bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Indicators of Energetic Status in Juvenile Coho Salmon and Chinook Salmon
Authors: Trudel M. , Tucker S. , Morris J. F. T. , Higgs D. A. , Welch D. W. 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
Bioenergetic models frequently rely on published values or models for estimating the energy density of fish, principally because of the cost and effort of obtaining direct measurements. In this study, we developed empirical models of energy density for free-ranging juvenile coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch and Chinook salmon O. tshawytscha sampled at sea from the west coast of Oregon to Kodiak Island, Alaska, and we evaluated the accuracy of published energy density models commonly used for these species. Our analyses showed that the energy density of juvenile coho and Chinook salmon was strongly correlated to percent dry weight and proximate constituents (especially lipid and, to a lesser extent, protein concentrations) but poorly correlated to body size and condition factor. Percent dry weight of whole fish was the single best predictor of energy density for both species, accounting for more than 90% of the variance in energy density. We also found that percent dry weight in the muscle tissue accounted for 65% of the variance in energy density. Changes in energy density mainly reflected changes in lipid composition. These results indicate that accurate estimates of energy density could be obtained at low effort and cost for juvenile coho and Chinook salmon simply by determining the water contents in whole-fish or muscle samples. Published models overestimate the energy density of juvenile coho and Chinook salmon collected from the Pacific Ocean. This may result from the extrapolation of the models to different size-classes, life stages, or habitats. More caution is needed when models are extrapolated to conditions beyond those that were used for their development.
Exocytosis sensitivity to growth hormone-releasing hormone in subsets of GH cells in rats under different corticosterone conditions. Ultrastructural study using microwave irradiation for fixation and immunocytochemistry
Authors: Ozawa Hitoshi , Han Fang , Kawata Mitsuhiro 
Published: March 2005

Growth hormone (GH) cells in the rat anterior pituitary have been morphologically classified into three subtypes: type I (mature) containing large secretory granules about 350 nm in diameter, type II (intermediate) containing a mixture of large and small granules, and type III (immature) containing small granules about 150 nm in diameter. However, the functional implications of morphological heterogeneity, especially the different sensitivities to growth hormone-releasing hormone (GRH) under different corticosteroid conditions have not been elucidated to date.
In the present study, by application of microwave irradiation (MWI) for fixation and immunocytochemistry, new findings of the exocytotic response have been revealed among the subsets of GH cells following adrenalectomy (ADX), corticosterone treatment and/or GRH treatment.
The MWI gave effective results for fixation, especially for the permeability of the fixative, and showed good results for immunoelectron microscopy using the protein-A gold method. Moreover, the use of MWI greatly shortened the fixation, processing and immunolabeling times without compromising the quality of ultrastructural preservation and the specificity of labeling.
The number of exocytotic figures was low in all subtypes of GH cells in the sham-operated control rats. GRH treatment induced a significant increase in exocytosis in each subtype of GH cells, particularly in type I (mature) and type II (intermediate) GH cells in the control rats. GRH injection to rats for 4 days after ADX also showed an increase in exocytosis, but the degree was significantly less in comparison with the GRH injection in the control group. Corticosterone replacement given to ADX rats induced a clear recovery of the exocytotic response to GRH to the control level. Serum GH content measured by radioimmunoassay correlated with these morphological results.
These results suggest that the secretion of GH stimulated by GRH is closely related to corticosteroids, and that the sensitivity to GRH differs among the three subtypes of GH cells.
Thrombopoietin regulates proliferation, apoptosis, secretory activity and intracellular messengers in porcine ovarian follicular cells: involvement of protein kinase A
Authors: Sirotkin A V , Sanislo P , Schaeffer H-J , Florkovičová I , Kotwica J , Bulla J , Hetényi L 
Published: March 2005

Thrombopoietin (TPO) is known to be involved in megakariocytopoesis, but its role in the control of ovarian function is unknown. The aims of this study were to determine whether TPO can regulate the proliferation, apoptosis and secretory activity of ovarian cells, to identify possible intracellular mediators of TPO action, especially protein kinase A (PKA), and to define their interrelationships within ovarian cells. We investigated the effect of TPO treatment (0, 1, 10 or 100 ng/ml) on the following characteristics of cultured porcine ovarian follicles, determined using SDS-PAGE and Western blotting, immunocytochemistry, RIA and ELISA: the expression of intracellular peptides associated with proliferation (PCNA), apoptosis (Bax), tyrosine kinase (TK, phosphotyrosine), Cdc2/p34 kinase, PKA and the transcription factor CREB-1, and the secretion of progesterone, androstenedione, estradiol-17β, oxytocin, inhibin A, inhibin B, IGF-I, transforming growth factor-2β (TGF-2β) and IGF-binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3). The involvement of PKA-dependent pathways was examined by evaluating the effect of a PKA blocker (KT5720, 1 μg/ml), either alone or in combination with TPO, on the parameters listed above.
A TPO-induced increase in expression of PCNA, Bax, PKA, TK, Cdc2/p34 and CREB was observed. Furthermore, TPO was able to inhibit androstenedione, estradiol, TGF-2β and IGFBP-3 secretion, and to stimulate oxytocin, inhibin A, inhibin B and IGF-I secretion. Progesterone secretion was not stimulated. The PKA blocker KT5720, when given alone, reduced the expression of Bax and TGF-2β, augmented the expression of PKA, CREB and oxytocin, but did not influence the secretion of progesterone, androstenedione, estradiol, IGFBP-3, inhibins A and B or IGF-I. When given together with TPO, the PKA blocker prevented or reversed the action of TPO on PKA, CREB, androstenedione, estradiol, IGFBP-3, oxytocin, but not its effect on Bax, TGF-2β or inhibin B. On the other hand, treatment with KT5720 augmented the effect of TPO on progesterone, inhibin A and IGF-I.
These results provide the first evidence that TPO may be a potent regulator of ovarian function (e.g. proliferation, apoptosis and the secretion of peptide hormones, steroids, growth factors and growth factor-binding protein, as well as of the expression of some intracellular messengers). Furthermore, they demonstrated the importance of PKA in controlling these functions and in mediating the effects of TPO on ovarian cells. It remains possible that other (TK- and Cdc2/p34-dependent) intracellular mechanisms are also involved in mediating TPO action on the ovary.
Cloning and functional expression of the equine luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotrophin receptor
Authors: Saint-Dizier Marie , Foulon-Gauze Florence , Lecompte François , Combarnous Yves , Chopineau Maryse 
Published: March 2005

Pituitary equine luteinizing hormone (eLH) and fetal chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG) have identical polypeptidic chains, but different linked carbohydrates. In equine tissues, eCG and eLH bind only to the LH/CG receptor (eLH/CG-R) and have no FSH activity. However, radio-receptor assays on equine luteal or testicular tissues have shown that eCG binds to the eLH/CG-R with only 2–4% of the binding activity of eLH. In order to study the structure–function relationship of eLH and eCG in a homologous sytem, we undertook the cloning and functional expression of the eLH/CG-R.
Based on sequence homologies among mammalian sequences for the LH/CG-R, overlapping partial fragments of LH/CG-R cDNAs were obtained from mare luteal RNA using reverse transcription-PCR and 5′-rapid amplification of cDNA ends. Ligations of the partial cDNA fragments encoded a part of the signal peptide followed by a putative 672 amino acid eLH/CG-R mature protein. The mature eLH/CG-R displayed 88.2–92.8% overall sequence homology with the other mammalian LH/CG-Rs and contained one unique seventh N-glycosylation site in its extracellular domain.
COS-7 cells were transiently transfected with a cDNA construct encoding an engineered complete signal peptide and the mature eLH/CG-R. Membrane preparations from transfected COS-7 cells bound 125I-eLH with high affinity (Kd 3.8 × 10−10 M). On a molar basis, eCG competed with 125I-eLH on membrane preparations with only 12.4% of the eLH binding activity. In transfected COS-7, both eLH and eCG increased the extracellular cAMP concentration in a dose-dependent manner, whereas eFSH did not. Furthermore, on a molar basis, eCG stimulated cAMP production with only 13.9% of the eLH stimulating activity.
We conclude that the cloned cDNA encodes a The differences functional eLH/CG-R. between eLH and eCG activities towards this receptor will be useful in studies of the influence of carbohydrates on gonadotrophin receptor binding and activation.
Coronally Repositioning the Cemento‐Enamel Junction to Address Gingival Margin Discrepancies
Authors: McNeely Thomas E. 
Published: March 2005

Background: Gingival margin discrepancies, especially in the esthetic zone, can pose a challenge for the restorative dentist. Surgical clinical crown lengthening and orthodontic tooth movement are most often used to treat these situations. In this report, an additional surgical technique will be discussed with its indications for use.Methods: Three cases are presented, each with a different type of gingival margin discrepancy. The surgical technique used was the same for all cases. It involved establishing a new, more coronally positioned cementoenamel junction (CEJ) through the use of a finishing bur and curets. The newly exposed root surface was then covered with connective tissue, thus effecting a movement of the gingival margin in a coronal position.Results: Clinical outcomes resulted in a more natural soft tissue relationship between the treated tooth and the adjacent dentition. The three cases presented did not appear to have any negative periodontal or restorative consequences following the procedure.Conclusions: This report presents another technique which can be considered when the clinician is faced with the need to move the gingival margin in a coronal direction. Within the guidelines presented, this technique appears to be predictable, less complicated, and less time consuming to carry out when compared with other available options. J Periodontol 2005;76:138‐142.
Langerhans‐Cell Histiocytosis: A Clinical Case Without Bone Involvement
Authors: Manfredi M. , Corradi D. , Vescovi P. 
Published: March 2005

Background: Langerhans‐cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a group of rare disorders histologically characterized by the proliferation of Langerhans cells. Multiple organs and systems may be involved by the disease. Typically, there is bone involvement and, less frequently, lesions may be found in the lungs, liver, lymph nodes, skin, and mucosae. Oral soft tissue lesions without bone involvement are rare.Methods: We report a case of a 23‐year‐old man with LCH detected by oral soft tissue, cutaneous, and lung lesions.Results: Due to the oral lesion diagnosis, important procedures were performed, which determined the staging of the disease.Conclusion: Gingival lesions could be one of the first manifestations of LCH. The periodontist should recognize and detect this important pathology with oral involvement. J Periodontol 2005;76:143‐147.
Non‐Surgical Periodontal Therapy With Adjunctive Topical Doxycycline: A Double‐Masked, Randomized, Controlled Multicenter Study. II. Microbiological Results
Authors: Ratka‐Krüger Petra , Schacher Beate , Bürklin Thomas , Böddinghaus Boris , Holle Rolf , Renggli Heinz H. , Eickholz Peter , Kim Ti‐Sun 
Published: March 2005

Background: Topical application of active substances offers an additional option in periodontal therapy. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of the administration of a novel, biodegradable 14% doxycycline gel on microbiological findings, in connection with scaling and root planing.Methods: One hundred ten patients in three centers (Frankfurt and Heidelberg, Germany; Nijmegen, The Netherlands) with moderate to advanced periodontitis were evaluated in this randomized, double‐masked, split‐mouth clinical trial. In each patient, three test teeth were randomly assigned to one of three treatment modalities: 1) scaling and root planing (SRP) alone; 2) SRP with subgingival placebo gel (VEH); or 3) SRP and 14% doxycycline gel (DOX). Subgingival plaque samples were analyzed at baseline and 3 and 6 months after therapy for Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (A.a.), Tannerella forsythensis (T.f.), Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.g.), and Treponema denticola (T.d.) using a RNA probe. Samples from 10 patients were tested for resistance against doxycycline, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, cefoxitin, clindamycin, and metronidazole using agar diffusion testing.Results: The largest decrease in pathogens was found after 3 months, with the most pronounced differences between DOX and SRP (P <0.05). At 6 months, pathogens were still reduced markedly in all groups. Treatment results were consolidated for VEH and DOX, with a slight deterioration for SRP (DOX versus SRP: P <0.001). Resistance was observed to amoxycillin/clavulanic acid, cefoxitin, clindamycin, and metronidazole (four isolates) but not to doxycycline.Conclusion: The addition of subgingival instillation of a 14% doxycycline gel resulted in pronounced reduction of periodontal pathogens after 3 months and stabilizing results up to 6 months after therapy. Resistance to doxycycline was not induced. J Periodontol 2005;76:66‐74.
Taxonomic affinities and evolutionary history of the early Pleistocene hominids of Java: Dentognathic evidence
Authors: Kaifu Yousuke , Baba Hisao , Aziz Fachroel , Indriati Etty , Schrenk Friedemann , Jacob Teuku 
Published: March 2005

AbstractTemporal changes, within‐group variation, and phylogenetic positions of the Early Pleistocene Javanese hominids remain unclear. Recent debate focused on the age of the oldest Javanese hominids, but the argument so far includes little morphological basis for the fossils. To approach these questions, we analyzed a comprehensive dentognathic sample from Sangiran, which includes most of the existing hominid mandibles and teeth from the Early Pleistocene of Java. The sample was divided into chronologically younger and older groups. We examined morphological differences between these chronological groups, and investigated their affinities with other hominid groups from Africa and Eurasia. The results indicated that 1) there are remarkable morphological differences between the chronologically younger and older groups of Java, 2) the chronologically younger group is morphologically advanced, showing a similar degree of dentognathic reduction to that of Middle Pleistocene Chinese H. erectus, and 3) the chronologically older group exhibits some features that are equally primitive as or more primitive than early H. erectus of Africa. These findings suggest that the evolutionary history of early Javanese H. erectus was more dynamic than previously thought. Coupled with recent discoveries of the earliest form of H. erectus from Dmanisi, Georgia, the primitive aspects of the oldest Javanese hominid remains suggest that hominid groups prior to the grade of ca. 1.8–1.5 Ma African early H. erectus dispersed into eastern Eurasia during the earlier Early Pleistocene, although the age of the Javanese hominids themselves is yet to be resolved. Subsequent periods of the Early Pleistocene witnessed remarkable changes in the Javanese hominid record, which are ascribed either to significant in situ evolution or replacement of populations. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lack of trastuzumab activity in nonsmall cell lung carcinoma with overexpression of erb‐B2
Authors: Clamon Gerald , Herndon James , Kern Jeffrey , Govindan Ramaswamy , Garst Jennifer , Watson Dorothy , Green Mark 
Published: March 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe overexpression of HER‐2 occurs in a minority of patients with nonsmall cell lung carcinoma. Trastuzumab, which is a monoclonal antibody to HER‐2, is an effective treatment in some women with breast carcinomas that overexpress HER‐2, as demonstrated by immunohistochemistry. The objective of this Phase II study was to determine whether trastuzumab would effect responses in patients with nonsmall cell lung carcinoma who had tumors that overexpressed HER‐2.METHODSPatients were required to have Stage IIIB or Stage IV nonsmall cell lung carcinoma and tumors with 2+ or 3+ expression of HER‐2, as determined with immunohistochemistry, and they may have received up to 1 prior chemotherapy regimen. Trastuzumab at a dose of 4 mg/kg was given intravenously on Week 1; then, weekly doses of 2 mg/kg were given. Response revaluation was performed every 8 weeks.RESULTSAmong 209 screened patients, 24 patients (11%) had tumors with 2+ or 3+ expression of HER‐2. One patient achieved a partial response, and one patient experienced a treatment‐related death due to pulmonary toxicity.CONCLUSIONSSingle‐agent trastuzumab did not exhibit significant clinical activity against nonsmall cell lung carcinoma when HER‐2 expression levels were measured by immunohistochemistry. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Distances in random graphs with finite variance degrees
Authors: van der Hofstad Remco , Hooghiemstra Gerard , Van Mieghem Piet 
Published: March 2005

AbstractIn this paper we study a random graph withNnodes, where nodejhas degreeDjand {Dj}are i.i.d. with ℙ(Dj≤x) =F(x). We assume that 1 −F(x) ≤cx−τ+1for some τ > 3 and some constantc> 0. This graph model is a variant of the so‐called configuration model, and includes heavy tail degrees with finite variance. The minimal number of edges between two arbitrary connected nodes, also known as the graph distance or the hopcount, is investigated whenN→ ∞. We prove that the graph distance grows like logνN, when the base of the logarithm equals ν = 𝔼[Dj(Dj− 1)]/𝔼[Dj] > 1. This confirms the heuristic argument of Newman, Strogatz, and Watts [Phys Rev E 64 (2002), 026118, 1–17]. In addition, the random fluctuations around this asymptotic mean logνNare characterized and shown to be uniformly bounded. In particular, we show convergence in distribution of the centered graph distance along exponentially growing subsequences. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2005
Impact of new advances in seismology and geotechnical engineering on structural design since the Northridge earthquake
Authors: Lew Marshall , Acosta J. Adolfo 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe Northridge earthquake has brought a decade of change in the practice of engineering for all structures, and for tall buildings in particular. With the earlier Loma Prieta earthquake in Northern California, there was already some impetus and momentum to improve seismic safety and reduce risks from seismic hazards. However, the extensive damage and economic losses from the Northridge earthquake fueled greater public will to meet the challenges and provide programs for the reduction of losses and human casualties. In the geotechnical engineering discipline, many of the advances involved a more consistent application of seismic risk across the United States in dealing with strong ground motions. Initiatives were set in place to develop seismic hazard models of the possible earthquake sources that affect the country and to use these models in developing design criteria for seismic design in all regions of the United States, not just in California. These ground motion estimates are now accounted for in the latest design guidelines and building codes; however, the treatments in these documents is simplified and not always tied to reality. Ground motions are complex and advances are being made to understand the complexities and explain the variations. Great advances in seismology have occurred in the 10 years since Northridge, and these advances will be incorporated into building design and analysis with time. Other advances have been made in the area of defining seismic hazards that result from ground failures in California. The Northridge and earlier earthquakes demonstrated that ground failures (especially related to soil liquefaction and landsliding) can present a significant risk and result in large losses. In the decade since the Northridge earthquake, structural analysis has advanced with leaps and bounds due to advances in computer software and hardware. Complex three‐dimensional analyses in the time domain once relegated to only large mainframe computers can now be performed on desktop computers in most structural engineering offices. To model the seismic behavior of structures more accurately, better modeling of the soil–structure interface as well as the soil has become necessary. Models incorporating the appropriate soil behavior provide for better understanding of the forces and displacements of the structures under seismic loading and possibly avoid overconservatism by not accounting for the soil behavior. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Self‐organization and complexity in historical landscape patterns
Authors: Bolliger Janine , Sprott Julien C. , Mladenoff David J. 
Published: March 2005

Self‐organization describes the evolution process of complex structures where systems emerge spontaneously, driven internally by variations of the system itself. Self‐organization to the critical state is manifested by scale‐free behavior across many orders of magnitude (Bak et al. 1987, Bak 1996, Solé et al. 1999). Spatial scale‐free behavior implies fractal properties and is quantified by the fractal dimension. Temporal scale‐free behavior is evident in power spectra of fluctuations that obey power laws. Self‐organized criticality is a universal phenomenon that likely produces some of the fractals and power laws observed in nature.We investigated the historical landscape of southern Wisconsin (USA) (60,000 km2) for self‐organization and complexity. The landscape is patterned into prairies, savannas, and open and closed forests, using data from the United States General Land Office Surveys that were conducted during the 19th century, at a time prior to Euro‐American settlement.We applied a two‐dimensional cellular automaton model with one adjustable parameter. Model evolution replaces a cell that dies at random times by a cell chosen randomly from within a circular radiusr, wherertypically takes values between 1 (local) and 10 units (regional). Cluster probability is used to measure the degree of organization. The model landscape self‐organizes to a realistic critical state if neighborhoods of intermediate size (r=3) are chosen, indicating that (a) no particular time or space scale for the clusters is singled out, i.e. the spatial dependence is fractal, and temporal fluctuations in the cluster probability exhibit power laws; (b) a simple model suffices to replicate the landscape pattern resulting from complex spatial and temporal interactions.Measures of comparison between the observed and the simulated landscape show good agreement: fractal dimensions for simulated (1.6) and observed landscapes (1.64), cluster probabilities for simulated (32.3%) and observed (32.6%) landscapes, and algorithmic complexity for simulated (6792 bytes) and observed (6205 bytes) landscapes. The results are robust towards variation of initial and boundary conditions as well as perturbations.