bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Charge dynamic behavior under high-frequency stress considering coupled effect of temperature-frequency interaction
Authors: Qi Tianrun , Ren Hanwen , Gao Haoyu , Li Qingmin , Gao Ruize , Han Biao , Bian Guorong , He Xinjun 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Space charge behavior under combined high-frequency electrothermal stress is an important causative factor for insulation failure in high-voltage power electronic equipment. In this research, a novel charge transport model adapted to the high-frequency stress environment is developed. Modifications are implemented in the model to address the high-frequency stress characteristics, namely for the electrothermal coupled stress environment, high-frequency injection, flexible migration, and interfacial features. The study examines the evolution of space charge influenced by polarisation parameters, including frequency, duty cycle, and polarisation polarity. The results indicate a disparity in charge accumulation polarity under uni/bipolar stress. The electric field distortion induced by heteropolar charge accumulation under bipolar stresses poses a great challenge to the insulating properties of the interface. Furthermore, both the quantity and depth of charge accumulation exhibit an inverse association with frequency. The minimum accumulation depth is merely 6 μm at a polarisation frequency of 1 kHz. Conversely, the extent of charge accumulation escalates exponentially with an increase in the duty cycle (stress power). Finally, the model reliability is validated by comparing with the high-frequency charge measurement under the relevant parameter. The pertinent research can offer a viable technical approach to elucidate the dynamic behaviour of space charge under high-frequency stress.
Direct observations of nucleation and early-stage growth of Au-catalyzed GaAs nanowires on Si(111)
Authors: Andersen Christopher R Y , Lehmann Sebastian , Tornberg Marcus , Maliakkal Carina B , Jacobsson Daniel , Mølhave Kristian S , Dick Kimberly A 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Developing a reliable procedure for the growth of III–V nanowires (NW) on silicon (Si) substrates remains a significant challenge, as current methods rely on trial-and-error approaches with varying interpretations of critical process steps such as sample preparation, Au–Si alloy formation in the growth reactor, and NW alignment. Addressing these challenges is essential for enabling high-performance electronic and optoelectronic devices that combine the superior properties of III–V NW semiconductors with the well-established Si-based technology. Combining conventional scalable growth methods, such as metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) with in situ characterization using environmental transmission electron microscopy (ETEM-MOCVD) enables a deeper understanding of the growth dynamics, if that knowledge is transferable to the scalable processes. We report on successful epitaxial growth of Au-catalyzed GaAs NWs on Si(111) substrates using micro-electromechanical system chips with monocrystalline Si-cantilevers in both conventional MOCVD and ETEM-MOCVD systems. The conventional MOCVD provided a framework for initial parameter tuning, while ETEM-MOCVD offered valuable insights into early nucleation and catalyst-substrate interactions. Our findings show that nucleation is significantly influenced by the removal of native oxide layers and the initial formation of the Au–Si alloy. Our in situ studies revealed different NW-substrate interfaces, essential for optimizing the epitaxial growth process. We identified three typical configurations of NW ‘roots’, each impacted by growth conditions and preparation steps, affecting the structural and potentially the optical properties of the NWs. Similarly, doping from the Si-substrate may affect both optical and electrical properties; however, compositional analysis revealed no traces of Si in NWs post-nucleation and a small amount in the catalytic droplet. Our research highlights the importance of in situ studies for a comprehensive understanding of nucleation mechanisms, paving the way for optimizing III–V NW growth on Si substrates and developing high-performance III–V/Si devices.
A multiplexing method based on multidimensional readout method*
Authors: Yu Xin , Liu Han , Zhao Huiping , Tao Jinyong , Liang Da , Zeng Jiayang , Xu Jianfeng , Xie Siwei , Peng Qiyu 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective. To develop and validate a novel multidimensional readout method that significantly reduces the number of readout channels (NRC) in PET detectors while maintaining high spatial and energy performance. Approach. We arranged a

3
×
3
×
4

SiPM array in multiple dimensions and employed row/column/layer summation with a resistor-based splitting circuit. We then applied denoising methods to enhance the peak-to-valley ratio in the decoding map, ensuring accurate crystal-position determination. Additionally, we investigated the system’s energy response at 511 keV and evaluated the suitability for both clinical and research PET systems. Main results. The proposed multidimensional readout method achieved a favorable multiplexing ratio, lowering the total NRCs without compromising energy resolution at 511 keV. Our tests demonstrated that a SiPM bias voltage of 31 V effectively balances gain and saturation effects, resulting in reliable energy measurements. Significance. By reducing system complexity, cost, and power consumption, the multidimensional readout method presents a practical alternative to conventional readout schemes for PET and other large-scale sensor arrays. Additionally, the approach can manage simultaneous multi-layer hits by arranging detector layers and, when needed, uses ICS detection to correct for scatter events. Its adaptable architecture allows scaling to higher dimensions for broader applications (e.g. SPECT, CT, LiDAR). These features make it a valuable contribution toward more efficient, high-performance imaging technologies in both clinical and industrial settings.
Analysis and applications of Nakagami constant-stress model using progressive type-II censored data
Authors: Elwahab Maysaa Elmahi Abd , Alqasem Ohud A , Nassar Mazen 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In the case of trustworthy products, accelerated life tests are crucial techniques used to gather information regarding the lifetime of the target population with a shorter time frame compared to routine investigations. The received data in higher stress levels than normal are then used to predict the reliability of the product under consideration in regular working circumstances. In this paper, the constant-stress accelerated life tests are employed when the data are obtained through a progressive Type-II censoring strategy from Nakagami populations. Besides estimating the model parameters, the reliability function under the usual use conditions is predicted using four estimation procedures. The maximum likelihood, least squares, weighted least squares and maximum product of spacing estimation approaches are utilized for estimation purposes. In addition, two interval estimation methods are considered utilizing the asymptotic features of the maximum likelihood and maximum product of spacing estimates. A simulation investigation is conducted to evaluate the efficiency of diverse point and interval estimations beneath various strategies involving sample sizes, effective number of failures, and removal designs. From a practical perspective, a pair of datasets are explored to confirm the effectiveness of the theoretical findings.
External circuitry effects on the breakdown process of capacitive coupled plasma at medium pressure
Authors: Zhao Lifen , Wu Hao , Wang Yu , Yu Shimin , Chen Zili , Liu Xiangmei , Jiang Wei , Zhang Ya 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We examine the influence of external circuit parameters on the breakdown of radio-frequency capacitively coupled plasma (RF-CCP) at pressures of 1 Torr and 10 Torr using a fluid-external circuit coupled model. At 1 Torr, best impedance matching delays the breakdown time, suggesting that non-best matching may expedite initiation. At 10 Torr, breakdown time decreases slightly under best matching, indicating minimal effect at higher pressures. Higher pressure divides the breakdown onset phase into two stages: an initial decrease in electron density with rising energy, followed by exponential density growth with oscillatory energy increases. Using best matching parameters enhances steady-state electron density and electron heating at both pressures. These findings highlight the significant role of external circuit parameters in the breakdown process and offer insights for optimizing plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) processes.
Influence of air dispersion on the stability of laser pulses
Authors: Bugay Aleksandr N , Khalyapin Vyacheslav A 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The dynamics of pulses propagating in nonlinear dispersive medium are considered. The analysis is based on a theoretical model without the dispersion series expansion that is applicable to the complex dispersion response of air containing many components. A soliton-like solution and the conditions of its stability are obtained. It is shown that there is a limit to the duration of the signal under which it will be stable.
Model—Independent Probe of Cosmic Distance Duality Relation
Authors: Gahlaut Savita 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this paper, cosmic distance duality relation (CDDR) is probed without considering any background cosmological model. The only a priori assumption is that the Universe is described by the Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker (FLRW) metric. The strong gravitational lensing data is used to construct the dimensionless co-moving distance function d(z) and latest type Ia supernovae Pantheon+ data is used to estimate luminosity distances at the corresponding redshifts z. Using the distance sum rule along null geodesics of the FLRW metric, the CDDR violation is probed in both flat and non-flat spacetime by considering two parametrizations for η(z), the function generally used to probe the possible deviations from CDDR. The results show that CDDR is compatible with the observations at a very high level of confidence for linear parametrization in a flat Universe. In a non-flat Universe too, CDDR is valid within the 1σ confidence interval with a mild dependence of η on the curvature density parameter Ω
K
. The results for nonlinear parametrization also show no significant deviation from CDDR.
Estimating the contribution of Arctic sea-ice loss to central Asia temperature anomalies: the case of winter 2020/2021
Authors: Cosford Lara R , Ghosh Rohit , Kretschmer Marlene , Oatley Clare , Shepherd Theodore G 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Arctic sea-ice cover has declined drastically in recent decades, notably in the Barents-Kara Seas (BKS). Previous research has linked low autumn BKS-ice cover to subsequent cold Eurasian winters. This lagged relationship was observed in 2020/2021. Using a causal network framework grounded in known physical mechanisms, we assess how strongly one factor directly influences another (i.e. the causal relationship) and apply this analysis to the anomalies from 2020/2021. We show that although year-to-year BKS-ice variations have only a minor impact on Central Asia temperatures, that causal effect becomes important for attribution and prediction when we consider the large long-term trend in BKS-ice cover. In particular, we find that Central Asia’s 2021 negative winter surface air temperature anomaly (relative to 1980–2020) can be fully explained by the BKS-ice anomaly. We further estimate that BKS-ice loss has more than halved the winter warming over Central Asia over the past 40 years. Hence rather than debating a cooling trend in Central Asia during winter, we propose shifting the focus to the influence of Arctic Amplification on anticipated warming trends. This study illustrates the efficacy of causal network analysis, which has implications for seasonal prediction and attribution of midlatitude winter anomalies.
Many-body density of states of bosonic and fermionic gases: a combinatorial approach
Authors: Echter Carolyn , Maier Georg , Urbina Juan-Diego , Lewenkopf Caio , Richter Klaus 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We use a combinatorial approach to obtain exact expressions for the many-body density of states of fermionic and bosonic gases with equally spaced single-particle spectra. We identify a mapping that reveals a remarkable property, namely, fermionic and bosonic gases have the same many-body density of states, up to a shift corresponding to ground state energy. Additionally, we show that there is a regime, comprising the validity range of the Bethe approximation, where the many-body density of states becomes independent of the number of particles.
Heat transport in the quantum Rabi model: universality and ultrastrong coupling effects
Authors: Magazzù L , Paladino E , Grifoni M 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Heat transport in a qubit–oscillator junction described by the quantum Rabi model is investigated. Upon variation of temperature, bias on the qubit and the qubit–oscillator coupling strength, a rich variety of effects is identified. For weak coupling to bosonic heat baths, transport is essentially controlled by the qubit–oscillator coupling g which defines a Kondo-like temperature

T
K

(
g
)

. At temperatures much lower than

T
K

, coherent heat transfer via virtual processes yields a T
3 behavior in the linear conductance as a function of T, modulated by a prefactor determined by the junction parameters and unravelling its multilevel nature. In particular, a coherent suppression of the conductance arises in the presence of quasi-degeneracies in the spectrum. For

T
≳

T
K

, sequential processes dominate heat transfer and a scaling regime is found when quantities are scaled with

T
K

. The conductance as a function of the bias on the qubit undergoes a transition from a resonant behavior at weak qubit–resonator coupling to a broadened, zero-bias peak regime at ultrastrong coupling.
Leveraging multi-task learning regressor chains for small and sparse tabular data in materials design
Authors: Conrad Felix , Wiemer Hajo , Ihlenfeldt Steffen 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Machine learning has become increasingly important in materials design, yet traditional single-task learning (STL) models fail to fully exploit the potential of available data in scenarios involving multiple targets and incomplete datasets. While STL models overlook the inherent correlations between target properties, this study showcases how multi-task learning (MTL) effectively leverages these correlations. Therefore, the performance of MTL methods compared to STL is evaluated across five datasets, covering twelve prediction tasks and incorporating different types and levels of data sparsity. Our findings reveal that MTL significantly outperforms STL, particularly in sparse data scenarios, with up to 15% prediction improvements across all tasks. Moreover, MTL methods utilizing regressor chains with automated machine learning tools achieve superior performance compared to those based on neural networks, with minimal training effort required. This work advances data efficiency in data-driven materials design, establishing MTL as a potent tool for simultaneous learning and predicting multiple material properties.
Fluorophore signal detection and imaging enhancement in high refractive index nanowire biosensors
Authors: Anttu Nicklas 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Semiconductor nanowires are an efficient platform for fluorescence-based biosensors. Here, we model how a GaP nanowire (i) enhances the excitation intensity at the position of the fluorophore attached to the nanowire sidewall, (ii) enhances the probability to collect photons emitted from the fluorophore, and (iii) through the Purcell effect increases the quantum yield of the fluorophore. With optimized design, we can reach a larger than 102 enhancement in signal. We also model imaging-based detection. There, waveguiding in the nanowire beats the limitations set by the depth of view in conventional microscopy, enabling the use of a long nanowire to enhance the binding-area for fluorophores. As an example, we can focus to the top of a 4000 nm long nanowire and reach a 25 times sharper image from a fluorophore at the bottom of the nanowire, as compared to such a 4000 nm defocusing in a conventional planar biosensor platform.
Flux pinning in superconducting multilayer 2H-NbSe2 nano-step junction
Authors: Kwon Minseong , Kim Mingi , Gong Yoonji , Lee Heeyeon , Kim Young Duck 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Superconductors exhibit dissipationless supercurrents even under finite bias and magnetic field conditions, provided these remain below the critical values. However, type-II superconductors in the flux flow regime display Ohmic dissipation arising from vortex dynamics under finite magnetic fields. The interplay between supercurrent and Ohmic dissipation in a type-II superconductor is dictated by vortex motion and the robustness of vortex pinning forces. In this study, we present an experimental investigation of the superconducting phase transitions and vortex dynamics in the atomically thin type-II superconductor 2H-NbSe2. We fabricated a high-quality multilayer 2H-NbSe2 with a step junction, demonstrating supercurrent in clean limit below a critical temperature of 6.6 K and a high residual resistance ratio of 17. The upper critical field was estimated to be 4.5 T and the Ginzburg–Landau coherence length 8.6 nm. Additionally, we observed phase transitions induced by vortex viscous dynamics in the 2H-NbSe2 step junction. Analysis of the pinning force density using the Dew-Hughes model indicates that the pinning force in the 2H-NbSe2 device can be attributed to step junction, related to the surface-Δκ type of pinning centers. Our findings pave the way for engineering pinning forces by introducing artificial pinning centers through partial atomic thickness variation in layered 2D superconductors while minimizing unwanted quality degradation in the system.
Reimagining Veteran Identity
Authors: Gurney Peter , Grant Matthew , Morley Joel 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The emergence of a ‘veteran identity’ in the twenty-first century has been of major importance to how national servicemen have made sense of their time in the forces. Contemporary cultures of commemoration surrounding both the First World War and the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan underpinned a sense of a wider identify linking all those who have served. Although separated by 90 years, these wars are linked by the perceived heroism of ordinary soldiers and the neglect they suffered at the hands of both politicians and the general public. This model of military service has helped open up a space in which memories of conflict and military participation are seen as more significant for both individuals and the nation.
Unravelling the Myth
Authors: Gurney Peter , Grant Matthew , Morley Joel 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The myth of classlessness frequently unravelled as life stories were recounted. Although interviewees routinely denied the relevance of class, they also proved most adept at using class language. They used it to make sense of the communities in which they grew up, becoming more aware of social difference as they moved through education, courtship and work. Conflict among conscripts from different regions undermined the idea of classlessness during national service, and so too did conflict between conscripts and officers from public schools. Some interviewees from middle-class families learned to negotiate better class relations during national service, which they turned to their advantage in civilian life.
Subjectivity and Gender Identity
Authors: Gurney Peter , Grant Matthew , Morley Joel 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The constitution of masculine subjectivity had inescapably psychological dimensions and is not simply a matter of following cultural scripts. The way national service helped some conscripts overcome their ‘inferiority complex’ and negotiate their role in the ‘family drama’ is discussed in this chapter, the latter sometimes resulting in confrontation with fathers of various kinds. The chapter goes on to provide a detailed case study of an individual who felt greater need to break away from their mother’s rather than their father’s influence. For this interviewee, national service provided the space and the models he required in order to remake his masculine self, in ways that proved highly useful in later life.
Duty, Moral Knowledge, and Intrinsic Value in Rossian Intuitionism
Authors: Audi Robert 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter has two main aims. First, it clarifies both Ross’s ethical intuitionism and the notions of intuition and intuitionism in ethics generally—both are variously conceived, and sometimes misconceived, in ethical literature. Second, it extends Ross’s moral theory in ways that show its strength and wide applicability in ethics, theoretical and applied. Six elements in Ross’s theory in The Right and the Good (1930) are presented and briefly assessed: the increasingly important notion of prima facie duty; the kindred concept of overall duty—“duty proper,” in one phrase Ross uses for the prevailing (“final”) duty one has when conflicting prima facie duties are accounted for; the notion—important for most intuitionists—of self-evidence; Ross’s account of intrinsic value and its relation to duty; the nature and scope of beneficence, a concept important for Ross and indeed any comprehensive ethics; and finally, Ross’s metaphysics, particularly its relation to ethical naturalism.
The Prima Facie/Overall Duty Distinction
Authors: Crisp Roger 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter attempts to elucidate, and to explain the history and the importance of, the distinction between what Ross called ‘prima facie’ duties and ‘overall’ duties. The first section outlines Ross’s celebrated discussion, distinguishing a conditional account from a comparative account based on the idea of ‘tendencies’. Ross’s view is set against those of Prichard and Price, and it is suggested that Price could be said to have offered an earlier and clearer account of prima facie duties. The second section shows how Aristotle’s ethical view would have been improved through recognition of the distinction. The final section, with reference to the so-called ‘All or Nothing Problem’, shows how failure to recognize the prima facie/overall distinction, and in particular its capacity to explain good aspects of actions which are bad overall, continues to cause unnecessary complications in moral philosophy.
Ross and Aesthetic Value
Authors: Bradford Gwen 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
While Ross did not, so far as it seems, write on aesthetic value in any work dedicated exclusively to that topic, he defends a view of aesthetic value in The Right and the Good that he further develops in Foundations of Ethics. Ross has a dispositionalist account of the definition of aesthetic value: aesthetic value, specifically beauty, is a disposition to induce aesthetic experience. But beauty is instrumentally, not intrinsically, valuable. Rather, only aesthetic experience is intrinsically valuable. Nevertheless, its value is derivative: it is composed of the value of pleasure and the value of knowledge, two underivative goods. Ross enhances his aesthetic axiology in Foundations of Ethics, adding that artistic creation may have intrinsic value, which he does by drawing on a perfectionist rationale. This chapter presents an overview and critical discussion of Ross’s views on aesthetic value.