bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unprecedented oviposition tactics avoid plant defences and reduce attack by parasitic wasps
Authors: Shi Jin‐Hua , Sun Ze , Pickett John A. , Hu Xin‐Jun , Wang Chao , Liu Le , Jin Huanan , Abdelnabby Hazem , Foba Caroline Ngichop , Yang Xue‐Qing , Chang Xiang‐Qian , Wang Man‐Qun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFemale insects oviposit in sites suitable for the development of their offspring. The Oriental armyworm, Mythimna separata is a serious pest of various crops including wheat and prefers to oviposit on withered leaves rather than on fresh plant material, which is surprisingly different from other insects. Studies here showed that this oviposition tactic enables avoidance of wheat defence against eggs and emerged larvae. Intact plants responded to M. separata egg deposition by releasing oviposition‐induced plant volatiles including acetophenone, tetradecene and pentadecane after 24 h. Acetophenone was identified as quantitatively accounting for the attraction of the egg parasitoid wasp (Trichogramma chilonis). Leaf jasmonic acid levels significantly increased after M. separata laid eggs, and primed the plant against emerging larvae. In addition, newly emerged M. separata larvae adopted a fast crawling behaviour and starvation tolerance compared with other noctuid larvae, which enhanced the survival of larvae on the withered leaves. The elucidation of this complex and surprising plant‐insect interaction provides the first explanation for a herbivore laying eggs on withered leaves to avoid natural enemies and live‐plant defence against emerging larvae.
Next‐generation of melanoma researchers: Trainee perspectives from around the world
Authors: Webster Marie R. , Brathwaite Roderick , Narula Jeremy A. Bravo , Elad Vissy M. , Ma Yanni , Ng Mei Fong , de Moraes Junior Manoel Oliveira , Shabangu Majahonkhe , Tsiavou Christina , Villanueva Jessie , Rebecca Vito W. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe Society for Melanoma Research (SMR) was created 20 years ago and has unequivocally contributed to the vast progress of the field, particularly for the treatment of melanoma patients with metastatic disease by facilitating synergistic collaborations between clinicians, researchers at the bench, and industry. In commemoration of the 20th anniversary of the first SMR International Congress (held in 2003 in Philadelphia), we look to the future by highlighting the perspectives of the next generation of rising stars, medical, and graduate students across six continents.
Multiple rhabdomyomatous mesenchymal hamartomas in a patient with mosaic Barber–Say syndrome
Authors: Giacaman Aniza , Corral‐Magaña Oriol , Saus Sarrias Carlos , González‐López Guillermo , Asensio Landa Víctor José , Martín‐Santiago Ana 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBarber–Say syndrome (BSS) is a rare congenital ectodermal dysplasia with few cases reported in the literature. We describe a 9‐year‐old boy with congenital generalized hypertrichosis and multiple rhabdomyomatous mesenchymal hamartomas (RMHs) on his nose and periocular region. Next‐generation sequencing, performed in DNA from a blood sample, and RMH tissue, revealed a pathogenic variant in the TWIST2 gene, which was not detected in a salivary sample of the patient, nor in his parents. Therefore, we consider this variant as de novo mosaicism. To our knowledge, this is the first case of multiple RMHs associated with BSS.
Do socioeconomic factors impact atopic dermatitis outcome? A single‐center study
Authors: Reimer‐Taschenbrecker Antonia , Daniel Moriel , Rangel Stephanie M. , Paller Amy S. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundRace and socioeconomic status are thought to influence the severity of atopic dermatitis (AD), but findings differ between countries and measures used. The role of social determinants of health versus biologic factors in causing these differences is poorly understood.ObjectiveWe hypothesized that spatially‐derived factors correlate with AD severity and patient‐reported outcome (PRO) in a pediatric cohort from Chicago, USA.MethodsChildren with AD and caregivers were enrolled from February 2018 to April 2019 in this single‐site cross‐sectional study. Severity was self‐ and physician‐assessed using validated measures. Patient addresses were geocoded and linked to census tract IDs. Deprivation index (DI) was calculated using variables of the 2018 American Community Survey.ResultsAmong 216 children aged 5–17 years old, 111 (51.4%) lived in urban, 104 (48.1%) suburban, and one (0.5%) in rural areas. Race was self‐classified as White in 31.0%, Black 24.5%, other or mixed 25.0%, and Asian 19.4%; 24.5% were Hispanic. Median DI was 0.32 (range 0.03–0.72), with higher scores indicating more deprivation. DI correlated with insurance type, family income, ethnicity, race, and parental education, and weakly with selected PRO T‐scores. However, no correlations between any AD severity score and DI, race, ethnicity, income, education, or insurance type were found.ConclusionThe impact of socioeconomic factors on AD severity in our study population was less pronounced than expected. This could be because of regional differences, including access to high‐quality care. The role of access as a deciding factor in the impact of socioeconomic status on AD outcome deserves further investigation.
An integrated approach for rapid exploration of carbonatites and related mineral resources
Authors: Khan Asad , Ali Muhammad , Khan Saad , Ullah Zaheen , Faisal Shah , Ahmad Laeiq 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCarbonatites are proven significant repositories of several critical and strategic elements such as rare earth elements, niobium, thorium, and uranium. Owing to their economic significance, mapping of carbonatites and associated mineral deposits has occupied prominent place in mineral resource exploration programs. In this study an integrated approach was developed to map carbonatite and related mineral deposits in the Loe‐Shilman, Northwest Himalaya of Pakistan, using remotely sensed advance space‐borne thermal emission and reflection radiometer (ASTER) multispectral data and visible near infrared and short‐wave infrared (VNIR‐SWIR) spectral characteristics of minerals in these deposits. Several image enhancement techniques, including band ratio (i.e., B4/B3), principal component and minimum noise fraction transformation (PC6 and MNF5, respectively) helped in highlighting the targeted rocks. The results demonstrate the suitability of ASTER data for discriminating carbonatite related mineral deposits from other surrounding lithologies. Results obtained from these methods were validated through field observations in the area and further confirmed through petrographic and chemical analyses of collected specimens. Field data have also served as training data to perform a supervised classification, allowing further improvement of the mapping results. Moreover, the obtained results from the techniques used for exploring carbonatites and related mineral deposits were stacked together for comparison with each other, to check their sensitivities, and assess their efficiency and accuracy. Generally, all these methods successfully highlighted carbonatites and related mineral deposits; however, when used integratively they exhibit higher degree of accuracy, and has proven to be relatively rapid and cost‐effective.
Computation of Isolated Periodic Solutions for Forced Response Blade-Tip/Casing Contact Problems
Authors: Vadcard Thibaut , Thouverez Fabrice , Batailly Alain 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This article introduces a numerical procedure dedicated to the identification of isolated branches of solutions for nonlinear mechanical systems. Here, it is applied to a fan blade subject to rubbing interactions and harmonic forcing. Both contact, which is initiated by means of the harmonic forcing, and dry friction are accounted for. The presented procedure relies on the computation of the system's nonlinear normal modes (NNM) and their analysis through the application of an energy principle derived from the Melnikov function. The dynamic Lagrangian frequency-time strategy associated with the harmonic balance method (DLFT-HBM) is used to predict the blade's dynamics response as well as to compute the autonomous nonlinear normal modes. The open industrial fan blade NASA rotor 67 is employed in order to avoid confidentiality issues and to promote the reproducibility of the presented results. Previous publications have underlined the complexity of NASA rotor 67's dynamics response as it undergoes structural contacts, thus making it an ideal benchmark blade when searching for isolated solutions. The application of the presented procedure considering a varying amplitude of the harmonic forcing allows to predict isolated branches of solutions featuring nonlinear resonances. With the use of the Melnikov energy principle, nonlinear modal interactions are shown to be responsible for the separation of branches of solutions from the main response curve. In the end, the application of the presented procedure on an industrial blade model with contact interactions demonstrates that it is both industry-ready and applicable to highly nonlinear mechanical systems.
Applicability of Numerical Simulation to the Classification of Fluid Dynamic Loss in Aeroengine Transmission Gears
Authors: Arisawa Hidenori , Tanaka Mitsuaki , Hashimoto Hironori , Goi Tatsuhiko , Banno Takahiko , Imai Hideyuki 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In high-speed gear systems for aeroengines, reducing the fluid dynamic loss, which accounts for the majority of power loss, can significantly improve fuel economy. However, few practical numerical examples are available regarding high-speed gas–liquid two-phase flows involving gear meshing and gear shrouds (gear enclosures, which are effective for loss reduction). Therefore, in this study, the porosity method for object boundaries including the gear meshing, the volume of fluid method, and the surface compression method for the gas–liquid interface was used as fast and numerically stable calculation methods. In addition, a gap was provided at the contact surface of the gear tooth surface to improve the calculation stability, and the oil properties were set considering the difference between the flow resistance in a two-phase flow and that in a single-phase flow (due to the separation of oil particles) to improve the calculation accuracy. To validate the numerical simulation method, a two-axis helical gearbox with a maximum peripheral speed of 100 m/s with specifications equivalent to aeroengine gears was used, and the air flow, oil flow, and fluid dynamic losses were validated. Once the practical accuracy was confirmed, the numerical simulation was used to understand the relationship between air and oil flows, torque, and the effect of the shroud. Consequently, the fluid dynamic loss could be classified phenomenologically.
Experiments on Tuned UHBR Open-Test-Case Fan ECL5/CATANA: Stability Limit
Authors: Brandstetter Christoph , Fiquet Anne-Lise , Schneider Alexandra P. , Paoletti Benoit , Ottavy Xavier 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Research of the past decades has shown that the operating range of modern fans and compressors is often limited by aeroelastic phenomena before the onset of pure aerodynamic instability. Prediction of these mechanisms is challenging for state-of-the-art numerical methods, particularly for configurations with flexible wide-chord blades. To provide a benchmark configuration for the community, the composite-material fan stage ECL5, representative of near future ultra-high-bypass ratio architectures has been designed at Ecole Centrale de-Lyon and recently shared as an open-test-case. In research program CATANA, different configurations with variable tuning and intake geometries are investigated experimentally, and here we present a comprehensive aeroelastic study of the tuned reference configuration. The study encompasses the investigation of the whole subsonic and transonic operating range using multiphysical instrumentation. A characterization of structural properties under running conditions is analyzed in comparison to individual blade measurements and FEM-predictions. The stability limit is investigated at different speedlines. At transonic conditions, rotating stall occurred without aeroelastic precursors. Severe nonsynchronous-vibrations were observed at subsonic speeds and limited the operating range before the onset of rotating stall. Through a detailed analysis of the aeroelastic coupling mechanism, a full characterization of interacting modes is presented. The challenging prediction of this coupled phenomenon and the discrepancy to aeroelastic simulations are discussed. The results are a promising benchmark for future method development, particularly involving high-fidelity methods.
The Structure and Stability of Premixed CH4, H2, and NH3/H2 Flames in an Axially Staged Can Combustor
Authors: Ånestad Aksel , Sampath Ramgopal , Moeck Jonas , Gruber Andrea , Worth Nicholas A. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
An experimental investigation of flame structure, stability, and emissions performance was conducted in a two-stage lab-scale generic combustor design operated with CH4, H2, and NH3/H2 fuel blends. The main flame zone features a premixed bluff body stabilized flame, with a secondary flame zone initiated downstream by injecting premixed air and fuel using two opposing radial jets. The total power and air flowrate are kept constant between the different fueling cases, while the air split between stages and equivalence ratios are varied to explore conditions relevant to gas turbine operation. Given the relative novelty of the configuration, special emphasis is given to analyzing the structure of the opposing jet flames in the secondary stage. In contrast to previous literature on reacting jets in cross flow, these interact significantly due to their proximity, leading to a merged flame zone at the impingement location in the center of the combustion chamber, and some flame propagation upstream of the jet location. As the jet-to-crossflow momentum ratio increases, the merged flame zone changes shape, reaching close to the walls for the methane cases but remaining very compact when operating with almost pure hydrogen. For the hydrogen flames, diverting more air to the second stage allows higher total thermal power conditions to be reached, while avoiding flashback, and eliminates thermoacoustic instabilities. For ammonia-hydrogen flames, air is diverted to the second stage, while a constant fuel flow is sent to the primary stage, resulting in some locally rich conditions in the primary flame. A local minima in terms of NOX occurs when the primary flame is operated at an equivalence ratio of 1.15. Analysis of the flame structure suggests that this state corresponds to almost complete combustion or pyrolysis of NH3 in the main flame, with the remaining hydrogen burned in an inverse diffusion flame in the secondary zone.
Impact of Preheating on Flame Stabilization and NOx Emissions From a Dual Swirl Hydrogen Injector
Authors: Magnes Hervé , Marragou Sylvain , Aniello Andrea , Selle Laurent , Poinsot Thierry , Schuller Thierry 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Flame stabilization, flame structure, and pollutant emissions are investigated experimentally on a swirled injection system operating with globally lean air/hydrogen mixtures at atmospheric conditions and moderate Reynolds numbers. This injector consists of two coaxial ducts with separate injection of hydrogen into a central channel and of air into an annular channel. Both streams are swirled. The resulting flames exhibit two stabilization modes. In one case, the flame takes an M-shape and is anchored to the hydrogen injector lips. In the second case, the flame is aerodynamically stabilized above the injector and takes a V-shape. Regions of existence of each stabilization mode are determined according to the operating conditions. For low air flow rates, the flame can be either anchored or lifted above the hydrogen injector lips depending on the path followed to reach the operating condition. At high air flow rates, the flame is always lifted regardless of the trajectory followed. The impact of air inlet temperature on these stabilization regimes is then evaluated from T= 300 K up to 770 K. Flame re-attachment is shown to be controlled by edge flame propagation and the impact of preheating is well reproduced by the model. Unburnt hydrogen and NOx emissions are finally evaluated. Unburnt hydrogen is only observed for global equivalence ratios below 0.4 and at ambient inlet temperature. NOx emissions decrease when the global equivalence ratio is reduced. Furthermore, at fixed global equivalence ratio, NOx emissions decrease as the thermal power increases, regardless of air preheating and the flame stabilization regime. At high power, NOx emissions reach an asymptotic value that is independent of the thermal power. The impact of flame shape, air preheating, and combustion chamber wall heat losses on NOx production is also evaluated. NOx emissions are shown to scale with the adiabatic flame temperature Tad at the global equivalence ratio and the residence time inside the combustor.
Annual Volume and Distribution of Physical Training in Norwegian Female Cross-Country Skiers and Biathletes: A Comparison Between Sports, Competition Levels, and Age Categories—The FENDURA Project
Authors: Osborne John O. , Solli Guro S. , Engseth Tina P. , Welde Boye , Morseth Bente , Noordhof Dionne A. , Sandbakk Øyvind , Andersson Erik P. 
Published: October 2023

Purpose: To describe and compare the annual physical training characteristics between Norwegian female cross-country (XC) skiers and biathletes across competition levels and age categories. Methods: Daily training sessions for 1 year were recorded for 45 XC skiers and 26 biathletes, comprising international/national team (inter[national]) and nonnational/regional team members (nonnational) of both junior and senior age. Endurance, strength, flexibility, speed, and power training sessions were recorded. Data included exercise modality, intensity, and duration. Data were analyzed using linear mixed-effects models. Results: The total annual physical training volume consisted of ∼90% endurance training for both groups, although XC skiers had significantly higher total volumes (∼10%; P = .003; d = 0.78) than biathletes. Senior XC skiers performed more training hours of skiing and/or roller skiing compared with biathletes over the season. However, biathletes compensated for this lower volume by more skating and a higher proportion of endurance training as skiing (81% [17%]) compared with XC skiers (68% [16%]; P < .001; d = 0.94). Overall, (inter)national-level athletes completed a higher annual training volume than non-national-level athletes (740 [90] h vs 649 [95] h; P = .004;d = 0.81). Although juniors reported less endurance volume than seniors, they maintained a relatively stable level of endurance training across the preparatory and competition period, unlike senior athletes. Conclusions: The higher annual physical training volume by XC skiers compared with biathletes is likely caused by the different demands of the 2 sports; XC skiing necessitates training for 2 skiing styles, while biathlon requires additional shooting practice. However, biathletes compensate with a higher proportion of ski training, particularly in the skating technique.
Antibacterial efficacy of an ultra-short palmitoylated random peptide mixture in mouse models of infection by carbapenem-resistant
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Lau Jonathan Z. , Kuo Shanny Hsuan , Belo Yael , Malach Einav , Maron Bar , Caraway Hannah E. , Oh Myung Whan , Zhang Yi , Ismail Nahed , Lau Gee W. , Hayouka Zvi 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Indiscriminate use of antibiotics has imposed a selective pressure for the rapid rise in bacterial resistance, creating an urgent need for novel therapeutics for managing bacterial infectious diseases while counteracting bacterial resistance. Carbapenem-resistant
Klebsiella pneumoniae
strains have become a major challenge in modern medicine due to their ability to cause an array of severe infections. Recently, we have shown that the 20-mer random peptide mixtures are effective therapeutics against three ESKAPEE pathogens. Here, we evaluated the toxicity, biodistribution, bioavailability, and efficacy of the ultra-short palmitoylated 5-mer phenylalanine:lysine (FK5P) random peptide mixtures against multiple clinical isolates of carbapenem-resistant
K. pneumoniae
and
K. oxytoca
. We demonstrate the FK5P rapidly and effectively killed various strains of
K. pneumoniae
, inhibited the formation of biofilms, and disrupted mature biofilms. FK5P displayed strong toxicity profiles both
in vitro
and in mice, with prolonged favorable biodistribution and a long half-life. Significantly, FK5P reduced the bacterial burden in mouse models of acute pneumonia and bacteremia and increased the survival rate in a mouse model of bacteremia. Our results demonstrate that FK5P is a safe and promising therapy against
Klebsiella
species as well as other ESKAPEE pathogens.
Identification of potential inhibitors of casein kinase 2 alpha of
Plasmodium falciparum
with potent
in vitro
activity
Authors: Tomaz Kaira C. P. , Tavella Tatyana A. , Borba Joyce V. B. , Salazar-Alvarez Luis C. , Levandoski João E. , Mottin Melina , Sousa Bruna K. P. , Moreira-Filho José T. , Almeida Vitor M. , Clementino Leandro C. , Bourgard Catarina , Massirer Katlin B. , Couñago Rafael M. , Andrade Carolina H. , Sunnerhagen Per , Bilsland Elizabeth , Cassiano Gustavo C. , Costa Fabio T. M. 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Drug resistance to commercially available antimalarials is a major obstacle in malaria control and elimination, creating the need to find new antiparasitic compounds with novel mechanisms of action. The success of kinase inhibitors for oncological treatments has paved the way for the exploitation of protein kinases as drug targets in various diseases, including malaria. Casein kinases are ubiquitous serine/threonine kinases involved in a wide range of cellular processes such as mitotic checkpoint signaling, DNA damage response, and circadian rhythm. In
Plasmodium
, it is suggested that these protein kinases are essential for both asexual and sexual blood-stage parasites, reinforcing their potential as targets for multi-stage antimalarials. To identify new putative
Pf
CK2α inhibitors, we utilized an
in silico
chemogenomic strategy involving virtual screening with docking simulations and quantitative structure-activity relationship predictions. Our investigation resulted in the discovery of a new quinazoline molecule (
542
), which exhibited potent activity against asexual blood stages and a high selectivity index (>100). Subsequently, we conducted chemical-genetic interaction analysis on yeasts with mutations in casein kinases. Our chemical-genetic interaction results are consistent with the hypothesis that
542
inhibits yeast Cka1, which has a hinge region with high similarity to
Pf
CK2α. This finding is in agreement with our
in silico
results suggesting that
542
inhibits
Pf
CK2α via hinge region interaction.