bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Surrounding Sky
Authors: Wilk Stephen R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Astronomica 1s ONE OF THE poetical works R. H. Allen referred to as a source for a name for Algol-the Gorgonis Ora I mentioned in the last chapter.1 In Book 1, line 359, of this first-century poem, Manilius simply says that Perseus held up the face of the Gorgon to kill the Sea Monster (Cetus, although Manilius doesn’t name her). R. H. Allen notwithstanding, Manilius does not, in fact, try to identify any star or cluster of stars with the Gorgon’s face.
The Gorgon Today
Authors: Wilk Stephen R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
No One Knows Exactly Who Sir John Mandeville was. He claimed to be an English knight, but that claim is probably as false as everything else about him. In 1372 a certain Jean de Bourgogne of Liege in Belgium claimed on his deathbed to have written the Travel.s, and his tombstone identifies him as the knight, but that assertion has come under suspicion, as well. Whoever he was, his book was wildly popular in its day-one of the first printed bestsellers. More than three hundred copies survive from the beginning of the sixteenth century, translated into every European language. Mandeville’s book was perused by Christopher Columbus before he undertook his historic voyage, by the explorer Frobisher, and by many others. Like a great many bestsellers since, its charms are not due to the veracity of its contents. It is Mandeville we have to thank for the Vegetable Lamb of Tartary and the Vegetable Goose of the West, among other travel legends. We know that he stole large portions of his book from the works of others without attribution (at least twenty such sources have been identified), and that he bumbled a few other sources together and made up much of the rest. He does have a few supporters who claim to have identified original and believable sections amid all this dross.
From the Biblical to the Immanent Trinity
Authors: Coffey David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The New Testament has a single overall purpose, which is stated succinctly in the “first ending” of the Fourth Gospel: “[T]hese things are written so that you may come to believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God, and that through believing you may have life in his name” (Jn 20.31). In other words, the New Testament is nothing other than witness to Christ, and to him as being “for us and for our salvation,” to quote the Nicene Creed. This pronobis (“for us”) presentation of Christ has several consequences.1 One is that the New Testament is less interested in telling us of Jesus’ inner life and relationship to the Father than in presenting him objectively as our teacher in his lifetime and as our savior through his death and Resurrection. Many of the questions, therefore, that the modem age, with its interests in psychology and spirituality, wants to address to the New Testament concerning him simply cannot be answered from that source, or at best can be answered only indirectly. Often this will mean that such answers necessarily lack the rigor that is possible for answers about Christ in his objective aspect, and hence it is clear that it would be unreasonable to criticize them on that account.
looking about a bit more: other Christian sources for the historical jesus
Authors: Ehrman Bart D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We have already begun to consider the reliability of the canonical gospels for reconstructing the life of jesus. despite a good deal of media hype in recent years, a lot of people still don’t realize that we have other Gospels that did not make it into the New Testament. Lots of other Gospels, in fact—over a couple of dozen of them. Many of these Gospels make for fascinating reading and can be of real significance for a scholar interested in knowing about how Jesus came to be understood in later times. But most of them are latecomers—the bulk of them date from the third to the eighth centuries, hundreds of years after Jesus himself. And nearly all of them are based on the New Testament Gospels themselves. For these reasons, they are not, as a rule, useful for the historian seeking independent verification of the things Jesus said and did.
from apocalyptic prophet to lord of all: the afterlife of jesus
Authors: Ehrman Bart D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
From the very beginning, christian theology has maintained that jesus truly died, was truly buried, and was truly raised from the dead. The earliest author of the New Testament already makes this confession in a fixed formula that he claims he inherited from those who were apostles before him: “For I gave to you as of first importance what I also received, that Christ died for our sins in accordance with the Scriptures, that he was buried, and that he was raised on the third day in accordance with the Scriptures, and that he appeared to Cephas and then to the twelve” (i Cor. I5:3~5)’ Indeed, the reality of Jesus’ actual, physical resurrection is attested by all of our earliest narrative Gospels, including the Gospel of Peter.
Vita Bernardi
Authors: Evans G R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Bernard’s contemporary life-story was written by people who knew him well. It was a joint enterprise.1 Geoffrey of Auxerre began to prepare a Vita from the time Eugenius III was elected pope in 1145, for Eugenius had been a Cistercian monk and could be expected to look with favour in due course on a life history designed to win canonisation for Bernard. That was almost always the purpose of the writing of such a life story at this period. Indeed, it was possible to hire hagiographers who would devise an account for almost anyone according to the accepted canons of the genre.
Moral Theology, Law, and Justice
Authors: Evans G R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Bernard had read Anselm. He borrows Anselm’s image at the beginning of the Cur Deus Homo of a picture which has not been painted upon a solid base, but upon the air,1 although he uses it for a different purpose: to emphasize the difference between an empty, listless following of Christ, and a process of purposeful pursuit until the Christian is embraced by Christ himself with solemn joy and then ‘fed’ in a bliss of fullness of life.
Varieties of Eclectic Experience The Case of Colonial Bengal
Authors: Hatcher Brian A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
While eclecticism, like Hinduism, makes for a handy working category, we must avoid treating it as if it were a monolithic phenomenon. Pierluigi Donini contends that one of the problems with Eduard Zeller’ s view of later Greek eclecticism was its “excessively generic character,” which prevented it from accounting for obvious differences, such as that be¬ tween the Stoicism of Panaetius and the Neoplatonism of Plotinus (Donini 1988: 27). Donini rightly attempts to correct some of the dam¬ age done by Zeller and to offer guidance in the best use of the term eclecticism in the future. However, I would question his categorical rejection of Zeller. Granted, we must seek more sophisticated models for capturing the complexity of the phenomenon of eclecticism, but perhaps we can enlist Zeller’s help in this cause. We might, for instance, use Zeller as but one tool alongside several others that we have at hand (to borrow Wendy Doniger’s useful metaphor).
God The Trinity
Authors: Cross Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
According to orthodox Christianity, God is a Trinity of persons: Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. Traditionally, the Father is in some sense the source of the other two persons; the Son and the Holy Spirit are said to proceed from him. Central to all understandings of this doctrine is that the claim that there are three divine persons does not entail the further claim that there are three Gods. Not surprisingly, this doctrine has caused theologians some difficulty. Eastern Christianity, taking its cue from the great Cappadocian fathers (Basil of Caesarea, Gregory of Nyssa, and Gregory of Nazianzus), has tended to emphasize what are sometimes known as ‘‘social’’ models of the Trinity. The divine persons on this view are something like three individuals living in indivisible community with each other. The West, following Augustine, has tended to see the three persons as something like three ways in which the one divine essence exists. On this admittedly rough analysis, the difficulty faced by those theologians who prefer social models of the Trinity is avoiding tritheism; the problem for the more ‘‘Augustinian’’ theologians is avoiding modalism, the belief that the three persons are just modes of divine self-presentation to us.
Jesus: Predestination And Merit
Authors: Cross Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One of the most interesting hard cases for the communication of properties discussed by Scotus is the following: ‘‘Christ was predestined to be the Son of God.’’ Scotus claims that this statement is true, on the basis that Christ’s human nature was predestined to be united to the second person of the Trinity. Much of the question is taken up with a discussion of the motive for this predestination. Was Christ’s human nature predestined to be united to the Son of God because of the Fall of Adam and the consequent need for redemption? Or was it predestined irrespective of the Fall? Aquinas holds that the incarnation was a result of the Fall, and that speculation as to what might have happened had Adam not fallen is pointless, since ‘‘we can only know about those things which result merely from God’s will (beyond anything owed to a creature) if they are treated in scripture, through which the divine will makes them known.’’
Introduction
Authors: Gibbons Reginald , Segal Charles 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Dionysos is the god of Letting Go. One of his cult titles repeatedly alluded to in the Bakkhai is Lysios, the Releaser. He liberates from the constrictions and restraints of ordinary social life. He does this through his gifts of wine, his breakdown of inhibitions in group ecstasy and excited dancing and singing, and through the lesser intoxications of the illusion-inducing power of the mask and the theater. He offers a liberating surrender of self that, in the extreme and nightmarish form envisaged in the play, brings homicidal madness. In its more benign version however, it offers the restorative blessings of festivity, collective enjoyment, and the exhilarating release of barriers between oneself and others. Letting go, surrendering control, yielding to the intoxicating effects of wine or exciting music, total fusion with the group in emotional participation and exultation in our animal energies-these are the gifts that Dionysos holds out to Thebes and through Thebes to all of Greece, that is (in our terms), to the civilized world.
On The Translation
Authors: Gibbons Reginald , Segal Charles 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I have based this translation on the editions of the Greek text by E. R. Dodds (1960) and Richard Seaford (1996), on reference to translations by classicists, including those by Seaford himself, Stephen Esposito, William Arrowsmith, and others, on the extensive scholarship in Dodds’s notes to his edition, and on Charles Segal’s Dionysiac Poetics and Euripides’ Bacchae (1997) and his specific suggestions for this new version of the play.
The Retail Revolution: Traditional Versus Lean Retailing
Authors: Abernathy Frederick H , Dunlop John T , Hammond Janice H , Weil David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 1911, John Wanamaker opened his flagship store in downtown Philadelphia. The twelve-story building, with its forty-five acres of floor space, was the largest of its time devoted to retail merchandising. Its central “Grand Court” had marble arches that rose 150 feet and was capped by a dome. Major physical innovations were hidden behind this visual wonder: sixty-eight state-of-the-art elevators; the latest in fire proofing; a large power plant devoted entirely to the store; and sophisticated heating, ventilating, and sanitation systems.
Inventory Management for the Manufacturer: Production Planning and Optimal Sourcing Decisions
Authors: Abernathy Frederick H , Dunlop John T , Hammond Janice H , Weil David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Retailers’ calls to apparel manufacturers about late delivery are the basis for many a tall tale at retail conventions. In the past, the standard reply to a query about what had happened to an order was “It’s on the loading dock.” Information systems at apparel factories were primitive. If all the SKUs for an order were not in the warehouse, substitutions of the same style in a different size would be offered to the retailer. Or retailers might not even notice if an unplanned substitution had been made because their information systems were equally as primitive. If there were insufficient SKUs of the requested style, the order would be shorted or a phone call made to the retail buyer to negotiate a solution to the problem. If no SKUs of the order were in the finished goods warehouse, then the search of the factory floor-where there might be tens of thousands of partially completed items to look through-would begin.
Then along came lean retailing and the need for rapid replenishment-manufacturers are now expected to replenish products in less than a week. At first, only a few retailers required this, and apparel manufacturers tried to meet these needs with minimal changes in their internal practices. Often, this was done at the expense of a manufacturer’s non-lean retail customers. For example, the CEO of a men’s dress-shirt supplier reported to us in 1992 that its finished goods ware house was divided into two areas.
Getting Ready to Sew
Authors: Abernathy Frederick H , Dunlop John T , Hammond Janice H , Weil David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The late Joseph Gerber, founder of Gerber Garment Technology Company in Tolland, Connecticut, invented automated fabric cutting and introduced it to the market in 1969. This innovative company went on to create a new industry in automatic-cutting equipment. By the late 1970s, Gerber Garment Technology was supplying the automotive and apparel industries with its GERBERcutter, allowing firms to cut cloth and nonwoven material more effectively. The Gerber system first made it possible for a computer to guide the cutting knife anywhere on the cutting table. Gerber’s automatic-cutting equipment, as well as that of several other international competitors, has continued to improve; cloth from a single ply to layers up to six inches thick can now be cut quickly and accurately.
Textile Operations: Spinning. Weaving. and Finishing Cloth
Authors: Abernathy Frederick H , Dunlop John T , Hammond Janice H , Weil David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
If Samuel Slater, the “father of American manufactures,” kicked off the textile industry in the United States through an act of industrial espionage, Francis Cabot Lowell also used his wits to bring the power loom to the new country. As we discussed in Chapter 2, Slater avoided British prohibitions on the export of technology and built the first U.S. water-powered carding and spinning mill in 1790. But as successful carding and spinning mills spread in New England, the absence of mechanical weaving became more limiting. Hand weavers could not fully absorb the growing spinning capacity, which set the stage for Lowell’s innovations. As historian Robert Dalzell writes, “The crowning glory of Britain’s textile technology-the ingenious power loom, which wove the yarn into finished cloth and which had earned the inventor, Edmund Cartwright, a £10,000 bonus from Parliament remained beyond the reach of American manufacturers.”
The Economic Viability of Textiles: A Tale of Multiple Channels
Authors: Abernathy Frederick H , Dunlop John T , Hammond Janice H , Weil David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
From the outset, we have emphasized that separate enterprises in the retail-apparel-textile channel, which traditionally maintained arm’s length relationships with one another, are now becoming increasingly integrated through information and inventory links. For that reason, channel operations must to be reported and analyzed as a whole. Still, there are a variety of separate connections between textile enterprises, retailers, and ultimate consumers and purchasers. The upshot is that a large and growing segment of the textile industry appears to be far less dependent on the apparel industry than it was in the classic retail apparel-textile channel.
Suppliers in a Lean World: Firm and Industry Performance in an Integrated Channel
Authors: Abernathy Frederick H , Dunlop John T , Hammond Janice H , Weil David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Many of the popular accounts of quick response, rapid replenishment, and supply-chain management assume that all parties-consumers, retailers, and suppliers-win as a result of these policies. Consumers have definitely benefited because these practices afford them a greater choice of products at lower average prices.1 It is safe to say that lean retailers have also come out ahead, given their rapid growth in relation to, and at the expense of, traditional retailers in many different retail channels. But have suppliers benefited from entering into relations with lean retailers? Have such firms improved their competitive position along with the retailers they supply?
The short answer to these questions is “It depends.” Although it is certainly true that a supplier gains from successful customers, the degree to which such a company actually benefits has much to do with its internal manufacturing choices. A supplier that has done little to change its internal practices may end up simply “holding the bag” of a retailer’s inventory.
Lowering the Bar
Authors: Rojstaczer Stuart 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It was the first day of my first undergraduate class. The lecture hall had a capacity of about 150 and was a bit like a movie theater with a sloping floor that rose gradually with distance from the lectern. Although old, the room was well designed. A three paneled chalkboard covered the front wall. Every seat was relatively close to the front of the room. There were ample windows that gave the room excellent lighting.
Covering All the Bases
Authors: Carey Dennis C , Ogden Dayton , Roland Judith A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There was evidently a great deal of shock and sadness at Coca Cola when CEO Roberto C. Goizueta—who had built a near fifty-year career at the company—died soon after being diagnosed with “treatable” lung cancer. But his death did nothing to disrupt the carefully orchestrated succession process, and an able and well-prepared successor was immediately available. There was no secrecy, no particular fanfare in connection with announcing the successor; it was merely the next and final logical step in the self-renewing management development process Goizueta himself had helped to implement.
Coronation of “King Truth”
Authors: Thuesen Peter J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
“A New Testament which Needs neither a Glossary nor a Commentary.” So proclaimed the New York Evening Post on 21 May 1881, in a frontpage story announcing the publication of the Revised Version of the Scriptures. The first major English translation since the King James Bible, the Revised New Testament was billed as the most accurate version ever, and the Post writer did not hesitate to hyperbolize: the printing of the Revision would probably “rank among the great events of the nineteenth century.”
Anti-Christian Cults? The Christian Sects, 1890-1930
Authors: Jenkins Philip 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The first literature to attack cults under that particular name was primarily aimed at fighting heresy, rather than suppressing any secular damage wrought by the fringe movements. With so many more eccentric groups around, it is surprising to find such continued dedication to fighting the supposed sectarian menace. But in the context of the time, the sects were espousing quite radical ideas, and some were arguably venturing into the realm of the occult.
Israeli Jews
Authors: Susser Bernard , Liebman Charles S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
On its face, the problem of Jewish survival in Israel seems a perverse one. In what sense can Jewish survival be threatened in the Jewish state, a Hebrew-speaking nation that celebrates Jewish holidays, ingathers Jewish “exiles,” names its streets after Jewish notables, teaches Bible in its secular school system, serves as a touchstone for Diaspora Jewish identity, and understands itself as the logical closure to two millennia of Jewish wanderings? With the Menorah emblazoned on all official documents, the flag recalling King David, and its anthem telling of awaiting the return to Zion for a “hundred generations,” Israel’s Jewishness seems both manifest and assured. Besides, with Jews comprising more than 80 percent of the population and with little cultural commerce between the Israeli Jewish majority and the Israeli Arab minority, into which groups are Israeli Jews about to intermarry and assimilate? Nevertheless, the question of Jewish survival has rarely been far from the center of Israeli public debate-perhaps never more than at present.
Israeli Jews
Authors: Susser Bernard , Liebman Charles S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The previous chapter ended on such a note of finality-the Jewishness of Israel seemed so manifest and deep-seated-that to begin so soon with counterarguments seems contrived, almost mean-spirited. But even a cursory familiarity with Israel’s public life will have alerted the attentive reader to at least one conspicuous omission in our account, an omission that renders our conclusions more than a bit suspect. To put it in the coarsest of terms: If things are so good, why are they so bad? If there is such a wall-to-wall consensus on the Jewish character of Israel, if the vast majority of Israelis actively engage with the Jewish tradition in one way or another, why does the religious issue generate such rancor and enmity? On its face, the Guttman Report presents a portrait of a broadly observant people who, even though they differ in degree of practice and belief, are united by their common commitment to Jewish identity and Jewish life. A continuum of observance appears to provide visible evidence of underlying accord, of basic unity.
Work and Travel
Authors: Zane Wallace W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Having Described The Basic elements of Converted religion, I want now to turn to the contextualization of the religion, showing how it is an essential part of Vincentian culture and how it is built from Vincentian life expe-riences as well as from general human life experience. I consider the work of the Converted and their spiritual travel, and I compare the practices of the Converted to shamanic practice around the world. I begin with a brief discussion of shamanism, then present a typically shamanistic Converted event, and later give explanations for common shamanic experiences.
Going to Brooklyn
Authors: Zane Wallace W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Rooklyn Is A Long w Ay From St. Vincent. But it appears in the con¬ versation of Vincentians almost daily. Not only because their relatives may live there, but it is the source of fashion, and music, and money. “I thought the streets were paved with gold,” more than one Vincentian told me in Brooklyn. Hardship was found at the end of those streets for most of my respondents. But money too, and so they stayed. Migrants to the United States from many countries have the same story. Vincentians, like the others, continue to be attracted to Brooklyn, and they continue to go.
What Happens in Evolution?
Authors: Koerner David , LeVay Simon 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Santa Fe style is “faux adobe.” The parking garage where we leave our car, for example, is held together by steel girders, but they emerge to the exterior transformed, as if by the glare of the New Mexico sun, into oaken roof beams. In the central plaza, whose every building has been retrofitted with a mud-colored facade, tourists pore over “Indian” blankets—blankets that are hot off the truck from a factory in Mexico. The city, in short, is a Disneyfied pueblo, but without a hint of Disney’s self-mockery.