bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The specificity of clinical characteristics in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a comparison with patients with borderline personality disorder
Authors: Dowson J.H. , McLean A. , Bazanis E. , Toone B. , Young S. , Robbins T.W. , Sahakian B. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractCharacteristics of DSM-IV attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults can also be found as part of other psychiatric disorders. This study investigated the specificity of adult ADHD features in relation to patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD), a syndrome which shares some of its intrinsic features with ADHD and often co-occurs with ADHD. A group of 20 adult patients selected on the basis of a diagnosis of ADHD and 20 patients selected on the basis of a diagnosis of BPD were assessed by the self-report Attention Deficit Scales for Adults (ADSA). The two groups were matched for age, verbal IQ and gender. Of the nine ADSA scales, seven showed significant inter-group differences, in particular involving attention, organisation and persistence. The ‘Consistency/Long-Term’ scale, which mainly reflects impaired task and goal persistence, was the best discriminator between the groups. Furthermore, ratings on this scale correlated significantly with the error score of a computer-administered task of spatial working memory, the performance of which has been reported to be impaired in patients with ADHD. The results provide further validation for the ADSA scales and support a previous claim that ‘long-term consistencies’, i.e., related to task and goal persistence, is ‘the centrepiece behavioural issue’ for adults with ADHD.
Attitudes of mental health professionals and lay-people towards involuntary admission and treatment in England and Germany—a questionnaire analysis
Authors: Lepping Peter , Steinert Tilman , Gebhardt Ralf-Peter , Röttgers Hanns Rüdiger 
Published: February 2004

AbstractObjectivesTo identify attitudes about involuntary admission and treatment in mental health professionals and lay-people and to compare results between England and Germany.MethodThree scenarios of potentially detainable patients were presented to identify attitudes. A questionnaire asked about attitudes towards involuntary admission as well as treatment. A questionnaire analysis was then performed.ResultsThere were similar attitudes towards involuntary admission and treatment between lay-people and mental health professionals with the exception of professionals not actively involved in the detention process. The different legal frameworks between Germany and England did not influence attitudes much. Support for involuntary admission and treatment broadly increased with age.ConclusionsPsychiatrists and other mental health workers are in tune with society with regards to attitudes towards involuntary admission. People involved with mentally ill patients but not in the detention process have negative attitudes towards involuntary admission.
The sensitivity of tibiofemoral contact pressure to the size and shape of the lateral and medial menisci
Authors: Donahue Tammy L. Haut , Hull M. L. , Rashid Mark M. , Jacobs Christopher R. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractIn an effort to prevent degeneration of articular cartilage associated with meniscectomies, both meniscal allografts and synthetic replacements have been studied. A number of biomechanical criteria may be important for a meniscal replacement to restore normal tibiofemoral contact pressure in the knee joint and hence be clinically successful. One of these criteria is geometric similarity. The objectives of the current study were to: determine the sensitivity of the contact variables of the tibial plateau to the transverse depth and width of both the lateral and medial menisci; determine the sensitivity of the contact variables of the tibial plateau to the cross‐sectional width and height of the lateral and medial menisci; and determine the tolerances on each of the four parameters for both menisci. To satisfy these objectives, a previously developed finite element model of the tibiofemoral joint was used to compute the contact pressure distribution on the tibial plateau. The effect of the above‐mentioned geometric parameters on the contact behavior was studied by perturbing the finite element model. Results showed that the contact variables are similarly sensitive to both the transverse and cross‐sectional parameters of the menisci. Additionally the medial meniscal parameters have a greater effect on the contact variables than do the lateral meniscal parameters. Finally, less than a 0.5 mm change in the medial meniscal height and greater than a 1 mm change in the lateral meniscal height could be tolerated before the relative difference in the contact variables from those for the original geometry exceeded 10%. Thus in the design or selection of meniscal replacements, each of the four parameters should be measured when sizing a replacement tissue. Also tighter tolerances should be placed on the medial meniscal parameters compared to the lateral meniscal parameters. © 2004 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Association between HLA Class II Locus and the Susceptibility to Artemisia Pollen–Induced Allergic Rhinitis in Chinese Population
Authors: Wang Min , Xing Zhi‐Min , Yu De‐Lin , Yan Zheng , Yu Li‐Sheng 
Published: February 2004

OBJECTIVEThe aim of the study was to determine whether susceptibility or resistance to Artemisia pollen‐induced allergic rhinitis was associated with HLA class II DQA1, DQB1 loci.STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGForty‐one subjects with allergic rhinitis and 41 healthy controls from Beijing were genotyped at HLA class II DQA1, DQB1 alleles by polymerase chain reaction amplification with sequence‐specific primers‐based technique.RESULTSThe allele frequencies of HLA‐DQA1*0201, DQB1*0602 were lower in patients with allergic rhinitis compared with the controls (24.39% versus 46.34%, P = 0.038; 4.88% versus 26.83%, P = 0.007), and the frequency of DQA1*0302 was higher among patients than the controls (58.54% versus 14.63%, P = 0.00004, Pc = 0.0004).CONCLUSION AND SIGNIFICANCE: HLA‐DQA1 and DQB1 genes may be involved in the development of Artemisia pollen‐induced allergic rhinitis. HLA‐DQA1*0201, DQB1*0602 alleles may be a protective factor and DQA1*0302 may be a susceptible factor for Artemisia pollen‐induced allergic rhinitis.
Which is Important in the Evaluation of Metastatic Lymph Nodes in Head and Neck Cancer: Palpation, Ultrasonography, or Computed Tomography?
Authors: Haberal Ilknur , Çelik Hatice , Göçmen Hakan , Akmansu Halit , Yörük Muharrem , Özeri Cavit 
Published: February 2004

OBJECTIVEEvaluate palpation, ultrasonography (USG), and computed tomography (CT) with respect to their value for comparative determination of metastatic lymph nodes in head and neck cancer.STUDY DESIGNA prospective study was conducted in a tertiary referral hospital. During September 1996 and April 1999, clinical investigation, USG, and CT were performed preoperatively on 48 patients who would undergo neck dissection for primary head and neck malignancy. The presence of metastatic lymph nodes in pathologic specimens were compared with the findings of palpation, CT, and USG.RESULTSTwenty‐two of the patients had positive lymph nodes on pathologic investigation. The sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, positive predictive value, and accuracy for palpation are 64%, 85%, 74%, 78%, and 75% respectively. Respective values for USG and CT for sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, positive predictive value, and accuracy are 72%, 96%, 80%, 94%, and 85% and 81%, 96%, 85%, 90%, and 87%.CONCLUSIONAll of the pretreatment evaluation methods, palpation, CT, and USG yield results that are significantly different from the histopathologic results, suggesting that no pretreatment study can accurately assess the requirement to histopathologically stage the neck. USG findings are more correlated with the pathologic findings than palpation, but CT gives the most effective and reliable results when it is combined with USG in neck staging. Preoperative USG and CT scanning of the neck by an experienced radiologist is essential and useful for diagnosis, staging, and therapy choices.SIGNIFICANCEStatistical analysis was done with χ2 test. The difference between histologic findings and palpation is significant (P = 0.0005). The difference between histologic findings and USG and CT is significant (P = 0.0001 and P = 0.0001).
Olfactory Cleft Disease: An Analysis of 13 Cases
Authors: Biacabe Bernard , Faulcon Patrick , Amanou Laurent , Bonfils Pierre 
Published: February 2004

OBJECTIVESOlfactory cleft disease was defined as (1) an olfactory disability related with a clinical and/or radiologic abnormality of the olfactory cleft and (2) a pathologic process limited to or predominating in the olfactory cleft. The objectives of this study were to describe the clinical and radiologic findings of this entity and to report the effect of medical therapy on the sense of smell.STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGThirteen patients with the criteria of olfactory cleft disease were included in this retrospective study. All patients had bilateral olfactory cleft abnormalities. A complete ENT examination with endoscopic evaluation and a computed tomography scan were performed in all cases. An olfactory threshold test was available in 12 cases before and after medical therapy, which included oral and topically administered steroid therapy.RESULTSOlfactory disability was the major symptom of olfactory cleft disease. Other symptoms of chronic rhinosinus dysfunction was present in 75% of cases. Three pathologic processes were identified in patients with olfactory cleft disease: malformative, inflammatory, and inflammatory associated with anatomical deformities of olfactory cleft boundaries. Medical therapy was effective in lowering olfactory thresholds in 25% of the cases.CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCEOlfactory cleft disease involves various pathophysiologic processes. Computed tomography scanning provides the most information for diagnosis. Indications of functional endoscopic surgery remain to be defined after failure of medical therapy.
Development and Validation of the Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) Scale1
Authors: Stewart Michael G. , Witsell David L. , Smith Timothy L. , Weaver Edward M. , Yueh Bevan , Hannley Maureen T. 
Published: February 2004

OBJECTIVEThe study goal was to validate a disease‐specific health status instrument for use in patients with nasal obstruction.DESIGN, SETTINGS, AND PATIENTSThe study consisted of a prospective instrument validation conducted at 4 academic medical centers with 32 adults with nasal septal deformity.METHODSProspective instrument validation occurred in 2 stages. Stage 1 was the development of a preliminary (alpha‐version) instrument of potential items. Stage 2 was a test of the alpha‐version for item performance, internal consistency, and test‐retest reliability; construct, discriminant, criterion validity, and responsiveness; and creation of the final instrument.RESULTSItems with poor performance were eliminated from the alpha‐version instrument. In testing the final instrument, test‐retest reliability was adequate at 0.702; internal consistency reliability was also adequate at 0.785. Validity was confirmed using correlation and comparison analysis, and response sensitivity was excellent.CONCLUSIONSThe Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation Scale is a valid, reliable, and responsive instrument that is brief and easy to complete and has potential use for outcomes studies in adults with nasal obstruction.
An Analysis of 3599 Midfacial and 1141 Orbital Blowout Fractures Among 4426 United States Army Soldiers, 1980–20001
Authors: Shere Jeffrey L. , Boole Jason R. , Holtel Michael R. , Amoroso Paul J. 
Published: February 2004

OBJECTIVEWe sought to present the epidemiology associated with 3599 midfacial and 1141 orbital blowout fractures.STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGWe conducted a multicenter, 20‐year retrospective analysis of hospitalization data on U.S. Army active duty soldiers.RESULTSMen composed 96% of the patients, with men aged 20 to 29 years the most affected. Of midfacial and blowout fractures, 54.8% and 70.2% occurred with concomitant injury, with 36.2% and 50.9% sustaining other facial fractures, respectively. Three hundred forty orbital blowout fractures (29.8%) had an associated eye injury. Common mechanisms included fighting and motor vehicle accidents.CONCLUSIONSYoung men comprised the most susceptible population, and assault was the predominant mechanism. A high incidence of concomitant injury in midfacial and orbital blowout fractures, particularly ocular and intracranial injury, emphasizes the importance of a thorough physical examination.SIGNIFICANCEWe report the results from one of the largest series of midfacial and orbital floor blowout fractures from a population that crosses urban, rural, and foreign boundaries.
Effects of Three Nasal Topical Steroids in the Intraocular Pressure Compartment
Authors: Bross‐Soriano Daniel , Hanenberg‐Milver Carlos , Schimelmitz‐Idi Jose , Arrieta‐Gomez Jose R. , Astorga Del Toro Rigoberto , Bravo‐Escobar Gerardo 
Published: February 2004

OBJECTIVEThe purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the use of fluticasone propionate, mometasone furoate, or beclomethasone diproplonate for the treatment of rhinitis produced, as a side effect, an increase in the intraocular pressure; only one printed article proclaims that the increase of secondary intraocular pressure is due to the use of local nasal steroids.PATIENTS AND STUDY DESIGNWe conducted a comparative, double‐blind, experimental, prospective, longitudinal study in which 360 patients were divided at random into 4 groups; 90 of them were given a placebo (control group) and the other 270 were divided into 3 other groups of 90 patients each and given a different local nasal steroid for each group.MEASUREMENT PARAMETERSAll patients had their intraocular pressure measured by Goldman's tonometry at 3 weeks, 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year after using the placebo or local nasal steroid.RESULTSVariations were found in the intraocular pressure of patients who used local steroid, with discreet elevations in the beclomethasone dipropi‐onate and mometasone furoate groups; however, variations were always within normal limits.CONCLUSIONFluticasone propionate, mometa‐sone furoate, and beclomethasone dipropionate cause variations in the intraocular pressure, but the variations are within normal limits.
Cell Adhesion Molecules and Cytokines in Middle Ear Effusions in Children with or without Recent Acute Otitis Media
Authors: Russo Eyal , Smith C. Wayne , Friedman Ellen M. , Smith E. O'Brian , Kaplan Sheldon L. 
Published: February 2004

OBJECTIVESWe sought to compare the levels of cytokines and cell adhesion molecules in middle ear effusions (MEEs) of children with (group 1) or without (group 2) acute otitis media (AOM) within 3 months of obtaining MEE and to correlate these levels with hearing loss.DESIGN AND SUBJECTSMEE were collected from children (49 and 51 children composed groups 1 and 2, respectively) with otitis media with effusion (OME) undergoing tube placement who had an audiogram performed preoperatively. MEE was assessed as serous or mucoid. Cytokines and cell adhesion molecules were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Data were analyzed with the Student t test, x2 test, and the Pearson correlation test.RESULTSConcentrations of interleukin (IL)‐1, IL‐6, and vascular cell adhesion molecules (VCAM) were greater in the MEE of the children in group 1 compared with those of group 2 children. (P < 0.001 for IL‐1 and IL‐6; P < 0.05 for VCAM). The concentrations of IL‐1, IL‐6, VCAM, and E‐selectin were greater in serous than in mucoid MEE. (P < 0.05). Concentrations of IL‐6 correlated with the concentrations of the other 2 cytokines and the 3 cell adhesion molecules. Only concentrations of IL‐6 in MEE correlated with the degree of hearing loss (P < 0.002).CONCLUSIONSThe inflammatory response leading to OME involves multiple cytokines regardless of an AOM episode in the 3 months before obtaining MEE. IL‐6 is an important cytokine in the pathogenesis of OME.
Incidental Paranasal Sinus Imaging Abnormalities and the Normal Lund Score in Children
Authors: Hill Micah , Bhattacharyya Neil , Hall Theodore R. , Lufkin Robert , Shapiro Nina L. 
Published: February 2004

OBJECTIVESOur goal was to determine the incidental Lund score for pediatric patients without chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).METHODSPediatric patients with computed tomography scans of the orbit or brain were identified. Patients with a clinical history of sinonasal disorders or skeletal facial trauma were excluded. The remaining scans were scored according to the Lund‐MacKay system. Pneumatization of the frontal and sphenoid sinuses was also recorded. A scaled Lund score was computed, and the mean Lund score for this normal population was determined.RESULTSOne hundred ninety‐two computed tomography scans were examined (mean age, 9.0 years). The frontal sinuses and sphenoid sinuses were absent in 40.1% and 1.6% of cases, respectively. The mean scaled Lund score in this pediatric population without CRS was 2.81 (95% confidence interval, 2.40 to 3.22). This result differed statistically from a score of 0 (P < 0.001). Only 37 (19.3%) patients had completely radiographically normal sinuses.CONCLUSIONSThe mean incidental Lund score in the absence of CRS approaches 3, and this should be considered when determining the diagnostic likelihood of CRS in pediatric patients.
Nasal Reconstruction in Surgery of the Anterior Skull Base
Authors: Ducic Yadranko , Pontius Allison T. 
Published: February 2004

OBJECTIVESWe sought to evaluate the effectiveness of a number of surgical maneuvers in nasal reconstruction of a diverse population of patients undergoing skull base surgery.STUDY DESIGNWe conducted a retrospective review of a cohort of patients undergoing nasal reconstruction during surgery of the anterior skull base and craniovertebral junction.METHODSAll patients undergoing skull base surgery and nasal reconstruction by the senior author (Y.D.) with a minimum follow‐up of 12 months from 1997 to 2001 were evaluated. Preoperative and postoperative photographs and clinical evaluation were examined in detail with particular attention focused on the nasal complex.RESULTSA total of 47 patients were evaluated for this study, including those who had undergone anterior craniofacial resections (n = 14), Le Fort osteotomies (n = 5), subcranial approaches (n = 10), maxillotomies (n = 8), and midfacial disassemblies (n = 10). Primary calvarial bone graft reconstruction of the anterior craniofacial group was facilitated with the use of positioning plates and resuspension of the upper lateral cartilages when available. In contradistinction to secondary bone grafting, dorsal grafts in this group extended to the native nasal bone length. A small overlay bone graft was thought to be necessary when the nasal root was osteotomized in conjunction with the orbital and/or maxillary segments to maintain dorsal height in the long term. Le Fort osteotomy patients require refixation of the septum to the anterior nasal spine region for stability.CONCLUSIONSUse of the techniques outlined in this article appears to be associated with gratifying long‐term nasal form in reconstruction of the anterior skull base.
Head and Neck Trauma in Hospitalized Pediatric Patients
Authors: Lim Lynne H. Y. , Kumar Manoj , Myer Charles M. 
Published: February 2004

BACKGROUNDThe study goal was to determine the presentation of head and neck trauma (HNT) in hospitalized pediatric subjects.STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGRetrospective review of 257 subjects admitted to a level I pediatric trauma center.RESULTSThe male/female ratio of the subjects was 2.5: 1, with a median age of 9.3 years. Also, 35.0% of subjects had associated major non‐HNT. HNT anatomic sites varied with age. The leading major HNT was facial/base of skull fractures (FBSF). Motor vehicle trauma was significant in subjects older than 3 years, and bite and falls were significant in subjects younger than 3 years. FBSF increased 3.7 times (P = 0.02) for subjects older than 10 years compared with subjects younger than 3 years.CONCLUSIONThe most common major HNT was FBSF, with older age at higher risk. Associated major non‐HNT is high. Mechanisms of injury and sites of HNT vary with age.SIGNIFICANCEThis information may improve prevention counseling and aid preparation for the management of pediatric HNT.
Miniaturization of an Enzyme Assay (β-Galactosidase) in the 384- and 1536-Well Plate Format
Authors: Berg Michael , Undisz Katrin , Thiericke Ralf , Moore Thomas , Posten Clemens 
Published: February 2004

Miniaturization is one way to realize today's demands in the drug discovery process by moving from the standard 96-well plate to higher density microplate formats. In this article we describe the adaptation of a fluorescence-based enzyme assay to the challenges of the 384- and 1536-well plate format. The liquid-handling was realized by the automated micropipettor CyBi-Well™ 96/384/1536* (CyBio AG — formerly JENOPTIK Bioinstruments Gmbh — Jena, Germany). On the basis of optimized liquid-handling parameters pipetting routines were established to perform an enzyme assay (β-galactosidase) in the microplate formats of higher density. Finally, the experimental results were compared to those obtained in the well-established 96-well format. In the enzyme assay, the bioconversion of the substrate Fluorescein-di-(β-D-galactopyranoside) (FDG), occurred as a linear function of the β-galactosidase concentration comparably in all three assay formats. We conclude that miniaturization using the higher density 384- and 1536-well plate formats is advantageous as the next evolutionary step in HTS, especially using enzyme assays. A careful individual adaptation procedure for each microplate format and assay at the basis of the optimized liquid-handling parameters is essential. CyBi-Well™ 96/384/1536 proves to be a powerful tool for a careful adaptation of the liquid-handling procedures of biological assays especially also in the 384- and 1536-well formats.
Chronic bilateral otomycosis caused by Aspergillus niger
Authors: Mishra G. S. , Mehta Niral , Pal M. 
Published: February 2004

Summary Aspergillus niger, an opportunistic filamentous fungus, was identified as the cause of chronic bilateral otomycosis in a 46‐year‐old female patient who was unresponsive to different drugs. The patient showed signs of erythema, otalgia, itching, otorrhoea and presence of greyish black coloured mass in both the ear canals. The direct microscopical examination of the ear debris in potassium hydroxide preparations, Giemsa, phase contrast and Gram revealed many thin, branched septate hyphae, condia and conidiophores morphologically indistinguishable from Aspergillus spp. The histopathological section of the ear wax mass by haematoxylin and eosin and periodic acid‐Schiff techniques also showed similar fungal elements. The patient responded to 1% solution of mercurochrome. The use of mercurochrome in developing countries like India may be recommended to treat the fungal otitis in patients. We also emphasize that ‘Narayan’ stain should be routinely employed by microbiology and public health laboratories to study the morphology of pathogenic fungi.
Invasive fungal sinusitis due toBipolaris hawaiiensis
Authors: Castelnuovo P. , De Bernardi F. , Cavanna C. , Pagella F. , Bossolesi P. , Marone P. , Farina C. 
Published: February 2004

SummaryA phaeohyphomycotic sinusitis due toBipolaris hawaiiensis, observed in an immunologically competent patient, is reported and a review of data from the literature is given. The patient was successfully treated by surgical drainage and amphotericin B.