bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feasibility and diagnostic performance of sentinel node biopsy for staging cN0 oral squamous cell carcinoma in a previously treated neck
Authors: Mørch Therese , Tvedskov Jesper F. , Wessel Irene , Charabi Birgitte W. , Jakobsen Kathrine K. , Grønhøj Christian , Kiss Katalin , Lelkaitis Giedrius , Mortensen Jann , Kjaer Andreas , von Buchwald Christian , Christensen Anders 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectivesStaging of the cN0 neck with sentinel node biopsy (SNB) in early‐stage oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is validated in patients with a previously untreated neck. We aimed to investigate the feasibility and diagnostic accuracy of SNB and unexpected drainage patterns in patients with cT1‐T2N0 OSCC and a history of previous head and neck cancer comprising treatment of the neck, that is, surgery, radiotherapy, or both.MethodsFifty patients with a previously treated neck diagnosed with a new primary or recurrent cN0 OSCC between 2014 and 2021 were included and retrospectively analyzed. Feasibility was assessed by the rate of successfully performed SNB neck staging procedures. Based on follow‐up data, the diagnostic performance of SNB was evaluated by calculation of negative predictive value (NPV) and false omission rate (FOR).ResultsA SNB staging procedure was successfully performed in 76% (38/50) of the patients. Technical failures were due to the lack of drainage preoperatively or failure in intraoperative SN detection. In patients successfully staged with SNB, the rate of a positive SN was 13% (5/38). In the SNB‐negative group, no patients were diagnosed with a regional node recurrence during follow‐up, and the NPV and FOR were 100% and 0%, respectively. Unexpected lymphatic drainage occurred in 32% (12/38) of the patients.ConclusionSNB is technically feasible in cT1‐2N0 OSCC patients with a previously treated neck with a high diagnostic accuracy. Importantly, SNB enables the detection of individual and unexpected lymphatic drainage patterns.
The Need for Sustainable Agricultural Land-Use Systems: Benefits from Integrated Agroforestry Systems
Authors: Veste Maik , Sheppard Jonathan P. , Abdulai Issaka , Ayisi Kwabena K. , Borrass Lars , Chirwa Paxie W. , Funk Roger , Kapinga Kondwani , Morhart Christopher , Mwale Saul E. , Ndlovu Nicholas P. , Nyamadzaw George , Nyoka Betserai I. , Sebola Patricia , Seifert Thomas , Senyolo Mmapatla P. , Sileshi Gudeta W. , Syampungani Stephen , Kahle Hans-Peter 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis chapter introduces the different agroforestry systems (AFSs) as part of the diversification of agricultural landscapes and gives examples of their use in different related crop production systems in southern Africa. The introduction of trees into agriculture has several benefits and can mitigate the effects of climate change. For example nitrogen-fixing trees and shrubs contribute significantly to nutrient recycling and benefit soil conservation, which is particularly important for smallholder farms. In addition, shelterbelts play an important role in reducing wind speeds, and thus, evapotranspiration, and modifying the microclimatic conditions, which is an important factor for the adaptation of cropping systems to climate change. These integrated AFS landscapes provide important ecosystem services for soil protection, food security and for biodiversity. However, deficiencies in the institutional and policy frameworks that underlie the adoption and stimulus of AFS in the southern African region were identified. Furthermore, the following factors must be considered to optimise AFS: (1) selection of tree species that ensure maximum residual soil fertility beyond 3 years, (2) size of land owned by the farmer, (3) integrated nutrition management, where organic resources are combined with synthetic inorganic fertilisers and (4) tree-crop competition in the root zone for water.
Effective brane field theory with higher-form symmetry
Authors: Hidaka Yoshimasa , Kawana Kiyoharu 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We propose an effective field theory for branes with higher-form symmetry as a generalization of ordinary Landau theory, which is an extension of the previous work by Iqbal and McGreevy for one-dimensional objects to an effective theory for p-dimensional objects. In the case of a p-form symmetry, the fundamental field ψ[Cp] is a functional of p-dimensional closed brane Cp embedded in a spacetime. As a natural generalization of ordinary field theory, we call this theory the brane field theory. In order to construct an action that is invariant under higher-form transformation, we generalize the idea of area derivative for one-dimensional objects to higher-dimensional ones. Following this, we discuss various fundamental properties of the brane field based on the higher-form invariant action. It is shown that the classical solution exhibits the area law in the unbroken phase of U(1) p-form symmetry, while it indicates a constant behavior in the broken phase for the large volume limit of Cp. In the latter case, the low-energy effective theory is described by the p-form Maxwell theory. We also discuss brane-field theories with a discrete higher-form symmetry and show that the low-energy effective theory becomes a BF-type topological field theory, resulting in topological order. Finally, we present a concrete brane-field model that describes a superconductor from the point of view of higher-form symmetry.
Twisted Fibrations in M/F-theory
Authors: Anderson Lara B. , Gray James , Oehlmann Paul-Konstantin 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In this work we investigate 5-dimensional theories obtained from M-theory on genus one fibered threefolds which exhibit twisted algebras in their fibers. We provide a base-independent algebraic description of the threefolds and compute light 5D BPS states charged under finite sub-algebras of the twisted algebras. We further construct the Jacobian fibrations that are associated to 6-dimensional F-theory lifts, where the twisted algebra is absent. These 6/5-dimensional theories are compared via twisted circle reductions of F-theory to M-theory. In the 5-dimensional theories we discuss several geometric transitions that connect twisted with untwisted fibrations. We present detailed discussions of $$ {\mathfrak{e}}_6^{(2)} $$

e
6

2

, $$ {\mathfrak{so}}_8^{(3)} $$

so
8

3

and $$ {\mathfrak{su}}_3^{(2)} $$

su
3

2

twisted fibers and provide several explicit example threefolds via toric constructions. Finally, limits are considered in which gravity is decoupled, including Little String Theories for which we match 2-group symmetries across twisted T-dual theories.
Six-year outcomes of robot-assisted radical prostatectomy versus volumetric modulated arc therapy for localized prostate cancer: A propensity score-matched analysis
Authors: Noda Michio , Taguchi Satoru , Shiraishi Kenshiro , Fujimura Tetsuya , Naito Akihiro , Kawai Taketo , Kamei Jun , Akiyama Yoshiyuki , Yamada Yuta , Sato Yusuke , Yamada Daisuke , Nakagawa Tohru , Yamashita Hideomi , Nakagawa Keiichi , Abe Osamu , Fukuhara Hiroshi , Kume Haruki 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Although robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) and intensity-modulated radiotherapy are the leading respective techniques of prostatectomy and radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer, almost no study has directly compared their outcomes; none have compared mortality outcomes.

Methods
We compared 6‑year outcomes of RARP (n = 500) and volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT, a rotational intensity-modulated radiotherapy, n = 360) in patients with cT1-4N0M0 prostate cancer. We assessed oncological outcomes, namely overall survival (OS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), radiological recurrence-free survival (rRFS), and biochemical recurrence-free survival (bRFS), using propensity score matching (PSM). We also assessed treatment-related complication outcomes of prostatectomy and radiotherapy.

Results
The median follow-up duration was 79 months (> 6 years). PSM generated a matched cohort of 260 patients (130 per treatment group). In the matched cohort, RARP and VMAT showed equivalent results for OS, CSS, and rRFS: both achieved excellent 6‑year outcomes for OS (> 96%), CSS (> 98%), and rRFS (> 91%). VMAT had significantly longer bRFS than RARP, albeit based on different definitions of biochemical recurrence. Regarding complication outcomes, patients who underwent RARP had minimal (2.6%) severe perioperative complications and achieved excellent continence recovery (91.6 and 68.8% of the patients achieved ≤ 1 pad/day and pad-free, respectively). Patients who underwent VMAT had an acceptable rate (20.0%) of grade ≥ 2 genitourinary complications and a very low rate (4.4%) of grade ≥ 2 gastrointestinal complications.

Conclusion
On the basis of PSM after a 6-year follow-up, RARP and VMAT showed equivalent and excellent oncological outcomes, as well as acceptable complication profiles.
Modification of plywood with phenol–formaldehyde resin: substitution of phenol by pyrolysis cleavage products of softwood kraft lignin
Authors: Karthäuser Johannes , Raskop Salomé , Slabohm Maik , Militz Holger 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe modification by impregnation of veneers for the production of plywood with phenol–formaldehyde resins is a well-known method to improve the dimensional stability and fungal resistance. Because phenol is obtained from non-renewable resources, finding substitutes has been a topic of research. Due to similarities in chemical structure and availability, lignin cleavage products present a promising alternative. In this study, microwave-assisted pyrolysis cleavage products of softwood kraft lignin have been used to substitute 30% of phenol in phenol–formaldehyde resins. Scots pine veneers were impregnated with the resin, and five-layered plywoods were produced. The influence of the substitution on the bonding quality, the dimensional stability, and the leaching of resin from the specimens were studied. Mechanical properties such as the bending strength, the modulus of elasticity, as well as the dynamic impact bending strength of the plywood were analyzed. Both treatments led to plywood with good dimensional stability, and the resin was stable against leaching. The substitution of phenol with lignin cleavage products led to slightly reduced brittleness of the specimens compared to pure phenol–formaldehyde resin. This study presents a method to reduce the use of non-renewable resources, increase the use of currently underutilized lignin sources, and produce plywood with promising properties for exterior applications.
2H-NMR study of molecular reorientation of D2O confined into the slit-shaped micropores of activated carbon fiber
Authors: Asada Takumi , Iwatsuki Rin , Iiyama Taku , Ueda Takahiro 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHerein, the reorientation of heavy water (D2O) molecules adsorbed in the slit-type micropores of activated carbon fibers is investigated using the 2H-nuclear magnetic resonance technique. The rotational correlation times (τc) of D2O are evaluated from the 2H spin–lattice relaxation time (T1). The obtained τc values are significantly influenced by both the pore-filling ratio (ϕ) and temperature, thus suggesting that the adsorption of D2O into activated carbon fibers (ACF) effectively influences the reorientation of the D2O molecules within the ACF. The reorientational motion of D2O is examined by the extended jump model. According to this model, the nanoconfinement effect, which results from the reduction in free volume around D2O, is attributed to the transition-state excluded volume effect, whereas the effect of hydrogen bonding between the D2O and surface functional groups is attributed to the transition-state hydrogen bonding effects. Furthermore, the dependence of τc on ϕ is explained by the chemical exchange between the pore surface adsorption sites and the central space of the pore. Thus, the dynamic behavior of adsorbed D2O molecules reveals the mechanism of D2O adsorption into the ACF micropores.
Standardized validation of vehicle routing algorithms
Authors: Jastrzab Tomasz , Myller Michal , Tulczyjew Lukasz , Blocho Miroslaw , Kawulok Michal , Czornik Adam , Nalepa Jakub 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDesigning routing schedules is a pivotal aspect of smart delivery systems. Therefore, the field has been blooming for decades, and numerous algorithms for this task have been proposed for various formulations of rich vehicle routing problems. There is, however, an important gap in the state of the art that concerns the lack of an established and widely-adopted approach toward thorough verification and validation of such algorithms in practical scenarios. We tackle this issue and propose a comprehensive validation approach that can shed more light on functional and non-functional abilities of the solvers. Additionally, we propose novel similarity metrics to measure the distance between the routing schedules that can be used in verifying the convergence abilities of randomized techniques. To reflect practical aspects of intelligent transportation systems, we introduce an algorithm for elaborating solvable benchmark instances for any vehicle routing formulation, alongside the set of quality metrics that help quantify the real-life characteristics of the delivery systems, such as their profitability. The experiments prove the flexibility of our approach through utilizing it to the NP-hard pickup and delivery problem with time windows, and present the qualitative, quantitative, and statistical analysis scenarios which help understand the capabilities of the investigated techniques. We believe that our efforts will be a step toward the more critical and consistent evaluation of emerging vehicle routing (and other) solvers, and will allow the community to easier confront them, thus ultimately focus on the most promising research avenues that are determined in the quantifiable and traceable manner.
When graph convolution meets double attention: online privacy disclosure detection with multi-label text classification
Authors: Liang Zhanbo , Guo Jie , Qiu Weidong , Huang Zheng , Li Shujun 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWith the rise of Web 2.0 platforms such as online social media, people’s private information, such as their location, occupation and even family information, is often inadvertently disclosed through online discussions. Therefore, it is important to detect such unwanted privacy disclosures to help alert people affected and the online platform. In this paper, privacy disclosure detection is modeled as a multi-label text classification (MLTC) problem, and a new privacy disclosure detection model is proposed to construct an MLTC classifier for detecting online privacy disclosures. This classifier takes an online post as the input and outputs multiple labels, each reflecting a possible privacy disclosure. The proposed presentation method combines three different sources of information, the input text itself, the label-to-text correlation and the label-to-label correlation. A double-attention mechanism is used to combine the first two sources of information, and a graph convolutional network is employed to extract the third source of information that is then used to help fuse features extracted from the first two sources of information. Our extensive experimental results, obtained on a public dataset of privacy-disclosing posts on Twitter, demonstrated that our proposed privacy disclosure detection method significantly and consistently outperformed other state-of-the-art methods in terms of all key performance indicators.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mortality in Sweden—Did it differ across socioeconomic groups?
Authors: Norström Thor , Ramstedt Mats 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe characterization of the socioeconomic profile of COVID-19 mortality is limited. Likewise, the mapping of potential indirect adverse outcomes of the pandemic, such as suicide and alcohol abuse, along socioeconomic lines is still meagre. The main aim of this paper is to (i) depict SES-differences in COVID-19 mortality, and (ii) to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on suicide and alcohol mortality across socioeconomic groups. We used Swedish monthly data spanning the period January 2016–December 2021. We chose education as indicator of socioeconomic status (SES). The following causes of deaths were included in the analysis: COVID-19, all-cause mortality excluding COVID-19, suicide and a composite index of alcohol-specific deaths. SARIMA-modelling was used to assess the impact of the pandemic on suicide and alcohol-specific mortality. Two alternative measures of the pandemic were used: (1) a dummy that was coded 1 during the pandemic (March 2020 and onwards), and 0 otherwise, and (2) the Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker’s Stringency Index. There was a marked SES-gradient in COVID-19 mortality in the working-age population (25–64) which was larger than for other causes of death. A SES-gradient was also found in the old-age population, but this gradient did not differ from the gradient for other causes of death. The outcome from the SARIMA time-series analyses suggested that the pandemic did not have any impact on suicide or alcohol-specific mortality in any of the educational and gender groups.
How to bridge the last mile in agro-climate service adoption? The importance of farmers’ needs, attitudes and interpersonal relations in understanding impact pathways
Authors: Luu Thi Thu Giang , Luedeling Eike , Biber-Freudenberger Lisa , Whitney Cory 
Published: January 2024

AbstractClimate services can support multiple Sustainable Development Goals. However, in agricultural contexts, the “last-mile” delivery of agro-climate services (ACS) struggles with numerous barriers that prevent smallholder farmers from receiving crucial information. We sought to assess the processes by which farmers adopt ACS in order to support the scaling of ACS. We developed a procedure to serve as a rapid test to provide an overview of impact pathway relations in ACS adoption. We generated ACS adoption pathways through focus group discussions, quantified the overall adoption rate and tested relationships between factors and their causal influence on adoption. To showcase our method, we used the case study of CARE in Vietnam (CVN), a non-governmental organization attempting to improve the provision of ACS to smallholder farmers since 2015. In CVN’s projects, ACS were co-generated and subsequently delivered to farmers through structured meetings or on an ad-hoc basis in village meetings. We found that farmers who participated in structured groups were very likely to demand, access, read, discuss, understand, positively perceive and adopt ACS and recommend them to peers. About half of the farmers in non-structured groups continued to have difficulties understanding ACS. Nevertheless, these farmers still had a positive attitude toward ACS. While different impact pathways were attributed to the two groups, they still shared similar adoption rates (98%). The results suggest that adoption of ACS at a critical mass might be sufficient to trigger systemic changes within social groups and interactions between its members. Employing a pathway approach can be beneficial for designing and evaluating development interventions.
Left atrial posterior wall isolation using pulsed-field ablation: procedural characteristics, safety, and mid-term outcomes
Authors: Badertscher Patrick , Mannhart Diego , Weidlich Simon , Krisai Philipp , Voellmin Gian , Osswald Stefan , Knecht Sven , Sticherling Christian , Kühne Michael 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Non-pulmonary vein (PV) ablation targets such as posterior wall isolation (PWI) have been tested in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation (AF). Pulsed-field ablation (PFA) offers a novel ablation technology possibly able to overcome the obstacles of incomplete PWI and concerns of damage to adjacent structures compared to thermal energy sources. Our aim was to assess procedural characteristics, safety, and mid-term outcomes of patients undergoing PWI using PFA in a clinical setting.

Methods
Patients undergoing PFA-PVI with PWI were included. First-pass isolation was controlled using a multipolar mapping catheter.

Results
One hundred consecutive patients were included (median age 69 [IQR 63–75] years, 33 females (33%), left atrial size 43 [IQR 39–47] mm, paroxysmal AF 24%). Median procedure time was 66 (IQR 59–77) min, and fluoroscopy time was 11 (8–14) min. PWI using PFA was achieved in 100% of patients with a median of 19 applications (IQR 14–26). There were no major complications. Overall, in 15 patients (15%), recurrent AF/AT was noted during a median follow-up of 144 (94–279) days.

Conclusions
PWI using PFA appears safe and results in high acute isolation rates and high arrhythmia survival during mid-term follow-up. Further randomized trials are essential and warranted.

Graphical abstract
Broken wills and ill beliefs: Szaszianism, expressivism, and the doubly value-laden nature of mental disorder
Authors: Núñez de Prado-Gordillo Miguel 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCritical psychiatry has recently echoed Szasz’s longstanding concerns about medical understandings of mental distress. According to Szaszianism, the analogy between mental and somatic disorders is illegitimate because the former presuppose psychosocial and ethical norms, whereas the latter merely involve deviations from natural ones. So-called “having-it-both-ways” views have contested that social norms and values play a role in both mental and somatic healthcare, thus rejecting that the influence of socio-normative considerations in mental healthcare compromises the analogy between mental and somatic disorders. This paper has two goals. Firstly, I argue that having-it-both-ways views fail to provide a compelling answer to Szasz’s challenge. The reason is that what is essential to Szasz’s argument is not that mental disorder attributions involve value judgements, but that mental attributions in general do. Mental disorders are thus doubly value-laden and, qua mental, only metaphorically possible. To illustrate this, I construe Szasz’s view and Fulford’s having-it-both-ways approach as endorsing two different kinds of expressivism about mental disorders, pointing out their different implications for the analysis of delusions. Secondly, I argue, against Szaszianism, that Szasz’s rejection of the analogy is relatively irrelevant for discussions about the appropriateness of medicalizing mental distress. Specifically, I draw from socio-normative approaches to the psychopathology/social deviance distinction and mad and neurodiversity literature to argue that a) it is still possible to distinguish social deviance from psychopathology once we reject the analogy; and b) that both medicalizing and normalizing attitudes to mental distress can harmfully wrong people from relevant collectives.
Why a Gricean-style defense of the vacuous truth of counterpossibles won’t work, but a defense based on heuristics just might
Authors: Puczyłowski Tomasz 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCounterpossibles are counterfactuals with an impossible antecedent. According to the orthodox view of counterfactuals, all counterpossibles are vacuously true. This is puzzling because some counterpossible statements seem to be false. The paper analyzes two approaches to explaining why certain counterpossibles, though perhaps true, may appear to be false. The first, which appeals to the Gricean mechanism of conversational implicatures, asserts that some counterpossibles appear to be false because their assertion carries with it a false conversational implicature. However, I argue that, under a closer scrutiny, this approach collapses. I therefore turn to a second approach, proposed by Timothy Williamson. It appeals to a heuristic according to which speakers may regard a counterpossible to be false if they have previously accepted its opposite. Since the applicability of Williamson’s solution is limited, I suggest a more general account. Its underlining idea is that a counterpossible is rejected if the speaker cannot find what they regard as a universally true conditional function derivable from the counterpossible by substitutions and syntactic transformations.