bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards a central origin of nociceptive hypersensitivity in adult rats after a neonatal maternal separation
Authors: Gieré Clémence , Menger Yannick , Illouz Hannah , Melchior Meggane , Lelièvre Vincent , Poisbeau Pierrick 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEarly life adversities influence a nervous system still in development with long‐term consequences for later life. These include nociceptive circuit alterations critical to shape an adaptive pain response to protect the organism from potential damage. Adult rats with a history of neonatal maternal separation (NMS) display visceral and somatic nociceptive hypersensitivity and inefficient analgesic responses to stress. In this study, we have characterized the consequences of NMS on wide dynamic range neurons (WDR) in the spinal cord of anaesthetized adult rats during the nociceptive processing of hot and cold noxious information. We found that WDR neurons of NMS rats display an excessive coding of mechanical and thermal information applied at the rat's hindpaws. This nicely explains the hypernociceptive behaviours seen after noxious mechanical, cold and hot peripheral stimulation. A peripheral change in the expression of molecular transducers for these stimuli (i.e., TRPV1, TRPM8 and TRPA1) does not seem to account for this general hyperexcitability. Instead, a decreased chloride‐mediated inhibitory tone on WDR neurons may play a role as indicated by the abnormal elevation of the type 1 Na‐K‐Cl cotransporter transcripts. Altogether, we propose that long‐term consequences of NMS are associated with reduced spinal cord inhibition favouring the expression of pain hypersensitivity. We cannot exclude that this phenomenon is also present at supraspinal sites, as other NMS‐associated symptoms include excessive anxiety and impaired sociability.
Hydraulic variability of tropical forests is largely independent of water availability
Authors: Smith‐Martin Chris M. , Muscarella Robert , Hammond William M. , Jansen Steven , Brodribb Timothy J. , Choat Brendan , Johnson Daniel M. , Vargas‐G German , Uriarte María 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTropical rainforest woody plants have been thought to have uniformly low resistance to hydraulic failure and to function near the edge of their hydraulic safety margin (HSM), making these ecosystems vulnerable to drought; however, this may not be the case. Using data collected at 30 tropical forest sites for three key traits associated with drought tolerance, we show that site‐level hydraulic diversity of leaf turgor loss point, resistance to embolism (P50), and HSMs is high across tropical forests and largely independent of water availability. Species with high HSMs (>1 MPa) and low P50 values (< −2 MPa) are common across the wet and dry tropics. This high site‐level hydraulic diversity, largely decoupled from water stress, could influence which species are favoured and become dominant under a drying climate. High hydraulic diversity could also make these ecosystems more resilient to variable rainfall regimes.
Blood–brain barrier permeability is associated with different neuroinflammatory profiles in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Bruno Matilde , Bonomi Chiara Giuseppina , Ricci Francesco , Di Donna Martina Gaia , Mercuri Nicola Biagio , Koch Giacomo , Martorana Alessandro , Motta Caterina 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIntroductionInflammation is an important player in Alzheimer's disease (AD), whose effects can be influenced by the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Here, we investigated the relationship between BBB permeability, indicated by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)/plasma albumin quotient (Qalb), and CSF indexes of neuroinflammation in a cohort of biologically defined AD patients.MethodsFifty‐nine consecutive patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or early AD (Mini‐Mental State Examination [MMSE] >22) underwent CSF analysis for inflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL]‐1β, IL‐2, IL‐4, IL‐5, IL‐6, IL‐7, IL‐8, Il‐10, IL‐12, IL‐13, IL‐17, tumor necrosis factor‐α [TNF‐α], interferon‐γ [IFN‐γ], granulocyte‐monocyte colony‐stimulating factor [GM‐CSF], granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor [G‐CSF]). Using backward stepwise linear regression analysis, we explored the potential influence of each cytokine CSF level on Qalb considering age, sex, and apolipoprotein E (APOE) as covariates.ResultsHigher levels of IL‐4 (β = 0.356, 0.005) and IL‐8 (β = 0.249, 0.05) were associated with higher Qalb values, while macrophage inflammatory protein‐1α (MIP‐1β) (β = −0.274; p = 0.032) and TNF‐α (β = −0.248; p = 0.031) showed a significant negative association with BBB permeability. Age was also positively associated with Qalb (β = 0.283; p = 0.016).ConclusionsDespite the overall integrity of the BBB, its permeability could either influence or be influenced by central neuroinflammation, reflected by CSF cytokine levels. This is in line with previous studies that showed that patients with a more intact barrier are those with more prominent neurodegeneration. Our findings suggest that different neuroinflammatory profiles can be associated with different levels of BBB permeability in AD.
Anti‐seizure medication response and the glymphatic system in patients with focal epilepsy
Authors: Kim Sung‐Tae , Kim Sung Eun , Lee Dong Ah , Lee Ho‐Joon , Park Kang Min 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeWe aimed to evaluate (i) glymphatic system function in patients with focal epilepsy in comparison with healthy controls, and (ii) the association between anti‐seizure medication (ASM) response and glymphatic system function by using diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space (DTI‐ALPS).MethodsWe retrospectively enrolled 100 patients with focal epilepsy who had normal brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, and classified them as “poor” or “good” ASM responders according to their seizure control at the time of brain MRI. We also included 79 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls. All patients and healthy controls underwent conventional brain MRI and diffusion tensor imaging. The DTI‐ALPS index was calculated using the DSI studio program.ResultsOf the 100 patients with focal epilepsy, 38 and 62 were poor and good ASM responders, respectively. The DTI‐ALPS index differed significantly between patients with focal epilepsy and healthy controls and was significantly lower in patients with focal epilepsy (1.55 vs. 1.70; p < 0.001). The DTI‐ALPS index also differed significantly according to ASM response and was lower in poor ASM responders (1.48 vs. 1.59; p = 0.047). Furthermore, the DTI‐ALPS index was negatively correlated with age (r = −0.234, p = 0.019) and duration of epilepsy (r = −0.240, p = 0.016) in patients with focal epilepsy.ConclusionOur study is the first to identify, in focal epilepsy patients, a greater reduction in glymphatic system function among poor ASM responders compared to good responders. To confirm our results, further prospective multicenter studies with large sample sizes are needed.
The genomic response to urbanization in the damselfly Ischnura elegans
Authors: Babik W. , Dudek K. , Marszałek M. , Palomar G. , Antunes B. , Sniegula S. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe complex and rapid environmental changes brought about by urbanization pose significant challenges to organisms. The multifaceted effects of urbanization often make it difficult to define and pinpoint the very nature of adaptive urban phenotypes. In such situations, scanning genomes for regions differentiated between urban and non‐urban populations may be an attractive approach. Here, we investigated the genomic signatures of adaptation to urbanization in the damselfly Ischnura elegans sampled from 31 rural and urban localities in three geographic regions: southern and northern Poland, and southern Sweden. Genome‐wide variation was assessed using more than 370,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) genotyped by ddRADseq. Associations between SNPs and the level of urbanization were tested using two genetic environment association methods: Latent Factors Mixed Models and BayPass. While we found numerous candidate SNPs and a highly significant overlap between candidates identified by the two methods within the geographic regions, there was a distinctive lack of repeatability between the geographic regions both at the level of individual SNPs and of genomic regions. However, we found “synapse organization” at the top of the functional categories enriched among the genes located in the proximity of the candidate urbanization SNPs. Interestingly, the overall significance of “synapse organization” was built up by the accretion of different genes associated with candidate SNPs in different geographic regions. This finding is consistent with the highly polygenic nature of adaptation, where the response may be achieved through a subtle adjustment of allele frequencies in different genes that contribute to adaptive phenotypes. Taken together, our results point to a polygenic adaptive response in the nervous system, specifically implicating genes involved in synapse organization, which mirrors the findings from several genomic and behavioral studies of adaptation to urbanization in other taxa.
CogNLG: Cognitive graph for KG‐to‐text generation
Authors: Lai Peichao , Ye Feiyang , Fu Yanggeng , Chen Zhiwei , Wu Yingjie , Wang Yilei , Chang Victor 
Published: October 2023

AbstractKnowledge graph (KG) has been fully considered in natural language generation (NLG) tasks. A KG can help models generate controllable text and achieve better performance. However, most existing related approaches still lack explainability and scalability in large‐scale knowledge reasoning. In this work, we propose a novel CogNLG framework for KG‐to‐text generation tasks. Our CogNLG is implemented based on the dual‐process theory in cognitive science. It consists of two systems: one system acts as the analytic system for knowledge extraction, and another is the perceptual system for text generation by using existing knowledge. During text generation, CogNLG provides a visible and explainable reasoning path. Our framework shows excellent performance on all datasets and achieves a BLEU score of 36.7, which increases by 6.7 compared to the best competitor.
Vermicompost derived from mushroom residues improves soil C/P cycling, bacterial community, and fungal abundance
Authors: Jiang Dongqi , Wu Chenran , Wang Shuqiang , Zhang Yulan , Chen Zhenhua , Jiang Nan , Zhang Ying , Xie Hongtu 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe utilization of agricultural waste organic materials through composting technology has gained significant traction in agricultural production as an effective means of crop nutrient management. However, the differences in the impact of organic amendments prepared by traditional composting and vermicomposting on soil properties still deserve further research. Based on field experiments conducted in greenhouse, compared to chemical fertilizer treatments as control, we utilized traditional compost (OF) and vermicompost (VcF) derived from agricultural organic waste edible mushroom bran and cow manure (2:8). Variations in soil physiochemical properties, activities of soil enzymes related C and P cycling, abundances and diversities of bacterial 16S rRNA and fungal ITS gene at total DNA level were analyzed. Both compost treatments enhanced soil organic carbon, soil total phosphorus, and soil available P content significantly and also increased the activities of soil α‐glucosidase, β‐glucosidase, acid phosphomonoesterase, and alkaline phosphomonoesterase significantly. The above results suggested that soil C and P transformations were stimulated effectively by both organic amendments. OF and VcF increased the fungal ITS absolute abundances significantly while diversity indices of soil bacterial community increased significantly under both treatments. Correlation analysis indicated that bacterial community composition was strongly correlated with several soil property indexes while fungal community composition was only significantly correlated with soil total phosphorous content. In conclusion, similar to traditional compost, vermicompost significantly improved soil nutrient cycling (especially C and P aspects). In terms of soil microbes, bacteria and fungi showed different responding mechanism to vermicompost: bacteria adjust microbial structure, while fungi tend to proliferated. In consideration of the advantages of vermicompost in technology and economic cost, it could be applied in the subsequent agricultural production more frequently.
Temporally robust occupancy frequency distributions in riverine metacommunities explained by local biodiversity regulation
Authors: O'Sullivan Jacob D. , Terry J. Christopher D. , Rossberg Axel G. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimThe mechanisms determining the distribution of the number of sites species occupy, the occupancy frequency distribution (OFD), remain incompletely understood despite decades of research. To explore the dominant mechanisms responsible for the shape and temporal dynamics of empirical OFD, we develop a simple patch occupancy framework with intrinsically regulated local richness and fit the model to a highly replicated dataset describing macroinvertebrate, macrophyte and diatom occupancy.LocationEngland.Time periodUp to years between 1990 and 2020.Major taxa studiedMacroinvertebrates, macrophytes and diatoms.MethodsWe study the OFD in a highly replicated dataset of freshwater metacommunities in England across time. We consider temporal change in species richness, composition, and in the shape of the OFD. Goodness‐of‐fit of the steady state of a simple patch occupancy model—which predicts a log‐series OFD—to the empirical observations is assessed. Additionally, we test the capacity of the model to predict metacommunity‐scale processes.ResultsOur model provides a consistently good fit to empirical OFDs. It can additionally be used to predict metacommunity‐scale species turnover.Main conclusionsOur results support the view that metacommunity structure reflects a dynamic steady state controlled by local limits to coexistence.
The biogeography of embolism resistance across resource gradients in the Amazon
Authors: Garcia Maquelle N. , Domingues Tomas F. , Oliveira Rafael S. , Costa Flávia R. C. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimUnderstanding tree mortality under climate change‐induced droughts requires knowledge of hydraulic trait distribution across environmental gradients. The spatial distribution of embolism resistance (i.e., P50), a key trait linked to hydraulic failure, is currently unknown across the Amazon. Here, we tested how precipitation, water table depth (WTD) and soil fertility interact as filters modulating the geographic hydraulic trait distribution.LocationFour sites in three key regions across the Amazon basin: Central, Western peripheral area and Brazilian Shield.Time PeriodPresent.Major Taxa StudiedTree species.MethodWe measured hydraulic vulnerability curves of 64 tree species (165 individuals) using an orthogonal design contrasting seasonal precipitation gradients, soil fertility and WTD. To estimate the geographical distribution of hydraulic traits for the basin scale, we use the coefficients of the best generalized linear model, projected on a 1 km grid in each environmental layer.ResultsWe show that WTD and soil fertility are the main drivers of embolism resistance, while precipitation has a secondary effect. Trees in shallow WTD and fertile soils had riskier hydraulic strategies. Our spatial projection identified the Amazonian southern band and valleys across the basin as the most vulnerable areas. High soil fertility in these regions increases the variability of hydraulic traits and thus uncertainty in predictions of drought responses.Main ConclusionAt the scale of the Amazon basin, we show that dominant tree species traits converge toward hydraulic resistance when resource (water and nutrients) levels are low and towards hydraulic vulnerability (but with higher trait variability) when resources increase. These results highlight the importance of WTD and soil fertility in structuring hydraulic traits and their effects on tree mortality under climate change‐induced droughts. Further empirical tests covering a wider spatial range and more tree species will help validate our biogeographical distribution model.
Towards a revanchist British rural in post‐COVID times? A challenge to those seeking a good countryside
Authors: Halfacree Keith 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe last decade has seen at least three still ongoing shocks impact strongly on rural Britain: Brexit, COVID‐19 and the Russia–Ukraine war. This paper introduces all three of these after setting the scene prior to the 2016 Brexit vote by first summarising the seeming shift across rural Britain from productivism to post‐productivism in the years after 1945. Each of the three sources of rural disruption are then described, but also argued to be building what is termed a ‘revanchist rural’. This development seeks to challenge many of the post‐productivist attempts to diversify the countryside by restating a narrower conservative ‘traditional’ rural geography. It is also a rural vision largely in opposition to Mark Shucksmith's utopian Good Countryside, introduced in the final section. However, a revanchist rural is not the only option for the British countryside in 2023 and the paper goes on to note a broader revival of debate and interest in the rural in recent years. This has let loose a variety of currents, briefly noted, more in tune with the Good Countryside, such that the future for rural Britain in 2023, it is concluded, is very much still there for the making.
Determinants of functional disability trajectories: An assessment of the disablement model and life‐course perspective
Authors: He Shuxuan , Lai Siow Li 
Published: October 2023

AimFunctional disability is a widespread challenge faced by the older population in China, where those with functional disabilities demand greater healthcare and geriatric services. This study performs a longitudinal analysis examining the effects of physiological conditions, intra‐, and extra‐individual factors, and life‐course socioeconomic status risk factors on the disability levels and change rates of functional disability trajectories in old age.MethodsData for this study came from the four waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey. A latent growth model was used to analyze the functional disability of 5044 older adults aged 60 and over in 2011 who survived to 2018.ResultsPathologies are closely associated with functional disability trajectories, and higher numbers of comorbidities relate to more disabilities. Risk factors and intra‐ and extra‐individual factors affect functional disability trajectories and work through independent and shared mechanisms. The effects of risk factors can be traced to childhood conditions, and higher childhood and adulthood socioeconomic status is related to fewer functional disabilities.ConclusionFunctional disability trajectories are dynamic processes related to pathologies, intra‐, and extra‐individual factors, and life‐course risk factors, and thus prevention and control measures should focus on both childhood and adulthood. Promoting working in later life and improving childhood socioeconomic status deserve prompt attention. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2023; 23: 817–829.
Effects of interventions on life‐space mobility for community‐dwelling older adults: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Yoshikawa Hiroki , Uzawa Hironobu , Ishida Takeki , Asakawa Takashi , Kubo Jin 
Published: October 2023

AimThe present study aimed to conduct a meta‐analysis to evaluate the methods and effects of interventions to increase life‐space mobility among community‐dwelling older adults.MethodsRecords were identified through nine databases. Eligible study designs for inclusion in the review were randomized controlled trials of interventions on life‐space mobility for community‐dwelling older adults. The risk of bias was assessed using the Risk of Bias 2 tool. We followed the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach to summarize the evidence.ResultsFour studies (558 participants) identified via search strategies were included. Two studies involved individualized exercise and lifestyle interventions. In three out of the four studies, individual interventions were applied. Overall, when compared with a control group, the intervention group was more likely to positively affect increasing life‐space mobility (standardized mean difference 0.47, 95% confidence interval [0.020 to 0.92]). The heterogeneity statistic indicated considerable heterogeneity (I2 = 84%). The evidence was downgraded one step owing to imprecision.ConclusionsInterventions on increasing life‐space mobility for community‐dwelling older adults have a positive effect. Combination interventions may be more effective than single interventions, and individual interventions may be more effective than group interventions. However, owing to the limited number of studies, conducting further research to enhance the generalizability of results is crucial. Additionally, subgroup analysis should be conducted to clarify differences in intervention methods and effects. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2023; 23: 842–848.
Information quality of videos related to Helicobacter pylori infection on TikTok: Cross‐sectional study
Authors: Tan Wei , Liu Yilong , Shi Zhiwen , Zheng Bainan , Feng Lingmei , Wang Jian , Wang Xiaohang , Yuan Zongli 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundHelicobacter pylori (H. pylori) poses serious threats to human health. TikTok (Douyin in Chinese), a major social media platform focused on sharing short videos, has demonstrated great potential in spreading health information, including information related to H. pylori infection. This study aims to evaluate the content and quality of the information shared in TikTok videos about H. pylori infection in mainland China.MethodsWe collected a sample of 116 videos in Chinese related to H. pylori infection from TikTok. Video contents were evaluated by the coding schema proposed by Goobie et al., and the Hexagonal Radar Schema was used to intuitively display the spotlight and weight of each aspect of the videos. The DISCERN questionnaire was used to evaluate the quality of the videos.ResultsWe identified two major sources of videos related to H. pylori: individual users (n = 89) and organizational users (n = 27). Regarding content, the Hexagonal Radar Charts showed that more than 35% of the videos delivered moderate to high quality content (>1 point) in terms of definition, symptoms and management of the disease, whereas risk factors, evaluation and outcomes of the disease were less discussed. The DISCERN classification data showed that 0.9% of the videos were “very poor,” 5.2% “poor,” 68.7% “fair,” 20.0% “good,” and only 5.2% “excellent”. Regarding total DISCERN scores, videos published by nonprofit organizations had the highest scores, followed by videos uploaded by health professionals.ConclusionAlthough the overall quality of TikTok videos related to H. pylori infection was medium, users should be careful when obtaining information related to H. pylori infection on TikTok and opt for videos uploaded by nonprofit organizations and health professionals.