bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the spatiotemporal patterns of air quality over the metropolitan area of Tehran, using TROPOMI and OMI data
Authors: Moradi Ayoub , Zeuss Dirk 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAir quality has been one of the main concerns among Tehran residents for at least two decades. In this study, we investigated air quality in the metropolitan area of Tehran utilizing TROPOMI and OMI data based on the Google Earth Engine platform. Long-term analysis indicated slight negative trends in NO2, SO2, and HCHO over the last two decades, which are due to the development of urban transportation systems. Air quality parameters were classified based on spatiotemporal similarities. Urban pollutants include CO1, NO2, and HCHO, which were concentrated over the eastern part of Tehran and decreased radially towards the city border. Among the pollutants, CO1showed a dependency with altitude. SO2was controlled by both urban vehicles and nonurban industrial activities. SO2was thus classified as an urban-industrial pollutant. The exterior parameters almost entirely controlled by external factors include O3, aerosols, and clouds. The spatial variations of the pollutants highly differed from a fraction to several times. All pollutants exhibited seasonality associated with fuel consumption and air conditions. However, the seasonality in the exterior parameters was associated with regional air masses. The Iranian New Year holiday significantly impacts air pollution. NO2, CO1, and SO2experienced their annual minimum levels during this holiday period. COVID-19–related closures also led to negative trends in NO2, CO1, and SO2after March 2020. However, the exterior parameters were not affected by these events. The results agreed with in situ measurements. As the final objective, we aimed to support urban management to reduce atmospheric pollution in Tehran.
Meaningful Youth Work Careers: Assumptions, Misconceptions, and Realities
Authors: Sutcliffe John , Cooper Trudi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe existing literature pertaining to youth work as a career is sparse, limited, and outdated, with the literature that does exist representing a largely negative image of youth work as a career. What then of those who have had a long-term career in youth work? The authors use a recent phenomenological research study to question assumptions and identify misconceptions about youth work as a career, and to discuss the findings from this research to provide a more realistic and contemporary understanding of long-term youth work careers. The phenomenological study discussed in this paper interviewed ten degree-qualified youth workers in Western Australia who had experienced careers in youth work spanning over twenty years. The authors will discuss the disparity between the findings from this research with existing literature, including characteristics of continuous employment; sustainability through supportive connections; longevity through leadership opportunities; and a diverse fusion of opportunities, variety, and flexibility in roles undertaken. These characteristics were found to support career longevity in youth work, culminating in a provisional model of the youth work career. This article provides insight into youth work career longevity and invites further conversation and research to further explore if the research conducted is transferable to different contexts both nationally and internationally.
A Randomized Phase 2 Study to Evaluate Efficacy and Safety of AR36 for Prevention of Acute Mountain Sickness
Authors: Schober Andrew , Chinn Gregory , Eichbaum Yasmine , Dudley Matthew , Sall Jeffrey W. 
Published: November 2023

Introduction AR36 is a pharmaceutical-grade plant extract used to support cardiovascular health in traditional Chinese medicine. Studies suggest that AR36 may prevent acute mountain sickness (AMS) during gradual ascent to high altitude. This randomized, placebo-controlled Phase 2 trial aimed to evaluate dosing regimens and assess efficacy and safety of AR36 for AMS prevention during rapid ascent. Methods Participants received placebo, low-dose AR36 (225 mg twice daily for 14 d prior and 5 d at altitude), or high-dose AR36 (12 d placebo, 300 mg twice daily for 2 d prior and 5 d at altitude). The primary efficacy outcome was 1993 Lake Louise Scoring System (LLSS) score on the morning after ascent. Safety was assessed through the proportion of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs). Results One hundred thirty-two participants were randomized. Mean±SD age was 31.4±8.6 (range, 19–54) y. Baseline characteristics did not differ across groups. Lake Louise Scoring System scores on Day 16 in the placebo, low-dose, and high-dose groups were 4.03 (2.88), 4.42 (3.17), and 3.5 (2.31), respectively (placebo versus low-dose, P=0.462; placebo versus high-dose, P=0.574; n=110). The incidence of AMS on Day 16 was 66.7% in the placebo, 61.1% in the low-dose, and 55.3% in the high-dose group ( P=0.66). The proportion of TEAEs in the placebo, low-dose, and high-dose groups was 38.4% (81), 28.4% (60), and 33.2% (70), respectively ( P=0.205; n=127). There was no statistical difference between groups in LLSS, incidence of AMS, or TEAEs. Conclusions AR36 did not improve LLSS or AMS incidence using the current regimens. AR36 was well tolerated.
Life Course in the Making
Authors: Hupka-Brunner Sandra , Meyer Thomas 
Published: November 2023

Abstract: TREE (Transitions from Education to Employment) is a prospective interdisciplinary multi-cohort panel survey following up on the (post-compulsory) education and employment trajectories of two large samples of Swiss compulsory school leavers. The first TREE cohort (TREE1) was launched in 2000, drawing on the sample tested on the occasion of Switzerland’s first-time participation in PISA ( Nt0 = 6,343, Nt10 in 2020 ≈ 3,900). Since then, the sample has been followed up by means of 10-panel waves, the most recent one conducted in 2019/20. Further panel waves are planned at 5 years intervals. To date, TREE1 respondents have reached an average age approaching 40 and have been surveyed for a period of over 20 years, spanning from early adolescence up to early middle age. Under a replication design allowing for cohort comparison, the second TREE cohort (TREE2) covers a comparable population of school leavers who left compulsory education in 2016. As its baseline survey, it draws on a national large-scale assessment of mathematics skills. Since then, the TREE2 sample ( Nt0 = 8,429, Nt6 in 2022 ≈ 4,500) has been re-surveyed six times at yearly intervals, up to the average age of 21. Further panel waves at 2–5 years intervals are planned. The present contribution includes a detailed description of TREE’s study and survey design as well as a synoptic summary of salient results from some of the several hundred publications that draw on the TREE data.
Diversity of thought: public perceptions of genetic testing across ethnic groups in the UK
Authors: Harris Benjamin H. L. , McCabe Caitlin , Shafique Hana , Lammy Simon , Tookman Laura , Flanagan James , Miron-Barroso Sofia , Lythgoe Mark , Clark James , Walsh Jason L. , Di Giovannantonio Matteo , Krell Jonathan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractGenetic testing is becoming rapidly more accessible to the general populous either through or outside healthcare systems. Few large-scale studies have been carried out to gauge public opinion in this growing area. Here, we undertook the largest cross-sectional study on genetic testing in the UK. The primary purpose of this study is to identify the differences in attitudes toward genetic testing across ethnic groups. A cohort of 6500 individuals from a diverse population completed a 72-item survey in a cross-sectional study. Responses between ethnic minority and white individuals in the UK were compared using a wilcoxon rank-sum and chi-square tests. The white cohort was approximately twice as likely to have taken a genetic test and 13% more had heard about genetic testing before the survey. The ethnic minority cohort appeared more apprehensive about the impact of genetic testing on employability. This study highlights that in the UK, significant differences in opinions regarding genetic testing exist between white individuals and ethnic minority individuals. There is an urgent need to develop more inclusive strategies to equally inform individuals from all backgrounds to avoid disparities in the utilisation of genetic testing.
SARS-CoV-2 infection engenders heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein interactions to impede translation elongation in the lungs
Authors: Kim Junsoo , Youn Daehwa , Choi Seunghoon , Lee Youn Woo , Sumberzul Dulguun , Yoon Jeongeun , Lee Hanju , Bae Jong Woo , Noh Hyuna , On Dain , Hong Seung-Min , An Se-Hee , Jang Hui Jeong , Kim Seo Yeon , Kim Young Been , Hwang Ji-Yeon , Lee Hyo-Jung , Bin Kim Hong , Park Jun Won , Yun Jun-Won , Shin Jeon-Soo , Seo Jun-Young , Nam Ki Taek , Choi Kang-Seuk , Lee Ho-Young , Chang Hyeshik , Seong Je Kyung , Cho Jun 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTranslational regulation in tissue environments during in vivo viral pathogenesis has rarely been studied due to the lack of translatomes from virus-infected tissues, although a series of translatome studies using in vitro cultured cells with viral infection have been reported. In this study, we exploited tissue-optimized ribosome profiling (Ribo-seq) and severe-COVID-19 model mice to establish the first temporal translation profiles of virus and host genes in the lungs during SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis. Our datasets revealed not only previously unknown targets of translation regulation in infected tissues but also hitherto unreported molecular signatures that contribute to tissue pathology after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Specifically, we observed gradual increases in pseudoribosomal ribonucleoprotein (RNP) interactions that partially overlapped the trails of ribosomes, being likely involved in impeding translation elongation. Contemporaneously developed ribosome heterogeneity with predominantly dysregulated 5 S rRNP association supported the malfunction of elongating ribosomes. Analyses of canonical Ribo-seq reads (ribosome footprints) highlighted two obstructive characteristics to host gene expression: ribosome stalling on codons within transmembrane domain-coding regions and compromised translation of immunity- and metabolism-related genes with upregulated transcription. Our findings collectively demonstrate that the abrogation of translation integrity may be one of the most critical factors contributing to pathogenesis after SARS-CoV-2 infection of tissues.
British South Asian ancestry participants views of pharmacogenomics clinical implementation and research: a thematic analysis
Authors: Magavern Emma F. , Durrani Faiza , Raza Mehru , Lerner Robin , Islam Mohammed Riadul ,   Genes & Health Research Team, Clinch Megan , Caulfield Mark J. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
South Asian ancestry populations are underrepresented in genomic studies and therapeutics trials. British South Asians suffer from multi-morbidity leading to polypharmacy. Our objective was to elucidate British South Asian ancestry community perspectives on pharmacogenomic implementation and sharing pharmacogenomic clinical data for research.

Methods
Four focus groups were conducted (9–12 participants in each). Two groups were mixed gender, while one group was male only and one was female only. Simultaneous interpretation was available to participants in Urdu and Bengali. Focus groups were recorded and abridged transcription and thematic analysis were undertaken.

Results
There were 42 participants, 64% female. 26% were born in the UK or Europe. 52% were born in Bangladesh and 17% in Pakistan. 36% reported university level education.
Implementation of pharmacogenomics was perceived to be beneficial to individuals but pose a risk of overburdening resource limited systems. Pharmacogenomic research was perceived to be beneficial to the community, with concerns about data privacy and misuse. Data sharing was desirable if the researchers did not have a financial stake, and benefits would be shared.
Trust was the key condition for the acceptability of both clinical implementation and research. Trust was linked with medication compliance. Education, outreach, and communication facilitate trust.

Conclusions (Significance and Impact of the Study)
Pharmacogenomics implementation with appropriate education and communication has the potential to enhance trust and contribute to increased medication compliance. Trust drives data sharing, which would enable enhanced representation in research. Representation in scientific evidence base could cyclically enhance trust and compliance.
Composition of gut microbiota involved in alleviation of dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy by whey protein
Authors: Qiu JinLing , Cheng Yixing , Deng Yang , Ren Guangxu , Wang Jiaqi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSkeletal muscle atrophy is a condition associated with increased morbidity and mortality. While the concept of the gut-muscle axis has been proposed, the role of gut microbiota in dexamethasone (DEX)-induced skeletal muscle atrophy remains largely unknown, limiting its clinical applications. In this study, we found that administration of DEX caused a shift in the gut microbiota of mice, characterized by an increased ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidota and a reduction in alpha diversity. We also identified 480 new operational taxonomic units (OTUs), while 1168 specific OTUs were lost. Our Spearman correlation analysis revealed 28 key taxonomic genera of bacteria that were positively or negatively associated with skeletal muscle strength and weight (r: −0.881 to 0.845, p < 0.05). Moreover, supplementation with whey protein reshaped the gut microbiota structure in DEX-treated mice, making it more similar to that of the control group. Importantly, we further utilized a stepwise regression model to identify two enterotypes capable of predicting skeletal muscle function and weight. Notably, Ileibacterium and Lachnospiraceae_UCG-001 played significant roles in predicting both skeletal muscle function and weight. Our findings suggest that DEX causes shifts in the gut microbiota, which can be reversed by whey protein intervention. The enterotypes identified by our stepwise regression models predict muscle function and weight, underscoring the potential role of gut microbiota in modulating muscle atrophy and emphasizing the therapeutic opportunities of microbiota-altering interventions.
Epithelial wound healing in Clytia hemisphaerica provides insights into extracellular ATP signaling mechanisms and P2XR evolution
Authors: Lee Elizabeth E. L. , O’Malley-Krohn Isabel , Edsinger Eric , Wu Stephanie , Malamy Jocelyn 
Published: November 2023

AbstractEpithelial wound healing involves the collective responses of many cells, including those at the wound margin (marginal cells) and those that lack direct contact with the wound (submarginal cells). How these responses are induced and coordinated to produce rapid, efficient wound healing remains poorly understood. Extracellular ATP (eATP) is implicated as a signal in epithelial wound healing in vertebrates. However, the role of eATP in wound healing in vivo and the cellular responses to eATP are unclear. Almost nothing is known about eATP signaling in non-bilaterian metazoans (Cnidaria, Ctenophora, Placozoa, and Porifera). Here, we show that eATP promotes closure of epithelial wounds in vivo in the cnidarian Clytia hemisphaerica (Clytia) indicating that eATP signaling is an evolutionarily ancient strategy in wound healing. Furthermore, eATP increases F-actin accumulation at the edges of submarginal cells. In Clytia, this indicates eATP is involved in coordinating cellular responses during wound healing, acting in part by promoting actin remodeling in cells at a distance from the wound. We also present evidence that eATP activates a cation channel in Clytia epithelial cells. This implies that the eATP signal is transduced through a P2X receptor (P2XR). Phylogenetic analyses identified four Clytia P2XR homologs and revealed two deeply divergent major branches in P2XR evolution, necessitating revision of current models. Interestingly, simple organisms such as cellular slime mold appear exclusively on one branch, bilaterians are found exclusively on the other, and many non-bilaterian metazoans, including Clytia, have P2XR sequences from both branches. Together, these results re-draw the P2XR evolutionary tree, provide new insights into the origin of eATP signaling in wound healing, and demonstrate that the cytoskeleton of submarginal cells is a target of eATP signaling.
Quantification and characterization of biological activities of glansreginin A in black walnuts (Juglans nigra)
Authors: Ho Khanh-Van , Hsieh Hsien-Yeh , Roy Anuradha , Foote Sarah , McDonald Peter , Coggeshall Mark V. , Ito Hideyuki , Lei Zhentian , Sumner Lloyd W. , Stewart George C. , Lin Chung-Ho 
Published: November 2023

AbstractGlansreginin A has been reported to be an indicator of the quality of walnuts (Juglans spp.). However, bioactive properties of glansreginin A have not been adequately explored. In the present study, we quantified concentrations of glansreginin A in black walnuts (Juglans nigra) using high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS/MS) and performed an array of in vitro bioassays to characterize biological activities (e.g., antibacterial, antioxidant, anticancer capacities) of this compound. Results from HPLC–MS/MS analysis indicated that glansreginin A was presented in all 12 black cultivars examined and its contents were variable among black walnut cultivars, ranged from 6.8 mg/kg (Jackson) to 47.0 mg/kg (Hay). Glansreginin A possessed moderate antibacterial activities against Gram-positive pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus anthracis). This compound exhibited no antioxidant activities, did not induce the activity of antioxidant response element signaling pathways, and exerted no antiproliferative effects on tumorigenic alveolar epithelial cells and non-tumorigenic lung fibroblast cells.
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to quantify major extracellular matrix components in fibro-calcific aortic valve disease
Authors: Feistner Lukas , Penk Anja , Böttner Julia , Büttner Petra , Thiele Holger , Huster Daniel , Schlotter Florian 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFibro-calcific aortic valve disease (FCAVD) is a pathological condition marked by overt fibrous and calcific extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation that leads to valvular dysfunction and left ventricular outflow obstruction. Costly valve implantation is the only approved therapy. Multiple pharmacological interventions are under clinical investigation, however, none has proven clinically beneficial. This failure of translational approaches indicates incomplete understanding of the underlying pathomechanisms and may result from a limited toolbox of scientific methods to assess the cornerstones of FCAVD: lipid deposition, fibrous and calcific ECM accumulation. In this study, we evaluated magic-angle spinning (MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to both, qualitatively and quantitatively assess these key elements of FCAVD pathogenesis. NMR spectra showed collagen, elastin, triacylglycerols, and phospholipids in human control and FCAVD tissue samples (n = 5). Calcification, measured by the hydroxyapatite content, was detectable in FCAVD tissues and in valve interstitial cells under procalcifying media conditions. Hydroxyapatite was significantly higher in FCAVD tissues than in controls (p < 0.05) as measured by 31P MAS NMR. The relative collagen content was lower in FCAVD tissues vs. controls (p < 0.05). Overall, we demonstrate the versatility of NMR spectroscopy as a diagnostic tool in preclinical FCAVD assessment.
Processable crosslinked terpolymers made from elemental sulfur with wide range of thermal and mechanical properties
Authors: Yan Peiyao , Wang Haoran , Dodd Liam James , Hasell Tom 
Published: November 2023

AbstractInverse vulcanization has emerged as a popular strategy for transforming the waste material, elemental sulfur, into functional polymers with high sulfur content (>50 wt.%, normally). Inverse vulcanized polymers are intrinsically processable and recyclable, and have been demonstrated as promising for applications in many fields. However, the mechanical properties of inverse vulcanized polymers are currently underdeveloped. If this kind of material is to be widely used in some scenarios to replace some traditional plastics, it is necessary to make them with appropriate thermal and mechanical properties that meet basic application requirements. Here, we report a series of terpolymers copolymerized from two distinct organic comonomers and elemental sulfur to obtain polymers with a wide range of glass transition temperatures (−43 °C to 45 °C) that exhibit good mechanical properties, by blending crosslinkers with varying feed monomer ratio and chain length of linear sections, which expands the application opportunities of inverse vulcanization.
Interactions between cold cyclonic eddies and a western boundary current modulate marine heatwaves
Authors: Li Junde , Roughan Moninya , Hemming Michael 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMarine heatwaves are known to cause severe ecosystem damage and therefore have received attention in recent years. However, the focus has tended to be on global (surface) studies, but not coastal waters. Cyclonic eddies are important and underappreciated components in the eddy-dominated western boundary current system, but their impacts on the path of the western boundary currents have largely been unexplored. Here we show that cold cyclonic eddies can modulate the most intense coastal marine heatwaves on record inshore of the East Australian Current. We show that the marine heatwave was driven and modulated by the lateral movement of the western boundary current jet and cyclonic eddies. This study reveals that the interplay of cyclonic eddies and a western boundary current can drive coastal ocean warming, paving the way for future investigations into eddy interactions and the evolution of coastal marine heatwaves in other western boundary current regions.