bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of fresh and cryopreserved porcine ventral mesencephalon cells transplanted in A rat model of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Jacoby Douglas B. , Lindberg Charles , Ratliff Judson , Wetzel Kristie , Stewart Gregory R. , Dinsmore Jonathan 
Published: October 2002

AbstractTo evaluate whether cryopreservation of porcine ventral mesencephalon cells influences graft survival and function in vivo, we have transplanted either freshly prepared or cryopreserved cells into the striatum of 6‐hydroxydopamine‐lesioned rats. A single cell suspension of porcine ventral mesencephalon cells from the same isolation either was stored at 4°C and transplanted the next day or was cryopreserved for 4 weeks in liquid nitrogen vapor. The cryopreserved cells were then rapidly thawed, rinsed, and transplanted in the same manner as the fresh cells, with the same dose of viable cells. All animals received daily injections of cyclosporin A to prevent xenograft rejection. To monitor graft function, amphetamine‐induced rotation was measured every 3 weeks between 6 and 15 weeks posttransplantation. After sacrifice at 15 weeks posttransplantation, histological methods were used to compare fresh cell and cryopreserved cell transplants with respect to graft survival, differentiation and integration, and host immune response. Cryopreserved cells were found to be either equivalent or in some cases superior to fresh cells with respect to rotational correction, graft survival, graft volume, numbers of graft‐derived dopaminergic neurons, and host immune responses. In conclusion, the results indicate that it is feasible to cryopreserve porcine ventral mesencephalon cells for long‐term storage of cells prior to transplantation in an animal model of Parkinson's disease. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of geranylgeranylaceton on cellular damage induced by proteasome inhibition in cultured spinal neurons
Authors: Kikuchi Seiji , Shinpo Kazuyoshi , Takeuchi Masayoshi , Tsuji Sachiko , Yabe Ichiro , Niino Masaaki , Tashiro Kunio 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe investigated the effect of two proteasome inhibitors, lactacystin and epoxomicin, on cultured spinal cord neurons. The incubation of spinal neurons with proteasome inhibitors for 24 hr induced neurotoxicity in a dose‐dependent manner. We found motor neurons to be more vulnerable to proteasome‐induced neurotoxicity than nonmotor neurons. The staining of cell bodies in treated motor neurons was markedly disrupted and showed characteristic granular patterns. Proteasome‐induced neurotoxicity is accompanied by apoptotic nuclear changes, posttranslational modification of the cellular proteins, generation of intracellular free radicals, reduction in the amount of reduced glutathione, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Neurotoxicity was reduced by the administration of low concentrations (1–100 nM) of geranylgeranylacetone (GGA), which is widely used as an antiulcer drug, although higher concentrations of this drug produced neurotoxicity in spinal cord neurons. GGA was found to induce the expression of heat shock protein 70 as well as thioredoxin, which may partly contribute to the protective effect of GGA. These data suggest that the inhibition of proteasome may play a role in the mechanism of neurodegenerative diseases of the spinal cord, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and that the use of GGA may be effective in the treatment of these conditions. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Relationship between organizational justice and employee work outcomes: a cross‐national study
Authors: Lam Simon S. K. , Schaubroeck John , Aryee Samuel 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis study examined the influence of organizational justice perceptions on employee work outcome relationships as moderated by individual differences that are influenced by societal culture. Power distance, but not country or individualism, moderated the relationships between perceived justice and satisfaction, performance, and absenteeism. The effects of perceived justice on these outcomes were stronger among individuals scoring lower on power distance index, and most of these study participants were in the U.S. (versus Hong Kong) sample. Limitations of the study and the implications of the findings for managing cross‐culturally are discussed. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Social value orientation, organizational goal concerns and interdepartmental problem‐solving behavior
Authors: Nauta Aukje , De Dreu Carsten K. W. , van der Vaart Taco 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn a study of 11 organizations among 120 manufacturing, planning and sales employees, support was found for the hypothesis that a prosocial value orientation—as a personality trait—increases the likelihood that employees show a high concern for the goals of other departments. This concern, combined with a high concern for own goals, furthermore appeared to increase the likelihood of problem‐solving behavior during interdepartmental negotiations. Measures of goal concerns were attained, firstly, by asking employees how important they found six specific organizational goals and, secondly, by assessing which goals were found most important by members of which department. The results of this study suggest that problem solving can be induced by selecting or developing prosocial employees, because a prosocial value orientation increases the likelihood of having broad role orientations, in which employees not only care for goals characteristic of their own department, but also for goals of other departments. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Raman spectral analysis of liquid ammonia and aqueous solution of ammonia
Authors: Ujike Tomoko , Tominaga Yasunori 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe intramolecular vibrational region of the Raman spectra of liquid ammonia and aqueous solution of ammonia was studied. We propose an interpretation of these spectra assuming the dynamic structures made by hydrogen bonds. The normal mode wavenumbers of ammonia monomer, ammonia dimer and ammonia–water complex were calculated by the GF matrix method. These wavenumbers almost fit the spectral peaks. For liquid ND3 and ND3–D2O solution, the spectra are also explained in the same way. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Temperature‐dependent Raman study of L‐arginine hydrochloride monohydrate single crystal
Authors: Lima R. J. C. , Freire P. T. C. , Sasaki J. M. , Melo F. E. A. , Mendes Filho J. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractPolarized Raman spectra of L‐arginine hydrochloride monohydrate single crystal were studied at temperatures ranging from 295 to 10 K. The behavior of the linewidth, wavenumber and intensity of several bands is discussed and related to some particular vibrational modes associated with hydrogen bonds or even to other vibrations, such as CN, CCC, CCN and CH vibrations. The disappearance of some bands in the lattice vibrational region was associated with a phase transition undergone by the crystal between 100 and 110 K. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Raman study of the lithium insertion process in vanadium pentoxide thin films deposited by atomic layer deposition
Authors: Baddour‐Hadjean R. , Golabkan V. , Pereira‐Ramos J. P. , Mantoux A. , Lincot D. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractMicro‐Raman spectrometry was applied to the characterization of the LixV2O5 phases (0 ≤ x ≤ 1.8) electrochemically produced from V2O5 thin films prepared by atomic layer deposition (ALD). An electrochemical study showed that V2O5 ALD films constitute attractive positive electrodes for rechargeable lithium microbatteries. The good homogeneity and crystallinity of the films allowed us to obtain high‐resolution Raman spectra and to follow their transformation as lithium insertion proceeds. Specific Raman fingerprints were obtained for the successive α, ε, δ and γ phases, and structural reversibility was evidenced for lithium uptake >1. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of soil pH on the uptake of Al, F and other elements by tea plants
Authors: Fung K F , Wong M H 
Published: October 2002

AbstractSoil extractable Al, F and Zn concentrations decreased whereas extractable Ca, Cu, K, Mg, Na and P concentrations increased when the soil pH was raised from 3 to 6. These trends led to a decrease in growth of tea seedlings as determined by measurements of relative dry weight gain (RDW), relative leaf number gain (RLN) and relative leaf area gain (RLA). Tea seedlings of both ‘large‐leafed’ and ‘small‐leafed’ varieties grown in soils at pH 3 and 3.5 were the tallest and healthiest, while those at pH 6 died after 3 months. The large‐leafed variety showed higher growth rates than the small‐leafed variety. The highest (p < 0.05) amounts of Al and F, 4225 and 430 mg kg−1respectively, were found in seedlings under pH 3.5 treatment. When Al and F concentrations in seedlings increased, elements such as Ca, Mg, Na and Zn gently decreased (p < 0.05) whereas P increased. K and Cu were not affected. The results indicated that soil pH values higher than 4 reduced Al and F concentrations in tea plants.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Lignin in the ‘cell contents’ fraction of tropical forages
Authors: Lowry J Brian , Kennedy Peter M , Conlan Laurance L 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn several tropical forage species the neutral detergent extraction used to determine cell wall and cell contents fractions solubilised a substantial UV‐absorbing polymeric fraction which appeared to be a soluble lignin–carbohydrate complex. A crude product was isolated from spear grass (Heteropogon contortus) with a yield of 30 g kg−1. In other forages an acetyl bromide method was used to estimate lignin extractable by neutral detergent. For eight species of tropical grasses this gave the following values: Aristida calcyna, 38; Mitchell grass (Astrebla squarrosa), 37; Chloris gayana, 31; Eragrostis sp, 37; spear grass, 49; Iseilema membranaceum, 35; Panicum maximum, 36; Sorghum sp, 42; Themeda triandra, 79 g kg−1. The levels in two legumes were: Alysicarpus bupleurifolius, 29; Macroptilium atropurpureum, 27 g kg−1 dry matter. Sequential extractions on spear grass and Mitchell grass showed that most of the 50% dioxan‐soluble fraction was also soluble in neutral detergent, raising the possibility that ‘dioxan lignin’, on which studies of forage lignin structure in other species have been conducted, would be found in the cell contents fraction rather than in the fibre fractions on which lignin analyses have been performed. Addition of dioxan extractives reduced the in vitro neutral detergent fibre (NDF) digestibility of spear grass and Mitchell grass.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Short‐chain fatty acid content in the hindgut of rats fed various composite foods and commercial dietary fibre fractions from similar sources
Authors: Henningsson Åsa M , Nyman E Margareta G L , Björck Inger M E 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe fermentability of indigestible carbohydrates and content of short‐chain fatty acids along the hindgut of rats were investigated using plant materials of importance in the Swedish diet (instant potato powder, apples and oat flakes). Results with the composite food products were compared with commercial fibre fractions obtained from similar sources, ie potato fibre, apple pectin and β‐glucan‐enriched oat fibre. The materials were incorporated into diets yielding a concentration of 60 or 70 g kg−1 indigestible carbohydrates. The fermentability of indigestible carbohydrates was high with all diets, between 79 and 90%. All substrates except the pure apple pectin generated intermediate to high proportions of butyric acid in the caecum (15–22 vs 8%). The potato products gave high concentrations of butyric acid in the distal colon. The potato powder, ie the diet with the highest content of resistant starch (22 g kg−1), also gave the highest proportion of butyric acid in the distal colon (19%), which was higher than the proportion in the caecum with the same substrate (15%) (P < 0.005). The composite foods promoted a higher proportion of butyric acid in the distal colon as compared with the commercial fibre fractions (P < 0.05).© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Popping of amaranth grain (Amaranthus caudatus) and its effect on the functional, nutritional and sensory properties
Authors: Lara Nelly , Ruales Jenny 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe popping of amarunth grain (Amaranthus caudatus var INIAP‐Alegría) by hot air processing was studied. A household corn popper adapted to control heating and airflow was used. The effects of temperature, load, airflow and moisture on the popping capacity and on the functional properties, nutritional quality, crude protein content, lysine content and sensory texture of the poppei grain were investigate. The yield, expansion volume and density of popped grain showed that the optimal conditions for the popping process were 240 °C, 22 g load, 0.013 m3 s−1 airflow and 12% grain moisture. The proportion of popped grain with butterfly shape was highest (p < 0.05) at 220 °C, 22 g load, 0.014 m3 s−1 airflow and 14% grain moisture. The functional and physic‐chemical properties of popped grain obtained by various treatments showed completely gelatinised starch. The total, available and resistant starch contents were similar among the different treatments. The enzymatic degradation of starch was 65% within 5–15 min of incubation with α‐amylase. The crude protein content was almost 15% for all the treatments, while the total lysine content was 45.2–48.0 mg g−1 protein. The in vitro availability of protein of popped grain obtained at 0.013 m3 s−1 airflow and 14% grain moisture was above 84%. The highest available lysine value was found for popped grain obtained at 0.014 m3 s−1 airflow, 18–22 g load and 12–14% grain moisture. However, six of the eight treatments had available lysine contents that varied between 41.2 and 47.4 mg g−1 protein. Sensory analyses showed that the treatments with the highest popping capacity produced grains with high crunch and expansion capacities.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Modelling of the hydrolysis of sorghum straw at atmospheric pressure
Authors: Téllez‐Luis Simón J , Ramírez José A , Vázquez Manuel 
Published: October 2002

AbstractSorghum straw is a renewable, cheap and widespread resource. The acid hydrolysis of sorghum straw to obtain xylose solutions could be a good alternative for this abundant resource. The H2SO4 hydrolysis of sorghum straw at two different temperatures (80 and 100 °C) and three H2SO4 concentrations (2, 4 and 6%) using a solid/liquid ratio of 1:10 (w/w) was studied. Kinetic parameters of mathematical models for predicting the concentrations of xylose, glucose, acetic acid and furfural were determined. The activation energy of the release reaction was 183.3 kJ mol−1 for xylose and 185.8 kJ mol−1 for glucose. The optimal conditions found were 6% H2SO4 at 100 °C for 60 min, which allow one to obtain a solution with 18.27 g xylose l−1, 6.78 g glucose l−1, 0.7 g furfural l−1 and 1.35 g acetic acid l−1. It is concluded that this process has potential for utilisation of this renewable lignocellulosic resource.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Toxicological evaluation of transgenic rice flour with a synthetic cry1Ab gene from Bacillus thuringiensis
Authors: Wang Zhong‐hua , Wang Yin , Cui Hai‐rui , Xia Ying‐wu , Altosaar Illimar , Shu Qing‐yao 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBacillus thuringiensis (Bt) transgenic (KMD1) and non‐transgenic (KMD1′s parental variety Xiushui 11) rice flours were assessed in a 90 day feeding test with rats. KMD1 contained a synthetic cry1Ab gene from Bt, and selection marker genes nptII and hpt linked in tandem. In the≤64 g kg−1 body weight (BW) dosage range (Bt transgenic rice flour composed 64% of the ingredients of the diet), no adverse effects of Bt rice on rats were observed in terms of animal behaviour, weight gain and feed utilisation rate. Necropsy at the end of the experiment indicated that neither pathological lesions nor histopathological abnormalities were present in organs such as liver, kidneys, intestines and testes of rats in both test and control groups by macroscopic and microscopic pathology. In addition, no significant differences (P > 0.05) were observed in relative organ weights, haemograms and blood indices of rats between test and control groups. Several serum parameters of female rats were found to be significantly different between Bt and non‐Bt diets, but the values of these parameters were still within the normal ranges of values for rats of this age and sex. These results demonstrated that Bt rice flour at a dosage of 64 g kg−1 BW, Bt toxin and NPTII and HPT proteins have no toxic effects on rats.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of sodium and sulphur fertilisers on the concentrations of nitrate and potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in water leached from permanent pasture
Authors: Chiy Paul C , Phillips Clive J C 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe concentrations of nitrate and potentially toxic elements (PTEs) are reported in water leached from a perennial ryegrass pasture to which isonitrogenous quantities of sodium nitrate, ammonium nitrate or ammonium sulphate fertilisers had been applied in an experiment lasting 2 years. The experimental design allowed a comparison of the immediate effects of sodium nitrate in the grazing season in which the fertiliser was applied with the residual effects of applying it in the previous year. Leachate composition was monitored from December of the first year to August of the second year. Sodium fertiliser reduced the concentrations of cadmium in soil and leachate, but it increased lead concentration in soil and reduced it in leachate. Sulphur fertiliser had no effect on any PTE. Nitrate concentration in leachate increased towards the end of the winter to almost reach the EU legal limit in water and then declined during the spring and summer. Sodium fertiliser applied in either but not both years reduced nitrate concentration. Sulphur fertiliser had varied effects on nitrate concentration in leachate depending on the timing of sodium fertiliser application. When applied at the same time as sodium fertiliser, sulphur fertiliser decreased nitrate concentration, but when applied to areas that had received sodium fertiliser in the previous year, it increased nitrate concentration. It is suggested that sodium fertiliser residues may have long‐term effects on leachate nitrate concentration that determine the impact of sulphur fertilisers. It is concluded that sodium fertilisers may reduce the concentrations of at least two PTEs, cadmium and lead, in ground water and that the effects of sulphur fertilisers are dependent on the sodium status of the soil.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of fructooligosaccharide on nutritional parameters and mineral bioavailability in rats
Authors: Gudiel‐Urbano Montserrat , Goñi Isabel 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe effect of fructooligosaccharide on protein digestibility and mineral absorption was studied in rats fed diets containing 5 g kg−1 fructooligosaccharide, 5 g kg−1 cellulose/fructooligosaccharide (1:1) or 5 g kg−1 cellulose as a source of dietary fibre. Addition of cellulose/fructooligosaccharide or fructooligosaccharide to the diet did not significantly modify the daily food intake and food efficiency. However, the fructooligosaccharide‐fed group showed a significant decrease in body weight gain compared with cellulose‐fed groups. Faecal excretion was significantly lower when there was fructooligosaccharide intake, despite there being no significant differences in cellulose‐fed groups. Intake of fructooligosaccharide produced an increase in caecal content and an enlargement of the caecal wall. This trophic effect could be attributed to short‐chain fatty acids produced from the anaerobic fermentation of fructooligosaccharide by intestinal bacteria. Cellulose/fructooligosaccharide enhanced the apparent absorption and apparent retention of Ca, Mg, Zn and Fe. Fructooligosaccharide‐fed rats experienced an increase in apparent absorption and apparent retention of Mg compared with cellulose‐fed rats. Fructooligosaccharide intake at the lowest dose was enough to provide a desirable effect on mineral bioavailability in rats without any modification of nutritional parameters.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Persistence of pesticides in water, sediment and fish from fish farms in Kolleru Lake, India
Authors: Amaraneni Sreenivasa Rao 
Published: October 2002

AbstractKolleru Lake is a freshwater lake in south‐eastern India with a high potential for aquaculture. It is located between 61°32′ and 61°47′N latitude and 81°15′ and 81°27′E longitude. Various chemicals such as pesticides are used to control diseases and ectoparasites in intensive aquaculture farms in India. The main aim of this paper was to determine selected pesticides in water, sediment and fish from 12 fish farms located in Kolleru Lake in order to assess the quality of fish for human consumption and to improve the further risk assessment and management of such chemicals in aquaculture and also to evaluate the impact of aquaculture chemicals on the Kolleru Lake environment. The chemicals used in intensive aquaculture farms were documented. Water, sediment and fish samples were collected from the fish farms during the production period and analysed for the pesticides α‐BHC, γ‐BHC, malathion, chloropyrifos, isodrin, endosulfan, dieldrin and p,p′‐DDT using gas chromatography.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Comparison of the volatile components of two cultivars of potato cooked by boiling, conventional baking and microwave baking
Authors: Oruna‐Concha Maria J , Bakker Jokie , Ames Jennifer M 
Published: October 2002

AbstractTubers of two cultivars (Estima and Maris Piper) of potato were cooked by three different procedures, ie boiling, conventional baking and microwave baking. Peeled and sliced tubers were boiled, while intact potatoes were baked in their skins. Flavour components from the boiled slices and the flesh of the baked tubers were isolated by headspace adsorption onto Tenax and analysed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). For all cooking procedures, Estima gave stronger isolates than Maris Piper. The two main sources of flavour compounds (regardless of cooking procedure) were lipid degradation and the Maillard reaction and/or sugar degradation. The ratio (yield derived from lipid)/(yield derived from Maillard reaction and/or sugar) decreased from 8.5–9.1 (boiling) to 2.7–3.4 (microwave baking) and to 0.4–1.1 (conventional baking). Quantitative and qualitative differences among the cooking procedures are explained in terms of the variations in heat and mass transfer processes that occurred. Each cooking procedure resulted in a unique profile of flavour compounds.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Characterisation of pressure‐treated skimmed milk powder dispersions: application of NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Hubbard Colin D , Caswell David , Lüdemann Hans‐Dietrich , Arnold Martin 
Published: October 2002

AbstractSkimmed milk powder (SMP) (bovine) and skimmed milk powder/sucrose dispersions before, during and after high‐pressure treatment have been studied by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy (principally P‐31). The P‐31 spectra of samples at 293 K before and after pressure (400–600 MPa) treatment were not significantly different from one another, whether or not sucrose was present. This indicates that physicochemical changes relating to phosphorus‐containing components occurring during a pressure cycle are either reversible or result in re‐immobilisation, while protein components may be rearranged. The P‐31 NMR spectra of these dispersions at 293 K under pressure (100–300 MPa) showed that pressure caused a considerable increase in the free inorganic phosphate concentration and that the increase was proportional to the magnitude of pressure. Decompression to ambient caused an exact reversal of this trend. These findings are discussed in terms of characterisation and properties of pressure‐treated SMP dispersions by other methods and techniques.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry