bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Allied health students' experiences of older adults in residential aged care placements: A scoping review
Authors: Bartrim Karly , Waite Cassandra , Williams Lauren T. , O'Shea Marie‐Claire 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAimTo explore the attitudes and experiences of allied health students working with older adults on residential aged care placements.MethodA systematic literature search was conducted to identify studies of any design describing allied health student experience of residential aged care placements. Online databases searched to identify potentially relevant documents included Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, CINAHL Complete (EBSCOhost) and Health and Medicine (ProQuest). Studies were excluded if residential aged care facilities or allied health professional students could not be extracted from the data. No restrictions were applied to methodological design, language, geographical location or year of publication. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool was used to assess methodological quality. Extracted studies were analysed to identify the study design, participant and placement characteristics, study methodology and student experience measures. Data from the included studies were analysed thematically using meta‐synthesis.ResultsSix studies (total number of participants, n = 308) met inclusion criteria, with four papers scoring a 5/5 on the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Studies included undergraduate and master's students from physiotherapy (n = 3), speech language pathology (n = 2), dietetics (n = 1) and audiology (n = 1). Placement length varied from two to 15 h, between one and six residential aged care visits. Three themes were identified; (1) Opportunity to improve skills and gain confidence, (2) Development of empathy and shift in attitudes towards older adults and (3) Recognised challenges associated with older adults and residential aged care settings.ConclusionWhile the size of the evidence‐base is limited, the studies were largely consistent in demonstrating an increase in positive attitudes towards older adults following residential aged care placements. Future research, innovations and planning around workforce size, preparation and motivation must be prioritised to ensure older adults receive the care they need and deserve.
Factors that predict development of chronic kidney disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving biologic DMARDs and mortality rates
Authors: Sandal Uzun Güllü , Taghiyeva Arzu , Çakır İbrahim Y. , Moral Kenan , Yardımcı Gözde Kübra , Bölek Ertuğrul Ç. , Farisoğulları Bayram , Duran Emine , Ayan Gizem , Özsoy Zehra , Ekici Mustafa , Unaldı Erdinç , Germe Şerife A. , Fırlatan Büşra , Kart‐Bayram Gözde S. , Bilgin Emre , Kılıç Levent , Karadağ Ömer , Akdoğan Ali , Bilgen Şule A. , Kiraz Sedat , Ertenli Ali Ihsan , Kalyoncu Umut 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectivesWe aimed to determine the choice of biologic/targeted synthetic disease‐modifying anti‐rheumatic drugs (b/ts‐DMARDs), factors associated with the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD), and mortality in RA patients with CKD receiving b/ts‐DMARDs.MethodsTwo thousand one hundred forty‐one RA (79.4% female) patients were included in the analysis from the HUR‐BIO prospective registry. Patients were divided into the CKD group and the non‐CKD group. Age and gender‐matched patients were selected from the non‐CKD group, and then three main groups were determined. CKD was staged according to the glomerular filtration rate criteria. The clinical characteristics of the patients, disease activities, treatment choices, drug retention rate, and mortality rates were compared between the groups.ResultsCKD was detected in 90/2141 (4.2%) RA patients on b/ts‐DMARDs. Forty patients (2.3%) developed CKD during follow‐up after the initiation of b/ts‐DMARDs. In the CKD group, anti‐TNF agents were chosen as the first‐line b/ts‐DMARDs therapy in 64.4% of patients, with etanercept leading in 31 (34.4%) patients. In multivariate analysis, age at the start of treatment, DAS‐28‐ESR at last visit, amyloidosis, hypertension, and history of smoking were the factors associated with the development of CKD in RA patients receiving b/ts‐DMARDs. The mortality rate in RA‐CKD patients until the onset of the pandemic was 15.41 per 1000 patient years, whereas it was 85.9 per 1000 patient years after the pandemic.ConclusionComorbidities and control of disease activity are critical in the development of CKD in RA patients receiving b/ts‐DMARDs. While there was no significant difference in mortality rate between CKD and non‐CKD patients, the overall mortality rate increased after the COVID‐19 pandemic duration in both groups.
Disease trajectory of high neuroticism and the relevance to psychiatric disorders: A retro‐prospective cohort study
Authors: Xia Ding , Han Xin , Zeng Yu , Wang Jingru , Xu Kelin , Zhang Tiejun , Jiang Yanfeng , Chen Xingdong , Song Huan , Suo Chen 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundNeuroticism is a psychological personality trait that has a significant impact on public health and is also a potential predisposing factor for adverse disease outcomes; however, comprehensive studies of the subsequently developed conditions are lacking. The starting point of disease trajectory in terms of genetic variation remains unclear.MethodOur study included 344,609 adult participants from the UK Biobank cohort who were virtually followed up from January 1, 1997. Neuroticism levels were assessed using 12 items from the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. We performed a phenome‐wide association analysis of neuroticism and subsequent diseases. Binomial tests and logistic regression models were used to test the temporal directionality and association between disease pairs to construct disease trajectories. We also investigated the association between polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for five psychiatric traits and high neuroticism.ResultsThe risk for 59 diseases was significantly associated with high neuroticism. Depression, anxiety, irritable bowel syndrome, migraine, spondylosis, and sleep disorders were the most likely to develop, with hazard ratios of 6.13, 3.66, 2.28, 1.74, 1.74, and 1.71, respectively. The disease trajectory network revealed two major disease clusters: cardiometabolic and chronic inflammatory diseases. Medium/high genetic risk groups stratified by the PRSs of four psychiatric traits were associated with an elevated risk of high neuroticism. We further identified eight complete phenotypic trajectory clusters of medium or high genetic risk for psychotic, anxiety‐, depression‐, and stress‐related disorders.ConclusionNeuroticism plays an important role in the development of somatic and mental disorders. The full picture of disease trajectories from the genetic risk of psychiatric traits and neuroticism in early life to a series of diseases later provides evidence for future research to explore the etiological mechanisms and precision management.
Nucleic acid‐based small molecules as targeted transcription therapeutics for immunoregulation
Authors: Bai Dan , Ziadlou Reihane , Vaijayanthi Thangavel , Karthikeyan Subramani , Chinnathambi Shanmugavel , Parthasarathy Anutthaman , Cai Li , Brüggen Marie‐Charlotte , Sugiyama Hiroshi , Pandian Ganesh N. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractTranscription therapy is an emerging approach that centers on identifying the factors associated with the malfunctioning gene transcription machinery that causes diseases and controlling them with designer agents. Until now, the primary research focus in therapeutic gene modulation has been on small‐molecule drugs that target epigenetic enzymes and critical signaling pathways. However, nucleic acid‐based small molecules have gained popularity in recent years for their amenability to be pre‐designed and realize operative control over the dynamic transcription machinery that governs how the immune system responds to diseases. Pyrrole–imidazole polyamides (PIPs) are well‐established DNA‐based small‐molecule gene regulators that overcome the limitations of their conventional counterparts owing to their sequence‐targeted specificity, versatile regulatory efficiency, and biocompatibility. Here, we emphasize the rational design of PIPs, their functional mechanisms, and their potential as targeted transcription therapeutics for disease treatment by regulating the immune response. Furthermore, we also discuss the challenges and foresight of this approach in personalized immunotherapy in precision medicine.
Patchwork ethnography
Authors: Günel Gökçe , Watanabe Chika 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMany ethnographers feel the pressure to suspend familial and professional ties to separate “the field” from “home” for prolonged periods. Since 2019, we have been developing the concept of “patchwork ethnography” to spotlight how ethnographers conduct fieldwork amid intersecting personal and professional responsibilities. We interrogate how researchers’ personal lives impact the process of knowledge production, showcase the innovations that have stemmed from efforts to balance multiple commitments, and advocate for writing with rather than against the disruptions that might characterize anthropological research projects. As a discipline that centers reflexivity, anthropology provides the tools to rethink not only our discipline's research practices but also those of other social sciences. Drawing on the discipline's strengths, patchwork ethnography unlocks anthropology's potential to further expand what theory means and who can be considered a theorist.
Comparing pain intensity rating scales in acute postoperative pain: boundary values and category disagreements
Authors: Moore R. A. , Clephas P. R. D. , Straube S. , Wertli M. M. , Ireson‐Paige J. , Heesen M. 
Published: December 2023

SummaryPain intensity assessment scales are important in evaluating postoperative pain and guiding management. Different scales can be used for patients to self‐report their pain, but research determining cut points between mild, moderate and severe pain has been limited to studies with < 1500 patients. We examined 13,017 simultaneous acute postoperative pain ratings from 913 patients taken at rest and on activity, between 4 h and 48 h following surgery using both a verbal rating scale (no, mild, moderate or severe pain) and 0–100 mm visual analogue scale. We determined the best cut points on the visual analogue scale between mild and moderate pain as 35 mm, and moderate and severe pain as 80 mm. These remained consistent for pain at rest and on activity, and over time. We also explored the presence of category disagreements, defined as patients verbally describing no or mild pain scored above the mild/moderate cut point on the visual analogue scale, and patients verbally describing moderate or severe pain scored below the mild/moderate cut point on the visual analogue scale. Using 30 and 60 mm cut points, 1533 observations (12%) showed a category disagreement and using 35 and 80 mm cut points, 1632 (13%) showed a category disagreement. Around 1 in 8 simultaneous pain scores implausibly disagreed, possibly resulting in incorrect pain reporting. The reasons are not known but low rates of literacy and numeracy may be contributing factors. Understanding these disagreements between pain scales is important for pain research and medical practice.
Naturalizing dying at home for older adults: A critical analysis of policy texts
Authors: Scott Erin , Funk Laura , Cherba Maria , Krawczyk Marian , Rounce Andrea , Stajduhar Kelli , Robin Cohen S. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPublic policy initiatives, opinion surveys, and public rhetoric in Canada suggest people wish to die at home. Discourse analysis of statements, policies, reports, and websites of municipal, provincial, and federal governments show how public policy narratives reflect specific understandings of dying at home. Dying is positioned as best kept within the private “home” space. Though frequently framed as a choice, subtle rhetoric also prioritizes home as the ideal place for care at the end of life, and death. Home death preferences are naturalized as common‐sense. Along with more nuance in policy communications, transparency in how evidence informs policy is needed.
The mechanism of Semen Persicae‐Flos Carthami in treating hypertrophic scar: A study based on network pharmacological analysis and in vitro experiments
Authors: Li Xixi , Huang Zhipeng , Chao Hua , Lin Xunxun 
Published: December 2023

AbstractTraditional medicine believes that hypertrophic scar (HS) falls into the category of “blood stasis”. Chinese herbs for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, activating meridians, and relieving pain are usually selected to treat HS by traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Both Semen Persicae (SP) and Flos Carthami (FC) are confirmed to be effective for HS. Clinically, SP and FC are often used in combination with each other. However, the pharmacodynamic mechanism and molecular target of SP‐FC in the treatment of HS are still unclear. Therefore, this study is intended to explore the mechanism and target of SP‐FC in the treatment of HS through network pharmacology combined with in vitro cell and molecular biology experiments. Target genes of SP‐FC were obtained from the traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform (TCMSP), and targets of HS‐related diseases were searched from databases such as Disgenet and GeneCards. Based on the targets searched and obtained, a Venn diagram was plotted to acquire common targets of SP‐FC‐HS. Next, STRING 11.0 was employed for protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis of common targets; and cytoscape 3.9.0 for connection relationship analysis of PPI and plotting of a “drug‐component‐target” network diagram. Besides, a modified explant culture method was applied to separate primary hypertrophic scar fibroblasts (HSFs); MTT assay to detect cell viability of HSFs after treatment by SP‐FC for 24 h; Annexin V‐FITC/PI double staining combined with flow cytometry to test apoptosis; western blot to check the protein expression level of p53; and real‐time fluorescence quantitative PCR to determine mRNA level of p53. In the analysis of network pharmacology, 269 pharmacological targets of SP, 449 pharmacological targets of FC, and 2569 targets of HS‐related diseases were screened from the databases. After plotting the Venn diagram, 116 common targets of SP‐FC‐HS were acquired. In vitro experiments showed that the expression of p53 in HSFs was decreased. SP‐FC significantly reduces the viability of HSFs, increases p53 levels in HSFs, and promotes apoptosis. SP‐FC can reduce scar formation by promoting p53 expression.
Preliminary evidence supporting the use of equine science podcasts to bridge the gap between scientists and horse enthusiasts to improve horse welfare
Authors: Acton Kate , McLean Nancy , MacKay Jill R. D. 
Published: December 2023

SummaryBackgroundPodcasts have become a popular digital forum for discussing scientific information with peers, as well as with the non‐scientific community, often referred to as ‘edutainment’. It is unclear how science‐based podcasts can support the veterinary industry through, for example, supporting good husbandry practices.ObjectivesTo understand the influence of ‘edutainment’ on equine owners' husbandry decisions.Study designThe sample population were listeners of the Conversations in Equine Science (CES) podcast recruited to complete an online survey via a link promoted by the CES hosts. The survey contained Likert‐like questions assessing how listeners rated the importance of different forms of evidence when making husbandry decisions and questions relating to husbandry changes made.MethodsA mixed methods approach was used to analyse the data. The Likert package for R was used to explore importance ratings. Free text questions were analysed via a content analysis with a constructionist epistemological position.ResultsThe experience of veterinarians and scientific evidence were considered the most important forms of evidence that owners used when making decisions about their horse's management (93% agreed and 91% agreed they were important respectively). Additionally, 74% of respondents had made a change to the management or training principles prompted by an episode of CES, suggesting edutainment can be a prompt to management change. Of these, the majority (55%) had done so based on a joint discussion of the podcast and their own reading of the evidence.Main limitationsThis was an opportunistic sample of those already invested in the edutainment format and may not represent those owners with no interest in scientific evidence.ConclusionsPodcasts are an easy‐access, low‐cost medium to convey research and current trends in the equine/equitation science genre. They may be a valuable tool for the veterinary industry to employ to support horse welfare.
Bridging the gap between scientific discoveries and clinical application at the Utrecht Science Park
Authors: Peperzak Victor , Coquet Jonathan M 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAssociate Professor Victor Peperzak from the University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht in the Netherlands discusses the opportunities and challenges of building a research group in the Netherlands. Victor highlights the scientific strengths of UMC Utrecht in juxtaposition with other universities and centers around the Netherlands, and highlights the collaborative nature of the Dutch research scene.
Implementing the nurse practitioner role in Oman: Implications for policymaking
Authors: Al Ismaili Zeyana A. , Schober Madrean , Gary Faye , Dolansky Mary A. , Al‐Maqbali Majid , Al Touby Salem , Al Junaibi Suad M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn Oman, limited access to adequately prepared healthcare providers in primary healthcare threatens the provision of quality care to patients and families and access to healthcare services. Nurse practitioners (NP) are in an excellent position to address safety issues and ensure quality healthcare with their advanced nursing skills, knowledge, and acumen for acceptable cultural and religious practices.AimsTo explain Oman's national strategic plans, processes, challenges, opportunities, and both regional and global implications for the facilitation of NP role implementation and policies.Sources of evidenceThe Nursing and Midwifery Human Resources framework guided the NP implementation project. Guided by the framework, the World Health Organization and the Omani Ministry of Health conducted multiple situational analyses (2004–2016). Later, the NP role was planned and implemented in Oman. During and after implementation, monitoring and evaluation of the NP role implementation were continuously conducted using multiple focus groups, individual interviews, and field visits.DiscussionThe NP role implementation revealed multiple challenges and opportunities that either hinder or support NP role implementation. Additionally, the NP implementation project revealed various lessons learned.Implications for nursing and health policyNational and global nursing leaders and health policymakers should collaborate to discuss NP issues, especially NP role sustainability, legal approval and recognition, prescriptive authority, title protection, practice acts, and professional regulation.ConclusionThis paper informs nursing leaders and policymakers in the Middle East and other countries in the global community about Oman's experience regarding NP role implementation.
How people, rainfall and vegetation shape tropical island fire regimes across Micronesia
Authors: Trauernicht Clay , Frazier Abby G. , Dendy Julian , Bubb Ilan , Camacho‐Fejeran Christine , Friday James B. , King Romina , Manglona James , Ruegorong Francis , Singeo Ann , Giardina Christian P. , Cordell Susan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAimTo provide the first regional analysis of contemporary drivers of Pacific Island fire regimes.LocationIslands of Palau, Yap, Guam, Rota, Tinian, Saipan, Chuuk, Pohnpei, Kosrae.Time Period1950‐present.MethodsWe used land cover, soil maps and contemporary fire histories to (1) describe the relationships among fire activity, vegetation, rainfall and island geography and population; (2) examine the spatial associations of forest and savanna vegetation with respect to fire and soil types; and (3) link fire and savanna distribution to intra‐annual and inter‐annual rainfall variability.ResultsSavanna extent was positively correlated with island age and the range of mean monthly rainfall. The percent of area burned annually reached upwards of 2%–10% of island land areas, correlated positively with rainfall seasonality, and occurred largely within savannas. Savannas were more frequent on acidic soils with higher aluminium than forests but distributed across all soil types. El Niño intensity correlated negatively with dry season rainfall over the entire study region and positively with annual area burned on Guam.Main ConclusionsThe contemporary extents of savannas in Micronesia reflect Pacific Islanders' long‐term use of fire to shape vegetation and are modulated by inter‐ and intra‐annual rainfall variability. These relationships provide baseline information for ongoing fire management and mitigation projects throughout Micronesia and critical insight for assessing and anticipating fire risk in other insular areas where fire data are limited.
Critical evaluation of established risk prediction models for acute respiratory distress syndrome in adult patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wei Tao , Peng Siyi , Li Xuying , Li Jinhua , Gu Mengdan , Li Xiaoling 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAimTo assess the performance of validated prediction models for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) by systematic review and meta‐analysis.MethodsEight databases (Medline, CINAHL, Embase, The Cochrane Library, CNKI, WanFang Data, Sinomed, and VIP) were searched up to March 26, 2023. Studies developed and validated a prediction model for ARDS in adult patients were included. Items on study design, incidence, derivation methods, predictors, discrimination, and calibration were collected. The risk of bias was assessed by the Prediction model Risk of Bias Assessment Tool. Models with a reported area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic (AUC) metric were analyzed.ResultsA total of 25 studies were retrieved, including 48 unique prediction models. Discrimination was reported in all studies, with AUC ranging from 0.701 to 0.95. Emerged AUC value of the logistic regression model was 0.837 (95% CI: 0.814 to 0.859). Besides, the value in the ICU group was 0.856 (95% CI: 0.812 to 0.899), the acute pancreatitis group was 0.863 (95% CI: 0.844 to 0.882), and the postoperation group was 0.835 (95% CI: 0.808 to 0.861). In total, 24 of the included studies had a high risk of bias, which was mostly due to the improper methods in predictor screening (13/24), model calibration assessment (9/24), and dichotomization of continuous predictors (6/24).ConclusionsThis study shows that most prediction models for ARDS are at high risk of bias, and the discrimination ability of the model is excellent. Adherence to standardized guidelines for model development is necessary to derive a prediction model of value to clinicians.
Confidence management in contests
Authors: Deng Shanglyu , Fang Hanming , Fu Qiang , Wu Zenan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAn incumbent employee competes against a new hire for bonuses or promotions. The incumbent's perception of the new hire's ability distribution is biased. This bias can result in overconfidence or underconfidence. We show that debiasing may be counterproductive in incentivizing efforts. We then explore whether a firm that values employees’ efforts should disclose an informative signal about the new hire's type and we characterize the conditions under which transparency or opacity is optimal for the firm. We further consider four extensions to the model. Our results contribute to the extensive discussion of confidence management and organizational transparency in firms.