bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dust explosion prevention by addition of thermal inhibitors
Authors: Amyotte Paul R. , Pegg Michael J. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractCombustible dusts such as flour, sugar, metals, plastics and coal are produced as end‐ or by‐products in many industries, including the chemical process industries. The risk of fire or explosion in the handling of these dusts has prompted considerable research effort in the areas of explosion prevention and mitigation. While this work has generally resulted in safer plant operation, the dust explosion hazard has not been eliminated.
Electrostatic hazards of pneumatic conveying of powders
Authors: James Dahn C. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThe potential for dust explosion from electrostatic discharge in pneumatic Conveying systems has been reviewed. The importance of lab testing to determine electrostatic charging of powders in contact with materials of construction is illustrated. Correlation of predicted voltage fields (from lab testing) to full scale is good. With the voltage field information, ESD potential at various parts of the pneumatic conveying system can be determined (primarily in receivers, silo and separator).
IT‐Security‐Ping‐Pong: IT‐Risk‐Management muss ganzheitlich betrachtet werden
Authors: Romeike Frank , Erben Roland Franz 
Published: June 2004

Abstract„Kann et losgahn?”︁ seggt' de Haas'. „Ja wol”︁ seggt' de Swinegel. „Denn man to”︁ un damit stellde jeder sick in siene Föhr, de Haas' tellde: „Hahl Een! Hahl Twee! Hahl Dree!”︁ un los güng he wi en Stormwind, den Acker hindahl. De Swinegel aver löp ungefähr man dree Schritt, dann duhkde he sick dahl in de Föhr un blev ruhig sitten. As nu de Haas' in vullen Lopen ünnen am Acker anköm, röp em den Swinegel sien Fro entgegen: „Ick bün all hier!”︁
Blick durch das Schicksalsfenster: Sonne oder Sturm? — Strategieentwicklung mit der SWOT‐Matrix
Authors: Wagemann Bernard 
Published: June 2004

AbstractDie SWOT‐Matrix ist ein einfaches und bewährtes Instrument zur Darstellung der strategischen Situation eines Unternehmens: Sie stellt außenbedingte Chancen und Risiken sowie unternehmensbedingte Stärken und Schwächen einander gegenüber und ist gewissermaßen das Herzstück der Strategieentwicklung. Trotzdem findet man in der Fachliteratur kaum einen effizienten Ansatz zur Auswertung dieser Matrix. Die hier vorgestellte Methode der Fokusanalyse bietet ein praxiserprobtes Instrument, um die vier Fenster der SWOTMatrix in ihrer Bedeutung konsequent zu interpretieren und strategische Schwerpunktaufgaben abzuleiten.
Motivation des schwächsten Glieds — Der Faktor Mensch wird im IT Risk Management (wieder)entdeckt!
Authors: Romeike Frank , Erben Roland Franz 
Published: June 2004

AbstractDas Fundament jedes Risk‐Management‐Prozesses und die Grundlage jeder Risiko‐Steuerung ist ein angemessenes Risiko‐Bewusstsein. Dieses Risiko‐ Bewusstsein ist wiederum stark von der Risiko‐Wahrnehmung abhängig. Was für den Einen ein Risiko ist, braucht für den Anderen noch lange keines zu sein. Denn Risiko ist ein Konstrukt. Risiko ist das subjektive Resultat der Eindrücke, die wir über unsere Augen, Ohren, unsere Nase, unseren Tastsinn und unsere Geschmacksorgane aufnehmen. Unsere fünf Sinne gaukeln uns möglicherweise Risiken vor, die sich später nur als Illusion erweisen. Oder unser Gehirn nimmt bestimmte Risiken gar nicht mehr wahr, weil es glaubt, vor ihnen sicher zu sein — etwa, wenn wir im IT‐Bereich bereits alle möglichen technischen Maßnahmen wie Firewalls, Intrusion Detection Systeme etc. eingeführt haben. Manchmal sehen wir eben vor lauter Bäumen den Wald nicht mehr.
Experimental reintroduction of woody debris on the Williams River, NSW: geomorphic and ecological responses
Authors: Brooks Andrew P. , Gehrke Peter C. , Jansen John D. , Abbe Tim B. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractA total of 436 logs were used to create 20 engineered log jams (ELJs) in a 1.1 km reach of the Williams River, NSW, Australia, a gravel‐bed river that has been desnagged and had most of its riparian vegetation removed over the last 200 years. The experiment was designed to test the effectiveness of reintroducing woody debris (WD) as a means of improving channel stability and recreating habitat diversity. The study assessed geomorphic and ecological responses to introducing woody habitat by comparing paired test and control reaches. Channel characteristics (e.g. bedforms, bars, texture) within test and control reaches were assessed before and after wood placement to quantify the morphological variability induced by the ELJs in the test reach. Since construction in September 2000, the ELJs have been subjected to five overtopping flows, three of which were larger than the mean annual flood. A high‐resolution three‐dimensional survey of both reaches was completed after major bed‐mobilizing flows. Cumulative changes induced by consecutive floods were also assessed. After 12 months, the major geomorphologic changes in the test reach included an increase in pool and riffle area and pool depth; the addition of a pool–riffle sequence; an increase by 0.5–1 m in pool–riffle amplitude; a net gain of 40 m3 of sediment storage per 1000 m2 of channel area (while the control reach experienced a net loss of 15 m3/1000 m2 over the same period); and a substantial increase in the spatial complexity of bed‐material distribution. Fish assemblages in the test reach showed an increase in species richness and abundance, and reduced temporal variability compared to the reference reach, suggesting that the changes in physical habitat were beneficial to fish at the reach scale. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessing variation in suitability curves and electivity profiles in temporal studies of fish habitat use
Authors: Vilizzi Lorenzo , Copp Gordon H. , Roussel Jean‐Marc 
Published: June 2004

AbstractUnder experimental conditions, we tested whether variations in preference curves, weighted usable areas, and electivity profiles for velocity of 0+ juvenile barbel Barbus barbus could be attributed to environmental variables (discharge, water depth, time of day) and/or time of sampling. We elaborated preference curves and weighted usable areas according to the Instream Flow Incremental Methodology, as well as electivity profiles. Variation among preference curves, weighted usable areas and electivity profiles was always observed, regardless of time of day, water depth, or discharge combinations. Our results support published concerns that the shape of preference curves is highly dependent on the time of data collection, and that curves derived from a single field sampling excursion can be viewed as representative for that moment in time only, whereas curves generated as composites from typological or time‐series samples may provide an approximation for a study area, but at the expense of between‐site and/or between‐date variation. Spatial/temporal variation is an important aspect of fish habitat studies and should be incorporated as a (layered) component into descriptive/predictive models. To this end, we illustrate how a PCA‐based technique and log‐linear modelling can be used to assess temporal patterns in collections of preference curves and electivity profiles, respectively. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relationship between overnight neuroendocrine activity and morning haemostasis in working men
Authors: von KÄNEL Roland , KUDIELKA Brigitte M. , ABD-el-RAZIK Adham , GANDER Marie-Louise , FREY Karl , FISCHER Joachim E. 
Published: June 2004

Sustained effects of SNS (sympathetic nervous system) and HPAA (hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis) hyperactivity on haemostasis have not been investigated. In the present study, we tested for an association of overnight urinary catecholamine and cortisol excretion with morning plasma levels of fibrinogen, PAI-1 (plasminogen activator inhibitor-1) and D-dimer. Participants (639 male industrial employees) with a complete dataset were studied (age, 41±11 years; mean±S.D.). Subjects collected overnight urinary samples and had a fasting morning blood sample drawn. Measurement of urinary adrenaline (epinephrine), noradrenaline (norepinephrine) and cortisol were dichotomized to perform multivariate analyses of (co)variance. Haemostatic parameters were measured by ELISA. Fibrinogen was higher in men with high adrenaline (F7,631=5.68, P=0.018; where the subscripted value represents the degrees of freedom) and high noradrenaline (F7,631=4.19, P=0.041) compared with men with low excretion of the respective hormones. PAI-1 was higher in men with high cortisol than in men with low cortisol (F7,631=4.77, P=0.029). Interaction revealed that subjects with high cortisol/low noradrenaline had higher PAI-1 than subjects with low cortisol/high noradrenaline (P=0.038). Subjects with high adrenaline/high noradrenaline had higher D-dimer than subjects with high adrenaline/low noradrenaline (P=0.029), low adrenaline/high noradrenaline (P=0.022) and low adrenaline/low noradrenaline (not significant). When covariance for several confounders of haemostatic function was determined, the main effect of adrenaline on fibrinogen and the interaction between adrenaline and noradrenaline for D-dimer maintained significance. Although overnight SNS hyperactivity was associated independently with morning hypercoagulability, the relationship between the activity of HPAA and haemostasis was mediated by traditional cardiovascular risk factors.
Low melatonin excretion during mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit
Authors: FRISK Ulla , OLSSON Joel , NYLÉN Per , HAHN Robert G. 
Published: June 2004

Biochemical markers for the circadian rhythm were studied in patients treated at the ICU (intensive care unit) of two regional hospitals. A normal rhythm is characterized by a relatively higher melatonin and a lower cortisol excretion at night. Disturbances affect sleep, mood and cognitive performance. All urine excreted between 07:00 and 22:00 hours (day) and between 22:00 and 07:00 hours (night) was collected and sampled throughout the entire ICU period (median, 10 days) in 16 patients for the excretion of 6-SMT (6-sulphatoxymelatonin), which is a metabolite of melatonin, and free cortisol. The overall excretion of 6-SMT was slightly lower and the cortisol excretion higher than reported for healthy reference populations. Mechanical ventilation was associated with a markedly lower 6-SMT excretion (median, 198 ng/h) compared with periods without such help (555 ng/h; P&lt;0.0001), whereas infusion of adrenergic drugs increased the 6-SMT excretion (P&lt;0.01). Five patients (31%) showed a virtually absent melatonin excretion for 24 h or more. The diurnal rhythms were consistently or periodically disturbed in 65% and 75% of the patients. These alterations cannot be explained by excessive exposure to light at night. In conclusion, there was hyposecretion of melatonin during mechanical ventilation, an overall high cortisol excretion and a disturbed diurnal rhythm of both of these hormones in most patients treated in two ICU departments.
Evidence for a complex risk profile in obese postmenopausal Turkish women with hypertriglyceridaemia and elevated apolipoprotein B
Authors: ONAT Altan , YAZICI Mehmet , CAN Günay , SNIDERMAN Allan 
Published: June 2004

The aim of the present study was to examine possible pathophysiological relationships among a wide array of proatherogenic risk factors in postmenopausal women. Fasting lipids, apoB (apolipoprotein B), BMI (body mass index) and waist circumference were measured in 178 women (59.4±7.2 years) from the Turkish Adult Risk Factor Study. Fasting levels of complement C3, insulin, SHBG (sex hormone-binding globulin), cortisol, oestradiol, testosterone and DHEA-S (dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate) were also determined. This is the first study to examine the relationships of all these variables with apoB. In the first of two different approaches, three groups of obese women were compared. Group 1 comprised women who were normolipidaemic with normal apoB; group 2, women who were hypertriglyceridaemic, but with normal apoB; and group 3, women who were hypertriglyceridaemic with elevated apoB. Complement C3, fasting insulin and glucose were significantly higher and HDL-C (high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol) and SHBG levels were significantly lower in group 3 than in group 1. In the former group, the testosterone/SHBG ratio tended to be higher, indicating more free testosterone, than in group 1. The mean risk score in group 3 and the odds ratio for coronary disease by logistic regression analysis were significantly higher, 2.56 (confidence intervals, 1.12–5.85; P=0.026), compared with the two other groups combined. In examining the whole group, apoB levels correlated significantly with a wider array of pro-atherogenic risk factors than did LDL-C (low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol), particularly being linked to complement C3 and glucose, as well as the risk score. Complement C3 demonstrated the widest associations and was significantly linked with BMI, waist circumference, insulin, glucose, fibrinogen, triacylglycerols (triglycerides) and apoB and was inversely correlated with HDL-C and SHBG. SHBG was also correlated inversely with a wide spectrum of risk variables. In summary, in Turkish women, apoB was linked with a complex array of proatherogenic risk factors, and hypertriglyceridaemia with elevated apoB was associated with a higher risk of coronary disease.
THE INTERACTION OF DONOR AND HOST LYMPHOID CELLS IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF RENAL CORTICAL DESTRUCTION INDUCED BY A LOCAL GRAFT VERSUS HOST REACTION
Authors: Elkins William L. 
Published: June 2004

The graft versus host reaction (GVHR), which results from the injection of parental strain spleen cells beneath the kidney capsule of F1 hybrid rats, is transferable during its developmental phase into F1 hybrid hosts isogeneic with the primary host, but not into secondary hosts of the parental (donor) strain. Furthermore, the GVHR propagates but rarely in secondary hybrid hosts which are allogeneic with respect to the primary hosts, but which are also genetically tolerant of donor-type cells. These findings indicate that the donor cells not only initiate the GVHR but also maintain it by virtue of immunologically specific activity.
Whole-body irradiation of (LBf)F1 and (LBN)F1 hosts 24 hours prior to the injection of parental (L) spleen cells results in inhibition of the subsequent GVHR to a degree commensurate with the radiation damage sustained by the lymphoid system of the host. Furthermore, propagation of transferred GVHRs did not occur if susceptible secondary hybrid hosts had been previously irradiated. These findings indicate that radiosensitive host cells play a continuing and essential role in the pathogenesis of the invasive-destructive lesion. It is concluded that the development of this lesion depends upon the continuous interaction of the specifically reactive donor-type cells with an immunologically non-specific population of host mononuclears.
IN VITRO STUDIES ON RADIATION LYMPHOID RECOVERY OF MOUSE SPLEEN
Authors: Globerson Amiela 
Published: June 2004

In vitro studies, utilizing an organ culture method were reported on mutual interactions between irradiated spleen, normal bone marrow, and thymus. It has been shown; (a) that singly isolated spleen explants were incapable of lymphoid regeneration, (b) thymus had no stimulatory effect on spleen regeneration, (c) bone marrow interacted synergistically with spleen leading to appearance of lymphoid cells which were not detected in singly isolated bone marrow or spleen, and (d) no stimulation of lymphopoiesis in bone marrow was conferred by thymus in the absence of spleen.
The results are discussed in terms of possible mechanisms involved in lymphoid radiation recovery in vivo.
IMMUNOLOGIC COMPETENCE OF THORACIC DUCT CELLS
Authors: Coe John E. , Feldman Joseph D. , Lee Sun 
Published: June 2004

Delayed hypersensitivity was produced in donor Lewis rats by sensitization with soluble protein antigens emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant. Cells of their thoracic duct lymph were collected for varying periods of time and transferred intravenously to isogenic Lewis recipients. With this model the following conclusions were reached:
1. Delayed hypersensitivity was transferred by thoracic duct cells.
2. The longer the drainage of the thoracic duct, the fewer cells were needed to achieve a successful transfer. With continuing drainage the proportion of small lymphocytes decreased and large cells increased. There was, therefore, a better correlation between successful transfer of delayed hypersensitivity and the number of large cells transfused than between positive skin reactions and transfer of small lymphocytes.
3. Prolonged fistula of the thoracic duct did not diminish the skin reaction of sensitized donors to specific antigen.
4. Delayed hypersensitivity was elicited in recipients 3 wk after transfer of sensitized cells. There was evidence that delayed hypersensitivity was enhanced in recipients, possibly because of prior skin testing.
5. Total body X-irradiation abolished the lesions of passively transferred delayed hypersensitivity. Recovery of positive skin tests was observed 19 to 20 days later.
6. The lesions of delayed hypersensitivity were probably mediated by cells. There was no evidence that a circulating high affinity antibody played a role in this type of immunologic reaction.
AN INHERITED X-LINKED SERUM SYSTEM IN MAN
Authors: Berg Kåre , Bearn Alexander G. 
Published: June 2004

The detection of an inherited X-linked serum system in man, disclosed by a heteroantisenim made specific by absorption, is described. These studies suggest that the antigen, demonstrated by the specific antiserum, resides in the α2-macroglobulin fraction of serum. The system has been named the Xm system, where X refers to the localization of the gene on the X chromosome, and the m indicates that the antigen is part of the α2-macroglobulin fraction.
The distribution of phenotypes in unrelated individuals from 4 populations, as well as studies performed in families are consistent with an X-linked dominant mode of inheritance. One Xm(a-) daughter was found in a family where the father was Xm(a+). This finding is discussed with particular reference to the possible influence of sex and age on the development of the phenotype.
This common X-linked marker is likely to prove useful in mapping the human X chromosome.
ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDIES OF HUMAN GLOMERULONEPHRITIS WITH FERRITIN-CONJUGATED ANTIBODY
Authors: Andres Giuseppe A. , Accinni Lidia , Hsu Konrad C. , Zabriskie John B. , Seegal Beatrice C. 
Published: June 2004

1. Kidney biopsies from 4 cases of severe acute glomerulonephritis were obtained 11 to 25 days after the onset of clinical manifestations of the disease. These tissues were treated with ferritin-conjugated antibodies to 7S γ-globulin, ß1C, and Type 12 streptococcal products. Adjacent pieces of the biopsied material were treated with control ferritin-labeled antisera or with ferritin alone. As further controls, normal renal tissue and renal tissue from patients with other kidney diseases were treated with the same antisera.
The 3 antisera to 7S γ-globulin, ß1C and Type 12 streptococcus were specifically bound in electron-opaque foreign material in the following renal areas: (a) the lumen of glomerular capillaries; (b) medullary arteriolar walls (2 cases); (c) pinocytic vacuoles and absorption droplets of endothelial or mesangial cells; (d) canals between proliferating mesangial or endothelial cells which connect the capillary lumen with the deep mesangial region or with the endothelial side of the basement membrane; (e) basement membrane proper; (f) subendothelial and certain subepithelial deposits; and (g) Bowman's space.
2. None of the 3 ferritin-conjugated antisera listed above were bound to the nuclei of glomerular cells or to portions of the cytoplasm other than those specified.
3. Ferritin-conjugated antisera to pneumococcus Type II and vaccinia virus and ferritin alone were not bound to any structures in the glomerular tissue.
4. None of the ferritin-conjugated antisera bound to normal renal tissue or to kidney tissue from other renal disease.
5. The data obtained are compatible with the following working hypothesis: Antigen-antibody aggregates of Type 12 streptococcal products, γ-globulin, and complement are present in the circulating blood of patients with severe acute glomerulonephritis. Large amounts of the complexes are caught in the filtering system of the glomeruli. The inflammatory reactions seen in the glomerular structures result from the presence of the immune complexes and of the polymorphonuclear leukocytes which conjointly may be responsible for the disease.
STUDIES ON THE PATHOGENESIS OF FEVER
Authors: Rafter Gale W. , Cheuk S. Fai , Krause Donald W. , Wood W. Barry 
Published: June 2004

Leukocytic pyrogen previously reported to contain an essential protein moiety, appears to be a lipid-protein complex having a molecular weight in the range of 10,000 to 20,000. Evidence that it contains essential lipid includes its inactivation by Cu++, its lability in alkaline solutions (pH 8.5 and above), and its loss of pyrogenicity when extracted with acid-isooctane. Its solubility in 66% methanol, and the enhancing action of ethanol in freeing it from sonicated cells, suggest the presence of exposed lipid groups at its surface. Once the complex is separated from other proteins, its biological activity is readily destroyed. Although the lipid component is presumed to contain unesterified fatty acid(s), its precise composition is unknown.
The finding of lipid in the active complex is in keeping with the hypothesis that the pyrogen is derived from leukocytic membranes.
AUTORADIOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF LYMPHOPOIESIS AND LYMPHOCYTE MIGRATION IN MICE BEARING MULTIPLE THYMUS GRAFTS
Authors: Matsuyama M. , Wiadrowski Margaret N. , Metcalf D. 
Published: June 2004

Lymphopoiesis was studied in 3-month-old normal C57Bl mice and in 3-month-old C57Bl mice carrying from 12 to 48 C57Bl thymus grafts using tritiated thymidine labeling.
Thymus graft lymphopoiesis was found to be identical with that of normal thymus tissue and the presence of thymus grafts was found to have no influence on host thymus lymphopoiesis.
No evidence was found that the massive amounts of thymus graft tissue in the mice affected any parameter of host lymph node lymphopoiesis nor was any evidence detected for the migration of thymic lymphocytes from these massive deposits of thymus graft tissue either to host lymph nodes and blood or to other organs in the host animal.
It is concluded that the majority of small lymphocytes produced in the thymus and thymus graft tissue do not migrate from these tissues but die locally at the end of their intrathymic life span of 3 to 4 days.
AN ANTIVIRAL SUBSTANCE FROM PENICILLIUM FUNICULOSUM
Authors: Rytel Michael W. , Shope Richard E. , Kilbourne Edwin D. 
Published: June 2004

Helenine, a substance obtained from broth cultures of Penicillium funiculosum and known to exert a protective effect in vivo in experimental animals against several unrelated viruses, has been shown to elicit the formation in cell cultures and in intact mice of an inhibitor of viral plaque formation.
Because the biological and chemical characteristics of the viral inhibitor induced by helenine are similar to those of interferon, it is suggested that the antiviral effect of helenine may be mediated through the formation of interferon.