bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Ampicillin on the kinetics of colonization of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Lactobacillus fermentum in the respiratory tract of mice
Authors: Cangemi de Gutiérrez Rosa , Santos Viviana , Cecilia Marta , Silva Clara , Nader-Macías María Elena 
Published: November 2004

AbstractAmpicillin was selected to further study the effect of this antibiotic on the colonization capability of S. pneumoniae and L. fermentum intranasally inoculated in a mice experimental model. The sensitivity of S. pneumoniae and L. fermentum to antibiotics was evaluated by different "in vitro" techniques. The results showed that both microorganisms have a typical pattern of sensitivity to antibiotics in these assays. The "in vivo" experiments showed that the treatment with Ampicillin increased the number of lactobacilli and neumococci in the groups of mice treated only with one of the microorganisms. In those mice treated with Lactobacillus, challenged later with neumococci and treated with Ampicillin, the pathogen in lung decreased on the 4th day, disappearing completely after on. The histological studies showed that the antibiotic treatment decreased the inflammatory response produced by the pathogen at the lung and trachea levels.
Histopathological features of breast tumours in BRCA1, BRCA2 and mutation-negative breast cancer families
Authors: Eerola Hannaleena , Heikkilä Päivi , Tamminen Anitta , Aittomäki Kristiina , Blomqvist Carl , Nevanlinna Heli 
Published: November 2004

Abstract
Introduction
Histopathological features of BRCA1 and BRCA2 tumours have previously been characterised and compared with unselected breast tumours; however, familial non-BRCA1/2 tumours are less well known. The aim of this study was to characterise familial non-BRCA1/2 tumours and to evaluate routine immunohistochemical and pathological markers that could help us to further distinguish families carrying BRCA1/2 mutations from other breast cancer families.

Methods
Breast cancer tissue specimens (n = 262) from 25 BRCA1, 20 BRCA2 and 74 non-BRCA1/2 families were studied on a tumour tissue microarray. Immunohistochemical staining of oestrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR) and p53 as well as the histology and grade of these three groups were compared with each other and with the respective information on 862 unselected control patients from the archives of the Pathology Department of Helsinki University Central Hospital. Immunohistochemical staining of erbB2 was also performed among familial cases.

Results
BRCA1-associated cancers were diagnosed younger and were more ER-negative and PgR-negative, p53-positive and of higher grade than the other tumours. However, in multivariate analysis the independent factors compared with non-BRCA1/2 tumours were age, grade and PgR negativity. BRCA2 cases did not have such distinctive features compared with non-BRCA1/2 tumours or with unselected control tumours. Familial cases without BRCA1/2 mutations had tumours of lower grade than the other groups.

Conclusions
BRCA1 families differed from mutation-negative families by age, grade and PgR status, whereas ER status was not an independent marker.
Association between radiographic joint space narrowing, function, pain and muscle power in severe osteoarthritis of the knee
Authors: Barker Karen , Lamb Sarah E , Toye Francine , Jackson Sarah , Barrington Sharon 
Published: November 2004

Objective: To examine the association between radiographic classification of severe knee osteoarthritis and measurements of function, pain and power. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Specialist orthopaedic hospital. Subjects: One hundred and twenty-three patients on the waiting list for elective knee arthroplasty. Outcome measures: Weight-bearing antero-posterior radiographs scored for severity of osteoarthritis using the Kellgren and Lawrence scale. Function measured using the function subscale of the WOMAC (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities) index, timed tests of walking speed and sit-to-stand. Pain measured using the pain subscale of the WOMAC index and a visual analogue scale. Extensor strength of the lower limb measured with the leg extensor power rig. Results: Within any radiographic grade there was considerable variation in function: WOMAC function for patients with grade 2 mean 64 (47 / 86), grade 3 mean 47 (12 / 89) grade 4 mean 45 (2 / 92). There was poor correlation between radiographic score function, pain or muscle power, with no statistically significant associations. A wide range of scores was also seen within patients with the same radiographic grade. Conclusions: Radiographic score was not found to be closely associated with function. Amongst patients with the same radiographic score there was considerable variation in function, pain and power.
Education for people with progressive neurological conditions can have negative effects: Evidence from a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ward C D , Turpin G , Dewey M E , Fleming S , Hurwitz B , Ratib S , von Fragstein M , Lymbery M 
Published: November 2004

Objectives: To test the effects of a home-based educational intervention in reducing the incidence and the risk of falls and pressure sores in adults with progressive neurological conditions. Design: Randomized controlled trial with 12 months follow-up. Setting: Participants’ homes in the City of Nottingham. Participants: One hundred and fourteen people with progressive neurological conditions recruited from general practices in Nottingham, including 53 with Parkinson's disease and 45 with multiple sclerosis. Interventions: In the education group (EG), baseline data were reviewed by an expert panel which advised on actions most likely to promote each individual's physical, social and psychological well-being. An occupational therapist (OT) then visited EG participants to provide education and information and to discuss a personalized 12-month health action plan. The comparison group (CoG) received standardized printed information delivered to their home. Main measures: Numbers of participants reporting falls and skin sores at two-monthly phone calls during the follow-up period of 12 months. Results: The EG reported significantly more falls during the follow-up period and at 12 months (adjusted odds ratio 2.83 (95% CI 1.07-7.47), p=0.036) and significantly more skin sores (adjusted odds ratio 12.74 (95% CI 1.14-142.6), p=0.039) than the CoG. There was no difference between CoG and EG in the Nottingham Extended Activities of Daily Living score, but EG patients showed a significant rise in this score over the study period of 1.62 (95% CI 0.69-2.55, p=0.002). Conclusions: Our findings provide evidence that education for people with progressive neurological conditions can have negative effects.
Home Insulin Pump Use in Hospitalized Children With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Owens Jodi , Courter Joshua , Schuler Christine L. , Lawrence Michelle , Hornung Lindsey , Lawson Sarah 
Published: February 2024

ImportancePediatric data on inpatient home insulin pumps are absent in the literature. Understanding safety of home insulin pumps, managed by patients or caregivers, during times of illness will help diabetes technology securely move into pediatric hospitals.ObjectiveTo examine whether insulin can be safely and accurately delivered to hospitalized children through home insulin pumps when managed by patients or caregivers.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis single-center, retrospective, observational cohort study included children with insulin-dependent diabetes admitted to a tertiary children’s hospital from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2021. In all these patients, diabetes was the primary or secondary diagnosis on admission.ExposureInsulin delivery via home insulin pump, hospital insulin pump, or subcutaneous injection.Main Outcomes and MeasuresHyperglycemia (glucose, &amp;gt;250 mg/dL) and hypoglycemia (glucose, &amp;lt;45 mg/dL) rates (quantified as the proportion of total insulin-days), glucose variability, and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) recurrences were compared for hospital pumps (manual mode), home pumps (manual mode), and subcutaneous injections using bivariate tests.ResultsThere were 18 096 insulin-days among 2738 patients aged 0.5 to 25 years (median age, 15.8 years [IQR, 12.3-18.3 years]). Overall, 990 (5.5%) of insulin-days involved hospital insulin pumps, and 775 (4.3%) involved home pumps. A total of 155 insulin-days (15.7%) involving hospital pumps were hyperglycemic, compared with 209 (27.0%) involving home pumps and 7374 (45.2%) involving injections (P &amp;lt; .001). Moderate hypoglycemia days comprised 31 insulin-days (3.1%) involving hospital pumps compared with 35 (4.5%) involving home pumps and 830 (5.1%) involving injections (P = .02). Severe hypoglycemia did not differ significantly according to insulin delivery method. Two patients using injections (0.01%) developed DKA; no patients using hospital or home pumps developed DKA.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study, home insulin pump use was found to be safe in a children’s hospital regarding hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia. These data support use of home insulin pumps during pediatric admissions in patients who do not require intensive care and without active DKA.
Trends in Obstetrics and Gynecology Residency Applications in the Year After Abortion Access Changes
Authors: Hammoud Maya M. , Morgan Helen K. , George Karen , Ollendorff Arthur T. , Dalrymple John L. , Dunleavy Dana , Zhu Min , Banks Erika , Akingbola Bukky Ajagbe , Connolly AnnaMarie 
Published: February 2024

ImportanceState-specific abortion restrictions currently affect the training of approximately 44% of obstetrics and gynecology (OBGYN) residents in the US. Examination of where future trainees apply for residency is important.ObjectiveTo assess changes in the percentage of applicants to OBGYN residency programs by state based on abortion restrictions in place after the Dobbs v Jackson Women’s Health Organization (hereafter, Dobbs v Jackson) US Supreme Court decision and examine whether applicants’ preference for programs, as suggested by the distribution of application signals that express higher interest, was associated with abortion bans.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis serial cross-sectional study used anonymized data for all applicants to OBGYN residency programs in the US during September and October from 2019 to 2023. Data were obtained from the Association of American Medical Colleges Electronic Residency Application Service.ExposuresApplications and program preference signals sent to OBGYN residency programs, analyzed by applicants’ self-reported demographics.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was differences in the percentage of unique applicants to OBGYN residency programs from 2019 to 2023, with programs categorized by state-based abortion restrictions after the Dobbs v Jackson decision. Secondary outcomes included the distribution of program signals by state abortion ban status.ResultsA total of 2463 applicants (2104 [85.4%] women) who applied to OBGYN programs for the 2023 residency match cycle were the focal sample of this study. While overall applicant numbers remained stable between 2019 and 2023, the number of applicants differed significantly by state abortion ban status in the 2022 (F2,1087 = 10.82; P &amp;lt; .001) and the 2023 (F2,1087 = 14.31; P &amp;lt; .001) match cycles. There were no differences in the number of signals received by programs in states with bans after controlling for known covariates such as number of applications received and program size, and there were no differences in the percentage of signals sent by out-of-state applicants to programs in states with different abortion laws than their home states (F2,268 = 2.41; P = .09).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional study, there was a small but statistically significant decrease in the number of applicants to OBGYN residency programs in states with abortion bans in 2023 compared with 2022. However, applicant signaling data did not vary by states’ abortion ban status. While OBGYN residency programs almost completely filled in 2023, continued monitoring for the potential consequences of state abortion bans for OBGYN training is needed.
NDRG1 is a prognostic biomarker in breast cancer and breast cancer brain metastasis
Authors: Joshi Vaibhavi , Stacey Andrew , Feng Yufan , Kalita‐de Croft Priyakshi , Duijf Pascal HG , Simpson Peter T , Lakhani Sunil R , McCart Reed Amy E 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBrain metastases are secondary brain tumours characterised by their aggressive nature and poor prognosis. Breast cancer is one of the most common primary tumours in women to spread to the brain. A lack of biomarkers predicting likely spread to the brain and limited therapeutic interventions represents major areas of clinical unmet need. We investigated N‐myc downregulated gene‐1 (NDRG1) as a clinically relevant biomarker in breast cancer brain metastasis patients. NDRG1 expression was investigated using immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays of two clinical cohorts: (i) brain metastatic breast cancers (n = 48) and brain metastases (n = 64; including a subset of 39 patient‐matched breast and brain metastasis cases) and (ii) unselected primary breast cancers (n = 336). NDRG1 was highly expressed in breast‐to‐brain metastases, as well as in high‐grade primary breast cancers. High NDRG1 expression and also an absence of expression were associated with worse survival outcomes in both breast cancer and breast cancer brain metastasis patients. This establishes NDRG1 as a ‘Goldilocks’ protein, where too much or too little has a negative effect on survival. We pose that this accounts for its previous categorisation as both tumour suppressor and oncoprotein. Additionally, a shift in NDRG1 localisation with a gain of nuclear expression was seen at the brain metastasis stage. Significant survival benefit in cases expressing cytoplasmic NDRG1 was observed, whereas NDRG1 localisation in the nucleus showed a clear association with poorer survival. In vitro analyses revealed that hypoxic stress significantly elevated NDRG1 expression and resulted in its nuclear localisation. Our findings suggest NDRG1 expression and subcellular localisation are clinically relevant biomarkers for poor prognosis in breast cancer and breast cancer brain metastasis.
Decoding the biology and clinical implication of neutrophils in intracranial aneurysm
Authors: Ji Hang , Han Yujing , Danyang Jie  , Yue Li  , Hailan Yang  , Sun Haogeng , You Chao , Xiao Anqi , Liu Yi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectiveAbundant neutrophils have been identified in both ruptured and unruptured intracranial aneurysm (IA) domes, with their function and clinical implication being poorly characterized.Materials and MethodsWe employed single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐Seq) datasets of both human and murine model, and external bulk mRNA sequencing datasets to thoroughly explore the features and functional heterogeneous of neutrophils infiltrating the IA dome.ResultsWe found that both unruptured and ruptured IA dome contain a substantial population of neutrophils, characterized by FCGR3B, G0S2, CSF3R, and CXCR2. These cells exhibited heterogeneity in terms of function and differentiation. Despite similar transcriptional activation, neutrophils in IA dome expressed a repertoire of gene programs that mimicked transcriptomic alterations observed from bone marrow to peripheral blood, showing self‐similarity. In addition, the recruitment of neutrophils in unruptured IA was primarily mediated by monocytes/macrophages, and once ruptured, both neutrophils, and a specific subset of inflammatory smooth muscle cells (SMCs) were involved in the process. The receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC) analysis indicated that distinct neutrophil subclusters were associated with IA formation and rupture, respectively. By reviewing current studies, we found that neutrophils play a detrimental role to IA wall integrity through secreting specific ligands, ferroptosis driven by ALOX5AP and PTGS2, and the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) mediated by PADI4.InterpretationThis study delineated the biology and potential clinical implications of neutrophils in IA dome and provided a reliable basis for future researches.
Frequently Encountered Artifacts in the Application of Dual‐Energy Computed Tomography to Cardiovascular Imaging for Urate Crystals in Gout: A Matched‐Control Study
Authors: Yokose Chio , Eide Sterling Ellis , Huber Florian A. , Simeone F. Joseph , Ghoshhajra Brian B. , Shojania Kamran , Nicolaou Savvas , Becce Fabio , Choi Hyon K. 
Published: February 2024

ObjectiveThere is surging interest in using dual‐energy computed tomography (DECT) to identify cardiovascular monosodium urate (MSU) deposits in patients with gout. We sought to examine the prevalence and characterization of cardiovascular DECT artifacts using non–electrocardiogram (EKG)‐gated DECT pulmonary angiograms.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed non–EKG‐gated DECT pulmonary angiograms performed on patients with and without gout at a single academic center. We noted the presence and locations of vascular green colorization using the default postprocessing two‐material decomposition algorithm for MSU. The high‐ and low‐energy grayscale images and advanced DECT measurements were used to determine whether they were true findings or artifacts. We classified artifacts into five categories: streak, contrast medium mixing, misregistration due to motion, foreign body, and noise.ResultsOur study included CT scans from 48 patients with gout and 48 age‐ and sex‐matched controls. The majority of patients were male with a mean age of 67 years. Two independent observers attributed all areas of vascular green colorization to artifacts. The most common types of artifacts were streak (56% vs 57% between patients and controls, respectively) and contrast medium mixing (51% vs 65%, respectively). Whereas some of the default DECT measurements of cardiovascular green colorization were consistent with values reported for subcutaneous tophi, advanced DECT measurements were not consistent with that of tophi.ConclusionArtifacts that could be misconstrued as cardiovascular MSU deposits were commonly identified in patients with and without gout on non–EKG‐gated DECT pulmonary angiograms. These artifacts can inform future vascular DECT studies on patients with gout to minimize false‐positive findings.
A Novel Signature Based on m6A Regulator‐Mediated Genes Along Glycolytic Pathway Predicts Prognosis and Immunotherapy Responses of Gastric Cancer Patients
Authors: Liu Duanrui , Li Binbin , Yang Mingyue , Xing Yuanxin , Liu Yunyun , Yuan Mingjie , Liu Fen , Wu Yufei , Ma Xiaoli , Jia Yanfei , Wang Yunshan , Ji Mingyu , Zhu Jingyu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractN6‐methyladenosine (m6A) modification is involved in many aspects of gastric cancer (GC). Moreover, m6A and glycolysis‐related genes (GRGs) play important roles in immunotherapeutic and prognostic implication of GC. However, GRGs involved in m6A regulation have never been analyzed comprehensively in GC. Herein, the study aims to identify and validate a novel signature based on m6A‐related GRGs in GC patients. Therefore, a m6A‐related GRGs signature is established, which can predict the survival of patients with GC and remain an independent prognostic factor in multivariate analyses. Clinical significance of the model is well validated in internal cohort and independent validation cohort. In addition, the expression levels of risk model‐related GRGs in clinical samples are validated. Consistent with the database results, all model genes are up‐regulated in expression except DCN. After regrouping the patients based on this risk model, the study can effectively distinguish between them in respect to immune‐cell infiltration microenvironment and immunotherapeutic response. Additionally, candidate drugs targeting risk model‐related GRGs are confirmed. Finally, a nomogram combining risk scores and clinical parameters is created, and calibration plots show that the nomogram can accurately predict survival. This risk model can serve as a reliable assessment tool for predicting prognosis and immunotherapeutic responses in GC patients.
Superfast Phase Transformation Driven by Dual Chemical Equilibrium Enabling Enhanced Electrochemical Energy Storage
Authors: Dai Pengfei , Ma Wenlong , Zhou Yiming , Tang Yawen , Cao Xin , Wu Ping , Zhou Haoshen 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPhase transformation engineering provides new synthetic opportunities and pathways toward functional materials with desirable phases and structures. However, current phase transformation processes are generally time‐consuming or low‐yielding due to the lack of favorable driving forces. Herein, a superfast and scalable phase transformation technique driven by dual chemical equilibrium is developed. Taking manganese hexacyanoferrate (MnHCF) as an example, precipitation–dissolution and oxidation‐reduction dual chemical equilibrium co‐drive the superfast phase transformation from cubic KMnFe(CN)6 (C‐MnHCF) to monoclinic K2MnFe(CN)6 (M‐MnHCF) and simultaneously oxidative polymerization of polypyrrole (PPy), enabling the formation of homogeneous M‐MnHCF/PPy hybrid materials. For electrochemical energy storage, the uniform hybridization of PPy improves the electrical conductivity, restrains the dissolution of Mn, and more importantly, promotes K+‐intercalation kinetics of the K‐intercalated MnHCF‐based cathodes with a K+/Na+ competing insertion/extraction mechanism. As a result, the M‐MnHCF/PPy hybrid cathode manifests enhanced structural integrity and charge‐transport capability and thus long‐term cyclic life (114.8 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles at 0.1 A g−1) and high rate performance (113.3 and 92.7 mAh g−1 at 0.5 and 1 A g−1, respectively).
0D Amplification Strategies Reshape Bone Interface Niches via Biointernalization Effects
Authors: Yu Yuhao , Wang Juan , Sun Zhenyu , Chen Zehao , Xiong Wei , Li Yamin , Cui Wenguo , Chen Yunsu 
Published: February 2024

Abstract0D biomaterials (0DBMs) can serve as carriers to enhance and extend the regulatory effects of biological cues they transport on cell fate via bacterial/mammalian cell internalization. However, accurately delivering and amplifying biosignals through 0DBMs remains challenging to cope with ecological niche destabilization induced by factors such as trauma or infection. Herein, the “zero‐dimensional amplification” approach is employed to develop a surface carboxylate carbon dot (CQD‐COOH) conjugated with a neutrophil constitutive peptide (LL‐37), resulting in the formation of a 0D peptide quantum dot (LQD). Hydrogel‐released LQDs, when internalized by bacteria, cause the bacteria to programmatically rupture and die, whereas LQDs internalized by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) activate the cellular CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling axis, which directs the stem cells to homing and anchor to the surface of the hydrogel coating. Notably, this strategy of “zero‐dimensional amplification” enables the antimicrobial performance of LL‐37 to be boosted approximately 1.3‐fold, significantly extending the transmission efficiency of biosignals. Meanwhile, 0D lipid nanoparticles (lipo‐NPs) with targeting function incorporated into the hydrogel could deliver the bio‐small molecule MK‐4 to MCSs and induce their endocytosis, further enhancing osseointegration. Thus, the hydrogel coating (HGLL) under this strategy can significantly remodel the ecological niche of the implant–bone interface in infected environment.