bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
X‐Ray Visible Protein Scaffolds by Bulk Iodination
Authors: Flechas Becerra Carlos , Barrios Silva Lady V. , Ahmed Ebtehal , Bear Joseph C. , Feng Zhiping , Chau David Y.S. , Parker Samuel G. , Halligan Steve , Lythgoe Mark F. , Stuckey Daniel J. , Patrick P. Stephen 
Published: December 2023

AbstractProtein‐based biomaterial use is expanding within medicine, together with the demand to visualize their placement and behavior in vivo. However, current medical imaging techniques struggle to differentiate between protein‐based implants and surrounding tissue. Here a fast, simple, and translational solution for tracking transplanted protein‐based scaffolds is presented using X‐ray CT–facilitating long‐term, non‐invasive, and high‐resolution imaging. X‐ray visible scaffolds are engineered by selectively iodinating tyrosine residues under mild conditions using readily available reagents. To illustrate translatability, a clinically approved hernia repair mesh (based on decellularized porcine dermis) is labeled, preserving morphological and mechanical properties. In a mouse model of mesh implantation, implants retain marked X‐ray contrast up to 3 months, together with an unchanged degradation rate and inflammatory response. The technique's compatibility is demonstrated with a range of therapeutically relevant protein formats including bovine, porcine, and jellyfish collagen, as well as silk sutures, enabling a wide range of surgical and regenerative medicine uses. This solution tackles the challenge of visualizing implanted protein‐based biomaterials, which conventional imaging methods fail to differentiate from endogenous tissue. This will address previously unanswered questions regarding the accuracy of implantation, degradation rate, migration, and structural integrity, thereby accelerating optimization and safe translation of therapeutic biomaterials.
Structural Heterogeneity in a Phototransformable Fluorescent Protein Impacts its Photochemical Properties
Authors: Maity Arijit , Wulffelé Jip , Ayala Isabel , Favier Adrien , Adam Virgile , Bourgeois Dominique , Brutscher Bernhard 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPhotoconvertible fluorescent proteins (PCFP) are important cellular markers in advanced imaging modalities such as photoactivatable localization microscopy (PALM). However, their complex photophysical and photochemical behavior hampers applications such as quantitative and single‐particle‐tracking PALM. This work employs multidimensional NMR combined with ensemble fluorescence measurements to show that the popular mEos4b in its Green state populates two conformations (A and B), differing in side‐chain protonation of the conserved residues E212 and H62, altering the hydrogen‐bond network in the chromophore pocket. The interconversion (protonation/deprotonation) between these two states, which occurs on the minutes time scale in the dark, becomes strongly accelerated in the presence of UV light, leading to a population shift. This work shows that the reversible photoswitching and Green‐to‐Red photoconversion properties differ between the A and B states. The chromophore in the A‐state photoswitches more efficiently and is proposed to be more prone to photoconversion, while the B‐state shows a higher level of photobleaching. Altogether, this data highlights the central role of conformational heterogeneity in fluorescent protein photochemistry.
Investigating temporal bone variation of colonial populations from St‐Lawrence Valley, Quebec: A 3D geometric morphometric approach
Authors: Martin‐Moya Diane , Ribot Isabelle 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectivesIn Quebec, genetic and genealogical research are used to document migratory events and family structures since colonial times, because bioarchaeological analysis is limited by poor skeletal preservation. This article aims to fill this gap by exploring past population structure in the St‐Lawrence Valley from the French (1683–1760) and British (1760–1867) regimes using morphological variation of well‐preserved temporal bones.Materials and Methods3D geometric morphometrics shape data from seven populations (five Catholics of French descent and two Protestants of British descent; n = 214) were collected from temporal bones. Using Procrustes distances and both MANOVA and Discriminant Function Analysis, morphological differences were measured to calculate affinities patterns among populations. Shape variations were explored with between‐group analysis, Mahalanobis distances and quantified by means of Fst estimates using Relethford–Blangero analysis.ResultsDespite strong affinities between all Catholic cemeteries, all show divergent morphological regional diversity ‐especially Montreal and the fortified villages dedicated to its defense. Montreal exhibits low increase in morphological variance over three centuries. As our results show no morphological differences between the Catholic and the Protestant cemeteries in Montreal, this fact may highlight the potential presence of Irish or admixed individuals in Montreal cemeteries after the British takeover.DiscussionPatterns of morphological diversity highlighted that French colonists did not equally contribute to the descendant populations as reflected by significant interregional variation. Although historical records show that French and English‐speaking populations did not tend to admix, morphological affinities between Protestants and Catholics in the beginning of the industrial era in Montreal could reflect the genetic contribution of Catholic Irish migrants.Research Highlights
All Catholic cemeteries display distinct morphologies, highlighting differential contributions from French colonists and founder effects, which have increased regional differences.
Montreal Catholic (French descent) and Protestant (English colonists) cemeteries show significant morphological affinities at the beginning of the industrial era.
The Irish migration following the British conquest may explain morphological similarities observed between Catholic and Protestant cemeteries.
Child, parent and contextual factors associated with child protection system involvement and child maltreatment in the family: A rapid evidence review
Authors: Higgins Daryl J. , Hunt Gabrielle R. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractChild abuse and neglect in the home is a prevalent and significant issue in Australia. Recent findings from the Australian Child Maltreatment Study revealed that 62.2 per cent of participants had experienced at least one type of maltreatment during childhood, with most reporting multi‐type maltreatment. This rapid evidence review was aimed at understanding factors associated with child abuse and neglect in the family context. Results from the included studies indicated that there is a complex interplay between various child‐related factors, parent or family characteristics and contextual factors in understanding child maltreatment. Implications for a reliance on proxy measures of child maltreatment, including involvement with child protection systems, are also considered. A key finding across the included studies was that parent characteristics were consistently identified and should be a key target for prevention. Further research is needed to explore the role of parenting capacity and skills in the prevention of harm, the intersection between associated factors, how protective factors and strength‐based approaches can inform prevention efforts and how policies and practices can be designed to appropriately address this issue.
Contributions of amyloid beta and cerebral small vessel disease in clinical decline
Authors: Moonen Justine E. F. , Haan Renée , Bos Isabelle , Teunissen Charlotte , van de Giessen Elsmarieke , Tomassen Jori , den Braber Anouk , van der Landen Sophie M. , de Geus Eco J. C. , Legdeur Nienke , van Harten Argonde C. , Trieu Calvin , de Boer Casper , Kroeze Lior , Barkhof Frederik , Visser Pieter Jelle , van der Flier Wiesje M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractINTRODUCTIONWe assessed whether co‐morbid small vessel disease (SVD) has clinical predictive value in preclinical or prodromal Alzheimer's disease.METHODSIn 1090 non‐demented participants (65.4 ± 10.7 years) SVD was assessed with magnetic resonance imaging and amyloid beta (Aβ) with lumbar puncture and/or positron emission tomography scan (mean follow‐up for cognitive function 3.1 ± 2.4 years).RESULTSThirty‐nine percent had neither Aβ nor SVD (A–V–), 21% had SVD only (A–V+), 23% Aβ only (A+V–), and 17% had both (A+V+). Pooled cohort linear mixed model analyses demonstrated that compared to A–V– (reference), A+V– had a faster rate of cognitive decline. Co‐morbid SVD (A+V+) did not further increase rate of decline. Cox regression showed that dementia risk was modestly increased in A–V+ (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval: 1.8 [1.0–3.2]) and most strongly in A+ groups. Also, mortality risk was increased in A+ groups.DISCUSSIONIn non‐demented persons Aβ was predictive of cognitive decline, dementia, and mortality. SVD modestly predicts dementia in A–, but did not increase deleterious effects in A+.Highlights
Amyloid beta (Aβ; A) was predictive for cognitive decline, dementia, and mortality.
Small vessel disease (SVD) had no additional deleterious effects in A+.
SVD modestly predicted dementia in A–.
Aβ should be assessed even when magnetic resonance imaging indicates vascular cognitive impairment.
Reconstructed Bismuth Oxide through in situ Carbonation by Carbonate‐containing Electrolyte for Highly Active Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to Formate
Authors: Ren Xixi , Liu Fei , Wu Han , Lu Qi , Zhao Jun , Liu Yuan , Zhang Jinfeng , Mao Jing , Wang Jiajun , Han Xiaopeng , Deng Yida , Hu Wenbin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe catalyst‐reconstruction makes it challenging to clarify the practical active sites and unveil the actual reaction mechanism during the CO2 electroreduction reaction (CO2RR). However, currently the impact of the electrolyte microenvironment in which the electrolyte is in contact with the catalyst is overlooked and might induce a chemical evolution, thus confusing the reconstruction process and mechanism. In this work, the carbonate adsorption properties of metal oxides were investigated, and the mechanism of how the electrolyte carbonate affect the chemical evolution of catalysts were discussed. Notably, Bi2O3 with weak carbonate adsorption underwent a chemical reconstruction to form the Bi2O2CO3/Bi2O3 heterostructure. Furthermore, in situ and ex situ characterizations unveiled the formation mechanism of the heterostructure. The in situ formed Bi2O2CO3/Bi2O3 heterostructure with strong electron interaction served as the highly active structure for CO2RR, achieving a formate Faradaic efficiency of 98.1 % at −0.8 Vvs RHE. Theoretical calculations demonstrate that the significantly tuned p‐orbit electrons of the Bi sites in Bi2O2CO3/Bi2O3 optimized the adsorption of the intermediate and lowered the energy barrier for the formation of *OCHO. This work elucidates the mechanism of electrolyte microenvironment for affecting catalyst reconstruction, which contributes to the understanding of reconstruction process and clarification of the actual catalytic structure.
An Organocopper(III) Fluoride Triggering C−CF3 Bond Formation
Authors: Joven‐Sancho Daniel , Echeverri Andrea , Saffon‐Merceron Nathalie , Contreras‐García Julia , Nebra Noel 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCopper(III) fluorides are catalytically competent, yet elusive, intermediates in cross‐coupling. The synthesis of [PPh4][CuIII(CF3)3F] (2), the first stable (isolable) CuIII−F, was accomplished via chloride addition to [CuIII(CF3)3(py)] (1) yielding [PPh4][CuIII(CF3)3Cl(py)] (1⋅Cl), followed by treatment with AgF. The CuIII halides 1⋅Cl and 2 were fully characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, single crystal X‐ray diffraction (Sc‐XRD) and elemental analysis (EA). Complex 2 proved capable of forging C−CF3 bonds from silyl‐capped alkynes. In‐depth mechanistic studies combining probes, theoretical calculations, trapping of intermediate 4a ([PPh4][CuIII(CF3)3(C≡CPh)]) and radical tests unveil the key role of the CuIII acetylides that undergo facile 2e− reductive elimination furnishing the trifluoromethylated alkynes (RC≡CCF3), which are industrially relevant synthons in drug discovery, pharma and agrochemistry.
Preparation of aluminum diethyl hypophosphite intercalation‐modified montmorillonite AlPi‐MMT and its effect on the flame retardancy and smoke suppression of thermoplastic polyester elastomer
Authors: Wang Zhengyi , Wu Wei , Zhang Wenxue , Shen Hui , Feng Yanling , Li Jianshuo 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAn aluminum diethyl hypophosphite intercalation‐modified montmorillonite flame retardant (AlPi‐MMT) is successfully prepared and characterized by FT‐IR, SEM, and X‐ray diffraction. It is found that thermoplastic polyester elastomer (TPEE) composites incorporating 15 wt% AlPi‐MMT flame retardant exhibited better char formation and flame retardant properties compared to those incorporating 15 wt% (4:1, w:w) AlPi and MMT. And the char residual of TPEE/AlPi‐MMT at 700°C is 16.17%, which is higher than that of TPEE/AlPi‐MMT at 13.94%. and the former can pass UL‐94 V‐0 rating test while the latter can only pass UL‐94 V‐1 rating test. Afterwards, the combustion performance of TPEE composites is characterized, and it is found that the heat release and smoke release of TPEE/AlPi‐MMT are greatly reduced compared with those of pure TPEE and TPEE/AlPi/MMT, which is a flame retardant and smoke suppressant TPEE composite. Finally, by analyzing the residual char morphology and elements of TPEE composites after combustion, the mechanism of the flame retardant AlPi‐MMT to promote char formation and flame retardancy is demonstrated.
Hybridization and invasive species in a threatened freshwater fish community under environmental pressures: Morphometric and molecular evidence
Authors: Galvez‐Bravo Lucía , Perdices Anabel , De Miguel R. J. , Lambea-Camblor Ángela , Penney Charlotte , Meloro Carlo , Martinez-Cruz Begoña , Brown Richard P. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Mediterranean freshwater systems are under threat owing to increased drought driven by climate change, intensive human land uses and non‐native species. This is causing increased fish hybridization in isolated watercourses.
The genetic and morphological characteristics of hybrids of sympatric native and non‐native fish species were studied in four streams of the Mediterranean Guadalquivir basin (south‐west Spain). Fish morphology was analysed using geometric morphometrics, and molecular determination of parenthood was inferred through one mitochondrial gene (cytb) and one nuclear gene (Beta‐actin) for all hybrids and a subset of pure parental specimens.
Molecular analyses confirmed hybrids between the native Squalius alburnoides and non‐native Alburnus alburnus in a stream with continuous flow. Haplotype analyses suggested that they originated from backcrossing of hybrid offspring. Intergeneric crosses between native species S. alburnoides and Pseudochondrostoma willkommii, and S. alburnoides and Iberochondrostoma lemmingii were detected in streams under reduced connectivity scenarios.
Morphometrics revealed that hybrid phenotypes were similar to S. alburnoides. In some cases, molecular markers uncovered hybridization events that were neither detected in the field nor by morphometric analyses, potentially supporting a backcrossing/introgression scenario.
Hybridization is likely to be increasing in Mediterranean rivers where S. alburnoides are present owing to increased fragmentation caused by summer drought exacerbated by climate change and human land uses and pressures. This can become a problem for these endemic vulnerable species if genetic diversity is lost, morphological homogenization occurs and hybrids cannot be easily detected in the field.
The potential risks could be addressed by monitoring and eradication of non‐native species and segregation from natives. To avoid native–native crosses, habitat quality and desiccation risk could be tackled by improved water quality and riparian reforestation to provide shade and reduce evapotranspiration. This would need increased coordination and intervention between the institutions that share conservation responsibilities in the area.
An analysis of threats to endangered animal taxa in California's freshwater systems
Authors: Qin Gary , Anderson Kurt E. , Cassady Anna , Rodriguez Leonardo , Syed Eeman , Regan Helen M. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

This study analysed threats to federally and State‐listed endangered and threatened animal taxa in California, United States, and how threats varied by taxa, habitat use, spatial extent, severity, geographical region and endemic status using threat categories from the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List Threats Classification Scheme and information from scientific literature and reports.
A majority of the taxa evaluated were associated with freshwater habitats and were endemic to California. The most threatened taxonomic groups were fish, followed by mammals and birds. The number of threats was mostly evenly distributed across the State's three geographical regions (i.e., North, Central and South), and no single region had a disproportionately high number of endangered animal taxa.
Freshwater taxa were the most affected in nearly every threat category, suggesting that freshwater taxa are more threatened than their terrestrial and marine counterparts. In descending order, the most prominent threats across all taxa were habitat loss, invasive species, climate change and altered hydrology. Threats identified as high severity also tended to have a high spatial extent and vice versa.
This study shows that the numerous freshwater faunas in California are disproportionately affected by threats also found in other freshwater systems and Mediterranean‐climate regions, highlighting the scope of the freshwater biodiversity crisis in California. Managing priorities to target the most pervasive threats to endangered freshwater taxa documented in this study will help safeguard freshwater biodiversity against human threats in California and beyond.
Performance of DETECT Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Algorithm According to the Hemodynamic Definition of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in the 2022 European Society of Cardiology and the European Respiratory Society Guidelines
Authors: Distler Oliver , Bonderman Diana , Coghlan J. Gerry , Denton Christopher P. , Grünig Ekkehard , Khanna Dinesh , McLaughlin Vallerie V. , Müller‐Ladner Ulf , Pope Janet E. , Vonk Madelon C. , Di Scala Lilla , Lemarie Jean‐Christophe , Perchenet Loïc , Hachulla Éric 
Published: December 2023

ObjectiveThe evidence‐based DETECT pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) algorithm is frequently used in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) to help clinicians screen for PAH by using noninvasive data to recommend patient referral to echocardiography and, if applicable, for a diagnostic right‐sided heart catheterization. However, the hemodynamic definition of PAH was recently updated in the 2022 European Society of Cardiology (ESC)/European Respiratory Society (ERS) guidelines. The performance of DETECT PAH in identifying patients with a high risk of PAH according to this new definition was assessed.MethodsIn this post hoc analysis of DETECT, which comprised 466 patients with SSc, the performance of the DETECT PAH algorithm in identifying patients with a high risk of PAH as defined in the 2022 ESC/ERS guidelines (mean pulmonary arterial pressure [mPAP] >20 mm Hg, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure [PCWP] ≤15 mm Hg, and pulmonary vascular resistance >2 Wood units) was assessed using summary statistics and was descriptively compared to the known performance of DETECT PAH as defined in 2014, when it was developed (mPAP ≥25 mm Hg and PCWP ≤15 mm Hg).ResultsThe sensitivity of DETECT PAH in identifying patients with a high risk of PAH according to the 2022 ESC/ERS definition was lower (88.2%) compared to the 2014 definition (95.8%). Specificity improved from 47.8% to 50.8%.ConclusionThe performance of the DETECT algorithm to screen for PAH in patients with SSc is maintained when PAH is defined according to the 2022 ESC/ERS hemodynamic definition, indicating that DETECT remains applicable to screen for PAH in patients with SSc.image
Investigating Electrode‐Ionomer Interface Phenomena for Electrochemical Energy Applications
Authors: Jo So Yeong , Kim Hanjoo , Park Hyein , Ahn Chi‐Yeong , Chung Dong Young 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe endeavor to develop high‐performance electrochemical energy applications has underscored the growing importance of comprehending the intricate dynamics within an electrode‘s structure and their influence on overall performance. This review investigates the complexities of electrode‐ionomer interactions, which play a critical role in optimizing electrochemical reactions. Our examination encompasses both microscopic and meso/macro scale functions of ionomers at the electrode‐ionomer interface, providing a thorough analysis of how these interactions can either enhance or impede surface reactions. Furthermore, this review explores the broader‐scale implications of ionomer distribution within porous electrodes, taking into account factors like ionomer types, electrode ink formulation, and carbon support interactions. We also present and evaluate state‐of‐the‐art techniques for investigating ionomer distribution, including electrochemical methods, imaging, modeling, and analytical techniques. Finally, the performance implications of these phenomena are discussed in the context of energy conversion devices. Through this comprehensive exploration of intricate interactions, this review contributes to the ongoing advancements in the field of energy research, ultimately facilitating the design and development of more efficient and sustainable energy devices.
Syngas Production by Chemical Looping Dry Reforming of Methane over Ni‐modified MoO3/ZrO2
Authors: Maeno Zen , Koiso Hiroki , Shitori Toshiki , Hiraoka Koji , Seki Shiro , Namiki Norikazu 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe investigated supported‐MoO3 materials effective for the chemical looping dry reforming of methane (CL–DRM) to decrease the reaction temperature. Ni‐modified molybdenum zirconia (Ni/MoO3/ZrO2) showed CL–DRM activity under isothermal reaction conditions of 650 °C, which was 100–200 °C lower than the previously reported oxide‐based materials. Ni/MoO3/ZrO2 activity strongly depends on the MoO3 loading amount. The optimal loading amount was 9.0 wt.% (Ni/MoO3(9.0)/ZrO2), wherein two‐dimensional polymolybdate species were dominantly formed. Increasing the loading amount to more than 12.0 wt.% resulted in a loss of activity owing to the formation of bulk Zr(MoO4)2 and/or MoO3. In situ Mo K‐edge XANES studies revealed that the surface polymolybdate species serve as oxygen storage sites. The Mo6+ species were reduced to Mo4+ species by CH4 to produce CO and H2. The reduced Mo species reoxidized by CO2 with the concomitant formation of CO. The developed Ni/MoO3(9.0)/ZrO2 was applied to the long‐term CL–DRM under high concentration conditions (20 % CH4 and 20 % CO2) at 650 °C, with two pathways possible for converting CH4 and CO2 to CO and H2 via the redox reaction of the Mo species and coke formation.