bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of elliptical waveguides by the method of fundamental solutions
Authors: Young D. L. , Hu S. P. , Chen C. W. , Fan C. M. , Murugesan K. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe present work describes the application of the method of fundamental solutions (MFS) for the solution of cutoff wavelengths of elliptical waveguides. Since the MFS employs a formulation using boundary values only, the cutoff wavelengths are determined by applying the singular value decomposition (SVD) technique. The use of the MFS to solve the governing (Helmholtz) equation guarantees a solution without singularities, since it does not use discretized points to determine the solution at the interior of the computational domain. The combination of the MFS and SVD techniques has resulted in a simpler and efficient numerical solution procedure, as compared to other schemes. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 44: 552–558, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20695
The PMD effect in OSNR monitoring
Authors: Sun F. G. , Lu Z. G. , Xiao G. Z. , Grover C. P. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractPolarization‐mode dispersion (PMD) effect on monitoring optical signal‐to‐noise ratio (OSNR) by polarization‐nulling technique has been investigated. Without PMD, the maximum and minimum optical power is measured using the polarization‐nulling method to provide accurate OSNR. Due to the difference in arrival time for the two component pulses, it is impossible to transfer the pulse to a linear polarization state. The output power after the polarizer will depend on both OSNR and differential group delay (DGD). It is shown that the accuracy of the polarization‐nulling method can be reduced significantly by PMD. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 44: 558–560, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20696
Molecular diagnosis of inheritable neuromuscular disorders. Part II: Application of genetic testing in neuromuscular disease
Authors: Greenberg Steven A. , Walsh Ronan J. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractMolecular genetic advances have led to refinements in the classification of inherited neuromuscular disease, and to methods of molecular testing useful for diagnosis and management of selected patients. Testing should be performed as targeted studies, sometimes sequentially, but not as wasteful panels of multiple genetic tests performed simultaneously. Accurate diagnosis through molecular testing is available for the vast majority of patients with inherited neuropathies, resulting from mutations in three genes (PMP22, MPZ, and GJB1); the most common types of muscular dystrophies (Duchenne and Becker, facioscapulohumeral, and myotonic dystrophies); the inherited motor neuron disorders (spinal muscular atrophy, Kennedy's disease, and SOD1 related amyotrophic lateral sclerosis); and many other neuromuscular disorders. The role of potential multiple genetic influences on the development of acquired neuromuscular diseases is an increasingly active area of research. Muscle Nerve, 2005
Effects of repeated water exchange on the swelling behavior of poly(sodium acrylate) gels crosslinked by aluminum ions
Authors: Sato H. , Hirashima Y. , Suzuki A. , Goto M. , Tokita M. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractPolyelectrolyte hydrogels, physically crosslinked by metal ions, were synthesized using poly(sodium acrylate) as the main constituent and Al ions as the crosslinker. The swelling ratio of the gel was measured whenever the solvent water was repeatedly exchanged in a constant interval. The as‐synthesized gel exhibited two relaxation processes; the gel swelled at the first stage, then shrunk very slowly at the second stage, and recovered to the initial size just after the gelation (ultimately, the gel became smaller than that). The relaxation times of both processes were found longer (exceptionally longer for the shrinking process) than the conventional collective diffusion of polymer networks. The diffused amounts of Al ions and Na counter ions in the solvent were also measured at each water exchange. The diffusion of Al ions into the solvent was found to finish when the swelling ratio took the maximum (at the end of the first stage), while Na ions continued to diffuse until the diameter became the final one (at the end of the second stage). The microscopic structural changes by the repeated water exchange were obtained by the measurements of ATR FT‐IR spectroscopy on the gels with different swelling ratios. The carboxyl groups were gradually protonated on both stages, and the formation of hydrogen bonding was accelerated on the second stage. Effects of the repeated water exchange on the swelling behavior are discussed in terms of the diffusion of Al ions into the solvent, the exchange of Na counter ions by protons, and the formation of hydrogen bonding. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 753–763, 2005
QUANTUM GROUPOIDS OF COMPACT TYPE
Authors: Enock Michel 
Published: February 2005

To any groupoid, equipped with a Haar system, Jean-Michel Vallin had associated several objects (pseudo-multiplicative unitary, Hopf-bimodule) in order to generalize, up to the groupoid case, the classical notions of multiplicative unitary and Hopf–von Neumann algebra, which were intensely used to construct quantum groups in the operator algebra setting. In two former articles (one in collaboration with Jean-Michel Vallin), starting from a depth-2 inclusion of von Neumann algebras, we have constructed such objects, which allowed us to study two ‘quantum groupoids’ dual to each other. We are now investigating in greater details the notion of pseudo-multiplicative unitary, following the general strategy developed by Baaj and Skandalis for multiplicative unitaries. AMS 2000 Mathematics subject classification: Primary 46L89; 22A22; 81R50
DOUBLE CROSSED PRODUCTS OF LOCALLY COMPACT QUANTUM GROUPS
Authors: Baaj Saad , Vaes Stefaan 
Published: February 2005

For a matched pair of locally compact quantum groups, we construct the double crossed product as a locally compact quantum group. This construction generalizes Drinfeld’s quantum double construction. We study the modular theory and the $\mathrm{C}^*$-algebraic properties of these double crossed products, as well as several links between double crossed products and bicrossed products. In an appendix, we study the Radon–Nikodym derivative of a weight under a quantum group action (following Yamanouchi) and obtain, as a corollary, a new characterization of closed quantum subgroups. AMS 2000 Mathematics subject classification: Primary 46L89. Secondary 46L65
Direct comparison of 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose coincidence gamma camera tomography with gallium scanning for the staging of lymphoma
Authors: Lin P. , Chu J. , Kneebone A. , Moylan E. , Jalaludin B. , Pocock N. , Kiat H. , Rosenfeld D. 
Published: February 2005

Abstract Background:  The present study compared the performance of 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) using a coincidence dual‐head gamma camera (FDG Co‐PET) with 67gallium scinti graphy (GS) in pretreatment staging of lymphoma.Methods:  A total of 46 patients underwent FDG Co‐PET, computed tomography (CT) scanning and GS for pretreatment staging of lymphoma (40 newly diagnosed and recurrence) between November 1997 and December 1999.Results:  Histological subgroups comprised low grade (8 patients), intermediate grade (25) high‐grade (3) non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease (10). Based on clinical assessment, CT scan findings and biopsy, 100 nodal sites and 15 extra‐nodal sites were deemed positive. FDG Co‐PET was superior to GS in nodal site positivity rate (97%vs 79%, P < 0.0001). Compared with GS, FDG Co‐PET detected 39 more abnormal sites in 22 patients (48%), of which 28 sites were validated by biopsy, CT and/or progress FDG Co‐PET scanning. There was only one proven false negative FDG site in the spleen. CT + FDG Co‐PET led to upstaging in 2 patients (4%), compared to CT + GS.Conclusion:  FDG Co‐PET shows potential for providing an accurate means for pretreatment staging of lymphoma and can detect extra sites of disease activity compared to GS. (Intern Med J 2005; 35: 91–96)
Improvement of the specificity of dipetarudin by site directed mutagenesis
Authors: Mende Katrin , Nowak Goetz , López Mercedes 
Published: February 2005

SummaryProtease specificity is crucial to the design of thrombin inhibitors as inhibition of other physiologically relevant serine-proteases can compromise their clinical use. Dipetarudin, a potent thrombin inhibitor, also inhibits trypsin and plasmin. Due to the specificity of an inhibitor being influenced by the amino acid residue at the P1 position, we replaced the Arg10 at P1 position of dipetarudin by a histidine, which is the P1 residue of rhodniin, a very specific thrombin inhibitor. The amino acid replacement was carried out by site directed mutagenesis. The mutant, dipetarudin R10H, showed a loss of plasmin and trypsin inhibitory activities present in its wild-type counterpart and a 3-fold higher dissociation constant for thrombin than dipetarudin. However, compared to dipetarudin and r-hirudin, dipetarudin R10H showed similar activity in coagulation screening assays such as activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), prothrombin time (PT), ecarin clotting time (ECT) and ecarin chromogenic assay (ECA).
Distribution and kinetics of SR-PSOX/CXCL16 and CXCR6 expression on human dendritic cell subsets and CD4+ T cells
Authors: Tabata Sumie , Kadowaki Norimitsu , Kitawaki Toshio , Shimaoka Takeshi , Yonehara Shin , Yoshie Osamu , Uchiyama Takashi 
Published: February 2005

AbstractDendritic cells (DCs) coordinate T cell responses by producing T cell-attracting chemokines and by inducing the expression of chemokine receptors on T cells. Scavenger receptor for phosphatidylserine and oxidized lipoprotein (SR-PSOX)/CXC chemokine ligand 16 (CXCL16) is a unique chemokine that also functions as an endocytic receptor and an adhesion molecule in its membrane-bound form. SR-PSOX/CXCL16 is the only known ligand of CXC chemokine receptor 6 (CXCR6) that is expressed on activated T cells and thus, may play an important role in enhancing effector functions of T cells. Here, we investigated the expression of SR-PSOX/CXCL16 on human DC subsets and that of CXCR6 on T cell subpopulations to elucidate the dynamics of CXCL16/CXCR6 interaction in DC/T cell responses. Membrane-bound SR-PSOX/CXCL16 was expressed on macrophages, monocyte-derived DCs, and blood myeloid DCs, and the expression increased after DC maturation. Myeloid antigen-presenting cells constitutively secreted SR-PSOX/CXCL16 for an extended period, suggesting the involvement of CXCL16 in peripheral and lymphoid tissues. Plasmacytoid DCs hardly expressed SR-PSOX/CXCL16 on their surfaces but secreted significant amounts of SR-PSOX/CXCL16. A subset of CD4+ effector memory T (TEM) cells constitutively expressed CXCR6, whereas central memory T cells (TCM) and naïve T cells did not. Upon stimulation with mature DCs, however, the expression of CXCR6 on TCM cells was markedly up-regulated, whereas the expression on naïve T cells was induced only weakly. These results suggest that the interaction between SR-PSOX/CXCL16 and CXCR6 plays an important role in enhancing TCM cell responses by mature DCs in lymphoid tissues and in augmenting TEM cell responses by macrophages in peripheral inflamed tissues.
Horizontal Coefficient of Consolidation of Soft Bangkok Clay
Authors: Seah TH , Tangthansup B , Wongsatian P 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
This paper presents the results of the coefficient of consolidation in the horizontal direction determined from the laboratory and the field through testing, along with back analysis from settlement measurement of embankment constructed with prefabricated vertical drains at the Suvarnabhumi Airport site in Bangkok. Constant rate of strain consolidation tests with radial drainage and standard oedometer tests were conducted to provide the consolidation characteristics of soft Bangkok clay. A 20-mm piezoprobe was used to measure the pore water pressure dissipation characteristics of the soft clay in the field, and the corresponding horizontal coefficients of consolidation were estimated based on established theory. The test results, such as the horizontal coefficients of consolidation and permeability, were compared with back analysis of the constructed runway embankment based on Asaoka method. The results show very good agreement in both horizontal coefficients of consolidation and permeability obtained from different testing methods and back analysis, implying the reliability of the testing methods adopted.
Knotting and Threading of Molecules: Chemistry and Chirality of Molecular Knots and Their Assemblies
Authors: Lukin Oleg , Vögtle Fritz 
Published: February 2005

AbstractHow and why do molecules tangle or thread? Investigations of molecular knots (knotanes) may shed some light on the mechanisms of (supra)molecular templation and the folding of molecules that result in intertwining. The topological chirality of these fascinating molecules leads to new types of isomerism and paves the way to nanosized molecular motors. Their preparation and derivatization makes high demands on modern synthetic methods and analytical separation since molecular knots are formed in a more or less planned design based on metal coordination or hydrogen‐bonding patterns. This Review describes the development of templation techniques for the synthesis of knotanes and their chiral resolution as well as their selective functionalization and use as building blocks in the synthesis of higher knotane assemblies. Such assemblies can possess linear, branched, or even macrocyclic structures which, on the one hand, introduce unprecedented isomeric compositions that arise from multiple topological stereogenic units and, on the other, define new types of artificial macromolecules beyond polymers and dendritic species.
Utilizing three‐dimensional wavelet transforms for accelerated evaluation of hyperspectral image cubes
Authors: Vogt Frank , Banerji Soame , Booksh Karl 
Published: February 2005

AbstractHyperspectral imaging sensors are continuously enhanced by increasing spatial and spectral resolution. However, the ‘curse of dimensionality’ comes into effect, as the amount of acquired data increases in third order (two spatial, one spectral dimension). On top of that, the computational expense of many chemometric data evaluation techniques such as principal component analysis (PCA) rises also in third order with the data amount. Thus the need for computer memory is increased in third and the demand for computational power up to ninth order. One immediate consequence of massively increased computation times is a decreased time resolution of hyperspectral imagers, which is especially detrimental in online applications. Archiving humongous amounts of data becomes another burden. Thus it is anticipated that increased computation resources alone will not be able to facilitate fast online evaluation of hyperspectral data cubes or even to handle the acquired data. In this study, 3D wavelet transforms are used for compression of hyperspectral data cubes prior to chemometric data evaluation and/or data storage. Five different wavelet types of the Daubechies family are compared with respect to their ability to preserve relevant information in compressed data cubes. Because only relevant information has to be considered, shorter computation time and less storage space are required. By means of experimental hyperspectral data cubes it is demonstrated that additional computation expense for the 3D wavelet transform is largely overcompensated by reduced calculations necessitated by smaller data cubes. In the presented examples, computation time for a PCA could be decreased by one order of magnitude; storage space could be reduced to <1% of the original size. It was found that the wavelet type has a major influence on the acceleration factors. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sample‐specific standard prediction errors in three‐way parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) exploiting the second‐order advantage
Authors: Olivieri Alejandro C. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe calculation of sample‐specific standard errors for the concentrations predicted by a three‐way parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) model exploiting the second‐order advantage is discussed. A simple error propagation equation is shown to be useful for this purpose, on the condition that the correct sensitivity parameter is introduced. Two different net analyte signal definitions are tested for measures of sensitivity and are demonstrated to be applicable to different calibration scenarios, namely whether or not the second‐order advantage is exploited. The results are supported by Monte Carlo calculations of variance inflation factors (including random noise only in the test sample signals) and also by experimental data concerning the determination of a therapeutic drug in human urine samples by fluorescence excitation–emission matrices. Full Monte Carlo simulations performed by adding random noise to both concentrations and instrumental signals (calibration and unknown) in several theoretical binary mixtures are in good agreement with the proposed approach. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Looking for the right thing at the right place: Phase transition in an agent model with heterogeneous spatial resources
Authors: Boyer Denis , Larralde Hernán 
Published: February 2005

AbstractWe introduce a simple model describing an agent traveling within a medium containing resources randomly distributed in space. The agent, initially located at some origin, performs a single step toward a target of his choice that minimizes an economy function. We use an economy function that depends on the weight of the target and its distance from the origin. The cost and length statistics of the displacements are analyzed. We find a critical point for a particular resource weight distribution, such that the average cost vanishes (or becomes very small in practice). This problem can describe an economical agent looking for a firm with the best price or largest product choice, a tourist in search of an interesting and nearby city to visit, or an animal foraging in a complex landscape. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 10: 52–55, 2005
Evolutionary origins and principles of distributed neural computation for state estimation and movement control in vertebrates
Authors: Paulin Michael G. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractVertebrates are mostly large, agile creatures that can move rapidly and efficiently despite the significant inertial and interaction forces that are generated when they move. Vertebrates appear in the fossil record in the lower Cambrian, when predation began to apply selection pressure for increased size and, consequently, increased inertia. Agility depends critically upon the cerebellum, a brain structure that appears to have evolved as an elaboration of the vestibular and lateral‐line sensory processing regions in brains of aquatic ancestors. There is compelling evidence to suggest that the specific role of the cerebellum in motor control (etc) is state estimation. Analysis of responses of vestibular neurons in bullfrogs shows that these neurons have fractional‐order dynamics. Because of this property, the vestibular nerve forms a map of the state space of the animal's head, and individual action potentials can be regarded as assertions about the location of the head in that space. This view of vestibular coding suggests an analogy with particle filters, a new simulation‐based method for state estimation. In a particle filter the distribution of possible states consistent with observations is represented by a cloud of “particles” in a map of the state space. By regarding action potentials as particles in neural state estimators, we may develop a realistic model of neural computation in the cerebellum. At the same time—and independently of the biological verisimilitude of such a cerebellar model—we may develop useful new algorithms for state estimation. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 10: 56–65, 2005
Addition of Indole to Methyl 2‐Chloro‐2‐cyclopropylideneacetate en Route to Spirocyclopropanated Analogues of Demethoxyfumitremorgine C and Tadalafil
Authors: Limbach Michael , Dalai Suryakanta , Janssen André , Es‐Sayed Mazen , Magull Jörg , de Meijere Armin 
Published: February 2005

AbstractIndole readily added across the double bond of the highly reactive Michael acceptor methyl 2‐chloro‐2‐cyclopropylideneacetate (4) to yield 2‐chloro‐2‐(3′‐indolylcyclopropyl)acetate 5 (85%) which was converted in two steps into the racemic tryptophan analogue 7 in 90% yield. This in turn was transformed by a condensation and Pictet−Spengler sequence into the spirocyclopropane analogues, 11, 13 and 15, of both the natural product (demethoxy)fumitremorgine C (3b, 3 steps, 11% yield) and the potent PDE‐5 inhibitor Tadalafil (2, 3 steps, 71% yield) as well as the original lead structure with a hydantoin backbone (1, 2 steps, 79% yield). (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Chemical modification of chicken egg white proteins with polyethyleneoxide–maleic anhydride copolymer and their partitioning in aqueous two‐phase systems
Authors: Shin‐ya Yoshitsune , Park Jin‐Won , Hong Kyung‐Jin , Fujiwara Koichi , Kajiuchi Toshio 
Published: February 2005

AbstractAqueous two‐phase partitioning is one of the excellent bioseparation systems for proteins and other biomolecules in water‐rich solutions containing polymers or salts. To improve the partition properties of model proteins, chicken egg white (CEW) proteins were chemically modified with polyethyleneoxide–maleic anhydride (PEOMA) copolymer. The modified proteins were partitioned in polyethyleneoxide–maleic acid/potassium phosphate aqueous two‐phase systems. Firstly, the contribution of the chemical modification of proteins to the partition coefficient was investigated by using modified proteins with different degrees of modification (DM). The partition coefficients of modified proteins increased with increasing DM. The results suggested that the surface of the modified proteins had a greater hydrophobic property, similar to the PEOMA copolymer. Secondly, the effect of the pH on the partitioning of the modified proteins was studied. The partitioning of the modified proteins was found to be more dependent on pH in the alkaline systems. The increasing partition coefficient with pH at alkaline pH can be explained by the electrostatic repulsion between the phosphate anions and the maleic groups attached to the proteins. These results suggested that chemical modification of proteins with PEOMA could be a useful tool for separation and purification of crude protein mixtures. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry