bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Beyondblue: The National Depression Initiative”
Authors: Hickie Ian 
Published: March 2003

Objective: To describe the initial phases of “beyondblue: the national depression initiative”. In doing so, this paper aims to highlight those issues that are likely to be most relevant to clinical, academic and administrative psychiatrists. Conclusions: beyondblue potentially represents a very significant development in mental health for the Australian community. Its success will depend on its capacity to engage the wider community in the issues that impact on persons suffering from depression and related disorders. There is the potential for psychiatrists to take leading roles in promoting a public health approach, working closely with primary care and allied health colleagues and devising national research projects of international significance.
How to Make an Editor's Life Easier
Authors: Ellard John 
Published: March 2003

Objective: To describe the duties of editors and the ways in which authors can make an editor's life easier. Conclusions: An editor's tasks include knowing his or her reader, making a journal attractive and ensuring articles are accurate and up to date. Authors can assist by having the reader in mind, writing in plain English and keeping articles short. Peer review is an important aspect of medical publishing but has limitations.
Perceived Roles and Functions of Psychiatry Medical Staff in Two Melbourne Services
Authors: Tan Meileen 
Published: March 2003

Objectives: To examine (1) perceived roles and functions of psychiatry medical staff in two multidisciplinary teams at two state-funded health services, a community mental health clinic at a general public psychiatry service and an alcohol and drug service, and (2) factors influencing these roles and functions. Method: Data were obtained from focus groups, key informant interviews, participant observation and document review. Results: Clinical roles were well conceptualised in both services, with good concordance between medical and non-medical staff. Team and leadership roles, however, were not well conceptualised. Service-related factors influenced clinical and many other roles. Power and professional cultural differences between medical and non-medical staff influenced team and leadership roles. Conclusions: Addressing lack of role clarity and teaching interpersonal and team leadership skills to psychiatry medical staff are likely to improve multidisciplinary team functioning for psychiatrists in these settings.
CME and the Pharmaceutical Industry: Towards a More Ethical Relationship
Authors: Freidin Julian , Prior Nigel , Sara Grant 
Published: March 2003

Objectives: To feedback the strategies put to, and accepted by, General Council as a result of the survey of College Fellows views on the ethics of the relationship between the Pharmaceutical Industry and Continuing Medical Education (CME). Conclusions: The proposals accepted by General Council recognise that education of registrars and psychiatrists about the complex nature of their relationships with Industry, increasing their awareness of how this may impact on patient care and encouraging greater individual and collective openness are important steps to take in increasing the confidence of the public that we genuinely are their advocates in all matters to do with the Pharmaceutical Industry.
Minimizing the Risks Associated with Significant QTc Prolongation in People with Schizophrenia: A Consensus Statement by The Cardiac Safety in Schizophrenia Group
Authors: Ames David , Camm John , Cook Peter , Falkai Peter , Gury Charles , Hurley Rod , Johnson Gordon , Piepho Robert , Vieweg Victor 
Published: March 2003

Cardiac Safety in Schizophrenia Group Objectes: This study was designed to help identify and clarify issues associated with cardiac safety in schizophrenia, particularly QTc interval prolongation; to raise awareness among psychiatrists of the cardiac issues involved in prescribing for schizophrenia and help psychiatrists minimise the potential cardiac risks associated with treating schizophrenia. Methods: The currently available literature on cardiac dysfunction associated with antipsychotic treatments was reviewed by an independent panel of international psychiatric and cardiology experts. Following individual review, a joint meeting was held and a consensus statement produced. Results: Prolongation of QTc interval is relatively common among antipsychotic drugs although there is marked variation in the extent to which the different agents exert their effect. If a patient is considered to be at high risk of significantly prolonged QTc interval (e.g. increasing age, female gender, comorbid cardiovascular disease) prescription of an antipsychotic drug with low QTc prolonging potential is recommended. Evaluation of a patient's risk factors for significant QTc prolongation is an important part of patient assessment at presentation. To significantly reduce the risk of morbidity and mortality from prolonged QTc interval a team approach involving the hospital emergency psychiatric care team, the office-based psychiatrist, the primary care physician, the cardiologist and the pharmacist is advocated. Conclusions: Significant QTc interval prolongation caused by some antipsychotics is a risk factor that may lead to sudden death in patients with schizophrenia receiving these medications. Not all antipsychotic drugs prolong QTc interval. Careful clinical and pharmacological management of the patient with schizophrenia can significantly reduce the risks of morbidity and mortality from QTc interval prolongation.
A Century of Psychiatry in Queensland
Authors: Lawrence Joan 
Published: March 2003

Objective: To briefly review the development of psychiatry in Queensland since its inception. Conclusions: From a colourful and tumultuous start at the time of State-hood, Queensland has provided care for the mentally ill in keeping with the sociopolitical conditions of the era influenced by the prevailing thera-peutic approach of moral treatment and custodial care tempered with humanity. Chronic underfunding and a diverse and scattered geography have influenced service provision throughout the century. Innovation and adaptation to changing scientific knowledge, destigmatisation, integration of services, and concern about human rights, however, ensure that Queensland can face the new millennium with confidence and optimism.
Towards a Better Public Housing Service for People with Mental Illness: The Importance of Intersectoral Linkage
Authors: Meehan Tom , Drake Suzanne , Bergen Helen , Gillespie Penny , Sondergeld Suzanne 
Published: March 2003

Objective: To discuss issues relevant to the equitable delivery of public housing services to people with mental illness. Strategies adopted by Queensland Department of Housing to address these issues and to improve services are described, and matters of particular relevance to mental health professionals are highlighted. Conclusions: Formal interagency service agreements between the Departments of Health, Housing and Disability Services, appropriate training programs, and case conferencing strategies can enhance the delivery of appropriate housing services to people with mental illness. Promotion of active interagency collaboration by mental health professionals will facilitate these strategies.
Academic Departments of Psychiatry in Australia: A Need for Reinvention
Authors: Singh Bruce 
Published: March 2003

Objective: To give an overview of academic departments of psychiatry in Australia, emphasising the contribution they have made to the development of psychiatry in this country and the current pressures on them. Method: Review of the literature, historical perspective and personal observation. Results: University departments of psychiatry are under considerable stress in Australia because of pressure on both the health and education budgets. Conclusion: In the current climate, university departments need to reconsider their core goals and review their sources of funding if they are to survive and prosper.
Madness and James Joyce
Authors: Kaplan Robert 
Published: March 2003

Objective: To consider the association between the author James Joyce and madness. Conclusions: Joyce lived closer to the state of madness than he would have preferred. His mother died in a state of delirium. His daughter Lucia developed hebephrenic schizophrenia and was permanently hospitalised. His son married a manic depressive. Joyce, an acute observer of the world around him, portrayed different states of madness in his writings, most famously in the Nighttown chapter of Ulysses. Critics of his works accused him of being mad, interpreting his use of the stream-of-consciousness and other unique literary techniques as the product of a disordered mind. A psychiatrist referred to him as the schizoid origin of his daughter's insanity. Yet Joyce, who displayed an extraordinary discipline in writing his works, always had a clear idea of his intentions and believed his approach would ultimately be vindicated.
The Therapist's Dilemma: Be Sincere or Fake It?
Authors: Morstyn Ron 
Published: March 2003

Objective: To examine the pressure on therapists to fake sincerity and the significance of genuine sincerity in psychotherapy. Conclusions: There are many reasons why therapists might fake sincerity. We live in a post-modern culture of dissimulation and ‘playing the game’ that puts a premium on faking sincerity. Manualised and scripted psycho-therapies encourage fake sincerity, as do the measurement requirements of EBM, and the short-term approach of Managed Care. Kohut's ‘corrective emotional experience’ of empathy reinforces benevolent faked sincerity. Studies demonstrate the importance of the therapist appearing warm and genuine but do not differentiate appearance from reality. Therapists may fear that true sincerity will lead to crossing boundaries, harming patients, being poorly judged or medico-legal problems. Nevertheless, if therapists aren't willing to strive for genuine sincerity, despite all the attendant risks and possible complications, then they deny their patients the opportunity of working through the difficulties of achieving sincerity in any human relationship. Moments of true mutual sincerity in psychotherapy are healing not only because of the insight achieved but also because they restore the damaged hope that sincerity is possible. Therapists who fake sincerity ultimately leave their patients feeling alone and colluding in a mutually fake therapeutic relationship.
The Role of ECT in Schizophrenia
Authors: Keuneman Richard , Weerasundera Rajiv , Castle David 
Published: March 2003

Objective: To review the place of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in the treatment of schizophrenia. Conclusions: ECT is as effective, if not more so, than the antipsychotic drugs in certain clinical settings. It can be rapidly effective in acute episodes. When used alone, antipsychotics have comparable or superior efficacy to ECT alone in the short term. However, ECT possibly confers better long-term outcome. Combination treatment with antipsychotic medications and ECT is superior to either treatment alone, and is safe and effective, notably in medication resistant schizophrenia. Benefits of acute courses of ECT may be short-lived unless maintenance ECT is instituted, although there are limited data on the subject. Clinically, patients with acute onset, shorter episodes are more likely to respond to ECT. Catatonia, preoccupation with delusions and hallucinations, and a relative absence of premorbid schizoid and paranoid personality traits, are other clinical factors less strongly predictive of positive response. The presence of affective symptoms is often thought to be predictive of clinical response. However, there is little research evidence for this. While medications remain the mainstay of treatment in schizophrenia, ECT does have a clear and increasingly recognised role which requires further evaluation.
Literature and Psychiatry: The Case for a Close Liaison
Authors: Bokey Kathleen , Walter Garry 
Published: March 2003

Objective: To explore, through consideration of a number of literary works, the relationship between literature and psychiatry and to discuss the advantages that an interest in literature can offer psychiatric practice Conclusions: Literature has the potential to impart knowledge in a more direct and engaging way than other information sources, and shapes attitudes. Literature also has the ability to harm. The practice of psychiatry is enriched by increasing our awareness of literary works and appreciating the contribution that these works can make to all stakeholders in the mental health field.
Unusual extra‐axial central nervous system involvement of non‐Hodgkin’s lymphoma: Magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Singh S , Cherian Rs , George B , Nair S , Srivastava A 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARYThe MR imaging findings in a patient with non‐Hodgkin’s lymphoma with unusual involvement of the sella, pituitary stalk and left parasellar region are reported here. On the basis of the MR imaging findings, the initial differential diagnosis included invasive pituitary adenoma, a granulomatous lesion and en plaque meningioma. Trans‐sphenoidal biopsy of the sellar mass showed chronic inflammatory changes and the patient was initially treated for tuberculosis. Because follow‐up imaging showed the lesion to be progressive, a biopsy was done of an enlarged right inguinal lymph node. This revealed non‐Hodgkin’s lymphoma.
A quality assurance audit: Phase III trial of maximal androgen deprivation in prostate cancer (TROG 96.01)
Authors: Steigler A , Mameghan H , Lamb D , Joseph D , Matthews J , Franklin I , Turner S , Spry N , Poulsen M , North J , Kovacev O , Denham J 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARYIn 1997 the Trans‐Tasman Radiation Oncology Group (TROG) performed a quality assurance (QA) audit of its phase III randomized clinical trial investigating the effectiveness of different durations of maximal androgen deprivation prior to and during definitive radiation therapy for locally advanced carcinoma of the prostate (TROG 96.01). The audit reviewed a total of 60 cases from 15 centres across Australia and New Zealand. In addition to verification of technical adherence to the protocol, the audit also incorporated a survey of centre planning techniques and a QA time/cost analysis. The present report builds on TROG’s first technical audit conducted in 1996 for the phase III accelerated head and neck trial (TROG 91.01) and highlights the significant progress TROG has made in the interim period. The audit provides a strong validation of the results of the 96.01 trial, as well as valuable budgeting and treatment planning information for future trials. Overall improvements were detected in data quality and quantity, and in protocol compliance, with a reduction in the rate of unacceptable protocol violations from 10 to 4%. Audit design, staff education and increased data management resources were identified as the main contributing factors to these improvements. In addition, a budget estimate of $100 per patient has been proposed for conducting similar technical audits. The next major QA project to be undertaken by TROG during the period 1998–1999 is an intercentre dosimetry study. Trial funding and staff education have been targeted as the key major issues essential to the continued success and expansion of TROG’s QA programme.
1998 Australian radiology workforce report
Authors: Jones D Neil , O’Donnell Chris , Stuckey John 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARYThe 1998 Australian Radiologist Workforce Survey findings form the basis of the present report, prepared by the Workforce Committee of the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists (RANZCR). A more detailed report can be accessed through the RANZCR web site ( http://www.ranzcr.edu.au). This follows similar previously published reports by the Workforce Committee in the 1990s. The issues of radiologist workforce supply and demand are examined, and benchmarks again reviewed. One of the conclusions of the present report is a possible upcoming shortage of radiologists in Australia, due to several factors, including a possible increase in the attrition rate of an ageing radiologist population, increasing female participation in the workforce, and increasing medical imaging utilization rates. In comparison with other Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) nations, Australia had a mid‐range supply of radiologists, and also medical imaging utilization, although there has been an increase in the latter. Australian radiologist annual workloads appear to be increasing.
Abnormal modelling of the humeral head in the tricho‐rhino–phalangeal syndrome: A new radiological observation
Authors: Paterson Anne , Thomas Paul S 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARYThe case of a 27‐year‐old female patient with tricho‐rhino‐phalangeal (TRP) type I syndrome is reported. The patient demonstrated the classical features of slowly growing hair, a bulbous nose and brachydactyly with swelling at the interphalangeal joints, but in addition showed some of the less common manifestations such as supernumerary teeth and prognathism. To the authors’ knowledge this is the first reported case in which modelling abnormalities of the proximal humerus mirror those seen in the femoral head. This adds weight to the argument that the skeletal abnormalities in TRP are part of a generalized bone dysplasia.
Incisional hernia and small bowel obstruction following laparoscopic surgery: Computed tomography diagnosis
Authors: Wicks Andrew , Voyvodic Frank , Scroop Rebecca 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARYIncisional hernias are a relatively uncommon complication of laparoscopic surgery. Early CT diagnosis of small bowel obstruction due to incarceration in an incisional hernia after laparoscopic cholecystectomy enabled early surgery to be carried out, thereby preventing gut ischaemia and resection.
Mantle planning: Report of the Australasian Radiation Oncology Lymphoma Group film survey and consensus guidelines
Authors: Barton Michael B , Rose Alex , Lonergan Denise , Thornton Deborah , O’Brien Peter , Trotter Grant 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARYThe purpose of the present paper was to measure the variation in mantle planning in Australia and New Zealand. A chest X‐ray (CXR) of a patient in the supine position with a neck node marked by wire was sent to every radiation oncologist in Australia and New Zealand. They were to mark on the CXR the lung blocks that they would use to treat this patient, assuming that the patient had stage IA Hodgkin’s disease. These marks were compared with a small sample of radiologists who were asked to define the mediastinum on the same CXR. Radiation oncologists were also asked to complete a short questionnaire about other modifications to their treatment fields and their experience with this technique. One hundred and six films were sent out and 44 radiation oncologists replied. There was a maximum variation in the placement of their lung blocks of 6 cm. Half of the lung blocks were within a 2‐cm range. One respondent said they would not use a mantle field to treat this patient. Mediastinal coverage was inadequate in at least 50% of cases. There was a very large variation in mantle field planning practices within Australia and New Zealand. For this reason Australasian Radiation Oncology Lymphoma Group has produced consensus guidelines for mantle block design. These are appended to the present paper.
Computed tomographic cephalometric analysis of Chinese patients with obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: Peh Wilfred Cg , Ip Mary Sm , Chu Ferdinand Sk , Chung Ka‐Fai 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARYVariations of craniofacial and upper airway structures are recognized to contribute to the phenomenon of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). Most previous cephalometric studies were performed using erect lateral radiographs in Caucasian patients. The present project aims to determine cephalometric measurements, utilizing CT, in normal Chinese subjects and in Chinese patients with OSA. Computed tomography of 25 patients with OSA (proven using overnight polysomnography), and of 25 age‐, sex‐, height‐, bodyweight‐ and body mass index (BMI)‐matched control subjects were prospectively performed. Thirteen standard bony and soft‐tissue measurements were obtained from the CT lateral scout view of the head and neck, taken with each subject in the neutral supine position. The cross‐sectional area was calculated at two axial levels (velopharynx and hypopharynx). The measurements in the two groups, OSA and control subjects, were compared. The measurements for hyoid position (P = 0.00), nasal cavity length (P = 0.01), mandibular prognathism (P = 0.05), tongue size (P = 0.02), oropharyngeal airway space (P = 0.02), posterior tongue airway space (P = 0.04) and cross‐sectional areas at the level of the velopharynx (P = 0.00) and hypopharynx (P = 0.01) differed significantly between the two groups. In conclusion, CT cephalometric measurements show that certain anatomical variations in the head and neck are likely to contribute to the pathogenesis of OSA in Chinese patients.
Nuclear medicine imaging in early vertebral osteomyelitis: Still of clinical utility
Authors: McEwan Louise , Wong Joseph Ch 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARYA case is presented of vertebral osteomyelitis in an elderly confused patient with poorly localizing signs. The lesion was not diagnosed on the initial MRI study of the spine due to poor targeting. The abnormality was detected on a bone scan the following day. This was confirmed with a gallium scan 3 days later, and also a repeat MRI study 11 days after the first MRI, using an optimized protocol over the region of interest established by the bone scan.
Malignant retroperitoneal paraganglioma: Case report and review of treatment options
Authors: Hruby George , Lehman Margot , Barton Michael , Peduto Tony 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARYA case of retroperitoneal paraganglioma metastasizing to bone is presented. This is followed by a literature review of treatment options, including external beam radiotherapy, chemotherapy and 131I‐metaiodobenzylguanidine.
Attitudes and treatment outcome of breast conservation therapy for stage I & II breast cancer using peroperative iridium‐192 implant boost to the tumour bed
Authors: Deo SV Suryanarayana , Mohanti Bidhu K , Shukla Nootan K , Chawla Sheema , Raina Vinod , Julka Pramod K , Rath Gouya K 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARYBreast conservation therapy for early breast cancer is an established but grossly under‐utilized treatment option in India for various reasons. Breast conservation therapy was offered to 200 suitable breast cancer patients between June 1993 and June 1998. Fifty‐one patients (25%) opted for breast conservation and the remaining preferred mastectomy. In patients agreeing to conservation therapy, surgery was performed first along with peroperative implantation of iridium‐192 to deliver a boost. Whole breast irradiation of 45 Gy was delivered 3–4 weeks after the boost. Cosmesis was assessed at the end of 6 months from completion of therapy. The main reason for refusal of breast conservation therapy was fear of recurrence in the remaining breast (60%). There were no locoregional failures in our study at a median follow up of 42 months; one patient experienced a systemic relapse. Cosmesis was good to excellent in 80% of patients. Breast conservation therapy using peroperative iridium‐192 implant provides excellent locoregional disease control and cosmesis. The results of our study indicate that patient preference for mastectomy is an important reason for the under‐utilization of breast conservation therapy in India.
Malrotation of the bowel resulting in a left‐sided caecal carcinoma presenting as a palpable intrahernial mass
Authors: Torreggiani William C , Thornton Frank , Lyburn Iain , Brenner Clare , Lee Michael J 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARYAn 86‐year‐old woman presented with a large left‐sided intrahernial mass, which was shown on CT to represent an abnormally located caecal tumour. An underlying bowel malrotation was also found explaining the left‐sided nature of the mass.