bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Voltammetric Assay of Naproxen in Pharmaceutical Formulations Using Boron‐Doped Diamond Electrode
Authors: Suryanarayanan V. , Zhang Y. , Yoshihara S. , Shirakashi T. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe electrooxidation of naproxen was studied, for the first time, using boron‐doped diamond (BDD) electrode by cyclic and differential pulse voltammetry (CV and DPV) in nonaqueous solvent supporting electrolyte system. The results were also compared with glassy carbon electrode (GC) under the same conditions. Naproxen undergoes one electron transfer resulting in the formation of cation radical for the first electrooxidation step, which follows other chemical and electrochemical steps such as deprotonation, removal of another electron and the attack of nucleophile (ECEC mechanism). BDD electrode provided higher signal to background ratio, well resolved and highly reproducible cyclic voltammograms than the GC electrode. With a scan rate of 50 mV s−1 and pulse height of 50 ms, respectively, the DPV technique was able to determine the naproxen concentrations in the range of 0.5 to 50 μM with a detection limit of 30 nM. The influence of interference compounds namely 2‐acetyl‐6‐methoxy naphthalene (AMN) on naproxen oxidation can also be followed successfully. Moreover, the percentage of AMN present in the standard chemical form of a mixture containing naproxen can be found accurately. Rapidity, precise and good selectivity were also found for the determination of naproxen in pharmaceutical formulations.
Temporal resolving power of spin echo and gradient echo fMRI at 3T with apparent diffusion coefficient compartmentalization
Authors: Hulvershorn Justin , Bloy Luke , Gualtieri Eugene E. , Redmann Christopher P. , Leigh John S. , Elliott Mark A. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe temporal resolving power of blood oxygenation level‐dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) at 3T was investigated in the visual and auditory cortices of the human brain. By using controlled temporal delays and selective visual hemifield stimulation, regions with similar (left vs. right occipital cortex) and different (occipital cortex vs. auditory cortex) vascular architectures were compared. Estimates of the time‐to‐peak (TTP) of the BOLD hemodynamic response function (hrf) were obtained using a spin echo (SE) sequence and compared to those acquired using a traditional gradient echo (GE) sequence. The hrf TTP in the visual cortex was found to be 4.73 s and 4.21 s for GE and SE, respectively. The auditory cortex response was significantly delayed, with TTPs of 4.95 s and 4.51 s for GE and SE, respectively. The GE response was able to resolve visual stimuli separated by 250 ms, whereas SE could resolve stimuli 500 ms apart. Apparent‐diffusion‐coefficient (ADC) compartmentalization of the BOLD signal was applied to restrict the vascular sensitivity of the SE and GE sequences. Limiting the response to voxels with ADCs < 0.8 × 10−3 mm2/s improved the temporal resolving power of GE and SE BOLD to 125 ms and 250 ms, respectively. Hum Brain Mapp 25:247–258, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Loss of heterozygosity of 1p in uveal melanomas with monosomy 3
Authors: Häusler Thomas , Stang Andreas , Anastassiou Gerasimos , Jöckel Karl‐Heinz , Mrzyk Stefanie , Horsthemke Bernhard , Lohmann Dietmar R. , Zeschnigk Michael 
Published: April 2005

AbstractGains and losses of chromosomes 1, 3, 6 and 8 are nonrandom chromosomal aberrations in uveal melanoma. Monosomy 3 is the most frequent abnormality and is associated with poor prognosis. To identify regions of allelic loss on the short arm of chromosome 1 and to investigate if these alterations contribute to uveal melanoma progression, we performed microsatellite analysis of 10 loci in 70 uveal melanomas. A total of 51 tumors were obtained from patients with clinical follow‐up data, 19 tumors were from recent patients without follow‐up. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of at least 1 marker was more frequent in tumors with monosomy 3 (40%) than in tumors with disomy 3 (10%). In particular, loss of the entire short arm of chromosome 1 was only observed in tumors with monosomy 3 (p = 0.0001). By comparing the extent of 1p LOH in all tumors with monosomy 3, we were able to define a smallest region of overlap (SRO) of approximately 55 Mb, which is flanked by markers D1S507 and D1S198. On the basis of our data and published cytogenetic data, we propose that 1p31 harbors genes involved in the progression of uveal melanoma with monosomy 3. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Growth‐cycle features of East Asian countries: are they similar?
Authors: Girardin Eric 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThis paper uses regime‐switching techniques to examine the similarities of GDP growth‐cycle features of 10 East Asian countries. A third regime of rapid growth is relevant for most countries. In Japan, South Korea and Taiwan, there was no secular slowdown in growth since the rapid‐growth regime re‐emerged at some stage. Japan is special since it shares each of its features with different countries, while China shares almost all its features with most countries. Finally, the same countries that were correlated with Japan in the 1980s have been linked with China since the 1990s. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bond market development and integration in ASEAN
Authors: Plummer Michael G. , Click Reid W. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) has focused increasingly on financial integration as part of its economic‐deepening agenda. This paper considers the challenges and opportunities associated with the creation of an ASEAN bond market. In addition to surveying the status quo of fixed‐income markets in the context of capital market development and integration in the region, the paper gauges the benefits that might be generated through, inter alia, financial market diversification and interest rate convergence. It also addresses approaches to the inevitable liquidity problem, such as via the creation of an ASEAN currency basket. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Response of the antioxidant defense system to tert‐butyl hydroperoxide and hydrogen peroxide in a human hepatoma cell line (HepG2)
Authors: Alía Mario , Ramos Sonia , Mateos Raquel , Bravo Laura , Goya Luis 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe aim of this work was to investigate the response of the antioxidant defense system to two oxidative stressors, hydrogen peroxide and tert‐butyl hydroperoxide, in HepG2 cells in culture. The parameters evaluated included enzyme activity and gene expression of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and activity of glutathione reductase. Besides, markers of the cell damage and oxidative stress evoked by the stressors such as cell viability, intracellular reactive oxygen species generation, malondialdehyde levels, and reduced glutathione concentration were evaluated. Both stressors, hydrogen peroxide and tert‐butyl hydroperoxide, enhanced cell damage and reactive oxygen species generation at doses above 50 μM. The concentration of reduced glutathione decreased, and levels of malondialdehyde and activity of the antioxidant enzymes consistently increased only when HepG2 cells were treated with tert‐butyl hydroperoxide but not when hydrogen peroxide was used. A slight increase in the gene expression of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase and catalase with 500 μM tert‐butyl hydroperoxide and of catalase with 200 μ hydrogen peroxide was observed. The response of the components of the antioxidant defense system evaluated in this study indicates that tert‐butyl hydroperoxide evokes a consistent cellular stress in HepG2. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 19:119–128, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.20061
Low levels of arsenite activates nuclear factor‐κB and activator protein‐1 in immortalized mesencephalic cells
Authors: Felix Kumar , Manna Sunil K. , Wise Kimberly , Barr Johnny , Ramesh Govindarajan T. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractDegeneration of dopaminergic neurons is one of the major features of Parkinson's disease. Many redox‐active metals such as iron and manganese have been implicated in neuronal degeneration characterized by symptoms resembling Parkinson's disease. Even though, arsenic, which is another redox‐active metal, has been shown to affect the central monoaminergic systems, but its potential in causing dopaminergic cell degeneration has not been fully known. Hence, the present study was designed to investigate arsenic signaling especially that is mediated by reactive oxygen species and its effect on early transcription factors in dopamine producing mesencephalic cell line 1RB3AN27. These mesencephalic cells were treated with low concentrations of sodium arsenite (0.1, 0.5, 1, 5, and 10 μM) and incubated for different periods of time (0–4 h). Arsenite was cytotoxic at 5 and 10 μM concentrations only after 72‐h incubation period. Arsenite, in a dose‐dependent manner, induced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activation of early transcription factors such as nuclear factor‐κ B (NF‐κB) and activator protein‐1 (AP‐1) as shown by electro mobility shift assay. Incubation of antioxidants, either N‐acetyl‐L‐cysteine (50 μM) or α‐tocopherol (50 μM) with 1 μM arsenite, suppressed ROS generation. Arsenite at 1 μM concentration was sufficient for maximal activation of NF‐κB and AP‐1 activation. Time kinetics studies showed maximal activation of NF‐κB by 1 μM concentration of arsenite was seen at 120 min and correlated with complete degradation of Iκ Bα at 60 min. Similarly, maximal activation of AP‐1 by 1 μM concentration of arsenite occurred at 120 min. N‐acetyl‐L‐cysteine at 50 μM concentration inhibited arsenite‐induced NF‐κ B and AP‐1. In addition, arsenite was shown to induce phosphorylation of extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 at concentrations of 1 μM and above. These results suggest that arsenite, at low and subcytoxic concentrations, appears to induce oxidative stress leading to activation of early transcription factors whereas addition of antioxidant inhibited the activation of these factors. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxical 19:67–77, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.20062
In vivo and in vitro oxidative regulation of rat aryl sulfotransferase IV (AST IV)
Authors: Maiti Smarajit , Dutta Sangita Maiti , Baker Sharon M. , Zhang Jimei , Narasaraju Telugu , Liu Lin , Chen Guangping 
Published: April 2005

AbstractSulfotransferase catalyzed sulfation is important in the regulation of different hormones and the metabolism of hydroxyl containing xenobiotics. In the present investigation, we examined the effects of hyperoxia on aryl sulfotransferase IV in rat lungs in vivo. The enzyme activity of aryl sulfotransferase IV increased 3‐ to 8‐fold in >95% O2 treated rat lungs. However, hyperoxic exposure did not change the mRNA and protein levels of aryl sulfotransferase IV in lungs as revealed by Western blot and RT‐PCR. This suggests that oxidative regulation occurs at the level of protein modification. The increase of nonprotein soluble thiol and reduced glutathione (GSH)/oxidized glutathione (GSSG) ratios in treated lung cytosols correlated well with the aryl sulfotransferase IV activity increase. In vitro, rat liver cytosol 2‐naphthol sulfation activity was activated by GSH and inactivated by GSSG. Our results suggest that Cys residue chemical modification is responsible for the in vivo and in vitro oxidative regulation. The molecular modeling structure of aryl sulfotransferase IV supports this conclusion. Our gel filtration chromatography results demonstrated that neither GSH nor GSSG treatment changed the existing aryl sulfotransferase IV dimer status in cytosol, suggesting that oxidative regulation of aryl sulfotransferase IV is not caused by dimer–monomer status change. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 19:109–118, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.20064
Receptor activator of NF‐κB ligand protein expression in UMR‐106 cells is differentially regulated by parathyroid hormone and calcitriol
Authors: Dossing Debra A. , Stern Paula H. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractExpression of the cytokine, receptor activator of NF‐κB ligand (RANKL), is stimulated by both parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitriol in osteoblasts. Most studies have examined the effects on RANKL mRNA, and less information is available on the protein products. We have determined the effects of PTH, the adenylate cyclase stimulator forskolin, and calcitriol, alone and in combination, on endogenous RANKL protein expression in UMR‐106 rat osteoblastic osteosarcoma cells by Western blotting and enzyme immunoassay (EIA). PTH and forskolin dose dependently increased a ∼52 kDa band in whole cell lysates that was detected by both C‐ and N‐terminal directed RANKL antibodies. Calcitriol treatment produced little or no expression of this ∼52 kDa band, but markedly increased the expression of a ∼32 kDa band that was only detected with an antibody directed to the N‐terminus of RANKL. An EIA based on RANKL binding to OPG detected a large increase in RANKL expression following calcitriol treatment, and much smaller increases with PTH or forskolin. The combination of PTH and calcitriol or forskolin and calcitriol elicited effects similar to those of PTH and forskolin alone, as detected by both Western blotting and EIA. In contrast to the effects on protein, all agents increased RANKL mRNA expression, with the greatest effects seen with the co‐treatments. The results indicate that PTH, likely through effects on cyclic AMP, has a different effect on RANKL processing than calcitriol. The ∼52 and ∼32 kDa RANKL products appear to interact differently with OPG, which could affect responses to the agents in target cells. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Surface chemistry of wood‐based phosphoric acid‐activated carbons and its effects on adsorptivity
Authors: Baker FS , Daley RA , Bradley RH 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe surface oxygen content of selected wood‐based phosphoric acid‐activated carbons was quantified using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and correlated with the residual bulk phosphate levels of the carbons and their adsorptivity in solution. The adsorption of Al3+, Cu2+, and para‐chlorophenol, respectively, from water decreased as a function of increasing surface oxygen content of the carbons. When the carbon of lowest surface oxygen content was oxidized with ozone to impart a surface oxygen content comparable to that of a carbon with a much higher phosphate level, adsorption of Al3+, Cu2+, and para‐chlorophenol from water decreased proportionally. The increase in polarity of the carbon surface was accompanied by a decrease in pH and appeared to be the dominant factor with respect to the adsorption of the target species from water. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Bioremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: current knowledge and future directions
Authors: Bamforth Selina M , Singleton Ian 
Published: April 2005

AbstractPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of organic compounds that have accumulated in the natural environment mainly as a result of anthropogenic activities such as the combustion of fossil fuels. Interest has surrounded the occurrence and distribution of PAHs for many decades due to their potentially harmful effects to human health. This concern has prompted researchers to address ways to detoxify/remove these organic compounds from the natural environment. Bioremediation is one approach that has been used to remediate contaminated land and waters, and promotes the natural attenuation of the contaminants using the in situ microbial community of the site. This review discusses the variety of fungi and bacteria that are capable of these transformations, describes the major aerobic and anaerobic breakdown pathways, and highlights some of the bioremediation technologies that are currently available. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Assessment of the dyeing properties of pigments from Monascus purpureus
Authors: De Santis Diana , Moresi Mauro , Gallo Anna Maria , Petruccioli Maurizio 
Published: April 2005

AbstractMonascus purpureus C322 was cultivated on well‐established production media to yield prevailingly red or orange pigment‐rich ethanolic extracts. Once these extracts had been diluted by an overall factor of 50, they were used as such to dye raw wool standard specimens differently premordanted using alum or stannic chloride. Independently of the mordant used, the specimens dyed with the red pigment‐rich extracts showed a pale red colour tending to pink, whereas the specimens dyed with the orange pigment‐rich extracts exhibited a more definite orange colour. By carrying out a few colourfastness standard tests (manual washing at 40 °C, acid and basic perspiration and hot pressing), stannic chloride‐premordanted wool specimens dyed with the red pigment‐rich extracts were found to be less resistant to acid and basic perspiration than their orange counterparts. Since the production of the orange pigment‐rich ethanolic extracts appeared to be more cost‐effective than that of their red counterparts, the former might support the present demand for colorants of natural origin in the textile sector. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Ventricle and outflow tract of the African lungfish Protopterus dolloi
Authors: Icardo José M. , Brunelli Elvira , Perrotta Ida , Colvee Elvira , Wong Wai P. , Ip Yuen K. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractWe report a morphologic study of the heart ventricle and outflow tract of the African lungfish Protopterus dolloi. The ventricle is saccular and appears attached to the anterior pericardial wall by a thick tendon. An incomplete septum divides the ventricle into two chambers. Both the free ventricular wall and the incomplete ventricular septum are entirely trabeculated. Only a thin rim of myocardium separates the trabecular system from the subepicardial space. The outflow tract consists of proximal, middle, and distal portions, separated by two flexures, proximal and distal. The proximal outflow tract portion is endowed with a layer of compact, well‐vascularized myocardium. This portion is homologous to the conus arteriosus observed in the heart of most vertebrates. The middle and distal outflow tract portions are arterial‐like, thus being homologous to the bulbus arteriosus. However, the separation between the muscular and arterial portions of the outflow tract is not complete in the lungfish. A thin layer of myocardium covers the arterial tissue, and a thin layer of elastic tissue underlies the conus myocardium. Two unequal ridges composed of loose connective tissue, the spiral and bulbar folds, run the length of the outflow tract. They form an incomplete division of the outflow tract, but fuse at the distal end. The two folds are covered by endocardium and contain collagen, elastin, and fibroblast‐like cells. They appear to be homologous to the dextro‐dorsal and sinistro‐ventral ridges observed during the development of the avian and mammalian heart. Two to three rows of vestigial arterial‐like valves appear in the dorsal and ventral aspects of the conus. These valves are unlikely to have a functional role. The possible functional significance of the “gubernaculum cordis,” the thick tendon extending between the anterior ventricular surface and the pericardium, is discussed. J. Morphol. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Solvent Induced Sphere Development in Symmetric Diblock Copolymer Thin Films
Authors: Peng Juan , Wei Yuhan , Wang Hanfu , Li Binyao , Han Yanchun 
Published: April 2005

AbstractSummary: We follow the time development of the microdomain structure in symmetric polystyrene‐block‐poly(methyl methacrylate) (PS‐b‐PMMA) diblock copolymer thin films during acetone vapor treatment. Besides the highly ordered nanoscopic spheres or stripes as reported previously, a novel so‐called flower‐like pattern, which comprises six PS spheres and each PS sphere belongs to three “flowers” is formed. This finding is very helpful to discuss the highly ordered nanoscopic sphere formation process.Transition from flower‐like structure to well‐ordered arrays of spheres, in which the flower‐like pattern, the transitional morphology, and the ordered spheres are in the portion A, B, and C, respectively.imageTransition from flower‐like structure to well‐ordered arrays of spheres, in which the flower‐like pattern, the transitional morphology, and the ordered spheres are in the portion A, B, and C, respectively.
Branched/Crosslinked Sulfonated Polyimide Membranes for Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells
Authors: Yin Yan , Hayashi Shunsuke , Yamada Otoo , Kita Hidetoshi , Okamoto Ken‐Ichi 
Published: April 2005

AbstractSummary: Branched/crosslinked sulfonated polyimide membranes incorporating superior mechanical properties, high proton conductivity, and excellent fuel cell performance were successfully developed. The resulting polymer electrolytes displayed conductivity values of about 0.2 S · cm−1 at 120 °C and 100% relative humidity. In a single H2/O2 fuel cell system at 90 °C, they exhibited reasonably high fuel cell performances comparable to that of Nafion 112.The structure of the branched/crosslinked sulfonated polyimide membranes studied here.imageThe structure of the branched/crosslinked sulfonated polyimide membranes studied here.
Synchrotron SAXS and WAXS Studies on Changes in Structural and Thermal Properties of Poly[(R)‐3‐hydroxybutyrate] Single Crystals during Heating
Authors: Fujita Masahiro , Sawayanagi Tomoharu , Tanaka Toshihisa , Iwata Tadahisa , Abe Hideki , Doi Yoshiharu , Ito Kazuki , Fujisawa Tetsuro 
Published: April 2005

AbstractSummary: The annealing and melting behavior of poly[(R)‐3‐hydroxybutyrate] (P(3HB)) single crystals were followed in real time by synchrotron small‐ (SAXS) and wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (WAXS) measurements. The real‐time SAXS measurements revealed that the P(3HB) single crystal exhibits a discontinuous increase of lamellar thickness during heating. The structural changes as observed by SAXS and WAXS were in response to the thermal properties of single crystals characterized by differential scanning calorimetry.A series of two‐dimensional small‐angle X‐ray scattering patterns of P(3HB) single crystal mats during the lamellar thickening process.imageA series of two‐dimensional small‐angle X‐ray scattering patterns of P(3HB) single crystal mats during the lamellar thickening process.
Hyperbranched Poly(aryleneethynylene)s: Synthesis, Thermal Stability and Optical Properties
Authors: Peng Han , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: April 2005

AbstractSummary: Alkyne copolycyclomerizations of aromatic diynes 2,7‐bis(4‐ethynylphenylethynyl)‐9,9‐dihexylfluorene (I) and 1,4‐bis(4‐ethynylphenylethynyl)benzene (II) with an aliphatic monoyne 1‐dodecyne (A) were effected by CpCo(CO)2hv in THF, producing hyperbranched poly(aryleneethynylene)s (1 and 2) of high molecular weights ($\overline M _{\rm w}$ up to 4.4 × 104 Da) in high isolation yields (up to 97%). The polymers possessed outstanding thermal stability and emitted strong deep blue light of ≈400 nm when their solutions were photoexcited. The polymers effectively limited the light of a 532 nm laser, with the performance of 2 being better than that of C60, a well‐known optical limiter, under similar linear transmittance.The structure of hyperbranched poly(aryleneethynylene).imageThe structure of hyperbranched poly(aryleneethynylene).