bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nitric oxide, endothelium‐derived hyperpolarizing factor, and smooth muscle‐dependent mechanisms contribute to magnesium‐dependent vascular relaxation in mouse arteries
Authors: Kudryavtseva Olga , Lyngsø Kristina S. , Jensen Boye L. , Dimke Henrik 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAimMagnesium (Mg2+) is a vasorelaxant. The underlying physiological mechanisms driving this vasorelaxation remain unclear. Studies were designed to test the hypothesis that multiple signaling pathways including nitric oxide (NO) and endothelium‐derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) in endothelial cells as well as Ca2+ antagonization and TRPM7 channels in vascular smooth muscle cells mediate Mg2+‐dependent vessel relaxation.MethodsTo uncover these mechanisms, force development was measured ex vivo in aorta rings from mice using isometric wire myography. Concentration responses to Mg2+ were studied in intact and endothelium‐denuded aortas. Key findings were confirmed in second‐order mesenteric resistance arteries perfused ex vivo using pressure myography. Effects of Mg2+ on NO formation were measured in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells, isolated mesenteric vessels, and mouse urine.ResultsMg2+ caused a significant concentration‐dependent relaxation of aorta rings. This relaxation was attenuated significantly in endothelium‐denuded aortas. The endothelium‐dependent portion was inhibited by NO and cGMP blockade but not by cyclooxygenase inhibition. Mg2+ stimulated local NO formation in CHO cells and isolated mesenteric vessels without changing urinary NOx levels. High extracellular Mg2+ augmented acetylcholine‐induced relaxation. SKCa and IKCa channel blockers apamin and TRAM34 inhibited Mg2+‐dependent relaxation. The endothelium‐independent relaxation in aorta rings was inhibited by high extracellular Ca2+. Combined blockade of NO, SKCa, and IKCa channels significantly reduced Mg2+‐dependent dilatation in mesenteric resistance vessels.ConclusionsIn mouse conductance and resistance arteries Mg2+‐induced relaxation is contributed by endothelial NO formation, EDHF pathways, antagonism of Ca2+ in smooth muscle cells, and additional unidentified mechanisms.
Relationships between resumé cues and applicants' personality
Authors: Härtel Tobias M. , Breil Simon M. , Grunenberg Eric , Back Mitja D. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHuman resource (HR) professionals regularly draw personality inferences from applicants' resumés. Building on the lens model, we illuminate resumés' potential for accurately inferring personality by examining valid resumé cues indicating personality. We assessed self‐reported big five traits and narcissism of 141 business students at career start applying with resumés for a fictional position. Drawing on personality theory and empirical findings, 70 resumé cues (e.g., appealing look and creative hobbies) were post hoc selected from a larger cue set comprising 160 cues coded by 11 trained coders. Computing bivariate correlations and multiple linear regressions, we identified easy‐to‐interpret valid resumé cues explaining substantial personality variance, with conscientiousness, openness, and narcissism being best explained by resumé cues (R2 > 20%). Although all considered personality traits were expressed in resumé cues, only a fraction of the cues (16 out of 70 cues) were related to personality traits. This suggests a rather mediocre upper limit to the potential of accurately inferring personality from resumés. We contribute to the literature on personality inferences at zero‐acquaintance by adding valid resumé cues to recruitment‐related information bases allowing to make (somewhat) accurate personality inferences. The results have practical implications for applying resumé‐based personality inferences in recruitment and improving HR professionals' accuracy.
Valproate‐induced hyperammonemia, neuroleptic sensitivity, and cerebellar atrophy—A clinical conundrum in the management of bipolar disorder
Authors: Shetty Samarth S. , AnnajiGowda Harshitha H. , Dahale Ajit Bhalchandra 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveTreatment of bipolar disorder (BD) involves complexities especially when patients come with significant sensitivity to various psychotropic medications and comorbidities. The following cases aim to recapitulate and discuss some of such situations.CasesCase 1: A 36‐year‐old man with intellectual development disorder and BD experienced catatonia, seizures, and hyperammonemia following valproate administration. Treatment involved electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and a tailored medication regimen, ultimately leading to stability.Case 2: A 63‐year‐old man with long‐standing BD exhibited resistance to lithium and valproate of late, having co‐existing essential tremors and cerebellar atrophy. Multiple medication trials led to side effects, requiring ECT for symptom improvement, followed by a carefully adjusted maintenance regimen.ConclusionMedication side effects can pose major challenges in treatment of BD. Comprehensive evaluation and monitoring are essential. ECT can prove valuable in such cases. There is pressing need to develop more safer treatment alternatives, especially considering the progressively ageing society.
A shared lens around sensemaking in learning analytics: What activity theory, definition of a situation and affordances can offer
Authors: Poquet Oleksandra 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe paper argues that learning analytics as a research field can benefit from a theory‐informed shared language to describe sensemaking of learning and teaching data. To make the case for such shared language, first, I critically review prominent sensemaking theories to then demonstrate how studies in learning analytics do not use coherent descriptions of sensemaking, eclectically combining the paradigms that have underlying differences. I then propose a conceptualization of sensemaking that overcomes the differences between these theories and explains how the concepts of activity system, the definition of the situation and affordances can be used to capture individual differences in sensemaking. The paper concludes with a preliminary framework and examples demonstrating its utility in raising new theoretical questions, informing design principles and providing shared language for researchers in learning analytics.Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topic

Sensemaking happens when individuals try to explain unknown situations.
Learning analytics uses sensemaking as a lens to understand dashboard use.
Systematic analysis of sensemaking is essential for learning analytics.
What this paper adds

The paper notes that noticing and perceiving are commonly examined in learning analytics on dashboard use.
The paper suggests a revision of fundamental assumptions in sensemaking.
A paper proposes a toy model of sensemaking that includes operationalization of the definition of the situation, activity where sensemaking happens and processes of noticing and perceiving affordances.
Implications for practice and/or policy

Learning analytics must examine sensemaking of data about teaching and learning in a systematic manner.
Internal perceptions of the social environment and activity that are informed by the data need to be considered in evaluating dashboard use.
Longitudinal motor system changes from acute to chronic spinal cord injury
Authors: Emmenegger Tim M. , Pfyffer Dario , Curt Armin , Schading‐Sassenhausen Simon , Hupp Markus , Ashburner John , Friston Karl , Weiskopf Nikolaus , Thompson Alan , Freund Patrick 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackground and purposeIn acute spinal cord injury (SCI), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reveals tissue bridges and neurodegeneration for 2 years. This 5‐year study aims to track initial lesion changes, subsequent neurodegeneration, and their impact on recovery.MethodsThis prospective longitudinal study enrolled acute SCI patients and healthy controls who were assessed clinically—and by MRI—regularly from 3 days postinjury up to 60 months. We employed histologically cross‐validated quantitative MRI sequences sensitive to volume, myelin, and iron changes, thereby reflecting indirectly processes of neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation. General linear models tracked lesion and remote changes in volume, myelin‐ and iron‐sensitive magnetic resonance indices over 5 years. Associations between lesion, degeneration, and recovery (using the Spinal Cord Independence Measure [SCIM] questionnaire and the International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury total motor score) were assessed.ResultsPatients' motor scores improved by an average of 12.86 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 6.70–19.00) points, and SCIM by 26.08 (95% CI = 17.00–35.20) points. Within 3–28 days post‐SCI, lesion size decreased by more than two‐thirds (3 days: 302.52 ± 185.80 mm2, 28 days: 76.77 ± 88.62 mm2), revealing tissue bridges. Cervical cord and corticospinal tract volumes transiently increased in SCI patients by 5% and 3%, respectively, accompanied by cervical myelin decreases and iron increases. Over time, progressive atrophy was observed in both regions, which was linked to early lesion dynamics. Tissue bridges, reduced swelling, and myelin content decreases were predictive of long‐term motor score recovery and improved SCIM score.ConclusionsStudying acute changes and their impact on longer follow‐up provides insights into SCI trajectory, highlighting the importance of acute intervention while indicating the potential to influence outcomes in the later stages.
Should cervical radiographs be included in a pre‐purchase examination?
Authors: Dash Rupert F. , Morgan Rhiannon E. 
Published: January 2024

SummaryCervical radiographs are more frequently being acquired or requested as part of a pre‐purchase examination (PPE). Evaluating radiographs allows for detection of diseases which may prejudice the horse's suitability for its intended purpose. A thorough clinical examination is the most important element of a PPE and limits the list of possible radiographic findings to those that can be subclinical. Radiographic findings such as morphological variations of the vertebrae, osteoarthritis and osteochondral fragmentation are often present in asymptomatic horses. Furthermore, current evidence suggests that most findings present on cervical radiographs acquired at PPE are of unknown or low significance in a clinically normal horse. There is also minimal evidence of the progression of subclinical cervical radiographic abnormalities and their future impact on performance. Due to the high level of superimposition that is inherent to cervical radiographs, the reliability of interpretation of these findings is often variable. Additionally, PPE radiographs are often acquired in the ambulatory setting and the limitations of the equipment and environment can compromise their diagnostic value. Therefore, at this time, there is little evidence to support the acquisition of cervical radiographs as part of a PPE.
The optimized priming effect of FGF‐1 and FGF‐2 enhances preadipocyte lineage commitment in human adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Tarapongpun Tanakorn , Onlamoon Nattawat , Tabu Kouichi , Chuthapisith Suebwong , Taga Tetsuya 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe cell‐assisted lipotransfer technique, integrating adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs), has transformed lipofilling, enhancing fat graft viability. However, the multipotent nature of ADMSCs poses challenges. To improve safety and graft vitality and to reduce unwanted lineage differentiation, this study refines the methodology by priming ADMSCs into preadipocytes—unipotent, self‐renewing cells. We explored the impact of fibroblast growth factor‐1 (FGF‐1), fibroblast growth factor‐2 (FGF‐2), and epidermal growth factor (EGF), either alone or in combination, on primary human ADMSCs during the proliferative phase. FGF‐2 emerged as a robust stimulator of cell proliferation, preserving stemness markers, especially when combined with EGF. Conversely, FGF‐1, while not significantly affecting cell growth, influenced cell morphology, transitioning cells to a rounded shape with reduced CD34 expression. Furthermore, co‐priming with FGF‐1 and FGF‐2 enhanced adipogenic potential, limiting osteogenic and chondrogenic tendencies, and possibly promoting preadipocyte commitment. These preadipocytes exhibited unique features: rounded morphology, reduced CD34, decreased preadipocyte factor 1 (Pref‐1), and elevated C/EBPα and PPARγ, alongside sustained stemness markers (CD73, CD90, CD105). Mechanistically, FGF‐1 and FGF‐2 activated key adipogenic transcription factors—C/EBPα and PPARγ—while inhibiting GATA3 and Notch3, which are adipogenesis inhibitors. These findings hold the potential to advance innovative strategies for ADMSC‐mediated lipofilling procedures.
Novel prognostic nomogram for predicting recurrence‐free survival in medullary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Aksoy Yagiz A , Xu Bin , Viswanathan Kartik , Ahadi Mahsa S , Al Ghuzlan Abir , Alzumaili Bayan , Bani Mohamed‐Amine , Barletta Justine A , Chau Nicole , Chou Angela , Clarkson Adele , Clifton‐Bligh Roderick J , De Leo Antonio , Dogan Snjezana , Ganly Ian , Ghossein Ronald , Gild Matti L , Glover Anthony R , Hadoux Julien , Lamartina Livia , Lubin Daniel J , Magliocca Kelly , Najdawi Fedaa , Nigam Aradhya , Papachristos Alex , Repaci Andrea , Robinson Bruce G , Sheen Amy , Shi Qiuying , Sidhu Stan B , Sioson Loretta , Solaroli Erica , Sywak Mark S , Tallini Giovanni , Tsang Venessa , Turchini John , Untch Brian R , Gill Anthony J , Fuchs Talia L 
Published: January 2024

AimsRecently, there have been attempts to improve prognostication and therefore better guide treatment for patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). In 2022, the International MTC Grading System (IMTCGS) was developed and validated using a multi‐institutional cohort of 327 patients. The aim of the current study was to build upon the findings of the IMTCGS to develop and validate a prognostic nomogram to predict recurrence‐free survival (RFS) in MTC.Methods and ResultsData from 300 patients with MTC from five centres across the USA, Europe, and Australia were used to develop a prognostic nomogram that included the following variables: age, sex, AJCC stage, tumour size, mitotic count, necrosis, Ki67 index, lymphovascular invasion, microscopic extrathyroidal extension, and margin status. A process of 10‐fold cross‐validation was used to optimize the model's performance. To assess discrimination and calibration, the area‐under‐the‐curve (AUC) of a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, concordance‐index (C‐index), and dissimilarity index (D‐index) were calculated. Finally, the model was externally validated using a separate cohort of 87 MTC patients. The model demonstrated very strong performance, with an AUC of 0.94, a C‐index of 0.876, and a D‐index of 19.06. When applied to the external validation cohort, the model had an AUC of 0.9.ConclusionsUsing well‐established clinicopathological prognostic variables, we developed and externally validated a robust multivariate prediction model for RFS in patients with resected MTC. The model demonstrates excellent predictive capability and may help guide decisions on patient management. The nomogram is freely available online at https://nomograms.shinyapps.io/MTC_ML_DFS/.
Increase in venous thromboembolism in SARS‐CoV‐2 infected lung tissue: proteome analysis of lung parenchyma, isolated endothelium, and thrombi
Authors: Lopuhaä Boaz V , Guzel Coşkun , van der Lee Anabel , van den Bosch Thierry P P , van Kemenade Folkert J , Huisman Menno V , Kruip Marieke J H A , Luider Theo M , von der Thüsen Jan H 
Published: January 2024

AimsCOVID‐19 pneumonia is characterized by an increased rate of deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. To better understand the pathophysiology behind thrombosis in COVID‐19, we performed proteomics analysis on SARS‐CoV‐2 infected lung tissue.MethodsLiquid chromatography mass spectrometry was performed on SARS‐CoV‐2 infected postmortem lung tissue samples. Five protein profiling analyses were performed: whole slide lung parenchyma analysis, followed by analysis of isolated thrombi and endothelium, both stratified by disease (COVID‐19 versus influenza) and thrombus morphology (embolism versus in situ). Influenza autopsy cases with pulmonary thrombi were used as controls.ResultsCompared to influenza controls, both analyses of COVID‐19 whole‐tissue and isolated endothelium showed upregulation of proteins and pathways related to liver metabolism including urea cycle activation, with arginase being among the top upregulated proteins in COVID‐19 lung tissue. Analysis of isolated COVID‐19 thrombi showed significant downregulation of pathways related to platelet activation compared to influenza thrombi. Analysis of isolated thrombi based on histomorphology shows that in situ thrombi have significant upregulation of coronavirus pathogenesis proteins.ConclusionsThe decrease in platelet activation pathways in severe COVID‐19 thrombi suggests a relative increase in venous thromboembolism, as thrombi from venous origin tend to contain fewer platelets than arterial thrombi. Based on histomorphology, in situ thrombi show upregulation of various proteins related to SARS‐CoV‐2 pathogenesis compared to thromboemboli, which may indicate increased in situ pulmonary thrombosis in COVID‐19. Therefore, this study supports the increase of venous thromboembolism without undercutting the involvement of in situ thrombosis in severe COVID‐19.
Histological chorioamnionitis and pathological stages on very preterm infant outcomes
Authors: Duan Jiajia , Xu Falin , Zhu Chaoya , Wang Ju , Zhang Xiaoli , Xu Yiran , Li Bingbing , Peng Xirui , Zhu Jinjin , Wang Xiaoyang , Zhu Changlian 
Published: January 2024

AimsHistological chorioamnionitis (HCA) is a condition linked to preterm birth and neonatal infection and its relationship with various pathological stages in extremely preterm neonates, and with their associated short‐ and long‐term consequences, remains a subject of research. This study investigated the connection between different pathological stages of HCA and both short‐term complications and long‐term outcomes in preterm infants born at or before 32 weeks of gestational age.MethodsPreterm infants born at ≤ 32 weeks of gestation who underwent placental pathology evaluation and were followed‐up at 18–24 months of corrected age were included. Neonates were classified based on their exposure to HCA and were further subdivided into different groups according to maternal inflammatory responses (MIR) and fetal inflammatory responses (FIR) stages. We compared short‐term complications during their hospital stay between the HCA‐exposed and ‐unexposed groups and examined the influence of HCA stages on long‐term outcomes.ResultsThe HCA group exhibited distinct characteristics such as higher rates of premature rupture of membranes > 18 h, reduced amniotic fluid, early‐onset sepsis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia and intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) grades III–IV (P < 0.05). The moderate–severe HCA group displayed lower gestational age, lower birth weight and higher incidence of IVH (grades III–IV) and preterm sepsis compared with the mild HCA group (P < 0.05). After adjusting for confounders, the MIR stages 2–3 group showed associations with cognitive impairment and cerebral palsy (P < 0.05), and the FIR stages 2–3 group also showed poor long‐term outcomes and cognitive impairment (P < 0.05).ConclusionsModerate–severe HCA was associated with increased early‐onset sepsis, severe IVH and poor long‐term outcomes, including cognitive impairment and cerebral palsy. Vigilant prevention strategies are warranted for severe HCA cases in order to mitigate poorer clinical outcomes.
Utility of combining OLIG2 and SOX10 IHC expression in CNS tumours: promising biomarkers for subtyping paediatric‐ and adult‐type gliomas
Authors: Aboubakr Oumaima , Métais Alice , Maillard Julien , Hasty Lauren , Brigot Enola , Berthaud Charlotte , Lacombe Joelle , Pucelle Noémie , Raynal Jade , Appay Romain , Varlet Pascale , Tauziède‐Espariat Arnault 
Published: January 2024

AimsThe SOX10 transcription factor is important for the maturation of oligodendrocytes involved in central nervous system (CNS) myelination. Currently, very little information exists about its expression and potential use in CNS tumour diagnoses. The aim of our study was to characterize the expression of SOX10 in a large cohort of CNS tumours and to evaluate its potential use as a biomarker.MethodsWe performed immunohistochemistry (IHC) for SOX10 and OLIG2 in a series of 683 cases of adult‐ and paediatric‐type CNS tumours from different subtypes. The nuclear immunostaining results for SOX10 and OLIG2 were scored as positive (≥10% positive tumour cells) or negative.ResultsOLIG2 and SOX10 were positive in diffuse midline gliomas (DMG), H3‐mutant, and EZHIP‐overexpressed. However, in all DMG, EGFR‐mutant, SOX10 was constantly negative. In diffuse paediatric‐type high‐grade gliomas (HGG), all RTK1 cases were positive for both OLIG2 and SOX10. RTK2 cases were all negative for both OLIG2 and SOX10. MYCN cases variably expressed OLIG2 and were all immunonegative for SOX10. In glioblastoma, IDH‐wildtype, OLIG2 was mostly positive, but SOX10 was variably expressed, depending on the epigenetic subtype. All circumscribed astrocytic gliomas were positive for both OLIG2 and SOX10 except pleomorphic xanthoastrocytomas, astroblastomas, MN1‐altered, and subependymal giant cell astrocytomas. SOX10 was negative in ependymomas, meningiomas, pinealoblastomas, choroid plexus tumours, intracranial Ewing sarcomas, and embryonal tumours except neuroblastoma, FOXR2‐activated.ConclusionTo conclude, SOX10 can be incorporated into the IHC panel routinely used by neuropathologists in the diagnostic algorithm of embryonal tumours and for the subtyping of paediatric and adult‐type HGG.
The effect of citric acid concentrations on the mechanical, thermal, and structural properties of starch edible films
Authors: Chi Yuan , Maitland Evita , Pascall Melvin A. 
Published: January 2024

SummaryThis study investigated the effects of citric acid on the properties of edible tapioca starch films plasticised with glycerol. These films were formed using 5% tapioca (w/w of water); 1%, 3%, 5%, 7% and 9% citric acid (w/w of starch); and 2.2% glycerol (w/w of water). Native starch films formed using 5% tapioca and 2.2% glycerol were used as the control. The properties tested included the degree of crosslinking, thermal stability, crystallinity and mechanical properties. These were evaluated using Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR‐FTIR), X‐Ray diffraction (XRD), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and tensile profile analysis (TPA). The FTIR results provided information about the nature of the crosslinking in the films, while TGA showed that increasing the citric acid concentration reduced the physical decomposition temperature of the materials. Films containing 9% citric acid had the highest degree of esterification and crosslinking, while those containing 7% citric acid had the lowest heat‐related weight loss that correlated with the degree of crosslinking. The weight loss among all six samples was the greatest in the temperature range 260 °C–350 °C where a total of 60% weight loss occurred. The XRD results showed that films containing 3% citric acid had the lowest crystallinity while the native starch films had the highest crystallinity. The TPA analyses showed that films containing 5% citric acid had the greatest influence on improving the tensile strength and elastic modulus, while also having the best impact on lowering the elongation. Tensile strength values recorded for films containing 0%, 1%, 3%, 5%, 7% and 9% citric acid were 5.327, 7.813, 8.688, 12.855, 14.549 and 11.614 MPa. Similarly, when citric acid concentration increased from 3% to 5%, the elastic modulus significantly increased from 831.058 to 2255.691 MPa. This study demonstrated that the physicochemical properties of tapioca starch‐based films could be modified by the incorporation of citric acid.