bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of microvascular dysfunction on myocardial fractional flow reserve after percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Tamita Koichi , Akasaka Takashi , Takagi Tsutomu , Yamamuro Atsushi , Yamabe Kenji , Katayama Minako , Morioka Shigefumi , Yoshida Kiyoshi 
Published: December 2002

AbstractFractional flow reserve (FFR) has emerged as a lesion‐specific index of the functional severity of coronary stenosis in patients with chronic coronary artery disease. As the coronary blood flow in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients with microvascular damage is restricted, the pressure drop across the stenosis during hyperemia may be smaller than expected. However, the effects of microvascular dysfunction on FFR in AMI patients remain undetermined. The study comprised 33 AMI patients who underwent coronary stenting within 12 hr of onset, and 15 patients with stable angina pectoris who underwent elective stenting. Assessment of the 48 lesions by means of intravascular ultrasound and pressure measurements after stenting showed that postinterventional FFR was higher in AMI than angina pectoris patients (0.95 ± 0.04 vs. 0.90 ± 0.04; P = 0.002), although there were no significant differences in intravascular ultrasound parameters. AMI patients were divided into two subgroups based on their postprocedural Thrombolysis on Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) flow grade (23 patients with TIMI 3 and 10 with TIMI 2). There were no differences in intravascular ultrasound parameters between the AMI subgroups, while FFR was greater in the patients with TIMI 2 than in those with TIMI 3 (0.98 ± 0.02 vs. 0.93 ± 0.05; P = 0.017). No significant correlation was found between FFR and intravascular ultrasound parameters in either AMI subgroup, while FFR of more than 0.94 was observed in all TIMI 2 cases independent of residual stenosis severity. We conclude that in patients with marked microvascular dysfunction, FFR may not be reliable for the assessment of coronary lesion severity and may underestimate coronary lesion severity. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;57:452–459. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Radial artery thrombosis, palmar arch systolic blood velocities, and chronic regional pain syndrome 1 following transradial cardiac catheterization
Authors: Papadimos Thomas J. , Hofmann James P. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThe transradial approach to cardiac catheterization is popular and safe, but prolonged, aggressive hemostatic compression at the access site may lead to vascular and/or neurologic complications, either transient or permanent. Rarely, chronic regional pain syndrome 1 (reflex sympathetic dystrophy) may occur. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;57:537–540. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Localization of neuropeptide Y1 receptor immunoreactivity in the rat retina and the synaptic connectivity of Y1 immunoreactive cells
Authors: D'Angelo Iona , Oh Su‐Ja , Chun Myung‐Hoon , Brecha Nicholas C. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractNeuropeptide Y (NPY), an inhibitory neuropeptide expressed by a moderately dense population of wide‐field amacrine cells in the rat retina, acts through multiple (Y1–y6) G‐protein–coupled receptors. This study determined the cellular localization of Y1 receptors and the synaptic connectivity of Y1 processes in the inner plexiform layer (IPL) of the rat retina. Specific Y1 immunoreactivity was localized to horizontal cell bodies in the distal inner nuclear layer and their processes in the outer plexiform layer. Immunoreactivity was also prominent in cell processes located in strata 2 and 4, and puncta in strata 4 and 5 of the IPL. Double‐label immunohistochemical experiments with calbindin, a horizontal cell marker, confirmed Y1 immunostaining in all horizontal cells. Double‐label immunohistochemical experiments, using antibodies to choline acetyltransferase and vesicular acetylcholine transporter to label cholinergic amacrine cell processes, demonstrated that Y1 immunoreactivity in strata 2 and 4 of the IPL was localized to cholinergic amacrine cell processes. Electron microscopic studies of the inner retina showed that Y1‐immunostained amacrine cell processes and puncta received synaptic inputs from unlabeled amacrine cell processes (65.2%) and bipolar cell axon terminals (34.8%). Y1‐immunoreactive amacrine cell processes most frequently formed synaptic outputs onto unlabeled amacrine cell processes (34.0%) and ganglion cell dendrites (54.1%). NPY immunoreactivity in the rat retina is distributed primarily to strata 1 and 5 of the IPL, and the present findings, thus, suggest that NPY acts in a paracrine manner on Y1 receptors to influence both horizontal and amacrine cells. J. Comp. Neurol. 454:373–382, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Relative distribution of synapses in the pulvinar nucleus of the cat: Implications regarding the “driver/modulator” theory of thalamic function
Authors: Wang Siting , Eisenback Michael A. , Bickford Martha E. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractTo provide a quantitative comparison of the synaptic organization of “first‐order” and “higher‐order” thalamic nuclei, we followed bias‐corrected sampling methods identical to a previous study of the cat dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN; Van Horn et al. [2000] J. Comp. Neurol. 416:509–520) to examine the distribution of terminal types within the cat pulvinar nucleus. We observed the following distribution of synaptic contacts: large terminals that contain loosely packed round vesicles (RL profiles), 3.5%; presynaptic profiles that contain densely packed pleomorphic vesicles (F1 profiles), 7.3%; profiles that could be both presynaptic and postsynaptic that contain loosely packed pleomorphic vesicles (F2 profiles), 5.0%; and small terminals that contain densely packed round vesicles (RS profiles), 84.2%. Postembedding immunocytochemistry for γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) was used to distinguish the postsynaptic targets as thalamocortical cells or interneurons. The distribution of synaptic contacts on thalamocortical cells was as follows: RL profiles, 2.1%; F1 profiles, 6.9%; F2 profiles, 5.4%; and RS profiles, 85.6%. The distribution of synaptic contacts on interneurons was as follows: RL profiles, 11.8%; F1 profiles, 9.7%; F2 profiles, 2.8%; and RS profiles, 75.6%. These distributions are similar to that found within the dLGN in that the RS inputs (the presumed “modulators”) far outnumber the RL inputs (the presumed “drivers”). However, in comparison to the dLGN, the pulvinar nucleus receives significantly fewer numbers of RL, F1, and F2 contacts and significantly higher numbers of RS contacts. Thus, the RS/RL synapse ratio in the pulvinar nucleus is 24:1, in contrast to the 5:1 RS/RL synapse ratio in the dLGN (Van Horn et al., 2000). In first‐order nuclei, the lower RS/RL synapse ratio may result in the transfer of visual information that is largely unmodified. In contrast, in higher‐order nuclei, the higher RS/RL synapse ratio may allow for a finer modulation of driving inputs. J. Comp. Neurol. 454:482–494, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Organization of the avian basal forebrain: Chemical anatomy in the parrot (Melopsittacus undulatus)
Authors: Roberts Todd Freeman , Hall William Sterling , Brauth Steven Earle 
Published: December 2002

AbstractHodological, electrophysiological, and ablation studies indicate a role for the basal forebrain in telencephalic vocal control; however, to date the organization of the basal forebrain has not been extensively studied in any nonmammal or nonhuman vocal learning species. To this end the chemical anatomy of the avian basal forebrain was investigated in a vocal learning parrot, the budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus). Immunological and histological stains, including choline acetyltransferase, acetylcholinesterase, tyrosine hydroxylase, dopamine and cAMP‐regulated phosphoprotein (DARPP)‐32, the calcium binding proteins calbindin D‐28k and parvalbumin, calcitonin gene‐related peptide, iron, substance P, methionine enkephalin, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphotase diaphorase, and arginine vasotocin were used in the present study. We conclude that the ventral paleostriatum (cf. Kitt and Brauth [1981] Neuroscience 6:1551–1566) and adjacent archistriatal regions can be subdivided into several distinct subareas that are chemically comparable to mammalian basal forebrain structures. The nucleus accumbens is histochemically separable into core and shell regions. The nucleus taeniae (TN) is theorized to be homologous to the medial amygdaloid nucleus. The archistriatum pars ventrolateralis (Avl; comparable to the pigeon archistriatum pars dorsalis) is theorized to be a possible homologue of the central amygdaloid nucleus. The TN and Avl are histochemically continuous with the medial aspects of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and the ventromedial striatum, forming an avian analogue of the extended amygdala. The apparent counterpart in budgerigars of the mammalian nucleus basalis of Meynert consists of a field of cholinergic neurons spanning the basal forebrain. The budgerigar septal region is theorized to be homologous as a field to the mammalian septum. Our results are discussed with regard to both the evolution of the basal forebrain and its role in vocal learning processes. J. Comp. Neurol. 454:383–408, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nonstationary weak limit of a stationary harmonic map sequence
Authors: Ding Weiyue , Li Jiayu , Li Wei 
Published: December 2002

AbstractLet M and N be two compact Riemannian manifolds. Let uk be a sequence of stationary harmonic maps from M to N with bounded energies. We may assume that it converges weakly to a weakly harmonic map u in H1,2 (M, N) as k → ∞. In this paper, we construct an example to show that the limit map u may not be stationary. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
C1, 1 Regularity in semilinear elliptic problems
Authors: Shahgholian Henrik 
Published: December 2002

AbstractIn this paper we give an astonishingly simple proof of C1, 1 regularity in elliptic theory. Our technique yields both new simple proofs of old results as well as new optical results.The setting we'll consider is the following. Let u be a solution to

where B, is the unit ball in ℝn, f(x, t) is a bounded Lipschitz function in x, and ft′ is bounded from below. Then we prove that u ⊇ C1, 1 (B1/2). Our method is a simple corollary to a recent monotonicity argument due to Caffarelli, Jerison, and Kenig. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Therapist features in sexual offender treatment: their reliable identification and influence on behaviour change
Authors: Marshall W. L. , Serran G. , Moulden H. , Mulloy R. , Fernandez Y. M. , Mann R. , Thornton D. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractIn the first of the two studies reported here, we established that trained judges could reliably identify 18 therapist features that occurred with reasonable frequency. In the second study 17 of these features were examined to determine how well they related to changes in sexual offenders with treatment. Five videotapes from each of five different prison programs were rated for the presence of these 17 features and correlational analyses examined their relationship with changes in 44 measures of treatment targets. The primary findings indicated that empathy and warmth displayed by the therapists and their directive and rewarding behaviours, were the features that most strongly predicted therapeutic benefits. The results are discussed in terms of their clinical and research implications. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of two density gradient centrifugation systems for the enrichment of disseminated tumor cells in blood
Authors: Rosenberg R. , Gertler R. , Friederichs J. , Fuehrer K. , Dahm M. , Phelps R. , Thorban S. , Nekarda H. , Siewert J. R. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractBackgroundThe detection of disseminated tumor cells in peripheral blood is limited by the presence of very few tumor cells within a large number of blood cells. Therefore, tumor cell detection calls for enrichment systems with effective depletion of blood cells and high tumor cell recovery.MethodsWe compared the new density gradient centrifugation method OncoQuick with the standard method of Ficoll. The enriched cell fractions were quantified. Tumor cell spiking experiments examined the recovery of tumor cells as detected by immunocytochemistry and cytokeratin‐20 reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). Clinical application of OncoQuick was evaluated in 37 peripheral blood samples of patients with gastrointestinal carcinomas.ResultsThe depletion of mononuclear cells (MNCs) in the enriched cell fraction after OncoQuick centrifugation was 632‐fold, with an average cell number of 9.5 × 104, compared with Ficoll, with a depletion factor of 3.8 and a mean number of 1.6 × 107 MNCs. The mean tumor cell recovery rates were 87% for OncoQuick and 84% for Ficoll. The increased depletion of MNCs with OncoQuick centrifugation further simplified immunocytochemical evaluation by reducing the number of cytospins and increasing the tumor cell density. Due to the reduced number of co‐enriched MNCs by OncoQuick, the blood volume, which could be analyzed in one RT‐PCR reaction, was increased up to 30 ml. Examination of peripheral blood samples from 37 patients with gastrointestinal tumors showed a cytokeratin‐20 detection rate of 30% and a significant correlation with the presence of distant metastases (P < 0.02).ConclusionsOncoQuick significantly reduced the co‐enriched number of MNCs, with a high tumor cell recovery rate. Processing blood from tumor patients with OncoQuick increased the chance of detecting circulating tumor cells. Cytometry 49:150–158, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Static magnetic fields affect calcium fluxes and inhibit stress‐induced apoptosis in human glioblastoma cells
Authors: Teodori Laura , Göhde Wolfgang , Valente Maria Giovanna , Tagliaferri Fausto , Coletti Dario , Perniconi Barbara , Bergamaschi Antonio , Cerella Claudia , Ghibelli Lina 
Published: December 2002

AbstractBackgroundEpidemiologic data revealed increased brain tumor incidence in workers exposed to magnetic fields (MFs), raising concerns about the possible link between MF exposure and cancer. However, MFs seem to be neither mutagenic nor tumorigenic. The mechanism of their tumorigenic effect has not been elucidated.MethodsTo evaluate the interference of MFs with physical (heat shock, HS) and chemical (etoposide, VP16) induced apoptoses, respectively, we exposed a human glioblastoma primary culture to 6 mT static MF. We investigated cytosolic Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) fluxes and extent of apoptosis as key endpoints. The effect of MFs on HS‐ and VP16‐induced apoptoses in primary glioblastoma cultures from four patients was also tested.ResultsStatic MFs increased the [Ca2+]i from a basal value of 124 ± 4 nM to 233 ± 43 nM (P < 0.05). MF exposure dramatically reduced the extent of HS‐ and VP16‐induced apoptoses in all four glioblastoma primary cultures analyzed by 56% (range, 28–87%) and 44% (range, 38–48%), respectively. However, MF alone did not exert any apoptogenic activity. Differences were observed across the four cultures with regard to apoptotic induction by HS and VP16 and to MF apoptotic reduction, with an individual variability with regard to apoptotic sensitivity.ConclusionThe ability of static MFs to reduce the extent of damage‐induced apoptosis in glioblastoma cells might allow the survival of damaged and possibly mutated cells. Cytometry 49:143–149, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Separation of live cells in different phases of the cell cycle for gene expression analysis
Authors: Juan Gloria , Hernando Eva , Cordon‐Cardo Carlos 
Published: December 2002

AbstractBackgroundHomogeneity of cell populations is a basic requirement for gene expression analyses of the cell cycle, such as those based on microarrays. The most common approach to obtain specific populations is the use of synchronization methods that increase the number of cells representing a certain cell cycle stage. On the one hand, conventional synchronization usually causes undesirable effects. On the other hand, cell separation methods may imply loss of RNA quality, another limiting factor for expression profiling. We describe a new strategy to specifically separate live cells in different phases of the cell cycle (G1and G2/M) to obtain good quality RNA for gene expression analyses.MethodsThe experimental design included sorting G1and G2/M cells with the vital fluorochrome Hoechst 33342, followed by RNA isolation from the sorted cells.ResultsSorted living G1and G2/M cells, analyzed by immunocytochemistry and laser scanning cytometry, showed strong enrichment. The quality and specificity of the isolated RNA were demonstrated by northern blot.ConclusionsThis new approach has many potential applications, such as expression profiling of specific cell populations after eliminating the irrelevant data produced by cells in other stages of the cycle. Cytometry 49:170–175, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Design and implementation of algorithms for focus automation in digital imaging time‐lapse microscopy
Authors: LeSage Allan J. , Kron Stephen J. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractBackgroundDigital time‐lapse microscopy using Nomarski‐DIC requires that an autofocusing system adapt to changes in cell shape, size, and position while contending with drift, noise, and hysteresis in the microscope and imager. We have designed and implemented an autofocusing system that tracks subjects under dynamic conditions and maintains focus within a threshold of discriminability.MethodsWith the use of proven and novel algorithms for autofocusing in Nomarski, we performed “virtual” experiments on recorded image stacks to simulate drift and sudden displacements and test the search algorithm response.ResultsWe found that combining a simple [1, −1] contrast function with an adaptive “warmer–colder” focusing algorithm yields a reasonable compromise between focusing precision and noise tolerance. This method was implemented to record growth kinetics of yeast cells in single and multiple fields of view over several hours.ConclusionsWe have implemented a robust digital autofocus that maintains focus on optically complex samples imaged at high resolution. The tolerance of this system of drift and vibration suggests that it is a practical system for time‐lapse imaging in many biological applications. Cytometry 49:159–169, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genetic and genomic tools for Xenopus research: The NIH Xenopus initiative
Authors: Klein Steven L. , Strausberg Robert L. , Wagner Lukas , Pontius Joan , Clifton Sandra W. , Richardson Paul 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThe NIH Xenopus Initiative is establishing many of the genetic and genomic resources that have been recommended by the Xenopus research community. These resources include cDNA libraries, expressed sequence tags, full‐length cDNA sequences, genomic libraries, pilot projects to mutagenize and phenotype X. tropicalis, and sequencing the X. tropicalis genome. This review describes the status of these projects and explains how to access their data and resources. Current information about these activities is available on the NIH Xenopus Web site (http://www.nih.gov/science/models/xenopus/). Published 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Distinctive gene profiles occur at key points during natural metamorphosis in the Xenopus laevis tadpole tail
Authors: Veldhoen Nik , Crump Doug , Werry Kate , Helbing Caren C. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThyroid hormones (THs) are essential for tadpole metamorphosis into a juvenile frog; however, a complex interplay between additional hormones and signaling events also contributes to this dramatic developmental phase. A major mechanism of TH action is the nuclear receptor‐mediated regulation of gene transcription of responsive genes. By using the precocious metamorphic model, several genes have been identified as TH responsive in the regressing tail. Many of these genes also exhibit altered expression during natural metamorphosis. Although identification of these genes provides insight into the mechanism whereby TH acts, complex interplay between TH and other hormones and the developmental stage‐dependency of tissue responses contribute to the timing and coordination of metamorphic events. We investigated the temporal gene expression profile in Xenopus laevis tadpole tails from premetamorphosis through metamorphic climax by using a combination of a novel frog cDNA array containing 420 genes and quantitative real‐time PCR. Seventy‐nine genes were identified whose steady‐state mRNA expression levels were altered in the tadpole tail during natural metamorphosis, of which 34 have previously been identified to be TH responsive in frogs or mammals. Of these genes, 75 clustered into 13 groups that displayed distinct developmental expression profiles. The levels of 28 transcripts were altered during premetamorphosis, 31 during prometamorphosis, and 43 with the onset of tail regression. This work establishes an important baseline for determining the mechanisms whereby tissues undergo differing metamorphic fates. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Regulation of the Lim‐1 gene is mediated through conserved FAST‐1/FoxH1 sites in the first intron
Authors: Watanabe Minoru , Rebbert Martha L. , Andreazzoli Massimiliano , Takahashi Nobuhiro , Toyama Reiko , Zimmerman Steven , Whitman Malcolm , Dawid Igor B. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThe Lim‐1 gene encodes a LIM‐homeodomain transcription factor that is highly conserved among vertebrates and is required for successful gastrulation and head formation. The expression of this gene in the mesoderm of the gastrula is known to require an activin/nodal signal. Earlier studies have shown that the Xenopus Lim‐1 (Xlim‐1) gene contains an activin response element (ARE) in its first intron, which cooperates with an activin‐unresponsive upstream promoter in the regulation of the gene. Here, we show that the Xlim‐1 ARE contains a cluster of FAST‐1/FoxH1 and Smad4 recognition sites; such sites have been shown to mediate activin/nodal responses in other genes. By using reporter constructs with mutated FAST‐1/FoxH1 sites and FAST‐1/FoxH1 protein chimeras, we show that the regulation of Xlim‐1 by activin depends on FAST‐1/FoxH1 function. Comparative studies on the zebrafish lim1 gene indicate the presence of FoxH1 sites in the first intron of this gene and provide evidence for the requirement for FoxH1 function in its regulation. These results illuminate the conserved nature of the transcriptional regulation of the Lim‐1 gene in different vertebrate animals. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Revisions to the Xenopus gastrula fate map: Implications for mesoderm induction and patterning
Authors: Kumano Gaku , Smith William C. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractA revised fate map of the gastrula Xenopus embryo predicts the existence of patterning mechanisms that operate within the animal/vegetal axis of the mesoderm‐forming marginal zone. We review here molecular and embryologic data that demonstrate that such mechanisms are present and that they operate independently of the Spemann organizer. Evidence suggests that polarized fibroblast growth factor activity in the animal/vegetal axis patterns this axis. We present a model of mesoderm induction and patterning that integrates the new data on Spemann organizer‐independent animal/vegetal patterning with data on other inductive pathways known to act on the gastrula marginal zone. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.