bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disease‐specific symptoms and general quality of life of patients with prostate carcinoma before and after primary three‐dimensional conformal radiotherapy
Authors: Staff Ilene , Salner Andrew , Bohannon Richard , Panatieri Pauline , Maljanian Rose 
Published: November 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDApproximately 189,000 men are diagnosed with prostate carcinoma each year and more than 1 million are living with the disease. Good prognoses and undesirable sequelae accompany each of several available primary and adjuvant treatment options. The current study explored the effects of primary three‐dimensional conformal radiotherapy with or without neoadjuvant hormonal therapy on urinary, bowel, and sexual symptoms and health‐related quality of life (HRQOL).METHODSA prospective, repeated‐measures design study included 100 patients. Data from the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form Health Survey (a measure of general HRQOL) and a 12‐item symptom questionnaire were collected before the start of radiotherapy, approximately 1–3 months after completion of treatment, and again approximately 5–10 months after completion of treatment for follow‐up.RESULTSPatients reported few urinary symptoms after treatment. Bowel frequency and urgency were reported more frequently posttreatment and at follow‐up. Erectile difficulties, which were common pretreatment, were reported with increased frequency posttreatment and at follow‐up. General HRQOL scores were higher than age‐related general population norms for men at all three data collection times, but there were significant losses posttreatment for patients' physical functioning and vitality. At the 5–10‐month follow‐up, physical functioning remained lower but vitality scores regained some of the losses. A more extended follow‐up is needed. Neoadjuvant therapy, which was received before the pretreatment data collection, had a deleterious effect on erectile functioning but no interactive effects with the radiotherapy on symptoms or HRQOL.CONCLUSIONSAlthough patients with a diagnosis of prostate carcinoma experienced increased bowel and sexual dysfunction and decreased vitality after radiotherapy, their HRQOL scores remained at or above age‐related general population norms. Cancer 2003. © 2003 American Cancer Society.
Presence of the latent membrane protein 1 gene in nasopharyngeal swabs from patients with mucosal recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Tsang Ngan‐Ming , Chuang Chi‐Cheng , Tseng Chen‐Kan , Hao Sheng‐Po , Kuo Tseng‐Tong , Lin Chien‐Yu , Pai Ping‐Ching 
Published: November 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDNasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is the most common head and neck malignancy in southeastern China and Taiwan. Early detection of the local disease followed by timely and appropriate treatment is essential to increasing cure and survival rates. Detection of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) genomic DNA, such as the latent membrane protein 1 gene (LMP‐1), in patients postirradiation during follow‐up may indicate mucosal recurrence.METHODSSeventy‐one patients with NPC underwent serial nasopharyngeal swabs for LMP‐1 polymerase chain reaction assay before, during, and after irradiation. All of patients achieved a complete disease remission of the LMP‐1 gene after irradiation that lasted for at least 6 months.RESULTSThe median LMP‐1 disease remission time after the beginning of irradiation was 4.3 weeks. Patients with early LMP‐1 disease remission (≤ 4 weeks after the beginning of irradiation) and delayed LMP‐1 disease remission (> 4 weeks) had 3‐year local control rates of 93.5% and 76.9%, respectively (P = 0.0529). The LMP‐1 gene was detected again (reexpression of LMP‐1 [re‐LMP‐1]) in 10 patients after irradiation with at least 6 months of follow‐up. Nine of 10 patients (90%) in the re‐LMP‐1 positive group and 2 of 61 patients (3.3%) in the re‐LMP‐1 negative group developed local recurrence. Mucosal recurrence developed in nine patients, and all displayed re‐LMP‐1. By detecting re‐LMP‐1 using nasopharyngeal swabs, mucosal recurrence was diagnosed with a sensitivity of 100% (9 of 9 patients) and a specificity of 98.4% (61 of 62 patients). The 3‐year overall survival rate, the disease free survival rate for the entire group, and the estimated local mucosal control rates in the re‐LMP‐1 positive and re‐LMP‐1 negative groups were 86.5%, 76.5%, 19.4%, and 96.7%, respectively.CONCLUSIONSExpression of EBV LMP‐1 in nasopharyngeal swab specimens from patients with irradiated/treated NPC can provide a highly sensitive and specific method of forecasting mucosal recurrence. This investigation confirmed the reliability and feasibility of nasopharyngeal swabs in screening for mucosal recurrences in patients with NPC. Cancer 2003. © 2003 American Cancer Society.
Impact of race on outcome after definitive radiotherapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck
Authors: Al‐Othman Majid O. F. , Morris Christopher G. , Logan Henrietta L. , Hinerman Russell W. , Amdur Robert J. , Mendenhall William M. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe objective of the current study was to evaluate the impact of race (black vs. white) on the outcome of patients with invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.METHODSBetween 1983 and 1997, 686 patients completed definitive, twice‐daily radiotherapy (RT) alone or combined with a planned neck dissection; no patients received adjuvant chemotherapy. The minimum follow‐up was 2 years, and median follow‐up was 7 years for living patients. No patients were lost to follow‐up. Fifty‐five patients were black (8%).RESULTSAlthough the two groups had similar 5‐year local‐regional control rates (black patients vs. white patients: 70% vs. 76%, respectively;P= 0.275), black patients had double the risk for distant recurrence compared with white patients (27% vs. 13%;P= 0.012). The 5‐year cause‐specific and absolute survival rates were lower for black patients (52% vs. 74% [P= 0.001] and 29% vs. 52% [P< 0.001], respectively). Multivariate analyses revealed that race was an independent predictor of freedom from distant metastasis (P= 0.013), cause‐specific survival (P= 0.005), and absolute survival (P< 0.001).CONCLUSIONSAlthough equal local‐regional control rates can be achieved in black patients and white patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, the risk of distant recurrence was significantly higher in black patients and resulted in decreased survival. Reevaluation of current strategies for pretreatment metastatic work‐ups and development of more effective systemic therapy will be key to improving the survival disparity in this group. Cancer 2003. © 2003 American Cancer Society.
Indole‐3‐carbinol induces a G1 cell cycle arrest and inhibits prostate‐specific antigen production in human LNCaP prostate carcinoma cells
Authors: Zhang Joann , Hsu B.A. Jocelyn C. , Kinseth B.A. Matthew A. , Bjeldanes Leonard F. , Firestone Gary L. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDIndole‐3‐carbinol (I3C), a naturally occurring component of Brassica vegetables, such as cabbage, broccoli, and Brussels sprouts, is a promising anticancer agent for certain reproductive tumor cells. The objective of the current study was to characterize the cell cycle effects of I3C in human prostate carcinoma cells.METHODSThe incorporation of [3H]thymidine and flow cytometry of propidium iodide–stained nuclei were used to monitor I3C‐regulated changes in prostate carcinoma cell proliferation and cell cycle progression. Western blotting was used to document expression changes in cell cycle components and prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) levels. The enzymatic activities of cyclin‐dependent kinases (CDK) were tested by in vitro protein kinase assays using the retinoblastoma protein as a substrate.RESULTSI3C suppressed the growth of LNCaP prostate carcinoma cells in a dose‐dependent manner by inducing a G1 block in cell cycle progression. I3C selectively inhibited the expression of CDK6 protein and transcripts and strongly stimulated the production of the p16 CDK inhibitor. In vitro protein kinase assays revealed the striking inhibition by I3C of immunoprecipitated CDK2 enzymatic activity and the relatively minor down‐regulation of CDK4 enzymatic activity. In LNCaP prostate carcinoma cells, I3C treatment inhibited production of PSA, whereas combinations of I3C and the androgen antagonist flutamide more effectively inhibited DNA synthesis and PSA levels compared with either agent alone.CONCLUSIONSThe results of the current study demonstrated that I3C has a potent antiproliferative effect in LNCaP and other human prostate carcinoma cells. These findings implicate this dietary indole as a potential chemotherapeutic agent for controlling the growth of human prostate carcinoma cells. Cancer 2003. © 2003 American Cancer Society.
Dynamic‐window search for real‐time simulation of dynamic systems
Authors: Yoon Sugjoon , Kang Hyounjoo 
Published: November 2003

Abstract1Various parameter values are provided in the form of tables, where data keys are ordered and unevenly spaced in general, for real‐time simulation of system components or dynamics of vehicles such as airplanes, automobiles, ships, and so on. The main purpose of this study is to compare conventional searching algorithms and to find or develop the most efficient searching method under constraint of real‐time simulation, especially hardware‐in‐the‐loop simulation. Since the real‐time constraint enforces use of a fixed step size in the integration of system differential equations because of the inherent nature of input from and output to real hardware, the worst case of iterated probes in searching algorithms is the key measure of comparison. If a parameter value has certain dynamics because of its relation with the state variables of the simulated system, the integration algorithm and the step size, a searching region at a given time frame can be reduced dramatically from the entire data table taking advantage of the information. The size of the reduced searching region, named dynamic‐searching window, varies and the window moves by its own dynamics as simulation time runs. Numerous numerical experiments were conducted with various data tables of different sizes and types, and yielded results compatible with relevant theories. In conclusion, whether bisection or interpolation or fast search is used in real‐time hardware‐in‐the‐loop simulation, the combination of dynamic‐window search guarantees a more stable and faster search of parameter values than using conventional algorithms alone. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Generation and characterization of the humoral immune response to DNA immunization with a chimeric β‐amyloid‐interleukin‐4 minigene
Authors: Ghochikyan Anahit , Vasilevko Vitaly , Petrushina Irina , Movsesyan Nina , Babikyan Davit , Tian Wenqiang , Sadzikava Nadya , Ross Ted M. , Head Elizabeth , Cribbs David H. , Agadjanyan Michael G. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractActive immunization with fibrillar β–amyloid peptide (Aβ42) as well as passive transfer of anti‐Aβ antibodies significantly reduces Aβ plaque deposition, neuritic dystrophy, and astrogliosis in the brain of mutant amyloid precursor protein (APP)‐transgenic mice. Although the mechanism(s) of clearance of Aβ from the brain following active or passive immunization remains to be determined, it is clear that anti‐Aβ antibodies are critical for clearance. DNA immunization provides an attractive alternative to direct peptide and adjuvant approaches for inducing a humoral response to Aβ. We constructed a DNA minigene with Aβ fused to mouse interleukin‐4 (pAβ42‐IL‐4) as a molecular adjuvant to generate anti‐Aβ antibodies and enhance the Th2‐type of immune responses. Gene gun immunizations induced primarily IgG1 and IgG2b anti‐Aβ antibodies. Fine epitope analysis with overlapping peptides of the Aβ42 sequence identified the 1–15 region as a dominant B cell epitope. The DNA minigene‐induced anti‐Aβ antibodies bound to Aβ plaques in brain tissue from an Alzheimer's disease patient demonstrating functional activity of the antibodies and the potential for therapeutic efficacy.
Cutaneous lymphocyte antigen expression on human effector B cells depends on the site and on the nature of antigen encounter
Authors: Kantele Anu , Savilahti Erkki , Tiimonen Heidi , Iikkanen Katja , Autio Soile , Kantele Jussi M. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractIn contrast to T cells, information on skin‐homing B cells expressing the cutaneous lymphocyte antigen (CLA) is sparse. CLA expression on human B cells was investigated among circulating immunoglobulin‐secreting cells (ISC) and among antigen‐specific antibody‐secreting cells (ASC) elicited by parenteral, oral or rectal primary immunization, or by parenteral or oral secondary immunizationwith Salmonella typhi Ty21a. CLA expression was examined by combining cell sorting with an enzyme‐linked immunospot assay. Among all ISC, the proportion of CLA+ cells was 13–21%. Parenteral immunization induced antigen‐specific ASC of which 13% were CLA+, while oral and rectal immunizations were followed by only 1% of CLA+ ASC (p<0.001). Oral re‐immunization was followed by an up‐regulation of CLA (34–48%) regardless of the route of priming. Parenteral re‐immunization elicited ASC of which 9–14% were CLA+. In conclusion, the expression of CLA on human effector B cells depends on the site of antigen encounter: intestinal stimulation elicits cells with no CLA, while parenteral encounter elicits significant numbers of CLA+ cells. Even though primary antigen encounter in the intestine failed to stimulate CLA expression, up‐regulation of CLA was found upon intestinal antigen re‐encounter. These findings may be of relevance in the pathogenesis of some cutaneous disorders.
IL‐12 receptor deficiency revisited: IL‐23‐mediated signaling is also impaired in human genetic IL‐12 receptor β1 deficiency
Authors: Hoeve Marieke A. , de Boer Tjitske , Langenberg Dennis M. L. , Sanal Ozden , Verreck Frank A. W. , Ottenhoff Tom H. M. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractIFN‐γ and IL‐12 are crucial cytokines for cell‐mediated immunity against intracellular pathogens. We have previously shown that human IL‐12Rβ1‐deficiency leads to impaired IL‐12 responsiveness and unusual susceptibility to infections due to mycobacteria and salmonellae. IL‐23 is a cytokine with functions that partially overlap with those of IL‐12. IL‐23 consists of IL‐12p40 and anovel p19 protein, and binds to a receptor complex comprising IL‐12Rβ1 and IL‐23R. Thus, IL‐12Rβ1‐deficiency may impair both IL‐12‐ and IL‐23 signaling, and both may contribute to the immunological phenotypes. To examine whether IL‐12Rβ1 is essential for IL‐23 signaling in human T cells, we have studied IL‐23 responsiveness of four IL‐12Rβ1‐deficient individuals. Whereas IL‐23promoted IFN‐γ production by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in controls, IL‐12Rβ1‐deficient T cells lacked IL‐23‐induced IFN‐γ secretion, but responded normally to IL‐2, IL‐4, IL‐15 and IL‐18. We also show that induction of IFN‐γ production by IL‐23 depends upon TCR‐ligation and is enhanced by CD28‐costimulation. Furthermore, IL‐23 cooperates with IL‐12 and IL‐18 in promoting IFN‐γ production in controls, but not in patients. We conclude that IL‐12Rβ1‐deficiency impairs IL‐12‐ and IL‐23‐dependent signaling in human T cells. The syndrome caused by IL‐12Rβ1‐deficiency thus needs to be reinterpreted as resulting from defective IL‐12‐as well as IL‐23‐mediated immunity.
Mini‐review CD4 T cells are required for CD8 T cell memory generation
Authors: Bourgeois Christine , Tanchot Corinne 
Published: November 2003

AbstractWhereas the role of CD4 T cells in B cell memory generation is well established and unequivocal, the role that CD4 T cells play in CD8 responses was until recently far more elusive and controversial. A series of recent reports, however, have re‐assessed the role of CD4 help on CD8 responses and have given rise to surprisingly unambiguous conclusions. While studying very different systems, they demonstrated that CD4 T cells are absolutely required for the generation of bona fide CD8 memory cells; the reports allow, for the first time, strong analogies to be made between B and CD8 memory cell generation. These data invite us to drastically change our idea of CD4 help on CD8 responses because they show that the old dichotomy — Th‐dependent versus Th‐independentCD8 responses — is no longer accurate.
Selective Formation of Inter‐ and Intramolecular A‐D‐A π‐π Stacking: Solid‐State Structures of Bis(pyridiniopropyl)benzenes
Authors: Koizumi Take‐aki , Tsutsui Kanako , Tanaka Koji 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe synthesis and molecular structures of bis(pyridiniopropyl)benzene derivatives, [1,4‐(4‐R‐C5H4N+CH2CH2CH2)2C6H4][X−]2 (1, R = H, X = I; 2, R = tBu, X = Br) have been investigated. Compound 1 adopts a linear structure in the solid state and the crystal packing geometry can be defined as isolated triplets formed by the phenylene ring of one molecule and two pyridinium rings of two neighboring molecules. In contrast, compound 2 has an S‐shaped arrangement, and an intramolecular acceptor−donor−acceptor triplet is formed among the central phenylene ring and two terminal pyridinium rings in the same molecule. Such a distinct difference in the crystal structures of 1 and 2 can be ascribed to the substituent on the pyridinium unit. The steric repulsion of the bulky tert‐butyl group hinders intermolecular A‐D‐A π‐π stacking. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
2‐Substituted (Azulen‐1‐yl)ethenes
Authors: Razus Alexandru C. , Nitu Carmen , Tecuceanu Victorita , Cimpeanu Valentin 
Published: November 2003

AbstractAn easy and efficient solvent‐free synthesis of 1‐(azulen‐1‐yl)‐2‐aryl‐ and heteroarylethenes is described. The reaction was performed simply by melting solid mixtures of azulenic Schiff bases and arylacetic acids, the crude products being purified by column chromatography. Limitations of the method were established by study of a large range of aryl and heteroarylacetic acids and also by examination of various azulenic Schiff bases. The same reaction was observed with other active methylene compounds, such as malonic acid and its derivatives or 1,3‐diketones. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Exploring Structural Opportunities: The Regioflexible Substitution of 1,3‐Difluorobenzene
Authors: Schlosser Manfred , Heiss Christophe 
Published: November 2003

AbstractTo demonstrate the superiority of modern organometallic methods, the inexpensive starting material 1,3‐difluorobenzene has been selectively converted into the three benzoic acids and all seven bromobenzoic acids containing the two fluorine atoms in homovicinal positions. The 2,6‐difluorobenzoic acid (1) was prepared in a one‐pot reaction consisting of direct metallation and carboxylation. The key step on the route to the bromobenzoic acid 4 was a deprotonation‐triggered bromine migration from the 2‐ to the 4‐position. All other products were attained through (2,6‐difluorophenyl)triethylsilane (11). Consecutive deprotonation of the sites adjacent to the fluorine atoms, followed by appropriate electrophilic substitution, provided not only the acid 7 but also the dibromo and iodobromo derivatives 13 and 23. These in turn gave the isomers 14 and 24 upon base‐mediated migration of the heaviest halogen, which made the acids 8 and 10 directly accessible. The regiocontrolled monodebromination of intermediate 14 afforded (4‐bromo‐2,6‐difluoro)triethylsilane (15), which opened the route to the acids 3 and 5 (by carboxylation and protodesilylation) and to acid 9 (by carboxylation and bromodesilylation). (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Further Studies on the Synthesis of meso‐Tetraarylazuliporphyrins under Lindsey−Rothemund Reaction Conditions and Their Conversion into Benzocarbaporphyrins
Authors: Lash Timothy D. , Colby Denise A. , Ferrence Gregory M. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractAzulene has been shown to react with pyrrole and a series of aromatic aldehydes in the presence of boron trifluoride etherate to give meso‐tetraarylazuliporphyrins 6. Good yields of azuliporphyrins were obtained for benzaldehyde, 4‐chlorobenzaldehyde, 4‐bromobenzaldehyde, and 4‐iodobenzaldehyde, and under dilute conditions p‐tolualdehyde gave respectable yields. In each case, substantial amounts of meso‐tetraarylporphyrins were also formed and a minor fraction of carbaporphyrin by‐products could be detected, but otherwise no other macrocyclic products could be identified. 4‐Nitrobenzaldehyde gave relatively poor yields of the corresponding azuliporphyrin, while p‐anisaldehyde only gave trace amounts of product. Pentafluorobenzaldehyde gave variable results, although in this case a large number of additional by‐products were identified including N‐fused pentaphyrin, hexaphyrin, and higher order porphyrinoids, but no expanded azulene‐containing macrocycles could be detected. Azuliporphyrins undergo reversible nucleophilic substitution on the seven‐membered ring with pyrrolidine, benzenethiol, hydrazine, or benzylamine to give carbaporphyrin adducts. This property appears to facilitate an oxidative ring contraction of azuliporphyrins 6 with tert‐butyl hydroperoxide in the presence of potassium hydroxide to produce mixtures of benzocarbaporphyrins 19 and 20. Tetraaryl‐benzocarbaporphyrins exhibit slightly reduced diatropic ring currents compared to their meso‐unsubstituted counterparts, although their UV/Vis spectra are very porphyrin‐like and exhibit strong Soret bands near 450 nm. The benzocarbaporphyrins undergo reversible protonation to give monocationic and dicationic species. The latter involves C‐protonation to generate an internal CH2 within the macrocyclic cavity. X‐ray crystallography of tetraphenylbenzocarbaporphyrin 19a confirms that the preferred tautomer has the two NHs on either side of the indene subunit, in agreement with previous theoretical and spectroscopic studies. In addition, the presence of phenyl substituents at the 5,20‐positions was found to tilt the indene moiety substantially by 27.4(1)° relative to the [18]annulene substructure. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Cover Picture: Studies in the Cycloproparene Series: Unexpected Products from Peterson Olefinations (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 23/2003)
Authors: Halton Brian , Boese Roland , Dixon Gareth M. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe cover picture shows the computed density potential (left) for the expected calicene from Peterson olefination of 1,1‐disilylcyclopropa[b]naphthalene with tetracyclone. The alcohol actually obtained from the reaction is shown on the right in its favoured conformation. Details are discussed in the article by B. Halton et al. on p. 4507 ff.
Electrochemical Studies of Thiol Self‐Assembled Monolayers at a Heated Gold‐Wire Microelectrode
Authors: Wang Jun , Gründler Peter 
Published: November 2003

AbstractMercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA) and glutathione (GSH) self‐assembled monolayers were prepared on gold‐ wire microelectrode. Cyclic voltammetry was used to investigate the influence of temperature on electrochemical behaviors of Fe(CN)63−/4− and Ru(NH3)63+/2+ at these SAMs modified electrodes in aqueous solution. It is found that temperature shows great influence on electron transfer (ET) and mass transport (MT) for the two SAMs modified electrodes and the influence of temperature depends on the charge properties of the redox couples and terminal groups of SAMs and the structure of the monolayer on gold surface. The temperature can greatly increase MT rate of Fe(CN)63−/4− at both MUA and GSH modified electrodes. However, the increased MT rate doesn't have any effect on the CV's for Fe(CN)63−/4− /MUA system. For Ru(NH3)63+/2+ , temperature can greatly improve the electrochemical reaction in both MUA and GSH modified electrodes, which is ascribed to temperature‐induced diffusion and convection and the electrostatic interaction between Ru(NH3)63+/2+ and negatively charged carboxyl groups on the electrode surface.