bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety and efficacy of ivermectin against ear mites (Otodectes cynotis) in ranch foxes
Authors: Foreyt William J. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Efficacy of ivermectin at a dosage of 0.2 mg/kg of body weight was evaluated against naturally acquired ear mite (Otodectes cynotis) infestation in commercially raised ranch foxes (Vulpes fulva). Efficacy of ivermectin given sc twice at 3-week intervals was 97.4%. Toxicosis associated with drug treatment was not observed. Increased dosage of 1.0 mg/kg was given sc to 5 foxes each week for 6 consecutive weeks, and signs of toxicosis or illness were not observed after treatment.
Economic effects of mastitis prevention strategies for dairy producers
Authors: Miller Gay Y. , Bartlett Paul C. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
For efficient disease management in dairy production, the influence of disease prevention strategies on farm profitability must be known. A survey of mastitis control practices, milking machine function and maintenance, and cow environmental conditions was conducted with 406 dairy producers on the Michigan Dairy Herd Improvement-somatic cell counting program responding. These survey data, in conjunction with Dairy Herd Improvement production data, were used to develop a model estimating the marginal value products of mastitis control practices. Lost milk production associated with increased somatic cell count was calculated for each herd. Mastitis control practices, milking machine function and maintenance, and cow environmental conditions were used as independent variables in an analysis of covariance model with lost milk production as the dependent variable. Variables significant in explaining changes in production from increased somatic cell count were the use of teat dip, use of sanitizer in the wash water, milking cow bedding, summer nonlactating cow housing, summer calving locations, type of regulator, alternating pulsation, and rolling herd average milk production. The marginal value product (change in revenues received) from the use of iodine, chlorhexidine, and quaternary ammonium-type teat dips were $13.79, $16.09, and $22.17/cow/year, respectively, and these changes were statistically significant. However, sanitizer in the wash water was associated with a decrease in production. Management practices that have previously been shown to be economical and did not appear in the final model included nonlactating cow therapy and single-use paper towels.
Effect of latex and vinyl examination gloves on canine spermatozoal motility
Authors: Althouse G. C. , Ko J. C. H. , Hopkins S. M. , Evans L. E. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Two experiments were conducted to determine whether contact with latex or vinyl examination gloves affects canine spermatozoal motility. In experiment 1, semen was collected by digital manipulation from each of 5 dogs, and initial spermatozoal motility was assessed. The ejaculate was divided into 5 equal subsamples of 2 ml each, then randomly assigned to a control group, or treated with a 0.5-cm2 piece of latex or vinyl glove with or without talcum powder. After such exposure, spermatozoal motility was assessed at 1 and 5 minutes. Talcum powder within latex or vinyl glove treatments had no significant effect on spermatozoal motility at either period. Spermatozoal motility in samples did not differ between the control and vinyl glove groups; however, latex glove-treated samples were found to have a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in spermatozoal motility at 1 and 5 minutes. In experiment 2, the effects of latex and vinyl gloves on canine spermatozoal motility during a sham laboratory manipulation was performed. Three ejaculates of approximately 10 ml were collected from each of 5 dogs and randomly assigned, within each dog, to be either a control (no glove exposure) or allowed to briefly contact either a latex or vinyl glove during sample manipulation. Spermatozoal motility was assessed for each sample immediately prior to and at 1 minute after manipulation. Exposure of semen to latex gloves significantly (P < 0.05) decreased sample spermatozoal motility, whereas vinyl glove exposure had a minimal (P > 0.05) effect. Results of this study indicate that contact of dog semen with latex gloves may have a detrimental effect on spermatozoal motility; therefore, when working with semen, contact of the gloves with the semen sample should be avoided. Because vinyl gloves had a minimal effect on spermatozoal motility in this study, their use is recommended over that of latex gloves.
Development of a whole killed feline leukemia virus vaccine
Authors: York Sonia M. , York Charles J. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
A whole killed FeLV vaccine was developed. By use of a chromatography method of purification and concentration, the resulting vaccine has been shown to be significantly lower in bovine serum albumin and total protein contents than were the same ingredients in the starting materials. The virus was inactivated or killed as an essential part of the vaccine development process. Vaccination trials with the vaccine without use of adjuvants indicated appreciable virus-neutralizing serum titer (≥ 1:10) in 107 of 110 vaccinated cats. Of 43 cats vaccinated and subsequently challenge exposed with virulent FeLV, only 2 developed persistent virus antigenemia (longer than 1 month), whereas 14 of 22 nonvaccinated control cats developed persistent viremia. In field tests, 2,770 cats from 6 states were vaccinated and observed. Postvaccinal reactions were not observed.
Comparison of the efficacy of three commercial feline leukemia virus vaccines in a natural challenge exposure
Authors: Legendre Alfred M. , Hawks Darren M. , Sebring Randal , Rohrbach Bart , Chavez Lloyd , Chu Hsien-Jue , Acree William M. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Forty-seven kittens were exposed for 31 weeks to 12 FeLV-positive carrier cats. The carrier cats were infected with 2 laboratory strains of FeLV and at least 2 strains of street virus. Eleven nonvaccinated control kittens and 12 vaccinated kittens were allotted to 3 groups. After 31 weeks of exposure, the following kittens were persistently blood FeLV positive by elisa and immunofluorescence antibody (ifa) testing: 7 of the 11 control kittens, 0 of 12 kittens inoculated with vaccine A, 5 of 12 kittens inoculated with vaccine B, and 6 of 12 kittens inoculated with vaccine C. Only the kittens inoculated with vaccine A were significantly (P < 0.05) different from the control group. After 23 weeks of exposure, culture was done to identify FeLV in the bone marrow of the kittens. Feline leukemia virus was isolated from the bone marrow of 9 of 11 control kittens. Virus was isolated from the bone marrow of 5 of 12 kittens inoculated with vaccine A, 11 of 12 kittens inoculated with vaccine B, and 10 of 12 kittens inoculated with vaccine C. Of the 17 cats that had FeLV isolated only from culture of bone marrow (negative results of blood virus isolation, elisa, and ifa testing), 13 eliminated the virus from the bone marrow by week 31 of exposure. After 31 weeks of exposure, FeLV was isolated from the bone marrow of 8 of 11 control kittens, O of 12 kittens inoculated with vaccine A, 7 of 12 kittens inoculated with vaccine B, and 7 of 12 kittens inoculated with vaccine C.
Relationship between development of antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi in dogs and the subsequent development of limb/joint borreliosis
Authors: Levy Steven A. , Magnarelli Louis A. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
The relationship between antibody production and the subsequent development of limb/joint disorders of borreliosis was examined in dogs from south central Connecticut. Dogs without signs of illness, determined by physical examination, were selected from dogs being tested for Dirofilaria immitis. An elisa was used to detect antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi in 234 apparently healthy dogs during 1988. These dogs were monitored for 20 months after initial analyses to determine the prevalence of limb/joint disorder in seropositive and seronegative dogs. Of 234 dogs from which samples were initially obtained, 125 had antibodies to B burgdorferi and 109 were seronegative. The development of limb/joint disorder (eg, lameness, swelling, and signs of pain) accompanied by lethargy, fever, and inappetence in each group was nearly equal. Rates of 4.8% (6/125) and 4.6% (5/109) were recorded for seropositive and seronegative dogs, respectively. We conclude that serosurvey of apparently healthy dogs had no predictive value for the subsequent development of limb/joint disorder.
Prognosis for dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma treated by amputation alone: 162 cases (1978-1988)
Authors: Spodnick Gary J. , Berg John , Rand William M. , Schelling Scott H. , Couto Guillermo , Harvey H. Jay , Henderson Ralph A. , MacEwen Gregory , Mauldin Neal , McCaw Dudley L. , Moore Antony S. , Morrison Wallace , Norris Alan M. , O'Bradovich Joyce , O'Keefe Deborah A. , Page Rodney , Ruslander David , Klausner Jeff , Straw Rodney , Thompson James P. , Withrow Stephen J. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Long-term follow-up information pertaining to 162 dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma treated by amputation alone was collected from 17 veterinary institutions. The majority (72.5%) of dogs died or were euthanatized because of problems documented to be related to metastases. The first clinically apparent sites of metastasis were the lungs (60.8% of total), the skeleton (5.2%), or both (4.6%). A Kaplan-Meier survivorship distribution was plotted on the basis of available survival time data in all 162 dogs. The mean and median survival times were estimated to be 19.8 and 19.2 weeks, respectively, and the 1- and 2-year survival rates were estimated to be 11.5 and 2.0% respectively.
Statistically significant relationships were not found between survival time and reporting institution, gender, site of primary tumor, whether the primary tumor was proximally or distally located, whether the primary tumor was located in the forelimb or hind limb, whether presurgical biopsy was performed, and whether death was tumor related. A significant (P < 0.01) quadratic relationship was found between age and survival time. Survival time was longest in dogs 7 to 10 years old and was shorter in older and younger dogs.
Rabies in horses: 21 cases (1970-1990)
Authors: Green Sherril L. , Smith Laura L. , Vernau William , Beacock Susan M. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
The records of 21 horses with rabies were reviewed. Results of fluorescent antibody testing for rabies antigen in brain tissue were positive in each case. According to the histories, 5 of the horses had been vaccinated for rabies between 4 to 24 months prior to the onset of the clinical signs. Bite wounds were not observed on any of the horses, and exposure to a suspected rabid animal was witnessed in only 5 cases. Clinical signs of disease at the time of initial examination included ataxia and paresis of the hindquarters (9/21, 43%), lameness (5/21, 24%), recumbency (3/21, 14%), pharyngeal paralysis (2/21, 10%), and colic (2/21, 10%). The major clinical signs observed over the course of hospitalization included recumbency (21/21; 100%), hyperesthesia (17/21; 81%), loss of tail and anal sphincter tone (12/21; 57%), fever (11/21; 52%), and ataxia and paresis of the hindquarters (11/21; 52%). Mean survival time after the onset of clinical signs was 4.47 days (range, 1 to 7 days). Supportive treatment, given to 9 horses, had no effect on survival time and did not correlate with the detection of negri bodies at necropsy.
Cerebrospinal fluid (csf) was obtained from 6 horses and was determined to be abnormal in 5. The most common abnormality was a slightly high total cell count (5/6), with a predominance of lymphocytes (4/6). The csf total protein concentration was high in only 2 horses.
At necropsy, there was gross evidence of diffuse brain edema, meningeal congestion, and focal areas of hemorrhage in 5 horses (24%). The major histologic findings included diffuse perivascular cuffing with leukocytes (predominantly lymphocytes) in the meninges and neural parenchyma (14/21; 67%), neuronal degeneration and neuronaphagia (11/21; 52%), gliosis (9/21; 43%), and malacia of the gray matter of the spinal cord (6/21; 28%). Negri bodies were not identified in brain tissue of 11 horses (53%). Horses that survived 4 or more days after the onset of clinical signs were significantly (P < 0.025) more likely to have negri bodies in the neural tissues.
Effects of lasalocid on coccidial infection and growth in young dairy calves
Authors: Sinks Glendon D. , Quigley James D. , Reinemeyer Craig R. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Effects of lasalocid on coccidial infection and on calf growth were examined in 16 Holstein bull calves. Calves were assigned randomly to a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of starter ration containing 0 or 40 mg of lasalocid/kg of starter, beginning when calves were 3 days old (se = 0.046), and single oral inoculation with 0 or 30,000 sporulated oocysts (Eimeria bovis) at 28 days. Pelleted calf starter was fed ad libitum from day 1; milk replacer was fed at a rate of 3.6 kg/d until day 28. Mean daily gain, dry-matter intake, and body weight were increased in calves fed lasalocid and decreased in those inoculated with coccidia. Addition of lasalocid to the feed improved gains by 8% in uninoculated calves and by 50% in inoculated calves. Fecal oocyst numbers were reduced when lasalocid was fed to inoculated calves. Feces were more abnormal in calves inoculated with coccidia. Respiration rates, rectal temperatures, pcv, and serum sodium and potassium concentrations were unaffected by treatment. On the basis of findings in this study, lasalocid minimized effects of coccidial challenge inoculation and increased growth of calves.
Serologic prevalence of selected infectious diseases in cats with uveitis
Authors: Lappin Michael R. , Marks Amanda , Greene Craig E. , Collins James K. , Carman Jane , Reif John S. , Powell Cynthia C. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Serologic evidence of infection by Toxoplasma gondii, feline leukemia virus, feline coronaviruses, or feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) is commonly found in cats with uveitis. Serum samples from 124 cats with uveitis were assayed by use of elisa for the detection of T gondii-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM), IgG, and circulating antigens (Ag), as well as an elisa for feline leukemia virus Ag, an elisa for antibodies to fiv, and an indirect fluorescent antibody assay for antibodies to feline coronaviruses. Serologic evidence of infection by 1 or more of the infectious agents was detected in 83.1% of the samples. Serologic evidence of T gondii infection, defined as the detection of T gondii-specific IgM, IgG, or Ag in serum, was found in 74.2% of the samples. The seroprevalence of T gondii infection was significantly greater in cats with uveitis than in healthy cats from a similar geographic area. Serum samples from cats with serologic evidence of both T gondii and fiv infections were more likely to contain T gondii-specific IgM without IgG than samples from cats with serologic evidence of T gondii infection alone. Cats with serologic evidence of fiv and T gondii coinfection had a higher T gondii-specific IgM titer geometric mean and a lower T gondii-specific IgG titer geometric mean than did cats with serologic evidence of T gondii infection alone. Serologic evaluation for T gondii infection should include assays that detect IgM, IgG, and Ag, particularly in cats coinfected with fiv.
In vitro susceptibility to antimycotics of Microsporum canis isolates from cats
Authors: Puccini S. , Valdré A. , Papini R. , Mancianti F. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
One hundred thirty-four isolates of Microsporum canis, obtained from cats, were tested for in vitro susceptibility to various antifungal agents. The fungi were classified as susceptible, resistant, and intermediate by measuring the size of the zone of inhibited growth on yeast nitrogen base agar medium. Clotrimazole had the highest activity (99.2%), followed by tioconazole (89.6%), griseofulvin (88.8%), econazole (73.1%), ketoconazole (50.7%), miconazole (15.7%), and isoconazole (12.7%). We found 14.9% of the isolates to be susceptible to all the assayed drugs, whereas the highest resistance frequency (41.8%) was against 2 antimycotics. A simultaneous resistance to all the tested antimycotics was not found. The differences among the antifungal drugs activity were examined, and administration of drugs for which a simultaneous resistance was minimal is suggested.
Jejunal intussusception in adult horses: 11 cases (1981-1991)
Authors: Gift Lisa J. , Gaughan Earl M. , DeBowes Richard M. , Pintchuk Pamela A. , Nickels Frank A. , Foreman Jonathan H. 
Published: December 2023

Summary:
Medical records of 11 adult horses with jejunal intussusception examined at 5 veterinary teaching hospitals between 1981 and 1991 were reviewed. Nine of 11 horses had signs of acute abdominal discomfort for <24 hours, whereas 2 horses had a history of chronic signs. Five of 11 horses had an intraluminal or intramural mass associated with the jejunal intussusception.
Two horses died or were euthanatized prior to surgery. Partial jejunal resection and jejunojejunal anastomosis were performed in 9 horses. One horse died during surgery and 2 were euthanatized prior to hospital discharge because of postoperative complications. Four of the 6 horses that were discharged from the hospital survived from 16 months to 6 years and returned to their previous level of performance. One horse died 3 months after surgery from unknown causes, and 1 horse was lost to long-term follow-up evaluation.
Evaluation of a method of ureteroneocystostomy in cats
Authors: Kochin Edward J. , Gregory Clare R. , Wisner Erik , Cain Gary , Gourley I. M. 
Published: December 2023

Summary:
Renal transplantation is a successful treatment for terminal renal failure in cats. Ureteral obstruction at the bladder wall or stoma has been a technical complication encountered in approximately 50% of clinical transplants. The small (0.4 mm) diameter of the feline ureter makes standard techniques described for ureteroneocystostomy unsatisfactory for cats. In this study, we used microsurgical techniques to appose ureteral mucosa to intact bladder mucosa in an attempt to form a stricture-free stoma. In each of 5 anatomically normal cats, 1 ureter was microsurgically implanted in the bladder. Ul-trasonographic examination of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder was performed twice weekly for 8 weeks. Excretory urography was performed at postoperative weeks 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12.
Biopsy specimens were taken from the kidney on the surgically treated side 4 weeks after surgery. At 12 weeks, the kidney, ureter, and ureterovesical junction from the treated side were removed and submitted for histologic evaluation. At 1 week, all cats had enlargement of the kidney, renal pelvis, and ureteral lumen on the treated side. This enlargement gradually decreased, and by week 8, there was no difference in comparison with the control side. Ureteroneocystostomy that requires tunneling of the ureter through the bladder wall may result in hydroureter and hydronephrosis, which may resolve. Recognition of these changes may prevent unwarranted surgical intervention in cases of suspected obstruction.
The technique described in this study has been used in 15 cats receiving renal allografts. None required surgical correction of ureteral obstruction.
Evaluation of single-agent chemotherapy for treatment of clinically evident osteosarcoma metastases in dogs: 45 cases (1987-1991)
Authors: Ogilvie Gregory K. , Straw Rodney C. , Jameson Vicki J. , Walters Lisa M. , Lafferty Mary H. , Powers Barbara E. , Withrow Stephen J. 
Published: December 2023

Summary:
A study was undertaken to determine the effect chemotherapy had when used to treat 45 dogs with measurable metastatic osteosarcoma. The primary tumor was histologically confirmed as an osteosarcoma in each case. Thirty-nine dogs had the primary tumor surgically removed. Twenty-four of these dogs were treated adjunctively with cisplatin (70 mg/m2 of body surface, IV, q 3 weeks; median 2 doses, range 1 to 6 doses) prior to the onset of metastasis. The remaining 6 dogs from which the primary tumor was not surgically removed were diagnosed as having metastatic osteosarcoma in addition to the primary tumor on initial examination.
The median time from initial examination until the development of metastatic disease was 115 days (range, 27 to 1,199 days). The location of the metastatic disease was lungs (31 dogs), bone (3 dogs), soft tissue (1 dog), and multiple sites including lungs, bone, and soft tissue sites (10 dogs). The metastatic lesions were confirmed by pretreatment biopsy (n = 8) or cytologic evaluation (n = 2) in 10 cases and at necropsy in 27 cases. The remaining 8 cases were diagnosed radiographically as multiple metastatic lesions in the lungs consistent with metastatic osteosarcoma.
The metastatic disease was treated with cisplatin in 31 dogs (70 mg/m2, IV, q 3 weeks; median 2 doses, range 1 to 4 doses), doxorubicin in 11 dogs (30 mg/m2, IV, q 3 weeks; median 2 doses, range 1 to 3 doses), and mitoxantrone in 3 dogs (5 mg/m2, IV, q 3 weeks; median 2 doses, range 1 to 3 doses). Eight dogs that had metastatic disease treated with cisplatin were also given doxorubicin; 2 dogs treated with either doxorubicin or mitoxantrone were treated subsequently with cisplatin. The extent of neoplastic disease was determined immediately before the first dose of chemotherapy, and then every 3 to 6 weeks thereafter unless the dog had signs compatible with progressive disease, in which case, an evaluation was done more frequently. Each dog was treated with one chemotherapeutic agent until the dog developed progressive disease, or until the dog's quality of life diminished to an unacceptable level as determined by the owner or attending veterinarian. One dog treated with doxorubicin achieved partial remission. The duration of the partial remission was 21 days, and the lesion was confirmed to be osteosarcoma on necropsy 159 days after the metastatic disease was diagnosed. The median survival time of the other 44 dogs that did not respond to treatment from the time the metastatic disease was diagnosed was 61 days (range, 14 to 192 days). Cisplatin, doxorubicin, and mitoxantrone chemotherapy appear to be ineffective for the treatment of measurable metastatic osteosarcoma in the dog.
Idiopathic immune-mediated hemolytic anemia in dogs: 42 cases (1986-1990)
Authors: Klag Alan R. , Giger Urs , Shofer Frances S. 
Published: December 2023

Summary:
Forty-two cases of Coombs' positive or agglutinating immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (imha) in dogs were reviewed. Dogs ranged in age from 1 to 13 years, with a mean age of 6.4 ± 3.4 years. The majority of dogs (74%) tested positive for IgG antibodies without complement. Spherocytosis was seen in 67% of the dogs, but hemoglobinemia and hemoglobinuria were found in only 10%. Marked bilirubinuria was found in all the dogs. A significant seasonal incidence was observed, with 40% of all cases diagnosed during the months of May and fune. Severe anemia, with pcv ≤ 20% was observed in 37 dogs (88%). Sixteen dogs (38%) had moderate to severe reticulocytosis and 12 dogs (29%) had mild reticulocytosis. Thus, the absence of reticulocytosis should not be used to rule out a diagnosis of imha. Concomitant mild to severe thrombocytopenia was observed in 28 dogs (67%). A mortality of 29% was observed during hospitalization. Risk of death was significantly increased in dogs without marked reticulocytosis, those with lower pcv, and dogs with serum bilirubin concentrations ≥ 10 mg/dl. In severe cases of imha, rapid and aggressive supportive therapy is required.