bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Imaging-Selected Host Responses in the Context of Infections
Authors: Foss Catherine A , Renslo Adam R 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Recently developed molecular imaging approaches can be used to visualize specific host responses and pathology in a quest to image infections where few microbe-specific tracers have been developed and in recognition that host responses contribute to morbidity and mortality in their own right. Here we highlight several recent examples of these imaging approaches adapted for imaging infections. The early successes and new avenues described here encompass diverse imaging modalities and leverage diverse aspects of the host response to infection—including inflammation, tissue injury and healing, and key nutrients during host-pathogen interactions. Clearly, these approaches merit further preclinical and clinical study as they are complementary and orthogonal to the pathogen-focused imaging modalities currently under investigation.
Space use patterns of two large carnivores: Puma (Puma concolor) and Maned Wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus) in tropical agroecosystems
Authors: Pônzio Marcella do Carmo , Pasqualotto Nielson , Alberici Vinicius , Paolino Roberta Montanheiro , Rodrigues Thiago Ferreira , Chiarello Adriano G 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Mammalian carnivores are often vulnerable to the conversion of natural habitat. Although some species might be frequent in anthropogenic areas, it is not entirely clear how they use modified landscapes, particularly in tropical agroecosystems. Here, we investigated how Puma (Puma concolor) and Maned Wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus) used three disturbed areas in southeastern Brazil. We sampled 205 camera stations and estimated species occupancy (Ψ) and detection probabilities (p), interpreted as probability of use and frequency of use, respectively. Our models predicted that both species extensively used the study areas (model-averaged probability of use of 0.65 for pumas and 0.50 for maned wolves). Puma frequency of use was higher in stations further from human structures and areas of savanna. Maned Wolf frequency of use was lower in forest-dominated stations and in a more protected and forested study area. Puma probability of use was high in stations closer to watercourses, while Maned Wolf probability of use was higher in unpaved roads and stations farther from human structures. Our findings suggest that pumas and maned wolves may be able to adapt their use of space in agroecosystems featuring riparian corridors and unpaved roads. Nevertheless, our data also reveal possible impacts to carnivore populations in these systems, such as the degradation of riparian environments, road mortality, and human construction avoidance. Thus, some caution is warranted in considering highly modified environments as safe habitats for large carnivores, until further data on the density and vital rates of these species in agricultural-dominated areas have been quantified.
Using existing pediatric cancer data from the Gabriella Miller Kids First Data Resource Program
Authors: Hudson Alexandra , Fournier Marcia , Coulombe James , Daee Danielle 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Childhood cancer and birth defects are leading causes of childhood mortality, and studies suggest that birth defects increase pediatric cancer risk. The Gabriella Miller Kids First Pediatric Research Program (Kids First) seeks to alleviate these conditions by building an expansive resource of genetic and clinical data from patients with pediatric cancer and birth defects and their families. This article describes the data and support provided by the Kids First Data Resource Center and the Kids First Data Resource Center Data Resource Portal, which enables the public to review Kids First studies and request access to individual data. The Kids First Portal contains data from more than 34 000 participants and connects with CAVATICA (Seven Bridges Genomics, Inc, now part of Velsera), a cloud-based analysis and sharing platform. Researchers have used Kids First data to investigate a variety of cancers and further funding opportunities are available. The Kids First Portal is a unique resource that unites pediatric cancer and birth defects to uncover their genetic etiology and improve patients’ lives.
Administrative Burden in Citizen–State Interactions: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Halling Aske , Baekgaard Martin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBased on a systematic review of 119 articles and working papers, we provide an overview of how administrative burdens in citizen–state interactions have been studied since the inception of the research agenda in 2012. We develop a new and comprehensive model of how key concepts in the framework are related, assess the evidence of the causal relationships proposed by the model, and discuss where more evidence is needed. Empirical research supports conventional claims that burdens are consequential, distributive, and constructed. However, the literature has moved further by (1) demonstrating that factors such as frontline service delivery and government communication influence experiences of burdens; (2) highlighting how factors beyond ideology influence constructions of burdens; (3) introducing the burden tolerance concept; (4) illustrating that experiences of burden influence policymakers’ and members of the publics’ burden tolerance. Based on the review, we propose an agenda for future administrative burden research. We call for studies linking experiences of burden to outcomes such as democratic behavior and take-up, and for studies connecting policymakers’ burden tolerance to actual state actions. Moreover, we argue that future studies should use qualitative methods to further explore the nature of burdens from the perspective of citizens, rely on experimental methods to establish causal links between state actions and experiences of burden, and compare burdens across contexts. Further, empirical studies should examine the tradeoffs between legitimacy and experiences of burden, and how actors outside the citizen–state interaction may influence experiences of administrative burden.
Genomic Analysis of Group B Streptococcus Carriage Isolates From Botswana Reveals Distinct Local Epidemiology and Identifies Novel Strains
Authors: Hanze Villavicencio Karen L , Job Megan J , Burghard Anne Claire , Taffet Allison , Banda Francis M , Vurayai Moses , Mokomane Margaret , Arscott-Mills Tonya , Mazhani Tiny , Nchingane Seeletso , Thomas Brady , Steenhoff Andrew P , Ratner Adam J 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In pregnant people colonized with group B Streptococcus (GBS) in Botswana, we report the presence/expansion of sequence types 223 and 109, a low rate of erythromycin resistance, and 3 novel sequence types. These data highlight the importance of local epidemiologic studies of GBS, a significant source of neonatal disease.
Derivation of expressions for interdiffusion and intrinsic diffusion flux in presence of chemical potential gradient in a multicomponent system with composition dependent molar volume
Authors: Kulkarni Kaustubh N 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
It has been generally accepted and often mentioned in the text books that gradient in chemical potential of a species is the fundamental driving force for its diffusion. However, a general derivation of the interrelation between the diffusion flux of a component and chemical potential gradients in a non-ideal solution is lacking. Although there have been various studies in the literature reporting such interrelations for a binary system, they all assume constant molar volume. In a non-ideal system though molar volume changes with composition. Hence, in the present work, kinetic theory is used to derive a relation between diffusion flux and the chemical potential gradients for a multicomponent system with composition dependent molar volume. It is shown that the velocity of the marker as measured in a diffusion couple experiment should consist of the drift velocity (UN) due to change in molar volume accompanied by diffusion as well as the Kirkendall velocity caused by vacancy equilibration process. For the assumption of volume change occurring only in the direction of diffusion, the Kirkendall velocity is same as the marker velocity measured in a diffusion couple. However, if the lattice is allowed to relax in all directions, the contribution of UN to the marker velocity can be significant. This is shown to be as high as 20% for Cu in a Cu-Ni diffusion couple.
Impacts of sample storage time on estimates of phytoplankton abundance: how long is too long?
Authors: Nogueira Patricia , Barbosa Ana B , Domingues Rita B 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Phytoplankton play a key role in marine ecosystems, making the accurate quantification of functional groups/species, using standardized microscopy techniques, essential in many research efforts. In this study we aimed to evaluate the effects of (a) storage time on the abundance of microphytoplankton in samples fixed with acid Lugol’s solution; (b) storage time on the abundance of pico- and nanophytoplankton in frozen microscopy slides; (c) storage time on the abundance of pico- and nanophytoplankton in fixed refrigerated samples and (d) storage protocol (refrigerated versus frozen) on the abundance of pico- and nanophytoplankton. Microphytoplankton were analyzed using inverted microscopy, and pico- and nanophytoplankton using epifluorescence microscopy. Results indicate storage time negatively impacted the abundances of all phytoplankton size classes; however, effects were group-specific. For accurate abundance estimates, we suggest that samples fixed with acid Lugol’s should be analyzed within 30 and 180 days, for dinoflagellates/total microphytoplankton and diatoms, respectively. For picoeukaryotes, glutaraldehyde fixed samples should be kept refrigerated for up to 4 days, and slides should be prepared immediately before observation. It is recommended that authors specify the exact lag times between sample collection, fixation and analysis, to allow the comparability of phytoplankton datasets across different studies and/or monitoring programs.
PGR5-LIKE PHOTOSYNTHETIC PHENOTYPE1A redox states alleviate photoinhibition during changes in light intensity
Authors: Chaturvedi Amit Kumar , Dym Orly , Levin Yishai , Fluhr Robert 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Plants have evolved photosynthetic regulatory mechanisms to maintain homeostasis in response to light changes during diurnal transitions and those caused by passing clouds or by wind. One such adaptation directs photosynthetic electron flow to a cyclic pathway to alleviate excess energy surges. Here, we assign a function to regulatory cysteines of PGR5-like protein 1A (PGRL1A), a constituent of the PROTON GRADIENT REGULATION5 (PGR5)-dependent cyclic electron flow (CEF) pathway. During step increases from darkness to low light intensity in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), the intermolecular disulfide of the PGRL1A 59-kDa complex was reduced transiently within seconds to the 28-kDa form. In contrast, step increases from darkness to high light stimulated a stable, partially reduced redox state in PGRL1A. Mutations of 2 cysteines in PGRL1A, Cys82 and Cys183, resulted in a constitutively pseudo-reduced state. The mutant displayed higher proton motive force (PMF) and nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) than the wild type (WT) and showed altered donor and acceptor dynamic flow around PSI. These changes were found to correspond with the redox state of PGRL1A. Continuous light regimes did not affect mutant growth compared to the WT. However, under fluctuating regimes of high light, the mutant showed better growth than the WT. In contrast, in fluctuating regimes of low light, the mutant displayed a growth penalty that can be attributed to constant stimulation of CEF under low light. Treatment with photosynthetic inhibitors indicated that PGRL1A redox state control depends on the penultimate Fd redox state. Our results showed that redox state changes in PGRL1A are crucial to optimize photosynthesis.
Social and built neighborhood environments and sleep health: The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos Community and Surrounding Areas and Sueño Ancillary Studies
Authors: Savin Kimberly L , Carlson Jordan A , Patel Sanjay R , Jankowska Marta M , Allison Matthew A , Sotres-Alvarez Daniela , Sallis James F , Talavera Gregory A , Roesch Scott C , Malcarne Vanessa L , Larsen Britta , Rutledge Thomas , Gallo Linda C 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Study Objectives
To test associations between neighborhood social, built, and ambient environment characteristics and multidimensional sleep health in Hispanic/Latino adults.

Methods
Data were from San Diego-based Hispanic/Latino adults mostly of Mexican heritage enrolled in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (N = 342). Home addresses were geocoded to ascertain neighborhood characteristics of greenness, walkability (density of intersections, retail spaces, and residences), socioeconomic deprivation (e.g. lower income, lower education), social disorder (e.g. vacant buildings, crime), traffic density, and air pollution (PM 2.5) in the Study of Latinos Communities and Surrounding Areas Study. Sleep dimensions of regularity, satisfaction, alertness, timing, efficiency, and duration were measured by self-report or actigraphy approximately 2 years later. Multivariable regression models accounting for study design (stratification and clustering) were used to examine associations of neighborhood variables with individual sleep dimensions and a multidimensional sleep health composite score.

Results
Neighborhood characteristics were not significantly associated with the multidimensional sleep health composite, and there were few significant associations with individual sleep dimensions. Greater levels of air pollution (B = 9.03, 95% CI: 1.16, 16.91) were associated with later sleep midpoint, while greater social disorder (B = −6.90, 95% CI: −13.12, −0.67) was associated with earlier sleep midpoint. Lower walkability was associated with more wake after sleep onset (B = −3.58, 95% CI: −7.07, −0.09).

Conclusions
Living in neighborhoods with lower walkability and greater air pollution was associated with worse sleep health, but otherwise findings were largely null. Future research should test these hypotheses in settings with greater variability and investigate mechanisms of these associations.
Polyphenols as a partial replacement for vitamin E in nursery pig diets
Authors: Rao Zhong-Xing , Tokach Mike D , Woodworth Jason C , DeRouchey Joel M , Goodband Robert D , Shah Apoorva S , Foley Brandon H , Kjeldsen Karsten C , Brunsgaard Grete , Gebhardt Jordan T 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA total of 300 pigs (241 × 600; DNA, Columbus, NE; initially 6.0 ± 0.01 kg) were used in a 42-d trial to determine the effects of vitamin E levels and partially replacing vitamin E with a polyphenol (Cabanin CSD, R2 Argo, Denmark) on growth performance, complete blood count, serum thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and cytokine panel. Sixty pens of pigs were weighed and allotted to one of the five dietary treatments in a completely randomized design with 12 pens per treatment. A control treatment was formulated to provide 15 IU/kg of vitamin E equivalence from vitamin E. This control treatment was then used as a base for three replacement strategy diets to determine the effects of replacing an additional 60 IU/kg of vitamin E with polyphenol in diets containing a basal level of vitamin E requirement estimate (15 IU/kg). First, an additional 60 IU/kg of vitamin E was added for a total of 75 IU/kg of vitamin E equivalence. Second, 50% of the additional vitamin E (30 IU/kg) was replaced with the equivalency of polyphenol. Third, all 60 IU/kg of the additional vitamin E was replaced with the equivalency of polyphenol. To evaluate whether there are negative effects of feeding nursery pigs a high level of polyphenol, a fifth treatment was formulated to provide 575 IU/kg of vitamin E equivalence with 75 IU/kg from vitamin E and 500 IU/kg from polyphenol. Whole blood and serum samples were collected on days 10 and 42, and pig weights and feed disappearance were measured on days 10, 21, 31, 38, and 42. For growth performance, increasing vitamin E equivalence tended to improve (quadratic, P &lt; 0.10) gain-to-feed ratio (G:F) from days 10 to 21, and tended to improve (linear, P &lt; 0.10) G:F from days 21 to 42 and 0 to 42. There was a vitamin E equivalence × day interaction (P = 0.050) for serum SOD activity. Increasing vitamin E equivalence increased (linear, P &lt; 0.05) serum SOD activity on day 42 but not on days 10 (P &gt; 0.10). For serum cytokines, there was no evidence of differences (P &gt; 0.10) between treatments and vitamin E equivalence. Moreover, there was no evidence of differences (P &gt; 0.10) in all response variables between the three replacement strategies throughout the entire periods. In summary, increasing vitamin E equivalence tended to improve G:F, which may be related to the improved SOD activity. Furthermore, polyphenol can effectively replace vitamin E provided above the vitamin E requirement to provide similar benefits from increasing vitamin E equivalence.
The involvement of hepatic cytochrome P450s in the cytotoxicity of lapatinib
Authors: Chen Si , Li Xilin , Li Yuxi , He Xiaobo , Bryant Matthew , Qin Xuan , Li Feng , Seo Ji-Eun , Guo Xiaoqing , Mei Nan , Guo Lei 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Lapatinib, an oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor used as a first-line treatment for HER2-positive breast cancer, has been reported to be associated with hepatotoxicity; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we report that lapatinib causes cytotoxicity in multiple types of hepatic cells, including primary human hepatocytes, HepaRG cells, and HepG2 cells. A 24-h treatment with lapatinib induced cell cycle disturbances, apoptosis, and DNA damage, and decreased the protein levels of topoisomerase in HepG2 cells. We investigated the role of cytochrome P450 (CYP)-mediated metabolism in lapatinib-induced cytotoxicity using our previously established HepG2 cell lines, which express each of 14 CYPs (1A1, 1A2, 1B1, 2A6, 2B6, 2C8, 2C9, 2C18, 2C19, 2D6, 2E1, 3A4, 3A5, and 3A7). We demonstrate that lapatinib is metabolized by CYP1A1, 3A4, 3A5, and 3A7. Among these, lapatinib-induced cytotoxicity and DNA damage were attenuated in cells overexpressing CYP3A5 or 3A7. Additionally, we measured the production of three primary metabolites of lapatinib (O-dealkylated lapatinib, N-dealkylated lapatinib, and N-hydroxy lapatinib) in CYP1A1-, 3A4-, 3A5-, and 3A7-overexpressing HepG2 cells. We compared the cytotoxicity of lapatinib and its 3 metabolites in primary human hepatocytes, HepaRG cells, and HepG2 cells and demonstrated that N-dealkylated lapatinib is more toxic than the parent drug and the other metabolites. Taken together, our results indicate that lapatinib-induced cytotoxicity involves multiple mechanisms, such as apoptosis and DNA damage; that N-dealkylated lapatinib is a toxic metabolite contributing to the toxic effect of lapatinib; and that CYP3A5- and 3A7-mediated metabolism plays a role in attenuating the cytotoxicity of lapatinib.
A Preliminary Study of Executive Functioning in Preterm-Born Children
Authors: Gillenson Caroline J. , Bagner Daniel M. , Darcy Mahoney Ashley , Baralt Melissa 
Published: October 2023

Background:
Preterm-born children are at increased risk for deficits in executive function (EF). EF is a set of cognitive processes including inhibition, attention, memory, and decision-making, among others. Bilingualism, operationalized as productive capacity in 2 languages (ie, English and Spanish), may enhance EF in children born preterm and in term-born children.

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of bilingualism on executive functioning in bilingual and monolingual preterm and term-born children using a robust measure of bilingualism.

Methods:
This study examined the impact of bilingualism on EF in 17 monolingual or bilingual preterm-born children, aged 6 to 7. The preterm-born sample was also compared with a normed, term-born sample of 38 monolingual, typically developing 6- to 7-year-olds.

Results:
On the Creature Counting task of EF, bilingual preterm-born children performed with more accuracy and total switches than monolingual preterm-born children. There was no difference in accuracy between the term-born and entire preterm-born samples. The bilingual, preterm-born children performed more accurately than the term-born sample.

Implications for Practice and Research:
This preliminarily suggests bilingualism confers an advantage to preterm-born children's EF. Further research is needed on bilingual advantage of preterm-born children.
Lateral Pelvic Nodal Management and Patterns of Failure in Patients Receiving Short-Course Radiation for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer
Authors: Hassanzadeh Comron , Mirza Kasim , Kalaghci Bita , Fallahian Fedra , Chin Re-I , Roy Amit , Stowe Hayley , Low Gregory , Pedersen Katrina , Wise Paul , Glasgow Sean , Roach Michael , Henke Lauren , Badiyan Shahed , Mutch Matthew , Kim Hyun 
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND:
Management of lateral pelvic lymph nodes in locally advanced rectal cancer is controversial, with limited data indicating the optimal approach. Additionally, no data exists regarding treatment of lateral nodes in the setting of short course radiation and nonoperative intent.

OBJECTIVE:
We evaluate a novel approach incorporating simultaneous integrated boost to suspicious lateral nodes.

DESIGN:
This was a retrospective study.

SETTING:
This study was conducted at a large, tertiary referral center.

PATIENTS:
Patients treated with radiation and consolidation chemotherapy were included. All primary tumors were biopsy confirmed and disease-staged with pelvic magnetic resonance imaging.

INTERVENTIONS:
Primary tumors were biopsy proven and staged with pelvic magnetic resonance imaging. A subset of lateral pelvic lymph nodes patients received simultaneous integrated boost to 35 Gy in 5 fractions. Then, chemotherapy was administered with the majority receiving mFOLFOX (modified folinic acid, fluorouracil, and oxaliplatin). Clinical partial response required total mesorectal excision.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
Patterns of failure and survival analyses by subgroup were assessed. Outcomes based on receipt of radiation were compared across node status.

RESULTS:
Between January 2017 – January 2022, 155 patients were treated with short course and chemotherapy with 121 included in final analysis. Forty-nine percent underwent nonoperative management. Median follow-up was 36 months and median age was 58 years. Thirty-eight patients (26%) had positive lateral pelvic lymph nodes. Comparing lateral node status, progression-free survival was significantly worse for patients with positive disease (p < 0.001) with a trend for worse overall survival. Receipt of nodal boost in patients with lateral nodes resulted in meaningful locoregional control. Nodal boost did not contribute to additional acute or late GI toxicity.

LIMITATIONS:
Limitations included retrospective nature and lack of lateral nodes pathology; however, thorough radiographic review was performed.

CONCLUSIONS:
Lateral node positive rectal cancer is correlated with worse oncologic outcomes and higher locoregional failure. Boost to clinically positive lateral nodes is a safe approach in the setting of short course and in those receiving nonoperative intent.