bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measurement of Dynamic Electric Consumption Trend in a Broiler House in Arkansas
Authors: Liang Yi , Costello Thomas 
Published: February 2024

Highlights

We quantified the diurnal and seasonal electric load pattern during four consecutive growouts of heavy broilers over an 11-month period on a commercial farm. Consumption was measured separately for ventilation fans, lights, feed motors, well pump motors and radiant tube heater blowers.

Ventilation fans were the largest consumer of energy and the largest contributor to peak demand on the farm.

Average monthly electric demand ranged from 31% to 77% of the corresponding monthly peak demand, calculated from the largest 15-min period.

The electricity cost of raising heavier-weight broiler chickens is higher in the summer ($22 per 1,000 kg live weight) than in the winter ($5 per 1,000 kg live weight).

Abstract. Characterizing electric energy use in a commercial broiler house—partitioned by bird age, season, and electric load type—can provide engineers with insight for designing energy conservation practices, as well as help to analyze and design on-site renewable energy production sub-systems. This study monitored electric energy consumption in a commercial broiler house in Arkansas, raising heavy broilers (with a capacity of 17,000 birds) during an 11-month period that included four, 8-week flocks. Average electricity use (RMS voltage and current) was measured at a sampling interval of 5 min for all of the major load types, including ventilation, lighting, feed motors, and well-water pump motor. Results indicated that electric consumption for ventilation fans was the greatest load, accounting for over 88% of the total. The endwall fans (for tunnel ventilation) contributed to the peak electric demand (VA) in nine of the 11 months. Over the 11-month monitoring period, broiler chicken production had an average electric energy consumption (per unit live-weight mass produced) of 43 kWh per metric ton of live weight (in a winter flock) to 184 kWh per metric ton (in a summer flock). The corresponding electric costs were $5 per metric ton and $22 per metric ton in winter and summer flocks, respectively (based upon an electricity unit cost of $0.12/kWh). Keywords: Electricity demand, Energy efficiency, Poultry housing.
Assessment of phytochemical compositions, antibacterial effects and DPPH scavenging activities of ethanolic root extracts of Pterocarpus erinaceus
Authors: OKOLI EMMANUEL CHIKODIRI , UMARU ISAAC JOHN , OLAWALE OTITOJU 
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Okoli EC, Emaru IJ, Olawale O. 2022. Assessment of phytochemical compositions, antibacterial effects and DPPH scavenging activities of ethanolic root extracts of Pterocarpus erinaceus. Asian J Nat Prod Biochem 20: 56-62. Pterocarpus erinaceus Poir. serve as a medicinal plant to many populations of Nigeria and West Africa. The stem bark, leaves, and roots have been studied for their antioxidant, antimalaria, antiulcerogenic, and antibacterial properties. This study aimed to determine the phytochemical compositions, antibacterial effect and antioxidant activity of the root bark of P. erinaceus. A gas chromatography flame ionization detector (GC?FID) instrument was used for the analysis and quantification of phytochemicals present in the ethanolic root extract of P. erinaceus. The antibacterial test was carried out using the agar well method against standard bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli while the antioxidant activity was carried out by evaluating the DPPH scavenging activity. Phytochemicals found in the extracts include: flavonoids (44.50%), alkaloids (18.87%), steroids (4.38%), tannins (1.73%), and anti-nutrients (15.12%). The ethanolic root extracts of P. erinaceus exhibited significant antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus but exhibited no growth inhibitory effect on B. subtilis and P. aeruginosa at all tested concentrations (100 µg/mL, 150 µg/mL, and 200 µg/mL). DPPH scavenging activity was significantly high, with 97.53% at a concentration of 1000 µg/mL and 24.26% at 40 µg/mL. This study revealed that the crude ethanolic extract of P. erinaceus root bark contained pharmacologically active compounds and exhibited significant antibacterial activity and DPPH free radical scavenging activity in a concentration-dependent manner.
Integrity of Melamine Formaldehyde Bonds in Ponderosa Pine Cross-Laminated Timber: Isolating Adhesive Compatibility Effect
Authors: Jahedi Sina , Muszynski Lech , Riggio Mariapaola , Bhandari Sujit 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The integrity of melamine formaldehyde bonds in prototype cross-laminated timber (CLT) specimens was tested as part of a project on utilization of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) from forest restoration programs in the western United States. Bond integrity tests, block shear, and cyclic delamination are prescribed by ANSI/APA PRG-320 (ANSI/APA 2019) and ANSI 405 (ANSI 2018) to qualify new products. Of these, the cyclic delamination criterion is particularly challenging for layups developed in research labs and pilot plants. Delamination is often blamed on poor compatibility between adhesive and wood species, clamping pressure, or distribution of adhesive, neglecting other potential factors. One of the study objectives was to separate the effect of adhesive compatibility from other potential factors affecting bond integrity in CLT. Bonding integrity tests were conducted on prototype specimens bonded with melamine formaldehyde adhesive. Three types of specimens were studied: (1) specimens harvested from panels fabricated in an industrial CLT plant, (2) specimens harvested from panels fabricated in a pilot-line, and (3) short blocks cross-laminated from 102 by 102-mm sections. The short blocks included sections with juvenile wood and blue stain on bonded surfaces. All samples passed the PRG-320 block shear criteria. All short blocks passed the delamination criterion, demonstrating sufficient adhesive compatibility with the surfaces regardless of heavy presence of blue stain and juvenile wood. Specimens harvested from panels did not meet the delamination criterion. Delaminations developed near preexisting interlaminar gaps observed in prototype panels, which may be related to thickness variation or to inconsistent clamping pressure.
Cetylpyridinium chloride and chlorhexidine show antiviral activity against Influenza A virus and Respiratory Syncytial virus in vitro
Authors: Rius-Salvador Marina , García-Múrria Maria Jesús , Rusu Luciana , Bañó-Polo Manuel , León Rubén , Geller Ron , Mingarro Ismael , Martinez-Gil Luis 
Published: February 2024

Background
The oral cavity is the site of entry and replication for many respiratory viruses. Furthermore, it is the source of droplets and aerosols that facilitate viral transmission. It is thought that appropriate oral hygiene that alters viral infectivity might reduce the spread of respiratory viruses and contribute to infection control.

Materials and methods
Here, we analyzed the antiviral activity of cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), chlorhexidine (CHX), and three commercial CPC and CHX-containing mouthwash preparations against the Influenza A virus and the Respiratory syncytial virus. To do so the aforementioned compounds and preparations were incubated with the Influenza A virus or with the Respiratory syncytial virus. Next, we analyzed the viability of the treated viral particles.

Results
Our results indicate that CPC and CHX decrease the infectivity of both the Influenza A virus and the Respiratory Syncytial virus in vitro between 90 and 99.9% depending on the concentration. Likewise, CPC and CHX-containing mouthwash preparations were up to 99.99% effective in decreasing the viral viability of both the Influenza A virus and the Respiratory syncytial virus in vitro.

Conclusion
The use of a mouthwash containing CPC or CHX alone or in combination might represent a cost-effective measure to limit infection and spread of enveloped respiratory viruses infecting the oral cavity, aiding in reducing viral transmission. Our findings may stimulate future clinical studies to evaluate the effects of CPC and CHX in reducing viral respiratory transmissions.
Evaluation of the anti-cancer efficacy of lipid nanoparticles containing siRNA against HPV16 E6/E7 combined with cisplatin in a xenograft model of cervical cancer
Authors: Kang Sung Wan , Kang Ok-Ju , Lee Ji-young , Kim Hyejeong , Jung Hunsoon , Kim Hongjoong , Lee Shin-Wha , Kim Yong Man , Choi Eun Kyung 
Published: February 2024

Objective
To investigate the anti-cancer efficacy of ENB101-LNP, an ionizable lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) encapsulating siRNA against E6/E7 of HPV 16, in combination therapy with cisplatin in cervical cancer in vitro and in vivo.

Methods
CaSki cells were treated with ENB101-LNP, cisplatin, or combination. Cell viability assessed the cytotoxicity of the treatment. HPV16 E6/E7 gene knockdown was verified with RT-PCR both in vitro and in vivo. HLA class I and PD-L1 were checked by flow cytometry. A xenograft model was made using CaSki cells in BALB/c nude mice. To evaluate anticancer efficacy, mice were grouped. ENB101-LNP was given three times weekly for 3 weeks intravenously, and cisplatin was given once weekly intraperitoneally. Tumor growth was monitored. On day 25, mice were euthanized; tumors were collected, weighed, and imaged. Tumor samples were analyzed through histopathology, immunostaining, and western blot.

Results
ENB101-LNP and cisplatin synergistically inhibit CaSki cell growth. The combination reduces HPV 16 E6/E7 mRNA and boosts p21 mRNA, p53, p21, and HLA class I proteins. In mice, the treatment significantly blocked tumor growth and promoted apoptosis. Tumor inhibition rates were 29.7% (1 mpk ENB101-LNP), 29.6% (3 mpk), 34.0% (cisplatin), 47.0% (1 mpk ENB101-LNP-cisplatin), and 68.8% (3 mpk ENB101-LNP-cisplatin). RT-PCR confirmed up to 80% knockdown of HPV16 E6/E7 in the ENB101-LNP groups. Immunohistochemistry revealed increased p53, p21, and HLA-A expression with ENB101-LNP treatments, alone or combined.

Conclusion
The combination of ENB101-LNP, which inhibits E6/E7 of HPV 16, with cisplatin, demonstrated significant anticancer activity in the xenograft mouse model of cervical cancer.
Aplicaciones del metaverso en medicina y atención sanitaria
Authors: Hulsen Tim 
Published: February 2024

Resumen
El metaverso es un mundo virtual, aún en proceso de desarrollo, que permite a las personas interactuar entre ellas, así como con objetos digitales de una forma más inmersiva. Esta innovadora herramienta aúna las tres principales tendencias tecnológicas: la telepresencia, el gemelo digital y la cadena de bloques. La telepresencia permite a las personas “reunirse” de manera virtual, aunque se encuentren en distintos lugares. El gemelo digital es el equivalente virtual y digital de un paciente, dispositivo médico o incluso de un hospital. Por último, la cadena de bloques puede ser utilizada por los pacientes para almacenar sus informes médicos personales de forma segura. En medicina, el metaverso podría tener distintas aplicaciones: (1) consultas médicas virtuales; (2) educación y formación médica; (3) educación del paciente; (4) investigación médica; (5) desarrollo de medicamentos; (6) terapia y apoyo; (7) medicina de laboratorio. El metaverso permitiría una atención sanitaria más personalizada, eficiente y accesible, mejorando así los resultados clínicos y reduciendo los costes de atención médica. No obstante, la implementación del metaverso en medicina y atención sanitaria requerirá una cuidadosa evaluación de los aspectos éticos y de privacidad, así como técnicos, sociales y jurídicos. En términos generales, el futuro del metaverso en el campo de la medicina parece prometedor, aunque es necesario desarrollar nuevas leyes que regulen específicamente el metaverso, con el fin de superar sus posibles inconvenientes.
Monotonicity of solutions for parabolic equations involving nonlocal Monge-Ampère operator
Authors: Du Guangwei , Wang Xinjing 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In this article, we consider the parabolic equations with nonlocal Monge-Ampère operators

∂
u

∂
t

(

x
,
t

)

−

D

s

θ

u

(

x
,
t

)

=
f

(

u

(

x
,
t

)

)

,

(

x
,
t

)

∈

R

+

n

×
R
.

\frac{\partial u}{\partial t}\left(x,t)-{D}_{s}^{\theta }u\left(x,t)=f\left(u\left(x,t)),\hspace{1.0em}\left(x,t)\in {{\mathbb{R}}}_{+}^{n}\times {\mathbb{R}}.

We first prove the narrow region principle and maximal principle for antisymmetric functions, under the condition that

u

u

is uniformly bounded, which weaken the general decay condition

u
→
0

u\to 0

at infinity. Then, the monotonicity of positive solutions is established using the method of moving planes.
Causative constructions in process: How do they come into existence in learner writing?
Authors: Gilquin Gaëtanelle 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This article examines the processes through which English causative constructions with MAKE are produced by French-speaking learners. It relies on data from the Process Corpus of English in Education (PROCEED), in which every text is accompanied by a keylog file and a screencast video. These data make it possible to observe the process paths of constructions as they unfold, from their appearance in the text to their evolution (and possible disappearance) through revision. The analysis shows that almost 20% of the causative constructions do not make it to the final version of the text, either because the idea of causation disappears altogether or because it is expressed in a different way. Among the causative constructions that are kept in the finished text, most still undergo some changes, which range from the simple correction of a typo to the transformation of the complement type (e.g. a verbal complement becoming an adjectival complement). Some of these changes are the result of dictionary consultation, also visible in the process data. In addition, the keylog files reveal the presence of pauses during writing, whose investigation can improve our understanding of the mental processing of causative constructions. It thus turns out that in almost 40% of the cases, the causative constructions are immediately preceded and followed by a pause, which could indicate that they are stored holistically in learners’ minds. Besides providing insights into the processes through which causative constructions come into existence in learner writing, this study also illustrates how writing process data can bring us closer to what the reality of writing looks like for language learners.
Impact of fully rotating steel casing bored pile on adjacent tunnels
Authors: Zhang Jingran , Geng Dajiang , Zhao Xiaoxia , Bai Zhicheng , Long Mingjian 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Based on the theoretical model of a soil plug column, the stress analysis of the soil plug column during the spinning process of steel casing is carried out, and the critical depth of the soil column is determined using the stress and torsional shear ratio of the soil column. The effect of factors such as casing wall thickness, surface load, and steel casing spinning speed on the critical depth of soil columns has been explored, and more reasonable construction process parameters have been obtained quantitatively. Combined with the construction of small net distance test piles at a distance of 2.5 m from the tunnel, the impact of the construction process on the existing shield tunnel has been explored. The results indicate that during the construction process, when the wall thickness of the steel casing does not exceed 0.012 m, the surface load does not exceed 15 kPa, the spinning speed of the steel casing is maintained at 5/4/2/4 m/h or 5/3/2/3 m/h (corresponding to soil depths of 2.5/9.5/6/14 m), and the soil height of the soil column is controlled within 11 m, it is not easy to generate soil plug inside the steel casing, and the soil column has strong torsional shear resistance. According to the measured data of adjacent tunnels, it has been found that the construction method of fully rotating steel casing bored pile can effectively reduce the impact on adjacent shield tunnels, and has a good microdisturbance effect, which can control tunnel deformation not exceeding 1 mm and maintain within the warning value range.
On the GPS signal multipath at ASG-EUPOS stations
Authors: Tomaszewski Dariusz , Pelc-Mieczkowska Renata , Rapiński Jacek 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The accuracy of the results of satellite measurements is influenced by many factors. One of them is the multipath phenomenon resulting from reflections of the satellite signal, mainly from objects in the vicinity of the GNSS antenna. The multipath remains a domain source of ranging errors in satellite positioning. Despite the groups of multipath mitigation methods, it is impossible to totally eliminate the influence of this error on the measurement results. This error has two main effects in the case of carrier phase differential positioning. First, the multipath increases the initial search space for correct ambiguities. Secondly, the accuracy of the vector solution between the reference station and the rover receiver is affected. The authors of this article analyzed the presence of multipath in the Polish network of permanent GNSS stations ASG-EUPOS. Data from the year 2021 were used for the analysis. Two computational strategies were adopted to determine the multipath. The pseudorange multipath observable combination (MP) for L1, L2 and L5 signals was used for code measurements. In the case of the carrier phase, multipath analyses of double-differenced L1, L2, and L5 carriers between neighbouring stations were performed. Based on the research, the average multipath level for the Polish GNSS reference stations network was determined. Stations where the levels of particular combinations exceed the assumed values were successively determined. Finally, multipath models in the form of sidereal maps were created. Based on these models, six stations were identified and recommended for further analysis concerning the impact of multipath on GNSS measurements.
The Importance of Conceptual Clarity and Methodological Diversity for Studying Confidential Gossip – a Response and Addition to Fan et al. (2021)
Authors: Beersma Bianca , Martinescu Elena , Testori Martina , Dores Cruz Terence , Nieper Annika 
Published: February 2024

In their essay ‘Confidential gossip and organization studies’, Fan, Grey, and Kärreman (2021) argue that confidential gossip is a distinctive sub-category of gossip that has particular implications for the communicative constitution of organizations and that they provide a methodological platform for studying confidential gossip. We view these claims, written from a phenomenological/constructivist perspective, from a postpositivist perspective, and propose some amendments and nuance, with the goal of furthering understanding of confidential gossip. Fan et al’s adoption of context-specific and mutable meanings for participants may be adequate for the purposes of their broadly phenomenological analysis, but needs amending if it is to enable the formulation of clear theoretical propositions and testable predictions regarding the effects of confidential gossip in organizations, which from our perspective is essential. We make three suggestions. First, a clear definition of gossip is needed. Second, we emphasize the importance of clear predictions on how confidentiality shapes gossip processes and outcomes by distinguishing (1) sender motives for confidentiality, (2) receiver perceptions of confidentiality, and (3) whether gossip is kept confidential from just the gossip target or also from other parties. Systematically testing such predictions could then lend support for the conclusion that confidential gossip is a distinctive sub-category of gossip that impacts organizations in different ways than non-confidential gossip does. Third, we argue that Fan et al.’s methodological perspective overlooks recent developments in the gossip literature, and that rather than focusing on participant observation as Fan et al. advocate, employing a broader range of research methods is needed to understand confidential gossip and its impact on organizations.
Risk of cardiovascular disease after hospital-diagnosed overweight or obesity
Authors: Gribsholt Sigrid Bjerge , Schmidt Morten , Kristiansen Eskild Bendix , Richelsen Bjørn , Sørensen Henrik Toft 
Published: February 2024

Objective
The aim was to examine the association between hospital-diagnosed overweight/obesity and incident CVD according to the time period of the overweight/obesity diagnosis.

Design
This is a cohort study.

Methods
From Danish national health registries, we identified all residents with a first-time hospital-based overweight/obesity diagnosis code, 1977–2018 (n = 195,221), and an age and sex-matched general population comparison cohort (n = 1,952,210). We computed adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using Cox regression. We adjusted for comorbidities and educational level and applied 10 years of follow-up.

Results
The overall incidence rate was 10.1 (95% CI 10.0–10.1) per 1000 person-years for the comparison cohort and 25.1 (95% CI 24.8–25.4) per 1000 person-years for the overweight/obesity cohort, corresponding to an aHR of 2.5 (95% CI 2.4–2.5). The aHR was elevated for all subtypes of CVD: heart failure: 3.9 (95% CI 3.7–4.1), bradyarrhythmia: 2.9 (95% CI 2.7–3.1), angina pectoris: 2.7 (95% CI 2.7–2.8), atrial fibrillation or flutter: 2.6 (95% CI 2.5–2.6), acute myocardial infarction: 2.4 (95% CI 2.3–2.4), revascularization procedure: 2.4 (95% CI 2.2–2.5), valvular heart disease: 1.7 (95% CI 1.6–1.8), ischemic stroke: 1.6 (95% CI 1.4–1.7), transient ischemic attack: 1.6 (95% CI 1.5–1.7), and cardiovascular death: 1.6 (95% CI 1.5–1.6). The 1–10-year aHR of any CVD associated with an overweight/obesity diagnosis decreased from 2.8 (95% CI 2.7–2.9) in 1977–1987 to 1.8 (95% CI 1.8–1.9) in 2008–2018.

Conclusion
Patients with hospital-diagnosed overweight/obesity had high rates of ischemic heart disease, heart failure, structural heart disease, arrhythmia, stroke, and death, although the strength of the association decreased in recent years.

Significance statement
Obesity is linked to metabolic abnormalities that predispose individuals to an increased risk of subtypes of CVD. In this population-based nationwide 40-year cohort study, we found that of 195,221 patients with an overweight/obesity diagnosis, more than 31,000 (15.9%) were admitted to hospital within 10 years because of CVD; corresponding to a 2.5-fold greater relative risk of any CVD associated with overweight/obesity than in the general population. We observed an increased risk for most CVD subtypes, including ischemic heart disease, heart failure, structural heart disease, arrhythmia, stroke, and cardiovascular death, although the strength of the association decreased in recent years. Our study emphasizes the importance of improved clinical handling of obesity and underscores the need to prevent associated complications to alleviate the burden of obesity.
Efectividad de estrategias didácticas utilizadas para propiciar el logro de un mismo objetivo curricular en la Escuela de Secretariado Profesional de la UNA: percepción estudiantil
Authors: Cordero Norieth Guillén 
Published: February 2024

The Office Procedures course of the Escuela de Secretariado Profesional from Universidad Nacional covers topics related to the appropriate management of administrative activities in the modern office. It has a methodology focused on the theoretical analysis of the contents and the constant practice through dramas, simulations, demonstrations, visits to institutions, among others, in order to promote the familiarization of students with the secretarial and administrative techniques of public and private organizations. This article allows knowing the students’ perception about the effectiveness of the different didactic strategies used to propitiate the achievement of the samecurricular objective throughout three years, 2017, 2018 and 2019, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of each one of the strategies.