bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large litters have a detrimental impact on litter performance and postpartum maternal behaviour in primiparous sows
Authors: Lee Juho , Shin Hyeonwook , Kim Junsik , Lee Geonil , Yun Jinhyeon 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Our previous study confirmed that large litter size adversely affects prepartum maternal hormones and behaviour, concurrently with heightened oxidative stress in primiparous sows. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of large litter size on litter performance, postpartum maternal behaviour, salivary cortisol levels, and colostral immunoglobulin levels in sows, as well as investigate their correlations with the levels of oxidative stress parameters.

Results
A total of 24 primiparous sows (Landrace$$ \times $$Large white) and their offspring were categorised into two groups based on litter size: NORMAL (n = 8) with litter size ranging from 7 to 14 (mean 11.5$$ \pm $$2.7), and LARGE (n=16) with litter size ranging from 15 to 20 (mean 15.9$$ \pm $$1.4). All sows were housed in a group housing system during gestation and transitioned to an adaptable loose housing system (2.4$$ \times $$2.3 m) during the farrowing and lactation periods. The nursing and carefulness behaviour of the sows was monitored over a 24-h period between 72 and 96 h after parturition. Saliva samples were collected for cortisol assay on 35, 21, and 7 days before parturition (D-35, D-21, and D-7, respectively), as well as on days 1, 7, and 28 after parturition (D1, D7, and D28, respectively). On D1, higher piglet mortality rates were observed among the LARGE group compared to the NORMAL group (p<0.01). The total and successful nursing behaviours of the sows were less frequent in the LARGE group than in the NORMAL group (p<0.05, for both), and the carefulness score of the LARGE group was also lower than that of the NORMAL group (p< 0.01). On D1, cortisol levels in LARGE sows were higher than those in NORMAL sows (p< 0.05), and for other time points (D-21, D-7, D7, and D28), cortisol levels in LARGE sows tended to be higher than those in NORMAL sows (p < 0.10, for all). Successful nursing behaviour displayed negative correlations with levels of salivary cortisol and certain oxidative stress parameters measured on D1.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that the strategy for alleviating physiological and oxidative stress during the peripartum periods could benefit potential postpartum maternal behaviour and litter performance in the sows with large litters.
Preclinical evaluation of new GRPR-antagonists with improved metabolic stability for radiotheranostic use in oncology
Authors: Kanellopoulos Panagiotis , Mattsson Adam , Abouzayed Ayman , Obeid Karim , Nock Berthold A. , Tolmachev Vladimir , Maina Theodosia , Orlova Anna 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
The gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) has been extensively studied as a biomolecular target for peptide-based radiotheranostics. However, the lack of metabolic stability and the rapid clearance of peptide radioligands, including radiolabeled GRPR-antagonists, often impede clinical application. Aiming at circumventing these drawbacks, we have designed three new GRPR-antagonist radioligands using [99mTc]Tc-DB15 ([99mTc]Tc-N4-AMA-DIG-DPhe-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-Sar-His-Leu-NHEt; AMA: p-aminomethylaniline; DIG: diglycolate) as a motif, due to its high GRPR-affinity and stability to neprilysin (NEP). The new analogues carry the DOTAGA-chelator (1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1-glutaric acid-4,7,10-triacetic acid) through different linkers at the N-terminus to allow for labeling with the theranostic radionuclide pair In-111/Lu-177. After labeling with In-111 the following radioligands were evaluated: (i) [111In]In-AU-SAR-M1 ([111In]In-DOTAGA-AMA-DIG-DPhe-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-Sar-His-Leu-NHEt), (ii) [111In]In-AU-SAR-M2 ([111In]In-[DOTAGA-Arg]AU-SAR-M1) and (iii) [111In]In-AU-SAR-M3 ([111In]In-[DOTAGA-DArg]AU-SAR-M1).

Results
These radioligands were compared in a series of in vitro assays using prostate adenocarcinoma PC-3 cells and in murine models. They all displayed high and GRPR-specific uptake in PC-3 cells. Analysis of mice blood collected 5 min post-injection (pi) revealed similar or even higher metabolic stability of the new radioligands compared with [99mTc]Tc-DB15. The stability could be further increased when the mice were treated with Entresto® to in situ induce NEP-inhibition. In PC-3 xenograft-bearing mice, [111In]In-AU-SAR-M1 displayed the most favourable biodistribution profile, combining a good tumor retention with the highest tumor-to-organ ratios, with the kidneys as the dose-limiting organ.

Conclusions
These findings strongly point at AU-SAR-M1 as a promising radiotherapeutic candidate when labeled with Lu-177, or other medically appealing therapeutic radiometals, especially when combined with in situ NEP-inhibition. To this goal further investigations are currently pursued.
Glioma grading using an optimized T1-weighted dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging paradigm
Authors: Abdi Aza Ismail 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Glioma grading is a critical procedure for selecting the most effective treatment policy. Biopsy result is the gold standard method for glioma grading, but inherent sampling errors in the biopsy procedure could lead to tumor misclassification.

Aim
This study evaluated grading performances of a more comprehensive collection of the physiological indices quantified using an optimized dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) paradigm for glioma grading.

Methods
Thirty-five patients with glioma underwent DCE-MR imaging to evaluate the grading performances of DCE-MRI-derived physiological indices. The statistical differences in the physiological indices between the different grades of gliomas were studied, and the grading performances of these parameters were evaluated using the leave-one-out cross-validation method.

Results
There were significant statistical differences in DCE-MRI-derived physiological indices between the different grades of gliomas. The mean rCBVs for grade II (low-grade glioma, LGG), grade III, grade IV, and high-grade (HGG) gliomas were 2.03 ± 0.78, 3.61 ± 1.64, 7.14 ± 3.19, and 5.28 ± 3.02, respectively. The mean rCBFs of 1.94 ± 0.97, 2.67 ± 0.96, 4.57 ± 1.77, and 3.57 ± 1.68 were, respectively, quantified for grade II (LGG), grade III, grade IV, and high-grade gliomas. The leave-one-out cross-validation method indicates that the grades of glioma tumors could be determined based on a specific threshold for each physiological index; for example, the optimal cutoff values for rCBF, rCBV, Ktrans, Kep, and Vp indices to distinguish between HGGs and LGGs were 2.11, 2.80, 0.025 mL/g min, 0.29 min−1, and 0.065 mL/g, respectively.

Conclusions
From the results, it could be concluded that glioma grades could be determined using DCE-MRI-derived physiological indices with an acceptable agreement with histopathological results.
Multilevel approaches to address disparities in lung cancer screening: a study protocol
Authors: Williams Randi M. , Whealan Julia , Taylor Kathryn L. , Adams-Campbell Lucile , Miller Kristen E. , Foley Kristie , Luta George , Brandt Heather , Glassmeyer Katharine , Sangraula Anu , Yee Peyton , Camidge Kaylin , Blumenthal Joseph , Modi Saumil , Kratz Heather 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Low-dose computed tomography (lung cancer screening) can reduce lung cancer-specific mortality by 20–24%. Based on this evidence, the United States Preventive Services Task Force recommends annual lung cancer screening for asymptomatic high-risk individuals. Despite this recommendation, utilization is low (3–20%). Lung cancer screening may be particularly beneficial for African American patients because they are more likely to have advanced disease, lower survival, and lower screening rates compared to White individuals. Evidence points to multilevel approaches that simultaneously address multiple determinants to increase screening rates and decrease lung cancer burden in minoritized populations. This study will test the effects of provider- and patient-level strategies for promoting equitable lung cancer screening utilization.

Methods
Guided by the Health Disparities Research Framework and the Practical, Robust Implementation and Sustainability Model, we will conduct a quasi-experimental study with four primary care clinics within a large health system (MedStar Health). Individuals eligible for lung cancer screening, defined as 50–80 years old, ≥ 20 pack-years, currently smoking, or quit < 15 years, no history of lung cancer, who have an appointment scheduled with their provider, and who are non-adherent to screening will be identified via the EHR, contacted, and enrolled (N = 184 for implementation clinics, N = 184 for comparison clinics; total N = 368). Provider participants will include those practicing at the partner clinics (N = 26). To increase provider-prompted discussions about lung screening, an electronic health record (EHR) clinician reminder will be sent to providers prior to scheduled visits with the screening-eligible participants. To increase patient-level knowledge and patient activation about screening, an inreach specialist will conduct a pre-visit phone-based educational session with participants. Patient participants will be assessed at baseline and 1-week post-visit to measure provider-patient discussion, screening intentions, and knowledge. Screening referrals and screening completion rates will be assessed via the EHR at 6 months. We will use mixed methods and multilevel assessments of patients and providers to evaluate the implementation outcomes (adoption, feasibility, acceptability, and fidelity).

Discussion
The study will inform future work designed to measure the independent and overlapping contributions of the multilevel implementation strategies to advance equity in lung screening rates.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04675476. Registered December 19, 2020.
A novel depolymerase specifically degrades the K62-type capsular polysaccharide of Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Pan Yuqing , Chen Huagen , Ma Ruijing , Wu Yongqin , Lun Heyuan , Wang Aixi , He Kai , Yu Jingran , He Ping 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCarbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) is emerging as an imminent threat to worldwide public health because of its high level of antimicrobial resistance, which can result in severe and challenging-to-treat infections. The capsular polysaccharide (CPS) of bacteria is well acknowledged as a crucial virulence factor that shields K. pneumoniae from the host’s innate immune system. Polysaccharide depolymerase, encoded by bacteriophages, can hydrolyze the CPS of K. pneumoniae and may be a promising approach for treating K. pneumoniae infections. In this study, we identified a novel K62-type capsule depolymerase (K62-Dpo30) from the K. pneumoniae phage SH-KP2492. We demonstrated that the K62-Dpo30 depolymerase could specifically degrade the CPS of K62-type K. pneumoniae strains and promote the susceptibility of K62-type K. pneumoniae strains to serum and neutrophil killing. Furthermore, our findings highlight the potential of the K62-Dpo30 depolymerase as a reliable K. pneumoniae capsular typing tool.
Assessment of borehole breakouts from acoustic image log and its geomechanical implications — A case study from Triassic-Ordovician interval of the Berkaoui Field, southeastern Algeria
Authors: Baouche Rafik , Sen Souvik 
Published: February 2024

In this study, we interpret a cumulative 600 m acoustic image log across the Triassic to Cambro-Ordovician interval in the Berkaoui oil field, Algeria. We interpret 40 distinct breakout zones that have a combined length of 210 m. These breakouts are aligned in the north-northeast–south-southwest direction, indicating a mean maximum horizontal stress (SHmax) azimuth of 110°N. The observed breakouts are ranked as “A-Quality” following the World Stress Map ranking guidelines. The angular width of each breakout has been inferred from the image log analysis and the same has been used to infer the SHmax gradient by stress polygon approach following the frictional faulting mechanism. The stress polygon across all the breakout intervals provides a practical Shmax range between 24.7 MPa/km and 31.1 MPa/km, with an average gradient of approximately 27 MPa/km. Considering the Shmin range across the studied intervals, we infer a SHmax/Shmin ratio dominantly between 1.40 and 1.65, which is a much narrower and better-constrained range when compared with the previously published ranges from nearby fields with the same stratigraphy. The relative magnitudes of the in situ stresses indicate a strike-slip faulting regime in the Berkaoui Field. This study presents the utility of image log analysis and the integration of breakout interpretation to obtain a more robust geomechanical model with reduced SHmax uncertainty.
From the Margins: There Must Be More to History than Logic
Authors: Tanaka Stefan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This review opens a conversation with Japan's Russia on hierarchy and hegemony in modern history. The goal declared in the volume's subtitle is ambitious: to challenge the East-West paradigm. The East-West binary is an old one and has been subject to many important and sophisticated critiques. But unlike most, which have focused on the problem of some East and the hegemony of the West, this volume brings two marginalized places, two Easts, into interaction. By doing so, these essays destabilize the grounding of modern history in absolute time and absolute space. Time, space, and the document have been foundational elements in modern history, especially in the marginalization of various peoples. By expanding the past to pasts and focusing on interactions, times, and permeable boundaries, this collection shows the potential of those margins for a more heterogeneous (and less hegemonic) history.
Development and evolution of the primate neocortex from a progenitor cell perspective
Authors: Dehay Colette , Huttner Wieland B. 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
The generation of neurons in the developing neocortex is a major determinant of neocortex size. Crucially, the increase in cortical neuron numbers in the primate lineage, notably in the upper-layer neurons, contributes to increased cognitive abilities. Here, we review major evolutionary changes affecting the apical progenitors in the ventricular zone and focus on the key germinal zone constituting the foundation of neocortical neurogenesis in primates, the outer subventricular zone (OSVZ). We summarize characteristic features of the OSVZ and its key stem cell type, the basal (or outer) radial glia. Next, we concentrate on primate-specific and human-specific genes, expressed in OSVZ-progenitors, the ability of which to amplify these progenitors by targeting the regulation of the cell cycle ultimately underlies the evolutionary increase in upper-layer neurons. Finally, we address likely differences in neocortical development between present-day humans and Neanderthals that are based on human-specific amino acid substitutions in proteins operating in cortical progenitors.
Attitudes and practices regarding COVID-19 preventive measures in diverse settings of Mozambique: a qualitative study
Authors: Magaço Amílcar , Cumbane Constantino , Cambaco Olga , Boene Helena , Mucavele Estevão , Cossa Saquina , Amosse Felizarda , Materrula Felisbela , Cossa Hermínio , Munguambe Khátia 
Published: February 2024

Background: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) first broke out in Wuhan, China, on 29 December 2019; since then, it has taken hundreds of thousands of lives worldwide. Although adopting different containment measures, it spread rapidly over the world. In Mozambique, the government declared a state of emergency in March 2020, associated with a number of preventive measures to reduce the spread and delay the peak of virus’ infections. This paper seeks to analyze the attitudes and practices related to COVID-19 preventive measures during first period of state of emergency in Mozambique in both in rural and urban settings. Methods: A community-based, cross-sectional and qualitative study was conducted in six urban and five rural settings in Mozambique. In total, 295 semi-structured interviews were conducted with community members, of which 23 were face-to-face and 272 through telephone interviews. Interviews were digitally audio recorded, verbatim transcribed, and entered into an Excel matrix followed by a structured data content analysis. The Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ) guidelines for reporting qualitative studies were performed. Results: In general, participants reported that it was necessary to change their habits, reducing activities and their mobility, such as: going out to work, for business, and visiting family, to reduce the risk of contracting COVID-19. In addition, some participants reported adopting several COVID-19 preventive measures in public spaces and at home, such as: wearing a mask, washing their hands, and social and physical distancing. Conclusions: Although the majority of participants reported adopting most of COVID-19 preventive measures at home and in public spaces, much work is still needed to improve the knowledge of COVID-19 preventive measures and practices. The results of our study suggest a greater awareness of residents and users of public places about established standards and preventive procedures concerning COVID-19.
Ability of commercial Beauveria bassiana to suppress the brown planthopper attack by inducing resistance into different rice variety
Authors: LISWANDI ANTONI , SYAHRAWATI MY , HAMID HASMIANDY , ARNETI ARNETI , RINALDI JAMES 
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Liswandi A, Syahrawati M, Hamid H, Arneti, Rinaldi J. 2023. Ability of commercial Beauveria bassiana to suppress the brown planthopper attack by inducing resistance into different rice variety. Biodiversitas 24: 6704-6710. Beauveria bassiana (Bb) is one of the biological agents for controlling the Brown Planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens, which is generally applied directly to BPH. Nowadays, it is also used to induce resistance in rice plants; this ability has never been tested on commercial B. bassiana. The research aimed to study the effect of different rice varieties and induced resistance of commercial Bb on BPH and rice plants. The study used a Factorial Completely Randomized Design (FCRD). The first factor was the difference in rice varieties (IR 42, Cisokan, Batang Piaman), and the second factor was the soaking of the seeds and roots by commercial Bb (with commercial Bb, without commercial Bb). The results showed no interaction between rice variety and commercial Bb against BPH and rice plants. Commercial Bb reduced the attack intensity of BPH (13.31%); meanwhile, different rice varieties influenced BPH mortality, colonization, and plant growth. The Cisokan variety was better at suppressing the BPH population (45%) and suitable for colonization by commercial Bb. The IR 42 variety was more responsive than other varieties in accepting the presence of commercial Bb (16%).
Potential use of phytochemical from ethanolic extract of green seaweed Ulva reticulata in aquaculture
Authors: TARIGAN NURBETY , SUDRAJAT AGUS O. , ARFAH HARTON , ALIMUDDIN ALIMUDDIN , WAHJUNINGRUM DINAMELLA 
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Tarigan N, Sudrajat AO, Arfah H, Alimuddin A, Wahjuningrum D. 2023. Potential use of phytochemical from ethanolic extract of green seaweed Ulva reticulata in aquaculture. Biodiversitas 24: 6868-6879. Ulva reticulata is green seaweed with potential phytochemical properties in the aquaculture sector. Therefore, this study aims to determine phytochemical components and evaluate the toxicity of Ulva reticulata ethanolic extract on aquatic animals. The primary constituents in the sample were extracted using the maceration method with 96% ethanol. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method, while toxicity level was determined using the Brine Shrimp Lethal Test (BSLT) method at concentrations of 0, 10, 100, 300, 500, 1000, and 2000 mg L-1. The results showed that Ulva reticulata ethanolic extract was qualitatively composed of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, phenols, and steroids with mid (++), low (+), low (+), low (+), low (+), and mid (++) activity levels, respectively. Based on quantitative analysis, the sample was composed of sitosterol (19.01 mg g-1), stigmasterol (35.00 mg g-1), saponins (17.04 mg g-1), flavonoids (82.16 mg QE 100 g-1), total phenols (144.00 g QE 100 g-1), and tannins (49.03 mg g-1). Furthermore, Ulva reticulata ethanolic extract had a strong antioxidant level with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 53.00 ppm. The toxicity test showed that the 50% lethal concentration (LC50) of the sample was 481.86 mg L-1. These results showed that Ulva reticulata ethanolic extract was a non-toxic material with a high potential for phytochemical properties that could be beneficial for fish growth, reproduction, and health.
Hospitals, Aviation and Business
Authors:   Phoenix Pulmonary and Critical Care Research and Education Foundation, Gilbert, AZ USA, Robbins Richard 
Published: February 2024

No abstract available. Article truncated after 150 words. Boeing’s recent troubles remind us that in many ways, healthcare is like aviation: 1.	They are both highly technical endeavors, guided by highly educated and trained personnel such as physicians and pilots. 2.	Even small mistakes can be devastating. 3.	Operating margins (operating income/revenue) are very low. 4.	Both are led by businessmen not trained in the industry. 5.	Some have put profit ahead of safety. The cockpit of the typical airliner or the multitude of instruments in the typical intensive care unit demonstrates that aviation and medicine are both highly technical. Airline pilots have a minimum of 1,500 hours of flight time. This includes time spent obtaining a private pilot’s license, commercial license, instrument rating, multiengine rating, and airline transport pilot (ATP) certificate. Pilots often have additional in type ratings for turboprop or jet engines. Many have spent time as flight instructors and normally have at least 5 years …
Simplified coherent optical network units for very-high-speed passive optical networks
Authors: Kovacs Istvan Bence , Faruk Md. Saifuddin , Torres-Ferrera Pablo , Savory Seb J. 
Published: February 2024

Future passive optical networks (PONs) for 200Gb/s/λ, and beyond, pose a significant technological challenge. The use of coherent technology in access networks provides a great solution based on concepts from mature technologies to achieve the speeds needed for very-high-speed PON (VHSP). In this paper, we provide an overview of the currently demonstrated technologies and propose a possible simplified optical network unit (ONU) for time division multiplex PON (TDM-PON). The proposed ONU uses a single polarization heterodyne receiver, using either a balanced photodiode or a single-ended one and an electro-absorption modulated laser (EML)-based transmitter. The experimental demonstration using the proposed ONU in a bidirectional, symmetrical transmission over fiber distances of 20 km and 40 km shows the viability of the technology. The downstream direction achieves a power budget of 34.3/29.3 dB for 20 km and 33.9/29 dB for 40 km, for a balanced/single-ended receiver, whereas the upstream transmission achieves 29.3 dB for both scenarios.