bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression of SRY proteins in both normal and sex‐reversed XY fetal mouse gonads
Authors: Taketo Teruko , Lee Chung‐Hae , Zhang Jianqing , Li Yunmin , Lee Chi‐Yu Gregory , Lau Yun‐Fai Chris 
Published: March 2005

AbstractSry, a single‐copy gene on the Y‐chromosome, acts dominantly to trigger differentiation of a testis from a gonadal primordium that otherwise develops into an ovary in mammals. Sry encodes a protein with a DNA‐binding domain and probably acts as a transcription factor. However, the mode of SRY action in testis determination remains largely unknown. In the present study, we detected the endogenous SRY protein in normal XY fetal mouse gonads by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. The tissue‐specificity and ontogeny of the detected protein were consistent with those of Sry transcripts. Immunofluorescent double labeling revealed that the SRY protein was detected in the Sertoli cell lineage and was swiftly down‐regulated concurrently with testis cord organization. Surprisingly, however, the SRY protein was detected in the entire gonad from the onset of its expression, not in parallel to the spatiotemporal pattern of testis cord organization. The SRY protein was also detected in the entire region of all B6.YTIR fetal gonads, which were anticipated to undergo either partial or complete sex reversal. SRY down‐regulation was considerably delayed, compared with control B6.XY gonads and was not associated with testis cord organization in B6.YTIR gonads. We conclude that the testis‐determining pathway is impaired at the site of SRY action in the B6.YTIR gonad. Developmental Dynamics 233:612–622, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Solution, Structural and Catalytic Studies of Neutral MCl2 (M = Pd, Pt) Complexes of the N/E Mixed‐Donor Ligands 2‐(RECH2)C5H4N(RE = MeS, PhS, MeSe)
Authors: Jones Roderick C. , Madden Rachael L. , Skelton Brian W. , Tolhurst Vicki‐Anne , White Allan H. , Williams Alan M. , Wilson Adele J. , Yates Brian F. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe reaction of MCl2 (M = Pd, Pt) with one mole‐equivalent of L [L = 2‐(MeSCH2)C5H4N (L1), 2‐(PhSCH2)C5H4N (L2), 2‐(MeSeCH2)C5H4N (L3)] in MeCN gave the monomeric complexes [MCl2L] in good yields. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies of [MCl2L2] confirmed the complexes to be monomeric with square‐planar geometry about the metal centre. Variable‐temperature NMR spectroscopy showed that the complexes undergo fluxional processes in solution, which were confirmed, by DFT calculations, to be (E)‐pyramidal inversion at the chalcogen centre rather than ring‐flip or (E)‐dissociation processes. The calculations showed that the barrier to inversion increases in the order S<Se<Te. All complexes were characterised using 1H NMR, UV/Vis and IR spectroscopy and microanalysis. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Synthesis and Structural and Spectroscopic Characterization of New RuII‐dmso Precursors with Face‐Capping Ligands for Use in Self‐Assembly Reactions
Authors: Iengo Elisabetta , Zangrando Ennio , Baiutti Edi , Munini Fabio , Alessio Enzo 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe aim of this work is the preparation of new, easy‐to‐make, octahedral RuII precursors with facial geometry to be used in self‐assembly reactions. We chose dmso as a leaving group and 1,4,7‐trithiacyclononane ([9]aneS3), tris(pyrazolyl)methane [CH(pz)3, pz = pyrazol‐1‐yl], or triphos [CH3C(CH2‐PPh2)3] as the face‐capping ligand (fcl). We describe here the preparation and structural characterization of three new dicationic RuII complexes (as triflate salts) of the type fac‐[Ru(fcl)(solv)3]2+, namely fac‐[Ru([9]aneS3)(dmso‐O)(dmso‐S)2]2+ (3b), which equilibrates in solution with the linkage isomer fac‐[Ru([9]aneS3)(dmso‐O)2(dmso‐S)]2+ (3a), fac‐[Ru{CH(pz)3}(dmso‐O)(dmso‐S)2]2+ (7), and fac‐[Ru(triphos)‐(dmso‐O)2(H2O)]2+ (9). In all cases the preferred synthetic procedure involved coordination of the face‐capping ligand to cis‐[RuCl2(dmso)4] first, followed by replacement of the chlorides with dmso (or water) molecules assisted by addition of AgCF3SO3 (AgOTf). NMR investigations showed that hydrolysis of the dmso ligands occurs very easily for 3 in water and for 9 in chloroform, while for complex 7 only the O‐bound dmso ligand is replaced in water. In the course of this work, the following complexes were also isolated and structurally characterized: fac‐[Ru([9]aneS3)Cl(dmso‐S)2][OTf] (2), trans,cis,cis‐[RuCl2(dmso‐S)2{CH(pz)2(pz)}] (4), trans,cis,cis‐[RuCl2(dmso‐S)2(pzH)2] (5), fac‐[Ru{CH(pz)3}Cl2(dmso‐S)] (6), fac‐[Ru([9]aneS3)(py)3][OTf]2 (11), fac‐[Ru([9]aneS3)(py)2‐(CH3CN)][OTf]2 (13), and fac‐[Ru([9]aneS3O)(dmso‐O)2‐(dmso‐S)][OTf]2 ([9]aneS3O = 1,4,7‐trithiacyclononane 1‐oxide); in 4 the tripodal tris(pyrazolyl)methane acts as a bidentate ligand. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Incorporation of Aluminium and Iron into the Zeolite MCM‐58
Authors: Košová Gabriela , Ernst Stefan , Hartmann Martin , Čejka Jiří 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe hydrothermal synthesis of zeolite MCM‐58 is investigated with N‐benzylquinuclidinium bromide as a structure‐directing agent in order to isomorphously substitute aluminium or iron for silicon. Al‐MCM‐58 was synthesised in a wide range of nSi/nAl ratios (from 19 to 56), and Fe‐MCM‐58 was successfully prepared in a narrower range of nSi/nFe ratios (from 18 to 36). The obtained products were characterised by XRD, SEM, 27Al MAS NMR, 29Si MAS NMR, FTIR, and ESR spectroscopy. Two different calcination procedures, viz. in a stream of nitrogen and air or in a stream of ammonia, were used in order to modify the acid sites in the zeolite. FTIR spectroscopy before and after the adsorption of [D3]acetonitrile and pyridine was employed to determine the concentration and type of the acid sites. The acid forms of Al(Fe)‐MCM‐58 are characterised by the vibrations of bridging Si–OH–Al(Fe) groups at 3628 cm–1 and 3564 cm–1 (Al‐MCM‐58) or 3646 cm–1 and 3520 cm–1 (Fe‐MCM‐58). The acid sites of both zeolites Al‐MCM‐58 and Fe‐MCM‐58 are accessible for [D3]acetonitrile and pyridine, and all materials contain substantial numbers of Lewis sites (Al‐MCM‐58: 50 % of the total acid sites; Fe‐MCM‐58: 90 %) over the whole range of nSi/nAl (nSi/nFe) ratios studied. Only a small increase in the concentration of Brønsted acid sites was achieved after calcination of the as‐synthesised samples in a flow of ammonia. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Novel Mercury Phosphanylamides
Authors: Cole Marcus L. , Deacon Glen B. , Junk, Peter C. , Konstas Kristina , Roesky Peter W. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe reactions of bis(pentafluorophenyl)mercury, bis(diphenylphosphanyl)amine and neodymium or erbium metal in toluene yielded the subvalent mercury(1.33) complex [Hg3{μ2‐(Ph2P)2N}4]·3 C7H8 (1·3 C7H8) as a toluene solvate. Thecomplex was also prepared in high yield from Hg(C6F5)2, (PPh2)2NH and mercury metal in toluene at room temperature. From reaction of Hg(C6F5)2 and HN(PPh2)2 in toluene with no added metal, [Hg2{μ2‐(Ph2P)2N}2{(Ph2P)(OPPh2)N}2]·2 C7H8 (3·2 C7H8) has been obtained, and 3·2 C4H10O2 has also been isolated in low yield. From a related reaction, a solution of the product in CDCl3 deposited [Hg2{μ2‐(Ph2P)2N}3Cl]·3/2 CDCl3 (4·3/2 CDCl3). The structure of 1·3 C7H8 contains a Hg–Hg bonded Hg3 triangle with adja‐cent metals bridged (P,P′) by either one or two phosphanyl‐amide ligands. One mercury is four coordinate, and the other two are five coordinate. In [Hg2{μ2‐(Ph2P)2N}2{(Ph2P)(OPPh2)‐N}2]·2 S [S = C7H8 or C4H10O2 (1,2‐dimethoxyethane)], the mercury atoms are bridged (P,P′) by two phosphanylamide ligands, whilst the hemi‐oxidised ligands are chelating (O,P) in a transoid disposition to each other leading to four coordination. There is unsymmetrical ligation in [Hg2{μ2‐(Ph2P)2N}3Cl]·3/2 CDCl3 (4·3/2 CDCl3) with one mercury four coordinate and the other three. Three phosphanylamide ligands bridge (P,P′) the metals with a non‐bonding Hg···Hg separation of 3.0042(7) Å. Each HgP3 array has a triangular arrangement, little affected in one case by the attachment of a chloride approximately normal to HgP3. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Municipal sludge dewatering by belt filter press: effect of operating parameters
Authors: Olivier J , Vaxelaire J 
Published: March 2005

AbstractA belt filter press is commonly used to dewater sewage sludge but few data concerning this process have been published. A laboratory‐scale investigation was carried out to highlight the main process parameters affecting belt filter press efficiency as measured by the dry solid content of the final cake, percentage of solids recovered, and lateral sludge migration on the belt. Belt speed was determined to be the most important parameter: a low belt speed produces drier cakes with lower lateral sludge migration on the belt and also improves filtrate quality. At low belt speed, pressure is gently applied to the initial sludge, enabling a slow structuring of the cake and leading to better water release. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Glucoraphanin extraction from Cardaria draba: Part 1. Optimization of batch extraction
Authors: Powell Erin E , Hill Gordon A , Juurlink Bernhard HJ , Carrier D Julie 
Published: March 2005

AbstractGlucosinolates have historically been considered an anti‐nutritional component of food and feed cereal crops. Large‐scale protocols have been aimed at complete glucosinolate elimination from plants, rather than maximizing the recovery of any particular glucosinolate compound. Recently, glucoraphanin, an alkenyl glucosinolate, has been found to have nutritional value in terms of anti‐carcinogenic behavior and hypertension relief. In this work, we report on the efficient capture of glucoraphanin from the noxious weed Cardaria draba. The effect of temperature, ethanol content in the aqueous solvent, initial solvent pH, solids loading, and contact time on both glucoraphanin and glucosinalbin recovery were examined. The optimal extraction conditions, evaluated using 0.11 dm3 stirred baffled vessels, were found to be 20% aqueous ethanol solvent at 70 °C and an initial pH value of 3, extracted at a solid to liquid ratio of 50 g dm−3 over 20 mins. The recovery achieved with the baffled vessels was up to three times greater than the glucoraphanin yield obtained using standard analytical procedures that involved the use of 8.0 × 10−3 dm3 of hot, 80% ethanol solutions in test tubes at the same solvent loading. This corresponds to 30 mg g−1 of glucoraphanin recovered from the dried C draba leaves, versus only 10 mg g−1 using the analytical method. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Glucoraphanin extraction from Cardaria draba: Part 2. Countercurrent extraction, bioactivity and toxicity testing
Authors: Powell Erin E , Hill Gordon A , Juurlink Bernhard HJ , Carrier D Julie 
Published: March 2005

AbstractGlucoraphanin is a potentially valuable plant compound that has shown efficacy in the treatment of hypertension and the removal of carcinogens in animals. Our recent work determined the optimum extraction conditions for the recovery of high amounts of glucoraphanin from the noxious weed Cardaria draba in a single‐staged batch extractor. In this study, a multiple contact, countercurrent flow extraction process was used to achieve further improvements in glucoraphanin recovery. The yield increased by 1.5 times when compared with a single, batch contact extraction. A three‐stage process was sufficient to extract over 90% of the glucoraphanin from C draba at a dry weight plant loading of 50 g dm−3. The experimental results at several solids loadings agreed with the leaching theory and the theoretical model was used to predict the number of stages needed to extract all the glucoraphanin from C draba at high solids loadings. Finally the efficacy and toxicity of the crude glucoraphanin extracts were tested using hepatoma cells. The efficacy was found to be much higher than single‐stage extracts, confirming that cell efficacy is related to the increased quantity of glucoraphanin extracted due to countercurrent operation. The crude extract demonstrated negligible acute toxicity to the hepatoma cells. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Autotrophic deodorization of hydrogen sulfide in a biotrickling filter
Authors: Jin Yaomin , Veiga María C , Kennes Christian 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe removal of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) from airstreams was studied in a biotrickling filter (BTF) packed with plastic Pall rings operating with counter‐current flows of the air and liquid streams. Experiments were performed at different inlet H2S concentrations, air and/or liquid volumetric flow rates, and sulfate concentrations in the recirculating liquid to check their effect on the performance of the BTF. Conversion of H2S never dropped below 80% at the highest concentration and reached 100% at low concentrations. A maximum removal rate of 22.5 g H2S m−3 reactor h−1 was observed with 100% removal efficiency. The shortest empty bed retention time studied at which complete H2S removal was observed was around 11 s. Conversion of H2S was found to slightly increase as the liquid flow rate decreased and as the air flow rate increased. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Activation of γ‐aminobutyric acid GAT‐1 transporters on glutamatergic terminals of mouse spinal cord mediates glutamate release through anion channels and by transporter reversal
Authors: Raiteri Luca , Stigliani Sara , Patti Laura , Usai Cesare , Bucci Giovanna , Diaspro Alberto , Raiteri Maurizio , Bonanno Giambattista 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe effects of γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) on the release of glutamate from mouse spinal cord nerve endings have been studied using superfused synaptosomes. GABA elicited a concentration‐dependent release of [3H]D‐aspartate ([3H]D‐ASP; EC50 = 3.76 μM). Neither muscimol nor (–)baclofen mimicked GABA, excluding receptor involvement. The GABA‐evoked release was strictly Na+ dependent and was prevented by the GABA transporter inhibitor SKF89976A, suggesting involvement of GAT‐1 transporters located on glutamatergic nerve terminals. GABA also potentiated the spontaneous release of endogenous glutamate; an effect sensitive to SKF89976A and low‐Na+‐containing medium. Confocal microscopy shows that the GABA transporter GAT‐1 is coexpressed with the vesicular glutamate transporter vGLUT‐1 and with the plasma membrane glutamate transporter EAAT2 in a substantial portion of synaptosomal particles. The GABA effect was external Ca2+ independent and was not decreased when cytosolic Ca2+ ions were chelated by BAPTA. The glutamate transporter blocker DL‐TBOA or dihydrokainate inhibited in part (∼35%) the GABA (10 μM)‐evoked [3H]D‐ASP release; this release was strongly reduced by the anion channel blockers niflumic acid and NPPB. GABA, up to 30 μM, was unable to augment significantly the basal release of [3H]glycine from spinal cord synaptosomes, indicating selectivity for glutamatergic transmission. It is concluded that GABA GAT‐1 transporters and glutamate transporters coexist on the same spinal cord glutamatergic terminals. Activation of these GABA transporters elicits release of glutamate partially by reversal of glutamate transporters present on glutamatergic terminals and largely through anion channels. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Proliferation of cerebellar neurons induced by astrocytes treated with thyroid hormone is mediated by a cooperation between cell contact and soluble factors and involves the epidermal growth factor‐protein kinase a pathway
Authors: Martinez Rodrigo , Gomes Flávia Carvalho Alcantara 
Published: March 2005

AbstractCerebellar development is fully dependent on thyroid hormone (T3) levels. We have previously demonstrated a glia‐mediated effect of T3 on cerebellar neurons. We have reported that cerebellar astrocytes treated with thyroid hormone secrete epidermal growth factor (EGF), which directly induces neuronal proliferation and, indirectly, by increasing synthesis of extracellular matrix proteins, induces neurite outgrowth in vitro. Here, by using a neuron–astrocyte coculture model, we investigated the involvement of cell contact on neuronal proliferation. Culturing of cerebellar neurons on T3‐treated astrocyte carpets or conditioned medium derived from them (T3CM) yielded similar results, revealed by a 60% increase in cell population. However, the absolute number of neurons in coculture assays was greatly enhanced in comparison with that in CM assays (3.5–4‐fold). Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation assays revealed that such an increase was due mainly to proliferation of precursors cells. BrdU incorporation was three times higher in cell carpet (31%) than in CM (13%). Treatment of astrocytes by T3 increased neuronal proliferation either by T3CM (2.5 times) or by contact with T3‐treated astrocytes (1.5 times). Neuronal death was not affected by T3 treatment of astrocytes as revealed by either trypan blue viability assays or active caspase‐3 labeling. Treatment of astrocytes by EGF mimicked T3 effects on neuronal proliferation. Addition of the EGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor genistein and the protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor KT5720 to cocultutres and T3CM completely reversed neuronal proliferation. Our results implicate EGF and the PKA pathway in the proliferation induced by T3‐treated astrocytes. Furthermore, the fact that cocultures potentiate the effect of T3 on neuronal proliferation suggests that neuron–astrocyte contact may cooperate with astrocyte soluble factors to enhance neuronal population. Our data reveal an important role of astrocytes as mediators of T3‐induced cerebellar development and partially elucidate the role of cell contact and soluble factors on this process. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Design of translactam HCMV protease inhibitors as potent antivirals
Authors: Borthwick Alan D. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractHuman cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is an important pathogen for which there is a significant unmet medical need. New HCMV antivirals, active against novel molecular targets, are undoubtedly needed as the currently available drugs ganciclovir, cidofovir, and foscarnet, which are all viral DNA inhibitors, suffer from limited effectiveness, mainly due to the development of drug resistance, poor bioavailability, and toxicity. One of the newer molecular targets that has been exploited in the search for better drug candidates is HCMV protease. Our δAla HCMV protease (wild type variant with the internal cleavage site deleted) was cloned and expressed in E. coli. This viral enzyme was used to develop HCMV protease assays to evaluate potential inhibitors. The chirally pure (SRS)‐α‐methyl pyrrolidine‐5,5‐trans‐lactam template was synthesized, which together with the natural substrate requirements of HCMV protease and detailed SAR, was used to design potent and selective mechanism based inhibitors of HCMV protease. The mechanism of action of these inhibitors of HCMV protease was investigated by ESI/MS, and the X‐ray crystal structure of the HCMV protease was used to refine our selective viral enzyme inhibitors to obtain plasma stable antivirals. A novel ELISA antiviral assay was developed which, together with a cytotoxicity assay, enabled us to discover anti‐HCMV drug candidates equivalent in potency to ganciclovir that had good pharmacokinetics in the dog and good brain and ocular penetration in the guinea pig. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev.
“Radical‐controlled” oxidative polymerization of phenol: Comparison with that of 4‐phenoxyphenol
Authors: Higashimura Hideyuki , Fujisawa Kiyoshi , Kubota Masaaki , Kobayashi Shiro 
Published: March 2005

Abstract“Radical‐controlled” oxidative polymerization of phenol (p‐1) by (1,4,7‐triisopropyl‐1,4,7‐triazacyclononane)copper(II) catalyst was performed and compared with that of 4‐phenoxyphenol (p‐2) in detail. Although the coupling selectivity for p‐1 seemed to be controlled by the catalyst, the CC coupling, which was excluded completely for p‐2, occurred to some extent. The initial reaction rate of p‐1 was much smaller than that of p‐2, leading to the difference of polymerization behavior between p‐1 and p‐2. The rate‐determining step would be the coupling of controlled radicals species from the ESR measurement of the reaction mixture. The polymer resulting from p‐1 consisted mainly of phenylene oxide units, but had no crystallinity in contrast to the crystalline polymer from p‐2. However, the present polymer showed the highest thermal stability in the polymers obtained by oxidative polymerization of p‐1. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 1955–1962, 2005
Assembly factors of F1Fo‐ATP synthase across genomes
Authors: Pícková Andrea , Potocký Martin , Houštěk Josef 
Published: March 2005

AbstractWork with respiration‐deficient strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae has provided evidence that assembly of the mitochondrial ATP synthase is dependent on proteins that serve substrate‐specific, chaperone‐type functions: Atp10p, Atp11p, Atp12p, Atp22p, and Fmc1p. Atp11p and Atp12p mediate the formation of the F1 moiety via interaction with subunits F1‐β and F1‐α, respectively. The role of Fmc1p is less clear. Atp10p and Atp22p are essential for the formation of the FO part, during which Atp10p assists in the incorporation of the FO‐a subunit. Here we present a comprehensive analysis of ATP synthase assembly factors from all available genomes. The mechanism of the F1 assembly is preserved in all eukaryotic lineages that are capable of ATP synthesis via oxidative phosphorylation and requires Atp11p and Atp12p. Conversely, composition of the FO part as well as its assembly is more versatile. We found two distinct subtypes of the FO‐a subunit, one of which seems to be dependent on the action of Atp10p while the other does not. Restricted occurrence of Fmc1p and Atp22p suggests the existence of lineage‐specific assembly factors. Our phylogenetic data served as a source for comparative sequence analysis, which identified evolutionarily conserved residues, putative functional domains and their basic structural features for Atp10p, Atp11p, and Atp12p orthologs. These results provide the basis for detailed molecular analysis of the ATP synthase‐specific chaperones. Proteins 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Technical note – the significance of chuck wall angles in the quantification of seam thickness in canned food
Authors: Vågane Å. , Birkeland S. , Wasbø E. , Sivertsvik M. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractOne of the key dimensional measures in quality control of canned foods is the double seam thickness (mm). Electronic micrometers quantify the seam thickness, based on a chuck wall angle of 4.0° due to the seaming chuck being fixed at the same angle during seaming. Investigations of chuck wall angles (n = 144) in non‐round cans by a coordinate measuring machine revealed that 93% of the chuck wall angles following seaming were off the interval 4.0 ± 0.25° (range: 3.146–10.281°, CV = 23%), indicating that the seaming process introduces a significant variance in the chuck wall angle. The aberration in the actual chuck wall angle from 4.0° introduces a bias (ϵ) in the measured seam‐thickness (Tms), which may cause rejection of closed cans as having unacceptable seam thickness based on incorrect measurements. The mathematical deduction of the bias introduced in the measured seam thickness when the actual chuck wall angle is aberrant from 4.0° is presented, and it is concluded that it is erroneous to neglect the chuck wall angle of sealed cans in the methodology of seam thickness determination. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comment on the Paper: “Crystal Structure of the Bis[zinc(II)‐hydroxide‐(μ‐perchlorate‐triaqua] Complex” by Y.‐H. Li, Q. Ye, Y.‐Z. Tang, and R.‐G. Xiong (Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 2004, 630, 1553)
Authors: Wickleder Mathias S. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractIn the present comment it will be outlined that the recently published perchlorate [Zn(OH)(μ‐ClO4)(H2O)3]2 is in fact the well known sulfate ZnSO4·4H2O. The assumption is supported by both bond lengths considerations and structural characteristics.