bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolgate Fixation of Doubled Flexor Graft in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Biomechanical Evaluation with Cyclic Loading
Authors: Ferretti Andrea , Conteduca Fabio , Labianca Luca , Monaco Edoardo , De Carli Angelo 
Published: March 2005

Background The weakest points in hamstrings anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction are its points of fixation, especially on the tibial side. Methods for graft fixation to bone should be strong enough to avoid failure, stiff enough to restore load-displacement response, and secure enough to resist slippage under cyclic loading. Hypothesis Biomechanical properties of the interference screw can be improved by reinforcing the walls of the tunnel with a metal spiral (Evolgate fixation). Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods Three paired tests were performed using common digital extensor bovine tendons fixed to porcine tibias with interference screw, Intrafix, and Evolgate; critical graft fixation conditions were simulated by applying subsequent cycles to the graft before loading the graft until failure. Results The strength, stiffness, and resistance to slippage of the Evolgate were significantly higher than those of the interference screw; the ultimate failure load of the Evolgate was significantly higher than that of the Intrafix (1058 ± 130 N and 832 ± 156 N, respectively; P =. 02). No statistically significant differences were found between Evolgate and Intrafix regarding the stiffness and slippage under cyclic load. Conclusion Evolgate fixation seems to be stronger, stiffer, and more resistant to slippage than is interference screw fixation of similar length, and it is stronger but not stiffer than Intrafix. Clinical Relevance The Evolgate provides structural properties that seem to be appropriate for an intensive rehabilitation after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using a doubled semitendinosus and gracilis graft.
A Response to Jürgen Moltmann’s ‘Blessing of Hope’
Authors: Lee Ki 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThis article responds from a ‘Full Gospel’ perspective to Moltmann's critical-constructive dialogue with the ‘Full Gospel Theology’ of Dr Yonggi Cho. Moltmann's emphasis on the resurrection of Christ as the inexhaustible source of the Gospel, his eschatological orientation, as well as the wide horizon of his theological reflection—including individual and communal dimensions of humanity, nature and universe, and all dimensions of time—are affirmed, while some distinct differences are uplifted concerning pneumatology and the understanding of time and hope. An especially strong objection is raised to the element of universalism in Moltmann’s perspective.
‘Left Behind’—Fact or Fiction: Ecumenical Dilemmas of the Fundamentalist Millenarian Tensions within Pentecostalism
Authors: Althouse Peter 
Published: March 2005

AbstractIs the fundamentalist dispensationalism as represented in the Left Behind novels with its anti-Catholic rhetoric compatible with Pentecostalism? If so, what does this mean for the ongoing Pentecostal-Roman Catholic ecumenical dialogue? In order to probe these questions, this essay will first offer a critique of the Left Behind novels, suggesting that their appeal lies in hegemonic protest, but that their dispensational eschatology is based in a problematic literalistic hermeneutic. Secondly, an investigation of early Pentecostalism will suggest that its eschatology was not as fundamentalist as is assumed, but more in keeping with a covenantal eschatology, articulated as the ‘latter rain’ outpouring of the Spirit. Finally, I will propose a revision of Pentecostal eschatology that is conceived in terms of proleptic anticipation of the kingdom, already here but awaiting its final revelation. Proleptic anticipation is faithful to the Pentecostal tradition and better able to open up avenues for ecumenical discussion.
A Response to Clark Pinnock’s ‘Recovery of the Holy Spirit in Evangelical Theology’
Authors: Turner William 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThis is a response to the paper by Clark Pinnock (JPT 13.1), in which he makes a case for the importance of pneumatology in evangelical theology. The response applauds Pinnock’s effort. It goes on to lift up areas where further development in pneumatology is needed—particularly in relation to liberation theologies and in dialogue with African-American church theologians and Pentecostal theologians.
Performance of an Active Composite Strut for an Intelligent Composite Modified Stewart Platform for Thrust Vector Control
Authors: Doherty Kathleen M. , Ghasemi-Nejhad Mehrdad N. 
Published: March 2005

Adaptive or intelligent structures which have the capability for sensing and responding to their environment promise a novel approach to satisfying the stringent performance requirements of future space missions. This research effort focuses on the development and performance evaluation of an active composite strut (ACS) with precision positioning and active vibration suppression capabilities for use in space structures. Such ACS has potentials to be used as active strut members in Stewart platforms, modified Stewart platforms (MSPs), space truss structures, etc. The developed ACS utilizes piezoelectric actuators/sensors providing precision positioning and vibration suppression capabilities that would enhance mission performance of space structures by fine position-tuning, and potentially eliminating the nonoperational period of a satellite while minimizing the fuel consumption utilized for its position correction in a thrust vector control (TVC) application. Precision positioning of the ACS is achieved by extending or contracting its internal piezoelectric actuator. To magnify the positioning capabilities of a stack piezoelectric actuator, a miniature inchworm mechanism is designed and incorporated within the ACS. A precision positioning experimental setup is developed and employed to demonstrate the precision positioning capabilities of the developed ACS. The axial vibration suppression capability of the ACS can also be provided by its internal piezoelectric stack actuator, and is demonstrated employing a developed vibration suppression experimental setup. Analytical and finite element analysis numerical verification, simulation, and modeling of the vibration suppression capabilities of the ACS are presented. Active vibration suppression schemes, using finite element analyses, are employed to numerically demonstrate the vibration suppression capabilities of the developed ACS. The ACS housing is a composite tubing. The numerical and experimental results show that the proposed ACS offers a promising method for achieving fine tuning of positioning tolerances as well as minimizing the effects of disturbances generated during a thruster firing of a satellite for the TVC application using a MSP.
"Harshlighting" small blemishes on microarrays
Authors: Suárez-Fariñas Mayte , Haider Asifa , Wittkowski Knut M 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
Background
Microscopists are familiar with many blemishes that fluorescence images can have due to dust and debris, glass flaws, uneven distribution of fluids or surface coatings, etc. Microarray scans show similar artefacts, which affect the analysis, particularly when one tries to detect subtle changes. However, most blemishes are hard to find by the unaided eye, particularly in high-density oligonucleotide arrays (HDONAs).

Results
We present a method that harnesses the statistical power provided by having several HDONAs available, which are obtained under similar conditions except for the experimental factor. This method "harshlights" blemishes and renders them evident. We find empirically that about 25% of our chips are blemished, and we analyze the impact of masking them on screening for differentially expressed genes.

Conclusion
Experiments attempting to assess subtle expression changes should be carefully screened for blemishes on the chips. The proposed method provides investigators with a novel robust approach to improve the sensitivity of microarray analyses. By utilizing topological information to identify and mask blemishes prior to model based analyses, the method prevents artefacts from confounding the process of background correction, normalization, and summarization.
Enucleation and development of cluster headache: a retrospective study
Authors: Sörös Peter , Vo Oanh , Gerding Heinrich , Husstedt Ingo W , Evers Stefan 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
Background
Cluster headache (CH) is a neurovascular, primary headache disorder. There are, however, several case reports about patients whose CH started shortly after a structural brain disease or trauma. Motivated by a patient who developed CH 3 weeks after the removal of an eye and by similar case reports, we tested the hypothesis that the removal of an eye is a risk factor for CH.

Methods
A detailed headache questionnaire was filled out by 112 patients on average 8 years after enucleation or evisceration of an eye.

Results
While 21 % of these patients experienced previously unknown headaches after the removal of an eye, no patient fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for CH.

Conclusion
Our data does not suggest that the removal of an eye is a major risk factor for the development of CH.
Mutations of PIK3CAin gastric adenocarcinoma
Authors: Li Vivian Sze Wing , Wong Chi Wai , Chan Tsun Leung , Chan Agnes Sze Wah , Zhao Wei , Chu Kent-Man , So Samuel , Chen Xin , Yuen Siu Tsan , Leung Suet Yi 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
Background
Activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) through mutational inactivation of PTEN tumour suppressor gene is common in diverse cancer types, but rarely reported in gastric cancer. Recently, mutations in PIK3CA, which encodes the p110α catalytic subunit of PI3K, have been identified in various human cancers, including 3 of 12 gastric cancers. Eighty percent of these reported mutations clustered within 2 regions involving the helical and kinase domains. In vitro study on one of the "hot-spot" mutants has demonstrated it as an activating mutation.

Methods
Based on these data, we initiated PIK3CA mutation screening in 94 human gastric cancers by direct sequencing of the gene regions in which 80% of all the known PIK3CA mutations were found. We also examined PIK3CA expression level by extracting data from the previous large-scale gene expression profiling study. Using Significance Analysis of Microarrays (SAM), we further searched for genes that show correlating expression with PIK3CA.

Results
We have identified PIK3CA mutations in 4 cases (4.3%), all involving the previously reported hotspots. Among these 4 cases, 3 tumours demonstrated microsatellite instability and 2 tumours harboured concurrent KRAS mutation. Data extracted from microarray studies showed an increased expression of PIK3CA in gastric cancers when compared with the non-neoplastic gastric mucosae (p < 0.001). SAM further identified 2910 genes whose expression levels were positively associated with that of PIK3CA.

Conclusion
Our data suggested that activation of the PI3K signalling pathway in gastric cancer may be achieved through up-regulation or mutation of PIK3CA, in which the latter may be a consequence of mismatch repair deficiency.
Origin-independent plasmid replication occurs in vaccinia virus cytoplasmic factories and requires all five known poxvirus replication factors
Authors: De Silva Frank S , Moss Bernard 
Published: March 2005

Abstract

Background
Replication of the vaccinia virus genome occurs in cytoplasmic factory areas and is dependent on the virus-encoded DNA polymerase and at least four additional viral proteins. DNA synthesis appears to start near the ends of the genome, but specific origin sequences have not been defined. Surprisingly, transfected circular DNA lacking specific viral sequences is also replicated in poxvirus-infected cells. Origin-independent plasmid replication depends on the viral DNA polymerase, but neither the number of additional viral proteins nor the site of replication has been determined.

Results
Using a novel real-time polymerase chain reaction assay, we detected a >400-fold increase in newly replicated plasmid in cells infected with vaccinia virus. Studies with conditional lethal mutants of vaccinia virus indicated that each of the five proteins known to be required for viral genome replication was also required for plasmid replication. The intracellular site of replication was determined using a plasmid containing 256 repeats of the Escherichia coli lac operator and staining with an E. coli lac repressor-maltose binding fusion protein followed by an antibody to the maltose binding protein. The lac operator plasmid was localized in cytoplasmic viral factories delineated by DNA staining and binding of antibody to the viral uracil DNA glycosylase, an essential replication protein. In addition, replication of the lac operator plasmid was visualized continuously in living cells infected with a recombinant vaccinia virus that expresses the lac repressor fused to enhanced green fluorescent protein. Discrete cytoplasmic fluorescence was detected in cytoplasmic juxtanuclear sites at 6 h after infection and the area and intensity of fluorescence increased over the next several hours.

Conclusion
Replication of a circular plasmid lacking specific poxvirus DNA sequences mimics viral genome replication by occurring in cytoplasmic viral factories and requiring all five known viral replication proteins. Therefore, small plasmids may be used as surrogates for the large poxvirus genome to study trans-acting factors and mechanism of viral DNA replication.
Antidepressant Use during Pregnancy and the Rates of Spontaneous Abortions: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Hemels Michiel EH , Einarson Adrienne , Koren Gideon , Lanctôt Krista L , Einarson Thomas R 
Published: March 2005

BACKGROUND: Due to the high prevalence of depression in women of childbearing age and coupled with the fact that approximately 50% of the pregnancies are unplanned, there is a high chance that these women have been exposed to antidepressants in early pregnancy. OBJECTIVE: To determine baseline rates of spontaneous abortions (SAs) and whether antidepressants increase those rates. METHODS: Rates of SAs in women taking antidepressants compared with non-depressed women were combined into a relative risk using a random effects model. MEDLINE, EMBASE, Healthstar, Toxline, Psychlit, Cochrane database, and Reprotox were searched for studies published in any language from 1966 to 2003. Key words used to identify articles included pregnancy outcome, abortion, miscarriage, spontaneous, antidepressant, depression, and the generic names of each antidepressant and class. Bibliographies, review articles, and reference lists from studies were also used to identify potential articles expected to provide evidence of safety of antidepressants in pregnancy. RESULTS: Of 15 potential articles, 6 cohort studies of 3567 women (1534 exposed, 2033 nonexposed) provided extractable data. All matched on important confounders. Tests found no heterogeneity (χ 2 3.13; p = 0.98), and all quality scores were adequate (>50%). The baseline SA rate (95% CI) was 8.7% (7.5% to 9.9%; n = 2033). For antidepressants, the rate was 12.4% (10.8% to 14.1%; n = 1534), significantly increased by 3.9% (1.9% to 6.0%); RR was 1.45 (1.19 to 1.77; n = 3567). No differences were found among antidepressant classes. CONCLUSIONS: Maternal exposure to antidepressants may be associated with increased risk for SA; however, depression itself cannot be ruled out.
Protein–Ligand Interactions: Knowledge‐Based Methods
Authors: Nissink J. Willem M. , Taylor Robin 
Published: March 2005

AbstractCrystallographic data provide a rich source of information on nonbonded interactions for use in drug design. Small‐molecule crystal data are available in abundance in the Cambridge Structural Database and can be exploited to assess preferences in intermolecular interactions. Likewise, the Protein Data Bank offers similar information at the macromolecular level, though usually at a lower crystallographic resolution. Such information can be used to understand preferred intermolecular interactions of common functional groups and can be applied to predict prevalent intermolecular interactions in protein‐binding sites. We discuss methodological and data‐related problems that arise in applying this knowledge toin vivosituations and describe a knowledge‐based algorithm that predicts favorable group interactions within protein‐binding sites. Detailed validation results are summarized and an example of the application of the method to neuraminidase is given.
“Designer Acids”: Combined Acid Catalysis for Asymmetric Synthesis
Authors: Yamamoto Hisashi , Futatsugi Kentaro 
Published: March 2005

AbstractLewis and Brønsted acids can be utilized as more‐effective tools for chemical reactions by sophisticated engineering (“designer acids”). The ultimate goal of such “designer acids” is to form a combination of acids with higher reactivity, selectivity, and versatility than the individual acid catalysts. One possible way to take advantage of such abilities may be to apply a “combined acids system” to the catalyst design. The concept of combined acids, which can be classified into Brønsted acid assisted Lewis acid (BLA), Lewis acid assisted Lewis acid (LLA), Lewis acid assisted Brønsted acid (LBA), and Brønsted acid assisted Brønsted acid (BBA), can be a particularly useful tool for the design of asymmetric catalysis, because combining such acids will bring out their inherent reactivity by associative interaction, and also provide more‐organized structures that allow an effective asymmetric environment.
A linguistic analysis of question taxonomies
Authors: Pomerantz Jeffrey 
Published: March 2005

AbstractRecent work in automatic question answering has called for question taxonomies as a critical component of the process of machine understanding of questions. There is a long tradition of classifying questions in library reference services, and digital reference services have a strong need for automation to support scalability. Digital reference and question answering systems have the potential to arrive at a highly fruitful symbiosis. To move towards this goal, an extensive review was conducted of bodies of literature from several fields that deal with questions, to identify question taxonomies that exist in these bodies of literature. In the course of this review, five question taxonomies were identified, at four levels of linguistic analysis.
A comparative study of multi‐class support vector machines in the unifying framework of large margin classifiers
Authors: Guermeur Yann , Elisseeff André , Zelus Dominique 
Published: March 2005

AbstractVapnik's statistical learning theory has mainly been developed for two types of problems: pattern recognition (computation of dichotomies) and regression (estimation of real‐valued functions). Only in recent years has multi‐class discriminant analysis been studied independently. Extending several standard results, among which a famous theorem by Bartlett, we have derived distribution‐free uniform strong laws of large numbers devoted to multi‐class large margin discriminant models. The capacity measure appearing in the confidence interval, a covering number, has been bounded from above in terms of a new generalized VC dimension. In this paper, the aforementioned theorems are applied to the architecture shared by all the multi‐class SVMs proposed so far, which provides us with a simple theoretical framework to study them, compare their performance and design new machines. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A tutorial on ν‐support vector machines
Authors: Chen Pai‐Hsuen , Lin Chih‐Jen , Schölkopf Bernhard 
Published: March 2005

AbstractWe briefly describe the main ideas of statistical learning theory, support vector machines (SVMs), and kernel feature spaces. We place particular emphasis on a description of the so‐called ν‐SVM, including details of the algorithm and its implementation, theoretical results, and practical applications. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Use of cutting balloon for palliative treatment in tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: Carlson Karina M. , Neish Steven R. , Justino Henri , Leonard Glenn T. , Mullins Charles E. , Grifka Ronald G. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractIn tetralogy of Fallot, severe cyanosis due to insufficient pulmonary blood flow necessitates early intervention. The Cutting Balloon, developed for percutaneous coronary angioplasty, was used successfully for transcatheter incision and dilation of infundibular and valvar pulmonary stenosis in four patients with tetralogy of Fallot. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2005;64:507–512. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Multiple sensitive periods in human visual development: Evidence from visually deprived children
Authors: Lewis Terri L. , Maurer Daphne 
Published: March 2005

AbstractPsychophysical studies of children deprived of early visual experience by dense cataracts indicate that there are multiple sensitive periods during which experience can influence visual development. We note three sensitive periods within acuity, each with different developmental time courses: the period of visually‐driven normal development, the sensitive period for damage, and the sensitive period for recovery. Moreover, there are different sensitive periods for different aspects of vision. Relative to the period of visually driven normal development, the sensitive period for damage is surprisingly long for acuity, peripheral vision, and asymmetry of optokinetic nystagmus, but surprisingly short for global motion. A comparison of results from unilaterally versus bilaterally deprived children provides insights into the complex nature of interactions between the eyes during normal visual development. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 46: 163–183, 2005.
Critical period: A history of the transition from questions of when, to what, to how
Authors: Michel George F. , Tyler Amber N. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractAlthough age appears to be the defining characteristic of the concept of critical period, central to its investigation is the recognition that there are specific events which must occur in a particular order for the typical development of certain characteristics to occur. A brief history of some research on critical periods reveals that our questions have shifted from those of: is there a critical period and, if so, when does it occur; to questions of what contributes to the criticality of the period; and finally to how is criticality controlled during development. Abandoning age as a defining component of development has permitted the discovery of exactly how previous and current events construct subsequent events in the process of development. The shifts in questions about critical periods mark an increasing sophistication in understanding how development can be controlled. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 46: 156–162, 2005.
Investigations into the Reactivity of Organoelement Gallium and Indium Subhalides – Syntheses of Digallium and Diindium Acetylacetonates
Authors: Uhl Werner , El‐Hamdan Abdelhakim , Lawerenz Andreas 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe organoelement subhalides R2Ga2I2 (1) and [R2In2Cl2]2 (2) [R = C(SiMe3)3] react with silver acetylacetonate Ag(acac) (acac = [OC(CH3)]2CH) and lithium acetylacetonate Li(acac), respectively, to yield the di(acetylacetonato)dielement compounds R2E2(acac)2 (3: E = Ga; 4: E = In). Both products possess E–E single bonds with relatively long E–E distances of 251.1 (Ga–Ga) and 278.0 pm (In–In). The gallium or indium atoms are terminally coordinated by an alkyl and a bidentate acetylacetonato group. Similar reactions of the subhalides 1 and [R2In2Br2]2 with lithium diphenyltriazenide LiN3(C6H5)2 did not result in the formation of dielement compounds analogous with 3 and 4 but in the cleavage of the E–E bonds with formation of element(III) compounds of the type R–E(X)[N3(C6H5)2] (E = Ga, In; X = Br, I). (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)