bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of visceral adipose tissue with gout: Observational and Mendelian randomization analyses
Authors: Xiao Wenze , Wang Qi , Liu Yining , Zhang Hui , Zou Hejian 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background:
The causal relationship between visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and gout is still unclear. We aimed to examine the potential association between them using observational and Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses.

Methods:
In the observational analyses, a total of 11,967 participants (aged 39.5 ± 11.5 years) were included from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Logistic regression models were used to investigate the association between VAT mass and the risk of gout. In two-sample MR analyses, 211 VAT mass-related independent genetic variants (derived from genome-wide association studies in 325,153 UK biobank participants) were used as instrumental variables. The random-effects inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method was used as the primary analysis. Additional sensitivity analyses were also performed to validate our results.

Results:
Observational analyses found that an increase in VAT mass (per standard deviation) was associated with a higher risk of gout after controlling for confounding factors (odds ratio [OR] = 1.27, 95% confidence intervals [CI] = 1.11–1.45). The two-sample MR analyses demonstrated a causal relationship between increased VAT mass and the risk of gout in primary analyses (OR = 1.78, 95% CI = 1.57–2.03). Sensitivity analyses also showed similar findings, including MR-Egger, weighted median, simple mode, weighted mode, and leave-one-out analyses.

Conclusions:
Observational analyses showed a robust association of VAT mass with the risk of gout. Meanwhile, MR analyses also provided evidence of a causal relationship between them. In summary, our findings suggested that targeted interventions for VAT mass may be beneficial to prevent gout.
Disparities in Access to Radiotherapy Among Hispanic/Latinx Populations in the United States
Authors: Verdini Nicholas P. , Santos Patricia Mae G. , Vicioso-Mora Yorleny M. , Rivera Amanda , Perez Carmen A. , McClelland Shearwood 
Published: October 2023

Objectives:
The Hispanic/Latinx population has consistently faced disparities in oncology access and outcomes with cancer being the leading cause of death in this population. We evaluate recent research in radiation therapy disparities among the Hispanic/Latinx population in the United States since our seminal analysis from 2017.

Methods:
A PubMed literature search was conducted for articles published from January 2017 through March 2023. Four term combinations were utilized, including: (1) “Hispanic” and “Radiotherapy” and “Disparities”, (2) “Latino” and “Radiotherapy” and “Hispanic”, (3) “Hispanic” and “Radiation” and “Disparities”, and (4) “Latino” and “Radiation” and “Disparities.” Included studies were those taking place in the United States, examined radiation oncology care, and examined health disparities.

Results:
Fifty-eight of 245 articles returned met inclusion criteria and spanned 6 disparity-types: (1) Stage at Presentation, (2) Time to Treatment Initiation & Completion, (3) Receipt of Treatment and Guideline-Concordant Care, (4) Geography, (5) Clinical Trial Access and (6) Insurance Barriers and Treatment Center Type. The most common disparity was receipt of treatment and guideline-concordant care (n=39 studies), demonstrating that the Hispanic/Latinx population was less likely to receive guideline-concordant treatment or treatment at all. In additon, studies identified disparities in time to treatment and completion (n=12), geography (n=5), clinical trial access (n=3), and insurance and treatment center access (n=5).

Conclusions:
Disparities in radiotherapy access remain prominent for the Hispanic/Latinx population through a multitude of barriers, despite increasing interest in disparities research. Continued health care disparities research with tangible interventions are needed in radiation oncology to properly understand and address this problem.
Spontaneous Regression of Primary Cutaneous Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma on Sequential FDG PET
Authors: Ghossein Jason , Petkiewicz Stephanie , Zeng Wanzhen 
Published: October 2023

Abstract:
Primary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, leg type is a rare, aggressive lymphoma characterized by skin involvement predominantly in the lower extremities. We present a case of an elderly woman with pathology diagnosis of primary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, leg type with spontaneous regression without systematic therapy documented by sequential FDG PET scans and clinical follow-up.
Residential mobility in pregnancy and potential exposure misclassification of air pollution, temperature, and greenness
Authors: Heo Seulkee , Afanasyeva Yelena , Trasande Leonardo , Bell Michelle L. , Ghassabian Akhgar 
Published: October 2023

Introduction:
Epidemiological studies commonly use residential addresses at birth to estimate exposures throughout pregnancy, ignoring residential mobility. Lack of consideration for residential mobility during pregnancy might lead to exposure misclassification that should be addressed in environmental epidemiology.

Methods:
We investigated potential exposure misclassification from estimating exposure during pregnancy by residence at delivery utilizing a prospective cohort of pregnant women in New York, United States (n = 1899; 2016–2019). We calculated exposure during pregnancy corresponding to each address for fine particles (PM2.5), temperature, and greenness (Enhanced Vegetation Index [EVI]).

Results:
Twenty-two percent of participants moved at least once during pregnancy; 82.3% of movers changed residences during the second or third trimesters. Participants with better health, lower parity, and higher socioeconomic status were more likely to move. Exposures based on address at delivery rather than residential history overestimated exposure for PM2.5 (exposure error: range −5.7 to 4.6 µg/m3, average −0.6 µg/m3) and EVI (range −0.305 to 0.307, average −0.013), but not temperature. Overestimations were significantly larger for mothers with higher socioeconomic status. Our findings indicate that the error for prenatal exposure can occur when residential mobility is not considered and is disproportional by maternal characteristics.

Conclusions:
Epidemiological studies should consider residential mobility in exposure assessments based on geolocation when possible, and results based on mother’s residence at birth should be interpreted with understanding of potential differential exposure misclassification.
Oxidative stress and antioxidants in cataract development
Authors: Lee Bryanna , Afshari Natalie A. , Shaw Peter X. 
Published: October 2023

Purpose of review
Oxidative stress plays a central role in cataract pathogenesis, a leading cause of global blindness. This review delves into the role of oxidative stress in cataract development and key biomarkers – glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) – to clarify their functions and potential applications in predictive diagnostics and therapies.

Recent findings
Antioxidants serve as pivotal markers in cataract pathogenesis. GSH affects the central lens due to factors such as enzyme depletion and altered connexin expression, impairing GSH diffusion. Age-related oxidative stress may hinder GSH transport via connexin channels or an internal microcirculation system. N-acetylcysteine, a GSH precursor, shows promise in mitigating lens opacity when applied topically. Additionally, SOD, particularly SOD1, correlates with increased cataract development and gel formulations have exhibited protective effects against posterior subscapular cataracts. Lastly, markers of lipid peroxidation, MDA and 4-HNE, have been shown to reflect disease severity. Studies suggest a potential link between 4-HNE and connexin channel modification, possibly contributing to reduced GSH levels.

Summary
Oxidative stress is a significant contributor to cataract development, underscoring the importance of antioxidants in diagnosis and treatment. Notably, GSH depletion, SOD decline, and lipid peroxidation markers are pivotal factors in cataract pathogenesis, offering promising avenues for both diagnosis and therapeutic intervention.
Pediatric nurse practitioner workforce shortage threatens child health equity: Key contributors and recommendations
Authors: Courtwright Suzanne E. , Barr Emily A. 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
The pediatric nurse practitioner (PNP) workforce shortage has begun to limit access to providers participating in Medicaid and/or the Children's Health Insurance Program, threatening child health equity in the United States. The following are key contributors: an emphasis on adult-focused NP programs and subsequent reduction in undergraduate pediatric content, common practice of student advisement to choose family NP programs, decreased PNP student enrollment leading to nonurban pediatric program closures, an acute shortage of PNP preceptors, and invisibility of the PNP workforce in national workforce data and strategic planning. We outline feasible action steps that nurses, NPs, educators, physicians, and policymakers can take to support PNP workforce growth to advance child health equity in the United States.
Pharmacogenetic testing may benefit people receiving low-dose lithium in clinical practice
Authors: Dickerson Michael Ray , Reed Jennifer 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Mental illnesses are leading causes of disability in the United States. Some evidence supports that pharmacogenetic testing may be beneficial in select populations and that lithium is beneficial for treating mood disorders and anxiety in some populations.

Purpose:
This research aimed to determine whether low-dose lithium effectively decreases depression and anxiety in adults with a risk allele for CACNA1C genotypes.

Methodology:
The study design was correlational. Fifty patients were treated at a nurse practitioner–owned clinic in Prairie Village, Kansas. Chart review was used. Adults older than 18 years diagnosed with major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, or generalized anxiety disorder presenting with an abnormality in the CACNA1C gene single-nucleotide polymorphism rs1006737 were included in this research. Assessment tools used were the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 for depression and GAD-7 for anxiety.

Results:
Low-dose lithium significantly decreased depression by 66% (p < .001) and anxiety by 65% (p = <.001). There was a significant difference in pretest depression levels based on CACNA1C genotype (p = .033). The A allele frequency was 60% higher (48%) in this population than found in general population (30%).

Conclusions:
Low-dose lithium significantly decreased anxiety and depression compared with baseline. People with different versions of the CACNA1C genotype had responses that differed significantly. The A risk allele was 60% more common than in the general population.

Implications:
This study could aid in establishing genetic testing as an effective clinical tool for treating depression and anxiety using lithium, an inexpensive and widely available medication.
Supplemental oxygen therapy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: is less is more? How much is too much?
Authors: Daher Ayham , Dreher Michael 
Published: October 2023

Purpose of review
Currently available evidence supporting the use of supplemental oxygen therapy (SOT) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is complex, and data on the mortality reduction associated with SOT usage in patients with severe daytime resting hypoxemia have not been updated since the development of other treatments.

Recent findings
No reduction in mortality was found when SOT was used in patients with moderate resting daytime, isolated nocturnal, or exercise-induced hypoxemia. However, some of these patients obtain other significant benefits during SOT, including increased exercise endurance, and a mortality reduction is possible in these ‘responders’. The adverse effects of long-term oxygen therapy also need to be considered, such as reduced mobility and social stigma. Furthermore, conservative SOT could improve outcomes in the setting of COPD exacerbations compared with higher concentration oxygen regimens. Compared with usual fixed-dose SOT, automated oxygen administration devices might reduce dyspnea during exercise and COPD exacerbations.

Summary
Current recommendations for SOT need to be revised to focus on patients who respond best and benefit most from this therapy. A conservative approach to SOT can reduce side effects compared with higher concentration oxygen regimens, and automated oxygen administration devices may help to optimize SOT.
My radius is broken – do I need a cast or is a splint enough?
Authors: Ogilvie Daniella , Liebeskind Mariel , Doyle Shevaun M. , Edobor-Osula Folorunsho 
Published: October 2023

Purpose of review
The treatment of many distal radius fractures has shifted from casting to splinting or the application of a soft dressing. This review includes a review of the types of pediatric distal radius fractures and the most recent literature on the management of these injuries.

Recent findings
Many nondisplaced distal radius fractures may be treated with removable splints or bandages. This mitigates complications with cast immobilization. Additionally, many of these injuries do not require follow-up treatment and thereby reduce healthcare costs.

Summary
This update on distal radius fractures in the pediatric population highlights changes in the treatment paradigm and demonstrates an opportunity to diminish healthcare costs.
Silencing Lnc-HES1-10 Inhibits Osteosarcoma Cells Proliferation, Invasive Ability, and Metastasis
Authors: Zhu Yingchun , Zhang Chi , Zhang Caihua , Chen Shao , Jin Zhanping 
Published: October 2023

Background:
Long noncoding RNA (LncRNA) play a vital role in the development and pathophysiology of osteosarcoma (OS). However, the LncRNA activated by HES1-10 in OS has not been furthered investigated. This present study aims to show the possible function of Lnc-HES1-10 in OS.

Methods:
Cell proliferation in vitro were assessed by the MTT assay, whereas the migration and invasion abilities of OS cell lines were measured by wound-healing migration assay and transwell invasion assay, respectively. Quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis was used to detected the expression level of HES1-10.

Results:
The present study demonstrated that the Lnc-HES1-10 is overexpressed in OS and associated with poor prognosis of patients. In addition, the results revealed that Lnc-HES1-10 is overexpressed in MG63 and 143B OS cell lines and promote proliferation on both cell lines in vitro. Furthermore, migration and invasion abilities of MG63 and 143B cells are suppressed after silencing Lnc-HES1-10.

Conclusion:
Our finding demonstrates that HES1-10 plays a crucial role in regulating OS growth and metastasis.
Concurrent Testing for COVID-19 and HIV Infection at 6 High-Volume Emergency Departments in a Priority Jurisdiction for Ending the HIV Epidemic in the United States
Authors: McNulty Moira C. , Stanford Kimberly A. , Eller Dylan , Sha Beverly E. , Purim-Shem-Tov Yanina , Kishen Ekta , Glick Nancy , Hunt Bijou , Lin Janet Y. , Maheswaran Anjana , Galvin Shannon , Turelli Robert , Schmitt Jessica , Pitrak David 
Published: October 2023

Background:
The COVID-19 pandemic caused disruptions in access to routine HIV screening.

Setting:
We assess HIV and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) testing across 6 emergency departments (EDs) in Cook County, Illinois.

Methods:
We retrospectively analyzed the number of SARS-CoV-2 tests, HIV screens, and the proportion of concurrent tests (encounters with both SARS-CoV-2 and HIV testing), correlating with diagnoses of new and acute HIV infection.

Results:
Five sites reported data from March 1, 2020, to February 28, 2021, and 1 site from September 1, 2020, to February 28, 2021. A total of 1,13,645 SARS-CoV-2 and 36,094 HIV tests were performed; 17,469 of these were concurrent tests. There were 102 new HIV diagnoses, including 25 acute infections. Concurrent testing proportions ranged from 6.7% to 37% across sites (P < 0.001). HIV testing volume correlated with the number of new diagnoses (r = 0.66, P < 0.01). HIV testing with symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 testing was strongly correlated with diagnosis of acute infections (r = 0.87, P < 0.001); this was not statistically significant when controlling for HIV testing volumes (r = 0.59, P = 0.056). Acute patients were more likely to undergo concurrent testing (21/25) versus other new diagnoses (29/77; odds ratio = 8.69, 95% CI: 2.7 to 27.8, P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
Incorporating HIV screening into SARS-CoV-2 testing in the ED can help maintain HIV screening volumes. Although all patients presenting to the ED should be offered opt-out HIV screening, testing individuals with symptoms of COVID-19 or other viral illness affords the opportunity to diagnose symptomatic acute and early HIV infection, rapidly link to care, and initiate treatment.
68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT Imaging in Brain Gliomas and Its Correlation With Clinicopathological Prognostic Parameters
Authors: Verma Priyanka , Singh Braj Kishore , Sudhan Manoharan Dwark , Singh Rupesh Kumar , Bagul Swati D. , Chandak Ashok R. , Soni Brijesh Kumar , Shelly Divya , Basu Sandip 
Published: October 2023

Background
Gliomas are the most common primary central nervous system tumors, of which the malignant gliomas account for 60%–75%. The primary and secondary brain malignancies are highly treatment resistant, and their marked angiogenesis attracts interest as a potential therapeutic target. The grade of gliomas, Ki-67 index, and IDH mutation status are among the major prognostic markers in gliomas. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a zinc-dependent peptidase that is not only expressed in prostate cancer cells but also in the tumor neovasculature. The initial PSMA PET studies in central nervous system tumors using 68Ga-HBED-CC-PSMA (68Ga-PSMA-11) PET tracer confirmed selective target expression in gliomas of different grades, with higher expression in high-grade glioma compared with low-grade glioma.

Aims and Objectives
The aim of the present study was to correlate and compare the 68Ga-PSMA-11 and 18F-FDG uptake in brain tumors with their clinicopathological prognostic parameters, so as to study their prognostic implications. In addition, the study also aimed to identify patients who are likely to benefit from potential PSMA-targeted therapies.

Patients and Methods
This ongoing prospective study was approved by the institutional scientific and medical ethics committee. The patients with primary or recurrent glioma lesions on MRI underwent regional brain PET/CT scanning with 68Ga-PSMA-11 and 18F-FDG. The final histopathology of the brain lesions (glioma grade), Ki-67 index, and IDH mutation status were compared with SUVmax values of the 68Ga-PSMA-11 and 18F-FDG PET/CT.

Results
A total of 15 patients (13 males and 2 females; age range, 21–73 years; median age, 58 years) were included in this study analysis. Among the 15 patients, 10 were treatment naive and 2 were patients with recurrent glioma. Three patients turned out to be WHO grade I–II, 6 belonged to grade III, and 6 grade IV (glioblastoma multiforme) on final histopathology. The 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT showed tracer uptake in all high-grade gliomas with good tumor-to-background ratio. It was PSMA nonavid in 2/3 low-grade gliomas, and it showed low-grade uptake in 1/3 patients. PSMA expression (as evaluated by SUVmax values) was significantly higher in higher-grade tumors, those with IDH mutation wildtype status, and higher Ki-67 indices. FDG PET SUVmax also showed significant correlation with these prognostic parameters.

Conclusions
In these preliminary results, PSMA PET appears to be an important tool in the evaluation and prognosis of gliomas. PSMA-directed theranostics can be explored as a personalized approach in gliomas with high PSMA uptake. However, with the limitation of small sample size, larger clinical trials are warranted to draw conclusive evidence regarding the same.
Randall-Type Monoclonal Immunoglobulin Deposition Disease in Bone Scintigraphy
Authors: Jacquet-Francillon Nicolas , Dijoud Frédérique , Karlin Lionel , Dietz Matthieu , Flaus Anthime , Tordo Jeremie 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Bone scintigraphy is recognized as a noninvasive alternative to endomyocardial biopsy for the diagnostic of wild-type (wATTR) and hereditary ATTR amyloidosis (hATTR). Light chain amyloidosis (AL), Randall-type monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition disease, sarcoidosis, hemochromatosis, Fabry disease, and mucopolysaccharidoses are differential diagnosis of ATTR amyloidosis. Bone scintigraphy allows visualization of extracardiac involvements of AL amyloidosis: pleural, retroperitoneal, liver, spleen, and soft tissue. We report the case of a patient who underwent bone scintigraphy for suspected ATTR amyloidosis. Bone scan showed cardiac (Perugini score 2), hepatic, and renal hyperfixation. A cardiac biopsy demonstrated a Randall-type deposit, without amyloid deposit.
Sexual Function in Women at 6 and 12 Months After Obstetric Anal Sphincter Injury: Is Pelvic Floor Physical Therapy Associated With Improved Outcomes?
Authors: Lua-Mailland Lannah L. , Wallace Shannon L. , Yao Meng , Propst Katie 
Published: October 2023

Importance
Women with obstetric anal sphincter injury (OASI) are at increased risk of postpartum sexual dysfunction. Risk persists beyond 3 years after perineal trauma in up to half of patients with OASI.

Objectives
The aims of this study were to determine if postpartum pelvic floor physical therapy (PFPT) is associated with improved sexual function after vaginal delivery with OASI and to describe sexual function in patients with OASI at 6 and 12 months postpartum.

Study Design
This is a retrospective cohort study of patients with OASI. Women were grouped according to PFPT attendance. The Postpartum Pelvic Floor and Birth Questionnaire (PPFBQ), which compares current sexual function to baseline prepregnancy sexual function, and the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) were administered at 6 and 12 months, respectively, to evaluate postpartum sexual function.

Results
Two hundred women were included. Sixty-four (32%) women attended PFPT; 136 (68%) did not attend PFPT. Patients reported worse-than-baseline sexual function at 6 months postpartum in the PPFBQ sexual activity domain, but the PFPT group had lower median score than the non-PFPT group (2.3 [2.0, 2.8] vs 2.7 [2.1, 3.1], P = 0.034), with scores <3.0 indicating worse-than-baseline functioning. The FSFI composite scores were similar between groups and showed 80.7% of the patients with OASI meeting the criteria for female sexual dysfunction at 12 months postpartum. Attendance of PFPT was not significantly associated with composite FSFI scores and most domains of PPFBQ.

Conclusions
Attendance of PFPT did not significantly impact overall sexual function in OASI patients at 6 and 12 months postpartum. Sexual function is complex and may be more effectively addressed in the postpartum period using a multidimensional approach.