bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The incentivized drug information services among community pharmacists: a multi-centre cross-sectional study in Indonesia
Authors: Bahar Muh. Akbar , Kausar Mersa N. , Khairunnisa Khairunnisa , Pradipta Ivan S. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background:
Community pharmacists should provide qualified drug information services for the rational use of medicine in community. However, there is no standard professional incentive for the service in Indonesia. This study aimed to assess drug information services with incentives and its associated factors among community pharmacists in Indonesia.

Method:
A multi-centre cross-sectional study was conducted among community pharmacists in Medan City, Bandung City, Bandung Regency, and Makassar City. A validated online self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data on pharmacists’ demographics, pharmacy characteristics, and drug information provision practices. Multivariate logistic regression was applied to identify factors associated with incentivized drug information services.

Results:
A total of 639 community pharmacists participated, with representation from Medan (21.9%), Bandung City (20.8%), Bandung Regency (26%), and Makassar (31.3%). Most respondents were female (79%) with a median age of 31 years (IQR: 9). Only 12% of pharmacists reported receiving incentives for providing drug information services. Factors significantly associated with receiving incentives included being male (OR: 2.04, 95% CI: 1.16–3.58), aged 20–30 years (OR: 3.25, 95% CI: 1.10–9.58), working over 40 hours per week (OR: 2.30, 95% CI: 1.16–4.58), working in a chain pharmacy (OR: 2.08, 95% CI: 1.18–3.67), and having an onsite physician practice (OR: 1.72, 95% CI: 1.04–2.85).

Conclusion:
Limited number of community pharmacists received an incentive for drug information services. The development of a remuneration system for drug information services can be considered to enhance the quality of pharmaceutical care services in the community setting.
Future Changes in Winter‐Time Extratropical Cyclones Over South Africa From CORDEX‐CORE Simulations
Authors: Chinta Sandeep , Schlosser C. Adam , Gao Xiang , Hodges Kevin 
Published: January 2025

AbstractExtratropical cyclones (ETCs) significantly impact mid‐latitude weather patterns and are crucial for understanding the societal implications of regional climate variability, climate change, and associated extreme weather. In this study, we examine the projected future changes in winter‐time ETCs over South Africa (SA) using simulations from CORDEX‐CORE Africa. We utilized three regional climate models, each driven by three different global climate models that simulate both the current climate and a future climate experiencing strong human‐induced warming. From these, we assess changes in ETC frequency, track density, intensity, storm severity, and associated rainfall. The results indicate a significant reduction in the aggregate ETC frequency and track density, although track density is projected to increase prominently along the western coastal regions. Models show mixed trends in cyclone intensity projections, but overall results indicate weaker future cyclones, with reduced peak relative vorticity and increased minimum sea level pressure. Examining the Meteorological Storm Severity Index reveals notable regional variations in future storm severity. Average rainfall associated with ETCs is projected to decrease across SA, especially around Cape Town, highlighting a potential shift in the spatial distribution of rainfall with substantial consequences for water supply. We further investigated extreme ETCs (EETCs) and found that the trends for EETCs are generally similar to those for ETCs, with a notable decrease in frequency and regional variations in storm severity. These findings underscore the importance of developing targeted adaptation strategies to address the projected impacts of future ETCs on SA's climate and communities.
Seismic Structure and Tectonics of the North‐Central Chilean Subduction Zone Along the Copiapó Ridge From Amphibious Seismic Refraction Tomography and Local Seismicity
Authors: Warwel A. , Lange D. , Dannowski A. , Contreras‐Reyes E. , Klaucke I. , Diaz‐Naveas J. , Moreno M. , Kopp H. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe Chilean margin is one of the Earth's tectonically most active plate boundaries, and yet, some of its segments are still underexplored. Here, we present amphibious data from the Copiapó region at ∼27°S located within the mature Atacama seismic gap. Combined 2D seismic refraction, multibeam bathymetry, and local seismicity data show a typical oceanic crust thickness of 6–7 km and seismic P‐wave velocities between 3.0 and 7.3 km/s with slightly lower velocities and increased thicknesses underneath the Copiapó Ridge seamounts. The latter is most likely due to predominantly extrusive formation. Elevated velocities underneath one of the seamounts indicate a local region of magmatic underplating, while bending‐related faults visible in the bathymetry and reduced mantle velocities near the trench suggest mantle hydration. The subduction angle of the down‐going Nazca plate smoothly increases from 12° below the marine forearc to 22° at greater depths (40–60 km) with no abrupt change in the dip angle as observed at ∼22°S. The local seismicity off‐ and onshore Copiapó shows three separated bands of earthquakes sub‐parallel to the down‐going plate, and are most likely related to the plate interface, the oceanic Moho and the Double Benioff Zone. The largest event (MW 5.9) during our observation period (December 2022–June 2023) and its aftershocks occurred in the deepest band ∼20 km below the subduction interface. Along the interface, seismicity is most pronounced in areas of high locking offshore, whereas areas of low locking are characterized by previously observed slow slip events and sparse seismicity.
The Role of Leaf Area Changes Within Plant CO2 Physiological Impacts on the Global Hydrological Cycle
Authors: Cordak Alana S. , Kooperman Gabriel J. , Zarakas Claire M. , Swann Abigail L. S. , Koven Charles D. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractRising atmospheric CO2 concentrations enhance greenhouse warming and drive changes to plant physiology, leading to innumerable climate impacts. This study explores the impacts of plant responses on hydrological cycling at 2x preindustrial CO2 concentrations by analyzing simulations that isolate plant physiological effects using the Community Earth System Model versions 1 and 2. We find that leaf area growth increases canopy evaporation, which offsets transpiration declines, and dampens changes in global mean evapotranspiration, precipitation, and runoff in a CESM2 experiment with dynamic leaf area. These leaf area impacts are also evident in the differences between CESM1 and CESM2, with CESM2 better capturing observed leaf area magnitudes but potentially overestimating leaf area‐CO2 sensitivity, highlighting the importance of plant CO2 physiology on hydrological cycle changes and the need to improve its representation in climate models.
Reliability of Matching AMPERE Field‐Aligned Current Boundaries With SuperDARN Lower Latitude Ionospheric Convection Boundaries During Geomagnetic Storms
Authors: Walach M.‐T. , Fogg A. R. , Coxon J. C. , Grocott A. , Milan S. E. , Sangha H. K. , McWilliams K. A. , Vines S. K. , Lester M. , Anderson B. J. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractHigh‐latitude ionospheric convection is a useful diagnostic of solar wind‐magnetosphere interactions and nightside activity in the magnetotail. For decades, the high‐latitude convection pattern has been mapped using the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN), a distribution of ground‐based radars which are capable of measuring line‐of‐sight (l‐o‐s) ionospheric flows. From the l‐o‐s measurements an estimate of the global convection can be obtained. As the SuperDARN coverage is not truly global, it is necessary to constrain the maps when the map fitting is performed. The lower latitude boundary of the convection, known as the Heppner‐Maynard boundary (HMB), provides one such constraint. In the standard SuperDARN fitting, the HMB location is determined directly from the data, but data gaps can make this challenging. In this study we evaluate if the HMB placement can be improved using data from the Active Magnetosphere and Planetary Electrodynamics Response Experiment (AMPERE), in particular for active time periods when the HMB moves to latitudes below . We find that the boundary as defined by SuperDARN and AMPERE are not always co‐located. SuperDARN performs better when the AMPERE currents are very weak (e.g., during non‐active times) and AMPERE can provide a boundary when there is no SuperDARN scatter. Using three geomagnetic storm events, we show that there is agreement between the SuperDARN and AMPERE boundaries but the SuperDARN‐derived convection boundary mostly lies equatorward of the AMPERE‐derived boundary. We find that disagreements primarily arise due to geometrical factors and a time lag in expansions and contractions of the patterns.
Miocene Construction of the High Andes Recorded by Exhumation of the Frontal Cordillera, La Ramada Massif of Western Argentina (32°S)
Authors: Howlett C. J. , Ronemus C. B. , Carrapa B. , DeCelles P. G. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe Frontal Cordillera is a first‐order geologic feature of the southern central Andes, hosting the highest hinterland topography above the modern Pampean flat‐slab segment. The timing of Frontal Cordillera exhumation is important for testing models of Andean tectonics, yet large latitudinal gaps exist between structural and thermochronological constraints for the region. We conducted a thermochronometric study using a 4.4 km age‐elevation transect along the northeast ridge of Cerro Mercedario, the highest peak in the La Ramada massif at ∼32°S. Zircon (U‐Th)/He dates indicate partial resetting, supporting a limited magnitude of exhumation in even the most extreme Andean topography. Single grain apatite (U‐Th‐Sm)/He dates range from 8.5 ± 0.9 to 35.8 ± 3.6 Ma, with median dates of ∼10.5 to ∼15.7 Ma with increasing elevation. Integrated with geologic mapping and thermal history modeling, these data suggest Early to Middle Miocene exhumation along the Santa Cruz and Espinacito faults concomitant with uplift of the La Ramada massif. New apatite helium data from the Cordillera del Tigre segment of the Frontal Cordillera are partially reset and preferred modeling interpretations suggest exhumation ca. 11–9 Ma, coeval with shortening in the eastward adjacent Precordillera. These data add to accumulating regional evidence for out‐of‐sequence deformation during the Miocene, consistent with internal (hinterland) growth of a subcritical orogenic wedge contemporaneous with surface uplift and crustal thickening in the south‐central Andes.
Free radicals and their impact on health and antioxidant defenses: a review
Authors: Chandimali Nisansala , Bak Seon Gyeong , Park Eun Hyun , Lim Hyung-Jin , Won Yeong-Seon , Kim Eun-Kyung , Park Sang-Ik , Lee Seung Jae 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Free radicals, characterized by the presence of unpaired electrons, are highly reactive species that play a significant role in human health. These molecules can be generated through various endogenous processes, such as mitochondrial respiration and immune cell activation, as well as exogenous sources, including radiation, pollution, and smoking. While free radicals are essential for certain physiological processes, such as cell signaling and immune defense, their overproduction can disrupt the delicate balance between oxidants and antioxidants, leading to oxidative stress. Oxidative stress results in the damage of critical biomolecules like DNA, proteins, and lipids, contributing to the pathogenesis of various diseases. Chronic conditions such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and inflammatory diseases have been strongly associated with the harmful effects of free radicals. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the characteristics and types of free radicals, their mechanisms of formation, and biological impacts. Additionally, we explore natural compounds and extracts studied for their antioxidant properties, offering potential therapeutic avenues for managing free radical-induced damage. Future research directions are also discussed to advance our understanding and treatment of free radical-associated diseases.
Ferroptosis induced by environmental pollutants and its health implications
Authors: Gong Fu-Han , Liu Liyuan , Wang Xuesheng , Xiang Qi , Yi Xin , Jiang Ding-Sheng 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Environmental pollution represents a significant public health concern, with the potential health risks associated with environmental pollutants receiving considerable attention over an extended period. In recent years, a substantial body of research has been dedicated to this topic. Since the discovery of ferroptosis, an iron-dependent programmed cell death typically characterized by lipid peroxidation, in 2012, there have been significant advances in the study of its role and mechanism in various diseases. A growing number of recent studies have also demonstrated the involvement of ferroptosis in the damage caused to the organism by environmental pollutants, and the molecular mechanisms involved have been partially elucidated. The targeting of ferroptosis has been demonstrated to be an effective means of ameliorating the health damage caused by PM2.5, organic and inorganic pollutants, and ionizing radiation. This review begins by providing a summary of the most recent and important advances in ferroptosis. It then proceeds to offer a critical analysis of the health effects and molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis induced by various environmental pollutants. Furthermore, as is the case with all rapidly evolving research areas, there are numerous unanswered questions and challenges pertaining to environmental pollutant-induced ferroptosis, which we discuss in this review in an attempt to provide some directions and clues for future research in this field.
Stable laser-acceleration of high-flux proton beams with plasma collimation
Authors: Streeter M. J. V. , Glenn G. D. , DiIorio S. , Treffert F. , Loughran B. , Ahmed H. , Astbury S. , Borghesi M. , Bourgeois N. , Curry C. B. , Dann S. J. D. , Dover N. P. , Dzelzainis T. , Ettlinger O. C. , Gauthier M. , Giuffrida L. , Glenzer S. H. , Gray R. J. , Green J. S. , Hicks G. S. , Hyland C. , Istokskaia V. , King M. , Margarone D. , McCusker O. , McKenna P. , Najmudin Z. , Parisuaña C. , Parsons P. , Spindloe C. , Symes D. R. , Thomas A. G. R. , Xu N. , Palmer C. A. J. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Laser-plasma acceleration of protons offers a compact, ultra-fast alternative to conventional acceleration techniques, and is being widely pursued for potential applications in medicine, industry and fundamental science. Creating a stable, collimated beam of protons at high repetition rates presents a key challenge. Here, we demonstrate the generation of multi-MeV proton beams from a fast-replenishing ambient-temperature liquid sheet. The beam has an unprecedentedly low divergence of 1° (≤20 mrad), resulting from magnetic self-guiding of the proton beam during propagation through a low density vapour. The proton beams, generated at a repetition rate of 5 Hz using only 190 mJ of laser energy, exhibit a hundred-fold increase in flux compared to beams from a solid target. Coupled with the high shot-to-shot stability of this source, this represents a crucial step towards applications.
“I’m living in a ‘no’ world now…”- A qualitative study of the widespread impact of living with chronic breathlessness, and experiences of identification and assessment of this symptom in an older, frail community-based population
Authors: Elliott-Button Helene L. , Johnson Miriam J. , Hutchinson Ann , Currow David C. , Clark Joseph 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Chronic breathlessness is a debilitating symptom with detrimental impact on individuals and carers. However, little is known about the experiences of community-dwelling, frail, older adults living with chronic breathlessness. To explore, (i) the psychological impact of living with chronic breathlessness, (older frail adult patients, carers) and (ii) how patients, carers, and clinicians experience identification and assessment of chronic breathlessness in the primary care setting. In-depth semi-structured interviews with eligible older adults (≥65 years; moderate to severe frailty [electronic Frailty Index >0.36]), and carers recruited from a community-based Integrated Care Centre in England. Clinicians were recruited from the Centre and affiliated GP practices. Recorded in-person interviews were transcribed and subjected to reflexive thematic analysis using Total Dyspnoea and Breathing Space conceptual frameworks. 20 patients (9 females), carers (4 spouses, 1 daughter), and clinicians (5 GPs, 3 advanced clinical practitioners, 2 nurses) were interviewed. Four themes were identified: (1) Widespread negative impact of chronic breathlessness. Breathlessness adversely impacts physical and psychological wellbeing. (2) Barriers to optimal health-seeking and identification of chronic breathlessness. Breathlessness is ‘one of many’ symptoms, and not prioritised in ‘one appointment, one problem’ consultations. Clinicians do not routinely ask about breathlessness. Patients are unaware of breathlessness-specific therapies. (3) Variations in chronic breathlessness management. Management is limited; few are offered evidence-based treatments (e.g., handheld fan) and patients find their own strategies. (4) Need for education and information. Clinicians felt helpless about breathlessness management, and patients lacked understanding and had low expectations of receiving help for this symptom. Breathlessness adversely impacts the psychological wellbeing of older frail adults. Chronic breathlessness in older, frail adults is invisible, unidentified and unmanaged in primary care. Evidence-based breathlessness interventions are available, but not routinely implemented with few patients accessing them. Proactive identification, assessment and management of breathlessness in primary care is needed to support adults living with chronic breathlessness.
A many-body quantum register for a spin qubit
Authors: Appel Martin Hayhurst , Ghorbal Alexander , Shofer Noah , Zaporski Leon , Manna Santanu , da Silva Saimon Filipe Covre , Haeusler Urs , Le Gall Claire , Rastelli Armando , Gangloff Dorian A. , Atatüre Mete 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Quantum networks require quantum nodes with coherent optical interfaces and several stationary qubits. In terms of optical properties, semiconductor quantum dots are highly compelling, but their adoption as quantum nodes has been impaired by the lack of auxiliary qubits. Here we demonstrate that the dense, always-present, nuclear spin ensemble surrounding a gallium arsenide quantum dot can be used as a functional quantum register. We prepared 13,000 host nuclear spins in a single many-body dark state that acts as a logical state of the register. A second logical state is defined as a single nuclear-magnon excitation, enabling controlled quantum-state transfer between an electron spin qubit in the quantum dot and the nuclear magnonic register. Using SWAP gates, we implemented a full write–store–retrieve-read-out protocol with 68.6(4)% raw overall fidelity and a storage time of 130(16) μs, which could be extended to 20 ms or beyond using dynamical decoupling techniques. Our work establishes how many-body physics can add functionality to quantum devices, in this case transforming quantum dots into multi-qubit quantum nodes with deterministic registers.
Integrative proteogenomic analysis identifies COL6A3-derived endotrophin as a mediator of the effect of obesity on coronary artery disease
Authors: Yoshiji Satoshi , Lu Tianyuan , Butler-Laporte Guillaume , Carrasco-Zanini-Sanchez Julia , Su Chen-Yang , Chen Yiheng , Liang Kevin , Willett Julian Daniel Sunday , Wang Shidong , Adra Darin , Ilboudo Yann , Sasako Takayoshi , Koyama Satoshi , Nakao Tetsushi , Forgetta Vincenzo , Farjoun Yossi , Zeberg Hugo , Zhou Sirui , Marks-Hultström Michael , Machiela Mitchell J. , Kaalia Rama , Dashti Hesam , Claussnitzer Melina , Flannick Jason , Wareham Nicholas J. , Mooser Vincent , Timpson Nicholas J. , Langenberg Claudia , Richards J. Brent 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Obesity strongly increases the risk of cardiometabolic diseases, yet the underlying mediators of this relationship are not fully understood. Given that obesity strongly influences circulating protein levels, we investigated proteins mediating the effects of obesity on coronary artery disease, stroke and type 2 diabetes. By integrating two-step proteome-wide Mendelian randomization, colocalization, epigenomics and single-cell RNA sequencing, we identified five mediators and prioritized collagen type VI α3 (COL6A3). COL6A3 levels were strongly increased by body mass index and increased coronary artery disease risk. Notably, the carboxyl terminus product of COL6A3, endotrophin, drove this effect. COL6A3 was highly expressed in disease-relevant cell types and tissues. Finally, we found that body fat reduction could reduce plasma levels of COL6A3-derived endotrophin, indicating a tractable way to modify endotrophin levels. In summary, we provide actionable insights into how circulating proteins mediate the effects of obesity on cardiometabolic diseases and prioritize endotrophin as a potential therapeutic target.
Dynamic soil columns simulate Arctic redox biogeochemistry and carbon release during changes in water saturation
Authors: Berns-Herrboldt Erin C. , O’Meara Teri A. , Herndon Elizabeth M. , Sulman Benjamin N. , Gu Baohua , Klingeman Dawn M. , Lowe Kenneth A. , Graham David E. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Thawing Arctic permafrost can induce hydrologic change and alter redox conditions, shifting the balance of soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition. There remains uncertainty about how soil saturation and redox transitions impact dissolved and gas phase carbon fluxes, and efforts to link hydrobiogeochemical processes to ecosystem-scale models are limited. This study evaluates SOM decomposition of Arctic tundra soils using column experiments, water chemistry measurements, microbial community analysis, and a PFLOTRAN reactive transport model. Soil columns from a thermokarst channel (TC) and an upland tundra (UC) were exposed to cycles of saturation and drainage, which controlled carbon emissions. During saturation, an outflow of dissolved organic carbon from the UC soil correlated with elevated reduced iron and decreased pH; during drainage, UC carbon dioxide fluxes were 70% higher than TC fluxes. Intermittent methane release was observed for TC, consistent with higher methanogen abundance. Slower drainage in the TC soil correlated with more subtle biogeochemical changes. PFLOTRAN simulations captured experimental trends in soil carbon fluxes, oxygen concentrations, and water contents. The model was then used to evaluate additional soil water drainage rates. This study emphasizes the importance of considering hydrologic change when evaluating and simulating SOM decomposition in dynamic Arctic tundra environments.