bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of migratory tendency in European Quail Coturnix c. coturnix, domestic Japanese Quail Coturnix c. japonica and their hybrids
Authors: DERÉGNAUCOURT SEBASTIEN , GUYOMARC’H JEAN‐CHARLES , BELHAMRA MOHAMED 
Published: January 2005

Since the 1970s, the decline of the occidental populations of European Quail Coturnix c. coturnix, a partial migrant Galliform species, has driven the release of domestic Japanese Quail Coturnix c. japonica into the wild as game birds. Recent experiments suggest that reproductive isolating mechanisms have not developed to prevent hybridization between European and Japanese Quail. To assess the potential impact of hybridization between the subspecies in the wild, this study aims to compare the migratory characteristics of captive European Quail, domestic Japanese Quail, F1 hybrids and a backcross. In a laboratory experiment, birds hatched in summer and reared under a natural photoperiod were transferred during winter to an artificial photoperiod (light–dark) of 14 : 10 h. Behavioural (migratory restlessness, crowing activity in males) and physiological (sexual development, fat accumulation, body mass) measures were recorded. Domestic Japanese Quail showed no migratory tendency in response to the increased day length. F1 hybrids showed rapid sexual development and few of them exhibited the typical profile of a migrant bird. Backcrosses showed great variation in their response, comparable with those of the European Quail. Therefore, hybridization could lead to an increased proportion of quail showing sedentary rather than migratory behaviour. Furthermore, hybrids that do show migratory behaviour have the potential to facilitate Japanese gene flow into areas where the release of domestic Quail as game birds is not yet practised.
First pairing in Snow GeeseAnser caerulescens: at what age and at what time of year does it occur?
Authors: GANTER BARBARA , BOYD W. SEAN , BARANYUK VASILY V. , COOKE FRED 
Published: January 2005

In migratory birds, the place and time of pair formation are important parameters for population structure and dynamics. Geese are not only migratory but also exhibit long‐term monogamy, and therefore the first pairing event in a bird's lifetime is of particular importance. Through behavioural observations of young, known‐age, marked birds conducted on the wintering grounds during three winter seasons we investigated two aspects of the timing of first pair formation in the Wrangel Island population of Snow GeeseAnser caerulescens: (1) the age at which birds first form pair bonds, and (2) the seasonal pattern of first pair formation. Wrangel Island Snow Geese paired considerably later in life than Snow Geese from a low‐Arctic population: almost none of the birds formed pairs in their second winter, and many were still in sibling groups for at least part of that season. The proportion of birds in pairs continued to increase until at least 5 years of age. Most pairing took place during the observation periods, and in general the proportion of birds in pair bonds increased gradually throughout the winter season. The amount of pairing during spring migration or summer varied annually and among cohorts, indicating that even very young birds may be able to form pair bonds quickly if conditions on the breeding grounds are unusually favourable. Pairing later and remaining in family groups longer may be a response to breeding conditions in this high‐Arctic colony. Here, productivity is typically low due to harsh weather and predation, whereas Snow Geese breeding in the low Arctic are less restricted and form pairs and start to breed when younger. The fact that most, but not all, pairing takes place on the wintering grounds helps explain why a previous study found a certain amount of gene flow between the two Wrangel Island subpopulations with separate wintering grounds.
Pair bond and breeding success in Blue TitsParus caeruleusand Great TitsParus major
Authors: PAMPUS MIRIAM , SCHMIDT KARL‐HEINZ , WILTSCHKO WOLFGANG 
Published: January 2005

Data from 939 nests of the Blue TitParus caeruleusand 1008 nests of the Great TitP. majorfrom nestboxes provided in superabundance in mixed forest study sites between 1976 and 2001 were analysed to examine the effects of mate retention on breeding success and the relationship between mate fidelity and site fidelity. Most birds retained their former partner (76% in Great Tits and 65% in Blue Tits). The probability of a pair divorcing was affected by male age in Great Tits, divorce being more likely in pairs with first‐year males. Great Tit pairs breeding together for a second season bred earlier, but had no higher breeding success than pairs breeding together for the first time. In Blue Tits laying date and start of incubation tended to be earlier in pairs breeding together for a second season, but hatching and fledging dates were not earlier than in other pairs. Great Tit pairs breeding together for two consecutive seasons bred earlier in the second season than in the first, but breeding success did not differ significantly between years. In both species, breeding performance did not differ between pairs that divorced after a season and pairs that stayed together. Thus breeding success did not determine whether a pair divorced or bred together again. Neither Blue Tits nor Great Tits improved their breeding performance through divorce. Blue Tit females even had fewer fledglings in the year after divorce than in the year before. Mate retention affected breeding site fidelity. Blue Tit females had greater breeding dispersal distances between consecutive years when re‐mating than when breeding again with the same mate. In Great Tits both males and females dispersed more when re‐mating than when retaining the former partner, suggesting that mate retention increased the chance of retaining the breeding site. In both species, breeding dispersal distances did not differ between pairs that divorced and pairs in which one mate disappeared. Because no major advantage of mate retention was evident, we suggest that mate retention evolved under different conditions than those found in study sites with high breeding densities and a superabundance of artificial nesting sites.
Development of chicks and predispersal behaviour of young in the Eagle Owl Bubo bubo
Authors: PENTERIANI V. , DELGADO M. M. , MAGGIO C. , ARADIS A. , SERGIO F. 
Published: January 2005

Little quantitative information on the development and behaviour of chicks and young is available for many species, despite the crucial importance of such data and the sensitivity of this stage in a bird's life. For Eagle Owls Bubo bubo, despite the large amount of scientific literature on this species, much basic information is lacking. This study provides a photographic and morphometric guide for age estimation of nestlings and fledglings, as well as data on the call behaviour of young, and patterns of movements during the post‐fledging dependence period. The most remarkable event in chick development is the rapid increase in mass, and size gain, during the first 30 and 40–45 days, respectively. Because after this time morphometric differences become less evident, young‐feather development is more useful for ageing. Patterns of chick call behaviour showed that the time spent calling increased with age and, from 110 days of age, chick vocalizations were usually uniformly distributed through the whole night and most synchronized at sunset and sunrise (the maximum recorded number of vocalizations per chick and per night was 1106 calls). During the post‐fledging dependence period, radiotagged Owls moved widely, up to 1500 m from the nest after the age of 80–90 days. During such movements, the mean distance among siblings increased with age, from 168 m on average for juveniles less than 100 days old, to 489 m for those older than 100 days. Definitive dispersal started when young were about 150–160 days old. Information on chick call behaviour and movements is crucial for unbiased census and nest checking, as well as for the definition of young post‐fledging areas. Knowledge of the latter is very important in terms of conservation and management (especially for those species that move largely around their nest before dispersal) owing to the high mortality that can occur during this period.
Overexpressed Sod1p acts either to reduce or to increase the lifespans and stress resistance of yeast, depending on whether it is Cu2+‐deficient or an active Cu,Zn‐superoxide dismutase
Authors: Harris Nicholas , Bachler Marcus , Costa Vitor , Mollapour Mehdi , Moradas‐Ferreira Pedro , Piper Peter W. 
Published: January 2005

SummaryYeast overexpressing SOD1, the gene for Cu,Zn‐superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn‐Sod), was used to determine how Sod1p overexpression influences the chronological lifespan [the survival of non‐dividing stationary (G0) phase cells over time], the replicative lifespan (the number of buds produced by actively dividing yeast cells) and stress resistance. Increasing the level of active Cu,Zn‐Sod in yeast was found to require either growth in the presence of high copper, or the simultaneous overexpression of both SOD1 and CCS1 (the latter being the gene that encodes the chaperone dedicated to Cu2+‐loading of Sod1p in vivo). Dual SOD1 + CCS1 overexpression elevated the levels of Cu,Zn‐Sod activity six‐ to eight‐fold in vegetative cultures. It also increased the optimized survival of stationary cells up to two‐fold, showing this chronological lifespan is ultimately limited by oxidative stress. In contrast, several detrimental effects resulted when the SOD1 gene was overexpressed in the absence of either high copper or a simultaneous overexpression of CCS1. Both the chronological and the replicative lifespans were shortened; the cells displayed an abnormally high level of endogenous oxidative stress, resulting in a high rate of spontaneous mutation. Such harmful effects were all reversed through the overexpression of CCS1. It is apparent therefore that they relate to the incomplete Cu2+‐loading of the overexpressed Sod1p, most probably accumulation of a Cu2+‐deficient Sod1p to appreciable levels in vivo. The same events may generate the detrimental effects that are frequently, though not universally, observed when Cu,Zn‐Sod overexpression is attempted in metazoans.
Activation of the PI3K/Akt signal transduction pathway and increased levels of insulin receptor in protein repair‐deficient mice
Authors: Farrar Christine , Houser Carolyn R. , Clarke Steven 
Published: January 2005

SummaryProtein l‐isoaspartate (d‐aspartate) O‐methyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyses the repair of isoaspartyl damage in proteins. Mice lacking this enzyme (Pcmt1–/– mice) have a progressive increase in brain size compared with wild‐type mice (Pcmt1+/+ mice), a phenotype that can be associated with alterations in the PI3K/Akt signal transduction pathway. Here we show that components of this pathway, including Akt, GSK3β and PDK‐1, are more highly phosphorylated in the brains of Pcmt1–/– mice, particularly in cells of the hippocampus, in comparison with Pcmt1+/+ mice. Examination of upstream elements of this pathway in the hippocampus revealed that Pcmt1–/– mice have increased activation of insulin‐like growth factor‐I (IGF‐I) receptor and/or insulin receptor. Western blot analysis revealed an approximate 200% increase in insulin receptor protein levels and an approximate 50% increase in IGF‐I receptor protein levels in the hippocampus of Pcmt1–/– mice. Higher levels of the insulin receptor protein were also found in other regions of the adult brain and in whole tissue extracts of brain, liver, heart and testes of both juvenile and adult Pcmt1–/– mice. There were no significant differences in plasma insulin levels for adult Pcmt1–/– mice during glucose tolerance tests. However, they did show higher peak levels of blood glucose, suggesting a mild impairment in glucose tolerance. We propose that Pcmt1–/– mice have altered regulation of the insulin pathway, possibly as a compensatory response to altered glucose uptake or metabolism or as an adaptive response to a general accumulation of isoaspartyl protein damage in the brain and other tissues.
ESTABLISHING A RELIABLE JINI INFRASTRUCTURE FOR PARALLEL APPLICATIONS
Authors: BAKER MARK , SMITH GARRY 
Published: January 2005

Java is becoming an increasingly popular language for developing distributed and parallel scientific and engineering applications. Jini is a Java-based infrastructure developed by Sun that can allegedly provide all the services necessary to support distributed applications. It is the aim of this paper to explore and investigate the services and properties that Jini actually provides and match these against the needs of high performance distributed and parallel applications written in Java. The motivation for this work is the need to develop a distributed infrastructure to support an MPI-like interface to Java known as MPJ. In the first part of the paper we discuss the needs of MPJ, the parallel environment that we wish to support. In particular we look at aspects such as reliability and ease of use. We then move on to sketch out the Jini architecture and review the components and services that Jini provides. In the third part of the paper we critically explore a Jini infrastructure that could be used to support MPJ. Here we are particularly concerned with Jini's ability to support reliably a cocoon of MPJ processes executing in a heterogeneous envirnoment. In the final part of the paper we summarise our findings and report on future work being undertaken on Jini and MPJ.
OPIOM: OFF-PROCESSOR IO WITH MYRINET
Authors: GEOFFRAY PATRICK 
Published: January 2005

As processors become more powerful and clusters larger, users will exploit this increased power to progressively run larger and larger problems. Today's datasets in biology, physics or multimedia applications are huge and require high performance storage sub-systems. As a result, the hot spot of cluster computing is gradually moving from high performance computing to high performance IO. The solutions proposed by the parallel file-system community try to improve performance by working at the kernel level to enhance the regular IO design or by using a dedicated Storage Area Network like Fiber Channel. We propose a new design to merge the communication network and the storage network at the best price. We have implemented it in OPIOM with the Myrinet interconnect: OPIOM moves data asynchronously from SCSI disks to the embedded memory of a Myrinet interface in order to send it to a remote node. This design presents attractive features: high performance and extremely low host overhead.
PLAYING INSIDE THE BLACK BOX: USING DYNAMIC INSTRUMENTATION TO CREATE SECURITY HOLES
Authors: MILLER BARTON P. , CHRISTODORESCU MIHAI , IVERSON ROBERT , KOSAR TEVFIK , MIRGORODSKII ALEXANDER , POPOVICI FLORENTINA 
Published: January 2005

Programs running on insecure or malicious hosts have often been cited as ripe targets for security attacks. The enabling technology for these attacks is the ability to easily analyze and control the running program. Dynamic instrumentation provides the necessary technology for this analysis and control. As embodied in the DynInst API library, dynamic instrumentation allows easy construction of tools that can: (1) inspect a running process, obtaining structural information about the program; (2) control the execution of the program, (3) cause new libraries to be dynamically loaded into the process' address space; (4) splice new code sequences into the running program and remove them; and (5) replace individual call instructions or entire functions. With this technology, we have provided two demonstrations of its use: exposing vulnerabilities in a distributed scheduling system (Condor), and bypassing access to a license server by a word processor (Framemaker). The first demonstration shows the danger of remote execution of a job on a system of unknown pedigree, and the second demonstration shows the vulnerabilities of software license protection schemes. While these types of vulnerabilities have long been speculated, we show how, with the right tool (the DynInst API), they can be easily accomplished. Along with this discussion of vulnerabilities, we also discuss strategies for compensating for them.
Final Consonants and Glottalization: New Perspectives from Hanoi Vietnamese
Authors: Michaud A. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe evolution from final obstruents to final glottal stop and then to rhymeglottalization (i.e. from /at/ to /aʔ/, then to /aˀ/) is a well-established general trendin the history of the Sino-Tibetan language family and beyond. It has further beenshown by laryngoscopy that in three languages which retain the nonreleasedsyllable-final obstruents /p/, /t/ and /k/ (Standard Thai, and two Chinese dialects),these obstruents are often accompanied by a glottal stop. The present researchraises the issue whether there is another typological possibility: can nonreleasedfinal obstruents be accompanied consistently by modal phonation, without glottalstop? Analysis of electroglottographic recordings of 126 syllables in two carriersentences spoken by 4 speakers shows that, in Hanoi Vietnamese, the final obstruents/p/, /t/ and /k/ are not accompanied by glottalization, and that the open quotientincreases in the course of the syllable rhyme. Obstruent-final rhymes (whichmay carry either of two tones: D1 or D2) are compared with nasal-final rhymeswhich, under one of the tones (tone B2), are confirmed to be glottalized. Our findingis that tones D1 and D2 (i.e. obstruent-final rhymes) are both produced inmodal voice, which shows that the typological paradigm of observed realizationsof syllable-final obstruents must be enlarged. The discussion puts forward thehypothesis that the unusual association of segments and voice quality found inHanoi Vietnamese is a strategy to maintain the opposition between B2-tone andD2-tone rhymes.
Evaluation of Cross-Reactivity between <i>Holoptelea integrifolia</i> and <i>Parietaria judaica</i>
Authors: Sharma S. , Panzani R.C. , Gaur S.N. , Ariano R. , Singh A.B. 
Published: January 2005

<i>Background:</i><i>Holoptelea integrifolia</i> and <i>Parietaria judaica</i> belong to the family Urticaceae, but are geographically distantly located. <i>H. integrifolia</i> is an important pollen allergen of India and sensitizes almost 10% of the atopic population in Delhi. <i>P. judaica, </i>on the other hand, is a very dominant pollen allergen of the Mediterranean region, sensitizing almost 80% of the allergic population. Since both these important pollen allergens belong to the family Urticaceae, the objective of the present study was to assess cross-reactivity between these two pollen allergens from different geographical regions. <i>Methods:</i> Cross-reactivity between these two pollen allergens was assessed on the basis of skin prick tests and ELISA, ELISA inhibition and immunoblot inhibition studies. <i>Results:</i> Out of 44 atopic Indian patients skin prick tested with <i>H. integrifolia</i> extract, 34% were found to be sensitized. All the patients sensitized to <i>H. integrifolia </i>also showed varying degrees of skin positivity to <i>P. judaica</i> pollen extract. ELISA and ELISA inhibition studies suggested strong cross-reactivity between <i>H. integrifolia</i> and <i>P. judaica</i> pollen. Immunoblot inhibition studies revealed that 14-, 16-, 28-, 38-, 42- and 46-kDa proteins are the cross-reactive proteins in <i>H. integrifolia</i> and <i>P. judaica.</i> However, Par j 1, the major allergen of <i>P. judaica,</i> is absent in <i>H. integrifolia</i> pollen. <i>Conclusion:</i><i>H. integrifolia</i> and <i>P. judaica</i> pollens share cross-reactive as well as unique epitopes. The major allergen of <i>P. judaica,</i> Par j 1, seems to be absent in <i>H. integrifolia</i> pollen allergen.
Morphological Characteristics of the Human Macula sacculi
Authors: Tribukait Arne , Rosenhall Ulf , Österdahl Bengt 
Published: January 2005

The surface morphology of 20 human maculae sacculi is presented. Individual data on the total area, shape and the relative area of the pars superior are given. The mean area of 14 adult maculae was (mean ± SD) 2.35 ± 0.31 mm<sup>2</sup>. The ratio between the length and width of the macula was 2.54 ± 0.28. The pars superior was significantly larger than the pars inferior. The percentage of pars superior was 56.4 ± 4.7. As regards the shape of the macula, there was a large interindividual variability. The findings are discussed, taking into consideration comparative anatomy as well as spatial orientation.
Non-linear mapping for exploratory data analysis in functional genomics
Authors: Azuaje Francisco , Wang Haiying , Chesneau Alban 
Published: January 2005

Abstract
Background
Several supervised and unsupervised learning tools are available to classify functional genomics data. However, relatively less attention has been given to exploratory, visualisation-driven approaches. Such approaches should satisfy the following factors: Support for intuitive cluster visualisation, user-friendly and robust application, computational efficiency and generation of biologically meaningful outcomes. This research assesses a relaxation method for non-linear mapping that addresses these concerns. Its applications to gene expression and protein-protein interaction data analyses are investigated

Results
Publicly available expression data originating from leukaemia, round blue-cell tumours and Parkinson disease studies were analysed. The method distinguished relevant clusters and critical analysis areas. The system does not require assumptions about the inherent class structure of the data, its mapping process is controlled by only one parameter and the resulting transformations offer intuitive, meaningful visual displays. Comparisons with traditional mapping models are presented. As a way of promoting potential, alternative applications of the methodology presented, an example of exploratory data analysis of interactome networks is illustrated. Data from the C. elegans interactome were analysed. Results suggest that this method might represent an effective solution for detecting key network hubs and for clustering biologically meaningful groups of proteins.

Conclusion
A relaxation method for non-linear mapping provided the basis for visualisation-driven analyses using different types of data. This study indicates that such a system may represent a user-friendly and robust approach to exploratory data analysis. It may allow users to gain better insights into the underlying data structure, detect potential outliers and assess assumptions about the cluster composition of the data.