bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NUSAP1 regulates mouse oocyte meiotic maturation
Authors: Yu Lina , Kong Na , Lin Yuling , Qiu Panpan , Xu Qian , Zhang Yang , Zhen Xin , Yan Guijun , Sun Haixiang , Mei Jie , Cao Guangyi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe correct assembly of the spindle apparatus directly regulates the precise separation of chromosomes in mouse oocytes, which is crucial for obtaining high‐quality oocytes capable of successful fertilization. The localization, assembly, migration, and disassembly of the spindle are regulated by a series of spindle‐associated proteins, which exhibit unique expression level variations and specific localization in oocytes. Proteomic analysis revealed that among many representative spindle‐associated proteins, the expression level of nucleolar and spindle‐associated protein 1 (NUSAP1) significantly increased after meiotic resumption, with a magnitude of change higher than that of other proteins. However, the role of NUSAP1 during oocyte meiosis maturation has not been reported. Here, we report that NUSAP1 is distributed within the cell nucleus during the germinal vesicle (GV) oocytes with non‐surrounded nucleolus stage and is not enriched in the nucleus during the GV‐surrounded nucleolus stage. Interestingly, NUSAP1 forms distinct granular aggregates near the spindle poles during the prophase of the first meiotic division (Pro‐MI), metaphase I, and anaphase I/telophase I stages. Nusap1 depletion leads to chromosome misalignment, increased aneuploidy, and abnormal spindle assembly, particularly a decrease in spindle pole width. Correspondingly, RNA‐seq analysis revealed significant suppression of the “establishment of spindle orientation” signaling pathway. Additionally, the attenuation of F‐actin in NUSAP1‐deficient oocytes may affect the asymmetric division process. Gene ontology analysis of NUSAP1 interactomes, identified through mass spectrometry here, revealed significant enrichment for RNA binding. As an RNA‐binding protein, NUSAP1 is likely involved in the regulation of messenger RNA homeostasis by influencing the dynamics of processing (P)‐body components. Overall, our results demonstrate the critical importance of precise regulation of NUSAP1 expression levels and protein localization for maintaining mouse oocyte meiosis.
Thyroid hormone receptor Thra and Thrb knockout differentially affects osteoblast biology and thyroid hormone responsiveness in vitro
Authors: Lademann Franziska , Tsourdi Elena , Hofbauer Lorenz C. , Rauner Martina 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThyroid hormones (TH) are important modulators of bone remodeling and thus, thyroid diseases, in particular hyperthyroidism, are able to compromise bone quality and fracture resistance. TH actions on bone are mediated by the thyroid hormone receptors (TR) TRα1 and TRβ1, encoded by Thra and Thrb, respectively. Skeletal phenotypes of mice lacking Thra (Thra0/0) and Thrb (Thrb−/−) are well‐described and suggest that TRα1 is the predominant mediator of TH actions in bone. Considering that bone cells might be affected by systemic TH changes seen in these mutant mice, here we investigated the effects of TR knockout on osteoblasts exclusively at the cellular level. Primary osteoblasts obtained from Thra0/0, Thrb−/−, and respective wildtype (WT) mice were analyzed regarding their differentiation potential, activity and TH responsiveness in vitro. Thra, but not Thrb knockout promoted differentiation and activity of early, mature and late osteoblasts as compared to respective WT cells. Interestingly, while mineralization capacity and expression of osteoblast marker genes and TH target gene Klf9 was increased by TH in WT and Thra‐deficient osteoblasts, Thrb knockout mitigated the responsiveness of osteoblasts to short (48 h) and long term (10 d) TH treatment. Further, we found a low ratio of Rankl, a potent osteoclast stimulator, over osteoprotegerin, an osteoclast inhibitor, in Thrb‐deficient osteoblasts and in line, supernatants obtained from Thrb−/− osteoblasts reduced numbers of primary osteoclasts in vitro. In accordance to the increased Rankl/Opg ratio in TH‐treated WT osteoblasts only, supernatants from these cells, but not from TH‐treated Thrb−/− osteoblasts increased the expression of Trap and Ctsk in osteoclasts, suggesting that osteoclasts are indirectly stimulated by TH via TRβ1 in osteoblasts. In conclusion, our study shows that both Thra and Thrb differentially affect activity, differentiation and TH response of osteoblasts in vitro and emphasizes the importance of TRβ1 to mediate TH actions in bone.
Generalized Foldy–Wouthuysen transformation for relativistic two‐component methods: Systematic analysis of two‐component Hamiltonians
Authors: Inoue Nobuki , Watanabe Yoshihiro , Nakano Haruyuki 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe generalized Foldy–Wouthuysen (GFW) transformation was proposed as a generic form that unifies four types of transformations in relativistic two‐component methods: unnormalized GFW(UN), and normalized form 1, form 2, and form 3 (GFW(N1), GFW(N2), and GFW(N3)). The GFW transformation covers a wide range of transformations beyond the simple unitary transformation of the Dirac Hamiltonian, allowing for the systematic classification of all existing two‐component methods. New two‐component methods were also systematically derived based on the GFW transformation. These various two‐component methods were applied to hydrogen‐like and helium‐like ions. Numerical errors in energy were evaluated and classified into four types: the one‐electron Hamiltonian approximation, the two‐electron operator approximation, the newly defined “picture difference error (PDE),” and the error in determining the transformation, and errors in multi‐electron systems were discussed based on this classification.
Spontaneous curvature generation by peptides in asymmetric bilayers
Authors: Park Soohyung , Rice Amy , Im Wonpil , Pastor Richard W. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPeptides and proteins play crucial roles in membrane remodeling by inducing spontaneous curvature. However, extracting spontaneous curvatures from simulations of asymmetric bilayers is challenging because differential stress (i.e., the difference of the leaflet surface tensions) arising from leaflet area strains can vary substantially among initial conditions. This study investigates peptide‐induced spontaneous curvature in asymmetric bilayers consisting of a single lipid type and a peptide confined to one leaflet; is calculated from the Helfrich equation using the first moment of the lateral pressure tensor and an alternative expression using the differential stress. It is shown that differential stress introduced during initial system generation is effectively relaxed by equilibrating using P21 periodic boundary conditions, which allows lipids to switch leaflets across cell boundaries and equalize their chemical potentials across leaflets. This procedure leads to robust estimates of for the systems simulated, and is recommended when equality of chemical potentials between the leaflets is a primary consideration.
Association of handgrip strength and walking pace with incident Parkinson's disease
Authors: Liu Mengyi , He Panpan , Ye Ziliang , Zhang Yuanyuan , Zhou Chun , Yang Sisi , Zhang Yanjun , Qin Xianhui 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to quantify the association of handgrip strength and self‐reported walking pace with incident Parkinson's disease (PD) in the general population.MethodsA total of 419 572 participants (54.1% females, mean age: 56.1 years [SD, 8.2]) without prior PD were included from UK Biobank. Handgrip strength was assessed by dynamometer. Walking pace was self‐reported as slow, average or brisk. The study outcome was incident PD, determined by self‐report data, hospital admission records or death records.ResultsThe mean handgrip strength was 23.5 (SD, 6.3) and 39.6 (SD, 8.9) kg for females and males, respectively. A total of 33 645 (8.0%), 221 682 (52.8%) and 164 245 (39.2%) participants reported slow, average and brisk walking pace, respectively. Over a median follow‐up duration of 12.5 years, 2152 participants developed incident PD. When handgrip strength was assessed as sex‐specific tertiles, compared with those in the third tertile, the adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) (95% confidence interval [CI]) of incident PD for participants in the second and first tertiles were 1.23 (1.09–1.39) and 1.60 (1.42–1.79), respectively. Compared with brisk walking pace, average (HR, 1.33; 95% CI: 1.20–1.47) or slow (HR, 1.84; 95% CI: 1.57–2.15) walking pace was associated with a higher risk of incident PD. A lower grip strength (Tertiles 1 and 2) and an average/slow walking pace accounted for 23.8% and 19.9% of PD cases, respectively. When handgrip strength and walking pace were considered together, the highest risk of incident PD was observed in participants with both lowest handgrip strength and slow walking pace (HR, 2.89; 95% CI: 2.30–3.64). Genetic risks of PD did not significantly modify the relation of handgrip strength (P for interaction = 0.371) or walking pace (P for interaction = 0.082) with new‐onset PD.ConclusionsLow handgrip strength and slow walking pace were significantly associated with a higher risk of incident PD, regardless of the individuals' genetic risk profile.
Prevalence and clinical impact of CD56 and T‐cell marker expression in acute myeloid leukaemia: A single‐centre retrospective analysis
Authors: Shaforostova Inna , Call Simon , Evers Georg , Reicherts Christian , Angenendt Linus , Stelljes Matthias , Berdel Wolfgang E. , Pohlmann Alexander , Mikesch Jan‐Henrik , Rosenbauer Frank , Lenz Georg , Schliemann Christoph , Wethmar Klaus 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFlow cytometry‐based immunophenotyping is a mainstay of diagnostics in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Aberrant CD56 and T‐cell antigen expression is observed in a fraction subset of AML cases, but the clinical relevance remains incompletely understood. Here, we retrospectively investigated the association of CD56 and T‐cell marker expression with disease‐specific characteristics and outcome of 324 AML patients who received intensive induction therapy at our centre between 2011 and 2019. We found that CD2 expression was associated with abnormal non‐complex karyotype, NPM1 wild‐type status and TP53 mutation. CD2 also correlated with a lower complete remission (CR) rate (47.8% vs. 71.6%, p = 0.03). CyTdT and CD2 were associated with inferior 3‐year event‐free‐survival (EFS) (5.3% vs. 33.5%, p = 0.003 and 17.4% vs. 33.1%, p = 0.02, respectively). CyTdT expression was also correlated with inferior relapse‐free survival (27.3% vs. 48.8%, p = 0.04). In multivariable analyses CD2 positivity was an independent adverse factor for EFS (HR 1.72, p = 0.03). These results indicate a biological relevance of aberrant T‐cell marker expression in AML and provide a rationale to further characterise the molecular origin in T‐lineage‐associated AML.
Developing gender‐sensitive post‐disaster needs assessment national guideline based on the impacts of 2019 Iran floods
Authors: Amini Hosseini Kambod , Izadkhah Yasamin O. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this paper, the outline of national guideline for gender‐sensitive post‐disaster needs assessment (PDNA) that was developed based on the experiences of 2019 Iran floods is presented. Accordingly, at first, the baseline information on female‐headed households, elderly, disabled women and the employment situation of females that should be collected before the disaster is introduced. Then, the mechanism for evaluation the effects and impacts of disasters on women and girls is presented. Finally, considering the recovery strategies, their needs in recovery and reconstruction are addressed. The results can be used in other countries to develop the gender‐sensitive PDNA guidelines.
On the identification of seasonal trends, dependency and driving forces of precipitation and vertically integrated vapour transport over Northeast India
Authors: Biswas Jit 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe vertically integrated horizontal vapour transport (IVT) accompanied by westerlies and southwesterlies mainly contributes as a distant source of moisture to the seasonal precipitation (PR). The moisture transport and PR patterns across the eastern Himalayas (Sikkim, northern Sub‐Himalayan West Bengal and Arunachal Pradesh) are strongly modulated by the orographic setup, local land‐atmospheric factors and teleconnection with climate indices of the Indian and Pacific oceans. This study elaborates on the changing patterns of PR and IVT, changes in IVT contribution to the seasonal PR under the nonstationary framework and evaluates the nonlinear dependency on local and distant drivers with piecewise regression model. Asymmetries in significant seasonal trends are conspicuous due to multi‐altitude interactions. Strong declining trend over Assam and Arunachal Pradesh is evident for PR with concurrent rising trend over the Meghalaya plateau. The IVT signals show a significant decline in post‐monsoon (October and November) and winter (December to February) across Assam Plain. The increase in mean IVT contributes significantly to seasonal PR. Significant decline in the contribution of heavy IVT to winter PR is observed over Manipur, Mizoram, Tripura and part of Assam. Surface 2 m temperature and net thermal radiation exhibit contrasting influence on seasonal PR. IVT shows mainly positive association with surface 2 m dew point temperature and latent heat flux across the eastern Himalayas. NINO3.4 index exhibits strong negative influence on post‐monsoon PR. The Pacific Decadal Oscillation is strongly associated with summer (March to May) PR. Monsoon (June to September) IVT is negatively influenced by the Pacific Decadal Oscillation over the Sub‐Himalayan West Bengal, Gangetic West Bengal, Bihar and Jharkhand. The Southern Oscillation Index is negatively linked with summer IVT. The combination of local driving forces mainly controls the seasonal PR and IVT across all seasons. Besides, distant drivers are prominent in monsoon and post‐monsoon. This study reveals insights into recent changes of PR and IVT, their contribution to seasonal water resources in the eastern Himalayas and the controlling strength of local land‐atmosphere feedback mechanism and distant land‐ocean coupling drivers under nonstationary climate.
Change and attribution of frost days and frost‐free periods in China
Authors: Zhu Luanxuan , Yan Xiaodong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFrost events are a climatic phenomenon of great severity, exerting profound impacts on agricultural production and human endeavours. From 1961 to 2017, China experienced a reduction in frost days (FDs) and elongation of frost‐free periods (FFPs) across most regions. Many factors contribute to the variation of frost events, highlighting the urgent need to scrutinize the intrinsic factors driving these climatic frost events' inter‐annual and interdecadal fluctuations. This work analysed the temporal and spatial attributes of FDs and FFPs, using statistical methods to dissect daily minimum temperature data collected from ground observation stations from 1961 to 2017. The results reveal a declining trajectory in annual FDs and an ascending trend in FFPs. However, the interannual and interdecadal variations do not consistently align with the climatological course. The spatial distribution of the first four modes of EOF exhibits a persistent variation, north–south, monopole and east–west pattern for FDs and FFPs. In comparison, the modes of FFPs exhibit many complexities and diversities. Moreover, this study considers geographical location, altitude and proximity to the ocean, as well as atmospheric circulation factors, including circulation indices, ocean indices and other relevant indices, to elucidate their influence on frost events. In conjunction with the role of greenhouse gases in propelling global warming, we elucidate that the intensity of the Atlantic–European polar vortex, the area of the Indian Ocean warm pool, and the spatial positioning and extent of the subtropical high emerge as preeminent internal oscillations instigating interdecadal shifts in frost events. This study provides valuable scientific insights into the formation mechanisms and evolving patterns of frost events.
Covariations between scapular shape and bone density in B‐glenoids: A statistical shape and density modeling‐approach
Authors: Daneshvarhashjin Nazanin , Debeer Philippe , Innocenti Bernardo , Verhaegen Filip , Scheys Lennart 
Published: November 2023

AbstractB‐type glenoids are characterized by posterior humeral head migration and/or bony‐erosion‐induced glenoid retroversion. Patients with this type of osteoarthritic glenoids are known to be at increased risk of glenoid component loosening after anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty (aTSA). One of the main challenges in B glenoid surgical planning is to find a balance between correcting the bony shape and maintaining the quality of the bone support. This study aims to systematically quantify variabilities in terms of scapular morphology and bone mineral density in patients with B glenoids and to identify patterns of covariation between these two features. Using computed tomography scan images of 62 patients, three‐dimensional scapular surface models were constructed. Rigid and nonrigid surface registration of the scapular surfaces, followed by volumetric registration and material mapping, enabled us to develop statistical shape model (SSM) and statistical density model (SDM). Partial least square correlation (PLSC) was used to identify patterns of covariation. The developed SSM and SDM represented 85.9% and 56.6% of variabilities in terms of scapular morphology and bone density, respectively. PLSC identified four modes of covariation, explaining 66.0% of the correlation between these two variations. Covariation of posterior–inferior glenoid erosion with posterior sclerotic bone formation in association with reduction of bone density in the anterior and central part of the glenoid was detected as the primary mode of covariation. Identification of these asymmetrical distribution of bone density can inform us about possible reasons behind glenoid component loosening in B glenoids and surgical guidelines in terms of the compromise between bony shape correction and bone support quality.
Engineering the synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids by introducing desaturase improved the stress tolerance of yeast
Authors: Wang Dingkang , Hao Liying , Jiao Xue , Que Zhiluo , Huang Jun , Jin Yao , Zhou Rongqing , Wang Zhonghui , Wu Chongde 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDYeast is often used to build cell factories to produce various chemicals or nutrient substances, which means the yeast has to encounter stressful environments. Previous research reported that unsaturated fatty acids were closely related to yeast stress resistance. Engineering unsaturated fatty acids may be a viable strategy for enhancing the stress resistance of cells.RESULTSIn this study, two desaturase genes, OLE1 and FAD2 from Z. rouxii, were overexpressed in S. cerevisiae to determine how unsaturated fatty acids affect cellular stress tolerance of cells. After cloning and plasmid recombination, the recombinant S. cerevisiae cells were constructed. Analysis of membrane fatty acid contents revealed that the recombinant S. cerevisiae with overexpression of OLE1 and FAD2 genes contained higher levels of fatty acids C16:1 (2.77 times), C18:1 (1.51 times) and C18:2 (4.15 times) than the wild‐type S. cerevisiae pY15TEF1. In addition, recombinant S. cerevisiae cells were more resistant to multiple stresses, and exhibited improved membrane functionality, including membrane fluidity and integrity.CONCLUSIONThese findings demonstrated that strengthening the expression of desaturases was beneficial to stress tolerance. Overall, this study may provide a suitable means to build a cell factory of industrial yeast cells with high tolerance during biological manufacturing. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Recent advances in head and neck surgical oncology
Authors: Ritter Amit , Levyn Helena , Shah Jatin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn recent years, the field of head and neck oncology has witnessed a remarkable transformation with unprecedented advances that have revolutionized the management of complex tumors in this region. As an intricate subspecialty within oncology, head and neck surgical procedures demand detailed knowledge of the complex anatomy meticulous precision in surgical technique, and expertise to preserve vital functions while ensuring optimal oncological outcomes. With the relentless pursuit of improved patient outcomes, the integration of innovative technologies has significantly enhanced the surgical armamentarium. Robotics, endoscopic platforms, and image‐guided navigation have revolutionized the surgical approach, enabling precise tumor resection and sparing healthy tissues. Furthermore, the application of advanced imaging modalities and molecular biomarker profiling has opened new avenues for personalized treatment strategies. From targeted therapies and immunotherapies to adaptive radiation techniques, clinicians are now equipped with an array of tailored options, ushering in a new era of personalized care for patients with head and neck malignancies. This article delves into the unfolding narratives of clinical triumphs, exploring the transformative potential of emerging therapies and the collaborative efforts propelling head and neck surgical oncology toward a future of hope and healing.
Comorbidity burden in adult atopic dermatitis: A population‐based study
Authors: Thyssen Jacob P. , Henrohn Dan , Neary Maureen P. , Geale Kirk , Dun Alexander R. , Ortsäter Gustaf , Lindberg Ingrid , De Geer Anna , Neregård Petra , Cha Amy , Cappelleri Joseph C. , Romero William , von Kobyletzki Laura 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that has been shown to be associated with allergic comorbidities. However, studies examining comorbidities in patients with AD are incomplete, which may contribute to suboptimal care.ObjectivesThe objective was to compare the risk of developing different allergic and nonallergic comorbidities among adult patients with AD to that of a matched reference cohort in Sweden.MethodsThis was a nationwide population‐based cohort study using longitudinal data from primary and specialist care registers. AD patients were identified by confirmed diagnosis in primary or specialist care. A non‐AD reference cohort was randomly drawn from the general population and matched 1:1 with the AD patients on age, gender, and geographical region. The risk of developing the following conditions was evaluated: asthma, food hypersensitivity, allergic rhinitis, neurological disorders, psychiatric disorders, infections, immunological & inflammatory disorders, type 1 diabetes (T1D), type 2 diabetes (T2D), endocrine & metabolic disorders, skeletal disorders, ocular disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and malignancies.ResultsThis study included 107,774 AD patients [mild‐to‐moderate (n = 92,413) and severe (n = 15,361)] and an equally‐sized reference cohort. AD patients displayed a higher risk of developing comorbid conditions for all investigated categories, except for T1D, compared with the reference cohort. The highest risk compared with the reference cohort was observed for allergic comorbidities followed by immunological & inflammatory disorders (hazard ratio: 2.15) and infections (hazard ratio: 2.01). Patients with AD also had higher risk of developing multiple comorbidities (2 or more). The risk of comorbidity onset increased alongside AD severity and patients with active AD were associated with increased risk of comorbidity onset compared with patients in remission.ConclusionsAD patients are at an increased risk of developing many comorbidities that extend beyond allergic conditions. This study highlights the need for interdisciplinary follow‐up of comorbidities in the management of AD patients to reduce overall patient burden.