bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A benchmark white dwarf–ultracool dwarf wide field binary
Authors: Ferreira Thiago , Saito Roberto K , Minniti Dante , Mejías Andrea , Caceres Claudio , Alonso-García Javier , Beamín Juan Carlos , Smith Leigh C , Gomez Matías , Lucas Philip W , Ivanov Valentin D 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
We present the discovery and multiwavelength characterization of VVV J1438-6158 AB, a new field wide-binary system consisting of a $4.6^{+5.5}_{-2.4}~{\rm Gyr}$ and $T_{\rm eff} = 9500\pm 125~\mathrm{ K}$ DA white dwarf (WD) and a $T_{\rm eff} = 2400\pm 50~\mathrm{ K}$ M8 ultracool dwarf (UCD). The projected separation of the system is $a = 1236.73~{\rm au}$ ($\sim 13.8\, \mathrm{ arcsec}$), and although along the line of sight towards the Scorpius–Centaurus stellar association, VVV J1438-6158 AB is likely to be a field star, from a kinematic 6D probabilistic analysis. We estimated the physical and dynamical parameters of both components via interpolations with theoretical models and evolutionary tracks, which allowed us to retrieve a mass of $0.62\pm 0.18~\mathrm{ M}_\odot$ for the WD, and a mass of $98.5\pm 6.2~\mathrm{ M}_{\rm Jup}$ ($\sim 0.094\pm 0.006~\mathrm{ M}_\odot$) for the UCD. The radii of the two components were also estimated at $0.01309\pm 0.0003~\mathrm{ R}_{\odot }$ and $1.22\pm 0.05~\mathrm{ R}_{\rm Jup}$, respectively. VVV J1438-6158 AB stands out as a benchmark system for comprehending the evolution of WDs and low-mass companions given its status as one of the most widely separated WD+UCD systems known to date, which likely indicates that both components may have evolved independently of each other, and also being characterized by a large-mass ratio ($q = 0.15\pm 0.04$), which likely indicates a formation pathway similar to that of stellar binary systems.
The first white dwarf debris disc observed by JWST
Authors: Swan Andrew , Farihi Jay , Su Kate Y L , Desch Steven J 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
This letter reports the first JWST spectroscopy of a white dwarf debris disc, giving a preliminary assessment of the salient features, and recommendations for future observations. The polluted and dusty star WD 0145+234 experienced a major collisional event in its circumstellar disc in 2018, accompanied by an infrared outburst, and subsequently a gradual decrease in thermal emission. Time-series NIRSpec observations demonstrate that the circumstellar disc is returning to a quiescent state with a T ≈ 1000 K infrared excess similar to the bulk of known dusty white dwarfs. MIRI spectroscopy reveals a 9–12 $\mu$m solid-state emission feature consistent with silicate minerals as seen in debris discs observed with Spitzer. The strength and morphology of the silicate feature appear unchanged relative to the continuum in spectra taken over a year apart, consistent with steady-state collisional evolution of the circumstellar debris. A tentative emission feature around 7 $\mu$m may be due to carbonates, and if confirmed would indicate aqueous alteration in the parent body.
Light-strand bias and enriched zones of embedded ribonucleotides are associated with DNA replication and transcription in the human-mitochondrial genome
Authors: Xu Penghao , Yang Taehwan , Kundnani Deepali L , Sun Mo , Marsili Stefania , Gombolay Alli L , Jeon Youngkyu , Newnam Gary , Balachander Sathya , Bazzani Veronica , Baccarani Umberto , Park Vivian S , Tao Sijia , Lori Adriana , Schinazi Raymond F , Kim Baek , Pursell Zachary F , Tell Gianluca , Vascotto Carlo , Storici Francesca 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Abundant ribonucleoside-triphosphate (rNTP) incorporation into DNA by DNA polymerases in the form of ribonucleoside monophosphates (rNMPs) is a widespread phenomenon in nature, resulting in DNA-structural change and genome instability. The rNMP distribution, characteristics, hotspots and association with DNA metabolic processes in human mitochondrial DNA (hmtDNA) remain mostly unknown. Here, we utilize the ribose-seq technique to capture embedded rNMPs in hmtDNA of six different cell types. In most cell types, the rNMPs are preferentially embedded on the light strand of hmtDNA with a strong bias towards rCMPs; while in the liver-tissue cells, the rNMPs are predominately found on the heavy strand. We uncover common rNMP hotspots and conserved rNMP-enriched zones across the entire hmtDNA, including in the control region, which links the rNMP presence to the frequent hmtDNA replication-failure events. We show a strong correlation between coding-sequence size and rNMP-embedment frequency per nucleotide on the non-template, light strand in all cell types, supporting the presence of transient RNA-DNA hybrids preceding light-strand replication. Moreover, we detect rNMP-embedment patterns that are only partly conserved across the different cell types and are distinct from those found in yeast mtDNA. The study opens new research directions to understand the biology of hmtDNA and genomic rNMPs.
GWAS identifies two important genes involved in Chinese chestnut weight and leaf length regulation
Authors: Zhang Yu , Zhang Weiwei , Liu Yang , Zheng Yi , Nie Xinghua , Wu Qinyi , Yu Wenjie , Wang Yafeng , Wang Xuefeng , Fang Kefeng , Qin Ling , Xing Yu 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
There are many factors that affect the yield of Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima), with single nut weight (SNW) being one of the most important. Leaf length is also related to Chinese chestnut yield. However, the genetic architecture and gene function associated with Chinese chestnut nut yield have not been fully explored. In this study, we performed genotyping by sequencing 151 Chinese chestnut cultivars, followed by a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on six horticultural traits. First, we analyzed the phylogeny of the Chinese chestnut and found that the Chinese chestnut cultivars divided into two ecotypes, a northern and southern cultivar group. Differences between the cultivated populations were found in the pathways of plant growth and adaptation to the environment. In the selected regions, we also found interesting tandemly arrayed genes that may influence Chinese chestnut traits and environmental adaptability. To further investigate which horticultural traits were selected, we performed a GWAS using six horticultural traits from 151 cultivars. Forty-five loci that strongly associated with horticultural traits were identified, and six genes highly associated with these traits were screened. In addition, a candidate gene associated with SNW, APETALA2 (CmAP2), and another candidate gene associated with leaf length (LL), CRYPTOCHROME INTERACTING BASIC HELIX-LOOP-HELIX 1 (CmCIB1), were verified in Chinese chestnut and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Our results showed that CmAP2 affected SNW by negatively regulating cell size. CmCIB1 regulated the elongation of new shoots and leaves by inducing cell elongation, potentially affecting photosynthesis. This study provided valuable information and insights for Chinese chestnut breeding research.
Imagining Out of Hope
Authors: Humbert-Droz Steve , Vazard Juliette 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Both lay people and philosophers assume that hoping for something implies imagining it. According to contemporary philosophical accounts of hope, hope involves an element of imagination as input, part, or output of hope. However, there is no systematic view of the interaction between hope and the different processes constituting imagination. In this paper we put forward a view of (i) the kind of imaginings typically triggered by hopeful states, (ii) the nature of the interaction between hope and hopeful imaginings, and (iii) the epistemic value of imagining out of hope. We argue that a paradigmatic output of hope is an immersive kind of cognitive imagination. Additionally, justified hopes constrain our immersive imaginings in such a way as to provide them with a specific epistemic value. Hopeful imaginings are not mere fantasies or wishful thinking; they constitute valuable experiences we can learn from and rely on in planning our future.
The new Xpert Mycobacterium tuberculosis/rifampicin (MTB/Rif) Ultra assay in comparison to Xpert MTB/Rif assay for diagnosis of tuberculosis in children and adolescents
Authors: Kaur Harveen , Guglani Vishal , Singhal Lipika , Randev Shivani , Kumar Pankaj , Gupta Varsha 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Microbiological diagnosis of pediatric tuberculosis (TB) using conventional microbiological techniques has been challenging due to paucibacillary nature of the disease. Molecular methods using cartridge-based tests like Xpert, have immensely improved diagnosis. A novel next-generation cartridge test, Xpert Ultra, incorporates two additional molecular targets and claims to have much lower detection limit. We attempted to compare the two techniques in presumptive pediatric TB patients.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic performance of Xpert MTB/Rif Ultra with Xpert MTB/Rif for the detection of pediatric TB.

Study design
This is an observational comparative analytical study.

Methods
Children under 15 years of age with presumptive TB were enrolled. Appropriate specimens were obtained (sputum, induced sputum or gastric aspirate for suspected pulmonary TB, cerebrospinal fluid for suspected tubercular meningitis and pleural fluid for suspected tubercular pleural effusion), subjected to smear microscopy, mycobacterial culture, Xpert and Xpert ultra tests and other appropriate diagnostic investigations.

Results
Out of 130 enrolled patients, 70 were diagnosed with TB using a composite reference standard (CRS). The overall sensitivity of Xpert was 64.29% [95% confidence interval (CI) 51.93–75.93%] and that of Xpert Ultra was 80% (95% CI 68.73–88.61%) with 100% overall specificity for both. The sensitivity of Xpert and Xpert Ultra in pulmonary specimens (n = 112) was 66.67% and 79.37% and in extrapulmonary specimens (n = 18) was 42.86% and 85.71%, respectively.

Conclusion
Our study found Ultra to be more sensitive than Xpert for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in children. Our findings support the use of Xpert Ultra as initial rapid molecular diagnostic test in children under evaluation for TB.
A Community-Curated DokuWiki Resource on Diagnostics, Diversity, Pathogenicity, and Genetic Control of Xanthomonads
Authors: Costa Joana , Pothier Joël F. , Bosis Eran , Boch Jens , Kölliker Roland , Koebnik Ralf 
Published: December 2023

Xanthomonads, including Xanthomonas and Xylella species, constitute a large and significant group of economically and ecologically important plant pathogens. Up-to-date knowledge of these pathogens and their hosts is essential for the development of suitable control measures. Traditional review articles or book chapters have inherent limitations, including static content and rapid obsolescence. To address these challenges, we have developed a Web-based knowledge platform dedicated to xanthomonads, inspired by the concept of living systematic reviews. This platform offers a dynamic resource that encompasses bacterial virulence factors, plant resistance genes, and tools for diagnostics and genetic diversity studies. Our goal is to facilitate access for newcomers to the field, provide continuing education opportunities for students, assist plant protection services with diagnostics, provide valuable information to breeders on sources of resistance and breeding targets, and offer comprehensive expert knowledge to other stakeholders interested in plant-pathogenic xanthomonads. This resource is available for queries and updates at https://euroxanth.ipn.pt . [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Family Integrated Care Shortens the Duration of Home Oxygen Therapy in Infants With Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
Authors: Shen Fei , Wu Xiao , Chen Xiu-li , Rong Hui , Yang Yang 
Published: December 2023

Background:
There have been few reports on whether family integrated care (FIC) can help premature infants with moderate to severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) to shorten the duration of home oxygen therapy (HOT).

Purpose:
To investigate the effect of FIC on the duration of HOT in premature infants with moderate to severe BPD.

Methods:
The subjects were retrospectively selected from premature infants with moderate to severe BPD in our center between June 2019 and December 2021. Patients were divided into the FIC group (n = 47) and the non-FIC group (n = 34). For univariate analysis, t test, Mann–Whitney U test, Pearson χ2 test, or Fisher exact test was performed to explore the differences between the 2 groups. For multivariate analysis, simple and multiple linear regression was conducted to explore the effect of FIC on the duration of HOT.

Results:
(1) The duration of HOT and length of stay after grouping were significantly shorter in the FIC group than in the non-FIC group (P < .05). (2) The results of linear regression further revealed that FIC could significantly shorten the duration of HOT (simple linear regression, FIC [A] B: −12.709, 95% confidence interval (CI): −21.665 to −3.753; multiple linear regression, FIC [B] B: −11.419, 95% CI: −18.055 to −4.783).

Implications for Practice and Research:
FIC improved the optimal target oxygen saturation ratio before discharge and shortened the duration of HOT in premature infants with moderate and severe BPD. FIC should be promoted in China's neonatal intensive care units, though it puts forward new requirements for nursing education and training.
The Role of Shear Stress and Shear Strain in Pressure Injury Development
Authors: Portoghese Caroline , Deppisch Michelle , Sonenblum Sharon , Samson Barbara , Munro Cassendra , Capasso Virginia , Call Evan , Black Joyce , Brienza David 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
Although other patient safety indicators have seen a decline, pressure injury (PI) incidence has continued to rise. In this article, the authors discuss the role of shear stress and shear strain in PI development and describe how accurate assessment and management can reduce PI risk. They provide explanations of shear stress, shear strain, friction, and tissue deformation to support a better clinical understanding of how damaging these forces are for soft tissue. Clinicians must carefully assess each patient’s risk factors regarding shear forces within the contexts of activity and mobility. The authors also provide a toolbox of mitigation strategies, including support surface selection, selection of materials that contact the individual, management of immobility using positioning techniques, and the use of safe patient handling techniques. With a clear understanding of how shear forces affect PI risk and mitigation strategies, clinicians will more accurately assess PI risk and improve PI prevention care plans, ultimately reducing PI incidence to become more aligned with other patient safety indicators.
Chondroid Syringoma on the Tip of the Nose: A Case Report
Authors: Halder Sajal , Ghosh Arushi , Sharma Mona , Hemrajani Priyanka 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
Chondroid syringoma is a benign, rare, asymptomatic, slow-growing mixed tumor. The authors present the case of a 17-year-old adolescent boy who had a tumor on the tip of his nose for a duration of 8 months. An excisional biopsy was performed under local anesthesia. Based on histopathologic analysis, the resected lesion was identified as a chondroid syringoma.
Sagittal Angulation and the Treatment of Geriatric Femoral Neck Fractures: Time to Update our Classification Systems
Authors: Skerrett Duncan , Shefelbine Lara , Coale Max , Unno Florence , Lack William 
Published: December 2023

OBJECTIVES:
Inconsistent outcomes have been reported for percutaneous fixation of Garden I/II femoral neck fractures in geriatric patients. It was hypothesized that accounting for variable follow-up would better estimate the failure rate of percutaneous fixation with and without significant sagittal angulation.

METHODS:

Design:
Retrospective.

Setting:
Single academic healthcare system.

Patient Selection Criteria:
Patients ≥ 50 years old treated with percutaneous screw fixation of Garden I/II (OTA/AO B1.1/B1.2) femoral neck fractures from 2010 - 2020 were identified. Pathologic fractures and open approaches were excluded.
Outcome Measures and Comparisons: Sagittal angulation was measured using a previously described method.11 Treatment failure was defined as early fixation failure (within 6 weeks), nonunion and/or avascular necrosis. Potential associations between treatment failure and patient, injury and treatment variables were assessed. Cox proportional hazard analysis accounted for variable follow-up when assessing for event-free survival.

RESULTS:
Of the 240 fractures that met inclusion criteria, there were 20 treatment failures (8%) and 33 fractures with sagittal angulation ≥ 20° on lateral radiographs (14%). Failure-free survival at 2 years was 91% for patients with < 20° posterior angulation and 52% for patients with ≥ 20° of posterior angulation (p < 0.0001). The hazard ratio, which incorporates variable follow-up, for failure with ≥ 20° of posterior angulation was 6.36 (p < 0.0001). No other factors were associated with treatment failure.

CONCLUSIONS:
Significant posterior angulation (≥ 20°) of Garden I/II femoral neck fractures is associated with a high failure rate following screw fixation. The authors suggest characterizing fractures with ≥ 20° of sagittal angulation as Garden III fractures to better support surgical decision-making.
Proteomic Analyses of Plasma from Patients with Fracture Related Infection Reveals Systemic Activation of the Complement and Coagulation Cascades
Authors: Becker Kevin , Sharma Ishani , Slaven James E. , Mosley Amber L. , Doud Emma H. , Malek Sarah , Natoli Roman M. 
Published: December 2023

OBJECTIVES:
To compare plasma proteomes of patients with confirmed fracture related infections (FRIs) matched to noninfected controls using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)

METHODS:

Design:
Prospective Case-Control Study

Setting:
Single, Academic, Level 1 Trauma Center

Patient Selection Criteria:
Patients meeting confirmatory FRI criteria were matched to controls without infection based on fracture region, age, and time after surgery from June 2019 to January 2022. Tandem Mass Tag LC-MS analysis of patient plasma samples was performed.

Outcome Measures and Comparisons:
Protein abundance ratios in plasma for FRI patients compared to matched controls without infection were calculated.

RESULTS:
Twenty-seven patients meeting confirmatory FRI criteria were matched to 27 controls . Abundance ratios for over 1,000 proteins were measured in the 54 plasma samples. Seventy-three proteins were found to be increased or decreased in FRI patients compared to the matched controls (unadjusted t-test p<0.05). Thirty-two of these proteins were found in all 54 patient samples and underwent subsequent principal component (PC) analysis (PCA) to reduce the dimensionality of the large proteomics data set. A three component PCA accounted for 45.7% of the variation in the data set and had 88.9% specificity for the diagnosis of FRI. STRING protein-protein interaction network analysis of these three PCs revealed activation of the complement and coagulation cascades via the Reactome pathway database (false discovery rates<0.05).

CONCLUSIONS:
Proteomic analyses of plasma from FRI patients demonstrates systemic activation of the complement and coagulation cascades. Further investigation along these lines may help to better understand the systemic response to FRI and improve diagnostic strategies using proteomics.
Cross-Sectional Analysis of Caregiver-Reported Expressive Language Profiles and Associated Covariates in Individuals with Down Syndrome
Authors: Spellun Arielle , Harstad Elizabeth , Hojlo Margaret , Milliken Anna , Pawlowski Katherine , Sideridis Georgios , Baumer Nicole 
Published: December 2023

Abstract:

Objective:
To describe the distribution of expressive language abilities of individuals with Down syndrome (DS) in a clinical sample and characterize demographic, environmental, and medical factors associated with varying expressive language profiles.

Methods:
Cross-sectional analysis was completed on a sample of 345 individuals with DS between the ages of 4 and 22 years who were enrolled into a longitudinal clinical database between March 2018 and August 2021. Expressive language-related items on a standardized caregiver-reported questionnaire assessing domains of functioning in neurodevelopmental disorders were used to conduct latent variable modeling and determine caregiver-reported expressive language (CREL) classes across the sample. Linear regression was used to explore associations between CREL classes and predictor variables.

Results:
Latent variable modeling revealed 3 distinct classes of CREL abilities representing higher, middle, and lower CREL. Individuals in the lower CREL class were more likely to be female, to use sign language or visual communication systems, have reduced pronunciation, attend private or residential school, and to be in a substantially separate classroom. Membership was not predicted by complex medical histories or co-occurring neurodevelopmental diagnoses.

Conclusion:
Caregiver-reported expressive language abilities in a cohort of individuals with DS were variable, with most of the individuals belonging to higher or middle CREL classes, relative to one another. Additional studies are indicated to understand factors that predict higher expressive language ability and explore how to direct services to individuals who are at risk of more profound language delays.
Food Insecurity Predicts Magnitude of Early BMI Change in a Pediatric Weight Management Intervention
Authors: Frank Miranda L. , Korth Christina X. , Shields Clarissa V. , Hultstrand Kara V. , Putt Geoffrey E. , Walston Marnie W. , Wulkan Mark L. , Perusek Amy K. , Sato Amy F. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract:

Objective:
The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of food insecurity among children with overweight/obesity presenting for weight management treatment and examine whether food insecurity predicts early change in body mass index (BMI), expressed as a percentage of the 95th percentile (%BMIp95).

Method:
Children (N = 69; ages 3–18 years) presenting to a hospital-based pediatric weight management intervention and 1 parent/guardian per child (N = 69) were included. At the first appointment, parents/guardians completed the US Household Food Security Survey Module: Six-item Short Form and a demographics questionnaire. Height and weight of the children were measured at the first and third appointments to calculate %BMIp95.

Results:
Among participating families, 29.0% reported experiencing food insecurity. Controlling for the ratio of income to poverty, 11.4% of the variance in %BMIp95 change from the first to third appointments was accounted for by food insecurity, ▵F (1, 66) = 8.46, p = 0.01. Children with greater food insecurity demonstrated a smaller magnitude of %BMIp95 decrease, representing a small-to-medium effect size within the context of the regression model (f2 = 0.13).

Conclusion:
A high proportion of families with children receiving weight management treatment reported experiencing food insecurity in comparison with US households with children. There may be unique characteristics of food insecurity, as opposed to household income alone, that explain the smaller magnitude of BMI decrease observed early in treatment. Future research should explore complex associations among food insecurity, income, BMI, and race over time.