bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cob and seed characteristics of maize due to nutrient omission techniques
Authors: Afrida E , Tampubolon K , Saragih M , Rahman A 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
A deficient supply of both macro- and micro-nutrients (minus one test) will respond negatively to the generative characteristics (cobs and seeds) of the maize plant. The aims of this study were (1) to determine the impact of nutrient omission techniques fertilization on the cob and seed developments of maize plants, and (2) to investigate the relationship between the characteristics of maize cob and seed. This study was conducted in a farmers’ field, Medan Selayang, North Sumatra, Indonesia from May to September 2023. A single-factor Randomized Block Design was selected with three replications, namely the elimination of both macro (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S) and micro (Mn, Zn, Fe, Cu) nutrients. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and followed by DMRT at P<0.05 as well as Pearson correlation. The results indicated that among the nutrient omission techniques fertilization, the absence of nitrogen significantly inhibited the highest seed development was 12.61 to 30.48% followed by not fertilizing manganese ranging from 8.45 to 28.72%. Cob and woody ring diameters were positively correlated and significantly increased embryo length, crown width, and seed length of the maize.
Application of Trichoderma harzianum and Bacillus thuringiensis in increasing plant growth of Aceh patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth)
Authors: Susanna  , Sriwati R , Reza F , Rizki G , Muri A P , Chamzhurni T , Zikri I , Kamaruzzaman S , Oktarina H 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Aceh Patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth), an essential oil crop, has been famous for a long time. The best quality patchouli producing area in Indonesia is Aceh Province. Trichoderma harzianum is one of the PGPFs that has been successfully used on a commercial scale while Bacillus thuringiensis as a plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). Improving plant growth, one of its roles, especially seed germination, and shoot elongation. The use of these two microbes indicates that plants grow well and healthy, this is part of the efficiency of plant disease management. In connection with the large number of patchouli plants in Blang Tingkeum Village, Mukim Lamteuba, Seulimum District, Aceh Besar, it is necessary to know whether Application of T. harzianum and B. thuringiensis in the field can increase the growth of aceh patchouli plants (Pogostemon cablin Benth), Plant height, number of shoots, and crown width were observed. The study used a non-factorial Randomized Group Design with 3 treatments and 7 blocks. PGPR and PGPF from both microbes are concluded to play a role in increasing plant growth and production based on the parameters mentioned above.
The response to various concentrations of IBA hormone and transplanting time of potato plantlets cultivar of medians
Authors: Sipayung A , Damanik R 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Potato plants in addition to being able to be propagated through tubers can also be propagated by stem cuttings. The use of the hormone Auxin (IBA-Indole Butyric Acid) is one of the efforts to accelerate the growth of rooting potato stem cuttings. The purpose of the study was to determine the concentration of the IBA (Indole Butyric Acid) hormone and the right transplant age for the growth of plantlet cuttings of the Medians cultivar potato plant. The height of the planting site is ±1,500 m above sea level. The research experimental design to be used is a Complete Randomized Designs with three replications. The result showed that the treatments at the seedling stage have a noticeable effect on the parameters of the number of leaves, the number of saplings, the height of the plant, and the percentage of growth. There is an interaction between the two treatments against all parameters.
The explosion of pests and diseases due to climate change
Authors: Alfizar  , Nasution S S 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Climate change has been felt over the last few decades in Indonesia, especially in Aceh. Uncertain climatic conditions can affect crop production and food distribution. Insect pests and plant pathogens respond differently to various causes of climate change. An increase in temperature causes changes in the behavior of pests and diseases in terms of their ability to attack. This review discusses the impact of rising temperatures and CO2 levels in the atmosphere on the ability to attack insect pests and pathogens on crops. Global climate warming is expected to trigger an expansion of pests and disease geographic distribution from lowland to highland, increase their survival, and increase the number of new host plants. The survey carried out in Central Aceh on an Arabica coffee plantation showed that leaf spots caused by Hemiliea vastatrix can attack a coffee plantation at an altitude of 1.400 meters, while the same case is also found at the same altitude where coffee berry borer pest (Hyphothenemus hampei) and coffee leaf miner (Leucoptera coffeella) can attack arabica coffee plantation. A comprehensive assessment of the impact of climate change on pests and plant diseases needs to be carried out to get an integrated pest management strategy.
Mass balance of palm waste energy potential in palm oil processing in South West Aceh, Indonesia
Authors: Agustiar  , Romano  , Aulia M R , Ramayana  
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The process of land clearing, tillage, and planting in plantations has environmental impacts. The use of fertilizers, both organic and inorganic, contributes to potential emissions during land preparation (262 kg/cycle), tillage (236 kg/cycle), and planting (165 kg/cycle). Land preparation has the highest emissions due to increased fuel consumption. Planting oil palm seedlings aged 1, 2, and 3 years requires significant water (5,160,063.496 tons/cycle, 5,222,991.444 tons/cycle, and 5,411,774.030 tons/cycle, respectively). Outputs in years 4-7 include groundwater use (5,710,654.467 tons/cycle), 12,750 tons of fresh fruit bunches (FFB) per cycle, 12,878 tons of palm fronds and leaves per cycle, and 19.62% evapotranspiration. In years 8-10, FFB production reaches 24 tons/cycle, with 12,878.79 tons/cycle of fronds and leaves, and 19.63% evapotranspiration. In years 11-14, FFB production is 26 tons/cycle, with 6.435 tons/cycle of fronds and leaves. The water requirement remains at 80.37%. For oil palm aged >19 years, FFB production decreases to 18 tons/cycle, with fronds and leaves remaining the same. Electrical waste energy (E) generated by 2050 totals 7,343,834.558 GW, increasing from 2016-2032 and plateauing from 2033-2050. Factory energy needs (Ep) at 20% power plant efficiency are 1,468,766.912 GW, while waste-derived energy (P) is 167.667 GW.
Formulation and characteristics of skin cream with the addition of essential oil blend
Authors: Aisyah Y , Irfan  , Yunita D , Ikhwana Y 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The use of natural ingredients in cosmetics, such as essential oils, is gaining increasing attention today due to their perceived safety for health, attributed to their antioxidant properties. This research aims to determine the formulation of cream by adding an essential oil blend and analyzing physicochemical, microbiological and hedonic characteristics of the skin cream. The study comprises two phases: selecting the preferred essential oil blend by a panel of evaluators and preparing the skin cream with the addition of the chosen essential oil blend. The essential oils used in this study included clove, ginger, cinnamon, galangal, nutmeg, and citronella, with concentrations of 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%. The research results reveal that the skin cream with the highest antioxidant activity is the one with the addition of a blend of clove and citronella essential oils. However, based on hedonic testing results, the most preferred skin cream formulation is the one with a mix of clove, citronella, and ginger essential oils. Physical characteristics and microbial contamination testing of the cream formulation with a blend of clove, citronella, and ginger essential oils show that the skin cream meets the viscosity and microbial contamination requirements set by SNI 16-4399-1996, with a spreading capacity of 5.07 cm.
Fresh Fruit Bunch (FFB) Processing Modification to Increase Crude Palm Oil (CPO) Rendement
Authors: Hermantoro H , Ruswanto A , Gunawan S , Putra A P 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Oil palm has grown from an area of 300 thousand ha in 1980 to now 16.1 million ha (according to GAPKI) with CPO production of 40 million tons. People’s plantations continue to increase and currently account for 52 percent of the total area of oil palm plantations. In this research, pressing pressure experiments were carried out at 60 bar, 70 bar, and 80 bar, respectively, oil losses in fiber were obtained at 13.22%,9.34%, and 7.63%. Through regression analysis, it was found that oil loss in the mesocarp was 1.1% at a pess pressure of 106 Bar. So from this experiment it can be concluded that separating the mesocarp and kernel before pressing provides an increase in oil yield, minimizing oil loss in fiber. The standard oil loss in fiber is 5% in the current palm oil processing process. After modifying the process, very small oil loss in the fiber can be achieved.
Physicochemical parameters and heavy metal in surface water in Central Bangladesh
Authors: Sarmin N S , Ahmed F , Uddin M Z , Ahmed M , Miah M G 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPollution of surface water and heavy metals is one of the growing concerns worldwide due to industrialization and unplanned urbanization. The surface water pollution level was studied by assessing the physicochemical properties and heavy metal concentration of collected samples in Gazipur district. Maximum average temperature(35.200C±2.63), EC(1423µs/cm), and TDS(746.5mg/l) were observed in Kaliakoir upazila. These parameters were found minimum in Kapasia upazila. DO was found above 5mg/l in Sreepur, Kapasia and Kaliganj. Cr and Ni were too low to detect by the instrument. The maximum average concentration of Pb(925.6917µg/l), Mn(477.8625µg/l), and Na(11230.17µg/l) was observed in Kaliakoir upazila. However, no Fe was observed in Kaliakoir upazila. The maximum Fe concentration was Sreepur upazila (3531.6µg/l) followed by Sadar (1496.517µg/l) upazila. Maximum average Cd concentration was observed in Kapasia (41.28µg/l) followed by Kaliakoir (30.8767µg/l), Sadar (29.4283µg/l) and Sreepur (28.8042µg/l). Cu concentration was found maximum in Kaliganj (14.205µg/l) followed by Sadar (6.29µg/l) and Kaliakoir (3.893µg/l). However, Cu concentration was found nil in Kapasia. The maximum average concentration of Ca(29197.25µg/l) and Mg(8142.833µg/l) was observed in Kaliganj and the minimum concentration was observed in Sreepur upazila. The order of concentration of heavy metals in the study area is Ca>Na>Mg>Fe>Pb>Mn>Cd>Cu>Ni>Cr. From the findings, the physicochemical parameters of the surface water sources were found higher than the standards in most of the samples.
Adsorption isotherm model of Hg2+ with biochar from young coconut waste
Authors: Prasetyo T B , Maulana A , Harianti M , Lita A L , Dwipa I , Monikasari M , Herviyanti H 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Biochar is a carbon-rich byproduct of biomass pyrolysis that may be used to restrict Hg mobility in soil by utilizing amelioration technology. This study examines the ability of biochar from young coconut waste to adsorb Hg in solution. Isothermal adsorption of Hg by batch equilibrium method. The basic principle of Hg adsorption behavior with biochar from young coconut waste (B-YCW) processed through the Kon-Tiki method at a temperature of 682 0C, moisture of 81.27%, and a yield ratio of 20.87% at a size of 0.5 mm. The adsorption of Hg2+ on B-YCW increased with increasing Hg concentration and decreasing pH. The capacity and adsorption coefficient of Hg2+ by biochar from young coconut waste was 312.88 mg g−1 and 69.64 L Kg−1 at a pH of 1.55 and a concentration of 100 mg L−1 Hg2+. The adsorption isotherm of Hg2+ occurs in the Freundlich and Langmuir models (Freundlich > Langmuir). The Freundlich model (y = 1.0375x - 1.2523; R² = 1) with a value of n of 0.96 and KF of 17.78 (L mg−1)1/n, and the Langmuir II model (y = 17.126x - 0.0244; R² = 1), with average Qm was 18.57 mg g−1; KL 68.198 L mg−1 and RL 0.0054 (favorable) from the Langmuir isotherm model.
Identification of food type and feeding behavior of sumatran orangutans (Pongo abelii) at the Ketambe Research Station in Gunung Leuser National Park
Authors: Yanti L A , Moulana R , Limbong B M Br. , Syafruddin S , Iqbar I , Siregar A W , Rosita I , Jamilah M , Ar Rasyid U H 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
As an endangered animal, sumatran orangutans ( Pongo abelii ) in Indonesia are declining rapidly. The extinction of food sources that formerly supported their diets is one of the factors that has contributed to this predicament. This paper aims to discover sumatran orangutans’ food types and feeding behaviors at the Ketambe Research Station, Aceh Province, Indonesia. Two orangutans, Chris and Kelly, were the subjects of this study, and their behavior and environment were observed and recorded using the focal animal sampling approach. The study uncovered 29 distinct forms of food (27 plant species and 2 insect species). The type of fruit most consumed by sumatran orangutans ( Pongo abelii ) at the Ketambe Research Station is Ficus racemosa, followed by Ficus obscura, Pandanus sp., and Ficus variegata. The type of leaf most consumed by sumatran orangutans ( Pongo abelii ) is Loides cirrosa, followed by Acacia pennata and Sindapsus hederaceus. Then, their eating behavior patterns cover choosing, holding, taking, and eating the food. The orangutans like eating their meal high up in a tree. As they lead semi-solitary, arboreal lifestyles, preserving the forest ecosystems in which they thrive is crucial.
Natural radionuclide content in horticulture plants from former tin mining land and health risk assessment: A case study on Bangka Belitung Island, Indonesia
Authors: Mellawati June , Nurtjahya Eddy 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
As a tin producer in Indonesia, Bangka Belitung has abandoned tin mining land containing natural radionuclides, and its use for cultivating horticultural crops has health risks. The aim of the research was to determine the contribution of former tin mining land to natural radionuclide contamination in horticultural products and to assess the radiation hazards by determining the annual effective dose and excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR). The methodology includes sampling vegetables, fruit, and tubers from several villages in Bangka. Measurement of natural radionuclides using a Gamma Spectrometer at their specific energy. The research results showed that the radionuclides Ra-226, Th-232, K-40 were found in vegetables, fruit, and tubers samples. The highest Ra-226 was found in bitter melon and spinach, Th-232 in cassava leaves, spinach, and bitter melon, while K-40 in bitter melon, spinach, cassava leaves, papaya leaves, mustard greens. The activity rank of Ra-226, Th-232, and K-40 is shown in tubers > vegetables > fruit. The total annual effective dose (AED) from vegetable and fruit consumption is 0.6330 mSv/year, as recommended by UNSCEAR (1 mSv/year), except consumption of tubers (galangal). The ELCR value of vegetable, fruit, and cassava (tubers) consumption is 1.08x10−3; 0.75x10−3; and 0.42x10−3, as recommended by the ICRP.
Effect of Interparticle Distance on Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics on Wave Transformation Through Submerged Breakwater
Authors: Sujantoko  , Rasman I. F. , Mustain M. , Pratikto W. A. , Frestiqauli S. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Beach abrasion and erosion are problems that many beaches in Indonesia experience. Waves are the most influential processes in this phenomenon. When the waves move towards the coast, they will transform, generating currents near the coast. Currents moving along the coast displace sediment on the beach, causing changes in the shoreline. So it is necessary to carry out coastal protection efforts so that abrasion does not occur, which results in the erosion of coastal areas so that the island’s area is reduced and the coastline retreats. To overcome this problem, one of the supporting facilities is a submerged breakwater. In this paper, researchers will numerically study the effect of particle size on smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) when waves pass through a submerged breakwater structure. The simulation is carried out on a Numerical Wave Tank (NWT), the piston is at the end of the tank, and the structure of the submerged breakwater is set according to the experimental scenario. The distance between the particles varied from 0.03, 0.025, 0.02, 0.015, and 0.01. The results show that the smaller the distance between the particles used, the wave elevation results are closer to the experimental model.
Analysis of deck house height and center of gravity in anti-capsize patrol boat
Authors: Taqi H F M , Trimulyono A , Mursid O , Hakim M L 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The design of patrol boats, especially in Indonesian waters which have extreme sea conditions, requires fairly good stability capabilities and special self-righting capabilities. Designing a self-righting ship will be closely related to the ship stability because the center of gravity (G) is affected by the load and the height of the deckhouse of a ship, which has implications for the ship’s self-righting. Present study was carried out with experimental study for patrol boat design that has capability self-righting moment. The patroal boat has 4 deckhouse height variations with 2.01 m, 2.11 m, 2.21 m, and 2.31 m, respectively. There are 4 variations of the load conditions, i.e., the condition with 50% of the maximum amount of cargo, the condition 50% the passengers and cargo, full load condition without passengers, and the last one is the condition of the passenger baggage is only 50%. The results showed that a deckhouse with a height of 2.01 m has the worst GZ curve analysis, where in some conditions the results touch a negative number before heeling to 180°. The results showed by trial and error that the minimum deckhouse height is 2.07 m to have a self-righting moment in all conditions.
The application of OREDA (offshore reliability data) in developing valve criticality analysis criteria
Authors: Priyanta D , Zaman M B , Semin  
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In oil and gas processing plants, extensive networks of hundreds to thousands of valves are vital in controlling the entire process. However, not all valves have the same importance in process control. Therefore, identifying and prioritizing critical valves is essential for efficient and safe operation. Assessing the importance of valves requires a risk-based approach. However, quantifying the associated risks becomes challenging, especially when limited field data makes it difficult to model the probability of valve failure. One possible solution is to use Offshore Reliability Data (OREDA) as a valuable failure probability data source. OREDA provides valuable insight into historical failure and performance data related to oil and gas equipment such as valves. To go one step further, the new proposal presented in this paper includes implementing a modified OREDA approach that considers the cumulative operating time of the valve. By considering cumulative operating hours, a more comprehensive and accurate assessment of failure probability can be achieved, enabling more informed decision-making regarding valve criticality and prioritization of maintenance.
Real time AIS tracking system for fishermen using microcontroller-based approach
Authors: Rohman A , Rulianto J , Wahid A 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Fishing activities in the waters of Banyuwangi are relatively intense. Local fishermen often venture 50 nautical miles from the coastline using small boats. These boats are lacking adequate communication and navigation equipment, causing difficulties in obtaining assistance during emergencies. This study aims to develop an Automatic Identification System (AIS) device to be installed on fishing boats. The AIS device developed for this research incorporates the STM32F4 microcontroller, CMX7032 Evaluation Board, VHF Antenna, and Global Positioning System (GPS) as its main components. The integration and configuration of each component will be elaborated in this paper. Performance testing has yielded promising results, as the AIS device was capable of transmitting data up to 10 nautical miles from the Base Station. Utilization of AIS technology would enhance safety and communication among fishermen. Through careful integration and configuration of these components, the AIS device effectively ensures that the fishermen’s positions are accurately tracked and communicated. The successful development and testing of this device underscore its potential to bridge the communication gap, offering timely assistance and enhancing the overall safety of these seafarers.
Analysis of occupational accident risk in breakwater construction and floating piers
Authors: Silvianita  , Atmaja A P , Shafiq N 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In every implementation of the project, work accidents can occur which result in injury or other losses. One of the projects that has the potential for work accidents is the floating dock construction work. The purpose of writing this paper is to find out the dominant hazard variable in floating piers and breakwater construction work, to know the causes and effects of the dominant hazard variable, and to know the right dominant risk control risk control in floating wharf construction work. This research begins with hazard identification using several sources and also direct discussions with resource persons who understand this work. Then a questionnaire was distributed to obtain the likelihood and severity values of the existing hazard variables. From the results of distributing the questionnaires, tests were carried out using validity and reliability tests on each hazard variable that might occur. The results of the tests carried out obtained a valid hazard variable and were then analysed using HIRA which was assisted by a risk matrix. So that the results of the analysis are known to be the dominant hazard variable, namely workers falling and sinking into the sea. Furthermore, an analysis of the two variables is carried out to determine the causes and also the impact of risks that can occur using a bow-tie diagram to reduce the occurrence of dominant potential hazards.
Morpho-dynamic Induced Rip Currents in Klayar Beach, Pacitan, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Wahyudi  , Tiffany Vierda Khairene , Mulyadi Yeyes , Armono Haryo Dwito , Sambodho Kriyo , Sembiring Leo Eliasta , Viet Nguyen Trung 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Klayar Beach (KB), Pacitan, East Java, Indonesia is a rugged coast with a narrow sand beach, a relatively small embayment with rocky headlands, and a very exotic view as a coastal tourism destination. Despite its attractiveness, KB poses a hazard due to rip currents. From 2009 to 2022, KB visited more than 3 million people, and more than 30 people were reported dead due to drowning in rip currents. This paper presents the result of fieldwork to investigate morpho-dynamic driven rip current hazard of the study area. This study carried out bathymetric and topographic mapping and sediment sampling. The last 10 years’ wave data was used for predicting hydrodynamic parameters. The study shows a good correlation between a variety of incoming significant wave heights and tide fluctuation vs. rip current velocity. The existence of headland plays a significant role in rip current formation in the study area. The headland influences either shadow or deflected rip currents formation for the incoming wave angle. The study also indicates that the type of rip current in the KB is structural boundary controlled, and the most important thing to be alerted for promoting beach safety in this area is that this rip current is predicted permanently to occur.