bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fiddler Crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Ocypodidae) From Coastal Ecuador and the Galápagos Islands: Species Descriptions and DNA Barcodes
Authors: Thurman Carl L. , McNamara John C. , Shih Hsi‐Te , Capparelli Mariana V. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTNeotropical regions near the equator are recognized as speciation “hot spots” reflecting their abundant biodiversity. In western South America, the coasts of Panama, Colombia, Ecuador, the Galápagos Archipelago, and northern Peru form the Tropical Eastern Pacific biome. This area has the greatest heterogeneity of sympatric fiddler crab species of any portion of the planet. Since the coastal fauna has not been assessed for almost 50 years, we studied fiddler crab species diversity in Ecuador and on the Galápagos Archipelago. Preserved collecting records for various species were examined at the U.S. National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, the American Museum of Natural History, New York, and the Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, the Netherlands. During a field study, 51 locations were collected resulting in over 870 preserved specimens (120 lots) along the 2237‐km (1390 mi) coast of Ecuador and on three Galápagos Islands. A neighbor‐joining tree was constructed using the Kimura 2‐parameter model with a partial DNA sequence of the cytochrome oxidase‐subunit 1 gene (COI) for a barcoding study. Twenty‐five taxa were collected during the surveys, while two more were noted from the literature and museum collections. Five published species are new to Ecuador. The species assemblage was divided among four genera: Uca, Leptuca, Minuca, and Petruca. Morphological definitions and photographic images are given for 27 species. COI sequences were obtained for 27 operational taxonomic units from Ecuador, with three morphologically indistinguishable cryptic or pseudocryptic taxa also revealed. Based on species distributions, it appears that the area between Cabo San Lorenzo and Punta Santa Elena serves as a weak barrier separating some “northern” from “southern” taxa. Since coastal Ecuador is undergoing rapid economic development, the construction of maricultural facilities and the deforestation of mangroves promote wholesale habitat destruction. As habitat diversity is reduced, it is expected that there will be, in general, a local decline in fiddler crab species diversity with some taxa becoming rare or extinct.
Spatio‐Temporal Patterns of Hybridization in an Alloploid Salamander (Ambystomatidae: Ambystoma) and Conservation Implications of Introgression in a Unisexual Vertebrate
Authors: Laserna Alessa V. , Phillips Christopher A. , Kuhns Andrew R. , Davis Mark A. , Corush Joel B. , Paige Ken N. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTMaynard Smith's proposed two‐fold cost of sex states that one of the disadvantages of clonal reproduction is the decreased ability to persist in dynamic ecosystems. However, the long‐term persistence of some clonal alloploid lineages suggests that these lineages may not always be so ephemeral in nature. Understanding the stability of these lineages over time can inform our understanding of the advantages of an asexual mode of life. Here we investigate a gynogenetic allopolyploid triploid, the Silvery Salamander (LJJ—historically referred to as Ambystoma platineum), an asexual lineage closely related to A. barbouri. However, in our focal populations, neither parental species is present, and another sexual host, A. texanum (TT), is a required sperm donor. Gynogenetic reproduction involving LJJ and its host A. texanum should result in a clone of the mother (LJJ); however, with the occurrence of kleptogenesis, it often can result in tetraploid hybrids (LJJT). LJJ is considered endangered in this population due to its restricted range coupled with concerns that the cryptic tetraploid (LJJT) could completely replace LJJ. Here we assess the level of LJJ × A. texanum hybridization in nine ephemeral wetland populations in east central Illinois. Using species‐specific microsatellite loci, we compared the prevalence of LJJ and LJJT genotypes across localities and years. We find variation across ponds and developmental stages but suggest relative stability over time. Given the considerable amount of environmental degradation and loss, we suggest continued monitoring of this unique segment of biodiversity to ensure its persistence into the future.
Genetic Evidence of Killer Whale Predation on White Sharks in Australia
Authors: Reeves Isabella M. , Weeks Andrew R. , Towner Alison V. , Impey Rachael , Fish Jessica J. , Clark Zach S. R. , Butcher Paul A. , Meyer Lauren , Donnelly David M. , Huveneers Charlie , Hudson Nicky , Miller Adam D. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTKiller whales (Orcinus orca) have been documented to prey on white sharks (Carcharodon carcharias), in some cases causing localised shark displacement and triggering ecological cascades. Notably, a series of such predation events have been reported from South Africa over the last decade, with killer whales specifically targeting sharks' liver. However, observations of these interactions are rare, and knowledge of their frequency across the world's oceans remains limited. In October 2023, a 4.7 m (total length) white shark carcass washed ashore in southeastern Australia, coinciding with reports from citizen scientists of killer whales hunting a large, unidentified prey item in the area. Visual inspection of the carcass revealed that the liver, digestive, and reproductive organs were missing, and the presence of four distinctive bite wounds, one of which was characteristic of killer whale liver extraction as seen in South Africa. Genomic analyses performed on swabs taken from the bite wounds confirmed the presence of killer whale DNA in the major bite area, while the other bites were embedded with genetic material from the scavenging broadnose sevengill shark (Notorynchus cepedianus). These results provide confirmed evidence of killer whale predation on white sharks in Australia and the likely selective consumption of the liver, suggesting predations of this nature are more globally prevalent than currently assumed.
Hotter temperatures alter riparian plant outcomes under regulated river conditions
Authors: Palmquist Emily C. , Ogle Kiona , Butterfield Bradley J. , Whitham Thomas G. , Allan Gerard J. , Shafroth Patrick B. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractClimate change and river regulation alter environmental controls on riparian plant occurrence and cover worldwide. Simultaneous changes to river flow and air temperature could result in unanticipated plant responses to novel environmental conditions. Increasing temperature could alter riparian plant response to hydrology and other factors, while river regulation may exacerbate environmental stress through novel flows like those resulting from power generation. Further, plant establishment and growth may require differing conditions, which may be decoupled by novel conditions. Using a large dataset that spans a natural 5°C mean annual temperature (MAT) gradient and a Bayesian model that integrates plant occurrence and cover, we address four questions: (1) Does hotter MAT modify plant response to hydrology, substrate composition, topography, and cover of co‐occurring plant species? (2) Does the timing of hydropower tides benefit some species over others? (3) Does dam‐induced erosion hinder riparian species more than upland species? (4) Do occurrence and cover respond to different environmental variables, allowing for decoupling of life history processes? We addressed these questions with data collected along 364 km of the Colorado River downstream of Glen Canyon Dam, Arizona, United States of America. Occurrence and cover class were recorded in >10,000 plots from 2016 to 2020, along with environmental covariates that repeat across the climate gradient. For 36 species, plant occurrence and cover were modeled with respect to MAT, hydrology, substrate, topography, other plant cover, and their interactions with MAT. There were four key results. (1) Increasing MAT will not only directly influence plants but will mediate their responses to the environment, including greater dependence on stable water supplies. (2) The timing of hydropower tides shapes plant community composition. (3) Dam‐related erosion has an outsized effect on riparian species, which could lead to a loss of regionally unique plant species. (4) For all species, the most important covariates driving occurrence differed from those for cover, suggesting the potential for these life stages to be decoupled. Not only will climate change and river regulation independently alter plant distributions, interactions among hotter temperature, dam‐controlled flow patterns, and limited fine sediments will determine which species flourish or perish under future conditions.
Photoinduced DNA Cleavage Using Bioinspired Photostable Flavin Analogues
Authors: Mondal Dipayan , Kumar Mishra Ashutosh 
Published: January 2025

AbstractInspired by the photosensitization capability of the naturally occurring flavin derivatives, viz. riboflavin (RF), flavin mononucleotide (FMN), flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and their photodegradation susceptibility due to the presence of ribityl/phosphate group; the current manuscript investigates the N10‐modified flavin analogues for their reactive oxygen species (ROS) generating capability and DNA cleavage activity, when irradiated with blue light. The effectiveness of superoxide anion generating property of photoexcited flavin analogs were determined using nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) and gallic acid quenching experiments. Among the flavin analogues studied, the simple propylflavin (PFl) was found to be most photostable and efficient in the conditions studied. The carboxyl‐flavin (10Flc) displays behavior like that of FMN while the flavin‐aspartic acid conjugate (FA) was found to show properties in between the PFl and the 10Flc.
Autism, ADHD, and Their Traits in Adults With Bulimia Nervosa and Binge Eating Disorder: A Scoping Review
Authors: Makin Lauren , Zesch Elisa , Meyer Adia , Mondelli Valeria , Tchanturia Kate 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis review maps existing literature on the prevalence of autism and ADHD in adult patients with Bulimia Nervosa (BN) and Binge Eating Disorder (BED); patient and stakeholder perspectives on this comorbidity; clinical differences in this population; and potential treatment adaptations or adjunct therapies. This is with the aim to inform future research priorities to improve clinical practice.MethodAs pre‐registered, and following PRISMA guidelines, six databases (Embase, MEDLINE via Ovid, PsycINFO, Web of Science, CENTRAL, and Scopus) were searched for studies regarding autism and/or ADHD (diagnosed, probable, or traits) in adult patients with BN or BED. Screening and data extraction were conducted twice independently for each record.ResultsTwenty‐nine studies were included, with 25,416 participants, mostly women (69.3%). Thirteen prevalence studies suggested autism and ADHD are more common in BN or BED than non‐ED populations. One study explored the expert perspectives on autism and ADHD in BED, while 15 studies considered treatment options, mainly medications.ConclusionThis review highlights a need for more research on the experiences, clinical differences, and non‐medical treatment options for Autistic/ADHD patients with BN or BED. Findings suggest these conditions commonly co‐occur but remain under‐explored in terms of patient‐centred interventions and clinical outcomes.
Lightweight Natural Fiber Insulation Boards Produced with Kapok Fiber (Ceiba Pentandra) and Polylactic Acid or Bicomponent Fiber as a Binder
Authors: Cárdenas‐Oscanoa Aldo Joao , Bonaccurso Elmar , Machunze Wolfgang , Euring Markus , Zhang Kai 
Published: January 2025

AbstractTraditionally, kapok fiber is employed as filling for soft pillows, bedding, and diverse elements. Due to its buoyancy and proportion between cell wall and lumen, it is also applied as buoyant material in life vests and insulation materials. This study examine slightweight insulation panels produced from kapok fibers. Lightweight insulation boards are produced by hot‐air using kapok fibers (95%) bonded with polylactic acid or bicomponent fiber (5%), achieving very low densities of 10,15, and 20 kg.m−3. The technological attributes like density, porosity, water absorption, wettability, compression, and thermal conductivity, are evaluated against commercial glass wool. In terms of water absorption rates, there is a direct correlation with density. All the variables reach short‐term water absorption values less than 1 kg.m−2, which are comparable to commercial standards. This can be attributed to the lower density, higher porosity of the samples, and the inherent hydrophobic wax layer in the cell wall surface of kapok fibers. This trend is also evident in wettability tests, where produced boards demonstrated water‐repellency when exposed to water. Regarding the mechanical property of compression, neither the binder nor the density significantly impacts compression strength. The thermal conductivity performance of kapok‐based boards is comparable with commercially available ones.
Cross‐Sectional Comparison of Structural MRI Markers of Impairment in a Diverse Cohort of Older Adults
Authors: Wisch Julie K. , Petersen Kalen , Millar Peter R. , Abdelmoity Omar , Babulal Ganesh M. , Meeker Karin L. , Braskie Meredith N. , Yaffe Kristine , Toga Arthur W. , O'Bryant Sid , Ances Beau M. ,   the HABS‐HD Study Team
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTNeurodegeneration is presumed to be the pathological process measure most proximal to clinical symptom onset in Alzheimer Disease (AD). Structural MRI is routinely collected in research and clinical trial settings. Several quantitative MRI‐based measures of atrophy have been proposed, but their low correspondence with each other has been previously documented. The purpose of this study was to identify which commonly used structural MRI measure (hippocampal volume, cortical thickness in AD signature regions, or brain age gap [BAG]) had the best correspondence with the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) in an ethno‐racially diverse sample. 2870 individuals recruited by the Healthy and Aging Brain Study—Health Disparities completed both structural MRI and CDR evaluation. Of these, 1887 individuals were matched on ethno‐racial identity (Mexican American [MA], non‐Hispanic Black [NHB], and non‐Hispanic White [NHW]) and CDR (27% CDR > 0). We estimated brain age using two pipelines (DeepBrainNet, BrainAgeR) and then calculated BAG as the difference between the estimated brain age and chronological age. We also quantified their hippocampal volumes using HippoDeep and cortical thicknesses (both an AD‐specific signature and average whole brain) using FreeSurfer. We used ordinal regression to evaluate associations between neuroimaging measures and CDR and to test whether these associations differed between ethno‐racial groups. Higher BAG (pDeepBrainNet = 0.0002; pBrainAgeR = 0.00117) and lower hippocampal volume (p = 0.0015) and cortical thickness (p < 0.0001) were associated with worse clinical status (higher CDR). AD signature cortical thickness had the strongest relationship with CDR (AICDeepBrainNet = 2623, AICwhole cortex = 2588, AICBrainAgeR = 2533, AICHippocampus = 2293, AICSignature Cortical Thickness = 1903). The relationship between CDR and atrophy measures differed between ethno‐racial groups for both BAG estimates and hippocampal volume, but not for cortical thickness. We interpret the lack of an interaction between ethno‐racial identity and AD signature cortical thickness on CDR as evidence that cortical thickness effectively captures sources of disease‐related atrophy that may differ across racial and ethnic groups. Cortical thickness had the strongest association with CDR. These results suggest that cortical thickness may be a more sensitive and generalizable marker of neurodegeneration than hippocampal volume or BAG in ethno‐racially diverse cohorts.
Surgery for the Treatment of HPV‐Negative Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma—A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: McArdle Erica , Bulbul Mustafa , Collins Chantz , Duvvuri Umamaheswar , Gross Neil , Turner Meghan 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundHuman papillomavirus (HPV) negative oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is associated with worse survival when compared to HPV‐positive OPSCC. Primary surgery is one option to intensify therapy in this high‐risk group of patients. Unfortunately, the only randomized trial to explore this approach (RTOG 1221) failed to accrue and the role of primary surgery in the treatment of HPV‐negative OPSCC remains unanswered.MethodsA systematic review and meta‐analysis were performed to examine the outcomes of surgery in the treatment of HPV‐negative OPSCC. We used the PRISMA statement for reporting and queried Pubmed, Web of Science and the Cochrane databases for studies examining the use of primary surgery in the treatment of HPV‐negative OPSCC. Excluded from analysis were reviews, commentaries, case series with fewer than 10 patients, and studies that included HPV‐negative head and neck cancers of mixed sites. Our primary outcomes were 2‐year and 5‐year overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS). OS and DFS were pooled using meta‐analysis of proportions.ResultsA total of 15 studies were included in qualitative synthesis and 11 were included in the meta‐analysis. There were 923 patients total included. Eight studies including 483 patients reported staging of HPV negative disease, of which 81.6% had T1/T2 tumors and 41.4% had N0 nodal disease. The average rate of positive margins was 12.6%. The average rate of patients who underwent risk‐stratified adjuvant RT was 30.7% and CRT was 29.5%. The average follow‐up was 32.7 months (SD = 12.47 months). Only two studies reported survival outcomes for HPV‐negative disease based on overall staging: 5‐year OS was improved for stage III versus stage IV and early versus late stage disease.The pooled 2‐ and 5‐year OS were 84% (95% CI 77%–91%, I2 = 52.4%; 5 studies) and 72% (95% CI 46%–92%, I2 = 95.5%; 4 studies), respectively. The pooled 2‐ and 5‐year DFS for the entire population were 77% (95% CI 66%–86%, I2 = 55%; 6 studies) and 59% (95% CI 50%–69%, I2 = 0%; 3 studies). Of the subgroup undergoing TOS alone, the pooled 2‐ and 5‐year OS were 87% (95% CI 79%–93%, I2 = 46.8%; 4 studies) and 82% (95% CI 69%–92%, I2 = 74.2%; 3 studies). The pooled 2‐ and 5‐year DFS for the subgroup of patients undergoing TOS alone were 78% (95% CI 63%–90%, I2 = 56%; 4 studies) and 59% (95% CI 47%–71%, I2 = undetermined; 2 studies).ConclusionsThe two‐ and five‐year OS for patients with HPV‐negative OPSCC treated with any surgical approach and pathology‐directed adjuvant therapy is 84% and 72%, respectively. The two‐ and five‐year OS for HPV‐negative OPCSCC treated with transoral surgery and pathology‐directed adjuvant therapy is 87% and 82%, respectively.
Human Skin Burn Intensity Resulting From Various Incidents Utilizing Bioheat Transfer Model: A Comparative Analogy
Authors: Hossain Md. Alamgir , Nasrin R. , Alatawi Eid S. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTUnderstanding how human skin reacts to heat is vital for effective burn prevention and treatment. This study uses a bioheat transfer model to develop a comparative analogy to differentiate burn intensity from hot dishes, hot fluids, radiation, and flash fires, aiming to differentiate the burn profiles of each incident type. The finite element method is employed to solve the time‐dependent Pennes' bioheat transport equation concerning the three distinct layers of human skin. The Arrhenius equation is implemented to quantify the damage fraction associated with thermal burns. The burn intensities for the degrees of burns (first, second, and third) are evaluated by applying Henriques burn integral, considering various burning conditions and the corresponding exposure times required for each burn. The numerical results are displayed in various formats, including volume temperature plots and line graphs of damage fraction. The findings reveal that first‐degree burns occur the fastest, followed by second‐degree burns, with third‐degree burns taking the longest to develop. Notably, burns from direct contact with a hot dish are more severe than those from freely flowing heated fluids. The results highlight that exposure time, temperature, and thermal conductivity are key factors in burn depth and tissue damage, offering valuable insights for burn treatment and risk management. The outcomes will effectively predict burn consequences, making it useful in burn injury treatment and safety engineering.
Integrating UAV and Multisource Satellite Remote Sensing to Estimate Long‐Term River Discharge in High‐Mountain Basins
Authors: Gu Pengfei , Liao Aimin , Wu Yongxiang , Xu Yi , Wu Wei , Wang Gaoxu , Liu Hongwei , Hu Pengcheng , Zhang Xuan 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIn high‐mountain basins with complex underlying surface, harsh climate and difficult transportation, the conventional monitoring methods are less applicable, and it is also difficult to construct, operate and maintain ground observation stations. This has led to an extreme lack of ground hydrological data, which has restricted the understanding of hydrological processes in alpine basins. This study presents an integrated method for estimating long time‐series discharge using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and satellite remote sensing (Satellite‐RS). The method can integrate the refined observation capabilities of UAVs with the long time‐series observation capabilities of Satellite‐RS, and the discharge is estimated entirely by UAVs and Satellite‐RS information without relying on ground‐based measured discharge data. To test this method, six reaches within the main stream and tributaries of the Yarlung Zangbo River (YZR) were selected. The results indicate that the mean relative error (MRE) of UAV‐measured river discharge is consistently below 20%, however, larger errors occur for rivers with low water levels and narrow river widths. To address the limitations of the UAV‐based measurement method in capturing discharge variations over time, a discharge estimation formula was devised using the remotely sensed river width as an input variable. At‐a‐section river widths were derived from high‐resolution satellite images (i.e., Landsat‐8, Sentinel‐1, Sentinel‐2 and GF‐2). By integrating the highly precise observations obtained from UAVs with the long time‐series river widths obtained from multisource Satellite‐RS, long time‐series discharge data were estimated at several typical cross‐sections along the YZR. The Nash‐Sutcliffe efficiency values for the discharge estimates ranged from 0.72 to 0.92 during the study period (2014–2020). The results can provide data in support of the study of the YZR discharge composition analysis and other scientific issues, and also offer a theoretical and methodological basis for discharge observations in other high‐mountain basins around the world.