bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Graphene‐Based Lateral Heterojunctions for 2D Integrated Circuits
Authors: Haidari Mohd.Musaib , Jang Dong Jin , Yoon Duhee , Kim Hakseong , Choi Hong Kyw , Yi Yoonsik , Kim Jin Hong , Ko Jin‐Yong , Lee Dooho , Kee Eun Hee , Jeong Hu Young , Park Jeong Young , Park Bae Ho , Choi Jin Sik 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA method for patterning single‐layer graphene (SLG) and single‐layer oxidized graphene (SOG) within a continuous atomic layer to form lateral heterojunctions is presented. Raman spectroscopy is employed to investigate the evolution of defect‐related Raman peaks during excimer‐UV irradiation, facilitating the identification of structural changes and defect formation processes. Electrical transport measurements reveal that SOG‐patterned field‐effect transistors (FETs) exhibit varying characteristics depending on the degree of oxidation, thus offering the potential to tailor the electrical properties of graphene devices for specific requirements. Scanning Kelvin probe microscopy measurements reveal the surface potential and work function of the SOG regions compared with those of SLG. The effective functionality of the SOG pattern to operate as a resistor, allowing control of the electrical conductivity in the SOG‐patterned SLG channels, is demonstrated. This capability restricts the current flow while preserving the pristine electrical properties of the graphene channel. Moreover, the SOG pattern can serve as a potential barrier to constructing SLG‐SOG‐patterned integrated circuits, providing exciting opportunities for engineering advanced electronic components. This breakthrough in graphene devices simplifies the fabrication process of graphene‐based FETs and provides the foundation for developing atomically thin integrated circuits for a wide range of applications.
Dhurrin content and biomass yield in sorghum hybrids throughout plant growth cycle
Authors: Macolino Stefano , Pornaro Cristina , Pignata Guido , Lauriault Leonard 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn recent years, the use of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] in crop rotation as a green manure to decrease nematode infestation and promote the growth of subsequent crops has strongly increased. The reason why sorghum is effective in biofumigation against root‐knot nematodes is because it releases dhurrin, a cyanogenic glycoside found in epidermal leaf tissue. Currently, there is little information regarding dhurrin production deriving from dhurrin concentration and biomass produced. A field study was conducted in northeastern Italy to investigate the change in dhurrin content and biomass production of three commercial sorghum‐sudangrass cultivars (Hay Day, Mataco, and Ruzrok), over their entire growth cycle under seeding dates (May and July). Regardless of the growing period, Ruzrok displayed a higher dhurrin production. During the early growth stages, Ruzrok did not exhibit a higher yield compared with Mataco and Hay Day, hence its higher potential as a biofumigant is due to the higher concentration of dhurrin in plant tissues. During spring conditions, all tested cultivars showed higher dhurrin production up to a height of 100 cm, while the amount of dhurrin did not significantly change during the entire growing period in summer.
A non‐metal single atom nanozyme for cutting off the energy and reducing power of tumors
Authors: Cheng Junjie , Li Li , Jin Duo , Zhang Yajie , Yu Wenxin , Yu Jiaji , Zou Jianhua , Dai Yi , Zhu Yang , Liu Manman , Zhang Miya , Sun Yongfu , Liu Yangzhong , Chen Xiaoyuan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractEnzymes are considered safe and effective therapeutic tools for various diseases. With the increasing integration of biomedicine and nanotechnology, artificial nanozymes offer advanced controllability and functionality in medical design. However, several notable gaps, such as catalytic diversity, specificity and biosafety, still exist between nanozymes and their native counterparts. Here we report a non‐metal single‐selenium (Se)‐atom nanozyme (SeSAE), which exhibits potent nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase‐mimetic activity. This novel single atom nanozyme provides a safe alternative to conventional metal‐based catalysts and effectively cuts off the cellular energy and reduction equivalents through its distinctive catalytic function in tumors. In this study, we have demonstrated the substantial efficacy of SeSAE as an antitumor nanomedicine across diverse mouse models without discernible systemic adverse effects. The mechanism of the NADPH oxidase‐like activity of the non‐metal SeSAE was rationalized by density functional theory calculations. Furthermore, comprehensive elucidation of the biological functions, cell death pathways, and metabolic remodeling effects of the nanozyme was conducted, aiming to provide valuable insights into the development of single atom nanozymes with clinical translation potential.
Aza[5]helicene‐Derived Semiconducting Polymers for Improved Performance in Perovskite Solar Cells: Exploring Energetic and Morphological Influences
Authors: Zhang Yuyan , He Lifei , Cai Yaohang , Zhang Jing , Wang Peng 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe strategic design of solution‐processable semiconducting polymers possessing both matched energy levels and elevated glass transition temperatures is of urgent importance in the progression of thermally robust n‐i‐p perovskite solar cells with efficiencies exceeding 25 %. In this work, we employed direct arylation polymerization to achieve the high‐yield synthesis of three aza[5]helicene‐derived copolymers with distinct HOMO energy levels and exceptional glass transition temperatures. Upon integration of these semiconducting polymers into formamidinium lead triiodide‐based perovskite solar cells, marked disparities in photovoltaic parameters manifest, primarily stemming from variations in the electrical conductivity and film morphology of the hole transport layers. The p‐A5HP‐E‐POZOD‐E copolymer, featuring a main chain comprising alternating repeats of aza[5]helicene, ethylenedioxythiophene, phenoxazine, and ethylenedioxythiophene, attains an initial average efficiency of 25.5 %, markedly surpassing reference materials such as spiro‐OMeTAD (23.0 %), PTAA (17.0 %), and P3HT (11.6 %). Notably, p‐A5HP‐E‐POZOD‐E exhibits a high cohesive energy density, resulting in enhanced Young's modulus and diminished external species diffusion coefficients, thereby conferring perovskite solar cells with exceptional 85 °C tolerance and operational stability.
Fluorinated MOF‐Based Hexafluoropropylene Nanotrap for Highly Efficient Purification of Octafluoropropane Electronic Specialty Gas
Authors: Zheng Mingze , Xue Wenjuan , Yan Tongan , Jiang Zefeng , Fang Zhi , Huang Hongliang , Zhong Chongli 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHigh‐purity octafluoropropane (C3F8) electronic specialty gas is a key chemical raw material in semiconductor and integrated circuit manufacturing industry, while selective removal of hexafluoropropylene (C3F6) impurity for C3F8 purification is essential but a challenging task. Here we report a fluorinated cage‐like MOF Zn‐bzc‐CF3 (bzc=5‐(trifluoromethyl)‐1H‐pyrazole‐4‐carboxylic acid) for C3F6/C3F8 separation. The incorporation of −CF3 groups not only provides suitable pore aperture size for highly efficient size‐exclusive C3F6/C3F8 separation, but also creates hydrophobic microenvironments, endowing Zn‐bz‐CF3 high chemical stability. Remarkably, Zn‐bzc‐CF3 exhibits high C3F6 adsorption capacity while excluding C3F8, achieving ideal molecular‐sieving C3F6/C3F8 separation. Breakthrough experiments show that Zn‐bzc‐CF3 can efficiently separate C3F6/C3F8 mixture and high‐purity C3F8 (99.9 %) can be obtained.
Updated EUROCAT guidelines for classification of cases with congenital anomalies
Authors: Bergman Jorieke E. H. , Perraud Annie , Barišić Ingeborg , Kinsner‐Ovaskainen Agnieszka , Morris Joan K. , Tucker David , Wellesley Diana , Garne Ester 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundPrecise and correct classification of congenital anomalies is important in epidemiological studies, not only to classify according to etiology but also to group similar congenital anomalies together, to create homogeneous subgroups for surveillance and research. This paper presents the updated EUROCAT (European surveillance of congenital anomalies) subgroups of congenital anomalies and the updated multiple congenital anomaly (MCA) algorithm and provides the underlying arguments for the revisions.MethodsThe EUROCAT methodology is described. In addition, we show how we validated the revised EUROCAT subgroups and MCA algorithm, which are both based on the International Classification of Diseases (ICD10/ICD9) codes.ResultsThe updated EUROCAT subgroups and the updated MCA algorithm are described in detail and the updated version is compared to the previous versions.ConclusionThe EUROCAT subgroups and MCA algorithm provide a standardized and clear methodology for congenital anomaly research and epidemiological surveillance of congenital anomalies in order to facilitate the identification of teratogenic exposures and to assess the impact of primary prevention and prenatal screening policies. The EUROCAT subgroups and MCA algorithm are made freely available for other researchers via the EUROCAT Database Management Software.
Intravenous thrombolysis in acute ischemic stroke patients with pre‐stroke disability: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Bao Qiangji , Wu Xinting , Li Yiming , Chen Shujun , Zhang Qiang , Yang Mingfei , Yang Peng 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundIntravenous thrombolysis (IVT), which is safe and effective, is the first‐line therapy for acute ischemic stroke (AIS). However, its benefit for AIS patients with pre‐stroke disability (PSD) is controversial.ObjectiveWe determined the association of PSD with the safety and efficacy of IVT among patients with AIS.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library from inception to May 23, 2022. The articles focusing on outcomes of AIS patients with PSD receiving IVT were retrieved. We used the random‐effects model to pool outcomes including mortality, 24 h NIHSS improvement, symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH), favorable functional outcome (FFO), the favorable outcome, and mortality prevalence.ResultsTen studies (including 245,773 participants) that reported the outcomes of AIS patients with PSD undergoing IVT were included. In unadjusted analyses, PSD was associated with mortality (10 studies; odds ratio [OR] 1.739, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.336–2.407), FFO (7 studies; OR 1.057, 95% CI, 1.015–1.100), 24 h NIHSS improvement (5 studies; OR .840, 95% CI, .819–.917, p = .000), and sICH (9 studies; OR .773, 95% CI, .481–1.243). In adjusted analyses, PSD was associated with mortality (seven studies; ORadj 1.789, 95% CI, 1.413–2.264), FFO (five studies; ORadj 1.087, 95% CI, 1.002–1.179), 24 h NIHSS improvement (five studies; ORadj .837, 95% CI, .799–.876), and sICH (five studies; ORadj .857, 95% CI, .725–1.012). The prevalence of FFO and mortality in patients with pre‐stroke modified Rankin Scale scores of 2–5 were 49% (0.42–0.56) and 37% (0.21–0.53), respectively.ConclusionsPatients with PSD undergoing IVT had a higher mortality rate than those without PSD. Meanwhile, PSD was associated with FFO, and there was no significant difference in sICH and 24 h NIHSS improvement. High‐quality data are needed to clarify the benefits of administering IVT in these patients.
Association of cigarette smoking with cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of insulin sensitivity and neurodegeneration
Authors: Wang Fan , Li Hui , Kong Tiantian , Shan Ligang , Guo Jiajia , Wu Yan , Luo Xingguang , Satyanarayanan Senthil Kumaran , Su Kuan‐Pin , Liu Yanlong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntroductionCigarette smoking increases both the risk for insulin resistance and amyloid‐β (Aβ) aggregation, and impaired brain insulin/insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF1) signaling might increase risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD). We aimed to investigate the association among cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) insulin sensitivity/IGF1, glucose/lactate, and Aβ42 and further explore whether insulin sensitivity contributed to the risk for AD in active smokers.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, levels of insulin, IGF1, and lactate/glucose of 75 active smokers and 78 nonsmokers in CSF were measured. Three polymorphisms regulating IGF1 were genotyped. Analysis of variance was used to compare differences of variables between groups. Partial correlation was performed to test the relationship between CSF biomarkers and smoking status. General linear models were applied to test the interaction of the effect of single nucleotide polymorphisms and cigarette smoking on CSF IGF1 levels.ResultsIn the CSF from active smokers, IGF1 and lactate levels were significantly lower (p = .016 and p = .010, respectively), whereas Aβ42 (derived from our earlier research) and insulin levels were significantly higher (p < .001 and p = .022, respectively) as compared to the CSF from nonsmokers. The AG + GG genotype of rs6218 in active smokers had a significant effect on lower CSF IGF1 levels (p = .004) and lower CSF insulin levels in nonsmokers (p = .016).ConclusionsCigarette smoking as the “at‐risk” factor for AD might be due to lower cerebral insulin sensitivity in CSF, and the subjects with rs6218G allele seem to be more susceptible to the neurodegenerative risks for cigarette smoking.
Oxygen Activation in Aromatic Ring Cleaving Salicylate Dioxygenase: Detection of Reaction Intermediates with a Nitro‐substituted Substrate Analog
Authors: Wang Qian , Li Hanbin , Bujupi Uran , Gröning Janosch , Stolz Andreas , Bongiorno Angelo , Gupta Rupal 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCupin dioxygenases such as salicylate 1,2‐dioxygense (SDO) perform aromatic C−C bond scission via a 3‐His motif tethered iron cofactor. Here, transient kinetics measurements are used to monitor the catalytic cycle of SDO by using a nitro‐substituted substrate analog, 3‐nitrogentisate. Compared to the natural substrate, the nitro group reduces the enzymatic kcat by 500‐fold, thereby facilitating the detection and kinetic characterization of reaction intermediates. Sums and products of reciprocal relaxation times derived from kinetic measurements were found to be linearly dependent on O2 concentration, suggesting reversible formation of two distinct intermediates. Dioxygen binding to the metal cofactor takes place with a forward rate of 5.9×103 M−1 s−1: two orders of magnitude slower than other comparable ring‐cleaving dioxygenses. Optical chromophore of the first intermediate is distinct from the in situ generated SDO Fe(III)−O2⋅− complex but closer to the enzyme‐substrate precursor.
Insights on DHAP Aldolases ability to convert Dioxygen or a Ketone as Electrophile: use of a Strain Depleted in Triose Phosphate Isomerase
Authors: Paulat Léo , Laurent Victor , Hélaine Virgil , Théveniot Mariline , Petit Jean‐Louis , Lemaire Marielle , Delmas Valérie , Bouzon Madeleine , De Berardinis Véronique , Guérard‐Hélaine Christine 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRhamnulose‐1‐phosphate aldolases (RhuA) were the first dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) aldolases to be demonstrated to efficiently accept a ketone as the electrophile, providing the highly sought‐after chiral tertiary alcohol motif. It has also been found that this enzyme family can use dioxygen as an electrophile, forcing to work under inert atmosphere conditions when the target electrophile is poorly reactive. However, these features have not been explored in all DHAP‐aldolase families. Here, we present a study of E. coli K12 fuculose‐1‐phosphate‐ (FucAK12), fructose‐1,6‐bisphosphate‐ (FruAK12) and tagatose‐1,6‐bisphosphate (TagAK12) aldolases. For the latter two enzymes, this was made possible by the development of a triose phosphate isomerase (TPI)‐deleted E coli strain, which prevents DHAP isomerization into d‐glyceraldehyde 3‐phosphate (G3P), its natural electrophile. Like RhuA, TagAK12 was found to be able to oxidize DHAP into hydroxypyruvaldehyde phosphate under dioxygen, leading to the corresponding diulose. On the other hand, FucAK12 was revealed to be capable of converting ketone electrophiles with greater stereoselectivity than RhuA, and without the requirement of an inert atmosphere, since it was unable to oxidize DHAP. Finally, FruAK12 proved unable either to oxidize DHAP and or to accept ketones as electrophiles.
Hierarchical Sea Urchin‐like Fe‐doped Heazlewoodite for High‐Efficient Oxygen Evolution
Authors: Shang Kun , Guo Junpo , Ma Yingjun , Liu Hangning , Zhang Xiaoling , Wang Huizhen , Wang Jie , Yan Zhenhua 
Published: February 2024

AbstractElectrochemical water‐splitting to produce hydrogen is potential to substitute the traditional industrial coal gasification, but the oxygen evolution kinetics at the anode remains sluggish. In this paper, sea urchin‐like Fe doped Ni3S2 catalyst growing on nickel foam (NF) substrate is constructed via a simple two‐step strategy, including surface iron activation and post sulfuration process. The NF‐Fe‐Ni3S2 obtains at temperature of 130 °C (NF‐Fe‐Ni3S2‐130) features nanoneedle‐like arrays which are vertically grown on the particles to form sea urchin‐like morphology, features high electrochemical surface area. As oxygen evolution catalyst, NF‐Fe‐Ni3S2‐130 exhibits excellent oxygen evolution activities, fast reaction kinetics, and superior reaction stability. The excellent OER performance of sea urchin‐like NF‐Fe‐Ni3S2‐130 is mainly ascribed to the high‐vertically dispersive of nanoneedles and the existing Fe dopants, which obviously improved the reaction kinetics and the intrinsic catalytic properties. The simple preparation strategy is conducive to establish high‐electrochemical‐interface catalysts, which shows great potential in renewable energy conversion.
Wide hybridization in sorghum with tertiary gene pool for diversification of parental lines
Authors: Meena Kanti , Jacob Jinu , Bhavyasri M. , Aruna C. , Sanjana Reddy P. , Rajendrakumar P. , Singode Avinash , Tara Satyavathi C. , Visarada K. B. R. S. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSorghum (S. bicolor) is a great millet that constitutes the staple food in many parts of the world and is cultivated in the semi‐arid tropics. The grain is bestowed with traits that make it amenable for many value‐added products, thus increasing the demand. Considerable progress is achieved in increasing the yield in the past through exploitation of primary gene pool species and secondary gene pool species to a very limited extent, but further increase is challenging and it necessitates bringing in the genetic diversity from other gene pools. Tertiary gene pool of sorghum has not been exploited so far due to limitations of cross‐incompatibility. We accomplished inter‐specific hybridization in sorghum with the wild species of tertiary gene pool. Derivatives from three inter‐specific crosses (ISCs), Sorghum bicolor × S. versicolor (ISC304 and ISC320) and S. bicolor × S. usumbarense (ISC812), with the parental lines of popular Indian sorghum hybrids, 27B and 126B, are developed. Thirteen promising lines are identified, and they are subjected to field evaluation and molecular analysis to develop inter‐specific derivatives that are equivalent to parent progenitors in agronomic traits yet diverse enough genetically. Analysis of phenotypic data in conjunction with genotype data revealed that derivatives of S. usumbarense are promising as compared to derivatives from S. versicolor, derivatives of S. usumbarense are closely clustered as compared to that of S. versicolor, and all the derivatives carry genomic regions from both the parents, with S. bicolor genome being predominant. GGE biplot analysis identified three genotypes (ISC320‐5, ISC320‐2, and ISC812‐2) as highly promising. We successfully generated promising inter‐specific derivatives from the tertiary gene pool in sorghum for ready use in crop improvement programs.
Co‐, Ni‐, and Cu‐Doped Fe‐Based Catalysts for the Microwave‐Assisted Catalytic Pyrolysis of Polyethylene
Authors: Zhang Bin , Li Ya'nan , Lu Shuai , Hu Yanbing , Li Yang , Wang Song , Liu Jie , Tang Tao , Li Sanxi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractEnvironmental issues caused by waste polyethylene are becoming increasingly severe. Among potential treatment processes, microwave‐assisted catalytic pyrolysis is promising for converting waste plastics into valuable products owing to its energy efficiency and environmental sustainability. Herein, a modified citric acid combustion method was used to prepare a series of metal oxide catalysts with loose porous structures. The prepared Fe‐based catalysts doped with Co, Ni, or Cu were employed in the microwave‐assisted catalytic pyrolysis of polyethylene. The bimetallic Co1Fe1Ox catalyst exhibited the best performance, yielding hydrogen at a rate of 60.7 mmol/gplastic. Further variation in the Co : Fe ratio revealed that the Co1Fe9Ox catalyst achieved the highest hydrogen production efficiency (63.64 mmol/gplastic). Similar oil‐phase products were obtained over the various catalysts, as revealed by infrared spectroscopy and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) identified carbon nanotubes as the major solid product of pyrolysis, which were attached to the catalyst surface. Finally, a combination of thermogravimetric analysis, SEM, and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy indicated that the reduction in catalytic activity following recycling was caused by the accumulation of carbonaceous products on the catalyst surface. Overall, Co1Fe9Ox catalysts were favorable for obtaining H2 and carbon nanotubes by the microwave‐assisted pyrolysis of polyethylene.
Seed priming with corona discharge plasma modified growth performance, improved metabolism, and elicited production of tropane alkaloids in Datura inoxia seedlings; plasma technology for application in plant in‐vitro cultures
Authors: Tardast Zahra , Iranbakhsh Alireza , Ebadi Mostafa , Oraghi Ardebili Zahra 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study monitored the growth, biochemical, and developmental responses of Datura seedlings to the cold plasma. The effectiveness of different methods was explored to break seed dormancy. Germinating seeds were exposed to corona discharge plasma for different durations, including 0, 60, 120, 180, and 300 s. A procedure consisting of illumination with a red light (20 min), soaking in water (4°C for 48 h), and removing a part of Testa was the best method for breaking seed dormancy. The plasma treatments of 60, 120, and 180 s improved the plant growth performance, while this trait was declined in response to the plasma treatment of 300 s. The proline concentrations in both root and leaves displayed a linear significant upward trend in response to the plasma treatments. The plasma for 180 s was the most effective method to increase tropane alkaloids. With increasing the exposure time from 60 to 300 s, the leaf soluble phenols were linearly enhanced. The plasma application for 60, 120, and 180 s significantly augmented total protein concentration, while the exposure of seeds for 300 s significantly diminished it. The highest amounts of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophylls and carotenoids) were recorded in the seedlings treated with plasma for 120 and 180 s. The activities of enzymatic antioxidants (catalase and peroxidase) showed a similar upward trend to that of proline. The plasma priming also improved the phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase activity (a secondary metabolism index). Further investigations are needed to optimize plasma parameters and understand the involved mechanisms to maximize its benefits while minimizing potential risks.