bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Species diversity and interspecific information flow
Authors: Goodale Eben , Magrath Robert D. 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTInterspecific information flow is known to affect individual fitness, population dynamics and community assembly, but there has been less study of how species diversity affects information flow and thereby ecosystem functioning and services. We address this question by first examining differences among species in the sensitivity, accuracy, transmissibility, detectability and value of the cues and signals they produce, and in how they receive, store and use information derived from heterospecifics. We then review how interspecific information flow occurs in communities, involving a diversity of species and sensory modes, and how this flow can affect ecosystem‐level functions, such as decomposition, seed dispersal or algae removal on coral reefs. We highlight evidence that some keystone species are particularly critical as a source of information used by eavesdroppers, and so have a disproportionate effect on information flow. Such keystone species include community informants producing signals, particularly about predation risk, that influence other species' landscapes of fear, and aggregation initiators creating cues or signals about resources. We suggest that the presence of keystone species means that there will likely be a positive relationship in many communities between species diversity and information through a ‘sampling effect’, in which larger pools of species are more likely to include the keystone species by chance. We then consider whether the number and relative abundance of species, irrespective of the presence of keystone species, matter to interspecific information flow; on this issue, the theory is less developed, and the evidence scant and indirect. Higher diversity could increase the quantity or quality of information that is used by eavesdroppers because redundancy increases the reliability of information or because the species provide complementary information. Alternatively, there could be a lack of a relationship between species diversity and information if there is widespread information parasitism where users are not sources, or if information sourced from heterospecifics is of lower value than that gained personally or sourced from conspecifics. Recent research suggests that species diversity does have information‐modulated community and ecosystem consequences, especially in birds, such as the diversity of species at feeders increasing resource exploitation, or the number of imitated species increasing responses to vocal mimics. A first step for future research includes comprehensive observations of information flow among different taxa and habitats. Then studies should investigate whether species diversity influences the cumulative quality or quantity of information at the community level, and consequently ecosystem‐level processes. An applied objective is to conserve species in part for their value as sources of information for other species, including for humans.
Itraconazole inhibits tumor growth via CEBPB‐mediated glycolysis in colorectal cancer
Authors: Zhang Yong , Li Lu , Chu Feifei , Wu Huili , Xiao Xingguo , Ye Jianping , Li Kunkun 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAdvanced colorectal cancer (CRC) is characterized by a high recurrence and metastasis rate, which is the primary cause of patient mortality. Unfortunately, effective anti‐cancer drugs for CRC are still lacking in clinical practice. We screened FDA‐approved drugs by utilizing targeted organoid sequencing data and found that the antifungal drug itraconazole had a potential therapeutic effect on CRC tumors. However, the effect and mechanism of itraconazole on CRC tumors have not been investigated. A cell line‐derived xenograft model in tumor‐bearing mice was established and single‐cell RNA sequencing was performed on tumor samples from four mice with or without itraconazole treatment. The proportion of cell populations and gene expression profiles was significantly different between the two groups. We found that itraconazole could inhibit tumor growth and glycolysis. We revealed that CEBPB was a new target for itraconazole, and that silencing CEBPB could repress CRC glycolysis and tumor growth by inhibiting ENO1 expression. Clinical analysis showed that CEBPB expression was obviously elevated in CRC patients, and was associated with poor survival. In summary, itraconazole treatment remodeled cell composition and gene expression profiles. Itraconazole inhibited cell glycolysis and tumor growth via the CEBPB–ENO1 axis. In this study, we illustrate a new energy metabolism mechanism for itraconazole on tumor growth in CRC that will provide a theoretical basis for CRC targeting/combination therapy.
Radiomic profiling for insular diffuse glioma stratification with distinct biologic pathway activities
Authors: Duan Wenchao , Wang Zilong , Ma Zeyu , Zheng Hongwei , Li Yinhua , Pei Dongling , Wang Minkai , Qiu Yuning , Duan Mengjiao , Yan Dongming , Ji Yuchen , Cheng Jingliang , Liu Xianzhi , Zhang Zhenyu , Yan Jing 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCurrent literature emphasizes surgical complexities and customized resection for managing insular gliomas; however, radiogenomic investigations into prognostic radiomic traits remain limited. We aimed to develop and validate a radiomic model using multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for prognostic prediction and to reveal the underlying biological mechanisms. Radiomic features from preoperative MRI were utilized to develop and validate a radiomic risk signature (RRS) for insular gliomas, validated through paired MRI and RNA‐seq data (N = 39), to identify core pathways underlying the RRS and individual prognostic radiomic features. An 18‐feature‐based RRS was established for overall survival (OS) prediction. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) were used to identify intersectional pathways. In total, 364 patients with insular gliomas (training set, N = 295; validation set, N = 69) were enrolled. RRS was significantly associated with insular glioma OS (log‐rank p = 0.00058; HR = 3.595, 95% CI:1.636–7.898) in the validation set. The radiomic‐pathological‐clinical model (R‐P‐CM) displayed enhanced reliability and accuracy in prognostic prediction. The radiogenomic analysis revealed 322 intersectional pathways through GSEA and WGCNA fusion; 13 prognostic radiomic features were significantly correlated with these intersectional pathways. The RRS demonstrated independent predictive value for insular glioma prognosis compared with established clinical and pathological profiles. The biological basis for prognostic radiomic indicators includes immune, proliferative, migratory, metabolic, and cellular biological function‐related pathways.
An emotion‐focused extension of coercion theory: Emerging evidence and conceptualizations for parental experienced emotion as a mechanism of reinforcement in coercive parent–child interactions
Authors: Moed Anat 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAccording to coercion theory (Patterson, 1982, 2016), children's aggression is developed and maintained through transactional processes between parents and their children that unfold over time. The theory provides a model of the behavioral contingencies that explain how parents and children mutually “train” each other to behave in ways that over time increase the likelihood of children's aggression and decrease parents' control over this aggression. Although the theory characterizes the interactions that often lead to dysfunctional family processes and children's aggression, its focus on observable, interpersonal negativity has resulted in research that largely overlooks intraindividual phenomena, such as the internal experiences that drive parents' expressed negativity. In this article, I present empirical and theoretical work that supports an expanded focus of coercion theory to include emotion as an internal mechanism of reinforcement that facilitates and maintains coercive family processes and children's antisocial development.
Hand Gestures Have Predictive Potential During Conversation: An Investigation of the Timing of Gestures in Relation to Speech
Authors: ter Bekke Marlijn , Drijvers Linda , Holler Judith 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDuring face‐to‐face conversation, transitions between speaker turns are incredibly fast. These fast turn exchanges seem to involve next speakers predicting upcoming semantic information, such that next turn planning can begin before a current turn is complete. Given that face‐to‐face conversation also involves the use of communicative bodily signals, an important question is how bodily signals such as co‐speech hand gestures play into these processes of prediction and fast responding. In this corpus study, we found that hand gestures that depict or refer to semantic information started before the corresponding information in speech, which held both for the onset of the gesture as a whole, as well as the onset of the stroke (the most meaningful part of the gesture). This early timing potentially allows listeners to use the gestural information to predict the corresponding semantic information to be conveyed in speech. Moreover, we provided further evidence that questions with gestures got faster responses than questions without gestures. However, we found no evidence for the idea that how much a gesture precedes its lexical affiliate (i.e., its predictive potential) relates to how fast responses were given. The findings presented here highlight the importance of the temporal relation between speech and gesture and help to illuminate the potential mechanisms underpinning multimodal language processing during face‐to‐face conversation.
Valorisation of Napier grass through fibre extraction and coloration by natural dye from Rubia tinctorum
Authors: Patil Harshal , Yadav Suraj , Athalye Ashok 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAgricultural biomass is a well‐known renewable resource with a strong possibility of recycling. The current work focuses on extracting, preparing and colouring Napier grass fibre (NGF) with a colourant extracted from Rubia tinctorum (RT) (which is generally known as madder). NGF that had been water‐retted was alkaline scoured and bleached using hydrogen peroxide to increase the material's whiteness index and water absorption capacity without degrading its breaking strength. After being mordanted with tannic acid, the bleached NGF was coloured with an aqueous extract of the colourant extracted from RT. The Box–Behnken response surface methodology design model was employed to optimise the dyeing concentration, temperature and time. The dyed fibre showed good colour strength (K/S) and adequate wash, rub and light fastness. Adopting the findings from the current study would increase the efficient utilisation of biomass for use in textiles, which is unnecessarily wasted.
Real‐world implementation of DPYD and UGT1A1 pharmacogenetic testing in a community‐based cancer center
Authors: Muldoon Megan , Beck Mollie , Sebree Nichlas , Yoder Robin , Ritter Stacey , Allen Josiah D. , Alqahtani Zuhair , Grund Jaime , Philips Brooke , Hesse Kristina , El Rouby Nihal 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe set out to demonstrate the feasibility of pharmacogenetic testing of DPYD and UGT1A1 and explore the clinical benefits in a community‐based cancer center. We conducted a retrospective review of 280 patients who underwent pharmacogenetic testing between November 2020 and May 2023. The primary end points included the percentage of patients with results prior to chemotherapy initiation, percentage of DPYD‐ and UGT1A1‐guided interventions implemented before chemotherapy initiation, and the turnaround time (TAT) for the pharmacogenetics results. Exploratory end points included a comparison of unplanned hospitalizations and treatment interruptions among (1) DPD phenotypes in patients who received fluoropyrimidines and (2) UGT1A1 phenotypes in patients who received irinotecan ± fluoropyrimidines. We evaluated cancer progression among patients who received DPYD‐guided dose reductions in the curative setting. More than 75% of patients had results prior to initiation of chemotherapy and 61.5% of the actionable interventions were implemented before chemotherapy, with a median TAT of 7 calendar days (IQR 5–8 calendar days). A non‐significant higher percentage of unplanned hospitalizations and treatment interruptions occurred among patients with normal DPYD compared with patients with DPYD‐guided dose reductions. A non‐significant higher frequency of treatment interruptions and dose reductions were observed in UGT1A1 intermediate metabolizer (IM) compared with UGT1A1 normal metabolizer (NM). None of the patients who received DPYD‐guided dose reductions in the curative setting experienced progression after a median follow‐up of 342 days. The real‐world evidence generated from this study demonstrates the feasibility of pre‐chemotherapy pharmacogenetic testing of DPYD and UGT1A1 in a community‐based cancer center.
Quantification of increased biologically active CXCL12α plasma concentrations after ACKR3 antagonist treatment in humans
Authors: Blattmann Peter , Farine Hervé , Dan Brian , Stiffler Nicole , Lefebvre Thomas , Huynh Christine , Sidharta Patricia N. , Dingemanse Jasper , Welford Richard W. D. , Keller Marcel , Strasser Daniel S. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCXCL12 acts as a chemoattractant by binding to the receptor CXCR4. The (atypical) chemokine receptor ACKR3 (CXCR7) scavenges CXCL12. Antagonism of ACKR3 thus leads to an increase in CXCL12 concentrations that has been used as a pharmacodynamic biomarker in healthy adults. Increased CXCL12 concentrations have also been linked to repair mechanisms in human diseases and mouse models. To date, CXCL12 concentrations have typically been quantified using antibody‐based assays with overlapping or unclear specificity for the various CXCL12 isoforms (α, β, and γ) and proteoforms. Only the N‐terminal full‐length CXCL12 proteoform is biologically active and can engage CXCR4 and ACKR3, but this proteoform could so far not be quantified in healthy adults. Here, we describe a new and fit‐for‐purpose validated immunoaffinity mass spectrometry (IA‐MS) assay for specific measurement of five CXCL12α proteoforms in human plasma, including the biologically active CXCL12α proteoform. This biomarker assay was used in a phase I clinical study with the ACKR3 antagonist ACT‐1004‐1239. In placebo‐treated healthy adults, 1.0 nM total CXCL12α and 0.1 nM biologically active CXCL12α was quantified. The concentrations of both proteoforms increased up to two‐fold in healthy adults compared to placebo following drug administration. At all dose levels, 10% of the CXCL12α was the biologically active proteoform and the simultaneous increase of all proteoforms suggests that a new steady state has been reached 24 h following dosing. Hence, this IA‐MS biomarker assay can be used to specifically measure active CXCL12 proteoform concentrations in clinical trials to demonstrate target engagement and correlate with clinical outcomes.
Temperature seasonality drives taxonomic and functional homogenization of tropical butterflies
Authors: Hulshof Catherine M. , Ackerman James D. , Franqui Rosa A. , Kawahara Akito Y. , Restrepo Carla 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAimTo better understand the potential impact of climate change on butterfly assemblages across a tropical island, we model the potential for taxonomic and functional homogenization and determine climate‐ and trait‐mediated shifts in projected species distributions.LocationPuerto Rico.MethodsWe used thousands of museum records of diurnal Lepidoptera to model current (1970–2000) and forecast future (2061–2080) species distributions and combined these to test for taxonomic and functional homogenization. We then quantified climatic‐mediated effects on current and forecasted taxonomic and functional composition and, specifically, whether temperature was a primary driver, as predicted by the temperature–size rule and the thermal melanism hypotheses. Finally, we measured wing traits important in thermoregulation (size and colour) and determined trait‐mediated changes in forecasted species distributions over time.ResultsBased on ensemble model outputs, taxonomic and functional richness and turnover were predicted to vary across the island's complex topography. Our models projected an increase in taxonomic and functional richness over time, and a decrease in taxonomic and functional turnover – a signature of biotic homogenization. Under future climate scenarios, models projected a decrease in wing length and an increase in wing brightness at higher elevations. One variable, temperature seasonality, was the strongest predicted driver of both the current spatial distribution and the projected per cent change over time for not only wing traits but also taxonomic and functional richness and turnover.Main conclusionsThe species distribution models generated here identify several priority regions and species for future research and conservation efforts. Our work also highlights the role of seasonality and climatic variability on diverse tropical Lepidoptera assemblages, suggesting that climatic variability may be an important, albeit overlooked, driver of climate change responses.
Schizophrenia risk proteins ZNF804A and NT5C2 interact in cortical neurons
Authors: Aabdien Afra , Sichlinger Laura , Borgel Zoe , Jones Madeleine R. , Waston Iain A. , Gatford Nicholas J. F. , Raval Pooja , Tanangonan Lloyd , Powell Timothy R. , Duarte Rodrigo R. R. , Srivastava Deepak P. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe zinc finger protein 804A (ZNF804A) and the 5′‐nucleotidase cytosolic II (NT5C2) genes are amongst the first schizophrenia susceptibility genes to have been identified in large‐scale genome‐wide association studies. ZNF804A has been implicated in the regulation of neuronal morphology and is required for activity‐dependent changes to dendritic spines. Conversely, NT5C2 has been shown to regulate 5′ adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase activity and has been implicated in protein synthesis in human neural progenitor cells. Schizophrenia risk genotype is associated with reduced levels of both NT5C2 and ZNF804A in the developing brain, and a yeast two‐hybrid screening suggests that their encoded proteins physically interact. However, it remains unknown whether this interaction also occurs in cortical neurons and whether they could jointly regulate neuronal function. Here, we show that ZNF804A and NT5C2 colocalise and interact in HEK293T cells and that their rodent homologues, ZFP804A and NT5C2, colocalise and form a protein complex in cortical neurons. Knockdown of the Zfp804a or Nt5c2 genes resulted in a redistribution of both proteins, suggesting that both proteins influence the subcellular targeting of each other. The identified interaction between ZNF804A/ZFP804A and NT5C2 suggests a shared biological pathway pertinent to schizophrenia susceptibility within a neuronal cell type thought to be central to the neurobiology of the disorder, providing a better understanding of its genetic landscape.
Focal electroclinical features in generalized tonic–clonic seizures: Decision flowchart for a diagnostic challenge
Authors: Vlachou Maria , Ryvlin Philippe , Armand Larsen Sidsel , Beniczky Sándor 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveBilateral tonic–clonic seizures with focal semiology or focal interictal electroencephalography (EEG) can occur in both focal and generalized epilepsy types, leading to diagnostic errors and inappropriate therapy. We investigated the prevalence and prognostic values of focal features in patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE), and we propose a decision flowchart to distinguish between focal and generalized epilepsy in patients with bilateral tonic–clonic seizures and focal EEG or semiology.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed video‐EEG recordings of 101 bilateral tonic–clonic seizures from 60 patients (18 with IGE, 42 with focal epilepsy). Diagnosis and therapeutic response were extracted after ≥1‐year follow‐up. The decision flowchart was based on previous observations and assessed concordance between interictal and ictal EEG.ResultsFocal semiology in IGE was observed in 75% of seizures and 77.8% of patients, most often corresponding to forced head version (66.7%). In patients with multiple seizures, direction of head version was consistent across seizures. Focal interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) were observed in 61.1% of patients with IGE, whereas focal ictal EEG onset only occurred in 13% of seizures and 16.7% of patients. However, later during the seizures, a reproducible pattern of 7‐Hz lateralized ictal rhythm was observed in 56% of seizures, associated with contralateral head version. We did not find correlation between presence of focal features and therapeutic response in IGE patients. Our decision flowchart distinguished between focal and generalized epilepsy in patients with bilateral tonic–clonic seizures and focal features with an accuracy of 96.6%.SignificanceFocal semiology associated with bilateral tonic–clonic seizures and focal IEDs are common features in patients with IGE, but focal ictal EEG onset is rare. None of these focal findings appears to influence therapeutic response. By assessing the concordance between interictal and ictal EEG findings, one can accurately distinguish between focal and generalized epilepsies.
A lack of genetic diversity and minimal adaptive evolutionary divergence in introduced Mysis shrimp after 50 years
Authors: Cheek Rebecca G. , McLaughlin Jessica F. , Gamboa Maybellene P. , Marshall Craig A. , Johnson Brett M. , Silver Douglas B. , Mauro Alexander A. , Ghalambor Cameron K. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe successes of introduced populations in novel habitats often provide powerful examples of evolution and adaptation. In the 1950s, opossum shrimp (Mysis diluviana) individuals from Clearwater Lake in Minnesota, USA were transported and introduced to Twin Lakes in Colorado, USA by fisheries managers to supplement food sources for trout. Mysis were subsequently introduced from Twin Lakes into numerous lakes throughout Colorado. Because managers kept detailed records of the timing of the introductions, we had the opportunity to test for evolutionary divergence within a known time interval. Here, we used reduced representation genomic data to investigate patterns of genetic diversity, test for genetic divergence between populations, and for evidence of adaptive evolution within the introduced populations in Colorado. We found very low levels of genetic diversity across all populations, with evidence for some genetic divergence between the Minnesota source population and the introduced populations in Colorado. There was little differentiation among the Colorado populations, consistent with the known provenance of a single founding population, with the exception of the population from Gross Reservoir, Colorado. Demographic modeling suggests that at least one undocumented introduction from an unknown source population hybridized with the population in Gross Reservoir. Despite the overall low genetic diversity we observed, FST outlier and environmental association analyses identified multiple loci exhibiting signatures of selection and adaptive variation related to elevation and lake depth. The success of introduced species is thought to be limited by genetic variation, but our results imply that populations with limited genetic variation can become established in a wide range of novel environments. From an applied perspective, the observed patterns of divergence between populations suggest that genetic analysis can be a useful forensic tool to determine likely sources of invasive species.