bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A circuit area optimization of MK-3 S-box
Authors: Li Yanjun , Zhang Weiguo , Lin Yiping , Zou Jian , Liu Jian 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn MILCOM 2015, Kelly et al. proposed the authentication encryption algorithm MK-3, which applied the 16-bit S-box. This paper aims to implement the 16-bit S-box with less circuit area. First, we classified the irreducible polynomials over$$\mathbb {F}_{2^n}$$F2ninto three kinds. Then we compared the logic gates required for multiplication over the finite field constructed by the three types of irreducible polynomials. According to the comparison result, we constructed the composite fields,$$\mathbb {F}_{(2^4)^2}$$F(24)2and$$\mathbb {F}_{(2^8)^2}$$F(28)2. Based on the isomorphism of finite fields, the operations over$$\mathbb {F}_{2^{16}}$$F216can be conducted over$$\mathbb {F}_{(2^8)^2}$$F(28)2. Similarly, elements over$$\mathbb {F}_{2^8}$$F28can be mapped to the corresponding elements over$$\mathbb {F}_{(2^4)^2}$$F(24)2. Next, the SAT solver was used to optimize the operations over smaller field$$\mathbb {F}_{2^4}$$F24. At last, the architecture of the optimized MK-3 S-box was worked out. Compared with the implementation proposed by the original designer, the circuit area of the MK-3 S-box in this paper is reduced by at least 55.9%.
Novel subtype of coxitis knee associated with acetabular dysplasia of the hip: a case series
Authors: Dumlao Patricio III , Yukata Kiminori , Suetomi Yutaka , Tokushige Atsunori , Sakai Takashi , Fujii Hiroshi 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Multiple joint arthritis patterns require a comprehensive understanding to optimize patient management. This study aimed to present a patient cohort that deviated from known definitions of coxitis knee (CK), identifying and characterizing this atypical group.

Methods
Patients undergoing both total hip arthroplasty and total knee arthroplasty between January 2008 and December 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were classified into a typical coxitis knee group (classic, long leg arthropathy, and windswept deformity) and an atypical coxitis knee group. Leg-length discrepancy, body mass index (BMI), and radiographic parameters of the groups were compared and analyzed.

Results
A total of 31 patients were allocated to the typical coxitis knee group (n = 10), and atypical coxitis knee group (n = 21). In the atypical group, 27 hips were involved, of which 21 had acetabular dysplasia, 5 exhibited subchondral insufficiency fracture-like changes, and only 1 had classic osteoarthritis. Among the 27 knees undergoing total knee arthroplasty, 26 showed varus alignment, 1 was within the normal range, and none was valgus. Acetabular dysplasia involved ipsilateral (n = 1), contralateral (n = 14), and bilateral (n = 6) hips, showing atypical coxitis knee. Patients with acetabular dysplasia were more likely to exhibit atypical CK.

Conclusion
Most patients in the cohort displayed acetabular dysplasia and contralateral varus knees, constituting a pattern referred to as acetabular dysplasia-associated gonarthritis. Identifying this novel subtype may have important clinical implications for regions with high risk factors, where acetabular dysplasia and constitutional genu varum are prevalent.

Graphical Abstract
Production and characterization of bacterial cellulose from kombucha-fermented soy whey
Authors: Feng Xue , Ge Zhiwen , Wang Ying , Xia Xiudong , Zhao Baomin , Dong Mingsheng 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBacterial cellulose (BC) is a high-strong cellulose with high-purity produced by bacteria. The aim of this study was to explore the feasibility of using tofu soy whey as a novel and cheap culture medium to produce bacterial cellulose (BC) through the fermentation of kombucha. In this study, the statistical optimization of the culture medium for producing BC from kombucha was carried out by selecting different parameters. A three-level, three-factor Box-Behnken design (BBD) was used to determine the optimal levels for three significant variables (sucrose addition, kombucha inoculation amount and fermentation temperature). According to the results, the optimal fermentation conditions were found as follows: sucrose addition 8.5%, kombucha inoculation amount 10%, fermentation temperature 32℃, the BC yield can be up to 4.20 g/100 mL (D.W) under 11d fermentation. Besides, the BC was determined with strong tensile strength and water absorption capacity. By scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) determination, BC produced by soy whey and Hestrin-Schramm (HS) medium were compared. The results showed that BC produced from soy whey has a typical cellulose structure, characteristic peaks of typical functional groups of cellulose, and crystal diffraction peaks of type I natural cellulose. In conclusion, this study utilized the nutrients in the soy whey to obtain a high yield of bacterial cellulose, make full use of industrial waste water, which was more environmentally friendly and cheaper.
Graphical Abstract
Risk factors of electrical status epilepticus during sleep in children with benign childhood epilepsy with centro-temporal spikes
Authors: Wang Xiufeng , Zhang Yanling , Sun Ruixue , Kong Na 
Published: February 2024

Objective: To explore risk factors of electrical status epilepticus during sleep in children with benign childhood epilepsy with centro-temporal spikes (BECT).
Methods: This is a clinical comparative study. The subjects of study were 67 children with BECT from the Outpatient Department of Pediatric Neurology in Xingtai People’s Hospital from January 2019 to January 2022. According to the occurrence of ESES, the enrolled children were divided into control group which included BECT children without ESES and the observation group which included BECT children with ESES. Compared differences of the two groups in the age of first seizure, the frequency of seizures before treatment, the classification of treatment drugs, cranial MRI, and discharge side of electroencephalogram (EEG).
Results: There was no statistical difference between the two groups in the frequency of seizures before treatment, the classification of treatment drugs, cranial MRI, and the distribution of EEG discharges in the left and right cerebral areas(P>0.05). Statistical differences were observed in the age of the first seizure, whether the seizures occurred after treatment, and EEG discharges in unilateral/bilateral cerebral areas (P<0.05). Furthermore, the collinearity test and Logistic regression analysis showed that the age of the first seizure, the frequency of seizures before treatment, and whether the seizures occurred after treatment were independent risk factors for the occurrence of ESES in BECT (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Clinically, the occurrence of ESES in children with BECT may be related to the younger age of the first seizure, higher frequency of seizures before treatment, and the occurrence of seizures after treatment.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.4.7674
How to cite this: Wang X, Zhang Y, Sun R, Kong N. Risk factors of electrical status epilepticus during sleep in children with benign childhood epilepsy with centro-temporal spikes. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(4):612-616. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.4.7674
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Correlation analysis of Type-2 diabetes mellitus with proliferative retinopathy and central macular thickness
Authors: Huang He , Jiang Shuang , Niu Honglei 
Published: February 2024

Objective: To investigate the relevant risk factors of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) in patients with Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and their correlations with the central macular thickness (CMT).
Methods: This is a retrospective study. The clinical data of 300 patients with T2DM were collected and divided into a PDR group (observation group) and non-PDR group (control group) according to the occurrence of PDR in Aier Eye Hospital (Taiyuan) from February 2019 to February 2022. The relevant risk factors were screened out through the t test and the χ2 test, and analyzed by logistic regression.
Results: Logistic regression analysis showed that systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, course of diabetes, fasting blood glucose (FBG), two hours postprandial blood glucose (two hours PBG) and urinary albumin were independent risk factors for T2DM complicated with PDR. ROC curve revealed that systolic blood pressure, course of diabetes and urinary albumin had the highest diagnostic efficiency. Correlation analysis demonstrated that CMT was positively correlated with systolic blood pressure, course of diabetes, HbA1c level and urinary albumin level.
Conclusion: For patients with T2DM, blood pressure, course of diabetes, FBG, 2hPBG and urinary albumin are independent risk factors for PDR, and increased systolic blood pressure, course of diabetes, HbA1c level and urinary albumin level will increase CMT. Combining the above indexes to predict the occurrence of PDR has a synergistic effect, and the increase in systolic blood pressure, course of diabetes, HbA1c level and urinary albumin level will increase the CMT of the patients.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.4.7726
How to cite this: Huang H, Jiang S, Niu H. Correlation analysis of Type-2 diabetes mellitus with proliferative retinopathy and central macular thickness. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(4):642-647. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.4.7726
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Clinical severity and high-resolution CT severity score in COVID-19: Is there an association
Authors: Raja Mobeen Ahmed  , Kaleem Ullah Toori  , Qureshi Muhammad Arsalan 
Published: February 2024

Objectives: To identify a correlation between the clinical parameters and CT chest severity score in COVID-19.
Methods: A total of 205 RT-PCR positive patients were included in this descriptive cross-sectional study with convenience sampling from November 2020 to June 2021 in KRL Hospital. The study population was stratified in disease severity as per the WHO’s guidelines. Clinical and radiological characteristics were compared in survivors and non survivors to draw conclusion
Results: The mean age was 57 years and the majority of the patients 57% were male. Overall mortality was 22% and the mean CT severity score was 18. Non survivors were more tachypneic, hypoxic, had a higher CT chest severity score, higher clinical severity, more comorbid condition and higher TLC, D-Dimers, LDH, CRP, NLR. Raised CT severity score showed a conclusive correlation with greater disease severity. One way ANOVA showed a significant difference between mean CT severity score amongst different disease categories.
Conclusion: Higher CT severity score corresponds to a higher clinical severity and higher chances of mortality.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.4.7919
How to cite this: Ahmed RM, Toori KU, Qureshi MA. Clinical severity and high-resolution CT severity score in COVID-19: Is there an association. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(4):637-641. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.4.7919
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Association of sleep patterns and water intake with cognitive functions in adults in an urban environment
Authors: Qayyum Shazia , Iltaf Samina , Sajjad Madiha , Azam Mashaal 
Published: February 2024

Objectives: To explore the behavior patterns of students and working adults regarding the duration and quality of sleep and water intake in an urban environment and to identify the relationship between nighttime sleep extent and water intake with mood and cognitive performance.
Methods: This was a descriptive correlational study conducted at Islamic International Medical College, Riphah University at the Pathology department from March to June 2022. A total of 160 participants with age range of 20 to 50 years completed a self-report questionnaire regarding sleep patterns, water intake, and perceptions of mood, concentration, and memory. Analyzed the relationship between sleep duration, water intake, mood, mindfulness/concentration, and memory using Kendall’s Tau-b correlation coefficient in SPSS 22.
Results: A significant number (28.7%) of participants had a sleep duration of ≤ 6 hours, with 41.3% sleeping after midnight. 82.5% of the participants switch off-screen just before sleeping. 63.7% have a routine water intake of less than 2 L/day. An aberrant statistically significant negative correlation between total sleeping hours and mood (τb = -.313, p = 0.004) was identified, showing a negative effect on mood with a sleeping time of ≥ 9 hours when compared with the other two groups (6-9 hours, τb = - .689, p = 0.001, ≤ 6hours, τb = - .697, p = 0.001). A significant correlation between daily water intake and concentration was found, wherein a decrease in daily water intake showed a negative effect on concentration (τb = .289, p = 0.008).
Conclusions: Sleep duration and water intake patterns may affect mood and cognitive performance. Regular sufficient nighttime sleep and adequate hydration may help improve cognitive functioning and mood.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.4.8268
How to cite this: Qayyum S, Iltaf S, Sajjad M, Azam M. Association of sleep patterns and water intake with cognitive functions in adults in an urban environment. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(4):606-611. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.4.8268
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Pregnant women's perceptions of daily iron supplementation in rural Ghana
Authors: Ferka Listowel , Kumi-Kyereme Akwasi , Yeboa Naomi Kyeremaa , Adu Isaac Kwaku 
Published: February 2024

Background/Aims In Ghana, compliance with daily iron supplementation during pregnancy is low, particularly in the Tain district. This may be related to pregnant women's perceptions of iron supplements. The aim of this study was to explore pregnant women's perceptions of daily iron supplements in the Tain district. Methods This descriptive qualitative study used an interpretative approach. Data were gathered from a purposive sample of 20 pregnant mothers, through semi-structured interviews and face-to-face in-depth discussions. Data were analysed thematically. Results Women were unwilling to take iron supplements because of their belief that daily iron supplements make a baby too big for vaginal birth, leading to cervical tears, episiotomy or caesarean section. They were also concerned that supplements could cause nausea and vomiting during pregnancy, and excessive bleeding during labour and birth. Conclusions It is important to educate pregnant women on the benefits of iron supplementation during pregnancy and encourage them to acquire information from verified sources.
Perinatal outcomes in persistent occiput posterior fetal position: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Giallongo Elisa , Webster Angela C 
Published: February 2024

Background/Aims Persistent occiput posterior fetal position is the most common fetal malposition during labour. The aim of this study was to measure the magnitude of the effects of this labour dystocia on perinatal outcomes, as compared to anterior position. Methods A systematic review of the literature included prospective and retrospective cohort studies of singleton term pregnancies, comparing the effect of occiput posterior fetal position with occiput anterior fetal position. Random-effect meta-analysis was performed. Results Overall, eight studies were included, for a total of 140 590 participants. Women with fetuses in occiput posterior position were more likely to give birth via caesarean section (odds ratio: 6.74, P<0.001), based on data from all eight studies. Newborns experienced an increased risk of admission to a neonatal intensive care unit (odds ratio: 1.60, P<0.001), based on data from five of the included studies. Conclusions Persistent occiput posterior fetal position negatively affects maternal and neonatal outcomes. Future studies should reduce potential bias, include adjusted analysis and investigate the best clinical management for this labour dystocia.
Investigation of the impact of paediatric hospices on the quality of care of paediatric nurses
Authors: Haylı Çiğdem Müge , Kösem Dilek Demir , Bor Neşe Ataman 
Published: February 2024

Background: The establishment of paediatric hospices improves the quality of care of paediatric nurses. Aim: To examine the effect of establishing paediatric hospices on the quality of care of paediatric nurses. Methods: Data was collected between 22 October 2022 and 25 February 2023. An online survey method was used to collect sociodemographic data and paediatric hospice data for paediatric nurses and a scale was used to determine the opinions of nurses working in the field of paediatrics. A total of 300 paediatric nurses who voluntarily participated in the collection of the research data were selected with the convenience sampling method, with written consent. SPSS 26.0 data analysis programme was used in the statistical analysis of the data obtained in the study, and Independent Sample t-test and ANOVA analysis were used in the analysis of the data. Findings: Of the participating paediatric nurses, 60.9% were women, 39.1% were men, 41.1% were married, 65.9% were between the ages of 22–33, and 71.6% worked at a paediatric hospice. There was no significant difference in paediatric hospice scale scores according to sociodemographic variables such as gender, age, marital status, education level and the health institution worked by paediatric nurses (p>.05). There was a significant difference in paediatric hospice scale scores according to hospice information. It was determined that the establishment of paediatric hospices had an effect on the quality of care (p<.01). Conclusion: Paediatric nurses felt that the establishment of paediatric hospices would improve the quality of care of children at the end of life. It is recommended that applications and studies on the establishment and structuring of paediatric hospices should be carried out by expanding the samples, not only in the field of paediatric nursing, but also in all nursing fields.
Evaluating the effectiveness of a clinical nurse specialist triage role in a specialist palliative care community service
Authors: Hough Emer , Reed Jacqueline , O'Reilly Martina , Lucey Michael 
Published: February 2024

Background: In 2017, a clinical nurse specialist (CNS) triaging role was created within a specialist palliative care community service (SPCCS) in Ireland to enhance the triage process. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the role regarding data collection and reporting. Structured feedback from healthcare professionals (HCPs) was obtained on the effects, challenges and sustainability of this role. Methods: This study used a mixed-methods approach. A quantitative analysis of referrals triaged by the SPCCS CNS over 2 years (2018–2019) was performed. Two focus groups with HCP's within the same service were completed in January 2020 and one-to-one interviews were conducted. The quantitative and qualitative results were merged using a triangulation protocol. Results: In 2017, new health service executive (HSE) standards to categorise the urgency of patient assessment were introduced. Quantitatively, an improvement within the triage process was seen, with an increase in compliance with national access standards. In 2018, compliance was 89.1%. In 2019, this was 96.8%, an improvement of 7.7%. A data discrepancy of 9.5% of referrals was noted over the first 9 months of 2018. After this, data documentation and congruency were seen to improve for the final 3 months of 2018 to 100% and remained at 100%. Qualitative data highlighted the benefits and challenges of the Triage CNS role. Mixed-methods correlation revealed corroboration between both using a triangulation protocol. Conclusion: The triage CNS role was pivotal as an initial point of referral contact. Increased compliance with national access standards occurred resulting in improvements in case and case-load management, information gathering, documentation, data collection and analysis.
Bibliometric analysis on palliative care in Morocco
Authors: Elamri Nabila , Atif Ibtissam , Lyazidi Aissam , Rattal Mourad , Gantare Abdellah 
Published: February 2024

Background: No specific evaluation of palliative care (PC) has been carried out to date despite its effective integration into Moroccan healthcare strategy. Aims: To analyse the evolution of PC-related research in Morocco over the last two decades. Methods: In this study, articles indexed in Web Of Science and PubMED that include the words Morocco and palliative, in their content, in French and English, with at least one author affiliated to a Moroccan institution and published between 2000 and 2020, were evaluated with bibliometrics methods to determine a timeline, a mapping of publications and collaborations, and the main journals, types and topics of publications. Findings: A total of 87.1% of articles have been published since 2011. Some 82.1% concern oncology. A total of 48.5% were produced within the same institution and international collaboration represents only 9.9% of the articles. Conclusion: The number of PC related articles have increased since 2011, especially in regions with a greater supply of oncology care.
Propaganda 2.1, Peter K. Fallon (2022)
Authors: Thaler Paul 
Published: February 2024

Review of: Propaganda 2.1, Peter K. Fallon (2022)
Eugene, OR: Cascade Books, 186 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-66672-374-8, h/bk, $41.00
ISBN 978-1-66673-134-7, p/bk, $26.00
ISBN 166673134X, e-book, $9.99
The Fabric of Fear: Building Franco’s New Society in Spain, 1936–1950, Jorge Marco and Gutmaro Gómez Bravo (2023)
Authors: Loscos Carmen Gustrán 
Published: February 2024

Review of: The Fabric of Fear: Building Franco’s New Society in Spain, 1936–1950, Jorge Marco and Gutmaro Gómez Bravo (2023)
Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 270 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-78976-106-1, h/bk, £76
ISBN 978-1-83764-523-7, e-book, £76
Do the Right Thing: Storytelling Secrets of Five Screenplays That Embrace Diversity, Karla Fuller (2023)
Authors: Villela-Dean Noemi 
Published: February 2024

Review of: Do the Right Thing: Storytelling Secrets of Five Screenplays That Embrace Diversity, Karla Fuller (2023)
Studio City, CA: Michael Weise Productions, 112 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-61593-340-2, p/bk, USD 26.95