bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microwave‐assisted synthesis of optically active poly(amide imide)s derived from diacid chloride containing epiclon and L‐leucine with aromatic diamines
Authors: Mallakpour Shadpour , Hajipour Abdol‐Reza , Zamanlou Mohammad Reza 
Published: March 2003

AbstractEpiclon [3a,4,5,7a‐tetrahydro‐7‐methyl‐5‐(tetrahydro‐2,5‐dioxo‐3‐furanyl)‐1,3‐isobenzofurandione or 5‐(2,5‐dioxotetrahydrofurfuryl)‐3‐methyl‐3‐cyclohexyl‐1,2‐dicarboxylic acid anhydride] was reacted with L‐leucine in acetic acid, and the resulting imide acid (3) was obtained in a high yield. The diacid chloride (4) was obtained from its diacid derivative 3 by a reaction with oxalyl chloride in dry carbon tetrachloride. The polycondensation reaction of 4 with several aromatic diamines, such as 4,4′‐sulfonyldianiline, 4,4′‐diaminodiphenylmethane, 4,4′‐diaminodiphenylether, p‐phenylenediamine, m‐phenylenediamine, 2,4‐diaminotoluene, and 1,5‐diaminonaphthalene, was developed with a domestic microwave oven in the presence of a small amount of a polar organic medium such as N‐methylpyrrolidone. The polymerization reactions were also performed with two other methods: low‐temperature solution polycondensation in the presence of trimethylsilyl chloride and reflux conditions. A series of optically active poly(amide imide)s with moderate yields and inherent viscosities of 0.12–0.19 dL/g were obtained. All of these polymers were fully characterized by IR, elemental analysis, and specific rotation techniques. Some structural characterizations and physical properties of these optically active poly(amide imide)s are reported. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 41: 1077–1090, 2003
Racial/ethnic differences and potential psychological benefits in use of the internet by women with breast cancer
Authors: Fogel Joshua , Albert Steven M. , Schnabel Freya , Ann Ditkoff Beth , Neugut Alfred I. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractMany websites on the Internet offer information to breast cancer patients and are increasingly being used. The authors investigated the potential psychological benefits of Internet use and how it varied as a function of race/ethnicity among 180 white, African American, and Hispanic American breast cancer patients who used the Internet for medical information. Using standardized psychological measures, as measured by the Interpersonal Support Evaluation List (ISEL), Internet use among minorities was associated with greater overall, appraisal, and tangible social support (p's<0.05) but not belonging and self‐esteem social support than among whites. No differences were observed for stress, depressive symptoms, loneliness, and coping. Since numerous studies suggest that social support may be related to survival, Internet use for breast health issues may have special clinical relevance to racial/ethnic minority groups. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Psychological and fitness changes associated with exercise participation among women with breast cancer
Authors: Pinto Bernardine M. , Clark Matthew M. , Maruyama Nancy C. , Feder Susan I. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractExercise participation has been shown to improve cardiovascular fitness and reduce psychological distress among women receiving chemotherapy and/or radiation. The purpose of this pilot study was to examine the changes in distress and body image, and fitness following exercise participation among 24 women who had been diagnosed with breast cancer within the previous 3 years. The women were randomly assigned to participate in a 12‐week supervised aerobic exercise program in a hospital setting or a wait‐list control group. Assessments of distress and body image were conducted at pre‐ and post‐treatment. Data showed that the women in the exercise group improved significantly in body image (Physical Condition and Weight Concerns subscales) vs control group participants at post‐treatment. Reductions in distress were also noted in the exercise group, but these were nonsignificant. At post‐treatment, there were modest improvements in fitness in the exercise group. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The psycho‐social impact of infertility on young male cancer survivors: a qualitative investigation
Authors: Green David , Galvin Hazel , Horne Beverley 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIntensive treatment regimes that are known to have a potential risk of infertility sometimes have to be given to boys who have aggressive malignant disease. Long‐term care must therefore include further discussion of these patients' impaired fertility. This study describes the results of a series of semi‐structured interviews with 15 young male cancer survivors regarding their experience of receiving feedback on their probable fertility status. All the interviews were conducted by a psychologist formerly uninvolved with their treatment. The interviews were analysed qualitatively using a grounded theory approach. The findings of the study are organised under four headings:(a) Emotional reaction to news of probable infertility.(b) Coping style adopted.(c) Response to the offer of semen analysis.(d) Implications for clinical practice.The results of this thematic analysis are compared to the wider research literature in oncology and health psychology. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High prevalence of asthma in preschool children in Southern Brazil: A population‐based study
Authors: Chatkin Moema N. , Menezes Ana Maria B. , Victora Cesar G. , Barros Fernando C. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe prevalence of asthma is increasing in many countries. To measure asthma's prevalence, a sample of 981 children aged 4 years old belonging to a birth cohort from 1993 was studied in Pelotas, a city in southern Brazil. A standardized questionnaire on asthma was given to the children's mothers. Information was also collected on socioeconomic level, housing conditions, genetic factors, nutritional factors, and previous infectious diseases. Current asthma (asthma diagnosed by a doctor during previous 12 months) and current wheeze (presence of wheezing during previous 12 months) were the main outcomes. The prevalence of current asthma was 18.4%, and current wheeze was 21.1%. The data were analyzed by multiple Poisson regression, and the risk factors that remained significant for both “current asthma and current wheeze” were, respectively, nonwhite color (RR = 1.41 and RR = 1.36), low maternal schooling (RR = 1.75 and RR = 1.68 for 0–4 years), history of asthma or allergy in the family (RR = 1.66 and RR = 1.85), and history of rhinitis and eczema in the child (RR = 2.11 and RR = 1.72). Male sex (RR = 1.36) and bronchiolitis (RR = 1.46) were major risk factors only for “current asthma,” while smoking in pregnancy (RR = 1.30) and low birth weight (RR = 1.45) were risk factors only for “current wheeze.” These results highlight the importance of asthma as a public health problem due to its high prevalence, and support the need of intervention programs against preventable risk factors. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2003; 35:296–301. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Late‐onset respiratory distress after inhalation of laundry detergent
Authors: Wheeler Derek S. , Bonny Andrea E. , Ruddy Richard M. , Jacobs Brian R. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAccidental poisoning with household cleaning products can pose significant risks to children. Exposure to granular laundry detergents accounts for a number of calls each year to poison control centers, though few of these exposures result in hospitalization. While caustic gastrointestinal injury resulting from ingestion of these highly alkaline cleaning agents is well‐recognized, few reports address the potential damage to the respiratory tract that can occur following ingestion or inhalation of granular laundry detergent. We present a previously healthy 1‐year‐old who presented to the emergency department with Late‐onset stridor and increased work of breathing following presumed inhalation of granular laundry detergent. Parents, primary care providers, and emergency department physicians need to be aware of the potential toxicity of these widely used household products. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2003; 35:323–325. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Good estimation of arterial carbon dioxide by end‐tidal carbon dioxide monitoring in the neonatal intensive care unit
Authors: Wu Chia‐Hua , Chou Hung‐Chieh , Hsieh Wu‐Shiun , Chen Wai‐Kong , Huang Pei‐Yu , Tsao Po‐Nien 
Published: March 2003

AbstractEnd‐tidal carbon dioxide pressure (PetCO2) was measured in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) to assess its reliability and accuracy in predicting arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2). Arterial blood was drawn for gas analysis and compared with exhaled CO2 measured by mainstream capnography. In total, 130 PetCO2/PaCO2 comparisons were obtained from 61 patients (20 term and 41 preterm infants). PetCO2 was significantly different from PaCO2 (PetCO2 = 42.3 ± 10.5 mmHg vs. PaCO2 = 45.8 ± 12.3 mmHg, P < 0.001, mean ± SD). The overall PetCO2 bias (mean ± SD) was 3.5 ± 7.1 mmHg. There was a positive correlation between PetCO2 and PaCO2 (n = 130, r = 0.818, P < 0.001) in both term (n = 44, r = 0.779, P < 0.001) and preterm infants (n = 86, r = 0.849, P < 0.001). The PetCO2 biases (95% CI) were 3.5 ± 9.0 mmHg (0.8–6.2) in the term group and 3.4 ± 6.0 mmHg (2.2–4.7) in the preterm group. Therefore, PetCO2 was a valid and reliable method for monitoring PaCO2 in neonates, especially preterm infants. This method decreases blood loss and prevents complications associated with arterial catheters. In conclusion, we recommend using mainstream capnography to monitor PetCO2 instead of measuring PaCO2 in the NICU. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2003; 35:292–295. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Multiresistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a pediatric cystic fibrosis center: Natural history and implications for segregation
Authors: Davies G. , McShane D. , Davies J.C. , Bush A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIt has been suggested that cystic fibrosis (CF) patients harboring multiresistant (MR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) should be seen in separate clinics. The aim of this study was to test the feasibility of this by longitudinally studying the consistency of isolates of MRPA in individuals. We analyzed all respiratory tract cultures undertaken in 1 year from a pediatric CF clinic population (n = 367). PA was classified as MR according to the definition of the American CF Foundation: resistance to all agents in at least two of the following groups of antibiotics: β‐lactams, aminoglycosides, and fluroquinolones. PA was cultured from 96 children during the year of study. Thirty‐six were infected with at least one MR strain. Following initial identification of MRPA, MR in subsequent cultures was highly variable. Twenty‐three of 36 patients had subsequent cultures in which PA was identified. However, 21 of 23 patients had at least one isolate that was not MR following detection of MRPA. The variability with time in isolation of MR strains from individuals demonstrates the potential difficulties in designing segregation policies based on antibiotic sensitivity patterns. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2003; 35:253–256. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc
Differential cytology of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in asthmatic children
Authors: Najafi N. , Demanet C. , Dab I. , De Waele M. , Malfroot A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAlthough asthma usually begins in childhood, limited information is available as to the inflammatory reaction of asthmatic children compared to adults and the influence of age. We investigated the cytology of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in 39 newly diagnosed wheezy children (minimum of 3 wheezing episodes during last 6 months): 21 allergic and 18 nonallergic subjects. None had received antiinflammatory treatment. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed, instilling 0.5 ml·kg−1 body weight of warmed saline in 4 successive fractions. The first 2 aliquots (BALF 1) were pooled for microbiology and cytology, and the last 2 (BALF 2) for cytology only. Recovery correlated inversely with age, the most significant being for BALF 2 (r = −0.52, P = 0.001). Children under 2 years of age had larger amounts of ciliated columnar and goblet cells (P = 0.0074). Other cell types did not show age dependency. Differential cytology was characterized by a high number of creola bodies, bronchial epithelial cells (M = 68 × 103·ml−1, R = 5–349), and neutrophils (M = 92 × 103·ml−1, R = 0–1,257). Eosinophils were the only cells distinguishing allergic from nonallergic subjects (P = 0.003). The 16 children with positive microbiology had more neutrophils than the noninfected (P = 0.008), the latter still having more neutrophils than found in adults. These data suggest a limited age dependency in BALF cytology. Differential cytology in BALF might be helpful in differentiating asthma in children. Neutrophil inflammation might be more important than in adults. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2003; 35:302–308. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Spectral Acquisition and Calibration Techniques for the Measurement of Radiative Flux Incident upon Propellant
Authors: Taylor Michael J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA technique for the absolute calibration of a time‐resolved spectrographic system has been developed at QinetiQ, specifically designed to be relevant to spectral acquisition from within the interior of translucent gun‐propellant samples. The technique has shown itself to be particularly useful in the realm of propellant ignition as it allows for the precise determination of the moment that propellant combustion processes begin, as well as measuring the incident radiative flux leading up to ignition. Scope exists to extend its use for high‐pressure measurements of the incident radiative flux during both conventional propellant burn and high‐powered electrothermal‐chemical (ETC) discharges. This paper sets out to describe both the technique and some of the pitfalls encountered during the development of the technique. The use of this technique in some of the experimental work performed at QinetiQ, including the results of measurements that compare the incident radiative flux with propellant ignition during both ETC discharges and conventional gunpowder burn, have been published separately; references for this experimental work are given in this paper.
Direct Measurement of Radiative Flux Incident upon Propellant during Plasma Propellant Interactions
Authors: Taylor Michael J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThis paper sets out to describe some of the experimental work performed at QinetiQ, exploring the potential of electrothermal‐chemical (ETC) gun technology. Work performed primarily by the Fraunhofer‐Institut für Chemische Technologie (ICT) and supported by Technologiezentrum Nord (TZN), both in Germany, has been repeated and extended. Their work, which used aluminium plasma initiation wires, showed internal damage was being done to the structure of propellant grains with translucent (but not opaque) propellant formulations, both in exploding wire‐in‐air and in exploding wire closed vessel tests. This damage was shown to increase the gas generation rate in closed vessel tests. That work demonstrated the potential to use ETC plasma to alter the gas generation rate during combustion. If this could be achieved, then the piezometric efficiency of a gun system could be increased.
Minimum‐error strategy for discriminating between subsets of nonorthogonal quantum states
Authors: Herzog U. , Bergou J.A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe consider a quantum system that is prepared, with a given a priori probability, in a pure state that belongs to a known set of N nonorthogonal quantum states. We study a minimum‐error measurement for assigning the state of the system to one or the other of two complementary subsets of the set of the given states. For the case that the N states span a Hilbert space that is only two‐dimensional, a simple analytical solution is derived for the minimum error probability and the optimum measurement strategy. If one of the subsets contains only a single state, the measurement is referred to as quantum state filtering. Our general result is applied to investigate minimum‐error quantum state filtering of three arbitrary linearly dependent states. Moreover, we discuss a generalized measurement for performing minimum‐error filtering of three special linearly independent states.
Gauge‐independent quantum dynamics on phase‐space of charged scalar particles
Authors: Varró S. , Javanainen J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractOn the basis of the Hamiltonian form of the Klein‐Gordon equation of a charged scalar particle field introduced by Feshbach and Villars, the gauge‐invariant 2×2 Wigner matrix has been constructed whose diagonal elements describe positive and negative charge densities and the off‐diagonal elements correspond to cross‐densities in phase‐space. The system of coupled transport equations has been derived in case of interaction with an arbitrary external electromagnetic field. A gauge‐independent generalization of the free particle representation due to Feshbach and Villars is given, and on the basis of it both the nonrelativistic and the classical limits of the general relativistic quantum Boltzmann‐Vlasov equation(RQBVE) is discussed. In the non‐relativistic limit (p/mc→0) the set of equations of motion decouple to two independent quantum transport equations describing the dynamics of oppositely charged positon and negaton densities separately. In the classical limit(ℏ→0) two relativistic Boltzmann‐Vlasov equations result for the diagonal positon and negaton densities. It is obtained that, though in the latter equations the Planck constant ℏ is absent, the real part of the cross‐density does not vanish.
Ferromagnetic monolayers: a fresh look at fundamentals
Authors: Baberschke Klaus 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe preparation of single ferromagnetic layers in ultrahigh vacuum provides interesting new phenomena in magnetism. Three examples will be given: (i) Pseudomorphic growth of Ni, Co, Fe on fcc‐Cu single crystals produces ferromagnets with tetragonal and trigonal symmetry. This enlarges the magnetic anisotropy energy (hard magnets) by several orders of magnitude. (ii) In two‐dimensional ferromagnetic films the spin‐fluctuations are much more dominant than in bulk ferromagnets. As a result the magnetic ordering temperature of coupled ferromagnets can be shifted by 50–100 K. (iii) By varying the film thickness the Curie‐temperature can be shifted to any convenient value. This allows to study in a detailed manner critical phenomena, e.g. the critical exponent γ for Fe/V‐multilayers.
Non‐Fermi liquid behavior in CeRhSn coexistent with magnetic order
Authors: Ślebarski A. , Jezierski A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe discuss the electronic structure of CeRhSn which is dependent on the atomic disorder. We conclude, that the non‐Fermi liquid temperature dependences in the specific heat, magnetic susceptibility and electrical resistivity at low temperatures can be related to the proximity of a magnetic state which depends on the degree of atomic order in this compound.
Lattice Green function for electrons in magnetic field
Authors: Maśka Maciej M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe energy spectrum of electrons on a square lattice in an applied magnetic field composes the famous Hofstadter butterfly with a recursive internal subband structure. An effective method for calculating the Green function for such a system is proposed. The standard approach requires an explicit knowledge of the eigenstates and eigenenergies of the system; here we derive a Harper‐like equation, that allows us to calculate the Green function for the lattice electrons in the field directly. The method is particularly useful in the weak‐field regime, where the standard calculations are cumbersome.
Non‐collinear magnetic structures under pressure
Authors: Duraj M. , Szytuła A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBased on a phenomenological mean‐field model, magnetic properties of Mn sublattice have been studied. The structure consists of two equivalent sublattices canted with 2θ. The free energy contains the exchange energy (with fourth‐order term), the elastic energy, the entropy term and the pressure term. The model preasumes a linear dependence of exchange energy on volume (or pressure). The conditions for stability of the canted arrangement are disscused.
Quantum and thermal effects in the double exchange ferromagnet
Authors: Shannon N. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe physics of the ferromagnetic phase of the “double exchange” model has been widely discussed in the context of the CMR manganites. Usually, the double exchange ferromagnet is treated is classically, by mapping it onto an effective Heisenberg model. However this mapping does not permit a correct treatment of quantum or thermal fluctuation effects, and the results obtained lack many of the interesting features seen in experiments on the manganites. Here we outline a new analytic approach to systematically evaluating quantum and thermal corrections to the magnetic and electronic properties of the double exchange ferromagnet.
The dependence of the auto‐oscillation frequency of parametric spin waves on the pumping power and inter mode interaction strengths
Authors: Laulicht I. , Sloutskin E. , Bishop S. R. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractComputer simulations of spin waves parametric excitations are carried out in the framework of the two modes model. The dependence of the auto‐oscillation (AO) frequency, f, on the pumping amplitude h is investigated. The results support the expression of Lvov et al. for this dependence in cases when the parametric excitation threshold, hth is very close to the auto‐oscillation threshold hosc. In cases when hosc is considerably larger than hth, a much better fit is obtained to a slightly modified expression: f = f0 + B([h/hosc]2 –1)0.5 where f0 is the onset frequency and B is a constant. Support is given to the idea of Lvov et al. that auto oscillation evolves from an oscillation that is damped below hosc and becomes self sustained at hosc. We find that τCO, the decay time of AO below hosc exhibits a critical slowing down power law: τCO ∝ (1 – h/hosc )–2.2. The dependence of f on the inter mode interaction strengths when h is constant, satisfies the expression: f = D + C/(E + 2T11 + S11 + 2T12 + S12) where D, C, and E are constants and T11, T12, S11, and S12 are the inter mode interaction strengths. This result supports the conjecture that the dependence of the auto‐oscillation frequency on the physical parameters is very similar to that of N0, the steady state value of the total number of parametric excitations.
Theoretical study on the adsorption of aromatic compounds on platinum clusters
Authors: De Souza P. R. N. , Aranda D. A. G. , De M. Carneiro J. W. , Da S. B. De Oliveira C. , Antunes O. A. C. , Passos F. B. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractB3 LYP hybrid functional with LACVP* pseudopotential was applied for the optimization of geometries of complexes resulting from interaction of benzene, pyridine, naphthalene, and quinoline with Ptn (n = 4, 7) clusters. For benzene‐containing complexes, the most stable form corresponds to a bridge adsorption, with benzene undergoing considerable geometric distortions, assuming a boat‐like conformation. CH bonds are bended upward from the plane of the cluster. CC bonds stretch, especially when they form π‐complexes with low coordinated Pt atoms. Some arrangements for pyridine complexes involving the N atom of the organic moiety undergo further distortions, apparently preserving a formal CN π bond. Except for that distortion, the behavior of any heteroaromatic complex is similar to that of benzene in the same arrangement. The quinoline–Pt7 complex can suitably be used for simulation of the cinchonidine (CD) anchorage over Pt. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2003