bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combination of bulk storage in controlled and modified atmospheres with modified atmosphere packaging system for chilled whole gutted hake
Authors: Ruiz‐Capillas Claudia , Morales Javier , Moral Antonio 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWhole gutted hake placed in boxes of ice were kept in modified and controlled atmospheres for 12 days with the gas mixture 60%CO2/15%O2/25%N2 (v/v/v) at 2 ± 1 °C. Each lot of hake was then subdivided into two other lots and these were packed on trays, some of them in air and some in the same mixture of gases. The trays were kept at 2 °C until spoilage. The shelf‐life of the hake stored in these conditions was assessed by physical (pH), chemical (TVBN (total volatile basic nitrogen) and TMA‐N (trimethylamine nitrogen)) and sensory (inspection and taste panel) analyses. The results of these analyses indicated that the control lot (stored in air throughout) was rejected before the lots kept in adjusted atmospheres. However, the taste panel accepted all the lots, including the control lot, after 24 days of storage. The sample which was kept at 2 °C in a controlled atmosphere for 12 days and then packed in a modified atmosphere of the same gas mixture did not exceed pH 7 after 31 days of storage, nor the limits of TVBN and TMA‐N of 40 and 12 mg per 100 g respectively. As regards oxidative rancidity, TBA (2‐thiobarbituric acid) levels were very low under all storage conditions and did not exceed 2.5 mg malonaldehyde per 100 g muscle. According to the results of this study, bulk storage of whole gutted hake in boxes in ice under a controlled atmosphere could be combined with later packaging in a modified atmosphere on trays stored at 2 °C to extend the shelf‐life of the hake.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Reactions of chickpea to water stress: yield and seed composition
Authors: Behboudian M Hossein , Ma Qifu , Turner Neil C , Palta Jairo A 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDrought after podding is a common feature of chickpea production in south‐western Australia. We studied the effect of water stress, imposed after podding, on yield and on the accumulation of amino acids and soluble sugars in seeds. Although terminal water stress decreased the total plant dry mass and seed yield by 23% and 30% respectively, it had no effect on the mass of individual pods and seeds which remained on the plant after the imposition of stress treatment. The deleterious effect of water stress on yield was due to increased pod abortion and a decrease in pod formation. Water stress improved the seed's nutritive value in terms of higher accumulation of soluble sugars, amino acids and proteins.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Formulation of an oat‐based fermented product and its comparison with yoghurt
Authors: Mårtensson O , Andersson C , Andersson K , Öste R , Holst O 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn an attempt to develop a fermented, non‐dairy product based on oats, a new kind of oat base, Adavena® M40, was fermented with two different yoghurt cultures. Adavena® M40 is a concentrated liquid (with a dry matter content of 16 or 18%) derived entirely from oats, with maltose as the main carbohydrate source and an intact β‐glucan content. The oat base was heat treated for 5 min at 85 °C prior to inoculation. Additives in the form of stabiliser, fat and flavours were used. Texture, syneresis, colour and sensory parameters were evaluated. Yoghurt was used as a control. The final product had an acidity and viscosity similar to those of yoghurt. Addition of xanthan gum (0.03% w/v) improved the texture and overall appearance of the product. The product had the same texture as yoghurt but showed less syneresis. The mixture was less white than the control. The oat‐based, yoghurt‐like product showed high acceptability in terms of acidity, texture and overall appearance. The addition of flavours resulted in a higher acceptance of the final products by the panellists. The β‐glucan content was still high after the fermentation process. The results indicated the potential for a new, fermentable, oat‐based product with high acceptance and a high final β‐glucan content.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Solid‐pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas (Frantz tumor) in children: Report of four cases and review of the literature
Authors: Rebhandl Winfried , Felberbauer Franz Xaver , Puig Stefan , Paya Kurosh , Hochschorner Silvia , Barlan Murat , Horcher Ernst 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundSolid‐pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas (SPT) is an exceptionally rare neoplasm in children. Its origin remains enigmatic. It is of low malignant potential and occurs most frequently in young females.Patients and MethodsA cumulative review of the tumor's clinicopathological characteristics from the world's literature is presented. The clinical course, pathohistologic data and outcome of surgery of four Austrian children treated at the general hospital of Vienna are analyzed.ResultsBetween 1987 and 1999, four girls (age: 12–16 years) with SPT were diagnosed at our institution. All patients presented with an abdominal mass and uncharacteristic abdominal pain. Two tumors were located in the tail, one in the body and tail and one in the head of the pancreas (diameter: 7–15 cm). Surgical procedures included three distal pancreatectomies and one partial duodenopancreatectomy (Whipple procedure). One patient had two recurrences with metastases that could only be partially resected. Chemotherapy was initiated for this patient. In the follow‐up period (range: 6 months to 12 years) all patients are alive with no evidence of recurrence.ConclusionsSPT is a rare differential diagnosis of a pancreatic mass in children. It is mandatory to establish this diagnosis since complete surgical removal of the tumor even in case of metastases or local invasion offers an excellent prognosis. J. Surg. Oncol. 2001;76:289–296. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Multidrug resistance gene (MDR‐1) expression as a useful prognostic factor in patients with human hepatocellular carcinoma after surgical resection
Authors: Kato Atsushi , Miyazaki Masaru , Ambiru Satoshi , Yoshitomi Hideyuki , Ito Hiroshi , Nakagawa Koji , Shimizu Hiroaki , Yokosuka Osamu , Nakajima Nobuyuki 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackground:Multidrug resistance gene (MDR‐1) overexpression has been correlated with tumor aggressiveness and worse prognosis in some human neoplasms. The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical value of MDR‐1 mRNA expression as a prognostic factor after surgical resection in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods:MDR‐1 mRNA levels in tissue samples from 34 patients with HCC, who underwent surgical resection, were measured by quantitative northern blot analysis. We stratified these patients into two groups according to a ratio of MDR‐1 mRNA levels of HCC to nontumorous tissue; MDR‐1 mRNA ratio ≥ 1.0 and < 1.0. The overall and disease‐free survival rates were analyzed using multivariateregression analysis.Results:The median survival periods were 10.3 and 35.8 months for patients with the MDR‐1 mRNA ratio ≥ 1.0 and < 1.0, respectively, and the corresponding 5‐year survival rates were 33 and 54%, respectively, P< 0.05. The multivariate analysis revealed that TNM stage and MDR‐1 mRNA ratio were independent factors for predicting overall survival after surgical resection.Conclusion:This study suggested that the measurement of the MDR‐1 mRNA levels in HCC and nontumorous liver tissue might be a useful prognostic factor after surgical resection in patients with HCC. J. Surg. Oncol. 2001;78:110–115. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Controlled rate thermal analysis commanded by mass spectrometry for studying the kinetics of thermal decomposition of very stable solids
Authors: Pérez‐Maqueda L. A. , Criado J. M. , Gotor F. J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA quadrupole mass spectrometer coupled to a thermobalance has been used to develop a controlled rate thermal analysis (CRTA) equipment. This instrument maintains constant the partial pressure of the gas generated in a solid–gas reaction during the entire process while recording the weight loss along the process. This system permits to perform the kinetic analysis of the thermal decomposition of very stable compounds with a very low equilibrium pressure in the temperature range at which the reaction takes place. The performance of the equipment was checked by studying the kinetics of the thermal decomposition of BaCO3 using for the control the CO2 partial pressure. Both the activation energy and the reaction kinetic model has been calculated. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 34: 184–192, 2002; DOI 10.1002/kin.10042
Gas‐phase ozonolysis: Rate coefficients for a series of terpenes and rate coefficients and OH yields for 2‐methyl‐2‐butene and 2,3‐dimethyl‐2‐butene
Authors: Witter M. , Berndt T. , Böge O. , Stratmann F. , Heintzenberg J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe kinetics of the gas‐phase reactions of O3with a series of selected terpenes has been investigated under flow‐tube conditions at a pressure of 100 mbar synthetic air at 295 ± 0.5 K. In the presence of a large excess ofm‐xylene as an OH radical scavenger, rate coefficientsk(O3+terpene) were obtained with a relative rate technique, (unit: cm3molecule−1s−1, errors represent 2σ): α‐pinene: (1.1 ± 0.2) × 10−16,3Δ‐carene: (5.9 ± 1.0) × 10−17, limonene: (2.5 ± 0.3) × 10−16, myrcene: (4.8 ± 0.6) × 10−16,trans‐ocimene: (5.5 ± 0.8) × 10−16, terpinolene: (1.6 ± 0.4) × 10−15and α‐terpinene: (1.5 ± 0.4) × 10−14. Absolute rate coefficients for the reaction of O3with the used reference substances (2‐methyl‐2‐butene and 2,3‐dimethyl‐2‐butene) were measured in a stopped‐flow system at a pressure of 500 mbar synthetic air at 295 ± 2 K using FT‐IR spectroscopy, (unit: cm3molecule−1s−1, errors represent 2σ ): 2‐methyl‐2‐butene: (4.1 ± 0.5) × 10−16and 2,3‐dimethyl‐2‐butene: (1.0 ± 0.2) × 10−15. In addition, OH radical yields were found to be 0.47 ± 0.04 for 2‐methyl‐2‐butene and 0.77 ± 0.04 for 2,3‐dimethyl‐2‐butene. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 34: 394–403, 2002
Quaternary landscape evolution: a framework for understanding contemporary erosion, southeast Spain
Authors: Mather A. E. , Stokes M. , Griffiths J. S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractRecent research into the long‐term landscape development of a tectonically active terrain in arid SE Spain has revealed the significance of river capture in understanding current landscape instabilities (badlands and landslides). The river capture was initiated at c.100 ka BP and effected a 90 m base‐level change at the point of capture. This stimulated a wave of incision to propagate through the landscape to 20 km upstream of the capture site. The net effect of the associated increase in erosion has been to change valley shapes from broad and shallow to narrow and deep. The associated unloading and steepening of valley sides has led to a focus of landslide activity in lithologies with more unconfined compressive strength (limestones) and a dominance of gullying, piping and badland development in the lithologies with lower unconfined compressive strengths (marls and sands). Post‐capture rapid valley widening was initially achieved through landslide development. This form of slope degradation was sustained in the more resistant, joint‐controlled lithologies. In weaker lithologies it was superseded by badland development. The elevated sediment fluxes associated with the c.100 ka BP base‐level perturbation will continue into the near future, but are expected to decay, assuming that no additional environmental disturbances occur. The patterns of landscape instability witnessed today are controlled by (1) proximity to the areas affected by the base‐level change and (2) the robustness of the local geology. Understanding of this long‐term temporal context of the landscape provides a valuable spatial and temporal framework for land system management, facilitating the prediction of future natural trends in landscape stability. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Treatment of recalcitrant‐pigmented flat warts using frequency‐doubled Q‐switched Nd–YAG laser
Authors: Li Yung‐tsai , Yang Kao‐chia 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveRecalcitrant‐pigmented flat warts may persist for years despite treatment. Many methods have been used to manage pigmented flat warts, but their efficiencies are varied. Since pigmented flat warts are very similar to lentigo clinically, we used frequency‐doubled Q‐switched (FDQS) Nd–YAG laser at the wavelength of 532 nm to treat recalcitrant‐pigmented flat warts and evaluated the effect.Study Design/Materials and MethodsSeven patients with recalcitrant‐pigmented flat warts were enrolled in this study. We set the FDQS Nd–YAG laser to deliver 2.5 J/cm2 fluence at the wavelength of 532 nm to treat these lesions. After 6 months, we evaluated the recurrence of pigmented flat warts, pigmentary, and textural changes on the treated areas.ResultsThere were absences of recurrent lesions, pigmentary, and textural changes on the treated areas of these seven patients after 6 months.ConclusionsThrough both selective photothermolysis effect and propagation of photoacoustic waves, FDQS Nd–YAG laser at the wavelength of 532 nm can be used as an effective alternative to treat recalcitrant pigmented flat warts. Lasers Surg. Med. 29:244–247, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Determinants of Chinese consumers' green purchase behavior
Authors: Chan Ricky Y. K. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis study examines the influence of various cultural and psychological factors on the green purchase behavior of Chinese consumers. To this end, a conceptual model has been proposed and subjected to empirical verification with the use of a survey. The survey results obtained in two major Chinese cities provide reasonable support for the validity of the proposed model. Specifically, the findings from the structural‐equation modeling confirm the influence of the subjects' man–nature orientation, degree of collectivism, ecological affect, and marginally, ecological knowledge, on their attitudes toward green purchases. Their attitudes toward green purchases, in turn, are also seen to affect their green purchase behavior via the mediator of green purchase intention. Although the present findings provide a better understanding of the process and significant antecedents of green purchasing, they also highlight two areas for more thorough investigation. These are the exact role of ecological knowledge in Chinese consumers' green purchasing process and the underlying factors that account for their low level of green purchase. This study also discusses how the present findings may help the Chinese government and green marketers to fine‐tune their environmental programs. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Body talk: Questioning the assumptions in cognitive age
Authors: Catterall Miriam , Maclaran Pauline 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper questions the underpinning assumptions inherent in the concept of cognitive age and shows how these reflect a Western preoccupation with youthfulness. Then, arguing that attitudes to age and aging are socially constructed, it demonstrates how these are not fixed but mutable and how the demographic power of the baby boom generation may significantly alter attitudes to aging. The implications for marketers' use of cognitive age are discussed. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Molecular recognition and supramolecular chemistry in the gas phase
Authors: Schalley Christoph A. 
Published: August 2002

Abstract

I.
Introduction
254

II.
Benefits of Mass Spectrometry for Supramolecular Chemistry
254

A.  Non‐Covalent Bonding in the Condensed‐ and Gas‐Phase
256

B.  Promise and Pitfalls of Mass Spectrometry for Supramolecular Chemistry
257

III.
Crown Ether–Ammonium Ion Complexes
257

A.  Ammonium Ion Affinities
258

B.  Chiral Recognition of Ammonium Ions
259

C.  Collision‐Activated Dissociation and Ion‐Molecule Reactions
260

IV.
Crown Ether–Metal Ion Complexes
260

A.  Binding Selectivities in Solution as Determined by ESI‐MS
260

B.  Orders of Alkali Ion Affinities by the Kinetic Method
262

C.  Gas‐Phase Binding Energies from Threshold Collision‐Induced Dissociation Experiments
262

D.  Thermochemistry and Kinetics of Ligand Exchange: Gas‐Phase Equilibria
263

E.  Gas‐Phase Conformations
264

V.
Non‐Covalent Interactions with Small Biomolecules
264

A.  Metal Binding to Simple Peptides
265

B.  Chiral Differentiation of Amino Acids and Peptides
267

C.  Question of Salt Bridges in the Absence of Solvent
269

D.  Metal‐Ion Bonding to DNA Bases and Oligonucleotides
270

E.  Is the Watson–Crick Base‐Pairing Conserved in the Gas Phase
272

F.  Stereodifferentiation of Small Carbohydrates
274

VI.
Inclusion Complexes of Cyclodextrins
276

VII.
Host–Guest Chemistry of Calixarene and Resorcinarene Derivatives
279

VIII.
Metal‐Directed Self‐Assembly
280

A.  (Metallo)dendrimers
281

B.  Helicates and Metal‐Templated Catenanes
282

C.  Molecular Polygons, Polyhedra, and Cages
284

IX.
Self‐Assembly Driven by Hydrogen Bonding
286

A.  Rosette‐Type Assemblies from Barbiturate and Melamine Subunits
288

B.  Self‐Assembling Capsules
291

X.
Conclusions: The Benefits of Supramolecular Chemistry for Mass Spectrometry
296

References
297

Supramolecular chemistry, in particular, the fields of molecular recognition and self‐assembly, profit much from the development of soft ionization techniques and advanced methods for mass analysis and gas‐phase chemistry. Vice versa, weakly bonded architectures and host‐guest complexes represent a veritable challenge for the mass spectrometrist, leading to further development of methods and techniques. This review describes the state‐of‐the‐art in this field, and includes topics such as the effects of solvation on meta binding to crown ethers, chiral discrimination of guests by chiral hosts, the elucidation of the secondary structure of self assembled complexes, and the mechanistic pathways of self assembly or the fragmentations of supramolecular complexes in the gas phase. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 20: 253–309, 2001; Published online in Wiley Interscience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mas.10009
Microsomal epoxide hydrolase polymorphisms and lung cancer risk in non‐Hispanic whites
Authors: Zhao Hua , Spitz Margaret R. , Gwyn Karin M. , Wu Xifeng 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMicrosomal epoxide hydrolase (mEPHX) is a critical metabolic enzyme involved in the activation and subsequent detoxification of specific tobacco carcinogens. mEPHX harbors polymorphisms in exon 3 and exon 4 that modulate enzymatic activity. The exon 3 polymorphism decreases mEPHX metabolic activity, whereas the exon 4 polymorphism increases activity. We hypothesized that the mEPHX polymorphisms modulate lung cancer risk. Using a case‐control study design and restriction fragment length polymorphism polymerase chain reaction assay, we determined the mEPHX polymorphic genotypes of 181 lung cancer cases among non‐Hispanic whites and 163 controls (matched for age, sex, ethnicity, and smoking history). Our results showed that the variant allele of mEPHX exon 4 increased the overall lung cancer risk by 56% (odds ratio [OR] = 1.56, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.99–2.46). Additionally, the risk estimates were elevated significantly for younger people (< 64 yr) (OR = 2.27, 95% CI = 1.15–4.50) and current smokers (OR = 2.22, 95% CI = 1.06–4.65). The variant allele of mEPHX exon 3 had no effect overall (OR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.56–1.38), but there was a 53% protective effect (OR = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.22–0.99) in younger people. When we analyzed the exon 3 and exon 4 polymorphisms together, those people with the high enzymatic activity genotype had an elevated lung cancer risk of 1.72 (95% CI = 0.90–3.29). This elevated risk was also evident only in younger people. These findings suggest that these variant alleles of exon 3 and exon 4 of mEPHX modulates lung cancer risk. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Alterations of the Fhit gene in hepatocellular carcinomas induced by N‐nitrosodiethylamine in rats
Authors: Tsujiuchi Toshifumi , Sasaki Yasutaka , Kubozoe Tadahiko , Tsutsumi Masahiro , Konishi Yoichi , Nakae Dai 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe present study was conducted to assess whether Fhit gene alterations are a feature of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) induced by N‐nitrosodiethylamine (DEN) in male Fischer 344 rats. Animals, 6 wk old, received a single intraperitoneal injection of DEN at a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight, followed by combined treatment with partial hepatectomy and colchicine to induce cell‐cycle disturbance and a selection procedure, consisting of 2‐acetylaminofluorene and carbon tetrachloride. Fourteen HCCs were obtained 42 wk after the beginning of the experiment; total RNA was extracted for the assessment of aberrant transcription of the Fhit gene by reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction analysis. Aberrant transcripts were detected in nine of the 14 HCCs (64.3%). Sequence analysis showed that these resulted from the absence of nt −9 to 279, nt −9 to 348, nt −98 to 279, nt −26 to 365, or nt −98 to 348. Western blot analysis demonstrated reduced expression of Fhit protein in six of 10 HCCs (60.0%), with a perfect correlation with Fhit gene alterations. These results indicated that changes in the Fhit gene occur frequently and may thus play some role in the development of HCCs induced by DEN in rats. ©2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Aberrant transforming growth factor‐β signaling in azoxymethane‐induced mouse colon tumors
Authors: Guda Kishore , Giardina Charles , Nambiar Prashant , Cui Hongyi , Rosenberg Daniel W. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAlterations in the transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) pathway are implicated in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer. We hypothesize that alterations in the TGF‐β pathway contribute to differential sensitivity of mice to the colon carcinogen azoxymethane (AOM). A/J (sensitive) and AKR/J (resistant) mice were injected intraperitoneally with AOM (10 mg/kg of body weight once a week for 6 wk). Twenty‐four weeks after AOM exposure, mutational analysis of TGF‐β type II receptor (TβR‐II) from normal colons and from tumors showed no AOM‐induced alterations. A significant decrease (1.5‐fold, P < 0.05) in TβR‐II mRNA levels, however, was found in A/J tumors with the RNase protection assay. Immunofluorescence of TβR‐II showed marked loss of staining in A/J tumors. The RNase protection assay and sequence analysis of the downstream signaling molecule Smad3 revealed no carcinogen‐induced alterations in either strain. To gain further insight into the functionality of the pathway, expression of TGF‐β, TGF‐β type I receptor (TβR‐I), and several downstream targets of TGF‐β signaling, including Smad7, c‐myc, and p15, was examined. Although no alterations in TGF‐β, TβR‐I, or Smad7 were found in tumors, a significant increase in c‐myc expression (2.5‐fold, P < 0.05 ) and a significant decrease in p15 expression (4.5‐fold, P < 0.05 ) were noted. Concomitant repression of TβR‐II and overexpression of c‐myc may render epithelial cells insensitive to TGF‐β‐mediated growth arrest, a possibility that also is suggested by this model. The significant decrease in p15 expression in tumors provides additional evidence that TGF‐β signaling may be markedly attenuated during colon tumorigenesis. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.