bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conflict resolution and moral reasoning
Authors: Heydenberk Warren R. , Heydenberk Roberta Anna , Bailey Sharon Perkins 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe effects of conflict resolution training on students' moral reasoning were examined in this five‐year study. Inspired by pilot
studies that found increased attachment, cooperation, and prosocial skills in treatment classrooms, the study was conducted with elementary students
(ten treatment groups and eight comparison groups) in a low‐income Philadelphia school and in two schools in a suburban
low‐income district. Treatment group teachers were trained in integrated conflict resolution strategies, and they were provided ongoing support
to ensure classroom implementation of conflict resolution skills. Treatment group students demonstrated significant improvement in moral reasoning.
Derivation of 1/f fluctuations by means of the spatial coarse‐graining method for a neural network model
Authors: Kamitani Yoshinobu , Suyari Hiroki , Matsuba Ikuo 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe 1/f spectra that appear in electroencephalogram data are among the characteristics that appear in the wide range of self‐organizing phenomena encompassing both physical and sociological phenomena. The fact that they appear across the various objects suggests that the underlying cause of the 1/f spectra can be elucidated by using a simplified model that does not depend on the detailed structure of the objects. This paper, treating the electroencephalogram as a macro‐quantity of neuron activities, demonstrates the existence of a self‐similar solution through the spatial‐temporal coarse‐graining of a neural network, which is a simplified model of the brain. The self‐similar solution in fact leads to the derivation of a 1/f spectrum. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 87(1): 72–81, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.10016
Cumulative demand of the earthquake ground motions in the near source
Authors: Manfredi Gaetano , Polese Maria , Cosenza Edoardo 
Published: September 2003

AbstractIn this paper the effects of near‐fault earthquakes are investigated through the study of parameters related to both input energy and plastic cycles demand. Based on the results of two different regression analyses performed with 128 near‐fault and 122 far‐field registrations, respectively, the Cosenza and Manfredi adimensional Id index was found to be the best seismological parameter correlated to the number n and amplitude m of plastic cycles in the vicinity of the source as well as far from it. Analytical formulations for n,m and for the equivalent number of plastic cycles neq are proposed for near‐fault and far‐field regions. The study of Id and neq shows the tendency of such parameters to increase as the distance increases. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pharmacological management of aggression and violence
Authors: Humble F. , Berk M. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractThe pharmacological management of violence and aggression is a common and substantial clinical dilemma in the emergency psychiatric situation. A literature search was conducted through PubMed and using the Cochrane Library. This was followed by a manual search of selected literature. Randomised controlled trials were sought that specifically addressed the acute situation, rather than the ongoing management of chronic conditions. There was a paucity of well‐controlled data and insufficient evidence to support the use of many agents in emergency situations. Many studies had considerable limitations making comparison difficult. Efficacy data for a range of treatment options exists, including the use of classical and atypical anti‐psychotic agents, benzodiazepines and combination therapies. Clinical risk, tolerability and environmental factors need to form part of a careful and considered judgement in the choice of treatment. Safety, tolerability and the potential for a positive experience are major considerations, thus paving the way for long term compliance. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Murder or mortuary behaviour? An Iron Age enigma from Northeast Thailand
Authors: Tayles N. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractDuring the excavation of the Iron Age site of Noen U‐Loke, in the Mun River Valley, northeast Thailand, in 1998 an unusual case of possible fatal cranial trauma in an elderly woman was recovered. Her skull was cleaved across the centre from side to side. The woman was buried with her head inside a ceramic pot, which is unusual for the site, but with jewellery similar to that in other burials. She was interred in a large cluster of graves, with a high proportion of infants and children. Her burial treatment suggests that she was not being treated punitively. The position of the mandible shows that the cleavage is not a postmortem artifact but it is not possible to determine the reason for it or whether it was the cause of her death or occurred immediately afterward. It is an unusual and intriguing enigma. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Oral implications of labret use: a case from pre‐Columbian Chile
Authors: Torres‐Rouff C. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractThis paper examines the osteological evidence for a case of long‐term labret use in pre‐Columbian north Chile and the pathological conditions associated with it. The burials from the site of Solcor 3 (AD 400–900) included a complete skeleton associated with two quartz labrets. Analysis of the skeleton of this adult male revealed wear and polish on the labial surface of both mandibular canines, indicating that the labrets were worn as a pair on either side of the midline of the lower lip. In addition to these abrasion facets, there were also areas of periosteal reaction in the alveolar bone of the canines. These patterns were analysed from the perspective of the clinical dentistry literature and compared to archaeological data. It is concluded that this individual's dental health was affected by wearing labrets, although not as seriously as might be expected based on contemporary medical reports. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Soluble polymer‐bound quaternary ammonium salts for the addition reaction of glycidyl methacrylate with carbon dioxide
Authors: Kim Jang‐Joo , Shin Dong‐Hwan , Lee Hwa‐Soo , Park Dae‐Won 
Published: August 2003

AbstractSoluble polymeric catalysts containing benzyltrialkylammonium chloride moieties and styrene or N,N‐dimethylacrylamide as a polar unit were prepared by copolymerization of vinylbenzyl chloride and the corresponding monomer, and then quaternization of the chloromethyl group by trialkylamines. The addition reaction of glycidyl methacrylate and carbon dioxide proceeded effectively using these polymer‐supported quaternary ammonium salts. The catalytic activity was affected by the amount of vinylbenzyl chloride, type of reaction solvent, and the structure of trialkylammonium salt due to the balance between lipophilicity and steric hindrance of the pendant quaternary ammonium salt. A kinetic study was also carried out to better understand the reaction steps. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Semilocalized approach to investigation of chemical reactivity
Authors: Gineityte V. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractApplication of the power series for the one‐electron density matrix Gineityte, V., J Mol Struct Theochem 1995, 343, 183 to the case of two interacting molecules is shown to yield a semilocalized approach to investigate chemical reactivity, which is characterized by the following distinctive features: (1) Electron density (ED) redistributions embracing orbitals of the reaction centers of both molecules and of their neighboring fragments are studied instead of the total intermolecular interaction energy; (2) the ED redistributions are expressed directly in the basis of fragmental orbitals (FOs) without passing to the basis of delocalized molecular orbitals (MOs) of initial molecules; (3) terms describing the ED redistributions due to an intermolecular contact arise as additive corrections to the purely monomolecular terms and thereby may be analyzed independently; (4) local ED redistributions only between orbitals of the reaction centers of both molecules are described by lower‐order terms of the power series, whereas those embracing both the reaction centers and their neighborhoods are represented by higher‐order terms. As opposed to the standard perturbative methods based on invoking the delocalized (canonical) MOs of isolated molecules, the results of the approach suggested are in‐line with the well‐known intuition‐based concepts of the classic chemistry concerning reactivity, namely, with the assumption about different roles of the reaction center and of its neighborhood in a chemical process, with the expectation about extinction of the indirect influence of a certain fragment (substituent) when its distance from the reaction center grows, etc. Such a parallelism yields quantum chemical analogs for the classic concepts and thereby gives an additional insight into their nature. The scope of validity of these concepts also is discussed. Applicability of the approach suggested to specific chemical problems is illustrated by a brief consideration of the SN2 and AdE2 reactions. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem 94: 302–316, 2003
An active search method for local individual features in off‐line signature verification
Authors: Ando Shingo , Nakajima Masato 
Published: September 2003

AbstractWe propose a new method of off‐line signature verification that extracts individual “peculiarities“ from parts of a signature and uses them for verification. In the registration process, reference signatures are compared with each other for correspondence estimation, and multiple areas exhibiting strong individual peculiarities are extracted. In the verification process, correspondence estimation is first performed, then verification is performed with the extracted local features. We used multiscale regularization for correspondence estimation, and a genetic algorithm for extracting areas that exhibited strong individual peculiarities. As measures of the degree of individual peculiarities we used the magnitude of the deviation as determined from repeated signatures and the degree of complexity of the pen stroke. A verification experiment involving 20 subjects and their Japanese signatures (a total of 800 signatures) produced a best‐case average verification error rate of 2.63%. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 34(12): 64–76, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.10092
Obstetric implications of low‐lying placentas diagnosed in the second trimester
Authors: Ogueh O. , Morin L. , Usher R.H. , Benjamin A. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractObjectives: To determine the obstetrical outcome of pregnancies initially complicated by a low‐lying placenta in the second trimester. Methods: We reviewed the obstetric outcome of all women with singleton deliveries from 1 January 1997 to 31 March 1999 and compared the 703 women with low‐lying placentas (placentas in the lower uterine segment) with the 6938 women with placentas that were normally situated in the upper uterine segment at 16–22 weeks’ gestation. Results: Pregnancies complicated by a low‐lying placenta in the second trimester were not associated with antepartum hemorrhage, preterm births, preterm prelabor rupture of membranes, pregnancy‐induced hypertension, fetal growth restriction or cesarean births. However, they had a higher incidence of postpartum hemorrhage (odds ratio 1.768, 95% confidence interval 1.137, 2.748) than women with a normally situated placenta in the second trimester. Conclusions: Pregnant women with low‐lying placentas in the second trimester have a higher incidence of postpartum hemorrhage and hence, it would be prudent to carefully manage the third stage of labor in these women.
Vibration‐Induced Nystagmus in Patients with Vestibular Disorders
Authors: Ohki Masafumi , Murofushi Toshihisa , Nakahara Haruka , Sugasawa Keiko 
Published: September 2003

OBJECTIVEOur goal was to clarify the clinical significance of vibration‐induced nystagmus (VIN). METHODS: One hundred patients with unilateral vestibulocochlear disorders were enrolled into this study. However, patients with spontaneous nystagmus were excluded. Vibratory stimuli (approximately 100 Hz) were presented to the mastoids and the forehead. Patients also underwent caloric testing and vestibular evoked myogenic potential testing.RESULTSOf the 100 patients, 60 (60%) showed VIN. The nystagmus was mainly horizontal. VIN was more frequently evoked on the mastoids than the forehead. In the majority of patients, the direction of VIN was toward the healthy side, whereas some patients, especially patients with Meniere's disease, showed nystagmus toward the affected side. VIN was frequently evoked in patients with severe unilateral vestibular damages (canal paresis >50%) (39 of 43, or 90%).CONCLUSIONVIN testing is a simple and sensitive clinical test that indicates unilateral vestibular dysfunction.
The Effects of Montelukast on Intradermal Wheal and Flare
Authors: Hill Samuel L. , Krouse John H. 
Published: September 2003

OBJECTIVEWe sought to determine the effect of montelukast, a leukotriene receptor antagonist, on intradermal skin testing.STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGWe conducted a prospective, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study in a university setting.METHODSAfter a 1 ‐week washout of allergy pharmacotherapy, intradermal skin testing was performed on 23 atopic subjects. Whealing size was measured 20 minutes after injection. Subjects then began a 1 ‐week regimen of daily loratadine, montelukast, or placebo. At 1 week, subjects again underwent intradermal skin testing. The change in wheal size was then calculated from baseline.RESULTSA significant difference (P < 0.05) between the montelukast and loratadine groups in suppression of intradermal whealing at 1 week was observed. No significant difference was noted between the montelukast and placebo subjects.CONCLUSIONSMontelukast demonstrated no significant suppression of skin whealing after antigen challenge over placebo.SIGNIFICANCEMontelukast does not need to be discontinued before intradermal allergy testing.
Long term in vitro‐cultured plant cells show typical neoplastic features at the cytological level
Authors: Häsler Julien , Wüest Jean , Gaspar Thomas , Crèvecoeur Michèle 
Published: August 2003

AbstractCells from a green normal (dependent on exogenous hormones) callus and from an achlorophyllous fully habituated (independent from exogenous hormones) callus, both generated from the same sugarbeet strain more than twenty years ago, were reexamined cytologically, ten years after the first comparative description. Cells from the habituated callus, already considered as neoplastic cells, because terminating a neoplastic progression where the organogenic totipotency was lost, still showed nuclear invaginations, polynucleolation, vacuolation of nucleoli and incomplete cell walls, nevertheless at a higher degree. The present study particularly shows that, compared to their previous description, normal cells have started to acquire some features (polynucleolation, nuclear invaginations…) that are typical of the neoplastic cells. This suggests that normal cells, on the long term, also entered a neoplastic progression, which should explain the known progressive loss of regeneration capacity of too long subcultured hormone‐dependent calli.
Morphine alleviates early stages of apoptosis in cultured CEM x174 cells infected with simian immunodeficiency virus
Authors: Hao Y.S. , Li P.F. , Zhang F.X. , Huang D.A. , Liu X.H. , Li G. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractThe reduction in apoptosis caused by short‐term exposure of CEM x174 cells infected with SIVmac239 to morphine was investigated. Eeffects of morphine on the viability of normal and infected CEM x174 cells were determined by MTS assay. Apoptosis induced by SIVmac239 and the effects of morphine were analyzed by flow cytometry. cAMP levels, PKA activity, and the resulting histone H3 phosphorylation levels were measured. The results show a pronounced decrease in numbers of infected SIVmac239 cells compared to controls. Morphine elevated cell viability in the infected groups. Annexin V binding assays showed that 1 μmol l−1morphine increased the percentage of viable cells and decreased apoptotic cells. Morphine also downregulated cAMP and PKA activity in both groups, but more markedly in the infected group. Histone H3 phosphorylation was elevated after virus infection and decreased in the presence of morphine. The results indicate that the cAMP‐PKA signal transduction cascade is involved in morphine regulation of early SIVmac239‐induced apoptosis.
Effect of muscle relaxants on experimental jaw‐muscle pain and jaw‐stretch reflexes: a double‐blind and placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Svensson Peter , Wang Kelun , Arendt‐Nielsen Lars 
Published: September 2003

AbstractA randomised, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled three‐way cross‐over study was performed to investigate the effect of two muscle relaxants (tolperisone hydrochloride and pridinol mesilate) on experimental jaw‐muscle pain and jaw‐stretch reflexes. Fifteen healthy men participated in three randomised sessions separated by at least 1 week. In each session 300 mg tolperisone, 8 mg pridinol mesilate or placebo was administered orally as a single dose. One hour after drug administration 0.3 ml hypertonic saline (5.8%) was injected into the right masseter to produce muscle pain. Subjects continuously rated their perceived pain intensity on an electronic 10‐cm visual analogue scale (VAS). The pressure pain threshold (PPT) was measured and short‐latency reflex responses were evoked in the pre‐contracted (15% maximal voluntary contraction) masseter and temporalis muscles by a standardised stretch device (1 mm displacement, 10 ms ramp time) before (baseline), 1 h after medication (post‐drug), during ongoing experimental muscle pain (pain‐post‐drug), and 15 min after pain had vanished (post‐pain). Analysis of variance demonstrated significantly lower VAS peak pain scores (5.9±0.4 cm) after administration of tolperisone hydrochloride compared with pridinol mesilate (6.8±0.4 cm) and placebo (6.6±0.4 cm) (P=0.020). Administration of pridinol mesilate was associated with a significant decrease in PPTs compared with tolperisone hydrochloride and placebo (P=0.002) after medication, but not after experimental jaw‐muscle pain. The normalised peak‐to‐peak amplitude of the stretch reflexes were not significantly influenced by the test medication (P=0.762), but were in all sessions significantly facilitated during ongoing experimental jaw‐muscle pain (P=0.034). In conclusion, tolperisone hydrochloride provides a small, albeit significant reduction in the perceived intensity of experimental jaw‐muscle pain whereas the present dose had no effect on the short‐latency jaw‐stretch reflex.
Intra‐oesophageal distribution and perception of acid reflux in patients with non‐erosive gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease
Authors: Cicala M. , Emerenziani S. , Caviglia R. , Guarino M. P. L. , Vavassori P. , Ribolsi M. , Carotti S. , Petitti T. , Pallone F. 
Published: September 2003

SummaryBackground: The majority of patients with gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease do not present with erosive oesophagitis and make up a heterogeneous group. Patients with non‐erosive gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease are less responsive than patients with oesophagitis to acid‐suppressive therapy.Aim: To assess the role of acid reflux in gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease symptoms.Methods: The spatio‐temporal characteristics of reflux events were analysed and related to reflux perception in 45 patients with non‐erosive gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease and 20 patients with erosive oesophagitis.Results: Compared with healthy controls, all patients showed a higher intra‐oesophageal proximal spread of acid, which was prominent in patients with non‐erosive gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease (> 50% of events lasting for 1–2 min). Irrespective of mucosal injury, the risk of reflux perception was very high when acid reached proximal sensors (odds ratio, 7.6; 95% confidence interval, 4.6–12.5), being maximal in patients with non‐erosive gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease with normal acid exposure time (odds ratio, 11; 95% confidence interval, 5.2–22.3).Conclusions: Patients with non‐erosive gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease are characterized by a significantly higher proportion of proximal acid refluxes and a higher sensitivity to short‐lasting refluxes when compared with patients with oesophagitis. The highest proximal acid exposure and highest perception occurred in patients with non‐erosive gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease presenting with a normal pH‐metric profile. The assessment of acid distribution and its perception in the oesophageal body can better identify reflux patients who should benefit from acid‐suppressive treatment.
Acceptance of disability and sense of coherence in individuals with Ehlers–Danlos syndrome
Authors: Berglund Britta , Mattiasson Anne‐Cathrine , Nordström Gun 
Published: August 2003

Summary• Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (EDS) is a relatively rare, inherited connective tissue disorder and skin hyperextensibility, joint hypermobility, chronic joint and limb pain, blood vessel and tissue fragility are frequent symptoms.• The aims of this study were to describe the degree to which individuals with EDS accept and cope with perceived limitations related to the syndrome, and to determine the relationships between acceptance of disability (AD), sense of coherence (SOC), functional health status and background data.• Four questionnaires were mailed: the AD scale Modified (ADM), the SOC Scale, the Sickness Impact Profile (SIP) and a background form. The respondents with EDS were recruited through the EDS National Association in Sweden and the response rate was 74% (69 females and eight males).• The Ethical Committee at Huddinge University Hospital (ref. no. 152/95) approved the study.• This study has shown that the level of AD and SOC in individuals with EDS is similar to other patient groups, e.g. individuals with ostomy and with diabetes. Further, the SOC was in concordance with that of the general population. Those working full‐time accepted their disability to a greater degree than those on sick leave or disability pension. A multiple regression analysis showed that a greater AD was associated with a higher level of SOC and a better functional health status. The SOC and SIP together accounted for 50% of the variance in the ADM.• For health promotion in nursing practice it is important to have insight into the problem areas which may influence the overall life situation for an individual with EDS. A key issue for nurses is to identify individuals with low acceptance of their disease and/or low SOC in order to support these persons' adaptation process. Future research on EDS may be directed towards projects focusing on the development and implementation of models to strengthen the level of AD and SOC in this group.