bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mitochondrial Ca2+efflux controls neuronal metabolism and long-term memory across species
Authors: Vishwanath Anjali Amrapali , Comyn Typhaine , Chintaluri Chaitanya , Ramon-Duaso Carla , Fan Ruolin , Sivakumar Riya , Lopez-Manzaneda Mario , Preat Thomas , Vogels Tim P. , Rangaraju Vidhya , Busquets-Garcia Arnau , Placais Pierre-Yves , Pavlowsky Alice , de Juan-Sanz Jaime 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWhile impairing neuronal metabolism limits brain performance, it remains poorly understood whether enhancing metabolism in neurons, in contrast, could boost brain function. We find that reducing the expression of the mitochondrial H+/Ca2+exchanger Letm1 results in increased Ca2+retention in the mitochondrial matrix of firing neurons, which overactivates neuronal metabolism in flies and rodents. We find that upscaled metabolic states in active neurons of central memory circuits of flies and mice enable storing long-term memories in training paradigms in which wild-type counterparts of both species fail to remember. Our findings unveil an evolutionarily conserved mechanism that controls mitochondrial metabolism in active neurons and prove its crucial role in governing higher brain functions, such as long-term memory formation.Highlights-Letm1 controls activity-driven mitochondrial Ca2+efflux in neurons-Increased mitochondrial Ca2+retention during activity overactivates neuronal metabolism-Activity-driven upscaling of neuronal metabolism facilitates long-term olfactory memory in flies and mice
Late stages of the Zika virus life cycle are impaired by a selective TRPML2 agonist
Authors: Schwickert Kerstin K. , Glitscher Mirco , Bender Daniela , Murra Robin , Schwickert Kevin , Pfalzgraf Steffen , Schirmeister Tanja , Hellmich Ute A. , Hildt Eberhard 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe flavivirus genus includes human pathogenic viruses such as Dengue (DENV), West Nile (WNV) and Zika virus (ZIKV) posing a global health threat due to limited treatment options. Ion channels are crucial for various viral life cycle stages, but their potential as targets for antivirals is often not fully realized due to the lack of selective modulators. Here, we observe that the human endolysosomal cation channel TRPML2 agonist ML2-SA1 impairs the late life cycle stages of ZIKV, thus underscoring TRPML2 as a promising antiviral target. Upon treatment with ML2-SA1, levels of intracellular genomes and number of released virus particles of two different ZIKV isolates were significantly reduced. ML2-SA1-treated cells displayed enlarged vesicular structures and multivesicular bodies with ZIKV envelope protein accumulation. However, no increased ZIKV degradation in lysosomal compartments was observed. Rather, the antiviral effect of ML2-SA1 seemed to manifest by the compound’s negative impact on genome replication. Moreover, ML2-SA1 treatment also led to intracellular cholesterol accumulation. ZIKV as well as many other viruses including the Orthohepevirus Hepatitis E virus (HEV) rely on the endolysosomal system and are affected by intracellular cholesterol levels to complete their life cycle. Since we observed ML2-SA1 to also negatively impact HEV infections in vitro, this compound may harbor a broader antiviral potential through perturbing the intracellular cholesterol distribution. Besides underscoring the potential of TRPML2 as a promising target for combatting viral infections, we uncover a tentative connection between this protein and cholesterol distribution within the context of infectious diseases.
Subcortical origin of nonlinear sound encoding in auditory cortex
Authors: Lohse Michael , King Andrew J , Willmore Ben DB 
Published: February 2024

SummaryA major challenge in neuroscience is to understand how neural representations of sensory information are transformed by the network of ascending and descending connections in each sensory system. By recording from neurons at several levels of the auditory pathway, we show that much of the nonlinear encoding of complex sounds in auditory cortex can be explained by transformations in the midbrain and thalamus. Modeling cortical neurons in terms of their inputs across these subcortical populations enables their responses to be predicted with unprecedented accuracy. In contrast, subcortical responses cannot be predicted from descending cortical inputs, indicating that ascending transformations are irreversible, resulting in increasingly lossy, higher-order representations across the auditory pathway. Rather, auditory cortex selectively modulates the nonlinear aspects of thalamic auditory responses and the functional connectivity between subcortical neurons, without affecting the linear encoding of sound. These findings reveal the fundamental role of subcortical transformations in shaping cortical responses.
Growth-accelerating factors of green finance for green growth: a study using TISM
Authors: Kharb Ravita , Shri Charu , Saini Neha 
Published: February 2024

PurposeThe objective is to develop an empirical model estimating the relationship and interaction amongst the factors affecting and enhancing green finance (GF) in developing economies like India.Design/methodology/approachAround nine growth-accelerating enablers of green financing were found through literature and unstructured interviews and analysed using the total interpretive structural modelling (TISM) method. The hierarchical link between each factor is established using TISM, and further to evaluate the driver-dependent relationship the Matriced’ Impacts Croises Appliquee Aaun Classement (MICMAC) approach is utilised.FindingsThe findings demonstrate an interrelationship between growth-accelerating factors, where the political environment and information and communication technology (ICT), have minimal dependency but a strong driving force. Political environment and ICT are found as strategic-level factors lying at the bottom of the model driving towards the dependent variables. The government should focus on enacting effective policies such as the green credit guarantee scheme and carbon credit and establishing a regulatory framework to enhance green financing.Research limitations/implicationsThis study examines the literature to generalise the findings and focus on the primary motivators for developing green financing. To increase green financial activity, practitioners must concentrate on aspects with significant driving forces. Furthermore, it makes organisations more profitable, efficient and competitive and promotes long-term growth.Originality/valueThe study is the first in the literature which identifies the growth-accelerating factors of green financing using the TISM and MICMAC-based hierarchical models.
The impact of CEO narcissism and optimism on capital structure under pandemic conditions
Authors: Fedorova Elena , Nevredinov Alexandr , Drogovoz Pavel 
Published: February 2024

PurposeThe purpose of our study is to study the impact of chief executive officer (CEO) optimism and narcissism on the company's capital structure.Design/methodology/approach(1) The authors opt for regression, machine learning and text analysis to explore the impact of narcissism and optimism on the capital structure. (2) We analyze CEO interviews and employ three methods to evaluate narcissism: the dictionary proposed by Anglin, which enabled us to assess the following components: authority, superiority, vanity and exhibitionism; count of first-person singular and plural pronouns and count of CEO photos displayed. Following this approach, we were able to make a more thorough assessment of corporate narcissism. (3) Latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) technique helped to find the differences in the corporate rhetoric of narcissistic and non-narcissistic CEOs and to find differences between the topics of interviews and letters provided by narcissistic and non-narcissistic CEOs.FindingsOur research demonstrates that narcissism has a slight and nonlinear impact on capital structure. However, our findings suggest that there is an impact of pessimism and uncertainty under pandemic conditions when managers predicted doom and completely changed their strategies. We applied various approaches to estimate the gender distribution of CEOs and found that the median values of optimism and narcissism do not depend on sex. Using LDA, we examined the content and key topics of CEO interviews, defined as positive and negative. There are some differences in the topics: narcissistic CEOs are more likely to speak about long-term goals, projects and problems; they often talk about their brand and business processes.Originality/valueFirst, we examine the COVID-19 pandemic period and evaluate how CEO optimism and pessimism affect their financial decisions under specific external conditions. The pandemic forced companies to shift the way they worked: either to switch to the remote work model or to interrupt operations; to lose or, on the contrary, attract clients. In addition, during this period, corporate management can have a different outlook on their company’s financial performance and goals. The LDA technique helped to find the differences in the corporate rhetoric of narcissistic and non-narcissistic CEOs. Second, we use three methods to evaluate narcissism. Third, the research is based on a set of advanced methods: machine learning techniques (random forest to reveal a nonlinear impact of CEO optimism and narcissism on capital structure).
Calcium supplementation for the prevention of pre‐eclampsia: Challenging the evidence from meta‐analyses
Authors: Wright David , Wright Alan , Magee Laura A. , Von Dadelszen Peter , Nicolaides Kypros H. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the validity of the conclusion from Cochrane reviews and meta‐analyses that treatment with calcium supplementation during pregnancy reduces the risk for pre‐eclampsia by 55%, which has been influential in international guidelines and future research.DesignSensitivity analysis of data from Cochrane reviews of trials evaluating high‐dose calcium supplementation (of at least 1 g/day) for reduction of pre‐eclampsia risk.SettingSystematic review and meta‐analysis.PopulationThe Cochrane reviews and meta‐analyses included 13 trials enrolling a total of 15 730 women. Random‐effects meta‐analysis of these studies resulted in a mean risk ratio (RR, calcium/placebo) of 0.45 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.31–0.65; p < 0.0001).MethodsWe carried out a sensitivity analysis of evidence from the relevant Cochrane review, to examine the impact of study size.Main outcome measurespre‐eclampsia.ResultsIn the three largest studies, accounting for 13 815 (88%) of total recruitment, mean RR was 0.92 (95% CI 0.80–1.06) and there was no evidence of heterogeneity between studies (I2 = 0). With inclusion of the smaller studies, mean RR decreased to 0.45 and I2 increased to 70%.ConclusionsIn assessment of the effect of calcium supplementation on pre‐eclampsia risk, the naive focus on the mean of the random‐effects meta‐analysis in the presence of substantial heterogeneity is highly misleading.
Machine learning improves the prediction of significant fibrosis in Asian patients with metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease – The Gut and Obesity in Asia (GO‐ASIA) Study
Authors: Verma Nipun , Duseja Ajay , Mehta Manu , De Arka , Lin Huapeng , Wong Vincent Wai‐Sun , Wong Grace Lai‐Hung , Rajaram Ruveena Bhavani , Chan Wah‐Kheong , Mahadeva Sanjiv , Zheng Ming‐Hua , Liu Wen‐Yue , Treeprasertsuk Sombat , Prasoppokakorn Thaninee , Kakizaki Satoru , Seki Yosuke , Kasama Kazunori , Charatcharoenwitthaya Phunchai , Sathirawich Phalath , Kulkarni Anand , Purnomo Hery Djagat , Kamani Lubna , Lee Yeong Yeh , Wong Mung Seong , Tan Eunice X. X. , Young Dan Yock 
Published: February 2024

SummaryBackgroundThe precise estimation of cases with significant fibrosis (SF) is an unmet goal in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD/MASLD).AimsWe evaluated the performance of machine learning (ML) and non‐patented scores for ruling out SF among NAFLD/MASLD patients.MethodsTwenty‐one ML models were trained (N = 1153), tested (N = 283), and validated (N = 220) on clinical and biochemical parameters of histologically‐proven NAFLD/MASLD patients (N = 1656) collected across 14 centres in 8 Asian countries. Their performance for detecting histological‐SF (≥F2fibrosis) were evaluated with APRI, FIB4, NFS, BARD, and SAFE (NPV/F1‐score as model‐selection criteria).ResultsPatients aged 47 years (median), 54.6% males, 73.7% with metabolic syndrome, and 32.9% with histological‐SF were included in the study. Patients with SFvs.no‐SF had higher age, aminotransferases, fasting plasma glucose, metabolic syndrome, uncontrolled diabetes, and NAFLD activity score (p < 0.001, each). ML models showed 7%–12% better discrimination than FIB‐4 to detect SF. Optimised random forest (RF) yielded best NPV/F1 in overall set (0.947/0.754), test set (0.798/0.588) and validation set (0.852/0.559), as compared to FIB4 in overall set (0.744/0.499), test set (0.722/0.456), and validation set (0.806/0.507). Compared to FIB‐4, RF could pick 10 times more patients with SF, reduce unnecessary referrals by 28%, and prevent missed referrals by 78%. Age, AST, ALT fasting plasma glucose, and platelet count were top features determining the SF. Sequential use of SAFE < 140 and FIB4 < 1.2 (when SAFE > 140) was next best in ruling out SF (NPV of 0.757, 0.724 and 0.827 in overall, test and validation set).ConclusionsML with clinical, anthropometric data and simple blood investigations perform better than FIB‐4 for ruling out SF in biopsy‐proven Asian NAFLD/MASLD patients.
Stable iron (58Fe) isotopic measurements in Kenyan toddlers during 3 months of iron supplementation demonstrate that half of the iron absorbed is lost
Authors: Giorgetti Ambra , Nyilima Suzane , Stoffel Nicole U. , Moretti Diego , Mwasi Edith , Karanja Simon , Zeder Christophe , Speich Cornelia , Netland Catalina , Jin Zhezhen , Zimmermann Michael B. , Brittenham Gary M. 
Published: February 2024

SummaryIncreased iron loss may reduce the effectiveness of iron supplementation. The objective of this study was to determine if daily oral iron supplementation increases iron loss, measured using a stable isotope of iron (58Fe). We enrolled and dewormed 24 iron‐depleted Kenyan children, 24–27 months of age, whose body iron was enriched and equilibrated with 58Fe given at least 1 year earlier. Over 3 months of supplementation (6 mg iron/kg body weight [BW]/day), mean (±SD) iron absorption was 1.10 (±0.28) mg/day. During supplementation, 0.55 (±0.36) mg iron/day was lost, equal to half of the amount of absorbed iron. Supplementation did not increase faecal haem/porphyrin or biomarkers of enterocyte damage and gut or systemic inflammation. Using individual patient data, we examined iron dose, absorption and loss among all available long‐term iron isotopic studies of supplementation. Expressed in terms of body weight, daily iron loss was correlated significantly with iron absorption (Pearson's r = 0.66 [95% confidence interval 0.48–0.78]) but not with iron dose (r = 0.16 [95% CI −0.10–0.40]). The results of this study indicate that iron loss is increased with daily oral iron supplementation and may blunt the efficacy of iron supplements in children. This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT04721964.
Soil carbon, nutrient, and vegetation dynamics of an old Anogeissus grove in Mole National Park, Ghana
Authors: Logah Vincent , Abubakari Farida , Issifu Hamza , Adjei‐Gyapong Thomas , Baidoo Emmanuel , Abubakari Awudu , Okonkwo Gerard , Hamelink Jaap , Pyck Maaike , Ocansey Caleb Melenya , Tetteh Erasmus Narteh , Ametsitsi George K. D. , Veenendaal Elmar 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFormation of forest islands in West Africa has been linked to anthropogenic soil improvement resulting in luxuriant tree growth in otherwise open savanna landscapes. However, there is limited understanding of how such unique ecosystems modulate soil carbon (C) dynamics and nutrient cycling. In this study, we report soil nutrient characteristics and two distinct soil organic carbon pools of Anogeissus grove (forest island) associated with abandoned village sites of the Mole National Park in the Guinea savanna or tropical continental climatic zone of Ghana, taking opportunity of a previously published study in Biotropica in 1978. We compared present‐day differences in soil characteristics between the previously studied forest grove and adjoining open savanna in the Park and evaluated vegetation dynamics since first measurement in 1974. Overall, we see changes related to self‐thinning and expansion of the grove on a decadal timescale. Soil organic matter and available phosphorus contents were greater in the grove and increased by 19.6% and 18.7%, respectively over time, showing persistence after four decades. Mineral‐associated organic carbon (MAOC) differed significantly (p < .05) between the vegetation types, being 3.44% in the grove and 2.34% in the savanna. The grove was ca. 25% greater in particulate organic carbon (POC) content than the savanna. In both vegetation types, >55% of carbon was stabilized in the mineral fraction. Our study demonstrates long‐term human impacts on soil and vegetation and offers a clear nature‐based solution for climate change mitigation through sustainable land management by indigenous people toward achievement of the “4p1000” initiative.
A novel deep learning‐based bioacoustic approach for identification of look‐alike white‐eye (Zosterops) species traded in wildlife markets
Authors: Su Shan , Gu Dahe , Lai Jun‐Yu , Arcilla Nico , Su Tai‐Yuan 
Published: February 2024

The songbird trade crisis in East and South East Asia has been fuelled by high demand, driving many species to the brink of extinction. This demand, driven by the desire for songbirds as pets, for singing competitions and for prayer animal release has led to the overexploitation of numerous species and the introduction and spread of invasive alien species and diseases to novel environments. The ability to identify traded species efficiently and accurately is crucial for monitoring bird trade markets, protecting threatened species and enforcing wildlife laws. Citizen scientists can make major contributions to these conservation efforts but may be constrained by difficulties in distinguishing ‘look‐alike’ bird species traded in markets. To address this challenge, we developed a novel deep learning‐based Artificial Intelligence (AI) bioacoustic tool to enable citizen scientists to identify bird species traded in markets. To this end, we used three major avian vocalization databases to access bioacoustic data for 15 morphologically similar White‐eye (Zosterops) species that are commonly traded in Asian wildlife markets. Specifically, we employed the Inception v3 pre‐trained model to classify the 15 White‐eye species and ambient sound (i.e. non‐bird sound) using 448 bird recordings we obtained. We converted recordings into spectrogram (i.e. image form) and used eight image augmentation methods to enhance the performance of the AI neural network through training and validation. We found that recall, precision and F1 score increased as the amount of data augmentation increased, resulting in up to 91.6% overall accuracy and an F1 score of 88.8% for identifying focal species. Through the application of bioacoustics and deep learning, this approach would enable citizen scientists and law enforcement officials efficiently and accurately to identify prohibited trade in threatened species, making important contributions to conservation.
Linking socio‐economic metabolism models and simulation games: Reflections on benefits and challenges
Authors: Roca‐Puigròs Marta , Gerber Andreas , Ulrich Markus , Reich Matthias Y. , Beat Müller Daniel , Wäger Patrick 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSimulation models of socio‐economic metabolisms (SEM) are increasingly used to address questions regarding environmental issues. SEM studies often focus on target audiences such as researchers and decision‐makers by means of scientific articles, reports, and oral presentations. In this contribution, we study the linkage of SEM models and simulation games (SGs) (i) to widen the audience of SEM research to include the general public, who, through their lifestyles, contribute to the studied environmental issues, and (ii) to address the different audiences by means of interaction tools. We illustrate the link through a case study, the postfossilCities SG. Based on the case study, existing SGs, and literature, we identified that linking SEM models with SGs can facilitate (1) the accessibility of SEM models to wider audiences, (2) the communication and understanding of systems with complex dynamics, such as nonlinear behavior, through tools that trigger experiences and emotions, (3) the consideration of actors' dimension of physical systems, and (4) the robustness of SGs by having mass‐ and energy‐balance consistent representations of physical systems. Despite these benefits, linking SEM models and SGs is also bound to challenges, such as (1) the integration of approaches from different disciplines, (2) the high demand on time and financial resources, and (3) the balance between simplification and complexity. In order to facilitate the link between SEM models and SGs, and thus exploit the mentioned benefits, it is important to set‐up connections to game‐related communities and communities with long tradition of using SGs, and use existing game development methods.
How Deep‐Level and Surface‐Level Board Diversity, Formal and Informal Social Structures Affect Innovation
Authors: Chen Guoli , Hsu Po‐Hsuan , Lee Yen Teik , Mack Daniel Z. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDespite a growing interest in understanding how board diversity shapes firms’ innovation, findings about the impact of board diversity have remained mixed. In this paper, we conceptualize board diversity as two forms – deep‐level and surface‐level – and find that these two forms of board diversity have opposing effects on a firm's innovation. We also theorize how formal and informal social structures can strengthen the positive effect of deep‐level diversity yet simultaneously weaken the negative impact of surface‐level diversity. We test our hypotheses with a panel of 42,432 firm‐year observations from 2000 to 2019. Our paper contributes to the literature on boards and innovation by highlighting and differentiating the mechanisms through which board diversity affects innovation, as well as showing how formal and informal structures can moderate the effects of board diversity.
The assembly line at Ford and transportation platforms: A historical comparison of labour process reorganisation
Authors: Hughes Carl 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis paper provides a historical comparison of the introduction of the moving assembly line at Ford Motor factories in the early 20th century, with the development of transportation platforms in the 21st century. The paper pushes back against the argument that either of these cases was based upon technological innovation, arguing that in neither case was new technology developed, but rather existing machinery was made use of. The paper argues that each case was built upon the reorganisation of the labour process, to increase the control that capital held over the labour process, increase the intensity of work and increase the levels of exploitation and surplus value extraction that workers are subjected to. By demonstrating this, it removes the technological façade that contemporary platforms hide behind, showing that they do not represent a qualitative break from the past, but rather the repackaging of old forms of work intensification.