bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neurological complications of acute and persistent Epstein‐Barr virus infection in paediatric patients
Authors: Häusler Martin , Ramaekers Vincent Thomas , Doenges Martin , Schweizer Klaus , Ritter Klaus , Schaade Lars 
Published: October 2002

AbstractNeurological complications of Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) have been reported almost exclusively in the course of acute primary infections. The role of EBV in paediatric neurological disease was investigated prospectively over a 2‐year period, searching for acute primary, chronic, and reactivated EBV infections. Active EBV infections were diagnosed in 10/48 patients, including two with acute primary EBV infections (cranial neuritis and cerebellitis), one with chronic active infection (T/NK cell lymphoma with cranial neuritis), and seven with reactivated infections. Among these seven patients, three showed “Alice in Wonderland” syndrome, one facial nerve palsy, one progressive macrocephaly, and two prolonged encephalitic illness. The prognosis was good except for the patient with lethal T/NK cell lymphoma and the two girls with encephalitic illness. Despite steroid treatment, these girls suffered prolonged cognitive impairment and epileptic seizures. Both developed left‐sided hippocampal atrophy, and one of them hippocampal sclerosis. Like primary infections, reactivated EBV infections cause neurological complications in a considerable number of paediatric patients, lead to serious long‐term complications, and may contribute to the pathogenesis of hippocampal lesions. J. Med. Virol. 68: 253–263, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Monocyte recruitment and myelin removal are delayed following spinal cord injury in mice with CCR2 chemokine receptor deletion
Authors: Ma Manhong , Wei Tao , Boring Landin , Charo Israel F. , Ransohoff Richard M. , Jakeman Lyn B. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe inflammatory response initiated after spinal cord injury (SCI) is characterized by the accumulation of macrophages at the impact site. Monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1) is a strong candidate for mediating chemotaxis of monocytes to the injured nervous system. To help in defining the role of MCP‐1 in inflammation after SCI, we evaluated the time course of macrophage accumulation for 2 weeks following a midthoracic spinal cord contusion injury in mice lacking CCR2, a principal receptor for MCP‐1. Mice with a deletion of CCR2 resulted in significantly reduced Mac‐1 immunoreactivity restricted to the lesion epicenter at 7 days postinjury. The regions devoid of Mac‐1 immunoreactivity corresponded to areas of reduced myelin degradation at this time. By 14 days postinjury, however, there were no differences in Mac‐1 staining between CCR2 (+/+) and CCR2 (–/–) mice. Analyses of mRNA levels by RNase protection assay (RPA) revealed increases in MCP‐1 as well as MCP‐3 and MIP‐2 mRNA at 1 day postinjury compared with 7 day postinjury. There were no differences in chemokine expression between CCR2‐deficient mice and wild‐type littermate controls. The CCR2‐deficient mice also exhibited reduced expression of mRNA for chemokine receptors CCR1 and CCR5. Together, these results indicate that chemokines acting through CCR2 contribute to the early recruitment of monocytes to the lesion epicenter following SCI. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
S‐adenosyl‐methionine‐induced apoptosis in PC12 cells
Authors: Zhao Wan‐Qian , Williams Zakia , Shepherd Kennie R. , Reuben Jayne S. , Lee Eun‐Sook , Darling‐Reed Selina , Lamango Nazarius , Soliman Karam F.A. , Charlton Clivel G. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractOur previous studies showed that S‐adenosyl‐methionine (SAM) induced Parkinson's disease‐like changes in rat. It caused death to dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra, which appeared shrunken and fragmented, indicative of apoptosis‐like changes (Charlton and Crowell [1995] Mol. Chem. Neuropathol. 26:269–284; Charlton [1997] Life Sci. 61:495–502). In this study, we investigated whether SAM causes apoptosis in both undifferentiated PC12 (PC12) cells and nerve growth factor (NGF)‐differentiated PC12 (D‐PC12) cells. S‐adenosyl‐homocysteine (SAH), the nonmethyl analog of SAM, was also tested. SAM and SAH (1.0 nM to 10.0 μM) caused lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release from the PC12 cells and D‐PC12 cells; cells with morphological changes and fluorescent DNA fragmentation staining were detected among both PC12 cell and D‐PC12 cell. Compared with the PC12 cell, the D‐PC12 cell, a postmitotic cell, was more sensitive to the toxic effects of SAM or SAH and presented much greater LDH release, suggesting a lethal effect; surprisingly, the amounts of apoptotic cells did not differ significantly between the two kinds of cells. In medium deprived of exogenous methionine, a decline in LDH release was observed in PC12 and D‐PC12 cells. Also, lower levels of intracellular SAM and SAH were observed in the methionine‐deleted media, which were reversed by the addition of either SAM or SAH. An antivitamin B12 monoclonal antibody was added to methionine‐depleted medium, resulting in deficiency of both endogenous and exogenous methionine, which caused further decreases in LDH release and reduction in the levels of intracellular SAM and SAH. The preliminary data showed different sensitivities to SAM or SAH between PC12 cell and D‐PC12 cells, which suggests that PC12 cell may be more stable as a metabolic model. Apoptosis of PC12 cells was also assessed by PARP cleavage detection, Western blot analysis of Bax and Bcl‐2 proteins, and DNA laddering on agarose gel electrophoresis. The proapoptoic protein Bax was dominantly expressed, whereas Bcl‐2 was slightly down‐regulated by SAM. SAH weakly induced the expression of Bax and slightly decreased Bcl‐2 levels. The effects of SAM and its analog, SAH, were demonstrated conclusively to induce apoptosis in PC12 cells. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Relative power and influence strategy: the effects of agent/target organizational power on superiors' choices of influence strategies
Authors: Somech Anit , Drach‐Zahavy Anat 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe present study examined superiors' tendency to utilize different top–down influence strategies according to their evaluation of their own power relative to that of their subordinates. Four hundred and fifty‐five subordinates (schoolteachers) from different schools described the extent to which their superiors used each item of the influence strategy questionnaire to influence them, while their immediate superiors evaluated superior's power and subordinate's power. Overall, superiors tended to use soft and rational strategy more often than hard strategy. However, regarding the parameter of relative power, the results indicated that the agent's power, as well as the target's power, affected the superior's choice of particular influence strategy. The results suggest that power should be discussed in relative rather than absolute terms. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Attitudinal organizational commitment and job performance: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Riketta Michael 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA meta‐analysis was conducted to estimate the true correlation between attitudinal organizational commitment and job performance and to identify moderators of this correlation. One‐hundred and eleven samples from 93 published studies were included. The corrected mean correlation was 0.20. The correlation was at least marginally significantly stronger for: (a) extra‐role performance as opposed to in‐role performance; (b) white‐collar workers as opposed to blue‐collar workers; and (c) performance assessed by self ratings as opposed to supervisor ratings or objective indicators. Four other assumed moderators (commitment measure: Affective Commitment Scale versus Organizational Commitment Questionnaire, job level, age, and tenure) did not have at least marginally significant effects. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Age effects on the predictors of technical workers' commitment and willingness to turnover
Authors: Finegold David , Mohrman Susan , Spreitzer Gretchen M. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBuilding commitment and preventing costly turnover of technical employees are key challenges facing organizations today. We examine whether the elements of the employment relationship that predict commitment and willingness to change companies vary significantly with age. Using a sample of over 3000 technical professionals from six large companies, we find that in comparison to those under 30, satisfaction with job security is more strongly related to the commitment of more senior workers (ages 31–45 and those over age 45) and to their desire to remain with their companies. In contrast, satisfaction with work–life balance is more strongly related to commitment of those under age 30 than those over 30. Also, for the under‐30s, satisfaction with opportunities to develop technical skills and pay linked to individual performance has a stronger negative relationship with willingness to change companies than for those over 45. While statistically significant, the size of the age effects is small, suggesting popular and managerial attention devoted to differences among age groups may be overblown. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stress‐related aftermaths to workplace politics: the relationships among politics, job distress, and aggressive behavior in organizations
Authors: Vigoda Eran 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn light of the growing theoretical and practical interest on organizational politics, especially its probable impact on work outcomes, two stress‐related aftermaths of influence and politics in organizations were examined. On the basis of a model by Ferris, Russ, and Fandt (1989b) the idea was pursued that workplace politics may have a long‐range impact on employees' job distress and aggressive behavior in and around organizations. Three samples (n1 = 155, n2 = 184, n3 = 201) were used to examine direct and indirect/mediating relationships among the research variables. Participants were Israeli employees from the private, public, and third sectors. Findings showed that: (1) job distress was an immediate response to organizational politics across the three types of organization, and (2) job distress proved a possible mediator between organizational politics and aggressive behavior as enacted by the employees themselves. Several theoretical and practical implications of the findings that may extend our knowledge on various stress‐related aftermaths of organizational politics are noted. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Meteorological conditions associated with sea surges in Venice: a 40 year climatology
Authors: Trigo Isabel F. , Davies Trevor D. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe frequency of sea surges in Venice has increased during the 20th century, and the trend has been particularly pronounced in the last four decades. However, the time series of independent surge events (i.e. events separated by at least 1 week) has remained nearly stationary during that period. This suggests that, although the sea level rise (due to global warming and human activity in the region) is leading to more multiple events, the frequency of meteorological conditions that trigger independent events seems to be nearly balancing the effects of sea level change.Such meteorological conditions are identified by compositing sea level pressure (SLP) and 995 hPa wind during and before independent sea surge events in Venice. The composite analysis shows that these correspond to storms orographically induced over the western Mediterranean basin, when an Atlantic synoptic system is perturbed by the Pyrenees and/or the Alps. It is, however, the persistence, intensity and relative position of such storms to the Adriatic Sea that contribute to the optimum conditions for the occurrence of floodings in its northern embayment.It is shown that the synoptic picture is translated into persistent low SLP over the Venice region, negative north–south SLP gradient over the Adriatic, and south‐southeasterly to southeasterly wind over the central and northern parts of the sea. During the 40 year period under analysis, the persistence and intensity of the most adverse scenarios for the occurrence of sea surges in Venice have been generally decreasing; significant trends have been found in the tails of the distributions of Venice SLP, SLP north–south gradient, and of surface wind over the northern Adriatic. It is the balance between these trends and the continuing sea level rise that may account for the near‐stationarity of independent sea surge events during the last four decades. Copyright © 2002 Royal Meteorological Society
Raman spectra enhancement with a fuzzy logic approach
Authors: Soneira M. J. , Perez‐Pueyo R. , Ruiz‐Moreno S. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA filter based on the fuzzy logic technique to enhance the signal‐to‐noise ratio of Raman spectra is presented. The reasoning for generating a fuzzy filter is explained and its performance is evaluated on Raman spectra contaminated with cosmic ray events and shot noise. The filter suppresses noise and simultaneously preserves information without requiring a priori knowledge on the accurate shape of the Raman band and on the statistics of the noise that masks the information signal. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The concept of workplace marketing: a management development model for corporate and enterprise sectors
Authors: Mumby‐Croft Roger , Williams Juliet 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis article addresses the following issues:

The role of organizational culture in creating business success.
The importance of internal marketing in relation to creating a sustainable business environment.
The importance of applied research to the development of effective business models.
Management development education as an investment in success not as a cost factor hindering profitability.
Rigorous interventions make a positive difference to company performance.
Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thioredoxin: a photosynthetic regulatory protein finds application in food improvement
Authors: Buchanan Bob B 
Published: October 2002

AbstractExperiments initiated in the early 1960s on fermentative bacteria led to the discovery of ferredoxin‐dependent α‐ketocarboxylation reactions that were later found to be key to a new cycle for the assimilation of carbon dioxide in photosynthetic bacteria (the reductive carboxylic acid cycle). The latter finding set the stage for the discovery of a regulatory system, the ferredoxin/thioredoxin system, functional in photosynthesis in chloroplasts (and oxygen‐evolving photosynthetic prokaryotes). The chloroplast research, in turn, led to the finding of a system regulating seed germination. Each of these regulatory systems depends on thioredoxin, a ubiquitous 12 kDa protein with a catalytically active disulphide group that reduces specific disulphide sites of target enzymes or proteins. The seed work has begun to open doors to new technologies, also based on thioredoxin, that have broad application, including use in the improvement of major foods. This paper traces the history of this research and shows the current status of its application to food products.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Chemical composition, protein fractionation, essential amino acid potential and antimetabolic constituents of an unconventional legume, Gila bean (Entada phaseoloides Merrill) seed kernel
Authors: Siddhuraju Perumal , Becker Klaus , Makkar Harinder Paul S 
Published: October 2002

AbstractPhysical characteristics of pods and seeds, proximate composition, different protein fractionation, SDS‐PAGE analysis of proteins, amino acid composition, starch content, fatty acid profiles and various antimetabolic substances of Gila bean (Entada phaseoloides Merrill) were studied. The pod length and the number of seeds per pod ranged from 55 to 90 cm and from 5 to 11 respectively. The kernel comprised 66.1% of the seed weight (18.41 ± 1.14 g). The seed kernels contained 256.7 g kg−1 crude protein, 108.1 g kg−1 lipid, 27.3 g kg−1 ash and a high content of carbohydrate (585.7 g kg−1). The levels of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and iron were similar to those in conventional pulses. Among the different protein fractions of seed kernels, albumins constituted the major storage proteins (69.7%). The kernel proteins were rich in essential amino acids, particularly sulphur‐containing amino acids, and their values appeared to be higher than the FAO/WHO (1990) reference protein for a 2–5‐year‐old growing child and soybean, and comparable to hen egg. Seed kernel lipids contained high levels of unsaturated fatty acids, oleic and linoleic acids, which accounted for 83% of the total fatty acid recovered. The kernel exhibited high trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitor activities (96.65 mg TI g−1 and 30.02 CIU mg−1 sample respectively) in addition to containing phenolics, phytic acid, lectins and oligosaccharides. Another major toxic constituent was identified as a group of triterpenoid saponins (3.21%), which had high haemolytic activity (HeU) against cattle erythrocytes and caused high mortality in fish. The in vitro digestibility of the kernel protein was low (67%).© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
The effect of digesta sampling time and dietary protein source on ileal nitrogen digestibility for the growing rat
Authors: Butts Christine A , James Kerry A C , Koolaard John P , Booth Christine L , Donaldson Helen E , Scott Margaret F , Moughan Paul J 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe effect of time that digesta were collected on the quantity and representativeness of ileal digesta and on the determination of apparent and true ileal nitrogen (N) digestibility for growing rats was investigated. Semi‐synthetic diets containing chromic oxide as an indigestible marker were given to 200 g live weight rats for 8 days as a single daily meal. The experimental treatments comprised six diets (lactalbumin, soy protein isolate, wheat gluten, fish, protein‐free (PF), enzymically hydrolysed casein (EHC)) and four ileal digesta sampling times (3, 4, 5 and 6 h after the start of feeding). On the eighth day the rats were fed and slaughtered according to treatment, and digesta were sampled from the terminal ileum. Endogenous ileal nitrogen excretion was determined using both the protein‐free and peptide alimentation methods. There was a significant (P  = 0.027) effect of experimental diet averaged across sampling times for chromium recovery (CrRec). The CrRec was higher for the rats fed the PF diet than for the other diets. Responses to sampling time varied significantly (P < 0.05) among diets for ileal digesta weight (IDW), nitrogen/chromium (N/Cr) ratio, ileal digesta weight relative to dry matter intake (IDW/DMI), CrRec, N flow, apparent N digestibility and true N digestibility (determined using the protein‐free method). The optimal digesta sampling times for each of the diets were 3 h for PF, EHC, lactalbumin and fish and 4 h for soy protein isolate and wheat gluten. Consequently, 3 or 4 h after the start of feeding is recommended as the optimum ileal digesta sampling time for most purified protein sources when fed to the growing rat as a single daily meal.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
A new procedure for extraction and measurement of soluble sugars in ligneous plants
Authors: Gomez Laurent , Rubio Emilie , Augé Magali 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAn original modification of an analytical procedure has been developed to obtain purified extracts for sugar measurement in different parts of ligneous plants by high‐performance liquid chromatography. Extraction was performed at 4 °C in the presence of water, methanol and chloroform. Only a representative part of the alcohol extract (methanol/water) was purified for analysis. An internal marker such as maltotriose, added during extraction, makes it possible to estimate possible sugar loss and to correct concentrations. Compared with a more standard method based on total soluble sugar extraction, this new method is more precise. The use of internal calibration standards shows good linear progression but does not guarantee good accuracy in the absence of a reference method or plant powder standard. It is a robust procedure which can tolerate experimental variations without affecting the results. The high recovery rate (90%) of maltotriose proves the quality of the procedure and makes it possible to correct sugar concentrations to acceptable limits.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Discrimination and classification of adulterants in maple syrup with the use of infrared spectroscopic techniques
Authors: Paradkar M M , Sivakesava S , Irudayaraj J 
Published: October 2002

AbstractFood adulteration is a profit‐making business for some unscrupulous manufacturers. Maple syrup is a soft target for adulterators owing to its simplicity of chemical composition. The use of infrared spectroscopic techniques such as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and near‐infrared (NIR) as a tool to detect adulterants such as cane and beet invert syrups as well as cane and beet sugar solutions in maple syrup was investigated. The FTIR spectra of adulterated samples were characterised and the regions of 800–1200 cm−1 (carbohydrates) and 1200–1800 and 2800–3200 cm−1 (carbohydrates, carboxylic acids and amino acids) were used for detection. The NIR spectral region between 1100 and 1660 nm was used for analysis. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and canonical variate analysis (CVA) were used for discriminant analysis, while partial least squares (PLS) and principal component regression (PCR) were used for quantitative analysis. FTIR was more accurate in predicting adulteration using the two different regions (R2 > 0.93 and 0.98) compared with NIR (R2 > 0.93). Classification and quantification of adulterants in maple syrup show that both NIR and FTIR can be used for detecting adulterants such as pure beet and cane sugar solutions, but FTIR was superior to NIR in detecting invert syrups.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of storage on non‐enzymatic browning of liquid infant milk formulae
Authors: Guerra‐Hernandez Eduardo , Leon Gomez Carmen , Garcia‐Villanova Belen , Corzo Sanchez Nieves , Romera Gomez Juan Manuel 
Published: October 2002

AbstractFurfural, hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), furosine, lactulose, ascorbic acid and absorbance at 284 and 420 nm (A284 and A420) were all determined in two types of liquid infant formula prepared with different processing protocols. These browning indicators were used to assess the effects of storage and modified atmosphere on the shelf‐life of infant formulae. The study was carried out at 20 and 55 °C for 15, 30 and 90 days. At 20 °C, slight browning was observed and could be evaluated by furosine, furfural and total HMF indicators. At 55 °C, formula type A (pasteurised, spray‐dried and reconstituted) showed more browning in nitrogen storage conditions than did type B. Furfural, HMF, lactulose, A284 and A420 are useful indicators to control the extent of browning reactions in adverse storage conditions.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry