bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wide short geodesic loops on closed Riemannian manifolds
Authors: Rotman Regina 
Published: November 2023

It is not known whether or not the length of the shortest periodic geodesic on a closed Riemannian manifold [Formula: see text] can be majorized by [Formula: see text], or [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the dimension of [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] denotes the volume of [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] denotes its diameter. In this paper, we will prove that for each [Formula: see text] one can find such estimates for the length of a geodesic loop with angle between [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] with an explicit constant that depends both on [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. That is, let [Formula: see text], and let [Formula: see text]. We will prove that there exists a “wide” (i.e. with an angle that is wider than [Formula: see text]) geodesic loop on [Formula: see text] of length at most [Formula: see text]. We will also show that there exists a “wide” geodesic loop of length at most [Formula: see text]. Here [Formula: see text] is the Filling Radius of [Formula: see text].
Real polynomials with constrained real divisors. I. Fundamental groups
Authors: Katz Gabriel , Shapiro Boris , Welker Volkmar 
Published: November 2023

In the late 80s, V. Arnold and V. Vassiliev initiated the topological study of the space of real univariate polynomials of a given degree [Formula: see text] and with no real roots of multiplicity exceeding a given positive integer. Expanding their studies, we consider the spaces [Formula: see text] of real monic univariate polynomials of degree [Formula: see text] whose real divisors avoid sequences of root multiplicities, taken from a given poset [Formula: see text] of compositions which is closed under certain natural combinatorial operations. In this paper, we concentrate on the fundamental group of [Formula: see text] and of some related topological spaces. We find explicit presentations for the groups [Formula: see text] in terms of generators and relations and show that in a number of cases they are free with rank bounded from above by a quadratic function in [Formula: see text]. We also show that [Formula: see text] stabilizes for [Formula: see text] large. The mechanism that generates [Formula: see text] has similarities with the presentation of the braid group as the fundamental group of the space of complex monic degree [Formula: see text] polynomials with no multiple roots and with the presentation of the fundamental group of certain ordered configuration spaces over the reals which appear in the work of Khovanov. We further show that the groups [Formula: see text] admit an interpretation as special bordisms of immersions of one-manifolds into the cylinder [Formula: see text], whose images avoid the tangency patterns from [Formula: see text] with respect to the generators of the cylinder.
SAR-096: Phase II Clinical Trial of Ribociclib in Combination with Everolimus in Advanced Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma (DDL) and Leiomyosarcoma (LMS)
Authors: Movva Sujana , Matloob Sahar , Handorf Elizabeth A. , Choy Edwin , Merriam Priscilla , Flieder Douglas B. , Cai Kathy Q. , Zhou Yan , Tetzlaff Eric D. , Pagan Cheyenne , Barker Emma , Veggeberg Rosanna , Zumpano Delia , Rink Lori , von Mehren Margaret , George Suzanne 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Purpose:
Dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDL) and leiomyosarcoma (LMS) are two common subtypes of soft-tissue sarcoma, a rare group of diseases for which new treatments are needed. Chemotherapy remains the standard option for advanced disease. Targeting cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) in DDL and mTOR in LMS is of biologic interest. When combined, the CDK4 inhibitor ribociclib and the mTOR inhibitor everolimus have shown synergistic growth inhibition in multiple tumor models, suggesting that this combination could be beneficial in patients.

Patients and Methods:
This was a single arm, open label, multicenter phase II study of the combination of ribociclib and everolimus. Patients were enrolled into one of two cohorts: DDL or LMS with intact Rb. The primary endpoint was progression-free rate (PFR) at 16 weeks. Secondary endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival, safety and biomarker analyses.

Results:
In the DDL cohort, 33.3% [95% confidence interval (CI), 15.6%–55.3%] of patients were progression-free at 16 weeks. Median PFS in this cohort was 15.4 weeks (95% CI, 8–36 weeks) with 2 partial responses. In the LMS cohort the PFR at 16 weeks was 29.2% (95% CI, 12.6%–51.1%). Median PFS in this cohort was 15.7 weeks (95% CI, 7.7–NA). Most common toxicities included fatigue (66.7%), anorexia (43.8%), and hyperglycemia (43.8%). Concordance between Rb testing methodologies was poor.

Conclusions:
The combination of ribociclib and everolimus demonstrates activity in DDL with prolonged stable disease (≥16 weeks) meeting the primary endpoint. Notably partial responses were observed. The primary endpoint was not reached in the LMS cohort. The combination was well tolerated with expected side effects.
Language Model Behavior: A Comprehensive Survey
Authors: Chang Tyler A. , Bergen Benjamin K. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Transformer language models have received widespread public attention, yet their generated text is often surprising even to NLP researchers. In this survey, we discuss over 250 recent studies of English language model behavior before task-specific fine-tuning. Language models possess basic capabilities in syntax, semantics, pragmatics, world knowledge, and reasoning, but these capabilities are sensitive to specific inputs and surface features. Despite dramatic increases in generated text quality as models scale to hundreds of billions of parameters, the models are still prone to unfactual responses, commonsense errors, memorized text, and social biases. Many of these weaknesses can be framed as over-generalizations or under-generalizations of learned patterns in text. We synthesize recent results to highlight what is currently known about large language model capabilities, thus providing a resource for applied work and for research in adjacent fields that use language models.
The Second Session of the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee to Develop an International Legally Binding Instrument on Plastic Pollution, Including the Marine Environment
Authors: Stöfen-O’Brien Aleke 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In June 2023, the second session of the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee (INC) to develop an international legally binding instrument on plastic pollution, including the marine environment concluded. It provided an opportunity to gauge the progress made by States and other stakeholders towards agreeing on the potential objective and treaty architecture of a future plastics treaty which is planned to be agreed upon by the end of 2024. This brief intervention outlines the developments made, as well as potential contentious issues that have arisen in relation to procedural and substantive aspects of the negotiations. It also reflects on key highlights.
Asianizing the Integrated Approach for Development Cooperation: Scaling-Up Dynamics of KOICA’s Peace-Development Nexus Projects in Lao PDR and Cambodia
Authors: Kim Taekyoon , Kim Bo Kyung 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This study explores the significance of mainstreaming an integrated approach to development in enhancing development cooperation. It underscores the Asianization of this integrated approach by scrutinizing a unique path that harmonizes global guidelines for integrated approaches within Asia’s regional context. Serving as the focal case study, the Korea International Cooperation Agency (KOICA)’s Peace Village Development Projects in Cambodia and Lao PDR illuminate how projects can evolve into integrated programs. This evolution draws on universalist lessons within the contextualist epistemological framework for scaling up. The research establishes that comprehensive needs and capacity assessments, in conjunction with the active participation of various stakeholders, are crucial for the effective design and implementation of these projects, which engage mixed scaling-up processes. KOICA’s integrated strategy serves as a dynamic catalyst for social inclusion and the optimization of sectoral outcomes, offering a mechanism for scaling up that contributes to the formation of ‘an organically societized Asia.’
Twenty-five years of accountability research in public administration: Authorship, themes, methods, and future trends
Authors: Pérez-Durán Ixchel 
Published: November 2023

There is extensive literature on accountability, yet systematic research on the state of the art in the field of public administration is lacking. This research is essential to understand the aspects of accountability that have been studied and identify the primary findings and areas that require further investigation. This study seeks to address this gap by conducting a systematic literature review of 277 articles on accountability published in 15 leading public administration journals between 1996 and 2021. This review aims to answer the following questions: What types of accountability have been examined? To what extent has accountability been investigated as a dependent or an explanatory variable? Which methodological approaches dominate, and which cases are more commonly examined? What are the current challenges and future research trends? Points for practitioners Two dimensions to consider when examining accountability are supply-side accountability, which centers on traditional government models, and demand-side accountability, which underscores the role of citizens and multiple forums. The interaction between the supply and demand sides leads to various types of accountability, encompassing vertical, horizontal, hybrid, and social accountability. Core approaches used for measuring accountability include formal, informal, voluntary, and felt accountability.
Nanomechanical properties of sized and de-sized carbon fiber reinforced polypropylene composites
Authors: Ahmed Khalil , Qin Xiaohong , Yang Yuqiu 
Published: November 2023

Most of the research to date has focused on tailoring the interphase adhesion by controlling the degree of chemical bonding between fiber and resin. However, recent studies suggest that apart from chemical bonding, mechanical interlocking plays a crucial role to enhance the interphase thickness and hence the interfacial shear strength. In this study, the effect of textured carbon fiber surface on the interphase thickness, and interfacial shear strength has been studied and analyzed. The hot water was used to remove the epoxy-based sizing agent from the carbon fiber (sized CF) surface and thereby to create a textured surface morphology in de-sized one (De-sized CF). To study the distinctions of the interphase between sized and de-sized CF/PP composites, the Derjaguin-Muller-Toporov (DMT) modulus by Peak Force Quantitative Nano-Mechanics (PF-QNM) was applied to determine the interphase thickness and its nanomechanical properties. It was found that no chemical changes occurred after hot water treatment albeit the surface morphology of de-sized carbon fiber became textured. The average interphase thickness in de-sized CF/PP composites was found to be 84.17% higher (212.9 ± 21 nm) as compared to 115.6 ± 21 nm in sized CF/PP composites. This study shows the potential for using mechanical interlocking effects without significantly affecting the chemical bonding, to improve the interphase thickness in fiber reinforced composites.
The perceived quality of social interactions differs by modality and purpose: An event-contingent experience sampling study with older adults
Authors: Hülür Gizem , Luo Minxia , Macdonald Birthe , Grünjes Carlotta E. 
Published: November 2023

Older adults increasingly use digital technologies to communicate with others. The goal of the present study is to understand the role of interaction modality for the perceived quality of social interactions. We use data from 118 participants (age: M = 72 years, SD = 5, range = 65 to 94; 40% women), who reported on their social interactions (quality [valence, social relatedness, calmness, meaningfulness], modality [face-to-face in-person, telephone, text-based digital], and purposes [e.g., small talk, conflict]) over 21 days in an event-contingent experience sampling study that took place between April and November 2019. Text-based communication was rated lower in valence and social relatedness relative to face-to-face communication and telephone calls, and lower in meaningfulness relative to telephone calls. Face-to-face and telephone communication only differed in meaningfulness, with telephone calls being rated higher. Some of the associations between interaction modality and perceived quality were moderated by interaction purpose. For example, conflicts were perceived more negatively as indicated by lower valence, social relatedness, and calmness when they were carried out by text messages (vs. face-to-face or by telephone). Conflicts were rated higher in valence when they took place by telephone versus face-to-face. In summary, our findings suggest that the modality of daily social interactions plays an important role for their quality. We discuss implications of these findings for increasing well-being and social connectedness through technology-mediated communication.
Witnessing—a group-specific factor and its importance in times when facts and truths are challenged
Authors: Skowronska Joanna 
Published: November 2023

‘Facts matter’, stated Miriam Berger in her Foulkes Lecture (Berger, 2023). They matter because, in the human world, they happen to somebody. So if they do not matter, somebody does not matter. I postulate that witnessing, as it is defined by Miriam Berger, is a group-specific factor whose value lies in allowing the emergence of ‘moments of meetings’—moments in psychotherapy changing the intersubjective architecture of the relation. The capacity to validate somebody’s experience seems to be more crucial nowadays when disregarding facts and truth has reached such an extent that it has a name: the ‘post-truth’ era. But, ‘witnessing is not a given’, says Miriam Berger. Whether this emergent property of the group will be used for ‘re-humanization in therapy and beyond’ (Berger, 2023) depends on how the conductor handles the facts: Do they matter to her/him or not? I will also reflect on what shapes the attitude of the conductors toward the facts.
Predicting Hospital Survival in Patients Admitted to ICU with Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Ryll Martin J. , Zodl Aurelia , Weingarten Toby N. , Rabinstein Alejandro A. , Warner David O. , Schroeder Darrell R. , Sprung Juraj 
Published: November 2023

Objective The Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index (PESI) and simplified PESI (sPESI) predict mortality for patients with PE. We compared PESI/sPESI to the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation IV (APACHE-IV) in predicting mortality in patients with PE admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Additionally, we assessed the performance of a novel ICU-sPESI score created by adding three clinical variables associated with acuity of PE presentation (intubation, confusion [altered mental status], use of vasoactive infusions) to sPESI. Materials and Methods Using the eICU Collaborative Research Database from 2014 to 2015, we conducted a large retrospective cohort study of adult patients admitted to the ICU with a primary diagnosis of PE. We calculated APACHE-IV, PESI, sPESI, and ICU-sPESI scores and compared their performance for predicting in-hospital mortality using area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve. Score thresholds for >99% negative predictive values (NPV) were calculated for each score. Survival was estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method. Results We included 1424 PE cases. In-hospital mortality was 6.3% [95% CI: 5.1%-7.6%]. AUROC for APACHE-IV, PESI, and sPESI were 0.870, 0.848, and 0.777, respectively. APACHE-IV and PESI outperformed sPESI (P < 0.01 for both comparisons), while APACHE-IV and PESI demonstrated similar performance (P = 0.322). The ICU-sPESI performance was similar to APACHE-IV and PESI (AUROC = 0.847; AUROC comparison: APACHE-IV vs ICU-sPESI: P = 0.396; PESI vs ICU-sPESI: P = 0.945). Hospital mortality for ICU-sPESI scores 0-2 was 1.1%, and for scores 3, 4, 5, 6, and ≥7 was 8.6%, 11.7%, 29.2%, 37.5%, and 76.9%, respectively. Score thresholds for >99% NPV were ≤48 for APACHE-IV, ≤115 for PESI, and 0 points for sPESI and ICU-sPESI. Conclusions By accounting for severity of PE presentation, our newly proposed ICU-sPESI score provided improved PE mortality prediction compared to the original sPESI score and offered excellent discrimination of mortality risk.
The impact of pregnancy planning and medical readiness on reproductive outcomes in women with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Sims Catherine A , Eudy Amanda M , Doss Jayanth , Rogers Jennifer L , Sadun Rebecca E , Criscione-Schreiber Lisa , Sun Kai , Clowse Megan EB 
Published: November 2023

Women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who get pregnant while SLE is active or while on teratogens have higher risk of poor pregnancy outcomes. The American College of Rheumatology (ACR) Reproductive Health Guidelines recommend women conceive when SLE is well controlled and treated with pregnancy-compatible medications. The Healthy Outcomes in Pregnancy with SLE Through Education of Providers (HOP-STEP) Intervention was created to ascertain pregnancy interest and contraceptive use followed by a personalized pregnancy prevention and/or planning discussion ( https://www.LupusPregnancy.org ). All study participants were adult females enrolled in a prospective registry who met ACR or SLICC criteria. Women were defined as “not medically ready for pregnancy” if they were currently prescribed a teratogen, had proteinuria ≥500 mg, or had elevated SLE activity according to the physician’s global assessment. Two time periods were assessed: 2/2018–12/2019 and 10/2020–4/2021 to evaluate pre- and post-pandemic periods, with some post-pandemic visits taking place via telehealth. The interest in pregnancy was similar between the first time period (17%) and the second time period, whether in-person (18%) or virtual (18%). Pregnancy interest was assessed significantly more frequently during in-person visits (90%) compared to virtual encounters (67%) ( p = .02). Contraceptive use was not significantly different during either time period with use of a teratogen or increased SLE activity. Of the 52 women in both time periods who were not medically ready for pregnancy and were not on effective contraception, three women (5.8%) conceived. None of the women who were using moderate or highly effective contraception became pregnant. Pregnancy outcomes were similar between unintended or high-risk and well-timed pregnancies. The HOP-STEP Intervention effectively identified pregnancy interest, giving rheumatologists the opportunity to address patient reproductive goals, optimize disease activity, and adjust medication regimens prior to conception.
Palliative Care for the Elderly With Heart Diseases in Tertiary Health care: A Concept Analysis
Authors: Ali Sana , Tyerman Jane 
Published: November 2023

Background The increasing incidence of heart failure (HF) in the elderly leads to increased mortality, hospitalization, length of hospital stay, and health care costs. Older adults often face multiple drug treatments, comorbidities, frailty, and cognitive problems, which require early palliative care. However, these patients do not receive adequate palliative care. Objective This concept analysis aimed to develop an in-depth understanding of palliative care for elderly patients with cardiac diseases in tertiary care. Design The analysis was guided by Walker and Avant's method, and databases were searched using keywords, such as palliative care, tertiary care, elderly, and heart. Covidence was used to review the results using the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results The World Health Organisation’s definition of palliative care is widely accepted. Palliative care for older adults with heart disease in tertiary care is preceded by chronic illness, polypharmacy, symptom burden, physical and cognitive decline, comorbidities, and psychosocial/spiritual issues. The main attributes of palliative care for this population include health care professionals and patient education, holistic patient/family-centered care, symptom management, shared decision-making, early integration, advanced care planning, and a multidisciplinary approach. Palliative care improves elderly cardiac patients' and their family satisfaction while reducing readmission, hospital stays, and unnecessary invasive procedures. Conclusion Collaboration between hospitals, community organizations, transitional palliative care services, and research has the potential to improve early palliative care and the well-being of the elderly cardiac population. Advanced Practice Nurses (APNs) competencies play a crucial role in promoting palliative care in the elderly HF population.
Midterm Clinical Outcomes, Radiographic Outcomes, and Survivorship of the Infinity Total Ankle Arthroplasty
Authors: Shaffrey Isabel , O’Malley Emmett , Henry Jensen K. , Rajan Lavan , Deland Jonathan T. , O’Malley Martin , Ellis Scott J. , Demetracopoulos Constantine A. 
Published: November 2023

Background: The Infinity Total Ankle Arthroplasty (Stryker, Mahwah, NJ) is a low-profile fixed-bearing implant first introduced in 2014. Although the short-term survivorship (2-4 years follow-up) and complication rates of the Infinity TAA have been reported, there are limited midterm outcome reports. The aim of this study was to describe the survivorship and clinical outcomes of a single-center experience with the Infinity implant at minimum 5-year follow-up. Methods: Retrospective review of 65 ankles that underwent primary total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) with the Infinity implant was conducted. Mean clinical follow-up was 6.5 years (range, 5.0-8.0). Preoperative and postoperative radiographs were measured to assess tibiotalar alignment, periprosthetic lucencies, and cysts. Preoperative, 2-year, and 5-year postoperative Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS) subscores were compared to assess midterm clinical outcomes. Survivorship assessment was determined by removal of 1 or both metallic implant components. Results: Survivorship of the implant was 93.8% at final follow-up. There were 4 revisions: 2 for tibial implant loosening, 1 for talar loosening, and 1 for loosening of both components. Three of the 4 revisions occurred within the first 2 years following implantation, and the last failure occurred at 7 years postoperatively. There were 11 reoperations in 10 (15%) ankles and 3 wound complications. There were 17 ankles (26.2%) with radiographic abnormalities around the implants, including 14 cases with tibial component lucencies and 4 cases of periimplant cysts. FAOS outcome measurement showed general stability between 2 and 5 years and substantial improvement from preoperative status. Conclusion: To date this study is the largest midterm report on the Infinity total ankle prosthesis, with 65 implants at a mean follow-up of 6.5 years. We found good midterm implant survivorship, and patients experienced significant improvements in FAOS outcome scores and radiographic alignment at final follow-up. Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective cohort study.