bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic bivariate hazard forecasting of hurricanes for improved disaster preparedness
Authors: Tripathy Shrabani S. , Jafarzadegan Keighobad , Moftakhari Hamed , Moradkhani Hamid 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHurricanes associated with strong winds and heavy rainfall, significantly impact lives and property globally. Traditional approaches focusing only on wind speed lack a comprehensive assessment of potential impacts. Here, we present an innovative method for generating real-time dynamic bivariate hazard assessments for hurricanes, with a specific focus on wind and rainfall, offering a holistic perspective on probable impact. Demonstrated on four hurricanes, this method computes the probabilistic wind and rainfall hazard values at different lead days. These are categorized and presented as bivariate hazard maps to facilitate straightforward interpretation and efficient communication. These maps provide insights into the combined hazard and highlight the individual contributions of wind and rainfall across different lead times, empowering stakeholders to strategize preparedness and precautionary measures. This method provides a novel generic approach for communicating forecast through dynamic bivariate hazard maps, applicable to a range of extreme events such as floods, wildfires, and droughts.
Acid-triggered radical polymerization of vinyl monomers
Authors: Antonopoulou Maria-Nefeli , Jones Glen R. , Kroeger Asja A. , Pei Zhipeng , Coote Michelle L. , Truong Nghia P. , Anastasaki Athina 
Published: January 2024

AbstractReversible addition–fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization is one of the most versatile and robust controlled radical polymerization methods owing to its broad material scope and high tolerance to various functionalities and impurities. However, to operate RAFT polymerization, a constant supply of radicals is required, typically via exogenous thermal radical initiators that are not only challenging to transport and store, but also primarily responsible for termination and end-group heterogeneity. Here we present an acid-triggered RAFT polymerization that operates in the dark and without any conventional radical initiator. Abundant acids (for example, sulfuric acid) are shown to have a dual role initiating and accelerating the polymerization. The polymers prepared have low dispersity and high end-group fidelity. The method is compatible with a wide range of vinyl monomers and solvents, and can be applied to the synthesis of well-controlled high molecular weight block copolymers, as well as to free radical polymerization.
Degradation in parallel-connected lithium-ion battery packs under thermal gradients
Authors: Naylor Marlow Max , Chen Jingyi , Wu Billy 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPractical lithium-ion battery systems require parallelisation of tens to hundreds of cells, however understanding of how pack-level thermal gradients influence lifetime performance remains a research gap. Here we present an experimental study of surface cooled parallel-string battery packs (temperature range 20–45 °C), and identify two main operational modes; convergent degradation with homogeneous temperatures, and (the more detrimental) divergent degradation driven by thermal gradients. We attribute the divergent case to the, often overlooked, cathode impedance growth. This was negatively correlated with temperature and can cause positive feedback where the impedance of cells in parallel diverge over time; increasing heterogeneous current and state-of-charge distributions. These conclusions are supported by current distribution measurements, decoupled impedance measurements and degradation mode analysis. From this, mechanistic explanations are proposed, alongside a publicly available aging dataset, which highlights the critical role of capturing cathode degradation in parallel-connected batteries; a key insight for battery pack developers.
The influence of early-life adversity on the coupling of structural and functional brain connectivity across childhood
Authors: Chan Shi Yu , Ngoh Zhen Ming , Ong Zi Yan , Teh Ai Ling , Kee Michelle Z. L. , Zhou Juan H. , Fortier Marielle V. , Yap Fabian , MacIsaac Julia L. , Kobor Michael S. , Silveira Patricia P. , Meaney Michael J. , Tan Ai Peng 
Published: January 2024

AbstractEarly-life adversity (ELA) exposure is suggested to accelerate development. However, the influence of ELA on neurodevelopmental trajectories has not been assessed directly but largely inferred from retrospective reporting in adult cohorts. Using multimodal neuroimaging data from a pediatric cohort study (N = 549), we modeled neurodevelopmental trajectories over childhood with structure–function coupling (SC–FC), the correlation between structural and functional connectivity. A linear decrease in SC–FC was observed from age 4.5 to 7.5 years. When stratified by ELA, only the high-adversity group showed a curvilinear trajectory, with a steep decrease between age 4.5 and 6 years, suggestive of accelerated neurodevelopment. This finding was confirmed by increased DNA-derived epigenetic age acceleration at age 6 years in the high- relative to low-adversity groups. SC–FC at age 4.5 years also positively moderated the associations between ELA and behavioral outcomes assessed in mid-childhood. These results demonstrate the association between ELA and neurodevelopment, and how they interact to influence behavior.
A bifunctional electrocatalyst based on interfacial engineering of CeO2 and NiSe2 for boosting electrocatalytic water splitting
Authors: Wang Xueying , Qin Yunong , Peng Xin , Li Ling , Zhu Qiancheng , Zhang Wenming 
Published: January 2024

A novel bifunctional electrocatalyst with a 3D structural CeO2–NiSe2 in situ grown on nickel foam is reported. It shows remarkable activities for the OER and the HER as well as superior electrocatalyst performance in overall water splitting.
A strong dependence of sputtering power on c‐axis oriented aluminium nitride on Si (111): A structural and electrical study
Authors: Sanjeeva Sandeep , Rudresh Jyothilakshmi , Vinayakumar K. B. , Nagaraja K. K. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractGrowing and controlling the c‐axis orientation of the aluminium nitride (AlN) thin film on unheated Si (111) substrates using reactive magnetron sputtering are challenging. Sputtering parameters such as nitrogen concentration and sputtering power were effectively tuned to grow the c‐axis oriented AlN thin film. The results show that a low concentration of (25%) N2 is enough for forming AlN at a reduced flow rate, whereas a higher flow rate requires a higher concentration of N2. Low concentration with a low flow rate is preferred to grow AlN at low temperature and power. The poor crystallinity of AlN with (100) orientation was improved by varying the power from 75 to 175 W. The X‐ray diffraction results confirmed the improvisation of crystallinity of grown AlN films and indicated the strong dependence of preferred c‐axis orientation on sputtering power. Also, the dependence of sputtering power on microstrain and stress was analysed. The surface morphology study by field emission scanning electron microscopy and topography measured by an atomic force microscope shows a dependence on sputtering power. The high c‐axis orientation was observed at 175 W with low surface roughness, low leakage current density (2 × 10−9 A/cm2) and low dielectric constant (6.8).
Aromatic Residue Positioning Influences Helical Peptoid Structure in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Javed Jwwad M. , Scukas Katherine , Fuller Amelia A. , Nguyen Michelle T. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWater-soluble peptidomimetics, including peptoids, are promising functional surrogates for biologically relevant, amphiphilic, helical peptides. Twenty amphiphilic peptoid hexamers with predicted helical structures were designed, prepared, and studied using circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. The site-specific contributions of aromatic and charged residues to the helical structure of peptoid hexamers in aqueous solution was evaluated, revealing that aromatic residue positioning most significantly impacts structure.
DIEP Donor Site Satisfaction between Patients with and without History of Pregnancy
Authors: Cheong David Chon-Fok , Wong Allen Wei-Jiat , Kao Shu-Wei , Chang Shu-Ying , Huang Jung-Ju 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background With the success of free autologous breast reconstruction, the abdominal donor site is now an important consideration, especially in patients of childbearing age. In our institution, there are increasing patients who have successfully undergone the deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEP) flap despite previous pregnancy. This study aims to answer questions on the effect of the donor site on pregnancy and vice versa.
Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted to identify breast cancer patients who received a free DIEP flap for breast reconstruction from January 2018 to August 2020. Patients were allocated to two groups according to whether they had prior pregnancies with successful deliveries. Demographics, flap-related parameters, surgical outcomes on breast and abdomen, and patient-reported outcome (Breast-Q questionnaire) were analyzed. Patients were excluded if follow-up time was less than 1 year, or if there was incomplete medical records or Breast-Q replies.
Results Ninety-nine of 116 patients had had successful pregnancies with delivery, 17 of them remained nulliparous. No statistically significant differences existed between groups regarding demographic data, flap-related parameters, surgical outcomes on breast and abdomen. Nulliparous patients exhibited significantly lower score in physical well-being in the abdomen domain compared with delivery-experienced patients (62.1 vs. 73.4, p = 0.025). Significantly, nulliparous patients felt more tightness and pulling of the abdominal wall than the delivery-experienced patients (2.9 vs. 3.7; p = 0.05 and 3.5 vs. 4.0; p = 0.04).
Conclusion Free DIEP flap can be transferred safely in nulliparous patients despite a slight increase in abdominal tightness and abdominal pulling. Precise flap design and surgical approaches may help to minimize the abdominal discomfort especially on young, normal body mass index, and nonchildbearing patients.
Use of K-Y Jelly on Throat Packs for Postoperative Sore Throat after Nasal Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Elgarhy Ahmed Mahmoud M.M. , Abdelhameed Saeed Mostafa , Yahia Othman Saadeldien , Ibrahim Wael Mohamed Elmahdy , Ewieda Tamer Mohamed Ahmed , Elsayed Mahmoud M. , Abdel-aziz Marwa M. , Elshehawy Naglaa A. , Abdelkader Hussein Magdy , Al Boghdady Mahmoud Hamdy , Abbas Ayman Yehia 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Introduction Postoperative sore throat (POST) is a fairly common side effect of general anesthesia. The K-Y jelly is a well-known lubricant used in many medical procedures.
Objective In this randomized study, we evaluated the use of throat packs soaked with K-Y jelly for POST outcomes in patients submitted to nasal surgery.
Methods The present double-blinded, randomized, controlled study included 140 ASA I–II patients undergoing nasal surgery under general anesthesia. Patients received either or K-Y jelly or water-soaked X-ray detectable throat packs fully inserted into the mouth to occlude the oropharynx.
Results Comparison between the studied groups regarding the severity of POST assessed by visual analog scale revealed significantly lower POST levels in the K-Y jelly group on recovery from anesthesia, and at 2, 4, and 6 hours postoperatively.
Conclusions The use of K-Y jelly-soaked throat packs was associated with less severe POST after nasal surgery.
A dynamic linkage between greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and agricultural productivity: evidence from Ethiopia
Authors: Mulusew Asmamaw , Hong Mingyong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe consequences of greenhouse gas emissions are a global problem and are felt most clearly in poor countries. Every sector in Ethiopia is affected by greenhouse gas emissions, but the productivity of the agricultural sector is particularly at risk. Although climate change is a long-term phenomenon, no in-depth macro-level studies have been conducted to guide discussion in this area. Therefore, the study fills this gap and carefully examines these impacts over time from 2019 to 2022 using the Vector Auto Regressive Model. Our results show that a 1% increase in fertilizer consumption, agricultural land, nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, rural population, and area devoted to grain production results in a 0.28, 2.09, 15.92, 5.33, and 1.31 percent increase in agricultural yield in the long-run, respectively. A negative relationship was found between agricultural employment, agricultural methane emissions (CH4), carbon dioxide emissions (CO2), and agricultural productivity with a significance level of 5%. This means that under a black box condition, a one percent increase in agricultural employment, CH4, and CO2emissions in the country in the long run will lead to a decrease in agricultural productivity by 5.82, 17.11, and 2.75 percent respectively, as we also found that all regressors except technology adoption had an elastic relationship with agricultural productivity. The short-term error correction estimates show that the coefficient of the “speed of adjustment” term for the expected productivity equation is both statistically significant and negative. The value of the coefficient term of −0.744 shows that an adjustment of 74.4% is made each year to converge the long-run equilibrium level. Therefore, Ethiopia needs to take measures that keep the economy away from sectors that produce a lot of carbon. These must be coordinated at a global level to achieve social change towards a fair and environmentally sustainable future and to increase agricultural productivity.
Evidence-based practices: using the touch points strategy to teach single-digit addition to students with ASD
Authors: Alghamdi Ahmad Saad 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAn ever-growing number of students are being diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in Saudi Arabian schools, creating a need for highly effective, research-based strategies for teaching mathematics. However, current research on such strategies is limited. Nevertheless, several studies, including those by Wisniewski and Smith (2002) and Scott (1993), have found the touch-point strategy effective in developing and retaining single-digit addition and mathematical problem-solving skills in students with disabilities, as well as in retaining addition skills among students with ASD. The researchers conducted single-subject research using a reversal design (A-B-A-B) to determine the intervention’s effect on three students with ASD as the main data source. Additionally, an interview with the math teacher of these participants was conducted to gather more in-depth data, which helped explore the effectiveness and challenges of using the touch-point strategy in teaching math addition facts to Saudi students with ASD. Significant improvements in computation and acquisition rate were noted among all participants when the strategy was used to solve single-digit addition problems. Two major themes emerged from the analysis of the interview data: the need for resources to teach the strategy and challenges in implementing the touch-point strategy across the whole class, given the individual needs of each student.
Exploring an extinct society through the lens of Habitus-Field theory and the Tocharian text corpus
Authors: Wieczorek Oliver , Malzahn Melanie 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe paper applies Habitus-Field theory, Multiple Correspondence Analysis, and close reading to study an extinct, ancient civilization through the lense of a likewise extinct language: Tocharian. To do so, we analyze a large corpus of 5276 text fragments written from the 5th to the 10th century C.E. stemming from 25 different regions in the Tarim basin and Taklamakan desert. We include not only text contents but also archaeological features such as find spots and the materiality of the text fragments. Our analysis reveals a distinction between political, spiritual, and economic elites by referencing moral principles stemming from Buddhism. Furthermore, distinctions in terms of gift-giving, being able to control the Caravan trade, and shaping the view on the moral order of society by the act of writing itself were found.
Unique types and innovation input of family firm CEOs: moderating role of managerial ability in Chinese listed firms
Authors: Ghafoor Sadeen , Huo Weidong , Wang Man , Geng Yunjiang , Zulfiqar Muhammad , Yousaf Muhammad Usman 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn family firms the role of CEO is highly significant with reference to devise strategic decisions and deciding if it is feasible to invest in innovation input. This study aims to investigate the behaviour analyses of the diverse types of CEOs in family firms towards innovations. This study also analyzes the moderating role of managerial ability in the nexus of CEO types and innovation input. The data are obtained from Chinese A-share listed family firms from Accounting Research and China Stock Exchange in 2012–2020 and analysed using ordinary least squares regression. Tobit and probit regressions are also employed to confirm the results. Results indicate that non-family and family CEOs (with no controlling rights) show identical behaviour concerning their lower intentions to promote innovations in R&D projects than family CEOs with actual controlling rights. In addition, family CEOs with actual controlling rights exert a positive effect on R&D, indicating that they are more willing to invest in innovative projects. Moreover, we observe the significant moderating role of managerial ability in the nexus of CEO types and innovation activities. We find that high managerial ability alters the behaviour of different CEOs. With the moderation of managerial ability, non-family and family CEOs (without actual controlling rights) also show willingness to invest in innovative projects and without managerial ability, CEOs’ willingness to make innovations decline. This study is a pioneer work that investigates the impact of diverse types of CEOs to unlock notable insights regarding the R&D investment behaviour of Chinese family firms with moderating role of managerial ability. This study is useful to all parties involved with the company, including employees, clients, suppliers and customers. The results of this study can also assist board members in selecting and recruiting non-family CEOs or keeping family CEOs (with or without actual controlling rights).
Daily rhythm of urban space usage: insights from the nexus of urban functions and human mobility
Authors: Du Fangye , Wang Jiaoe , Mao Liang , Kang Jian 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAs urban density increases, it becomes increasingly common for multiple functions to coexist within the same space, intensifying the complexity of human activity dynamics. However, traditional urban zoning, which relies on the spatial distribution of urban functions and human activities, focuses on the spatial heterogeneity of urban space and fails to capture the temporal dynamics of urban space usage. This paper aims to investigate the daily rhythm of urban space usage and illustrate how the distribution and combination of urban functions affect the daily usage rhythm. Taking Beijing in China as a case, we first identified the daily rhythm of urban space usage with the k-means algorithm and zoned urban space accordingly. Subsequently, multinomial logistic (MNL) models were employed to elucidate how the distribution and combination of urban functions influenced these daily usage patterns. Furthermore, a validation study in typical zones was conducted. The results revealed the existence of a distinct daily rhythm in urban space usage, resulting in the classification of urban space into seven distinct zones: high equilibrium, low equilibrium, diurnal, nocturnal, morning, evening, and noon-type zones. Also, we found that this daily usage rhythm is closely intertwined with the distribution and coexistence of urban functions. Our findings could provide valuable insights for the enhancement of various intricate aspects within urban decision-making processes, including urban planning, transportation management, and more, at a fine-grained scale.
Linearization of the tunneling magnetoresistance sensors through a three-step annealing process
Authors: Sun Yuzu , Xia Qingtao , Zhang Dandan , Mou Qianqian , Li Yunpeng , Xie Libo , Guang Shaojie , Cao Zhiqiang , Zhu Dapeng , Zhao Weisheng 
Published: January 2024

For tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) sensors using magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJ), the sensor output linearization is of great importance for practical applications. The current study employs a three-step magnetic annealing procedure for linearizing the double-pinned MTJs, setting the magnetization of the free layer to be orthogonal to that of the reference layer. Compared to the traditional two-step annealing procedure, the three-step annealing procedure benefits from a lower annealing temperature and excellent linearity performance. Utilizing the three-step annealing procedure, the sensitivity and the detectivity of 1.57 mV/V/Oe and 29.3 nT Hz0.5 @ 10 Hz, respectively, was achieved in a full Wheatstone bridge TMR sensor. Our results reveal a new pathway for linearization of the TMR sensors through three-step annealing process.
Uniform broad-area deposition and patterning of SiO2 nanofilms by 172 nm photochemical conversion of liquid tetraethoxysilane layers at 300 K
Authors: Kim Jinhong , Sievers Dane J. , Mironov Andrey E. , Park Sung-Jin , Eden J. Gary 
Published: January 2024

Oxide films of the quality required for the fabrication of electronic and photonic devices are typically deposited at elevated temperatures and thermal equilibrium, thereby adversely impacting thermal budgets. We report the deposition and patterning of silicon dioxide (SiO2) films of high electrical and optical quality on Si(100) or polymer substrates in a N2 atmosphere and at 300 K by the photochemical conversion of thin liquid tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) layers with narrowband vacuum ultraviolet radiation [vacuum ultraviolet (VUV), 172 nm] provided by efficient microplasma lamps. Irradiating liquid TEOS layers, produced by spin-coating the precursor onto a substrate, with a VUV intensity of 13 mW cm−2, yields 40 nm-thick SiO2 films having a dielectric breakdown strength (Eb) of 5 MV cm−1, for which no precedent exists in the deposition of oxide films at 300 K. If room temperature-deposited films are post-annealed at 200 °C, Eb rises to 7.5 MV cm−1, which is &lt;12% below the measured value (8.5 MV cm−1) for 40 nm SiO2 films grown by thermal oxidation. The deposition of 1 µm thick, stoichiometric SiO2 films requires only 20 min of VUV illumination at low optical fluences, and films with thicknesses of ∼35–60 nm exhibit a refractive index of 1.45 (633 nm). X-ray photoelectron spectrometry and Rutherford backscattering analysis indicate that, despite the deposition temperature, hydrocarbon impurity levels are near or below the detection limit. The capability for depositing 960 nm-thick SiO2 films uniformly (to within 0.6%) by liquid → solid photochemical conversion over a 5 cm diameter Si substrate and patterning films onto flexible polymer substrates has also been demonstrated.