bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The tube cement of Phragmatopoma californica: a solid foam
Authors: Stewart Russell J. , Weaver James C. , Morse Daniel E. , Waite J. Herbert 
Published: December 2004

SUMMARY
Phragmatopoma californica is a marine polychaete that builds protective tubes by joining bits of shell and sand grains with a secreted proteinaceous cement. The cement forms a solid foam (closed cells) via covalent crosslinking, as revealed by electron and laser scanning confocal microscopy. The cement contains extractable calcium and magnesium,and non-extractable phosphorus. Amino acid analysis demonstrated that the phosphorus is in the form of phosphoserine and that &gt;90% of serine in the cement (i.e. 28 mol% of residues) is phosphorylated. In addition to previously identified basic proteins, the cement contains a highly acidic polyphosphoserine protein as a major component. We propose a model for the structure and bonding mechanism of the cement that has the following major features: (1) within the secretory pathway of cement gland cells, the electrostatic association of the oppositely charged proteins and divalent cations (Ca2+ and Mg2+) condense the cement proteins into dehydrated secretory granules; (2) the condensation of the cement leads to the separation of the solution into two aqueous phases (complex coacervation) that creates the closed cell foam structure of the cement; (3)rehydration of the condensed cement granules after deposition onto tube particles contributes to the displacement of water from the mineral substrate to facilitate underwater adhesion; and (4) after secretion, covalent cross-linking through oxidative coupling of DOPA gradually solidifies the continuous phase of the cement to set the porous structure.
Toward an anthropology of culpability
Authors: Sundar Nandini 
Published: December 2004

ABSTRACTAnthropologists concerned with political violence and justice must engage in a comparative examination of culpability for past and ongoing crimes. When powerful states use reparations, truth commissions, or war crime tribunals to attribute culpability to others, including their past selves, they often, paradoxically, legitimize ongoing injustices. As against culturalist explanations for mass violence, which set up a hierarchy of cultures, we need to look at the institutional sites through which public morality is constructed. This approach is illustrated with reference to the killing of Muslims in Gujarat, India, in 2002 and to the invasion of Iraq by the United States in 2003.
Modernity without romance? Masculinity and desire in courtship stories told by young papua new guinean men
Authors: Lipset David 
Published: December 2004

ABSTRACTRomance has been theoretically associated with the estrangements created by modern individualism. As demonstrated in courtship stories told by young men from the Murik Lakes in Papua New Guinea, the relationship of Murik culture to modernity has not resulted in narratives that privilege a construction of courtship in which the self merges with the beloved. Desire is not defined in terms of romantic love but is set amid events that are scrupulously fixed in the foregrounds of specific times and exact locations. In these tales, representations of personhood are organized by a Homeric chronotope rather than by a romantic one. Although masculinity in Murik culture has undergone important transformations in the 20th century, its sociology has not given way to the discourse of modern individualism.
Please Play with Your Food: An Incomplete Survey of Culinary Wonders in Italian Renaissance Cookery
Authors: parzen jeremy 
Published: December 2004

Wonders in Italian Renaissance Cookery
As early as the 1st century C.E., food writers and cooks were devising illusions and theatrical presentations using food and culinary formulas. Roman gourmet Apicius' famous dish "Anchovies without Anchovies" and his utterance that "no one will know what he is eating" are (literally) classic examples of such "culinary wonders."
In recent memory, illustrious chefs like Escoffier at the Savoy in London (who recreated a naval tragedy using poached chicken escalopes) and Abe Lebewohl of the Second Avenue Deli in New York City (who built a replica of the World Trade Center Twin Towers using chopped chicken livers) have made truly extraordinary--if not tasteful--contributions in this field of culinary arts.
Such artifice and conceits found what was perhaps their greatest expression during the Italian Renaissance when the author of the "first modern cookery book," Maestro Martino of Como, documented a series of mirabilia gulae or "wonders of culinary indulgence," including a roast peacock that appears to be alive and spews fire and fishes that appear to swim in a suspended gelatin aquarium.
A survey of his and his contemporaries' recipes reveals that the wholly new genre of culinary writing emerged together with the many other "secret books" of the Italian Renaissance, including miscellanea by famous Renaissance figures like Luca Pacioli.
Mutations in Su(var)205 and Su(var)3-7 Suppress P-Element-Dependent Silencing in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Bushey Daniel , Locke John 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
In Drosophila melanogaster, the w+ transgene in P{lacW}ciDplac is uniformly expressed throughout the adult eye. However, when other P elements are present, this w+ transgene is randomly silenced and this produces a variegated eye phenotype. This P-element-dependent silencing (PDS) is limited to w+ transgenes inserted in a specific region on chromosome 4. In a screen for genetic modifiers of PDS, we isolated mutations in Su(var)205, Su(var)3-7, and two unidentified genes that suppress this variegated phenotype. Therefore, only a few of the genes encoding heterochromatic modifiers act dose dependently in PDS. In addition, we recovered two spontaneous mutations of P{lacW}ciDplac that variegate in the absence of P elements. These P{lacW}ciDplac derivatives have a gypsy element inserted proximally to the P{lacW}ciDplac insert. The same mutations that suppress PDS also suppress w+ silencing from these P{lacW}ciDplac derivative alleles. This indicates that both cis-acting changes in sequence and trans-acting P elements cause a similar change in chromatin structure that silences w+ expression in P{lacW}ciDplac. Together, these results confirm that PDS occurs at P{lacW}ciDplac because of the chromatin structure at this chromosomal position. Studying w+ variegation from P{lacW}ciDplac provides a model for the interactions that can enhance heterochromatic silencing at single P-element inserts.
Haplotype Structure and Phenotypic Associations in the Chromosomal Regions Surrounding Two Arabidopsis thaliana Flowering Time LociSequence data from this article have been deposited with the EMBL/GenBank Data Libraries under accession nos. AY781906, AY785055.
Authors: Hagenblad Jenny , Tang Chunlao , Molitor John , Werner Jonathan , Zhao Keyan , Zheng Honggang , Marjoram Paul , Weigel Detlef , Nordborg Magnus 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
The feasibility of using linkage disequilbrium (LD) to fine-map loci underlying natural variation in Arabidopsis thaliana was investigated by looking for associations between flowering time and marker polymorphism in the genomic regions containing two candidate genes, FRI and FLC, both of which are known to contribute to natural variation in flowering. A sample of 196 accessions was used, and polymorphism was assessed by sequencing a total of 17 roughly 500-bp fragments. Using a novel Bayesian algorithm based on haplotype similarity, we demonstrate that LD could have been used to fine-map the FRI gene to a roughly 30-kb region and to identify two common loss-of-function alleles. Interestingly, because of genetic heterogeneity, simple single-marker associations would not have been able to map FRI with nearly the same precision. No clear evidence for previously unknown alleles at either locus was found, but the effect of population structure in causing false positives was evident.
The Enhancer-Blocking Activity of the Fab-7 Boundary From the Drosophila Bithorax Complex Requires GAGA-Factor-Binding Sites
Authors: Schweinsberg Susan , Hagstrom Kirsten , Gohl Daryl , Schedl Paul , Kumar Ram P , Mishra Rakesh , Karch Francois 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
In the work reported here we have analyzed the role of the GAGA factor [encoded by the Trithorax-like (Trl) gene] in the enhancer-blocking activity of Frontabdominal-7 (Fab-7), a domain boundary element from the Drosophila melanogaster bithorax complex (BX-C). One of the three nuclease hypersensitive sites in the Fab-7 boundary, HS1, contains multiple consensus-binding sequences for the GAGA factor, a protein known to be involved in the formation and/or maintenance of nucleosome-free regions of chromatin. GAGA protein has been shown to localize to the Fab-7 boundary in vivo, and we show that it recognizes sequences from HS1 in vitro. Using two different transgene assays we demonstrate that GAGA-factor-binding sites are necessary but not sufficient for full Fab-7 enhancer-blocking activity. We show that distinct GAGA sites are required for different enhancer-blocking activities at different stages of development. We also show that the enhancer-blocking activity of the endogenous Fab-7 boundary is sensitive to mutations in the gene encoding the GAGA factor Trithorax-like.
The Identities of sym-2, sym-3 and sym-4, Three Genes That Are Synthetically Lethal With mec-8 in Caenorhabditis elegansSequence data from this article have been deposited with the EMBL/GenBank Data Libraries under accession nos. AY220985, AY221634, AY223545, and AY372076.
Authors: Yochem John , Bell Leslie R , Herman Robert K 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
On the basis of synthetic lethality, five genes in Caenorhabditis elegans are known to be redundant with the mec-8 gene, which encodes a protein that contains two copies of an RNA recognition motif (RRM) and affects alternative RNA splicing. The molecular identities of two of the redundant genes, sym-1 and sym-5, were previously reported. The remaining three genes have now been cloned, and their synthetically lethal phenotypes with mec-8 are described in more detail. Animals homozygous for mec-8 and sym-2 loss-of-function mutations die during late embryogenesis. The SYM-2 predicted protein contains three RRMs; we propose that SYM-2 and MEC-8 can substitute for each other in promoting the maturation of the transcripts of a vital gene. Animals homozygous for mutations in mec-8 and in either sym-3 or sym-4 have the same striking defect: they arrest development just prior to or just after hatching with a pharynx that appears fully formed but is not properly attached to the body cuticle. sym-3 encodes a protein of unknown function with orthologs in Drosophila and mammals. sym-4 encodes a WD-repeat protein and may also have orthologs in Drosophila and mammals. We propose that SYM-3 and SYM-4 contribute to a common developmental pathway that is redundant with a MEC-8-dependent pathway.
Chromosome-Wide Regulation of Meiotic Crossover Formation in Caenorhabditis elegans Requires Properly Assembled Chromosome Axes
Authors: Nabeshima Kentaro , Villeneuve Anne M , Hillers Kenneth J 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
Most sexually reproducing organisms depend on the regulated formation of crossovers, and the consequent chiasmata, to accomplish successful segregation of homologous chromosomes at the meiosis I division. A robust, chromosome-wide crossover control system limits chromosome pairs to one crossover in most meioses in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans; this system has been proposed to rely on structural integrity of meiotic chromosome axes. Here, we test this hypothesis using a mutant, him-3(me80), that assembles reduced levels of meiosis-specific axis component HIM-3 along cohesin-containing chromosome axes. Whereas pairing, synapsis, and crossing over are eliminated when HIM-3 is absent, the him-3(me80) mutant supports assembly of synaptonemal complex protein SYP-1 along some paired chromosomes, resulting in partial competence for chiasma formation. We present both genetic and cytological evidence indicating that the him-3(me80) mutation leads to an increased incidence of meiotic products with two crossovers. These results indicate that limiting the amount of a major axis component results in a reduced capacity to communicate the presence of a (nascent) crossover and/or to discourage others in response.
Genomic Deletions of the Drosophila melanogaster Hsp70 Genes
Authors: Gong Wei J , Golic Kent G 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
Homologous recombination can produce directed mutations in the genomes of a number of model organisms, including Drosophila melanogaster. One of the most useful applications has been to delete target genes to generate null alleles. In Drosophila, specific gene deletions have not yet been produced by this method. To test whether such deletions could be produced by homologous recombination in D. melanogaster we set out to delete the Hsp70 genes. Six nearly identical copies of this gene, encoding the major heat-shock protein in Drosophila, are found at two separate but closely linked loci. This arrangement has thwarted standard genetic approaches to generate an Hsp70-null fly, making this an ideal test of gene targeting. In this study, ends-out targeting was used to generate specific deletions of all Hsp70 genes, including one deletion that spanned ∼47 kb. The Hsp70-null flies are viable and fertile. The results show that genomic deletions of varied sizes can be readily generated by homologous recombination in Drosophila.
Maternal isodisomy of the telomeric end of chromosome 2 is responsible for a case of primary hyperoxaluria type 1
Authors: Chevalier‐Porst Françoise , Rolland Marie‐Odile , Cochat Pierre , Bozon Dominique 
Published: December 2004

AbstractPrimary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1) is an autosomal recessive disorder of glyoxylate metabolism, in which excessive oxalates are formed by the liver and excreted by the kidneys, causing a wide spectrum of disease, ranging from renal failure in infancy to mere renal stones in late adulthood. This disease is caused by a deficiency of alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase (AGT), which is encoded by a single copy gene, AGXT, located in 2q37.3. We identified an apparently homozygous, loss‐of‐function, mutation in a patient; the gene defect was present in the heterozygous mother but not in the patient's father. We performed a microsatellite repeat analysis using 13 specific chromosome 2 markers and non‐chromosome 2 minisatellites. Six specific chromosome 2 markers showed an apparently homozygous maternal inheritance while four showed a biparental transmission consistent with paternity (confirmed by minisatellite analysis). Quantitative PCR of AGXT exons 1 and 3 on the patient's and parents genomic DNA revealed the presence of two copies of the gene. This is the first case of PH1 caused by segmental maternal isodisomy of 2q37.3. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fryns syndrome with Hirschsprung disease: Support for possible neural crest involvement
Authors: Alkuraya Fowzan S. , Lin Angela E. , Irons Mira B. , Kimonis Virginia E. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractFryns syndrome is an autosomal recessive multiple congenital anomaly/mental retardation syndrome characterized by coarse face, distal limb hypoplasia, and diaphragmatic anomalies. We describe a newborn girl with Fryns syndrome and Hirschsprung disease, an association that has been reported in five previous cases. These patients support the hypothesis that the neural crest plays a role in the pathogenesis of Fryns syndrome. Clinically asymptomatic or subtle anomalies that are in the spectrum of neural crest maldevelopment should be sought in all patients with Fryns syndrome including stillbirths, neonatal deaths, as well as long‐term survivors. We suspect that the clinical observation about Hirschsprung disease and Fryns syndrome may provide insight into its molecular mechanisms and candidate genes. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization of liver involvement in defects of cholesterol biosynthesis: Long‐term follow‐up and review
Authors: Rossi Massimiliano , Vajro Pietro , Iorio Raffaele , Battagliese Antonella , Brunetti‐Pierri Nicola , Corso Gaetano , Di Rocco Maja , Ferrari Paola , Rivasi Francesco , Vecchione Raffaella , Andria Generoso , Parenti Giancarlo 
Published: December 2004

AbstractInborn defects of cholesterol biosynthesis are a group of metabolic disorders presenting with mental retardation and multiple congenital anomalies (MCA/MR syndromes). Functional and structural liver involvement has been reported as a rare (2.5–6%) complication of the Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome (SLOS) (OMIM: #270400) and it has not been fully characterized. Here, we report on a long‐term follow‐up study of four patients with SLOS, and one case with lathosterolosis (OMIM: #607330) who presented with liver disease and underwent an extensive diagnostic work‐up. Reports of liver involvement in cholesterol biosynthesis defects are reviewed. Two main different patterns of liver involvement emerged: progressive cholestasis, and stable isolated hypertransaminasemia. In our series, the first pattern was found in two patients with SLOS and one with lathosterolosis, and the second in two SLOS cases. Cholestasis was associated with early lethality and normal serum γ‐glutamyl‐transferase (GGT) levels in SLOS, while possible prolonged survival and high GGT levels were seen in lathosterolosis. Hepatic fibrosis was present in both conditions. Liver biopsy performed in one of our SLOS patients with isolated hypertransaminasemia, showed only mild hydropic degeneration of the hepatocytes. The presence of liver involvement in 16% of the SLOS patients diagnosed at our Center suggests that this complication might have been underestimated in previously reported cases, possibly overshadowed by the severity of multiple malformations. Fetal hepatopathy, cholestasis, and isolated hypertransaminasemia can occur also in other disorders of cholesterol biosynthesis, such as mevalonic aciduria (OMIM: +251170), desmosterolosis (OMIM: #602398), Conradi–Hünermann syndrome (OMIM: #302960), Greenberg dysplasia (OMIM: #215140), and Pelger–Huët homozygosity syndrome (#169400). This group of inherited disorders should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with liver disease associated with developmental delay and/or multiple malformations. Periodic liver function evaluations are recommended in these patients. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Velocardiofacial syndrome with single central incisor
Authors: Oberoi Snehlata , Vargervik Karin 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThree siblings and their mother are reported who all had cytogenetically proven velocardiofacial syndrome (VCFS). One boy had normal dental and craniofacial findings, except for an increased cranial base angle. His sister had only one central incisor in the maxilla. One central incisor had also been missing in the primary dentition. She had no labial frenulum present. Cephalometry showed a small maxillary unit length indicating mild maxillary hypoplasia, an increased anterior face height, steep mandibular plane angle, retruded chin, and a large cranial base angle. Dental measurements showed retroclined lower incisors and increased interincisal angle. A second sister had a cleft of the secondary palate. All permanent teeth were present with the exception of a missing central incisor in the lower jaw: the single lower central incisor was situated in the midline. Her cephalometry showed similar findings as in her sister. All three siblings required palate surgery for speech. Mother was not available for detailed dental and other oral investigations. A single maxillary central incisor has previously been reported in VCFS, but to our knowledge a single central incisor in the mandible has not been reported previously in this entity. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Down syndrome with pure partial trisomy 21q22 due to a paternal insertion (4;21) uncovered by uncultured amniotic fluid interphase FISH
Authors: Lee J. , Stanley J.R. , Vaz S.A. , Mulvihill J.J. , Wilson P. , Hopcus‐Niccum D. , Li Shibo 
Published: December 2004

AbstractObjective: To emphasize the usefulness and reliability of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on uncultured amniotic fluid cells in the prenatal diagnosis of common chromosomal aneuploidies. Methods: FISH analyses utilizing centromeric, locus‐specific or whole chromosome paint DNA probes specific for chromosomes X, Y, 13, 18, 21, and 4 were performed on uncultured amniotic fluid cells or the peripheral blood specimen from the father. Routine chromosome analysis was carried out as well. Results: A prenatal case with partial trisomy 21 due to a paternal cryptic insertion (4;21) was ascertained by a rapid overnight FISH on uncultured amniotic fluid cells. The fetus was delivered at term and had classical features of Down syndrome. Conclusion: Our results stress the importance of FISH on uncultured amniotic fluid cells to supplement routine cytogenetics, especially in cases with abnormal ultrasound findings. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expanding the World of Endohedral Fullerenes—The Tm3N@C2n (39≤n≤43) Clusterfullerene Family
Authors: Krause Matthias , Wong Joanna , Dunsch Lothar 
Published: December 2004

AbstractA new family of endohedral fullerenes, based on an encaged trithulium nitride (Tm3N) cluster, was synthesised, isolated and characterised by HPLC, mass spectrometry, and visible‐NIR and FTIR spectroscopy. Tm3N clusterfullerenes with cages as small as C76 and as large as C88 were prepared and six of them were isolated. Tm3N@C78 is a small clusterfullerene. The two isomers of Tm3N@C80 (I and II) were the most abundant structures in the fullerene soot. Tm3N@C82, Tm3N@C84, and Tm3N@C86 represent a new series of higher clusterfullerenes. All six isolated Tm3N clusterfullerenes were classified as large energy‐gap structures with optical energy gaps between ∼1.2 and ∼1.75 eV. Tm3N@C80 (I) and Tm3N@C80 (II) were assigned to the C80 cages C80:7 (Ih) and C80:6 (D5h). For Tm3N@C78, the analysis pointed to an elliptical carbon cage with C78:1 (D3) or C78:4 (D3h) being the probable structures.