bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coactivators p300 and PCAF physically and functionally interact with the foamy viral trans-activator
Authors: Bannert Helmut , Muranyi Walter , Ogryzko Vasily V , Nakatani Yoshihiro , Flügel Rolf M 
Published: September 2004

Abstract
Background
Foamy virus Bel1/Tas trans-activators act as key regulators of gene expression and directly bind to Bel1 response elements (BRE) in both the internal and the 5'LTR promoters leading to strong transcriptional trans-activation. Cellular coactivators interacting with Bel1/Tas are unknown to date.

Results
Transient expression assays, co-immunoprecipitation experiments, pull-down assays, and Western blot analysis were used to demonstrate that the coactivator p300 and histone acetyltransferase PCAF specifically interact with the retroviral trans-activator Bel1/Tas in vivo. Here we show that the Bel1/Tas-mediated trans-activation was enhanced by the coactivator p300, histone acetyltransferases PCAF and SRC-1 based on the crucial internal promoter BRE. The Bel1/Tas-interacting region was mapped to the C/H1 domain of p300 by co-immunoprecipitation and pull-down assays. In contrast, coactivator SRC-1 previously reported to bind to the C-terminal domain of p300 did not directly interact with the Bel1 protein but nevertheless enhanced Bel1/Tas-mediated trans-activation. Cotransfection of Bel1/Tas and p300C with an expression plasmid containing the C/H1domain partially inhibited the p300C-driven trans-activation.

Conclusions
Our data identify p300 and PCAF as functional partner molecules that directly interact with Bel1/Tas. Since the acetylation activities of the three coactivators reside in or bind to the C-terminal regions of p300, a C/H1 expression plasmid was used as inhibitor. This is the first report of a C/H1 domain-interacting retroviral trans-activator capable of partially blocking the strong Bel1/Tas-mediated activation of the C-terminal region of coactivator p300. The potential mechanisms and functional roles of the three histone and factor acetyltransferases p300, PCAF, and SRC-1 in Bel1/Tas-mediated trans-activation are discussed.
An economic analysis of premarriage prevention of hepatitis B transmission in Iran
Authors: Adibi Peyman , Rezailashkajani Mohammadreza , Roshandel Delnaz , Behrouz Negar , Ansari Shahin , Somi Mohammad Hossein , Shahraz Saeed , Zali Mohammad Reza 
Published: September 2004

Abstract
Background
To assess the economic aspects of HBV (hepatitis B virus) transmission prevention for premarriage individuals in a country with cultural backgrounds like Iran and intermediate endemicity of HBV infection.

Methods
A cost-effectiveness analysis model was used from the health care system and society perspectives. The effectiveness was defined as the number of chronic HBV infections averted owing to one of the following strategies:
1) HBsAg screening to find those would-be couples one of whom is HBsAg positive and putting seronegative subjects on a protection protocol comprising HBV vaccination, single dose HBIG and condom protection.
2) HBsAg screening as above, in addition to performing HBcAb screening in the HBsAg negative spouses of the HBsAg positive persons and giving the protocol only to HBcAb negative ones.
Sensitivity and threshold analyses were conducted.

Results
The cost of each chronic infection averted was 202$ and 197$ for the strategies 1 and 2, respectively. Sensitivity analysis showed that strategy 2 was always slightly cheaper than strategy 1. The discounted threshold value for the lifetime costs of chronic liver disease, above which the model was cost saving was 2818$ in strategy 1 and 2747$ in strategy 2.

Conclusions
Though premarriage prevention of HBV transmission in the countries with cultural backgrounds similar to Iran seems cost saving, further studies determining precise costs of HBV infection in Iran can lead to a better analysis.
Tuberculosis presenting as immune thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: Ozkalemkas Fahir , Ali Ridvan , Ozkan Atilla , Ozcelik Tulay , Ozkocaman Vildan , Kunt-Uzaslan Esra , Bahadir-Erdogan Beril , Akalin Halis 
Published: September 2004

Abstract
Background
Although various hematologic abnormalities are seen in tuberculosis, immune thrombocytopenic purpura is a rare event.

Case Presentation
We report a case of a 29 year-old male who was presented with immune thrombocytopenia-induced hemoptysis, macroscopic hematuria and generalized petechiae. The patient was found to have clinical, microbiological and radiological evidence of active pulmonary tuberculosis. The immune thrombocytopenic purpura was successfully treated with anti-tuberculous drugs combined with corticosteroids and high dose immune globulin therapy.

Conclusion
Immune thrombocytopenic purpura can be one of the hematological manifestations of tuberculosis which has a global prevalence with increasing incidence secondary to HIV infection.
A novel epitope of N-CAM defines precursors of human adherent NK cells
Authors: Li Shen , Xu Jun , Makarenkova Valeria P , Tjandrawan Tjendimin , Vakkila Jukka , Reichert Torsten , Gooding William , Lagenaur Carl F , Achim Cristian L , Chambers William H , Herberman Ronald B , Whiteside Theresa L , Vujanovic Nikola L 
Published: September 2004

AbstractActivated, adherent natural killer (A-NK) cells represent a distinct subpopulation of interleukin (IL)-2-stimulated NK cells, which are selectively endowed with the increased expression of integrins and ability to adhere to solid surfaces, migrate into, infiltrate, and destroy cancerous tissues. The present study defines the phenotype and functions of precursors of A-NK (pre-A-NK) cells in humans. Peripheral blood pre-A-NK cells, in contrast to the rest of NK cells, express a novel epitope of CD56 neuronal cell adhesion molecule, termed ANK-1, and increased cell-surface levels of integrins. Pre-A-NK cells also express low levels of CD56 and CD161, and some express CD162 receptor, do not express CD25 or activation markers, and are effective mediators of NK cytotoxicity. Thus, pre-A-NK cells are generally similar to CD56dim NK cells. However, pre-A-NK cells differ from the main NK cell subpopulation by having a lower expression level of CD16 and a lower ability to mediate redirected antibody-dependent, cell-mediated cytotoxicity. More importantly, pre-A-NK cells are preferentially endowed with the ability to rapidly respond to IL-2 by integrin-mediated adherence to endothelial cells, extracellular matrix, and plastic. This early, specific response of pre-A-NK cells to IL-2 is followed by their activation, vigorous proliferation, and differentiation into phenotypically and functionally similar A-NK cells. Pre-A-NK cells represent only ∼26% of peripheral blood NK cells but encompass the majority of NK cells in normal and cancerous, solid tissues. We conclude that pre-A-NK cells represent a distinct subset of resting, mature NK cells with the characteristics indicative of their ability to migrate and reside in solid tissues.
Rat NKp46 activates natural killer cell cytotoxicity and is associated with FcɛRIγ and CD3ζ
Authors: Westgaard Ingunn H , Berg Siri F , Vaage John T , Wang Lawrence L , Yokoyama Wayne M , Dissen Erik , Fossum Sigbjørn 
Published: September 2004

AbstractNKp46 has been identified in the human, rat, mouse, monkey, and cattle. We have generated a monoclonal antibody, WEN23, against rat NKp46. By flow cytometry, NKp46 is expressed by all natural killer (NK) cells but not by T cells, B cells, granulocytes, monocytes, dendritic cells, or macrophages. Thus, NKp46/WEN23 is the first NK cell-specific marker in the rat. In a redirected lysis assay, preincubation of the effector cells with WEN23 augmented lysis of the Fc receptor (FcR)+ murine tumor target cells, indicating that NKp46 is an activating NK cell receptor. Moreover, preincubation of the effector cells with WEN23 F(ab′)2 fragments reduced killing of target cells, confirming the activating function of NKp46 and indicating that the mouse tumor target cells express a ligand for rat NKp46. Lysis of FcR− mouse and human tumor target cells was reduced after incubation of effector cells with WEN23, suggesting that rat NKp46 recognizes a ligand that is conserved between primates and rodents. By Western blot and immunoprecipitation using WEN23, NKp46 is expressed as a monomer of ∼47 kDa in interleukin-2-activated NK cells. The immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif bearing adaptor proteins CD3ζ and the γ chain of FcRI for IgE (FcɛRIγ) with NKp46 from lysates of NK cells, indicating that rat NKp46 activates NK cell cytotoxicity by similar pathways as CD16.
Granulocyte chemotactic protein-2 mediates adaptive immunity in part through IL-8Rβ interactions
Authors: Singh Udai P , Singh Shailesh , Boyaka Prosper N , McGhee Jerry R , Lillard James W 
Published: September 2004

AbstractChemokines constitute a large family of structurally related proteins that play a role in leukocyte migration and differentiation. Indeed, the early expression of human CXC chemokine receptor 1 (hCXCR1) and hCXCR2 [homologous to mouse interleukin (IL)-8Rβ] ligands by the epithelium is a hallmark of the mucosal host defense. Mice lack IL-8; however, granulocyte chemotactic protein-2 (GCP-2)/lipopolysaccharide-induced CXC chemokine, a murine homologue of human GCP-2, has 32% and 61% sequence identity to human IL-8 and GCP-2, respectively, and binds hCXCR1, hCXCR2, and mouse IL-8Rβ. To better understand the role of GCP-2 in adaptive immunity and as a nasal adjuvant, we characterized the exogenous effects of this CXC chemokine on cellular and humoral mucosal immune responses. GCP-2 significantly enhanced serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and mucosal IgA antibodies through increased cytokine secretion by CD4+ T cells. These alterations in humoral and cellular responses were preceded by an increase in the number of B cells in the nasal tract, a decrease in the number of CD4+ T cells in the nasal tract as well as cervical lymph nodes, and an increase in the number of neutrophils in the nasal tract 12 h after GCP-2 immunization. This chemokine also modulated CD28 expression by CD4+ T cells during CD3ɛ stimulation of wild-type mice. GCP-2 increased CD80 and CD86 expression on B cells during in vitro stimulation in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, cytokine and costimulatory molecule enhancement by GCP-2 was not induced by lymphocytes from IL-8Rβ−/− mice, suggesting that GCP-2 modulates cellular immunity in part through IL-8Rβ interactions.
Factors Predictive of Tumor-Positive Nonsentinel Lymph Nodes After Tumor-Positive Sentinel Lymph Node Dissection for Melanoma
Authors: Lee Jonathan H. , Essner Richard , Torisu-Itakura Hitoe , Wanek Leslie , Wang Hejing , Morton Donald L. 
Published: September 2004

Purpose Approximately 20% of sentinel node (SN) positive melanoma patients have additional non-SN (NSN) metastasis. The rationale for this study was to identify the factors associated with additional nodal disease, as a method to determine which patients may most benefit from completion lymph node dissection (CLND). Patients and Methods During 1990 to 2002, 1,599 patients have undergone SN biopsy at our institute. 19.5% underwent CLND for tumor-positive SN. One hundred ninety-one of these patients had clinicopathologic information available for review. Univariate analyses used χ2 test, Wilcoxson rank sum test, and χ2 test for trend. Multivariate analyses used logistic regression and Wald test. Results Forty-six (24%) patients had tumor-positive NSN. Univariate analyses showed that primary thickness (Breslow and Clark), primary site, SN tumor size, and number of tumor-positive SNs were significantly associated with tumor-positive NSN. Multivariate analysis (167 patients), confirmed that Breslow and SN tumor size were independently predictive. Sex, histology, ulceration, mitotic index, and SN basin location were not predictive. Risk stratification by the number of prognostic factors present (Breslow ≥ 3 mm and SN tumor size ≥ 2 mm) showed that probability of finding tumor-positive NSN was 12.3% in the low-risk group (0 factors), 30.9% in the intermediate-risk group (1 factor), and 41.9% in the high-risk group (2 factors). Conclusion Thicker primary and larger SN tumor size are factors that correlate best with tumor-positive NSN. Although none of these factors are absolutely predictive of residual nodal disease, these factors must be strongly considered if the SN contains metastasis, as they provide enhanced risk assessment for NSN tumor-positivity.
Serum Cardiac Troponins and N-Terminal Pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide: A Staging System for Primary Systemic Amyloidosis
Authors: Dispenzieri Angela , Gertz Morie A. , Kyle Robert A. , Lacy Martha Q. , Burritt Mary F. , Therneau Terry M. , Greipp Philip R. , Witzig Thomas E. , Lust John A. , Rajkumar S. Vincent , Fonseca Rafael , Zeldenrust Steven R. , McGregor Christopher G.A. , Jaffe Allan S. 
Published: September 2004

Purpose Primary systemic amyloidosis (AL) is a multisystemic disorder resulting from an underlying plasma cell dyscrasia. There is no formal staging system for AL, making comparisons between studies and treatment centers difficult. Our group previously identified elevated serum cardiac troponin T (cTnT) as the most powerful predictor of overall survival. Others have reported that N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) is a valuable prognostic marker. We sought to develop a staging system for patients with AL. Patients and Methods Two hundred forty-two patients with newly diagnosed AL who were seen at the Mayo Clinic between April 1979 and November 2000, and who had echocardiograms and stored serum samples at presentation were eligible for this retrospective review. NT-proBNP measurements were performed on 242 patients in whom cTnT and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) had been previously run. Two prognostic models were designed using threshold values of NT-proBNP and either cTnT or cTnI (NT-proBNP < 332 ng/L, cTnT < 0.035 μg/L, and cTnI < 0.1 μg/L). Depending on whether NT-proBNP and troponin levels were both low, were high for only one level, or were both high, patients were classified as stage I, II, or III, respectively. Results Using the cTnT+NT-proBNP model 33%, 30%, and 37% of patients were stages I, II, and III, respectively, with median survivals of 26.4, 10.5, and 3.5 months, respectively. The alternate cTnI+NT-proBNP model predicted median survivals of 27.2, 11.1, and 4.1 months, respectively. Conclusion Stratification of AL patients into three stages is possible with two readily available and reproducible tests setting the stage for more consistent and reliable cross comparisons of therapeutic outcomes.
Telomerase Expression Predicts Unfavorable Outcome in Osteosarcoma
Authors: Sanders Robert P. , Drissi Rachid , Billups Catherine A. , Daw Najat C. , Valentine Marcus B. , Dome Jeffrey S. 
Published: September 2004

Purpose Osteosarcoma is distinct from most cancers in that the majority of osteosarcomas lack telomerase expression and use the alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) mechanism to maintain telomeres. Laboratory studies suggest that compared with ALT, telomerase expression is associated with increased tumor aggressiveness. We evaluated the clinical significance of telomerase expression in human osteosarcoma. Patients and Methods Fifty-six osteosarcomas from 51 patients treated at St Jude Children's Research Hospital between 1982 and 2003 were evaluated for telomerase enzyme activity, mRNA expression of the catalytic component of telomerase (TERT), and presence of the ALT pathway. Results Outcome analysis was based on TERT mRNA expression in the primary tumor samples from 44 patients. Fourteen primary tumors expressed TERT mRNA (32%; eight TERT only, six TERT and ALT) and 30 did not express TERT mRNA (68%; 29 ALT, one no ALT). Progression-free survival (PFS) was inferior in the TERT-positive group compared with the TERT-negative group (3-year estimates, 21.4% ± 9.5% v 63.7% ± 11.1%; P = .014). Likewise, overall survival was inferior in the TERT-positive group compared with the TERT-negative group (3-year estimates, 42.9% ± 12.2% v 70.0% ± 9.9%; P = .031). Among 31 patients with nonmetastatic disease at diagnosis, PFS was lower in the TERT-positive group compared with the TERT-negative group (3-year estimates, 33.3% ± 13.6% v 72.0% ± 11.5%; P = .092). Conclusion Telomerase expression in primary tumor samples is associated with decreased PFS and OS in patients with osteosarcoma. Additional studies are warranted to better define the clinical utility of this molecular marker.
Autologous Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation for Children With Acute Myeloid Leukemia in First or Second Complete Remission: A Prognostic Factor Analysis
Authors: Godder Kamar , Eapen Mary , Laver Joseph H. , Zhang Mei-Jie , Camitta Bruce M. , Wayne Alan S. , Gale Robert Peter , Doyle John J. , Yu Lolie C. , Chen Allen R. , Garvin James H. , Sandler Eric S. , Yeager Andrew M. , Edwards John R. , Horowitz Mary M. 
Published: September 2004

Purpose To determine prognostic factors correlated with outcomes after autologous hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) in children with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Patients and Methods We studied 219 children who received autologous HSCT for AML in first complete remission (CR) and 73 children in second CR and who were reported to the Autologous Blood and Marrow Transplant Registry. Among 29 of 73 patients who underwent transplantation in second CR, duration of first CR was ≥ 12 months. Results Three-year cumulative incidences of relapse were 37% (95% CI, 31% to 44%), 60% (95% CI, 41% to 74%), and 36% (95% CI, 20% to 53%) for children in first CR, second CR after a short (< 12 months) first CR, and second CR after a long (≥ 12 months) first CR, respectively. Corresponding 3-year probabilities of leukemia-free survival were 54% (95% CI, 47% to 60%), 23% (95% CI, 10% to 39%), and 60% (95% CI, 42% to 75%). In multivariate analyses, risks of relapse, mortality, and treatment failure (relapse or death, inverse of leukemia-free survival) were higher for patients in second CR after a short first CR than for the other two groups. Transplant-related mortality, treatment failure, and overall mortality rates were higher in older (> 10 years) children. Conclusion Duration of first CR seems to be the most important determinant of outcome. Results in children who experience treatment failure with conventional chemotherapy support the use of autologous transplantation as salvage therapy if such patients achieve a subsequent CR.
Using HADRIAN for eliciting virtual user feedback in ‘design for all’
Authors: Marshall R , Case K , Porter J M , Sims R , Gyi D E 
Published: September 2004

‘Design for all’ is an approach to product, environment or service design that aims to maximize the usability of a particular design. However, a key concept of this approach is not to tailor designs to the user in a bespoke fashion, but rather to provide a single solution that accommodates the needs of all users, including those who are older or are disabled. In order to support the designer/design team in ‘design for all’ a computer aided design and analysis tool has been developed. The tool, known as HADRIAN, has been developed to address two critical factors. The first factor is the provision of accurate and applicable data on the target users, including a broad spectrum of size, shape, age and ability. The second factor is an efficient and effective means of utilizing the data for ergonomics evaluations during the concept stages of design. HADRIAN's database and task analysis tool work in combination with the existing human modelling system SAMMIE. The system as a whole allows assessment of a design against the population in the database, providing a means to elicit some of the feedback that might be gained by real user trials at a stage in the design process when physical mock-ups and user group selection would be prohibitively time consuming and expensive.
State-of-the-art dynamic analysis for non-linear gas turbine structures
Authors: Petrov E P , Ewins D J 
Published: September 2004

An accurate and robust method has been developed for the general multiharmonic analysis of forced periodic vibrations of bladed discs subjected to abrupt changes of elastic and damping properties at contact nodes located on the interfaces of the components. The approach is based on an analytical formulation of friction contact interface elements which provides exact expressions for multiharmonic forces and stiffness matrices of the elements. The analytical formulation overcomes the numerical difficulties associated with searching for a solution of the non-linear equations, which have been inherent so far for the considered systems, and provides a breakthrough in the analysis of the non-linear forced response of bladed discs and other structures with gaps and friction interfaces. An effective reduction method is reported that allows the size of the resolving equations to be decreased to the number of DOFs (degrees of freedom) at the contact surfaces, while preserving completeness and accuracy of the whole large-scale model. Numerical investigations demonstrate the outstanding properties of the proposed approach with respect to computational speed, accuracy and stability of calculations for practical gas-turbine structures.
Efficient Formation of a Nitrosyl(protoporphyrinato)iron(II) Complex on Magnesium Oxide Powder
Authors: Noda Hiroyuki , Ohya Hiroaki , Kamada Hitoshi 
Published: September 2004

Abstract
We have investigated the reaction between the system of hydroxo(protoporphyrinato)iron(III) (Heme) complex adsorbed on magnesium oxide (MgO) powder in the presence of cysteine (Cys) (Heme/MgO/Cys) and the nitrite ion (NO2−), using a Clark-type oxygen electrode and an ESR method. The nitrite ion acted as an inhibitor on the oxygen consumption by the Heme/MgO/Cys. This inhibition was not observed on the system of Heme aqueous solution (Hemeaq) in the presence of cysteine (Hemeaq/Cys) and NO2−, where the oxygen consumption was caused. The formation of a nitrosyl(protoporphyrinato)iron(II) complex in the reaction mixture of the Heme/MgO/Cys and NO2− was confirmed by the measurement of an ESR spectrum. This result suggests that the formation of the nitrosyl(protoporphyrinato)iron(II) complex during the reduction of NO2− to nitrogen monoxide (NO) plays a key role on the inhibitory action of NO2−. A possible mechanism for the formation of the nitrosyl(protoporphyrinato)iron(II) complex on the reaction between the Heme/MgO/Cys and NO2− is discussed, as a characteristic feature of our heterogeneous system.
EPR Study on Stable Magnesium Complexes of the Phenoxyl Radicals Derived from a Vitamin E Model and Its Deuterated Derivatives
Authors: Nakanishi Ikuo , Matsumoto Shigenobu , Ohkubo Kei , Fukuhara Kiyoshi , Okuda Haruhiro , Inami Keiko , Mochizuki Masataka , Ozawa Toshihiko , Itoh Shinobu , Fukuzumi Shunichi , Ikota Nobuo 
Published: September 2004

Abstract
The phenoxyl radical 1•, generated by the reaction of a vitamin E model, 2,2,5,7,8-pentamethylchroman-6-ol (1H), with 2,2-bis(4-tert-octylphenyl)-1-picrylhydrazyl (DOPPH•), was significantly stabilized by complex formation with Mg2+ in deaerated acetonitrile at 298 K. The assignments of the hyperfine coupling constants (hfc) obtained by computer simulations of the observed EPR spectrum of the Mg2+ complex of 1• (Mg2+–1•), were carried out using three deuterated isotopomers of 1•, i.e., 5-CD3-1•, 7-CD3-1•, and 8-CD3-1•, where a methyl group at the C5, C7, or C8 position is replaced by a CD3 group, respectively. The decreased spin density of the benzene ring in the Mg2+–1• complex indicates that delocalization of the unpaired electron in 1• into Mg2+ by complexation between Mg2+ and 1• results in the enhanced stability of 1• in the presence of Mg2+.