bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single‐Shot Example Terrain Sketching by Graph Neural Networks
Authors: Liu Y. , Benes B. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractTerrain generation is a challenging problem. Procedural modelling methods lack control, while machine learning methods often need large training datasets and struggle to preserve the topology information. We propose a method that generates a new terrain from a single image for training and a simple user sketch. Our single‐shot method preserves the sketch topology while generating diversified results. Our method is based on a graph neural network (GNN) and builds a detailed relation among the sketch‐extracted features, that is, ridges and valleys and their neighbouring area. By disentangling the influence from different sketches, our model generates visually realistic terrains following the user sketch while preserving the features from the real terrains. Experiments are conducted to show both qualitative and quantitative comparisons. The structural similarity index measure of our generated and real terrains is around 0.8 on average.
Alternative Data as an External Governance Mechanism
Authors: Li Emma , Wang Zhengwei , Zhao Le 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTResearch Question/IssueThis study explores the relationship between the availability of alternative data and financial statement fraud among Chinese firms.Research Findings/InsightsWe first show that companies' online sales data, independently collected by a third‐party data vendor, can detect financial statement fraud before 2018, before which such alternative data were not available to the public. Second, we find that the association between financial statement fraud and the proxy constructed from alternative data becomes weaker after the publicity of alternative data. Third, we find that the impact from alternative data availability on corporate financial statement fraud is greater among firms with weaker external governance, such as firms with less analyst coverage, as well as lower quality auditors.Theoretical/Academic ImplicationsThis study enhances the understanding of the relationship between information environment characteristics and corporate fraud. We suggest a new information intermediary, alternative data providers, and investigate the role that alternative data play in financial statement fraud. And we also add to the growing literature regarding the impact of technology on corporate fraud and corporate governance.Practitioner/Policy ImplicationsThis study proposes a new measure to capture company managers' hidden behavior and provide new insights regarding the usefulness of company‐level online sales data, as provided by an independent entity in relation to financial statement fraud. These findings have important implications for investors, policymakers, and market participants in understanding the role of alternative data in detecting financial fraud and acting as an external governance mechanism.
Why is China Promoting Economic Globalization? A Leadership Theory of Globalization
Authors: Guo Meixin , Li David Daokui , Lang Kun 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis article proposes a leadership theory of globalization to explain how economic globalization occurs and evolves, and why China wants to take a leading role in globalization. The theory posits that an economy equipped with advanced industrial technology, a substantial domestic market, and robust institutional capacity is more likely to take the lead in driving economic globalization. Technological advantages in high‐tech industries position an economy favorably within the global value chains, maximizing its benefits from economic globalization. A large domestic market can entice other countries to agree to open their markets reciprocally. Institutional capacity enables governments to deter opposition to globalization from those disadvantaged by economic opening. This paper presents studies of historical cases of economic globalization and provides a three‐stage model of globalization. It argues that China has been gaining on three fronts in recent decades and is therefore willing to promote economic globalization.
Supply Chain Disruption and Import Strategy: Evidence from the Great East Japan Earthquake
Authors: Lu Fan , Li Zhicong , Cai Xinrong 
Published: January 2025

AbstractGlobal supply chain networks foster collaboration but accelerate cross‐border risk transmission. This study investigates the effect of the 2011 East Japan earthquake on Chinese firms' import strategies. The findings reveal that the disruption led to a shift toward supply chain concentration, with firms reducing the diversification of import sources. There was a slight increase in the number of countries from which firms sourced imports but import shares became more concentrated, reflecting a reliance on fewer, centralized suppliers. Firms affected by the earthquake prioritized long‐term partnerships and sought suppliers in regions with lower natural disaster risks, aiming to mitigate supply chain vulnerabilities and reduce switching costs. The findings also show that state‐owned enterprises, private firms, and research and development‐intensive firms were more inclined to centralize their import sources. This suggests that these firms, leveraging their larger scale, substantial resources, and robust risk management strategies, favored a more concentrated sourcing approach in order to better control their supply chains and ensure stability in the face of global disruptions.
Involving people with lived experience when setting cerebral palsy research priorities: A scoping review
Authors: Younan Evonne , McIntyre Sarah , Garrity Natasha , Karim Tasneem , Wallace Mark , Gross Paul , Goldsmith Shona 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAimTo describe research priority‐setting activities for cerebral palsy (CP) that have been conducted worldwide involving people with lived experience, focusing on participant characteristics, methods employed, identified research priorities, and collaboration as research partners.MethodThe JBI scoping review approach was followed. Six electronic databases and grey literature were searched for all publications up to February 2024. We extracted study and participant characteristics, methods, and research priorities. Priorities were then categorized into prevention and cure, quality of life and community engagement, and service provision and intervention.ResultsFive studies from North America and Australia met the inclusion criteria. Participants with lived experience were most often parents/caregivers (n = 135, proportion 12–80%), with 54 (proportion 12–25%) people with CP participating in the priority‐setting exercises. The studies' methods were varied, with surveys and workshops being the most common. The most reported category of research priorities was optimal intervention. People with lived experience collaborated as research partners (e.g. in aspects of study development/analysis/reporting) in four studies.InterpretationThis review, the first to examine CP research priority‐setting efforts on a global scale, identified five activities conducted to date. The small overall number of participants with lived experience of CP, originating only from North America and Australia, highlights the need for increased representation to better reflect the diverse CP community worldwide. Future projects need to address these gaps, using rigorous methodologies, and continued collaboration with research partners to ensure their perspectives shape and enhance the research agenda.
Idiosyncratic asset return and wage risk of US households
Authors: Snudden Stephen 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis paper documents the degree of idiosyncratic asset return heterogeneity, serial correlation, and correlation with wage heterogeneity for US households. Novel panel‐data measurements for returns on household assets are proposed. Sizable transitory idiosyncratic return heterogeneity is documented to exist concurrently with permanent heterogeneity in household‐specific returns. On average, idiosyncratic permanent risk to wages and transitory risk to total asset returns are correlated. This arises primarily from correlated wage and return risk to primary housing assets, and is dependent on age and wealth. The estimates inform the covariance structure of idiosyncratic asset return and wage heterogeneity.
The Enforcement Dilemma of EU Fiscal Rules
Authors: Kirchsteiger Georg , Larch Martin 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTEffective enforcement is an essential element of any fiscal rule. The EU's Stability and Growth Pact has been struggling with this truism since inception. We show that its effectiveness goes beyond the threat of fines. The notion that deficit‐prone member states adopt a more virtuous fiscal behaviour to avert sanctions is overshadowed by the realization that in the event of a major shock virtuous countries will come to their rescue as the survival of the entire system is at stake. Unless the underlying issues are addressed, the effectiveness of any EU fiscal rule remains limited.
Analysis of Crack‐Tip Field in Orthotropic Compact Tension Shear Specimens: The Role of Elastic Mode Mixity and T‐Stress
Authors: Jin Pengfei , Duan Xianghao , Luo Ce , Guo Qi , Liu Zheng , Wang Xin , Chen Xu 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe analysis of mixed‐mode crack propagation mechanisms in anisotropic materials remains a pivotal research focus. Although the compact tension shear (CTS) test is a recommended laboratory method, the lack of solutions for anisotropic crack‐tip field parameters hinders accurate assessment of stress states and deformations during crack propagation. To address this gap, this study conducted a systematic finite element analysis (FEA) to compute the elastic mode mixity and T‐stress results. It is found that by adjusting the loading angle along with the initial crack length, CTS tests on orthotropic specimens can similarly achieve a broad spectrum of Me at the crack‐tip. Statistical analysis indicates that applying isotropic solutions to estimate orthotropic T‐stress can lead to average errors of 234.1%. Subsequently, crack‐tip fields were analyzed, with crack initiation angles predicted using the maximum tangential stress (MTS) criterion and plastic zone profiles determined based on Hill's yield criterion. Larger fracture process zones enhance T‐stress correction effects on crack initiation angles, with positive T intensifying crack deflection, while negative T reduces it. Additionally, T also significantly affects the plastic zone's shape and size, with patterns varying according to material orthotropy. A detailed multiparameter characterization of crack‐tip fields will enhance the use of the CTS test for assessing multiaxial strength and mixed‐mode fracture mechanisms in anisotropic materials.
Proposing a New Crack Driving Force Parameter for Fatigue Crack Growth Rate of C–Mn Steel
Authors: Bharadwaj Prakash , Gupta Suneel K. , Arora Punit , Chattopadhyay J. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe present study is aimed at analyzing the fatigue crack growth rate data on compact tension (CT) and three‐point‐bend (TPB) specimens of C–Mn steel under different positive load ratios. Detailed elastic–plastic finite element analyses have been performed using nonlinear kinematic hardening rule of Chaboche material model. The numerically calculated plastic zone ahead of crack tip has been compared with measured plastic zone using digital image correlation technique. The fatigue crack growth rate curves have been analyzed with respect to different crack driving forces such as (i) single‐parameter stress intensity factor (SIF) range, (ii) two‐parameter‐based SIF (), and (iii) cyclic plasticity zone–based models. A new crack driving force has been proposed considering cyclic plastic zone and representative plastic strain accumulation within this zone. The parameter and proposed model resulted in improved assessments for different load ratios and constraint geometries (CT and TPB).
Rural Tourism: A Hybrid Review and Future Research Agenda
Authors: Choudhary Vikas , Datta Biplab , Mukherjee Srabanti 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTRural tourism (RT) is a fast‐growing sector that scholars believe is an effective strategy for sustainable development of rural areas. This study aims to review the extant literature on RT in developed and developing economies. No study till date has attempted to compare and contrast the key areas and current dynamics of RT in developed and developing economies. To address this important gap, this study adopts a hybrid review of bibliometric analysis and ADO‐TCM framework to (i) provide a comprehensive and retrospective overview of RT literature, (ii) compare the state of existing RT research in developed and developing economies, (iii) integrate various associations such as antecedents, decisions, and outcomes into an integrated conceptual framework, (iv) synthesize foundational theories, contextual factors and methodological approaches that have influenced and shaped RT, and (v) explore the multifaceted implications of RT on tourists, local community and tourism practitioners. This study investigates 454 studies, comprising 266 from developed and 188 from developing economies, to identify patterns in research in each from 1973 to 2023. This study reveals (i) productivity trend of RT literature and its foremost contributors (countries, authors, journals), (ii) important thematic cluster of RT research in both economies, and (iii) key factors influencing decisions and subsequent outcomes in RT domain. Additionally, the article identifies the significant gaps in the RT literature and offers specific recommendations for future investigation for researchers and practitioners. This review has numerous implications that can promote more sustainable ways of tourism by offering insights from the perspectives of various stakeholders.
Comparative study on the sintered porous A‐type carbonate apatite, B‐type carbonate apatite, and hydroxyapatite
Authors: Irawan Vincent , Akaike Kaori , Mizuno Hayato Laurence , Anraku Yasutaka , Sotome Shinichi , Okawa Atsushi , Yoshii Toshitaka , Ikoma Toshiyuki 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThere are two types of carbonated apatite (cap): A‐type and B‐type, where carbonate ions substitute for hydroxyl sites in A‐CAp and phosphate sites in B‐CAp. Despite the known capacity of CAp in supporting the activities of bone cells, the distinct potential of A‐CAp and B‐CAp as porous bone grafts is unclear. This study aimed to fabricate porous A‐CAp and B‐CAp and evaluate their biological activities in vitro and in vivo as compared to stoichiometric hydroxyapatite (HAp). Gelatin‐casting and freeze‐drying followed by sintering were used to produce A‐ and B‐CAp with high porosity ∼70%, pore sizes ∼100 µm, and high strength < 3 MPa. The carbonate contents of A‐ and B‐CAp were 3.83 and 4.5 wt%, respectively, as determined by thermal gravimetric analysis and calculations based on thermal decomposition reactions. A‐ and B‐CAp dissolved faster than HAp. A‐CAp had a higher affinity for albumin but poorer osteoblastic cell attachment, while both A‐ and B‐CAp had lower proliferation rates than HAp. After 2 weeks implantation in vivo, A‐CAp and HAp showed limited bone formation, whereas B‐CAp demonstrated bone ingrowth. Notably, A‐CAp showed enhanced osteoclast maturation. Both A‐CAp and B‐CAp were degradable after 8 weeks post‐implantation. Structural features and carbonate substitution types elicit different output on physicochemical, osteoconductivity, and degradability.
Referral for Diabetes Self‐Management Education and Support in Adult Primary Care: An Integrative Review
Authors: Gbaba Serina , Turkson‐Ocran Ruth Alma , Renda Susan , Ogungbe Oluwabunmi , Somervell Helina , Harne‐Britner Sarah , Commodore‐Mensah Yvonne , Baptiste Diana 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAimsThe purpose of this integrative review was to identify effective diabetes self‐management education and support for increasing adult primary care referrals, participation rates and improving health outcomes for persons with diabetes.DesignIntegrative review.MethodsA systematic literature search of PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase and CINAHL was performed by applying the PRISMA guidelines. Following Whittemore and Knafl's method, 11 papers were included for review.ResultsIntegration of diabetes self‐management education and support in primary care clinics and a multifaceted approach resulted in improved referral and participation rates, ameliorated glycated haemoglobin A1C and boosted patient, provider and staff satisfaction.ConclusionPatient‐centred multifaceted interventions can boost current diabetes self‐management education referrals and participation rates and enhance health outcomes for persons with diabetes. Nurses in their role as primary care providers, diabetes educators and clinic staff are well‐positioned to undertake this intervention. Further investigation is needed to explore the impact of these interventions among individuals with type 1 diabetes, gestational diabetes and those living across various global regions.Implications for Patient CareAlong with other healthcare providers, nurses are qualified to advocate for, and lead programmes that increase referrals for persons with diabetes to improve health outcomes. Additionally, as primary care providers, nurse practitioners are well placed to positively impact the outcomes of individuals with diabetes by referring them to diabetes self‐management education. Nurses, as diabetes educators, are well positioned to implement diabetes self‐management education which can improve patient outcomes.ImpactImproved referral of persons with diabetes to diabetes self‐management education and increased participation have the propensity to contribute to the achievement of positive health outcomes for individuals living with Type 2 Diabetes.Patient or Public ContributionThere is no patient or public contribution for this review.
Stromal Cell Derived Factor‐1 Promotes Hepatic Insulin Resistance via Inhibiting Hepatocyte Lipophagy
Authors: Lu Chunfeng , Zhang Yuting , Sun Cuilian , Na Yuhang , Sun Haotian , Ma Jianhua , Wang Xueqin , Cang Xiaomin 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTSaturated fatty acid (SFA) accumulation in liver decreases hepatocyte lipophagy, a type of selective autophagy that degrades intracellular lipid droplets, leading to hepatic insulin resistance (IR), which contributes to simultaneous increases in liver glucose production and fat synthesis, resulting in hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia traits of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Stromal cell derived factor‐1 (SDF‐1), a cytokine produced by hepatocytes, inhibits autophagy. In this study, we evaluated the hypothesis that SDF‐1 promoted hepatic IR via inhibiting hepatocyte lipophagy during T2DM. Furthermore, we probed the downstream pathway participating in the role of SDF‐1. The results showed that the neutralising of SDF‐1 improved hepatic IR via promoting hepatocyte lipophagy in a mouse high‐fat and high sucrose diet (HFHSD)‐induced T2DM model. In vitro, SDF‐1 expression and release increased in palmitic acid (PA, a kind of SFA)‐treated hepatocytes. Meanwhile, SDF‐1 bound to up‐regulated C‐X‐C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) and C‐X‐C chemokine receptor type 7 (CXCR7) on PA‐treated hepatocytes. Subsequently, SDF‐1 inhibited lipophagy in PA‐treated hepatocytes via CXCR4, rather than CXCR7. Finally, SDF‐1/CXCR4/protein kinase B (AKT)/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway‐inhibited lipophagy promotes PA‐induced hepatocyte IR. Collectively, this study discovered that SDF‐1 might inhibit lipophagy in SFA‐treated hepatocytes to promote hepatic IR via CXCR4/AKT/mTOR pathway.
The Effect of Plaque Detectors on the Color Stability of Two Types of Restorative Materials
Authors: Mazzitelli Claudia , Paolone Gaetano , Josic Uros , Mancuso Edoardo , Vichi Alessandro , Pastremoli Ginevra , Mazzoni Annalisa , Breschi Lorenzo , Maravic Tatjana 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo investigate the color stability of a one‐shade resin‐based composite material (RC) and a glass‐ionomer cement (GIC) after staining with plaque detectors (PDs) with different formulations and delivery forms.Materials and MethodsRectangular‐shaped specimens (7 × 3 × 2 mm) were produced with RC (Venus Diamond One, Kulzer) and GIC (Fujy IX GP, GC) (n = 30). Further, the following PDs were used on the specimens: (1) tablets (T; Plaq‐Search, TePe); (2) mouthwash (M; Plaque Agent, Miradent); and (3) light‐curing liquid (L; Plaque test, Ivoclar). The PDs were removed with dedicated toothbrushes (T1) and the specimens were repolished (T2). The protocol was repeated after 1 week of storage in artificial saliva (staining—T3 and repolishing—T4). Color measurement were performed at baseline (T0) and all testing times (T1—T4) using a recently introduced digital colorimeter (SmartColor, Smart Vision). Color changes (ΔEab) compared to T0 were automatically recorded by the digital instrument. The data were statistically analyzed (p < 0.05).ResultsThe type of PD, the polishing procedure and their interactions influenced the color stability of both restorative materials (p < 0.05). Particularly, after the second PDs application, M and L produced the highest color changes (p < 0.05), with GIC showing higher color variability than RC. Although repolishing reduced the color changes of RC (p < 0.05), it could not reestablish the initial color of GIC, irrespective of the PD used (p < 0.05). Except for RC associated with T, all materials exhibited discoloration above the clinical perceptibility (1.77) and acceptability (2.66) thresholds.ConclusionsThe influence of PDs on the color stability of RC and GIC was material‐dependent. GIC showed higher color instability than RC. Repolishing could not reestablish the original color of GIC and only attenuated the color changes of the one‐shade RC. The newly introduced digital colorimeter was an important tool to standardize and simplify color measurement evaluations.Clinical SignificancePDs can pose a potential risk to the color stability of restorative materials. Dental practitioners should be careful when recommending the frequency of at‐home application of PDs, taking into consideration the material properties and the position of the restorations of each patient.