bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the readability of recruitment materials in veterinary clinical research
Authors: McKenna Charly , Quigley Mindy , Webb Tracy L. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundOwner comprehension is vital to recruitment and study success, but limited information exists regarding the readability of public‐facing veterinary clinical trial descriptions.ObjectivesThe current study sought to evaluate the readability of public‐facing online veterinary clinical trial descriptions from academic institutions and private referral practices.AnimalsNone.MethodsThis prospective study assessed readability in a convenience sample of veterinary clinical trial study descriptions using 3 common methods: the Flesch‐Kincaid Grade Level (F‐K), Flesch Reading Ease Score (FRES), and online Automatic Readability Checker (ARC). Results were compared across specialties and between academic and private institutions.ResultsGrade level and readability consensus scores (RCSs) were obtained for 61 online clinical trial descriptions at universities (n = 49) and private practices (n = 12). Average grade‐level RCS for study descriptions was 14.13 (range, 9‐21). Using Microsoft Word, the FRES score was higher in descriptions from universities compared to private practices (P = .03), and F‐K scores were lower in university compared to private practice descriptions (P = .03). FRES (P = .07), F‐K (P = .12), and readability consensus (P = .17) scores obtained from ARC were not different between institution types. Forty‐eight studies (79%) had RCSs over 12, equivalent to reading material at college or graduate school levels.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceSimilar to other areas in veterinary communication, the evaluated veterinary clinical trial descriptions used for advertising and recruitment far exceeded the recommended 6th‐grade reading level for medical information. Readability assessments are straightforward to conduct, and ensuring health literacy should be a customary best practice in veterinary medicine and clinical research.
Evaluation of right ventricular diastolic function, systolic function, and circulating galectin‐3 concentrations in dogs with pulmonary stenosis
Authors: Winter Randolph L. , Maneval Kara L. , Ferrel Claudio Serrano , Clark William A. , Herrold Emily J. , Rhinehart Jaylyn D. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundCardiovascular diseases with increased right ventricular (RV) afterload induce RV diastolic and systolic dysfunction, and myocardial fibrosis in humans. Studies in dogs with pulmonary stenosis (PS) evaluating RV diastolic function and markers of myocardial fibrosis are lacking.Hypothesis/ObjectivesDogs with PS have echocardiographic evidence of RV diastolic and systolic dysfunction and increased serum concentrations of galectin‐3 (Gal‐3), a surrogate biomarker for myocardial fibrosis.AnimalsForty client‐owned dogs (10 controls, 30 with PS).MethodsProspective study. All dogs had systemic blood pressure measurement, serum biochemical analysis, echocardiography, and measurement of serum Gal‐3 concentration performed.ResultsVariables of RV diastolic function were obtained in 39/40 dogs. Trans‐tricuspid flow velocity in early diastole to trans‐tricuspid flow velocity in late diastole ratios (RV E/A) were lower (P < .001) in dogs with PS (median, 0.94; range, 0.62‐2.04) compared to controls (1.78; 1.17‐2.35). Trans‐tricuspid flow velocity in early diastole to tricuspid annular myocardial velocity in early diastole ratios (RV E/e′) were higher (P < .001) in dogs with PS (11.55; 4.69‐28) compared to control (6.21; 5.16‐7.21). Variables of RV systolic function were lower in dogs with PS (P = <.001). Serum Gal‐3 concentration was higher (P = .002) in dogs with PS (285.1 pg/mL; 94.71‐406.97) compared to control dogs (162.83 pg/mL; 52.3‐232.82).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceDogs with PS have RV diastolic and systolic dysfunction, and increased Gal‐3 concentrations. These findings suggest the presence of RV myocardial fibrosis in dogs with PS, which could impact clinical management.
Effect of temperature on the growth, feeding performance, gonadal development, and nutritive compositions in the muscle of fry stream groupers, Acrossocheilus fasciatus
Authors: Zhao Bo , Shi Wei , Guo Yongyao , Chen Ye , Wang Handong , He Jinghong , Chu Zhangjie 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTo determine the optimal temperature in rearing of fry stream groupers, Acrossocheilus fasciatus, a total of 540 fry fish with an initial body weight of (0.57 ± 0.16) g, and body length of (4.08 ± 0.40) cm were randomly distributed to 18 15‐L tanks and reared at six different temperatures (12, 16, 20, 24, 26, and 28°C) for a period of 60 days. Fish were hand‐fed to satiation under all six different temperature treatments. At the end of the experiment, almost all the growth, feeding, and gonadal development parameters were higher in the 26°C group than in the rest of the groups. As temperature increased from 12 to 26°C, the specific growth rate and feeding efficiency of fry significantly increased (p < 0.05). When temperature reached 28°C, these parameters were significantly lower than in the 26°C group (p < 0.05). The histological structure of the gonads showed that in the 26°C group, a large number of sperm cells resided in the testis in a free condition, and many yolk granules aggregated together and formed plates in the ovary. This histological information indicated that the gonadal maturity of fish in the 26°C group was higher than that of the other groups. Thus showing a turning point of growth, feeding, and gonadal development in the 26°C group. In relation to the nutritive compositions of muscle tissue, fish reared at 16°C exhibited the highest content of amino acids and fatty acids. These parameters significantly (p < 0.05) decreased as the temperature increased from 16 to 28°C. The proportion of essential amino acids (EAA/NEAA) and unsaturation of fatty acids (∑UFA/FA) did not show significant temperature influence (p > 0.05). In conclusion, increases in temperature significantly improved the growth rate, feeding performance, and gonadal development rate of fry A. fasciatus. Regression analysis based on growth and feeding performance showed that the optimal temperature of rearing fry A. fasciatus was 23.81–26.57°C.
Confirmation of eosinophilic sialodochitis by terminal duct biopsy
Authors: Zheng Dan‐Ni , Ling Xiao‐Tong , Qu Liu‐Yang , Yang Jing , Zhang Jian‐Yun , Chen Yan , Liu Deng‐Gao , Yu Guang‐Yan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo analyse the histopathological features of eosinophilic sialodochitis by using terminal duct biopsy.MethodsSixty‐five patients with suspected eosinophilic sialodochitis and four with chronic obstructive sialadenitis were prospectively enrolled. Clinical features, laboratory tests and sialograms were comparatively analysed. Terminal duct biopsy of the parotid or submandibular glands was performed concomitantly with endoscopy‐assisted duct dilatation to determine the histopathological features of eosinophilic sialodochitis.ResultsBased on eosinophil quantification, the samples of suspected patients were scored as ‘definite’, ‘highly suspected’ and ‘negative’ in 26 (40%), 15 (23.1%) and 24 (36.9%) cases, respectively. Gland types and peripheral blood eosinophil counts were significantly different among these three groups. The proportions of itching glands, mucus plug exudations and elevated immunoglobulin E levels were higher in the ‘definite’ group than in the other two groups; however, the intergroup differences were insignificant. The primary pathological features of eosinophilic sialodochitis were abundant eosinophils and lymphocytes infiltrated around the duct, degranulation of eosinophils, extensive fibrosis and scattered mastocytes. Periductal eosinophils were not found in cases of chronic obstructive sialadenitis.ConclusionOur findings suggest that terminal duct biopsy is safe and valuable for the pathological confirmation of eosinophilic sialodochitis, and can be used simultaneously with endoscopy‐assisted duct dilatation.
Supply chain short‐term financing for responsible production at small and medium‐sized enterprises
Authors: Chen Xiaole , Hsu Vernon N. , Lai Guoming , Li Yang 
Published: September 2023

Companies have increasingly used supply chain financing instead of bank financing when engaging with financially constrained suppliers. We investigate the effectiveness of different financing mechanisms at supporting supply chain responsibility. We consider a decentralized supply chain where a buyer sources from a financially constrained supplier who borrows from either a bank or the buyer to finance his production. The buyer audits the supplier for responsibility compliance and will refuse to accept and pay for the order if the supplier fails the audit. We find that under conventional bank financing, the bank is concerned with the supplier's audit failure and will raise the interest rate. This not only hinders the supplier's compliance effort but also hurts the profitability of every stakeholder. In contrast, under buyer financing, the buyer may offer the supplier a low interest rate to motivate him to be more compliant when the supplier's collateral is of low value. However, if the supplier's collateral is of high value, the buyer may be tempted to set a high interest rate to exploit the supplier—leading to a reduction in supplier's compliance and supply chain profitability. Thus, we conclude that buyer (bank) financing is more preferable for encouraging responsibility when the supplier has low (high) collateral. Our findings suggest that buyer financing may not always be an effective approach for encouraging supply chain responsibility. As such, we propose an alternative mechanism under which the buyer offers a reward to the supplier if he passes the audit while the supplier continues to borrow from a bank. We prove that this combination of bank financing and buyer reward always improves the compliance level and in most cases increases the total supply chain profit. It is even more effective than buyer financing in encouraging responsibility especially when the supplier's collateral is of low value.
Effect of skinfold thickness on arm venous access port in cancer patients
Authors: Liu Zhimin , Li Laiyou , Liu Jiayin , Han Jing , Wu Kun , Zhang Jiemin , Shan Mei , Liang Junli 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundCurrently, skinfold thickness in studies on arm venous access ports and the effect of venous access port application are unknown.Materials and MethodsA total of 256 cancer patients who underwent primary venous access port placement in the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University from September 2022 to March 2023 were selected as the study subjects. Two hundred fifty‐six patients were divided into normal skinfold thickness group and high skinfold thickness group according to skinfold thickness. The success rate of primary catheterization of arm venous port catheterization, catheterization operation time, catheterization length and incidence rate of adverse reactions were compared.ResultsThere was no significant difference in the basic data between the two groups. There was no significant difference in the success rate of primary catheterization between the two groups (p > 0.05), the catheterization operation time in the normal skinfold thickness group was significantly lower than that in the high skinfold thickness group (p < 0.05), the total length of the implanted catheter in the normal skinfold thickness group was significantly lower than that in the high skinfold thickness group (p < 0.05), and the incidence of adverse reactions in the normal skinfold thickness group was significantly lower than that in the high skinfold thickness group (p < 0.05).ConclusionIn cancer patients, skinfold thickness can significantly affect the application effect of arm venous port, and normal skinfold thickness for arm venous port has shorter operation time, total length of implanted catheter and lower incidence of adverse reactions.
Sustainability in Mechanical Engineering Undergraduate Courses at 100 Universities
Authors: Tisdale Joan K. , Bielefeldt Angela R. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMechanical engineers have an important role in contributing to a more sustainable future. However, the extent that sustainability is currently being integrated into mechanical engineering (ME) curricula is unclear. This research characterized sustainability integration in undergraduate ME courses at 100 universities. Criterion-based selection resulted in a range of institution types and geographic locations (including institutions outside the United States); 93 of the 100 programs were accredited by the Engineering Accreditation Commission (EAC) of ABET. For 90 institutions, the data came from the Association for the Advancement of Sustainability for Higher Education (AASHE) Sustainability Tracking, Assessment & Rating System (STARS). Course catalog information was used for ten additional schools, in addition to comparing catalog data to STARS for ten institutions. Overall, sustainability topics were found in at least one elective or required undergraduate ME course at 83 institutions; only 43 institutions included sustainability in at least one required ME course; 16 institutions offered ten or more ME courses that integrated sustainability topics. Courses with sustainability integration at the greatest number of institutions were thermodynamics, engineering design, introduction to engineering, and heat transfer. Few of these courses appeared to integrate all three sustainability pillars (environmental, social, and economic). Leading institutions for sustainability integrations across the curriculum were identified. This work offers a picture of sustainability incorporation in undergraduate mechanical engineering programs, with the hope of catalyzing greater and more visible sustainability integration in the future.
Validation of Filtered Rayleigh Scattering Optical Rake Measurement Techniques in Turbomachinery Applications and Boundary Layers
Authors: Powers Sean W. , Byun Gwibo , Lowe K. Todd 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Filtered Rayleigh scattering (FRS) is a non-intrusive, laser-based optical technique for measuring three-component velocity, static temperature, and static density with high spatial resolution and low uncertainty. FRS can be used to derive total values as well as turbomachinery efficiencies. The Virginia Tech team has been developing this seedless technique for simultaneous planar (or line) measurements to overcome the limitations associated with seed-based laser measurement techniques such as laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV), particle image velocimetry (PIV), and Doppler global velocimetry (DGV) as well as limitations with physical probe rakes such as blockage and wake production. This technique is especially attractive in flow cases or environments where the aforementioned seed-based laser measurement techniques are limited or not possible. A combination of specially designed boundary layer total pressure probe rake measurements, FRS optical rake measurements, and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) results in the inlet of a Honeywell TFE731-2 turbofan are presented. Results show that all three techniques (FRS, probe, and CFD) match within approximately 2% root-mean-square error (RMSE). Inlet efficiency was derived and found to be within 2.3% difference for all three techniques.
Workspace, Singularity, and Dexterity Analyses of a Six-Degrees-of-Freedom SDelta Robot With an Orthogonal Base Platform
Authors: Toz Metin , Han Hasiaoqier , Angeles Jorge 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The SDelta is a three-limb, six-degrees-of-freedom parallel kinematics machine, a pertinent candidate for high-speed operations by virtue of its simple architecture. The original design of the SDelta includes a planar base and moving platforms. Here, we propose a novel architecture for an improved SDelta, the orthogonal SDelta (OSD), with a cube-shaped orthogonal base platform. Inverse and forward position models are reported, along with singularity and dexterity analyses. Moreover, design parameters and mechanical constraints leading to a singularity-free workspace are provided. An evaluation of the system translational workspace and orientational capability, upon consideration of volume and dexterity, is included. The SDelta as well as a generic 6SPS mechanism (C, P, and S denote, respectively, the cylindrical, prismatic, and spherical kinematic pairs, the actuated pair is represented underlined, as P) are designed with the same parameters, then the performance of the SDelta, the OSD, and the 6SPS mechanisms are being compared. The results show that the orientational capability of the OSD is better than those of the 6SPS and the SDelta. Furthermore, the OSD has an average condition number of 2.9 over its translational workspace and 1.69 over a predefined effective regular workspace, which make the OSD a good candidate for operations that need both a high orientational capability and high dexterity.
Precessing Vortex Core Suppression in a Swirl Stabilized Combustor With Hydrogen Addition
Authors: Gupta Saarthak , Datta Anindya , Hemchandra Santosh , Boxx Isaac 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Self-excited flow oscillations such as the precessing vortex core (PVC) in swirl nozzle combustion systems can significantly impact combustor operation by impacting unsteady dynamics, fuel-air mixing and emissions. The flow configuration studied is the PRECCINSTA swirl combustor operated in the fully premixed mode with CH4/H2 fuel mixtures at an equivalence ratio of 0.65, atmospheric pressure and a burner thermal power of 20 kW. Our prior experimental study showed the presence of strong coherent PVC oscillations in the non-reacting (NR) and pure CH4 cases. Enrichment of fuel with H2 causes the flame to attach onto the centrebody and the PVC vanishes. Large eddy simulation for the non-reacting case is used to obtain a time averaged flow state for global linear stability analysis (LSA). LSA reveals the presence of a wavemaker at the centrebody tip driving PVC oscillations. This suggests that flame attachment to the centrebody tip disrupts internal flow feedback driving the PVC and causes it to vanish. These conclusions are verified using complex network analysis (CNA) on the experimental data. For cases with a PVC the data yields correlation networks with small world characteristics. The position and spatial extent of the critical region at the centrebody tip are found to coincide with the wavemaker determined from LSA. For the H2 enriched cases with flames attached to the centrebody, the critical region vanishes, consistent with the result from LSA. These results show that PVC suppression is due to the disruption of the ‘wavemaker’ by flow dilatation induced by the flame rather than its impact on shear layer dynamics as suggested by prior local stability analyses that attempt to address these questions.
Experimental Investigation of the Stability of Liquid/Gaseous Ammonia-Fired Mono-Fuel Gas Turbine
Authors: Ohtomo Mitsuaki , Idota Yoshinori , Kasuga Shunsuke , Yasui Yoshinori , Iki Norihiko , Kurata Osamu , Inoue Takahiro , Fan Yong 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Ammonia is a well-known hydrogen carrier with a lower laminar flame speed and larger heat of evaporation than hydrocarbon fuels, such as gasoline, diesel and kerosine. Therefore, a supply of a supporting gas substrate and an evaporator for vaporizing liquid ammonia are required to improve the combustion stability of ammonia-fired gas turbines. However, both devices increase capital costs and equipment area. To avoid these devices, mono-fuel and liquid ammonia-based 50 kW-class gas turbine systems have been suggested and demonstrated. For mono-fuel fired-combustion systems, supporting gas is required, particularly during the start-up operation, owing to the lower laminar flame speed of ammonia. In this study, an on-board gas reformer that supplies hydrogen as a supporting gas was developed. The suggested catalyst and reactor can supply sufficient amount of hydrogen with a higher laminar flame speed to start the gas turbine stably. To realize a liquid ammonia-based gas turbine, an innovative combustor structure with a pre-vaporization tube and a pre-combustion zone, in addition to a conventional pre/main combustion zone, was constructed. A portion of the liquid ammonia was supplied and evaporated in the pre-vaporization tube. The vaporized ammonia supplied from the pre-vaporization tube was combusted stably in the pre-combustion zone. The high-temperature combusted gas increased the temperature of the cooled gas owing to the evaporation of liquid ammonia in the main combustion zone. The proposed combustion strategy can realize power generation in liquid ammonia-fired mono-fuel gas turbines.
A Novel Estimation Method for Phase Transition Following High Temperature Creep Strain Rate of Single Crystal Ni Based Superalloys for Gas Turbine Blades via Combination of Discrete Cosine Transform and Maximum Entropy Method
Authors: Hiraguchi Hideo 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
It is well known that a single crystal Ni based super alloy has an interesting structure that the L12 γ′ phase cubes are regularly arranged at equal intervals in the face center cubic γ phase matrix. During the high temperature creep test, there are many γ′ phase cubes in the single crystal Ni based super alloys in the transient region. Moreover, the γ′ cubes begin to connect with one another in the lateral direction perpendicular to the tensile direction to be rafting structures in the steady state region and the accelerating region. However, there is no transient SEM photo of connecting the γ′ phase cubes with one another between the photo of γ′ phase cubes and that of γ′ rafting structures. Therefore, it is convenient for researchers to have a simulation method for metallographic changes using various metallographic charts in published papers and data bases. From the above, in this research, Metallographic changes of CMSX-4 which is a single crystal Ni based superalloy during the high temperature creep regions are studied by using metallographic charts of Miura, Kondo and Matsuo’s paper via the two dimensional discrete cosine transform (2D-DCT) and Maximum Entropy Method. This research provides that this new method could be a promising method to study metallographic changes coming up with the creep rate changes.