bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cognitive symptoms progress with limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy stage and co-occurrence with Alzheimer disease
Authors: Hiya Satomi , Maldonado-Díaz Carolina , Walker Jamie M , Richardson Timothy E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy neuropathologic change (LATE-NC) is a neuropathologic entity characterized by transactive response DNA-binding protein of 43-kDa (TDP-43)-immunoreactive inclusions that originate in the amygdala and then progress to the hippocampi and middle frontal gyrus. LATE-NC may mimic Alzheimer disease clinically and often co-occurs with Alzheimer disease neuropathologic change (ADNC). This report focuses on the cognitive effects of isolated and concomitant LATE-NC and ADNC. Cognitive/neuropsychological, neuropathologic, genetic, and demographic variables were analyzed in 28 control, 31 isolated LATE-NC, 244 isolated ADNC, and 172 concurrent LATE-NC/ADNC subjects from the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center. Cases with LATE-NC and ADNC were significantly older than controls; cases with ADNC had a significantly higher proportion of cases with at least one APOE ε4 allele. Both LATE-NC and ADNC exhibited deleterious effects on overall cognition proportional to their neuropathological stages; concurrent LATE-NC/ADNC exhibited the worst overall cognitive effect. Multivariate logistic regression analysis determined an independent risk of cognitive impairment for progressive LATE-NC stages (OR 1.66; p = 0.0256) and ADNC levels (OR 3.41; p &lt; 0.0001). These data add to the existing knowledge on the clinical consequences of LATE-NC pathology and the growing literature on the effects of multiple concurrent neurodegenerative pathologies.
Divergences in stem and leaf traits between lianas and coexisting trees in a subtropical montane forest
Authors: Bai Xiao-Long , Yang Da , Sher Jan , Zhang Yun-Bing , Zhang Ke-Yan , Liu Qi , Wen Han-Dong , Zhang Jiao-Lin , Slot Martijn 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPatterns in functional trait variation associated with the ecological strategies of lianas and trees in subtropical montane forests remain poorly understood due to lack of trait comparisons. Here, we filled this gap by investigating trait divergence between lianas and trees with different leaf habits for 13 traits of 33 species (7 deciduous and 4 evergreen liana species, and 10 deciduous and 12 evergreen tree species) in a subtropical montane forest in southwestern China. We found that lianas had significantly larger stem xylem vessel diameter, higher theoretical hydraulic conductivity, specific leaf area, leaf nitrogen, and phosphorus concentrations, but lower leaf dry-matter content and N/P ratio than sympatric trees, indicating that lianas employ an acquisitive ecological strategy, with a more efficient stem hydraulic system and more productive leaves. In contrast to trees, lianas exhibited a larger variation in vessel diameter, with a few wide and many narrow vessels in the xylem, indicating a greater vessel dimorphism. Growth form explained 48.7% of the total trait variation, while leaf habit only explained 3.8% of trait variation, without significant interaction between growth form and leaf habit. In addition, significant stem–leaf trait relationships were only found in trees, but not in lianas, indicating decoupling of stem hydraulic function and leaf traits in subtropical lianas. These results suggest that subtropical montane lianas and trees differ strikingly in stem and leaf functional traits. Further studies are warranted to strengthen our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the strong divergence in ecological strategies between lianas and trees in subtropical forest ecosystems.
Evaluation of Asymptomatic Bordetella Carriage in a Convenience Sample of Children and Adolescents in Atlanta, Georgia, United States
Authors: Acosta Anna M , Simon Ashley , Thomas Stepy , Tunali Amy , Satola Sarah , Jain Shabnam , Farley Monica M , Tondella M Lucia , Skoff Tami H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Few data exist on asymptomatic carriage of Bordetella species among populations receiving acellular pertussis vaccine. We conducted a cross-sectional study among acellular-vaccinated children presenting to an emergency department (ED). Bordetella pertussis carriage prevalence was &lt;1% in this population, a lower prevalence than that found in recent studies among whole-cell pertussis-vaccinated participants.
Lipids and Proteins Differentiation in Membrane Fouling Using Heavy Metal Staining and Electron Microscopy at Cryogenic Temperatures
Authors: Roberge Hélène , Moreau Philippe , Couallier Estelle , Abellan Patricia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The detailed characterization of fouling in membranes is essential to understand any observed improvement or reduction on filtration performance. Electron microscopy allows detailed structural characterization, and its combination with labeling techniques, using electron-dense probes, typically allows for the differentiation of biomolecules. Developing specific protocols that allow for differentiation of biomolecules in membrane fouling by electron microscopy is a major challenge due to both as follows: the necessity to preserve the native state of fouled membranes upon real filtration conditions as well as the inability of the electron-dense probes to penetrate the membranes once they have been fouled. In this study, we present the development of a heavy metal staining technique for identification and differentiation of biomolecules in membrane fouling, which is compatible with cryofixation methods. A general contrast enhancement of biomolecules and fouling is achieved. Our observations indicate a strong interaction between biomolecules: A tendency of proteins, both in solution as well as in the fouling, to surround the lipids is observed. Using transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy at cryogenic conditions, cryo-SEM, in combination with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, the spatial distribution of proteins and lipids within fouling is shown and the role of proteins in fouling discussed.
Automated Grain Boundary Detection for Bright-Field Transmission Electron Microscopy Images via U-Net
Authors: Patrick Matthew J , Eckstein James K , Lopez Javier R , Toderas Silvia , Asher Sarah A , Whang Sylvia I , Levine Stacey , Rickman Jeffrey M , Barmak Katayun 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Quantification of microstructures is crucial for understanding processing–structure and structure–property relationships in polycrystalline materials. Delineating grain boundaries in bright-field transmission electron micrographs, however, is challenging due to complex diffraction contrast in images. Conventional edge detection algorithms are inadequate; instead, manual tracing is usually required. This study demonstrates the first successful machine learning approach for grain boundary detection in bright-field transmission electron micrographs. The proposed methodology uses a U-Net convolutional neural network trained on carefully constructed data from bright-field images and hand tracings available from prior studies, combined with targeted postprocessing algorithms to preserve fine features of interest. The image processing pipeline accurately estimates grain boundary positions, avoiding segmentation in regions with intragrain contrast and identifying low-contrast boundaries. Our approach is validated by directly comparing microstructural markers (i.e., grain centroids) identified in U-Net predictions with those identified in hand tracings; furthermore, the grain size distributions obtained from the two techniques show notable overlap when compared using t-test, Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, and Cramér–von Mises test. The technique is then successfully applied to interpret new microstructures having different image characteristics from the training data, with preliminary results from platinum and palladium microstructures presented, highlighting the versatility of our approach for grain boundary identification in bright-field micrographs.
SARS-CoV-2 Causes Brain Damage: Therapeutic Intervention with AZD8797
Authors: Kervancioglu Demirci Elif , Onen Engin Alp , Sevic Yilmaz Erva , Karagoz Koroglu Ayca , Akakin Dilek 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Elevated CX3CL1 is associated with severe COVID-19 and neurologic symptoms. We aimed to investigate the potential protective effects of selective CX3CR1 antagonist AZD8797 on SARS-CoV-2-induced neuronal damage, and to identify the underlying mechanisms. K18-hACE2 transgenic mice (n = 37) were randomly divided into control groups and SARS-CoV-2 groups, with and without intraperitoneal administration of vehicle or AZD8797 (2.5 mg/mL/day), following exposure to either a single dose of SARS-CoV-2 inhalation or no exposure. Object recognition and hole board tests were performed to assess memory function. Postinfection 8 days, brain tissues were analyzed for histopathological changes, viral, glial, apoptotic, and other immunohistochemical markers, along with measuring malondialdehyde, glutathione, and myeloperoxidase activities. Serum samples were analyzed for proinflammatory cytokines. The SARS-CoV-2 group showed significant weight loss, neuronal damage, oxidative stress, and impaired object recognition memory, while AZD8797 treatment mitigated some of these effects, especially in weight, apoptosis, glutathione, and MCP-1. Histopathological analyses supported the protective effects of AZD8797 against SARS-CoV-2-induced damage. The CX3CL1-CX3CR1 signaling pathway could offer a promising target for reducing SARS-CoV-2's neurological impact, but additional research is needed to confirm these findings in combination with other therapies and assess the clinical significance.
Initial-final mass relation from white dwarfs within 40 pc
Authors: Cunningham Tim , Tremblay Pier-Emmanuel , W. O’Brien Mairi 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
We present an initial-final mass relation derived from the spectroscopically complete volume-limited 40 pc sample of white dwarfs. The relation is modelled using population synthesis methods to derive an initial stellar population which can be fit to the observed mass distribution of white dwarfs. The population synthesis accounts for binary evolution, where higher mass white dwarfs are more likely to be merger products than their lower mass counterparts. Uncertainties are accounted from the initial mass function, stellar metallicity, and age of the Galactic disc. We also consider biases induced by the spectral type of the white dwarf where pure-hydrogen atmosphere white dwarfs are likely to have more accurate masses, whilst the full white dwarf sample will have fewer biases arising from spectral evolution. We provide a four-piece segmented linear regression using Monte Carlo methods to sample the 1-σ range of uncertainty on the initial stellar population. The derived initial-final mass relation provides a self-consistent determination of the progenitor mass for white dwarfs in the Solar neighbourhood which will be useful to study the local stellar formation history.
Photometric prioritization of neutron star merger candidates
Authors: Ofek Eran O , Strotjohann Nora L , Arcavi Iair , Gal-Yam Avishay , Kushnir Doron , Waxman Eli , Kasliwal Mansi M , Drake Andrew , Graham Matthew , Purdum Josiah , Rusholme Ben , Sharma Yashvi , Smith Roger , Wold Avery , Healy Brian F 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
Rapid identification of the optical counterparts of neutron star (NS) merger events discovered by gravitational wave detectors may require observing a large error region and sifting through a large number of transients to identify the object of interest. Given the expense of spectroscopic observations, a question arises: How can we utilize photometric observations for candidate prioritization, and what kinds of photometric observations are needed to achieve this goal? NS merger kilonova exhibits low ejecta mass (∼5 × 10−2 M⊙) and a rapidly evolving photospheric radius (with a velocity ∼0.2c). As a consequence, these sources display rapid optical-flux evolution. Indeed, selection based on fast flux variations is commonly used for young supernovae and NS mergers. In this study, we leverage the best currently available flux-limited transient survey – the Zwicky Transient Facility Bright Transient Survey – to extend and quantify this approach. We focus on selecting transients detected in a 3-day cadence survey and observed at a one-day cadence. We explore their distribution in the phase space defined by g–r, $\dot{g}$, and $\dot{r}$. Our analysis demonstrates that for a significant portion of the time during the first week, the kilonova AT 2017gfo stands out in this phase space. It is important to note that this investigation is subject to various biases and challenges; nevertheless, it suggests that certain photometric observations can be leveraged to identify transients with the highest probability of being fast-evolving events. We also find that a large fraction (≈75 per cent) of the transient candidates with $\vert\dot{g}\vert&gt;0.7$ mag d−1, are cataclysmic variables or active galactic nuclei with radio counterparts.
Are the fates of supermassive black holes and galaxies determined by individual mergers, or by the properties of their host haloes?
Authors: Davies Jonathan J , Pontzen Andrew , Crain Robert A 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
The fates of massive galaxies are tied to the evolution of their central supermassive black holes (BHs), due to the influence of AGN feedback. Correlations within simulated galaxy populations suggest that the masses of BHs are governed by properties of their host dark matter haloes, such as the binding energy and assembly time, at a given halo mass. However, the full picture must be more complex, as galaxy mergers have also been shown to influence the growth of BHs and the impact of AGN. In this study, we investigate this problem through a controlled experiment, using the genetic modification technique to adjust the assembly history of a Milky Way-like galaxy simulated with the EAGLE model. We change the halo assembly time (and hence the binding energy) in the absence of any disruptive merger events, and find little change in the integrated growth of the BH. We attribute this to the angular momentum support provided by a galaxy disc, which reduces the inflow of gas towards the BH and effectively decouples the BH’s growth from the halo’s properties. Introducing major mergers into the assembly history disrupts the disc, causing the BH to grow ≈4 × more massive and inject feedback that reduces the halo baryon fraction by a factor of ≈2 and quenches star formation. Merger events appear essential to the diversity in BH masses in EAGLE, and we also show that they increase the halo binding energy; correlations between these quantities may therefore be the result of merger events.
Radioactive decay of specific heavy elements as an energy source for late-time kilonovae and potential James Webb Space Telescope observations
Authors: Chen Meng-Hua , Liang En-Wei 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
Revealing the temporal evolution of individual heavy elements synthesized in the merger ejecta from binary neutron star mergers not only improves our understanding of the origin of heavy elements beyond iron but also clarifies the energy sources of kilonovae. In this work, we present a comprehensive analysis of the temporal evolution of the energy fraction of each nuclide based on r-process nucleosynthesis simulations. The heavy elements dominating the kilonova emission within ∼100 days are identified, including 127Sb, 128Sb, 129Sb, 130Sb, 129Te, 132I, 222Rn, 223Ra, 224Ra, and 225Ac. It is found that the late-time kilonova light curve (t ≳ 20 days) is highly sensitive to the presence of the heavy element 225Ac (with a half-life of 10.0 days). Our analysis shows that the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), with its high sensitivity in the near-infrared band, is a powerful instrument for the identification of these specific heavy elements.
Disc precession in Be/X-ray binaries drives superorbital variations of outbursts and colour
Authors: Martin Rebecca G , Charles Philip A 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
Superorbital periods that are observed in the brightness of Be/X-ray binaries may be driven by a misaligned and precessing Be star disc. We examine how the precessing disc model explains the superorbital variation of (i) the magnitude of the observed X-ray outbursts and (ii) the observed colour. With hydrodynamical simulations, we show that the magnitude of the average accretion rate on to the neutron star, and therefore the X-ray outbursts, can vary by over an order of magnitude over the superorbital period for Be star spin–orbit misalignments ≳70° as a result of weak tidal truncation. Most Be/X-ray binaries are redder at optical maximum when the disc is viewed closest to face-on since the disc adds a large red component to the emission. However, A0538-66 is redder at optical minimum. This opposite behaviour requires an edge-on disc at optical minimum and a radially narrow disc such that it does not add a large red signature when viewed face-on. For A0538-66, the misalignment of the disc to the binary orbit must be about 70–80° and the inclination of the binary orbit to the line of sight must be similarly high, although restricted to &lt;75° by the absence of X-ray eclipses.
Structural connectome-based predictive modeling of cognitive deficits in treated glioma patients
Authors: Friedrich Michel , Filss Christian P , Lohmann Philipp , Mottaghy Felix M , Stoffels Gabriele , Weiss Lucas Carolin , Ruge Maximilian I , Shah N Jon , Caspers Svenja , Langen Karl-Josef , Fink Gereon R , Galldiks Norbert , Kocher Martin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
In glioma patients, tumor growth and subsequent treatments are associated with various types of brain lesions. We hypothesized that cognitive functioning in these patients critically depends on the maintained structural connectivity of multiple brain networks.

Methods
The study included 121 glioma patients (median age, 52 years; median Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance score 1; CNS-WHO Grade 3 or 4) after multimodal therapy. Cognitive performance was assessed by 10 tests in 5 cognitive domains at a median of 14 months after treatment initiation. Hybrid amino acid PET/MRI using the tracer O-(2-[18F]fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine, a network-based cortical parcellation, and advanced tractography were used to generate whole-brain fiber count-weighted connectivity matrices. The matrices were applied to a cross-validated machine-learning model to identify predictive fiber connections (edges), critical cortical regions (nodes), and the networks underlying cognitive performance.

Results
Compared to healthy controls (n = 121), patients’ cognitive scores were significantly lower in 9 cognitive tests. The models predicted the scores of 7/10 tests (median correlation coefficient, 0.47; range, 0.39–0.57) from 0.6% to 5.4% of the matrix entries; 84% of the predictive edges were between nodes of different networks. Critically involved cortical regions (≥10 adjacent edges) included predominantly left-sided nodes of the visual, somatomotor, dorsal/ventral attention, and default mode networks. Highly critical nodes (≥15 edges) included the default mode network’s left temporal and bilateral posterior cingulate cortex.

Conclusions
These results suggest that the cognitive performance of pretreated glioma patients is strongly related to structural connectivity between multiple brain networks and depends on the integrity of known network hubs also involved in other neurological disorders.
Malaria and tuberculosis co-infection—a review
Authors: Bijker Else M , Deshpande Sanjay , Salgame Padmini , Song Rinn 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Malaria and tuberculosis remain highly prevalent infectious diseases and continue to cause significant burden worldwide. Endemic regions largely overlap, and co-infections are expected to occur frequently. Surprisingly, malaria-tuberculosis co-infection is relatively understudied. Malaria has long been known to have immunomodulatory effects, for example resulting in reduced vaccination responses against some pathogens, and it is conceivable that this also plays a role if co-infection occurs. Data from animal studies indeed suggest clinically important effects of malaria-tuberculosis co-infection on the immune responses with potential consequences for the pathophysiology and clinical course of both infections. Specifically, rodent studies consistently show reduced control of mycobacteria during malaria infection. Although the underlying immunological mechanisms largely remain unclear, an altered balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory responses may play a role. Some observations in humans also support the hypothesis that malaria infection skews the immune responses against tuberculosis, but data are limited. Further research is needed to unravel the underlying immunological mechanisms and delineate possible implications of malaria-tuberculosis co-infection for clinical practice.
From experimentation to structural change: fostering institutional entrepreneurship for public engagement in research and innovation
Authors: Cohen Joshua B , Loeber Anne M C , Marschalek ilse , Bernstein Michael J , Blok Vincent , Tabarés Raúl , Gianni Robert , Griessler Erich 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Many researchers experiment with participatory settings to increase public engagement in research and innovation (R&I). Because of their temporary nature, it often remains unclear how such participatory experiments can contribute to structural change. This paper empirically explores options for bridging this gap. It analyzes how participants can be supported to act as institutional entrepreneurs to actively promote public engagement in R&I. To draw lessons, we analyze empirical material gathered on nineteen Social Labs which were set up to promote the uptake of Responsible Research and Innovation in a European R&I funding program (Horizon 2020). Involvement of motivated participants, insight in their institutional context, and specific methods and management choices that enhance a sense of agency are identified as essential for organizing change. These findings and the resulting framework of interventions may prove valuable for further (action) research into the institutionalization of public engagement in R&I.