bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutrient Analysis of Different Media Used for Nursery Production
Authors: Gupta Alka , Qureshi Nazneen , Dangwal Adarsh , Kumar Chandan , Badoni Anoop 
Published: October 2023

An experiment was conducted in the Soil testing laboratory PLANTICA – Indian Academy of Rural Development, Dehradun during January – July 2023, which focused on the nutrient analysis of various growing media for nursery development. Growing media is a crucial component of nursery cultivation as it aids in the growth and development of plants. Different types of growing media are used, and one of them is soil-based media, which is a mixture of different materials with soil being the primary component. In this trial, a mixture of soil, sand, vermicompost, and cocopeat was used to create growing media with different ratios. In this experiment completely randomized design (CRD) was used, in which soil and sand were mixed together to form one treatment, while cocopeat and vermicompost were mixed with soil and sand in different ratios, resulting in a total of 13 treatments with 4 replications each. The treatments for this experiment were, as follows: T1 - soil, T2 - soil + sand (1:1), T3 - soil + sand + cocopeat (1:1:1), T4 - soil + sand + cocopeat (1:1:2), T5 - soil + sand + cocopeat (1:1:3), T6 - soil + sand + vermicompost (1:1:1), T7 - soil + sand + vermicompost (1:1:2), T8 - soil + sand + vermicompost (1:1:3), T9 - soil + sand + cocopeat + vermicompost (1:1:1:1), T10 - soil + sand + cocopeat + vermicompost (1:1:1:3), T11 - soil + sand + cocopeat + vermicompost (1:1:2:1), and T12 - soil + sand + cocopeat + vermicompost (1:1:3:1). To analyse the nutritive value of the growing media, NPK (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium), organic carbon, electrical conductivity (EC), pH, and water holding capacity were measured. The most suitable treatments for nursery n cultivation were found to be T9 (soil, sand, cocopeat, and vermicompost with a ratio of 1:1:1:1) and T11 (soil, sand, cocopeat, and vermicompost with a ratio of 1:1:1:3). These treatments had the perfect balance of soil, sand, vermicompost, and cocopeat, providing all the necessary nutrients required by the plants. T9 was particularly suitable for nursery beds due to its high phosphorus content, which is beneficial for root development. On the other hand, T11 was the best choice for growing media after transplanting the saplings as it contained a high nitrogen content, which promotes foliage development.
Comprehension of the Application of Mckinsey’s 7s Model by Women in SMEs in Ghana; the Mediating Role of Commitment
Authors: Dodor Ann 
Published: October 2023

One of the issues facing SMEs is how to align the internal structures of the organization to improve performance. This study seeks to investigate how SMEs apply the Mckinsey’s 7s framework to align together to improve performance. The study further examines the role of employee commitment on McKinsey’s 7s to performance.
The study employed causal and descriptive research design with a sample size of 378 women entrepreneurs in SMEs in Ghana selected through purposive sampling method. Quantitative data were collected from participants through surveys with the use of questionnaire. Data were analysed by employing structural equation modelling (SEM) supported by AMOS 23.0 with maximum likelihood estimation to test the formulated hypotheses. The mediation analysis was done via bootstrapping through AMOS.
The findings showed that the application of Mckinsey’s 7S has a positive contribution to performance of SMEs. The study further revealed that 4 out of the 7 variables have direct, statistically, and significant influence on employee commitment. The variables include strategy; structures; skills and shared value. The other 3 variables that shown insignificant relationship with employee commitment were Systems, staff and style. Also, the results of the mediating variable suggests that employee commitment has no direct influence on performance results outcome and the hypothesis is not supporting but indicated inverse relationship.
Masks During Pandemics Caused by Respiratory Pathogens—Evidence and Implications for Action
Authors: Cash-Goldwasser Shama , Reingold Arthur L. , Luby Stephen P. , Jackson Lisa A. , Frieden Thomas R. 
Published: October 2023

ImportanceAs demonstrated by the influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2, viruses spread by the respiratory route can cause deadly pandemics, and face masks can reduce the spread of these pathogens. The effectiveness of responses to future epidemics and pandemics will depend at least in part on whether evidence on masks, including from the COVID-19 pandemic, is utilized.ObservationsWell-designed observational studies have demonstrated the association of mask use with reduced transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in community settings, and rigorous evaluations of mask mandates have found substantial protection. Disagreement about whether face masks reduce the spread of SARS-CoV-2 has been exacerbated by a focus on randomized trials, which are limited in number, scope, and statistical power. Many effective public health policies have never been assessed in randomized clinical trials; such trials are not the gold standard of evidence for the efficacy of all interventions. Masking in the community to reduce the spread of SARS-CoV-2 is supported by robust evidence from diverse settings and populations. Data on the epidemiologic, environmental, and mask design parameters that influence the effectiveness of masking provide insights on when and how masks should be used to prevent transmission.Conclusions and RelevanceDuring the next epidemic or pandemic caused by a respiratory pathogen, decision-makers will need to rely on existing evidence as they implement interventions. High-quality studies have shown that use of face masks in the community is associated with reduced transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and is likely to be an important component of an effective response to a future respiratory threat.
Association of Parental Status and Gender With Burden of Multidisciplinary Tumor Boards Among Oncology Physicians
Authors: Chau Brittney L. , LaGuardia Jonnby S. , Kim Sungjin , Zhang Samuel C. , Pletcher Eric , Sanford Nina N. , Raldow Ann C. , Singer Lisa , Gong Jun , Padda Sukhmani K. , Kamrava Mitchell , Cohen Tara , Mitra Devarati , Atkins Katelyn M. 
Published: October 2023

ImportanceTumor boards are integral to the care of patients with cancer. However, data investigating the burden of tumor boards on physicians are limited.ObjectiveTo investigate what physician-related and tumor board–related factors are associated with higher tumor board burden among oncology physicians.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsTumor board burden was assessed by a cross-sectional convenience survey posted on social media and by email to Cedars-Sinai Medical Center cancer physicians between March 3 and April 3, 2022. Tumor board start times were independently collected by email from 22 top cancer centers.Main Outcomes and MeasuresTumor board burden was measured on a 4-point scale (1, not at all burdensome; 2, slightly burdensome; 3, moderately burdensome; and 4, very burdensome). Univariable and multivariable probabilistic index (PI) models were performed.ResultsSurveys were completed by 111 physicians (median age, 42 years [IQR, 36-50 years]; 58 women [52.3%]; 60 non-Hispanic White [54.1%]). On multivariable analysis, factors associated with higher probability of tumor board burden included radiology or pathology specialty (PI, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.54-0.79; P = .02), attending 3 or more hours per week of tumor boards (PI, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.58-0.76; P &amp;lt; .001), and having 2 or more children (PI, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.52-0.77; P = .03). Early or late tumor boards (before 8 am or at 5 pm or after) were considered very burdensome by 33 respondents (29.7%). Parents frequently reported a negative burden on childcare (43 of 77 [55.8%]) and family dynamics (49 of 77 [63.6%]). On multivariable analysis, a higher level of burden from early or late tumor boards was independently associated with identifying as a woman (PI, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.57-0.78; P = .003) and having children (PI, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.62-0.84; P &amp;lt; .001). Independent assessment of 358 tumor boards from 22 institutions revealed the most common start time was before 8 am (88 [24.6%]).Conclusions and RelevanceThis survey study of tumor board burden suggests that identifying as a woman or parent was independently associated with a higher level of burden from early or late tumor boards. The burden of early or late tumor boards on childcare and family dynamics was commonly reported by parents. Having 2 or more children, attending 3 or more hours per week of tumor boards, and radiology or pathology specialty were associated with a significantly higher tumor board burden overall. Future strategies should aim to decrease the disparate burden on parents and women.
Recommendations for Improving Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Care From Black Adults
Authors: Yalavarthi Bhaavna , Summerville Johari , Farahani Nikki , Xiao Lillian Z. , Yu Christine , Aboul-Hassan Deena , Rajgarhia Sia , Clauw Daniel J. , Kahlenberg J. Michelle , DeJonckheere Melissa , Bergmans Rachel S. 
Published: October 2023

ImportanceRacial inequities in incidence, morbidity, and mortality are a defining feature of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Health care systems are integral to addressing these inequities. However, qualitative evidence that highlights Black SLE care experiences is limited.ObjectiveTo identify opportunities for improving SLE care based on the experiences and perspectives of Black adults with SLE.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this qualitative study, an interpretive description approach was used and data were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. Semistructured interviews with Black adults in Michigan who were diagnosed with SLE were conducted. Interviews occurred from November 2, 2021, to July 19, 2022, and data analysis occurred from May 6, 2022, to April 12, 2023.Main Outcomes and MeasuresDeidentified transcripts from the interviews were analyzed to develop themes that focused on opportunities to improve quality of care and symptom management.ResultsThe participants included 30 Black adults with SLE (97% women; mean age, 41 years; range, 18-65 years). Four main themes were identified: (1) awareness of SLE signs and symptoms before diagnosis (participants emphasized delays in diagnosis and how knowledge concerning SLE could be limited in their families and communities); (2) patient-clinician interactions (participants faced discrimination in health care settings and talked about the value of coordinated and supportive health care teams); (3) medication adherence and health effects (participants experienced a range of adverse effects from medications that treat SLE and described how monitoring medication use and efficacy could inform tailored care approaches); and (4) comprehensive care plans after diagnosis (participants reported persistent pain and other symptoms despite treatment). In the context of disease management, participants emphasized the importance of behavioral change and the negative impact of social risk factors.Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this qualitative study suggest how limited information about SLE, experiences of racism, treatment regimens, and social risk factors may affect Black people with SLE. Future research should further engage and include Black communities within the context of treatment and intervention development to reduce racial inequities.
Phase Selection Rules of Multi‐Principal Element Alloys
Authors: Wang Lin , Ouyang Bin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractComputational prediction of phase stability of multi‐principal element alloys (MPEAs) holds a lot of promise for rapid exploration of the enormous design space and autonomous discovery of superior structural and functional properties. Regardless of many plausible works that rely on phenomenological theory and machine learning, precise prediction is still limited by insufficient data and the lack of interpretability of some machine learning algorithms, e.g., convolutional neural network. In this work, a comprehensive approach is presented, encompassing the development of a complete dataset that contains 72 387 density functional theory calculations, as well as a predictive global phenomenological descriptor. The phase selection descriptor, based on atomic electronegativity and valence electron concentration, significantly outperforms the widely used valence electron concentration, excelling in both accuracy (with an f1 score of 63% compared to 47%) and its ability to predict the HCP phase (0.48 recall compared to 0). The comprehensive data mining on the global design space of 61 425 quaternary MPEAs made from 28 possible metals, together with the phenomenological theory and physical interpretation, will set up a solid computational science foundation for data‐driven exploration of MPEAs.
Unrestricted Chiral Patterning by Laser Writing in Liquid Crystalline and Plasmonic Nanocomposite Thin Films
Authors: Szustakiewicz Piotr , Powała Filip , Szepke Dorota , Lewandowski Wiktor , Majewski Pawel W. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObtaining hierarchical structures with arbitrarily controlled chirality remains a challenge. Here, thin films featuring chiroptically bipolar patterns are produced by a device utilizing microscale photothermal re‐melting of materials exhibiting chirality synchronization. This device operates autonomously, guided by an algorithm that facilitates the homochiral growth of supramolecular organic helices through controlling their re‐melting. The chirality synchronization phenomena of constitutionally achiral molecules grants availability of both handednesses of the helices, enabling unrestricted chiral writing in the film. The collective chiroptical response of assembled molecules is utilised to guide the patterning process, creating a foundation for optically secured information. The established methodology enables achieving dissymmetry factor values for circular dichroism (CD) a magnitude higher than previously reported, as confirmed with state‐of‐the‐art, synchrotron‐based Mueller matrix polarimetry (MMP). Moreover, the developed method is extended to nanocomposites comprising gold nanoparticles, providing the opportunity to tune the CD toward the plasmonic region. This strategic application of photothermal processing, specifically laser‐directed melting, uncovers the potential to broaden the selection of nanostructured materials with precisely designed functionalities for photonic applications.
A Robust Bridge‐Type Airflow Sensor Based on Flexible Superhydrophobic Carbon Nanotube Fiber Thin Films
Authors: Qi Tianci , Chen Chen , Yong Zhenzhong , Gong Xiaojing , Ramakrishna Seeram 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDespite a great deal of research about airflow sensors by far, it is still hard to maintain ultra‐low limit of detection, short response, and recovery time under humid and rainy environment, which compromises its practical applications. Herein, a robust bridge‐type airflow sensor base on flexible superhydrophobic carbon nanotube fiber thin films is developed, which can not only own remarkable sensitive properties with ultra‐low limit of detection, fast response, and rapid recovery, but also exclude the influence of moisture or water drops in real applications. Both response time and recovery time are reduced compared with that of the previously reported flexible carbon‐based airflow sensors. Particularly, recovery time is reduced by ≈2/3. Meanwhile, the superhydrophobic structure renders normal functioning of the sensor in severe environment of high humidity or even in the rain, so that the influence of moisture and raindrops can be excluded, a property deficient in the previously reported airflow sensors. Not only can the sensor detect ambient airflow sensitively, but it also exhibits outstanding performance in respiratory health monitoring. Hence, the novel sensor designed in this work realizes operation in the environment of high humidity and rain, which tremendously uplifts the applicability of flexible sensors.
Arylsulfonic Anhydride as Thiol Surrogate for Sulfenylation of sp2 C−H Bond Through De‐oxygenative Reduction with Neutral Ionic Liquid: Scope and Mechanistic Studies
Authors: Rastogi Sumit K. , Equbal Danish , Kumar Santosh , P. R. Gayathri , Kumar Ravindra , Sinha Arun K. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe disclosed the dual role of neutral [Hmim]Br towards the direct conversion of arylsulfonic anhydride into arylthiol surrogate for the controlled and regioselective synthesis of 3‐sulfenylindoles from indole derivatives at rt. In addition, 2‐bromo‐3‐sulfenylindoles were synthesized in the presence of catalytic water at 50 °C in a cascade manner i. e. sulfenylation and bromination through de‐oxygenative reduction with [Hmim]Br in the absence of any additional brominating agent. The present method was also utilized for the sulfenylation of other heterocycles including azaindole, coumarin, naphthol, and pyrrole in good to excellent yields. Moreover, mechanistic investigations revealed this reaction was driven by imidazolium cation of neutral ionic liquid i. e. [Hmim]Br, which converts arylsulfonic anhydride into sulfenyl group for sulfenylation/bromination of sp2 C−H bond wherein an acidic ionic liquid [Hmim]pTSA is released as a by‐product.
Chemical Imaging of RNA‐Tau Amyloid Fibrils at the Nanoscale Using Tip‐Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Cooney Gary Sean , Talaga David , Ury‐Thiery Vicky , Fichou Yann , Huang Yuhan , Lecomte Sophie , Bonhommeau Sébastien 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn the presence of cofactors, tau protein can form amyloid deposits in the brain which are implicated in many neurodegenerative disorders. Heparin, lipids, and RNA are used to recreate tau aggregates in vitro from recombinant protein. However, the mechanism of interaction of these cofactors and the interactions between cofactors and tau are poorly understood. Herein, we use tip‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) to visualize the spatial distribution of adenine, protein secondary structure, and amino acids (arginine, lysine and histidine) in single polyadenosine (polyA)‐induced tau fibrils with nanoscale spatial resolution (<10–20 nm). Based on reference unenhanced and surface‐enhanced Raman spectra, we show that the polyA anionic cofactor is incorporated in the fibril structure and seems to be superficial to the β‐sheet core, but nonetheless enveloped within the random‐coiled fuzzy coat. TERS images also prove the colocalization of positively charged arginine, lysine, and histidine amino acids and negatively charged polyA, which constitutes an important step forward to better comprehend the action of RNA cofactors in the mechanism of formation of toxic tau fibrils. TERS appears as a powerful technique for the identification of cofactors in individual tau fibrils and their mode of interaction.
T Cell Antigen Recognition and Discrimination by Electrochemiluminescence Imaging
Authors: Yan Yajuan , Zhou Ping , Ding Lurong , Hu Wei , Chen Wei , Su Bin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAdoptive T lymphocyte (T cell) transfer and tumour‐specific peptide vaccines are innovative cancer therapies. An accurate assessment of the specific reactivity of T cell receptors (TCRs) to tumour antigens is required because of the high heterogeneity of tumour cells and the immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment. In this study, we report a label‐free electrochemiluminescence (ECL) imaging approach for recognising and discriminating between TCRs and tumour‐specific antigens by imaging the immune synapses of T cells. Various T cell stimuli, including agonistic antibodies, auxiliary molecules, and tumour‐specific antigens, were modified on the electrode's surface to allow for their interaction with T cells bearing different TCRs. The formation of immune synapses activated by specific stimuli produced a negative (shadow) ECL image, from which T cell antigen recognition and discrimination were evaluated by analysing the spreading area and the recognition intensity of T cells. This approach provides an easy way to assess TCR‐antigen specificity and screen both of them for immunotherapies.
Parallel Planar Heterojunction Strategy Enables Sb2S3 Solar Cells with Efficiency Exceeding 8 %
Authors: Zhu Liangxin , Liu Rong , Wan Zhiyang , Cao Wenbo , Dong Chao , Wang Yang , Chen Chong , Chen Junwei , Naveed Faisal , Kuang Jiajin , Lei Longhui , Cheng Liquan , Wang Mingtai 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSolution‐processed solar cells based on inorganic heterojunctions provide a potential approach to the efficient, stable and low‐cost solar cells required for the terrestrial generation of photovoltaic energy. Antimony trisulfide (Sb2S3) is a promising photovoltaic absorber. Here, an easily solution‐processed parallel planar heterojunction (PPHJ) strategy and related principle are developed to prepare efficient multiple planar heterojunction (PHJ) solar cells, and the PPHJ strategy boosts the efficiency of solution‐processed Sb2S3 solar cells up to 8.32 % that is the highest amongst Sb2S3 devices. The Sb2S3‐based PPHJ device consists of two kinds of conventional planar heterojunction (PHJ) subcells in a parallel connection: Sb2S3‐based PHJ subcells dominating the absorption and charge generation and CH3NH3PbI3‐based PHJ subcells governing the electron transport towards collection electrode, but it belongs to an Sb2S3 device in nature. The resulting PPHJ device combines together the distinctive structural features of Sb2S3 absorbing layer as a main absorber and the duplexity of well‐crystallized/oriented CH3NH3PbI3 layer in charge transportation as an additional absorber, while the presence of perovskite does not affect device stability. The PPHJ strategy maintains the facile preparation by the conventional sequential depositions of multiple layers, but eliminates the normal complexity in both tandem and parallel tandem PHJ systems.
Glutathione Mediates Control of Dual Differential Bio‐orthogonal Labelling of Biomolecules
Authors: Peschke Frederik , Taladriz‐Sender Andrea , Andrews Matthew J. , Watson Allan J. B. , Burley Glenn A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTraditional approaches to bio‐orthogonal reaction discovery have focused on developing reagent pairs that react with each other faster than they are metabolically degraded. Glutathione (GSH) is typically responsible for the deactivation of most bio‐orthogonal reagents. Here we demonstrate that GSH promotes a Cu‐catalysed (3+2) cycloaddition reaction between an ynamine and an azide. We show that GSH acts as a redox modulator to control the Cu oxidation state in these cycloadditions. Rate enhancement of this reaction is specific for ynamine substrates and is tuneable by the Cu:GSH ratio. This unique GSH‐mediated reactivity gradient is then utilised in the dual sequential bio‐orthogonal labelling of peptides and oligonucleotides via two distinct chemoselective (3+2) cycloadditions.