bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simplified urine-based method to detect rifampin underexposure in adults with tuberculosis: a prospective diagnostic accuracy study
Authors: Xie Yingda L. , Modi Nisha , Handler Deborah , Yu Sijia , Rao Prakruti , Kagan Leonid , Petros de Guex Kristen , Reiss Robert , Siemiątkowska Anna , Narang Anshika , Narayanan Navaneeth , Hearn Jasie , Khalil Amanda , Woods Patricia , Young Laura , Lardizabal Alfred , Subbian Selvakumar , Peloquin Charles A. , Vinnard Christopher , Thomas Tania A. , Heysell Scott K. 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Variable pharmacokinetics of rifampin in tuberculosis (TB) treatment can lead to poor outcomes. Urine spectrophotometry is simpler and more accessible than recommended serum-based drug monitoring, but its optimal efficacy in predicting serum rifampin underexposure in adults with TB remains uncertain. Adult TB patients in New Jersey and Virginia receiving rifampin-containing regimens were enrolled. Serum and urine samples were collected over 24 h. Rifampin serum concentrations were measured using validated liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, and total exposure (area under the concentration–time curve) over 24 h (AUC
0–24
) was determined through noncompartmental analysis. The Sunahara method was used to extract total rifamycins, and rifampin urine excretion was measured by spectrophotometry. An analysis of 58 eligible participants, including 15 (26%) with type 2 diabetes mellitus, demonstrated that urine spectrophotometry accurately identified subtarget rifampin AUC
0–24
at 0–4, 0–8, and 0–24 h. The area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC ROC) values were 0.80 (95% CI 0.67–0.90), 0.84 (95% CI 0.72–0.94), and 0.83 (95% CI 0.72–0.93), respectively. These values were comparable to the AUC ROC of 2 h serum concentrations commonly used for therapeutic monitoring (0.82 [95% CI 0.71–0.92],
P
= 0.6). Diabetes status did not significantly affect the AUC ROCs for urine in predicting subtarget rifampin serum exposure (
P
= 0.67–0.92). Spectrophotometric measurement of urine rifampin excretion within the first 4 or 8 h after dosing is a simple and cost-effective test that accurately predicts rifampin underexposure. This test provides critical information for optimizing tuberculosis treatment outcomes by facilitating appropriate dose adjustments.
Changing colors and understanding: the use of mutant chromogenic protein and informational suppressor strains of
Escherichia coli
to explore the central dogma of molecular biology
Authors: DeWolf Sarah , Van den Bogaard Maartje , Hart Rachael Brady , Hartman Sparrow , Boury Nancy , Phillips Gregory J. 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

The central dogma of molecular biology is a key concept for undergraduate students in the life sciences as it describes the flow of information in living systems from gene-to-gene product. However, despite often being covered in many introductory life science courses, students may still have misconceptions surrounding the central dogma even as they move on to advanced courses. Active learning strategies such as laboratory activities can be useful in addressing such misconceptions. In the laboratory exercise presented here, senior undergraduate students explore the intricacies of nonsense suppressor mutations to challenge their understanding of the central dogma. The students introduce a plasmid carrying a nonfunctional chromogenic protein gene due to a nonsense mutation in a codon encoding the chromophore to various nonsense suppressor strains of
Escherichia coli
. Students then observe distinct chromogenic phenotypes, depending on the suppressor strain. Students showed a moderate increase in understanding of the central dogma. While the central dogma remains a challenging concept, active learning strategies like the one presented here can help reduce conceptual errors.
Influence of CUREs on STEM retention depends on demographic identities
Authors: Bradshaw Lisa , Vernon Julianne , Schmidt Thomas , James Timothy , Zhang Jianzhi , Archbold Hilary , Cadigan Kenneth , Wolfe John P. , Goldberg Deborah 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
Research has shown that undergraduate research experiences can have substantive effects on retaining students in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM). However, it is impossible to provide individual research experiences for every undergraduate student, especially at large universities. Course-based undergraduate research experiences (CUREs) have become a common approach to introduce large numbers of students to research. We investigated whether a one-semester CURE that replaced a traditional introductory biology laboratory course could increase retention in STEM as well as intention to remain in STEM, if the results differed according to demography, and investigated the possible motivational factors that might mediate such an effect. Under the umbrella of the Authentic Research Connection (ARC) program, we used institutional and survey data from nine semesters and compared ARC participants to non-participants, who applied to ARC but either were not randomly selected or were selected but chose not to enroll in an ARC section. We found that ARC had significant effects on demographic groups historically less likely to be retained in STEM: ARC participation resulted in narrowing the gaps in graduation rates in STEM (first vs continuing-generation college students) and in intention to major in STEM [females vs males, Persons Excluded because of Ethnicity or Race (PEERs) vs non-PEERs]. These disproportionate boosts in intending STEM majors among ARC students coincide with their reporting a greater sense of student cohesiveness, retaining more interest in biology, and commenting more frequently that the course provided a useful/valuable learning experience. Our results indicate that CUREs can be a valuable tool for eliminating inequities in STEM participation, and we make several recommendations for further research.
Characterizing the microbiome of patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms during a Mediterranean diet intervention
Authors: Avelar-Barragan Julio , Mendez Luque Laura F. , Nguyen Jenny , Nguyen Hellen , Odegaard Andrew O. , Fleischman Angela G. , Whiteson Katrine L. 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are a class of rare hematological malignancies that result in the overproduction of myeloid lineage cells. These malignancies result in increased cytokine production and inflammation, which correlate with worsened symptom burden and prognosis. Other than bone marrow transplantation, there is no cure for myeloproliferative neoplasms. As such, treatments focus on reducing thrombotic risk, inflammation, and symptom burden. Because current pharmacological treatments carry significant side effects, there is a need to explore low-risk therapies that may modulate inflammation and alleviate symptom burden. One potential way to achieve this is adherence to a Mediterranean (MED) diet, which is rich in anti-inflammatory foods, reduces inflammatory biomarkers, and beneficially alters the gut microbiome. We performed a 15-week clinical trial of 28 individuals with MPN who were randomized to dietary counseling based on either a Mediterranean diet or standard U.S. Guidelines for Americans. Our primary objective was to determine whether MPN patients could adopt a Mediterranean eating pattern when supported with dietician counseling. As exploratory endpoints, we investigated the impact of diet and inflammation on the gut microbiome. Using shotgun metagenomic sequencing, we found that microbiome diversity and composition were stable throughout the study duration in both cohorts. Furthermore, we discovered significant differences in the microbiomes between MPN subtypes, such as increased beta-dispersion in subjects with myelofibrosis. Lastly, we found several significant correlations between the abundance of multiple bacterial taxa and cytokine levels. Together, this study provides insight into the interaction between diet, inflammation, and the gut microbiome.

IMPORTANCE
The gut microbiome serves as an interface between the host and the diet. Diet and the gut microbiome both play important roles in managing inflammation, which is a key aspect of myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN). Studies have shown that a Mediterranean (MED) diet can reduce inflammation. Therefore, we longitudinally characterized the gut microbiomes of MPN patients in response to Mediterranean or standard 2020 US Guidelines for Americans dietary counseling to determine whether there were microbiome-associated changes in inflammation. We did not find significant changes in the gut microbiome associated with diet, but we did find several associations with inflammation. This research paves the way for future studies by identifying potential mechanistic targets implicated in inflammation within the MPN gut microbiome.
Supplemental Material: Differentiation and convection in a magma chamber: Novel insights on the origin of mafic microgranular enclaves in the Tongkeng pluton, Xiaojiang area, SE China
Authors: Zhang Ruo-Xi , Yang Shui-Yuan , et al.  
Published: October 2023

<p>Text S1: Analytical methods. Table S1: Zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating results of the Tongkeng pluton. Table S2: Zircon SHRIMP U-Pb dating results of the MMEs in quartz diorite of the Tongkeng pluton. Table S3: Major element contents (wt%) and trace element (ppm) compositions of the Tongkeng pluton. Table S4: Whole-rock Sr-Nd isotope compositions of the Tongkeng pluton. Table S5: Whole-rock Pb isotope compositions of the Tongkeng pluton. Table S6: Zircon in situ Hf isotope compositions of the Tongkeng pluton. Table S7: Values of partition coefficients (Kd) used in fractional crystallization modeling. </p>
Prevalence of Acute Malnutrition and Associated Factors among Children aged 6–59 months in South Wollo Zone, East Amhara, Northeast Ethiopia: a Community-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Mihret Setegn Tarekegn , Biset Gebeyaw , Nurye Nurye Ali 
Published: October 2023

ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of acute malnutrition and associated factors in South Wollo zone, East Amhara, Northeast Ethiopia.DesignA community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 504 children aged 6–59 months who were selected by using a multistage sampling technique. The mid-upper-arm-circumference and Z-scores for weight-for-height were used to determine the nutritional status of the participants. A semi-structured interview questionnaire was used to collect the data. Then data was entered into EpiData V.3.1 and exported to SPSS software V.25 for analysis. Binary logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with acute malnutrition and variables with p value<0.05 were declared as statistically significant.SettingThe study was conducted in South Wollo zone, Northeast Ethiopia from 1 August 2020 to 30 September 2020.ParticipantsChildren aged 6–59 months with their mothers were the study subjects.ResultsThe prevalence of acute malnutrition among children aged 6–59 months was 31.0%. Child aged 6–11 months (adjusted OR (AOR)=3.92; 95% CI: 1.74 to 8.82), illiterate mothers (AOR=3.01; 95% CI: 1.92 to 7.01), single mother (AOR=3.06; 95% CI: 1.32 to 7.07), lack of latrine (AOR=2.39; 95% CI: 1.12 to 5.11), diarrhoea (AOR=4.18; 95% CI: 2.02 to 8.65), respiratory tract infection (AOR=2.31; 95% CI: 1.08 to 4.94), family size (≥5) (AOR=3.29; 95% CI: 1.53 to 7.09) and cessation of breast feeding before 2 years (AOR=3.79; 95% CI: 1.71 to 8.23) were the independent predictors of acute malnutrition.ConclusionAcute malnutrition is highly prevalent in the study area which is more than the national figure. Thus, improving maternal education, access to the latrine, improved breastfeeding practice, improved family planning usage and early detection and treatment of diarrhoea and respiratory tract infections will enhance children’s nutritional status. In addition, nutritional diversity education needs to be strengthened.
Caring behaviour and its associated factors among nurses working at public hospitals in Gamo zone, southern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Ashagere Mathewos , Yeheyis Tomas , Addisu Dereje , Abera Workineh , Amlaku Tsegahun , Tadesse Fikru , Beyene Bereket , Samuel Tinbete , Daba Alemneh Kabeta 
Published: October 2023

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to assess nurses caring behaviours and its associated factors among nurses working at public hospitals in the Gamo zone of southern Ethiopia in 2022.DesignInstitutional based cross-sectional study was used.SettingThis study was conducted in five public hospitals in Gamo zone, southern Ethiopia.ParticipantsA total of 360 nurses of different level of qualification were included in this study using a proportional allocation method from the five hospitals and final study participants were recruited from all wards using a simple random sampling method from 20 June to 20 July 2022.Outcome measurementsCaring behaviour was assessed using 24 standardised Caring Behaviour Inventory (CBI) scales. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and, analysed using the logistic regression method, and those variables with a p value of <0.05 in multivariable analysis were considered statistically significant.ResultThe overall percentage of nurse caring behaviour in this study was 53.3%. Most of the respondents practiced technical aspects of caring behaviour rather than psychosocial aspects of caring. Being married (adjusted OR (AOR)=0.027 (0.003–0.263), having work experience of (0–5 years) (AOR=5.547 (1.42–21.64)), (6–10 years) (AOR=8.693 (2.317–32.6), being satisfied with motivation and prospect (AOR=0.473 (0.290–0.770)) and being satisfied with the nursing profession (AOR=1.716 (1.065–2.765) were significantly associated with nurses caring behaviour.ConclusionThe proportion of nurses with a good caring behaviour found in this study was relatively poor. Being married, having lower work experience, being satisfied with motivation and prospects, and nursing profession were associated with nurses caring behaviour. This study recommends the need to focus on including caring behaviour courses in the nursing curriculum and training nurses focusing on those with a few experiences on the meaning and importance of caring behaviour.
Supporting patients by family education in psychotic illness: a longitudinal pre–post study protocol
Authors: Zentner Kristen Emily , Shettell Katherine , Abba-Aji Adam , Robles Melanie 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionA lack of education, resources and support for family carers of young adults with psychotic illnesses leaves them ill-equipped to support their loved one. By equipping families with skills and knowledge, public healthcare harnesses a powerful ally to support community stabilisation.AimsThe primary goal is to study the effect of a psychoeducation intervention for family carers supporting young adults with psychosis on family burden and stabilisation of service users.Methods and analysisA longitudinal quantitative study with a pre–post design will be used to assess the long-term effectiveness of the psychoeducation intervention for family carers supporting a young adult with psychosis. 111 family carers will be recruited for the intervention and measures will be taken from family carer participants and their matched young adult service users. Nine evidence and family peer-informed and expert-reviewed psychoeducation modules are administered in 2-hour sessions over 9 weeks to family carers. Functional index measures are administered preintervention, and at 6-month, 12-month and 24-month follow-up. Service utilisation will be measured during a 12-month period preintervention, a 12-month period postintervention and during a 12–24-month period post-intervention.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been reviewed and approved by the University of Alberta Research Ethics Board (Pro00110691). This novel methodological approach to studying family psychoeducation interventions addresses unique methodological challenges and limitations and will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and academic and medical conferences.Trial registration numberNCT05500001; National Institutes of Health U.S. National Library of Medicine ClinicalTrials.gov
Determinants of early antenatal care booking among pregnant mothers attending antenatal care at public health facilities in the Nole Kaba district, western Ethiopia: unmatched case–control study
Authors: Gelassa Firaol Regea , Tafasa Segni Mulugeta , Kumera Diriba 
Published: October 2023

BackgroundEarly initiation of antenatal care (ANC) is vital for the early detection and treatment of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Despite the widespread convenience of free ANC services, most women in Ethiopia attend their initial antenatal clinic late and fail to come back for follow-up care, which results in both maternal and fetal complications. Despite the fact that assessing the determinants of early ANC booking based on the local context is advised, it is not well studied in the study area.ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess determinants of early ANC booking among pregnant women attending ANC at public health facilities in the Nole Kaba district, western Ethiopia.MethodsFacility-based unmatched case–control study design was conducted from April to June 2020. Systematic random sampling was used to select a total of 297 participants. A validated, pretested and structured instrument was used to interview the participants. The data were cleaned and coded before being entered into Epi-Info V.7.2.2.6 and exported to SPSS V.25 for analysis. The logistic regression analyses were done to assess the determinants of early ANC booking. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% CI was estimated to measure the strength of the association. The level of statistical significance was set at a p value <0.05.ResultA total of 297 pregnant women participated in the study (99 cases and 198 controls), with a 100% response rate. Place of residence (AOR=2.21, 95% CI 1.11, 2.72), level of education (AOR=3.42, 95% CI 1.01, 6.04), planned pregnancy (AOR=8.01, 95% CI 2.79, 23.03), history of abortion (AOR=5.96, 95% CI 2.07, 17.13), places of previous delivery (AOR=4.57, 95% CI 1.09, 19.12), presence of accompanied by husband during ANC visit (AOR=2.48, 95% CI 2.77, 7.98) and media exposure (AOR=6.95, 95 CI 2.68, 18.02) were found statistically significant.Conclusion and recommendationsPlaces of residence, educational level, pregnancy, having a history of abortion, accompanied by the husband during ANC visit, place of previous delivery and media exposure were significantly associated with early initiation of ANC. Therefore, health extension programmes on early ANC initiation should be strengthened by giving priority to less educated women and living in rural areas.
Text messaging intervention to support patients with chronic pain during prescription opioid tapering: protocol for a double-blind randomised controlled trial
Authors: Gholamrezaei Ali , Magee Michael Reece , McNeilage Amy Gray , Dwyer Leah , Jafari Hassan , Sim Alison Michelle , Ferreira Manuela L. , Darnall Beth D. , Glare Paul , Ashton-James Claire Elizabeth 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionIncreases in pain and interference with quality of life is a common concern among people with chronic non-cancer pain (CNCP) who are tapering opioid medications. Research indicates that access to social and psychological support for pain self-management may help people to reduce their opioid dose without increasing pain and interference. This study evaluates the efficacy of a text messaging intervention designed to provide people with CNCP with social and psychological support for pain self-management while tapering long-term opioid therapy (LTOT) under the guidance of their prescriber.Methods and analysisA double-blind randomised controlled trial will be conducted. Patients with CNCP (n=74) who are tapering LTOT will be enrolled from across Australia. Participants will continue with their usual care while tapering LTOT under the supervision of their prescribing physician. They will randomly receive either a psychoeducational video and supportive text messaging (two Short Message Service (SMS) per day) for 12 weeks or the video only. The primary outcome is the pain intensity and interference assessed by the Pain, Enjoyment of Life and General Activity scale. Secondary outcomes include mood, self-efficacy, pain cognitions, opioid dose reduction, withdrawal symptoms, and acceptability, feasibility, and safety of the intervention. Participants will complete questionnaires at baseline and then every 4 weeks for 12 weeks and will be interviewed at week 12. This trial will provide evidence for the efficacy of a text messaging intervention to support patients with CNCP who are tapering LTOT. If proven to be efficacious and safe, this low-cost intervention can be implemented at scale.Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Northern Sydney Local Health District (Australia). Study results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at scientific and professional meetings.Trial registration numberACTRN12622001423707.
How, and under what contexts, do academic–practice partnerships collaborate to implement healthcare improvement education into preregistration nursing curriculums: a realist review protocol
Authors: Armstrong Lorraine , Moir Chris , Taylor Peta 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionInternationally, healthcare improvement remains a clinical and educational priority. Consensus in Europe, Canada and the USA to implement quality improvement (QI) education into preregistration nursing curricula ensures students become equipped with the skills and knowledge required to improve practice. Now, New Zealand and Australia are beginning to implement QI education into their nursing curricula. However, QI education is complex; comprising multiple components, each influenced by the contexts under which they are developed and implemented. Evaluation studies of QI education unanimously acknowledge that academic and practice partnerships (APPs) are essential to optimally embed QI into preregistration curricula, yet it is not understood how, and under what contexts, APPs collaborate to achieve this.Methods and analysisA realist review to determine how, and under what contexts, APPs collaborate to implement QI education in pre-registration nursing will be conducted using the Realist and Meta-narrative Evidence Syntheses: Evolving Standards Guidelines. International stakeholders will be consulted at each stage which includes (1) clarifying the scope of the review through empirical literature and tacit expert knowledge, (2) searching for evidence in healthcare and social science databases/grey literature, (3) appraising studies using the Evidence for Policy and Practice Information and Co-ordinating Centre weight of evidence framework and extracting data using Standards for QUality Improvement Reporting Excellence in Education Publication Guidelines, (4) synthesising evidence and drawing conclusions through the creation of context, mechanism and outcome configurations and (5) disseminating findings through conferences and peer-reviewed publications.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was not required for this study. Findings will be disseminated to international nurse educators, leaders and front-line staff implementing QI education within their own academic and practice contexts through conferences and peer-reviewed publications.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021282424.