bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment of T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma in Children and Young Adults With the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York IIB Protocol
Authors: Steinherz Peter G. , Mauguen Audrey , Suser Stephanie , Ramaswamy Kavitha , Kobos Rachel , Forlenza Christopher J. , Shukla Neerav , Trippett Tanya , Wolden Suzanne , Steinherz Laurel 
Published: February 2025

We described the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York IIB (MSK-NYII) protocol pilot in 1993, for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in children at high risk of early relapse. We now report MSK-NYII for the treatment of T-ALL/T-lymphoma over a 15-year period. A review of all patient charts identified 63 treated from 1/1/2000-12/31/2015, with a median follow-up of 9.9 years. Further follow-ups were confounded by the COVID pandemic. Remissions (CR) were defined as <5% marrow blast count on Day 28 and resolution of extramedullary disease. Forty-four had T-ALL, and 19 had stage III/IV lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-LL). Median age at diagnosis was 13.6 years (range 0.4 to 23.7). At diagnosis central nervous system (CNS) leukemia was present in 7/63 patients (11%), cranial nerve palsy in 3 (5%), CNS2 [<5cells/µL cerebrospinal fluid with blasts seen on cytospin] in 11 (17%), testicular enlargement in 3 (5%), and mediastinal mass in 45 (71%). On Day 8, 37 T-ALL (86%) were rapid early responders with <25% marrow blasts. 54 patients had an examination, cerebrospinal fluid, and marrow evaluation on day 28. Remission was demonstrated in 53 (98%) after prior marrow and CNS disease. The 19 T-lymphoma patients had no evidence of disease on day 28. Four relapses in marrow were recorded during therapy. Second remissions were able to be achieved. One patient died without having relapsed and is counted as an event in the event-free survival (EFS) analysis. Four patients, including 3 after the second CR transplant, died during follow-up. One unusual case of T-ALL recurred as T-LL of the colon 5.5 years after diagnosis, 3.5 years after therapy discontinuation. Fifteen years after diagnosis 88% (95% CI=78%-98%) survived event-free, and 91% (95% CI=82%-100%) survived. Twenty-five patients received irradiation. Three had RT to the testes, 3 had cranial RT for cranial nerve palsies, and 19 had cranial radiation for either CNS leukemia, CNS2, or for initial white blood cell >100,000/ µL. The MSK-NYIIB protocol, with a 94% 5-year and 88% 15-year EFS, is an effective therapy for the treatment of T-ALL/lymphoma, with similar toxicity to other high-risk regimens.
The Lupus Foundation of America Rapid Evaluation of Activity in Lupus Patient-Reported Outcome Predicts Health-Related Quality of Life, Fatigue, and Work Productivity Impairment: Data From the Almenara Lupus Cohort
Authors: Ugarte-Gil Manuel F. , Gamboa-Cárdenas Rocío V. , Pimentel-Quiroz Victor R. , Reátegui-Sokolova Cristina , Elera-Fitzcarrald Claudia , García-Hirsh Samira , Pastor-Asurza César , Rodriguez-Bellido Zoila , Perich-Campos Risto , Alarcón Graciela S 
Published: February 2025

Objective
The study aims to evaluate the impact of patient-reported disease activity in other patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients.

Methods
SLE patients from the Almenara Lupus Cohort were included, and visits were performed every 6 months. Disease activity was assessed with the Lupus Foundation of America Rapid Evaluation of Activity in Lupus (LFA-REAL) PRO, health-related quality of life (HRQoL) with the LupusQoL, fatigue with the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy–Fatigue (FACIT-F), and work productivity impairment with the work productivity and activity impairment (WPAI). Generalized estimating equations were performed for each domain of the LupusQoL, the FACIT-F, and the WPAI. The LFA-REAL PRO measured at the previous visit; multivariable models were adjusted for possible confounders measured at the same visit as the LFA-REAL PRO. The Β (regression unstandardized coefficient) is reported per an increase of 10 units of the LFA-REAL PRO.

Results
A total of 316 patients and 1116 visits were included. Mean (SD) LFA-REAL PRO at baseline was 240.9 (182.1). LFA-REAL PRO predicted a worse HRQoL in all domains of the LupusQoL, the WPAI, and the FACIT-F, even after adjustment for confounders.

Conclusions
A higher patient-reported disease activity predicted a worse HRQoL and fatigue as well as a higher work productivity impairment in SLE patients. Patient-reported disease activity should be included in the evaluation of SLE patients on a regular basis as such provides the patients' own perception of their disease. This may have an impact on their adherence to treatment and may result in better outcomes.
American Association for the Surgery of Trauma pancreatic organ injury scale: 2024 revision
Authors: Notrica David M. , Tominaga Gail T. , Gross Joel A. , Southard Richard N. , McOmber Mark E. , Crandall Marie , Kozar Rosemary , Kaups Krista L. , Schuster Kevin M. , Ball Chad G. 
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND
The American Association for the Surgery of Trauma Organ Injury Scale (OIS) Committee published the original pancreatic OIS in 1990 with the authors acknowledging at the time that the classification would need to undergo “continued refinement as clinical experience dictates.” The current OIS overemphasizes injury location over ductal integrity; modifications are needed to improve concordance between OIS, therapy, and outcomes and promote accuracy in quality assessment and research.

METHODS
A subcommittee of the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma and invited experts in radiology and interventional gastroenterology were chosen. Contemporary literature was reviewed, and a standardized iterative and collegial process was used to arrive at consensus.

RESULTS
The pancreatic OIS is anatomically based on operative, radiographic, or pathologic findings. Major changes to the grading system include moving lacerations of the pancreatic head without ductal injury from Grade IV to Grade II. Injuries to the duct in the neck, body, or tail remain Grade III but are further subclassified to distinguish between deep parenchymal injuries without ductal interrogation, partial ductal injuries, and complete ductal transection. Grade IV injuries follow the same nomenclature but for injuries to the right of the portal vein or superior mesenteric vein. Grade V injuries are destructive injuries of the pancreatic head with nonviable parenchyma. These injuries are further subgraded based on ductal injuries.

CONCLUSION
The pancreatic OIS schema is revised based on contemporary experience informed by the current understanding of outcomes and treatment, including operative management and outcomes. Increasing grades now more closely reflect increasing severity.
Indoor air quality at a French university:a participatory CO2 measurement campaign highlights the wide gap between reality and the law
Authors: Cinquin Philippe 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPoor indoor air quality has been demonstrated to increase the risk of transmitting infectious agents and to expose individuals to the phenomenon of sick building syndrome. In light of these findings, most countries have established specific guidelines regarding indoor air quality in university rooms. In France, for instance, the maximum permissible concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in university rooms without mechanical ventilation is set at 1,300 parts per million (ppm), and the minimum volume per occupant is 15 m3. For rooms with mechanical ventilation, the minimum clean air flow rate is 25 m3/h/occupant.The primary objective of this study was to design and demonstrate the feasibility of a simple, cost-effective method for comparing the reality of indoor air quality in all university rooms with legal requirements. The secondary objectives of the present study were to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method in identifying and reporting problematic situations, and in issuing practical recommendations.Mobile CO2sensors (Aranet4) were provided to volunteer lecturers to measure the CO2concentration during and after classes. The number of occupants and the condition of openings were also recorded. These data were supplemented by measurements from 117 fixed Carbon Nexelec sensors. The data were then fitted to a model, which enabled the characterization of air quality and the estimation of the gauge reduction required to comply with the law.None of the 14 rooms without mechanical ventilation complied with the legal minimum of 15 m3/occupant. 75% of the third quartiles of CO2concentrations during classes exceeded 2692 ppm. In rooms with mechanical ventilation, median clean air flow was 15 m3/h/occupant at 100% occupancy (9 m3/h/occupant for the first quartile). In 32 out of 41 rooms with mechanical ventilation (78%), the clean air flow was estimated to be below the legal minimum of 25 m3/h/occupant at 100% occupancy. Concentrations in excess of 5,000 ppm were observed in 23 of the 101 rooms equipped with fixed sensors.The proposed method has demonstrated its feasibility in real-life conditions. For the purpose of evaluating the air quality of all rooms affiliated with universities, it is recommended that this method be used in a systematic manner. The findings of this study indicate that a significant proportion of the examined rooms may not be in accordance with the relevant legislation, thereby jeopardizing the health of the occupants. In order to comply with the law, the method proposed here to estimate gauge reduction should be applied.
Sociodemographic predictors of acute corneal hydrops in patients with unstable keratoconus
Authors: Kanu Levi N , Boychev Nikolay , Fry Meredith , Margolis Leah , Le Cherry , Paneru Rimsha , Ng Veronica , Hutchison Jules , Ciolino Joseph B. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether sociodemographic factors affect the outcomes of patients with unstable keratoconus.DesignRetrospective case control studySubjectsAll patients diagnosed with unstable keratoconus at Mass Eye and Ear between January 2016 and October 2022. Those who experienced acute corneal hydrops during the study period were considered cases, and those who did not were considered controls.MethodsPotential subjects were identified by billing code and verified with review of clinical documentation. Charts were reviewed for pertinent sociodemographic, medical, and ocular risk factors.Main Outcome MeasuresClinical diagnosis of acute corneal hydrops was the primary outcome. Receipt of corneal crosslinking (CXL) was a secondary outcome.ResultsOf 762 patients diagnosed with unstable keratoconus, we identified 128 episodes of hydrops in 113 patients (14.9%). Compared to controls, cases were a significantly higher proportion Black (27.6% vs 14.6%,P<0.0001), unemployed (22.4% vs 12.5%,P<0.01), and/or covered by public health insurance plans (50.4% vs 27.7%,P<0.0001). Body mass index (BMI) was significantly higher in cases (34.1±10.0) than controls (29.2±8.1, mean±SD,P<0.0001). Developmental delay (17.7% vs 3.4%,P<0.0001), atopy (48.9% vs 30.4%,P=0.0001), sleep apnea (9.7% vs 1.2%,P<0.0001), and eye rubbing (85.5% vs 67.7%,P<0.01) were all more common in the hydrops group. In a stepwise multivariable logistic regression analysis, Black race [2.10 (1.02-4.27),P=0.041], public health insurance coverage [2.06 (1.12-3.80),P=0.020], BMI [1.05 (1.02-1.08),P=0.003], and developmental delay [16.42 (5.62-56.30),P<0.001] were each associated with a higher odds of incident hydrops [OR (95%CI)]. Similar trends were found to influence the receipt of CXL, with male sex [0.34 (0.13-0.77),P=0.015], Black race [0.39 (0.16-0.97),P=0.038], and public health insurance [0.37 (0.16-0.82),P=0.014] negatively influencing the odds of receiving CXL.ConclusionsThis study establishes several sociodemographic (Black race, unemployment, and publicly insured) and medical (high BMI and developmental delay) factors as independent risk factors influencing the incidence of hydrops and/or the receipt of CXL in a large group of patients with unstable keratoconus. Special attention is warranted when caring for patients within these subpopulations with unstable keratoconus, and further study into the mechanisms of these associations is warranted.
Estimating extreme displacements under a Lomax generalized linear model framework: the role of sample size and threshold choice
Authors: Rudolph Francisca Javiera , Ponciano José Miguel 
Published: February 2025

AbstractUnderstanding ecological variation is fundamental to predicting the dynamics of natural systems, and it becomes increasingly more complex when rare or extreme events are involved. Extreme value statistics are a useful but underutilized tool in ecological analysis, and in this paper we showcase a simulation based study that uses extreme value distributions to estimate rare events. Focused on long-distance dispersal events, we simulate individual variation in seed dispersal events within heterogeneous populations by using finite mixture models. We employ three different approaches to model fitting extreme value distributions, and we particularly incorporate the special case of a Lomax distribution. Using a modified generalized extreme value distribution and comparing to a peak over threshold model fitting approach, we assess which models are able to capture the true underlying parameters. Additionally, we used a well-known linear bootstrap bias-corrrection and evaluate its utility to correct the bias in the estimation. Our results show that threshold models are the best at capturing the true underlying probability of long-distance dispersal models, and that the bias correction is somewhat useful, depending on the sample size. Estimating rare events in ecology is an important and statistically challenging process and in this study we provide a simple probabilistic approach to doing so.
Dose Escalation in Pentylenetetrazol Kindling Detects Differences in Chronic Seizure Susceptibility
Authors: Moyer Mitchell B. , Langbein Jenna , Tsymbalyuk Orest , McAfee Darrian , Chen Chixiang , Bachani Muznabanu , Gerzanich Volodymyr , Simard J. Marc , Ksendzovsky Alexander 
Published: February 2025

AbstractObjectivePentylenetetrazol (PTZ) kindling is a widely used model for inducing epileptogenesis and evaluating long-term seizure susceptibility differences among animals. This model is typically performed by chronic, repetitive exposures to a constant subconvulsive PTZ dose. However, the effectiveness of the commonly used subconvulsive dose (35mg/kg) varies among different animal groups and experimental conditions due to factors such as species, age, sex, and genetic background. The objective of this study was to characterize a novel model of kindling, the PTZ Dose Escalation (PTZ-DE) model, which assesses chronic seizure threshold with enhanced sensitivity by empirically determining the minimally effective dose to induce PTZ kindling for specific experimental conditions.MethodsThis study investigated the efficacy and validity of the PTZ-DE model by comparing its performance to the standard PTZ kindling approach across a series of conditions. First, the ability of the PTZ-DE model to produce the gradual increase in chronic seizure severity response characteristic of PTZ kindling was compared to the standard model across animal background characteristics (strain, sex). Next, the validity of this model was investigated by determining if the PTZ-DE model could replicate similar changes in chronic seizure susceptibility previously published using the standard approach after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Lastly, the PTZ-DE model’s efficacy to detect seizure differences was measured in a condition (glyburide treatment) in which alterations to chronic seizure susceptibility were not detected with standard kindling.ResultsThis study found that the PTZ-DE model corrects for background differences in PTZ susceptibility, replicates known differences in chronic seizure thresholds after TBI, and identifies new alterations in seizure threshold not detected with traditional kindling methods.SignificanceThe PTZ-DE model may prove to be a superior tool to standard PTZ kindling for discovering new pathological mechanisms of epileptogenesis and for developing targeted therapies for chronic seizure management, as evidenced by its ability to detect subtle differences in seizure susceptibility across various experimental conditions.
Moving northwards: Invasive Green Crab (Carcinusspp.) Expands into the Southwestern Atlantic
Authors: Baigorria Micaela Müller , Narvarte Maite , Bonel Nicolás , Hünicken Leandro 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe invasive European green crab (Carcinusspp.) has become a significant ecological concern due to its rapid global spread and impact on coastal ecosystems. In the Southwestern Atlantic, the northernmost population was recently recorded in the San Matías Gulf, providing an opportunity to study its demographic and life-history traits at the leading edge of its range. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of this population, assessing sex ratio, population density, size distribution, and the size at which 50% of females were ovigerous (SM50). Our findings revealed a pronounced male-biased sex ratio (1.50 males per female) and a relatively low population density (0.52 crabs.m-2), suggesting early-stage population establishment. The size range of individuals aligned more closely withCarcinus aestuariithanC. maenas, raising the possibility of hybridization or misidentification. Ovigerous females were present throughout most of the year, highlighting an extended reproductive period and adaptability to local environmental conditions. These traits, combined with rapid range expansion, underscore the invasive potential ofCarcinusspp. and its ecological implications for the San Matías Gulf. Long-term monitoring and genetic analyses are essential to clarify species composition and inform management strategies to mitigate further spread and impacts of this invasive population.Simple SummaryGreen crabs are invasive species that threaten coastal ecosystems around the world by competing with native animals and damaging habitats. Recently, a population of green crabs was discovered in the San Matías Gulf in Argentina, marking the furthest north this species has been found in the Southwestern Atlantic. We studied this population to understand its characteristics and how it might grow and spread in the future. We found that male crabs were more abundant and larger than females, and the overall population density was relatively low, which suggests that the population is still becoming established. Interestingly, the size of the crabs in this area is more similar to a related, less common species of green crab, which has also been reported in the Southwestern Atlantic, than to the more widely studied species. Since these two species are nearly identical in appearance, they are often misidentified, making it important to study their genetic makeup. Female crabs carrying eggs were found throughout most of the year, showing that this population can adapt well to local conditions and reproduce for extended periods. These findings suggest that the population could expand further and have serious impacts on native species and ecosystems. Monitoring this population over time will help scientists and policymakers better manage the spread of this invasive crab.
Belowground competition increases root allocation in agreement with game-theoretical predictions, but only when plants simultaneously compete aboveground
Authors: Kopp Emanuel B. , Anten Niels P.R. , Niklaus Pascal A. , Wuest Samuel E. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractEvolutionary game theory posits that plants competing with neighbours preferentially allocate resources towards resource-foraging structures, which reduces the marginal gain per investment unit and the ability of plants to produce seeds. This phenomenon is known as the tragedy of the commons (TOC), and undesirable in grain crops. Specifically, changes in light quality due to neighbour plants often induce costly responses like petiole or stem elongation, increasing individual competitiveness at the expense of stand-level yield. Similarly, it has been postulated that belowground competition can induce increased root production in the vicinity of neighbours, which can also reduce seed yield.There has been a long-standing debate about the interpretation of resource allocation patterns observed in plant-plant competition experiments in crops. Experimental setups using pot systems and artificial dividers to manipulate competitive interactions have been questioned because of the difficulty of simultaneously controlling pot volume, nutrient amount, and nutrient concentration. Moreover, observations of root growth under competition have been inconsistent, ranging from increased root production to spatial root system segregation. Here, using soybean as a model system, we conducted a competition experiment to disentangle above- and belowground drivers of biomass allocation patterns. Specifically, we used above- and belowground physical dividers and varied inter-plant distances (between 3 and 24 cm) to avoid a confounding of divider treatments with plant-available soil volume. Plants closer together had higher root-to-shoot ratios, indicating that an increased fraction of assimilated was diverted to root growth, but this only happened when they competed both above- and belowground (no dividers). Aboveground competition triggered shade avoidance responses, resulting in slender plant habit and reduced total root and shoot biomass. Overall, our results provide evidence for a preferential allocation to root biomass in soybean plants when exposed simultaneously to above and belowground competitions. As effects of belowground competition became only evident when plants were allowed to also compete aboveground, we interpret the competition cues to be processed hierarchically, with aboveground signals having precedence over belowground signals. More generally, our findings show that varying the distance between competing plants allows to avoid the confounding of divider treatments with plant-available soil volume. A reduced total biomass production of plants competing above- and belowground may be interpreted as a consequence of lowered marginal gains arising from allocation patterns that optimize individual but not group performance.
Hyper-mutational processes provide a head-start for non-optimal cancer driver mutations explaining atypicalKRASvariants
Authors: Nicholson Michael D. , Tomlinson Ian 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIn hypermutant cancers, both the mutation rate per cell division and the genomic locations of new mutations are vastly altered. Such cancers often display atypical driver gene variants, which may provide sub-optimal oncogenic advantages. Why such weaker cancer drivers prevail in these tumours is unclear. Here, we examine the null hypothesis that aberrant mutational processes alone can account for the detection of weaker, rather than canonical, driver mutations. Using a mathematical modelling analysis, we find that simply increasing the mutation rate per-division can lead to the detection of weaker drivers, an effect which is further compounded by the biassing of mutations towards weaker driver sequence contexts. Focusing onPOLE-mutant (DNA polymerase epsilon proofreading-deficient) colorectal cancers andKRASdriver mutations, we quantify the mutational bias towards non-canonicalKRASdrivers in bothPOLE-mutant and non-hypermutant colorectal cancers. The observed bias, coupled with the increased mutation rate ofPOLE-mutant cancers, is sufficient to explain the enrichment of atypicalKRASdrivers inPOLE-mutant cancers with plausible selection parameters. Thus, within our model, differential selection between these cancer types need not be invoked to understand the observed variation in driver mutations.