bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Using Internet on the Behavior of the Students Enrolled at The University of Jordan
Authors: Atieh Nesreen 
Published: November 2023

The present study aimed to identify the impact of using internet on BA students at The University of Jordan in the behavioral areas. It also aimed to identify the impact of using internet on students in terms of social and family relationships. In addition, it aimed to explore the psychological and social impacts of using internet on students. The researcher adopted the social survey-based approach and chose a random sample. The sample of the study consisted of fifty (50) female and male students who were enrolled at The University of Jordan. The researcher designed a survey to meet the goal of the study. The survey consists of sixteen (16) items, and it targets two areas, which are: the impact of using internet on the social areas, and the impact of using internet on the psychological areas. Some of the results shed light on the impact of using internet on university students in social aspects. Based on the latter results, the highest value belongs to the item suggesting that internet is used by the respondents as a means to run away from the problems and get rid of stress. They show negligence in doing family chores in order to use internet, as they spend more time talking to friends and relatives through internet more than talking to them face to face. Some of the results shed light on the impact of using internet on university students in psychological aspects. Based on the latter results, internet is a means for running away from problems and getting rid of stress. The respondents feel self-confident when using internet and communicating with others; however, they face sleep-related problems due to using internet, and feel less energetic when they don't use the internet. The results showed that most of the respondents use internet for a duration that is less than two hours, and most of them are males, and that the least percentage of respondents use internet for a duration that falls under the category: (four hours - less than 6 hours). Most of those respondents are females. Thirteen students use internet for six hours or more, and most of them are males. The results shed light on the relationships between academic programs and opinions about using internet, where the most positive results are shown by the fourth year students, while the most negative ones are shown by the first year students. The researcher offered a set of recommendations
The Compatibility of the International Humanitarian Law on International Peace Forces
Authors: Ashra’ah Ali 
Published: November 2023

The United Nations has resorted to developing a mechanism to stop armed conflicts and reach a peaceful settlement to them. They are the International Peace Forces in order to try to settle armed conflicts. The aim was to allow the conflicting parties to reach a peaceful solution, and the International Peace Forces (IPF) evolved in terms of their composition or in terms of the tasks they perform. In addition to the first task they undertook, namely the separation of the conflicting forces and the maintenance of the truce, they carry out the tasks of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of combatants into their communities, strengthening the rule of law, enabling the local authority to strengthen its presence and fulfill its responsibilities besides securing elections with the aim to ensure a democratic transition of power, as well as ensuring respect for human rights and protecting civilians in the conflicting zones, carrying out humanitarian work including securing safe passages with the arrival of aid, securing refugees and expelled people. These forces witnessed a great development in terms of the mandates they carry out from peacekeeping to the tasks of peace enforcement; therefore, they carry out combat operations for peace enforcement, which in turn raised the question about the degree of the compatibility between the rules of international humanitarian laws and International Peace Forces. Such a question incited the researcher to answer it through inducing and analyzing significant texts, and he reached to a number of results, among of which is : International Peace Forces uses the armed forces in some of their tasks as being a part of armed conflict in the tasks of carrying out peace, and in turn, The United Nations must adopt decisions that frankly state that International Peace Forces should be compatible with the rules of humanitarian law.
Humanización del cuidado de los pacientes pediátricos hospitalizados
Authors: López Ramiro Juan Ignacio , Ramírez Ruiz Elizabeth , Utrero Marín Vanessa 
Published: November 2023

El término humanización hace referencia al proceso mediante el cual se trata de hacer a algo o a alguien más humano. Hasta hace años había una percepción, casi normalizada en nuestra sociedad, de que los hospitales estaban solo para curar, que eran lugares fríos, un lugar donde nadie, y menos un niño, querría estar.
Con el paso del tiempo y la evolución de nuestra sociedad, se ha llegado a una conclusión casi generalizada: los hospitales, especialmente los que tratan niños, deben estar concebidos como algo más. Deberían ser lugares donde además de cubrir las necesidades derivadas del proceso de enfermedad o de la causa de hospitalización, se tenga muy presente una visión holística del niño hospitalizado, lo que necesariamente incluye prestar atención a sus padres o familiares más cercanos, esos que los van a acompañar durante su estancia.
Se trata pues de ofrecer una acogida cálida, así como hacer lo posible para que la experiencia de la hospitalización sea lo menos traumática posible para los niños y sus padres.
Distintas iniciativas y proyectos se llevan a cabo en el día a día de los hospitales, muchos de ellos pensados e implantados por diferentes fundaciones, pero todos dirigidos a un mismo fin, que la humanización del cuidado de los niños hospitalizados sea una realidad. Varias de ellas se recogen y explican en este trabajo.
EKSPLORASI BATU MULIA DENGAN METODE PEMETAAN GEOLOGI DAERAH TUWUNG BARRU
Authors: Muh. Darwis Falah  , Muhammad Ansarullah S. Tabbu  
Published: November 2023

Daerah eksplorasi batu mulia secara administrative terletak di wilayah Lingkungan Kamara, Kelurahan Tuwung, Kecamatan Barru. Secara geografi terletak pada posisi geografis 40 24’ 55” – 40 25’ 17” Lintang Selatan dan 1190 38’ 7,5”- 1190 38’ 27” Bujur Timur dari Greenwich. Kegiatan eksplorasi bahan galian batu mulia di daerah Kamara ditempuh menggunakan metode pemetaan geologi. Pemetaan geologi dilakukan dengan membuat lintasan geologi, untuk memetakan lokasi-lokasi singkapan batu mulia dan gejala-gejala geologi lainnya. Peralatan yang digunakan: pesawat GPS Map 76 S, kompas geologi, palu geologi, lopue, pita ukur, kamera alat tulis-menulis. Batu mulia di daerah eksplorasi secara geologi terbentuk oleh intrusi batuan dasit pada batuan ultrabasa yang mengakibatkan terjadinya silifikasi oleh proses hidrothermal membentuk batu mulia. Sebarannya merupakan rangkaian daerah lembah perbukitan dan lembah sungai, berada pada ketinggian (15 – 175) m dpl, tekstur topografi sedang, wilayahnya sebagian merupakan kawasan hutan, dan sebagian pula merupakan kawasan budidaya dengan vegetasi pepohonan dan semak-belukar. Secara stratigrafi batuannya tersusun dari batuan Ultrabasa dan Dasit serta Endapan Alluvium. Struktur geologinya terdiri atas; sesar, dan kekar. Endapan batu mulia di daerah eksplorasi dijumpai dalam bentuk singkapan dan bongkah dijumpai pada batuan silisifikasi dalam bentuk urat dan bintik-bintik menyebar serta berupa tubuh batuan yang terdiri dari: giok, akik, krisopras, kristal kuarsa, kecubung, zircon, magnetit, opal, kalsedon, peridot, serpentinit, dan Jasfer. Terbentuk secara primer pada batuan ultrabasa dan sekunder pada endapan Alluvium. Batu mulia di daerah eksplorasi terdiri dari: batu permata, batu setengah batu permata, dan batuan hias atau dekorasi. Cadangan endapan batu mulia daerah Kamara mempunyai cadangan geologi terukur adalah 875.000 ton dan cadangan yang dapat ditambang adalah 787.500 ton.. Ratio lapisan penutup 0,04 m3/ton, jika produksi direncanakan 10.000 ton/tahun, dan perolehan penambangan tambang terbuka 90 % maka umur tambang = 78 tahun.
Private healthcare sector spine surgery: patient and surgeon profiles from a large open medical scheme in South Africa
Authors: Mann T , Vlok I , Dunn R N , Miseer S , Davis J 
Published: November 2023

Background
It is generally understood that the profile of spine surgery varies by setting, based on factors such as the age profile of the population, the economic context and access to healthcare. Relatively little is known about the profile of spine surgery in South Africa, although one previous report from the public healthcare sector suggested a high burden of trauma and infection-related surgery. To our knowledge, there has been no formal investigation in the private sector. A holistic understanding of spine surgery within our setting may be beneficial for applications such as resource allocation and informing the training needs of future specialists.

Objectives
To provide insight into spinal surgery in the South African private healthcare sector by describing spine surgery characteristics within a large open medical scheme, including both patient and surgeon profiles.

Methods
This retrospective review included adult inpatient spine surgeries funded by the largest open medical scheme in South Africa between 2008 and 2017. An anonymized dataset extracted from the scheme records included patient demographics, ICD-10 codes, procedure codes and surgeon specialization. Descriptive patient and surgery data were presented. Furthermore, the association between patient and surgery factors and surgeon specialization was investigated using univariate and multivariate analyses.

Results
A total of 49,576 index spine surgeries were included. The largest proportion of surgeries involved members 40-59 years old (n=23,543, 48%), approximately half involved female members (n=25,293, 51%) and most were performed by neurosurgeons (n=35,439, 72%). At least 37,755 (76%) surgeries were for degenerative pathology, 2,100 (4%) for trauma and 242 (0.5%) for infection. Adjusted risk ratios (aRR) significantly associated with orthopaedic surgeon specialization included cervical spine region aRR = 0.49 (95% C.I. 0.39-0.61), trauma aRR = 1.50 (95% C.I. 1.20-1.88), deformity aRR = 1.77 (95% C.I. 1.33-2.35) and blood transfusion aRR = 1.46 (95% C.I. 1.12-1.91).

Conclusion
Spine surgery in South Africa’s largest open medical scheme was dominated by surgery for degenerative pathology in older adults and was performed largely by neurosurgeons. This constituted a stark contrast to a previous report from the public sector and highlighted a mismatch between exposure during public sector registrar training and private practice post-specialization. The findings support the need for private-public collaboration as well as the importance of spine fellowships for all specialists intending to practice spine surgery.
Des dormeurs confiés à nos regards. Figurer et éprouver la sociabilité paradoxale du sommeil
Authors: Bui Camille 
Published: November 2023

Cet article interroge la manière dont les images photographiques et filmiques peuvent constituer un moyen de représenter la relation entre dormeur et veilleur, mais aussi devenir le médium de la confiance qui les lie. Les mises en scène du sommeil étendent au tiers à qui elles s’adressent le lien éthique — réel ou imaginaire — qui joint dormeur et veilleur, et, de cette façon, invitent à renouveler les métaphores du spectateur comme rêveur ou voyeur.
Do Humans Dream of Electric Ads?
Authors: Darnov Doron 
Published: November 2023

Responding to Molson Coors’ 2021 attempt to implant commercials into the dreams of sleeping consumers, I explore how emerging forms of “targeted dream incubation” threaten to transform sleep from a condition of economic refuge into a state of intensified exposure to “24/7” rhythms of economic engagement. More specifically, I argue that developing research in “dream engineering” shifts contemporary relationships to sleep by suggesting that the time we spend asleep might become even more suitable to imposed procedures of economic production and consumption than time spent awake. Rather than re-affirming a fundamental incompatibility between sleep and capitalism, I argue that targeted dream incubation anticipates a future in which capitalism incorporates and exploits sleep as a novel frontier of economic optimization.
Ingénierie de la formation et développement professionnel des enseignants. Ressorts et conditions d’un renouveau au prisme du comparatisme
Authors: Malet Régis , Le Coz Alice 
Published: November 2023

La notion de développement professionnel continu (DPC) des enseignants conjugue des enjeux de formation, de reconnaissance et d’efficacité professionnelles. Nous interrogeons dans cet article les conditions et les effets de la mise en oeuvre de politiques de DPC aux niveaux international et national, avant d’examiner de façon comparative des offres concrètes de formation de DPC dans deux académies en France. Nous cherchons à dégager certaines conditions du renouvellement des dispositifs d’ingénierie de la formation continue des enseignants et, plus largement, de documenter des enjeux contemporains majeurs pour la profession enseignante : attractivité́, reconnaissance, renouvellement, mobilité et développement professionnel.
Effects of Bee Bread on Serum Lipid Profile in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Female Rats
Authors: Bello M. , Umar Z. U. , Mainasara A. S. , Akuyam S. A. , Dallatu M. K. , Oduola T. , Yeldu M. H. , Tambuwal B. U. , Okafor P. A. , Abubakar U. , Ibrahim Y. , Maiturare H M. , Hassan B. A. 
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) represents one of the most frequent public health problems with increasing prevalence worldwide. This condition is caused by increased hepatic glucose production, lower insulin secretion, and impaired insulin action. Subsequently, the lipid is used as an alternative resource of cellular energy, resulting in abnormalities of lipid metabolism.
Aim: To determine effects of Bee Bread on Serum Lipid Profile in Alloxan Induced Diabetic rats
Methodology: A total thirty female Sprague-Dawley rats were grouped in to five. Gp1: Non-DM, Gp2: DM Naïve, Gp3: DM + 200BB, Gp4: DM + 400BB and Gp5: DM + Metformin. Animals were induced with DM following single injection of freshly prepared alloxan in normal saline. Animals were treated for three weeks before they were sacrificed using chloroform sedation. Blood samples were collected for Serum Lipid Profile analysis.
Results: When compared, Serum TC, TG, and LDL-C were significantly higher in the DM group compared to Non-DM, BB administered and DM + Metformin groups.
Reduction in these lipids was achieved with the administration of Bee Bread. HDL-C was significantly lower in the DM group, compared to other groups. The study revealed improvements in serum HDL-C with the administration of Bee Bread.
Conclusion: Bee Bread causes reduction in lipids and improves HDL-C in Diabetic Rats.
Feasibility of Efficient Pyrolysis of Wood Chips and its Product Yield in Developing Countries
Authors: Nzihou Jean Fidele , Girod Pierre , Hamidou Salou , Rogaume Yann , Segda Bila Gerard , Ouattara Frederic 
Published: November 2023

This paper is about the feasibility of combustibles gases like methane, ethane and carbon monoxide production from wood pyrolysis. This first laboratory experimental stage objective was to see what products can be obtained from wood pyrolysis in absence of oxygen and presence of nitrogen. The effect of temperature on the product yields was investigated. Products were characterized using gas-chromatography. We found that products of wood pyrolysis for temperatures of 700, 800, 900, 1000 and 1100°C were char, CO2 and combustibles gases like CH4, C2H2, CO and tar. NH3 was not found in the produced gases.
In our study, condensable gases were not recovered and quantified. A gas condenser would have been necessary inserted for this purpose at the outlet of the pyrolysis reactor before routing the gases to the mass spetrograph. This study show that char production decrease from 17.08% at 700°C on the weight basis to 12.95% at 1100°C. Gases and tar production decrease, going from 82.92% at 700 °C on the weight basis to 87.05% at 1100°C. Carbone dioxide production also increase with temperature. It is the biggest part of produced gases of the wood pyrolysis gases representing an average weight proportion of 6.99% of the initial wood. Carbone monoxide yield is almost constant, around 1.6% at 800, 900 and 1000°C thought its yield at 700°C was found slightly higher accounting for 2.29% weight of the initial wood. Ethylene (C2H4) is only produced in small amount compared to others combustibles gases like methane and carbon monoxide. Its proportion which was observed almost constant, around 0.14% on the weight basis in respect to the initial wood chips weight from 700 to 900°C dropped to 0.02% at 1000°C. Methane (CH4) is produced in weight basis proportions of 2.55% which remain almost constant from 700 to 1000°C.
Screening, Referral, Behavioral Counseling, and Preventive Interventions for Oral Health in Children and Adolescents Aged 5 to 17 Years
Authors: Chou Roger , Bougatsos Christina , Griffin Jessica , Selph Shelley S. , Ahmed Azrah , Fu Rongwei , Nix Chad , Schwarz Eli 
Published: November 2023

ImportanceDental caries is common in children and adolescents aged 5 to 17 years and potentially amenable to primary care screening and prevention.ObjectiveTo systematically review the evidence on primary care screening and prevention of dental caries in children and adolescents aged 5 to 17 years to inform the US Preventive Services Task Force.Data SourcesMEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (to October 3, 2022); surveillance through July 21, 2023.Study SelectionDiagnostic accuracy of primary care screening instruments and oral examination; randomized and nonrandomized trials of screening and preventive interventions and systematic reviews of such studies; cohort studies on primary care oral health screening and preventive intervention harms.Data Extraction and SynthesisOne investigator abstracted data; a second checked accuracy. Two investigators independently rated study quality. Random-effects meta-analysis was performed for fluoride supplements and xylitol; for other preventive interventions, pooled estimates were used from good-quality systematic reviews.Main Outcomes and MeasuresDental caries, morbidity, functional status, quality of life, harms; diagnostic test accuracy.ResultsThree systematic reviews (total 20 684 participants) and 19 randomized clinical trials, 3 nonrandomized trials, and 1 observational study (total 15 026 participants) were included. No study compared screening vs no screening. When administered by dental professionals or in school settings, fluoride supplements compared with placebo or no intervention were associated with decreased change from baseline in the number of decayed, missing, or filled permanent teeth (DMFT index) or decayed or filled permanent teeth (DFT index) (mean difference, −0.73 [95% CI, −1.30 to −0.19]) at 1.5 to 3 years (6 trials; n = 1395). Fluoride gels were associated with a DMFT- or DFT-prevented fraction of 0.18 (95% CI, 0.09-0.27) at outcomes closest to 3 years (4 trials; n = 1525), fluoride varnish was associated with a DMFT- or DFT-prevented fraction of 0.44 (95% CI, 0.11-0.76) at 1 to 4.5 years (5 trials; n = 3902), and resin-based sealants were associated with decreased risk of carious first molars (odds ratio, 0.21 [95% CI, 0.16-0.28]) at 48 to 54 months (4 trials; n = 440). No trial evaluated primary care counseling or dental referral. Evidence on screening accuracy, silver diamine fluoride, xylitol, and harms was very limited, although serious harms were not reported.Conclusions and RelevanceAdministration of fluoride supplements, fluoride gels, varnish, and sealants in dental or school settings improved caries outcomes. Research is needed on the effectiveness of oral health preventive interventions in primary care settings and to determine the benefits and harms of screening.
Screening and Preventive Interventions for Oral Health in Children and Adolescents Aged 5 to 17 Years
Authors:   US Preventive Services Task Force, Barry Michael J. , Nicholson Wanda K. , Silverstein Michael , Chelmow David , Coker Tumaini Rucker , Davis Esa M. , Donahue Katrina E. , Jaén Carlos Roberto , Li Li , Ogedegbe Gbenga , Pbert Lori , Rao Goutham , Ruiz John M. , Stevermer James , Tsevat Joel , Underwood Sandra Millon , Wong John B. 
Published: November 2023

ImportanceOral health is fundamental to health and well-being across the lifespan. Oral health conditions affect the daily lives of school-age children and adolescents, leading to loss of more than 51 million school hours every year. Untreated oral health conditions in children can lead to serious infections and affect growth, development, and quality of life.ObjectiveThe US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) commissioned a systematic review to evaluate screening and preventive interventions for oral health conditions in children and adolescents aged 5 to 17 years.PopulationAsymptomatic children and adolescents aged 5 to 17 years.Evidence AssessmentThe USPSTF concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of screening for oral health conditions (eg, dental caries) performed by primary care clinicians in asymptomatic children and adolescents aged 5 to 17 years. The USPSTF concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of preventive interventions for oral health conditions (eg, dental caries) performed by primary care clinicians in asymptomatic children and adolescents aged 5 to 17 years.RecommendationsThe USPSTF concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of routine screening performed by primary care clinicians for oral health conditions, including dental caries, in children and adolescents aged 5 to 17 years. (I statement) The USPSTF concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of preventive interventions performed by primary care clinicians for oral health conditions, including dental caries, in children and adolescents aged 5 to 17 years. (I statement)
General Formation of Interfacial Assembled Hierarchical Micro‐Nano Arrays for Biomass Upgrading‐Coupled Hydrogen Production
Authors: Wu Jia , Zhai Zhixiang , Yin Shibin , Wang Shuangyin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractConstruction of efficient catalysts to couple biomass upgrading with hydrogen production is significant for improving energy efficiency, which remains a challenge. Herein, a general method for manufacturing 3D hierarchical micro‐nano arrays consisting of template framework and nanoparticle‐decorated nanosheets is reported. This strategy provides an opportunity to controllably tailor the interfacial assembly of nanosheets on precursor template materials. The obtained Co@NiMoO‐Ni/NF exhibits enhanced electrocatalytic performance for biomass oxidation and hydrogen production. It only needs 1.21 V to achieve 10 mA cm−2 for 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural electrooxidation reaction (HMFOR) assisted H2 evolution reaction (HER). The good catalytic performance is ascribed to the intense interaction between template (Co) and nanoparticle‐decorated nanosheets (NiMoO‐Ni), which tunes the electron structure of the catalyst to optimize the adsorption behavior of HMFOR/HER intermediates and promote the bonds breakage of key intermediates in the HMFOR/HER process. This work thus provides a strategy for designing ideal catalysts for biomass upgrading‐coupled H2 production.