bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between Banks’ Perception on Bank of Tanzania Regulatory Reviews and Financial Performance: Evidence from selected Commercial Banks in Tanzania
Authors: Majondo Safari , Mataba Lucas , Mmari Goodluck 
Published: December 2023

The Central Bank of Tanzania has undergone various bank regulations reviews at different periods of time such as the one undertaken in 1998, 2008 and 2014. This study, therefore, intended to assess the relationship between banks perception on regulatory requirements reviews decisions and the bank performance. The study employed a cross-sectional design with the target population of 36 commercial banks. A sample of 120 respondents were selected from 24 commercial banks obtained in Dar es Salaam City. Primary data were collected from bank managers while secondary data were collected from audited annual financial statements. Descriptive statistics and correlation analysis were used for data analysis. Findings from the study showed that most banks had high perception regarding new regulations. However, the study noted low perception on the number of quarterly publication days, and on liquidity and cash reserve ratios requirements which seemed to be difficult for most banks to afford. Correlation analysis results showed that the relationship between banks perception on the new regulatory requirements and the financial performance was positive and significant with a high degree of correlation. The study concludes that most banks highly supported the reviews made by the BoT on capital adequacy and information reporting and disclosure requirements. The study recommends that commercial banks need to implement the new capital adequacy requirements and information reporting and disclosure requirements with special attention in order to make banks more profitable. Moreover, the regulator of banks needs to think on reviewing publication days and liquidity requirements.
Influence of Marketing Expenses on the Profitability of the Listed Manufacturing Companies in Tanzania
Authors: Kisyeri Dickson Matiko , Kira Alex Reuben 
Published: December 2023

In recent decades, marketing expenses have been one of the subjects that have taken much attention internationally due to the influence it has on the day-to-day business activities of different business companies. Several studies have been done on the relationship between marketing expenses and business companies’ profitability globally. However, there are limited studies that used DuPont analysis to examine the responding variable (profitability). To bridge this gap, this study examined the influence of marketing expenses on the profitability of listed manufacturing companies in Tanzania guided by the marketing mix theory. The study used an explanatory research design whereby all data for the response variables were collected from the financial reports of the six listed manufacturing companies. This study further used 84 observations or cross-sectionals from a population of six LMCs. Descriptive and correlation analysis and pooled OLS were used for data analysis with a help of EViews. The census as a sampling technique was used to consider all 6 LMCs. The results have indicated that marketing expenses have a negative influence on the profitability explained by DuPont. This implies that if companies want to successfully increase their profitability, then they must relatively reduce their spending on marketing their products.
Influence of Duration of Coopetition on the Profitability of Micro and Small Enterprises: A Case of Tanzania Handicraft Industry
Authors: Mnzava Twazihirwa Tunzo , Raphael Gwahula , Uiso Hawa 
Published: December 2023

The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of the duration of coopetition on the profitability of MSEs in the handicraft industry operating in Arusha, Tanzania. It employed the theories of coopetition and resource dependence as theoretical frameworks. Data collected by survey approach were quantitatively analysed using the moderated Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) model to test the hypotheses. The results demonstrated that the duration of coopetition positively and significantly influenced the MSE’s profitability before and after moderation. The resource interdependence showed a statistically significant moderating influence on strength of the relationship between the duration of coopetition and MSEs’ profitability. The results mean that more profitability is assured if the firms coopete for an extended period and that resource interdependence increases the coopetition propensity of the firms. It is recommended that longitudinal studies be done on the handicraft industry in both urban and rural setting to see if similar results would be obtained with those of cross-sectional studies. In addition, more empirical data from industry-specific MSEs other than handicrafts would substantiate the findings and would add to the coopetition theory's knowledge and understanding.
Empowering Jumantik Cadres: A SWOT Analysis of Dengue Prevention in South Kalimantan Province
Authors: Arifin Syamsul , Birowo Agung , Marlinae Lenie , Khairiyati Laily , Waskito Agung , Rahmat Anugrah Nur , Azizah Ammara Ulfa 
Published: December 2023

This study evaluates home Jumantik cadres in the Mosquito Nest Eradication (PSN) program in Martapura 1 Health Center, Banjar Regency, South Kalimantan, Indonesia, against Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever. Phenomenology approach was used to examine Jumantik cadre tasks and challenges. SWOT analysis and interviews highlighted Jumantik's performance drivers. Despite their best efforts, Jumantik cadre struggled because to inadequate resources, knowledge gaps, and the necessity to multitask. Recognition and motivation were community strengths, while financing and knowledge were weaknesses. Health rules presented opportunities but also risks owing to unequal direction and low community participation. Improving Jumantik cadre planning and training, boosting cadre numbers, and incorporating community leaders are strategic recommendations. These difficulties must be addressed and opportunities taken to improve household Jumantik's DHF prevention. This research improves PSN programs and emphasizes community involvement in DHF prevention.
Research Exposure and Competence of Senior High School Teachers in Relation to Learners’ Performance
Authors: Cua Mayrisa Tejares , Marañon Dioscoro 
Published: December 2023

This study investigated the teachers' research exposure and competence in relation to learners' performance. In this descriptive correlational study, a researcher-made questionnaire on research exposure and competence as well as academic performance of learners in research was used to gather data from sixty senior high school teachers teaching research subjects in the North Negros Subdivision of the Division of Negros Occidental during the School Year 2017-2018. A scoring system was set to give points on every item of the exposure and competence in research while the average grade of the students was used to determine the students’ level of academic performance in research. The z-test, ANOVA, Pearson r, and Multiple Regression Analysis at 5% level of significance were used to analyze the data gathered. The exposure in research of the teachers was at a low level, whereas their competence in research was at a very low level. More to that, the learners’ academic performance was at very satisfactory level. Moreover, there was no significant difference in the level of exposure in research of the senior high school teachers when teachers were grouped and compared according to sex, highest educational attainment, length of service, area of specialization, and position. Also, there were no significant differences in the level of competence in research of the senior high school teachers when these teachers were grouped and compared according to the highest educational attainment, length of service, area of specialization, and position. However, male and female teachers differ significantly in their level of competence in research. Furthermore, teachers' exposure to research could significantly influence their level of competence, but learners' performance in research is not significantly affected by the teachers' exposure and competence in research. Lastly, the exposure and competence in research of teachers do not significantly predict learners' performance. It is recommended that further skills and competency enhancement and training should be conducted to capacitate teachers teaching research subjects.
Perbandingan Kinerja Karyawan Pada Masa Covid-19 dan New Normal di BMT Insan Mulia Kota Palembang
Authors: Onesya Sarwana  , Choiriyah  , Choirunnisak  
Published: December 2023

Penelitian ini membahas mengenai Perbandingan Kinerja Karyawan Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 Dan New Normal di Bmt Insan Mulia Kota Palembang. Adapun rumusan masalah Apakah ada perbedaan kinerja pada karyawan di Baitul Mal Wa Tamwil (BMT) Insan Mulia Palembang yang sangat terlihat pada saat mengayomi nasabah saat pandemic covid-19 dan era new normal. Pada penelitian ini peneliti menggunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan studi komparatif yang bertujuan untuk membandingkan dua variabel atau lebih, untuk mendapatkan jawaban atau fakta apakah ada perbandingan atau tidak dari objek yang sedang diteliti. Pada penelitian ini terdapat tiga variabel yaitu dua variabel independen serta satu variabel dependen, variable independent dalam penelitian ini adakah kinerja karyawan pada masa pandemic covid-19 dan kinerja karyawan pada masa new normal sedangkan variable dependen dalam penelitian ini adalah ada atau tidaknya perbedaan. Alat yang digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data dalam penelitian ini adalah kuesinoer. Skala yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah skala likert, skala ini berinterasi 1-5. Hasil dari penelitian ini akan di perhitungan dengan metode kuantitatif dengan menggunakan uji paired simple t-test. Dari hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa nilai signifikan dari uji paired simple t-test nya adalah 0,000. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan anatara kinerja karyawan pada masa pandemic dan masa new normal.
Repenser les gestes professionnels en contexte de francophonie minoritaire et de diversité ethnolinguistique
Authors: Fleuret Carole 
Published: December 2023

En contexte francophone minoritaire, les enjeux des élèves immigrants restent de taille, compte tenu du contexte sociolinguistique qui prévaut. En effet, la peur tangible de l’assimilation vers l’anglais sclérose la vision d’une francophonie plurielle et laisse peu, voire pas de place aux autres langues et cultures au sein des établissements scolaires. Pourtant, si l’on souhaite inclure et véritablement comprendre les enjeux relatifs de ces élèves, il est nécessaire de penser autrement le rapport à l’Autre afin de limiter les clivages entre les groupes. Ce « penser autrement » passe par des « agirs enseignant », des gestes professionnels qui permettent d’aborder à la fois les capitaux langagier et culturel de l’élève, tout en les amenant à développer le français de scolarisation et qui transcendent les frontières traditionnelles de la didactique des langues pour tendre vers une didactique du plurilinguisme.
Relations entre langue française et langues autochtones : des initiatives éducatives et de recherche pour ébranler les discours et pratiques dans les écoles francophones minoritaires
Authors: Lemaire Eva 
Published: December 2023

Comment amener les écoles francophones en contexte minoritaire à se rapprocher des communautés autochtones locales afin de cheminer ensemble pour mieux éduquer à la réconciliation ? Dans le présent article, nous présentons des pistes de réflexion nées de quatre projets de recherche différents, donnant la parole à la fois aux Ainés, gardiens du savoir et éducateurs autochtones, mais aussi aux enseignants et aux leaders scolaires. Dans cet article, on posera les langues française et autochtones non pas comme obstacles à la réconciliation, mais comme voie toute tracée pour honorer les traités et établir des pratiques plus inclusives envers les peuples autochtones pour ce qui a trait à l’éducation pour la réconciliation.
High-Intensity Gait Training in an Individual With Neuromyelitis Optica and Research Recommendations for Individuals With Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Phelan Rebecca , Potter Kirsten 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND:
Neuromyelitis optica (NMO), similar to multiple sclerosis (MS), is an autoimmune disorder affecting the central nervous system. In people with central nervous system diagnoses, high-intensity gait training (HIGT) can support neuroplasticity, improving functional mobility. While low- to moderate-intensity exercise is beneficial in improving outcomes in individuals with NMO and MS, the impact of HIGT has not been thoroughly explored. This case study explores the safety and efficacy of HIGT in an individual with NMO.

METHODS:
A 43-year-old man with NMO participated in a HIGT program utilizing the least amount of body weight support necessary to achieve a target heart rate of 60% to 80% of heart rate reserve or a Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion score of 15 to 17 during an in-patient rehabilitation stay. Interventions incorporated stair training, gait variances, and virtual reality.

RESULTS:
The patient successfully completed a 90-minute training session 4 to 7 times per week for 6 weeks following a HIGT regimen for 40% to 60% of each session. Meaningful gains in bed mobility, transfers, and gait allowed for discharge to his home.

CONCLUSIONS:
This case suggests that HIGT in patients with NMO can be safe and effective in improving functional mobility. Due to the similarities between NMO and MS, this case provides a framework to assist clinicians in developing a HIGT plan of care for individuals with MS. Additional research is needed to clarify HIGT parameters, including intensity and duration, to improve functional mobility in individuals with MS.
taxalogue: a toolkit to create comprehensive CO1 reference databases
Authors: Noll Niklas W. , Scherber Christoph , Schäffler Livia 
Published: December 2023

Background
Taxonomic identification through DNA barcodes gained considerable traction through the invention of next-generation sequencing and DNA metabarcoding. Metabarcoding allows for the simultaneous identification of thousands of organisms from bulk samples with high taxonomic resolution. However, reliable identifications can only be achieved with comprehensive and curated reference databases. Therefore, custom reference databases are often created to meet the needs of specific research questions. Due to taxonomic inconsistencies, formatting issues, and technical difficulties, building a custom reference database requires tremendous effort. Here, we present taxalogue, an easy-to-use software for creating comprehensive and customized reference databases that provide clean and taxonomically harmonized records. In combination with extensive geographical filtering options, taxalogue opens up new possibilities for generating and testing evolutionary hypotheses.

Methods
taxalogue collects DNA sequences from several online sources and combines them into a reference database. Taxonomic incongruencies between the different data sources can be harmonized according to available taxonomies. Dereplication and various filtering options are available regarding sequence quality or metadata information. taxalogue is implemented in the open-source Ruby programming language, and the source code is available at https://github.com/nwnoll/taxalogue. We benchmark four reference databases by sequence identity against eight queries from different localities and trapping devices. Subsamples from each reference database were used to compare how well another one is covered.

Results
taxalogue produces reference databases with the best coverage at high identities for most tested queries, enabling more accurate, reliable predictions with higher certainty than the other benchmarked reference databases. Additionally, the performance of taxalogue is more consistent while providing good coverage for a variety of habitats, regions, and sampling methods. taxalogue simplifies the creation of reference databases and makes the process reproducible and transparent. Multiple available output formats for commonly used downstream applications facilitate the easy adoption of taxalogue in many different software pipelines. The resulting reference databases improve the taxonomic classification accuracy through high coverage of the query sequences at high identities.
Characterization of trade-offs between immunity and reproduction in the coral species Astrangia poculata
Authors: Villafranca Natalie , Changsut Isabella , Diaz de Villegas Sofia , Womack Haley , Fuess Lauren E. 
Published: December 2023

Background
Living organisms face ubiquitous pathogenic threats and have consequently evolved immune systems to protect against potential invaders. However, many components of the immune system are physiologically costly to maintain and engage, often drawing resources away from other organismal processes such as growth and reproduction. Evidence from a diversity of systems has demonstrated that organisms use complex resource allocation mechanisms to manage competing needs and optimize fitness. However, understanding of resource allocation patterns is limited across taxa. Cnidarians, which include ecologically important organisms like hard corals, have been historically understudied in the context of resource allocations. Improving understanding of resource allocation-associated trade-offs in cnidarians is critical for understanding future ecological dynamics in the face of rapid environmental change.

Methods
Here, we characterize trade-offs between constitutive immunity and reproduction in the facultatively symbiotic coral Astrangia poculata. Male colonies underwent ex situ spawning and sperm density was quantified. We then examined the effects of variable symbiont density and energetic budget on physiological traits, including immune activity and reproductive investment. Furthermore, we tested for potential trade-offs between immune activity and reproductive investment.

Results
We found limited associations between energetic budget and immune metrics; melanin production was significantly positively associated with carbohydrate concentration. However, we failed to document any associations between immunity and reproductive output which would be indicative of trade-offs, possibly due to experimental limitations. Our results provide a preliminary framework for future studies investigating immune trade-offs in cnidarians.
Decision-Making for Hospitalized Incarcerated Patients Lacking Decisional Capacity
Authors: Batbold Sarah , Duke Jennifer D. , Riggan Kirsten A. , DeMartino Erin S. 
Published: December 2023

ImportanceIncarcerated patients admitted to the hospital face threats to their rights to privacy and self-determination in medical decision-making. Little is known about medical decision-making processes for hospitalized incarcerated persons who lack decisional capacity.ObjectiveTo characterize the prevalence of incapacity among hospitalized incarcerated patients and describe the decision-making processes, including who served as surrogate decision-makers, involvement of prison employees in medical decisions, and ethical concerns emerging from the patients’ care.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsRetrospective descriptive and qualitative study of medical records for all patients admitted from prison for at least 24 hours between January 1, 1999, and September 1, 2019, at a large Midwestern academic medical center. Data analysis was performed from March 15, 2021, to December 14, 2022.Main Outcomes and MeasuresPrevalence of prison-to-hospital admissions for patients with a loss of capacity and characteristics of medical decision-making.ResultsDuring the 20-year study period, 462 patients from the prison were admitted to the hospital, totaling 967 unique admissions. Of these, 131 admissions (14%) involved patients with a loss of capacity and 43 admissions (4%, representing 34 unique patients) required surrogate decision-making. Ten of these patients had advance directives. Surrogate decision-makers often faced decisions about end-of-life care (n = 17) or procedural consent (n = 23). A family member was identified as surrogate decision-maker in 23 admissions. In 6 cases with a kindred surrogate, additional consent was requested from a prison employee. In total, prison employees were documented as being present during or participating in major medical decisions for half of the admissions. Five themes emerged from thematic analysis: uncertainty and misinformation about patient rights and the role of prison employees in medical decision-making with respect to these two themes, privacy violations, deference to prison officials, and estrangement from family and friends outside of the prison.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this first in-depth description, to date, of decision-making practices for hospitalized incarcerated patients lacking decisional capacity, admissions of these patients generated uncertainty about their rights, sometimes infringing on patients’ privacy and autonomy. Clinicians will encounter incarcerated patients in both hospital and clinic settings and should receive education on how to support ethically and legally sound decision-making practices for this medically vulnerable population.
Hollow‐Structured and Polyhedron‐Shaped High Entropy Oxide toward Highly Active and Robust Oxygen Evolution Reaction in a Full pH Range
Authors: Miao Kanghua , Jiang Wendan , Chen Zhaoqian , Luo Yan , Xiang Dong , Wang Chaohui , Kang Xiongwu 
Published: December 2023

AbstractHigh entropy metal oxides (HEO) are superior to many reactions involving multi‐step elementary reactions. However, controlled synthesis of hollow‐structured HEO catalysts, which offers large surface area and fast mass transfer kinetics, remains challenging and unexplored due to the complicated metal precursors. Herein, a metal organic framework‐templated synthesis of hollow‐structured and polyhedron‐shaped HEO catalysts assembled with ultra‐small nanoparticles, with up to ten metal elements, can be achieved, by taking advantage of the ion‐exchange method. ZnFeNiCuCoRu‐O HEO catalyst displays excellent activity and ultra‐stability for oxygen evolution reaction in full pH range, with an overpotential of 170 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2, a Tafel slope of 56 mV dec−1, and a decay of activity by 7% in 30 h in alkaline medium, as well as a 12% and 8% decay in acidic and neutral medium, respectively. DFT calculation indicates that the energy barrier of the potential determining step on Ru‐Fe bridge site is significantly lower than any other Ru‐related bridge sites for the unique hollow structured HEO structures. This work highlights the importance of ion‐exchange method in preparing highly stable and active hollow‐structured HEOs catalysts toward highly efficient energy conversion and storage devices.