bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Volatile compounds in Bacillus‐fermented soybeans
Authors: Leejeerajumnean Arunsri , Duckham S Craig , Owens J David , Ames Jennifer M 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThua nao, a traditional, proteolytic, fermented soybean condiment of northern Thailand, was prepared from cooked whole soybeans by natural flora fermentation. The microbial flora during the fermentation was dominated by Bacillus species. The formation of volatile compounds during the fermentation was studied. In addition, the volatile compounds of two samples of commercial dried thua nao and two samples of commercial Japanese natto were analysed. Fermentation led to a large increase in the concentration of total volatile compounds, from 35 µg kg−1 wet weight in cooked soybeans to 3500 µg kg−1 wet weight in 72 h fermented material. The major volatile compounds in fermented beans were 3‐hydroxybutanone (acetoin), 2‐methlybutanoic acid, pyrazines, dimethyl disulphide and 2‐pentylfuran. Sun drying of 72 h fermented material resulted in the loss of 65% of total volatiles, including important aroma compounds. The commercial dried thua nao samples had low concentrations of total volatile compounds (380 µg kg−1 wet weight). It is suggested that improved drying/preservation methods are needed to retain aroma compounds in the traditional products. The natto samples were devoid of aldehydes, aliphatic acids and esters, and sulphur compounds, whereas the thua nao samples contained a diversity of these compounds. Previous investigators have reported these compounds in natto and it is not possible to suggest the existence of systematic differences between the volatile compounds in traditional thua nao prepared with an undefined, mixed microbial flora and those in natto fermented with Bacillus subtilis.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Response of intestinal proteinase activities to the feeding of isolated winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) and soya bean (Glycine max) trypsin inhibitors in rats
Authors: Nishino Naoki , Taniguchi Mayumi , Sakaguchi Ei 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe antinutritional activities of trypsin inhibitors (TIs) were compared between winged beans (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) and soya beans (Glycine max). The inhibitors of the two beans were isolated by trypsin‐bound Sepharose 4B, and 50 mg of lyophilised powders were intubated intragastrically into 24 h fasted rats. The activities of trypsin and chymotrypsin were compared after 30, 60 and 180 min in the washings of the upper, middle and lower parts of the small intestine. The elution profiles of TI and non‐TI compounds in the affinity chromatography were similar in the two beans, and the antitryptic activities were concentrated 5.5 and 6.2 times (based on specific activity) for winged beans and soya beans respectively. Regardless of the TI fed to rats, trypsin activity in the upper intestine was suppressed to almost undetectable levels at 30 and 60 min after intubation. The activities in the middle and lower intestines were also substantially lowered when rats were fed winged bean TI, and significant differences were detected at 30 and 60 min after intubation when compared with rats fed soya bean TI. However, at 180 min after feeding, no differences were found in the trypsin activity in any gut segments. Similar inhibitory properties of isolated TIs were observed in chymotrypsin activities in the small intestine. The results suggest that winged bean TI may have greater inhibitory activity on the intestinal proteinase compared with soya bean TI.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Theoretical comparison of a new and the traditional method to calculate Clostridium botulinum survival during thermal inactivation
Authors: Campanella Osvaldo H , Peleg Micha 
Published: September 2002

AbstractWhen published isothermal survival data of Clostridium botulinum spores in the range 101–121 °C were plotted in the form of logS(t) vs t relationships, where S(t) is the momentary survival ratio, they were all non‐linear. They had a noticeable upward concavity, in violation of the assumption that sporal inactivation is a process that follows first‐order reaction order kinetics. They could be described by the power law model logS(t) = − b(T)t
n(T), where b(T) and n(T) are temperature‐dependent coefficients of the order of 0.1–6 and about 0.4 respectively. These coefficients were used to construct simulated survival curves under different heating regimes with a recently proposed model. The model is based on the assumption that the local slope of the non‐isothermal survival curve, or the momentary inactivation rate, is determined solely by the momentary temperature and survival ratio, which in turn are functions of the population thermal history. The survival curves calculated with this model differ considerably from those produced by the standard method based on the traditional D and Z values. The shortcomings of the standard model are that these values depend on the number of points taken for the regression, and that its predicted survival ratios depend on the selected reference temperature. The differential equation which is proposed to replace it can be solved numerically using a program such as Mathematica®. Its predictions solely depend on the observed survival patterns under isothermal conditions and not on any preconceived kinetic model. Nevertheless, the method still needs verification with experimental non‐isothermal survival data, as has already been done with Listeria and Salmonella cells.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Minerals, phytic acid, tannin and rutin in buckwheat seed milling fractions
Authors: Steadman Kathryn J , Burgoon Monica S , Lewis Betty A , Edwardson Steven E , Obendorf Ralph L 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe composition of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) seed milling fractions depends upon the relative abundance of various seed tissues in each. Fancy (light) flour contains mainly central endosperm, while the bran milling fraction has seed coat and some embryo tissues. Phytate, found in protein bodies of embryo and aleurone cells, is the major storage form of phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and some microelements in seeds. Phytic acid (35–38 g kg−1) and minerals are concentrated in bran, a milling fraction with high concentrations of phytate‐rich tissues. Polyphenolics, including condensed tannins (proanthocyanidins), are also concentrated in bran (11–15 g kg−1). Rutin is concentrated in the hull of common buckwheat (0.8–4.4 g kg−1). Rutin concentration is low (0.2–0.3 g kg−1) in groats of common buckwheat but higher (0.7–0.8 g kg−1) in bran containing hull fragments. Rutin is 300‐fold more concentrated (81 g kg−1) in groats of tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum (L) Gaertn) than in groats of common buckwheat. Only small amounts of quercetin were detected. Bran is a concentrated source of phytic acid and tannins, a consideration in consumption of large amounts of buckwheat bran for nutritional or medicinal purposes.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Dry bean cultivar characterisation by isoelectric focusing electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel
Authors: Ruiz Guerrero Rosa M , Ortiz García Rafael , Álvarez Martínez Pedro 
Published: September 2002

AbstractA Spanish pinto bean local cultivar ‘Pinta’ was analysed by a standard electrophoretic technique, isoelectric focusing electrophoresis, in order to develop and test a reliable method of solving such food industry problems as fraud, adulteration and the identification and registration of different cultivars of legume seeds. The corresponding dry bean type protein extract was subjected to isoelectric focusing electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel (IEF‐PAGE), and the resulting data were then studied with a suitable objective chemometric evaluation technique. Applying the Rasch model to the appropriate electrophoretic results, this Spanish dry bean type was clearly characterised by the order of the chemometric measures attributed by the model to each electrophoretic band in its proteinogram. The same chemometric technique was then applied to three more dry bean cultivars. They also showed their own characteristic order of the electrophoretic bands in their corresponding proteinograms. Consequently, this method could well be a valuable tool for legume seed identification and registration. The problems intrinsic to electrophoresis were solved with the Rasch model techniques.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry.
The presence of bioactive peptides in hydrolysates prepared from processing waste of sardine (Sardina pilchardus)
Authors: Ravallec‐Plé Rozenn , Charlot Caroline , Pires Carla , Braga Vera , Batista Irineu , Van Wormhoudt Alain , Le Gal Yves , Fouchereau‐Péron Martine 
Published: September 2002

AbstractA proteolytic enzyme, Alcalase®, was used to produce partly digested proteins from cooked wastes of sardine (Sardina pilchardus). The presence of biologically active molecules was investigated in these hydrolysates prepared under various conditions of time and enzyme/substrate ratio. By means of radioimmunoassays and mitogenic and radioreceptor assays, the presence of molecules related to secretagogue peptides, growth factors and calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) respectively was detected in the hydrolysates. Exclusion chromatography permits the conclusion that the biological activity of the different fractions is related to their size.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Antioxidant activities of volatile components isolated from Eucalyptus species
Authors: Lee Kwang‐Geun , Shibamoto Takayuki 
Published: September 2002

AbstractExtracts of three species of eucalyptus leaves (Eucalyptus polyanthemos Schauer, E globulus Labill and E perriniana) and their major volatile components were assessed for antioxidant activity in two different assays. The inhibitory effect of each extract and its components towards aldehyde/carboxylic acid conversion was measured over a period of 30 days. Their inhibitory effects towards malonaldehyde formation from lipid by oxidation with Fenton's reagent were also measured; the extract from E polyanthemos inhibited the oxidation of hexanal completely for 30 days at a level of 200 and 500 µg ml−1. It also inhibited malonaldehyde (MA) formation in cod liver oil by 86% at the 160 µg ml−1 level. At the 500 µg ml−1 level, thymol, 1,8‐cineole, benzyl alcohol and terpinen‐4‐ol identified in the extract from E polyanthemos reduced the extent of hexanal oxidation over a period of 30 days by 100, 96, 82 and 75% respectively. In the lipid/MA assay, thymol, benzyl alcohol, terpinen‐4‐ol and 1,8‐cineole inhibited MA formation by 80, 63, 58 and 26% respectively at the level of 160 µg ml−1. Thymol exhibited potent antioxidant activity comparable to that of the known natural antioxidant α‐tocopherol.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
The use of multi‐criteria decision analysis to support the search for less conflicting policy options in a multi‐actor context: case study
Authors: Bana E Costa Carlos A. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractPublic resource allocation often requires the management of conflicting objectives of multiple policy actors at different spatial levels. An example is the case study on which this paper is based: the definition of an investment policy in new inter‐municipal road‐links in the Lisbon Metropolitan Region (LMR) for the period 1999–2004. The key regional (inter‐municipal) objective is to choose the sub‐set of proposed road projects that maximizes the quality of LMR's road network for a fixed available budget. Conflict arises, however, if environmental, social and economic impacts at the level of the 18 municipalities involved are significantly unbalanced. This paper describes how multi‐criteria decision analysis' concepts, techniques and software tools were used to analyse spatial conflicts in the LMR case. The study provided the decision‐making body formed by all the municipal mayors with useful information about how much it is necessary to negotiate to reach an agreement on a specific investment policy option. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Experimental anaesthesiologic protocol for porto‐intracaval shunt for liver total vascular exclusion: Preliminary study in the rabbit
Authors: Astuto Marinella , Sorbello Massimiliano , Zirilli Vanessa , Russo Mario , La Greca Gaetano , Di Cataldo Antonio 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effects and interference of different anaesthetic techniques in rabbits undergoing liver total vascular exclusion using a porto‐intracaval shunt. Twenty New Zealand rabbits were divided in three groups: group A receiving diazepam as premedication, ketamine + atropine for induction and maintenance of anaesthesia and underoing a porto‐intracaval shunt operation; group B receiving midazolam as premedication, ketamine + fentanyl + atropine for induction and maintenance of anaesthesia and undergoing a porto‐intracaval shunt operation; group C receiving the same drugs as group B but undergoing a simple portal and caval clamping. The following parameters were studied: efficacy of premedication, vital parameters before and after clamping and insertion of the shunt, mean time to clamp and insert the shunt, mean survival time after clamping (group C) or activation of the shunt (groups A and B). Midazolam was significantly better for premedication; there was no statistically significant difference between groups A and B for the vital parameters, for the time necessary to clamp and insert the shunt, for the intraoperative course, and for the mean survival time. The absence of a statistically significant difference between groups could be due to the low number of animals used in the study. There is actually evidence that a correct anaesthesiologic protocol, especially referring to analgesia and fluid management, improves the outcome of operated animals. Surely further studies, possibly conducted on a larger number of animals, are required to evaluate better the results observed and to consider applying these data and this experience to humans.
Spleen autotransplantation in mice: A novel experimental model for immunology study
Authors: Mikó Irén , Bráth Endre , Furka István , Kovács Judit , Kelvin David , Zhong Robert 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe aim of the experimental model to develop a spleen transplant model in mice to study the role of spleen in autoimmune and transplant rejection. After a midline incision, splenectomy was performed. Four tiny segments were cut from the removed spleen and were rinsed at room temperature in physiological salt solution. The greater omentum was lifted and four omental pockets were created; four thin segments were then placed into the “nests,” subsequently marked, and fixed using 8‐0 suture. The abdomen was then closed. The duration of the survival time was different among the nine groups (n = 3–3). Tissue samples were taken from the marked areas for histological examination stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). H&E staining demonstrated large, well‐circumscribed splenic nests with lymphoid zone and red pulp and well‐formed trabecules in the spleen. Among the possible applications of this novel model is the ability to study the role of spleen in autoimmune and organ rejection.
The use of vein grafts in the treatment of peripheral lymphedemas: Long‐term results
Authors: Campisi Corradino , Boccardo Francesco , Zilli Angelo , Macció Alberto , Napoli Francesco 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThis study evaluates long‐term results of the treatment of peripheral lymphedemas by the microsurgical reconstructive technique of interposed vein grafts. The technique consists of the use of autologous vein grafts to reconstruct lymphatic pathways where there is a block to the lymphatic circulation of the limb, whether of congenital or acquired etiology. The venous segment represents a sort of “bridge” between afferent and efferent lymphatic collectors (lymphatic‐venous‐lymphatic plasty [LVLA]). The results also proved to have positive long‐term effects after microsurgical operation. Follow‐up evaluation was performed clinically by water volumetry and instrumentally by lymphangioscintigraphy. With this LVLA technique, peripheral lymphedemas can be treated when derivative lymphovenous shunts cannot be used because of impaired venous circulation in the same lymphedematous limb. The new aspect of the study is that we report long‐term clinical and instrumental results.
Confocal imaging of Schwann‐cell migration along muscle‐vein combined grafts used to bridge nerve defects in the rat
Authors: Fornaro Michele , Tos Pierluigi , Geuna Stefano , Giacobini‐Robecchi Maria G. , Battiston Bruno 
Published: September 2002

AbstractSchwann cells guide axonal regrowth during peripheral nerve repair. In a case of a nerve lesion with substance loss, a graft conduit is necessary to enable axons to reach the distal nerve stump. If a non‐nervous autograft is used, the question arises as to the presence and origin of Schwann cells along the grafted tube. We addressed this issue using a tubulization technique based on the use of an autologous vein filled with fresh skeletal muscle for the repair of sciatic nerve defects in the rat. We showed that both ends of the graft were early and progressively colonized by a number of glial fibrillar acid protein–immunopositive and S‐100 immunonegative cells, an immunocytochemical pattern typical of immature Schwann cells. These cells, which were located in the interstice between grafted skeletal muscle fibers, are mainly organized into long chains oriented along the main axis of the graft and progressively colonize all the graft. Schwann cells coming from the distal nerve end are suitable for being responsible for guiding regeneration of nerve fibers along the graft toward the correct periphery (tissue specificity). © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MICROSURGERY 21:153–155 2001
Orthotopic liver/small bowel transplantation in rats: A microsurgical model inducing tolerance
Authors: Meyer D. , Thorwarth W.M. , Otto C. , Gassel H.J. , Timmermann W. , Ulrichs K. , Thiede A. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractLiver cirrhosis in patients with short bowel syndrome is successfully treated in humans by simultaneous liver/small bowel transplantation. However, until now, a clinically relevant experimental rat model for this procedure has not existed. We therefore established a protocol that, for the first time in rats, allows the simultaneous transplantation of arterialized liver and small bowel into an orthotopic position. Short‐term immunosuppression induced not only allograft acceptance but tolerance (as demonstrated by indicator heart/skin transplantation). The immunosuppressive dose required to achieve this result was dramatically less than that of protocols for successful small bowel transplantation alone. Immunohistochemistry detected a transient rejection crisis before tolerance. During this crisis, apoptotic recipient‐type T lymphocytes, mainly CD8+ cells, accumulated in the liver but not in the small bowel allograft. The initiation of T‐cell apoptosis is one possible explanation for the specific immunosuppressive effect of the liver allograft, which also supports the simultaneously transplanted small bowel allograft in our model.
Effectiveness of porto‐intracaval shunt to reduce the negative effects of portal and caval clamping in the rabbit
Authors: La Greca Gaetano , Astuto Marinella , Randazzo Valentina , Latteri Saverio , Lanteri Raffaele , Puleo Stefano 
Published: September 2002

AbstractIn performing experimental liver surgery, it is difficult to prolong anhepatic time because the animals do not tolerate prolonged portal and caval clamping. To counteract prolonged venous stasis, the authors previously developed a simple porto‐intracaval shunt. The shunt consists of a self‐constructed inverted Y silicone tube. The effectiveness of this shunt was studied comparing two groups of 10 rabbits with shunt (S) versus those with clamped portal and inferior caval vein (C). In the group of rabbits that underwent porto‐intracaval shunt, the results concerning intraoperative mortality, intraoperative increase in distal portal vein pressure, and incidence of the histologic signs of gut damage were clearly improved. The proposed porto‐intracaval shunt was therefore effective in reducing some principal negative effects of portal and caval clamping. This type of porto‐intracaval shunt can be therefore useful allowing improvement of experimental models concerning liver surgery in little animals.
Activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis during reconstructive microsurgery in patients with cancer
Authors: Olsson Eija , Svartling Nils , Asko‐Seljavaara Sirpa , Lassila Riitta 
Published: September 2002

AbstractCancer patients are subjected to increased systemic risk of thrombotic events and may therefore be at higher risk of even local thrombosis compromising the outcome of reconstructive microsurgery. Coagulation and fibrinolysis activities were studied serially during and after reconstructive microsurgery in seven patients with oropharyngeal cancer or sarcoma in the extremities. A preoperative hypercoagulable state was found in four patients (elevated fibrinogen, TAT, F1+2, or D‐dimer); two of these patients also had a local thrombotic event. In all patients, the plasma markers generally varied perioperatively: fibrinogen decreased, whereas TAT and subsequently D‐dimer increased at the end of the operation. However, tPA and PAI‐1 remained unaltered, except in the patients with thrombosis in whom PAI‐1 activity increased progressively during the operation. F1+2 was also clearly elevated in these two patients at the time of thrombosis. Preoperative assessment of hypercoagulability for this group of patients could be helpful in targeting meticulous antithrombotic protection. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery 21:208–213 2001
Nerve regeneration through a healthy peripheral nerve trunk as a nerve conduit: A preliminary study of a new concept in peripheral nerve surgery
Authors: Yüksel Fuat , Ülkür Ersi̇n , Baloğlu Hüseyi̇n , Çeli̇köz Bahatti̇n 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe popularity of nerve conduits has increased recently due to the need for alternative nerve reconstruction techniques, obviating the harvest of nerve grafts. Based on ideas suggesting nerve tissue itself, which was the most physiologic environment for nerve regeneration, a study using 40 sciatic nerves of 20 rats was performed. The proximal stumps of transected peroneal nerves were sutured to the lateral wall of healthy tibial nerve trunks after removal of the epineurium. Twelve weeks later, tissue samples were taken from the anastomosis sites and from the levels above and below these sites. Configurations of fascicles were evaluated, and numbers of fibers were estimated. It was observed that the fibers of peroneal nerves regenerated into and through the tibial nerve trunk distally. This suggested that active regenerating fibers of a proximal stump of a nerve could regenerate and progress as a fascicular unit in optimum condition at the trunk of another healthy nerve. This preliminary study should stimulate further studies based on this new concept: that a nerve trunk can serve as the host for the regenerating fibers of another nerve. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MICROSURGERY 22:138–143 2002