bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anal Monkeypox Disease: Description of 65 Cases
Authors: Le Vavasseur Benjamin , Bendaoud Sihem , Taieb Sarah , Heym Beate , Dahlouk Saliha Ysmael , Leclerc Eloise , Metaye Antonin , Bessanguem Bernard , Bourguignon Josée , Taouk Milad , Gabarre Anne , Marot Stéphane , Tepper Sarah , Lidove Olivier , Etienney Isabelle 
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND:
Monkeypox is a zoonosis endemic in Africa caused by three orthopoxvirus clades. Knowledge of the disease is limited, but a worldwide outbreak declared in April 2022 involving a new route of transmission.

OBJECTIVE:
This study aimed to describe anal symptoms and outcomes in patients suffering from Monkeypox infection attending an emergency proctology unit in Paris.

DESIGN:
This was an observational study

SETTING:
We reported anal symptoms of all consecutive patients with monkeypox anal infection in a single proctology center between 6/16/2022 and7/262022. Association with sexually transmitted infections (STI) and outcome were also recorded.

PATIENTS:
Sixty-five men aged 39.6 [19.9-64.6] years with confirmed monkeypox anal infection

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
Anal symptoms and their severity were clinically assessed. A favorable outcome consisted in a complete resolution of clinical manifestation.

RESULTS:
Sexual transmission was reported in 51 (78.4%) patients among whom 63 (97%) were men who have sex with men. Twenty-eight (43%) were living with HIV, and 24 (36.9%) were taking tenofovir/emtricitabine for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis. Anal symptoms appeared first in 36 (55.4%) patients and skin rash or other general symptoms in 22 (33.8%). Incubation time was 6.9 [1-26] days. Symptoms included painful perianal (n = 42 patients, 64.6%), anal (n = 28, 43%) and rectal (n = 25, 38.4%) ulcerations and perianal vesicles (n = 24, 36.9%). Proctitis was observed in 49 (75.4%) patients. It was mild in 20 (40.8%) and intense in 29 (59.2%), and severe proctitis mimicking high intersphincteric suppuration in 4 (8.2%). Fifteen (23.1%) patients had concurrent STI and 3 were hospitalized. Complete symptom resolution occurred within 12 days.

LIMITATIONS:
We performed a single-center study during a short period of time.

CONCLUSION:
Proctological symptoms are frequent in the current outbreak of monkeypox disease, probably linked to route of transmission. Rectal ulcerations mimicking high intersphincteric suppuration should be recognized to avoid unnecessary surgery..
Effects of virtual reality on psychophysical measures of pain: superiority to imagination and nonimmersive conditions
Authors: Tesarz Jonas , Herpel Christopher , Meischner Meike , Drusko Armin , Friederich Hans-Christoph , Flor Herta , Reichert Julian 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Virtual reality (VR) has been shown to be effective in pain management. However, to date, little is known about the mechanisms by which immersive experiences influence pain processing. The aim of this study was to investigate the direct effects of an immersive VR environment on the perception of experimental pain in individuals with chronic pain and pain-free controls. The immersion in a VR landscape was compared with mental imagery and a nonimmersive control condition. Using a randomized within-crossover design, pressure pain detection and tolerance thresholds, spatial and temporal summation (SSP, TSP), and conditioned pain modulation (CPM) were measured in 28 individuals with chronic pain and 31 pain-free controls using phasic cuff pressure on the legs. Direct comparison between the groups showed that although individuals with pain had significantly lower pain thresholds, reduced CPM effects, and increased TSP, the VR condition had the same pain-inhibitory effect on pain thresholds as in pain-free controls. Conditioned pain modulation effects were reduced by all conditions compared with baseline. There were no significant differences between conditions and baseline for TSP and SSP. Overall, pain modulatory effects were largest for VR and smallest for imagery. These results demonstrate that immersion in a VR environment has an increasing effect on pain thresholds, reduces pain inhibition in a CPM paradigm, and has no effects on TSP. This applies for participants with chronic pain and pain-free controls. These VR effects exceeded the effects of mental imagery on the nonimmersive control condition. This indicates that VR effectively modulates pain perception in both patients and controls irrespective of differences in pain perception.
Reliability of quantitative sensory testing in the assessment of somatosensory function after high-frequency stimulation–induced sensitisation of central nociceptive pathways
Authors: Fawsitt-Jones Harriet , Vollert Jan , O'Daly Owen , Williams Steven C.R. , McMahon Stephen B. , Howard Matthew A. , Hughes Sam W. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The high frequency stimulation (HFS) model can be used alongside quantitative sensory testing (QST) to assess the sensitisation of central nociceptive pathways. However, the validity and between-session reliability of using QST z-score profiles to measure changes in mechanical and thermal afferent pathways in the HFS model are poorly understood. In this study, 32 healthy participants underwent QST before and after HFS (5× 100 Hz trains; 10× electrical detection threshold) in the same heterotopic skin area across 2 repeated sessions. The only mechanical QST z-score profiles that demonstrated a consistent gain of function across repeated test sessions were mechanical pain threshold (MPT) and mechanical pain sensitivity (MPS), which were associated with moderate and good reliability, respectively. There was no relationship between HFS intensity and MPT and MPS z-score profiles. There was no change in low intensity, but a consistent facilitation of high-intensity pin prick stimuli in the mechanical stimulus response function across repeated test sessions. There was no change in cold pain threshold (CPT) and heat pain threshold (HPT) z-score profiles across session 1 and 2, which were associated with moderate and good reliability, respectively. There were inconsistent changes in the sensitivity to innocuous thermal QST parameters, with cool detection threshold (CDT), warm detection threshold (WDT), and thermal sensory limen (TSL) all producing poor reliability. These data suggest that HFS-induced changes in MPS z-score profiles is a reliable way to assess experimentally induced central sensitisation and associated secondary mechanical hyperalgesia in healthy participants.
Addressing the Elephant in the Room: Perceptions and Treatment of Underrepresented in Medicine Physician Assistants/Associate Educators
Authors: Drumgold Michelle J. , Brown Sheena D. , Frizell Carl A. , Stewart-Clark Skylar , Sturges Daytheon 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
On Thursday, June 27, 2023, the US Supreme Court struck down race-conscious admission practices in higher education. While other demographic factors, such as the traditional Health Resources and Services Administration-disadvantaged background indicators, can be considered during the holistic admission process, explicit consideration based on race and/or ethnicity is prohibited. As a result, physician assistant/associate (PA) programs are tasked with developing novel ways to address equity, diversity, and inclusion during the admission and hiring processes. As Drumgold et al note, closing the PA workforce diversity gap is necessary to achieve health equity. Despite this, PA programs consistently struggle to attract and retain underrepresented in medicine (URiM) faculty, staff, and students. The latest PA Education Association Student Report indicates that more than 75% of applicants consider faculty and student body diversity when applying to programs. As such, addressing disparities in the recruitment, promotion, evaluation, and retention of URiM faculty is paramount. Here, the authors outline ongoing recruitment and retention challenges for URiM faculty along with institutional recommendations to ensure URiM PA faculty success and engagement.
Accreditation Outcomes: Does Program Director Experience Matter?
Authors: Snyder Jennifer , Quincy Brenda , Brown Darwin , Asprey David 
Published: October 2023

Purpose
The program director (PD) is responsible for providing effective leadership and possessing knowledge of accreditation. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether a PD's experience in higher education affects the accreditation outcome.

Methods
This cross-sectional study includes Physician Assistant (PA) programs that underwent an accreditation visit between January 2012 and January 2022. Data analysis was primarily descriptive, stratified by demographic variables, and outcomes of accreditation standards. Inferential analysis included chi-squared tests of statistical independence.

Results
The chi-squared analysis test of statistical independence of PD's experience and accreditation decision identified a statistically significant association between the PD's experience as a PD and the accreditation outcome for continuing reviews. However, a minimum of 3 years of experience in higher education and the accreditation outcome were statistically independent for provisional and continuing reviews.

Conclusion
Few PDs are hired with more than 3 years of PD experience, but they tend to have more higher education or PA program educational experience. A PD's years of higher education experience was not associated with accreditation outcome, which may suggest that other supports are more critical for achieving and maintaining accreditation.
Can Willingness to Breastfeed Be an Opportunity for Smoking Pregnant Women to Quit Smoking?
Authors: Tiryaki Öznur , Menekşe Dilek , Çınar Nursan 
Published: October 2023

Purpose:
Smoking during pregnancy and/or not breastfeeding have considerable negative health outcomes for the mother and infant. This descriptive and cross-sectional study determined the relationship between the prediction of smoking cessation success in pregnant women and their breastfeeding attrition prediction during lactation. The other aim of the study was to determine the predictor of smoking cessation success and the factors affecting breastfeeding attrition prediction.

Methods:
The present study was conducted with 131 smoking pregnant women. Data were collected using the Personal Information Form, the Smoking Cessation Success Prediction Scale, and the Breastfeeding Attrition Prediction Tool.

Results:
A statistically significant and positive correlation was revealed between the Smoking Cessation Success Prediction Scale and the positive breastfeeding attitude (r = 0.349, P < .01). Of the change in positive breastfeeding attitudes, 14.7% was explained by the prediction of smoking cessation success (adjusted R
2 = 0.147).

Conclusion:
The study revealed that the prediction of smoking cessation success increased with an increase in the positive breastfeeding attitude of smoking pregnant women.
The Salivary Microbiome During Pregnancy
Authors: Koerner Rebecca , Prescott Stephanie , McSkimming Daniel , Alman Amy , Duffy Allyson , Groer Maureen 
Published: October 2023

Purpose:
Poor oral health has been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, and the oral microbiome may play a role in these mechanisms. We aimed to examine the salivary microbiome for alterations in diversity or relative abundance throughout pregnancy and its associations with adverse pregnancy outcomes and sociodemographic characteristics.

Study Design and Methods:
We conducted an ancillary study from a previous cohort study of 37 women during their second and third trimesters of pregnancy using preexisting, participant-collected salivary samples to examine the oral microbiome using 16S rRNA sequencing.

Results:
The salivary microbiome demonstrated stability throughout pregnancy, as there were no significant differences in alpha or beta diversity. Individuals who were diagnosed with preeclampsia had differences in beta diversity at the genus level (F = 2.65, df = 1, P = .015). There were also differences in beta diversity at the species level in Hispanic individuals compared with non-Hispanic individuals (F = 1.7183, df = 1, P = .04).

Conclusion:
The salivary microbiome demonstrated stability throughout the second and third trimesters but may be different in Hispanics or those diagnosed with preeclampsia. As such, clinical providers need to demonstrate culturally competent care during pregnancy and continue to educate women about the importance of oral healthcare during the perinatal period. Future research is needed to examine the mechanisms associated with oral microbiome dysbiosis in Hispanic women during pregnancy and in women with preeclampsia.
Psychosocial Factors and Parent-Infant Bonding
Authors: Ngai Fei-Wan , Xie Yao Jie 
Published: October 2023

Background:
Parent-infant bonding plays a significant role in promoting the psychosocial well-being of the child. This study aimed to examine the relationships between family sense of coherence, marital satisfaction, depressive symptoms, and parent-infant bonding among Chinese parents at 6 weeks postpartum.

Methods:
A secondary data analysis was conducted of an intervention study for postnatal depression. The participants were Chinese parents recruited from public hospitals. Family sense of coherence, marital satisfaction, depressive symptoms, and parent-infant bonding were measured using the Family Sense of Coherence Scale, the Dyadic Adjustment Scale, the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, and the Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire, respectively. Path analysis was performed on data collected from the control group (n = 211) at 6 weeks postpartum.

Results:
Less impairment of mother-infant bonding at 6 weeks postpartum was found among mothers who had a stronger family sense of coherence and lower levels of depressive symptoms. Less impairment of father-infant bonding at 6 weeks postpartum was found among fathers who had greater marital satisfaction and family sense of coherence and fewer depressive symptoms. The mothers' levels of family sense of coherence, marital satisfaction, and parent-infant bonding were closely related to those of their partners.

Conclusion:
The study highlights the importance of developing culturally appropriate interventions that focus on strengthening family sense of coherence, enhancing marital satisfaction, and reducing depressive symptoms in both parents to promote the quality of parent-infant bonding at early postpartum.
Pericarotid Fat Stranding at Computed Tomography Angiography: A Marker of the Short-Term Prognosis of Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Liu Ying , Zhao Yinan , Guo Zhongping , Li Mengshuang , Shan Hangsheng , Zhang Yonggang , Miao Chongchang , Gu Yan 
Published: October 2023

Purpose
Perivascular epicardial fat stranding detected in the coronary computed tomography (CT) angiography is associated with culprit lesions and provides helpful information on the risk of acute coronary syndrome. This study aimed to evaluate the potential clinical significance of pericarotid fat stranding (PCFS) and investigate the association between PCFS and short-term prognosis in acute stroke using head and neck CT angiography (CTA).

Methods
This study included 80 patients (mean age, 69.69 ± 11.03; 58 men) who underwent both head and neck CTA and magnetic resonance imaging within a 1-week period. Baseline characteristics, pericarotid adipose tissue attenuation, plaque characteristics, ischemic penumbra, infarct core volume, infarct core growth rate (CGR), and the grade of collateral status were recorded and compared between a PCFS group and a non-PCFS group. Data were compared using the 2-sample t test, Mann-Whitney U test, Fisher exact test, and Spearman rank correlation analysis.

Results
We found that patients with PCFS had a significantly higher pericarotid adipose tissue density than patients without PCFS (−55.75 ± 5.53 vs −65.82 ± 9.65, P < 0.001). Patients with PCFS showed a larger infarct core volume (166.43 ± 73.07 vs 91.43 ± 55.03, P = 0.001) and faster CGR (39.57 ± 12.01 vs 19.83 ± 32.77; P < 0.001), and the frequency of adverse prognosis was more significant than in control participants (83.33% vs 19.11%).

Conclusions
Individuals with PCFS showed higher CGR, which was substantially related to worse outcomes in patients with acute stroke with ipsilateral carotid atherosclerosis. Recognition of PCFS may help predict stroke prognosis and allow doctors to take early action to improve patient prognosis.
INTRACOLON COOLING INCREASES SURVIVAL RATE IN THE RAT MODEL OF LETHAL HEMORRHAGE
Authors: Arya Awadhesh K. , Hu Kurt , Chen Alice , Olivas-Garcia Yamileck , Coyne Christopher , Tanaka Hideaki , Liu Chunli , Doucet Jay , Chan Theodore , Hu Bingren 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Background: The objective of this study was to investigate whether transrectal intracolon (TRIC) cooling can prolong the survival duration in a rat hemorrhagic shock (HS) model. Methods: A lethal HS was induced by bleeding 47% of the total blood volume. A TRIC device was placed into the colon to maintain the intracolon temperature either at 37°C (TRIC37) or at 10°C (TRIC10) post-HS. In the surface cooling (SC) rats, the body temperatures were maintained at the same level as the esophageal temperature of the TRIC10 rats. A separated group of TRIC10 rats were resuscitated (Res) at 90 min post-HS. A total of six groups were as follows: (i) Sham TRIC37 (n = 5), (ii) Sham TRIC10 (n = 5), (iii) HS TRIC37 (n = 5), (iv) HS TRIC10 (n = 6), (v) HS SC (n = 6), and (vi) HS TRIC10 + Res (n = 6). Results: An average post-HS survival time was 18.4 ± 9.4 min in HS TRIC37 and 82 ± 27.82 min in the HS SC group. In striking contrast, the HS TRIC10 group exhibited an average survival time of 150.2 ± 66.43 min. The post-HS blood potassium level rose significantly in the HS TRIC37 and HS SC, whereas it remained unchanged in the TRIC10 groups. Post-HS intestinal damage occurred in HS TRIC37 and HS SC groups but virtually absent in HS TRIC10 groups. After resuscitation at 90 min post-HS, all HS TRIC10 rats were fully recovered from the lethal HS. Conclusions: TRIC10 reversed the high blood potassium level, prevented the intestinal damage, and prolonged the survival duration by sixfold relative to normothermia and by twofold compared with SC post-HS. All TRIC10 rats were successfully resuscitated at 90 min post-HS.
C-Type Lectin-2D Receptor Contributes to Histone-Induced Vascular Barrier Dysfunction During Burn Injury
Authors: Yang Xiaoyuan , Zheng Ethan , Sun Xiaoqi , Reynolds Amanda , Gonzalez Monica , Hernandez Villamil Juan , Pando Briana D. , Smith David J. , Yuan Sarah Y. , Wu Mack H. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSevere burns are associated with massive tissue destruction and cell death where nucleus histones and other damage-associated molecular patterns are released into the circulation and contribute to the pathogenesis of multiple organ dysfunction. Currently, there is limited information regarding the pathophysiology of extracellular histones following burns, and the mechanisms underlying histone-induced vascular injury are not fully understood. In this study, by comparing the blood samples from healthy donors and burn patients, we confirmed that burn injury promoted the release of extracellular histones into the circulation, evidenced by increased plasma levels of histones correlating with injury severity. The direct effects of extracellular histones on human endothelial monolayers were examined and the results showed that histones caused cell-cell adherens junction discontinuity and barrier dysfunction in a dose-related manner. Like burn patients, mice subjected to a scald burn covering 25% total body surface area also displayed significantly increased plasma histones. Intravital microscopic analysis of mouse mesenteric microcirculation indicated that treatment with a histone antibody greatly attenuated burn-indued plasma leakage in postcapillary venules, supporting the pathogenic role of extracellular histones in the development of microvascular barrier dysfunction during burns. At the molecular level, intrigued by the recent discovery of C-type lectin domain family 2 member D (Clec2d) as a novel receptor of histones, we tested its potential involvement in the histone interaction with endothelial cells. Indeed, we identified abundant expression of Clec2d in vascular endothelial cells. Further proximity ligation assay demonstrated a close association between extracellular histones and endothelial expressing Clec2d. Functionally,in vivoadministration of an anti-Clec2d antibody attenuated burn-induced plasma leakage across mesenteric microvessels. Consistently, Clec2d knockdown in endothelial cells partially inhibited histone-induced endothelial barrier dysfunction. Together, our data suggest that burn injury-induced increases in circulating histones contribute to microvascular leakage and endothelial barrier dysfunction via a mechanism involving the endothelial Clec2d receptor.
Hemorrhagic Shock Assessed by Tissue Microcirculatory Monitoring: A Narrative Review
Authors: Yao Zixuan , Chen Yuansen , Li Duo , Li Yongnan , Liu Yanqing , Fan Haojun 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Hemorrhagic shock (HS) is a common complication after traumatic injury. Early identification of HS can reduce patients’ risk of death. Currently, the identification of HS relies on macrocirculation indicators such as systolic blood pressure and heart rate, which are easily affected by the body's compensatory functions. Recently, the independence of the body's overall macrocirculation from microcirculation has been demonstrated, and microcirculation indicators have been widely used in the evaluation of HS. In this study, we reviewed the progress of research in the literature on the use of microcirculation metrics to monitor shock. We analyzed the strengths and weaknesses of each metric and found that microcirculation monitoring could not only indicate changes in tissue perfusion before changes in macrocirculation occurred but also correct tissue perfusion and cell oxygenation after the macrocirculation index returned to normal following fluid resuscitation, which is conducive to the early prediction and prognosis of HS. However, microcirculation monitoring is greatly affected by individual differences and environmental factors. Therefore, the current limitations of microcirculation assessments mean that they should be incorporated as part of an overall assessment of HS patients. Future research should explore how to better combine microcirculation and macrocirculation monitoring for the early identification and prognosis of HS patients.