bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quality of life and functional evaluation after supracricoid partial laryngectomy with cricohyoidoepiglottopexy in Mexican patients
Authors: Luna-Ortiz Kuauhyama , Núñez-Valencia Ethel R. , Tamez-Velarde Mario , Granados-Garcia Martin 
Published: April 2004

This study assessed the functional results in patients treated primarily through supracricoid partial laryngectomy (SCPL) with cricohyoidoepiglottopexy (CHEP).Fifteen patients with a diagnosis of epidermoid carcinoma of the glottis region admitted to the Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (México) between June 2001 and September 2002 were studied. Three patients were at stage I, five at stage II, six at stage III, and one at stage IV. Both cricoarytenoid units were preserved in 12 patients, and only one in three. Each case was assessed through the clinical grading postoperative aspiration (CGPA) scale, the performance status scale for head and neck cancer (PSS-HNC), and the Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS). Likewise, voice quality of the patients was assessed regarding tone and intensity using the SpeechViewer version 1 (IBM) and data were obtained with the Cool Edit 2000 software.Twelve patients received phoniatric rehabilitation and three were left without rehabilitation. The average time for decannulation was 12 days and 23 days for removal of the nasogastric catheter. The degree of aspiration was 0 in four patients and one in 11. According to PSS-HNC, the mean for normalcy in the diet was 95 and the mean for those eating in public was 91. Intelligibility reached an average of 90. Karnofsky’s assessment was related to the disease and not to the treatment, as it remained at 100 per cent in most patients and was never below 80 percent. The mean intensity of quality of voice was -18 dB below normal; however, the mean frequency was 243.7 Hz.SCPL and CHEP allows the preservation of the basic function of the larynx; however, a clear alteration in voice occurs after the procedure, although normal frequency is kept when both arytenoids are preserved. Likewise, preservation of both arytenoids shortens the time needed for cannula and feeding catheter removal. PSS-HNC, Karnofsky, and CGPA assessments demonstrated thatpatients can reach an almost normal bio-psycho-social integration. It is recommended that all patients be subjected to phoniatric rehabilitation.
Selbstnachführendes Laserinterferometer für die Koordinatenmesstechnik (Tracking Laser Interferometer for Coordinate Metrology)
Authors: Härtig Frank , Keck Christian , Kniel Karin , Schwenke Heinrich , Wäldele Franz , Wendt Klaus 
Published: April 2004

Abstract
Die Genauigkeit von Koordinatenmessgeräten (KMG) kann durch die Integration eines selbstnachführenden Laserinterferometers deutlich verbessert werden. Das in der Physikalisch-Technischen Bundesanstalt (PTB) entwickelte Verfahren verknüpft die Koordinaten jedes gemessenen Punktes des KMG mit einer hochgenauen interferometrischen Längeninformation. Die zentrale Komponente hierbei ist das ebenfalls in der PTB entwickelte selbstnachführende Laserinterferometer. Sein konstruktiver Aufbau ermöglicht hochgenaue Abstandsmessungen im Raum. Ergebnisse aus Simulationen und Messungen verifizieren das neue Verfahren.
Mehrkanalige Signalschätzung für die technische Diagnose (Multi-channel Signal Estimation for Machine Diagnosis)
Authors: Knaak Mirko , Filbert Dieter 
Published: April 2004

Abstract
Die akustische Maschinendiagnose hat die Aufgabe, aus dem möglicherweise verrauschten und durch andere Signale gestörten Schallsignal einer Maschine auf deren Fehlerzustand zu schließen. Da dieses Mustererkennungsproblem bereits bei ungestörten Signalen schwierig ist, wird vorgeschlagen, die Störungen mit einer mehrkanaligen Signalschätzung zu eliminieren. Der vorgestellte Algorithmus beruht auf den Methoden der ICA (Independent Component Analysis), integriert vorhandene, jedoch ungenaue geometrische Informationen und erzielt somit sehr gute Schätzraten bei hoher Robustheit. Er ist nicht wie die derzeitigen Algorithmen der akustischen blinden Quellentrennung auf zwei Signale begrenzt und erzielt somit sehr gute Schätzraten bei höherer Robustheit als adaptive Beamformer.
Annealing studies of high Ge composition Si/SiGe multilayers
Authors: Meduňa Mojmír , Novák Jiří , Bauer Günther , Holý Václav , Falub Claudiu Valentin , Tsujino Soichiro , Müller Elisabeth , Grützmacher Detlev , Campidelli Yves , Kermarrec Olivier , Bensahel Daniel 
Published: April 2004

Abstract
For the design flexibility of SiGe based quantum cascade lasers high Ge composition Si/SiGe (x = 80%) superlattices are important. We present an X-ray small angle scattering and high-resolution X-ray diffraction study on strain compensated Si/Si1–

x
Gex multiple quantum well structures with Ge compositions (x up to 80%), grown on Si0.5Ge0.5 pseudo-substrates. To test the temperature stability of such layers occurring in processing steps, in-situ annealing X-ray reflectivity measurements were performed for temperatures up to 810 °C. From the analysis of the reflectivity data, we obtain the layer thicknesses and the interface roughness of the superlattices during annealing. Using a one dimensional diffusion equation, the Ge diffusion coefficient for these conditions was obtained. Furthermore, the strain status and Ge composition in the superlattice structure and in the SiGe buffer before and after annealing were determined from the symmetrical and asymmetrical reciprocal space maps.
Polymeric structures at interfaces: An X-ray scattering study
Authors: Panagiotou Panteleimon , Bauer Estelle , Loi Simona , Titz Tobias , Maurer Edith , Müller-Buschbaum Peter 
Published: April 2004

Abstract
X-ray scattering based on synchrotron radiation enables the detection of polymeric structures at interfaces despite the weak contrast between adjacent polymers build-up from different monomeric units. Variable types of polymeric structures result from typical pattern directing mechanisms, such as dewetting in case of homopolymer films, phase separation in polymer blend films, micro-phase separation in diblock copolymer films and surface enrichment in statistical copolymer films. The pattern directing mechanisms introduce structures ordered perpendicular and parallel to the polymeric surface. Consequently, specular and off-specular X-ray scattering is applied as demonstrated within examples. From scattering the characteristic structures which are not accessible by means of other techniques are determined. Limitations with respect to isolated objects such as holes are discussed.
Epidemiology and Geography of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Qiao Qing , Williams Desmond E. , Imperatore Giuseppina , Narayan K.M. Venkat , Tuomilehto Jaakko 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe prevalence of diabetes and impaired glucose metabolism has increased dramatically and has become a serious public health problem worldwide. Age‐ and sex‐specific prevalence of diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance, and impaired fasting glycemia in different ethnic groups in different regions are presented in the chapter. The prevalence of fasting and postload hyperglycemia, the gender difference in the prevalence, the ratio of impaired glucose tolerance to diabetes, and the proportion of undiagnosed diabetes are all reported. The problems with the evolution of the diagnostic criteria for diabetes and other abnormal glucose categories are also addressed. The prevalence estimates presented in the chapter were collected mainly from studies where age‐ and sex‐specific prevalence had been estimated using the World Health Organization 1999 criteria. The secular trend in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes is discussed. The prevalence and the incidence of type 2 diabetes in children and the problem of differentiation between type 1 and type 2 diabetes are also discussed.
Lipid and Lipoprotein Metabolism
Authors: Ruotolo Giacomo , Howard Barbara V. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe three major components of the dyslipidemia associated with insulin resistance are increased fasting and postprandial triglyceride‐rich lipoproteins (TRLs), decreased high‐density lipoprotein (HDL), and increased small, dense low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) particles. The insulin resistance and compensatory hyperinsulinemia lead to overproduction of VLDL particles, an early abnormality of insulin resistance. A relative defective lipoprotein lipase (LPL)‐mediated lipolysis has also an important role in the dyslipidemia, since largely contributes to the decreased clearance of fasting and postprandial TRLs and to the decreased production of HDL particles. The resulting increased concentration of cholesteryl ester‐rich fasting and postprandial TRLs [intermediate‐density lipoprotein (IDL) and chylomicron remnants, respectively] is a central lipoprotein abnormality of insulin resistance. The increase of small, dense LDL particles, and decrease of large, buoyant HDL particles seem to be consequential events of the delayed metabolism of TRLs. The dyslipidemia associated with insulin resistance plays a major role in the development of atherosclerosis, and contributes largely to the increased cardiovascular disease risk in individuals with insulin resistance. Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors (PPARs) (α, γ, and δ) are ligand‐activated transcription factors belonging to the nuclear receptor family. PPARs agonists seem to improve the dyslipidemia of insulin resistance, by regulating the expression of important genes involved in the deranged lipoprotein metabolism associated with insulin resistance. New compounds with multiple PPAR‐agonist activity are currently under investigation, and could represent a possible solution to the radical treatment of the dyslipidemia of insulin resistance.
Exercise
Authors: Galbo Henrik , Richter Erik A. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractIf type 1 diabetic patients take too little insulin, exercise accelerates the rate at which hyperglycemia and ketosis develop. On the other hand, if the patients take too much insulin, hypoglycemia develops more rapidly, if they also exercise. However, education and home monitoring of blood glucose concentrations allow insulin‐treated diabetic patients to change amount and timing of insulin and food intake to cope with any exercise challenge. In type 2 diabetic patients the metabolic risks with exercise are less. In the postprandial state exercise always reduces glucose levels, and the decrease seems determined primarily by overall energy expenditure. In response to regularly repeated exercise, i.e. training, type 2 diabetic patients show an increase in insulin sensitivity in muscle and a reduction in HbA1clevels. In contrast, type 1 diabetic patients cannot be recommended training as a means to improve glycemic control. However, in addition to mental and social benefits both groups may achieve improvements in aerobic exercise capacity, muscle strength, arterial blood pressure, and endothelium‐dependent vasodilation by training. Furthermore, cardiovascular morbidity and mortality are lower and life expectancy increased in physically active compared with sedentary diabetic patients. The risk of getting type 2 diabetes can also be reduced by an active life style. Before increasing the level of physical activity all diabetic patients should undergo a thorough medical evaluation. In case of overt or suspected clinically silent long‐term complications the examination should include a graded exercise test with ECG and blood pressure measurement. Based on the examination an appropriate program, which accounts for individual limitations and preferences and includes, for instance, both aerobic and resistance training, can be worked out for all patients.
Education of the Diabetic PatientThis article is based in part on a chapter of the same title that was published in an earlier edition of theInternational Textbook of Diabetes Mellitus, by J.L. Day and J.‐P. Assal.
Authors: Day J.L. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThis chapter provides an overview of the importance of patient education in the clinical area of those with diabetes. A historical review of its development is provided, followed by the determinants of success or failure of educational processes. These include the weak relationship between knowledge and behavior, the context of the learning process, patients' perception of their disease and its treatment, non‐acceptance of disease, the need for patient empowerment, perceived benefits and barriers, patient satisfaction and quality of life. Behavioral models of education are reviewed. Recommendations are provided for those planning programs about the choice between different types of program, problems of development of clear‐cut definition of objectives in behavioral terms, choice of learning methods, the use of audiovisual aids and computer based learning materials. Certain specific problems are dealt with in more detail, for example; the initiation of insulin therapy and learning about hypoglycemia. Methods of evaluation of process and outcome are described and the need for these to be repeated on a regular basis stressed. The lifelong process of education and the recognition that all carers are involved and require training in this process, are emphasized.
The Role of Glycemia in Diabetic Complications
Authors: Amiel Stephanie A. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe diabetes syndromes share hyperglycemia as a common metabolic abnormality. Microvascular complications unique to diabetes and the early and more aggressive appearance of macrovascular complications in diabetes of most types imply a common etiopathogenesis. Epidemiological evidence certainly supports the view that chronic hyperglycemia is associated with greater risk of all the diabetic complications. Despite the obvious influence of genetics and other risk factors for vascular damage, prospective randomized controlled trials that target intensified glucose control in diabetes show a striking reduction in the prevalence of micro‐ and macrovascular disease in type 1 and type 2 diabetes and of macrovascular disease in type 1, with suggestions that the glucose targets need to be lower than those achieved to date in order to have an impact upon macrovascular disease in type 2 also. These data show the importance of glucose controlper sein the minimization of complication risk in diabetes.
Managing financial risk in planning under uncertainty
Authors: Barbaro Andres , Bagajewicz Miguel J. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractA methodology is presented to include financial risk management in the framework of two‐stage stochastic programming for planning under uncertainty. A known probabilistic definition of financial risk is adapted to be used in this framework and its relation to downside risk is analyzed. Using these definitions, new two‐stage stochastic programming models that manage financial risk are presented. Computational issues related to these models are also discussed. © 2004 American Institute of Chemical EngineersAIChE J, 50: 963–989, 2004
Clinical application of genetic testing for deafness
Authors: Smith Richard J.H. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractAdvances in the molecular biology of hearing and deafness have identified many genes essential for normal auditory function. Allele variants of these genes cause nonsyndromic deafness, making mutation screening a valuable test to unequivocally diagnose many different forms of inherited deafness. In this study, genetic testing of GJB2, SLC26A4 and WFS1 is reviewed. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The influence of fiber processing parameters on the structural properties of as‐spun polypropylene fibers: A factorial design approach
Authors: Yang Ruodan , Mather Robert R. , Fotheringham Alex F. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe structures of polypropylene fibers, spun according to a factorial experimental design, have been studied with the aid of wide angle X‐ray diffraction and birefringence measurements. From statistical analysis of the results, the fibers have been characterized in terms of their crystallographic order and the overall orientation of their constituent polymer chains. These properties have been quantitatively assessed as responses to seven specially selected process control parameters in the extrusion equipment used to process the fibers. For both crystallographic order and overall orientation, the metering pump speed (MPS) at which the fibers are extruded and the speed (WS) at which the extruded fibers are wound exert significant effects. Moreover, the interaction, WS × MPS, between these two control parameters also significantly influences orientation. For crystallographic order, two further significant parameters are the melt flow index (MFI) of the grade of polypropylene used and the temperature (ST) at which the polymer melt passes through the spinneret. The roles of these two factors in the development of crystallites within the fibers are discussed. No interaction effects, however, appear to be significant for crystallographic order. Models that specify the direction of change of the significant parameters for increasing or reducing both responses are given. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 568–576, 2004
1H‐NMR investigation of the thermooxidation degradation of poly(oxymethylene) copolymers
Authors: Pan Guangqin , Li Huilin , Cao Ya 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe thermooxidative degradation of poly(oxymethylene) copolymer (CPOM‐Y) powder was studied in air in 150°C. The effect of the sequence distribution of degraded poly(oxymethylene) (POM) samples on the thermal decomposition behavior was investigated with 1H‐NMR and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The results showed that the degradation process of CPOM‐Y could be divided into three stages with a gradually increasing degradation rate. The change in the sequence molar fractions agreed with the fact that the ethylene oxide (EO) units had higher thermal stability, and the degradation of POM was due to the decomposition of formal units. At the beginning, CPOM‐Y tended to split off formaldehyde, starting at the chain ends, some of which were not ended by EO units. In stage 2, the thermooxidation of POM occurred in the amorphous phase. In stage 3, no obvious rules for the changes in the sequence contents were obtained from NMR results, and this indicated further random chain scission and unzipping occurring heavily in the crystalline bulk. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 577–583, 2004
Extremely low frequency magnetic field effects on premorbid behaviors produced by cocaine in the mouse
Authors: Kim Jungdae , Baik Ku Youn , Lee Byung‐Cheon , Kang Seog‐Youn , Shin Sang‐Hoon , Soh Kwang‐Sup 
Published: April 2004

AbstractWe investigated the premorbid behavioral changes produced by the administration of cocaine and acute exposure to extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic field (MF) in the mouse. ICR mice received intraperitoneal injections of cocaine at two doses (65 and 70 mg/kg) and were subsequently exposed to one of eight ELF‐MF fields (2, 3, 4, 8, 10, 15, 25, or 60 Hz) of about 20 G (2 mT) intensity immediately after injection. Twelve mice were used for each of applied cocaine dose and ELF‐MF level. For a given dose of cocaine, the applied MF frequencies were randomly ordered, and blind tests were carried out in which the behavior observer did not know the frequencies of MF. The premorbid behaviors were defined in the ICR mice and their changes were observed over the exposure of various ELF‐MFs. Our data show that the onset times of stop rearing and tonic‐clonic seizure in the 4 Hz MF exposure group are significantly different from those of the sham group. Bioelectromagnetics 25:245–250, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An analytical model for the calculation of the change in transmembrane potential produced by an ultrawideband electromagnetic pulse
Authors: Hart Francis X. , Easterly Clay E. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe electric field pulse shape and change in transmembrane potential produced at various points within a sphere by an intense, ultrawideband pulse are calculated in a four stage, analytical procedure. Spheres of two sizes are used to represent the head of a human and the head of a rat. In the first stage, the pulse is decomposed into its Fourier components. In the second stage, Mie scattering analysis (MSA) is performed for a particular point in the sphere on each of the Fourier components, and the resulting electric field pulse shape is obtained for that point. In the third stage, the long wavelength approximation (LWA) is used to obtain the change in transmembrane potential in a cell at that point. In the final stage, an energy analysis is performed. These calculations are performed at 45 points within each sphere. Large electric fields and transmembrane potential changes on the order of a millivolt are produced within the brain, but on a time scale on the order of nanoseconds. The pulse shape within the brain differs considerably from that of the incident pulse. Comparison of the results for spheres of different sizes indicates that scaling of such pulses across species is complicated. Bioelectromagnetics 25:251–259, 2004. Published 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Metallic electrodes and leads in simultaneous EEG‐MRI: Specific absorption rate (SAR) simulation studies
Authors: Angelone Leonardo M. , Potthast Andreas , Segonne Florent , Iwaki Sunao , Belliveau John W. , Bonmassar Giorgio 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in specific absorption rate (SAR) in human‐head tissues while using nonmagnetic metallic electroencephalography (EEG) electrodes and leads during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A realistic, high resolution (1 mm3) head model from individual MRI data was adopted to describe accurately thin tissues, such as bone marrow and skin. The RF power dissipated in the human head was evaluated using the FDTD algorithm. Both surface and bird cage coils were used. The following numbers of EEG electrodes/leads were considered: 16, 31, 62, and 124. Simulations were performed at 128 and 300 MHz. The difference in SAR between the electrodes/leads and no‐electrodes conditions was greater with the bird cage coil than with the surface coil. The peak 1 g averaged SAR values were highest at 124 electrodes, increasing to as much as two orders of magnitude (×172.3) at 300 MHz compared to the original value. At 300 MHz, there was a fourfold (×3.6) increase of SAR averaged over the bone marrow, and a sevenfold (×7.4) increase in the skin. At 128 MHz, there was a fivefold (×5.6) increase of whole head SAR. Head models were obtained from two different subjects, with an inter‐subject whole head SAR variability of 3%. Bioelectromagnetics 25:285–295, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Experimental evidence of a potentially increased thrombo‐embolic disease risk by domestic electromagnetic field exposure
Authors: Caprani A. , Richert A. , Flaud P. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractWe have used the EaHy926 endothelial cell line, able to secrete both pro and anti‐aggregant platelet agents, as a model for thrombo‐embolic diseases. We experimentally established, by comparing these two secretions with or without a Faraday cage, that the environmental electromagnetic field significantly increases the thrombo‐embolic risks in this endothelial cell line. Bioelectromagnetics 25:313–315, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.