bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel protocol for fouling detection of reverse osmosis membrane based on methylene blue colorimetric method by image processing technique
Authors: Raval Hiren , Sharma Ritika , Srivastava Ashish 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

In the current study, a novel methylene blue (MB)-based colorimetric method for a quick, inexpensive, and facile approach for the determination of fouling intensity of reverse osmosis (RO) membrane has been reported. This technique is based on the interaction of MB with the organic foulants and shows the corresponding change in the colour intensity depending on the severity of fouling. The organic foulants, such as albumin, sodium alginate, and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), were chosen as model foulants, and the membranes were subjected to foul under extreme fouling conditions. The fouled membranes underwent an MB treatment followed by image-processing analyses. The severity of surface fouling of membranes was evaluated in terms of fouling intensity and correlated with the corresponding decline of permeate flux. The maximum fouling intensity of the albumin, sodium alginate, and CMC sodium were found to be 8.83, 23.38, and 9.19%, respectively, for the definite concentration of foulants. The physico-chemical interactions of the given foulants and MB were confirmed by changes in zeta potentials and increased sizes of the foulant by the dynamic light scattering technique. The surface fouling over the membrane surface was confirmed by the characterization of membranes.
Leituras com o gênero meme em língua inglesa: produção de sentidos interculturais das linguagens híbridas em plataformas virtuais
Authors: Santos Ramos Naíse Paula , Lima de Almeida Risonete 
Published: December 2023

O presente artigo, oriundo de um projeto de iniciação científica, busca compreender de que forma a leitura de memes numa perspectiva intercultural pode auxiliar no desenvolvimento da criticidade e da autonomia, bem como na sensibilização para questões culturais nos formandos do curso de Licenciatura em Letras, Língua Inglesa e Literaturas da Universidade do Estado da Bahia, Campus II – Alagoinhas, ainda com o intento de aproximar as metodologias de ensino de LI da realidade de seus futuros estudantes. Para tanto, o projeto baseia-se na acepção discursiva dos gêneros (Bakhtin, 2006; Marcuschi, 2002), como refletores das sociedades e influenciadores diretos delas, alinhando-se, por conseguinte, com a teoria da cultura da convergência de Jenkins (2013) para compreender o fenômeno de democratização dos meios de produção de conteúdo, contexto social em que os memes surgem. O conceito de leitura ao qual vinculamos nesta pesquisa é holístico (Freire, 2011), de modo a apreciar o meme em sua esfera estrutural e extralinguística, permitindo, assim, a abordagem do aspecto intercultural no gênero. Seguindo as metas pré-estabelecidas, realizamos a leitura do aporte teórico inicial, a seleção de outros textos que convergissem com a temática proposta e a produção de resenhas e fichamentos sobre eles. Após este movimento de familiarização com a bibliografia/referências, estabelecemos os critérios de seleção dos memes para as oficinas que serão pautadas nos preceitos de pesquisa colaborativa (Ibiapina, 2016) e elaboramos os tópicos a serem explanados e estudados de forma conjunta em sessões colaborativas. Por meio da leitura e produção de memes em língua inglesa, percebemos a presença de elementos, imbricados à interculturalidade, que permitiam o desenvolvimento da criticidade e da competência intercultural dos professores em formação, assim como o aperfeiçoamento do senso pedagógico dos mesmos.
Statistical Analysis of the Socio-Economic Situation in St. Petersburg in the Context of Crises
Authors: Dekina M. P. , Goncharov D. S. , Naumenko M. A. , Chernova S. A. 
Published: December 2023

Purpose of the study. Statistical research of the socio-economic development issues of the region acquires special significance in crisis situations. Statistical methods make it possible to quantify the current situation, identify the impact of crisis phenomena and forecast the development of the region. In the analysis of socio-economic development, both economic characteristics (GDP, production and distribution) and direct indicators of the standard of living of the population (unemployment level, personal income and wages) are the key ones. The purpose of this paper is to statistically assess the impact of crisis situations on the socio-economic situation in St. Petersburg.Materials and methods. The information base for the study was official data from the Federal State Statistics Service. The paper uses methods of time series analysis, cluster analysis and analysis of structural changes.Results. Based on the results of the study, the main periods in the dynamics of the main socio-economic indexes were identified. Special attention is paid to studying the structure of GRP of St. Petersburg. Emphasis is placed on comparing the dynamics of regional indexes with data for the federal district and the Russian Federation as a whole. The features of the city’s development are considered using cluster analysis according to the current range of factors for different time periods. An assessment of the achievement of key planned indexes is given and a comprehensive index is proposed for assessing the development of the dynamics of the socio-economic development of the region. Particular attention is paid to analyzing the impact of crisis situations on the socio-economic status of the region and assessing the degree of their impact.Conclusion. Based on the results of the analysis, recommendations were given for the development of the region, which can be used in the implementation of socio-economic policy. Particular attention is paid to indexes of living standards.
Strategic Directions for the Development of Institutional Management Mechanisms and Adaptation of the Population of the Region to Them
Authors: Kremlev N. D. 
Published: December 2023

The purpose of the study is to substantiate the tools for developing regional directions for the development of institutional management mechanisms and adaptation of the population to them based on the strategic priorities of the state. The problem of working out strategic directions for the development of the region is connected with the differences, peculiarities and capabilities of each territory of the country. The adoption of the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation in 2020 “On the national development goals of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030” required changing the regional goals and directions of territorial development. The relevance of the study is related to the aggravation of socio-demographic problems that negatively affect the well-being and health of people, labor efficiency and entrepreneurship, and the adaptation of the population to modern threats. Hypothesis – the effectiveness of strategic directions for the development of institutional mechanisms for managing the region and adapting the population to them is proposed to be carried out on the basis of balance sheet structures.Methods: balance method, index method, structural method, comparative estimates and methodology of official statistics.Results. The main strategic directions for the development of institutional management mechanisms of the subsidized region have been worked out, which include: preservation of the population, health and well-being of people; accelerated development of the militaryindustrial complex and the agro-food system; creation of a comfortable and safe environment for life, successful entrepreneurship and digital transformation. The theoretical scheme of strategic directions of economic development based on the balance of interests of employees and employers is substantiated. Based on the assessment of the state of the regional economy of the Kurgan region, strategic directions of economic development for the period up to 2030 are substantiated.Conclusion. The advantage of this approach is the ability to take into account the peculiarities and differences in the functioning of management mechanisms and adaptation to them of the population of the country’s regions. Strategic directions of the region’s development will allow organizing further research to solve the problems of population reproduction, quality of life and sustainability of the functioning of the economy, in the long term to determine the effective and negative factors affecting the living conditions of people.
Personalized Virtual Reality Compared With Guided Imagery for Enhancing the Impact of Progressive Muscle Relaxation Training: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Pardini Susanna , Gabrielli Silvia , Olivetto Silvia , Fusina Francesca , Dianti Marco , Forti Stefano , Lancini Cristina , Novara Caterina 
Published: December 2023

Background
Empirical evidence has shown that virtual reality (VR) scenarios can increase the effects of relaxation techniques, reducing anxiety by enabling people to experience emotional conditions in more vivid settings.

Objective
This pilot randomized controlled study aims to investigate whether the progressive muscle relaxation technique (PMRT) associated with a personalized scenario in VR promotes psychological well-being and facilitates the recall of relaxing images more than the standard complementary intervention that involves the integration of PMRT and guided imagery (GI).

Methods
On the basis of a longitudinal, between-subject design, 72 university students were randomly exposed to one of two experimental conditions: (1) standard complementary procedure (PMRT and GI exposure) and (2) experimental procedure (PMRT and personalized VR exposure). Individuals were assessed by a therapist before and after 7 training sessions based on measures investigating anxiety, depression, quality of life, coping strategies, sense of presence, engagement, and side effects related to VR exposure. Heart rate data were also collected.

Results
Differences in changes between the 2 groups after the in vivo PMRT session conducted by the psychotherapist (T1) were statistically significant for state anxiety (F1,67=30.56; P<.001) and heart rate (F1,67=4.87; P=.01). Individuals in the VR group obtained lower scores both before (t67=−2.63; P=.01; Cohen d=0.91) and after (t67=−7.23; P<.001; Cohen d=2.45) the relaxation session when it was self-administered by participants (T2). A significant reduction in perceived state anxiety at T1 and T2 was observed for both groups (P<.001). After the VR experience, individuals reported feeling higher engagement in the experience than what was mentioned by participants in the GI group (F1,67=2.85; P=.03; ηp2=0.15), and they experienced the environment as more realistic (F1,67=4.38; P=.003; ηp2=0.21). No differences between groups regarding sense of presence were found (F1,67=1.99; P=.11; ηp2=0.11). Individuals exposed before to the VR scenario (T1) referred to perceiving the scenario recalled in-imagination at T2 as more realistic than what those in the GI group experienced (F1,67=3.21; P=.02; ηp2=0.12). The VR group had lower trait anxiety levels than the GI group after the relaxation session during session 7 (T2; t67=−2.43; P=.02).

Conclusions
Personalized relaxing VR scenarios can contribute to improving relaxation and decreasing anxiety when integrated with PMRT as a complementary relaxation method.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05478941; https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05478941

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
RR2-10.2196/44183
Differentiating ChatGPT-Generated and Human-Written Medical Texts: Quantitative Study
Authors: Liao Wenxiong , Liu Zhengliang , Dai Haixing , Xu Shaochen , Wu Zihao , Zhang Yiyang , Huang Xiaoke , Zhu Dajiang , Cai Hongmin , Li Quanzheng , Liu Tianming , Li Xiang 
Published: December 2023

Background
Large language models, such as ChatGPT, are capable of generating grammatically perfect and human-like text content, and a large number of ChatGPT-generated texts have appeared on the internet. However, medical texts, such as clinical notes and diagnoses, require rigorous validation, and erroneous medical content generated by ChatGPT could potentially lead to disinformation that poses significant harm to health care and the general public.

Objective
This study is among the first on responsible artificial intelligence–generated content in medicine. We focus on analyzing the differences between medical texts written by human experts and those generated by ChatGPT and designing machine learning workflows to effectively detect and differentiate medical texts generated by ChatGPT.

Methods
We first constructed a suite of data sets containing medical texts written by human experts and generated by ChatGPT. We analyzed the linguistic features of these 2 types of content and uncovered differences in vocabulary, parts-of-speech, dependency, sentiment, perplexity, and other aspects. Finally, we designed and implemented machine learning methods to detect medical text generated by ChatGPT. The data and code used in this paper are published on GitHub.

Results
Medical texts written by humans were more concrete, more diverse, and typically contained more useful information, while medical texts generated by ChatGPT paid more attention to fluency and logic and usually expressed general terminologies rather than effective information specific to the context of the problem. A bidirectional encoder representations from transformers–based model effectively detected medical texts generated by ChatGPT, and the F1 score exceeded 95%.

Conclusions
Although text generated by ChatGPT is grammatically perfect and human-like, the linguistic characteristics of generated medical texts were different from those written by human experts. Medical text generated by ChatGPT could be effectively detected by the proposed machine learning algorithms. This study provides a pathway toward trustworthy and accountable use of large language models in medicine.
Values of Youth as a Resource for Developing the Company’s Internal Corporate Ideology: Globalization and Patriotism
Authors: Grishanin N. V. , Minevich Ya. V. 
Published: December 2023

Corporate culture as it exists today is a cast of the Western European matrix, in which the ideology of the state is replaced by the values of the corporation. But modern realities form a new demand of society, moral principles and traditions develop modern legal relations.The purpose of the article (in the form of confirmation or refutation of a scientific hypothesis) is to analyze the value system of youth, legal realities and ideological features of the formation of the Russian state around the factors of Russian identity: family, society, country, state, person, to describe the possibility of their inclusion in the corporate culture (employer) as the basic principles of corporate governance.The group interview method and the content analysis method were chosen as the research method. The method of group interview allows each of the participants of the discussion to speak freely and the participants of the debate to form a unified representation of the group on the problems of corporate culture, which are based on the factors of Russian identity: family, person, society, country, state. The content analysis method allows, based on recorded discussions, to identify the key values of young people that can be included in the corporate culture of Russian companies.
The Role of the Executive Authorities of the Russian Federation and the Republic Of Belarus in the Formation and Implementation of the Policy of Patriotic Education
Authors: Bakhlova O. V. , Bakhlov I. V. , Ulyashkina E. G. 
Published: December 2023

Aims: identification of the specifics of the role of the executive authorities of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus in the actualization of the Union patriotic agenda.Methods: informal content analysis of documents, content analysis of the content of Internet resources, formal legal method, methods of comparative and multilevel analysis.Results and discussion: The conceptual foundations of the phenomenon of «patriotism» in the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus are investigated through the prism of the existing functionality of executive authorities. The equivalent position of the countries regarding the semantics of the concept of «patriotism» is revealed along with national trends aimed at supporting various initiatives focusing on issues of patriotic education. The correlation of autonomous state processes in line with patriotism with collegial decisions of Russia and Belarus at the union level on the issue under consideration is shown. The concept of «patriotism» is defined through the prism of the modification of the paradigm of political processes, including at the site of the USBR, taking into account external challenges and threats.Conclusion: The Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus are traditional partners, whose interaction initially had a pronounced axiological aspect. Modern realities in general, increasing external pressure encourage the mobilization of all resources to strengthen the anti-crisis potential and socio-political consolidation. The official discourse and practical events within the framework of the Union State demonstrate the actualization of a new paradigm and integration mechanisms for the formation and strengthening of the Union patriotic agenda and the policy of patriotic education. Interdepartmental communications are of particular importance here. In general, the area under study remains in the field of action of national and interstate mechanisms.
Assessment of maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures in skeletal Class II patients with different growth patterns
Authors: Rangarajan Hita , Ayub Irfan Ismail , Padmanabhan Sridevi 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Objectives
To evaluate maximal inspiratory (MIP) and expiratory (MEP) pressures, which are reflective of respiratory muscle strength, in skeletal Class II patients with different growth patterns (horizontal, average, and vertical) and to correlate those with airway dimension.

Materials and Methods
Patients with a Class II skeletal base seeking orthodontic treatment were assigned to the following groups: average, horizontal, and vertical growth pattern. The control group (n = 14) comprised patients with a Class I skeletal base and average growth pattern. Airway dimensions were obtained using cone-beam computed tomography scans, and a spirometer with a pressure transducer was used for assessment of MIP and MEP. Routine spirometry for assessment of lung function was also performed.

Results
No significant differences were found in maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures for the study groups in comparison with the control group. Class I patients had significantly greater oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal airway volumes compared with the study groups. No significant difference in minimal cross-section area of the airway was observed among groups. A weak positive correlation between maximal inspiratory pressure and airway volume was observed.

Conclusions
Although Class I patients displayed significantly greater oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal airway volumes, there was no significant difference in respiratory muscle strength or airway function between Class II patients with different growth patterns and the Class I control group. The findings underscore the significance of exploring factors beyond craniofacial growth patterns that may contribute to sleep-related breathing disorders.
Insulin Secretion, Sensitivity, and Kidney Function in Young Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Bjornstad Petter , Choi Ye Ji , Platnick Carson , Gross Susan , Narongkiatikhun Phoom , Melena Isabella , Remmers Lauryn , Baca Madison , Schutte Grant , Dobbs Tyler , Vigers Tim , Pyle Laura , Driscoll Lynette , Tommerdahl Kalie , Kendrick Jessica , Looker Helen C. , Dart Allison , Cherney David , van Raalte Daniel H. , Srivastava Anand , Li Luping , Prasad Pottumarthi , Saulnier Pierre , Nelson Robert G. , Johnson Richard J. , Nadeau Kristen J. ,   Bjornstad Lab, Becker Nicholas , Best Kyla , Birznieks Carissa , Bui Michelle , Carrasco Diego , Casillas Daniel , Flynn Maureen , Gruszcynski Audrey , Hall Lucy , Harbour Madeline , Leroux Melissa , Nash Kelly , Nguyen Nhung , Sell Emily , Rountree-Jablin Callyn 
Published: December 2023

OBJECTIVE
β-Cell dysfunction and insulin resistance magnify the risk of kidney injury in type 2 diabetes. The relationship between these factors and intraglomerular hemodynamics and kidney oxygen availability in youth with type 2 diabetes remains incompletely explored.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Fifty youth with type 2 diabetes (mean age ± SD 16 ± 2 years; diabetes duration 2.3 ± 1.8 years; 60% female; median HbA1c 6.4% [25th, 75th percentiles 5.9, 7.6%]; BMI 36.4 ± 7.4 kg/m2; urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio [UACR] 10.3 [5.9, 58.0] mg/g) 21 control participants with obesity (OCs; age 16 ± 2 years; 29% female; BMI 37.6 ± 7.4 kg/m2), and 20 control participants in the normal weight category (NWCs; age 17 ± 3 years; 70% female; BMI 22.5 ± 3.6 kg/m2) underwent iohexol and p-aminohippurate clearance to assess glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal plasma flow, kidney MRI for oxygenation, hyperglycemic clamp for insulin secretion (acute C-peptide response to glucose [ACPRg]) and disposition index (DI; ×103 mg/kg lean/min), and DXA for body composition.

RESULTS
Youth with type 2 diabetes exhibited lower DI (0.6 [0.0, 1.6] vs. 3.8 [2.4, 4.5] × 103 mg/kg lean/min; P &lt; 0.0001) and ACPRg (0.6 [0.3, 1.4] vs. 5.3 [4.3, 6.9] nmol/L; P &lt; 0.001) and higher UACR (10.3 [5.9, 58.0] vs. 5.3 [3.4, 14.3] mg/g; P = 0.003) and intraglomerular pressure (77.8 ± 11.5 vs. 64.8 ± 5.0 mmHg; P &lt; 0.001) compared with OCs. Youth with type 2 diabetes and OCs had higher GFR and kidney oxygen availability (relative hyperoxia) than NWCs. DI was associated inversely with intraglomerular pressure and kidney hyperoxia.

CONCLUSIONS
Youth with type 2 diabetes demonstrated severe β-cell dysfunction that was associated with intraglomerular hypertension and kidney hyperoxia. Similar but attenuated findings were found in OCs.