bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating modularity in the hominine skull related to feeding biomechanics
Authors: Jung Hyunwoo , Strait David , Rolian Campbell , Baab Karen L. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectivesModular architecture of traits in complex organisms can be important for morphological evolution at micro‐ and sometimes macroevolutionary scales as it may influence the tempo and direction of changes to groups of traits that are essential for particular functions, including food acquisition and processing. We tested several distinct hypotheses about craniofacial modularity in the hominine skull in relation to feeding biomechanics.Materials and MethodsFirst, we formulated hypothesized functional modules for craniofacial traits reflecting specific demands of feeding biomechanics (e.g., masseter leverage/gape or tooth crown mechanics) in Homo sapiens, Pan troglodytes, and Gorilla gorilla. Then, the pattern and strength of modular signal was quantified by the covariance ratio coefficient and compared across groups using covariance ratio effect size. Hierarchical clustering analysis was then conducted to examine whether a priori‐defined functional modules correspond to empirically recovered clusters.ResultsThere was statistical support for most a priori‐defined functional modules in the cranium and half of the functional modules in the mandible. Modularity signal was similar in the cranium and mandible, and across the three taxa. Despite a similar strength of modularity, the empirically recovered clusters do not map perfectly onto our priori functional modules, indicating that further work is needed to refine our hypothesized functional modules.ConclusionThe results suggest that modular structure of traits in association with feeding biomechanics were mostly shared with humans and the two African apes. Thus, conserved patterns of functional modularity may have facilitated evolutionary changes to the skull during human evolution.
A rare case of 2q37 deletion syndrome presented with patent foramen ovale
Authors: Zaki Ahmed , Shaheen Nour , Hosny Mohamed , Ramadan Abdelraouf , Nashwan Abdulqadir J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis case report presents a 3‐year‐old female child diagnosed with 2q37 deletion syndrome and patent foramen ovale, and the improvement in hypotonia and gross motor delay after 1 year of physical therapy. This case highlights the importance of thorough examination and diagnostic testing in identifying underlying causes of developmental delays.
Surgical tool entrapment in a young patient with recurrent lumbar spinal stenosis: a case report
Authors: Zali Alireza , Herfedoust Biazar Bijan , Saleki Kiarash , Akhlaghdoust Meisam 
Published: November 2023

Key Clinical MessageLumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is a prevalent cause of leg and back pain. In the youth, LSS is not common and mainly results from hereditary musculoskeletal disorders. Moreover, spinal fusion is a surgical approach to the treatment of LSS. Entrapment of surgical tools due to breakage is a rare yet important phenomenon in such operations. Therefore, neurological sequelae of these events need to be explored. The case was a 24‐year‐old male complaining of local back pain. Initially, he was diagnosed with LSS at L4 and L5. After the fusion of the vertebrae by the posterior spinal fusion (PSF) method, the patient's pain was resolved. However, the subject complained of worsening local back pain limiting his ability to do routine tasks. A few years later, radiographical evaluations indicated the possible presence of a surgical tool that could not be removed via surgery. During a third operation, the object was removed, and the patient's symptoms recovered. Immediate removal of entrapped surgical objects is necessary due to risks associated with migration and central nervous system damage. Comparing our results to other similar reports, we conclude that in cases of foreign object entrapment, neurological sequelae may be nonexistent or progressively worsen. Also, sequelae emerge either soon after the operation or emerge later. This complicates the diagnosis of such events and the decision of whether to subject the patient to additional neurosurgical operations to remove the tool. These variations may be observed due to the moving of the entrapped tool. Follow‐up of neurological sequelae in spinal surgery patients is recommended.
Prevesical hydatid cyst: A case report
Authors: Mesfin Telila , Taha Muhammadamin , Sahiledengle Biniyam , Nigusu Fikadu , Seyoum Kenbon , Geta Girma , Ejigu Neway , Zenbaba Demisu , Desta Fikreab , Gomora Degefa , Dadi Sisay , Bezaw Elias , Erdachew Tsegaye , Kusa Getu , Tsegaye Mesfin 
Published: November 2023

Key Clinical MessageHydatid cyst is a zoonotic disease caused by a tapeworm of the genus Echinococcus granulosus either in its adult or larval forms. Original pelvic cysts are rare; however, the majority of abdominal and pelvic hydatid cysts are believed to result from inadvertent surgical inoculation or spontaneous rupture from a primary hepatic focus. We present a 35‐year‐old female patient who visited our facility complaining of lower abdominal pain that had persisted for the last 5 months.
The Unexpected Leader: Discovering the Leader Within You
Authors: Johnson Vicky V. 
Published: November 2023

In her book The Unexpected Leader: Discovering the Leader Within You, Jacqueline M. Baker makes the case that anyone can be a leader by declaring it so, committing to the process of growth, and customizing that growth to one's own unique approach. The book is structured in three large sections. Part I, titled “What to Expect When You’re Expecting Leadership,” This section seeks to dispel the typical default notion of a leader as only one who is already successful, accomplished, and visible. Leadership is characterized as being possible for anyone and indeed is already present in everyone, even if in more mundane forms. The author builds on this as a beginning and as assurance that developing the leader within is possible and accessible.
Exploring perceptions of frailty, resilience, and self‐efficacy in older adults and caregivers in acute care context
Authors: Lim Siew Hoon , Østbye Truls , Seah Vivian Q. H. , Aloweni Fazila 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to explore the experience and perceptions of frailty in hospitalized older adults and caregivers caring for older adults, in relation to resilience and self‐efficacy. A qualitative explorative descriptive study design was utilized. Face to face interviews were conducted from September 2020 to July 2021 with 24 older adults who were 65 years and above and hospitalized in the acute care hospital. Ten informal family caregivers were also recruited. Data were analysed using an inductive content analysis approach. Frailty encompassed physical elements as well as manifestations of psychological traits, fear of the unknown, and being in control. Resilience was determined by individual psychological traits and mindset, and the possession of a coping mechanism. Self‐efficacy could influence both frailty and resilience through inner motivation and assistance received. Older adults and family caregivers reported that considerable decline in physical health with age and level of perseverance can determine the level of frailty. Resilience and self‐efficacy play a pivotal role in the context of frailty. Understanding resilience in this context will assist nurses to facilitate the use of individual and sociocultural resources to improve the way resilience is experienced by older adults. Various coping strategies can enhance self‐efficacy and build greater resilience in older adults, including maintaining their active involvement in health management and social life.
Fabrication and characterization of PLLA/PCL/Mg‐Zn‐Y alloy composite stent
Authors: Srivastava Alok , Singh Shweta , Agrawal Mohit , Bhati Pooja , Kumari Nisha , Pandya Madhur , Vashisth Priya , Chauhan Pankaj , Bhatnagar Naresh 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBioresorbable polymeric stents (BPS) can become a promising alternative over permanent stents, as it reduce in‐stent thrombosis, endothelial dysfunction, and thrombogenicity. Although, a few limitations like uncontrolled degradation, inadequate strength, and lack of radiopacity restrict its application. Thus, a novel bioresorbable radiopaque Mg‐Zn‐Y Alloy (BRM) of high effective atomic number (Zeff) was developed to reinforce and attenuate X‐rays in the polymers. After that, the optimized BRM microparticles were blended with radiolucent poly (L‐lactide)/poly (ε‐caprolactone) (PLLA/PCL) polymer and extruded into biaxially expanded (BAE) tubes. Further, in this work, BAE tubes of PLLA/PCL/BRM and PLLA/PCL were cut using the optimized Femtosecond laser machine (FSLM) parameters for fabricating cardiovascular stents. These stent materials were assessed to sustain the angioplasty procedure, such as radial strength, crimping, recoil, expansion process, and performance under cycling loading.Highlights
A novel biodegradable radiopaque Mg‐Zn‐Y alloy was developed.
Adding Mg alloy (5% wt.) in PLLA/PCL imparts X‐ray visibility.
Composite stents show better compressive radial strength and flexibility.
It also reveals low crimping recoil, expansion recoil, and foreshortening.
Composite stents can withstand arterial vasomotion better than PLLA/PCL.
Interfacial residues in protein–protein complexes are in the eyes of the beholder
Authors: Parvathy Jayadevan , Yazhini Arangasamy , Srinivasan Narayanaswamy , Sowdhamini Ramanathan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractInteractions between proteins are vital in almost all biological processes. The characterization of protein–protein interactions helps us understand the mechanistic basis of biological processes, thereby enabling the manipulation of proteins for biotechnological and clinical purposes. The interface residues of a protein–protein complex are assumed to have the following two properties: (a) they always interact with a residue of a partner protein, which forms the basis for distance‐based interface residue identification methods, and (b) they are solvent‐exposed in the isolated form of the protein and become buried in the complex form, which forms the basis for Accessible Surface Area (ASA)‐based methods. The study interrogates this popular assumption by recognizing interface residues in protein–protein complexes through these two methods. The results show that a few residues are identified uniquely by each method, and the extent of conservation, propensities, and their contribution to the stability of protein–protein interaction varies substantially between these residues. The case study analyses showed that interface residues, unique to distance, participate in crucial interactions that hold the proteins together, whereas the interface residues unique to the ASA method have a potential role in the recognition, dynamics, and specificity of the complex and can also be a hotspot. Overall, the study recommends applying both distance and ASA methods so that some interface residues missed by either method but crucial to the stability, recognition, dynamics, and function of protein–protein complexes are identified in a complementary manner.
Topology of Fold Map Germs from $$\mathbb R^3$$ to $$\mathbb R^5$$
Authors: Moya-Pérez J. A. , Nuño-Ballesteros J. J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLet $$f:(\mathbb R^3,0)\rightarrow (\mathbb R^5,0)$$

f
:

(

R
3

,
0
)

→

(

R
5

,
0
)

be an analytic map germ with isolated instability. Its link is a stable map which is obtained by taking the intersection of the image of f with a small enough sphere $$S^4_\epsilon $$

S
ϵ
4

centered at the origin in $$\mathbb R^5$$

R
5

. If f is of fold type, we define a labeled tree associated to its link and prove that is a complete topological invariant for it. As an application we obtain the complete topological classification of map germs contained in the $$\mathcal {A}^2$$

A

2

-class $$(x,y,z^2,xz,0)$$

(
x
,
y
,

z
2

,
x
z
,
0
)

.
Types of fish consumption differ across socioeconomic strata and impact differently on plasma fish-based omega-3 fatty acids: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Zhu Yinjie , Mierau Jochen O. , Riphagen Ineke J. , Heiner-Fokkema M. Rebecca , Dekker Louise H. , Navis Gerjan J. , Bakker Stephan J. L. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Purpose
We investigated the associations of socioeconomic position (SEP) with total and type of fish intake in a large general population and validated whether types of fish intake were differently associated with plasma EPA and DHA in a subset of the population.

Methods
From the Lifelines Cohort Study, 94,246 participants aged 44 ± 13 years old were included to test the association of two SEP indicators, i.e., education level and household income level, with dietary intakes of total, oily, lean, fried, and other types of fish. In a subset of 575 participants (mean age: 50 ± 13 years), EPA and DHA levels were measured in plasma phospholipids and triglycerides. Dietary fish intake was assessed using Food Frequency Questionnaire. Linear regressions were applied and adjusted for relevant covariates.

Results
Compared to the high education level, lower education levels were negatively associated with total, oily, lean, and other fish intake (p < 0.001 for all), and positively associated with fried fish intake (β (SE): 0.04 (0.04), p < 0.001 for middle education; 0.07 (0.04), p < 0.001 for low education), independently of relevant covariates. Similar results were observed for income levels. In the subset population, total and oily fish intakes were positively associated with plasma EPA and DHA (p < 0.02 for all). Lean and other fish intakes were positively associated with only DHA (p < 0.008 for all), but not EPA, while fried fish was not associated with either EPA or DHA in plasma (p > 0.1 for all).

Conclusion
Lower SEP was associated with a lower total intake of fish, and of oily and lean fish, but with higher intake of fried fish. Fried fish was not associated with the fish-based EPA and DHA in plasma. Hence, SEP-related differences in fish consumption are both quantitative and qualitative.
Composition and evolutionary characterization of the gut microbiota in pigs
Authors: Zhang Shuhong , Zhang Huan , Zhang Cheng , Wang Guan , Shi Chuanxing , Li Zhiqiang , Gao Fengyi , Cui Yanyan , Li Ming , Yang Guangli 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe intestinal microbiota plays significant role in the physiology and functioning of host organisms. However, there is limited knowledge of the composition and evolution of microbiota-host relationships from wild ancestors to modern domesticated species. In this study, the 16S rRNA gene V3–V4 in the intestinal contents of different pig breeds was analyzed and was compared using high-throughput sequencing. This identified 18 323 amplicon sequence variants, of which the Firmicutes and Actinobacteria phyla and Bifidobacterium and Allobaculum genera were most prevalent in wild pigs (WP). In contrast, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes predominated in Chinese Shanxi Black pigs (CSB), while Firmicutes were the most prevalent phylum in Large White pigs (LW) and Iberian pigs (IB), followed by Bacteroidetes in IB and Proteobacteria in LW. At the genus level, Shigella and Lactobacillus were most prevalent in CSB and LW, while Actinobacillus and Sarcina predominated in IB. Differential gene expression together with phylogenetic and functional analyses indicated significant differences in the relative abundance of microbial taxa between different pig breeds. Although many microbial taxa were common to both wild and domestic pigs, significant diversification was observed in bacterial genes that potentially influence host phenotypic traits. Overall, these findings suggested that both the composition and functions of the microbiota were closely associated with domestication and the evolutionary changes in the host. The members of the microbial communities were vertically transmitted in pigs, with evidence of co-evolution of both the hosts and their intestinal microbial communities. These results enhance our understanding and appreciation of the complex interactions between intestinal microbes and hosts and highlight the importance of applying this knowledge in agricultural and microbiological research.
Chemical Composition Analysis and Multi-index Component Content Determination of Compounds in Goupi Plaster Based on UPLC–Q-Exactive-MS and UPLC–MS/MS
Authors: Xue Yunfeng , Guan Tong , Liu Jia , Wang Jiajing , Yang Zhixin , Guan Feng , Li Weinan , Wang Yanhong 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Objective
This study sought to evaluate and validate a method for chemical composition analysis and content determination of Goupi plaster components, a conventional prescription preparation of traditional Chinese medicine. This is geared toward providing a basis for quality control research and future development of Goupi plaster.

Methods
UPLC–Q-Exactive-MS was used to qualitatively analyze the chemical components of Goupi plaster from different manufacturers in positive and negative ion modes. UPLC–MS/MS method was used to establish the determination methods for the detection of sinomenine, osthole, and cinnamaldehyde in Goupi plaster from different manufacturers.

Results
A total of 291 chemical components were identified in Goupi plaster from four manufacturers, including 97 chemical components with known source and pharmacological activity. Further, we determined the contents of sinomenine, osthole, and cinnamaldehyde.

Conclusion
In summary, the UPLC–Q-Exactive-MS method was used to analyze the chemical components of Goupi plaster from different manufacturers. We established the UPLC–MS/MS method to determine the contents of sinomenine, osthole, and cinnamaldehyde in Goupi plaster from different manufacturers. The findings indicated that the method was comprehensive, rapid, and accurate, preliminarily revealing the material basis of Goupi plaster and providing a reference for follow-up development of Goupi plaster.
Identifying the motives for and against drinking during pregnancy and motherhood, and factors associated with increased maternal alcohol use
Authors: Fleming Kate M. , Gomez Katalin Ujhelyi , Goodwin Laura , Rose Abigail K. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Aim
Maternal drinking (alcohol use during pregnancy/motherhood) is a hidden public health concern which can have significant negative effects on the woman and child. This pilot survey explored several domains that might influence maternal drinking.

Subject and methods
Two cross-sectional, online surveys recruited (1) women who were pregnant and (2) mothers who were not pregnant. Surveys captured data on alcohol use and harmful drinking, attitudes on and motives for drinking/not drinking, and perceived barriers to drinking less. Content analysis of free text responses complemented quantitative data.

Results
In this convenience sample of 836 pregnant women and 589 mothers, 91% of pregnant women and 28% of mothers reported abstinence. Of those reporting alcohol use, median consumption was 2.3 units/week in pregnant women, and 6.9 units/week in non-pregnant mothers. Of mothers currently drinking, 25.1% reported hazardous or harmful levels. Heavier drinking was associated with numerous motives, including using alcohol as a coping strategy. Child welfare was a key motivating factor for not drinking, as were practical issues of motherhood. The stresses of motherhood were a perceived barrier to reducing drinking, and mothers reported more barriers than pregnant women.

Conclusion
Stress reduction motives may be a risk factor for heavier maternal drinking, while motives for not drinking seem to be focused on child welfare and maternal well-being. Stress and a lack of knowledge about how to reduce drinking appear to be barriers for mothers to change their drinking behaviour. These findings can inform the development of effective public health interventions to reduce maternal drinking.
Ecological Niche and Positive Clusters of Two West Nile Virus Vectors in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Talbot Benoit , Kulkarni Manisha A. , Rioux-Rousseau Maxime , Siebels Kevin , Kotchi Serge Olivier , Ogden Nicholas H. , Ludwig Antoinette 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWest Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne pathogen associated with uncommon but severe neurological complications in humans, especially among the elderly and immune-compromised. In Northeastern North America, the Culex pipiens/restuans complex and Aedes vexans are the two principal vector mosquito species/species groups of WNV. Using a 10-year surveillance dataset of WNV vector captures at 118 sites across an area of 40,000 km2 in Eastern Ontario, Canada, the ecological niches of Cx. pipiens/restuans and Aedes vexans were modeled by random forest analysis. Spatiotemporal clusters of WNV-positive mosquito pools were identified using Kulldorf’s spatial scan statistic. The study region encompasses land cover types and climate representative of highly populated Southeastern Canada. We found highest vector habitat suitability in the eastern half of the study area, where temperatures are generally warmer (variable importance > 0.40) and residential and agricultural cropland cover is more prominent (variable importance > 0.25). We found spatiotemporal clusters of high WNV infection rates around the city of Ottawa in both mosquito vector species. These results support the previous literature in the same region and elsewhere suggesting areas surrounding highly populated areas are also high-risk areas for vector-borne zoonoses such as the WNV.
Bacterial cellulose produced by Medusomyces gisevii on glucose and sucrose: biosynthesis and structural properties
Authors: Digel Ilya , Akimbekov Nuraly , Rogachev Evgeniy , Pogorelova Natalia 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this work, the effects of carbon sources and culture media on the production and structural properties of bacterial cellulose (BC) synthesized by Medusomyces gisevii have been studied. The culture medium was composed of different initial concentrations of glucose or sucrose dissolved in 0.4% extract of plain green tea. Parameters of the culture media (titratable acidity, substrate conversion degree etc.) were monitored daily for 20 days of cultivation. The BC pellicles produced on different carbon sources were characterized in terms of biomass yield, crystallinity and morphology by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), atomic force microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Our results showed that Medusomyces gisevii had higher BC yields in media with sugar concentrations close to 10 g L−1 after a 18–20 days incubation period. Glucose in general lead to a higher BC yield (173 g L−1) compared to sucrose (163.5 g L−1). The BC crystallinity degree and surface roughness were higher in the samples synthetized from sucrose. Obtained FE-SEM micrographs show that the BC pellicles synthesized in the sucrose media contained densely packed tangles of cellulose fibrils whereas the BC produced in the glucose media displayed rather linear geometry of the BC fibrils without noticeable aggregates.