bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How sequence alterations enhance the stability and delay expansion of DNA triplet repeat domains
Authors: Völker Jens , Breslauer Kenneth J. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
DNA sequence alterations within DNA repeat domains inexplicably enhance the stability and delay the expansion of interrupted repeat domains. Here we propose mechanisms that rationalise such unanticipated outcomes. Specifically, we describe how interruption of a DNA repeat domain restricts the ensemble space available to dynamic, slip out, repeat bulge loops by introducing energetic barriers to loop migration. We explain how such barriers arise because some possible loop isomers result in energetically costly mismatches in the duplex portion of the repeat domain. We propose that the reduced ensemble space is the causative feature for the observed delay in repeat DNA expansion. We further posit that the observed loss of the interrupting repeat in some expanded DNAs reflects the transient occupation of loop isomer positions that result in a mismatch in the duplex stem due to ‘leakiness’ in the energy barrier. We propose that if the lifetime of such a low probability event allows for recognition by the mismatch repair system, then ‘repair’ of the repeat interruption can occur; thereby rationalising the absence of the interruption in the final expanded DNA ‘product.’ Our proposed mechanistic pathways provide reasoned explanations for what have been described as ‘puzzling’ observations, while also yielding insights into a biomedically important set of coupled genotypic phenomena that map the linkage between DNA origami thermodynamics and phenotypic disease states.
AN EFFECTIVE BOUND FOR GENERALISED DIOPHANTINEm-TUPLES
Authors: BHATTACHARJEE SAUNAK , DIXIT ANUP B. , SAIKIA DISHANT 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFor$k\geq 2$and a nonzero integern, a generalised Diophantinem-tuple with property$D_k(n)$is a set ofmpositive integers$S = \{a_1,a_2,\ldots , a_m\}$such that$a_ia_j + n$is akth power for$1\leq i< j\leq m$. Define$M_k(n):= \text {sup}\{|S| : S$having property$D_k(n)\}$. Dixitet al. [‘Generalised Diophantinem-tuples’,Proc. Amer. Math. Soc.150(4) (2022), 1455–1465] proved that$M_k(n)=O(\log n)$, for a fixedk, asnvaries. In this paper, we obtain effective upper bounds on$M_k(n)$. In particular, we show that for$k\geq 2$,$M_k(n) \leq 3\,\phi (k) \log n$ifnis sufficiently large compared tok.
“Une pièce d’étoffe que nous aurons à faire”: Louis Riel's Utopia: Between Prophecy and Politics
Authors: Barter Moulaison Luc 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis article offers a re-evaluation of Louis Riel's political, philosophical and religious writings by reconstructing these writings along utopian lines. In so doing, it supplements the existing literature on Riel's writings that tends to see Riel as either a prophetic figure or a practical man of action, but rarely, if ever, both. In its reconstruction of Riel's utopian vision, this article focuses on three aspects of his writings. First, it addresses his critical conception of Métis self-government before Confederation. Second, it examines his proposals for the overthrow of what he perceived as Anglo-Canadian tyranny in the North-West. Third, it considers his visions of an ideal—that is, utopian—society in the North-West. The article concludes by examining the implications of this reading of Riel's utopian vision for his legacy in Canadian political science.
Genotype–environment interplay in associations between maternal drinking and offspring emotional and behavioral problems
Authors: Hannigan Laurie John , Lund Ingunn Olea , Dahl Askelund Adrian , Ystrom Eivind , Corfield Elizabeth C. , Ask Helga , Havdahl Alexandra 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
While maternal at-risk drinking is associated with children's emotional and behavioral problems, there is a paucity of research that properly accounts for genetic confounding and gene–environment interplay. Therefore, it remains uncertain what mechanisms underlie these associations. We assess the moderation of associations between maternal at-risk drinking and childhood emotional and behavioral problems by common genetic variants linked to environmental sensitivity (genotype-by-environment [G × E] interaction) while accounting for shared genetic risk between mothers and offspring (GE correlation).

Methods
We use data from 109 727 children born to 90 873 mothers enrolled in the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study. Women self-reported alcohol consumption and reported emotional and behavioral problems when children were 1.5/3/5 years old. We included child polygenic scores (PGSs) for traits linked to environmental sensitivity as moderators.

Results
Associations between maternal drinking and child emotional (β1 = 0.04 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.03–0.05]) and behavioral (β1 = 0.07 [0.06–0.08]) outcomes attenuated after controlling for measured confounders and were almost zero when we accounted for unmeasured confounding (emotional: β1 = 0.01 [0.00–0.02]; behavioral: β1 = 0.01 [0.00–0.02]). We observed no moderation of these adjusted exposure effects by any of the PGS.

Conclusions
The lack of strong evidence for G × E interaction may indicate that the mechanism is not implicated in this kind of intergenerational association. It may also reflect insufficient power or the relatively benign nature of the exposure in this sample.
The validation crisis in the L2 motivational self system tradition
Authors: Al-Hoorie Ali H. , Hiver Phil , In’nami Yo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractConcerns have recently been raised about the validity of scales used in the L2 motivational self system tradition, particularly in relation to sufficient discriminant validity among some of its scales. These concerns highlight the need to systematically examine the validity of scales used in this tradition. In this study, we therefore compiled a list of 18 scales in widespread use and administered them to Korean learners of English (N = 384). Testing the factorial structure of these scales using multiple exploratory and confirmatory factor-analytic criteria revealed severe discriminant validity issues. For example, the ideal L2 self was not discriminant from linguistic self-confidence, suggesting that participant responses to such ideal L2 self items is not driven by actual–ideal discrepancies as previously presumed but more likely by self-efficacy beliefs. We discuss these results in the context of the need to encourage systematic psychometric validation research in the language motivation field.
Mapping the predictive role of MLAT subtests for L2 achievement through regression commonality analysis
Authors: Dale Philip S. , Sparks Richard L. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDespite the widespread use and effectiveness of the Modern Language Aptitude Test (MLAT) composite score in predicting individual differences in L2 achievement and proficiency, there has been little examination of MLAT subtests, although they have potential for illuminating components of L2 aptitude and the mechanism of prediction. Here we use regression commonality analysis to decompose the predictive variance from the MLAT into unique components for each subtest alone and for each possible combination of subtests (duos, trios, etc.) that may have shared variance. The results, from a longitudinal study of 307 U.S. secondary students during 2 years of Spanish learning, provide strong evidence for the role of literacy-related skills in all subtests and in predicting all L2 outcomes. These and other results support a view of L1 literacy and language skills leading to metalinguistic development, which in turn leads to stronger L2 aptitude and achievement.
Anaphoriques en première mention : « Épiphénomène », ou modèle pour le fonctionnement de l’anaphore ?
Authors: Cornish Francis 
Published: November 2023

RÉSUMÉDeux manifestations d’anaphoriques fonctionnant « sans antécédent » (l’exophore et l’anaphore indirecte) sont analysées afin de mettre en évidence le fonctionnement véritable de l’anaphore. Nous verrons ainsi la manière dont ceux-ci réalisent une référence dépendante, non par le biais d’un élément particulier de leur co-texte (un « antécédent » conventionnel), mais plutôt en fonction d’une représentation discursive déjà installée en mémoire de travail. Celle-ci aura été évoquée dans l’interaction par les participants dans un événement communicatif, et sera supposée saillante au moment du renvoi.Seront examinées dans ce sens les contributions des valeurs de genre portées par des pronoms anaphoriques, les propriétés intrinsèques de ceux-ci, la pertinence des « noms de base » pour les pronoms employés ainsi, puis le rôle de la prédication « hôte » dans son ensemble. Ainsi « libérés » de la contrainte d’une mise en relation préalable avec un « antécédent » textuel, leur contribution à la gestion et à l’évolution du discours sera plus aisément perceptible.
Measuring dissociation across adolescence and adulthood: developing the short-form Černis Felt Sense of Anomaly scale (ČEFSA-14)
Authors: Černis Emma , Loe Bao S. , Lofthouse Katie , Waite Polly , Molodynski Andrew , Ehlers Anke , Freeman Daniel 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackground:Dissociation may be important across many mental health disorders, but has been variously conceptualised and measured. We introduced a conceptualisation of a common type of dissociative experience, ‘felt sense of anomaly’ (FSA), and developed a corresponding measure, the Černis Felt Sense of Anomaly (ČEFSA) scale.Aims:We aimed to develop a short-form version of the ČEFSA that is valid for adolescent and adult respondents.Method:Data were collected from 1031 adult NHS patients with psychosis and 932 adult and 1233 adolescent non-clinical online survey respondents. Local structural equation modelling (LSEM) was used to establish measurement invariance of items across the age range. Ant colony optimisation (ACO) was used to produce a 14-item short-form measure. Finally, the expected test score function derived from item response theory modelling guided the establishment of interpretive scoring ranges.Results:LSEM indicated 25 items of the original 35-item ČEFSA were age invariant. They were also invariant across gender and clinical status. ACO of these items produced a 14-item short-form (ČEFSA-14) with excellent psychometric properties (CFI=0.992; TLI=0.987; RMSEA=0.034; SRMR=0.017; Cronbach’s alpha=0.92). Score ranges were established based on the expected test scores at approximately 0.7, 1.25 and 2.0 theta (equivalent to standard deviations above the mean). Scores of 29 and above may indicate elevated levels of FSA-dissociation.Conclusions:The ČEFSA-14 is a psychometrically valid measure of FSA-dissociation for adolescents and adults. It can be used with clinical and non-clinical respondents. It could be used by clinicians as an initial tool to explore dissociation with their clients.
Dual modality feeders: a group of human milk feeders with unique practices and needs
Authors: Kholina Ksenia , Brady Jennifer , Snelgrove-Clarke Erna , Rossiter Melissa D , Whitfield Kyly C 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjective:Dual modality feeding (DMF) – feeding human milk interchangeably from the breast and from a bottle – comes with unique practical, emotional and relational challenges, as well as support needs. Yet, there is little research that explores the experiences of individuals who use DMF in the Canadian context. The aim of this study is to explore the practices, challenges, reasons and enablers of DMF.Design:Repeat, semi-structured one-on-one interviews were conducted at 8 weeks and 22 weeks postpartum. Interview transcripts were thematically analysed using a critical feminist lens.Setting:Nova Scotia, Canada.Participants:Ten DMF mothers.Results:DMF practices were influenced by a mix of social and material circumstances, including breast-feeding challenges, the involvement of support persons, finances and access to lactation support. Individuals who predominantly fed at the breast expressed milk strategically to mitigate transitory breast-feeding challenges, for convenience under specific circumstances, and to share feeding responsibilities with other caregivers for personal and practical reasons. Individuals who mainly bottle-fed did so due to long-term breast-feeding challenges or a need to return to employment. Enablers of successful DMF were consistent between the two groups and included practical, personal and relational aspects.Conclusions:DMF is a unique practice compared to feeding human milk solely from the breast or bottle. Despite the potential growing prevalence of DMF, it is currently understudied and inadequately addressed in existing support programmes in Nova Scotia. Tailored programming and public messaging are needed to support DMF families.
Ultra-processing markers are more prevalent in plant-based meat products as compared to their meat-based counterparts in a German food market analysis
Authors: Metz Kemja-Maria , Neumann Nathalie Judith , Fasshauer Mathias 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjective:To compare ultra-processing markers and nutrient composition in plant-based meat products (PBMP) with equivalent meat-based products (MBP).Design:A total of 282 PBMP and 149 MBP within 18 product categories were assessed. Based on the NOVA classification, 33 ultra-processing markers were identified and six ultra-processing bullet categories were defined, that is flavour, flavour enhancer, sweetener, colour, other cosmetic additives and non-culinary ingredients. The ingredient lists were analysed concerning these ultra-processing markers and ultra-processing bullet categories, as well as nutrient composition, for all PBMP and MBP. Differences between PBMP and MBP were assessed using chi-square and Mann-Whitney U tests, respectively.Setting:Cross-sectional analysis.Participants:282 PBMP and 149 MBP.Results:The percentage of ultra-processed food (UPF) items was significantly higher in PBMP (88 %) as compared to MBP (52 %) (P < 0·0001). The proportion of UPF items was numerically higher in 15 out of 18 product categories with differences in six categories reaching statistical significance (P < 0·05). Flavour, flavour enhancer, colour, other cosmetic additives and non-culinary ingredients were significantly more prevalent in PBMP as compared to MBP (P < 0·0001). Concerning nutrient composition, median energy, total fat, saturated fat and protein content were significantly lower, whereas the amounts of carbohydrate, sugar, fibre and salt were significantly higher in PBMP (P < 0·05).Conclusions:Ultra-processing markers are significantly more prevalent in PBMP as compared to MBP. Since UPF intake has been convincingly linked to metabolic and CVD, substituting MBP with PBMP might have negative net health effects.
FLUTE: A Python GUI for interactive phasor analysis of FLIM data
Authors: Gottlieb Dale , Asadipour Bahar , Kostina Polina , Ung Thi Phuong Lien , Stringari Chiara 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) is a powerful technique used to probe the local environment of fluorophores. The fit-free phasor approach to FLIM data is increasingly being used due to its ease of interpretation. To date, no open-source graphical user interface (GUI) for phasor analysis of FLIM data is available in Python, thus limiting the widespread use of phasor analysis in biomedical research. Here, we present Fluorescence Lifetime Ultimate Explorer (FLUTE), a Python GUI that is designed to fill this gap. FLUTE simplifies and automates many aspects of the analysis of FLIM data acquired in the time domain, such as calibrating the FLIM data, performing interactive exploration of the phasor plot, displaying phasor plots and FLIM images with different lifetime contrasts simultaneously, and calculating the distance from known molecular species. After applying desired filters and thresholds, the final edited datasets can be exported for further user-specific analysis. FLUTE has been tested using several FLIM datasets including autofluorescence of zebrafish embryos and in vitro cells. In summary, our user-friendly GUI extends the advantages of phasor plotting by making the data visualization and analysis easy and interactive, allows for analysis of large FLIM datasets, and accelerates FLIM analysis for non-specialized labs.
Validating Finescale Parameterizations for the Eastern Arctic Ocean Internal Wave Field
Authors: Baumann Till M. , Fer Ilker , Schulz Kirstin , Mohrholz Volker 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn the Arctic Ocean, vertical transport of heat by turbulent mixing is ultimately coupled to the sea‐ice cover, with immediate and far‐reaching impacts on the climate and ecosystem. Unfortunately, direct observations of mixing are difficult, expensive and sparse. Finescale Parameterization (FS) of turbulent energy dissipation rate (ɛ) allows for the quantification of turbulence from breaking internal waves using standard measurements, such as profiles of hydrography and velocity. While FS proved to be reliable in mid‐latitudes, the Arctic Ocean internal wave field is distinct in terms of composition and energy level, rendering the applicability of FS uncertain. To test FS in a wide range of eastern Arctic conditions, we compiled data from eight cruises. All profiles used to calculate FS were collocated with in‐situ measurements of ɛ obtained from microstructure profilers. FS was applied between 50 and 450 m below the surface. Results show a satisfactory performance of FS, with 84% of FS‐derived ɛ being within a factor of 5 to observations. This improved to 90% when using lower‐noise velocity profiles of lowered current meters instead of ship‐mounted current meters. In our data, FS performance is independent of the shear‐strain ratio (Rω) and internal wave field bandwidth (N/f), but there is evidence that highly stratified environments with large potential energy, low turbulence and substantially non‐white shear spectra are less suitable for FS. A widely used formulation of FS using only hydrography and a prescribed Rω = 7 results in 73% of FS estimates being within a factor of 5 to observations.
Global Mapping of Potential and Climatic Plant‐Available Soil Water
Authors: Gupta Surya , Lehmann Peter , Bickel Samuel , Bonetti Sara , Or Dani 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe estimation of plant‐available soil water (PASW) is essential to quantify transpiration fluxes, the onset of heatwaves, irrigation water management, land‐use decisions, vegetation ecology, and land surface memory in climate models. PASW is the amount of stored water available for plant use. It is broadly defined as the difference between soil water content at field capacity (FC) and wilting point (WP) in the root zone. The limiting states of FC and WP are linked to gravitational drainage and plant physiology and are often deduced from soil water characteristics at prescribed matric potentials (−3.3 and −150 m for FC and WP, respectively). Evidence suggests that static definition of FC at a constant matric potential ignores dynamic effects on FC attainment affected by soil and climate. Here, we revise the definition of PASW by considering (a) soil‐specific dynamic effects and (b) local climate effects of evaporation and rainfall frequency on PASW. The new global PASW maps benefit from state‐of‐the‐art soil maps, water characteristic parameterization, and incorporation of dynamic definition of FC. For completeness we provide static and dynamic PASW estimates. Globally, ice‐free soils store up to 19,941 km3 of water in the top 1 m (representing 18% of annual terrestrial precipitation). Adjusted for local climatic conditions, global PASW storage rarely exceeds 14,853 km3 per year highlighting the need for multiple refilling of soil profiles. Differences between potential and climatic PASW are manifested primarily in arid regions (where soil profiles are rarely filled to capacity) whereas in humid regions differences in PASW storage are minor.
Seafloor Investigations of the Kemp Caldera, the Southernmost Arc Caldera Volcano From the South Sandwich Island Arc
Authors: Kürzinger Victoria , Römer Miriam , Lichtschlag Anna , Bohrmann Gerhard 
Published: November 2023

AbstractKemp Caldera, situated in the south of the intra‐oceanic South Sandwich arc, is one of the least explored submarine calderas that hosts hydrothermally active vent sites. The caldera was discovered in 2009. Since then, the focus has been primarily on biological studies. During the R/V Polarstern cruise PS119 in 2019, we gained new insights into the morphology, petrology and the formation of the Kemp Caldera. The ship's multibeam data provide an overview of the caldera bathymetry and backscatter characteristics. The new data revealed that the caldera is nested with two or possibly three concentric calderas. TV‐sled and remotely operated vehicle (ROV) observations provide detailed visual data for the hydrothermally active sites of the vent field at the central resurgent cone and flare site at the NNW caldera rim. The central vent field is dominated by white smokers, where clams, sponges and other fauna thrive, while at the flare site inactive as well as actively venting chimneys have been found. The latter are characterized by metal‐enriched fluids of temperatures ≥200°C. During ROV dives, rock samples were collected from the cone, providing the first information about the Kemp Caldera rock composition. The caldera rocks are dacitic, in contrast to the basalts and andesites of the neighboring Kemp Seamount. This suggests that the dacitic cone was formed by one or more later eruptions of differentiated magma, probably stored in shallow intrusions which are driving hydrothermal activity.
Coral Reveals a Transition in Sources of Seawater Vanadium From Submarine Groundwater Discharge to Upwelling in the Northern South China Sea
Authors: Guo Ning , Jiang Wei , Yu Kefu , Zhao Jian‐xin , Song Yinxian , Feng Yue‐xing , Han Yansong , Gu Tingwu 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn recent decades, vanadium (V) levels in the environment have dramatically increased and will continue to rise alarmingly in the future. Conventional methods for assessing oceanic V typically only involved the collection of seawater and sediments, which significantly limited our understanding of the dynamics of oceanic V and its relationship to environment and climate. Here, the interannual temporal variations in surface seawater V levels in the northern South China Sea, were reconstructed utilizing a 137‐year record of V/Ca ratios from Porites lutea coral from Xiaodonghai Bay off Sanya. We observed that anthropogenic activities had a limited impact on the V levels of surface seawater in the study area, whereas V variability exhibited significant disparities across different time periods. Precipitation‐related submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) recharge was the primary driver of V variation prior to 1990, with tropical cyclones (TCs) playing a detectable role in total precipitation during this period. Conversely, changes in surface seawater V levels after 1990 were predominantly linked to increasingly intense upwelling driven by summer winds. The recharge processes in unconfined groundwater systems within the study area might generate favorable oxic and alkaline conditions, which facilitated mineral dissolution and/or desorption reactions that elevated V concentrations along the groundwater flow path, which were recorded in coral skeletal V/Ca ratios. This study confirmed the seawater V was dominated by SGD and upwelling near Sanya, providing essential evidence for comprehending the geochemical behavior of V and the impact of ocean‐atmospheric climate interactions on long‐term variations in seawater V levels.