bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hepatocyte growth factor is associated with poor prognosis of malignant gliomas and is a predictor for recurrence of meningioma
Authors: Arrieta Oscar , Garcia Esperanza , Guevara Patricia , Garcia‐Navarrete Roberto , Ondarza Rodolfo , Rembao Daniel , Sotelo Julio 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDHepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a cytokine that participates in multiple cell functions; it promotes proliferation, motility, and morphogenesis of epithelial cells. Some malignant tumors, such as breast carcinoma, bronchogenic carcinoma, and multiple myeloma, overexpress it and its receptor. Hepatocyte growth factor is also present in normal astrocytes; therefore, it is important to investigate whether HGF participates in the pathophysiology of malignant gliomas and other brain tumors. Intratumoral concentration of HGF in human intracranial neoplasms was measured and correlated with prognosis, tumor recurrence, vasogenic edema, cell proliferation index, and vascular density.METHODSHepatocyte growth factor concentration was measured in 62 intracranial tumors, including 16 anaplasic astrocytomas (AA), 16 glioblastoma multiformes (GM), 11 meningiomas, 9 hypophyseal adenomas, 7 oligodendrogliomas, and 3 cordomas, and in 4 samples of nonneoplastic brain tissue. The following parameters were correlated with HGF values: survival and tumor recurrence, cell proliferation index and vascular density as determined by immunohistopathologic analysis, and peritumoral edema as seen by magnetic resonance imaging.RESULTSHepatocyte growth factor concentration (pg/mL) was significantly higher in malignant gliomas (AA and GM) than in adenomas, oligodendrogliomas, and nonneoplastic brain tissue, but it was similar to that of meningiomas. Mean survival of patients with AA was 16.5 ± 3.6 months and for patients with GM 12.3 ± 1.3 months. Hepatocyte growth factor concentration was higher in GM than in AA (15,844 ± 2504 vs. 7499 ± 1703, P = 0.0375) and was correlated with the cell proliferation index and with poor prognosis. Likewise, mean tumoral concentration of HGF was higher in meningiomas that relapsed than in those without recurrence (22,887 ± 6489 vs. 2090 ± 497, P = 0.008).CONCLUSIONSIntratumoral concentration of HGF in gliomas is associated with malignancy and poor prognosis. High HGF is also found in meningiomas and is related with long term recurrence. The current findings suggest that the routine measurement of HGF may be used as a predictive factor for planning therapeutic strategies in both malignant gliomas and meningiomas. The potential use of HGF inhibitors or antagonists for therapy of these tumors should be explored. Cancer 2002;94:3210–8. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10594
Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombosis
Authors: Ando Eiji , Tanaka Masatoshi , Yamashita Fumihiko , Kuromatsu Ryoko , Yutani Shigeru , Fukumori Kazuta , Sumie Shuji , Yano Yoichi , Okuda Koji , Sata Michio 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with portal vein tumor thrombosis (PVTT) is extremely poor. The aim of this study was to elucidate the efficacy of hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) for patients with advanced HCCs.METHODSForty‐eight HCC patients with PVTT were treated by HAIC via a subcutaneously implanted injection port. Of these, 14 had PVTT in the second portal branch and 34 patients had PVTT in the first portal branch or in the main portal trunk. One course of chemotherapy consisted of daily cisplatin (7 mg/m2 for 1 hour on Days 1–5) followed by 5‐fluorouracil (170 mg/m2 for 5 hours on Days 1–5). Patients were scheduled to receive four serial courses of HAIC. Responders were defined as having either a complete response (CR) or partial response (PR) and nonresponders were defined as exhibiting stable disease or progressive disease. The prognosis after HAIC and factors related to survival were analyzed.RESULTSFollowing HAIC, 4 and 19 patients exhibited a CR and PR, respectively (response rate = 48%). The 1, 2, 3, and 5‐year cumulative survival rates of 48 patients treated with HAIC were 45%, 31%, 25%, and 11%, respectively. Median survival periods for 23 responders and 25 nonresponders were 31.6 (range, 8.3–76.9) months and 5.4 (1.9–29.0) months, respectively. Therapeutic effect (P < 0.001) and hepatic reserve capacity (P = 0.021) were identified as significant prognostic factors by univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis identified only therapeutic effect as being significantly related to survival.CONCLUSIONSHAIC using low‐dose cisplatin and 5‐fluorouracil may be a useful therapeutic option for patients with advanced HCC with PVTT. HCC patients with PVTT who respond to HAIC could certainly have survival benefits. Cancer 2002;95:588–95. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10694
Standards of care for anemia management in oncology
Authors: Langer Corey J. , Choy Hak , Glaspy John A. , Colowick Alan 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDAnemia is common in patients with lung carcinoma, particularly among those undergoing platinum‐based cytotoxic chemotherapy. Evidence is growing that anemia can have a profound impact on the patient's quality of life, often manifested as the patient's inability to function normally.METHODSA literature review was conducted to provide a current picture of the incidence and impact of anemia in patients with lung carcinoma and the usage and limitations of current treatment.RESULTSThe incidence of anemia (a hemoglobin [Hb] level < 11g/dL) in lung carcinoma patients is approximately 50–60%, varying according to treatment regimen. However, despite evidence supporting the treatment of anemia, many clinicians only intervene when Hb levels fall below 8 g/dL. This may be because of a lack of awareness of the incidence and impact of anemia on cancer patients, but most likely is because of limitations of current treatment options (blood transfusion and recombinant human erythropoietin [epoetin‐α]). Darbepoetin‐α represents a new generation of erythropoiesis‐stimulating proteins. Biochemically distinct from epoetin‐α, darbepoetin‐α has a greater sialic acid content and biologic half‐life than epoetin‐α, but stimulates erythropoiesis in the same manner. Clinical trials involving patients with cancer‐related anemia have shown that darbepoetin‐α has a threefold longer half‐life than epoetin‐α, which may allow less frequent dosing. The results from an ongoing clinical trial dedicated to testing the clinical benefits of darbepoetin‐α in treating anemia in lung carcinoma patients will provide a valuable insight into its full potential in this setting.CONCLUSIONSAnemia is common but is reported to be undertreated in patients with lung carcinoma. The introduction of darbepoetin‐α into clinical practice may overcome some of the limitations of current treatments and facilitate improvement in the management of cancer‐related anemia. Cancer 2002;95:613–23. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10712
Hepatocellular carcinoma in elderly patients
Authors: Teratani Takuma , Ishikawa Takashi , Shiratori Yasushi , Shiina Shuichiro , Yoshida Haruhiko , Imamura Masatoshi , Obi Shuntaro , Sato Shinpei , Hamamura Keisuke , Omata Masao 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe age of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been increasing worldwide. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of percutaneous ethanol injection therapy (PEIT) in elderly patients with HCC.METHODSThe authors retrospectively analyzed 653 patients who were treated with PEIT between 1985 and 1997. One hundred thirty‐seven patients were age ≥ 70 years, 90 of 137 patients (66%) were male, and 106 of 137 patients (77%) were positive for hepatitis C virus antibodies. Both survival rates and standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) related to the causes of death were compared between patients age ≥ 70 years and patients age < 70 years.RESULTSWith the exception of greater maximum tumor size in elderly patients age ≥ 70 years, the clinical features of tumors and underlying liver disease were similar to those of patients age < 70 years The survival rates after PEIT in patients age ≥ 70 years were 83%, 52%, and 27% at 1 year, 3 years, and 5 years, respectively. These results were comparable to the rates for patients age < 70 years (1 year, 90%; 3 years, 65%; and 5 years, 40%). In addition, there was no difference in mortality from extrahepatic disease between the two groups (9.8% for patients age ≥ 70 years vs. 9.4% for patients age < 70 years; P > 0.999). The SMR of patients age ≥ 70 years who died of causes related to extrahepatic disease (SMR, 0.56; 95% confidence interval [95%CI], 0.18–1.30) was lower compared with the SMR of patients age < 70 years (SMR, 1.75; 95%CI, 1.07–2.71). The SMR of patients age ≥ 70 years who died of causes related to liver disease (SMR, 115; 95%CI, 84.1–153.0) was similar to that of patients age < 70 years (SMR, 120; 95%CI, 103.0–138.0).CONCLUSIONSThese results provide support for the treatment of patients with HCC age ≥ 70 years by tumor ablation using PEIT. Cancer 2002;95:816–23. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10735
Provider case volume and outcome in the evaluation and treatment of patients with mammogram‐detected breast carcinoma
Authors: McKee Mark D. , Cropp Michael D. , Hyland Andrew , Watroba Nancy , McKinley Brian , Edge Stephen B. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDPractice volume may affect the outcome of patients with breast carcinoma. Defining factors that influence the relation of volume and outcome for the diagnosis and treatment of breast carcinoma is important, because breast carcinoma is common, and care is decentralized.METHODSCommunity‐wide diagnosis and treatment of mammogram‐detected breast carcinoma was examined using claims data from a single insurer representing 25% of the regional population. Among 1001 mammogram‐directed breast biopsies, the rate of breast carcinoma diagnosed by stereotactic core needle biopsy (SCNB) or excisional biopsy with needle localization (EBNL) and the rate at which breast‐conserving surgery (BCS) was used were analyzed. Outcome and practice volume were examined for surgeons, radiologists, and medical centers.RESULTSTwo hundred twenty‐four tumors were diagnosed by EBNL (604 diagnoses) and SCNB (397 tumors), for a 22.4% positive biopsy rate. The median number of procedures per physician was one. Positive biopsy rates for radiologists, surgeons, and medical centers did not correlate with practice volume. Positive biopsy rates for high‐volume physician providers and medical centers ranged from 9% to 46%. The BCS rate was 45% and 64% for surgeons treating one or more than one claim, respectively. Tumor stage and surgeon case volume were the only independent predictors of BCS (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONSThere is wide variation in diagnosis and treatment outcomes for patients with mammogram‐detected breast carcinoma. Overall, practice volume was correlated with the use of BCS but not with the rate of positive biopsy. A wide variation in the positive biopsy rate among high‐volume providers and medical centers suggests that volume of practice is not a surrogate for quality in the diagnosis of breast carcinoma. Cancer 2002;95:704–12. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10737
Nitric oxide synthase histochemistry in insect nervous systems: Methanol/formalin fixation reveals the neuroarchitecture of formaldehyde‐sensitive NADPH diaphorase in the cockroach Periplaneta americana
Authors: Ott Swidbert R. , Elphick Maurice R. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractFormaldehyde‐insensitive NADPH diaphorase (NADPHd) activity is used widely as a histochemical marker for neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS). However, in several insects including the cockroach Periplaneta americana, NOS is apparently formaldehyde‐sensitive; NADPHd fails to reveal neuron morphology and results in faint generalized staining. Here we have used a novel fixative, methanol/ formalin (MF), to reveal for the first time the neuroarchitecture of NADPHd in the cockroach, with intense selective staining occurring in neurons throughout the brain and thoracic ganglia. Immunocytochemical and histochemical analysis of cockroach and locust nervous systems indicated that neuronal NADPHd after MF fixation can be attributed to NOS. However, NADPHd in locust glial and perineurial cells was histochemically different from that in neurons and may thus be due to enzymes other than NOS. Histochemical implications of species‐specific enzyme properties and of the transcriptional complexity of the NOS gene are discussed. The present findings suggest that MF fixation is a valuable new tool for the comparative analysis of the neuroarchitecture of NO signaling in insects. The Golgi‐like definition of the staining enabled analysis of the NADPHd architecture in the cockroach and comparison with that in the locust. NADPHd in the tactile neuropils of the thoracic ganglia showed a similar organization in the two species. The olfactory glomeruli of the antennal lobes were in both species densely innervated by NADPHd‐positive local interneurons that correlated in number with the number of glomeruli. Thus, the NADPHd architectures appear highly conserved in primary sensory neuropils. In the cockroach mushroom bodies, particularly dense staining in the γ‐layer of the lobes was apparently derived from Kenyon cells, whereas extrinsic arborizations were organized in domains across the lobes, an architecture that contrasts with the previously described tubular compartmentalization of locust mushroom bodies. These divergent architectures may result in different spatiotemporal dynamics of NO diffusion and suggest species differences in the role of NO in the mushroom bodies. J. Comp. Neurol. 448:165–185, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
γ‐Aminobutyric acidB receptors and the development of the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus
Authors: Davis Aline M. , Henion Timothy R. , Tobet Stuart A. 
Published: October 2002

Abstractγ‐Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a highly abundant neurotransmitter in the brain and the ligand for GABAA, GABAB, and GABAC receptors. Unlike GABAA and GABAC receptors, which are chloride channels, GABAB receptors are G‐protein linked and alter cell‐signaling pathways. Electrophysiological studies have found GABAB receptors in cultured embryonic hypothalamus, but the distribution of these receptors remains unknown. In the present study, we examined the expression of GABAB receptors in the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMH) during embryonic mouse development. GABAB receptors were present in the VMH at all ages examined, from embryonic day 13 to postnatal day 6. Using a brain slice preparation, we examined the effect of GABAB receptor activation on cell movement in the embryonic VMH as the nucleus forms in vitro. The GABAB receptor agonist baclofen decreased the rate of cell movement in a dose‐dependent manner. Baclofen reduced cell movement by up to 56% compared with vehicle‐treated controls. The percentage of cells moving per field and the angles of cell movement were not affected. With our previous findings of GABAA receptor activation, it is likely that GABA influences VMH development via multiple mechanisms. J. Comp. Neurol. 449:270–280, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pulvinar and other subcortical connections of dorsolateral visual cortex in monkeys
Authors: Weller Rosalyn E. , Steele Gregory E. , Kaas Jon H. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe present study used injections of neuroanatomical tracers to determine the subcortical connections of the caudal and rostral subdivisions of the dorsolateral area (DL) and the middle temporal crescent area (MTC) in owl monkeys (Aotus trivirgatus), squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus), and macaque monkeys (Macaca fascicularis and M. radiata). Emphasis was on connections with the pulvinar. Patterns of corticopulvinar connections were related to subdivisions of the inferior pulvinar (PI) defined by histochemical or immunocytochemical architecture. Connections of DL/MTC were with the PI subdivisions, PICM, PICL, and PIp; the lateral pulvinar (PL); and, more sparsely, the lateral portion of the medial pulvinar (PM). In squirrel monkeys, there was a tendency for caudal DL to have stronger connections with PICL than PICM and for rostral DL/MTC to have stronger connections with PICM than PICL. In all three primates, DL/MTC had reciprocal connections with the pulvinar and claustrum; received afferents from the locus coeruleus, dorsal raphe, nucleus annularis, central superior nucleus, pontine reticular formation, lateral geniculate nucleus, paracentral nucleus, central medial nucleus, lateral hypothalamus, basal nucleus of the amygdala, and basal nucleus of Meynert/substantia innominata; and sent efferents to the pons, superior colliculus, reticular nucleus, caudate, and putamen. Projections from DL/MTC to the nucleus of the optic tract were also observed in squirrel and owl monkeys. Similarities in the subcortical connections of the dorsolateral region, especially those with the pulvinar, provide further support for the conclusion that the DL regions are homologous in the three primate groups. J. Comp. Neurol. 450:215–240, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Distribution of galanin receptor 1 immunoreactivity in the rat stomach and small intestine
Authors: Pham Thomas , Guerrini Stefania , Wong Helen , Reeve Joseph , Sternini Catia 
Published: October 2002

AbstractGalanin affects gastrointestinal functions by activating different G protein–coupled receptors. Here, we identified the sites of expression of the galanin receptor 1 (GAL‐R1) subtype in the rat stomach and small intestine by using immunohistochemistry with an antibody raised to the third intracellular loop of rat GAL‐R1 (GAL‐R1Y225‐238) and confocal microscopy. Antibody specificity was confirmed by (1) the detection of a band at approximately 70 kDa in Western blot of membranes from GAL‐R1 transfected cells, (2) the cell surface staining of GAL‐R1 transfected cells, which was not detected in control cells, and (3) the abolition of Western signal and tissue immunostaining by preadsorbing the antibody with the peptide used for immunization. GAL‐R1 immunoreactivity was localized to the cell surface of enterochromaffin‐like cells, and of myenteric and submucous neurons, and to fibers distributed to the plexuses, interconnecting strands, muscle layers, vasculature, and mucosa. A dense network of GAL‐R1 immunoreactivity was observed in the deep muscular plexus in very close association with interstitial cells of Cajal visualized by c‐kit immunostaining. In the ileum, 81.6% of GAL‐R1 myenteric neurons and 70.7% of GAL‐R1 submucosal neurons were substance P immunoreactive. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide immunoreactivity was found in 48.3% of GAL‐R1 submucosal neurons, but not in GAL‐R1 myenteric neurons. These findings support the hypothesis that GAL‐R1 mediates galanin actions on gastrointestinal motility and secretion by modulating the release of other neurotransmitters and contributes to galanin‐induced inhibition of gastric acid secretion by means of the suppression of endogenous histamine release. J. Comp. Neurol. 450:292–302, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Front propagation in periodic excitable media
Authors: Berestycki Henri , Hamel François 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis paper is devoted to the study of pulsating travelling fronts for reaction‐diffusion‐advection equations in a general class of periodic domains with underlying periodic diffusion and velocity fields. Such fronts move in some arbitrarily given direction with an unknown effective speed. The notion of pulsating travelling fronts generalizes that of travelling fronts for planar or shear flows. Various existence, uniqueness and monotonicity results are proved for two classes of reaction terms. Firstly, for a combustion‐type nonlinearity, it is proved that the pulsating travelling front exists and that its speed is unique. Moreover, the front is increasing with respect to the time variable and unique up to translation in time. We also consider one class of monostable nonlinearity which arises either in combustion or biological models. Then, the set of possible speeds is a semi‐infinite interval, closed and bounded from below. For each possible speed, there exists a pulsating travelling front which is increasing in time. This result extends the classical Kolmogorov‐Petrovsky‐Piskunov case. Our study covers in particular the case of flows in all of space with periodic advections such as periodic shear flows or a periodic array of vortical cells. These results are also obtained for cylinders with oscillating boundaries or domains with a periodic array of holes. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Application of molecular genetics to the diagnosis of lymphoid‐rich effusions: Study of 95 cases with concomitant immunophenotyping
Authors: Mihaescu Anca , Gebhard Sandra , Chaubert Pascal , Rochat Marie‐Christine , Braunschweig Richard , Bosman Fred T. , Delacrétaz Françoise , Benhattar Jean 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe cytological differentiation between reactive lymphocytosis and malignant lymphoma in serous effusions is often difficult. The present study was designed to evaluate the potential contribution of molecular genetic clonality analysis to a solution to this problem. We examined the cytological specimens of 95 consecutive patients collected during a 4‐yr period, including 74 pleural, 20 peritoneal, and one pericardial fluids. Cytological diagnosis in the 95 lymphocyte‐rich effusions was positive for lymphoma in 20 cases, suspicious for lymphoma in 26 cases, and negative in 49 cases. The analysis by ICC was not carried out, inconclusive, or noninterpretable in 25 cases. In five cases molecular genetic analysis was hampered by technical problems. By immunocytochemistry, eight additional cases of lymphoma were detected and lineage classification was achieved in 15 of the 20 cytologically positive effusions. PCR and Southern blot analysis were used to assess B‐ and T‐cell clonality. Monoclonality was found in 40 (42%) of the 95 effusions analyzed. One‐third of the effusions with a monoclonal B‐cell gene rearrangement were detected by Southern blot analysis but not by the PCR performed in parallel. The results of molecular genetic analysis were corroborated by histological findings and/or clinical evolution in 15 cases. Our results indicate that molecular genetic analysis is a useful tool in the analysis of lymphocyte‐rich serous effusions. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2002;27:90–95. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.