bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiac lipoma in a young lady
Authors: Alizadehasl Azin , Mohseni Mina , Bahramnejad Alia , Roudini Kamran , Mohseni‐Salehi Maryam , Favaedi Maryam , Hakimian Hoda , Dousti Amir 
Published: December 2023

Key Clinical MessageTo confirm the diagnosis of cardiac lipomas, it is crucial to use multimodality imaging and also histopathology examination if the patient underwent surgery. But surgery is not needed in many cases unless there are life‐threatening situations.AbstractCardiac lipoma is a rare condition which is believed as a benign tumor; here, we want to present a case of young adult lady who came to our hospital complaining of chest pain and diagnosed cardiac mass by echocardiography that underwent cardiac MRI which showed cardiac lipoma and managed conservatively by serial echocardiography.
Tau and Alzheimer's disease: Past, present and future
Authors: Iqbal Khalid 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMy journey with tau started when in 1974 for the first time I isolated neurofibrillary tangles of paired helical filaments (PHFs) from autopsied Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains and discovered that they were made up of a ~50–70 KDa protein on SDS‐polyacrylamide gels. Subsequently my team discovered that this PHF protein and the microtubule‐associated factor called tau were one and the same protein. However, we found that tau in neurofibrillary tangles/PHFs in AD brain was abnormally hyperphosphorylated, and unlike normal tau, which promoted the assembly of tubulin into microtubules, the AD‐hyperphosphorylated tau inhibited microtubule assembly. These discoveries of tau pathology in AD opened a new and a major area of research on tau and on the molecular pathology of this major cause of dementia in middle‐ and old‐age individuals. Tau pathology, which without fail is made up of the aggregated hyperphosphorylated state of the protein, is also the hallmark lesion of a family of around 20 related neurodegenerative diseases, called tauopathies. Currently, tau pathology is a major drug target for the treatment of AD and related tauopathies. Both active and passive tau immunization human clinical trials at various stages are underway. Initial results range from negative to partially promising. Future studies will reveal whether tau therapy alone or in combination with drugs targeting Aβ and/or neurodegeneration will be required to achieve the most effective treatment for AD and related disorders.
NRG‐GY012: Randomized phase 2 study comparing olaparib, cediranib, and the combination of cediranib/olaparib in women with recurrent, persistent, or metastatic endometrial cancer
Authors: Rimel Bobbie J. , Enserro Danielle , Bender David P. , Jackson Camille Gunderson , Tan Annie , Alluri Nitya , Borowsky Mark , Moroney John , Hendrickson Andrea Wahner , Backes Floor , Swisher Elizabeth , Powell Matthew , MacKay Helen 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPurposeThis paper reports the efficacy of the poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase inhibitor olaparib alone and in combination with the antiangiogenesis agent cediranib compared with cediranib alone in patients with advanced endometrial cancer.MethodsThis was open‐label, randomized, phase 2 trial (NCT03660826). Eligible patients had recurrent endometrial cancer, received at least one (<3) prior lines of chemotherapy, and were Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0 to 2. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1:1), stratified by histology (serous vs. other) to receive cediranib alone (reference arm), olaparib, or olaparib and cediranib for 28‐day cycles until progression or unacceptable toxicity. The primary end point was progression‐free survival in the intention‐to‐treat population. Homologous repair deficiency was explored using the BROCA‐GO sequencing panel.ResultsA total of 120 patients were enrolled and all were included in the intention‐to‐treat analysis. Median age was 66 (range, 41–86) years and 47 (39.2%) had serous histology. Median progression‐free survival for cediranib was 3.8 months compared with 2.0 months for olaparib (hazard ratio, 1.45 [95% CI, 0.91‐2.3] p = .935) and 5.5 months for olaparib/cediranib (hazard ratio, 0.7 [95% CI, 0.43–1.14] p = .064). Four patients receiving the combination had a durable response lasting more than 20 months. The most common grade 3/4 toxicities were hypertension in the cediranib (36%) and olaparib/cediranib (33%) arms, fatigue (20.5% olaparib/cediranib), and diarrhea (17.9% cediranib). The BROCA‐GO panel results were not associated with response.ConclusionThe combination of cediranib and olaparib demonstrated modest clinical efficacy; however, the primary end point of the study was not met. The combination was safe without unexpected toxicity.
Computational simulation of JAK/STAT signaling in somatic versus germline stem cells
Authors: Li Willis X. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway regulates a variety of cellular processes. A major activation event in this pathway involves the phosphorylation of a tyrosine of STAT, converting unphosphorylated STAT (uSTAT) to phosphorylated STAT (pSTAT), an active transcription factor. In a noncanonical role, uSTAT contributes to the maintenance of heterochromatin stability. As such, an increase in pSTAT concurrently reduces uSTAT, resulting in heterochromatin loss, as observed in Drosophila somatic tissues. Paradoxically, an opposing phenomenon occurs in Drosophila male germline stem cells (GSCs), where the JAK/STAT pathway remains persistently active due to a continuous supply of ligands. Here, computational simulations were employed to dissect JAK/STAT pathway activation under different cellular contexts, mimicking somatic and germline cells. In these simulations, ordinary differential equations were leveraged to replicate the chemical reactions governing JAK/STAT signaling under different conditions.ResultsThe outcomes indicate that transient ligand stimulation, typical in somatic tissues, led to a momentary reduction in uSTAT levels. Conversely, sustained ligand stimulation, a characteristic feature of the GSC niche, resulted in elevated uSTAT levels at equilibrium.ConclusionThe simulation suggests that the duration of ligand exposure could explain the observed opposite effects of JAK/STAT activation on heterochromatin in somatic versus GSCs.
Effect of paced heart rate on quality of life and natriuretic peptides for stage B or C heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: A secondary analysis of the myPACE trial
Authors: de la Espriella Rafael , Wahlberg Kramer J. , Infeld Margaret , Palau Patricia , Núñez Eduardo , Sanchis Juan , Meyer Markus , Núñez Julio 
Published: December 2023

AimEmerging evidence suggests a beneficial effect of higher heart rates in some patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). This study aimed to evaluate the impact of higher backup pacing rates in HFpEF patients with preexisting pacemaker systems that limit pacemaker‐mediated dyssynchrony across left ventricular (LV) volumes and LV ejection fraction (LVEF).Methods and resultsThis is a post‐hoc analysis of the myPACE clinical trial that evaluated the effects of personalized accelerated pacing setting (myPACE) versus standard of care on changes in Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ) score, N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP), pacemaker‐detected activity levels, and atrial fibrillation (AF) burden in patients with HFpEF with preexisting pacemakers. Between‐treatment comparisons were performed using linear regression models adjusting for the baseline value of the exposure (ANCOVA design). This study included 93 patients with pre‐trial transthoracic echocardiograms available (usual care n = 49; myPACE n = 44). NT‐proBNP levels and MLHFQ scores improved in a higher magnitude in the myPACE group at lower indexed LV end‐diastolic volumes (iLVEDV) (NT‐proBNP–iLVEDV interaction p = 0.006; MLHFQ–iLVEDV interaction p = 0.068). In addition, personalized accelerated pacing led to improved changes in activity levels and NT‐proBNP, especially at higher LVEF (activity levels–LVEF interaction p = 0.009; NT‐proBNP–LVEF interaction p = 0.058). No evidence of heterogeneity was found across LV volumes or LVEF for pacemaker‐detected AF burden.ConclusionsIn the post‐hoc analysis of the myPACE trial, we observed that the benefits of a personalized accelerated backup pacing on MLHFQ score, NT‐proBNP, and pacemaker‐detected activity levels appear to be more pronounced in patients with smaller iLVEDV and higher LVEF.
Fixation of air nitrogen to ammonia and nitrate using cathodic plasma and anodic plasma in the air plasma electrolysis method
Authors: Saksono Nelson , Suryawinata Patresia , Zakaria Zainal , Farawan Bening 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe fixation of nitrogen (N2) from the air into ammonia (NH3) and nitrate (NO3−) is usually conducted using the Haber–Bosch process, which requires the raw material of hydrocarbons for hydrogen (H2), which has a large amount of energy but produces high CO2 emissions. An environmentally friendly and energy‐saving alternative is the air plasma electrolysis method, which can be used to synthesize NH3 and NO3− under ambient conditions. In this study, this method was used to inject air into the plasma zone in a K2SO4 electrolyte solution to produce N2 fixation compounds. The results showed that the use of cathodic plasma promoted the formation of NH3 but suppressed NO3− production. The optimal air injection rate was achieved at 0.6 L.min−1 and an electrical power of 452 W, with a total fixed N2 of 51.66 mmol. The highest formation of NO3− in cathodic plasma was obtained in 35 min, with a value of 29.92 mmol, and 2.57 mmol NH3 was achieved at 60 min. The high concentration of H2 gas, which is a by‐product of this process, can contribute to increasing the use of Haber–Bosch green technology in the production of NH3.
Self‐supported bimetallic array superstructures for high‐performance coupling electrosynthesis of formate and adipate
Authors: Liu Li , He Yingchun , Li Qing , Cao Changsheng , Huang Minghong , Ma Dong‐Dong , Wu Xin‐Tao , Zhu Qi‐Long 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe coupling electrosynthesis involving CO2 upgrade conversion is of great significance for the sustainable development of the environment and energy but is challenging. Herein, we exquisitely constructed the self‐supported bimetallic array superstructures from the Cu(OH)2 array architecture precursor, which can enable high‐performance coupling electrosynthesis of formate and adipate at the anode and the cathode, respectively. Concretely, the faradaic efficiencies (FEs) of CO2‐to‐formate and cyclohexanone‐to‐adipate conversion simultaneously exceed 90% at both electrodes with excellent stabilities. Such high‐performance coupling electrosynthesis is highly correlated with the porous nanosheet array superstructure of CuBi alloy as the cathode and the nanosheet‐on‐nanowire array superstructure of CuNi hydroxide as the anode. Moreover, compared to the conventional electrolysis process, the cell voltage is substantially reduced while maintaining the electrocatalytic performance for coupling electrosynthesis in the two‐electrode electrolyzer with the maximal FEformate and FEadipate up to 94.2% and 93.1%, respectively. The experimental results further demonstrate that the bimetal composition modulates the local electronic structures, promoting the reactions toward the target products. Prospectively, our work proposes an instructive strategy for constructing adaptive self‐supported superstructures to achieve efficient coupling electrosynthesis.
Radicals and Carbohydrates: A Grand Alliance
Authors: Quiclet‐Sire Béatrice , Zard Samir Z. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis review describes applications of radical reactions developed in the authors’ laboratory for the modification of carbohydrates. It focuses on tin‐free variation on the Barton‐McCombie deoxygenation; on reductive de‐iodination; on intermolecular radical additions of xanthates; on allylations and vinylations of xanthates and iodides, with emphasis on allylations using allylic alcohols activated as fluoropyridyl ethers; and, finally, on the synthesis of mercaptosugars.
Attitudes toward COVID‐19 restrictions and COVID‐19‐related stress and fear among college students across three waves
Authors: James Drexler , Henshaw Erin , Lourie Andrea , Kennedy Susan , Glatley Blake 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsThe COVID‐19 pandemic has significantly impacted the mental health of college students, leading to increased psychological distress. This study explored potenital predictors to better understand the factors that influence and mitigate student COVID‐19 stress in the evolving landscape of residential colleges. Specifically, we investigated the roles of COVID‐19 fear, loneliness, and attitudes toward COVID‐19 restrictions.MethodsEmploying a longitudinal online survey design, we collected data over the fall 2020 semester from 122 first‐year college students enrolled in a small mid‐west liberal arts college. Participants completed the same survey three times: Wave 1 in August, Wave 2 in October, and Wave 3 in November.ResultsFear of COVID‐19 (Time 1) was a significant predictor of increased COVID‐19 related stress at both Time 2 and Time 3. Interestingly, loneliness (Time 1) moderated the effect of fear of COVID‐19 (Time 1) on attitudes toward COVID‐19 restrictions at Time 2. Moreover, students' negative attitudes toward COVID‐19 restrictions and feelings of loneliness increased over the course of the semester.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that college students’ wellbeing in the context of COVID‐19 stress is influenced by a complex interplay of perceptions of COVID‐19 (stress, fear, attitudes) and feelings of social isolation (loneliness). Further research in this area is crucial to provide targeted support and interventions to promote students’ mental health.
Using large language models to write theses and dissertations
Authors: O'Leary Daniel E. 
Published: December 2023

SummaryThere has been substantial discussion aimed at investigating the extent to which academic researchers can or should “use” large language models, such as ChatGPT and Bard, in their research papers. However, there seems to have been limited attention given to the extent to which students can use these tools for the development of theses, proposals and dissertations. This paper pushes the arguments from focusing on academic researchers, journal papers, and technical meetings to considering those theses and dissertations, raising several questions and concerns. Ultimately, university policies need to address these issues, but if publisher and editor responses and alternative business uses are a signal of that direction, consensus may be difficult to achieve.
Participation of the TBP‐associated factors (TAFs) in cell differentiation
Authors: Luna‐Arias Juan Pedro , Castro‐Muñozledo Federico 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe understanding of the mechanisms that regulate gene expression to establish differentiation programs and determine cell lineages, is one of the major challenges in Developmental Biology. Besides the participation of tissue‐specific transcription factors and epigenetic processes, the role of general transcription factors has been ignored. Only in recent years, there have been scarce studies that address this issue. Here, we review the studies on the biological activity of some TATA‐box binding protein (TBP)‐associated factors (TAFs) during the proliferation of stem/progenitor cells and their involvement in cell differentiation. Particularly, the accumulated evidence suggests that TAF4, TAF4b, TAF7L, TAF8, TAF9, and TAF10, among others, participate in nervous system development, adipogenesis, myogenesis, and epidermal differentiation; while TAF1, TAF7, TAF15 may be involved in the regulation of stem cell proliferative abilities and cell cycle progression. On the other hand, evidence suggests that TBP variants such as TBPL1 and TBPL2 might be regulating some developmental processes such as germ cell maturation and differentiation, myogenesis, or ventral specification during development. Our analysis shows that it is necessary to study in greater depth the biological function of these factors and its participation in the assembly of specific transcription complexes that contribute to the differential gene expression that gives rise to the great diversity of cell types existing in an organism. The understanding of TAFs' regulation might lead to the development of new therapies for patients which suffer from mutations, alterations, and dysregulation of these essential elements of the transcriptional machinery.
Three‐dimensional body composition parameters using automatic volumetric segmentation allow accurate prediction of colorectal cancer outcomes
Authors: Bimurzayeva Aiya , Kim Min Jung , Ahn Jong‐Sung , Ku Ga Yoon , Moon Dokyoon , Choi Jinsun , Kim Hyo Jun , Lim Han‐Ki , Shin Rumi , Park Ji Won , Ryoo Seung‐Bum , Park Kyu Joo , Chung Han‐Jae , Kim Jong‐Min , Park Sang Joon , Jeong Seung‐Yong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundParameters obtained from two‐dimensional (2D) cross‐sectional images have been used to determine body composition. However, data from three‐dimensional (3D) volumetric body images reflect real body composition more accurately and may be better predictors of patient outcomes in cancer. This study aimed to assess the 3D parameters and determine the best predictive factors for patient prognosis.MethodsPatients who underwent surgery for colorectal cancer (CRC) between 2010 and 2016 were included in this study. Preoperative computed tomography images were analysed using an automatic segmentation program. Body composition parameters for muscle, muscle adiposity, subcutaneous fat (SF) and abdominal visceral fat (AVF) were assessed using 2D images at the third lumbar (L3) level and 3D images of the abdominal waist (L1–L5). The cut‐off points for each parameter were determined using X‐tile software. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to identify the association between the parameters and the treatment outcomes, and the relative influence of each parameter was compared using a gradient boosting model.ResultsOverall, 499 patients were included in the study. At a median follow‐up of 59 months, higher 3D parameters of the abdominal muscles and SF from the abdominal waist were found to be associated with longer overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (all P < 0.001). Although the 3D parameters of AVF were not related to survival outcomes, patients with a high AVF volume and mass experienced higher rate of postoperative complications than those with low AVF volume (27.4% vs. 18.7%, P = 0.021, for mass; 27.1% vs. 19.0%, P = 0.028, for volume). Low muscle mass and volume (hazard ratio [HR] 1.959, P = 0.016; HR 2.093, P = 0.036, respectively) and low SF mass and volume (HR 1.968, P = 0.008; HR 2.561, P = 0.003, respectively), both in the abdominal waist, were identified as independent prognostic factors for worse OS. Along with muscle mass and volume, SF mass and volume in the abdominal waist were negatively correlated with mortality (all P < 0.001). Both AVF mass and volume in the abdominal waist were positively correlated with postoperative complications (P < 0.05); 3D muscle volume and SF at the abdominal waist were the most influential factors for OS.Conclusions3D volumetric parameters generated using an automatic segmentation program showed higher correlations with the short‐ and long‐term outcomes of patients with CRC than conventional 2D parameters.
Uptake of extracellular vesicles into immune cells is enhanced by the protein corona
Authors: Dietz Laura , Oberländer Jennifer , Mateos‐Maroto Ana , Schunke Jenny , Fichter Michael , Krämer‐Albers Eva‐Maria , Landfester Katharina , Mailänder Volker 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe influence of a protein corona on the uptake of nanoparticles in cells has been demonstrated in various publications over the last years. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), can be seen as natural nanoparticles. However, EVs are produced under different cell culture conditions and little is known about the protein corona forming on EVs and its influence on their uptake by target cells. Here, we use a proteomic approach in order to analyze the protein composition of the EVs themselves and the protein composition of a human blood plasma protein corona around EVs. Moreover, we analyze the influence of the protein corona on EV uptake into human monocytes and compare it with the influence on the uptake of engineered liposomes. We show that the presence of a protein corona increases the uptake of EVs in human monocytes. While for liposomes this seems to be triggered by the presence of immunoglobulins in the protein corona, for EVs blocking the Fc receptors on monocytes did not show an influence of uptake. Therefore, other mechanisms of docking to the cell membrane and uptake are most like involved, demonstrating a clear difference between EVs and liposomes as technically produced nanocarriers.
Nucleic acid‐based electrochemical biosensor for detection of influenza B by gold nanoparticles
Authors: Yahyavi Isar , Edalat Fahime , Pirbonyeh Neda , Letafati Arash , Sattarahmady Naghmeh , Heli Hossein , Moattari Afagh 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe influenza virus is a pervasive pathogen that exhibits increased prevalence during colder seasons, resulting in a significant annual occurrence of infections. Notably, pharmaceutical interventions effective against influenza A strains often exhibit limited efficacy against influenza B variants. Against this backdrop, the need for innovative approaches to accurately and swiftly differentiate and detect influenza B becomes evident. Biosensors play a pivotal role in this detection process, offering rapid, specific, and sensitive identification of the virus, facilitating timely intervention and containment efforts. Oligonucleotide sequences targeting the conserved B/Victoria/2/87 influenza virus NP region were designed. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from patients suspected of influenza virus infection, and viral RNA was extracted. RNA quality was assessed through one‐step PCR. cDNA synthesis was performed using random hexamers, and real‐time PCR quantified the influenza genome. Gold nanoparticles were immobilized on a surface to immobilize the specific DNA probe, and electrochemical hybridization was electrochemically followed. The biosensor exhibited high selectivity and effective distinction of complementary sequences from mismatches and influenza virus cDNA genome. The biosensor successfully detected the influenza B virus genome in real samples. Non‐influenza samples yielded no significant hybridization signals. The comparison between the results obtained from the biosensor and real‐time PCR revealed full agreement of these methods. The biosensor utilized electrochemical detection of hybridization and proved effective in detecting the influenza B virus genome with high specificity, sensitivity, and selectivity. Comparative analysis with real‐time PCR underscored the accuracy and potential applicability of the biosensor in rapid and specific virus detection. This innovative approach holds promise for future diagnostic and epidemiological applications in detecting influenza B virus and other pathogens.