bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A workload identification method of industrial robot combining dynamic model and convolutional neural network
Authors: Yue Xia , Wang Yadong , Zhang Chunliang , Long Shangbin , Li Zhibin , Wang Yuhua 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The motion joint system of industrial robot has obvious nonlinear characteristics, high dimensional running data and limited number of experimental samples. If mature neural network algorithm is used for identifying the workload of robots, it is easy to have over-learning problems, which seriously restricts the generalization ability of load identification method. In this paper, a load identification method combining the dynamic model of industrial robots with the neural network data model is proposed. A UR5 robot is used for carrying out multiple dynamic load testings to verify the effectiveness of the proposed identification method. Firstly, the workload identification by CNN algorithm is given, and the influence of parameters of prediction model and different neutral network are analyzed. Then the classical dynamic model of industrial robots with multi-degrees of freedom is established. The identified workload by dynamic model is also analyzed. At last, the deterministic information such as velocity and displacement is extracted from the calculation results of the dynamic model as the initial anchoring value. Then convolutional neural network is applied for compensating the residual highly nonlinear information. An improved mixing combination method is also proposed. This method can effectively deal with the interaction of different types of information in the data, and preliminarily cooperate the dynamic model and convolutional neural network. This provides a basic framework and method for solving the problem of parameter identification in multi-degree-of-freedom systems with small samples.
A multi-stage machine learning algorithm for estimating personal dose equivalent using thermoluminescent dosimeter
Authors: Pathan Munir S , Pradhan S M , Selvam T Palani , Sapra B K 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In the present age, marked by data-driven advancements in various fields, the importance of machine learning (ML) holds a prominent position. The ability of ML algorithms to resolve complex patterns and extract insights from large datasets has solidified its transformative potential in various scientific domains. This paper introduces an innovative application of ML techniques in the domain of radiation dosimetry. Specifically, it shows the applicability of ML in estimating the radiation dose received by occupational workers. This estimation is expressed in terms of personal dose equivalent, and it involves the utilization of thermoluminescence signals emitted by CaSO4:Dy-based personnel monitoring badges. To estimate personal dose equivalent, three-stage algorithm driven by ML models is proposed. This algorithm systematically identifies the photon energy ranges, calculates the average photon energy, and determines personal dose equivalent. By implementing this approach to the conventional three-element dosimeter, the study overcomes existing limitations and enhances accuracy in dose estimation. The algorithm demonstrates 97.8% classification accuracy in discerning photon energy ranges and achieves a coefficient of determination of 0.988 for estimating average photon energy. Importantly, it also reduces the coefficient of variation of relative deviations by up to 6% for estimated personal dose equivalent, compared to existing algorithms. The study improves accuracy and establishes a new methodology for evaluating radiation exposure to occupational workers using conventional thermoluminescent dosimeter badge.
Vanishing of Tors of absolute integral closures in equicharacteristic zero
Authors: Patankar Shravan 
Published: January 2024

We show that

R
R

is regular if

T
o

r

i

R

(

R

+

,
k
)
=
0

Tor_{i}^{R}(R^{+},k) = 0

for some

i
≥
1

i\geq 1

assuming further that

R
R

is a

N

\mathbb {N}

-graded ring of dimension

2
2

finitely generated over an algebraically closed equicharacteristic zero field

k
k

. This answers a question of Bhatt, Iyengar, and Ma [Comm. Algebra 47 (2019), pp. 2367–2383]. We use almost mathematics over

R

+

R^{+}

to deduce properties of the noetherian ring

R
R

and rational surface singularities. Moreover we observe that

R

+

R^{+}

in equicharacteristic zero has a rich module-theoretic structure; it is

m
m

-adically ideal(wise) separated, (weakly) intersection flat, and Ohm-Rush. As an application we show that the hypothesis can be astonishingly vacuous for

i
≪
d
i
m
(
R
)

i \ll dim(R)

. We show that a positive answer to an old question of Aberbach and Hochster [J. Pure Appl. Algebra 122 (1997), pp. 171–184] also answers this question and we use our techniques to study a question of André and Fiorot [Ann. Sc. Norm. Super. Pisa Cl. Sci. (5) 23 (2022), pp. 81–114] regarding ‘fpqc analogues’ of splinters.
DLTKcat: deep learning-based prediction of temperature-dependent enzyme turnover rates
Authors: Qiu Sizhe , Zhao Simiao , Yang Aidong 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The enzyme turnover rate, ${k}_{cat}$, quantifies enzyme kinetics by indicating the maximum efficiency of enzyme catalysis. Despite its importance, ${k}_{cat}$ values remain scarce in databases for most organisms, primarily because of the cost of experimental measurements. To predict ${k}_{cat}$ and account for its strong temperature dependence, DLTKcat was developed in this study and demonstrated superior performance (log10-scale root mean squared error = 0.88, R-squared = 0.66) than previously published models. Through two case studies, DLTKcat showed its ability to predict the effects of protein sequence mutations and temperature changes on ${k}_{cat}$ values. Although its quantitative accuracy is not high enough yet to model the responses of cellular metabolism to temperature changes, DLTKcat has the potential to eventually become a computational tool to describe the temperature dependence of biological systems.
Effects of tumour budding on adjuvant chemotherapy in colorectal cancer
Authors: Xie Hao , Zeng Ziwei , Hou Yujie , Ye Fujin , Cai Tanxing , Cai Yonghua , Xiong Li , Li Wenxin , Liu Zhanzhen , Liang Zhenxing , Luo Shuangling , Zheng Xiaobin , Huang Liang , Liu Huashan , Kang Liang 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
High tumour budding has been indicated as a risk factor of poor survival in colorectal cancer. This study aimed to investigate the impact of tumour budding grades and the use of adjuvant chemotherapy on prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer.

Methods
This study included consecutive colorectal cancer patients who underwent radical surgery for primary colorectal adenocarcinoma at The Sixth Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University between 2009 and 2019. Tumour budding was assessed based on the recommendations of the International Tumor Budding Consensus Conference using haematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained slides with tumour samples. The primary outcome of interest was to correlate tumour budding with disease-free survival and overall survival; the secondary outcome was investigation of the impact of adjuvant therapy on different tumour budding grades. In addition, a subgroup analysis was performed for the effects of lymphocytic infiltration on adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with Bd3.

Results
Of 709 eligible patients, 412 with colorectal cancer were included. According to the International Tumor Budding Consensus Conference, 210 (50.9 per cent), 127 (30.8 per cent) and 75 (18.2 per cent) were classified as low budding (Bd1), intermediate budding (Bd2) and high budding (Bd3) respectively. Patients with Bd1, Bd2 and Bd3 had 5-year disease-free survival rates of 82.9 per cent, 70.1 per cent and 49.3 per cent respectively, and 5-year overall survival rates of 90 per cent, 79.5 per cent and 62.7 per cent respectively (P &lt;0.001). Adjuvant chemotherapy yielded a significant survival benefit in patients with Bd3 (5-year disease-free survival, 65 per cent versus 31.4 per cent, P &lt;0.001; 5-year overall survival, 84.4 per cent versus 63.1 per cent, P &lt;0.001), but not in those with Bd1 or Bd2. In patients with Bd3, the benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy was maintained in those with low, but not high lymphocytic infiltration.

Conclusion
High grade of tumour budding was strongly correlated with poorer survival outcomes in colorectal cancer. Patients with Bd3 benefited from adjuvant chemotherapy, with the exclusion of patients with high lymphocytic infiltration.
Laser balloon ablation of atrial fibrillation in a patient with a large common inferior trunk: a case report
Authors: Takiguchi Tomohiro , Takemoto Masao , Koga Tokushi , Tsuchihashi Takuya 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
A balloon-based visually guided laser balloon (LB) ablation (LBA) is as effective and safe as radiofrequency ablation and cryoballoon ablation in curing patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). The third-generation LB is so compliant that it can be inflated to any pressure and size change of up to 41 mm with its maximal expansion, which enables maximum balloon/tissue contact regardless of the size or shape of each pulmonary vein (PV) ostium. A large common inferior trunk (CIT) with a structured, completely independent common ostium of both the right and the left inferior PVs completely conjoined prior to the junction with the left atrium is an extremely rare anatomical variant and an important triggering focus in paroxysmal AF.

Case summary
We present a case of an LBA of AF in a patient with a large CIT of 34 mm in diameter. The laser energy was individually deployed to the right-sided and left-sided antra of the large CIT with the LB positioned at the ostium of the CIT’s right and left branches. The complete electrical isolation of the three PVs was achieved. The patient remained stable without any symptoms or AF recurrence 1 year post ablation.

Discussion
The LBA, which is individually deployed to the right-sided and left-sided antra of the large CIT with the third-generation LB positioned at the ostium of the right and left branches of the CIT without laser energy deployment to the posterior wall of the CIT, may be one of the effective strategies for patients with large CITs.
Three Worlds: the West, East and South and the competition to shape global order
Authors: Ikenberry G John 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Among the many impacts of Russia's war on Ukraine, the most consequential may be in pushing the world in the direction of Three Worlds—the global West, the global East and the global South. One is led by the United States and Europe, the second by China and Russia, and the third by an amorphous grouping of non-western developing nations. These Three Worlds are not blocs or coherent negotiating groups, but loose, constructed and evolving global factions. This article makes four arguments. First, the Three Worlds system has the makings of a fairly durable pattern of global order, shaping struggles over rules and institutions. Second, the Three Worlds system will encourage a ‘creative’ politics of global order-building. The global West and global East will have incentives to compete for the support and cooperation of the global South. Third, there are deep principles of world order that provide a foundation for the Three Worlds competition. Finally, if the global West is to remain at the center of world order in the decades ahead, it will need to accommodate both the global East and the global South, and adapt itself to a more pluralistic world. But in the competition with the global East for the support of the global South, it has the advantage. The global South's critique of the global West is not that it offers the wrong pathway to modernity, but that it has not lived up to its principles or shared sufficiently the material fruits of liberal modernity.
ASEAN, Russia's invasion of Ukraine and the politics of pragmatism
Authors: Rüland Jürgen 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The timid response of member governments of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) to Russia's invasion of Ukraine has puzzled many western observers as it flagrantly violates the most basic norms of international law to which ASEAN expressly subscribes. This article seeks to provide answers to this puzzle. Informed by practice theory, the article transcends conventional realist explanations of how small and medium-sized countries respond to great power politics. Combining material and cognitive arguments, practice theory allows identifying the cultural and ideational roots of these policies and uncovering mismatches between rhetoric and agency. It suggests that, conceptualized as communities of practice, ASEAN member countries' foreign policy elites have developed a path-dependent pragmatism, which guides their response to great power politics and hence the war in Ukraine. Employing a qualitative mixed-methods approach, the empirical part of the article examines how south-east Asia's diplomatic communities of practice define pragmatism and shows that, historically, pragmatism has strongly guided their foreign policies. It traces ASEAN governments' pragmatic responses to the war in Ukraine at three levels: the national, regional and the (global) multilateral level. The article concludes that liberal proselytism does not help the West to win over ASEAN member countries to support its pro-Ukraine course.
Forever competition: the end-game of Sino–US rivalry
Authors: Tierney Dominic 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The United States has declared an era of strategic competition with China but how might this rivalry end—assuming a positive outcome for US interests? US policy-makers have chosen not to pick a favoured end state for strategic competition, hoping to maintain flexibility. However, the decision not to choose a termination point could make the rivalry more difficult to resolve. The ‘negativity bias’ in psychology means that threats tend to loom large, limiting the odds of ending strategic competition. This article applies the negativity bias to potential end-state scenarios—China's accommodation of US interests, China's democratization and China's collapse—and shows that none of these scenarios will likely end strategic competition. A study of the resolution of US great power rivalries over the last two centuries suggests there is a high bar to end strategic competition. Washington should choose a favoured end-game for strategic competition and the best option is sustained Chinese reform or ‘accommodation plus’. The negativity bias may powerfully influence the course and resolution of the Sino-US rivalry, and it can also help to explain many wider behaviours in international relations.
Reducing Worker Exploitation in Time-Limited, Low-Wage Visa Schemes: Lessons from South Korea and Thailand
Authors: Joyce Arwen 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
South Korea and Thailand are two of the seven biggest destination countries for low-wage migrant labour in East and Southeast Asia. They face similar demographic patterns and labour market dynamics but are very different when it comes to their economic, political and geographical contexts. Despite these differences, they have pursued a similar approach to the regulation of low-wage labour migration by taking a more active role in managing the recruitment and stay of migrant workers. As a result, outcomes for low-wage migrant workers in both countries are better than those experienced by their counterparts elsewhere in Asia. This analysis of the low-wage visa schemes in South Korea and Thailand contributes to a more robust understanding of how these restrictive labour migration regimes can be structured to improve outcomes for workers. The paper argues that lessons learned from the regulatory approaches pursued in South Korea and Thailand should be applied in other destination countries in Asia and beyond.
Effects of bacterial direct-fed microbial combinations on beef cattle growth performance, feeding behavior, nutrient digestibility, ruminal morphology, and carcass characteristics
Authors: Lopez Alejandra M , Sarturi Jhones O , Johnson Bradley J , Woerner Dale R , Henry Darren D , Ciriaco Francine M , Silva Kaliu G S , Rush Camron J 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The effects of the dietary inclusion of a mixture of bacterial direct-fed microbial (DFM) on feedlot beef cattle growth performance, carcass characteristics, nutrient digestibility, feeding behavior, and ruminal papillae morphology were evaluated. Crossbred-Angus steers (n = 192; initial body weight (BW) = 409 kg ± 8 kg) were blocked by BW and randomly assigned into 48 pens (4 steers/pen and 16 pens/treatment) following a randomized complete block design. A steam-flaked corn-based fishing diet was offered to ad libitum intake once daily for 153 d containing the following treatments: (1) Control (no DFM, lactose carrier only); (2) treat-A (Lactobacillus animalis, Propionibacterium freudenreichii, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus licheniformis), at 1:1:1:3 ratio, respectively; totaling 6 × 109 CFU (50 mg)/animal-daily minimum; and (3) treat-B, the same DFM combination, but with doses at 1:1:3:1 ratio. Bacterial counts were ~30% greater than the minimum expected. Data were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS, with pen as the experimental unit, the fixed effect of treatment, and the random effect of BW-block, while preplanned contrasts comparing Control × treat-A or treat-B were used. Steers offered treat-A had increased carcass-adjusted average daily gain (P = 0.03) by 6.7%, gain efficiency (P &lt; 0.01) by 6%, tended (P = 0.07) to have increased carcass-adjusted final BW by 15 kg, and hot carcass weight (P = 0.07) by 10 kg, while treat-B did not differ (P ≥ 0.17) from control. Overall dry matter (DM) intake (P = 0.36) and other carcass traits (P ≥ 0.13) were not affected by treatments. Steers offered treat-A tended to have increased digestibility of DM (P = 0.07) by 3%, neutral detergent fiber (P = 0.10), and hemicellulose (P = 0.08) by 9% compared with control, while treat-B did not differ (P ≥ 0.10) from control. No treatment × period interactions (P ≥ 0.21) or main effects of treatment (P ≥ 0.12) were observed during 24-h feeding behavior. Steers ruminated, ate, chewed, and were more active (P ≤ 0.01) during the second behavioral assessment (day 113), while drinking behavior was not affected (P ≥ 0.88). Ruminal papillae morphology and ruminal ammonia concentration (ruminal fluid collected at slaughter facility) were not affected by treatment (P ≥ 0.39). Steers offered the DFM treat-A had improved growth performance and it positively affected carcass weight and nutrient digestion. The DFM combinations did not seem to affect feedlot cattle feeding behavior or ruminal papillae morphology.
Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales in Children at 18 US Health Care System Study Sites: Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology From a Prospective Multicenter Cohort Study
Authors: Fisher Matthew , Komarow Lauren , Kahn Jordan , Patel Gopi , Revolinski Sara , Huskins W Charles , van Duin David , Banerjee Ritu , Fries Bettina C 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) are an urgent public health threat in the United States.

Objective
Describe the clinical and molecular epidemiology of CRE in a multicenter pediatric cohort.

Methods
CRACKLE-1 and CRACKLE-2 are prospective cohort studies with consecutive enrollment of hospitalized patients with CRE infection or colonization between 24 December 2011 and 31 August 2017. Patients younger than age 18 years and enrolled in the CRACKLE studies were included in this analysis. Clinical data were obtained from the electronic health record. Carbapenemase genes were detected using polymerase chain reaction and whole-genome sequencing.

Results
Fifty-one children were identified at 18 healthcare system study sites representing all U.S. census regions. The median age was 8 months, with 67% younger than age 2 years. Median number of days from admission to culture collection was 11. Seventy-three percent of patients had required intensive care and 41% had a history of mechanical ventilation. More than half of children had no documented comorbidities (Q1, Q3 0, 2). Sixty-seven percent previously received antibiotics during their hospitalization. The most common species isolated were Enterobacter species (41%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (27%), and Escherichia coli (20%). Carbapenemase genes were detected in 29% of isolates tested, which was lower than previously described in adults from this cohort (61%). Thirty-four patients were empirically treated on the date of culture collection, but only 6 received an antibiotic to which the CRE isolate was confirmed susceptible in vitro. Thirty-day mortality was 13.7%.

Conclusions
CRE infection or colonization in U.S. children was geographically widespread, predominantly affected children younger than age 2 years, associated with significant mortality, and less commonly caused by carbapenemase-producing strains than in adults.
High-Volume, High-Acuity, and High-Impact Learning: Tips and Tricks for Infectious Diseases Training Programs
Authors: Luther Vera P , Paras Molly L , Schultz Sara , Aziz Mariam , Balba Gayle , McCarty Todd P , Razonable Raymund R , Reece Rebecca , Shnekendorf Rachel , Sundareshan Vidya , Chirch Lisa M ,   the Infectious Diseases Society of America Infectious Diseases Training Program Directors Committee and Working Group, Abdoler Emily , Acharya Kartikey , Azar Marwan. M , Bartash Rachel , Blumberg Emily , Blyth Dana M , Butt Saira , Casanas Beata , Chow Brian , Clough Lisa , Cutrell James B , Dare Ryan K , Doshi Saumil , Sanctis Jorgelina de , Dobrzynski David , Faulhaber Jason , Fiske Christina , Graber Christopher , Hazra Aniruddha , Johnson Leonard B , Kaltsas Anna , Kulkarni Prathit A , Kwon Taesung , Lastinger Allison , Lee Mikyung , Leuck Anne-Marie , Lichtenberger Paola , Gil Raul Macias , Marcos Luis A , Mattar Caline , Matt Brionna , Maziarz Eileen K , Melia Michael T , Lora Alfredo J Mena , Miko Benjamin , Mitra Subhashis , Nematollahi Saman , Okeke Nwora Lance , Osorio Georgina , Perez Frederico , Phadke Varun K , Prakash Katya , Reid Gail , Riedel David J , Rojas-Moreno Christian , Salas Natalie Mariam , Schlaffer Kathryn , Sobhanie Mohammad Mahdee , Solomon Daniel A , Stapleton Ann , Streit Judy , Thompson George , VanSchooneveld Trevor C , Velagapudi Manasa , Vikram Holenarasipur R , Weber Devin , Weisenberg Scott , Wooten Darcy , Zerbe Christa S 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The Infectious Diseases Society of America Training Program Directors Committee met in October 2022 and discussed an observed increase in clinical volume and acuity on infectious diseases (ID) services, and its impact on fellow education. Committee members sought to develop specific goals and strategies related to improving training program culture, preserving quality education on inpatient consult services and in the clinic, and negotiating change at the annual IDWeek Training Program Director meeting. This paper outlines a presentation of ideas brought forth at the meeting and is meant to serve as a reference document for infectious diseases training program directors seeking guidance in this area.