bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antioxidant activity of different components of pine species
Authors: Zulaica-Villagomez Hilda , Peterson David M. , Herrin Lauri , Young Raymond A. 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
The total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of extracts from pine species were evaluated for various plant components, with emphasis on the seed cones. Seed cones from pine species were found to contain relatively high amounts of both total phenolics and antioxidant activity, and there appears to be some correlation of the two measurements. Juvenile cones contained by far the highest phenolic and antioxidant activity, but this high activity appears to be related to seeds retained in some of the samples, possibly due to the presence of proteins or additional antioxidants in the seeds. The phenolic content and antioxidant activity were also measured for other plant components and for a few other species for comparison. In general, the cones of red and jack pine exhibited the highest antioxidant activity compared to black and southern pines. The general trend for both total phenolics and antioxidant activity was (highest to lowest): juvenile cones>needles>new cones> bark>old cones>wood. Obviously, cones could represent a viable source of antioxidants, especially compared to the wood of species that had comparatively low activity. Collection and extraction of pine cones for antioxidants would be a non-destructive method for procurement of this medicinal aid.
Three-dimensional visualisation of bacterial decay in individual tracheids of Pinus sylvestris
Authors: Björdal Charlotte , Nilsson Thomas , Bardage Stig 
Published: February 2005

AbstractArchaeological wood from waterlogged environments is mainly degraded by erosion bacteria. Under the light microscope, a distinct chequered decay pattern is often found in superficially to moderately degraded wood. Serial sections ofPinus sylvestris, degraded by erosion bacteria, were examined to gain an understanding of this phenomenon. An advanced image analysis program was used to transform series of 2-dimensional (2-D) images from attacked fibres into 3-D illustrations in order to visualise variations in decay along 340 μm of the tracheid.Degradation by erosion bacteria proceeded from the cell lumen into the secondary cell wall. Attack was initiated at several positions in the same tracheid. The chequered pattern observed in transverse sections, often referred to as degraded fibres adjacent to sound ones, shows only the decay status at the section point. A sound cell wall does not necessarily indicate a sound fibre. A fibre in moderately degraded wood often consists of both degraded and sound areas.
Speciation of arsenic and chromium in the leachate from chromated copper arsenate (CCA) type C treated southern pine (Pinus spp.)
Authors: Cui Weining , Flores del Pino Lisveth , Voice Thomas C. , Chou Karen , Pascal Kamdem D. 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
A 558-h laboratory leaching test (AWPA E-11) was carried out on both commercially and laboratory chromated copper arsenate (CCA) type C-treated southern pine. Arsenic, chromium, and copper concentrations in the leachate collected were examined. Leaching of chromium and copper from CCA-treated wood cubes were nearly undetectable using flame atomic absorption spectroscopy after 174 and 366 h, respectively. Less than 10% of the total chromium in the leachate was present as hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] after leaching for 30 h. Selective ion-exchange chromatography was used to speciate arsenic in the leachate. In the first 270 h, approximately 70–90% of the total arsenic in the leachate was inorganic pentavalent arsenic [As(V)] and 10–30% was inorganic trivalent arsenic [As(III)].
Comments on the experimental methodology for determination of the hygro-mechanical properties of wood
Authors: Muszyński Lech , Lagana Rastislav , Shaler Stephen M. , Davids William 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
When wood is subjected simultaneously to load and moisture content changes below the fiber saturation point, the mechano-sorptive effect may be observed as an additional deformation that cannot be attributed to simple superposition of elastic deformation, free shrinkage or swelling, or creep in steady climate conditions. The phenomenon has been subject to research for more than half a century. Although numerous mathematical models and detailed theoretical descriptions have been proposed over time, the basic mechanism of mechano-sorption has remained unclear, the experimental data are scattered and lack logical classification, and the experimental determination of its basic parameters on a material level, understood as a local property decoupled from artifacts of the testing protocol, remains a serious challenge. In this paper basic requirements for adequate experimental methods for comprehensive determination of the mechano-sorptive behavior of wood are proposed and briefly discussed. The principal requirements are that the experimental research on mechano-sorption is focused on the material level properties and elementary loading modes (tension and compression); that proper attention is paid to the effect of changing distribution of moisture content within the tested volume; and that the tests are designed so that a comprehensive separation of strain components is enhanced.
Simple and safe production of yttrium-90 from a new type of 90Sr/90Y generator
Authors: Du Jin , Chinol Marco , Savonen Aki , Hiltunen Jukka 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
Yttrium-90 (90Y) has attracted much research attention in targeted radionuclide therapy because its many favorable properties and availability from a long shelf-life generator system. Although numerous generator systems have been developed for the production of 90Y, a common disadvantage is that the 90Y is not eluted in an ionic form suitable for direct labeling of chelating agents bound to useful targeting molecules. In this study, we have adapted previously published procedures and developed a 740 MBq (20 mCi) of generator system in which the parent activity 90Sr was retained on a cation exchange resin, while the daughter 90Y activity was eluted with acetate buffer solution and used directly to label useful radioconjugates without further manipulations. A safety column, not loaded with 90Sr, was connected in series with the generator resulting in an eluate free of any 90Sr breakthrough for at least eight months. The features of this new generator make it suitable for clinical applications.
Transmutation experiments on129I,139La and237Np using the Nuclotron accelerator
Authors: Westmeier Wolfram , Brandt R. , Langrock E.-J. , Robotham H. , Odoj R. , Adam J. , Bradnova V. , Golovatyuk V. M. , Krivopustov M. I. , Sosnin A. N. , Hashemi-Nezhad S. R. , Zamani-Valasiadou M. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractTransmutation experiments have been carried out using the NUCLOTRON, a new accelerator for relativistic particles. The experiments were carried out in the Veksler and Baldin Laboratory of High Energies of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna, Russian Federation. Earlier experiments using an 8 cm Ø Pb-target of 20 cm length and surrounded by 6 cm paraffin (GAMMA-2 target) have been continued to study the transmutation of139La and the highly radiotoxic radwaste nuclides129I and237Np using spallation neutrons produced by relativistic protons with energies 0.5 GeV ≤Ep≤ 4.15 GeV. Results of previous experiments were complemented with additional results, thus yielding data systematics with small uncertainties over the probably commercially relevant energy range of 0.5 GeV ≤Ep≤ 1.0 GeV and also in the scientifically interesting range above 1 GeV. Moreover, neutron density distributions in irradiations with 0.65 GeV, 1 GeV and 3.7 GeV protons were determined on the surface of the paraffin moderator for two energy regimes of slow and intermediate/fast neutrons. A large set of high quality experimental data with small uncertainties has been generated that can serve as benchmark data for modelling purposes.
Recombination in a male carrier of two reciprocal translocations involving chromosomes 14, 14′, 15, and 21 leading to balanced and unbalanced rearrangements in offspring
Authors: Soler Anna , Sánchez Aurora , Carrió Ana , Badenas Cèlia , Milà Montserrat , Margarit Ester , Borrell Antoni 
Published: February 2005

AbstractWe report an unusual case of a familial complex chromosome rearrangement (CCR), ascertained through prenatal diagnosis. The fetus carried an apparently balanced CCR with a recombinant 3‐segment chromosome derived from two paternal reciprocal translocations involving both homologs of chromosome 14 and chromosomes 15 and 21, respectively. A probably normal phenotype was predicted and confirmed after birth. His older sister carried an unbalanced karyotype with partial trisomy 14 and partial monosomy 21, and displayed an apparently normal, paternally derived chromosome 14 that resulted from recombination between two derivative chromosomes. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and molecular studies were essential for the characterization of the rearrangement. The “rebuilding,” through recombination, of a chromosome involved in two different translocations in a progenitor, was demonstrated for the first time by molecular analysis. Our family is another good example of how balanced familial complex translocations are in a state of flux and can change from one generation to the next. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Unusual variants of Alexander's disease
Authors: van der Knaap Marjo S. , Salomons Gajja S. , Li Rong , Franzoni Emilio , Gutiérrez‐Solana Luiz González , Smit Leo M. E. , Robinson Richard , Ferrie Collin D. , Cree Bruce , Reddy Alyssa , Thomas Neil , Banwell Brenda , Barkhof Frederik , Jakobs Cornelis , Johnson Anne , Messing Albee , Brenner Michael 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to describe unusual variants of Alexander's disease. We studied 10 patients who did not meet previously established magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) criteria for Alexander's disease, but for whom this diagnosis was considered because of Rosenthal fibers at histological examination or presence of some MRI features suggestive of Alexander's disease. Sequence analysis of theGFAPgene was performed. In eight patients, MRI results showed predominantly posterior fossa lesions, especially multiple tumor‐like brainstem lesions. One patient had asymmetrical frontal white matter abnormalities and basal ganglia abnormalities. One patient (Patient 10) developed degeneration of the frontal white matter. In nine patients, a mutation was found that was concluded to be pathogenic, because the mutation was de novo (five patients), a known mutation was found (two patients), or assembly of the glial fibrillary acidic protein was abnormal in cultured cells (two patients). In Patient 10, a DNA variation was found that was also present in the patient's clinically unaffected father and was concluded to be a polymorphism. In conclusion, DNA diagnostics is warranted in patients who display MRI features suggestive of Alexander's disease, even if they do not meet the full set of previously established MRI criteria. Ann Neurol 2005;57:327–338
Cerebral fat embolism: Usefulness of magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Authors: Guillevin Rémy , Vallée Jean N. , Demeret Sophie , Sonneville Romain , Bolgert Francis , Mont'Alverne Francisco , Deseilligny Charles Pierrot , Chiras Jacques 
Published: February 2005

AbstractWe report a case of cerebral fat embolism which occurred in a 33‐year‐old man after a diaphyseal femoral fracture without cranial traumatism. The initial examination showed an incomplete picture of coma with tetrapyramidal syndrome and cutaneomucous purpura. There was no respiratory damage. We present a magnetic resonance spectroscopy analysis of the cerebral lesions observed in the initial phase of the embolism, as well as follow‐up, which has strengthened the clinical and imaging features for the diagnosis. Ann Neurol 2005;57:434–439
Familial Parkinson's disease: Clinical and genetic analysis of four Basque families
Authors: Paisàn‐Ruìz Coro , Sàenz Amets , de Munain Adolfo Lòpez , Martì Itxaso , Martìnez Gil Angel , Martì‐Massò Josè F. , Pèrez‐Tur Jordi 
Published: February 2005

AbstractDuring the last few years several loci have been linked to Mendelian forms of Parkinson's disease (PD). To date, 5 causative genes of 10 identified loci are known, and they have provided enormous insight into the molecular pathways involved in this common neurodegenerative disorder. One of the recently identified loci, PARK8, causes autosomal dominant PD with, apparently, various degrees of abnormal deposition of α‐synuclein or τ in the neuronal cells in the pedigrees currently reported. We genetically characterized four Basque families and found evidence for linkage of autosomal dominant PD to the PARK8 locus, with a maximum 2‐point logarithm of odds score of 3.21 (θ = 0.00) for marker D12S345. The clinical features of these families are those of typical PD, including good response to levodopa therapy, rigidity, and akinesia, and a mean age of 55 years at disease onset. Ann Neurol 2005;57:365–372
A mutant PSEN1 causes dementia with lewy bodies and variant Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Ishikawa Atsushi , Piao Yue‐Shan , Miyashita Akinori , Kuwano Ryozo , Onodera Osamu , Ohtake Hiroaki , Suzuki Masahiro , Nishizawa Masatoyo , Takahashi Hitoshi 
Published: February 2005

AbstractWe report early‐onset parkinsonism and dementia of 18 years' duration in a 52‐year‐old man whose grandfather and father had suffered from a similar neurological disease. In this patient, we found neuronal loss in various brain regions including the substantia nigra and cerebral cortex, Lewy bodies, cotton wool plaques, corticospinal tract degeneration, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, and a novel three–base pair deletion in exon 12 of the presenilin‐1 (PSEN1) gene. We considered that the mutant PSEN1 might play an important role in the pathogenetic process of both aggregation of α‐synuclein into Lewy bodies and deposition of β‐amyloid into cotton wool plaques. Ann Neurol 2005;57:429–434
Sensorimotor returning in complex regional pain syndrome parallels pain reduction
Authors: Pleger Burkhard , Tegenthoff Martin , Ragert Patrick , Förster Ann‐Freya , Dinse Hubert R. , Schwenkreis Peter , Nicolas Volkmar , Maier Christoph 
Published: February 2005

AbstractPatients with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) and intractable pain showed a shrinkage of cortical maps on primary (SI) and secondary somatosensory cortex (SII) contralateral to the affected limb. This was paralleled by an impairment of the two‐point discrimination thresholds. Behavioral treatment over 1 to 6 months consisting of graded sensorimotor retuning led to a persistent decrease in pain intensity, which was accompanied by a restoration of the impaired tactile discrimination and regaining of cortical map size in contralateral SI and SII. This suggests that the reversal of tactile impairment and cortical reorganization in CRPS is associated with a decrease in pain. Ann Neurol 2005;57:425–429
Changes in the neuromuscular synapse induced by an antibody against gangliosides
Authors: Santafé Manel M. , Sabaté M. Mar , Garcia Neus , Ortiz Nico , Lanuza M. Angel , Tomas Josep 
Published: February 2005

AbstractIn this study, we used a monoclonal IgM antibody from a patient with a pure motor chronic demyelinating polyneuropathy, which binds specifically to the complex gangliosides GM2, GalNAc‐GD1a, and GalNAc‐GM1b, which appear to have a common epitope of ‐[GalNAcβ1‐4Gal(3‐2αNeuAc)β1]. This was done for the following reasons: (1) to localize these gangliosides in specific cellular components of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), and (2) to describe the anti–ganglioside antibody–induced structural and functional changes in the NMJs to gain insight into the role of gangliosides in the synaptic function. Using immunofluorescence techniques, we found that these gangliosides are located only in the presynaptic component of the motor end‐plates, both in nerve terminals and in Schwann cells. After 2 weeks of continued passive transfer of the IgM monoclonal antibody over the mouse levator auris longus muscle, electromyography showed an axonal or NMJ disorder. Morphology showed important nerve terminal growth and retraction changes. Using intracellular recording electrophysiology, we found neurotransmitter release alterations, including quantal content reduction and an immature expression of voltage‐dependent calcium channels similar to what occurred during NMJ development and regeneration. These changes were complement independent. The results showed that these gangliosides were involved in the reciprocal Schwann cell–nerve terminal interactions, including structural stability and neurotransmission. Ann Neurol 2005;57:396–407
Glial fibrillary acidic protein mutations in infantile, juvenile, and adult forms of Alexander disease
Authors: Li Rong , Johnson Anne B. , Salomons Gajja , Goldman James E. , Naidu Sakkubai , Quinlan Roy , Cree Bruce , Ruyle Stephanie Z. , Banwell Brenda , D'Hooghe Marc , Siebert Joseph R. , Rolf Cristin M. , Cox Helen , Reddy Alyssa , Gutiérrez‐Solana Luis González , Collins Amanda , Weller Roy O. , Messing Albee , van der Knaap Marjo S. , Brenner Michael 
Published: February 2005

AbstractAlexander disease is a progressive, usually fatal neurological disorder defined by the widespread and abundant presence in astrocytes of protein aggregates called Rosenthal fibers. The disease most often occurs in infants younger than 2 years and has been labeled a leukodystrophy because of an accompanying severe myelin deficit in the frontal lobes. Later onset forms have also been recognized based on the presence of abundant Rosenthal fibers. In these cases, clinical signs and pathology can be quite different from the infantile form, raising the question whether they share the same underlying cause. Recently, we and others have found pathogenic, de novo missense mutations in the glial fibrillary acidic protein gene in most infantile patients examined and in a few later onset patients. To obtain further information about the role of glial fibrillary acidic protein mutations in Alexander disease, we analyzed 41 new patients and another 3 previously described clinically, including 18 later onset patients. Our results show that dominant missense glial fibrillary acidic protein mutations account for nearly all forms of this disorder. They also significantly expand the catalog of responsible mutations, verify the value of magnetic resonance imaging diagnosis, indicate an unexpected male predominance for the juvenile form, and provide insights into phenotype–genotype relations. Ann Neurol 2005;57:310–326
Mutant valosin‐containing protein causes a novel type of frontotemporal dementia
Authors: Schröder Rolf , Watts Giles D. J. , Mehta Sarju G. , Evert Bernd O. , Broich Petra , Fließbach Klaus , Pauls Katharina , Hans Volkmar H. , Kimonis Virginia , Thal Dietmar R. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractMutations in the valosin‐containing protein (VCP) gene on chromosome 9p13‐p12 recently have been shown to cause autosomal dominant inclusion body myopathy associated with Paget's disease of the bone and frontotemporal dementia. Here, we report the central nervous system autopsy findings in a 55‐year‐old German patient with inclusion body myopathy and frontotemporal dementia who harbors a heterozygous R155C missense mutation residing in the N‐terminal CDC48 domain of VCP, which is involved in ubiquitin binding. We demonstrate that mutant VCP causes a novel type of frontotemporal dementia characterized by neuronal nuclear inclusions containing ubiquitin and VCP. Ann Neurol 2005;57:457–461
Mechanical properties and structure of high‐density polyethylene samples prepared by injection molding with low‐frequency vibration
Authors: Zhang Jie , Shen Kaizhi , Gao Yuegin , Yuan Yi 
Published: February 2005

AbstractTo better understand the formation of different crystal structures and improve the mechanical properties of high‐density polyethylene samples, melt vibration technology, which generally includes shear vibration and hydrostatic pressure vibration, was used to prepare injection samples. Through melt vibration, the crystal structure changed from typical spherulites of the traditional injection sample to obviously orientated lamellae of vibration samples. Sizes and orientation degrees of lamellae were different according to different vibration conditions. Crystallinity degrees of vibration samples increased notably. Therefore, the tensile strength of vibration samples increased with increasing vibration frequency and vibration pressure, whereas elongation of vibration samples decreased during the first stage and then continued to increase as the vibration frequency increased. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 818–823, 2005
Double‐shell surface modifications of large poly(methyl methacrylate) spheres
Authors: Guo Weihong , Durant Yvon G. , Wang Jikui , Wu Chifei 
Published: February 2005

AbstractTwo reactive shells were polymerized on poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) spheres to improve the compatibility of the spheres with a paint binder. By adjusting the buoyancy of the polymerization medium, PMMA, retroreflective spheres with an average diameter of 600 μm were successfully modified with a thin cross‐linked layer together with an amine functional layer outside on the surface. The cross‐linked layer was polymerized by methyl methacrylate and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate by suspension polymerization. After that, a second monomer with functional amine group was polymerized and a functional layer was formed on the surface. The amine groups on the modified spheres can react with the enamine groups of acetoacetate already formulated in the binder and connected the spheres and the paint by chemical bond. The structure of the modified spheres was studied using transmission election microscopy, FTIR, DSC, and other tests. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 829–836, 2005
Radiation synthesis of copolymers for adsorption of dyes from their industrial wastes
Authors: Abd El‐Aal Samia E. , Hegazy El‐Sayed A. , AbuTaleb M. F. , Dessouki A. M. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractCopolymer hydrogels were prepared by γ‐radiation copolymerization of N‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NVP) and methylmethacrylate (MMA) or acrylonitrile (AN). The effect of NVP/MMA and NVP/AN compositions and irradiation dose on the gel fraction yield in the prepared hydrogels was determined. It was found that as the content of NVP increased, the gel fraction yield decreased. The increase in irradiation dose resulted in increasing the crosslinked network structure and, consequently, the gel percentage increased. The thermal stability and swelling properties were also investigated as a function of comonomer composition. The nitrile groups (–CN) in the prepared copolymer were converted into their respective amidoxime groups by treating with NH2OH‐hydrochloride. Such a process resulted in improving both the swelling behavior and adsorption capacity. Characterization and some selected properties of the prepared hydrogels were studied and accordingly the possibility of its practicable use in the treatment of industrial waste dyes was determined. The thermodynamic parameters for the adsorption process were calculated. The effect of treatment time, pH of feed solution, effect of initial feed concentration, and temperature on the dye uptake was also investigated. The maximum uptake for investigated dyes was higher for treated NVP/AN hydrogel than that for untreated NVP/AN and NVP/MMA ones. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 753–763, 2005