bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mode mixing in an almost periodic azimuthally corrugated cavity
Authors: Serebryannikov A. E. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractDeformation of a wall of an azimuthally corrugated periodic cavity leads to the mixing of the eigenmode fields of an originally periodic cavity. This effect manifests itself, in particular, in the splitting of what we refer to as natural frequency doublets. In this work, emphasis is placed on some typical features of the frequency and amplitude of an almost periodic cavity. In particular, the potential for compromising between the frequency rarefaction and amplitude composition are demonstrated for the cavity with a single and two irregular resonators, and some recommendations for their design are given. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 37: 461–465, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10951
A novel photonic band‐gap microstrip structures for low‐pass filters of wide stop‐band
Authors: Liu Haiwen , Li Zhengfan , Sun Xiaowei , Mao Junfa 
Published: May 2003

AbstractTwo novel low‐pass filters (LPFs) of wide stop‐band are proposed in this paper. One filter is implemented by a photonic band‐gap (PBG) microstrip structure with T‐junction opened stubs and its frequency characteristics are discussed. The other filter is implemented by a PBG microstrip structure with cross‐junction opened stubs. The new wide‐band harmonic rejection LPFs are easy to design and fabricate. The simulated and experimental results verify the validity of the LPFs. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 37: 470–472, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10953
Recent changes in riparian vegetation: possible consequences on dead wood processing along rivers
Authors: Tabacchi Eric , Planty‐Tabacchi Anne‐Marie 
Published: May 2003

AbstractLittle is known about changes in the composition of dead wood jams along rivers and the possible consequences of any such changes on the river ecosystem. Although tree zonation along the upstream‐to‐downstream continuum is weak and highly variable from a system to another, a clear transition appears in the piedmont zone, which is reflected by transitions in dead wood sources as well as for dead wood transport, storage and decomposition processes. In this paper, we focus on large lowland rivers of southwestern France, where riparian vegetation is increasingly fragmented, reduced in area and/or is entirely replaced by planted forests (poplar plantations). The amount and the potential role of dead wood is practically unknown in these rivers. One reason is that French legislation obliges landowners and public service managers to remove all material from the stream in order to maintain unobstructed river flows. The other reason is that unlike pristine streams in northern regions, these rivers have been regulated for several decades (Adour River) or even for several centuries (Garonne River). The vegetation component of the managed riparian landscape has changed in particular as a result of i) a decrease in stream dynamics, ii) the replacement of natural forests by planted ones, and iii) the invasion of natural communities by introduced woody species.The possible consequences of biological invasions on the role of dead wood jams are discussed in light of: i) a local study of wood jams along a moderately modified system; ii) changes observed in the composition of trees along the Adour River over the past 10 years; iii) a regional case study involving two chosen species. Whereas white willow populations are declining along streams in southwestern France, the box‐elder, introduced from the United States, has spread extensively in the last two decades. Statistical models would suggest that competitive pressures are limited between these two species, boxelder is expected to replace white willow in the near future as a consequence of an increase in river regulation and global warming. This can be expected to have important consequences on dead wood dynamics, and on the management of woody debris, especially since trends indicate a replacement of softwood species by hardwood species. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Little Ice Age subsidence and post Little Ice Age uplift at Juneau, Alaska, inferred from dendrochronology and geomorphology
Authors: Motyka Roman J. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractApplication of dendrochronology and geomorphology to a recently emerged coastal area near Juneau, Alaska, has documented a Little Ice Age (LIA) sea-level transgression to 6.2 m above current sea level. The rise in relative sea level is attributed to regional subsidence and appears to have stabilized by the mid 16th century, based on a sea-cliff eroded into late-Pleistocene glaciomarine sediments. Land began emerging between A.D. 1770 and 1790, coincident with retreat of regional glaciers from their LIA maximums. This emergence has continued since then, paralleling regional glacier retreat. Total Juneau uplift since the late 18th century is estimated to be 3.2 m. The rate of downward colonization of newly emergent coastline by Sitka spruce during the 20th century closely parallels the rate of sea-level fall documented by analysis of local tide-gauge records (1.3 cm/yr). Regional and Glacier Bay LIA loading and unloading are inferred to be the primary mechanisms driving subsidence and uplift in the Juneau area. Climate change rather then regional tectonics has forced relative sea-level change over the last several hundred years.
Tree growth response to the 1913 eruption of Volcán de Fuego de Colima, Mexico
Authors: Biondi Franco , Estrada Ignacio Galindo , Gavilanes Ruiz Juan Carlos , Torres Alejandro Elizalde 
Published: May 2003

AbstractThe impact of volcanic eruptions on forest ecosystems can be investigated using dendrochronological records. While long-range effects are usually mediated by decreased air temperatures, resulting in frost rings or reduced maximum latewood density, local effects include abrupt suppression of radial growth, occasionally followed by greater than normal growth rates. Annual rings in Mexican mountain pine (Pinus hartwegiiLindl.) on Nevado de Colima, at the western end of the Mexican Neovolcanic Belt, indicate extremely low growth in 1913 and 1914, following the January 1913 Plinian eruption of Volcán de Fuego, 7.7 km to the south. That event, which is listed among the largest explosive eruptions since A.D. 1500, produced ashflow deposits up to 40 m thick and blanketed our study area on Nevado de Colima with a tephra fallout 15–30 cm deep. Radial growth reduction in 1913–14 was ≥30% in 73% of the sampled trees. We geostatistically investigated the ecological impact of the eruption by mapping the decrease in xylem increment and found no evidence of a spatial structure in growth reduction. Little information has been available to date on forest species as biological archives of past environments in the North American tropics, yet this historical case study suggests that treeline tropical sites hold valuable records of prehistoric phenomena, including volcanic eruptions.
Restorative potential of cholinergic rich transplants in cholchicine induced lesioned rats: a comparative study of single and multiple micro‐transplantation approach
Authors: Agrawal A.K. , Roy Adip , Seth K. , Raghubir Ram , Seth P.K. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractRestorative potential of fetal neural transplantation in colchicine induced neurodegeneration was studied in rats; where colchicine (2.5 mg per site) was administered bilaterally into the hippocampus followed by bilateral infusions of fetal neural cell suspension rich in cholinergic neurons as single macro‐ or multiple micro‐transplants in the hippocampal region 3 weeks post‐colchicine (2.5 mg per site) lesion. Animals were studied for neuro behavioural and neurochemical recovery at 4 and 24 weeks post‐transplantation and electrophysiological (single cell recording) and immunohistochemical parameters, choline acetyl transferase (ChAT) expression was studied in hippocampus at 24 weeks post‐transplantation. Colchicine lesioned rats receiving single macro‐ or multiple micro‐transplants exhibited significant restoration in cognitive dysfunction caused by colchicine after 4 weeks of transplantation which remain persistent in multiple micro‐transplanted group upto 24 weeks post‐transplantation, whereas, single macro‐transplanted animals did not exhibit any significant recovery. Neurochemical studies revealed significant restoration in acetylcholine esterase activity and cholinergic (muscarinic) receptor binding after 24 weeks post‐transplantation as compared to 4 weeks post‐transplantation in multiple micro‐transplanted group. Single cell recording studied at 24 weeks post‐transplantation exhibited significant restoration in firing rates when compared with lesioned group. The viability of cholinergic fibre at transplanted sites has further been confirmed by increase in ChAT immuno positivity in hippocampal region using monoclonal antibody and quantified using image analyser Leica Qwin 500 software. The results suggest that intra‐hippocampal multiple site cholinergic rich transplants provide better and long term restoration in the cholinergic deficits induced by colchicine lesion as compared to single site macro‐transplantation.
Late onset alcoholism
Authors: Wetterling Tilman , Veltrup Clemens , John Ulrich , Driessen Martin 
Published: May 2003

AbstractRather high prevalence rates of alcohol abuse in the elderly have been reported in the literature. However, there is some evidence that many elderly persons with alcohol problems are not identified, probably due to the nonspecificity of alcohol-related presentations in old individuals. Thus, there is an ongoing discussion on appropriate diagnostic criteria for alcohol dependence in elder people who frequently begin to abuse alcohol in late life. This study was aimed to explore whether alcoholics with late onset (beginning after the age of 45) differ from those with an early onset (prior the age of 25). Two hundred and sixty eight subjects consecutively referred to a ward of a general hospital specialized for alcohol detoxification were divided into three groups by the age at onset of harmful alcohol consumption. The duration of harmful drinking was rather similar in all groups. However, alcohol dependence according to the ICD-10 criteria (three or more have to be fulfilled) was diagnosed in 94.1% of the alcoholics with an early onset (≤ 25 years), but only in 62.2% of those with late onset (P < 0.0001). Significant differences between these groups were found for the following criteria: preoccupation with drinking (P < 0.0001), impaired capacity to control drinking (P < 0.01), strong desire to drink alcohol (P < 0.01), and a trend towards a lower rate of lifetime psychiatric comorbidity. The alcoholics with late onset reported fewer previous detoxifications and a lower actual alcohol consumption. Moreover, they showed a higher rate of abstinence in the 12 month follow-up. Regarding the difficulties in comparing groups of different ages at onset of harmful alcohol use our results suggest that the alcoholics with late onset differ in many ways from those with early onset.
The first-episode of schizophrenia: a challenge for treatment
Authors: Fleischhacker W.W. 
Published: May 2003

SummaryFor young people experiencing a first-episode of schizophrenia, the first and most important matter to be attended to, once the diagnosis of schizophrenia has been made and patients have entered the care system, is to establish a treatment alliance. The next step is to conceive an individually tailored treatment programme (non-pharmacological as well as pharmacological). The use of antipsychotic drugs needs to be carefully discussed with both patients and families, as medication tends to have a poor public perception. Maintaining treatment is vitally important in terms of relapse prevention, but people who suffer a first-episode tend to terminate treatment early. Patients often discontinue their medication because of side-effects, although a number of other factors can also exert a negative influence on the continuous intake of medication. Among others, these include insufficient information provided to patients and significant others as well as lack of insight and problems in the doctor-patient-relationship. The published data indicate that the outcome of treatment is better for younger patients in a first-episode of schizophrenia than it is for patients who are more chronically ill. However, young patients are much more sensitive to compliance problems than older patients. The main challenge in this phase of the illness is therefore to convince patients that maintenance treatment is necessary in order to assure the best possible outcome.
Adverse renal effects of anti‐inflammatory agents: evaluation of selective and nonselective cyclooxygenase inhibitors
Authors: Gambaro G. , Perazella M. A. 
Published: May 2003

Abstract. Gambaro G, Perazella MA (Division of Nephrology, University Hospital, Padua, Italy; and Section of Nephrology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA). Adverse renal effects of anti‐inflammatory agents: evaluation of selective and nonselective cyclooxygenase inhibitors (Review). J Intern Med 2003; 253: 643–652.Conventional nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), i.e. nonselective cyclooxygenase COX inhibitors have well‐documented nephrotoxicity. Adverse renal effects occur because of inhibition of the synthesis of cyclooxygenase‐derived prostaglandins which act to modulate pathologic processes that would normally impair various renal functions. The introduction of the selective COX‐2 inhibitors raised hope that this class of drugs would reduce injury in both the gastrointestinal tract and the kidneys. Animal and human data, however, suggest that COX‐2 synthesized prostaglandins are important in the modulation of renal physiology during adverse conditions. Hence, it appears that these drugs are equal in causing nephrotoxicity as the nonselective COX inhibitors.
The treatment of sporadic versus MEN1‐related pituitary adenomas
Authors: Beckers A. , Betea D. , Socin H. Valdes , Stevenaert A. 
Published: May 2003

Abstract.  Beckers A, Betea D, Valdes Socin H, Stevenaert A (Domaine Universitaire du Sart‐Tilman, Liege, Belgium). The treatment of sporadic versus MEN1‐related pituitary adenomas (Minisymposium). J Intern Med 2003; 253: 599–605.The treatment of pituitary tumours strongly depends on their clinical presentation. In general, the treatment aims are reducing tumour volume and/or decreasing hormone hypersecretion. It relies on single or a combination of three different methods: surgery, medication and radiotherapy. The rationale for deciding the treatment are many but include the aggressiveness of the tumour. The aetiologies of sporadic pituitary adenomas are not fully understood. However, several causes have been identified resulting in specific familial phenotypes like multiple endocrine neoplasia type I (MEN1). MEN1 is related to mutations in the MEN1 gene, a tumour suppressor gene localized on chromosome 11q13 and which encodes menin, a 610 amino acid protein. During the last years, an evidence progressively emerged that MEN1‐related adenomas were more aggressive and less responsive to therapy than their sporadic counterparts. In this article, we review the differences between sporadic and MEN1‐related adenomas and suggest specific ways of treatment and follow‐up for MEN1‐related tumours.
Quantitative Estimates of Sequence Divergence for Comparative Analyses of Mammalian Genomes
Authors: Cooper Gregory M. , Brudno Michael , Program NISC Comparative Sequencing , Green Eric D. , Batzoglou Serafim , Sidow Arend 
Published: May 2003

Comparative sequence analyses on a collection of carefully chosen mammalian genomes could facilitate identification of functional elements within the human genome and allow quantification of evolutionary constraint at the single nucleotide level. High-resolution quantification would be informative for determining the distribution of important positions within functional elements and for evaluating the relative importance of nucleotide sites that carry single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Because the level of resolution in comparative sequence analyses is a direct function of sequence diversity, we propose that the information content of a candidate mammalian genome be defined as the sequence divergence it would add relative to already-sequenced genomes. We show that reliable estimates of genomic sequence divergence can be obtained from small genomic regions. On the basis of a multiple sequence alignment of ∼1.4 megabases each from eight mammals, we generate such estimates for five unsequenced mammals. Estimates of the neutral divergence in these data suggest that a small number of diverse mammalian genomes in addition to human, mouse, and rat would allow single nucleotide resolution in comparative sequence analyses.[The multiple sequence alignment of theCFTR region and a spreadsheet with the calculations performed, will be available as supplementary information online atwww.genome.org.]
Predicting Gene Function From Patterns of Annotation
Authors: King Oliver D. , Foulger Rebecca E. , Dwight Selina S. , White James V. , Roth Frederick P. 
Published: May 2003

The Gene Ontology (GO) Consortium has produced a controlled vocabulary for annotation of gene function that is used in many organism-specific gene annotation databases. This allows the prediction of gene function based on patterns of annotation. For example, if annotations for two attributes tend to occur together in a database, then a gene holding one attribute is likely to hold the other as well. We modeled the relationships among GO attributes with decision trees and Bayesian networks, using the annotations in theSaccharomycesGenome Database (SGD) and in FlyBase as training data. We tested the models using cross-validation, and we manually assessed 100 gene–attribute associations that were predicted by the models but that were not present in the SGD or FlyBase databases. Of the 100 manually assessed associations, 41 were judged to be true, and another 42 were judged to be plausible.[Detailed lists of hypotheses including the curators' comments on each hypothesis, are available athttp://llama.med.harvard.edu/∼king/predictions.html.]
Predicting Human Minisatellite Polymorphism
Authors: Denoeud France , Vergnaud Gilles , Benson Gary 
Published: May 2003

We seek to define sequence-based predictive criteria to identify polymorphic and hypermutable minisatellites in the human genome. Polymorphism of a representative pool of minisatellites, selected from human chromosomes 21 and 22, was experimentally measured by PCR typing in a population of unrelated individuals. Two predictive approaches were tested. One uses simple repeat characteristics (e.g., unit length, copy number, nucleotide bias) and a more complex measure, termed HistoryR, based on the presence of variant motifs in the tandem array. We find that HistoryR and percentage of GC are strongly correlated with polymorphism and, as predictive criteria, reduce by half the number of repeats to type while enriching the proportion with heterozygosity ≥0.5, from a background level of 43% to 59%. The second approach uses length differences between minisatellites in the two releases of the human genome sequence (from the public consortium and Celera). As a predictor, this similarly enriches the number of polymorphic minisatellites, but fails to identify an unexpectedly large number of these. Finally, typing of the highly polymorphic minisatellites in large families identified one new hypermutable minisatellite, located in a predicted coding sequence. This may represent the first coding human hypermutable minisatellite.[Supplemental material is available online at www.genome.org.]
Analysis of 5′-End Sequences of Chimpanzee cDNAs
Authors: Sakate Ryuichi , Osada Naoki , Hida Munetomo , Sugano Sumio , Hayasaka Ikuo , Shimohira Naoko , Yanagi Shinsuke , Suto Yumiko , Hashimoto Katsuyuki , Hirai Momoki 
Published: May 2003

We constructed full-length enriched cDNA libraries from chimpanzee brain, skin, and liver tissues by the oligo-capping method to establish a database of sequences of chimpanzee genes. Randomly selected clones from the libraries were subjected to one-pass sequencing from their 5′-ends. As a result, we collected 6813 chimpanzee cDNA sequences longer than 400 bp. Homology search against human mRNA sequences (RefSeq mRNAs) revealed that our collection included sequences of 1652 putative chimpanzee genes. In order to calculate the sequence identity between human and chimpanzee homologs, we constructed 5′-end consensus sequences of 226 chimpanzee genes by aligning at least three sequences for individual genes. Sequence identity was estimated by comparing these consensus sequences and the corresponding sequences of their human homologs. The average sequence identity of the 5′-end cDNAs was 99.30%. Those of the 5′-UTRs and CDSs were 98.79% and 99.42%, respectively. The results confirmed that human and chimpanzee genes are highly conserved at the nucleotide level. As for amino acids, the average sequence identity was 99.44%. The average synonymous (KS) and nonsynonymous (KA) divergences were estimated to be 1.33% and 0.28%, respectively.[Supplemental material is available online atwww.genome.org. All of the 1947 sequences used for constructing the consensus sequences of 226 chimpanzee genes have been submitted to DDBJ under accession nos. AU296732–AU298678. Two hundred twenty-six consensus sequences and their detailed annotation descriptions are available at our Web site http://www.prigen.org/.]
Fidelity of the Methylation Pattern and Its Variation in the Genome
Authors: Ushijima Toshikazu , Watanabe Naoko , Okochi Eriko , Kaneda Atsushi , Sugimura Takashi , Miyamoto Kazuaki 
Published: May 2003

The methylated or unmethylated status of a CpG site is copied faithfully from parental DNA to daughter DNA, and functions as a cellular memory. However, no information is available for the fidelity of methylation pattern in unmethylated CpG islands (CGIs) or its variation in the genome. Here, we determined the methylation status of each CpG site on each DNA molecule obtained from clonal populations of normal human mammary epithelial cells. Methylation pattern error rates (MPERs) were calculated based upon the deviation from the methylation patterns that should be obtained if the cells had 100% fidelity in replicating the methylation pattern. Unmethylated CGIs in the promoter regions of five genes showed MPERs of 0.018–0.032 errors/site/21.6 generations, and the fidelity of methylation pattern was calculated as 99.85%–99.92%/site/generation. In contrast, unmethylated CGIs outside the promoter regions showed MPERs more than twice as high (P < 0.01). Methylated regions, including a CGI in theMAGE-A3 promoter and DMR of the H19 gene, showed much lower MPERs than unmethylated CGIs. These showed that errors in methylation pattern were mainly due to de novo methylations in unmethylated regions. The differential MPERs even among unmethylated CGIs indicated that a promoter-specific protection mechanism(s) from de novo methylation was present.[Supplemental material is available online at www.genome.org.]