bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Study of Class 2 Caries Requiring Stainless Steel Crown and Restoration in Maxillary Arch among Children Aged between 2 to 6 Years
Authors: Shankar S. Barani , Subramanian E. M. G. 
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Dental caries is a global public health issue, especially among young children. In both developing and developed countries, it is a major public health problem. Dental caries can start early in life, develop quickly in those at high risk, and go untreated often.
Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study done in a university hospital in Chennai. Children fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion were included in the study
Results: 88.89% patients had stainless steel crown compared to 11.11% of them have chosen restoration as a treatment option. Class II restorations were found to be more in older children. Children in the age of 2 years did not receive class II restorations
Conclusion: Stainless steel crowns were found to be the preferred choice of restoration in children aged 2-6 years with class II caries in maxillary teeth.
Value of CHA2DS2-VASC Score as Predictor of Contrast-Induced Nephropathy in Patients with Non-ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Khalil Dalia Sobhy , Khalil Sameh Samir , Elbarbary Mohammed Ahmed , Ashmawy Medhat Mohamed 
Published: January 2024

Background: PCI necessitates the usage of iodinated contrast agent which in some cases is accompanied by CIN and the potential for worse outcomes. The current study aimed to use the CHA2DS2-VASc score with its simple and available components as a predictor of risk of developing CIN in NSTEMI cases who will undergo PCI.
Methods: This single center observational study was conducted on 200 cases diagnosed with NSTEMI who were subjected to primary PCI. The basic level of serum Cr was detected at time of admission followed by monitoring for 48 h, and seven days following the approach to detect the occurrence of CIN. Electrocardiogram (ECG) and transthoracic echocardiography are assessed to all patients.
Results: At cut off ≥2 (area under curve (AUC)=0.649), CHA2DS2-VASc could be used as a predictor for post-PCI CIN with sensitivity and specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy of 77.6%, 52.3%, 34.5%, 87.8% and 58.5% respectively. There was a statistically significant correlation between occurrence of CIN and all the studied factors (female sex, HTN, DM, anemia, CHF, hemoglobin (HBG), pre-existing renal disease, previous stroke, pre-creatinine, 48hrs and 7 days post-creatinine, pre glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and cha2ds-vasc score and dehydration) with exception of age and vascular disease (p>0.05) being non-significant. Contrast volume, CHA2DS VASC score, metformin use, eGFR after 48h and ACEI /ARB II antagonists ’inhibitor use were significant independent predictors for CIN.
Conclusions: In NSTEMI cases who are subjected to PCI, CHADS2 VASC score ≥ 2 is accompanied by a high risk for CIN and in hospital morbidity and mortality. CHA2DS2-VASC score is considered a useful novel, easy, and reliable method to anticipate CIN in NSTEMI cases undergoing urgent P.
Organizational learning as a strategic resource in supply management
Authors: Hult G.Tomas M , Ketchen David J , Nichols Ernest L 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThis study considers the potential role of organizational learning as a strategic resource in supply management. A model of learning in supply management processes is examined using samples representing three nodes of one Fortune 500 organization’s supply chains (internal SBU customers, n=141; corporate buyers, n=115, and external suppliers, n=58). Organizational learning is viewed as a composite construct arising from four tangible indicators: team‐, systems‐, learning‐, and memory‐orientations (each of those orientations is measured with four to five items). The results indicate that learning has a positive effect on a set of learning consequences, supply management consequences, management consequences, and performance consequences.
$\mathcal{D}$-FAITHFUL SEMIGROUP-GRADED RINGS
Authors: Munn W. D. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractA weak form of faithfulness, depending on Green’s equivalence $\mathcal{D}$, is introduced for a ring $R$ graded by a semigroup $S$. Suppose that $R$ satisfies this condition. It is shown that if $e$ and $f$ are $\mathcal{D}$-equivalent idempotents of $S$ and $R_e$ is semiprime (respectively, prime, semiprimitive, right primitive), then $R_f$ is semiprime (respectively, prime, semiprimitive, right primitive). In addition, it is shown that if $G$ and $H$ are maximal subgroups of $S$ lying in the same $\mathcal{D}$-class and $R_G$ is semiprime (respectively, prime, semiprimitive, right primitive), then $R_H$ is semiprime (respectively, prime, semiprimitive, right primitive).AMS 2000 Mathematics subject classification: Primary 16W50. Secondary 20M25
The effects of Leucaena leucocephala on semen quality, fertility and reproductive performance of dihydroxy pyridone-adapted South African Nguni goats
Authors: AKINGBADE A. A. , NSAHLAI I. V. , MORRIS C. D. 
Published: October 2003

The effects of feeding Leucaena leucocephala on semen quality and fertility were examined using four dihydroxy pyridone (DHP)-adapted (21.0, 26.5, 27.0 and 31.0 kg) and four DHP-unadapted (28.0, 31.0, 40.0 and 44.0 kg) South African indigenous Nguni bucks (mature male goats). The DHP-adapted bucks were assigned to air-dried Leucaena leucocephala forage (LL; Leucaena group) while the unadapted ones were maintained on a cereal-based concentrate diet (C; concentrate group) containing 122 g crude protein (CP)/kg over an 84-day period. Buck semen samples were collected on days 0 and 77 of the study. On the last day of the study (day 84), bucks in the Leucaena group were divided into two equal subgroups; a subgroup was assigned to Leucaena leucocephala-grass pasture (LGP) with ten does (mature female goats) while the second subgroup was assigned to natural pasture (NP) with nine does. Similarly, the two concentrate subgroups were separately assigned to mate nine and ten does on LGP and NP plots, respectively. The proportions of normal semen on both groups were not significantly different. However, semen quality on LL treatment increased significantly (P = 0.004) between days 0 and 77 and probably explains the significant (P<0.01) difference between the fertility rates of bucks on both treatments. There was no evidence that feeding LL was detrimental to semen quality and fertility of bucks and to conception among females mated by the bucks fed the forage; perhaps due to the fact that the bucks had adapted to DHP as a result of the DHP-degrading rumen bacteria (Synergistes jonesii) that were transferred to them by the does. Synergistes jonesii is known to be capable of detoxifying mimosine and its toxic metabolites to innocuous compounds.
Whole-rotation dry matter and nitrogen grain yields from the first course of an organic farming crop rotation experiment
Authors: OLESEN J. E. , RASMUSSEN I. A. , ASKEGAARD M. , KRISTENSEN K. 
Published: October 2003

The possibilities for increasing total grain yield in organic cereal production through manipulation of crop rotation design were investigated in a field experiment on different soil types in Denmark from 1997 to 2000. Three experimental factors were included in the experiment in a factorial design: (1) proportion of grass-clover and pulses in the rotation, (2) catch crop (with and without) and (3) manure (with and without). Three four-course rotations were compared. Two of the rotations had 1 year of grass-clover as a green manure crop, either followed by spring wheat or by winter wheat. The grass-clover was replaced by winter cereals in the third rotation. Animal manure was applied as slurry in rates corresponding to 40% of the nitrogen (N) demand of the cereal crops.Rotational grain yields of the cereal and pulse crops were calculated by summing yields for each plot over the 4 years in the rotation. The rotational yields were affected by all experimental factors (rotation, manure and catch crop). However, the largest effects on both dry matter and N yields were caused by differences between sites caused by differences in soils, climate and cropping history. The rotation without a green manure crop produced the greatest total yield. Dry matter and N yields in this rotation were about 10% higher than in the rotation with a grass-clover ley in 1 year in 4. Therefore, the yield benefits from the grass-clover ley could not adequately compensate for the yield reduction as a result of leaving 25% of the rotation out of production. There were no differences in dry matter and N yields in grains between the rotations, where either spring or winter cereals followed the grass-clover ley. The N use efficiency for ammonium-N in the applied manure corresponded to that obtained from N in commercial fertilizer. There were only very small yield benefits from the use of catch crops. However, this may change over time as fertility builds up in the system with catch crops.
Immunogenic properties of the Plasmodium vivax vaccine candidate MSP119 expressed as a secreted non-glycosylated polypeptide from Pichia pastoris
Authors: SOARES I. S. , RODRIGUES M. M. 
Published: October 2003

The 19 kDa C-terminal region of the merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP119) is one of the most promising vaccine candidates against the erythrocytic forms of malaria. In the present study, a gene encoding the Plasmodium vivax MSP119 epitope (PvMSP119) and the Pan-Allelic DR epitope (PADRE) was expressed in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris. A non-glycosylated form of the recombinant protein rPvMSP119-PADRE was purified from culture supernatants. This recombinant protein maintains its antigenicity, being recognized by a very high percentage (85·6%) of sera from Brazilian individuals naturally exposed to P. vivax. The antibody immune response elicited by rPvMSP119-PADRE was compared in C57BL/6 mice immunized with different adjuvant formulations. After 3 immunizing doses, antibody titres induced in the presence of the adjuvants monophosphoryl lipid A, trehalose dicorynomycolate and cell wall skeleton or alum plus CpG ODN 1826 were as high as titres generated by Complete Freund's Adjuvant. Based on these immunological studies, we concluded that rPvMSP119-PADRE deserves further evaluation in pre-clinical immunizations against P. vivax in non-human primates.
Relationships and significance of contaminants in soils of the Transantarctic Mountains
Authors: Campbell I.B. , Sheppard D.S. , Claridge G.G.C. 
Published: October 2003

The behaviour of Antarctic soils towards contaminant materials depends on the nature of the contaminant and the properties of the soil. Relevant properties are: depth to permafrost, whether the permafrost is ice-cemented or dry frozen; the active layer depth, active layer moisture content, and frequency of liquid water; soil salinity characteristics; and the geological composition of the soil materials.Soil contaminations in the McMurdo region have been investigated through several years in a number of studies, including site surveys, field investigations, and experiments. Results of these studies are summarized in this paper and the significance of the contaminations is discussed. The behaviour of contaminants at the sites investigated conforms to existing knowledge of the soil properties. In the presence of some summer water or occasional moisture influxes from snowmelt, soluble contaminants may be transported variable distances through soils, both downwards and laterally, depending on the amount of water available. Ice-cemented permafrost restricts the downward movement of most contaminants but may aid distribution via lateral flow, especially low-freezing-point contaminants such as hydrocarbons. In dry-frozen soils, low-freezing-point contaminants may penetrate deeply into the soil.With respect to the sites investigated, the heavy metal contaminations were typically above the values from undisturbed sites, but there may at times be appreciable natural variation. The presence of solid materials in soils — such as particles of plastics, wood, fibre, etc — represents a widespread and pernicious form of contamination, because they are foreign to the environment and are non-degradable.
Somatization among older primary care attenders
Authors: SHEEHAN B. , BASS C. , BRIGGS R. , JACOBY R. 
Published: October 2003

Background. The importance of somatization among older primary care attenders is unclear. We aimed to establish the prevalence, persistence and associations of somatization among older primary care attenders, and the associations of frequent attendance.Method. One hundred and forty primary care attenders over 65 years were rated twice, 10 months apart, on measures of somatization, psychiatric status, physical health and attendance.Results. The syndrome of GMS hypochondriacal neurosis had a prevalence of 5% but was transient. Somatized symptoms and attributions were persistent and associated with depression, physical illness and perceived poor social support. Frequent attenders (top third) had higher rates of depression, physical illness and somatic symptoms, and lower perceived support.Conclusion. Somatization is common among older primary care attenders and has similar correlates to younger primary care somatizers. Psychological distress among older primary care attenders is associated with frequent attendance. Improved recognition should result in benefits to patients and services.
Differential life‐history characteristics of male and female Peripatoides novaezealandiae (Onychophora: Peripatopsidae)
Authors: Tutt Karen , Daugherty Charles H. , Gibbs George W. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractLife‐history details of the live‐bearing Peripatoides novaezealandiae (Hutton) were obtained by measuring and dissecting field collected animals. As in other studies, the sexes were found to have different demographics. Sex‐specific weight frequency distributions and regression of weight vs length suggest sex differences in patterns of growth and/or mortality. Mature males were smaller than mature females; females apparently undergo a further period of growth between maturity and the onset of embryo production. The sex ratio of the whole sample was female biased; the sex ratio in the smallest size class was 1:1, and then oscillated from female‐ to male‐, and then back to female‐biased as size increased. Embryos were unable to be sexed. The sex ratios in individuals of mature (i.e. mating) size, and of reproductive size, were both 1:1. Females, especially but not exclusively before the onset of embryo production, had widely varying numbers of sperm in their haemolymph, indicating dermal‐haemocoelic sperm transfer. These data also suggest that females are able to mate throughout life. Numbers of sperm in spermathecae of females were negatively correlated with body size. Fecundity increased with size in both sexes, somewhat more so in females. Embryo weight was correlated with maternal weight only at the beginning of the embryo's development. Rotting logs containing small populations contained a disproportionate number of large females.
Technology transfers in the Clean Development Mechanism: an incentives issue
Authors: Millock Katrin 
Published: October 2003

The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) offers abatement cost savings under the Kyoto Protocol by allowing credits for emission reductions obtained in signatory developing countries. The paper argues that technology transfers can improve incentives for cost-effective emission reductions under bilateral CDM contracts when there is asymmetric information between the investor and the host party.JEL classification: Q20; D82
The effect of hydrological patterns and breeding‐season flooding on the numbers and distribution of wading birds in Everglades National Park
Authors: Russell Gareth J. , Bass Oron L. , Pimm Stuart L. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractField ecologists in Everglades National Park know that the dynamics of water flow affect the breeding success of wading birds. A number of recent studies have suggested foraging success as the primary causal link. Data on the number and location of foraging birds are available from the Systematic Reconnaissance Flights, monthly aerial surveys of wading birds and surface water condition. A set of regression models were developed that predict the number of foraging birds observed in the Park at the beginning of May, a crucial period in the breeding season of almost all wading birds in this area. Predictor variables were obtained by converting the observations of surface water condition into three indexes that describe (1) the amount of surface water in the Park in January (near the beginning of the ‘dry’ season), (2) the rate at which it dries over the subsequent months, and (3) the amount of disruption to that drying process. An information‐theoretic measure, ICOMP(IFIM), was used to choose on the basis of parsimony between the large set of possible models that incorporate these predictors. Most species were best predicted by the same few models, and the fitted model parameters were also similar, indicating that the same pattern of surface water dynamics was optimal for most species. The optimal pattern was: intermediate water levels at the beginning of the dry season, a rapid rate of drying, and no disruption in the drying process. A number of disruptions in drying since 1985 have been the result of releases of water from the flow‐control structures at the northern boundary of Everglades National Park. Reducing or eliminating these unnatural hydrological events should help wading bird populations to increase.
Quantification of contact surface pressure exerted during external cephalic version
Authors: Leung Tak Yeung , Sahota Daljit Singh , Fok Wing Yee , Chan Lin Wai , Lau Tze Kin 
Published: October 2003

Background.  The amount of force exerted on the uterus and fetus during external cephalic version (ECV) may be associated with fetal effects or complications. We have designed an instrument to quantify the contact pressure exerted during the performance of ECV, as an indirect measurement of the applied force.Methods.  We have designed a pair of custom‐made gloves. Each glove contains 16 piezo‐resistive sensors positioned on the palmer surface of the fingers, thenar and hypothenar areas. Pressure readings were recorded simultaneously from all sensors every 0.22 s during each version procedure. Each recording was analyzed with a computer program written according to specified algorithms to ascertain the number of attempts in a version operation, and the duration and pressure changes of each attempt during the operation.Results.  Ten subjects having a singleton breech presentation at term underwent an operation of ECV. The number of attempts of version in each operation ranged from one to four. The median pressure–time integral and the duration of an attempt were 19 227 mmHg s (range 5089–42 597 mmHg s) and 42.5 s (range 11.9–80.3 s), respectively. The median pressure–time integral of a whole version operation was 38 110 mmHg s (range 5089–107 511 mmHg s). Subjects with a failed version operation received a higher pressure–time integral (p < 0.05). The number of attempts of each operation was accurately identified by the program.Conclusions.  Measurement of force applied during ECV can be quantified indirectly in terms of contact surface pressure. The indirect measurement of the applied force may further improve the safety of this procedure by preventing excessive use of force by the operator.
A forehead mass present for 53 years after trauma in childhood
Authors: Cheng Yi‐Shing Lisa , Binnie William , Shroyer John , Bridges George 
Published: October 2003

AbstractA 60‐year‐old man developed a mass on his forehead in his childhood. Histologic examination revealed a subcutaneous encapsulated cellular neoplasm consisting of mostly polygonal epithelioid cells, with abundant amphophilic cytoplasm and pleomorphic nuclei. There was one focal area of spindle cells. Numerous blood vessels of various sizes, small vacuoles and eosinophilic hyalinized material were also present. The morphologic features of the neoplasm did not fit with the typical features of any recognized pathologic entity. The subsequent immunohistochemical and electron microscopical evidence supported the diagnosis of epithelioid schwannoma, a rare variant of schwannoma that has not been reported in oral and maxillofacial pathology publications. The purpose of this report is to document a case and increase the awareness of this entity.
The interleukin‐25 gene located in the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) 4 region: no association with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Büning C. , Genschel J. , Weltrich R. , Lochs H. , Schmidt H. 
Published: October 2003

SummaryGenetic predisposition has been suggested to play an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Linkage studies have identified a Crohn's disease susceptibility locus on chromosome 14 (14q11–12; IBD4). Interleukin‐25 (IL‐25) is a newly identified proinflammatory cytokine that has been shown to promote Th2 responses by inducing cytokines such as IL‐4, IL‐5 and IL‐13. The IL‐25 gene is located within this susceptibility region at 14q11.2. As IBDs are characterized by an imbalance of the Th1/Th2 cytokine response, we hypothesized that genetic alterations within the IL‐25 gene might contribute to IBD. First, direct sequencing of the coding regions of the IL‐25 gene in 40 patients with Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis revealed only a newly reported polymorphism (c424C/A) in exon 2. Next, the frequency of this polymorphism was further investigated in 151 patients with Crohn's disease, 111 patients with ulcerative colitis, and 119 healthy controls to determine its clinical relevance. The genotypes of the c424C/A polymorphism did not reveal any significant differences between patients with Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis and controls. Genoytype–phenotype relations in patients with Crohn's disease showed a comparable distribution of the c424C/A polymorphism in all subgroups of the Vienna classification. In summary, our data indicate that genetic alterations in the coding regions of the IL‐25 gene are unlikely to play a role in IBDs, but the c424C/A polymorphism in the IL‐25 gene should be investigated for a potential association with other chronic inflammatory and inherited disorders such as autoimmune diseases.
Complementary therapy practice: defining the role of advanced nurse practitioners
Authors: Patterson Christine , Kaczorowski Janusz , Arthur Heather , Smith Kiara , Mills Dorothy Anne 
Published: October 2003

Summary• The purpose of the study was to identify the current and perceived clinical role functions of advanced nurse practitioners (ANPs) within the complementary health paradigm and their learning needs.• Participants were asked to identify their referral practices to complementary practitioners, current and perceived clinical activities with respect to six most popular complementary therapies, learning needs and concerns regarding their use.• A random sample of 389 ANPs registered with the College of Nurses of Ontario participated in a mailed survey using a modified Dillman approach, an established method for improving response rate through repeated mailings.• An overall response rate of 55.3% (215 out of 389 eligible participants) was achieved.• The results show that ANPs are currently engaged in clinical activities involving these therapies, with a trend towards more participation in assessing the need for them and counselling on the risks and benefits.• ANPs are interested in validating the use of these therapies and acquiring more knowledge on the scientific principles, evidence of efficacy, pharmacology and potential interactions with conventional medicine.