bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self‐assembled monolayers of inositol hexaphosphate on the roughened surface of an iron electrode: investigation by surface‐enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy
Authors: Yang Haifeng , Feng Jie , Liu Yanli , Yang Yunhui , Wu Jing , Zhang Zongrang , Shen Guoli , Yu Ruqin 
Published: June 2005

AbstractInositol hexaphosphate (IP6) molecules as an environmentally friendly inhibitor were self‐assembled at a bare iron surface forming monolayers from a low concentration solution. Roughening of the iron surface by a special oxidation–reduction cycle makes it possible to obtain surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) mapping spectra of the self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) of IP6. Using the recorded SERS spectra and quantum chemistry calculations for the vibrational modes of the IP6 molecule with the PM3 method, the adsorption configurations of IP6 SAMs formed at the roughened iron surface in bulk solutions under various pH conditions were deduced. At pH 5, the IP6 molecules are assumed to be located at the surface via four coplanar phosphates to form SAMs, whereas at pH 11.27, value of the IP6 solution it is assumed that only one phosphate is adsorbed on the iron surface. The results of electrochemical polarization measurements indicated that the inhibition efficiency of IP6 SAMs formed at pH 5 was higher than at pH 11.27, which was related to their different interactions with the iron surface. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Accuracy of predicting maximal quadriceps force from submaximal effort contractions after anterior cruciate ligament injury
Authors: Farquhar Sara J. , Chmielewski Terese L. , Snyder‐Mackler Lynn 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWeakness and failure of voluntary activation of the quadriceps femoris muscles often occur after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture. Side‐to‐side strength comparisons are used as a measure of progress, and are inaccurate if the quadriceps has activation failure. Burst superimposition testing is commonly used to assess quadriceps strength and activation during a maximal volitional isometric contraction (MVIC), using the central activation ratio (CAR) calculation. A recently developed mathematical model predicts the MVIC from submaximal efforts. The purpose of this study was to compare the CAR calculation to the mathematical model. We hypothesized that the model would be a more accurate predictor of strength than the CAR calculation when voluntary activation failure is present. Data from the involved and uninvolved quadriceps muscles of 100 consecutive subjects with complete, isolated ACL rupture were retrospectively evaluated. Subjects who required multiple trials to produce an MVIC with full activation (true MVIC) were used to compare the CAR calculation, the mathematical model, and this true MVIC. Subjects unable to produce a true MVIC with multiple trials were used to compare the mathematical model to the CAR calculation. Results demonstrate that both methods reliably and accurately estimate the quadriceps weakness associated with ACL rupture. We recommend use of the CAR calculation to provide estimations of true quadriceps strength to facilitate clinical decisions about progress in rehabilitation after ACL rupture. Muscle Nerve, 2005
Production of monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Baron Pierluigi , Bussini Simona , Cardin Veronica , Corbo Massimo , Conti Giancarlo , Galimberti Daniela , Scarpini Elio , Bresolin Nereo , Wharton Stephen B. , Shaw Pamela J. , Silani Vincenzo 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe presence of activated microglia in the spinal cord of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients is usually accompanied by inflammatory biochemical changes, but these are largely unexplored. Monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1) is critical for recruitment of inflammatory cells of monocytic lineage after inflammation or injury to the central nervous system. MCP‐1 concentrations were measured by an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the serum of 27 patients with ALS and 30 patients with noninflammatory neurological diseases. In ALS, circulating MCP‐1 levels were significantly increased in the serum and particularly in the CSF. Immunoreactivity for MCP‐1 in ALS spinal cord was detected mostly in astrocytes but also in microglia, neurons, and within the vasculature of the cord. Our findings suggest a role for MCP‐1 as an important molecular mediator of the injury response in ALS. Muscle Nerve, 2005
An economic lot‐sizing problem with perishable inventory and economies of scale costs: Approximation solutions and worst case analysis
Authors: Chu Leon Yang , Hsu Vernon Ning , Shen Zuo‐Jun Max 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe costs of many economic activities such as production, purchasing, distribution, and inventory exhibit economies of scale under which the average unit cost decreases as the total volume of the activity increases. In this paper, we consider an economic lot‐sizing problem with general economies of scale cost functions. Our model is applicable to both nonperishable and perishable products. For perishable products, the deterioration rate and inventory carrying cost in each period depend on the age of the inventory. Realizing that the problem is NP‐hard, we analyze the effectiveness of easily implementable policies. We show that the cost of the best Consecutive‐Cover‐Ordering (CCO) policy, which can be found in polynomial time, is guaranteed to be no more than (4$\sqrt{2}$ + 5)/7 ≈ 1.52 times the optimal cost. In addition, if the ordering cost function does not change from period to period, the cost of the best CCO policy is no more than 1.5 times the optimal cost. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2005.
Investigation of cis/trans ratios of peptide bonds in AVP analogues containing N‐methylphenylalanine enantiomers
Authors: Sikorska Emilia , Ślusarz Magdalena J. , Ślusarz Rafał , Kowalczyk Wioleta , Lammek Bernard 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe solution conformation of vasopressin analogues, modified at positions 2 and 3 with N‐methylphenylalanine or its enantiomer, [D‐MePhe2,MePhe3]AVP and [MePhe2,D‐MePhe3]AVP, were studied by 2D NMR spectroscopy in H2O/D2O and theoretical calculations (EDMC/ANALYZE). In the case of [MePhe2,D‐MePhe3]AVP, the synthesis afforded two products, A and B, which had identical molecular ions and similar retention times on HPLC. This finding was explained by racemization of Cys1, which gave an additional analogue, [D‐Cys1,MePhe2,D‐MePhe3]AVP (B). The possibility is not excluded of racemization of Cys1 in the remaining analogues of this series. However, only in the case of [MePhe2,D‐MePhe3]AVP was this process so distinct that two strong peaks in the HPLC chromatogram were observed. The NMR spectra of all the analogues showed several distinct sets of residual proton resonances. This suggests that the peptides adopt more than two groups of conformations in H2O/D2O. This fact is due to cis/trans isomerization. Two more populated isomers arise from the cis/trans isomerization across the 2–3 peptide bond in [D‐MePhe2,MePhe3]AVP and [MePhe2,D‐MePhe3]AVP (A) and across the 1–2 peptide bond in [D‐Cys1,MePhe2,D‐MePhe3]AVP (B). Copyright © 2005 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Automatic IEEE 802.11 rate control for streaming applications
Authors: Haratcherev Ivaylo , Taal Jacco , Langendoen Koen , Lagendijk Reginald , Sips Henk 
Published: June 2005

AbstractStreaming multimedia content in real‐time over a wireless link is a challenging task because of the rapid fluctuations in link conditions that can occur due to movement, interference, and so on. The popular IEEE 802.11 standard includes low‐level tuning parameters like the transmission rate. Standard device drivers for today's wireless products are based on gathering statistics and consequently, adapt rather slowly to changes in conditions. To meet the strict latency requirements of streaming applications, we designed and implemented an advanced hybrid control algorithm that uses signal‐strength (SNR) information to achieve fast responses. Since SNR readings are quite noisy, we do not use that information to directly control the rate setting, but rather as a safeguard limiting the range of feasible settings to choose from. We report on real‐time experiments involving two laptops equipped with IEEE 802.11a wireless interface cards. The results show that using SNR information greatly enhances responsiveness in comparison to statistics‐based rate controllers. Finally, we will present the results of an experiment with real‐time video streaming to a moving laptop in an office‐like environment. Our hybrid control algorithm effectively prevented many packet losses, thereby achieving a much higher video quality than the statistics‐based algorithm. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study of the TCP upstream/downstream unfairness issue with per‐flow queuing over infrastructure‐mode WLANs
Authors: Wu Yi , Niu Zhisheng , Zheng Junli 
Published: June 2005

AbstractFairness is an important issue in WLANs due to their shared media nature. Essentially, IEEE 802.11 MAC protocols have been designed to provide fair access for all the competing mobile hosts. However, the fairness at MAC layer cannot be maintained at TCP layer in the presence of both mobile senders and receivers accessing to wired networks. In this paper, we investigate the TCP upstream/downstream unfairness issue over WLANs with per‐flow queuing employed at the access point (AP). The interactions between the IEEE 802.11 MAC protocol and TCP are evaluated through analysis and simulation. Based on the derived analytical model, an efficient solution is proposed to be implemented at the AP for fairness achievement. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Twin analyses of chronic fatigue in a Swedish national sample
Authors: SULLIVAN PATRICK F. , EVENGÅRD BIRGITTA , JACKS ANDREAS , PEDERSEN NANCY L. 
Published: June 2005

Background. Chronic fatigue has infrequently been studied in twins. Data from twin studies can inform clinical and research approaches to the management and etiology of human complex traits.Method. The authors obtained telephone interview data on current chronic fatigue from 31406 individuals twins in the Swedish Twin Registry (aged 42–64 years, 75·68% response rate), from both members of 12407 pairs and from one member of 6592 pairs. Of the complete pairs, 3269 pairs were monozygotic, 9010 pairs dizygotic, and 128 pairs of unknown zygosity. Structural equation twin modeling was used to estimate the latent genetic architecture of varying definitions of fatiguing illness.Results. Estimates of additive genetic effects, shared environmental effects, and individual-specific environmental effects were similar in males and females. No definition of current fatiguing illness (ranging from any fatigue to CFS-like illness) was strikingly distinctive. Individual-specific effects were the predominant source of variation, followed by modest genetic influences. We could not exclude a small but conceptually important contribution of shared environmental effects.Conclusions. Current fatiguing illness appears to be a complex trait resulting from both environmental and genetic sources of variation without pronounced differences by gender.
Virtual action: O'Regan & Noë meet Bergson
Authors: Robbins Stephen E. 
Published: June 2005

Bergson, writing in 1896, anticipated “sensorimotor contingencies” under the concept that perception is “virtual action.” But to explain the external image, he embedded this concept in a holographic framework where time-motion is an indivisible and the relation of subject/object is in terms of time. The target article's account of qualitative visual experience falls short for lack of this larger framework.[Objects] send back, then, to my body, as would a mirror, their eventual influence; they take rank in an order corresponding to the growing or decreasing powers of my body. The objects which surround my body reflect its possible action upon them.– Henri Bergson (1896/1912, pp. 6–7)
Who is mind blind?
Authors: Nicastro Nicholas 
Published: June 2005

The authors attempt to explain the ubiquity and persistence of human religion by invoking innate, domain-specific cognitive furniture, while dismissing the potential of other approaches, such as memetics, to produce “mindful” understandings of religion. This commentary challenges the explanatory adequacy of cognitive nativism, suggesting that memetics has as much claim to utility and “mindfulness” as innate mental modules do.And why beholdest thou the mote that is in thy brother's eye, but considerest not the beam that is in thine own eye?– Matthew 7:3
CAN PUBLIC SCHOOLS SAVE AMERICA?: Culture, Race, Academic Achievement, and the American Dream
Authors: Anderson James D. 
Published: June 2005

Pedro A. Noguera,City Schools and the American Dream: Reclaiming the Promise of Public Education. New York: Teachers College Press, 2003, 187 pages, ISBN: 0-8077-4382-8, Cloth, $50.00, and 0-8077-4381-X, Paper, $19.95.Jennifer Hochschild and Nathan Scoveronick.The American Dream and the Public Schools. New York: Oxford University Press, 2003, 301 pages, ISBN: 0-19-515278-6, Cloth, $35.00.David Tyack,Seeking Common Ground: Public Schools in a Diverse Society. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2003, 237 pages, ISBN: 0-674-01198-8, Cloth, $22.95.Abigail Thernstrom and Stephan Thernstrom,No Excuses: Closing the Racial Gap in Learning. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2003, 334 pages, ISBN: 0-7432-0446-8, Cloth, $26.00, and 0-7432-6522-X, Paper, $15.00.
CONTEXT MATTERS! RACE, REPRESENTATION, AND PUBLIC OPINION
Authors: McClain Paula D. 
Published: June 2005

Katherine Tate,Black Faces in the Mirror: African Americans and Their Representatives in Congress. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2003, 224 pages, ISBN: 0-691-09155-2, Cloth, $18.95; ISBN: 0-691-11786-1, Paper, $18.95.Karen M. Kaufmann,The Urban Voter: Group Conflict and Mayoral Voting Behavior in American Cities. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 2004, 248 pages, ISBN: 0-472-09857-8, Cloth, $60.00; ISBN: 0-472-06857-1, Paper, $24.95.Vincent L. Hutchings,Public Opinion and Democratic Accountability: How Citizens Learn about Politics. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2003, 192 pages, ISBN: 0-691-11416-1, Cloth, $35.00.
Performance of automated air tonometry under hypothermia
Authors: Weiss M. , Dullenkopf A. , Hasenclever P. 
Published: June 2005

SummaryIntestinal tonometry is used during hypothermic cardio‐pulmonary bypass surgery to assess splanchnic perfusion. In an in vitro set‐up the performance of automated air tonometry (TONOCAP®) was tested for normo‐ and hypothermia. A 14‐FG tonometry catheter was built into a testing chamber (100 cm3) perfused with blood from a cardio‐pulmonary bypass circuit with Paco2 held at 5.6–5.8 kPa (alpha‐stat). Prco2 from the balloon of the tonometry catheter was measured at intervals of 10 min at 37 °C and at 25 °C by the TONOCAP®. Bias (precision) of Prco2 – Paco2 alpha‐stat and Prco2 −Paco2 pH‐stat at 37 °C blood temperature were low at 0.23 kPa (0.21) each. Tonometrically measured Prco2 at 25 °C significantly differed from Paco2 alpha‐stat bias (precision) of 2.00 kPa (0.11) but was similar to Paco2 pH‐stat (0.30 kPa (0.11)). Prco2 values as measured by the TONOCAP® represent pH‐stat approach. Identical blood gas management (pH‐ or alpha‐stat) should be used for calculation of mucosal – arterial CO2 difference (Pr–aco2 gap) or calculation of intramucosal pH.
Lymphocyte contamination of laryngoscope blades – a possible vector for transmission of variant Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease
Authors: Hirsch N. , Beckett A. , Collinge J. , Scaravilli F. , Tabrizi S. , Berry S. 
Published: June 2005

SummaryVariant Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease (vCJD) is associated with extensive prion infection of lymphoreticular tissues during the prolonged asymptomatic incubation period. Instruments exposed to infected tissues of preclinically infected individuals during medical or surgical procedures represent a potential risk of iatrogenic transmission of vCJD prions. We assessed the frequency of contamination with lymphoid tissue of single‐use laryngoscope blades used for tracheal intubation for general anaesthesia. Using a cyto‐centrifugation technique, lymphocytes were detected from 30% of laryngoscope blades studied. As prions resist routine sterilisation procedures, the use of non‐disposable laryngoscope blades poses a risk of transmitting vCJD from patient to patient. The use of such instruments should be abandoned and disposable alternatives used.
The management of accidental dural puncture during labour epidural analgesia: a survey of UK practice*
Authors: Baraz R. , Collis R. E. 
Published: June 2005

SummaryThe management of accidental dural puncture and postdural puncture headache in obstetric practice continues to be of great interest. This survey aims to explore the current management of this complication in the United Kingdom and compares the findings to a similar survey undertaken in 1993. A postal questionnaire was sent to all maternity units (n = 248). The return rate was 71%. Of these, 144 units (85%) now have written guidelines for the management of accidental dural puncture compared to 58% in 1993. In 47 units (28%), the epidural catheter is now routinely placed intrathecally following accidental dural puncture; in 69 units (41%) the catheter is re‐sited and in the remaining 53 units (31%) either option is allowed. This is in contrast to the previous survey, which found that catheters were re‐sited in 99% of units. Only 31 units (18%) now limit the second stage of labour and 19 (11%) avoid pushing and deliver by ventouse or forceps, whilst 116 units (69%) allow labour to take place without any intervention. Only 44 units (26%) now treat postdural puncture headache with an epidural blood patch as soon as it is diagnosed, whereas in 120 units (71%) the blood patch is performed only after failure of conservative measures. Due to the large increase in the use of the intrathecal catheter following this complication, a follow‐up questionnaire was posted 5 months later to those units (n = 99) that reported this practice in the initial survey, with a 94% response rate. The two most commonly cited reasons for intrathecal catheterisation were to avoid further dural puncture (76%) and to allow immediate analgesia for labour (75%).
Clinical evaluation of the ‘T‐Dagger™’: a new bedside percutaneous dilational tracheostomy device*
Authors: Ambesh S. P. , Tripathi M. , Pandey C. K. , Pant K. C. , Singh P. K. 
Published: June 2005

SummaryA number of percutaneous dilational tracheostomy devices are now available for clinical use. Recently, a new percutaneous dilational tracheostomy device, the ‘T‐Dagger™’ (Criticure Invasives, India), has been introduced for rapid bedside percutaneous tracheostomy. In a prospective preliminary study, we have performed percutaneous dilational tracheostomy (PDT) using the T‐Dagger™ in 20 adult ventilated patients in order to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the new device. The T‐Dagger™ facilitated bedside PDT in about 3 min with no untoward incidents. There was no significant bleeding, pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, tracheal wall injuries or difficulty in ventilation in any of the patients. We conclude that the T‐Dagger™ shows early promise in bedside percutaneous dilational tracheostomy. However, controlled studies are required in a larger patient population before it can be recommended for routine use.
Inbreeding and kinship in the antPlagiolepis pygmaea
Authors: TRONTTI K. , ARON S. , SUNDSTRÖM L. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIn ants the presence of multiple reproductive queens (polygyny) decreases the relatedness among workers and the brood they rear, and subsequently dilutes their inclusive fitness benefits from helping. However, adoption of colony daughters, low male dispersal in conjunction with intranidal (within nest) mating and colony reproduction by budding may preserve local genetic differences, and slow down the erosion of relatedness. Reduced dispersal and intranidal mating may, however, also lead to detrimental effects owing to competition and inbreeding. We studied mating and dispersal patterns, and colony kinship in three populations of the polygynous antPlagiolepis pygmaeausing microsatellite markers. We found that the populations were genetically differentiated, but also a considerable degree of genetic structuring within populations. The genetic viscosity within populations can be attributed to few genetically homogeneous colony networks, which presumably have arisen through colony reproduction by budding. Hence, selection may act at different levels, the individuals, the colonies and colony networks. All populations were also significantly inbred (F = 0.265) suggesting high frequencies of intranidal mating and low male dispersal. Consequently the mean regression relatedness among workers was significantly higher (r = 0.529–0.546) than would be expected under the typically reported number (5–35) of queens in nests of the species. Furthermore, new queens were mainly recruited from their natal or a neighbouring related colony. Finally, the effective number of queens coincided with that found upon excavation, suggesting low reproductive skew.
Activity variation in alcohol dehydrogenase paralogs is associated with adaptation to cactus host use in cactophilicDrosophila
Authors: MATZKIN LUCIANO M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractDrosophila mojavensisandDrosophila arizonaeare species of cactophilic flies that share a recent duplication of the alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh) locus. One paralog (Adh‐2) is expressed in adult tissues and the other (Adh‐1) in larvae and ovaries. Enzyme activity measurements of the ADH‐2 amino acid polymorphism inD. mojavensissuggest that the Fast allozyme allele has a higher activity on 2‐propanol than 1‐propanol. The Fast allele was found at highest frequency in populations that utilize hosts with high proportions of 2‐propanol, while the Slow allele is most frequent in populations that utilize hosts with high proportions of 1‐propanol. This suggests that selection for ADH‐2 allozyme alleles with higher activity on the most abundant alcohols is occurring in eachD. mojavensispopulation. In the other paralog, ADH‐1, significant differences betweenD. mojavensisandD. arizonaeare associated with a previously shown pattern of adaptive protein evolution inD. mojavensis. Examination of protein sequences showed that a large number of amino acid fixations between the paralogs have occurred in catalytic residues. These changes are potentially responsible for the significant difference in substrate specificity between the paralogs. Both functional and sequence variation within and between paralogs suggests thatAdhhas played an important role in the adaptation ofD. mojavensisandD. arizonaeto their cactophilic life.