bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prostate cancer in patients with Hansen's disease
Authors: Kiriyama Isao , Ohgaki Kenji , Ohba Shuji , Egawa Katushi , Nishimura Taiji 
Published: December 2004

AbstractHansen's disease causes testicular failure secondarily, and because of this, it has been considered that prostate cancer would not be found in association. Three of 14 patients with chronic leprosy in Suruga National Sanatorium Hansen's Disease Hospital were found to have prostate cancer. A 72‐year‐old with lepromatous leprosy was diagnosed with stage T3a prostate cancer and treated with radical prostatectomy after hormonal therapy, plus irradiation. An 80‐year‐old with lepromatous leprosy was diagnosed with stage T2 prostate cancer and treated with irradiation and follow up only without hormone therapy and surgery because of his low testosterone level and old age. An 82‐year‐old with borderline leprosy was diagnosed with stage T1c prostate cancer and because of the pathological finding of low Gleason score and his old age, he was treated with hormonal therapy only. Two of the three cases had elevated concentrations of follicle‐stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone, which suggests that their prostatic cancers might have been equivalent to be under the influence of hormone therapy. Therefore, in aged male patients with Hansen's disease, the follicle‐stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone and testosterone concentrations should be measured, as well as that of prostate‐specific antigen, and a prostate biopsy should be also considered if the prostate‐specific antigen concentration is increased, even with hypogonadism.
Desmoid tumor in a scar from radical nephrectomy for renal cancer
Authors: FUJITA KAZUTOSHI , SUGAO HIDEKI , TSUJIKAWA KOZO , ITOH YASUHIRO 
Published: December 2004

AbstractDesmoid tumor is a fibroblastic proliferation arising in musculoaponeurotic tissues. We report a case of abdominal desmoid tumor discovered 2 years after radical nephrectomy for right renal cell carcinoma. Surgical extirpation was performed and the patient remained well 2 years later with no evidence of disease. The possibility of desmoid tumors developing in the incised abdominal wall should be considered while following patients after surgery.
Fracture of the penis: Nine cases with evaluation of reported cases in Japan
Authors: ISHIKAWA TOMOMOTO , FUJISAWA MASATO , TAMADA HIROSHI , INOUE TAKAAKI , SHIMATANI NOBORI 
Published: December 2004

AbstractBackground: Fracture of the penis is a relatively rare condition that is defined as a rupture of the tumescent corpora cavernosa as a result of blunt trauma, most commonly during sexual intercourse or masturbation. The fracture is easy to recognize but treatment remains controversial. We, therefore, examined the treatment methods for penile fracture.Methods: Between December 1990 and March 2001, eight patients underwent immediate surgical repair on the first or second day after fracture of the penis, and one patient underwent surgery on the 30th day after fracture, at Kansai Rosai Hospital. Patient age at presentation ranged from 15 to 55 years. Eight patients came to the hospital 2–23 h after the fracture occurred. All patients complained of penile swelling and ecchymosis. Three patients reported hearing a snapping sound. None of the patients demonstrated macroscopic hematuria.Results: We treated all of the patients surgically. All patients showed a unilateral injured corporeal rupture. We took a circumferential coronal incision under the glans and repaired with absorbable stitch. At follow‐up, eight of the nine patients who were available reported the achievement of an adequate erection for intercourse without erectile or voiding dysfunction.Conclusion: All patients were treated surgically and recovered successfully. Therefore, immediate repair is recommended for the treatment of penile fracture.
Management of atrial fibrillation in the emergency department
Authors: Crozier I. , Melton I. , Pearson S. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia and is a frequent cause for presentation to the emergency department. With an understanding of the pathophysiology and types of AF, efficient and effective management strategies for AF can be formulated. Patients with paroxysmal AF will often revert spontaneously and can initially be managed on an outpatient basis, unless an antiarrhythmic is commenced. In patients with AF and severe underlying heart disease, the management is primarily directed at the underlying heart disease, supplemented with rate‐controlling measures, and prevention of thromboembolic complications. In patients with persistent AF good rate control, early cardioversion and initiation of an antiarrhythmic are likely to reduce the risk of recurrence. (Intern Med J 2003; 33: 182−185)
Effect of different aspirin doses on platelet aggregation in patients with stable coronary artery disease
Authors: Malhotra S. , Sharma Y. P. , Grover A. , Majumdar S. , Hanif S. M. , Bhargava V. K. , Bhatnagar A , Pandhi P. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract Background:  Aspirin is widely used as an antiplatelet agent in the primary and secondary prevention of cardio­vascular disease. In order to spare prostacyclin formation and reduce gastrointestinal side‐effects, very low doses of aspirin have been introduced. However, it remains unclear whether these low doses are equally effective with respect to inhibition of platelet aggregation.Aims:  In a randomized, controlled study in 60 patients with stable coronary artery disease, the effects on platelet aggregation of five doses (50, 80, 100, 162.5 and 325 mg) of aspirin, which are widely used in clinical practice, given for 70 days, were investigated. Two ­reagents, adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and epinephrine, were used to induce platelet aggregation in ­platelet‐rich plasma. An age‐ and sex‐matched group of people without coronary artery disease served as the control.Results:  ADP‐ and epinephrine‐induced platelet ­aggregation was 78.2 ± 12.8% and 76.7 ± 15.5% of maximum aggregation in the control group. Aspirin inhibited platelet aggregation in a dose‐dependent manner. Minimum platelet aggregation was observed at a dose of 325 mg aspirin (27.5 ± 17.4% with ADP). Doses of 50 and 80 mg aspirin were much less effective in inhibiting platelet aggregation (59.1 ± 11.4% and 50.3 ± 12.1% with ADP, respectively). Doses of 100 and 162.5 mg aspirin produced significantly greater inhibition of platelet aggregation than lower doses (36.2 ± 11.7% and 38.5 ± 19.8% platelet aggregation with ADP, respectively).Conclusion:  Our results demonstrate that doses of aspirin less than 100 mg are not as effective at inhibiting platelet aggregation as doses greater than 100 mg. (Intern Med J 2003; 33: 350−354)
Complication rates of colonoscopy in an Australian teaching hospital environment
Authors: Viiala C. H. , Zimmerman M. , Cullen D. J. E. , Hoffman N. E. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract Background:  Quality assurance is an important part of health‐care delivery. With the high level of awareness relating to adverse events from medical care, demonstration of a high standard of practice in gastroenterology is desirable.Aims:  To determine the incidence of significant complications or death within 30 days of an outpatient colonoscopy, and confirm that these are in keeping with international standards.Methods:  A retrospective audit of linked endoscopy and other hospital databases and selected medical records was carried out, based on reports of 30 463 colon­oscopies performed between 5 September 1989 and 31 December 1999 in the three Western Australian public teaching hospitals.Results:  A total of 23 508 colonoscopies was performed on an outpatient basis between 5 September 1989 and 31 December 1999. Post‐procedural complications identified (and incidence) were: bleeding episodes 49 (0.21%), colonic perforation 23 (0.1%), abdominal pain 22 (0.09%), and others 19 (0.08%). A total of 196 patients died within 30 days of undergoing colonoscopy (0.83%), although only three deaths were attributable to the procedure itself (incidence 0.01%). Two were inpatients at the time of the procedure (outpatient mortality rate 0.004%). The combined incidence of bleeding and perforation was not significantly different between consultant endoscopists and unassisted trainees (incidence 0.21% vs 0.20%, P = 0.98).Conclusions:  The incidence of bleeding and perforation is similar to other reported series and reflects procedures performed by personnel with a wide range of endoscopic experience. The incidence of complications was not greater for trainees compared with consultant endoscopists. All bleeding episodes and the majority of per­forations were associated with a therapeutic intervention. Diagnostic colonoscopy in particular is a very safe procedure. (Intern Med J 2003; 33: 355−359)
Star fruit intoxication in uraemic patients: case series and review of the literature
Authors: Tse K‐C. , Yip P‐S. , Lam M‐F. , Choy B‐Y. , Li F‐K. , Lui S‐L. , Lo W‐K. , Chan T‐M. , Lai K‐N. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract Star fruit, belonging to the Oxalidaceae family, species Averrhoa carambola, is a popular fruit among Orientals. There have been reports of hiccup, confusion, and occasional fatal outcomes in uraemic patients after ingestion of star fruit. An excitatory neurotoxin from star fruit has been implicated although the exact nature of this toxic substance has not been identified. A group of seven patients is described from the dialysis centres at Queen Mary and Tung Wah Hospitals who developed symptoms including hiccup, confusion, vomiting, impaired consciousness, muscle twitching and hyperkalaemia shortly after ingestion of star fruit. Symptoms of most patients resolved after intensified dialysis or spontan­eously, and no mortality was observed. The close temporal relationship of ingestion of star fruit and onset of symptoms strongly suggests the existence of a causal relationship between the two. It is recommended that uraemic patients should totally abstain from star fruit due to these rare but potentially fatal complications. The clinical manifestations of other reported series and current evidence for the possible candidate(s) of the neurotoxin are discussed. (Intern Med J 2003; 33: 314−316)
A16. Low dose ethinyloestradiol combined oral contraceptive in acne vulgaris
Authors: Zelenkova H , Jautova J , Stracenska J 
Published: December 2004

Hormonal contraceptives have long been used successfully by dermatologists. Diane 35R (cyproterone acetate 1 mg, ethinyloestradiol 35 mg) is the preparation used most frequently in this respect. LoetteR (Wyeth‐Lederle Pharma GmbH) is a member of the group of combined oral contraceptives (COCs). It contains 100 mg levonorgestrelol and 20 mg ethinyloestradiol (EE) per tablet. In spite of the low dose of EE (20 mg), it has a high contraceptive efficiency (99%) that is comparable to the efficiency of combined oral contraceptives containing 30–35 mg EE. In addition to the obvious gynaecological treatment, LoetteR also has a notable value for dermatologists.LoetteR was applied in 15 female patients with acne of a moderate to intermediary grade that did not respond to conventional therapy.A significant reduction of the total number of lesions was apparent after the first two cycles of treatment. The evaluation of therapeutic effect and of other estimated parameters after three cycles of LoetteR application are reported.
The end of public housing as we know it: public housing policy, labor regulation and the US city
Authors: Crump Jeff R. 
Published: December 2004

In this article I argue that the US public housing policy, as codified by the Quality Housing and Work Responsibility Act of 1998 (QHWRA), is helping to reconfigure the racial and class structure of many inner cities. By promoting the demolition of public housing projects and replacement with mixed‐income housing developments, public housing policy is producing a gentrified inner‐city landscape designed to attract middle and upper‐class people back to the inner city. The goals of public housing policy are also broadly consonant with those of welfare reform wherein the ‘workfare’ system helps to bolster and produce the emergence of contingent low‐wage urban labor markets. In a similar manner, I argue that public housing demonstration programs, such as the ‘Welfare‐to‐Work’ initiative, encourage public housing residents to join the lowwage labor market. Although the rhetoric surrounding the demolition of public housing emphasizes the economic opportunities made available by residential mobility, I argue that former public housing residents are simply being relocated into private housing within urban ghettos. Such a spatial fix to the problems of unemployment and poverty will not solve the problems of inner‐city poverty. Will it take another round of urban riots before we seriously address the legacy of racism and discrimination that has shaped the US city?Cet article démontre que la politique du logement public américaine, telle que la réglemente la Loi de 1998, Quality Housing and Work Responsibility Act, contribue à remodeler la structure par races et classes de nombreux quartiers déshérités des centres‐villes. En favorisant la démolition d'ensembles de logements sociaux et leur remplacement par des complexes urbanisés à loyers variés, la politique publique génère un embourgeoisement des centres‐villes destinéà y ramener les classes moyennes et supérieures. Les objectifs de la politique du logement rejoignent largement ceux de la réforme sociale où le système de ‘l'allocation conditionnelle’ facilite et nourrit la création de marchés contingents du travail à bas salaires. De même, les programmes expérimentaux de logements publics, telle l'initiative Welfare‐to‐Work (De l'aide sociale au travail) poussent les habitants des logements sociaux à rejoindre le marchéde la main d'œuvre à bas salaires. Bien que les discours autour de la démolition des logements sociaux mettent en avant les ouvertures économiques créées par la mobilité résidentielle, leurs anciens habitants sont simplement en train d'être déplacés vers des logements privés situés dans des ghettos urbains. Ce genre de solution spatiale aux problèmes du chômage et de la pauvreté ne viendra pas à bout du dénuement des quartiers déshérités du centre. Faudra‐t‐il une autre série d'émeutes urbaines pour que l'on aborde sérieusement l'héritage de racisme et de discrimination qui a façonné les villes américaines?
Rejoinder: Alex Schwartz's critique of ‘The end of public housing as we know it’
Authors: Crump Jeff R. 
Published: December 2004

In this article I argue that the US public housing policy, as codified by the Quality Housing and Work Responsibility Act of 1998 (QHWRA), is helping to reconfigure the racial and class structure of many inner cities. By promoting the demolition of public housing projects and replacement with mixed‐income housing developments, public housing policy is producing a gentrified inner‐city landscape designed to attract middle and upper‐class people back to the inner city. The goals of public housing policy are also broadly consonant with those of welfare reform wherein the ‘workfare’ system helps to bolster and produce the emergence of contingent low‐wage urban labor markets. In a similar manner, I argue that public housing demonstration programs, such as the ‘Welfare‐to‐Work’ initiative, encourage public housing residents to join the lowwage labor market. Although the rhetoric surrounding the demolition of public housing emphasizes the economic opportunities made available by residential mobility, I argue that former public housing residents are simply being relocated into private housing within urban ghettos. Such a spatial fix to the problems of unemployment and poverty will not solve the problems of inner‐city poverty. Will it take another round of urban riots before we seriously address the legacy of racism and discrimination that has shaped the US city?Cet article démontre que la politique du logement public américaine, telle que la réglemente la Loi de 1998, Quality Housing and Work Responsibility Act, contribue à remodeler la structure par races et classes de nombreux quartiers déshérités des centres‐villes. En favorisant la démolition d'ensembles de logements sociaux et leur remplacement par des complexes urbanisés à loyers variés, la politique publique génère un embourgeoisement des centres‐villes destinéà y ramener les classes moyennes et supérieures. Les objectifs de la politique du logement rejoignent largement ceux de la réforme sociale oú le système de ‘l'allocation conditionnelle' facilite et nourrit la création de marchés contingents du travail à bas salaires. De même, les programmes expérimentaux de logements publics, telle l'initiative Welfare‐to‐Work (De l'aide sociale au travail) poussent les habitants des logements sociaux à rejoindre le marchéde la main d'œuvre à bas salaires. Bien que les discours autour de la démolition des logements sociaux mettent en avant les ouvertures économiques créées par la mobilité résidentielle, leurs anciens habitants sont simplement en train d'être déplacés vers des logements privés situés dans des ghettos urbains. Ce genre de solution spatiale aux problèmes du chômage et de la pauvreté ne viendra pas à bout du dénuement des quartiers déshérités du centre. Faudra‐t‐il une autre série d'émeutes urbaines pour que l'on aborde sérieusement l'héritage de racisme et de discrimination qui a façonné les villes américaines?
Danger signals derived from stressed and necrotic epithelial cells activate human eosinophils
Authors: Stenfeldt Anna‐Lena , Wennerås Christine 
Published: December 2004

SummaryEosinophilic granulocytes are found in tissues with an interface with the external environment, such as the gastrointestinal, genitourinary and respiratory tracts. These leucocytes have been associated with tissue damage in a variety of diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether necrotic epithelial cells can activate eosinophils. The danger theory postulates that cells of the innate immune system primarily recognize substances that signal danger to the host. We damaged epithelial cell lines derived from the genital (HeLa cells), respiratory (HEp‐2 cells) and intestinal tracts (HT29 cells) and assessed their capacity to cause eosinophilic migration, release of putative tissue‐damaging factors, such as eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), as well as secretion of tissue‐healing factors, e.g. fibroblast growth factors (FGF)‐1 and ‐2 and transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1. We found that necrotic intestinal cells induced chemotaxis in human eosinophils. EPO release was elicited in eosinophils stimulated with necrotic cells derived from all cell lines, as well as from viable HEp‐2 and HT29 cells. Release of ECP was only seen in eosinophils incubated with necrotic intestinal or genital cells, not viable ones. Both necrotic intestinal and genital cells elicited FGF‐2 secretion from eosinophils. TGF‐β1 was released from eosinophils exposed to viable and necrotic HT29 cells. These findings indicate that eosinophils are able to recognize and be activated by danger signals released from damaged epithelial cells, which may be of importance in understanding the role of eosinophils in the various inflammatory conditions in which they are involved.
Purification, cDNA cloning and expression of an insect defensin from the great wax moth,Galleria mellonella
Authors: Lee Y. S. , Yun E. K. , Jang W. S. , Kim I. , Lee J. H. , Park S. Y. , Ryu K. S. , Seo S. J. , Kim C. H. , Lee I. H. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractAn insect defensin, namedGalleriadefensin, was purified from the larval haemolymph ofGalleria mellonellaimmunized againstE. coli. The peptide was composed of forty‐three amino acid residues containing six cysteines that might be engaged in intramolecular disulphide bridges. The primary structure ofGalleriadefensin shared about 90.7% identity to that of heliomicin, which was an insect defensin isolated fromHeliothis virescens. The full‐length cDNA encodingGalleriadefensin was cloned from the fat body of the immunizedG. mellonellalarvae. Northern blot analysis revealed thatGalleriadefensin was expressed not only in the fat body but also in the midgut against invading bacteria into haemocoel. This is the first report presenting cDNA and expression of an insect defensin in the lepidopteran species.
Breast‐feeding and early childhood caries: an assessment among Brazilian infants
Authors: ROSENBLATT A. , ZARZAR P. 
Published: December 2004

Summary.Objectives.  The purpose of the present study was to evaluate early childhood caries among 12–36‐month‐old children from families living in poor socio‐economic conditions in the city of Recife, Brazil, its association with the type and duration of feeding (e.g. natural, sugared, bottle and glass), as well as the relationship between a supplementary diet and the occurrence of this type of caries.Methods.  The present study consisted of a visual clinical examination of teeth that had been previously cleaned with gauze. This was carried out under natural light in a waiting room. Four calibrated examiners performed the examination and the kappa test value was 8·0. The parents or guardians were interviewed for the following information: name, address, age, type of feeding, number of sugary meals, sugar intake and habitual diet. Some 468 children were included in this study. Their ages ranged from 12 to 36 months. The sample was comprised of 222 (47·4%) males and 246 females (52·6%).Results.  Of the 468 children included in this study, 133 (28·4%) had caries. Only 59 (12·6%) of the children examined had been breast‐fed, 20 (33·9%) of whom presented with caries. Three hundred and twenty‐seven (69·9%) subjects had been bottle‐fed with sugared milk, 86 (26%) of whom had caries. Two hundred and eight children had five or more sugary meals per day, 70 (33·6%) of whom had caries. No statistically significant relationship was seen between breast‐feeding and the prevalence of tooth decay.Conclusions.  The results of the present study show that the prevalence of early childhood caries in 12–36‐month‐old children from poor backgrounds in Recife is in accordance with the rate found in other Brazilian cities and is extremely high compared with that of the world population as a whole. Early childhood caries was not clearly related to the type of feeding in this sample. The prevalence of early childhood caries increased with age, and the number of sugary snacks between meals and a cariogenic diet were strongly related to early childhood caries. The lack of fluoridated water and high rates of early childhood caries in lead the authors to suggest that fluoride dentifrice should be introduced at 12 months of age as a fluoride supplement and an important aid in the prevention of childhood caries. Additional studies in different cultures and societies need to be undertaken before a definitive conclusion can be drawn.
Congenitally missing maxillary permanent canines: report of 32 cases from an ethnic Chinese population
Authors: CHO S. Y. , LEE C. K. , CHAN J. C. Y. 
Published: December 2004

Summary.Cases of congenitally missing permanent teeth involving only maxillary canines are uncommon. Prevalence studies have revealed that it is a rare finding in Caucasian populations, but it may be relatively more common in Asian groups. This report describes radiographic findings in 32 Chinese children with congenitally missing maxillary permanent canines. The aetiology of such an anomaly is obscure, but the racial difference in prevalence suggests that genetic factors may be more influential than environmental ones.
Severe incisor resorption by impacted maxillary canines: case report and literature review
Authors: NUTE S. J. 
Published: December 2004

Summary.This paper reviews the literature relating to incisor resorption caused by impacted maxillary canines, and describes the presentation and management of a patient with unusually severe early resorption. This case highlights the need for careful monitoring of maxillary canine eruption for all paediatric patients.