bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Width of Magnetic Ejecta Measured near 1 au: Lessons from STEREO-A Measurements in 2021–2022
Authors: Lugaz Noé , Zhuang Bin , Scolini Camilla , Al-Haddad Nada , Farrugia Charles J. , Winslow Réka M. , Regnault Florian , Möstl Christian , Davies Emma E. , Galvin Antoinette B. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are large-scale eruptions with a typical radial size at 1 au of 0.21 au but their angular width in interplanetary space is still mostly unknown, especially for the magnetic ejecta (ME) part of the CME. We take advantage of STEREO-A angular separation of 20°–60° from the Sun–Earth line from 2020 October to 2022 August, and perform a two-part study to constrain the angular width of MEs in the ecliptic plane: (a) we study all CMEs that are observed remotely to propagate between the Sun–STEREO-A and the Sun–Earth lines and determine how many impact one or both spacecraft in situ, and (b) we investigate all in situ measurements at STEREO-A or at L1 of CMEs during the same time period to quantify how many are measured by the two spacecraft. A key finding is that out of 21 CMEs propagating within 30° of either spacecraft only four impacted both spacecraft and none provided clean magnetic cloud-like signatures at both spacecraft. Combining the two approaches, we conclude that the typical angular width of an ME at 1 au is ∼20°–30°, or 2–3 times less than often assumed and consistent with a 2:1 elliptical cross section of an ellipsoidal ME. We discuss the consequences of this finding for future multi-spacecraft mission designs and for the coherence of CMEs.
Solar Tachocline Confinement by the Nonaxisymmetric Modes of a Dynamo Magnetic Field
Authors: Matilsky Loren I. , Brummell Nicholas H. , Hindman Bradley W. , Toomre Juri 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We recently presented the first 3D numerical simulation of the solar interior for which tachocline confinement was achieved by a dynamo-generated magnetic field. In this follow-up study, we analyze the degree of confinement as the magnetic field strength changes (controlled by varying the magnetic Prandtl number) in a coupled radiative zone (RZ) and convection zone (CZ) system. We broadly find three solution regimes, corresponding to weak, medium, and strong dynamo magnetic field strengths. In the weak-field regime, the large-scale magnetic field is mostly axisymmetric with regular, periodic polarity reversals (reminiscent of the observed solar cycle) but fails to create a confined tachocline. In the strong-field regime, the large-scale field is mostly nonaxisymmetric with irregular, quasi-periodic polarity reversals and creates a confined tachocline. In the medium-field regime, the large-scale field resembles a strong-field dynamo for extended intervals but intermittently weakens to allow temporary epochs of strong differential rotation. In all regimes, the amplitude of poloidal field strength in the RZ is very well explained by skin-depth arguments, wherein the oscillating field that gives rise to the skin depth (in the medium- and strong-field cases) is a nonaxisymmetric field structure at the base of the CZ that rotates with respect to the RZ. These simulations suggest a new picture of solar tachocline confinement by the dynamo, in which nonaxisymmetric, very long-lived (effectively permanent) field structures rotating with respect to the RZ play the primary role, instead of the regularly reversing axisymmetric field associated with the 22 yr cycle.
Ultra–short-period WD Binaries Are Not Undergoing Strong Tidal Heating
Authors: Scherbak Peter , Fuller Jim 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Double white dwarf (WD) binaries are increasingly being discovered at short orbital periods where strong tidal effects and significant tidal heating signatures may occur. We assume that the tidal potential of the companion excites outgoing gravity waves within the WD primary, the dissipation of which leads to an increase in the WD’s surface temperature. We compute the excitation and dissipation of the waves in cooling WD models in evolving MESA binary simulations. Tidal heating is self-consistently computed and added to the models at every time step. As a binary inspirals to orbital periods less than ∼20 minutes, the WD’s behavior changes from cooling to heating, with temperature enhancements that can exceed 10,000 K compared with nontidally heated models. We compare a grid of tidally heated WD models to observed short-period systems with hot WD primaries. While tidal heating affects their T
eff, it is likely not the dominant luminosity. Instead, these WDs are probably intrinsically young and hot, implying that the binaries formed at short orbital periods. The binaries are consistent with undergoing common envelope evolution with a somewhat low efficiency α
CE. We delineate the parameter space where the traveling wave assumption is most valid, noting that it breaks down for WDs that cool sufficiently, where standing waves may instead be formed.
The Energy-dependent Gamma-Ray Light Curves and Spectra of the Vela Pulsar in the Dissipative Magnetospheres
Authors: Cao Gang , Yang Xiongbang 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We study the pulsar energy-dependent γ-ray light curves and spectra from curvature radiation in the dissipative magnetospheres. The dissipative magnetospheres with the combined force-free (FFE) and Aristotelian are computed by a pseudo-spectral method with a high-resolution simulation in the rotating coordinate system, which produces a near-FFE field structure with the dissipative region only near the equatorial current sheet outside the light cylinder. We use the test-particle trajectory method to compute the energy-dependent γ-ray light curves and phase-average and phase-resolved spectra by including both the accelerating electric field and radiation reaction. The predicted energy-dependent γ-ray light curves and spectra are then compared with those of the Vela pulsar observed by Fermi. Our results can generally reproduce the observed trends of the energy-dependent γ-ray light curves and spectra for the Vela pulsar.
Reconnection along a Separator in Shock Turbulence
Authors: Ng J. , Bessho N. , Dahlin J. T. , Chen L.-J. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Numerous structures conducive to magnetic reconnection are frequently observed in the turbulent regions at quasi-parallel shocks. In this work, we use a particle-in-cell simulation to study 3D magnetic reconnection in shock turbulence. We identify and characterize magnetic null points, and focus on reconnection along the separator between them. We identify a reconnection region with strong parallel current, a finite parallel potential, and counterrotating electron flows. Electrons are shown to be accelerated by the parallel electric field before being scattered at the null.
Hunting for Hydrated Minerals on Trans-Neptunian Objects
Authors: Seccull Tom , Fraser Wesley C. , Kiersz Dominik A. , Puzia Thomas H. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We present new optical reflectance spectra of three potentially silicate-rich trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs). These spectra were obtained with the aim of confirming past hints and detections of λ ∼ 0.7 μm absorption features associated with the presence of iron-bearing phyllosilicates. Our new spectrum of 120216 (2004 EW95) presents clearly detected absorption features that are similar in shape to hydrated mineral absorption bands present in the spectra of aqueously altered outer main belt asteroids. Four new reflectance spectra of 208996 (2003 AZ84) obtained at separate epochs all appear featureless, but they vary significantly in spectral gradient (between ∼3.5%/0.1 μm and ∼8.5%/0.1 μm) on a timescale consistent with this object’s nominal rotational period. We report the first four optical reflectance spectra of 90568 (2004 GV9), finding them all to be featureless but consistent with colors previously reported for this object. We speculate that impacts are the only mechanism capable of delivering, excavating, or forming hydrated minerals at the surfaces of TNOs in detectable concentrations; as a result, any deposits of hydrated minerals on TNOs are predicted to be localized and associated with impact sites. Globally altered TNOs (as observationally suggested for 2004 EW95) plausibly formed more easily at smaller heliocentric distances (r

H
< 15 au) before being transplanted into the current trans-Neptunian population.
Surface Heterogeneity, Physical, and Shape Model of Near-Earth Asteroid (52768) 1998 OR2
Authors: Devogèle Maxime , McGilvray Anna , MacLennan Eric , Monchinski Courteney , Marshall Sean E. , Hickson Dylan , Virkki Anne , Giorgini Jon D. , Abe Lyu , Augustin David , Aznar-Macías Amadeo , Baudouin Philippe , Behrend Raoul , Bendjoya Philippe , Benkhaldoun Zouhair , Bosch Josep , Cellino Alberto , Chatelain Joseph , Deldem Marc , Ferrais Marin , Goncalves Rui , Houdin Gerard , Husárik Marek , Jehin Emmanuel , Kareta Teddy , Kim Myung-Jin , Licandro Javier , Lister Tim , Medeiros Hissa , Pravec Petr , Rivet Jean-Pierre , Rousseau Gerald , Roh Dong-Goo , Skiff Brian , Taylor Patrick A. , Venditti Flaviane , Vernet David , Vienney Jean-Michel , Yim Hong-Suh , Zambrano-Marin Luisa 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
On 2020 April 29, the near-Earth object (52768) 1998 OR2 experienced a close approach to Earth at a distance of 16.4 lunar distances (LD). 1998 OR2 is a potentially hazardous asteroid of absolute magnitude H = 16.04 that can currently come as close to Earth as 3.4 LD. We report here observations of this object in polarimetry, photometry, and radar. Our observations show that the physical characteristics of 1998 OR2 are similar to those of both M- and S-type asteroids. Arecibo’s radar observations provide a high radar albedo of

σ

ˆ

OC

=

0.29 ± 0.08, suggesting that metals are present in 1998 OR2 near-surface. We find a circular polarization ratio of μ

c
= 0.291 ± 0.012, and the delay-Doppler images show that the surface of 1998 OR2 is a top-shape asteroid with large-scale structures such as large craters and concavities. The polarimetric observations display a consistent variation of the polarimetric response as a function of the rotational phase, suggesting that the surface of 1998 OR2 is heterogeneous. Color observations suggest an X-complex taxonomy in the Bus–DeMeo classification. Combining optical polarization, radar, and two epochs from the NEOWISE satellite observations, we derived an equivalent diameter of D = 1.80 ± 0.1 km and a visual albedo p
v = 0.21 ± 0.02. Photometric and radar data provide a sidereal rotation period of P = 4.10872 ± 0.00001 hr, a pole orientation of (332.°3 ± 5°, 20.°7 ± 5°), and a shape model with dimensions of

(

2.08

−
0.10

+
0.10

,

1.93

−
0.10

+
0.10

,

1.60

−
0.05

+
0.05

)

km.
Better among the two for Burn Mortality Prediction in Developing Nations: Revised Baux or Modified Abbreviated Burn Severity Index?
Authors: Shah Sheerin , Verma Renu , Mittal Rajinder K. , Garg Ramneesh 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackground:Burns is one of the leading causes of mortality in developing countries like India. Most of the major burns requiring hospital care are not triaged adequately for the use of medical resources. An efficient mortality predicting scale would not only help in better care to those who will benefit the most but also make it easy to explain to patient’s attendants. Among the various tools, revised Baux (rBaux) and modified Abbreviated Burn Severity Index (ABSI) are two most commonly used scales in developed nations. We proposed this study to analyze the reliability of these two scoring scales in our burn population.Aim:This study aimed to retrospectively study the two scoring systems and analyze them for their reliability in predicting mortality compared to actual observed mortality in each case.Materials and Methods:This study was conducted on all burn patients admitted to the intensive care unit of our hospital. Data on their demographic profile, total burn surface area, thickness of burns, inhalational injury, and other comorbidities were collected from files. rBaux and modified ABSI (mABSI) were calculated. The end result in the form of survival or nonsurvival was also recorded. Appropriate statistical analysis using Mann–WhitneyU-test, Chi-square test, and receiver operator characteristic curve was done to look for a better scoring system out of the two.Results:A total of 504 patients were included in the study, out of which 337 were survivors. Female gender was not a risk factor for mortality in our study. The median rBaux score in the survivor group was 100 (80–110) and in nonsurvivor group was 111 (103–123). The median mABSI score in the survivor group was 8 (7–9) and in nonsurvivor group was 10 (9–11). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve shows mABSI having better specificity for predicting mortality. rBAUX, though more sensitive, overestimates mortality than actual observed mortality.Conclusion:mABSI predicts mortality better than rBaux. A multicentric prospective study is recommended for mABSI to be used as a standard mortality predictor in burns in India.
The Standardization of Daruharidradi Ghanavati
Authors: Chawre Sushil Vilas , Waykar P. A. , Shinde V. S. , Gulhane J. D. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background:
Many effective formulations are available in Ayurveda for various diseases. These formulations are lagging in standardization due to the absence of reference standards, whereas maintaining quality standards of given medicines is the need of an hour. Daruharidradi Ghanvati is one such combination of six herbal drugs containing Daruharidra, Meshshrungi, Vijaysar, Mamajjak, Jambubija, and Methikabij. Each drug is described in various Ayurvedic antidiabetic formulations.

Aim:
The present study was aimed at setting a standard pharmacognostical and pharmaceutical profile of Daruharidradi Ghanavati.

Materials and Methods:
The study included the preparation of Daruharidradi Ghanavati using raw drugs. Later, Daruharidradi Ghanavati was subjected to pharmacognostical, physiochemical, and thin-layer chromatography analysis as per standard protocols.

Results:
The final observations were recorded. Pharmacognostical findings matched with that of individual raw drugs with no major change in the microscopic structure of the raw drugs during the preparation of Ghanavati.

Conclusion:
The quality of Daruharidradi Ghanavati tablet can be tested by pharmacognostical, physiochemical screening for the observations of the present study.
Pulmonary Dysfunction in Patients with Cirrhosis of the Liver: A Study of Pulmonary Function Tests and Arterial Blood Gases
Authors: Vaishnav Bhumika , Barla Dasaradha Ramu , Ruchitha Pailla , Wadivkar Aniruddh N. , Tonde Tushar , Mondkar Saish 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background and Aim:
Respiratory complications in liver cirrhosis can occur due to various mechanisms, such as ascites causing restricted lung expansion and opening of intrapulmonary vascular shunts due to high portal pressures. We aimed to study the effects of the liver dysfunction on the lungs by evaluating arterial blood gas (ABG) and pulmonary function test (PFT) of all study subjects.

Subjects and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was done between August 2020 and September 2022. Diagnosed cases of the liver cirrhosis were enrolled in the study after informed consent and were subjected to the following investigations: chest X-ray, oximetry, spirometry, diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO), two-dimensional echocardiography, and ABG analysis (ABGA). The cases were divided into three groups based on their Child–Pugh staging, and statistical analysis was done on the collected data.

Results:
A total of 64 (53 males and 11 females) patients with an average age of 49.82 ± 9.89 years were studied. Alcoholism was the most common cause of cirrhosis in males. Breathlessness (65.6%) and pleural effusion (26.6%) were the most common respiratory symptoms and signs, respectively. Seventeen patients had hepatic hydrothorax, eight patients had hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS), and six patients had portopulmonary hypertension. Low pH (17.2%) and oxygen partial pressure (PaO2) (20.3%) were the most common ABGA findings. The pH, PaO2, forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC), and DLCO were significantly low in Child Pugh Stage C (P < 0.05). The pH, pO2, HCO3, FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC, and DLCO were significantly lower in patients with HPS (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Metabolic acidosis and low FEV1/FVC and DLCO were the common findings in study subjects. Pulmonary dysfunction was common in advanced liver cirrhosis. Patients with HPS had worse ABG and PFT parameters than those without HPS.
Hybrid Pulmonary Sequestration, Cystic Pulmonary Adenomatoid Malformation, and Dextrocardia: A Triple Whammy
Authors: Bajpai Jyoti , Verma Shreya , Kant Surya , Verma Ajay Kumar , Bajaj Darshan , Pradhan Akshyaya , Bhalla Shalini 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Pulmonary sequestration and cystic pulmonary adenomatoid malformation are rare congenital cystic disorders of the lungs. The presence of both the diseases in the same individual is therefore very uncommon. Pulmonary sequestration is a nonfunctional pulmonary tissue mass that derives its blood supply from systemic blood supply other than pulmonary circulation. Congenital cystic pulmonary adenomatoid malformation represents a mass consisting of abnormal bronchiolar air spaces and a deficiency of functional alveoli. This is the case report of a 9-year-old girl with intermittent fever, left-sided chest pain, and cough for the past 15 days along with recurrent coughs since childhood suggestive of hybrid pulmonary sequestration, congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation, and dextrocardia.
Assessment of Neuropathy by Temperature Threshold Testing in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Gaur Archana , Varatharajan Sakthivadivel , Katta Roja , Taranikanti Madhuri , John Nitin Ashok , Umesh Madhusudhan , Ganji Vidya , Medala Kalpana 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Diagnosing diabetic neuropathy is a challenge at times as it is asymptomatic. Diagnosing diabetic neuropathy involves the use of quantitative sensory testing, nerve conduction study, and autonomic testing. Tempearture threshold testing (TTT) can aid in diagnosing small fiber neuropathy at early stages. This study aimed to assess the small fiber neuropathy using TTT in diabetes mellitus (DM) and correlate with age, duration of diabetes, and lipid profile.

Materials and Methods:
The study was commenced after obtaining ethics approval from the institute ethics committee. The study participants included 100 patients with type 2 DM of both genders between the ages of 40 and 65 years. The glycemic status and lipid profile were noted along with physical examination. Neuropathy assessment was done using Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI) and TTT.

Results:
The prevalence of small fiber neuropathy based on TTT was 63%. The lipid profile was similar in both the groups. The MNSI B scale had significantly higher scores in the neuropathy group. In the neuropathy group, the thresholds for hot were significantly greater in all four limbs and cold were significantly lower. Age and years of DM were positively correlated with the neuropathy. Hot threshold in the lower limb had shown a strong positive correlation.

Conclusion:
The age and duration of diabetes are independent risk factors for diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Small fiber neuropathy is a prequel to the motor neuropathy. Hot threshold testing in the lower limb is more sensitive than cold threshold testing for diagnosing small fiber neuropathy.
Blastoid Variant of Mantle Cell Lymphoma with Extranodal Presentation and Aberrant CD10 Expression
Authors: Raman Arthy , Jinkala Sree Rekha , Murugan Roobashri , Manivannan Prabhu 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) constitutes 3%–10% of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and is characterized by t (11:14)(q13;q32). The common presentation is generalized lymphadenopathy with weight loss, infrequently night sweats, and fever. Among histological subtypes of MCL, the blastoid variant of MCL constitutes 10%–15% of all the cases. It is challenging to diagnose the blastoid variant of MCL based on its morphology alone as it mimics large B-cell lymphoma. Hence, the immunophenotyping and molecular studies aid in its correct diagnosis. We report an elderly man diagnosed with blastoid variant MCL. He presented with disseminated soft-tissue and subcutaneous nodules, and showed aberrant CD10 expression. Presentation of the extranodal site and aberrant CD10 expressions carries an overall poor prognosis. CD10-positive MCL can be mistaken for large B-cell lymphoma.
Development of Agile Scrum Perception Tool to Evaluate Students’ Opinions on Agile Methodology in Nursing Education
Authors: Thiyagarajan Suseela , Saldanha Prakash R M , Govindan Radhakrishnan , Leena K C , Prathyusha P. V 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background and Aim:
Agile methodology (AM) is an innovative, active, team-based learning method that enhances higher-order thinking (metacognitive ability), collaboration, hands-on training, and student engagement in the classroom and clinical environment. Exploring the student’s opinions of AM in teaching helps understand how agile can be utilized in higher education to positively improve learning ability, leadership, and teamwork. Hence, the study aimed to develop the agile scrum perception tool (ASPT) to evaluate the opinions on AM among nursing students.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional design was carried out to develop ASPT in different phases. The tool was initially derived from focus group discussion and literature review. The preliminary draft was revised and modified based on expert review and suggestions by content and construct validity. Reliability was calculated in terms of internal consistency. The developed tool was evaluated using data from 200 4th-year nursing students.

Results:
A total of 23 items of ASPT have adequate psychometric properties in terms of reliability and validity. Internal consistency was checked by coefficient alpha, which was 0.87. Construct validity was analyzed by factor analysis; all items were loaded in 6 factors, accounting for 54% of the variance in the total ASPT score.

Conclusion:
ASPT has good validity, reliability, and broader scope in medical and allied education related to project management, clinical teaching, and classroom teaching.
Ultrasound-guided Stellate Ganglion Block for Upper Extremity Phantom Limb Pain - A Case Series
Authors: Goyal Sonal , Kumar Ajit , Kantha Manasa , Sharma Ravi Shankar , Agrawal Sanjay , Singh Girish Kumar 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background:
Stellate ganglion block (SGB) is effectively utilized in various sympathetically mediated pain conditions of head and neck, upper limb such as complex regional pain syndrome, postherpetic neuralgias, but there has been a paucity of evidence of SGB for the management of phantom limb pain (PLP).

Methods:
Ten upper extremity PLP patients underwent ultrasound-guided SGB block. Under real-time needle tip visualization and after ensuring negative aspiration, 5 mL of 1% lignocaine and 4 mg of dexamethasone were injected. Postprocedure pain score (numerical rating scale [NRS]) and patient satisfaction score (Likert scale) were noted, and patients were followed-up for the next 60 days.

Results:
The baseline NRS score (Mean [standard deviation]) of 7.8 (0.748) showed significant reduction (P < 0.001) to 2.8 (0.748) at immediate postinjection, to 2.6 (0.663) at day 7, at day 30 (2.9 [0.7]), and at day 60 (30.775). Most of the patients (80%–90%) were somewhat to very much satisfied with the treatment response (score 4–5 on Likert scale) at all the follow-up intervals. Only mild and transient adverse events were demonstrated in two patients who developed hoarseness of voice.

Conclusion:
Ultrasound-guided SGB effectively reduces pain and improves patient satisfaction in postamputee patients who developed PLP, over 2 months of the follow-up period. Further prospective randomized controlled trials over a larger duration with more sample size are needed to provide more concrete evidence.