bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Collaboration and topic switches in science
Authors: Venturini Sara , Sikdar Satyaki , Rinaldi Francesco , Tudisco Francesco , Fortunato Santo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCollaboration is a key driver of science and innovation. Mainly motivated by the need to leverage different capacities and expertise to solve a scientific problem, collaboration is also an excellent source of information about the future behavior of scholars. In particular, it allows us to infer the likelihood that scientists choose future research directions via the intertwined mechanisms of selection and social influence. Here we thoroughly investigate the interplay between collaboration and topic switches. We find that the probability for a scholar to start working on a new topic increases with the number of previous collaborators, with a pattern showing that the effects of individual collaborators are not independent. The higher the productivity and the impact of authors, the more likely their coworkers will start working on new topics. The average number of coauthors per paper is also inversely related to the topic switch probability, suggesting a dilution of this effect as the number of collaborators increases.
Associations between low serum levels of ANRIL and some common gene SNPs in Iranian patients with premature coronary artery disease
Authors: Taheri Bajgan Elham , Zahedmehr Ali , Shakerian Farshad , Maleki Majid , Bakhshandeh Hooman , Mowla Seyed Javad , Malakootian Mahshid 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCoronary artery disease (CAD) is the major cause of mortality in the world. Premature development of CAD can be attributed to women under 55 and men under 45. Many genetic factors play a part in premature CAD. Among them, ANRIL, a long noncoding RNA is located at the 9p21 risk locus, and its expression seems to be correlated with CAD. In the current study, premature CAD and control blood samples, with and without Type 2 Diabetes (T2D), were genotyped for six SNPs at the 9p21 locus. Additionally, ANRIL serum expression was assessed in both groups using real-time PCR. It was performed using different primers targeting exons 1, 5–6, and 19. The χ2 test for association, along with t-tests and ANOVA, was employed for statistical analysis. In this study, we did not find any significant correlation between premature coronary artery disease and rs10757274, rs2383206, rs2383207, rs496892, rs10757278 and rs10738605. However, a lower ANRIL expression was correlated with each SNP risk genotype. Despite the correlation between lower ANRIL expression and CAD, Type 2 diabetes was associated with higher ANRIL expression. Altogether, the correlation between ANRIL expression and the genotypes of the studied SNPs indicated that genetic variants, even those in intronic regions, affect long noncoding RNA expression levels. In conclusion, we recommend combining genetic variants with expression analysis when developing screening strategies for families with premature CAD. To prevent the devastating outcomes of CAD in young adults, it is crucial to discover noninvasive genetic-based screening tests.
Isatin-tethered halogen-containing acylhydrazone derivatives as monoamine oxidase inhibitor with neuroprotective effect
Authors: Kumar Sunil , Oh Jong Min , Prabhakaran Prabitha , Awasti Abhimanyu , Kim Hoon , Mathew Bijo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSixteen isatin-based hydrazone derivatives (IS1–IS16) were synthesized and assessed for their ability to inhibit monoamine oxidases (MAOs). All the molecules showed improved inhibitory MAO-B activity compared to MAO-A. CompoundIS7most potently inhibited MAO-B with an IC50value of 0.082 μM, followed byIS13andIS6(IC50 = 0.104 and 0.124 μM, respectively). CompoundIS15most potently inhibited MAO-A with an IC50value of 1.852 μM, followed byIS3(IC50 = 2.385 μM). CompoundIS6had the highest selectivity index (SI) value of 263.80, followed byIS7andIS13(233.85 and 212.57, respectively). In the kinetic study, the Kivalues ofIS6,IS7, andIS13for MAO-B were 0.068 ± 0.022, 0.044 ± 0.002, and 0.061 ± 0.001 μM, respectively, and that ofIS15for MAO-A was 1.004 ± 0.171 μM, and the compounds were reversible-type inhibitors. The lead compounds were central nervous system (CNS) permeable, as per parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA) test results. The lead compounds were examined for their cytotoxicity and potential neuroprotective benefits in hazardous lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-exposed SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Pre-treatment with lead compounds enhanced anti-oxidant levels (SOD, CAT, GSH, and GPx) and decreased ROS and pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-6, TNF-alpha, and NF-kB) production in LPS-intoxicated SH-SY5Y cells. To confirm the promising effects of the compound, molecular docking, dynamics, and MM-GBSA binding energy were used to examine the molecular basis of theIS7-MAO-B interaction. Our findings indicate that lead compounds are potential therapeutic agents to treat neurological illnesses, such as Parkinson's disease.
Glioblastoma multiforme influence on the elemental homeostasis of the distant organs: the results of inter-comparison study carried out with TXRF method
Authors: Wilk Aleksandra , Setkowicz Zuzanna , Banas Dariusz , Fernández-Ruiz Ramón , Marguí Eva , Matusiak Katarzyna , Wrobel Pawel , Wudarczyk-Mocko Jolanta , Janik-Olchawa Natalia , Chwiej Joanna 
Published: January 2024

AbstractGlioblastoma (GBM) is a fast-growing and aggressive brain tumor which invades the nearby brain tissue but generally does not spread to the distant organs. Nonetheless, if untreated, GBM can result in patient death in time even less than few months from the diagnosis. The influence of the tumor progress on organs other than brain is obvious but still not well described. Therefore, we examined the elemental abnormalities appearing in selected body organs (kidney, heart, spleen, lung) in two rat models of GBM. The animals used for the study were subjected to the implantation of human GBM cell lines (U87MG and T98G) characterized by different levels of invasiveness. The elemental analysis of digested organ samples was carried out using the total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF) method, independently, in three European laboratories utilizing various commercially available TXRF spectrometers. The comparison of the data obtained for animals subjected to T98G and U87MG cells implantation showed a number of elemental anomalies in the examined organs. What is more, the abnormalities were found for rats even if neoplastic tumor did not develop in their brains. The most of alterations for both experimental groups were noted in the spleen and lungs, with the direction of the found element changes in these organs being the opposite. The observed disorders of element homeostasis may result from many processes occurring in the animal body as a result of implantation of cancer cells or the development of GBM, including inflammation, anemia of chronic disease or changes in iron metabolism. Tumor induced changes in organ elemental composition detected in cooperating laboratories were usually in a good agreement. In case of elements with higher atomic numbers (Fe, Cu, Zn and Se), 88% of the results were classified as fully compliant. Some discrepancies between the laboratories were found for lighter elements (P, S, K and Ca). However, also in this case, the obtained results fulfilled the requirements of full (the results from three laboratories were in agreement) or partial agreement (the results from two laboratories were in agreement).
Association between serum heavy metal levels and diabetic retinopathy in NHANES 2011–2020
Authors: Zhang Yan , Liu Xuekui , Zhang Xia , Li Lin , Li Qing , Geng Houfa , Shi Li , Wang Ben , Qiu Qinqin , Yu Tianpei , Sang Yiquan , Wang Liying , Liang Jun , Xu Wei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe present study utilized the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database to examine the relationship between serum levels of heavy metals and Diabetic retinopathy (DR) in individuals aged over 30 years with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the United States. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted on 1583 individuals with T2DM from the NHANES 2011–2020, including 331 individuals in the DR group and 1252 individuals in the non-DR group. We collected data on serum levels of heavy metals, DR, and serum albumin for descriptive statistics, linear regression, and logistical regression analysis. After adjusting for age, gender, race and other factors, there was no statistically significant association between blood cadmium, selenium, mercury, or lead and DR. However, serum manganese (Mn) and DR had a significant negative association (β = − 0.2045, 95% CI = − 0.3484, − 0.0606). Serum albumin partially modulated the indirect influence of serum Mn on the incidence of DR, accounting for 12.80% of the association between serum Mn and DR. There was a negative association between serum Mn levels and the prevalence of DR in people with T2DM. Mn intake at least in this study has a little influence on the onset and development of DR.
Synthesis of mono Cytochrome P450 in a modified CHO-CPR cell-free protein production platform
Authors: Knauer Jan Felix , Schulz Christian , Zemella Anne , Wüstenhagen Doreen A. , Walter Ruben Magnus , Küpper Jan-Heiner , Kubick Stefan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCytochromes P450 (CYPs) are a group of monooxygenases that can be found in almost all kinds of organisms. For CYPs to receive electrons from co-substrate NADPH, the activity of NADPH-Cytochrome-P450-oxidoreductase (CPR) is required as well. In humans, CYPs are an integral part of liver-based phase-1 biotransformation, which is essential for the metabolization of multiple xenobiotics and drugs. Consequently, CYPs are important players during drug development and therefore these enzymes are implemented in diverse screening applications. For these applications it is usually advantageous to use mono CYP microsomes containing only the CYP of interest. The generation of mono-CYP containing mammalian cells and vesicles is difficult since endogenous CYPs are present in many cell types that contain the necessary co-factors. By obtaining translationally active lysates from a modified CHO-CPR cell line, it is now possible to generate mono CYPs in a cell-free protein synthesis process in a straightforward manner. As a proof of principle, the synthesis of active human CYPs from three different CYP450 gene families (CYP1A2, CYP2B6 and CYP3A4), which are of outstanding interest in industry and academia was demonstrated. Luciferase based activity assays confirm the activity of the produced CYPs and enable the individual adaptation of the synthesis process for efficient cell-free enzyme production. Furthermore, they allow for substrate and inhibitor screenings not only for wild-type CYPs but also for mutants and further CYP isoforms and variants. As an example, the turnover of selected CYP substrates by cell-free synthesized CYPs was demonstrated via an indirect luciferase assay-based screening setup.
Trpv4-mediated apoptosis of Leydig cells induced by high temperature regulates sperm development and motility in zebrafish
Authors: Yamamoto Yasuhiro , Hishikawa Daisuke , Ono Fumihito 
Published: January 2024

AbstractExposure of testes to high-temperature environment results in defective spermatogenesis. Zebrafish exposed to high temperature exhibited apoptosis not only in germ cells but also in Leydig cells, as expected from studies using mice or salmon. However, the role of testicular somatic cells in spermatogenesis defects remains unclear. We found that in Leydig cells the Trpv4 gene encoding the temperature sensitive ion channel was specifically upregulated in high temperature. High temperature also reduced hormone synthesis in Leydig cells and led to a prompt downregulation of sperm motility. In the Trpv4 null mutant, neither Leydig cell-specific apoptosis nor decreased sperm motility was observed under high temperature. These results indicate that Leydig cell specific-apoptosis is induced via Trpv4 by high temperature. Notably this Trpv4-dependent mechanism was specific to Leydig cells and did not operate in germ cells. Because sperm exposed to high temperature exhibited compromised genome stability, we propose that temperature sensing leading to apoptosis in Leydig cells evolved to actively suppress generation of offspring with unstable genome.
Compromise or choose: shared movement decisions in wild vulturine guineafowl
Authors: Papageorgiou Danai , Nyaguthii Brendah , Farine Damien R. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractShared-decision making is beneficial for the maintenance of group-living. However, little is known about whether consensus decision-making follows similar processes across different species. Addressing this question requires robust quantification of how individuals move relative to each other. Here we use high-resolution GPS-tracking of two vulturine guineafowl (Acryllium vulturinum) groups to test the predictions from a classic theoretical model of collective motion. We show that, in both groups, all individuals can successfully initiate directional movements, although males are more likely to be followed than females. When multiple group members initiate simultaneously, follower decisions depend on directional agreement, with followers compromising directions if the difference between them is small or choosing the majority direction if the difference is large. By aligning with model predictions and replicating the findings of a previous field study on olive baboons (Papio anubis), our results suggest that a common process governs collective decision-making in moving animal groups.
Magnetic fluid film enables almost complete drag reduction across laminar and turbulent flow regimes
Authors: Stancanelli Laura Maria , Secchi Eleonora , Holzner Markus 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn the race to curb energy and oil consumption, zeroing of wall frictional forces is highly desirable. The turbulent skin friction drag at the solid/liquid interface is responsible for substantial energy losses when conveying liquids through hydraulic networks, contributing approximately 10% to the global electric energy consumption. Despite extensive research, efficient drag reduction strategies effectively applicable in different flow regimes are still unavailable. Here, we use a wall-attached magnetic fluid film to achieve a wall drag reduction of up to 90% in channel flow. Using optical measurements supported by modelling, we find that the strong damping of wall friction emerges from the co-existence of slip and waviness at the coating interface, and the latter is a key factor to obtain almost complete wall drag reduction across laminar and turbulent flow regimes. Our magnetic fluid film is promising and ready to be applied in energy-saving and antifouling strategies in fluid transport and medical devices.
Multi-resolution partial differential equations preserved learning framework for spatiotemporal dynamics
Authors: Liu Xin-Yang , Zhu Min , Lu Lu , Sun Hao , Wang Jian-Xun 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTraditional data-driven deep learning models often struggle with high training costs, error accumulation, and poor generalizability in complex physical processes. Physics-informed deep learning (PiDL) addresses these challenges by incorporating physical principles into the model. Most PiDL approaches regularize training by embedding governing equations into the loss function, yet this depends heavily on extensive hyperparameter tuning to weigh each loss term. To this end, we propose to leverage physics prior knowledge by “baking” the discretized governing equations into the neural network architecture via the connection between the partial differential equations (PDE) operators and network structures, resulting in a PDE-preserved neural network (PPNN). This method, embedding discretized PDEs through convolutional residual networks in a multi-resolution setting, largely improves the generalizability and long-term prediction accuracy, outperforming conventional black-box models. The effectiveness and merit of the proposed methods have been demonstrated across various spatiotemporal dynamical systems governed by spatiotemporal PDEs, including reaction-diffusion, Burgers’, and Navier-Stokes equations.
Optimising digital signal processor‐based defect detection in smart manufacturing with lightweight convolutional neural networks
Authors: Yue Han , Wang Rucen , Gao Yi , Xia Ailing , Su Kaikai , Zhang Jianhua 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIndustrial defect detection is an important part of intelligent manufacturing, and Internet of things (IoT)‐based defect detection is receiving more and more attention. Although deep learning (DL) can help defect detection reduce the cost and improve the accuracy of traditional manual quality inspection, DL requires huge computational resources and is difficult to be simply deployed on IoT devices with limited computational power and memory resources. Digital signal processor (DSP) is an important IoT device with small size, high performance and low energy consumption, which has been widely used in intelligent manufacturing. In order to perform accurate defect detection on DSP, the authors proposed various optimisation strategies and then used a parallel scheme to scale the model to execute on multiple cores. The authors’ method evaluated it on Northeastern University Surface Defect Dataset, Magnetic Tile Defect Dataset, Rail Surface Defect Dataset and Silk Cylinder Defect Dataset, and the experimental results showed that the authors’ method obtains faster speeds without accuracy loss compared to running the same Convolutional Neural Networks model on a mainstream desktop CPU. This means that the authors’ method can realise efficient and accurate defect detection on IoT devices with limited computational power and memory resources, which opens up new possibilities for future development in the field of smart manufacturing.
A task‐driven sampling method based on graph convolution for 3D point cloud compression
Authors: Yang Yakun , Wang Anhong , Bu Donghan , Jing Hao 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe previous point cloud compression methods only consider reducing the amount of data. However, in applications such as autonomous driving, the compression methods not only require smooth transmission, but also ensure the efficiency of downstream tasks. To this end, a task‐driven sampling network based on graph convolution is proposed to achieve point cloud compression and recovery. First, a downsampling network is presented to simplify and compress the point cloud, in order to optimize the compressed point cloud for downstream tasks, the task loss is added to loss function for end‐to‐end training. Then, an upsampling network with residual correction unit is presented to recover and reconstruct the point cloud. Experiments for point cloud classification task on ModelNet40 dataset show that the compressed point cloud obtained through our network can achieve higher classification accuracy compared to other similar methods, and the reconstructed point cloud can further improve classification accuracy.
Far field radiated emissions prediction of a flyback adapter with curved cables utilizing electromagnetic simulation method
Authors: He Junping , Wang Cong , Wang Weixin , Shu Junhua , Cao Lingling 
Published: January 2024

AbstractRadiated emissions (RE) testing has long been a challenge in the development of a switched mode power supply (SMPS) with respect to electromagnetic compatibility performance. Accurate far‐field RE prediction can effectively help SMPS designers reveal and understand the mechanisms of radiation generation, and reasonably suppress it. In this paper, a model for predicting the radiation from a single excitation source and a parasitic radiator for a flyback adapter are proposed after analysing the common mode voltage and current paths. Then, novel methods are proposed to predict the far‐field RE of the flyback adapter based on measurements and electromagnetic simulations. Using these methods, the 10‐m far‐field radiation of the flyback adapter under the curved cables layout is accurately predicted and verified by experiments. Then, the characteristics and influencing factors of the radiation are analysed, including the far‐field patterns, the load volume, and the sag degree of the output cable. Finally, a suppression design of the capacitor‐inductor (CL) notch filter is designed for the frequency points that are above the standard limits, and the RE are reduced to less than 30 dBµV/m from 30 to 300 MHz. The research methods proposed in this paper have good reference significance for radiation analysis and prediction of power electronic devices.
The Prince and the Pauper: Evidence for the early high-redshift formation of the Galactic α-poor disc population
Authors: Gent Matthew Raymond , Eitner Philipp , Serenelli Aldo , Friske Jennifer K. S. , Koposov Sergey E. , Laporte Chervin F. P. , Buck Tobias , Bergemann Maria 
Published: January 2024

Context. The presence of [α/Fe]–[Fe/H] bi-modality in the Milky Way disc has intrigued the Galactic archaeology community over more than two decades.
Aims. Our goal is to investigate the chemical, temporal, and kinematical structure of the Galactic discs using abundances, kinematics, and ages derived self-consistently with the new Bayesian framework SAPP.
Methods. We employed the public Gaia-ESO spectra, as well as Gaia EDR3 astrometry and photometry. Stellar parameters and chemical abundances are determined for 13 426 stars using NLTE models of synthetic spectra. Ages were derived for a sub-sample of 2898 stars, including subgiants and main-sequence stars. The sample probes a large range of Galactocentric radii, ∼3 to 12 kpc, and extends out of the disc plane to ±2 kpc.
Results. Our new data confirm the known bi-modality in the [Fe/H]–[α/Fe] space, which is often viewed as the manifestation of the chemical thin and thick discs. The over-densities significantly overlap in metallicity, age, and kinematics and none of them offer a sufficient criterion for distinguishing between the two disc populations. In contrast to previous studies, we find that the α-poor disc population has a very extended [Fe/H] distribution and contains ∼20% old stars with ages of up to ∼11 Gyr.
Conclusions. Our results suggest that the Galactic thin disc was in place early, at lookback times corresponding to redshifts of z ∼ 2 or more. At ages of ∼9 to 11 Gyr, the two disc structures shared a period of co-evolution. Our data can be understood within the clumpy disc formation scenario that does not require a pre-existing thick disc to initiate the formation of the thin disc. We anticipate that a similar evolution can be realised in cosmological simulations of galaxy formation.
Heart Rate Variability as a Prognostic Tool for Gastroschisis Infants in the Neonatal Intensive Critical Unit
Authors: Moneme Chioma , Kausch Sherry L. , Belmonte Briana M. , Fleming II Mark A. , Levin Daniel E. , Sullivan Brynne A. 
Published: January 2024

Objective Gastroschisis is the most common congenital abdominal wall defect, with an increasing incidence. It results in extrusion of abdominal contents with associated delayed intestinal motility. Abnormal heart rate characteristics (HRCs) such as decreased variability occur due to the inflammatory response to sepsis in preterm infants. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that infants with gastroschisis have decreased heart rate variability (HRV) after birth and that this physiomarker may predict outcomes.
Study Design We analyzed heart rate data from and clinical variables for all infants admitted with gastroschisis from 2009 to 2020.
Results Forty-seven infants were admitted during the study period and had available data. Complex gastroschisis infants had reduced HRV after birth. For those with sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis, abnormal HRCs occurred early in the course of illness.
Conclusion Decreased HRV was associated with complex gastroschisis. Infants in this group experienced complications that prolonged time to full enteral feeding and time on total parenteral nutrition.
Key Points