bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Material characterization of EN AC-Al Si12CuNiMg alloy in stress relaxation and creep conditions
Authors: Sirata G G , Waclawiak K 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAl–Cu–Mg alloys are widely used in various applications, especially engine components, where it is subjected to elevated temperatures during operation. Prolonged exposure of these components to elevated temperatures gradually leads to creep and relaxation phenomena. This study aims to investigate the effects of temperature on stress relaxation and creep behavior of the aluminum-silicon alloy EN AC-Al Si12CuNiMg. Furthermore, this study evaluates the effect of temperature on the rheological model parameters of this alloy. Experimental tests were conducted to investigate the stress relaxation and creep behavior of this alloy at different temperatures of 150°C, 250°C, and 350°C. The rheological model parameters were then determined from the obtained experimental data. The Standard Linear Solid Model (SLSM) was used to fit the stress relaxation and creep curves obtained from the experiment. Overall, the results indicate that increasing temperature significantly affects the stress relaxation and creep behavior of the investigated alloy, with higher temperatures leading to increased relaxation and creep rates. Additionally, the rheological model parameters of the alloy were found to vary with temperature.
W-beam guardrail crash analysis and evaluation using finite element method
Authors: Lerabo Y S , Habte H S 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Guardrails are highly recommended to be erected in the median and side corner of a highway road to secure vehicle accidentally loss it track, supports the safety of the vehicle driver and passenger from catastrophic accidents. The design and constructions of different guardrails are done confirming standard to retain their performance that related to energy absorption capacity. Besides, damaged guardrails that compromise their performance are seen in highways due to poor maintenance or repair. This study was conducted to investigate the structural integrity of W-beam guardrail damage. An impact test which leads to non-linear material deformation behavior was simulated using commercially available software, ABAQUS. The geometrical models of the guardrail were modeled adopting AASHTO standard, and a representative Jeep truck used to impact the guardrail at 90o with 42.26km/hr speed. The non-conforming W-beam guardrail was modeled considering a loss connection of supporting leg with the W-beam. Results of the study showed that the structural integrity of the damaged guardrail is affected as the internal and plastic energy was decreased from the W-beam guardrail without damage. More, the damaged W-beam was displaced more, by 14.15%, to the restricted area as compared to the W-beam guardrail without damage.
Impact of and solutions to effects of climate changes for Longyearbyen, Svalbard, Norway
Authors: Winther S N , Gudmestad O T 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Climate changes forces us to make significant mitigation and adaptation measures. As temperature rises and the environmental conditions changes, a variety of challenges occur. Across the whole globe, harming consequences are already being experienced. The Arctic region is particularly vulnerable to changes in Earth’s climate system, especially because of the albedo effect, and the region is already heavily impacted. Primarily through the melting of ice, both sea ice and glaciers, permafrost thawing and changing precipitation patterns. Longyearbyen, Svalbard, is one examples of a society having to change as a direct result of global warming. This paper focuses on the challenges Longyearbyen will be facing and possible adaption methods and solutions. Because of environmental changes, the risk of natural hazards will increase, infrastructure will get damaged and traditional engineering methods will be impossible to implement. This is threatening to human lives as well as the habitat and survival of mammals, birds, and plants. It will be essential to find ways to predict and limit the effects of climate challenges, by protecting people and infrastructure from them. This will require innovation, adaption and risk-taking. By investigating the climate challenges facing Longyearbyen and possible ways to address them, this paper emphasizes the urgency of tackling the effects of climate changes in the Arctic in order to protect the communities in the Arctic region.
Numerical investigation on pillow plate heat exchangers: Effects of nanofluid and geometry
Authors: Karimi A 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The current research involves a comprehensive numerical simulation of nanofluid flow within a pillow-plate heat exchanger. Al2O3-water nanofluid and water are used as the working fluids, simulated using a two-phase mixture model. The study explores the influence of geometric properties on the heat exchanger’s hydrodynamic and thermal performance. It also delves into the utilization of nanofluids as the working medium and its impact on dimensionless pressure drop, Nusselt numbers, and dimensionless temperature. An innovative aspect of this research lies in the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques for heat exchanger design optimization. Specifically, a Random Forest Regressor (RFR) AI model is employed to predict crucial parameters, including heat transfer coefficient (HTC) and pressure drop, based on input design variables. Key findings reveal that non-linear hole layouts in heat exchangers significantly improve Nusselt numbers by up to 25 percent. Conversely, larger holes result in higher pressure drops. The use of nanofluids enhances thermal efficiency by up to 10% while increasing pressure drop by around 7%.
Testing the impact energy and determination of the brittleness temperature of the welded joint of steel A516 Gr.70
Authors: Bajramović Ermin , Islamović Fadil 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Most problems with steel structures occur in the welded joint or its immediate vicinity. For this reason, special attention is paid to testing the properties of the welded joint. Fractures of welded steel structures in operating conditions have led to the need to study the influence of temperature on the behavior of steel and welded joints. For the purpose of these tests, the critical test conditions (temperature) that cause brittle fracture are defined. The paper will present the results of experimental tests of the impact energy of the welded joint of steel A516 Gr.70. Impact energy testing at different temperatures was done with the aim of determining the brittleness transition temperature of the base metal and components of the welded joint. Also, these tests should give an assessment of the influence of temperature on the ratio of the crack formation energy Wiu, and the crack propagation energy Wa in the total fracture energy Wt. This test procedure determines the tendency to brittle fracture, that is, the tendency to increase brittleness during exploitation. The obtained results are most often used for ongoing quality control and evaluation of material homogeneity.
Testing of Mechanical Properties of Polymer PA6 – 30% Glass Fibres
Authors: Ćoralić Amir , Maslo Anel , Manjgo Mirza , Raspudić Vesna , Manjgo Mersida , Vuherer Tomaž 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Polymers and polymer composite materials, due to their properties, are becoming increasingly important materials in industry. They are used in a wide range of applications in space and aerospace, aviation, marine and automotive industry, as well as in production of sports equipment, household appliances, medical equipment, etc. They are expected to withstand loads during their lifetime, which requires predicting the reliability of structural elements, i.e. knowledge of material properties. To achieve better properties, polymer materials are reinforced with different percentages of fibre-reinforced materials, including glass fibres. The paper presents the results of experimental determination of the mechanical properties of injection moulded PA6 polymer reinforced with 30% glass fibres, determined by tensile and impact tests.
The use of modern 3D technologies for the development of a prototype mountain bike brake lever within the concept of personalized production
Authors: Žibert Sebastijan , Mamić Maša , Hozdić Elvis 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Mountain biking (MTB) is a popular sport for more and more people. Control over the bike is very important for a successful ride, especially when the rider gets off the mountain bike in rough terrain. Control over the bike is ensured by appropriate braking systems, which differ depending on the type of mountain biking. During a challenging descent, the cyclist consumes energy to overcome obstacles on the trail, so using the right brakes is crucial. The rider performs the braking process with the brake lever of the bicycle. On difficult descents, for example in bad weather (rain), it is important that the finger does not “slip” on the brake lever. Also important is the feeling of contact with the brake lever that the rider has when braking. For this reason, from an ergonomic point of view, the shape of the brake lever is crucial for a safe and controlled mountain bike ride. This paper presents the results of the use of advanced 3D technologies for the development of a prototype mountain bike brake lever within the concept of personalised production. The common thread of the presented research is the process of developing a prototype mountain bike brake lever from an ergonomic point of view, supported by modern 3D technologies such as 3D scanning, 3D modelling and 3D printing.
Calculation of convection coefficient during steel hardening of axisymmetric probes in thermal oils
Authors: Behrem Šefik , Hrnjica Bahrudin 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The paper presents the results of the convection coefficient during the process of two-dimensional axisymmetric steel hardening of in two different thermal oils used in the area of thermal treatment of steel. One thermal oil was Isorapid 277 HM preheated to the set temperature, and the other one was Marquench 722 also preheated to the set temperature. The experimental work setup consists of six quenches, three dimensionally different axisymmetric probes in two different thermal oils. Steel hardening was done under strictly controlled conditions: heating the sample to the tempering temperature of most steels in a nitrogen atmosphere, vertical slow immersion of the test sample in the opposite flow of thermal oil. The temperature of the thermal oil was kept constant, stopping the test sample in the sample steel hardening area and non-stationary data collection until thermal oil equilibrium temperature with interruption of data collection. The data collection rate was two probes/second in parallel from four points located within the test cylinder. Three measuring points were located directly below the surface of the cylinder distributed along the height of the cylinder, while the fourth one was in the centre of gravity of the cylinder. Time-measured temperature values in the indicated four points of each probe were written in a text file. The set mathematical model describes the non-linear two-dimensional axisymmetric non-stationary heat transfer through the cylinder. The set mathematical model requires the inverse solution of the heat conduction problem, that is, ill-conditioned problems, so the solution of the problem came down to a sufficiently accurate estimation of the unknown convection coefficient imposed on the outer surface of the probe. The chosen solution algorithm was the one from previously published works. The solution algorithm was based on a iterative combination of the finite element method (FEM), while the second part of the solution algorithm is the Levenberg Marquardt method (LMM) from the line of optimization deterministic algorithms, which takes the calculation results of the temperatures at the points of the computational domain from the FEM, and for comparison, that is, error minimization, using the experimental results of temperature measurements at the same place.
Comparative Analysis of Bending Strength Properties between Glued and Un-Glued Finger Joints in Beech and Fir Wood Species
Authors: Šljivo Umejr , Hasanagić Redžo , Fathi Leila , Bahmani Mohsen 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanical behavior of beech and fir finger joints under laboratory conditions. The samples were manufactured using a 9 mm finger joint with glued surfaces, in accordance with the EN 14 080 standard. Polyurethane adhesive of class D3, commonly used for the production of exterior wooden structures in Bosnia and Herzegovina, was applied to the samples. The specimens were subjected to destructive four-point bending tests according to the BAS EN 408 standard, and the achieved bending strength was statistically evaluated and compared to the results of unglued samples.
Picking food by robot hand with tree-frog like pad in various wet conditions
Authors: Nguyen Van Pho 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Achieving stability with less squeeze in picking up wet-soft objects is still challenging for robots. To accomplish this challenge, preventing slippage between robotic grippers and an object is crucial. We used micropatterned pads on robotic grippers to enhance wet adhesion when picking up food items. This paper examines the role of micropattern interfaces in preventing slippage by experimental evaluations, in which soft robotic grippers picked up and released food samples such as tofu, quail egg, coffee jelly, konjac, and jelly under various wet conditions. A micropatterned pad, inspired by the toe pad of a tree-frog, comprises a large number of squared cells that are separated by channels. Normal pads without any micropattern were also made for comparison. Experimental results showed the micropatterned pad required less squeeze force than that of the normal pads, resulting in less deformation of a grasped object such as a piece of tofu. The potential of the micropatterned pad to prevent slippage between a robotic gripper and a fragile deformable object in various wet conditions without a complicated control method was demonstrated, thereby promising wider robotic applications in the food, service, and medical industries.
Insights into the spectroscopic and structural features of methylammonium copper halide perovskites and theoretical view
Authors: Thankappan Aparna , C S Ariakutty , Babu Ayana , Mary Peter Anita , Kailasnath M 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This study encompasses a comprehensive investigation of stable metal halide perovskite materials, focusing on bandgap tuning, crystallization pathways, and the impact of moisture. In this work, we successfully synthesized different compositions of layered perovskites of methylammonium copper halides ((CH3NH3)2CuCl4). The morphology and structure were examined using a scanning electron microscope and x-ray diffractometer. Morphological and structural characterizations enhanced our understanding of the microstructure and crystallographic properties. A detailed structural characterization of the (CH3NH3)2CuCl4 was conducted using the Scherrer equation and the Williamson–Hall (W–H) method. To examine the effects of moisture on the optical properties of the samples, we used a UV–vis spectrophotometer, which provided valuable insight into their bandgap tuning. In addition, photoluminescence studies were conducted to investigate the blue fluorescence of the samples, demonstrating their efficacy in optoelectronic applications. We also explored the materials’ response to intense light using the Z-scan technique, examining their nonlinear optical properties. The findings of this study are pivotal in advancing our knowledge and facilitating the development of more stable and versatile perovskite materials for practical applications. Subsequently, simulations were conducted using the SCAPS-1D, a Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator, revealing a promising solar cell architecture with a glass substrate/FTO/zinc oxide (ZnO)/(CH3NH3)2CuCl4/spiro-OMeTAD/Au configuration, showcasing an impressive conversion efficiency of 27.93%, a fill factor of 84.16, Jsc of 34.39 mA cm−2, and Voc of 0.9 V.
Strategies for connecting whole-building LCA to the low-carbon design process
Authors: McCord Kieren H , Dillon Heather E , Gunderson Patricia , Carlson Sadie , Phillips Adam R , Griechen Darrin , Antonopoulos Chrissi A 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Decarbonization is essential to meeting urgent climate goals. With the building sector in the United States accounting for 35% of total U.S. carbon emissions, reducing environmental impacts within the built environment is critical. Whole-building life cycle analysis (WBLCA) quantifies the impacts of a building throughout its life cycle. Despite being a powerful tool, WBLCA is not standard practice in the integrated design process. When WBLCA is used, it is typically either speculative and based on early design information or conducted only after design completion as an accounting measure, with virtually no opportunity to impact the actual design. This work proposes a workflow for fully incorporating WBLCA into the building design process in an iterative, recursive manner, where design decisions impact the WBLCA, which in turn informs future design decisions. We use the example of a negative-operational carbon modular building seeking negative upfront embodied carbon using bio-based materials for carbon sequestration as a case study for demonstrating the utility of the framework. Key contributions of this work include a framework of computational processes for conducting iterative WBLCA, using a combination of an existing building WBLCA tool (Tally) within the building information modeling superstructure (Revit) and a custom script (in R) for materials, life cycle stages, and workflows not available in the WBLCA tool. Additionally, we provide strategies for harmonizing the environmental impacts of novel materials or processes from various life cycle inventory sources with materials or processes in existing building WBLCA tool repositories. These strategies are useful for those involved in building design with an interest in reducing their environmental impact. For example, this framework would be useful for researchers who are conducting WBLCAs on projects that include new or unusual materials and for design teams who want to integrate WBLCA more fully into their design process in order to ensure the building materials are consciously chosen to advance climate goals, while still ensuring best performance by traditional measures.
Development of a job-exposure matrix-like exposure assessment method for the US general population based on Occupational Information Network (O*NET) job tasks
Authors: Beard John D , Greenhalgh Mitchell G , Hawkes Emily , Jones Bailey M , Hamner Sarah C , Thygerson Steven M 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Job-exposure matrices (JEMs) are often used for exposure assessment in occupational exposure and epidemiology studies. However, general population JEMs are difficult to find and access for workers in the United States of America.

Objective
We aimed to use publicly available information to develop a JEM-like exposure assessment method to determine exposure to a wide range of occupational agents in a wide range of occupations for US general population studies.

Methods
We used information from the US Department of Labor’s Occupational Information Network database (O*NET) for 19,636 job tasks and 974 civilian occupations. We used automated keyword searches to identify 1,804 job tasks that involved exposure to 50 occupational agents. We had 2 reviewers determine whether each identified job task actually involved exposure to the 50 occupational agents. We had a third reviewer, a certified industrial hygienist, assess any job task and exposure for which the first 2 reviewers disagreed. For each U.S. Census 2010 occupation code, we used this information to derive 3 exposure variables for each occupational agent: ever exposure, number of job tasks of exposure, and frequency of exposure.

Results
Our keyword searches identified a median of 10 (interquartile range [IQR]: 43.75) job tasks for each occupational agent, and the maximum was 308. We determined job tasks actually involved exposure to 45 occupational agents, including solvents, air pollution, pesticides, radiation, metals, etc. We derived the 3 exposure variables for these 45 occupational agents for 516 U.S. Census 2010 occupation codes. The median percentage for ever exposure to individual occupational agents was 1.16% (IQR: 1.74%), and the maximum was 11.43%.

Conclusions
Our JEM-like exposure assessment method based on O*NET information can be used to determine exposure to a wide range of occupational agents in a wide range of occupations for the US general population.
LDA-VGHB: identifying potential lncRNA–disease associations with singular value decomposition, variational graph auto-encoder and heterogeneous Newton boosting machine
Authors: Peng Lihong , Huang Liangliang , Su Qiongli , Tian Geng , Chen Min , Han Guosheng 
Published: December 2023

AbstractLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) participate in various biological processes and have close linkages with diseases. In vivo and in vitro experiments have validated many associations between lncRNAs and diseases. However, biological experiments are time-consuming and expensive. Here, we introduce LDA-VGHB, an lncRNA–disease association (LDA) identification framework, by incorporating feature extraction based on singular value decomposition and variational graph autoencoder and LDA classification based on heterogeneous Newton boosting machine. LDA-VGHB was compared with four classical LDA prediction methods (i.e. SDLDA, LDNFSGB, IPCARF and LDASR) and four popular boosting models (XGBoost, AdaBoost, CatBoost and LightGBM) under 5-fold cross-validations on lncRNAs, diseases, lncRNA–disease pairs and independent lncRNAs and independent diseases, respectively. It greatly outperformed the other methods with its prominent performance under four different cross-validations on the lncRNADisease and MNDR databases. We further investigated potential lncRNAs for lung cancer, breast cancer, colorectal cancer and kidney neoplasms and inferred the top 20 lncRNAs associated with them among all their unobserved lncRNAs. The results showed that most of the predicted top 20 lncRNAs have been verified by biomedical experiments provided by the Lnc2Cancer 3.0, lncRNADisease v2.0 and RNADisease databases as well as publications. We found that HAR1A, KCNQ1DN, ZFAT-AS1 and HAR1B could associate with lung cancer, breast cancer, colorectal cancer and kidney neoplasms, respectively. The results need further biological experimental validation. We foresee that LDA-VGHB was capable of identifying possible lncRNAs for complex diseases. LDA-VGHB is publicly available at https://github.com/plhhnu/LDA-VGHB.