bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anaemia in the first trimester and poor physiological plasma expansion during pregnancy negatively impact foetal weight and newborn anthropometrics: An observational cohort study in Tanzania
Authors: Schmiegelow Christentze , Møller Sofie Lykke , Yde Anna Mathilde , Nielsen Birgitte Bruun , Hjort Line , Theander Thor Grundtvig , Lusingu John Peter Andrea , Minja Daniel Thomas Remias , Bygbjerg Ib Christian 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectivesAnaemia during pregnancy is a major health challenge affecting pregnancy outcome worldwide. The objectives of this study were to investigate the impact of severe–moderate anaemia in the first trimester, as well as changes in haemoglobin during pregnancy among non‐anaemic women, on foetal weight, placental blood flow and newborn anthropometrics.MethodsIn a prospective cohort study, 346 women residing in rural Tanzania were followed throughout pregnancy with serial ultrasound and newborn anthropometrics assessed within 24 h of delivery. Associations between placental blood flow, foetal weight and newborn anthropometrics with either first trimester severe–moderate anaemia (haemoglobin≤9.5 g/dL) or changes in haemoglobin from the first to the third trimester among non‐anaemic women, were assessed by mixed model regression and multiple linear regression, adjusting for maternal and foetal co‐variables. Foetal weights and birthweight were converted to z‐scores using a population based sex‐specific weight reference.ResultsSevere–moderate anaemia in the first trimester was associated with significantly reduced foetal weight z‐scores (adjusted mean difference (aMD) −0.44 (95% CI −0.81, −0.07)) and newborn anthropometric indices (birth weight z‐score aMD −0.55 (−0.9, −0.13), abdominal circumference aMD −11 mm (95% CI −20, −3)). There were no association between first trimester severe–moderate anaemia and placental blood flow.Among women who were non‐anaemic in the first trimester, women with the least reduction in haemoglobin (Δ ≥ −0.3 g/dL) delivered significantly smaller newborns (birthweight z‐score aMD −0.55 (−0.91, −0.20), abdominal circumference aMD −10 mm (95% CI −17, −3), compared to women with the greatest reduction (Δ haemoglobin ≤ −1.4 g/dL)).ConclusionsSevere–moderate anaemia in early pregnancy was associated with smaller newborn anthropometrics which was reflected in smaller mean foetal weights in the second and third trimester. Furthermore, among women who were non‐anaemic in the first trimester, there was an association between smaller newborn anthropometrics and limited haemoglobin decrease during pregnancy, possibly reflecting insufficient plasma expansion.
The structure and assembly mechanisms of T4-like cyanophages community in the South China Sea
Authors: Li Huifang , Cai Lanlan , Wang Long , Wang Yu , Xu Juntian , Zhang Rui 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

Marine ecosystems contain an immense diversity of phages, many of which infect cyanobacteria (cyanophage) that are largely responsible for primary productivity. To characterize the genetic diversity and biogeographic distribution of the marine T4-like cyanophage community in the northern South China Sea, the T4-like cyanophage portal protein gene (
g20
) was amplified. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that marine T4-like cyanophages were highly diverse, with
g20
operational taxonomic units being affiliated with five defined clades (Clusters I–V). Cluster II had a wide geographic distribution, Cluster IV was the most abundant in the open sea, and Cluster I was dominant in coastal shelf environments. Our results showed T4-like cyanophages (based on
g20
) community was generally shaped via heterogeneous selection. Highly variable environmental factors (such as salinity and temperature) can heterogeneously select different cyanophage communities. Nevertheless, the dominant drivers of the T4-like cyanophage community based on the
g20
and
g23
(T4-like phage major capsid protein gene) were different, probably due to different coverages by the primer sets. Furthermore, the community assembly processes of T4-like cyanophages were affected by host traits (abundance and distribution), viral traits (latent period, burst size, and host range), and environmental properties (temperature and salinity).

IMPORTANCE

Cyanophages are abundant and ubiquitous in the oceans, altering population structures and evolution of cyanobacteria, which account for a large portion of global carbon fixation, through host mortality, horizontal gene transfer, and the modulation of host metabolism. However, little is known about the biogeography and ecological drivers that shape the cyanophage community. Here, we use
g20
and
g23
genes to examine the biogeographic patterns and the assembly mechanisms of T4-like cyanophage community in the northern part of the South China Sea. The different coverages of primer sets might lead to the different dominant drivers of T4-like cyanophage community based on
g20
and
g23
genes. Our results showed that characteristics of viral traits (latent period, burst size, and host range) and host traits (abundance and distribution) were found to either limit or enhance the biogeographic distribution of T4-like cyanophages. Overall, both virus and host properties are critical to consider when determining rules of community assembly for viruses.
Predicting fungal secondary metabolite activity from biosynthetic gene cluster data using machine learning
Authors: Riedling Olivia , Walker Allison S. , Rokas Antonis 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
Fungal secondary metabolites (SMs) contribute to the diversity of fungal ecological communities, niches, and lifestyles. Many fungal SMs have one or more medically and industrially important activities (e.g., antifungal, antibacterial, and antitumor). The genes necessary for fungal SM biosynthesis are typically located right next to each other in the genome and are known as biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs). However, whether fungal SM bioactivity can be predicted from specific attributes of genes in BGCs remains an open question. We adapted machine learning models that predicted SM bioactivity from bacterial BGC data with accuracies as high as 80% to fungal BGC data. We trained our models to predict the antibacterial, antifungal, and cytotoxic/antitumor bioactivity of fungal SMs on two data sets: (i) fungal BGCs (data set comprised of 314 BGCs) and (ii) fungal (314 BGCs) and bacterial BGCs (1,003 BGCs). We found that models trained on fungal BGCs had balanced accuracies between 51% and 68%, whereas training on bacterial and fungal BGCs had balanced accuracies between 56% and 68%. The low prediction accuracy of fungal SM bioactivities likely stems from the small size of the data set; this lack of data, coupled with our finding that including bacterial BGC data in the training data did not substantially change accuracies currently limits the application of machine learning approaches to fungal SM studies. With >15,000 characterized fungal SMs, millions of putative BGCs in fungal genomes, and increased demand for novel drugs, efforts that systematically link fungal SM bioactivity to BGCs are urgently needed.

IMPORTANCE
Fungi are key sources of natural products and iconic drugs, including penicillin and statins. DNA sequencing has revealed that there are likely millions of biosynthetic pathways in fungal genomes, but the chemical structures and bioactivities of >99% of natural products produced by these pathways remain unknown. We used artificial intelligence to predict the bioactivities of diverse fungal biosynthetic pathways. We found that the accuracies of our predictions were generally low, between 51% and 68%, likely because the natural products and bioactivities of only very few fungal pathways are known. With >15,000 characterized fungal natural products, millions of putative biosynthetic pathways present in fungal genomes, and increased demand for novel drugs, our study suggests that there is an urgent need for efforts that systematically identify fungal biosynthetic pathways, their natural products, and their bioactivities.
Iron limitation indirectly reduces the
Escherichia coli torCAD
operon expression by a reduction of molybdenum cofactor availability
Authors: Hasnat Muhammad Abrar , Zupok Arkadiusz , Gorka Michal , Iobbi-Nivol Chantal , Skirycz Aleksandra , Jourlin-Castelli Cécile , Bier Frank , Agarwal Saloni , Irefo Ehizode , Leimkühler Silke 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

The expression of most molybdoenzymes in
Escherichia coli
has so far been revealed to be regulated by anaerobiosis and requires the presence of iron, based on the necessity of the transcription factor FNR to bind one [4Fe-4S] cluster. One exception is trimethylamine-
N
-oxide reductase encoded by the
torCAD
operon, which has been described to be expressed independently from FNR. In contrast to other alternative anaerobic respiratory systems, the expression of the
torCAD
operon was shown not to be completely repressed by the presence of dioxygen. To date, the basis for the O
2
-dependent expression of the
torCAD
operon has been related to the abundance of the transcriptional regulator IscR, which represses the transcription of
torS
and
torT,
and is more abundant under aerobic conditions than under anaerobic conditions. In this study, we reinvestigated the regulation of the
torCAD
operon and its dependence on the presence of iron and identified a novel regulation that depends on the presence of the bis-molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide (bis-MGD) molybdenum cofactor . We confirmed that the
torCAD
operon is directly regulated by the heme-containing protein TorC and is indirectly regulated by ArcA and by the availability of iron via active FNR and Fur, both regulatory proteins that influence the synthesis of the molybdenum cofactor. Furthermore, we identified a novel regulation mode of
torCAD
expression that is dependent on cellular levels of bis-MGD and is not used by other bis-MGD-containing enzymes like nitrate reductase.

IMPORTANCE

In bacteria, molybdoenzymes are crucial for anaerobic respiration using alternative electron acceptors. FNR is a very important transcription factor that represents the master switch for the expression of target genes in response to anaerobiosis. Only
Escherichia coli
trimethylamine-
N
-oxide (TMAO) reductase escapes this regulation by FNR. We identified that the expression of TMAO reductase is regulated by the amount of bis-molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide (bis-MGD) cofactor synthesized by the cell itself, representing a novel regulation pathway for the expression of an operon coding for a molybdoenzyme. Furthermore, TMAO reductase gene expression is indirectly regulated by the presence of iron, which is required for the production of the bis-MGD cofactor in the cell.
Influence of intellectual disability on exercise regulation: exploring verbal, auditory and visual guidance to contribute to promote inclusive exercise environments
Authors: Sakalidis Kandianos Emmanouil , Menting Stein Gerrit Paul , Hettinga Florentina Johanna 
Published: January 2024

ObjectiveThe role of intellectual disability (ID) in exercise regulation has remained largely unexplored, yet recent studies have indicated cognitive-related impaired pacing skills in people with ID. In a well-controlled laboratory environment, this study aims to (1) establish the role of ID in pacing and explore the ability of people with and without ID to maintain a steady pace; (2) to investigate if verbal feedback and/or (3) the presence of a pacer can improve the ability of people with ID to maintain a preplanned submaximal velocity.MethodsParticipants with (n=10) and without ID (n=10) were recruited and performed 7 min submaximal trials on a cycle ergometer (Velotron). Participants with ID also performed a cycling trial with a pacer (virtual avatar).ResultsThe non-parametric tests for repeated measures data (p≤0.05) showed that (1) people with ID deviated more from the targeted pace compared with people without ID, (2) the verbal feedback did not influence their ability to keep a steady pace and (3) they deviated less from the targeted pace when a visual pacer was introduced.ConclusionThe results revealed the difficulties of people with ID in planning and monitoring their exercise and the difficulties in appropriately responding to auditory and verbal feedback. Coaches and stakeholders who want to offer inclusive exercise pathways should consider that people with ID perform and pace themselves better when supported by intuitive, visual and personally meaningful stimuli such as other cyclists (avatars).
Gait asymmetry in spatiotemporal and kinetic variables does not increase running-related injury risk in lower limbs: a secondary analysis of a randomised trial including 800+ recreational runners
Authors: Malisoux Laurent , Gette Paul , Delattre Nicolas , Urhausen Axel , Theisen Daniel 
Published: January 2024

ObjectiveTo investigate asymmetry in spatiotemporal and kinetic variables in 800+ recreational runners, identify determinants of asymmetry, investigate if asymmetry is related to greater running injury risk and compare spatiotemporal and kinetic variables between the involved and uninvolved limb at baseline in runners having sustained an injury during follow-up.Methods836 healthy recreational runners (38.6% women) were tested on an instrumented treadmill at their preferred running speed at baseline and followed up for 6 months. From ground reaction force recordings, spatiotemporal and kinetic variables were derived for each lower limb. The Symmetry Index was computed for each variable. Correlations and multiple regression analyses were performed to identify potential determinants of asymmetry. Cox regression analyses investigated the association between asymmetry and injury risk. Analysis of variance for repeated measures was used to compare the involved and uninvolved limbs in runners who had sustained injuries during follow-up.Results107 participants reported at least one running-related injury. Leg length discrepancy and fat mass were the most common determinants of asymmetry, but all correlation coefficients were negligible (0.01–0.13) and explained variance was very low (multivariable-adjusted R2<0.01–0.03). Greater asymmetry for flight time and peak breaking force was associated with lower injury risk (HR (95% CI): 0.80 (0.64 to 0.99) and 0.96 (0.93 to 0.98), respectively). No between-limb differences were observed in runners having sustained an injury.ConclusionGait asymmetry was not associated with higher injury risk for investigated spatiotemporal and kinetic variables.Trial registration numberNCT03115437.
Isolating semi-leptonic $$H\rightarrow WW^{*}$$decays for Bell inequality tests
Authors: Fabbri Federica , Howarth James , Maurin Théo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe present a method for identifying $$H\rightarrow WW^* \rightarrow \ell \nu j j$$

H
→
W

W
∗

→
ℓ
ν
j
j

events in the presence of large Standard Model backgrounds and illustrate how this decay mode may be applied to the study of Bell-type Inequalities. Our findings reveal the feasibility of complete reconstruction of such Higgs decays and the efficacy of our suggested combination of selection criteria in effectively mitigating the otherwise overwhelming backgrounds. Our approach is based on a combination of bottom and charm tagging, alongside innovative reconstruction techniques. A realistic simulation based on publicly available object identification, reconstruction, and tagging efficiencies from the ATLAS experiment is used to explore the potential sensitivity to violations of the Collins-Gisin-Linden-Massar-Popescu (CGLMP) inequality in existing and expected future data collected at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). It is found that, the proposed method provides a powerful means of distinguishing the Higgs decay mode from the background, allowing us to achieve an expectation of approximately 3$$\sigma $$
σ
significance in detecting violations of these inequalities with 300 $$\hbox {fb}^{-1}$$

fb

-
1

of data, soon-to-be collected by the LHC.
Bright soliton of the perturbed Schrödinger–Hirota equation with cubic–quintic–septic law of self-phase modulation in the presence of spatiotemporal dispersion
Authors: Ozdemir Neslihan , Altun Selvi , Secer Aydin , Ozisik Muslum , Bayram Mustafa 
Published: January 2024

AbstractFor the first time, we intend to scrutinize both the bright optical soliton solutions of the perturbed Schrödinger–Hirota equation with cubic–quintic–septic law having the spatiotemporal dispersion and the influences of the considered equation parameters on the soliton structure. The simple version of the new extended auxiliary equation method is utilized to carry out the aims. Taking the suitable complex wave transformation, the investigated equation becomes a nonlinear ordinary differential equation. Then, a system consisting of equations in polynomial structure utilizing the technique was able to produce. The bright optical solution is generated by utilizing the presented method. Finally, numerous projections of the bright soliton are indicated to explain the propagation of optical pulses in optic fibers. Furthermore, some depictions describing the effect of the model parameter were added.
Benchmarking regularisation methods for quantum process tomography on NISQ devices
Authors: David I. J. , Sinayskiy I. , Petruccione F. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractQuantum process tomography (QPT) is a crucial tool for characterizing and validating quantum devices and quantum algorithms. However, the problem of finite sampling leads to an estimated process matrix which is non-positive semi-definite (non-PSD), which can yield a reconstructed quantum channel that is non-physical. To address this problem, various methods have been proposed to correct the issue of finite sampling in the estimation of the process matrix. In this work, we perform a comparison of regularisation methods that will be used to tackle the problem of finite sampling in QPT. For this comparison we simulate some common single qubit quantum channels. We use two metrics, the minimum eigenvalue of the Choi matrix and the fidelity, to compare the effectiveness of these methods. Our results show that the spectral transformations perform the best overall in dealing with finite sampling present in reconstructing the quantum channel in the NISQ era.
Neutralizing Antibodies Impair the Oncolytic Efficacy of Reovirus but Permit Effective Combination with T cell–Based Immunotherapies
Authors: Groeneveldt Christianne , Kinderman Priscilla , Griffioen Lisa , Rensing Olivia , Labrie Camilla , van den Wollenberg Diana J.M. , Hoeben Rob C. , Coffey Matt , Loghmani Houra , Verdegaal Els M.E. , Welters Marij J.P. , van der Burg Sjoerd H. , van Hall Thorbald , van Montfoort Nadine 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Reovirus type 3 Dearing (Reo), manufactured for clinical application as pelareorep, is an attractive anticancer agent under evaluation in multiple phase 2 clinical trials for the treatment of solid tumors. It elicits its anticancer efficacy by inducing both oncolysis and intratumoral T-cell influx. Because most people have been preexposed to Reo, neutralizing antibodies (NAb) are prevalent in patients with cancer and might present a barrier to effective Reo therapy. Here, we tested serum of patients with cancer and healthy controls (n = 100) and confirmed that Reo NAbs are present in &gt;80% of individuals. To investigate the effect of NAbs on both the oncolytic and the immunostimulatory efficacy of Reo, we established an experimental mouse model with Reo preexposure. The presence of preexposure-induced NAbs reduced Reo tumor infection and prevented Reo-mediated control of tumor growth after intratumoral Reo administration. In B cell–deficient mice, the lack of NAbs provided enhanced tumor growth control after Reo monotherapy, indicating that NAbs limit the oncolytic capacity of Reo. In immunocompetent mice, intratumoral T-cell influx was not affected by the presence of preexposure-induced NAbs and consequently, combinatorial immunotherapy strategies comprising Reo and T-cell engagers or checkpoint inhibitors remained effective in these settings, also after a clinically applied regimen of multiple intravenous pelareorep administrations. Altogether, our data indicate that NAbs hamper the oncolytic efficacy of Reo, but not its immunotherapeutic capacity. Given the high prevalence of seropositivity for Reo in patients with cancer, our data strongly advocate for the application of Reo as part of T cell–based immunotherapeutic strategies.
HARVESTING TIME AND VIABILITY OF Ixora coccinea 'Dwarf Red Coccinea' POLLEN
Authors: Leung David 
Published: January 2024

The cultivated variety of the non-native I. coccinea, Knowledge about pollen of Ixora coccinea, cv. â€˜Dwarf Red Coccineaâ€™ to be collected for basic investigations or plant breeding purposes is limited. Under a light microscope, I. coccinea, cv. â€˜Dwarf Red Coccineaâ€™ pollen was generally prolate in shape which was different from that ofÂ I. congesta and I. arborea. In addition, the quantity, viability and germinability of pollen collected at different times from 8 am to 4 pm in a summer day from the flowers of I. coccinea, cv. â€˜Dwarf Red Coccineaâ€™ were investigated. Pollen quantity was determined using a haemacytometer while the viable and germinable pollen was examined after staining with 1% acetocarmine and germinating on a modified agar-gelled germination medium, respectively. The I. coccinea, cv. â€˜Dwarf Red Coccineaâ€™ pollen collected at 10 am exhibited the highest pollen density and germination percentage of 53.3Ã—104 pollen/ml and 72.05%, respectively. When these pollen were germinated on the artificial medium supplemented with various sucrose concentrations, the highest in vitro '˜Dwarf Red Coccinea' pollen germinability was found on a medium containing 10% sucrose. It was concluded that the best time to collect I. coccinea, cv. '˜Dwarf Red Coccinea' pollen was at 10 AM. Further studies would be worthwhile to investigate more closely the effect of changes in the environmental factors (for example, ambient temperature and humidity) even within the same day on harvestable pollen quantity and quality as well as pistil phenology to develop a more complete breeding strategy for Ixora.