bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Light sterile neutrinos in the early universe: effects of altered dispersion relations and a coupling to axion-like dark matter
Authors: Hellmann Dominik , Päs Heinrich 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We investigate the cosmological consequences of light sterile neutrinos with altered
dispersion relations (ADRs) and couplings to an ultra-light, axion-like scalar field. In
particular we study the impact on the number of additional, light, fermionic degrees of freedom
and primordial nucleosynthesis. While the ADR leads to a new potential term in the Hamiltonian,
the coupling to the scalar field results in a time dependent, effective mass contribution. We
solve the quantum kinetic equations (QKEs) for the neutrino density matrix and find that in
certain parameter regions both new physics effects can individually yield a suppressed population
of sterile neutrino species and the correct observed amount of helium in nucleosynthesis.
Combining both effects opens up new patches of parameter space excluded by experimental bounds
applying to models featuring only one of the effects.
Numerical investigation of toroidal plasma response for ELM control via magnetic perturbations in the DTT Tokamak
Authors: Pigatto L. , Bolzonella T. , Bonotto M. , Fusco V. , Liu Y.Q. , Marchiori G. , Villone F. , Vlad G. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Linear plasma response modeling is exploited in this work to assess the effect of different coil configurations on edge localized mode (ELM) stability in full power operational scenarios for the Divertor Tokamak Test (DTT) facility, presently under construction at the ENEA site of Frascati (Italy). The MARS-F code is used to compute, in toroidal geometry and including flow, the resistive plasma response to different vacuum fields with toroidal mode numbers

n
=
1
,
2
,
3

. Peeling-like response in particular, correlated with ELM control, is found to be significant for

n
=
2
,
3

perturbations while

n
=
1

induces a large core response in the investigated scenarios. Two metrics are used to link plasma response to ELM control. Namely the local normal plasma displacement in the x-point region and the Chirikov parameter in PEST-like straight-field-line coordinates. These criteria are used to predict optimal phasing of the active coil arrays and current thresholds based on empirical evidence. Depending on the number of active coils and on the scenario, coil currents between 20 and 40 kAt are predicted to be effective for ELM mitigation in DTT.
Gyrokinetic turbulence modeling of a high performance scenario in JT-60SA
Authors: Iantchenko A. , Pueschel M.J. , Brunner S. , Coda S. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Local gyrokinetic simulations are used to model turbulent transport for the first time in a representative high-performance plasma discharge projected for the new JT-60SA tokamak. The discharge features a double-null separatrix, 41 MW of combined neutral beam heating and electron cyclotron heating, and a high predicted ratio of the normalized plasma kinetic to magnetic pressure β. When considering input parameters computed from reduced transport models, gyrokinetic simulations predict a turbulent heat flux well below the injected 41 MW. Increasing the background gradients, on the other hand, can trigger a non-zonal transition (NZT), causing heat fluxes to no longer saturate. Furthermore, when considering fast ions in the simulations, a high-frequency mode is destabilized that substantially impacts the turbulence. The NZT is avoided by reducing the electron pressure by 10% below its nominal value, and the fast-ion resonance is removed by reducing the fast-ion temperature. The thus-obtained simulation features broadband frequency spectra and density and temperature fluctuation levels

δ
n

/

n
≈
1
%

–2%,

δ
T

/

T
≈
1
%

–6% that should be measurable with fluctuation diagnostics planned for JT-60SA. The temperature profile is fixed by the critical main-ion temperature gradient as a consequence of the high stiffness; heat fluxes increase by a factor of ten when increasing the main ion temperature gradient by 17%. Despite large gradients, it is demonstrated that, due to the large β, retaining compressional magnetic field fluctuations and in particular, the contribution of the pressure gradient in the

∇
B

drifts, is crucial to achieving non-zero heat fluxes.
Study of AC Susceptibility of La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 at Different Frequencies
Authors: Karma Nikita , Harinkhere Disha , Karil Poornima , Dager H.S. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the present work, the structural and ac magnetic susceptibility as a function of temperature at different frequencies of perovskite type La08Sr0.2MnO3 (LSMO) compound have been discussed. Conventional solid-state route was used to synthesize LSMO compound. Orthorhombic crystal structure with Pnma space group of the compound was witnessed from the analysis of X-ray diffractograms by Rietveld refinement. The real (χꞌ) and imaginary (χꞌꞌ) part of the ac susceptibility of the compound have been studied. The real part of magnetic susceptibility (χꞌ) of La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 sample increases as temperature decrease. This indicates that the paramagnetic-ferromagnetic phase transition occurs. At different frequencies, i.e. 100Hz and 500Hz the Curie temperature Tc are 326K and 336K respectively. Peaks observed in the imaginary part χꞌꞌ) of magnetic susceptibility plot indicate the presence of sample inhomogeneity.
The characteristics of negative corona discharge and radio interference at different altitudes based on coaxial wire–cylinder gap
Authors: HE 何 Wangling 旺龄 , WEI 魏 Hongyu 宏宇 , ZHANG 张 Yinlu 胤禄 , LIU 刘 Yongcong 永聪 , LIU 刘 Yunpeng 云鹏 , WAN 万 Baoquan 保权 , ZHOU 周 Yang 阳 , WANG 王 Yanzhao 延召 , GAN 干 Zheyuan 喆渊 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The corona discharge from transmission lines in high-altitude areas is more severe than at lower altitudes. The radio interference caused thereby is a key factor to be considered when designing transmission lines. To study the influence of altitude on negative corona characteristics, an experimental platform comprising a movable small corona cage was established: experiments were conducted at four altitudes in the range of 1120‒4320 m, and data on the corona current pulse and radio interference level of 0.8-mm diameter fine copper wire under different negative voltages were collected. The experimental results show that the average amplitude, repetition frequency and average current of the corona current pulse increase with increasing altitude. The dispersion of pulse amplitude increases with increase in altitude, while the randomness of the pulse interval decreases continuously. Taking the average current as an intermediate variable, the relationship between radio interference level and altitude is obtained. The result of this research has some significance for understanding the corona discharge characteristics of ultra-high-voltage lines.
Merging Philosophical Traditions for a New Way to Research Music: On the Ekphrastic Description of Musical Experience
Authors: Krawiec Andrzej 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This article addresses the subject of the ekphrastic description of experiencing music. It shows the main differences between ekphrasis and commonly used analysis in music theory and musicology. In approaching the problem of ekphrasis with what is called pure music, I emphasize its ancient understanding, thus differing from Lydia Goehr (2010) and Siglind Bruhn (2000, 2001, 2019). The ekphrastic analysis of the first movement of Arnold Schoenberg’s Six Little Piano Pieces Op. 19 conducted in this article uses the methodology developed by Gottfried Boehm (2014) and Georges Didi-Huberman (2005, 2015, 2017, 2018) in the discipline of art history. This article aims to delineate a new way of researching the art of music, an essential feature of which is the combination of the traditions of analytic philosophy and phenomenology.
Wollheim on art’s historicity: an intersection of theoretical art history and the philosophy of art
Authors: Berryman Jim 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Art and its Objects by Richard Wollheim had a major impact on aesthetics and the philosophy of art when it was first published in 1968. Of the arguments offered in response to Wollheim’s essay, Jerrold Levinson’s intentional-historical theory of art has been one of the most enduring. Levinson was influenced by three key sections of Wollheim’s enquiry: Section 40, which considers the claim that works of art fall under a concept of art, or that we are disposed to regard certain things as works of art; and Sections 60 and 61, which deal with art as a historical phenomenon, and problems arising from its identification and interpretation. To date, these claims have been raised as points of contention in the philosophy of art. This paper takes a different perspective. Wollheim’s understanding of art’s historicity draws explicitly on the literature of theoretical art history. Via Wollheim, old art-historical problems will reappear as new philosophical questions.
Non-coding RNA regulates the immune microenvironment in recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA): new insights into immune mechanisms
Authors: Tang Cen , Hu Wanqin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) has various causes, including chromosomal abnormalities, prethrombotic state, and abnormal uterine anatomical factors. However, the pathogenesis of RSA is still unclear. Surprisingly, non-coding RNA can stably express at the maternal-fetal interface and regulate immune cells’ proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis. Accumulating evidence suggests that the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory network between non-coding RNAs complicates RSA’s pathological process and maybe a new starting point for exploring RSA. In this review, we mainly discuss the regulatory network and potential significance of non-coding RNA in the immune microenvironment of RSA patients. In addition, the cellular interactions of non-coding RNA transported through vesicles were introduced from aspects of trophoblast function and immune regulation. Finally, we analyze previous studies and further discuss that the stable expression of non-coding RNA may be used as a biomarker of some disease states and a prediction target of RSA.
Microglia sense astrocyte dysfunction and prevent disease progression in an Alexander disease model
Authors: Saito Kozo , Shigetomi Eiji , Shinozaki Youichi , Kobayashi Kenji , Parajuli Bijay , Kubota Yuto , Sakai Kent , Miyakawa Miho , Horiuchi Hiroshi , Nabekura Junichi , Koizumi Schuichi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Alexander disease (AxD) is an intractable neurodegenerative disorder caused by GFAP mutations. It is a primary astrocyte disease with a pathological hallmark of Rosenthal fibres within astrocytes. AxD astrocytes show several abnormal phenotypes. Our previous study showed that AxD astrocytes in model mice exhibit aberrant Ca2+ signals that induce AxD aetiology. Here, we show that microglia have unique phenotypes with morphological and functional alterations, which are related to the pathogenesis of AxD. Immunohistochemical studies of 60TM mice (AxD model) showed that AxD microglia exhibited highly ramified morphology. Functional changes in microglia were assessed by Ca2+ imaging using hippocampal brain slices from Iba1-GCaMP6-60TM mice and two-photon microscopy. We found that AxD microglia showed aberrant Ca2+ signals, with high frequency Ca2+ signals in both the processes and cell bodies. These microglial Ca2+ signals were inhibited by pharmacological blockade or genetic knockdown of P2Y12 receptors but not by tetrodotoxin, indicating that these signals are independent of neuronal activity but dependent on extracellular ATP from non-neuronal cells. Our single-cell RNA sequencing data showed that the expression level of Entpd2, an astrocyte-specific gene encoding the ATP-degrading enzyme NTPDase2, was lower in AxD astrocytes than in wild-type astrocytes. In situ ATP imaging using the adeno-associated virus vector GfaABC1D ATP1.0 showed that exogenously applied ATP was present longer in 60TM mice than in wild-type mice. Thus, the increased ATP level caused by the decrease in its metabolizing enzyme in astrocytes could be responsible for the enhancement of microglial Ca2+ signals. To determine whether these P2Y12 receptor-mediated Ca2+ signals in AxD microglia play a significant role in the pathological mechanism, a P2Y12 receptor antagonist, clopidogrel, was administered. Clopidogrel significantly exacerbated pathological markers in AxD model mice and attenuated the morphological features of microglia, suggesting that microglia play a protective role against AxD pathology via P2Y12 receptors. Taken together, we demonstrated that microglia sense AxD astrocyte dysfunction via P2Y12 receptors as an increase in extracellular ATP and alter their morphology and Ca2+ signalling, thereby protecting against AxD pathology. Although AxD is a primary astrocyte disease, our study may facilitate understanding of the role of microglia as a disease modifier, which may contribute to the clinical diversity of AxD.
The emergence of the EEG dominant rhythm across the first year of life
Authors: Elhamiasl Mina , Sanches Braga Figueira Jessica , Barry-Anwar Ryan , Pestana Zoe , Keil Andreas , Scott Lisa S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The spectral composition of EEG provides important information on the function of the developing brain. For example, the frequency of the dominant rhythm, a salient features of EEG data, increases from infancy to adulthood. Changes of the dominant rhythm during infancy are yet to be fully characterized, in terms of their developmental trajectory and spectral characteristics. In this study, the development of dominant rhythm frequency was examined during a novel sustained attention task across 6-month-old (n = 39), 9-month-old (n = 30), and 12-month-old (n = 28) infants. During this task, computer-generated objects and faces floated down a computer screen for 10 s after a 5-second fixation cross. The peak frequency in the range between 5 and 9 Hz was calculated using center of gravity (CoG) and examined in response to faces and objects. Results indicated that peak frequency increased from 6 to 9 to 12 months of age in face and object conditions. We replicated the same result for the baseline. There was high reliability between the CoGs in the face, object, and baseline conditions across all channels. The developmental increase in CoG was more reliable than measures of mode frequency across different conditions. These findings suggest that CoG is a robust index of brain development across infancy.
Single-cell transcriptomes of kidneys in a 6-month-old boy with Denys-Drash syndrome reveal stromal cell heterogeneity in the tumor microenvironment
Authors: Li Tao , Zhou Jiangfeng , Wu Haiyan , Gao Xiucheng , Shen Qiyang , Cheng Rui , Zhang Mingshun 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
Denys-Drash syndrome (DDS) is a rare disease characterized with pseudohermaphroditism, nephroblastoma (also known as Wilms tumor), and diffuse mesangial sclerosis. The therapy for DDS is largely supportive, i.e. surgery and chemotherapy for Wilms tumor and renal replacement therapy. Due to the limited understanding of the pathogenesis, precision therapy for DDS is yet to be explored. We sought to explore the cellular components and interactions in kidney tissues from an infant with DDS.

Methods
Whole-exome sequencing was performed to examine the mutations associated with DDS. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was performed to explore the heterogenicity of kidney tissue samples.

Results
A 6-month-old infant with bilateral Wilms tumors and genital ambiguity was diagnosed as having DDS. Whole exome sequencing revealed a novel de novo mutation (p.F185fs*118) in exon 1 of WT1. scRNA-seq was performed in tissue samples from bilateral Wilms tumors and the normal kidney from this infant. Fibroblasts, myocytes, epithelial cells, endothelial cells, and mononuclear phagocytes (MPs) ranked at the top of the 31 135 total cells. Fibroblasts and myocytes were dominant in the Wilms tumor samples. In contrast, most epithelial cells and endothelial cells were found in normal kidney tissues. CD44 and TUBA1A were significantly changed in myocyte subclusters, which may contribute to chemotherapy drug resistance. Macrophages intensively interacted with cancerous cells, including fibroblasts, epithelial cells, and myocytes.

Conclusions
A novel mutation (p.F185fs*118) in exon 1 of WT1 was identified in an infant with DDS. scRNA-Seq revealed the heterogenicity of cellular components in Wilms tumors and kidney tissues, shedding light on the pathogenesis of DDS.
Simultaneous determination of steroid hormones and pharmaceuticals in killer whale (Orcinus orca) faecal samples by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Ross Andrew R S , Liao Xiangjun , Brown Tanya M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We describe a non-invasive method for profiling selected hormones, pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in killer whales (Orcinus orca) based on analysis of faecal samples by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). The method targets 21 compounds of interest including glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, androgens, estrogens, progestogens, selective serotonin uptake inhibitors and an antibacterial/antifungal agent. This method is suitable for routine simultaneous determination of target compounds in killer whale faecal samples as well as validation of immunoassays for the detection and measurement of steroid hormones in faeces. The optimized method involves extraction of freeze-dried faecal material with reagent alcohol and water followed by isolation of the analytes using solid phase extraction with hydrophilic–lipophilic balance cartridges and liquid–liquid extraction with methyl tertiary-butyl ether. Reconstituted extracts were analysed by LC–MS/MS using an electrospray ionization interface. Method limit of quantification ranged from 0.06 to 45.2 ng/g in freeze-dried faecal samples. Except for sertraline, triclosan and estradiol (which was not recovered at the lowest spiked concentration), average intra- and inter-day precisions were within 10%, and average recoveries were between 89.3% and 129.3%, for faecal samples spiked with 5.3, 26.7 or 133 ng/g of each analyte. The method was applied successfully to the analysis of hormones and PPCPs in whale faeces during which 17α-hydroxyprogesterone, a common intermediate in steroid biosynthesis that cross-reacts with precursors and sulphated conjugates in immunoassays, was identified and quantified in all samples.
Targeting the apelin system for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Chapman Fiona A , Maguire Janet J , Newby David E , Davenport Anthony P , Dhaun Neeraj 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Its prevalence is rising due to ageing populations and the increasing incidence of diseases such as chronic kidney disease, obesity, and diabetes that are associated with elevated cardiovascular risk. Despite currently available treatments, there remains a huge burden of cardiovascular disease-associated morbidity for patients and healthcare systems, and newer treatments are needed. The apelin system, comprising the apelin receptor and its two endogenous ligands apelin and elabela, is a broad regulator of physiology that opposes the actions of the renin-angiotensin and vasopressin systems. Activation of the apelin receptor promotes endothelium-dependent vasodilatation and inotropy, lowers blood pressure, and promotes angiogenesis. The apelin system appears to protect against arrhythmias, inhibits thrombosis, and has broad anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic actions. It also promotes aqueous diuresis through direct and indirect (central) effects in the kidney. Thus, the apelin system offers therapeutic promise for a range of cardiovascular, kidney, and metabolic diseases. This review will discuss current cardiovascular disease targets of the apelin system and future clinical utility of apelin receptor agonism.
Long-term radiographic and periodontal evaluations of the bone-grafted alveolar cleft region in young adults born with a UCLP
Authors: Lemberger Mathias , Peterson Petra , Andlin Sobocki Anna , Setayesh Hedieh , Karsten Agneta 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Studies addressing the periodontal health of the teeth surrounding the bone-grafted cleft in patients born with unilateral cleft lip and palate disagree on whether periodontal health is compromised.

Objectives
To determine periodontal health differences between the cleft and the non-cleft sides nearly a decade after secondary alveolar bone grafting.

Methods
This prospective, controlled (split-mouth design) study comprised an intraoral apical radiographic and a periodontal examination of 40 consecutive patients from one centre (n = 26 males) who had undergone bone grafting at mean age of 10.2 years (±1.6). Probing pocket depth, gingival index, gingival recession, and radiographic bone support were assessed.

Results
No significant difference occurred in probing pocket depth between teeth at cleft and non-cleft sites (OR 1.8, P = .488). Gingival recession was present at 6.6% of all examined sites on the cleft side and at 1.7% on the non-cleft side (OR 17.3, P &lt; .001). Gingival recession occurred most often on the buccal and disto-buccal surfaces of the central incisor on the cleft side. The gingival index was significantly higher on the cleft side (OR 8.0, P &lt; .001). The Bergland index was I or II in most patients (87%).

Limitations
Recruitment of eligible patients was lengthy.

Conclusion
The teeth on the cleft side had high levels of gingival inflammation. Few pathological gingival pockets, however, were found. Shallow gingival recessions frequently occurred around the central incisor on the cleft side. Teeth in the bone-grafted cleft region generally had good bone support.
Local institutions and human capital formation in pre-industrial societies: evidence from Valencia
Authors: Beltrán Tapia Francisco J , Díez-Minguela Alfonso , Gómez-Tello Alicia , Martinez-Galarraga Julio , Tirado-Fabregat Daniel A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This article analyses the relationship between institutions and human capital formation. We use literacy rates in 1860 at the municipal level in Valencia where the expulsion of the Moriscos in 1609 was followed by the Christian resettlement. Our findings show that male literacy was consistently lower in Morisco areas by mid-19th century. Yet, the analysis also shows the disappearance of this effect at the beginning of the 20th century. We argue that the deployment of the liberal state would have entailed the gradual decoupling of educational outcomes from the institutional heterogeneity characteristic of the Old Regime.