bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distribution of apoptotic cells and expression of apoptosis‐related proteins along the intrahepatic biliary tree in normal and non‐biliary diseased liver
Authors: Harada K , Iwata M , Kono N , Koda W , Shimonishi T , Nakanuma Y 
Published: March 2003

AimsThe cell kinetics and homeostasis of biliary epithelial cells may be maintained differently along the biliary tree. In this study, the role of apoptosis in the maintenance and homeostasis of the intrahepatic biliary tree was evaluated.Methods and resultsBy counting apoptotic biliary cells and by immunostaining apoptosis‐related proteins in normal liver, fatty liver, and those with acute viral hepatitis, chronic viral hepatitis, and hepatitis virus‐related cirrhosis, it was found that the larger the intrahepatic bile ducts became, the more biliary epithelial cells underwent apoptosis. bcl‐2, an inhibitor of apoptosis, was diffusely expressed in the interlobular bile ducts, but rarely detectable in the large and septal bile ducts. bcl‐XL and mcl‐1, inhibitors of apoptosis, and bax, a promoter of apoptosis, were diffusely expressed along the intrahepatic biliary tree. CD95, a direct inducer of apoptosis, was present in the large and septal bile ducts, but rarely in the interlobular bile ducts.ConclusionThe ratio of bax to bcl‐2, as well as the expression of CD95 which differed at the interlobular versus large and septal bile ducts, may be responsible for the unique distribution of apoptotic biliary cells and involved in the homeostasis of the intrahepatic biliary tree.
Cutaneous perineurioma: a poorly recognized tumour often misdiagnosed as epithelioid histiocytoma
Authors: Robson A M , Calonje E 
Published: March 2003

AimsEleven cases of cutaneous perineurioma were studied to further characterize the histological features of this entity.Methods and resultsThe histological and immunocytochemical features of 11 cases of cutaneous perineurioma were studied and detailed by two pathologists. Clinical data were obtained from the referring clinician. Seven patients were female and four were male with ages ranging from 19 to 67 years (median 41 years). Six lesions arose on the leg. Macroscopically lesions ranged from 4 mm to 14 mm in maximum diameter (median 7 mm). Diagnostic histological features included a nonencapsulated but sharply demarcated tumour with a dumbbell architecture. The tumour cells were spindle‐shaped with delicate inconspicuous cytoplasm and arranged in sheets, whorls or with a vague fascicular pattern. Epithelioid cells with moderate amounts of eosinophilic cytoplasm were frequently admixed with the spindle cells. One tumour had trabeculae of cells embedded within a dense collagenous stroma as described in sclerosing perineurioma. One case displayed a prominent myxoid stroma. Three further cases contained small foci of fibrosis or myxoid change suggesting a morphological spectrum exists in cutaneous perineurioma. Mitoses were exceptionally rare and necrosis and significant cytonuclear pleomorphism was not found. All tumours were epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) positive. Six cases showed focal positivity for factor XIIIa. Follow‐up ranged from 5 months to 6 years (median 1 years). No tumour recurred or metastasized.ConclusionsThe histological appearance of this tumour is broader than hitherto realized. Several cases in this series were misdiagnosed histologically and cutaneous perineuriomas may be more common than currently appreciated.
Sequential changes in localization of repair‐related proteins (heat shock protein 70, ubiquitin and vascular endothelial growth factor) in the different stages of myocardial infarction
Authors: Ishikawa Y , Akasaka Y , Ishii T , Itoh K , Masuda T , Zhang L , Kiguchi H 
Published: March 2003

: The myocardium expresses vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), and ubiquitin immediately after the onset of cardiac ischaemia. This study demonstrated the sequential changes in localization of these proteins, in addition to fibronectin and troponin T (TnT), in human hearts with myocardial infarction (MI).: Myocardial tissues from 40 autopsied MI cases were immunostained with the five antibodies against VEGF, HSP70, ubiquitin, fibronectin and TnT. Fibronectin was recognized only in the cardiomyocytes with infarction. Although TnT, HSP70, ubiquitin and VEGF were detected in the affected myocardium in the early stages, their expression in cardiomyocytes around infarcted foci were more intense. The cardiomyocytes with coagulative myocytolysis were positive for fibronectin, but negative or weakly positive for TnT, HSP70, ubiquitin and VEGF. In contrast, the cardiomyocytes with colliquative myocytolysis were strongly positive for TnT, HSP70, ubiquitin and VEGF, but negative for fibronectin.: Immunostaining using antibodies to fibronectin, TnT, HSP70, ubiquitin and VEGF is useful for the discrimination between infarcted myocytes and ischaemia‐damaged myocytes in the human heart with MI at autopsy.
Evaluation of DNA topoisomerase IIα expression provides independent prognostic information in non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas
Authors: Korkolopoulou P , Angelopoulou M , Siakantari M , Mitropoulos F , Vassilakopoulos T , Zorzos H , Rassidakis G , Androulaki A , Patsouris E , Kittas C , Davaris P , Pangalis G A 
Published: March 2003

In view of the dual role that DNA topoisomerase IIa (TopoIIa) plays as a cell proliferation marker and as a possible indicator of chemosensitivity, we investigated its expression in non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) in relation to conventional clinicopathological parameters, cell proliferation (as defined by Ki67 immunoreactivity), response to therapy and patient outcome.Formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tissues from 153 patients with NHL were immunohistochemically stained for TopoIIα. Patients were followed up until death (n = 63) or for an average of 68 months (median 64 months, n = 90). The percentage of TopoIIα positive cells (TopoIIα LI) increased with grade (P < 0.001), extranodal location (P = 0.05) and Ki67 LI (P = 0.01, r = 0.673). In most cases (58%), Ki67 LI exceeded TopoIIα LI (TopoIIα/Ki67 < 1), especially within the indolent group (P < 0.001). TopoIIαLI, Ki67LI and TopoIIα/Ki67 ratio were all adversely related to overall survival in univariate analysis, though their significance was not maintained after adjustment for grade. In multivariate analysis high TopoIIα/Ki67 ratio and high TopoIIα LI independently predicted shortened overall and post‐relapse survival, respectively. Most importantly, low TopoIIα/Ki67 ratio was the only independent predictor of diminished disease‐free survival. However, there was no relationship between TopoIIα expression and response.Our results suggest that evaluation of TopoIIα expression and TopoIIα/Ki67 ratio as cell proliferation markers provides independent prognostic information in relation to post‐relapse and overall survival. Furthermore, TopoIIα/Ki67 ratio appears to play a key role in the identification of patients prone to early relapse.
The utility of cytokeratin subsets in distinguishing Barrett's‐related oesophageal adenocarcinoma from gastric adenocarcinoma
Authors: Ormsby A H , Goldblum J R , Rice T W , Richter J E , Gramlich T L 
Published: March 2003

Aims: Accurate tumour classification is critical for meaningful epidemiological studies in the assessment of cancer incidence rates and trends. Differentiating primary gastric carcinoma from oesophageal carcinoma can be difficult, especially when tumours are large and involve both the oesophagus and stomach. Furthermore, adenocarcinomas of both organs typically are of intestinal histological type and arise in a background of intestinal metaplasia. Consequently, histological markers that reliably distinguish Barrett's‐related oesophageal adenocarcinoma from gastric adenocarcinoma would be useful. Cytokeratins (CK)7 and 20 are cytoplasmic structural proteins with restricted expression that help to determine the origin of many epithelial tumours including those of the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this study was to determine the utility of co‐ordinate CK7 and 20 expression in the distinction of Barrett's‐related oesophageal adenocarcinoma from gastric adenocarcinoma arising in a background of intestinal metaplasia.Methods and results: CK7 and 20 immunostaining was performed on randomly selected surgical resection specimens from patients with Barrett's‐related oesophageal adenocarcinoma (n = 30) and intestinal type gastric adenocarcinoma (n = 14) arising in a background of intestinal metaplasia. A CK7+ CK20‐ immunophenotype was demonstrated in 27 of 30 (90%) patients with Barrett's‐related oesophageal adenocarcinoma and only three of 14 (21%) gastric adenocarcinomas. The sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value of a CK7+/20– immunophenotype for a diagnosis of Barrett's‐related oesophageal adenocarcinoma was 90%, 79%, and 90%, respectively.Conclusions: A CK7+/20– tumour immunophenotype is associated with Barrett's‐related oesophageal adenocarcinoma and may be useful in accurate tumour classification, thus facilitating improving epidemiological evaluation of tumours at the oesophagogastric junction.
Lipomembranous fat necrosis in three cases of testicular torsion
Authors: Nistal M , González‐Peramato P , Paniagua R 
Published: March 2003

Lipomembranous fat necrosis in three cases of testicular torsion Aims: To describe for the first time a lesion termed lipomembranous fat necrosis (LFN) in three patients with spermatic cord torsion. Methods and results: We reviewed 386 testes and their epididymides and spermatic cords which had been removed for testicular infarction. For the three cases showing LFN, a battery of histochemical tests (including periodic acid–Schiff (PAS), orcein, Sudan black and Perls stains) was applied and clinical histories and laboratory data were also investigated. Findings were similar in the three specimens. The testes showed a central group of necrotic seminiferous tubules which were surrounded by granulation tissue consisting of macrophages, multinucleated giant cells, lymphocytes, plasma cells and fibrous connective tissue at the periphery of the lesion. The spermatic cord showed thrombosed veins surrounded by fat necrosis showing cystic cavities which were bounded by wavy hyaline membranes. These stained with Sudan black, PAS (before and after diastase digestion) and orcein and presented yellowish‐green autofluorescence. Conclusions: Lipomembranous fat necrosis of the spermatic cord is a distinctive entity which seems to be related to spermatic cord torsion and the differential diagnosis of which should be established with regard to the presence of parasites, sclerosing lipogranuloma and granuloma evoked by rupture of a testicular prosthesis.
Cytokeratin expression and epithelial differentiation in Warthin’s tumour and its metaplastic (infarcted) variant
Authors: Schwerer M J , Kraft K , Baczako K , Maier H 
Published: March 2003

Cytokeratin expression and epithelial differentiation in Warthin’s tumour and its metaplastic (infarcted) variant Aims: Warthin’s tumour is characterized by a bilayered columnar epithelium. Transformation into metaplastic (infarcted) Warthin’s tumour includes squamous metaplasia of the epithelium along with regressive changes in the stroma. Misinterpretation of metaplastic Warthin’s tumour for malignancy is a serious diagnostic pitfall. This study assesses the utility of cytokeratin expression in Warthin’s tumour and its metaplastic variant. Methods and results: Twenty‐six cases of Warthin’s tumour, among them eight metaplastic Warthin’s tumours, were investigated employing immunohistochemistry. Both Warthin’s tumour and its metaplastic variant regularly expressed cytokeratins (CK) 7, 8, 18, and 19. Staining results with antibodies to CK10, 10/13, 1/2/10/11, and 20 were negative in all specimens. Immunoreactivity for CK 5/14 and 17 was restricted to basal cells in Warthin’s tumour, but involved basal as well as surface cells in metaplastic Warthin’s tumour. Conclusions: Warthin’s tumour and its metaplastic (infarcted) variant both express CK 7, 8, 18, and 19, which are typical for columnar differentiation. Cytokeratins typical of squamous differentiation are absent from Warthin’s tumour and its metaplastic variant, irrespective of the squamous morphology of the epithelium in metaplastic Warthin’s tumour. The expression of CK 5/14 and 17, which are typical of regenerative cells, is restricted to basal cells in Warthin’s tumour, but is expressed also in surface cells in metaplastic Warthin’s tumour.
Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), β‐catenin, and cadherin are expressed in human bone and cartilage
Authors: Monaghan H , Bubb V J , Sirimujalin R , Millward‐Sadler S J , Salter D M 
Published: March 2003

Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), β‐catenin, and cadherin are expressed in human bone and cartilage Aims: Members of the cadherin and catenin families are involved in chondrogenesis and catenin gene mutations have been detected in malignant tumours of bone. This study was undertaken to assess in detail expression of cadherin, β‐catenin and the associated tumour suppressor gene product APC in bone and cartilage at different stages of human skeletal maturity and in non‐neoplastic and neoplastic osteoarticular disease. Methods and results: Immunohistochemical staining of formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded normal and osteoarthritic adult articular cartilage, fetal growth plate and a series of tumours of bone and cartilage was undertaken with a panel of antibodies against APC, β‐catenin, and pan‐cadherin. This study demonstrated expression of APC, β‐catenin and cadherin in normal and diseased bone and cartilage. APC was present both in osteoblasts and osteoclasts but not in osteocytes. Although only weak APC staining of occasional growth plate hypertrophic chondrocytes and normal articular chondrocytes was seen, APC staining was increased in osteoarthritic articular cartilage. β‐catenin and pan‐cadherin staining was strongly positive in osteoclasts and osteoblasts, with expression being lost when bone cells differentiated into osteocytes. Expression of APC, β‐catenin and pan‐cadherin in bone tumours was similar to that of non‐neoplastic adult tissues. Conclusions: These findings suggest previously unrecognized roles for APC in regulation of function of chondrocytes, osteoblasts and osteoclasts and support the view that catenin–cadherin interactions are important in regulation of bone cell activity. Abnormalities of expression or function of these molecules may be important in formation of bone tumours and their clinical behaviour.
Pigmented spindle cell carcinoid tumour of the thymus with ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone secretion: report of a rare variant and differential diagnosis of mediastinal spindle cell neoplasms
Authors: Kuo T‐t 
Published: March 2003

Pigmented spindle cell carcinoid tumour of the thymus with ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone secretion: report of a rare variant and differential diagnosis of mediastinal spindle cell neoplasms Aims: A variety of histological variants of thymic carcinoid tumour have been described. A rare case of pigmented spindle cell carcinoid tumour of the thymus is documented and compared with the reported cases of thymic pigmented carcinoid tumour in the literature, with a discussion of the differential diagnosis of spindle cell tumours of the mediastinum. Methods and results: A thymic tumour with ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secretion was resected from a 24‐year‐old man suffering from Cushing's syndrome. Histological, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural studies revealed an ACTH‐producing spindle cell carcinoid tumour harbouring pigmented melanocytes. Among four thymic pigmented carcinoid tumours reported before, only one was similar to the present case by being also an ACTH‐secreting pigmented spindle cell thymic carcinoid tumour. The clinicopathological features of this tumour distinguish it from a spindle cell thymoma, spindle cell thymic carcinoma, and other mediastinal spindle cell tumours. Conclusions: This case illustrates an extremely rare variant of thymic carcinoid tumour exhibiting a spindle cell morphology and harbouring pigmented melanocytes. Awareness of this histological variant is important in the differential diagnosis of spindle cell tumours of the mediastinum.
Duodenal wall cysts may be derived from a ductal component of ectopic pancreatic tissue
Authors: Suda K , Takase M , Shiono S , Yamasaki S , Nobukawa B , Kasamaki S , Arakawa A , Suzuki F 
Published: March 2003

Aims: To clarify the mechanism of origin of duodenal wall cysts in patients with chronic pancreatitis, developing into duodenal stenosis.Methods and results: Specimens from 12 pancreatoduodenectomized patients with chronic pancreatitis and 51 controls were studied histopathologically and immunohistochemically. Variously shaped cystic lesions, averaging about 15 mm in diameter, were found in the duodenum in six of the 12 patients with chronic pancreatitis, but were not observed in the controls. Each case had an average of two cysts, which were located mainly in the muscularis propria of the duodenum with or without submucosal or extraduodenal–peripancreatic extensions. The inner part of the cyst wall consisted of a moderate rim of granulation tissue, with both myofibroblasts and smooth muscle proliferation in the tissue surrounding the cyst and the submucosal layer of the duodenum, occasionally accompanied by an epithelial lining. A ductal structure in the muscularis propria of the duodenum, possibly a ductal component of ectopic pancreatic tissue, was found in five of the six cases. Some of these structures showed cystic changes. Three of the six patients had accompanying duodenal stenosis.Conclusions: Duodenal wall cysts occur mainly in the muscularis propria of the duodenum associated with both myofibroblasts and smooth muscle proliferation, and may result in duodenal stenosis. These cysts may be derived from a ductal component of ectopic pancreatic tissue.
The development and evaluation of the UK national telepathology network
Authors: Bamford W M , Rogers N , Kassam M , Rashbass J , Furness P N 
Published: March 2003

Aims:  As technology advances and costs fall, it may be anticipated that soon every histopathologist will expect to be able to exchange electronic images with colleagues. Arguing that the value of a network increases as more people are connected, we sought to install a simple, low‐cost telepathology system into any histopathology laboratory which requested it within the UK.Methods and results:  We assumed that laboratories had microscopes, computers and internet access. We offered low‐cost video cameras, video input cards, software and training to any histopathology department requesting installation, limited only by resources supplied by the UK government. We also established central servers and a website with ‘help’ files. After 1 year we studied system use and pathologists' opinions by circulating a questionnaire. Installations were completed in 35 laboratories; there are currently 66 registered users of the system, with 16 identified ‘experts’ covering most organ systems. Serious difficulties were caused by institutional firewalls and reluctance of local information technology (IT) staff to make changes to facilitate the installation or to help resolve subsequent network problems. After installation, many of the telepathology systems remain unused. Concerns were expressed about image quality, though mainly by pathologists who had not used the system for diagnostic work. The system remains available, but the level of use is low.Conclusions:  This project has not achieved its aims. The reasons are complex, but mainly relate to human attitudes. Pathologists with excessive workloads were reluctant to use time to learn new skills which were not directed to reducing workload. IT staff did not perceive the project as part of their routine work. There were also numerous technological problems, but although image quality was cited by many, it was not a complaint of those who actively used the system. These problems have not been encountered by previous projects which involved small groups of committed enthusiasts.
Tolerance and bystander suppression, with involvment of CD25‐positive cells, is induced in rats receiving serum from ovalbumin‐fed donors
Authors: Karlsson M. R. , Kahu H. , Hanson L. Å. , Telemo E. , Dahlgren U. I. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryIn the present study we have investigated if transfer of serum from rats fed ovalbumin (OVA) leads to specific tolerance and bystander suppression in recipient animals. Rats that received serum from OVA‐fed donors had a lower delayed‐type hypersensitivity reaction (DTH) both against OVA and the bystander antigen, human serum albumin (HSA), compared with recipients given serum from control‐fed animals. The in vitro proliferation of OVA‐ and HSA‐stimulated spleen cells and the serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody levels against OVA and HSA were also lower in the animals that received serum from OVA‐fed animals compared with the controls. There was no reduction of the immune response to HSA if the recipient animals, given serum from OVA‐fed donors were immunized with OVA and HSA at separate sites. Depletion of CD25‐positive cells from spleen suspensions from rats receiving serum from OVA‐fed animals, resulted in a significant increase in proliferation of OVA‐stimulated cells in vitro compared with the controls. Tolerogenic activity could be demonstrated, both in a fraction from serum containing structures smaller than 100 000 MW and a fraction with components larger than 100 000 MW, compared with size‐related serum fractions obtained from control‐fed animals. This implies that the tolerogenic activity could be mediated by more than one serum component. The tolerogenic activity was most prominent in animals receiving the larger size fraction with a more pronounced suppression of the DTH reaction and lower levels of IgG anti‐OVA antibodies in serum compared with controls. A novel finding in the present study was that the transfer of serum, collected from rats fed OVA, led to a reduction of the immune response to a bystander antigen in the recipients. This suggests that the induced tolerance is at least partly due to suppression. The suppression could have been mediated by CD25‐positive cells since removal of these cells resulted in an increased in vitro proliferation against OVA.