bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of H2 Plasma‐Induced Damage in Materials for EUV Lithography
Authors: Choe Eun‐Seok , Choi Seungwook , Kim Ansoon , Kim Kwan‐Yong , Yeom Hee‐Jung , Yoon Min Young , Hong Seongwan , Kim Dong‐Wook , Kim Jung‐Hyung , Lee Hyo‐Chang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractUltrafine semiconductor fabrication by lithography has undergone a significant transition from deep ultraviolet (DUV) to extreme ultraviolet (EUV) processes, which presents new challenges. Specifically, the damage caused to components utilized in an EUV system, such as multilayer mirrors, reticles, and pellicles within lithography equipment, owing to EUV‐induced H2 plasma, is a critical issue that directly affects the process yield and equipment lifespan. To address these issues, it is crucial to establish an environment similar to that of EUV‐induced plasma and develop a method to evaluate the resulting damage. Accordingly, an evaluation method is developed for assessing the material damage caused by hydrogen radicals and ions in inductively coupled H2 plasma. In these systems, the electron density ranged from 5 × 108 to 3.5 × 1010 cm−3, the electron temperature ranged from 1 to 4 eV, and the ion energy ranged from several to tens of eV; these conditions closely align with the environment of an EUV‐induced H2 plasma. The damage to Mo2C, a potential EUV pellicle material, is quantitatively analyzed by measuring the fraction of the pore area and examining the chemical characteristics after exposing the samples to various plasma conditions, including electron density, gas pressure, and exposure time.
Magnetically Functionalized Hydrogels for High‐Throughput Genomic Applications
Authors: Lammertse Evan , Li Siran , Kendall Jude , Kim Catherine , Morris Patrick , Ranade Nissim , Levy Dan , Wigler Michael , Brouzes Eric 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSingle‐cell genomics has revolutionized tissue analysis by revealing the genetic program of individual cells. The key aspect of the technology is the use of barcoded beads to unambiguously tag sequences originating from a single cell. The generation of unique barcodes on beads is mainly achieved by split–pooling methods, which are labor‐intensive due to repeated washing steps. Toward the automation of the split–pooling method, a simple method to magnetize hydrogel beads is developed. The results show that these hydrogel beads provide increased yields and washing efficiencies for purification procedures. They are also fully compatible with single‐cell sequencing using the BAG‐seq workflow. The work opens the automation of the split–pooling technique, which will improve single‐cell genomic workflows.
Nature‐Driven Edible Black Soldier Fly (BSF) Insect Larvae Derived Chitin Biofilm for Sustainable Multifunctional Energy Harvesting
Authors: Patil Swapnil R. , Chougale Mahesh Y. , Kim Jungmin , Shaukat Rayyan Ali , Noman Muhammad , Saqib Qazi Muhammad , Patil Chandrashekhar S. , Ghode Sourabh B. , Dongale Tukaram D. , Dubal Deepak , Bae Jinho 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWith the increasing demand for portable electronic devices and the shortage of conventional energy resources, energy harvesting from natural resources has gained much attention. Herein, they proposed a black soldier fly (BSF) derived chitin biofilm to fabricate high‐performance triboelectric and piezoelectric nanogenerators. The physiochemical characterizations of the chitin biofilm are demonstrated by the presence of the hydroxyl group, alpha chitin, and beta chitin, which are responsible for the remarkable tribopositive, and piezoelectric function of the chitin derived from BSF. The electrical performance of the proposed work, such as voltage, current, and instantaneous power from BSF/PTFE‐based triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) are exhibited at 121 V, 15 µA, and 217.8 µW, respectively. Ag/BSF/Ag piezoelectric nanogenerator (PENG) is generated 18 V voltage, 2.2 µA current, and 5 µW instantaneous power. Moreover, the proposed TENG and PENG devices demonstrate the ability to charge the dielectric capacitors and drive low‐power electronic devices like LEDs and a calculator. The proposed results suggested that chitin is a superior biomaterial for developing sustainable energy harvesting devices.
Pharmacokinetics and Biodistribution of Phages and their Current Applications in Antimicrobial Therapy
Authors: Kang Dayeon , Bagchi Damayanti , Chen Irene A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAntimicrobial resistance remains a critical global health concern, necessitating the investigation of alternative therapeutic approaches. With the diminished efficacy of conventional small molecule drugs due to the emergence of highly resilient bacterial strains, there is growing interest in the potential for alternative therapeutic modalities. As naturally occurring viruses of bacteria, bacteriophage (or phage) are being re‐envisioned as a platform to engineer properties that can be tailored to target specific bacterial strains and employ diverse antibacterial mechanisms. However, limited understanding of key pharmacological properties of phage is a major challenge to translating its use from preclinical to clinical settings. Here, this work reviews modern advancements in phage‐based antimicrobial therapy and discusses the in vivo pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of phage, addressing critical challenges in their application that must be overcome for successful clinical implementation.
Enhanced Anti‐Photoaging Effects of Adipose‐Derived Stem Cell (ADSC) Secretome via Liposomal and Iontophoretic Intradermal Delivery
Authors: Shin Eunhye , Kim Jeong‐Uk , Ko Junghyeon , Koh Rachel H. , Kim Junhee , Park Su‐Bin , An Young‐Hyeon , Hwang Nathaniel S. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe growing societal concern regarding skin aging caused by ultraviolet (UV) exposure has spurred the quest for effective therapeutic solutions. Among these, secreted factors derived from adipose‐derived stem cells (ADSC) have emerged as promising candidates with anti‐photoaging properties. The secretome of ADSC stimulates resident fibroblasts, triggering antioxidant effects and promoting the synthesis of the extracellular matrix, thus counteracting the effects of photoaging. In this study, the potential of dried ADSC secretome (AD‐Sc), obtained through a compressed fluid antisolvent process, is assessed as an anti‐photoaging agent. In addition, liposome nanocarriers are used to encapsulate AD‐Sc (Sc_Lipo) to enhance its delivery efficiency. The findings demonstrate that both AD‐Sc and Sc_Lipo effectively reduce reactive oxygen species levels in UV‐damaged human fibroblasts, upregulate the expression of HAS1 and COL1, and inhibit MMP2. Moreover, it is discovered that reverse electrodialysis (RED)‐driven iontophoresis improves the intradermal delivery of Sc_Lipo, as validated in an ex vivo porcine skin. Finally, in an in vivo UV‐induced wrinkling mice model, the Lipo+RED group shows noticeable skin photoaging improvements. This study provides additional evidence that a combined intradermal delivery system for AD‐Sc may represent a viable therapeutic approach for mitigating and preventing photoaging in clinical settings.
Diselenophene‐Dithioalkylthiophene Based Quinoidal Small Molecules for Ambipolar Organic Field Effect Transistors
Authors: Velusamy Arulmozhi , Chen Yen‐Yu , Lin Meng‐Hao , Afraj Shakil N. , Liu Jia‐Hao , Chen Ming‐Chou , Liu Cheng‐Liang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis work presents a series of novel quinoidal organic semiconductors based on diselenophene‐dithioalkylthiophene (DSpDST) conjugated cores with various side‐chain lengths (‐thiohexyl, ‐thiodecyl, and ‐thiotetradecyl, designated DSpDSTQ‐6, DSpDSTQ‐10, and DSpDSTQ‐14, respectively). The purpose of this research is to develop solution‐processable organic semiconductors using dicyanomethylene end‐capped organic small molecules for organic field effect transistors (OFETs) application. The physical, electrochemical, and electrical properties of these new DSpDSTQs are systematically studied, along with their performance in OFETs and thin film morphologies. Additionally, the molecular structures of DSpDSTQ are determined through density functional theory (DFT) calculations and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. The results reveal the presence of intramolecular S (alkyl)···Se (selenophene) interactions, which result in a planar SR‐containing DSpDSTQ core, thereby promoting extended π‐orbital interactions and efficient charge transport in the OFETs. Moreover, the influence of thioalkyl side chain length on surface morphologies and microstructures is investigated. Remarkably, the compound with the shortest thioalkyl chain, DSpDSTQ‐6, demonstrates ambipolar carrier transport with the highest electron and hole mobilities of 0.334 and 0.463 cm2 V−1 s−1, respectively. These findings highlight the excellence of ambipolar characteristics of solution‐processable OFETs based on DSpDSTQs even under ambient conditions.
Serum Bile Acids Improve Prediction of Alzheimer's Progression in a Sex‐Dependent Manner
Authors: Chen Tianlu , Wang Lu , Xie Guoxiang , Kristal Bruce S. , Zheng Xiaojiao , Sun Tao , Arnold Matthias , Louie Gregory , Li Mengci , Wu Lirong , Mahmoudiandehkordi Siamak , Sniatynski Matthew J. , Borkowski Kamil , Guo Qihao , Kuang Junliang , Wang Jieyi , Nho Kwangsik , Ren Zhenxing , Kueider‐Paisley Alexandra , Blach Colette , Kaddurah‐Daouk Rima , Jia Wei ,   Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) and the Alzheimer Disease Metabolomics Consortium (ADMC)
Published: December 2023

AbstractSex disparities in serum bile acid (BA) levels and Alzheimer's disease (AD) prevalence have been established. However, the precise link between changes in serum BAs and AD development remains elusive. Here, authors quantitatively determined 33 serum BAs and 58 BA features in 4 219 samples collected from 1 180 participants from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. The findings revealed that these BA features exhibited significant correlations with clinical stages, encompassing cognitively normal (CN), early and late mild cognitive impairment, and AD, as well as cognitive performance. Importantly, these associations are more pronounced in men than women. Among participants with progressive disease stages (n = 660), BAs underwent early changes in men, occurring before AD. By incorporating BA features into diagnostic and predictive models, positive enhancements are achieved for all models. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve improved from 0.78 to 0.91 for men and from 0.76 to 0.83 for women for the differentiation of CN and AD. Additionally, the key findings are validated in a subset of participants (n = 578) with cerebrospinal fluid amyloid‐beta and tau levels. These findings underscore the role of BAs in AD progression, offering potential improvements in the accuracy of AD prediction.
Fabrication of stable and selective non‐noble metal catalysts for selective alkyne hydrogenation
Authors: Yu He , Song Yuanfei , Zheng Tianci , McCue Alan J. , Zheng Lirong , Chen Weipei , Feng Junting , Zhang Zhe , Liu Yanan , Li Dianqing 
Published: December 2023

AbstractModification of Ni/Al2O3 catalysts with Sn is appealing for tuning catalyst activity and selectivity for hydrogenation reactions. However, a strong interaction between the Al2O3 and Sn ions can lead to problems when a traditional impregnation strategy is employed. For example, tin aluminate complexes can form and uneven distribution of the metals can occur. In this work, a support coordination induction strategy is developed, in which the use of a rod‐shaped Al2O3 with a high number penta‐coordinated Al3+ surface species prepared from a rotating liquid film reactor was used. The unsaturated Al3+ coordination sites on this support induce the formation of a stable and uniform Ni‐Sn intermetallic phase without the appearance of either monometallic Ni or SnO2 particles. This uniform Ni‐Sn intermetallic phase was then shown to be responsible for enhanced activity, selectivity, and stability for alkyne hydrogenation relative to samples which lacked the same level of Ni‐Sn uniformity.
Atomic decoration of Pt on Co nanoparticles for enhanced oxidative esterification performances
Authors: Zhao Xin , Fang Ruiqi , Shen Zirong , Wang Fengliang , Li Yingwei 
Published: December 2023

AbstractTransition‐metal catalysts with metal nanoparticles (NPs) as active sites are widely utilized in various reactions. In this work, we report the atomic decoration of Pt upon Co NPs for enhanced catalytic performances in oxidation esterification. Systematical characterizations imply the single‐atom nature and homogeneous distribution of Pt throughout the formed single‐atom alloy (SAA). The synergistic interactions between Pt and Co lead to significant charge redistribution and up‐shifted density of states (DOS) toward the Fermi level, which are verified favorable for the adsorption and activation of substrates. The esterification performances of Pt1Co@C are evaluated in the transformation of 54 kinds of aromatic alcohols (5‐hydromethylfurfural, furfural, and benzyl alcohols) into the corresponding mono‐ and diesters. Pt1Co@C shows not only remarkably enhanced reactivity but also reliable durability in both batch and continuous flow reactors. Mechanism investigations clearly reveal the rapid transformation of 5‐hydromethylfurfural over Pt1Co@C through a simplified route with reduced energy barriers.
Immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis: 2024 update on diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment
Authors: Gertz Morie A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDisease OverviewImmunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis is a clonal, nonproliferative plasma cell disorder in which fragments of immunoglobulin light or heavy chain are deposited in tissues. Clinical features depend on organs involved but can include heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, nephrotic syndrome, hepatic dysfunction, peripheral/autonomic neuropathy, and “atypical smoldering multiple myeloma or MGUS.”DiagnosisTissue biopsy stained with Congo red demonstrating amyloid deposits with apple‐green birefringence is required for the diagnosis of AL amyloidosis. Organ biopsy is not required in 85% of patients. Verification that amyloid is composed of immunoglobulin light chains is mandatory. The gold standard is laser capture mass spectroscopy.PrognosisN‐terminal pro–brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP or BNP), serum troponin T(or I), and difference between involved and uninvolved immunoglobulin free light chain values are used to classify patients into four stages; 5‐year survivals are 82%, 62%, 34%, and 20%, respectively.TherapyAll patients with a systemic amyloid syndrome require therapy to prevent deposition of amyloid in other organs and prevent progressive organ failure. Current first‐line therapy with the best outcome is daratumumab, bortezomib, cyclophosphamide, and dexamethasone. The goal of therapy is a ≥VGPR. In patients failing to achieve this depth of response options for consolidation include pomalidomide, stem cell transplantation, venetoclax, and bendamustine.Future ChallengesDelayed diagnosis remains a major obstacle to initiating effective therapy prior to the development of end‐stage organ failure. Trials of antibodies to deplete deposited fibrils are underway.
Intramolekulare Triplett‐Diffusion erleichtert die Triplett‐Dissoziation in einem Pentacen‐Hexamer
Authors: Greißel Phillip M. , Thiel Dominik , Gotfredsen Henrik , Chen Lan , Krug Marcel , Papadopoulos Ilias , Miskolzie Mark , Torres Tomás , Clark Timothy , Brøndsted Nielsen Mogens , Tykwinski Rik R. , Guldi Dirk M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDie Triplett‐Dynamik bei der Singulettspaltung hängt stark von der Stärke der elektronischen Kopplung ab. Kovalente Systeme in Lösung bieten eine präzise Kontrolle über solche Kopplungen. Dennoch bleibt die effiziente Erzeugung freier Triplett‐Zustände in den meisten Systemen schwer fassbar, da das intermediäre Triplett‐Paar 1(T1T1) aufgrund seiner räumlichen Begrenzung anfällig für Triplett‐Triplett‐Annihilation ist. Im Festkörper unterstützt die durch Entropie angetriebene Triplett‐Diffusion die räumliche Trennung der Triplett‐Zustände, was zu vermehrten Bildung freier Triplett‐Zustände führt. Einfluss auf die elektronische Kopplung im Festkörper zu nehmen ist jedoch herausfordernd, da sie sich mit der Anordnung der Moleküle im Festkörper ändert.. Daher haben wir ein hexameres System (HexPnc) entwickelt, um eine festkörperähnliche Triplett‐Diffusion auf molekularer Ebene zu ermöglichen. Dieses System besteht aus drei Pentacen‐Dimeren, die kovalent an ein zentrales Subphthalocyanin gebunden sind. Transiente Absorptionsspektroskopie, ergänzt durch theoretische Strukturoptimierungen und stationäre Spektroskopie, zeigt, dass die Triplett‐Diffusion tatsächlich durch intramolekulare Clusterbildung erleichtert wird. Die Ausbildung freier Triplett‐Zustände in HexPnc ist im Vergleich zum entsprechenden dimeren Referenzsystem (DiPnc) bis zu 14‐mal höher. Somit etabliert HexPnc entscheidende Designaspekte für die effiziente Triplett‐Dissoziation in stark gekoppelten Systemen, indem es Wege für die diffusive Trennung von 1(T1T1) aufzeigt. Gleichzeitig wird jedoch eine starke interchromophore Kopplung beibehalten, die die schnelle Bildung von 1(T1T1) nicht einschränkt.
Multiphasic Continuous‐Flow Reactors for Handling Gaseous Reagents in Organic Synthesis: Enhancing Efficiency and Safety in Chemical Processes
Authors: Laporte Annechien A. H. , Masson Tom M. , Zondag Stefan D. A. , Noël Timothy 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe use of reactive gaseous reagents for the production of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) remains a scientific challenge due to safety and efficiency limitations. The implementation of continuous‐flow reactors has resulted in rapid development of gas‐handling technology because of several advantages such as increased interfacial area, improved mass‐ and heat transfer, and seamless scale‐up. This technology enables shorter and more atom‐economic synthesis routes for the production of pharmaceutical compounds. Herein, we provide an overview of literature from 2016 onwards in the development of gas‐handling continuous‐flow technology as well as the use of gases in functionalization of APIs.
Reversal of Regioselectivity in Asymmetric C−H Bond Annulation with Bromoalkynes under Cobalt Catalysis**
Authors: Das Abir , Mandal Rajib , Ravi Sankar Harihara Subramanian , Kumaran Subramani , Premkumar J. Richard , Borah Dipanti , Sundararaju Basker 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMetal‐catalyzed asymmetric C−H bond annulation strategy offers a versatile platform, allowing the construction of complex P‐chiral molecules through atom‐ and step‐economical fashion. However, regioselective insertion of π‐coupling partner between M−C bond with high enantio‐induction remain elusive. Using commercially available Co(II) salt and chiral‐Salox ligands, we demonstrate an unusual protocol for the regio‐reversal, enantioselective C−H bond annulation of phosphinamide with bromoalkyne through desymmetrization. The reaction proceeds through ligand‐assisted enantiodetermining cyclocobaltation followed by regioselective insertion of bromoalkyne between Co−C, subsequent reductive elimination, and halogen exchange with carboxylate resulted in P‐stereogenic compounds in excellent ee (up to >99 %). The isolation of cobaltacycle involved in the catalytic cycle and the outcome of control experiments provide support for a plausible mechanism.
Intramolecular Triplet Diffusion Facilitates Triplet Dissociation in a Pentacene Hexamer
Authors: Greißel Phillip M. , Thiel Dominik , Gotfredsen Henrik , Chen Lan , Krug Marcel , Papadopoulos Ilias , Miskolzie Mark , Torres Tomás , Clark Timothy , Brøndsted Nielsen Mogens , Tykwinski Rik R. , Guldi Dirk M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractTriplet dynamics in singlet fission depend strongly on the strength of the electronic coupling. Covalent systems in solution offer precise control over such couplings. Nonetheless, efficient free triplet generation remains elusive in most systems, as the intermediate triplet pair 1(T1T1) is prone to triplet‐triplet annihilation due to its spatial confinement. In the solid state, entropically driven triplet diffusion assists in the spatial separation of triplets, resulting in higher yields of free triplets. Control over electronic coupling in the solid state is, however, challenging given its sensitivity to molecular packing. We have thus developed a hexameric system (HexPnc) to enable solid‐state‐like triplet diffusion at the molecular scale. This system is realized by covalently tethering three pentacene dimers to a central subphthalocyanine scaffold. Transient absorption spectroscopy, complemented by theoretical structural optimizations and steady‐state spectroscopy, reveals that triplet diffusion is indeed facilitated due to intramolecular cluster formation. The yield of free triplets in HexPnc is increased by a factor of up to 14 compared to the corresponding dimeric reference (DiPnc). Thus, HexPnc establishes crucial design aspects for achieving efficient triplet dissociation in strongly coupled systems by providing avenues for diffusive separation of 1(T1T1), while, concomitantly, retaining strong interchromophore coupling which preserves rapid formation of 1(T1T1).
Molecular Engineering of Perylene Diimide Polymers with a Robust Built‐in Electric Field for Enhanced Solar‐Driven Water Splitting
Authors: Chen Yi‐Jing , Zhang Jun‐Zheng , Wu Zhi‐Xing , Qiao Ying‐Xin , Zheng Lei , Wondu Dagnaw Fentahun , Tong Qing‐Xiao , Jian Jing‐Xin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe built‐in electric field of the polymer semiconductors could be regulated by the dipole moment of its building blocks, thereby promoting the separation of photogenerated carriers and achieving efficient solar‐driven water splitting. Herein, three perylene diimide (PDI) polymers, namely oPDI, mPDI and pPDI, are synthesized with different phenylenediamine linkers. Notably, the energy level structure, light‐harvesting efficiency, and photogenerated carrier separation and migration of polymers are regulated by the orientation of PDI unit. Among them, oPDI enables a large dipole moment and robust built‐in electric field, resulting in enhanced solar‐driven water splitting performance. Under simulated sunlight irradiation, oPDI exhibits the highest photocurrent of 115.1 μA cm−2 for photoelectrochemical oxygen evolution, which is 11.5 times that of mPDI, 26.8 times that of pPDI and 104.6 times that of its counterparts PDI monomer at the same conditions. This work provides a strategy for designing polymers by regulating the orientation of structural units to construct efficient solar energy conversion systems.
Enzyme‐Catalyzed Oxidative Degradation of Ergothioneine
Authors: Nalivaiko Egor Y. , Vasseur Camille M. , Seebeck Florian P. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractErgothioneine is a sulfur‐containing metabolite that is produced by bacteria and fungi, and is absorbed by plants and animals as a micronutrient. Ergothioneine reacts with harmful oxidants, including singlet oxygen and hydrogen peroxide, and may therefore protect cells against oxidative stress. Herein we describe two enzymes from actinobacteria that cooperate in the specific oxidative degradation of ergothioneine. The first enzyme is an iron‐dependent thiol dioxygenase that produces ergothioneine sulfinic acid. A crystal structure of ergothioneine dioxygenase from Thermocatellispora tengchongensis reveals many similarities with cysteine dioxygenases, suggesting that the two enzymes share a common mechanism. The second enzyme is a metal‐dependent ergothioneine sulfinic acid desulfinase that produces Nα‐trimethylhistidine and SO2. The discovery that certain actinobacteria contain the enzymatic machinery for O2‐dependent biosynthesis and O2‐dependent degradation of ergothioneine indicates that these organisms may actively manage their ergothioneine content.