bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Impact of Temporal Resolution on Nonlinear Model Accuracy for Predicting Wear Due to Solid Particle Erosion in Digital Twins of Oil and Gas Equipment
Authors: Pauli G. , Demay M. B. , Mata A. M. da , Rodrigues S. , Xavier J. M. , Oliveira Braga J. de , Donatelli G. D. , Margotti E. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The use of mathematical models in conjunction with sensor data in digital twins provides a powerful tool to optimize performance, improve efficiency, and reduce costs. Nevertheless, the reliability of model estimations depends on a careful consideration of the specific requirements of the system, the quality of the sensor data, and the level of technical expertise required to implement and validate those models. In this sense, two issues play a relevant role: the input data sampling frequency and the model estimation frequency. Since there are several data sources, like sensors, test and project data, each one with its own acquisition configuration, the input parameters are obtained with different time intervals. Some of them, such as process data, can be acquired in millisecond intervals, while laboratory data, in intervals of several months. On the other hand, slow dynamic phenomena such as erosion and corrosion do not require high model estimation frequency, which may demand a huge amount of computational resources for storage and processing. Hence, the implementation of digital twins demands the conditioning of the input data with algorithms like averages, resampling and interpolation, which may lead to different model estimations, according to the parameters used in the estimation. This paper explores the influence of different frequencies of partial calculations on the accuracy of a nonlinear model, the DNV erosion model, used to predict wear of oil and gas equipment caused by solid particle erosion. The DNV erosion model is based on empirical data and considers several input parameters such as pressure, temperature, flow and sand content. To investigate the impact of different frequencies of partial calculations, the model was run using several temporal resolutions ranging from daily to yearly calculations, using real production data from the Volve field. The outcomes suggest that temporal resolution can have a significant impact on the accuracy of the cumulative wear predictions, mainly, due to the nonlinearity of the applied model and high variability of process parameters. This paper presents important insights into the use of nonlinear models in predicting wear due to solid particle erosion, and highlights the importance of considering the temporal resolution of partial calculations when developing and employing such models. These findings have important implications for the development and optimization of oil and gas equipment used in harsh environments where solid particle erosion is a significant concern.
Deep-Water Floating Offshore Wind Turbine Concept for Subsea Water Injection
Authors: Simos A. N. , Salles M. B. , Monaro R. M. , Martins M. R. , Mas-Soler J. , Gay A. , Franzini G. R. , Carmo B. S. , Pesce C. P. , Morishita H. M. , Carvalho D. F. , Amaral G. A. , Lima B. C. , Terra L. S. , Harger A. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This article presents technical aspects concerning the design of a Floating Offshore Wind Turbine (FOWT) that is devised for supplying energy to a subsea water injection system (SWI) in a deep-water region. The main purpose of the project is to replace the conventional energy supply provided by gas turbines by wind energy, thus contributing to the decarbonization of offshore O&G production. The water injection scenario was defined by Petrobras and includes subsea pumps with power distribution and control system placed on- board the FOWT. The FOWT substructure and its mooring system were dimensioned by means of a coupled optimization procedure, which took into account the metocean characteristics of the site by means of long-term series of combined wind, waves and current data. A BESS (Battery Energy Storage System) was adopted to stabilize the off-grid electrical system and optimized to limit the subsea electrical motors stoppages. Aiming to provide realistic estimates of injected water volume, typical wind turbine efficiency factors and fault rates were considered in the analyses together with repair times calibrated according to the application scenario.
Quick Response for Risk Mitigation in Oil Services Operations: A Case Study of Poka-Yoke Application
Authors: Amaral Laryssa C. , Biazussi Jorge L. , Almeida Sarah de , Gomes Flaviano J. , Araujo Dimitri A. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This paper presents an innovative solution to mitigate the risk of unintended lifting clamp selection in Electrical Submersible Pump (ESP) installations by implementing the Poka-Yoke methodology. The potential for accidents in oilfield operations can be grave, so proactive measures must be taken. Through a thorough case study investigating a dropped ESP seal, an integrated approach to safety and quality risk analysis led to the implementation of Poka-Yoke for continuous improvement to minimize risks and improve process reliability. The implementation of a Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) infused with the ingenious Poka-Yoke tool from Lean Manufacturing Methodology was initiated to curtail potential hazards in ESP installations. The following steps were taken: (1) Creation of a Multidisciplinary Team, including those who work directly in the process; (2) Route Cause Analysis and Hazard Assessment; (3) Brainstorming Sessions to fortify ideas and procedures for the detection and eradication of threats using the Poka-Yoke concept; (4) Implementation of a Pilot-Scale Solution; (5) follow-up meetings for Process Revision, (6) Improvement process lead by process revision, and (7) dissemination of knowledge to the entire company through workshops and pre-job meetings. The Poka-Yoke system employs a color code system that matches the lifting clamps with their corresponding ESP equipment. Furthermore, a custom colored-scale caliper was implemented to check the diameters of the equipment and their respective lifting clamps, ensuring that they are correctly matched. The use of visual signals instead of texts in this system greatly simplifies the information conveyed, making it more accessible and understandable to all stakeholders involved in the operation. The article introduces a Lean Manufacturing Methodology concept adapted for service delivery, emphasizing the reduction of operational risks. By utilizing the Poka-Yoke tool to detect and prevent errors, it is possible to enhance the reliability of a process. This is achieved by reducing the probability of errors resulting from human error or other factors, which in turn can minimize the occurrence of defects, rework, and other quality-related concerns that could compromise the process's reliability.
Human Factors Approach to Assess Risks and Reliability in Offshore Operations with FRAM (Functional Resonance Analysis Method)
Authors: França Josué E. Maia , Hollnagel Erik 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Working onboard offshore oil platforms, whether for production or drilling, presents a series of risks, involving two substances that are naturally unhealthy and dangerous - crude oil and natural gas. It is therefore necessary to develop integrated management systems that balance business needs, resource constraints, technical capabilities, and emerging risks. In addition, it is necessary to meet the regulatory requirements, which in Brazil are determined by ANP (Agência Nacional do Petróleo, Gás Natural e Biocombustíveis). In view of the Human Reliability regulatory requirements, a dedicated study was developed, seeking to align the expectations of the regulator, the company’s resources and the validated methodologies of analysis, a requirement of the ANP itself. As a result, following HSE publications and ANP guidance, it was observed that the FRAM (Functional Resonance Analysis Method) methodology, simultaneously, can meet both the demands of Human Reliability and Human Factors. From the activities performed onboard offshore units that present the most complex combination of risks, the operations with nitrogen (generation and freezing storage) and the operation of the gas dehydration unit, were selected to be analyzed with FRAM. The results of these analyses, in addition to failures, it was also perceived that human adaptive behavior, a building element of system resilience, promotes safe operational continuity, even with the partial or complete loss of intrinsic safety barriers.
Digital Transformation in the O&G Industry with the Use of Drones
Authors: Faustino R. , da Silva G. L. L. , Coelho F. M. , Ovalle A. , Santos J. L. B. , Silva C. L. , da Silva D. M. P. , de Araujo M. V. C. , Felix N. M. , Minette R. S. , Hermeto T. S. , Ramos G. S. , Cordeiro M. M. , Marinho C. A. , Ceccolin H. , Cairo A. V. , Machado F. S. , Porto B. C. , dos Santos D. R. M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe present in this work how to apply the concept of Center of Excellence (CoE), formed by a multidisciplinary team, in order to contribute to adopt in scale, validate, test and develop UAs (Unmanned Aircrafts or popularly known as Drones) for several challenges of the O&G industry, in the context of digital transformation.The digital transformation, supported by different technologies, allows companies to rethink their processes, optimizing time and costs, improving working conditions and reducing the exposure of their employees to risks. In the same direction, a structured team composed of professionals from different knowledge areas allows robustness for this transformation.This article presents how the CoE structure is organized to promote innovation at scale, supporting better procurement strategies, working with innovation teams, disseminating knowledge and supporting business intelligence, aligned with the value stream and always according to regulatory and legal issues.Some initiatives for the adoption of Drones technology are presented according to their level of technical (TRL) and commercial (CRL) readiness level, the appropriate mechanisms for their use in scale of high TRL and CRL solutions in certain situations, and other actions. This paper also describes some examples of applications for the O&G industry, pointing out the CoE contribution and the main future challenges.The novelty presented in this article is the application of the CoE concept to Drones in the context of the O&G industry as enabler for Digital Transformation.
Explaining Driller Methodology Mitigation of Compensator Induced Vibration of Passive Heave Compensator for Drill Bit in Contact Operation
Authors: Sánchez William Humberto Cuéllar , Yamamoto Marcio , Benine André , Fortaleza Eugênio Libório Feitosa 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This article investigates how to handle amplification of resonance frequency through variation of PHC volume, and it also studies the Compensator Induced Vibration (CIV), which induces longitudinal oscillations of frequencies higher than the heave motion by modifying the damping friction coefficient. The methodology of this article consists of analyzing the frequency response of a lumped mass model of drill string with a linear PHC force, and their validation through temporal simulation of the validation model that considers the nonlinear PHC forces. As the main results, it is shown that the reduction of accumulator volume is a feasible option to mitigate the amplification in the case of resonance frequencies, and a requirement is put out to determine if the CIV may appear in the top drive heave motion.
NMR Data Processing Using Gamma Function in the Evaluation of Oil Viscosity in Reservoirs of Campos Basin, Offshore Brazil
Authors: Salazar J. P. , Borri J. , Longhi L. A. , Monlevade A. A. , Martins M. J. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The use of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) logs for petrophysical interpretation and evaluation in the oil and gas industry has become very important in the last decades, especially in Brazil, where the use of this technology was significantly increased in the evaluation of different formations. This is mainly because the porosity estimation provided by this technology is independent of lithology and can be associated with different pore sizes.
Nevertheless, the presence of hydrocarbon inside the pore space affect the NMR response in term of time decay. This response depends of the oil viscosity because time decay is faster for oils with high viscosity. For low gradient NMR technologies, oil decay varies from high time constant for light oil to short time constant for medium and heavy oil.
This paper presents the results of applying Gamma Inversion to process the logging-while-drilling (LWD) NMR data acquired in a well drilled in the Polvo Field, Offshore Brazil, in order to evaluate fluid viscosity.
The Gamma Inversion process uses probabilistic functions to generate a T2 spectrum, which can separate signals from different fluids and allow the analysis of fluid viscosity by comparing with simulated NMR data based on reservoir and fluid properties. The evaluated fluid viscosity from NMR data is validated with information obtained from fluid sampling and analysis.
WellRisk: A Program to Implement a Risk-Informed Decision System for Well Integrity
Authors: Colombo D. , Junior F. C. Couvre , Junior I. Ikeda , De Almeida L. M. , Pedrassa M. H. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This paper presents WellRisk, a program designed to implement a risk-informed decision system for well integrity management during the operational phase. It explores the industry's evolution regarding well integrity and safety practices, advocating for a new paradigm centered on quantitative risk assessment within a data-oriented approach. The methodology combines three pillars: reliability data from well barrier elements, figures of merit and acceptance criteria for decision-making inspired by the probabilistic safety assessment from the nuclear industry, and a specific quantitative risk model specially developed for operational decisions. The paper illustrates the application with a case study considering the failure of a well barrier element, the impact of mitigation actions, and the comparison with the risk of replacing the failed element through a heavy workover. The main message of the paper is, however, how to systematically implement the methodology and transition from subjective approaches to a data-oriented decision-making process, yielding improved efficiency in resource allocation, reduced operational expenses, increased well production uptime, and enhanced safety.
Decentralized Subsea Water Treatment and Injection System for Unlocking FPSO Hydrocarbon Processing Capacity and Reduce Costs
Authors: Hegdal T. , Passarelli F. M. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Voidage replacement is a pre-requisite to optimize production and hydrocarbon recovery in oil fields. Sometimes, deep water production systems suffer from low water injection (WI) uptime and the natural declining reservoir pressure. The congested FPSO topside makes modifications and upgrades expensive with long shutdowns. Therefore, complementing existing WI with subsea water treatment and injection may be considered attractive.
Moving process subsea allows for simplifying new developments and enables long tiebacks with ‘local’ and decentralized water treatment and injection.
Subsea seawater treatment for water injection has several inherent advantages compared to topside treatment. One significant aspect is the increased flexibility afforded to reservoir engineers in improving effective reservoir management by providing the opportunity to implement any desired water injection capacity, anywhere and anytime. In addition, the ability to provide ‘tailor made’ water for injection into oil reservoirs, that may be phased, is seen as a game changing opportunity for offshore oilfield production companies wishing to produce more, produce faster, and produce cheaper.
The solution, qualified for water depths down to 3,000 m, enables weight reduction and simplification of the topside process equipment, with its associated maintenance requirements and HSE footprint and enables more active reservoir management. The short distance the water travels, and the unique approach to water treatment make the subsea solution attractive with reduced energy and chemical consumption.
The modular approach and flexibility provide more freedom to manage the subsurface uncertainties, mitigating risks and pursuing upsides.
The process advantages of the seawater treatment plant being on the seabed allows for a design that is simplified compared to a corresponding topside plant. The all-electric design also has the capabilities to be installed, moved, and reused on the seabed with minimum impact on topside infrastructure.
There are several aspects of the design that reduce the HSE impact of water injection. This includes lower power consumption (reducing carbon footprint) and no (or significantly reduced) liquid chemical requirement; hence, lower handling exposure for operators, improving the operational safety.
A Cost-Effective Evaluation of a Modified Matrix Acidizing Treatment for Naturally Fractured Carbonates: Laboratory Studies and Field Application
Authors: Hegazy Amr , Hakim Emad Abdel , Saleh Khaled 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Successful matrix acid stimulation treatments require careful downhole placement and optimal zonal coverage. The acid must enter the zones with the highest permeability and/or lowest skin to maximize its effectiveness. Without proper fluid diversion, the acid tends to flow into the least damaged zones, leaving the most damaged zones undertreated. To achieve a skin factor on the order of −3 to −4, an effective diversion technique is crucial to ensure complete zonal coverage and remove damage throughout the producing interval.
This paper presents a modified matrix acidizing treatment explicitly developed for the fractured carbonate reservoir in the Gulf of Suez basin in the Eastern Desert of Egypt. The challenge was to treat the lower-permeability matrix while achieving a well-defined acid distribution between the flow zones of the natural fractures and the unfractured matrix, given the significant permeability contrast of 130:1.
Extensive experimental and laboratory tests were conducted to prepare a viscous pill that temporarily isolated the fractures or fissures network prior to the full acid treatment. Additionally, a passive diverter was employed instead of an active acid-based diverter, effectively diverting the acid away from each zone after pumping. The results of these novel diversion techniques demonstrated a remarkable sixfold increase in well productivity. The post-treatment evaluation, falloff analysis, and comparison with production logging and core analysis further supported the efficacy of the temporary isolation approach, particularly in treating the lower-permeability layers that are the primary target for matrix acidizing.
This paper showcases the applications and laboratory tests of this unique recipe and cost-effective diversion technique in fractured carbonate reservoirs and shares valuable lessons learned during the applications. The ultimate goal is to provide a comprehensive recipe that can be utilized worldwide, offering practical solutions for maximizing production and reservoir potential in similar reservoir environments.
Predictive Value of Supraventricular Short Runs for New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation in Patients with Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Sezenöz Burak , Yalçın Yakup , Caglayan Hale B. , Yazgan Elif , Kızıltunç Emrullah , Ünlü Serkan , Altıparmak Taylan , Nazlıel Bijen , Özdemir Hüseyin M. 
Published: October 2023

Background:
The clinical importance of supraventricular run (SVR) is uncertain in the management of patients with previous cerebrovascular events. We aim to evaluate the role of SVRs in the development of future atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients diagnosed with ischemic stroke.

Methods:
We retrospectively evaluated patients who underwent 24-h Holter monitoring for the evaluation of possible AF after ischemic cerebrovascular events. The presence and duration of SVR were noted. Subsequent diagnosis of AF was searched in patients with sinus rhythm.

Results:
A total of 694 patients were included in the analysis. SVR was detected in 104 (14.9%) patients in the study group. Seventy-one (10.2%) patients were diagnosed with AF in the follow-up. SVRs were more prevalent among patients with AF (P < 0.001). The median atrial run duration was 5.96 (2.02–17.84) s in the AF absent group vs. 8.76 (3.78–17.62) s in the AF present group (P < 0.001). The best predictive cut-off duration of an atrial run was 8 s (sensitivity = 61.5% and specificity = 74.4%, Area Under Curve (AUC) = 0.708). Cox regression analysis showed that age (odds ratio [OR]: 1.03, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.00–1.060, P = 0.020), presence of short supraventricular run (OR: 2.53, 95% CI 1.40–4.57, P = 0.002), and left atrial diameter (OR: 1.13 95% CI: 1.07–1.19, P < 0.001) were the independent predictors of AF development in the follow-up.

Conclusion:
Age, left atrial diameter, and the presence of SVRs are associated with an increased risk of future AF after ischemic stroke. SVR duration may be an important parameter in risk stratification.
Study of Histochemical and Immunohistochemical Profile in Grading of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oral Cavity
Authors: Gupta Arushi , Khetrapal Shaan , Rana Safia , Jetley Sujata , Monga Seema , Jairajpuri Zeeba Shamim 
Published: October 2023

Background and Aim:
Head-and-neck cancers (HNCs) are significant causes of morbidity and mortality in both the developed and developing worlds. One of the most common types of HNC is oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The rationale behind the present study is to analyze the effectiveness of nuclear proliferative markers in comparison to the various grades of OSCC. This study utilizes Anneroth’s histopathological multifactorial grading system for squamous cell carcinoma and further tends to compare this histological grading with nuclear proliferative indices of p53 and argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region (AgNOR). The aim of this study was to establish and develop a correlation between the proliferative markers, AgNOR and p53, and the histologic grade of the tumor (Anneroth’s grading).

Materials and Methods:
A total of 60 cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma were taken from October 2020 to September 2022. The histological grading was done according to Anneroth’s grading, and a score was given. P53 expression was graded according to the percentage of cells showing p53-positive immunostaining, and scoring was done from 0 to 3. The AgNOR score was calculated by examining 100 nuclei and calculating the mean AgNOR score per nucleus.

Results:
A significant linear correlation was obtained between the histological grading of OSCC and the proliferative markers (p53 and AgNOR).

Conclusion:
The analysis of the NOR count provides invaluable assistance in determining tumor aggressiveness and cellular proliferation rates. They can prove to be efficient tools to procure information on the malignant potential of different premalignant lesions. Elevated p53 expression implies greater clinical severity, a higher histological grade, and a poor prognosis for oral squamous cell carcinoma. Hence, the proliferative markers can be used as adjuncts to the histological grading system of OSCC.