bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bibliometric analysis of hot literature on neural circuit research
Authors: Du Ruo‐Lan , Mauki David H. , Zuo Zong‐Fu 
Published: December 2023

AbstractNumerous brain diseases have been attributed to abnormalities in the connections of neural circuits. Exploration of neural circuits may give enlightenment in treating some intractable brain diseases. Here, we screened all publications on neural circuits in the Web of Science database from 2007 to 2022 and analyzed the research trends through VOSviewer, CiteSpace, Microsoft Excel 2019, and Origin. The findings revealed a consistent upward trend in research on neural circuits during this period. The United States emerged as the leading contributor, followed by China and Japan. Among the top 10 institutions with the largest number of publications, both the United States and China have a strong presence. Notably, the Chinese Academy of Sciences demonstrated the highest publication output, closely followed by Stanford University. In terms of influential authors, Karl Deisseroth stood out as one of the most prominent investigators. During this period, the majority of publications and citations on neural circuit research were found in highly influential journals including NEURON, NATURE JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE, and so forth. Keyword clustering analysis highlighted the increasing focus on neural circuits and photogenetics in neuroscience research, and the reconstruction of neural circuits has emerged as a crucial research direction in brain science. In conclusion, over the past 15 years, the increasing high‐quality publications have facilitated research development of neural circuits, indicating a promising prospect for investigations on neurological and psychiatric diseases.
High‐throughput sequencing reveals the change of TCR α chain CDR3 with Takayasu arteritis
Authors: Zha Bowen , Pan Lili , Gao Na 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectiveTakayasu arteritis (TAK) is an inflammatory disease of blood vessels, and its pathogenesis is not clear at present. In this study, we explored the immunological characteristics of T cell receptor (TCR) α‐chain complementarity‐determining region 3 (CDR3) in patients with TAK.MethodsFive untreated patients with TAK were collected from June 2019 to December 2019. Four healthy blood samples were matched as the control group. The blood mononuclear cells were separated, and RNA was extracted for reverse transcription to obtain complementary DNA. Then high‐throughput sequencing was performed. The quality of samples was evaluated by principal component analysis. We compared the diversity and expression of TCR α‐chain between TAK group and control group. R software was used for statistical analysis and drawing, and Mann–Whitney U test was used to analyze the differences between the two groups.ResultsThe results showed that there was a significant difference in the diversity of TCR α‐chain CDR3 between the two groups. Three V region genes expression significantly higher in the TAK patients than in the control group. A total of 196 VJ rearrangement genes are significantly different between the two groups, of which 149 rearrangement genes in the TAK group are lower than those in the control group, and 47 rearrangement genes in the TAK group are higher than those in the control group.ConclusionPatients with TAK have a unique TCR α‐chain CDR3 library. These characteristic genes may be a marker for early diagnosis and provide a new theoretical basis for treating TAK.
A Nonsystematic Review of the Features of Pharmacotherapy in the Elderly at the Stage of Taking Medications
Authors: Yermukhanova Lyudmila , Kimatova Kerbez , Nazarbayeva Rysty , Dostanova Zhanar , Aimbetova Gulshara 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe human body is subservient to the age‐related changes that affect not only the outer appearance but also organs and tissues. They also concern the processes of pharmacokinetics and dynamics. This means that the absorption, distribution, and metabolism of drugs used by an elderly patient will be slowed down. Therefore, it becomes necessary to prescribe a special dosing regimen for older people. An actual problem is also that, with age, many patients require more drugs than young people. This increases the risk of side effects because many drugs are difficult to combine with each other. Pharmacy of our time is a science that is constantly developing and modernizing, which allows changing therapy for the better: prescribing drugs in smaller quantities, with a smaller range of adverse reactions and a better effect. The aim of the work is to analyze the impact and relationship of older age on the pharmacotherapy of patients, as well as the risks of drug‐induced diseases. To carry out this work, such research methods as analysis, synthesis, comparative analysis, classification, analogy, abstraction, induction, and generalization were used. The features of the stages of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in the elderly were considered; we studied the data of clinical studies and literature in geriatrics; and the effects of a combination or increase in the dosage of drugs have been noted. After the collection of research data and the analysis, it turned out that it is real and necessary to avoid the negative consequences of pharmacotherapy in elderly and senile patients. Considering the natural age‐related changes in the condition and functioning of organs and systems, constantly monitoring the effectiveness of drugs and undesirable reactions of the body to them, adjusting treatment protocols will have a favorable result and help optimize pharmacotherapy for the elderly and reduce the risk of side effects and diseases caused by medications.
The temporal structure of goal‐directed and habitual operant behavior
Authors: Thrailkill Eric A. , Daniels Carter W. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractOperant behavior can reflect the influence of goal‐directed and habitual processes. These can be distinguished by changes to response rate following devaluation of the reinforcing outcome. Whether a response is goal directed or habitual depends on whether devaluation affects response rate. Response rate can be decomposed into frequencies of bouts and pauses by analyzing the distribution of interresponse times. This study sought to characterize goal‐directed and habitual behaviors in terms of bout‐initiation rate, within‐bout response rate, bout length, and bout duration. Data were taken from three published studies that compared sensitivity to devaluation following brief and extended training with variable‐interval schedules. Analyses focused on goal‐directed and habitual responding, a comparison of a habitual response to a similarly trained response that had been converted back to goal‐directed status after a surprising event, and a demonstration of contextual control of habit and goal direction in the same subjects. Across experiments and despite responses being clearly distinguished as goal directed and habitual by total response rate, analyses of bout‐initiation rate, within‐bout rate, bout length, and bout duration did not reveal a pattern that distinguished goal‐directed from habitual responding.
Effect of transglutaminase on ovalbumin emulsion gels as carriers of encapsulated probiotic bacteria
Authors: Tian Yujuan , Wang Shurui , Li Tianyun , Lv Jiran , Zhang Xianli , Oh Deog‐Hwan , Fu Xing 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe use of emulsion gels to protect and deliver probiotics has become an important topic in the food industry. This study used transglutaminase (TGase) to regulate ovalbumin (OVA) to prepare a novel emulsion gel. The effects of OVA concentration and the addition of TGase on the microstructure, rheological properties, water‐holding capacity, and stability of the emulsion gels were investigated.RESULTSWith the addition of TGase and the increasing OVA, the particle size of the emulsion gels decreased significantly (P < 0.05). The gels with TGase exhibited greater water holding, hardness, and chewiness to some extent by forming a more uniform and stable system. After simulated digestion, the survival rate of Bifidobacterium lactis embedded in OVA emulsion gels improved significantly in comparison with the oil–water mixture as a result of the protective effect of the emulsion gel encapsulation.CONCLUSIONBy increasing the OVA content and adding TGase, the rheological characteristics, stability, and encapsulation capability of the OVA emulsion gel could be enhanced, providing a theoretical basis for the use of emulsion gels to construct probiotic delivery systems. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Sonographic Findings of Cervical Chondrocutaneous Branchial Remnants—A Comparison With Dermal Lesions/Cysts and a Literature Review
Authors: Hosokawa Takahiro , Tanami Yutaka , Sato Yumiko , Adachi Nodoka , Asanuma Hiroshi , Oguma Eiji 
Published: December 2023

ObjectivesCervical chondrocutaneous branchial remnants (CCBRs) and dermal lesions, such as epidermoid cysts or brachial anomalies, including lateral cervical cysts/sinuses or dermal sinuses of anterior chest lesions, are usually located at the lower neck at the anterior or posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM). We aimed to demonstrate the usefulness of ultrasonography in the differential diagnosis and evaluation of CCBRs.MethodsWe evaluated 22 lesions of 20 pediatric patients, classified into CCBR and dermal lesion groups. We used Fisher's exact test to evaluate differences between these groups in terms of lesion shape (low‐echoic mass‐ or tubular‐like), whether the lesion was adjacent to/in contact with the SCM or not, and the presence or absence of a concave SCM caused by the lesion.ResultsOf the 22 lesions, 8 were CCBRs, and 14 were dermal lesions. We found a significant difference in the presence/absence of adjacency to or contact with the SCM (presence/absence of adjacency to or contact with the SCM in CCBRs vs that in dermal lesions: 6/2 vs 1/13, P = .002) and presence/absence of lesion‐induced concavity of the SCM (presence/absence of lesion‐induced concavity of the SCM in CCBRs vs that in dermal lesions: 3/5 vs 0/14, P = .036). The lesion shape (low‐echoic mass‐like/tubular‐like lesions) did not significantly differ between the two study groups (low‐echoic mass‐like/tubular‐like lesions in CCBRs vs that in dermal lesions: 5/3 vs 11/6, P = .624).ConclusionsCCBRs have a strong association with the SCM. These sonographic findings may be useful in the differential diagnosis of dermal cervical lesions.
Do Swimming Animals Mix the Ocean?
Authors: Dabiri John O. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe world's oceans are in constant motion, transporting the sun's heat from the equator to the poles, bringing marine life fresh supplies of oxygen and nutrients, and sequestering nearly half of our carbon dioxide emissions since the Industrial Revolution. Within this dynamic aquatic milieu exists another type of motion: the perpetual teeming of trillions of swimming animals. Are these organisms simply along for the ride, carried by the prevailing ocean currents and occasionally using their powers of locomotion to explore their surroundings; or could their propulsion result in dynamical feedbacks that influence the physical and biogeochemical structure of the ocean itself?
A Visible Light Responsive Smart Covalent Organic Framework with a Bridged Azobenzene Backbone
Authors: Qiang Liang , Bai Hao , Li Xin‐yi , Yang Hai‐lin , Gong Cheng‐bin , Tang Qian 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCondensation of 3,3′‐diamino‐2,2′‐ethylene‐bridged azobenzene with 1,2,4,5‐tetrakis‐(4‐formylphenyl) benzene produces a visible light responsive porous 2D covalent organic framework, COF‐bAzo‐TFPB, with a large surface area, good crystallinity, and thermal and chemical stability. The results demonstrate that the elaborated designed linker can make azo unit on the COF‐bAzo‐TFPB skeleton undergo reversible photoisomerization. This work expands the application scope of covalent organic frameworks in photo‐controlled release, uptake of guest molecules, dynamic photoswitching, and UV‐sensitive functions.
Mediterranean diet intervention among World Trade Center responders with post‐traumatic stress disorder: Feasibility and outcomes of a pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: Arcan Chrisa , Hou Wei , Hoffman Kathryn , Reichardt Amanda , Yang Xiaohua , Clouston Sean A. P. , Bromet Evelyn J. , Luft Benjamin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectiveResponders of the World Trade Center (WTC) disaster suffer from co‐morbidities. A Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) nutrition intervention with physical activity was implemented among WTC responders with overweight/obesity and post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).MethodsWTC Health Program members (N = 62), 45–65 years, males 87%, body mass index (BMI) 27–45 kg/m2 randomized to MedDiet (n = 31) or usual nutrition counseling (n = 31). The 10‐week intervention included online nutrition education, text messages, and group experiential cooking; both groups had three in‐person individual nutrition counseling. Anthropometrics, serum biomarkers, psychosocial factors, MedDiet score, and PTSD symptoms were assessed at baseline, post‐intervention, and 3‐months (follow‐up). The primary outcome was intervention feasibility and secondary outcomes were within‐ and between‐group changes of all measures at post‐intervention and follow‐up. Nonparametric Wilcoxon rank sum tests for between‐group comparisons and Wilcoxon signed rank tests for pre‐post within‐group comparisons.ResultsA total of 58(94%) and 46(74%) participants completed the post‐intervention and follow‐up measurements, respectively. Both groups experienced significant improvements in anthropometrics, MedDiet score, oxidized low‐density lipoprotein, and PTSD symptoms. Baseline median (range) were weight 100.42 (73.66–135.17) kg, BMI 33.20 (27.50–41.75) kg/m2, and Waist circumference (WC) 109.22 (90.17–150.62) cm. Median % weight loss at post‐intervention was MedDiet: −3% (−11%–7%), p = 0.0002; Control: −1% (−13%–4%), p = 0.008 and at follow‐up MedDiet: −2% (−14%–12%), p = 0.07; Control: −2% (−20%–3%), p = 0.006. The overall BMI was reduced by −0.68 kg/m2 (−4.61–2.09) kg/m2 p < 0.0001 at post‐intervention and by −0.60 kg/m2 (−6.91–3.39) kg/m2, p < 0.0009 at follow‐up. Overall, median WC was reduced (p < 0.0001); post‐intervention −3.81 cm (−33.00–3.30)cm and follow‐up −4.45(−38.10–4.57)cm. There were group differences in HbA1c (p = 0.019) and serum ω6/ω3 (p = 0.029) at post‐intervention.ConclusionOnline intervention with personal counseling was feasible in this population. Improvements in anthropometrics, MedDiet score, selected serum biomarkers and PTSD symptoms were found in both groups; group differences in HbA1c and serum ω6/ω3. A larger study with a delayed control is needed to better assess intervention effects.
A phase‐field model for hydrogen‐promoted fracture based on a mixed rate‐type variational setting
Authors: Diddige Vikas , Seupel Andreas , Roth Stephan , Kiefer Bjoern 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCertain metals experience a substantial deterioration in mechanical properties when exposed to a hydrogen environment, an effect termed hydrogen embrittlement. To understand, predict, and counteract this hydrogen‐assisted material degradation, sufficiently accurate material models are needed. According to the current hypothesis, hydrogen diffusion is driven by gradients of concentration and hydrostatic stress. To capture this, a phase‐field model is formulated as a multi‐field problem coupling deformation, crack propagation, and diffusion to analyze hydrogen‐promoted fracture. Here, the displacements, a fracture‐related phase‐field, the hydrogen lattice occupancy, and the chemical potential are considered as primary field variables. Approaches proposed in the literature often use an extrapolation of the hydrostatic stress calculated at the material point level onto the nodes and later use the B‐matrix to compute the gradient of hydrostatic stress. In order to circumvent this potentially inaccurate extrapolation, the model is recast into a mixed rate‐type variational setting, where the chemical potential—whose gradient governs the hydrogen flux—is obtained from the numerical solution of a saddle point problem. A representative boundary value problem is presented to demonstrate the applicability of the developed numerical framework.
Fabrication of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNT) and Reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO)‐based thermoplastic polyurethane and polypyrrole nanocomposites for electromagnetic wave absorption application with a low reflection
Authors: Acharya Swatee , Swain Lopa Mudra , Samal Ritu Roumya , Parashar S. K. S. , Sahoo Bibhu Prasad 
Published: December 2023

AbstractElectromagnetic radiation (EMR) pollution is a serious concern in today's environment, causing problems not just for electronic gadgets but also for living society. The goal of this research is to fabricate thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and polypyrrole (PPy)‐based 95:5 blend nanocomposites using a simple solvent casting method at such a low concentration of rGO and MWCNT (0.3, 0.4, 0.5 php) (parts per hundred polymers), for electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption applications. The chemical interaction between the different phases and morphology of the nanocomposites is characterized by Raman spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) techniques. The material properties, such as dielectric and magnetic properties, are analyzed in X‐band frequency (8.2–12.4 GHz). The total shielding effectiveness of (SETot) 0.5 rGO system is found to be 27 dB, whereas, for corresponding MWCNT nanocomposites, it is 26 dB. Interestingly, in 0.5 rGO nanocomposites, absorption shielding effectiveness (SEAbs) is approximately 25 dB, and reflection shielding effectiveness (SERef) is less than 2 dB, which indicates the absorption of 70% of the electromagnetic wave, and the rest gets reflected. Apart from that, the rGO‐based nanocomposites possess a greater extent of thermal stability than the corresponding MWCNT‐based nanocomposites.Highlights
Fabrication of TPU‐PPy‐rGO and TPU‐PPy‐MWCNT nanocomposites by solvent casting.
Low reflection of TPU‐PPy‐rGO nanocomposites with a 70% absorption rate.
FESEM confirms the multilayer interface structures.
Tunable Dielectric and magnetic properties of nanocomposites in X‐band.
Excellent absorption dominant properties of the fabricated nanocomposites.
Preparation, testing, and design of a radar‐absorption polymethacrylimide foam
Authors: Song Shijun , Yuan Jie , Duan Rongxia , Xiong Chao , Yin Junhui , Zhao Fang , Han Chao , Yang Zhaoshu , Liu Lei 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis article presents a new radar‐absorbing polymethacrylimide (RAPMI) foam, measures the electromagnetic (EM) parameters of the foam, and establishes mechanical prediction models. The reflection loss (RL) curves of foams with different thicknesses and absorbent weight ratios (wt%) were analyzed along with the shear and compression behaviors of the RAPMI foam. Gibson models of the RAPMI foam were then established. The parametric effects of the absorption performance of multilayered RAPMI foams were analyzed using multimedia transmission‐line theory. A numerically designed RAPMI foam exhibited excellent EM performance while retaining the outstanding mechanical properties of the original foam. The laminated foam can theoretically achieve a full‐band effective absorption (RL ≤ −10 dB) of 2–18 GHz with a minimal thickness of 33.1 mm.
Clinical features associated with pulmonary exacerbation diagnosis in infants and young children with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Corcoran Aoife , Faig Walter , Ren Clement L. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractRationaleDiagnosing cystic fibrosis (CF) pulmonary exacerbations (PEx) in very young people with CF <3 years (VY‐PwCF) is challenging because of the frequency of respiratory viral infections in this age group, and there are limited data on the clinical features associated with the diagnosis of PEx in this age group. The goal of this study was to identify clinical features associated with the diagnosis of PEx in VY‐PwCF.MethodsWe reviewed the medical records of VY‐PwCF followed at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia born between 2013 and 2019. We collected data from all encounters with respiratory symptoms. PEx was defined by treatment with oral or intravenous antibiotics. Clinical features of PEx and non‐PEx encounters were compared using descriptive statistics, and odds ratios of PEx diagnosis were calculated.ResultsA total of 78 patients were included in the analysis. The mean (SD) number of PEx per patient was 6.17 (5.88). The presence of a wet or nighttime cough and symptoms >3 days in duration were significantly associated with PEx diagnosis (p < .001). In contrast, symptoms such as sore throat or rhinorrhea were not associated with a higher likelihood of PEx.ConclusionsThe presence of a wet or night‐time cough and longer symptom duration are common features of PEx in VY‐PwCF, whereas symptoms suggestive of upper respiratory viral infection are not. Our results will be helpful in counseling families of VY‐PwCF in the signs and symptoms of PEx and in planning future research in PEx in this age group.
Residues within the LptC transmembrane helix are critical for Escherichia coliLptB2FG ATPase regulation
Authors: Cina Nicholas P. , Frank Dara W. , Klug Candice S. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractLipopolysaccharide (LPS) synthesis in Gram‐negative bacteria is completed at the outer leaflet of the inner membrane (IM). Following synthesis, seven LPS transport (Lpt) proteins facilitate the movement of LPS to the outer membrane (OM), an essential process that if disrupted at any stage has lethal effects on bacterial viability. LptB2FG, the IM component of the Lpt bridge system, is a type VI ABC transporter that provides the driving force for LPS extraction from the IM and subsequent transport across a stable protein bridge to the outer leaflet of the OM. LptC is a periplasmic protein anchored to the IM by a single transmembrane (TM) helix intercalating within the lateral gate formed by LptF TM5 and LptG TM1. LptC facilitates the hand‐off of LPS from LptB2FG to the periplasmic protein LptA and has been shown to regulate the ATPase activity of LptB2FG. Here, using an engineered chromosomal knockout system in Escherichia coli to assess the effects of LptC mutations in vivo, we identified six partial loss of function LptC mutations in the first unbiased alanine screen of this essential protein. To investigate the functional effects of these mutations, nanoDSF (differential scanning fluorimetry) and site‐directed spin labeling (SDSL) electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy in combination with an in vitro ATPase assay show that specific residues in the TM helix of LptC destabilize the LptB2FGC complex and regulate the ATPase activity of LptB.