bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multivalent HSA Conjugates of 3′‐Sialyllactose are Potent Inhibitors of Adenoviral Cell Attachment and Infection
Authors: Johansson Susanne M. C. , Arnberg Niklas , Elofsson Mikael , Wadell Göran , Kihlberg Jan 
Published: January 2005

AbstractAdenoviruses of serotypes 8, 19 and 37 are the major cause of the severe eye infection EKC (epidemic keratoconjunctivitis). In general, all adenoviruses interact with their cellular receptors through the fibre proteins, which extend from the virus particle. Recently, adenovirus type 37 (Ad37) was found to bind and infect human corneal cells through attachment to carbohydrate structures that carry terminal α‐(2–3)‐linked sialic acids. Herein we present a synthetic route to a 3′‐sialyllactose derivative and corresponding multivalent HSA conjugates with varying orders of valency. The potential of these compounds as inhibitors of EKC‐causing adenovirus of serotype Ad37, was studied with both a binding assay and an infectivity assay. The results revealed that these compounds effectively prevent Ad37 from binding to and infecting human corneal epithelial (HCE) cells. Moreover, the inhibition is significantly increased with higher orders of multivalency.
Predicting winds and air quality within the Las Vegas Valley
Authors: Carrington David B. , Pepper Darrell W. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA finite element model that employs local mesh adaptation is used to calculate wind fields and pollutant transport within the Las Vegas Valley. Meteorological data collected from various country, city, and government agencies are used to generate diagnostic flow fields, which subsequently provide initial conditions for the prognostic solution of the time‐dependent equations of motion and species transport. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Direct intralymphatic injection of peptide vaccines enhances immunogenicity
Authors: Johansen P. , Häffner A. C. , Koch F. , Zepter K. , Erdmann I. , Maloy K. , Simard J. J. , Storni T. , Senti G. , Bot A. , Wüthrich B. , Kündig T. M. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractResearch to enhance the efficiency of vaccines focuses mainly on improving either the adjuvant or the type and form of the antigen. This study evaluates the influence of the administration route on the efficiency of a peptide‐based vaccine. Peptide vaccines are generally administered subcutaneously or intradermally, from where they must reach secondary lymphatic organs to induce an immune response. We analyzed the efficacy of peptide vaccines administered directly into a lymph node. Using a MHC class I‐binding peptide from lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, we found that intralymphatic injection enhanced immunogenicity by as much as 106 times when compared to subcutaneous and intradermal vaccination. Intralymphatic administration induced CD8 T cell responses with strong cytotoxic activity and IFN‐γ production that conferred long‐term protection against viral infections and tumors. These results should have immediate implications for clinical immunotherapy of infectious disease and cancer.
Survival versus neglect: redefining thymocyte subsets based on expression of NKG2D ligand(s) and MHC class I
Authors: Li Jennifer , Rabinovich Brian A. , Hurren Rose , Cosman David , Miller Richard G. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractBALB/c thymocytes can be divided into three distinct subsets according to the expression of a ligand for the NK activation receptor NKG2D (NKG2D‐L) and the expression of MHC class I (MHC‐I). The first subset (MHC‐Imid/NKG2D‐Lhigh or “N+”) is predominately CD4+CD8+ double positive (DP), comprises ∼35% of thymocytes in a 6–8‐week‐old adult and contains uncommitted cells that have neither undergone selection nor are committed to death by neglect. The second subset (MHC‐Ilow/NKG2D‐Llow or “M–”), also mostly DP cells, comprises ∼50% of thymocytes and consists of cells committed to death by apoptosis, likely due to neglect. By contrast, the third subset (MHC‐Ihigh/NKG2D‐Llow or “M+”) is largely single positive (SP), represents ∼15% of thymocytes and mostly contains more mature cells that have undergone successful positive selection. The major advantage of the analysis is that it splits DP cells into two subpopulations, one committed to death by apoptosis and the other subjected to selection. The analysis also suggests that NKG2D‐L may play a role in thymocyte development.
Distinct temporal programming of naive CD4+ T cells for cell division versus TCR‐dependent death susceptibility by antigen‐presenting macrophages
Authors: Schrum Adam G. , Palmer Ed , Turka Laurence A. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractNaive T cells become programmed for clonal expansion and contraction during the early hours of antigenic signaling. Recent studies support an ‘autopilot’ model, wherein the commitment to proliferate and the magnitude of the proliferative response are simultaneously determined during a single, brief period of antigen exposure. Here, we have examined whether the proliferation of naive CD4+ T cells must occur on ‘autopilot’, or whether extended periods of antigenic signaling can impact primary proliferative responses to antigen‐presenting macrophages (macrophage APC). We found that a single exposure to antigen (18 h) simultaneously committed T cells to (1) up‐regulate surface TCR above the level expressed on naive T cells, (2) undergo minimal cell division, and (3) acquire susceptibility to TCR‐dependent activation‐induced cell death. However, continued antigenic signaling between 18 and 72 h was required to amplify the number of daughter cells derived from the already committed T cells. Thus, a discrete commitment time was followed by a ‘tuning’ period, where extended antigenic signaling determined the volume of the proliferative response. We conclude that T cell commitment to full clonal expansion versus TCR‐dependent death susceptibility represent two separate programming events whose timing can be segregated by macrophage APC.
Development and activation of regulatory T cells in the human fetus
Authors: Cupedo Tom , Nagasawa Maho , Weijer Kees , Blom Bianca , Spits Hergen 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThere is an increasing amount of knowledge on the functional properties of regulatory T cells (Treg) in the adult immune system, but data on the generation and function of these cells during human embryonic development are scarce. In this study, we show that in the fetal thymus, double‐positive cells initiate expression of CD25, GITR, CTLA4 and CD122 during their transition from the CD27– to the CD27+ stage. Moreover, CD4+CD25+ fetal thymocytes already have the potential to suppress proliferation of CD25– cells. After leaving the thymus, FoxP3+CD4+CD25+ Treg enter the fetal lymph nodes and spleen, where they acquire a primed/memory phenotype. A model is proposed for the development of human fetal Treg that encompasses two sequential maturation steps: initiation of a regulatory phenotype and suppressive activity in the thymus; and subsequent activation within the peripheral lymphoid organs. Upon activation, FoxP3+CD4+CD25+ Treg suppress potentially deleterious responses by autoreactive lymphocytes and maintain homeostasis within the developing fetus.See accompanying Commentary: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eji.200525996
CD40/CD40L interaction regulates CD4+CD25+ T reg homeostasis through dendritic cell‐produced IL‐2
Authors: Guiducci Cristiana , Valzasina Barbara , Dislich Heidrun , Colombo Mario P. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractCD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (T reg) development and homeostasis require IL‐2 and costimulation through same TNF‐receptor family members. CD40KO mice have reduced number of T reg in peripheral blood, thymus and spleen. Herein we show that naive T reg express low basal level of CD40L that is upregulated upon TCR‐triggered mediated activation. Treatment of wt mice with Ab blocking CD40/CD40L interaction results in a fast decrease in T reg number that rapidly recovers upon Ab withdrawal. CFSE‐labeled T reg from wt mice injected into CD40KO, but not wild‐type (wt) mice, showed reduced survival and proliferation in homeostatic setting. In vitro, dendritic cells from CD40KO mice but not wt mice produce diminished amount of IL‐2 upon T reg encounter and are impaired in expanding T reg, a defect corrected by the addition of rIL‐2. Accordingly, four daily IL‐2 administrations to CD40KO mice normalize T reg number by promoting both their survival and homeostatic proliferation. Such IL‐2 effect is transient since T reg number returns to the low constitutive level described in CD40KO mice within 5 days upon IL‐2 withdrawal thus suggesting that IL‐2 is persistently needed to assure T reg homeostasis.
Coming of age: carbohydrates and immunity
Authors: Cobb Brian A. , Kasper Dennis L. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractAdaptive immune responses have long been considered the “territory” of antigenic proteins, whereas carbohydrates are characterized as T‐cell‐independent antigens that are not typically recognized by the complete adaptive machinery. The current modus operandi when searching for dominant epitopes is the use of synthetic peptides designed from the primary structure of interesting target proteins; however, there is growing evidence that sugars can also play a critical role in immune recognition. Findings reported in this issue of the European Journal of Immunology begin to shed light on the differences in protein glycosylation that can occur in association with disorders like rheumatoid arthritis and the effect these changes have on collagen recognition by the immune system. Other recent studies have shown that immunodominant glycopeptide “remnant” epitopes as well as glycosylation changes on self‐proteins can generate autoimmunity. Finally, some types of carbohydrates are now known to be processed and presented to T cells by class II MHC. Taken together, these advances illustrate a clear importance for carbohydrate recognition in foreign and self antigens by the adaptive immune system. With the common presence of carbohydrate molecules on eukaryotic, prokaryotic, and viral surfaces, the impact of carbohydrates on adaptive immunity is now indisputable.See accompanying article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eji.200425637
Multiple‐tuned liquid column dampers for torsional vibration control of structures: experimental investigation
Authors: Shum K. M. , Xu Y. L. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThis paper presents an experimental investigation on the performance of multiple‐tuned liquid column dampers (MTLCD) for reducing torsional vibration of structures in comparison with single‐tuned liquid column dampers (STLCD). A large structure model simulating its torsional vibration and several STLCDs and MTLCDs of different configurations are designed and constructed. A series of harmonically forced vibration tests are conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of MTLCDs in reducing torsional vibration of the structure and to assess the performance effects of various design parameters, which include the number of TLCD units in a MTLCD, the bandwidth of a MTLCD, the frequency tuning ratio and the moment excitation amplitude. An averaging method is also used to identify the head loss coefficients of STLCDs and MTLCDs in conjunction with the free vibration test technique. The experimental results show that the performance of a MTLCD is better than a STLCD with the same water volume in reducing the torsional vibration of structure. The performance sensitivity to frequency tuning ratio can be improved by using MTLCDs. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficient forecasting in nearly non‐stationary processes
Authors: Sánchez Ismael 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThis paper proposes a procedure to make efficient predictions in a nearly non‐stationary process. The method is based on the adaptation of the theory of optimal combination of forecasts to nearly non‐stationary processes. The proposed combination method is simple to apply and has a better performance than classical combination procedures. It also has better average performance than a differenced predictor, a fractional differenced predictor, or an optimal unit‐root pretest predictor. In the case of a process that has a zero mean, only the non‐differenced predictor is slightly better than the proposed combination method. In the general case of a non‐zero mean, the proposed combination method has a better overall performance than all its competitors. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reduced short‐term obsessive–compulsive symptoms in schizophrenic patients treated with risperidone: a single‐blind prospective study
Authors: Veznedaroglu Baybars , Ercan Eyup Sabri , Kayahan Bulent , Varan Azmi , Bayraktar Erhan 
Published: January 2005

AbstractBackgroundRisperidone is a widely used agent as first‐line treatment in schizophrenia with a favorable side‐effect profile. However, a number of case reports have suggested an increase in obsessive–compulsive symptoms in patients treated with risperidone.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of risperidone on obsessive–compulsive symptoms in the treatment of schizophrenia.MethodForty patients with DSM‐IV diagnosis of schizophrenia were included in the study. The Yale‐Brown obsessive compulsive scale was administered before, at the end of first and second months of treatment. Paired‐samples t‐test was used to compare the three assessments.ResultsThere was not an increase, but a significant decrease, in YBOCS scores over time during risperidone treatment (p<0.05).ConclusionIn the present study risperidone caused a significant decrease in obsessive–compulsive symptoms in the treatment of schizophrenia. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of deoxyadenosine‐5′‐(35S)‐thiomonophosphate [dAMP(35S)] of high specific activity – a key intermediate for the synthesis of Sp‐deoxyadenosine‐5′‐(alpha;‐35S)‐thiotriphosphate [Sp‐dATP (α‐35S)]
Authors: Mathew K. M. , Ravi S. , Sontakke C. V. , Chander H. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractUnprotected deoxyadenosine 1 was treated with an excess of phosphorus acid and stoichiometric proportions of N, N′‐di‐p‐tolylcarbodiimide in anhydrous pyridine to give deoxyadenosine‐5′‐monophosphite 2. The latter was activated with trimethylsilyl chloride followed by sulphurisation with elemental 35S (specific activity>1000 Ci/mmol) in toluene solution to give deoxyadenosine‐5′‐(35S)‐thiomonophosphate [dAMP(35S)] 3. Enzymatic conversion of deoxyadenosine‐5′‐(35S)‐thiomonophosphate to Sp‐deoxyadenosine‐5′‐(α‐35S)‐thiotriphosphate [Sp‐dATP (α‐35S)] 5 was carried out following a standard reaction protocol. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Isotopically labelled tropane alkaloids. The synthesis of (RS)‐[3′, 3′‐2H2]‐ and (RS)‐[1′‐13C, 3′, 3′‐2H2]‐ hyoscyamines for metabolism studies in plants
Authors: Patterson Stephen , O'Hagan David 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA synthetic route to isotopically labelled forms of the tropane alkaloid hyoscyamine, including (RS)‐[3′, 3′,‐2H2]‐ (2a) and (RS)‐[1′‐13C, 3′, 3′,‐2H2]‐ (2b) hyoscyamines, involving the reaction between phenylacetyl tropine and formaldehyde is described. The isotopically labelled products enable the metabolism of hyoscyamine to be studied in plants such as Datura stramonium. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Radiosynthesis of [11C]paclitaxel
Authors: Ravert Hayden T. , Klecker Raymond W. , Collins Jerry M. , Mathews William B. , Pomper Martin G. , Wahl Richard L. , Dannals Robert F. 
Published: January 2005

Abstract[11C]paclitaxel, a potential solid tumor imaging agent, was synthesized by reacting [α‐11C]benzoyl chloride with the primary amine precursor of paclitaxel. The time for synthesis, purification, and formulation was 38 min from end of bombardment with an average specific radioactivity of 49.9 GBq/μmol (1349 mCi/μmol) at end of synthesis. The average decay corrected radiochemical yield was 7% with greater than 99% radiochemical purity. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Changes in Antarctic Peninsula tropospheric temperatures from 1956 to 1999: a synthesis of observations and reanalysis data
Authors: Marshall Gareth J. , Lagun Victor , Lachlan‐Cope Thomas A. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe surface warming at Faraday station in the western Antarctic Peninsula is one of the largest observed anywhere over the last 50 years, yet the physical mechanisms driving this climate change are poorly understood. In this paper we synthesize radiosonde temperature observations from three Peninsula stations and NCEP–NCAR reanalysis data in order to examine contemporaneous regional tropospheric temperature trends (1956–99), which may in turn help us to understand better the causes of the surface warming. The reanalysis data are utilized in two ways: (i) to provide long‐term mean monthly offsets between Faraday, which ceased radiosonde observations in 1982, and two other stations in the region having more recent data, Bellingshausen and Marambio, in order to create post‐1982 simulated Faraday data; (ii) after having any spurious trends and bias removed, to provide directly a monthly value for Faraday when no equivalent value from regional observations is available. Using available months of overlap, a comparison between temperature observations and simulated data suggests that the latter are a reasonable facsimile of the former.The synthesized time‐series of tropospheric temperatures reveal a statistically significant mean annual tropospheric (850–300 hPa) warming above Faraday between 1956 and 1999 of ∼0.027±0.022 °C year−1. Winter and summer both show a warming trend, with significance varying with height and season. Annually, the mean tropospheric warming is half that at the surface, Unlike the surface warming, the calculated tropospheric warming trend is no greater than observed at other Antarctic stations, and indeed is not significantly greater than the background global warming trend for most of the period examined. Thus, we cannot dismiss the possibility that the Peninsula surface warming may simply be a response to a global warming magnified by the observed strong regional feedback between sea‐ice extent and surface temperature during winter. Copyright © 2002 Royal Meteorological Society.
Raman spectroscopy of dimethyl sulphoxide and deuterated dimethyl sulphoxide at 298 and 77 K
Authors: Martens Wayde N. , Frost Ray L. , Kristof János , Theo Kloprogge J. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractRaman spectroscopy was used to determine the molecular behaviour of DMSO and DMSO‐d6, and to compare it with that of DMSO in DMSO‐intercalated kaolinites. For DMSO at 298 K two bands are observed at 2994 and 2913 cm−1 and are assigned to the antisymmetric and symmetric CH stretching modes. At 77 K the degeneracy of these bands is lost. Bands are now observed as antisymmetric bands at 3001, 2995 and 2988 cm−1 and symmetric bands at 2923, 2909 and 2885 cm−1, respectively. For the DMSO‐intercalated low‐defect kaolinite, the 2913 cm−1 band resolves into five component bands at 2882, 2907, 2917, 2920 and 2937 cm−1. The CD antisymmetric and symmetric stretching modes in the 298 K spectrum are found at 2250 and 2125 cm−1, respectively. Both bands show some asymmetry and further bands may be resolved at 2256 and 2244 cm−1 in the antisymmetric stretching region and at 2118 cm−1 in the symmetric stretching region. The spectra of the SO stretching region of DMSO and DMSO‐d6 are complex with a band profile centred at 1050 cm−1. Three bands are curve resolved at 1058, 1042 and 1026 cm−1 attributed to the unassociated monomer and the out‐of‐phase and the in‐phase vibrations of the dimer, respectively. Upon cooling to liquid nitrogen temperature, these three bands are observed at 1057, 1038 and 1019 cm−1. The spectra of the SO stretching region of DMSO‐d6 are more complex because of the overlap of the DCD deformation modes with the SO stretching modes. The antisymmetric and symmetric stretching CS modes of DMSO are observed at 698 and 667 cm−1, shifting at 77 K to 705 and 672 cm−1. It is concluded that the structure of DMSO in DMSO‐intercalated kaolinite is different from those of both liquid DMSO at 298 K and solid DMSO measured at 77 K. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Approximate, limiting and generalized trajectories of feedback differential systems
Authors: Mirică Ştefan 
Published: January 2005

AbstractIn view of possible applications in Optimal Control, Differential Games and other fields, we obtain certain invariant characterizations of the limiting Euler trajectories and of the limiting Krassovskii‐Subbotin trajectories of large classes of feedback differential systems defined as parameterized differential inclusions. We prove that these limiting trajectories are Carathéodory solutions of certain associated u.s.c.‐convexified differential inclusions which contain their generalized tangent and contingent directions. In particular, we give a counterexample to a conjecture of Krassovskii and Subbotin (1974) and provide a proof of its correct variant. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
An adiabatic theorem for section determinants of spectral projections
Authors: Otte Peter 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe derive an adiabatic‐type theorem that expresses the section determinants of spectral projections of a selfadjoint operator through the solution to an operator‐valued Wiener‐Hopf equation. The solution theory of this equation is developed and for a special case a concrete criterion that ensures uniqueness of the solution is presented. Furthermore, for a special class of operators a dichotomy criterion, which is used in the proof of the adiabatic theorem, is proved. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On a thermoelastic plate equation in an exterior domain
Authors: Enomoto Yuko 
Published: January 2005

AbstractObtained are the existence of solutions and the local energy decay of a linear thermoelastic plate equation in a 3 dim. exterior domain. The thermoplate equation is formulated as a Sobolev equation in the abstract framework. Our proof of the existence theorem is based on an argument due to Goldstein (Semigroups of Linear Operators and Applications. Oxford University Press: New York, 1985). To obtain the local energy decay, we use the commutation method in order to treat the high‐frequency part and a precise expansion of the resolvent operator obtained by constructing the parametrix in order to treat the low‐frequency. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A generalization of the weighted set covering problem
Authors: Yang Jian , Leung Joseph Y‐T. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe study a generalization of the weighted set covering problem where every element needs to be covered multiple times. When no set contains more than two elements, we can solve the problem in polynomial time by solving a corresponding weighted perfect b‐matching problem. In general, we may use a polynomial‐time greedy heuristic similar to the one for the classical weighted set covering problem studied by D.S. Johnson [Approximation algorithms for combinatorial problems, J Comput Syst Sci 9 (1974), 256–278], L. Lovasz [On the ratio of optimal integral and fractional covers, Discrete Math 13 (1975), 383–390], and V. Chvatal [A greedy heuristic for the set‐covering problem, Math Oper Res 4(3) (1979), 233–235] to get an approximate solution for the problem. We find a worst‐case bound for the heuristic similar to that for the classical problem. In addition, we introduce a general type of probability distribution for the population of the problem instances and prove that the greedy heuristic is asymptotically optimal for instances drawn from such a distribution. We also conduct computational studies to compare solutions resulting from running the heuristic and from running the commercial integer programming solver CPLEX on problem instances drawn from a more specific type of distribution. The results clearly exemplify benefits of using the greedy heuristic when problem instances are large. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2005