bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seafood Intake of Americans and Meeting Omega‐3 Consumption Recommendations
Authors: Bird Julia K , McBurney Michael I 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionAmericans are advised to consume about 8 ounces of a variety of seafood per week to provide at least 250 mg per day omega‐3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (EPA+DHA) for cardiovascular health. However, it is not known to what extent this recommendation is followed or whether it is effective in helping individuals to meet omega‐3 recommendations.MethodsUsing data from NHANES 2009–2012 we calculated total mean EPA+DHA intakes based on 2 days’ dietary recall and total episodes of consumption of seafood containing >850 mg DHA+EPA per 4 oz serving (mussels, oysters, tuna, mackerel, salmon, sardines, trout). Analyses were weighted to be representative of the US non‐institutionalized, civilian population, and variance estimates take account of the complex survey design. All analyses were performed with SAS version 9.3.ResultsDietary intake data was available for 15,313 participants. Mean EPA+DHA consumption from food was 84.3 mg per day, 44.1 mg in children aged <18, and 97.1 mg in adults aged 19+. Men had higher intakes than women (96.7 vs 72.6 mg, p<0.05), people with at least some tertiary education had higher intakes than high school graduates (107 mg vs. 75.1 mg, p<0.05), and individuals from higher income households had a greater intake than lower income households (PIR>3.5, 99.4 mg; 3.5>PIR>1.85, 75.0 mg, PIR<1.85, 73.8 mg; p<0.05). There were no significant differences found between major racial/ethnic groups, or pregnancy status in women of childbearing potential.22.2% of the US population consumed no fish, 61.3% consumed fish but not enough to meet omega‐3 intake recommendations, and 16.6% consumed at least four servings of fish containing more than 850 mg EPA+DHA in the past 30 days. EPA+DHA intakes were highest for participants consuming at least four servings of high omega‐3 seafood in the past 30 days (154 mg) vs. any other seafood consumption (84.9 mg) or fish non‐consumers (30.7 mg).7.5% of the population met recommendations for omega‐3 consumption >250 mg per day. The proportion meeting recommendations tended to increase by age categories. Less than 1% of fish non‐consumers met omega‐3 recommendations from food compared to 7.2% of seafood consumers and 18% of consumers of at least one serving of high omega‐3 seafood per week.ConclusionsFew Americans meet EPA+DHA intake recommendations from food. The consumption of seafood, particularly seafood containing high levels of EPA+DHA, make an important contribution to intakes of long chain omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids.Support or Funding InformationDSM Nutritional Products is a global supplier of vitamins, nutritional lipids and other nutritional ingredients including long chain omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Impact of Exercise and Exercise + Weight Loss on Markers of Inflammation and Angiogenesis in Older Overweight and Obese African American Adults
Authors: Olender Sarah , Tussing‐Humphreys Lisa , Castellanos Karla , Schiffer Linda , Fitzgibbon Marian , Hughes Susan , Fantuzzi Giamila , Braunschweig Carol 
Published: November 2023

Markers of inflammation and angiogenesis are upregulated in sedentary obese adults with research suggesting that both processes can negatively influence the development of cancer. Conceivably, modulating inflammation and angiogenesis through weight loss (WL) and increased physical activity could prevent or slow the development of cancer. The aim of this ancillary study was to examine the impact of an 8‐week exercise (E) and E+WL intervention on markers of inflammation and angiogenesis in older overweight and obese AA adults enrolled in the NIH Fit & Strong! Plus trial. Fasting blood levels of the inflammatory biomarkers C‐reactive protein, interleukin‐6, and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and the angiogenic markers vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and osteopontin were assessed at baseline and post‐intervention. Anthropometric and survey data was also obtained. Generalized estimating equations controlling for age, baseline BMI, and gender were used to assess mean post‐intervention change in the biomarkers. 72 subjects were randomized to E+WL and 83 to the E only group. Subjects were predominately female (88%), with a mean age of 67 years old and baseline BMI of 33.8 kg/m2. Albeit modest, subjects in the E+WL group lost a greater % of their baseline body weight post‐intervention vs. the E only group (−1.8% vs. −0.2%; p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the inflammatory or angiogenic markers between the groups post‐intervention. A significant decrease in TNF‐α was observed in the E group only. VEGF was significantly lower post‐intervention in both groups compared to baseline. Post‐intervention changes in markers of inflammation and angiogenesis were minimal in older overweight and obese AA adults following an 8 week E or E+WL intervention. Modest weight loss, short intervention duration, and relatively low intensity physical activities may have impeded our ability to observe significant changes in the majority of markers. The relevance of these interventions for cancer risk reduction deserves further study.Support or Funding InformationAmerican Cancer Society Illinois Division #261775; NIH NIA #R01AG039374
Content of Benzo[a]pyrene or Heterocyclic Aromatic Amine in Foods: Challenges to Assessing Exposure
Authors: Weatherford Charli A , Van Elswyk Mary E , Kuratko Connye , McNeill Shalene 
Published: November 2023

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heterocyclic aromaticamines (HAAs) are high risk compounds associated with human cancer. Benzo[a]pyrene(BaP) is one of the most commonly reported PAHs. HAAs and PAHs are found in foods as the result of exposure to smoke and/or flame during processing or cooking. Assessing dietary exposure of these compounds is important, particularly given a recent evaluation indicating a potential cancer risk with increased levels of red and processed meat intake, although mechanistic evidence is lacking. The goal of the present study was to use a systematic approach to evaluate and summarize quantitative reports of BaP and HAA content in the current food supply. A search of the PubMed database was conducted to identify studies published ≥ 2000 that measured BaP and/or HAA in meats and other foods formed during cooking. Studies published in or after 2000 were selected as they more likely reflect newer analytical methods and an analysis of foods consistent with today's lower fat and lower sodium food supply. Included studies were limited in scope, with only two laboratories providing data on a comprehensive list of foods, with large variation between laboratories. Results showed, with the exception offish, pan and deep fried meats do not contain significant amounts of BaP and that exposure to flame and smoke increases the BaP content of many foods, not just red and processed meat. Terminology used for cooking methods varied geographically and among researchers. The experimental cooking methods in study designs may not represent typical in‐home preparation making practical recommendations from laboratory experiments difficult. In addition, a continuous updating of nutrient databases is needed to reflect advancements indetection equipment and methodology and changes in the food supply. Exposure assessment is further confounded by varying methodologies to estimate food intakes. While current intakes of lean red meat in the U.S. are consistent with Dietary Guidelines, the intake assessed by disappearance data is over‐inflated. Disappearance data is often used to estimate food intakes in countries where nutrition surveys are lacking. Combining over‐estimates of food intake with limited and outdated estimates of BaP and HAA content in foods limits meaningful exposure assessments. These limitations also call into question there levance of observational studies relating dietary BaP or HAA exposure as a strong mechanism associated with cancer risk. There is a need to update dietary PAH and HAA databases, through an assessment of the current food supply and typical in‐home preparation methods, using recent methodology, in order to better evaluate exposure to BaP and HCAs from red and processed meat, as well as other foods.Support or Funding InformationSupport from the Beef Checkoff
Inhibitory Effects of Silibinin on Inflammation via Attenuation of HO‐1 in Murine Macrophage Cell
Authors: Song Jihyeon 
Published: November 2023

Silibinin is the major bioactive compound of silymarin which is the mixture of flavonoliigans extracted from milk thistle. Silibinin has been shown to possess anti‐inflammatory activity, in inflammation associated with the activation of inducible nitric oxide (iNOS), cyclooxygenase (COX2), and pro‐inflammatory cytokines. However, the underlying mechanisms still remain unclear.The aims of this study were to determine the effect of silibinin on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced RAW264.7 murine macrophage cell.In the present study, we confirmed that silibinin attenuated the production of inflammatory cytokines including interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha(TNFα). This effect was associated with nitric oxide (NO) production and iNOS protein activity. Silibiinin also suppressed the procution of NO and the expression of iNOS level in LPS‐inducedf RAW264.7. Heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) is know to be an inducible cytoprotective enzyme that has been suggested suppression of HO‐1 activity reduce airway inflammation in arsthma mouse model. We similarly found that HO‐1 was increased in LPS‐induced RAW264.7, while silibinin derepressed the abnormal expression of HO‐1 by LPS in RAW264.7. To demonstrate the anti‐inflammatory effect of silibiin through the regulation of HO‐1 in RAW264.7, we used short‐interfering RNA (siRNA) against to HO‐1. Our results showed that silibinin suppressed inflammatory response via HO‐1 and subsequent involvements with absence of cell cytotocixity in LPS‐induced RAW264.7.Thus, we conclude that silibinin might be useful to prevent the exogenous pathogen‐mediated inflammation.
Transcription factor HMG box‐containing protein 1 (HBP1) modulates mitotic clonal expansion (MCE) during adipocyte differentiation
Authors: YU PING , CHAN CHIEN‐YI , CHANG FENG‐TZU , HUANG CHUN‐YIN 
Published: November 2023

Adipocyte differentiation is delicately controlled by a series of transcription factors, including CCAAT/enhancer‐binding protein (C/EBP)β. Previously, we demonstrated that suppression of transcription factor HMG box‐containing protein 1 (HBP1) by either HBP1 siRNA or shRNA in 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes accelerated cell cycle progression in the mitotic clonal expansion (MCE) stage, but impaired adipogenesis, indicating that HBP1 might be involved in the regulation of adipocyte differentiation. To further gain insight into the role of HBP1 in the MCE stage, we examined the expression pattern of HBP1 upon hormonal stimulation in growth‐arrested 3T3‐L1 cells, and found that, immediately following stimulation, HBP1 expression was down‐regulated, whereas (C/EBP)β was up‐regulated. Further, ectopic expression of HBP1 dose‐dependently suppressed C/EBPβ expression. In addition, administration of methylisobutylxanthine (MIX), a C/EBPβ activator, inhibited both the expression of HBP1 and its promoter activity as determined by a 2 kb HBP1 promoter‐reporter gene assay. These data indicate that HBP1 functions as a negative regulator of MCE, in which down‐regulation of HBP1 ensures the expression of C/EBPβ and the reentry of growth‐arrested 3T3‐L1 into the proliferation mode. In contrast, HBP1 expression was gradually elevated, along with a concomitant induction of p27, at the end of the MCE. Overexpression of HBP1 activated a p27 promoter‐reporter system, suggesting that HBP1‐mediated p27 expression may be needed for the termination of cell cycle as well as the transition of growth arrest into terminal differentiation at the end of MCE, whereas HBP1 knockdown may delay the progression. Taken together, our findings add HBP1 as a key transcription factor in the complicated regulatory cascade during adipocyte differentiation.Support or Funding InformationThis work was supported by the grant to NSC 102‐2320‐B‐039‐036 C‐Y Huang.
Despite the Introduction of Mandatory Folic Acid Fortification, Australian Women of Childbearing Age may not obtain the Estimated Average Requirements for Folate
Authors: Borradale David , Kimlin Michael 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundDespite the importance of folate in reducing the risk of Neural Tube Defects (NTD's) and the widespread introduction of mandatory folic acid fortification, there remains a lack of data on the sources where child bearing age women are obtaining their folate requirements.ObjectiveWe aimed to assess the folate status and dietary intake of folate in a sample of Australian women of childbearing age and to estimate the major contributors of folate intake.MethodsAcross‐sectional study of forty‐five (N=45) women (aged 18–47) conducted in Brisbane, Australia. Dietary intake of folate, assessed as Dietary Folate Equivalents (DFE's) was measured via a validated food frequency questionnaire. Serum and red blood cell folate of participants were measured via commercial automated competitive binding assay.ResultsNo participants were deficient in either serum or red blood cell folate, however, over one third of the group (n=16) did not consume an adequate intake of folate according to the Estimated Average requirements (EAR). Meeting the EAR of dietary intake for folate was significantly associated with increased odds of having higher red blood cell folate status (OR=3.83;p=<0.05). Proportionally, folic acid fortified bread contributed 15.4% of total dietary folate intake.ConclusionsMandatoryfolic acid fortification provided a substantial proportion of the dietaryfolate intake in this sample. However, despite the mandatory fortification of bread making flour with folic acid a considerable proportion (36%) did not meet the estimated average requirement of dietary folate. Future studies should include females of childbearing age belonging to vulnerable populations, to elucidate the adequacy of folate intake in these groups and assess the impact of low intakes in these populations on blood folate statusSupport or Funding InformationDavid Borradale was supported via Queensland University of Technology's Postgraduate Research Award and project costs were supported via a Queensland University of Technology's small grant award
Soy Proteins Deficient in the α’ Subunit of β‐Conglycinin and Various Glycinin Subunits Maintain the Ability to Modulate Hepatic Lipid and Glucose Metabolism
Authors: Chatterjee Cynthia , Liu Jiajie , Wood Carla , Gagnon Christine , Cober Elroy R. , Fregeau‐Reid Judith A. , Gleddie Stephen , Xiao Chaowu 
Published: November 2023

Soy consumption has been associated with improved blood lipid profiles and decreased incidence of metabolic diseases. However, the involved molecular mechanism(s) and the bioactive components in soy remain unclear. This study examined the effect of soy proteins with depletion of different subunits of the two major storage proteins, β‐conglycinin and glycinin, on hepatic lipids and proteins involved in lipid and glucose metabolism as well as inflammation in rats and cultured human hepatocytes. Sprague‐Dawley rats (8 males and 8 females/group) were fed diets containing either 20% casein or 20% conventional soy proteins or soy proteins depleted in different β‐conglycinin and glycinin subunits. After 8 weeks, the rats were necropsied for collection of blood and tissue samples. Human HepG2 liver cells were treated with casein or test soy protein hydrolysates in the media containing low (5 mM) or high (25 mM) levels of glucose with or without insulin and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α). Hepatic lipids were extracted and measured. Various modulators of lipid and glucose metabolisms in the liver and cultured human hepatocytes were determined by Western blot. Serum inflammation markers were analysed by a magnetic beads‐based multiplexing immunoassay. The results showed that the soy diets lacking glycinins reduced hepatic lipid droplet formation, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and non‐esterified fatty acids content in the male rats compared to rats on the casein control diets, and a similar trend was observed in the females. The soy diets lacking glycinins significantly attenuated serum inflammation markers and the abundance of mature hepatic sterol regulatory element binding protein ‐1 (SREBP‐1) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) in both genders and decreased hydroxymethylglutaryl‐CoA reductase (HMGCR) and low‐density lipoprotein receptor (LDL‐R) in female livers. Soy protein hydrolysates devoid of glycinins significantly increased Akt phosphorylation in high glucose concentrations. These results suggest that the remaining soy protein components other than α’ subunit of β‐conglycinin and glycinin may be associated with the health benefits of soy intake such as hypolipidemic function, improved insulin signalling and suppression of inflammation.Support or Funding InformationThis research was supported by Health Canada, Grain Farmers of Ontario Research Fund and the partnership of Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada/Canadian Field Crops Research Alliance DIAP Fund. C.C. is supported by the National Science and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) Visiting Fellowship in Canadian Government Laboratories.
Effect of Enzyme‐Treated Asparagus Extract on brain function
Authors: Takahashi Makiko , Sakurai Takuya , Hisajima Tatsuya 
Published: November 2023

Enzyme‐Treated Asparagus Extract (ETAS) is an anti‐stress functional material which is made from asparagus native to Hokkaido, Japan. It shows a variety of anti‐stress effects including heat shock protein 70 (HSP70)‐inducing activity. Several investigations were conducted to evaluate the anti‐stress effects of ETAS in in vitro and in vivo studies and in a clinical trial.In the in vitro study, when NG108‐15 neuronal cells were treated with ETAS, it upregulated the expressions of cytoprotective and anti‐apoptotic mRNAs such as HSP70, heme oxygenase‐1, growth differentiation factor 15, and neuronal apoptosis inhibitor protein 2. In the in vivo experiment, a senescence‐accelerated prone mouse (SAMP8) which shows early deficits of learning and memory, was supplemented with ETAS. When a contextual fear conditioning test was conducted, the ratio of freezing responses of SAMP8 mice treated with ETAS increased significantly compared to that of SAMP8 mice without ETAS.A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, cross‐over study was also carried out. Healthy volunteers (n=25) received ETAS (150 mg/day) or placebo, each of 28 days, with a 14‐day wash‐out. The subjects took the mental arithmetic (the Uchida‐Kraepelin test) for psychological test. After the mental arithmetic test, stress markers were measured using blood and saliva collected, and profile of mood states (POMS) was performed. The intake of ETAS inhibited the elevation of noradrenaline in blood and enhanced s‐IgA level in saliva. Furthermore, the number of answers and correct answers in the mental arithmetic test increased significantly.In conclusion, it was demonstrated that ETAS has neuroprotective effects and ability to maintain homeostasis against psychological stress, suggesting that ETAS may have beneficial effects in brain function.
Preliminary analysis of bioactive components in aqueous garlic extract
Authors: Thomson Martha , Al‐Qattan Khaled K , Divya JS , Ali Muslim 
Published: November 2023

Limited analysis of bioactive components of garlic (Allium sativum) extracts by GC‐MS as well as analysis of amino acid and fatty acid composition and trace metal analysis were carried out. The total phenol content of garlic was 0.374 mg/g dry weight. GC‐MS determination of sulfur compounds in fresh garlic extract and fresh chopped garlic revealed similar compositions with vinyl dithins being the major component in both (40% and 46% respectively), with lesser amounts of allylmethyl trisulfide, diallyl disulfide and S‐allyl cysteine. Freezing and storage of garlic extract resulted in increased amounts of S‐allylcysteine and diallyldisulide, and decreased levels of allylmethyl trisulfide. Vinyldithins remained at approximately 40% throughout the storage period. Boiling of garlic extract vastly changed the composition with allylmethyl disulfide, allyl alcohol and dimethyl disulfide being the major components. Amino acid and metal analysis of garlic extract revealed the presence of 17 amino acids and potassium as the major metal. Fourteen fatty acids were identified in garlic extract with the major fatty acids identified as palmitic, linoleic and stearic acids;A major bioactive component from garlic extract, S‐allyl cysteine (SAC), was purified by preparative HPLC and assessed for biological activity in streptozotocin (STZ) ‐ induced diabetic rats during a 4 week daily treatment experiment. SAC (5mg/kg daily intraperitoneally) was shown to be effective in limiting weight loss and lowering blood glucose levels of diabetic rats. However, SAC was effective in decreasing polyphagia and polydipsia typical of diabetic rats.Support or Funding InformationThe study was supported by KU grant #SL 07/14.
The Effect of Moringa Oleífera Leaves in Anthropometric and Biochemical Parameters in Obese Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Subjects
Authors: Dominguez‐Rodriguez Maribel , Valenzuela‐Rubio Nancy Guadalupe , Ochoa‐Acosta Dora Alicia , Fierros‐Valdez Jesus Antonio , Castro‐Sanchez Francisco Humberto , Vergara‐Jimenez Marcela 
Published: November 2023

Obesity is associated with the development of diabetes. Diabetes is one of the mayor public health problems worldwide. Several studies have demonstrated the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of Moringa oleífera leaves. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of Moringa oleífera leaves on anthropometric and biochemical parameters in obese‐type 2 diabetic subjects from Mexico. A crossover double‐blind design was carried out through 22w (10w for Stage 1, 2w for a washout period and 10w for Stage 2). We recruited 24 obese type 2 diabetics using metformin (17 woman and 7 men, 20–60y). All subjects were randomly assigned into 2 groups (AB or BA). Letter A represents placebo and B Moringa Oleifera leaves. During the study all subjects received moderate carbohydrate diet (Carbohydrates 40%, Protein 30% and fat 30%) and they were advised to maintain their usual level of physical activity. 4 blood draw points were collected (at the beginning and ending of each stage). Only 3 subjects finished the whole crossover study.Body weight and Insulin were reduced in A (p<0.05). BMI was significantly reduced by the end of the study. Although the differences between biochemical parameters were not statistically significant, c‐LDL and HbA1c showed a trend to be reduced in B. blood pressure was lower in B. c‐HDL increased in both groups. Fasting glucose concentrations were reduced in A and B. Our results suggest that Moringa oleifera leaves improves parameters associated with obese‐type 2 Diabetics and therefore it could be used as an alternative treatment to control the diabetic conditions of obese adults.