bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Scholarly and Pedagogical Benefits of the Legal Laboratory: Lessons from the Consortium for the Advanced Study of Brain Injury at Yale Law School
Authors: Shapiro Zachary E. , Deb Chaarushena , Lawrence Caroline , Golden Allison Rabkin , Wright Megan S. , Kraschel Katherine L. , Fins Joseph J. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn our article, we share the lessons we have learned after creating and running a successful legal laboratory over the past seven years at Yale Law School. Our legal laboratory, which focuses on the intersection of law and severe brain injury, represents a unique pedagogical model for legal academia, and is closely influenced by the biomedical laboratory.
What Would Justice Blackmun Say? A Response to Dobbs
Authors: Rao Radhika 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDobbs appears more extreme when juxtaposed against Roe’s hidden history. Justice Blackmun was the author of Roe, but the opinion was the product of a remarkable collaboration that incorporated the suggestions of many Justices. Thus, Roe’s medical framing embodied the vision of the Court as a whole, not one individual.
A Silurian (Homerian) pelmatozoan echinoderm fauna from west-central Ohio, USA
Authors: Ausich William I. , Ciampaglio Chuck , Fabian Alexander J. , Myers Jeremy R. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractA diverse echinoderm fauna lived in reef and non-reef Silurian facies of the upper Midwestern USA. However, these faunas are dominantly preserved in dolostones with moldic preservation, and fossils from dolostone facies have not been documented to the extent of Silurian crinoids in nondolostone strata. Herein, an echinoderm fauna is described from the dolostones of the Cedarville Member of the Laurel Limestone (Wenlock, Homerian) from the Pepcon Cement Quarry in west-central Ohio. The described fauna contains blastoids, hemicosmitoids, and crinoids, including Troosticrinus subcylindricus (Hall and Whitfield, 1875); Caryocrinites sp. indet.; an unidentifiable diplobathrid camerate; Periechocrinus tennesseensis (Hall and Whitfield, 1875); Periechocrinus egani? (Miller, 1881); Stiptocrinus farringtoni (Slocom, 1908); Calliocrinus primibrachialis Busch, 1943; Calliocrinus poepplemani new species; Calliocrinus hadros new species; and Lecanocrinus sp. indet. Generic concepts for the Eucalyptocrinitidae are clarified; and, surprisingly, Eucalyptocrinites Goldfuss, 1831 is absent from this fauna. Additionally, lectotypes and paralectotypes are designated for Periechocrinus tennesseensis and Calliocrinus primibrachialis.UUID: http://zoobank.org/a8c8e7e3-9bc3-4078-83bd-5572816366e5
Cazadores-recolectores-pescadores del Holoceno medio-tardío en el norte semiárido de Chile: Revisitando Punta Teatinos (29°S)
Authors: Troncoso Andrés , Pascual Daniel , Escudero Antonia , Hernández Daniel , Pino Mariela , González Rolando , Alfonso-Durruty Marta , López Patricio , Bravo Gabriela , Misarti Nicole , Chávez María Alejandra , Belmar Carolina , Moya Francisca , Méndez César , Vera Francisca , Villalón Daniela , Becker Cristian 
Published: December 2023

ResumenLa costa del Pacífico de los Andes meridionales tiene una larga historia ocupacional que muestra una diversificación regional hacia el Holoceno medio y tardío. La costa del centro norte de Chile tuvo una importante ocupación cazadora-recolectora entre 6000 y 2000 cal aP, que difiere de las observadas en áreas vecinas por sus características ambientales e históricas. Los estudios de contextos funerarios revelan que estos grupos experimentaron una expansión demográfica y vivieron conflictos sociales durante este período. Sin embargo, el énfasis en la importancia de los contextos funerarios entre 6000 y 2000 cal aP ha limitado nuestro conocimiento de las estrategias medioambientales de estos grupos y el uso de los recursos costeros. Esta investigación examina evidencias recuperadas de contextos residenciales y funerarios del sitio Punta Teatinos (Bahía de Coquimbo, costa centro norte de Chile, 29°S) para evaluar las estrategias de uso ambiental aplicadas. El estudio de estas evidencias —incluyendo estratigrafía, fechados radiocarbónicos, material lítico, malacológico y zooarqueológico; microfósiles, cálculos dentales, isótopos estables y arte rupestre— indican una explotación de recursos costeros, a los que se sumaron otros de origen terrestre. Aunque no se identificaron cambios temporales en la explotación de los recursos costeros, las pruebas también indican cambios en la constitución de los paisajes históricos y de las redes sociales extrarregionales.
COEFFICIENT QUIVERS,
${\mathbb {F}}_1$
-REPRESENTATIONS, AND EULER CHARACTERISTICS OF QUIVER GRASSMANNIANS
Authors: JUN JAIUNG , SISTKO ALEXANDER 
Published: December 2023

AbstractA quiver representation assigns a vector space to each vertex, and a linear map to each arrow of a quiver. When one considers the category
$\mathrm {Vect}(\mathbb {F}_1)$
of vector spaces “over
$\mathbb {F}_1$
” (the field with one element), one obtains
$\mathbb {F}_1$
-representations of a quiver. In this paper, we study representations of a quiver over the field with one element in connection to coefficient quivers. To be precise, we prove that the category
$\mathrm {Rep}(Q,\mathbb {F}_1)$
is equivalent to the (suitably defined) category of coefficient quivers over Q. This provides a conceptual way to see Euler characteristics of a class of quiver Grassmannians as the number of “
$\mathbb {F}_1$
-rational points” of quiver Grassmannians. We generalize techniques originally developed for string and band modules to compute the Euler characteristics of quiver Grassmannians associated with
$\mathbb {F}_1$
-representations. These techniques apply to a large class of
$\mathbb {F}_1$
-representations, which we call the
$\mathbb {F}_1$
-representations with finite nice length: we prove sufficient conditions for an
$\mathbb {F}_1$
-representation to have finite nice length, and classify such representations for certain families of quivers. Finally, we explore the Hall algebras associated with
$\mathbb {F}_1$
-representations of quivers. We answer the question of how a change in orientation affects the Hall algebra of nilpotent
$\mathbb {F}_1$
-representations of a quiver with bounded representation type. We also discuss Hall algebras associated with representations with finite nice length, and compute them for certain families of quivers.
A Partisan Solution to Partisan Gerrymandering: The Define–Combine Procedure
Authors: Palmer Maxwell , Schneer Benjamin , DeLuca Kevin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractRedistricting reformers have proposed many solutions to the problem of partisan gerrymandering, but they all require either bipartisan consensus or the agreement of both parties on the legitimacy of a neutral third party to resolve disputes. In this paper, we propose a new method for drawing district maps, the Define–Combine Procedure, that substantially reduces partisan gerrymandering without requiring a neutral third party or bipartisan agreement. One party defines a map of
$2N$
equal-population contiguous districts. Then the second party combines pairs of contiguous districts to create the final map of N districts. Using real-world geographic and electoral data, we employ simulations and map-drawing algorithms to show that this procedure dramatically reduces the advantage conferred to the party controlling the redistricting process and leads to less-biased maps without requiring cooperation or non-partisan actors.
Refinancing Inequality During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Agarwal Sumit , Chomsisengphet Souphala , Kiefer Hua , Kiefer Leonard C. , Medina Paolina C. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDuring the first half of 2020, the difference in savings from mortgage refinancing between high- and low-income borrowers was 10 times higher than before. This was the result of two factors: high-income borrowers increased their refinancing activity more than otherwise comparable low-income borrowers and, conditional on refinancing, they captured slightly larger improvements in interest rates. Refinancing inequality increases with the severity of the COVID-19 pandemic and is characterized by an underrepresentation of low-income borrowers in the pool of applications. We estimate a difference of $5 billion in savings between the top income quintile and the rest of the market.
Advances in the axenic isolation methods of Blastocystis sp. and their applications
Authors: Mei Xuefang , Wei Lai , Su Changwei , Yang Zhenke , Tian Xiaowei , Zhang Zhenchao , Wang Shuai 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Blastocystis sp. is a prevalent protistan parasite found globally in the gastrointestinal tract of humans and various animals. This review aims to elucidate the advancements in research on axenic isolation techniques for Blastocystis sp. and their diverse applications. Axenic isolation, involving the culture and isolation of Blastocystis sp. free from any other organisms, necessitates the application of specific media and a series of axenic treatment methods. These methods encompass antibiotic treatment, monoclonal culture, differential centrifugation, density gradient separation, micromanipulation and the combined use of culture media. Critical factors influencing axenic isolation effectiveness include medium composition, culture temperature, medium characteristics, antibiotic type and dosage and the subtype (ST) of Blastocystis sp. Applications of axenic isolation encompass exploring pathogenicity, karyotype and ST analysis, immunoassay, characterization of surface chemical structure and lipid composition and understanding drug treatment effects. This review serves as a valuable reference for clinicians and scientists in selecting appropriate axenic isolation methods.
FINITELY PRESENTED INVERSE SEMIGROUPS WITH FINITELY MANY IDEMPOTENTS IN EACH -CLASS AND NON-HAUSDORFF UNIVERSAL GROUPOIDS
Authors: SILVA PEDRO V. , STEINBERG BENJAMIN 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe complex algebra of an inverse semigroup with finitely many idempotents in each
$\mathcal D$
-class is stably finite by a result of Munn. This can be proved fairly easily using
$C^{*}$
-algebras for inverse semigroups satisfying this condition that have a Hausdorff universal groupoid, or more generally for direct limits of inverse semigroups satisfying this condition and having Hausdorff universal groupoids. It is not difficult to see that a finitely presented inverse semigroup with a non-Hausdorff universal groupoid cannot be a direct limit of inverse semigroups with Hausdorff universal groupoids. We construct here countably many nonisomorphic finitely presented inverse semigroups with finitely many idempotents in each
$\mathcal D$
-class and non-Hausdorff universal groupoids. At this time, there is not a clear
$C^{*}$
-algebraic technique to prove these inverse semigroups have stably finite complex algebras.
Morphometric diversity of some Nigerian accessions of Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea)
Authors: Osundare Opeyemi Tunde , Akinyele Oluwole Benjamin , Odiyi Alexander C. , Abberton Michael , Oyatomi Olaniyi Ajewole , Paliwal Rajneesh 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis study evaluated the morphological diversity of some Nigerian accessions of Bambara groundnut. Field experiments were conducted in Nigeria in two locations and the phenotypic variation of Bambara groundnut accessions evaluated in 3 years (2017–2020) using a randomized complete block design. Twenty-eight quantitative and 10 qualitative traits were observed. Twenty-three out of the 28 quantitative morphological traits showed significant differences. TVSu-589 (28.85) and TVSu-670 (28.57) had the highest plant height; TVSu-572 (121.52), TVSu-271 (113.10) and TVSu-336 (104.15) had the highest 100-seed weight. Genetic variations were also observed in seed colour, terminal leaflet shape, petiole colour and eye pattern. Principal component analysis showed PC1 constituting 23.36% and PC2 constituting 15.76% of the total variation, while the first eight principal components with eigenvalues ≥1 revealed 77.28% of the total variation. Cluster analysis grouped the accessions into four groups. Based on yield data in this study, accessions TVSu-594, TVSu-350, TVSu-336, TVSu-1242, TVSu-129, TVSu-14, TVSu-179, TVSu-2100, TVSu-261 and TVSu-589 were the best for yield and are recommended for further evaluation to improve yield. This study showed that a wide range of diversity exists in Bambara groundnut of Nigerian origin that could be useful for further utilization of genetic resources and improvement.
Quantitative Inquiry in the Early Sociology of W. E. B. Du Bois
Authors: Conwell Jordan A. , Loughran Kevin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractA New Du Boisian Sociology has recently clarified, elevated, and synthesized Du Bois’s sociological contributions. We argue that more systematic and detailed study of Du Bois’s research methodologies, with an eye towards their contemporary applicability, can further strengthen this body of scholarship. Here we begin this effort with sustained attention to Du Bois’s use of quantitative data and methods during a productive and illustrative period around the turn of the twentieth century (1898–1902). This adds a level of depth and specificity to a subset of existing Du Bois scholarship that has more generally noted quantitative inquiry as one aspect of Du Bois’s social-scientific approach of mixed-methods triangulation. We detail how and why Du Bois developed an inductive, theoretically generative approach to his research on race. This orientation appears, at first glance, to be a misfit for contemporary quantitative sociology, which is currently skewed towards deductive theory testing and causal inference. We demonstrate that Du Bois’s quantitative methodology invites sociologists to return to exploratory, descriptive, and theoretically generative quantitative research based on creative syntheses of primary and secondary data that span generations and levels of institutional and geographic aggregation. Such data can, among other possibilities, assess within- and between-race comparisons and intersections of race with factors including class, gender, age, place, and time. Our study also enters Du Bois, as historical precedent, into current debates regarding quantification’s productive role, if any, in social science research on race/racism and other axes of systemic inequality.
Addressing environmental damages in contexts of armed conflict through transitional justice in Colombia
Authors: Camacho Rincón Andrea , Parra Gallego Germán 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIt is unquestionable that Colombian armed conflicts have had adverse impacts on the natural environment in the country. Current transitional justice mechanisms offer an opportunity to recognize harm and responsibility, establish restorative sanctions and reparations and adopt public policies for the recovery of ecosystems and prevention of further damage. This article focuses on how transitional justice mechanisms, especially the Special Jurisdiction for Peace, have addressed the effects of armed conflicts on the natural environment. Specifically, it analyzes the criminal characterization of environmental degradation, the question of whether amnesties and pardons could be granted for such conducts, precautionary measures and the implementation of restorative sanctions related to the environment. It presents some challenges regarding the preservation of the natural environment due to the persistence of armed conflicts after the 2016 Peace Accord between the government and the FARC-EP guerrillas, and the sustainability of reparations for victims and prevention of further damage. It also sustains that the developments of current transitional justice mechanisms may have significant influence on ongoing and future peace negotiations with other armed groups and the processes for establishing responsibility for environmental damages.
Dead or alive? Global constitutionalism and international law after the start of the war in Ukraine
Authors: Suami Takao 
Published: December 2023

AbstractRussia’s continued aggression against Ukraine has sent shock waves around the world. Russia has violated the most fundamental rule of international law and most people intuitively feel that the war in Ukraine has changed the entire landscape of international society. Given what is clearly a turning point, it is difficult to assume that global constitutionalism founded on ‘human rights, the rule of law and democracy’, called ‘the constitutional trinity’, will not undergo any changes. Can global constitutionalism survive such a difficult moment? This is a fundamental question that global constitutionalists must address. This article answers this question in the affirmative. First, despite its gross violations of international law, Russia is not necessarily attempting to withdraw from the current framework of international law. The existing individual-centred elements in international law, which are the central pillar of global constitutionalism, will not be replaced by any alternatives. Second, even if the existing framework of international law remains viable, there is an undeniable risk that the polarization of international law accelerated by the ongoing war will negatively affect global constitutionalism. Such polarization may hollow out the constitutional trinity in international law. However, global constitutionalism will continue to function as the principal cognitive framework for international society because the exercise of individuals’ rights embedded in international law will incessantly provide energy for global constitutionalism. This article concludes that insofar as international law keeps its individual elements, global constitutionalism will be able to retain its normative power under the present predicament in the world.
Strengthening self-regulation and reducing poverty to prevent adolescent depression and anxiety: Rationale, approach and methods of the ALIVE interdisciplinary research collaboration in Colombia, Nepal and South Africa
Authors: Lund Crick , Jordans Mark J. D. , Garman Emily , Araya Ricardo , Avendano Mauricio , Bauer Annette , Bahure Vikram , Dua Tarun , Eleftheriou Georgia , Evans-Lacko Sara , García Rodríguez Juan Felipe , Gautam Kamal , Gevonden Martin , Hessel Philipp , Kohrt Brandon A. , Krabbendam Lydia , Luitel Nagendra P. , Roy Sanchari , Seifert Bonifaz Manuel , Singh Rakesh , Sinichi Mohammadamin , Sorsdahl Katherine , Thornicroft Graham , Tol Wietse A. , Trujillo Daniela , van der Merwe Nicci , Wahid Syed Shabab , Yarrow Paula 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Aims
Depression and anxiety are the leading contributors to the global burden of disease among young people, accounting for over a third (34.8%) of years lived with disability. Yet there is limited evidence for interventions that prevent adolescent depression and anxiety in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where 90% of adolescents live. This article introduces the ‘Improving Adolescent mentaL health by reducing the Impact of poVErty (ALIVE)’ study, its conceptual framework, objectives, methods and expected outcomes. The aim of the ALIVE study is to develop and pilot-test an intervention that combines poverty reduction with strengthening self-regulation to prevent depression and anxiety among adolescents living in urban poverty in Colombia, Nepal and South Africa.

Methods
This aim will be achieved by addressing four objectives: (1) develop a conceptual framework that identifies the causal mechanisms linking poverty, self-regulation and depression and anxiety; (2) develop a multi-component selective prevention intervention targeting self-regulation and poverty among adolescents at high risk of developing depression or anxiety; (3) adapt and validate instruments to measure incidence of depression and anxiety, mediators and implementation parameters of the prevention intervention; and (4) undertake a four-arm pilot cluster randomised controlled trial to assess the feasibility, acceptability and cost of the selective prevention intervention in the three study sites.

Results
The contributions of this study include the active engagement and participation of adolescents in the research process; a focus on the causal mechanisms of the intervention; building an evidence base for prevention interventions in LMICs; and the use of an interdisciplinary approach.

Conclusions
By developing and evaluating an intervention that addresses multidimensional poverty and self-regulation, ALIVE can make contributions to evidence on the integration of mental health into broader development policy and practice.
Mental health–related structural stigma and discrimination in health and social policies in Nepal: A scoping review and synthesis
Authors: Gurung D. , Neupane M. , Bhattarai K. , Acharya B. , Gautam N. C. , Gautam K. , Koirala S. , Marahatta K. , Gurung P. , Khadka K. B. , Kohrt B. A. , Thornicroft G. , Gronholm P. C. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAimsNational policies can be used to reveal structural stigma and discrimination in relation to mental health. This review assesses how structural stigma and discrimination are manifested in the policies and legislations of Government of Nepal.MethodsScoping review methodology was followed to review policy documents (acts of parliament, legislation, policies, strategies, guidelines and official directives) drafted or amended after 2010.ResultsEighty-nine policies were identified related to health, social welfare, development and regulations which were relevant to people with psychosocial and mental disabilities or have addressed the mental health agendas. Several critical policy failings and gaps are revealed, such as the use of stigmatizing language (e.g., ‘insane’ or ‘lunatic’), inconsistencies within and between policies, deviation from international protocols defining legal capacity and consent, lack of inclusion of the mental health agenda in larger development policies and lack of cost-effective interventions and identification of financing mechanisms. Provisions for people living with mental health conditions included adequate standard of living; attaining standard mental health; the right to exercise legal capacity, liberty and security; freedom from torture or discrimination; and right to live independently. However, other policies contradicted these rights, such as prohibiting marriage, candidacy for and retention of positions of authority and vulnerability to imprisonment.ConclusionMental health–related structural stigma and discrimination in Nepal can be identified through the use of discriminator language and provisions in the policies. The structural stigma and discrimination may be addressed through revision of the discriminating policies, integrating the mental health agenda into larger national and provincial policies, and streamlining policies to comply with national and international protocols.
An Examination of the Role of Inverted Dark Tetrad Items on	Structural Properties and Construct Validity
Authors: Blötner Christian , Grüning David J. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract: The use of inverted items is under vigorous debate in psychometric research. However, especially in the field of the Dark Tetrad – a compound of the aversive yet subclinical traits Machiavellianism, narcissism, psychopathy, and sadism –, the use of items in which high endorsement indicates low levels appears promising to obtain more information about low scores on the four traits. In this preregistered research ( N = 500), we developed an alternative version of the Short Dark Tetrad (SD4) which – unlike the original SD4 – has a balanced set of regular and inverted items. Following the theory of utilizing inverted items, we demonstrate that more information (in the sense of item response theory) can be obtained from the newly devised Mixed SD4 (MSD4) as compared to the original SD4. Thereby, the scores of the MSD4 can be validly interpreted in the sense of the underlying traits’ theories (i.e., construct validity), and the SD4 and the MSD4 yield highly similar nomological networks. We conclude that including inverted items is advantageous for the assessment of the Dark Tetrad. More generally, we present this case as a demonstration that balanced item sets are necessary to capture traits and behaviors exhaustively.