bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Collecting Product Design Data: Examining the Applicability of Utilizing Gaze Data to Obtain Customer Feedback on Product Designs
Authors: Vrampas George , Kado Corey , Yang Xiaoou , Kames Elisabeth , Morkos Beshoy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Studies have shown gaze path data to be helpful in gaining consumer feedback. This study examines the applicability of utilizing eye tracking in collecting consumer preference data on a product’s design. During the study, the subjects are asked to indicate their preferences textually and verbally; concurrently, eye-tracking software collects gaze data from the test subjects. Both datasets are compared for correlation. The robustness of the study is tested against three variables: (1) product type; (2) design fidelity; and (3) product features. The study determines whether gaze data can be applied to a range of different products. The specific sample products used are cars, cellular phones, and microwaves. This tests viability when applied to a variety of products. The study also investigates preference data on various design fidelities: a sketch generated early in the design process (low fidelity), a drawing at an intermediate stage in the process (medium fidelity), or a picture/rendering of the final product (high fidelity). The last variable in the study examines the impact of the number of features that could be altered on each of the products. Due to the diversity of the product set, many features can be changed and analyzed. By comparing the preference data to the gaze data collected for these variables, we find that all product types can be examined; however, it is important to note that lower interest products presented as sketches (lower fidelity) with two changed features most accurately predicted preferences data of consumers.
Bistable Dynamics and Locomotion Performance Enhancement of a Multi-Module Vibration-Driven Robot
Authors: Zhao Yuyang , Fang Hongbin , Xu Jian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Vibration-driven locomotion systems can be used to design microrobots, and improving locomotion performance has been one of the research focuses. Integrating the bistability and the vibration-driven mechanism to enhance the locomotion performance of the robot is investigated in this paper. A three-module vibration-driven locomotion robot connected by two bistable pre-buckling beams is designed and modeled as a nonlinear lumped-mass system. Due to the discontinuity caused by the dry friction, numerical approaches are employed in this research, which not only reveals the effects of the actuation parameters on the bistable dynamics and the steady-state locomotion of the robot, but also uncovers the unique merits that the bistability brings to the robot. On the one hand, results reveal that the robot exhibits different locomotion modes corresponding to different levels of the average steady-state velocity. By changing the initial conditions of the system, the robot can fast-switching between different locomotion modes. On the other hand, the robot can adapt to variable payloads and maintain effective locomotion, which is an advantage that traditional linear systems do not have. The findings of this paper would provide a design basis and useful guidelines for the development of bistable vibration-driven locomotion robots, which will advance the state of the art.
Counterfactuals for Design: A Model-Agnostic Method for Design Recommendations
Authors: Regenwetter Lyle , Abu Obaideh Yazan , Ahmed Faez 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We introduce Multi-Objective Counter/actuals for Design (MCD), a novel method for counterfactual optimization in design problems. Counterfactuals are hypothetical situations that can lead to a different decision or choice. In this paper, the authors frame the counterfactual search problem as a design recommendation tool that can help identify modifications to a design, leading to better functional performance. MCD improves upon existing counterfactual search methods by supporting multi-objective queries, which are crucial in design problems, and by decoupling the counterfactual search and sampling processes, thus enhancing efficiency and facilitating objective tradeoff visualization. The paper demonstrates MCD’s core functionality using a two-dimensional test case, followed by three case studies of bicycle design that showcase MCD’s effectiveness in real-world design problems. In the first case study, MCD excels at recommending modifications to query designs that can significantly enhance functional performance, such as weight savings and improvements to the structural safety factor. The second case study demonstrates that MCD can work with a pre-trained language model to suggest design changes based on a subjective text prompt effectively. Lastly, the authors task MCD with increasing a query design’s similarity to a target image and text prompt while simultaneously reducing weight and improving structural performance, demonstrating MCD’s performance on a complex multimodal query. Overall, MCD has the potential to provide valuable recommendations for practitioners and design automation researchers looking for answers to their “What if” questions by exploring hypothetical design modifications and their impact on multiple design objectives.
Framing Wicked Problems Through Evidentiary and Interpretative Analysis
Authors: Bhalerao Mayank J. , Honeycutt Wesley T. , Das Ashok K. , Allen Janet K. , Mistree Farrokh 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Wicked problems are characterized by incomplete and conflicting information. To frame a wicked problem, it is necessary to analyze the interaction between variables and thence identify a reduced set of variables that are key to designing a socio-economic-technical system.
In this paper we propose using a combination of interpretative and evidentiary analysis through the application of Dilemma Triangle Method and System Dynamics, respectively. We propose a computational framework that allows a designer to convert heuristics into insights by using System Dynamics modelling, thus allowing a designer to analyze the interaction between variables. Further, our framework is based on the notion of involving human-in-the-loop, wherein wicked problems are framed through synergistic actions between a human and a computer. The benefits of using this framework are
• Converting heuristics into insights,
• Understanding the interaction between variables by analyzing the behavior of the system,
• Identifying the correct size of the problem by eliminating the variables that cannot be used to design a socio-economic-technical system.
To demonstrate the efficacy of the framework we use data pertaining to Kantashol village in Jharkhand, India. The data was provided by SunMoksha Power Pvt. Ltd. Our focus in this paper is on describing the framework rather than the results on the ground in India.
Dynamic Modeling of a Piezo-Driven Fast Tool Servo System With Coupling of Cutting Load
Authors: Zhang Yue , Liu Pengbo , Guo Jiashuai , Lu Shuaishuai 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Fast tool servo (FTS) diamond turning is a promising method for ultra-precision machining, because of the fast oscillation of the FTS, optical devices with complex shapes can be fabricated with ultra-precision. Form accuracy during fast tool servo diamond turning is a critical issue in the manufacture of optical components. Considering the dynamic oscillation of the tool, the dynamic performance of the servo is crucial for the quality of the shape produced by the servo cutting. Although much research has been done on static errors, little attention has been paid to the effect of servo dynamic errors on surface quality. In this study, a 3D bridge-type enlarged fast tool servo (FTS) mechanism dynamics model was designed to predict the dynamic performance of real machining. First, the kinematics of the mechanism are analyzed, and then the Lagrange kinetic equations are used to dynamically model the designed model, comparison with finite element analysis by mathematical modeling, the model is able to predict the relationship between input voltage and output displacement under different load conditions during machining. The relationship between input voltage and output displacement is simulated by finite element method under the same input voltage and different load, which verifies the rationality of the designed dynamic model.
Towards Fatigue-Tolerant Design of Additively Manufactured Metamaterials
Authors: Apetre Nicole A. , Arcari Attilio , Michopoulos John G. , Rodriguez Steven N. , Iliopoulos Athanasios P. , Steuben John C. , Graber Benjamin D. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The advent of additive manufacturing (AM) has enabled the prototyping of periodic and non-periodic metamaterials (a.k.a. lattice or cellular structures) that could be deployed in a variety of engineering applications where certain combinations of performance features are desirable. For example, these structures could be used in a variety of naval engineering applications where light-weight, large surface area, energy absorption, heat dissipation, and acoustic bandgaps are critical. Furthermore, combining the multifunctional design optimization of these structures with progressive degradation due to cyclic fatigue would create attritable systems with tailorable performances not yet in reach by current conventional systems. Nevertheless, in order to deploy these complex geometry structures their multiphysics response has to be well understood and characterized. The objective of the current effort is to describe an initial approach for designing a uniaxial fatigue specimen as the first step toward the design of a multiaxial fatigue test coupon. In order to compare bending- and stretching-dominated structures, two strut-based lattices made of Ti-6Al-4V alloy consisting of the octet and tetrakaidecahedron (or Kelvin) cells are examined. The specimens are designed to fail in the central gauge area where edge effects are minimized. Finite element results of the relevant structural mechanics are used to compare the performance of the four geometries and to evaluate the effect of relative density on fatigue life.
Full-length sequence analysis of hepatitis C virus genotype 3b strains and development of an
in vivo
infectious 3b cDNA clone
Authors: Bajpai Priyanka Shukla , Collignon Laura , Sølund Christina , Madsen Lone Wulff , Christensen Peer Brehm , Øvrehus Anne , Weis Nina , Holmbeck Kenn , Fahnøe Ulrik , Bukh Jens 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT

Worldwide, genotype 3 is the second most prevalent major variant among patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and the most difficult to treat with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs). Further, subtype 3b, which is highly prevalent in Southeast Asia with increasing transmission in high-risk populations, carries paired NS5A resistance-associated substitutions (RAS), NS5A-A30K+L31M, conferring resistance to DAA therapy and lowering cure rates with pan-genotypic regimens. However, no complete genomic sequence or infectious clone exists for HCV genotype 3b. We determined the entire genome sequences, including 5′ and 3′ termini, of HCV genotype 3b isolates from three treatment naïve chronic hepatitis C patients, and by clonal analysis of the entire coding sequence demonstrated heterogeneous genome population compositions all carrying RAS A30K+L31M in NS5A. We generated a full-length HCV genotype 3b cDNA clone (pODN) and transfected Huh7.5 and Huh-Lunet/SEC14L2 cells with derived RNA transcripts without detecting HCV antigens by immunofluorescence staining. In contrast, intrahepatic transfection with RNA transcripts from pODN, and subsequent virus passages, in human-liver chimeric mice resulted in robust infection with serum HCV RNA titers of up to 7.9 log
10
genome equivalents/mL. Consensus HCV sequences of virus recovered from the transfected mouse contained no coding mutations exceeding 5% frequency, and sequences from the passage-infected mice likewise had no consensus changes. Thus, we developed the first HCV genotype 3b full-length cDNA clone which by its infectivity and genetic stability in human-liver chimeric mice proved functionality, and potential utility in future development of infectious cell culture systems needed for this DAA treatment-resistant subtype.

IMPORTANCE

HCV genotype 3b is a difficult-to-treat subtype, associated with accelerated progression of liver disease and resistance to antivirals. Moreover, its prevalence has significantly increased among persons who inject drugs posing a serious risk of transmission in the general population. Thus, more genetic information and antiviral testing systems are required to develop novel therapeutic options for this genotype 3 subtype. We determined the complete genomic sequence and complexity of three genotype 3b isolates, which will be beneficial to study its biology and evolution. Furthermore, we developed a full-length
in vivo
infectious cDNA clone of genotype 3b and showed its robustness and genetic stability in human-liver chimeric mice. This is, to our knowledge the first reported infectious cDNA clone of HCV genotype 3b and will provide a valuable tool to evaluate antivirals and neutralizing antibodies
in vivo
, as well as in the development of infectious cell culture systems required for further research.
Whole-genome sequencing and comparative genomics reveal the potential pathogenic mechanism of
Neoscytalidium dimidiatum
on pitaya
Authors: Wang Meng , Xu Min , Wang Zhouwen , Ding Yi , Kang Shaoling , Jiang Senrong , Wei Shuangshuang , Xie Jun , Huang Jiaquan , Li Dongdong , Hu Wenbin , Li Hongli , Jiang Xingyu , Tang Hua 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT

Neoscytalidium dimidiatum
(class
Dothideomycetes
) is a fungus responsible for canker disease in pitaya stems and fruits, leading to significant economic losses. However, little is known about the pathogenesis, family evolution, and genetic variants of this species. In this study, we report a high-quality genome sequence of
N. dimidiatum
based on the Nanopore sequencing technology platform for sequencing and Hi-C assembly technology for genome assembly. The genome contains 12 chromosomes (2
n
= 2× = 12; diploid), with a sequencing depth of 186.1×, encoding 12,349 proteins. Molecular phylogenetic analysis showed that
N. dimidiatum
is evolutionarily close to
Botryosphaeria dothidea
. Compared to other fungi, the
N. dimidiatum
genome contains many carbohydrate-active enzymes and secondary metabolites. Additionally, we predict that
N. dimidiatum
contains 121 candidate effectors that may play important roles in infection and colonization, promoting pathogenicity in pitaya. Nine of these effectors were confirmed to contain signal peptides and inhibit BAX/INF1-induced necrosis in
Nicotiana benthamiana
, demonstrating their importance during infection. Finally, we also confirm that
N. dimidiatum
does not form an appressorium or infection thread but instead infects pitaya via open stomata. In conclusion, the results provide a foundation for future research on
N. dimidiatum
and the control of pitaya canker.

IMPORTANCE

Pitaya canker is a significant disease in the pitaya industry in China, causing significant economic losses. Therefore, systematic research on
Neoscytalidium dimidiatum
, the fungus implicated in pitaya canker, is essential for comprehending the pathogenesis of this disease and developing effective control strategies. We applied comparative genomics to reveal the genetic evolution, metabolic diversity, environmental adaptation, and pathogenicity of
N. dimidiatum
, providing ideal targets for studies of pathogenesis and molecular targets for fungicide development. Moreover, the systematic study of the
N. dimidiatum
growth cycle, morphological characteristics, and molecular phylogenetic analysis can promote a comprehensive understanding of its genetic basis.
Evaluating the uptake and effect of Surgical Safety Checklist implementation in a rural hospital, Neno District, Malawi
Authors: Kapira Sitalire , Aron Moses Banda , Mphande Isaac , Chonongera George , Khongo Brown David , Zaniku Haules Robbins , Mkandawire Salome , Nkhoma Wiseman , Tengatenga Listern , Munyaneza Fabien , Kachimanga Chiyembekezo 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundThe WHO introduced the Surgical Safety Checklist (SSC) in 2008, which has been proven to enhance collaboration and patient safety before, during and after surgical procedures. However, the impact of using SSC has not been assessed in a rural setting in Malawi. We aimed to evaluate the uptake of SSC in Neno District, Malawi.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional hospital-based retrospective chart review of 468 surgical cases from July 2021 to March 2022 in two hospitals in Neno District. We collected data using Excel and used R software for analysis. We used descriptive statistics to characterise the surgeries. We used χ2test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test to test the association between SSC use and independent variables. We fitted logistic regression to assess predictors of SSC use and complications.ResultsOf 468 surgical cases, 92% (n=431) were done as emergency procedures. The median age was 23 years (IQR: 19–29) and 94% (n=439) were female. Overall, 38% of surgeries (n=176) used the SSC and of these, 98% were in emergency procedures. We found an association between the use of SSC and the age of the client (p=0.018), type of procedure, name of the procedure, healthcare worker cadre, time procedure performed and complications (p<0.001). However, no association was observed between SSC use and outcome (p>0.05). The odds of using SSC were higher in emergency surgeries, surgeries performed at night; however, they were lower among temporary employees and anaesthetists with a diploma (p<0.001). The odds of experiencing complications were 1.71 times greater when using SSC compared with surgeries without SSC (p=0.029).ConclusionsThe use of an SSC in a rural area was promising, despite its fluctuating use and this needs programme improvement. Further studies are highly recommended to understand the fluctuation in the use of the SSC.
Effects of zero-dose vaccination status in early childhood and level of community socioeconomic development on learning attainment in preadolescence in India: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Johri Mira , Ng Edmond SW , Sharkey Alyssa , Bosson-Rieutort Delphine , Kone Georges K , Subramanian S V 
Published: November 2023

Introduction‘Zero-dose’ children (infants who fail to receive the first dose of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis-containing vaccine) face substantial adversity in early childhood and may be at risk of failure to thrive. To inform a new global policy, we studied the relationship between zero-dose vaccination status in early childhood and learning attainment in preadolescence, and considered whether community socioeconomic development moderated these relationships.MethodsWe constructed a population cohort from the 2019 India Human Development Survey panel dataset to study the comparative performance of zero-dose versus vaccinated children identified in wave I (2004–2005) on basic learning tests at ages 8–11 in wave II (2011–2012). The outcome was a sum of reading, writing and math scores ranging from 0 (no knowledge) to 8. We fit three linear regression models examining whether child zero-dose status predicts learning attainment: a crude model, a main effects model including all prespecified covariates, and a model including an interaction between child zero-dose status and community development level.ResultsThe analytic sample included 3781 children from 3781 households in 1699 communities, representing 18.2 million children. Predicted learning attainment scores for zero-dose children were lower than those for vaccinated children by −1.698 (95% CI −2.02 to −1.37; p<0.001) points (crude model) and −0.477 (95% CI −0.78 to −0.18; p<0.001) points (adjusted for all prespecified covariates). We found strong evidence of effect modification. The model including all prespecified correlates and an interaction predicted no effect of child zero-dose status in urban areas (p=0.830) or more developed rural villages (p=0.279), but an important effect in the least developed rural villages, where zero-dose children were expected to have test scores −0.750 (95% CI −1.15 to −0.344; p<0.001) points lower than vaccinated children.ConclusionZero-dose children living in contexts of very low socioeconomic development are at elevated risk of poor learning attainment in preadolescence.
Phase 1 first-in-human dose-escalation study of ANV419 in patients with relapsed/refractory advanced solid tumors
Authors: Joerger Markus , Calvo Emiliano , Laubli Heinz , Lopez Juanita , Alonso Guzmán , Corral de la Fuente Elena , Hess Dagmar , König David , Sanchez Perez Vicky , Bucher Christoph , Jethwa Sangeeta , Garralda Elena 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundANV419 is a stable antibody–cytokine fusion protein consisting of interleukin-2 (IL-2) fused to an anti-IL-2 monoclonal antibody that sterically hinders binding of IL-2 to the α subunit of its receptor but has selective affinity for the receptor βγ subunits. Thus, ANV419 preferentially stimulates CD8+effector T cells and natural killer cells which are associated with tumor killing, while minimizing the activation of immunosuppressive regulatory T cells.MethodsANV419-001 is an open-label, multicenter, phase 1 study to evaluate the safety, tolerability, maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) of ANV419. Secondary objectives were to characterize the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and tumor response. Adult patients with advanced solid tumors and disease progression after ≥1 previous line of systemic therapy were enrolled. ANV419 was administered by intravenous infusion once every 2 weeks, with a planned treatment duration of 12 months. The dose escalation part of the study explored doses 3, 6 and 12 µg/kg as single patient cohorts followed by 24–364 µg/kg in a 3+3 design. Interim results are reported here (data cut-off: March 22, 2023).ResultsForty patients were enrolled and received at least one dose of ANV419. The MTD and RP2D were determined to be 243 µg/kg. The most common ANV419-related treatment-emergent adverse events were Grade 1 and 2 fever (31 (77.5%)), chills (23 (57.5%), vomiting (14 (35.0%)), cytokine release syndrome and nausea (12 (30.0%) each). Transient and self-limiting lymphopenia due to lymphocyte redistribution was observed in all patients. In the RP2D cohort, Grade ≥3 thrombocytopenia and fever were reported by one patient (12.5%) each. All events were manageable with standard supportive care. At doses of 243 µg/kg (RP2D/MTD), the estimated T1/2was approximately 12 hours. At ANV419 doses ≥108 µg/kg, 64% of patients had a best response of at least SD (15 SD and 1 confirmed PR).ConclusionsANV419 at doses up to 243 µg/kg (the RP2D) was well tolerated and showed signs of antitumor activity in a heavily pretreated patient population with advanced solid tumors.Trial registration numberNCT04855929.