bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Operational Aspects
Authors: Gieras Jacek F 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
“The electric circuits of an a.c. machine with m1 primary phase windings and m2 secondary phase windings are described by the following matrix equation:
where R is the square diagonal matrix of the resistances of order m1+m2,L is the square diagonal matrix of the inductances of order m1+ m2, v(t) is the column matrix of phase voltages with m1+ m2 rows, and i(t) is the column matrix of phase currents with m1+ m2 rows. The secondary is divided into m2 discrete circuits with uniform current density distribution, similar to that of a solid moving member in electromechanical converters with discrete motion.
Stepping Motors and Their Microprocessor Controls
Authors: Kenjo Takashi , Sugawara Akira 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Stepping motors find applications wherever repeated stop-start or incremental controlled motions are encountered. Their basic design and construction makes them very suitable for digital (microprocessor) control. Consequently they are to be found in computer hardware (disk drives, printers, etc.), clocks, numerically controlled machine tools, and domestic appliances. The authors take a practical approach to the subject using many informative diagrams to explain the motor's working principles, construction details, electronic controls, applications, and methods of manufacture.
Outline of modern stepping motors
Authors: Kenjo Takashi , Sugawara Akira 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the last chapter we followed the historical development of stepping motors in connection with numerical control technology. In this chapter, general views of the various types of stepping motors now used will be taken, and their structures and fundamental principles will be discussed without using mathematics. Technical terms which are used in association with stepping motors will be defined and their meanings studied.
Theory of electromagnetics and structure of stepping motors
Authors: Kenjo Takashi , Sugawara Akira 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In Chapter 2 a qualitative approach was employed for explaining how torque is produced in a stepping motor; it was an explanation in terms of the tension in lines of magnetic force. In this chapter the mechanism of torque production will be analysed quantitatively using an electro dynamic approach. This is followed by discussions on tooth-structure problems in stepping motors.
Fundamental theory of the dynamic characteristics of stepping motors
Authors: Kenjo Takashi , Sugawara Akira 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The dynamic characterstics, like the static characteristics, are important and must be taken into account in putting a stepping motor in a system. A number of theories of the dynamic performance of stepping motor & have been reported by many authors. Among them, the theory developed by Lawrenson and Hughes, University of Leeds, is selected to present here, since their theory is systematic and covers most essential aspects of the dynamic behaviour of modern stepping motors.
Torque characteristics and pulse intervals-measurement and use in system design
Authors: Kenjo Takashi , Sugawara Akira 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this chapter, methods of measuring the torque characteristic curves of a stepping motor will first be given, then follows a discussion on the relation between the torque curves, dynamic equation, and acceleration. Lastly, several theories for determining pulse intervals for acceleration and deceleration are developed for use in system design. The test motor is kept stationary by supplying rated current in a specified excitation scheme, say, one-phase or two-phase excitation. One of the three or four phases shall be arbitrarily chosen to be supplied the current in the case of one-phase-on scheme. The rotor position at no load is defined as the ‘equilibrium’ or ‘rest position’. We are now going to measure the relationship between the torque applied to the shaft and displacement from the equilibrium position. As illustrated in Fig. 6.1 external torques are provided by means of a pulley, a string, and a weight.
Closed-loop control of stepping motors
Authors: Kenjo Takashi , Sugawara Akira 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the drive systems explained in Chapter 5 the step-command pulses were given from an external source, and it was expected that the stepping motor is able to follow every pulse. This type of operation is referred to as the open-loop drive. The open-loop drive is attractive and widely accepted in applications of speed and position controls. However, the performance of a stepping motor is limited under the open-loop drive. For instance a stepping motor driven in the open-loop mode may fail to follow a pulse command when the frequency of the pulse train is too high or the inertial load is too heavy. Moreover the motor motion tends to be oscillatory in open-loop drives.
Permanent-Magnet DC Linear Motors
Authors: Basak Amitava 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
No standard work of reference, dealing with dc linear motor in all its aspects has ever been published. However, a considerable amount of literature in the form of published papers dealing with this subject, and also an amount of hitherto unpublished work, particularly of an industrial or applied nature, has been accumulated during the last 25 years. An attempt has been made to collate all this information and present it in a comprehensive and orderly manner in this unique volume. This book has been designed to be useful to two main categories of readers, namely, electrical and mechanical engineers in the user industries, and post-graduates and students embracing mechanical and electrical engineers.
Manifolds, homogeneous spaces, Lie groups
Authors: Rossmann Wulf 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In a vector space one has coordinate systems any two of which are related by a linear transformation (and this property could be used to define the notion ‘vector space’). Somewhat analogously, an analytic manifold is a point-set together with coordinate systems any two of which are related by an analytic transformation; but the coordinate systems are not required to be defined on the whole point-set.
Introduction
Authors: Wegge-Olsen N E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This book was primarily written as an introduction to K-theory, in particular to the K-theory of C*-algebras. In view of this, Part II of the book may be considered as its central part, with Part I as the “warming up”, providing necessary C*-algebraic machinery. Part III can then be viewed as an illustration of general K-theory on a certain generalized Fredholm index theory. The appendices in Part IV extend Part I in establishing important C*-algebraic technical remedies of more general character.
Multiplier algebras
Authors: Wegge-Olsen N E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Since multiplier algebras occur in numerous C*-algebraic arguments, we devote a chapter to an overview of multiplier theory. In this book, the generalized index theory of Chapters 15-17 is formulated in terms of multiplier algebras. Also, multiplier algebras (or, rather, the corona algebras M(A)/ A) arethecentral objects in the study of classification of C*-extensions (Chapter 3), and these are far from irrelevant for K-theory.
Invertibles and unitaries
Authors: Wegge-Olsen N E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The results of this chapter are necessary in K-theory for two reasons: invertibles and unitaries implement an important equivalence relation among projections that are used to define K0; and homotopy classes of invertibles or unitaries are precisely the elements of the K1-group. If you find Chapter 4 boring, jump to Chapters 6, 5, and 7 and return for results when you need them.
K-theory for multiplier algebras
Authors: Wegge-Olsen N E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Below we will exhibit an important generalization by Cuntz [Cul:3.2]. The K-groups still vanish when 𝕂 is substituted by A⊗𝕂, A being an arbitrary C*-algebra. In words: stable multiplier algebras have trivial K-theory.
Some examples: AF-algebras, Cuntz algebras, rotation algebras
Authors: Wegge-Olsen N E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Below we will introduce three classes of C*-algebras, namely the approximately finite dimensional algebras (or AF-algebras), the Cuntz algebras On, and the (irrational) rotation algebras Ao. The exposition will be rather brief since a comprehensive study would indeed take up a lot of space. We wash our hands by including some references for the curious or sceptical reader.
The classical Fredholm index
Authors: Wegge-Olsen N E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As an appetizer and historical background for the theory of generalized Fredholm operators and their index theory (Chapter 17) we dwell here for some pages on the main results of classical index theory. Since this theory is more than well established, the proofs in the presentation given below will be very sketchy, or may be considered a collection of generously hinted exercises.
Hilbert modules
Authors: Wegge-Olsen N E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Hilbert modules form a category in between Banach spaces (they have a little extra geometrical structure) and Hilbert spaces (they are not as well behaving as these). The theory of Hilbert modules started gelling with the work of Paschke in the early seventies (do have a look at [Pas] - it’s a pleasure), but of course the origins can be traced further back (see e.g. [Kap], [Saw]).
Arithmetic
Authors: Atkins Peter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One of the finest creations of the human mind is mathematics, for not only is it the apotheosis of rational thought but it is also the spine that renders scientific speculation sufficiently rigid to confront experience. Scientific hypo- theses themselves are like jelly; they need the rigidity of mathematical formulation if they are to stand up to experimental verification and fit into the network of concepts that constitute physical science. One widely held view is that mathematics is not a science, for it can spin willy nilly its own universes of discourse, universes that need bear little relation, except in adherence to the rigours of logic, to the world we seem to inhabit. As such, mathematics might be thought an interloper into this volume. However, because it is so central to a scientist’s mode of thought, mathematics is best regarded as a welcome guest and greeted as an honorary science. Moreover, with the march of abstraction in the physical sciences, and the stirring of abstraction in the belly of the bio- logical, determining where mathematics ends and science begins is as difficult, and as pointless, as mapping the edge of a morning mist.
What Kind of Religion?
Authors: Coggins Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We saw in the last chapter that many of those who have contributed to the literary study of the Old Testament have not themselves been moved by any particular religious commitment, and the same is no doubt true of many of those who find such an approach the most rewarding. Yet it remains the case that probably a majority of those who wish to engage at a serious level with the Old Testament will come to it in some religious context, and it is undeniable that the concerns of the Old Testament itself are overwhelmingly religious. Even in those parts of the collection which have sometimes been described as ‘humanistic’, such as the wisdom books, especially Proverbs, the links with religious concerns are never far away.
Is A Theology Possible?
Authors: Coggins Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We have given much attention in this book to changes and developments that have affected biblical study in recent years. It might be supposed that after so much upheaval it would be possible to turn to theology as an unchanging still centre amidst all the turmoil. Such an expectation would soon be rudely shattered; theological thinking has undergone dramatic changes, not least when the question has arisen of the kind of theology which can legitimately be derived from the biblical text.
William Blake
Authors: Fuller David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There are three independent complete modern editions of Blake ‘s writings, those of Keynes, Erdman, and Bentley. The Keynes text is chronological in arrangement, gives variant readings in the main text, is modernized in punctuation, and has only a limited textual apparatus. The Erdman Concordance is keyed to this edition. Erdman ‘s text (which has become standard for scholarly use) separates the works in illuminated printing from letterpress and manuscript texts (and within this latter grouping also separates poetry and prose). With the poetry (both engraved and manuscript) in order to present an uncluttered reading text it gives variants in textual notes; revisions of prose, however, are retained in the text. The text is not modernized in punctuation or accidentals (which, since Blake ‘s punctuation is idiosyncratic, can make for difficulties-though on some views these are essential to the sense-making experience). It has a brief but good critical commentary by Harold Bloom. Like Erdman, Bentley separates the illuminated books from the rest of Blake ‘s writings. He gives the texts in a somewhat modernized punctuation, with a textual apparatus which signals his emendations, and he gives bibliographic information on each work. Among the many virtues of Bentley ‘s edition the most important is that he also prints (in black and white) about threequarters of the designs. Since Blake produced almost all his poetry in the form of illuminated books with text and designs engraved on copper, printed and usually hand-coloured, it is important wherever possible to read the poetry in its illuminated form. The text of Alicia Ostriker ‘s edition is based on Erdman.
Canadian Television Exports: Into the Mainstream
Authors: Attallah Paul 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Canadian television was officially launched on 6 September 1952. That night, the Montreal station of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) transmitted the first Canadian TV pictures: the CBC logo printed over a map of Canada. Both appeared upside down. Two nights later the CBC’s Toronto station also took to the airwaves. Bythen, logo and map had been turned right side up.
The Law of the Drama (1894)
Authors: Brunetière Ferdinand 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Ferdinand Brunetiere (1849—1906)-an influential literary theorist and critic, not a practising playwright—was a man of deeply conservative and Catholic sympathies. He wrote extensively about French classical and nineteenth-century drama as well as other aspects of French literature and history. He taught French language and literature at the Ecole Normale and at the Sorbonne; he also served on the staff of the prestigious Revue des deux mondes, first as contributor, then as secretary and sub-editor and, from 1893 onwards, as editor. In the same year he became a member of the French Academy.
Naturalism (1881)
Authors: Zola Émile 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Émile Zola (1840-1902), now primarily remembered as a great novelist, also left his mark on the theatre-principally as the passionate advocate of the naturalist drama which was in process of being born in the latter part of the nineteenth century, in the face of much opposition. When he worked as a theatre critic for L’Avenir national (1873), Le Bien public (1876-8), Le Voltaire (1878-80), and Le Figaro (1880-1 and again 1895-6), he went beyond merely reviewing current productions of the Parisian stage and engaged in widely noticed theoretical arguments that attacked the old style of drama and called for something new.
Introduction
Authors: Boddy William 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This Book Offers a historical account of the ways in which successive media of electronic communication—radio, television, and digital media—have been anticipated, debated, and taken up in the twentieth century in the United States. The project began with the impulse to consider the cultural and economic stakes of the current transition from analogue to digital platforms for moving-image transmission, display, and interaction, a transition heralded as a decisive break with previous media forms and audience practices.
Wireless Nation: Defining Radio as a Domestic Technology
Authors: Boddy William 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Despite Ubiquitous Claims for the revolutionary nature of the changes associated with the current transition from analogue to digital moving-image media, there is little doubt that the public’s first experiences with wireless communication 100 years ago represent a period of more traumatic uncertainty and improvisation than our own. Moreover, the fundamental economic models, institutions, programme forms, and audience practices which emerged from the first two decades of radio in the twentieth century have proven to be remarkably durable across the decades of successive technological innovations.
The Amateur, the Housewife, and the Salesroom Floor: Promoting Post-war US Television
Authors: Boddy William 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
If The Previous chapter on early radio pointed to a set of remarkably enduring images of domestic media users, this chapter will examine how such constructions of the media audience were deployed in the commercial rivalries associated with the launch of US commercial television after the Second World War. An analysis of the public and trade debates over the nature, uses, and even economic viability of commercial television in the 1940s suggests the value for the historian of a heuristic refusal of the inevitability of the medium’s subsequent spectacular success.
US Television Abroad, 1960/1990: Market Power and National Introspection
Authors: Boddy William 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Following The Traumatic post-war debates over the viability and nature of commercial television in the American home, the TV industry settled into a half-century of remarkable economic growth and institutional stability. However, after decades of steady expansion and stable industry structures, the early 1990s marked—in both the USA and Europe, in both public service and commercial television systems—a moment of crisis in political and economic legitimization for broadcast institutions and a reconfiguration of the long-established institutional representations of the national audience.
Marketers Strike Back: Virtual Advertising
Authors: Boddy William 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
By The End of the 1990s, the possible effects upon traditional television practices and programme forms brought about by the move to digital broadcasting and the introduction of the digital video recorder were hotly contested within the industry. The distinct capabilities of digital processing of the television signal—high definition, channel proliferation, and interactive services—together with the time-shifting and ad-zapping abilities of the digital video recorder, caused many to question whether advertisers would be able to reach increasingly fragmented and recalcitrant viewers armed with new devices to avoid conventional TV commercials. At the end of 1999, the nascent practice of virtual advertising—the ability to map imported video material seamlessly into the illusionistic space of live action—was seen by many within the TV industry as a timely technological counter-weapon to the domestic television viewer newly armed with anticommercial digital defences.
How God Watches Television: Early Responses to Digital Television
Authors: Boddy William 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Under The Headline ‘TiVo Revolutionizes TV’, a technology review in Chicago Sun-Times on 8 May 2001 opened with this enthusiastic flourish: ‘At the end of your first day with TiVo, you will finally blink and shout, “Holy cats, this must be how God watches television!” ’ In the brief column which follows, columnist Andy Ihnatko first described TiVo as ‘a powerful video bouncer, making sure that the VIPs get through and the losers stay behind the velvet rope’, and argued that ‘TiVo will definitely terminate your rut of scavenging for entertainment. No longer do you gobble up anything even marginally palatable just because it’s in front of you.
The Merchant’s Tale
Authors: Cooper Helen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The omission of the Merchant’s Prologue from Hengwrt and some other manuscripts, together with the signs of revision at the end of the Clerk’s Tale, suggest that it was composed at a late stage and written on a separate leaf. The Tale may originally have been written for a different narrator; the addition of the Prologue both specifies the Merchant as teller, and gives him an appropriate motive in his own personal experience for warning against women and marriage. To extend this motivation into the realm of the psychological, or to try to unfold layers of irony in reading January as a figure for the Merchant, is to go beyond the text, though in changing narrators Chaucer opens up the possibilities for such interpretations.
The Pardoner’s Prologue and Tale
Authors: Cooper Helen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Pardoner’s Tale belongs to the great period of the writing of the Canterbury Tales—not only on grounds of art, but because of its use of such sources as Innocent Ill’s De miseria and Jerome’s Adversus Jovinianum that were at hand for the writing of the Man of Law’s Prologue and most of the tales of Fragments III, IV, and V. There is no proof that the Tale was composed with the Prologue in mind; they work together brilliantly, but the tale has a grim power of its own independent of its speaker. Some of the pecularities of the opening homiletic material, however, and the transition back to the frame at the end of the tale, confirm that the conception of Prologue, Tale, and dramatic ending probably developed as a unit.
The Tale of Melibee
Authors: Cooper Helen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It may be because the liveliness of the exchange between the Host and the hapless teller of Sir Thopas overshadows the enclosing tales that many manuscripts head the link with a summary of its contents rather than as the Prologue to Melibee. Just as Chaucer ran the Prioress’s rhyme royal over into the following link, Harry Bailly is here allowed to participate in the idiom of Sir Thopas: ‘the devil I biteche!’ is just such another phrase from popular romance.
Chaucer’s Retractions
Authors: Cooper Helen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Retractions are an integral part of the Tales, or at least of the Parson’s Tale. They appear in all manuscripts of the complete Tales that have not lost the end through damage, and in one of the independent copies of the Parson’s Tale. The case for their being Chaucer’s is as strong as for the Parson’s Tale itself.
Shakespeare under the Tsars
Authors: Stříbrný Zdeněk 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Although English Comedians, unlike the merchants, did not venture upon tours to Russia, their acting skills and some of their texts were brought by their German successors as far as Moscow and other places of the vast tsarist empire. The reputation of the English strollers was so unrivalled that the trademark ‘English Comedians’ was often used also by German wandering actors. Among them, Pickleherring ruled the roost as usual in jigs, comedies, as well as tragedies. In a Russian play called Bajazed and Tamer/an (acted between 1672 and 1676), roughly derived from Marlowe’s Tamburlaine the Great, the blood thirsty conflict between two oriental tyrants was alleviated by Pickle herring’s gags and gimmicks in which the play’s cynical and farcical elements were concentrated. Russian variations on Pickleherring continued to appear until about the 1720s.
Shakespeare after the Bolshevik Revolution
Authors: Stříbrný Zdeněk 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Bolshevik Revolution in October 1917 and the following Civil War between the Red Army and the Whites (tsarist armies supported by foreign legions, 1918-20) led to a massive emigration of the Russian aristocracy, the army elite, and part of the intelligentsia, including a number of actors, directors, and designers.