bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Improved Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) Practices on Rotavirus Infection Rates in Urban Slums of Nairobi, Kenya
Authors: Andrew Hassen  , Sheyla Jackson  
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Rotavirus is a leading cause of severe diarrhea in children under five years old, particularly in low-income settings with inadequate water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) infrastructure. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of an integrated WASH intervention program on rotavirus infection rates among children residing in the urban slums of Nairobi, Kenya.
Methods: A cluster-randomized controlled trial was conducted in two informal settlements in Nairobi. Households in the intervention arm received a comprehensive WASH intervention package, including household water treatment, improved sanitation facilities, handwashing promotion, and health education. The control arm received routine health services. Stool samples were collected from children under five at baseline and after 12 months of intervention implementation, and tested for rotavirus using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
Results: A total of 855 children (428 in the intervention arm and 427 in the control arm) were enrolled in the study. At baseline, the prevalence of rotavirus infection was 18.2% in the intervention arm and 19.4% in the control arm. After 12 months, the prevalence significantly decreased to 8.9% in the intervention arm, while remaining relatively stable at 17.1% in the control arm. Multivariable analysis revealed that the WASH intervention was independently associated with a reduced risk of rotavirus infection (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.47, 95% CI 0.31-0.72).
Conclusion: This study provides evidence that a comprehensive WASH intervention program can significantly reduce rotavirus infection rates among children in urban slums. These findings underscore the importance of integrating WASH interventions into public health strategies for diarrheal disease prevention in resource-limited settings.
El pasado y presente en conflicto: El profesorado y el desafío de enseñar la historia reciente chilena
Authors: Aceituno Silva David , Collao Donoso Damaris 
Published: November 2023

The protests of 2019 in Chile and their consequences are clarifying the need to take a fresh look at the recent past. History teachers are the first to face this challenge. In this research we propose to know how they teach controversial topics about our Recent History, especially the Dictatorship and the Transition. We used an interpretative paradigm and a descriptive qualitative methodology. We analyzed the semi-structured interviews of 24 key informants, corresponding to teachers from four Chilean macro-regions, in addition to studying their teaching materials and official curricular documents. The results show that there is little training in specific didactics on this subject, despite the fact that resources have increased and individual and institutional limitations persist, to address conflictive issues in the classroom. With the recent curricular changes, it is expected that these difficulties will improve, however, controversial issues are still little addressed in training and in the classroom.
Las movilizaciones del año 2019 en Chile y sus consecuencias, son clarificadoras sobre la necesidad de volver a mirar el pasado reciente. Las profesoras y profesores de Historia son los primeros en enfrentarse a este desafío. En esta investigación nos proponemos conocer cómo enseñan los temas controversiales sobre la historia reciente, en especial la Dictadura y la Transición. Utilizamos un paradigma interpretativo y una metodología cualitativa de tipo descriptiva. Se analizaron las entrevistas semiestructuradas de 24 informantes claves, correspondientes a docentes de cuatro macrorregiones chilenas, además de estudiar sus materiales de enseñanzas y los documentos curriculares oficiales. Los resultados evidencian que, sobre esta temática, existe una escasa formación en una didáctica específica, pese a que han aumentado los recursos y perviven las limitaciones individuales e institucionales para abordar temas conflictivos en el aula. Con los recientes cambios curriculares se espera que estas dificultades mejoren, sin embargo los temas controversiales, siguen siendo poco abordados en la formación y el aula.
La Disidencia Sexual en la educación histórica y ciudadana. Enfoques curriculares y perspectivas de tres docentes de ciencias sociales en Chile
Authors: Meneses Varas Belén , Benavides Pizarro Catalina , Araya Bustamante Jorge 
Published: November 2023

This research analyzes the possibilities of including Sexual Dissidence in historical and civic education. It is interesting to avoid perpetuating a patriarchal and cis-heteronormated discourse, because it has a negative impact on the recognition of the various sociohistorical protagonists by the students. To do this, curricular documents and interviews with three history and social sciences teachers in Chile are analyzed. On the one hand, there is a scarce presence of Sexual Dissidence in official documents, linked to the notion of sexual diversity and understood as one more component of a diverse society, but without giving them greater relevance. On the other hand, three profiles are adopted according to the perspectives of the teaching staff: Moderate-heteronormative, Allied-moderate and Transgressive-inclusive. Different possibilities of inclusion of Sexual Dissidence are mentioned that vary from considering them as an anecdotal contribution for citizen education, a link with all historical content, to valuing them as essential subjects to work on social justice.
Esta investigación analiza las posibilidades de inclusión de la Disidencia Sexual en la educación histórica y ciudadana. Interesa evitar perpetuar un discurso patriarcal y cis-heteronormado, porque impacta negativamente en el reconocimiento de los diversos protagonistas sociohistóricos por parte del alumnado. Para ello, se analizan documentos curriculares y entrevistas realizadas a tres docentes de historia y ciencias sociales en Chile. Por un lado, se constata una escasa presencia de la Disidencia Sexual en los documentos oficiales, pues es considerada de forma implícita como parte de la noción de diversidad sexual, sin otorgarles mayor relevancia. Por otro lado, se reconocen tres perfiles según las perspectivas del profesorado: Moderado-heteronormado, Aliada-moderada y Transgresora-inclusiva. Se mencionan distintas posibilidades de inclusión de la Disidencia Sexual: su consideración como un aporte anecdótico para la formación ciudadana; la necesidad de vincularla a todo contenido histórico; y su valoración como un concepto indispensable para trabajar la justicia social.
La cadena operativa de los talleres funerarios en el Egipto romano. Preparando la decoración de los sudarios
Authors: Ortiz García Jónatan 
Published: November 2023

The operational chain of funerary workshops in Roman Egypt, as far as the production of Osirian burial assemblages is concerned, has been an elusive subject for researchers due to the general scarcity of the textual sources on the subject. However, the meticulous study of the materials manufactured in these places (which have survived) is providing new data that allow us to gain access to the daily life of the artisans/artists dedicated to making coffins or shrouds for the deceased. The present work analyses the painted shrouds that came from these workshops, reconstructing their work in terms of the preparation of the fabrics as a step prior to their decoration. The initial phase of the operational chain is better understood, opening up new perspectives of research into the economic and technical history of Roman Egypt.
La cadena operativa de los talleres funerarios del Egipto romano en lo que a producción de ajuares osirianos se refiere ha resultado un tema esquivo para los investigadores debido a la parquedad general de las fuentes textuales al respecto. No obstante, el estudio minucioso de los propios materiales que fueron manufacturados en dichos lugares (que han sobrevivido) aportan nuevos datos que nos permiten acceder al día a día de los artesanos/artistas dedicados a elaborar ataúdes o sudarios para los difuntos. En el presente trabajo se analizan los sudarios pintados que surgieron de dichos talleres, reconstruyendo el trabajo de estos en cuanto a la preparación de las telas como paso previo a su decoración. Se logra conocer mejor la fase inicial de la cadena operativa y se abren nuevas perspectivas de estudio al respecto de la historia económica y técnica del Egipto romano.
A theoretical examination of cash-back credit cards and their effect on consumer spending
Authors: MacDonald Noah , Evans Brent 
Published: November 2023

The role of cash-back credit cards in personal financial strategies is highly debated. For example, Dave Ramsey (Ramsey, 2019) urges consumers to avoid even the most lucrative cash-back cards, while others argue that these cards offer significant savings. Herein, we construct models to analyze the use of cash-back cards by rational consumers, demonstrating that cash-back cards increase spending (and, thus, reduce savings) for some consumers. While prior research focuses on behavioral issues related to credit cards, our research is the first to show that some consumers will rationally increase spending when using a cash-back credit card in lieu of cash.
Knowledge Management as a Strategy for Sustainable Competitive Advantage: Study of FMCG Industry in Pakistan
Authors: Alam Sadaf , Shah Syed Haider Ali 
Published: November 2023

The research intended to study the effect of knowledge management on attaining sustainable competitive advantage in FMCG sector of Pakistan. The study is an explanatory study and followed quantitative design. A closed-ended questionnaire was used as research instrument using 5-points Likert scale. Knowledge management was measured by means of the Knowledge Management Assessment Instrument (KMAI) built on the theoretical model of the Competing Value Framework (CVF) and Sustainable competitive advantage (SCA) was measured using VIRO framework. Sample of 380 respondents were taken for this study using purposive sampling. Analysis was carried out in AMOS. From this study of knowledge management towards sustainable competitive advantage all outcomes show that knowledge management with its five steps process; knowledge creation, knowledge Organization, Knowledge Storing, Knowledge Dissemination and Knowledge application has significant effect on attaining sustainable competitive advantage in FMCG sector of Pakistan. In this regard results of CFA and SEM were also found supportive. Organizations should allocate resources towards knowledge management as it is a key to enhance the performance of organization in the form of sustainable competitive advantage. Organizations’ systems must be planned in a way that inspires employees for efficient utilization of other resources, which means constant improvement of their knowledge and capabilities.
Factores de Riesgo para Sepsis Neonatal Tardía en Recién Nacidos con Menos de 1500 gramos de Peso al Nacer
Authors: Vergara Franco Roxana , Sánchez Reyna Víctor , Cabanillas Lozada Patricia 
Published: November 2023

Objetivo: Determinar si la estancia hospitalaria prolongada, la intubación endotraqueal, el uso de ventilación mecánica, presión de aire positiva continua (CPAP), nutrición parenteral total, catéter umbilical, catéter venoso periférico y sonda orogástrica son factores de riesgo para sepsis neonatal tardía en recién nacidos con menos de 1500g de peso al nacer.
Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, analítico y retrospectivo, en recién nacidos con menos de 1500 gramos de peso al nacer del servicio de neonatología del Hospital Belén de Trujillo durante los años 2000-2012.
Resultados: el promedio de edad gestacional y peso al nacer en el grupo de los casos fue de 30,9 semanas y de 1232g respectivamente; y en el grupo de controles fue de 31,4 semanas y de 1298g. La intubación endotraqueal, el uso de ventilación mecánica, CPAP, nutrición parenteral total, catéter umbilical y sonda orogástrica fueron asociados independientemente con el incremento de sepsis neonatal tardía con OR=7,0; OR=17,25; OR=7,36; OR=2,68; OR=3,43 y OR=10,18 respectivamente.
Conclusión: La intubación endotraqueal, el uso de ventilación mecánica, CPAP, nutrición parenteral total, catéter umbilical y sonda orogástrica son factores de riesgo asociados a sepsis neonatal tardía en recién nacidos con menos de 1500g de peso al nacer.
Calidad de las Clases de la Maestría en Docencia e Investigación en Salud, desde la Percepción del Estudiante Post Aplicación de Conocimientos Neurocientíficos
Authors: Reátegui Guzmán Luis Américo , Izaguirre Sotomayor Manuel Hernán 
Published: November 2023

Introducción: Las investigaciones sobre el rol del cerebro en el proceso educativo realizadas en las últimas décadas han aportado las bases neuronales del aprendizaje y otras funciones cerebrales que son estimuladas en el aula.
Objetivo: Evaluar la calidad del servicio educativo en la Unidad de Post Grado Sección Maestría, UNMSM desde la perspectiva del estudiante post aplicación de conocimientos neurocientíficos.
Materiales y métodos: El estudio fue transversal, descriptivo, de diseño cuantitativo. La muestra estuvo integrada por estudiantes de la Maestría de Docencia e Investigación en Salud de la Facultad de Medicina Unidad de Post Grado Sección Maestría, UNMSM. El instrumento utilizado fue el ServPerf modificado. Las dimensiones consideradas fueron clases, profesores, instalaciones, vida social, personal administrativo, información, comunicación con la universidad, situación financiera y entorno institucional, estimándose la satisfacción global y la satisfacción media. La técnica utilizada fue la encuesta cara a cara aplicada después de recibir el servicio. Los datos se procesaron en el software SPSS versión 15 y se determinaron proporciones y medias de satisfacción.
Resultados: La satisfacción global para todas las dimensiones fue de satisfacción siendo el nivel de insatisfacción mínima. La satisfacción media para todas las dimensiones fue de satisfacción a excepción de la dimensión entorno del aprendizaje que fue de insatisfacción. El atributo el profesor genera diálogos abiertos para la búsqueda de conocimiento a través de las intervenciones dándole al aprendizaje el rol protagónico fue la de mayor prioridad.
Conclusiones: La utilización de los conocimientos neurocientíficos aplicados por los docentes en el aula mejora la percepción de la calidad del servicio educativo. La dimensión que alcanzó más alta satisfacción media fue información recibida e integrada seguido por percepción del docente. El profesor genera diálogos abiertos para la búsqueda de conocimiento a través de las
Parálisis Cerebral y Maloclusión Dentaria en Niños y Adolescentes
Authors: Álvarez Paucar María Angélica 
Published: November 2023

La discapacidad se clasifica en: motora, sensorial, mental y asociativa, siendo la más representativa dentro del primer grupo, la parálisis cerebral (PC), ocasionando un problema de salud pública. Estos pacientes, evidencian alteración en la masticación, respiración, deglución y fonación, que influencian en el sistema estomatognático.
Objetivo: Identificar el tipo de maloclusióndentaria en niños y adolescentes con PC procedentes de los centros especializados de referencia nacional.
Materiales y métodos: La investigación es de tipo descriptiva y transversal. Se hizo en 171 niños y adolescentes con PC, de 6-19 años, procedentes del Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación - “Adriana Rebaza Flores” y Hogar Clínica San Juan de Dios, durante el año 2012. Se cumplió con los criterios de inclusión, siendo requisito indispensable, la presencia de la llave molar (primeras molares permanentes en oclusión). Se confeccionó una ficha de evaluación clínica para el registro de la oclusión y el tipo de Maloclusión de Angle o Relación Molar. Se cumplieron las normas éticas establecidas. Se utilizó el Chi Cuadrado y medidas de tendencia central del paquete estadístico SPSS19.
Resultados: La edad, estuvo asociada con la Relación Molar (RM): el grupo de 6,0- 11,9 años, evidenciómayoritariamente RM Clase I y el grupo de12-19 años, RM Clase III; asimismo, la edad estuvo asociada con el overbite(OB), el grupo de 6,0-11,9 años, observóprincipalmente casos no registrables (NR) donde evidenciaron cambio de dentición, con el 33,3%, mientras que, el grupo de12-19 años, registró OB normal con el 40,0%.
Conclusiones: Existe maloclusión dentaria (Clase II, Clase III) en el 74,3%, mientras que el 25,7% observó la categoría sin maloclusión dentaria (Clase I Bilateral). El grupo de 6,0-11,9 años registró RM Clase I y el grupo de 12-19 años obtuvo principalmente RM Clase III.
Study on Micro-Climate and its Effect on Growth and Yield of Mustard Crop under Prayagraj Conditions
Authors: Kumar Prashant , Ranjan Ashish , Jha Arti 
Published: November 2023

A field experiment was conducted during Rabi season of 2022-2023 on the topic entitled “Study On Micro-Climate And Its Effect On Growth And Yield Of Mustard Crop Under Prayagraj Conditions” at field of collage of forestry in Prayagraj district of utter Pradesh. Keeping in this view experiment was conducted in Factorial RBD with three replications having two factors. The first factor comprised of three DOS (170ct. 3Nov. and 17 Nov.) whereas the second factor consisted of Four Indian mustard Cultivar viz: Jhalak, Kala Sona, Sriram, and Ratna Results showed that both dates and varieties 17 oct and Ratna were superior as compared to rest of treatment max. yield observed. However, the highest growth attributes Like plant height, number of leaves, no of branches yield, and yield attributes like No. of silique (cm) per plant, test weight, seed yield (q/ha) grain yield, dry matter, and length of siliqua was recorded under 17 Oct. growing crop Ratna variety, the Lowest yield and growth recorded under date 17 Nov. growing crop Jhalak followed by 3 Nov. growing Crop Jhalak.
Leveraging Large Language Models for Decision Support in Personalized Oncology
Authors: Benary Manuela , Wang Xing David , Schmidt Max , Soll Dominik , Hilfenhaus Georg , Nassir Mani , Sigler Christian , Knödler Maren , Keller Ulrich , Beule Dieter , Keilholz Ulrich , Leser Ulf , Rieke Damian T. 
Published: November 2023

ImportanceClinical interpretation of complex biomarkers for precision oncology currently requires manual investigations of previous studies and databases. Conversational large language models (LLMs) might be beneficial as automated tools for assisting clinical decision-making.ObjectiveTo assess performance and define their role using 4 recent LLMs as support tools for precision oncology.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis diagnostic study examined 10 fictional cases of patients with advanced cancer with genetic alterations. Each case was submitted to 4 different LLMs (ChatGPT, Galactica, Perplexity, and BioMedLM) and 1 expert physician to identify personalized treatment options in 2023. Treatment options were masked and presented to a molecular tumor board (MTB), whose members rated the likelihood of a treatment option coming from an LLM on a scale from 0 to 10 (0, extremely unlikely; 10, extremely likely) and decided whether the treatment option was clinically useful.Main Outcomes and MeasuresNumber of treatment options, precision, recall, F1 score of LLMs compared with human experts, recognizability, and usefulness of recommendations.ResultsFor 10 fictional cancer patients (4 with lung cancer, 6 with other; median [IQR] 3.5 [3.0-4.8] molecular alterations per patient), a median (IQR) number of 4.0 (4.0-4.0) compared with 3.0 (3.0-5.0), 7.5 (4.3-9.8), 11.5 (7.8-13.0), and 13.0 (11.3-21.5) treatment options each was identified by the human expert and 4 LLMs, respectively. When considering the expert as a criterion standard, LLM-proposed treatment options reached F1 scores of 0.04, 0.17, 0.14, and 0.19 across all patients combined. Combining treatment options from different LLMs allowed a precision of 0.29 and a recall of 0.29 for an F1 score of 0.29. LLM-generated treatment options were recognized as AI-generated with a median (IQR) 7.5 (5.3-9.0) points in contrast to 2.0 (1.0-3.0) points for manually annotated cases. A crucial reason for identifying AI-generated treatment options was insufficient accompanying evidence. For each patient, at least 1 LLM generated a treatment option that was considered helpful by MTB members. Two unique useful treatment options (including 1 unique treatment strategy) were identified only by LLM.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this diagnostic study, treatment options of LLMs in precision oncology did not reach the quality and credibility of human experts; however, they generated helpful ideas that might have complemented established procedures. Considering technological progress, LLMs could play an increasingly important role in assisting with screening and selecting relevant biomedical literature to support evidence-based, personalized treatment decisions.
Prevalence of Perinatal Anxiety and Related Disorders in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Roddy Mitchell Alexandra , Gordon Hannah , Atkinson Jessica , Lindquist Anthea , Walker Susan P. , Middleton Anna , Tong Stephen , Hastie Roxanne 
Published: November 2023

ImportanceAnxiety disorders are associated with poor maternal and neonatal outcomes. Women in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are thought to be disproportionally burdened by these disorders, yet their prevalence is unclear.ObjectiveTo conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the prevalence of 6 anxiety and related disorders among perinatal women in LMICs.Data SourcesEmbase, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, and Web of Science databases were searched from inception until September 7, 2023.Study SelectionStudies conducted in World Bank–defined LMICs and reporting prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, social anxiety disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, panic disorder, or adjustment disorder during the perinatal period (conception to 12 months post partum) using a validated method were included.Data Extraction and SynthesisThis study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses reporting guideline. Study eligibility, extracted data, and risk of bias of included studies were assessed by 2 independent reviewers. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to estimate pooled point prevalence. Subgroup analyses were performed by specific anxiety disorder.Main Outcomes and MeasuresMain outcomes were prevalence estimates of each anxiety disorder, measured as percentage point estimates and corresponding 95% CIs.ResultsAt total of 10 617 studies were identified, 203 of which met the inclusion criteria and reported the outcomes of 212 318 women from 33 LMICs. Generalized anxiety disorder was the most reported (184 studies [90.6%]) and most prevalent disorder at 22.2% (95% CI, 19.4%-25.0%; n = 173 553). Posttraumatic stress disorder was the second most prevalent (8.3%; 95% CI, 5.0%-12.2%; 33 studies; n = 22 452). Adjustment disorder was least prevalent (2.9%; 95% CI, 0.0%-14.1%; 2 studies; n = 475). The prevalence of generalized anxiety varied by country income status, with the highest prevalence among lower-middle–income countries (27.6%; 95% CI, 21.6%-33.9%; 59 studies; n = 25 109), followed by low-income (24.0%; 95% CI, 15.3%-33.8%; 11 studies; n = 4961) and upper-middle–income (19.1%; 95% CI, 16.0%-22.4%; 110 studies; n = 138 496) countries.Conclusions and RelevanceThese findings suggest that 1 in 5 women living in LMICs experience anxiety disorders during pregnancy and post partum. Targeted action is needed to reduce this high burden.