitive function, with adjusted β (95% CI) as follows: immediate recall test (IRT): −0.763 (−1.301 to −0.224), delayed recall test (DRT): −0.308 (−0.576 to −0.04), animal fluency test (AFT): −1.616 (−2.639 to −0.594), and digit symbol substitution test (DSST): −2.790 (−4.369 to −1.21). RCS curves showed nonlinear relationships between ln(sNfL) and DRT, AFT, with inflection points around 2.7 pg/mL. The stratified analysis revealed a negative correlation between ln(sNfL) and cognition in specific subgroups with distinct features, with an interaction between diabetes and ln(sNfL).InterpretationHigher sNfL levels are associated with poorer cognitive function in the elderly population of the United States. sNfL shows promise as a potential biomarker for early identification of cognitive decline.
Semitransparent Perovskite Solar Cells with an Evaporated Ultra‐Thin Perovskite Absorber
Authors: Zhang Zongbao , Ji Ran , Jia Xiangkun , Wang Shu‐Jen , Deconinck Marielle , Siliavka Elena , Vaynzof Yana 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMetal halide perovskites are of great interest for application in semitransparent solar cells due to their tunable bandgap and high performance. However, fabricating high‐efficiency perovskite semitransparent devices with high average visible transmittance (AVT) is challenging because of their high absorption coefficient. Here, a co‐evaporation process is adopted to fabricate ultra‐thin CsPbI3 perovskite films. The smooth surface and orientated crystal growth of the evaporated perovskite films make it possible to achieve 10 nm thin films with compact and continuous morphology without pinholes. When integrated into a p‐i‐n device structure of glass/ITO/PTAA/perovskite/PCBM/BCP/Al/Ag with an optimized transparent electrode, these ultra‐thin layers result in an impressive open‐circuit voltage (VOC) of 1.08 V and a fill factor (FF) of 80%. Consequently, a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 3.6% with an AVT above 50% is demonstrated, which is the first report for a perovskite device of a 10 nm active layer thickness with high VOC, FF and AVT. These findings demonstrate that deposition by thermal evaporation makes it possible to form compact ultra‐thin perovskite films, which are of great interest for future smart windows, light‐emitting diodes, and tandem device applications.
Time Transients with Inductive Loop Traces in Metal Halide Perovskites
Authors: Hernández‐Balaguera Enrique , Bisquert Juan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMetal halide perovskites are archetypal ionic‐electronic materials with great prospects for optoelectronic applications. Among the rich variety of physics exhibited by ionic‐electronic conduction, here, those most relevant to optoelectronic devices in which ionic mechanisms introduce a kinetic delay in the electronic phenomena are analyzed. The attention is focused on the inductive loop features and a dynamical model is developed to describe the corresponding complex multiscale dynamics in the time domain under experimental conditions, finally explaining the fundamental structure of the current transient responses in halide perovskite semiconductors. Based on complex capacitive and inductive patterns extensively studied in impedance measurements, an adequate interpretation of time domain methods capable of monitoring charge‐carrier dynamics is produced. Therefore, this methodology identifies the characteristic parameters of all types of transient dynamics in metal halide perovskites, providing a suitable connection of correlated techniques, including impedance and chronoamperometric experiments, toward a robust interpretation of the device response. The scope of the method is fairly general, since these counterintuitive transient effects are observable not only in metal halide perovskites, but also in multiple materials and processes, mainly in different research fields pertaining to electrochemistry and electronics.