bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aspects Regarding the Surface Temperature for Electric Motors used in Potentially Explosive Atmosphere
Authors: Fotău Dragoş , Sălășan Diana , Păsculescu Dragoș , Lazăr Teodora 
Published: January 2024

Most of the equipment operating in potentially explosive atmospheres in oil and gas industry is represented by electric motors, which in most situations act on various other elements (e.g. pumps, valves, fans etc.).
Evaluation of explosion-proof protected electrical equipment in scope of certification is extremely important considering the risk of explosion that has to be minimized in order to ensure life safety and health of workers and to prevent damaging of property and the environment, as well as free movement of goods when they meet the essential safety requirements at European level.
Even if electric motors for explosive atmospheres are designed and manufactured following some of the same principles as the ones used for other electric machinery, they have certain particularities related to their field of use. Thus, a series of specific restrictions and tests are required to be considered in their case.
A very important component on which the explosion protection depends is the surface temperature of the equipment. This is the highest temperature reached in operation under the most unfavorable conditions (but within the tolerances set), by any part or surface of the electrical equipment (in the case of gaseous explosive atmospheres which may occur in technical installations operating in oil and gas industry, this temperature may appear on an internal component or on the outer surface of the case , depending on the type of protection used).
To prevent an explosion it is very important that the tests performed on the equipment are done correctly and in the most unfavorable conditions. The purpose of this paper is to present the importance of performing tests to determine the surface temperature for electric motors designed to be used in explosive atmosphere generated by gases and vapors.
Treatment in Certified Breast Cancer Centers Improves Chances of Survival of Patients with Breast Cancer
Authors: Schoffer Olaf , Wimberger Pauline , Gerken Michael , Bierbaum Veronika , Bobeth Christoph , Rößler Martin , Dröge Patrik , Ruhnke Thomas , Günster Christian , Kleihues-van Tol Kees , Link Theresa , Scharl Anton , Inwald Elisabeth C. , Kast Karin , Papathemelis Thomas , Ortmann Olaf , Klinkhammer-Schalke Monika , Schmitt Jochen 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCertified breast cancer centers offer specific quality standards in terms of their structure, diagnostic and treatment approaches with regards to breast surgery, drug-based cancer therapy,
radiotherapy, and psychosocial support. Such centers aim to improve treatment outcomes of breast cancer patients. The question investigated here was whether patients with primary breast cancer
have a longer overall survival if they are treated in a certified breast cancer center compared to treatment outside these centers.We used patient-specific data (demographics, diagnoses, treatments) obtained from data held by mandatory health insurance companies (gesetzliche
Krankenversicherung, GKV) and clinical cancer registries (KKR) for the period 2009–2017 as well as hospital characteristics recorded in standardized quality reports. Using multivariable
Cox regression analysis, we investigated differences in survival between patients treated in hospitals certified as breast cancers centers by the German Cancer Society (DKG) and patients
treated in hospitals which had not been certified by the DKG.The sample population consisted of 143720 (GKV data) and 59780 (KKR data) patients with breast cancer, who were treated in 1010 hospitals across Germany (280 DKG-certified, 730 not
DKG-certified). 63.5% (GKV data) and 66.7% (KKR data) of patients, respectively, were treated in DKG-certified breast cancer centers. Cox regression analysis for overall survival which
included patient and hospital characteristics found a significantly lower mortality risk for patients treated in DKG-certified breast cancer centers (GKV data: HR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.74–0.81;
KKR data: HR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.85–0.92). This result remained stable even after several sensitivity analyses including stratified estimates for subgroups of patients and hospitals. The effect
was even more pronounced for recurrence-free survival (KKR data: HR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.74–0.82).Patients who are treated by an interdisciplinary team in a DKG-certified breast cancer had clear and statistically significantly better survival rates. Certification is therefore an
effective means of improving the quality of care, and more patients should be treated in certified breast cancer centers.
Elevated liver enzymes in a German tertiary-care hospital: Distribution, diagnostic steps and diagnosis groups
Authors: Mederacke Young-Seon , Mederacke Ingmar , Bock Kilian , Wedemeyer Heiner 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background The determination of liver blood tests is frequently performed in hospitalized patients, and abnormal values require further diagnostics. Yet, analyses considering the management of elevated liver enzymes are missing. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the distribution of abnormal liver function tests and the subsequent diagnostic steps across different medical specialties.
Methods From our Hannover liver-injury database, we identified 63,300 cases of patients who were hospitalized between January 2008 and July 2021 with AST or ALT > 3 ULN or AP or TBI > 2 ULN at any time point during hospitalization. Of these, 29,547 cases fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were subjected to further analysis. Cases were analyzed according to the three groups: internal medicine, surgery and others. Analyses were performed regarding baseline characteristics, liver-related diagnostics and factors influencing hospital mortality.
Results Elevated liver blood tests were mainly observed in internal medicine (n=17,762, 60.1%), followed by the surgery department 34.2% (n=10,105). Notably, 40.2% (n=11,896) developed liver enzyme elevation above the cut-offs during the hospital stay. Testing for hepatitis B and C was more often performed in the surgery department compared to in internal medicine. In total, 5.6% of the cases (n=1,640) had a liver biopsy. Hyperbilirubinemia (total bilirubine ≥ 2ULN) and AST/ALT ratios >2 were associated with in-hospital mortality.
Conclusion Clinicians are often faced with elevated liver enzymes. However, diagnostic steps differ between different specialties. Physicians should be aware of the increased in-hospital mortality in cases with hyperbilirubinemia or elevated AST/ALT ratios.
Synthetic Approaches to Gliflozins: A Comprehensive Overview
Authors: Nahide Pradip D. , Annapragada Ratnamala , Bandichhor Rakeshwar , Sasikala Ch. V. A. , Beesu Mallesh , Biswas Sayantan , Basu Debjit , Achanta Srinivas 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDiabetes mellitus, commonly referred to as diabetes, is a persistent medical condition that contributes to a significant global mortality rate and various associated complications in individuals. To address the needs of those diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, the pharmaceutical market offers a range of antidiabetic medications. Among these options, gliflozins stand out as highly efficacious therapeutic agents for the management of type 2 diabetes. These medications inhibit the function of sodium–glucose linked transporter (SGLT) enzymes in the kidneys, effectively halting the reabsorption of sugar and leading to a reduction in the overall glucose load within the bloodstream. This review aims at providing a comprehensive overview of the various syntheses for each of the gliflozin drugs reported in the literature and also summarizes the synthetic advancements in this area to date.1	Introduction2	Synthesis of Gliflozins2.1	Canagliflozin2.2	Dapagliflozin2.3	Ipragliflozin2.4	Empagliflozin2.5	Luseogliflozin2.6	Tofogliflozin2.7	Ertugliflozin2.8	Sotagliflozin2.9	Licogliflozin2.10	Remogliflozin2.11	Henagliflozin2.12	Bexagliflozin2.13	Janagliflozin2.14	Velagliflozin2.15	Sergliflozin Etabonate2.16	Enavogliflozin3	Conclusion
Effect of Repeated Moist Heat Sterilization on Titanium Implant–Abutment Interface—An In Vitro Study
Authors: Morsy Mohamed S.M. , Hassan Ali Abdel-Halim Abdel-Azim , Alshawkani Hamed A. , Mattoo Khurshid A. , Mathur Ankita , Fiorillo Luca 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Objectives Sterilization eliminates microbial viability by decreasing the biological load, but likewise have the ability to deteriorate the mechanical properties of an implant material. This study intended to evaluate the effect of repeated moist heat sterilization on implant–abutment interface using two different implant systems.
Materials and Methods Forty screw-retained titanium implant–abutment combinations (fixture 3.5 ×10 mm, abutment 2 mm diameter), twenty each from Genesis (Aktiv Implant Systems, United States) and Bredent (SKY, Germany), were divided into four different groups (n = 10) and placed in a computer-aided diagnostic model. The abutments from each group were exposed to first and second autoclave cycle (121°C for 30 minutes), connected back to the fixture and analyzed under scanning electron microscope for marginal gap and surface roughness.
Results Genesis group showed higher marginal gaps on both sides (buccal/mesial [2.8 ± 0.47]; lingual/distal [2.8 ± 0.33]), while Bredent implant–abutment system (IAS) did not show any changes in marginal gaps after autoclaving. Differences within and between the group were found to be statistically significant. Surface roughness for Genesis (243.7 ± 70.30) and Bredent groups (528.9 ± 213.19) was highest at second autoclave, with Bredent implant–abutment showing higher values for surface roughness than Genesis IAS.
Conclusion Marginal vertical gap increased with autoclaving for Genesis IAS, while Bredent implant abutments were more stable. Surface roughness increases with autoclaving for both Genesis and Bredent group of IAS.
Pituitary Adenoma Coexistent with Sellar Clear Cell Meningioma Unattached to the Dura: Case Report and Treatment Considerations
Authors: Chatain Grégoire P. , Chee Keanu , Driscoll Meghan , Kleinschmidt-DeMasters B.K. , Lillehei Kevin O. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCollision tumors involving the sella are rare. Intrasellar collision tumors are most commonly composed of a combination of pituitary adenomas and pituitary neuroendocrine tumors; however, collision tumors consisting of a pituitary adenoma and intrasellar meningioma are exceedingly rare. The authors present the case of a 47-year-old man who presented with progressive right eye vision loss. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a large, heterogeneously enhancing sellar mass with suprasellar extension. Using a transcranial approach with a right subfrontal craniotomy, near-total resection of the mass was achieved. Histologic analysis confirmed a diagnosis of a gonadotroph adenoma with concomitant clear cell meningioma (CCM). This patient was discharged with improvement in visual acuity and no signs of diabetes insipidus. Given the indistinguishable radiographic characteristics of pituitary adenoma and CCM, a preoperative diagnosis of a collision tumor was difficult. This case was uniquely challenging since the CCM component lacked the classic dural attachment that is associated with meningiomas on neuroimaging. CCMs are classified as central nervous system (CNS) World Health Organization (WHO) grade 2 tumors and tend to behave more aggressively, therefore warranting close surveillance for signs of tumor recurrence. This is the first case to report a collision tumor consisting of pituitary adenoma and CCM.
Treatment Options for Infantile Spasms Syndrome with SCN8A: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Oikawa Shizuka , Yamaguchi Hiroshi , Hanafusa Hiroaki , Ye Ming Juan , Tokumoto Shoichi , Tomioka Kazumi , Nishiyama Masahiro , Morisada Naoya , Nozu Kandai , Nagase Hiroaki 
Published: January 2024

Abstract“Infantile spasms syndrome (IS),” previously known as “West syndrome (WS),” is characterized by epileptic spasms (ES), abnormal electroencephalography (EEG) patterns such as hypsarrhythmia, and developmental stagnation or regression in infancy. IS has various etiologies, including genetic abnormalities. SCN8A variants are associated with developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, characterized by developmental delay, seizures starting from infancy, and refractory epilepsy with multiple seizure types. However, previous studies have not focused on the treatment of IS caused by SCN8A variants. We report a case of a previously healthy boy who presented ES and developmental regression at 6 months of age. His EEG revealed hypsarrhythmia, leading to the diagnosis of IS. After admission, the patient was treated with hormonal therapy using intravenous methylprednisolone pulse therapy (MPT). ES and hypsarrhythmia on EEG disappeared in the early stages of MPT administration with no observed treatment complications. Furthermore, we observed no recurrence of EEG abnormalities or seizures at 17 months of age. Genetic testing revealed a novel de novo SCN8A variant (NM_001177984.2:c.2882T > G:p. M961R). The literature review confirmed that 13 patients, including our described patient, were reported to have ES owing to missense variants of SCN8A. While the previous articles do not mention intravenous MPT for ES with SCN8A, our case findings suggest that intravenous MPT therapy may be effective for short-term suppression of ES caused by the SCN8A variant in IS.
An assessment of traffic education and its examination system—an extended House of Quality approach
Authors: Buics László , Horváth Zsolt Csaba , Földesi Péter , Eisinger Boglárka Balassa 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe goal of this article is to examine traffic education and its examination system, using a new approach based on the House of Quality method. While every country has its own legal rules and requirements regarding how traffic education and examinations are conducted, there is a direct relationship between traffic education, its examination system and road safety. Therefore the quality of such a complicated process is of great interest for both stakeholders: the authorities and the citizens. These stakeholders both have their own objectives regarding the system, consequently increasing its complexity. This article investigates, as its case study, the system in Hungary. The House of Quality method has been expanded to provide a unique approach to examine the goals and objectives of both stakeholders, revealing similarities and differences and their interrelationships. Secondary data on the effectiveness of the traffic education and examination system are also analysed. Based on the HOQ model representations of the goals and objectives of the stakeholders regarding the traffic education and exam system, it can be established that the stakeholder points of view are closer to each other in the case of the test system than that of the education system. However, there are unsolved contradictions between the stakeholders that have to be handled, as opinions regarding the quality of the service and the criteria of the stakeholders’ satisfaction are very diverse.
Assessing the influence of non-thermal plasma treatment on sprouting of mosaic yard long beans (Vigna unguiculata)
Authors: Guragain Rajesh Prakash , Baniya Hom Bahadur , Guragain Deepesh Prakash , Subedi Deepak Prasad 
Published: January 2024

This study examined the impact of non-thermal plasma (NTP) treatment on the germination of mosaic yard long beans (MYLB) (Vigna unguiculata). The NTP discharge utilized 5.01 W of power and had an estimated electron density of 2.5 × 1011 cm−3. Optical emission spectra analysis confirmed the generation of nitrogen ions using the dielectric barrier discharge system. Seeds exposed to NTP for varying durations exhibited enhanced germination rates and higher vigor, with the highest percentage observed for 120 s of treatment. Seeds treated for 60 and 120 s displayed faster and more synchronized germination based on the Mean Germination Time and Coefficient of Velocity of Germination values. The NTP treatment resulted in mass loss in the seeds, with the greatest loss occurring after 120 s of treatment. NTP-treated seeds demonstrated improved water uptake capacity compared to untreated seeds. Water contact angle measurements indicated a shift from hydrophobic to hydrophilic behavior in NTP-treated seeds, indicating enhanced surface wettability. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed erosion and roughening of the seed coat following NTP treatment. These findings suggest that NTP treatment enhances the germination performance of MYLB by promoting faster and more uniform germination, improving water uptake capacity, and modifying the seed coat surface.
Fabrication of gallium nitride waveguide resonators by high-power impulse magnetron sputtering at room temperature
Authors: Wu Shih-Hsin , Chen Zhi-Guang , Liu Hung-Sheng , Chen Sheng-Hui , Wang Pei-Hsun 
Published: January 2024

In this work, we demonstrate gallium nitride (GaN) waveguide resonators by sputtering amorphous GaN films on the silicon-based substrate. With the aid of high-power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS), high-quality, high-deposition-rate, and high-flatness GaN films can be deposited directly onto the silicon substrate with a 4 μm buried oxide layer at room temperature. Waveguide resonators with a quality factor of up to 4 × 104 are demonstrated, and closely critical coupling is achieved at a 0.2 μm gap by optimizing the gap sizes, showing a high extinction ratio of waveguide resonators at ≈24 dB. The fabrication process of HiPIMS-GaN waveguide resonators utilizes CMOS-compatible techniques and operates at a low thermal budget. Compared to conventional GaN films fabricated using metal-organic chemical vapor deposition, this study offers the potential to produce low-cost GaN waveguides on amorphous substrates and realize integrated GaN photonics in optical communication, nonlinear photonics, and quantum photonics by high-quality HiPIMS films.
Mitigation of electromagnetic pulses interfering with Thomson parabola ion spectrometers at XG-III laser facility
Authors: Li Zihao , Kang Ning , Teng Jian , Zhang Zhimeng , Xie Jiajie , Niu Aihui , Liu Huiya , Sun Mingying , Zhou Weimin , Li Tingshuai 
Published: January 2024

The Thomson parabola ion spectrometer is vulnerable to intense electromagnetic pulses (EMPs) generated by a high-power laser interacting with solid targets. A metal shielding cage with a circular aperture of 1 mm diameter is designed to mitigate EMPs induced by a picosecond laser irradiating a copper target in an experiment where additionally an 8-ns delayed nanosecond laser is incident into an aluminum target at the XG-III laser facility. The implementation of the shielding cage reduces the maximum EMP amplitude inside the cage to 5.2 kV/m, and the simulation results indicate that the cage effectively shields electromagnetic waves. However, the laser-accelerated relativistic electrons which escaped the target potential accumulate charge on the surface of the cage, which is responsible for the detected EMPs within the cage. To further alleviate EMPs, a lead wall and an absorbing material (ECCOSORB AN-94) were added before the cage, significantly blocking the propagation of electrons. These findings provide valuable insights into EMP generation in large-scale laser infrastructures and serve as a foundation for electromagnetic shielding design.
Pressure and chemical doping induced phase transition and phonon dynamics of multiferroic Bi5Ti3FeO15 ceramics
Authors: Bian Mengyun , Cui Anyang , Jiang Kai , Zhang Jinzhong , Zhu Liangqing , Shang Liyan , Li Yawei , Hu Zhigao 
Published: January 2024

The external pressure and doping effect have been studied on the lattice structure of multiferroic Bi5Ti3−2xFe1+xNbxO15 (BTFNx) ceramics. Based on the x-ray diffraction and the Raman spectroscopic evidence, it is confirmed that the doping-induced lattice deformation is closely related to the concentrations of the Nb5+ and Fe3+ ions. The Bi5Ti3FeO15 (BTF) ceramic transits from orthorhombic (O, A21am) - O and tetragonal (T) - T (I4/mmm) with pressure, showing the intermediate phase coexistence at a wide pressure range of 4.5–14.8 GPa, while for BTFN0.6 ceramics, it is O (Fmm2) - O and T - T(I4/mmm) having the phase coexistence at 6–18 GPa. The ionic substitution, phase diagram and the evolution of phonon, lattice symmetry, and stability of BTFNx ceramics have been systematically observed and studied under the internal and external factors. Our work provides a comprehensive understanding of the structural and physical functionality for the development and optimization of multiferroic four-layer compounds BTF material systems.
An application of hybrid Taguchi-ANN to predict tool wear for turning EN24 material
Authors: Kamble Prashant D. , Giri Jayant , Makki Emad , Sunheriya Neeraj , Sahare Shilpa B. , Chadge Rajkumar , Mahatme Chetan , Giri Pallavi , T. Sathish , Panchal Hitesh 
Published: January 2024

This work is an attempt to predict tool wear for turning EN24 material by the hybrid Taguchi-ANN (Taguchi-Artificial Neural Network) method. The objective is to minimize the tool wear. The independent factors are cutting environment, feed rate, depth of cut, nose radius, and tool type. A Spinner numerical control lathe is used to assess performance. As per the Taguchi orthogonal array, 27 experiments are conducted for each value of the uncontrollable factor (spindle vibration). Optimal setting is structured by Taguchi analysis and the response table. The additive model is used to predict the response. Conformity test is carried out to check whether the predicted and experimental values of response are within the range given by the confidence interval. Furthermore, the ANN is used to predict and analyze the tool wear. The result showed that the supremely important parameter is depth of cut and the least important parameter is tool type. The ideal set found is A3, B3, C3, D1, and E3. Through ANN analysis, it is observed that the experimental values are very close to the predicted values of tool wear. The predicted value at optimal setting is 0.0401 mm. The experimental values at optimal setting is 0.0422 mm. In addition, the study showed that when the feed rate and nose radius are both set to high levels and the depth of cut is medium, using an uncoated tungsten carbide tool with minimal lubrication results in the least amount of tool wear.
Diagnosis of DC series arc fault based on multiple wavelet transform and optimal fractional wavelet energy entropy
Authors: Yin Zhendong , Wang Li , Qiu Xianqun , Zhang Jiyong 
Published: January 2024

In the DC distribution system, the propagation of arc noise can interfere with normal lines, and accurate and timely diagnosis of the location of series arc fault (SAF) is a challenging problem. In this article, a SAF diagnosis method is proposed from a system perspective, which can accurately identify the fault line. First, multiple wavelet transform is used to decompose the currents of different lines, and the fractional wavelet energy entropy is extracted to construct the feature vector. Then, random forest is employed to analyze the importance of features and to select the optimal features. Finally, a kernel extreme learning machine can fuse the features and output the diagnosis results. The offline experimental results indicate that the proposed method has a diagnosis accuracy of 99.82%, which is higher than those of nine comparison methods, and the effectiveness and advancement of the proposed method are verified. The online experimental results show that the proposed method can diagnose SAF within 110 ms, and the diagnosis speed is able to satisfy the requirements of UL1699B. Moreover, under transient conditions, the proposed method can effectively avoid false alarms and maintain stability.