bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Pathological data of renal biopsy at one single center in China from 1987 to 2012
Authors: Zhang Xueguang , Liu Shuwen , Tang Li , Wu Jie , Chen Pu , Yin Zhong , Li Minxia , Xie Yuansheng , Cai Guangyan , Wei Ribao , Qiu Qiang , Wang Yuanda , Shi Suozhu , Chen Xiangmei 
Published: January 2024

Background
In China, the prevalence of chronic kidney disease has increased significantly. Many studies shows that the spectrum of kidney disease had changed in recent years. We retrospectively analyzed the pathological types of renal biopsy and its spectrum change at the General Hospital of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army from December 1987 to December 2012, in order to offer new supporting evidences for further specifying the distribution of renal pathological types in China.

Methods
According to the “Revised Protocol for the Histological Typing of Glomerulopathy” (WHO, 1995), pathological diagnosis of renal biopsy was classified, detection rate of each pathological type was summarized (i.e., percentage of total renal biopsy cases), study period was divided at an interval of 5 years, and age-stratified distribution change of main pathological types was analyzed.

Results
The proportion of pathological types in 11 618 cases of renal biopsy was as follows: primary glomerulonephritis (PGN, 70.7%), secondary glomerulonephritis (SGN, 20.7%), tubular-interstitial nephropathy (4.0%), hereditary/rare nephropathy (0.3%), end-stage renal disease (0.9%), and unclassified renal disease (3.3%). Among PGN, there was IgA nephropathy (IgAN, 37.0%), membranous nephropathy (MN, 11.8%), mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (MsPGN, 8.9%), minimal change disease (MCD, 6.6%), and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (3.9%). Among SGN there was lupus nephritis (LN, 5.5%), Henoch-Schönlein purpura glomerulonephritis (5.3%), hepatitis B virus-associated nephritis (HBVAN, 3.03%), diabetic nephropathy (2.2%), and hypertension/malignant hypertension-associated renal damage (1.9%). Pathological data were analyzed from 1987-1992 to 2008-2012 (after age adjustment). Detection rate of IgAN tended to rise (P <0.001). Detection rates of MN and MCD rose significantly (P <0.001), but detection rate of MsPGN dropped significantly (P <0.001). Among SGN, detection rate of HBVAN tended to drop (P <0.001).

Conclusion
In China, PGN was the most common glomerulopathy (mostly IgAN), LN was the most common SGN, and detection rate of MN and MCD rose significantly.
Clinical and serological characterization of autoimmune hemolytic anemia after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Yang Zhen , Wu Bangzhao , Zhou Youning , Wang Wenjuan , Chen Suning , Sun Aining , Wu Depei , Xu Yang 
Published: January 2024

Background
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is an uncommon complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) which has only been reported in a few cases. We here aimed to explore its mechanism.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed 296 patients who underwent allo-HSCT in our center from July 2010 to July 2012. Clinical manifestations were carefully reviewed and the response to currently available treatment approaches were evaluated. The survival and risk factors of AIHA patients after allo-HSCT were further analyzed.

Results
Twelve patients were diagnosed with AIHA at a median time of 100 days (15–720 days) after allo-HSCT. The incidence of AIHA after allo-HSCT was 4.1%. IgG antibody were detected in ten patients and IgM antibody in two patients. The two cold antibody AIHA patients had a better response to steroid corticoid only treatment and the ten warm antibody AIHA patients responded to corticosteroid treatment and adjustment of immunosuppressant therapy. Rituximab was shown to be effective for AIHA patients who failed conventional therapy. Survival analysis showed that the combination of AIHA in allo-HSCT patients hinted at poor survival. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA) mismatch seemed to increase the risk of developing AIHA.

Conclusions
Patients who develop AIHA after allo-HSCT have poor survival compared to non-AIHA patients. Possible risk factors of AIHA are CMV infection, GVHD, and HLA mismatch. Rituximab is likely to be the effective treatment choice for the refractory patients.
Detection of abnormalities in dyspneic patients using a new lung imaging modality
Authors: Wang Zhen , Xiong Yingxia 
Published: January 2024

Background
Although chest radiography is a useful examination tool, it has limitations. Because not all chest conditions can be detected on a radiograph, radiography cannot necessarily rule out all irregularities in the chest. Therefore, further imaging studies may be required to clarify the results of a chest radiograph, or to identify abnormalities that are not readily visible. The aim of this study was to compare traditional chest radiography with acoustic-based imaging (vibration response imaging) for the detection of lung abnormalities in patients with acute dyspnea.

Methods
The current investigation was a pilot study. Respiratory sounds throughout the respiratory cycle were captured using an acoustic-based imaging technique. Consecutive patients who presented to the emergency department with acute dyspnea and a normal chest radiograph on admission were enrolled and underwent imaging at the time of presentation. Dynamic and static images of vibration (breath sounds) and a dynamic image score were generated, and assessments were made using an evaluation form.

Results
In healthy volunteer controls (n=61), the mean dynamic image score was 6.3±1.9. In dyspneic patients with normal chest radiographs (n=51) and abnormal chest radiographs (n=48), the dynamic image scores were 4.7±2.7 and 5.1±2.5, respectively (P <0.05). The final assessment of the vibration images indicated abnormal findings in 15%, 86% and 90% of the participants in the above groups, respectively (P <0.05).

Conclusions
In patients with acute dyspnea who present with normal chest radiographs, respiratory sound analyses often showed abnormal values. Hence, the ability of acoustic-based recordings to offer objective and noninvasive measurements of abnormal sound transmission may be useful in the clinical setting for patients presenting with acute dyspnea.
Magnetic resonance study of the structure and function of the hippocampus and amygdala in patients with depression
Authors: Yuefeng Li , Jinchuan Yan , Dongqing Wang , Meifang Sun , Yan Zhu , Xiaolan Zhu , Ping Jiang , Ruigen Yin , Liang Zhao 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundThe hippocampus and amygdala exhibit structural and functional alterations in patients with depression. The objective of this study was to investigate the structural and functional relationships between these core regions.MethodsBased on the severity of their condition, 60 patients and 20 healthy controls were equally divided into four groups (mild group, moderate group, major group and health controls group), scanned by T1-MR, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI). Structural image, BOLD image, and SWI image were collected for processing and analysis. The characteristics of the depression and controls were checked by analysis of variance test, and the difference between groups was checked by Dunnett's test.ResultsThe volume of hippocampus and amygdala varied with the severity of the condition. The signal obtained under the stimulation of negative events was linearly decreased in the mild, moderate and major groups revealed by fMRI. The length and diameter of the lateral ventricle vein was reduced in the mild group, whereas the number of branches increased. In the moderate and major groups, the reduction in the length, diameter and increase in the number of branches of the lateral ventricle vein were greater.ConclusionThe alterations of the volume, fMRI, and cerebral veins in these core regions may account for the causal relationship between structure and function.
Extrahepatic manifestations of chronic hepatitis C virus infection: 297 cases from a tertiary medical center in Beijing, China
Authors: Cheng Zhaojing , Zhou Baotong , Shi Xiaochun , Zhang Yao , Zhang Lifan , Chen Limeng , Liu Xiaoqing 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundChronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection can affect multiple organ systems and cause a variety of extrahepatic manifestations (EMs). We sought to assess the constituent ratio of EMs in Chinese patients with chronic HCV infection and identify the clinical and biological factors associated with EM.MethodsThe medical records of 297 patients with chronic HCV infection were analyzed and demographic and epidemiological information was collected. The diagnosis of chronic HCV infection was based on positive anti-HCV combined with a positive HCV-RNA or at least two times of elevated aminotransferases attributable to HCV infection. Patients with HBV and/or HIV coinfection, autoimmune hepatitis, and history of alcohol abuse were excluded.ResultsSixty-two percent (184/297) of the patients had at least one EM, including fatigue (29.4%), type 2 diabetes mellitus (28.2%), renal involvement (12.5%), lymphadenopathy (9.6%), fever (9.4%), thyroid dysfunction (8.1%), and arthralgia (7.4%). Neuropathy, sicca syndrome, B-cell lymphoma, Raynaud's phenomenon, and lichen planus were rare. The mean age of patients with EM was older compared with those without EM.ConclusionsEMs were common in Chinese patients with chronic HCV infection, particularly fatigue, type 2 diabetes, renal impairment, lymphadenophy, fever, and thyroid dysfunction. Older age was associated with EMs.
Value of STOP-Bang questionnaire in screening patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome in sleep disordered breathing clinic
Authors: Luo Jinmei , Huang Rong , Zhong Xu , Xiao Yi , Zhou Jiong 
Published: January 2024

Background
Obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is the most common sleep-disordered breathing and is still underdiagnosed. This study was designed to evaluate the value of the STOP-Bang questionnaire (SBQ) in screening OSAHS in sleep-disordered breathing clinics in order to extend it into the general Chinese population.

Methods
Two hundred and twelve patients undergoing overnight polysomnography (PSG) in the sleep-disordered breathing clinic of Pecking Union Medical College Hospital between May 2011 and January 2012 were prospectively included and were asked to fill in the SBQ. A score of 3 or more of the SBQ indicated a high risk of OSAHS. We analyzed the sensitivities and specificities of SBQ in screening OSAHS. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the probabilities of the severity of OSAHS based upon the apnea hypopnea index (AHI).

Results
The patients at high risk of OSAHS had higher AHI, higher oxygen desaturation index (ODI), lower pulse oxygen saturation (LSpO2) during sleep time and less sleep time in stage N3. SBQ scores were positively correlated with AHI, ODI and the ratio of SpO2 lower than 90%, and negatively correlated with LSpO2 during sleep. The sensitivities of the SBQ with AHI ≥5/h, AHI ≥15/h, AHI ≥30/h as cut-offs were 94.9%, 96.5%, and 97.7%, respectively, and the specificities were 50.0%, 28.6%, and 17.9%, respectively. The Logistic regression analysis showed the probability of severe OSAHS increased and the probability of normal subjects decreased with increasing SBQ score.

Conclusions
The STOP-Bang questionnaire has excellent sensitivity in screening OSAHS patients and can predict the severity of OSAHS. More studies will be required to determine the value of SBQ in the general Chinese population.
Clinical diagnostic performance of the simultaneous amplification and testing methods for detection of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex for smear-negative or sputum-scarce pulmonary tuberculosis in China
Authors: Fan Lin , Zhang Qing , Cheng Liping , Liu Zhibing , Ji Xiaobing , Cui Zhenling , Ju Jingliang , Xiao Heping 
Published: January 2024

Background
Early detection of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is a big challenge in smear negative and sputum scarce patients in China. Simultaneous amplification and testing methods for detection of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) complex (SAT-TB assay) is a novel molecular technique established in our hospital. This method has a high sensitivity and specificity in the lab. In this study, the clinical diagnostic performance of this method in smear-negative or sputum-scarce PTB suspects was investigated and evaluated.

Methods
Two hundred smear negative and 80 sputum-scarce patients were recruited in this study. Samples that included sputum or bronchial washing fluid were collected and sent for both bacteria culture and SAT-TB assay. Diagnosis for these patients was based on the comprehensive evaluation of chestX- ray/CT study, histology examination, lab results, and treatment response. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) for each diagnostic test were investigated and calculated using confirmed tuberculosis (TB) and non-TB cases. The time required for detection of MTB was also measured for each method.

Results
Ninety-two patients (33%) were diagnosed as definitive TB, 112 patients (40%) were probable PTB, and 76 (27%) were non-TB. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of SAT-TB in smear-negative PTB suspects were 93% (95% CI, 84%-98%), 98% (95% CI, 90%-100%), 98% (95% CI, 91%-100%), and 93% (95% CI, 83%-98%). In sputum scarce PTB suspects, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of the SAT-TB assay on bronchial washing fluids were 90% (95% CI, 74%-98%), 100% (95% CI, 85%-100%), 100% (95% CI, 88%-100%), and 88% (95% CI, 69%-97%). The accuracy of the SAT-TB assay is consistent with the bacteria culture assay. The median time required for detecting MTB in the SAT-TB assay was 0.5 day, which was much faster than bacteria culture (28 days).

Conclusions
The SAT-TB assay is a fast and accurate method for the detection of MTB. It can be widely applied in the clinic and be an asset in early detection and management of PTB suspects, especially in those patients who are smear negative or sputum scarce.
Advances in the study on endogenous sulfur dioxide in the cardiovascular system
Authors: Tian Hong 
Published: January 2024

Objective
This review summarized the current advances in understanding the role of the novel gasotransmitter, sulfur dioxide (SO2), in the cardiovascular system.

Data sources
Articles on the advances in the study of the role of endogenous sulfur dioxide in the cardiovascular system were accessed from PubMed and CNKI from 2003 to 2013, using keywords such as “endogenous sulfur dioxide” and “cardiovascular system”.

Study selection
Articles with regard to the role of SO2 in the regulation of cardiovascular system were selected.

Results
Recently, scientists discovered that an endogenous SO2 pathway is present in the cardiovascular system and exerts physiologically significant effects, such as regulation of the cardiac function and the pathogenesis of various cardiopulmonary diseases such as hypoxic pulmonary hypertension, hypertension, coronary atherosclerosis, and cardiac ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, in the cardiovascular system.

Conclusions
Endogenous SO2 is a novel member of the gasotransmitter family in addition to the nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Studies indicated that it has a role in regulating the cardiovascular disease.
Immune system modifications and feto-maternal immune tolerance
Authors: Dan Song , Yichao Shi 
Published: January 2024

ObjectiveThis review aimed at understanding pregnancy-induced changes in the maternal immune response and mechanisms for the establishment of feto-maternal tolerance.Data sourcesArticles cited in this review were obtained from PubMed in English from 2000 to 2014, and the search string included keywords such as feto-maternal tolerance, dendritic cells, macrophage, T regulatory cells, natural killer cells, cytokines and hormone.Study selectionArticles regarding altered maternal immune response, including the proliferation and differentiation of the altered cells, and the production of cytokines and regulation of hormones in the feto-maternal interface were retrieved, reviewed and analyzed.ResultsThe changes in immune cells and cytokines in the local uterine microenvironment and peripheral blood are correlated with the establishment of feto-maternal tolerance. The endocrine system regulates the maternal immune system, promoting modifications during pregnancy. In these regulatory networks, every factor is indispensible for others.ConclusionsThe integration and balance of these immune factors during pregnancy give rise to an environment that enables the fetus to escape rejection by the maternal immune system. This progress is complicated, and needs more comprehensive exploration and explanation.
Genetic polymorphism of the phospholipase C epsilon 1 gene and risk of gastric cancer
Authors: Xinyang Liu , Xiaowei Zhang , Zhichao Wang , Jinjia Chang , Zheng Wu , Zhe Zhang , Shanshan Wang , Jin Li 
Published: January 2024

Background
The pathogenesis of gastric cancer (GC) involves environmental and genetic factors. Recently, two genome-wide association studies found that phospholipase C epsilon 1 (PLCE1) polymorphisms might be related to GC risk, and several studies further validated this finding. However, these studies yielded inconsistent results.

Methods
A comprehensive database search was performed to identify eligible studies. Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated to assess the strength of the association between PLCE1 rs2274223, rs753724, and rs11187842 and risk of GC. Subgroup analyses, publication bias, and sensitivity analyses were also conducted.

Results
Eleven studies (12 cohorts) were included in the meta-analysis. Based on 13 676 cases and 23 569 controls, a significant association between PLCE1 rs2274223 and GC risk was detected under various genotypic models. In the subgroup analyses, the association was significant for cardia GC, but weak for non-cardia GC. The association under the heterozygote model was detected for PLCE1 rs753724 and rs11187842 based on three studies involving 2768 cases and 3890 controls.

Conclusions
Our findings demonstrate that the presence of the G allele at rs2274223 of the PLCE1 gene may contribute to susceptibility to GC, especially cardia GC. PLCE1 rs753724 and rs11187842 are associated with GC risk under the heterozygote model. Further well-designed large studies are warranted to validate these findings.
Nine-month angiographic and two-year clinical follow-up of polymer-free sirolimus-eluting stent versus durable-polymer sirolimus-eluting stent for coronary artery disease: the Nano randomized trial
Authors: Zhang Yaojun , Chen Fang , Muramatsu Takashi , Xu Bo , Li Zhanquan , Ge Junbo , He Qing , Yang Zhijian , Li Shumei , Wang Lefeng , Wang Haichang , He Ben , Li Kang , Qi Guoxian , Li Tianchang , Zeng Hesong , Peng Jianjun , Jiang Tieming , Zeng Qiutang , Zhu Jianhua , Fu Guosheng , Bourantas Christos V. , Serruys Patrick W. , Huo Yong 
Published: January 2024

Background
First generation drug-eluting stents (DES) were associated with a high incidence of late stent thrombosis (ST), mainly due to delayed healing and re-endothelization by the durable polymer coating. This study sought to assess the safety and efficacy of the Nano polymer-free sirolimus-eluting stent (SES) in the treatment of patients with de novo coronary artery lesions.

Methods
The Nano trial is the first randomized trial designed to compare the safety and efficacy of the Nano polymer-free SES and Partner durable-polymer SES (Lepu Medical Technology, Beijing, China) in the treatment of patients with de novo native coronary lesions. The primary endpoint was in-stent late lumen loss (LLL) at 9-month follow-up. The secondary endpoint was major adverse cardiac events (MACE), a composite of cardiac death, myocardial infarction or target lesion revascularization.

Results
A total of 291 patients (Nano group: n=143, Partner group: n=148) were enrolled in this trial from 19 Chinese centers. The Nano polymer-free SES was non-inferior to the Partner durable-polymer DES at the primary endpoint of 9 months (P <0.001). The 9-month in-segment LLL of the polymer-free Nano SES was comparable to the Partner SES (0.34±0.42) mm vs. (0.30±0.48) mm, P=0.21). The incidence of MACE in the Nano group were 7.6% compared to the Partner group of 5.9% (P=0.75) at 2 years follow-up. The frequency of cardiac death and stent thrombosis was low for both Nano and Partner SES (0.8% vs. 0.7%, 0.8% vs. 1.5%, both P=1.00).

Conclusions
In this multicenter randomized Nano trial, the Nano polymer-free SES showed similar safety and efficacy compared with the Partner SES in the treatment of patients with de novo coronary artery lesions. Trials in patients with complex lesions and longer term follow-up are necessary to confirm the clinical performance of this novel Nano polymer-free SES.
Impact of biodegradable versus durable polymer drug-eluting stents on clinical outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease: a meta-analysis of 15 randomized trials
Authors: Zhang Yaojun , Tian Nailiang , Dong Shengjie , Ye Fei , Li Minghui , Bourantas Christos V. , Iqbal Javaid , Onuma Yoshinobu , Muramatsu Takashi , Diletti Roberto , Garcia-Garcia Hector M. , Xu Bo , Serruys Patrick W. , Chen Shaoliang 
Published: January 2024

Background
Drug eluting stents (DESs) made with biodegradable polymer have been developed in an attempt to improve clinical outcomes. However, the impact of biodegradable polymers on clinical events and stent thrombosis (ST) remains controversial.

Methods
We searched Medline, the Cochrane Library and other internet sources, without language or date restrictions for articles comparing clinical outcomes between biodegradable polymer DES and durable polymer DES. Safety endpoints were ST (definite, definite/probable), mortality, and myocardial infarction (MI). Efficacy endpoints were major adverse cardiac event (MACE) and target lesion revascularization (TLR).

Results
We identified 15 randomized controlled trials (n=17 068) with a weighted mean follow-up of 20.6 months. There was no statistical difference in the incidence of definite/probable ST between durable polymer- and biodegradable polymer-DES; relative risk (RR) 0.83; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.62–1.11; P=0.22. Biodegradable polymer DES had similar rates of definite ST (RR 0.94, 95% CI 0.66–1.33, P=0.72), mortality (RR 0.94, 95% CI 0.82–1.09, P=0.43), MI (RR 1.08, 95% CI 0.92–1.26. P=0.35), MACE (RR 0.99, 95% CI 0.91–1.09, P=0.85), and TLR (RR, 0.94, 95% CI 0.83–1.06, P=0.30) compared with durable polymer DES. Based on the stratified analysis of the included trials, the treatment effect on definite ST was different at different follow-up times: ≤1 year favoring durable polymer DES and >1 year favoring biodegradable polymer DES.

Conclusions
Biodegradable polymer DES has similar safety and efficacy for treating patients with coronary artery disease compared with durable polymer DES. Further data with longer term follow-up are warranted to confirm the potential benefits of biodegradable polymer DES.