bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Familial Aggregation and ABO Blood Groups and COVID-19 Severity Among Hospitalized Patients
Authors: John Mathew , Orathel Sunny P. , Varghese Jaicob , Pradeep Manu , Jacob Quincy M. , Thomas Ronnie , John Salini Baby , Ramamoorthy Venkataraghavan , Saxena Anshul , Rubens Muni 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Planning effective preventive and control measures requires understanding of the variability in the severity of infectious illnesses and factors determining susceptibility. The present study aimed to assess the association between familial susceptibility and ABO blood group with COVID-19 disease severity and adverse outcomes.

Methods
The present study was a retrospective investigation that was carried out at a tertiary care hospital with a bed capacity of 560 in the state of Kerala, India. A structured questionnaire was used to extract demographic and clinical characteristics from screened records. The study participants were stratified into 2 distinct groups based on the severity of their illness: mild to moderate and severe. Familial aggregation was operationally defined as the occurrence of COVID-19 diagnosis in any first-degree relative.

Results
A total of 362 hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection were included in the analysis. Among them 62 (17.1%) were categorized as severe COVID-19 and 300 (82.9%) were categorized as mild to moderate COVID-19. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that the odds of sever COVID-19 disease was significantly higher among patients with familial aggregation (odds ratio, 2.47; 95% confidence interval, 2.12–2.85) and with non-O blood group (odds ratio, 2.21; 95% confidence interval, 2.01–2.56).

Conclusions
The findings of our study highlight the significance of familial aggregation and ABO blood group as crucial factors in determining the severity of COVID-19 disease. Comprehending the interrelationship between these variables and the genetic makeup of the host may hold significance in prognosticating the gravity of COVID-19 consequences.
The Impact of Secondary Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infection on the Course of COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Nadir Yasemin , Kiran Pinar , Erturk Damla , Uzun Ugur , Yavuz Tunzala , Ersan Gursel , Ozden Hale Turan , Senger Suheyla Serin 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Secondary bacterial infections can worsen the prognosis for COVID-19, especially in patients with severe infections. Thus, we aim to investigate the effect of secondary catheter-related bloodstream infections on the course of COVID-19 infection.

Material and Methods
This is a retrospective, nested case-control study and included 236 confirmed COVID-19 infection hospitalized patients, divided into 2 groups (COVID-19, n = 64; non–COVID-19, n = 172) according to SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR results.

Results
The age, sex, and prevalence of chronic diseases were similar in both groups. Klebsiella pneumoniae (31.2%) and Acinetobacter baumannii (21.9%) were the predominant microorganisms in the COVID-19 group. Only A. baumannii was statistically higher in the COVID-19 group (P = 0.046). There were no significant differences in terms of resistance profiles. The 30-day mortality was significantly higher in the COVID-19 group (56.3%) than in the non–COVID-19 group (38.4%) (P = 0.014). There was no significant difference in the length of stay between the 2 groups. The multiple logistic regression analysis of risk factors for 30-day mortality revealed that COVID-19 positivity (odds ratio [OR], 2.167; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.056–4.446; P = 0.035), infection with extensively drug-resistant bacteria (OR, 2.949; 95% CI, 1.311–6.636; P = 0.009), and infection with pandrug-resistant bacteria (OR, 3.601; 95% CI, 1.213–10.689; P = 0.021) were independent risk factors for 30-day mortality.

Conclusion
As a conclusion, this study demonstrated that COVID-19 positivity is an independent risk factor for 30-day mortality of secondary catheter-related bloodstream infections. Gram-negative bacteria were the predominant microorganisms, with A. baumannii being statistically higher in the COVID-19 group compared with the non–COVID-19 group. However, there were no statistically significant differences in terms of the resistance profile of microorganisms.
Current Status and Treatment of Rapid Cycling Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Miola Alessandro , Frye Mark A. , Tondo Leonardo , Baldessarini Ross J. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Rapid cycling (RC) at ≥4 recurrent episodes per year in bipolar disorder (BD) has been recognized since the 1970s. We now comment on our recent review of the topic and extensive RC analysis in a large clinical cohort, emphasizing therapeutics research.

Comments
Prevalence of RC-BD averages 36% for any year versus 22% in the preceding year. Rapid cycling is not a consistent feature over many years, although average long-term, annual recurrence rates are greater in RC-BD patients. Risk of RC may be somewhat greater among women and with older ages. It is also associated with cyclothymic temperament, prominent depression, and mood-switching with antidepressant treatment and is associated with increased suicidal risk. Treatment of individual episodes in RC-BD and effective long-term prevention remain inadequately studied, although antidepressant treatment can worsen RC. Some research supports treatment with aripiprazole, lamotrigine, and lithium, and interest in second-generation antipsychotics is emerging. All such options are used in various inadequately evaluated combinations.

Conclusions
Rapid cycling is prevalent among BD patients but seems to vary in risk over time without evidence of progressive worsening. Treatment of acute episodes in RC-BD patients and effective long-term preventive management require much more intensive investigation.
Cutaneous Sporotrichosis in a Middle-Aged Female
Authors: Young Peter A. , Luong Drake , Bae Gordon H. 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
Sporotrichosis is an infection caused by a dimorphic fungus. Typically transmitted through inoculation of contaminated foliage, this disease is seen primarily in farmers or garden workers. The initial manifestation is a single papule at the sight of trauma. The differential diagnosis includes diseases with localized eruptions and lymphangitic spread. Cases caused by zoonotic transmission through felines have also been rising in Brazil. We report this case of a woman who contracted sporotrichosis via cat scratches.
Protein or branched-chain amino acid intake at breakfast for muscle mass gain in older persons: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ikeda Takashi , Tashiro Naonori , Hasegawa Takeshi , Nishiwaki Hiroki , Ohtsuka Hiroyuki , Matoba Masaaki , Noma Hisashi , Ota Erika 
Published: January 2024

Background:
In recent years, prevention of sarcopenia and frailty is a matter of concern for community dwelling older persons. The recommended protein daily intake is not fulfilled by 10% of community-dwelling elderly and 35% of residents in aged-care facilities. Furthermore, the optimum time of protein consumption is unclear because of the varying combinations of intake timing and exercise. Although it is desirable to increase protein intake at breakfast and lunch without reducing intake at supper to maximize muscle protein synthesis, this is not clear for older people. Therefore, before considering whether protein consumption at breakfast is superior to other times of the day, its effectiveness needs to be clarified in older adults.

Methods:
The inclusion criterion will be healthy or frail adults older than 60 years. This protocol of systematic review adhered to the PRISMA 2020 statement. A comprehensive study strategy is designed for PubMed, EMBASE, CENTRAL, and Clinical Trials.gov. Search strategies will be made using Boolean Search Logic by an experienced librarian in systematic review search formula design. Two authors will carry out independent screening of titles, abstracts, and data extraction for randomized controlled trials. Statistical heterogeneity will be assessed by meta-analysis. Assessment of the risk of bias will be conducted using the Risk-of-bias 2 tool. Integrated data will be analyzed using Review Manager software to create summary tables. Findings summary tables for primary and secondary outcomes will be produced in accordance with the procedures in the Cochrane Handbook.

Results:
We believe that the effects of protein or BCAA intake at breakfast in older people analysed in this review will provide evidence that contributes to the establishment of treatment strategies to prevent frailty and sarcopenia.

Conclusion:
The benefits of protein intake at breakfast for the elderly will be clarified. This will encourage hospitals and elderly care facilities to review the content of the diet and encourage the elderly to change their own behavior. This is expected to ultimately reduce healthcare costs.
Targeting bile salt homeostasis in biliary diseases
Authors: Trampert David C. , Kunst Roni F. , van de Graaf Stan F.J. 
Published: January 2024

Purpose of review
Advances in the understanding of bile salt synthesis, transport and signalling show the potential of modulating bile salt homeostasis as a therapeutic strategy in cholestatic liver diseases. Here, recent developments in (pre)clinical research in this field is summarized and discussed.

Recent findings
Inhibition of the apical sodium-dependent bile salt transporter (ASBT) and Na+-taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) seems effective against cholestatic liver diseases, as well as Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonism or a combination of both. While approved for the treatment of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP), ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) has retrospectively shown carefully promising results in primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). The side chain shortened derivate norUDCA is of further therapeutic interest since its mechanisms of action are independent of the bile salt transport machinery. In the pathogenesis of sclerosing cholangiopathies, a skewed T-cell response with alterations in gut microbiota and bile salt pool compositions are observed. In PSC pathogenesis, the bile salt receptor Takeda G-protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5) in cholangiocytes is implicated, whilst in immunoglobulin G4-related cholangitis the autoantigens annexin A11 and laminin 511-E8 are involved in protecting cholangiocytes.

Summary
Modulating bile salt homeostasis has proven a promising treatment strategy in models of cholestasis and are continuously being further developed. Confirmatory clinical studies are needed in order to assess the proposed treatment strategies in patients allowing for a broader therapeutic arsenal in the future.
Effectiveness of rivaroxaban in preventing cerebral venous thromboembolism: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Netha Aadarsh , Mazhar Saad , Azhar Aima , Moeez Abdul , Choradia Aakash , Mohtashim Ali , Anees Usama , Ejaz Umer , Tariq Muhammad Uzair , Jawad Sayed 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Cerebral venous thromboembolism (CVT) poses a significant risk of venous infarction and haemorrhage, which can lead to neurological deficits and, in severe cases, even death. The optimal treatment regimen for patients with CVT remains unclear.

Methods:
MEDLINE, Embase, Google Scholar, Web of Science (WoS), and Cochrane Central databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies assessing the efficacy and safety of rivaroxaban in patients with CVT. All-site venous thromboembolism (VTE), risk of clinically relevant non-major bleeding, incidence of partial recanalization, complete recanalization and major haemorrhage were among outcomes of interest. Mantel–Haenszel weighted random-effects model was used to calculate relative risks (RRs) with 95% CIs.

Results:
The analysis included 1 RCT and 3 observational studies containing 211 patients. Compared to vitamin K antagonists (VKAs), rivaroxaban did not significantly decrease the all-site VTE [RR 0.31 (95% CI 0.01, 8.43); P=0.49, I2=0%]. Compared with VKAs, patients on rivaroxaban did not show a significantly reduced risk of recurrent cerebral venous thrombosis. In terms of incidence of partial recanalization, there was no discernible difference between rivaroxaban and VKAs [RR 0.90 (95% CI 0.66, 1.22); P=0.49, I2=0%]. There was no discernible difference in incidence of complete recanalization [RR 0.98 (95% CI 0.32, 3.03); P=0.97, I2=28%] and incidence of major haemorrhage [RR 0.19 (95% CI 0.01, 4.54); P=0.30].

Conclusion:
Rivaroxaban was found to have similar efficacy to VKAs. Due to its lower risk of severe bleeding and no need for INR monitoring, rivaroxaban may be a preferable treatment option for CVT.
A Moderation Model for Bolstering Resilience to Suicidal Psychopathology
Authors: Garg Sunny , Kharb Aakanksha 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Positive sociopsychological constructs and coping flexibility may be helpful for alleviating suicidal psychopathology, although relatively little research has examined this possibility among medical students. This survey aimed to investigate whether positive sociopsychological constructs and coping flexibility could buffer the negative impact of daily life stress and bolster the resilience to suicidal ideations and attempts among medical students. This cross-sectional model was based on a study of 787 Indian medical students (725 women and 62 men; mean age, 21.08 years; SD = 2.78; range, 19–37 years) who were asked to complete a battery of self-administered questionnaires. For the purpose of determining the independent and interaction impacts of potential variables of influence, hierarchical multiple linear regression models were used. The moderation analysis investigated that the association between daily life stress and suicidal ideation was buffered among the students having higher levels of positive mental health and coping flexibility, whereas this association was no longer significant at the highest level of positive mental health. Furthermore, the relationship between daily life stress and suicidal attempts continued to be buffered by above-average levels of coping flexibility, emotional stability (ES), and optimism. These findings represent that promoting positive mental health, coping flexibility, ES, and optimism may be a promising approach to mitigate suicidal thoughts and attempts in interventions for medical students at high risk. These modifiable moderating factors can be enhanced by empirically supported treatment and prevention efforts to bolster suicidal resilience.
A Transdiagnostic Model for Depression, Anxiety, and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Authors: Oktay Fatma , Dağ İhsan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and anxiety disorders (ADs) can seriously impair functionality. Studies have shown that there are common mechanisms in the emergence of these disorders. This study discussed unpredictability beliefs, family unpredictability, locus of control, intolerance of uncertainty, emotional regulation difficulties, and coping styles. In this study, a model created with these transdiagnostic variables that play a role in the emergence of depression, OCD, and ADs was tested. The sample of the study consisted of 795 people. The model explained a significant part of the variance in psychological symptoms. In addition to various limitations, it is thought that this study has important contributions to the field by examining the relationships between unpredictability beliefs and various variables for the first time, and bringing together many transdiagnostic factors related to psychological symptoms. In addition, it provides valuable information for clinicians as it provides a basis for intervention programs targeting many transdiagnostic mechanisms.
Reconstruction of an Early-Stage Scapholunate Advanced Collapse Wrist with the 3-Ligament Tenodesis Procedure: A Controversial Reappraisal
Authors: Dullemans Kasper N. , van der Oest Mark J. W. , Hakkesteegt Stefanie N. , Vermeulen Guus M. , Zuidam J. Michiel , Duraku Liron S. ,   Hand-Wrist Study Group, Feitz Reinier 
Published: January 2024

Background:
The authors hypothesized that the 3-ligament tenodesis (3-LT) procedure is still sufficient—even in scapholunate advanced collapse (SLAC) cases—to reduce pain and improve wrist function. The authors compared patient-reported outcomes of scapholunate interosseus ligament (SLIL) injury patients with SLAC, to SLIL injury patients treated with 3-LT, and then to patients who underwent proximal row carpectomy (PRC), as a control group.

Methods:
The authors included all patients with a traumatic SLIL injury and associated SLAC components treated with 3-LT and completed patient-rated wrist evaluation (PRWE) questionnaires preoperatively and at 12-month follow-up. First, the authors compared matched patients with SLIL injury and SLIL injury with SLAC, stage 1 to 3, who received 3-LT. Second, the authors compared patients who received 3-LT with patients who underwent PRC, while having SLAC stage 2 or 3.

Results:
The authors compared 51 patients with SLAC to 95 patients with SLIL injury who had a 3-LT procedure, and 10 3-LT patients were compared with 18 patients undergoing PRC, given SLAC stage 2 or 3. In both analyses, the PRWE scores had significantly improved in all groups; however, no significant differences in PRWE were found between 3-LT in SLIL injury and SLIL injury with SLAC (6.9 points; 95% CI, −14.92 to 1.22; P = 0.096) and between 3-LT and PRC, given SLAC stage 2 or 3, 15.1 points (not enough power).

Conclusions:
There is no difference in PRWE between matched SLIL injury patients with or without degenerative changes treated with a 3-LT. Therefore, the 3-LT procedure seems to be a viable treatment option for patients with early-stage SLAC wrist.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, III.
Patient Decision Aids for Breast Cancer Reconstruction: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Su Yunjhen , Sun Chin-Yu , Chiu Wen-Kuan , Kang Yi-No , Chen Chiehfeng 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Breast cancer has surpassed lung cancer to become the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women. There has been a dramatic increase in the use of breast reconstruction after mastectomy. However, struggle in making decisions regarding breast reconstruction has existed. Thus, a study of decision aids (DAs) needs to be conducted, and further studies are needed to promote better DAs. This review discusses how DAs can be used to help women make decisions about breast reconstruction after mastectomy. In addition, the review was the first to compare different DA formats to determine which one is most effective.

Methods:
The authors searched for relevant studies published before October of 2022 in PubMed and Embase using the medical subject headings “breast reconstruction” and “decision aid.” Demographic data and decision, outcomes, and instruments used for assessment were also collected. Risk of bias was measured by the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool.

Results:
A network meta-analysis of 14 RCTs with a total of 1401 patients were included. A total of 90.9% participants presented usable results for evaluation of decisional conflict, and web-based DA (−0.3; 95% CI, −0.56 to −0.05) showed significant improvement; 50.3% of participants provided results of decisional regret, and no subgroups showed significant reduction; 60.3% of participants contributed to results for knowledge, and web-based DA (0.61; 95% CI, 0.01 to 1.21) showed the most positive effect. A total of 44.5% of participants were included for evaluation of satisfaction, and web-based DA (0.44; 95% CI, 0.15 to 0.72) revealed significant increase.

Conclusion:
The review concluded that web-based DAs are the favorable format of DA.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, II.
Extracranial Vascular Malformations Increase Cardiovascular Disease Risk: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Ryu Jeong Yeop , Chang Yong June , Lee Joon Seok , Choi Kang Young , Yang Jung Dug , Lee Seok-Jong , Lee Jongmin , Huh Seung , Kim Ji Yoon , Chung Ho Yun 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Extracranial vascular malformations affect vessel inflammation, clotting, and ischemia. However, the relationship between extracranial vascular malformations and myocardial infarction (MI) or stroke has not been fully elucidated. Limited studies have investigated the association between extracranial vascular malformations and cardiovascular diseases.

Methods:
A total of 48,701 patients with extracranial vascular malformations and a control cohort of 487,010 age- and sex-matched participants from the Korean National Health Insurance database were included. The incidence and risk of MI, ischemic stroke (IS), and hemorrhagic stroke (HS) between participants with extracranial vascular malformations and the control cohort was compared.

Results:
After adjusting for other cardiovascular disease risk factors, the adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) for venous malformations, capillary malformations (CMs), arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), and lymphatic malformations in patients with acute MI were 1.25 (CI, 1.04 to 1.50), 1.41 (CI, 1.24 to 1.61), 1.68 (CI, 1.18 to 2.37), and 1.40 (CI, 1.31 to 1.48), respectively. For IS, the aHRs were 1.55 (CI, 1.35 to 1.77), 1.92 (CI, 1.74 to 2.11), 1.13 (CI, 0.78 to 1.64), and 1.51 (CI, 1.44 to 1.58), respectively. For HS, the aHRs were 1.51 (CI, 1.12 to 2.05), 5.63 (CI, 4.97 to 6.38), 2.93 (CI, 1.82 to 4.72), and 1.34 (CI, 1.20 to 1.50), respectively.

Conclusions:
Independent of cardiovascular risk factors, extracranial vascular malformations were associated with an increased risk of MI, IS, and HS. For patients with CMs and AVMs, intracerebral hemorrhage risk was particularly high, accounting for 563% and 293%, respectively. Therefore, even in patients with extracranial CMs or AVMs, performing diagnostic evaluations for cerebral AVMs and using measures to prevent intracerebral hemorrhage are crucial.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Risk, II.
Evaluating Independent Double Checks in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit: A Human Factors Engineering Approach
Authors: Konwinski Leah , Steenland Caryn , Miller Kayla , Boville Brian , Fitzgerald Robert , Connors Robert , Sterling Elizabeth , Stowe Alicia , Rajasekaran Surender 
Published: January 2024

Objectives
The goal of this human factors engineering-led improvement initiative was to examine whether the independent double check (IDC) during administration of high alert medications afforded improved patient safety when compared with a single check process.

Methods
The initiative was completed at a 24-bed pediatric intensive care unit and included all patients who were on the unit and received a medication historically requiring an IDC. The total review examined 37,968 high-risk medications administrations to 4417 pediatric intensive care unit patients over a 40-month period. The following 5 measures were reviewed: (1) rates of reported medication administration events involving IDC medications; (2) hospital length of stay; (3) patient mortality; (4) nurses’ favorability toward single checking; and (5) nursing time spent on administration of IDC medications.

Results
The rate of reported medication administration events involving IDC medications was not significantly different across the groups (95% confidence interval, 0.02%–0.08%; P = 0.4939). The intervention also did not significantly alter mortality (P = 0.8784) or length of stay (P = 0.4763) even after controlling for the patient demographic variables. Nursing favorability for single checking increased from 59% of nurses in favor during the double check phase, to 94% by the end of the single check phase. Each double check took an average of 9.7 minutes, and a single check took an average of 1.94 minutes.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that performing independent double checks on high-risk medications administered in a pediatric ICU setting afforded no impact on reported medication events compared with single checking.