bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gorillas on a boat: Inattentional blindness during supervisory control of autonomous vessels
Authors: Veitch Erik , Alsos Ole Andreas 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When focused on a task, unexpected visual stimuli can go by unnoticed. Inattentional blindness may be problematic for supervisory controllers of autonomous vessels, because this role specifically relies on identifying unexpected stimuli in case intervention is needed. In a simulation-based experiment (n=32), we show that 50% of participants did not perceive an unexpected visual stimulus (a gorilla passenger) when assigned the task of supervisory controller for an autonomous ferry. Additionally, eye-tracking showed that 12 of the 16 players who did not report the gorilla in fact gazed directly at it. Results also showed no correlation to skillset (gamer or navigator) nor to vigilance (5- or 30-minute scenarios); they did, however, show positive correlation to multitasking (1 or 3 supervised vessels). We discuss implications for designing work tasks for supervisory control of remotely operated and autonomous vessels.
Rotor and wake aerodynamic analysis of the Hybrid-Lambda concept - an offshore low-specific-rating rotor concept
Authors: Ribnitzky Daniel , Bortolotti Pietro , Branlard Emmanuel , Kühn Martin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The low-specific-rating rotor concept Hybrid-Lambda introduces a blade design with nonuniform distribution of design variables (design tip speed ratio and axial induction) along the blade span to alleviate loads of the outboard section in strong winds. In this paper, we validate aerodynamic design calculations, which were carried out with the blade element momentum theory by comparing the results to free vortex wake investigations (FVW). Furthermore, we investigate the wake behaviour with FVW and large-eddy simulations. The results show good agreements between the blade element momentum theory and FVW for integrated rotor quantities (power and thrust). Small deviations are present when the gradients of axial induction along the span are large. The wake of the Hybrid-Lambda Rotor shows advantages in the near-wake region (up to 4 diameters [D] downstream), especially in the outer wake annulus and in low turbulence scenarios. For further downstream positions, the wake is comparable to that of the reference turbine.
Design and Simulation study of 40 MW PM Generator for the CRAFT
Authors: Simonsson Izabella , Eriksson Sandra , Bernhoff Hans 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Design studies of two counter rotating permanent magnet (PM) synchronous generators have been performed. The two 40 MW generators have been designed and compared for the Counter Rotating Axis Floating Turbine (CRAFT) with different air-gap diameters. The generators are modelled with validated full physics finite element method (FEM) which also includes dynamic simulations. The simulations are performed by using an electromagnetic model. The model is described by combined field and circuit equations and is solved in a finite element environment. The stator winding of the generators consists of circular cables and the rotor consists of buried ferrite PM. The generator with smaller air-gap diameter will have lower material costs due to smaller frame but higher due to use of more active materials. A comparison of the counter rotating generators with a traditional direct drive has also been performed by maintaining the same voltage but reducing the rotational speed by half. This shows that a generator with a higher rotational speed will have lower material costs due to smaller dimensions and lower weight. Furthermore, a design variation, to reduce the cogging and harmonic content of the voltage by changing the pole shoe, was analyzed. In conclusions, a 40 MW generator design for the CRAFT has successfully been simulated with a multi-physics-FEM. The advantages of using a counter-rotating generator has been established.
Technical modeling challenges for large idling wind turbines
Authors: Bangga Galih , Carrion Marina , Collier William , Parkinson Steven 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This paper presents comprehensive investigations into idling instability occurring on the IEA 15 MW reference turbine. The systematic studies are carried out by means of Blade Element Momentum (BEM) and free wake vortex (Vortexline) methods. Two state-of-the-art dynamic stall models are tested in the present investigations, namely the Beddoes-Leishman and the IAG dynamic stall models, implemented into a development version of the wind turbine design code Bladed. The studies highlight the importance of unsteady aerodynamic modeling to predict idling instabilities and emphasize the characteristics of each modeling strategy. It is demonstrated that the IAG dynamic stall model predicts a more physically reasonable idling instabilities. Furthermore, Vortexline enables the calculations of the induced velocities even under idling conditions in contrast to BEM. The combination of the Vortexline method and the IAG model is considered to provide the most reasonable turbine response. The studies will be helpful for load engineers to select appropriate modeling strategies and shed some light into future engineering modeling improvements of wind turbines.
Nonlinear modelling of shared mooring concepts for floating offshore wind turbines
Authors: Pan Qi , Guo Feng , Lüdecke Fiona D. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Shared mooring has been proposed as one of the innovative technologies to reduce mooring and anchoring expenses for floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs). Despite cost saving benefits, shared moorings introduce more complexity for the connected FOWTs than the conventional moorings. In this paper, we propose a nonlinear modelling approach for mooring configurations in Simpack and investigate the impact of a shared line mooring configuration on floater motions and mooring tensions of two connected FOWTs. First, we validate the nonlinear mooring modelling method through a comparison between OpenFAST and Simpack simulations of a 15-MW semi-submersible FOWT. Second, two 15-MW FOWTs with a shared mooring line configuration are further analyzed in Simpack to investigate the shared mooring impact. Different performances of the wind-wave loaded and unloaded FOWTs in two cases reflects the importance of considering nonlinear mooring stiffness in the modelling approach. By comparing the simulation results of two FOWTs using shared moorings and the single FOWT using conventional moorings, we identify the challenges of applying a shared mooring configuration that the surge displacements of the connected FOWTs increase significantly.
Efficient Mann turbulence generation for offshore wind farms with applications in fatigue load surrogate modelling
Authors: Liew Jaime , Riva Riccardo , Göçmen Tuhfe 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Surrogate models are vital for offshore wind farm optimisation, or digital twin for rapid execution. Reliable surrogates are difficult to make, especially for large wind farms and for fatigue loads. One limitation is the high resolution of turbulence needed for fatigue calculations and the vast size of a wind farm. We present code optimisations for implementing the Mann model for farm-sized flows, which are infeasible otherwise. Additionally, we present a case study of a full load surrogate for the Lillgrund offshore wind farm using large turbulence box generation in aeroelastic wind farm simulations using HAWC2Farm. Various mappings between the wind field in front of a turbine and the corresponding turbine structural fatigue loads are presented. The best-performing surrogate model, using a proper orthogonal decomposition of the input space with an artificial neural network, is able to significantly reduce the error in fatigue load estimates by as much as a factor of 5 compared to conventional methods. The presented recommendations are crucial to generating reliable wind farm load surrogates for wind farm optimisation purposes.
Comparative assessment of actuator-Line modeling of FOWT rotor aerodynamics to wind tunnel experiments
Authors: Sanvito Andrea G , Persico Giacomo , Schito Paolo , Dossena Vincenzo , Zasso Alberto 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The paper presents aerodynamic analyses of the scaled DTU 10MW laboratory model with surge and pitch platform motion in controlled environment applying an Actuator Line Method (ALM) to reproduce the experiments conducted in the large-scale Wind Tunnel of the Politecnico di Milano during UNAFLOW and OC6 Phase III test campaigns. The Effective Velocity Method (EVM) is implemented in the in-house ALM solver to sample the velocity at actuator points and determine the angle of attack. Fixed-bottom wind turbine URANS simulations reveal that thrust and torque deviations are within 3% and 5% respectively to experimental counterparts. Platform surge and pitch are simulated with ALM adopting a combination of motion frequencies and amplitudes finding a good agreement with experimental counterparts both in terms of loads and wake quantities. This paper also shows the capability of in-house ALM to model control strategies, imposing sinusoidal variation of blade collective pitch, which might generate dynamic inflow conditions. An in-depth cross comparison is conducted on FOWT wake quantities to investigate the flow behaviour and wake recovery induced by floating motion.
Towards a comprehensive understanding and assessment of Offshore Energy Hubs with a hydrogen focus: An evolutionary perspective
Authors: Petersen M , Andreae E , You S , Mortensen H B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Climate change has necessitated the reduction of CO2 emissions, particularly in hard-to-abate sectors. Offshore Energy Hubs (OEHs), powered by renewable sources, have been proposed as a potential solution for renewable build-out and cross-sectoral integration. This paper presents a comprehensive literature review examining the technical concept and assessment mechanisms of OEHs from multiple perspectives, including chronological, design, and assessment principles. The review reveals a shift in the technical concept and evaluation assessments, evolving from cost-driven to economically driven, with a trend towards harmonized assessments that incorporate both economic and societal values, such as environmental impact. The importance of societal assessments is emphasized, addressing a research gap, where further investigation is needed for a successful implementation of future large-scale OEH projects. The paper highlights the need to develop comprehensive and inclusive evaluation frameworks to ensure the sustainable implementation of OEHs for the ongoing energy transition.
Mitigation measures for preventing collision of birds with wind turbines
Authors: Garcia-Rosa Paula B. , Tande John Olav G. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Bird collisions with wind turbines is one of the major environmental impacts of wind energy. To decrease the number of avian fatalities in wind farms, several studies have been done to understand, evaluate and apply measures that reduce the risks of collisions. Overall, mitigation measures during the operational phase of wind farms are based on either active or passive procedures, depending on the need (or not) for an external source to trigger an action for preventing a possible collision. The aim of this work is firstly to provide an overview of mitigation measures that have been demonstrated in-situ, including the overall procedures of the tests, results, as well as advantages and disadvantages of the measures. Subsequently, a new patented control concept to avoid collisions (SKARV) is described. Four measures that have been tested at wind farms in Spain, Norway, and USA are summarized: habitat management and painting (passive measures), turbine curtailment and deterrents (active measures). Estimations from these tests indicate an average reduction of 33%-86% in annual bird fatality for specific targeted species. The SKARV concept is not yet tested, but may be a benign alternative.
The linear regression model to evaluate material moisture using reflectometric technique
Authors: Jastrzębska M , Futa A , Suchorab Z 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The paper presents the linear regression model of moisture detection technique in the building material (clinker brick). In particular, the assumptions of linear regression model, which play very important role, are emphasized. The obtained data present the dependence between the moisture of clinker brick, evaluated gravimetrically and permittivity values determined by TDR technique. Using the achieved data, the optimal regression model is obtained and the advantages of applying the linear regression model are discussed.
Viability of yeasts after exposure to flax-fiber based composite materials
Authors: Kobetičová K , Nábělková J , Brejcha V , Brich J , Böhm M , Černý R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the present study, the prepared bio-composite materials based on flax fibers containing caffeine or nano-copper (Cu) or corundum (Al2O3) as a potential biocidal substance were prepared and tested on their toxicity. Two viability tests were performed. Firstly, the screening test based on colouring by Methyl-blue was applied on yeast cells of strain Saccharomyces cerevisae. The number of cells density was observed under microscope and Methyl-blue was then added. Part of the cells coloured in blue and it indicated their death. For this reason, MTT viability assay was performed. The method is based on production of blue product formazan by yeasts after their metabolization of added initial substrate, 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-difenyltetrazolium bromide. The intensity of blue-coloured formazan was measured spectrophotometrically at 485 nm. The results indicated that the inhibition of yeasts was increased in the following rate: cu-samples (14-16 %) < flax sample without biocidal substances (21%) = pure flax (23 %) < caffeine-samples (up to 29 %) < corundum-samples (up to 35 %).
Some problems related to thermophysical properties of selected barrel steels
Authors: Koniorczyk P , Zielinski M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The paper discusses selected issues related to the thermophysical properties of selected barrel steels, which the authors have been dealing with over the last few years, i.e. 38HMJ (1.8509), 30HN2MFA, X37CrMoV5-l hot-work tool steel (1.2343), DUPLEX (1.4462) and MARAGING 350 (1.6355). In some of them, i.e. in the X37CrMoV5-1 hot work tool steel, 38HMJ, 30HN2MFA, a ferrite-austenite phase transition occurs, which causes shrinkage of the material. During a series of shots, multiple shrinkage of material degrades the barrel channel and deteriorates the ballistic parameters of the cannon barrel. Another problem concerns the apparent specific heat that we get from the DSC measurement and the dependence of the specific heat on temperature in the form that we use for the numerical simulations. The point is that the phase transition effect should not be taken into account twice, i.e. in the thermal diffusivity characteristics and in the specific heat characteristics. For all selected steels the thermophysical properties, i.e. thermal diffusivity, thermal conductivity, specific heat and thermal expansion, were obtained in a wide range of temperature, so they can be used as input data for numerical simulations.
Moisture transport in loose fibrous insulations subjected to air filtration
Authors: Kosiński Piotr , Startek Adam 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Fibrous insulations are susceptible to air filtration, which affects both heat loss and moisture transport in the materials. Each fibrous material has individual heat and mass transfer characteristics. This is due to the structure of the fibers, their connections, and their density. The authors performed tests of the air permeability of loose mineral wool and wood wool of different densities and moisture content levels. We are presenting a comparison of materials, and their transport characteristics depending on density and moisture content. Convective moisture flow caused by air filtration is different for mineral and wood wool. The difference in the form of accumulation of sorption moisture in the material affects its redistribution due to the flow of air.
Deconvolution of DSC peaks of high-temperature phases in an illite/smectite–CaCO3 mixture
Authors: Medved I , Kuruc M , Kovács T , Trník A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Heat flow curves measured in differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) may contain overlapping peaks corresponding to multiple-step processes. To analyze the individual steps in such a process, a deconvolution of the overlapping peaks into the individual peaks is necessary. Using the Frazer-Suzuki function to describe asymmetric peaks, we apply a nonlinear least squares analysis to perform the decomposition of heat flow curves measured for a mixture of an illite/smectite clay with 19.6 wt.% of CaCO3. The curves contain two overlapping peaks associated with the crystallizations of gehlenite and anorthite in the temperature interval from 900 °C to 1050 °C. Several versions of the decomposition analysis may be used, depending on the number of optimized parameters. These may range from four to all eight parameters (four for either peak). We applied the versions with seven and eight fitting parameters, yielding results that are in very good agreement with the experimental data.
Analysis of indoor air parameters in the occupied zone
Authors: Szekeres S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Since the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of occupants in many office buildings has decreased around the world, but the comfort parameters in the buildings had to be maintained. Various measures have been taken by the facilities to ensure that the people in the buildings are as protected and safe as possible. Put plexiglass sheets on the desks between the people as a physical barrier and arranged the desks to manage to keep a distance from each other. As a result of these measures, the existing air ventilation system may not be able to provide the designed condition. Analysis of the fresh air ratio was carried out with two different desk arrangements and examined the effect of barriers. As the HVAC systems contribute significantly towards the final energy consumption by buildings it is important to minimalize the level of ventilation. This study focused on the air volume flow, and the mean air velocity. Furthermore investigated the turbulence intensity in percentage as well as the drought rate and comfort levels according to standards. After analyzing the measurement results, various proposals for action have been established.
An abundant future for quagga mussels in deep European lakes
Authors: Kraemer Benjamin M , Boudet Salomé , Burlakova Lyubov E , Haltiner Linda , Ibelings Bas W , Karatayev Alexander Y , Karatayev Vadim A , Rossbacher Silvan , Stöckli Raphael , Straile Dietmar , Spaak Piet 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Quagga mussels have expanded their range across the northern hemisphere in recent decades owing to their dispersal abilities, prolific reproduction rates, and broad ecological tolerances. Their remarkable capacity to filter particulates from the water column has had profound effects on inland aquatic ecosystems. In the North American Great Lakes, quagga mussel populations have increased inexorably since the late 1980’s, but it remains unclear whether quagga mussels will follow a similar trajectory in Europe where they have appeared more recently. Here we apply knowledge from a long-term quagga population monitoring effort in the North American lakes to predict future quagga populations in deep European lakes, where quaggas are quickly becoming a conspicuous part of the underwater landscape. We predict that quagga mussel biomass in Lakes Biel, Constance, and Geneva may increase by a factor of 9–20 by 2045. Like in North America, this increase may be characterized by a shift to larger individuals and deeper depths as the population matures. If realized, this rapid expansion of quagga mussels would likely drive the largest aquatic ecosystem change in deep European lakes since the eutrophication period of the mid-20th century.
Optimal entanglement generation in GHZ-type states
Authors: Giovenale N , Hernandez-Martinez L , Majtey A P , Valdés-Hernández A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The entanglement production is key for many applications in the realm of quantum information, but so is the identification of processes that allow to create entanglement in a fast and sustained way. Most of the advances in this direction have been circumscribed to bipartite systems only, and the rate of entanglement in multipartite system has been much less explored. Here we contribute to the identification of processes that favor the fastest and sustained generation of tripartite entanglement in a class of 3-qubit GHZ-type states. By considering a three-party interaction Hamiltonian, we analyze the dynamics of the 3-tangle and the entanglement rate to identify the optimal local operations that supplement the Hamiltonian evolution in order to speed-up the generation of three-way entanglement, and to prevent its decay below a predetermined threshold value. The appropriate local operation that maximizes the speed at which a highly-entangled state is reached has the advantage of requiring access to only one of the qubits, yet depends on the actual state of the system. Other universal (state-independent) local operations are found that conform schemes to maintain a sufficiently high amount of 3-tangle. Our results expand our understanding of entanglement rates to multipartite systems, and offer guidance regarding the strategies that improve the efficiency in various quantum information processing tasks.
Investigating Airflow Patterns in the XYZ Passenger Ship’s Accommodation Room on the Potential for COVID-19 Exposure to Passengers
Authors: Ariani Betty , Febriyan  , Sholahudin Dimas , Ardan Nagra C , Oktaviani Marista , Hakim M.Hanifuddin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The pandemic condition due to the COVID-19 virus attack has affected all areas of life throughout the earth. Post-pandemic policies and new behaviors are one of the important efforts in getting life back to normal. The pandemic has triggered many technological innovations to be carried out as further mitigation and prevention efforts. In the shipping sector, the impact of shipping restrictions and the number of passengers is detrimental due to a decrease in productivity that affects the shipping and port business. Air exchange patterns and room design are important things to be conditioned to reduce the potential for virus exposure. This article presents an investigation of computational fluid dynamics in the accommodation space of the XYZ passenger ship and simulations of potential exposures in several scenarios of ventilation conditions. By simulating 12 models of ventilation conditions, two conditions of the ships being stationary and moving, and the influence of wind from outside. Layout redesign can be applied effectively in open ventilation conditions and has less exposed bench results compared to existing conditions with an effective percentage of 0.75% - 2.3%