bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
QAmeleon: Multilingual QA with Only 5 Examples
Authors: Agrawal Priyanka , Alberti Chris , Huot Fantine , Maynez Joshua , Ma Ji , Ruder Sebastian , Ganchev Kuzman , Das Dipanjan , Lapata Mirella 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The availability of large, high-quality datasets has been a major driver of recent progress in question answering (QA). Such annotated datasets, however, are difficult and costly to collect, and rarely exist in languages other than English, rendering QA technology inaccessible to underrepresented languages. An alternative to building large monolingual training datasets is to leverage pre-trained language models (PLMs) under a few-shot learning setting. Our approach, QAmeleon, uses a PLM to automatically generate multilingual data upon which QA models are fine-tuned, thus avoiding costly annotation. Prompt tuning the PLM with only five examples per language delivers accuracy superior to translation-based baselines; it bridges nearly 60% of the gap between an English-only baseline and a fully-supervised upper bound fine-tuned on almost 50,000 hand-labeled examples; and consistently leads to improvements compared to directly fine-tuning a QA model on labeled examples in low resource settings. Experiments on the TyDiqa-GoldP and MLQA benchmarks show that few-shot prompt tuning for data synthesis scales across languages and is a viable alternative to large-scale annotation.1
Intersections of Marginalization and Possibility: A Phenomenological Analysis of Disabled Students’ Experiences with Online Learning
Authors: Krazinski Meaghan , Foley Alan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
During the covid-19 pandemic, online learning allowed for accommodations that were previously unavailable. However, this reconfiguration of supports did not always occur. Research centering student experience alongside the complexity of social contexts in online learning is lacking. Using Intersectional Critical Disability Studies and Queer Phenomenology, we investigate disabled students’ experiences with online learning. Interviews with secondary and postsecondary students reveal that online schooling reinforced barriers and hindered full inclusion and support. The pandemic emphasized the feelings of insignificance of their education, restricting their societal roles. Disabled students in this study relied on individual relationships and support to navigate their schooling. Using the concepts of inheritance/disinheritance to explore how the shift to online learning further affected secondary students with disabilities, this paper argues that the changes functioned primarily to protect the non-disabled and perpetuate ablebodiedness, thereby placing access further out of reach and thus entrenching limitations to dreaming past barriers.
A comparative study on the influence of fiber enzymatic treatment in thermal, morphological and mechanical properties of PBS matrix reinforced with different date palm fibers: Under accelerated UV radiation exposure
Authors: Chaari Rania , Khlif Mohamed , Bradai Chedly , Lacoste Catherine , Dony Philippe 
Published: December 2023

The use of natural fiber-reinforced polymer materials has become increasingly common in various applications. However, the performance and durability of these composites in outdoor applications are not fully understood. Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate the impact of an artificial ultraviolet radiation on the degradation behavior of composites based on a Poly Butylene Succinate (PBS) matrix. The reinforcement materials used in this research were the trunk and palm fibers obtained from date palm trees. Specifically, the effect of modifying the fiber surface with an enzymatic treatment on the interfacial adhesion fiber/matrix as well as on the rate of deterioration of the resulted composites, under accelerated aging, was assessed. Changes in the composite’s thermal stability, surface morphology and mechanical properties were determined after aging. A sharp transition in the behavior of the PBS matrix was observed after UV exposure, shifting from slight ductility following 100 h to brittleness after 700 h. The aging process resulted in a decrease in the thermal stability of all composites. However, the composites containing treated fibers exhibited better thermal stability compared to those with untreated fibers. Additionally, the use of enzyme-treated fibers in the composites promoted greater stability in the mechanical properties even after aging. The reinforcement of the composites with palm fibers yielded better interfacial adhesion compared to the use of trunk fibers, and resulted in better retention in the tensile strength property after aging. The enzymatic treatment facilitated stronger physical attachment between the fibers and the matrix, preventing any fiber or interface degradation.
Associations Between Ultra-processed Food Consumption and Cardiometabolic Health Among Older US Adults: Comparing Older Asian Americans to Older Adults From Other Major Race-Ethnic Groups
Authors: Elfassy Tali , Juul Filippa , Mesa Robert A. , Palaniappan Latha , Srinivasan Malathi , Yi Stella S. 
Published: December 2023

Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2001–2018; N = 19,602), this study examined whether ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption is associated with cardiometabolic health (obesity, hypertension, high cholesterol, and diabetes), among White, Black, Hispanic, and Asian Americans (AA) US adults 50 or older. Diet was assessed using 24 hour dietary recall. NOVA dietary classification system was used to calculate the percentage of caloric intake derived from UPFs. Cardiometabolic information was assessed through physical examination, blood tests, and self-reported medication information. A median of 54% (IQR: 40%, 68%) of caloric intake was attributed to UPFs and was lowest for AAs (34%, IQR: 20%, 49%) and highest for White adults (56%; IQR: 42, 69%). In multivariable adjusted models, UPF consumption was associated with greater odds of obesity, high cholesterol, and diabetes. UPF consumption is associated with poor cardiometabolic health among all US older adults. For AAs, UPFs may be particularly obesogenic.
A Comparative Analysis of Maternal Nutrition Decision-Making Autonomy During Pregnancy—An Application of the Food Choice Process Model in Burkina Faso and Madagascar
Authors: Ngoutane Raphia M. , Murray-Kolb Laura E. , Zoma Ramakwende , Ouédraogo Césaire T. , van Zutphen Kesso Gabrielle , Bruning Rachel , Razakandrainy Andry , Ransom Elizabeth , Dalmiya Nita , Kraemer Klaus , Kodish Stephen R. 
Published: December 2023

Background: Adequate nutrition has been cited as one of the most critical components for optimal health outcomes during pregnancy. Women in Burkina Faso and Madagascar experience high rates of undernutrition due to lack of knowledge, finances, cultural norms, and autonomy. Therefore, this study aimed (1) to describe typical maternal diets during pregnancy in Burkina Faso and Madagascar, (2) to understand the multilevel factors that influence women’s nutrition decision-making, and (3) to explore the extent to which women have nutrition decision-making autonomy during pregnancy. Methods: This study was conducted between October 2020 and February 2021 in Burkina Faso and Madagascar. Semi-structured interviews, focus group interviews, and free lists were conducted among women of reproductive age and pregnant and lactating women. Textual data from interviews were recorded and translated verbatim from local languages into French. The Food Choice Process Model guided textual content analysis using Dedoose software. Free list data were analyzed using cultural domain analysis approaches. Results: In Burkina Faso and Madagascar, women primarily consumed staple foods such as rice and tô during pregnancy. Participants cited eating fruits and vegetables when available, while the animal source foods were rarely consumed. Across both contexts, nutrition during pregnancy was influenced by factors that impact food choices, such as social factors, resources, ideals, and personal factors. While women and men in Madagascar had more shared decision-making on critical domains such as finances, men were the primary decision-makers in most areas of inquiry (eg, finances) in Burkina Faso. Conclusions: The lack of adequate diverse diet consumed during pregnancy is primarily due to important factors including social factors and resources. Understanding the ability for women to consume optimal diets during pregnancy is needed to target behavioral change in maternal nutrition programming.
Type 1 diabetes mellitus disease burden in high health expenditure countries between 1990 and 2019
Authors: Edwards Michael , Kudzinskas Aurimas , Alazawi Andrew , Hughes Will , Goodall Richard , Harbinson Eleanor , Salciccioli Justin , Marshall Dominic , Shalhoub Joseph 
Published: December 2023

Objective This observational study assesses trends in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) disease burden across the 19 countries of the European Union (EU) 15+ between 1990 and 2019. Methods The Global Burden of Disease Study database was used to gather T1DM age-standardised incidence (ASIR), prevalence (ASPR), mortality (ASMR), and disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) rates per 100,000 for each EU15+ country (1990 – 2019). Joinpoint regression analysis was used to describe the trends. Results From 1990 to 2019, T1DM ASIRs and ASPRs increased globally except for females in Finland (−2.9% and −9.4%), the largest increase in ASPR for males and females was observed in France (+144.4% and +137.5% respectively). All had reductions in ASMRs for males and females, with the largest observed in Spain (−56.7% and −79.0% respectively). Trends in DALYs were variable across countries, with increases in DALYs noted in 14/19 for males, and 9/19 for females. Denmark, Finland, Norway, Netherlands, and Sweden had a reduction in DALYs for both males and females. Conclusions Mortality from T1DM is reducing across EU15+ countries, despite concomitant increases in incidence and prevalence rates. Trends in DALYs are variable across countries, reflecting differential trends in the disease burden across countries with similarly high health expenditure.
Risk factors and clinical characteristics of breathlessness in Australian adults: Data from the BOLD Australia study
Authors: Zhou Yijun , Ampon Maria R , Abramson Michael J , James Alan L , Maguire Graeme P , Wood-Baker Richard , Johns David P , Marks Guy B , Reddel Helen K , Toelle Brett G 
Published: December 2023

Background Breathlessness is a common symptom related to a significant health burden. However, the association of breathlessness with clinical characteristics, especially objective pulmonary test results is scarce. We aimed to identify the characteristics independently associated with breathlessness in Australian adults. Method The analysis used data from BOLD Australia, a cross-sectional study that included randomly selected adults aged ≥40 years from six sites in Australia. Clinical characteristics and spirometry results were compared for breathlessness (modified Medical Research Council [mMRC] grade ≥2). Results Among all respondents ( n = 3321), 252 participants (7.6%) reported breathlessness. The main univariate associations were obesity, chronic respiratory diseases, heart diseases and being Indigenous Australians (odds ratios [ORs] = 2.78, 5.20, 3.77 and 4.38, respectively). Participants with breathlessness had lower pre-and post-bronchodilator lung function than those without. Impaired spirometry results including FVC or FEV1 below 80% predicted, or FEV1/FVC < LLN were independently associated with breathlessness (adjusted ORs = 2.66, 2.94 and 2.34, respectively). Conclusions Breathlessness is common among Australian adults and is independently associated with obesity, chronic respiratory diseases, heart diseases, being Indigenous Australians, and impaired spirometry. Multi-disciplinary assessment and comprehensive investigation is needed in clinical practice to address the many factors associated with breathlessness in the population.
The nurse manager support process in the work–family conflict of clinical nurses: a qualitative study
Authors: Baljani Esfandyar , Rezaee Moradali Monireh , Hajiabadi Negar Ranjbar 
Published: December 2023

Background: Nurses are exposed to work–family conflict because of the high expectations associated with the workplace and family demands. Nurse managers’ support for work–family conflict requires theoretical principles. Aims: The current study explores managers’ experiences of work–life conflict and how they manage this. Methods: Grounded theory is used to explain the theoretical principles of nursing managers’ support to clinical nurses. Participants included 20 managers and 2 clinical nurses working in one hospital. The data collection method used unstructured interviews. Sampling was first purposive and then theoretical, and data analysis was carried out using Corbin and Strauss’s approach. Results: Participants’ primary concern was the threat to their organisational position, and they used a functional-exchangeable conservation strategy to consolidate their own positions. The strategy resulted in the consolidation of managers’ and nurses’ positions. Two factors were identified as influencing nurse managers’ strategies, namely ‘the sense of insecurity in the functional position’ with a deterrent effect, and ‘cooperative atmosphere’ as a facilitator with a positive effect. Conclusion: The most important supportive strategy used by nurse managers in the work–family conflict of clinical nurses was based on ‘functional-exchangeable conservation’ between themselves and the nursing staff. Functional- exchangeable protection is a type of protection of human resources by the manager. In this exchange, to solve the conflict between work and family for the nurse, the nursing manager wants to maintain their managerial position by solving the nurse’s problem. Both of them benefit from this exchange. The theory of functional-exchangeable protection may provide the necessary background for the development of a prescriptive theory to minimise nurses’ worries about family matters. Flexible work schedules may help nurses resolve work-family conflict and so provide better care and reduce work errors. The concept of functional-exchangeable protection and its subclasses may be helpful in preparing policies to support clinical nurses through implementing flexible work schedules, increasing nurses’ motivation and fulfilling the family role of nurses.
Maximalist Shoes: Separating Science From Hype
Authors: Haghverdian Justin C. , Hsu Andrew R. 
Published: December 2023

One of the most discussed but misunderstood topics in foot and ankle is shoe wear choices and the purported benefits of each type of shoe versus their actual scientific advantages. All foot and ankle care providers should be familiar with the various shoe wear types available to patients to improve their overall foot health. Recently, mainstream popularity and media coverage of maximalist shoes has created increased interest in the science and potential clinical benefits of maximalist shoes. The purpose of this review is to present the current biomechanical evidence of maximalist shoes and to help inform the foot and ankle community of their potential therapeutic applications. Levels of Evidence: Level V
Biomechanical Comparison of the Simple Suture Technique, Meniscal Matrix-Assisted Repair, and a Novel Meniscus Cap Suture Technique for Complex Meniscal Repair
Authors: Ciemniewska-Gorzela Kinga , Górecki Jan , Wojtkowiak Dominik , Henklewski Radomir , Żak-Pałczynska Katarzyna , Murray James , Talaśka Krzysztof 
Published: December 2023

Background: Meniscal repair is the gold standard for simple morphology tears. However, when the morphology and chronicity of the tear are less favorable, the success of the standard techniques is reduced. Purpose/Hypothesis: To compare meniscal repair augmented by a new bioresorbable implant (Meniscus Cap) versus a traditional simple suture technique and the currently available augmented repair collagen matrix meniscus wrapping technique. It was hypothesized that the Meniscus Cap suture technique would increase ultimate failure load and less displacement during cyclic loading. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: A total of 80 fresh porcine menisci were harvested. Complex tears were created in 60 menisci, and 20 intact menisci were tested as the control group. Repairs were performed on the 60 meniscal tears using 1 of the 3 techniques (20 menisci each): an inside-out H-suture group (SS), the collagen matrix wrapping technique (CMW), and the Meniscus Cap bioresorbable implant group (CM). The menisci were subjected to 500 loading cycles from 4 to 20 N at a frequency of 1 Hz, and the total displacement was recorded. Then, the specimens underwent load to failure testing at a rate of 3.15 mm/s, and the failure mode was noted. Results: After 500 cycles of cyclic loading, there were no significant differences in displacement between the controls and CM group (0.524 vs 0.448 mm; P = .95). The displacement after the CM was significantly smaller compared with the CMW and the SS (0.448 vs 1.077 mm [ P = .0009] and 0.448 vs 0.848 mm [ P = .04], respectively). The ultimate load to failure was significantly greater for the controls and the CM group compared with the SS and CMW groups (controls, 1278.7 N and CM, 628.5 N vs CMW, 380.1 N and SS, 345.1 N; P < .05). The failure mode was suture breakage (suture failure) for all repairs. Conclusion: In a porcine specimen meniscal repair model, the biomechanical properties of a novel Meniscus Cap repair technique were superior to that of the simple suture and CMW techniques. Clinical Relevance: The results suggest that the Meniscal Cap repair technique may provide sufficient primary stability of the meniscal fixation even in the cases of complex meniscal tears.
Analyzing the Quality, Reliability, and Educational Value of ACL Rehabilitation Exercises on TikTok: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Bethell Mikhail A. , Anastasio Albert T. , Adu-Kwarteng Kwabena , Tabarestani Troy Q. , Lau Brian C. 
Published: December 2023

Background: Videos relating to rehabilitation exercises for common injuries relevant to younger populations such as anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear receive high view counts on social media platforms such as TikTok. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to analyze the quality, reliability, and educational value of TikTok videos among the patient population for ACL injury. It was hypothesized that TikTok videos related to ACL rehabilitation exercises would lack quality, reliability, and educational value. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: TikTok was queried for relevant videos using the hashtags “#ACLrehab” and “#ACLexercises.” For each included video, the type of uploader (general user or health care professional) was identified. In addition, the number of views, likes, shares, comments, and favorites for each included video was recorded, and the content of each video was graded using the DISCERN (a well-validated informational analysis tool) and the ACL exercise education score (ACLEES - a custom-designed tool for the evaluation of ACL-related exercises). Results: A total of 111 videos with 5,520,660 cumulative views were included; the median number of views per video was 9801.0 (interquartile range [IQR], 3583.0-28,000.0). Of these videos, 84 and 27 were created by the general public and health care professionals, respectively. The videos collectively received 335,577 likes, 2969 comments, 22,856 favorites, and 6142 shares, with a median of 439 (IQR, 111-1374), 10 (IQR, 2.5-25.5), 54 (IQR, 18-172.5), and 12 (IQR, 2-36), respectively. The tabulated scores for the DISCERN and ACLEES between general users and health care professionals were all statistically nonsignificant. Health care professionals had a higher percentage of videos with a “very poor” DISCERN score in comparison with the general public (66.67% vs 53.57%, respectively). Conclusion: The overall educational value of the TikTok videos related to ACL rehabilitation exercises was very poor. Health care professionals should be aware of the broad distribution of ACL rehabilitation exercise videos that are accessible on TikTok and raise awareness of the deficiencies of the platform as a medium for educational medical-related information.
Hemolysis-driven IFNα production impairs erythropoiesis by negatively regulating EPO signaling in sickle cell disease
Authors: Han Yongshuai , Gao Chengjie , Liu Yunfeng , Zhang Huan , Wang Shihui , Zhao Huizhi , Bao Weili , Guo Xinhua , Vinchi Francesca , Lobo Cheryl , Shi Patricia , Mendelson Avital , Luchsinger Larry , Zhong Hui , Yazdanbakhsh Karina , An Xiuli 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Disordered erythropoiesis is a feature of many hematologic diseases, including sickle cell disease (SCD). However, very little is known about erythropoiesis in SCD. Here, we show that although bone marrow (BM) erythroid progenitors and erythroblasts in Hbbth3/+ thalassemia mice were increased more than twofold, they were expanded by only ∼40% in Townes sickle mice (SS). We further show that the colony-forming ability of SS erythroid progenitors was decreased and erythropoietin (EPO)/EPO receptor (EPOR) signaling was impaired in SS erythroid cells. Furthermore, SS mice exhibited reduced responses to EPO. Injection of mice with red cell lysates or hemin, mimicking hemolysis in SCD, led to suppression of erythropoiesis and reduced EPO/EPOR signaling, indicating hemolysis, a hallmark of SCD, and could contribute to the impaired erythropoiesis in SCD. In vitro hemin treatment did not affect Stat5 phosphorylation, suggesting that hemin-induced erythropoiesis suppression in vivo is via an indirect mechanism. Treatment with interferon α (IFNα), which is upregulated by hemolysis and elevated in SCD, led to suppression of mouse BM erythropoiesis in vivo and human erythropoiesis in vitro, along with inhibition of Stat5 phosphorylation. Notably, in sickle erythroid cells, IFN-1 signaling was activated and the expression of cytokine inducible SH2–containing protein (CISH), a negative regulator of EPO/EPOR signaling, was increased. CISH deletion in human erythroblasts partially rescued IFNα-mediated impairment of cell growth and EPOR signaling. Knocking out Ifnar1 in SS mice rescued the defective BM erythropoiesis and improved EPO/EPOR signaling. Our findings identify an unexpected role of hemolysis on the impaired erythropoiesis in SCD through inhibition of EPO/EPOR signaling via a heme-IFNα-CISH axis.