bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes to Middle East and Southwest Asia Compound Drought and Heat since 1999
Authors: Hoell Andrew , Robinson Rachel , Agel Laurie , Barlow Mathew , Breeden Melissa , Eischeid Jon , McNally Amy , Slinski Kimberly , Quan Xiao-Wei 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We diagnose physical factors related to frequent compound drought and heat extremes over a Middle East and Southwest Asia (MESA; 30°–40°N, 35°–65°E) region in a recent (1999–2022) compared to a prior (1951–98) period. The recent compound extremes were related to conflict, disease transmission, and water shortages in this already semiarid region. Observed estimates and four transient climate model ensembles are used to identify the effect of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and atmospheric forcing by greenhouse gases and aerosols on these compound extremes in autumn (September–November), winter (December–February), spring (March–May), and summer (June–August) that may lead to practical forecast skill for future compound events. Observations and climate models indicate that MESA compound drought and heat in the autumn, winter, and spring wet seasons for the recent period were related to the La Niña phase of ENSO and an attendant northward shift of the storm track that hinders precipitation-bearing storms from moving through MESA. A comparison of different conditions in the model simulations is used to isolate the effects of La Niña and the atmospheric forcing by greenhouse gases and aerosols on compound MESA drought and heat. A comparison of recent and prior periods in the climate models, which isolates the effects of the atmospheric forcing, indicates that greenhouse gases and aerosols are related to the increases in MESA heat frequency in all seasons. A comparison of La Niña to ENSO neutral and El Niño in the recent period of the climate models indicates that La Niña is related to increases in MESA drought frequency in the wet seasons.

Significance Statement
Compound drought and heat pose serious threats to the Middle East and Southwest Asia (MESA) where political and socioeconomic challenges leave its people vulnerable to climate extremes. In this region, frequent seasonal compound drought and heat in a recent (1999–2022) compared to a prior (1951–98) period were related to conflict and water shortages. Physical factors related to these compound extremes in the recent period over MESA were identified, potentially rendering future occurrences predictable. La Niña and atmospheric forcing by greenhouse gases and aerosols contributed to the compound extremes, with the former related to anomalously low precipitation in the September–November, December–February, and March–May wet seasons and the latter related to anomalous high temperatures in all seasons, including June–August.
Processes Contributing to Bering Sea Temperature Variability in the Late Twentieth and Early Twenty-First Century
Authors: Hayden Emily E. , O’Neill Larry W. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Over recent decades, the Bering Sea has experienced oceanic and atmospheric climate extremes, including record warm ocean temperature anomalies and marine heatwaves (MHWs), and increasingly variable air–sea heat fluxes. In this work, we assess the relative roles of surface forcing and ocean dynamical processes on mixed layer temperature (MLT) tendency by computing a closed mixed layer heat budget using the NASA/JPL Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean (ECCO) Ocean State and Sea Ice Estimate. We show that surface forcing drives the majority of the MLT tendency in the spring and fall and remains dominant to a lesser degree in winter and summer. Surface forcing anomalies are the dominant driver of monthly mixed layer temperature tendency anomalies (MLTa), driving an average of 72% of the MLTa over the ECCO record length (1992–2017). The surface turbulent heat flux (latent plus sensible) accounts for most of the surface heat flux anomalies in January–April and September–December, and the net radiative flux (net longwave plus net shortwave) dominates the surface heat flux anomalies in May–August. Our results suggest that atmospheric variability plays a significant role in Bering Sea ocean temperature anomalies through most of the year. Furthermore, they indicate a recent increase in ocean warming surface forcing anomalies, beginning in 2010.

Significance Statement
In recent years, the Bering Sea has experienced extremes in ocean temperature, which have had adverse impacts on ocean ecology and marine fisheries and have contributed to increasingly variable sea ice extent. Our results identify anomalous heating by air–sea heat flux anomalies as the process responsible for most of the observed ocean temperature anomalies over the period 1992–2017. We additionally show that there has been an increase in atmosphere-driven ocean warming since 2010. Our work highlights the importance of investigating how ocean–atmosphere interactions might change under future climate change and how this will impact the Bering Sea.
Outcomes of mitral valve replacement with complete annular decalcification
Authors: Numaguchi Ryosuke , Takaki Jun , Nishigawa Kosaku , Yoshinaga Takashi , Fukui Toshihiro 
Published: October 2023

Background This study aimed to examine the clinical outcomes of mitral valve replacement (MVR) in patients with severe mitral annular calcification (MAC) who required extensive decalcification and mitral annular reconstruction. Methods We reviewed 15 patients with severe MAC who underwent MVR between January 2016 and May 2022. In all cases, the calcified mitral annulus was resected completely using a Cavitron Ultrasound Surgical Aspirator, and a new annulus was created using bovine pericardium. In the acute postoperative phase, strict afterload reduction therapy using an intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) was administered. Results The mean age of patients was 73  ±  8 years, and 13 (86.7%) were women. Concomitant aortic valve replacement was performed in 11 (73.3%) patients, tricuspid annuloplasty in 9 (60.0%), coronary artery bypass grafting in 1 (6.7%), and arrhythmia surgery in 7 (46.7%). The mean aortic cross-clamp and cardiopulmonary bypass times were 143  ±  32 min and 175  ±  34 min, respectively. In 13 patients, an IABP was used for 2 or 3 days postoperatively. There were no in-hospital deaths, left ventricular ruptures, or other MAC-related complications. Postoperative echocardiography revealed no paravalvular leakages. Conclusion Our strategy for managing severe MAC is safe and reproducible even in relatively high-risk patients. Afterload reduction using an IABP in the acute postoperative phase may reduce the risk of fatal complications after extensive decalcification and mitral annular reconstruction.
Acute but not long-lasting antidepressant-like effect of psilocybin in differential reinforcement of low-rate 72 schedule in rats
Authors: Malikowska-Racia Natalia , Koniewski Maciej , Golebiowska Joanna , Popik Piotr 
Published: October 2023

Background: In clinical studies, psychedelics including psilocybin and D-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) demonstrate rapid and persistent antidepressant effects. Since the effective treatment with psychedelics is usually provided with psychotherapy, it is debatable whether their prolonged efficacy can be observed in infrahuman species. Preclinical reports on psychedelics’ effects most often address their acute actions, and different tests and models provide inconsistent results. The goal of this study was to examine whether the treatment with psilocybin and/or LSD would demonstrate immediate and/or sustained antidepressant-like effects in the differential reinforcement of low-rate responding (DRL) schedule in rats. In contrast to the antidepressant screening tools, the DRL 72s test is known to detect antidepressants with high predictive validity as it differentiates clinically effective antidepressants from other psychoactive drugs in non-stressed animals. Methods: Adult male Sprague Dawley rats were injected over three consecutive days with psilocybin (1 mg/kg), LSD (0.08 mg/kg), or saline and then tested in DRL 72s for the following 4 weeks. Results: Treatment with psilocybin but not LSD demonstrated an immediate antidepressant-like effect, manifested as an increased number of reinforced presses and response efficiency. By contrast, neither of the drugs showed a long-term (up to 4 weeks following administration) antidepressant-like effect. Conclusions: Using DRL 72s schedule of reinforcement, we demonstrated the acute antidepressant-like effect of psilocybin but not of LSD, and failed to detect their persistent antidepressant-like efficacy. The present study suggests that the detection of long-lasting antidepressant-like activity in rats could be challenging and may require entirely novel behavioral methods.
Prevalence of preterm birth in Scandinavian countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Behboudi-Gandevani Samira , Bidhendi-Yarandi Razieh , Hossein Panahi Mohammad , Mardani Abbas , Prinds Christina , Vaismoradi Mojtaba , Glarcher Manela 
Published: October 2023

Objectives As welfare societies, Scandinavian countries share characteristics of equality related to healthcare access, gender, and social services. However, cultural and lifestyle variations create country-specific health differences. This meta-analysis assessed the prevalence of preterm birth (PTB) and its categories in Scandinavian countries. Methods A systematic search in key databases of literature published between 1990 and 2021 identified studies of the prevalence of PTB and its categories. Following the use of the Freeman–Tukey double arcsine transformation, a meta-analysis of weighted data was performed using the random-effects model and meta-prop method. Results We identified 109 observational studies that involved 86,420,188 live births. The overall pooled prevalence (PP) of PTB was 5.3% (PP = 5.3%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 5.1%, 5.5%). The highest prevalence was in Norway (PP = 6.2%, 95% CI 5.3%, 7.0%), followed by Sweden (PP = 5.3%, 95% CI 5.1%, 5.4%), Denmark (PP = 5.2%, 95% CI 4.9%, 5.3%), and Iceland (PP = 5.0%, 95% CI 4.4%, 5.7%). Finland had the lowest PTB rate (PP = 4.9%, 95% CI 4.7%, 5.1%). Conclusions The overall PP of PTB was 5.3%, with small variations among countries (4.9%–6.2%). The highest and lowest PPs of PTB were in Norway and Finland, respectively.
How close family members contribute to the occupational experiences of their relatives with dementia in long-term residential care: An interpretative phenomenological analysis
Authors: Woodhall Emma , Shaw Sarah 
Published: October 2023

Introduction: This research examines how close family members consider themselves to contribute to the activities, routines and occupational identity of their elderly relatives with dementia who reside in long-term residential care, and the factors that support or challenge their involvement. Method: Five participants engaged in a single semi-structured interview, which were analysed utilising interpretative phenomenological analysis. Results: Close family members contributed to their relatives’ occupational experiences by being vigilant and advocating to rectify perceived deficits in care home staff’s provision of activity; providing their relatives with personalised, hands-on support to access more frequent and higher-quality opportunities for occupational participation and engagement; and maintaining their relatives’ occupational identity. Conclusion: Close family members promote frequent opportunities for meaningful occupational participation and engagement for their relatives, and potentially mitigate the extent of occupational injustice that their relatives experience. Accordingly, health and social care staff should enhance close family members’ efforts by developing constructive partnerships with close family members and providing close family members with caregiver training.
The Perspective of Nurses and Healthcare Providers on the use of Television Videos with People with Moderate to Severe Dementia
Authors: Hung Lillian , Wong Karen Lok Yi , Mann Jim , Berndt Annette , Wong Lily , Wang Carly , Liao Deborah , Pan Diane , Ren Haopu 
Published: October 2023

Background Nurses and healthcare providers need practical tools to deliver person-centred care in hospitals and long-term care homes. Few non-pharmacological interventions are designed to meet the needs of people with moderate to severe dementia. Dementia-friendly television videos (TV videos) offer a familiar stimulation with the potential for meaningful engagement in the relational space of technology. TV videos refer to moving visuals with audio that can be shown on TV and other devices. They can be used for different purposes for people with dementia, such as stimulating memories and facilitating expressions. Purpose This study aims to understand the perspectives of nurses and healthcare providers on the potential function and practice considerations of using TV videos for people with moderate to severe dementia. Methods We conducted five focus groups with 23 nurses and healthcare providers in a long-term care home and a geriatric hospital unit. Data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis and guided by Kitwood's person-centred care model. Results Our analysis identified five themes about the use of TV videos: (1) calm the person with dementia who is in emotional distress, (2) form connections with the person with dementia, (3) bring people with dementia together, (4) facilitate the Person's Activities of Daily Living (ADLs), (5) help the person connect with their past. Conclusion TV videos should be designed to match the person's cognitive abilities, interests, and cultural and linguistic backgrounds. Our findings supplemented Kitwood's model by identifying the person's cultural and language needs.
The efficiency of fabricated Ag/ZnO nanocomposite using Ruta chalepensis L. leaf extract as a potent protoscolicidal and anti-hydatid cysts agent
Authors: Jalil Parwin J , Shnawa Bushra H , Hamad Samir M , Hamad Bnar Shahab , Ahmed Mukhtar H 
Published: October 2023

Background As a consequence of their eco-friendliness, simplicity and non-toxicity, the fabrication of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles using greener chemistry has been a highly attractive research area over the last decade. Aim In this study focused on the fabrication of silver-Zinc oxide nanocomposite (Ag-ZnO NCs) using Ruta chalepensis leaf extract and evaluating its potential biological activities, against Echinococcus granulosus in an in vitro and in vivo model using BALB/c mice. Methods In this study, the synthesis of Ag-ZnO NCs was accomplished using local R. chalepensis leaf extracts. The synthesized nanocomposites were identified using UV-Vis, SEM-EDX, XRD, and FTIR. For a short-term assessment of acute toxicity, BALB/c mice were given the prepared NCs orally. Dual sets of mice were also intraperitoneally injected with protoscoleces for secondary echinococcosis infection. Furthermore, a blood compatibility test was carried out on the nanocomposites. Results The synthesized Ag-ZnO NCs presented a surface plasmon peak at 329 and 422 nm. The XRD, SEM, and EDX confirmed the purity of the Ag-ZnO NCs. The FTIR spectra indicated the formation of Ag-ZnO NCs. Compared to the untreated infected mice, the treated-infected animals displayed an alteration in the appearance of the hepatic hydatid cysts from hyaline to whitish cloudy with a rough surface appearance. Lysis of RBCs at various doses of Ag-ZnONCs was significantly less than the positive contro,. Conclusion These findings revealed that the Ag-ZnO NCs didn’t cause any adverse symptoms and no mortality was observed in all administered groups of mice. The obtained outcomes confirmed that concentrations of up to 40 μg/mL of the bio-fabricated Ag-ZnONCs induced no notable harm to the red blood cells.
Treatment Initiation, Substance Use Trajectories, and the Social Determinants of Health in Persons Living With HIV Seeking Medication for Opioid Use Disorder
Authors: Cook Ryan R. , Jaworski Erin N. , Hoffman Kim A. , Waddell Elizabeth N. , Myers Renae , Korthuis P. Todd , Vergara-Rodriguez Pamela 
Published: October 2023

Background: People living with HIV and opioid use disorder (OUD) are disproportionally affected by adverse socio-structural exposures negatively affecting health, which have shown inconsistent associations with uptake of medications for OUD (MOUD). This study aimed to determine whether social determinants of health (SDOH) were associated with MOUD uptake and trajectories of substance use in a clinical trial of people seeking treatment. Methods: Data are from a 2018 to 2019 randomized trial comparing the effectiveness of different MOUD to achieve viral suppression among people living with HIV and OUD. SDOH were defined by variables mapping to Healthy People 2030 domains: education (Education Access and Quality), income (Economic Stability), homelessness (Neighborhood and Built Environment), criminal justice involvement (Social and Community Context), and recent SUD care (Health Care Access and Quality). Associations between SDOH and MOUD initiation were assessed with Cox proportional hazards models, and SDOH and substance use over time with generalized estimating equation models. Results: Participants (N = 114) averaged 47 years old, 63% were male, 56% were Black, and 12% Hispanic. Participants reported an average of 2.3 out of 5 positive SDOH indicators (SD = 1.2). Stable housing was the most commonly reported SDOH (61%), followed by no recent criminal justice involvement (59%), having a high-school level education or greater (56%), income stability (45%), and recent SUD care (13%). Each additional favorable SDOH was associated with a 25% increase in the likelihood of MOUD initiation during the study period [adjusted HR = 1.25, 95% CI = (1.01, 1.55), P = .044]. Positive SDOH were also associated with a decrease in the odds of baseline opioid use and a greater reduction in opioid use during subsequent weeks of the study ( P < .001 for a joint test of baseline and slope differences). Conclusions: Positive social determinants of health, in aggregate, may increase the likelihood of MOUD treatment initiation among people living with HIV and OUD.
Using “Real-World Data” to Study Cleft Lip/Palate Care: An Exploration of Speech Outcomes from a Multi-Center US Learning Health Network
Authors: Dunworth Kristina , Sharif-Askary Banafsheh , Grames Lynn , Jones Carlee , Kern Jennifer , Nyswonger-Sugg Jillian , Suárez Arthur , Thompson Karen , Ching Jessica , Golden Brent , Merrill Corinne , Nguyen Phuong , Patel Kamlesh , Rogers-Vizena Carolyn R. , Rottgers S. Alex , Skolnick Gary B. , Allori Alexander C. 
Published: October 2023

Objective To assess the ability of a cleft-specific multi-site learning health network registry to describe variations in cleft outcomes by cleft phenotypes, ages, and treatment centers. Observed variations were assessed for coherence with prior study findings. Design Cross-sectional analysis of prospectively collected data from 2019–2022. Setting Six cleft treatment centers collected data systematically during routine clinic appointments according to a standardized protocol. Participants 714 English-speaking children and adolescents with non-syndromic cleft lip/palate. Intervention Routine multidisciplinary care and systematic outcomes measurement by cleft teams. Outcome Measures Speech outcomes included articulatory accuracy measured by Percent Consonants Correct (PCC), velopharyngeal function measured by Velopharyngeal Competence (VPC) Rating Scale (VPC-R), intelligibility measured by caregiver-reported Intelligibility in Context Scale (ICS), and two CLEFT-Q™ surveys, in which patients rate their own speech function and level of speech distress. Results 12year-olds exhibited high median PCC scores (91–100%), high frequency of velopharyngeal competency (62.50–100%), and high median Speech Function (80–91) relative to younger peers parsed by phenotype. Patients with bilateral cleft lip, alveolus, and palate reported low PCC scores (51–91%) relative to peers at some ages and low frequency of velopharyngeal competency (26.67%) at 5 years. ICS scores ranged from 3.93–5.0 for all ages and phenotypes. Speech Function and Speech Distress were similar across phenotypes. Conclusions This exploration of speech outcomes demonstrates the current ability of the cleft-specific registry to support cleft research efforts as a source of “real-world” data. Further work is focused on developing robust methodology for hypothesis-driven research and causal inference.
Evaluating SWAG and Its Validity When Compared to 3D Imagery of Secondarily Grafted Cleft Sites
Authors: Briss David S , Long Ross E , Peterman John B , Doucet Jean Charles , Daskalogiannakis John , Hathaway Ron R , Mercado Ana M , Russell Kathy , Stauffer Lexi 
Published: October 2023

Objective To test validity of 2D Standardized Way to Assess Grafts (SWAG) ratings to assess 3D outcomes of bone grafting (ABG). Patients 43 patients (34 UCLP, 9 BCLP) with non-syndromic complete clefts, bone-grafted at mean age 9yrs/3mos, with available post-graft occlusal radiographs and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) (taken mean 4yrs/9mos post-ABG). Main Outcome Measures 2D occlusal radiographs rated twice using SWAG by 6 calibrated raters. 12 scores were averaged and converted to a percentage reflecting bone-fill. Weighted Kappas were assessed for SWAG reliability. 3D cleft-site bone volume was calculated by 1 rater using ITK-SNAP. 13 cleft sites were re-measured by the ‘one rater’ for 3D reliability using Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC). 2D versus 3D ratings were compared using paired t-test, independent samples t-test, Bland-Altman and Linear Regression. Significance level was P = .5. Results 2D reliability was 0.724 (intra-rater) and 0.546 (inter-rater). 3D reliability was 0.986. Bland-Altman plot comparing 2D vs 3D showed for 45 of 47 graft-sites were within 2 SD's. Mean % bone-fill was 64.11% with 2D and 69.06% with 3D (mean difference = 4.95%) that was a non-significant difference in both t-tests. Regression showed a statistically significant relation between the two methods (r2 = 0.46; P = .0001). Conclusion 2D SWAG systematically and non-significantly underestimated bone-fill. There was a significant correlation between 2D/3D methods. Bland-Altman analysis illustrated the similarity of the two methods. For comparisons of group (cleft treatment Centers’) bone grafting outcomes, the 2D method may suffice as a proxy for the 3D method. However, with individual variation up to 40% in 2D estimates of actual 3D volume, 2D SWAG method cannot be used in place of 3D images.
Liposomal ozonated oil effectiveness in the signs and symptoms of blepharitis in usual clinical practice
Authors: Benítez-Del-Castillo Jose Manuel 
Published: October 2023

Purpose To analyze the efficacy of liposomal ozonated oil (Ozonest®) treatment, in patients with blepharitis or blepharoconjunctivitis, in improving the signs and symptoms of the pathology. Methods Exploratory, open-label, prospective, single-arm, pre-post comparative pilot study in usual clinical practice, in 20 patients with blepharitis/blepharoconjunctivitis, receiving treatment with liposomal ozonated oil, one drop in each eye, 4 times a day, for 28 days. Main purpose was to assess whether there was a clinically improvement in the blepharitis specific BLISS questionnaire score. Changes in the 12-item OSDI, in eyelid signs of blepharitis assessed by the physicians were also evaluated among other tests, and there was also a subjective evaluation of the treatment by patients. Results The BLISS score significantly improved from 16.4 before treatment to 11.8 after treatment ( p < 0.05). The OSDI score was also significantly improved from 27.5 before treatment to 20.5 after treatment ( p < 0.05). All tests conducted before and after treatment showed significant improvement ( p < 0.05), except for NIBUT. The treatment received a score of 7 out of 10 by the patients. There were no adverse events in any patient. Conclusion Liposomal ozonated oil treatment showed good efficacy in improving the signs and symptoms of blepharitis/blepharoconjunctivitis, satisfaction of patients, and good safety and tolerability.