bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Removal of Flow Instability Through the Use of Multiple Converging Gas Lift Ports (MCGLP) in Gas Lift Wells
Authors: Gunwant Deepak , Kishore Nand , Gogoi Ranjit , Devshali Sagun , Chanchalni Kuldeep Laxmanbhai , Rajak Himanshu Kumar , Meena Sunil Kumar 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Conventionally, a cylindrical channel square-edged port is used to transport the gas from the annulus to the tubing. However, insufficient gas injection, incorrect port diameter size, and gas injection rate variation generally result in unstable flow condition with such ports. To overcome these problems, multiple Converging Gas Lift Ports have been designed with an objective to stabilize the gas injection thus minimizing the fluctuation in tubing pressures. This technology has been applied in 13 gas lift wells and has resulted in a liquid production increment of approximately 80 m3/d.
The converging flow geometry of the novel gas lift valve has three directional ports which address the challenges posed by the subcritical flow regime as seen in the conventional valves. By achieving a critical flow regime with a low pressure differential, it offers a potential solution for operating more effectively in gas lift applications. Additionally, the use of Three Pressure Recording provides valuable insights into the performance and stability of the gas lift system. These advancements can be instrumental in maximizing production and addressing issues such as casing heading problems and tubing instability, especially in reservoirs with active water drive or mixed drive mechanisms.
The paper addresses the challenges faced using conventional gas lift valves and details out various benefits of the novel technology. The parent company is the pioneer in implementing this breakthrough technology in one of the highest producing onshore fields which has resulted in substantial liquid and oil gain as brought out in the paper. The technology discussed offers a promising solution for operators aiming to improve production performance and maximize the recovery of hydrocarbon resources in their fields.
Green House Gas Emission Reduction Through Process Improvement at Flaring System in Offshore Gas Production Platform in Malaysia
Authors: Koh Liang Yi , Sia Agnes Hui Bing , Mahmud Nurul Syuhada 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In supporting PETRONAS Net Zero Carbon Emissions by 2050 (NZCE 2050) goal to achieve Zero Flaring & reduce Green House Gas Emission, a Flare Improvement Study was conducted to reduce the flaring emission at Low Pressure (LP) Flare at an offshore gas platform and avoid value leakage. Root Cause Analysis (RCA) had been initiated using the Fault Tree Analysis method on high LP flaring rate & provide remediation in reducing flare rate. Several findings were identified covering all flaring sources to LP Flare System including LP Knocked Out Drum (KOD), LP Flare Line, LP Flare Tip during normal operation. The operation team investigated the root cause & found changes in flare gas composition that deviated from design. Rerouting of hot glycol vent gas into LP Flare System without being cooled down caused water condensation along flare piping while high moisture content affected flare meter accuracy.
The incomplete modification unable to cool down the 100°C vent gas to at least 50°C before entering LP KOD, which had severely threatened the integrity of LP KOD that operated above its design temperature of 65°C. Other than that, the hot stream fed into LP KOD was unable to knock out liquid before exiting to LP Flare Piping. Condensation along the piping caused rapid corrosion, resulting in LP Flare Piping Line being left with remaining thickness of 1mm (about 0.04 in) before reaching minimum allowable working thickness. From LP KOD, the glycol vent gas contained water vapor + TEG (Tri-ethylene glycol) was sent to flare system. The TEG Thermal Decomposition Temperature is &gt; 404°F or 206.5°C. When exceeded, TEG turned into organic acid & became corrosive which deteriorated flare system physical condition.
Depleted Gas Zone Isolation in Cemented Monobore via Real-Time Coiled Tubing Expandable Steel Patch
Authors: Abd Rahim Mohd Adam , Ibrahim Ahmed Fahmee , Mohd Zain Mohd Nazree , Siew Caleb Jia Lih , Khoo Alan Kwan Hou , Nguyen Thi Huong , Amsidom Amirul Adha , Rashid Ruziean , Choi Xee Yiong , Khairul Anuar Khairina , Chin Pui Ling , Le Pouezard Benjamin , Mohd Noor Ashratul Ashikin , Yong Nigel 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
An operation in Malaysia successfully implemented coiled tubing (CT) expandable steel patches to isolate upper depleted zones so that lower gas zones could be produced. This serves to prove the technique as a method that can be used in top-down gas production isolate & perforate strategy.
A bottom-up isolate & perforate gas production strategy has always been a practice in a cemented monobore with multi-zonal completions. This simple design has the benefit of enabling simple well intervention operations through the well’s production life in the wake of reserve recoveries. Typically, "plug and perf" is used to continue production from the upper zones with undeveloped/ behind casing reserves when the lower zones in the well are depleted to economic limit for them to be isolated. However, some cases require producing from top-to-bottom, which requires isolation of upper zones and perforate the lower zones. Real-time coiled tubing expandable steel patches were proposed as a solution for top-to-bottom production in a well in Malaysia, 5-½" expandable steel patches were installed with the greatest number of overlaps.
The evaluation process prior to installation started with a well information review once the subsurface objective was determined. This thorough analysis identified the new zone to replace the existing depleted zone. Next, a comprehensive study assessed the isolation method, the appropriate conveyance, and the method to be used to validate the isolation integrity. The perforation strategy was then formulated to pass through the validated isolation section.
Following the operation, lessons learned were collected and discussed. The method, results and lessons learned from the application of a real-time coiled tubing expandable steel patch represent a resource for applying the method to future wells with top-to-bottom production.
Prediction of the Maximum Horizontal Principal Stress from Breakout Data Using Generative Adversarial Networks and Backpropagation Neural Network
Authors: Wu Bisheng , Zhang Haoze , Wu Shengshen , Nie Yuanxun , Zhang Xi , Jeffrey Robert G. 
Published: October 2023

Summary
A good understanding of the magnitude and direction of in-situ stresses is very important for oil and gas exploration. The conventional wellbore breakout method directly uses information about rock strength and wellbore shape (i.e., depth and width of breakout) to predict the in-situ stresses, but it is difficult to accurately describe the relationship between the breakout shape and the in-situ stresses. This paper presents a deep learning model, combining the generative adversarial networks (GAN) and backpropagation neural network (BPNN) to predict the maximum horizontal principal stress (MHPS) from breakout data. First, a GAN is used to effectively improve the quantity and quality of training data by generating a certain number of new training data that approximate the original data. Second, the training data enhanced by the GAN are used to train the BPNN, which predicts the MHPS based on wellbore breakout geometries. The two independent modules, the GAN and BPNN, use the training data to train themselves, respectively. This dual deep learning pattern ensures that the potential relationship between the in-situ stresses and wellbore breakout shape can be found. To examine the reliability of this technique, 86 sets of laboratory data from published literature are used to train the model, and 19 sets of laboratory data from other published literature are used to test the prediction performance of the trained model. The results show that the proposed model has good accuracy with an average relative error of 4.76% when predicting the MHPS. In addition, this deep learning model combining the GAN and BPNN requires only a few seconds to run on a laptop computer, thus providing an effective and efficient tool for predicting the MHPS.
Landscape-scale Epidemiological Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 in White-tailed Deer
Authors: Hewitt Joshua , Wilson-Henjum Grete , Collins Derek , Linder Timothy , Lenoch Julianna , Heale Jonathon , Quintanal Christopher , Pleszewski Robert , McBride Dillon , Bowman Andrew , Chandler Jeffrey , Shriner Susan , Bevins Sarah , Kohler Dennis , Chipman Richard , Gosser Allen , Bergman David , DeLiberto Thomas , Pepin Kim 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Understanding pathogen emergence in new host species is fundamental for developing prevention and response plans for human and animal health. We leveraged a large-scale surveillance dataset coordinated by United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service and state natural resources agencies to quantify outbreak dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 in North American white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus; WTD) throughout its range in the United States. Local epidemics in WTD were well approximated by a single outbreak peak followed by fade out. Outbreaks peaked earliest in the northeast and mid-Atlantic. Local effective reproduction numbers of SARS-CoV-2 were between 1 and 2.5. Ten percent of variability in peak prevalence was explained by human infection pressure. This, together with the similar peak infection prevalence times across many counties and single-peak outbreak dynamics followed by fade out, suggest that widespread transmission via human-to-deer spillover may have been an important driver of the patterns and persistence. We provide a framework for inferring population-level epidemiological processes through joint analysis of many sparsely-observed local outbreaks (landscape scale surveillance data) and linking epidemiological parameters to ecological risk factors. The framework combines mechanistic and statistical models that can identify and track local outbreaks in long-term infection surveillance monitoring data.
Is Artificial Intelligence Replacing Humans in Systematic Literature Reviews? A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Queiros Luisa , Mearns Elizabeth S , McCarvil Mary Susan , Alarcão Joana , Garcia Maria João , Abògúnr̀in Ṣẹ̀yẹ 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Systematic literature reviews (SLRs) seek to answer research questions and form comprehensive, rigorous evidence-based conclusions. However, SLRs are resource-intensive. Multiple SLR applications provide artificial intelligence (AI)-as-a-service capabilities (e.g. EPPI-Reviewer, DistillerSR, Abstrackr) aimed at reducing this workload. The primary objective of our SLR was to assess whether and how researchers employ the AI component of these applications in published SLRs.
Methods
MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched in June 2021 for SLRs that utilized AI. SLRs and scoping reviews were eligible if they addressed human healthcare-related questions and reported the use of AI or AI-as-a-service applications (AIsAPP) in any step. Rayyan was used for abstract and full-text screening. Backwards citation-tracking and hand-searching were completed. Data were abstracted into Google Sheets and used to summarize key characteristics of included studies in frequency tables and figures.
Results
In the fifty-six studies included, the most frequently utilized AIsAPPs were Rayyan (n = 22) DistillerSR (n = 11) and EPPI reviewer (n = 9). Only 16 studies provided details on the automation process; thirteen used AI for semi-automation, two for full-automation, and for one study it was not clear how automation was used. Semi-automation was mainly used for screening (n = 12) and extraction (n = 2). Full automation was used for abstract screening in two studies.
Conclusions
Few SLRs reported utilizing AI in the SLR process. Contrary to recommendations in current PRISMA guidelines, details on automation steps were rarely described. Transparently reporting how AI is used during the conduct of an SLR could aid decision-makers with the adoption of such technologies as standard practice. Further research should evaluate the limitations and barriers to incorporating and reporting the use of AI as standard in SLRs.
Balance chiropractic therapy for cervical spondylotic radiculopathy: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Li Wenxiong , Chang Yaxin , Feng Qi , Cheng Yan , Yin Jichao , Sun Yindi , Yang Feng 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective. To assess the clinical effectiveness of the balance chiropractic therapy (BCT) compared with traction therapy (TT) for patients with cervical spondylotic radiculopathy.
Methods: Subjects were enrolled from four hospitals. Eligible patients will be randomized to one of the two arms: the treatment group and the control group. In the treatment group, patients received the BCT for 20 days, while patients in the control group received TT. Patients visited the physician at 1- and 3-month follow-up. The primary outcome was pain severity measured with a Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Secondary outcomes included cervical curvature measured using the Borden method, a composite of functional status measured by the Neck Disability Index (NDI), patient health status (evaluated by the SF-36 health survey) and adverse events (AEs) as reported in the trial.
Results: Of the 240 randomly assigned patients, 120 participants were assigned to the BCT and 120 to the TT. 231 (96.3%) provided follow-up data at 1 and 3 months. There were no significant differences in baseline data between the two groups (P > 0.05), indicating good comparability. According to the results, after BCT and TT treatment, the pain VAS score, cervical curvature, NDI scores and SF-36 scores of two groups was significantly improved (P < 0.05). Furthermore, at 20 days of treatment and 1 and 3 months of follow-up, the participants in the BCT group showed superior treatment outcomes on both primary and secondary measures.
Conclusion: The BCT may be a novel strategy for the treatment of the cervical spondylotic radiculopathy.
Trial registration: Clinical Trials.gov Identifier: NCT02705131. Registered on 10 March 2016, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT02705131?cond=NCT02705131&rank=1&tab=table.
The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine (No. SZFYIEC-PJ-2016[01]).
The study of whether acquired Mendelian diseases are the origin of Alzheimer’s disease from viral respiratory diseases.
Authors: Lee Jong hoon 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We must study viral RNA infection, sustained interferon response, acetylcholine excess, and developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We analyzed viral respiratory disease (VRD) (+)/(−) and dapsone (DDS) (+)/(−) groups. ANOVA calculator, logistic regression analysis, and Mann-Whitney U Test Calculator were used to examine the association of VRDs, COPD, and anti-AD drugs (AADs) with AD. A total of 107 subjects from 2005 to 2021 developed COPD. The DDS (+) AAD (-) and DDS (-) AAD (+) groups were strongly positively correlated with all COPD subjects. COPD develops into AD without dapsone, and AAD exacerbates AD through COPD. Ten AD among ninety-three non-COPD patients occurred in 2010 since the endemic. Viral infections set a direct pathway into AD directly without COPD. The endemic causes bronchitis, COPD, and AD. Acquired Mendelian up-regulation might set a direct pathway into AD as an origin.
Even- and odd-numbered fatty acids used as worker arrestant aggregation pheromone components in the Formosan subterranean termite Coptotermes formosanus
Authors: Mitaka Yuki , Matsuura Kenji , Akino Toshiharu 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Pheromones play a pivotal role in coordinating collective activities. Recent research has demonstrated that workers of the Japanese subterranean termite, Reticulitermes speratus, secrete an aggregation pheromone that induces quick assemble and prolonged stay at the pheromone source for nestmate workers, facilitating efficient dead-wood digestion and colony expansion. The question remains: do other termite species also utilize aggregation pheromones? In this study, we report that workers of the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus, use a mixture of fatty acids as part of the pheromone components to maintain worker aggregation for extended periods of time. Through bioassays and gas-chromatography mass-spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, we determined that a mixture of four fatty acids including palmitoleic acid, palmitic acid, (Z)-10-heptadecenoic acid, and stearic acid possesses arrestant activity but little or no attractant activity. Also, the inclusion of cholesterol and cuticular hydrocarbons reinforces only its arrestant activity. Further, GC-MS analysis of extracts of wood and soil, which serve as termite food, indicated that the pheromone components other than palmitic acid are not derived from their food, and GC analysis of extracts from different parts of worker’s body revealed that these components were most likely produced in the midgut and excreted to the outside of the body via the hindgut. These findings suggest that the aggregation pheromone components and their functions in C. formosanus are largely different from those in R. speratus. This research provides insights into the differences among termite species in the development of chemical signals triggering aggregation behavior.
Evaluation of impact of land use and landscape metrics on surface water quality in the Northeastern part along Lake Tanganyika, Africa
Authors: Yu Cheng , Xia Shiyu , Chen Sofia Shuang , Gao Qun , Wang Zhaode , Shen Qiushi , Kimirei Ismael Aaron 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

As the second deepest lake in Africa, Lake Tanganyika plays an important role in supplying fish protein for the catchment’s residents, and is irreplaceable in global biodiversity. However, the lake's water environment is threatened by socio-economic development and rapid population growth along the lake. This study analyzed the spatial scales effects and seasonal dependence of land use types and landscape metrics on water quality in 16 sub-basins along northeastern Lake Tanganyika at different levels of urbanization. The results revealed that land use types had a higher influence on water quality in urban areas than that in rural areas; the explanatory variance in the urban area was 0.74-0.86, while it was 0.21-0.46 in the rural area. The water quality variation was better explained by sub-watershed scale and 500 m buffer scale in urban area in rainy season and dry season, respectively, and artificial surface was the most important factor and had a negative effect on water quality. While the 500 m buffer zone had the highest explained ability in rural area, and this phenomenon was more obvious in dry season than in rainy season. We identified that CONTAG was the key landscape metric in urban area and was positively correlated with nutrient variables, indicating that water quality degraded in less fragmented and highly dispersed landscapes. The sub-watershed scale had the highest explained ability. While in rural area, the 100 m buffer scale had the highest explained ability in the rainy season and IJI had the highest explanatory variance, the contribution rate reached 78.1%, which had a negative effect on water quality. During the dry season, the sub-watershed scale had highest explanatory ability, the IJI and CONTAG had higher explanatory variance, with 40.3% and 38.9%, respectively. And IJI had a positive effect on TN and TP, CONTAG had a negative effect on TN and TP. Thus, we found that the differences in the conﬁguration of artificial surface and forest patches between different locations and areas with differing degrees of connectivity can explain the variability in stream water quality.
Chemical Cocktail: Understanding PSNP and DBP Impact on Testicular Health of Swiss albino mice
Authors: Sharma Kirti , Sharma Anju , Bhatnagar Pradeep 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

The coexposure of nanoplastic (NPs) with other pollutants adsorbed from the environment has gained significant attention in recent years. However, the combined impact of NPs and plasticizers, particularly Di-n-butyl-phthalate (DBP) and Polystyrene nanoplastic particles (PSNP), remains poorly understood. DBP is a widely used plasticizer that has become a major concern due to its pervasive environmental presence and potential endocrine-disrupting properties. This study aimed to assess the reproductive toxicity in male mice resulting from exposures to Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), Polystyrene Nanoplastic (PSNP), and their combination (DBP+PSNP). Adult male Swiss albino mice mice (n=24) were divided into four groups, each consisting of six mice. The groups included DBP (900mg/kg bw), PSNP (O.2 mg/ml, 50 nm size), DBP+PSNP (900 mg/kg bw + 0.2 mg/ml, 50 nm size), and a control group (olive oil). The animals were orally administered DBP and PSNP for 60 days, followed by the examination of their testicles and cauda epididymis examined through sperm parameters, biochemical and histological analyses. The study revealed significant decreases in sperm count, motility, viability in treated group as well as in combination group (DBP+PSNP), however sperm abnormality was found to be significantly increased in all the treated groups compared to the control group. Biochemical analysis indicated altered superoxide dismutase, glutathione, and lipid peroxidase activities in the treated groups compared to the control, indicating potential oxidative stress effects on the male reproductive system. Histological studies showed damage to the testis structure and observed rupturing of seminiferous tubule cells, tubular degeneration, intertubular edema, vacuolization, rete testis carcinoma in the exposed groups. These findings suggest that both individual and combined exposure to DBP and PSNP may adversely affect male mice reproductive abilities, with the combination group showing particularly hazardous effects. This investigation aims to shed light on the reproductive effects of these substances, individually and in combination, in male mice and contribute to the understanding of their potential reproductive toxicity. In conclusion, this research highlights the potential reproductive toxicity of DBP and PSNP in male mice and indicates that their combination may lead to exacerbated adverse effects on the reproductive system through oxidative stress and histological damage. These findings underscore the importance of further understanding the reproductive health implications of nanoplastic and plasticizers in environmental and human contexts.