bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and evaluation of [18F]fluoroethyl SA4503 as a PET ligand for the sigma receptor
Authors: Elsinga P.H. , Kawamura K. , Kobayashi T. , Tsukada H. , Senda M. , Vaalburg W. , Ishiwata K. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe sigma receptor might be involved in several diseases in the central nervous system. It occurs in the endocrine, immune, and other peripheral organ systems and is expressed in a variety of human tumors. The [18F]fluoroethyl analog of the sigma1‐selective ligand SA4503 ([18F]FE‐SA4503) was prepared and evaluated in animals to investigate its suitability for in vivo measurement of sigma receptors with positron emission tomography (PET). [18F]FE‐SA4503 was synthesized by [18F]fluoroethylation of the corresponding O‐demethyl precursor in an overall radiochemical yield of 4–7% (EOB) with a specific activity of >100 TBq/mmol. The radioligand had higher in vitro affinity for the sigma receptor than SA4503 (IC50 sigma1 6.48 nM, IC50 sigma2 2.11 nM). [18F]FE‐SA4503 was injected into mice. Uptake could be blocked by co‐injection of the sigma receptor ligands haloperidol, pentazocine, and cold SA4503, but not with other receptor ligands. Ex vivo autoradiography studies in rats showed regional distribution in the brain similar to [11C]SA4503. Hippocampus, thalamus, and cortical areas were clearly delineated by [18F]FE‐SA4503. The uptake was blocked by SA4503 treatment. In the rat brain, only a small portion of metabolites (6.6% of brain radioactivity) was detected at 30 min postinjection, whereas in plasma the fraction of metabolites amounted to 51.3% of plasma radioactivity. The kinetics of [18F]FE‐SA4503 was measured with PET in the conscious monkey brain. High uptake values were found in the cortex, thalamus, cerebellum, and striatum, reaching a plateau value at 30 min postinjection. It is concluded that [18F]FE‐SA4503 showed specific binding to sigma receptors in three animal species. Synapse 43:259–267, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inhibition of morphine withdrawal by the NMDA receptor antagonist MK‐801 in rat is age‐dependent
Authors: Zhu Hongbo , Barr Gordon A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of the NMDA receptor antagonist MK‐801 on the development of morphine dependence in 7‐, 14‐, and 21‐day‐old rat pups. For 6.5 days, starting at 1, 8, or 15 days of age, rats were pretreated with MK‐801 (0.03 or 0.1 mg/kg, bid) or saline; 15 min later, morphine sulfate (10 mg/kg) or saline was injected to induce opiate dependence. On the afternoon of the seventh day, pups were injected with MK‐801 (0.1 mg/kg) or saline and 15 min later with naltrexone (1 mg/kg) to precipitate withdrawal. Pups were then placed in a warm chamber with the litter and their behavior scan‐sampled every 15 sec for a total of 15 min. MK‐801 failed to inhibit morphine withdrawal in the 7‐day‐old rat, but did attenuate the development of morphine dependence in both the 14‐ and 21‐day‐old rats. These results suggest that the NMDA receptor is not functionally active in opiate withdrawal until around the second to third week of postnatal life in the rat and that there exists a transition period for the NMDA receptor to play a role in the development of opiate dependence and withdrawal. Synapse 40:282–293, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
CMMISM transition experiences from an integrated product and process development (IPPD) perspective
Authors: Schwomeyer Warren A. , Barner Deborah J. , Gundrum Valerie , McCray Wilmon , Vogel John R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractLockheed Martin Systems Integration‐Owego (hereafter referred to as Owego) formalized implementation of Integrated Product and Process Development (IPPD) in 1994 with the issuance of a policy requiring use of concurrent engineering on every program over $5 million. Since that date, the organization has focused on improving and institutionalizing integrated processes, integrated teams, and integrated tools. Beginning in June 2000, Owego initiated its transition to CMM®IntegrationSM(CMMISM) using the CMMISM‐SE/SW V1.0 model. Transition efforts expanded to include the CMMISM‐SE/SW/IPPD V1.02 model with its release in late 2000. In May 2001, Owego conducted a Standard CMMISM Assessment for Process Improvement (SCAMPISM) as part of the CMMISM Phase II Pilot Program. This paper will detail Owego's journey in deploying IPPD and experiences in transitioning from the Software Capability Maturity Model®(SW−CMM®) and the Systems Engineering Capability Model, Electronics Industries Alliance Interim Standard 731 (EIA/IS‐731) to CMMISM. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Syst Eng 5: 41–51, 2002; DOI 10.1002/sys.10005
Development of a systems engineering training plan at the U.S. Navy's coastal systems station
Authors: Petee Danny A. , Componation Paul J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDoD, through acquisition, reform has pushed its R&D laboratories to change their approach to defense system development. Systems engineering methods and practices have become critical to the laboratories' near‐term success and long‐term survival. This study reports on the efforts of one such U.S. Navy R&D laboratory, the Coastal Systems Station (CSS), to improve its systems engineering capability by developing a comprehensive systems engineering training plan. The plan was developed by first performed an assessment of its systems engineering processes and knowledge. Then, CSS developed a systems engineering training plan to address the near‐term needs of its practicing and upcoming systems engineers. A multi‐criteria decision analysis tool, the Brown‐Gibson model, was used in the training selection process. Recommended training included an overview course and other in‐depth, topic‐specific courses as needed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Eng 5: 156–163, 2002
Principles and guidelines for project risk management
Authors: Pennock Michael J. , Haimes Yacov Y. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe increasing size and complexity of acquisition and development projects in both the public and private sectors has begun to exceed the capabilities of traditional management techniques to control them. This situation had led cost overrun, late delivery, and performance shortfalls to become commonplace. One way to contain these adverse consequences of complexity is through the principled application of risk management. This paper presents a general discussion of the concepts involved in conducting project risk management, which is in large part based on tools and methods currently employed by the authors. While some of these tools and methods are from previously published work, this paper presents them in an integrated methodology and introduces some recent modifications and improvements unpublished heretofore in the literature. Central to these new modifications is an improved method of risk tracking, the objective of which is to monitor risks continuously and to contain them before they get out of hand. The methodology presented in this paper covers risk identification, risk filtration, risk assessment, risk management, and risk tracking for large scale socio‐technological systems such as acquisition or development projects. The emphasis is on the use of ratio scales for risk tracking and avoiding the pitfalls of algebraic operations on ordinal scales for risk filtration. The described methodology is demonstrated via an example involving aircraft development, and there is a discussion of the lessons learned from the application of risk tracking to a government acquisition project. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Eng 5: 89–108, 2002
A simple statistic for use with capability maturity models®
Authors: Alessi Sam 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCapability Maturity Models® (CMM®) and appraisals generally use subjective and graphical means to determine maturity levels and to detect differences among groups of employees. The addition of simple statistical tests can increase the formality and objectivity of the CMM® appraisal and foster greater comparison among industries and project groups. Proportion tests are proposed as a type of analysis that will provide formal tests for achievement of maturity level. Six simulated data sets were created that have the same structure as the EIA‐731 standard. Binomial probabilities were selected to approximate a level 1, 3, and 5 maturity type of organizations. In all cases, a greater probability of a “yes” response increased as employee seniority increased. Results show that proportion tests became nonsignificant at the maturity level expected and therefore can be used to detect achievement of maturity level. It is concluded that this simple statistical test can help increase the formality of the CMM approach and can be easily implemented by appraisal teams. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.[† This article is a U.S. Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.] Syst Eng 5: 242–252, 2002
Investigation of genetic susceptibility to non‐small cell lung cancer by fragile site expression
Authors: Tunca Berrin , Cecener Gulsah , Gebitekin Cengiz , Egeli Unal , Ediz Bulent , Ercan Ilker 
Published: August 2002

AbstractFragile sites are non‐staining gaps and breaks in specific points of chromosomes that are inducible by various culture conditions. Previous studies have shown that various clastogenic agents increase expression of fragile sites. In this study, the expression of common fragile sites induced by aphidicolin was evaluated on prometaphase chromosomes obtained from peripheral blood lymphocytes. Chromosomal aberrations and fragile site expression of 60 individuals, including 20 patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), 20 of their clinically healthy family members, and 20 age‐matched normal healthy controls without history of any cancer type were studied. Both the proportion of damaged cells (P < 0.001) and the mean number of gaps and breaks per cell (P < 0.001) were significantly higher in both the patients and relatives’ groups when compared with the control group. However, they were insignificant when the patients were compared to their relatives (P > 0.05). We determined four aphidicolin type common fragile sites in our study. These sites in patients with NSCLC and relatives were the following: 1p21, 2q33, 3p14, and 16q23. In these fragile sites, 2q33, 3p14, and 16q23 sites were statistically significant when compared with control group (P < 0.001, P < 0.0005, and P < 0.05, respectively ). Consequently, we believe that fragile site studies may be helpful to detection of cancer risk. Teratogenesis Carcinog. Mutagen. 22:205–215, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Re: Diabetes teratogenicity in mice is accompanied with distorted expression of TGF‐β2 in the uterus. Fein et al. 2001;22:59–71.
Authors: Kalter Harold 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTo the Editor: In my latter days (I'm being falsely modest of course), I am resorting to writing persnickety reviews and not surprisingly being ignored, misquoted or misunderstood. I think the last is worst. An example of which occurs in the article by Fein et al., [1] in Teratogenesis, Carcinogenesis and Mutagenesis. This arcane missive gets it wrong from the first sentence of the abstract, where the assertion is made that early embryonic death and malformations are among "the complications" of diabetic pregnancy. Whether inadvertantly or otherwise it is unstated whether this asservation refers to humans or to other animals.
Re: Diabetes teratogenicity in mice is accompanied with distorted expression of TGF‐β2 in the uterus. Fein et al. 2001;22:59–71. Response to H. Kalter.
Authors: Fein A. , Magid N. , Carp H. , Toder V. , Torchinsky A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTo the Editor:Dr. Kalter claims that our assertion "Early embryonic deaths as well as malformed newborns are among complications of the diabetic pregnancy" [1] is wrong, both if it refers to humans or animals. While respecting Dr. Kalter's opinion that, neither experimental nor epidemiological studies prove the teratogenicity of maternal diabetes, we cannot agree.
Stereospecificity for the hydrogen transfer of pyridoxal enzyme reactions
Authors: Soda Kenji , Yoshimura Tohru , Esaki Nobuyoshi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe have studied the stereospecificities of various pyridoxal 5′‐phosphate dependent enzymes for the hydrogen transfer between the C‐4′ of a bound coenzyme and the C‐2 of a substrate in the transamination catalyzed by the enzymes. Prior to our studies, pyridoxal enzymes so far studied were reported to catalyze the hydrogen transfer only on the si‐face of the planar imine intermediate formed from substrate and coenzyme. This finding had been considered as the evidence that pyridoxal enzymes have evolved divergently from a common ancestral protein, because identity in the stereospecificity reflects the similarity in the active‐site structure, in particular in the geometrical relationship between the coenzyme and the active site base participating in the hydrogen transfer. However, we found that d‐amino acid aminotransferase, branched‐chain l‐amino acid aminotransferase, and 4‐amino‐4‐deoxychorismate lyase catalyze the re‐face specific hydrogen transfer, and that amino acid racemases catalyze the nonstereospecific hydrogen transfer. These findings suggest the convergent evolution of pyridoxal enzymes. Crystallographical studies have shown that the stereospecificity reflects the active‐site structure of the enzymes, and that the enzymes with the same fold exhibit the same stereospecificity. The active site structure with the catalytic base being situated on the specific face of the cofactor has been conserved during the evolution among the pyridoxal enzymes of the same family. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and The Japan Chemical Journal Forum Chem Rec 1:373–384, 2001
Complete mutation analysis panel of the 39 human HOX genes
Authors: Kosaki Kenjiro , Kosaki Rika , Suzuki Taichi , Yoshihashi Hiroshi , Takahashi Takao , Sasaki Katsumi , Tomita Masaru , McGinnis William , Matsuo Nobutake 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundThe HOX gene family consists of highly conserved transcription factors that specify the identity of the body segments along the anteroposterior axis of the embryo. Because the phenotypes of mice with targeted disruptions of Hox genes resemble some patterns of human malformations, mutations in HOX genes have been expected to be associated with a significant number of human malformations. Thus far, however, mutations have been documented in only three of the 39 human HOX genes (HOXD13, HOXA13, and HOXA11) partly because current knowledge on the complete coding sequence and genome structure is limited to only 20 of the 39 human HOX genes.MethodsTaking advantage of the human and mouse draft genome sequences, we attempted to characterize the remaining 19 human HOX genes by bioinformatic analysis including phylogenetic footprinting, the probabilistic prediction method, and comparison of genomic sequences with the complete set of the human anonymous cDNA sequences.ResultsWe were able to determine the full coding sequences of 19 HOX genes and their genome structure and successfully designed a complete set of PCR primers to amplify the entire coding region of each of the 39 HOX genes from genomic DNA.ConclusionsOur results indicate the usefulness of bioinformatic analysis of the draft genome sequences for clinically oriented research projects. It is hoped that the mutation panel provided here will serve as a launchpad for a new discourse on the genetic basis of human malformations. Teratology 65:50–62, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Design and development of an Internet registry for congenital heart defects
Authors: Mitri Wajeeh , Sandridge Amy L. , Subhani Shazia , Greer William 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundCongenital Heart Defects (CHD) are conditions that encompass more than 50 diagnoses and are due to developmental abnormalities early in fetal life. The King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia treats approximately 100 new cases per month. We recently developed a new CHD Registry that captures, stores and processes our data via the Internet.MethodsThe Registry was developed using Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), Microsoft Active Server Pages and Microsoft Structured Query Language (SQL).ResultsDetails of CHD cases are captured in a World Wide Web (WWW) Registry, permitting any browser‐enabled PC or Mac to participate fully in all registry functions, including data‐entry, viewing, editing, searching, reporting, validating, charting, and exporting data subsets to statistics packages. It includes “administrative” features and an active security system. The paper forms have been designed to reflect the “look and feel” of the Web pages. Automatic validation procedures are also included.ConclusionsOur Registry has been in operation for 3 years. It serves 10 PCs and contains more than 3,000 registered cases of CHD. It is the first CHD Registry to be fully functional on the Internet. It is also the first dedicated CHD registry, and the first to routinely report on the full spectrum of CHD diagnoses. The WWW offers several logistical advantages to disease registries, especially those that represent large regions. It also offers the possibility of sharing resources between registries, facilitating the aggregation and analysis of disease data on a world‐wide scale. This is useful for rare diseases such as CHD (see
http://rc.kfshrc.edu.sa/chdr/demo/). Teratology 65:78–87, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tolbutamide alters glucose transport and metabolism in the embryonic mouse heart
Authors: Smoak Ida W. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundTolbutamide is a sulfonylurea oral hypoglycemic agent widely used for the treatment of non insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus. Tolbutamide produces dysmorphogenesis in rodent embryos and becomes concentrated in the embryonic heart after maternal oral dosing. Tolbutamide increases glucose metabolism in extra‐pancreatic adult tissues, but this has not previously been examined in embryonic heart.MethodsCD‐1 mouse embryos were exposed on GD 9.5 to tolbutamide (0, 100, 250, or 500 μg/ml) for 6, 12, or 24 hr in whole‐embryo culture. Isolated hearts were evaluated for 3H‐2DG uptake and conversion of 14C‐glucose to 14C‐lactate. Glut‐1, HKI, and GRP78 protein levels were determined by Western analysis, and Glut‐1 mRNA was measured by RT‐PCR.ResultsCardiac 3H‐2DG uptake increased after exposure to 500 μg/ml tolbutamide for 6 hr, and 100, 250, or 500 μg/ml tolbutamide for 24 hr, compared to controls. Glycolysis increased after exposure to 500 μg/ml tolbutamide for 6 or 24 hr compared to controls. Glut‐1 protein levels increased in hearts exposed to 500 μg/ml tolbutamide for 12 or 24 hr, and Glut‐1 mRNA increased in hearts exposed to 500 μg/ml tolbutamide for 24 hr compared to controls. HKI protein levels increased in hearts exposed to 500 μg/ml tolbutamide for 6 hr, but not 12 or 24 hr. There was no effect on GRP78 protein levels in hearts exposed to tolbutamide for 6, 12, or 24 hr.ConclusionsTolbutamide stimulates glucose uptake and metabolism in the embryonic heart, as occurs in adult extra‐pancreatic tissues. Glut‐1 and HKI, but not GRP78, are likely involved in tolbutamide‐induced cardiac dysmorphogenesis. Teratology 65:19–25, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Exchange Rate Exposures and Strategies of Industrial Companies: An Empirical Study
Authors: Aabo Tom 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis article investigates empirically the potential and actual exchange rate exposure strategies of industrial companies in relation to identifying and quantifying the neutral financial positions in an optimal hedging strategy. A stock market approach as a potential remedy is analyzed but found to be statistically troublesome and fundamentally flawed. Part of the diversity in actual strategies found in this article reflects different competitive environments, while another part indicates that the companies have not yet reached a systematic risk management of ongoing competitive exposures. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Purposeful Unintended Consequences with Innovative Derivatives
Authors: Smoller Margaret Monroe , Osborn Richard , Price Kelly 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe suggest that the use of traditional market, outcome, and process controls for innovative derivatives trading may not provide adequate safeguards for clients, investors, or the entire financial system to control “purposeful unintended consequences.” We propose a more cautious examination of this aspect of the financial system using a combination of perspectives from finance and technology/innovation management. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Comparison of 35 electronic databases for environmental risk assessment
Authors: Guerbet M. , Guyodo G. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe objective of this work is to classify and evaluate the major factual electronic databases that could be efficiently questioned for environmental risk assessment of various chemicals. A series of 35 databases available on commercial CD‐ROMs and/or freely accessible on the Internet were listed and compared for the presence or absence of information for 27 environmental criteria. A factorial correspondence analysis indicated that most of the 35 databases are specialized in physicochemical, toxicological or ecotoxicological data but a few of them are nonspecialized databases able to answer simultaneously in various areas. We then evaluated these 35 databases by querying them for 14 selected test chemicals. It appeared that the percentage of chemicals being listed in the databases was very unequal and none of the 35 databases obtained 14 positive responses. The quality of the responses was determined by calculating the number of criteria being documented for the previously listed chemicals in each database. It suggested that HSDB, DOSE, TOMES, IPCS are the most efficient databases to be used for an urgent search of environmental data. © 2002 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 17: 7–13, 2002
Effect of cadmium on reproduction of daphnids in a small aquatic microcosm
Authors: Janati‐Idrissi M. , Guerbet M. , Jouany J. M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractChlorella vulgaris colonies were grown as nutrient agar for one week, followed by addition of Daphnia magna in overlying water for a second week. A range of concentrations of cadmium were added to the Chlorella or to the Chlorella followed by higher cadmium concentrations in the overlying fluid. A dose‐dependent reduction in reproduction was observed with increased cadmium. When parent daphnids were first exposed to a lower cadmium concentration, and their offspring of preconditioned juvenile daphnids then exposed to a higher concentration, cadmium tolerance in new‐born daphnids was observed. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Environ Toxicol 16: 361–364, 2001
Driftless gas proportional scintillation counter pulse analysis using digital processing techniques
Authors: Simões P. C. P. S. , dos Santos J. M. F. , Conde C. A. N. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA driftless gas proportional scintillation counter (GPSC) of simple design, using digital pulse‐signature analysis, is described. The digital pulse acquisition and processing techniques are shown to be a simple and effective method to determine pulse time duration and to perform pulse amplitude correction in driftless GPSCs. This technique allows the application of driftless GPSCs to x‐ray spectrometry up to 60 keV. Although the pulse throughput achieved by the digital pulse‐height analyser in this application is limited to about 2 kHz, total interaction rates above 20 kHz can be tolerated by the detector without significant degradation of the pulse‐height distributions obtained. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.