bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Goals and Strategies to Solve Peer Conflict: Comparison by Aggression Trajectories
Authors: Douglas Brooke , Orpinas Pamela 
Published: February 2024

Objective.
Prior research identified three trajectories of adolescent aggressive behavior from Grades 6 to 12:
Low, Medium Desisting, and High Desisting Aggression. This study examined whether youth in these trajectories
differed in their goals and strategies to solve conflict.
Method.
The sample consisted of 620 randomly selected
students participating in the Healthy Teens Longitudinal Study. Participants attended schools in Northeast
Georgia, USA. Mean scores were plotted for the seven years, and analysis of variance was used to examine
whether student endorsement of goals and strategies differed by aggression trajectories.
Results.
Self-reported
student goals and strategies were stable over time. At Grade 6 and 12, significantly more students in the Low
Aggression trajectory endorsed positive goals and strategies to resolve peer conflict, and significantly more
students in the two more aggressive trajectories endorsed aggressive goals and strategies. Youth in the two
more aggressive trajectories did not differ in goals or strategies. Seeking help from a teacher did not vary by
aggression trajectory or grade level.
Conclusion.
Given the stability of goals and strategies, school should
implement programs early to enhance social-cognitive factors affecting students’ behavior in peer conflict
situations, and thus prevent violence and enhance a positive school climate.
Recombinant parainfluenza virus 5 expressing clade 2.3.4.4b H5 hemagglutinin protein confers broad protection against H5Ny influenza viruses
Authors: Li Han , Sun Haoran , Tao Mengyan , Han Qiqi , Yu Haili , Li Jiaqi , Lu Xue , Tong Qi , Pu Juan , Sun Yipeng , Liu Litao , Liu Jinhua , Sun Honglei 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

The global circulation of clade 2.3.4.4b H5Ny highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) in poultry and wild birds, increasing mammal infections, continues to pose a public health threat and may even form a pandemic. An efficacious vaccine against H5Ny HPAIVs is crucial for emergency use and pandemic preparedness. In this study, we developed a parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5)-based vaccine candidate expressing hemagglutinin (HA) protein of clade 2.3.4.4b H5 HPAIV, termed rPIV5-H5, and evaluated its safety and efficacy in mice and ferrets. Our results demonstrated that intranasal immunization with a single dose of rPIV5-H5 could stimulate H5-specific antibody responses, moreover, a prime-boost regimen using rPIV5-H5 stimulated robust humoral, cellular, and mucosal immune responses in mice. Challenge study showed that rPIV5-H5 prime-boost regimen provided sterile immunity against lethal clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 virus infection in mice and ferrets. Notably, rPIV5-H5 prime-boost regimen provided protection in mice against challenge with lethal doses of heterologous clades 2.2, 2.3.2, and 2.3.4 H5N1, and clade 2.3.4.4h H5N6 viruses. These results revealed that rPIV5-H5 can elicit protective immunity against a diverse clade of highly pathogenic H5Ny virus infection in mammals, highlighting the potential of rPIV5-H5 as a pan-H5 influenza vaccine candidate for emergency use.

IMPORTANCE
Clade 2.3.4.4b H5Ny highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) have been widely circulating in wild birds and domestic poultry all over the world, leading to infections in mammals, including humans. Here, we developed a recombinant PIV5-vectored vaccine candidate expressing the HA protein of clade 2.3.4.4b H5 virus. Intranasal immunization with rPIV5-H5 in mice induced airway mucosal IgA responses, high levels of antibodies, and robust T-cell responses. Importantly, rPIV5-H5 conferred complete protection in mice and ferrets against clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 virus challenge, the protective immunity was extended against heterologous H5Ny viruses. Taken together, our data demonstrate that rPIV5-H5 is a promising vaccine candidate against diverse H5Ny influenza viruses in mammals.
Translational success of fundamental virology: a VSV-vectored Ebola vaccine
Authors: Anderson Elizabeth M. , Coller Beth-Ann G. 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Ebola virus disease (EVD) caused by Ebola virus (EBOV) is a severe, often fatal, hemorrhagic disease. A critical component of the public health response to curb EVD epidemics is the use of a replication-competent, recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rVSV)-vectored Ebola vaccine, rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP (ERVEBO). In this Gem, we will discuss the past and ongoing development of rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP, highlighting the importance of basic science and the strength of public-private partnerships to translate fundamental virology into a licensed VSV-vectored Ebola vaccine.
Hemophore-like proteins of the HmuY family in the oral and gut microbiome: unraveling the mystery of their evolution
Authors: Olczak Teresa , Śmiga Michał , Antonyuk Svetlana V. , Smalley John W. 
Published: February 2024

SUMMARY

Heme (iron protoporphyrin IX, FePPIX) is the main source of iron and PPIX for host-associated pathogenic bacteria, including members of the Bacteroidota (formerly Bacteroidetes) phylum.
Porphyromonas gingivalis
, a keystone oral pathogen, uses a unique heme uptake (Hmu) system, comprising a hemophore-like protein, designated as the first member of the novel HmuY family. Compared to classical, secreted hemophores utilized by Gram-negative bacteria or near-iron transporter domain-based hemophores utilized by Gram-positive bacteria, the HmuY family comprises structurally similar proteins that have undergone diversification during evolution. The best characterized are
P. gingivalis
HmuY and its homologs from
Tannerella forsythia
(Tfo),
Prevotella intermedia
(PinO and PinA),
Bacteroides vulgatus
(Bvu), and
Bacteroides fragilis
(BfrA, BfrB, and BfrC). In contrast to the two histidine residues coordinating heme iron in
P. gingivalis
HmuY, Tfo, PinO, PinA, Bvu, and BfrA preferentially use two methionine residues. Interestingly, BfrB, despite conserved methionine residue, binds the PPIX ring without iron coordination. BfrC binds neither heme nor PPIX in keeping with the lack of conserved histidine or methionine residues used by other members of the HmuY family. HmuY competes for heme binding and heme sequestration from host hemoproteins with other members of the HmuY family to increase
P. gingivalis
competitiveness. The participation of HmuY in the host immune response confirms its relevance in relation to the survival of
P. gingivalis
and its ability to induce dysbiosis not only in the oral microbiome but also in the gut microbiome or other host niches, leading to local injuries and involvement in comorbidities.
High-fat diet feeding exacerbates HIV-1 rectal transmission
Authors: Lohani Saroj Chandra , Ramer-Tait Amanda E. , Li Qingsheng 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

High-fat diet (HFD) is well known to impact various aspects of gut health and has been associated with many diseases and inflammation. However, the impact of HFD feeding on HIV-1 rectal transmission has not yet been well addressed. With an increasing threat of HIV-1 infection in men who have sex with men (MSM), where the rectal route is the primary mode of infection, it is imperative to understand the impact of HFD on gut microbiota and inflammation and consequently, its effect on HIV-1 rectal transmission. Here, we utilized our double humanized bone marrow, liver, thymus (dHu-BLT) mouse model to assess the impact of HFD feeding on the host’s susceptibility to HIV-1 rectal transmission. We found that feeding an HFD successfully altered the gut microbial composition within 3 weeks in the dHu-BLT mouse model. In addition, levels of inflammatory mediators, specifically IL-12p70, IP-10, ICAM-1, and fecal calprotectin, were significantly higher in HFD-fed mice compared to control mice on a regular chow diet. We also observed that significantly different inflammatory markers (IL-12p70 and ICAM-1) were negatively correlated with the number of observed ASVs, Shannon diversity, and Faith’s diversity in the HFD-fed group. Notably, when repeatedly challenged with a low dose of HIV-1
via
a rectal route, mice receiving an HFD were significantly more susceptible to HIV-1 rectal infection than control mice. Together, these results underscore the impact of HFD feeding on the gut microbiota and inflammation and suggest the significance of diet-induced gut microbial dysbiosis and inflammation in promoting viral infection.

IMPORTANCE
HFD induces gut microbial dysbiosis and inflammation and has been associated with many infections and disease progression; however, its impact on HIV-1 rectal transmission is largely unknown. Given the increasing threat of HIV-1 incidence in men who have sex with men (MSM), it has become crucial to comprehend the impact of factors associated with gut health, like HFD consumption, on host susceptibility to HIV-1 rectal transmission. This is particularly important since anal intercourse remains the primary mode of HIV transmission within the MSM group. In this study, utilizing our unique mouse model, featuring both the human immune system and gut microbiota, we showed that HFD feeding led to gut microbial dysbiosis, induced inflammation, and increased HIV-1 rectal transmission. Collectively, our study highlights the significant impact of HFD on gut microbiota and inflammation and suggests an HFD consumption as a potential risk factor for promoting HIV-1 rectal susceptibility.
Cohort profile: rationale and design of the Resource Center for Health Science (RECHS) project – a study of health hazards and medical cost burden among the Japanese population
Authors: Morishita Tetsuji , Takemura Masao , Hayashi Makoto , Saito Kuniaki , Yamamoto Yasuko , Tsurumi Hisashi , Matsunami Hidetoshi 
Published: February 2024

PurposeThe increased global burden of non-communicable diseases and mental disorders is an urgent health challenge for countries around the entire world, especially those experiencing super-ageing societies, where over 21% of the population is age 65 years or older. Japan is the world’s most rapidly ageing society, and as a result, medical costs are also rising dramatically. With the aims of establishing a foundational framework for future research efforts, primarily focusing on the development of a personal health record (PHR) system, and creating a long-term repository for bioresources integrated with PHRs, this study investigated potential health risks and future healthcare burdens based on a longitudinal analysis of health records.ParticipantsThe Resource Center for Health Science (RECHS) project is a long-term, prospective biobank project, population and health check-up-based cohort that primarily investigates the associations between lifestyle and environmental factors and some surrogate markers of non-communicable diseases, such as diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease and cancer. Starting in 2010, we initiated an annual cohort study among voluntary participants recruited from health check-up programmes and collected data from the following sources: a self-administered baseline questionnaire that included items on dietary habits and stress, a Brief Self-Administered Diet History Questionnaire, the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale and the General Health Questionnaire-28.Findings to dateFor this prospective cohort study, we planned to enrol approximately 10 000 participants. We collected and stored serum samples from all participants for future analyses. The study participants who still were able to participate in these health check-ups and their outcomes were then obtained from the measurements and questionnaire responses.Future plansInsights emerging from the RECHS study can provide researchers and public health policy administrators with evidence to aid in the prevention of non-communicable diseases and clarify the most malleable status to implement preventive measures.
Prognostic and predictive value of angiogenesis-associated serum proteins for immunotherapy in esophageal cancer
Authors: Gao Mengting , Wu Xueying , Jiao Xi , Hu Ying , Wang Yanni , Zhuo Na , Dong Fengxiao , Wang Yujiao , Wang Fengyuan , Cao Yanshuo , Liu Chang , Li Jian , Shen Lin , Zhang Henghui , Lu Zhihao 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have significantly improved patient survival in multiple cancers. However, therapy response in esophageal cancer is limited to subgroups of patients and clinically useful predictive biomarkers are lacking.MethodsWe collected a series of plasma samples from 91 patients with esophageal cancer before and after ICI treatment. The Olink Immuno-Oncology panel (92 proteins) with proximity extension assays was used to detect the dynamic changes in plasma and potential biomarkers associated with treatment outcomes. We screened all survival-related proteins and established a risk score model to better predict the prognosis and treatment response in patients with esophageal cancer immunotherapy.ResultsWe found that 47 out of 92 quantified proteins had significant changes in plasma levels during ICI treatment (p<0.050), and these changed proteins were involved in immune-related reactions, such as intercellular adhesion and T-cell activation. Notably, the baseline levels of three angiogenesis-related proteins (IL-8, TIE2, and HGF) were significantly associated with the survival outcomes of patients treated with ICIs (p<0.050). According to these prognostic proteins, we established an angiogenesis-related risk score, which could be a superior biomarker for ICI response prediction. In addition, antiangiogenic therapy combined with ICIs significantly improved overall survival compared with ICI monotherapy (p=0.044).ConclusionsAn angiogenesis-related risk score based on three proteins (IL-8, TIE2, and HGF) could predict ICI response and prognosis in patients with esophageal cancer, which warrants verification in the future. Our study highlights the potential application of combining ICIs and antiangiogenic therapy and supports Olink plasma protein sequencing as a liquid biopsy method for biomarker exploration.
Salmonella-mediated methionine deprivation drives immune activation and enhances immune checkpoint blockade therapy in melanoma
Authors: Zhou Sujin , Zhang Shiwei , Zheng Kexin , Li Zixuan , Hu Enyu , Mu Yunping , Mai Jialuo , Zhao Allan , Zhao Zhenggang , Li Fanghong 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundAlthough immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-based therapy is advantageous for patients with advanced melanoma, resistance and relapse are frequent. Thus, it is crucial to identify effective drug combinations and develop new therapies for the treatment of melanoma. SGN1, a genetically modifiedSalmonella typhimuriumspecies that causes the targeted deprivation of methionine in tumor tissues, is currently under investigation in clinical trials. However, the inhibitory effect of SGN1 on melanoma and the benefits of SGN1 in combination with ICIs remain largely unexplored. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the antitumor potential of SGN1, and its ability to enhance the efficacy of antibody-based programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors in the treatment of murine melanoma.MethodsThe antitumor activity of SGN1 and the effect of SGN1 on the efficacy of PD-L1 inhibitors was studied through murine melanoma models. Further, The Cancer Genome Atlas-melanoma cohort was clustered using ConsensusClusterPlus based on the methionine deprivation-related genes, and immune characterization was performed using xCell, Microenvironment Cell Populations-counter, Estimation of Stromal and Immune cells in MAlignant Tumor tissues using Expression data, and immunophenoscore (IPS) analyses. The messenger RNA data on programmed death-1 (PD-1) immunotherapy response were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis of methionine deprivation-up gene set was performed to determine the differences between pretreatment responders and non-responders.ResultsThis study showed that both, the intratumoral and the intravenous administration of SGN1 in subcutaneous B16-F10 melanomas, suppress tumor growth, which was associated with an activated CD8+T-cell response in the tumor microenvironment. Combination therapy of SGN1 with systemic anti-PD-L1 therapy resulted in better antitumor activity than the individual monotherapies, respectively, and the high therapeutic efficacy of the combination was associated with an increase in the systemic level of tumor-specific CD8+T cells. Two clusters consisting of methionine deprivation-related genes were identified. Patients in cluster 2 had higher expression of methionine_deprivation_up genes, better clinical outcomes, and higher immune infiltration levels compared with patients in cluster 1. Western blot, IPS analysis, and immunotherapy cohort study revealed that methionine deficiency may show a better response to ICI therapyConclusions：This study reportsSalmonella-based SGN1 as a potent anticancer agent against melanoma, and lays the groundwork for the potential synergistic effect of ICIs and SGN1 brought about by improving the immune microenvironment in melanomas.
The Right to Language in School: Russian Sámi
Authors: Zmyvalova Ekaterina 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This paper is about Sámi children’s right to learn their language in school in Russia (henceforth referred to as RtL). First, the core elements of this right are deduced from the international and regional instruments. These elements are legal recognition, non-discrimination, participation, appropriate education, and high-quality education. Then, the Russian legal acts are analysed to identify to what extent these elements are present in the Russian legal acts. The paper demonstrates that the five deduced elements of the RtL are found in the relevant Russian legal acts. However, the contents of some of these elements in the Russian legal acts are different from the contents of the corresponding elements deduced from the international and regional legal instruments. The paper also identifies challenges in the Russian legal acts that hinder the realisation of the RtL.
Advanced waveform analysis of the photoplethysmogram signal using complementary signal processing techniques for the extraction of biomarkers of cardiovascular function
Authors: Mathieu Aristide Jun Wen , Pascual Miquel Serna , Charlton Peter H , Volovaya Maria , Venton Jenny , Aston Philip J , Nandi Manasi , Alastruey Jordi 
Published: February 2024

Introduction Photoplethysmogram signals from wearable devices typically measure heart rate and blood oxygen saturation, but contain a wealth of additional information about the cardiovascular system. In this study, we compared two signal-processing techniques: fiducial point analysis and Symmetric Projection Attractor Reconstruction, on their ability to extract new cardiovascular information from a photoplethysmogram signal. The aim was to identify fiducial point analysis and Symmetric Projection Attractor Reconstruction indices that could classify photoplethysmogram signals, according to age, sex and physical activity. Methods Three datasets were used: an in-silico dataset of simulated photoplethysmogram waves for healthy male participants (25–75 years old); an in-vivo dataset containing 10-min photoplethysmogram recordings from 57 healthy subjects at rest (18–39 or > 70 years old; 53% female); and an in-vivo dataset containing photoplethysmogram recordings collected for 4 weeks from a single subject, in daily life. The best-performing indices from the in-silico study (5/48 fiducial point analysis and 6/49 Symmetric Projection Attractor Reconstruction) were applied to the in-vivo datasets. Results Key fiducial point analysis and Symmetric Projection Attractor Reconstruction indices, which showed the greatest differences between groups, were found to be consistent across datasets. These indices were related to systolic augmentation, diastolic peak positioning and prominence, and waveform variability. Both fiducial point analysis and Symmetric Projection Attractor Reconstruction techniques provided indices that supported the classification of age and physical activity, but not sex. Conclusions Both fiducial point analysis and Symmetric Projection Attractor Reconstruction techniques demonstrated utility in identifying cardiovascular differences between individuals and within an individual over time. Future research should investigate the potential utility of these techniques for extracting information on fitness and disease, to support healthcare-decision making.
Venous and arterial thrombosis in patients with VEXAS syndrome
Authors: Kusne Yael , Ghorbanzadeh Atefeh , Dulau-Florea Alina , Shalhoub Ruba , Alcedo Pedro E. , Nghiem Khanh , Ferrada Marcela A. , Hines Alexander , Quinn Kaitlin A. , Panicker Sumith R. , Ombrello Amanda K. , Reichard Kaaren , Darden Ivana , Goodspeed Wendy , Durrani Jibran , Wilson Lorena , Olteanu Horatiu , Lasho Terra , Kastner Daniel L. , Warrington Kenneth J. , Mangaonkar Abhishek , Go Ronald S. , Braylan Raul C. , Beck David B. , Patnaik Mrinal M. , Young Neal S. , Calvo Katherine R. , Casanegra Ana I. , Grayson Peter C. , Koster Matthew J. , Wu Colin O. , Kanthi Yogendra , Patel Bhavisha A. , Houghton Damon E. , Groarke Emma M. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
VEXAS (vacuoles, E1 enzyme, X-linked, autoinflammatory, somatic) syndrome, caused by somatic mutations in UBA1, is an autoinflammatory disorder with diverse systemic manifestations. Thrombosis is a prominent clinical feature of VEXAS syndrome. The risk factors and frequency of thrombosis in VEXAS syndrome are not well described, due to the disease’s recent discovery and the paucity of large databases. We evaluated 119 patients with VEXAS syndrome for venous and arterial thrombosis and correlated their presence with clinical outcomes and survival. Thrombosis occurred in 49% of patients, mostly venous thromboembolism (VTE; 41%). Almost two-thirds of VTEs were unprovoked, 41% were recurrent, and 20% occurred despite anticoagulation. The cumulative incidence of VTE was 17% at 1 year from symptom onset and 40% by 5 years. Cardiac and pulmonary inflammatory manifestations were associated with time to VTE. M41L was positively associated specifically with pulmonary embolism by univariate (odds ratio [OR]: 4.58, confidence interval [CI] 1.28-16.21, P = .02) and multivariate (OR: 16.94, CI 1.99-144.3, P = .01) logistic regression. The cumulative incidence of arterial thrombosis was 6% at 1 year and 11% at 5 years. The overall survival of the entire patient cohort at median follow-up time of 4.8 years was 88%, and there was no difference in survival between patients with or without thrombosis (P = .8). Patients with VEXAS syndrome are at high risk of VTE; thromboprophylaxis should administered be in high-risk settings unless strongly contraindicated.