bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cutaneous HSV‐2 infection with serial recurrences at multiple sites
Authors: Dacko Anne , Don Philip C. , Weinberg Jeffrey M. 
Published: March 2003

A 60‐year‐old white male presented to the dermatology clinic in early 1997 complaining of painful, recurrent lesions on his arms, legs, and hands for several months. At presentation, he was noted to have a cluster of erythematous pustules on his right thigh and left palm (Fig. 1). He had no systemic complaints, fever, chills or adenopathy. His past medical history included a seizure disorder, type 2 diabetes, coronary artery disease, benign prostatic hypertrophy, diverticulosis, and a history of bowel surgery. He reported he was in a monogamous relationship with a partner after the death of his wife of many years. He reported no history of similar lesions in the past. Biopsy of a lesion was performed, which was consistent with herpes virus infection. Basic screening labs at the time were all within normal limits. The lesions resolved within 10 days.Vesicular lesions on left palmimageThe following month, new lesions appeared on his right ankle and right medial calf. Within the second and third month after presentation, new lesions appeared on his left neck and right thigh, respectively. Biopsy of lesions from both time points again demonstrated pathology consistent with herpes virus infection.Within the next several weeks, the patient subsequently developed pustulovesicular lesions on his lower back with dermatomal pain. Serologies using ELISA for HSV‐1 and HSV‐2 were both positive for IgG; but both were IgM negative. He was started on famciclovir 500 mg po three times daily for 2 weeks, but continued to develop lesions on his right buttock and right hand (May 1998) (Fig. 2). Four viral cultures of lesions returned positive for HSV‐2.HSV infection of right palmimageValacyclovir 1 gram po three times daily was prescribed to suppress outbreaks and for 2 months, the patient had no new lesions. Serum protein electrophoresis was normal; and CD4 count done at this time was 1081. T‐helper to suppressor ratio and absolute numbers were within normal limits. The patient was seen in infectious disease clinic in the interim, and twice tested negative for HIV. Valacyclovir was decreased to 500 mg twice daily then to 500 mg daily over the next 5 months. On the lower dosage however, new lesions developed on his left leg and both hands, and the dose was increased to valacyclovir 1 gram po three times daily.For 3 months, the patient also complained of left facial swelling and pain. CT scan of the parotid glands showed enlargement bilaterally of the superficial lobes which was consistent with viral infection or synulosis. When the patient has stopped taking valacyclovir, new lesions developed on his posterior scalp, left shoulder, right posterior auricular scalp and right buttock (July 1999).As of the fall of 1999, the patient continued to have intermittent outbreaks clinically consistent with his previous HSV outbreaks.
Comparison of two surgical approaches for treating vitiligo: a preliminary study
Authors: Özdemir Mustafa , Çetinkale Oğuz , Wolf Ronni , Kotoğyan Agop , Mat Cem , Tüzün Binnur , Tüzün Yalçın 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground Surgical techniques have recently been introduced for patients with vitiligo. Randomized controlled trials have not been performed.Aim To compare the efficacy and side‐effects of two surgical methods (suction blister vs. thin split‐thickness graft technique) for the treatment of vitiligo.Methods Three suction blisters, approximately 0.8 cm in diameter, made with a special tool attached to a vacuum extractor, which were converted to erosions by removal of the roofs of the bullae, and one round erosion of approximately the same diameter, made using a silver knife, were created. One roof of a blister and two cutaneous thin split‐thickness grafts taken from the gluteal region were transferred onto recipient vitiliginous areas; one was left alone. The results were evaluated by one non‐blind and two blind observers bimonthly during the 3‐month follow‐up period.Results Repigmentation rates were 25–65% in the suction blister technique and 90% in the thin split‐thickness graft technique (P < 0.001).Conclusions The thin split‐thickness graft technique is superior to the suction blister technique in treating vitiligo.
Unusual location of cutaneous leishmaniasis on the hallux in a Brazilian patient
Authors: Ogawa Marília M. , Macedo Fernando S. , Alchorne Maurício M. A. , Tomimori‐Yamashita Jane 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA 70‐year‐old white Brazilian woman from a rural area had a 2‐year history of a painful lesion on her left toe. The lesion increased progressively in size followed by toenail destruction. She was treated with systemic antibiotics for secondary bacterial infection several times without any clinical response.Physical examination showed an erythematous swelling on the first toe with an irregular 2.5 cm ulcer with a raised edge that was infiltrating and destroying the toenail. The bottom of the ulcer was granular and partially covered with a crust (Fig. 1).Erythematous swelling on the first toe showing an ulcer and toenail destructionimageLaboratory studies showed a strong positive Montenegro intradermal reaction (2.5 mm). Other intradermal reactions were also performed, such as purified protein derivative (PPD) and sporotrichin, which were negative. On X‐ray examination of the left foot, bone destruction of the distal phalanx of the first toe and a soft tissue swelling were observed (Fig. 2).X‐ray examination: bone destruction of the distal phalanx and a soft tissue swellingimageA biopsy was taken and the histologic picture showed a chronic inflammatory change with tuberculoid‐type granuloma and necrosis suggesting leishmaniasis, although parasites were not observed.Based on the clinical, histologic, and immunologic aspects, we concluded that this was a case of leishmaniasis. Methylglucamine (Glucantime®) was introduced at a total dose of 17 g of the salt (10 mg/kg daily for 40 days). Immediately after the start of treatment, the lesion began to improve, and 4 months later the lesion had healed completely and the dystrophic nail had started to grow (Fig. 3).Complete healing of the wound and dystrophic nail growthimage
An atypical, painful foot ulcer
Authors: Gill Jona K. , El‐Azhary Rokea A. , Davis Mark D. P. 
Published: March 2003

A 27‐year‐old woman presented with a 2‐year history of a progressively enlarging, painful ulcer on her right foot. Two years earlier, she had noticed an apparent wart on her right foot. The lesion had been treated with liquid nitrogen. An ulcer developed at the site of treatment and enlarged progressively, becoming so painful that she had difficulty walking. Extensive surgical debridement and closure were unsuccessful in healing the ulcer; the ulcer grew larger and more painful. After an amputation was recommended by her local doctors, the patient sought another opinion.At physical examination, the patient had a painful, 9.5 cm × 5 cm ulcer on the plantar aspect of the right foot (Fig. 1). Exuberant, rolled borders were present, and a yellow exudate covered the base of the lesion. The right inguinal lymph nodes were enlarged and firm. A punch biopsy specimen from the ulcer border was examined.A 27‐year‐old woman presented with a 2‐year history of a progressively enlarging, painful ulcer on the right foot. At physical examination, she had a painful, 9.5 cm × 5 cm ulcer on the plantar aspect of the right footimageMicroscopic examination of a hematoxylin and eosin preparation of the punch biopsy specimen showed a reasonably well‐demarcated neoplasm within the deep reticular dermis down to the dermal‐pannicular junction (Fig. 2). This proliferation was composed of a population of round cells and spindle cells. The round cells were arranged in nests separated by delicate, fibrous septa, and the spindle cell proliferation was intercalated between collagen bundles. The nuclei of both cell types were uniform and vesicular with prominent nucleoli. No typical or atypical mitotic figures were identified within this proliferation. Staining with S‐100 protein was strongly positive. These findings were consistent with a clear cell sarcoma.Microscopic examination of the punch biopsy specimen from the edge of the ulcer in Fig. 1 showed a neoplasm composed of round cells and spindle cells in the deep reticular dermis (hematoxylin and eosin; A, × 100; B, × 400)imageA biopsy specimen from the right inguinal lymph node was positive for metastatic clear cell sarcoma. Chest radiography and computed tomography showed multiple nodules throughout both lungs. The patient received five cycles of therapy with cisplatin, vinblastine, dacarbazine, and interferon‐α, and is alive 2 years later.
Shortness of breath: an uncommon side‐effect of cyproterone acetate in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia
Authors: Mallari Rica , Sinclair Rodney D. 
Published: March 2003

Cyproterone acetate is indicated for treatment of acne, hirsutism, seborrhea, and androgenetic alopecia in females. In general this medication is well tolerated in standard doses. Shortness of breath has been previously reported in men with prostatic carcinoma, receiving high‐dose (200 mg/day) treatment with cyproterone acetate. We report a 66‐year‐old lady taking 50 mg/day of cyproterone acetate for biopsy proven androgenetic alopecia, who developed this unusual complication of shortness of breath. To our knowledge it has not been previously reported in women undergoing treatment for androgenization.
Intramuscular lipoma within the temporal muscle
Authors: Ban Masanori , Kitajima Yasuo 
Published: March 2003

A 61‐year‐old male presented with a 6‐month history of a subcutaneous nodule on the left forehead, which had gradually enlarged. He had suffered from headaches from 20 days before the first visit. His medical history included hepatitis C virus infection. He had had no history of trauma in this area.Clinical examination showed a subcutaneous soft nodule, 15 × 15 mm in size, which was adjacent to the left superficial temporal artery (Fig. 1). Though this artery revealed strong pulsation, the nodule had neither pulsation nor tenderness. His headache was localized in the left temporal area. He had no complaints of fever or weakness. Clinically, these features suggested a pseudoaneurysm of the superficial temporal artery.A subcutaneous soft nodule adjacent to the superficial temporal arteryimageWe operated on him under local anesthesia. An incision through the skin and subcutaneous fat exposed a nodule located within the temporal muscle. The fine branches of the superficial temporal artery reached out to the nodule through the muscle. After ligation of the branches, we resected the nodule surrounded by muscular tissue. Histopathology showed the proliferation of mature adipose cells embedded in muscular fibers. These cells had no nuclear pleomorphism or mitoses (Fig. 2). The tumor tissue contained partial fibrosis and some muscular fiber bundles scattered between the adipose cells (Fig. 3). Intramuscular lipoma within the temporal muscle was diagnosed.Proliferation of the mature adipose tissue within the muscle (hematoxylin‐eosin stain; magnification ×5.5)imageSome muscle bundles scattered between adipose cells (hematoxylin‐eosin stain; magnification ×22)imageHis headache was reduced after the operation, and he has had no recurrence of the tumor for 16 months. The relationship between the tumor and his headache was unknown.
Leg ulcers and hydroxyurea: report of three cases with essential thrombocythemia
Authors: Demirçay Zeynep , Cömert Asuman , Adıgüzel Cafer 
Published: March 2003

A 65‐year‐old woman with essential thrombocythemia (ET) had been taking oral hydroxyurea (HU), 1000 mg daily, for 7 years. Six months ago, she developed an ulcer on the outer part of her left ankle, which healed spontaneously within 2 months. She presented with a new, tender, shallow ulcer, 2 cm × 2 cm in size, at the same site. Doppler examination revealed thrombosis of the left common femoral vein and a calcified atheroma plaque of the left common femoral artery. The dosage of HU was decreased to 500 mg daily when the platelet counts were found to be within normal levels. The ulcer completely healed within 2 months with occlusive wound dressings, and has not recurred within the follow‐up period of 1 year.
A 56‐year‐old women presented with multiple, painful, leg ulcers of 1 year duration. She had been diagnosed as having ET and had been on HU therapy, 1500 mg/day, for the past 5 years. Interferon‐α‐2b was started 3 months ago, in addition to HU, which was tapered to 1000 mg daily. She had suffered from hypertension for 20 years treated with nifedipine and enalapril, and had recently been diagnosed with diabetes mellitus which was controlled by diet. Examination revealed three ulcers located on the lateral aspects of both ankles and right distal toe. Arterial and venous Doppler examinations were within normal limits. Histopathology of the ulcer revealed nonspecific changes with a mixed inflammatory cell infiltrate around dermal vessels. The ulcers completely healed within 10 weeks with topical hydrocolloid dressings. After healing, she was lost to follow‐up. A year later, it was learned that she had developed a new ulcer at her right heel, 3 months after her last visit (by phone call). This ulcer persisted for 8 months until HU was withdrawn.
A 64‐year‐old woman with ET presented with a painful leg ulcer of 6 months’ duration. She had been taking oral HU for 5 years. She had a 20‐year history of hypertension treated with lisinopril. Examination revealed a punched‐out ulcer of 2 cm × 2 cm over the right lateral malleolus (Fig. 1). Doppler examination of the veins revealed insufficiency of the right greater saphenous and femoral veins. Angiography showed multiple stenoses of the right popliteal and femoral arteries. As her platelet count remained high, HU was continued. During the follow‐up period of 13 months, the ulcer showed only partial improvement with local wound care.

Punched‐out ulcer surrounded by an erythematous border over the right malleolus (Case 3)image
Unusual case of cutaneous tuberculosis associated with rheumatoid arthritis: a case report and literature review
Authors: Faghihi G. , Yoosefi A. 
Published: March 2003

We report a 47‐year‐old female patient with a 10‐year history of rheumatoid arthritis who presented with painful ulcerative plaques on the extremities at our clinic in St. Zahra University Hospital on February 2001.These plaques, diagnosed as cutaneous leishmaniasis, were 2 years old, but the patient was without any cure from the specific treatment she had been prescribed. Later, these skin lesions were misdiagnosed as pyoderma gangrenosum and she was treated by high‐dose oral prednisolone, but she did not improve at all.After she was referred to our clinic, routine laboratory tests, PPD, chest X‐ray and skin biopsy with tissue cultures were carried out. Finally, her cutaneous lesions turned out to be cutaneous tuberculosis, which responded successfully to antituberculosis treatment.
Abdominal pigmentation and growth temperature in Drosophila melanogaster: Similarities and differences in the norms of reaction of successive segments
Authors: David Jean R. , Capy Pierre , Gauthier Jean‐Pierre 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIn Drosophila melanogaster females, pigmentation of the abdominal tergites exhibits a large phenotypic variability which depends on growth temperature. The phenotypic plasticity of this trait was investigated in a European population, using isofemale lines, by rearing the larvae and pupae at 6 different temperatures ranging from 14 to 31° C. For the last three abdominal segments (5, 6 and 7), the dark pigmented area decreases when growth temperature increases. However, the shapes of the response curves are significantly different, as shown by analysing slope variations, suggesting that genes interact differently in regulating the phenotypic expression of successive segments.Also, the correlation between the values of the same line at two temperatures exhibited a decrease proportional to the temperature interval considered. Genetic variability between lines was analyzed by calculating the coefficient of intraclass correlation, t. This parameter was not influenced by growth temperature and, according to the segment, ranged from 0.40 to 0.54. Such high values suggest a large proportion of non‐additive effects. A multivariate analysis helped to visualize the diversity of the reaction norms among lines. Overall pigmentation variations are presumed to have an adaptive significance, related to the thermal balance of adult flies; on the other hand, the differences between segments could reflect developmental constraints without a direct adaptive value.
Experimental manipulation reveals differential effects of colour pattern on survival in male and female pygmy grasshoppers
Authors: Forsman  , Appelqvist  
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Populations of pygmy grasshoppers, Tetrix subulata, exhibit genetically coded discontinuous variation in colour pattern. To determine whether the dynamics of this polymorphism is likely to be affected by selective processes, rather than by stochastic events, we experimentally manipulated colour patterns of free-ranging grasshoppers and then calculated and controlled for differences in capture probabilities between categories of individuals before estimating and testing for differences in survival using mark–recapture data and program SURGE. We found that paint treatment had a significant effect on survival, and that the relationship between colour pattern and survival was different in males and females. Our analyses also revealed significant differences between sexes in relative frequencies of natural colour morphs, body size, activity pattern, dispersal distance and microhabitat use. These findings accord with the hypothesis that colour pattern and behaviour jointly determine susceptibility to visual predators. Our data enable us to reject the null-hypothesis that colour pattern is a selectively neutral character and that the polymorphism is maintained solely by stochastic processes, such as random genetic drift and founder events. Indeed, the effect of dorsal coloration on survival, together with associations between colour pattern and many biologically important traits (body size, behaviour, thermal capacity, physiology and reproductive performance), suggests that colour pattern is likely to significantly influence individual fitness, and that the polymorphism must be maintained by some active process, such as spatially variable selection in combination with gene flow. The possible role of colour polymorphism as an intermediate stage in the evolution of sexual dichromatism in animals is discussed.
Inbreeding depression in Campanula rapunculoides L. I. A comparison of inbreeding depression in plants derived from strong and weak self-incompatibility phenotypes
Authors: Vogler  , Filmore  , Stephenson  
Published: March 2003

Abstract
The evolution of selfing taxa from outcrossing ancestors has occurred repeatedly and is the subject of many theoretical models, yet few empirical studies have examined the immediate consequences of inbreeding in a population with variable expression of self-incompatibility. Because self-incompatibility breaks down with floral age in Campanula rapunculoides, we were able to mate outbred and selfed maternal plants in a crossing design which produced progeny with inbreeding coefficients of 0, 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75. Cumulative inbreeding depression in plants that were selfed for one generation was very high in families derived from strongly self-incompatible plants (average δ = 0.98), and somewhat lower in families derived from plants with weaker expression of self-incompatibility (average δ = 0.90). Relative to outbred progeny, inbred progeny produced fewer seeds, had lower rates of germination, less vegetative growth and fewer flowers per plant. Inbred progeny also took longer to germinate, and longer to produce a first leaf and to flower. Interestingly, inbred plants also produced 40% fewer seeds than outcrossed plants (t-test P &lt; 0.001) even when mated to the same, unrelated pollen donor, suggesting that inbreeding can produce profound maternal effects. Most importantly, our results demonstrate that progeny derived from plants with stronger expression of self-incompatibility exhibited greater levels of inbreeding depression than progeny from plants with weaker expression of self-incompatibility. Moreover, the decline in fitness (cumulative, ln-transformed) over the four inbreeding levels was steeper for the progeny of the strongly self-incompatible lineages. These empirical results suggest that inbreeding depression and mating system phenotype have the potential to coevolve.
Spatiotemporal variation in selection on body size in the dung fly Sepsis cynipsea
Authors: Blanckenhorn  , Morf  , Mühlhäuser  , Reusch  
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Standardized measures of the strength of selection on a character allow quantitative comparisons across populations in time and space. Spatiotemporal variation in selection influences patterns of adaptation and the evolution of characters and must therefore be documented. For the dung-breeding fly Sepsis cynipsea, we document patterns of variation in sexual, fecundity and larval and adult viability selection on body size at several spatiotemporal scales: between-populations, over the season, over the day and between dung pats. Adult viability selection based on residual physiological survivorship in the laboratory was nil or weakly negative. In contrast, larval viability selection in two laboratory environments was weakly positive for males at low competition and females at high competition. Fecundity selection was positive and strong at all times and in all populations. Sexual selection reflecting pairing success was overall strongly positive (about three times stronger than fecundity selection), while selection reflecting male reproductive success via the clutch size of his mate (i.e. assortative mating) was essentially nil. Only sexual selection varied significantly at coarse (between populations and seasonally) but not at fine (within a day or between pats on a pasture) spatial and temporal scales. Quadratic and correlational selection differentials were low and inconsistent in all episodes except for fecundity selection, where there was some evidence that clutch size reaches an asymptote at large body sizes, implying weaker selection for large size as females get bigger. Implications of these results for the evolution of body size and body size dimorphism are discussed.
Critical weight for the induction of pupariation in Drosophila melanogaster: genetic and environmental variation
Authors: De Moed G. H. , Kruitwagen C. L. J. J. , De Jong G. , Scharloo W. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Timing of puparium formation in Drosophila melanogaster is set by reaching a critical stage at which larvae attain the ability to pupariate. This critical stage is reached at a relatively constant size characterized by the mean critical weight, i.e. the weight at which 50% of surviving larvae pupate without further feeding. The mean critical weight might be affected by larval growth conditions. This hypothesis was tested by determining the mean critical weight in larvae raised at three temperatures and two food levels, for two isofemale lines from two populations. Pupariation probability is a function of larval weight. The two environmental variables affect pupariation probability and mean critical weight differently. Food level does not affect critical weight but affects weight-independent mortality; higher temperatures lead to a reduction of mean critical weight. Mean critical weight shows substantial differences between lines; the differences are maintained over temperatures. Genetic variation in mean critical weights has ecological and evolutionary implications.