bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
C‐isotope composition of CO2 respired by shoots and roots: fractionation during dark respiration?
Authors: KLUMPP K. , SCHÄUFELE R. , LÖTSCHER M. , LATTANZI F. A. , FENEIS W. , SCHNYDER H. 
Published: January 2005

ABSTRACTThe CO2 respired by leaves is 13C‐enriched relative to leaf biomass and putative respiratory substrates (Ghashghaie et al., Phytochemistry Reviews 2, 145–161, 2003), but how this relates to the 13C content of root, or whole plant respiratory CO2 is unknown. The C isotope composition of respiratory CO2 (δR) from shoots and roots of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) growing in a range of conditions was analysed. In all instances plants were grown in controlled environments with CO2 of constant concentration and δ13C. Respiration of roots and shoots of individual plants was measured with an open CO2 exchange system interfaced with a mass spectrometer. Respiratory CO2 from shoots was always 13C‐enriched relative to that of roots. Conversely, shoot biomass was always 13C‐depleted relative to root biomass. The δ‐difference between shoot and root respiratory CO2 was variable, and negatively correlated with the δ‐difference between shoot and root biomass (r2 = 0.52, P = 0.023), suggesting isotope effects during biosynthesis. 13C discrimination in respiration (R) of shoots, roots and whole plants (eShoot, eRoot, ePlant) was assessed as e = (δSubstrate − δR)/(1 + δR/1000), where root and shoot substrate is defined as imported C, and plant substrate is total photosynthate. Estimates were obtained from C isotope balances of shoots, roots and whole plants of sunflower and alfalfa using growth and respiration data collected at intervals of 1 to 2 weeks. eplant and eShoot differed significantly from zero. eplant ranged between −0.4 and −0.9‰, whereas eShoot was much greater (−0.6 to −1.9‰). eRoot was not significantly different from zero. The present results help to resolve the apparent conflict between leaf‐ and ecosystem‐level 13C discrimination in respiration.
Exogenously applied sulphate as a tool to investigate transport and reduction of chromate in the duckweed Spirodela polyrhiza
Authors: KASZYCKI P. , GABRYŚ H. , APPENROTH K.‐J. , JAGLARZ A. , SEDZIWY S. , WALCZAK T. , KOLOCZEK H. 
Published: January 2005

ABSTRACTThe accumulation of chromium in Spirodela polyrhiza was investigated in the presence and absence of exogenously applied sulphate. Precultivation (10 d) at minimum sulphate concentration (0.013 m m versus 1 m m in controls) enhanced the rate of chromium accumulation. This effect was caused by the increased number of sulphate transporters which transport chromate into cells. Chromate and sulphate compete for the available sulphate transporters. The kinetics of reduction Cr(VI)→Cr(V) was investigated by l‐band electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. The kinetic model developed previously (Appenroth et al., Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry 78, 235–242, 2000) was refined and extended to include chromate transport and reduction in the presence of competing ions. The following conclusions were drawn from the fitting procedure: without simultaneously applied sulphate, the rate constant of Cr(VI) transport from apoplast into plant cells and the rate constant of Cr(VI) to Cr(V) reduction within the apoplast are comparable (7.0 versus 5.7 h−1) demonstrating that these two processes are competing. Moreover, the rate constant of reduction Cr(V)→Cr(III) is much lower within cells than in apoplast (0.39 versus 7.0 h−1) showing that Cr(V) is stabilized in the symplast. The rate of transport of Cr(VI) into plant cells is at least one order of magnitude higher than that of Cr(V) or Cr(III). The treatment with sulphate (10 m m) decreases the rate constant of the transport of Cr(VI) into cells (2.0 h−1) confirming the competition of chromate and sulphate for the same transporters. Simultaneously, the rate constant of Cr(V)→Cr(III) reduction is increased in the apoplast (by the factor of 3) and decreased in the symplast (by the factor of 5). Treatment with higher sulphate concentrations (100 m m) increases the accumulation of chromium by enhancing the rate constant of Cr(VI) transport into cells leaving other processes essentially unchanged. We suggest that 100 m m sulphate opens a new pathway for chromate transport into cells.
Intermittent oral cyclosporin for recurrent herpes simplex‐associated erythema multiforme
Authors: Bakis Sophie , Zagarella Samuel 
Published: January 2005

SUMMARYRecurrent erythema multiforme is one of three distinct clinical subtypes of erythema multiforme. We present a 42‐year‐old man with a 10‐year history of recurrent herpes simplex virus‐induced erythema multiforme. Our patient was debilitated by the frequency of his attacks and the associated pain, for which he often required leave from work. The frequency, duration and morbidity of the attacks were poorly controlled using oral prednisone and oral aciclovir. Three episodes of his recurrent herpes simplex virus‐induced erythema multiforme were treated with intermittent oral cyclosporin. Oral cyclosporin rapidly reduced his symptoms and led to rapid resolution of his erythema multiforme, provided the cyclosporin was commenced on day 1 or 2 of the erythema multiforme episode. Consequently, his quality of life has dramatically improved. We recommend the use of intermittent oral cyclosporin for recurrent, debilitating episodes of erythema multiforme.
Pseudoxanthoma‐like late‐onset focal dermal elastosis
Authors: Kossard Steven 
Published: January 2005

SUMMARYA 73‐year‐old woman presented with a 10‐year history of asymptomatic coalescent flat pale yellow lesions forming a cobblestone pattern that resembled pseudoxanthoma elasticum over her neck, upper trunk and axillae. Skin biopsies from both the neck and axilla showed focal upper dermal elastosis with increase in structurally normal elastic fibres. There was no evidence of either pseudoxanthoma elasticum or solar elastosis in either biopsy. This under‐recognized presentation has previously been identified as a distinct clinicopathological entity and termed late‐onset focal dermal elastosis.
Cheilitis caused by contact allergy to cocamidopropyl betaine in ‘2‐in‐1 toothpaste and mouthwash’
Authors: Agar Nita , Freeman Susanne 
Published: January 2005

SUMMARYA 10‐year‐old girl presented with a 2‐year history of severe cheilitis. Despite cessation of any lip‐licking behaviour her symptoms continued to worsen, with only minimum relief from therapeutic measures. Patch testing proved strongly positive to cocamidopropyl betaine, which was noted to be present in the patient's ‘2‐in‐1 toothpaste and mouthwash’. Her cheilitis settled after avoidance of this product. Cocamidopropyl betaine, a surfactant, is a common allergen in hairdressers; however, this case highlights the importance of excluding a contact allergy to this product in patients with intractable cheilitis.
Lichen striatus in an adult following trauma
Authors: Shepherd Victoria , Lun Karyn , Strutton Geoffrey 
Published: January 2005

SUMMARYA 36‐year‐old man presented with a linear erythematous eruption along his right forearm and dystrophy of his right thumbnail. These changes had developed 2 weeks after his right thumb had been pricked by a pineapple leaf and evolved over a 6‐week period. Histopathology revealed features consistent with lichen striatus. He complained of mild intermittent pruritus, which responded to moderate‐potency topical corticosteroids. At 12 months the skin eruption had improved, but the nail changes persisted.
Maffucci's syndrome with extensive gastrointestinal involvement
Authors: Shepherd Victoria , Godbolt Amanda , Casey Terence 
Published: January 2005

SUMMARYA 10‐year‐old girl with cutaneous, oral and gastrointestinal vascular lesions was referred for consideration of laser treatment of her skin lesions. She was noted to have multiple venous malformations predominantly affecting the hands and feet, some of which had been present from birth. Her right hand was deformed by multiple venous malformations, and X‐rays of this hand revealed enchondromata within metacarpal and phalangeal bones. She was known to have extensive involvement of her gastrointestinal tract by venous malformations, resulting in refractory iron‐deficiency anaemia. In view of the multiple cutaneous and gastrointestinal vascular lesions, a diagnosis of blue rubber bleb naevus syndrome had been made many years earlier. However, after recognition of the characteristic enchondromata, this diagnosis has been revised to Maffucci's syndrome. In addition to her ongoing dermatological and paediatric follow up, she has now been referred to the orthopaedic surgeons for surveillance of her skeletal lesions.
Blau syndrome presenting with ichthyosis
Authors: Masel Grant , Halbert Anne 
Published: January 2005

SUMMARYA 12‐year‐old girl presented with uveitis, joint disease and ichthyosis resembling ichthyosis vulgaris. A biopsy taken from the affected lower leg demonstrated sarcoidal‐type granulomas. Synovial biopsy from the knee also showed granulomas. There was a family history of similar clinical features in the patient's younger sister. There were no other systemic features present to suggest a diagnosis of sarcoidosis or other granulomatous disease such as Crohn's disease or tuberculosis. The familial nature of the condition also made these diagnoses less likely. A clinical diagnosis of Blau syndrome was made. Blau syndrome is an uncommon sarcoidosis‐like multisystem autosomal‐dominant granulomatous disorder caused by mutations in the CARD15 gene. This gene has also recently been found to be a factor in the development of psoriatic arthritis and Crohn's disease. Although many forms of skin involvement have been described in Blau syndrome, this is the first case described of ichthyosis as the primary skin manifestation.
Herpes zoster following cryosurgery
Authors: Lee Michael R , Ryman William 
Published: January 2005

SUMMARYA 56‐year‐old man developed reactivation of herpes zoster infection on his right forehead after treatment of several solar keratoses with cryosurgery. The rash was blistering and painful. Treatment with oral aciclovir was instituted and the lesions healed within 2 weeks. Known risk factors for reactivation include age and decreased immunity. Previous case reports have indicated trauma may be a risk factor in herpes zoster. We report a case of herpes zoster as a complication of cryosurgery.
Paraneoplastic pemphigus: A brief update
Authors: Wade Martin S , Black Martin M 
Published: January 2005

SUMMARYFirst described in 1990, paraneoplastic pemphigus is an autoimmune condition that causes considerable morbidity, is resistant to therapy and is frequently fatal. Clinical heterogeneity is being recognized as more cases are reported and the documented auto‐antigen profile is also increasing. Target antigens are now known to be not restricted to the skin, suggesting that this condition is part of a paraneoplastic autoimmune multiorgan syndrome.
Complementary and alternative medicine use in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Sinha D , Efron D 
Published: January 2005

Objectives:  The use of complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) is increasing in the general population. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a chronic condition that has a major impact on children's functioning and has no cure, therefore many families may try CAM at some stage. We aimed to determine (i) the lifetime incidence of CAM use in a clinical sample of children with ADHD; (ii) parents’ perceptions of the effectiveness of CAM for ADHD; and (iii) the proportion who informed their paediatrician.Methods:  The sample was drawn from patients aged 5−17 years with ADHD attending Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne outpatient clinics from May to September 2003. A 20‐item survey was posted to consenting families.Results:  From 105 surveys, 75 were returned (response rate 71.4%). Mean child age was 11.1 (SD 2.9, range 5.0−16.9) years; 65 (86.7%) were boys. Fifty (67.6%) families reported current or past CAM use. Of the 23 different therapies reported, the most common were modified diet (33 families), vitamins and/or minerals (16), dietary supplements (12), aromatherapy (12) and chiropractics (10). Reported effectiveness was variable. The factors most frequently rated as important in choosing CAM were minimizing symptoms (40 families), adding to the benefit of conventional treatment (30) and avoiding side‐effects (29). Thirty‐two (64%) of 50 families reported that they informed their paediatrician of their CAM use.Conclusion:  Complementary and alternative medicines are commonly used in children with ADHD. Paediatricians should enquire about the use of CAM, and use available resources to help guide families in their therapeutic choices.
Lupus nephritis in children in Malaysia
Authors: Khoo JJ , Pee S , Thevarajah B , Yap YC , Chin CK 
Published: January 2005

Objectives : To determine the pattern of renal histology, clinical outcome of children with lupus nephritis and to identify any associated risk factors predicting renal failure in these children.Methods:  Retrospectively, 27 children under 16 years of age with lupus nephritis who had renal biopsies done at Sultanah Aminah Hospital Johor, Malaysia from 1994 to 2002 were studied. The renal histology was graded according to WHO classification system (1982). The medical records, laboratory data and the clinical outcome of the patients were studied.Results:  There were 24 cases of WHO Class IV, two cases of WHO Class II and a case of WHO Class V. Twenty children were in the good renal outcome group while six children progressed into the poor renal outcome group and required renal replacement. One child was lost to follow‐up. All six children in the poor renal outcome group had WHO Class IV histology. The 5‐year patient and renal survival rates were 84% and 75%, respectively. Age, sex, activity and chronicity indices in the renal histology, anaemia, elevated serum creatinine, depressed levels of C3 and C4, heavy proteinuria or presence of urinary active sediments were not associated with progression to renal failure.Conclusions:  Presently, children with lupus nephritis appeared to have better patient and renal survival rates. Assessment of renal histology in these children was important for diagnosis, treatment and probably prognosis. In this study, there was a 25% incidence of loss of renal function over 5 years in children with WHO Class IV renal histology.
Cerebral palsy: What do medical students know and believe?
Authors: Martin HL , Rowell MM , Reid SM , Marks MK , Reddihough DS 
Published: January 2005

Objectives:  Negative attitudes toward people with disabilities, including cerebral palsy, may be related to misunderstandings or lack of knowledge about the disability. If held by medical practitioners, they can have detrimental implications for the care of people with disabilities. The purposes of this study were to examine the knowledge and attitudes of medical students regarding cerebral palsy and to examine the effects of the videotape ‘Understanding Cerebral Palsy’ on these two areas.Methods:  The attitudes and knowledge regarding cerebral palsy of 54 medical students in their penultimate year were measured before and after watching a video produced to educate health professionals about cerebral palsy. They were assessed using a self‐administered questionnaire constructed specifically for the study, adapted from previously validated questionnaires.Results:  These medical students generally had limited knowledge about cerebral palsy and displayed negative attitudes toward people with cerebral palsy. It was also found that males had less positive attitudes than females (P = 0.014) and that students educated mainly in Asia had less positive attitudes than students educated mainly in Australia (P = 0.012). The videotape was shown to be effective in improving the students’ knowledge about cerebral palsy. A small but significant improvement in attitudes was also shown (P = 0.014), with the attitudes of some students improving dramatically. However, negative attitudes remained in many.Conclusions:  Based on the findings, structured teaching about cerebral palsy is necessary within the medical curriculum at the University of Melbourne. Greater promotion of positive attitudes toward people with cerebral palsy and other disabilities is required.
Flucloxacillin associated neutropenia in children treated for bone and joint infections
Authors: Van Den Boom J , Kristiansen JB , Voss LM , Stott NS 
Published: January 2005

Objective:  This report describes episodes of acute neutropenia associated with flucloxacillin use in children treated for bone and joint infections.Methods:  A retrospective chart audit was performed on eight children who developed neutropenia when treated with flucloxacillin.Results:  Eight children (aged 1 month to 13 years) had a diagnosis of neutropenia attributed to treatment with flucloxacillin, seven of whom received parenteral therapy. The time to onset of neutropenia averaged 27 days, with neutrophil counts returning to normal limits in all patients after 2 to 9 days. Two children were asymptomatic when the neutropenia was detected. The average flucloxacillin dose used was 65% (range 20−100%) of the recommended maximum dose.Conclusions:  These cases suggest that flucloxacillin should be used with greater caution and guidelines for dosing and clinical monitoring (regular neutrophil counts) need to be reassessed, despite none of these patients experiencing serious sequelae.
Intended management of children with acute idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura: A national survey
Authors: Marks MK , Vadamalayan B , Ekert H , South MJ 
Published: January 2005

Objective:  In Australia acute idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is mainly treated by paediatricians (either general paediatricians or paediatric haematologists/oncologists). A survey was conducted to gauge the current practice of treating children with acute ITP in Australia.Methods:  All practising Australian paediatricians registered by the Royal Australasian College of Physicians were surveyed regarding their intended management of children with acute ITP. The questionnaire, adapted from a study of paediatric haematologists/oncologists in North America, presented four clinical scenarios of children with acute ITP with a platelet count of 3000 × 109/L, with and without mucosal bleeding (wet and dry purpura, respectively). Questionnaires were returned by mail or filled in online at a dedicated webpage.Results:  Five hundred and sixty‐three of 1097 (51%) paediatricians responded to the survey. Data from 140 who had treated at least one child with ITP in the previous 12 months were analysed. Respondents indicated that children with acute ITP are usually or always hospitalised (58−92%) and that 48% would be given active treatment, even with dry purpura. Various regimens of i.v. immunoglobulin or corticosteroids are used when treatment is administered. In comparing Australian and North American management of acute ITP there were many similarities, although Australian paediatricians were less likely to arrange a bone marrow aspirate if corticosteroids were prescribed.Conclusions:  There is great variation in the intended management of children with acute ITP in Australia. Previously published management recommendations regarding investigation and treatment have had little impact on intended practice. Prospective studies are required to evaluate hypotheses so as to produce evidence‐based recommendations for treatment of patients with acute ITP.
Identity Theories of Truth and the Tractatus
Authors: Sullivan Peter M. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe paper is concerned with the idea that the world is the totality of facts, not of things – with what is involved in thinking of the world in that way, and why one might do so. It approaches this issue through a comparison between Wittgenstein's Tractatus and the identity theory of truth proposed by Hornsby and McDowell. The paper's positive conclusion is that there is a genuine affinity between these two. A negative contention is that the modern identity theory is vulnerable to a complaint of idealism that the Tractatus can deflect.
Operations and Truth‐Operations in the Tractatus
Authors: Gallerani Cuter João Vergílio 
Published: January 2005

AbstractFormal series are associated with ascriptions of numbers. They are ordered by formal operations that, unlike negation and disjunction, are not truth‐operations. In spite of this, they are required to build propositions involving generic reference to numbers, and are essential to the Tractarian version of the logicist project.
Extended antiretroviral treatment interruption in HIV‐infected patients with long‐term suppression of plasma HIV RNA
Authors: Achenbach CJ , Till M , Palella FJ , Knoll MD , Terp SM , Kalnins AU , Murphy RL 
Published: January 2005

ObjectivesEvaluation of extended treatment interruption (TI) in chronic HIV infection among patients successfully treated with antiretroviral therapy.MethodsAn observational analysis of 25 patients in a prospectively followed cohort with chronic HIV infection, viral loads <500 HIV‐1 RNA copies/mL for at least 6 months, and an interruption in therapy of ≥28 days duration was carried out. Follow up was divided into 3‐month time periods for analysis. The effects of time period, stratification group and stratification group by time period interactions on CD4 counts were tested using a mixed model. Univariate comparisons among patient characteristics and responses were performed using Fisher's exact test or the Wilcoxon rank sum test.ResultsAt initiation of TI, the median CD4 count was 799 cells/μL. TI duration was a median of 7.1 months. HIV RNA rebounded to a median maximum level of 75 000 copies/mL. Maximum viral rebound was significantly greater in patients who were male, had lipodystrophy and had zenith HIV RNA prior to TI of ≥50 000 copies/mL. Lower CD4 cell counts were observed during TI in patients with lipodystrophy, zenith HIV RNA ≥50 000 copies/mL, history of AIDS, HIV infection ≥5 years and presuppression CD4 count ≤350 cells/μL. Patients who reinitiated therapy had shorter TI duration, presuppression CD4 count ≤350 cells/μL, previous AIDS diagnosis and lipodystrophy. No patients developed adverse or AIDS‐defining events during TI.ConclusionsLong‐term TI resulted in greater immune deterioration in patients with high viral set points or low CD4 cell counts prior to initiation of suppressive antiretroviral therapy.