bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Secreted Portion of Glycoprotein G of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Is a Novel Antigen for Type-Discriminating Serology
Authors: Görander Staffan , Svennerholm Bo , Liljeqvist Jan-Åke 
Published: August 2003

ABSTRACTThe secreted portion of glycoprotein G (sgG-2) of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) was evaluated as a novel antigen in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) format for detection of type-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies in HSV-2-infected patients. The results were compared with those obtained by a commercially available assay, the HerpeSelect 2 ELISA (the FOCUS2 assay). Five different panels of sera were analyzed: panel A consisted of 109 serum samples from patients with a culture-proven HSV-1 infection that were Western blotting (WB) negative for HSV-2; panel B consisted of 106 serum samples from patients with a culture-proven recurrent HSV-2 infection that were WB positive for HSV-2; panel C consisted of 100 serum samples with no detectable IgG antibodies against HSV-1 and HSV-2; panel D consisted of 70 HSV-2 negative “tricky” serum samples containing antinuclear IgG antibodies or IgM antibodies against other viruses or bacteria; and panel E consisted of consecutive serum samples from 21 patients presenting with a first episode of HSV-2-induced lesions. When sera in panels A to C were analyzed, the sgG-2 ELISA and the FOCUS2 assay both showed sensitivities and specificities of ≥98%. In total, among the samples in panel D, 13 serum samples (19%) were false positive by the FOCUS2 assay and 1 serum sample (1.4%) was false positive by the sgG-2 ELISA. When the sera in panel E were analyzed, the sgG-2 ELISA detected seroconversion somewhat later than WB or the FOCUS2 assay did. We conclude that sgG-2 induces an HSV-2 type-specific antibody response and can be used for type-discriminating serology.
PCR-Reverse Line Blot Typing Method Underscores the Genomic Heterogeneity of
Borrelia valaisiana
Species and Suggests Its Potential Involvement in Lyme Disease
Authors: Godfroid Edmond , Min Hu Chang , Humair Pierre-François , Bollen Alex , Gern Lise 
Published: August 2003

ABSTRACT

Detection of the
Borrelia burgdorferi
sensu lato complex in biological samples is currently done by conventional immunological and molecular biological methods. To improve on the accuracy of these methods and to simplify the procedure for testing large numbers of samples, a solid-phase sandwich hybridization system readily applicable to the detection of PCR products has been designed. This colorimetric detection system relies on the use of polybiotinylated detection probes and of specific capture oligonucleotides covalently linked at allocated positions on nylon membrane strips. From a phylogenetic analysis on a great number of
ospA
gene sequences, we have designed and synthesized a set of PCR primers specific to the five
Borrelia burgdorferi
sensu lato genospecies present in Europe and a subset of probes (capture and detection probes) specific to these five genospecies (
B. burgdorferi
sensu stricto,
B. garinii
,
B. afzelii
,
B. valaisiana
, and
B. lusitaniae
). This combined PCR hybridization system was evaluated with a large number of various
B. burgdorferi
isolates and clinical specimens. These analyses clearly showed that the system could be used as a typing method to distinguish five genospecies belonging to the
B. burgdorferi
sensu lato complex. In addition, the study showed that
B. valaisiana
strains might be more heterologous than suspected up to now and clustered into three genomic groups.
Rapid and Sensitive Assays for Determination of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Genotypes and Detection of HBV Precore and Core Promoter Variants
Authors: Hussain Munira , Chu Chi-Jen , Sablon Erwin , Lok Anna S. F. 
Published: August 2003

ABSTRACT
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes may influence HBeAg seroconversion rates, mutational patterns in the precore (PC) and core promoter (CP) regions, severity of liver disease, and response to antiviral treatment. Development of rapid, simple, and standardized assays to detect viral genotypes and common mutations in the PC and CP regions can accelerate research on the clinical significance of these variants. We aim to assess the accuracy of a line probe assay in determining HBV genotypes and detecting HBV PC and CP variants. HBV genotypes in 701 patients and PC and CP variants in 600 patients with chronic HBV infection from China and the United States were studied using the INNO-LiPA assay. All but one (99.9%) sample were classified by the genotyping assay. All eight genotypes, i.e., A to H, were found. The INNO-LiPA genotyping assay results were completely concordant with those of sequencing. Using the INNO-LiPA PC assay, 99.8 and 94.7% samples were classifiable in the PC and CP regions, respectively. The PC assay results were completely concordant with those of sequencing in all samples that showed either wild-type or variant sequence. The line probe assay was more sensitive in detecting mixtures than was direct sequencing. By INNO-LiPA, only 50 and 27% of the samples, with mixed wild-type and variant sequence in the PC and CP region, respectively, showed mixed sequence by direct sequencing. INNO-LiPA is rapid, sensitive, and reliable—thus enabling accurate determination of HBV genotypes and detection of PC and CP variants in a large population of patients.
Evidence of Parvovirus Replication in Cerebral Neurons of Cats
Authors: Url Angelika , Truyen Uwe , Rebel-Bauder Barbara , Weissenböck Herbert , Schmidt Peter 
Published: August 2003

ABSTRACT
The correlation between parvovirus infections and lesions in the central nervous system other than cerebellar hypoplasia was studied in 100 cats. The animals were necropsied with a history of various diseases, one third showing typical clinical and pathomorphological signs of panleukopenia. In 18 cats polyclonal antiserum against canine parvovirus consistently labeled neurons mainly in diencephalic regions, whereas the cerebellar cortex remained negative in all cases. In situ hybridization with digoxigenin-labeled minus-sense RNA probes, hybridizing with monomer-replicative form DNA or mRNA, revealed positive signals in nuclei of several neurons of the brain, again excluding the cerebellum. PCR applied to formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded brain tissue and intestinal tissues of the diseased cats and subsequent DNA sequence analysis yielded canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2)-like sequences in the central nervous system. Two aspects of these findings are intriguing: (i) parvoviruses appear to be capable of replicating in neurons, cells that are considered to be terminally differentiated and (ii) CPV-like viruses of the old antigenic type CPV-2 appear to be able to infect cats.
Evaluation of a Rapid PCR Assay for Diagnosis of Meningococcal Meningitis
Authors: Richardson David C. , Louie Lisa , Louie Marie , Simor Andrew E. 
Published: August 2003

ABSTRACT
We compared the results of Gram staining and culture of cerebrospinal fluid to results obtained with a rapid PCR assay for the diagnosis of meningococcal meningitis in 281 cases of suspected bacterial meningitis. PCR had a sensitivity of 97% compared to a sensitivity of 55% for culture, and the PCR specificity was 99.6%. PCR results were available within 2 h of the start of the assay.
Modification of the Double-Disk Test for Detection of
Enterobacteriaceae
Producing Extended-Spectrum and AmpC β-Lactamases
Authors: Pitout J. D. D. , Reisbig M. D. , Venter E. C. , Church D. L. , Hanson N. D. 
Published: August 2003

ABSTRACT

Detection of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) in AmpC-producing
Enterobacteriaceae
is problematic. A modification of the double-disk test (MDDT) has been developed for successful detection of ESBLs in gram-negative bacilli producing well-characterized β-lactamases as well as 212 clinical isolates of
Enterobacter cloacae
,
Enterobacter aerogenes
,
Serratia marcescens
, and
Citrobacter freundii
. MDDT accurately differentiated between ESBL producers and derepressed chromosomal AmpC mutants. MDDT provides a cost-effective alternative approach for clinical microbiology laboratories for routine susceptibility testing with simultaneous detection of ESBLs in
Enterobacteriaceae
.
Strains of
Streptococcus pyogenes
from Severe Invasive Infections Bind HEp2 and HaCaT Cells More Avidly than Strains from Uncomplicated Infections
Authors: Edwards Mandy L , Fagan Peter K. , Smith-Vaughan Heidi , Currie Bart J. , Sriprakash Kadaba S. 
Published: August 2003

ABSTRACT

Epidemiologically unrelated
Streptococcus pyogenes
strains isolated from blood, throat, and skin were assayed for adherence to HEp2 and HaCaT cells. Invasive isolates showed significantly higher avidity for these cell lines than isolates from skin and throat. In general,
S. pyogenes
showed greater binding to HaCaT cells than to HEp2 cells.
Ability of Lysozyme and 2-Deoxyglucose To Differentiate Human and Bovine
Streptococcus bovis
Strains
Authors: Kurtovic Amina , Jarvis Graeme N. , Mantovani Hilário C. , Russell James B. 
Published: August 2003

ABSTRACT

Human and bovine
Streptococcus bovis
strains had the same 16S ribosomal DNA restriction fragment length polymorphism and often had the same patterns of starch, mannitol, lactose, and raffinose utilization. PCRs of BOX sequences differed, but numerical analyses indicated that some human strains clustered with bovine strains. However, human and bovine strains had distinctly different sensitivities to lysozyme and 2-deoxyglucose.
Commercial Broth Microdilution Panel Validation and Reproducibility Trials for Garenoxacin (BMS-284756), a Novel Desfluoroquinolone
Authors: Gordon Kelley A. , Rhomberg Paul R. , Jones Ronald N. 
Published: August 2003

ABSTRACT

Results from garenoxacin dry-form broth microdilution MIC panels prepared commercially (Sensititre, TREK Diagnostics) were compared to reference frozen-form MICs to ensure the validity of the longer-shelf-life product. A total of 1,078 organisms from seven major organism groups were used in this trial. All commercial MIC results were within ± one log
2
dilution of reference garenoxacin values, and reproducibility trials produced identical MIC results for 90.5 to 92.1% of garenoxacin MIC comparisons. Control quinolones (ciprofloxacin and gatifloxacin) also performed at a similarly high level of accuracy.
Acute Cytomegalovirus Infection and Transient Carotid Intimal-Medial Thickening in a Young, Otherwise Healthy Woman
Authors: Hirabayashi Yasuhiko , Ishii Tomonori , Kodera Takao , Fujii Hiroshi , Munakata Yasuhiko , Sasaki Takeshi 
Published: August 2003

ABSTRACT
Carotid intimal-medial thickening was observed in a 23-year-old woman with acute cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. The thickening disappeared after her recovery from the infection. As endothelial cells are common targets of CMV, this thickening suggests that CMV infection causes vascular lesions, even in otherwise healthy individuals.
Stereotactic Target Localization Accuracy in Interventional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Samset Eigil , Hirschberg Henry 
Published: August 2003

<i>Objective:</i> To compare stereotactic target determination, based on images obtained from interventional MRI (iMRI), conventional closed MR and CT. <i>Methods:</i> Stereotactic coordinates for 55 targets in an artificial scull were derived from iMRI scans and compared using CT as the standard. Stereotactic coordinates were also derived from iMRI scans in a series of patients and compared using iMRI fused with CT as the standard. <i>Results:</i> The mean difference between targets in the skull phantom determined from iMRI and CT images was 0.90 ± 0.28 mm, with a maximum difference of 1.57 mm. The mean difference between targets in the patients derived from iMRI alone and interventional MR fused with CT was 1.39 ± 0.54 mm, with a maximum difference of 2.47 mm. <i>Discussion:</i> The results indicate that iMRI can be used for stereotactic target localization.
Frameless Stereotaxy without Rigid Pin Fixation during Awake Craniotomies
Authors: Leuthardt Eric C. , Fox Douglas , Ojemann George A. , Dacey Ralph G. , Grubb Robert L. , Rich Keith M. , Ojemann Jeffrey G. 
Published: August 2003

<i>Objective:</i> The accuracy and precision of resection with awake brain mapping is augmented when combined with frameless stereotaxy. Frameless stereotactic assisted surgery, however, typically involves immobilization in Mayfield pins. Rigid fixation, however, may be problematic for individuals undergoing awake craniotomy. We describe an alternate method of frameless stereotaxy without the use of pin fixation. <i>Methods:</i> The MRI fiducials are placed in proximity to the proposed incision and prepared and draped in the operative field. After craniotomy, the epidural skull clamp (standardly used to support the electrode holder during corticography) is attached. Using the Stealth Navigational System, a spinal reference arc is then clamped onto the skull clamp base. After the fiducials and arc are registered, the probe is used for frameless guidance. <i>Results:</i> In 14 of 15 cases (93%), this technique was successful. One case failed because of close proximity of the fiducials to the incision. The accuracy of the 14 successful cases was less than 4 mm. The error within the lesion itself was always less than 2 mm. Overall, these results are comparable to those achieved using a Mayfield head holder. In all tumor cases, postoperative imaging concurred with intraoperative assessment of a total versus subtotal resection. <i>Conclusions:</i> By affixing the spinal arc to the skull, the complications and discomfort associated with pin fixation are avoided completely. The patient is free to move without affecting the accuracy. The spine arc, in combination with the skull clamp, provides an efficient, well-tolerated, and accurate method of frameless navigation for the awake patient undergoing craniotomy.
HSP70 Induced by Hyperosmotic Stress Partially Protects LLC-PK1 Cells against Nephrotoxic Drugs
Authors: Leitão Aurilucia A. , Leite Cleber A. , Santos Bento C. , Boim Mirian A. 
Published: August 2003

Accumulation of HSP70 is related to the cytoprotection. It was evaluated whether hyperosmotic stress induces HSP70 accumulation in LLC-PK1 cells, and protects cells against toxicity provoked by cisplatin (Cis) and cyclosporine A (CyA). Cells were maintained in isosmotic (Iso) or hyperosmotic (H) culture medium for 24 h and then exposed to Cis or CyA for an additional period of 12 or 24 h (groups H+Cis and H+CyA). The H medium did not induce cell death and increased both HSP70 mRNA and protein levels, suggesting a role in cell adaptation to H condition. H medium produced partial cytoprotection against Cis and CyA compared with control cells. Despite the cytoprotection, there was a reduction in HSP70 mRNA and protein levels in H+Cis group. In contrast, the H+CyA group presented high levels of HSP70 mRNA and protein. The induction of HSP70 by H medium was associated with tolerance of LLC-PK1 cells against Cis and CyA cytotoxicity but this protection was induced by different mechanisms and depended on the characteristics of the drug used.
Role of Islet1 in the patterning of murine dentition
Authors: Mitsiadis Thimios A. , Angeli Irene , James Chela , Lendahl Urban , Sharpe Paul T. 
Published: August 2003

It is believed that mouse dentition is determined by a prepatterning of the oral epithelium into molar (proximal) and incisor (distal) regions. The LIM homeodomain protein Islet1 (ISL1) is involved in the regulation of differentiation of many cell types and organs. During odontogenesis, we find Islet1 to be exclusively expressed in epithelial cells of the developing incisors but not during molar development. Early expression of Islet1 in presumptive incisor epithelium is coincident with expression of Bmp4, which acts to induce Msx1 expression in the underlying mesenchyme.To define the role of ISL1 in the acquisition of incisor shape, we have analysed regulation of Islet1 expression in mandibular explants. Local application of bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) in the epithelium of molar territories either by bead implantation or by electroporation stimulated Islet1 expression. Inhibition of BMP signalling with Noggin resulted in a loss of Islet1 expression. Inhibition of Islet1 in distal epithelium resulted in a loss of Bmp4 expression and a corresponding loss of Msx1 expression, indicating that a positive regulatory loop exists between ISL1 and BMP4 in distal epithelium. Ectopic expression of Islet1 in proximal epithelium produces a loss of Barx1 expression in the mesenchyme and resulted in inhibition of molar tooth development. Using epithelial/mesenchymal recombinations we show that at E10.5 Islet1 expression is independent of the underlying mesenchyme whereas at E12.5 when tooth shape specification has passed to the mesenchyme, Islet1 expression requires distal (presumptive incisor)mesenchyme. Islet1 thus plays an important role in regulating distal gene expression during jaw and tooth development.
Omnidirectional planar dipole‐array antenna for 2.4/5.2‐GHz WLAN access points
Authors: Wong Kin‐Lu , Lai Jeng‐Wen , Hsiao Fu‐Ren 
Published: August 2003

AbstractAn omnidirectional dual‐band planar dipole‐array antenna suitable for application in 2.4/5.2‐GHz WLAN access points is presented. The dipole‐array antenna is a linear array and comprises three back‐to‐back dipole elements with the first two elements operating in the 5.2‐GHz band and the third one operating in the 2.4‐GHz band. The proposed array antenna is narrow in width (12 mm in this design), and good omnidirectional radiation with gain variations less than 2 dBi for both the 2.4‐ and 5.2‐GHz bands is obtained. In addition, the antenna provides enhanced antenna gain (about 3.7–4.1 dBi) for frequencies across the 5.2‐GHz band, and good antenna gain (about 2.2–2.8 dBi) is also obtained across the 2.4‐GHz band. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 39: 33–36, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11118
The Hilbert curve as a small self‐resonant monopole from a practical point of view
Authors: González‐Arbesú J. M. , Blanch S. , Romeu J. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractPrefractal Hilbert curves are analyzed in terms of radiation efficiency, quality factor, and electrical size for their use as small self‐resonant monopole antennas. The structures show better performance as loads of monopoles than as radiating structures. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 39: 45–49, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11122
Photo‐induced cross‐linking mechanism in azide–novolac negative photoresists: molecular level investigation using NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Roy Debmalya , Basu P. K. , Raghunathan P. , Eswaran S. V. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractNegative photoresists are composed of a photoactive component (aromatic azides/bisazides) and cyclized rubber or novolac resin dissolved in an organic solvent. Hydrogen abstraction and/or insertion reaction of the reactive nitrene intermediate formed during photoirradiation of the azide result in a cross‐linked network of the novolac resin. The molecular weight of novolac resin in the exposed part of the photoresist film thus increases compared with that of the unexposed part. This makes the exposed part insoluble in the alkaline developer. Exploiting this change in physical property, a pattern can be transferred to a substrate from a mask. A better understanding of the exact mechanism of cross‐linking reactions is very important to the design of a high‐performing negative photoresist. A quinone–imine‐type complex has been proposed earlier involving the aromatic moiety of novolac resin as the reaction site. A more recent study focuses the attack of nitrene on the methylenic bridge and hydroxyl group of novolac resins, which were found to be responsible for the cross‐linking reaction along with the aromatic moiety of novolac resin. However, in our study no evidence was found for the involvement of a methylenic hydrogen or aromatic moiety of novolac resin in the cross‐linking reaction. The 1H NMR, 13C NMR and DEPT‐135 spectra before and after photolysis indicate that the cross‐linking site is predominantly the hydroxyl group of novolac resin. Multiple reaction sites of attack for the nitrene intermediate have been demonstrated in cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL)‐based novolac resin by 1H NMR spectroscopy, which in turn further increases the cross‐linked network in the exposed part of a negative photoresist. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relaxation compensation in chemical exchange measurements for the quantitation of amide hydrogen exchange in larger proteins
Authors: Hernández Griselda , LeMaster David M. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractThe increasingly rapid transverse relaxation of larger macromolecules serves to limit the practical length of various types of mixing periods. When chemical exchange dynamics are used to determine the rates of amide hydrogen exchange with the bulk solvent, the foreshortened mixing period results in lowered sensitivity. Three approaches are examined for increasing the practical length of the mixing period. The transverse relaxation rate of the amide resonances is decreased by perdeuteration of the carbon‐bound hydrogen positions and also by introduction of a TROSY‐based 15N‐separated pulse sequence. Reference experiments are proposed which provide accurate compensation for relaxation effects so that exchange rate data can be obtained over the entire mixing period profile. As a result, more than a 100‐fold range of amide exchange rates can be accurately determined for a moderate‐sized protein. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structure elucidation and total assignment of 1H and 13C NMR data for a new bisdesmoside saponin from Cordia piauhiensis
Authors: Santos Renata P. , Viana Francisco A. , Lemos Telma Leda G. , Silveira Edilberto R. , Braz‐Filho Raimundo , Pessoa Otília Deusdênia L. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractExtensive 1D (1H NMR, HBBD‐13C NMR, DEPT‐13C NMR) and 2D (COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, HMQC and HMBC) NMR analysis was used to characterize the structure of a new bisdesmoside saponin isolated from the methanol extract of stems of Cordia piauhiensis Fresen as 3β‐O‐[α‐L‐rhamnopyranosyl‐(1 → 2)‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl]ursolic acid 28‐O‐[β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐(1 → 6)‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl] ester. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Contact order dependent protein folding rates: Kinetic consequences of a cooperative interplay between favorable nonlocal interactions and local conformational preferences
Authors: Kaya Hüseyin , Chan Hue Sun 
Published: August 2003

AbstractPhysical mechanisms underlying the empirical correlation between relative contact order (CO) and folding rate among naturally occurring small single‐domain proteins are investigated by evaluating postulated interaction schemes for a set of three‐dimensional 27mer lattice protein models with 97 different CO values. Many‐body interactions are constructed such that contact energies become more favorable when short chain segments sequentially adjacent to the contacting residues adopt native‐like conformations. At a given interaction strength, this scheme leads to folding rates that are logarithmically well correlated with CO (correlation coefficient r = 0.914) and span more than 2.5 orders of magnitude, whereas folding rates of the corresponding Gō models with additive contact energies have much less logarithmic correlation with CO and span only approximately one order of magnitude. The present protein chain models also exhibit calorimetric cooperativity and linear chevron plots similar to that observed experimentally for proteins with apparent simple two‐state folding/unfolding kinetics. Thus, our findings suggest that CO‐dependent folding rates of real proteins may arise partly from a significant positive coupling between nonlocal contact favorabilities and local conformational preferences. Proteins 2003;52:524–533. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.