bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Disclosure of PrEP Use on Adherence Among African Young Women in an Open-Label PrEP Study: Findings from HPTN 082
Authors: Beauchamp Geetha , Hosek Sybil , Donnell Deborah , Chan Kwun C. G. , Anderson Peter L. , Dye Bonnie J. , Mgodi Nyaradzo , Bekker Linda-Gail , Delany-Moretlwe Sinead , Celum Connie ,   for the HPTN 082 study team
Published: September 2023

AbstractTo develop effective PrEP adherence interventions, it is important to understand the interplay between disclosure of pre-exposure prophalxis (PrEP) use, social support, and PrEP adherence. We leveraged the HPTN 082 study conducted among 451 adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) (ages 16 to 25 years, 2016 to 2019) in South Africa and Zimbabwe. Among the 349 who had month three disclosure and PrEP adherence data, 60% (n = 206) felt supported by adults, and 89% (n = 309) disclosed PrEP use to at least one person. PrEP disclosure was not associated with increased adherence, measured by intracellular tenofovir-diphosphate concentrations in dried blood spots. Women who reported having supportive adults, and disclosed to their parents, had higher adherence at 6 months with an increase of 177 fmol/punch (95% CI 12 to 343, t = 2.11, p = 0.04). PrEP interventions that help AGYW identify supportive relationships and effectively communicate the benefits of PrEP may improve PrEP adherence.Clinicaltrials.gov ID number: NCT02732730.
Mathematical attitudes transformation when introducing GeoGebra in the secondary classroom
Authors: Romero Albaladejo Isabel M. , García López María del Mar 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe mathematical-related affect research agenda demands studies on the affect-cognition relationship, as well as interventions aimed at improving affective aspects of mathematical learning. The potential of technological environments for promoting cognitive changes in students has been widely informed and there is evidence of their influence in students´ attitudes towards mathematics, such as interest and enjoyment. Research on the so-called mathematical attitudes, more related to mental habits and closely tied to cognitive processes is much scarcer. In this study, we report the transformation of three such mathematical attitudes in the students: perseverance, precision-rigor, and autonomy, when introducing GeoGebra in two secondary classes. Quantitative and qualitative analyses performed on data from various sources, with the total number of students and with a representative sample, show how it is possible to capitalize on initial positive attitudes towards mathematics with technology to bring about a significant improvement in the three above-mentioned attitudes, deemed as genuine elements of mathematical work. GeoGebra affordances constructivity, navigability and interactivity made it possible for new forms of behaviour to emerge in the classroom. Namely, flexible and fluent perseverance on problem solving; increasing inclination for accuracy and realization of its importance for proper reasoning; and willingness to collaborate with peers, helping each other, as well as sharing insights and ideas, thus, gaining independence from the teacher to face non-routine tasks.
Informal sector counterpower in Harare, Zimbabwe
Authors: Tanyanyiwa Vincent Itai , Marais Lochner , du Plessis Lyndon 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAfrican city governments have generally been harsh on the informal sector. Informal traders are considered a nuisance and unworthy of government support and are subjected to severe regulations and police harassment. The paper frames this anti-informal-sector approach in Harare, Zimbabwe, as sovereign power and the informal traders’ resistance as counterpower (after Foucault). We use the sustainable livelihoods approach (SLA. to analyze their response to sovereign power. Our interviews with 50 informal street traders and 20 key informants revealed that this counterpower takes the form of good business practices, building on urban–rural linkages and disobeying the current bylaws. The traders also actively avoid damage from police raids by being mobile, not displaying all their goods, setting out goods on a sheet for quick removal when threatened, storing goods elsewhere, and paying bribes for information about police activity. Our findings contradict the view of the informal sector traders as helpless victims of government brutality.
Emergence of a Thermal Hysteresis of Electrical Resistance by Thinning in 1T-TiSe2
Authors: Nomura Atsushi , Demura Satoshi , Ohta Shun , Kobayashi Sora , Sakata Hideaki 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe measured the temperature dependence of the resistance in thinned samples of a layered transition metal dichalcogenide 1T-TiSe2. As a result, a thermal hysteresis of resistance was discovered in most samples with a thickness of 10 μm or less, but not in samples thicker than 100 μm. The onset temperature of this hysteresis was almost the same as the onset temperature of the charge density wave (CDW) transition, suggesting that this hysteresis is related to the CDW. All the samples with hysteresis exhibited one or a few jumps of resistance in the 110–190 K range in cooling. Moreover, the hysteresis was related not only to the history of temperature below the CDW transition temperature, but also to that above the transition temperature. To interpret these anomalous results, we discuss the effect of impurities on the domain structure of the CDW.
The Development of a Short Version of the Internet Addiction Test: The IAT-7
Authors: Valenti Giusy D. , Craparo Giuseppe , Faraci Palmira 
Published: September 2023

AbstractUsing a valid and reliable scale to measure problems associated with excessive internet use is a key element of research on internet addiction (IA). The main goal of the current study was to develop a brief version of the Internet Addiction Test (IAT), the most widely used measure for assessing IA. In Study 1 (N = 463), we combined strict analytic techniques for item reduction with an evaluation of item content, and we compared several CFA and ESEM Models. In Study 2 (N = 374), we applied a Latent Variable Model (LMV) to examine the associations between our proposed short scale and some related variables. Our findings suggested a 7-item version (named IAT-7), with an ESEM structure and two domain-specific factors (F1: Interpersonal, Emotional and Obsessive Conflict; F2: Online Time Management). The IAT-7 showed excellent fit-indices [χ2 = 13.373; df = 8; CFI = .994; TLI = .983; RMSEA = .030 (.000–.073); SRMR = .016; AIC = 9,276.944; BIC = 9,388.662; aBIC = 9,302.971] and an adequate level of internal consistency (alpha and omega > .752). Interpersonal, Emotional and Obsessive Conflict mainly predicted loneliness and depression, whereas Online Time Management was primarily associated with stress, followed by depression. The IAT-7 shows promising psychometric properties and could be used as a screening tool for evaluating IA. Its small number of items makes it more attractive when a large battery of assessment scales is used.
Generation and Influence of Carbon Dioxide Nanobubbles on Physicochemical Properties Including the Surface Tension of Clarified Apple Juice
Authors: Phan Khanh , Truong Tuyen , Wang Yong , Bhandari Bhesh 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis work aims at examining the impact of generated CO2 nanobubbles (NBs) via the membrane-based method on physicochemical properties and surface tension of commercial clarified apple juice. The gas was injected at 300 kPa pressure for variable liquid circulation times (5, 13 and 26 min) to produce the CO2 NBs. Sets of 13- and 26-min circulation time to mix CO2 and liquid gave the desirably nano-size (~ 80–200 nm) NBs and significantly (p ≤ 0.05) reduced surface tension (by ~ 20–25%) of the juice dispersed with these formed tiny gas bubbles (NB-juice). An increase in circulation time also resulted in more negative zeta potential and higher dissolved CO2 concentration of the NB-juice. Density values of apple juice remained unchanged with and without incorporating CO2 NBs. These experimental outcomes provide the potential use of NBs in controlling the characteristics of liquid food as an environment-friendly approach to minimise chemical usages.
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells as a Possible Approach for Exploring the Pathophysiology of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
Authors: Khatun Masuma , Lundin Karolina , Naillat Florence , Loog Liisa , Saarela Ulla , Tuuri Timo , Salumets Andres , Piltonen Terhi T. , Tapanainen Juha S. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most prevalent endocrine condition among women with pleiotropic sequelae possessing reproductive, metabolic, and psychological characteristics. Although the exact origin of PCOS is elusive, it is known to be a complex multigenic disorder with a genetic, epigenetic, and environmental background. However, the pathogenesis of PCOS, and the role of genetic variants in increasing the risk of the condition, are still unknown due to the lack of an appropriate study model. Since the debut of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology, the ability of reprogrammed somatic cells to self-renew and their potential for multidirectional differentiation have made them excellent tools to study different disease mechanisms. Recently, researchers have succeeded in establishing human in vitro PCOS disease models utilizing iPSC lines from heterogeneous PCOS patient groups (iPSCPCOS). The current review sets out to summarize, for the first time, our current knowledge of the implications and challenges of iPSC technology in comprehending PCOS pathogenesis and tissue-specific disease mechanisms. Additionally, we suggest that the analysis of polygenic risk prediction based on genome-wide association studies (GWAS) could, theoretically, be utilized when creating iPSC lines as an additional research tool to identify women who are genetically susceptible to PCOS. Taken together, iPSCPCOS may provide a new paradigm for the exploration of PCOS tissue-specific disease mechanisms.
Graphical Abstract
A nomothetic theory of well-being: four functional abilities that promote psychological stability and resilience
Authors: Besika Anastasia 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAs longevity increases, understanding how a person maintains well-being and builds resilience to adversity becomes increasingly important. The present work (a) composes main cognitive elements into a universal psychological multisystem and (b) explains the factors that contribute to the function of this multisystem within physical space and across time. Drawing on established theories and previous findings, a theoretical reconstruction of a universal architecture serves to identify the principles a person needs to satisfy as a dynamic system that is governed by physical laws. A novel conceptual model generates testable hypotheses regarding how a universal cognitive multisystem, which is aided by a universal embodied emotional system, facilitates endless behavioral patterns in response to the environment. This theoretical framework compliments previous models and proposes that the nomothetic parameters of consistency, flexibility, self/others ratio and speed of meaning can explain inter- and intra-individual differences in psychological stability and resilience. The present work provides a comprehensive theory and methodological guidelines for the systematic assessment of well-being. This new approach to investigating well-being may open a new research direction and inform preventive and therapeutic interventions.
Die Stichwahl als integrales Element eines Grabenwahlsystems. Ergebnisse von Simulationen mit Bezug auf die deutschen Bundestagswahlen von 2017 und 2021
Authors: Behnke Joachim 
Published: September 2023

ZusammenfassungIm Rahmen der Arbeit der vom Deutschen Bundestag eingesetzten Wahlrechtskommission wurde von den Parteien CDU und CSU die Einführung eines Grabenwahlsystems vorgeschlagen, bei dem der Wahlkreisgewinner mit absoluter Mehrheit ermittelt werden soll, in der Regel durch eine Stichwahl in einem zweiten Wahlgang. Als Argumente für ein solches System wurde vorgebracht, dass damit die üblichen Effekte des Grabenwahlsystems wie starke Verzerrungen der Proportionalität und mögliche Umkehrungen der Mehrheitsverhältnisse abgemildert werden könnten. Der Artikel untersucht die zu erwartenden Effekten der Einführung eines Grabenwahlsystems mit absoluter Mehrheitsregel mit Stichwahl für den Deutschen Bundestag anhand von Simulationen für die letzten beiden Bundestagswahlen. Entgegen den Vermutungen kommt es bei einer solchen Ausgestaltung des Grabenwahlsystems zu stärkeren Verzerrungen des Proporzes als bei einem Grabenwahlsystem, das mit der relativen Mehrheitsregel in den Wahlkreisen kombiniert ist. Des Weiteren kommt es häufiger auch zu Umkehrungen der Parlamentsmehrheiten. Die bekannten Nachteile des Grabenwahlsystems werden also in keiner Weise abgeschwächt, ganz im Gegenteil verstärken sie sich noch.
A multicenter prospective study on the management of hepatoblastoma in children: a report from the Chinese Children’s Cancer Group
Authors: Tang Meng-Jie , Ma Xiao-Li , He Xiang-Ling , Pan Wei-Hua , Zhang Xiao-Hong , Jiang Sha-Yi , Gao Ju , Li Fu , Yao Wei , Gu Song , Zhang Wei-Ling , Zhao Qiang , Huang Shi-Hao , Fang Yong-Jun , Liu Wei , Niu Hui-Zhong , Wang Chun-Mei , Sun Li-Rong , Gao Hui , Dai Yun-Peng , Huang Shun-Gen , Zhong Zhi-Yong , Wang Xi-Ge , Li Zhong-Rong , Yang Liang-Chun , Wu Ye-Ming , Wang Huan-Min , Sun Xin , Yuan Xiao-Jun 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to identify survival risk factors in Chinese children with hepatoblastoma (HB) and assess the effectiveness of the new treatment protocol proposed by the Chinese Children’s Cancer Group (CCCG) in 2016.

Methods
A multicenter, prospective study that included 399 patients with HB from January 2015 to June 2020 was conducted. Patient demographics, treatment protocols, and other related information were collected. Cox regression models and Kaplan–Meier curve methods were used.

Results
The 4-year event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) were 76.9 and 93.5%, respectively. The 4-year EFS rates for the very-low-risk, low-risk, intermediate-risk, and high-risk groups were 100%, 91.6%, 81.7%, and 51.0%, respectively. The 4-year OS was 100%, 97.3%, 94.4%, and 86.8%, respectively. Cox regression analysis found that age, tumor rupture (R +), and extrahepatic tumor extension (E +) were independent prognostic factors. A total of 299 patients had complete remission, and 19 relapsed. Patients with declining alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) > 75% after the first two cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy had a better EFS and OS than those ≤ 75%.

Conclusions
The survival outcome of HB children has dramatically improved since the implementation of CCCG-HB-2016 therapy. Age ≥ 8 years, R + , and E + were independent risk factors for prognosis. Patients with a declining AFP > 75% after the first two cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy had better EFS and OS.

Graphical abstract
An innovative 4.0 system to prevent the spreading of the diseases which threaten the globalized world
Authors: Mosca Roberto , Mosca Marco , Revetria Roberto , Currò Fabio , Briatore Federico 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this research is to provide an effective contribution to contrast the spread of Covid19. Therefore, the authors aimed to model a new strategy (technologies and processes), using the principles made available by Industry 4.0.

Method
The strategy consists in an IoT thermoscanner (developed by the authors, strategically placed throughout the settlement), and an innovative method of disinfection (achieved by redesigning the sanitization processes, using UV-C rays and gaseous Ozone produced by IoT machines, again conceptualized and developed by the authors, being capable of reproducing the Chapman Cycle and its associated benefits). This method was discussed in the article "Sanitizing of Confined Spaces Using Gaseous Ozone Produced by 4.0 Machines," which was presented at the WCE 2021 IAENG Congress (Best Paper Award of the 2021 International Conference of Systems Biology and Bioengineering).

Result
The results consist in: 1. an absolute disinfection system based on a reversible cycle Oxygen-Ozone-Oxygen, with quick re-habitability of the treated rooms, at a minimum treatment costs, without expensive and harmful chemicals or moist water vapor (incompatible by nature with paper and electronics); 2. a 4.0 device for quick detection of fever; 3. clear processes for disease spread prevention.

Conclusion
The target contribution was widely achieved, providing machinery, processes and procedures. The authors aim now to extend the solution proposed to any other type virus, bacteria, or pathogen agent introduced by subjects who, despite being unaware of acting as vectors, develop infection along their stay in hotels, offices or any other public place.
Construction of a Hierarchical Organization in Semantic Memory: A Model Based on Neural Masses and Gamma-Band Synchronization
Authors: Ursino Mauro , Pirazzini Gabriele 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSemantic memory is characterized by a hierarchical organization of concepts based on shared properties. However, this aspect is insufficiently dealt with in recent neurocomputational models. Moreover, in many cognitive problems that exploit semantic memory, gamma-band synchronization can be relevant in favoring information processing and feature binding. In this work, we propose an attractor network model of semantic memory. Each computational unit, coding for a different feature, is described with a neural mass circuit oscillating in the gamma range. The model is trained with an original nonsymmetric Hebb rule based on a presynaptic gating mechanism. After training, the network creates a taxonomy of categories, distinguishes between subordinate and superordinate concepts, and discriminates between salient and marginal features. Examples are provided concerning a fourteen-animal taxonomy, including several subcategories. A sensitivity analysis reveals the robustness of the network but also points out conditions leading to confusion among categories, similar to the one observed in dreaming and some neurological disorders. Finally, the analysis emphasizes the role of fast GABAergic interneurons and inhibitory-excitatory balance to allow the correct synchronization of features. The model represents an original attempt to deal with a hierarchical organization of objects in semantic memory and correlated patterns, still exploiting gamma-band synchronization to favor neural processing. The same ideas, introduced in a more sophisticated multilayer network, can deepen our knowledge of semantic memory organization in the brain. Finally, they can open new perspectives in quantitatively analyzing neurological disorders connected with distorted semantics.
Novel Deep Learning Approaches for Analyzing Diffusion Imaging Data
Authors: Sadegheih Yousef , Weninger Leon , Merhof Dorit 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDiffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) is developing into one of the most important non-invasive tools for clinical brain research. This development is supported by a project funded by the German Research Foundation, in which four major obstacles related to dMRI data were addressed: (1) the lack of transferability of dMRI data between clinical sites, (2) the lack of training and label data, (3) the potential of complex diffusion data, and (4) the integration of spherical signals in neural networks to improve accuracy. To overcome the problem of different MRI systems producing slightly varying data, the project developed a method for harmonizing MRI signals. To address the issue of limited ground truth data, a framework was developed to synthesize individual diffusion data and complete datasets based on important diffusion characteristics and statistics. The integration of complex signals, often discarded during acquisition, to improve reconstruction was also explored. Finally, new methods were developed to preserve the spherical character of the diffusion data in the DL model. The resulting methods are intended to improve the usability of diffusion imaging data and to enable the creation of processing pipelines for dMRI data in clinical studies and clinical practice.
Industrial Energy Optimisation: A Laser Cutting Case Study
Authors: Goffin Nicholas , Jones Lewis C. R. , Tyrer John R. , Ouyang Jinglei , Mativenga Paul , Li Lin , Woolley Elliot 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn an increasingly technological world, energy efficiency in manufacturing is of great importance. While large manufacturing corporations have the resources to commission energy studies with minimal impact on operations, this is not true for small and medium enterprises (SME’s). These businesses will commonly only have a small number of laser processing cells; thus, to carry out an energy study can be extremely disruptive to normal operations. Since rising global energy costs also have the largest impact on small businesses who lack the benefit of economies of scale, they are simultaneously the most in need of improvements to energy efficiency, while also facing the strongest practical barriers to implementing them. In this study, a laser processing energy analysis methodology was designed to run simultaneously with normal operation and applied to a laser shim-cutting cell in a UK-based SME. This paper demonstrates the methodology for identifying operating states in a production environment and Specific Energy Consumption and Scope 2 CO2 emissions results are analysed. The Processing state itself was the most impactful on overall energy performance, at 55% for single sheets of material, increasing to 71% when batch processing. Generating idealised data in this production environment is challenging with restrictions to isolating variables, these “real-world” limitations for conducting system energy analysis simultaneously with live production are also discussed to present recommendations for further analysis.
Software Safety Assurance in Non-airborne GPS-based Landing Aids
Authors: Jendraszyk Daniel , Dautermann Thomas 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper investigates the software standard DO-278A from the RTCA according to assurance level 3 to provide a concept for approving software of ground-based navigation aids. For this purpose, related literature and standards were reviewed and evaluated for their applicability for proposing such a concept. The resulting approval concept shows our approach for conducting the development process according to DO-278A based on a traditional one and focusing on an activity schedule. Therefore, the paper offers preliminary considerations at first to show the relation between system and software development. In addition, corresponding standards that are related to the development are presented as well. The concept is segmented in three main phases for software planning, realization, and verification, which are subdivided and scheduled in specific activities. Each activity consists of an outline describing the contents expected by DO-278A and our approach to organizing them. This paper shows our conceptional approach to obtain an approval for software according to DO-278A. This concept is prepared to approve a radio navigation aid.