bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of a Photoaffinity-labeling Analog of Alternariolide (AM-toxin I), a Host-specific Phytotoxin
Authors: Hashimoto Kimiko , Yoshioka Takuya , Morita Chikanori , Sakai Mitsuru , Okuno Toshikatsu , Shirahama Haruhisa 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
A photoaffinity-labeling analog of alternariolide (AM-toxin I) which contains L-2-amino-5-[4-(1-azi-2,2,2-trifluoro)ethylphenyl]pentanoic acid (10) was synthesized.
Chemical Modification of Curdlan to Induce an Interaction with Poly(C)
Authors: Koumoto Kazuya , Kimura Taro , Kobayashi Hideki , Sakurai Kazuo , Shinkai Seiji 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
The molecular weight of the commercially available curdlan is over 106, which makes it difficult to bind to polynucleotides. This paper presents a chain-scission reaction of curdlan and the molecular weight dependence of the binding ability. We found that curdlan can bind to poly(C) when the molecular weight is less than about 105. However, the complex stability is still less than that of the single chain of schizophyllan.
Causes of electrical deaths and injuries among construction workers
Authors: McCann Michael , Hunting Katherine L. , Murawski Judith , Chowdhury Risana , Welch Laura 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackgroundContact with electrical current is the fourth leading cause of deaths of construction workers. This study evaluates electrical deaths and injuries to construction workers.MethodsTwo sources of data were analyzed in detail: (1) 1,019 electrical deaths identified by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries (CFOI) for the years 1992–1998; and (2) 61 electrical injuries identified between November 1, 1990 and December 31, 1998 from a George Washington University Emergency Department injury surveillance database.ResultsContact with “live” electrical wiring, equipment, and light fixtures was the main cause of electrical deaths and injuries among electrical workers, followed by contact with overhead power lines. Among non‐electrical workers, contact with overhead power lines was the major cause of death. Other causes included contact with energized metal objects, machinery, power tools, and portable lights. Arc flash or blast caused 31% of electrical injuries among construction workers, but less than 2% of electrical deaths.ConclusionAdoption of a lockout/tagout standard for construction, and training for non‐electrical workers in basic electrical safety would reduce the risk of electrical deaths and injuries in construction. Further research is needed on ways to prevent electrical deaths and injuries while working “live”. Am. J. Ind. Med. 43:398–406, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Apricot sulfurization: An occupation that induces an asthma‐like syndrome in agricultural environments
Authors: Koksal Nurhan , Hasanoglu Hatice Canan , Gokirmak Munire , Yildirim Zeki , Gultek Ahmet 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackgroundSeveral cases of bronchial asthma have been presenting with acute attacks during the seasons of apricot sulfurization. The aim of this study was to reveal the effects of sulfur dioxide (SO2) exposure on the airways of the workers involved in this process.MethodsSO2 levels in air were measured on 15 apricot farms, while the symptom scores of 69 workers were recorded before, during, and after SO2 exposure. Physical examination and pulmonary function tests (PFT) of the workers were also done prior to and after exposure periods.ResultsThe measured SO2 concentrations ranged between 106.6 and 721.0 ppm. Dyspnea (80%), cough (78%), and eye and nose irritation (83–70%) were the most commonly observed symptoms. The workers had significant decreases in pulmonary functions after SO2 exposure. Decrements in FEV1, FEV1/FVC%, and FEF25–75% showed that the acute effect of SO2 on pulmonary functions of the workers was mostly of obstructive pattern.ConclusionsAcute exposure to SO2 induces “asthma‐like syndrome” (ALS) in apricot sulfurization workers. SO2 which has not been previously reported in agricultural environments as a cause of ALS may be considered as a new agent. Am. J. Ind. Med. 43:447–453, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cover Picture: Multisite Catalysis: A Mechanistic Study of β‐Lactone Synthesis from Epoxides and CO—Insights into a Difficult Case of Homogeneous Catalysis (Chem. Eur. J. 6/2003)
Authors: Molnar Ferenc , Luinstra Gerrit A. , Allmendinger Markus , Rieger Bernhard 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe cover picture shows the molecular structure of the complex formed by Al(O‐iPr)3 (acts as Lewis acid), β‐propiolactone, and the [Co(CO)4]− anion (aluminium: pink; carbon: grey; cobalt: blue; hydrogen: white; oxygen: red). This structure corresponds to the product complex in the formation of β‐lactones from epoxides and carbon monoxide (schematically shown in the upper right hand corner). Carbonylation of epoxides by using a combination of Lewis acids and cobalt carbonyls was studied both by theoretical and experimental methods. Only the concerted interaction of a Lewis acid and a nucleophile (multisite catalysis) opens a low‐energy pathway for trans opening of oxirane rings. For more details see the article by F. Molnar, B. Rieger et al. on p. 1273 ff.
Intramolecular Opening of β‐Lactams with Amines as a Strategy Toward Enzymatically or Photochemically Triggered Activation of Lactenediyne Prodrugs
Authors: Banfi Luca , Guanti Giuseppe , Rasparini Marcello 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIn order to develop a general strategy for selective activation of designed enediyne prodrugs belonging to the “lactenediyne” family, we studied the scope of intramolecular transamidation of simple monocyclic β‐lactams bearing a tethered amine. The effect of substituents, of reaction media, and of the type of tether, on the rate of transamidation is disclosed. The possibility of triggering the transamidation event under mild conditions by the action of suitable enzymes or UV light was demonstrated on model monocyclic β‐lactams. Finally, the strategy of intramolecular opening of the β‐lactam leading to a larger seven‐membered ring was employed on a lactenediyne, demonstrating that ring enlargement could unleash the reactivity of the enediyne moiety. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Immunohistochemical localization of S100‐like protein in non‐mammalian kidney
Authors: De Girolamo Paolo , Arcamone Nadia , Pelagalli Gaetano Vincenzo , Gargiulo Giuliana 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe immunolocalization of S100‐like protein was investigated in the kidney of saltwater fishes (Dicentrarchus labrax; Coris julis; Serranus cabrilla; Scorpaena porcus), amphibia (Rana aesculenta), reptiles (Lacerta viridis), and aves (Gallus domesticus; Strutio camelus). S100‐like immunoreactivity was detected in the juxtaglomerular cells of all saltwater fishes studied. No immunoreactivity was observed in other tracts of the nephron or in the interstitial tissue. In frog kidney, S100‐like immunoreactive cells were localized in the proximal tubule, singly distributed or placed side by side in clusters of two or three cells. S100‐like immunoreactive cells were distributed in the distal and in the collecting tubules in lizard, chicken, and ostrich kidney. In the distal tubule of lizard kidney, S100‐like immunoreactive cells were numerous and uniformly distributed. In lizard collecting tubules, S100‐like immunoreactive cells showed less intense immunoreactivity than in the distal tubule, except for a cluster of cells at the junction with the initial collecting duct. In chicken and ostrich kidney, S100‐like immunoreactive cells of the distal tubules were closely packed together. In the collecting tubules, S100‐like immunoreactive cells were alternate to negative cells. These results indicate the high conservation degree of S100 proteins through phylogenesis and suggest a functional role for these proteins in the vertebrate kidney. Microsc. Res. Tech. 60:652–657, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mass spectrometric studies of 2‐aryl‐5‐acetylthiazole derivatives
Authors: Giorgi Gianluca , Salvini Laura , Attanasi Orazio A. , Guidi Barbara , Santeusanio Stefania 
Published: March 2003

AbstractElectron ionisation mass spectrometry was usefully used to characterize structurally 2‐aryl‐5‐acetylthiazole derivatives in the gas phase. The compounds show characteristic fragmentation pathways depending on the chemical nature of the substituent at position 2, consisting mainly in the cleavage of both the 1,2‐ and 3,4‐bonds of the thiazole ring. Liquid secondary ion mass spectrometry was applied to study the effects of protonation on the gas‐phase unimolecular reactions of this class of compound. Tandem mass spectrometric experiments, carried out on molecular and protonated molecular ions, and also on fragment ions produced in the source, allowed the elucidation of gas‐phase decompositions of low‐internal energy ions. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation of Poly(1,3,4‐oxadiazole‐2,5‐diyl‐1,2‐vinylene) via Anionic Mechanism
Authors: Zhang Ruifeng , Jordan Rainer , Nuyken Oskar 
Published: March 2003

Abstract2,5‐Bis(chloromethyl)‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole was synthesized and dehydrohalogenation of this model compound was investigated under various base conditions. The formation of an intermediate with quinodimethane‐type structure is suggested for reaction in EtONa/EtOH. Polymerization of this intermediate proceeds via an anionic mechanism to form poly(1,3,4‐oxadiazole‐2,5‐diyl‐1,2‐vinylene). Polymerization at a toluene/water interface results in shorter polymerization times, milder conditions, higher molecular weights, higher yields and fewer defects in the polymer as compared to the corresponding polycondensation route.magnified image
Lp error estimates and superconvergence for covolume or finite volume element methods
Authors: Chou So‐Hsiang , Kwak Do Y. , Li Qian 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe consider convergence of the covolume or finite volume element solution to linear elliptic and parabolic problems. Error estimates and superconvergence results in the Lp norm, 2 ≤ p ≤ ∞, are derived. We also show second‐order convergence in the Lp norm between the covolume and the corresponding finite element solutions and between their gradients. The main tools used in this article are an extension of the “supercloseness” results in Chou and Li [Math Comp 69(229) (2000), 103–120] to the Lp based spaces, duality arguments, and the discrete Green's function method. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 19: 463–486, 2003
Self-Formation and Anisotropic Electrical Conduction of Polypyrrole-Microtubes
Authors: Yan Hu , Ishida Tomoko , Toshima Naoki 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Spontaneous appearance of polypyrrole microtubes was first observed during the electrochemical polymerization of pyrrole in water using sodium p-toluenesulfonate as a supporting salt. Almost amorphous microtube showed high electrical conductivity (σ = 498 S cm−1) along an axis of the tube. The tube also revealed extremely high anisotropy in the electrical conductivity. The ratios of the conductivity parallel to the axis (σ) to that perpendicular to the axis in plane (σ′) and to that across the plane (σ″) are as high as 103 (σ/σ′) and 105 (σ/σ″), respectively.
Oxazolylfulgides as Yellow Photochromic Dyes
Authors: Matsushima Ryoka , Morikane Hiroyuki , Kohno Yoshiumi 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
A series of substituted oxazolylfulgides have been prepared as photochromic compounds which color in the yellow region on irradiation with UV light. Some of them exhibit favorable features as photochromic yellow dyes in polymer film with fairly good photochemical reversibility, coloration quantum yields, and thermal stability.
Enantioselective Aziridination and Amination Using p-Toluenesulfonyl Azide in the Presence of Ru(salen)(CO) Complex
Authors: Omura Kazufumi , Murakami Masakazu , Uchida Tatsuya , Irie Ryo , Katsuki Tsutomu 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
(R,R)-Ru(salen)(CO) complex (1) was found to catalyze enantioselective aziridination of conjugated terminal olefins and allylic C–H amination of conjugated olefins bearing geminal- and/or trans-substituent(s) in the presence of p-toluenesulfonyl azide.
Progression of dopaminergic hypofunction in striatal subregions in Parkinson's disease using [18F]CFT PET
Authors: Nurmi Elina , Bergman Jörgen , Eskola Olli , Solin Olof , Vahlberg Tero , Sonninen Pirkko , Rinne Juha O. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the progression of dopaminergic hypofunction in striatal subregions in Parkinson's disease (PD). We studied 12 patients with early PD and 11 healthy controls with a dopamine transporter ligand 2β‐carbomethoxy‐3β‐(4‐[18F]‐fluorophenyl)tropane ([18F]CFT) positron emission tomography (PET). The PET scan was carried out twice with an average interval of 2.2 years. The regions of interest (anterior and posterior putamen, caudate nucleus, and cerebellum) were drawn on individual magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images, matched with the PET images, and copied onto the PET images. At the first PET scan in PD patients, the [18F]CFT uptake in the anterior putamen was 1.92 ± 0.67, which was 45% of the control mean, and in the posterior putamen 1.02 ± 0.55, being only 27% of the control mean. For the caudate nucleus the corresponding figure was 2.55 ± 0.58 (71% of the control mean). The uptake ratios had declined significantly by the time of the second PET scan and the absolute annual rate of decline of the tracer uptake was 0.23 ± 0.14 (P < 0.001) in the anterior putamen, 0.13 ± 0.13 (P = 0.005) in the posterior putamen, and 0.20 ± 0.15 (P < 0.001) in the caudate nucleus. There was a statistically significant difference of the decline in the tracer uptake between the anterior and posterior putamen (P = 0.033). When the rate of progression was calculated compared to the normal control mean, the rate of annual decline was 5.3% in the anterior putamen, 3.3% in the posterior putamen, and 5.6% in the caudate nucleus, without significant changes among striatal subregions (P = 0.10). When ipsi‐ and contralateral sides were analyzed separately, the absolute decline of [18F]CFT uptake in the putamen was higher in the side ipsilateral to the predominant symptoms than in the contralateral side (P = 0.035 for anterior putamen and P = 0.026 for posterior putamen). In the caudate nucleus the absolute decline was not different between ipsi‐ and contralateral sides (P = 0.76). In healthy controls, no significant decline of [18F]CFT uptake was detected. The results are suggestive of slower progression in the posterior putamen, where the disease is more advanced, but studies to follow up the same patient at several time points are needed to resolve this question. Synapse 48:109–115, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis and Structural Characterization of the New Dioxygen Complexes of Molybdenum (IV)
Authors: Zhou Da-Yang , Zhang Li-Bin , Minato Makoto , Ito Takashi , Osakada Kohtaro 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
The molybdenum trihydrido complexes, [MoH3{[Ph2PCH2CH2P(Ph)C6H4-o]2(Ar)Si-P,P,P,P,Si}], which were readily formed by the thermal reaction of [MoH4(Ph2PCH2CH2PPh2)2] with arylsilanes, reacted with molecular dioxygen to give the unprecedented molybdenum(IV) peroxo type η2-O2 complexes, [MoH{[Ph2PCH2CH2P(Ph)C6H4-o]2(Ar)Si-P,P,P,P,Si)}(η2-O2)], the structure of which were studied spectroscopically as well as X-ray crystallographically.
Measurement of External Reflection Spectra of Protonated Tetraphenylporphyrin Adsorbed at Liquid-Liquid Interface
Authors: Moriya Yoshio , Ogawa Nobuaki , Kumabe Tomokazu , Watarai Hitoshi 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
External reflection UV-vis spectra of the interfacially adsorbed species of protonated tetraphenylporphyrin at toluene/aqueous sulfuric acid interface were successfully observed with clear negative absorption bands and without overlapping by the spectrum of the organic phase.
Simultaneous Control of Regio- and Stereochemistries in the Reaction between α-Alkoxyaldehydes and Pentadienyltin. Selective Preparations of the Four Regio- and Diastereoisomers
Authors: Nishigaichi Yutaka , Hanano Yasushi , Takuwa Akio 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
In the reaction between α-alkoxyaldehydes and pentadienyltin. each of the possible four regio- and stereoisomers, syn-γ-, anti-γ-, syn-ε-, and anti-ε-adducts, was selectively synthesized by the use of an appropriate combination of alkoxyl groups, Lewis acids, and solvents applied.
Controlled Association of Hydrophobized Polysaccharide by Cyclodextrin
Authors: Akiyoshi Kazunari , Sasaki Yoshihiro , Kuroda Kenichi , Sunamoto Junzo 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
The self-aggregate of cholesterol-bearing pullulan (CHP) dissociated by complexation with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) to yield a dis-aggregated CHP-CD complex, in which the cholesteryl group was a suitable guest to β-CD. The monodisperse nanoparticles of the CHP self-aggregate were regenerated by addition of 1-adamantancarboxylic acid (ADC), which is the better guest molecule to β-CD than cholesterol. CD regulated the association and dissociation of hydrophobized polysaccharides in water.
Optimization of Sc3+ Ion Conduction in NASICON Type Solid Electrolytes
Authors: Tamura Shinji , Imanaka Nobuhito , Adachi Gin-ya 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Various types of trivalent Sc3+ cation conducting solid electrolytes of the (Sc1−xAlx)1/3Zr2(PO4)3 (0≤x≤0.6), the Sc1/3(Zr1−yHfy)2(PO4)3 (0≤y≤1) and the (Sc0.8Y0.2)1/3Zr2(PO4)3 solid solutions were prepared and the Sc3+ ion conducting properties were compared. The optimum Sc3+ ion conductivity in NASICON type solid electrolytes was successfully obtained for the (Sc0.8Al0.2)1/3Zr2(PO4)3 and the Sc1/3(Zr0.8Hf0.2)2(PO4)3 solids, holding almost the equivalent NASICON crystal lattice size, and the optimization of the Sc3+ ion conduction in NASICON structure was realized.
Solvent Extraction of Some Metal Ions with Lipophilic Chitosan Chemically Modified with Functional Groups of Dithiocarbamate
Authors: Inoue Katsutoshi , Yoshizuka Kazuharu , Ohto Keisuke , Nakagawa Hirofumi 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
O,O′-Didecanoylchitosan chemically modified with functional groups of dithiocarbamate was prepared. The extent of the immobilization of the functional groups onto unit glucosamine unit of chitosan was 96%. It was soluble not only in chloroform and toluene but also in hexane and kerosene. Its solvent extraction behaviors for some base metal ions were examined. The order of the selectivity to these metal ions was found to be as follows: Cu(II)&gt;&gt;Ni(II)&gt;&gt;Fe(III)&gt;Co(II)&gt;Zn(II). The high selectivity to copper and nickel over iron is noteworthy.
New Metallocene Catalyst Having an Indenyl Group and a Fluorenyl Group for Ethylene–Polar Monomer Copolymerization
Authors: Imuta Jun-ichi , Toda Yoshihisa , Kashiwa Norio 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
New stereorigid bridged zirconocene having an indenyl group and a fluorenyl group as ligand was synthesized and investigated as an ethylene/1-hydroxy-10-undecene copolymerization catalyst. This catalyst using MAO as a cocatalyst promoted polymerization to produce copolymers having high molecular weight (Mw:121000) and high polar monomer content (36.7 mol%), displaying higher polymerization activities at higher temperature.
Reaction of 3,4-Di-t-butylthiophene 1-Oxide with 2-Methylene-1,3-dimethylimidazolidine: Methylene Transfer and [4+4] Dimerization
Authors: Nakayama Juzo , Takayama Jun , Sugihara Yoshiaki , Ishii Akihiko 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
The reaction of 3,4-di-t-butylthiophene 1-oxide (1) with 2-methylene-1,3-dimethylimidazolidine (2) gave 4,4a-di(t-butyl)-1a,4a-dihydro-1H-cyclopropa[b]thiophene and 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone through a methylene transfer from 2 to 1, in addition to a [4+4] cyclodimerization product of 1.
Catalytic Oxidation of Various Alcohols to the Corresponding Carbonyl Compounds with N-Chlorosuccinimide Using a Catalytic Amount of Sulfenamide
Authors: Mukaiyama Teruaki , Matsuo Jun-ichi , Iida Daisuke , Kitagawa Hideo 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Various primary and secondary alcohols were smoothly oxidized to the corresponding carbonyl compounds with N-chlorosuccinimide by using a catalytic amount of N-tert-butylbenzenesulfenamide (1) in the co-existence of potassium carbonate and molecular sieves 4A.
Study of Initial Adsorption Process of Hemoglobin to Glass Surface by Using Time-Resolved Slab Optical Waveguide(SOWG) Spectroscopy
Authors: Yoshida Takamitsu , Asano Hajime , Santos Jose H , Qi Zhi-Mei , Sun Li-Xian , Takatsu Akiko , Kato Kenji , Matsuda Naoki 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
A slab optical waveguide(SOWG) has been used to study the initial adsorption process of hemoglobin on glass surface using time-resolved absorption measurement of the evanescent wave. Absorbance data were taken at 50-ms time interval during the first 12 s after the measurement has started. Results showed that hemoglobin was adsorbed on glass and the data demonstrated excellent agreement with Langmuir-like model.
Preparation of Various Carboxylic Acid Esters from Bulky Alcohols and Carboxylic Acids by a New Type Oxidation-reduction Condensation Using 2,6-Dimethyl-1,4-benzoquinone
Authors: Mukaiyama Teruaki , Kikuchi Wataru , Shintou Taichi 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
A new-type oxidation-reduction condensation by using 2,6-dimethyl-1,4-benzoquinone (DMBQ), carboxylic acids and in situ formed alkoxydiphenylphosphines (1) including the bulky alkoxy group-substituted ones proceeded smoothly to afford the corresponding carboxylic acid esters in good to high yields. Alkoxydiphenylphosphines were formed in situ by treating either N,N-dimethylaminodiphenylphosphine (Ph2PNMe2) with primary or secondary alcohols or chlorodiphenylphosphine with the lithium salts of primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols.
Intramolecular Fluorescent Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) by BODIPY Chemical Modification of Cysteine-engineered Mutants of Green Fluorescent Protein
Authors: Suzuki Miho , Ito Yoichiro , Savage Hannah Elizabeth , Husimi Yuzuru , Douglas Kenneth T 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Green Fluorescent Proteins (GFP) bearing an intramolecular BODIPY fluorophore partner were designed by molecular modeling based on GFP’s three-dimensional structure, and prepared by mutating out native Cys-48 found at the GFP surface (replaced by Ala or Ser) and introducing new specific, surface cysteine residues for chemical modification by a thiol-directed fluorescent BODIPY 507/545 label. This gave derivatives which exhibited strong intramolecular fluorescence resonance energy transfer with quenching of the emission peak of GFP at 508 nm and the appearance of a new FRET emission from the conjugated BODIPY 507/545 around 530 nm.
Preparation and Thermal Dehydration of N-(Carboxy)acyl Chitosan Derivatives with High Stereoregularity
Authors: Satoh Taku , Vladimirov Leonid , Johmen Masayoshi , Sakairi Nobuo 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Complete N-acylation of chitosan has been achieved by treating with cyclic acid anhydrides in aqueous homogeneous media at pH 4 to 8. Some of the resulting N-(carboxy)acyl chitosans were successfully converted into the corresponding imido forms by thermal dehydration.
A Mild Solution Route to Bismuth Selenoiodide Rod-like Crystals
Authors: Zhu Liying , Zheng Xiuwen , Yin Xing , Liu Xiang , Jia Yunbo , Xie Yi 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Bismuth selenoiodide (BiSeI) millimeter-scale rod-like crystals were synthesized for the first time via a mild solution route based on the reactions of BiCl3, Se with NaI or Bi2Se3 with BiI3 in ethanol solvent at 200 °C. A possible growth mechanism of the rod-like BiSeI was proposed.