bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Domestic violence: analysis of a community safety alarm system
Authors: Walker Steven 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper presents the findings of an analysis of the trial period of a local authority community alarm system adapted to protect adult and child victims of domestic violence and enable them to remain living in their own homes. The system was augmented as a response to government guidance on promoting interagency initiatives to tackle the crime of domestic violence. Qualitative and quantitative research methods were employed to seek the perceptions and experiences of referrers, service users and potential service users in the context of the administration, resource implications and cost‐effectiveness of the new system. The evaluation discovered that potential service users were anxious about police and social services involvement in relation to child care. The system was considered to be protective, enabling women and children to remain in their own homes, and relatively cheap to operate. It has the potential to provide a deterrent to perpetrators and enhance interagency cooperation in protecting children, subject to further refinement and longer‐term evaluation. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Attachment representations and factitious illness by proxy: relevance for assessment of parenting capacity in child maltreatment
Authors: Adshead Gwen , Bluglass Kerry 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe Department of Health assessment framework document indicates a need to assess parenting capacity in parents involved in child protection procedures. Parenting capacity includes an assessment of the parent's own experience of parenting as a child. In this paper, we present data from a pilot study of attachment representations in a sample of mothers exhibiting factitious illness by proxy behaviours. We suggest that attachment representations can help to explain how such mothers fail to care for their children, and argue that attachment theory generally is helpful for understanding how normal and abnormal caregiving behavioural systems develop. We conclude that it is useful to understand child maltreatment, at least in part, as a failure of caregiving in the parent as a result of parental insecurity of attachment. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A comparison of two programmes for victims of child sexual abuse: a treatment outcome study
Authors: Nolan Margretta , Carr Alan , Fitzpatrick Carol , O'Flaherty Anne , Keary Kay , Turner Rhonda , O'Shea Deirdre , Smyth Patricia , Tobin Genevieve 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of individual therapy and combined individual and group therapy in the treatment of the psychological sequelae of child sexual abuse. The Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL), the Youth Self Report form (YSR), the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) and the Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children (TSCC) were administered before treatment and 6 months later to a group of 20 young people who participated in individual therapy (IT) programmes and to a group of 18 young people who participated in programmes that involved combined individual and group therapy (IGT). For both types of programmes, statistically significant improvement occurred on the following scales: the total problems, internalizing problems, externalizing problems, withdrawn, somatic complaints, anxious/depressed, social problems, attention problems and aggressive behaviour problems CBCL scales; the total depression, interpersonal problems and anhedonia CDI scales; and the depression and anger TSCC scales. The only scale for which one therapy programme led to greater improvement than another was the CDI ineffectiveness scale. The IGT programme led to a reduction in the mean CDI ineffectiveness score, whereas a slight increase in the mean ineffectiveness score occurred in the IT group. There were no significant differences in the rates of clinically significant improvement associated with the two treatments and no major differences between cases who improved and those that did not improve over the course of therapy. From this study, it may be concluded that after 6 months, individual therapy and combined individual and group therapy were equally effective in the treatment of the psychological sequelae of child sexual abuse. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessing coronary blood flow dynamics with the TIMI frame count method: Comparison with simultaneous intracoronary Doppler and ultrasound
Authors: Tanedo Joel S. , Kelly Russell F. , Marquez Misael , Burns Durand E. , Klein Lloyd W. , Costanzo Maria Rosa , Parrillo Joseph E. , Hollenberg Steven M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis study compared the TIMI frame count (TFC), which has been proposed as a method for quantifying coronary blood flow, with coronary flow and microvascular function measured with intracoronary Doppler and intracoronary ultrasound. Coronary blood flow volume was calculated from coronary blood velocity (by intracoronary Doppler) and lumen area (by intracoronary ultrasound) in the LAD in 46 post–heart transplant patients at baseline and after intracoronary adenosine. TFC correlated significantly with average peak coronary blood velocity (r = −0.42; P = 0.004) and coronary lumen area (r = 0.39; P = 0.008), but not with coronary blood flow volume (r = −0.01; P = 0.96) or the coronary flow reserve response to adenosine (r = 0.09; P = 0.58). In conclusion, TFC is a simple method of assessing coronary blood velocity but not volumetric flow. While TFC does not predict coronary flow reserve, as a measure of velocity it does provide an assessment of basal microvascular tone, information that is complementary to that afforded by flow reserve measurements. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2001;53:459–463. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Myosin Va is locally synthesized following nerve injury
Authors: Calliari A. , Sotelo‐Silveira J. , Costa M.C. , Nogueira J. , Cameron L.C. , Kun A. , Benech J. , Sotelo J.R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe presence of Myosin Va (an actin‐based molecular motor) in the peripheral nervous system was examined and its subcellular distribution within the axons of the sciatic nerve was demonstrated via immunocytochemistry. Myosin Va (M‐Va) in the nerve was detected by using SDS‐PAGE and Western blot techniques with a polyclonal antibody specifically raised against the M‐Va globular tail domain. In addition, purification of M‐Va from the rat sciatic nerve prior to immunoblotting yielded a M‐Va standard band. Likewise, optical immunocytochemical procedures revealed the presence of M‐Va, particularly in the cortical axoplasmic territory, but also in the Schwann cell soma. The above experiments were carried out both on intact as well as on severed sciatic nerves with similar results. The proximal stumps of severed sciatic nerves (from 0 to 72 h after injury) were labelled in vivo with 35S‐methionine. SDS‐PAGE autoradiography of the immunoabsorbed M‐Va from the radiolabelled homogenized nerve tissue showed a significant increment of the radioactive intensity of M‐Va heavy chain band through time. Moreover, a significant increment of transcripts coding for M‐Va heavy chain was detected through time using RT‐PCR after nerve injury and compared to intact nerves. This data suggest that M‐Va is up‐regulated in a time‐dependent manner. The latter suggests a possible involvement of M‐Va in nerve regeneration processes. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 51:169–176, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Immunotherapy for nonmelanoma skin cancer
Authors: Urosevic Mirjana , Dummer Reinhard 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDBasal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the skin are the most common malignancies in the white human population, accounting for greater than 95% of nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSCs). Current data show an increasing incidence of NMSC in recent decades. Although the mortality is low, this cancer group is associated with substantial morbidity. Multiple treatment modalities are available for NMSC, with surgery being a “cornerstone” of current therapy approaches. However, in patients with multiple lesions or in cases of tumors on critical locations, disfigurement and the disease recurrence may represent a serious problem associated with the surgical treatment. The purpose of this study was to review and analyze whether NMSC could represent a target for immune therapy, evaluating the aspects of the availability of tumor antigens and the existence of tumor specific immune response, including a summary of the major clinical studies dealing with immunotherapy for NMSC.METHODSThe authors have reviewed the available medical literature on NMSC, with a focus on tumor immunology and associated abnormalities, as well as immunotherapy‐based treatment trials.RESULTSThe major advantage of NMSCs is that they arise from the skin, which makes them easily detectable and treatable. Furthermore, these tumors posses all the prerequisites, i.e., the presence of tumor‐associated antigens as well as the tumor specific immune response, needed for immune intervention. This also was confirmed in various studies demonstrating clinical efficacy of cytokines and other immune response modifiers.CONCLUSIONSIn addition to clinical cure, by activating and stimulating patient's immune resources this therapeutic option may be a “silver bullet,” providing a long‐term protective immunity against initial tumor. Cancer 2002;94:477–85. © 2002 American Cancer Society.
Catheter‐related infection and thrombosis of the internal jugular vein in hematologic‐oncologic patients undergoing chemotherapy
Authors: Harter Christoph , Salwender Hans Jürgen , Bach Alfons , Egerer Gerlinde , Goldschmidt Hartmut , Ho Anthony D. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDCatheter‐related venous thrombosis is one of the most frequent complications of central venous catheters (CVCs). This complication occurs in 4– 40% of patients with hematologic malignancies receiving conventional chemotherapy after placement of CVCs.METHODSThe objective of this prospective study was to assess whether a silver‐coated CVC poses an additional risk in the development of catheter‐related thrombosis in hematologic‐oncologic patients. Patients were randomized to receive either silver‐coated polyurethane catheters (BactiGuard; Metacot, Stockholm, Sweden) or uncoated standard polyurethane catheters (Cavatheter, Fresenius AG, Bad Homburg, Germany) for central venous access. Silver‐coated catheters (n = 120) and standard catheters (n = 113) were inserted into the jugular vein in 233 consecutive patients. Variables that may be significant for the development of thrombosis were comparable in the two groups. After removal of the CVC, the patency of both jugularian veins internal as well as external was assessed with real‐time ultrasound (Sonolayer‐SAL‐35A; Toshiba, Tokyo, Japan).RESULTSFour of 233 patients (1.5%) were found to have venous thrombosis. Incomplete occlusion of the internal jugular vein occurred in 2 patients (0.75%, parietal thrombosis), and complete thrombosis, although clinically silent, was found in 2 patients (0.75%). There was no difference between patients with silver‐coated and uncoated CVCs.CONCLUSIONSThe authors concluded that this novel silver‐coated CVC does not cause a higher rate of central venous thrombosis compared with standard CVCs. The low overall incidence of central venous thrombosis might be attributed to the routine application of low‐dose heparin in our patients during chemotherapeutic treatment. Cancer 2002;94:245–51. © 2002 American Cancer Society.
Quantitation of GD2 synthase mRNA by real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction
Authors: Cheung Irene Y. , Serena Lo Piccolo M. , Collins Nancy , Kushner Brian H. , Cheung Nai‐Kong V. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDAntigen ganglioside GD2 is expressed abundantly on neuroblastoma (NB) cells. Anti‐GD2 monoclonal antibody (MoAb) 3F8 kills NB cells by complement‐dependent cytotoxicity and antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Its utility in bone marrow (BM) purging is evaluated by a real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) assay to quantify the mRNA of GD2 synthase, the key enzyme in GD2 synthesis.METHODSFrom 1990 to 1993, 10 patients with relapsed/refractory Stage 4 NB participated in a pilot study. In these patients, MoAb 3F8 was used to purge tumor cells from harvested BM that had 5% or less tumor content by immunofluorescence (IF). Subsequently, 31 Stage 4 NB patients who underwent treatment on the N7 protocol (1994–1999) had their BM, which was in remission, purged by 3F8 before 131I‐3F8 myeloablative radioimmunotherapy. GD2‐positive tumor cells before and after purging were quantified by real‐time quantitative RT‐PCR of GD2 synthase.RESULTSGD2 positivity by IF was found before purging in six of eight patients in the pilot study. Five of six patients became negative postpurging. Of 31 patients on the N7 protocol, the more sensitive real‐time quantitative RT‐PCR detected GD2 synthase mRNA in the BM samples of 7 patients even though the prepurge BM samples were negative by histology and IF. Six of the seven BM samples became negative after 3F8 purging. Marker positivity before purging was statistically significant in predicting overall survival (P = 0.04), but not progression‐free survival (P = 0.1). In vitro hematopoietic stem cell recovery and the median time to engraftment were acceptable.CONCLUSIONTumor cell depletion quantified by real‐time RT‐PCR demonstrated efficacy of MoAb 3F8 in BM purging. Cancer 2002;94:3042–8. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10519
Histologic indices in biopsy specimens for estimating the probability of extended local spread in patients with rectal carcinoma
Authors: Ueno Hideki , Mochizuki Hidetaka , Shinto Eiji , Hashiguchi Yojiro , Hase Kazuo , Talbot Ian C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDAlthough precise preoperative assessment of the extent of local cancer spread is important to determine the appropriate treatment strategy, imaging modalities have not been sufficient. The aim of this study was to establish effective preoperative indices that would predict the degree of local spread in patients with rectal carcinoma.METHODSIn specimens from 437 patients with advanced rectal carcinoma, the submucosal horizontal invasive frontal region was examined histologically with reference to three unfavorable characteristics: 1) tumor “budding”, 2) poor differentiation, and 3) vascular invasion. In addition, a transanal submucosal biopsy, which targets the tumor edge, was performed on 85 patients to verify the utility of preoperative evaluation of these parameters.RESULTSMultivariate logistic analysis showed that three unfavorable parameters had independent impact on the degree of nodal involvement. These parameters related significantly to the number of lymph nodes involved, the development of extranodal tumor deposits, circumferential surgical margin involvement, and lateral pelvic lymph node metastases. Regarding patients without unfavorable parameters as a standard, the odds ratio of pelvic recurrence was 1.8 (0.9–3.4) in patients with one unfavorable parameter and 5.3 (2.7–10.2) in patients with multiple unfavorable parameters. Based on the transanal biopsy, the submucosal invasive frontal region could be estimated in 73 patients (85.9%). Among these cases, the multiple unfavorable parameters were relevant to an increased risk of extensive local spread. In addition, pelvic recurrence developed in 36% of patients with multiple unfavorable parameters (no‐risk patients, 5%; single‐risk patients, 13%).CONCLUSIONHistology in the submucosal invasive frontal region reflects the extent of local spread and can be evaluated preoperatively by transanal biopsy, which should become a useful tool for therapy selection for patients with advanced rectal carcinoma. Cancer 2002;94:2882–91. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10551
Hippocampal dependent learning ability correlates with N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptor levels in CA3 neurons of young and aged rats
Authors: Adams Michelle M. , Smith Thressa D. , Moga Diana , Gallagher Michela , Wang Yuehua , Wolfe Barry B. , Rapp Peter R. , Morrison John H. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractHippocampal N‐methyl‐D‐Aspartate (NMDA) receptors mediate mechanisms of cellular plasticity critical for spatial learning in rats. The present study examined the relationship between spatial learning and NMDA receptor expression in discrete neuronal populations, as well as the degree to which putative age‐related changes in NMDA receptors are coupled to the effects of normal aging on spatial learning. Young and aged Long‐Evans rats were tested in a Morris water maze task that depends on the integrity of the hippocampus. Levels of NR1, the obligatory subunit for a functional NMDA receptor, were subsequently quantified both biochemically by Western blot in whole homogenized hippocampus, and immunocytochemically by using a high‐resolution confocal laser scanning microscopy method. The latter approach allowed comprehensive, regional analysis of discrete elements of excitatory hippocampal circuitry. Neither method revealed global changes, nor were there region‐specific differences in hippocampal NR1 levels between young and aged animals. However, across all subjects, individual differences in spatial learning ability correlated with NR1 immunofluorescence levels selectively in CA3 neurons of the hippocampus. Parallel confocal microscopic analysis of the GluR2 subunit of the alpha‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazole proprionic acid (AMPA) receptor failed to reveal reliable differences as a function of age or spatial learning ability. This analysis linking age, performance, and NR1 levels demonstrates that although dendritic NR1 is generally preserved in the aged rat hippocampus, levels of this receptor subunit in selective elements of hippocampal circuitry are linked to spatial learning. These findings suggest that NMDA receptor abundance in CA3 bears a critical relationship to learning mediated by the hippocampus throughout the life span. J. Comp. Neurol. 432:230–243, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mono‐ and oligo‐vesicular synapses and their connectivity in a Cnidarian sensory epithelium (Coryne tubulosa)
Authors: Holtmann Mattias , Thurm Ulrich 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe spherical end‐knobs of the tentacles of capitate hydropolyps are an evolutionarily early paradigm of a chemo‐ and mechanosensory epithelium composed of four types of sensory cells and one type of chemo‐mechanosensitive nematocytes (stinging cells), all separated by supporting cells. The epithelium discriminates sites and compositions of stimuli and induces various kinds of behavior. Recent electrophysiological studies demonstrated rapid chemo‐synaptic signal transmission of nematocytes and mechanosensory hair cells, graded in amplitude and duration. The present electron microscopic work, applying serial sectioning, analyses the ultrastructural basis of signal transmission and efference control in the tentacular spheres of Coryne tubulosa, a species also used in preceding studies. Neurites of sensory cells and of proximal ganglion cells constitute a nerve plexus at the base of the ectodermal cells. No ganglion cells are located within the spheres. Chemical synapses of the usual configuration connect neurites or are efferent to nematocytes and hair cells. Each of these synapses contains only 3–10 clear and/or dense‐core vesicles of 70–150 nm diameter (oligo‐vesicular synapses). For the graded afferent signal transmission of nematocytes and hair cells, the only candidates are regularly occurring zones of neurite contacts at the base of these cells. At their presynaptic side, mostly one (more seldom two to four) large vesicles (160–1100‐nm‐diameter magno‐vesicles) are attached to a surface membrane density. In order to reconcile structural and functional data, a transient fusion and partial depletion of stationary vesicles is considered for the release of transmitter in mono‐vesicular synapses, similar to recent findings for vertebrate endocrine secretion. The same principle is discussed for the usual oligo‐vesicular synapses of Cnidaria. J. Comp. Neurol. 432:537–549, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of the intermediate filament protein nestin by sustentacular cells in mature olfactory neuroepithelium
Authors: Doyle Kharen L. , Khan Monaliza , Cunningham Anne M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe intermediate filament protein nestin has been widely used as a marker for proliferating neural progenitor cells in the nervous system. The mammalian olfactory neuroepithelium is a region of the nervous system that robustly supports ongoing neurogenesis, yet where nestin has not been reported to mark proliferating progenitors. Using immunohistochemistry, we examined nestin expression in the mature olfactory neuroepithelium and found it to be tightly restricted to the basal compartment where the olfactory neuronal progenitor cell population resides. The pattern of nestin immunoreactivity was consistent with expression by the endfeet and inferior processes of sustentacular cells rather than basal cells. Using a bank of defined antibody markers, we confirmed nestin's pattern of distribution to be different from that of cytokeratin, vimentin, GBC‐1, GAP43, and carnosine. It was highly similar to the pattern of SUS‐4 immunoreactivity in the basal region of the neuroepithelium. Following surgical bulbectomy, nestin expression was up‐regulated and became evident in the cell bodies of sustentacular cells situated more apically in the neuroepithelium. We have shown nestin to be present in the basal region of the adult olfactory neuroepithelium in the zone that supports ongoing neurogenesis in the adult, but its expression is restricted to the inferior parts of sustentacular cells rather than the neuronal progenitor cells. Nestin may play a potential role in the migration of recently proliferated olfactory neurons on the scaffolding of sustentacular cells in a manner analogous to its proposed role in radial glia during embryonic development of the central nervous system. J. Comp. Neurol. 437:186–195, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.