bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Valproate, risperidone, and paliperidone: A case of valproate-induced hyperammonemic encephalopathy
Authors: Wesselman Kyle , Cavaliere Vincent , Goyal Rakesh , Anderson Eric 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Hyperammonemia is a well-known adverse effect of valproate that can progress to a potentially fatal condition known as valproate-induced hyperammonemic encephalopathy (VHE). VHE is more common when valproate is used in combination therapy with other antiepileptic medications. A growing number of case reports have pointed to a possible interaction with the antipsychotic risperidone leading to an increased risk of VHE. We present a case of VHE in which a 20-year-old male patient with bipolar affective disorder developed VHE when on concomitant valproate, risperidone, and paliperidone palmitate. On the seventh day of treatment with oral risperidone, oral divalproex sodium was added. Intramuscular paliperidone palmitate was initiated on day 13, and oral risperidone was discontinued after the second loading dose on day 16. The following day, the patient displayed worsening psychomotor retardation, swaying gait, drowsiness, and vomiting. The patient was found to have hyperammonemia and transferred to the emergency department for treatment of suspected VHE.
Detection of a Plasmodium vivax erythrocyte binding protein by flow cytometry
Authors: Tran Tuan M. , Moreno Alberto , Yazdani Syed S. , Chitnis Chetan E. , Barnwell John W. , Galinski Mary R. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractBackgroundThe malaria parasite Plasmodium vivax preferentially invades reticulocytes. It is therefore relevant for vaccine development purposes to identify and characterize P. vivax proteins that bind specifically to the surface of reticulocytes. We have developed a two‐color flow cytometric erythrocyte binding assay (F‐EBA) that has several advantages over traditional erythrocyte binding assays (T‐EBAs) used in malaria research. We demonstrate the use of F‐EBA using the P. vivax Duffy binding protein region II (PvDBP‐RII) recombinant protein as a model. This protein binds to all erythrocytes that express the Duffy receptor (Fy) and discriminates binding between normocytes and reticulocytes.MethodsF‐EBAs were performed by incubating freshly isolated Aotus nancymai, Macaca mulatta, Saimiri boliviensis, and human erythrocytes with PvDBP‐RII, a fluorescent anti‐His tag detection antibody, and thiazole orange before flow cytometric analysis. T‐EBAs employing immunoblot detection with an anti‐His antibody were performed concomitantly.ResultsPvDBP‐RII bound to A. nancymai, M. mulatta, and human Fy+ erythrocytes, but not human Fy− erythrocytes, by F‐EBAs and T‐EBAs. However, F‐EBAs exhibited higher sensitivity and better concordance between experiments compared with T‐EBAs.ConclusionsF‐EBA is a rapid, simple, and reliable method for quantifying the ability of malaria proteins to bind to the surface of erythrocytes. F‐EBA can discriminate binding between erythrocyte subpopulations without enrichment protocols and may be more reliable and sensitive than T‐EBAs in identifying novel erythrocyte binding proteins. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Curing a meagre health care system by lean methods—translating ‘chains of care’ in the Swedish health care sector
Authors: Trägårdh Björn , Lindberg Kajsa 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to discuss what happens when work embedded in a ‘meagre’†‘Meagre’ is chosen as a term to describe a critical state in an organizational field where resources are relatively scarce, i.e. in relation to the prescribed task. ‘Lean’ is a term to describe an organizational concept in order to simultaneously rationalize and develop production.
organizational context is changed by lean production‐related methods. The article is based on studies of seven lean production‐inspired projects in the Swedish health care sector, a sector already poor due to organizational slack. The projects were directed to develop ‘health care chains’, an organizational concept regarded as a way to rationalize health care organizations as well as to develop them, i.e. increase productivity, quality from a customer perspective and quality of working conditions. The article analyses the projects from an interpretative perspective and discusses how modern management models with ambitions to concurrently rationalize and develop organizations—e.g. lean production and health care chains—are used in a ‘meagre’ organizational field. As an outcome, a model is presented that explores what is beyond simple imitations and unique translations of ideas when a new concept is implemented in local organizations. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quality‐based purchasing in health care
Authors: Waters Hugh R. , Morlock Laura L. , Hatt Laurel 
Published: December 2004

AbstractQuality‐based purchasing is a growing trend that seeks to improve healthcare quality through the purchaser‐provider relationship. This article provides a unifying conceptual framework, presents examples of the purchaser‐provider relationship in countries at different income levels, and identifies important supporting mechanisms for quality‐based purchasing. As countries become wealthier, a higher proportion of healthcare spending is channeled through pooled arrangements, allowing for greater involvement of purchasers in promoting the quality of service provision.Global and line item budgets are the most common type of provider payment system in low and middle‐income countries. In these countries, improving public hospital performance through contracting and incentives is a key issue. In middle and high‐income countries, there are several documented examples of governments contracting to private or non‐governmental health care providers, resulting in higher perceived quality of care and lower delivery costs. Encouraging quality through employer purchasing arrangements has been promoted in several countries, particularly the United States.Community‐based financing schemes are an increasingly common form of health financing in parts of sub‐Saharan Africa and Asia, but these schemes still cover less than 10% of national populations in countries in which they are active. To date, there is little evidence of their impact on healthcare quality.The availability of information—concerning healthcare service provision and outcomes—determines the options for establishing and monitoring contract provisions and promoting quality. Regardless of the context, quality‐based purchasing depends critically on information—reporting, monitoring, and providing useful information to healthcare consumers. In many low and middle‐income countries, the lack of availability of information is the principal constraint on measuring performance, a critical component of quality‐based purchasing. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Internal energy distribution in electrospray ionization
Authors: Naban‐Maillet Jessie , Lesage Denis , Bossée Anne , Gimbert Yves , Sztáray Judit , Vékey Károly , Tabet Jean‐Claude 
Published: December 2004

AbstractInternal energies and energy distributions were studied using the ‘survival yield’ method developed previously. In addition to conventional benzylpyridinium salts, protonated esters (fragmenting by rearrangement) and protonated leucine enkephalin were also used, extending the validity of the technique. Fragmentation processes were studied in the cone voltage region and modeled by the RRKM‐based MassKinetics program. The results show that the shapes of the energy distributions are similar to thermal distributions. The mean internal energies are very similar for all compound classes studied, and show a linear increase with collision energy in the 10–50 eV region. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structure and Properties of Novel Fibers Spun from Cellulose in NaOH/Thiourea Aqueous Solution
Authors: Ruan Dong , Zhang Lina , Zhou Jinping , Jin Huiming , Chen Hui 
Published: December 2004

AbstractSummary: Cellulose was dissolved rapidly in a NaOH/thiourea aqueous solution (9.5:4.5 in wt.‐%) to prepare a transparent cellulose solution, which was employed, for the first time, to spin a new class of regenerated cellulose fibers by wet spinning. The structure and mechanical properties of the resulting cellulose fibers were characterized, and compared with those of commercially available viscose rayon, cuprammonium rayon and Lyocell fibers. The results from wide angle X‐ray diffraction and CP/MAS 13C NMR indicated that the novel cellulose fibers have a structure typical for a family II cellulose and possessed relatively high degrees of crystallinity. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy images revealed that the cross‐section of the fibers is circular, similar to natural silk. The new fibers have higher molecular weights and better mechanical properties than those of viscose rayon. This low‐cost technology is simple, different from the polluting viscose process. The dissolution and regeneration of the cellulose in the NaOH/thiourea aqueous solutions were a physical process and a sol‐gel transition rather than a chemical reaction, leading to the smoothness and luster of the fibers. This work provides a potential application in the field of functional fiber manufacturing.A bundle of fibers with a similar circular cross‐section, indicating the homogeneous and smooth surface of the fibers.magnified imageA bundle of fibers with a similar circular cross‐section, indicating the homogeneous and smooth surface of the fibers.
Fiber Formation in Medium and Ultra‐High‐Molecular‐Weight Polyhydroxybutyrate Blends under Shear Flow
Authors: Sharma Lakshmi , Ogino Yoshino , Kanaya Toshiji , Iwata Tadahisa , Doi Yoshiharu 
Published: December 2004

AbstractSummary: Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is an ideal bioplastic, however, this polymer undergoes a severe embrittlement process because of its spherulitic structure, rendering the material brittle. Using a series of in‐situ rheo techniques, we have previously observed only the rapid initial stage of shish formation, we term a partial shish, which existed at high shears in medium‐molecular‐weight PHB, $\overline M _{\rm w}$ = 360 000. The shish kebab morphology is anticipated to remove or severely lessen this embrittlement process whilst providing new properties and applications. For medium and ultra high‐molecular‐weight (MMWT, $\overline M _{\rm w}$ = 360 000/UHMWT, $\overline M _{\rm w}$ = 5 × 106) PHB 99/1 and 99.5/0.5 blends only a partial shish is identified. However, the initial shish formation stage and subsequent stages were observed at 98/2 and 97/3 blend ratios resulting in a complete shish, we term the full shish, and fiber formation was evident. We believe this fiber morphology achieved by high molecular weights is crucial to sustaining the shish kebab structure for an excessive period.Left: In‐situ rheo‐light scattering micrograph; 97/3 MMWT/UHMWT PHB at 100 s−1 for 1 s shear shish held at 75 s. Right: In situ rheo‐optical micrograph; PHB fiber morphology observed at 50 s−1 for 2 s shear 98/2 MMWT/UHMWT PHB after 1 min.imageLeft: In‐situ rheo‐light scattering micrograph; 97/3 MMWT/UHMWT PHB at 100 s−1 for 1 s shear shish held at 75 s. Right: In situ rheo‐optical micrograph; PHB fiber morphology observed at 50 s−1 for 2 s shear 98/2 MMWT/UHMWT PHB after 1 min.
Nanocomposite Formation in Hydrogenated Nitrile Rubber (HNBR)/Organo‐Montmorillonite as a Function of the Intercalant Type
Authors: Gatos Konstantinos G. , Sawanis Nikolaos S. , Apostolov Anton A. , Thomann Ralf , Karger‐Kocsis József 
Published: December 2004

AbstractSummary: Hydrogenated acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (HNBR) was melt compounded with montmorillonite (MMT) and organophilic modified MMTs prior to sulfur curing. In contrast to the micro‐composite formation resulting from the compounding of the HNBR and pristine MMT, the modified MMTs (i.e., octadecylamine: MMT‐ODA, octadecyltrimethylamine: MMT‐ODTMA, methyltallow‐bis(2‐hydroxyethyl) quaternary ammonium: MMT‐MTH intercalants) produced nanocomposites. It was found that the organoclay with primary amine intercalant (cf. MMT‐ODA) gave confined structures along with the exfoliated/intercalated structures. This was traced to its reactivity with the curatives. By contrast, the organoclays containing less reactive quaternary ammonium compounds (cf. MMT‐ODTMA, MMT‐MTH) were exfoliated and intercalated based on X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results. The hydroxyl functional groups of the MMT‐MTH supported the clay dispersion. The better adhesion between MMT‐MTH and HNBR was explained by hydrogen bonding between the hydroxyl groups of the intercalant and the acrylonitrile group of the HNBR matrix. This HNBR/MMT‐MTH nanocomposite showed the best mechanical properties as verified by tensile mechanical tests and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA). The high tensile strength along with the high elongation at break for the rubber nanocomposites were attributed to the ability of the ‘clay network’ to dissipate the input energy upon uniaxial loading.Scheme of failure development in rubber/organoclay mixes with poor (a) and good (b) dispersion of the clay layers.imageScheme of failure development in rubber/organoclay mixes with poor (a) and good (b) dispersion of the clay layers.
Miscibility and Crystallization Behaviors of Polyamide 6/Polytetrafluoroethylene Blends
Authors: Song Rui , Zhao Jun , Stamm Manfred 
Published: December 2004

AbstractSummary: The miscibility and crystallization behaviors of polyamide 6 (PA 6)/polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) blends, prepared via reactive extrusion, are systematically investigated by means of wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA). WAXD measurements show that no co‐crystallization occurred between two components, while DSC and DMTA measurements suggest that a certain degree of miscibility between them might exist due to the formation of some copolymers during the reactive extrusion.DMTA curves for the pure PA 6 sample and PA 6/PTFE blends with various compositions.imageDMTA curves for the pure PA 6 sample and PA 6/PTFE blends with various compositions.
Static and Dynamic Mechanical Behavior of Electron Beam‐Cured Monomer and Monomer/Liquid Crystal Systems
Authors: Olivier Aline , Benkhaled Leila , Pakula Tadeusz , Ewen Bernd , Best Andreas , Benmouna Mustapha , Maschke Ulrich 
Published: December 2004

AbstractSummary: This paper discusses static and dynamic mechanical properties of electron beam‐cured mixtures made of the nematic liquid crystal (LC) E7 and either tripropyleneglycol diacrylate (TPGDA) or propoxylated glycerol triacrylate (GPTA) as monomers differing essentially by their functionality. Dilution of the initial mixture with LC leads to a significant weakening of the film mechanical strength. Strong effects were found on Young modulus and rubbery state modulus. As the concentration of LC increases, these mechanical parameters drop significantly together with the glass transition temperature of the polymer showing a plasticizing effect. The results for the glass transition temperatures for the polymer and the LC were confirmed by thermograms obtained by differential scanning calorimetry.Storage tensile modulus versus temperature of EB‐cured TPGDA/E7 films for different LC concentrations.imageStorage tensile modulus versus temperature of EB‐cured TPGDA/E7 films for different LC concentrations.
Molecular evaluation of ablative therapy of Barrett's oesophagus
Authors: Hage Mariska , Siersema Peter D , Vissers Kees J , Steyerberg Ewout W , Haringsma Jelle , Kuipers Ernst J , van Dekken Herman 
Published: December 2004

AbstractBarrett's oesophagus is a major risk factor for developing oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Ablation by argon plasma coagulation (APC) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) is currently under investigation for the removal of metaplastic and dysplastic Barrett's oesophagus. This study examined the effect of ablative therapy on Barrett's oesophagus at cell‐cycle and genetic levels. The premalignant potential of residual or recurring Barrett's oesophagus was assessed by p53 immunohistochemistry, Ki67‐related proliferative capacity, and DNA ploidy status (ie an abnormal chromosome 1 number) as measured by interphase in situ hybridization. Twenty‐nine patients with Barrett's oesophagus (23 male and 6 female, mean age 58 years, mean length of Barrett's oesophagus 4 cm) were treated with APC or PDT. Intestinal metaplasia without dysplasia was present in 16 patients, low‐grade dysplasia in five, and high‐grade dysplasia in eight patients. Biopsy samples were obtained at regular intervals (mean follow‐up 20 months, range 6–36 months). One month after the first ablation, Barrett's oesophagus was no longer identified, either endoscopically or histologically, in nine patients (32%). At this time point, significant down‐grading was achieved for abnormal chromosome 1 numbers (p = 0.020) and Ki67‐defined proliferation (p = 0.002). Patients with residual Barrett's oesophagus were additionally treated with APC, resulting in the elimination of Barrett's oesophagus in 76% of all patients. However, at the last follow‐up endoscopy, metaplasia without dysplasia was still present in five patients, and low‐ and high‐grade dysplasia were each present in one patient. An abnormal chromosome 1 number and p53 protein overexpression were detected only in the high‐grade dysplastic lesion, but increased proliferation was still present in the majority of these persisting cases. Although endoscopic removal of Barrett's oesophagus by ablative therapies is possible in the majority of patients, histologically complete elimination cannot be achieved in all cases. Persistent Barrett's oesophagus may still harbour molecular aberrations and must therefore be considered still to be at risk of progression to adenocarcinoma. Copyright © 2004 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evidence of increased microvessel density and activation of the hypoxia pathway in tumours from the hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer syndrome
Authors: Pollard Patrick , Wortham Noel , Barclay Ella , Alam Afrina , Elia George , Manek Sanjiv , Poulsom Richard , Tomlinson Ian 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe Mendelian tumour syndromes hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer (HLRCC) and hereditary paragangliomatosis with phaeochromocytomas (HPGL) result from mutations in nuclear genes (FH and SDHB/C/D, respectively) that encode Krebs cycle enzymes. HPGL tumours are highly vascular and there is evidence that inactivation of SDH leads to activation of the hypoxia/angiogenesis pathway. In contrast, uterine leiomyomas are not generally regarded as particularly vascular lesions. In order to test the possibility that activation of the hypoxia/angiogenesis pathway contributes to tumourigenesis in HLRCC, increased vascularity and hypoxia pathway activation were searched for in HLRCC tumours. Microvessel density was markedly higher in uterine leiomyomas from HLRCC than in the surrounding myometrium; it was notable that sporadic uterine leiomyomas were actually less vascular than normal myometrium. In HLRCC tumours, there was increased expression of transcripts from the hypoxia‐responsive genes vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and BNIP3; sporadic uterine leiomyomas did not show these changes. All uterine leiomyomas showed decreased expression of thrombospondin 1. Although sporadic and HLRCC uterine leiomyomas appear to have identical morphology, their pathways of tumourigenesis may be fundamentally different. As is the case in HPGL, it is probable that failure of the Krebs cycle in HLRCC tumours causes inappropriate signalling that the cell is in a hypoxic state, leading to angiogenesis and perhaps directly to clonal expansion and tumour growth through some uncharacterized, cell‐autonomous effect. Copyright © 2004 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Systematic identification and molecular characterization of genes differentially expressed in breast and ovarian cancer
Authors: Dahl Edgar , Sadr‐Nabavi Ariane , Klopocki Eva , Betz Beate , Grube Susanne , Kreutzfeld Rene , Himmelfarb Marina , An Han‐Xiang , Gelling Stephen , Klaman Irina , Hinzmann Bernd , Kristiansen Glen , Grützmann Robert , Kuner Ruprecht , Petschke Beate , Rhiem Kerstin , Wiechen Kai , Sers Christine , Wiestler Otmar , Schneider Achim , Höfler Heinz , Nährig Jörg , Dietel Manfred , Schäfer Reinhold , Rosenthal André , Schmutzler Rita , Dürst Matthias , Meindl Alfons , Niederacher Dieter 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe identification of novel disease‐associated genes in gynaecological tumours has important implications for understanding the process of tumourigenesis and the development of novel treatment regimens. cDNA libraries from disease tissues may represent a valuable source to identify such genes. Recently, a bio‐informatic procedure based on an ‘electronic Northern’ approach was established to screen expressed sequence tag (EST) libraries for genes differentially expressed in tumour and normal tissues, and identified 450 candidate genes differentially expressed in breast and ovarian cancer. In this report, the validation of an initial set of 40 candidate genes, which were selected due to their localization in chromosomal regions frequently altered in gynaecological tumours, is described. Differential expression of 29 of these genes, including three uncharacterized novel genes, was confirmed by applying cancer profiling arrays with 106 matched pairs of tumour/normal cDNAs and quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) on 60 clinical specimens. The majority of these differentially expressed genes have not been described previously in the context of breast and ovarian cancer, and may constitute novel diagnostic markers for these tumour entities. Copyright © 2004 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.