bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The GADD45, ZBRK1 and BRCA1 pathway: quantitative analysis of mRNA expression in colon carcinomas
Authors: Garcia Vanesa , García José M , Peña Cristina , Silva Javier , Domínguez Gemma , Rodríguez Rufo , Maximiano Constanza , Espinosa Ruth , España Pilar , Bonilla Félix 
Published: March 2005

AbstractGADD45 is a growth arrest‐associated gene that is induced in response to DNA damage. This gene is a target for coordinate regulation by both ZBRK1 and BRCA1. A sequence within intron 3 of GADD45 supports specific assembly of the ZBRK1/BRCA1 complex. In this study, the relationships between GADD45, ZBRK1, and BRCA1 expression were investigated in colon carcinomas. mRNA expression of these three genes was analysed in 116 colon carcinomas by real‐time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). Genetic and epigenetic changes that could alter expression of these genes were studied. Possible relationships between expression levels of GADD45, ZBRK1, and BRCA1, and a series of clinicopathological parameters classically associated with poor prognosis, were also examined. ZBRK1 showed a tendency towards underexpression, while GADD45 and BRCA1 were generally overexpressed. A direct relationship between these three genes was observed, with the exception of BRCA1 expression levels, similar to normal tissues, which showed a tendency to be associated with low levels of GADD45 mRNA. Concomitantly altered expression of ZBRK1 and BRCA1 was associated with GADD45 mRNA expression. Promoter hypermethylation was not observed in GADD45 or BRCA1, and no mutations in GADD45 or ZBRK1 were found in regions involved in the interaction between the GADD45 gene and the ZBRK1 and BRCA1 proteins. No clinicopathological parameter was correlated with altered GADD45 or ZBRK1 expression but there was a statistically significant relationship between BRCA1 levels and the sex of patients. In conclusion, these results suggest that this pathway, involved in the response to DNA damage, is deregulated in colon carcinomas, and concomitantly altered expression of ZBRK1 and BRCA1 has an additive effect on GADD45 regulation. This is the first study in human carcinomas to analyse the relationships between expression of GADD45, ZBRK1, and BRCA1 mRNA. Copyright © 2005 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CNS recurrence following CD34+ peripheral blood stem cell transplantation in stage 4 neuroblastoma
Authors: Choi Hyoung Soo , Koh Sang Hyeok , Park Eun Sil , Shin Hee Young , Ahn Hyo Seop 
Published: March 2005

AbstractWe report here central nervous system (CNS) recurrence in neuroblastoma (NBL) after CD34+ peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT). Fifteen stage 4 NBL patients underwent CD34+ transplantation with myeloablative chemotherapy consisting of carboplatin, etoposide, and melphalan. There were three primary site recurrences and five distant metastases including four brain metastases (two isolated CNS recurrences) at 4–7 months after CD34+ transplantation. Three of four patients died of CNS progressive disease at 2, 8, and 9 months after recurrence and the remaining single patient was lost to follow‐up. CNS recurrence in NBL is fatal and requires identification of risk factors and more effective treatment strategies. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2005; 45:68–71. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis and characterization of ultraviolet‐curable hyperbranched poly(siloxysilane)s
Authors: Si Qing‐Fa , Wang Xin , Fan Xiao‐Dong , Wang Sheng‐Jie 
Published: March 2005

AbstractTwo UV‐curable hyperbranched poly(siloxysilane)s (I and III) containing vinyl and allyl end groups were synthesized via polyhydrosilylation with methylbis(methylethylvinylsiloxy)silane and methylbis(dimethylallylsiloxy)silane monomers. A cationic UV‐curable hyperbranched polymer (II‐Ep) with epoxy end groups was prepared via the hydrosilylation of hyperbranched polymer II with SiH terminated groups and glycidyl methacrylate, and II was also obtained via the polyhydrosilylation of AB2‐type monomer methylvinylbis(methylethylsiloxy)silane. All hydrosilylation reactions were catalyzed by Pt/C or chloroplatinic acid. Three AB2‐type monomers were synthesized via the hydrolysis of functional chlorosilane, which was prepared with Grignard reagents and dichlorosilane. The molecular structures of the polymers were characterized with 1H NMR, Fourier transform infrared, and gel permeation chromatography, and the UV‐curing behaviors of the polymers under different atmospheres and with different photoaccelerators were also investigated. The thermostability of uncured and cured polymers was examined with thermogravimetric analysis, and the data indicated that the orders of the onset decomposition temperatures for the cured polymers and the residue weights were as follows: III (380 °C) > I (320 °C) > II‐Ep (280 °C) and I (70.4%) > III (64.1%) > II‐Ep (60.9%), respectively. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 1883–1894, 2005
Dynamic structure of poly(vinyl pyrrolidone)/ethyl alcohol mixtures studied by time domain reflectometry
Authors: Sengwa R. J. , Abhilasha  , More N. M. , Mehrotra S. C. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractDielectric studies of poly(vinyl pyrrolidone)/ethyl alcohol (PVP–E) binary mixtures with concentration variations were carried out in the frequency range of 10 MHz to 10 GHz by time domain reflectometry at 15, 25, 35, and 45 °C. One relaxation process, corresponding to ethyl alcohol molecules in the poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) matrix, was observed in this frequency range for all the mixtures. The static dielectric constant of the PVP–E mixtures decreased linearly with an increase in the weight fraction of PVP. The observed anomalous increase in the value of the relaxation time (τ) of these mixtures was interpreted by the consideration of the variation in the local structure of self‐associated ethyl alcohol molecules and also the PVP behavior as a geometric constraint for the rotational motion of ethyl alcohol molecules. Furthermore, the τ values of these mixtures were independent of the viscosity. The energy parameters for the dielectric relaxation process (the free energy, enthalpy, and entropy of activation for the dipolar orientation) were determined to confirm the transient behavior of the heterogeneous species due to the breaking and re‐forming of hydrogen bonds with the internal rotation of OH groups in the ordered structure of the PVP–E mixtures. On the basis of the evaluated dielectric parameters, the formation of supermolecular structure in the PVP–E mixtures in dynamic equilibrium was sketched and examined by the consideration of the hydrogen bonding between the terminal hydroxyl groups of self‐associated ethyl alcohol flexible chains and the carbonyl groups of monomer units of PVP coiled chains. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 1134–1143, 2005
Piezoresponse force microscopy for imaging of GaN surfaces
Authors: Calarco R. , Meijers R. , Stoica T. , Lüth H. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractSurfaces of GaN films have been investigated by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) with implemented Piezoelectric Force Microscopy (PFM) technique. The GaN layers were grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) on Si(111) substrates with an AlN buffer layer. Simultaneous imaging of surface morphology in the AFM and PFM response was performed. The PFM imaging is sensitively dependent on measurement conditions. By increasing the ac voltage the contrast of the PFM images is increased. Using the Voltage‐Modulated Force Microscopy (VMFM) regime, with the frequency close to the first resonant frequency of the piezoelectric signal, PFM images with high contrast and high resolution on the nanometer scale were obtained. Regions of opposite piezoresponse were observed and explained by the presence of inversion domains. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Pancreatoduodenectomy for Tumors of Vater’s Ampulla: Report on 94 Consecutive Patients
Authors: Giorgio Andrea Di , Alfieri Sergio , Rotondi Fabio , Prete Francesco , Miceli Dario Di , Ridolfini Marco Pericoli , Rosa Fausto , Covino Marcello , Doglietto Giovanni Battista 
Published: March 2005

AbstractEvaluation of prognostic factors of adenocarcinoma of Vater’s ampulla is still a matter of debate. The aim of this study was to evaluate retrospectively factors that influence early and long‐term outcomes in a 20‐year single‐institution experience on ampullary carcinoma. A total of 94 consecutive patients with ampullary carcinoma or adenoma with severe dysplasia were managed from 1981 to 2002. Among them, 64 underwent pancreatoduodenectomy, and the remaining 30 submitted to surgical (n = 5) or endoscopic (n = 25) palliative treatment. Demographic, clinical, and pathologic data were collected, and a comparison was made between patients who did or did not undergo resection. Standard statistical analyses were carried out in an attempt to establish a correlation between clinical variables, intraoperative and pathologic factors, and survival in patients with resection. A total of 85 (90.4%) patients had potentially resectable lesions due to the extent of the tumor, but only 64 (68%) underwent curative resection. The surgical morbidity rate was 34.3%. Postoperative mortality was 9.3%, with no deaths among the 38 more recently treated patients. Median survivals were 9 and 54 months for nonresected and resected patients, respectively. The overall 5‐year survival was 64.4% for patients undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy. Survival was found to be significantly affected by resection, tumor size, tumor grade, and tumor infiltration. Patients with negative lymph nodes show a trend toward longer survival. In a multivariate analysis, only the depth of tumor infiltration influenced patient survival.Pancreatoduodenectomy is the treatment of choice for ampullary carcinoma and adenomas with high‐grade dysplasia, with a good chance of long‐term survival. Surgical resection remains the most important factor influencing outcome.
Usefulness of Thyroglobulin Measurement in Fine‐needle Aspiration Biopsy Specimens for Diagnosing Cervical Lymph Node Metastasis in Patients with Papillary Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Uruno Takashi , Miyauchi Akira , Shimizu Kazuo , Tomoda Chisato , Takamura Yuuki , Ito Yasuhiro , Miya Akihiro , Kobayashi Kaoru , Matsuzuka Fumio , Amino Nobuyuki , Kuma Kanji 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe diagnosis of lymph node metastasis in patients with papillary thyroid cancer is an important factor when deciding to perform neck dissection at the initial surgery, as well as for evaluating the lymph node swelling after surgery. Ultrasound (US)‐guided fine‐needle aspiration biopsy cytology (FNAB‐C) is the most useful technique for diagnosing lymph node metastasis. Recently, however, measurement of thyroglobulin in the wash‐out of the needle (FNAB‐Tg) has been proposed for early detection of neck lymph node metastasis in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of FNAB‐Tg in detecting lymph node metastasis prior to initial or reoperative thyroid surgery. US‐guided FNAB‐C was performed on 129 enlarged lymph nodes of 111 patients before surgery. All of them were later histologically confirmed to contain metastasis. Immediately after obtaining an FNAB‐C specimen, the needle was rinsed with 0.5 ml of normal saline solution, and the wash‐out was subjected to measurement of the Tg level (FNAB‐Tg). If the FNAB‐Tg level was higher than the serum Tg of the patient, we diagnosed the lymph node as positive (metastatic lymph node). FNAB‐Tg sensitivity was 81.4%, and FNAB‐C sensitivity was 78.0%. Altogether, 4 (36.4%) of 11 cases judged “benign” and 6 (37.5%) of 16 cases judged “inadequate” by FNAB‐C were positive by the FNAB‐Tg measurement. Thyroglobulin measurement in fine‐needle aspiration biopsy wash‐out is thus a useful technique for diagnosing lymph node metastasis of papillary thyroid cancer.
Brief report: Risk‐taking behaviors in a non‐western urban adolescent sample
Authors: Bayar Nalan , Sayıl Melike 
Published: March 2005

ABSTRACTThis study analyzes the age and gender related risk‐taking behaviors of Turkish adolescents in an urban sample. A self‐report risk taking scale was administered to 280 adolescents between the ages of 12–21. Results revealed that both the type and the frequency of risk‐taking behaviors were changed according to age and gender. All risky behaviors except hitchhiking increased until the college level and than decreased. Boys outperformed the girls in most of the risk‐taking behaviors.
Optimal Temperature Control Policy for a Two‐Stage Recombinant Fermentation Process
Authors: Hortacsu Amable , Ryu Dewey D. Y. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe optimal temperature control policy to be followed in the operation of a two‐stage fermentation system in which gene expression is induced by a temperature‐sensitive gene switching system was studied. A genetically structured model was used to describe product formation, and kinetic equations based on experimental data were used to quantify the specific gene expression rate and parameters that affect plasmid instability. A constant temperature control policy and temperature profiling control policy including temperature cycling were studied and compared. Maximum average production rate was obtained from a temperature control policy in which the second stage was operated initially at about 40.5 °C and the temperature decreased slightly to a constant value at 40.0 °C. The maximum average production rate, which corresponds to the optimal temperature control policy, for an operation of 180 h was 29.7 units of protein (mg of cells)−1 h−1.
Intact Chemoreceptor‐Based Biosensors
Authors: Barker Todd Q. , Buch R. Michael , Rechnitz Garry A. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractA receptrode biosensor is presented that uses intact chemoreceptor‐based molecular recognition from antennular structures of the Hawaiian swimming crab species Por‐tunis sanguinolentus. The sensor is coupled to a learning, pattern recognition calculation for performing analytical chemistry. Action potential waveforms are used to establish the identity of individual action potential types that can be associated to particular analytes. The pattern recognition calculations used are referred to as cluster analysis (CA) and principal component analysis (PCA). Action potential similarities are determined by using a dendrogram plot of the cluster analysis results and further elucidated by using principal component scores plots. Quantitative analysis was performed after classification of analyte and background responses. Chemoresponses to salinity and trimethylamine N‐oxide, two chemical constituents that are found in the crustacean living environment, were investigated and gave analytic responses over several orders of magnitude.
Monitoring Cell Concentration and Activity by Multiple Excitation Fluorometry
Authors: Li J.‐K. , Asali E. C. , Humphrey A. E. , Horvath J. J. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFour key cellular metabolic fluorophores‐tryptophan, pyridoxine, NAD(P)H, and riboflavin‐were monitored on‐line by a multiple excitation fluorometric system (MEFS) and a modified SLM 8000C scanning spectrofluorometer in three model yeast fermentation systems‐bakers' yeast growing on glucose, Candida utilis growing on ethanol, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae RTY110/pRB58 growing on glucose. The measured fluorescence signals were compared with cell concentration, protein concentration, and cellular activity. The results indicate that the behavior and fluorescence intensity of various fluorophores differ in the various fermentation systems. Tryptophan fluorescence is the best signal for the monitoring of cell concentration in bakers' yeast and C. utilis fermentations. Pyridoxine fluorescence is the best signal for the monitoring of cell concentration in the S. cerevisiae RTY110/pRB58 fermentation. In bakers' yeast fermentations the pyridoxine fluorescence signal can be used to monitor cellular activity. The NAD(P)H fluorescence signal is a good indicator of cellular activity in the C. utilis fermentation. For this fermentation NAD(P)H fluorescence can be used to control ethanol feeding in a fed‐batch process.
Phase Transitions of Mixtures of Amorphous Polysaccharides and Sugars
Authors: Roos Yrjö , Karel Marcus 
Published: March 2005

AbstractMaltodextrins of varying molecular weights, maltose, and sucrose were used to study the effect of molecular weight, water plasticization, and composition on glass transition temperature (Tg). All maltodextrins were plasticized by water, and the decrease of Tg was linear with water activity over the range of 0.11–0.85. The plasticization effect of water was similar for maltodextrins having various molecular weights. Effects of molecular weight and composition on the Tg of maltodextrins could be correlated by using relationships reported previously for polymers. The quantitative results obtained can be applied to formulate food and related materials having desired processability and storage stability.
Novel N‐Halamine Disinfectant Compounds
Authors: Tsao Te‐Chen , Williams Delbert E. , Worley Christopher G. , Worley S. Davis 
Published: March 2005

AbstractA new series of N‐halamine compounds has been synthesized and tested for stability in aqueous solution and efficacy in inactivating several species of bacteria and algae. The compounds, which are N,N′‐dihalo‐4‐imidazolidinones, are inexpensive to synthesize and appear to have considerable potential as general‐purpose disinfectants. They have greater stability in the laboratory, as well as outdoors in direct sunlight, than do current commercial swimming pool biocides. They also are efficient at sterilizing hard surfaces (stainless steel) and could thus be useful for a variety of household and medical disinfection applications.
Fermentative Production of Injectable‐Grade Calcium Gluconate
Authors: Shah Deepak N. , Kothari Raman M. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractOptimized economical procedures for the submerged batchwise (250‐L scale) production and recovery of injectable‐grade calcium gluconate are devised. While the optimal parameters of production envisaged the use of Aspergillus niger, salts‐fortified dextrose‐rich production medium, pH 6.5±0.1, 29±1°C, 250±10 rpm, 1.0‐1.5 vol of air (vol of medium)−1 min−1 aeration rate over 24±2h duration, and intermittent neutralization with calcium carbonate, the optimal recovery procedure consisted of charcoal decolorization, vacuum filtration, methanol‐aided precipitation, centrifugation, vacuum drying, and pulverization to provide 85% recovery of calcium gluconate, passing Indian/British pharmacopeial tests for the injectable‐grade preparation.
Determination of Antigenic Characteristics and Stabilities of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae
Authors: Weng C. N. , Lin S. Y. , Tzan Y. L. , Lee C. J. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe aim of this study was to find a titering method that could rapidly and accurately determine the antigenic activities of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae under specific conditions. By using the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method, the activity of M. hyopneumoniae was found to be affected by acidic environment, temperature, and the existence of trypsins.
Theoretical Analysis of the Effect of Cell Recycling on Recombinant Cell Fermentation Processes
Authors: Park Tai Hyun , Hong Juan , Lim Henry C. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractA cell recycle system is studied for two‐stage continuous fermentation. Cell recycle around the second stage provides higher cell concentrations than processes without recycle and a longer residence time of the cell, which is necessary for inducible products, especially in recombinant cell fermentation. Residence time distribution of the cell in the fermentor is important for the optimization of inducible products. The residence time distributions are studied for the cases with and without significant cell growth in the second stage. With cell growth in the second stage, three cases are considered. These are the cases of (1) zero residence time for two daughter cells after the cell division, (2) zero residence time of one daughter cell after the cell division and inherited residence time for the other daughter cell from the mother cell after the cell division, and (3) two daughter cells having the residence time of the mother cell after the cell division.
Enzyme Engineering for Nonaqueous Solvents. II. Additive Effects of Mutations on the Stability and Activity of Subtilisin E in Polar Organic Media
Authors: Chen Keqin , Robinson Amy C. , Van Dam Mariana E. , Martinez Pascal , Economou Chariklia , Arnold Frances H. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractSingle amino acid substitutions increase the activity and stability of subtilisin E in mixtures of organic solvents and water, and the effects of these mutations are additive. A variant of subtilisin E that exhibits higher activity in mixtures of dimethylformamide (DMF) and water (Q103R) was created by random mutagenesis combined with screening for improved activity (K. Chen and F. H. Arnold, in preparation). Another mutation, N218S, known to improve both the activity and stability of subtilisin BPN′, also improves the activity and stability of subtilisin E in the presence of DMF. The effects of the two substitutions on transition‐state stabilization are additive. Furthermore, the Q103R mutation that improves activity has no deleterious effect on subtilisin stability. The double mutant Q103R+N218S is 10 times more active than the wild‐type enzyme in 20% (v/v) DMF and twice as stable in 40% DMF. Although the effects of single mutations can be impressive, a practical strategy for engineering enzymes that function in nonaqueous solvents will most likely require multiple changes in the amino acid sequence. These results demonstrate the excellent potential for engineering nonaqueoussolvent‐compatible enzymes.
Elution Conditions and Degradation Mechanisms in Long‐Term Immunoadsorbent Use
Authors: Antonsen K. Pickard , Colton Clark K. , Yarmush Martin L. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe limited life of immunoadsorbents used for the large‐scale purification of biological macromolecules poses a significant limitation to the more widespread application of this technology. In this study, the binding activity of a monoclonal antibody (MAb) to bovine serum albumin (BSA) was measured as a function of pH, ionic strength, and varying concentrations of KSCN, ethylene glycol, or DMSO. Low pH (2.5) and 3 M KSCN each reduced the antibody binding constant below 6×105 L/mol, meeting criteria derived from a simple chromatographic model for identifying effective eluents. A panel of six MAb to BSA was exposed repeatedly to adsorption conditions and the two eluents. Four MAb lost less than 50% of their initial binding capacity over 100 cycles. The other two lost 75% of their initial capacity. One MAb was stable when exposed to low pH but lost binding capacity with KSCN. In all cases, the equilibrium constant was unchanged. The loss of capacity was also shown to be a strong function of antibody loading: at 14.5 mg/mL, 98% of the initial binding capacity of one MAb was lost within 40 cycles, versus 75 % loss at 1 mg/mL. Antibody leakage and nonspecific adsorption of contaminants were not responsible for significant loss of antibody activity over time.
Water Diffusivity in Starches at High Temperatures and Pressures
Authors: Karathanos Vaios T. , Vagenas George K. , Saravacos George D. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe method of distance‐concentration curves was applied to the estimation of water diffusivities in starches at high temperatures (25‐140 °C) and pressures (up to 40 atm). Temperature had a positive (Arrhenius) effect on the water diffusivity. Pressure decreased the water diffusivity and caused an increase of the energy of activation for diffusion of water in starch, especially at pressures of 1–10 bar. Water diffusivities varied from 0.3×10−10 to 30×10−10 m2/s, and they were higher in hydrated starches than in gels, evidently due to the higher porosity. The water diffusivity in hydrated granular starch decreased with increasing moisture content, due to their lower porosity.