bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Delayed Diagnosis of Kawasaki Syndrome: An Analysis of the Problem
Authors: Anderson Marsha S. , Todd James K. , Glodé Mary P. 
Published: April 2005

Objective. Most pediatric providers in Colorado are familiar with Kawasaki syndrome (KS). However, in a recent outbreak, 30% of cases were diagnosed after illness day 10. We hypothesized that these children saw providers who were not familiar with KS, were given antibiotics for other diagnoses that delayed identification, had access-to-care issues, or presented atypically.Methods. A retrospective chart review of 106 consecutive KS cases seen at the Children's Hospital in Denver during 1994–2000 was conducted.Results. Twenty-five of 106 children (23.6%) were diagnosed after day 10 of illness (delayed-diagnosis group [DDG]), and these 25 cases were compared with 81 cases diagnosed on or before day 10 (early-diagnosis group [EDG]). There were no differences between patients in the DDG and EDG in age, gender, number of visits, specialty of the primary care physician, time to the first medical visit, number of antibiotics received, coronary artery abnormalities, white blood cell count, or erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Patients in the DDG had significantly more days of fever, rash, red eyes, and oral changes. A platelet count of &gt;450000/mm3 occurred more often in the DDG (56%) than the EDG (30%). After additional analysis, patients in the EDG had close clustering of symptom onset in the first few days of illness, but patients in the DDG had onset of symptoms scattered over 9 days. Patients in the DDG were 2.8 times more likely to have coronary artery aneurysms than patients in the EDG (DDG: 24%; EDG: 8.6%).Conclusions. Diagnosis after the 10th day of illness was not linked to type of medical provider, number of antibiotics received, or number of physician visits. Patients in the DDG exhibited the typical features of KS, but the onset of their symptoms was dispersed over time as opposed to the close clustering of symptoms in the EDG. Because coronary artery aneurysms occurred significantly more often in the patients in the DDG, more education is needed to teach health care providers to have a high index of suspicion for KS in young children presenting with fever/rash illnesses.
Oral Versus Vaginal Sex Among Adolescents: Perceptions, Attitudes, and Behavior
Authors: Halpern-Felsher Bonnie L. , Cornell Jodi L. , Kropp Rhonda Y. , Tschann Jeanne M. 
Published: April 2005

Objective. Despite studies indicating that a significant proportion of adolescents are having oral sex, the focus of most empirical studies and intervention efforts concerning adolescent sexuality have focused on vaginal intercourse. This narrow focus has created a void in our understanding of adolescents' perceptions of oral sex. This study is the first to investigate adolescents' perceptions of the health, social, and emotional consequences associated with having oral sex as compared with vaginal sex, as well as whether adolescents view oral sex as more acceptable and more prevalent than vaginal sex.Methods. Participants were 580 ethnically diverse ninth-grade adolescents (mean age: 14.54; 58% female) who participated in a longitudinal study on the relationship between risk and benefit perceptions and sexual activity. Participants completed a self-administered questionnaire that inquired about their sexual experiences and percent chance of experiencing outcomes from, attitudes toward, and perceived prevalence of oral versus vaginal sex among adolescents.Results. More study participants reported having had oral sex (19.6%) than vaginal sex (13.5%), and more participants intended to have oral sex in the next 6 months (31.5%) than vaginal sex (26.3%). Adolescents evaluated oral sex as significantly less risky than vaginal sex on health, social, and emotional consequences. Adolescents also believed that oral sex is more acceptable than vaginal sex for adolescents their own age in both dating and nondating situations, oral sex is less of a threat to their values and beliefs, and more of their peers will have oral sex than vaginal sex in the near future.Conclusions. Given that adolescents perceive oral sex as less risky, more prevalent, and more acceptable than vaginal sex, it stands to reason that adolescents are more likely to engage in oral sex. It is important that health care providers and others who work with youths recognize adolescents' views about oral sex and broaden their clinical preventive services to include screening, counseling, and education about oral sex.
Causes and Ways of Death in Patients With Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: van den Besselaar Boyd N. , Sewnaik Aniel , Hoesseini Arta , Dorr Maarten C. , Baatenburg de Jong Robert. J , Offerman Marinella P. J. 
Published: February 2024

ImportanceThere is limited literature on the exact causes and ways of death in patients with head and neck cancer. To provide optimal care, especially in the palliative phase, more information on this is needed.ObjectiveTo provide insights into the causes and ways of death among patients with head and neck cancer.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study included a consecutive population of patients who received a diagnosis of primary squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck between January 2006 and December 2013 who were treated in the Erasmus MC. Patient data were merged with nonpublic microdata from Statistics Netherlands. Follow-up time was specified as the date of diagnosis until death or December 3, 2019, whichever came first. The data were checked and reanalyzed in November 2023.Main outcomes and MeasuresCauses (eg, head and neck cancer, other cancer) and ways (eg, natural death, suicide) of death.ResultsA total of 1291 patients (59.2%; 342 women [26.5%]) died during follow-up (median [IQR] follow-up, 2.7 [1.2-5.6] years). The main cause of death was head and neck cancer (557 [43.1%]), followed by the competing cause of other cancers (344 [26.6%]). In total, 240 patients (18.6%) received palliative sedation and 70 patients (5.4%) euthanasia. Compared with patients with head and neck cancer as the underlying cause of death, lower odds ratios (ORs) were observed for receiving palliative sedation (OR, 0.32 vs 0.07; 95% CI, 0.22-0.46 vs 0.03-0.12) and euthanasia (OR, 0.22 vs 0.01; 95% CI, 0.11-0.41 vs 0-0.107) in patients with other causes of death. Patients with a middle and high income had higher ORs for receiving palliative sedation (OR, 1.46 vs 1.86; 95% CI, 1.05-2.04 vs 1.22-2.85) or euthanasia (OR, 2.25 vs 3.37; 95% CI, 1.18-4.3, 1.6-7.12) compared with low-income patients. Retired patients had lower ORs for receiving palliative sedation or euthanasia compared with employed patients (OR, 0.56 vs 0.44; 95% CI, 0.39-0.8 vs 0.24-0.82).Conclusion and RelevanceThe results of this cohort study suggest that more than half of the patients died of competing causes and palliative sedation and euthanasia were more common in patients with head and neck cancer as the underlying cause of death. Patients with a higher socioeconomic status had higher odds of receiving palliative sedation and euthanasia. These insights may support health care professionals in providing patient-centered care, especially for patients in the palliative phase.
Athena – The NSF AI Institute for Edge Computing
Authors: Chen Yiran , Banerjee Suman , Daily Shaundra , Krolik Jeffery , Li Hai (Helen) , Limbrick Daniel , Pajic Miroslav , Runton Rajashi , Zhong Lin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe National Science Foundation (NSF) Artificial Intelligence (AI) Institute for Edge Computing Leveraging Next Generation Networks (Athena) seeks to foment a transformation in modern edge computing by advancing AI foundations, computing paradigms, networked computing systems, and edge services and applications from a completely new computing perspective. Led by Duke University, Athena leverages revolutionary developments in computer systems, machine learning, networked computing systems, cyber‐physical systems, and sensing. Members of Athena form a multidisciplinary team from eight universities. Athena organizes its research activities under four interrelated thrusts supporting edge computing: Foundational AI, Computer Systems, Networked Computing Systems, and Services and Applications, which constitute an ambitious and comprehensive research agenda. The research tasks of Athena will focus on developing AI‐driven next‐generation technologies for edge computing and new algorithmic and practical foundations of AI and evaluating the research outcomes through a combination of analytical, experimental, and empirical instruments, especially with target use‐inspired research. The researchers of Athena demonstrate a cohesive effort by synergistically integrating the research outcomes from the four thrusts into three pillars: Edge Computing AI Systems, Collaborative Extended Reality (XR), and Situational Awareness and Autonomy. Athena is committed to a robust and comprehensive suite of educational and workforce development endeavors alongside its domestic and international collaboration and knowledge transfer efforts with external stakeholders that include both industry and community partnerships.
Nano‐Confined Electrolyte for Sustainable Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Fan Yanpeng , Chang Zhi , Wu Zhonghan , Feng Yang , Du Xiaomeng , Che Meihong , Tian Jing , Xie Wei , Zhang Kai 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) are considered as a promising candidate for large‐scale electrochemical energy storage devices due to their low cost, abundant upstream resources, and compatible manufacturing processes with lithium‐ion batteries. However, the highly active free solvent molecules in the liquid electrolyte trigger continuous interfacial side reactions between electrodes and electrolyte, which degrades the cycling performance of SIBs. Herein, a Cu‐based metal‐organic framework (MOF) with a uniform nanoporous channel of 1.1 nm is exploited to confine the electrolyte. Benefiting from the highly‐aggregated solvation configuration, the MOF‐confined electrolyte possesses superior chemical/electrochemical and thermal stability, which guarantees its interface compatibility and flame retardancy. As a result, the batteries with the nano‐confined electrolyte and Na3V2(PO4)3 cathode show an ultra‐long lifetime of 3000 cycles with 93% capacity retention and decent high‐temperature performance (600 cycles with 90% capacity retention). This work presents a viable method for fabricating sustainable SIBs and also provides guidance for solving the side reactions between electrolytes and electrodes in electrochemical energy storage systems.
Mesenchymal Stem Cell Spheroids Induced by Supramolecular Nanofibers for Diabetic Wound Healing
Authors: Zhang Yanwen , Ai Sifan , Yu Zeming , Wang Lanxing , Tao Hui , Wang Bing , Kong Deling , Yang Zhimou , Wang Yuebing 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDiabetic wounds, which are a serious complication of diabetes, are a threat to most diabetic patients and there is a lack of satisfactory therapeutic strategies. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) spheroids are under intensive investigation and have emerged as a particularly promising clinical therapy to induce wound healing; however, clinical applications of MSC spheroids have lagged because of the difficulties related to proper preparation, in situ instruction and insufficient efficacy. Herein, a novel Biotin‐DFYIGSR supramolecular hydrogel is designed for three‐dimensional (3D) culture of MSCs, which enables monodispersed MSCs to form cell spheroids with high efficacy and is fairly suitable for quick spheroid harvest. MSC spheroids are demonstrated with enhanced paracrine function, which exhibited increased cell survival and promoted three overlapping stages of wound healing through the integrin α2β1 subunits. These spheroids not only accelerated the wound transition from the inflammatory phase to proliferation phase by inhibiting neutrophils and inducing M2 macrophage transition, but also promoted cell proliferation and neovascularization at wound sites to motivate skin regeneration. Ultimately, MSC spheroids achieved re‐epithelialization and collagen deposition for desirable wound closure. MSC spheroids induced by Biotin‐DFYIGSR are a facile solution for the safe and efficient treatment of diabetic wounds, with great potential for clinical application.
Engineering Anisotropic Cell Models: Development of Collagen Hydrogel Scaffolds with Magneto‐Responsive PEG Microgels for Tissue Engineering Applications
Authors: Castro Ana L. , Vedaraman Sitara , Haraszti Tamás , Barbosa Mário A. , Gonçalves Raquel M. , De Laporte Laura 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMimicking tissue‐oriented organization in vitro has been extensively studied in recent years, using both natural and synthetic materials in combination with external magnetic fields to establish anisotropic conditions. Here, a new combination between magneto‐responsive anisometric PEG microgels and collagen hydrogels is explored to establish anisotropic in vitro models. Different sizes of PEG microgels are tested to assess the impact of both width and aspect ratio on the formation and alignment of collagen hydrogels. Results show that the key properties of collagen hydrogels, regarding fibrillogenesis, rheological properties, and fiber diameter are kept consistent upon the combination with PEG microgels. Furthermore, partial collagen fiber alignment is observed when larger (width 10 µm) PEG microgels are employed and magnetically aligned. In vitro studies show cell alignment within the anisotropic collagen hydrogels from the first day in culture. Interestingly, PEG microgels with higher width and length tend to induce less hydrogel contraction even after 7 days in culture. The results demonstrate the ability to establish a 3D unidirectional collagen hydrogel by magnetically aligning anisometric microgels during the gelation process, which can be promising for different tissue engineering applications.
Controllable and Scaffold‐Free Formation of 3D Multicellular Architectures Using a Bipolar Electrode Array
Authors: Wu Yupan , Zhang Haohao , Yue Yuanbo , Wang Shaoxi , Meng Yingqi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe natural environment of cells in vivo is a 3D network in which cellular responses are determined by influences from surrounding cells on all sides. This complex system is hard to be recapitulated in a conventional way. It is highly desirable to replace 2D models with 3D cell culture models. Microfluidic technology offers a variety of advantageous approaches for the long‐term 3D cell culture. Herein, a new cell patterning approach for generating cell clusters of specified size and shape by exploiting induced charge electroosmosis (ICEO) flow at a bipolar electrode array is exploited. Cell or particle clusters can be produced at the edges or centers of bipolar electrodes (BPEs) with controlled organization, by designing electrodes with arbitrary shapes. This platform is further extended to flexibly organize biological units with different properties via the ICEO or dielectrophoresis (DEP) based assembly. Heterotypic cell clusters can be produced at the bipolar electrode (BPE) by adjusting the applied frequencies and the sample injection sequence. This hybrid approach by integrating ICEO flow vortexes and DEP properties of the cells, allows the wireless generation of high‐throughput 3D clusters or spheroids with size adjustability and biocompatibility, which shows great potential in tissue engineering, drug discovery, and tumor research.
Physically‐Deposited Hole Transporters in Perovskite PV: NiOx Improved with Li/Mg Doping
Authors: Akalin Salih Alper , Erol Mustafa , Uzunbayir Begum , Oguzlar Sibel , Yildirim Serdar , Gokdemir Choi Fatma Pinar , Gunes Serap , Yilmazer Menda Ugur Deneb , Mendes Manuel J. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractNickel oxide (NiOx) has received a lot of attention as an inorganic hole transport material (HTM) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) during the last decade, owing to its high hole mobility, chemical stability, good optical transparency, and suitable energy levels that align with the valance band of the perovskite absorber methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3). This study explores Li and Mg co‐doped NiOx thin films physically‐deposited from developed sputtering targets obtained through cold isostatic pressing and sintering. After sputtering, the structural, elemental, morphological, optical, and electrical properties of the layers are investigated by XRD, XPS, SEM, AFM, UV–vis spectrophotometer, and Hall‐effect; revealing that crystalline, homogeneous, and smooth films are obtained. In particular, improvements in mobility and conductivity values are observed with Li and Mg doping, which contribute to enhanced PSC performance when used as an HTM layer in the glass‐indium tin oxide (ITO)/NiOx‐based HTM/MAPbI3/phenyl butryic acid methyl ester (PCBM)/bathocuproine (BCP)/Ag architecture. The champion solar cell achieves PCE of 15.52%. In addition, the average values of all samples are boosted, JSC (from 13.21 to 15.60 mA cm−2) and FF (from 59.32% to 67.7%), relative to pristine HTM, resulting in a pronounced PCE increment of up to 30% with the HTM film sputtered by a single target of co‐doped material.
Incorporating Nanoparticles in Porous Foam Templating for Enhanced Sensitivity of Capacitive Pressure Sensors
Authors: Kurup Lekshmi A. , Arthur Joshua N. , Cole Cameron M. , Suresh Sinduja , Timm Jana , Marschall Roland , Yambem Soniya D. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCapacitive pressure sensors based on porous foams have been demonstrated for various biomedical applications (0–10 kPa). Many different methods for fabricating porous foams have been reported. In this work, for the first time, the incorporation of silica nanoparticles are reported into the templating process of porous foams fabricated through a combination of particle and emulsion templating, in order to enhance the formation of smaller microstructures in polydimethylsiloxane foams. The foams are coated with graphene, and pressure sensors developed using these foams showed increased sensitivity, up to 4.08 kPa−1. The incorporation of nanoparticles also improves the linearity of the sensitivity, giving a linear sensitivity for the pressure sensors over a pressure range of 0–6 kPa. Further, these pressure sensors have a low limit of detection of ≈13 Pa. These results indicate that incorporation of suitable nanoparticles in the templating of foams is a promising strategy for developing foam‐based pressure sensors with high and linear sensitivity.
Anti‐HER2 Immunoliposomes: Antitumor Efficacy Attributable to Targeted Delivery of Anthraquinone‐Fused Enediyne
Authors: Feng Xueqiong , Wen Zhongqing , Zhu Xiangcheng , Yan Xiaohui , Duan Yanwen , Huang Yong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAlthough natural products are essential sources of small‐molecule antitumor drugs, some can exert substantial toxicities, limiting their clinical utility. Anthraquinone‐fused enediyne natural products are remarkably potent antitumor drug candidates, and uncialamycin and tiancimycin (TNM) A are under development as antibody‐drug conjugates. Herein, a novel drug delivery system is introduced for TNM A using anti‐human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) immunoliposomes (ILs). Trastuzumab‐coated TNM A‐loaded ILs (HER2‐TNM A‐ILs) is engineered with an average particle size of 182.8 ± 2.1 nm and a zeta potential of 1.75 ± 0.12 mV. Compared with liposomes lacking trastuzumab, HER2‐TNM A‐ILs exhibited selective toxicity against HER2‐positive KPL‐4 and SKBR3 cells. Coumarin‐6, a fluorescent TNM A surrogate, is encapsulated within anti‐HER2 ILs; the resultant ILs have enhanced cellular uptake in KPL‐4 and SKBR3 cells when compared with control liposomes. Furthermore, ILs loaded with more Cy5.5 accumulated in KPL‐4 mouse tumors. A single HER2‐TNM A‐IL dose (0.02 mg kg−1) suppressed the growth of HER2‐positive KPL‐4 mouse tumors without apparent toxicity. This study not only provides a straightforward method for the effective delivery of TNM A against HER2‐positive breast tumors but also underscores the potential of IL‐based drug delivery systems when employing highly potent cytotoxins as payloads.
Managing nitrogen to promote quality and profitability of North Dakota two‐row malting barley
Authors: Goettl Brady , DeSutter Thomas , Bu Honggang , Wick Abbey , Franzen David 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAs the demand and cultivation of two‐row malting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) increases in the Northern Great Plains, updated nitrogen (N) recommendations are increasingly necessary. Not only does N play a role in grain yield, but it also impacts grain malting characteristics, including protein and kernel plump. To determine the impacts N rate and availability have on two‐row malting barley, two experimental sites were established in eastern North Dakota during the 2020 and 2021 growing seasons. Treatments consisted of five fertilizer rates from 0 to 180 kg N ha−1 and two malting barley cultivars. Soil samples to be analyzed for nitrate‐N were taken prior to planting and N credit estimates from the previous crop were considered to determine the total known available nitrogen (TKAN) in the soil. It was determined there was a strong relationship between N rate and grain yield along with a strong positive correlation between N rate and grain protein. No significant interactions between N rate and kernel plump were noted. When the relationship between relative grain yield and TKAN was modeled using a best‐fit regression, maximum yield was attained at 210 kg TKAN ha−1 with a grain protein of 128 g kg−1, meeting malting quality requirements. When factoring in grain value and cost of urea fertilizer, the TKAN range needed to produce the crop at the highest profitability was lower than TKAN of maximum yield, ranging from 89 to 190 kg TKAN ha−1.
Process modeling guides operational variables that affect CO2 utilization during the accelerated carbonation of concrete
Authors: Prentice Dale P. , AlShareedah Othman , Sarkar Manas , Arabit Jenny , Mehdipour Iman , Afzal Shaik , Luo Junwei , Abdullah Fahim , Yun Sungil , Christofides Panagiotis D. , Simonetti Dante , Sant Gaurav 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAccelerated concrete carbonation is an expanding option for decarbonizing construction. Factors such as concrete mixture design and carbonation environment can influence the maximum CO2 utilization that can be achieved during such a process. A carbonation process designed to utilize a water‐saturated dilute CO2 source wherein 2 < CO2 concentration (v/v%) < 16, was modeled in AspenPlus©. A regression model was developed to correlate CO2 uptake, relative humidity (11%–100%), CO2 concentration ([CO2] = 2—16 v/v%), and temperature (T = 11–74°C) conditions within a carbonation reactor. It was determined that [CO2] was the most significant variable as higher concentrations enhanced CO2 transport through the concrete. The energy use intensity per mass of CO2 utilized (kWh/kgCO2) was determined across a range of processing conditions. As a function of the operational conditions, accelerated carbonation provides a net CO2 reduction of up to 28 kgCO2/tonne of concrete; a reduction of up to ~45% compared to typical formulations.