bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visceral Adiposity Index in prediabetes and diabetes: The Polish Norwegian Study (PONS)
Authors: Vaidean Georgeta , Manczuk Marta , Vansal Sandeep 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionPrediabetes (preDM) is associated with an increased risk for progression to diabetes (DM). Visceral adiposity has been associated with diabetes and atherosclerosis, yet controversy exists about its measurement at population level. The Visceral Adiposity Index (VAI) has been proposed as a surrogate marker of visceral adiposity dysfunction.Purposeto compare VAI score between individuals with normal, impaired and abnormal glucose levels.MethodsCross‐sectional data of 12636 participants, age 45 to 64 years, in an ongoing cohort study, with structured questionnaires and fasting blood samples. We classified glucose control in three categories: normal (no DM and fasting glucose <100 mg/dL), impaired fasting glucose (IFG, no DM and fasting glucose between 100–125.9 mg/dL) and diabetes (history of diabetes or antidiabetic medication or fasting glucose >= 126 mg/dL). VAI score was based on the Amato sex‐specific formulae. Multivariable regression analysis was conducted using general linear and logistic models.ResultsThe prevalence of IFG and or/DM was 34.60% and 11.24% respectively in men, and 21.04% and 6.83% in women. Across the optimal‐IFG‐DM spectrum, we found a statistically significant gradual increase in age, poor education, smoking, alcohol intake, prevalent cardiovascular disease, dyslipidemia, statin use, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, BMI and waist circumference. For the optimal‐IFG‐DM categories, VAI score averages (95% CI), adjusted for age, education, smoking, alcohol, prevalent cardiovascular disease, statin use and blood pressure were 3.36 (3.30–3.42), 4.18 (4.08–4.28) and 5.36 (5.18–5.52) respectively. Among those without diabetes, each one‐unit increase in the VAI index increased the odds of IFG by 1.13 (95% CI 1.12–1.15).ConclusionVAI is independently associated with IFG/prediabetes and diabetes status. Potential implications: identification of prediabetes and IFG individuals with increased VAI may guide targeted aggressive prevention interventions.Support or Funding InformationThe data collection was supported by a grant from the Polish‐Norwegian Research Fund (PNRF‐228‐AI‐1/07
Associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms in vitamin D metabolic pathway genes and serum 25(OH)D concentrations in Brazilian adults: the Pró‐Saúde Study
Authors: Bezerra Flávia F , da Fonseca Ana Carolina Proença , Zembrzuski Verônica Marques , Junior Mario Campos , Cabello Pedro Hernán , Faerstein Eduardo 
Published: November 2023

Vitamin D status is influenced by a number of factors including dietary intake, skin pigmentation and sun exposure. Serum concentration of 25(OH)D may also be under the influence of polymorphisms in genes functionally important for vitamin D metabolism. The aim of our study was to explore the association between rs12785878 (NADSYN1), rs6013897 (CYP24A1), rs10741657 (CYP2R1) and rs2282679 (GC) polymorphisms and serum concentrations of vitamin D in an adult Brazilian population. We evaluated 514 participants (33–79 yrs; 266 women, 248 men) with the Pró‐Saúde Study, a cohort of university employees in Rio de Janeiro (22°57′S), Brazil. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations were analyzed by chemiluminescent enzyme‐labeled immunometric assay. Genotyping of common variants were performed by real time PCR method. Mean serum 25(OH)D was 19.4 (SD: 8.1 ng/mL) and 54% of participants had concentrations below 20ng/ml. Allele frequencies were G (54%) and T (46%) for rs12785878; T (65%) and A (35%) for rs6013897; G (71%) and A (29%) for rs10741657; and T (78%) and G (22%) for rs2282679. Both genotype and allele frequencies for rs2282679 showed statistically significant differences (p=0.001 and p=0.0003, respectively) between groups according to vitamin D sufficiency (<20ng/mL vs. ≥20ng/ml). The allelic association analysis showed that rs2282679 G allele was a risk factor for vitamin D insufficiency [serum 25(OH)D <20ng/mL, OR=1.75 (1.29–2.38)]. After adjustments for month of blood drawn, skin type, sun exposure index and vitamin D intake, participants homozygous for the ancestral allele (TT) for rs2282679 had significantly higher serum 25(OH)D than TG and GG genotypes (mean±SE: 20.5±0.5, 17.7±0.6 and 17.0±1.5, respectively, p=0.001). Our results suggest that rs2282679 polymorphisms may contribute to variability in serum 25(OH)D concentrations in Brazilian adults, and therefore should be considered when evaluating determinants of vitamin D status, as well when interpreting results on prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency in this population.Support or Funding InformationConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq, grant number 484636/2013‐8) and Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ, grant number 26/102.201/2013), Brazil
Prenatal exposure to a maternal LP diet decreases BDNF expression in the brains of the neonatal offspring
Authors: MARWARHA GURDEEP , Claycombe Kate , Lilek Jaclyn , Ghribi Othman 
Published: November 2023

Prenatal exposure to a maternal low protein diet has been known to cause cognitive deficits in the adult progeny. Maternal low protein diets induce visual and spatial memory impairment, deficits in learning and memory, as well as a host of behavioral abnormalities in the adult progeny. However, the underlying causes and the molecular mechanisms have not been identified. Herein, we demonstrate that a maternal low protein (LP) diet causes, in the brains of the male and female neonatal rat offspring, an attenuation in the basal expression of the Brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a neurotrophin essential for neuronal survival and indispensable for learning and memory. Sprague‐Dawley female rats were fed either a 20% normal protein diet (NP) or an 8% low protein (LP) diet inducted at three weeks before breeding and continued for the entirety of the gestation period. Maternal LP diet caused a significant reduction in the Bdnf expression in the whole brains of the male and female neonatal rat offspring. We delineated the molecular mechanisms further, and found that a maternal LP diet –1) decreases cAMP levels and the ensuing protein kinase A (PKA) activation, that 2) consequently reduces CREB activation, which 3) culminates in a significant reduction in cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) binding to the Bdnf promoters – in the brains of male and female neonatal offspring. We further show that prenatal exposure of the neonatal male and female offspring to a maternal LP diet results in a characteristic inactive or repressed exon I and exon IV promoter of the Bdnf gene in the brain, as evidenced by fluxes in signatory hallmarks in the enrichment of acetylated and trimethylated histones in the nucleosomes that envelop the exon I and exon IV promoters of the Bdnf gene. Our study shows that prenatal exposure to a maternal LP diet results in the attenuation of basal Bdnf gene expression in the brains of the neonatal progeny through reduced activation of the cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway accompanied by changes in histone modification that make the exon I and exon IV promoter of the Bdnf gene refractory to transactivation.Support or Funding InformationThis work was supported by National Institutes of Health, Grant # R01AG0145264, to Dr. Othman Ghribi.
Meta‐Analysis of 19,005 Individuals Identifies Interplay Between Dietary Saturated Fats and Genetic Variants of the NLRP3 Inflammasome, to Modulate Insulin Resistance and Diabetes Risk
Authors: Murphy Aoife Marie , Murphy Leanne , Smith Caren Elizabeth , Follis Jack , Tanaka Toshiko , Helminen Mika , Lemaitre Rozenn , Voortman Trudy , Dehghan Abbas , Mook‐Kanamori Dennis , Marouli Eirini , Richardson Kris , Dupuis Josee , Meigs James , Gaora Peadar O' , Ordovas Jose , Roche Helen 
Published: November 2023

Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) is a multi‐factorial disease, caused by a complex interaction of environmental and genetic factors. Dietary fats represent an important environmental factor. Our previous research has demonstrated that the ‘nod like receptor pyrin domain containing‐3’ (NLRP3) inflammasome plays a critical role in obesity associated insulin resistance (IR) and has a specific sensitivity to saturated fatty acids (SFA) (*Finucane et al, 2014). We investigated genetic variants related to NLRP3 and potential interactions with SFA, which may modulate T2D risk.Using METAL software, a cross‐sectional meta‐analyses of 6 Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology (CHARGE) Consortium (n=19,005), tested interactions (linear regression effects) between dietary saturated fats and candidate NLRP3 related SNP's, to determine if these interactions could modulate three glycemic traits, fasting insulin, fasting glucose and Homeostasis Model Assessment of IR (HOMA‐IR).NLRP3 variant rs12143966 interacted with SFA intake (β ± SE = 0.0068 ± 0.002, p= 0.001), suggesting that each 1% increase SFA intake, in the presence of the minor A allele (MAF 0.38), increased fasting insulin by 0.0068 units. Olfactory Receptor Family 2, Subfamily B member 11 (OR2B11) variant rs4925663, minor allele T (MAF 0.4), also interacted with SFA (β ± SE = −0.0068 ± 0.002, p= 0.0001), suggesting a 0.0068 uIU/ml reduction in fasting insulin with each additional 1% SFA intake. Both SNP's are located on Chromosome 1 q44. In Silico functional analysis describes OR2B11 variant rs4925663 as a non‐synonymous missense SNP with highly significant eQTL hits with NLRP3 expression in whole blood and liver tissue.Two inflammatory SNPs show a novel interaction with dietary SFA to modulate fasting insulin. Altering SFA intake may modulate T2D risk depending on the genotype of inflammasome related variants.Support or Funding InformationScience Foundation Ireland Principal Investigator Programme awarded to Prof Helen Roche (11/PI/1119)
LCT Gene Variant (−13910C>T) and the Plasma Proteome: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Alharbi Ohood , El‐Sohemy Ahmed 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundThe impact of dairy consumptions on risk of cardiometabolic disease remains controversial. Individuals with lactose intolerance (LI) tend to avoid dairy, which is rich in lactose. The LCT −13910C>T variant has been associated with LI and dairy intake in European populations. Mendelian randomization is an approach that examines the association between an exposure and an outcome using a gene variant that is robustly associated with the exposure. The objective of this study was to determine the association between dairy consumption and 54‐plasma proteins implicated in the development of various chronic diseases using the Mendelian randomization approach.MethodsFasting blood samples were drawn from a total of 508 non‐smoking Caucasians aged 20–29 years from the Toronto Nutrigenomics and Health Study for genotyping of the −13910C>T variant in the LCT gene. Fifty‐four plasma proteins were analyzed using liquid chromatography/multiple‐reaction‐monitoring mass spectrometry. Dairy intake was assessed using a one‐month, 196‐item food frequency questionnaire. Using the instrumental variable analysis, a Mendelian randomization approach was applied to examine the association between LCT genotypes and 54‐plasma proteins.ResultsThe CC genotype, associated with lactose intolerance, was associated with higher levels of circulating fibrinogen alpha chain (p= 0.02) compared to the TT genotype. This association was due, at least in part, to lower total dairy intake (p=0.002), particularly skim milk in this population (p=0.004).ConclusionThe LCT genotype that associated with LI is associated with higher levels of fibrinogen alpha chain, which suggests that dairy intake might be associated with a reduced risk of thrombosis.Support or Funding InformationKing Abdulaziz University
Supplementation with ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids decreases fasting insulin and hemoglobin A1c levels in healthy Mexican adults: the role of PPARγ2 P12A
Authors: Binia Aristea , Gosoniu Laura Maria , Martínez‐Soria Diana , Vadillo‐Ortega Felipe , Valet Philippe , Kussmann Martin , Zolezzi Irma Silva , Tejero Maria Elizabeth 
Published: November 2023

The effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) contained in fish oil (FO) in glycemic control are not clear and perhaps are influenced by genetic variation in Peroxisome Proliferator‐Activated Receptor (PPAR) genes. The study aimed to analyze the effect of FO supplementation on glucose metabolism and inflammation according to PPARγ2 P12A genotypes in young Mexican adults. 191 apparently healthy, non‐smoking subjects between 18 and 40 years were included in a one‐arm study. Participants were supplemented with 2.7g/day of EPA+DHA, during six weeks. Dietary analysis, indicators for glucose metabolism, and markers for inflammation were analyzed before and after intervention. An overall increase in relative concentration of ω3 fatty acids in red blood cells (HS‐ω3 index) was observed in all subjects [2.6, (SD:±1.2), P<0.001]. Mean fasting insulin and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c%) were significantly decreased in all subjects [−0.547mlU/L,(SD:±10.29), P=0.034 and −0.07%,(SD:±0.3), P<0.001 respectively], whereas there was no change in fasting glucose, adiponectin, apelin and inflammatory markers. Subjects carrying the minor allele of PPARγ2 P12A had higher responses in the reduction of fasting insulin (−19.8%, −2.3mlU/L, ±8.4). Interestingly, in subjects with lower supplementation than 2.7g/day (~1.8g/day) reductions in fasting insulin and HbA1c% from baseline remained significant (P=0.019 and P<0.001). The observed responses in fasting insulin and HbA1c% in the Mexican population give further evidence of the importance to FO supplementation in young people as an early step towards the prevention of cardiometabolic disease.Support or Funding InformationThe study was funded by Nestec.
Male and Female Sex Hormones Modulate the Effects of Hepatic Rictor Deletion on Glucose Metabolism and Lifespan
Authors: Apelo Sebastian I Arriola , Pumper Cassidy P , Morrison Mark T , Meyer Emma J , Cummings Nicole E , Lin Amy , Baar Emma L , Lamming Dudley W 
Published: November 2023

Rapamycin is an immunosuppressant and anticancer drug that extends lifespan in model organisms including mice, but side effects including metabolic disruption may limit its wide‐scale use for diseases of aging. We have previously found that many side effects of rapamycin may be mediated by “off‐target” disruption of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2), and that deletion of Rictor, an essential protein component of mTORC2, specifically in the liver results in hepatic insulin resistance, disrupted glucose homeostasis and decreased male, but not female, lifespan. Here, we investigated the interaction of sex hormones and hepatic mTORC2 with respect to metabolic health and lifespan. We gonadectomized pre‐pubertal male and female mice in which Rictor is specifically deleted in the liver (LRKO) and their wild‐type littermates. Ovariectomy impaired glucose and pyruvate tolerance, while castration had no effect on glucose homeostasis. Deletion of Rictor strongly impaired glucose and pyruvate tolerance in male mice, regardless of surgery treatment. Intriguingly, Rictor deletion impaired glucose and pyruvate tolerance in female mice undergoing sham surgery, but had no further effect on ovariectomized mice. As expected, we observe that intact LRKO male mice die at a faster rate than wild type male mice; however, castrated LRKO mice die at similar rate than castrated wild type mice. These results suggest that female sex hormones are required for mTORC2 modulation of hepatic insulin signaling and glucose homeostasis, and that testosterone sensitizes male mice to loss of hepatic Rictor on lifespan.Support or Funding InformationThis work was supported by the National Institute on Aging at the National Institutes of Health (R00 AG041765 to D.W.L.); American Federation for Aging Research (A15057 to D.W.L.); the UW‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health; and the UW‐Madison Department of Medicine. S.I.A.A is supported by a fellowship from the American Diabetes Association (1‐16‐PMF‐001). This work was supported using facilities and resources at the William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital. This work does not represent the views of the Department of Veterans Affairs or the United States Government.
Prevalence of Lactose Intolerance in Patients on Proton‐pump inhibitors
Authors: Rana SatyaVati , Pruthvi CR , Malik Aastha , Sinha Saroj Kant , Kochhar Rakesh 
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUNDProton‐pump inhibitors (PPIs) are most effective drugs available to reduce gastric acid secretion. Their administration provokes dysbiosis of small intestinal bacterial flora, which exacerbates non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug‐induced small intestinal injury. This injury to small intestine may cause secondary lactase deficiency leading to lactose intolerance.AIMTo study the prevalence of Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) and Lactose Intolerance (LI) in patients taking PPIsMATERIALS & METHODS132 patients taking PPI only for more than 3 months and attending Gastroenterology Clinic at PGIMER, Chandigarh were enrolled.135 age & sex matched healthy controls who gave consent for study were also enrolled. Non‐invasive glucose & lactose hydrogen breath tests were done after overnight fast for measurement of SIBO and LI respectively. SIBO was measured by analysis of end‐expiratory breath for 2 hours after giving 75g glucose dissolved in 450ml water. LI was measured by analysis of end‐expiratory breath for 4 hours after giving 25g lactose dissolved in 250 ml water.RESULTSMean ± SD of age in patients and controls was 42.1 ± 12.9 & 41.7 ± 10.2 years respectively. %age of SIBO in patients, 18/132(13.6%) was significantly higher (<0.05) as compared to controls 1/135 (0.74%). LI was also higher (p<0.05) in patients (62.8%) as compared to controls (34.8%). Moreover, prevalence of LI was higher among SIBO+ve patients (12/18; 66.7%) as compared to SIBO−ve patients (6/18 : 33.3%)CONCLUSIONThis study indicates that lactose intolerance is in more number of patients taking PPIs and this would have been due to increased small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in these patientsSupport or Funding InformationDepartment of Gastroenterology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
Association between Dietary Protein Intake and Grip Strength among Adults Aged 51 Years and Over: What We Eat in America, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2014
Authors: Mishra Suruchi , Goldman Joseph D , Sahyoun Nadine R , Moshfegh Alanna J 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveDistributing daily protein intake evenly across meals (□25–30g/meal) has been suggested to improve muscle mass. The aim of this research is to examine the association between grip strength, total protein intake and its distribution across the day's meals in older adults.MethodsNationally representative dietary intake data of adults aged 51 years and older (n=4012) from What We Eat in America, NHANES 2011–2014 were analyzed. Protein intake per day and per meal type (breakfast, lunch, dinner, and snacks) were determined from a single in‐person 24‐hr dietary recall collected using the USDA Automated Multiple‐Pass Method. Grip strength (kg) was calculated as the sum of the largest readings per hand from the grip dynamometer. Grip strength of individuals consuming ≥25g protein at 1 meal type was compared with those consuming same level of protein at 2 and 3–4 meal types. Grip strength of individuals in quartile 1 of mean daily protein intake was compared with those in the other quartiles. All associations were examined without and with adjustment for age, sex, ethnicity, physical activity, health status, and smoking status. The comparison involving meal types was further adjusted for daily protein intake. The comparison between protein intake quartiles was further adjusted for energy intake.ResultsOnly 33% of men and 19% of women had protein intake of ≥25 g at 2 or more meal types. These individuals also had higher grip strength and mean daily protein intake. Grip strength was positively associated with consumption of ≥25 g protein at 2 meal types as compared to consumption of same level of protein at 1 meal type (p<0.0001) in unadjusted model, but not when adjusted. Grip strength was positively associated with mean daily protein intake among women in quartiles 3 (p<0.02) and 4 (p<0.001) of protein intake in both unadjusted and adjusted models. Among men, grip strength was associated with mean daily protein intake in quartile 4 (p<0.001) in the unadjusted model, but not when adjusted.ConclusionIn a nationally representative sample of older adults, consuming ≥25 g protein at 2 or more meal types is not associated with grip strength. However, higher daily protein intake is positively associated with grip strength in women.Support or Funding InformationNone
Ingested Walnut Oil Can Prevent Low‐Fat/High‐Carbohydrate diet and High‐Fat Diet‐Induced Obesity by Modulating Metabolic Health Markers and Regulating the Expression of Genes for Metabolism
Authors: Juturu Vijaya , Sahin Kazim , Orhan Cemal , Tuzcu Mehmet , Sahin Nurhan 
Published: November 2023

OBJECTIVEWe previously found that ingested Walnut oil (WO), has antioxidant properties and reduces coronary heart disease risks, inflammation, and is useful in the treatment of high blood pressure and heart disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the WO effects on regulating the gene protein levels in low fat/high carbohydrate diet (LF/HCD) and high fat diet (HFD) induced obesity in rats.METHODSEight week male Wistar rats were fed on a LF/HCD and HFD with and without WO compared with control group (Gr I & Gr II, CTL, +/− 20 mg/kg BW WO), LF/HCD (Gr III & Gr IV, +/−20 mg/kg BW WO) and HFD (Gr V & Gr VI, HFD +/− 20 mg/kg BW WO) for 10 weeks. Glucose, lipid profile, leptin and free fatty acids were analyzed. Changes in the gene protein levels of gp91phox (NOX2), Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), nuclear factor NF‐κB, endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), NFkB, p22phox Protein (CYBA) and nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2) were analyzed. Visceral fat and liver weight assessed. Serum and liver TBARS and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were analyzed in all treatments.RESULTSSerum glucose, insulin, FFA, total‐C, and visceral fat decreased in HFD+WO. Experimental diets supplemented with WO lowered the levels of gp91phox (NOX2), NFkB, p22phox Protein (CYBA) and increased Nrf2 and eNOS levels. HSD+WO treated groups had significant decrease in insulin, FFA, leptin, TBARS in serum and liver tissue were observed.CONCLUSIONThese results suggest that WO effectively reduces oxidative stress, improved thermogenic genes and increased antioxidant capacity. These effects might be at least partially mediated via regulation of the gene proteins involved in energy metabolism, oxidative stress and vasoprotection.Support or Funding InformationOmni Active Health Technologies Ltd. India