bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fermionic steering is not nonlocal in the background of dilaton black hole
Authors: Wu Shu-Min , Li Jin-Xuan , Jiang Xiao-Ying , Teng Xiao-Wei , Huang Xiao-Li , Lu Jianbo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe study the redistribution of the fermionic steering and the relation among fermionic Bell nonlocality, steering, and entanglement in the background of the Garfinkle–Horowitz–Strominger dilaton black hole. We analyze the meaning of the fermionic steering in terms of the Bell inequality in curved spacetime. We find that the fermionic steering, which is previously found to survive in the extreme dilaton black hole, cannot be considered to be nonlocal. We also find that the dilaton gravity can redistribute the fermionic steering, but cannot redistribute Bell nonlocality, which means that the physically inaccessible steering is also not nonlocal. Unlike the inaccessible entanglement, the inaccessible steering may increase non-monotonically with the dilaton. Furthermore, we obtain some monogamy relations between the fermionic steering and entanglement in dilaton spacetime. In addition, we show the difference between the fermionic and bosonic steering in curved spacetime.
Deep neural networks optimization for resource-constrained environments: techniques and models
Authors: Careem Raafi , Md Johar Md Gapar , Khatibi Ali 
Published: February 2024

This paper aims to present a comprehensive review of advanced techniques and models with a specific focus on deep neural network (DNN) for resource-constrained environments (RCE). The paper contributes by highlighting the RCE devices, analyzing challenges, reviewing a broad range of optimization techniques and DNN models, and offering a comparative assessment. The findings provide potential optimization techniques and recommend a baseline model for future development. It encompasses a broad range of DNN optimization techniques, including network pruning, weight quantization, knowledge distillation, depthwise separable convolution, residual connections, factorization, dense connections, and compound scaling. Moreover, the review analyzes the established optimization models which utilizes the above optimization techniques. A comprehensive analysis is conducted for each technique and model, considering its specific attributes, usability, strengths, and limitations in the context of effective deployment in RCEs. The review also presents a comparative assessment of advanced DNN models’ deployment for image classification, employing key evaluation metrics such as accuracy and efficiency factors like memory and inference time. The article concludes with the finding that combining depthwise separable convolution, weight quantization, and pruning represents potential optimization techniques, while also recommending EfficientNetB1 as a baseline model for the future development of optimization models in RCE image classification.<p> </p>
Differential 5′-tRNA Fragment Expression in Circulating Preeclampsia Syncytiotrophoblast Vesicles Drives Macrophage Inflammation
Authors: Cooke William R. , Jiang Peiyong , Ji Lu , Bai Jinyue , Jones Gabriel Davis , Lo Y. M. Dennis , Redman Christopher , Vatish Manu 
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:
The relationship between placental pathology and the maternal syndrome of preeclampsia is incompletely characterized. Mismatch between placental nutrient supply and fetal demands induces stress in the syncytiotrophoblast, the layer of placenta in direct contact with maternal blood. Such stress alters the content and increases the release of syncytiotrophoblast extracellular vesicles (STB-EVs) into the maternal circulation. We have previously shown 5′-tRNA fragments (5′-tRFs) constitute the majority of small RNA in STB-EVs in healthy pregnancy. 5′-tRFs are produced in response to stress. We hypothesized STB-EV 5′-tRF release might change in preeclampsia.

METHODS:
We perfused placentas from 8 women with early-onset preeclampsia and 6 controls, comparing small RNA expression in STB-EVs. We used membrane-affinity columns to isolate maternal plasma vesicles and investigate placental 5′-tRFs in vivo. We quantified 5′-tRFs from circulating STB-EVs using a placental alkaline phosphatase immunoassay. 5′-tRFs and scrambled RNA controls were added to monocyte, macrophage and endothelial cells in culture to investigate transcriptional responses.

RESULTS:
5′-tRFs constitute the majority of small RNA in STB-EVs from both preeclampsia and normal pregnancies. More than 900 small RNA fragments are differentially expressed in preeclampsia STB-EVs. Preeclampsia-dysregulated 5′-tRFs are detectable in maternal plasma, where we identified a placentally derived load. 5′-tRF-Glu-CTC, the most abundant preeclampsia-upregulated 5′-tRF in perfusion STB-EVs, is also increased in preeclampsia STB-EVs from maternal plasma. 5′-tRF-Glu-CTC induced inflammation in macrophages but not monocytes. The conditioned media from 5′-tRF-Glu-CTC-activated macrophages reduced eNOS (endothelial NO synthase) expression in endothelial cells.

CONCLUSIONS:
Increased release of syncytiotrophoblast-derived vesicle-bound 5′-tRF-Glu-CTC contributes to preeclampsia pathophysiology.
Major Depressive Disorder Impacts Peripheral Artery Disease Risk Through Intermediary Risk Factors
Authors: Shakt Gabrielle , Tsao Noah L. , Levin Michael G. , Walker Venexia , Kember Rachel L. , Klarin Derek , Tsao Phil , Voight Benjamin F. , Scali Salvatore T. , Damrauer Scott M. 
Published: February 2024

Background
Major depressive disorder (MDD) has been identified as a causal risk factor for multiple forms of cardiovascular disease. Although observational evidence has linked MDD to peripheral artery disease (PAD), causal evidence of this relationship is lacking.

Methods and Results

Inverse variance weighted 2‐sample Mendelian randomization was used to test the association the between genetic liability for MDD and genetic liability for PAD. Genetic liability for MDD was associated with increased genetic liability for PAD (odds ratio [OR], 1.17 [95% CI, 1.06–1.29];
P
=2.6×10
−3
). Genetic liability for MDD was also associated with increased genetically determined lifetime smoking (
β
=0.11 [95% CI, 0.078–0.14];
P
=1.2×10
−12
), decreased alcohol intake (
β
=−0.078 [95% CI, −0.15 to 0];
P
=0.043), and increased body mass index (
β
=0.10 [95% CI, 0.02–0.19];
P
=1.8×10
−2
), which in turn were associated with genetic liability for PAD (smoking: OR, 2.81 [95% CI, 2.28–3.47],
P
=9.8×10
−22
; alcohol: OR, 0.77 [95% CI, 0.66–0.88];
P
=1.8×10
−4
; body mass index: OR, 1.61 [95% CI, 1.52–1.7];
P
=1.3×10
−57
). Controlling for lifetime smoking index, alcohol intake, and body mass index with multivariable Mendelian randomization completely attenuated the association between genetic liability for MDD with genetic liability for PAD.

Conclusions
This work provides evidence for a possible causal association between MDD and PAD that is dependent on intermediate risk factors, adding to the growing body of evidence suggesting that effective management and treatment of cardiovascular diseases may require a composite of physical and mental health interventions.
High Resting Coronary Flow Velocity by Echocardiography Is Associated With Worse Survival in Patients With Chronic Coronary Syndromes
Authors: Cortigiani Lauro , Gaibazzi Nicola , Ciampi Quirino , Rigo Fausto , Rodríguez‐Zanella Hugo , Wierzbowska‐Drabik Karina , Kasprzak Jaroslaw D. , Arbucci Rosina , Lowenstein Jorge , Zagatina Angela , Bartolacelli Ylenia , Gregori Dario , Carerj Scipione , Pepi Mauro , Pellikka Patricia A. , Picano Eugenio ,   the Stress Echo 2030 study group
Published: February 2024

Background
Resting coronary flow velocity (CFV) in the mid‐distal left anterior descending coronary artery can be easily assessed with transthoracic echocardiography. In this observational study, the authors sought to assess the relationship between resting CFV, CFV reserve (CFVR), and outcome in patients with chronic coronary syndromes.

Methods and Results

In a prospective multicenter study design, the authors retrospectively analyzed 7576 patients (age, 66±11 years; 4312 men) with chronic coronary syndromes and left ventricular ejection fraction ≥50% referred for dipyridamole stress echocardiography. Recruitment (years 2003–2021) involved 7 accredited laboratories, with interobserver variability <10% for CFV measurement at study entry. Baseline peak diastolic CFV was obtained by pulsed‐wave Doppler in the mid‐distal left anterior descending coronary artery. CFVR (abnormal value ≤2.0) was assessed with dipyridamole. All‐cause death was the only end point. The mean CFV of the left anterior descending coronary artery was 31±12 cm/s. The mean CFVR was 2.32±0.60. During a median follow‐up of 5.9±4.3 years, 1121 (15%) patients died. At multivariable analysis, resting CFV ≥32 cm/s was identified by a receiver operating curve as the best cutoff and was independently associated with mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 1.24 [95% CI, 1.10–1.40];
P
<0.0001) together with CFVR ≤2.0 (HR, 1.78 [95% CI, 1.57–2.02];
P
<0.0001), age, diabetes, history of coronary surgery, and left ventricular ejection fraction. When both CFV and CFVR were considered, the mortality rate was highest in patients with resting CFV ≥32 cm/s and CFVR ≤2.0 and lowest in patients with resting CFV <32 cm/s and CFVR >2.0.

Conclusions
High resting CFV is associated with worse survival in patients with chronic coronary syndromes and left ventricular ejection fraction ≥50%. The value is independent and additive to CFVR. The combination of high resting CFV and low CFVR is associated with the worst survival.
Prediction of In‐Hospital Mortality for Ischemic Cardiogenic Shock Requiring Venoarterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
Authors: Jeong Joo Hee , Kook Hyungdon , Lee Seung Hun , Joo Hyung Joon , Park Jae Hyoung , Hong Soon Jun , Kim Mi‐Na , Park Seong‐Mi , Jung Jae Seung , Yang Jeong Hoon , Gwon Hyeon‐Cheol , Ahn Chul‐Min , Jang Woo Jin , Kim Hyun‐Joong , Bae Jang‐Whan , Kwon Sung Uk , Lee Wang Soo , Jeong Jin‐Ok , Park Sang‐Don , Lim Seong‐Hoon , Lee Jiyoon , Lee Juneyoung , Yu Cheol Woong 
Published: February 2024

Background
Clinical outcome of ischemic cardiogenic shock (CS) requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is highly variable, necessitating appropriate assessment of prognosis. However, a systemic predictive model estimating the mortality of refractory ischemic CS is lacking. The PRECISE (Prediction of In‐Hospital Mortality for Patients With Refractory Ischemic Cardiogenic Shock Requiring Veno‐Arterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Support) score was developed to predict the prognosis of refractory ischemic CS due to acute myocardial infarction.

Methods and Results
Data were obtained from the multicenter CS registry RESCUE (Retrospective and Prospective Observational Study to Investigate Clinical Outcomes and Efficacy of Left Ventricular Assist Device for Korean Patients With Cardiogenic Shock) that consists of 322 patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by refractory ischemic CS requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support. Fifteen parameters were selected to assess in‐hospital mortality. The developed model was validated internally and externally using an independent external cohort (n=138). Among 322 patients, 138 (42.9%) survived postdischarge. Fifteen predictors were included for model development: age, diastolic blood pressure, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, peak lactic acid, serum creatinine, lowest left ventricular ejection fraction, vasoactive inotropic score, shock to extracorporeal membrane oxygenation insertion time, extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation, use of intra‐aortic balloon pump, continuous renal replacement therapy, mechanical ventilator, successful coronary revascularization, and staged percutaneous coronary intervention. The PRECISE score yielded a high area under the receiver‐operating characteristic curve (0.894 [95% CI, 0.860–0.927]). External validation and calibration resulted in competent sensitivity (area under the receiver‐operating characteristic curve, 0.895 [95% CI, 0.853–0.930]).

Conclusions

The PRECISE score demonstrated high predictive performance and directly translates into the expected in‐hospital mortality rate. The PRECISE score may be used to support clinical decision‐making in ischemic CS (
www.theprecisescore.com
).

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02985008.
Urinary Prostaglandin E2 Excretion and the Risk of Cardiovascular and Kidney Disease
Authors: Geurts Frank , Chaker Layal , van der Burgh Anna C. , Cronin‐Fenton Deirdre , Fenton Robert A. , Hoorn Ewout J. 
Published: February 2024

Background
Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis by nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs is associated with cardiovascular mortality and kidney disease. This study hypothesizes that urinary prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and PGE2 metabolite (PGEM) excretions are markers of cardiovascular and kidney health, because they reflect both systemic and kidney‐derived PGE2 production.

Methods and Results

PGE2 and PGEM were measured in spot urine samples from 2291 participants (≥55 years old) of the population‐based Rotterdam Study. Urinary PGE2 and PGEM excretions were analyzed using linear regression analyses to identify cross‐sectional associations with cardiovascular risk factors and baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Longitudinal associations with cardiovascular mortality and kidney outcomes (eGFR <60 or <45 mL/min per 1.73 m
2
and the composite outcome 40% eGFR loss or kidney failure) were assessed with Cox regression. Urinary PGE2 and PGEM excretions were higher with increasing age, lower eGFR, smoking, diabetes, and albuminuria. A 2‐fold higher urinary PGE2 and PGEM excretion was associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular mortality (28 825 patient‐years; 160 events; PGE2 hazard ratio [HR], 1.27, [95% CI, 1.06–1.54]; PGEM HR, 1.36 [95% CI, 1.10–1.67]). Higher PGE2 excretions were also associated with a higher risk of incident eGFR <60 mL/min per 1.73 m
2
(31 530 person‐years; 691 events; HR, 1.13 [95% CI, 1.02–1.25]) with similar HRs for the other kidney outcomes.

Conclusions
Urinary PGE2 and PGEM excretions are novel markers for the presence and progression of cardiovascular and kidney disease. Future studies should address whether these associations are causal and can be targeted to improve cardiovascular and kidney outcomes.
Evidence for Multiscale Multiplexed Representation of Visual Features in EEG
Authors: Karimi-Rouzbahani Hamid 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Distinct neural processes such as sensory and memory processes are often encoded over distinct timescales of neural activations. Animal studies have shown that this multiscale coding strategy is also implemented for individual components of a single process, such as individual features of a multifeature stimulus in sensory coding. However, the generalizability of this encoding strategy to the human brain has remained unclear. We asked if individual features of visual stimuli were encoded over distinct timescales. We applied a multiscale time-resolved decoding method to electroencephalography (EEG) collected from human subjects presented with grating visual stimuli to estimate the timescale of individual stimulus features. We observed that the orientation and color of the stimuli were encoded in shorter timescales, whereas spatial frequency and the contrast of the same stimuli were encoded in longer timescales. The stimulus features appeared in temporally overlapping windows along the trial supporting a multiplexed coding strategy. These results provide evidence for a multiplexed, multiscale coding strategy in the human visual system.
Exploring evidence selection with the inclusion network
Authors: Fu Yuanxi , Clarke Caitlin Vitosky , Van Moer Mark , Schneider Jodi 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Although systematic reviews are intended to provide trusted scientific knowledge to meet the needs of decision-makers, their reliability can be threatened by bias and irreproducibility. To help decision-makers assess the risks in systematic reviews that they intend to use as the foundation of their action, we designed and tested a new approach to analyzing the evidence selection of a review: its coverage of the primary literature and its comparison to other reviews. Our approach could also help anyone using or producing reviews understand diversity or convergence in evidence selection. The basis of our approach is a new network construct called the inclusion network, which has two types of nodes: primary study reports (PSRs, the evidence) and systematic review reports (SRRs). The approach assesses risks in a given systematic review (the target SRR) by first constructing an inclusion network of the target SRR and other systematic reviews studying similar research questions (the companion SRRs) and then applying a three-step assessment process that utilizes visualizations, quantitative network metrics, and time series analysis. This paper introduces our approach and demonstrates it in two case studies. We identified the following risks: missing potentially relevant evidence, epistemic division in the scientific community, and recent instability in evidence selection standards. We also compare our inclusion network approach to knowledge assessment approaches based on another influential network construct, the claim-specific citation network, discuss current limitations of the inclusion network approach, and present directions for future work.
Increased Posterior Tibial Slope Is Associated With Increased Risk of Meniscal Root Tears: A Systematic Review
Authors: Dzidzishvili Lika , Allende Felicitas , Allahabadi Sachin , Mowers Colton C. , Cotter Eric J. , Chahla Jorge 
Published: February 2024

Background: While increased posterior tibial slope (PTS) is an established risk factor for anterior cruciate ligament tears, the association between tibial slope and meniscal posterior root tears is not well-defined. Purpose: To summarize the available literature evaluating the association between PTS and meniscus root injuries compared with patients without root tears. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A literature search was performed using the Scopus, PubMed, and Embase databases. Human clinical studies evaluating the associations between the medial tibial slope (MTS), lateral tibial slope (LTS), lateral-to-medial (L-to-M) slope asymmetry, and the risk of meniscus root tears were included. Patients with medial meniscus posterior root tears (MMPRTs) and lateral meniscus posterior root tears (LMPRTs) were compared with a control group without root injury. Study quality was assessed using the methodological index for non-randomized studies criteria. Results: Ten studies with 1313 patients were included (884 patients with root tears; 429 controls). The LMPRT subgroup (n = 284) had a significantly greater LTS (mean ± SD, 7.3°± 1.5° vs 5.7°± 3.91°; P < .001), MTS (5.26°± 1.2° vs 4.8°± 1.25°; P < .001), and increased L-to-M asymmetry (2.3°± 1.3° vs 0.65°± 0.5°; P < .001) compared with controls. The MMPRT group (n = 600) had significantly increased MTS relative to controls (8.1°± 2.5° vs 4.3°± 0.7°; P < .001). Furthermore, there was a higher incidence of noncontact injuries (79.3%) and concomitant ramp lesions (56%) reported in patients with LMPRT. Conclusion: Increased MTS, LTS, and L-to-M slope asymmetry are associated with an increased risk of LMPRTs, while increased MTS is associated with MMPRTs. Surgeons should consider how proximal tibial anatomy increases the risk of meniscus root injury.
Negative Career Goal Discrepancy and Goal Adjustment in Young Adults: The Underlying Mechanism of Negative Emotions
Authors: Widyowati Arini , Hood Michelle , Duffy Amanda , Creed Peter 
Published: February 2024

Internal dissonance and disagreement with significant others over career goals can disrupt career progress. Based on goal setting and self-regulation theories, this study tested the relationships between self and parent career goal discrepancy (gap between what is desired and what is achieved) and career goal adjustment (career compromise and goal revision intentions) directly and indirectly via negative emotions (self- and parent-referenced career distress and regret). We surveyed 315 young adult students (76.5% women; MAge 19.52 years) recruited from a single multi-campus Australian university. Using structural equation modelling (maximum likelihood estimation), we found that higher self and parent career goal discrepancies were associated with higher compromise and intention to downgrade career goals. Further, self- and parent-referenced emotional responses partially explained the discrepancy to goal adjustment relationships. The findings have implications for how career theories incorporate self- and other-set career goal disruptions and should help counsellors assist young people, particularly in a strongly individualist, but multicultural, country such as Australia, to understand and manage their tendencies to compromise or downgrade their career goals.
Feature analysis of precipitation-induced subgrade defects on a high-speed rail ballasted track using multiple track inspection data: A case study
Authors: Xiao Junhua , Bai Yingqi , Song Chengjie , Sun Siqi , Liu Xiaozhou 
Published: February 2024

Heavy rainfall has posed a great challenge to the service performance of high-speed rail (HSR) substructure, resulting in a reduction in the ride quality and safety of high-speed trains. To carry out proper repair work for the substructure, it is imperative to realize efficient identification of precipitation-induced subgrade defects. To this end, this paper aims to extract the features of typical precipitation-induced subgrade defects from the multiple track inspection data to provide a basis for defect identification. Firstly, the geotechnical site investigation including Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) detection, moisture content test, and dynamic cone penetration (DCP) test of a typical defective spot is performed to determine the condition of the subgrade after heavy rainfall; then, the analysis methods of track inspection data are introduced; finally, the track geometry data and carbody acceleration data of four typical defective sections are analyzed, and the time-domain, frequency-domain and discrete wavelet transform (DWT)-based features which are highly correlated with the precipitation-induced subgrade defects are extracted. The results show that the feature indexes extracted from track surface irregularity and carbody vertical acceleration increase significantly after heavy rainfall; the long wavelength components (8 m and above) of both track irregularity and carbody vibration are more sensitive to the subgrade defects, which is reflected by the sharp increase of the DWT-based features at some levels corresponding to long wavelength ranges. The results of defect feature extraction based on the track inspection data agree well with the geotechnical site investigation results, which demonstrate the feasibility of utilizing multiple track inspection data to identify the typical precipitation-induced subgrade defects.