bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can the Parker Solar Probe Detect a CME-flare Current Sheet?
Authors: Chen Yuhao , Liu Zhong , Chen Pengfei , Webb David F. , Hao Qi , Hu Jialiang , Cheng Guanchong , Mei Zhixing , Ye Jing , Wang Qian , Lin Jun 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A current sheet (CS) is the central structure in the disrupting magnetic configuration during solar eruptions. More than 90% of the free magnetic energy (the difference between the energy in the nonpotential magnetic field and that in the potential one) stored in the coronal magnetic field beforehand is converted into the heating and kinetic energy of the plasma, as well as accelerating charged particles, by magnetic reconnection occurring in the CS. However, the detailed physical properties and fine structures of the CS are still unknown, since there is no relevant information obtained via in situ detections. The Parker Solar Probe (PSP) may provide us with such information should it traverse a CS in an eruption. The perihelion of PSP’s final orbit is located at about 10 solar radii from the center of the Sun, so it can observe the CS at a very close distance, or even traverse the CS, which would provide us with a unique opportunity to look into the fine properties and structures of the CS, helping to reveal the detailed physics of large-scale reconnection that would have been impossible before. We evaluate the probability that PSP can traverse a CS, and examine the orbit of a PSP-like spacecraft that has the highest probability to traverse a CS.
Was it a Good War? Film, Memoir, and the Memory of the American Strategic Bombing Campaign
Authors: Edwards Sam 
Published: November 2023

Cet article examine comment les bombardements stratégiques américains durant la Seconde Guerre mondiale ont été décrits dans la propagande de guerre, dans les films d’après-guerre et dans les mémoires d’anciens combattants. Il identifie d’abord comment la campagne de bombardements – généralement considérée comme l’élément le plus controversé de la guerre menée par les Alliés en Europe – a été décrite pendant la guerre par les producteurs culturels (y compris les réalisateurs hollywoodiens) recrutés par les autorités de l’Armée de l’air, soucieux de cultiver une image positive de la guerre aérienne. Il attire ensuite l’attention sur la façon dont cette représentation a évolué dans le cinéma d’après-guerre et, plus tard, a été aussi réévaluée dans les mémoires écrits par des anciens combattants. Ce faisant, cette étude s’intéresse à un recueil de mémoires de vétérans rédigés dans les années 1980, 1990 et au début des années 2000, époque à laquelle l’idée de la Seconde Guerre mondiale comme « guerre juste » s’est fermement ancrée dans la culture américaine. L’article conclut que pour certains de ces vétérans, le discours commémoratif dominant était problématique, car sans rapport avec les tensions, ambiguïtés et, au fond, avec l’ambivalence traversant l’ensemble de leurs souvenirs. En devenant auteurs de récits autobiographiques, ces anciens combattants apportent ainsi une perspective importante sur les origines, les contours et les limites de la « guerre juste » américaine.
Confronting the “Good War”: The Policies of the Radical Left in the United States
Authors: Maheo Olivier 
Published: November 2023

Dans cet article, nous nous proposons de montrer que parmi les différents facteurs qui ont contribué aux représentations de la Seconde Guerre mondiale comme une « guerre juste », il faut prendre en compte la faiblesse de l’opposition politique à ce conflit. Nous voulons nous concentrer en particulier sur le rôle joué par la gauche marxiste étatsunienne. La politique du Parti communiste, rallié à l’effort de guerre, a été analysée par Maurice Isserman, mais la persistance d’une opposition à gauche, considérée comme marginale, a été moins documentée. Nous proposons de comprendre dans quelle mesure les petites organisations trotskistes ont pu profiter d’un espace politique laissé vacant par le CPUSA, en se faisant les porte-paroles du mécontentement des travailleurs et des revendications noires.
Effect of 4 Weeks of Scapular Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation on Scapular Alignment and Upper Extremity Motor Performance in Patients with Stroke: A Repeated Measure Design
Authors: Shaikh Salim B. , Ganvir Suvarna S. 
Published: November 2023

Context:
Stroke is the major cause for the impairments in adults, typically accompanying loss of motor function which leads to reduce the upper limb function and disturbance in scapular alignment.

Aim:
To study the effect of 4 weeks of Scapular Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation on scapular alignment and upper extremity motor performance in patients with Stroke at the intervals of 2 weeks and 4 weeks.

Settings and Design:
This Repeated Measure Design study conducted in physiotherapy OPD and IPD.

Methods and Material:
After getting the approval from the ethical committee of college, 27 participants diagnosed with stroke were screened according inclusion and exclusion criteria. Written consent were taken from the participants parents and the procedure of the study was explained to the patient. Subjects were assessed using Lateral Scapular Slide Test, Palpation Meter and Fugl Meyer Motor assessment at baseline, 2 weeks and then 4 weeks after the treatment. Scapular Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation was given in two diagonals with 20 repetitions.

Statistical Analysis Used:
The analysis was done using GraphPad Instat 3. For analysing the comparison between Baseline, 2 weeks and 4 weeks, the Repeated Measure ANOVA along with posthoc test was used.

Results:
At the end of 4 weeks, Scapular alignment and upper extremity motor performance shows significant improvement (p < 0.05).

Conclusions:
This study concludes that 4 weeks of Scapular Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Technique is effective intervention in improving scapular alignment and upper extremity motor performance in patients with stroke, with major improvement occurring in first 2 weeks. Hence, scapular PNF should be included in acute stage of stroke.
Fetal Renal Artery Doppler in Cases of Isolated Oligohydramnios: Can it Predict Adverse Neonatal Outcome?
Authors: Sarkar Krishnendu , Maurya Vinay , Ram Birma 
Published: November 2023

Aims and Objectives:
This study compares the fetal renal artery flow velocity waveforms of pregnancies complicated by oligohydramnios with normal pregnancies and to detect any statistically significant difference between the two Groups and to further determine the relationship of these findings with neonatal outcome.

Method:
All pregnant women in IIIrd trimester with gestational age between 32 weeks to 36 weeks with isolated oligohydramnios were included as cases (Group-A). Normal IIIrd trimester pregnancies (Group-B) with gestational age between 32 weeks to 36 weeks served as controls between the study period of Jan 2018 to Dec 2019.

Results:
The mean umbilical artery pulsatility index (PI; mean ± SD) in patients of Group-A was 1.0730 ± 0.0637 and that of patients in Group-B was 1.0012 ± 0.1400 with P = 0.0023. The mean umbilical artery S/D ratio (mean ± SD) in patients of Group-A, was 2.9120 ± 0.2476 and that of patients in Group-B was 2.5135 ± 0.2751 with P < 0.0001. The mean renal artery PI (mean ± SD) in patients of Group-A was 2.5863 ± 0.2608 and that of patients in Group-B was 2.4737 ± 0.2648 with P = 0.0240. The mean birth weight and Apgar Score were also found to be statistically significant between the two Groups.

Conclusion:
The distribution of mean renal artery PI and umbilical artery PI, in oligohydramnios cases, was higher in comparison to normal cases. As the Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission was higher in the oligohydramnios group with abnormal renal artery doppler indices, our recommendation is that abnormal fetal renal artery Doppler indices are an indication for early referral to tertiary care setup, as the majority of these neonates will require NICU care postdelivery.
Comparison of Dexmedetomidine and Fentanyl Infusion on Intraoperative Haemodynamic Changes in Neck Dissection
Authors: Dsouza Jesica M. , Gurumurthy Talwar , Achar Padubidri S. Balakrishna 
Published: November 2023

Background:
Perioperative and postoperative pain control, maintenance of hemodynamic stability, proper sedation, and awakening form an integral part of anaesthetic management in head and neck surgeries. Opioids such as fentanyl are widely used for analgesia in routine anaesthetic practice. Newer non-opioid drugs such as dexmedetomidine are being increasingly used to facilitate the recovery process after surgery because of their anaesthetic and analgesic sparing effects. In this study, we compare the efficacy of dexmedetomidine and fentanyl infusion on intraoperative hemodynamic changes in neck dissection.

Objectives:
The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy of dexmedetomidine and fentanyl on intraoperative hemodynamic changes in neck dissection.

Material and Methods:
60 male and female patients, ASA 1 and 2 aged 30–40 years scheduled for neck dissection surgeries under general anaesthesia were randomly allocated into two equal groups: Group D (n = 30) received a bolus dose of IV dexmedetomidine 1 μg/kg over 10 minutes before induction of anaesthesia and followed by infusion at the rate of 0.2 μg/kg/h during surgery. Group F (n = 30) received bolus dose of fentanyl 2 μg/kg before induction of anaesthesia and followed by infusion at the rate of 0.5 μg/kg/h during the surgery. General anaesthesia was induced in all patients using propofol and vecuronium. The following parameters were recorded: systolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure and heart rate before and after induction of anaesthesia and then every 15 minutes till the end of surgery.

Results:
The intraoperative systolic blood pressure, mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate were statistically significantly (P < 0.05) lower in dexmedetomidine group compared to fentanyl group. Two patients had bradycardia in dexmedetomidine group and were responded injection atropine.

Conclusion:
The intravenous dexmedetomidine infusion provides stable intraoperative haemodynamics compared to fentanyl in neck dissection surgeries.
Changements climatiques et évolution des écosystèmes autour du lac Fitri en zone sahélienne du Tchad
Authors: Keilar Aurélie Tobde , Djeko Magloire Dadoum , Yameogo Valérie Bougouma 
Published: November 2023

Au lac Fitri (Tchad), les impacts alarmants des changements climatiques exposent davantage les ressources naturelles à des difficultés majeures et à différentes échelles. L’objectif de cette étude était d’évaluer les impacts des changements climatiques sur les écosystèmes autour de ce lac. Une méthodologie basée sur l’analyse statistique des données climatologiques de 1982 à 2021 et une interprétation des images satellitaires corrélée des données d’enquête auprès des personnes ressources vivant autour du lac depuis plus de 50 ans. Les résultats ont montré des irrégularités spatio-temporelles pluviométriques, la réduction du nombre de jours pluvieux, l’augmentation des températures et du vent. Ce qui est l’une des causes de la baisse du niveau d’eau, de la dégradation du couvert végétal et des sols autour de ce cours d’eau. Des mesures endogènes telles que le maraîchage et autres cultures de contre-saison ainsi que l’arboriculture et la transhumance ont été développées à cet effet. Le dérèglement climatique dans cette zone d’étude a fait l’objet de plusieurs publications antérieures. Les changements climatiques ont véritablement contribué à la détérioration de l’ensemble des écosystèmes autour du lac Fitri au cours de ces dernières décennies. C’est un enjeu majeur pour les populations riveraines compte tenu de son importance actuelle.
In Lake Fitri (Chad), the alarming impacts of climate change are further exposing natural resources to major challenges at different scales. The objective of this study was to investigate the impacts of climate change on the ecosystems around this lake. A methodology based on statistical analysis of climate data from 1982 to 2021 and interpretation of satellite images correlated with survey data from resource persons living around the lake for more than 50 years. The results showed spatio-temporal rainfall irregularities, reduction in the number of rainy days, increased temperatures and wind. This is one of the causes of the decrease in water level, degradation of the vegetation cover and the soils around the river. Endogenous measures such as market gardening and other off-season crops as well as arboriculture and transhumance have been developed for this purpose. Climate change in this study area has been the subject of several previous publications. Climate change has indeed contributed to the deterioration of all ecosystems around Lake Fitri in recent decades. This is a major issue for the riparian populations given its current importance.
Utilisation of Artificial Intelligence-based Technology for Agricultural Extension Services among Extension Professionals in Nigeria
Authors: Deji Olanike Fasilat , Alabi Dorcas Lola , Famakinwa Michael , Faniyi Ebunoluwa Oyindamola 
Published: November 2023

The study examined the current awareness and usage, determined the level of utilisation of AI-based digital technology for agricultural extension services, and identified the merit and demerit of using AI-based digital technology for agricultural extension services. Data were collected through an online structured questionnaire from 131 extension professionals across Nigeria. Percentage and mean were used to describe and summarise the data. The findings revealed that 79.4% of the respondents were aware that AI-based digital technology can be used for agricultural extension services, while 55.7% reported that they had used the technology at one time or the other. About 45% of the respondents disseminated innovations and 34% demonstrated innovations and technologies through the use of AI-based digital technology. Also, 77.9% perceived reaching the target audience everywhere and every time as the major merit of AI- based digital technology while 71.8% identified high-cost implications of digital enablers as its major demerit. There was a high level of awareness but a low level of utilization of AI-based digital technology for agricultural extension services among agricultural extension professionals. On-the-job capacity building should be organized for the current professionals to promote the use of AIbased digital technology for agricultural extension services in Nigeria.
Dog-mediated rabies, an increasing threat to families in Kenema district: A call for action
Authors: Mustapha Edwin I. , Nicol G.P. , Kamara A. , Samba A.F. , Leigh M.H. 
Published: November 2023

On 5th December 2022, a stray dog attacked and bit five children, aged between 6 to 10 years in the same community in Kenema District. The children suffered multiple wounds on their bodies and were rushed to the hospital for treatment. The dog was killed, head decapitated and submitted to the Central Veterinary Laboratory/Teko, in Makeni, Bombali District, for confirmation of rabies. The sample was confirmed positive using a direct fluorescent antibody test. The victims of the dog attack were rushed to the Kenema Regional Hospital for treatment. Due to the high cost of the rabies post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) vaccine (rabies vaccine freeze-dried from Liaoning Cheng Da Biotechnology Company Limited (SPEEDA®)), the families could not afford the whole cost of treatment. The victims were only able to receive the first dose of post-exposure vaccination which cost Le 400 per dose (US$ 20.5 equivalent). Upon the intervention of the Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security, the children received the complete dose. This is just one among many unreported cases of exposure to dog-mediated rabies within the country.
Connecting Researchers and Clinicians Before Connecting the Injured Spinal Cord
Authors: Krisa Laura , Witoslawski Erica , Jones Linda , Mulcahey MJ , Fouad Karim 
Published: November 2023

Background
Translating research findings from animal models of spinal cord injury (SCI) to humans is a challenging enterprise. It is likely that differences in the use of common terms contribute to this.

Objectives
The purpose of this study was to identify how scientists and clinicians define terms used across the research and clinical care continuum.

Methods
We utilized the Delphi technique to develop consensus on the opinions of experts (defined as researchers and/or clinicians working in the field of SCI) through a series of structured, iterative surveys. A focus group of stakeholders developed the terms on the initial survey. Results were used to create definitions and formulate questions for a second and third survey.

Results
Survey 1 yielded one definition for eight terms and multiple definitions for six terms in addition to three new terms that respondents believed should be defined. In Survey 2, definitions for eight terms reached at least 80% agreement: anatomically complete spinal cord injury, functionally complete spinal cord injury, neuromodulation, physical exercise, physical rehabilitation, plasticity, task specificity, and training intensity. Consensus was not reached for six terms. In Survey 3, definitions for seven additional terms reached at least 80% agreement: recovery, repair, compensation, regeneration, physical function, physiological function, and chronic. There were three terms that did not reach agreement after the three rounds: acute, translational research, and sprouting.

Conclusion
We found that different terminology contributes to the gap between preclinical and clinical research and clinical application. This suggests that increased communication among different disciplines could be a way to advance the field.
Aplikasi Kaidah Lâ Dharara Wa Lâ Dhirâr Dalam Hukum Ekonomi Syariah
Authors: Agus Putra Panji Adam 
Published: November 2023

There are many legal issues that need to be resolved and answers found, one of which is in the field of muamalah and economic transactions. The scholars have carried out ijtihad in order to determine the legal status of an issue. In addition to the science of ushul fiqh, the science of fiqh rules is a device and tool used by Islamic jurists in carrying out ijtihad. With this rule of fiqh, it will make it easier for the scholars to carry out the process of discovering and establishing law. One of the principles of fiqh that is widely used by scholars in formulating laws is the principle of asahi which reads Lâ Dharar wa lâ Dhirâr, which means that one must not harm oneself and one cannot harm others. This rule has several branch rules. The purpose of this study is to explain the meaning of the principle of principle regarding the prohibition of doing harm and examine its application in sharia economic law activities. The results of the study show that the meaning of the Lâ Dharar wa lâ Dhirâr rule is the prohibition of harming oneself or others, both materially and spiritually. This rule has ten branch rules that can be applied in sharia economic law activities.
Keywords: Jurisprudence Rules, Keudaratan, Dharar wa Dhirâr, Sharia Economic Law
El populismo del siglo XXI y el liderazgo hegemónico. Caso de estudio: Bolivia con Evo Morales
Authors: Vargas Junco Angie Vanessa 
Published: November 2023

El propósito de este artículo es analizar el liderazgo de Evo Morales en Bolivia y cómo su estrategia populista le permitió mantener su posición e influencia en el país. Se destaca la implementación de políticas, como la nacionalización de recursos naturales y la independencia de la ayuda extranjera, a través de políticas como el impuesto directo a los hidrocarburos y los programas de bienestar social. Estas políticas tuvieron un impacto significativo en la economía y la sociedad bolivianas, y el artículo proporciona una visión detallada de cómo se implementan y cómo afectaron al país.

Además, se examina cómo el gobierno de Morales logró combinar el populismo con el liderazgo tradicional y el poder hegemónico, y cómo esto contribuyó a que Morales pudiera mantener su posición en el poder a pesar de las críticas y la oposición. Se destaca cómo Morales utilizó su estrategia populista para encarnar la representación de los grupos marginados y oprimidos, lo que le permitió mantener su posición e influencia en el país.
ĐẶC ĐIỂM CÁC NHÓM BỆNH SƠ SINH ĐIỀU TRỊ TẠI BỆNH VIỆN ĐA KHOA GIA LÂM GIAI ĐOẠN 2020 – 2022
Authors: Lê Quang Minh , Nguyễn Thị Quỳnh Nga 
Published: November 2023

Mục tiêu: Nghiên cứu nhằm mô tả đặc điểm các nhóm bệnh sơ sinh điều trị tại Bệnh viện đa khoa Gia Lâm. Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang được thực hiện từ tháng 1 năm 2020 đến tháng 12 năm 2022 trên 462 trẻ sơ sinh điều trị tại Bệnh viện đa khoa Gia Lâm. Kết quả cho thấy, số trẻ sơ sinh đủ tháng là 93,07%, 81,17% số trẻ được sinh tại Bệnh viện đa khoa Gia Lâm. Nhóm bệnh vàng da sơ sinh chiếm tỷ lệ cao nhất (87,01%), sau đó là nhóm bệnh suy hô hấp sơ sinh (6,28%), nhiễm khuẩn sơ sinh (3,03%), hạ đường huyết sơ sinh (1,73%) và các nhóm bệnh ít gặp khác (1,95%). 9,96% số trẻ nhập viện trong tình trạng cấp cứu, 89,13% trường hợp xảy ra trong ngày đầu sau đẻ. Nguyên nhân cấp cứu phổ biến nhất là suy hô hấp sơ sinh (56,52%). Tỷ lệ nhập viện trong tình trạng cấp cứu ở nhóm trẻ non tháng cao gấp 3,44 lần so với trẻ đủ tháng (p = 0,009). Kết luận: Đặc điểm các nhóm bệnh sơ sinh giống với kết quả nghiên cứu của các tác giả tại các bệnh viện tuyến cơ sở khác (hạng II, III) khi mà nhóm bệnh vàng da sơ sinh chiếm tỷ lệ cao nhất. Cần có sự chuẩn bị về nhân lực cũng như về trang thiết bị để có thể chẩn đoán sớm và điều trị hiệu quả nhóm bệnh vàng da sơ sinh
CLARA-A3: The third edition of the AVHRR-based CM SAF climate data record on clouds, radiation and surface albedo covering the period 1979 to 2023
Authors: Karlsson Karl-Göran , Stengel Martin , Meirink Jan Fokke , Riihelä Aku , Trentmann Jörg , Akkermans Tom , Stein Diana , Devasthale Abhay , Eliasson Salomon , Johansson Erik , Håkansson Nina , Solodovnik Irina , Benas Nikos , Clerbaux Nicolas , Selbach Nathalie , Schröder Marc , Hollmann Rainer 
Published: November 2023

Abstract. This paper presents the third edition of The Satellite Application Facility on Climate Monitoring's (CM SAF) cloud, albedo, and surface radiation dataset from advanced very-high-resolution radiometer (AVHRR) data, CLARA-A3. The content of earlier CLARA editions, namely cloud, surface albedo, and surface radiation products, has been extended with two additional surface albedo products (blue- and white-sky albedo), three additional surface radiation products (net shortwave and longwave radiation, and surface radiation budget), and two top of atmosphere radiation budget products (reflected solar flux and outgoing longwave radiation). The record length is extended to 42 years (1979–2020) by also incorporating results from the first version of the advanced very high resolution radiometer imager (AVHRR/1). A continuous extension of the climate data record (CDR) has also been implemented by processing an interim climate data record (ICDR) based on the same set of algorithms but with slightly changed ancillary input data. All products are briefly described together with validation results and intercomparisons with currently existing similar CDRs. The extension of the product portfolio and the temporal coverage of the data record, together with product improvements, is expected to enlarge the potential of using CLARA-A3 for climate change studies and, in particular, studies of potential feedback effects between clouds, surface albedo, and radiation. The CLARA-A3 data record is hosted by the European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT) CM SAF and is freely available at https://doi.org/10.5676/EUM_SAF_CM/CLARA_AVHRR/V003 (Karlsson et al., 2023b).