bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association Between Hearing Loss and Cardiovascular Disease: A Meta‐analysis
Authors: Tan Claire Jing‐Wen , Koh Jia Wen Tricia , Tan Benjamin Kye Jyn , Woon Chang Yi , Teo Yao Hao , Ng Li Shia , Loh Woei Shyang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectiveHearing loss (HL) has been postulated to be linked to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) via vascular mechanisms, but epidemiological associations remain unclear. The study aims to clarify the association between HL and stroke, coronary artery disease (CAD), and any CVD.Data SourcesPubMed, Embase, and SCOPUS from inception until April 27, 2022.Review MethodsThree blinded reviewers selected observational studies reporting stroke, CAD, and any CVD in patients with HL, compared to individuals without HL. We extracted data, evaluated study bias using the Newcastle‐Ottawa scale, following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analyses guidelines and a PROSPERO‐registered protocol (CRD42022348648). We used random‐effects inverse variance meta‐analyses to pool the odds ratios (ORs) for the association of HL with stroke, CAD, and any CVD.ResultsWe included 4 cohort studies (N = 940,771) and 6 cross‐sectional studies (N = 680,349). Stroke, CAD, and any CVD were all strongly associated with HL. The overall pooled OR of the association between HL and stroke was 1.26 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.16‐1.37, I2 = 78%), and was 1.33 (95% CI = 1.12‐1.58) and 1.29 (95% CI = 1.14‐1.45) for low‐ and high‐frequency HL, respectively. Minimal publication bias was observed, with minimal change to pooled effect size following trim and fill. Similarly, the pooled OR of the association between HL and CAD was 1.36 (95% CI = 1.13‐1.64, I2 = 96%), while that between HL and any CVD was 1.38 (95% CI = 1.07‐1.77, I2 = 99%).ConclusionOur findings suggest that HL and CVD are closely related. Physicians treating patients with HL should be cognizant of this association and view HL in the broader context of general health and aging.
Hole quality evaluation for abrasive water jet drilling of GF/Al mesh reinforced epoxy hybrid composites
Authors: Seif Amr , Fathy A. , Megahed A. A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn this study, neat glass (NG) fiber and hybrid GF/Al‐wire mesh composites with two different aluminum configurations (AG: with Al in the outer surface, and GA [Glass fiber/Al‐mesh]: with Al in the core) were fabricated using hand‐layup technique and then drilled via an abrasive water jet (AWJ) machine. The impact of the drilling parameters on the hole qualities; delamination , kerf angle (), and circularity error () of the holes were studied. Using Taguchi L9 orthogonal array, drilling operations were conducted. The following AWJ drilling parameters were chosen; water pressure (P), stand‐off distance (S), and traverse speed (V) with three levels each. A single‐objective optimization using Taguchi method was performed to minimize the drilling responses for the least outcome. In addition, gray relational analysis (GRA) was used as a multi‐decision technique. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was carried out to identify the impacts of AWJ drilling parameters. The results indicated that for AG specimen, was reduced by 5.3%–10.96% and its by 10.4%–29.65%. GA had the lowest kerf angle. The most effective parameters on delamination for NG, AG, and GA were P, followed by S and V. Validation tests showed small variations between experimental and predicted values.Highlights
A new GF/Al Wire Mesh Reinforced Epoxy Hybrid Composites were manufactured.
AWJ drilling of the manufactured Composites was conducted.
Hole quality was improved by adding Al to the outer layers (AG specimen).
AWJ parameters were Controlled and optimized to reduce , , and .
Process optimization was performed by single and multi‐objective optimization.
Diagnosis of inborn errors of metabolism through prenatal exome sequencing with targeted analysis for fetal structural anomalies
Authors: Allen Stephanie K. , Chandler Natalie J. , Kinning Esther , Harrison Victoria , Brothwell Shona L. C. , Vijay Suresh , Castleman James , Cilliers Deirdre 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe value of prenatal exome sequencing (pES) for fetuses with structural anomalies is widely reported. In England, testing is conducted through trio exome sequencing and analysis of a gene panel. Over a 30‐month period testing of 921 pregnancies resulted in a genetic diagnosis in 32.8% of cases (302/921). Here we review cases diagnosed with an inborn error of metabolism.MethodsDiagnoses of inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) were classified according to the ICIMD classification system. Genetic diagnoses were assessed against Human Phenotype Ontology terms, gestation of scan findings and literature evidence.Results35/302 diagnoses (11.6%) represented IEM. Almost half affected metabolism of complex macromolecules and organelles (n = 16), including congenital disorders of glycosylation (n = 8), peroxisome biogenesis disorders (n = 4), and lysosomal storage disorders (n = 4). There were eight disorders of lipid metabolism and transport, the majority being genes in the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway, eight disorders of intermediary metabolism, of which seven were defects in “energy” processes, and two diagnoses of alkaline phosphatase deficiency.ConclusionsReview of pES diagnoses and ultrasound scan findings is key to understanding genotype‐phenotype correlations. IEM are genetically heterogeneous and may present with variable scan findings, which makes an individual diagnosis difficult to suspect. Diagnosis during pregnancy is particularly important for many IEM with respect to prognosis and early neonatal management.
A novel SMOC1 pathogenic homozygous variant in a fetus with mesomelia of the lower limbs, micrognathia and hypertelorism and an incidental finding of CYP21A2‐related congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Authors: Willison Clare , Ramachandran Vijaya , Chandler Natalie Jane , Hillman Sara , Ashraf Tazeen 
Published: December 2023

AbstractTrio exome sequencing was performed on a fetus with bilateral mesomelia of the lower limbs with significant angulation of the tibial bones, micrognathia and hypertelorism detected on ultrasound scan at 19 + 0 weeks gestation. The couple is consanguineous. A homozygous pathogenic frameshift variant in the SMOC1 gene (c.339_340del p.(Phe114Cysfs*40)) was detected and both parents were shown to be heterozygous. Pathogenic variants in the SMOC1 gene are associated with microphthalmia with limb anomalies which multidisciplinary team discussion determined to be causal of the scan anomalies detected. The fetus was also a compound heterozygote for CYP21A2 pathogenic variants, confirming a second diagnosis of non‐classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia, which was felt incidental to the scan findings. The risk that this couple's next pregnancy would be affected by either of these disorders is 1 in 4 (25%) and demonstrates the importance of genetic diagnoses for the family and implications for future pregnancies.
Establishment from seed is more important for exotic than for native plant species
Authors: Wilsey Brian , Kaul Andrew , Polley H. Wayne 
Published: December 2023

AbstractClimate change has initiated movement of both native and non‐native (exotic) species across the landscape. Exotic species are hypothesized to establish from seed more readily than comparable native species. We tested the hypothesis that seed limitation is more important for exotic species than native grassland species. We compared seed limitation and invasion resistance over three growing seasons between 18 native and 18 exotic species, grown in both monocultures and mixtures in a field experiment. Half of the plots received a seed mix of the contrasting treatment (i.e., exotic species were seeded into native plots, and native species were seeded into exotic plots), and half served as controls. We found that (1) establishment in this perennial grassland is seed limited, (2) establishment from seed is greater in exotic than native species, and (3) community resistance to seedling establishment was positively related to diversity of extant species, but only in native communities. Native‐exotic species diversity and composition differences did not converge over time. Our results imply that native to exotic transformations occur when diversity declines in native vegetation and exotic seeds arrive from adjacent sites, suggesting that managing for high diversity will reduce transformations to exotic dominance.
Human islet amyloid polypeptide‐induced β‐cell cytotoxicity is linked to formation of α‐sheet structure
Authors: Hsu Cheng‐Chieh , Templin Andrew T. , Prosswimmer Tatum , Shea Dylan , Li Jinzheng , Brooks‐Worrell Barbara , Kahn Steven E. , Daggett Valerie 
Published: December 2023

AbstractType 2 diabetes (T2D) results from insulin secretory dysfunction arising in part from the loss of pancreatic islet β‐cells. Several factors contribute to β‐cell loss, including islet amyloid formation, which is observed in over 90% of individuals with T2D. The amyloid is comprised of human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP). Here we provide evidence that early in aggregation, hIAPP forms toxic oligomers prior to formation of amyloid fibrils. The toxic oligomers contain α‐sheet secondary structure, a nonstandard secondary structure associated with toxic oligomers in other amyloid diseases. De novo, synthetic α‐sheet compounds designed to be nontoxic and complementary to the α‐sheet structure in the toxic oligomers inhibit hIAPP aggregation and neutralize oligomer‐mediated cytotoxicity in cell‐based assays. In vivo administration of an α‐sheet design to mice for 4 weeks revealed no evidence of toxicity nor did it elicit an immune response. Furthermore, the α‐sheet designs reduced endogenous islet amyloid formation and mitigation of amyloid‐associated β‐cell loss in cultured islets isolated from an hIAPP transgenic mouse model of islet amyloidosis. Characterization of the involvement of α‐sheet in early aggregation of hIAPP and oligomer toxicity contributes to elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying amyloid‐associated β‐cell loss.
The effect of phosphorus content on wheat root‐associated prokaryotic community depends on growth stage and variety
Authors: Feng Zhihan , Liu Chi , Li Xin , Xiao Min , Wang Yiqun , Li Lu , Jiang Yanqiong , Yao Minjie , Li Xiangzhen 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWheat (Triticum aestivum L.) root‐associated microbes play an indispensable role in helping plants obtain phosphorus (P) from soil. However, the relationships among soil P content, wheat root‐associated microorganisms, and plants are still not fully understood. Therefore, revealing the effects of soil P content on the root‐associated microbes in different crop varieties at different growth stages is important for plant nutrient management. In this study, the variations of prokaryotic communities were investigated in the endosphere and rhizosphere of three wheat varieties growing in soils with different P content and at different growth stages. The key findings indicated that compartment niche and growth stage were the primary factors to shape wheat root‐associated prokaryotic community assembly under different soil P contents. Soil P content mainly affected the prokaryotic community in rhizosphere rather than in endosphere. The effects of soil P content on root‐associated prokaryotic communities in different wheat varieties were different and varied with the growth stage. Under low P treatment, there was greater variation in prokaryotic communities among varieties. In addition, compared with that in P‐deficient soil, wheat rhizosphere enriched more taxa and functions related to plant growth in the P‐sufficient soil. P‐efficient variety (ZGC) enriched more genera that were positively related to plant growth in P‐sufficient soil. This study comprehensively revealed the influences of soil P content on wheat root‐associated prokaryotic communities, and the relationships among soil P content, wheat root‐associated prokaryotic community, and plant.
Weak Ion‐Exchange Based Magnetic Swarm for Targeted Drug Delivery and Chemotherapy
Authors: Feng Kai , Shen Wenqi , Chen Ling , Gong Jiang , Palberg Thomas , Qu Jinping , Niu Ran 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSwimming microrobots that are actuated by multiple stimuli/fields display various intriguing collective behaviors, ranging from phase separation to clustering and giant number fluctuation; however, it is still chanllenging to achieve multiple responses and functionalities within one colloidal system to emulate high environmental adaptability and improved tasking capability of natural swarms. In this work, a weak ion‐exchange based swarm is presented that can self‐organize and reconfigure by chemical, light, and magnetic fields, showing living crystal, amorphous glass, liquid, chain, and wheel‐like structures. By changing the frequency and strength of the rotating magnetic field, various well‐controlled and fast transformations are obtained. Experiments show the high adaptability and functionality of the microrobot swarm in delivering drugs in confined spaces, such as narrow channels with turns or obstacles. The drug‐carrying swarm exhibits excellent chemtherapy for Hela and CT26 cells due to the pH‐enhanced drug release and locomotion. This reconfigurable microswarm provides a new platform for biomedical and environmental applications.
Niobium Oxide Anode with Lattice Structure Self‐Optimization for High‐Power and Nearly Zero‐Degeneration Battery Operation
Authors: Zhao Lijiang , Liu Xinghua , Li Hao , Zhang Xiaofang , Li Jinsong , Quan Wei , Wang Shitong , Tang Zilong , Diao Xungang , Wang Rongming , Zhang Junying 
Published: December 2023

AbstractLi+ insertion‐induced structure transformation in crystalline electrodes vitally influence the energy density and cycle life of secondary lithium‐ion battery. However, the influence mechanism of structure transformation‐induced Li+ migration on the electrochemical performance of micro‐crystal materials is still unclear and the strategy to profit from such structure transformation remains exploited. Here, an interesting self‐optimization of structure evolution during electrochemical cycling in Nb2O5 micro‐crystal with rich domain boundaries is demonstrated, which greatly improves the charge transfer property and mechanical strength. The lattice rearrangement activates the Li+ diffusion kinetics and hinders the particle crack, thus enabling a nearly zero‐degeneration operation after 8000 cycles. Full cell paired with lithium cobalt oxides displays an exceptionally high capacity of 176 mA h g−1 at 8000 mA g−1 and excellent long‐term durability at 6000 mA g−1 with 63% capacity retention over 2000 cycles. Interestingly, a unique fingerprint based on the intensity ratio of two X‐ray diffraction peaks is successfully extracted as a measure of Nb2O5 electrochemical performance. The structure self‐optimization for fast charge transfer and high mechanical strength exemplifies a new battery electrode design concept and opens up a vast space of strategy to develop high‐performance lithium‐ion batteries with high energy density and ultra‐long cycle life.
Flexible Li–CO2 Batteries with Boosted Reaction Kinetics and Cyclelife Enabled by Heterostructured Mo3N2@TiN Cathode and Interface‐protected Li Anode
Authors: Qi Guicai , Zhang Junxiang , Cheng Jianli , Chen Lai , Su Yuefeng , Wang Bin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWith theoretically endowing with high energy densities and environmentally friendly carbon neutralization ability, flexible fiber‐shaped Li–CO2 battery emerges as a multipurpose platform for next‐generation wearable electronics. Nevertheless, the ineluctable issues faced by cathode catalysts and Li anodes have brought enormous obstacles to the development of flexible fiber‐shaped Li–CO2 batteries. Herein, a flexible fiber‐shaped Li–CO2 battery based on Mo3N2 cathode coating with atomic layer deposited TiN and Li3N protected Li anode is constructed. Owing to the regulation surface electrons of Mo3N2 by TiN, heterostructured cathode has more delocalized electrons which enable cathodes to stabilize 2‐electron intermediate products Li2C2O4 by electron bridge bonds and avoid disproportionation into Li2CO3. Li3N layers not only accelerate Li+ transportation but also avoid contact between Li and CO2 to form Li2CO3. Thus, the constructed Li–CO2 battery demonstrates a low charge potential of 3.22 V, low overpotential of 0.56 V, outstanding rate capabilities up to 1 A g−1, and excellent long‐term cycling (≈2000 h) with an energy efficiency of ≈80%. The fabricated flexible fiber‐shaped Li–CO2 battery shows an ultrahigh energy density of 14 772.5 Wh kg−1 based on cathodes (340.8 Wh kg−1 based on device mass), and outstanding deformations adaptability, giving it great potential for wearable electronics.
Progress on Electro‐Enhancement of Cell Manufacturing
Authors: Tian Johann Shane , Tay Andy 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWith the long persistence of complex, chronic diseases in society, there is increasing motivation to develop cells as living medicine to treat diseases ranging from cancer to wounds. While cell therapies can significantly impact healthcare, the shortage of starter cells meant that considerable raw materials must be channeled solely for cell expansion, leading to expensive products with long manufacturing time which can prevent accessibility by patients who either cannot afford the treatment or have highly aggressive diseases and cannot wait that long. Over the last three decades, there has been increasing knowledge on the effects of electrical modulation on proliferation, but to the best of the knowledge, none of these studies went beyond how electro‐control of cell proliferation may be extended to enhance industrial scale cell manufacturing. Here, this review is started by discussing the importance of maximizing cell yield during manufacturing before comparing strategies spanning biomolecular/chemical/physical to modulate cell proliferation. Next, the authors describe how factors governing invasive and non‐invasive electrical stimulation (ES) including capacitive coupling electric field may be modified to boost cell manufacturing. This review concludes by describing what needs to be urgently performed to bridge the gap between academic investigation of ES to industrial applications.
A novel stability indicating mass compatible reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography for the determination of Diroximel fumarate and its related impurities
Authors: Shah Shikha , Kothari Charmy , Bhalodi Krishna , Patel Misari 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDiroximel fumarate (DRF) is a novel oral fumarate used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Comprehending DRF's stability behavior in different degradation conditions is crucial and has been studied under photolysis, oxidative, hydrolysis, and thermal conditions. Nucleosil C18 column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) was employed to achieve drug separation, with a mobile phase comprising of water and acetonitrile (65:35, v/v). The flow rate was 1 mL/min and detection was performed at 210 nm using a photodiode array detector. The fully validated reversed phase‐high‐performance liquid chromatography stability method as per the International Council for Harmonization Q2 R1 demonstrated excellent selectivity, accuracy, and precision with good sensitivity. During the analysis, two prominent degradant product peaks of DRF were identified across all stress conditions. The usage of liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry compatible solvents in the mobile phase permits further characterization of DRF and its degradants peak. Significant levels of degradation were found in alkaline and acidic hydroxide, peroxide, photolytic, and thermal conditions with hydrolysis being postulated as a possible mechanism of degradation. The fully validated stability‐indicating analytical method can be used for routine quality control and stability testing of DRF, requiring storage in a protected primary container, as it is sensitive to light and moisture.
Interpretable machine learning model for evaluating mechanical properties of concrete made with recycled concrete aggregate
Authors: Nguyen Xuan Hien , Phan Quang Minh , Nguyen Ngoc Tan , Tran Van Quan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe main objective of this paper is to use the data‐driven approach to predict and evaluate the mechanical properties of concrete made with recycled concrete aggregate (RCA), including compressive strength and elastic modulus. Using 358 data samples, including 10 input variables, 10 popular machine learning (ML) algorithms are introduced to select the best ML performance model for predicting RCA concrete's compressive strength and elastic modulus. Gradient Boosting and Categorial Boosting have the best performance in predicting the compressive strength of RCA concrete, with R2 = 0.9112, RMSE = 5.3464 MPa, MAE = 4.0845 MPa, and R2 = 0.9175, RMSE = 5.1520 MPa, MAE = 3.7567 MPa, respectively. Light Gradient Boosting and Categorial Boosting have the best performance in predicting the elastic modulus of RCA concrete, with R2 = 0.8775, RMSE = 2.3560 GPa, MAE = 1.8330 GPa, and R2 = 0.9300, RMSE = 2.3560 MPa, MAE = 1.2589 MPa, respectively. Based on the Shapley Additive Explanation analysis, the influence of main factors on compressive strength and elastic modulus of RCA concrete values has been analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. RCA replacement level and cement/sand ratio slightly affect compressive strength but have a dominant influence on the elastic modulus of RCA concrete.
Crown Ether Active Template Synthesis of Rotaxanes**
Authors: Fielden Stephen D. P. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractRotaxanes are interlocked molecules that consist of a macrocycle encircling a stoppered thread. The ability to control relative component positions makes rotaxanes ideal building blocks for constructing functional and responsive molecular machines. Despite the potential of rotaxanes, their challenging synthesis limits their application. One approach to construct rotaxanes is to use an active template synthesis, where a reaction that forms the thread is accelerated in the cavity of a macrocycle. An emerging method of active template synthesis that exploits the ability of crown ether macrocycles to accelerate simple organic reactions is discussed herein. Crown ether active template synthesis (CEATS) permits the rapid and simple synthesis of rotaxanes containing a wide range of functionality. Integrating rotaxane formation with chemical reaction networks has permitted the construction of molecular machines. The simplification of rotaxane synthesis will facilitate their widespread study and application.