bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neisseria gonorrhoeae antimicrobial susceptibility trends in Bangkok, Thailand, 2015–21: Enhanced Gonococcal Antimicrobial Surveillance Programme (EGASP)
Authors: Kittiyaowamarn Rossaphorn , Girdthep Natnaree , Cherdtrakulkiat Thitima , Sangprasert Pongsathorn , Tongtoyai Jaray , Weston Emily , Borisov Andrey , Dunne Eileen F , Chinhiran Kittipoom , Woodring Joseph , Ngarmjiratam Nattapon , Masciotra Silvina , Frankson Rebekah , Sirivongrangson Pachara , Unemo Magnus , Wi Teodora 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Rising antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a global public health concern. Many ceftriaxone-resistant cases have been linked to Asia. In the WHO/CDC global Enhanced Gonococcal Antimicrobial Surveillance Programme (EGASP), we conducted AMR surveillance at two clinical sites in Bangkok, Thailand, 2015–21.

Methods
Urethral discharge samples, from males with urethral discharge and/or dysuria, were Gram-stained and cultured. ETEST was performed to determine AMR. EGASP MIC alert values, CLSI and EUCAST breakpoints were used.

Results
In 2015–21, gonococcal isolates were cultured from 1928 cases; most (64.1%) were males reporting having sex with females. The sensitivity and specificity of Gram-stained microscopy compared with culture for detection of gonococci were 97.5% and 96.6%, respectively. From 2015 to 2021, the azithromycin MIC90 increased from 0.125 to 1 mg/L, and the MIC90 of ceftriaxone and cefixime increased from 0.008 and ≤0.016 mg/L to 0.032 and 0.064 mg/L, respectively. Eight EGASP MIC alert values (in seven isolates) were identified. Five alert values were for cefixime (all resistant according to EUCAST breakpoints) and three for azithromycin (all resistant according to EUCAST breakpoints). The average annual resistance to ciprofloxacin during 2015–21 was 92%.

Conclusions
A continuous high susceptibility to ceftriaxone, Thailand’s first-line gonorrhoea treatment, was found. However, the increasing MICs of ceftriaxone, cefixime and azithromycin are a substantial threat, especially considering these are the last remaining options for the treatment of gonorrhoea. To monitor AMR, continuous and quality-assured gonococcal AMR surveillance such as the Thai WHO/CDC EGASP, ideally including WGS, is imperative globally.
Low-grade malignancy glomus tumor of the abdominal wall: a case report and literature review
Authors: Trajkovski Gjorgji , Trajkovska Vanja , Kostadinova-Kunovska Slavica , Kostovski Ognen , Gelevski Radomir , Nikolovski Andrej 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Glomus tumors are painful neoplasms arising from the glomus body (responsible for body temperature and blood pressure regulation) in the skin. Although mostly present in the interdigital areas, glomus tumors can arise elsewhere. The vast majority of them are benign. Rarely, malignant variants are reported and are associated with the potential for local infiltration and metastatic dissemination. The abdominal wall location of glomus tumors is extremely rare regardless of whether they present as benign or malignant. We present a case of a 58-year-old female patient with a low-grade malignancy infiltrative glomus tumor of the abdominal wall.
Effect of fecal microbiota transplantation on early intestinal immune function and histomorphology of immune organs in chicks
Authors: Song Yang , Yu Jing , Wang Baolin , Wen Qiongyi , Zhong Yue , Wu Min , Zheng Xin 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

The intestinal microbiota drives the maturation of the immune system, which is essential for maintaining lifetime homeostasis. Whether fecal microbiota transplantation can promote the development of the immune system in chicks? On days 1, 3, and 5, the post-hatch Hy-line Brown chicks were treated with fecal suspension from breeding hens. Intestinal length, blood biochemical indicators, the morphology of immune organs, and intestinal immunity-related indicators were focused on days 7 and 14. Short-chain fatty acids were determined by gas chromatography. We discovered that fecal microbial transplantation significantly increased the area of the follicles and medulla from the bursa of Fabricius, as well as the area of the medulla, cortex, and both ratios from the thymus on 14 d, the concentration of butyric acid in feces, the levels of immunologically active substances (transforming growth factor-β, interleukin 10, forkhead box protein P3, G-Protein Coupled Receptor 43, immunoglobulin A, etc.) in serum or the intestine, and the number of goblet cells. Correlation analysis indicated that short-chain fatty acids, as metabolites of the gut microbiota, were correlated with intestinal immunity. In short, fecal microbiota transplantation regulated early intestinal immunity, which provided the possibility for the processing and utilization of gut microbiota as germplasm resources.

Impact Statement
Modern management of eggs causes the normal vertical transmission of microbiota from hens to be significantly reduced. The risk of environmental threats to newborn chicks is raised. The microbial community helps to mature the immune system of chicks and protect them from pathogen invasion. We still have doubts about whether transplanting the microbiota can regulate gut immunity. Using the gut microbiota of hens as an excellent resource to improve the immunity of chicks may provide new ideas for the development of the poultry industry.
Bar properties as a function of wavelength: a local baseline with S4G for high-redshift studies
Authors: Menéndez-Delmestre Karín , Gonçalves Thiago S , Sheth Kartik , Düringer Jacques de Lima Tomás , Kim Taehyun , Gadotti Dimitri A , Schinnerer Eva , Athanassoula E , Bosma Albert , Elmegreen Debra Meloy , Knapen Johan H , Machado Rubens E G , Salo Heikki 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
The redshift evolution of bars is an important signpost of the dynamic maturity of disc galaxies. To characterize the intrinsic evolution safe from band-shifting effects, it is necessary to gauge how bar properties vary locally as a function of wavelength. We investigate bar properties in 16 nearby galaxies from the Spitzer Survey of Stellar Structure in Galaxies (S4G) at ultraviolet, optical, and mid-infrared wavebands. Based on the ellipticity and position angle profiles from fitting elliptical isophotes to the two-dimensional light distribution, we find that both bar length and ellipticity – the latter often used as a proxy for bar strength – increase at bluer wavebands. Bars are 9 per cent longer in the B band than at 3.6 μm. Their ellipticity increases typically by 8 per cent in the B band, with a significant fraction (&gt;40 per cent) displaying an increase up to 35 per cent. We attribute the increase in bar length to the presence of star-forming knots at the end of bars: these regions are brighter in bluer bands, stretching the bar signature further out. The increase in bar ellipticity could be driven by the apparent bulge size: the bulge is less prominent at bluer bands, allowing for thinner ellipses within the bar region. Alternatively, it could be due to younger stellar populations associated with the bar. The resulting effect is that bars appear longer and thinner at bluer wavebands. This indicates that band-shifting effects are significant and need to be corrected for high-redshift studies to reliably gauge any intrinsic evolution of the bar properties with redshift.
DEATHSTAR: a system for confirming planets and identifying false-positive signals in TESS data using ground-based time-domain surveys
Authors: Ross Gabrielle , Vanderburg Andrew , de Beurs Zoë L , Collins Karen A , Siverd Rob J , Burdge Kevin 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
We present a technique for verifying or refuting exoplanet candidates from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) mission by searching for nearby eclipsing binary stars using higher resolution archival images from ground-based telescopes. Our new system is called Detecting and Evaluating A Transit: finding its Hidden Source in Time-domain Archival Records (DEATHSTAR). We downloaded time series of cutout images from two ground-based telescope surveys (the Zwicky Transient Facility, and the Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System, analysed the images to create apertures and measure the brightness of each star in the field, and plotted the resulting light curves using custom routines. Thus far, we have confirmed on-target transits for 17 planet candidates, and identified 35 false positives and located their actual transit sources. With future improvements to automation, DEATHSTAR will be scaleable to run on the majority of TESS Objects of Interest.
Kinetic simulations and gamma-ray signatures of Klein–Nishina relativistic magnetic reconnection
Authors: Mehlhaff J , Werner G , Cerutti B , Uzdensky D , Begelman M 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
Black hole and neutron star environments often comprise collisionless plasmas immersed in strong magnetic fields and intense baths of low-frequency radiation. In such conditions, relativistic magnetic reconnection can tap the magnetic field energy, accelerating high-energy particles that rapidly cool by inverse Compton (IC) scattering the dense photon background. At the highest particle energies reached in bright gamma-ray sources, IC scattering can stray into the Klein–Nishina regime. Here, the Comptonized photons exceed pair-production threshold with the radiation background and may thus return their energy to the reconnecting plasma as fresh electron–positron pairs. To reliably characterize observable signatures of such Klein–Nishina reconnection, in this work, we present first-principles particle-in-cell simulations of pair-plasma relativistic reconnection coupled to Klein–Nishina and pair-production physics. The simulations show substantial differences between the observable signatures of Klein–Nishina reconnection and reconnection coupled only to low-energy Thomson IC cooling (without pair production). The latter regime exhibits strong harder-when-brighter behaviour; the former involves a stable spectral shape independent of overall brightness. This spectral stability is reminiscent of flat-spectrum radio quasar (FSRQ) GeV high states, furnishing evidence that Klein–Nishina radiative physics operates in FSRQs. The simulated Klein–Nishina reconnection pair yield spans from low to order-unity and follows an exponential scaling law in a single governing parameter. Pushing this parameter beyond its range studied here might give way to a copious pair-creation regime. Besides FSRQs, we discuss potential applications to accreting black hole X-ray binaries, the M87* magnetosphere, and gamma-ray binaries.
Watching the Universe’s acceleration era with the SKAO
Authors: Marques C M J , Martins C J A P , Gilabert López B 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
The possibility of watching the Universe expand in real time and in a model-independent way, first envisaged by Allan Sandage more than 60 yr ago and known as the redshift drift, is within reach of forthcoming astrophysical facilities, particularly the Extremely Large Telescope (ELT) and the Square Kilometre Array Observatory (SKAO). The latter, probing lower redshifts, enables us to watch the Universe’s acceleration era in real time, while the former does the same for the matter era. We use Fisher matrix analysis techniques, which we show to give comparable results to those of a Markov Chain Monte Carlo approach, to discuss forecasts for SKAO measurements of the redshift drift and their cosmological impact. We consider specific fiducial cosmological models but mainly rely on a more agnostic cosmographic series (which includes the deceleration and jerk parameters), and we also discuss prospects for measurements of the drift of the drift. Overall, our analysis shows that SKAO measurements, with a reasonable amount of observing time, can provide a competitive probe of the low-redshift accelerating Universe.
UOCS-XII. A study of open cluster NGC 6940 using UVIT/AstroSat cluster properties and exotic populations
Authors: Panthi Anju , Vaidya Kaushar 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
We study an open cluster NGC 6940 using AstroSat/UVIT (Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope) data and other archival data. This is an intermediate age cluster (∼1 Gyr), located at about 770 pc distance, harbouring several exotic populations apart from normal single and binary stars. We identify members of this cluster using a machine learning algorithm, ML-MOC and identify 492 members, including one blue straggler star (BSS), two yellow straggler stars (YSS), 11 blue lurker (BL) candidates, and two red clump (RC) stars. The cluster shows the effect of mass segregation, with massive stars segregated the most into the cluster, followed by the equal-mass binary members and the single low-mass stars. We report the presence of an extended main-sequence turn-off (eMSTO) feature in this cluster and suggest that the age spread may be a contributing factor behind it. However, the effect of stellar rotation, and the dust absorption needs to be examined more comprehensively with a larger fraction of MSTO stars. All the sixteen sources mentioned above have a counterpart in the UVIT/F169M filter. In order to characterize them, we construct multi-wavelength spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of 14 of these objects having no nearby sources within 3 arcsec. The BSS is successfully fitted with a single-component SED. We find that three BLs, two YSS, and one RC star have UV excess greater than 50 per cent and successfully fit two-component SEDs having hot companions. The parameters derived from the SEDs imply that the hot companions of BLs and the RC star are low-mass and normal-mass white dwarfs, whereas the hot companions of YSS are likely to be subdwarf B stars. We suggest that at least 6 out of 14 stars (∼42 per cent) are formed via mass transfer and/or merger pathways.
Gravitational waves from the pulsar magnetosphere
Authors: Contopoulos Ioannis , Kazanas Demosthenes , Papadopoulos Demetrios B 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
We investigate the generation of gravitational waves from the rotation of an orthogonal pulsar magnetosphere in flat space-time. We calculate the first-order metric perturbation due to the rotation of the non-axisymmetric distribution of electromagnetic energy density around the central star. We show that gravitational waves from a strong magnetic field pulsar right after its formation within a distance of 1 kpc may be detectable with the new generation of gravitational wave detectors.
He abundance in NGC 1850 A and B: Are we observing the early stage of the formation of multiple populations in a stellar cluster?
Authors: Carini R , Sollima A , Brocato E , Biazzo K 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
We present the results for a sample of B stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud young double stellar cluster NGC 1850 A and NGC 1850 B, as observed with the integral-field spectrograph at the Very Large Telescope, the Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE). We compare the observed equivalent widths (EWs) of four He lines (4922, 5015, 6678, and 7065 Å) with those determined from synthetic spectra computed with different He mass fractions (Y = 0.25, 0.27, 0.30, and 0.35) with the code synspec, which takes into account the non-local thermodynamic equilibrium effect. From this comparison, we determine the He mass fraction of the B stars, finding a distribution that is not homogeneous. The stars can be divided in three groups: He-weak (Y &lt; 0.24) and He-normal (0.24 ≤ Y ≤ 0.26) stars, belonging to the main sequence of NGC 1850 A, and He-rich stars (0.33 ≤ Y ≤ 0.38), situated in the main sequence associated with NGC 1850 B. We analyse the stellar rotation as possibly being responsible for the anomalous features of the He lines in the He-rich stars. We provide a simple analysis of the differences between the observed EWs and those obtained from theoretical models with different rotation velocities (Vsini = 0 and 250 km s–1). The resolution of the MUSE spectra does not allow us to obtain a conclusive result; however, our analysis support the He-enhanced hypothesis.
Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head in People Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus: A Micro–Computed Tomography Study
Authors: Li Kangpeng , Ma Rui , Xu Biao , Zhang Qiang 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
The incidence of osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) in people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is 10–100 times higher than that in the general population. However, the specific bone microstructure and extent of damage within the femoral head in PWH are still unclear.

Methods
Femoral head samples were obtained by total hip arthroplasty, micro–computed tomography (micro-CT) was employed to investigate the microstructure of trabecular bone across 4 representative regions within necrotic femoral heads, and quantitative analysis was performed.

Results
On general observation, different degrees of degenerative cartilage, fibrocartilage, hyperplastic bone, and exposed bone were presented alternately, with a “map-like” appearance. On micro-CT, compared with the normal and necrotic areas, the bone volume/tissue volume and bone mineral density of the sclerotic areas were significantly increased, the number of trabeculae was significantly increased, and the gap was smaller (P &lt; .05). There was no significant difference in trabecular thickness among the groups (P &lt; .05).

Conclusions
The systemic immune syndrome caused by HIV itself may interfere with the normal metabolism of bone, including osteoblasts and osteoclasts, and thus participate in HIV-related ONFH.
Gendering Illiberal Politics
Authors: Graff Agnieszka , Korolczuk Elżbieta 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This chapter argues that gender plays a key role in the illiberal project of demonizing liberalism by reducing it to its sociocultural dimension and by culturalizing political cleavages. It explores what is meant by “resistance to gender” and how this trend resonates with core features of the illiberal worldview: its anti-modernism, anti-globalism, anti-individualism, and post-postmodernism. While anti-genderism’s origins are religious, the role of religion in illiberal anti-gender politics is often instrumental. We provide evidence of the convergence between illiberalism and anti-genderism from countries such as Poland, Hungary, Sweden, Spain, and the United States. Finally, the chapter discusses existing conceptualizations of the relationship between anti-genderism on the one hand and illiberalism as well as populism on the other. We propose the concept of opportunistic synergy to capture the growing ideological affinity and developing political collaboration between religious fundamentalists, ultraconservative civil-society actors, and right-wing politicians.
Illiberalism, Left-Wing Populism, and Popular Sovereignty in Latin America
Authors: Carrión Julio F. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This chapter discusses the record of left-wing populism in power in relation to the exercise of popular sovereignty. Many left- and right-wing populist leaders claim to want to enhance the “people’s power” and reduce the influence of corrupt elites or politicians. Because populism has a strong illiberal orientation, these leaders seek to monopolize political representation and demonize those who refuse to support them. When unconstrained by existing liberal institutions, their illiberalism leads populist leaders to undermine the popular sovereignty they claim to not only defend but deepen. This manifests in unfair and rigged elections. Their illiberal anti-pluralism means that populist chief executives cannot accept the legitimacy of opposition, especially when it comes from civil society, because it threatens their contention that they are the sole embodiment of “the people.” Without liberal constraints, the illiberalism of populism weakens, not enhances, popular sovereignty. The chapter illustrates these points using evidence from Latin America.
From Backsliding to Illiberalism and Beyond
Authors: de Sa e Silva Fabio 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Around the world, scholars and citizens are facing winds of “democratic backsliding,” leading to “hybrid” regimes that feature elections (democracy) but lack political liberalism. The role of legal reforms and tools in such changes has become central to various interdisciplinary projects—including the Project on Autocratic Legalism (PAL). This chapter builds on PAL data from three large Global South democracies (Brazil, India, and South Africa) to examine the links between law and illiberalism in the multiple and contested definitions of the latter. The chapter arrives at three propositions: (1) there is fertile ground for studies connecting illiberalism and law, as evidence grows that law plays an intricate role in the erosion of liberalism within and across countries; (2) in these studies, attacks on liberalism must be understood broadly as targeting not just political liberalism but also liberal experiences and legacies more generally; and (3) studies of law and illiberalism must unfold in relation also to broader conceptions of freedom and equality.
Illiberalism as a Key to De-Democratization
Authors: Massicard Elise 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Political developments in Turkey in the last decade have been conceived in the academic literature mostly in terms of de-democratization/autocratization and, more recently, populism—and much less in terms of illiberalism. The ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP) came to power in 2002 with a liberalization program, not only on an economic level but also on a political platform of defending less state intervention and protecting rights and pluralism. Within a few years, however, the same rulers began to heavily restrict checks and balances, the rule of law, and basic rights and freedoms. This chapter argues that considering these developments in terms of illiberalism—by disentangling democracy and liberalism—provides new insights. It is based on the study of the political practices of the AKP in office and their evolution. It suggests ways to operationalize the notion of illiberalism in the recent Turkish experience, showing the analytical perspectives this case offers.
The Illiberalism(s) of Polish Conservative Intellectuals
Authors: Behr Valentin 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Drawing on intellectual history and the sociology of intellectuals, this chapter takes a close look at the critiques of liberalism that have been formulated by Polish conservative intellectuals since the end of the communist era. It depicts the evolution of their ideology by distinguishing four types of critiques: (1) liberalism as a dominant ideology, in the context of the postcommunist changes; (2) liberalism as moral relativism; (3) liberalism as a threat to the natural (social and political) order; and (4) liberalism as Westernization/colonization. It also depicts the environment in which the intellectuals under study are evolving, comprising academia, the media, think tanks, the political landscape. Such an approach permits us to understand the social mechanisms and dynamics by which ideas gain power, and to identify what is contextual (i.e., specific to the Polish or postcommunist context) and what is common to a broader context of the global (far) right.