bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metasomatic alteration of coarse‐grained igneous calcium‐aluminum‐rich inclusions from CK3 carbonaceous chondrites
Authors: Krot Alexander N. , Dunn Tasha L. , Petaev Michail I. , Ma Chi , Nagashima Kazuhide , Zipfel Jutta 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe report on the primary and secondary mineralogies of three coarse‐grained igneous calcium‐aluminum‐rich inclusions (CAIs) (Compact Type A [CTA], Type B [B], and forsterite‐bearing type B [FoB]) from the Northwest Africa (NWA) 5343 (CK3.7) and NWA 4964 (CK3.8) carbonaceous chondrites, compare them with the mineralogy of igneous CAIs from the Allende (CV3.6) chondrite, and discuss the nature of the alteration processes that affected the CK and CV CAIs. The primary mineralogy and mineral chemistry of the CK3 CAIs studied are similar to those from Allende; however, primary melilite and anorthite are nearly completely absent. Although the secondary minerals identified in CK CAIs (Al‐diopside, andradite, Cl‐apatite, clintonite, forsterite, ferroan olivine, Fe,Ni‐sulfides, grossular, ilmenite, magnetite, plagioclase, spinel, titanite, and wadalite) occur also in the Allende CAIs, there are several important differences: (i) In addition to melilite and anorthite, which are nearly completely replaced by secondary minerals, the alteration of CK CAIs also affected high‐Ti pyroxenes (fassaite and grossmanite) characterized by high Ti3+/Ti4+ ratio and spinel. These pyroxenes are corroded and crosscut by veins of Fe‐ and Ti‐bearing grossular, Fe‐bearing Al,Ti‐diopside, titanite, and ilmenite. Spinel is corroded by Fe‐bearing Al‐diopside and grossular. (ii) The secondary mineral assemblages of grossular + monticellite and grossular + wollastonite, commonly observed in the Allende CAIs, are absent; the Fe‐bearing grossular + Fe‐bearing Al‐diopside ± Fe,Mg‐spinel, Fe‐bearing grossular + Fe,Mg‐olivine ± Fe,Mg‐spinel, and Ca,Na‐plagioclase + Fe‐bearing Al‐diopside + Fe‐bearing grossular assemblages are present instead. These mineral assemblages are often crosscut by veins of Fe‐bearing Al‐diopside, Fe,Mg‐olivine, Fe,Mg‐spinel, and Ca,Na‐plagioclase. The coarse‐grained secondary grossular and Al‐diopside often show multilayered chemical zoning with distinct compositional boundaries between the layers; the abundances of Fe and Ti typically increase toward the grain edges. (iv) Sodium‐rich secondary minerals, nepheline and sodalite, commonly observed in the peripheral portions of the Allende CAIs, are absent; Ca,Na‐plagioclase is present instead. We conclude that coarse‐grained igneous CAIs from CK3.7–3.8 s and Allende experienced an open‐system multistage metasomatic alteration in the presence of an aqueous solution–infiltration metasomatism. This process resulted in localized mobilization of all major rock‐forming elements: Si, Ca, Al, Ti, Mg, Fe, Mn, Na, K, and Cl. The metasomatic alteration of CK CAIs is more advanced and occurred under higher temperature and higher oxygen fugacity than that of the Allende CAIs.
How otariids walk: a comparative axial analysis of the hind limb movements of California and South American sea lions
Authors: Mizuno Fumihiro , Kohno Naoki 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSeals exist at the intersection of land and water. This is especially true of eared seals (otariids), which are both highly adapted to forelimb swimming and retain the ability to walk on land. The precise nature and evolutionary history of their walking ability remains obscure, however. Here, we use axial analysis to compare the hind limb movements of California and South American sea lions with those of terrestrial plantigrades mammals. We show that, despite notable differences in foot orientation and joint position, all of our study species employ similar movements around the same centers of rotation. Our results suggest that otariid hind limbs and, in particular, the hallux play a substantial role in supporting and propelling the body during walking.
Iron: The silent culprit in your adipose tissue
Authors: Moreno‐Navarrete José María , Fernández‐Real José Manuel 
Published: October 2023

SummaryIron plays a vital role in essential biological processes and requires precise regulation within the body. Dysregulation of iron homeostasis, characterized by increased serum ferritin levels and excessive accumulation of iron in the liver, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle, is associated with obesity and insulin resistance. Notably, iron excess in adipose tissue promotes adipose tissue dysfunction. As optimal adipose tissue function is crucial for maintaining a healthy phenotype in obesity, a comprehensive understanding of iron homeostasis in adipose tissue is imperative for designing new therapeutic approaches to improve and prevent adipose tissue dysfunction. Here, we conducted a review of relevant studies, focusing on and providing valuable insights into the intricate interplay between iron and adipose tissue. It sheds light on the impact of iron on adipogenesis and the physiology of both white and brown adipose tissue. Furthermore, we highlight the critical role of key modulators, such as cytosolic aconitase, mitochondria, and macrophages, in maintaining iron homeostasis within adipose tissue.
Diagnostic imaging in lipedema: A systematic review
Authors: van la Parra Raquel F. D. , Deconinck Christine , Krug Bruno 
Published: October 2023

SummaryBackgroundDiagnosing lipedema remains a challenge due to its heterogeneous presentation, co‐existing diseases, and the lack of objective diagnostic imaging.ObjectiveThis systematic review aims to outline the currently available diagnostic imaging methods to characterize lipedema in the legs along with their diagnostic performance.MethodsPubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched. The quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies (QUADAS) tool was used for quality assessment.ResultsThirty‐two studies describing a total of 1154 patients with lipedema were included for final analysis. Features for lipedema have been defined using ultrasound (increased subcutaneous adipose tissue), lymphoscintigraphy (slowing of the lymphatic flow and a frequent asymmetry between the lower extremities), computed tomography (symmetrical bilateral soft tissue enlargement without either skin thickening or subcutaneous edema), magnetic resonance imaging (increased subcutaneous adipose tissue), MR lymphangiography (enlarged lymphatic vessels up to a diameter of 2 mm), and dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (fat mass in the legs adjusted for body mass index (BMI) ≥ 0.46 or fat mass in the legs adjusted for total fat mass ≥ 0.384).ConclusionThe diagnostic performance of currently available imaging modalities for assessing lipedema is limited. Prospective studies are needed to evaluate and compare the diagnostic performance of each imaging modality. Imaging techniques focusing on the pathogenesis of the disease are needed.
Can methylated purine bases act as photoionization hotspots?
Authors: Zhou Qian , Guo Wenwen , Hu Zheng , Yan Shuyi , Jie Jialong , Su Hongmei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe direct photoionization of DNA canonical bases under ultraviolet radiation is difficult due to the high ionization potentials. According to previous quantum chemical calculations, methylation can have great influence on the ionization potential. Are methylated nucleobases prone to photoionization and cause DNA damage? As an important epigenetic modification in transcription, expression, and regulation of genes, it is of great biological significance to explore the effect of methylation on base photoionization from the experimental perspective. Herein, we study the photoionization behavior of methylated purines 6 mA and 6mG at 266 nm using a nanosecond transient UV–Vis spectroscopy. The hydrated electron and methylated base radicals are observed, indicating the occurrence of photoionization for both 6mG and 6 mA. We measured one‐photon ionization yields to be (5.0 ± 0.2) × 10−3 and (1.4 ± 0.2) × 10−3 for 6mG and 6 mA, respectively. These are higher than those of (dA)20 and (dA20)·(dT20) previously reported, indicating that methylation significantly promotes base photoionization with a stronger effect than base stacking, consistent with calculations in literature. Given that the hydrated electrons and methylated base radicals from photoionization can trigger a cascade of deleterious reactions, the methylated purine bases may act as hotspots of DNA photoionization damage of living organisms.
Plants lacking OST1 show conditional stomatal closure and wildtype‐like growth sensitivity at high VPD
Authors: Tulva Ingmar , Välbe Mikk , Merilo Ebe 
Published: October 2023

AbstractClimate change‐associated rise in VPD (atmospheric vapor pressure deficit) results in increased plant transpiration and reduced stomatal conductance, photosynthesis, biomass, and yield. High VPD‐induced stomatal closure of Arabidopsis is an active process regulated via the kinase SnRK2.6 (OPEN STOMATA 1, OST1). Here, we performed gas exchange, leaf water potential and rosette growth measurements to study, whether (1) high VPD‐induced stomatal closure is detected in plants carrying loss‐of‐function mutations in OST1 (ost1‐3) when they are grown at reduced soil water content or measured at increased air temperature; (2) ost1‐3 plants expressing OST1 construct with no ABA‐activation domain, but intact ABA‐independent activation, show stronger stomatal VPD response compared with ost1‐3 plants; and (3) rosette area and biomass of ost1‐3 are more affected by growth at high VPD compared with Col‐0. The stomata of well‐watered ost1‐3 plants were insensitive to high VPD regardless of air temperature, but in deficit‐irrigated ost1‐3, leaf water potential decreased the most and stomata closed at high VPD. Differences between VPD‐induced stomatal closures of ost1‐3 plants and ost1‐3 plants expressing OST1 with no ABA‐activation domain point at gradual VPD‐induced ABA‐independent activation of OST1. High VPD conditions led to similar reductions in rosette area and specific leaf area of well‐watered Col‐0 and ost1‐3 plants. Rosette dry mass was unaffected by high VPD. Our results show that OST1 loss‐of‐function plants display conditional stomatal closure and no extra sensitivity of rosette area growth compared with Col‐0 wildtype under high VPD conditions.
Dynamical analysis of a degenerate and time delayed virus infection model with spatial heterogeneity
Authors: Yang Yu , Chen Jing , Zou Lan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis paper is concerned with a degenerate and time delayed virus infection model with spatial heterogeneity and general incidence. The well‐posedness of the system, including global existence, uniqueness, and ultimately boundedness of the solutions, as well as the existence of a global attractor, is discussed. The basic reproduction number is defined and a characterization of is presented. Without the compactness of the solution semiflow, we establish the global dynamics of the system based on . In addition, when the system is spatially homogeneous, the unique infection steady state is globally asymptotically stable. Simulations are presented to illustrate our theoretical results.
In professional football the decline in high‐intensity running activities from first to second half is more pronounced in players with a fast muscle typology
Authors: Van de Casteele Freek , Deprez Dieter , Van Haaren Jan , Derave Wim , Lievens Eline 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMuscle typology is heterogeneous among national level football (soccer) players, but positional differences remain unclear. Furthermore, fast typology (FT) individuals fatigue more than slow typology (ST) individuals in lab conditions. Therefore, we investigated if muscle typology is different between playing positions and if the decay in high‐intensity activities from the first to the second half is larger in FT football players than in ST players. We estimated muscle typology in 147 male professional football players by measuring soleus and gastrocnemius muscle carnosine via proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Players were classified as ST, intermediate typology (IT) or FT and categorized as goalkeeper, center back, full back, midfielder, winger or forward. Across four seasons in‐game distances covered in multiple running speed, acceleration and deceleration zones were collected during the first and second half. We found no differences in muscle typology between positions (p = 0.412). FT players covered 10.9% more high acceleration distance (>3 m.s−2) in the first half than ST players (p = 0.021) and high acceleration distance decay was larger for FT players (−12.4%) than ST (−7.7%; p = 0.006) and IT players (−7.3%; p = 0.010). Moreover, the decline in distance covered in several high‐intensity zones tended to be larger in FT players (−11.2% high‐intensity >15 km.h−1; −12.7% high deceleration <−3 m.s−2; −11.5% medium acceleration 2‐3 m.s−2) than in ST players (−7.1% high‐intensity; −8.1% high deceleration; −8.1% medium acceleration; 0.05 < p < 0.1). In conclusion, possessing a particular muscle typology is not required to play any football position at the national level. However, there are indications that FT players might fatigue more toward the end of the game compared to ST players.
Clostridioides difficile infection in the allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant recipient
Authors: Lo Porto Davide , Mularoni Alessandra , Castagnola Elio , Saffioti Carolina 
Published: October 2023

Clostridioides difficile (CD) is one of the most important causes of diarrhea in hospitalized patients, in particular those who undergo an allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (allo‐HCT) and who are more at risk of developing a CD infection (CDI) due to frequent hospitalizations, iatrogenic immunosuppression, and prolonged antibiotic cycles. CDI may represent a severe condition in allo‐HCT patients, increasing the length of hospitalization, influencing the intestinal microbiome with a bidirectional association with graft‐versus‐host disease, and leading to unfavorable outcomes, including death. The diagnosis of CDI requires the exclusion of other probable causes of diarrhea in HCT patients and is based on highly sensitive and highly specific tests to distinguish colonization from infection. In adult patients, fidaxomicin is recommended as first‐line, with oral vancomycin as an alternative agent. Bezlotoxumab may be used to reduce the risk of recurrence. In pediatric patients, vancomycin and metronidazole are still suggested as first‐line therapy, but fidaxomicin will probably become standard in pediatrics in the near future. Because of insufficient safety data, fecal microbiota transplantation is not routinely recommended in HCT in spite of promising results for the management of recurrences in other populations.
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Globalisation, economic growth and quality of infrastructure: New insights
Authors: Ouedraogo Rasmane , Sawadogo Hamidous , Dianda Issa 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe China's Belt and Road Initiative and the EU's Global Gateway projects are based on the idea that high‐quality infrastructures are key for countries to benefit from globalisation. This article investigates the economic growth effect of globalisation using a panel of 117 countries over the period 1980–2019 and explores whether the state of infrastructure in countries matters. Based on the assumption that there are winners and losers of globalisation, we hypothesize that the effect of globalisation on economic growth differs across groups of countries with similar but unobserved characteristics. Therefore, the article incorporates the potential presence of hidden heterogeneity and tries to explain group membership of countries based on the quality of infrastructure. The finite mixture model regression shows that the effect of globalisation on growth differs across two different groups of countries. While the effect is insignificant in the first group, globalisation spurs economic growth in the second group. In addition, we find that countries with a better quality of infrastructure are more likely to be in the class where globalisation fosters economic growth. The results are robust to a battery of robustness checks. The article provides evidence that countries should improve the quality of infrastructure to fully reap the benefit of globalisation.
Biological degradation of leachate from household and similar waste pre‐treated by electro‐Fenton process
Authors: Boukhrissa Athir , Rouidi Lina Mounia , Maurício Rita , Ait‐Amar Hamid 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study's purpose is to confirm the feasibility and performance of the combination between ‘electro‐Fenton’ process and the ‘activated sludge’ biological process, in order to remove the organic matter contained in ‘intermediate’ leachates from technical landfill centre of Hamici (Algiers). This leachate was initially electrochemically pre‐treated until the ratio of BOD5/chemical oxygen deman (COD) = 0.41, then an optimization of the parameters significantly influencing the biological degradation was carried. The results obtained after 13 h of biological treatment show the removal of 97% of the initial COD, with a mixed liquor composed of 700 mL of pre‐treated leachate and 300 mL of activated sludge, a dissolved oxygen concentration of 3.5 mg O2/L and a pH of 7, which allows the effluent to discharge directly into the environment. The conclusions of this work are promising because it was demonstrated that if the operating parameters are well controlled concerning these treatments, its sequence and the referred pre‐treatment, the treatment efficiency is very high to the point of direct discharge of the leachate. However, in future studies, the combination of the both processes should be more explored in order to reduce the treatment time and to scale‐up the process.
A survey of antimicrobial use practices on veal farms in the United States
Authors: Cheng Ting‐Yu , Pempek Jessica A. , Locke Samantha R. , Masterson Margaret A. , Habing Gregory G. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractNeonatal veal calves are highly susceptible to bacterial diseases. Occasional sub‐optimal early‐life care and long‐distance transportation result in high disease burden and antimicrobial treatment incidence. Nonetheless, judicious use of antimicrobials is necessary to mitigate the animal and human health impacts of antimicrobial resistance. The objective of this cross‐sectional study was to use a clinical vignette‐based survey approach to evaluate the potential for reduced group or individual therapeutic antimicrobial use. The survey included items probing the adherence to veterinary‐written protocols, antimicrobial use (AMU) at the calf‐ and group‐level, and the treatment actions to case vignettes of calf diarrhoea, pneumonia, and navel infection. The survey was mailed to all veal calf producers within two U.S. production companies (n = 32 producers in Company 1; n = 70 producers in Company 2) in February and December 2019, respectively. The overall survey response rate was 36% (21/59). Although 95% of producers reported having veterinary‐written treatment protocols for diarrhoea, pneumonia, and navel infection, veal producers infrequently (<50% of the time) referenced these protocols. Veal producers were primarily trained for disease identification and treatment by observing other personnel “on‐the‐job” (81%). Veal producers reported a high incidence of calf diarrhoea relative to pneumonia and naval infection, a lower percentage (≤40%) of diarrhoea cases being treated individually with antimicrobials. Using clinical vignettes, our results suggest that AMU decisions among veal producers depend on the severity of clinical signs for diarrhoea and pneumonia, while navel infections are often treated with antimicrobials regardless of sign severity. Nearly two‐thirds of veal producers reported treating uncomplicated cases of diarrhoea (watery stool with normal body temperature, activity, and appetite), more than previously reported from dairy producers (37.1%). Findings from this survey suggest that calf producer‐focused training to guide antimicrobial treatment decisions and improve producer adherence to veterinary‐written treatment protocols may have important impacts on judicious antimicrobial use.
Conjugate Modeling of a Closed Co-Rotating Compressor Cavity
Authors: Parry James , Tang Hui , Scobie James A. , Lock Gary D. , Carnevale Mauro 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Robust methods to predict heat transfer are vital to accurately control the blade-tip clearance in compressors and the radial growth of the disks to which these blades are attached. Fundamentally, the flow in the cavity between the co-rotating disks is a conjugate problem: the temperature gradient across this cavity drives large-scale buoyant structures in the core that rotate asynchronously to the disks, which in turn governs the heat transfer and temperature distributions in the disks. The practical engine designer requires expedient computational methods and low-order modeling. A conjugate heat transfer (CHT) methodology that can be used as a predictive tool is introduced here. Most simulations for rotating cavities only consider the fluid domain in isolation and typically require known disk temperature distributions as the boundary condition for the solution. This paper presents a novel coupling strategy for the conjugate problem, where unsteady Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes (URANS) simulations for the fluid are combined with a series of steady simulations for the solid domain in an iterative approach. This strategy overcomes the limitations due to the difference in thermal inertia between fluid and solid; the method retains the unsteady flow features but allows a prediction of the disk temperature distributions, rather than using them as a boundary condition. This approach has been validated on the fundamental flow configuration of a closed co-rotating cavity. Metal temperatures and heat transfer correlations predicted by the simulation are compared to those measured experimentally for a range of engine-relevant conditions.
Lithospheric-scale dynamics during continental subduction: Evidence from a frozen-in plate interface
Authors: Mendes Kevin , Agard Philippe , Plunder Alexis , Herviou Clément 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Continental subduction and collision are not merely follow-ups of oceanic subduction but mark the transition from lithospheric-scale deformation localized along the subduction interface to crustal-scale deformation distributed across the orogen. In order to unravel the processes typifying the dynamic changes from oceanic subduction to collision, we have characterized the pressure-temperature (P-T) and spatio-temporal evolution of rocks on each side of the tectonic contact (Briançonnais–Liguro-Piemont [Br-LP] contact) separating the subducted oceanic remnants from the subducted continental fragments along the Western Alps.
Results indicate that the maximum temperature and pressure difference on each side of the contact is generally &lt;30 °C and &lt;0.3 GPa, evidencing that no significant metamorphic gap exists. The preservation of similar P-T conditions on both sides of the Br-LP contact is interpreted as resulting from offscraping of the Liguro-Piemont and later Briançonnais units at similar depths, as supported by the ~10 m.y. gap between peak burial ages of both zones. The similar depth range reached by the various units reflects systematic variations of slicing and mechanical coupling along the plate interface suggesting that (1) similar slicing mechanisms and strain localization prevailed during both oceanic and continental subduction and (2) the Br-LP contact represents a frozen-in subduction interface. The end of high-pressure and low-temperature metamorphism and continental subduction at ca. 33 Ma would mark the stalling of subduction interface dynamics and the onset of strain distribution across the plate interface and into the lower plate.