bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology of Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Reddy Yogesh N. , Barsness Gregory W. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Acute coronary syndromes, encompassed by complete coronary artery occlusion, represent 1 of the leading causes of death worldwide. There has been tremendous progress in the past 3 decades in our understanding of the mechanism underlying the transition from stable coronary artery disease to a plaque rupture leading to thrombotic vessel occlusion and acute coronary syndrome. Development of effective pharmacologic therapy, along with advances in interventional cardiology and percutaneous coronary intervention, have dramatically altered the natural history of acute coronary syndrome and greatly improved survival. However, despite these advances, acute coronary syndrome is still 1 of the leading causes of death in the US. In this chapter, we will focus on the epidemiology of acute coronary syndrome in the modern era, with a particular focus on specific subsets where management decisions may defer from the standard approach.
Cardiac Biomarkers
Authors: El Sabbagh Abdallah , McKie Paul M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Rapid and reliable diagnosis of myocardial infarction is crucial. Initially, clinical assessment and electrocardiography were the primary means of diagnosis, but over time it became clear that they are often nondiagnostic. Clinicians now rely heavily on cardiac biomarkers. Guidelines require an increase and decrease in cardiac biomarkers for the diagnosis of myocardial infarction. The interpretation of cardiac biomarker values may be challenging. To accurately interpret biomarker results, clinicians must have an understanding of the kinetics of the biomarkers and knowledge of the mechanisms that can cause their increase.
Cardiac Rehabilitation
Authors: Thomas Randal J. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
An understanding of cardiac rehabilitation is important for several reasons. First, a large and growing evidence base shows that the benefits of cardiac rehabilitation include improved cardiovascular risk factors, functional status, adherence to preventive medications, psychological health, and event-free survival. Second, many persons with cardiovascular disease world would benefit from the services provided through cardiac rehabilitation. Third, the American Heart Association and American College of Cardiology have designated it a class 1 recommendation in several cardiovascular disease-related clinical practice guidelines. Fourth, an understanding of cardiac rehabilitation is needed because its low current reach is due to barriers that limit its utilization. However, potential solutions to this problem are available and are described in this chapter.
Heart Failure: Diagnosis and Evaluation
Authors: Rodeheffer Richard J. , Redfield Margaret M. , Boilson Barry A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Heart failure is a pathophysiologic state in which an abnormality of cardiac function prevents the heart from pumping blood at a rate commensurate with the metabolic requirements of the body, or allows it to do so only when ventricular filling pressures are excessively increased. Only some patients with this circulatory pathophysiology manifest the physical signs and symptoms of the clinical syndrome we call heart failure.
Right Ventricular Failure and &#x2028;Cor Pulmonale
Authors: Frantz Robert P. , Murphy Joseph G. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Right-sided heart failure, or right ventricular failure, is a clinical syndrome that is often challenging to diagnose and treat. Right ventricular failure is the inability of the right ventricle to pump an adequate amount of blood to the lungs without an increased central venous filling pressure. Right ventricular dysfunction as seen on cardiac imaging studies may be asymptomatic, particularly at rest, and is not synonymous with right-sided heart failure. Right ventricular failure should not be considered a freestanding diagnosis but instead should lead to a search for an underlying disease; it most often occurs secondary to pulmonary hypertension, congenital heart disease, or left-sided heart failure, for which it often predicts a poor prognosis. Causes of isolated right ventricular failure include congenital heart disease, severe tricuspid incompetence, pulmonary embolism, acute respiratory distress syndrome, right ventricular infarction, and, rarely, arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy.
How does regulation influence euthanasia practice in Belgium? A qualitative exploration of involved doctors’ and nurses’ perspectives
Authors: Archer Madeleine , Willmott Lindy , Chambaere Kenneth , Deliens Luc , White Ben P 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Euthanasia has been legal in Belgium since 2002. Despite extensive research exploring Belgian euthanasia practice, investigations into its governing regulatory framework are limited. Existing studies that consider regulation take a ‘siloed’ approach, generally considering sources of regulation individually, including euthanasia legislation and euthanasia policies. This study obtains insights from providing health professionals on how the Belgian euthanasia regulatory landscape influences their euthanasia practice. We conducted semi-structured, in-depth interviews from September 2022 to March 2024 with eligible physicians and nurses and analysed them using a reflexive approach to thematic analysis. We generated three overarching themes describing the influence of regulation on euthanasia practice: the Act is a valuable, boundary-setting instrument; but the Act is limited, leaving space for gap filling and other forms of regulation; and relying on professional judgment can make practitioners feel vulnerable. Key findings include that practitioners respond to the Act’s non-prescriptiveness and regulatory lacunae by relying on their professional judgment, and that the efficacy of the retrospective euthanasia oversight model depends on physicians’ good faith participation. Policymakers in Belgium and internationally are encouraged to reflect on the implications of Belgium’s euthanasia regulatory model for the consistency, quality, and control of euthanasia practice.
SN 2021foa: the bridge between SN IIn and Ibn
Authors: Gangopadhyay Anjasha , Dukiya Naveen , Moriya Takashi J , Tanaka Masaomi , Maeda Keiichi , Howell D Andrew , Singh Mridweeka , Singh Avinash , Sollerman Jesper , Kawabata Koji S , Brennan Seán J , Pellegrino Craig , Dastidar Raya , Nakaoka Tatsuya , Kawabata Miho , Misra Kuntal , Schulze Steve , Chandra Poonam , Taguchi Kenta , Sahu Devendra K , McCully Curtis , Bostroem K Azalee , Gonzalez Estefania Padilla , Newsome Megan , Hiramatsu Daichi , Takei Yuki , Yamanaka Masayuki , Tajitsu Akito , Isogai Keisuke 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
We present the long-term photometric and spectroscopic analysis of a transitioning SN IIn/Ibn from –10.8 d to 150.7 d post V-band maximum. SN 2021foa shows prominent He i lines comparable in strength to the H $\alpha$ line around peak, placing SN 2021foa between the SN IIn and SN Ibn populations. The spectral comparison shows that it resembles the SN IIn population at pre-maximum, becomes intermediate between SNe IIn/Ibn, and at post-maximum matches with SN IIn 1996al. The photometric evolution shows a precursor at –50 d and a light curve shoulder around 17 d. The peak luminosity and colour evolution of SN 2021foa are consistent with most SNe IIn and Ibn in our comparison sample. SN 2021foa shows the unique case of an SN IIn where the narrow P-Cygni in H $\alpha$ becomes prominent at 7.2 d. The H $\alpha$ profile consists of a narrow (500–1200 km s$^{-1}$) component, intermediate width (3000–8000 km s$^{-1}$) and broad component in absorption. Temporal evolution of the H $\alpha$ profile favours a disc-like CSM geometry. Hydrodynamical modelling of the light curve well reproduces a two-component CSM structure with different densities ($\rho \propto$ r$^{-2}$–$\rho \propto$ r$^{-5}$), mass-loss rates (10$^{-3}$–10$^{-1}$ M$_{\odot }$ yr$^{-1}$) assuming a wind velocity of 1000 km s$^{-1}$ and having a CSM mass of 0.18 M$_{\odot }$. The overall evolution indicates that SN 2021foa most likely originated from an LBV star transitioning to a WR star with the mass-loss rate increasing in the period from 5 to 0.5 yr before the explosion or it could be due to a binary interaction.
GBMPurity: A Machine Learning Tool for Estimating Glioblastoma Tumour Purity from Bulk RNA-seq Data
Authors: Thomas Morgan P H , Ajaib Shoaib , Tanner Georgette , Bulpitt Andrew J , Stead Lucy F 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Glioblastoma (GBM) presents a significant clinical challenge due to its aggressive nature and extensive heterogeneity. Tumour purity, the proportion of malignant cells within a tumour, is an important covariate for understanding the disease, having direct clinical relevance or obscuring signal of the malignant portion in molecular analyses of bulk samples. However, current methods for estimating tumour purity are non-specific and technically demanding. Therefore, we aimed to build a reliable and accessible purity estimator for GBM.

Methods
We developed GBMPurity, a deep-learning model specifically designed to estimate the purity of IDH-wildtype primary GBM from bulk RNA-seq data. The model was trained using simulated pseudobulk tumours of known purity from labelled single-cell data acquired from the GBmap resource. The performance of GBMPurity was evaluated and compared to several existing tools using independent datasets.

Results
GBMPurity outperformed existing tools, achieving a mean absolute error of 0.15 and a concordance correlation coefficient of 0.88 on validation datasets. We demonstrate the utility of GBMPurity through inference on bulk RNA-seq samples and observe reduced purity of the Proneural molecular subtype relative to the Classical, attributed to the increased presence of healthy brain cells.

Conclusions
GBMPurity provides a reliable and accessible tool for estimating tumour purity from bulk RNA-seq data, enhancing the interpretation of bulk RNA-seq data and offering valuable insights into GBM biology. To facilitate the use of this model by the wider research community, GBMPurity is available as a web-based tool at: https://gbmdeconvoluter.leeds.ac.uk/.
ATP-CITRATE LYASEB1 supplies materials for sporopollenin biosynthesis and microspore development in Arabidopsis
Authors: Ma Chang-Kai , Wang Sheng-Hong , Shi Qiang-Sheng , Guo Meng-Die , Yang Yan-Ming , Fu Jia , Chen Xiao , Mao Yi-Chen , Huang Xue-Hui , Zhu Jun , Yang Zhong-Nan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Acetyl-CoA is the main substrate of lipid metabolism and functions as an energy source for plant development. In the cytoplasm, acetyl-CoA is mainly produced by ATP-citrate lyase (ACL), which is composed of ACLA and ACLB subunits. In this study, we isolated the restorer-4 (res4) of the thermo-sensitive genic male sterile mutant reversible male sterile-2 (rvms-2) in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). RES4 encodes ACLB1, and res4 harbors a point mutation (Gly584 to Arg) in the citryl-CoA lyase domain. Both the ACLA and ACLB subunits are expressed in the tapetal layer of anthers. RES4 is regulated by MS188, and the res4 point mutation leads to pollen with a defective exine structure. In res4, lipid accumulation was significantly reduced within the tapetum and locules. These results indicate that acetyl-CoA synthesized by ACL is used for sporopollenin biosynthesis in the tapetum. Microspore diameter was significantly smaller in res4 than in wild type, indicating that acetyl-CoA from the tapetum supplies microspore development. Previous studies have shown that delayed degradation of the tetrad wall in res2 and res3 provides additional protection for rvms-2 microspores. The reduced volume of res4 microspores may lessen the requirement for cell wall protection to restore rvms-2 fertility. This study reveals the function of ACL in anther development and the mechanisms of fertility restoration in photoperiod- and thermo-sensitive genic male sterile lines.
Are clinical, psychophysical, or psychological variables helpful for discriminating patients with tension type headache? A diagnostic accuracy study
Authors: Cigarán-Mendez Margarita , Pacho-Hernández Juan C , Tejera-Alonso Angela , Fernández-Palacios Francisco G , Valera-Calero Juan Antonio , Gómez Cristina , Fernández-de-las-Peñas César 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Importance
Diagnosis of tension-type headache (TTH) is a challengue for clinicians.

Objective
The aims of this study were: (1) to determine the ability of pain thresholds to differentiate between subjects with and without TTH; and (2) to determine the capability of clinical, psychological and psychophysical variables to differentiate between individuals with frequent episodic (FETTH) or chronic (CTTH) tension-type headache.

Design
A diagnostic accuracy study.

Setting
An urban hospital in Madrid (Spain).

Participants
One hundred (n = 100) individuals with TTH and 50 comparable non-headache subjects.

Main Outcomes
Pressure pain threshold (PPTs) over the temporalis muscle, cervical spine, second metacarpal, and tibialis anterior muscle and dynamic pain thresholds (DPT) were bilaterally assessed. Clinical headache parameters (headache diary), headache-associated burden (HDI), anxiety and depressive levels (HADS), sleep quality (PSQI), and state (STAI-S)—trait (STAI-T) anxiety levels were also evaluated. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, optimal cut-off point, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative likelihood ratios (LR) for each variable were calculated.

Results
Individuals with TTH exhibited lower PPTs and DPT than those without TTH. No significant differences in PPTs and DPT were found between FETTH and CTTH individuals. Overall, no clinical, psychological or psychophysical variable exhibited an acceptable ROC value (≥0.7) for identifying between TTH patients and non-headache controls or between subjects with FETTH and CTTH.

Conclusion
Although individuals with TTH exhibit widespread pressure pain hyperalgesia, neither clinical nor psychological nor psychophysical variable had proper diagnostic accuracy to discriminate between individuals with/without TTH or between those with FETTH and CTTH.

Relevance
Pressure pain thresholds should not be used at this stage as diagnostic tool for TTH. Further studies should clarify the clinical relevance of these findings.
The development and application of a bibliometric strength, potential and risk analysis for research strategy in a University Medical Center
Authors: Iping Rik , van Leeuwen Thed N , Noyons Ed , Burdorf Alex , Mathijssen Irene M J , van Leeuwen Johannes P T M , Cohen Adrian M 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper describes the development of a bibliometric strength, potential and risk analysis tool, and its applications for research strategy and evaluation. We focus specifically on the motivation, organizational strategic needs, the development and evaluation of the tool. Furthermore, we highlight the co-creation process of the tool and discuss the methodology behind the tool, how it works and initial feedback on how insights from the tool can be applied for research strategy and evaluation.
Transcriptomic analysis in liver spheroids identifies a dog-specific mechanism of hepatotoxicity for amcenestrant
Authors: Bajaj Piyush , Brennan Richard J , Laurent Sébastien , Sauzeat Sylvie , Dufault Michael , Richards Brenda , Adkins Karissa 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Therapeutic drugs can sometimes cause adverse effects in a nonclinical species that do not translate to other species, including human. Species-specific (rat, dog, and human) in vitro liver spheroids were employed to understand the human relevance of cholestatic liver injury observed with a selective estrogen receptor degrader (amcenestrant) in dog, but not in rat, during preclinical development. Amcenestrant showed comparable cytotoxicity in liver spheroids from all 3 species; however, its M5 metabolite (RA15400562) showed dog preferential cytotoxicity after 7 days of treatment. Whole genome transcript profiles generated from liver spheroids revealed downregulation of genes related to bile acid synthesis and transport indicative of strong farnesoid X receptor (FXR) antagonism following treatment with both amcenestrant and its M5 metabolite in the dog but not in rat or human. In human spheroids, upregulation of genes for detoxification enzymes indicative of pregnane X receptor (PXR) agonism was observed following amcenestrant treatment, whereas in the dog these genes were downregulated. The M5 metabolite showed gene dysregulation indicating PXR agonism in both rat and human, and antagonism in dog. Analysis of liver samples from a 3-mo dog toxicity study conducted with amcenestrant showed downregulation of several genes associated with PXR and FXR, corroborating the in vitro results. These results support the hypothesis that dogs are uniquely susceptible to cholestatic hepatotoxicity following administration of amcenestrant due to species-specific antagonism of FXR and highlight the value of in vitro liver spheroids to investigating mechanisms of toxicity and possible species differences.
The Diagnostic Utility of Host RNA Biosignatures in Adult Patients With Sepsis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Loi Mervin V. , Sultana Rehena , Nguyen Tuong Minh , Tia Shi Ting , Lee Jan Hau , O’Connor Daniel 
Published: January 2025

OBJECTIVES:
Sepsis is a life-threatening medical emergency, with a profound healthcare burden globally. Its pathophysiology is complex, heterogeneous and temporally dynamic, making diagnosis challenging. Medical management is predicated on early diagnosis and timely intervention. Transcriptomics is one of the novel “-omics” technologies being evaluated for recognition of sepsis. Our objective was to evaluate the performance of host gene expression biosignatures for the diagnosis of all-cause sepsis in adults.

DATA SOURCES:
PubMed/Ovid Medline, Ovid Embase, and Cochrane databases from inception to June 2023.

STUDY SELECTION:
We included studies evaluating the performance of host gene expression biosignatures in adults who were diagnosed with sepsis using existing clinical definitions. Controls where applicable were patients without clinical sepsis.

DATA EXTRACTION:
Data including population demographics, sample size, study design, tissue specimen, type of transcriptome, health status of comparator group, and performance of transcriptomic biomarkers were independently extracted by at least two reviewers.

DATA SYNTHESIS:
Meta-analysis to describe the performance of host gene expression biosignatures for the diagnosis of sepsis in adult patients was performed using the random-effects model. Risk of bias was assessed according to the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 tool. A total of 117 studies (n = 17,469), comprising 132 separate patient datasets, were included in our final analysis. Performance of transcriptomics for the diagnosis of sepsis against pooled controls showed area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.84–0.88). Studies using healthy controls showed AUC 0.87 (95% CI, 0.84–0.89), while studies using controls with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) had AUC 0.84 (95% CI, 0.78–0.90). Transcripts with excellent discrimination against SIRS controls include UrSepsisModel, a 210 differentially expressed genes biosignature, microRNA-143, and Septicyte laboratory.

CONCLUSIONS:
Transcriptomics is a promising approach for the accurate diagnosis of sepsis in adults and demonstrates good discriminatory ability against both healthy and SIRS control subjects.
Development of machine learning-based models for vault prediction in implantable collamer lens surgery according to implant orientation
Authors: González-Cruces Timoteo , Aguilar-Salazar Francisco Javier , Tort Jordi Marfany , Sánchez-Ventosa Álvaro , Villarrubia Alberto , Mateu Jose Lamarca , Barraquer Rafael I. , Pardina Sergio , Palacios David Cerdán , Cano-Ortiz Antonio 
Published: January 2025

Purpose:
The main objective was to develop a prediction model based on machine learning to calculate the postoperative vault as well as the ideal implantable collamer lens (ICL) size, considering for the first time the implantation orientation in a Caucasian population.

Setting:
Arruzafa Ophthalmological Hospital (Cordoba, Spain) and Barraquer Ophthalmology Center (Barcelona, Spain)

Design:
Multicenter, randomized, retrospective study.

Methods:
Anterior segment biometric data from 235 eyes of patients who underwent ICL lens implantation surgery were collected using the anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) CASIA II, to train and validate five types of multiple regression models based on advanced machine learning techniques. To perform an external validation a dataset of 45 observations was used.

Results:
The Pearson correlation coefficient between observed and predicted values was similar in the five models in the external validation, with least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression being the highest (r = 0.62, p < 0.001), followed by random forest regression model (r = 0.60, p < 0.001) and backward stepwise regression (r = 0.58, ρ < 0.001). In addition, the predictions generated by the different models showed closer agreement with the actual vault compared with the Nakamura formulas. Using the new methods, about 70% of the observations had a prediction error below 150 µm.

Conclusions:
Advanced forms of regressions models based on machine learning allow satisfactory calculation of the ideal lens size, offering greater precision to surgeons customizing surgery according to implant orientation.
Outcomes of Zero Power Intraocular Lenses: Insights into the Keratometric Index and Axial Length
Authors: Melles Ronald B. , Cooke David L. , Olsen Thomas 
Published: January 2025

Purpose:
We analyzed intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation in a series of patients with a zero diopter power implant. The idea was to bypass the Estimated Lens Plane (ELP), an important variable in normal IOL calculation.

Setting:
Large multi-center group practice.

Design:
Retrospective, observational study.

Methods:
A consecutive series of patients undergoing cataract surgery after optical biometry and implantation of a zero (0.0 D) power IOL were studied. Complete biometry was performed with an optical low coherence optical biometer. The predicted refraction was calculated with and without recalibrating the axial length (AL) using a Sum-Of-Segments (SOS) approach with the Hoffer Q, Holladay 1, SRK/T, Haigis, Barrett Universal II, and Olsen formulas. A ray tracing model to back-calculate the corneal power from the observed postoperative refraction and AL was also included.

Results:
In 52 eyes of 52 patients, mean prediction errors for the Hoffer Q, Holladay 1, SRK/T, Haigis, Barrett Universal II, and the Olsen formulas were +1.48, +1.15, +0.91, +0.65, +0.15 and +0.11 D respectively using standard AL and after SOS correction of the AL the mean errors changed to +1.08, +0.75, +0.52, +0.26, -0.25, and -0.27 D respectively. The mean back-calculated corneal power was 1.25 D lower than the mean keratometer reading using the standard keratometric index of 1.3375 and corresponded to an effective index of 1.328.

Conclusions:
The hyperopic error commonly seen in highly myopic eyes with classical thin-lens formulas is only partly corrected by SOS recalibration of the AL. We suggest the source of the residual error is an incorrect keratometric index.