bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exposure to Secondhand Cannabis Smoke Among Children
Authors: Tripathi Osika , Parada Humberto , Sosnoff Connie , Matt Georg E. , Quintana Penelope J. E. , Shi Yuyan , Liles Sandy , Wang Lanqing , Caron Kevin T. , Oneill James , Nguyen Ben , Blount Benjamin C. , Bellettiere John 
Published: January 2025

ImportanceThe degree that in-home cannabis smoking can be detected in the urine of resident children is unclear.ObjectiveTest association of in-home cannabis smoking with urinary cannabinoids in children living at home.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study used baseline data from Project Fresh Air, a 2012-2016 randomized clinical trial to reduce fine particulate matter levels. Eligible participants were recruited from households in San Diego County, California, with children under age 14 years and an adult tobacco smoker in residence. Children’s urine samples were analyzed in 2022.ExposuresIn-home cannabis smoking, measured by: parent or guardian report of in-home cannabis smoking; number of daily nonspecific smoking events computed via an air particle count algorithm; and number of daily cannabis smoking events ascertained by residualization, adjusting for air nicotine, tobacco smoking, and other air particle generating or ventilating activities.Main Outcomes and MeasuresLevels of the cannabis biomarker Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and its major metabolites, 11-hydroxy-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and 11-nor-9-carboxy-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol. Biomarker molar equivalents were summed to represent total THC equivalents (TTE) in urine. Logistic regression assessed whether in-home smoking was associated with cannabis biomarker detection. For children with detectable urinary cannabinoids, linear regression assessed in-home smoking association with quantity of urinary TTE.ResultsA total of 275 children were included in analysis (mean [SD] age, 3.6 [3.6] years; 144 male [52.4%]; 38 Black [13.8%], 132 Hispanic [48.0%], and 52 White [18.9%]). Twenty-nine households (10.6%) reported in-home cannabis smoking in the past 7 days; 75 children [27.3%] had detectable urinary cannabinoids. Odds of detectable TTE in children’s urine were significantly higher in households with reported in-home cannabis smoking than households without (odds ratio [OR], 5.0; 95% CI, 2.4-10.4) and with each additional ascertained daily cannabis smoking event (OR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.6-3.9). Although the point estimate for TTE levels was higher among children with detectable urinary cannabinoids and exposure to more daily cannabis smoking events (increase per event, 35.68%; 95% CI, −7.12% to 98.21%), the difference was not statistically significant.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional study, in-home cannabis smoking was associated with significantly increased odds of child exposure to cannabis smoke, as assessed by urinary cannabinoid biomarkers. As young children spend most of their time at home, reducing in-home cannabis smoking could substantially reduce their exposure to the toxic and carcinogenic chemicals found in cannabis smoke.
All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality in Children With Congenital Zika Syndrome in Brazil
Authors: Cardim Luciana Lobato , Costa Maria da Conceição Nascimento , Rodrigues Laura Cunha , Carvalho-Sauer Rita , Brickley Elizabeth Bailey , Ximenes Ricardo Arraes de Alencar , Pescarini Julia Moreira , Andrade Roberto Fernandes Silva , Barreto Mauricio Lima , Teixeira Maria da Glória Lima Cruz , Paixao Enny Santos da 
Published: January 2025

ImportanceCongenital Zika syndrome (CZS) can lead to a range of developmental and neurological issues, which increases the risk of early death. However, the all-cause and cause-specific mortality in children with CZS in the first 5 years of life remain unknown.ObjectiveTo compare the hazard of all-cause and cause-specific mortality before age 5 years among children with and without CZS in Brazil.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study used nationwide linked routine data including all children born from January 2015 to December 2018 in Brazil. They were followed-up until age 5 years, death, or December 2020, whichever occurred first. All analysis were conducted in May 2024.ExposuresConfirmed or probable cases of CZS.Main Outcomes and MeasuresAll-cause and cause-specific deaths from respiratory, infectious and parasitic, and nervous system diseases were the outcomes. Hazard ratios (HRs), comparing children with and without CZS, for all and cause-specific mortality were estimated using Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for region and year of birth, maternal characteristics (age, education, race and/or ethnicity, and marital status), and sex of the newborn. The analysis was conducted in May 2024.ResultsIn total, there were 11 387 431 live births (5 832 594 male newborns [51.2%]). Of 3080 children notified as CZS cases, 444 (14.4%) died, including 154 (34.7%) from respiratory diseases, 152 (34.2%) from infectious and parasitic diseases, and 82 (18.5%) from nervous system diseases. Children with CZS were predominantly preterm (596 newborns [20.0%] vs 1 122 378 newborns [10.1%]) and had low birth weight (1095 newborns [35.7%] vs 805 373 newborns [7.1%]), compared with children without CZS. After controlling for confounders, children with CZS were 13.10 (95% CI, 11.86-14.46) times more likely to die in the first 5 years of life compared with those without the syndrome. The cause-specific mortality HRs were 30.28 (95% CI, 25.59-35.83) for respiratory diseases, 28.26 (95% CI, 23.85-33.48) for infectious and parasitic diseases, and 57.11 (95% CI, 45.23-72.11) for nervous system diseases. After excluding newborns who were preterm, low birth weight, and/or small for gestational age, the HRs for all-cause and cause-specific deaths were even higher.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study, children born with CZS had strikingly higher risk of overall and cause-specific mortality. These findings may support the development of clinical protocols to prevent early mortality and improve survival in these children.
Impact of Scleroderma‐Associated Autoantibodies on Clinical Outcome Assessments: Post Hoc Analysis From a Randomised, Double‐blind, Placebo‐controlled, Phase 3 Trial of Tocilizumab in Scleroderma
Authors: Al Dulaijan Basmah , Huang Suiyuan , Lin Celia J. F. , Denton Christopher P. , Khanna Dinesh 
Published: January 2025

ObjectiveScleroderma‐associated autoantibodies (SSc‐Abs) are specific in participants (pts) with systemic sclerosis and are associated with organ involvement. Our objective was to assess the influence of baseline SSc‐Abs on the trajectories of the clinical outcome assessments (COAs) in a phase III randomized controlled trial.MethodsWe used data on both the groups who received placebo (Pbo) and tocilizumab from the focuSSced trial. The SSc‐Ab panel was assessed centrally. We analyzed four groups with SSc‐Abs: anti–topoisomerase 1 antibody (ATA), anti–RNA polymerase 3 antibody (RNAP3), anti‐centromere antibody, and negative for all three (triple negative). We assessed the impact of baseline SSc‐Abs on six COAs: modified Rodnan skin score (mRSS), forced vital capacity (FVC%), Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index, patient and clinical global assessments, and American College of Rheumatology (ACR) Composite Response Index in Systemic Sclerosis (CRISS).ResultsWe observed that all COAs, except for FVC%, improved for the group who received Pbo during the 48‐week period. For mRSS, pts with RNAP3 showed the largest Pbo effect (7.20 per year, n = 14) and smallest for ATA (3.28 per year, n = 49). This trend was also seen for the ACR CRISS (0.00–1.00 scale), with median improvement at week 48 of 0.94 for RNAP3 versus 0.01 for ATA. ATA enriched for FVC% decline of 7.34% per year versus 2.54% per year for RNAP3. In the group who received tocilizumab, similar changes were seen in the mRSS and ACR CRISS with preservation of lung function, irrespective of SSc‐Ab type.ConclusionOur result shows a differential effect of SSc‐Abs on the trajectories of COAs over 48 weeks in group who received Pbo. These findings highlight the importance of incorporating SSc‐Abs in trial design, either as a stratification factor or limiting the SSc‐Abs that are included in the trials.image
Citrullinated Autoantigen–Specific T and B Lymphocytes in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Focus on Follicular T Helper Cells and Expansion by Coculture
Authors: Ammon Tim , Zeiträg Julia , Mayr Vanessa , Benedicic Manuela , Holthoff Hans‐Peter , Ungerer Martin 
Published: January 2025

ObjectiveRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by circulating anti–cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) autoantibodies (ACPAs), resulting in inflammation of the joints and other organs. We have established novel assays to assess immune cell subpopulations, including citrullinated antigen–specific (CAS) autoreactive B and T lymphocytes, in patients with RA.Methods and ResultsWe found that activated CD25+ T cells were markedly increased in patients with RA compared to healthy controls. Novel combinations of major histocompatibility complex class II citrulline epitope tetramers were developed, which enabled robust detection of CAS T cells and showed increases of CAS‐naive T helper cells, Th1.17 cells, CAS total circulating T follicular helper (cTfh) cells, and cTfh1 cells in ACPA+ patients with RA. In addition, an innovative assay using dual labeling with CCP–biotin probes allowed for reproducible identification of primary CAS B cells after enrichment with advantages over existing detection methods. Furthermore, patient‐derived immune cells were successfully expanded. Primary RA B cells were successfully cultured on novel feeder cell lines, whereas T cells were expanded ex vivo in the presence of interleukin‐2 and citrullinated peptides, and subsequent alterations in cell frequencies were assessed.ConclusionNovel assays were established to reliably detect CAS T and B cells in patients with RA, and specific CAS‐naive T helper cells, Th1.17 cells, cTfh cells, and cTfh1 cells were observed more frequently in RA. Based on these results, new coculture systems of disease‐relevant cells are developed to simulate human secondary lymphoid tissues ex vivo. This technology will serve as a platform to identify therapies that modulate disease‐specific immune cells.
Network‐Remodeling, Electroactive and Antibacterial Cryogel with Tissue Sealing and Pro‐Coagulant Activity for Hemostasis and Skin Wound Healing
Authors: Luo Jinlong , Wu Zhengying , Zhao Xin , Qiao Lipeng , Huang Ying , Chen Jueying , Shan Yingli , Deng Zexing , Liang Zhen , Han Yong , Guo Baolin 
Published: January 2025

AbstractDeveloping network‐remodeling, electroactive and antibacterial cryogel with tissue sealing and pro‐coagulant activity for wound repair and hemostasis remains challenging. Here, quaternized chitosan‐graft‐polyaniline (QCSP), oxidized dextran (OD), and benzaldehyde‐terminated Pluronic F127 are used to prepare cryogel dressings (QP/OD/PF) with network remodeling, electroactivity, antibacterial, antioxidation, tissue sealing and blood concentration effect via in situ dual Schiff base crosslinking. The cryogel exhibits conductivity and network remodeling after water absorption and demonstrates degradation, rapid swelling, excellent antioxidation, adhesion, biocompatibility, photothermal and antibacterial property. Besides, the excellent hemostatic property of the cryogel is confirmed via mouse liver puncture bleeding model, rat liver cruciate incision bleeding model, and rat liver perforation model. The blood concentration effect, as well as the activation of platelets and blood cells by the cryogel, is confirmed. This functionality is successfully utilized to prepare biologically active blood clot/cryogel composite dressing (B‐QP/OD/PF) to further promote skin wound healing. All the results of wound closure ratio, histological examination, immunofluorescence staining, and collagen deposition confirm that B‐QP/OD/PF is superior to QP/OD/PF and other groups in promoting full‐thickness mouse skin defect wound healing. This composite cryogel dressing opens up a new direction of development hemostatic dressing for hemostasis and further promoting wound healing.
3D In Vitro Glioma‐Neuron‐Astrocyte Biomimetic Composites Recapitulate Key Molecular Mechanisms Linked to Glioblastoma Multiforme Pathophysiology
Authors: Mier Mateo S. Andrade , Türker Esra , Faber Jessica , Friedrich Mike , Lamberger Zan , Weigelt Jeannette , Suwannakot Panthipa , Gantert Benedikt , Singh Abhinav , Moessler Vanessa , Sodmann Annemarie , Murenu Nicoletta , Schenk Joachim , Schaefer Natascha , Blunk Torsten , Boccaccini Aldo R. , Lühmann Tessa C. , Tessmar Jörg , Crook Jeremy M. , Tomaskovic‐Crook Eva , Dalton Paul D. , Lang Gregor , Blum Robert , Strick Reiner , Budday Silvia , Heinze Katrin G. , Villmann Carmen 
Published: January 2025

AbstractGlioblastoma multiforme is the most devastating brain tumor without cure. Although in vitro and in vivo research on glioblastoma multiforme have demonstrated its complexity, including interactions with brain cells and the tumor microenvironment, 3D models resembling those key features and allowing to study therapeutic interventions of this aggressive tumor are scarce. Here, a 3D glioblastoma model is developed that establishes a tumor microenvironment including a hyaluronic acid‐based hydrogel cross‐linked with laminin, both of which are key components of the brain's extracellular matrix. This hydrogel mimics the mechanical properties of the brain's extracellular matrix at the macroscopic and mesoscopic levels, as evaluated by stiffness, viscosity using rheological and nanoindentation measurements. The ultra‐soft hydrogel with a storage modulus of 100 Pa is reinforced by 3D printed microfiber scaffolds which allow the setup of a multicellular 3D model including primary cortical neurons and astrocytes and glioblastoma cells. Tumor microenvironment interactions are characterized through nanoindentation and confocal shadow imaging with the 3D in vitro disease model resembling in vivo properties of glioblastoma tumor entities characterized by functional interactions with the surrounding astrocytes and neurons and the tumor's hijacking capability using neuronal signaling to promote its own proliferation.
Premixed Exciplex Co‐Host for Constructing High‐Performance Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Nie Yufang , Jiang Chao , Cao Chi , Liang Baoyan , Zhuang Xuming , Bi Hai , Wang Yue 
Published: January 2025

AbstractExciplex, characterized by intermolecular charge transfer and thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) properties, plays a significant role in organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs), particularly as co‐hosts. The rapid rate of reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) and balanced carrier mobility contribute to improved efficiency and suppressive efficiency roll‐off at high current density. Despite these advantages, the fabrication of devices using two‐component exciplexes is challenging, especially when the emitting layers require the simultaneous evaporation of three or four materials from separate crucibles. To address this issue, a pair of premixed exciplex co‐hosts is developed and utilized as the co‐host for Ir(ppy)3. The consistent performance of continuous parallelly fabricated devices with the same premixed co‐host sample indicates the long‐term stability of the premixed exciplex co‐host and the stable evaporation ratio of the electron donor and electron acceptor molecules. The devices achieve maximum luminance over 250 000 cd m−2, a maximum external quantum efficiency of 21.9%, a regardless efficiency roll‐off of 4.6% at 10 000 cd m−2, along with a prolonged operational LT95(lifetime to 95% of the initial luminance) of 165 h at the current density of 10 mA cm−2. Further enhancement in device performance is observed through co‐doping a multiple resonance TADF (MR‐TADF) material in the emitting layer, underscoring the significant potential for industrial application.
Programmable DNA‐Peptide Conjugated Hydrogel via Click Chemistry for Sequential Modulation of Peripheral Nerve Regeneration
Authors: Wei Zhenyuan , Li Xiaoxiao , Chen Yicheng , Han Zhaopu , Li Yan , Gan Lin , Yang Yang , Chen Yujie , Zhang Feng , Ye Xiaojian , Cui Wenguo 
Published: January 2025

AbstractDuring peripheral nerve regeneration, current deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)‐based therapeutic platforms face the challenge of precisely regulating Schwann cells (SCs) fate to sustain their repair phenotype due to their inability to stably and precisely integrate multiple bioactive components. Herein, the strain‐promoted azide–alkyne cycloaddition reaction is utilized to integrate the neurotrophic factor mimetic peptide RGI and the laminin‐derived peptide IKVAV into DNA monomers. Through DNA sequence self‐assembly, a programmable DNA‐peptide conjugated hydrogel is constructed for loading bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell‐derived exosomes. This programmable hydrogel can rapidly, stably, and precisely integrate various bioactive components into the hydrogel network, thereby enabling sequential modulation of peripheral nerve repair. In vitro, studies show that this hydrogel, through sequential modulation mechanisms, can activate the neuregulin‐1 (Nrg1)/ErbB pathway to induce the reprogramming of SCs and promote the recruitment and proliferation of repair SCs. The induced repair SCs promote neuronal axon outgrowth and enhance tube formation in endothelial cells. In vivo, this programmable hydrogel can gelate in situ through intraneural injection in a rat sciatic nerve crush injury model, promoting nerve regeneration and functional recovery. In summary, this work provides an effective and practical strategy for peripheral nerve regeneration.
Ultrahigh Specific Strength by Bayesian Optimization of Carbon Nanolattices
Authors: Serles Peter , Yeo Jinwook , Haché Michel , Demingos Pedro Guerra , Kong Jonathan , Kiefer Pascal , Dhulipala Somayajulu , Kumral Boran , Jia Katherine , Yang Shuo , Feng Tianjie , Jia Charles , Ajayan Pulickel M. , Portela Carlos M. , Wegener Martin , Howe Jane , Singh Chandra Veer , Zou Yu , Ryu Seunghwa , Filleter Tobin 
Published: January 2025

AbstractNanoarchitected materials are at the frontier of metamaterial design and have set the benchmark for mechanical performance in several contemporary applications. However, traditional nanoarchitected designs with conventional topologies exhibit poor stress distributions and induce premature nodal failure. Here, using multi‐objective Bayesian optimization and two‐photon polymerization, optimized carbon nanolattices with an exceptional specific strength of 2.03 MPa m3 kg−1 at low densities <215 kg m−3 are created. Generative design optimization provides experimental improvements in strength and Young's modulus by as much as 118% and 68%, respectively, at equivalent densities with entirely different lattice failure responses. Additionally, the reduction of nanolattice strut diameters to 300 nm produces a unique high‐strength carbon with a pyrolysis‐induced atomic gradient of 94% sp2 aromatic carbon and low oxygen impurities. Using multi‐focus multi‐photon polymerization, a millimeter‐scalable metamaterial consisting of 18.75 million lattice cells with nanometer dimensions is demonstrated. Combining Bayesian optimized designs and nanoarchitected pyrolyzed carbon, the optimal nanostructures exhibit the strength of carbon steel at the density of Styrofoam offering unparalleled capabilities in light‐weighting, fuel reduction, and contemporary design applications.
Imidazolium‐Dithiocarboxylate Zwitterions Catalysed Ring‐Opening Additions of Cyclopropenones
Authors: Wu Qi , Zhang Fang , Zhang Qichao , He Lin , Liu Jichang , Du Guangfen 
Published: January 2025

AbstractImidazolium‐dithiocarboxylate zwitterions (NHC ⋅ CS2), a novel organocatalyst that derived from N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC), was used to activate cyclopropenones. Under the catalysis of 10 mol% NHC ⋅ CS2, a range of phenols, alcohols, primary and secondary amines react with cyclopropenones to produce trisubstituted α, β‐unsaturated esters and amides in 46–95% yield. More than 68 products, including 7 natural product derivatives have been synthesized through this method. Mechanism study showed NHC ⋅ CS2 act as a Lewis base to activate the C=C double bond of cyclopropenones and trigger the ring‐opening reaction. HRMS analysis indicated the formation of the key adduct of NHC ⋅ CS2 and cyclopropenone. More importantly, this study demonstrated completely different catalytic activity of NHC ⋅ CS2 and NHC catalysts, the latter one cannot catalyse these reactions.
Bee Better: The Role of Honey in Modern Wound Care
Authors: Tricou Léo‐Paul , Guirguis Natalie , Djebbar Sarah , Freedman Benjamin R. , Matoori Simon 
Published: January 2025

AbstractHoney has been used as an empirical wound care agent for thousands of years and continues to be investigated and used in chronic wound care. In the past few years, several commercially available medical grade honey‐based products have been approved for chronic wound therapy. Clinical trials showed that the therapeutic benefit of honey depends on wound type and honey composition. Recent insights into the pharmacology of honey in wound therapy over the past two decades have led to increased interest in this natural remedy and highlighted various antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties that contribute to its pharmacologic action. However, the interaction between honey and the wound microenvironment on wound healing remains unclear. In this perspective, the current clinical evidence supporting the use of honey in wound care is presented and highlights its molecular mechanisms of action to eventually critically discuss the opportunities and challenges of using honey in wound care.
2‐oxo‐2H‐chromen‐7‐olate Catalyzed C−C and C−N Bond Formations in Visible Light
Authors: Dixit Vikas , Sharma Shruti , Jain Nidhi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract7‐hydroxycoumarin is a naturally occurring compound with useful biological and fluorescent properties. In this work, we demonstrate a base‐assisted photoactivation of 7‐hydroxycoumarin in blue LED and its potential in enabling C−C and C−N bond formations. 7‐hydroxycoumarin, on deprotonation with Cs2CO3 forms 2‐oxo‐2H‐chromen‐7‐olate which exhibits photoreductant properties and mediates arylation and hydroxyarylation using hypervalent iodonium ylides; alkylation using N‐hydroxyphthalimide esters; and amination with primary and secondary amines. The strategy does not require any additional metal or organic dye‐based photocatalyst and offers a good functional group tolerance giving the C−C and C−N coupled products in moderate to good yields.