bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genomic sequence correction by single‐stranded DNA oligonucleotides: role of DNA synthesis and chemical modifications of the oligonucleotide ends
Authors: Olsen Petter Angell , Randøl Markus , Luna Luisa , Brown Tom , Krauss Stefan 
Published: July 2005

AbstractBackgroundSingle‐stranded oligonucleotides (ssODN) can induce site‐specific genetic alterations in selected mammalian cells, but the involved mechanisms are not known.MethodsWe corroborate the potential of genomic sequence correction by ssODN using chromosomally integrated mutated enhanced green fluorescent protein (mEGFP) reporter genes in CHO cell lines. The role of integration site was studied in a panel of cell clones with randomly integrated reporters and in cell lines with site‐specific single copy integration of the mEGFP reporter in opposite orientations. Involvement of end modification was examined on ssODN with unprotected or phosphorothioate (PS) protected ends. Also ssODN containing octyl or hexaethylene glycol (HEG) end blocking groups were tested. The significance of DNA synthesis was investigated by cell cycle analysis and by the DNA polymerases α, δ and ε inhibitor aphidicolin.ResultsCorrection rates of up to 5% were observed upon a single transfection of ssODN. Independent of the mEGFP chromosomal integration site and of its orientation towards the replication fork, antisense ssODN were more effective than sense ssODN. When ssODN ends were blocked by either octyl or HEG groups, correction rates were reduced. Finally, we demonstrate a dependence of the process on DNA synthesis.ConclusionsWe show that, on a chromosomal level, the orientation of the replication fork towards the targeted locus is not central in the strand bias of ssODN‐based targeted sequence correction. We demonstrate the importance of accessible ssODN ends for sequence alteration. Finally, we provide evidence for the involvement of DNA synthesis in the process. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Osteoporosis is associated with increased marrow fat content and decreased marrow fat unsaturation: A proton MR spectroscopy study
Authors: Yeung David K.W. , Griffith James F. , Antonio Gregory E. , Lee Francis K.H. , Woo Jean , Leung Ping C. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractPurposeTo use proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H‐MRS) to evaluate vertebral marrow fat, and to determine whether bone density correlates with fat content and fat unsaturation levels in postmenopausal women.Materials and MethodsFifty‐three women (mean age = 70 years) underwent dual energy x‐ray absorptiometry and 1H‐MRS, and 12 young female controls (mean age = 28 years) underwent 1H‐MRS of the lumber spine. Water and lipid peak amplitudes were measured to calculate fat content and fat unsaturation index. Spearman's correlation tests and a t‐test comparison of means were applied.Results1H‐MRS was successful in 15 normal, 15 osteopenic, and 20 osteoporotic subjects, and in all controls. Marrow fat content was significantly elevated in osteoporotic (65.5% ± 10%) and osteopenic (63.5% ± 9.3%) subjects compared to normal subjects (56.3% ± 11.2%) and young controls (29% ± 9.6%). The fat unsaturation index was significantly decreased in osteoporotic (0.091 ± 0.013) and osteopenic (0.097 ± 0.014) subjects compared to normal subjects (0.114 ± 0.016) and young controls (0.127 ± 0.031). A good inverse correlation was observed between the fat content and the unsaturation index (rs = −0.53, P < 0.0001).ConclusionOsteoporosis is associated with increased marrow fat. As marrow fat increases, saturated lipids appear to increase preferentially to unsaturated lipids. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2005;22:279–285. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pathology‐guided MR analysis of acute and chronic experimental allergic encephalomyelitis spinal cord lesions at 1.5T
Authors: Cook Lisa L. , Foster Paula J. , Karlik Stephen J. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractPurposeTo directly correlate spinal cord pathology of guinea pigs with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) to the MRI data obtained at 1.5T.Materials and MethodsSpinal cords from EAE animals were imaged in vivo with the following MRI sequences: T2‐FSE, PD‐FSE, fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR)‐FSE, T2‐CSE, T1‐CSE, T1‐CSE + gadolinium‐DTPA (Gd‐DTPA), PD‐CSE, and short‐tau inversion recovery (STIR)‐FSE. The spinal cords were removed and the lesions with specific pathological compositions were identified by histological analysis. Regions of interest (ROIs) were drawn on the corresponding MR images, and signal‐to‐noise ratios (SNRs) were measured for each MR sequence and compared with controls.ResultsThe receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis of STIR‐FSE and PD‐CSE was able to differentiate tissue that contained cellular infiltrates with a high degree of accuracy. The SNRs of T2‐FSE, STIR‐FSE, T2‐CSE, PD‐CSE, and T1‐CSE + Gd‐DTPA were elevated in lesions that contained cellular infiltrates alone, whereas the SNRs of PD‐CSE and T1‐CSE + Gd‐DTPA were reduced in demyelinated lesions that also contained inflammation.ConclusionThe SNR difference between the two lesion groups suggests that the combination of STIR‐FSE, PD‐CSE, and T1‐CSE + Gd‐DTPA sequences may be useful for differentiating inflammatory lesions containing demyelination from lesions with inflammation alone. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2005;22:180–188. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High‐resolution anatomic, diffusion tensor, and magnetization transfer magnetic resonance imaging of the optic chiasm at 3T
Authors: Vinogradov Elena , Degenhardt Alexandra , Smith Derek , Marquis Robert , Vartanian Timothy K. , Kinkel Philip , Maier Stephan E. , Hackney David B. , Lenkinski Robert E. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate techniques for anatomical and physiological imaging of the intracranial optic nerve (ON), optic chiasm (OC), and optic tract (OT) at 3T with the aim of visualizing axonal damage in multiple sclerosis (MS).Materials and MethodsImaging was performed on a 3T scanner employing a custom‐designed head coil that consisted of a coil array with four coils (30 × 30 cm2). Oblique fast spin echo (FSE) images, magnetization transfer (MT)‐enhanced 3D gradient‐echo (GRE) time‐of‐flight (TOF) images, and line scan diffusion images (LSDI) were obtained. Full diffusion tensor (DT) analysis was performed, and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), fractional anisotropy (FA), and fiber direction maps were obtained.ResultsFSE anatomic images were obtained with an in‐plane resolution of 0.39 × 0.52 mm2. The in‐plane resolution of the MT and LSDI images was 0.78 × 0.78 mm2. The OC, intracranial ON, and OT can be seen on these images. The dominant fiber orientations in the OC, ON, and OT, as derived from the DT images, are displayed.ConclusionThis study shows that by using 3T and a custom‐designed, four‐channel head coil, it is possible to acquire high‐resolution anatomical and physiological images of the OC, ON, and OT. The pilot results presented here pave the way for imaging the anterior visual pathway in patients with MS. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2005;22:302–306. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hepatocellular adenomas in men: MRI findings in four patients
Authors: Psatha Evlampia A. , Semelka Richard C. , Armao Diane , Woosley John T. , Firat Zeynep , Schneider Guenther 
Published: July 2005

AbstractPurposeTo demonstrate both MRI and histopathological findings of hepatocellular adenomas (HCAs) in men.Materials and MethodsHCAs in four men are reported. All patients underwent MR studies at 1.5T including serial gadolinium‐enhanced gradient echo imaging.ResultsThree men had solitary non‐hemorrhagic adenomas that exhibited a uniform capillary blush with no central scar, and uniform fading of the tumor to near isointensity with the liver parenchyma by one minute. One of the subjects had uniform fat content as shown by uniform low signal on out‐of‐phase images. One patient had a solitary hemorrhagic adenoma that measured 17 cm in diameter and was heterogeneous on all sequences. Two of the four patients had a history of anabolic steroid use, and in the other two patients no underlying explanation for the tumor was found.ConclusionsAlthough three of the four patients had tumors that exhibited uniform homogeneous tumor blush and rapid fading of enhancement, because HCAs are rare in men and resemble hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in appearance, our findings suggest that histological confirmation of HCAs may not be avoidable in men. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2005;22:258–264. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Multislice continuous arterial spin‐labeled perfusion MRI in patients with chronic occlusive cerebrovascular disease: A correlative study with CO2 PET validation
Authors: Kimura Hirohiko , Kado Hirotsugu , Koshimoto Yoshio , Tsuchida Tatsurou , Yonekura Yoshiharu , Itoh Harumi 
Published: July 2005

AbstractPurposeTo compare the use of multislice continuous arterial spin labeling (CASL) and CO2 positron emission tomography (PET) to assess CBF in patients with chronic occlusive cerebrovascular disease for the validation of quantitative CASL perfusion in an altered hemodynamic state.Materials and MethodsEleven patients with occlusive carotid artery disease were studied with CASL and conventional MRI. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was also measured with O15‐labeled CO2 gas using a whole‐body PET scanner. The average values within region of interests (ROIs) drawn on coregistered CASL and PET images were used for the linear regression analysis and to assess the effect of transit time on the quantification using CASL.ResultIn all patients there was a significant correlation between the CBF values from CASL and PET (r = 0.71 ± 0.07, P < 0.001). The slope of regression lines varied widely among patients (0.54–1.77). Longer transit times were estimated in four of 11 patients in the hypoperfusion region.ConclusionQuantification of CBF using CASL is feasible and reasonable, even when employed in a routine clinical setting. However, the long transit time may lead to underestimation of the affected side in occlusive cerebrovascular disease. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2005;22:189–198. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Biodegradation study of crop residues as affected by exogenous inorganic nitrogen and fungal inoculants
Authors: Gaind Sunita , Pandey Alok Kumar , Lata  
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe comparative decomposition of chickpea residue, and chopped and unchopped wheat straw was investigated in pits for 120 days. Microbial biomass, humus, C/N ratio, pH, Electrical conductivity (EC), dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, cellulase, xylanase, total phenol and soluble protein were determined to assess their response to the addition of inorganic nitrogen and mixed fungal inoculum of Aspergillus nidulans, Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Trichoderma viride. The evaluation of physico‐chemical parameters (organic matter, organic carbon, N, C/N, pH, EC, microbial biomass) revealed that by supplementing unchopped wheat straw with 1% urea and mixed fungal inoculum, a lowest C/N ratio of 10.7, lowest biomass of 9.54 and highest humus content of 13% can be achieved within 3 months. Germination of Lepidium sativum (cress seeds) showed a germination index >60%, in this treatment. The enzyme assay for dehydrogenase indicated highest microbial activity in uninoculated treatments compared to fungal inoculated counterparts, in the second month sampling (active phase of composting). However, cellulase and xylanase activity showed an upward trend during curing phase of composting. Chickpea residue compost, though resulted in a C/N ratio of 17.3, but its germination index was less than 60%. The rapid quality tests conducted for H2S, NH3, NO3 and starch confirmed the stability and maturity of finished compost prepared from wheat straw through microbial inoculants. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A positive association of peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAD) and Chlamydophila (Clamydia) pneumoniae
Authors: Fernández F. , Gutiérrez J. , Linares J. , Rojas A. , Sorlózano A. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe relationship between Chlamydophila pneumoniae (Cp) infection and peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAD) was studied by analyzing clinical samples from 95 patients with PAD and 100 controls. The following investigations were conducted: IgG and IgA against lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and against purified Cp‐specific antigens from elementary bodies (EB) with ELISA; anti‐EB IgG, with MIF; Cp DNA in arterial biopsy and peripheral blood mononuclear cells with heminested PCR; LPS with ELISA; and bacteria culture in HEp‐2 cells from arterial biopsy. A significantly higher ratio of anti‐EB IgG was detected in patients. There were no significant differences in anti‐LPS IgG, anti‐LPS IgA and anti‐EB IgA between cases and controls. Cp DNA findings in the vascular wall biopsy showed significant differences between cases and controls. We obtained results that significantly involve Cp infection with PAD through the detection of anti‐EB IgG from serum and bacterial DNA from arterial biopsy. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Selection of bacteria and plant seeds for potential use in the remediation of diesel contaminated soils
Authors: AlGhazawi Ziad , Saadoun Ismail , AlShak'ah Abdalla 
Published: July 2005

AbstractEnumeration and recovery of the dominant bacteria from a chronically fuel contaminated soil has been investigated. Bacterial counts from these polluted soils ranged between 0.70 × 108 and 28.20 × 108 CFU/g soil. Three different types of bacterial colonies have been recovered on the agar plates. Biochemical examination of the recovered bacteria revealed that they mainly belonged to the genus Pseudomonas, Micrococcus and Bacillus. Turbidity, cell biomass (dry weight basis), and physical appearance determined the growth of these bacteria on diesel. A noticeable decline in alfalfa (Medicago sativa) seeds germination of 15–30% was shown at 500 mg/kg diesel or higher. Under these contaminated conditions, fescue grass (Cyndon dactylon) exhibited a higher viability than alfalfa indicating that C. dactylon seeds are relatively tolerant to diesel and can possibly be used in phytoremediation of diesel contaminated soils. Results of diesel phyotoxicity to seed germination of these two plants were based on filter paper media and therefore; should be considered as first indication only. Extrapolation of such results to actual soil conditions should be catiously approached taking into account diesel sorption on soil and mechanisms of its bioavailability. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Microfungi in cultivated fields in Eskişehir provience (Turkey)
Authors: Demirel Rasime , Ilhan Semra , Asan Ahmet , Kinaci Engin , Oner Setenay 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe soil microfungi flora was investigated in four locations of Eskişehir (Turkey). 56 soil samples were seasonaly collected from 14 stations in the areas of Karacahöyük, Bahçecik, OGU I, and OGU II. A total of 110 species belonging to 32 genera were encountered including Absidia, Acremonium, Alternaria, Aspergillus, Beauveria, Botryoderma, Chaetomium, Chrysosporium, Cladosporium, Eupenicillium, Eurotium, Fusarium, Geotrichum, Gliocladium, Gonytrichum, Metarrhizium, Mucor, Myrothecium, Paecilomyces, Penicillium, Phoma, Plectosphaerella, Rhizoctania, Rhizopus, Scopulariopsis, Septonema, Stachybotrys, Trichocladium, Trichoderma, Ulocladium, Verticillium, and Wardomyces. Twenty five species were more frequent (all locations) while twenty seven species were rare (only one sample). Mainly, Acremonium kiliense, Aspergillus ochraceus, A. terricola var. americanus, A. versicolor, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Fusarium oxysporum, F. solani, Gliocladium roseum, Penicillium chrysogenum, P. corylophum, P. expansum, P. griseofulvum, P. implicatum, P. restrictum, and Stachybotrys chartarum were the most common and abundant microfungi in all locations. Five species Aspergillus subsessilis, A. terreus var. africanus, Eupenicillium egyptiacum, Paecilomyces ramosus, and Penicillium novae‐zeelandiae are likely to be newly recorded for Turkey. The microfungi number in Eskişehir soils was between 25 000‐234 000 CFU/g (mean value at 126 375 CFU/g). (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A new bitter diterpenoid from Sarcodon scabrosus
Authors: Ma Bing‐Ji , Liu Ji‐Kai 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe new cyathane‐type diterpenoid sarcodonin I was isolated from the fruiting bodies of the basidiomycete Sarcodon scabrosus. Its structure was determined on the basis of spectroscopic means, including 2D‐NMR (HMBC, HMQC, ROESY, 1H, 1H‐COSY). (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Sequential parametric optimization of lipase production by a mutant strain Rhizopus sp. BTNT‐2
Authors: Bapiraju K. V. V. S. N. , Sujatha P. , Ellaiah P. , Ramana T. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractLipase production by the mutant strain Rhizopus sp. BTNT‐2 was optimized in submerged fermentation. Different chemical and physical parameters such as carbon sources, nitrogen sources, oils, inoculum level, pH, incubation time, incubation temperature and aeration have been extensively studied to increase lipase productivity. Potato starch (1.25% w/v) as a carbon source, corn steep liquor (1.5% w/v) as a nitrogen source and olive oil (0.5% v/v) as lipid source were found to be optimal for lipase production. The optimal levels of other parameters are 4 ml of inoculum (2.6 × 108 spores/ml), initial pH of 5.5, incubation time of 48 hours, incubation temperature of 28 °C and aeration rate of 120 rpm. With the optimized parameters, the highest production of lipase was 59.2 U/ml while an yield of only 28.7 U/ml was obtained before optimization resulting in 206% increase in the productivity. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Pollen analyses from a 50 000‐yr rodent midden series in the southern Atacama Desert (25° 30′ S)
Authors: Maldonado Antonio , Betancourt Julio L. , Latorre Claudio , Villagran Carolina 
Published: July 2005

AbstractPrecipitation in northern Chile is controlled by two great wind belts—the southern westerlies over the southern Atacama and points south (> 24° S) and the tropical easterlies over the northern and central Atacama Desert (16–24° S). At the intersection of these summer and winter rainfall regimes, respectively, is a Mars‐like landscape consisting of expansive surfaces devoid of vegetation (i.e. absolute desert) except in canyons that originate high enough to experience runoff once every few years. Pollen assemblages from 39 fossil rodent middens in one of these canyons, Quebrada del Chaco (25° 30′ S), were used to infer the history of vegetation and precipitation at three elevations (2670–2800 m; 3100–3200 m; 3450–3500 m) over the past 50 000 years. When compared to modern conditions and fossil records to the north and south, the pollen evidence indicates more winter precipitation at > 52, 40–33, 24–17 k cal. yr BP, more precipitation in both seasons at 17–14 k cal. yr BP, and more summer precipitation from 14–11 k cal. yr BP. Younger middens are scarce at Quebrada del Chaco, and the few Holocene samples indicate hyperarid conditions comparable to today. The only exception is a pollen assemblage that indicates a brief but significant interlude of increased winter precipitation in the last millennium. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A 20‐ka climate record from Central Himalayan loess deposits
Authors: Pant R. K. , Basavaiah N. , Juyal N. , Saini N. K. , Yadava M. G. , Appel E. , Singhvi A. K. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe southwest monsoon that dominated Central Himalaya has preserved loessic silt deposits preserved in patches that are proximal to periglacial areas. The occurrence of such silts suggests contemporary prevalence of cold and dry northwesterly winds. Field stratigraphy, geochemistry, mineral magnetism, infrared stimulated luminescence (IRSL) and radiocarbon dating has enabled reconstruction of an event chronology during the past 20 ka. Three events of loess accretion could be identified. The first two events of loess deposition occurred betweem 20 and 9 ka and were separated by a phase of moderate weathering. Pedogenesis at the end of this event gave rise to a well‐developed soil that was bracketed around 9 to > 4 ka. This was followed by the third phase of loess accretion that occurred around 4 to > 1 ka. Episodes of loess deposition and soil formation are interpreted in terms of changes in the strength of the Indian southwest monsoon. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of high‐performance liquid chromatographic determination of salicylaldehyde isonicotinoyl hydrazone in rabbit plasma and application of this method to an in vivo study
Authors: Kovaříková Petra , Klimeš Jiří , Štěrba Martin , Popelová Olga , Mokrý Milan , Geršl Vladimír , Poňka Přemysl 
Published: July 2005

AbstractAn analytical methodology appropriate for the determination of the novel drug candidate salicylaldehyde isonicotinoyl hydrazone (SIH) in rabbit plasma has been developed and validated. Desirable chromatographic separation was achieved on a C18 column employing a mixture of phosphate buffer (0.01 M NaH2PO4·2 H2O with 2 mM EDTA, pH 6.0) and methanol (53:47; v/v) as the mobile phase. In order to develop a suitable sample preparation procedure, different methods have been tested (solid‐phase extraction, liquid‐liquid extraction, and protein precipitation). Protein precipitation using 0.1 M HClO4 and acetonitrile allowed the highest recoveries of the analyte to be reproducibly attained. The analytical methodology developed in this study was validated with respect to linearity (0.26–30.0 μg/mL), accuracy, precision, selectivity, recovery, and stability. A concentration of 0.26 μg/mL was determined as the LLOQ. The chromatographic method was applied to a preliminary plasma pharmacokinetic study. This study has provided the first information about the concentrations of SIH in plasma of a living subject. These results could have a significant impact on further progress in the development of this promising compound.
Purification of 3‐indolylacetic acid by solid phase extraction
Authors: Rolčík Jakub , Řečinská Jana , Barták Petr , Strnad Miroslav , Prinsen Els 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThis paper deals with the use of solid‐phase extraction (SPE) for the extraction and purification of 3‐indolylacetic acid (IAA), the main and most important representative of the plant growth regulators auxins. The procedure is based on the use of C18‐SPE columns in two steps. In the first one, raw extract in methanol:water (4:1) is applied on the column in order to remove neutral ballast. In the second step the eluate is diluted with water to a final methanol concentration of 20% (to decrease the elution strength of the solvent) and acidified with formic acid to a final concentration of 1% (to convert the IAA from the anionic to the neutral form). Neutral IAA is then retained on the second SPE column, eluted by (acidified) methanol, and subjected to final analysis. Scintillation counting of tritium labeled IAA standard was used for the investigation and optimization of the SPE procedure. Gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection was suggested as a convenient method for routine determination of IAA after its methylation with diazomethane. Overall recovery of the procedure was estimated as 89–94% and a physiological level of IAA equal to 0.48 nmol/g (84 ng/g) fresh weight was found using an optimized SPE‐GC‐MS method.