bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
L’espace dans la géométrie et l’épistémologie pascaliennes
Authors: Debuiche Valérie , Bellon Thomas 
Published: December 2023

L’objet de cet article est de montrer que la conception pascalienne de l’espace en soi, libéré de la référence aux choses qui l’occupent, ne prend pas racine dans l’hypothèse physique du vide, mais participe, en tant que notion primitive de la pensée, du fondement de la connaissance humaine. Ainsi compris au rang des évidences naturelles, l’espace s’offre comme l’objet principal d’une nouvelle géométrie qui s’affranchit des considérations métriques des grandeurs au profit d’une approche qualitative. La notion d’espace est ultimement interrogée dans son volet anthropologique à l’aune du fragment L. 199, « Disproportion de l’homme ».
Socrate l’ autourgos tês philosophias : Remarques sur le Banquet I, 5 de Xénophon
Authors: De Simoni Milione Vitor 
Published: December 2023

L’objectif de cet article est d’évaluer le sens et la portée de la locution autourgous tês philosophias , qui apparaît dans le Banquet I, 5. J’espère montrer que cette locution en dit plus qu’elle n’en a l’air prima facie . Je soutiendrai que l’ensemble du passage dépasse la simple opposition entre la ( philo ) sophia gratuite de Socrate et la sophia non gratuite des sophistes, d’une part, et la richesse de Callias et la pauvreté des socratiques, d’autre part. Mon point de départ sera le prologue du Banquet , suivi d’une analyse des Mémorables I, 6, texte où l’on trouve une conception de philosophia en tant que diaita ; j’analyserai ensuite les textes du corpus xénophontien où figure le mot autourgos , lui aussi associé à la notion de diaita . Ce parcours analytique montrera qu’il y a deux visions de la philosophie en jeu dans le Banquet I, 5 : celle de Callias, qui croit que Socrate et les siens ont les âmes purifiées, mais qui, en même temps, ne comprend pas tout à fait leur pratique philosophique, et celle de Socrate qui, dans sa réplique à la provocation de Callias, lui présente de manière condensée sa vision de la philosophie.
Cross-Reactivity of Antibodies to Rituximab with Other Therapeutic Anti-CD20 Antibodies
Authors: Rispens Theo , Kuijpers Taco W , Killestein Joep , van Kempen Zoé L E , Bloem Karien 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
One reason for a lack of response to rituximab as well as infusion-related anaphylactic adverse events is the development of antidrug Abs to rituximab. Besides rituximab, a number of other therapeutic Abs targeting CD20 are nowadays available as alternatives. In this study, we investigated the potential cross-reactivity of (human) anti-rituximab Abs to three other anti-CD20 mAbs: ofatumumab, obinutuzumab, and ocrelizumab. In 25 cases of anti-rituximab Abs, cross-reactivity was examined using both direct binding assays and inhibition immunoassays. Although no cross-reactivity was observed to ofatumumab or obinutuzumab, 8 of 25 samples also showed reactivity toward ocrelizumab in at least one of the two assays. Furthermore, in three cases of anti-ocrelizumab Abs, cross-reactivity to rituximab was observed in an inhibition immunoassay, albeit not in a direct binding assay. Our results suggest that obinutuzumab or ofatumumab are safe anti-CD20 alternatives in case of the presence of anti-rituximab Abs. It is advisable to proceed cautiously if switching from rituximab to ocrelizumab (or vice versa) is considered in case these alternatives may not be available.
The Implant-Induced Foreign Body Response Is Limited by CD13-Dependent Regulation of Ubiquitination of Fusogenic Proteins
Authors: Ghosh Mallika , McGurk Fraser , Norris Rachael , Dong Andy , Nair Sreenidhi , Jellison Evan , Murphy Patrick , Verma Rajkumar , Shapiro Linda H 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Implanted medical devices, from artificial heart valves and arthroscopic joints to implantable sensors, often induce a foreign body response (FBR), a form of chronic inflammation resulting from the inflammatory reaction to a persistent foreign stimulus. The FBR is characterized by a subset of multinucleated giant cells (MGCs) formed by macrophage fusion, the foreign body giant cells (FBGCs), accompanied by inflammatory cytokines, matrix deposition, and eventually deleterious fibrotic implant encapsulation. Despite efforts to improve biocompatibility, implant-induced FBR persists, compromising the utility of devices and making efforts to control the FBR imperative for long-term function. Controlling macrophage fusion in FBGC formation presents a logical target to prevent implant failure, but the actual contribution of FBGCs to FBR-induced damage is controversial. CD13 is a molecular scaffold, and in vitro induction of CD13KO bone marrow progenitors generates many more MGCs than the wild type, suggesting that CD13 regulates macrophage fusion. In the mesh implant model of FBR, CD13KO mice produced significantly more peri-implant FBGCs with enhanced TGF-β expression and increased collagen deposition versus the wild type. Prior to fusion, increased protrusion and microprotrusion formation accompanies hyperfusion in the absence of CD13. Expression of fusogenic proteins driving cell–cell fusion was aberrantly sustained at high levels in CD13KO MGCs, which we show is due to a novel CD13 function, to our knowledge, regulating ubiquitin/proteasomal protein degradation. We propose CD13 as a physiologic brake limiting aberrant macrophage fusion and the FBR, and it may be a novel therapeutic target to improve the success of implanted medical devices. Furthermore, our data directly implicate FBGCs in the detrimental fibrosis that characterizes the FBR.
Welcome to AICE and sincere wishes for peace for the new year 2024
Authors: De Gaetano Giovanni 
Published: December 2023

We are at the end of a second, successful year of activity of Bleeding, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, the official journal of the Italian Society of Haemostasis and Thrombosis (SISET). Following a recent full agreement between the Board of Directors of SISET and of the Associazione Italiana Centri Emofilia (AICE), it is my great pleasure to announce that, starting January 1, 2024, AICE will be an Affiliated Scientific Society to BTVB ...
Interleukin-33 exerts pleiotropic immunoregulatory effects in response to Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbA) infection in mice
Authors: Abd Rachman Isnadi Mohammad Faruq , Basir Rusliza , Omenesa Ramatu Bello , Abd Majid Roslaini , Abdullah Maizaton Atmadini , Mat Taib Che Norma , Priya Sivan Padma , Kong Yong Yean , Kin Chin Voon , Mukhtar Gambo Lawal 
Published: December 2023

Objective:
To determine the involvement and the modulatory effects of IL-33 during Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbA) infection.

Methods:
PbA infection in male ICR mice was utilized as a model of malaria. Systemically circulating IL-33 levels were determined in blood plasma by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). After 24 hours post-inoculation of PbA, recombinant IL-33 and ST2, and antibodies against IL-33 and IgG treatments were administered daily for 3 days. Tissue expression and localization of IL-33 were assessed in organs generally affected by malaria via immunohistochemistry. Moreover, histopathological examination was performed to assess the effects of the treatments.

Results:
The levels of systemic IL-33 were elevated at the critical phase of PbA infection. Likewise, immunohistochemical analysis revealed a significant upregulation of IL-33 expression at the critical phase in the brain, lungs, and spleen of PbA-infected mice as compared to healthy controls. Treatment with IL-33 protected against experimental cerebral malaria development and reduced pathological features in the brain and lungs of the PbA-infected mice.

Conclusions:
A potential critical role and involvement of IL-33 in PbA infection may hint at the resolution of immunopathological sequelae associated with malaria.
Clinical profile of adverse drug reactions in patients admitted to internal medicine wards of a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Tongaonkar Arnav , Joshi Kavita , Mulkalwar Alhad , Dagli Setu 
Published: December 2023

Introduction:
Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are unwanted, often harmful reaction resulting from a pharmacological intervention that warrants treatment, prevention, and future precautions. ADRs are highly prevalent with 10%–20% of patients suffering from one when admitted. The aim of this study was to identify cases and provide data on the incidence, severity, causality, and preventability of ADRs in a clinical setting in various age groups. The study also aimed to identify ADR risk factors which can be used to create ADR risk prediction models for application in everyday clinical practice to proactively detect patients at risk of developing these reactions.

Materials and Methods:
This was an inpatient, prospective, observational cohort study in the internal medicine ward of a major tertiary care hospital. Once the institutional ethics approval was obtained, patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were enrolled with informed consent. Their data were recorded in an ADR data form. These data were then analyzed using standardized scales to identify causality, severity, preventability, and avoidability along with specific risk factors and comparing them across age groups and drug classes.

Results:
One hundred and sixty-four patients were eligible and enrolled. Seventy percent of those suffering from ADRs were in the 30–60 years age group. Oral hypoglycemics and antituberculosis drugs were most commonly implicated, whereas metabolic and hepatic systems were the most frequent organ systems involved. Polypharmacy and hypertension were the most common risk factors identified. The cause of 96.3% of ADRs was probable, and 51.2% of the ADRs were categorized as severe. Nearly a fourth of the severe ADRs were categorized as life-threatening. A majority of the ADRs were treated by terminating the suspected drug, and 54% of patients recovered completely. 6.1% of the ADRs were definitely avoidable while 42.1% were unavoidable.

Conclusion:
This study clearly demonstrates the massive burden of ADRs, both on the patients and the hospitals. There is a dire need for a standardized, easily accessible means of mandatory reporting of ADRs, and that data need to be utilized to treat, decrease morbidity, and prevent ADRs by proactively anticipating them to ultimately improve patient care.

The following core competencies are addressed in this article:
Patient care, Medical knowledge, Interpersonal and communication skills, Practice-based learning and improvement, and Systems-based practice
Dosimetry and effect of talocrural thrust manipulation on the range of motion in subjects with chronic ankle instability
Authors: Shraddha Surati , Nagaraj Sibbala 
Published: December 2023

Introduction:
Chronic ankle instability (CAI) is described as the patient’s sense of an abnormal ankle, which is characterized by a combination of symptoms such as recurrent sprains, discomfort, edema, or activity avoidance. Talocrural thrust manipulation (TCTM) is a manual treatment technique that includes applying a manual push to a specific motion segment, often in the form of a joint glide. The study aimed to find out the dosimetry and effect of TCTM on the range of motion (ROM) and quality of life (QoL) in subjects with CAI.

Materials and Methods:
Forty subjects fulfilling the selection criteria were included in the study, with single group repeated measures design. A talocrural thrust is given to the ankle and outcomes were assessed during 1st week, 2nd week, and 3rd week after the intervention, and the scores were recorded.

Results:
The group was ranging from 13 to 22, with a mean and standard deviation (SD) of 16.15 ± 2.28. After 1 week, showed an increase in the range of 17–29, with a mean and SD of 22.40 ± 2.75. Similarly, for 2 weeks, the range increased to 24–32 with a mean and SD of 29.53 ± 1.71 after 2 weeks. However, the range was found to have increased to 31–34, with a mean and SD of 32.35 ± 0.70, and found to be statistically significant (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
TCTM is effective in improving ROM and QoL in people who have persistent ankle instability.
Talocrural thrust manipulation technique stimulates the proprioceptive awareness which is often impaired in chronic instability subjects targeting the joints with specific thrust to treat pain and dysfunction and the consistency of the movement underlying the tissues which is more crucial in identifying the restrictions of the joint.

The following core competencies are addressed in this article:
Medical knowledge, Patient care, Systems-based practice
Strongyloidiasis masquerading as Addison’s disease
Authors: Mudraje Sriram , Garg Nancy , Bansal Shaifali , Khare Jaideep , Jindal Sushil 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
A 20-year-old man presented with complaints of weight loss of 25 kg, anorexia, vomiting, and generalized darkening of complexion for 6 months. He complained of abdominal discomfort, fullness, and pain after meals, followed by vomiting. There was no history of diarrhea, fever, night sweats, or jaundice. The stools were not bulky or oily. He was hospitalized before, but nothing significant was found except for mucosal thickening in the stomach and duodenum in gastroscopy. His chest X-ray, thyroid function tests, plasma glucose, and abdominal sonography were found normal during the previous admission. Serology for HIV was nonreactive. Family history was noncontributory. The patient had no addictions. The patient was shifted to the endocrine ward with a suspected diagnosis of Addison’s disease. The patient looked cachexic, with sunken eyes and coarse hair. However, serum 8 a.m. cortisol was normal. But vitamin B12 was low. The patient belonged to a rural background and was going to fields for defecation. His stool examination showed larvae of Strongyloides. After antihelminthic drugs, he showed improvement in appetite and regained 24 kg of weight in the next 4 months. Skin complexion also became normal.
An adolescent girl presenting with primary amenorrhea: A case report of complete androgen insensitivity syndrome
Authors: Arjunan Durairaj , Ghosh Jayaditya , Hussain Sadam , Kumar Prahlad , Singh Antaal Ramanjit , Mukherjee Soham , Walia Rama , Bhadada Sanjay K 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS) is an X-linked recessive disorder characterized by distinct clinical features. Key diagnostic indicators include well-developed breasts, absent axillary and pubic hair growth, and unambiguous female external genitalia. Additional clues can be obtained from the patient’s medical history, such as a previous inguinal hernia and the absence of Müllerian structures. Testosterone levels in CAIS patients typically exceed the reference range for females and fall within the normal to elevated range for males in the corresponding age group. The conversion of testosterone to estrogen plays a crucial role in promoting appropriate breast development. In CAIS, the Müllerian structures are typically absent due to the secretion of the anti-Müllerian hormone, leading to their regression and the presence of a blind vaginal pouch. This case report presents the diagnosis and management of a 15-year-old girl with CAIS who initially presented with primary amenorrhea. The patient underwent bilateral laparoscopic gonadectomy, followed by hormone replacement therapy involving estradiol administration. Plans for future treatment include vaginal dilatation to facilitate penetrative intercourse. The case emphasizes the importance of conducting a thorough physical examination in patients with primary amenorrhea, as it aids in early detection and facilitates appropriate management decisions. By recognizing the clinical clues and implementing a comprehensive management approach, healthcare professionals can effectively address the challenges associated with CAIS and provide appropriate care to affected individuals.
A Comparative Study to Evaluate Prognostic Value of Glasgow Coma Score and Full Outline of Unresponsiveness Scale to Predict the Outcome of Unconscious Child in the Paediatric Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Dwivedi Ajeetkumar , Singh Naveen Kumar , Mehta Anita , Singh Abhishek Kumar , Chaudhary Pankaj Kumar 
Published: December 2023

Background:
The current issue of improving mortality and care in paediatric patient is very challenging. Early anticipation and intervention will be helpful in improving the outcome in emergency and paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) by the use of Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and Full Outline of Unresponsiveness (FOUR) score. Decreasing in GCS and FOUR score is associated with worsening level of consciousness.

Aim:
The Aim of the study was to compare the prognostic value of FOUR and GCS score in unconscious children to predict the survival in unconscious children to predict the morbidity pattern.

Materials and Methods:
The present observational study was done from June 2019 to June 2020 at PICU of Department of Paediatrics, BRD Medical College, Gorakhpur, following Ethical Clearance from the Institutional Ethics Committee of BRD Medical College. All the admitted unconscious children in PICU were included in our study. Data entry and analysis were done using SPSS. Data were analysed using appropriate statistical test.

Results:
In our study, 65 (50.0%) patients were 9–12 years old and male was predominant. Seventy-eight (60%) patients had symptoms of <3 days. GCS score of E, V, M response at the time of admission was assessed in which maximum patients seen in E2 i.e., 60 (46.2%), V2 50 (38.5%) patients and M5 47 (36.1%) patients, while after 12 h patients, maximum GCS were seen in E3 54 (41.5%) patients, V2 54 (41.5%) patients and M5 (42.3%) patients and after 72 h patients maximum GCS was seen in E4 80 (61.5%) patients, V 54 (41.5%) patients and M51 (39.2%) patients. FOUR score baseline eye response was maximum in E2 39 (30%), motor response in M2 76 (58.5%), brain stem function response in B4 118 (90.8%) and respiration response in R4 44 (33.8%). Similarly, after 12 h score was E3 44 (33.8%), M3 48 (36.9%), B4 74 (56.9%), R4 56 (44.4%) while after 72 h score was E3 75 (57.7%), M4 75 (57.7%), B4 88 (67.7%) and R4 88 (67.7%). On final diagnosis, maximum was of AES 40 (30.7%). Thirty-two patients expired during the study period.

Conclusion:
FOUR and GCS score both is the good predictor of severity of disease and of mortality and may help in prioritising the treatment of sick as well as the counselling of parents about disease severity.
Clinico-epidemiological Determinants of Tuberculosis Co-infection among Adults Attending an Antiretroviral Centre at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Madhya Pradesh
Authors: Gupta Preeti , Tomar Akanksha , Bansal Manoj , Gupta Rajesh Kumar 
Published: December 2023

Background:
The co-infection of human immunodeficiency virus-tuberculosis (HIV-TB) is a serious public health concern and aptly called the ‘deadly duo’. Recognising the determinants of the co-infection will help target the vulnerable population for prevention and reduce mortality.

Aims:
The objective of this study was to estimate the proportion of HIV-TB co-infection among adults attending the antiretroviral therapy (ART) centre at a tertiary healthcare facility and associated clinico-epidemiological determinants.

Patients and Methods:
A cross-sectional analytical research that lasted for 6 months was conducted at the ART Centre of Medical College, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh. According to the inclusion criteria, 251 newly diagnosed HIV patients were enrolled in the study. The pro forma administered by the interviewer was utilised to collect the socio-demographic information at the time of enrolment by face-to-face interviews. To gather the clinical details, records were reviewed. A Chi-square test of significance was used to determine the difference between proportions after descriptive analysis. Variables found significant in bivariate analysis were put in multivariate logistic regression to predict HIV-TB co-infection. The odds ratio was estimated at 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results:
Among the participants, 27.5% of the 251 people had both TB and HIV. Males who were employed as labourers (X
2 = 25.5, df = 4 and P = 0.001) were epidemiologically more likely to get co-infection. In comparison to the other group of HIV-only patients, the CD4+ count of co-infected individuals was considerably lower (X
2 = 6.37, df = 3 and P < 0.01). Clinical staging of HIV (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] =4.70, 95% CI 2.34–9.43; P = 0.001), body mass index (aOR = 0.46, 95% CI 0.013; P = 0.25–0.85) and CD4+ count (aOR = 0.22, 95% CI 0.08–0.60; P = 0.003) were found to predict HIV-TB co-infection among people living with HIV (PLHIV).

Conclusion:
The study concludes, being underweight with an advanced clinical staging (World Health Organisation Clinical Stage III or IV of HIV) and a CD4+ count equal to or below 300 cells/μL increase the vulnerability of HIV-TB co-infection among adult PLHIV.
Nurses’ Awareness, Perception and Practices Regarding Antibiotic Use: A Call for Setting up an Antimicrobial Stewardship Programme
Authors: Mishra Rakhi , Rani Ruchika , Sharma Maneesh , Kumar Rajesh 
Published: December 2023

Background:
Antibiotic misuse is a global threat. In recent years, inadequate awareness and inappropriate adherence to antibiotic prescription have been coupled with frequent self-medication practices.

Aims:
The study aims to assess awareness, perception and practices followed by nurses on antibiotics use at a tertiary care hospital in North India.

Materials and Methods:
This online survey was completed by 232 nurses working at a tertiary care teaching hospital in North India from September to October 2020. A pre-validated questionnaire of awareness, perception and practices was used to collect information. Appropriate descriptive and inferential statistics are used to generate the results.

Results:
The mean age of nurses was 27.84 (±3.06) years, and 60% were male. The majority of the nurses (80.17%) had a graduate degree in nursing, with a professional experience of 6.25 (±5.30) years. More than two-third (87.5%) of nurses are familiar with the word antibiotics resistance. Surprisingly, 47.4% of nurses used antibiotics more than two times without a prescription in the current year. Interestingly, 95.26% of nurses know antibiotics are effective against bacteria and are disease specific (93.79%). Further, 96.55% of nurses said that unnecessary antibiotic use might lead to resistance, and 68.10% agreed to take antibiotics after a doctor’s prescription.

Conclusions:
Self-medication practices were high amongst nurses. Organising more in-service education, intense orientation programmes and instruction-based training needs to intensify nurses on the appropriate use of antibiotics and to set up an antimicrobial stewardship programme at the institute.