bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corporate sustainable development strategies: Under the collaborative governance of government and the public
Authors: Du Lei , Liu Xing , Sun Helin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAs a problem of multiple failures, effective solutions to environmental problems require overcoming the limitations of single environmental policies and using collaborative governance with multiple regulatory instruments. Based on this, this study examines how collaborative governance between government‐led environmental regulation and public‐participatory environmental regulation can more effectively promote sustainable development strategies for firms. Using data from Chinese listed firms in heavy pollution industries from 2006 to 2019, we constructed a collaborative governance model, and found that (1) government‐led environmental regulation has a significant impact on end‐treatment but no impact on the source treatment of firms; (2) collaborative governance between government‐led and public‐participatory environmental regulation has a significant impact on source treatment but no impact on end‐treatment; (3) mechanism analysis shows that improving long‐term orientation and increasing corporate sustained investments are potential channels of the collaborative governance effect. These findings not only advance our understanding of the policy mix effects of different environmental regulation tools, but also have important policy implications for deepening collaborative governance practices in promoting sustainable development.
Utilization of iron scrap into copperas and rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) peel extract into environmentally friendly iron nanoparticles for hexavalent chromium removal and its kinetics
Authors: Sunardi Sunardi , Sumardiyono Sumardiyono , Mardiyono Mardiyono , Hidayati Nur , Soebiyanto Soebiyanto 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHexavalent chromium is a toxic pollutant that is very harmful to human health and the environment. One of the materials for hexavalent chromium removal is iron nanoparticles (INPs). In recent years, the manufacture of environmentally friendly INPs has been of great interest. In general, INPs are made using sodium tetra borane/NaBH4, which is expensive. The synthesis of INPs using NaBH4 also produces side products in the form of toxic boric acid and hydrogen gas which are explosive and flammable. In this study, INPs are made by using iron scrap waste into copperas which is then reacted with rambutan peel extract (RPE). The reaction between iron scrap and sulfuric acid until crystals are formed and then washed until blue‐green crystals are formed. The resulting crystal is made into a solution and then reacted with RPE. After forming a black solution, it was dried by spray drying. The resulting black powder was characterized by UV‐Vis Spectrophotometer, SEM‐EDX, FTIR, and XRD. The results showed that iron scrap can be synthesized into copperas with a Fe content of 19.84 ± 0.15%. RPE has a total phenol content of 877.39 ± 16.6 ppm/100 g rambutan skin or equivalent to 441.42 mg GAE/100 g rambutan skin. INPs can be made from copperas from iron scrap and RPE which have Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) characteristics at 214 nm absorption, particle size 20–70 nm. Hexavalent chromium removal using INPs was maximum at pH 3, hexavalent chromium concentration of 5 ppm, INPs concentration of 0.15 g/100 mL, and contact time of 10 min. The adsorption isotherm type of hexavalent chromium using iron nanoparticles can take place chemically or physically. The correlation coefficient showed that the model of Freundlich (R2 > 0.99) is more suitable than the model of Langmuir (R2 = 0.98) with an adsorption capacity of 91.74 mg iron nanoparticles/g hexavalent chromium. The use of INPs for hexavalent chromium removal is a promising and effective technology. These results can be an alternative to the production of environmentally friendly INPs by using materials from waste into useful materials for the prevention of environmental pollution.
Selected micronutrients effect on growth, development, and yield of black nightshade (Solanum nigrum)
Authors: Rumani Muneiwa , Badza Taruvinga , Odindo Alfred Oduor , Mudau Fhatuwani Nixwell 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBlack nightshade (Solanum nigrum) is an important indigenous leafy vegetable consumed in sub‐Saharan Africa. The species is an important source of micronutrients for medicinal purposes. A controlled experiment was conducted at the University of KwaZulu‐Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa, to investigate the effect of zinc and boron applications on the growth, development, and yield of black nightshade. Each micronutrient (zinc and boron) was applied at five different concentrations, namely, 100 (T1), 200 (T2), 300 (T3), 400 (T4), and 500 (T5) ppm, including a control (T0) (distilled/high pressure liquid chromatography water spray), giving a total of six treatments. Treatments were arranged in a complete randomized design (CRD) with three replications, giving a total of 18 experimental units (pots). After 14 days of transplanting, the treatments were applied through foliar spraying three times over 24 h with an 8‐h interval between each spraying event. Data collection started 14 days after transplanting, and thereafter, measurements were taken fortnightly. At harvest (70 days after transplanting), fruit number, fresh shoot weight, dry shoot weight, root fresh mass, and root dry mass were determined. The results showed significant growth and yield differences with respect to the different concentrations of zinc and boron (p < 0.05). The application of 500 ppm of boron performed significantly better than all other treatments, viz., zinc, and control across the measured variables (p < 0.05). Therefore, it is concluded that the application of boron at 500 ppm was found to be effective in enhancing plant growth and higher fruit yield (45 fruits) of black nightshade.
Novel field data for exposure of bystanders and residents towards spray drift during application of plant protection products in orchards
Authors: Ahrens Katrin , Röver Markus , Molnar Gabor , Martin Sabine , Peter Enrico , Schäckermann Jan-Niklas , Bense Sandra , Wegener Jens Karl 
Published: November 2023

AbstractExposure to pesticide spray drift during the application of plant protection products (PPP) in orchards poses potential health risks to bystanders and residents. To address this concern, this study aimed to gather novel field data on exposure to spray drift in orchards. The research was conducted by the Julius Kuehn-Institute (JKI), the Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety (BVL), and the German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR). From 2018 to 2021, the method for conducting the field trials and analysis was implemented. The data from multiple series of performed field trials conducted between 2021 and 2022 allowed for collecting data on potential dermal exposure (PDE), inhalation exposure, and ground sediment. The trials considered various distances from the treatment area and drift-reducing techniques. Adult and child mannequins were used to simulate bystanders’ exposure, and petri dishes were used to measure ground sediment. The results showed that drift reduction settings (75% drift reduction) considerably reduced exposure levels on the mannequins. Furthermore, a strong correlation between PDE values for adults and children located next to each other at the same distance was observed. This finding suggests a possibility to convert exposure results from adult to child mannequins. The study produced realistic exposure data for bystanders and residents next to a treated area. It contributes to a better understanding of exposure risks from PPP application and includes data for different distances and spray drift reducing technique. If taken into account for further development of the current risk assessment models, new risk management options for the safe application of PPP, including buffer strips or application of drift reducing systems, might be available in near future.
Einsatz von Präventionsprogrammen an Grundschulen während der Coronapandemie (COVID-19, „coronavirus disease 2019“)
Authors: Froom Jana , Kaschek Nora , Willöper Ulrike , Karing Constance 
Published: November 2023

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund
Bisher liegen nur wenige systematische Bestandsaufnahmen schulischer Präventionsprogramme während der Coronapandemie (COVID-19, „coronavirus disease 2019“) vor. Während dieser Zeit kam es zu massiven Einschnitten im Schulbetrieb, die zu Veränderungen in der Durchführung von Präventionsprogrammen geführt haben könnten. Daher wurde untersucht, (1) ob und welche Präventionsprogramme in Thüringer Grund- und Gemeinschaftsschulen in den Klassen 1 bis 4 von Pandemiebeginn im März 2020 bis zum Schuljahr 2022/23 eingesetzt wurden, (2) ob die Coronapandemie einen Einfluss auf die Durchführung von Präventionsprogrammen in Schulen hatte, (3) welche an Entscheidungs- und Auswahlprozessen beteiligte Personen, welche Informationsquellen und Ressourcen für die Durchführung von Präventionsprogrammen berücksichtigt wurden und (4) welche Faktoren für die Implementierung zukünftiger Maßnahmen berücksichtigt werden müssen, sodass mehr Präventionsprogramme eingesetzt werden können.

Methodik
Es handelt sich um ein querschnittliches Studiendesign. Die Studie wurde als Fragebogenstudie im Mixed-mode-Ansatz durchgeführt. Es nahmen 105 Thüringer Grund- und Gemeinschaftsschulen (1. bis 4. Klasse) an der Studie teil. Neben dem Einsatz von Präventionsprogrammen an den Schulen wurden am Entscheidungs- und Auswahlprozess beteiligte Personen, sowie Informationsquellen und Ressourcen für die Durchführung von Präventionsprogrammen erfasst. Des Weiteren wurden pandemiebedingte Durchführungsschwierigkeiten und für die Implementierung relevante schulische Kontextbedingungen von den Schulleitungen erfragt.

Ergebnisse
Die Mehrheit der Schulen führte während der Pandemie Präventionsprogramme durch, wenn auch weniger als zu präpandemischen Zeiten. In der Durchführung wurden pandemiebedingte Schwierigkeiten berichtet, die besonders mit Schulschließungen, Hygienevorschriften und fehlendem Personal begründet wurden. Zeitgleich berichteten die Schulleitungen einen wahrgenommen gestiegenen Präventionsbedarf. Im Planungs- und Entscheidungsprozess waren mehrheitlich Schulleitungen und Lehrkräfte beteiligt, während die Ressourcen vorrangig von externen Projektträgern zur Verfügung gestellt wurden. Schulische Kontextbedingungen wie Finanzierung und externe Unterstützung wurden als Hindernisse für den (zukünftigen) Einsatz von Präventionsprogrammen bemängelt.

Schlussfolgerung
Angesichts der berichteten rückläufigen Anzahl an durchgeführten Präventionsprogrammen während der Coronapandemie, sollte eine gezielte Förderung des Einsatzes von Präventionsprogrammen in Schulen in verschiedenen Bereichen forciert werden. Es besteht weiterhin Handlungsbedarf, (ausschließlich) evidenzbasierte Programme mit nachhaltiger Wirksamkeit in die schulische Praxis einzuführen. Der Anteil an nicht evaluierten Programmen ist weiterhin in Schulen weit verbreitet.
Micropropagation of Lepidium ostleri (Brassicaceae), a native endemic plant species
Authors: DeNittis Alyson M. , Larson Joseph M. , Kopp Olga Ruiz 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLepidium ostleri S.L. Welsh & Goodrich (Ostler’s peppergrass) is an endemic plant species restricted to Ordovician limestone outcrops associated with the San Francisco Mountain Range in western Utah. Due to restricted population distribution and proximity to modern mining operations, L. ostleri is a species of conservation interest. This study focused on the development of a micropropagation protocol for propagating mature plants using plant tissue culture methods. Indirect shoot organogenesis was obtained from L. ostleri explants on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium augmented with various concentrations of BAP (6-Benzylaminopurine), kinetin (N6-furfuryladenine), and IAA (indole-3-acetic acid). Plantlets supporting shoots grown in vitro were pulse treated with differing strengths of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and transferred to sterile soil. Following root induction, plantlets were acclimated to ambient conditions. The successful development of a micropropagation protocol supports management activities for L. ostleri and also contributes to in vitro propagation knowledge at the species, genus, and family levels.
Species identification method by a new non-invasive technique in Korean endangered terrestrial snail, Koreanohadra Koreana (Gastropoda: Mollusca)
Authors: Cha Deokjea , Kim Jin-Young , Kim Kang-San , Kim Young-Joong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractKoreanohadra koreana (K. koreana) is an endemic species in South Korea that is listed as endangered. While the ecology and phylogenetics of K. koreana have been studied, its morphological similarity to the related species Koreanohadra kurodana (K. kurodana), can make species identification difficult. Furthermore, this has led to confusion when determining essential habitat information for the conservation of K. koreana. To bypass this issue, we have developed a non-invasive species identification method that can genetically differentiate between them. While there are already various non-invasive genomic DNA (gDNA) extraction methods that utilize the mucus from mollusks, they are limited as they require the target species to be physically located. To address this, in this investigation a method of extracting gDNA from the feces of snails was developed. The method utilized a primer set to amplify a cytochrome b fragment from K. koreana but not K. kurodana or other terrestrial snails. The feces of terrestrial snails could thus be used to obtain gDNA to a genetically usable level if collected within 5 days of excretion. This non-invasive species identification method using feces will help to facilitate genetic research without harming the endangered species and if the target species is not physically in the habitat. Moreover, K. koreana and K. kurodana could perhaps be further distinguished, using their habitat information to help facilitate essential conservation measures.
Semicircular canals are long in patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
Authors: Başkadem Yılmazer Ayça , Bircan Hasan Sami , Erk Hamdullah , Kış Naciye , Göker Ayşe Enise , Hanci Deniz , Berkiten Güler , Uyar Yavuz 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo search for any morphological variation contributing to aetiopathogenesis and the diagnosis of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, we measured the sizes of the semicircular canals in patients with and without benign paroxysmal positional vertigo using multidetector computed tomography.MethodsCranial bone computed tomography images of 30 benign paroxysmal positional vertigo patients and 30 control patients were acquired with a 128-slice computed tomography scanner and a transverse plane with a thickness of 0.67 mm. The inner diameter, height and width of the canals were measured.ResultsThe width of the anterior semicircular canals, and the width and height of the posterior semicircular canals of the affected ears in benign paroxysmal positional vertigo patients (n = 30) were significantly greater than in the control patients (n = 90; p = 0.001, p = 0.023, p = 0.003, respectively).ConclusionIn benign paroxysmal positional vertigo patients, the posterior and anterior semicircular canals are longer than those in people without benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. These morphological changes may contribute to elucidating the aetiopathogenesis and be used as a radiological sign for diagnosis of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo disease.
The effect of nasal douching by hypertonic 2.3 per cent sea water with algae extracts on the concentration of epidermal growth factor, transforming growth factor-α and interleukin-8 in nasal secretions of patients with nasal polyposis following endoscopic surgical treatment
Authors: Perić Aleksandar , Gaćeša Dejan , Kovačević Sandra Vezmar , Perić Aneta V. , Vojvodić Danilo , Georgiou Stella , Protopapadakis Evdokia , Alevizopoulos Konstantinos 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate epidermal growth factor, transforming growth factor-α and interleukin-8 production in nasal mucosa irrigated with hypertonic 2.3 per cent solution with algae extracts, in comparison to 0.9 per cent NaCl during the first two weeks after surgery for nasal polyposis, in relation to symptoms and local findings.MethodsThis prospective study included 20 nasal polyposis patients postoperatively irrigated with hypertonic solution and 20 nasal polyposis patients postoperatively irrigated with isotonic solution. We evaluated nasal symptom score, endoscopic score and mediator levels in nasal secretions before and after irrigation.ResultsFollowing treatment, nasal symptom score and endoscopic score were significantly lower in the hypertonic solution group (p = 0.023; p < 0.001, respectively). The increase in the epidermal growth factor and the decrease in the transforming growth factor-α and interleukin-8 concentration were higher in the hypertonic group (p < 0.001 for all mediators).ConclusionIrrigation with a hypertonic solution was found to be more effective than an isotonic solution in nasal mucosa reparation.
Biological observations and new maximum reported sizes for two threatened rays: ornate eagle ray Aetomylaeus vespertilio and mangrove whipray Urogymnus granulatus from the Gulf of Mannar, India
Authors: Lalitha Remya , Thomas Sujitha , Kizhakudan Shoba Joe , Shanmugam Thirumalaiselvan , Ayyakannu Gandhi , Muthayan Midhun , Raja Rajkumar , Vedhagiri Vetrivel , Umayan Rajendran , Kalimuthu Shanmuganathan , Murugesan Prakash 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Record-sized specimens of the ornate eagle ray Aetomylaeus vespertilio and mangrove whipray Urogymnus granulatus were caught by single-day trawlers off Pamban Island in the Gulf of Mannar, Tamil Nadu, India during 2021 and 2022. All were landed at the Pamban Therkuvadi Fish Landing Centre (FLC). The largest ornate eagle ray was 384 cm disc width (DW) and weighed 530 kg, setting a new global record for the species, as the previous maximum size was reported to be 300 cm DW. This specimen was landed on 19 July 2021. Another large specimen of this species (360 cm DW and total weight of 453 kg) was caught and landed on 12 August 2022. The landed mangrove whipray was 153 cm DW and 150 kg total weight, larger than the previously reported maximum size of 141 cm DW. The morphometrics, stomach contents and reproductive state were studied. One of the eagle rays was a pregnant female with three full-term embryos in the uterus, while the whipray was a spent female. The main prey species in the stomach of eagle ray was big-eye scad Selar crumenophthalmus. The mangrove whipray had fed on a range of fish (pigface bream, goatfish, silverbellies, silverbiddies and lesser sardine) and octopus.
Emergent Climatic Controls on Soil Carbon Turnover and Its Variability in Warm Climates
Authors: Huang Heng , Wu Jin , Calabrese Salvatore 
Published: November 2023

AbstractClimate plays a critical role in altering soil carbon (C) turnover and long‐term soil C storage by regulating water availability and temperature, and in turn biological activity. However, a systematic analysis of how key climatic factors shape the global patterns of soil C turnover is still lacking. Using global observation‐based data sets and a transit time theory, here we show that—excluding croplands and cold regions—soil C turnover time (τTO) and its variability are strongly related to ecosystem aridity through a power law scaling. According to such a relation, soil C turnover is faster but also more variable in wetter regions, suggesting more complex C cycling processes. The observed scaling of τTO and its coefficient of variation with aridity underlines the fundamental controls of climate on soil C turnover and may help reconcile soil C models with empirical observations for improved projection of soil C dynamics under climate change.
Modeling Multi‐Material Structural Patterns in Tectonic Flow With a Discontinuous Galerkin Level Set Method
Authors: Wú Qǐháng , Lin Shoufa , Unger André 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe formulate a numerical framework, in both 2d and 3d, to model the structural patterns emerging from creeping viscous flow typically encountered in long‐term ductile lithospheric deformation by coupling the discontinuous Galerkin level set method with a finite element Stokes‐like flow solver. The level set formulation has the advantage of retaining information on the interface geometry, decreased memory requirement and improved computational efficiency from the two‐way particle‐mesh information transfer compared to particle‐in‐cell methods. Furthermore, our formulation fully exploits the advantages of the finite element method (e.g., the flexibility of mesh geometry and the ease of handling anisotropic materials) by using a unified finite element framework. The novelty of our formulation is the capability to offer a fully dynamic approach for modeling structural patterns resulting from a tectonic flow that is non‐steady and inhomogeneous. The material distribution and the finite deformation patterns predicted from the numerical model can be directly compared with geological map patterns (e.g., lithological distribution at specified depths and on cross‐sections) and field structural analyses (e.g., foliation, lineation and strain patterns), thus offering the possibility of ground‐truthing the modeling results by field evidence. As examples for potential applications of our method, we apply our method to the modeling of a competent inclusion in simple shear flow, as well as a Rayleigh‐Taylor type density overturn. Our models demonstrate good agreement with previous 2d benchmark results and produce 3d lithological and deformation patterns comparable to field observations.
Machine learning pre-hospital real-time cardiac arrest outcome prediction (PReCAP) using time-adaptive cohort model based on the Pan-Asian Resuscitation Outcome Study
Authors: Chang Hansol , Kim Ji Woong , Jung Weon , Heo Sejin , Lee Se Uk , Kim Taerim , Hwang Sung Yeon , Do Shin Sang , Cha Won Chul ,   Pan-Asian Resuscitation Outcomes Study Clinical Research Network investigators, Ong Marcus 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTo save time during transport, where resuscitation quality can degrade in a moving ambulance, it would be prudent to continue the resuscitation on scene if there is a high likelihood of ROSC occurring at the scene. We developed the pre-hospital real-time cardiac arrest outcome prediction (PReCAP) model to predict ROSC at the scene using prehospital input variables with time-adaptive cohort. The patient survival at discharge from the emergency department (ED), the 30-day survival rate, and the final Cerebral Performance Category (CPC) were secondary prediction outcomes in this study. The Pan-Asian Resuscitation Outcome Study (PAROS) database, which includes out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients transferred by emergency medical service in Asia between 2009 and 2018, was utilized for this study. From the variables available in the PAROS database, we selected relevant variables to predict OHCA outcomes. Light gradient-boosting machine (LightGBM) was used to build the PReCAP model. Between 2009 and 2018, 157,654 patients in the PAROS database were enrolled in our study. In terms of prediction of ROSC on scene, the PReCAP had an AUROC score between 0.85 and 0.87. The PReCAP had an AUROC score between 0.91 and 0.93 for predicting survived to discharge from ED, and an AUROC score between 0.80 and 0.86 for predicting the 30-day survival. The PReCAP predicted CPC with an AUROC score ranging from 0.84 to 0.91. The feature importance differed with time in the PReCAP model prediction of ROSC on scene. Using the PAROS database, PReCAP predicted ROSC on scene, survival to discharge from ED, 30-day survival, and CPC for each minute with an AUROC score ranging from 0.8 to 0.93. As this model used a multi-national database, it might be applicable for a variety of environments and populations.