bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ice Carnivals, Camels, and Sunday Trombones
Authors: Lankton Larry 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As life and landscape transformed together on the Keweenaw between the early 1840s and early 1870s, settlers enjoyed more security, comfort, and civility. Fewer people coasted along hazardous shores in canoes or other small boats; instead, they booked passage on schooners, side-wheeler steamboats, or propeller ships. Fewer pushed their way through swamps or thickets; instead, they traveled over roads, perhaps even a turnpike or railroad. Fewer were “tanned like Indians,” because frontier society, as it evolved, relocated settlers from the great outdoors to the indoors. And fewer lived like rough-and-tumble vagabonds, packing their possessions from place to place, sleeping on the ground with only a tent overhead; instead, settlers returned night after night to the same shelter and bed.
The harshest of frontier conditions eroded, and the amenities of everyday life multiplied. The days of “indomitable explorers” passed, giving way to the days of more ordinary, less colorful managers, merchants, and working-class men, women, and children. But life on the Keweenaw only became easier; it did not become easy.
East African Ecosystems And Their Conservation
Authors: McClanahan T R , Young T P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
East Africa is one of the most diverse and interesting tropical area on the planet. It is home not only to the last great megafaunal assemblage, but also to human populations with the highest growth rates. This book draws on the expertise of leading ecologists, each intimately familiar with a particular set of East African ecosystems, to provide the first in-depth and integrated account of the ecology, management, threats, and conservation of these diverse ecosystems. Summarizing the tremendous wealth of scientific research that has come out of East Africa in the last few decades, each chapter analyses a given ecosystem type, taking the reader through the basics of its ecology, its historical use (and misuse) by humans, and its prospects for conservation. Throughout the book, linkages and similarities among ecosystems are emphasized, the historical and contemporary role of humans in shaping these ecosystems is considered, fundamental principles of ecology are considered, and interesting case studies are highlighted. Students and researchers in ecology, conservation biology, and environmental sciences will find this book useful in their work.
The Miombo Woodlands
Authors: Rodgers W A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter on the miombo woodlands follows from the previous more generalized chapter on East African savannas. The miombo is, however, much more than a mere variant of the typical East African savanna. Covering some 50% of Tanzania it is the largest single vegetation type in East Africa. It links East Africa floristically and ecologically to south-central Africa. The miombo is distinct in its mixture of climatic and soil characteristics. The unimodal rainfall pattern, and prolonged dry season with severe fires, influence miombo ecology differently from that of savannas with two rainfall peaks per year. In species composition the miombo is largely distinct at the generic level for trees and, therefore, in many aspects of its ecology.
The Quest for Remote Viewing
Authors: Hecht Jeff 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Europe and America were fertile ground for new ideas at the end of the nineteenth century. The great Victorian exhibitions illustrated the wonders of the age. Their illuminated fountains displayed light guiding for all to see; in the halls, visitors saw glass fibers and fabrics. Scientists marveled at the fine quartz fibers Charles Vernon Boys made for his instruments. Innovations in lighting tickled the imaginations of inventors. They sought ways to make moving pictures, and to view events remotely, by sending pictures as well as the sounds they could hear on the telephone. A few realized that arrays of many glass rods or fibers could carry the patterns of light we call images.
99 Percent Perspiration
Authors: Hecht Jeff 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A good idea is not enough to launch a new technology, as the cases of C. W. Hansell, Heinrich Lamm, and Holger Møller Hansen testify. It takes a critical mass of credible evidence to get the idea rolling, careful engineering and a technological infrastructure to make practical devices, and money and marketing savvy to sell them.
The Last Mile
Authors: Hecht Jeff 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The last mile has been the hardest for fiber optics. Optical fibers carry both telephone and cable television signals to your town or neighborhood, but except for a few experimental systems, the threads of glass do not reach homes. Somewhere within few miles of your home the fibers end in a box, which converts their optical signals into electrical form and sends them to copper wires. Telephone calls go over simple pairs of wires; cable television uses coaxial cable, a thin central wire surrounded by an insulator, which in turn is sheathed within a metal tube, then covered by protective plastic.
The hard act to follow: Hank Williams and the legacy of hard country stardom
Authors: Ching Barbara 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Hank Williams hardened country music in several ways. His songs, often reminiscent of early Tin Pan Alley or sentimental, old-fashioned ballads, form only part of his legacy. He coupled this atavistic aura with an exciting new drive and a dramatic voice. His lyrics dangled in an equally delicate balance. Country artists sang confessional honky-tonk songs and lost-love laments before Williams. What he did, by writing so many of his own songs, was turn the country singer into a complex character. In fact, he sang as at least two characters. Most often, he was Hank Williams, a deathly thin yet intensely alive presence who sang about his own agony without aestheticizing it; if anything, he tried, and of course failed, to anesthetize it. Nevertheless, because of his defeat, drug and alcohol abuse are now among the defining features of hard country. In a world of straight thinkers, Williams (and the hard acts that followed him) sang at the extremes of high or low, stoned or painfully sober. When he sang as his alter ego Luke the Drifter, though, he universalized and stigmatized this wayward condition. His death at age 29—euphemistically ascribed to heart failure—added a compelling twist, proof that the honky-tonk blues were as fatal as his songs said they were. The rigors of his job killed him, and its solaces failed him just as they would so many in postwar urban America.
Ideologies Of Gender And The Social Positioning Of Women
Authors: Berman Laine 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter introduces the broader community into the analysis of Javanese women’s discourse and identity. Initially, we examine the role of ideology as a tool of power, after which we look at the official Indonesian ideologies on women and their roles in the state. To see how the ideological positioning of women functions in practice, I discuss how language conventions assist our understanding of gender. Then, we explore in brief how women are portrayed in the mass media. By focusing specifically on themes of violence toward women, we see how cinema, literature, and the press frame gender roles in terms of responsibility. In conjunction to the media representations of women, I present excerpts from letters written by rape victims to a women’s crisis center to show how the ideological positioning of women has framed their perceptions of self. Finally, this chapter shows how both gender and class ideologies combine to marginalize the urban, working-class women whose narratives make up the corpus on which this study of language and identity is based.
Empowering the Powerless: The Coconstruction of Experience
Authors: Berman Laine 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter and the two following explore different facets of participation and the related issue of responsibility as they give structure and meaning to three situated sequences of narratives. Sari, the second daughter in the Budi family, was the central speaker in each of the three situations. But each of the storytelling contexts involved different participants who interpreted and hence performed their roles in the speech event in accordance with that interpretation. I have argued that meaning is strongly tied to social context and it is through these stories that we begin to see how aspects of meaning are actively shaped. We specifically learn to recognize how participation in a conversation is synonymous with being responsible for it. Responsibility here has a wide range. Initially, we need to keep in mind that there is no freedom of speech in this society and that disagreement or conflict of whatever kind tends to be avoided. Furthermore, it is my intention to show that these Javanese speakers do not reflexively see their “tradition” as oppressive but rather actively participate in sustaining it as a high cultural ideal. With a tradition of refinement and elegance in all social interactions as the backdrop, these Javanese speakers are acutely aware that words released into the public sphere carry consequences. These situations illustrate the extent to which the story is linked to a sociocentric framework that begins with the participants and extends into the broader domain of community membership and the elements of hierarchy that shape it.
Roger Sessions
Authors: Prausnitz Frederik 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Composer Roger Sessions was a commanding figure on the American musical scene. He enjoyed the solid respect of his peers, and as a teacher of a generation of composers and author of compelling writings on his craft, his influence on musical thought remains profound. Yet, even in his lifetime, his music endured vastly disrespectful neglect. He was a "difficult" composer. Sessions was well aware of it. In a New York Times article, he wrote, "I have sometimes been told that my music is 'difficult' for the listener. There are those who consider this as praise, those who consider it a reproach. For my part I regard it as, in itself, neither one or the other...it is the way the music comes, the way it has to come." The way Sessions's music "had to come" is a recurrent focus of this biography. As the story is told, often in the composer's own words, the complex picture emerges of a remarkable man who, gradually and not very willingly, learned to accept his unexpected lot as a "difficult" composer. Frederik Prausnitz, an acquaintance of Sessions and conductor of his work, combines personal and musical insights to present this fascinating portrait of an influential, yet often overlooked, modernist composer.
Introduction
Authors: Prausnitz Frederik 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Near the end of Roger Sessions’ last summer, a visitor would walk along Nassau Street past fashionable stores and restaurants facing the Princeton University campus. He would turn right on Bayard Lane, whose broad, treelined sweep belies its modest title, and continue among old gardens, big houses and shady trees until he reached the blue gabled, spacious former home of the composer during his tenure as a Princeton professor. Almost directly opposite Stanworth Lane begins a U-shaped roadway traversing some large tracts of more modest university housing.
Young Roger
Authors: Prausnitz Frederik 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Ruth Sessions, matriarch in training, began by being an adoring mother, taking special delight in portents of her son’s future that seemed to confirm her own most cherished hopes and ambitions. In hindsight of four decades on, and in the carefully polished prose of Sixty Odd, she writes as one who welcomed a promising composer to this world with all the care and special concern he might have wished; in turn, during the first months of his life baby Roger Huntington Sessions appears to have pleased his mother with a promising variety of fine infant responses to music.
The Musical Idea I
Authors: Prausnitz Frederik 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The year 1927 had been a vintage one for Sessions. With the first performance of his symphony by a major orchestra it had witnessed the transformation of a very promising student of composition into a young professional and had seen the beginning of a long-term metamorphosis in his life: the gradual discovery of his identity as a composer. This did not come about in a sudden, sweeping revelation of the mystery of musical creation, although it began with a single memorable event that was indeed sudden and remained mysterious. Rather, it brought home to him, for the first time, that a special kind of echoing epiphany was to be the essential precondition for every work he would write-not only at the time of its first conception but also at many stages along the way to a completed score. While the initial vision would come to him unbidden in most cases (not all), subsequent perceptions often required intense and sometimes frustrating effort.
The Musical Idea Ill
Authors: Prausnitz Frederik 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Most composers in mid-twentieth century were “difficult” or suspected of doing their best to become so. Schoenberg and his twelve-tone disciples had appeared hopeless from the start-nato difficile-while Stravinsky, after an early scandalous success with such works as The Rite of Spring, seemed to have opted for near respectability as the symbolic leader of the so-called neoclassicist movement-until, to the disgust of his true believers, he chose to adopt twelvetone procedures from 1953. As it happened, Sessions wrote his first twelve-tone work, the Sonata for Solo Violin, in the same year. To the uninitiated, neither composer sounded very different in 1954.
Harvest
Authors: Prausnitz Frederik 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The best was now to come. The creative flowering that had begun in Sessions’ Berkeley years ripened into a truly astonishing harvest during and after his second tenure at Princeton. The composer who had labored almost half his musical life to write one symphony, one piano sonata, a violin concerto, and a string quartet produced, in roughly the same number of years, seven more symphonies, the Rhapsody for Orchestra, two operas, a piano concerto, a double concerto for violin and cello, two more piano sonatas, a second quartet and a string quintet among other chamber works, the solo violin sonata, choruses, and three extraordinary cantatas: The Idyll ef Theocritus, Psalm 140, and the work he loved best: When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloomed.
Fieldwork in the Ethnomusicological Past
Authors: Bohlman Philip V 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Jewish communities of the shevah kehillot, the Seven Holy Cities, of Burgen land constituted, until the 1930s, a boundary region between Central Europe and Eastern Europe. The villages and small cities of the shevah kehillot and the areas of previously intensive Jewish settlement in this border region attract relatively little attention today. Most of them are unknown outside of Austria, although a few claim a bit of fame from famous musicians who once lived there: Franz Joseph Haydn and Fred Astaire in Eisenstadt, Karl Goldmark in Deutschkreuz, and Joseph Joachim in Kittsee. Some physical evidence of the Jewish past from the Seven Holy Cities survives: the synagogue in Kobersdorf; cemeteries, or at least the stones of cemeteries, rescued from the ravages of neglect; and streets and walls intended to bound the Jewish quarters of a town. Human evidence did not survive to the pre sent quite so well; there are reputed to be three Jewish families still living in the Seven Holy Cities today, but no one knows who they are, and they do not identify themselves (Gold 1970).
Prologue
Authors: Witt Doris 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
April 1997 witnessed the victory of rookie golf professional Eldrick “Tiger” Woods at the U.S. Masters tournament in Augusta, Georgia. Even before Woods had a chance to accept the green jacket bestowed yearly upon the otherwise fortunate winner, veteran player Fuzzy Zoeller offered his sport’ s heir apparent some unsolicited advice about how to supervise the menu for the championship dinner: “That little boy is driving well. ... You pat him on the back ... and tell him not to serve fried chicken next year. Got it? ... Or collard greens or whatever the hell they serve.
“My kitchen was the world” vertamae smart gorsvenors geechee diapora
Authors: Witt Doris 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In her critically acclaimed 1991 film Daughters of the Dust, Julie Dash explores the lives of Gullah peoples on the Sea Islands off the coast of South Carolina and Georgia. Brought from Africa to the United States as slaves, they cultivated indigo and later cotton while creating “a distinct, original African-American cultural form” because of their relative isolation from outside influences (Creel 69).
Songs in Their Heads
Authors: Campbell Patricia Shehan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This book explores the musical interest and needs of children in their daily lives. Based upon their expressed thoughts and actual ‘musicking’ behaviours, this text examines the songs they sing, the rythyms they make, and the roles that music plays for them. Blending standard education field experiences with ethnographic techniques, Dr. Campbell demonstrates how music is personally and socially meaningful to children and what values they place on particular musical styles, songs, and functions. He explores musical behaviours in various contextual settings, and presents in notated and narrative forms some of the ‘songs in their heads’, balancing music learned with music ‘made’, and intentional, purposeful music with natural musical behaviour. Songs in Their Heads is a vivid and engaging book that bridges the disciplines of music education, musicology, ethnomusicology, and folklore. Designed as a text or supplemental text in a variety of music education method courses, as well as a reference for music specialists and classroom teachers, this book will also appeal to parents interested in understanding and enhancing music making in their children.
On Music: Conversations with Children
Authors: Campbell Patricia Shehan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Talk about music is a fact of life. Where there’s music, there are people who talk about what it sounds like, how it feels, what it does, who makes it, and how (well) they make it. Further, as musical talk is a constant, it can also be studied. In 1979, Hugo Zemp suggested that “the ways people talk about music can be a significant datum of musical concepts, theory, and experience” (p. 29). In 1990, Jean-Jaques Nattiez laid out in Music and Discourse principles for the semiotic analysis of words about music. He claimed that through the “interaction between the ethnoinformation and analytical tools of the researcher,” a thorough study of music could be had (p. 194). Words are documents of the ideas of those who make, listen to, and think about music, so they have been deconstructed, interpreted, and fit back together again, all in an attempt to understand music in its most comprehensive ways.
The Anaesthetics of Emotion
Authors: Novitz David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Some things seem so obvious that few people ever question them. Except when I am doing philosophy or being silly, I do not doubt, even for one moment, that the people I speak to are conscious human beings capable of having thoughts and emotions. Nor do I doubt that at least some of the things that I say and write will be understood by them, and that the overwhelming majority of my utterances are meaningful. With almost as much certainty, I believe that it is wrong to torture kittens or puppy dogs, to beat defenseless people, to exploit the innocent, to make love in public, or to betray your spouse of many years. These beliefs and values cannot easily be abandoned-not primarily be cause of their content but because of the role that they play in my life. They are the beliefs in terms of which I organize my existence and shape my world, and it is precisely because they impart sense and order to my life that I have considerable difficulty with the idea that they are either misleading or false. This is not to say that I cannot ever acknowledge their inadequacy; only that it will cost much to do so. For any challenge to such beliefs tends to unde mine the foundations of my world, threatens its stability, and with it my own security and sense of place.
Emotions and Identification
Authors: Oatley Keith , Gholamain Mitra 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Much is known about what connects people to each other. There are many kinds of connections-attachment, love, friendship, shared purpose, competition-for humans are members of the most social of vertebrate species. But what connects people to the texts of fiction?
In this chapter we suggest that the links that easily form between reader and story throw light both on the properties of narrative and on human psychology. We concentrate mainly on readers and texts, but some of our discussion also concerns the theater and the cinema.
The Characteristics of Peak Performance
Authors: Emmons Shirlee , Thomas Alma 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A peak performance exhibits the strength of the mind-body link. For you as a peak performer what you think is echoed by what you do. A peak performance is accompanied not by the fear of failure but rather by a confident and optimistic attitude, not by an unsettled state of mind but rather by a sense of inner calm and a high degree of concentration, not by an acceptance of powerlessness but rather by a feeling of being in control of an (apparently) effortless, unforced result, not by unmanageable tension but rather by a (learned technique of) physical relaxation and, at the same time, an extraordinary awareness of body and surroundings.
The Performing Cycle: Plans and Routines
Authors: Emmons Shirlee , Thomas Alma 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
All your performances are psychological as well as physical, because a performance is led by your thinking patterns and your mental images. In that moment in time when you must perform, both your body and your technique are at a certain level of excellence. Perhaps they might be better if you had been working longer at vocal technique or at your physical well-being, but regardless of your technical or physical capacity, when it comes to the actual performance it is to your mental ability that you must look in order to get the most out of yourself.
The Self and Performance: You, the Person; You, the Performer
Authors: Emmons Shirlee , Thomas Alma 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Life itself mandates that human beings have an awareness of self, that is, the ability to form an identity and then attach worth to it. So performers must define themselves as persons and then decide whether they like those identities or not. Yet the human propensity to be judgmental creates a problem. In the same way that they would protect themselves from a physical wound, human beings protect themselves from self-rejection by avoidance of anything that might cause pain for the self. Judging and rejecting oneself can be a very painful experience. Under such circumstances, one may avoid taking risks, such as meeting with other people; one may find it difficult to be the center of attention or to even hear criticism. Present in the performer, these factors soon interfere with the performance itself. The performer has to learn to take from the person all positive strengths and qualities so as to use them in performance when necessary. “To avoid judgments and self-rejection,[performers] erect barriers of defense, perhaps[invent] blame and get angry, or bury themselves in perfectionistic work” (McKay and Fanning, 1992, p. 2).