bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Weakened Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation Diminishes Recent Arctic Sea Ice Loss
Authors: Lee Yu‐Chi , Liu Wei 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe Arctic sea ice has been rapidly dwindling over the past four decades, significantly impacting the Arctic region and beyond. During the same period, the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) was also found in a declining trend. Here we investigate the role of the AMOC in the recent Arctic sea ice changes by comparing simulations from the Community Climate System Model version 4 with decelerated and stationary AMOCs under anthropogenic climate change. We find that the weakened AMOC can slow down the decline rates of Arctic sea ice area and volume by 36% and 22% between 1980 and 2020, respectively. The decelerated ocean circulation causes a reduction of northward Atlantic heat transport and hence a general interior ocean cooling in the Arctic Mediterranean, which helps alleviate the Arctic sea ice loss primarily through thermodynamic processes occurring at the base of the sea ice.
Charge decay in the spatial afterglow of plasmas and its impact on diffusion regimes
Authors: Abuyazid Nabiel H. , Üner Necip B. , Peyres Sean M. , Mohan Sankaran R. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe spatial afterglow is a region at the boundary of a non-equilibrium plasma where charged species relax into ambient equilibrium. In many applications, the spatial afterglow is the part of the plasma that interacts with surfaces, such as suspended particles or a material substrate. However, compared to the bulk plasma, there has been little effort devoted to studying the properties of the spatial afterglow, and a fundamental analysis has not yet been developed. Here, we apply double Langmuir probe measurements and develop an advection-diffusion-recombination model to provide a detailed description of charged species in the spatial afterglow over a wide range of pressures, temperatures, plasma dimensions, and flow rates. We find that the density of charged species in the spatial afterglow decays by orders of magnitude, which leads to a transition from ambipolar to free diffusion. These insights can be used to explain or predict experimental observations of phenomena, such as the charging of dust grains and the dose of charged species to a biomaterial.
Cross species systems biology discovers glial DDR2, STOM, and KANK2 as therapeutic targets in progressive supranuclear palsy
Authors: Min Yuhao , Wang Xue , İş Özkan , Patel Tulsi A. , Gao Junli , Reddy Joseph S. , Quicksall Zachary S. , Nguyen Thuy , Lin Shu , Tutor-New Frederick Q. , Chalk Jessica L. , Mitchell Adriana O. , Crook Julia E. , Nelson Peter T. , Van Eldik Linda J. , Golde Todd E. , Carrasquillo Minerva M. , Dickson Dennis W. , Zhang Ke , Allen Mariet , Ertekin-Taner Nilüfer 
Published: November 2023

AbstractProgressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a neurodegenerative parkinsonian disorder characterized by cell-type-specific tau lesions in neurons and glia. Prior work uncovered transcriptome changes in human PSP brains, although their cell-specificity is unknown. Further, systematic data integration and experimental validation platforms to prioritize brain transcriptional perturbations as therapeutic targets in PSP are currently lacking. In this study, we combine bulk tissue (n = 408) and single nucleus RNAseq (n = 34) data from PSP and control brains with transcriptome data from a mouse tauopathy and experimental validations inDrosophilatau models for systematic discovery of high-confidence expression changes in PSP with therapeutic potential. We discover, replicate, and annotate thousands of differentially expressed genes in PSP, many of which reside in glia-enriched co-expression modules and cells. We prioritizeDDR2, STOM, andKANK2as promising therapeutic targets in PSP with striking cross-species validations. We share our findings and data via our interactive application toolPSP RNAseq Atlas(https://rtools.mayo.edu/PSP_RNAseq_Atlas/). Our findings reveal robust glial transcriptome changes in PSP, provide a cross-species systems biology approach, and a tool for therapeutic target discoveries in PSP with potential application in other neurodegenerative diseases.
Catalytic ozonation mechanism over M1-N3C1 active sites
Authors: Ma Dingren , Lian Qiyu , Zhang Yexing , Huang Yajing , Guan Xinyi , Liang Qiwen , He Chun , Xia Dehua , Liu Shengwei , Yu Jiaguo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe structure-activity relationship in catalytic ozonation remains unclear, hindering the understanding of activity origins. Here, we report activity trends in catalytic ozonation using a series of single-atom catalysts with well-defined M1-N3C1 (M: manganese, ferrum, cobalt, and nickel) active sites. The M1-N3C1 units induce locally polarized M − C bonds to capture ozone molecules onto M atoms and serve as electron shuttles for catalytic ozonation, exhibiting excellent catalytic activities (at least 527 times higher than commercial manganese dioxide). The combined in situ characterization and theoretical calculations reveal single metal atom-dependent catalytic activity, with surface atomic oxygen reactivity identified as a descriptor for the structure-activity relationship in catalytic ozonation. Additionally, the dissociation barrier of surface peroxide species is proposed as a descriptor for the structure-activity relationship in ozone decomposition. These findings provide guidelines for designing high-performance catalytic ozonation catalysts and enhance the atomic-level mechanistic understanding of the integral control of ozone and methyl mercaptan.
Overview on wearable sensors for the management of Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Moreau Caroline , Rouaud Tiphaine , Grabli David , Benatru Isabelle , Remy Philippe , Marques Ana-Raquel , Drapier Sophie , Mariani Louise-Laure , Roze Emmanuel , Devos David , Dupont Gwendoline , Bereau Matthieu , Fabbri Margherita 
Published: November 2023

AbstractParkinson’s disease (PD) is affecting about 1.2 million patients in Europe with a prevalence that is expected to have an exponential increment, in the next decades. This epidemiological evolution will be challenged by the low number of neurologists able to deliver expert care for PD. As PD is better recognized, there is an increasing demand from patients for rigorous control of their symptoms and for therapeutic education. In addition, the highly variable nature of symtoms between patients and the fluctuations within the same patient requires innovative tools to help doctors and patients monitor the disease in their usual living environment and adapt treatment in a more relevant way. Nowadays, there are various body-worn sensors (BWS) proposed to monitor parkinsonian clinical features, such as motor fluctuations, dyskinesia, tremor, bradykinesia, freezing of gait (FoG) or gait disturbances. BWS have been used as add-on tool for patients’ management or research purpose. Here, we propose a practical anthology, summarizing the characteristics of the most used BWS for PD patients in Europe, focusing on their role as tools to improve treatment management. Consideration regarding the use of technology to monitor non-motor features is also included. BWS obviously offer new opportunities for improving management strategy in PD but their precise scope of use in daily routine care should be clarified.
Lasting enhancements in neural efficiency by multi-session transcranial direct current stimulation during working memory training
Authors: Ke Yufeng , Liu Shuang , Chen Long , Wang Xiashuang , Ming Dong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe neural basis for long-term behavioral improvements resulting from multi-session transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) combined with working memory training (WMT) remains unclear. In this study, we used task-related electroencephalography (EEG) measures to investigate the lasting neurophysiological effects of anodal high-definition (HD)-tDCS applied over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) during a challenging WMT. Thirty-four healthy young adults were randomized to sham or active tDCS groups and underwent ten 30-minute training sessions over ten consecutive days, preceded by a pre-test and followed by post-tests performed one day and three weeks after the last session, respectively, by performing high-load WM tasks along with EEG recording. Multi-session HD-tDCS significantly enhanced the behavioral benefits of WMT. Compared to the sham group, the active group showed facilitated increases in theta, alpha, beta, and gamma task-related oscillations at the end of training and significantly increased P300 response 3 weeks post-training. Our findings suggest that applying anodal tDCS over the left dlPFC during multi-session WMT can enhance the behavioral benefits of WMT and facilitate sustained improvements in WM-related neural efficiency.
Multiple-instance learning of somatic mutations for the classification of tumour type and the prediction of microsatellite status
Authors: Anaya Jordan , Sidhom John-William , Mahmood Faisal , Baras Alexander S. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLarge-scale genomic data are well suited to analysis by deep learning algorithms. However, for many genomic datasets, labels are at the level of the sample rather than for individual genomic measures. Machine learning models leveraging these datasets generate predictions by using statically encoded measures that are then aggregated at the sample level. Here we show that a single weakly supervised end-to-end multiple-instance-learning model with multi-headed attention can be trained to encode and aggregate the local sequence context or genomic position of somatic mutations, hence allowing for the modelling of the importance of individual measures for sample-level classification and thus providing enhanced explainability. The model solves synthetic tasks that conventional models fail at, and achieves best-in-class performance for the classification of tumour type and for predicting microsatellite status. By improving the performance of tasks that require aggregate information from genomic datasets, multiple-instance deep learning may generate biological insight.
A globally synthesised and flagged bee occurrence dataset and cleaning workflow
Authors: Dorey James B. , Fischer Erica E. , Chesshire Paige R. , Nava-Bolaños Angela , O’Reilly Robert L. , Bossert Silas , Collins Shannon M. , Lichtenberg Elinor M. , Tucker Erika M. , Smith-Pardo Allan , Falcon-Brindis Armando , Guevara Diego A. , Ribeiro Bruno , de Pedro Diego , Pickering John , Hung Keng-Lou James , Parys Katherine A. , McCabe Lindsie M. , Rogan Matthew S. , Minckley Robert L. , Velazco Santiago J. E. , Griswold Terry , Zarrillo Tracy A. , Jetz Walter , Sica Yanina V. , Orr Michael C. , Guzman Laura Melissa , Ascher John S. , Hughes Alice C. , Cobb Neil S. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSpecies occurrence data are foundational for research, conservation, and science communication, but the limited availability and accessibility of reliable data represents a major obstacle, particularly for insects, which face mounting pressures. We presentBeeBDC, a newRpackage, and a global bee occurrence dataset to address this issue. We combined >18.3 million bee occurrence records from multiple public repositories (GBIF, SCAN, iDigBio, USGS, ALA) and smaller datasets, then standardised, flagged, deduplicated, and cleaned the data using the reproducibleBeeBDC R-workflow. Specifically, we harmonised species names (following established global taxonomy), country names, and collection dates and, we added record-level flags for a series of potential quality issues. These data are provided in two formats, “cleaned” and “flagged-but-uncleaned”. TheBeeBDCpackage with online documentation provides end users the ability to modify filtering parameters to address their research questions. By publishing reproducibleRworkflows and globally cleaned datasets, we can increase the accessibility and reliability of downstream analyses. This workflow can be implemented for other taxa to support research and conservation.
Integrating databases for spatial analysis of parasite-host associations and the novel Brazilian dataset
Authors: Cruz Gabriella L. T. , Winck Gisele R. , D’Andrea Paulo S. , Krempser Eduardo , Vidal Mariana M. , Andreazzi Cecilia S. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIncomplete information on parasites, their associated hosts, and their precise geographical location hampers the ability to predict disease emergence in Brazil, a continental-sized country characterised by significant regional disparities. Here, we demonstrate how the NCBI Nucleotide and GBIF databases can be used as complementary databases to study spatially georeferenced parasite-host associations. We also provide a comprehensive dataset of parasites associated with mammal species that occur in Brazil, the Brazilian Mammal Parasite Occurrence Data (BMPO). This dataset integrates wild mammal species’ morphological and life-history traits, zoonotic parasite status, and zoonotic microparasite transmission modes. Through meta-networks, comprising interconnected host species linked by shared zoonotic microparasites, we elucidate patterns of zoonotic microparasite dissemination. This approach contributes to wild animal and zoonoses surveillance, identifying and targeting host species accountable for disproportionate levels of parasite sharing within distinct biomes. Moreover, our novel dataset contributes to the refinement of models concerning disease emergence and parasite distribution among host species.
Large-scale violence in Late Neolithic Western Europe based on expanded skeletal evidence from San Juan ante Portam Latinam
Authors: Fernández-Crespo Teresa , Ordoño Javier , Etxeberria Francisco , Herrasti Lourdes , Armendariz Ángel , Vegas José I. , Schulting Rick J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis paper explores the nature and extent of conflict in Late Neolithic Europe based on expanded skeletal evidence for violence from the San Juan ante Portam Latinam rockshelter in present-day Spain (ca. 3380–3000 cal. BC). The systematic osteological re-examination has identified 65 unhealed and 89 healed traumas—of which 77 were previously undocumented—consistent with aggression. They affect 23.1% of the 338 individuals represented. Adolescent and adult males are particularly affected (44.9% of the 107 identified), comprising 97.6% of unhealed trauma and 81.7% of healed trauma recorded in individuals whose sex could be estimated and showing higher frequencies of injuries per individual than other demographic subgroups. Results suggest that many individuals, essentially men, were exposed to violence and eventually killed in battle and raids, since warriorship is mainly restricted to this demographic in many societies. The proportion of casualties is likely to have been far greater than indicated by the 10.1% individuals exhibiting unhealed trauma, given the presence of isolated cases of unhealed postcranial trauma and of arrowheads potentially having impacted into soft tissues. This, together with skeletal indicators of poor health and the possible socioeconomic outcomes evidenced in the region, suggest wider social impacts, which may relate to a more sophisticated and formalized way of warfare than previously appreciated in the European Neolithic record.
Gut microbiota composition and diversity before, during, and two months after rifamycin-based tuberculosis preventive therapy
Authors: Séraphin Marie Nancy , Bellot Julia , Klann Emily , Ukhanova Maria , Saulsberry Florence G. , Peloquin Charles A. , Mai Volker 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTuberculosis (TB) preventive therapy (TPT) is an effective strategy to eliminate TB in low-incidence settings. Shorter TPT regimens incorporating the antimicrobial class of rifamycins are designed to improve adherence and completion rates but carry the risk of modifications to the gut microbiota. We enrolled six subjects diagnosed with latent TB infection (LTBI) who accepted to initiate TPT. We also enrolled six healthy volunteers unexposed to the rifamycins. We profiled the gut microbiota using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing (V1-V2 region) to document the immediate effect of rifamycin-based TPT on the gut microbiota composition and tracked recovery to baseline two months after TPT. Overall, TPT accounted for 17% of the variance in gut microbial community dissimilarity. This rifamycin-based TPT induced dysbiosis was characterized by a depletion of butyrate-producing taxa (Clostridium-XIVa and Roseburia) and expansion of potentially pathogenic taxa within the Firmicutes and Proteobacteria phyla. Recovery of the gut microbial composition was incomplete two months after TPT. Robust clinical studies are necessary to comprehensively catalogue TPT-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis to inform strategies to mitigate potential long-term sequelae of this important TB control intervention.
Numerical investigation of sequential phase-locked optical gating of free electrons
Authors: Chahshouri Fatemeh , Talebi Nahid 
Published: November 2023

AbstractRecent progress in coherent quantum interactions between free-electron pulses and laser-induced near-field light have revolutionized electron wavepacket shaping. Building on these advancements, we numerically explore the potential of sequential interactions between slow electrons and localized dipolar plasmons in a sequential phase-locked interaction scheme. Taking advantage of the prolonged interaction time between slow electrons and optical near-fields, we aim to explore the effect of plasmon dynamics on the free-electron wavepacket modulation. Our results demonstrate that the initial optical phase of the localized dipolar plasmon at the starting point of the interaction, along with the phase offset between the interaction zones, can serve as control parameters in manipulating the transverse and longitudinal recoil of the electron wavefunction. Moreover, it is shown that the incident angle of the laser light is an additional control knop for tailoring the longitudinal and transverse recoils. We show that a sequential phase-locking method can be employed to precisely manipulate the longitudinal and transverse recoil of the electron wavepacket, leading to selective acceleration or deceleration of the electron energy along specific diffraction angles. These findings have important implications for developing novel techniques for ultrafast electron-light interferometry, shaping the electron wavepacket, and quantum information processing.
Study on the spatial specificity of phenolics in fruit of different jujube varieties
Authors: Zhou Xiaofeng , Zhang Zhun , Pu Yunfeng , Wu Cuiyun , Yan Min , Zhang Qiaoqiao 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPhenol, an important bioactive substance in jujube fruit, is one of the most important indexes of fruit quality. In order to clarify the phenolic substance composition, content and distribution characteristics of different varieties of jujube fruits, this study measured and compared the content of total phenols, total flavonoids and phenolic substance composition in different parts of fruits of six jujube varieties, and combined with the principal component analysis, the results showed that: Fourteen phenolic substances were identified in the fruits of different jujube varieties, and proanthocyanidins, epicatechin, catechin and rutin were the main components, accounting for 58.60%, 16.08%, 13.56% and 5.57% of the total phenolic substances, respectively. The total phenolic and total flavonoid contents of jujube fruits of each variety were between 18.11 and 21.45 mg GAE/g DW and 10.56–20.25 mg RE/g DW, respectively, and the differences in the contents between the varieties were significant, and the contents of ‘Junzao’ and ‘Jinlingyuanzao’ were higher than those of other varieties.The phenolic content of different parts of jujube fruits showed spatial distribution differences, manifested as the total phenols, total flavonoids and their fractions of the peel were significantly higher than that of the pulp, while the content of the pulp near the kernel was significantly higher than that of other parts of the pulp, This study provides a theoretical basis for analysing the differences in phenolic substances in jujube fruits.
Daily flow prediction of the Huayuankou hydrometeorological station based on the coupled CEEMDAN–SE–BiLSTM model
Authors: Li Haiyang , Zhang Xianqi , Sun Shifeng , Wen Yihao , Yin Qiuwen 
Published: November 2023

AbstractEnhancing flood forecasting accuracy, promoting rational water resource utilization and management, and mitigating river disasters all hinge on the crucial role of improving the accuracy of daily flow prediction. The coupled model of Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition with Adaptive Noise (CEEMDAN), Sample Entropy (SE), and Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) demonstrates higher stability when faced with nonlinear and non-stationary data, stronger adaptability to various types and lengths of time series data by utilizing sample entropy, and significant advantages in processing sequential data through the BiLSTM network. In this study, in the context of predicting daily flow at the Huayuankou Hydrological Station in the lower reaches of the Yellow River, a coupled CEEMDAN–SE–BiLSTM model was developed and utilized. The results showed that the CEEMDAN–SE–BiLSTM coupled model achieved the utmost accuracy in prediction and optimal fitting performance. Compared with the CEEMDAN–SE–LSTM, CEEMDAN–BiLSTM, and BiLSTM coupled models, the root mean square error (RMSE) of this model is reduced by 42.77, 182.02, and 193.71, respectively; the mean absolute error (MAE) is reduced by 37.62, 118.60, and 126.67, respectively; and the coefficient of determination (R2) is increased by 0.0208, 0.1265, 0.1381.
Research and experiment on the trenching performance of orchard trenching device
Authors: Ma Chen , Meng He Wei , Zhang Jian , Zhang Cong , Zhao Ying , Wang Li Hong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAiming at the mismatch between the cutter combination of the furrowing device and the operating parameters, and resulting in low quality of furrowing and other problems, the theoretical analysis of the furrowing cutting operation is carried out and the influence law of the furrowing parameters on the trajectory, performance and quality of the furrowing movement is obtained. The influence of trenching parameters on trenching trajectory, performance and quality was obtained. The response surface method was applied to design and carry out field experiments. With the increase of cutter head speed and forward speed, the width and depth of trenching and the thickness of floating soil at the bottom of trenching decreased first and then increased, while the operation power consumption presented the increasing trend gradually. The optimization model of trenching performance quality was constructed to obtain the optimal parameter combination of influencing factors. Field experiments were carried out to verify the optimization results. The optimisation results were verified through field tests, which showed that the average depth of furrowing was 472 mm, the width was 332 mm, the thickness of soil return was 134 mm, and the operating power consumption was 19.95 kW. The results showed that the average depth of furrowing was 472 mm, the width was 332 mm, and the thickness of soil return was 134 mm. The optimization model could meet the operation quality indexes, and provide a theoretical basis for the design of the disc subsection cutting trenching device to select the operation parameter combination required by low power consumption and deep trenching.