bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiation exposure during sacral neuromodulation lead placement: Multi‐institutional descriptive study
Authors: Burns Ramzy T. , Orzel Joanna , Wadensweiler Paul , Kenne Kimberly , Nakastuka Hannah , Kovacevic Natalija , Aswani Yashant , Ann Gormley E. , Padamanabhan Priya , Powell Charles R. , Vollstedt Annah , Takacs Elizabeth 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectivesFluoroscopy has significantly improved lead placement and decreased surgical time for implantable sacral neuromodulation (SNM). There is a paucity of data regarding radiation and safety of fluoroscopy during SNM procedures. Our study aims to characterize fluoroscopy time and dose used during SNM surgery across multiple institutions and assess for predictors of increased fluoroscopy time and radiation dose.MethodsElectronic medical records were queried for SNM procedures (Stage 1 and full implant) from 2016 to 2021 at four academic institutions. Demographic, clinical, and intraoperative data were collected, including fluoroscopy time and radiation dose in milligray (mGy). The data were entered into a centralized REDCap database. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed to assess for predictive factors using STATA/BE 17.0.ResultsA total of 664 procedures were performed across four institutions. Of these, 363 (54.6%) procedures had complete fluoroscopy details recorded. Mean surgical time was 58.8 min. Of all procedures, 79.6% were performed by Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery specialists. There was significant variability in fluoroscopy time and dose based on surgical specialty and institution. Most surgeons (76.4%) were considered “low volume” implanters. In a multivariate analysis, bilateral finder needle testing, surgical indication, surgeon volume, and institution significantly predicted increased fluoroscopy time and radiation dose (p < 0.05).ConclusionsThere is significant variability in fluoroscopy time and radiation dose utilized during SNM procedures, with differences across institutions, surgeons, and subspecialties. Increased radiation exposure can have harmful impacts on the surgical team and patient. These findings demonstrate the need for standardized fluoroscopy use during SNM procedures.
Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition criteria in older adults who are institutionalized: Agreement with the Subjective Global Assessment and its impact on 5‐year mortality
Authors: Graciano Guilherme F. , Souza Isabella R. , Correia Maria Isabel T. D. , Anastácio Lucilene R. , Santos Bárbara C. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to assess the prevalence of malnutrition according to Subjective Global Assessment (SGA), Mini Nutritional Assessment–Full Form (MNA‐FF), and different combinations of the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria in older adults who are institutionalized, and the impact of malnutrition on 5‐year mortality.MethodsNutrition status was assessed by the SGA, MNA‐FF, and 15 GLIM criteria combinations. The Katz scale was used to assess the level of dependence. The SGA was considered the reference method, and the agreement (Kappa test), sensitivity, and specificity values were calculated for each GLIM criteria combination. The variables associated with 5‐year mortality were assessed using multivariate logistic regression models.ResultsOne hundred eleven participants (mean age: 81y; interquartile range: 76.0–87.0; 90.9% women) were included; the prevalence of malnutrition according to the SGA and MNA‐FF were 49.5% (n = 55) and 8.1% (n = 9), respectively. The prevalence of malnutrition varied from 1.8% to 36.0% considering GLIM combinations. Eight GLIM criteria combinations had a fair agreement with SGA (κ: 0.21–0.40), and two had sensitivity >80%. Regarding mortality, 43 participants (38.7%) died within 5 years. Malnutrition according to the SGA (odds ratio [OR]: 2.82; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06–7.46) and the Katz scale score (OR: 4.64; 95% CI:1.84–11.70) were independent predictors of mortality.ConclusionThe prevalence of malnutrition varied according to the assessment tools. Malnutrition diagnosed by the SGA, but not by the GLIM criteria or MNA‐FF, was associated with 5‐year mortality in older adults who were institutionalized.
Computational multiphase micro‐periporomechanics for dynamic shear banding and fracturing of unsaturated porous media
Authors: Pashazad Hossein , Song Xiaoyu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDynamic shearing banding and fracturing in unsaturated porous media are significant problems in engineering and science. This article proposes a multiphase micro‐periporomechanics (PPM) paradigm for modeling dynamic shear banding and fracturing in unsaturated porous media. Periporomechanics (PPM) is a nonlocal reformulation of classical poromechanics to model continuous and discontinuous deformation/fracture and fluid flow in porous media through a single framework. In PPM, a multiphase porous material is postulated as a collection of a finite number of mixed material points. The length scale in PPM that dictates the nonlocal interaction between material points is a mathematical object that lacks a direct physical meaning. As a novelty, in the coupled PPM, a microstructure‐based material length scale is incorporated by considering micro‐rotations of the solid skeleton following the Cosserat continuum theory for solids. As a new contribution, we reformulate the second‐order work for detecting material instability and the energy‐based crack criterion and J‐integral for modeling fracturing in the PPM paradigm. The stabilized Cosserat PPM correspondence principle that mitigates the multiphase zero‐energy mode instability is augmented to include unsaturated fluid flow. We have numerically implemented the novel PPM paradigm through a dual‐way fractional‐step algorithm in time and a hybrid Lagrangian–Eulerian meshfree method in space. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the robustness and efficacy of the proposed PPM paradigm for modeling shear banding and fracturing in unsaturated porous media.
Transverse shear parametrization in hierarchic large rotation shell formulations
Authors: Thierer Rebecca , Oesterle Bastian , Ramm Ekkehard , Bischoff Manfred 
Published: February 2024

AbstractConsistent treatment of large rotations in common Reissner–Mindlin formulations is a complicated task. Reissner–Mindlin formulations that use a hierarchic parametrization provide an elegant way to facilitate large rotation shell analyses. This can be achieved by the assumption of linearized transverse shear strains, resulting in an additive split of strain components, which technically simplifies implementation of corresponding shell finite elements. The present study aims at validating this assumption by systematically comparing numerical solutions with those of a newly implemented hierarchic and fully nonlinear Reissner–Mindlin shell element.
Effects of love glove application on vital signs for COVID‐19 patients in the intensive care unit
Authors: Karaman Funda , Genc Asli , Yerebakan Sen Ayse Nur , Rashidi Mahruk , Yildirim Gulay , Unsal Jafarov Gulsah , Acar Rabia , Saygin Sahin Buse 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimTo evaluate the effects of love glove application on vital signs for COVID‐19 patients in the intensive care unit.DesignA single‐group pretest‐posttest quasi‐experimental design was used. TREND Statement Checklist was followed during the present study.MethodsThe study was conducted on 30 intubated/extubated adult patients. The gloves were filled with warm water and air to prevent pressure injuries. Then they were tied together and applied to both hands of the patient for 30 min. The patient's vital signs were recorded before and after the application. A Wilcoxon signed‐rank test was performed.ResultsIt was determined that respiratory rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and oxygen saturation were significantly affected after the application of the love glove. The application of love gloves is a cheap and non‐pharmacological method with no side effects.Patient or Public ContributionPatients were involved in the design and conduct of this study.
How urbanization is shifting the context of nature experiences from economic to recreational
Authors: Aschenbrand Erik 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

With increasing global urbanization, the proportion of the world's population engaged in the primary sector of the economy continues to decrease, leading to significant changes in the experience of nature (EoN). As a result, not only are opportunities for EoN reduced, but they are shifting structurally because the proportion of nature experiences that take place in leisure time increases relative to that which takes place in a work and production context.

In order to understand the implications of this structural change, a new typology is introduced that defines experiences of nature by considering their social context: economic and recreational EoN.

Economic EoN is predominantly purpose‐oriented, while recreational EoN is primarily experience‐driven. Compared to economic EoN, recreational EoN often requires less skill and knowledge while relying on stereotypical constructs of nature, demonstrated, for example, by traditional land uses and tourism, respectively. As urbanization continues, the proportion of recreational nature experiences will continue to increase, raising an important question: How can the experience‐driven, recreational relation to nature contribute to long‐term engagement and responsible stewardship?

Long‐term engagement is evident in leisurely behaviour where people pursue hobbies. In urban societies, many people invest a considerable amount of time and material resources in their hobbies, while developing specific skill sets and acquiring extensive knowledge in the process. Furthermore, nature‐related hobbies enable the transformation of irrelevant economic EoN into meaningful recreational EoN, allowing the emergence of an individual perspective on and a lasting relationship with nature, as well as creating a skill‐based sense of place.

Policy implications: As traditional economic EoN diminish and becomes irrelevant during the urbanization process, hobbies can help preserve ecological knowledge and skills with recreational EoN. Protected areas and other organizations curating nature experiences should create and promote experiences that relate to nature‐based hobbies and focus on supporting skill development.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Temporal trends of splenectomy in pediatric hospitalizations with hereditary spherocytosis from 2000 to 2019: A national survey
Authors: Guizzetti Leonardo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundTotal and partial splenectomy are used in pediatric patients with hereditary spherocytosis to resolve anemia and hemolytic complications.ProcedureData from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project's Kid's Inpatient Database was used to profile and describe temporal trends in pediatric (≤18 years) hospital admissions in the United States from 2000 to 2019 data release years. Survey sampling methods were used to produce national estimates.ResultsFrom 2000 to 2019, the use of splenectomy declined overall, from 427 to 206 weighted procedures (difference = 222, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 124–320; p < .0001); the risk of undergoing splenectomy during admission also declined from 56.7% to 38.7% (risk difference = 17.9 percentage points [p.p.], 95% CI: 9.7–26.1; p < .0001). Total splenectomy was mostly used. Age at time of splenectomy increased 10.2 years (difference = 1.6 years, 95% CI: 0.6–2.7; p = .0018). The risk of splenectomy increased with age until 10 years, then leveled off until 18 years. The proportion of children aged ≤5 years undergoing splenectomy decreased from 27.7% to 11.2% in 2019 (risk difference: 16.5 p.p., 95% CI: 7.3–25.7; p = .0004). The strongest clinical predictors of splenectomy, adjusting for patient‐ and hospital‐level characteristics, were a co‐diagnosis of symptomatic cholelithiasis (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 3.18, 95% CI: 1.92–5.28; p < .0001) and splenomegaly or hypersplenism (aOR = 2.52, 95% CI: 1.74–3.65; p < .0001). Risk of splenectomy with splenomegaly or hypersplenism increased over time.ConclusionSplenectomy was delayed until age greater than 10 years. Older age, co‐diagnosis with splenomegaly or hypersplenism, or symptomatic cholelithiasis were strongest clinical predictors of splenectomy. Conservative management of hereditary spherocytosis appears to be more common.
Successful use of tacrolimus for treatment‐refractory neuroblastoma‐associated opsoclonus‐myoclonus‐ataxia syndrome: A case series
Authors: Delap Sara , Shah Nilay , Kuns Olivia , Franklin Bianca , Skeens Micah A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractOpsoclonus‐myoclonus‐ataxia syndrome (OMAS) is an autoimmune central nervous system disorder, primarily manifesting as a paraneoplastic sequalae to neuroblastoma, and characterized by motor disorders and behavioral disturbances. OMAS is typified by aberrant B‐cell and T‐cell activation. Current treatment involves immunosuppression using corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin, and rituximab. However, these approaches often lead to treatment‐related toxicities and symptomatic recurrences with chronic neurocognitive impairment. We treated three children with refractory neuroblastoma‐associated OMAS with tacrolimus, a T‐cell‐targeting calcineurin inhibitor, effectively controlling symptoms within a month and enabling the discontinuation of immunosuppression with minimal side effects. Tacrolimus shows promise as a therapeutic option for refractory OMAS.
Saturated transverse permeability of unidirectional rovings for pultrusion: The effect of microstructural evolution through compaction
Authors: Yuksel Onur , Caglar Baris , Broggi Guillaume , Michaud Véronique , Akkerman Remko , Baran Ismet 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe transverse permeability of roving/tow‐based fiber reinforcement is of great importance for accurate flow modeling in the pultrusion process. This study proposes an experimental approach to characterize the roving‐based fiber beds' permeability under different compaction conditions. The experimental permeability results of thick roving‐based preforms were reported and compared with the permeability values of roving‐based preforms in the literature. A representative preform was infused under vacuum conditions. Its thickness was varied to replicate the different compaction values observed in permeability tests. Micrographs were then collected from it and analyzed to highlight the microscale transformations caused by processing/compaction on the fiber arrangement. The analysis revealed that compaction resulted in the reorganization of filaments along the direction of the applied compaction. Overall, the uniformity of the spatial filament distribution, i.e., the homogeneity within the fibrous domain, increased with increasing compaction. Furthermore, the microstructural analysis demonstrated transverse anisotropy within the tested domains, indicating that the obtained permeability results represented an upper boundary. In addition to the experimental analyses, various transverse permeability models, which were developed based on recently introduced statistical descriptors of fiber distribution, were evaluated by using the statistical descriptors extracted from the analyzed cross‐sections. Among these models, the one correlating the second neighbor fiber distance with apparent permeability exhibited good agreement with the experimental results.Highlights
Transverse permeability measurement of a roving‐based reinforcement was presented.
The influence of compaction on the microstructure was investigated at the filament level.
Filament distribution in a pultruded profile was analyzed by using statistical descriptors.
The results of the experiments and the models in the literature were compared.
The correlation between microstructural features and apparent permeability was discussed.
Use of positive end‐expiratory pressure (20 cmH2O) for 60 s during elective heart surgery: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Mafalda Fiorin Ana Amália , Schneider Juliana , Berwanger Silvana Agnolleto , Borghi‐Silva Audrey , Winkelmann Eliane Roseli 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundAlthough lung expansion therapy with positive end‐expiratory pressure (PEEP) following heart surgery is associated with positive clinical outcomes, whether such therapy can improve oxygenation and diminish the occurrence of lung complications when performed during heart surgery with extracorporeal circulation (ECC) is not yet clear.ObjectiveAnalyze the impact of lung expansion therapy with PEEP at 20 cmH2O for 60 s during elective heart surgery.MethodsA randomized clinical trial was conducted. The experimental group (EG) (n = 27) received PEEP at 20 cmH2O for 60 s during heart surgery at the moment in which ECC was ended. No intraoperative maneuver was performed in the control group (CG) (n = 15).ResultsThe incidence of atelectasis upon hospitalization and the pre‐maneuver oxygenation index (PaO2/FiO2) were similar between the groups. A lower incidence of atelectasis in the immediate postoperative period (7.4%, p = 0.03) and shorter time on noninvasive mechanical ventilation (TNIMV) (5.78 ± 2.54, p = 0.01) were found in the EG compared with the CG.ConclusionsThe application of PEEP at 20 cmH2O for 60 s during heart surgery reduces the incidence of atelectasis in the immediate postoperative period and shortens the TNIMV. This maneuver proved to be safe, with no adverse events.
Identification and RNAi‐based function analysis of trehalase family genes in Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande)
Authors: Zheng Xiaobin , Yuan Jiangjiang , Qian Kanghua , Tang Yingxi , Wang Jing , Zhang Ying , Feng Jiuming , Cao Hongyi , Xu Baoyun , Zhang Youjun , Liang Pei , Wu Qingjun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDInsects utilize trehalases (TREs) to regulate energy metabolism and chitin biosynthesis, which are essential for their growth, development, and reproduction. TREs can therefore be used as potential targets for future insecticide development. However, the roles of TREs in Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), a serious widespread agricultural pest, remain unclear.RESULTSThree TRE genes were identified in F. occidentalis and cloned, and their functions were then investigated via feeding RNA interference (RNAi) and virus‐induced gene silencing (VIGS) assays. The results showed that silencing FoTRE1‐1 or FoTRE1‐2 significantly decreased expression levels of FoGFAT, FoPGM, FoUAP, and FoCHS, which are members of the chitin biosynthesis pathway. Silencing FoTRE1‐1 or FoTRE2 significantly down‐regulated FoPFK and FoPK, which are members of the energy metabolism pathway. These changes resulted in 2‐fold decreases in glucose and glycogen content, 2‐fold increases in trehalose content, and 1.5‐ to 2.0‐fold decreases in chitinase activity. Furthermore, knocking down FoTRE1‐1 or FoTRE1‐2 resulted in deformed nymphs and pupae as a result of hindered molting. The VIGS assay for the three FoTREs revealed that FoTRE1‐1 or FoTRE2 caused shortened ovarioles, and reduced egg‐laying and hatching rates.CONCLUSIONThe results suggest that FoTRE1‐1 and FoTRE1‐2 play important roles in the growth and development of F. occidentalis, while FoTRE1‐1 and FoTRE2 are essential for its reproduction. These three genes could be candidate targets for RNAi‐based management and control of this destructive agricultural pest. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Effects of thiamethoxam on physiological and molecular responses to potato plant (Solanum tuberosum), green peach aphid (Myzus persicae), and parasitoid (Aphidius gifuensis)
Authors: Khurshid Aroosa , Inayat Rehan , Basit Abdul , Mobarak Syed Husne , Gui Shun‐Hua , Liu Tong‐Xian 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDTo improve integrated pest management (IPM) performance it is essential to assess pesticide side effects on host plants, insect pests, and natural enemies. The green peach aphid (Myzus persicae Sulzer) is a major insect pest that attacks various crops. Aphidius gifuensis is an essential natural enemy of M. persicae that has been applied effectively in controlling M. persicae. Thiamethoxam is a neonicotinoid pesticide widely used against insect pests.RESULTSThe current study showed the effect of thiamethoxam against Solanum tuberosum, M. persicae, and A. gefiuensis and the physiological and molecular response of the plants, aphids, and parasitoids after thiamethoxam application. Thiamethoxam affected the physical parameters of S. tuberosum and generated a variety of sublethal effects on M. persicae and A. gefiuensis, including nymph development time, adult longevity, and fertility. Our results showed that different thiamethoxam concentrations [0.1, 0.5, and 0.9 μm active ingredient (a.i.)/L] on different time durations (2, 6, and 10 days) increased the antioxidant enzyme activities SOD, POD, and CAT of S. tuberosum, M. persicae, and A. gefiuensis significantly compared with the control. Our results also showed that different thiamethoxam concentrations (0.1, 0.5, and 0.9 μm a.i./L) on different time durations (2, 6, and 10 days) increased the expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), carboxylesterase (CarE) and glutathione‐S‐transferase (GST) genes of S. tuberosum, M. persicae, and A. gefiuensis compared with the control.CONCLUSIONOur findings reveal that using thiamethoxam at suitable concentrations and time durations for host plants and natural enemies may enhance natural control through the conservation of natural enemies by overcoming any fitness disadvantages. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Technical assessment of mechanical and electronic traps to facilitate future improvements in trap efficacy and humaneness
Authors: Walther Bernd , Bohot André , Ennen Hendrik , Beilmann Paul , Schäper Oliver , Hantschke Peter , Werdin Sven , Jacob Jens 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDSnap traps and electronic traps are the main devices for nonchemical management of rodent pests. Traps should be efficient and should not cause unnecessary suffering of animals. Harmonized, systematic test methods are required to make sure that mechanical forces or electrical parameters are optimal to achieve swift unconsciousness and death. This study aimed to describe technical trap properties that can be used to facilitate future improvements in trap efficacy and humaneness.METHODSWe constructed a device to assess spring energy, triggering force, impulse and clamping force, and developed an arrangement to assess effective voltage, current, effective current and effective energy taking effect on rodent bodies in electronic traps – all without the use of animals. Descriptive data of trap characteristics were collated.RESULTSAll factors showed variability among snap trap models and trigger types, and there was considerable overlap between mouse and rat traps. For most trap models, there was no difference among new snap traps and traps that had been trigged 20 times. Effective current and effective energy decreased with lower voltage input, but the traps indicated weak battery by LED lights, and one model switched off automatically when voltage was insufficient.CONCLUSIONWith the device and the electronic arrangement, the majority of snap trap models and electronic traps available on the market can be assessed in a standardized and repeatable way. Matching the data generated in this study with data on time for trapped target animals to reach irreversible unconsciousness, and experiences from pest control practitioners, should allow relating properties of traps to efficacy and animal welfare issues. This can support further development and optimization of traps for nonchemical rodent pest control. © 2024 Julius Kuehn‐Institut and The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.