bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visualising the activity of the cystine‐glutamate antiporter in glial cells using antibodies to aminoadipic acid, a selectively transported substrate
Authors: Pow David V. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe cystine‐glutamate antiporter is a transport system that facilitates the uptake of cystine, concomitant with the release of glutamate. The cystine accumulated by this transporter is generally considered for use in the formation of the cysteine‐containing antioxidant glutathione, which is abundant in many glial cells. This study used the simple strategy of generating an antibody to aminoadipic acid, a selective substrate for the cystine‐glutamate antiporter. Stereospecific accumulation of aminoadipic acid into specific cell types in rat brain slice preparations was detected immunocytochemically. Strong accumulation was detected in astroglial cells in all brain regions studied including those in white matter tracts. Strong accumulation into radial glial cells, including the retinal Müller cells and the Bergmann glial cells was also observed. Glial accumulation was observed not only in cells within the blood brain barrier, but also outside such; anterior pituitary folliculostellate cell and intermediate lobe pituitary glial cells exhibited strong accumulation of aminoadipic acid. Interestingly, some glial cells such as the posterior pituitary glial cells (pituicytes) exhibited very little if any accumulation of aminoadipic acid. Within the brain labelling was not uniform. Particularly strong labelling was noted in some regions, such as the glial cells surrounding the CA1 pyramidal cells. By contrast, neurons never exhibited uptake of aminoadipic acid. Because cystine uptake is associated with glutamate release, it is suggested that this antiporter might contribute to release of glutamate from glial cells under some pathophysiological conditions. GLIA 34:27–38, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mechanical trauma induces rapid astroglial activation of ERK/MAP kinase: Evidence for a paracrine signal
Authors: Mandell James W. , Gocan Nigel C. , Vandenberg Scott R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAstrogliosis is a prominent and ubiquitous reaction of astrocytes to many forms of CNS injury, often implicated in the poor regenerative capacity of the adult mammalian CNS. Transmembrane signals that rapidly trigger and maintain astroglial responses to injury are largely undefined. Several candidate inducers of astrogliosis, including growth factors and neuropeptides, act via the extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK)/mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. We previously observed chronically activated ERK/MAPK in human reactive astrocytes. To investigate mechanisms of pathway activation in a defined in vitro model, primary cultured astroglial monolayers were subjected to focal mechanical injury. Within 2–10 min, ERK/MAPK was activated, but only in cells near the wound edge. By 30 min, the entire monolayer showed activation, which persisted for 4 to 8 h. ERK/MAPK activation was specifically blocked by application of the MEK inhibitors, PD98059 and U0126. Cell‐cell contact was not necessary for intercellular spread of ERK/MAPK activation, and ERK/MAPK‐stimulating activity was found in the injury‐conditioned medium. The activating factor was shown to have a native size of 50–100 kD and did not signal through the classical EGF receptor. Injury‐induced signaling to ERK/MAPK required Ras, as demonstrated by specific blockade after transient transfection with a dominant negative Ha‐RasN17 construct. Finally, we demonstrated that focal lesioning of adult rat cortex induces a rapid activation and spreading of astroglial ERK/MAPK, suggesting that similar mechanisms may operate in astroglial activation following acute brain injury. GLIA 34:283–295, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Psychotic (delusional) major depression in late life: a clinical study
Authors: Gournellis Rossetos , Lykouras Lefteris , Fortos Andreas , Oulis Panagiotis , Roumbos Vassilis , Christodoulou George N. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAn Erratum has been published for this article in International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 16(11) 2001, 1085–1091.
BackgroundPsychotic (delusional) major depression (PMD) in the elderly is a common condition in inpatient settings. There is evidence that late age onset depressives are more likely to be psychotic.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate the frequency, sociodemographic, and clinical characteristics of PMD in hospitalized elderly depressives.MethodsThe sample consisted of 118 elderly patients consecutively admitted at three different clinics. All patients fulfilled DSM‐IV criteria for major depression disorder and were diagnosed on the basis of Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‐IV (SCID). The subjects were also assessed using the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and a physical health rating scale.ResultsPMD was positively associated with age of onset of depression. The PMD patients were also more severely depressed, more psychomotorically retarded and referred more past psychotic depressive episodes. Furthermore, age at onset influenced the type of delusions, so that PMD patients with aged over 60 at onset expressed delusions of hypochondriacal and nihilistic content more frequently.ConclusionsThe results of our study demonstrated that PMD in the elderly has a later age at onset. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural and 31P NMR solution studies on some cyclic triphosphenium ions and their 2‐arsa‐analogues
Authors: Barnham Rachel J. , Deng Robert M. K. , Dillon Keith B. , Goeta Andrés E. , Howard Judith A. K. , Puschmann Horst 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSeveral new cyclic triphosphenium ions and their 2‐arsa‐analogues have been identified in solution by 31P NMR spectroscopy. The crystal and molecular structures of the cations 1a,b, as their hexachlorostannate (IV) salts have shown that the five membered heterocyclic rings are planar, whereas the cation 9b as its diphosphanedioxide‐bis[pentachlorostannate(IV)] salt is nonplanar, like its saturated phosphorus counterpart. magnified image © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 12:501–510, 2001
Calix[4]arenes bearing α‐amino‐ or α‐hydroxyphosphonic acid fragments at the upper rim
Authors: Solovyov Andrew , Cherenok Sergey , Tsymbal Ivan , Failla Salvatore , Consiglio Giuseppe A. , Finocchiaro Paolo , Kalchenko Vitaly 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBy the reaction of para‐formylcalix[4]arenes 1–6 with trialkyl phosphites in the presence of dry hydrogen chloride, calix[4]arenes 7–13 possessing dialkylphosphoryl‐hydroxymethyl groupings at the upper rim were synthesized. Calix[4]arenes 18–23 functionalized with dialkylphosphoryl‐alkyl(aryl)aminomethyl groups were obtained by sodium‐promoted addition of dialkyl phosphites to C=N bonds of para‐iminocalix[4]arenes 14–17.The consecutive treatment of α‐hydroxy‐ or α‐aminophosphonic acid dialkyl esters of calix[4]arenes 7, 10, 18, and 21 with bromotrimethylsilane and methanol gave dihydroxyphosphoryl derivatives of calix[4]arenes 24–27.It was shown that calix[4]arenes bearing at the macrocyclic upper rim hydroxymethylphosphonic fragments, as well as bis‐hydroxymethyl(aminomethyl)phosphonic fragments, are able to undergo self‐assembly with formation of dimeric OH···O=P hydrogen bonded associates. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 12:58–67, 2001
Morality and the limits of societal values in health care allocation
Authors: Walker Rebecca L. , Siegel Andrew W. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this paper, we consider whether there is a clear moral justification for the proposal that societal value preferences (SVPs) should be included in Cost Effectiveness Analyses (CEA) of health care resource allocations. We argue, first, that proponents of the use of SVPs need to be clear about the relationship between these values and moral principles. In particular, once moral principles are accepted as ruling out some SVPs (such as those that are irrational or revealing prejudice), an account is required of why we need to appeal to SVPs rather than moral principles to determine a just division of health care resources. Secondly, we consider whether an independent moral justification might underwrite the use of SVPs. In various places in the literature the notions of representation, presumed consent and democratic decision making appear to be invoked as candidates for fulfilling this justificatory role. We discuss some problems with each of these justifications in the hope of eliciting a more comprehensive proposal from the proponents of SVPs. We conclude that, although a number of interesting proposals have been made, no compelling justification for including SVPs in CEA has yet been systematically articulated. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of xerostomia on perception and performance of swallow function
Authors: Logemann Jeri A. , Smith Christina H. , Pauloski Barbara Roa , Rademaker Alfred W. , Lazarus Cathy L. , Colangelo Laura A. , Mittal Bharat , MacCracken Ellen , Gaziano Joy , Stachowiak Linda , Newman Lisa A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundHead and neck cancer treatment with high‐dose chemoradiation may cause xerostomia and affect the patient's perception of swallowing ability.MethodWhole saliva production was measured in 36 patients with advanced‐stage cancer of the oropharynx before treatment and 3 months after treatment by weighing a 4 × 4 inch gauze before and after a 2‐minute chewing period. Presence of multiple eating difficulties was measured by patient interview. Swallowing was examined videofluorographically (VFG).ResultsSaliva weight decreased from a mean (SEM) of 5.1 (0.5) g pretreatment to 1.4 (0.5) g after treatment (p< .0001). At 3 months, significantly more patients perceived difficulty swallowing, dry mouth, needing water while eating, food stuck in the mouth or throat, and change in taste. Saliva weight was not correlated with VFG measures of bolus transit or observations of residue.ConclusionsChemoradiation treatment results in xerostomia and a significant increase in patient perception of swallowing difficulties. Saliva weight in patients who perceive swallowing problems was lower. Xerostomia did not affect the physiologic aspects of bolus transport. Xerostomia affected the sensory process and comfort of eating more than bolus transport. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Head Neck 23: 317–321, 2001.
Investigation of nonclassical effects during fast transient mass diffusion
Authors: Huai Xiu‐lan , Jiang Ren‐qiu , Liu Deng‐ying , Meng Qun 
Published: August 2002

AbstractExperiments on fast transient mass diffusion between a NaCl solution and pure water were conducted. The speed of mass propagation, the concentration profiles, and other quantities were determined experimentally. A physical mechanism that is different from the description of classical diffusion law was revealed by the experiments, and a related theoretical analysis was also made. The results indicate that the calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental data. The modified Fick's formulation more realistically reflects the characteristics of fast transient mass diffusion. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Heat Trans Asian Res, 31(1): 1–6, 2002
Kinetics of solute acquisition from the dissolution of suspended sediment in subglacial channels
Authors: Brown Giles H. , Hubbard Bryn , Seagren Andrew G. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTwenty five laboratory dissolution experiments have been conducted to quantify rates of solute acquisition, measured as Ca2+ concentration against time, from glacigenic sediments suspended in cold, dilute waters. Suspended sediment character was constrained by field‐calibrated ranges of both concentration in meltwater (g cm−3) and specific surface area by sediment mass (cm2 g−1). This constraint yielded, for the first time in a glacier hydrochemical study, dissolution rate data as a function of the specific sediment surface area by water volume (cm2 cm−3). The resulting experimental data are used to calibrate a kinetic dissolution model, where the rate of solute acquisition is considered in terms of three parameters: an initial concentration C0, reflecting rapid ion‐exchange reactions; an ultimate steady‐state concentration Cs; and a rate parameter k. Results indicate an excellent fit between the laboratory‐measured Ca2+ concentrations and model output, with goodness‐of‐fit, expressed as χ2, reducing in all cases to less than 1·7 × 10−14 following iterative curve fitting for each experiment. Plotting the resulting best‐fit equation parameters against specific surface area by water volume reveals a strong positive relationship for both C0 and Cs, respectively yielding straight‐line slopes of 4·2 × 10−8 (R2 = 0·88) and 1·2 × 10−7 (R2 = 0·77). However, k was found to be insensitive to changes in specific surface area by water volume (R2 = 0·00), largely reflecting the dominance of variability in C0 and Cs in this model. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of soil infiltration rates in burned and unburned mountainous watersheds
Authors: Martin Deborah A. , Moody John A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSteady‐state infiltration measurements were made at mountainous sites in New Mexico and Colorado, USA, with volcanic and granitic soils after wildfires and at comparable unburned sites. We measured infiltration in the New Mexico volcanic soils under two vegetation types, ponderosa pine and mixed conifer, and in the Colorado granitic soils under ponderosa pine vegetation. These measurements were made within high‐severity burn areas using a portable infiltrometer with a 0·017 m2 infiltration area and artificial rainfall rates ranging from 97 to 440 mm h−1. Steady‐state infiltration rates were less at all burned sites relative to unburned sites. The volcanic soil with ponderosa pine vegetation showed the greatest difference in infiltration rates with a ratio of steady‐state infiltration rate in burned sites to unburned soils equal to 0·15. Volcanic soils with mixed conifer vegetation had a ratio (burned to unburned soils) of at most 0·38, and granitic soils with ponderosa pine vegetation had a ratio of 0·38. Steady‐state infiltration rates on unburned volcanic and granitic soils with ponderosa pine vegetation are not statistically different. We present data on the particle‐size distribution at all the study sites and examples of wetting patterns produced during the infiltration experiments. Published in 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantitative and qualitative evaluation of neuromotor behaviour in children with a specific speech and language disorder
Authors: Noterdaeme Michele , Mildenberger Katrin , Minow Falk , Amorosa Hedwig 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSeveral studies have described problems in a wide area of motor functions in language impaired children. The purpose of this study was to identify the nature of the motor deficits in two subgroups of language impaired children. A standard neurological examination was performed on 18 children with an expressive language disorder and 21 children with a receptive language disorder. The motor performance of the language disordered children was compared with the motor performance of 23 normal children. The standard neurological examination allowed for a qualitative and quantitative assessment of five specific neurological subsystems. Handedness was determined for all children. The language impaired children had more motor problems than the control children on most neurological subsystems. There were few statistically significant differences between the two groups of language impaired children. An excess in left‐handedness was established in the group of children with a receptive language disorder. There was a co‐occurrence of verbal and non‐verbal deficits in language impaired children. As these motor problems put an additional burden on the development of language impaired children, they should be diagnosed as early as possible. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cellular effects of purvalanol A: A specific inhibitor of cyclin‐dependent kinase activities
Authors: Villerbu Nathalie , Gaben Anne‐Marie , Redeuilh Gérard , Mester Jan 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe have studied the effects of purvalanol A on the cell cycle progression, proliferation and viability. In synchronized cells, purvalanol A induced a reversible arrest the progression in G1 and G2 phase of the cell cycle, but did not prevent the completion of DNA synthesis in S‐phase cells. The specificity of action of the drug was supported by the selective inhibition of the phosphorylation of cyclin‐dependent kinase (cdk) substrates such as Rb and cyclin E. The cell contents of cyclins D1 and E were lower in cells incubated with purvalanol A compared to controls, but the level of the cdk inhibitory protein p21WAF1/CIP1 was increased, indicating that the drug did not cause a general inhibition of gene expression. Purvalanol A did not inhibit transcription under cell‐free conditions. This compound, however, caused an inhibition of the estradiol‐induced expression of an integrated luciferase gene, suggesting that cdk or related enzymes may participate in the regulation of the activity of certain promoters. When exponentially growing cells, both mouse fibroblasts and human cancer cell lines, were incubated with purvalanol A for prolonged periods of time (24 hr), a lasting inhibition of cell proliferation as well as cell death were observed. In contrast, a 24 hr incubation of quiescent (non‐transformed) cells with purvalanol A did not prevent their resumption of cell cycle after removal of the drug. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
No association between HER‐2 gene polymorphism at codon 655 and a risk of bladder cancer
Authors: Wang Lizhong , Habuchi Tomonori , Takahashi Takeshi , Kamoto Toshiyuki , Zuo Tao , Mitsumori Kenji , Tsuchiya Norihiko , Sato Kazunari , Ogawa Osamu , Kato Tetsuro 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe amplification and overexpression of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 gene HER‐2 (also known as c‐erb‐B2 or neu) have been shown to be associated with bladder cancer and its progression. Recent studies indicated an association between the Ile to Val polymorphism at codon 655 of HER‐2 and susceptibility to breast cancer. To investigate the correlation between the Ile/Val polymorphism and the susceptibility and progression of bladder cancer, we analyzed the polymorphism in 232 patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder and 408 normal controls. The frequencies of the Ile/Ile, Ile/Val and Val/Val genotype were 75.9%, 21.6% and 2.6%, respectively, in patients with bladder cancer and 75.7%, 23.0% and 1.2%, respectively, in controls. Statistical analyses of the genotype prevalence showed no significant difference between bladder cancer patients and normal controls (p = 0.419). Moreover, no significant differences in the genotype prevalence were observed when the patients were stratified according to the tumor grade, stage and smoking habits. When the Ile/Ile genotype was compared to the Ile/Val and Val/Val genotypes, a significant difference was found only between the patients with tumor stage Ta and those with T1‐4 (age, gender and smoking habits‐adjusted odds ratio = 2.13, 95% confidence interval = 1.09–4.15, p = 0.027). When the Ile/Ile + Ile/Val genotypes compared to the Val/Val genotype, no significant findings were observed. These results suggested that the HER‐2 polymorphism at codon 655 is unlikely to be associated with the onset of bladder cancer. Furthermore, the findings suggest no association between this polymorphism and the disease progression in bladder cancer, although the possibility remains that the Ile/Ile genotype may be related to an increased risk of disease progression. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Physical activity and lung cancer risk in male smokers
Authors: Colbert Lisa H. , Hartman Terryl J. , Tangrea Joseph A. , Pietinen Pirjo , Virtamo Jarmo , Taylor Philip R. , Albanes Demetrius 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe examined the association between physical activity and lung cancer in a prospective cohort of 27,087 male smokers, ages 50–69 years, enrolled in the Alpha‐Tocopherol, Beta Carotene Cancer Prevention (ATBC) Study. After an average of 10 years of follow‐up, 1,442 lung cancer cases were diagnosed. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of lung cancer associated with self‐reported occupational and leisure‐time activity, adjusted for age, supplement group, body mass index, cigarettes smoked daily, years of smoking, education, energy intake and vegetable intake. There were no associations between occupational, leisure‐time or combined categories of physical activity with lung cancer risk; however, age appeared to modify the effect of leisure‐time activity (p = 0.02). Within increasing quartiles of age, the RRs (CI) for men active in leisure time compared to sedentary men were 0.77 (0.54–1.09), 0.74 (0.57–0.95), 1.09 (0.89–1.33) and 1.03 (0.88–1.21). These data suggest that among smokers, neither occupational nor leisure‐time activity is associated with lung cancer risk. There may, however, be some modest risk reduction associated with leisure activity among younger smokers. Published 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prevalence of germline mutations of MLH1 and MSH2 in hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer families from Spain
Authors: Caldes Trinidad , Godino Javier , de la Hoya Miguel , Garcia Carbonero Iciar , Perez Segura Pedro , Eng Charis , Benito Manuel , Diaz‐Rubio Eduardo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractHNPCC is an autosomal dominantly inherited cancer‐susceptibility syndrome that confers an increased risk for colorectal cancer and endometrial cancer at a young age. It also entails an increased risk of a variety of other tumors, such as ovarian, gastric, uroepithelial and biliary tract cancers. The underlying pathogenic mutation lies in 1 of the 5 known DNA MMR genes (MSH2, MLH1, PMS1, PMS2 and MSH6). We screened a total of 140 individuals from 56 Spanish families with suspected HNPCC for mutations in the DNA mismatch repair genes MLH1 and MSH2, using DGGE and direct DNA sequencing. Families were selected on the basis of a history of HNPCC‐related tumors or the occurrence of other associated tumors in members besides the index case affected with colorectal cancer. We detected 14 definite pathogenic germline mutations, 9 in MLH1 and 5 in MSH2 in 13 unrelated families selected by the Amsterdam criteria and Bethesda guidelines (1 family carries 2 mutations) and 3 missense mutations in 3 unrelated families selected by the Amsterdam criteria. Among the 17 germline mutations noted in the Spanish cohort, 10 are novel, 7 in MLH1 and 3 in MSH2, perhaps demonstrating different mutational spectra in the Spanish population, where no founder mutation has been identified. Based on our results, we suggest that in the Spanish population not only HNPCC families fulfilling the Amsterdam criteria but also those following Bethesda guidelines should undergo genetic testing for MSH2 and MLH1 mutations. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Patel S, Turner PR, Stubberfield C, Barry E, Rohlff CR, Stamps A, McKenzie E, Young K, Tyson K, Terrett J, Box G, Eccles S, Page MJ. Hyaluronidase gene profiling and role of HYAL‐1 overexpression in an orthotopic model of prostate cancer. International Journal of Cancer 2002;97(4): 416–424.
Authors: Patel S , Turner PR , Stubberfield C , Barry E , Rohlff CR , Stamps A , McKenzie E , Young K , Tyson K , Terrett J , Box G , Eccles S , Page MJ 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe original article to which this Erratum refers was published in International Journal of Cancer; 2002; 97(4) 416–422.