bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Problem oder Chance
Authors: Kirchhoff Tobias 
Published: January 2024

AbstractFür Chemieunternehmen, die einzelne Chemikerin und den einzelnen Chemiker verändert sich im Nachhaltigkeitsbereich viel, darunter neue Berichtspflichten und Chemikalienverordnungen. Wer sich früh damit beschäftigt, kann wachsen. Sonst gehen Kunden und Anschluss verloren.
Design method of variable slippage coefficient non‐geodesic filament‐wound composite pressure vessels
Authors: Wang Yutao , Xu Haojie , Song Hao , Li Kangmei , Hu Jun 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPrevious studies on the design methods of filament winding paths for composite pressure vessels have mainly focused on geodesic and constant slippage coefficient non‐geodesic patterns, neglecting the design of variable slippage coefficients along the fiber path. In this paper, a design method of variable slippage coefficient non‐geodesic filament wound composite pressure vessels is proposed. The study begins by establishing a meridian rotation mapping model and deriving fiber path equations on the shell surface. Subsequently, the fiber paths, curvature characteristics, slippage coefficients, and shell stress responses of the shell under variable geometrical parameters are simulated and analyzed. Next, the winding parameters are optimized while considering bandwidth and stable winding constraints. The optimal winding parameters are determined, and filament winding simulations are conducted on composite pressure vessels. Results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method for variable slippage coefficient fiber path winding mode, providing a new and effective filament winding path design approach for composite pressure vessels.Highlights
Establishment of meridian rotation mapping model and simulation of shell fiber paths under variable geometric parameters.
The fiber paths, curvature characteristics, slippage coefficients, and winding angles of the shell under variable geometrical parameters are simulated and analyzed.
Stress response analysis of shells based on Tsai‐Wu failure criterion and classical lamination theory stress field dimensionless modeling.
Construction of winding parameter optimization strategies and bandwidth error evaluation based on stable winding and fiber bandwidth constraints.
Simulation of variable slippage coefficient non‐geodesic filament winding for composite pressure vessels with different parameters.
Provider moral distress in caring for tracheostomy and ventilator dependent children: A single institution cross‐sectional evaluation
Authors: Redmann Andrew J. , Hart Catherine K. , Smith Matthew M. , Martin Carrie , Borschuk Adrienne P. , Cortezzo DonnaMaria E. , Benscoter Dan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo determine levels of moral distress in a pediatric unit caring for patients with tracheostomy/ventilator dependence.HypothesisMoral distress will be significant in a dedicated pediatric trach/vent unit.MethodsThe Moral Distress Survey‐Revised (MDS‐R) is a 21‐question survey measuring moral distress in pediatrics. The MDS‐R was anonymously distributed to medical degree/doctor of osteopathy (MD/DOs), advanced practice practitioners (APPs), registered nurses (RNs), and respiratory therapists (RTs) in a unit caring for tracheostomy/ventilator dependent patients. Descriptive statistics, bivariate and multivariate analysis were performed.ResultsResponse rate was 48% (61/127). Mean MDS‐R score was 83 (range 43–119), which is comparable to reported levels in the pediatric intensive care unit (ICU). APPs had the highest median rate of moral distress (112, interquartile range [IQR], 72–138), while MD/DOs had the lowest median score (49, IQR, 43–77). RNs and RTs had MDS‐R scores between these two groups (medians of 91 and 84, respectively).ConclusionsMoral distress levels in a unit caring for long term tracheostomy and ventilator dependent patients are high, comparable to levels in pediatric ICUs. APPs. APPs had higher levels of distress compared to other groups. This may be attributable to the constant stressors of being the primary provider for complex patients, especially in a high‐volume inpatient setting.
One‐step Sintering Synthesis of Ni3Se2‐Ni Electrode with Robust Interfacial Bonding for Ultra‐stable Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Zhao Yang , Cui Manman , Zhang Bin , Wei Shizhong , Shi Xiaoqian , Shan Kangning , Ma Jiping , Zhou Guangmin , Pang Huan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractExploring efficient and robust self‐supporting hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrodes using simple, accessible, and low‐cost synthetic processes is crucial for the commercial application of water electrolysis at high current densities. Ni‐based self‐supporting electrodes are widely studied owing to their low cost and good catalytic performance. However, to date, the preparation of Ni‐based electrodes requires multistep and complex preparation processes. In this study, a novel one‐step in situ sintering method to synthesize mechanically stable and highly active Ni3Se2‐Ni electrodes with well‐controlled morphologies and structures is developed. Their excellent performance and durability can be attributed to the numerous highly active nano‐Ni3Se2 catalysts embedded on the surface of the Ni skeleton, the excellent conductivity of the interconnected conductive network, and the strong interfacial bonding between Ni3Se2 and Ni. As a result, the Ni3Se2‐Ni600 electrode can operate stably at 85 and 400 mA cm−2 for more than 800 and 300 h, respectively. Moreover, the Ni3Se2‐Ni600 electrode displays outstanding stability for over 500 h in a commercial two‐electrode system. This study provides a feasible one‐step synthesis method for low‐cost, high‐efficiency metal selenide‐metal self‐supporting electrodes for water electrolysis.
Secrecy, War, and Communication: Challenges and Strategies of the General-Government of the State of Brazil in the Second Half of the Seventeenth Century
Authors: Araújo Hugo André Flores Fernandes 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis chapter aims to identify the consequences of seizing correspondence at sea and the subsequent revealing of state secrets in seventeenth-century Brazil. The wars of the colonial empires of the early modern era highlight the centrality of overseas territories in these disputes. The conflict against the Dutch West India Company in the South Atlantic (1630–1654) demonstrates how the Portuguese had to deal with problems arising from the invasion and the constant attack on navigation routes, which affected communication and commerce. The present analysis uses a set of sources: correspondence issued by Governors-general, orders, regiments, instructions, ciphered letters, and printed leaflets. The study of the Portuguese policies of secrecy allows us to understand the role strategies employed to secure privacy and secrecy by Portuguese authorities. This chapter also proposes that the sea enabled and challenged notions of privacy at the state level, evidentiating how colonial disputes in this in-between space demanded secrecy.
Research Setting and Design
Authors: Al-Kuwari Shaikha H. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis chapter is dedicated to the research setting, which is Dearborn, MI. It explains why Dearborn is an ideal place to build the Arab American cultural model of diabetes. This chapter will take the reader on a journey that will make them experience life in Dearborn and how it looks from the people there to its streets and houses. This chapter argues that Dearborn is not like any other place in the Middle East; it is a unique city, where a combination of Middle Eastern countries is represented in the same place. In addition, this chapter discusses the data collection process and how the Arab American cultural beliefs model of diabetes was built. It includes two stages of data collection, where the data were collected in the first stage using participant observations as well as semi-structured and structured interviews and a cultural consensus survey was used in the second stage. The chapter also includes details related to the sampling techniques and data analysis tools.
Arab Americans’ Cultural Beliefs of Diabetes
Authors: Al-Kuwari Shaikha H. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis chapter discusses the results from the participant observation and semi-structured and structured interviews. It outlines the first stage of building the cultural beliefs model of diabetes. This chapter answers the following questions from the Arab American point of view: (a) What are the causes of diabetes; (b) what are the symptoms of diabetes; and (c) what are the treatments of diabetes? In addition, this chapter will include issues related to who is susceptible to diabetes? the fear of having diabetes, the severity of diabetes, the experience of fasting in Ramadan with diabetes, the role of family in providing care, diabetes health-seeking behaviors, and diabetes healthcare access.
What is Next?
Authors: Al-Kuwari Shaikha H. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe chapter discusses the possible real application of the Arab American cultural beliefs model of diabetes and how medical professionals can use it to gain a better understanding of patients’ cultural knowledge. This chapter argues that the current culturally competent healthcare services provided in hospitals—if any—have missing links. Using cultural beliefs models of illness built using cultural consensus models as part of cultural competence techniques can enhance medical professionals’ understanding of their patients’ cultures.
The factor structure of exchange rates volatility: global and intermittent factors
Authors: Caporin Massimiliano , Rodríguez-Caballero C. Vladimir , Ruiz Esther 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we consider a fractionally integrated multi-level dynamic factor model (FI-ML-DFM) to represent commonalities in the hourly evolution of realized volatilities of several international exchange rates. The FI-ML-DFM assumes common global factors active during the 24 h of the day, accompanied by intermittent factors, which are active at mutually exclusive times. We propose determining the number of global factors using a distance among the intermittent loadings. We show that although the bulk of common dynamics of exchange rates realized volatilities can be attributed to global factors, there are non-negligible effects of intermittent factors. The effect of the COVID-19 on the realized volatility comovements is stronger on the first global-in-time factor, which shows a permanent increase in the level. The effects on the second global factor and on the intermittent factors active when the EU, UK and US markets are operating are transitory lasting for approximately a year after the pandemic starts. Finally, there seems to be no effect of the pandemic neither on the third global factor nor on the intermittent factor active when the markets in Asia are operating.
How subjective CT image quality assessment becomes surprisingly reliable: pairwise comparisons instead of Likert scale
Authors: Hoeijmakers Eva J. I. , Martens Bibi , Hendriks Babs M. F. , Mihl Casper , Miclea Razvan L. , Backes Walter H. , Wildberger Joachim E. , Zijta Frank M. , Gietema Hester A. , Nelemans Patricia J. , Jeukens Cécile R. L. P. N. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Objectives
The aim of this study is to improve the reliability of subjective IQ assessment using a pairwise comparison (PC) method instead of a Likert scale method in abdominal CT scans.

Methods
Abdominal CT scans (single-center) were retrospectively selected between September 2019 and February 2020 in a prior study. Sample variance in IQ was obtained by adding artificial noise using dedicated reconstruction software, including reconstructions with filtered backprojection and varying iterative reconstruction strengths. Two datasets (each n = 50) were composed with either higher or lower IQ variation with the 25 original scans being part of both datasets. Using in-house developed software, six observers (five radiologists, one resident) rated both datasets via both the PC method (forcing observers to choose preferred scans out of pairs of scans resulting in a ranking) and a 5-point Likert scale. The PC method was optimized using a sorting algorithm to minimize necessary comparisons. The inter- and intraobserver agreements were assessed for both methods with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).

Results
Twenty-five patients (mean age 61 years ± 15.5; 56% men) were evaluated. The ICC for interobserver agreement for the high-variation dataset increased from 0.665 (95%CI 0.396–0.814) to 0.785 (95%CI 0.676–0.867) when the PC method was used instead of a Likert scale. For the low-variation dataset, the ICC increased from 0.276 (95%CI 0.034–0.500) to 0.562 (95%CI 0.337–0.729). Intraobserver agreement increased for four out of six observers.

Conclusion
The PC method is more reliable for subjective IQ assessment indicated by improved inter- and intraobserver agreement.

Clinical relevance statement
This study shows that the pairwise comparison method is a more reliable method for subjective image quality assessment. Improved reliability is of key importance for optimization studies, validation of automatic image quality assessment algorithms, and training of AI algorithms.

Key Points
• Subjective assessment of diagnostic image quality via Likert scale has limited reliability.
• A pairwise comparison method improves the inter- and intraobserver agreement.
• The pairwise comparison method is more reliable for CT optimization studies.

Graphical Abstract
Reader bias in breast cancer screening related to cancer prevalence and artificial intelligence decision support—a reader study
Authors: Al-Bazzaz Hanen , Janicijevic Marina , Strand Fredrik 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Objectives
The aim of our study was to examine how breast radiologists would be affected by high cancer prevalence and the use of artificial intelligence (AI) for decision support.

Materials and method
This reader study was based on selection of screening mammograms, including the original radiologist assessment, acquired in 2010 to 2013 at the Karolinska University Hospital, with a ratio of 1:1 cancer versus healthy based on a 2-year follow-up. A commercial AI system generated an exam-level positive or negative read, and image markers. Double-reading and consensus discussions were first performed without AI and later with AI, with a 6-week wash-out period in between. The chi-squared test was used to test for differences in contingency tables.

Results
Mammograms of 758 women were included, half with cancer and half healthy. 52% were 40–55 years; 48% were 56–75 years. In the original non-enriched screening setting, the sensitivity was 61% (232/379) at specificity 98% (323/379). In the reader study, the sensitivity without and with AI was 81% (307/379) and 75% (284/379) respectively (p < 0.001). The specificity without and with AI was 67% (255/379) and 86% (326/379) respectively (p < 0.001). The tendency to change assessment from positive to negative based on erroneous AI information differed between readers and was affected by type and number of image signs of malignancy.

Conclusion
Breast radiologists reading a list with high cancer prevalence performed at considerably higher sensitivity and lower specificity than the original screen-readers. Adding AI information, calibrated to a screening setting, decreased sensitivity and increased specificity.

Clinical relevance statement
Radiologist screening mammography assessments will be biased towards higher sensitivity and lower specificity by high-risk triaging and nudged towards the sensitivity and specificity setting of AI reads. After AI implementation in clinical practice, there is reason to carefully follow screening metrics to ensure the impact is desired.

Key Points
• Breast radiologists’ sensitivity and specificity will be affected by changes brought by artificial intelligence.
• Reading in a high cancer prevalence setting markedly increased sensitivity and decreased specificity.
• Reviewing the binary reads by AI, negative or positive, biased screening radiologists towards the sensitivity and specificity of the AI system.

Graphical abstract
The clinical outcome of emergency superficial temporal artery-to-middle cerebral artery bypass in acute ischemic stroke with large vessel occlusion
Authors: Guo Lei , Yang Li , Li Chunling , Zeng Yi , Xu Ruxiang , Wang Zhengyu , Jiang Chonggui 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe role of superficial temporal artery-to-middle cerebral artery (STA-MCA) bypass in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is contentious, with no evidence in patients with AIS and large vessel occlusion (AIS-LVO). We conducted a cohort study to assess emergency STA-MCA outcomes in AIS-LVO and a meta-analysis to evaluate STA-MCA outcomes in early AIS treatment. From January 2018 to March 2021, we consecutively recruited newly diagnosed AIS-LVO patients, dividing them into STA-MCA and non-STA-MCA groups. To evaluate the neurological status and outcomes, we employed the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) during the acute phase and the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) during the follow-up period. Additionally, we conducted a meta-analysis encompassing all available clinical studies to assess the impact of STA-MCA on patients with AIS. In the cohort study (56 patients), we observed more significant neurological improvement in the STA-MCA group at two weeks (p = 0.030). However, there was no difference in the clinical outcomes between the two groups. Multivariable logistic regression identified the NIHSS at two weeks (OR: 0.840; 95% CI: 0.754–0.936, p = 0.002) as the most critical predictor of a good outcome. Our meta-analysis of seven studies indicated a 67% rate for achieving a good outcome (mRS < 3) at follow-up points (95% CI: 57%–77%, I2 = 44.1%). In summary, while the meta-analysis suggested the potential role of STA-MCA bypass in mild to moderate AIS, our single-center cohort study indicated that STA-MCA bypass does not seem to improve the prognosis of patients who suffer from AIS-LVO.
Food for Soul—Older Immigrants’ Food Habits and Meal Preferences After Immigration: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Lillekroken Daniela , Bye Asta , Halvorsrud Liv , Terragni Laura , Debesay Jonas 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThere are few primary studies that focused on the older immigrants’ food habits and meal preferences after immigration and settlement in a new country. A comprehensive database search for literature was conducted in May 2021 and upgraded in September 2021. Ten databases (Medline (Ovid), EMBASE (Ovid), PsycInfo (Ovid), Cinahl (EBSCOhost), Food Science Source (EBSCOhost), SocIndex (EBSCOhost), Social Care Online, Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA), Web of Science and Google Scholar), were scanned for original, peer-reviewed papers published in English. The review was conducted and reported in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines and SWiM items. Out of 3069 records, 10 papers were included for thematic synthesis. A data synthesis across all studies resulted in three main findings: (i) the significance of food in maintaining cultural identity, (ii) the continuity of traditional food culture and (iii) adapting to the host country’s food culture. Although different forms of dietary acculturation occur throughout life, older immigrants often want to maintain their traditional food habits and meal preferences. For them, traditional eating habits offer comfort and security by serving as a means of identifying who they are and reminding them where they have come from. Public health and social services play an important role in providing cultural nutritional care to older immigrants; therefore, this issue should be carefully addressed by professionals and future research.Registration: The review protocol was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) on 27 September 2022 with registration number CRD42022358235.
Molecular detection of Shiga toxin and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli isolates from sheep and goats
Authors: Ramatla Tsepo , Tutubala Mpho , Motlhaping Tshepang , de Wet Lara , Mokgokong Prudent , Thekisoe Oriel , Lekota Kgaugelo 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
The Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) have become important global public health concerns. This study investigated the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance profile, and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing E. coli in sheep and goat faeces.

Methods and results
A total of 53 E. coli isolates were confirmed by PCR targeting the uidA [β-D glucuronidase] gene. The Shiga toxin genes stx1 and stx2, as well as bfpA, vir, eaeA, lt and aafII virulence genes, were detected in this study. Of the 53 isolates confirmed to be STEC, 100% were positive for stx2 and 47.2% for stx1. Three isolates possessed a combination of stx1 + stx2 + eaeA, while four isolates harboured stx1 + stx2 + vir virulence genes. The isolates displayed phenotypic antimicrobial resistance against erythromycin (66.04%), colistin sulphate (43.4%), chloramphenicol (9.4%) and ciprofloxacin (1.9%). A total of 28.8% of the strains were phenotypically considered ESBL producers and contained the beta-lactamase bla

CTX-M-9
and bla

CTX-M-25
gene groups. A larger proportion of the E. coli strains (86.8%) contained the antibiotic sulphonamide resistant (sulII) gene, while 62.3%, 62.3%, 52.8%, 43.4%, 41.5%, 20.8%, 18.9%, 11.3%, 11.3%, 9.4%, 9.4% and 5.7% possessed mcr-4, floR, mcr-1, tet(A), sulI, tet(O), tet(W), parC, mcr-2, ampC 5, qnrS and ermB genes, respectively. Thirteen isolates of the ESBL-producing E. coli were considered multi-drug resistant (MDR). One Shiga toxin (stx2) and two beta-lactamase genes (bla

CTX-M-9
and bla

CTX-M-25
groups) were present in 16 isolates. In conclusion, the E. coli isolates from the small stock in this study contained a large array of high antibiotic resistance and virulence profiles.

Conclusions
Our findings highlight the importance of sheep and goats as sources of virulence genes and MDR E. coli. From a public health and veterinary medicine perspective, the characterization of ESBL producers originating from small livestock (sheep and goats) is crucial due to their close contact with humans.