bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Engineering Co‐N‐Cr Cross‐Interfacial Electron Bridges to Break Activity‐Stability Trade‐Off for Superdurable Bifunctional Single Atom Oxygen Electrocatalysts
Authors: Zhang Yun‐Long , Liu Bo , Dai Yun‐Kun , Shen Li‐Xiao , Guo Pan , Xia Yun‐Fei , Zhang Ziyu , Kong Fantao , Zhao Lei , Wang Zhen‐Bo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAtomically dispersed metal‐nitrogen‐carbon (M‐N‐C) catalysts have exhibited encouraging oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity. Nevertheless, the insufficient long‐term stability remains a widespread concern owing to the inevitable 2‐electron byproducts, H2O2. Here, we construct Co‐N‐Cr cross‐interfacial electron bridges (CIEBs) via the interfacial electronic coupling between Cr2O3 and Co‐N‐C, breaking the activity‐stability trade‐off. The partially occupied Cr 3d‐orbitals of Co‐N‐Cr CIEBs induce the electron rearrangement of CoN4 sites, lowering the Co‐OOH* antibonding orbital occupancy and accelerating the adsorption of intermediates. Consequently, the Co‐N‐Cr CIEBs suppress the two‐electron ORR process and approach the apex of Sabatier volcano plot for four‐electron pathway simultaneously. As a proof‐of‐concept, the Co‐N‐Cr CIEBs is synthesized by the molten salt template method, exhibiting dominant 4‐electron selectively and extremely low H2O2 yield confirmed by Damjanovic kinetic analysis. The Co‐N‐Cr CIEBs demonstrates impressive bifunctional oxygen catalytic activity (▵E=0.70 V) and breakthrough durability including 100 % current retention after 10 h continuous operation and cycling performance over 1500 h for Zn‐air battery. The hybrid interfacial configuration and the understanding of the electronic coupling mechanism reported here could shed new light on the design of superdurable M‐N‐C catalysts.
Site‐Selective Photo‐Crosslinking of Stilbene Pairs in a DNA Duplex Mediated by Ruthenium Photocatalyst
Authors: Kashida Hiromu , Azuma Hidenori , Sotome Hikaru , Miyasaka Hiroshi , Asanuma Hiroyuki 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe herein report a method for site‐selective photo‐crosslinking of a DNA duplex. A stilbene pair was introduced into a DNA duplex and a ruthenium complex was conjugated with a triplex‐forming oligonucleotide. We demonstrated that [2+2] photocycloaddition of the stilbene pair occurred upon irradiation with visible light when the ruthenium complex was in close proximity due to triplex formation. No reaction occurred when the ruthenium complex was not in proximity to the stilbene pair. The wavelength of visible light used was of lower energy than the wavelength of UV light necessary for direct excitation of stilbene. Quantum chemical calculation indicated that ruthenium complex catalyzed the photocycloaddition via triplet‐triplet energy transfer. Site selectivity of this photo‐crosslinking system was evaluated using a DNA duplex bearing two stilbene pairs as a substrate; we showed that the site of crosslinking was precisely regulated by the sequence of the oligonucleotide linked to the ruthenium complex. Since this method does not require orthogonal photoresponsive molecules, it will be useful in construction of complex photoresponsive DNA circuits, nanodevices and biological tools.
N‐Terminal‐Specific Dual Modification of Peptides through Copper‐Catalyzed [3+2] Cycloaddition
Authors: Machida Haruka , Kanemoto Kazuya 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSite‐specific introduction of multiple components into peptides is greatly needed for the preparation of densely functionalized and structurally uniform peptides. In this regard, N‐terminal‐specific peptide modification is attractive, but it can be difficult due to the presence of highly nucleophilic lysine ϵ‐amine. In this work, we developed a method for the N‐terminal‐specific dual modification of peptides through a three‐component [3+2] cycloaddition with aldehydes and maleimides under mild copper catalysis. This approach enables exclusive functionalization at the glycine N‐terminus of iminopeptides, regardless of the presence of lysine ϵ‐amine, thus affording the cycloadducts in excellent yields. Tolerating a broad range of functional groups and molecules, the present method provides the opportunity to rapidly construct doubly functionalized peptides using readily accessible aldehyde and maleimide modules.
Boron‐polymer composites engineered for compression molding, foaming, and additive manufacturing
Authors: Stockdale John R. , Legett Shelbie A. , Torres Xavier M. , Pacheco Adam , Adhikari Santosh , Bezek Lindsey , Labouriau Andrea 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBoron (specifically 10B) is the element of choice to shield thermal neutrons due to its large (n, α) cross‐section; however, very few polymer composites containing high boron concentrations are available. This study aimed to determine the maximum possible amount of boron that could be introduced into a polymer matrix. Diverse manufacturing techniques, ranging from additive manufacturing to compression molding, were employed to fabricate inks and filaments for 3D printing, foams, and flexible pads. Composites using siloxanes, poly(lactic acid), and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene containing up to 80 wt% boron were sucessufully fabricated. The addition of known plasticizers (polyethylene glycol) and reinforcing agents (carbon nanofibers and fumed silica) helped to overcome fabrication problems such as clogging of the printing nozzle or crumbling of compression molded parts. In addition, the thermal‐mechanical properties of these novel boron composites were determined and shown to vary according to boron concentration, presence of additives, and fabrication techniques utilized.
Spontaneous Electric Polarization in Graphene Polytypes
Authors: Atri Simon Salleh , Cao Wei , Alon Bar , Roy Nirmal , Stern Maayan Vizner , Falko Vladimir , Goldstein Moshe , Kronik Leeor , Urbakh Michael , Hod Oded , Ben Shalom Moshe 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSpontaneous electric polarization is recently observed in multilayered van der Waals stacked materials, arising from a symmetry breaking in a unit cell with two or more constituent species, or non‐centrosymmetric intra‐layer atom displacement in single‐atom‐species materials. Here, it is shown that even elemental crystals, consisting of one type of atom and composed of non‐polar and centrosymmetric layers, exhibit electric polarization if arranged in an appropriate three‐dimensional architecture. This concept is demonstrated here for mixed‐stacking tetra‐layer polytypes of non‐polar graphene sheets. Surprisingly, it is find that the room temperature out‐of‐plane electric polarization increases with external electrostatic hole doping, rather than decreases with it owing to screening. Using first‐principles calculations, as well as a self‐consistent tight‐binding model, the emergence of polarization is explain in terms of inter‐layer charge rearrangement and the doping dependence in terms of gating‐induced inter‐layer charge transfer. This newly discovered intrinsic polarization may therefore offer new venues for designing the electronic response of graphene‐based polytypes to external fields.
Skull anatomy and paleoneurology of a new traversodontid from the Middle‐Late Triassic of Brazil
Authors: Kerber Leonardo , Roese‐Miron Lívia , Medina Thais G. M. , da Roberto‐da‐Silva Lúcio , Cabreira Sérgio F. , Pretto Flávio A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTraversodontidae, a clade of gomphodont cynodonts, thrived during the Middle and Late Triassic, displaying a wide geographical distribution. During fieldwork in 2009, a new specimen was discovered in Ladinian/early Carnian stratigraphic layers in southern Brazil. Here, we describe this specimen and propose a new taxon closely related to Traversodon stahleckeri (Traversodontinae) but displaying a unique combination of traits (e.g., presence of a poorly developed suborbital process, mesiodistal length of the paracanine fossa similar to the length of the canine, short diastema between the fourth incisor and the upper canine, and coronoid process not entirely covering the distalmost lower postcanine). Furthermore, the endocranial anatomy of the new taxon was examined. The reconstruction of the cranial endocast revealed paleoneurological features consistent with non‐Gomphodontosuchinae traversodontids. These features include the presence of a pineal body (but the absence of an open parietal foramen). These recent findings contribute significantly to our understanding of the evolutionary history and cranial anatomy of Middle‐Late Triassic traversodontids, shedding light on the diversity and adaptations of non‐mammaliaform cynodonts.
Evolution of postcanine complexity in Gomphodontia (Therapsida: Cynodontia)
Authors: Hendrickx Christophe , Abdala Fernando , Filippini Florencia S. , Wills Simon , Benson Roger , Choiniere Jonah N. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractGomphodonts form a Triassic radiation of small to medium‐bodied (<0.5–2.5 m in length) quadrupedal cynodonts characterized by labiolingually expanded gomphodont postcanines. They were the dominant cynodont group in Middle and Late Triassic ecosystems from the Southern Hemisphere and the first predominantly herbivorous cynodonts to evolve. Gomphodonts were also the first therapsids to develop hypsodonty and a dentition with complex occlusal patterns, and their highly diagnostic upper and lower postcanines show many different morphologies. Here, we explored dental complexity in gomphodont cynodonts through time using geographic information system analysis and orientation patch count applied on 3D crown surfaces of upper and lower gomphodont postcanines belonging to 32 gomphodont taxa. This study reveals that the peak in postcanine complexity was reached early in the evolution of gomphodonts with the emergence in the Early Triassic of omnivorous or insectivorous forms with postcanines made of well‐separated cusps and cingular cuspules. Traversodontids evolved simpler postcanines via coalescence of cusps into crests and the development of large occlusal basins, and the Middle Triassic radiation of traversodontids led to a sharp decrease in mean postcanine complexity. Simplification of the postcanines in traversodontids is interpreted as being related to a gradual increase in the consumption of plant material. Interestingly, the trend of insectivory/omnivory high postcanine complexity and herbivory low dental complexity in gomphodonts is opposite to the trend of dental complexity reported in some extant mammals, with omnivorous having low dental complexity and herbivorous higher. Postcanine complexity remained relatively stable throughout the evolution of traversodontids and only slightly diminished in the Late Triassic due to the presence of minute forms with particularly simple postcanines in the Rhaetian. The major phylogenetic diversity and taxonomic richness of Gomphodontia are represented in two periods of time: at the end of the Anisian, an age in which the postcanine complexity is simplifying, and at the early Carnian when the postcanine complexity in traversodontids, the only Gomphodontia represented, is stable.
Macroscopic differences in adult human femora are linked to body mass index
Authors: Sylvester Adam D. , Zbijewski Wojciech , Shi Gengxin , Meckel Lauren A. , Chu Elaine Y. , Cunningham Deborah L. , Wescott Daniel J. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBone functional adaptation is routinely invoked to interpret skeletal morphology despite ongoing debate regarding the limits of the bone response to mechanical stimuli. The wide variation in human body mass presents an opportunity to explore the relationship between mechanical load and skeletal response in weight‐bearing elements. Here, we examine variation in femoral macroscopic morphology as a function of body mass index (BMI), which is used as a metric of load history. A sample of 80 femora (40 female; 40 male) from recent modern humans was selected from the Texas State University Donated Skeletal Collection. Femora were imaged using x‐ray computed tomography (voxel size ~0.5 mm), and segmented to produce surface models. Landmark‐based geometric morphometric analyses based on the Coherent Point Drift algorithm were conducted to quantify shape. Principal components analyses were used to summarize shape variation, and component scores were regressed on BMI. Within the male sample, increased BMI was associated with a mediolaterally expanded femoral shaft, as well as increased neck‐shaft angle and decreased femoral neck anteversion angle. No statistically significant relationships between shape and BMI were found in the female sample. While mechanical stimulus has traditionally been applied to changes in long bong diaphyseal shape it appears that bone functional adaptation may also result in fundamental changes in the shape of skeletal elements.
Analysis of genes specific to the early maturation stage of Sesamum indicum seeds by subtraction method*,**
Authors: Okuno Yu , Kishikawa Akihiro , Imakouji Hisashi , Yoshida Motonobu 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe mechanisms regulating the content ratio of unsaturated fatty acid in sesame oil need to be clarified in order to breed novel varieties with high contents of unsaturated fatty acids. Full‐length cDNA libraries prepared from sesame seeds 1 to 3 weeks after flowering were subtracted with cDNAs from plantlets of 4 weeks after germination. A total of 1545 cDNA clones was sequenced. The functions of novel genes expressed specifically during the early maturation of sesame seeds were investigated by the transformation of Arabidopsis thaliana. Thirteen genes for a transcription factor were identified, four of which were involved in ethylene signaling. Fifty‐nine genes, including those for the aquaporin‐like protein and ethylene response factor, were analyzed by overexpression in A. thaliana. The overexpression of novel genes and the aquaporin‐like protein gene in A. thaliana increased the content of unsaturated fatty acids. The localization of these products was investigated by the induction of the expression vectors for the GFP fusion protein into onion epidermal cells and sesame root cells with a particle gun. As a result, two cDNA clones were identified as good candidate genes to clarify the regulation in the yield and the ratio of unsaturated fatty acids in sesame seeds. Sein60414 (Accession No. LC603128), an intrinsic membrane protein, may be involved in the increase of unsaturated fatty acids, and Sein61074 (Accession No. LC709278) MAP3K δ‐1 protein kinase in the regulation of the total ratio of unsaturated fatty acids in sesame seeds.
Supporting teacher judgement and decision‐making: Using focused analysis to help teachers see students, learning, and quality in assessment data
Authors: Wyatt‐Smith Claire , Adie Lenore , Harris Lois 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis paper reports results from an Australian study into how teachers see features of quality in student work and connect these to next‐step teaching. Data were drawn from a national 3 year project investigating teacher judgement using A–E standards. The project developed scaled exemplars of authentic student written performance assessments to support teacher judgement and inform next‐step teaching and learning. Fifty‐seven participants created evaluative explanations of grading decisions (i.e. cognitive commentaries), wrote reflective responses and participated in online meeting discussions of their cognitive commentaries. These data were examined using qualitative content and thematic analyses. Findings highlighted how stated standards influence teachers’ judgements of student work. Variation was evident in teachers’ focus on (1) content (i.e. core skills vs. extended thinking), (2) specificity of improvement points and suggested teaching strategies and (3) the connection between identified areas for improvement and teaching strategies. Most teachers were able to identify specific points for improvement. However, in the main, they selected next‐step teaching strategies that were general rather than targeted and specific. Teachers reflected that structured analysis helped direct their thinking and judgements, targeting attention on next‐step teaching. The results suggested that teacher education and professional development should focus on supporting teachers to link specific teaching strategies to identified student weaknesses. This study found that artefacts, such as cognitive commentaries that connect assessment, teaching and learning, can help build professional knowledge and expertise, which remain key components of teacher assessment literacy.
Cell culture product quality attribute prediction using convolutional neural networks and Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Khodabandehlou Hamid , Rashedi Mohammad , Wang Tony , Tulsyan Aditya , Schorner Gregg , Garvin Christopher , Undey Cenk 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAdvanced process control in the biopharmaceutical industry often lacks real‐time measurements due to resource constraints. Raman spectroscopy and Partial Least Squares (PLS) models are often used to monitor bioprocess cultures in real‐time. In spite of the ease of training, the accuracy of the PLS model is impacted if it is not used to predict quality attributes for the cell lines it is trained on. To address this issue, a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) is proposed for offline modeling of metabolites using Raman spectroscopy. By utilizing asymmetric least squares smoothing to adjust Raman spectra baselines, a generic training data set is created by amalgamating spectra from various cell lines and operating conditions. This data set, combined with their derivatives, forms a two‐dimensional model input. The CNN model is developed and validated for predicting different quality variables against measurements from various continuous and fed‐batch experimental runs. Validation results confirm that the deep CNN model is an accurate generic model of the process to predict real‐time quality attributes, even in experimental runs not included in the training data. This model is robust and versatile, requiring no recalibration when deployed at different sites to monitor various cell lines and experimental runs.
Identification and validation of cortisol‐related hub biomarkers and the related pathogenesis of biomarkers in Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Wang Jing‐Jing , Xu Fang‐Biao , Hu Sen , Xu Yu‐Ming , Wang Xin‐Zhi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundIschemic stroke is a disease in which cerebral blood flow is blocked due to various reasons, leading to ischemia, hypoxia, softening, and even necrosis of brain tissues. The level of cortisol is related to the occurrence and progression of ischemic stroke. However, the mechanism governing their interrelationship is still unclear. The main objective of this study was to identify and understand the molecular mechanism between cortisol and IS.MethodsThe common cortisol‐related biological processes were screened by mutual verification of two data sets and the cortisol‐related hub biomarkers were identified. Modular analysis of protein interaction networks was performed, and the differential pathway analysis of individual genes was conducted by GSVA and GSEA. Drug and transcription factor regulatory networks of hub genes were excavated, and the diagnostic potential of hub genes was analyzed followed by the construction of a diagnostic model.ResultsBy screening the two data sets by GSVA, three biological processes with common differences were obtained. After variation analysis, four cortisol‐related hub biomarkers (CYP1B1, CDKN2B, MEN1, and USP8) were selected. Through the modular analysis of the protein‐protein interaction network and double verification of GSVA and GSEA, a series of potential molecular mechanisms of hub genes were discovered followed by a series of drug regulatory networks and transcription factor regulatory networks. The hub biomarkers were found to have a high diagnostic value by ROC; thus, a diagnostic model with high diagnostic efficiency was constructed. The diagnostic value was mutually confirmed in the two data sets.ConclusionFour cortisol‐related hub biomarkers are identified in this study, which provides new ideas for the key changes of cortisol during the occurrence of IS.
Combination of different noninvasive brain stimulation treatments for upper limb recovery in stroke patients: A systematic review
Authors: Lerín‐Calvo Alfredo , Rodríguez‐Martínez David , Bernal‐Jiménez Juan‐José , Lerma‐Lara Sergio , Ferrer‐Peña Raúl 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe report a review of Pubmed (Medline), CENTRAL, Web of Science, and Scopus to test the effectiveness of the combined application of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation in the improvement of different functional variables of the upper limb in people with stroke. Two independent reviewers assessed eligibility and evaluated the quality of the studies. Five articles were included in the final review according to the inclusion criteria: Most show statistically significant differences in motor function improvement in favor of the experimental group, but not in activity. Due to the heterogeneity of the observed studies, the results should be interpreted with caution—more high‐quality studies are needed to investigate the effectiveness of these interventions in different stages of stroke patients.
Functional seizures: Are they consistent over time?
Authors: Bahous Elian , Wagner Raz , Herskovitz Moshe 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundOur previous study showed that functional seizures (FS) are consistent in the same patient during a single video EEG monitoring (VEEG). This study aimed to check whether FS remains consistent across VEEG sessions even after several years.MethodsThe study evaluated the consistency of FS across different VEEG sessions using five criteria: FS type, the main anatomical region involved (specifically, the body part most affected during the seizure), other involved anatomical regions, frequency of movements, and duration of FS. Consistency levels were categorized as low (one consistent axis), moderate (two consistent axes), and high (three or more consistent axes).ResultsFourteen patients were included in the final analysis. The mean time between monitoring was 3.8 ± 2.5 years (0.5–8 year). In 13 of 14 patients, the first and second monitoring events were classified into the same FS category. There was consistency in the main anatomical region involved in 9 out of 12 patients with motor FS. In 9 out of 12 patients with motor FS, the other anatomical regions involved were consistent in both sessions. The mean duration of the FS between sessions was inconsistent in most of the patients. Ten patients were classified with high consistency, one patient with moderate consistency, two patients with low consistency, and in one patient, the events were classified as inconsistent.ConclusionsOur results show that FS tends to remain consistent in a single patient even after several years, and there is probably no correlation between the degree of consistency and the time between VEEG sessions. These findings have implications for supporting the concept of FS as a consistent phenomenon. Additionally, they may suggest potential avenues for future research to elucidate the origins of FS. Subsequent studies are essential to validate and expand upon these preliminary observations.