bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fast turns are not sped up slow turns: How bluegill sunfish change their kinematics with turn speed
Authors: Clark Andrew , Tytell Eric 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTFish turn extremely often, but this behavior is relatively understudied due to how challenging it can be to get fish to perform such an unsteady maneuver repeatedly. Specifically, little is known about whether fish control turns differently at different turning rates. Here we address the challenge of studying turning by developing a device that elicits turns repeatedly at specific speeds. Using this device, we compare the swimming kinematics of bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus) during fast and slow turns through 180 degrees. We find that the fish behave differently when turning quickly than when turning slowly: a fast turn is not a sped up slow turn, but is kinematically distinct. In particular, during fast turns, bluegill bend their bodies to minimize moment of inertia before they maximize torque, while in slow turns they maximize torque first, before they bend their bodies. In fast turns, they also beat their pectoral fins at a higher frequency, but take fewer pectoral fin strokes. Differences between the two speed turns may be due to initial momentum and how momentum is conserved throughout the turn, because fast turns have higher initial linear momentum that they can convert into angular momentum to turn around.Summary statementBluegill change how they handle torque and moment of inertia when turning rapidly than when turning slowly. Tradeoffs between linear and angular momentum may play a key role.
Synthesizing unmodified, supercoiled circular DNA moleculesin vitro
Authors: Rezaei Sepideh , Moncada-Restrepo Monica , Leng Sophia , Chambers Jeremy W. , Leng Fenfei 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSupercoiled (Sc) circular DNA, such as plasmids, has shown therapeutic potential since the 1990s, but is limited by bacterial modifications, unnecessary DNA sequences, and contaminations that may trigger harmful responses. To overcome these challenges, we have developed two novel scalable biochemical methods to synthesize unmodified Sc circular DNA. Linear DNA with two loxP sites in the same orientation is generated via PCR or rolling circle amplification. Cre recombinase then converts this linear DNA into relaxed circular DNA. After T5 exonuclease removes unwanted linear DNA, topoisomerases are employed to generate Sc circular DNA. We have synthesized EGFP-FL, a 2,002 bp mini-circular DNA carrying essential EGFP expression elements. EGFP-FL transfected human HeLa and mouse C2C12 cells with much higher efficiency thanE. coli-derived plasmids. These new biochemical methods can produce unmodified Sc circular DNA, in length from 196 base pairs to several kilobases and in quantities from micrograms to milligrams, providing a promising platform for diverse applications.
The geometry of the neural state space of decisions
Authors: Monsalve-Mercado Mauro M. , Miller Kenneth D. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractHow do populations of neurons collectively encode and process information during cognitive tasks? We analyze high-yield population recordings from the macaque lateral intraparietal area (LIP) during a reaction-time random-dot-motion direction-discrimination task. We find that the trajectories of neural population activity patterns during single decisions lie within a two-dimensional decision manifold. Reaction time systematically varies along one dimension of the manifold,i.e. slow and fast decisions trace distinct activity patterns. Trajectories transition from a deliberation stage, in which they are noisy and remain similar between the choices, to a commitment stage, in which they are far less noisy and diverge sharply for the different choices. The deliberation phase is pronounced for slower decisions and gradually diminishes as reaction time decreases. A mechanistic circuit model provides an explanation for the observed properties, and suggests the transition between stages represents a transition from more sensory-driven to more circuit-driven dynamics. It yields two striking predictions we verify in the data. First, whether neurons are more choice selective for slow or fast trials varies systematically with the retinotopic location of their response fields. Second, the slower the trial, the more saccades undershoot the choice target. The results highlight the flexible and adaptive recruitment of neurons and the role of intrinsic circuit dynamics in the population implementation of a cognitive task.
Transferring functional chromosomes between intergeneric yeast generates monochromosomal hybrids with improved phenotypes and transcriptional responses
Authors: Lyu Yilin , Song Kunfeng , Zhou Jungang , Chen Hao , Li Xueying C. , Yu Yao , Lu Hong 
Published: January 2025

AbstractInterspecific hybrids can exhibit phenotypes that surpass those of their parents, known as heterosis, which is often of interest for industrial applications and evolutionary genetics research. However, constructing hybrids between distantly related species, such as intergeneric yeasts, presents technical challenges. In this study, we established a method to transfer individual chromosomes fromSaccharomyces cerevisiae(Sc) intoKluyveromyces marxianus(Km), an emerging model for bioproduction. The Sc chromosome of interest was circularized, genetically modified to carry Km centromeres and replication origins, and transformed into Km via protoplast transformation. With this method, we generated monochromosomal hybrids with eight Km chromosomes and Sc chromosome I or III. The Sc chromosomes exhibited normal replication, segregation, and active transcription in the hybrids. The hybrids displayed heterosis in flocculation and salt tolerance due to the overexpression ofFLO9andSPS22, respectively. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that bothcis-andtrans-regulatory changes contributed to the divergence of gene expression between the two species, with thecisandtranseffects often acting in a compensatory manner. Our strategy has potential applications in optimizing cell factories, constructing synthetic genomes, and advancing evolutionary research.TeaserA yeast hybrid containing an alien chromosome transferred from a distantly related species exhibits improved phenotypes.
Synaptic phosphoproteome modifications and cortical circuit dysfunction are linked to the early-stage progression of alpha-synuclein aggregation
Authors: Dutta Sayan , Hensel Jennifer , Scott Alicia , Mohallem Rodrigo , Rossitto Leigh-Ana M , Khan Hammad Furqan , Johnson Teshawn , Ferreira Christina R , Marmolejo Jackeline F. , Chen Xu , Jayant Krishna , Aryal Uma K. , Volpicelli-Daley Laura , Rochet Jean-Christophe 
Published: January 2025

AbstractCortical dysfunction is increasingly recognized as a major contributor to the non-motor symptoms associated with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and other synucleinopathies. Although functional alterations in cortical circuits have been observed in preclinical PD models, the underlying molecular mechanisms are unclear. To bridge this knowledge gap, we investigated tissue-level changes in the cortices of rats and mice treated with alpha-synuclein (aSyn) seeds using a multi-omics approach. Our study revealed significant phosphoproteomic changes, but not global proteomic or lipid profiling changes, in the rat sensorimotor cortex 3 months after intra-striatal injection with aSyn preformed fibrils (PFFs). Gene ontology analysis of the phosphoproteomic data indicated that PFF administration impacted pathways related to synaptic transmission and cytoskeletal organization. Similar phosphoproteomic perturbations were observed in the sensorimotor cortex of mice injected intrastriatally or intracortically with aSyn PFFs. Functional analyses demonstrated increased neuronal firing rates and enhanced spike-spike coherence in the sensorimotor cortices of PFF-treated mice, indicating seed-dependent cortical circuit dysfunction. Bioinformatic analysis of the altered phosphosites suggested the involvement of several kinases, including casein kinase-2 (CK2), which has been previously implicated in PD pathology. Collectively, these findings highlight the importance of phosphorylation-mediated signaling pathways in the cortical response to aSyn pathology spread in PD and related synucleinopathies, setting the stage for developing new therapeutic strategies.
Wheat infection byFusarium graminearumspecies complex members is facilitated by a transcriptionally conserved non-ribosomal peptide synthetase gene cluster
Authors: Tralamazza Sabina Moser , Nielsen Mikkel Rank , Abraham Leen Nanchira , Atanasoff-Kardjalieff Anna K. , Glauser Gaetan , Sørensen Jens Laurids , Studt-Reinhold Lena , Corrêa Benedito , Croll Daniel 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBiosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) are often found in fungal pathogens and encode secondary (or specialized) metabolites that play crucial roles in host and niche adaptation. However, the regulatory dynamics and functions of these BGCs during host infection remain largely unknown. To address this gap, we employed interspecies comparative transcriptomics to identify BGCs involved in host-pathogen interactions mediated by theFusarium graminearumspecies complex (FGSC). We conducted joint transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses during wheat infection andin vitroexperiments with five members of the FGSC to understand gene regulation during host infection. Our findings revealed that expression regulation was predominantly species-specific, but we also identified a set of shared upregulated genes that were common to all five FGSC species showing enrichment for metabolic and pathogenicity-associated functions. We focused on jointly upregulated BGC during infection and identified a NRPS-like gene cluster named SM3. The cluster was highly conserved within FGSC and shared by the more distantF. sambucinumspecies complex. We show that inactivation of the BGC core gene significantly impairsF. graminearumsensu stricto (s.s.) spore production, reduces fungal spread and Fusarium Head Blight symptoms on wheat kernels. Our results highlight that comparative infection transcriptomes can reveal conserved metabolic functions mediating the host infection process of a plant pathogen.
AI regulation in healthcare around the world: what is the status quo?
Authors: Busch Felix , Geis Raym , Wang Yuan-Cheng , Kather Jakob Nikolas , Khori Noor Al , Makowski Marcus R , Kolawole Israel K , Truhn Daniel , Clements Warren , Gilbert Stephen , Adams Lisa C , Ortiz-Prado Esteban , Bressem Keno K 
Published: January 2025

SummaryThe rapid adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) raises challenges related to ethics, safety, equity, and governance that require robust regulatory frameworks. In most jurisdictions, AI-driven medical devices are already covered by existing medical device frameworks, although new AI-specific legislation may be required to address the challenges posed by recent advancements. This expert review focuses on frameworks and legislation explicitly tailored to AI, synthesizing research literature, government and intergovernmental framework programs, and online media coverage to provide an up-to-date assessment of global AI-specific regulation or strategies in healthcare as of December 2024. Our findings show that only 15.2% (n=30/197) of countries or territories have enacted legally binding AI-specific legislation, including the 27 member states of the European Union (EU) following the adoption of the EU AI Act. A further 9.1% (n=18/197) have drafted legislation, and 28.4% (n=56/197) have issued non-binding guidelines. Notably, 47.2% (n=93/197) of countries or territories do not have an AI-specific framework or legislation in place. Furthermore, our results highlight disparities between the Global North and South, with 60.3% (n=82/136) of Global South countries or territories lacking frameworks or legislation, compared to 18% (n=11/61) in the Global North. In conclusion, our work provides an overview of the status quo of AI regulation around the world, highlights disparities in the adoption of frameworks and legislation, and calls for the need for intergovernmental and regional cooperation.
Understanding the consequences of unethical pro-organizational behavior: a dual pathway model from an actor-based perspective
Authors: Dadaboyev Sherzodbek Murodilla Ugli , Paek Soyon , Choi Sungwon , Farro Andrea C. 
Published: January 2025

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to synthesize unethical pro-organizational behavior (UPB) research that has empirically examined consequences of UPB and to provide an actor-based perspective rooted in a dual pathway self-regulation model.Design/methodology/approachWe first systematically reviewed the literature on the consequences of UPB. Given the duality of UPB (i.e. pro-organizational and unethical simultaneously), we followed with the theoretical development of a dual pathway model of UPB consequences and suggest propositions from an actor-based perspective.FindingsWe posited that the distinctive attributes of UPB give rise to corresponding and distinct employee attitudes and behaviors.Originality/valueTaking an actor-based perspective and drawing on theories of moral self-regulation and self-consistency, we seek to (1) determine why some UPB actors’ self-evaluations of their UPBs focus on the pro-organizational nature of their behaviors versus the unethical nature of their behaviors (i.e. dual pathway) and (2) determine the potential consequences (i.e. actor’s behavioral and attitudinal responses) of each pathway.
Extending job crafting theory to precarious workers: a model of organizational job crafting for organizational justice
Authors: Kim Seon Mi 
Published: January 2025

PurposeThis paper introduces and develops a conceptual model, “organizational job crafting,” to extend and apply job crafting theory to precarious workers.Design/methodology/approachThis conceptual model incorporates the perspectives of organizational justice theory into job crafting theory to identify precarious workers’ unique job crafting motivation and processes in their work environment. The theory is developed by integrating and adjusting aspects of these two approaches.FindingsThis model invokes five propositions specifying (1) the impacts of organizational justice on individual motivations for job crafting, (2) the conditions for developing a shared perception of organizational justice, (3) the forms of organizational job crafting and (4) the individual and organizational effects of job crafting. Moderating conditions are identified, such as the level of connection to labor/community organizations.Originality/valueThis study extends established job crafting theory, enriching it by incorporating the precarious worker perspective. By connecting job crafting to organizational justice theories, this model opens the possibility that workers’ job crafting can produce not only personal enrichment or work efficiency but also contribute to organizational changes. The theoretical development handles issues blocked or hidden by the original constituent theoretical ingredients.
Human resource analytics adoption: a framework-based analysis, fuzzy Delphi method and fuzzy SWARA
Authors: Kardani Malekinezhad Mona , Rahimnia Fariborz , Eslami Ghasem , Farahi Mohammad Mahdi 
Published: January 2025

PurposeHuman resource analytics (HRA) has recently received attention. However, its literature remains unknown and scattered due to both limited conceptual lenses and limited classification. So, this study is conducted to provide a comprehensive research analysis in this field.Design/methodology/approachAccordingly, 107 HRA studies, which were collected according to the Scientific Procedures and Rationales for Systematic Literature Reviews (SPAR-4-SLR) in the last 14 years (2010–2023), were analyzed in the first using the theory-context-characteristics-methods step to examine the evolution of HRA research. The study also develops a conceptual framework based on socio-technical system theory that shows the antecedents and outcomes of HRA adoption. In the second step, fuzzy Delphi and fuzzy step-wise weight assessment ratio analysis techniques were used to validate and refine the antecedents and outcomes obtained from the first step in such a way that experts’ opinions can be used and the existing knowledge body can be expanded.FindingsIn total, 30 antecedents and outcomes were confirmed based on the consensus of experts. Senior management support was identified as the most important antecedent and achieving organizational strategic outcomes as the most important outcomes of HRA adoption.Originality/valueThe study maps the current state of HRA studies, identifies directions for future studies by providing a state-of-the-art review of theories, antecedents, outcomes, contexts and methodologies and proposes a framework for HR managers and professionals to apply.
Ang tagapagtaguyod na anak for Filipino adults: an exploratory research
Authors: Quindoza Thessa Lonica Villamor , Malcampo Marie Chiela , Rungduin Teresita 
Published: January 2025

PurposeIn Filipino culture, children often take on the role of family “breadwinner,” providing financial support and sharing family responsibilities. However, this role is typically viewed narrowly as that of a financial provider. To address this, this study explores the “Tagapagtaguyod na Anak,” aiming to offer a more nuanced and culturally relevant understanding of the broader responsibilities and dynamics involved in this role within Filipino families.Design/methodology/approachThis exploratory study focused on single adult children aged 18–29 years and middle-aged parents aged 40–60 years old. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed thematically to explore the phenomenon of “Tagapagtaguyod na anak.”FindingsThe findings reveal that “tagapagtaguyod na anak” provide financial, emotional and social support to their families. This role is shaped by parental expectations and the child’s volition. This role develops out of necessity and is influenced by the child’s understanding of family needs, a sense of responsibility, family values and gratitude (Utang na Loob). Implications for tagasalo personality and societal norms and intergenerational family dynamics are also discussed.Originality/valueThis study delved into the concept of “tagapagtaguyod na anak” in Filipino families, distinguishing it from the “tagasalo personality” identified by Carandang (1987) and Udarbe (2001). It highlights the distinct responsibilities of this role, emphasizing the influence of cultural norms, gender expectations and socioeconomic factors. Hence, it offers valuable insights into the Filipino family dynamics.
The Effect of Assisted Reproductive Technologies on Human Sex Ratios
Authors: Georgiou Ektoras X. , Mizrachi Yossi , Kelley Rebecca , Stock‐Myer Sharyn , Stevens John , Gardner David K. , Polyakov Alex 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundModern assisted reproductive technology (ART), including pre‐implantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT‐A), has opened new avenues in understanding early embryonic events and has simultaneously raised questions about the impact of ART itself on sex ratios.AimsThe primary aim was to investigate whether patient demographic characteristics, ovarian stimulation protocols or laboratory characteristics in ART influence sex ratios. The secondary aim was to relate the blastocyst sex ratio (BSR) to the corresponding secondary sex ratio (SSR) in our patient cohort.Materials and MethodsWe conducted a retrospective single‐centre cohort study on consecutive PGT‐A cycles from January 2019 to February 2022. We analysed demographic data, stimulation protocols, laboratory characteristics and pregnancy outcomes.ResultsThe euploidy rate was 45.1% (2608/5777), BSR 1.07 and euploid BSR 1.03. There was no statistical difference in the ploidy status of XX and XY blastocysts and on multivariate logistic regression analysis, there was no association between euploidy and BSR or any other variables examined, including female age and stimulation protocol. The SSR was 1.02 (1294 embryo transfers) with no statistical difference in biochemical pregnancy (p = 0.41), clinical pregnancy (p = 0.56), miscarriage (p = 0.65) or live birth rates (p = 0.40) based on embryo sex.ConclusionsOur study indicates that the euploid BSR is not skewed by sex, and there is no relationship between BSR and euploidy, patient characteristics or stimulation protocols. Pregnancy outcomes did not vary by sex, and the SSR was consistent with the SSR of the general Australian population at birth.
A Rare Case of Sigmoid‐Urachal Fistula in an Adult Male Resected Laparoscopically
Authors: Tomida Akihiro , Hattori Masaoki , Hirata Akihiro , Shibata Jumpei , Imataki Hiromitsu , Suzuki Marika , Shintomi Hideharu , Aono Keiya , Yoshihara Motoi 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTFistulization involving both the sigmoid colon and urachus is exceedingly rare. While previous cases have often necessitated laparotomy due to the involvement of multiple organs, only one instance of successful laparoscopic surgery has been reported. Here, we present the second documented case of laparoscopic resection of a sigmoid‐urachal fistula. A 46‐year‐old male presented to our hospital with complaints of umbilical pain and discharge, subsequently diagnosed via CT scan as pyourachus, and conservatively managed with antibiotics. Approximately 1 year and 7 months later, a cutaneous ulcer developed below the left side of the umbilicus, accompanied by fecal discharge. Further investigation revealed a fistulous connection between the sigmoid colon and residual urachus as the underlying pathology. Utilizing laparoscopic techniques, we performed en bloc resection of the urachus, dome of the bladder, and sigmoid colon. The patient experienced an uneventful post‐operative recovery and was discharged after 9 days.
Is Hume's Law a valid argument against empirical bioethics?
Authors: Corsico Paolo 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIf “no ought from is,” how can bioethics be empirical? Despite the widespread recognition that we can integrate empirical and normative, Hume's Law is still often claimed to pose logical limitations to empirical bioethics. Is Hume's Law a valid argument against empirical bioethics? I argue that we have reasons to answer no. First, I outline and reject two unverified assumptions: that Hume’ s Law, the fact‐value distinction, and the naturalistic fallacy are roughly the same thing, and that Hume's Law is an undisputed meta‐ethical principle which dictates how to formulate normative statements. I then show how the interpretation of Hume's Law as establishing a logical gulf between facts and morality—rather than as clarifying the logical rules of normative argumentation—is dependent upon a non‐cognitivist interpretation of the Is‐Ought problem. I argue that the version of Hume's Law that stems from ethical non‐cognitivism is what is problematic for empirical bioethics. However, other interpretations are possible. We have two reasons to reject the thesis that Hume's Law is an argument against empirical bioethics. First, conflating meta‐ethics and applied ethics is problematic. Second, a non‐cognitivist interpretation of Hume's Law is likely to constitute an argument not only against empirical bioethics, but against all bioethics that claims to be situated within ethical cognitivism, be it empirical or philosophical. Lastly, I present two meta‐ethical postulates shared by empirical and philosophical bioethics. I call them: (1) the “bridge” postulate and (2) the “ethical cognitivism” postulate.