bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eradication of Helicobacter pylori and Resolution of Gastritis in the Gastric Mucosa of IL‐10‐Deficient Mice
Authors: Matsumoto Yuko , Blanchard Thomas G. , Drakes Maureen L. , Basu Malini , Redline Raymond W. , Levine Alan D. , Czinn Steven J. 
Published: September 2005

ABSTRACTBackground.  Helicobacter pylori has been shown to induce pronounced gastric inflammation in the absence of interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) by 6 weeks post inoculation. The ability of IL‐10−/– mice to eradicate H. pylori has not been demonstrated, possibly due to early sacrifice. Therefore, the long‐term effect of enhanced gastritis on H. pylori colonization was determined in IL‐10−/– mice.Methods.  C57BL/6 and IL‐10−/– mice were infected with H. pylori and assessed for the degree of gastritis, bacterial load, and in vitro T‐cell recall response at 4 and 16 weeks of infection.Results.  Infection of IL‐10−/– mice resulted in significantly more severe gastritis than wild‐type control mice and eradication of H. pylori by 4 weeks post inoculation. By 16 weeks, the level of gastritis in IL‐10−/– was reduced to the levels observed in wild‐type mice. Splenocytes from IL‐10−/– mice were prone to produce significantly greater amounts of IFN‐γ than wild‐type mice when stimulated with bacterial antigens.Conclusions.  These results indicate that the host is capable of spontaneously eradicating H. pylori from the gastric mucosa when inflammation is elevated beyond the chronic inflammation induced in wild‐type mice, and that the gastritis dissipates following bacterial eradication. Additionally, these data provide support for a model of gastrointestinal immunity in which naturally occurring IL‐10‐producing regulatory T cells modulate the host response to gastrointestinal bacteria.
An Empirical Analysis of the Dynamic Relation between Investment‐Grade Bonds and Credit Default Swaps
Authors: BLANCO ROBERTO , BRENNAN SIMON , MARSH IAN W. 
Published: September 2005

ABSTRACTWe test the theoretical equivalence of credit default swap (CDS) prices and credit spreads derived by Duffie (1999), finding support for the parity relation as an equilibrium condition. We also find two forms of deviation from parity. First, for three firms, CDS prices are substantially higher than credit spreads for long periods of time, arising from combinations of imperfections in the contract specification of CDSs and measurement errors in computing the credit spread. Second, we find short‐lived deviations from parity for all other companies due to a lead for CDS prices over credit spreads in the price discovery process.
Stochastic Convenience Yield Implied from Commodity Futures and Interest Rates
Authors: CASASSUS JAIME , COLLIN‐DUFRESNE PIERRE 
Published: September 2005

ABSTRACTWe characterize a three‐factor model of commodity spot prices, convenience yields, and interest rates, which nests many existing specifications. The model allows convenience yields to depend on spot prices and interest rates. It also allows for time‐varying risk premia. Both may induce mean reversion in spot prices, albeit with very different economic implications. Empirical results show strong evidence for spot‐price level dependence in convenience yields for crude oil and copper, which implies mean reversion in prices under the risk‐neutral measure. Silver, gold, and copper exhibit time variation in risk premia that implies mean reversion of prices under the physical measure.
Trends in Corporate Governance
Authors: HERMALIN BENJAMIN E. 
Published: September 2005

ABSTRACTThe popular press and scholarly studies have noted a number of trends in corporate governance. This article addresses, from a theoretical perspective, whether these trends are linked. And, if so, how? The article finds that a trend toward greater board diligence will lead, sometimes through subtle or indirect mechanisms, to trends toward more external candidates becoming CEO, shorter tenures for CEOs, more effort/less perquisite consumption by CEOs (even though such behavior is not directly monitored), and greater CEO compensation. An additional prediction is that, under plausible conditions, externally hired CEOs should have shorter tenures, on average, than internally hired CEOs.
Comparison of osteoblast spreading on microstructured dental implant surfaces and cell behaviour in an explant model of osseointegration
Authors: Sammons Rachel L. , Lumbikanonda Narong , Gross Michael , Cantzler Philip 
Published: September 2005

AbstractObjectives: To compare interactions between rat calvarial osteoblasts and titanium dental implants with different microstructured surfaces.Material and methods: Seven commercially available implants were used. Surfaces included plasma‐sprayed, grit‐blasted and/or acid‐etched, smooth‐machined and anodised titanium. Two methods were used to compare cell behaviour: (1) A cell‐spreading assay in which percentages of cells at four different stages of attachment were identified by scanning electron microscopy and quantified within a 30 min attachment period. (2) Implants were placed in ‘pocket culture’ within nylon mesh sacs in contact with explanted calvarial bone fragments for 2 and 4 weeks.Results: Surfaces combining grit blasting and acid etching, of microporous topography, showed significantly enhanced rates of cell spreading in comparison with the others. Differential cell morphology was observed in both suspension assays and pocket cultures. In the latter, cells migrated onto all surfaces. Multicellular layers with extracellular matrix (ECM) were present between the layers and on the material surfaces after 2 weeks. After 4 weeks, cell layers were more consolidated, and microstructures were obscured by layers of cells and ECM. Mineralised tissue was seen in association with ECM on grit‐blasted surfaces of rough and smooth microtopography.Conclusions: The two methods provided complementary information: a rough surface of porous microstructure may enhance the rate of cell spreading. Differentiation and calcification occurred on surfaces of both rough and smooth microstructure.
Kinaseinhibitoren zur Therapie des malignen Melanoms
Authors: Becker Jürgen C. , Schrama David , Bröcker Eva‐B. , Houben Roland 
Published: September 2005

ZusammenfassungDie von der grundlagenwissenschaftlichen und translationalen Forschung erarbeiteten Erkenntnisse über die Ursachen und Mechanismen der Melanomentstehung und ‐progression werden sich in den nächsten Jahren auf die Therapie auswirken. Die zunehmende Aufklärung der molekularen Pathogenese maligner Erkrankungen und die differenzierte Analyse der verschiedenen Signal‐ und Regulationswege innerhalb und außerhalb der malignen Zelle führte zu neuen, relativ spezifischen Ansatzpunkten, um in den malignen Prozess einzugreifen. Diese Interventionen zielen auf einzelne Moleküle ab, welche mit der malignen Grunderkrankung assoziiert sind oder sie sogar induzieren, weshalb diese Interventionen auch als „targeted therapy” bezeichnet werden. Diese Arbeit gibt eine kurze Übersicht über therapeutische Möglichkeiten, welche auf einer Modulation der Ras/MAPK‐ und des PI3K/AKT‐Signaltransduktionsweges abzielen.
MMP‐7 promoter polymorphisms do not influence CD4+ recovery and changes in plasma viral load during antiretroviral therapy for HIV‐1 infection
Authors: Lugli E. , Pinti M. , Nasi M. , Troiano L. , Prada N. , Mussini C. , Borghi V. , Esposito R. , Cossarizza A. 
Published: September 2005

SummaryMatrix metalloproteinase‐7 (MMP‐7) generates soluble Fas Ligand (FasL), which is involved in the apoptotic loss of CD4+ T cells during HIV infection. We evaluated whether two polymorphisms in MMP‐7 promoter could influence CD4+ recover in response to antiretroviral therapy, and found that these polymorphisms are ineffective.
Job constraints and arterial hypertension: different effects in men and women: the IHPAF II case control study
Authors: Radi S , Lang T , Lauwers-Cancès V , Diène E , Chatellier G , Larabi L , De Gaudemaris R 
Published: September 2005

Aims:To examine, in a working population of men and women, the relation between organisational job constraints (job strain, passive and active jobs) and incident hypertension and the buffering effect of social support at work on this relation.Methods:A nested case control study was designed within the IHPAF (Incidence of Hypertension in a French Working Population) cohort study. The 20 worksite physicians participating in the study enrolled 203 cases and matched each case for age (SD 10 years) and sex with two normotensive subjects attending the follow up screening immediately after him or her. As a result, 426 men and 183 women were included in the study.Results:Mean age was 41.8 (SD 7.8) years in men and 43.5 (SD 7.5) years in women. Relations between job constraints and hypertension were stronger in women than in men. Odds ratios (OR) were 3.20 (95% CI 0.92 to 11.12) in women and 2.60 (95% CI 1.15 to 5.85) in men for job strain, 4.73 (95% CI 1.36 to 16.42) in women and 2.30 (95% CI 1.01 to 5.26) in men for passive jobs, and 4.51 (95% CI 1.24 to 16.43) in women and 2.39 (95% CI 1.10 to 5.18) in men for active jobs. Low social support at work was not related to hypertension and did not decrease the association with organisational risk factors. In both hypertensive men and women, obesity was related to hypertension (OR = 13.20 (95% CI 3.34 to 52.14) in women and 6.54 (95% CI 2.99 to 14.29) in men) and the prevalence of recent stressful life events was significantly lower in hypertensive women (OR = 0.32 (95% CI 0.12 to 0.89)) and men (OR = 0.37 (95% CI 0.20 to 0.67) compared with normotensives. Alcohol consumption was a significant risk factor for hypertension in women (OR = 3.47 (95% CI 1.18 to 10.25)).Conclusion:A stronger relation between job constraints and hypertension was observed in women compared with men. These findings emphasise the need of addressing more sex-specific concepts of work related stress on the one hand, and of understanding the direct and indirect mechanisms linking psychosocial factors and hypertension in both sexes on the other hand.
Is metal fume fever a determinant of welding related respiratory symptoms and/or increased bronchial responsiveness? A longitudinal study
Authors: El-Zein M , Infante-Rivard C , Malo J-L , Gautrin D 
Published: September 2005

Background:The current prospective study investigated the hypothesis of metal fume fever (MFF) being a predictor for the development of respiratory symptoms and functional abnormalities.Methods:The study consisted of a pre-exposure and two follow up assessments of 286 welding apprentices during an average period of 15 months. A respiratory and a systemic symptom questionnaire, skin prick tests to common allergens and metal salts, spirometry, and methacholine challenge tests were administered.Results:Developing at least one positive skin prick test to a metallic salt solution was found in 11.8% of apprentices. Possible MFF (at least one of fever, feelings of flu, general malaise, chills, dry cough, metallic taste, or shortness of breath) was reported by 39.2% of apprentices. The presence of at least one welding related respiratory symptom (cough, wheezing, or chest tightness) suggestive of welding related asthma was reported by 13.8%. MFF was significantly associated with these respiratory symptoms (OR = 4.92, 95% CI 2.10 to 11.52), after adjusting for age, atopy, smoking, physician diagnosed asthma, and symptoms of non-welding related asthma. Apprentices with possible MFF, and no welding related respiratory symptoms suggestive of welding related asthma at the first follow up, had an increased risk of developing the latter symptoms by the second follow up visit (OR = 7.4, 95% CI 1.97 to 27.45) compared with those not having MFF. MFF was not significantly associated with an increase in bronchial responsiveness.Conclusion:MFF could be a predictor for the development of respiratory symptoms but not for functional abnormalities in welders.
Rapidly progressive coal workers’ pneumoconiosis in the United States: geographic clustering and other factors
Authors: dos S Antao V C , Petsonk E L , Sokolow L Z , Wolfe A L , Pinheiro G A , Hale J M , Attfield M D 
Published: September 2005

Background:Despite significant progress made in reducing dust exposures in underground coal miners in the United States, severe cases of coal workers’ pneumoconiosis (CWP), including progressive massive fibrosis (PMF), continue to occur among coal miners.Aims:To identify US miners with rapidly progressive CWP and to describe their geographic distribution and associated risk factors.Methods:Radiographic evidence of disease progression was evaluated for underground coal miners examined through US federal chest radiograph surveillance programmes from 1996 to 2002. A case of rapidly progressive CWP was defined as the development of PMF and/or an increase in small opacity profusion greater than one subcategory over five years. County based prevalences were derived for both CWP and rapidly progressive cases.Results:A total of 886 cases of CWP were identified among 29 521 miners examined from 1996 to 2002. Among the subset of 783 miners with CWP for whom progression could be evaluated, 277 (35.4%) were cases of rapidly progressive CWP, including 41 with PMF. Miners with rapidly progressive CWP were younger than miners without rapid progression, were more likely to have worked in smaller mines (<50 employees), and also reported longer mean tenure in jobs involving work at the face of the mine (in contrast to other underground mining jobs), but did not differ with respect to mean underground tenure. There was a clear tendency for the proportion of cases of rapidly progressive CWP to be higher in eastern Kentucky, and western Virginia.Conclusions:Cases of rapidly progressive CWP can be regarded as sentinel health events, indicating inadequate prevention measures in specific regions. Such events should prompt investigations to identify causal factors and initiate appropriate additional measures to prevent further disease.
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibition Increases Basal Vascular Tissue Plasminogen Activator Release in Women But Not in Men
Authors: Pretorius Mias , Luther James M. , Murphey Laine J. , Vaughan Douglas E. , Brown Nancy J. 
Published: September 2005

Objective—Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition (ACEI) increases vascular tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) release through endogenous bradykinin (BK). We tested the hypothesis that gender influences the effect of ACEI on t-PA release.Methods and Results—We measured the effect of intra-arterial enalaprilat (0.33 μg/min per 100 mL forearm volume) on forearm blood flow (FBF) and net t-PA release before and during BK (25 to 400 ng/min) and methacholine (3.2 to 12.8 μg/min) in premenopausal women, postmenopausal women not using hormone replacement, young men, and older men. Baseline net t-PA release was similar among groups. Enalaprilat increased basal t-PA release in premenopausal (from 0.9±1.0 to 5.1±1.7 ng/min per 100 mL,P=0.023) and postmenopausal women (from −3.9±2.2 to 3.9±1.1 ng/min per 100 mL,P=0.010) but not in young or older men (P=0.028 men versus women). Enalaprilat potentiated the effect of exogenous BK on FBF similarly in all groups. However, during enalaprilat, BK-stimulated t-PA release was greatest in premenopausal women (339.9±86.4 ng/min per 100 mL at the 100 ng/min dose,P<0.05 versus any other group), intermediate in postmenopausal women (243.8±51.1 ng/min per 100 mL,P<0.05 versus either male group), and least in young (111.9±19.2 ng/min/100 mL) and older men (103.4±27.6 ng/min/100 mL).Conclusion—ACEI enhances basal t-PA release in women, independent of menopausal status, but not in men. During ACEI, both gender and menopausal status affect BK stimulated t-PA release.
The Link between Social Cognition and Self-referential Thought in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex
Authors: Mitchell Jason P. , Banaji Mahzarin R. , Macrae C. Neil 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) has been implicated in seemingly disparate cognitive functions, such as understanding the minds of other people and processing information about the self. This functional overlap would be expected if humans use their own experiences to infer the mental states of others, a basic postulate of simulation theory. Neural activity was measured while participants attended to either the mental or physical aspects of a series of other people. To permit a test of simulation theory's prediction that inferences based on self-reflection should only be made for similar others, targets were subsequently rated for their degree of similarity to self. Parametric analyses revealed a region of the ventral mPFC—previously implicated in self-referencing tasks—in which activity correlated with perceived self/other similarity, but only for mentalizing trials. These results suggest that self-reflection may be used to infer the mental states of others when they are sufficiently similar to self.
The Tale of Those Who Did Not Travel: Reading Yahyā al-Tāhir 'Abdullah's The Neckband and the Bracelets As Sīrah
Authors: Yaqub Nadia 
Published: September 2005

AbstractIn The Neckband and the Bracelet, Yahyā al-Tāhir 'Abdullah uses allusion, reference, imagery, and narrative techniques borrowed from the popular Arabic sīrah to portray characters who are imprisoned in a harsh world that suppresses their human individuality and molds them into character types. By invoking, imitating, and inverting sīrah time in the modern novel and juxtaposing a complete and unchanging epic world view against a backdrop of historical and social change, 'Abdullah succeeds in telling an eloquent tale about the suppression of human potential.
Women Narrating the Gulf: A Gulf of Their Own
Authors: Driss Hager Ben 
Published: September 2005

AbstractStarting from the premise that space is a purveyor of discourse, this article attempts to probe the work of three women writers narrating the Gulf. The Kuwaiti Laylā al-'Uthmān, the Saudi Arabian Rajā' 'Ālim and the Iraqi Hadiyya Husayn write the spaces to which they belong within representational modes speci fic to each region. The conservative Kuwaiti society and the holy land of Saudi Arabia generate strategies of camou flage including humor, pardoy, and allegory. The bloody history of Iraq, especially during the second half of the twentieth century, yields a subversive confessional mood and a dominating atmosphere of pain. While diverging in tone and narrative strategies, these three women writers converge in presenting a Gulf of their own: a personalized landscape wherein the physical world overlaps with psychological scenes. These writers also succeed in bridging the gap between the private and public and offer narratives in which the personal is relocated in the political, cultural, and historical.
Investigation of Vertical and Horizontal Momentum Transfer in the Gulf of Mexico Using Empirical Mode Decomposition Method
Authors: Lai Ronald J. , Huang Norden 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
Data from a series of deep mooring stations in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) have been analyzed with the newly developed empirical mode decomposition and Hilbert spectral analysis method, abbreviated as Hilbert–Huang transformation (HHT). The flows in the GOM near the shelf/slope region are treated as a two-layer system, with the 800-m permanent thermocline as the dividing depth. When the data are treated with HHT, motions of different temporal scales are identified. The top layer (depth less than 800 m) is controlled by inertia flow with episodic Loop Current eddies, while the lower layer (depth greater than 800 m) is controlled primarily by the topographic Rossby waves and small-scale cyclonic and anticyclonic eddies. Using a cross-correlation analysis between the appropriate intrinsic mode components from the data, the wavelength, the phase velocity, and the vertical trapping depth for the topographic Rossby waves were determined. Observations are in general agreement with the modeled results by Oey and Lee.
Finescale Structure of the T–S Relation in the Eastern North Atlantic
Authors: Ferrari R. , Polzin K. L. 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
Distributions of temperature (T) and salinity (S) and their relationship in the oceans are the result of a balance between T–S variability generated at the surface by air–sea fluxes and its removal by molecular dissipation. In this paper the role of different motions in setting the cascade of T–S variance to dissipation scales is quantified using data from the North Atlantic Tracer Release Experiment (NATRE). The NATRE observational programs include fine- and microscale measurements and provide a snapshot of T–S variability across a wide range of scales from basin to molecular. It is found that microscale turbulence controls the rate of thermal dissipation in the thermocline. At this level the T–S relation is established through a balance between large-scale advection by the gyre circulation and small-scale turbulence. Further down, at the level of intermediate and Mediterranean waters, mesoscale eddies are the rate-controlling process. The transition between the two regimes is related to the presence of a strong salinity gradient along density surfaces associated with the outflow of Mediterranean waters. Mesoscale eddies stir this gradient and produce a rich filamentation and salinity-compensated temperature inversions: isopycnal stirring and diapycnal mixing are both required to explain the T–S relation at depth.
Mixing Associated with Sills in a Canyon on the Midocean Ridge Flank*
Authors: Thurnherr A. M. , St. Laurent L. C. , Speer K. G. , Toole J. M. , Ledwell J. R. 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
To close the global overturning circulation, the production and sinking of dense water at high latitudes must be balanced elsewhere by buoyancy gain and upward vertical motion. Hydrographic and microstructure observations from the Brazil Basin in the South Atlantic Ocean indicate that most of the abyssal mixing there takes place on the topographically rough flank of the midocean ridge. In previous studies it has been suggested that the high level of abyssal mixing observed on the ridge flank is primarily caused by breaking internal waves forced by tidal currents. Here, the results from a detailed analysis of velocity, hydrographic, and microstructure data from a ridge-flank canyon are presented. Two-year-long current-meter records indicate that within the canyon there is a significant along-axial mean flow down the density gradient toward the ridge crest. Five hundred meters above the canyon floor the kinetic energy in the subinertial band exceeds that associated with the semidiurnal tides by approximately a factor of 2. The mean dissipation of kinetic energy inside the canyon exceeds that above the ridge-flank topography by approximately a factor of 5. The largest dissipation values were observed downstream of a narrow, 1000-m-high sill that extends across the full width of the canyon. Along the entire canyon, there is a strong association between the presence of sills and along-axial density gradients, while there is no similar association between the presence of depressions and density gradients. Together, these observations suggest that sill-related mixing contributes at least as much to the diapycnal buoyancy flux in the canyon as tidally forced internal-wave breaking, which is not expected to be associated preferentially with sills. While only ≈15% of the interfacial area between Antarctic Bottom Water and North Atlantic Deep Water in the Brazil Basin lie inside canyons, the available data suggest that approximately one-half of the diapycnal buoyancy fluxes take place there. In comparison, the region above the ridge-flank topography accounts for about one-third of the buoyancy fluxes. The apparent importance of sill-related processes for mixing in ridge-flank canyons is therefore of global significance, especially considering that such canyons occur on average every 50 km along 2/3 of the global midocean ridge system, and that sills partially block the canyon axes every few tens of kilometers.