bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and assessment of child malnutrition in South Asia
Authors: Govindaraj Rose , Premkumar Ayyan , Sivasankar Vedi 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background:
Child malnutrition has been a major social problem in South Asia. Throughout the twentieth century, with aid from international food and health-related agencies and through government interventions, there has been a reduction in child malnutrition in this region. However, South Asia is burdened with a high prevalence of malnourished children in the world. About one hundred million children suffer from malnutrition-related issues. The present study has attempted to assess the conditions of child malnutrition in South Asia.

Materials and Methods:
The present study is based on secondary data from various sources such as the World Bank, WHO, and UNICEF databases. The study is categorized into three sections. The first section lays out the malnutrition trends in South Asia. It highlights the data on how the Stunting, Wasting, and obesity problems are changing in South Asia from 2000 to the present. The second section outlines the causes of child malnutrition in South Asia. It will focus on determinants of child malnutrition, mother’s literacy, family income, and social inequities. The third section elaborates on the United Nations (UN) system interventions.

Results:
There has been a consistent reduction in the prevalence of child malnutrition from the twentieth century to the twenty-first century; however, there is still a significant number of children and women under malnutrition; there is a demand for optimal nutrition at every stage of life. The effects of malnutrition are associated with less development physical and psychological; there is a risk even to the life of the child; it is also associated with the socio-economic development of the child. Thus, it affects the child’s future and the nation’s future.

Conclusion:
Finally, the paper concludes by recommending greater synergy among the food system, water and sanitation system, health system, education system, and social protection system.
A study to evaluate sensorimotor function of the upper and lower extremities of hospitalized cardiovascular accident patients by using mirror therapy as an intervention
Authors: Ramaswamy Deepa , Parimala S 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background:
Cerebrovascular accidents (CVAs) represent a substantial public health concern due to their high prevalence and associated mortality. Reports indicate that 85% of CVA survivors experience hemiplegia, with 69% suffering from limitations in their upper limb functionality. Despite the existing standard therapeutic approaches, achieving active recovery in the upper extremities remains a challenge. Mirror therapy is an uncomplicated, cost-effective, and patient-centered approach to stroke management.

Materials and Methods:
This study is a prospective observational study with a quasi-experimental design, with two groups, namely interventional and control groups. Patients who had been provisionally diagnosed and hospitalized with unilateral ischemic stroke and had upper and lower weakness or both on one side and were willing to participate in the study were included. Patients who are bedridden, ventilated, unconscious, and psychologically unstable are excluded from the study. A total of 60 patients were included in the study, 30 each in the case and control groups.

Results:
In total, 60 patients were included in the study, 30 each in the case and control groups. Most of the study participants belong to the age group of over 55 years (66.66% in the experiment group and 53.33% in the control group). Overall, 80% (n = 24) of the experiment group participants and 66.6% (n = 20) of the control group participants were males.

Conclusion:
The observations of this study depict a significant improvement in the sensorimotor function after receiving mirror therapy, which validates the findings of the previous studies and hypotheses.
Spectrum of non-neoplastic skin diseases: a histopathology-based clinicopathological correlation study
Authors: Kaul Urshlla , Chawla Archi Arun , Sahu Shilpi , Dhar Reeta 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background:
Non-neoplastic skin diseases encompass a wide array of pathologies ranging from autoimmune to infectious to diseases of unknown etiology. Clinical and microscopic examinations are the two most critical diagnostic modalities for managing skin disorders. The aim was to study the correlation between clinical and histopathological appearances of non-neoplastic skin lesions.

Materials and Methods:
This retrospective study was conducted at MGM Medical College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. Three hundred punch biopsies from the skin were studied for 3 years, from January 2014 to January 2017. The patient’s clinical details, including age and sex, along with other relevant findings, were taken from the requisition forms received.

Results:
Maximum cases were of infectious diseases 128 cases (43%), followed by non-infectious inflammatory diseases 92 cases (31%), vesico-bullous disorders 34 cases (11%), vascular diseases 14 cases (5%), connective tissue diseases 13 cases (4%), 6 cases (2%) each of pigmented lesions, congenital disorders, and miscellaneous. Male preponderance was seen with 177 cases (59%), with the male-to-female ratio being 1.43:1. The most typical affected age group was 21–40 years. Our study’s most common clinical presentation was plaque 122 (40.7%), followed by clinicopathological concordance in 218 cases (72.6%).

Conclusion:
Histopathological examination is essential for confirming numerous non-neoplastic skin diseases, along with comprehensive clinical history and the use of specific stains, which helped validate the diagnosis.
Evaluation of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and Ki 67 immunoexpression in epithelial ovarian tumors with histopathological correlation
Authors: Priyadarshini Priyambada , Patro Manoj Kumar , Dash Anushuya , Pradhan Swayam Prava , Senapati Sunita Rani , Mohanty Saroj Ranjan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background:
Ovarian cancer ranks sixth among women’s cancers globally and seventh among cancer-related deaths. Around 90% of ovarian cancers have an epithelial genesis. Steroid hormones like progesterone and estrogen largely influence the development of ovarian cancers. In ovarian neoplasms, the proliferation marker Ki 67 helps forecast the course of the disease.

Objective:
To study the immunohistochemical expression pattern of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and Ki 67 in the surface epithelial ovarian tumors (SEOTs) and correlate the findings with the standard histopathological.

Materials and Methods:
This prospective study was conducted in the Department of Pathology, MKCG Medical College and Hospital, Brahmapur, from November 2020 to October 2022 on 62 surface epithelial ovarian tumor cases. All the patients were evaluated for standard histopathological parameters and immuno-histochemistry (IHC) status using ER, PR, and Ki 67 as primary antibodies.

Results:
A total of 62 cases of SEOTs constituted the study group, of which 42 (67.74%) were benign, 5 (8.06%) were borderline, and 15 (24.2%) were malignant on histopathological evaluation: serous SEOTs (41, 66.12%), mucinous SEOTs (18, 29.03%), endometrioid SEOTs (2, 3.22%), and clear cell carcinoma (1, 1.61%). ER expression was more in malignant tumors (10/15; 66.66%) than in borderline (3/5; 60%) and benign (11/42; 26.19%), but the expression of PR was more in benign (27/42; 64.28%), followed by borderline (3/5; 60%) and malignant (8/15; 53.33%) SEOTs. Expression of Ki 67 was found to be more malignant (14/15; 93.33%) than borderline (4/5; 80%) and benign (2/42; 4.76%) SEOTs.

Conclusion:
ER and Ki 67 were expressed more in malignant, followed by borderline and benign, whereas PR expression was more innocent than borderline and malignant.
Effect of fast stretch-shortening cycle plyometric training on lower limb strength qualities in rhythmic gymnasts
Authors: Ng Phoebe Xiao Yan , Ler Hui Yin , Low Jiun Yang , Chan Kai Quin 
Published: December 2023

Introduction:
This study aimed to investigate the effects of a 6-week fast stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) plyometric training programme on both fast and slow SSC strength qualities in pre-teen rhythmic gymnasts.

Methods:
Twenty-two female gymnasts, aged 10.8 ± 1.2 years, were divided into an experimental group (EG, n = 11) and a control group (CG, n = 11). Both groups underwent a series of tests such as 10/5 repeated jump and the countermovement jump before and after the 6-week plyometric intervention programme. All participants remained in their regular rhythmic gymnastics training during the intervention period and only EG underwent the fast SSC plyometric training. The plyometric training consists of three exercises focused on achieving a ground contact time of <0.25s. The volume of foot contact was increased after 3 weeks, from 150 to 240 with 30 s rest between sets and 2 min rest between exercises for two times per week.

Results:
Results showed that EG improved significantly on reactive strength index (RSI) (53.5% ± 46.1%, P < 0.001) and jump height (JH) (8.3% ± 25%, P = 0.018), but not for CG. Furthermore, significant differences were found in RSI (P = 0.015) and JH (P = 0.006) between EG and CG at post-test.

Conclusions:
The study concluded that plyometric training that focuses on fast SSC implemented for 6 weeks on pre-teen gymnasts improves the RSI and JH, which shows that fast SSC exercises enhance the reactive strength and suggest that adaptations from fast SSC training can be transferred to slow SSC capabilities.
An association of speed performance with bone mineral density in national-level Kho-Kho players
Authors: Kalpana Kommi , Khanna Gulshan Lal , Bhati Pooja 
Published: December 2023

Purpose:
The study investigated the status of bone mineral density (BMD), serum Vitamin D and calcium and their association with performance outcomes in national-level Kho-Kho players.

Methods:
Kho-Kho players (n = 52; aged 16–31 years) undergoing training in a national camp were recruited. A lumbar spine (L1–L4) scan was performed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry to assess BMD. Blood samples were obtained to assess serum calcium and Vitamin D3 status. The 30-m sprint and Illinois tests were used to estimate speed and agility performance, respectively. The Spearman correlation and linear regression were used to ascertain the association between BMD and performance outcomes.

Results:
T-score was lower in 22.5% (mean ± standard deviation: 0.32 ± 0.96; range: −2 to +3), and serum Vitamin D3 was lower (<20 ng/ml) in 13.7% and insufficient (>20=<30 ng/ml) in 54.9% of players. No significant correlation between BMD (T-score and Z-score), serum Vitamin D3 and calcium was observed. T-score (r = 0.295, P < 0.05) and Z-score (r = 0.321, P < 0.05) were significantly positively correlated with speed but not with agility. An association was also found between Z-score (standardised-β: 1.38, confidence interval [CI]: 0.34–2.44, P < 0.01) and T-score (standardised-β: 1.49, CI: 0.37–2.62, P < 0.01) and speed.

Conclusion:
Low BMD and Vitamin D3 deficiency were prevalent amongst Kho-Kho players. Speed performance has an association with BMD.
Role of Peer Assessment in Modifying Professional Behavior among Phase 1 Medical Undergraduates: A Prospective Interventional Study
Authors: Chopra Jyoti , Dixit Rakesh K. , Sindhu Suyog , Pathak Anurag , Agrawal Shuchi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackground:India’s competency-based medical education curriculum has now included professionalism as a core competency for medical graduates. However, assessing professionalism and interpersonal skills remains challenging. This study explores the impact of peer assessment (PA) on MBBS first-phase students’ professional behavior and its association with gender and academic performance.Methodology:We conducted a prospective interventional study. Over three iterations which were done at the interval of 1 month, each student evaluated six peers using the “Rochester PA tool” comprising 15 standardized items. Statistical analysis employedt-tests, Chi-square tests, analysis of variance, and correlation tests.Results:Hundred and forty students were enrolled and their responses were analyzed. “Unable to answer” responses significantly decreased over time (P< 0.0001), particularly when students did not consider peers as close friends (P< 0.001). PA scores remained stable over three timelines, but in the first and second iterations, females received higher scores for all the factors except for intrapersonal attributes. Academic grades correlated positively with PA scores for work habits, global items, and overall performance but not for interpersonal attributes.Conclusions:This study highlights PA as a valuable training tool for inculcating an understanding of professionalism among medical students in early years of MBBS course. We did not find any improvement in the professional behavior after repeated implementation of PA probably because the gap between the two evaluations was insufficient to bring about noticeable behavioral changes. Further research is required to explore if early introduction of such assessments in medical school can nurture the professional development leading to improvement in the accuracy of later peer evaluations.
Three-dimensional Printing, Bioink, Organ Printing, and Tissue Engineering Technologies, and Their Application in Modern Anatomical Pedagogy
Authors: Singh Gyanraj , Mohapatra Malay 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In the evolving landscape of anatomy education, this review highlights the game changing advancements and their educational implications, focusing on the integration of three-dimensional (3D) printing, bioinks, organ printing, and tissue engineering technologies. While traditional teaching methodologies offer basic foundational knowledge, there are recognized gaps, particularly in providing a dynamic understanding of the human anatomy. 3D printing technologies, including digital anatomical printing and polyjet, emerge as crucial tools for bridging this gap and allowing the creation of customized and detailed anatomical models that facilitate a deeper understanding of the subject. Bioinks play a vital role in developing interactive tissue models, enhancing students’ engagement with living tissues and providing insight into cellular functions and physiological processes. The review also explores organ printing and contribution of tissue engineering in offering detailed organ replicas and biological substitutes enhancing students’ interaction and understanding of anatomy further. These innovations significantly influence modern anatomical pedagogy by fostering interactive learning, providing personalized educational tools and preparing students effectively for their future careers in healthcare. This comprehensive review aims not only to explore these technologies but also to anticipate the future of anatomical education, offering a vision where learning is as intricate and dynamic as the anatomy it elucidates.
Incorporating Storytelling into the Medical Curriculum
Authors: Shrivastava Saurabh RamBihariLal , Shrivastava Prateek Saurabh , Mendhe Harshal , Joshi Abhishek 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Effective delivery of medical education depends on a number of factors and the role of every stakeholder is crucial to ensure the development of competent medical graduates. Storytelling in the delivery of medical education essentially refers to the employment of narratives, anecdotes, and real-life experiences to stories to share and teach medical concepts and principles. Storytelling offers a wide range of benefits to medical students and empowers them to become better and more compassionate clinicians. Each medical institution must explore the possibility of introducing storytelling within the medical curriculum to benefit students in terms of the attainment of their learning outcomes. In conclusion, storytelling in medical education is a teaching–learning method that can play its part in the development of empathy, promoting cultural understanding, and creating ethical awareness. Considering the merits of storytelling, it is the need of the hour to adopt a systematic plan to enable its integration and move forward in a journey toward creating more empathetic and culturally competent medical doctors.
Comparative Evaluation of Various Lens and Ring Flash Combination for Intraoral Photography
Authors: Harikrishnan S , Dinesh SPS , Sivakumar A , Awadh W , Alshehri A , Albar NH , Alamoudi A , Bahammam SA , Zidane B , Bahammam HA , Albar DH , Bahammam MA , Alzahrani KJ , Kalra S , Patil S 
Published: December 2023

Background:
Extraoral and intraoral dental photographs serve as preoperative records and document the entire treatment. Correctly composed orthodontic photographs are crucial for remote diagnosis and may serve as a bulwark against medicolegal challenges.

Materials and Methods:
In this prospective study, intraoral frontal photographs of patients with ideal occlusion were taken using two types of lenses (EF-S 18-55 mm f/3.5-5.6 IS STM lens (Canon, Tokyo, JP), SP 90 mm F/2.8 MACRO VC lens (Model F017 Tamron, NY, USA)) and two different ring flash systems (Meike FC-100 Macro Ring LED Light (Meike, China), Macro Ring flash Lite YN-14EX (Yongnuo digital, China)). The combination of lens and flash used was grouped into four groups. Twenty-eight intraoral photographs of patients were taken. An image quality assessment survey was distributed among two groups – 50 orthodontists and 50 other dental specialists.

Results:
The participants were asked to assess all the intraoral images and subjectively score them on a scale of one to ten, with one being very poor and ten being excellent, considering the sharpness, color, brightness, contrast, and overall quality of the image. The general dentists rated the images taken with a 90-mm macro lens and ring flash as the best quality photographs. Images obtained using an 18–55 mm lens and ring LED received significantly lesser scores and were graded good by dentists.

Conclusion:
This combination of lens and flash may prove a valuable investment in the long-term aiding in excellent dental images for diagnosis and treatment monitoring.
Comparison of Oral Health and Salivary Biomarkers in Children with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis and Healthy Individuals
Authors: Çalışkan C , Durmuş B , Yıldırım HS , Demir F , Sözeri B 
Published: December 2023

Aim:
This study examines the effects of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) on the oral health and detectability of inflammatory biomarkers IL-17, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and total antioxidant status (TAS) in the saliva of children with JIA.

Patients and Methods:
This study included 117 participants (39 patients with JIA and 78 systemically healthy subjects aged 8–12 years). Demographic data, responses to an oral health-related questionnaire, saliva samples, periodontal parameters [plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI) and bleeding on probing (BOP)] and dental recordings [facial profile (FP) and dental occlusion relationship (DOR)] were obtained. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to determine the levels of salivary IL-17, TNF-α and TAS.

Results:
The Caries Assessment Spectrum and Treatment (CAST) index, FP and DOR distributions did not change between groups (P > 0.05). JIA patients had more temporomandibular joint (TMJ) discomfort than gingivitis patients and healthy subjects (P < 0.05). JIA patients had greater salivary IL-17 levels than healthy subjects (P < 0.05). The healthy group’s TAS was higher than that of the JIA and gingivitis groups (P < 0.05). Saliva TNF-α levels were similar between groups (P > 0.05). PI, GI, BOP and TNF-α were positively associated with salivary IL-17 (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
Elevated salivary IL-17 and TAS levels could be used as biological markers for discriminating the clinical health status of children with JIA and gingivitis.
Diagnostic Value of Ischemia-Modified Albumin as a Biomarker in Patients with Peripheral Vertigo at Emergency Department of State Hospital in Ankara: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Karakılıç E , Çelikel E , Uysal PI , Topçuoğlu C , Turhan T , Özakın E 
Published: December 2023

Background:
In previous studies, it was shown that ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) is an early marker of ischemia and different pathologies. However, IMA level change is unknown in patients with peripheral vertigo. It is also known that serum albumin levels can change in some patients with peripheral vertigo and that changes in serum albumin levels affect IMA levels.

Aim:
In this study, we aimed to assess IMA, albumin-adjusted IMA, and albumin levels in patients with peripheral vertigo by comparing a control group.

Materials and Methods:
This prospective, case-control study included 46 patients aged 18-70 years who presented to emergency department with vertigo. Forty-nine healthy volunteers without known disease were included as controls. Serum albumin and IMA levels were measured, and albumin-adjusted IMA levels were calculated. Data were analyzed by statistical methods.

Results:
Mean age was 54.0 ± 15.7 in the patient group, whereas 43.8 ± 9.9 years in the control group. Albumin level was found to be significantly lower in patients with peripheral vertigo when compared to controls (P < 0.001). IMA level was found to be higher in the patient group compared to the controls, but it was not statistically significant (P = 0.06). However, albumin-adjusted IMA, which shows the real IMA level, was found to be higher than the control group (P = 0.02).

Conclusion:
It was observed that IMA level was slightly higher in patients with peripheral vertigo, although not significantly, compared to the control group. However, the albumin-adjusted IMA level, which indicates the real IMA level, was observed to be higher in this group than in the control group. It was determined that the sensitivity of this test was 34%, and the specificity was 87%. Patients with peripheral vertigo had lower albumin levels compared to controls.
Sedation with Propofol and Propofol–Ketamine (Ketofol) in Flexible Bronchoscopy: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Prospective Study
Authors: Ulutas H , Ucar M , Celik MR , Agar M , Gulcek I 
Published: December 2023

Background:
The flexible bronchoscopy procedure, which is performed in awake conditions or under local anesthesia, is a difficult and complicated procedure for patients and physicians. Propofol is a fast-acting sedative-hypnotic anesthetic with a rapid return. Ketamine hydrochloride is a fast-acting general anesthetic producing an anesthetic state characterized by deep analgesia, normal pharyngeal, and laryngeal reflexes.

Materials and Method:
The study was planned in a randomized, prospective, and double-blind design. The drug(s) administered by the anesthesiologist was not known to the bronchoscopist and the patient. A total of 64 cases were included in the study (34/propofol, 30/ketamine–propofol (ketofol) group). Group propofol received 0.1 mL/kg propofol, and group ketofol received 0.1 mL/kg ketofol intravenously over approximately 30 seconds. Vital signs, non-invasive blood pressure, peripheral oxygen saturation, and pulse values of all cases were measured three times and were recorded just before the start of the procedure, after entering the trachea, and after the procedure was terminated. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and The Ramsay scoring were additionally used in the present study.

Results:
Statistically significant differences were detected between the groups in terms of blood pressure and heart rates. Statistically significant differences were detected between the two groups according to The VAS scoring and additional dose requirement.

Conclusion:
It must be noted that flexible bronchoscopy procedures, which are performed with local anesthesia by both the patient and the physician with a high degree of difficulty, especially combined drugs to be applied with anesthesia support, are more effective/comfortable/reliable, and have fewer complications and higher tolerability if there are no contraindications.