bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proof of concept of a nonlinear structural stability constraint for aeroelastic optimisation
Authors: Mitrotta F.M.A. , Pirrera A. , Macquart T. , Cooper J.E. , Pereira do Prado A. , Higino Cabral P. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In the past few decades, substantial work has been directed towards the design of aircraft structures that maximise fuel efficiency, improve performance and curtail emissions. Aeroelastic optimisation offers an effective way to devise lightweight and fuel efficient structures, with structural stability constraints often driving the design. To date, the aeroelastic optimisation community has relied mostly on linear buckling predictions for the evaluation of structural stability constraints, mainly because of their conservativeness, computational efficiency and simplicity of implementation. This approach typically leads to overly conservative buckling margins, and this over-conservativeness places a glass ceiling over the load carrying capacity of wing structures, consequently restricting the exploration of regions within the design space where considerable weight savings could be achieved.
By contrast to previous works that predominantly rely on linear buckling constraints, the present paper introduces a method to incorporate nonlinear structural stability analysis into aeroelastic optimisations of wingbox-like structures. The method relies on the evaluation of the positive-definiteness of the tangent stiffness matrix, which is an indicator of structural stability. The sign of the stiffness eigenvalues is monitored while tracing the load-displacement equilibrium paths by means of the arc-length method, thus pinpointing the onset of instability. The proposed constraint is tested in a proof of concept structural optimisation of an idealised version of the CRM wingbox. This optimisation shows a

$10.9{\rm{\% }} $

reduction in mass with respect to a baseline design that is optimal with a linear buckling approach, promising great potential for application to more realistic aeroelastic optimisations.
Infrared signature of aero-engine exhaust plume’s potential core and aircraft surface from direct bottom view
Authors: Bhatt A. , Mahulikar S.P. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Low-flying aircraft are susceptible to attacks by ground-launched infrared (IR)-guided man portable air defence system (MANPADS) and surface-to-air missiles (SAM). When seen from direct below, a dual band sensor can lock on to either exhaust plume or aircraft surfaces. Based on the magnitude of the IR signature, the missile can use any one source for the terminal guidance. In this study, the IR signature of the aircraft surface and potential plume core is analysed and compared from direct bottom view in different IR bands. In the Long Wave Infrared (LWIR) band, the surface emission is higher and in the Medium Wave Infrared (MWIR) band the plume emission is higher. The plume (MWIR) emission is higher than the surface (LWIR) emission for low Mach numbers, but as the Mach number increases the plume (MWIR) to surface (LWIR) emission ratio decreases, and at supersonic Mach numbers the surface LWIR signature is higher than the plume MWIR signature. The plume MWIR to surface LWIR ratio further depends on the engine power, altitude of operation and the emissivity of the aircraft surface. In the reheat mode, plume MWIR emission is always higher than the surface LWIR emission. The dual band IR detector can be a combination of short wave infrared (SWIR)-MWIR, SWIR-LWIR, and the MWIR-LWIR band. The MWIR-LWIR dual band combination is the best suited combination of IR windows for a dual band IR sensor/detector for aircraft application.
Solution theory of fractional SDEs in complete subcritical regimes
Authors: Galeati Lucio , Gerencsér Máté 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWe consider stochastic differential equations (SDEs) driven by a fractional Brownian motion with a drift coefficient that is allowed to be arbitrarily close to criticality in a scaling sense. We develop a comprehensive solution theory that includes strong existence, path-by-path uniqueness, existence of a solution flow of diffeomorphisms, Malliavin differentiability and
$\rho $
-irregularity. As a consequence, we can also treat McKean-Vlasov, transport and continuity equations.
Finding product sets in some classes of amenable groups
Authors: Charamaras Dimitrios , Mountakis Andreas 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIn [15], using methods from ergodic theory, a longstanding conjecture of Erdős (see [5, Page 305]) about sumsets in large subsets of the natural numbers was resolved. In this paper, we extend this result to several important classes of amenable groups, including all finitely generated virtually nilpotent groups and all abelian groups
$(G,+)$
with the property that the subgroup
$2G := \{g+g : g\in G\}$
has finite index. We prove that in any group G from the above classes, any
$A\subset G$
with positive upper Banach density contains a shifted product set of the form
$\{tb_ib_j\colon i<j\}$
, for some infinite sequence
$(b_n)_{n\in \mathbb {N}}$
and some
$t\in G$
. In fact, we show this result for all amenable groups that posses a property which we call square absolute continuity. Our results provide answers to several questions and conjectures posed in [13].
Large-eddy simulations of the noise control of supersonic rectangular jets with bevelled nozzles
Authors: Chen Bao , Fan Yitong , Yin Zifei , Li Gaohua , Li Weipeng 
Published: January 2025

The bevelled nozzle is a promising noise control approach and has been tested to suppress the noise levels in supersonic circular jets, but not in rectangular jets so far. In this study, implicit large-eddy simulations are performed to analyse the noise control of supersonic rectangular jets with single- and double-bevelled nozzles. Three nozzle pressure ratios (

$NPR = 2.3$

, 3.0 and 5.0) are considered to form two over-expanded cold jets and one under-expanded cold jet, exhausted from a baseline convergent–divergent rectangular nozzle with an aspect ratio of 2.0. Results show that, with the increase of

$NPR$

, the oscillation of the jet plume is switched from a symmetrical mode to a flapping mode (preferential in the minor-axis plane), then to a helical mode, together with a reduction of the screech frequency. The amplitude of the screech tone is the strongest in the flapping jet, and the turbulent mixing noise is the most prominent in the helically oscillating jet. The single-bevelled nozzle induces asymmetric shock-cell structures and deflects the jet plumes, and the double-bevelled nozzle primarily enables the enhancement of the shear-layer mixing and shortens the lengths of the jet potential cores. With the bevelled nozzles, the gross thrusts of the baseline nozzle are increased by

$0.05 \sim 7.38$

%. Details on the characteristics of far-field noise in the jets with/without the bevel cuts and their noise control mechanisms are discussed using the Ffowcs Williams–Hawkings acoustic analogy, dynamic mode decomposition and spatio-temporal Fourier transformation. Results suggest that the noise control has a close relationship with the destruction of well-organized coherent structures and the suppression of upstream-propagating guided-jet modes, which interrupt the feedback mechanism accounting for the generation of screech tones in the supersonic rectangular jets.
Categorizing Topics Versus Inferring Attitudes: A Theory and Method for Analyzing Open-ended Survey Responses
Authors: Hobbs William , Green Jon 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Past work on closed-ended survey responses demonstrates that inferring stable political attitudes requires separating signal from noise in “top of the head” answers to researchers’ questions. We outline a corresponding theory of the open-ended response, in which respondents make narrow, stand-in statements to convey more abstract, general attitudes. We then present a method designed to infer those attitudes. Our approach leverages co-variation with words used relatively frequently across respondents to infer what else they could have said without substantively changing what they meant—linking narrow themes to each other through associations with contextually prevalent words. This reflects the intuition that a respondent may use different specific statements at different points in time to convey similar meaning. We validate this approach using panel data in which respondents answer the same open-ended questions (concerning healthcare policy, most important problems, and evaluations of political parties) at multiple points in time, showing that our method’s output consistently exhibits higher within-subject correlations than hand-coding of narrow response categories, topic modeling, and large language model output. Finally, we show how large language models can be used to complement—but not, at present, substitute—our “implied word” method.
Associations between inflammation–related dietary patterns and obesity: A cohort study among Tibetan adults
Authors: Sun Xiaomin , Jian Wenxiu , Tang Xiao , Li Rui , Zhang Bin , Chen Yingxin , Wang Haijing , Zhao Lei , Zhang Yangrui , Kumpei Tanisawa , Shi Zumin , Wang Youfa , Peng Wen 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Substantial changes resulting from the interaction of environmental and dietary factors contribute to an increased risk of obesity, while their specific associations with obesity remain unclear. Identify inflammation-related dietary patterns (DPs) and explore their associations with obesity among urbanized Tibetan adults under significant environmental and dietary changes.Totally, 1826 subjects from the suburbs of Golmud City were enrolled in an open cohort study, of which 514 were followed up. Height, weight, and waist circumference were used to define overweight and obesity. DPs were derived using reduced rank regression with 41 food groups as predictors and hs-CRP and prognostic nutritional index as inflammatory response variables. Altitude was classified as high or ultra-high. Two DPs were extracted. DP-1 was characterized by having high consumptions of sugar-sweetened beverages, savory snacks, and poultry, and a low intake of tsamba. DP-2 had high intakes of poultry, pork, animal offal, and fruits, and a low intake of butter tea. Participants in the highest tertiles (T3) of DPs had increased risks of overweight and obesity (DP-1: OR=1.37, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.77; DP-2: OR=1.48, 95% CI: 1.18, 1.85) than those in the lowest tertiles (T1). Participants in T3 of DP-2 had an increased risk of central obesity (OR=2.25, 95% CI: 1.49, 3.39) than those in T1. The positive association of DP-1 with overweight and obesity was only significant at high altitudes, while no similar effect was observed for DP-2. Inflammation-related DPs were associated with increased risks of overweight and/or obesity.
Optimal linear sofic approximations of countable groups
Authors: Mallahi-Karai Keivan , Mohammadi Yekta Maryam 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Let

$G$

be a group. The notion of linear sofic approximations of

$G$

over an arbitrary field

$F$

was introduced and systematically studied by Arzhantseva and Păunescu [3]. Inspired by one of the results of [3], we introduce and study the invariant

$\kappa _F(G)$

that captures the quality of linear sofic approximations of

$G$

over

$F$

. In this work, we show that when

$F$

has characteristic zero and

$G$

is linear sofic over

$F$

, then

$\kappa _F(G)$

takes values in the interval

$[1/2,1]$

and

$1/2$

cannot be replaced by any larger value. Further, we show that under the same conditions,

$\kappa _F(G)=1$

when

$G$

is torsion-free. These results answer a question posed by Arzhantseva and Păunescu [3] for fields of characteristic zero. One of the new ingredients of our proofs is an effective non-concentration estimates for random walks on finitely generated abelian groups, which may be of independent interest.
Tang ‘cosmopolitanism': Towards a critical and holistic approach
Authors: Yang Shao-yun 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The Tang dynasty is the only period of Chinese history to which the word ‘cosmopolitan’ is now routinely applied in Western-language historical writing. This article traces the origins of this glamorous image of the Tang to the 1950s and 1960s, but also links its current popularity to a more recent increase in the appeal of the concept of cosmopolitanism, as well as the idea of a ‘cosmopolitan empire’ among Western intellectuals since the end of the Cold War. The article then proposes a less presentist and more critical and holistic reading of Tang ‘cosmopolitanism’ as part of a larger, interconnected, multi-centred, and changing medieval world of numerous coexisting cosmopolitanisms, and argues for recognizing the existence of a different but equally important mode of ‘cosmopolitanism’ in the Song.
Assisted reproduction and perinatal emotional wellbeing: findings from a longitudinal study
Authors: Galbally Megan , Bobevski Irene , Wynter Karen , Vollenhoven Beverley 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundThere have been inconsistent findings for an association between assisted reproductive technology (ART) and poorer perinatal emotional wellbeing. This study is to explore whether ART is associated with increased depression and depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms and parenting stress, and poorer antenatal attachment, over the perinatal period from pregnancy to 12 months postpartum.MethodsThis study drew on data collected within an ongoing cohort from 806 women including 42 who had conceived using ART, and all recruited in early pregnancy and followed to 12 months postpartum. Measures included the Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, State and Trait Anxiety Inventory, Maternal Antenatal Attachment Scale and Parenting Stress Index.ResultsWomen who conceived with ART were no more likely to be depressed. They had lower depressive and anxiety symptoms in early pregnancy, higher antenatal attachment and lower parenting stress. However, women who conceived with ART had a significant increase in depressive and anxiety symptoms in late pregnancy which reduced in the postpartum and showed a distinct pattern compared to those who conceived naturally.ConclusionsThis study found that women who conceived with ART did not have poorer emotional wellbeing across the perinatal period. However, in late pregnancy depressive and anxiety symptoms did rise and consideration of this clinically and in future research is warranted.
Allostery
Authors: Montserrat-Canals Mateu , Cordara Gabriele , Krengel Ute 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Allostery describes the ability of biological macromolecules to transmit signals spatially through the molecule from an allosteric site – a site that is distinct from orthosteric binding sites of primary, endogenous ligands – to the functional or active site. This review starts with a historical overview and a description of the classical example of allostery – hemoglobin – and other well-known examples (aspartate transcarbamoylase, Lac repressor, kinases, G-protein-coupled receptors, adenosine triphosphate synthase, and chaperonin). We then discuss fringe examples of allostery, including intrinsically disordered proteins and inter-enzyme allostery, and the influence of dynamics, entropy, and conformational ensembles and landscapes on allosteric mechanisms, to capture the essence of the field. Thereafter, we give an overview over central methods for investigating molecular mechanisms, covering experimental techniques as well as simulations and artificial intelligence (AI)-based methods. We conclude with a review of allostery-based drug discovery, with its challenges and opportunities: with the recent advent of AI-based methods, allosteric compounds are set to revolutionize drug discovery and medical treatments.
Optimizing government outsourcing: a performance management framework for enhancing public service delivery
Authors: Sharma Harsh 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Government outsourcing has become increasingly prevalent, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of the factors that drive success and maximize public value. This study introduces a novel framework for classifying outsourcing arrangements and examines its implications for performance management through a multidisciplinary lens. We identify thematic patterns and highlight the four quadrants of Government Outsourcing Performance Management: Building, Plumbing, Consulting, and Coaching. Each quadrant represents different roles of outsourcing agencies, emphasizing factors like accountability and relationship intensity as critical success differentiators. Our research outlines an adaptive performance management system tailored to these relationships, illustrated through case studies. This innovative approach equips policymakers and public administrators with a robust tool to optimize outsourcing strategies and enhance public value delivery. By offering fresh insights into the complex dynamics of government outsourcing, this paper contributes to both theoretical discourse and practical applications in public administration and management.
Rock cairn and items from ‘Operation Windmill’ (January 1948) rediscovered in Bunger Hills, East Antarctica
Authors: Gore Damian B. , Berg Sonja , Howard Amber E. , Weber Marie 
Published: January 2025

AbstractA rock cairn, with two matchbooks buried beneath, was found on the summit of the highest hill on Thomas Island, Bunger Hills, East Antarctica. The matchbooks are most likely from United States World War II-era ration packs, which were distributed to various military and civilian expeditions from the mid-1940s into the 1950s. Bunger Hills was first visited by United States Navy ‘Operation Highjump’ in February 1947, when a seaplane most likely landed on a marine inlet, rather than a lake as reported previously. Thomas Island was first visited by United States Navy ‘Operation Windmill’ in January 1948, when a survey point was established, and it is probably this location that is marked by the rock cairn. The matchbooks were replaced beneath the cairn and the rocks replaced. Just over 76 years had elapsed between burial of the matchbooks, construction of the cairn and their rediscovery.
The Magician and the Showgirl: Carlo Lombardo and the Crisis of Italian Operetta, c.1920–30
Authors: Ladd Marco 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This article examines the ‘operetta crisis’ that blighted the Italian operetta industry in the 1920s. Little has been written about the crisi dell’operetta in scholarship on Italian operetta to date, despite extensive coverage in contemporary sources. I attribute this neglect to the contested legacy of the composer, impresario and publisher Carlo Lombardo, at the height of his influence in the 1920s and responsible for most of the best-known Italian operettas today. Lombardo’s works embodied critical anxieties about operetta’s perceived artistic degradation, thanks to their overt sexuality and embrace of popular music (i.e. jazz). However, as I argue with reference to the 1925 operetta Cin-ci-là, narratives of artistic decline may miss the true significance of the crisis. Operetta, striving to be a ‘light’ form of opera but never fully accepted as such by the Italian establishment, was ultimately ill-equipped to survive in an entertainment landscape reshaping itself around popular music.
The role of diagnostic modalities in differentiating hypertensive heart disease and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: strategies in adults for potential application in paediatrics
Authors: Wagner Mitchell J. , Morgan Catherine , Rodriguez Lopez Sara , Lin Lily Q. , Freed Darren H. , Pagano Joseph J. , Khoury Michael , Conway Jennifer 
Published: January 2025

AbstractHypertensive heart disease and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy both lead to left ventricular hypertrophy despite differing in aetiology. Elucidating the correct aetiology of the presenting hypertrophy can be a challenge for clinicians, especially in patients with overlapping risk factors. Furthermore, drugs typically used to combat hypertensive heart disease may be contraindicated for the treatment of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, making the correct diagnosis imperative. In this review, we discuss characteristics of both hypertensive heart disease and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy that may enable clinicians to discriminate the two as causes of left ventricular hypertrophy. We summarise the current literature, which is primarily focused on adult populations, containing discriminative techniques available via diagnostic modalities such as electrocardiography, echocardiography, and cardiac MRI, noting strategies yet to be applied in paediatric populations. Finally, we review pharmacotherapy strategies for each disease with regard to pathophysiology.
Synthesizing the Evidence Base to Enhance Coordination between Humanitarian Mine Action and Emergency Care for Casualties of Explosive Ordnance and Explosive Weapons: A Scoping Review
Authors: Wild Hannah , LeBoa Christopher , Markou-Pappas Nikolaos , Trautwein Micah , Persi Loren , Loupforest Christelle , Hottentot Elke , Calvello Hynes Emilie , Denny Jack , Alizada Firoz , Muminova Reykhan , Jewell Teresa , Kasack Sebastian , Pizzino Stacey , Hynes Gregory , Echeverri Lina , Salio Flavio , Wren Sherry M. , Mock Charles , Kushner Adam L. , Stewart Barclay T. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackground:Humanitarian mine action (HMA) stakeholders have an organized presence with well-resourced medical capability in many conflict and post-conflict settings. Humanitarian mine action has the potential to positively augment local trauma care capacity for civilian casualties of explosive ordnance (EO) and explosive weapons (EWs). Yet at present, few strategies exist for coordinated engagement between HMA and the health sector to support emergency care system strengthening to improve outcomes among EO/EW casualties.Methods:A scoping literature review was conducted to identify records that described trauma care interventions pertinent to civilian casualties of EO/EW in resource-constrained settings using structured searches of indexed databases and grey literature. A 2017 World Health Organization (WHO) review on trauma systems components in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) was updated with additional eligible reports describing trauma care interventions in LMICs or among civilian casualties of EO/EWs after 2001.Results:A total of 14,195 non-duplicative records were retrieved, of which 48 reports met eligibility criteria. Seventy-four reports from the 2017 WHO review and 16 reports identified from reference lists yielded 138 reports describing interventions in 47 countries. Intervention efficacy was assessed using heterogenous measures ranging from trainee satisfaction to patient outcomes; only 39 reported mortality differences. Interventions that could feasibly be supported by HMA stakeholders were synthesized into a bundle of opportunities for HMA engagement designated links in a Civilian Casualty Care Chain (C-CCC).Conclusions:This review identified trauma care interventions with the potential to reduce mortality and disability among civilian EO/EW casualties that could be feasibly supported by HMA stakeholders. In partnership with local and multi-lateral health authorities, HMA can leverage their medical capabilities and expertise to strengthen emergency care capacity to improve trauma outcomes in settings affected by EO/EWs.