bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determinants of influenza vaccination timing
Authors: Yoo Byung Kwang , Frick Kevin 
Published: February 2005

AbstractNew guidelines recommend different influenza vaccination timing for different subpopulations due to the limited availability of flu shots (FS). This study's objectives are to develop a theoretical model to demonstrate why some individuals choose to receive an early FS while others choose a late FS and to empirically explore the determinants of vaccination timing. Empirical results generally supported the theoretical results. Individuals vary their FS timing in response to variations in perceived risks, chronic condition levels reflecting their risk of influenza infection, and opportunity costs, measured by the presence of medical care other than an FS. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prospective study of N‐acetyltransferase‐2 genotypes, meat intake, smoking and risk of colorectal cancer
Authors: Chan Andrew T. , Tranah Gregory J. , Giovannucci Edward L. , Willett Walter C. , Hunter David J. , Fuchs Charles S. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractConsumption of red meat has been associated with elevated risk of colorectal cancer; however, mechanisms underlying this relationship are not well established. N‐acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) appears to activate carcinogenic heterocyclic amines found in meat as well as cigarette smoke. Genetic variation in this enzyme, associated with rapid acetylation, may modulate the influence of meat intake on cancer risk. We examined the risk of incident colorectal cancer according to NAT2 genotypes, meat intake and smoking in a prospective, nested case‐control study among 32,826 women enrolled in the Nurses' Health Study who provided prediagnostic blood specimens. We matched 183 women with colorectal cancer to 443 controls. Although acetylator genotype alone was not associated with the risk of colorectal cancer, women with rapid acetylator genotypes experienced a greater risk associated with intake of ≥0.5 serving of beef, pork or lamb as a main dish per day compared to intake of less meat (multivariate OR = 3.01; 95% CI = 1.10–8.18). In contrast, among slow acetylators, intake of beef, pork or lamb was not associated with risk of colorectal cancer (multivariate OR = 0.87; 95% CI = 0.35–2.17). The interaction between acetylator genotype and meat intake approached statistical significance (Pinteraction = 0.07). Moreover, compared to slow acetylators who smoked ≤35 pack‐years and ate <0.5 serving/day of red meat, the OR for rapid acetylators who smoked >35 pack‐years and ate ≥0.5 serving/day was 17.6 (95% CI 2.0–158.3). These prospective data suggest that red meat may increase the risk of colorectal cancer, particularly among genetically susceptible individuals. The influence of NAT2 genotype on this association supports a role for heterocyclic amines in mediating the effect of red meat on colorectal carcinogenesis. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cells in fluidic environments are sensitive to flow frequency
Authors: Balcells Mercedes , Suárez Marta Fernández , Vázquez María , Edelman Elazer R. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractVirtually all cells accommodate to their mechanical environment. In particular, cells subject to flow respond to rapid changes in fluid shear stress (SS), cyclic stretch (CS), and pressure. Recent studies have focused on the effect of pulsatility on cellular behavior. Since cells of many different tissue beds are constantly exposed to fluid flows over a narrow range of frequencies, we hypothesized that an intrinsic flow frequency that is optimal for determining cell phenotype exists. We report here that cells from various tissue beds (bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC), rat small intestine epithelial cells (RSIEC), and rat lung epithelial cells (RLEC)) proliferate maximally when cultured in a perfusion bioreactor under pulsatile conditions at a specific frequency, independent of the applied SS. Vascular endothelial and pulmonary epithelial cell proliferation peaked under 1 Hz pulsatile flow. In contrast, proliferation of gastrointestinal cells, which in their physiological context are subject to no flow or higher wavelength signal, was maximum at 0.125 Hz or under no flow. Moreover, exposure of BAEC to pulsatile flow of varying frequency influenced their nitric oxide synthase activity and prostacyclin production, which reached maximum values at 1 Hz. Notably, the “optimal” frequencies for the cell types examined correspond to the physiologic operating range of the organs from where they were initially derived. These findings suggest that frequency, independent of shear, is an essential determinant of cell response in pulsatile environments. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Infinite paths in planar graphs II, structures and ladder nets
Authors: Yu Xingxing 
Published: February 2005

AbstractA graph is k‐indivisible, where k is a positive integer, if the deletion of any finite set of vertices results in at most k – 1 infinite components. In 1971, Nash‐Williams conjectured that a 4‐connected infinite planar graph contains a spanning 2‐way infinite path if and only if it is 3‐indivisible. In this paper, we prove a structural result for 2‐indivisible infinite planar graphs. This structural result is then used to prove Nash‐Williams conjecture for all 4‐connected 2‐indivisible infinite planar graphs. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 48: 247–266, 2005
Disjoint clique cutsets in graphs without long holes
Authors: Eschen Elaine M. , Hoàng Chính T. , Petrick Mark D. T. , Sritharan R. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractA biclique cutset is a cutset that induces the disjoint union of two cliques. A hole is an induced cycle with at least five vertices. A graph is biclique separable if it has no holes and each induced subgraph that is not a clique contains a clique cutset or a biclique cutset. The class of biclique separable graphs contains several well‐studied graph classes, including triangulated graphs. We prove that for the class of biclique separable graphs, the recognition problem, the vertex coloring problem, and the clique problem can be solved efficiently. Our algorithms also yield a proof that biclique separable graphs are perfect. Our coloring algorithm is actually more general and can be applied to graphs that can be decomposed via a special type of biclique cutset. Our algorithms are based on structural results on biclique separable graphs developed in this paper. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 48: 277–298, 2005
A posteriori error estimation for the dual mixed finite element method of the elasticity problem in a polygonal domain
Authors: Boulaajine L. , Farhloul M. , Paquet L. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractIn this article, we propose a residual based reliable and efficient error estimator for the new dual mixed finite element method of the elasticity problem in a polygonal domain, introduced by M. Farhloul and M. Fortin. With the help of a specific generalized Helmholtz decomposition of the error on the strain tensor and the classical decomposition of the error on the gradient of the displacements, we show that our global error estimator is reliable. Efficiency of our estimator follows by using classical inverse estimates. The lower and upper error bounds obtained are uniform with respect to the Lamé coefficient λ, in particular avoiding locking phenomena. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2005.
Juvenile papillomatosis of the breast in a male infant with Noonan Syndrome, café au lait spots, and family history of breast carcinoma
Authors: Pacilli Maurizio , Sebire Neil James , Thambapillai Elmo , Pierro Agostino 
Published: February 2005

AbstractJuvenile papillomatosis (JP) of the breast is a rare condition, usually affecting women under 30 years of age. Although this is considered a benign lesion, follow‐up is recommended for the patient and family since there is an association with a family history of breast carcinoma and increased risk of development of breast carcinoma. We report an infant with JP, Noonan syndrome (NS), café au lait spots, and family history of breast carcinoma. Seven previously reported cases of JP in males exist, two occurring in infants. The association between JP and NS has not been previously reported. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Copolymerization of ethylene with cycloolefins or cyclodiolefins by a constrained‐geometry catalyst
Authors: Naga Naofumi 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe copolymerization of ethylene and cycloolefins [cyclopentene (CPE), cyclohexene (CHX), cycloheptene (CHP), cyclooctene (COT), cyclododecene (CDO), norbornene (NB), and 5,6‐dihydrodicyclopentadiene HDCPD] and cyclodiolefins [1,3‐cyclopentadiene (CPD), 1,4‐cyclohexadiene (CHD), 1,5‐cyclooctadiene (COD), 2,5‐norbornadiene (NBD), and dicyclopentadiene (DCPD)] was investigated with a constrained‐geometry catalyst, dimethylsilylene(tetramethylcyclopentadienyl)(N‐tert‐butyl)titanium dichloride, with methyl isobutyl aluminoxane as a cocatalyst. In the copolymerization with cycloolefins, the olefins, except for CHX, CDO, and HDCPD, were copolymerized via the 1,2‐insertion mode with the following reactivity: NB > CHP > COT > CPE. In the copolymerization with cyclodiolefins, corresponding copolymers, except for copolymerization with CHD, were obtained. A crosslinking fraction was detected in the copolymers with COD and NBD. The reactivity of the cyclodiolefins, except for COD, was higher than that of the cycloolefins. CPD was copolymerized via 1,2‐insertion, 1,4‐insertion or 1,2‐insertion of dimerized DCPD. The copolymerization with COD showed peculiar behavior under the copolymerization condition of a high COD concentration in the feed. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 1285–1291, 2005
Some mixed cyclopentadienyl–indenyl zirconium complexes with PhCH2 or PhCH2CH2 substituents in ethylene polymerization
Authors: Zhang Yong , Huang Jiling , Yang Xiaoxia , Zhang Jun , Qian Yanlong 
Published: February 2005

Abstract(RCp)(R′Ind)ZrCl2 complexes 1–6 (Cp = cyclopentadienyl; Ind = indenyl; 1, R = PhCH2 and R′ = H; 2, R = PhCH2 and R′ = PhCH2; 3, R = PhCH2CH2 and R′ = H; 4, R = PhCH2CH2 and R′ = PhCH2; 5, R = o‐MePhCH2CH2 and R′ = H; 6, R = o‐MePhCH2 and R′ = H) were synthesized and characterized with 1H NMR, elemental analysis, mass spectrometry, and infrared spectroscopy. Their catalytic behaviors were compared with those of (Et3SiCp)(PhCH2CH2Cp)ZrCl2, (PhCH2Cp)2ZrCl2, (PhCH2‐ CH2Cp)2ZrCl2, (o‐MePhCH2CH2Cp)2ZrCl2, and (Ind)2ZrCl2 in ethylene polymerization in the presence of methylaluminoxane. Complex 5 showed high activity up to 2.43 × 106 g of polyethylene (PE)/mol of Zr h, and complex 4 produced PE with bimodal molecular weight distributions. The methyl group at the 2‐position of phenyl in complex 5 increased the activity greatly. The relationships between the polymerization results and the structures were analyzed with NMR spectral data. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 1261–1269, 2005
Protection of Silver‐Based Alloys from Tarnishing by Means of Plasma‐Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition
Authors: d'Agostino Riccardo , Fracassi Francesco , Palumbo Fabio , Angelini Emma , Grassini Sabrina , Rosalbino Francesco 
Published: February 2005

AbstractSummary: SiO2‐like coatings have been deposited onto silver‐based alloys by means of plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) fed with a tetraethoxysilane/oxygen mixture in order to study their capability to protect the alloys from tarnishing. Chemical and morphological characterization of the coatings has been carried out by means of X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), infrared absorption spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy, while tarnishing susceptibility has been evaluated by means of visual inspection after intermittent immersions in Na2S solution at room temperature. It has been found that coatings deposited from oxygen‐rich mixtures at high input power are characterized by excellent protective properties.An Ag90Cu10 alloy sample after 24 h of immersion in 0.1 M Na2S solution having been coated with a 900 nm PECVD SiOx film after H2‐plasma treatment.imageAn Ag90Cu10 alloy sample after 24 h of immersion in 0.1 M Na2S solution having been coated with a 900 nm PECVD SiOx film after H2‐plasma treatment.
Characterizations of undoped and Cu doped CdS thin films using photothermal and other techniques
Authors: Paulraj M. , Ramkumar S. , Varkey K. P. , Vijayakumar K. P. , Sudha Kartha C. , Nair K. G. M. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractPhotothermal Deflection Spectroscopy (PDS) technique was used to study undoped and copper (Cu) doped cadmium sulphide (CdS) thin films. Variation in grain size and lattice strain due to Cu doping were analysed using X‐ray diffraction (XRD). Changes in mobility of carriers in CdS with Cu concentration was studied using PDS technique for the first time and results are compared with the earlier ones. Thickness of Cu diffused region in CdS was also calculated and compared with results from X‐Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Ellipsometry. Results from PDS technique are found to be agreeing with those from other experiments. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Small‐angle X‐ray scattering and nitrogen adsorption study of the nanoporosity elimination in TEOS sonohydrolysis‐derived xerogels
Authors: Vollet D. R. , de Castro W. C. , Donatti D. A. , Ibañez Ruiz A. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractSmall‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) and nitrogen adsorption techniques were used to study the temperature and time structural evolution of the nanoporosity in silica xerogels prepared from acid‐ and ultrasound‐catalyzed hydrolysis of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS). Silica xerogels present a structure of nanopores of fully random shape, size, and distribution, which can be described by an exponential correlation function γ(r) = exp (–r/a), where a is the correlation distance, as predicted by the Debye, Anderson, and Brumberger (DAB) model. The mean pore size was evaluated as about 1.25 nm from SAXS and about 1.9 nm from nitrogen adsorption. The nanopore elimination in TEOS sonohydrolysis‐derived silica xerogels is readily accelerated at temperatures around 900 °C probably by the action of a viscous flow mechanism. The nanopore elimination process takes place in such a way that the pore volume fraction and the specific surface are reduced while the mean pore size remains constant. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A novel method for preparing microcrystalline films from the amorphous phase by shot‐like IR laser light irradiation
Authors: Kondo S. , Saito T. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractA novel method is presented for preparing microcrystalline films of metal halide semiconductors. The method is based on fast crystallization and subsequent crystal growth of amorphous films by means of shot‐like IR laser light irradiation and includes in situ monitoring of exciton luminescence. It is possible to prepare high‐quality microcrystalline films at various size levels of the crystallites. There is an optimum size level at which the microcrystalline films show much stronger free‐exciton luminescence than polycrystalline films and bulk single crystals (as exemplified for CuCl and CsPbCl3). The microcrystalline films provide extremely densely dispersed nanoparticles for studying mesoscopic enhancement of linear and nonlinear optical properties at various particle size levels. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Growth and characterization of bulk AlN substrates grown by PVT
Authors: Bickermann M. , Epelbaum B. M. , Kazan M. , Herro Z. , Masri P. , Winnacker A. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractWe have grown bulk AlN boules by PVT at different growth temperatures. The grown material is single‐phase wurtzite AlN containing about 100 ppm wt of oxygen; transition metals are present only in the sub‐ppm range. Vibrational spectroscopy shows that structural quality of the single‐crystalline areas is high. In FT‐IR reflectivity, an additional maximum showing up in the 900–1000 cm–1 range is attributed to a probably distorted Al2O3 surface layer. In cathodoluminescence performed at 8 K, the samples show a broad luminescence band having its maximum varying between 3.45 eV and 3.85 eV as well as excitonic emission with transition energies of 6.03 eV, 5.93 eV and 5.82 eV. Remarkable variation in peak maximum and width of the broad band even within the same single‐crystalline area is probably caused by local inhomogeneities originating from fluctuations in impurity, e.g. oxygen, or defects concentration. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Synthesis and optical properties of Pb‐doped ZnO nanowires
Authors: Zhou Shao‐Min , Zhang Xiao‐Hong , Meng Xiang‐Min , Wu Shi‐Kang , Lee Shuit‐Tong 
Published: February 2005

AbstractZnO nanowires and related materials are promising structures for new electronic and optical applications and devices. In the present article featured as Editor's Choice [1], ZnPbO nanowires have been synthesized and studied by structural and photoluminescence investigations.The cover picture shows in the lower left part a typical transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image of a 7.26% Pb‐doped ZnO nanowire with a diameter of about 70 nm and the corresponding selected area electron diffraction pattern. The upper right figure is a high‐resolution TEM image of an individual nanowire, where the growth direction 〈001〉 is indicated by a white arrow, and a lattice spacing of about 0.26 nm is found.The corresponding author, Xiaohong Zhang, works on semiconducting materials and nanomaterials synthesis, functionalization of nanomaterials, photochemistry and photophysics, and device characterization. He is Associate Director of the Nano‐Organic Photoelectronic Laboratory in the Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Modeling the free radical polymerization of acrylates
Authors: Günaydin Hakan , Salman Seyhan , Tüzün Nurcan Şenyurt , Avci Duygu , Avi̇yente Vi̇ktorya 
Published: February 2005

AbstractAcrylates have gained importance because of their ease of conversion to high‐molecular‐weight polymers and their broad industrial use. Methyl methacrylate (MMA) is a well‐known monomer for free radical polymerization, but its α‐methyl substituent restricts the chemical modification of the monomer and therefore the properties of the resulting polymer. The presence of a heteroatom in the methyl group is known to increase the polymerizability of MMA. Methyl α‐hydroxymethylacrylate (MHMA), methyl α‐methoxymethylacrylate (MC1MA), methyl α‐acetoxymethylacrylate (MAcMA) show even better conversions to high‐molecular‐weight polymers than MMA. In contrast, the polymerization rate is known to decrease as the methyl group is replaced by ethyl in ethyl α‐hydroxymethylacrylate (EHMA) and t‐butyl in t‐butyl α‐hydroxymethylacrylate (TBHMA). In this study, quantum mechanical tools (B3LYP/6‐31G*) have been used in order to understand the mechanistic behavior of the free radical polymerization reactions of acrylates. The polymerization rates of MMA, MHMA, MC1MA, MAcMA, EHMA, TBHMA, MC1AN (α‐methoxymethyl acrylonitrile), and MC1AA (α‐methoxymethyl acrylic acid) have been evaluated and rationalized. Simple monomers such as allyl alcohol (AA) and allyl chloride (AC) have also been modeled for comparative purposes. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2005
Effect of magnetic exchange, double exchange, vibronic coupling, and asymmetry on magnetic properties in d2–d3 mixed‐valence dimers
Authors: Yang Xiaohua , Hu Haiquan , Chen Zhida 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe effect of magnetic exchange, double exchange, vibronic coupling, and asymmetry on magnetic properties of d2–d3 systems is discussed. The temperature‐dependent magnetic moment was calculated with the semiclassical adiabatic approach. The results show that the vibronic coupling from the out‐of‐phase breathing vibration on the metal sites (Piepho, Krausz, and Schatz [PKS] model) and the vibronic coupling from the stretching vibration between the metal sites (P model) favor the localization and delocalization of the “extra” electron in mixed‐valence dimers, respectively. The magnetic properties are determined by the interplay among magnetic exchange, double exchange, and vibronic coupling. The results obtained by analyzing d2–d3 systems can be generalized to other full delocalized dinuclear mixed valence systems with a unique transferable electron. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2005
Theoretical study of two C50H40 isomers with three dodecahedrane cages sharing two pentagons
Authors: Liu Feng‐Ling , Peng Ling , Zhao Jian‐Xia , Wang Shou‐Qing 
Published: February 2005

AbstractStructures, energies, and vibrational frequencies have been calculated for two C50H40 isomers with three dodecahedrane cages sharing two pentagons at the B3LYP/6‐31G* level of theory. Thus, two C50H40 isomers have the form of coplanar tri‐dodecahedrane‐cage molecules. The symmetry of one isomer is D5d and that of another is C2V. Heats of formation and vertical ionization energies for two C50H40 isomers have been estimated in this study. Heats of formation as well as vibrational analysis indicate that two C50H40 isomers enjoy sufficient stability to allow for its experimental preparation. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2005
Solid sampling technique for direct detection of condensed tannins in bark by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Ishida Yasuyuki , Kitagawa Kuniyuki , Goto Kuniyoshi , Ohtani Hajime 
Published: February 2005

AbstractA novel method for the direct analysis of condensed tannin components in bark was developed on the basis of matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI‐MS) combined with a simple solid sampling technique. The MALDI mass spectra obtained from the wood (bark) powder sample clearly showed a series of peaks corresponding to the sodium ion adducts of condensed tannin oligomers up to around m/z 3000. The results indicate that the condensed tannins in the bark sample used in this work mostly consist of combinations of flavan‐3‐ol units such as profisetinidin (PF), prorobinetinidin (PR) and prodelphinidin (PD), at least up to 10‐mers (m/z ≈3000). Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of the 13C natural abundance of CO2 gas from sparkling drinks by gas chromatography/combustion/isotope ratio mass spectrometry
Authors: Calderone Giovanni , Naulet Norbert , Guillou Claude , Reniero Fabiano , Cortes Ana Isabel Blanch 
Published: February 2005

AbstractA simple and rapid method to measure naturally occurring δ13C values of headspace CO2 of sparkling drinks has been set up, using direct injections on a gas chromatograph coupled to an isotope ratio mass spectrometer, through a combustion interface (GC/C/IRMS). We tested the method on CO2 gas from several origins. No significant isotopic fractionation was observed nor influences by secondary compounds eventually present in the gas phase. Standard deviation for these measurements was found to be <0.1‰. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.