bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Hemispheric Difference in Electric Potential and Electron Precipitation Observed by DMSP in the Auroral Zone
Authors: Chen Yun‐Ju , Heelis Roderick , Hairston Marc , Valladares Cesar 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn this case study, we focus on how hemispheric differences in the electric potential distribution in the auroral zones are related to hemispheric differences in the energetic particle precipitation that indicate the presence of field‐aligned potential drops. Utilizing data during the spring and fall equinox in 2013 and 2014 from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) F16 and F17 satellites, we systematically examine simultaneous measurements of plasma drift velocity and particle precipitation in magnetically conjugate regions across the auroral zone in both hemispheres. This allows us to establish the degree to which the interhemispheric differences in ionospheric electric potential may be accounted for by field‐aligned potential drops. Thirty‐seven eligible cases examined show accelerated electron energy spectra at conjugate locations in the northern and/or southern hemispheres. Of these 37 cases, 23 show conjugate differences in electric potential that agree qualitatively with the observed electron acceleration and average energy of precipitating electrons in each hemisphere. This result suggests that the hemispheric differences in ionospheric electric potential in the auroral zone may be most frequently accounted for by field‐aligned potential drops along the magnetic flux tubes connecting conjugate points to the equatorial plane. The spatial and temporal variability of the potential distribution, electron precipitation, and magnetic field configuration could account for deviations from the normally observed situation in the remaining cases. More magnetically conjugate observations at various altitudes in both hemispheres are needed to investigate this hemispheric coupling in more detail.
Impact of a Large Shallow Semi‐Enclosed Lagoon on Freshwater Exchange Across an Inlet Channel
Authors: Kida Shinichiro , Tanaka Kiyoshi , Isada Tomonori , Nakamura Tomohiro 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe impact of a large shallow semi‐enclosed lagoon on freshwater exchange across an inlet channel is investigated using an idealized numerical model. Lagoons are often found between a river mouth and the ocean; we focus on those where the river discharge rate is small and the inlet channel is narrower and deeper than the lagoon. Tides generate freshwater and oceanic‐water plumes across the channel; a stratified freshwater plume forms in the ocean from the late ebb to early flood phase, while a vertically well‐mixed oceanic‐water plume forms in the lagoon from the late flood to early ebb phase. The shallow depth of the lagoon increases the flow speed of the oceanic‐water plume, which results in the formation of a sharp and vertically well‐mixed salinity front within the lagoon. When this front moves toward the ocean during the ebb phase, vertical mixing increases where the bathymetry deepens and freshwater encounters oceanic water below. Without a dredged bottom slope, the impact of mixing would be greatly reduced within the shallow lagoon and channel, as the shallow depth would limit the subsurface intrusion of oceanic water. The narrow channel further causes the flow to converge and accelerate, enhancing both internal shear‐driven and bottom boundary‐layer mixing at the channel and increasing freshwater plume thickness where it enters the ocean. Sensitivity experiments showed that the role of tidal pumping in freshwater exchange across the channel increases when the lagoon area and tidal mixing increase and when the estuarine Richardson number decreases.
Radium Isotopes as Tracers of Shelf‐Basin Exchange Processes in the Eastern Arctic Ocean
Authors: Kipp Lauren , Charette Matthew , Robbins Alyssa , Pnyushkov Andrey , Polyakov Igor , Whitmore Laura 
Published: December 2023

AbstractRadium isotopes, which are sourced from sediments, are useful tools for studying potential climate‐driven changes in the transfer of shelf‐derived elements to the open Arctic Ocean. Here we present observations of radium‐228 and radium‐226 from the Siberian Arctic, focusing on the shelf‐basin boundary north of the Laptev and East Siberian Seas. Water isotopes and nutrients are used to deconvolve the contributions from different water masses in the study region, and modeled currents and water parcel back‐trajectories provide insights on water pathways and residence times. High radium levels and fractions of meteoric water, along with modeled water parcel back‐trajectories, indicate that shelf‐ and river‐influenced water left the East Siberian Shelf around 170°E in 2021; this is likely where the Transpolar Drift was entering the central Arctic. A transect extending from the East Siberian Slope into the basin is used to estimate a radium‐228 flux of 2.67 × 107 atoms m−2 d−1 (possible range of 1.23 × 107–1.04 × 108 atoms m−2 d−1) from slope sediments, which is comparable to slope fluxes in other regions of the world. A box model is used to determine that the flux of radium‐228 from the Laptev and East Siberian Shelves is 9.03 × 107 atoms m−2 d−1 (possible range of 3.87 × 107–1.56 × 108 atoms m−2 d−1), similar to previously estimated fluxes from the Chukchi Shelf. These three shelves contribute a disproportionately high amount of radium to the Arctic, highlighting their importance in regulating the chemistry of Arctic surface waters.
Two‐Dimensional Analytical Solution for Transient Flow in Unsaturated Soils Considering Hydromechanical Coupling
Authors: Tracy Fred T. , Vahedifard Farshid 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a two‐dimensional solution for unsaturated transient seepage flow in a trapezoidal region using analytical solutions for flow in a series of rectangular regions. The coupled formulation considers the interaction among fluid flow due to differences in head and displacement of soil particles. The solution in each rectangular region is derived using Laplace Transform and Discrete Fourier Series for two top boundary conditions: specified pressure head and specified flow rate. The accuracy of the proposed solution is verified by comparing the results against those attained from the finite difference method. The proposed solution is applied to two example problems, demonstrating its efficacy and accuracy. The findings show a significant difference in the coupled and uncoupled results for fine‐grained soils possessing a small Gardner's coefficient. Additionally, the uncoupled pressure heads advanced quicker to a steady state than the coupled ones for soils with a small Gardner's coefficient. The coupling effect becomes less prominent as Gardner's coefficient increases. This study is the first attempt in the literature to provide a solution for unsaturated flow in a trapezoidal or non‐rectangular domain using analytical solution techniques, which can better represent complex real‐world applications (e.g., slopes, embankments, dams).
Aspergillus fumigatus strains that evolve resistance to the agrochemical fungicide ipflufenoquin in vitro are also resistant to olorofim
Authors: van Rhijn Norman , Storer Isabelle S. R. , Birch Mike , Oliver Jason D. , Bottery Michael J. , Bromley Michael J. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWidespread use of azole antifungals in agriculture has been linked to resistance in the pathogenic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus. We show that exposure of A. fumigatus to the agrochemical fungicide, ipflufenoquin, in vitro can select for strains that are resistant to olorofim, a first-in-class clinical antifungal with the same mechanism of action. Resistance is caused by non-synonymous mutations within the target of ipflufenoquin/olorofim activity, dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), and these variants have no overt growth defects.
Temporal changes of 137Cs concentrations in the Far Eastern Seas: partitioning of 137Cs between overlying waters and sediments
Authors: Hirose Katsumi , Povinec Pavel P. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDeep-ocean sediments, similarly to seawater, are important reservoirs of 137Cs, an anthropogenic radionuclide with a relatively long half-live found in the Earth system. To better understand the geochemical behaviour of 137Cs in the ocean, we examined the temporal changes of 137Cs activity concentrations in the overlying waters and in sediments from the Far Eastern Seas (Sea of Japan, SOJ, and Okhotsk Sea, OS) during the period of 1998–2021. The 137Cs activity levels showed exponential changes during the observed period. The decay-corrected change rates of 137Cs in deep waters of SOJ exhibited a slow increase, while 137Cs levels in seawater and sediment in OS decreased gradually. This reflects a topographical difference, as SOJ is a semi-closed sea, whereas OS receives continuously inflow of subarctic waters. It was confirmed that 137Cs released after the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident was rapidly transported into the deep waters of the SOJ. To elucidate the transfer processes of 137Cs from seawater to sediment, we discussed the temporal changes of the partition coefficients (Kd) of 137Cs between the overlying water and the surface sediment. In shallow areas (< 1500 m water depth), Kd values were almost constant within the sampling periods, although the temporal changes in the Kd values occurred in deeper waters (> 2500 m depth). The Kd values increased with increasing depth, which may reflect a pressure effect as a possible mechanism. These findings suggest that chemical processes may be important factors controlling the transport of 137Cs between seawater and sediment, although more complicated phenomena occurred in deep waters and sediments of the SOJ (> 3000 m depth).
Characterization of Wnt signaling pathway under treatment of Lactobacillus acidophilus postbiotic in colorectal cancer using an integrated in silico and in vitro analysis
Authors: Erfanian Nafiseh , Nasseri Saeed , Miraki Feriz Adib , Safarpour Hossein , Namaei Mohammad Hassan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is a prevalent and life-threatening cancer closely associated with the gut microbiota. Probiotics, as a vital microbiota group, interact with the host’s colonic epithelia and immune cells by releasing a diverse range of metabolites named postbiotics. The present study examined the effects of postbiotics on CRC’s prominent differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using in silico and in vitro analysis. Through single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), we identified four DEGs in CRC, including secreted frizzled-related protein 1 (SFRP1), secreted frizzled-related protein 2 (SFRP2), secreted frizzled-related protein 4 (SFRP4), and matrix metallopeptidase 7 (MMP7). Enrichment analysis and ExpiMap, a novel deep learning-based method, determined that these DEGs are involved in the Wnt signaling pathway as a primary cascade in CRC. Also, spatial transcriptome analysis showed specific expression patterns of the SFRP2 gene in fibroblast cell type. The expression of selected DEGs was confirmed on CRC and normal adjacent tissues using Real-Time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Moreover, we examined the effects of postbiotics extracted from Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus) on the proliferation, migration, and cell cycle distribution of HT-29 cells using MTT, scratch, and flow cytometry assays. Our results showed that L. acidophilus postbiotics induce cell cycle arrest at G1 phase and also had anti-proliferative and anti-migration effects on HT-29 cells, while it did not exert anti-proliferative activity on control fibroblasts. Finally, we revealed that treating HT-29 cells with postbiotics can affect the expression of selected DEGs. We suggested that L. acidophilus postbiotics have therapeutic potential in CRC by modulating key genes in the Wnt pathway.
A variable sampling plan based on the coefficient of variation for lots resubmission
Authors: Yen Ching- Ho , Aslam Muhammad , Chang Chia-Hao , Sherwani Rehan Ahmad Khan , Ahmad Liaquat , Jun Chi-Hyuck 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis study focuses on the issue of lots resubmission in inspection processes, which often arises when the initial inspection of a lot is suspected, marked as held, or not accepted. To address this problem, a novel variables sampling plan based on the coefficient of variation is proposed. The objective is to determine the sampling plan parameters that minimize the average sample number while satisfying the two-points of operating characteristic curve. Practical considerations are taken into account by providing tabulated values for the inspection sample size and acceptance criteria of the proposed plan. These tables incorporate various combinations of quality levels, considering commonly used producer's risk and consumer's risk. Furthermore, a comparative analysis between the proposed plan and a single sampling plan is conducted to highlight the advantages of the new approach. To illustrate the practical implementation of the proposed plan, an example is presented.
Quantifying the smoke-related public health trade-offs of forest management
Authors: Schollaert Claire L. , Jung Jihoon , Wilkins Joseph , Alvarado Ernesto , Baumgartner Jill , Brun Julien , Busch Isaksen Tania , Lydersen Jamie M. , Marlier Miriam E. , Marshall Julian D. , Masuda Yuta J. , Maxwell Charles , Tessum Christopher W. , Wilson Kristen N. , Wolff Nicholas H. , Spector June T. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPrescribed burning can mitigate extreme wildfire risk and reduce total smoke emissions. Yet prescribed burns’ emissions may also contribute to smoke exposures in nearby communities. Incorporating public health considerations into forest management planning efforts may help reduce prescribed burn-related exposure impacts. We present a methodological framework linking landscape ecology, air-quality modelling and health impact assessment to quantify the air-quality and health impacts of specific management strategies. We apply this framework to six forest management scenarios proposed for a landscape in the Central Sierra, California. We find that moderate amounts of prescribed burning can decrease wildfire-specific PM2.5 exposures and reduce asthma-related health impacts in the surrounding region; however, the magnitude of that benefit levels off under scenarios with additional prescribed burning because of the added treatment-related smoke burdens. This framework can be applied to other fire-prone landscapes to incorporate public health considerations into forest management planning.
Preparing Student Clinicians to Provide Recast Therapy on Complement Clauses: A Training Program
Authors: Wang Danyang , Curran Maura , McGregor Karla , Van Horne Amanda Owen 
Published: December 2023

Purpose:
This study reports on a program to train student clinicians to provide recast therapy on complement clauses to children with developmental language disorder (DLD). To determine the efficacy of the program, we conducted secondary data analysis based on Owen Van Horne et al. (2023) and examined student clinicians' recasts after training and children's progress after treatment.

Method:
Three student clinicians received a two-stage training, followed by a real intervention program targeting complement clauses in six children with DLD. A third of the intervention sessions were coded for the total number and number of unique verbs in complement clauses provided by the student clinicians. An elicited production task was completed to test children's knowledge of the target structure.

Results:

On average, student clinicians provided 30 targeted recasts to each child during each intervention session. They provided a greater number of and more variable input for
that
compared to
WH
complements. Children demonstrated significant improvement only in
WH
, but not in
that
, complements.

Conclusions:

A targeted training program could strengthen clinicians' ability to provide recast therapy on complex syntax; however, future refinements should shorten and broaden training to include more targets. A mismatch between input patterns and learning patterns was observed.
WH
complement input is more stable than
that
input, given the less variable complement-taking verbs provided by the student clinicians and the overtness of the
WH
word as a stable complementizer, which may have facilitated the identification and extraction of the target syntactic structure.
Forehead Reduction Surgery with Hairline Advancement
Authors: Espinosa Jorge , Solís Luis , Cobo Roxana , Heredia Nicolas , Puerta Mauricio , Corredor Diego , Fonseca Carol 
Published: December 2023

AbstractHairline reduction surgery, also known as aesthetic forehead reduction, is a surgical procedure that aims to reduce the upper facial third and improve facial harmony. This article describes the anatomy of hairline advancement surgery and the surgical technique used by the author. The study included 21 patients from 2019 to 2023, and the forehead reduction length was on average 22.48 ± 2.64 mm. The most common complaint was hypoesthesia of the scalp, present in 100% of patients, resolving in all cases by 2 months after surgery. Forehead reduction surgery is among the procedures that provide more satisfaction to patients due to the great changes that it can achieve.
Ankylosis of Temporomandibular Joints
Authors: Sethi S. S. , Gupta J. L. , Shrivastava J. L. 
Published: December 2023

SummaryA technique of osteotomy through the ramus of the mandible has been described in cases where the ramus forms a bony block with the skull bones. Clear acrylic pulley is inserted between the bony ends to produce the false joint. Post operative excercises are stressed upon to maintain the joint function. The maximum follow up at present is two years.
Error of relativistic effective core potentials for closed-shell diatomic molecules of p-block heavy and superheavy elements in DFT and TDDFT calculations
Authors: Lu Yanzhao , Wang Zhifan , Wang Fan 
Published: December 2023

Pseudopotentials (PP) are extensively used in electronic structure calculations, particularly for molecules containing heavy elements. Parameters in PPs are mainly determined from ab initio results, and errors of such PPs in density functional theory (DFT) calculations have been studied previously. However, PP errors on results with spin–orbit coupling and those in time-dependent DFT (TDDFT) calculations have not been reported previously. In this work, we investigate the error of the small-core energy-consistent Stuttgart/Koln pseudopotentials in DFT and TDDFT calculations with and without spin–orbit coupling. Ground state bond lengths, harmonic frequencies, dissociation energies, and vertical excitation energies for a series of closed-shell diatomic heavy and superheavy p-block molecules are calculated using several popular exchange-correlation functionals. PP errors are estimated by comparing with results using the all-electron Dirac–Coulomb (-Gaunt) Hamiltonian. Our results show that the difference between ground state properties and most excitation energies in scalar-relativistic calculations with the PP and those of all-electron calculations is quite small. This difference becomes somewhat larger when spin–orbit coupling (SOC) is present, especially for properties that are affected by SOC to some extent. In addition, the errors of the PPs are insensitive to the employed exchange-correlation functionals in most cases. Our results indicate that reasonable DFT and TDDFT results can be obtained using the small-core energy-consistent Stuttgart/Koln pseudopotentials for heavy and super-heavy p-block molecules.
Integrated optical electric field sensors: humidity stability mechanisms and packaging scheme
Authors: Ma Xinyu , Zhuang Chijie , Wang She , Zeng Rong 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Integrated optical electric field sensors (IOES) play a crucial role in electric field measurement. This paper introduces the principles of the IOES and quantitatively evaluates the impact of humidity on measurement accuracy. Sensors with different levels of hydrophobicity coatings and hygroscopicity shells are fabricated and tested across the relative humidity (RH) range of 25%–95%. Results reveal that humidity stability is primarily influenced by water vapor absorption through the sensor shell, which increases its conductivity. This further results in amplitude deviation and phase shift of the sensor output. To address this, an optimal humidity-stable packaging scheme is proposed, which involves using PEEK shell with room temperature vulcanized fluorinated silicone rubber coating. Compared with uncoated ceramic shell, the phase shift of the IOES reduces from 90∘ to 1∘ under a RH of 90%. The amplitude deviation of electric field measurement decreases from 20% to nearly zero after a 20 h humidity experiment conducted under RH of 90% at 30 ∘C. The proposed packaging scheme could be used to improve the humidity stability of the sensors deployed in outdoor environments, especially on ships and coastal areas.
Underwater sound absorption characteristics of compliant acoustic coatings with adjustable stiffness
Authors: Dong Liqiang , Fan Yanqi , Cui Jin , Li Yuanyuan , Liu Shaogang , Zhao Dan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
A type of compliant acoustic coating with adjustable stiffness is proposed by a combination of a multilayer adjustable stiffness element and a compliant skin. By adjusting its deformation, the stiffness of the acoustic coating switches between different steady levels, thus tuning its underwater sound absorption performance. Based on the series spring model and the effective medium theory, theoretical models are established for describing the adjustable stiffness of the multilayer element and the sound absorption characteristics of the acoustic coating cells. A conceptual coating model is designed, in which the multilayer adjustable stiffness element is composed of three layers of cells with different structural parameters, corresponding to three different stiffness. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulation are carried out to explore the adjustable stiffness characteristics and sound absorption characteristics of the concept model, with the numerical results of the adjustable stiffness and sound absorption characteristics validated experimentally. The influence of structural parameters is investigated, where the limb thickness t is found to present a dominant influence on the stiffness of the multilayer adjustable stiffness element and the increase in stiffness can improve sound absorption performance in the low and middle frequency bands. The conceptual model shows how the idealized conditions considered in this work could turn into functional prototypes of compliant acoustic coatings with adjustable stiffness.
Paralleled Sagnac interferometer and Mach–Zehnder interferometer for enhanced measurements sensitivity based on Vernier effect
Authors: Shi Ruyue , Chen Hailiang , Li Hongwei , Liu Chaoyi , Li Lida , Yang Sigang 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In this paper, Vernier effect was experimentally excited through paralleling Sagnac interferometer (SI) and Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI). SI was fabricated using a 38 cm long panda-shaped polarization maintaining fiber in the Sagnac loop, while MZI was made through tapering a single mode fiber. Experimental results showed that the measurement sensitivities of strain and temperature based on the paralleled SI and MZI were 51.97 pm µϵ
−1 and 2.94 nm °C−1 respectively, which were enhanced by about three times than based on an individual SI whose measurement sensitivities of strain and temperature were 18.24 pm µϵ
−1 and 0.98 nm °C−1 correspondingly. Theoretical analysis of the single interference and paralleled interferences were verified by the experimental results. The proposed sensor shows the advantages of simple in fabrication, high sensitivity, and good hysteresis, is a strong competitor in monitoring the strain and temperature.