bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Salivary microbiomes vary among orthodontic appliances and associate with clinical periodontal parameters
Authors: Wang Mengqiao , Chen Jitian , Wang Ziyao , Wang Yihua , Zhang Yue , Feng Qiang , Wei Fulan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the salivary bacterial communities during the first 6‐month orthodontic treatment with Clear Aligners (CA) and Fixed Appliances (FA), and its correlation with clinical periodontal parameters.Materials and MethodsSaliva and periodontal parameters were sampled from individuals wearing CA or FA before treatment (T0), and after 3‐ (T3) and 6‐month (T6) treatments. Salivary bacterial communities characterized based on the 16S rRNA V3‐V4 region were compared between FA and CA and correlated with clinical periodontal parameters.ResultsProbing Depth (PD) significantly increased at T6 in the FA group versus T0, whereas it remained stable in the CA group. The Shannon and Pielou indices were significantly higher in the FA group and significantly positively correlated with periodontal inflammation parameters. β‐diversity analysis revealed distinct communities between the FA group and CA group at T6. The relative abundances of 3 genera and 15 species were significantly higher in the FA group. Among the above appliance‐type related taxa, bacterial genera Selenomonas, Stomatobaculum, Olsenella and Faecalicoccus and bacterial species Selenomonas_sputigena, Dialister_invisus, Olsenella_profus, Prevotella_buccae, Cryptobacterium_curtum and Clostridium_spiroforme were significantly positively associated with periodontal parameters.ConclusionsOrthodontic treatments trigger appliance‐related salivary bacterial communities, highlighting the importance of developing appliance–orientated periodontal strategies during orthodontic treatments. Salivary bacterial communities harboured by patients wearing FA possess higher bacterial parameters which were associated with increasing PD, PI and Gingival Index.
Architectural and cytological features of epithelial dysplasia associated with transformation risk
Authors: Cai Xinjia , Zhang Jianyun , Zhang Heyu , Zhou Xuan , Zhou Zheng , Jing Fengyang , Luo Haiyan , Li Tiejun 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectivesThis study explored associations between histological features of dysplasia and malignant transformation, as well as genomic copy number alterations.Materials and MethodsOverall, 201 samples were collected from patients of oral leukoplakia. The associations of dysplastic features with malignant transformation and copy number alterations were investigated by Cox proportional hazards regression analysis and the Mann–Whitney U‐test.ResultsEight individual histological features, such as irregular epithelial stratification (p = 0.001), mitoses high in epithelium (p = 0.033), extension of changes along minor gland ducts (p < 0.001), etc., were associated with greater risk of malignant transformation. A model including histological features and age showed good performance for predicting malignant transformation (area under receiver operating characteristic curve: 0.806). Irregular epithelial stratification (p = 0.007), abnormal nuclear shape (p = 0.005), abnormal cell size (p = 0.004), etc. were associated with greater genomic instability.ConclusionsA Cox proportional hazards model using eight histological features and patient age reliably predicted the malignant potential of oral epithelial dysplasia. Identification of these histological features closely related to malignant transformation may aid the management of oral potentially malignant disorders and early detection of oral squamous cell carcinoma.
Right lower lung midline herniation as a rare complication in an infant with heart–lung transplantation: A case report
Authors: Kim Dohyung , Choi Kwang Ho , Kim Hyungtae , Lee Jae Hong , Kim Younga , Byun Joung‐Hee 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundLung herniation is a rare complication of heart–lung transplantation that can be fatal owing to vascular compromise and airway obstruction. To date, only five cases of lung herniation related to heart–lung transplantation have been reported in the literature; however, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first worldwide report of heart–lung transplantation‐related lung herniation in an infant.MethodsWe describe the case of lung herniation as a rare heart–lung transplantation‐related complication in an infant. A 12‐month‐old female baby developed severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia with severe pulmonary hypertension, and she underwent extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for cardiac collapse and lung support. Then, we performed heart–lung transplantation to manage the irreversible deterioration of her lung function. After the heart‐lung transplantation, we found the radiological abnormalities persisted on follow‐up chest radiographs until the 13th postoperative day diagnosed as lung herniation of the right lower lobe on chest computed tomography.ResultsAfter the relocation of the herniated lung, the clinical condition of the patient improved, and the patient is currently growing without any respiratory symptoms.ConclusionsIn this case report, we emphasize that clinical awareness and high suspicion of this rare complication are needed for early diagnosis and proper treatment to prevent post‐transplantation morbidity and mortality related to potential ischemic injury.
Fundament for a methodological standard to process hip accelerometer data to a measure of physical activity intensity in middle‐aged individuals
Authors: Arvidsson Daniel , Fridolfsson J. , Ekblom‐Bak E. , Ekblom Ö. , Bergström G. , Börjesson M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundThere is a lack of a methodological standard to process accelerometer data to measures of physical activity, which impairs data quality and comparability. This study investigated the effect of different combinations of settings of multiple processing components, on the measure of physical activity and the association with measures of cardiometabolic health in an unselected population of middle‐aged individuals.MethodsFree‐living hip accelerometer data, aerobic fitness, body mass index, HDL:total cholesterol ratio, blood glucose, and systolic blood pressure were achieved from 4391 participants 50–64 years old included in The Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS) baseline measurement (cross‐sectional). Lab data were also included for calibration of accelerometers to provide comparable measure of physical activity intensity and time spent in different intensity categories, as well as to enhance understanding. The accelerometer data processing components were hardware recalibration, frequency filtering, number of accelerometer axes, epoch length, wear time criterium, time composition (min/24 h vs. % of wear time). Partial least regression and ordinary least regression were used for the association analyses.ResultsThe setting of frequency filter had the strongest effect on the physical activity intensity measure and time distribution in different intensity categories followed by epoch length and number of accelerometer axes. Wear time criterium and recalibration of accelerometer data were less important. The setting of frequency filter and epoch length also showed consistent important effect on the associations with the different measures of cardiometabolic health, while the effect of recalibration, number of accelerometer axes, wear time criterium and expression of time composition was less consistent and less important. There was a large range in explained variance of the measures of cardiometabolic health depending on the combination of processing settings, for example, 12.1%–20.8% for aerobic fitness and 5.8%–14.0% for body mass index.ConclusionsThere was a large variation in the physical activity intensity measure and the association with different measures of cardiometabolic health depending on the combination of settings of accelerometer data processing components. The results provide a fundament for a standard to process hip accelerometer data to assess the physical activity in middle‐aged populations.
Pacification through decentralization: An explanatory analysis of ethno‐territorial cabinet conflict in Belgium (1979–2006)
Authors: Vandenberghe Maxime 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe impact of decentralization on ethno‐territorial conflict is widely debated, but empirical analyses of ethno‐territorial party politics are scarce. This paper uses novel data on conflicts in power‐sharing cabinets to explore the relation between decentralization and ethno‐territorial conflicts in the case of Belgium (1979–2006). These data are analysed with the help of poisson and logistic regressions, which confirm the negative association between decentralization and conflict. In addition to institutions, the analyses also examine the relevance of issue saliency, regionalist parties' strength, regionalist cabinet participation, and the proximity of elections. The results contradict the paradox of federalism and add to contemporary debates on ethno‐territorial politics, conflict management, and power‐sharing.
Plastid terminal oxidase is required for chloroplast biogenesis in barley
Authors: Overlander‐Chen Megan , Carlson Craig H. , Fiedler Jason D. , Yang Shengming 
Published: November 2023

SUMMARYChloroplast biogenesis is critical for crop biomass and economic yield. However, chloroplast development is a very complicated process coordinated by cross‐communication between the nucleus and plastids, and the underlying mechanisms have not been fully revealed. To explore the regulatory machinery for chloroplast biogenesis, we conducted map‐based cloning of the Grandpa 1 (Gpa1) gene regulating chloroplast development in barley. The spontaneous mutation gpa1.a caused a variegation phenotype of the leaf, dwarfed growth, reduced grain yield, and increased tiller number. Genetic mapping anchored the Gpa1 gene onto 2H within a gene cluster functionally related to photosynthesis or chloroplast differentiation. One gene (HORVU.MOREX.r3.2HG0213170) in the delimited region encodes a putative plastid terminal oxidase (PTOX) in thylakoid membranes, which is homologous to IMMUTANS (IM) of Arabidopsis. The IM gene is required for chloroplast biogenesis and maintenance of functional thylakoids in Arabidopsis. Using CRISPR technology and gene transformation, we functionally validated that the PTOX‐encoding gene, HORVU.MOREX.r3.2HG0213170, is the causal gene of Gpa1. Gene expression and chemical analysis revealed that the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway is suppressed by the gpa1 mutation, rendering mutants vulnerable to photobleaching. Our results showed that the overtillering associated with the gpa1 mutation was caused by the lower accumulation of carotenoid‐derived strigolactones (SLs) in the mutant. The cloning of Gpa1 not only improves our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying chloroplast biosynthesis but also indicates that the PTOX activity is conserved between monocots and dicots for the establishment of the photosynthesis factory.
Industrial Textile Wastewater Treatment by Crossflow NF Membrane Filtration
Authors: Chong K. C. , Lai S. O. , Chong W. C. , Pang Y. L. , Mah S. K. , Teong J. H. 
Published: November 2023

Ineffective dyeing procedures frequently lead to the release of approximately 10–50% of the dye applied, which does not adhere to the fabric and is consequently discharged into the environment along with the effluent. This situation is undesirable both for potential recycling within the textile manufacturing process and because of its adverse environmental pollution effects. This study thoroughly examines nanofiltration (NF) membrane characteristics and their performance in textile wastewater treatment. Pristine NF membrane surfaces were revealing a web-like structure with well-defined pores predominantly in the membrane active region. This assessment confirms the membrane initial cleanliness, free from any external contaminants, which is vital for effective membrane-based filtration. Additionally, the study investigates how different feed flow rates affect water flux during NF membrane filtration. The results demonstrate a clear relationship, where the increasing flow rates boost water flux. This can be attributed to heightened cross-flow velocity and shear force on the membrane surface due to the increased water flux, minimizing external concentration polarization and reducing membrane fouling. The impact of feed flow rate on membrane separation efficiency is also examined, showing consistent efficiency at feed flow rates between 2 LPM and 5 LPM (approximately 80.8% to 82.22%). However, efficiency drops as the feed flow rate increases from 5 LPM to 6 LPM, likely due to increased pressure drop across the membrane, affecting separation efficiency.
A Flexible Framework for Robotic Post-Processing of 3D Printed Components
Authors: Bajrami Albin , Palpacelli Matteo Claudio 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing has revolutionized the production of mechanical components by enabling the creation of objects of complex geometry, but at the same time it has introduced new issues related to post-processing operations. Similarly, robotics has seen an evolution with the emergence of collaborative robots, which can support the operator in human-centric applications. This work aims to bring these two technologies together by presenting a flexible framework for processing raw products obtained through 3D printing technology with the support of collaborative robotics. This framework lays the foundation for the subsequent development of a human-robot cooperation protocol with the aim of simplifying post-processing and particularly finishing operations of metal-printed 3D objects. In this paper, an initial integrated solution is proposed that can address the post-processing needs of objects from 3D printing, providing guidance on the software and hardware tools to be used and the process to be followed to achieve a quality product in compliance with the relevant standards. Verifications in a simulation environment and through algorithms based on the kinematics and statics of a Fanuc collaborative robot implemented in a numerical environment allow verification of the feasibility of several operations. The result is a comprehensive framework that starts from the feasibility study and reaches the completion of the 3D printed component through finishing and post-processing operations.
Investigating Children’s Experiences for Smart Wearables: Implications on Design for Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Bonello Matthew , Farrugia Philip , Buhagiar Nathalie 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) is becoming more widely used to develop consumer products, from functional devices to static artefacts. Nowadays due to the competitive market consumer products go beyond satisfying the users’ needs, by generating meaningful and relevant experiences. This is the scope of User eXperience (UX) design, to create more user-friendly, easy-to-use, useful and enjoyable products. Previous literature has emphasised the importance of considering UX design during the development of smart wearables to decrease their rejection rate and achieve more user-adherent wearables. When producing these types of devices, the impact of AM on the user-product interaction is however overlooked. Within this context, this paper presents a study conducted with children to identify what characteristics of AM influence their experience when interacting with smart wearables. The feedback from these users can help depict a clearer understanding of what aspects of both opportunistic and restrictive Design for Additive Manufacturing (DfAM) elements can help achieve a positive UX, which can ultimately increase the acceptance rate and lifespan of the smart wearables. The outcomes obtained are discussed in light of their impact on sub-elements of UX. Additionally, future work is proposed to develop an ontology to aid design engineers during the development of smart wearables for children, adding to the existing body of knowledge of DfAM.
MEMS Cantilever Biosensors Driven by Fringe Effect: Voltage-Amplitude Response of Parametric Resonance
Authors: Martinez Miguel A. , Caruntu Dumitru I. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This paper deals with voltage-amplitude response of fringing field/effect actuated micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) cantilever beam resonator biosensors at parametric resonance. The system consists of a flexible electrode (cantilever beam) and a fixed electrode (ground plate) in parallel, connected through an AC voltage source. The electrostatic force induced is due to the parallel-plate capacitance, which is directly related to the overlapping area of the two electrodes (Palmer’s Formula). In addition, fringing field electrostatic actuation must be accounted for. This is due to the bending of electric field lines from the ground plate to the top and side walls of the cantilever beam. In this study, the cantilever beam is actuated by the fringing field only. This is modelled by the following approach: the electrostatic force due to the parallel-plate capacitance is neglected due to a hole in the ground plate (removes overlapping area). With the frequency of the AC voltage near the natural frequency of the MEMS cantilever, the resonator will go into parametric resonance. The partial differential equation describing the dynamic behavior of the micro-beam resonator is nondimensionalized and a Reduced Order Model (ROM) is formulated. This is a one-mode of vibration model that is solved analytically using the Method of Multiple Scales (MMS). The voltage-amplitude response (bifurcation diagram) is projected. The force due to fringing actuation is expanded in Taylor Series and the terms up to the 3rd and 5th powers are kept (small terms due to small bookkeeping parameter). The method identified a zero-amplitude solution as well as two branches, one stable and one unstable, with two bifurcation points, subcritical and supercritical. In addition, a two-term reduced order model is developed and solved numerically to obtain steady-state solutions and validate the results. Finally, the equations from the two-term reduced order model are used in AUTO-07p (a continuation and bifurcation software for ODEs) to get a voltage response from the two-term ROM. The response is then compared to those that include the electrostatic force only as well as electrostatic and fringe together. The effect of damping, fringe, and detuning frequency on the voltage-amplitude response are also investigated.
Triple Process Theory and EEG Frequency Band Power: Metacognitive Brain Activity in Open Design
Authors: Vieira Sonia Liliana Da Silva , Kannengiesser Udo , Gero John S. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this study, we investigated EEG frequency band power associated with spontaneous, deliberate, and metacognitive process differences based on a Triple Process Theory. Results reveal a significant main effect of process type for alpha 1, alpha 2, and beta 1 frequencies from EEG measurements. Metacognitive processes show higher power for these frequency bands across all the channels. These preliminary results lead us to postulate that metacognitive processes may play an important role in mediating cognitive effort by sustaining the balance between the oscillatory brain activity of spontaneous and deliberate processes while designing.
Similarities and Differences in Human Vs. Computational Representations of Non-Semantic Inspirational Design Stimuli
Authors: Kwon Elisa , Goucher-Lambert Kosa 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As inspirational stimuli can assist designers with achieving enhanced design outcomes, supporting the retrieval of impactful sources of inspiration is important. Existing methods facilitating this retrieval have relied mostly on semantic relationships, e.g., analogical distances. Increasingly, data-driven methods can be leveraged to represent diverse stimuli in terms of multi-modal information, enabling designers to access stimuli in terms of less explored, non-text-based relationships. Toward improved retrieval of multi-modal representations of inspirational stimuli, this work compares human-evaluated and computationally derived similarities between stimuli in terms of non-text-based visual and functional features. A human subjects study (n = 36) was conducted where similarity assessments between triplets of 3D-model parts were collected and used to construct psychological embedding spaces. Distances between unique part embeddings were used to represent similarities in terms of visual and functional features. Obtained distances were compared with computed distances between embeddings of the same stimuli generated using artificial intelligence (AI)-based deep-learning approaches. When used to assess similarity in appearance and function, these representations were found to be largely consistent, with highest agreement found when assessing pairs of stimuli with low similarity. Alignment between models was otherwise lower when identifying the same pairs of stimuli with higher levels of similarity. Importantly, qualitative data also revealed insights regarding how humans made similarity assessments, including more abstract information not captured using AI-based approaches. Toward providing inspiration to designers that considers design problems, ideas, and solutions in terms of non-text-based relationships, further exploration of how these relationships are represented and evaluated is encouraged.
A Reliability-Based Optimization Framework for Planning Operational Profiles for Unmanned Systems
Authors: Hazra Indranil , Chatterjee Arko , Southgate Joseph , Weiner Matthew J. , Groth Katrina M. , Azarm Shapour 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Unmanned engineering systems that execute various operations are becoming increasingly complex relying on a large number of components and their interactions. The reliability, maintainability, and performance optimization of these systems are critical due to their intricate nature and inaccessibility during operations. This paper introduces a new reliability-based optimization framework for planning operational profiles for unmanned systems. The proposed method employs deep learning techniques for subsystem health monitoring, dynamic Bayesian networks for system reliability analysis, and Bayesian optimization schemes for optimizing system performance. The proposed framework systematically integrates these schemes to enable their application to a wide range of tasks, including offline reliability-based optimization of system operational profiles. This framework is the first in the literature that incorporates health monitoring of multi-component systems with causal relationships. Using this hybrid scheme on unmanned systems can improve their reliability, extend their lifespan, and enable them to execute more challenging missions. In order to demonstrate the proposed approach, the optimization strategy is implemented and executed using a simulation model for the engine cooling and control system of an unmanned surface vessel.