bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aircraft Receivable Securitizations
Authors: Raynes Sylvain , Rutledge Ann 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One day, as he was returning from a lecture tour in Asia Minor, a famous Sophist spotted Socrates on the street. It was common for the philosopher to spend hours talking to a cobbler about what a shoe was. Approaching Socrates, the rhetorician remarked sarcastically, “My dear Socrates, are you still saying the same thing about the same thing?” Socrates replied, “Yes, that I am.
Leaders Talk Leadership
Authors: Ashby Meredith D , Miles Stephen A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Leaders Talk Leadership is an impressive collection of interviews with some of the world’s most respected corporate leaders and management scholars. Edited by Ashby and Miles of the preeminent executive search firm Heidrick and Struggles, this compilation of thought leadership spanning industries and geographies addresses the key issues facing executives today such as governance, leadership and strategy, how to lead in volatile times or through a corporate transformation, how to best leverage human capital and how to achieve competitive advantage in today’s environment. Some of the CEO’s featured in the book include Ken Chenault, of American Express, Steve Reinemund of PepsiCo, Heinrich von Pierer of Siemens, Ken Lewis of Bank of America, Edward Tian of China Netcom, Fred Smith of FedEx, Hank McKinnell of Pfizer, A.G. Lafley of Proctor and Gamble, Klaus Zumwinkel of Deutsche Post World Net, William Haseltine of Human Genome Sciences, Linda Sanford of IBM, Larry Weinbach of Unisys and Michael Dell of Dell Computer. Framing these cutting-edge concepts are interviews and written essays by preeminent academics, including Jay Conger from London Business School, Jim Collins of Good to Great, Mohanbir Sawhney of Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern University and Jeffrey Pfeffer of Stanford University. Serving as the line executive’s roadmap to recruiting, retaining and developing talent and an encyclopedia of MBA students worldwide, this book represents path-breaking leadership perspectives from path-breaking leaders.
Total Terror
Authors: Robin Corey 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It was a sign of his good fortune—and terrible destiny—that Nikolai Bukharin was pursued throughout his short career by characters from the Old Testament. Among the youngest of the “Old Bolsheviks,” Bukharin was, in Lenin’s words, “the favorite of the whole party.” A dissident economist and accomplished critic, this impish revolutionary, standing just over five feet, charmed everyone. Even Stalin. The two men had pet names for each other, their families socialized together, and Stalin had Bukharin stay at his country house during long stretches of the Russian summer. So beloved throughout the party was Bukharin that he was called the “Benjamin” of the Bolsheviks. If Trotsky was Joseph, the literary seer and visionary organizer whose arrogance aroused his brothers’ envy, Bukharin was undoubtedly the cherished baby of the family.
Remains of the Day
Authors: Robin Corey 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
After every great battle comes a great despair. Particularly if the war is civil and insurgent, whether it is waged with words or arms, both sides feel desolate. Among the vanquished, comrade accuses comrade of treachery or cowardice, soldiers denounce generals for marching them toward folly, and everyone is soon seized by what Tocqueville described as the “contempt” that broken revolutionaries “acquire for the very convictions and passions which moved them” in the first place. Forced to abandon the cause for which they gave up so much, failed rebels “turn against themselves and consider their hopes as having been childish—their enthusiasm and above all, their devotion, absurd.” Unlike the losers, whose defeat is a permanent reminder of their struggle’s unrequited sacrifice, the victors suffer from short memories. Forgetting the hardships of battle, they mourn its lost noise. We felt more alive in the jaws of death, they cry, than we do now, in the lap of comfort. “Let me have a war” one of Aufidius’s servants notes in Coriolanus. “It exceeds peace as far as day does night; it’s spritely, waking, audible, and full of vent. Peace is a very apoplexy, lethargy; mulled, deaf, sleepy, insensible; a getter of more bastard children than war’s a destroyer of men.” Though the winners complain of victory’s deceleration, the real source of their unhappiness is its disenchantment. Victory forces victors to see that the good for which they fought is tarnished and soiled, that every promised land looks better from afar than up close. Perhaps that is why God never allows Moses off Mount Nebo: had he entered Canaan, he might have seen the waiting disappointment.
Introduction to the Debate Over Risky Technologies
Authors: Peters Philip G 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Modem fertility treatments are miraculous. By offering children to the childless, they replace despair with euphoria. Yet even the simplest of these treatments can pose risks to future children. Failure to screen sperm donors, for example, can make artificial insemination unnecessarily dangerous. And high doses of ovulationinducing drugs can greatly increase the risk of a multiple pregnancy and the complications that accompany it. Today imminent reproductive techniques, like human cloning and germ-line genetic engineering, are believed to pose the risk of injuries so frequent and so serious that some respected experts call for their complete prohibition.
Treatments That Endanger Embryos
Authors: Peters Philip G 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In vitro fertilization has an ectopic pregnancy rate (5%) that is two to four times higher than the rate for natural pregnancy.’ Human cloning is expected to have a miscarriage rate that is even higher.2 Most infertility patients, however, are willing to accept the risks associated with in vitro fertilization (IVF) and some are reportedly even prepared to run the risks associated with cloning. Should we limit their freedom to do so in order to protect their embryos and foetuses from an early demise? Is spontaneous abortion (miscarriage) yet another way reproductive technologies can harm future persons? News accounts often assume as much. They typically lump the enhanced risk of spontaneous abortion together with the substantial risk of serious birth defects when discussing the threat that cloning poses to future children. Yet birth defects are suffered by persons whose moral status is undisputed. By contrast, spontaneous abortions happen to embryos and foetuses. Thus, the harmfulness of infertility treatments associated with a high rate of embryo loss turns on the moral status assigned to the embryo.
Synthesis
Authors: Peters Philip G 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Reproductive behaviour can harm future children in three different ways. First, reproductive practices can cause ordinary harm. Ordinary harm occurs when a clinic’s conduct makes a child worse off than she otherwise would have been. Second, the interests of future children are harmed when the birth of an injured child could have been avoided by changes in conduct leading to the birth of a different, healthier child. These injuries are avoidable by the substitution of one child for another. Finally, the use of a risky reproductive technique is also harmful when it cause injuries so serious that life itself is harmful. A harmful life is one that is worse than never existing at all. This comprehensive framework provides a template for identifying the situations in which a risky technology genuinely threatens the welfare of future children. It also provides a basis for targeting responsible protective legislation and for defending those laws from constitutional challenge.
A Critique of the “Deeply Rooted” Test
Authors: Peters Philip G 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As explained in the last chapter, the history of American substantive due process doctrine is a cyclical history of expansion and contraction. Given our current location in this cycle, the Court’s recent emphasis on historical practices is understandable. But it is not the best choice that the Court could have made. The “deeply rooted” test has shortcomings that should lead to its eventual abandonment in favour of the multi-factorial approach advocated long ago by Justice Harlan. For Harlan, historical practice was only one of many relevant factors to be considered. Hopefully, the court’s recent decision in Lawrence is a sign that the court is now reaching the same conclusion.
Figuring Out What’s Wrong
Authors: Lehman Thomas J A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Before medical school I had to take all the required classes in college. Many of the classes required for medical school satisfied the requirements for majoring in zoology in college. I enjoy the outdoors and was happy to sign up for field zoology as one of the required courses. Armed with guidebooks, we walked around the local hills in small groups with an instructor looking for and identifying birds. Sometimes the instructor would hear a noise or see a bird vaguely in the distance and tell us what it was. Frequently, it was too far away to see the identifying characteristics noted in the guidebook, but when we got closer we would see that he was correct in his identification. Other times one of us would become very excited and announce that we had just seen a bird we had never seen before and we were sure it was, for example, a Mexican jay. The instructor would just shake his head. No matter how sure we were that it matched the picture in the book, he would point out that we were not in (or even close to) Mexico and that a common bird in our area looked a little bit like the Mexican jay. A few minutes’ investigation would invariably prove that he was right and we were wrong. He had been teaching this course in the same hills for many years. Each different bird had a typical behavior, a typical place it was likely to be seen, and a typical time of year it was likely to be there. These things were not in our guidebooks, but the instructor knew them from experience. With years of experience it was easy for him to recognize birds from much further away than we couId and to know when we couId not have seen what we thought we saw. He knew that there were rare exceptions, but they were always unlikely.
Sports Injuries
Authors: Lehman Thomas J A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Sports injuries are the most common causes of muscle, bone, and joint pains in childhood. Most are minor injuries related to trauma, easily recognized because the pain started right after falling, running into another child on the field, twisting an ankle, and so on. Often these are minor muscle and tendon injuries (bangs, scrapes, and sprains) that resolve over a few hours or days at most. Pain that is severe or persists requires medical attention.
Family Issues
Authors: Lehman Thomas J A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Most of the parents reading this book will not have a child with a serious chronic condition. They can skip this section. However, if your child does have a significant disability, or you think your child’s medical care is starting to take over your life, please read on. In one of my families there were three children; the oldest was a twelve year-old with severe arthritis. The decision was made that he would have a hip replacement after the end of the school year. Both parents were very concerned and everyone knew that Johnny was expected to be in the hospital for five days after the surgery. All of us would have the same initial response: Ask a sitter or a relative to care for Sally and Timmy (8 and 1O years old) so Mom and Dad can be at Johnny’s bedside for the five days. Summer travel plans are off, because Johnny will need a lot of physical therapy to recover and will not be able to travel. This all sounds reasonable, but it’s the wrong answer. Instead, Grandma came to take care of Sally and Timmy for the first two days. After it was clear that Johnny was recovering as expected, Dad took off with Sally and Timmy on a trip to one of their favorite places. Mom and Grandma relieved each other in the hospital. At the end of a week everyone was back at home feeling they had gotten lots of attention. Further, it was agreed that if Johnny made good progress in physical therapy, the whole family would go off to an amusement park at the end of the summer. Otherwise, Sally, Timmy, and Mom would go, and Dad would stay home with Johnny. Everyone got attention. Everyone had a shared goal. No one felt deprived or held back.
Is there a “male menopause”?
Authors: Segal Sheldon J , Mastroianni Luigi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Stories about aged fathers are legion, not only in the Bible but also in present times. According to the Guinness Book of Records, the oldest natural father in 2000 was Hu Chin-yao of Taiwan at age 109 years. Credibility of such claims aside, the asserted lifetime reproductive potential of the male does not represent a more advanced reproductive system than the female. To the contrary, the male system is an atavistic carryover from our evolutionary past, with striking similarities to a frog, fish, or mouse, whereas adaptations in the female reproductive system provide the evolutionary advances needed for our highly successful process of assuring nurture and support for single newborns. A microscopist looking at a human testis sees a structure remarkably similar to that of lower vertebrates—a compact body of tightly convoluted tubules held intact by a shiny, fibrous sheath. The structure of the human testis might be characterized as generic. The seminiferous tubules, in which sperm production takes place, would extend for several miles if straightened out. This tubular structure separates the sperm-producing function of the male gonad from the cells that produce its hormones (predominantly testosterone and other androgens). The sperm are produced inside the seminiferous tubules, which make up most of the bulk and weight of the testis, and the hormone-producing cells (Leydig cells) occupy the space outside the tubules.
Is testosterone the only androgen the body produces?
Authors: Segal Sheldon J , Mastroianni Luigi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The testis produces several different hormones with androgenic activity. Testosterone is the most well known. It gets blamed for everything macho and its loss is lamented as a farewell to verve. A gradual decline in testosterone begins from the peak blood levels at about 20 years of age. Between ages 50 and 80, the average level of bioavailable testosterone falls more than 50%. There has been an effort to find synthetic compounds that can offset this aging decline. Androgens with unusual chemical structures proved to be a misguided approach because of their association with liver toxicity. Unlike estrogenic hormones, plants and other natural sources have failed to provide a source of androgens for human application. Consequently, the source of molecular models for testosterone substitutes has been the human body. The normal pathways in the body for the synthesis of testosterone explain why men use various testosterone precursor compounds for body-building or to derive other benefits from higher testosterone levels. Sold as nutritional supplements, these precursors are active orally and can be converted in the body to testosterone. Claims that are made for these products must be evaluated with the realization that they are not regulated by the FDA and manufacturers have to prove neither their claims nor product safety before marketing those supplements.
Can AST help brain function in aging men?
Authors: Segal Sheldon J , Mastroianni Luigi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Cognitive function frequently declines with aging, so it is reasonable to suspect that the declining levels of testosterone in aging men may be a factor. Many scientific studies of an observational nature have been carried out to test this hypothesis. One way to approach this question is to determine whether an older man’s testosterone level is correlated with his cognitive function. Do men who perform well on standard neuropsychological tests have higher circulating testosterone levels than men who perform poorly? Yes, it turns out that they do. A group of researchers at the University of California-San Diego did an analysis of more than 500 men, 59–89 years of age. The subjects were noninstitutionalized residents of Rancho Bernardo, California. The investigators recorded the values of the men’s total testosterone, and subsequently a battery of 12 standard neuropsychological tests were given that test memory, immediate and delayed recall, fluency, and several other cognitive functions. Although the association proved to be weak, they found that high total testosterone levels were predictive of better performance on several of the tests for cognitive function. Other investigators have confirmed this, fine-tuning their conclusions to emphasize the importance of bioavailable testosterone (the portion that is active in the body).
Are sign languages real languages?
Authors: Napoli Donna Jo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Almost all hearing people have seen Deaf people communicating with each other by moving their hands, either on television or in real life. The manual-visual language the Deaf are using is called sign language. Many hearing children know the manual alphabet used by the Deaf in America, and many hearing children and adults can make a few signs. But most hearing people do not have Deaf friends.
You might object to that last claim because you are a hearing person and you have a friend who has been losing or has already lost his hearing as he grew older. So I want to make a distinction here between people whose first language is a spoken language and who lose their hearing through injury, disease, or aging, and most important, who never use a sign language as their major means of communication—who are typically called deaf people (with a small “d”)—and people who are hard of hearing or cannot hear at all (for whatever reason) and who use a sign language as their major means of communication—who are called Deaf people (with a capital “D”). People in the first group are integrated into hearing society; people in the second group are generally not.
Do animals have language?
Authors: Napoli Donna Jo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
You may have heard of Koko, the gorilla, or you may have read about bee dances. Many people, including some biologists, think that these examples show that animals have language. One of the biggest issues in this question is determining exactly what language is. I began an informal investigation, surveying a variety of people on the definition of “language.” The first person I asked kept returning to the notion of the passing of information. Undoubtedly some instances of language involve the passing of information. But let’s say I find that a branch has fallen off the big, old silver maple in my front yard, exposing a core of rot. I now know that my tree is sick. Information has been received, but did an event of language occur? Surely not, as my tree does not use language. So the passing of information cannot be sufficient grounds for calling an event an instance of language.
English spelling is hard, and it makes learning to read hard. Should we do anything about it?
Authors: Napoli Donna Jo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Many children in the United States try for years to learn to read, and some never succeed. Educators talk about a fourth-grade reading level as a milestone in the process of achieving literacy. The accepted wisdom is that once students reach this level, they cross over from learning to read to reading to learn. So, on average, it would seem to take four years of schooling (not including kindergarten or pre-K education) to gain such proficiency. Gaining analogous levels of proficiency in writing skills takes even longer.
The stumbling blocks in achieving literacy in English are numerous, and many people have called for spelling reform. Instances of rebellion against traditional spelling are often used in advertising, like “lite” for “light.” Chat rooms on the internet have something we can already call a tradition of simplified spellings. Indeed, they have a tradition of acronyms that exist only as spellings, such as “brb” for “be right back.” Text messaging on cell phones is another situation in which simplified spelling is found. We can expect more as technology advances, and we can expect these simplified spellings to creep into other contexts.
A Handful of Adventurers The Myth of Exceptional Men
Authors: Restall Matthew 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One of the great themes of historical literature over the past five centuries has been the assessment of the European discovery of the Americas as one of the two greatest events in human history. Perhaps the earliest such judgement made in print was the claim by the Paduan philosopher Lazzaro Buo-namico in 1539 that nothing had brought more honor to mankind “than the invention of the printing press and the discovery of the new world; two things which I always thought could be compared, not only to Antiquity, but to immortality.” A similar, better-known pronouncement was penned by Francisco López de Gómara, Hernán Cortés’s private secretary and official biographer, in 1552. “The greatest event since the creation of the world (excluding the incarnation and death of Him who created it),” wrote Gómara, “is the discovery of the Indies [i.e., the Americas].”
Knowledge Capital: How Knowledge-Based Enterprises Really Get Built
Authors: Chatzkel Jay L . 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Knowledge Capital: How Knowledge-Based Enterprises Really Get Built is an integrated, structured set of conversations with thought leaders and key practitioners in the fields of intellectual capital and knowledge management, who examine-in the form of conversations-the steps necessary for creating and implementing the various dimensions of a knowledge-based enterprise. These are the dimensions that need to be effectively addressed for the organization to successfully make the transition from an activity-based organization to a truly knowledge-based enterprise. The conversations that make up Knowledge Capital are not studies of theory separated from practice or practice without a strong theoretical base. Rather, they are the stories of how knowledge-based enterprises really get built, in the words of the people who built them. While every contributor begins from his or her own unique perspective and background, each moves toward a convergent understanding of the core elements, perspectives, and practices involved. These systemic conversations provide a body of knowledge and experience on how to craft and implement strategies, as well as the how values, learning, performance, relationships, innovation, and change play in the development of usable knowledge environment. These explorations, together, lead to a mapping of what are quickly becoming the foundations of the next stage of the field. Knowledge Capital gives the reader a readily accessible collection of insights and experiences essential for the new era in intellectual capital and knowledge management.