bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Peripheral Dual‐Energy X‐Ray Absorptiometry Measurements in Peri‐Implant Bone Defects in Dogs
Authors: Sánchez Andrés R. , Sheridan Phillip J. , Lohse Christine , Weaver Amy 
Published: February 2005

Background: The goal of this study was to assess the variability of peripheral dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry (pDEXA) measurements in peri‐implant bone defects in dogs.Methods: Ninety dental implants were inserted in edentulous areas of nine foxhound dogs and standardized peri‐implant bone defects were created on the mesial and distal aspect of each fixture (N = 144 total). The animals were sacrificed at 1, 2, and 3 months, respectively. Bone mineral density measurements (BMD) were performed with the use of pDEXA. The calibration of the system was determined by generating four quality control plots using a phantom of known density value. A series of three repeated measurements of the peri‐implant sites were made with repositioning of the region of interest. The measurements were performed at the mesial and distal peri‐implant sites. The variability of the three BMD measurements was expressed as the coefficient of variation (CV), which is calculated as ([SD/mean] × 100). The difference in the CV between the mesial and distal sites was evaluated using an analysis of variance model for repeated measures accounting for timing of sacrifice (month 1, 2, 3), dog (1 through 9), side (left, right), and adjacent defect regions between implants (1 through 4).Results: The calibration of the pDEXA measured by means of the phantom resulted in a deviation of 0.17%, 0.52%, –0.17%, and 0.00%, respectively, for each of the four assessments. The average CV for the 72 mesial and 72 distal peri‐implant sites was 5.22% ± 4.22% (median 3.50%; range 0.46% to 18.83%) and 5.37% ± 3.54% (median 4.64%; range 0.22% to 15.35%), respectively. After accounting for timing of sacrifice, dog, side, and position, there was not a statistically significant difference in the CV between the mesial and distal peri‐implant sites (P = 0.75). This indicates that the peri‐implant site did not significantly affect the variability of the BMD measurements.Conclusions: This study demonstrated that the pDEXA is a non‐invasive, convenient, and fast method to assess BMD around dental implants in animal studies. Limitations of the technique may have a negative impact in the precision of pDEXA when measuring small regions. J Periodontol 2004;75:658‐662.
Long‐Term Tooth Survival Following Regenerative Treatment of Intrabony Defects
Authors: Cortellini Pierpaolo , Tonetti Maurizio S. 
Published: February 2005

Background: The longevity of the clinical benefits of guided tissue regeneration (GTR) has not been fully explored. The aim of this investigation was to assess the long‐term survival of GTR treated sites in terms of clinical attachment level (CAL) stability and tooth loss.Methods: A total of 175 patients with one deep intrabony defect were selected for a retrospective investigation of tooth retention and CAL stability. All sites had been treated with GTR more than 2 years previously and had received full periodontal examinations every 2 years for up to 16 years. Definitions of events for survival analyses were tooth loss, loss of ≥2 mm compared with the CAL observed before GTR treatment, and loss of ≥2 mm compared with the CAL observed 1 year after completion of GTR.Results: Teeth were severely compromised by the presence of CAL loss of 10.7 ± 2.4 mm, probing depths of 8.7 ± 2.3 mm and deep intrabony defects (average depth 6.6 ± 2.1 mm). After GTR, CAL gains were 4.6 ± 2 mm. Average follow up was 8 ± 3.4 years; 66.9% of subjects strictly complied with a periodontal maintenance program. Tooth survival was greater than 96% more than 10 years after GTR. CAL was equal or coronal with respect to pretreatment in 92% of cases followed for 15 years after treatment, while loss of CAL compared to the 1‐year post‐GTR result was observed in 37.8% of cases. Cox proportional hazard models indicated that incidence‐free survival was negatively affected by smoking and positively affected by full compliance with a periodontal maintenance program in a specialist practice.Conclusions: Within the limits of this study, data suggest that tooth retention and clinical improvements following GTR treatment of intrabony defects can be maintained long term in the great majority of cases and thus that regenerative periodontal treatment represents an important alternative for the management of severely compromised teeth. J Periodontol 2004;75:672‐678.
Effect of Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein‐2 in an Absorbable Collagen Sponge With Space‐Providing Biomaterials on the Augmentation of Chronic Alveolar Ridge Defects
Authors: Barboza Eliane Porto , Caúla André Luis , Caúla Fernanda de Oliveira , de Souza Rogério Oliveira , Neto Luiz Geolás , Sorensen Rachel G. , Li X. Jian , Wikesjö Ulf M.E. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (rhBMP‐2) in an absorbable collagen sponge (ACS) carrier has been shown to support significant bone formation in the craniofacial skeleton. When used as an onlay, however, rhBMP‐2/ACS may become compressed with limited resulting bone formation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of two space‐providing biomaterials, bioactive glass (BG) and demineralized/mineralized bone matrix (DMB), on rhBMP‐2/ACS induced alveolar ridge augmentation.Methods: Bilateral alveolar ridge defects were produced in the mandible in six mongrel dogs. rhBMP‐2/ACS with biomaterials was surgically implanted into contralateral defects in four animals. Treatments were alternated between jaw quadrants in consecutive animals. Two animals received rhBMP‐2/ACS or sham‐surgery in contralateral defects. The animals were injected with fluorescent bone labels to monitor bone formation. Clinical evaluations were made at ridge augmentation and 12 weeks post‐implantation when the animals were euthanized and block biopsies collected for histopathologic evaluation.Results: Sham‐surgery produced limited horizontal alveolar augmentation (0.1 ±0.6 mm). Implantation of rhBMP‐2/ACS resulted in alveolar augmentation amounting to 2.2 ±1.8 mm. Alveolar augmentation in sites receiving rhBMP‐2/ACS with DMB or BG was 2‐fold greater compared to rhBMP‐2/ACS alone averaging 4.4 ±1.3 and 4.6 ±1.5 mm, respectively. The DMB biomaterial appeared substituted by newly formed bone. The BG particles were observed imbedded in bone or encapsulated in dense connective tissue without associated bone metabolic activity. Fluorescent light microscopy suggested that the new bone was formed within 4 weeks.Conclusion: The bioglass and demineralized/mineralized bone matrix biomaterials utilized in this study in combination with rhBMP‐2/ACS supported clinical and histological ridge augmentation. J Periodontol 2004;75:702‐708.
Subgingival Microbiota of Chilean Patients With Chronic Periodontitis
Authors: López Néstor J. , Socransky Sigmund S. , Da Silva Isabel , Japlit Michelle R. , Haffajee Anne D. 
Published: February 2005

Background: An association between race/ethnicity and the composition of the subgingival microbiota has been found in chronic periodontitis. A study was undertaken to determine the characteristics of the subgingival microbiota of chronic periodontitis in Chileans residing in Santiago.Methods: Twenty‐six subjects (mean age 45±7 years) with chronic periodontitis, mean probing depth (PD) 2.63 ± 0.5 mm, mean attachment level (AL) 3.70 ± 0.77 mm, and without a history of periodontal therapy were selected. Measurements of PD, AL, bleeding on probing, and plaque accumulation were recorded at six sites per tooth. Subgingival plaque samples were taken from the mesial aspect of every tooth and evaluated for the presence, levels, and proportions of 40 bacterial taxa using whole genomic DNA probes and checkerboard DNA‐DNA hybridization. The microbial data of the Chileans were compared with data from 115 chronic periodontitis patients from Boston, Massachusetts. Since several clinical and demographic parameters differed between the two populations, significance of differences for each species was determined using analysis of covariance, adjusting for age, plaque level, mean PD, gender, and smoking status.Results: Each of the individual test species was present in at least 25 of the 26 subjects, and 12 subjects (46.1%) harbored all 40 test species. With the exception of Prevotella intermedia, all test species colonized more than 75% of sites, and 25 species colonized ≥90% of sites including the co‐colonizing species of advanced periodontal lesions, termed the red complex, composed of the three species Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythensis (formerly Bacteroides forsythus), and Treponema denticola as well as Fusobacterium nucleatum subspecies, Campylobacter rectus, Peptostreptococcus micros, and Treponema socranskii. Sixteen of the 40 species differed significantly between Chilean and U.S. subjects. Red, yellow, and other complexes were significantly higher in the Chileans, while the Actinomyces were higher in the U.S. subjects.Conclusions: The composition of the subgingival plaque differs among different subject populations. Thus, care should be taken when extrapolating the findings of one study to different ethnic groups. J Periodontol 2004;75:717‐725.
The Effectiveness of InGaAsP Diode Laser Radiation to Detect Subgingival Calculus as Compared to an Explorer
Authors: Folwaczny Matthias , Heym Richard , Mehl Albert , Hickel Reinhard 
Published: February 2005

Background: The aim of the present study was to compare the ability of the diode laser to detect residual calculus with that of an explorer.Methods: The root surface of 40 extracted human teeth, each partially covered with subgingival calculus, was instrumented with curets under simulated clinical conditions in a manikin. The samples were randomly assigned to two study groups. In group A, the root surface was treated with an explorer until it appeared free of mineralized deposits upon examination. The samples in group B were instrumented until the relative intensity of fluorescence as induced with diode laser radiation was below a threshold value of 5. The root surface of each sample was then examined for residual calculus using standardized digital images. The statistical analysis was performed with a non‐paired t test at a level of significance of 5% (P <0.05).Results: The root surface of single‐rooted teeth showed residual calculus on 0.19 ± 0.37 × 107 µm2 in the laser group and on 0.11 ± 0.26 × 107 µm2 in the explorer group (P = 0.19). For multirooted teeth, the mean calculus‐covered area was 0.50 ± 0.48 × 107 µm2 for the teeth evaluated with an explorer and 0.27 ± 0.43 × 107 µm2 for the diode laser group (P = 0.02).Conclusion:The present findings indicate that the detection of subgingival calculus is significantly improved using 655 nm diode laser radiation compared to an explorer for molars but not for single‐rooted teeth. J Periodontol 2004;75:744‐749.
Histologic Analysis of Alveolar Bone Following Guided Bone Regeneration
Authors: Ersanli S. , Olgac V. , Leblebicioglu B. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Questions on new bone quality following guided bone regeneration (GBR) with various graft materials and its importance in osseointegration have been raised. This study reports histologic analysis of bone sections from future implant sites at upper and lower jaws that were augmented with bovine porous bone mineral graft material plus a porcine collagen membrane.Methods: Due to severe atrophy of the alveolar crest, GBR prior to implant placement was indicated in 11 patients (mean age 45.5 years). Following an average of 7 months of healing, implant placement surgery was performed. Bone sections from implant beds were fixed in formalin, decalcified in sodium citrate and formic acid, and placed in paraffin. Sections 5 to 7 µm thick were prepared, stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and analyzed under light microscopy. Results for 27 implant sites are presented.Results: Compared to the lower jaw, segments from the upper jaw had a lower percentage of bone and higher percentage of residual material and vascularization.Conclusions: Within the limits of this study, we concluded that osteogenesis is completed and the rate of vascularization and osteoclastic activity was reduced by 7 months. Also, the upper jaw significantly differed from the lower jaw in bone formation, vascularization, and the amount of residual material. Thus, the anatomical location of the defect may be as important as the properties of the graft material used in obtaining successful osteogenesis using guided bone regeneration techniques. J Periodontol 2004;75:750‐756.
Prevention of Gingival Recession Following Flap Debridement Surgery by Subepithelial Connective Tissue Graft: Consecutive Case Series
Authors: Hirsch Ariel , Brayer Laurentiu , Shapira Lior , Goldstein Moshe 
Published: February 2005

Background: Surgical debridement with flap repositioning may result in significant gingival recession. This manuscript reports on a series of cases that were treated for deep periodontal pockets by flap debridement surgery combined with subepitheial connective tissue graft for the prevention of postoperative recession.Methods: Fourteen patients (27 teeth) with deep periodontal pockets and bone loss in the mandibular central incisors area underwent flap debridement combined with subepithelial connective tissue graft. Probing depth, recession depth, and clinical attachment levels were recorded prior to surgery, 6 months postsurgery, and again 19 to 58 months post‐surgery.Results: Mean probing depth at baseline was 6.20 mm, while 6 months post‐surgery it was 1.97 mm (P <0.0001), and 19 to 58 months after surgery it was 1.32 mm. Clinical attachment level measurements followed the same pattern (baseline 9.37 mm, 6 months 3.29 mm, final examination 2.00 mm). While the mean recession depth at baseline was 3.17 mm, 6 months post‐surgery it was reduced to 1.30 mm (P <0.0001). Additional reduction in recession depth was recorded over time.Conclusion: Within the limitations of a single group study, the results suggest that flap debridement combined with subepithelial connective tissue graft, followed by maintenance therapy, is an effective procedure for maintaining long‐term periodontal health and for prevention of postoperative gingival recession in the mandibular anterior dentition. J Periodontol 2004;75:757‐761.
Relationship of Periodontal Disease and Tooth Loss to Prevalence of Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Elter John R. , Champagne Catherine M.E. , Offenbacher Steven , Beck James D. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Studies relating periodontal disease to coronary heart disease (CHD) have provided equivocal results using tooth loss and/or clinical signs of periodontal disease as measures of periodontal exposure.Methods: The purpose of this cross‐sectional study was to evaluate the relationship of tooth loss and periodontitis to prevalent CHD at the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) visit 4 using both tooth loss and clinical signs of disease in a population‐based sample of 8,363 men and women aged 52 to 75 years from four U.S. communities. Each subject participated in a complete periodontal examination, assessment of missing teeth, assessment of prevalent CHD, and a number of laboratory tests and questionnaires. High attachment loss was defined as ≥10% of sites with attachment loss >3 mm and high tooth loss was defined as fewer than 17 remaining teeth.Results: Individuals with both high attachment loss and high tooth loss (odds ratio [OR] 1.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1 to 2.0) and edentulous individuals (OR 1.8, CI 1.4 to 2.4) had elevated odds of prevalent CHD compared to individuals with low attachment loss and low tooth loss, while controlling for a number of traditional risk factors for CHD.Conclusions: These results suggest that tooth loss and periodontal disease are associated with prevalent CHD, but only when both are present. The weaker relationships between periodontal disease and CHD that have been found among older adults may be due to older adults having fewer teeth. Future longitudinal studies should be designed to ascertain the cause of tooth loss during follow‐up. J Periodontol 2004;75:782‐790.
The Effects of Ovulation Induction During Infertility Treatment on Gingival Inflammation
Authors: Haytaç M. Cenk , Cetin Turan , Seydaoglu Gulash 
Published: February 2005

Background: Ovulation induction is the most common method of infertility treatment in which the ovaries are stimulated to produce multiple follicles. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of three drug protocols of ovulation induction: clomiphene citrate (CC) alone, CC combined with follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and CC combined with human menopausal gonadotropin (HMG) on the gingival tissues of women who were undergoing infertility treatment.Methods: Study population was composed of 18 women using CC for three menstrual cycles or less and 16, women using CC for more than three cycles; 21 women using CC‐FSH; and 24 women using CC‐HMG who had at least four cycles of CC alone the previous year. All subjects were clinically examined for plaque levels (plaque index), gingival inflammation (gingival index), bleeding on probing, and gingival crevicular fluid volume. The results were compared with a control group of 20 women matched for age, education and professional level, and oral habits and who had never used ovulation drugs.Results: Despite similar plaque levels (P >0.05), women using CC for more than three cycles and combined protocols of CC‐FSH and CC‐HMG had higher levels of gingival inflammation (P <0.01, P <0.001 and P <0.001, respectively), bleeding (P <0.001), and GCF volume (P <0.001) when compared to the control group and to the users of CC for three cycles or lessConclusions: The results of this study have shown that ovulation induction, which is the most common method in the management of infertility, exacerbates gingival inflammation, bleeding, and GCF volume and that the duration of the usage of these drugs is strongly associated with the severity of gingival inflammation.J Periodontol 2004;75:805‐810.
Polyamines in Nickel‐Titanium Archwire‐Induced Gingivitis in Adolescents
Authors: Venza M. , Visalli M. , Cicciù D. , Valenti A. , Passi P. , Teti D. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Polyamines spermine, spermidine, and putrescine are involved in a number of inflammatory diseases, but their role in the development of gingivitis and periodontitis has not been fully investigated. The goal of this investigation was to study the levels and the variations of these amines, and the main enzymes related to their metabolism, during archwire orthodontic treatment, a condition which may induce gingivitis.Methods: Sixty patients (age range: 11 to 27 years) were examined for gingivitis occurring during nickel‐titanium (Ni‐Ti) archwire orthodontic treatment. Plaque and gingival indexes (PI, GI) as well as salivary polyamine metabolism before the archwire insertion (T0) and at 3 (T1), 6 (T2), and 12 (T3) months of treatment were measured.Results: In patients in the age range of 14 to 17 years, spermine and spermidine, but not putrescine contents, as well as ornithinedecarboxylase (ODC) and S‐adenosylmethionine‐decarboxylase (SAMDC) activities, significantly rose at 3 months after insertion, without any change in periodontal parameters, and further increased at 6 months reaching the maximum at 12 months. GI increased later, from 6 to 12 months, while PI did not significantly change. Spermidine/ spermine‐N1‐acetyltransferase (SSAT) activity remained unchanged from T0 to T3. On the contrary, in patients whose age was 11 to 13 or over 18 years, no significant variations in polyamine metabolism and periododontal parameters were observed at any examination time.Conclusion: These data support the hypothesis that salivary polyamines might be earlier indicators of gingivitis than the gingival index score in adolescents wearing archwire appliances. J Periodontol 2004;75:877‐885.
Alterations in Location of the Mucogingival Junction 5 Years After Coronally Repositioned Flap Surgery
Authors: Gürgan Cem A. , Oruç A. Murat , Akkaya Murat 
Published: February 2005

Background: The aim of this clinical study was to evaluate whether the mucogingival junction (MGJ) reverts back towards its original location following coronally repositioned flap (CRF) procedure over a 5‐year follow‐up period.Methods: Thirteen systemically healthy patients with 26 Miller Class I buccal gingival recessions were treated using the CRF technique. At baseline, and 1, 6, 12, and 60 months after surgery, location of gingival margin (LGM), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), width of keratinized gingiva (WKG), and location of mucogingival junction (LMGJ) were recorded. The alterations in the clinical measurements at the different evaluation times were analyzed using the Friedman and the repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests, where applicable. Degree of association between continuous variables was calculated by the Pearson's correlation coefficient.Results: The mean percentage of root coverage obtained at the end of 1 month was 68.26% ± 30.37% (P <0.05) and at 60 months, it was reduced to 44.86% ± 33.91% (P <0.01). LGM (r = 0.592, P <0.001), CAL (r = 0.590, P <0.01), WKG (r = 0.442, P <0.05), and LMGJ (r = 0.653, P <0.001) were found to be significantly correlated with the 60‐month postoperative values of LMGJ. At the end of the 60‐month follow‐up period, the mean apical displacement of LGM was 0.67 ± 0.72 mm and the same mean apical displacement value for LMGJ was 0.98 ± 1.19 mm.Conclusions: Within the limits of this study, the 60‐month follow‐up findings indicated that the CRF procedure failed to maintain the gingival tissue in a coronal position and that the observed movement of the MGJ back to its original position was partially dependent on the apical movement of gingival margin.J Periodontol 2004;75:893‐901.