bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phylogeography of an insect inhabiting ‘Sky Islands’: the relationships among genetic structures and geographical characteristics, geohistorical characteristics, and cyclical climate changes
Authors: Suzuki Hirohisa , Takenaka Masaki , Tojo Koji 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When gene flow has been restricted between populations, the genetic structure of such species often reflects geohistory and climate changes. Populations of species inhabiting high-altitude regions, known as ‘Sky Islands’, are isolated and exhibit restricted gene flow, so they often have habitat-specific genetic structures that correspond to their surrounding geographical structures. Here we focus on a limnephilid caddisfly, Rivulophilus sakaii, which inhabits the alpine zone of Japan. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted based on the mtDNA COI and 16S rRNA regions, and the nDNA 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, CAD, EF1-α, and POL-II regions; the results indicated three phylogeographically differentiated intraspecific lineages. Haplotype network and demographic analyses based on the mtDNA COI region suggested the size of the respective isolated populations has stabilized. This suggests that mountain formation in the Japanese Archipelago due to volcanic activity has resulted in barriers to migration and dispersal between high-altitude aquatic insect populations. This was inferred to be an effect of Quaternary climate changes that caused vertical distributional shifts following mountain formation, resulting in repeated connection and fragmentation of the populations. This is important supporting information with regard to discussing the effects and functions of geohistory and climatic changes on the phylogenetic evolution of organisms presently inhabiting interglacial ‘Sky Islands’.
CK1α deficiency impairs mouse uterine adenogenesis by inducing epithelial cell apoptosis through GSK3β pathway and inhibiting Foxa2 expression through p53 pathway
Authors: Zhang Di , Lu Chenyang , Zhou Yewen , Luo Xuan , Guo Hongzhou , Zhang Jinglin , Gao Qiao , Liu Hui , Shang Chongxing , Cui Sheng 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Uterine glands and their secretions are crucial for conceptus survival and implantation in rodents and humans. In mice, the development of uterine gland known as adenogenesis occurs after birth, whereas the adenogenesis in humans initiates from fetal life and completed at puberty. Uterine adenogenesis involves dynamic epithelial cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. However, it is largely unexplored about the mechanisms governing adenogenesis. CK1α plays important roles in regulating cell division, differentiation, and death, but it is unknown whether CK1α affects adenogenesis. In the current study, uterus-specific CK1α knockout female mice (Csnk1a1d/d) were infertile resulted from lack of uterine glands. Subsequent analysis revealed that CK1α deletion induced massive apoptosis in uterine epithelium by activating GSK3β, which was confirmed by injections of GSK3β inhibitor SB216763 to Csnk1a1d/d females, and the co-treatment of SB216763 and CK1 inhibitor d4476 on cultured epithelial cells. Another important finding was that our results revealed CK1α deficiency activated p53, which then blocked the expression of Foxa2, an important factor for glandular epithelium development and function. This was confirmed by that Foxa2 expression level was elevated in p53 inhibitor pifithrin-α injected Csnk1a1d/d mouse uterus and in vitro dual-luciferase reporter assay between p53 and Foxa2. Collectively, these studies reveal that CK1α is a novel factor regulating uterine adenogenesis by inhibiting epithelial cell apoptosis through GSK3β pathway and regulating Foxa2 expression through p53 pathway. Uncovering the mechanisms of uterine adenogenesis is expected to improve pregnancy success in humans and other mammals.
Reversible female contraceptives: historical, current, and future perspectives
Authors: Barton Brooke E , Erickson Jeffery A , Allred Stephanie I , Jeffries Jenna M , Stephens Kalli K , Hunter Mark I , Woodall Kirby A , Winuthayanon Wipawee 
Published: November 2023

AbstractContraception is a practice with extensive and complicated social and scientific histories. From cycle tracking, to the very first prescription contraceptive pill, to now having over-the-counter contraceptives on demand, family planning is an aspect of healthcare that has undergone and will continue to undergo several transformations through time. This review provides a comprehensive overview of current reversible hormonal and non-hormonal birth control methods as well as their mechanism of action, safety, and effectiveness specifically for individuals who can become pregnant. Additionally, we discuss the latest Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved hormonal method containing estetrol and drospirenone that has not yet been used worldwide as well as the first FDA-approved hormonal over-the-counter progestin-only pills. We also review available data on novel hormonal delivery through microchip, microneedle, and the latest FDA-approved non-hormonal methods such as vaginal pH regulators. Finally, this review will assist in advancing female contraceptive method development by underlining constructive directions for future pursuits. Information was gathered from the NCBI and Google Scholars databases using English and included publications from 1900 to present. Search terms included contraceptive names as well as efficacy, safety, and mechanism of action. In summary, we suggest that investigators consider the side effects and acceptability together with the efficacy of contraceptive candidate towards their development.
Working Through Desistance: Employment in Women’s Identity and Relational Desistance
Authors: Low Grace 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Desistance and re-entry literature has traditionally explored particular types of women’s relationships and social roles (such as maternal identities and familial relationships), while neglecting the potential for employment and work-related roles to support change. Through interviews with 15 (predominantly Indigenous) women with histories of imprisonment in Aotearoa New Zealand, this article contributes to feminist literature on women’s desistance by exploring the role of employment in their change. The article explores how women (particularly Indigenous women) face significant barriers to employment, based on multiple sites of inequality. It also explores how employment (and employers) can support women’s identity and relational desistance. It is argued that policy and practice should recognize and attempt to leverage the beneficial effects of employment on women’s desistance.
Prevention of incisional hernia with retrorectus synthetic mesh versus biological mesh following loop ileostomy closure (Preloop trial)
Authors: Mäkäräinen Elisa J , Wiik Heikki T , Kössi Jyrki A O , Pinta Tarja M , Mäntymäki Leena-Mari J , Mattila Anne K , Nikki Marko J , Järvinen Jyri E , Ohtonen Pasi P , Rautio Tero T 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
The rate of incisional hernia after closure of a temporary loop ileostomy is significant. Synthetic meshes are still commonly avoided in contaminated wounds. The Preloop trial was a multicentre RCT designed to evaluate the benefits of synthetic mesh in incisional hernia prevention, and its safety for use in a contaminated surgical site compared with biological mesh.

Methods
Study patients who underwent closure of a loop ileostomy after anterior resection for rectal cancer were assigned to receive either retrorectus synthetic or biological mesh to prevent incisional hernia. The primary outcomes were surgical-site infections within 30 days, and clinical or radiological incisional hernia incidence at 10 months. Secondary outcomes were reoperation rate, operating time, duration of hospital stay, other complications within 30 days of surgery, 5-year quality of life measured by RAND-36, and incisional hernia incidence within 5 years of follow-up.

Results
Between November 2018 and September 2021, 102 patients were randomised, of whom 97 received the intended allocation. At 10-month follow-up, 90 patients had undergone clinical evaluation and 88 radiological evaluation. One patient in each group (2 per cent) had a clinical diagnosis of incisional hernia (P = 0.950) and one further patient in each group had a CT-confirmed incisional hernia (P = 0.949). The number of other complications, reoperation rate, operating time, and duration of hospital stay did not differ between the study groups.

Conclusion
Synthetic mesh appeared comparable to biological mesh in efficacy and safety for incisional hernia prevention at the time of loop ileostomy closure.

Registration number
NCT03445936 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov).
Multi-omics analysis revealed the regulation mode of intratumor microorganisms and microbial signatures in gastrointestinal cancer
Authors: Wang Siqi , Liu Pei , Yu Jie , Liu Tongxiang 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Objective
Gastrointestinal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world, and its incidence rate is always high. In recent years, research has shown that microorganisms may play a broad role in the diagnosis, pathogenesis, and treatment of cancer.

Methods
In this study, samples were first classified according to the microbial expression data of Gastrointestinal cancer, followed by functional enrichment and Immunoassay. In order to better understand the role of intratumor microorganisms in the prognosis, we screened gene signatures and constructed risk model through univariate cox and lasso regression and multivariable cox, then screened microbial signatures using zero-inflated model regression model and constructed risk index (RI), and finally predicted the immunotherapeutic effect of the risk model.

Results
The results indicate that the composition of tumor microorganisms in the C3 subtype is closely related to tumor angiogenesis, and there is a significant difference in the proportion of innate and acquired immune cells between the C2 and C1 subtypes, as well as differences in the physiological functions of immune cells. There are significant differences in the expression of microbial signatures between high and low risk subtypes, with 9 microbial signatures upregulated in high risk subtypes and 15 microbial signatures upregulated in low risk subtypes. These microbial signatures were significantly correlated with the prognosis of patients. The results of immunotherapy indicate that immunotherapy for high-risk subtypes is more effective.

Conclusion
Overall, we analyze from the perspective of microorganisms within tumors, pointing out new directions for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer.
Dermoscopic characteristics of cutaneous larva migrans in dark skin: a study from Banjul, The Gambia
Authors: Enechukwu Nkechi A , Ogun Gabriel O , Malachy Divinefavour Echezona , Errichetti Enzo , Rudnicka Lidia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Cutaneous larva migrans (CLM) results from hookworm larvae infestation, mainly Ancylostoma braziliense or Ancylostoma caninum. It is common in Sub-Saharan Africa, often acquired through soil contact, especially in sandy beaches, manifesting as serpiginous, erythematous and intensely pruritic tracts within the epidermis, and presenting with diverse clinical appearances. Diagnosis is mostly clinical; however, dermoscopy can enhance diagnostic accuracy and distinction from mimics. The current body of literature is deficient in its representation of dermoscopic data for CLM in Black patients. This study explores dermoscopy in nine dark-skinned patients with 16 CLM lesions. Distinctive serpiginous structureless areas displaying a range of colours, peripheral scales surrounding brown areas and brown dots were predominant features, whereas vascular characteristics were less evident. This article highlights the presence of distinct reaction patterns, including brown dots, scales, and accentuated, often disrupted brown reticular lines in addition to the characteristic winding tracts in darker skin.
Hidradenitis suppurativa disease control associated with type of hormonal contraceptive use
Authors: Huang Charles Y , Shah Saloni A , Cochrane Mikayla , Douglas Annyella , Yang Sherry 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a painful chronic skin condition of apocrine gland regions. This retrospective cohort study aimed to assess the impact of hormonal contraception type on HS disease control in adult women. In total, 160 patients were included, with the majority identifying as Black or African American (73.1%). Multivariate logistic regression showed that oestrogen–progesterone users were 3.14 times more likely to experience stable or improved HS than progesterone-only users (adjusted odds ratio 3.14, 95% CI 1.18–8.35; P = 0.02). Further investigation is needed to elucidate the antiandrogenic mechanisms affecting HS symptom response to hormonal contraceptives.
Unlocking the link: how hippocampal glutathione–glutamate coupling predicts cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis patients
Authors: Li Fuyan , Zong Wei , Xin Chenxi , Ren Fuxin , Li Ning , Li Honghao , Li Xiao , Wu Lili , Dai Zongrui , Chen Weibo , Li Muwei , Gao Fei , Wang Guangbin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Cognitive impairment is a common symptom of multiple sclerosis and profoundly impacts quality of life. Glutathione (GSH) and glutamate (Glu) are tightly linked in the brain, participating in cognitive function. However, GSH–Glu couplings in cognitive brain regions and their relationship with cognitive impairment in relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) remains unclear. Forty-one RRMS patients and 43 healthy controls underwent magnetic resonance spectroscopy to measure GSH and Glu levels in the posterior cingulate cortex, medial prefrontal cortex and left hippocampus. Neuropsychological tests were used to evaluate the cognitive function. The Glu/GSH ratio was used to indicate the coupling between GSH and Glu and was tested as a predictor of cognitive performance. The results show that RRMS patients exhibited reduced hippocampal GSH and Glu levels, which were found to be significant predictors of worse verbal and visuospatial memory, respectively. Moreover, GSH levels were dissociated from Glu levels in the left hippocampus of RRMS patients. Hippocampal Glu/GSH ratio is significantly correlated with processing speed and has a greater predictive effect. Here we show the hippocampal Glu/GSH ratio could serve as a new potential marker for characterizing cognitive impairment in RRMS, providing a new direction for clinical detection of cognitive impairment.
White matter fiber integrity and structural brain network topology: implications for balance function in postischemic stroke patients
Authors: Li Ling-Ling , Wu Jia-Jia , Ma Jie , Li Yu-Lin , Xue Xin , Li Kun-Peng , Jin Jing , Hua Xu-Yun , Zheng Mou-Xiong , Xu Jian-Guang 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that ischemic stroke can result in white matter fiber injury and modifications in the structural brain network. However, the relationship with balance function scores remains insufficiently explored. Therefore, this study aims to explore the alterations in the microstructural properties of brain white matter and the topological characteristics of the structural brain network in postischemic stroke patients and their potential correlations with balance function. We enrolled 21 postischemic stroke patients and 21 age, sex, and education-matched healthy controls (HC). All participants underwent balance function assessment and brain diffusion tensor imaging. Tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) were used to compare the fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, axial diffusivity, and radial diffusivity of white matter fibers between the two groups. The white matter structural brain network was constructed based on the automated anatomical labeling atlas, and we conducted a graph theory-based analysis of its topological properties, including global network properties and local node properties. Additionally, the correlation between the significant structural differences and balance function score was analyzed. The TBSS results showed that in comparison to the HC, postischemic stroke patients exhibited extensive damage to their whole-brain white matter fiber tracts (P &lt; 0.05). Graph theory analysis showed that in comparison to the HC, postischemic stroke patients exhibited statistically significant reductions in the values of global efficiency, local efficiency, and clustering coefficient, as well as an increase in characteristic path length (P &lt; 0.05). In addition, the degree centrality and nodal efficiency of some nodes in postischemic stroke patients were significantly reduced (P &lt; 0.05). The white matter fibers of the entire brain in postischemic stroke patients are extensively damaged, and the topological properties of the structural brain network are altered, which are closely related to balance function. This study is helpful in further understanding the neural mechanism of balance function after ischemic stroke from the white matter fiber and structural brain network topological properties.
Metagenomic Thermometer
Authors: Kurokawa Masaomi , Higashi Koichi , Yoshida Keisuke , Sato Tomohiko , Maruyama Shigenori , Mori Hiroshi , Kurokawa Ken 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Various microorganisms exist in environments, and each of them has its optimal growth temperature (OGT). The relationship between genomic information and OGT of each species has long been studied, and one such study revealed that OGT of prokaryotes can be accurately predicted based on the fraction of seven amino acids (IVYWREL) among all encoded amino-acid sequences in its genome. Extending this discovery, we developed a ‘Metagenomic Thermometer’ as a means of predicting environmental temperature based on metagenomic sequences. Temperature prediction of diverse environments using publicly available metagenomic data revealed that the Metagenomic Thermometer can predict environmental temperatures with small temperature changes and little influx of microorganisms from other environments. The accuracy of the Metagenomic Thermometer was also confirmed by a demonstration experiment using an artificial hot water canal. The Metagenomic Thermometer was also applied to human gut metagenomic samples, yielding a reasonably accurate value for human body temperature. The result further suggests that deep body temperature determines the dominant lineage of the gut community. Metagenomic Thermometer provides a new insight into temperature-driven community assembly based on amino-acid composition rather than microbial taxa.
Antibody Responses to Influenza Vaccination are Diminished in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease on Infliximab or Tofacitinib
Authors: Liu Zhigang , Alexander James L , Yee Eng Kai , Ibraheim Hajir , Anandabaskaran Sulak , Saifuddin Aamir , Constable Laura , Castro Seoane Rocio , Bewshea Claire , Nice Rachel , D’Mello Andrea , Jones Gareth R , Balarajah Sharmili , Fiorentino Francesca , Sebastian Shaji , Irving Peter M , Hicks Lucy C , Williams Horace R T , Kent Alexandra J , Linger Rachel , Parkes Miles , Kok Klaartje , Patel Kamal V , Teare Julian P , Altmann Daniel M , Boyton Rosemary J , Hart Ailsa L , Lees Charlie W , Goodhand James R , Kennedy Nicholas A , Pollock Katrina M , Ahmad Tariq , Powell Nick 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background and Aims
We sought to determine whether six commonly used immunosuppressive regimens were associated with lower antibody responses after seasonal influenza vaccination in patients with inflammatory bowel disease [IBD].

Methods
We conducted a prospective study including 213 IBD patients and 53 healthy controls: 165 who had received seasonal influenza vaccine and 101 who had not. IBD medications included infliximab, thiopurines, infliximab and thiopurine combination therapy, ustekinumab, vedolizumab, or tofacitinib. The primary outcome was antibody responses against influenza/A H3N2 and A/H1N1, compared to controls, adjusting for age, prior vaccination, and interval between vaccination and sampling.

Results
Lower antibody responses against influenza A/H3N2 were observed in patients on infliximab (geometric mean ratio 0.35 [95% confidence interval 0.20–0.60], p = 0.0002), combination of infliximab and thiopurine therapy (0.46 [0.27–0.79], p = 0.0050), and tofacitinib (0.28 [0.14–0.57], p = 0.0005) compared to controls. Lower antibody responses against A/H1N1 were observed in patients on infliximab (0.29 [0.15–0.56], p = 0.0003), combination of infliximab and thiopurine therapy (0.34 [0.17–0.66], p = 0.0016), thiopurine monotherapy (0.46 [0.24–0.87], p = 0.017), and tofacitinib (0.23 [0.10–0.56], p = 0.0013). Ustekinumab and vedolizumab were not associated with reduced antibody responses against A/H3N2 or A/H1N1. Vaccination in the previous year was associated with higher antibody responses to A/H3N2. Vaccine-induced anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody concentration weakly correlated with antibodies against H3N2 [r = 0.27; p = 0.0004] and H1N1 [r = 0.33; p &lt; 0.0001].

Conclusions
Vaccination in both the 2020–2021 and 2021–2022 seasons was associated with significantly higher antibody responses to influenza/A than no vaccination or vaccination in 2021–2022 alone. Infliximab and tofacitinib are associated with lower binding antibody responses to influenza/A, similar to COVID-19 vaccine-induced antibody responses.
Cancer Biology or Ineffective Surveillance? A Multicentre Retrospective Analysis of Colitis-Associated Post-Colonoscopy Colorectal Cancers
Authors: Kabir Misha , Thomas-Gibson Siwan , Ahmad Ahmir , Kader Rawen , Al-Hillawi Lulia , Mcguire Joshua , David Lewis , Shah Krishna , Rao Rohit , Vega Roser , East James E , Faiz Omar D , Hart Ailsa L , Wilson Ana 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background and Aims
Inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] is associated with high rates of post-colonoscopy colorectal cancer [PCCRC], but further in-depth qualitative analyses are required to determine whether they result from inadequate surveillance or aggressive IBD cancer evolution.

Methods
All IBD patients who had a colorectal cancer [CRC] diagnosed between January 2015 and July 2019 and a recent [&lt;4 years] surveillance colonoscopy at one of four English hospital trusts underwent root cause analyses as recommended by the World Endoscopy Organisation to identify plausible PCCRC causative factors.

Results
In total, 61% [n = 22/36] of the included IBD CRCs were PCCRCs. They developed in patients with high cancer risk factors [77.8%; n = 28/36] requiring annual surveillance, yet 57.1% [n = 20/35] had inappropriately delayed surveillance. Most PCCRCs developed in situations where [i] an endoscopically unresectable lesion was detected [40.9%; n = 9/22], [ii] there was a deviation from the planned management pathway [40.9%; n = 9/22], such as service-, clinician- or patient-related delays in acting on a detected lesion, or [iii] lesions were potentially missed as they were typically located within areas of active inflammation or post-inflammatory change [36.4%; n = 8/22].

Conclusions
IBD PCCRC prevention will require more proactive strategies to reduce endoscopic inflammatory burden, and to improve lesion optical characterization, adherence to recommended surveillance intervals, and patient acceptance of prophylactic colectomy. However, the significant proportion appearing to originate from non-adenomatous-looking mucosa which fail to yield neoplasia on biopsy yet display aggressive cancer evolution highlights the limitations of current surveillance. Emerging molecular biomarkers may play a role in enhancing cancer risk stratification in future clinical practice.