bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Statistical relationship between hardness of drinking water and cerebrovascular mortality in Valencia: a comparison of spatiotemporal models
Authors: Ferrándiz J. , López‐Quílez A. , Gómez‐Rubio V. , Sanmartín P. , Martínez‐Beneito M. A. , Melchor I. , Vanaclocha H. , Zurriaga O. , Ballester F. , Gil J. M. , Pérez‐Hoyos S. , Abellán J. J. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThe statistical detection of environmental risk factors in public health studies is usually difficult due to the weakness of their effects and their confounding with other covariates. Small area geographical data bring the opportunity of observing health response in a wide variety of exposure values. Temporal sequences of these geographical datasets are crucial to gaining statistical power in detecting factors.The spatiotemporal models required to perform the statistical analysis have to allow for spatial and temporal correlations, which are more easily modelled via hierarchical structures of hidden random factors. These models have produced important research activity during the last decade, the most promising line being Bayesian analysis via Markov chain Monte Carlo. Practical issues without a clear answer still remain. Model comparison is one of those with the most practical relevance.In this article we perform the analysis of hierarchical spatiotemporal models to evaluate the protective effect of calcium and magnesium in drinking water against cerebrovascular mortality. Our data register yearly mortality counts from 1990 to 1995 in a municipality scale but we are not sure which temporal aggregation would be adequate. Many small counts might introduce computational artifacts, leading to inaccurate conclusions. We compare hierarchical models of diverse structure for different temporal aggregation settings via pseudo‐Bayes factor and deviance information criteria. We carry out a sensitivity analysis of our main conclusions to ascertain their validity independently of the arbitrary degree of data aggregation and model structure. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Semiparametric spatio‐temporal frailty modeling
Authors: Banerjee Sudipto , Carlin Bradley P. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractRecent developments in GIS have encouraged health science databases to incorporate geographical information about the subjects under study. Such databases have in turn generated interest among statisticians to develop and analyze models that account for spatial clustering and variation. In this article we develop a semiparametric (Cox) hierarchical Bayesian frailty model for capturing spatio‐temporal heterogeneity in the survival patterns of women diagnosed with breast cancer in Iowa. In the absence of appropriate surrogates for standards of treatments and health care for cancer patients in the different counties, epidemiologists and health‐care professionals are interested in discerning spatial patterns in survival from breast cancer that might be present among the counties. In addition, it is naturally of interest to see if the counties show discernible temporal trends over the years. The SEER (Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results) database from the National Cancer Institute (NCI) provides data on a cohort of breast cancer patients observed progressively through time, spanning 26 years. We implement our hierarchical spatio‐temporal models on data extracted from the database for the 99 counties of Iowa. Our results suggest log‐relative hazards that are generally flat initially, but steadily decrease for more recent years. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New switched‐network phase shifter with broadband characteristics
Authors: Eom Soon‐Young , Park Han‐Kyu 
Published: June 2003

AbstractA new switched‐network broadband phase shifter is presented in this paper. The proposed unique network consists of a fixed main line of length λ/2, and λ/8 parallel open and short stubs, which are shunted at the edge points of the main line. It has a more dispersive phase property than a standard transmission line, and can control the phase slope by the optimum Zm and Zs values to produce an impedance match and minimum phase deviation at the desired phase shift. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 38: 255–257, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11030
Improved coplanar waveguide (CPW) bandstop filter with photonic bandgap (PBG) structure
Authors: Her Man‐Long , Chang Chin‐Min , Wang Yu‐Zhen , Kung Fan‐Hsi , Chiou Yi‐Chyun 
Published: June 2003

AbstractA new doubly tapered photonic bandgap (DT‐PBG) technique in both planar and cylindrical coplanar waveguide (CCPW) structures is proposed and analyzed. The DT‐PBG structure of a coplanar waveguide (CPW) bandstop filter not only can reduce the passband ripple but can also increase the stopband rejection bandwidth without degrading the upper passband loss. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 38: 274–277, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11036
Error estimates for finite volume element methods for general second‐order elliptic problems
Authors: Wu Haijun , Li Ronghua 
Published: June 2003

AbstractWe treat the finite volume element method (FVE) for solving general second order elliptic problems as a perturbation of the linear finite element method (FEM), and obtain the optimal H1 error estimate, H1 superconvergence and Lp (1 < p ≤ ∞) error estimates between the solution of the FVE and that of the FEM. In particular, the superconvergence result does not require any extra assumptions on the mesh except quasi‐uniform. Thus the error estimates of the FVE can be derived by the standard error estimates of the FEM. Moreover we consider the effects of numerical integration and prove that the use of barycenter quadrature rule does not decrease the convergence orders of the FVE. The results of this article reveal that the FVE is in close relationship with the FEM. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 19: 693–708, 2003.
A high‐order compact boundary value method for solving one‐dimensional heat equations
Authors: Sun Haiwei , Zhang Jun 
Published: June 2003

AbstractWe combine fourth‐order boundary value methods (BVMs) for discretizing the temporal variable with fourth‐order compact difference scheme for discretizing the spatial variable to solve one‐dimensional heat equations. This class of new compact difference schemes achieve fourth‐order accuracy in both temporal and spatial variables and are unconditionally stable due to the favorable stability property of BVMs. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the new compact difference scheme, compared to the standard second‐order Crank‐Nicolson scheme. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 19: 846–857, 2003.
The impact of human resource management on export performance of Chinese manufacturing enterprises
Authors: Deng Jianshu , Menguc Bulent , Benson John 
Published: June 2003

AbstractExport growth has been a major contributor to the economic development of China. Underpinning this growth was
the development of special economic zones, the reform of SOEs, and the adoption of new models of human resource
management. Few empirical studies, however, have been conducted to explore the effects of human resource
management on the export performance of Chinese firms. This was the purpose of this study. Based on a survey of
96 SOEs in four special economic zones, the research found that human resource management had a substantial
impact on enterprise performance as measured by export growth and the percentage of export sales. The article
concludes by suggesting avenues for future research. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal progenitor cells encapsulated in ultrahigh‐viscosity alginate
Authors: Steinert Andre , Weber Meike , Dimmler Arno , Julius Conrad , Schütze Norbert , Nöth Ulrich , Cramer Hubert , Eulert Jochen , Zimmermann Ulrich , Hendrich Christian 
Published: June 2003

AbstractOne major problem of current cartilage repair techniques is that three‐dimensional encapsulated mesenchymal progenitor cells frequently differentiate into hypertrophic cells that express type X collagen and osteogenic marker genes. Studies on wild‐type cells of murine mesenchymal C3H10T1/2 progenitor cells as well as on cells transfected with cDNA encoding for bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)‐2 or ‐4 in alginate revealed that the formation of markers for osteogenesis and chondrogenic hypertrophy apparently depended on the BMP‐transfection. Cells were encapsulated in ultrahigh‐viscosity, clinical grade alginate and differentiation was studied over a period of 17 days. Consistent with results published previously (Biomaterials, 2002;23:2003) staining with haematoxylin–eosin or Alcian blue, immunohistochemical analysis, and quantitative RT‐PCR confirmed the expression of chondrogenic markers (chondroitin‐4‐ and ‐6‐sulfate as well as type II collagen). Production of chondrogenic markers was particularly high in BMP‐4 transfected cells. Hypertrophic chondrogenesis did not occur in BMP‐4 transfected cells, as revealed by measurement of type X collagen, but could be demonstrated for wild‐type cells and to some extent for BMP‐2 transfected cells. The osteogenic markers, type I collagen, alkaline phosphatase, and Cbfal were upregulated in all cell lines even though the levels and the time of upregulation differed significantly. In any case, the markers were less and only very shortly expressed in BMP‐4 transfected cells as revealed quantitatively by real time RT‐PCR. Thus, the in vitro results suggested that BMP‐4 is a very promising candidate for suppressing chondrogenic hypertrophy, while simultaneously enhancing the production of chondrogenic components. © 2003 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 accelerates healing of transected rat Achilles tendon and in vitro stimulates tendocytes growth
Authors: Staresinic M. , Sebecic B. , Patrlj L. , Jadrijevic S. , Suknaic S. , Perovic D. , Aralica G. , Zarkovic N. , Borovic S. , Srdjak M. , Hajdarevic K. , Kopljar M. , Batelja L. , Boban‐Blagaic A. , Turcic I. , Anic T. , Seiwerth S. , Sikiric P. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractIn studies intended to improve healing of transected Achilles tendon, effective was a stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 (GEPPPGKPADDAGLV, M.W. 1419). Currently in clinical trials for inflammatory bowel disease (PLD‐116, PL 14736, Pliva), it ameliorates internal and external wound healing. In rats, the right Achilles tendon transected (5 mm proximal to its calcaneal insertion) presents with a large tendon defect between cut ends. Agents (/kg b.w., i.p., once time daily) (BPC 157 (dissolved in saline, with no carrier addition) (10 μg, 10 ng or 10 pg) or saline (5.0 ml)), were firstly applied at 30 min after surgery, the last application at 24 h before autopsy. Achilles functional index (AFI) was assessed once time daily. Biomechanical, microscopical and macroscopical assessment was on day 1, 4, 7, 10 and 14. Controls generally have severely compromised healing. In comparison, pentadecapeptide BPC 157 fully improves recovery: (i) biomechanically, increased load of failure, load of failure per area and Young's modulus of elasticity; (ii) functionally, significantly higher AFI‐values; (iii) microscopically, more mononuclears and less granulocytes, superior formation of fibroblasts, reticulin and collagen; (iv) macroscopically, smaller size and depth of tendon defect, and subsequently the reestablishment of full tendon integrity. Likewise, unlike TGF‐β, pentadecapeptide BPC 157, presenting with no effect on the growth of cultured cell of its own, consistently opposed 4‐hydroxynonenal (HNE), a negative modulator of the growth. HNE‐effect is opposed in both combinations: BPC 157 + HNE (HNE growth inhibiting effect reversed into growth stimulation of cultured tendocytes) and HNE + BPC 157(abolished inhibiting activity of the aldehyde), both in the presence of serum and serum deprived conditions. In conclusion, these findings, particularly. Achilles tendon transection fully recovered in rats, peptide stability suitable delivery, usefully favor gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 in future Achilles tendon therapy. © 2003 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Indentation properties of growing femoral head following ischemic necrosis
Authors: Pringle Douglas , Koob Thomas J. , Kim Harry K. W. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractLittle is known about the mechanical properties of the growing femoral head as it develops deformity following ischemic injury. The purpose of this study was to determine the indentation stiffness of growing femoral head following ischemic injury and to correlate the changes in stiffness with radiographic and histopathologic changes in the femoral head as it develops deformity. Following the induction of ischemia in 24 piglets, indentation testing of whole femoral heads was performed at 2, 4, and 8 weeks, as well as on femoral heads from eight sham operated animals. At 2 weeks, a 52% reduction of indentation stiffness was observed in the infarcted femoral heads compared to the control heads (p = 0.004). The bony epiphyses in infarcted femoral heads were smaller due to growth arrest but they were not deformed. Histologically, no evidence of repair was seen. At 4 and 8 weeks, the indentation stiffness in the infarcted femoral heads was reduced by 75% (p < 0.000001) and 72% (p = 0.001) respectively compared to the control heads. Variable degree of femoral head deformity and repair was observed at 4 weeks. Severe deformity with extensive revascularization and repair were observed at 8 weeks. Although epiphyseal cartilage was thickened on the infarcted femoral heads only a weak correlation was found between the increase in the cartilage thickness and the decrease in the indentation stiffness (R2 = 0.55). These results indicate that the indentation properties of growing femoral head were significantly affected by ischemic injury, prior to the presence of repair process and deformity. A further decrease in the indentation stiffness was concomitant with repair of the infarcted head. These findings suggest that a reduction in the mechanical properties of the infarcted femoral head include both a cartilage and a bony component, which cannot be differentiated at this point. The study validates early institution of treatments that are aimed at limiting the mechanical loading of the affected hip. The study also suggests that in order to minimize the mechanical compromise of the infarcted femoral head, early institution of treatments aimed at stimulating new bone formation and retarding osteoclastic bone resorption may be beneficial. © 2003 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
The significance of coping as a therapeutic variable for the outcome of psychological therapy in schizophrenia
Authors: Andres Karl , Pfammatter Mario , Fries Alexander , Brenner Hans Dieter 
Published: June 2003

AbstractAlthough there is now strong evidence confirming the efficacy of psychological therapies in schizophrenia, the therapeutic processes which they activate remain widely unknown. In order to effectively implement them in clinical practice, identification of these processes is essential. In a controlled study, the efficacy of a coping-oriented therapy approach for schizophrenia patients was tested. Furthermore, the study aimed at establishing preliminary hypotheses on the therapeutically relevant factors. Treatment effects were found in the prominence of psychopathology, the extent of cognizance of the disorder, and the level of social functioning. Moreover, a better psychopathological and social outcome as measured 12 and 18 months after completion of therapy was best predicted by the patients’ mastery of active, problem-focused coping strategies immediately after completion of therapy. The findings underscore the clinical relevance of specific coping styles and corroborate the appropriateness of focusing on aspects of coping behavior in psychological interventions for schizophrenia patients.
Monitoring coastal northern cod: towards an optimal survey of Smith Sound, Newfoundland
Authors: Rose George A 
Published: June 2003

Abstract
The extant, coastal northern cod (Gadus morhua) have over-wintered and spawned in Smith Sound, Newfoundland, since 1995, and acoustic surveys have been conducted in several seasons since then. Cod move into the Sound in late fall, over-winter in a dense, size- and age-structured aggregation, spawn between late March and early June and then disperse into and beyond Trinity Bay during summer to feed. The optimal survey time for biomass estimation is January–February, when the waters are ice-free and the cod are in mono-specific, relatively stationary, and well-defined aggregations with the highest densities and are typically clear of “bottom returns”. Biomass surveys have been conducted in mid-January since 1999. An error analysis indicated the main sources of uncertainty to be density variability and target strength (TS). Repeated quasi-synoptic (10 h) surveys were the optimal means of producing an estimate of uncertainty about population size. Some vertical movement led to night-time surveys consistently having higher estimates than day-time surveys by approximately 15%. Detectability ranged from 73 to 86% and deadzone-corrected, acoustic measures did not differ from swept-area densities found by bottom trawling. Biomass scaling by TS used length-dependant dB/kg to reduce the size-sampling error. Overall, population biomass doubled in approximately 7 years, consistent with a rate of increase around 0.2, largely through recruitment. The surveys are internally consistent and indicate instantaneous rates of mortality among year classes of 0.3 to >2 (very high on older fish) and provide a method for monitoring the annual biomass (cv<40%).
Acoustic characterization of gelatinous plankton aggregations: four case studies from the Argentine continental shelf
Authors: Colombo Gustavo Alvarez , Mianzan Hermes , Madirolas Adrian 
Published: June 2003

Abstract
During routine acoustic surveys for the assessment of fish abundance in the Argentine Sea, large-scale, plankton-like scattering layers covering thousands of square nautical miles are commonly observed. Net sampling revealed that many of these scattering layers comprised gelatinous zooplankters aggregated in dense concentrations in the main. Even though echoes from gelatinous zooplankton are expected to be weak, because of the low reflectivity of their bodies, dense aggregations are capable of producing sound-scattering levels high enough to mask even the overlapping echoes from swimbladdered fish. The objective of this study is to relate the aggregations of four gelatinous species identified by means of nets to the presence of sound-scattering layers. Selected sections of echo recordings from aggregations of Lychnorhiza lucerna (Scyphozoa), Iasis zonaria (Salpidae), Mnemiopsis leidyi (Ctenophora), and Aequorea sp. (Hydrozoa) were obtained at 38 or 120 kHz, at different locations along the Argentine shelf. Some features of the spatial distributions of the aggregations are described. The feasibility of remote detection for different gelatinous groups is of great importance considering the impact that blooms of these organisms could have on some particularly sensitive ecosystems (e.g. fish spawning and nursery grounds). The characterization of specific aggregation and behavioural patterns will allow the mapping ofjellyfish distributions by the analysis of previous cruise databases. This methodology will provide a baseline for the study of spatial and temporal changes and trends in their abundance.
Extraction and comparison of acoustic backscatter from a calibrated multi- and single-beam sonar
Authors: Melvin Gary D , Cochrane Norman A , Li Yanchao 
Published: June 2003

Abstract
Multi-beam sonar is potentially a powerful analytical tool for investigating the acoustic properties and behaviour of fish in relation to quantitative fisheries research. The SIMRAD SM2000 is a 200 kHz multi-beam sonar employing an 80-element array to transmit and synthesize, electronically, 128 receive beams (20°×2.2°) over a 180° arc simultaneously. Once calibrated, such systems enable the extraction of acoustic target strength and volume backscattering from an extended 3D ocean volume. We present an overview of the theoretical framework for the calibration of a multi-beam sonar, and then compare the acoustic backscatter from a calibrated single-beam 50 kHz echosounder with selected beams from a sphere-calibrated multi-beam sonar. Both systems recorded acoustic data from Atlantic herring contained within a weir, as the fish passed beneath the transducers. Specifically, we examine the relationship between the area-backscattering strength (Sa) from the single-beam system with the nadir beam (beam 63) of the SM2000 sonar. In addition, data are presented on the observed variability in Sa with target aspect for off-vertical angles from 15° to 60° in 15° intervals. Non-standard synthesized SM2000 beam widths are explored for both calibration and field datasets. The implications for biomass estimation are also discussed.
Wide-bandwidth acoustical characterization of anchovy and sardine from reverberation measurements in an echoic tank
Authors: Conti Stéphane G , Demer David A 
Published: June 2003

Abstract
The total-scattering cross-sections (σt) of anchovy (Engraulis mordax) and sardine (Sardinops sagax caerulea) were measured acoustically over a wide bandwidth (0.5–202 kHz) from ensembles of reverberation time-series. Measurements were made sequentially in two cylindrical, galvanized-steel tanks containing filtered seawater (21±1°C). The lower-frequency measurements were made from two groups of fish (35 anchovy and 10 sardine) in a 1000-l tank, and those at higher-frequency (≥36 kHz) from 10 individual fish in a 100-l tank for each species. Thus, wide-bandwidth, total target strengths (TTS = 10 log10(σt/4π)) were estimated for multiple sizes of these important pelagic species of the California Current. The TTS frequency dependence (TTS(f)) is significantly different for these two species. For sardine, it first increases and then decreases over the frequency range, whereas for anchovy it increases monotonically with frequency. Moreover, at 38, 70, 120, and 200 kHz the variations of TTS with fish length and weight were markedly non-linear. Empirical estimates of TTS were statistically compared with theoretical predictions derived using the Kirchhoff ray-mode model. When surveying with echo-integration methods these measurements should be useful in the acoustical identification and classification of anchovy and sardine and for estimating their sizes.