bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A CIITA‐independent pathway that promotes expression of endogenous rather than exogenous peptides in immune‐privileged sites
Authors: Arancibia‐Cárcamo Carolina V. , Osawa Hideya , Arnett Heather A. , Háskova Zdenka , George Andrew J. T. , Ono Santa J. , Ting Jenny P.‐Y. , Streilein J. Wayne 
Published: February 2004

AbstractA CIITA‐independent pathway of MHC class II expression has been found in the eye and the brain, both immune‐privileged sites. Although corneal endothelial cells were unable to express MHC class II in response to IFN‐γ alone, these cells readily expressed MHC class II molecules via a CIITA‐independent pathway when triggered by simultaneous exposure to IFN‐γ and TNF‐α. CIITA‐independent expression of MHCclass II molecules enabled corneal endothelial cells to present cytosolic, but not endosomal, ovalbumin (OVA) to OVA‐primed T cells. To determine whether CIITA‐independentexpression of MHC class II is relevant in vivo, minor H‐only‐incompatible corneal allografts prepared from CIITA knockout (KO) mice, MHC class II KO mice or wild‐type donors were placed ineyes of normal mice. Cornea allografts from wild‐type and CIITA KO mice suffered similar rejection fates, whereas far fewer class II‐deficient corneas were rejected. In addition, MHC class II‐bearing macrophages were observed in cuprizone‐induced inflammatory and demyelinating brain lesions of CIITA KO mice. We conclude that class II expression via the CIITA‐independent pathway enhances the vulnerability to rejection of corneal grafts expressing minor antigens. The potential relevance of CIITA‐independent MHC class II expression at immune‐privileged sites is discussed in relation to tolerance to strong autoantigens.
Ethyl α‐(Triphenylphosphoranylidene)amino‐β‐ferrocenylacrylate as a Starting Material for [2+2] Cycloadditions, Including the Aza‐Wittig Reaction
Authors: Csámpai Antal , Túrós György , Kudar Veronika , Simon Kálmán , Oeynhausen Hendrik , Wamhoff Heinrich , Sohár Pál 
Published: February 2004

AbstractEthyl α‐(triphenylphosphoranylidene)amino‐β‐ferrocenylacrylate, synthesized from the corresponding azide, was treated with a few selected electrophilic agents potentially capable of undergoing the aza‐Wittig reaction. The transformations with aroyl chlorides and phenylisocyanate afforded a series of novel 4‐(ferrocenyl)methylidene‐2‐aryloxazolones. On treatment of the phosphorimino compound with DMAD two competitive reactions took place on the C=C and N=P bonds, giving rise to a novel amino(ferrocenyl)butadiene and a ferrocenyl‐substituted aza‐pentadienylphosphorylide, respectively. The parent azidoferrocenylacrylate underwent the expected 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition with DMAD, resulting in a triester of a (ferrocenyl)vinyl‐substituted v‐triazoletricarboxylate suitable for a variety of further heterocyclic syntheses. The structures of the new compounds were determined by IR and NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and X‐ray analysis. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Another Aspect of the Reaction Behavior of Cyclopentadienones: 1,5‐Sigmatropic Rearrangement of the 1,4‐Addition Products of Amines
Authors: Yamaguchi Koki , Kai Chika , Yoshitake Yasuyuki , Harano Kazunobu 
Published: February 2004

AbstractTreatment of 2,5‐bis(methoxycarbonyl)‐3,4‐diphenylcyclopentadienone (1) with aniline (2a) gave the stereoisomeric 2‐anilino‐2,5‐bis(methoxycarbonyl)‐3,4‐diphenylcyclopentenones (cis‐ and trans‐4a). 1H NMR spectroscopic monitoring of the reaction indicates that both compounds are derived from the 1,5‐sigmatropic rearrangement of the 1,4‐addition products cis‐ and trans‐3a. The structure of 3a was established by the X‐ray analysis of the product after methylation (3a‐Enol‐Me) with diazomethane. The sequential pericyclic reaction behavior of 1 with amines is discussed on the basis of X‐ray crystal structures and the optimized structure of the transition state at the B3LYP/6−31G(d) level of theory. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Regulatory changes and information competition: The case of Taiwan index futures
Authors: Hsieh Wen‐liang Gideon 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThis article examines the cross‐border competition in price discovery between the Taiwan Futures
Exchange (TAIFEX) and the Singapore Exchange Derivatives Trading (SGX). We focused on the
impact of market reforms on the information leadership of similar contracts traded on the two exchanges. Utilizing
synchronized transaction data, it was found that reducing the futures transferring tax was the only policy change
that enhanced TAIFEX's information role. Evidence supported the trading‐cost hypothesis that a lower
transaction cost is associated with better price discovery. A brief linkage between trading volume and price
discovery was found when data were broken down into subperiods according to the relative volume of TAIFEX and SGX.
Evidence suggested that the SGX's information advantage reported in previous research had diminished as the
rival market progressed. It also indicated that exchanges seeking to improve information efficiency should adopt
policies that will reduce transaction costs or increase trading volume. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl
Fut Mark 24:399–412, 2004
Electrochemistry and Spectroscopy of Sulfate Complexes of (Tetraphenylporphyrinato)manganese
Authors: Lawson Kevin , Gross Jeff , Crawford Philip W. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThe electrochemical and spectroscopic properties of [Mn2(tpp)2(SO4)] (H2tpp=tetraphenylporphyrin=5,10,15,20‐tetraphenyl‐21H,23H‐porphine) were studied to characterize the stability of this compound as a function of solvent, redox state, and sulfate concentration. In non‐coordinating solvents such as 1,2‐dichloroethane, the dimer was stable, and two cyclic voltammetric waves were observed in the region for MnIII reduction. These waves correspond to reduction of the dimer to [MnII(tpp)] and [MnIII(tpp)(OSO3)]−, and reduction of [MnIII(tpp)(OSO3)]− to [MnII(tpp)(OSO3)]2−, respectively. In the coordinating solvent DMSO, [Mn2(tpp)2(SO4)] was unstable and dissociated to form [MnIII(tpp)(DMSO)2]+. A single voltammetric wave was observed for MnIII reduction in this solvent, corresponding to formation of [MnII(tpp)(DMSO)]. In non‐coordinating solvent systems, addition of sulfate (as the bis(triphenylphosphoranylidene)ammonium (PPN+) salt) resulted in dimer dissociation, yielding [MnIII(tpp)(OSO3)]−. Reduction of this monomer produced [MnII(tpp)(OSO3)]2−. In DMSO, addition of SO$\rm{_{4}^{2-}}$ led to displacement of solvent molecules forming [MnIII(tpp)(OSO3)]−. Reduction of this species in DMSO led to [MnII(tpp)(DMSO)].
A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Approach toward the Development of Optimized Luminescent Carbostyrils
Authors: Strohmeier Gernot A. , Fabian Walter M. F. , Uray Georg 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThe synthesis and photophysical data of new carbostyrils (quinoline‐2(1H)‐ones) with the longest hitherto observed absorption‐ and emission wavelengths are described. Introduction of 6‐amino, 7‐MeO, and 4‐(CF3) substituents enabled us to rise the absorption and fluorescence maxima up to 414 and 557 nm, respectively. Supported by semi‐empirical and ab initio calculations, the 6,7‐(1,4‐diazine)‐fused carbostyril 23b displayed absorption maxima at up to 440 nm, with quantum yields of up to 0.9 and large Stokes shifts (>100 nm), comparable to the best coumarin chromophores known. The new fluorophore is neither pH‐sensitive between pH 6 and 10 nor susceptible to O2 quenching. At pH 3, the emitted light appears greenish‐white, which arises from three different stages of protonation.
Spiromarienonols A and B: Two New 7(8→9)abeo‐Lanostane‐Type Triterpene Lactones from the Stem Bark of Abies mariesii
Authors: Tanaka Reiko , Wada Shun‐ichi , Aoki Hitoshi , Matsunaga Shunyo , Yamori Takao 
Published: February 2004

AbstractTwo new skeletal triterpene lactones, spiromarienonols A (1a) and B (2a), were isolated from the stem bark of Abies mariesii Masters (Pinaceae). Based on spectral data and biogenetic considerations, their unique three‐dimensional structures were determined to be (3R,7S,9R,23R)‐ (1a) and (3R,7S,9S,23R)‐3,7‐dihydroxy‐8‐oxo‐7(8→9)abeo‐lanost‐24‐eno‐26,23‐lactone (2a). Moreover, the potent activity of abiesenonic acid methyl ester (3) and abieslactone (4) against a disease‐oriented panel of 39 human cancer cell lines were investigated.
Communities coping with change: A conceptual model
Authors: Kelly Gail J. , Steed Lyndall G. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractChanging economic, political, environmental, and social conditions continue to have a cumulative impact on Australian regional communities, and in many instances, rural communities are being forced to initiate their own strategies in order to remain economically and socially viable. However, while communities respond in differing ways to similar change events, as do individuals, research examining the change process has largely been undertaken at the individual level. This article reports on an investigation of the characteristics that moderate a community's ability to manage change and the types of collective coping strategies communities employ to deal with change events. A model of community change process was used as the framework to examine the links between community characteristics, appraisal of change events (forest restructuring and tourism), and the use of collective strategies in three communities in Western Australia. Findings suggest that a community's mobilization of strategies is dependent on the collective assessment of the change event, the nature of the event, and the characteristics of the community. The implications for intervention through policy and community development are discussed briefly. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comm Psychol 32: 201–216, 2004.
Molecular characterization of lactic acid populations associated with wine spoilage
Authors: Beneduce L. , Spano G. , Vernile A. , Tarantino D. , Massa S. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractWe have investigated the prevalence of spoilage lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in table wines produced in the Apulia region. The occurrence of LAB was evaluated in wines produced with low sulphur dioxide doses and not supplemented with selected malolactic starters such as Oenococcus oeni. About 150 strains were isolated from wine must and a molecular characterization was performed using PCR‐based techniques. Most of the strains analysed belonged to Lactobacillus plantarum species. However, some of the strains were identified as Pediococcus damnosus and Leuconostoc sp. The amplified fragments of Pediococcus damnosus were cloned and sequenced. The coding sequence was highly homologous to that of the ropy plasmid confirming that the isolated strain was a ropy+ Pediococcus damnosus. In all the samples analysed, the final must pH value reached was relatively high (from 3.78 to 3.90). The high pH values had probably negatively influenced (counteracted) the activity of sulphur dioxide added, allowing proliferation of spoilage wine microorganisms.
Isolation and characterization of microorganisms capable of decolorizing various triphenylmethane dyes
Authors: Sharma Deepak Kumar , Saini Harvinder Singh , Singh Manjinder , Chimni Swapandeep Singh , Chadha Bhupinder Singh 
Published: February 2004

AbstractVarious soil and sludge samples collected from the vicinity of textile dyeing industries and waste disposal sites were used for enrichment of microbial population in the presence of triphenylmethane (TPM) dye Acid Violet‐17 (AV‐17). Twenty‐five (25) isolates were screened for their ability to decolorize AV‐17 dye added at a rate of 10 mgl−1 in mineral salts medium (MSM) agar plates. Five bacterial isolates belonging to Bacillus sp., Alcaligenes sp. and Aeromonas sp. were selected on the basis of their higher decolorization ability and were used to develop a bacterial consortium. The consortium was able to efficiently decolorize various TPM dyes viz. Acid Violet‐17 (86%), Acid Blue‐15 (85%), Crystal Violet (82%), Malachite Green (82%) and Brilliant Green (85%). The consortium will be further used for designing efficient and cost effective treatment system for effluents of textile processing industries (TPI).
Consequences of the failure of the axiom of choice in the theory of Lindelöf metric spaces
Authors: Keremedis Kyriakos 
Published: February 2004

AbstractWe study within the framework of Zermelo‐Fraenkel set theory ZF the role that the axiom of choice plays in the theory of Lindelöf metric spaces. We show that in ZF the weak choice principles: (i) Every Lindelöf metric space is separable and (ii) Every Lindelöf metric space is second countable (Forms 340 and 341, respectively, in [10]) are equivalent. We also prove that a Lindelöf metric space is hereditarily separable iff it is hereditarily Lindelöf iff it hold as well the axiom of choice restricted to countable sets and to topologies of Lindelöf metric spaces as the countable union theorem restricted to Lindelöf metric spaces. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A secondary semantics for Second Order Intuitionistic Propositional Logic
Authors: Ferrari Mauro , Fiorentini Camillo , Fiorino Guido 
Published: February 2004

AbstractIn this paper we propose a Kripke‐style semantics for second order intuitionistic propositional logic and we provide a semantical proof of the disjunction and the explicit definability property. Moreover, we provide a tableau calculus which is sound and complete with respect to such a semantics. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Structural effect of linear and star‐shaped poly(L‐lactic acid) on physical properties
Authors: Kim Eun Sub , Kim Byoung Chul , Kim Soo Hyun 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThe linear and star‐shaped poly(L‐lactic acid) (PLLA) with similar molecular weight were prepared and their physical properties such as thermal properties, rheological properties, and crystallization behavior in quiescent and dynamic states were compared. The differential scanning calorimetry showed that the linear PLLA gave higher glass transition, melting, and crystallization temperatures than the star‐shaped one. In dynamic crystallization, the linear PLLA gave longer induction time and longer overall crystallization time than the star‐shaped one, although the former gave higher rate of crystallization in quiescent crystallization. However, wide‐angle X‐ray diffractometer(WAXD) analysis revealed that the linear and star‐shaped PLLA developed the same crystal structure and application of shear had little effect on crystal structure. As predicted, the linear PLLA gave higher crystallinity than the star‐shaped PLLA. In the dilute solutions, the linear PLLA exhibited higher intrinsic viscosity than the star‐shaped one. In the concentrated solutions, the star‐shaped PLLA gave higher values of dynamic viscosity, storage, and loss moduli than the linear one. Further, the former exhibited more noticeable shear thinning behavior and greater dependence of rheological properties on temperature than the latter. For both PLLA melts, the modified Cole–Cole plot gave slope less than 2. Of two PLLA polymers the star‐shaped PLLA gave smaller slope than the linear one. In addition, the former showed greater change of the slope with temperature than the latter. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 939–946, 2004
Brillouin scattering studies of polymeric nanostructures *
Authors: Hartschuh R. , Ding Y. , Roh J. H. , Kisliuk A. , Sokolov A. P. , Soles C. L. , Jones R. L. , Hu T. J. , Wu W. L. , Mahorowala A. P. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractFor a range of applications, polymers are now being patterned into nanometer‐sized features. In these applications, the robust mechanical properties of the nanostructures are critical for performance and stability. Brillouin light scattering is presented as a nondestructive, noncontact tool used to quantify the elastic constants in such nanostructures. We demonstrate this through a series of thin films and parallel ridges and spacings (gratings) with ridge widths ranging from 180 to 80 nm. For the set of films and structures presented here, the room‐temperature elastic moduli did not change with decreasing film thickness or grating ridge width, and this implied that one‐dimensional and two‐dimensional confinement‐induced changes of the mechanical properties were not significant down to feature sizes of 80 nm. Additionally, Brillouin spectra of submicrometer gratings revealed new modes not present in the spectra of thin films. The origin of these new modes remains unclear. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 1106–1113, 2004
Gepulstes Heißdraht‐Vakuummeter mit Pirani‐Sensor. Pulsed hot filament vacuum gauge with Pirani sensor
Authors: Jitschin W. , Ludwig S. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractDas Heißdraht‐Vakuummeter nach Pirani wird üblicherweise im stationären Zustand betrieben, in welchem zugeführte elektrische Heizleistung und Wärmeverluste im Gleichgewicht sind. Die Wärmeverluste durch Wärmeleitung des Gases nehmen mit steigendem Druck zu, woraus das Messsignal zur Druckbestimmung erhalten wird. Allerdings beginnt oberhalb von etwa 100 mbar die Wärmeleitung zu sättigen, so dass in diesem Bereich mit dem Heißdraht‐Vakuummeter keine genauen Messungen mehr möglich sind. Vor einigen Jahren wurde der Vorschlag veröffentlicht, das Heißdraht‐Vakuummeter gepulst zu betreiben, um die Wärmekapazität des Gases, die proportional zum Druck ist, zur Druckbestimmung auszunutzen. Gegenstand der vorliegenden Arbeit ist eine aussagefähige Untersuchung des dynamischen Verhaltens des Pirani‐Sensors. Hierzu wurden sowohl der Aufheizvorgang als auch der Abkühlprozess des Drahtes für verschiedene Drücke gemessen. Wie die Messdaten und Abschätzungen zeigen, steckt zwar bei Atmosphärendruck eine respektable Energie im Gas, wesentlich mehr als im Draht, jedoch werden hiervon Aufheizung und Abkühlung verhältnismäßig wenig beeinflußt. Grund hierfür sind die hohen Wärmeverluste durch Wärmeleitung des Gases, die recht schwache thermische Ankopplung des Gases an den Draht sowie die geringe mittlere Erwärmung des Gases. Weiterhin wurde ein intermittierender Betrieb des Pirani‐Sensors erprobt, bei dem die Versorgungsspannung des Drahtes allmählich ansteigt. Vorteile dieser Betriebsart sind eine deutliche Verbesserung der Messeigenschaften oberhalb von 100 mbar und eine erhebliche Reduzierung der Leistungsaufnahme.
Exploring Risk in Early Adolescent African American Youth
Authors: Farmer Thomas W. , Price LeShawndra N. , O'Neal Keri K. , Leung Man-Chi , Goforth Jennifer B. , Cairns Beverley D. , Reese Le'Roy E. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractTwo studies were conducted to explore the degree to which single‐ and multiple‐risk profiles were evident in samples of African American early adolescents in low‐income inner‐city, rural, and suburban schools. Study 1 examined early adolescent risk status (i.e., single, multiple) in relation to later adjustment in a representative sample (70% European American, 30% African American). Youth who experienced a single risk in early adolescence had moderately increased levels of school dropout and criminal arrests, whereas youth with multiple risks (i.e., combination of 2 or more risks) had significantly increased levels of school dropout, criminal arrests, and teen parenthood. Study 2 examined the extent to which single‐ and multiple‐risk profiles were evident in cross‐sectional samples of African American youth from low‐income inner‐city and rural areas. About one fourth of both the inner‐city and rural samples of African American youth were composed of youth in the single‐risk category. A significantly greater proportion of boys in the inner‐city sample (20%) than boys in the rural sample (13%) experienced multiple risks. Girls across the rural and inner‐city samples did not differ in terms of risk. Overall, more than 60% of African American youth in these two low‐income samples did not evidence risk for later adjustment problems. Implications for research and intervention are discussed.
Analytical solutions for unsteady multidimensional infiltration in heterogeneous soils
Authors: Protopapas Angelos L. , Bras Rafael L. 
Published: February 2004

Appendix is available with entire article on microfiche. Order from American Geophysical Union, 2000 Florida Avenue, N.W., Washington, DC 20009. Document W91‐003; $2.50. Payment must accompany order.The problem of unsteady multidimensional infiltration in heterogeneous soils is approached analytically. By assuming that the hydraulic conductivity is an exponential function of the soil matric potential and a linear function of the soil moisture, the governing flow equation is linearized for a special variation of the saturated hydraulic conductivity in space. By using integral transform methods, analytical solutions to the one‐ and two‐dimensional flow problem are derived and shown to be generalized versions of known results for homogeneous soils. The development aims at obtaining quantitative criteria for the validity of the one‐dimensional approximation, which is commonly used in hydrologic applications.
Tropospheric rivers: A one‐year record and a possible application to ice core data
Authors: Newell Reginald E. , Zhu Yong 
Published: February 2004

The morphology of tropospheric rivers has been examined for the period June 1991–May 1992 from atmospheric specific humidity and wind velocity data. Vertically integrated water vapor flux vectors are subjected to harmonic analysis and the high frequency components (periods less than 3 days) show large amplitude values in the North Atlantic, North Pacific, South Atlantic, South Indian Ocean and South Pacific plus small amplitude occurrences in the Red Sea‐Arabian Sea region in the December–February season. In June–August the latter is replaced with a large amplitude monsoon‐related region over South‐East Asia. Maximum intensities increase slightly in altitude with latitude. The correspondence between rivers, frontal boundaries and storm tracks is noted.Sometimes rivers originating over the North Pacific cross North America and reach Greenland while at other times they pass polewards over the North Atlantic, raising the possibility that water vapor involved in ice core formation may have evaporated from surface water bodies with different temperature and salinity characteristics. Changes in oxygen isotope variations at a point may therefore reflect changes in the dynamics of tropospheric rivers in addition to local temperature changes.