bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automated Detection and Repair of Floating-point Precision Problems in Convolutional Neural Network Operators
Authors: Liu Jiawei , Zhang Xufan , Xu Lurong , Fang Chunrong , Gu Mingzheng , Luo Weisi , Chai Dong , Wang Jiang , Zhao Zhihong , Chen Zhenyu 
Published: January 2025

Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) operators, mostly based on mathematical linear computations, are of vital importance to developing CNN-based software. Existing studies reveal that these operators are prone to floating-point precision problems (FPPs). In a CNN-based application, such problems can be propagated and result in catastrophic consequences. Thus, it is highly desired to detect and repair the FPPs in CNN operators. Considering the FPPs in CNN operators are mainly caused by accumulated floating-point errors and diverse floating-point tensors instead of wrong codes or bad implementations, it requires much time cost and is difficult to tackle these FPPs.

In this paper, we propose the first method for the automated detection and repair of FPPs in CNN operators from the perspective of floating-point tensors. To generate diverse tensors with floating-point numbers, we design two levels of mutation rules, namely computation-level mutation and input-level mutation, containing a total of five mutation methods. To detect the FPPs caused by the accumulated floating-point errors, our method uses a weight matrix to guide the progressive mutation. To repair the detected FPPs, our method transforms the error-prone floating-point tensors based on the mathematical rewriting of the floating-point linear computational properties without destroying the original computation. Experimental results show that our methods can detect and repair FPPs in CNN operators effectively and efficiently and could reduce 93.32% to 100% of the FPPs in CNN operators.
We conduct a case study on six different widely-used CNN models and confirm that the proposed FPP method is generalizable and effective across a variety of tasks and architectures. Our detection and repair method offers an intuitive way to handle FPPs during development, allowing users to continue building and fine-tuning their models without being slowed down by numerical precision errors.
We believe that our method could open up a new way to enhance the quality of CNN operators and CNN-based software.
Finding Safety Violations of AI-Enabled Control Systems through the Lens of Synthesized Proxy Programs
Authors: Shi Jieke , Yang Zhou , He Junda , Xu Bowen , Kim Dongsun , Han DongGyun , Lo David 
Published: January 2025

Given the increasing adoption of modern AI-enabled control systems, ensuring their safety and reliability has become a critical task in software testing. One prevalent approach to testing control systems is falsification, which aims to find an input signal that causes the control system to violate a formal safety specification using optimization algorithms. However, applying falsification to AI-enabled control systems poses two significant challenges: (1) it requires the system to execute numerous candidate test inputs, which can be time-consuming, particularly for systems with AI models that have many parameters, and (2) multiple safety requirements are typically defined as a conjunctive specification, which is difficult for existing falsification approaches to comprehensively cover.

This paper introduces
Synthify
, a falsification framework tailored for AI-enabled control systems, i.e., control systems equipped with AI controllers. Our approach performs falsification in a two-phase process. At the start,
Synthify
synthesizes a program that implements one or a few linear controllers to serve as a proxy for the AI controller. This proxy program mimics the AI controller's functionality but is computationally more efficient. Then,
Synthify
employs the

\(\epsilon\)

-greedy strategy to sample a promising sub-specification from the conjunctive safety specification. It then uses a Simulated Annealing-based falsification algorithm to find violations of the sampled sub-specification for the control system. To evaluate
Synthify
, we compare it to
PSY-TaLiRo
, a state-of-the-art and industrial-strength falsification tool, on 8 publicly available control systems. On average,
Synthify
achieves a 83.5% higher success rate in falsification compared to
PSY-TaLiRo
with the same budget of falsification trials. Additionally, our method is 12.8

\(\times\)

faster in finding a single safety violation than the baseline. The safety violations found by
Synthify
are also more diverse than those found by
PSY-TaLiRo
, covering 137.7% more sub-specifications.
Projeção: projeto gráfico de uma revista cultural
Authors: Deleguide Samuel Henrique Gallo 
Published: January 2025

Este artigo aborda a representação do jornalismo cultural por meio da produção da revista Projeção, projeto gráfico desenvolvido como trabalho de conclusão do curso de Comunicação Social com habilitação em Jornalismo do Centro Universitário Barão de Mauá de Ribeirão Preto (SP), durante o segundo semestre de 2021, sob a orientação do professor Márcio Huertas. O jornalismo cultural é uma das áreas de maior leitura da modernidade. No entanto, nos últimos anos tornou-se escravo das agendas artísticas e culturais. Essa produção apresenta elementos gráficos que unem o design com o jornalismo, dando ainda mais prazer à leitura e uma nova sensibilidade e cuidado com o tema abordado.
The Effects of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure on Structural Brain Connectivity and Early Language Skills in a South African Birth Cohort
Authors: Ghasoub Mohammad , Scholten Chloe , Geeraert Bryce , Long Xiangyu , Joshi Shantanu , Wedderburn Catherine J. , Roos Annerine , Subramoney Sivenesi , Hoffman Nadia , Narr Katherine , Woods Roger , Zar Heather J. , Stein Dan J. , Donald Kirsten , Lebel Catherine 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) is associated with various neurological, behavioral and cognitive deficits, including reading and language. Previous studies have demonstrated altered white matter in children and adolescents with PAE and associations with reading and language performance in children aged 3 years and older. However, little research has focused on the toddler years, despite this being a critical period for behavioral and neural development. We aimed to determine associations between structural brain connectivity and early language skills in toddlers, in the context of PAE. Eighty-eight toddlers (2–3 yr, 56 males), 23 of whom had PAE, underwent a diffusion MRI scan in Cape Town, South Africa, with language skills assessed using the Expressive and Receptive Communication subtests from the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition (BSID-III). Diffusion scans were preprocessed to create a structural network of regions associated with language skills using graph theory analysis. Linear regression models were used to examine moderation effects of PAE on structural network properties and language skills. Toddlers with PAE had higher structural connectivity in language networks than unexposed children. PAE moderated the relationship between structural network properties and Expressive Communication scores. None of the effects survived correction for multiple comparisons. Our findings show weak moderation effects of PAE on structural language network properties and language skills. Our study sheds light on the structural connectivity correlates of early language skills in an understudied population during a critical neurodevelopmental period, laying the foundation for future research.
Storm Peak Laboratory: A Research and Training Facility for the Atmospheric Sciences
Authors: Hallar A. Gannet , McCubbin Ian B. , Borys Randolph , Lowenthal Douglas H. , Wetzel Melanie , Hindman Edward , Brooks Sarah D. , Steenburgh W. James , Gratz Lynne , Hoch Sebastian , Stephens Britton , Horel John D. , Molotch Noah P. , Mace Gerald G. , Bailey Adriana , Pettersen Claire , Andrews Elisabeth , Cziczo Dan J. , Garcia Maria 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Storm Peak Laboratory, located on the Steamboat Springs Ski Resort in Colorado on the west summit of Mount Werner at 10,532 ft (3220 m) ASL, is an internationally recognized high-elevation atmospheric research station that has been in use for over 40 years. This article provides a brief history of the Storm Peak Laboratory and the major research themes it has supported and discusses opportunities to leverage mountain observatory measurements to advance our understanding of the atmospheric processes.
This facility provides long-term measurements of meteorology, clouds, aerosols, snow hydrology and atmospheric gases, and serves as a “proving ground” for instrument development and testing. Storm Peak Laboratory is part of multiple national and international observational networks. Due to the unique capabilities of Storm Peak Laboratory, there is a long history of targeted field campaigns primarily within the following research areas: mixed phase cloud microphysics, atmospheric chemistry pertaining to the formation, characterization, and hygroscopicity of aerosols; and transport and transformation of atmospheric mercury. Research training has been central to the mission of SPL over the last 40 years. Currently, SPL hosts both undergraduate and graduate level courses in atmospheric science and snow hydrology organized by numerous institutions. Examples of these unique research training opportunities are provided.
Factors influencing compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue among nurses: a study in a tertiary hospital
Authors: Nadarajan Sarah Sharmala , Chui Ping Lei , Lee Wan Ling , Zaini Noor Hanita 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Nursing is a caring profession for which compassion is a core value. Increasing stress and declining job satisfaction are among the major challenges in nursing. Demographic and work-related factors may influence nurses’ compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue (i.e., burnout and secondary traumatic stress) levels. In this study, the level of compassion fatigue and compassion satisfaction and their associated factors were examined among nurses in a tertiary hospital.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary hospital in Malaysia. The data were collected over a period of 6 months via online distribution of the Personal Information Form, Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ) version III and Professional Quality of Life (ProQOL) version V questionnaires. The Cronbach’s alpha internal consistency of the questionnaire scales was mostly acceptable and above 0.75. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the sociodemographic and rank domains of work environment-related factors for nurses and their levels of compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue. Relationships between sociodemographic factors and the levels of compassion fatigue, compassion satisfaction, and burnout were assessed by bivariate analyses. A p value < 0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance.

Results
A total of 323 registered nurses participated in this study. A majority of the participants were female (91%, n = 294), and the mean age of the participants was 33.01 ± 8.50 years. The majority of the participants had moderate levels of compassion satisfaction (71%, n = 229); 46% (n = 148) had moderate levels of burnout, and 45% (n = 147) had moderate levels of secondary traumatic stress. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis revealed that the health and well-being and demands at work domain were significantly associated with compassion satisfaction, burnout and secondary traumatic stress levels among nurses.

Conclusions
In this study, the majority of the nurses reported decreased compassion satisfaction and increased burnout. These findings provide valuable insights, as there may be detrimental effects on the healthcare industry and retention of nurses if no action is taken to combat compassion fatigue. Recommendations to motivate nurses and reduce demands at work should be explored by healthcare organizations to increase nurses’ performance and job satisfaction.
A mixed-methods observational study of strategies for success in implementation science: overcoming emergency departments hurdles
Authors: Stolldorf Deonni P. , Storrow Alan B. , Liu Dandan , Jenkins Cathy A. , Hilton Rachel A. , Miller Karen F. , Kim Joy , Boopathy Deepika , Gunaga Satheesh , Kea Bory , Miller Joseph , Collins Sean P. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Heart failure is a major public health concern, affecting 6.7 million Americans. An estimated 16% of emergency department (ED) patients with acute heart failure (AHF) are discharged home. Our Get with the Guidelines in Emergency Department Patients with Heart Failure (GUIDED-HF) toolkit aims to improve AHF self-care and facilitate safer transitions in care for these patients. We describe implementation barriers and facilitators, and the selection and refinement of implementation strategies, to facilitate future GUIDED-HF implementation.

Methods
A mixed-methods cross-sectional observational study was conducted in four United States EDs in two diverse healthcare systems in the Pacific West and Midwest. Data were collected using a survey and interviews with ED providers, nurses, and leaders. The survey assessed the ED context using the context scale of the Organizational Readiness to Change Assessment (ORCA). The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research informed interviews. Quantitative data were summarized using medians (interquartile ranges) or percentages (frequencies). Wilcoxon rank-sum tests and Kruskal–Wallis tests were used to assess differences in the healthcare system and profession. Qualitative data were analyzed and summarized using rapid qualitative analysis. Convergence of quantitative and qualitative data was used to inform specific refining of implementation strategies to the local context (e.g., who should serve as champions, how best practice alerts should be implemented).

Results
Participants were predominately white (76%) with median (IQR) age 37.0 (32.0, 41.0). ED leaders/administrators, providers, and nurses comprised 15%, 55%, and 29% of participants, respectively. Sites reported an ORCA context scale score of 3.7 [3.4, 4.0] (scale of 1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree). Comparison of scores by profession showed a significant difference in the context score among providers (3.9 [3.5, 4.0]), leaders (3.7 [3.5, 4.0]), and nurses (3.6 [3.0, 3.9]) (p = 0.048). Qualitative data indicated implementation barriers (e.g., resource limitations, patient health literacy), facilitators (e.g., GUIDED-HF is patient-centric; site and intervention congruent values, norms, and goals), and site-specific needs due to contextual factors (e.g., education needs, feedback mechanisms, champions).

Conclusions
Specific determinants of implementation exist in ED settings and require the refining of implementation strategies to overcome site-specific barriers and enhance facilitators.

Trial registration
n/a.
Habitual sleep duration, healthy eating, and digestive system cancer mortality
Authors: Nôga Diana A. , Meth Elisa M. S. , Pacheco André P. , Cedernaes Jonathan , Xue Pei , Benedict Christian 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Lifestyle choices, such as dietary patterns and sleep duration, significantly impact the health of the digestive system and may influence the risk of mortality from digestive system cancer.

Methods
This study aimed to examine the associations between sleep duration, dietary habits, and mortality from digestive system cancers. The analysis included 406,584 participants from the UK Biobank cohort (54.1% women; age range: 38–73 years), with sleep duration classified as short (≤ 6 h, 24.2%), normal (7–8 h, 68.4%), and long (≥ 9 h, 7.4%). Healthy eating habits were defined as a daily intake of at least 25 g of fibre, seven portions of fruits and vegetables, and fewer than four servings of meat per week. These dietary factors were combined into a score ranging from 0 (least healthy) to 3 (healthiest). Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were conducted, with a median follow-up period of 12.6 years, ending on September 30, 2021.

Results
3949 participants died from cancer of the digestive system. Both short and long sleep duration were associated with an increased risk of mortality from cancer of the digestive system (1.09 (1.01–1.18) and 1.14 (1.03–1.27), respectively). Additionally, a diet score ≥ 1 was linked to a lower cancer risk (0.72–0.91 (0.59–0.96)). Adjusting for smoking, type 2 diabetes, and body mass index (BMI) status eliminated the association between sleep duration and digestive cancer mortality. The association between healthy dietary patterns and the risk of digestive system cancer mortality did not vary by sleep duration.

Conclusions
Aberrant sleep durations may increase the risk of mortality from digestive system cancer, potentially through smoking, higher BMI, and type 2 diabetes. However, aberrant sleep durations do not seem to reduce the protective effects of a healthy dietary pattern.
Efficacy and safety of SHEN26, a novel oral small molecular RdRp inhibitor for COVID-19 treatment: a multicenter, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, phase II clinical trial
Authors: Bai Jiangtao , Asakawa Tetsuya , Yuan Wenfang , Lin Yuanlong , Ju Hao , Xu Dandan , Yang Mingming , Li Shuo , Li Guanguan , Guo Deyin , Lu Hongzhou , Zhang Xumu 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
SHEN26 (ATV014) is an oral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) inhibitor with potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity. Safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetic characteristics were verified in a Phase I study. This phase II study aimed to verify the efficacy and safety of SHEN26 in COVID-19 patients.

Methods
This was a multicenter randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study. Mild-to-moderate adult patients with COVID-19 were recruited and randomly assigned to the high-dose (400 mg), low-dose (200 mg), or placebo groups (1:1:1). The primary outcome measure was “changes in RNA levels on Day seven (D7)”. The second outcome measures were “changes of RNA levels on D3, D5, D10, D28,” “Time of clearance of virus.”

Results
A total of 91 patients were recruited in this study between December 08, 2022, and January 27, 2023. Twelve patients dropped out due to a lack of examination results. Finally, the data of 79 patients (24 in the placebo group, 31 in the 200 mg group, and 24 in the 400 mg group) were analyzed. No significant differences in the baseline data were observed between the groups. The changes of viral load were significantly higher on D3 (P = 0.0119), and D5 (P = 0.0120) in 400 mg group (vs. placebo group), and the difference value achieved 1.06 log10 copies/mL on D3 and 1.21 log10 copies/mL on D5. No significant difference was found in the viral clearance time between SHEN26 administrating groups and placebo groups. Administration of SHEN26 did not enhance drug-related ADEs and did not induce ADEs, and ADE inducing drug withdrawal, dose reduction, or death. Moreover, SHEN26 did not worsen the renal function.

Conclusions
Our findings indicate a better efficacy of a high dose (400 mg) for COVID-19 treatment. These preliminary data on the efficacy and safety provide useful information and a working basis for further verification and development of SHEN26 as a novel oral small-molecule antiviral drug for treating COVID-19.
Significant room for improvement in the prehospital assessment and treatment of acute abdominal pain: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Bjerén Rasmus , Magnusson Carl , Herlitz Johan , Bäckström Denise 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Acute abdominal pain (AAP) is a common reason for calling emergency medical services (EMS). Despite the widely acknowledged importance of effective prehospital pain management, described by patients as crucial regardless of any other factor, studies on prehospital pain management in AAP patients are limited and suggest room for improvement. This is particularly relevant given the long-standing controversy surrounding the use of analgesia in AAP patients before a final diagnosis is made, which may still influence the prehospital pain management.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study of pain management in EMS patients with AAP in a central Swedish region. The region had a population density of 15.7 inhabitants per square kilometer spread over a mix of small urban and rural settings. Patient records were manually reviewed and scanned for written assessments or numeric ratings of pain. The analysis focused on proportions of assessment, treatment and reassessment of pain as well as median pain intensity, pain reduction and proportion of patients with a low last recording of pain.

Results
816 patients were included. Pain was assessed in 55% (n = 447) of all cases. The median initial pain intensity was eight units (IQR 6.0–9.0) on the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), and 90% (n = 403) of the assessed patients experienced moderate or severe pain. Of those, 62% (n = 249) received pharmacological treatment. In 50% (n = 158) of all cases receiving treatment, pain was reassessed afterwards. The median pain reduction was four units (IQR 2.0–5.0) on the NRS scale. Among all cases, 10% (n = 84) had a last recorded pain assessment indicating low pain.

Conclusions
Significant room for improvement in the prehospital management of acute abdominal pain was found. The proportions of pain assessment, treatment and reassessment were low with nine out of ten patients leaving prehospital care with unknown, moderate or severe pain. Among the cases where pain assessment, treatment and reassessment were made and recorded, four out of five patients experienced significant pain relief, indicating the potential of better prehospital pain management.