bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Progress towards elimination of onchocerciasis transmission in Mali: A “pre-stop MDA” survey in 18 transmission zones
Authors: Dolo Housseini , Coulibaly Michel Emmanuel , Sow Moussa , Coulibaly Yaya Ibrahim , Doumbia Mama , Sangare Moussa , Sanogo Abdoul , Dembele Benoit , Guindo Boubacar , Coulibaly Mamadou , Keita Modibo , Soumaoro Lamine , Diarra Dansine , Dicko Boubacar , Hamill Louise , Doumbia Seydou , Sangho Hamadoun , Sangare Yacouba , Zhang Yaobi , Tallant Jamie , Yaro Alpha Seydou , Mackenzie Charles , Nutman Thomas B. , Boakye Daniel 
Published: November 2023

Background
Onchocerciasis control activities in Mali began in 1975 with vector larviciding carried out by the Onchocerciasis Control Programme (OCP), followed by the distribution of ivermectin from 1998 until the closure of the OCP in 2002. At that time, epidemiological evaluations, using skin snip microscopy and O-150 pool screening PCR in black flies, indicated that the disease had been largely controlled as a public health problem. Ivermectin distribution was nevertheless continued after 2002 in 34 of the 75 health districts in Mali as these were known to still be meso- or hyper-endemic for onchocerciasis. In addition, the onchocerciasis sites known to be hypo-endemic for onchocerciasis benefited from the distribution of ivermectin treatment as part of the mass drug administration (MDA) program for lymphatic filariasis. Various entomological and epidemiological evaluations have now indicated that Mali may have achieved successful interruption of onchocerciasis transmission.

Methods
A series of cross-sectional surveys to update vector breeding sites throughout the endemic areas, followed by a pre-stop ivermectin mass drug administration (Pre-stop MDA) survey, were undertaken in 2019–2020. Based on breeding site findings, historical epidemiological assessments, and vector collection site maps, 18 operational transmission zones (OTZ) were delineated within which a total of 104 first line villages were selected for evaluation. Dried blood spots (DBS) samples were collected from 10,400 children (5–9 years old) from these 104 first line villages and processed for the presence of OV16 antibody using a lab-based rapid diagnostic test.

Results
Within the 544 Simulium damnosum s.l. breeding sites visited in all five endemic onchocerciasis endemic regions of Mali 18.01% (98/544) were seen to be active with the presence of at least one stage of S. damnosum. The overall prevalence of OV16 positive children was 0.45% (47/10,400). However, two hotspots were identified: 2.60% (13/500) seroprevalence in the OTZ number 5 in Kayes Region and 1.40% (7/500) in the OTZ number 1 of Sikasso Region.

Conclusion
These data show that onchocerciasis prevalence in the five endemic regions has declined to levels that indicate that Stop-MDA surveys should be now carried out in most of the OTZ except for one in the Kayes Region. This latter site will need additional ivermectin treatment before reevaluation, and an OTZ in the Sikasso Region requires revaluation before possibly reinitiating MDA.
National trends and resource associated with recurrent penetrating injury
Authors: Cho Nam Yong , Mabeza Russyan Mark , Bakhtiyar Syed Shahyan , Richardson Shannon , Ali Konmal , Tran Zachary , Benharash Peyman 
Published: November 2023

Background
While recurrent penetrating trauma has been associated with long-term mortality and disability, national data on factors associated with reinjury remain limited. We examined temporal trends, patient characteristics, and resource utilization associated with repeat firearm-related or stab injuries across the US.

Methods
This was a retrospective study using 2010–2019 Nationwide Readmissions Database (NRD). NRD was queried to identify all hospitalizations for penetrating trauma. Recurrent penetrating injury (RPI) was defined as those returned for a subsequent penetrating injury within 60 days. We quantified injury severity using the International Classification of Diseases Trauma Mortality Prediction model. Trends in RPI, length of stay (LOS), hospitalization costs, and rate of non-home discharge were then analyzed. Multivariable regression models were developed to assess the association of RPI with outcomes of interest.

Results
Of an estimated 968,717 patients (28.4% Gunshot, 71.6% Stab), 2.1% experienced RPI within 60 days of the initial injury. From 2010 to 2019, recurrent gunshot wounds increased in annual incidence while that of stab cohort remained stable. Patients experiencing recurrent gunshot wounds were more often male (88.9 vs 87.0%, P<0.001), younger (30 [23–40] vs 32 [24–44] years, P<0.001), and less commonly insured by Medicare (6.5 vs 11.2%, P<0.001) compared to others. Those with recurrent stab wounds were younger (36 [27–49] vs 44 [30–57] years, P<0.001), less commonly insured by Medicare (21.3 vs 29.3%, P<0.001), and had lower Elixhauser Index Comorbidities score (2 [1–3] vs 3 [1–4], P<0.001) compared to others. After risk adjustment, RPI of both gunshot and stab was associated with significantly higher hospitalization costs, a shorter time before readmission, and increased odds of non-home discharge.

Conclusion
The trend in RPI has been on the rise for the past decade. National efforts to improve post-discharge prevention and social support services for patients with penetrating trauma are warranted and may reduce the burden of RPI.
Interruptions in treatment among adults on anti-retroviral therapy before and after test-and-treat policy in Tanzania
Authors: Mbatia Redempta J. , Mtisi Expeditho L. , Ismail Abbas , Henjewele Christopher V. , Moshi Sisty J. , Christopher Alexander K. , Nsanzugwanko Noela W. , Bukuku Appolinary G. , Msimbe Rehema A. , Kirato Agnes R. , Nyabukene Francis S. , Mmari Eunice J. , Rwebembera Anath A. , Masanja Benedicta N. , Kailembo Alexander , Matiko Eva J. 
Published: November 2023

Introduction
The World Health Organization recommended the initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for people living with HIV (PLHIV) regardless of CD4 cell counts. Tanzania adopted this recommendation known as test-and-treat policy in 2016. However, programmatic implementation of this policy has not been assessed since its initiation. The objective of the study was to assess the impact of this policy in Tanzania.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional study among PLHIV aged 15 years and older using routinely collected program data. The dependent variable was interruption in treatment (IIT), defined as no clinical contact for at least 90 days after the last clinical appointment. The main independent variable was test-and-treat policy status which categorized PLHIV into the before and after groups. Co-variates were age, sex, facility type, clinical stage, CD4 count, ART duration, and body mass index. The associations were assessed using the generalized estimating equation with inverse probability weighting.

Results
The study involved 33,979 PLHIV—14,442 (42.5%) and 19,537 (57.5%) were in the before and after the policy groups, respectively. Among those who experienced IIT, 4,219 (29%) and 7,322 (38%) were in the before and after the policy groups respectively. Multivariable analysis showed PLHIV after the policy was instated had twice [AOR 2.03; 95%CI 1.74–2.38] the odds of experiencing IIT than those before the policy was adopted. Additionally, higher odds of experiencing IIT were observed among younger adults, males, and those with advanced HIV disease.

Conclusion
Demographic and clinical status variables were associated with IIT, as well as the test-and-treat policy. To achieve epidemic control, programmatic adjustments on continuity of treatment may are needed to complement the programmatic implementation of the policy.
Altered serum TNF-α and MCP-4 levels are associated with the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder: A case-control study results
Authors: Nayem Jannatul , Sarker Rapty , Roknuzzaman A. S. M. , Qusar M. M. A. Shalahuddin , Raihan Sheikh Zahir , Islam Md. Rabiul , Mahmud Zobaer Al 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundMajor Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a debilitating mental health condition with complex etiology, and recent research has focused on pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines as potential contributors to its pathogenesis. However, studies investigating the roles of TNF-α and MCP-4 in MDD within the Bangladeshi population are scarce. This study aimed to assess the association between serum TNF-α and MCP-4 levels and the severity of MDD, exploring their potential as risk indicators for MDD development.MethodsThis case-control study enrolled 58 MDD patients from Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh, alongside 30 age, sex, and BMI-matched healthy controls. MDD diagnosis followed DSM-5 criteria and disease severity using the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (Ham-D). We measured serum TNF-α and MCP-4 levels using ELISA assays according to the supplied protocols.ResultsThe study revealed significantly elevated serum TNF-α levels in MDD patients (47±6.6 pg/ml, mean±SEM) compared to controls (28.06±1.07 pg/ml). These increased TNF-α levels positively correlated with Ham-D scores (Pearson’s r = 0.300, p = 0.038), suggesting a potential association between peripheral TNF-α levels and MDD pathology. Additionally, MDD patients exhibited significantly higher serum MCP-4 levels (70.49±6.45 pg/ml) than controls (40.21±4.08 pg/ml). However, serum MCP-4 levels showed a significant negative correlation (r = -0.270, P = 0.048) with Ham-D scores in MDD patients, indicating a more complex role for MCP-4 in MDD pathogenesis.ConclusionThis study highlights that Bangladeshi MDD patients exhibit heightened inflammatory and immune responses compared to controls, supporting the cytokine hypothesis in MDD pathogenesis. Serum TNF-α, but not MCP-4, shows promise as a potential biomarker for assessing the risk of MDD development, which could aid in early detection. Future investigations involving larger populations and longitudinal studies are essential to confirm the utility of these cytokines as biomarkers for MDD.
Prolonged and Recurrent Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy
Authors: Kaviani Rojin , Chahal Daljeet , Chung Michelle Ho , Yoshida Eric M. 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy is one of the most common disorders of pregnancy, which typically resolves in the postpartum period. Intrahepatic cholestasis is characterized by elevated bile acid levels that present as pruritus. The maternal clinical significance of recurrent and prolonged cholestasis is unknown. We discuss the longest reported case of postpartum cholestasis of 125 weeks.
Scaling-Down Teaching and Research Indicators is Crucial to Define the Holistic Performance of Universities
Authors: Regueira Rubén , Feijoo Gumersindo 
Published: November 2023

This article proposes a two-dimensional model that allows for the evaluation of teaching and research based on quantitative indicators. Regarding teaching performance, the hours of face-to-face classes and those of supervised theses were considered. In the case of research activity, several indicators were proposed (e.g. books and book chapters, articles in JCR journals, patents and translations), which allow for the application to multiple academic disciplines in the fields of Arts & Humanities, Science, Engineering, Health Sciences and Social & Legal Sciences. Our model has been applied to 119 academic disciplines in the 2010s and the results obtained were analyzed under various perspectives: (i) performance timeline, (ii) comparative analysis among different academic disciplines, (iii) scale-down of the analysis to diverse units (e.g. departments, research groups), as well as to the quantification of the individual effort of each faculty member, and (iv) gender perspective. As a model use case, the Department of Chemical Engineering at the University of Santiago de Compostela (USC) was studied. One of the key takeaways of this analysis was that understanding teaching and research reference levels is crucial in defining university-specific targets, both individually and collectively. In fact, this is even more relevant for less hierarchical and more assembly-based academic institutions, where it is difficult to define a minimum standard of research activity.
How Tax Credit Shapes Firm R&D Strategies?
Authors: Courtioux Pierre , Metivier François , Reberioux Antoine 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This study extends the definition of firms’ R&D strategies to integrate fiscal considerations related to R&D tax credits. Using French company data, we identify six types of ‘extended’ R&D strategies. We then examine the relationships of these strategies with the effective rate of R&D tax credits, defined as the ratio of total tax reliefs obtained by a firm through R&D tax credit to real R&D spending. This study contributes to a better understanding of the heterogeneity of companies’ R&D strategies.
MicroRNA-29a and microRNA-122 expressions and other inflammatory markers among obese children with diabetes
Authors: Bayoumy Nervana M.K. , El-Shabrawi Mohamed M. , Elsayed Wafaa , Kamal Hagar A. , abdelmaogood Asmaa K. , Ahmed-Maher Shymaa , Omar Hamdy H. , Abdel-Rahman Ahmed 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Objectives
This study was conducted to study the expression of both microRNA-29a and microRNA-122, and serum levels of sestrin-2, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and other inflammatory markers among obese children with/and without diabetes mellitus.

Methods
One hundred obese children with diabetes in addition to 100 age- and sex-matched obese children without diabetes, and 100 age- and sex-matched apparently healthy children were included in the study. Expressions of both microRNA-29a and microRNA-122, and serum levels of sestrin-2, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and high sensitive-CRP (hsCRP) were measured for all included study populations.

Results
Study results showed that the expressions of both microRNA-29a and microRNA-122, serum levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and hsCRP were significantly higher among obese children with diabetes in comparison to both obese children without diabetes and healthy children. In contrast, serum sestrin level was significantly low among obese children with diabetes in comparison to the other study populations. Expressions of both microRNA-29a and microRNA-122 were correlated with waist circumference, BMI, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol, HbA1c, c-peptide, glucose, insulin, homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), IL-6, hsCRP, and TNF-α among obese children with diabetes. However, serum sestrin-2 level was correlated inversely with these parameters. Higher expressions of both microRNA-29a and microRNA-122 among obese children either with or without diabetes mellitus (DM) can suggest their roles in the development of obesity among children.

Conclusions
The study results can hypothesize that down-regulation of these micro-RNAs may solve this health problem with its sequelae, a hypothesis that needs more studies.
Fixed-point theory and numerical analysis of an epidemic model with fractional calculus: Exploring dynamical behavior
Authors: Alshehry Azzh Saad , Mukhtar Safyan , Khan Hena Saeed , Shah Rasool 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The human immunodeficiency virus, which attacks the immune system and especially targets CD4 cells that are crucial for immunological defense against infections, is the cause of the severe illness known as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). This condition has the potential to take a patient’s life. Understanding the dynamics of AIDS and evaluating potential methods of prevention and treatment have both significantly benefited from the use of mathematical modeling. This research article proposes a unique technique that solves a model system of differential equations representing diverse populations, such as susceptible populations, acute populations, asymptomatic populations, and symptomatic populations or populations with AIDS. The method uses an artificial neural network (ANN) to do this. A specific Caputo–Fabrizio derivative is included in the suggested method to validate the system’s stability via the use of Krassnoselskii’s and Banach’s fixed-point approach in combination with the exponential kernel. In order to solve the differential equations and get the required data, the Laplace Adomian Decomposition (LAD) technique is used. Training the ANN involves obtaining simulated data from LAD and doing it within the context of a supervised learning framework. The performance of the ANN is assessed by comparing its predicted solutions to the LAD solutions. This allows for the calculation of the average error for each of the system’s functions. This study presents a potentially useful computational tool for understanding the dynamics of AIDS and delivering important insights into the design of new prevention and treatment methods.
Efficient extraction of 68Ge from irradiated Ga–Ni alloy via a novel organic-solvent-free separation procedure
Authors: Xia Lingting , Wu Han , Gao Jing , Ye Tianzhen , Qiu Long , Li Feize , Lan Tu , Yang Jijun , Liao Jiali , Liu Ning , Yang Yuanyou 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this work, a gallium–nickel alloy target with a weight percentage ratio of 7:3 was successfully prepared on Cu substrate in a chloride system at room temperature. A novel organic-solvent-free separation procedure based on two columns for extracting 68Ge from irradiated Ga–Ni alloy target with high radionuclidic purity (99.99 %) was developed. By this separation procedure, the recovery of 68Ge is 95 ± 5 % and the yield of 68Ge via the nuclear reaction natGa(p,xn)68Ge was measured to be 0.27 ± 0.02 MBq/μA h.
Ankilozan spondilitli bireylerde spinal mobiliteyi etkileyen faktörler
Authors: GUR KABUL Elif , BAŞAKCI ÇALIK Bilge , KURU Sinem , KARASU Uğur 
Published: November 2023

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı Ankilozan Spondilit (AS)’li bireylerde spinal mobiliteyi etkileyen faktörleri incelemekti.
Yöntem: Çalışmaya AS tanısı konmuş 18-65 yaş aralığında, yaş ortalaması 43,37±11,56 yıl olan 154 kişi dahil edildi. Katılımcıların demografik (cinsiyet, yaş, boy, kilo, tanı alma süresi, eğitim süresi, çalışma durumu, soygeçmiş, egzersiz alışkanlığı, sigara kullanımı) ve klinik verileri (sabah tutukluğu, kronik solunum hastalık öyküsü) kaydedildikten sonra, mobiliteleri Bath Ankilozan Spondilit Metroloji İndeksi (BASMİ) ile değerlendirildi. Bağımsız grup farklılıkların karşılaştırılmasında Mann Whitney U testi kullanıldı. Sürekli değişkenlerin arasındaki ilişkiler Pearson Korelasyon Analizi ile değerlendirildi.
Bulgular: BASMİ skorları gruplar arasında karşılaştırıldığında; cinsiyet açısından kadınlara göre erkeklerin tragus duvar mesafesi (p=0,013), gövde lateral fleksiyon (p=0,001), lumbar fleksiyon (modifiye Schober) (p=0,001) skorları; çalışma durumu açısından çalışmayanların çalışanlara göre maksimum intermalleoler mesafe (p=0,001) ve toplam BASMI (p=0,019) skorları; kronik solunum hastalığı öyküsü bulunanların bulunmayanlara göre servikal rotasyon (p=0,013) skorları daha yüksekti. BASMİ skorları ile sürekli değişkenler arasındaki ilişki incelendiğinde; yaş ile tragus duvar mesafesi hariç tüm BASMİ skorları arasında orta düzeyde; tanı alma süresi ile maksimum intermalleoler mesafe hariç tüm BASMİ skorları arasında düşük ve orta düzeyde; eğitim süresi ile tüm BASMİ skorları arasında düşük ve orta düzeyde ilişki vardı (p
Specific Features of Stomatitis, Causes and Treatment
Authors: Rasulova Mohigul Matyakub kizi  , Kamalova Shakhnoza Muzaffarovna  , Mukhammadieva Farida Ruzimurodovna  , Khamroyeva Lola Rizoyevna  
Published: November 2023

Stomatitis is mouth in the space, that's it including cheek, tongue and gingival mucosa floors wide spread-out inflammation. This is the case very painful to be possible and wounds appear until it happens take will come of this the widest spread-out reasons aphthous stomatitis and it is herpes. Stomatitis is mouth space mucus epithelium floor inflammation. Usually, stomatitis childhood with depends is a disease. However, the current at the time this disease increasingly in adults a lot is being observed.
Calibration of the Local Magnitude Scale (ML) for Eastern Cuba
Authors: Diez Zaldivar Eduardo R. , Sandron Denis , Cutie Mustelier Manuel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Calibration of the local magnitude scale to match local tectonics is a key element in the development of research leading to seismic risk assessment and quantification of seismicity in active regions. In this study, we developed a local magnitude scale for the southeastern region of Cuba—the part of the island exposed to the greatest seismic hazard due to its proximity to the Oriente fault system. From the 2011–2021 Cuban catalog, 7750 earthquakes with ML&gt;2 were selected, distributed in the region 19°–22° N, 73°–79° W, and recorded by at least four seismic stations (of the Cuban CW network) within 500 km of the hypocentre. The resulting input data set includes 33,916 amplitude measurements of the horizontal components. We set up the whole linear regression analysis procedure in the Matlab environment to obtain the formula for the local magnitude in the International Association of Seismology and Physics of the Earth’s Interior form. In a three-step procedure, we (1) removed the outliers; (2) searched for the parameters n, K, and Si that minimize the unbiased sample standard deviation of the residuals; and (3) set the anchor point for the parameter C. Thus, the new formula for the local magnitude ML is defined as follows: ML=log10(A)+1.000log10(R)+0.003R−1.963, in which A is the peak amplitude in nanometers simulated with a Wood–Anderson sensor, and R is the hypocentral distance in kilometers. We also calculated the station correction factors S for each station included in the analysis.
Rancang Bangun dan Uji Kinerja Alat Separator Minyak Atsiri Skala Laboratorium Kapasitas 25 Literrs
Authors: Hariono Budi , Kautsar Syamsiar , Brilliantina Aulia , Rachmanita Risse Entikaria , Kurnianto Mokhamad Fatoni 
Published: November 2023

Abstrak. Separator merupakan alat pemisah minyak atsiri dari air destilat pada proses penyulingan minyak atsiri. Perancangan separator disesuaikan dengan berat jenis minyak atsiri yang akan diproses. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah melakukan desain dan uji kinerja alat separator minyak atsiri skala laboratorium kapasitas 25 liter secara gravitasi dengan laju destilat sebesar 4.0 – 4.5 L/jam. Hasil uji fungsional menunjukkan komponen separator berfungsi secara baik sesuai dengan fungsinya baik secara individu maupun dalam rakitan mesin. Proses pemisahan dilakukan dengan cara mengalirkan campuran minyak dan air ke dalam separator dengan debit 4.0 – 4.5 L/jam menggunakan pompa aquarium.Hasil rendemen diperoleh nilai berkisar antara 0.82 – 0.88% pada volume minyak yang ditambahkan mulai dari 100 – 150 mL. Artinya diperoleh volume minyak yang masih tertinggal diseparator berkisar antara 18 – 20 mL. Bila waktu pemisahan diperpanjang hingga 12 jam maka akan diperoleh minyak yang tertinggal berkisar 2-5 mL. Manufacture and Performance Test of Laboratory Scale Essential Oil Separator Equipment with a Capacity of 25 LitersAbstract. The separator is a means of separating essential oils from distilled water in the essential oil refining process. The design of the separator is adjusted to the specific gravity of the essential oil to be processed. The purpose of this study was to test the performance of a laboratory scale essential oil separator with a capacity of 25 liters by gravity with a distillate rate of 4.0 – 4.5 L/hour. The results of the functional test show that the separator components function properly according to their functions, both individually and in machine assembly. The separation process is carried out by flowing a mixture of oil and water into the separator with a discharge of 4.0 – 4.5 L/hour using an aquarium pump. The yield results obtained values ranging from 0.82 to 0.88% in the volume of oil added from 100 to 150 mL. This means that the volume of oil that is still left in the separator ranges from 18 to 20 mL. If the separation time is extended to 12 hours, the remaining oil will be in the range of 2-5 mL.