bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neonaticide: an appropriate application for therapeutic jurisprudence?
Authors: Schwartz Lita Linzer , Isser Natalie K. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMight therapeutic jurisprudence, a perspective that attempts to study interaction between the legal and mental health disciplines, be brought to bear effectively with respect to neonaticide, the murder of a newborn infant in the first 24 hours of its life? This is a crime that leads to sentencing that is now rarely therapeutic, rehabilitative, or corrective. An examination of the crime, its motives, and its perpetrators precedes a discussion of ways in which the mental health viewpoint in this matter might be brought to the active attention of the courts in order to promote sentencing that is appropriate to both the crime and the transgressor. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fractional factorial designs for legal psychology
Authors: Stolle Dennis P. , Robbennolt Jennifer K. , Patry Marc , Penrod Steven D. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractResearchers considering novel or exploratory psycholegal research are often able to easily generate a sizable list of independent variables (IVs) that might influence a measure of interest. Where the research question is novel and the literature is not developed, however, choosing from among a long list of potential variables those worthy of empirical investigation often presents a formidable task. Many researchers may feel compelled by legal psychology's heavy reliance on full‐factorial designs to narrow the IVs under investigation to two or three in order to avoid an expensive and unwieldy design involving numerous high‐order interactions. This article suggests that fractional factorial designs provide a reasonable alternative to full‐factorial designs in such circumstances because they allow the psycholegal researcher to examine the main effects of a large number of factors while disregarding high‐order interactions. An introduction to the logic of fractional factorial designs is provided and several examples from the social sciences are presented. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Domestic violence and child abuse: developing sensitive policies and guidance
Authors: Humphreys Catherine , Mullender Audrey , Lowe Pam , Hague Gill , Abrahams Hilary , Hester Marianne 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDomestic violence is everywhere and nowhere. No statutory organization or health service has work with either perpetrators or survivors of domestic violence (usually women and children) as the primary focus of their service, yet all agencies will have very significant numbers among their clients/service users. It is therefore crucial that the policy framework is developed both within and between agencies to address the need, and scope, of intervention in this area and particularly the impact on children. Currently, significant steps have been taken by some agencies in the UK to address this previously neglected issue, though the developments are patchy. This paper draws on a UK‐wide research study which mapped the extent and range of service provision for families where there is domestic violence and also developed a framework of good practice indicators for provision in this area. This article examines one of the indicators of good practice arising from the research—that of policy development—within social service departments and within the multi‐agency arena. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of mandatory notification training on the tendency to report hypothetical cases of child abuse and neglect
Authors: Hawkins Russell , McCallum Christy 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe objective of this study was to examine the effect of mandated notification training upon the tendency of individuals to report hypothetical cases of abuse and neglect. A second objective was to investigate the factors that influence the decision to report and to determine whether mandated notification training had an effect on these factors. Comparisons were drawn between a no training and a recent training group (with random allocation). An additional group of participants who had received training some time ago was included. Five hypothetical vignettes were responded to by 41 teachers and school personnel who had recently completed training, 31 people who had not completed training and 73 people who had completed training some years previously. Where the quality of evidence of abuse and thus suspicion of abuse was relatively high, there were no differences in the likelihood of reporting between trained and untrained participants, all of whom were very likely to report. Ambiguous evidence of abuse had a strong negative influence on reporting likelihood, although mandatory reporting training reduced this inhibition. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Supporting families with a mentally ill parent: European perspectives on interagency cooperation
Authors: Hetherington Rachael , Baistow Karen 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper reports on the findings of a cross‐country comparison of cooperation between services for community mental health and child protection in 11 states. The authors consider the implications of the findings for English practice. When children have a parent with mental health problems, they have needs over and above those of other children. Often these needs are met by the family, but this is not always possible. There are increasing numbers of these children, and they feature disproportionately in the case loads of child welfare professionals, health visitors and social workers. The cross‐country comparisons demonstrate the ways in which differences in structures, resources, expectations and attitudes affect professional responses and the experiences of families. The findings provide information on several levels. A comparison of commonalities and differences highlights the problems that are shared across countries, and alternative ways of responding to them at ground level are discussed. The factors that facilitate a good outcome are analysed in relation to English practice and service structures. The research findings are relevant for British social welfare strategies, and the paper highlights the implications of the findings for policy and practice. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The child abuse victim as a hostage: Scorpion's story
Authors: Mudaly Neerosh , Goddard Chris 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis case study is drawn from research in progress that seeks the views and perceptions of children and young people who have been abused about their experiences of victimization and subsequent interventions. The subject of the article is an adolescent boy who experienced extreme abuse by his mother's partner. The mother also suffered severe violence in the relationship, which the boy witnessed. The impact of the abuse has left this boy deeply disturbed and this has been confirmed in psychiatric assessments. The article is based on a research interview and presents this young person's descriptions of his experiences of abuse and his attempts to survive. The paper draws out the parallels between this boy's experiences as an abuse victim and those in a hostage situation. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of power and control in children's lives: an ecological analysis of pathways toward wellness, resilience and problems
Authors: Prilleltensky Isaac , Nelson Geoffrey , Peirson Leslea 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe literature on powerlessness, empowerment and control tends to be adult‐centric and psycho‐centric. It is adult‐centric in that most studies deal with the experience of powerlessness in adults or interpret children's realities from an adult point of view. At the same time, the literature is quite psycho‐centric in that it focuses on the emotional and cognitive dimensions of powerlessness, to the relative neglect of social and political power. The purpose of this article is to redress these biases and elucidate the role of power and control in pathways toward health, resilience and problems in children's lives. We define wellness as a satisfactory state of affairs, brought about by the acquisition and development of material and psychological resources, participation and self‐determination, competence and self‐efficacy. Power and control are defined as opportunities afforded by social, community, and family environments to develop these three dimensions of health and wellness. We highlight basic research which describes pathways toward wellness, resilience, and problems in life, as well as applied research on promising interventions to improve children's health and wellness. This literature is interpreted in terms of our conceptual framework that links power/control and wellness through the three dimensions that we have proposed. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Self‐evaluation and social comparison amongst adolescents with learning difficulties
Authors: Crabtree Jason , Rutland Adam 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTwo studies are presented which examine self‐evaluation in adolescents with learning difficulties and how these adolescents strategically protect their self‐concept through the use of social comparison. Study one involved 145 adolescents with learning difficulties and the same number of non‐disabled adolescents aged between 11 to 16 years. All adolescents completed Harter's ‘Self Perception Profile for Children’ (SPPC). No significant overall differences were found between the self‐evaluations of the adolescents with learning difficulties and non‐disabled adolescents. In addition, adolescents with learning difficulties strategically devalued less favourable comparison dimensions and valued more positive comparison attributes. Study two utilized a four condition between‐groups design with a sample of 68 adolescents with learning difficulties. All participants completed the SPPC, but the availability of a social comparison group was systematically varied between conditions. The self‐evaluations made by adolescents changed significantly when the social comparison group made available was altered. The findings are discussed with regard to their theoretical implications and in terms of inclusion policies for adolescents with learning difficulties. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Monoamine oxidase A and B activities in embryonic chick hepatocytes: differential regulation by retinoic acid
Authors: Nicotra Antonietta , Falasca Laura , Senatori Ornella , Conti Devirgiliis Laura 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMonoamine oxidases (MAOs) A and B are two isoenzymes involved in the degradation of many biological amines in the nervous system and in peripheral organs. In the present work hepatocytes isolated from 14‐day‐old chick embryos were used as a model system to determine whether retinoic acid (RA) is capable of modulating the activity of the two MAO forms. RA is a retinoid that, by binding with nuclear receptors, interferes with the expression of specific genes in many differentiation processes. Enzymic activity was measured with a radiochemical method using serotonin and β‐phenylethylamine as preferential substrates for MAO A and MAO B, respectively. The specific activity of the two forms was measured in hepatocytes cultured for 24, 48 and 72 h in the presence and the absence of serum. RA stimulated MAO B but not MAO A activity, in a dose‐ and time‐dependent way, and only in the presence of serum. Maximum stimulation (about 3.5‐fold) was obtained after treatment with 5 μM RA for 72 h. Kinetic analysis of MAO B activity showed an increase in Vmax in treated hepatocytes (5 μM RA for 72 h) with no change in Km. In conclusion, the present work shows that RA selectively elicits MAO B activity in cultured chick embryonic hepatocytes, this stimulation requires the presence of some factors present in the serum and is probably due to an increase in the number of enzyme molecules. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of thymoquinone on antioxidant enzyme activities, lipid peroxidation and DT‐diaphorase in different tissues of mice: a possible mechanism of action
Authors: Mansour Mahmoud A. , Nagi Mahmoud N. , El‐Khatib Aiman S. , Al‐Bekairi Abdullah M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe present investigation focused, firstly, on the effects of oral administration of thymoquinone (TQ) on antioxidant enzyme activities, lipid peroxidation and DT‐diaphorase activity in hepatic, cardiac and kidney tissues of normal mice. Superoxide dismutase (SOD; E.C:1.15.1.1), catalase (CAT; E.C:1.11.1.6), glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px; E.C:1.11.1.9), glutathione‐S‐transferase (GST; E.C:2.5.1.18), and DT‐diaphorase (E.C:1.6.99.2) enzyme activities in each tissue type were determined. Treatment of mice with the different doses of TQ (25, 50 and 100 mg kg−1 day−1 orally) for 5 successive days, produced significant reductions in hepatic SOD, CAT and GSH‐Px activities. In addition cardiac SOD activity was markedly inhibited with the higher doses of TQ, (namely 50 and 100 mg kg−1). Moreover, TQ (100 mg kg−1) significantly reduced hepatic and cardiac lipid peroxidation as compared with the respective control group. Conversely, TQ (50,100 mg kg−1) and TQ (100 mg kg−1) enhanced cardiac and renal DT‐diaphorase activity respectively. However, the selected doses of TQ neither produced any change in GST activity nor influenced reduced glutathione content in all tissues studied. TQ was tested, secondly, as a substrate for hepatic, cardiac and renal DT‐diaphorase of normal mice in the presence of NADPH. Kinetic parameters for the reduction of TQ to dihydrothymoquinone (DHTQ) indicated that DT‐diaphorase of different tissues can efficiently reduce TQ to DHTQ. Km and Vmax values revealed that hepatic DT‐diaphorase exhibited the higher values, while the lower values were associated with renal DT‐diaphorase. TQ and DHTQ were tested, thirdly, as specific scavengers for superoxide anion (generated biochemically) or as general scavengers for free radicals (generated photochemically). The results revealed that TQ and DHTQ acted not only as superoxide anion scavengers but also as general free radical scavengers. The IC50 for TQ and DHTQ in biochemical and photochemical assays were in the nanomolar and micromolar range respectively. Our data may explain at least partly the reported beneficial in vivo protective effects of TQ through the combined antioxidant properties of TQ and its metabolite DHTQ. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Successful percutaneous coronary intervention with stent implantation in anomalous right coronary arteries arising from the left sinus of valsalva: A report of two cases
Authors: Cohen Mauricio G. , Tolleson Thaddeus R. , Peter Robert H. , Harrison J. Kevin , Sketch Michael H. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPercutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in an anomalous right coronary artery arising from the left sinus of valsalva can be technically challenging because of difficulty in selectively cannulating the vessel. We present two cases of successful stent implantation in an anomalous right coronary artery arising from the left sinus of valsalva. In both cases, we used an oversized 6 Fr Judkins left guiding catheter, which provided excellent angiographic visualization and guide support for stent delivery. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;55:105–108. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Carotid and cerebral angiography performed by cardiologists: Cerebrovascular complications
Authors: Fayed Akram M. , White Christopher J. , Ramee Stephen R. , Jenkins J. Stephen , Collins Tyrone J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe management of extracranial carotid artery disease is primarily concerned with the prevention of acute stroke. In order to understand the current risks of carotid angiography performed by interventional cardiologists, we undertook a retrospective study to determine the neurologic complications in patients who underwent selective cerebral angiography. All patients undergoing studies that were limited to diagnostic aortic arch angiography and selective four‐vessel cerebral angiography in the cardiac catheterization laboratories during the past 6 years were included in this study. Hospital records were reviewed to determine any in‐hospital cerebrovascular complications following carotid angiography, ranging from transient ischemic attack to major disabling stroke or death. A total of 189 consecutive patients underwent 191 diagnostic studies limited to aortic arch and four‐vessel cerebral angiography in the cardiac catheterization laboratories between 1 January 1995 and 31 December 2000. Only one (0.52%) neurological complication, a minor stroke, occurred in our study population. There were no transient ischemic attacks, major strokes, or death. We have shown that experienced interventional cardiologists can perform diagnostic aortic arch and selective carotid and vertebral angiography in a cardiac catheterization laboratory with a very low complication rate. Because the risks of angiography add to those of revascularization of the carotid artery, the most highly skilled angiographer, regardless of primary specialty, should perform these studies. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;55:277–280. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mini‐invasive strategy in acute coronary syndromes: Direct coronary stenting using 5 Fr guiding catheters and transradial approach
Authors: Hamon Martial , Sabatier Rémi , Zhao Quanming , Niculescu Rodica , Valette Benoît , Grollier Gilles 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility and safety of direct coronary stenting in acute coronary syndromes using 5 Fr guiding catheters by transradial approach. A series of 119 patients with an acute coronary syndrome (unstable angina, n = 55; acute myocardial infarction, n = 45; recent acute myocardial infarction, n = 19) explored by transradial approach and eligible for direct stenting were included. A large proportion of patients (52%) was treated during the procedure by platelet IIb/IIIa receptor blockade. Only Medtronic 5 Fr guiding catheters were used in this study. Direct coronary stenting was attempted in all 119 highly selected patients. Failure of direct stenting was observed in only five cases (3.9%) and the stent successfully retrieved in each case in the 5 Fr guiding catheter. In these five cases, balloon predilation was performed and then the stent implanted successfully. Different stents were used: ACS stent (54%), AVE stent (33%), Velocity stent (10%), Nir stent (3%), with diameter ranging from 2.5 to 4 mm. In four cases, the dilation was finally performed using 6 Fr guiding catheters because the backup of the 5 Fr catheter was considered to be too low (3%). No vascular access site complications occurred in this series of patients. We conclude that direct coronary stenting using transradial approach and 5 Fr guiding catheters yields excellent procedural success rate. In the setting of acute coronary syndromes requiring platelet IIb/IIIa receptor blockade or after failure of thrombolysis, this mini‐invasive strategy is very attractive because of the low risk of access site complications. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;55:340–343. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lepirudin as a safe alternative for effective anticoagulation in patients with known heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: Case reports
Authors: Manfredi Joseph A. , Wall Rivers P. , Sane David C. , Braden Gregory A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractHeparin‐induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a well‐documented complication of heparin anticoagulation therapy. Heparin's frequent use in the cardiovascular population poses a significant challenge for managing patients with HIT in need of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We describe four patients with HIT who successfully underwent PCI without thrombotic or hemorrhagic complications while on lepirudin. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2001;52:468–472. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Early clinical experience with the 6 French Angio‐Seal™ device: Immediate closure of femoral puncture sites after diagnostic and interventional coronary procedures
Authors: Eggebrecht Holger , Haude Michael , von Birgelen Clemens , Woertgen Uta , Schmermund Axel , Baumgart Dietrich , Kaiser Christoph , Naber Christoph K. , Kroeger Knut , Erbel Raimund 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe objective of this study was to assess the early safety and efficacy of the novel 6 Fr Angio‐Seal device for routine clinical use after diagnostic cardiac catheterization and coronary angioplasty. In a prospective study, we used the 6 Fr Angio‐Seal™ device in 180 consecutive patients (131 male, 49 female, mean age 60.7 years) for closure of femoral arterial puncture sites immediately after diagnostic (n = 108) or interventional (n = 72) coronary procedures independent of the coagulation status. All patients were monitored for 24 hr after the procedure and followed for 30 days. The closure device was successfully deployed in 95.4% after diagnostic catheterization versus 98.6% after coronary angioplasty (P = 0.963). Immediate hemostasis was achieved in 91.5% versus 90.1% of the patients (P = 0.993). Major complications were observed 1.9% versus 2.8% of the patients (P = 0.885). During 30‐day follow‐up, no late events or complications were reported. The 6 Fr Angio‐Seal™ device is a safe and effective device that allows for immediate closure of femoral puncture sites after both diagnostic and interventional procedures with a low rate of major complications. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2001;53:437–442. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Direct coronary stenting: Effect on coronary blood flow, immediate and late clinical results
Authors: Capozzolo Claudia , Piscione Federico , De Luca Giuseppe , Cioppa Angelo , Mazzarotto Pietro , Leosco Dario , Golino Paolo , Indolfi Ciro , Chiariello Massimo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDirect stenting (DS) was attempted in 99 coronary lesions in 94 patients while standard stenting (SS) was attempted in 113 lesions in 103 patients matched for clinical characteristics, stenosis type, and location and stent type. The angiographic result was also evaluated according to TIMI frame count method (TFC) before and after procedure. A clinical follow‐up was performed 1 year after the procedure. Before the procedure, TIMI grade 3 flow was detected in 42 cases (42.4%), grade 2 in 40 cases (40.4%), grade 1 in 5 cases (5.1%), and grade 0 in 12 cases (12.1%) in the DS group; these data were similar in SS group. After the procedure, TIMI grade flow was 3 in 90 cases (92.8%) in DS group and in 87 (77.0%) in SS group (P < 0.005); grade 2 was observed in 7 case (7.2%) in DS group and in 25 (22.1%) in SS group (P < 0.005). Major adverse cardiac events during hospitalization and at follow‐up were similar in two groups. Radiation exposure time and procedure costs per lesion were significantly reduced in DS group compared to SS group (10.1 ± 8 min vs. 13.9 ± 4.7 min, P < 0.001; and 1901 ± 687 Euro vs. 2352 ± 743 Euro, P < 0.001, respectively). This study confirms that, in selected patients, direct stenting is a safe and successful procedure, allowing a significant reduction in radiation exposure time and procedural costs compared to standard stenting technique. The angiographic success is confirmed by the improvement in TFC in all cases. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2001;53:464–473. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.