bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CLASSICA: Validating artificial intelligence in classifying cancer in real time during surgery
Authors: Moynihan A. , Hardy N. , Dalli J. , Aigner F. , Arezzo A. , Hompes R. , Knol J. , Tuynman J. , Cucek J. , Rojc J. , Rodríguez‐Luna M. R. , Cahill R. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAimTreatment pathways for significant rectal polyps differ depending on the underlying pathology, but pre‐excision profiling is imperfect. It has been demonstrated that differences in fluorescence perfusion signals following injection of indocyanine green (ICG) can be analysed mathematically and, with the assistance of artificial intelligence (AI), used to classify tumours endoscopically as benign or malignant. This study aims to validate this method of characterization across multiple clinical sites regarding its generalizability, usability and accuracy while developing clinical‐grade software to enable it to become a useful method.MethodsThe CLASSICA study is a prospective, unblinded multicentre European observational study aimed to validate the use of AI analysis of ICG fluorescence for intra‐operative tissue characterization. Six hundred patients undergoing transanal endoscopic evaluation of significant rectal polyps and tumours will be enrolled in at least five clinical sites across the European Union over a 4‐year period. Video recordings will be analysed regarding dynamic fluorescence patterns centrally as software is developed to enable analysis with automatic classification to happen locally. AI‐based classification and subsequently guided intervention will be compared with the current standard of care including biopsies, final specimen pathology and patient outcomes.DiscussionCLASSICA will validate the use of AI in the analysis of ICG fluorescence for the purposes of classifying significant rectal polyps and tumours endoscopically. Follow‐on studies will compare AI‐guided targeted biopsy or, indeed, AI characterization alone with traditional biopsy and AI‐guided local excision versus traditional excision with regard to marginal clearance and recurrence.
Gender differences in graduate student views on the professional climate in economics
Authors: May Ann Mari , McGarvey Mary G. , Toshmatova Muazzam 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis research examines graduate student's views on the professional climate in economics using a comprehensive survey of students enrolled in economics Ph.D. programs in the United States. Topics discussed include stress and work/life balance, disciplinary climate in the profession, departmental climate, and the prevalence of sexual harassment. We find significant gender differences in views on all four topics—particularly in views on departmental climate and disciplinary climate in the profession. We analyze the results based on gender, rank of the institution, public versus private institutional status, and representation of women faculty in departments.
Cache‐aided UAV‐assisted relaying networks: Performance analysis and system optimization
Authors: Wang Zhe , Yang Chun , Xie Binyu 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe utilization of distributed multi‐agent unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for computing tasks in remote areas has gained significant traction in recent years due to their adaptability and capability to access hard‐to‐reach regions that are inaccessible to ground‐based methods. However, establishing wireless communication between UAVs and ground‐based data sources in remote areas presents considerable challenges, particularly when UAVs are in motion. To tackle this challenge, this article investigates a cache‐aided relaying system in the presence of UAVs, wherein a ground‐based decode‐and‐forward relay equipped with cache space is deployed to facilitate wireless communication between UAVs and a central data source. Within the scope of this system, we first analyze the probability of transmission outage, providing an analytical expression for performance evaluation. We commence with the case of a single stationary UAV, subsequently expanding to multiple stationary UAVs, and ultimately incorporating multiple dynamic UAVs. Subsequently, we enhance the system performance by minimizing the outage probability through efficient power resource allocation among users. By means of mathematical modeling and simulations, this research examines the influence of various factors, including the cache size at the relay and the working mode of the UAV, on the system performance. Finally, simulations are conducted to validate the proposed analysis.
Changes in seed abundance driven by overgrazing and rainfall variability trigger variations in the diet of a small harvester ant
Authors: Vullo Lucía , Lopez de Casenave Javier , Miretti María Florencia , Cao Ana Laura , Marone Luis , Pol Rodrigo G. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Some species are severely affected by global change, whereas others can survive or even thrive under the same circumstances. Species with more flexible behaviours can better cope with changes in the environment than those with more stereotyped behaviours; therefore, knowing the limits of behavioural flexibility is critical to predict their responses to global change.
Livestock grazing is the most widespread land use in deserts and a major driver of vegetation change. In turn, unpredictable and sporadic rainfall can increase the negative impact of grazing. The interaction of both factors is more relevant nowadays as a consequence of climate change.
In the central Monte desert, cattle grazing and inter‐annual variations in rainfall reduce the abundance of seeds preferentially consumed by granivorous animals. There we analysed the dietary flexibility of the specialist harvester ant Pheidole spininodis in response to inter‐annual variations in seed availability during four consecutive years at sites with contrasting grazing pressure.
Pheidole spininodis expanded its diet by including other items and decreasing seed consumption as seed availability decreased over the years, but this response did not differ between grazing conditions, probably because the drastic reduction in seed abundance at the regional scale blurred the contrast between grazed and ungrazed sites.
Our results highlight the potential dietary flexibility of a specialist species that, under adverse conditions, can modify its diet. Future studies should investigate whether these changes in the diet of P. spininodis in contexts of low resource availability may have negative effects on its survival, as previously reported for other granivorous species.
Aesthetics for a polite society: Language and the marketing of second‐hand goods in eighteenth‐century London
Authors: Blondé Bruno , de Mulder Alessandra , Stobart Jon 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe late early modern period witnessed critical consumer transitions across Europe. Yet, while the explosion of the material world and the transition from an ‘old luxury’ material culture to a ‘new luxury’ model is well documented, our understanding of the underlying value systems of consumer goods is still under‐developed. Building on a database of eighteenth‐century advertisements for household auctions in the London‐based Daily Advertiser, this article maps the value systems that characterized elite secondary markets in London. We find the language of consumption growing in complexity and sophistication as the eighteenth century progressed, but historiographically, key concepts such as fashion and modernity played minor and sometimes unexpected roles. While silverware is traditionally perceived as a store of wealth and marker of status, and hence a textbook ‘old luxury’, in the auction advertisements it is often praised for its design value. Chinaware, often attributed a central role in forging an affordable yet fashion‐sensitive ‘new luxury model’, is paradoxically valued for its age and patina. In fact, the boundaries between ‘new’ and ‘old’ luxuries were never clear‐cut. The intrinsic value of material culture continued to matter, and the language of consumption continued to reproduce social inequalities, much as it did in previous centuries.
Predominant right temporal lobe atrophy: Clinical, neuropsychological and structural differences based on amyloid status
Authors: Di Napoli Jacopo , Arighi Andrea , Conte Giorgio , Carandini Tiziana , Sacchi Luca , Arcaro Marina , Fenoglio Chiara , Sorrentino Federica , Mercurio Matteo , Pietroboni Anna M. , Giardinieri Giulia , Triulzi Fabio , Galimberti Daniela , Scarpini Elio , Fumagalli Giorgio G. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundPredominant right temporal atrophy is a radiological sign usually associated with frontotemporal dementia but this sign can also be present in Alzheimer's disease. Given the overlap of clinical symptoms between the two conditions, it is important to know which characteristics allow them to be differentiated.ObjectivesTo compare clinical, neuropsychological and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data of subjects with prominent right anterior temporal atrophy, depending on the status of amyloid biomarkers.MethodsAmong patients followed in the dementia center of Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, subjects with right anterior temporal atrophy, defined as grade 3 or 4 on the corresponding visual rating scale, were identified. Only subjects with both an MRI scan and amyloid status available were considered. For selected subjects, data were extracted from clinical and neuropsychological records at initial presentation and at last available follow‐up. Two raters applied a protocol of eight visual rating scales to compare brain atrophy and white matter hyperintensities.ResultsOf 497 subjects, 17 fulfilled the inclusion criteria: 7 amyloid‐positive and 10 amyloid‐negative. At initial presentation, executive dysfunction and topographical disorientation were more common in amyloid‐positive patients. At follow‐up, behavioral symptoms, such as social awkwardness and compulsive attitude, were more frequent in the amyloid‐negative patients. Amyloid‐positive patients presented an overall worse neuropsychological performance, especially in the language and visuospatial domain, and had higher scores on the right anterior cingulate visual rating scale.ConclusionPatients with predominant right temporal atrophy showed clinical, neuropsychological and radiological differences, depending on the status of amyloid biomarkers.
Establishing the link between motivational disturbances and behavioural rigidity in frontotemporal dementia
Authors: Horne Kristina , Ahmed Rebekah M. , Piguet Olivier , Irish Muireann 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundRigid and inflexible behaviours are common in frontotemporal dementia (FTD), manifesting in compulsive pursuit of specific interests, routines, and rituals. Paradoxically, these changes occur alongside profound motivational disturbances including apathy and anhedonia. While posited to be related, no study to date has explored the link between motivational changes and behavioural rigidity in FTD.MethodsCarer ratings for 71 FTD participants (26 semantic dementia [SD], 45 behavioural variant [bvFTD]) were obtained on the Dimensional Apathy Scale (apathy), the Snaith‐Hamilton Pleasure Scale (hedonic tone) and the Cambridge Behavioural Inventory–Revised (CBI‐R; behavioural changes). A rigidity index was created from existing items on the CBI‐R. Whole‐brain voxel‐based morphometry was used to explore associations between rigidity and grey matter intensity in the combined FTD group.ResultsBehavioural rigidity was significantly related to apathy severity (r = 0.57) and decreased hedonic tone (r = −0.36) in the combined FTD group. Multiple linear regression revealed a significant diagnosis × hedonic tone interaction (β = −1.40), whereby lower hedonic tone predicted rigidity in SD (r = −0.65) but not in bvFTD (r = −0.18). In contrast, the relationship between rigidity and apathy did not differ between the groups (β = −0.42). At the neural level, rigidity correlated with degeneration of predominantly right‐sided frontostriatal structures including, notably, the nucleus accumbens.ConclusionsAs the first study to demonstrate a link between motivational changes and behavioural rigidity in FTD, our findings have important clinical implications. By identifying candidate mechanisms of behavioural rigidity, our findings can inform targeted interventions to manage inflexible patterns of thought and behaviour in daily life.
Weighted distance classification method based on data intelligence
Authors: Koren Michal , Koren Oded , Peretz Or 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn today's world, data is essential for enhancing an organization's development and decision‐making processes. Implementing artificial intelligence is necessary to analyse data and make meaningful recommendations. Machine learning distance classification methods are used to classify observations in various algorithms, such as K‐nearest neighbours (KNN), learning vector quantization and support vector machines, and are commonly used in academia and industry. However, this procedure faces a significant challenge in finding optimal parameters (i.e., distance metrics and the desired number of neighbours) in multidimensional datasets. This study presents a novel variation of a general method for classifying new observations. The method defines a new measure called closeness, which represents the proximity between an observation and the distribution. The advantages of this method are the use of both parametric and non‐parametric distance metrics and the ability to classify observations in cases where the simple method does not provide a clear answer. This method was demonstrated using KNN over three datasets and was observed to succeed in providing correct classifications, while the simple KNN method did not. The results showed that the proposed method increased the accuracy score to 40.7% in two of the three cases and that the closeness values were well defined by the proximity between the new observation and the given distribution. In addition, the F1 score increased up to 47.97%. The innovative method introduced here may be examined and used in various distance classification algorithms.
Fractal based automatic detection of complexity in COVID‐19 X‐ray images
Authors: Thangaraj C. , Easwaramoorthy D. , Muhiuddin G. , Selmi Bilel , Kulish Vladimir 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe coronavirus was discovered in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. Scientists and medical practitioners have warned that this fatal virus could spread quickly from person to person in its early stages and its impact will be far more vigorous than the previously discovered viruses. The World Health Organization has given warning propaganda to all nations about this harmful virus. However, the diffusion speed of COVID‐19 was so rapid that it spread to all countries much faster than the researchers predicted, causing the widespread human disaster. The genetic variations of COVID‐19 have also astounded researchers today, as it modifies its mutation with very large genetic strains. The virus is regarded as a human version of the disease, resulting in the common cold, dry cough, and respiratory problems in severe cases. According to health organisations, the coronavirus directly affects the lungs, causing main problems such as difficulty breathing. It is also tough for physicians to diagnose the disease level properly by using the regular process. Even though the virus can be detected in regular testing methods, even computed tomography (CT) and X‐ray images are widely used in the medical field to identify the respiratory problems caused by the COVID‐19 virus. Like COVID‐19, some other types of pneumonia respiratory diseases also affect the human lungs. The fractal dimension (FD) is an interesting non‐linear measure to describe the complexity of visual images. In this context, the complexity of X‐ray images is analysed by using the fractal dimension. The fractal dimension is an excellent non‐linear measurement for describing the complexity of realistic images. The difference between the complexity of the X‐ray images of COVID‐19‐infected patients and the X‐ray images of other types of pneumonia respiratory diseases is well explained by using the fractal dimension. It is also concluded that the fractal dimension discriminates the lung diseases due to COVID‐19 from various pneumonia respiratory diseases.
Relationship between blood pressure and cognitive impairment in elderly outpatients with cardiometabolic diseases
Authors: Ishikawa Joji , Toba Ayumi , Tamura Yoshiaki , Araki Atsushi , Harada Kazumasa 
Published: November 2023

AimThe aim of this study was to clarify the relationship between high or low blood pressure (BP) and cognitive function in elderly outpatients with cardiometabolic diseases.MethodsWe evaluated the association between BP and the Dementia Assessment Sheet for Community‐based Integrated Care System‐21 items (DASC‐21), Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), and Montreal Cognitive Assessment Tool (MoCA) (N = 677).ResultsThe patients' mean age was 79.2 ± 6.3 years (male 35.3%), and BP was 132.1 ± 18.1/73.5 ± 12.2 mmHg. Systolic BP (SBP) was linearly related to the DASC‐21 score (r = −0.122, P = 0.004), but not to the MMSE score (P = 0.101) or MoCA score (P = 0.802). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that lower SBP was significantly related to the DASC‐21 score, even after controlling for confounding factors (B = −0.411 per 10 mmHg; 95% confidence interval [CI], −0.673 to −0.149; P = 0.002). Moreover, logistic regression analysis showed that lower SBP was associated with DASC‐21 ≥ 31 (odds ratio = 0.838 per 10 mmHg, P = 0.048). An MMSE score ≤23 was significantly associated with higher SBP in patients without a history of hypertension but with lower SBP in those with hypertension, those on hypertensive medication, and those with dyslipidemia.ConclusionHigher BP was associated with a higher prevalence of probable dementia in those without a history of hypertension, even in late life. In those with hypertension and those taking antihypertensives with comorbidities of stroke or heart failure, lower BP was associated with probable dementia, which was largely dependent on reduced activities of daily living, as measured by the DASC‐21 score. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 110–117.
Imperative practices: The political inclusion of diasporas in Poland, Hungary and Lithuania
Authors: Popyk Anzhela , Lesińska Magdalena 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis paper aims to present an in‐depth comparative analysis of how three states in Central and Eastern Europe—Hungary, Poland and Lithuania—ensure the political inclusion of their diaspora members by providing citizenship and electoral rights. The authors promote a broad understanding of diaspora that includes both emigrants and descendants as well as kin minorities. The analysis is based on a three‐dimensional analytical model (Lesińska & Popyk, CMR Spotlight 2, 2021) of diaspora policy. The paper examines the ‘thickness’ of political inclusion based on the relationship between citizenship and electoral rights at two stages: de jure and de facto. It reveals that the democratic rights of citizenship and voting are grounded not only in formal inclusion but, more importantly, in the accurate procedures involving those rights and access to them. The analysis demonstrates that extensive citizenship and voting rights are not necessarily associated with the factual political inclusion of all diaspora groups equally.
A two‐layer approach for solving robust decentralized multiproject scheduling problem with multi‐skilled staff
Authors: You Weibao , Xu Zhe , Yu Yining , Zhao Song 
Published: November 2023

AbstractUncertain activity durations and multi‐skilled staff allocation are two practical factors that are difficult to cope with in real project management. This paper studies a new decentralized resource‐constrained multiproject scheduling problem with uncertain activity durations and multi‐skilled staff allocation. The robust project scheduling is employed to tackle uncertainty. We name it the robust decentralized resource‐constrained multiproject scheduling problem with multi‐skilled staff (RDMPSP‐MS). To formulate this problem, a two‐layer model containing local scheduling and global coordination decision‐making is established based on the multiagent system. To solve this model, a two‐layer approach (TLA) is developed. In the TLA, a starting time criticality heuristic method is adopted to handle the local scheduling problem, and a global resource allocation heuristic algorithm is designed to allocate multi‐skilled staff. The computational experiments are conducted on the adapted Multi‐Project Scheduling Problem LIBrary (MPSPLIB) data set. The results show that the proposed TLA outperforms seven heuristic algorithms based on priority rules regarding solution quality and efficiency on most problem subsets. It is further verified that the robustness of the baseline schedule deteriorates with the increase in problem size and activity duration variability level. Additionally, the results of this research provide practical guidance for managers who expect to determine reasonable project deadlines in a decentralized multiproject environment.
Effects of hybrid closed‐loop system on glycemic control and psychological aspects in persons with type 1 diabetes treated with sensor‐augmented pump: A prospective single‐center observational study
Authors: Akiyama Tomoaki , Yamakawa Tadashi , Orime Kazuki , Ichikawa Masahiro , Harada Marina , Netsu Takumi , Akamatsu Ryoichi , Nakamura Keita , Shinoda Satoru , Terauchi Yasuo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAims/IntroductionThis study evaluated the effects of the Medtronic MiniMed 770G hybrid closed‐loop system on glycemic control and psychological aspects in persons with type 1 diabetes mellitus.Materials and MethodsThis 3‐month prospective observational study included 22 participants with type 1 diabetes mellitus who used the Medtronic MiniMed 640G predictive low‐glucose suspend system and were switched to the 770G system. Time in the range of 70–180 mg/dL and glycated hemoglobin levels were evaluated; satisfaction, emotional distress and quality of life were assessed using self‐reported questionnaires, including the Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire Status, Problem Area in Diabetes and Diabetes Therapy‐Related Quality of Life.ResultsTime in the range of 70–180 mg/dL increased (63.5 ± 13.4 to 73.0 ± 10.9% [mean ± standard deviation], P = 0.0010), and time above the range of 181–250 mg/dL decreased (26.9 ± 8.9 to 19.6 ± 7.1%, P < 0.0005). Glycated hemoglobin levels decreased (7.7 ± 1.0 to 7.2 ± 0.8%, P = 0.0021). The percentage of participants with time below the range of 54–69 mg/dL <4% of readings increased from 91% to 100% (P < 0.0005). No significant changes were detected in the satisfaction, emotional distress and quality of life levels, but increased sensor calibration might be related to worsened emotional distress and quality of life.ConclusionsThe hybrid closed‐loop system decreased hyperglycemia and minimized hypoglycemia, but did not improve psychological aspects compared with the predictive low‐glucose suspend system, probably because sensor calibration was increased.