bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A dichotomy for T$T$‐convex fields with a monomial group
Authors: Kaplan Elliot , Kesting Christoph 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe prove a dichotomy for o‐minimal fields , expanded by a ‐convex valuation ring (where is the theory of ) and a compatible monomial group. We show that if is power bounded, then this expansion of is model complete (assuming that is), it has a distal theory, and the definable sets are geometrically tame. On the other hand, if defines an exponential function, then the natural numbers are externally definable in our expansion, precluding any sort of model‐theoretic tameness.
Quantifying the contributions of tributaries to large-river fish populations through mark-recapture modeling
Authors: Healy Brian D. , Smith Emily Omana 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Objective
Tributaries may play a vital role in maintaining populations of large river fishes, although the specific contributions of tributaries toward recruitment of river-wide populations are not often understood. Tributaries may experience fewer cumulative anthropogenic impacts relative to main-stem rivers and may offer more natural conditions supportive of native fish populations, which may provide opportunities for fish population restoration. Thus, an improved understanding of tributary–main-stem population dynamics may inform targeted conservation actions for spatially structured populations of large-river fishes. Colorado River tributaries in the Grand Canyon, Arizona, USA, are a focus of imperiled Humpback Chub Gila cypha conservation, which includes translocations to enhance population redundancy and to expand the overall population. However, the fate of fish dispersed to the main stem has not been thoroughly quantified.

Methods
Using open population mark–recapture models, we quantified the relative contribution of three groups of Humpback Chub, including fish of confirmed tributary origin that were either translocated or produced in situ, and others presumed to be Colorado River main-stem-origin fish, to three main-stem populations. Our specific study objectives were to (1) estimate Colorado River abundances of tributary and main-stem-origin fish over time, (2) compare relative group-specific contributions to three main-stem populations, and (3) compare group-specific survival rates of Humpback Chub in the Colorado River and in a tributary where a recent translocation has occurred.

Result
Tributaries contributed 26% and 43% of the overall abundance in two tributary inflow reach populations and zero in a third, which we attributed to uncharacteristically low tributary survival immediately following translocation. In the main stem, survival of tributary-origin fish was higher compared to main-stem-origin fish, suggesting an advantage of tributary residence.

Conclusion
Our contrasting results from three different tributary inflow populations highlight the potential role for tributaries in sustaining large-river fish populations, which may have important implications for long-term maintenance of river metapopulations.
Uncovering prostate cancer aggressiveness signal in T2‐weighted MRI through a three‐reference tissues normalization technique
Authors: Algohary Ahmad , Zacharaki Evangelia I. , Breto Adrian L. , Alhusseini Mohammad , Wallaengen Veronica , Xu Isaac R. , Gaston Sandra M. , Punnen Sanoj , Castillo Patricia , Pattany Pradip M. , Kryvenko Oleksandr N. , Spieler Benjamin , Abramowitz Matthew C. , Pra Alan Dal , Ford John C. , Pollack Alan , Stoyanova Radka 
Published: November 2023

AbstractQuantitative T2‐weighted MRI (T2W) interpretation is impeded by the variability of acquisition‐related features, such as field strength, coil type, signal amplification, and pulse sequence parameters. The main purpose of this work is to develop an automated method for prostate T2W intensity normalization. The procedure includes the following: (i) a deep learning‐based network utilizing MASK R‐CNN for automatic segmentation of three reference tissues: gluteus maximus muscle, femur, and bladder; (ii) fitting a spline function between average intensities in these structures and reference values; and (iii) using the function to transform all T2W intensities. The T2W distributions in the prostate cancer regions of interest (ROIs) and normal appearing prostate tissue (NAT) were compared before and after normalization using Student's t‐test. The ROIs' T2W associations with the Gleason Score (GS), Decipher genomic score, and a three‐tier prostate cancer risk were evaluated with Spearman’s correlation coefficient (rS). T2W differences in indolent and aggressive prostate cancer lesions were also assessed. The MASK R‐CNN was trained with manual contours from 32 patients. The normalization procedure was applied to an independent MRI dataset from 83 patients. T2W differences between ROIs and NAT significantly increased after normalization. T2W intensities in 231 biopsy ROIs were significantly negatively correlated with GS (rS = −0.21, p = 0.001), Decipher (rS = −0.193, p = 0.003), and three‐tier risk (rS = −0.235, p < 0.001). The average T2W intensities in the aggressive ROIs were significantly lower than in the indolent ROIs after normalization. In conclusion, the automated triple‐reference tissue normalization method significantly improved the discrimination between prostate cancer and normal prostate tissue. In addition, the normalized T2W intensities of cancer exhibited a significant association with tumor aggressiveness. By improving the quantitative utilization of the T2W in the assessment of prostate cancer on MRI, the new normalization method represents an important advance over clinical protocols that do not include sequences for the measurement of T2 relaxation times.
Promoting culturally conscious students: A course model in maple syrup management and culture
Authors: Bal Tara L. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe teaching strategy of blended learning (incorporating both online and experiential education) was used to design a university course covering multiple aspects of maple syrup and sugar history, ecology, management, production, and consumption to attract students. A key aspect of the course is to introduce students with little‐to‐no previous experience of traditional practices, indigenous knowledge, or ways of knowing that are different from Western academia, with the intent of building more cultural literacy and acknowledgments of diverse perspectives. The goal in developing course content was to explore the integrated fields that contribute knowledge related to maple syruping and sugaring activities, making it “something for everyone” to increase applicability for students of all levels and experiences, as well as increasing student enrollment and engagement. Student feedback and assessment from the course indicate increased understanding within core areas covered, as well as a strong partiality for content on cultural significance. Survey results of class outcomes demonstrate a successful approach, in addition to increasing enrollment of students from across campus. The course model may work well for other natural science topics, especially those that may attract students eager to learn and experience local foods or artisanal materials from natural systems. An overview of course content is provided along with examples of how the course could be adapted for other topics or regions of interest to further similar unit goals for developing more culturally literate students.
Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry‐based metabolomics and fluxomics reveals the metabolic alterations in glioma U87MG multicellular tumor spheroids versus two‐dimensional cell cultures
Authors: Wen Shanjing , Tu Xinyi , Zang Qingce , Zhu Ying , Li Limei , Zhang Ruiping , Abliz Zeper 
Published: November 2023

RationaleMulticellular tumor spheroids (MCTSs) that reconstitute the metabolic characteristics of in vivo tumor tissue may facilitate the discovery of molecular biomarkers and effective anticancer therapies. However, little is known about how cancer cells adapt their metabolic changes in complex three‐dimensional (3D) microenvironments. Here, using the two‐dimensional (2D) cell model as control, the metabolic phenotypes of glioma U87MG multicellular tumor spheroids were systematically investigated based on static metabolomics and dynamic fluxomics analysis.MethodsA liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry‐based global metabolomics and lipidomics approach was adopted to survey the cellular samples from 2D and 3D culture systems, revealing marked molecular differences between them. Then, by means of metabolomic pathway analysis, the metabolic pathways altered in glioma MCTSs were found using 13C6‐glucose as a tracer to map the metabolic flux of glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, de novo nucleotide synthesis, and de novo lipid biosynthesis in the MCTS model.ResultsWe found nine metabolic pathways as well as glycerolipid, glycerophospholipid and sphingolipid metabolism to be predominantly altered in glioma MCTSs. The reduced nucleotide metabolism, amino acid metabolism and glutathione metabolism indicated an overall lower cellular activity in MCTSs. Through dynamic fluxomics analysis in the MCTS model, we found that cells cultured in MCTSs exhibited increased glycolysis activity and de novo lipid biosynthesis activity, and decreased the TCA cycle and de novo purine nucleotide biosynthesis activity.ConclusionsOur study highlights specific, altered biochemical pathways in MCTSs, emphasizing dysregulation of energy metabolism and lipid metabolism, and offering novel insight into metabolic events in glioma MCTSs.
Theoretical Study of the Photophysical and Photochemical Properties of 1H‐Benzimidazole and 2‐Ethyl‐7‐nitro‐5‐Substituted 1H‐Benzimidazoles
Authors: Udofia Inemesit A. , Oloba‐Whenu Oluwakemi A. , Ogunbayo Taofeek B. , Isanbor Chukwuemeka 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTheoretical study of the photophysical/photochemical properties of 1H‐benzimidazole and its derivatives was carried out using APFD, B3LYP, CAM‐B3LYP and PBE0 density functionals with 6‐311+G(2d,p) basis set. The effects of ethanol, 1,4‐dioxane, acetonitrile and water was investigated by means of Integral Equation Formalism of the Polarizable Continuum Model (IEPCM) in the framework of Self‐Consistent Reaction Field (SCRF). The results obtained show that S2 state of the 1H‐benzimidazole molecule is more acidic than the S0 state as the N5−H11 bond length increased to ~ 1.01 Å. At B3LYP/6‐311+G(2d,p) level of theory, the excitation energy of 1H‐bensimidazole molecule in ethanol from S0 to the S2 state was calculated to be 273 nm (4.54 eV). The electronic energy for this transition was calculated to be 0.131 a.u. and observed to occur between π→π* orbitals. Calculations with the PBE0, APFD and B3LYP functionals reproduced the experimental dipole moment in 1,4‐dioxane, with values of 4.09, 4.09 and 4.07 Debye respectively. However, the dipole moments of the 2‐ethyl‐7‐nitro‐5‐substituted‐1H‐benzimidazoles were calculated to be higher for electron donating groups (EDGs) than those bearing electron withdrawing groups (EWGs). In addition, the molecular polarizability was observed to increase with decreasing energy gap. Local excitation (LE) and charge‐transfer (CT) were observed to mediate the mechanisms of electronic excitation in 2‐ethyl‐7‐nitro‐5‐substituted‐1H‐benzimidazoles.
Ionic liquids modified MXene as a flame retardant synergist for the unsaturated polyester resin
Authors: Gao Ming , Wang Jiyu , Gao Yilin , Chen Jiawei , Qian Lijun , Qiao Zhichuan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractI‐MXene with excellent dispersibility was successfully prepared using the chemical grafting method with 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazole hexafluorophosphate ([BMIM]PF6) onto MXene. It was characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), which was added to unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) as a synergistic agent, combined with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) to improve the flame retardancy of composites. Tensile strength of the composites was measured using the electronic universal material testing machine. The results showed that the incorporation of I‐MXene was able to increase the tensile strength and elongation at break of the composites. The flame retardancy and thermal stability of the composites were investigated through limiting oxygen index (LOI), cone calorimeter test (CCT), TG and Fourier‐infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR). The experimental data showed that the LOI values of I‐MXene/APP/UPR composites increased to 29.1%, complying with UL‐94V‐0 rating. Its peak heat release rate (pHRR) and total heat release (THR) were 19.35% and 16.35% lower than those of APP/UPR composites, and the total smoke production (TSP) was reduced by 10.78%. When heated to 800°C, the amount of residual carbon increased by 7.71%. The catalytic effect of I‐MXene contributed to the formation of a compact and expanded carbon layer, resulting in further suppression of heat and smoke release.Highlights
A new type of modified MXene is obtained.
It has good dispersivity and synergistic effects.
It has good flame retardancy and smoke suppression effects.
A review and comparison of arm‐based versus contrast‐based network meta‐analysis for binary outcomes—Understanding their differences and limitations
Authors: Chu Haitao , Lin Lifeng , Wang Zheng , Wang Zilin , Chen Yong , Cappelleri Joseph C. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractNetwork meta‐analysis (NMA) is a statistical procedure to simultaneously compare multiple interventions. Despite the added complexity of performing an NMA compared with the traditional pairwise meta‐analysis, under proper assumptions the NMA can lead to more efficient estimates on the comparisons of interventions by combining and contrasting the direct and indirect evidence into a form of evidence that can be used to underpin treatment guidelines. Two broad classes of NMA methods are commonly used in practice: the contrast‐based (CB‐NMA) and the arm‐based (AB‐NMA) models. While CB‐NMA only focuses on the relative effects by assuming fixed intercepts, the AB‐NMA offers greater flexibility on the estimands, including both the absolute and relative effects by assuming random intercepts. A major criticism of the AB‐NMA, on which we aim to elaborate in this paper, is that it does not retain randomization within trials, which may introduce bias in the estimated relative effects in some scenarios. This criticism was drawn under the implicit assumption that a given relative effect is transportable, in which case the data generating mechanism favors the inference based on CB‐NMA, which models the relative effect. In this article, we aim to review, summarize, and elaborate on the underlying assumptions, similarities and differences, and also the advantages and disadvantages, between CB‐NMA and AB‐NMA methods. As indirect treatment comparison is susceptible to risk of bias no matter which approach is taken, it is important to consider both approaches in practice as complementary sensitivity analyses and to provide the totality of evidence from the data.This article is categorized under:
Statistical Models > Bayesian Models
Statistical Models > Generalized Linear Models
Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Bayesian Methods and Theory
Blue Emitting SrBe1−xSi2+xO3−2xN2+2x:Eu2+ (x≈0.1)
Authors: Giftthaler Tobias , Dialer Marwin , Strobel Philipp , Schmidt Peter J. , Schnick Wolfgang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn the search for materials for high‐efficiency lighting applications, the color‐point tuning of phosphors for inorganic phosphor converted LEDs (pcLEDs) is of special interest. We expand the recently explored phosphor class of SiBeONs (oxonitridoberyllosilicates) by the synthesis and characterization of SrBe1−xSi2+xO3−2xN2+2x:Eu2+. High temperature synthesis, starting from Sr2N, BeO, SiO2 and Si3N4, yields the target phase as the main product. Upon doping with Eu2+, the pale blue crystals exhibit blue luminescence with emission at 456 nm and a full width at half maximum (fwhm) of 66 nm/3108 cm−1. The structure is an ordered variant of the LaSi3N5 structure type and was elucidated by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction data. The network in SrBe1−xSi2+xO3−2xN2+2x:Eu2+ is highly condensed with a condensation degree of κ=0.6 comprising corner‐sharing [MX4] (M=Be, Si; X=O, N) tetrahedra, with mixed occupancies on both the ligand and central metal sites.
CCICED and Its Uniqueness for Both China and the World
Authors: Zhao Yingmin , Hanson Arthur 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCCICED’s incubation began with an influential group of senior Chinese governmental officials plus some international development specialists. Mr. Qu Geping, who had attended the 1972 Stockholm Environment Conference and who played a major role in establishing environmental protection within China afterwards, was instrumental in bringing forward the concept.
Off-shell divergences in quantum gravity
Authors: Mandric Vlad-Mihai , Morris Tim R. , Stulga Dalius 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We investigate off-shell perturbative renormalisation of pure quantum gravity for both background metric and quantum fluctuations. We show that at each new loop order, the divergences that do not vanish on-shell are constructed from only the total metric, whilst those that vanish on-shell are renormalised by canonical transformations involving the quantum fields. Purely background metric divergences do not separately appear, and the background metric does not get renormalised. We highlight that renormalisation group identities play a crucial rôle ensuring consistency in the renormalisation of BRST transformations beyond one loop order. We verify these assertions by computing leading off- shell divergences to two loops, exploiting off-shell BRST invariance and the renormalisation group equations. Although some divergences can be absorbed by field redefinitions, we explain why this does not lead to finite beta-functions for the corresponding field.
A minimal inverse seesaw model with S4 flavour symmetry
Authors: Thapa Bikash , Barman Sunita , Bora Sompriti , Francis N. K. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We construct an S4 flavour symmetric minimal inverse seesaw model where the standard model is extended by adding two right-handed and two standard model gauge singlet neutrinos to explain the origin of tiny neutrino masses. The resulting model describes the lepton mass spectra and flavour mixing quite well for the case of the normal hierarchy of neutrino masses. The prediction of the model on the Dirac CP-violating phase is centered around 370.087°. Furthermore, using the allowed region for the model parameters, we have calculated the value of the effective Majorana neutrino mass, |〈mee〉|, which characterizes neutrinoless double beta decay.
Scaling similarities and quasinormal modes of D0 black hole solutions
Authors: Biggs Anna , Maldacena Juan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We study the gravity solution dual to the D0 brane quantum mechanics, or BFSS matrix model, in the ’t Hooft limit.The classical physics described by this gravity solution is invariant under a scaling transformation, which changes the action with a specific critical exponent, sometimes called the hyperscaling violating exponent. We present an argument for this critical exponent from the matrix model side, which leads to an explanation for the peculiar temperature dependence of the entropy in this theory, S ∝ T9/5. We also present a similar argument for all other Dp-brane geometries.We then compute the black hole quasinormal modes. This involves perturbing the finite temperature geometry. These perturbations can be easily obtained by a mathematical trick where we view the solution as the dimensional reduction of an AdS2+9/5× S8 geometry.
Enhancing resonant circular-section haloscopes for dark matter axion detection: approaches and limitations in volume expansion
Authors: García-Barceló J. M. , Díaz-Morcillo A. , Gimeno B. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Haloscopes, microwave resonant cavities utilized in detecting dark matter axions within powerful static magnetic fields, are pivotal in modern astrophysical research. This paper delves into the realm of cylindrical geometries, investigating techniques to augment volume and enhance compatibility with dipole or solenoid magnets. The study explores volume constraints in two categories of haloscope designs: those reliant on single cavities and those employing multicavities. In both categories, strategies to increase the expanse of elongated structures are elucidated. For multicavities, the optimization of space within magnets is explored through 1D configurations. Three subcavity stacking approaches are investigated, while the foray into 2D and 3D geometries lays the groundwork for future topological developments. The results underscore the efficacy of these methods, revealing substantial room for progress in cylindrical haloscope design. Notably, an elongated single cavity design attains a three-order magnitude increase in volume compared to a WC-109 standard waveguide-based single cavity. Diverse prototypes featuring single cavities, 1D, 2D, and 3D multicavities highlight the feasibility of leveraging these geometries to magnify the volume of tangible haloscope implementations.
Structured analysis of broader GMO impacts inspired by technology assessment to inform policy decisions
Authors: Dassler Tim , Myhr Anne I. , Lalyer Carina R. , Frieß Johannes L. , Spök Armin , Liebert Wolfgang , Hagen Kristin , Engelhard Margret , Giese Bernd 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIf genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are approved in the EU for experimental release or marketing authorization (placing on the market), a risk assessment (RA) is carried out beforehand to determine whether this may be associated with negative effects on human health, nature or the environment. Applications are reviewed by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and the national Competent Authorities of the Member States. However, the potential ramifications of the GMOs that are systematically addressed in the current RA context are limited. Broader consideration can include environmental and health aspects beyond the scope of the statutory RA, as well as societal, ethical and cultural impacts. These other levels of impact may be considered during the comitology process of authorisation, but how this is done is typically not made explicit in a systematic way. However, with the dynamic developments of new kinds of GMOs, these considerations as well as transparency regarding the role of broader considerations in political decision-making become more and more relevant. Against this backdrop, we identified the requirements and suggest the main elements for such a broader assessment. We use insights from the field of Technology Assessment (TA) to explore the requirements for operationalising a rapid but still systematic, transparent and broad case-by-case GMO assessment compatible with the existing legislative framework.