bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postoperative surgical site infection after preoperative use of razor versus clipper for hair removal in inguinal hernia surgery: A quasi‐randomized clinical trial
Authors: Thapa Niranjan , Basukala Sunil , Regmi Shiva K. , Shrestha Oshan , Paudel Sandip , Chaudhary Kabita , Metha Bipin , K. C. Manoj , Thapa Suman , Bista Sachhyatkar 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTrail DesignQuasi‐randomized clinical trial.MethodsParticipants: This study includes adult patients (≥18 years) who gave written consent for preoperative site preparation using razors or clippers. Exclusions comprised individuals <18 years, bilateral hernias, prior laparoscopic hernia repair, steroid/chemotherapy use, diagnosed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and incomplete medical documentation. Intervention: Patients who underwent hernia surgery during the initial week of the study underwent site preparation using a razor, while in subsequent weeks underwent site preparation using a clipper. This randomization was maintained throughout the study. Uniform site preparation was done by consistent staff. Postpreparation interviews, follow‐up interviews of the patients, and unbiased evaluation of digital photographs were conducted by nonoperating surgeon panels. Outcome: Preoperative, patient response, degree of skin trauma, quality of hair removal, and association between site preparation‐like parameters were compared and analyzed between two groups using Statistical Package for Social Sciences‐25. Blinding: In this study, blinding was not done and the primary investigator was aware of the two groups.ResultsThe total number of participants was 320. The mean age of the Razor group was 45.36 ± 14.68 years and that of Clipper was 44.42 ± 13.77 (p < 0.98). The incidence of surgical site infection (SSI) was 23 (14.4%) in the razor group and 8(5%) in the clipper group, (p = 0.01). Skin trauma was found more in the razor group as compared to the clipper group. Also, the analysis of the provided data revealed that 65% of participants who experienced sustained cuts developed SSI.ConclusionIn summary, the practice of preoperative hair removal on‐site preparation using a razor is associated with the incidence of skin trauma but overall shave quality at the operative site was better in the razor group with an apparent increased risk of SSI. Based on these findings, it would be better for surgeons to decide on an operation for either razors or clippers for preoperative preparation.
Global health concern on the rising dengue and chikungunya cases in the American regions: Countermeasures and preparedness
Authors: Mohapatra Ranjan K. , Bhattacharjee Priyadarshini , Desai Dhruv N. , Kandi Venkataramana , Sarangi Ashish K. , Mishra Snehasish , Sah Ranjit , Ibrahim Amani Ahmed AL. , Rabaan Ali A. , Zahan Kudrat E. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackground and AimSevere morbidity and mortality due to seasonal infectious diseases are common global public health issues. Vector‐borne viral illnesses like dengue and chikungunya overload the healthcare systems leading to critical financial burden to manage them. There is no effective drug or vaccine currently available to control these two diseases.MethodsThe review was formulated by incorporating relevant reports on chikungunya and dengue in the Americas regions through a comprehensive search of literature that were available on dedicated scientific publication portals such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science.ResultsThe strategies of public health administrations to control largely the mosquito vectors during tropical monsoon seem to be effective. Yet, it seems practically impossible to completely eliminate them. The mosquito vector disseminates the virus via transovarian route thereby internalising the virus through generations, a reason behind reappearing and recurring outbreaks. The numerous factors associated with industrialisation, urbanisation, population density, and easy transboundary movements appear to have contributed to the spread of vectors from an endemic region to elsewhere.ConclusionThe article made a state‐of‐affair comprehensive analysis of the rising dengue and chikungunya cases in the tropics, particularly the tropical Americas, as a human health concern, the countermeasures undertaken and the overall preparedness. The viral transmission is a hard situation to tackle as the vector survives in diverse temperature and ecology, is resistant to insecticides, and the unavailability of drugs. Better vector‐control measures and improved understanding of the reemerging arboviral infections could offer an extended reaction time to counter outbreaks, and minimise associated morbidity/mortality.
Predictive model for early detection of type 2 diabetes using patients' clinical symptoms, demographic features, and knowledge of diabetes
Authors: Ojurongbe Taiwo Adetola , Afolabi Habeeb Abiodun , Oyekale Adesola , Bashiru Kehinde Adekunle , Ayelagbe Olubunmi , Ojurongbe Olusola , Abbasi Saddam Akber , Adegoke Nurudeen A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsWith the global rise in type 2 diabetes, predictive modeling has become crucial for early detection, particularly in populations with low routine medical checkup profiles. This study aimed to develop a predictive model for type 2 diabetes using health check‐up data focusing on clinical details, demographic features, biochemical markers, and diabetes knowledge.MethodsData from 444 Nigerian patients were collected and analysed. We used 80% of this data set for training, and the remaining 20% for testing. Multivariable penalized logistic regression was employed to predict the disease onset, incorporating waist‐hip ratio (WHR), triglycerides (TG), catalase, and atherogenic indices of plasma (AIP).ResultsThe predictive model demonstrated high accuracy, with an area under the curve of 99% (95% CI = 97%–100%) for the training set and 94% (95% CI = 89%–99%) for the test set. Notably, an increase in WHR (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 70.35; 95% CI = 10.04–493.1, p‐value < 0.001) and elevated AIP (AOR = 4.55; 95% CI = 1.48–13.95, p‐value = 0.008) levels were significantly associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes, while higher catalase levels (AOR = 0.33; 95% CI = 0.22–0.49, p < 0.001) correlated with a decreased risk. In contrast, TG levels (AOR = 1.04; 95% CI = 0.40–2.71, p‐value = 0.94) were not associated with the disease.ConclusionThis study emphasizes the importance of using distinct clinical and biochemical markers for early type 2 diabetes detection in Nigeria, reflecting global trends in diabetes modeling, and highlighting the need for context‐specific methods. The development of a web application based on these results aims to facilitate the early identification of individuals at risk, potentially reducing health complications, and improving diabetes management strategies in diverse settings.
Current trends and challenges: The landscape of perioperative mortality in intracranial surgeries in low‐ and middle‐income settings: A narrative review
Authors: Roy Sakshi , Awuah Wireko Andrew , Ahluwalia Arjun , Adebusoye Favour T. , Ferreira Tomas , Tan Joecelyn K. , Bharadwaj Hareesha R. , Tenkorang Pearl O. , Abdul‐Rahman Toufik , Papadakis Marios 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsIntracranial surgeries are pivotal in treating cerebral pathologies, particularly in resource‐limited contexts, utilizing techniques such as craniotomy, transsphenoidal approaches, and endoscopy. However, challenges in low and middle income countries (LMICs), including resource scarcity, diagnostic delays, and a lack of skilled neurosurgeons, lead to elevated perioperative mortality (POM). This review seeks to identify major contributors to these challenges and recommend solutions for improved patient outcomes in neurosurgical care within LMICs.MethodsThis review examines POM in LMICs using a detailed literature search, focusing on studies from these regions. Databases like PubMed, EMBASE, and Google Scholar were utilized using specific terms related to “intracranial surgery,” “perioperative mortality,” “traumatic brain injuries,” and “LMICs.” Inclusion criteria covered various study designs and both pediatric and adult populations while excluding stand‐alone abstracts and case reports.ResultsPOM rates for intracranial surgeries differ widely across many low and middle‐income regions: Africa sees rates from 2.5% to 39.1%, Asia between 3.6% and 34.8%, and Latin America and the Caribbean have figures ranging from 1.3% to 12%. The POM rates in LMICs were relatively higher compared to most first‐world countries. The high POM rates in LMICs can be attributed to considerable delays and compromises in neurosurgical care delivery, exacerbated by late diagnoses and presentations of neurosurgical pathologies. This, coupled with limited resources, underdeveloped infrastructure, and training gaps, complicates intracranial disease management, leading to elevated POM.ConclusionIntracranial POM is a pronounced disparity within the neurosurgical field in LMICs. To mitigate intracranial POM, it is imperative to bolster healthcare infrastructure, amplify personnel training, foster global partnerships, and harness technologies like telemedicine. Tackling socioeconomic obstacles and prioritizing early detection through sustained funding and policy shifts can substantially enhance patient outcomes.
Dabrafenib plus Trametinib: A breakthrough in pediatric low‐grade glioma therapy
Authors: Dar Marrium Sultan , Shahid Nayab , Waqas Arisha , Baig Yumna Arif , Khan Aimen Waqar 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsPediatric‐type low‐grade gliomas (pLGGs) are the most common solid tumors in children, with v‐raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B (BRAF) mutations playing a significant role in their development. Dabrafenib and trametinib are targeted therapies that are recently approved by Food and Drug Administration for pediatric patients with pLGG harboring a BRAF V600E mutation.BodyThis study emphasizes the role of Dabrafenib and Trametinib in pLGG. A multicenter Phase I/II trial demonstrated the superior efficacy of dabrafenib plus trametinib (D+T) compared to carboplatin plus vincristine (C+T), with higher overall response rates, clinical benefit rates, and longer progression‐free survival. The safety profile of dabrafenib plus trametinib (D+T) was favorable, with fewer discontinuations and adverse events compared to the control group.ConclusionThe introduction of D+T as a targeted therapy represents a significant advancement in the management of pLGG, necessitating further investigations to understand its long‐term consequences and optimize patient care.
Impact of COVID‐19 on cancer incidence, presentation, diagnosis, treatment and survival in Northern Ireland
Authors: Bennett Damien , Murray Inez , Mitchell Helen , Gavin Anna , Donnelly David 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic had a major impact on cancer patients and services but has been difficult to quantify. We examined how the entire cancer pathway—from incidence, presentation, diagnosis, stage, treatment and survival—was affected in Northern Ireland during April–December 2020 compared to equivalent 2018–2019 periods using retrospective, observational cancer registry data from the Northern Ireland Cancer Registry (NICR). There were 6748 cancer cases in April–December 2020 and an average 7724 patients in April–December 2018–2019. Incident cases decreased by 13% (almost 1000). Significant differences were found across age cohorts and deprivation quintiles, with reductions greatest for younger people (<55 years; 19% decrease) and less deprived (22% decrease). A higher proportion had emergency admission (16%‐to‐20%) with lower proportions diagnosed pathologically (85%‐to‐83%). There was a significant stage shift, with lower proportions of early stage (29%‐to‐25%) and higher late‐stage (21%‐to‐23%). Lower proportions received surgery (41%‐to‐38%) and radiotherapy (24%‐to‐22%) with a higher proportion not receiving treatment (29%‐to‐33%). One‐year observed‐survival decreased from 73.7% to 69.8% and 1‐year net‐survival decreased from 76.1% to 72.9%, with differences driven by five tumours; Lung (40.3%‐to‐35.0%), Head‐and‐Neck (77.4%‐to‐68.4%), Oesophageal (53.5%‐to‐42.3%), Lymphoma (81.1%‐to‐75.2%) and Uterine cancer (87.4%‐to‐80.4%). Our study reveals profound adverse impact of COVID‐19 on the entire cancer patient pathway, with 13% fewer cases, greater emergency admissions and significant stage‐shift from early to more advanced‐stage disease. There was major treatment impact with lower rates of surgery and radiotherapy and higher proportions receiving no treatment. There were significant reductions in 1‐year survival. Our study will support service recovery and protect cancer services in future pandemics or disruptions.
Improving the diagnosis of ductal carcinoma in situ with microinvasion without immunohistochemistry: An innovative method with H&E‐stained and multiphoton microscopy images
Authors: Han Xiahui , Liu Yulan , Zhang Shichao , Li Lianhuang , Zheng Liqin , Qiu Lida , Chen Jianhua , Zhan Zhenlin , Wang Shu , Ma Jianli , Kang Deyong , Chen Jianxin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDuctal carcinoma in situ with microinvasion (DCISM) is a challenging subtype of breast cancer with controversial invasiveness and prognosis. Accurate diagnosis of DCISM from ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is crucial for optimal treatment and improved clinical outcomes. However, there are often some suspicious small cancer nests in DCIS, and it is difficult to diagnose the presence of intact myoepithelium by conventional hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained images. Although a variety of biomarkers are available for immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of myoepithelial cells, no single biomarker is consistently sensitive to all tumor lesions. Here, we introduced a new diagnostic method that provides rapid and accurate diagnosis of DCISM using multiphoton microscopy (MPM). Suspicious foci in H&E‐stained images were labeled as regions of interest (ROIs), and the nuclei within these ROIs were segmented using a deep learning model. MPM was used to capture images of the ROIs in H&E‐stained sections. The intensity of two‐photon excitation fluorescence (TPEF) in the myoepithelium was significantly different from that in tumor parenchyma and tumor stroma. Through the use of MPM, the myoepithelium and basement membrane can be easily observed via TPEF and second‐harmonic generation (SHG), respectively. By fusing the nuclei in H&E‐stained images with MPM images, DCISM can be differentiated from suspicious small cancer clusters in DCIS. The proposed method demonstrated good consistency with the cytokeratin 5/6 (CK5/6) myoepithelial staining method (kappa coefficient = 0.818).
Continuity of care for patients with de novo metastatic cancer during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A population‐based observational study
Authors: Slotman Ellis , Weijzen Feike , Fransen Heidi P. , van Hoeve Jolanda C. , Huijben Auke M. T. , Kuip Evelien J. M. , Jager Agnes , Kunst Peter W. A. , van Laarhoven Hanneke W. M. , Tol Jolien , Tjan‐Heijnen Vivianne C. G. , Raijmakers Natasja J. H. , van der Linden Yvette M. , Siesling Sabine ,   On‐behalf‐of‐the‐COVID‐and‐Cancer‐NL Consortium
Published: January 2024

AbstractDuring the COVID‐19 pandemic recommendations were made to adapt cancer care. This population‐based study aimed to investigate possible differences between the treatment of patients with metastatic cancer before and during the pandemic by comparing the initial treatments in five COVID‐19 periods (weeks 1–12 2020: pre‐COVID‐19, weeks 12–20 2020: 1st peak, weeks 21–41 2020: recovery, weeks 42–53 2020: 2nd peak, weeks 1–20 2021: prolonged 2nd peak) with reference data from 2017 to 2019. The proportion of patients receiving different treatment modalities (chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, immunotherapy or targeted therapy, radiotherapy primary tumor, resection primary tumor, resection metastases) within 6 weeks of diagnosis and the time between diagnosis and first treatment were compared by period. In total, 74,208 patients were included. Overall, patients were more likely to receive treatments in the COVID‐19 periods than in previous years. This mainly holds for hormone therapy, immunotherapy or targeted therapy and resection of metastases. Lower odds were observed for resection of the primary tumor during the recovery period (OR 0.87; 95% CI 0.77–0.99) and for radiotherapy on the primary tumor during the prolonged 2nd peak (OR 0.84; 95% CI 0.72–0.98). The time from diagnosis to the start of first treatment was shorter, mainly during the 1st peak (average 5 days, p < .001). These findings show that during the first 1.5 years of the COVID‐19 pandemic, there were only minor changes in the initial treatment of metastatic cancer. Remarkably, time from diagnosis to first treatment was shorter. Overall, the results suggest continuity of care for patients with metastatic cancer during the pandemic.
Recent trends in cervical cancer incidence, stage at diagnosis, and mortality according to county‐level income in the United States, 2000–2019
Authors: Amboree Trisha L. , Damgacioglu Haluk , Sonawane Kalyani , Adsul Prajakta , Montealegre Jane R. , Deshmukh Ashish A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractEarly evidence suggests that declining cervical cancer incidence reversed in low‐income regions in the United States in recent years; however, it is unclear whether there are distinct patterns by race/ethnicity and stage at diagnosis and if the increase has translated into rising mortality. Using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data, we evaluated trends in hysterectomy‐corrected cervical cancer incidence rates (2000–2019) and mortality rates (2005–2019) by county‐level income and race/ethnicity, with further stratification of incidence by stage at diagnosis. Following a period of decline, hysterectomy‐corrected cervical cancer incidence increased 1.0%/year (95% CI = 0.1% to 4.5%) among Non‐Hispanic White women in low‐income counties. Particularly, a statistically significant 4.4%/year (95% CI = 1.7% to 7.5%) increase in distant‐stage cancer occurred in this group. Additionally, recent increases in cervical cancer mortality (1.1%/year [95% CI = −1.4% to 3.7%]) were observed among this group and Non‐Hispanic Black women in low‐income counties (2.9%/year [95% CI = −2.3% to 18.2%]), but trends were not statistically significant. Among Hispanic women in low‐income counties, distant‐stage cervical cancer incidence increased 1.5%/year (95% CI = −0.6% to 4.1%), albeit not statistically significant. The increasing incidence of distant‐stage cervical cancer and mortality in specific racial/ethnic groups suggests that the recent introduction of higher sensitivity screening tests may not explain increasing trends in low‐income counties. Our findings suggest that the observed rise in cervical cancer incidence may reflect disruptions along the screening and treatment continuum. Future research to further comprehend these trends and continued enhancements in prevention are crucial to combat rising cervical cancer incidence and mortality in low‐income counties in the United States.
Novel surface biochemical modifications of urinary catheters to prevent catheter‐associated urinary tract infections
Authors: Safari Mohammad Sadegh , Mohabatkar Hassan , Behbahani Mandana 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMore than 70% of hospital‐acquired urinary tract infections are related to urinary catheters, which are commonly used for the treatment of about 20% of hospitalized patients. Urinary catheters are used to drain the bladder if there is an obstruction in the tube that carries urine out of the bladder (urethra). During catheter‐associated urinary tract infections, microorganisms rise up in the urinary tract and reach the bladder, and cause infections. Various materials are used to fabricate urinary catheters such as silicone, polyurethane, and latex. These materials allow bacteria and fungi to develop colonies on their inner and outer surfaces, leading to bacteriuria or other infections. Urinary catheters could be modified to exert antibacterial and antifungal effects. Although so many research have been conducted over the past years on the fabrication of antibacterial and antifouling catheters, an ideal catheter needs to be developed for long‐term catheterization of more than a month. In this review, we are going to introduce the recent advances in fabricating antibacterial materials to prevent catheter‐associated urinary tract infections, such as nanoparticles, antibiotics, chemical compounds, antimicrobial peptides, bacteriophages, and plant extracts.
Nanobiosensors for procalcitonin (PCT) analysis
Authors: Mobed Ahmad , Darvishi Mohammad , Tahavvori Amir , Alipourfard Iraj , Kohansal Fereshteh , Ghazi Farhood , Alivirdiloo Vahid 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundProcalcitonin (PCT) is a critical biomarker that is released in response to bacterial infections and can be used to differentiate the pathogenesis of the infectious process.ObjectiveIn this article, we provide an overview of recent advances in PCT biosensors, highlighting different approaches for biosensor construction, different immobilization methods, advantages and roles of different matrices used, analytical performance, and PCT biosensor construction. Also, we will explain PCT biosensors sensible limits of detection (LOD), linearity, and other analytical characteristics. Future prospects for the development of better PCT biosensor systems are also discussed.MethodsTraditional methods such as capillary electrophoresis, high‐performance liquid chromatography, and mass spectrometry are effective in analyzing PCT in the medical field, but they are complicated, time‐consuming sample preparation, and require expensive equipment and skilled personnel.ResultsIn the past decades, PCT biosensors have emerged as simple, fast, and sensitive tools for PCT analysis in various fields, especially medical fields.ConclusionThese biosensors have the potential to accompany or replace traditional analytical methods by simplifying or reducing sample preparation and making field testing easier and faster, while significantly reducing the cost per analysis.