bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interrelationship dynamics between stock markets of nation under debt crisis and its major trading partners: evidence from Sri Lankan crisis
Authors: Kakran Shubham , Sapra Nishant , Kumar Ashish , Sidhu Arpit 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA series of crises triggered over a decade may bring global recession, which may impact millions of investors, including countries teetering on the brink due to forex reserve shortages; this study addresses the significant financial event of a small nation declaring bankruptcy. Such events can have adverse consequences on the global economy, particularly affecting the stock market indices of the country’s trading partners. Our research investigates the impact of small nation bankruptcies on the stock market indices of connected importing and exporting partners. Focusing on the recent political and economic crisis in Sri Lanka, we analyze interactions between the Sri Lankan stock exchange and its key trading partners. Employing pairwise cointegration and the vector auto-regressive model-based Granger causal approach, our findings reveal cointegration among the stock markets in Germany, Italy, and Sri Lanka. Notably, the pre-crisis causal links between the Colombo Stock Exchange and other stock markets have dissolved. These insights hold valuable implications for understanding and preparing for similar circumstances in other South Asian economies grappling with forex shortages and rising inflation.
Graphical abstract
Care pathways, prescribing practices and treatment outcomes in major depressive disorder and treatment-resistant depression: retrospective, population-based cohort study
Authors: Pappa Sofia , Shah Moulesh , Young Sophie , Anwar Tazneem , Ming Timothy 
Published: January 2024

Background
Despite the availability of effective therapies, many patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) develop treatment-resistant depression (TRD).

Aims
To evaluate and compare prescribing patterns, contact with specialist services and treatment outcomes in patients with MDD and TRD.

Method
This was a retrospective analysis of linked primary and secondary care National Health Service data in the north-west London Discover-NOW data-set. Eligible patients were adults who had diagnostic codes for depression and had been prescribed at least one antidepressant between 2015 and 2020.

Results
A total of 110 406 patients were included, comprising 101 333 (92%) with MDD and 9073 (8%) with TRD. Patients with TRD had significantly higher risks of suicidal behaviour and comorbidities such as anxiety, asthma, and alcohol or substance misuse (all P < 0.0001). Citalopram, sertraline, fluoxetine and mirtazapine accounted for 83% of MDD and 71% of TRD prescriptions. Use of antidepressant switching (1% MDD, 7% TRD) and combination therapy (1%, 5%) was rare, whereas augmentation occurred more frequently in the TRD group (4%, 35%). Remission was recorded in 42 348 (42%) patients with MDD and 1188 (13%) with TRD (P < 0.0001), whereas relapse was seen in 20 970 (21%) and 4923 (54%), respectively (P < 0.0001). Mean times from diagnosis to first contact with mental health services were 38.9 (s.d. 33.6) months for MDD and 41.5 (s.d. 32.0) months for TRD (P < 0.0001).

Conclusions
There appears to be a considerable difference between treatment guidelines for depression and TRD and the reality of clinical practice. Long-term treatment with single antidepressants, poor remission, and high relapse rates among patients in primary care highlight the need to optimise treatment pathways and access to newer therapies.
Semaglutide-induced Hyperemesis Gravidarum
Authors: Okeke Ijeoma Gloria , Camarda Amanda Rose , Okeke Richard , Chaughtai Saira 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists have traditionally been used for glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus. More recently, the medical community in the United States has used its most common side effect, weight loss, as an adjunct therapy for weight management in certain populations. Little is known about the effects of semaglutide in pregnancy. But in nonpregnant people, nausea, vomiting, decreased appetite, and abdominal cramping are common side effects. Here we present the first reported case of hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) induced by semaglutide. Our patient presented at 7 weeks’ gestational age with 4 days of extreme nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramping, and anorexia, symptoms that she did not experience in prior pregnancies. The patient was treated with little symptomatic improvement during her hospitalization. She later informed the medical team of her use of a high dose of subcutaneous semaglutide (2 mg) the day of symptom onset before discovering her pregnancy; semaglutide was obtained online without clinicians’ guidance. Her symptoms resolved 6 days after taking semaglutide, which closely coincides with semaglutide's half-life. This leads us to believe that semaglutide exaggerated the physiological nausea and vomiting of pregnancy causing HG.
Prevalence Study of MASLD in Adolescent and Young Adult Pacific Islanders and Asians Living in Hawai’i
Authors: Parsa Alan A , Azama Katie A , Vawer May , Ona Mel A , Seto Todd B 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Context
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, renamed metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), is the most common cause of chronic liver disease with an estimated worldwide prevalence of 30.1% while clinical practice observations reflect a disproportionately lower prevalence of 1.9%, indicating a condition that is underrecognized in clinical care settings. Screening for MASLD is rarely performed, and little is known about the prevalence in Hawai’i.

Objective
This pilot aims to develop an understanding of the prevalence and factors associated with MASLD in Hawai’i's adolescent and young adult (AYA) population.

Design/Methods
Cross-sectional observational pilot study: We used Fibroscan®—liver ultrasonographic vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE) to identify MASLD based on controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) scores ≥238 (dB/m) and collected biometric, anthropometric, and Beverage Intake Questionnaire (sugar-sweetened beverage) survey data.

Setting
The study took place at community clinics in Hawai’i on the island of O’ahu.

Participants
One hundred individuals were evaluated, age 14 to 34 years.

Main Outcome Measures
We used VCTE Fibroscan® with CAP scoring to identify the presence of hepatocyte steatosis (fatty liver).

Results
Overall MASLD prevalence in the sample was 44% (95% confidence interval: 34.1%-54.3%). In participants with MASLD, obese Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islanders (62%) and nonobese Asians (43%) had the highest rates of MASLD.

Conclusion
This pilot evaluation of the AYA NHOPI and Asian MASLD population in Hawai’i shows a higher rate of MASLD than those reported in other parts of the United States. Larger population health studies are indicated to expand our knowledge of MASLD in the Hawaiian Islands.
Genetic implications in patients with NAFLD
Authors: Misiak Jakub , Kępczyk Martyna , Kwaśniewska Oliwia , Urbaś Michał , Ojdana Miłosz , Demianenko Yehor , Czekaj Oliwia , Kościołek Aleksandra , Kościołek Dawid , Surowiecka Kaja 
Published: January 2024

Introduction and purpose:
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease's growing prevalence and the complications it brings constitutes a serious problem nowadays. According to this, better understanding of mechanisms laying on the ground of its pathogenesis is a crucial factor to better understand this disease and develop interventions to counter its effects. Genetic relationships with NAFLD are known and they show great variation of mechanisms underlying their impact on subjects' metabolic state. Due to this fact the assumption that it is worth collecting these connections in one place was made, so that it is easier to navigate in them. Mostly studies refer to rodents trials, we focused on studies referred to people with NAFLD diagnosis.
Material and method:
The literature was scrutinised in the Google Scholar database, in the Pubmed database with the use of following keywords: “genetics”, “genes”, “non-alcoholic fatty liver disease”, “NAFLD”, “non-alcoholic steatohepatitis”, “NASH”.
Results:
NAFLD as a metabolic disease has many links with metabolic pathways encoded by various genes. When it comes to genetic factors, we can specify gene expression single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and genes methylation. All of these aspects affect activity of coded proteins and what follows this is its impact on human metabolism. These factors have been studied in the work of other researchers.
Conclusions:
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease's growing prevalence and the complications it brings constitutes a serious problem nowadays. Genetic relationships with NAFLD are known and they show great variation of mechanisms underlying their impact on subjects' metabolic state.
Perceived outcomes of periacetabular osteotomy
Authors: Bialaszewski Ryan , Gaddis John , Laboret Bretton , Bergman Elizabeth , Mulligan Edward P. , LaCross Jenny , Stewart Adina , Wells Joel 
Published: January 2024

AimsSocial media is a popular resource for patients seeking medical information and sharing experiences. periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) is the gold-standard treatment for symptomatic acetabular dysplasia with good long-term outcomes. However, little is known regarding the perceived outcomes of PAO on social media. The aims of this study were to describe the perceived outcomes following PAO using three social media platforms: Facebook, Instagram, and X (formerly known as Twitter).MethodsFacebook, Instagram, and X posts were retrospectively collected from 1 February 2023. Facebook posts were collected from the two most populated interest groups: “periacetabular osteotomy” and “PAO Australia.” Instagram and X posts were queried using the most popular hashtags: #PAOwarrior, #periacetabularosteotomy, #periacetabularosteotomyrecovery, #PAOsurgery, and #PAOrecovery. Posts were assessed for demographic data (sex, race, location), perspective (patient, physician, professional organization, industry), timing (preoperative vs postoperative), and perceived outcome (positive, negative, neutral).ResultsA total of 1,054 Facebook posts, 1,003 Instagram posts, and 502 X posts were consecutively assessed from 887 unique authors. The majority (63.3%) of these posts were from patients in the postoperative period, with a median of 84 days postoperatively (interquartile range 20 to 275). The longest follow-up timeframe postoperatively was 20 years. Regarding perceived outcomes, 52.8% expressed satisfaction, 39.7% held neutral opinions, and 7.5% were dissatisfied. Most dissatisfied patients (50.9%) reported pain (chronic or uncontrolled acute) as an attributing factor.ConclusionMost PAO-perceived surgical outcomes on social media had a positive tone. Findings also indicate that a small percentage of patients reported negative perceived outcomes. However, dissatisfaction with PAO primarily stemmed from postoperative pain. Social media posts from other sources (physicians, hospitals, professional organizations, etc.) trend towards neutrality. Healthcare providers must consider the social media narratives of patients following PAO, as they may reveal additional outcome expectations and help improve patient-centred care, create informed decision-making, and optimize treatment outcomes.Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2024;5(1):53–59.
Dynamically tunable multifunctional terahertz absorber based on hybrid vanadium dioxide and graphene metamaterials
Authors: Zhang Jing , Wang Jiejun , Yuan Libo , Liu Houquan 
Published: January 2024

In this work, in pursuit of a multifunctional device with a simple structure, high absorption rate, and excellent bandwidth, a tunable broadband terahertz (THz) absorber based on vanadium dioxide (VO2) and graphene is proposed. Due to the phase transition of VO2 and the electrically tunable properties of graphene, the structure realizes single broadband and dual-band absorption characteristics. When graphene is in the insulating state (E
f
=0eV) and VO2 is in the metallic state, the developed system has more than 90% absorption and a wide absorption band from 1.36 to 5.48 THz. By adjusting the VO2 conductivity, the bandwidth absorption can be dynamically varied from 23% to more than 90%, which makes it a perfect broadband absorber. When graphene is in the metallic state (E
f
=1eV), VO2 is in the insulating state, and the designed device behaves as a tunable and perfect dual-band absorber, where the absorptivity of the dual-band spectrum can be continuously adjusted by varying the Fermi energy level of graphene. In addition, both the broad absorption spectrum and the dual-band absorption spectrum maintain strong polarization-independent properties and operate well over a wide incidence angle, and the designed system may provide new avenues for the development of terahertz and other frequency-domain tunable devices.
Chagas cardiomyopathy in Boston, Massachusetts: Identifying disease and improving management after community and hospital-based screening
Authors: Reifler Katherine A. , Wheelock Alyse , Hall Samantha M. , Salazar Alejandra , Hassan Shahzad , Bostrom John A. , Barnett Elizabeth D. , Carrion Malwina , Hochberg Natasha S. , Hamer Davidson H. , Gopal Deepa M. , Bourque Daniel 
Published: January 2024

Background
Limited data exist regarding cardiac manifestations of Chagas disease in migrants living in non-endemic regions.

Methods
A retrospective cohort analysis of 109 patients with Chagas disease seen at Boston Medical Center (BMC) between January 2016 and January 2023 was performed. Patients were identified by screening and testing migrants from endemic regions at a community health center and BMC. Demographic, laboratory, and cardiac evaluation data were collected.

Results
Mean age of the 109 patients was 43 years (range 19–76); 61% were female. 79% (86/109) were diagnosed with Chagas disease via screening and 21% (23/109) were tested given symptoms or electrocardiogram abnormalities. Common symptoms included palpitations (25%, 27/109) and chest pain (17%, 18/109); 52% (57/109) were asymptomatic. Right bundle branch block (19%, 19/102), T-wave changes (18%, 18/102), and left anterior fascicular block (11%, 11/102) were the most common electrocardiogram abnormalities; 51% (52/102) had normal electrocardiograms. Cardiomyopathy stage was ascertained in 94 of 109 patients: 51% (48/94) were indeterminate stage A and 49% (46/94) had cardiac structural disease (stages B1-D). Clinical findings that required clinical intervention or change in management were found in 23% (25/109), and included cardiomyopathy, apical hypokinesis/aneurysm, stroke, atrial or ventricular arrhythmias, and apical thrombus.

Conclusions
These data show high rates of cardiac complications in a cohort of migrants living with Chagas disease in a non-endemic setting. We demonstrate that Chagas disease diagnosis prompts cardiac evaluation which often identifies actionable cardiac disease and provides opportunities for prevention and treatment.
Association between arterial stiffness and Loa loa microfilaremia in a rural area of the Republic of Congo: A population-based cross-sectional study (the MorLo project)
Authors: Campillo Jérémy T. , Dupasquier Valentin , Lebredonchel Elodie , Rancé Ludovic G. , Hemilembolo Marlhand C. , Pion Sébastien D. S. , Boussinesq Michel , Missamou François , Perez Martin Antonia , Chesnais Cédric B. 
Published: January 2024

Background
Loa loa filariasis (loiasis) is still considered a relatively benign disease. However, recent epidemiologic data suggest increased mortality and morbidity in L. loa infected individuals. We aimed to examine whether the density of L. loa microfilariae (mfs) in the blood is associated with cardiovascular disease.

Methodology
Using a point-of-care device (pOpmètre), we conducted a cross-sectional study to assess arterial stiffness and peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in 991 individuals living in a loiasis-endemic rural area in the Republic of the Congo. Microfilaremic individuals were matched for age, sex and village of residence with 2 amicrofilaremic subjects.
We analyzed markers of arterial stiffness (Pulse-Wave Velocity, PWV), PAD (Ankle-Brachial Index, ABI) and cardiovascular health (Pulse Pressure, PP). The analysis considered parasitological results (L. loa microfilarial density [MFD], soil-transmitted helminths infection, asymptomatic malaria and onchocerciasis), sociodemographic characteristics and known cardiovascular risk factors (body mass index, smoking status, creatininemia, blood pressure).

Principal findings
Among the individuals included in the analysis, 192/982 (19.5%) and 137/976 (14.0%) had a PWV or an ABI considered out of range, respectively. Out of range PWV was associated with younger age, high mean arterial pressure and high L. loa MFD. Compared to amicrofilaremic subjects, those with more than 10,000 mfs/mL were 2.17 times more likely to have an out of range PWV (p = 0.00). Factors significantly associated with PAD were older age, low pulse rate, low body mass index, smoking, and L. loa microfilaremia. Factors significantly associated with an elevation of PP were older age, female sex, high average blood pressure, low pulse rate and L. loa microfilaremia.

Conclusion
A potential link between high L. loa microfilaremia and cardiovascular health deterioration is suggested. Further studies are required to confirm and explore this association.
Can a specific biobehavioral-based therapeutic education program lead to changes in pain perception and brain plasticity biomarkers in chronic pain patients? A study protocol for a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Di Bonaventura Silvia , Fernández Carnero Josué , Ferrer-Peña Raúl 
Published: January 2024

Background
Chronic pain conditions are complex multifactorial disorders with physical, psychological, and environmental factors contributing to their onset and persistence. Among these conditions, the role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and the impact of a specific therapeutic education (TE) on pain management have emerged as important areas of research.

Objective
This study aims to investigate the effects of a specific type of therapeutic education on pain levels and BDNF concentrations.

Methods
In this single-blind, randomized clinical trial, patients will be randomly assigned to one of two groups: one will receive exercise with TE and the other without TE. Assessments will be made at baseline, mid-treatment, post-intervention, and at one and eight months.

Outcomes
This study will shed light on the effectiveness of a therapeutic education (TE) program in pain management. Additionally, it will provide information on its effects on BDNF levels, a biomarker of brain plasticity, as well as on various psychosocial variables that can influence pain experience.

Conclusion
By comprehensively addressing the need to quantify brain changes more precisely in individuals with chronic pain during interventions like TE and recognizing the importance of establishing a more structured and comprehensive protocol, this study lays a solid and replicable foundation for future evidence-based treatment developments.
Feasibility demonstration of a device for vitreous liquid biopsy incidental to intravitreal injection
Authors: Tumlinson Alexandre R. , Calara Jennifer M. , Azar Dimitri T. , Adamis Anthony P. , Vavvas Demetrios G. , Stewart Jay M. 
Published: January 2024

Purpose
VitreoDx is an experimental device enabling push-button collection of a neat vitreous liquid biopsy incidental to an intravitreal injection. We explored the ability of the device to collect a sample usable for proteomic biomarker discovery and testing.

Design
Pilot study using ex vivo human eyes.

Methods
Non-vitrectomized, human eyes from nine donors 75–91 years of age were refrigerated in BSS and used within 5 days of death. Four VitreoDx devices fitted with 25G needles, and four staked needle insulin syringes with 30G needles, were inserted at equal intervals through the pars plana of each eye and held in place by a fixture. The sampling mode of each VitreoDx device was triggered to attempt to acquire a liquid biopsy up to 70 μL. The plunger of each insulin syringe was retracted to attempt to obtain a liquid biopsy with a maximum volume of 50 μL. Samples acquired with the VitreoDx were extracted to polypropylene cryovials, refrigerated to -80 ºC, and sent for offsite proteomic analysis by proximity extension assay with a focus on panels containing approved and pipelined drug targets for neovascular disease and inflammatory factors.

Results
Of the attempted liquid biopsies with the novel 25G VitreoDx, 92% (66 of 72) resulted in successful acquisition (>25 μL) while 89% (64 of 72) attempted by a traditional 30G needle resulted in a successful acquisition. Sample volume sufficient for proteomics array analysis was acquired by the VitreoDx for every eye. Detectable protein was found for 151 of 166 unique proteins assayed in at least 25% of eyes sampled by VitreoDx.

Conclusions
The high acquisition rate achieved by the prototype was similar to that achieved in previous clinical studies where a standard syringe was used with a 25G needle to biopsy vitreous fluid directly prior to standard intravitreal injection. Successful aspiration rates were likewise high for 30G needles. Together, these suggest that it is possible to routinely acquire liquid vitreous biopsies from patients who typically receive intravitreal injections with an injection device using a standard size needle without a vitreous cutter. Protein analysis shows that proteins of interest survive the sampling mechanism and may have potential to direct care in the future.
The influence of prior use of inhaled corticosteroids on COVID-19 outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chen Chao-Hsien , Wang Cheng-Yi , Chen Ching-Yi , Wang Ya-Hui , Chen Kuang-Hung , Lai Chih-Cheng , Wei Yu-Feng , Fu Pin-Kuei 
Published: January 2024

The influence of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) on COVID-19 outcomes remains uncertain. To address this, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis, analyzing 30 studies, to investigate the impact of ICS on patients with COVID-19. Our study focused on various outcomes, including mortality risk, hospitalization, admission to the intensive care unit (ICU), mechanical ventilation (MV) utilization, and length of hospital stay. Additionally, we conducted a subgroup analysis to assess the effect of ICS on patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. Our findings suggest that the prior use of ICS did not lead to significant differences in mortality risk, ICU admission, hospitalization, or MV utilization between individuals who had used ICS previously and those who had not. However, in the subgroup analysis of patients with COPD, prior ICS use was associated with a lower risk of mortality compared to non-users (OR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.90–1.00). Overall, while the use of ICS did not significantly affect COVID-19 outcomes in general, it may have beneficial effects specifically for patients with COPD. Nevertheless, more research is needed to establish a definitive conclusion on the role of ICS in COVID-19 treatment.PROSPERO registration number:CRD42021279429.