bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The southward migration of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current enhanced oceanic degassing of carbon dioxide during the last two deglaciations
Authors: Ai Xuyuan E. , Thöle Lena M. , Auderset Alexandra , Schmitt Mareike , Moretti Simone , Studer Anja S. , Michel Elisabeth , Wegmann Martin , Mazaud Alain , Bijl Peter K. , Sigman Daniel M. , Martínez-García Alfredo , Jaccard Samuel L. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPrevious studies suggest that meridional migrations of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current may have altered wind-driven upwelling and carbon dioxide degassing in the Southern Ocean during past climate transitions. Here, we report a quantitative and continuous record of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current latitude over the last glacial-interglacial cycle, using biomarker-based reconstructions of surface layer temperature gradient in the southern Indian Ocean. The results show that the Antarctic Circumpolar Current was more equatorward during the ice ages and shifted ~6° poleward at the end of glacial terminations, consistent with Antarctic Circumpolar Current migration playing a role in glacial-interglacial atmospheric carbon dioxide change. Comparing the temporal evolution of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current mean latitude with other observations provides evidence that Earth’s axial tilt affects the strength and latitude range of Southern Ocean wind-driven upwelling, which may explain previously noted deviations in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration from a simple correlation with Antarctic climate.
Robust zero‐watermarking algorithm based on discrete wavelet transform and daisy descriptors for encrypted medical image
Authors: Yuan Yiyi , Li Jingbing , Liu Jing , Bhatti Uzair Aslam , Liu Zilong , Chen Yen‐wei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn the intricate network environment, the secure transmission of medical images faces challenges such as information leakage and malicious tampering, significantly impacting the accuracy of disease diagnoses by medical professionals. To address this problem, the authors propose a robust feature watermarking algorithm for encrypted medical images based on multi‐stage discrete wavelet transform (DWT), Daisy descriptor, and discrete cosine transform (DCT). The algorithm initially encrypts the original medical image through DWT‐DCT and Logistic mapping. Subsequently, a 3‐stage DWT transformation is applied to the encrypted medical image, with the centre point of the LL3 sub‐band within its low‐frequency component serving as the sampling point. The Daisy descriptor matrix for this point is then computed. Finally, a DCT transformation is performed on the Daisy descriptor matrix, and the low‐frequency portion is processed using the perceptual hashing algorithm to generate a 32‐bit binary feature vector for the medical image. This scheme utilises cryptographic knowledge and zero‐watermarking technique to embed watermarks without modifying medical images and can extract the watermark from test images without the original image, which meets the basic requirements of medical image watermarking. The embedding and extraction of watermarks are accomplished in a mere 0.160 and 0.411s, respectively, with minimal computational overhead. Simulation results demonstrate the robustness of the algorithm against both conventional attacks and geometric attacks, with a notable performance in resisting rotation attacks.
Learning to represent 2D human face with mathematical model
Authors: Zhang Liping , Li Weijun , Sun Linjun , Yu Lina , Ning Xin , Dong Xiaoli 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHow to represent a human face pattern? While it is presented in a continuous way in human visual system, computers often store and process it in a discrete manner with 2D arrays of pixels. The authors attempt to learn a continuous surface representation for face image with explicit function. First, an explicit model (EmFace) for human face representation is proposed in the form of a finite sum of mathematical terms, where each term is an analytic function element. Further, to estimate the unknown parameters of EmFace, a novel neural network, EmNet, is designed with an encoder‐decoder structure and trained from massive face images, where the encoder is defined by a deep convolutional neural network and the decoder is an explicit mathematical expression of EmFace. The authors demonstrate that our EmFace represents face image more accurate than the comparison method, with an average mean square error of 0.000888, 0.000936, 0.000953 on LFW, IARPA Janus Benchmark‐B, and IJB‐C datasets. Visualisation results show that, EmFace has a higher representation performance on faces with various expressions, postures, and other factors. Furthermore, EmFace achieves reasonable performance on several face image processing tasks, including face image restoration, denoising, and transformation.
An all‐metal wideband circularly polarized single‐patch antenna based on TM11 mode
Authors: Wu Qiong‐Sen , Tang Xiao‐Yu , Du Zhi‐Xia , Zhang Xiao 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis paper proposes an all‐metal wideband circularly polarized (CP) single‐patch antenna based on TM11 mode. The conventional square patch is divided into four small square patch units by loading metal shorting walls under the two vertical centerlines. The shorting walls are windowed to facilitate coupling between the adjacent units. When the TM11 mode is excited, the coupling windows not only distribute energy but also provide the 90° phase difference required for CP radiation. An additional feeding network is not required, and its profile is less than 0.05λ0 (λ0 is the free space wavelength at the center frequency). Three minima in the axial ratio (AR) response are present. The results show that right‐hand circularly polarized (RHCP) radiation is achieved. The measured 3 dB AR bandwidth is 6.9%, ranging from 1.52 to 1.62 GHz, and the RHCP realized peak gain is 7.72 dBic. An all‐metal construction suitable for satellite communication systems is designed that has superior performance in harsh space environments.
Renewable energy integration in healthcare systems: A case study of a hospital in Azad Jammu and Kashmir
Authors: Naveed Ausnain , Iqbal Sheeraz , Munir Saba , Rehman Anis ur , Eslami Mahdiyeh , Kamel Salah 
Published: January 2024

AbstractRenewable energy sources have gained widespread attention due to their abundance and cost‐effectiveness. In particular, healthcare systems and hospitals are increasingly seeking clean and renewable energy solutions to reduce energy costs, price volatility, and protect community health. However, proper load estimation and techno‐economic analysis are crucial to ensure the optimal performance and reliable power supply of renewable energy systems. This study focuses on conducting a case study on load estimation and techno‐economic analysis for a hospital located in a remote area of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. Through this analysis, the study aims to determine the feasibility of implementing a renewable energy system at the hospital and assess the potential benefits in terms of energy production, cost savings, and environmental impact. Two different clean energy management softwares, HOMER PRO and RETScreen Expert, are utilized to compare the proposed hybrid (PV/Wind/Battery/Convertor/Grid) system with the existing system in terms of cost minimization, optimal system configuration, and environmental effects. The results demonstrate that the proposed hybrid system is more efficient, stable, cost‐effective, and a environmentally friendly option. Moreover, the annualized energy production, consumption, and grid load reduction are also calculated. The findings of both software programs are compared for validation of the proposed optimal system. The techno‐economic analysis of the proposed system can serve as a useful guideline for other commercial facilities in the region to utilize solar and wind energy.
The discovery of two new benchmark brown dwarfs with precise dynamical masses at the stellar-substellar boundary
Authors: Rickman E. L. , Ceva W. , Matthews E. C. , Ségransan D. , Bowler B. P. , Forveille T. , Franson K. , Hagelberg J. , Udry S. , Vigan A. 
Published: January 2024

Aims. Measuring dynamical masses of substellar companions is a powerful tool for testing models of mass-luminosity-age relations as well as for determining observational features that constrain the boundary between stellar and substellar companions. In order to dynamically constrain the mass of such companions, we use multiple exoplanet measurement techniques to remove degeneracies in the orbital fits of these objects and place tight constraints on their model-independent masses.
Methods. We combined long-period radial velocity data from the CORALIE survey with relative astrometry from direct imaging with VLT/SPHERE as well as with astrometric accelerations from HIPPARCOS-Gaia eDR3 to perform a combined orbital fit and measure precise dynamical masses of two newly discovered benchmark brown dwarfs.
Results. We report the discovery of HD 112863 B and HD 206505 B, which are two new benchmark likely brown dwarfs that sit at the substellar-stellar boundary, with precise dynamical masses. We performed an orbital fit that yielded the dynamical masses of 77.1−2.8+2.9 MJup and 79.8 ± 1.8 MJup for HD 112863 B and HD 206505 B, respectively. We determined the orbital period of HD 112863 B to be 21.59 ± 0.05 yr and the orbital period of HD 206505 B to be 50.9−1.5+1.7 yr. From the H and K band photometry from IRDIS data taken with VLT/SPHERE, we estimate the spectral types of both HD 112863 B and HD 206505 B to be early-mid L-types.
Quality Evaluation of Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease
Guidelines and Expert Consensus
Authors: Chen Meijing , Chen Ying , Liu Dun , Li Ka , Hu Rong , Chen Jingyi , Jiang Xiaoying , Lin Jinqing 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to evaluate and analyze the quality of guidelines
and expert consensus on clinical practice regarding metabolically associated
fatty liver disease (MAFLD) over the past five years. Data from the websites
were retrieved using computers. We evaluated guidelines and expert consensus on
MAFLD that were officially published between January 1, 2018 and March 24, 2023.
Two evaluators independently examined the literature and extracted data. The
included literature on guidelines and expert consensus was then subjected to
quality review and analysis using assessment tools from Appraisal of Guidelines
for Research and Evaluation (AGREE) II and the Joanna Briggs Institute
Qualitative Assessment and Review Instrument (JBI-QARI) (2016). The intraclass
correlation coefficient (ICC) values of all items on the AGREE II scale for the
two evaluators were greater than 0.75, indicating a high degree of agreement
between their assessments. Scope and purpose (48.90%), participants
(49.21%), rigor in the formulation process (56.97%), clarity of
expression (90.08%), applicability (66.08%), and independence of
file compiling (60.12%) were the AGREE II scoring items with the
standardized average scores. Apart from the participants, the average scores of
all the scoring items in the guidelines from other countries other than China
were higher than those from China
(|Z|+>+2.272,
p+<+0.05). MAFLD guidelines must be revised to enhance
their methodological quality. When creating guidelines, it is recommended that
the formulators strictly adhere to the formulation and drafting standards of
AGREE II and elevate the quality of the guidelines.
HINT2 may be One Clinical Significance Target for Patient with
Diabetes Mellitus and Reduced ROS-Induced Oxidative Stress and Ferroptosis by
MCU
Authors: Bai Mei , Lu Wei , Tan Jun , Mei Xin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe World Health Organization (WHO) predicted that patients with diabetes around
the world will increase to 600 million by 2040, of which about 1/3 will
develop diabetic nephropathy (DN). Therefore, the present study aimed to uncover
therapeutic effect of HINT2 and determined its possible mechanisms. Patients
with diabetes mellitus and normal volunteers were enrolled at our hospital. Male
C57BL/6 mice were fed with a high fat diet and injected
intraperitoneally with STZ for once (100 mg/kg body weight).
Mouse podocytes (MPC5) cells were induced with 20 mmol/l
D-glucose. Inhibition of HINT2 mRNA expression levels in patients with DN was
observed, compared with normal group. The serum of HINT2 mRNA expression was
negative in correlation with blood sugar, tubulo-interstitial damage, glomerular
damage score or urine protein level in patients with DN. HINT2 expression in
kidney tissue of mice with DN were downregulated. HINT2 presented reduced DN and
inflammation and ROS-induced oxidative stress in model of DN. HINT2 promoted
ferroptosis in model of DN by mitochondrial membrane potential. HINT2 suppressed
MCU expression in model of DN. HINT2 protein combined with MCU protein increased
MCU protein ubiquitination. HINT2 triggers mitochondrial Ca2+ influx to
increase ROS production level by MCU. Taken together, these findings
demonstrated that HINT2 reduced ROS-induced Oxidative stress and ferroptosis by
MCU, suggesting that HINT2 may be a feasible strategy to treat DN.
A Combined Approach of Facial Neuromuscular Rehabilitation and Surgical Reconstruction in the Remediation of Facial Palsy: A Multidisciplinary Team Approach
Authors: Kimber Rebecca , Rodger Anne , Higgins Rachel , Christofi Gerry 
Published: January 2024

AbstractFacial neuromuscular rehabilitation (fNMR) is an evidence-based practice for the treatment of peripheral facial palsy (PFP). Surgical reconstruction can be indicated for patients who demonstrate poor or no recovery to support symmetry, function, and aesthesis. There is paucity of research demonstrating the therapeutic benefit of a multidisciplinary team (MDT) in facial recovery of this specific subpopulation of patients. This article will outline the role of specialist facial therapy in the remediation of PFP, focusing on those who undergo surgical reconstruction to optimize their facial recovery. Case studies are used to demonstrate surgical and therapeutic outcomes as well as the results of a patient survey conducted for a service evaluation. We discuss the role of the MDT in supporting recovery as well as the role of targeted fNMR. The term fNMR is often used interchangeably with facial therapy or facial rehabilitation. We will refer to fNMR as a technique of facial rehabilitation.We aim to demonstrate that an MDT approach to the treatment of people with facial palsy provides positive outcomes for this surgical population and that future research would be beneficial to support this service delivery model.
Analysis of swallowtail mutation instability of slope with weak interlayer under blasting disturbance
Authors: Wang Zeqi , Hu Bin , Li Jing , Zhong Zhuoxi , Chang Shuxiang 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The stability analysis of slope under blasting disturbance is one of the important research topics in blasting engineering and geotechnical engineering. Based on the dynamic instabil-ity mechanical model of slope with weak interlayer, the mechanical effect of blasting dis-turbance on slope system is analyzed. The swallowtail mutation model of slope system under blasting disturbance is established. Two methods to determine slope stability under blasting disturbance are proposed: safety factor method and double judgment method. Through the analysis of the dynamic instability mechanism of the slope system under the effect of blast-ing disturbance, it is concluded that: (1) the greater the amplitude of blasting disturbance vibration, the worse the stability of the slope system, and the greater the possibility of land-slide disaster. The slope landslide disaster caused by blasting disturbance mainly occurs in the middle and late stage of blasting disturbance (0.17 ∼ 0.5s). (2) When the period of blast-ing vibration wave (T > 1s), the frequency of blasting disturbance wave can be appropriately increased, which is conducive to reducing the impact of blasting disturbance on slope stabil-ity. When the period of blasting disturbance wave (T < 1s), proper adjustment of blasting disturbance frequency will not have a direct impact on the stability of slope. (3) With the increase of the incident angle of blasting vibration wave, the change of the dynamic self-stability critical height of the slope system shows a trend of increasing, and the in-creasing rate is decreasing. The greater the incident angle of blasting vibration wave, the worse the stability of slope system. Proper reduction of the incident angle of blasting vibra-tion wave is beneficial to improve the stability of slope system. Finally, the rationality and applicability of thse proposed double judgment method are verified based on the actual con-ditions of the current slope in Laoyingzui.
A review on ionothermal synthesis of zeolites and zeotype materials
Authors: Fortas Wissam , Boukoussa Bouhadjar , Hasnaoui Mohamed Abdelkrim , Lerari Djahida , Sassi Mohamed , Bachari Khaldoun 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Known as green inorganic products and environmentally beneficial, ionic liquids (ILs) are increasingly used in the ionothermal synthesis of zeolites and zeotype materials compared to the hydrothermal method. This safe and successful process offers new opportunities to produce several molecular sieves with different morphologies and structures for promising applications. In this review, we summarize the history of the most successful phases of zeolites and zeotype materials, with different structures such as AEL, AEI, AFI, AST, ATS, CHA, -CLO, ITW, LEV, LTA, MFI, MTN, MTT, SOD, TON, IRR, and STW, from ILs discovery until 2022. The use of the ionothermal method compared to the hydrothermal route is evaluated and reported in this paper, besides synthesis parameters affecting the final product formation, such as IL dosage, cation size and shape, water content, (P, Si, F, IL/Al) ratios, crystallization time and temperature, mineralizing agent, Me/Al ratio, the addition of a secondary template (co-SDA), the use of IL as both SDA and solvent, competition in forming the framework, and the use of eutectic mixture and deep eutectic solvent (DES). Furthermore, we collected the various applications of these materials and highlighted the advantages of the ionothermal process, offering a comprehensive understanding of this topic.
Metabolic insights at the finish line: deciphering physiological changes in ultramarathon runners through breath VOC analysis
Authors: Chou Hsuan , Arthur Kayleigh , Shaw Elen , Schaber Chad , Boyle Billy , Allsworth Max , Kelley Eli F , Stewart Glenn M , Wheatley Courtney M , Schwartz Jesse , Fermoyle Caitlin C , Ziegler Briana L , Johnson Kay A , Robach Paul , Basset Patrick , Johnson Bruce D 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Exhaustive exercise can induce unique physiological responses in the lungs and other parts of the human body. The volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath are ideal for studying the effects of exhaustive exercise on the lungs due to the proximity of the breath matrix to the respiratory tract. As breath VOCs can originate from the bloodstream, changes in abundance should also indicate broader physiological effects of exhaustive exercise on the body. Currently, there is limited published data on the effects of exhaustive exercise on breath VOCs. Breath has great potential for biomarker analysis as it can be collected non-invasively, and capture real-time metabolic changes to better understand the effects of exhaustive exercise. In this study, we collected breath samples from a small group of elite runners participating in the 2019 Ultra-Trail du Mont Blanc ultra-marathon. The final analysis included matched paired samples collected before and after the race from 24 subjects. All 48 samples were analyzed using the Breath Biopsy Platform with GC-Orbitrap™ via thermal desorption gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to determine whether VOC abundances differed between pre- and post-race breath samples (adjusted P-value < .05). We identified a total of 793 VOCs in the breath samples of elite runners. Of these, 63 showed significant differences between pre- and post-race samples after correction for multiple testing (12 decreased, 51 increased). The specific VOCs identified suggest the involvement of fatty acid oxidation, inflammation, and possible altered gut microbiome activity in response to exhaustive exercise. This study demonstrates significant changes in VOC abundance resulting from exhaustive exercise. Further investigation of VOC changes along with other physiological measurements can help improve our understanding of the effect of exhaustive exercise on the body and subsequent differences in VOCs in exhaled breath.
Signalling mechanisms driving homeostatic and inflammatory effects of interleukin-15 on tissue lymphocytes
Authors: Skariah Neema , James Olivia J , Swamy Mahima 
Published: January 2024

Summary
There is an intriguing dichotomy in the function of cytokine interleukin-15—at low levels, it is required for the homeostasis of the immune system, yet when it is upregulated in response to pathogenic infections or in autoimmunity, IL-15 drives inflammation. IL-15 associates with the IL-15Rα within both myeloid and non-haematopoietic cells, where IL-15Rα trans-presents IL-15 in a membrane-bound form to neighboring cells. Alongside homeostatic maintenance of select lymphocyte populations such as NK cells and tissue-resident T cells, when upregulated, IL-15 also promotes inflammatory outcomes by driving effector function and cytotoxicity in NK cells and T cells. As chronic over-expression of IL-15 can lead to autoimmunity, IL-15 expression is tightly regulated. Thus, blocking dysregulated IL-15 and its downstream signalling pathways are avenues for immunotherapy. In this review we discuss the molecular pathways involved in IL-15 signalling and how these pathways contribute to both homeostatic and inflammatory functions in IL-15-dependent mature lymphoid populations, focusing on innate, and innate-like lymphocytes in tissues.
Mitral valve early systolic billowing induces following annular expansion and leaflet augmentation in Barlow’s disease: sequential analysis using 3D echocardiography
Authors: Amano Masashi , Izumi Chisato , Toki Misako , Yanagi Yoshiki , Hayashida Akihiro , Kawamoto Takahiro , Hiraoka Arudo , Fukushima Satsuki , Sakaguchi Taichi , Watanabe Nozomi , Yoshida Kiyoshi 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Aims
Although systolic expansion of the annulus has been recognized in Barlow’s disease, the mechanisms of the unique pathological movement of the annulus and its relation to the leaflet augmentation have not yet been clarified. We aimed to investigate the detailed mechanisms of the characteristic mitral apparatus dynamics in Barlow’s disease by frame-by-frame sequential geometric analysis using real-time 3D transoesophageal echocardiography.

Methods and results
Fifty-three patients with Barlow’s disease and severe mitral regurgitation without torn chordae, as well as 10 controls, were included. We evaluated geometric changes in the mitral complex using 3D transoesophageal echocardiography at five points during systole. To identify early systolic billowing of leaflets, the annulo-leaflet angle was measured. We also performed a more detailed analysis in four consecutive frames just before and after leaflet free-edge prolapse above the annulus plane. The median annulo-leaflet angle of both leaflets in early systole was &gt;0° (above annulus plane) in patients with Barlow’s disease, and billowing of the leaflet body was observed from early systole. The prolapse volume of both leaflets increased markedly from early to mid-systole [1.60 (0.85–2.80) to 4.00 (2.10–6.45) mL; analysis of variance (ANOVA), P &lt; 0.001; post hoc, P &lt; 0.05]. With frame-by-frame analysis, dynamic augmentation of the annulus and leaflets developed between frames just before and just after leaflet free-edge prolapse (ANOVA, P &lt; 0.01; post hoc, P &lt; 0.05).

Conclusion
In Barlow’s disease, early systolic billowing of the mitral leaflet induces systolic annulus expansion followed by leaflet augmentation and leaflet free-edge prolapse.