bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BCL‐2 expression in adult and embryonic non‐haematopoietic tissues
Authors: Lu Qi‐Long , Poulsom Richard , Wong Leslie , Hanby Andrew M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe B‐cell leukaemia/lymphoma‐2 (bcl‐2) proto‐oncogene is unusual as its product appears to provide survival advantage to B cells by blocking apoptosis. In this study, the expression of bcl‐2 has been examined in normal nonhaematopoietic tissues, embryos, and psoriatic skin by immunohistochemical staining. Bcl‐2 protein expression is mainly observed in cell populations with a long life and/or proliferating ability such as duct cells in exocrine glands, basal keratinocytes, cells at the bottom of colon crypts, and neurons. In the skin of both adult and embryo and also embryonic kidney and cartilage, bcl‐2 expression was observed in cells which were undergoing morphological transition from undifferentiated stem cells to committed precursor cells. The finding of bcl‐2 expression in the terminal differentiated syncytial trophoblast, but not cytotrophoblast, and in some cells responsive to hormone stimulation such as in the endometrium and myometrium suggests that the gene expression may be related too hormone responsiveness. As no bci‐2 localization was seen in the benign hyperproliferative skin condition psoriasis, this does not suggest a straightforward link to proliferation. These observations support the view that the bcl‐2 gene may have an important role in cell development, maturation, and the path to terminal differentiation.
TGF alpha and TGF beta expression in mammary carcinoma
Authors: Dublin Edwin A. , Barnes Diana M. , Wang Dennis Y. , King Roger J. B. , Levison David A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractTGF alpha and beta expression was examined using rabbit polyclonal antibodies and immunohistochemistry on a series of 195 breast carcinomas. TGF alpha immunoreactivity was observed in all but nine of the tumours, with over 50 per cent staining strongly. The polyclonal TGF alpha antibody (CIM1), when compared with a commercially available mouse monoclonal TGF alpha antibody used on the same sections, gave a good correlation (r=0.52, P<0.001). Both TGF alpha antibodies produced a granular cytoplasmic staining pattern, that with CIM 1 being coarser, suggestive of binding to an aggregated protein or organelle. Eighty‐one per cent of tumours stained with the TGF beta antibody, 35 per cent strongly. There was significant co‐expression of TGF alpha and TGF beta (P<0.001). However, they were not found to be useful prognostic indicators, lacking any significant correlation with histological classification, tumour size, nodal status, oestrogen receptor status, S‐phase fraction, or overall survival over a 9–12 year period. The expression of these growth factors in most breast carcinomas suggests that they have important biological roles, but the exact nature of these roles remains unclear at the moment.
Modulation of cell surface componts of human breast cancer cells by retinoic acid: Enhanced HLA‐DR Expression
Authors: Gardner F. J. E. , Walker Rosemary A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe effect of the differentiating agent all‐trans‐retinoic acid on the expression of components of the milk fat globule membrane and HLA‐DR by breast cancer cell lines has been examined. Effects on proliferation were also considered, to determine whether any cell surface changes were related to or independent of proliferation effects. No significant differences were observed in the expression of components detected by the milk fat globule membrane antibodies HMFG1 and HMFG2 over 8 days culture with 10‐7‐10‐9 M retinoic acid for the cell lines MCF‐7, T‐47 D, ZR‐75, MDA‐MB‐231, and BT‐20. In contrast, there was enhanced expression of HLA‐DR by two oestrogen receptor‐positive cell lines T‐47 D and ZR‐75 and the oestrogen receptor‐negative line MDA‐MB‐231, with differing sensitivities. These effects were independent of inhibition of proliferation, which was only observed for oestrogen receptor‐positive cell lines and for different durations of exposure. The finding of enhanced HLA‐DR expression after retinoic acid treatment has not previously been reported and is of interest regarding clinical potential for the induction of tumour immunity.
Evidence of perforin‐mediated cardiac myocyte injury in acute murine myocarditis caused by coxsackie virus B3
Authors: Seko Yoshinori , Shinkai Yoichi , Kawasaki Akemi , Yagita Hideo , Okumura Ko , Yazaki Yoshio 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe have recently demonstrated that killer cells expressing a cytolytic factor, perforin, infiltrate the hearts of mice with acute viral myocarditis and may play an important role in the mechanism of myocardial damage. To clarify the mechanism of in vivo cardiac myocyte injury mediated by perforin, we investigated the release of perforin molecules from killer cells by immunoelectron microscopy and examined the circular lesions formed by perforin on the membrane of cardiac myocytes. We found that there was massive release of perforin molecules from the killer cells directly onto the surface of the cardiac myocytes. Furthermore, electron microscopy of ultrathin ventricular sections treated with trypsin revealed numerous circular lesions with the characteristics of perforin pores, in the membranes of cardiac myocytes. These findings provide the first direct evidence that killer cells injure cardiac myocytes by releasing perforin and may play a critical role in the myocardial damage occurring in acute viral myocarditis.
Immunohistochemical distribution of heart‐type fatty acid‐binding protein immunoreactivity in normal human tissues and in acute myocardial infarct
Authors: Watanabe Kazuo , Wakabayashi Hironao , Veerkamp J. H. , Ono Teruo , Suzuki Toshimitsu 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe cellular distribution of heart‐type fatty acid‐binding protein (H‐FABP) immunoreactivity was examined in normal human tissues using a polyclonal antibody against human H‐FABP. Immunoreactivity was detected in cardio‐myocytes of both ventricles and atria as well as in all striated muscles investigated. In addition, staining was frequently observed in parietal cells of the stomach, renal epithelial cells, acinar and ductal cells of the breast, ductal cells of the salivary gland, corpus luteum, and Leydig cells of the testis. Adipocytes and vascular endothelial cells were positive but other tissues and cells examined were negative. Old infarcts of the heart replaced by fibrous connective tissues were not labelled. Necrotic cardiomyocytes and morphologically normal cardiomyocytes in acute ischaemic lesions 1 h after onset showed reduced or no H‐FABP immunoreactivity. Thus, decreased immunoreactivity for H‐FABP may be a good histological marker of damaged cardiomyocytes.
p53 and c‐erbB‐2 protein expression in adenocarcinomas and epithelial dysplasias of the gall bladder
Authors: Kamel Dia , Pääkkö Paavo , Nuorva Kyösti , Vähäkangas Kirsi , Soini Ylermi 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIn this study we investigated immunohistochemically the expression of p53 and c‐erbB‐2 proteins in 30 gall bladder adenocarcinomas, one carcinoma in situ, eight gall bladder epithelial dysplasias, and four cases of chronic cholecystitis. p53 expression could be found in 14 (47 per cent) adenocarcinomas and in two out of eight epithelial dysplasias. There were significantly more p53‐positive grade II‐III tumours than grade I tumours (P=0.032 according to Fisher's exact probability test). c‐erbB‐2 expression was found in three (10 per cent) adenocarcinomas, but all dysplasias were c‐erbB‐2‐negative. All three c‐erbB‐2‐positive cases were also p53‐positive. The results indicate that p53 mutations and c‐erbB‐2 gene alterations play a role in the neoplastic transformation of gall bladder epithelial cells. Co‐expression of p53 and c‐erbB‐2 suggests that alterations of these genes might act in concert in the neoplastic transformation. The occurrence of p53 expression in gall bladder dysplasias suggests that p53 mutations could be an early event in the evolution of some gall bladder carcinomas, as has been suggested for some other types of tumours, such as lung squamous cell carcinomas.
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in benign and malignant epithelium of the gall bladder, extrahepatic bile ducts, and ampulla of vater
Authors: Maxwell Perry , Davis Richard I. , Sloan James M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractCarcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) has been reported in benign and malignant epithelium of the gall bladder, although cross‐reactivity with CEA‐related antigens cannot be excluded. We have investigated the immunoreactivity of three monoclonal and two polyclonal antisera to CEA in benign and malignant epithelium of the gall bladder, extrahepatic bile ducts, and ampulla of Vater. The results varied with the antisera, due to cross‐reactivity with CEA‐related antigens and according to the epitope specificities. Little CEA was found in benign epithelium using monoclonal antisera or following absorption of a polyclonal antiserum from Dako with human liver powder. The latter was the most reliable at detecting malignant epithelium of the gall bladder and extrahepatic bile ducts. All antisera showed equal immunoreactivity in tumours of the ampulla of Vater. The differences seen in the immunoreactivities between tumours of the upper and lower extrahepatic biliary tract probably indicate a variation in the occurrence of CEA epitopes.
Lymphoma in the BB/E rat: C‐myc translocation identified
Authors: Meehan C. J. , Krajewski A. S. , Butcher G. W. , Smith W. , Baird J. D. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIn a prospective necropsy study involving 257 animals in the BB rat colony in Edinburgh, there was an increased incidence of lymphoma (average 10.9 per cent in all three subgroups: 8 per cent in diabetic, 20 per cent in non‐diabetic diabetes‐prone, and 3.2 per cent in diabetes‐resistant rats). The incidence was significantly increased (P<0.05) in the non‐diabetic diabetes‐prone subgroup. These results differ markedly from previous results and indicate that the relationship between lymphoma and diabetes is more complex than previously suggested. All the lymphomas bar one involved the ileocaecal nodes and were classified as immunoblastic lymphomas of B‐cell origin. There was a striking resemblance both in tissue distribution and in histological classification to the lymphoma seen in the established B‐cell lymphoma model, the LOUVAIN rat. Southern blot analysis carried out on the BB rat lymphomas revealed a translocation of variable length involving the c‐myc oncogene. Such a translocation has not been demonstrated in the BB rat before.
Absence of Epstein—Barr viral RNA in lymphomatoid papulosis
Authors: Kadin Marshall E. , Vonderheid Eric C. , Weiss Lawrence M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractEpstein‐Barr virus (EBV) recently has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Hodgkin's disease (HD). Lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP) is a premalignant cutaneous lymphoproliferative disorder which shares several characteristics with HD. The hypothesis has been made that EBV may be associated with the pathogenesis of LyP. We therefore examined 17 skin biopsy specimens and two lymph nodes from nine patients with LyP for EBV RNA using the highly sensitive and specific EBER method. In all specimens, the large atypical cells were negative for EBV while poly T studies confirmed the presence of adequate RNA for detection of EBER. The negative EBER results were confirmed in seven LyP patients whose biopsies were also stained for latent membrane protein (LMP‐1). Interestingly, one patient with clonally related LyP and HD had no EBV RNA detected in any specimen. We conclude that EBV is unlikely to be an important aetiological agent in LyP. If confirmed in other patients, HD associated with LyP may have a different aetiology from HD arising de novo.
Identical expression of ELAM‐1, VCAM‐1, and ICAM‐1 in sarcoidosis and usual interstitial pneumonitis
Authors: Van Dinther‐janssen A. C. H. M. , Van Maarsseveen T. C. M. Th. , Eckert H. , Newman W. , Meijer C. J. L. M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractExtravasation of leucocytes in tissues is mediated by leucocyte—endothelial cell interactions in which adhesion molecules play an important role. Until now, two pathways have been unravelled, i.e., the LFA‐1/ICAM‐1 and the VLA‐4/VCAM‐1 pathways. ELAM‐1 has been shown to be involved in granulocyte accumulation and recently also in lymphocyte migration. The role of HECA‐452 is under investigation. In this study we have investigated the expression of the above‐mentioned adhesion molecules in lung tissue of patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis and usual interstitial pneumonitis (UIP), and in mediastinal lymph nodes of patients with sarcoidosis. ICAM‐1 (CD54) was broadly distributed on the endothelium of all the vessels found in sarcoidosis and UIP. VCAM‐1 was present on the endothelium of the venules, capillaries, and arterioles in both sarcoidosis and UIP. ELAM‐1 reacted with endothelial cells lining venules and capillaries in chronic progressive sarcoidosis and in the active phase of UIP but not in the stationary phases of both diseases. HECA‐452 activity could be detected only on high endothelial venules within sarcoid lymph nodes. In lung tissues, macrophages bearing the ICAM‐1 antigen were present in sarcoid tissue but not in the interstitium and alveolar space of UIP. LFA‐1 (CD11a/CD18) and VLA‐4 (CD49d/CD29) were present on all leucocytes found but seemed to be more highly expressed on lymphocytes in sarcoidosis. These findings suggest that the LFA‐1/ICAM‐1 and VLA‐4/VCAM‐1 pathways are involved in leucocyte migration in both types of lung disease, while in the active phases of sarcoidosis and UIP, ELAM‐1 is also involved.
The diagnostic implications of variable cytokeratin expression in mesotheliomas
Authors: Mayall Frederick G. , Goddard Heather , Gibbs Allen R. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractImmunostaining for cytokeratin has a well‐established diagnostic application in distinguishing sarcomatous mesotheliomas from sarcomas based on the premise that cytokeratin expression is common in mesotheliomas but very rare in sarcomas. However, the frequency of cytokeratin detection is highly dependent on the choice of antibody. The aim of this study was to examine the distribution of simple cytokeratins and stratified cytokeratins in 45 mesotheliomas of various types and to assess the diagnostic utility of a simple cytokeratin antibody, a stratified cytokeratin antibody, and a broad spectrum cytokeratin antibody with the aim of establishing the superiority of one for routine diagnostic use. Particular attention was paid to the potential utility of these antibodies in biopsy specimens. The broad spectrum cytokeratin antibody performed better than both the simple cytokeratin antibody (paired t‐test: P < 0.01) and the stratified cytokeratin antibody (P < 0.01) as a diagnostic marker of mesothelioma and should be used in preference to the other two antibodies, particularly when considering small biopsy specimens.
Immune complex degradation by cultured rat mesangial cells
Authors: Furness Peter N. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe binding and degradation of radiolabelled immune complexes by cultured rat glomerular mesangial cells were measured and compared with the binding and degradation by thioglycollate‐elicited rat peritoneal macrophages. Mesangial cells are generally considered to be a modified pericyte with smooth muscle‐like properties, but they were able to bind and degrade soluble immune complexes at rates comparable to those of the macrophages. In a second study, the ability of cultured mesangial cells to bind and degrade immune complexes of varying molecular weight was assessed. Very large, insoluble complexes were found to bind to mesangial cells more avidly than small soluble complexes, but unlike the small complexes, the large complexes did not appear to undergo degradation. These findings support a role for the intrinsic mesangial cell in the elimination of small soluble immune complexes as they arrive in the glomerulus. They also provide a possible explanation for the paradox that large immune complexes—i.e., electron‐dense deposits—can persist in the mesangium next to the intrinsic mesangial cells without being rapidly destroyed.
DNA cytometric and interphase cytogenetic analyses of paraffin‐embedded hydatidiform moles and hydropic abortions
Authors: Van De Kaa Christina A. , Hanselaar Antonius G. J. M. , Hopman ANTON H. N. , Nelson Karin A. M. , Peperkamp Antonius R. , Gemmink Johanna H. , Beck Johan L. M. , De Wilde Peter C. M. , Ramaekers Frans C. S. , Vooijs G. Peter 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe combined application of DNA cytometric and interphase cytogenetic analyses was used to find objective criteria for the differential diagnosis of complete hydatidiform mole, partial hydatidiform mole and hydropic abortion. DNA ploidy and G0/G1 exceeding rates were determined using image and flow cytometric analyses on paraffin‐embedded tissues of 166 cases: 71 cases of complete mole, 20 cases of partial mole, and 75 cases of abortions. To determine the existence and histological distribution of cell subpopulations with numerical chromosome aberrations, interphase cytogenetic analysis using probes specific for chromosomes 1, X, and Y was applied to paraffin tissue sections of 23 cases: 12 cases of complete mole, 3 cases of partial mole, and 8 cases of abortions. In contrast to previously reported findings that complete moles are diploid, the results of this study showed that complete moles are DNA‐polyploid (96 per cent), with high G0/G1 exceeding rates and a high frequency of numerical chromosomal aberrations in the trophoblast hyperplasia. The majority of the partial moles were DNA‐triploid (55 per cent). This study, however, also showed the presence of DNA‐polyploid partial moles (30 per cent). Abortions were DNA‐diploid (60 per cent) or DNA‐triploid (39 per cent). DNA cytometric analysis, especially image DNA cytometric analysis with determination of the G0/G1 exceeding rate, and interphase cytogenetic analysis provide objective measurements which are contributory in the differential diagnosis between complete mole, partial mole, and hydropic abortion.
T‐cell lymphoma developing in Hodgkin's disease: Evidence for two clones
Authors: Wlodarska Iwona , Delabie Jan , De Wolf‐peeters Chris , Mecucci Cristina , Stul Michel , Verhoef Gregor , Cassiman Jean‐Jacques , Berghe Herman Van Den 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA case of peripheral T‐cell lymphoma (PTL) occurring in a patient with Hodgkin's disease (HD) in relapse is described. The second neoplasm developed 25 months after the diagnosis of HD. Cytogenetic analysis on the lymph node biopsy at the time of diagnosis of PTL revealed the co‐existence of two distinct, abnormal cell clones. The first clone was characterized by a reciprocal translocation t(5;7)(q13;q35) involving 7q35, namely the TCR‐β gene, as expected in T‐cell lymphomas. The second cell clone carried trisomies for chromosomes 2, 5, 7, and 14. By immunophenotypic and molccular analysis as well as by in situ hybridization, it was possible to prove that the malignant T‐cells and the Reed‐Sternberg cells corresponded to different cell clones, one carrying the structural chromosome abnormalities and one carrying the numerical chromosome anomalies. These results indicate that the present case represented a true composite lymphoma.
Diagnostic and prognostic significance of clonal T‐cell receptor beta gene rearrangements in lymph nodes of patients with mycosis fungoides
Authors: Bakels Victor , Van Oostveen Johan W. , Geerts Marie‐Louise , Gordin Roel L. J. , Walboomers Jan M. M. , Scheffer Erik , Meijer Chris J. L. M. , Willemze Rein 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIn this study, 25 involved and uninvolved lymph nodes from 22 patients with mycosis fungoides (MF) and seven dermatopathic lymph nodes from patients with benign skin disorders were studied for the presence of clonal T‐cell receptor beta (TCRβ) gene rearrangements by Southern blot analysis. These results were correlated with the histological classification, follow‐up data, and survival. The results of the histological classification and Southern blot analysis were concordant in 26 of 32 cases. Clonal TCRβ gene rearrangements were found in all six MF lymph nodes showing (partial) effacement of the normal lymph node architecture, but in none of the eight uninvolved dermatopathic MF lymph nodes and in none of the seven dermatopathic control lymph nodes. In addition, in 5 of 11 dermatopathic MF lymph nodes that were considered to have early involvement by MF at histological examination, clonal TCRβ gene rearrangements were detected. In the group of MF patients with dermatopathic lymphadenopathy, patients with detectable clonal T‐cell populations had a significantly shorter survival than patients without such a population (P<0.01). The results of this study indicate that within the group of dermatopathic MF lymph nodes, prognostically different groups can be distinguished and that TCRβ gene rearrangement analysis may be an important adjunct in the early diagnosis of lymph node involvement by MF.
Expression of P53 protein in normal, dysplastic, and malignant gastric mucosa: An immunohistochemical study
Authors: Joypaul B. Vickram , Newman E. Luke , Hopwood David , Grant Andrew , Qureshi Shahzad , Lane David P. , Cuschieri Alfred 
Published: June 2005

AbstractMutations in the p53 nuclear oncogene are the most frequent genetic abnormalities encountered in human malignancies. Using the polyclonal antibody CM‐1, we have examined the expression of the p53 oncoprotein immunohistochemically in archival material of normal, dysplastic, and malignant gastric mucosa. Abnormal expression of this protein was not observed in biopsies of normal gastric tissue (n=30) but was detected in 22 of the 36 gastric cancers analysed (61 per cent). Nuclear staining was diffuse in 15 of the positive cancer cases, the remaining seven showing a more varied heterogeneous staining pattern. Abnormal p53 protein was not detected in mild (n=14) or moderate (n=16) gastric dysplasia but was present in 3 out of 15 severe dysplasia cases. The results suggest that expression of the p53 oncoprotein is a common finding in gastric cancer and occurs as a late event in the malignant transformation process.
Isolation and characterization of multiple cell types from a single human colonic carcinoma: Tumourigenicity of these cell types in a xenograft system
Authors: Marsh Katrina A. , Stamp Gordon W. H. , Kirkland Susan C. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe HCA‐7 cell line was established from a moderately well differentiated mucinous adenocarcinoma of the colon, which showed histological heterogeneity. This was reflected in the morphological heterogeneity in early passages of the HCA‐7 cell line but diminished as the cells were passaged in vitro. Nine subpopulations were isolated from early passage cultures of the HCA‐7 line and maintained as cell lines. Each subpopulation demonstrated a unique set of stable biological characteristics in vitro. When established in vivo, there was a wide variation in xenograft generation time. The parent cell line gave rise to six distinct xenograft patterns, two of which had been observed in the primary carcinoma. Individual subpopulations yielded characteristic tumours which were composed of between one and four organizational patterns. Xenografts differed in both the organization of cells and the cell differentiation within the different patterns. Mucous cells were absent from some tumours while abundant in others. The subpopulations isolated from the HCA‐7 cell line provide a new and extensive model system for studying the generation and maintenance of phenotypic heterogeneity in colorectal carcinoma.