bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Guide RNA scaffold variants enabled easy cloning of large gRNA cluster for multiplexed gene editing
Authors: Wang Yaqi , Li Xiaofei , Liu Minglei , Zhou Yingjia , Li Feng 
Published: October 2023

SummaryCas9 protein‐mediated gene editing has revolutionized genetic manipulation in most organisms. There are many cases where multiplexed gene editing is needed. Cas9 is capable of multiplex gene editing when expressed with multiple guide RNAs. Conventional cloning methods for multiplexed gene editing vector is not efficient due to repeated use of a single‐guide RNA scaffold and inefficient ligation. In this study, we conducted structure‐guided mutagenesis and random mutagenesis on the original sgRNA scaffold and identified a large number of functional sgRNA scaffold variants. With these scaffold variants and different tRNAs, fusion polymerase chain reaction protocol was developed to rapidly synthesize spacer‐scaffold‐tRNA‐spacer units with up to 9 targets. In conjunction with golden gate cloning, gene editing vectors with up to 24 target sites were efficiently cloned in one‐step cloning. One such gene editing vector targeting 12 genes in tomato were tested in stable transformation and 10 out of the 12 genes were found mutated in a single transgenic line. To facilitate the application of multiplexed gene editing using these scaffold variants and tRNAs from different species, a webserver was created to generate primer sets and provide template sequences for the synthesis of large sgRNA expression units based on the user‐supplied target sequences and species.
Photobiomodulation therapy enhances neural differentiation of dental pulp stem cells via ERK1/2 signaling pathway
Authors: Zhang Xinran , Li Haotian , Tang Lu , Zhu Biao , Yang Wenwen , Li Miao , Zhao Ying 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPhotobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) is the application of a low‐level laser device to generate physiological changes and provide therapeutic effects. Till now, the effects of PBMT on the neural differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells have been rarely reported. Herein, the potential effect and mechanism of PBMT on the neural differentiation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) were preliminarily investigated in our research. The optimal dose of 3.75 J/cm2 was first screened for use in the following neural‐inducing studies. Then, DPSCs were cultured in neural induction medium and treated with laser irradiation for 7 days. From the results of morphology and immunofluorescence, we found that irradiation promoted the formation of neural stem cell‐like spheroids derived from DPSCs and enhanced potential neural differentiation. Furthermore, neural differentiation gene expressions of Nestin, microtubule‐associated protein‐2, and neural cell adhesion molecule were increased after PBMT irradiation. The protein expressions of class III β‐tubulin and neurogenic differentiation factor 1 were also improved. Meanwhile, the involvement of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK1/2) was investigated by western blot. Our study showed that the neural differentiation of DPSCs was promoted by PBMT, and the underlying mechanism in this process was associated with activating the ERK1/2 signaling pathway.
A single photodynamic priming protocol augments delivery of ⍺‐PD‐L1 mAbs and induces immunogenic cell death in head and neck tumors
Authors: Bhandari Chanda , Moffat Azophi , Fakhry John , Malkoochi Ashritha , Nguyen Austin , Trinh Brian , Hoyt Kenneth , Story Michael D. , Hasan Tayyaba , Obaid Girgis 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPhotodynamic priming (PDP) leverages the photobiological effects of subtherapeutic photodynamic therapy (PDT) regimens to modulate the tumor vasculature and stroma. PDP also sensitizes tumors to secondary therapies, such as immunotherapy by inducing a cascade of molecular events, including immunogenic cell death (ICD). We and others have shown that PDP improves the delivery of antibodies, among other theranostic agents. However, it is not known whether a single PDP protocol is capable of both inducing ICD in vivo and augmenting the delivery of immune checkpoint inhibitors. In this rapid communication, we show for the first time that a single PDP protocol using liposomal benzoporphyrin derivative (Lipo‐BPD, 0.25 mg/kg) with 690 nm light (75 J/cm2, 100 mW/cm2) simultaneously doubles the delivery of ⍺‐PD‐L1 antibodies in murine AT‐84 head and neck tumors and induces ICD in vivo. ICD was observed as a 3–11 fold increase in tumor cell exposure of damage‐associated molecular patterns (Calreticulin, HMGB1, and HSP70). These findings suggest that this single, highly translatable PDP protocol using clinically relevant Lipo‐BPD holds potential for improving immunotherapy outcomes in head and neck cancer. It can do so by simultaneously overcoming physical barriers to the delivery of immune checkpoint inhibitors, and biochemical barriers that contribute to immunosuppression.
Sophora tonkinensis: response and adaptation of physiological characteristics, functional traits, and secondary metabolites to drought stress
Authors: Liang Y. , Wei F. , Qin S. , Li M. , Hu Y. , Lin Y. , Wei G. , Wei K. , Miao J. , Zhang Z. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The medicinal plant Sophora tonkinensis is a characteristic Chinese shrub of karst areas. The arid climate in karst areas produces high‐quality S. tonkinensis; however, the mechanisms of drought tolerance are not clear, which restricts sustainable plantings of S. tonkinensis.
This study involved a 20‐day drought stress experiment with potted S. tonkinensis and threee soil water regimes: control (CK), mild drought (MDT), and severe drought (SDT). Plant morphology, biomass, physiological indicators, alkaloid content, and other changes under drought stress were monitored.
The content of soluble sugars and proteins, and activity of antioxidant enzymes in leaves and roots were higher under drought than CK, indicating that S. tonkinensis is tolerant to osmotic stress in early drought stages. Content of matrine and oxymatrine increased gradually with increasing drought duration in the short term. The epidermis of S. tonkinensis leaves have characteristics of desert plants, including upper epidermal waxy layer, lower epidermal villi, and relatively sunken stomata, suggesting that S. tonkinensis has strong drought tolerance.
In conclusion, drought stress changed the cell structure of S. tonkinensis, induced antioxidant enzyme activity and increased its resistance to drought.
Fire seasonality plays a limited role in the reproduction ofAnacardium humileA. St.‐Hil. in a tropical savanna
Authors: de Souza D. G. , Ramalho W. P. , de Arruda F. V. , Camarota F. , da Cunha H. F. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAnthropogenic fires are an increasing threat to tropical savannas and their plant populations. In the Brazilian Cerrado, human‐made fires at the end of the dry season are replacing natural fires at the beginning of the dry season. Critically, these late burns occur under more intense climate variables. Here, we aimed to understand the potential role of fire seasonality on individuals ofAnacardium humile, a widespread Cerrado species of cultural and economic importance.We conducted two prescribed burnings, one at the beginning of the dry season (early burning) and one at the end of the dry season (late burning) when climate variables were remarkably different. We assessed the reproductive responses ofA. humileindividuals over 4 years and compared individuals from the fire treatments with those from an unburned area (control).The reproductive phenology ofA. humilevaried over time and was influenced by climate variables. The seasons of different burning had similar impacts on the reproductive phenology ofA. humile, and this impact lasted for at least 4 years. WhileA. humilepopulations do not depend on fire for reproduction, they produced more flowers and fruits for up to 2 years with the fire treatments.We provide empirical evidence of the role of climate variables on the phenology ofA. humileand demonstrate the importance of considering the role of time after fire events. The similar responses ofA. humileto fire seasonality show that Cerrado fire management can be more complex than previously thought.
3D printing for bone regeneration: challenges and opportunities for achieving predictability
Authors: Ivanovski Saso , Breik Omar , Carluccio Danilo , Alayan Jamil , Staples Ruben , Vaquette Cedryck 
Published: October 2023

Abstract3D printing offers attractive opportunities for large‐volume bone regeneration in the oro‐dental and craniofacial regions. This is enabled by the development of CAD‐CAM technologies that support the design and manufacturing of anatomically accurate meshes and scaffolds. This review describes the main 3D‐printing technologies utilized for the fabrication of these patient‐matched devices, and reports on their pre‐clinical and clinical performance including the occurrence of complications for vertical bone augmentation and craniofacial applications. Furthermore, the regulatory pathway for approval of these devices is discussed, highlighting the main hurdles and obstacles. Finally, the review elaborates on a variety of strategies for increasing bone regeneration capacity and explores the future of 4D bioprinting and biodegradable metal 3D printing.
Event‐related alpha power in early stage of facial expression processing in social anxiety: Influence of language context
Authors: Song Sutao , Liu Aixin , Gao Zeyuan , Tian Xiaodong , Zhu Lingkai , Shang Haiqing , Gao Shihao , Zhang Mingxian , Zhao Shimeng , Xiao Guanlai , Zheng Yuanjie , Ge Ruiyang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAccurate interpretation of the emotional information conveyed by others' facial expressions is crucial for social interactions. Event‐related alpha power, measured by time‐frequency analysis, is a frequently used EEG index of emotional information processing. However, it is still unclear how event‐related alpha power varies in emotional information processing in social anxiety groups. In the present study, we recorded event‐related potentials (ERPs) while participants from the social anxiety and healthy control groups viewed facial expressions (angry, happy, neutral) preceded by contextual sentences conveying either a positive or negative evaluation of the subject. The impact of context on facial expression processing in both groups of participants was explored by assessing behavioral ratings and event‐related alpha power (0–200 ms after expression presentation). In comparison to the healthy control group, the social anxiety group exhibited significantly lower occipital alpha power in response to angry facial expressions in negative contexts and neutral facial expressions in positive contexts. The influence of language context on facial expression processing in individuals with social anxiety may occur at an early stage of processing.
The role of monocausal versus multicausal explanations of suicide in suicide reporting: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Till Benedikt , Arendt Florian , Kirchner Stefanie , Naderer Brigitte , Niederkrotenthaler Thomas 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundMedia guidelines for reporting on suicide recommend that journalists should avoid monocausal explanations of suicide, but it is unclear if media items with monocausal explanations elicit different effects as compared to multicausal portrayals.MethodUsing a web‐based randomized controlled trial (n = 969), we tested five versions of a news article about the suicide of a teenage girl with varying portrayals of reasons for the suicide: (1) bullying as the sole (external) factor (i.e., monocausal), (2) several external social factors, (3) a combination of internal and external factors, (4) a combination of internal and external factors along with a focus on suicide prevention, or (5) no reason for the suicide (control group). We measured perceptions about the cause of suicide, attitudes toward suicide and suicide prevention, and identification with the suicidal protagonist with questionnaires.ResultsReaders of articles that portrayed suicide as being caused by one specific reason or exclusively social factors tended to adopt these misconceptions. Identification with the suicidal protagonist did not vary between interventions groups, but was lower in the control group.ConclusionHighlighting the multifactorial etiology of suicide in news articles may help to avoid the misconception that suicide is a monocausal issue.
Effects of 3‐month Qigong exercise on heart rate variability and respiration in anxious college students
Authors: Sun Jingyu , Zhuo Jiatong , Chu Hang , Wang Jing , Chen Tao , Li Bin , Lu Tianfeng , Zheng Hao , Xu Yaning , Dong Jingmei , Cicchella Antonio 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis longitudinal study aimed to investigate the effects of Qigong on the anxiety state, heart rate variability (HRV), and breathing of anxious college students.MethodsA total of 37 individuals (18–25 years old) were randomly allocated to the control (n = 19) and intervention (n = 18) groups. Qigong interventions were conducted five times weekly for 12 weeks, with each session lasting 60 min. Hamilton Anxiety Scale, Fatigue Scale 14, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and 36‐item Short Form Survey, HRV, and respiration data were collected before and after the 3‐month intervention.ResultsIndividuals who participated in the three‐month Qigong exercise intervention showed a significant reduction in anxiety, particularly mental anxiety (p < 0.05). Subjects in the intervention group presented a decrease in skin temperature (p < 0.05) and an increase in blood volume pulsation (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, HRV exhibited a significant increase in the standard deviation of interbeat interval before and after comparisons (p < 0.05) and between the two groups (p = 0.039) and a reduction in the normalized low‐frequency power after the intervention. Moreover, the intervention group experienced increased abdominal breathing depth and abdominal breathing per minute (p < 0.05).ConclusionThese findings indicate that Qigong is an effective mind–body exercise strategy for relieving anxiety. HRV and breathing were improved accordingly among college students after the completion of the 3‐month Qigong program.
Episodic Late Cretaceous to Neogene crustal thickness variation in southern Tibet
Authors: Sundell Kurt E. , Laskowski Andrew K. , Howlett Caden , Kapp Paul , Ducea Mihai , Chapman James B. , Ding Lin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRecent advancements in quantitatively estimating the thickness of Earth's crust in the geologic past provide an opportunity to test hypotheses explaining the tectonic evolution of southern Tibet. Outstanding debate on southern Tibet's Cenozoic geological evolution is complicated by poorly understood Mesozoic tectonics. We present new U‐Pb geochronology and trace element chemistry of detrital zircon from modern rivers draining the Gangdese Mountains in southern Tibet. Results are similar to recently published quantitative estimates of crustal thickness derived from intermediate‐composition whole rock records and show ~30 km of crustal thinning from 90 to 70 Ma followed by thickening to near‐modern values from 70 to 40 Ma. These results extend evidence of Late Cretaceous north–south extension along strike to the west by ~200 km, and support a tectonic model in which an east–west striking back‐arc basin formed along Eurasia's southern margin during slab rollback, prior to terminal collision of India with Eurasia.
B. subtilisCNBG‐PGPR‐1 induces methionine to regulate ethylene pathway and ROS scavenging for improving salt tolerance of tomato
Authors: Feng Liuchun , Li Qi , Zhou Dongqin , Jia Mingyun , Liu Zhuangzhuang , Hou Zhaoqi , Ren Quanjin , Ji Shengdong , Sang Shifei , Lu Shipeng , Yu Jinping 
Published: October 2023

SUMMARYSoil salinity severely threatens plant growth and crop yields. The utilization of PGPR is an effective strategy for enhancing plant salt tolerance, but the mechanisms involved in this process have rarely been reported. In this study, we investigated the effects of Bacillus subtilis CNBG‐PGPR‐1 on improving plant salt tolerance and elucidated the molecular pathways involved. The results showed that CNBG‐PGPR‐1 significantly improved the cellular homeostasis and photosynthetic efficiency of leaves and reduced ion toxicity and osmotic stress caused by salt in tomato. Transcriptome analysis uncovered that CNBG‐PGPR‐1 enhanced plant salt tolerance through the activation of complex molecular pathways, with plant hormone signal transduction playing an important role. Comparative analysis and pharmacological experiments confirmed that the ethylene pathway was closely related to the beneficial effect of CNBG‐PGPR‐1 on improving plant salt tolerance. Furthermore, we found that methionine, a precursor of ethylene synthesis, significantly accumulated in response to CNBG‐PGPR‐1 in tomato. Exogenous L‐methionine largely mimicked the beneficial effects of CNBG‐PGPR‐1 and activated the expression of ethylene pathway‐related genes, indicating CNBG‐PGPR‐1 induces methionine accumulation to regulate the ethylene pathway in tomato. Finally, CNBG‐PGPR‐1 reduced salt‐induced ROS by activating ROS scavenger‐encoding genes, mainly involved in GSH metabolism and POD‐related genes, which were also closely linked to methionine metabolism. Overall, our studies demonstrate that CNBG‐PGPR‐1‐induced methionine is a key regulator in enhancing plant salt tolerance through the ethylene pathway and ROS scavenging, providing a novel understanding of the mechanism by which beneficial microbes improve plant salt tolerance.
Safety and protection of plasma donors: A scoping review and evidence gap map
Authors: Schroyens Natalie , D'aes Tine , De Buck Emmy , Mikkelsen Susan , Tiberghien Pierre , van den Hurk Katja , Erikstrup Christian , Compernolle Veerle , Van Remoortel Hans 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesAs part of a large‐scale project to safely increase plasma collection in Europe, the current scoping review identifies the existing evidence (gaps) on adverse events (AEs) and other health effects in plasmapheresis donors, as well as factors that may be associated with such events/effects.Materials and MethodsWe searched six databases and three registries. Study characteristics (publication type, language, study design, population, outcomes, associated factors, time of assessment, duration of follow‐up, number and frequency of donations, convalescent plasma [y/n], setting and location) were synthesized narratively and in an interactive evidence gap map (EGM).ResultsNinety‐four research articles and five registrations were identified. Around 90% were observational studies (57 controlled and 33 uncontrolled), and most of them were performed in Europe (55%) or the United States (20%). Factors studied in association with donor health included donor characteristics (e.g., sex, age) (n = 27), cumulative number of donations (n = 21), donation frequency (n = 11), plasma collection device or programme (n = 11), donor status (first time vs. repeat) (n = 10), donation volume per session (n = 8), time in donation programme (n = 3), preventive measures (n = 2) or other (n = 9).ConclusionThe current scoping review provides an accessible tool for researchers and policymakers to identify the available evidence (gaps) concerning plasmapheresis donation safety. Controlled prospective studies with long‐term donor follow‐up are scarce. Furthermore, additional experimental studies comparing the health effects of different donation frequencies are required to inform a safe upper limit for donation frequency.
Progress in copper‐based materials for wound healing
Authors: Diao Wuliang , Li Peiting , Jiang Xilin , Zhou Jianda , Yang Songbo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractChronic wounds have become the leading cause of death, particularly among diabetic patients. Chronic wounds affect ~6.5 million patients each year, according to statistics, and wound care and management incur significant financial costs. The rising prevalence of chronic wounds, combined with the limitations of current treatments, necessitates the development of new and innovative approaches to accelerate wound healing. Copper has been extensively studied for its antibacterial and anti‐inflammatory activities. Copper in its nanoparticle form could have better biological properties and many applications in health care.
A Deep Convolutional Neural Network-Based Method for Self-Piercing Rivet Joint Defect Detection
Authors: Zhao Lun , Lin Sen , Pan YunLong , Wang HaiBo , Abbas Zeshan , Guo ZiXin , Huo XiaoLe , Wang Sen 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The self-pierce riveting process for alloy materials has a wide range of applications in the automotive manufacturing industry. This will not only affect the operation performance but also cause accidents in severe cases when there are defects in the riveted parts. A deep learning detection model is proposed that integrates atrous convolution and dynamic convolution to identify defects of self-piercing riveting parts efficiently to overcome the problem in quality inspection after the body self-piercing riveting process. First, a backbone network for extracting riveting defect features is constructed based on the ResNet network. Second, the center area of each riveting defect is located preferentially by the center point detection algorithm. Finally, the bounding box of riveting defects is regressed to achieve defect detection based on this central region. Among them, atrous convolution is used in the external network to increase the receptive field of the model, which combined with an active convolution so that a dynamic atrous convolution module is designed. This module is used to enhance the correlation between feature points of individual pixel in the image, which helps to identify defects with incomplete image edges and suppress background interference. Ablation experiments show that the proposed method achieves the highest accuracy of 96.3%, which is 3.9% higher than the original method. It is found that the proposed method is less affected by the background interference from the qualitative comparison. Moreover, it can also effectively identify the riveting defects on the surface of each area.