bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Allium cepa (Onion) Bulb and Annona muricata (Soursop) Pulp Juices on Body Weight, Prostate Weight, Selected Hormones and Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) in Testosterone and Oestradiol-Induced Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in Albino Rats
Authors: Ibegbulem C. O.  , Ujowundu C. O.  , Ukairo D. I.  , Ihejieto H. A.  
Published: October 2023

Aim: This study investigated the effect of soursop pulp and onion bulb juice samples on body weight, prostate weight (PW), percentage prostate increase inhibition (PPII), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), testosterone (T), prolactin and PSA levels in testosterone and oestradiol-induced BPH in albino rats.
Study Design: The simple random design was used in this study.
Place and Duration of Study: Dave Research House, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria, between April 2022 and July 2022.
Methodology: Fifty-four (54) male albino rats were randomly distributed into 9 groups (A-I) of 6 rats each, with B to I induced with 10 mg/kg b.w of exogenous hormones (1:1) every 2 days. They were treated as follows: A (normal control), B (BPH control), C (standard control), D (10 ml/kg b.w soursop), E (10 ml/kg b.w onion), F (10 ml/kg b.w, 1:1 soursop and onion), G (20 ml/kg b.w soursop), H (20 ml/kg b.w onion), and I (20 ml/kg b.w, 1:1 soursop and onion), for 28 days. The rats were weighed weekly. At the end of the treatment, they were euthanized, prostate and serum samples were collected for further assessments.
Results: The results showed that at low dose, the body weights of the rats were maintained. The single samples at low dose improved PW and PPII better. DHT and T levels reduced in all test groups, and the standard control. The single samples reduced DHT levels with increase in concentration, while the soursop juice and combination samples decreased testosterone levels with increase in concentration. Prolactin levels significantly (p<.05) reduced in the test groups and standard control when compared with the BPH control. While, PSA levels also decreased in the test groups, but were not significantly (p>.05) different from the controls.
Conclusion: The study suggested that soursop pulp and onion bulb juices exerted ameliorative effects on BPH, especially individually, and at the low dose studied. Hence, their consumption by older males should be encouraged.
Low-Intensity Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy versus Oral Therapy in the Management of Mild and Moderate Erectile Dysfunction: A Prospective Randomized Study
Authors: Shakban Amr , El-Enen Mohamed Abo , Abdelhay Sherif Abdelrahman , Elgamasy Abdelnaser , Almekaty Khaled 
Published: October 2023

Background: One developing strategy for the treatment of Erectile Dysfunction (ED) involves the utilization of noninvasive low intensity extracorporeal shockwave (LI-ESWT) therapy. This method shows promise in enhancing erectile function, while also demonstrating satisfactory levels of safety and efficacy. The objective of the present investigation was to assess the safety and effectiveness of LI-ESWT in comparison to phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor (PDE5i) treatment for males experiencing mild to moderate ED.
Methods and Patients: This prospective randomized controlled trial (RCT) was done on sixty male individuals with ED with mild to moderate ED degree (index of erectile function (IIEF 5) =twelve-sixteen), married with stable heterosexual relationship for more than six months, proved to had vasculogenic ED etiology and vasculogenic ED by doppler,. Patients were randomly categorized into two equal groups by (Block randomization). Group A: underwent LI ESWT and Group B: received sildenafil hundred mg on demand.
Results: There was a important development in Erectile Hardness Score (EHS), IIEF-5, self- esteem and relationship (SEAR) scores at the treatment of the first and third months of in both groups when compared with level of baseline. Indicate that there were no important variance among group A and group B in terms of the IIEF-5, EHS at follow-up and baseline.
Conclusions: The findings of the research indicate that Li-ESWT had comparable efficacy to sildenafil in terms of treatment outcomes, as assessed by IIEF-5, SHE questionnaire. The observed enhancements in the EHS and IIEF-5 measures indicate that both interventions effectively improved function of erectile.
Hyperthyroidism
Authors: Lee Sun Y. , Pearce Elizabeth N. 
Published: October 2023

ImportanceOvert hyperthyroidism, defined as suppressed thyrotropin (previously thyroid-stimulating hormone) and high concentration of triiodothyronine (T3) and/or free thyroxine (FT4), affects approximately 0.2% to 1.4% of people worldwide. Subclinical hyperthyroidism, defined as low concentrations of thyrotropin and normal concentrations of T3 and FT4, affects approximately 0.7% to 1.4% of people worldwide. Untreated hyperthyroidism can cause cardiac arrhythmias, heart failure, osteoporosis, and adverse pregnancy outcomes. It may lead to unintentional weight loss and is associated with increased mortality.ObservationsThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves disease, with a global prevalence of 2% in women and 0.5% in men. Other causes of hyperthyroidism and thyrotoxicosis include toxic nodules and the thyrotoxic phase of thyroiditis. Common symptoms of thyrotoxicosis include anxiety, insomnia, palpitations, unintentional weight loss, diarrhea, and heat intolerance. Patients with Graves disease may have a diffusely enlarged thyroid gland, stare, or exophthalmos on examination. Patients with toxic nodules (ie, in which thyroid nodules develop autonomous function) may have symptoms from local compression of structures in the neck by the thyroid gland, such as dysphagia, orthopnea, or voice changes. Etiology can typically be established based on clinical presentation, thyroid function tests, and thyrotropin-receptor antibody status. Thyroid scintigraphy is recommended if thyroid nodules are present or the etiology is unclear. Thyrotoxicosis from thyroiditis may be observed if symptomatic or treated with supportive care. Treatment options for overt hyperthyroidism from autonomous thyroid nodules or Graves disease include antithyroid drugs, radioactive iodine ablation, and surgery. Treatment for subclinical hyperthyroidism is recommended for patients at highest risk of osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease, such as those older than 65 years or with persistent serum thyrotropin level less than 0.1 mIU/L.Conclusions and RelevanceHyperthyroidism affects 2.5% of adults worldwide and is associated with osteoporosis, heart disease, and increased mortality. First-line treatments are antithyroid drugs, thyroid surgery, and radioactive iodine treatment. Treatment choices should be individualized and patient centered.
Fixed‐time disturbance observer‐based fixed‐time path following control for small fixed‐wing UAVs under wind disturbances
Authors: Cui Lei , Zhou Qi , Huang Di , Yang Hongjiu 
Published: October 2023

SummaryIn this paper, the three‐dimensional path following control problem for small‐scale fixed‐wing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) subject to external wind disturbances is investigated. A fixed‐time disturbance observer is designed to estimate the external wind disturbance. The estimates are then incorporated into the fixed‐time integral terminal sliding mode controller such that a composite control scheme is proposed. Under the proposed control scheme, the UAV system not only guarantees a fixed‐time convergence rate but also possesses stronger disturbance rejection ability and better robustness. Finally, the effectiveness of this strategy is verified by numerical simulations.
Evaluation and Failure Mechanism of High‐Temperature Microwave Absorption for Heterogeneous Phase Enhanced High‐Entropy Transition Metal Oxides
Authors: Dai Guohao , You Xiao , Deng Ruixiang , Zhang Tao , Ouyang Huiying , Song Lixin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHerein, magnetic and conductive heterogeneous nickel‐matrix alloy is in situ constructed in the high‐entropy transition metal oxide matrix using a reductive circumstance, to form the high‐temperature resistant microwave absorbers. The ohmic, dielectric polarization and magnetic loss are enhanced synergistically, prompting the improvement of loss capacity and optimization of the impedance matching feature. The composites achieve over 90% absorption in the whole Ku band with a thickness of just 1.55 mm at room temperature. Moreover, the in situ high temperature measured microwave absorption keeps stable till 500 °C. In situ characterizations are employed to investigate the evolution processes and failure mechanisms. As the temperature elevates, there are three distinct stages. The absorber goes through minor chemical reactions, consequent elimination of magnetic loss, and a rapid increase in electroconductivity. These behaviors culminate in impedance mismatch, finally worsening its absorption performance at elevated temperatures. The proposed evaluation process reveals how the above irreversible and reversible behaviors affect high‐temperature microwave absorption, providing an effective theoretical basis for the design of high‐temperature microwave absorbers.
Gate Voltage Adjusting PbS‐I Quantum‐Dot‐Sensitized InGaZnO Hybrid Phototransistor with High‐Sensitivity
Authors: Zhang Cong , Yin Xingtian , Qian Guojiang , Sang Zi , Yang Yawei , Que Wenxiu 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPbS QDs/a‐IGZO based sensitized photo field‐effect transistors are promising candidate for next‐generation near‐infrared photodetectors due to their ultra‐high sensitivity, gate tunability, and ease of integration. However, the reported PbS QDs/a‐IGZO based devices are all dependent on the solid‐state ligand exchange, and are troubled by problems such as poor repeatability, poor air stability, and negative influence on the transfer characteristic curve. In this article, for the first time, optimized high‐quality PbI2 capped PbS QDs films prepared by the solution‐phase ligand exchange are applied to PbS QDs/a‐IGZO sensitized Photo‐FETs. The device not only gets rid of the tedious layer‐by‐layer deposition, but also exhibits a detectivity of 9.3 × 1012 Jones, a responsivity of 45.3 A W−1 and a decay time of 24.6 ms (@1064 nm, 1.89 mW cm−2). The operation mode of the sensitized device can meet different detection requirements by adjusting gate voltage. Importantly, the responsivity of the unencapsulated PbS‐I based device remained unchanged after six months air exposure, demonstrating excellent air stability.
Intratumoral Lactate Depletion Based on Injectable Nanoparticles−Hydrogel Composite System Synergizes with Immunotherapy against Postablative Hepatocellular Carcinoma Recurrence
Authors: Chen Ye , Bei Jiaxin , Chen Meijuan , Cai Weiguo , Zhou Zhimei , Cai Mingyue , Huang Wensou , Lin Liteng , Guo Yongjian , Liu Mingyu , Huang Xinkun , Xiao Zecong , Xu Zhili , Zhu Kangshun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThermal ablation is a crucial therapeutic modality for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but its efficacy is often hindered by the high recurrence rate attributed to insufficient ablation. Furthermore, the residual tumors following insufficient ablation exhibit a more pronounced immunosuppressive state, which accelerates the disease progression and leads to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) resistance. Herein, evidence is presented that heightened intratumoral lactate accumulation, stemming from the augmented glycolytic activity of postablative residual HCC cells, may serve as a crucial driving force in exacerbating the immunosuppressive state of the tumor microenvironment (TME). To address this, an injectable nanoparticles‐hydrogel composite system (LOX‐MnO2@Gel) is designed that gradually releases lactate oxidase (LOX)‐loaded hollow mesoporous MnO2 nanoparticles at the tumor site to continuously deplete intratumoral lactate via a cascade catalytic reaction. Using subcutaneous and orthotopic HCC tumor‐bearing mouse models, it is confirmed that LOX‐MnO2@Gel‐mediated local lactate depletion can transform the immunosuppressive postablative TME into an immunocompetent one and synergizes with ICB therapy to significantly inhibit residual HCC growth and lung metastasis, thereby prolonging the survival of mice postablation. The work proposes an appealing strategy for synergistically combining antitumor metabolic therapy with immunotherapy to combat postablative HCC recurrence.
Polypeptoids: Exploring the Power of Sequence Control in a Photoresist for Extreme‐Ultraviolet Lithography
Authors: Käfer Florian , Wang Chaoqiuyu , Huang Yuming , Bard Francesca , Segalman Rachel , Ober Christopher K. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA new type of a positive tone chemically amplified photoresist based on well‐defined, sequence‐controlled polypeptoids with ten repeat‐units are synthesized and their potential for extreme‐UV lithography (EUVL) is demonstrated, resulting in line‐space patterns of 70 nm pitch. The synthesized samples contain 4‐(ethyl) phenol (Eph) and propyne (Ppy) side chains, while their change in solubility upon exposure is induced by the deprotection of 4‐(ethyl) phenol side groups. The resist performance is evaluated using deep UV and extreme‐UV lithography. While all samples are developable in isopropyl alcohol, the content, and the sequence of hydrophobic alkyne side chains lead to a detectable change in solubility, dissolution rate, and resist performance.
Guided‐Wave‐Excited Metasurface with Phase Modulation for Multichannel OAM Vortex Beams Generation and Switching
Authors: Peng Shuang , Yang Fei , Liu Chen Xi , Ma Jie , Fu Xiao Jian , Xie Ya Ting , Li Su Rui , Zhou Yun Fei , Yu Qian 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMultichannel orbital angular momentum (OAM) generation based on metasurfaces has brought significant advancements in expanding communication capacity. However, the realization of truly integrated optics is still challenging and important aspects such as beam scanning and rapid electronic switching among OAM channels, which are crucial for broad‐area communication coverage, have received little attention until now. Herein, a novel concept for multichannel OAM vortex beams generation and switching is proposed, realized by a guided‐wave‐excited metasurface (GWEM) in conjunction with a single pole five throws (SP5T) RF switch. A holography‐based theory is developed and employed to complete the array synthesis and analysis procedure without the need for a 2π phase modulation. As a proof of concept, a prototype of the GWEM is experimentally demonstrated with high qualities, including the generation of five channels of OAM vortex beams with a scanning range of ±35° in the elevation plane, a measured OAM mode purity of up to 84.5%, and consistent maintenance of the topological charge l = 2 state from 25 to 27 GHz. The proposed strategy features cost‐effectiveness, compactness, and fast nanosecond‐scale electronic switching for multichannel OAM vortex beams, making it highly applicable in space‐limited automotive radar, imaging, and communication systems.
Engineering the Infrared Optical Response of Plasmonic Structures with ϵ‐Near‐Zero III‐V Semiconductors
Authors: Fehlen Pierre , Guise Julien , Thomas Guillaume , Gonzalez‐Posada Fernando , Loren Patricia , Cerutti Laurent , Rodriguez Jean‐Baptiste , Spitzer Denis , Taliercio Thierry 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe pursuit for enhanced light‐matter interactions using ever more suitable plasmonic materials has led to the development of novel bulk materials, such as ϵ‐near‐zero (ENZ) media. The ability to control the free carrier density gives semiconductors a significant advantage over traditionally used noble metals and phonon‐based materials as ENZ media for infrared applications. A metal‐ENZ‐metal structure is designed of epitaxially‐grown III‐V semiconductors and patterned into nanoantennas by electron‐beam lithography (from 200 up to 1800 nm) and demonstrates plasmonic resonances tuned from the terahertz up to the near‐infrared, according to the ENZ doping level (1 × 1016, 1 × 1019, and 2 × 1019 cm‐3). Experimental results, corroborated by numerical simulations, show that the designed metal‐ENZ‐metal structure is a promising vehicle to provide additional insights regarding ENZ‐based phenomena including the resonance pinning, the near‐constant phase, and the dispersive nature of ENZ materials. It is believed that III‐V semiconductors within a metal‐ENZ‐metal structure address the problem of weak light‐matter interactions and shall greatly benefit infrared applications, e.g., sensing and communication, as they can be engineered to take advantage of both plasmon and ENZ effects and integrated onto modern photonics devices.
Bioinspired Fe(II)‐Mediated Halogenative C−C Bond Activation of Ozonides: Temporary Installment of a Peroxide Bridge Allows Selective C−C Scissions for Replacement of a Carbonyl Group by a Halogen
Authors: Yaremenko Ivan A. , Belyakova Yulia Yu. , Demina Arina A. , Radulov Peter S. , Alabugin Igor V. , Terent'ev Alexander O. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA selective reaction of bridged ozonides with Fe(II) salts proceeds through the sequence of O−O, C−C scissions and halogenation to form α‐halogen substituted δ‐ketoesters and δ‐diketones in 15–72% yields. The overall sequence shows how a temporary installation of a peroxide functionality can be used to replace the acyl group within an acetoacetic ester unit with a halogen.
Exosomal mRNAs for Angiogenic–Osteogenic Coupled Bone Repair
Authors: Ma Yifan , Sun Lili , Zhang Jingjing , Chiang Chi‐ling , Pan Junjie , Wang Xinyu , Kwak Kwang Joo , Li Hong , Zhao Renliang , Rima Xilal Y. , Zhang Chi , Zhang Anan , Liu Yutong , He Zirui , Hansford Derek , Reategui Eduardo , Liu Changsheng , Lee Andrew S. , Yuan Yuan , Lee Ly James 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRegenerative medicine in tissue engineering often relies on stem cells and specific growth factors at a supraphysiological dose. These approaches are costly and may cause severe side effects. Herein, therapeutic small extracellular vesicles (t‐sEVs) endogenously loaded with a cocktail of human vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF‐A) and human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP‐2) mRNAs within a customized injectable PEGylated poly (glycerol sebacate) acrylate (PEGS‐A) hydrogel for bone regeneration in rats with challenging femur critical‐size defects are introduced. Abundant t‐sEVs are produced by a facile cellular nanoelectroporation system based on a commercially available track‐etched membrane (TM‐nanoEP) to deliver plasmid DNAs to human adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAdMSCs). Upregulated microRNAs associated with the therapeutic mRNAs are enriched in t‐sEVs for enhanced angiogenic–osteogenic regeneration. Localized and controlled release of t‐sEVs within the PEGS‐A hydrogel leads to the retention of therapeutics in the defect site for highly efficient bone regeneration with minimal low accumulation in other organs.
Oxygen Vacancies Mediated Co‐Sputtered Ti‐Doped BiVO4Thin Films‐Based Transparent Photovoltaic Device
Authors: Ghosh Shuvaraj , Patel Malkeshkumar , Choi Hyeon‐Gyu , Youn Sung‐Min , Jeong Chaehwan , Kim Joondong 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBiVO4, a narrow bandgap material (2.5 eV), has been widely explored for photocatalytic applications, but its applications in the optoelectronic field are unexplored. This work explores BiVO4for photovoltaic devices using the oxygen vacancies mediated co‐sputtered Ti‐doped BiVO4(Ti:BiVO4) that exhibits on‐site power production by photovoltaics and see‐through features. The structural, chemical, and optical properties of Ti:BiVO4 are investigated for heterojunction formation with p‐type NiO film. The sputtering power of Ti plays a significant role in improving the light absorption capability by increasing oxygen vacancy concentration, enhancing the device performance. The devices show an open‐circuit voltage value of 676 mV and a short‐circuit current density value of 4.83 mA cm−2with a maximum power production value of 122.2 µW under UV illumination of intensity 53.1 mW cm−2. The obtained device performances correlate with the Ti dopant's deposition power that tunes the structural and optical properties of BiVO4films. Moreover, in self‐powered mode, the fabricated devices show a fast photoresponse speed of 0.8 ms with a high detectivity value of 2.22 × 1012Jones. This work establishes the suitability of co‐sputtered Ti:BiVO4for the next generation of transparent self‐powered optoelectronic devices.
Surfactant‐modified electrode–electrolyte interface for steering CO2 electrolysis on Cu electrodes
Authors: Dong Lei , Ge Wangxin , Fan Yu , Zhang Wenfei , Jiang Hongliang , Zhao Yongqing , Li Chunzhong 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCu‐based catalysts exhibit the unique ability to generate high‐order products from electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). The performance of electrochemical systems is jointly influenced by the catalysts and local microenvironment of the electrode–electrolyte interface. Here, Cu nanowires as a model catalyst, in combination with cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) as electrolyte additives, are designed to steer CO2RR. By using the Cu rotating disc electrode and in situ vibrational spectroscopy, it is revealed that the hydrophobic interface microenvironment is built, and the interaction of interfacial water and surface‐adsorbed CO is disrupted by CTAB, which dramatically improve formate selectivity (from 5% to 63%) with a high partial current density of formate (13‐fold increase) at −1.0 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode. The understanding of the surfactant‐modified electrode–electrolyte interface established here offers a distinct perspective to control the microenvironment on promoting electrosynthesis performance.
Scalable Synthesis and Electrocatalytic Performance of Highly Fluorinated Covalent Organic Frameworks for Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Martínez‐Fernández Marcos , Martínez‐Periñán Emiliano , de la Peña Ruigómez Alejandro , Cabrera‐Trujillo Jorge J. , Navarro Jorge A. R. , Aguilar‐Galindo Fernando , Rodríguez‐San‐Miguel David , Ramos Mar , Vismara Rebecca , Zamora Félix , Lorenzo Encarnación , Segura José L. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this study, we present a novel approach for the synthesis of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) that overcomes the common limitations of non‐scalable solvothermal procedures. Our method allows for the room‐temperature and scalable synthesis of a highly fluorinated DFTAPB‐TFTA‐COF, which exhibits intrinsic hydrophobicity. We used DFT‐based calculations to elucidate the role of the fluorine atoms in enhancing the crystallinity of the material through corrugation effects, resulting in maximized interlayer interactions, as disclosed both from PXRD structural resolution and theoretical simulations. We further investigated the electrocatalytic properties of this material towards the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Our results show that the fluorinated COF produces hydrogen peroxide selectively with low overpotential (0.062 V) and high turnover frequency (0.0757 s−1) without the addition of any conductive additives. These values are among the best reported for non‐pyrolyzed and metal‐free electrocatalysts. Finally, we employed DFT‐based calculations to analyse the reaction mechanism, highlighting the crucial role of the fluorine atom in the active site assembly. Our findings shed light on the potential of fluorinated COFs as promising electrocatalysts for the ORR, as well as their potential applications in other fields.