bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of intermittent hypoxia on pulmonary haemodynamics: animal modelsversusstudies in humans
Authors: Zieliński J. 
Published: January 2005

The aim of this review was to analyse the effects of intermittent hypoxia (IH) on pulmonary haemodynamics, comparing results of animal experiments with results of clinical studies.In animal investigations even short hypoxic exposure, continuously or in short repeated episodes mimicking obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), leads to pulmonary artery remodelling and to pulmonary hypertension (PH). Results of investigations on effects of nocturnal IH on pulmonary haemodynamics in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are discordant. Earlier studies reported the development of mild PH in subjects desaturating during sleep, while more recent investigations did not confirm those findings.Alveolar IH developing during apnoeic episodes during sleep in OSA patients is a disease-induced model to study its effects on pulmonary haemodynamics. In the majority of studies in OSA patients pulmonary arterial pressure remained within normal values. PH was found in patients with OSA accompanied by COPD and/or extreme obesity.People commuting between lowland and high altitude due to their employment, are also repeatedly exposed to IH. Results of clinical investigations suggest that it did not lead to the development of permanent PH.The mechanisms of discrepancies between effects of intermittent hypoxia in animal models and in humans remain to be studied.
Reduced bone density in cystic fibrosis: ΔF508 mutation is an independent risk factor
Authors: King S. J. , Topliss D. J. , Kotsimbos T. , Nyulasi I. B. , Bailey M. , Ebeling P. R. , Wilson J. W. 
Published: January 2005

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine the prevalence and identify determinants of reduced bone mineral density (BMD) in adults with cystic fibrosis (CF).Adults (88) with CF (mean±sdage 29.9±7.7 yrs; forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) 58.2±21.5% of the predicted value) were studied. BMD at the lumbar spine (LS) and femoral neck (FN) and body composition were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Blood and urine were analysed for hormones, bone turnover markers, and the cytokines tumour necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6 and -1β. FEV1 (% pred); CF genotype; malnutrition; history of growth, development or weight gain delays; and corticosteroid use were analysed.BMD Z-scores were −0.58±1.30 (mean±sd) at the LS and −0.24±1.19 at the FN. Z-scores of <−2.0 were found in 17% of subjects. Subjects who were homozygous or heterozygous for the ΔF508 mutation exhibited significantly lower Z-scores than those with no ΔF508 allele. Multiple linear regression showed that the ΔF508 genotype and male sex were independently associated with lower BMD at both sites. Other factors also independently associated with lower BMD included malnutrition, lower 25-hydroxyvitamin D level, lower fat-free mass and lower FEV1 (% pred).In conclusion, reduced bone mineral density in cystic fibrosis is associated with a number of factors, including ΔF508 genotype, male sex, greater lung disease severity and malnutrition.
Accumulation of eosinophils and T-lymphocytes in the lungs after exposure to pinewood dust
Authors: Gripenbäck S. , Lundgren L. , Eklund A. , Lidén C. , Skare L. , Tornling G. , Grunewald J. 
Published: January 2005

Exposure to wood dust within the woodworking industry has been shown to cause a variety of respiratory disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the cellular effects in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and peripheral blood from healthy individuals exposed to pinewood dust.Eleven healthy volunteers were exposed to pinewood dust for 1 h in a whole-body exposure chamber. BAL fluid and blood cells were differentially counted and the expression of activation, adhesion and subset markers on alveolar macrophages and T-lymphocytes was determined 2–6 weeks before and 20 h after the exposure.Following pinewood dust exposure, the total BAL fluid cell concentration increased from 81.4 (64.1–97.5)×106 cells·L−1(median (interquartile range)) to 195.3 (154.6–341.2)×106 cells·L−1. The BAL fluid T-lymphocyte concentration increased from 3.8% (3.5–6.5%) to 7.6% (4.9–11.2%), and BAL fluid eosinophil concentration from 0.0% (0.0–0.2%) to 1.8% (0.6–3.5%).Inhalation of pinewood dust leads to the recruitment of inflammatory cells to the airways of healthy individuals. The increase in numbers of eosinophils, T-lymphocytes and mast cells,i.e.cells of crucial importance to airway inflammation, in the lungs may be related to the increased risk of developing respiratory disorders among woodworkers.
Decreased VEGF concentration in lung tissue and vascular injury during ARDS
Authors: Abadie Y. , Bregeon F. , Papazian L. , Lange F. , Chailley-Heu B. , Thomas P. , Duvaldestin P. , Adnot S. , Maitre B. , Delclaux C. 
Published: January 2005

Endothelial injury is an important prognostic factor in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Decreased production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in ARDS may favour vascular lesions, since VEGF promotes endothelial survival by inhibiting apoptosis.This study sought to document low VEGF levels in lung tissue from ARDS patients, to determine whether the cause was injury to alveolar type II cells (the main pulmonary source of VEGF) and to evaluate the vascular consequences. Lung specimens were obtained by open biopsy or autopsy from 29 patients with severe ARDS (two survivors) and five controls.As compared with controls, homogenates of lung tissue from ARDS patients contained less VEGF (median (interquartile range) ARDS 8.2 (4.7–12.2)versuscontrols 28.4 (9.9–47.1) ng·g−1protein). Increased immunostaining with surfactant protein B was seen in ARDS lungs. Extensive cellular apoptosis (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labelling staining), including endothelial and alveolar type II cells, was demonstrated, and vascular bed density (CD31 immunostaining) decreased in ARDS lungs as compared with controls. VEGF levels were negatively correlated to apoptotic endothelial cell counts.In conclusion, decreased vascular endothelial growth factor levels in lung tissue may participate in the decrease in lung perfusion in acute respiratory distress syndrome.
Gender differences in brain activity generated by unpleasant word stimuli concerning body image: an fMRI study
Authors: Shirao Naoko , Okamoto Yasumasa , Mantani Tomoyuki , Okamoto Yuri , Yamawaki Shigeto 
Published: January 2005

BackgroundWe have previously reported that the temporomesial area, including the amygdala, is activated in women when processing unpleasant words concerning body image.AimsTo detect gender differences in brain activation during processing of these words.MethodFunctional magnetic resonance imaging was used to investigate 13 men and 13 women during an emotional decision task consisting of unpleasant words concerning body image and neutral words.ResultsThe left medial prefrontal cortex and hippocampus were activated only among men, and the left amygdala was activated only among women during the task; activation in the apical prefrontal region was significantly greater in men than in women.ConclusionsOur data suggest that the prefrontal region is responsible for the gender differences in the processing of words concerning body image, and may also be responsible for gender differences in susceptibility to eating disorders.
Charcoal-burning suicide in post-transition Hong Kong
Authors: Chan Kathy P. M. , Yip Paul S. F. , Au Jade , Lee Dominic T. S. 
Published: January 2005

BackgroundCharcoal-burning, a new suicide method, emerged in Hong Kong during the latest economic recession. With-in 2 months charcoal-burning had become the third most common suicide method.AimsTo examine the characteristics of suicides by charcoal-burning, and to delineate the pathways linking macro-level economic and social changes with the subjective experiences of those surviving a charcoal-burning suicide attempt.MethodBoth quantitative and qualitative methods were used. In the coroner's records study, the first 160 cases of suicide by charcoal-burning were compared with a control group. In the ethnographic enquiry, we interviewed 25 consecutive informants who had survived serious suicide attempt using charcoal-burning.ResultsPeople who completed suicide by the charcoal-burning method were more likely to have been economically active and physically healthy, and were less likely to have had pre-existing mental illness. Charcoal-burning suicide was associated with overindebtedness. Media reports were pivotal in linking overindebtedness and financial troubles with charcoal-burning.ConclusionsThe political economy of suicide by charcoal-burning illustrated how historical, socio-economic and cultural forces shaped the lived experience that preceded suicide.
The value of cranial computed tomography in old age psychiatry: A review of the results of 178 consecutive scans
Authors: Fielding Sian 
Published: January 2005

Aims and MethodTo assess the value of computed tomography (CT) in patients presenting to an old age psychiatry service over a 2-year period, and to evaluate a set of clinical prediction rules and the recommendations of the Royal College of Psychiatrists on the selection of patients for scanning. A retrospective review of the reports of 178 consecutive scans and case note reviews was carried out.ResultsFour scan reports (2.3%) suggested potentially reversible causes (PRCs) of dementia. of these, only two showed unequivocal organic brain lesions. Both of these patients were identified by each of the prediction rules tested. There was a high incidence of small vessel disease (32.8%) and infarcts (11.9%).Clinical ImplicationsCT is a low-yield investigation in terms of identifying patients with PRCs of dementia. The tested clinical prediction rules appear sensitive in detection of PRCs. CT may demonstrate unsuspected cerebrovascular disease.
Measurement of risk by a community forensic mental health team
Authors: Dowsett John 
Published: January 2005

Aims and MethodThe aim of this study was to evaluate the predictive validity of the HCR–20 risk assessment instrument for the case-load of an inner-city community forensic team. File review and an interview with the keyworker for each patient were used to compile the information, and the author completed the HCR–20 for all patients. Cases were followed up for an average of 2.5 years to collect information on recidivism.ResultsThe risk profile for this sample was comparable to published North American studies. Patients who were subsequently charged with or convicted of violent offences all scored highly on the HCR–20.Clinical ImplicationsThe HCR–20 appears to be a useful instrument for stratifying risk within community forensic samples; this finding has implications for intensity of treatment and supervision. However, the data also suggest that services need to target criminogenic variables more effectively.
Circulating Adiponectin and Plasma Fatty Acid Profile
Authors: Fernández-Real José-Manuel , Vendrell Joan , Ricart Wifredo 
Published: January 2005

AbstractBackground: The amount and type of fat in the diet influence the development of obesity and related inflammatory activity. Knowledge of the possible influence of dietary habits on circulating adiponectin, a molecule with putative antiinflammatory properties, may be helpful in preventing atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes.Methods: The association between dietary fat, as inferred from plasma fatty acid composition (gas–liquid chromatography), and circulating adiponectin (RIA) was evaluated in 116 healthy individuals.Results: The proportion of saturated fatty acids in plasma was significantly associated with circulating adiponectin concentration (r = −0.24; P = 0.01). Specifically, percentage of palmitic acid (C16:0) was significantly associated with lower adiponectin concentration (r = −0.28; P = 0.002), particularly among women (r = −0.37; P = 0.02) and nonsmokers (r = −0.30; P = 0.007). Percentage of myristic acid (C14:0) was also significantly associated with lower adiponectin among nonsmokers (r = −0.26; P = 0.02) and women (r = −0.39; P = 0.01). The other fatty acids were not significantly associated with adiponectin except for eicosanoic acid (C20:1 ω-9), which was significantly and positively associated with adiponectin in all individuals (r = 0.23; P = 0.01). This latter association was most significant in smokers (r = 0.43; P = 0.007). In a multivariate regression analysis to predict circulating adiponectin, after controlling for age, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, and the individual remaining fatty acids, the percentages of palmitic (P = 0.005) and eicosanoic acid (P = 0.03) contributed independently (6% and 3%, respectively) to adiponectin variance. Among nonsmokers, the percentages of palmitic acid (P = 0.01) and ω-3 fatty acids contributed 8% and 7%, respectively, to adiponectin variance. Among smokers, the percentage of eicosanoic acid (P = 0.03) contributed to 10% of adiponectin variance, independently of body mass index, age, waist-to hip ratio, and the remaining individual fatty acids.Conclusions: Saturated and ω-3 fatty acids of dietary origin (as inferred from plasma fatty acid concentration) are associated with circulating adiponectin concentrations in healthy humans. The proportion of eicosanoic acid also appears to be positively associated with circulating adiponectin. The knowledge of how these interactions occur may be helpful in the planning of dietary measures aimed at the modulation of inflammatory activity.
Association of Economic Policies With Hypertension Management and Control
Authors: Zhang Donglan , Lee Jun Soo , Pollack Lisa M. , Dong Xiaobei , Taliano Joanna M. , Rajan Anand , Therrien Nicole L. , Jackson Sandra L. , Popoola Adebola , Luo Feijun 
Published: February 2024

ImportanceEconomic policies have the potential to impact management and control of hypertension.ObjectivesTo review the evidence on the association between economic policies and hypertension management and control among adults with hypertension in the US.Evidence ReviewA search was carried out of PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, EconLit, Sociological Abstracts, and Scopus from January 1, 2000, through November 1, 2023. Included were randomized clinical trials, difference-in-differences, and interrupted time series studies that evaluated the association of economic policies with hypertension management. Economic policies were grouped into 3 categories: insurance coverage expansion such as Medicaid expansion, cost sharing in health care such as increased drug copayments, and financial incentives for quality such as pay-for-performance. Antihypertensive treatment was measured as taking antihypertensive medications or medication adherence among those who have a hypertension diagnosis; and hypertension control, measured as blood pressure (BP) lower than  140/90 mm Hg or a reduction in BP. Evidence was extracted and synthesized through dual review of titles, abstracts, full-text articles, study quality, and policy effects.FindingsIn total, 31 articles were included. None of the studies examined economic policies outside of the health care system. Of these, 16 (52%) assessed policies for insurance coverage expansion, 8 (26%) evaluated policies related to patient cost sharing for prescription drugs, and 7 (22%) evaluated financial incentive programs for improving health care quality. Of the 16 studies that evaluated coverage expansion policies, all but 1 found that policies such as Medicare Part D and Medicaid expansion were associated with significant improvement in antihypertensive treatment and BP control. Among the 8 studies that examined patient cost sharing, 4 found that measures such as prior authorization and increased copayments were associated with decreased adherence to antihypertensive medication. Finally, all 7 studies evaluating financial incentives aimed at improving quality found that they were associated with improved antihypertensive treatment and BP control. Overall, most studies had a moderate or low risk of bias in their policy evaluation.Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this systematic review suggest that economic policies aimed at expanding insurance coverage or improving health care quality successfully improved medication use and BP control among US adults with hypertension. Future research is needed to investigate the potential effects of non–health care economic policies on hypertension control.
Time to Anticoagulation Reversal and Outcomes After Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Sheth Kevin N. , Solomon Nicole , Alhanti Brooke , Messe Steven R. , Xian Ying , Bhatt Deepak L. , Hemphill J. Claude , Frontera Jennifer A. , Chang Raymond C. , Danelich Ilya M. , Huang Joanna , Schwamm Lee , Smith Eric E. , Goldstein Joshua N. , Mac Grory Brian , Fonarow Gregg C. , Saver Jeffrey L. 
Published: February 2024

ImportanceIntracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the deadliest stroke subtype, and mortality rates are especially high in anticoagulation-associated ICH. Recently, specific anticoagulation reversal strategies have been developed, but it is not clear whether there is a time-dependent treatment effect for door-to-treatment (DTT) times in clinical practice.ObjectiveTo evaluate whether DTT time is associated with outcome among patients with anticoagulation-associated ICH treated with reversal interventions.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study used data from the American Heart Association Get With The Guidelines–Stroke quality improvement registry. Patients with ICH who presented within 24 hours of symptom onset across 465 US hospitals from 2015 to 2021 were included. Data were analyzed from January to September 2023.ExposuresAnticoagulation-associated ICH.Main Outcomes and MeasuresDTT times and outcomes were analyzed using logistic regression modeling, adjusted for demographic, history, baseline, and hospital characteristics, with hospital-specific random intercepts to account for clustering by site. The primary outcome of interest was the composite inpatient mortality and discharge to hospice. Additional prespecified secondary outcomes, including functional outcome (discharge modified Rankin Scale score, ambulatory status, and discharge venue), were also examined.ResultsOf 9492 patients with anticoagulation-associated ICH and documented reversal intervention status, 4232 (44.6%) were female, and the median (IQR) age was 77 (68-84) years. A total of 7469 (78.7%) received reversal therapy, including 4616 of 5429 (85.0%) taking warfarin and 2856 of 4069 (70.2%) taking a non–vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant. For the 5224 patients taking a reversal intervention with documented workflow times, the median (IQR) onset-to-treatment time was 232 (142-482) minutes and the median (IQR) DTT time was 82 (58-117) minutes, with a DTT time of 60 minutes or less in 1449 (27.7%). A DTT time of 60 minutes or less was associated with decreased mortality and discharge to hospice (adjusted odds ratio, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.69-0.99) but no difference in functional outcome (ie, a modified Rankin Scale score of 0 to 3; adjusted odds ratio, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.67-1.24). Factors associated with a DTT time of 60 minutes or less included White race, higher systolic blood pressure, and lower stroke severity.Conclusions and RelevanceIn US hospitals participating in Get With The Guidelines–Stroke, earlier anticoagulation reversal was associated with improved survival for patients with ICH. These findings support intensive efforts to accelerate evaluation and treatment for patients with this devastating form of stroke.
Superior Intermolecular Noncovalent Interactions Empowered Dopant‐Free Hole Transport Materials for Efficient and Stable Sb2(S,Se)3 Solar Cells
Authors: Chen Wangchao , Wu Miaomiao , Chen Xuan , Zhang Zhi , Guo Fuling , Zhang Hong , Wang Yanqing , Ni Gang , Qin Ling , Shi Chengwu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAntimony selenosulfide (Sb2(S,Se)3) solar cells are critically restrained by the Sb2(S,Se)3/charge transport layer interface with scarce carriers transfer ability and high density of deep‐level defect‐induced traps, which are prone to spark the nonradiative recombination and capture the benign photogenerated carriers. Herein, utilizing the intermolecular noncovalent interactions strategy in molecular stereoscopic structural engineering, two dopant‐free hole transport materials (HTMs) are constructed, coded as T‐BDT and F‐BDT, with synergistic hole selectivity and interfacial healing ability. The theoretical simulation and experimental results decipher that the F‐BDT possesses the more favorable planarized conformation, charge delocalization/coupling and molecular stacking pattern, which endow it with the salient hole selection, robust interface passivation and appropriate energy level alignment. Consequently, the Sb2(S,Se)3 solar cell with F‐BDT as dopant‐free HTM realize an outstanding power conversion efficiency of 9.13%, hitting the record high for Sb2(S,Se)3 devices under dopant‐free conditions.
Mesoporous Ternary Nanozymes with Anti‐Senescence and Anti‐Inflammation Activities for Atherosclerosis Management
Authors: Dai Chen , Hu Ruizhi , Cao Shibo , Song Xinran , Feng Wei , Lin Xiangde , Chen Yu , Zhang Bo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractNumerous anti‐inflammatory agents and corresponding therapeutic strategies have been explored for treating inflammation‐related atherosclerosis, which has struggled with compromised antiatherosclerotic efficacy due to the complex pathogenesis. The senescent endothelial cells participate fundamentally at all stages in atherosclerosis, providing the basis for developing senotherapies to blunt the deleterious effects of senescent cells. In this work, a mesoporous palladium‐boron‐phosphorus ternary nanozyme with intrinsic superoxide dismutase/catalase‐mimicking properties is rationally engineered to co‐load H2 (an anti‐inflammatory agent) within nanozyme's crystal lattice and 4,4′‐dimethoxychalcone (DIM, an anti‐senescence agent) within mesopores, which elicits strong anti‐inflammatory effect in pro‐inflammatory macrophages by elimination of reactive oxygen species (ROS), H2 anti‐inflammation and promotion of cholesterol efflux, while simultaneously exerts anti‐senescence capacity in endothelial cells by protection of DNA from ROS damage and degradation of the cellular senescent components via autophagy activation. Both in vitro and in vivo experimental results verify the synergy between nanozyme‐based anti‐inflammatory therapy and autophagy activation, demonstrating that such a precise regulation of vascular senescence is applicable to augment antiatherosclerotic efficiency, which provides the nanomedicine‐enabled and senotherapy‐based paradigm for atherosclerosis management.