bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
D‐galactose might mediate some of the skeletal muscle hypertrophy‐promoting effects of milk—A nutrient to consider for sarcopenia?
Authors: Homolak Jan , Babic Perhoc Ana , Virag Davor , Knezovic Ana , Osmanovic Barilar Jelena , Salkovic‐Petrisic Melita 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSarcopenia is a process of progressive aging‐associated loss of skeletal muscle mass (SMM) recognized as a serious global health issue contributing to frailty and increased all‐cause mortality. Exercise and nutritional interventions (particularly intake of dairy products and milk) demonstrate good efficacy, safety, and broad applicability. Here, we propose that at least some of the well‐documented favorable effects of milk and milk‐derived protein supplements on SMM might be mediated by D‐galactose, a monosaccharide present in large quantities in milk in the form of disaccharide lactose (milk sugar). We suggest that ingestion of dairy products results in exposure to D‐galactose in concentrations metabolized primarily via the Leloir pathway with the potential to (i) promote anabolic signaling via maintenance of growth factor (e.g., insulin‐like growth factor 1 [IGF‐1]) receptor mature glycosylation patterns; and (ii) provide extracellular (liver glycogen) and intracellular substrates for short (muscle glycolysis) and long‐term (muscle glycogen, intramyocellular lipids) energy availability. Additionally, D‐galactose might optimize the metabolic function of skeletal muscles by increasing mitochondrial content and stimulating glucose and fatty acid utilization. The proposed potential of D‐galactose to promote the accretion of SMM is discussed in the context of its therapeutic potential in sarcopenia.
Dynamic capabilities for sustainability: Toward a typology based on dimensions of sustainability‐oriented innovation and stakeholder integration
Authors: Ortiz‐Avram Daniela , Ovcharova Nelly , Engelmann Alexander 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis study aims to synthesize the current state of knowledge on conceptualizations of dynamic capabilities for sustainability (DCsS)—patterns of behavior in organizations specialized in adapting to sustainability demands. Our main goal is to elucidate the theoretical nature of the DCsS construct and provide a theoretical foundation for future empirical works. We perform a systematic literature review focused on existing conceptualizations of DCsS. Our content analysis of 86 articles reveals two emerging dimensions that account for variation in DCsS definitions: (i) the novelty degree of pursued sustainability‐oriented innovations and (ii) the level of stakeholder integration. Based on these dimensions, we identify four distinct types of DCsS: (1) firm‐level eco‐efficiency; (2) Firm‐level transformation; (3) supply chain or network level eco‐efficiency; and (4) systemic transformation. We illustrate the predominant underlying practices and related outcomes of each type, as described in the literature. By developing a typology that integrates distinct conceptualizations, we substantiate and clarify the DCsS construct, thus providing a fruitful starting point for more distinct and focused operationalizations of DCsS. By conceptualizing sustainability‐oriented innovation and level of stakeholder integration as integral dimensions constituting DCsS, we offer a more nuanced theoretical understanding of the DCsS construct.
Low‐CO2 cements based on magnesium oxide / hydromagnesite blends – hydration mechanism and mechanical properties
Authors: Winnefeld Frank , German Alexander , Lura Pietro , Rentsch Daniel , Lothenbach Barbara 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBinders based on blends of reactive magnesia and hydromagnesite are low‐CO2 or even carbon‐negative cements in case the MgO is generated from magnesium silicates or Mg‐containing brines. When MgO is hydrated with water alone, a well crystalline brucite forms, but no measurable strength is developing. In the presence of hydromagnesite, the hydration of MgO is accelerated and the hydrate assemblage is changed. A poorly‐crystalline brucite containing some carbonate is the main hydration product. Furthermore, a kind of “gel‐water” is observed, which is lost at temperatures above 40‐60°C. This brucite‐like phase is responsible for strength formation in MgO‐hydromagnesite blends. After 28 days, a mortar compressive strength is reached similar to the one of a Portland cement of strength class 32.5.
The early bonding performance of geopolymer for repair: Effect of mix proportion of cement substrate
Authors: Xiong Guiyan , Guo Xiaolu , Cundy Andrew 
Published: December 2023

AbstractGeopolymer can be potential Portland cement alternatives or supplement for concrete repair. In order to understand the bonding mechanism of geopolymer repairing materials, the effect of the mix proportion of cement mortar substrate on the early bonding performance was studied. For repaired composites by geopolymer, with the increase of sand‐to‐cement ratio of cement substrate from 1.5 to 2.5, the trends in the interfacial flexural‐tensile strength and slant shear strength were the same, both decreasing, which may be explained by the combined effect of surface porosity and the amount of surface cement pastes. And with the rise of the water‐to‐cement ratio of cement substrate from 0.4 to 0.5, the interfacial flexural‐tensile strength also increased mainly because of the increase in the surface porosity of the substrate, while the slant shear strength decreased resulting from the impact of compressive strength of the substrate. This indicates that the interfacial flexural‐tensile test is more suitable for the evaluation of the bonding performance than the slant shear test when the mix proportions of substrate vary.
Nottenkämperton – Der Weg zum puzzolanischen Zusatzstoff
Authors: Ludwig Horst‐Michael , Müller Matthias , Morgenthal Guido , Eckert Thomas , Wellmann Justin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDie Anwendung calcinierter Tone als Zementsubstitut ist seit einigen Jahren Gegenstand intensiver Forschung. Dennoch steht, insbesondere in Deutschland, die Anwendung dieser Materialien erst am Anfang. Mit dem prognostizierten Einbruch der Hüttensand‐ und Flugascheproduktion werden calcinierte Tone auch in Deutschland mittelfristig einen wichtigen Stellenwert einnehmen. Aus Gründen der Wirtschaftlichkeit und Verfügbarkeit kommt insbesondere den „unreinen” Tonen mit geringen Kaolingehalten eine besondere Bedeutung zu. Im Rahmen dieser Studie wurde die Eignung eines vorwiegend illitischen Tones mit vielen Nebenbestandteilen für die Anwendung im Zement untersucht. Trotz des geringen Tonmineralgehaltes wurde nach der Calcination ein guter Festigkeitsbeitrag erreicht, bei gleichzeig nur geringfügig verringerter Verarbeitbarkeit. „Unreine” kaolinarme lokale Tone können demnach das Potential dafür bieten, Hüttensand und Flugasche in der Zementproduktion in Deutschland adäquat zu ersetzen. In einem weiterführenden Forschungsprojekt soll die Voraussetzung dafür geschaffen werden, eine industrielle Nutzung des untersuchten Tonvorkommens durch die Herstellung calcinierter Tone zu ermöglichen.
Compressive and tensile behaviour of alkali‐activated slag‐based concrete incorporating single hooked‐end steel fibres
Authors: Rossi Laura , Patel Ravi A. , Dehn Frank 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe effect of single hooked‐end steel fibres, namely Dramix® 3D, on the mechanical performance of alkali‐activated slag‐based concrete (AASC) and Portland cement concrete (PCC) has been investigated. Compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, stress‐strain response under uniaxial compression and tension, splitting tensile strength and flexural strength have been evaluated. The experimental results show that AASC incorporating 3D fibres in a volume fraction of 0.75% exhibits an enhanced behaviour, under both compression and tension, in comparison to PCC incorporating the same fibre type and dosage. Although the reference mixes show similar compressive strength, 3D fibres enhance the modulus of elasticity, splitting tensile strength and flexural strength of AASC of 8.6%, 61.7% and 12.8%, respectively, while for PCC 1.1%, 42.2% and 16.1%, respectively. Three‐point bending tests show the effect of 3D fibres on the response of AASC and PCC under flexural loading. Although fibres have a limited effect on the strength corresponding to the limit of proportionality (LOP), they enhance the post‐peak behaviour, increasing the residual flexural strength and the material ductility. Finite element analysis has been performed to predict the flexural behaviour of steel fibre‐reinforced AASC (FRAASC) under flexural loading. The Concrete Damage Plasticity (CDP) model implemented in ABAQUS software can predict the flexural response of FRAASC quite accurately, although additional experimental data are needed to calibrate the model for different alkali‐activated matrix types.
MgO‐based binders
Authors: Lothenbach Barbara , Bernard Ellina , German Alexander , Winnefeld Frank 
Published: December 2023

AbstractTo limit global temperature rise to below 2°C, we need to radically and rapidly change the way we build and use materials, since construction is responsible for 20‐40% of industrial CO2 emissions. Magnesium carbonate‐based cements have the potential to become a major carbon sink in construction industry, as CO2 will not be emitted during their production, but CO2 will rather be bound during hardening. Two different reaction mechanisms lead to setting and hardening of such HMC cements: i) hydration of MgO‐Mg‐carbonate, also in blends with silica and other mineral additions, in the presence of water or salt solutions (such as sodium bicarbonate solution) at ambient conditions or ii) carbonation hardening of MgO‐based systems at increased CO2 partial pressure and/or at increased temperatures.However, the utilization of hydrated magnesium carbonate and magnesium silicate cements is currently hampered by the lack of systematic experiments and of fundamental understanding of the factors affecting the hardening process, mechanical properties, long‐term behavior and durability. In particular, the role of temperature, relative humidity and addition of supplementary cementitious materials and/or industrial by‐products has not been systematically investigated. We need knowledge both on the practical side through systematic experiments with pastes, mortars and concretes as well as on a fundamental level through solubility and sorption experiments and thermodynamic modelling. In addition, reaction kinetics need to be optimized as well as the early formation of the preferred phases (stability enhancement) to develop efficient HMC cements for construction. Due to the socio‐economic relevance of cement and concrete, the impact of such “carbon”‐negative cements may go beyond a purely scientific one and lead to technological breakthroughs to the benefit of environment and society.
1:1 or 2:1 ‐ Does it matter for calcined clay as supplementary cementitious material?
Authors: Thienel Karl‐Christian , Scherb Sebastian , Beuntner Nancy , Maier Matthias , Sposito Ricarda 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCalcined clays are the most promising future supplementary cementitious material which are capable of replacing fly ashes and blast furnace slag on the long run due to their potential to achieve high cement replacement levels and their global availability. In the last decade most research has focused on calcined clays rich in the 1:1 kaolinite. Clay with less than 20 to 25 % kaolinite were seen as worthless. Even the content of 2:1 phyllosilicates in the kaolinitic clays was neglected and not even mentioned although especially these clays are dominant in areas like central and northern Europe. Here, highly kaolinitic clays are rare or used by other industries leading to high prices. This paper is based on published works and highlights whether information obtained for calcined 1:1 dominated clays can be applied for calcined 2:1 dominated clays or not and where further research is needed.
Frühe Hydratation von C3S in Gegenwart von Metakaolin
Authors: Sowoidnich Thomas , Damidot Denis , Cölfen Helmut , Rößler Christiane , Ludwig Horst‐Michael 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDie Verwendung von kalziniertem Ton als Zementersatzstoff ist ein vielversprechender Weg, um die künftige Zementproduktion umweltfreundlicher zu gestalten und den CO2‐Fußabdruck von Beton zu verringern. Jedoch wird durch den Ersatz von kalziniertem Ton wird die Zementhydratation häufig verzögert. Obwohl die kombinierte Verwendung von Kalkstein und kalziniertem Ton mit Portlandzement die Verzögerung kompensieren kann, werden die Ursachen für diesen Effekt noch immer diskutiert. Insbesondere die Rolle der gebildeten C‐A‐S‐H‐Phasen in Kombination mit C‐S‐H‐Phasen ist umstritten. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht die geschilderte Verzögerung in Modellsystem C3S und Metakaolin.Die Hydratationsreaktionen von Metakaolin und C3S wurden mittels optischer Emissionsspektroskopie, Rasterelektronenmikroskopie, Röntgenbeugung und Reaktionskalorimetrie analysiert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Calcium‐ und Sulfationen eine dominierende Rolle für die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit von Metakaolin spielen, was sich wiederum auf die Hydratationsgeschwindigkeit von C3S auswirkt. Die Rolle der C‐A‐S‐H‐ gegenüber der C‐S‐H‐Bildung wird in diesem Zusammenhang hervorgehoben.
Reaktivitätsuntersuchungen von calcinierten Tonen mit geringem Metakaolingehalt
Authors: Sowoidnich Thomas , Hoffmann Christopher , Rößler Christiane , Ludwig Horst‐Michael 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDie Verwendung von kalziniertem Ton als Ersatzstoff für Zement bietet vielversprechende Möglichkeiten, um die zukünftige Zementproduktion umweltfreundlicher zu gestalten und den CO2‐Fußabdruck von Beton zu reduzieren. Die Eignung für einen Einsatz als Kompositmaterial hängt wesentlich von der Reaktivität der calcinierten Tone ab und ist von verschiedenen Parametern abhängig. Die vorliegenden Untersuchungen wurden an 4 verschiedenen Tongemengen mit unterschiedlichen Brenntemperaturen durchgeführt. Es wurde die puzzolanische Reaktivität nach modifiziertem Chapelle Test sowie nach dem R3‐Test (engl.: „Rapid, Relevant and Reliable”) beurteilt.Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass auch bei einem Metakaolingehalt von unter 15% der R3‐Test hinreichende Aussagen zur Reaktivität der calcinierten Tone ermöglicht. Im Gegensatz dazu ist der Chapelle Test weniger gut geeignet.
Stability of calcined clays during storage
Authors: Pesch Katja , Schulze Simone E. , Rickert Jörg 
Published: December 2023

AbstractUsage of calcined clay as a cement main constituent is spotlighted as an important part of the decarbonisation of the cement industry. In particular, little knowledge is available on the storage stability of calcined clays. Therefore, the influences of fineness, temperature and humidity for different timescales of storing were determined. Two samples of a calcined kaolinitic‐illitic clay of different fineness (crushed and ground) were stored sealed in a desiccator, as well as at 20 °C and 60 % rel. humidity, and at 40 °C and 100 % rel. humidity. The clay's mineralogical composition, moisture and chemically bound water content were analysed at 7, 28, and 91 days of storage respectively. Additionally, their reactivity was determined acc. ASTM C 1897‐20 and acc. EN197‐1.The calcined clays which were stored in a desiccator showed only slight alteration over the period of 91 days. Samples stored at 20 °C and 60 % rel. humidity, contained small amounts of moisture and chemically bound water, regardless of their fineness. Storage at 40 °C and 100 % rel. humidity led to a huge increase in moisture and chemically bound water, especially at high fineness. The reactive silicon of the fine samples was diminished independent of storage conditions over time, whereas the coarse samples showed no changes. Samples stored at 40/100 showed a strong decrease in their heat of hydration over 91 days.This study implicates, that the analysed calcined clay could be stored as coarsegrained fraction at normal conditions.
Synergistic effect of aluminum sulfate and triethanolamine on the hydration of metakaolin blended cement
Authors: Zhang Liheng , Lu Zichen , Liu Zhiwei , Sun Zhenping 
Published: December 2023

AbstractShotcrete is regarded as an indispensable component in the construction of tunnels and mines, which can stabilize the tunnel wall and prevent groundwater infiltration. Along with the massive railway construction in China's mountainous region, it is unavoidable to build more tunnels, and then the used amount of shotcrete increases dramatically. Calcined clay blended cement is one promising low‐carbon cementitious material and metakaolin (MK) is the main reactive component in calcined clay. Considering the high demand for shotcrete and the urgently needed carbon neutrality in China, it is necessary to contain more MK in the cement of shotcrete.Beside the cement, accelerator is also necessary for the production of shotcrete. Aluminum sulfate (AS) and triethanolamine (TEA) are two representative components in the alkali‐free liquid accelerator. However, limited researches were conducted regarding the synergistic effect of AS and TEA on the setting and hardening performance of the metakaolin blended cement (OPC‐MK).Hence, in order to clarify the effect of TEA and AS on the hydration of OPC‐MK, different dosages of TEA were added to AS solution and their effects on setting performance, compressive strength and hydration kinetics of OPC‐MK were investigated. It is found that, with the presence of both AS and TEA, a high dosage of TEA facilitates the reaction of the aluminate phase while greatly retards the silicate reaction. More importantly, TEA can promote the dissolution and pozzolanic reaction of MK. Thereby a dense structure can be formed and the compressive strength of pastes at 28 d is enhanced. At last, the interactions between TEA, AS and OPC‐MK is thoroughly analyzed, which could provide a theoretical basis for the wide application of low‐carbon cement in shotcrete.
Reliability and cost analysis of selected repair methods of the new TR Instandhaltung
Authors: Lozano‐Valcarcel Juan Mauricio , Cassiani Juan Daniel , Kraenkel Thomas , Gehlen Christoph , Kessler Sylvia 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn Germany, the new Technical Specification for Maintenance (TR Instandhaltung) forms the basis for planning, management, and implementation of maintenance measures on reinforced concrete structures. In the case of chloride‐induced corrosion, different concrete repair methods are specified therein for defined depth‐dependent chloride concentrations in relation to the concrete cover, following thus a prescriptive approach. In contrast, a full‐probabilistic, performance‐based approach sets limits to the so‐called “reliability index” (β). These limits are related to a maximum accepted probability of occurrence of an unwanted event, which in the case of chloride exposure, is the corrosion of the reinforcement. Since the value of β depends inherently on the depth‐dependent chloride concentration and the concrete cover, the limits set on them by the TR must be related to an implicit value of β. Therefore, in this contribution, these limits were analysed and evaluated. Additionally, the resulting costs of each method were estimated and analysed in terms of β at the time of the repair. Both the limits and the resulting costs provide helpful information in the context of a performance‐based approach for the through‐life management of reinforced concrete structures.
Concrete for Reconstruction of Structures
Authors: Abramowicz Małgorzata , Plugin Andrii , Borziak Olga , Zhuravel Vitalii 
Published: December 2023

AbstractTo eliminate significant wear of building structures, increase the bearing capacity when operating conditions change, it may be necessary to restore / increase the bearing capacity of structures. One of the most common methods of strengthening is to increase the section of the structure by installing duplicate elements. For reinforced concrete structures, reinforcement should include the restoration of the surface layer of concrete, the filling of cracks and chips. The paper considers a method for increasing the adhesion of new concrete to the old one. Concrete formulations are proposed for strengthening structures whose concrete has already been damaged due to exposure to aggressive media. The formation of the physical and mechanical parameters of new concretes, their adhesion to old concretes was carried out due to the directed formation of their structure. The formation of the structure at the mesolevel is affected by the introduction of the optimal amount of microfillers and reinforcing fibers. At the micro‐ and submicrolevel, due to the introduction of a complex chemical additive, additional crystalline hydrates are synthesized, strengthening the contact zone between the old concrete and the new one.
Increase in physical and mechanical properties of decorative concretes for the post‐war restoration of residential and public buildings in the Kharkiv region with the addition of highly dispersed calcite (chalk)
Authors: Chepurna Svitlana , Dudka Olena , Chepurnyi Yevhenii 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDuring the war active, a huge number of residential and public buildings were destroyed not only in Kharkiv and the region, but throughout Ukraine. For the restoration of destroyed buildings, new types of cement will be needed to look for and will be created decorated concretes based on them that would provide high operational and technological properties of constrictions and will be focused on local materials. Carbonate additive such as highly dispersed calcite (chalk) can be used for as local additive for concrete due to significant reserves are located in Kharkiv region. In the article research on the impact of joint action additive of highly dispersed calcite (chalk) and natural pigment (ocher) is presented by physical and mechanical properties such as density, strength, water resistance, and frost resistance. It has been established that, depending on the percentage of highly dispersed calcite (chalk), the physical and mechanical properties are changed irregularly. On the basis of the conducted researches it was established that the optimal amount of the addition of high‐fossil chalk, which provides increased frost resistance and corrosion resistance of concrete in an aggressive environment, containing chlorides, sulfates and magnesium ions, is from 10 % to 30 %. In addition, it increases density, compressive strength, stretching strength at bending. At the same time, it should be noted at an increased amount of fine chalk to 40% leads to a decrease in physical and mechanical characteristics. But the introduction of plasticizer in the amount of 0.5% leads to increased compressive strength and, accordingly, increases the positive qualities of chalk. The concrete compositions that getting with high decorative and operational properties are allowed to use them for the restoration of the city and increase in urban space.