bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cover Picture: Elemental Fluorine and HOF·CH3CN in Service of General Organic Chemistry (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 12/2005)
Authors: Rozen Shlomo 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe cover picture shows part of the synthetic possibilities opened now by using elemental fluorine as a starting material. Mixtures of F2 with inert gases such as N2 are commercially available or easily prepared from commercial 95% fluorine. During the last 15 years, chemists started to accept the notion that F2 could be used for fluorination purposes. More recently, they slowly started to get acquainted with yet another side of this element − its ability to perform difficult reactions leading to fluorine‐free derivatives. Thus, the most reactive element of the periodic table is an excellent tool for versatile regio‐ and stereospecific reactions which can not be performed without its “help”. Representative examples are presented in the Microreview by S. Rozen on p. 2433 ff.
Methodological issues relating to in vivo cortical myelography using MRI
Authors: Clare Stuart , Bridge Holly 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe relationship between neocortical structure and function is a key area of research in neuroscience. Most studies of neural function, whether using neurophysiology or neuroimaging methods, are interpreted with relation to the underlying cortical myelo‐ and cytoarchitecture. For functional neuroimaging studies this often means using cytoarchitectonic maps based on the study of a limited number of brains, despite evidence for substantial interindividual variation. Improvements in MR technology, resulting in wider availability of high‐field MRI systems, have led to an increase in the achievable resolution in MR scans. Several groups have reported the in vivo detection of myelination patterns within the cortex, consistent with those observed in postmortem tissue. This leads to the possibility of predefining areas for fMRI analysis based on the cortical architecture. To do this it is essential to know, in a quantitative way, how reliably myeloarchitectonic areas and boundaries can be detected using MRI. Here we investigate the striate cortex, known to be coincident with V1, to assess the detectability of the stria of Gennari across V1 and across subjects. Under optimal conditions, 80% of the stria of Gennari was visualized using our methodology, although there was considerable variability in the level of detection across subjects. We discuss the limitations of the methodology and propose ways to improve the detection level of cortical myeloarchitecture more generally. Hum. Brain Mapping, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Human brain activation during passive listening to sounds from different locations: An fMRI and MEG study
Authors: Brunetti M. , Belardinelli P. , Caulo M. , Del Gratta C. , Della Penna S. , Ferretti A. , Lucci G. , Moretti A. , Pizzella V. , Tartaro A. , Torquati K. , Olivetti Belardinelli M. , Romani G.L. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractRecent animal and human studies indicate the existence of a neural pathway for sound localization, which is similar to the “where” pathway of the visual system and distinct from the sound identification pathway. This study sought to highlight this pathway using a passive listening protocol. We employed fMRI to study cortical areas, activated during the processing of sounds coming from different locations, and MEG to disclose the temporal dynamics of these areas. In addition, the hypothesis of different activation levels in the right and in the left hemispheres, due to hemispheric specialization of the human brain, was investigated. The fMRI results indicate that the processing of sound, coming from different locations, activates a complex neuronal circuit, similar to the sound localization system described in monkeys known as the auditory “where” pathway. This system includes Heschl's gyrus, the superior temporal gyrus, the supramarginal gyrus, and the inferior and middle frontal lobe. The MEG analysis allowed assessment of the timing of this circuit: the activation of Heschl's gyrus was observed 139 ms after the auditory stimulus, the peak latency of the source located in the superior temporal gyrus was at 156 ms, and the inferior parietal lobule and the supramarginal gyrus peaked at 162 ms. Both hemispheres were found to be involved in the processing of sounds coming from different locations, but a stronger activation was observed in the right hemisphere. Hum. Brain Mapping, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Viral and Host Factors in Early Hepatitis C Virus Infection *
Authors: Mosley James W. , Operskalski Eva A. , Tobler Leslie H. , Andrews William W. , Phelps Bruce , Dockter Janel , Giachetti Cristina , Busch Michael P. 
Published: June 2005

Abstract

Since 1980, the Transfusion-transmitted Viruses Study (TTVS) (1974–1980) has continued to maintain its computerized database and stored sera to enable ongoing study of new transfusion events since the 1970s. Most recently, we have used this resource to study parameters of acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among 94 donor–recipient pairs in which there was transmission. In addition, frequent recipient observations permitted further characterization of the early phase of the infection's course. Donor RNA load ranged from 3.7 to 3,160,000 IU/mL. Onset of recipient viremia was judged from a total of 67 sera collected during the 4th through 8th days posttransfusion; only 2 of the 67 sera were still RNA nonreactive by that time. The recipients' latent periods to an alanine aminotransferase (ALT) elevation of ≥90 IU/L ranged from 6 to 112 days (median, 46 days) and was shorter with higher donor RNA levels. Descriptors of the recipient's illness showed several strongly positive and negative correlations. The latent period tended to be shorter in the 37% of cases that were clinically overt. Attributes of donors with genotypes 1 and non-1 and subtypes 1a and 1b did not differ significantly. Recipients with genotype 1 strains had shorter latent intervals than non-1 strains. On multivariate analysis, latent period was significantly associated (negatively) only with the highest ALT level during the first 120 days of follow-up (

P

= .014).
In conclusion
, host factors are more important determinants of acute HCV infection dynamics than virus-associated factors. (Hepatology 2005.)
SCUD: Fast structure clustering of decoys using reference state to remove overall rotation
Authors: Li Hongzhi , Zhou Yaoqi 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe developed a method for fast decoy clustering by using reference root‐mean‐squared distance (rRMSD) rather than commonly used pairwise RMSD (pRMSD) values. For 41 proteins with 2000 decoys each, the computing efficiency increases nine times without a significant change in the accuracy of near‐native selections. Tests on additional protein decoys based on different reference conformations confirmed this result. Further analysis indicates that the pRMSD and rRMSD values are highly correlated (with an average correlation coefficient of 0.82) and the clusters obtained from pRMSD and rRMSD values are highly similar (the representative structures of the top five largest clusters from the two methods are 74% identical). SCUD (Structure ClUstering of Decoys) with an automatic cutoff value is available at http://theory.med.buffalo.edu. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 26: 1189–1192, 2005
Analysis of natural antioxidants by capillary electromigration methods
Authors: Herrero Miguel , Ibáñez Elena , Cifuentes Alejandro 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIn this work, an exhaustive survey of capillary electromigration methods used to analyze natural antioxidants is presented together with some discussion of the use of these substances use as functional foods. This review provides an updated and exhaustive overview of the separation and identification by capillary electrophoresis of natural compounds with antioxidant activity found in natural matrices and/or foods. The compounds concerned are catechins, isoflavones, anthocyanins, phenolic acids, vitamins, as well as other less common natural substances that have shown antioxidant activity.
Composition and analysis of liquid smoke flavouring primary products
Authors: Simon Rupert , de la Calle Beatriz , Palme Sonja , Meier Dietrich , Anklam Elke 
Published: June 2005

AbstractSmoke flavourings are produced on a large scale and have been applied to a variety of food products for more than 30 years. The use of them has many advantages compared to traditional smoking techniques. Among others, the amount of (known) toxic compounds deriving from combustion processes can be more easily controlled in smoke flavourings. In order to ensure safe products, a new European Regulation requests data on the composition and lays down, in particular, the maximum permitted concentrations for selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). This review compiles results published on the chemical composition of liquid smoke flavouring primary products, partly in relation to production process parameters, and the analytical methods involved. The methods cover chromatographic techniques for analysis of specific compounds including extraction methods and clean‐up procedures. Analysis of sensorial and bulk parameters such as acidity and total phenolic compounds are described as well as they are used as standard methods for analysis of liquid smoke flavourings. A special section is devoted to discussing the analysis of PAHs.
Caillary electrophoresis for the analysis of meat authenticity
Authors: Vallejo‐Cordoba Belinda , González‐Córdova Aarón F. , Mazorra‐Manzano Miguel A. , Rodríguez‐Ramírez Roberto 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIn this overview, different meat authenticity issues are presented, as well as a wide variety of methods available for meat authentication. Unlike chromatographic, traditional gel electrophoretic, or immunological methods, which have been routinely used in analytical laboratories, the application of capillary electrophoresis (CE) is relatively new in solving meat authentication issues. Several unique CE applications based on meat protein fingerprinting are discussed for the analysis of meat species in unheated meat products. For protein data interpretation, pattern recognition is used to account for the natural variability present within the same meat species. While gel DNA‐based methods are widely used for determining meat species in heat processed products, few DNA‐based methods utilizing CE have been reported. Moreover, the methods reported are qualitative or semiquantitative. Thus, the need for quantitative competitive PCR CE methods in the determination of meat species is addressed. For the determination of meat extenders, CE methods were either protein‐based or based on specific markers. Polyphenols are used as specific markers for soy detection and hydroxyproline is used as a specific marker for collagen determination. Finally, the potential of electrophoretically mediated miroanalysis (EMMA) for the detection of meat that may have been previously frozen and retailed as “fresh” is highlighted.
Analysis of pesticides in soy milk combining solid‐phase extraction and capillary electrophoresis‐mass spectrometry
Authors: Hernández‐Borges Javier , Rodríguez‐Delgado Miguel Ángel , García‐Montelongo Francisco J. , Cifuentes Alejandro 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIn this work, the determination of a group of triazolopyrimidine sulfoanilide herbicides (cloransulam‐methyl, metosulam, flumetsulam, florasulam, and diclosulam) in soy milk by capillary electrophoresis‐mass spectrometry (CE‐MS) is presented. The main electrospray interface (ESI) parameters (nebulizer pressure, dry gas flow rate, dry gas temperature, and composition of the sheath liquid) are optimized using a central composite design. To increase the sensitivity of the CE‐MS method, an off‐line sample preconcentration procedure based on solid‐phase extraction (SPE) is combined with an on‐line stacking procedure (i. e. normal stacking mode, NSM). Samples could be injected for up to 100 s, providing limits of detection (LODs) down to 74 μg/L, i. e., at the low ppb level, with relative standard deviation values (RSD,%) between 3.8% and 6.4% for peak areas on the same day, and between 6.5% and 8.1% on three different days. The usefulness of the optimized SPE‐NSM‐CE‐MS procedure is demonstrated through the sensitive quantification of the selected pesticides in soy milk samples.
Development of a perfusion reversed‐phase HPLC method for the separation of soybean and cereal (wheat, corn, and rice) proteins in binary mixtures. Application to the detection of soybean proteins in commercial bakery products
Authors: Castro‐Rubio A. , Castro‐Rubio F. , García M. C. , Marina M. L. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA perfusion reversed‐phase HPLC method enabling the simultaneous separation of soybean and cereal (wheat, corn, and rice) proteins in commercial bakery products has been proposed for the first time. The method utilises an acetonitrile‐water gradient containing an ion‐pairing agent. Different ion‐pairing agents were tried, 0.3% (v/v) acetic acid being observed to enable the separation of soybean from wheat, rice, and corn proteins while with 0.1% (v/v) trifluoroacetic acid only the separation of soybean and corn proteins was possible. Optimisation of the solubilisation conditions for proteins was achieved by testing different acetonitrile concentrations for the simultaneous extraction of soybean and cereal proteins: best recoveries were found with 25% (v/v) acetonitrile + 0.3% (v/v) acetic acid and with 40% (v/v) acetonitrile + 0.1% (v/v) trifluoroacetic acid. Chromatographic conditions such as gradient, temperature, and wavelength detection were also optimised. The method enabled the separation of soybean and cereal proteins in binary mixtures (soybean and wheat, soybean and corn, or soybean and rice proteins) in less than 5 minutes in a total analysis time of 20 min.
Analysis of trace amounts of bovine β‐lactoglobulin in infant formulas by capillary electrophoresis with on‐capillary derivatization and laser‐induced fluorescence detection
Authors: Veledo María Teresa , de Frutos Mercedes , Diez‐Masa José Carlos 
Published: June 2005

AbstractBovine β‐lactoglobulin (βLG) has been described by several authors as the main allergen present in cow's milk. It can induce allergic reactions even at the low concentration existing in hypoallergenic formulas based on hydrolyzed cow's milk proteins (generally lower than μM). In this paper, the usefulness of a capillary electrophoresis method with on‐capillary derivatization and laser‐induced fluorescence detection for the analysis of trace amounts of βLG in a commercial hypoallergenic formula has been demonstrated. To confirm the identity of the peak of βLG based on migration time, an immunorecognition step employing an anti‐βLG antibody was performed. βLG was quantitated in the whey and casein fractions of the hypoallergenic formula. The concentration of βLG in the whey fraction of the formula was about 3 orders of magnitude lower than the average value present in cow's milk. In the casein fraction of the formula, the concentration of βLG was about 1 order of magnitude lower than in the whey fraction. The method developed was also used for the quality control of three cereal‐based infant foods formulated without milk to test the presence or absence of βLG as an indicator of milk contamination during the fabrication process. βLG in a concentration of 10–7 M or higher was not observed in any of the cereal‐based infant formulas analyzed.
Reliable characterization of coffee bean aroma profiles by automated headspace solid phase microextraction‐gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry with the support of a dual‐filter mass spectra library
Authors: Mondello Luigi , Costa Rosaria , Tranchida Peter Quinto , Dugo Paola , Lo Presti Maria , Festa Saverio , Fazio Alessia , Dugo Giovanni 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThis investigation is based on the automated solid phase microextraction GC‐MS analysis of the volatile fraction of a variety of coffee bean matrices. Volatile analytes were extracted by headspace (HS)‐SPME which was achieved with the support of automated instrumentation. The research was directed towards various important aspects relating to coffee aroma analysis: monitoring of the volatile fraction formation during roasting; chromatographic differentiation of the two main coffee species (Arabica and Robusta) and of a single species from different geographical origins; evaluation of the influence of specific industrial treatments prior to roasting. Reliable peak assignment was carried out through the use of a recently laboratory‐constructed “flavour and fragrance” library and a dual‐filter MS spectral search procedure. Further emphasis was placed on the automated SPME instrumentation and on its ability to supply highly repeatable chromatographic data.
Analytical approaches to expanding the use of capillary electrophoresis in routine food analysis
Authors: Castañeda Gregorio , Rodríguez‐Flores Juana , Ríos Angel 
Published: June 2005

AbstractCapillary Electrophoresis (CE) is becoming an ever more powerful analytical technique for the separation, identification, and quantification of a wide variety of compounds of interest in many application fields. Particularly in food analysis this technique can offer interesting advantages over chromatographic techniques because of its greater simplicity and efficiency. Nevertheless, CE needs to advance with regard to compatibility with sample matrices, sensitivity, and robustness of the methodologies in order to gain even wider acceptance in food analysis laboratories, specially for routine work. This article presents various approaches to expanding the analytical usefulness of CE in food analysis, discussing their advantages over conventional CE. These approaches focus on sample screening, automated sample preparation with on‐line CE arrangements, and the automatic integration of calibration in routine analytical work with CE.
Determination of organic contaminants in food by capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Juan‐García Ana , Font Guillermina , Picó Yolanda 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThis review addresses recent advances in the analysis of organic contaminants, such as antibiotics, pesticides, biological toxins, and food‐borne pathogens, in foods by capillary electrophoresis (CE). Special attention is paid to those aspects that increase sensitivity and/or selectivity, such as sample extraction and concentration, on‐line preconcentration techniques (stacking), affinity capillaries or/and specific detectors (laser induced fluorescence (LIF), mass spectrometry (MS)). The various CE modes used to separate the compounds and the quantification strategies are also examined. As a result, this work presents an updated overview on the principal applications of CE, together with a discussion of their main advantages and drawbacks, and an outline of future trends in the analysis of organic contaminants in food.
Use of automated direct sample introduction with analyte protectants in the GC–MS analysis of pesticide residues
Authors: Čajka Tomáš , Maštovská Kateřina , Lehotay Steven J. , Hajšlová Jana 
Published: June 2005

AbstractAutomated large‐volume direct sample introduction, or difficult matrix introduction (DMI), was investigated in the determination of 44 pesticide residues possessing a wide range of physico‐chemical properties (volatility, polarity, pKa) in fruit‐based baby food by means of gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) with a quadrupole mass analyzer. DMI has advantages over traditional injection because large volumes (up to 30 μL) of potentially dirty sample extracts can be injected into the GC–MS, but nonvolatile matrix components that would normally contaminate the inlet are removed after every injection. The extra matrix and glass surfaces involved in DMI, however, make the system more prone to the matrix‐induced chromatographic enhancement effect, which adversely affects quantification of several pesticides. To overcome this problem, matrix‐matched calibration standards and/or the use of analyte protectants were applied in the DMI approach, and the analysis of extracts was also compared before and after undergoing clean‐up by dispersive solid‐phase extraction. For best quantification, clean‐up was still needed, and the combination of matrix‐matching with analyte protectants gave the most reproducible results. Depending on the application, however, the addition of analyte protectants (a mixture of 3‐ethoxy‐1,2‐propanediol, L‐gulonic acid 3‐lactone, and D‐sorbitol) to sample extracts and calibration standards in solvent (non‐matrix matched), gave satisfactory quantification for most of the 44 pesticides tested. The lowest calibration levels for 34 of the 44 pesticides were ⩽10 ng/g, which meets the standard required by the European Union Baby Food Directive (2003/13/EC).
Induced Circular Dichroism to Optically Active Poly{[methyl(1‐naphthyl)silylene](o‐phenylene)methylene}s Assisted by Supramolecular Complexation with β‐Cyclodextrin
Authors: Park Sung Young , Uenishi Kazuya , Kawakami Yusuke 
Published: June 2005

AbstractSummary: Optically active poly{methyl(1‐naphthyl)silylene](o‐phenylene)methylene}s with different molecular weights and configurations were prepared, and their supramolecular complexes with β‐cyclodextrin were investigated in a water–tetrahydrofuran mixture (1:1 v/v) at the temperatures between 25 and 68 °C. Complexation was very sensitive to sample preparation, molecular weight of the polymer as well as the configuration of the chiral silicon center. Supramolecular complexation, followed by changes in the circular dichroism, took place enantioselectively and the complex of the high‐molecular weight (+)‐polycarbosilane with β‐cyclodextrin exhibited a dramatic change in its induced circular dichroism. The mechanism of this unique complexation was investigated by SEC, 1H NMR spectroscopy, UV, fluorescence, and circular dichroism.Supramolecular complexation of β‐cyclodextrin with the optically active and isotactic polymer.magnified imageSupramolecular complexation of β‐cyclodextrin with the optically active and isotactic polymer.
Meige syndrome and pallidal deep brain stimulation
Authors: Houser Melissa , Waltz Thomas 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe cause of primary Meige syndrome is unknown, and although gender and age predilections are different from idiopathic torsion dystonia, most investigators consider Meige syndrome a variant of that disorder. Interest in the use of stereotactic brain surgery for refractory forms of dystonia is thus increasing. There is little experience with the use of deep brain stimulation (DBS) in focal dystonias, and reports of its use in Meige syndrome are very rare. We report on a case of Meige syndrome successfully treated with bilateral pallidal DBS. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society