bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
[F‐18] Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography as a tool for early recognition of incomplete tumor destruction after radiofrequency ablation for liver metastases
Authors: Donckier Vincent , Van Laethem Jean Luc , Goldman Serge , Van Gansbeke Daniel , Feron Pascale , Ickx Brigitte , Wikler David , Gelin Michel 
Published: December 2003

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesTo assess the value of FDG positron emission tomography (PET) for early detection of incomplete tumor destruction after radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for liver metastasis.MethodsTwenty‐eight unresectable liver metastases in 17 patients were treated by RFA. Patients underwent computed tomography (CT) and FDG‐PET preoperatively, at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months postoperatively. Postoperative CT and FDG‐PET at 1 week and 1 month were analyzed to identify hypervascular and hypermetabolic residual tumors at the RFA site. These results were correlated with follow‐up CT and, in case of reintervention, with pathologic results.ResultsIn 24/28 of RFA‐treated metastases, CT and FDG‐PET at 1 week and 1 month showed no tumor residues. During follow‐up, none of these 13 patients developed local recurrence at RFA site. In four patients, FDG‐PET at 1 week and 1 month showed peripheral hypermetabolic residue after RFA, whereas CT did not revealed residual tumor. In three patients, local persistence of viable tumor cells was biopsy‐proven at reintervention. In the fourth, follow‐up CT showed subsequent development of a local recurrence.ConclusionsFDG‐PET accurately monitors the local efficacy of RFA for treatment of liver metastases, as it early recognizes incomplete tumor ablation, not detectable on CT. J. Surg. Oncol. 2003;84:215–223. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High incidence of urinary bladder involvement in carcinomas of the sigmoid and rectum: A retrospective review of 580 patients with colorectal carcinoma
Authors: Kobayashi Takashi , Kamoto Toshiyuki , Sugino Yoshio , Takeuchi Hideo , Habuchi Tomonori , Ogawa Osamu 
Published: December 2003

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesIt is not uncommon for colorectal carcinomas to invade the urinary bladder. However, the actual incidence of urinary bladder invasion of colorectal carcinomas and the common sites of the original tumors are still unclear.MethodsThe clinical records of 580 patients diagnosed with colorectal carcinoma were retrospectively reviewed. A further review of patients with urinary bladder invasion was performed.ResultsOf the 580 patients, 17 (2.9%) had a diagnosis of urinary bladder invasion intraoperatively. The incidence of bladder involvement was significantly higher in carcinomas of the sigmoid and rectum than in carcinomas of other colon segments (4.1 vs. 0.5%, P = 0.017). Although a combination of computed tomography (CT) and cystoscopy predicted 80% of the bladder involvement, preoperative diagnostic modalities could not provide information for the differentiation between macroscopic and pathological invasion or the necessity for total cystectomy.ConclusionsThe sigmoid colon and rectum were common sites of the original tumors invading the urinary bladder compared with other colon segments. CT and cystoscopy are recommended for preoperative screening of the bladder involvement of sigmoid colon and rectal cancer. However, it appeared to be difficult to predict the pathological invasion of malignant cells and the necessity for total cystectomy preoperatively. J. Surg. Oncol. 2003;84:209–214. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development policies and tropical deforestation in the southern Yucatán peninsula: centralized and decentralized approaches
Authors: Klepeis P. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractIt is well established that for multiple biophysical contexts there are legacies of past government policies in present land conditions. Despite this recognition, however, investigation of ongoing tropical deforestation dynamics often de‐emphasizes the past. The case of the southern Yucatán peninsula demonstrates the need for historical analysis in identifying key drivers of deforestation. The most important land‐use changes in the region over the past 100 years are connected to shifts in national development policies. These shifts represent tensions between centralized and decentralized approaches to land management—as represented by the policies of Presidents Díaz (1876–1910) and Cárdenas (1934–40)—that persisted throughout the 20th century. The legacies of these reoccurring development strategies include depleted hardwood reserves, large areas of permanently cleared forest, a complicated system of land allocation, and long‐standing tensions between economic, social welfare, and environmental conservation goals. These findings suggest that while centralized and decentralized approaches to development both focus on natural resource exploitation, the rates of deforestation tend to be faster, the patterns of forest clearing more pronounced, and land‐use decision making less democratic under systems of centralized control. These conclusions hold implications for land‐use decision making today. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Terpyridine‐Functionalized TentaGel Microbeads: Synthesis, Metal Chelation and First Sequential Complexation
Authors: Schubert Ulrich S. , Alexeev Alexander , Andres Philip R. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe functionalization of polystyrene/poly(ethylene glycol) TentaGel® microbeads (d = 20 μm) with 2,2′:6′,2″‐terpyridine units is described resulting in a material with easily accessible ligands which possess an excellent affinity for transition metal ions. The subsequent loading with different metal ions via metal‐to‐ligand complexation yielded the corresponding CoII, NiII, FeII, and CuII modified beads. The isolated materials were investigated in detail utilizing UV/vis spectroscopy, optical microscopy, atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Moreover, grafting of free terpyridine moieties via ruthenium(II)/ruthenium(III)‐chemistry onto the beads is demonstrated. This opens‐up new pathways for the selective modification of such microbeads and the preparation of functional materials.Scheme of the formation of bis‐terpyridine‐metal complexes bound to polystyrene/poly(ethylene glycol) TentaGel® microbeads.magnified imageScheme of the formation of bis‐terpyridine‐metal complexes bound to polystyrene/poly(ethylene glycol) TentaGel® microbeads.
Numerical analysis of reaction front propagation model under Boussinesq approximation
Authors: Agouzal A. , Allali K. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThis paper deals with numerical analysis of system coupling Navier–Stokes equations with two non‐linear reaction–diffusion equations. This system modelize a propagation of reaction front at the case of polymerization. A finite elements approximation is presented, the existence and uniqueness are established. Optimal error estimates are given. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tesmin transcription is regulated differently during male and female meiosis
Authors: Olesen Christian , Møller Morten , Byskov Anne Grete 
Published: December 2003

AbstractTesmin is a protein with homology to the metal‐binding motif of the metallothionein protein family. Tesmin has been described as a testis‐specific transcript, which starts to accumulate in 8‐day‐old mouse spermatocytes. Herein, a differential display comparing meiotic gene expression in embryonic ovaries and mature testes also revealed the presence of the Tesmin transcript in fetal ovaries as well as in fetal and adult heart. Time‐course experiments showed that Tesmin was expressed in a characteristic development‐related manner in fetal ovaries. Only a weak expression was observed at E12½, the strongest signal was reached at E14½, whereas the signal declined between E14½ and E16½. This transitional expression coincides with the early stages of the female meiotic prophase I. In the male, however, Tesmin was expressed in all stages of meiotic prophase I except preleptonema and leptonema. In situ hybridization further showed that the mRNA level increased during prophase I in the male, with the strongest expression seen at the transition from mid‐ to late pachytema (Stage VII–VIII). Furthermore, initiation of Tesmin transcription paralleled that of the synaptonemal complex protein 1 transcript (Scp1) in the fetal ovary and prepubertal testis. We, therefore, propose that Tesmin is likely to have a function in both the male and female meiotic prophase I. Moreover, the distinct difference in both the timing and the level of mRNA accumulation in the two gender's meiotic prophase I suggests that Tesmin transcription may be controlled by two different mechanisms during male and female meiosis. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 67: 116–126, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
α and β spectrin distribution during the differentiation of pyriform cells in follicles of lizard Podarcis sicula
Authors: Ricchiari Loredana , Carmela Vaccaro Maria , Marina Prisco , Rosa Carotenuto , Annamaria Liguoro , Piero Andreuccetti 
Published: December 2003

AbstractUsing α and β spectrin mammalian antibodies on Western blotting, we demonstrated that lizard ovarian follicles contain two isoforms of α spectrin, Mr 94 and 134 kDa, and a 230 kDa β spectrin, and that their pattern modifies in relation to pyriform cell differentiation. In fact, a positive immunoreaction is firstly evident within follicular epithelium of previtellogenic follicles when small cells differentiate into pyriform cells via intermediate cells. Later on, immunostain is present in pyriform cells and in the oocyte cortex that previously appears unstained. It is noteworthy that immunostain is also present on small cells located in contact with the oocyte membrane, but not on those located under the basal lamina and among pyriform cells, not engaged in pyriform cell differentiation. During the subsequent stages of previtellogenic phase, spectrin immunostain over the follicular epithelium and in the oocyte cortex does not change. By contrast, in vitellogenic follicles, when the follicular epithelium is constituted only by small cells, immunostain is evident at the level of the oocyte cortex and the cytoplasm of regressing pyriform cells. The present data strongly suggest that the α and β spectrin pattern put in evidence during the different phases of lizard oocyte growth is related to the differentiation of small into pyriform cells, where such protein may guarantee a relationship between surface glycoproteins (Andreuccetti et al., 2001: Anat Rec 263:1–9), and the cytoskeleton distribution (Maurizii et al., 2000: Raf Mol Reprod Dev 57:159–166). Furthermore, the distribution of spectrin mRNA, similar to that observed for the protein, demonstrates that spectrin, once synthesized within pyriform cells, is transferred through intercellular bridges in the oocyte cortex, thus confirming that pyriform cells are nurse that significantly are involved in the oocyte growth. Finally, the present data demonstrate that α spectrin of lizard ovarian follicles has Mr quite different from those so far reported and may constitute a new group of isoforms. This important result will be the focus of future experiments. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 67: 101–107, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression profiling of the developing testis in wild‐type and Dazl knockout mice
Authors: Maratou Klio , Forster Thorsten , Costa Yael , Taggart Mary , Speed Robert M. , Ireland John , Teague Peter , Roy Douglas , Cooke Howard J. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractGenetic understanding of male‐factor infertility requires knowledge of gene expression patterns associated with normal germ cell differentiation. The mouse is one of the best models of mammalian fertility due to its well‐characterized genetics and the existence of many infertile mutants both naturally occurring and experimentally induced. We used cDNA microarrays firstly to investigate normal gene expression in the wild‐type (wt) testis and secondly to gain a better insight into the effect of the disruption of the Dazl gene on spermatogenesis. We constructed a cDNA microarray from a subtracted and normalized adult testis library and focused on six developmental time‐points during the initial synchronous wave of spermatogenesis. The results suggest that in the wild‐type testis, 89.5% of genes on our chip change expression dramatically during the time‐course. To identify patterns in the gene‐expression data, a k‐means clustering algorithm and principal component analysis were used. In the Dazl knockout testes, the majority of genes remain at baseline levels of expression, because absence of Dazl has a severe effect on cell‐types present in the testis. Although in the prepubescent Dazl‐null mice the final point reached in germ cell development is the leptotene‐zygotene stage, the microarray results suggest that lack of Dazl expression has a detectable effect on the mRNA complement of germ cells as early as day 5 when only type A spermatogonia are present. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 67: 26–54, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Auditory neuropathy/dys‐synchrony: Diagnosis and management
Authors: Berlin Charles I. , Hood Linda , Morlet Thierry , Rose Kelly , Brashears Shanda 
Published: December 2003

AbstractAuditory brainstem responses (ABRs) and otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) are objective measures of auditory function, but are not hearing tests. Normal OAEs reflect normal cochlear outer hair cell function, and an ABR indicates a synchronous neural response. It is quite possible for a patient to have normal OAEs but absent or grossly abnormal ABR and a behavioral audiogram that is inconsistent with either test. These patients, who may constitute as much as 10% of the diagnosed deaf population, have auditory neuropathy/dys‐synchrony (AN/AD). To diagnose AN/AD accurately, ABRs are obtained in response to condensation and rarefaction clicks to distinguish cochlear microphonics (CM) from neural responses. Appropriate management is confounded by variation among patients and changes in auditory function in some patients over time. Recommendations for management include visual language exposure through methods such as American Sign Language (ASL), Cued Speech, or baby signs, and closely following patients. MRDD Research Reviews 2003;9:225–231. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Early amplification options
Authors: Gabbard Sandra Abbott , Schryer Jennifer 
Published: December 2003

AbstractChildren with permanent hearing loss have been remediated with hearing amplification devices for decades. The influx of young infants identified with hearing loss through successful newborn hearing screening programs has established a need for amplification resources for infants within the first six months of life. For the approximately two of every 1000 infants born who are identified with bilateral hearing loss [Mehl and Thomson, 1998, Pediatrics 101, p. e4], the use of amplification is commonly the first step in treating the sequella of their loss. The use of hearing aids, combined with early intervention, has been shown to significantly improve the speech and language skills of young children with hearing loss [Yoshinaga‐Itano, 2000, Seminars in Hearing 21, p. 309]. Speech and language delays have contributed to compromised academic performance of school aged children with hearing loss [Johnson et al., 1997, Educational Audiology Handbook, Singular Publishing, San Diego]. Most hard‐of‐hearing and deaf children use hearing aids and other assistive listening devices every day throughout their lifetime and the life expectancy of a hearing aid is only five to eight years. The current challenge for pediatric audiologists is selecting and evaluating the available amplification to provide the best options for children and their families. Amplification technology has seen an explosion in growth the past few years and the options continue to expand rapidly. This article examines currently available amplification technology and reviews the selection criteria that may be used for infants and young children. Issues such as style, type, amplification features, signal processing strategies, and verification and validation tools are also discussed. MRDD Research Reviews 2003;9:236–242. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cochlear implants in young children
Authors: Niparko John K. , Blankenhorn Rebecca 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe cochlear implant is best characterized as a device that provides access to the sound environment. The device enables the hearing pathway to respond to environmental and speech sounds, providing informational cues from the surroundings and from others that may escape visual detection. As the developmental effects of a profound hearing loss are multiple, cochlear implants have been applied to ever younger children in an attempt to promote a more normal level of developmental learning through audition. In deafness, transducer elements of the inner ear fail to trigger auditory nerve afferent nerves in the presence of sound input. However, large reserves of afferent fibers exist even in the auditory nerve of a profoundly deaf patient. Furthermore, these nerve fibers retain the ability to respond to prosthetic activation. Through developmental learning in the early, formative years, auditory centers of the brain appear capable of processing information from the implant to provide speech comprehension and oral language development. Multichannel implants have replaced original single channel designs. multichannel devices enable larger percentages of recipients to recognize the spoken word without visual cues because they provide spectral information in addition to temporal and intensity cues. Testing under conditions of auditory (implant)‐only input reveals significant open‐set speech understanding capabilities in more than 75% of children after three years of device use. The benefit provided by implants may vary with a number of conditions including: hearing history, age of deafness onset, age at implantation, etiology of deafness, linguistic abilities, and the presence of a motivated system of support of oral language development. Patient variables should be given individual consideration in judging candidacy for a cochlear implant and in planning rehabilitative and education services after surgery and activation of the device. MRDD Research Reviews 2003;9:267–275. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Variation of the relaxographic “shutter‐speed” for transcytolemmal water exchange affects the CR bolus‐tracking curve shape
Authors: Yankeelov Thomas E. , Rooney William D. , Li Xin , Springer Charles S. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractContrast reagents (CRs) may enter the tissue interstitium for a period after a vascular bolus injection. As the amount of interstitial CR increases, the longitudinal relaxographic NMR “shutter‐speed” (T–1) for the equilibrium transcytolemmal water exchange process increases. The quantity T–1 is given by |r1o[CRo] + R1o0 – R1i| (where r1o and [CRo] represent the interstitial (extracellular) CR relaxivity and concentration, respectively, and R1o0 and R1i are the extra‐ and intracellular 1H2O relaxation rate constants, respectively, in the absence of exchange). The increase of T–1 with [CRo] causes the kinetics of the water exchange equilibrium to appear to decrease. Here, analytical theory for two‐site‐exchange processes is combined with that for pharmacokinetic CR delivery, extraction, and distribution in a method termed BOLus Enhanced Relaxation Overview (BOLERO©). The shutter‐speed effect alters the shape of the bolus‐tracking (B‐T) time‐course. It is shown that this is mostly accounted for by the inclusion of only one additional parameter, which measures the mean intracellular lifetime of a water molecule. Simulated and real data demonstrate that the effect of shutter‐speed variation on pharmacokinetic parameters can be very significant: neglecting this effect can lead to an underestimation of the parameter values by 50%. This phenomenon can be heterogeneous. Within a tiny gliosarcoma implanted in the rat brain, the interstitial CR in the tumor core never rises to a level sufficient to cause apparent slowing of the exchange process. However, within the few microns needed to reach the proliferating rim, this occurs to a significant degree. Thus, even relative pharmacokinetic quantities can be incorrectly represented in a parametric map that neglects this effect. The BOLERO analysis shows promise for in vivo vascular phenotyping in pathophysiology. It also includes a provision for approximating the separation of the perfusion and permeability contributions to CR extravasation. Magn Reson Med 50:1151–1169, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Investigation of the microstructure of the isolated rat heart: A comparison between T*2‐ and diffusion‐weighted MRI
Authors: Köhler Sascha , Hiller Karl‐Heinz , Waller Christiane , Bauer Wolfgang R. , Haase Axel , Jakob Peter M. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractMyocardial fiber structure can be determined with diffusion‐weighted (DW) MRI as well as with high‐resolution T*2 imaging. The purpose of the present study was twofold: to provide a more quantitative description of T*2‐based myocardial fiber contrast, and to compare the T*2‐based fiber structure with high‐resolution (78 μm in‐plane, 1‐mm slice thickness) DW images of the isolated rat heart at 11.75 T. This study demonstrates that the static dephasing regime is responsible for visualization of myocardial microstructure, and that the dynamic dephasing regime can be neglected. In comparison with DW experiments, T*2 mapping and DW images yield almost equivalent information on myocardial fiber structure. Magn Reson Med 50:1144–1150, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Real‐time volumetric flow measurements with complex‐difference MRI
Authors: Thompson Richard B. , McVeigh Elliot R. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractBlood flow in large vessels can be noninvasively evaluated with phase‐contrast (PC) MRI by encoding the spin velocity to the image phase. Conventional phase‐difference processing of the flow‐encoded image data yields velocity images. Complex‐difference processing is an alternative to phase‐difference methods, and has the advantage of eliminating signal from stationary spins. In this study, two acquisitions with differential flow encoding are subtracted to yield a single projection that contains signal from only those spins moving in the direction of the flow‐encoding gradients. The increase in acquisition efficiency allows real‐time flow imaging with a temporal window as short as two acquisition lengths (60 ms). Validation of the complex‐difference method by comparison with conventional gated‐segmented PC‐MRI in a flow phantom yielded a correlation of r > 0.99. Peak arterial flow rates in the popliteal artery and desending aorta measured in vivo with the complex‐difference method were 0.92 ± 0.06 of the values measured with conventional PC imaging. Real‐time in vivo volumetric flow imaging of transient flow events is also presented. Magn Reson Med 50:1248–1255, 2003. Published 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.