bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Channel Structures in a Simple Inorganic Salt − An Open Framework Formed through Structural Integration of Distinct Sodium Acetate and Sodium Perchlorate Domains
Authors: Lavalette Arnaud , Lawrance Geoffrey A. , Alcock Nathaniel W. , Hannon Michael J. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe novel mixed salt of sodium acetate and perchlorate reported herein, Na4(OAc)3(ClO4), has a distinctive lattice structure formed from sodium acetate planes linked together by sodium perchlorate cylinders. In total contrast to the component salts, the structure contains channels parallel to the c axis. The integration of the two molecular‐level structural motifs of the two component salts thus leads to a supramolecular/macromolecular‐level structure which is very different from those of the components. A template mechanism is implicated in the formation. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Effect of leading edge cut on the aerodynamics of ram‐air parachutes
Authors: Balaji R. , Mittal S. , Rai A. K. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe effect of the configuration of leading edge cut on the aerodynamic performance of ram‐air parachutes is studied via two‐dimensional flow simulations. The incompressible Reynolds‐averaged Navier–Stokes equations, in primitive variables, are solved using a stabilized finite‐element formulation. The Baldwin–Lomax model is employed for turbulence closure. Flow past an LS(1) 0417 airfoil is investigated for various configurations of the leading edge cut and results are compared with those from a Clark‐Y airfoil section. It is found that the configuration of the leading edge cut affects the lift‐to‐drag ratio (L/D) of the parachute very significantly. The L/D value has strong implications on the flight performance of the parachute. One particular configuration results in a L/D value that is in excess of 25 at 7.5° angle of attack. Results are presented for other angles of attack for this configuration. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Performance analysis of ventricular assist devices using finite element flow simulation
Authors: Behr M. , Arora D. , Nosé Y. , Motomura T. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractNumerical simulation plays an increasingly important role in the design of medical devices in general, and ventricular assist devices in particular. Modelling of flow in blood pumps has the potential to shorten the design cycle and give the designers important insights into causes of blood damage and suboptimal performance. We present a set of flow simulations designed to reproduce previously obtained experimental data relating flow volume generated by the pump to the pressure head imposed between the outflow and inflow cannulas. These performance curves are obtained using a stabilized space–time finite element formulation of the Navier–Stokes equations, with a shear‐slip mesh update used to accommodate the movement of the impeller with respect to non‐axisymmetric housing. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Formal characterization and extension of the linearized diffusion tensor model
Authors: Salvador Raymond , Peña Alonso , Menon David K. , Carpenter T. Adrian , Pickard John D. , Bullmore Ed T. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractWe analyzed the properties of the logarithm of the Rician distribution leading to a full characterization of the probability law of the errors in the linearized diffusion tensor model. An almost complete lack of bias, a simple relation between the variance and the signal‐to‐noise ratio in the original complex data, and a close approximation to normality facilitated estimation of the tensor components by an iterative weighted least squares algorithm. The theory of the linear model has also been used to derive the distribution of mean diffusivity, to develop an informative statistical test for relative lack of fit of the ellipsoidal (or spherical) model compared to an unrestricted linear model in which no specific shape is assumed for the diffusion process, and to estimate the signal‐to‐noise ratios in the original data. The false discovery rate (FDR) has been used to control thresholds for statistical significance in the context of multiple comparisons at voxel level. The methods are illustrated by application to three diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) datasets of clinical interest: a healthy volunteer, a patient with acute brain injury, and a patient with hydrocephalus. Interestingly, some salient features, such as a region normally comprising the basal ganglia and internal capsule, and areas of edema in patients with brain injury and hydrocephalus, had patterns of error largely independent from their mean diffusivities. These observations were made in brain regions with sufficiently large signal‐to‐noise ratios (>2) to justify the assumptions of the log Rician probability model. The combination of diffusivity and its error may provide added value in diagnostic DTI of acute pathologic expansion of the extracellular fluid compartment in brain parenchymal tissue. Hum. Brain Mapping 24:144–155, 2005. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cyclosilicate nanocomposite: A novel resorbable bioactive tissue engineering scaffold for BMP and bone‐marrow cell delivery
Authors: El‐Ghannam A. , Ning C. Q. , Mehta J. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractPorous bioactive resorbable silica–calcium phosphate nanocomposite (SCPC) was prepared by a sintering technique. XRD analyses showed that the main crystalline phases of the SCPC are Na3CaPSiO7 (clinophosinaite), β‐NaCaPO4 (rhenanite), Na2CaSiO4, and β‐quartz (SiO2). The clinophosinaite is a novel cyclosilicate bioactive mineral that enhanced the mechanical and bioactivity properties of the SCPC. TEM analysis showed that the grain sizes of the multiphase SCPC are in the nanometer scale. Moreover, the SCPC was engineered with nano‐ and microscale porosity. The SCPC had significantly higher compressive strength than porous hydroxyapatite (HA). FTIR analyses revealed the formation of biological hydroxyapatite layer on the SCPC surface after 4 days of immersion in SBF. When SCPC was loaded with rhBMP‐2, it provided a superior release profile of biologically active rhBMP‐2 compared to porous HA. Bone‐marrow cells incubated with medium treated with the rhBMP‐2 released from the SCPC‐rhBMP‐2 hybrid expressed significantly higher alkaline phosphatase activity than that expressed by cells incubated with media treated with rhBMP‐2 released from HA‐rhBMP‐2. In addition, cells attached to the SCPC‐rhBMP‐2 hybrid produced mineralized extracellular matrix (ECM) and bone‐like tissue that covered the material surface and filled pores in the entire thickness of the template after 3 weeks in culture. In contrary, cells attached to the HA‐rhBMP‐2 produced limited amount of unmineralized ECM after the same time period. Results of the study strongly suggest that the porous bioactive silica–calcium phosphate nanocomposite can serve as a delivery system for cells and biological molecules. The SCPC‐rhBMP‐2‐marrow cell hybrid may serve as an alternative to autologous bone grafting. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 71A: 377–390, 2004
A much needed macro level view: A commentary on Henriques' “Psychology Defined”
Authors: Gilbert Paul 
Published: October 2004

AbstractTo develop greater coherence, psychology must develop its macro and integrative approaches to the mind. In this illuminating paper, Henriques (this issue) outlines the kind of thinking that is needed. He skillfully illuminates the levels of emergence of mind from the material world and argues that the recursive self‐regulative abilities of self‐awareness set us apart from other animals. The interaction between an evolved mind, adapted to pursue strategic goals, while also being phenotypically shaped by both environment and our recently evolved cognitive competencies, is a core focus of psychology. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol.
Taxonomy as a contextualist views it
Authors: Hayes Steven C. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe Henriques' article, “Psychology Defined” (this issue), reflects an underlying philosophy of science that emphasizes coherence as its truth criterion. The taxonomic efforts that result are of unknown value when viewed from other philosophical positions. From the point of view of functional contextualism, the primary metric of successful science is not coherence per se, but the precision, scope, and depth of the analysis as a means of predicting and influencing psychological phenomena. Henriques presents neither data nor specific research proposals that would allow even the beginning application of such a metric. Thus, the proposed taxonomy has no known value when viewed contextualistically. Since the practical goals of clinical psychology are very similar to those of functional contextualism, clinical psychologists interested in making a practical difference will have few current empirical reasons to be attracted to this taxonomy. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol.
Unity within psychology, and unity between science and practice
Authors: Kihlstrom John F. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe unity of psychology as a science is to be found in its definition as the science of mental life, and its explanation of individual behavior in terms of mental states. This disciplinary focus will help negotiate psychology's relations with other disciplines, such as neuroscience and cognitive science. The unity within psychology between science and practice is to be found in a focus on scientific evidence as the source of the status, autonomy, and privileges of professional practitioners. Psychology should avoid the temptations of reductionism, and assert (and enjoy) its twin status as both a biological science and a social science. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol.
Some discontents with theoretical unification: A response to Henriques' “Psychology Defined”
Authors: Yanchar Stephen C. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractIn response to Henriques' article “Psychology Defined” (this issue), I argue that theoretical unification should not be pursued for its own sake and that many psychologists are unlikely to endorse the specific unifying principles of the Tree of Knowledge System. It is suggested that other scholarly endeavors such as the open pursuit of truth, sustained dialogue among diverse discourse communities, and critical reflection on psychological theories and practice are more important than theoretical unification. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol.
Cholinergic synaptic signaling mechanisms underlying behavioral teratogenicity: Effects of nicotine, chlorpyrifos, and heroin converge on protein kinase C translocation in the intermedial part of the hyperstriatum ventrale and on imprinting behavior in an avian model
Authors: Izrael Michal , Van der Zee Eddy A. , Slotkin Theodore A. , Yanai Joseph 
Published: October 2004

AbstractA wide variety of otherwise unrelated neuroteratogens elicit a common set of behavioral defects centering around cholinergic contributions to cognitive function. We utilized the developing chick to overcome confounds related to maternal effects and compared the actions of nicotine, chlorpyrifos, and heroin on cholinergic signaling in the intermedial part of the hyperstriatum ventrale (IMHV), which controls imprinting behavior. Chicken eggs were injected with nicotine (10 mg/kg of egg), chlorpyrifos (10 mg/kg of egg), or heroin (20 mg/kg of egg; all doses below the threshold for dysmorphology) on incubation days (ID) 0 and 5, and then tests were conducted posthatching. All three compounds elicited significant deficits in imprinting behavior. We also found defects in cholinergic synaptic signaling specifically involving the muscarinic receptor‐mediated membrane translocation of protein kinase C (PKC)‐γ and in the basal levels of both PKCγ and PKCβII, the two isoforms known to be relevant to behavioral performance. In contrast, there were no alterations in the response of PKCα, an isoform that does not contribute to the behavior, nor were cytosolic levels of any of the isoforms affected. Taken together with similar results obtained in rodents, our findings suggest that disparate neuroteratogens all involve signaling defects centering on the ability of cholinergic receptors to elicit PKCγ translocation/activation and that this effect is direct, i.e., not mediated by maternal confounds. The chick thus provides a suitable model for the rapid screening of neuroteratogens and elucidation of the mechanisms underlying behavioral anomalies. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enantiomer separation of dimethyl dicarboxy α‐biphenyl (DDB) and its analogues on a covalently bonded cellulose tris‐(3,5‐dimethylphenyl‐carbamate) CSP
Authors: Qin Feng , Chen Xiaoming , Liu Yueqi , Kong Liang , Zou Hanfa 
Published: October 2004

AbstractDimethyl dicarboxy α‐biphenyl (DDB) and its analogues represent atropisomers which have been resolved on the covalently bonded cellulose tris‐(3,5‐dimethylphenylcarbamate) (CDMPC) CSP. Different kinds of alcohols, tetrahydrofuran (THF), and chloroform were employed as mobile phase modifiers (MPMs), and their influence on the retention and separation of the enantiomers was investigated. Ternary mobile phases (hexane/2‐propanol/THF, hexane/2‐propanol/chloroform) were employed to investigate the separation of the five enantiomers. The advantages of the broader choice of solvents offered by the covalently bonded CDMPC CSP were discussed. The effect of structural variation of the enantiomers on their retention and separation was investigated.
Packing capillary electrochromatography columns using vacuum – A preliminary study
Authors: Qu Qishu , Hu Xiaoya , Zhu Xiashi , Gao Shanmin , Xu Qiang , Wang Yubao , Wang Xirong 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThis paper introduces a novel method for packing Capillary Electrochromatography Columns (CEC). Using vacuum packing methodology, silica particles as small as 1 μm were successfully packed into the capillary columns with 75 μm inner diameter. The columns are very stable and show no noticeable loss in efficiency after 200 sample injections. The performance of these vacuum packed capillary columns was evaluated with a mixture of aromatic and non‐aromatic compounds. A 24 cm long capillary column can produce peak efficiencies of around 45 000 plates for benzene.
Cover Picture: Macromol. Rapid Commun. 19/2004
Authors: Miyakoshi Ryo , Yokoyama Akihiro , Yokozawa Tsutomu 
Published: October 2004

Cover: When the polymerization of 2‐bromo‐3‐hexyl‐5‐iodothiophene with isopropylmagnesium chloride and Ni(dppp)Cl2 is quenched with hydrochloric acid instead of water, headto‐tail poly(3‐hexylthiophene) with a very low polydispersity is obtained, as can be seen from the GPC curves on the cover picture.Further details can be found in the Communication by R. Miyakoshi, A. Yokoyama, and T. Yokozawa* on page 1663.
Functional Water Soluble Polymers with Ability to Bind Metal Ions
Authors: Rivas Bernabé L. , Pereira Eduardo 
Published: October 2004

AbstractWater‐soluble polymers containing amine, carboxylic acid, and sulfonic acid groups were investigated as polychelatogens through the liquid phase polymer‐based retention, LPR technique, under different experimental conditions. The metal ions investigated are: Ag(I), Cu(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Ca(II), Hg(II), and Cr(III). An important effect of the pH and the ligand type was observed on the metal ion retention. As the pH increases the metal ion retention increases. Two types of metal ion interactions are involved: coordination and electrostatic.
Preparation and Shelf‐Life Stability of Aqueous Polyurethane Dispersion
Authors: Chinwanitcharoen Charoen , Kanoh Shigeyoshi , Yamada Toshiro , Tada Kaoru , Hayashi Shunichi , Sugano Shunji 
Published: October 2004

AbstractA series of aqueous polyurethane dispersion were prepared by the reaction of hydroxyl‐terminated poly(ethylene adipate), dimethylol propionic acid, 4,4′‐diphenylmethane diisocyanate, and ethylene glycol. Formation of the dispersion was achieved by phase inversion of an acetone solution of the polyurethane with water, utilizing carboxylate anion groups as the internal emulsifying sites. The amount of acetone added has a large effect on the particle diameter (0.08 μm to 8.61 μm) and particle size distribution of the polyurethane emulsion. The storage stability was evaluated in terms of particle size and particle size distribution. The aqueous emulsion obtained with no use of acetone was sufficiently stable in storage at least over six months.
New driver for high‐efficiency switching RF power amplifiers
Authors: Ortega‐González Francisco Javier 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThis paper describes a new driver circuit for high‐efficiency RF switching power amplifiers (class E, class D) based on a small‐area driver transistor, intrinsic input capacitances of the output‐power transistor, and a shaping network. The driver operation is based on class‐E principles. Among the main benefits of this new driver are high efficiency, very low‐bias voltage, and circuit simplicity. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 43: 370–372, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20472
Improved performance of stepped impedance resonator low‐pass filter by using defect ground structure
Authors: Weng Min‐Hung , Pan Chi‐Hsiang , Shao Chih‐Wei , Wu Hung‐Wei 
Published: October 2004

AbstractA stepped impedance resonator (SIR) low‐pass filter using defect ground structure (DGS), which has high isolation and compact size, is proposed. The proposed defect ground structure (DGS) provides excellent cutoff and stopband characteristics for improving the stopband rejection and the attenuation rate of the bandpass edge. In order to illustrate the improved performance, we compare the conventional low‐pass filter and the proposed novel low‐pass filter with DGS. The measurement results of the fabricated low‐pass filter show excellent agreement with the theoretical results. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 43: 382–384, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20477
Modeling of electromagnetic band gap structure devices tuned by ferrite cylinders
Authors: Wang Quanxin , Zhang Yaojiang , Li Erping , Yan Sun , Ooi Ban Leong 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThis paper presents a novel approach to alternate the electromagnetic properties of the electromagnetic band gap (EBG), where a ferrite defect is introduced, and in addition, a DC magnetic field is applied to alternate the EBG's electromagnetic property. Numerous devices are examined, including a coupler and a Y‐branch filter. The numerical experiments demonstrate that the devices electromagnetic characteristics can be easily adjusted by varying the DC magnetic‐field intensity. In this paper, the examinations are performed using the scattering‐matrix method. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 43: 395–400, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20481
Reconfigurable carrier‐recovery loop
Authors: de Sousa Fernando Rangel , Huyart Bernard 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThis paper proposes a carrier‐recovery loop using a reconfigurable phase shaper. It is based on the five‐port technique, which has the advantage of using mixed circuits to calculate complex power ratios. Different modulation standards can be canceled, since the phase detector's transfer function can be dynamically changed. Furthermore, the loop filter is also reconfigurable, thus allowing for fast‐frequency acquisition and low‐noise bandwidth. Measurement results are presented in the 2‐GHz band with a data rate of 1 Mb/s. The regenerated carrier's phase noise and power spectral density are provided, as well as the constellation diagram of the demodulated signal. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 43: 406–408, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20484
Design and application of a novel trapezoidal‐groove waveguide sensor
Authors: Xu Fuyong , Ding Guangze , Li Yue‐e 
Published: October 2004

AbstractMost of the numerous measurement techniques available for microwave dielectric properties are static, and their specimen preparations are complex and tedious. In this paper, a novel trapezoidal‐groove guide sensor for achieving continuous measurement is designed applied to measure the moisture of granular materials. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 43: 445–447, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20497
A complete 1H and 13C NMR data assignment for four drimane sesquiterpenoids isolated from Drimys winterii
Authors: Rodríguez Benjamín , Zapata Nelson , Medina Pilar , Viñuela Elisa 
Published: October 2004

AbstractFrom the bark of Drimys winterii Forst., the drimane derivatives drimendiol, polygodial, isotadeonal and isodrimeninol were isolated. Complete and unambiguous 1H and 13C NMR chemical shift assignments of these compounds were achieved by COSY experiments, 13C/1H shift correlation diagrams and NOE experiments. Isotadeonal and isodrimeninol were found for the first time in this plant species. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Familial insensitivity to pain (HSAN V) and a mutation in the NGFB gene. A neurophysiological and pathological study
Authors: Minde Jan , Toolanen Göran , Andersson Thomas , Nennesmo Inger , Remahl Ingela Nilsson , Svensson Olle , Solders Göran 
Published: October 2004

AbstractWe have studied a large Swedish family with a mutation in the nerve growth factor beta (NGFB) gene causing insensitivity to deep pain without anhidrosis (hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy, type V; HSAN V). Painfree joint destruction and fractures were common. Peripheral nerve conduction was normal, but temperature thresholds were increased. Sural nerve biopsies showed a moderate loss of Aδ fibers and a severe reduction of C fibers. The three most severely affected cases were all born to consanguineous parents, and were homozygotes for the causal genetic mutation. Treatment of these patients is discussed. Muscle Nerve, 2004
Interfacial interactions in calcium carbonate–polypropylene composites. 2: Effect of compounding on the dispersion and the impact properties of surface‐modified composites
Authors: Wang Yeh , Lee Wei‐C. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThis study was carried out to investigate the influences of compounding process and surface treatment on calcium carbonate (CaCO3) filled polypropylene. The compounding process is discussed with reference to a twin‐screw extruder and an internal mixer. The calcium carbonate filler was surface‐treated with a liquid titanate coupling agent (LICA 12) and stearic acid. Composites of different weight fractions were prepared by both compounding processes, and their impact properties were evaluated. The notched Izod impact strength increased with CaCO3 content up to a maximum at about 10 vol%, and then decreased. Surface treatment of CaCO3 filler generally yielded composites of higher impact strength than untreated system. Though LICA 12 was more effective than stearic acid in modifying the filler, the low‐cost stearic acid proved to be more effective when dealing with the impact properties of composites. Moreover, the composites from a Brabender Plasti‐corder exhibited better gross uniformity than that from the twin‐screw extruder. However, good filler dispersion and uniform microscopic morphology, as revealed by SEM microscopy, was observed in the samples from the twin‐screw extruder. Polym. Compos. 25:451–460, 2004. © 2004 Society of Plastics Engineers.