bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of point‐of‐care HIV viral load and targeted drug resistance mutation testing on viral suppression among Kenyan pregnant and postpartum women: results from a prospective cohort study (Opt4Mamas)
Authors: Patel Rena C. , Oyaro Patrick , Thomas Katherine K. , Basha Garoma Wakjira , Wagude James , Mukui Irene , Brown Evelyn , Hassan Shukri A. , Kinywa Eunice , Oluoch Fredrick , Odhiambo Francesca , Oyaro Boaz , Kingwara Leonard , Karauki Enericah , Yongo Nashon , Otieno Lindah , John‐Stewart Grace C. , Abuogi Lisa L. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionLack of viral suppression (VS) among pregnant and breastfeeding women living with HIV poses challenges for maternal and infant health, and viral load (VL) monitoring via centralized laboratory systems faces many barriers. We aimed to determine the impact of point‐of‐care (POC) VL and targeted drug resistance mutation (DRM) testing in improving VS among pregnant and postpartum women on antiretroviral therapy.MethodsWe conducted a pre/post‐intervention prospective cohort study among 820 pregnant women accessing HIV care at five public‐sector facilities in western Kenya from 2019 to 2022. The pre‐intervention or “control” group consisted of standard‐of‐care (SOC) centralized VL testing every 6 months and the post‐intervention or “intervention” group consisted of a combined strategy of POC VL every 3 months, targeted DRM testing, and clinical management support. The primary outcome was VS (VL ≤1000 copies/ml) at 6 months postpartum; secondary outcomes included uptake and turnaround times for VL testing and sustained VS.ResultsAt 6 months postpartum, 321/328 (98%) of participants in the intervention group and 339/347 (98%) in the control group achieved VS (aRR 1.00, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.98, 1.02). When assessing VS using a threshold of <40 copies/ml, VS proportions were lower overall (90−91%) but remained similar between groups. Among women with viraemia (VL>1000 copies/ml) who underwent successful DRM testing in the intervention group, all (46/46, 100%) had some DRMs and 20 (43%) had major DRMs (of which 80% were nucleos(t)ide reverse transcriptase inhibitor mutations). POC VL testing uptake was high (>89%) throughout pregnancy, delivery, and postpartum periods, with a median turnaround time of 1 day (IQR 1, 4) for POC VL in the intervention group and 7 days (IQR 5, 9) for SOC VL in the control group. Sustained VS throughout follow‐up was similar between groups with either POC or SOC VL testing (90−91% for <1000 copies/ml, 62–70% for <40 copies/ml).ConclusionsOur combined strategy markedly decreased turnaround time but did not increase VS rates, which were already very high, or sustained VS among pregnant and postpartum women living with HIV. Further research on how best to utilize POC VL and DRM testing is needed to optimize sustained VS among this population.
Does economic freedom foster education in Sub‐Saharan Africa?
Authors: Dia Ibrahima , Atangana Ondoa Henri , Ouedraogo Idrissa 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study investigates the effect of economic freedom on education in Sub‐Saharan Africa. We used a panel of 41 countries covering the period 2000–2019 and the two‐stage least squares (IV‐2SLS) estimates. We find that economic freedom fosters secondary education. Furthermore, we find that the five components of economic freedom have varying effects on education. Indeed, size of government increases secondary education. Legal system increases secondary and tertiary education, while freedom to trade fosters primary and secondary education. In contrast, sound money has a negative impact on primary and tertiary education. These results are robust when we consider education by gender.
Identifying delays in the outpatient interventional radiology department: a quality improvement study
Authors: Kilgour Jeremy , McLean Glenda , Paul Eldho , Knight Richard 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionIn the post‐COVID 19 environment, it has become increasingly important for healthcare services to optimise service delivery for the benefit of both patients and staff. The project purpose was to quantify and determine causes of throughput delays in a newly established outpatient angiography service in a public hospital setting.MethodsThis single‐centre study obtained quantitative and qualitative data for 81 consecutive outpatient interventional radiology (IR) examinations over a 3‐month period via survey and retrospective analysis of electronic medical records. Staff participating in data collection were able to record multiple causes for delay in a single case and were also able to include comments, allowing for more detailed descriptions of the delays that occurred.ResultsA total of 93 delay factors were identified in 73 of the 81 outpatient interventional examinations and grouped into six categories via thematic analysis. Availability of the IR room (40%), availability of the radiologist (28%) and insufficient documentation (18%) were identified as the most frequent causes for delay. Linear regression analysis showed that documentation (P = 0.0002) and room unavailability (P = 0.022) were independently associated with procedural starting delay.ConclusionDelays to the IR procedural start time occurred in 90% of cases (73/81). This study identified the causes for delays in outpatient interventional procedures. This information can be used to improve service delivery in IR departments.
Sexualize one, objectify all? The sexualization spillover effect on female job candidates
Authors: Guillén Laura , Kakarika Maria , Heflick Nathan 
Published: November 2023

SummaryWe examined whether sexualizing a businesswoman impacts attitudes toward subsequently evaluated, nonsexualized females applying for a corporate managerial position. Research shows that sexualized women are perceived as less warm and competent (i.e., objectified). Integrating this work with research on social cognition, we hypothesized that the negative effect of sexualization “spills over” onto other nonsexualized women, reducing their hireability. Across two experiments, initially sexualized women were perceived as less warm and competent, as were subsequently evaluated nonsexualized female job candidates. In turn, these negative perceptions reduced the applicants' probability of being hired. Sexualization of women also increased intentions to hire a subsequently evaluated male candidate. The results were robust when we controlled for evaluators' gender and age. Our findings demonstrate that female job applicants can experience detrimental effects from sexually based objectification, even when they are not the individuals initially sexualized. We discuss implications for women's careers.
Effect of extrusion on the protein structure and digestibility of extruded soybean protein
Authors: Fu Xiaohang , Li Wenhui , Zhang Tianyu , Li He , Zang Mingwu , Liu Xinqi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDExtrusion is the main method for the preparation of plant‐based meat. Current studies have focused on the effect of different extrusion parameters on the texture and quality of plant‐based meat, but there has been less research on their digestibility. This study determined the textural properties of extruded soybean protein (ESPro) for different extrusion parameters and the digestibility after in vitro simulated digestion experiments. The effect of extrusion on the structure and digestibility of ESPro and the relationship between them were elucidated.RESULTSThe results demonstrated a significant improvement in the digestibility of ESPro through extrusion, with the highest values for cohesiveness, springiness, chewiness, fibrous degree, digestibility, and proportion of digested peptides with <1 kDa molecular weight at an extrusion temperature of 160 °C and a screw speed of 30 rpm (ESPro1). In addition, β‐sheet content in the secondary structure of the ESPro showed a significant negative association with ESPro digestibility.CONCLUSIONIn this study, extrusion could improve the digestibility of ESPro by altering the protein structure. This advancement holds the potential for more effective applications in plant‐based meats. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
How to use augmented reality to promote a destination? The mediating role of augmented reality attachment
Authors: Zhu Chris , Io Man‐U. , Hall Colin Michael , Ngan Henrique Fátima Boyol , Peralta Rachel Luna 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAugmented reality (AR) is gaining attention as one of the methods for realizing metaverse experiences. Although previous studies identified authenticity and narrative transportation as positive predictors of tourist behaviors in AR tourism, few studies have explained why authenticity and narrative transportation can affect tourist behaviors in AR tourism. To fill the research gap, drawing upon attachment theory, this study aims to examine the mediating role of AR attachment between authenticity, narrative transportation, and word of mouth. Through structural equation modeling analysis, the findings indicated AR attachment mediated authenticity, narrative transportation, and word of mouth. This study advanced attachment theory by proposing a new concept, AR attachment, and tested its mediation effect. Furthermore, the findings are beneficial for heritage tourism managers to understand AR heritage tourism marketing.
Correlations Between Anxiety and/or Depression Diagnoses and Dysphagia Severity
Authors: Doruk Can , Mocchetti Valentina , Rives Hal , Christos Paul , Rameau Anaïs 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveAn increased prevalence of mood and anxiety disorders in patients with dysphagia has been noted previously, but whether dysphagia severity may be exacerbated by anxiety and depression has never been studied before. The purpose of this study is to identify the effect of pre‐existing diagnosis of anxiety and/or depression (anxiety/depression) on the Eating Assessment Tool (EAT‐10), a validated patient‐reported outcome measure for dysphagia. We hypothesized that patients with dysphagia and normal instrumental evaluation have higher EAT‐10 score in the presence of pre‐existing anxiety and depression.MethodsA retrospective chart review was conducted of patients seen at the multi‐disciplinary dysphagia clinic of an urban academic institution. EAT‐10 scores and pre‐existing diagnoses of anxiety/depression were collected at the first visit with laryngologists. The two‐sample t‐test was used to compare mean EAT‐10 scores between the anxiety/depression and no anxiety/depression groups, stratified by swallowing dysfunction etiology.ResultsThe study included 290 consecutive patients seen starting in January 2018. In this cohort, 60 (21%) had pre‐existing anxiety, 49 (17%) depression, and 36 (12%) both. Overall, 59 patients had normal swallowing based on instrumental swallowing testing (flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing, videofluoroscopic swallow study, esophagram, or esophagoscopy). Among those, mean EAT‐10 score was significantly higher in patients with anxiety and/or depression (n = 30) (14.63, SD = 11.42) compared to those with no anxiety and/or depression (n = 29) (8.93, SD = 6.59) (p = 0.023).ConclusionWhile anxiety/depression may aggravate dysphagia in patients with normal swallowing function, this correlation may not hold in those with objective swallowing dysfunction.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 134:2115–2120, 2024
Lab‐based multispectral photography for approximating chlorophyll content in Zostera marina
Authors: Haviland Katherine Ann , Hayn Melanie , Howarth Robert Warren 
Published: November 2023

AbstractReduced light is one of the primary threats to seagrass meadows in the coming decades, with reduced light reaching the benthos due to eutrophication. We assessed a multispectral photography technique using near‐infrared photography to estimate chlorophyll content in the seagrass Zostera marina. Using near‐infrared and red wavelength cameras in the lab environment, we measured normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) in photographs of sampled seagrass leaves. In samples taken from three different environments, we found a positive correlation between lab‐based NDVI and chlorophyll content, with variation attributable to leaf age. In samples grown under different light conditions, we found high levels of NDVI associated with lower light possibly due to seagrass photoacclimation. This method may be used in addition to existing seagrass monitoring methods to collect data on seagrass photic status and estimate chlorophyll content, and detect possible light limitation due to turbidity or high epibiota cover. The relatively low cost and time required for this method may make it useful where researchers are already collecting and imaging seagrass as part of routine monitoring.
Large Field‐of‐View and Multi‐Color Imaging with GaP Quadratic Metalenses
Authors: Baranikov Anton V. , Khaidarov Egor , Lassalle Emmanuel , Eschimese Damien , Yeo Joel , Loh N. Duane , Paniagua‐Dominguez Ramon , Kuznetsov Arseniy I. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMetalenses, in order to compete with conventional bulk optics in commercial imaging systems, often require large field of view (FOV) and broadband operation simultaneously. However, the strong chromatic and coma aberrations present in common metalens designs have so far limited their widespread use. Stacking of metalenses as one of the possible solutions increases the overall complexity of the optical system and hinders the main benefits of reduced thickness and light weight. To tackle both issues, this study proposes a single‐layer imaging system utilizing a recently developed class of metalenses providing large FOV. Using it, full‐color imaging with a FOV of is demonstrated. This approach, empowered by computational imaging techniques, produces high‐quality images, both in terms of color reproduction and sharpness. Suitable for real‐time unpolarized light operation with the standard color filters present in prevalent camera systems, these results might enable a pathway for consumer electronics applications of this emerging technology.
The RRAS2 pathogenic variant (c.67G>T; p. Gly23Cys) produces Noonan syndrome with embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma
Authors: Zeng Lan , Wang Jin , Zhu Hui , Huang Yu , Deng Yi , Wei Ping , Nie Jing , Tang Bei , Chen Ai , Zhu Shuyao 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundNoonan syndrome (NS) due to the RRAS2 gene, the pathogenic variant is an extremely rare RASopathies. Our objective was to identify the potential site of RRAS2, combined with the literature review, to find the correlation between clinical phenotype and genotype. De novo missense mutations affect different aspects of the RRAS2 function, leading to hyperactivation of the RAS‐MAPK signaling cascade.MethodsConventional G‐banding was used to analyze the chromosome karyotype of the patient. Copy number variation sequencing (CNV‐seq) was used to detect the chromosomal gene microstructure of the patient and her parents. The exomes of the patient and her parents were sequenced using trio‐based whole exome sequencing (trio‐WES) technology. The candidate variant was verified by Sanger sequencing. The pathogenicity of the variant was predicted with a variety of bioinformatics tools.ResultsChromosome analysis of the proband revealed 46, XX, and no abnormality was found by CNV‐seq. After sequencing and bioinformatics filtering, the variant of RRAS2(c.67G>T; p. Gly23Cys) was found in the proband, while the mutation was absent in her parents. To the best of our knowledge, our patient was with the typical Noonan syndrome, such as short stature, facial dysmorphism, and developmental delay. Furthermore, our study is the first case of NS with embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (ERMS) caused by the RRAS2 gene mutation reported in China.ConclusionsOur investigations suggested that the heterozygous missense of RRAS2 may be a potential causal variant in a rare cause of Noonan syndrome, expanding our understanding of the causally relevant mutations for this disorder.
Mixed formulation of physics‐informed neural networks for thermo‐mechanically coupled systems and heterogeneous domains
Authors: Harandi Ali , Moeineddin Ahmad , Kaliske Michael , Reese Stefanie , Rezaei Shahed 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPhysics‐informed neural networks (PINNs) are a new tool for solving boundary value problems by defining loss functions of neural networks based on governing equations, boundary conditions, and initial conditions. Recent investigations have shown that when designing loss functions for many engineering problems, using first‐order derivatives and combining equations from both strong and weak forms can lead to much better accuracy, especially when there are heterogeneity and variable jumps in the domain. This new approach is called the mixed formulation for PINNs, which takes ideas from the mixed finite element method. In this method, the PDE is reformulated as a system of equations where the primary unknowns are the fluxes or gradients of the solution, and the secondary unknowns are the solution itself. In this work, we propose applying the mixed formulation to solve multi‐physical problems, specifically a stationary thermo‐mechanically coupled system of equations. Additionally, we discuss both sequential and fully coupled unsupervised training and compare their accuracy and computational cost. To improve the accuracy of the network, we incorporate hard boundary constraints to ensure valid predictions. We then investigate how different optimizers and architectures affect accuracy and efficiency. Finally, we introduce a simple approach for parametric learning that is similar to transfer learning. This approach combines data and physics to address the limitations of PINNs regarding computational cost and improves the network's ability to predict the response of the system for unseen cases. The outcomes of this work will be useful for many other engineering applications where deep learning is employed on multiple coupled systems of equations for fast and reliable computations.
A BMO‐based MRPID controller with optimal control of speed in hybrid stepper motor
Authors: Deepa S. M. , Venkatesh C. , Nandalal V. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis paper proposes a Barnacles mating optimizer‐based multi‐resolution proportional‐integral derivative (MRPID) controller for precise speed control of the hybrid stepper motor (HSM). The proposed approach is a barnacle mating optimizer (BMO) control scheme. The main objective of this approach is to use the MRPID controller to improve speed control in particular and uncertain conditions. The BMO is utilized to create the proposed MRPID controller. The proposed converter has a low switching voltage and uses a low input current. The proposed converter supplies a large amount of power to the voltage source inverter (VSI), which converts DC to AC and then supplies it to the HSM. The HSM can be utilized in various settings, including robots and factory applications. Then, the performance of the proposed system has been evaluated in the MATLAB platform and compared with various existing systems. The existing adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and the moth flame optimization algorithm (MFO) methods are used to validate the efficiency of the proposed controller. The proposed system rise time is 0.0007, the settling time is 0.1, the recovery time is 0.221, the AMU is 1.205, the IAE is 0.1034, and the SSE is 0.234. According to the simulation findings, the suggested system is statistically significant.
Experimental investigation on mechanical performance of PVC foam‐based E‐glass isophthalic polyester composites
Authors: Ojha Somanath , Bisaria Himanshu , Mohanty Smita , Kanny Krishnan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe present research paper investigates the chemical, thermal, mechanical, thermo‐mechanical properties, and fractography of sandwich composites made from E‐glass‐reinforced isophthalic polyester with Poly Vinyl Chloride (PVC) foam as a core by hand. These composites are commonly used in marine applications and manufactured by hand lay‐up method. A comparison is made between the properties of the PVC foam polyester sandwich composite with E‐glass layers on both sides (SC1) and the PVC foam isophthalic polyester sandwich composite with double layers of E‐glass on both sides (SC2) in relation to single‐layer E‐glass. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is employed to analyze the chemical composition of the composites. Various mechanical properties, including impact strength, flexural strength (FS), fracture toughness, and tensile strength (TS), are evaluated for the fabricated composites. Thermo‐mechanical and thermal properties are examined using dynamic mechanical analysis and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), respectively. The chemical analysis identifies the unsaturation sites of (CH2)n, carbonyl group CO of the ester group, and the stretching of CH and CH3. The mechanical properties of SC2 composites are observed to be superior to those of SC1 composites. TGA revealed that both SC1 and SC2 composites showcased comparable temperature‐dependent weight loss patterns. Nonetheless, the SC2 composite displayed elevated glass transition temperature values and superior damping properties, as indicated by its higher Tanδ values. Examination of the fractured surfaces using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrograph reveals a honeycomb structure, matrix cracking, and fiber pullout.Highlights
Examination of the chemical, thermal, mechanical, and thermo‐mechanical attributes of sandwich composites made from E‐glass‐reinforced isophthalic polyester with PVC foam as the core.
Evaluation of the impact of E‐glass layering on the thickness of the composite skin.
Analysis of interfacial properties through FTIR techniques.
Assessment of mechanical properties like impact strength, FS, fracture toughness, and TS.
Investigation of fracture surfaces using SEM.
Effects of 7‐minute practices of breathing and meditation on stress reduction
Authors: Sun Chunxia , Tong Jiajin , Qi Xin , He Zhonghui , Qian Junwei 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe compared the effects of 7‐min practices of breathing and meditation on perceived stress reduction and related affective outcomes (active emotion, serenity, anxiety, and fatigue) during micro‐breaks. Undergraduates from two classes (N = 59) completed the 7‐point online surveys. Results supported the effects of both practices.
Emotional dampening in hypertension: Impaired recognition of implicit emotional content in auditory and cross‐modal stimuli
Authors: Shukla Meenakshi , Pandey Rakesh 
Published: November 2023

AbstractResearch shows a reduced responsivity to implicit as well as explicit facial emotion recognition (emotional dampening) in prehypertensives and hypertensives. This study explored auditory and audiovisual emotion recognition in prehypertensives and hypertensives. Participants (N = 175) who were normotensives, prehypertensives, and hypertensives (n = 57, 58, and 60, respectively) completed an auditory implicit task (matching auditory target with auditory distractors) and two cross‐modal implicit tasks (matching visual target with auditory distractors, and vice‐versa), and an auditory explicit task (labelling emotions in audio‐clips). Findings showed an aberrant speed–accuracy trade‐off, where prehypertensives focused more on accuracy at the cost of speed while hypertensives showed the opposite. Discriminant function analysis revealed that blood pressure (BP)‐associated emotional dampening is a highly specific but moderately sensitive correlate of hypertension. Our study highlights that prehypertensives and hypertensives demonstrate emotional dampening in implicit (but not explicit) auditory emotion recognition and a greater deficit for auditory than visual recognition of implicit emotions. Findings show emotional dampening as an observable correlate of elevated BP and hypertension.