bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nature and nurture: Comparing mouse behavior in classic versus revised anxiety‐like and social behavioral assays in genetically or environmentally defined groups
Authors: Ronquillo Janet , Nguyen Michael T. , Rothi Linnea Y. , Bui‐Tu Trung‐Dan , Yang Jocelyn , Halladay Lindsay R. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWidely used rodent anxiety assays like the elevated plus maze (EPM) and the open field test (OFT) are conflated with rodents' natural preference for dark over light environments or protected over open spaces. The EPM and OFT have been used for decades but are often criticized by behavioral scientists. Years ago, two revised anxiety assays were designed to improve upon the “classic” tests by excluding the possibility to avoid or escape aversion. The 3‐D radial arm maze (3DR) and the 3‐D open field test (3Doft) utilize continual motivational conflict to better model anxiety; each consist of an open space connected to ambiguous paths toward uncertain escape. Despite their utility, the revised assays have not caught on. This could be because no study yet has directly compared classic and revised assays in the same animals. To remedy this, we contrasted behavior from a battery of assays (EPM, OFT, 3DR, 3Doft and a sociability test) in mice defined genetically by isogenic strain, or environmentally by postnatal experience. One major motivation for this work is to inform future studies by offering a transparent look at individual outcomes on these assays, as there is no one‐size‐fits‐all test to assess rodent anxiety‐like behavior. Findings suggest that classic assays may sufficiently characterize differences across genetically defined groups, but the revised 3DR may be advantageous for investigating more nuanced behavioral differences such as those stemming from environmental factors. Finally, exposure to multiple assays significantly affected sociability, highlighting concerns for designing and interpreting batteries of rodent behavioral tests.
“When money is more valuable than people…”: The pandemic as a call for business to care
Authors: Reed Heidi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic created extreme conditions in which the need for care was overwhelming and led to competing stakeholder demands. What are society's expectations of business in such conditions, and how might these expectations challenge traditional understandings of the business in society relationship? Using a qualitative survey during the initial stages of the pandemic, the study draws on participants from the US public to identify what they viewed as responsible and irresponsible business behavior in response to the COVID‐19 crisis. Analysis reveals that participants' perceptions are strongly rooted in ethics of care reasoning. This reasoning exposes gaps in CSR and stakeholder theories around “who and what really counts”, while offering a different conception of balancing business self‐interest with external demands. Drawing on this finding, the study joins scholarship highlighting the need for a political care movement and argues that untangling care from neoliberal capitalist logics would resolve many of the competing stakeholder demands and paradoxes that characterize grand challenges such as the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Elevated intraneural vascularization of the median nerve proximal to the arteriovenous fistula in hemodialysis patients suspected of carpal tunnel syndrome: A case series
Authors: Bagge Carina N. , Lindhard Kristine , Liem Ylian S. , Lindquist Janus Kaufmann , Balazs‐Becsi Eszter , Wolfram Nils 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPatients with end‐stage kidney disease may require creation of an arteriovenous fistula in order to receive hemodialysis treatment. The creation may result in several complications, including carpal tunnel syndrome. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to relieve symptoms, prevent permanent nerve damage, and improve quality of life. However, the sensory and motor disturbances resembling carpal tunnel syndrome could be related to other etiologies than external compression of the median nerve underneath the transverse ligament. This case report presents eight patients with a radiocephalic arteriovenous fistula, who all had symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome. Ultrasonographic examination showed a segmental intraneural hypervascularization of a large vessel inside the median nerve proximal to the wrist and arteriovenous fistula anastomosis with garland‐like course as well as multiple flow velocities. The neurophysiological findings showed a significant decreased velocity in the ipsilateral forearm to the arteriovenous fistula.
Changes in leukocyte telomere length among children with obesity participating in a behavioural weight control program
Authors: Rehkopf David H. , Wojcicki Janet M. , Haydel K. Farish , Lin Jue , Smith Dana L. , Kapphahn Kristopher I. , Robinson Thomas N. 
Published: October 2023

SummaryObjectiveTo examine changes in leukocyte telomere length (LTL) during and after a behavioural weight control program for children with obesity.MethodsWe measured LTL among a cohort of 158 children 8–12 years of age with a body mass index greater than or equal to the 95th percentile for age and sex. Children were 55% female, 29% white, 52% Latinx, 8% Asian and 11% Pacific Islander, other or multiethnic. All children participated in a 6‐month, family‐based, group behavioural weight control program and were assessed before treatment, after treatment and 1 year after the end of treatment. To test the sample population slope of LTL over the intervention and maintenance time periods, we fit spline mixed‐effect regression models.ResultsLTL increased an average of 0.09 T/S units per year (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.04 to 0.13; p = 0.0001) during the weight control program intervention period, followed by an average decline of −0.05 T/S units per year (95% CI −0.08 to −0.03; p < 0.0001) during the 1 year of follow‐up after the completion of the intervention. Among 26 social, psychological, behavioural and physiological factors we examined, we did not find any predictors of these changes.ConclusionsLTL increased in response to a behavioural weight control program among children with obesity, suggesting an impact on biological health and cellular aging from participation in a behavioural weight control intervention. LTL may be a useful biomarker for assessing changes in response to behavioural interventions.
K‐12 teachers' programming attitudes among different disciplines: Analysis of influential factors
Authors: Sun Lihui , Zhou Danhua 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundIntegrating programming in K‐12 curriculum has become a global consensus. Teachers are central figures in programming instruction. But the majority of current research focuses on teachers' external teaching behaviours and less on teachers' attitudes towards programming.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study is to validate the K‐12 in‐service Teacher Programming Attitudes Scale (TPAS), to analyse teachers' programming attitudes and their differences in personal, teaching, and environmental factors, and further explore the predictive relationship.MethodsThe sample is 888 K‐12 teachers from China. First, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were adopted to validate the availability and reliability of TPAS; Second, independent sample t‐test and one‐way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were adopted to explain the differences. Finally, correlation analysis and linear regression analysis were adopted to verify the correlation and prediction relationship.Results and ConclusionTPAS possess good reliability and validity (χ2/df = 2.488, RMSEA = 0.055, CFI = 0.943, TLI = 0.935, and IFI = 0.943). Further analysis found that, first of all, male teachers possess more positive programming attitudes than female teachers; second, young teachers who are under 30 and the length of teaching under 5 years possess more positive programming attitudes; thirdly, in addition to Information and Communication Technology teachers, primary science teachers also possess high programming attitudes, followed by teachers of Humanities and Arts, reflecting the potential of teaching programming in integrated subjects and the humanities. Finally, primary school teachers possess the best programming attitudes. With the growth of grade, teachers' enthusiasm for programming has gradually decreased. Additionally, discipline, grade and gender factors were considered to predict K‐12 teachers' programming attitudes.ImplicationsThe results of this study contribute to integrating programming teaching of teachers and promoting programming education in K‐12 classrooms.
Hidradenitis suppurativa associated telomere‐methylome dysregulations in blood
Authors: Radhakrishna Uppala , Ratnamala Uppala , Jhala Devendrasinh D. , Uppala Lavanya V. , Vedangi Aaren , Saiyed Nazia , Patel Maulikkumar , Vadsaria Nikita , Shah Sushma R. , Rawal Rakesh M. , Mercuri Santo R. , McGonagle Dennis , Jemec Gregor B. E. , Damiani Giovanni 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundHidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic debilitating disease with a significant burden of both organic and psychological comorbidities. It has been shown that certain telomere‐related genes (TRGs) affect a wide range of diseases, including HS and its associated comorbidities, but their exact role in HS pathogenesis is still unknown.ObjectivesTo determine whether TRG methylomes can be used as biomarkers in HS.MethodsUsing the Illumina HumanMethylation450 BeadChip array, we examined methylation variations associated with TRGs in HS cases and age‐, sex‐ and ethnicity‐matched healthy controls. The study utilized integrated bioinformatics statistical methods, such as a false discovery rate (FDR), the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and principal component analysis.ResultsThere were a total of 585 different differentially methylated CpG sites identified in 585 TRGs associated with HS (474 hypomethylated and 111 hypermethylated) (FDR p‐value < 0.05). A number of these CpGs have been identified as being involved in increased pain sensitivity including EPAS1, AHR, CSNK1D, DNMT1, IKBKAP, NOS3, PLCB1 and PRDM16 genes; GABRB3 as a potential alcohol addiction marker; DDB1, NSMCE2 and HNRNPA2B1 associated with cancers. Pathway analysis identified 67 statistically significant pathways, including DNA repair, telomere maintenance, mismatch repair and cell cycle control (p < 0.001).ConclusionThe disruption of TRGs leads to the shortening of telomeres, which is associated with HS progression, ageing, cellular senescence and an increased risk of various diseases, including cancer and associated comorbidities, such as metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease and inflammatory disorders. Further research is necessary to better understand the underlying mechanisms and establish causal links between TRGs and HS. The present study is the first effort to comprehend potential pathomechanisms of sporadic HS cases concentrating on PBMC methylome since ours.
Interdecadal changes in ichthyofauna in a tropical bay with high anthropogenic influences: functional stability despite turnover predominance
Authors: de Sousa Gomes‐Gonçalves Rafaela , Araújo Francisco Gerson 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFunctional characteristics of species are of great importance for understanding their roles in ecosystems and can be used to detect long‐term chances in the environment. We evaluated temporal changes (1983–1985 and 2017–2019) in taxonomic and functional indices of the fish fauna in shallow areas of a tropical bay heavily impacted by anthropogenic activities in recent decades. The hypothesis that functional indices change over time as a result of environmental degradation was tested. Our results showed a significant decrease in species richness and abundance over time, and in functional richness, while others functional diversity indices (divergency, evenness, and originality) remained stable. Thirteen functional groups were detected, some of which contained only one species, raising concerns about the loss of ecosystem functions due to ongoing changes. We also observed an increase in beta diversity over time, which may be the result of a decrease in local richness without leading to regional extinctions. Turnover was the most important process in structuring the fish fauna at the evaluated time scale. The relative stability of the functional structure and the higher levels of turnover seem to be related to the dominance of functional groups, within which species replace each other according to their responses to environmental filters that select for specific functional traits. Incorporating functional diversity indices and beta diversity variations in the fish community helped to enhance the existing information about this coastal system by offering improved estimates of biological diversity through diverse approaches. The predominance of turnover identified in the preset study suggests a dynamic and fluctuating species composition within the habitat. In this sense, habitat preservation should prioritize the protection of diverse habitats to accommodate a broad spectrum of species.
Sleep deprivation and medication administration errors in registered nurses—A scoping review
Authors: Martin Christopher Vincent , Joyce‐McCoach Joanne , Peddle Monica , East Christine Elizabeth 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimTo explore whether sleep deprivation contributes to medication errors in registered nurses (RNs).BackgroundSleep deprivation is a potential issue for RNs, particularly those who work shifts. Sleep deprivation has been found to have a negative impact on numerous cognitive processes. Nurses administer several medications to patients a day, potentially while sleep deprived—anecdotal reports suggest that this could result in an increased risk of error occurring.DesignA scoping review was conducted using the Prisma‐ScR extension framework to explore what is known about the effect of RNs' sleep deprivation on medication administration errors.MethodsA search of databases generated 171 results. When inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, 18 empirical studies were analysed. Studies included retrospective analysis of errors, surveys of perceptions of causes and observational studies.ResultsData indicated that RNs consider fatigue, which may be caused by sleep deprivation, to be a contributing factor to medication errors. The search only identified three observer studies, which provided conflicting results as to whether lack of sleep contributes to the error rate. Of the numerous tools used to measure sleep, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was the most frequently used.ConclusionAlthough RNs anecdotally consider a lack of sleep potentially contributes to medication errors, there is insufficient research to provide robust evidence to confirm this assumption.No Patient or Public ContributionsPatient or public contributions were not required for this scoping review.Relevance to Clinical PracticeSleep deprivation is a potential issue for nurses, especially those who work shifts. Poor sleep impacts cognitive processes that potentially could increase errors. Nurses should be aware of the impact sleep may have on patient safety.
Examining area‐ and individual‐level differences in suicide ideation severity and suicide attempt among youth
Authors: Cambron Christopher , Jaggers Jeremiah W. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractYouth suicide is a pressing problem and suicide rates are not equally distributed across geographic areas or socioeconomic status (SES). Death by suicide is often preceded factors including hopelessness and suicide ideation, planning, and attempt. The current study examined area‐ and individual‐level differences in suicide ideation severity and suicide attempt in a state‐representative sample of youth from 2019 (N = 78,740) and 2021 (N = 61,396). Youth from higher SES and rural areas showed lower suicide ideation severity and odds of suicide attempt. After including individual‐level covariates, SES differences in ideation severity and suicide attempt persisted for 2019 but not 2021. Rural differences for ideation severity persisted across years but not for suicide attempt. Further research on geographic variation in suicide risk is needed.
First report of leaf spot caused by Canariomyces microsporus in hulless barley in China
Authors: Ma J. Q. , Bao G. S. , Meng S. Y. , Zhou Q. P. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFrom September 2021 to September 2022, leaf spots appeared in hulless barley seedlings in the experimental field of Qinghai University (36°62′ N, 101°77′ E) with an incidence of 35%–60%. In this study, four diseased samples were collected from different experimental sites at Qinghai University for analysis. Moreover, four strains with the same colony and microscopic morphology were isolated. A representative QK‐1 strain was used for DNA extraction and sequencing via PCR amplification using a multi‐gene phylogenetic analysis (ITS, tub2 and EF‐1α). BLAST search revealed that ITS, tub2 and EF‐1α sequence shared 99.59% (accession MH860852), 98.97% (MK926899) and 95.37% (MN078437) nucleotide sequence similarity with isolate CBS276.74 of C. microsporus. The fungus that caused leaf spot of the hulless barley was then identified as Canariomyces microspores. Similar symptoms were observed on hulless barley seedlings after control inoculation with the QK‐1 strain, consistent with the Koch's hypothesis. This is the first study reporting on C. microsporus in Hulless barley in China, suggesting that barley is a new host of C. microsporus.
Exploring the emotional and behavioural profile in paediatric narcolepsy type 1: A case–control study
Authors: Simoncini Malucelli Giorgia , Mercante Anna , Pizza Fabio , Brunetti Valerio , Biscarini Francesco , Vandi Stefano , Mazzoni Alice , Franceschini Christian , Della Marca Giacomo , Vollono Catello , Chieffo Daniela Pia Rosaria , Plazzi Giuseppe 
Published: October 2023

SummaryNarcolepsy type 1 (NT1) is a central disorder of hypersomnolence often arising in childhood and adolescence. NT1 has a significant, but poorly defined, psychological impact. We aimed to investigate the psycho‐social functioning of children and adolescents with NT1. We performed a cross‐sectional, child and parent‐reported questionnaire survey in 37 children and adolescents (6–17 years) with NT1, compared with age‐ and sex‐matched controls. Questionnaires (SSHS, ESS‐CHAD, CDI, MASC, CBCL, CRS‐R, and SNAP‐IV) evaluated various aspects of behavioural and emotional profiles, sleep habits, and daytime sleepiness. Subsequently, NT1 intra‐group analysis was performed to investigate the effect of sex (males vs females) and pharmacological treatment (treated vs non‐treated) on psychological features. The NT1 questionnaires total scores were then correlated with the clinical characteristics (age, body mass index [BMI], ESS‐CHAD score, cerebrospinal hypocretin‐1 [Hcrt‐1] levels, and diagnostic delay). Patients with NT1 showed a higher tendency to depressive symptoms, anxiety, somatisation, inattention, hyperactivity, oppositional/defiant problems, and other maladaptive behaviours compared with controls. Among NT1 patients, females showed a higher propensity to anxiety, and non‐treated patients displayed higher depressive symptoms. Psychological symptoms increased with age, BMI, and daytime sleepiness in patients with NT1, while a younger age was associated with more frequent somatisation symptoms. Lower cerebrospinal Hcrt‐1 levels correlated with poorer social competencies, daily activities, and inattention. Diagnostic delay was associated with a higher impact of depressive symptoms and behavioural problems. NT1 in children and adolescents is associated with poorer functioning in multiple psychological domains calling for a multidisciplinary approach and monitoring to reduce disease burden and to prevent psychiatric consequences.
Thyroid hormone receptor alpha modulates fibrogenesis in hepatic stellate cells
Authors: Manka Paul , Coombes Jason D. , Sydor Svenja , Swiderska‐Syn Marzena K. , Best Jan , Gauthier Karine , van Grunsven Leo A. , Oo Ye H. , Wang Cindy , Diehl Anna M. , Hönes Georg S. , Moeller Lars C. , Figge Anja , Boosman René J. , Faber Klaas N. , Tannapfel Andrea , Goetze Oliver , Aspichueta Patricia , Lange Christian M. , Canbay Ali , Syn Wing‐Kin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveProgressive hepatic fibrosis can be considered the final stage of chronic liver disease. Hepatic stellate cells (HSC) play a central role in liver fibrogenesis. Thyroid hormones (TH, e.g. thyroxine; T4 and triiodothyronine; T3) significantly affect development, growth, cell differentiation and metabolism through activation of TH receptor α and/or β (TRα/β). Here, we evaluated the influence of TH in hepatic fibrogenesis.DesignHuman liver tissue was obtained from explanted livers following transplantation. TRα‐deficient (TRα‐KO) and wild‐type (WT) mice were fed a control or a profibrogenic methionine‐choline deficient (MCD) diet. Liver tissue was assessed by qRT‐PCR for fibrogenic gene expression. In vitro, HSC were treated with TGFβ in the presence or absence of T3. HSC with stable TRα knockdown and TRα deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) were used to determine receptor‐specific function. Activation of HSC and MEF was assessed using the wound healing assay, Western blotting, and qRT‐PCR.ResultsTRα and TRβ expression is downregulated in the liver during hepatic fibrogenesis in humans and mice. TRα represents the dominant isoform in HSC. In vitro, T3 blunted TGFβ‐induced expression of fibrogenic genes in HSC and abrogated wound healing by modulating TGFβ signalling, which depended on TRα presence. In vivo, TRα‐KO enhanced MCD diet‐induced liver fibrogenesis.ConclusionThese observations indicate that TH action in non‐parenchymal cells is highly relevant. The interaction of TRα with TH regulates the phenotype of HSC via the TGFβ signalling pathway. Thus, the TH–TR axis may be a valuable target for future therapy of liver fibrosis.
Episodic population fragmentation and gene flow reveal a trade‐off between heterozygosity and allelic richness
Authors: Hill Peta , Dickman Chris R. , Dinnage Russell , Duncan Richard P. , Edwards Scott V. , Greenville Aaron , Sarre Stephen D. , Stringer Emily J. , Wardle Glenda M. , Gruber Bernd 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn episodic environments like deserts, populations of some animal species exhibit irregular fluctuations such that populations are alternately large and connected or small and isolated. Such dynamics are typically driven by periodic resource pulses due, for example, to large but infrequent rainfall events. The repeated population bottlenecks resulting from fragmentation should lower genetic diversity over time, yet species undergoing these fluctuations appear to maintain high levels of genetic diversity. To resolve this apparent paradox, we simulated a metapopulation of constant size undergoing repeat episodes of fragmentation and change in gene flow to mimic outcomes experienced by mammals in an Australian desert. We show that episodic fragmentation and gene flow have contrasting effects on two measures of genetic diversity: heterozygosity and allelic richness. Specifically, fragmentation into many, small subpopulations, coupled with periods of infrequent gene flow, preserves allelic richness at the expense of heterozygosity. In contrast, fragmentation into a few, large subpopulations maintains heterozygosity at the expense of allelic richness. The strength of the trade‐off between heterozygosity and allelic richness depends on the amount of gene flow and the frequency of gene flow events. Our results imply that the type of genetic diversity maintained among species living in strongly fluctuating environments will depend on the way populations fragment, with our results highlighting different mechanisms for maintaining allelic richness and heterozygosity in small, fragmented populations.