bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between Body Mass Index and Severity of Periodontal Disease among Adult South Indian Population: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Venkat Malliga , Janakiram Chandrashekar 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background:
Periodontal disease is one of the top six chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and is recognized as a severe global public health problem. This study aimed to assess the association between various levels of body mass index (BMI) and periodontal disease severity in Indian adults.

Material and Methods:
The study was designed as a hospital-based cross-sectional study involving 212 participants aged between 18 and 65. A questionnaire assessed by an investigator was used to assess oral health-associated risky behavior and demographical factors. Participants were also assessed using full-mouth clinical periodontal and anthropometric measurements. The mean number of sites with pocket probing depth (PPD) ≥4 mm and the presence of periodontal disease were used as outcome measures. Bivariate analysis and multiple logistic regressions were performed.

Results:
The overall proportion of participants with periodontal disease was 50%, that is, sites with PPD ≥4 mm (n = 106). Multivariate analysis showed that BMI (odds ratio (OR) = 0.77, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.43, 1.37) was not associated with periodontal disease, but smoking (OR = 3.90, 95% CI: 1.63, 5.89), alcohol consumption (OR = 1.24, 95% CI: 0.72, 2.13), age (OR = 2.51, 95% CI: 1.08, 5.84), and diabetic mellitus (OR = 1.69, 95% CI: 0.92, 3) were positively associated with periodontal disease.

Conclusion:
A positive association was found between smoking, alcohol consumption, age, gender, history of diabetic mellitus, and periodontal disease. No significant association exists between obesity and periodontal disease in South Indian adults.
Telemedicine Awareness and the Preferred Digital Healthcare Tools: A Community-based Cross-sectional Study from Rural Karnataka, India
Authors: Parameshwarappa Parvathi Malladra , Olickal Jeby Jose 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background:
The Indian government launched national teleconsultation services (eSanjeevani OPD) to provide safe doctor-to-patient consultations. This study aimed to determine the awareness and willingness to seek services from eSanjeevani OPDs.

Material and Methods:
This is a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted in Nandigudi village, Karnataka. The total sample size was 273, and participants were recruited using a systematic sampling technique.

Results:
The prevalence of awareness about teleconsultations was 2.2% (n = 6, 95% CI: 0.8–4.7%). None of the participants utilized eSanjeevani services in the last year. Approximately 56.0% (n = 153, 95% CI: 49.9–62.0%) were willing to use eSanjeevani OPD. “Not being familiar” (n = 99, 82.5%) with eSanjeevani OPD was the major reason for unwillingness to use teleconsultation, and 73.8% (n = 113) preferred video calls as the mode of communication.

Conclusion:
The majority of the participants were not aware of and were unwilling to use eSanjeevani OPD. Therefore, healthcare professionals should focus more on creating awareness of teleconsultations.
Effectiveness of Virtual Reality Distraction on Pain Perception and Fear among Children with Cancer Undergoing IV Cannulation
Authors: Amali R Jensi , Chavan Seema S. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background:
Cancer children are subjected to multiple cannulations during hospitalization. Pain and fear are most common during invasive procedures that are performed, especially IV cannulation, which can lead to worry. Exactly 25% of children are reported to have a fear of needle-related procedures. To examine the impact of virtual reality (VR) distraction on pain perception and fear in children with cancer undergoing IV cannulation.

Materials and Methods:
Using a quasi-experimental design, 80 cancer children with IV cannulation between ages 7–18 were recruited to the intervention and control group (N = 40 + 40) using the purposive sampling technique. The virtual reality distraction device was used 10 min before the peripheral IV cannulation procedure and remained in place until the procedure was completed in the intervention group, and no device was used in the control group. Wong–Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale and Children’s Fear Scale were used to assess the pain and fear of children and their mothers.

Result:
Pain perception was found to be significantly lower in the VR distraction group among both children and mothers (1.82 ± 0.18, 8.01 ± 3.21) 95% confidence interval (CI) [0.82, 2.16] compared to the control group, respectively (P = 0.001**). Fear was found to be significantly lower in the VR distraction group among both children and mothers (0.81 ± 0.71, 3.01 ± 1.42) 95% CI [0.46, 0.91]. A strong positive correlation was found between children’s and mothers’ pain perception (r = 0.91, P = 0.001**) and fear (r = 0.84, P = 0.001**).

Conclusion:
VR distraction can be used as an effective device in pain and fear management among children undergoing IV cannulation.
To Compare the Effectiveness of the Innovative Noninvasive Ventilation Mask with Inbuilt Feeding Port versus the Conventional Noninvasive Ventilation Mask in Patients Requiring Prolonged Ventilation: A Case Series
Authors: Paul Shamik K. R. , Singh Gunjan , Shyam M. , Ghosh Arnab , Yadav Rahul 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background:
Critically ill patients on Non- invasive Ventilation (NIV) or Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) tend to desaturate off ventilatory support. Hence, they are unable to meet their nutritional needs, leading to increase in hospital stay. It was evident during the COVID 19 pandemic. The failure rates of NIV were unusually high, from 30-45%. Despite the overall success of the treatment modality, NIV failure rates still range between 18% and 40% in the acute setting. It was seen that the patients on NIV get only 650 Kcal/ day which is far lower than the required energy requirement. There is a need to have an affordable and sustainable solution to deliver adequate nutrition to critically ill patients on NIV and CPAP, which is able to maintain a NG/ OG tube without frequent disconnections from the ventilator. With this fact in mind a NIV mask with inbuilt feeding port (NIV-IFP) was designed.

Aims and Objectives:
The aim of this case series was to compare the modified NIV-IFP mask with the conventional mask in terms of both effectiveness of ventilation as well as caloric replacement in critically ill patients. For the purpose of this study, we enlisted three patients who were critically ill and required NIV.

Results:
With the use of NIV-IFP mask we were able to substitute adequate amount of nutrition (2000Kcal to 2500 Kcal) without any discontinuation of NIV application and with minimal leak in the mask.

Conclusion:
When compared to other available technologies in this field, the NIV mask with the inbuilt feeding port is very economical and can be a boon in third world countries. The placement of this unique mechanism in the mask was instrumental in weaning off patients from NIV and avoided Invasive ventilation. It was proved beyond doubt that addition of this gland nut assembly was extremely effective in delivering adequate nutrition to our patients without compromising on the ventilation.
Does the Proximal Femur Geometry Predict Early Functional Outcome after Plate Fixation of Geriatric Pertrochanteric Fractures?
Authors: Uzuegbunam CO , Katchy AU , Anyaehie UE , Agu CC , Ede O , Iyidobi EC , Nwadinigwe CU , Muoghalu ON , Ngwangwa CL , Essien-Adetula U , Uzodimma SC 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
The proximal femur geometry determines the hip force distribution. The femoral neck axis length (FNAL), the hip axis length (HAL), the femoral head diameter, and the femoral neck-shaft angle (FNSA) could influence the risk and outcome of pertrochanteric fractures. Restoring these parameters to their prefracture values could predict early hip function.

Aim:
To determine if the postoperative proximal femur geometry of geriatric patients with plating for pertrochanteric fractures predicts the early functional outcome.

Materials and Methods:
The study was a prospective study carried out at the National Orthopaedic Hospital Enugu for 18 months. Geriatric patients who had Proximal Femoral Locking fixation for pertrochanteric fractures were recruited. Radiological parameters of the proximal femur in the unaffected and fixed hips were measured and compared. The functional outcomes of the patients were measured at 3 months postoperative period using the Harris hip score (HHS). Multiple linear regression was conducted on the parameters to determine the HHS.

Results:
Thirty patients participated in the study, with a significant difference (P < 0.001) in the mean FNSA between unaffected (M = 128.69, standard deviation (SD) =2.93) and operated hips (M = 121.81, SD = 8.86). The FNSA was the only significant predictor of hip function, with a 1-degree increase improving the HHS by 1.30.

Conclusion:
There is a significant difference in the FNSA between the unaffected and the operated hips. The FNSA significantly predicts the early hip function and should be reconstructed to within normal range during surgery.
How Useful are Mid-Arm and Calf Circumferences to Indicate Reduced Muscle Mass in Order to Recognize GLIM-Defined Malnutrition in Elderly Individuals?
Authors: Hadzivukovic N , Pavlovic J , Zivanovic S , Ivkovic N , Racic M 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Aims:
The aim of this study was to estimate cutoff values of mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) and calf circumference (CC) for reduced muscle mass and analyze their accuracy in identifying malnutrition among individuals of 65 years of age or older in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Materials and Methods:
The study is a secondary analysis dataset assessing nutritional risk and malnutrition among 446 community-dwellers and nursing home residents in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Malnutrition assessment included phenotypic criterions (weight loss, low body mass index, and reduced muscle mass) and etiologic criterions (inadequate food intake, disease-related inflammation, or albumin levels) according to recommendations of the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM). Receiver operating curves were used to calculate MUAC and CC’s cutoff values as compared to the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA).

Results:
The optimal cutoff value for MUAC in men was 24 cm (AUC = 0.910, sensitivity 100%, specificity 77%), and in women 23 cm (AUC = 0.792, sensitivity 64%, specificity 83%). Optimal cutoff value of CC in men was 31 cm (AUC = 0.818, sensitivity 100%, specificity 67%) and in women 29 cm (AUC = 0.882, sensitivity 86%, specificity 74%). Two hundred fifty nine elderly individuals were categorized as malnourished/at risk for malnutrition per MNA. The prevalence of malnutrition based on GLIM criteria ranged from 19% to 30%.

Conclusions:
The study suggested that MUAC and CC may be used as the alternative indicators of muscle mass when other assessment methods are unavailable. Future validation and reliability studies for GLIM using anthropometric parameters as a proxy of reduced muscle mass are needed.
Baseline Factors Affecting the Prognosis of Ischemic Cerebellar Stroke Patients in Turkey: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Altiparmak T , Nazliel B , Caglayan HB , Tokgoz N , Gurses AA , Ucar M 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Cerebellar infarcts are encountered commonly in clinical practice; however, they are likely to be misinterpreted. They cannot be adequately evaluated on scales such as the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), which can have fatal consequences.

Aim:
To evaluate the baseline features, prognosis, and 6-month survival in patients with cerebellar stroke.

Methods:
A total of 200 patients with cerebellar ischemia were included in the study. Patients were analyzed retrospectively from 10 years of data. Both univariate and multivariate analyses were evaluated.

Results:
Mean age was 68 years old, and men were more frequently affected. The most common symptoms were dysarthria and vertiginous sensations. Ischemic lesions were usually cortical/juxtacortical, multiple, hemispheric, and small (below 1.5 cm). The most commonly affected artery was the medial branch of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery. Cardioembolism was the more frequent etiology. Gait ataxia was associated with a more favorable prognosis and 6-month modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores (OR: 0.15, 95% CI, P = 0.03). Older age (OR: 1.75, 95%, P = 0.02), female gender (OR: 6.72, 95%, P = 0.02), multiple (OR: 10.92, 95%, P = 0.01) and large lesions (OR: 6.56, 95% CI, P = 0.01), posterior circulation ischemic lesions extra-cerebellum (OR: 8.33, 95% CI, P = 0.01), left ventricular apical hypokinesia or AF (OR: 5.58, 95% CI, P = 0.02), and a high mRS score on admission (OR: 5.21, 95% CI, P < 0.001) was correlated with higher 6-month mRS and a lower survival rates.

Conclusion:
The study found that some baseline clinical, neurovascular imaging findings, and the mRS score on admission are useful predictors of cerebellar stroke prognosis and outcome.
The Efficiency of Gray-Level Ultrasound Histogram Analysis in Patients with Supraspinatus Tendinopathy
Authors: Nalbant MO , Inci E 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Musculoskeletal ultrasonography is a viable substitute for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that offers advantages in terms of time efficiency and cost-effectiveness. The gray-level histogram is a tool used to depict the distribution of pixel gray levels that provide quantitative data.

Aim:
The objective of our research was to establish a threshold value for ultrasonography-measured supraspinatus tendon gray-level values by comparing patients with tendinopathy to those without.

Materials and Methods:
This study comprised a cohort of 271 individuals, consisting of 124 patients diagnosed with supraspinatus tendinopathy and 147 cases without the aforementioned condition who underwent shoulder MRI and ultrasound examinations. Two radiologists independently conducted the gray-level histogram analyses. The histogram parameters were determined, including the mean, minimum, median, maximum, fifth, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th, and 95th percentiles, as well as skewness, kurtosis, and variance. The interobserver agreement was evaluated using the interclass correlation coefficient.

Results:
The supraspinatus tendinopathy group’s all gray-level values were lower than those of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < .05). The supraspinatus tendinopathy group exhibited greater values of skewness and kurtosis in comparison to the control group (P < .05). The area under the curve of the 95th percentile of the gray-level value was the highest (area under the curve = 0.960; cut-off value = 82.5; sensitivity = 96.7%; specificity = 88.2%).

Conclusion:
The analysis of the histogram of gray-level values has the potential to be a promising method for the monitoring of patients with supraspinatus tendinopathy. This approach could be considered a feasible alternative to MRI.
Benign Orofacial Vascular Anomalies: Review of 47 Cases in Enugu, Nigeria
Authors: Nwoga MC 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
A study of oral vascular anomalies has not been conducted in Nigeria to provide baseline data for comparison with reports in the literature.

Aims:
To study the prevalence and distribution of benign orofacial vascular anomalies at a tertiary hospital in Enugu.

Materials and Methods:
This is a 10-year retrospective observational study of consecutive patients with orofacial vascular anomalies, diagnosed by histology. The clinic-pathologic information was obtained from records archived in the department, and descriptive analysis was used to determine the frequency, tables for categorical variables, and a Chi-square test to determine the statistical significance.

Result:
There were 47 cases of benign vascular anomalies out of 897 orofacial lesions giving a prevalence of 5.2%. There were 35.4% (17) male and 64.6% (31) female patients. The mean age in this series was 37.4 ± 19.8 (range: 1 to 76 years). Pyogenic granuloma was the most common vascular lesion 78.7% (37), followed by hemangioma 14.9% (7) and lymphangioma 6.4% (3). The gingiva was the most frequent site of oral occurrence 65.9% (31), especially maxillary gingivae 48.9% (23). The type of orofacial vascular anomalies was significantly associated with the anatomical site of occurrence, P = 0.00. The mean ages for the occurrence of pyogenic granuloma, hemangioma, and lymphangioma were 37.7 ± 18.3, 50.7 ± 16.9 years, and 3.3 ± 3.2 years, respectively. Pain was a frequent occurrence in 36.2% (17) of anomalies.

Conclusion:
Oral vascular anomalies predominantly presented as pyogenic granuloma on the gingivae, while oral hemangioma was observed in adults, and lymphangioma was infrequent.
The Safe Surgical Margin for the Testis Sparing Surgery in Testicular Cancer
Authors: Akgül M , Arslan Aİ , Yazıcı CM 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Testis sparing surgery (TSS) has an important role in preserving the functional capacity of testicular cancer (TC). Germ cell neoplasia in situ (GCNIS) lesions in the remaining testis have a significant risk for local recurrence.

Aim:
We aimed to evaluate the presence of satellite GCNIS lesions around the primary tumor and to measure the distance of the furthest GCNIS lesion to the primary tumor.

Subject and Methods:
The radical orchiectomy specimens of patients (n = 37) with a tumor size of ≤3 cm were reevaluated by the same pathologist. The satellite GCNIS lesions located around the primary tumor were detected, and the furthest GCNIS lesion distance to the primary tumor was measured under light microscopy.

Results:
The mean tumor size was 1,9 ± 0,6 cm. The mean furthest GCNIS distance to the primary tumor was 5,08 ± 2,77 mm. A total of 19 (51,4%) patients had the furthest GCNIS lesions <5 mm, and 28 (75,6%) patients had the furthest GCNIS lesions <7 mm away from the primary lesion.

Conclusions:
Leaving a 5 mm safety margin during TSS would lead to excise the satellite GCNIS lesions in half of the patients. Increasing the safety margin to 7 mm would lead to excise the satellite GCNIS lesions at 75% of the patients.
Assessment of Imaging Findings of Renal Carcinoma Subtypes with 3.0T MRI
Authors: Nalbant MO , Inci E 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
The prevalence of renal masses has escalated as a result of the augmented utilization of cross-sectional imaging techniques. The approach to managing renal masses may exhibit variability contingent upon the subtype of renal cell carcinoma (RCC).

Aim:
This research aimed to distinguish between clear cell and papillary RCCs, utilizing dynamic contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI).

Materials and Methods:
The study assessed the MR images of 112 patients with RCC. Two radiologists independently analyzed tumor size, vascular involvement, signal characteristics in T1- and T2-weighted sequences, the presence of hemosiderin, both microscopic and macroscopic fat content, enhancement patterns, and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values derived from b-values of 1000 s/mm².

Results:
Seventy patients had clear cell RCC, and 42 had papillary. In the clear cell RCC, microscopic fat content was significantly higher than the papillary RCC (P < 0.001). However, in papillary RCC, hemosiderin content was substantially greater (P = 0.001). On T2-weighted MR images, clear cell RCCs were usually hyperintense, while papillary RCCs were hypointense (P < 0.001). Even though the rapid enhancement pattern was observed in clear cell RCCs, the progressive enhancement pattern was more prevalent in papillary RCCs (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
Hyperintensity on T2-weighted images, microscopic fat content, and rapid enhancement pattern may be indicative of clear cell RCC, whereas hypointensity on T2-weighted images, hemosiderin content, and a progressive contrast pattern may be diagnostic for papillary RCC.
Effect of Auricular Position on Body Temperature Measurement with Tympanic Thermometers: A Quasi Experimental Study
Authors: Orkun N , Eşer İ 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACTBackground:With the COVID-19 pandemic, body temperature measurement has begun to be widely used in the diagnosis of the coronavirus disease. When measuring body temperature, it is important to obtain the core temperature measurement. This study compared the results of body temperature obtained with the tympanic membrane thermometer—which is one of the methods that best reflect the body temperature—with or without positioning the auricle.Aims:The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of auricle position on body temperature measurements made with tympanic membrane thermometer in adult patients.Materials and Methods:A quasi-experimental design that employed a pre-test and a post-test was used in this study. A total of 143 patients who fit the inclusion criteria of the study were included in the sample. For analysis of the data, frequencies, percentages, means and standard deviations were calculated, and the significance of the difference between paired values was tested in order to investigate the effects of auricle position on measurement values. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 22.0 was used in analyzing the data obtained in this study.Results:The difference between the values of measurement taken in these two separate positions was found to be 0.31 0C, and the Bland–Altman plot showed that the differences were distributed systematically around the value 0.31.Conclusions:It was found in the comparison of two positions that there was a significant difference between the tympanic thermometer measurements made by positioning the auricle and those without positioning.
Randomized Trial of Two Exercise Programs to Increase Physical Activity and Health-Related Quality of Life for Persons With Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Butzer John F. , Kozlowski Allan J , Hern Rachel , Gooch Cally 
Published: December 2023

Objectives
To compare the effectiveness of two different interventions that promote physical activity in individuals with traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) and determine the effect of relapse prevention.

Methods
A sequential, multiple assignment, randomized trial was conducted at a universally designed community-based exercise facility. Participants were individuals with traumatic SCI, &gt;3 months post injury, levels C5 to T12, age ≥18 years (N = 79). After randomization, Bridge Program participants completed an 8-week personalized, less intense, exercise program informed by American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) guidelines and supported with hands-on peer mentoring, exercise of choice, and caregiver training. Structured Exercise participants completed an 8-week program in a group format based on ACSM guidelines. After intervention, participants were randomized to receive or not receive relapse prevention for 6 months. The time and intensity of physical activity and psychological change in depression, anxiety, self-efficacy, and function were assessed with self-reported measures.

Results
Compared to baseline, physical activity increased post intervention for both the Bridge and Structured Exercise programs. Compared to baseline, participants in the Bridge Program recorded fewer anxiety symptoms. No significant changes were noted for either program in depressive symptoms, self-efficacy, or function. There was no difference in relapse prevention between the two groups at 6 months.

Conclusions
The Bridge Program, a novel personalized exercise program with peer support, exercise of choice, and caregiver training, and a structured exercise program both improved self-reported physical activity, but the Bridge Program also reduced anxiety symptoms. This study provides important insight into the limitations of commonly used measures of physical activity and psychosocial domains in people with SCI.