bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Poor outcome following revascularization predicted by thromboelastography
Authors: Vig S , Chitolie A , Maurice E , Boa F , Bevan D H , Halliday A , Dormandy J 
Published: March 2003

Abstract

Background
Infrainguinal revascularization procedures are associated with a high risk of graft failure, amputation and early death. Hypercoagulability predicts a poor overall outcome but conventional tests are expensive and results are not immediately available. A cheap, rapid method for identifying hypercoagulability would allow screening before revascularization. Thromboelastography (TEG) is a rapid, reliable, bedside method of assessing whole blood clotting. Normally used to assess hypocoagulability, this study determined the role of TEG in identifying patients with a poor prognosis following revascularization.

Methods
Between November 1998 and January 2000, 106 patients with critical leg ischaemia were admitted for radiological or surgical revascularization (mean age 71 (range 33–90) years). All underwent TEG analysis, standard thrombophilia screening (STS), and fasting homocysteine and fibrinogen assays. All patients were followed for 6 months after revascularization by means of clinical examination, ankle: brachial pressure index (ABPI) and duplex imaging.

Results
At the 6-month follow-up of 106 patients, 29 (27 per cent) had arterial or graft occlusion, five (5 per cent) had died and four (4 per cent) had undergone a major amputation. Analysis of risk factors revealed that a hypercoagulable TEG (P = 0·0009), STS and/or raised fibrinogen level (P = 0·01), and rest pain (P = 0·006) were associated with poor outcome. Other factors such as age, sex, diabetes, current or previous smoking, coronary artery or cerebrovascular disease, hypertension, previous intervention, aspirin or lipid-lowering therapy were not significantly different. In addition, hyperlipidaemia, hyperhomocysteinaemia, raised level of C-reactive protein, eyrthrocyte sedimentation rate, lipoprotein a level, haemocrit, STS or fibrinogen alone were not useful as predictors of poor outcome.

Conclusion
TEG, a rapid inexpensive test of hypercoagulability, is associated with poor outcome following infrainguinal revascularization.
Long-term results of treating hepatic colorectal metastases with cryosurgery
Authors: Ruers T J M , Joosten J , Jager G J , Wobbes T 
Published: March 2003

Abstract

Background
The purpose of this study was to determine the long-term efficacy of cryosurgery as an adjunct to hepatic resection in patients with colorectal liver metastases not amenable to resection alone.

Methods
Thirty patients met the following inclusion criteria: metastases confined to the liver and judged irresectable, ten or fewer metastases, cryosurgery alone or in combination with hepatic resection allowed tumour clearance.

Results
Median follow-up was 26 (range 9–73) months. Overall 1- and 2-year survival rates were 76 and 61 per cent respectively. Median survival was 32 months. Disease-free survival at 1 year was 35 per cent, at 2 years 7 per cent. Six patients developed recurrence at the site of cryosurgery; given that the total number of cryosurgery-treated lesions was 69 the local recurrence rate was 9 per cent.

Conclusion
In patients with colorectal liver metastases, local ablative techniques can be used as an effective adjunct to hepatic resection to obtain tumour clearance.
Prediction of the response to chemoradiation and prognosis in oesophageal squamous cancer
Authors: Kishi K , Doki Y , Miyata H , Yano M , Yasuda T , Monden M 
Published: March 2003

Abstract

Background
The sensitivity of cancer cells to chemotherapy and radiation therapy depends on various biological properties. This study investigated the expression of p53, CDC25B and metallothionein (MT), and evaluated their clinical significance in chemoradiation therapy (CRT) for oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Methods
The expression of p53, CDC25B and MT was evaluated by immunohistochemistry using biopsy specimens taken before CRT for 77 patients with oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma, and correlated with the pathological effects of CRT and survival.

Results
p53-positive tumours and MT-positive tumours had a poor response to CRT, whereas tumours with strong CDC25B expression were associated with a good response. When each patient was scored for the presence of the three biological factors, there was a strong correlation between the sensitivity score and the pathological effect of CRT (P &lt; 0·001), and a (non-significant) difference in the 5-year survival rate between patients with a high score and those with a low score (67 versus 34 per cent respectively; P = 0·12).

Conclusion
The combined evaluation of p53, CDC25B and MT may help to identify patients with advanced oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma who will benefit from preoperative CRT.
Comparative anatomical study of division of the ileocolic pedicle or the superior mesenteric pedicle for mesenteric lengthening
Authors: Martel P , Blanc P , Bothereau H , Malafosse M , Gallot D 
Published: March 2003

Abstract

Background
Lengthening of the mesentery by vascular division may be necessary to perform an ileal pouch–anal anastomosis without tension. The aim of this study was to compare, in fresh cadavers, the increase in mesentery length after division of the ileocolic pedicle (ICP) and the superior mesenteric pedicle (SMP).

Methods
Total colectomy was performed in 12 fresh cadavers, which were then randomly divided into two groups. Pouch–anal anastomosis was performed with division of the ICP in one group of six cadavers and with division of the SMP in the other. The ileum was measured and the increase in length was recorded and compared statistically.

Results
The mean(s.d.) increase in length was 3·0(0·8) cm after ICP division and 6·5(1·1) cm after SMP division (P &lt; 0·001). The distance between the end of the ileum and the point giving the greatest length was 25·5(5·0) cm in the ICP group and 46·8(4·2) cm in SMP group (P &lt; 0·001).

Conclusion
In fresh cadavers, the increase in mesenteric length was greater after SMP division than after ICP division, but if pouch–anal anastomosis is performed a short segment of small bowel must be removed.
Adrenal surgery before and after the introduction of laparoscopic adrenalectomy
Authors: Miccoli P , Raffaelli M , Berti P , Materazzi G , Massi M , Bernini G 
Published: March 2003

Abstract

Background
The widespread introduction of laparoscopic adrenalectomy (LA) may have broadened the indications for a surgical approach to adrenal lesions. The aim of this study was to evaluate how the introduction of the laparoscopic technique changed the profile of patients referred for adrenal surgery.

Methods
Some 243 patients, who underwent adrenal surgery between November 1986 and December 1999, were divided in two groups: patients in group 1 underwent surgery before the introduction of LA (November 1986 to May 1993) and those in group 2 were operated on after the introduction of LA (June 1993 to December 1999). The groups were compared with respect to gender, age, preoperative diagnosis and lesion size.

Results
There were 88 patients in group 1 and 155 in group 2. The mean number of adrenal operations per month was 1·1 during the first period and 2·0 during the second. No differences were found in gender and lesion size. The statistical analysis showed a significant difference in indications for surgery (P = 0·005). The patients in group 2 were older but, after excluding those with metastases, the difference between the two groups was not significant.

Conclusion
The introduction of LA resulted in an increase in the number of patients referred. The criteria for patient selection did not change, but more patients with adrenal metastases and incidentaloma were operated on laparoscopically.
Early reoperation for acute dysphagia following laparoscopic fundoplication
Authors: Bessell J R , Adair W D , Smithers B M , Martin I , Menzies B , Gotley D C 
Published: March 2003

Abstract

Background
A small number of patients develop acute severe dysphagia for which reoperation is necessary within 10 days of laparoscopic fundoplication. The aim of this study was to identify clinical variables that might predict the likelihood of this condition occurring, such that it could be avoided in the future.

Methods
This was a prospective cohort study from three tertiary referral centres, using reoperation for acute dysphagia as the main outcome variable. Gastrointestinal symptom rating scale, and psychological well-being index questionnaires were undertaken before laparoscopic fundoplication, and dysphagia scores were determined before operation and 1 year later. Standard preoperative assessment included gastroscopy, oesophageal manometry and pH studies.

Results
Twelve (1·9 per cent) of the 617 patients suffered acute dysphagia, which was predicted by older age and female sex, and resulted in a longer duration of hospital stay. This condition was not predicted by any other demographic, clinical, investigative or operative variables.

Conclusion
The study did not identify useful criteria by which severe acute dysphagia could be anticipated and thereby avoided following laparoscopic fundoplication.
Randomized clinical trial to determine if delay from time of penetrating colonic injury precludes primary repair
Authors: Kamwendo N Y , Modiba M C M , Matlala N S , Becker P J 
Published: March 2003

Abstract

Background
There is often a delay of more than 12 h in transferring patients with penetrating colonic injury from outlying hospitals to a regional referral centre. The aim of this prospective study was to determine whether primary suture of a penetrating colonic injury in the presence of delayed presentation, shock, peritoneal contamination or associated injuries leads to increased morbidity and mortality rates.

Methods
Patients with penetrating colonic injuries were randomized to primary closure or colostomy. Patients were compared with regard to interval from injury to operation, associated injuries, duration of operation, postoperative complications and hospital stay.

Results
Two hundred and forty patients were seen over a 69-month period. The interval from injury to operation ranged from 3 to 56 h, and was similar in the two treatment groups. Postoperative complications were similar in the two groups but there were significant differences in operation time (mean(s.d.) 127·1(45·8) min for primary repair and 142·3(43·0) min for colostomy; P = 0·009) and length of hospital stay (mean (range) 9 (6–56) versus 26 (13–64) days respectively; P &lt; 0·001).

Conclusion
Delay from time of penetrating colonic injury is not a contraindication to primary repair.
Experience of surgery for rectal cancer with total mesorectal excision in a general surgical practice
Authors: Dowdall J F , Maguire D , McAnena O J 
Published: March 2003

Abstract

Background
Results from specialist centres have shown that total mesorectal excision (TME) produces excellent control of local disease in patients with carcinoma of the rectum.

Methods
The results of TME were reviewed in a surgical practice in which patients with rectal cancer comprised 1 per cent of the total caseload and mean case numbers were less than 15 each year.

Results
Eighty-two consecutive patients underwent rectal excision with TME over a 72-month period (68 anterior resection, eight abdominoperineal excision and six Hartmann's procedure). Sixty-nine operations were deemed ‘curative’ at the time of surgery. Anastomotic leak occurred in two (3 per cent) of 68 patients, both of whom recovered without additional surgery. There were two local recurrences (3 per cent) among 69 patients who underwent ‘curative’ surgery. At a median follow-up of 190 weeks, the survival rate for Dukes' stage A, B, C and ‘D’ was 100, 83, 68 and 18 per cent respectively.

Conclusion
Outcome as measured by perioperative morbidity and local disease control achieved in a surgical practice with a broad case mix and relatively low annual case volume was comparable to that from larger centres. Appropriate surgical training and attention to technical detail may be as important as case volume in determining outcome after surgery for rectal cancer.
p53 functional assays: detecting p53 mutations in both the germline and in sporadic tumours
Authors: Camplejohn R.S. , Rutherford J. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract.The tumour suppressor gene p53 is the gene most often reported to be mutated in clinical cancers with something like half of all tumours harbouring mutations. Further, many studies have suggested that p53 mutations have prognostic importance and sometimes are a significant factor in determining the response of tumours to therapy. The value of knowing the p53 status of individual tumours will increase if currently researched strategies aimed at developing p53‐based treatment protocols come to fruition. There are quite a number of techniques used to detect p53 defects in both tumours and in the germline of cancer‐prone families, although some of these methods are indirect and each has certain drawbacks. In this brief review we will discuss the value of two assays of p53 function as a means of detecting and partly characterizing p53 mutations. The two assays are the apoptotic assay, which measures the response of peripheral blood lymphocytes to radiation‐induced DNA damage and the FASAY, a yeast based assay which assesses the ability of a given p53 protein to transactivate p53 target genes. Both of these assays are rapid, yielding results within 5 days. Further, they not only offer the possibility of detecting p53 mutations but also of characterizing a given mutation in terms of two of p53’s most important functions, namely the induction of apoptosis and the transactivation of target genes.
Extracellular matrix alters the relationship between tritiated thymidine incorporation and proliferation of MC3T3‐E1 cells during osteogenesisin vitro
Authors: Peterson W. J. , Tachiki K. H. , Yamaguchi D. T. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract.Bone cellsin vivoexist in direct contact with extracellular matrix, which regulates their basic biological processes including metabolism, development, growth and differentiation. Thus, thein vitroactivity of cells cultured on tissue culture treated plastic could be different from the activity of cells cultured on their natural substrate. We selected MC3T3‐E1 pre‐osteoblastic cells to study the effect of extracellular matrix on cell proliferation because these cells undergo a progressive developmental sequence of proliferation and differentiation. MC3T3‐E1 cells were cultured on plastic or plastic coated with ECM, fibronectin, collagen type I, BSA or polyl‐lysine and their ability to proliferate was assessed by incorporation of [3H]dT or by enumeration of cells. Our results show that (1) ECM inhibits incorporation of [3H]dT by MC3T3‐E1 cells; (2) collagen type I, but not BSA, polyl‐lysine or fibronectin also inhibits incorporation of [3H]dT; (3) the level of ECM inhibition of [3H]dT incorporation is directly related to the number of cells cultured, but unrelated to the cell cycle distribution or endogenous thymidine content; (4) the kinetic profile of [3H]dT uptake suggest that ECM inhibits transport of [3H]dT from the extracellular medium, and (5) cell counts are similar in cultures whether cells are grown on plastic or ECM. These results suggest that decreased incorporation of [3H]dT by cells cultured on ECM is not reflective of bone cell proliferation.
X‐irradiation effects on thymidine kinase (TK): II. The significance of deoxythymidine triphosphate for inhibition of TK1 activity
Authors: He Q. , Skog S. , Welander I. , Tribukait B. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanism behind the high sensitivity of thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) to X‐irradiation. The deoxythymidine triphosphate (dTTP) pool was studied in mouse ascites tumour cells 1–24 h after X‐irradiation with 5 Gy. Irradiation changed the Michaelis‐Menten kinetics of TK1 from linear to biphasic, showing a negative co‐operativity. These changes were closely related to changes in the dTTP pool. Addition of dTTP to the cell extract of non‐irradiated cells, or thymidine (dTdR) to the culture medium, resulted in changes very similar to the kinetics found in the irradiated cells. Addition of 5¢‐amino‐5¢‐deoxythymidine (5¢‐AdTdR), a thymidine analogue that eliminated the inhibitory effect of dTTP on TK1 activity, completely abolished the irradiation‐induced inhibition of TK1 activity. We suggest that the reduced TK1 activity is mainly due to an elevated intracellular concentration of dTTP.
Exogenous cysteine and cystine promote cell proliferation in CaCo‐2 cells
Authors: Noda T. , Iwakiri R. , Fujimoto K. , Rhoads C. A. , Aw T. Y. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract. Previous studies have shown that intracellular glutathione, a ubiquitous intracellular thiol, is related to cell proliferation and that cysteine or its disulphide form, cystine, also induces cell proliferation. Cysteine is a thiol containing amino acid and a rate‐limiting precursor of glutathione. Therefore, it is still unresolved as to whether the proliferative effect of cysteine or cystine is entirely mediated by a change in the intracellular glutathione status. The objective of this study was to delineate the relationship among cysteine/cystine (thereafter referred to as cyst(e)ine), intracellular glutathione and cell proliferation in the human colon cancer CaCo‐2 cell line. CaCo‐2 cells were cultured in cyst(e)ine‐free Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium without serum, and treated with 200 µm cysteine and/or 200–400 µm cystine for 24 h. In the presence of DL‐buthionine‐[S, R]‐sulfoximine (BSO), a glutathione synthesis inhibitor, exogenously administered cyst(e)ine did not change the intracellular glutathione content, but increased the intracellular cysteine as well as cystine level. Addition of exogenous cyst(e)ine following 5 mm BSO treatment significantly increased cell proliferation as measured by 3H‐thymidine incorporation and protein content. Cell cycle analyses revealed that cyst(e)ine promoted cell progression from the G1 phase to the S phase. Correspondingly, cyst(e)ine treatment induced expression of cyclin D1 and phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein (Rb). In conclusion, these data indicate that both cysteine and cystine have proliferative effects in CaCo‐2 cells independent of an increase in intracellular glutathione. Induction of cyclin D1, phosphorylation of Rb, and subsequent facilitation of G1‐to‐S phase transition were involved in the proliferative effect of exogenous cyst(e)ine.
Cell kinetic studies in the murine ventral tongue epithelium: thymidine metabolism studies and circadian rhythm determination
Authors: Potten C. S. , Booth D. , Cragg N. J. , Tudor G. L. , O'Shea J. A. , Appleton D. , Barthel D. , Gerike T. G. , Meineke F. A. , Loeffler M. , Booth C. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract.  The oral mucosa is a rapidly replacing body tissue that has received relatively little attention in terms of defining its cell kinetics and cellular organization. The tissue is sensitive to the effects of cytotoxic agents, the consequence of which can be stem cell death with the subsequent development of ulcers and the symptoms of oral mucositis. There is considerable interest in designing strategies to protect oral stem cells and, hence, reduce the mucositis side‐effects in cancer therapy patients. Here we present details of a new histometric approach designed to investigate the changing patterns in cellularity in the ventral tongue mucosa. This initial paper in a series of four papers presents observations on the changing patterns in the labelling index following tritiated thymidine administration, which suggest a delayed uptake of tritiated thymidine from a long‐term intracellular thymidine pool, a phenomenon that will complicate cell kinetic interpretations in a variety of experimental situations. We also provide data on the changing pattern of mitotic activity through a 24‐h period (circadian rhythms). Using vincristine‐induced stathmokinesis, the data indicate that 54% of the basal cells divide each day and that there is a high degree of synchrony in mitotic activity with a mitotic peak occurring around 13.00 h. The mitotic circadian peak occurs 9‐12 h after the circadian peak in DNA synthesis. The data presented here and in the subsequent papers could be interpreted to indicate that basal cells of BDF1 mice have an average turnover time of about 26‐44 h with some cells cycling once a day and others with a 2‐ or 3‐day cell cycle time.
Cell kinetic studies in murine ventral tongue epithelium: cell cycle progression studies using double labelling techniques
Authors: Potten C. S. , Booth D. , Cragg N. J. , O'Shea J. A. , Tudor G. L. , Booth C. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract. The dorsal and ventral epithelia on the murine tongue exhibit very pronounced circadian rhythms in terms of the cell cycle. These rhythms are such that three injections of tritiated thymidine 3 h apart spanning the circadian peak in S phase cells labelled between 40 and 50% of the basal cells. Injection of bromodeoxyuridine generally gave slightly lower labelling indices. Approximately the same proportion (54% of the basal cells) could be accumulated in metaphase over a 24‐h period using vincristine as a stathmokinetic agent. The experiments reported here using mouse ventral tongue epithelium use double‐labelling approaches to address the question: what proportion of the approximately 50% of the basal cells that are proliferating have a 24‐h cell cycle and can therefore be labelled by a similar labelling protocol the following day? The results suggest a heterogeneity amongst the proliferating basal cells, similar to the heterogeneity proposed for the dorsal tongue epithelium. Although not all the basal component has been accounted for, the data presented here suggest that about 20% of the basal cells may have a cell cycle time of 24 h, about 30% appear to have a longer cell cycle time (48 or 72 h), while about 20% of the basal cells appear to be postmitotic maturing G1 cells, awaiting the appropriate signals for migration into the suprabasal layer.