bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of mitotane treatment for adrenal tumor versus pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism in dogs
Authors: Feldman Edward C. , Nelson Richard W. , Feldman Marsha S. , Farver Thomas B. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
The purpose of this study was to determine the sensitivity of dogs with hyperadrenocorticism to treatment with the adrenocorticolytic agent mitotane. Specifically, we looked for differences in response to treatment using this drug in dogs with adrenocortical tumors (adrenal tumor hyperadrenocorticism, ath) vs those with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (pdh). For inclusion in this study, each dog must have had clinical signs, data base laboratory abnormalities, and endocrine screening test results consistent with the diagnosis of hyperadrenocorticism. Further, each dog had to have been treated for at least 6 months with mitotane and have histologic evidence for adrenocortical or pituitary neoplasia (all dogs were necropsied). Thirteen dogs with ath (8 carcinomas, 5 adenomas) were identified. The ages and body weights of these 13 dogs were computer-matched to 13 dogs with pdh. All dogs were initially treated with approximately 50 mg of mitotane/kg/d of body weight. Reexaminations were performed after 7, 30, 90, and 180 days of treatment.
Individual dosages varied widely after the initial 5 to 12 days of treatment. The mean (± sd) dose of mitotane (mg/kg/d) for the first 7 days of treatment was 47.5 ± 9.4 for dogs with ath vs 45.7 ± 11.9 for dogs with pdh. The mean plasma cortisol concentrations 1 hour after acth administration at the 7-day recheck were significantly higher in dogs with ath (502 ± 386 nmol/L) than in dogs with pdh (88 ± 94 nmol/L). At 30 days, the mean daily dose of mitotane and post-acth cortisol concentration were significantly greater in dogs with ath (28.8 ± 15.4 mg/kg/d; 392 ± 356 nmol/L, respectively) than in dogs with pdh (10.5 ± 7.5 mg/kg/d; 99 ± 72 nmol/L, respectively). After 90 days of treatment, these values were larger (25.3 ± 16.8 mg/kg/d; 340 ±193 nmol/L in dogs with ath vs those in dogs with pdh (5.4 ± 2.5 mg/kg/d, 110 ± 94 nmol/L) and again after 180 days (26.0 ± 22.1 mg/kg/d, 268 ± 152 nmol/L in dogs with ath vs 6.3 ± 3.4 mg/kg/d, 80 ± 116 nmol/L in dogs with pdh). Clinical signs were consistent with laboratory values, that is, cortisol control was not as good in dogs with ath as in the dogs with pdh. On the basis of these findings, we suggest that dogs with hyperadrenocorticism caused by ath are more resistant to mitotane than are dogs with pdh.
Gastric ulceration in horses: 91 cases (1987-1990)
Authors: Murray Michael J. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Gastroendoscopy was performed on 111 horses (1 to 22 years old) that had signs of abdominal discomfort of variable duration and severity. At least 1 episode of colic had been observed within 48 hours of examination in 31 horses. Recurrent episodes of colic were observed in 28 horses within 2 to 10 days of examination, 31 horses within 11 to 30 days, 12 horses within 31 to 60 days, and in 9 horses at more than 60 days after the initial examination. Gastric ulceration was found in 91 of 111 horses examined. Other abnormalities involving the gastrointestinal tract or other abdominal viscera were not found on examination in 57 of 91 horses with gastric ulcers. The most frequent concurrent abnormalities found in the remaining 34 horses with gastric ulcers were impaction of the large colon (n = 6), colonic tympany (n = 6), peritonitis (n = 6), gastric impaction (n = 4), ileocecal intussusception (n = 3), small-colon impaction (n = 4), and proximal enteritis (n = 2). Thirteen horses with gastric ulceration underwent abdominal surgery, and in 5 horses, lesions were not found at surgery.
Gastric ulceration was determined to be the primary cause of colic in 31 horses on the basis of the lack of other abnormalities, clinical response to treatment with histamine type-2 receptor (H2) antagonists, and confirmation of improvement or resolution of gastric ulceration via endoscopy. Gastric ulceration was the suspected cause of colic in 26 other horses on the basis of the lack of other abnormalities, severity of lesions, and clinical response to treatment with H2 antagonists. Gastric ulceration was secondaly to another gastrointestinal disorder in 17 horses, and was unrelated to colic in 17 horses.
Toxicosis in horses after ingestion of hoary alyssum
Authors: Geor Raymond J. , Becker Roger L. , Kanara Edward W. , Hovda Lynn R. , Sweeney William H. , Winter Thomas F. , Rorick Jerre K. , Ruth George R. , Hope Esther , Murphy Michael J. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Fever, limb edema, and laminitis were observed in horses 18 to 36 hours after they consumed hoary alyssum (Berteroa incana) under field and experimental conditions. Clinical signs were not observed in all horses that had ingested the plant. Diagnosis in the field cases was limited to observation of clinical signs and evidence of plant ingestion in hay or on pasture. In most cases, clinical remission was observed 2 to 4 days after empirical treatment, removal of the plant source, or both.
Surgical treatment of colic in American miniature horses: 15 cases (1980-1987)
Authors: Ragle Claude A. , Snyder Jack R. , Meagher Dennis M. , Honnas Clifford M. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
A study of 15 American miniature horses (amh) that underwent surgical treatment for colic was performed. Information obtained from the medical records included signalment, clinical signs, type and location of gastrointestinal lesion, and postoperative complications. All 15 amh had intraluminal obstructions, attributable to feed impactions (11 horses), enteroliths (2), and sand (2). The most common location of obstruction was the small colon, which was involved in 9 of the 15 cases. All 15 amh survived and were discharged from the hospital. Six of the 15 amh underwent subsequent surgical treatment for abdominal disorders. Elapsed time between the first and second operations ranged from 1 month to 5 years. Intestinal adhesions were observed in all amh that were surgically treated twice. Thus, despite the fact that most of the amh had a simple intraluminal obstruction, 40% (n = 6) developed adhesions that required or complicated a second surgery. Of the 15 amh, 87% (n = 13) survived at least 12 months after the initial exploratory celiotomy. These findings suggest that most surgical abdominal conditions in amh can be corrected; however, precautions should be taken to avoid or minimize adhesion formation.
Immunogenicity and efficacy study of a commercial Borrelia burgdorferi bacterin
Authors: Chu Hsien-Jue , Chavez Lloyd G. , Blumer Barbara M. , Sebring Randal W. , Wasmoen Terri L. , Acree William M. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
The immunogenicity and efficacy of a commercial Borrelia burgdorferi bacterin was evaluated for stimulation of the host immune response and protection against clinical disease associated with experimentally induced borreliosis in dogs. A total of 30 vaccinated and 24 control dogs were used in 3 separate studies. The vaccine was given im as two 1-ml doses separated by a 3-week interval. Two weeks or 5 months following the last vaccination, the dogs were challenge inoculated with 7 daily doses of a virulent preparation of a B burgdorferi field isolate through intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, and intradermal routes with or without glucocorticoid administration at the same time. The development of B burgdorferi spirochetemia and clinical disease in the dogs after challenge exposure was studied. Serum samples were obtained from the dogs at various times during the study for serum neutralizing antibody determination and protein immunoblot antibody assay against various geographic isolates of B burgdorferi. Challenge exposure induced limb/joint disorder, fever, anorexia, signs of depression, and B burgdorferi spirochetemia in the nonvaccinated control dogs. The vaccine was found to elicit cross-reactive serum neutralizing and protein immunoblot antibody responses in dogs to various isolates of B burgdorferi and to protect the vaccinated dogs against experimentally induced borreliosis.
Colostral transfer of Bacteroides nodosus antibodies in sheep
Authors: Bartram P. A. , Glenn J. S. , Lasslo L. L. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Ovine contagious foot rot may cause lameness in sheep, resulting in decreased wool growth and low weight gain. Affected neonatal lambs are difficult to treat, and treatment is labor intensive; thus, a method of prevention is warranted.
Vaccination of ewes with a multivalent vaccine in an oil adjuvant induced development of antibody to the somatic O antigen of Bacteroides nodosus, and this antibody was detected in serum of newborn lambs after consumption of colostrum from the vaccinated ewes. Antibody titers were determined in 48 unvaccinated ewe/lamb pairs, and in 50 once-vaccinated and 78 twice-vaccinated pairs. Serum and colostrum O-agglutinin titers to B nodosus were determined by a microtitration agglutination test. Lambs from vaccinated ewes had significantly (P < 0.05) higher O-agglutinin titers than those from unvaccinated ewes, and double vaccination of ewes resulted in the highest potentially protective titers (>1:2,400) in ewes and lambs.
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug toxicosis in dogs and cats: 240 cases (1989-1990)
Authors: Jones R. D. , Baynes R. E. , Nimitz C. T. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
A search of medical records at the Georgia Animal Poison Information Center over a 19-month period revealed 240 cases of dog and cat exposure to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (nsaid). The most common nsaid consumed were ibuprofen, acetaminophen, aspirin, and indomethacin. The most common clinical signs of toxicosis were vomiting and diarrhea, cns depression, and circulatory manifestations. Pets are at risk from nsaid toxicosis through administration by the owners or accidental consumption of improperly stored drugs.
Effects of countercurrent scalding and postscald spray on the bacteriologic profile of raw chicken carcasses
Authors: James William O. , Prucha John C. , Brewer Robert L. , Williams W. Oliver , Christensen Walter A. , Thaler Alice M. , Hogue Allan T. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
In June and September 1988, the USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service sampled raw chicken carcasses at a federally inspected slaughter establishment in Puerto Rico to determine the effects of changing the scalding equipment on bacterial contents of raw poultry products. The scalding equipment was changed to a countercurrent configuration, with a postscald hot-water rinse cabinet that sprayed carcasses as they exited the scalder. Analysis of 250 carcass-rinse samples collected at preevisceration, prechill, and postchill sites over 7 days indicated that carcasses had mean aerobe plate counts of log103.73 before evisceration, 3.18 before chilling, and 2.87 after chilling; Enterobacteriaceae counts of log102.70 before evisceration, 2.25 before chilling, and 1.56 after chilling; and Escherichia coli counts of log102.09 before evisceration, 1.61 before chilling, and 0.89 after chilling. Salmonellae were found on 24% of the carcasses before evisceration, on 28% before chilling, and on 49% after chilling. Although bacterial count reductions were significant at all 3 sites, the proportion of carcasses contaminated with salmonellae in this study was higher at the postchill than prechill site (49 vs 28%). This no doubt was caused by cross-contamination in the chiller. These percentages indicated that although simple scalder changes contributed substantially to the improvement of the bacterial quality of chicken carcasses, additional interventions in the chilling process (such as chlorination of chill water) are important to control cross-contamination and to preserve the positive effects obtained by the scalder changes.
Ivermectin treatment of naturally acquired and experimentally induced Strongyloides stercoralis infections in dogs
Authors: Mansfield L. S. , Schad G. A. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Treatment of Strongyloides stercoralis infection was investigated in 2 dogs with naturally acquired, chronic-active infections, and in 3 dogs with corticosteroid-enhanced, experimentally induced hyperinfections. A single oral dose of ivermectin was given to naturally infected (200 μg/kg of body weight) and experimentally infected (800 μg/kg) dogs. Five dogs with experimental hyperinfections served as controls. Dogs with naturally acquired infections ceased to shed first-stage larvae in the feces 1 week after treatment, but 1 dog had recrudescence and required a second dose. Ivermectin was 100% effective in removing adult S stercoralis from the intestinal tract of the experimentally infected dogs, but it was not effective in removing third-stage larvae from parenteral sites. lvermectin-treated dogs had few intestinal parasites of any stage, whereas at necropsy, 4 of 5 experimentally infected dogs not treated had massive infections (>100,000 adults, >92,000 larvae) in the intestinal tract, and 3 of 5 had larvae (>2,500) in parenteral sites.
Colopexy in broodmares: 44 cases (1986-1990)
Authors: Hance Stephen R. , Embertson Rolf M. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Colopexies were performed in 44 broodmares requiring abdominal surgery for large colonvolvulus or right dorsal displacement of the large colon. Colopexies were performed by suturing the lateral bands of the left and right ventral colon to the ventral abdominal wall. Forty-seven percent of the mares in which a colopexy was performed had previous surgery for a large colon volvulus or right dorsal displacement of the large colon. Postoperative complications considered directly associated with the colopexy procedure were intermittent abdominal pain in 7, reoperation in 5, subcutaneous fistulous tracts in 1, and catastrophic rupture of the left ventral colon in 2 horses. Thirty-six horses survived > 6 months after colopexy, 34 of which had complete follow-up examinations. Twenty-seven mares have foaled at least once subsequent to the colopexy procedure, totalling 40 foals. Colopexy was considered a viable technique to prevent recurrence of large colon displacement or volvulus in selected predisposed populations.
Salmonella infections in neonatal dairy calves
Authors: Lance Susan E. , Miller Gay Y. , Hancock Dale D. , Bartlett Paul C. , Heider Lawrence E. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
To estimate herd prevalence of Salmonella spp, fecal specimens were obtained for culture from neonatal calves of 47 Ohio dairy herds. Of the 452 calves tested, 10 calves from 7 farms were culturepositive. Salmonella serotypes isolated were S dublin, S typhimurium, S enteritidis, S agona, S mbandaka, and S montevideo. Bulk tank milk filters from these dairies were also submitted for culture. Salmonella sp was isolated from 1 of the 50 filters, and 2 calves from this herd were found to be shedding Salmonella sp of the same serotype.
Comparison of the human and canine Schiotz tonometry conversion tables in clinically normal dogs
Authors: Miller Paul E. , Pickett J. Phillip 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Intraocular pressure (iop) was measured in 114 eyes of 57 clinically normal dogs with 2 applanation tonometers (Tono-Pen and Mackay-Marg) and the Schiotz indentation tonometer, using the 5.5- and 7.5-g weights. Significant differences were not detected between measurements obtained with the Tono-Pen and Mackay-Marg tonometers the Mackay-Marg and Schiotz tonometers using either weight and conversion with the human calibration table, or the Tono-Pen and Schiotz tonometers using the 7.5-g weight and the human calibration table. Values obtained by use of the Tono-Pen tonometer were significantly less (P < 0.005) than values obtained with the Schiotz tonometer when a 5.5-g weight and the human calibration table were used, but the amount was clinically unimportant. Estimates of iop using the Schiotz tonometer and the canine calibration table, and either the 5.5− or 7.5-g weight were clinically and significantly much higher (P < 0.0001) than estimates obtained with the Tono-Pen, Mackay-Marg, or Schiotz tonometers, using the human calibration table and either weight. Sixty to 70% of clinically normal dogs had an iop ≥ 30 mm of Hg when Schiotz scale measurements were converted with the canine conversion table. For clinically normal dogs, the human calibration table was the most clinically useful table for converting Schiotz tonometer measurements to mm of Hg. Normal mean (± sd) canine readings with the Schiotz tonometer and the 5.5-g weight was 4.9 ± 1.5 tonometerscale units (range, 2 to 11; 95% confidence interval, 1.9 to 7.9). Converted means (± sd) for clinically normal dogs with the 5.5-g weight were 18.0 ± 4.1 mm of Hg (range, 6 to 29; 95% confidence interval, 9.8 to 26.2) with the human calibration table, and 30.9 ± 4.7 mm of Hg (range, 17 to 43; 95% confidence interval, 21.5 to 40.3) with the canine conversion table.
Immunodeficiency syndrome associated with wasting and opportunistic infection in juvenile llamas: 12 cases (1988-1990)
Authors: Hutchison Jennifer M. , Garry Franklyn B. , Johnson LaRue W. , Quackenbush Sandra L. , Getzy David M. , Jensen Wayne A. , Hoover Edward A. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Immunodeficiency was diagnosed as the cause of severe debilitating disease characterized by weight loss, failure to grow, and persistent infections that failed to respond to treatment in 12 young llamas. The llamas were affected after maternal-acquired immunity had decreased; failure of passive transfer of immunoglobulins thus was not suspected. Areas of lymph nodes containing T lymphocytes were hypocellular, suggesting T-cell involvement. High serum immunoglobulin concentrations were not found, despite the existence of infectious disease, suggesting at least secondary B-cell involvement. Results of lymphocyte blastogenesis assays were suggestive of B- and T-cell involvement. It was not possible to determine whether the condition was inherited or acquired.
Milk antimicrobial drug residue assay results in cattle with experimental, endotoxin-induced mastitis
Authors: Tyler Jeff W. , Cullor James S. , Erskine Ronald J. , Smith Wayne L. , Dellinger Jon , McClure Kim 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Antimicrobial drug residue testing was performed on milk samples obtained from 8 cows with experimental endotoxin-induced mastitis, using 4 commercially available assay kits. Although none of the cows in the study received antimicrobials, only 1 of the 4 assay procedures, assay C, had consistently negative results (specificity = 1.00). The proportion of positive assay results varied from 0 to 1.00 among combinations of sampling time, sample status (endotoxin-infused quarter vs composite noninfused sample). The proportion of positive results found when assay C was used (0) differed significantly from the proportion found when the 3 other assays were used. The proportion of positive results did not differ significantly between assay A (0.45) and assay B (0.48); however, both assays had a significantly lower proportion of positive assays than did assay D (0.86).
Logistic regression models were developed predicting positive milk antimicrobial drug residue assay results as a function of assay kit, sample status, and time interval following experimental challenge exposure. Using assay A as a baseline risk, assay B and assay D were more likely to have positive assay results, and assay C had a decreased risk of positive assay results. Milk samples from endotoxin-infused quarters were at increased risk for positive assay results, compared with noninfused composite samples. Samples collected from endotoxin-infused quarters or control quarters were at increased risk for positive assay results following the intramammary infusion of endotoxin. Our findings suggest that specificity of milk antimicrobial drug residue assays varies greatly among assay kits and that intramammary inflammation may increase the proportion of false-positive assay results.
Penile hematoma in bulls: 60 cases (1979-1990)
Authors: Musser Jeffrey M. B. , St-Jean Guy , Vestweber Jerome G. , Pejsa Thomas G. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Sixty bulls with penile hematomas were examined from 1979 through 1990. Thirty-eight bulls underwent surgical correction, 17 bulls were managed by medical treatment, and 5 bulls were not treated. Hereford and Polled Hereford breeds represented the majority (n = 37, 62%) of the bulls, with 10 other breeds representing the remainder (n = 21, 35%) in this study; breed was not reported in 2 bulls. Follow-up information was obtained from owners (40/60) through conversation on the success or failure of treatment, interval of sexual rest, duration of breeding soundness, and final outcome of the bull. Surgical correction was successful in 19 (70%) of 27 cases; medical treatment was successful in 6 (46%) of 13 cases. Of the 8 bulls that had penile hematomas with swelling measuring > 20 cm in width, 6 were successfully treated surgically, compared with 1 of 3 successfully treated medically. Of the bulls with penile hematomas having a swelling measuring ≤ 20 cm in width, 7 of 9 were successfully treated surgically, compared with 4 of 5 successfully treated medically. Duration of the penile hematoma had little effect on the success of surgical correction. Of the bulls allowed sexual rest for > 2 months after treatment was initiated, 6 (25%) of 24 had a recurrence of penile hematoma. Four (40%) of 10 bulls allowed sexual rest for ≤ 2 months had a recurrence of penile hematoma.
Systemic necrotizing vasculitis in nine young Beagles
Authors: Scott-Moncrieff J. Catharine R. , Snyder Paul W. , Glickman Lawrence T. , Davis Erica L. , Felsburg Peter J. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
A systemic necrotizing vasculitis of unknown etiopathogenesis may be termed juvenile polyarteritis syndrome (jps). The syndrome has been recognized primarily in young Beagles used for toxicologic studies. We studied 9 young Beagles with jps. Affected dogs had fever (40 to 41.5 C), anorexia, and signs of pain in the cervical area. They had a characteristic hunched stance, and were unwilling to move. Laboratory abnormalities in all dogs included nonregenerative anemia, hypoalbuminemia, and leukocytosis characterized by a mature neutrophilia. Analysis of csf revealed a moderate to severe neutrophilic pleocytosis and a mildly high protein concentration in most dogs. Signs of disease resolved rapidly with high doses (2.2 mg/kg of body weight, po) of prednisone. If untreated, clinical signs and laboratory abnormalities had a remitting and relapsing course in most dogs. Findings at necropsy included necrotizing arteritis with fibrinoid necrosis, periarteritis, thrombosis, and intimal proliferation that most frequently affected small- to medium-sized vessels in the cervical spinal cord, mediastinum, and heart. An immune-mediated pathogenesis for this disease is suspected.