bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Review of the Interactions between Tropical Cyclones and Environmental Vertical Wind Shear
Authors: Rios-Berrios Rosimar , Finocchio Peter M. , Alland Joshua J. , Chen Xiaomin , Fischer Michael S. , Stevenson Stephanie N. , Tao Dandan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Tropical cyclone (TC) structure and intensity are strongly modulated by interactions with deep-layer vertical wind shear (VWS)—the vector difference between horizontal winds at 200 and 850 hPa. This paper presents a comprehensive review of more than a century of research on TC–VWS interactions. The literature broadly agrees that a TC vortex becomes vertically tilted, precipitation organizes into a wavenumber-1 asymmetric pattern, and thermal and kinematic asymmetries emerge when a TC encounters an environmental sheared flow. However, these responses depend on other factors, including the magnitude and direction of horizontal winds at other vertical levels between 200 and 850 hPa, the amount and location of dry environmental air, and the underlying sea surface temperature. While early studies investigated how VWS weakens TCs, an emerging line of research has focused on understanding how TCs intensify under moderate and strong VWS (i.e., shear magnitudes greater than 5 m s−1). Modeling and observational studies have identified four pathways to intensification: vortex tilt reduction, vortex reformation, axisymmetrization of precipitation, and outflow blocking. These pathways may not be uniquely different because convection and vortex asymmetries are strongly coupled to each other. In addition to discussing these topics, this review presents open questions and recommendations for future research on TC–VWS interactions.
A Bayesian Semi-parametric Modelling Approach for Area Level Small Area Studies
Authors: Thompson Marten , Chatterjee Snigdhansu 
Published: October 2023

We present a new semiparametric extension of the Fay-Herriot model, termed the agnostic Fay-Herriot model (AGFH), in which the sampling-level model is expressed in terms of an unknown general function [Formula: see text]. Thus, the AGFH model can express any distribution in the sampling model since the choice of [Formula: see text] is extremely broad. We propose a Bayesian modelling scheme for AGFH where the unknown function [Formula: see text] is assigned a Gaussian Process prior. Using a Metropolis within Gibbs sampling Markov Chain Monte Carlo scheme, we study the performance of the AGFH model, along with that of a hierarchical Bayesian extension of the Fay-Herriot model. Our analysis shows that the AGFH is an excellent modelling alternative when the sampling distribution is non-Normal, especially in the case where the sampling distribution is bounded. It is also the best choice when the sampling variance is high. However, the hierarchical Bayesian framework and the traditional empirical Bayesian framework can be good modelling alternatives when the signal-to-noise ratio is high, and there are computational constraints. AMS subject classification: 62D05; 62F15
The effect of non-medical cannabis retailer proximity on use of mental health services for psychotic disorders in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Wootten Jared C , Rodrigues Rebecca , Gilliland Jason , Carter Brooke , Shariff Salimah Z , Zhong Shiran , Archie Suzanne , Edwards Jordan , Elton-Marshall Tara , Myran Daniel Thomas , Palaniyappan Lena , Perlman Christopher M , Seabrook Jamie A , Murray Robin M , Anderson Kelly K 
Published: October 2023

Background: Cannabis is associated with the onset and persistence of psychotic disorders. Evidence suggests that accessibility of substances is associated with an increased risk of use-related harms. We sought to examine the effect of residing in proximity to non-medical cannabis retailers on the prevalence of health service use for psychosis. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study using linked health administrative data, and used geospatial analyses to determine whether people in Ontario, Canada (aged 14–60 years) resided within walking (1.6 km) or driving (5.0 km) distance of non-medical cannabis retailers (open as of February-2020). We identified outpatient visits, emergency department (ED) visits, and hospitalizations for psychotic disorders between 01-April-2019 and 17-March-2020. We used zero-inflated Poisson regression models and gamma generalized linear models to estimate the association between cannabis retailer proximity and indicators of health service use. Results: Non-medical cannabis retailers were differentially located in areas with high levels of marginalization and pre-existing health service use for psychosis. People residing within walking or driving distance of a cannabis retailer had a higher rate of psychosis-related outpatient visits, ED visits, and hospitalizations, compared to people living outside these areas. This effect was stronger among those with no prior service use for psychosis. Conclusions: Proximity to a non-medical cannabis retailer was associated with higher health service use for psychosis, even after adjustment for prior health service use. These findings suggest that opening of non-medical cannabis retailers could worsen the burden of psychosis on mental health services in areas with high-risk populations.
The Resilience of Pediatric Nurses in Context: A Mixed Methods Study
Authors: White Benjamin M. , Walsh Elaine , Willgerodt Mayumi 
Published: October 2023

Background: Resilience, an individual’s ability to cope with and recover from stressors, is supported by contextually specific factors. Factors in the work environment may support or hinder nurses’ resilience to the specific stressors present in pediatric nursing, an understudied population. Objective: We aimed to explore the contextual factors in the work environment of pediatric nurses with varying levels of resilience, including social support, the work environment, and opportunities for coping from an individual approach. Methods: This study is a secondary mixed-methods analysis using ordinal logistic regression and a meta-matrix of survey responses and semi-structured interview transcripts from 30 pediatric nurses. Results: 5 themes, 3 supporting and 2 hindering resilience, emerged from the interviews. Nurses described their resilience as supported by sharing the burden, support from administration, and taking a break. Participants described resilience as hindered when they found it challenging to provide quality nursing care and when they felt unappreciated or undervalued. No theme significantly changed the odds of having higher resilience. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that nurses recognize resources and conditions within their work environment as influencing their resilience. However, workplace resources and conditions are only one contributor to pediatric nurse resilience. Encouraging breaks and informal opportunities for nurses to support each other may support resilience in pediatric nurses. In addition, nursing leaders can support pediatric nurse resilience by regularly spending time connecting with nurses. Finally, health care organizations should consider how changes in the work environment may hinder nurse resilience by adding stress or changing access to supportive factors.
Cigarette smoking history (personal and secondary childhood exposure) in non-cluster headache trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias: A clinic based study
Authors: Rozen Todd D. 
Published: October 2023

Objective To look at cigarette smoking history (personal and secondary exposure as a child) in non-cluster headache trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias seen at a headache clinic and to determine smoking exposure prevalence utilizing previously published data. Methods Retrospective chart review and PubMed/Google Scholar search Results Forty-eight clinic patients met ICHD-3 criteria for non-cluster headache trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias. Four had paroxysmal hemicrania, 75% were smokers and secondary exposure was noted in all. 16 patients had short lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with conjunctival injection and tearing (SUNCT) or short lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with autonomic symptoms (SUNA), 12.5% were smokers and secondary exposure was noted in 91%. Twenty-eight patients had hemicrania continua, 21% were smokers and secondary exposure was found in 62.5%. Since 1974 there have been 88 paroxysmal hemicrania, 50 SUNCT or SUNA and 89 hemicrania continua patients with a documented smoking exposure history. From current data and previous studies, a smoking history was noted in 60% paroxysmal hemicrania, 18% SUNCT and SUNA and 21% hemicrania continua patients. Conclusion A cigarette smoking history appears to be connected to paroxysmal hemicrania (personal and secondary exposure) and possibly to SUNCT/SUNA (secondary) and hemicrania continua (secondary).
Policy and Strategic Responses to Food and Nutrition Security in Ethiopia
Authors: Brhanu Genanew Agitew , Ayele Zewdu Berhanie , Gebreselassie Samson Gebremedhin 
Published: October 2023

Background: Food and nutrition insecurity continues to be one of the persistent challenges in Ethiopia. The country has been responding to the challenges in various ways to foster sustainable development. Objectives: The objective of the study is to assess national food and nutrition security policy and strategic responses. Method: A qualitative review of policies, strategies, programs, guidelines, and a government commitment, document was conducted. Interviews with experts from food and nutrition-implementing governmental and nongovernmental organizations were also employed. Thematic analysis with description was used. Results: The results of the study revealed that global initiatives stimulated Ethiopia to progressively take various strategic directions to address the ongoing food and nutrition challenges. In addition to various policy directions, the country has been implementing nutrition-specific and nutrition-sensitive programs under the multisectoral approach. The concepts and practices of food and nutrition security shifted from simply balancing the demand and supply of food to a broader and more inclusive food system approach with the involvement of multiple actors. However, more has been said than done. The policy, strategic objectives, and initiatives have not been adequately translated into practices. Actions toward ensuring food and nutrition security, on the other hand, are constrained by institutional, environmental, technological, and emerging priorities like an outbreak of a pandemic and political instability. Conclusion: The study concluded that available policy and strategic intents have sufficiently addressed food and nutrition challenges in documents and need to be fully translated into practices.
Novel trocar assisted intraocular lens and capsular bag complex fixation
Authors: Parkash Rohit Om , Gurnani Bharat , Kaur Kirandeep , Parkash Tushya Om , Vajpayee Rasik B. 
Published: October 2023

Purpose To describe the innovative technique of trocar-assisted intraocular lens (IOL) and capsular bag complex fixation. Methods In this technique, initial pupil dilatation is achieved either with intracameral adrenaline or with the help of iris hooks. Automated anterior vitrectomy is performed in cases with vitreous prolapse. A 25 G trocar cannula is placed at the limbus through a paracentesis opposite the zonular dialysis area. The cannula lumen act as a guide to pass the double-arm polypropylene suture attached to the needle. This prevents any inadvertent corneal injury and acts as a perpendicular tract to pass the needle through IOL capsular bag complex. Results We performed this technique in 9 cases with an excellent outcome with a minimum of 3 months of follow-up. All patients had well-centred IOL. There was no incidence of corneal injury, Descemet membrane detachment, iris trauma, IOL tilt, decentration, dislocation, vitreous prolapse or retinal detachment. All patients achieved excellent visual acuity ranging from 6/12-6/6 postoperatively. Conclusion The novel trocar-assisted IOL bag complex fixation technique is very effective and allows smooth IOL fixation in technically challenging cases with IOL subluxation. The trocar acts as a guide to prevent injury to the surrounding tissue, and IOL fixation is achieved with minimal manipulations in the anterior chamber. It also prevents the need for IOL explantation in these cases.
The MoXFo Initiative: Using consensus methodology to move forward towards internationally shared vocabulary in multiple sclerosis exercise research
Authors: Mansoubi Maedeh , Learmonth Yvonne Charlotte , Mayo Nancy , Collet Johnny , Dawes Helen 
Published: October 2023

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) exercise terminology lacks consistency across disciplines, hindering research synthesis. Objective: The ‘Moving exercise research in MS forward initiative’ (MoXFo) aims to establish agreed definitions for key MS exercise terms. Methods: The Lexicon development methodology was employed. A three-step process identified key exercise terminology for people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS): (1) consensus and systematic review, (2) Delphi round 1 and consideration of existing definitions and (3) Delphi round 2 for consensus among MoXFo steering group and exercise experts. Final definitions and style harmonisation were agreed upon. Results: The two-stage Delphi process resulted in the selection and scoring of 30 terminology definitions. The agreement was 100% for resistance exercise, balance and physical activity. Most terms had agreement >75%, but ‘posture’ (60%) and ‘exercise’ (65%) had a lower agreement. Conclusion: This study identified key terms and obtained agreement on definitions for 30 terms. The variability in agreement for some terms supports the need for clearly referencing or defining terminology within publications to enable clear communication across disciplines and to support precise synthesis and accurate interpretation of research.
Contributing to an autism biobank: Diverse perspectives from autistic participants, family members and researchers
Authors: Lilley Rozanna , Rapaport Hannah , Poulsen Rebecca , Yudell Michael , Pellicano Elizabeth 
Published: October 2023

There has been intense debate within the autistic and autism communities about the use of autism biobanks – repositories containing biological and phenotypic materials – and of genomic autism research more broadly. Here, we sought to understand the views and experiences of those contributing to one specific biobank, the Australian Autism Biobank. We adopted a multi-informant approach, conducting semi-structured interviews with 77 people, including 18 autistic probands, 46 parents and seven siblings, all of whom donated material to the Biobank, as well as six researchers employed on the project. Specifically, we asked: what motivated participants and researchers to contribute to the Australian Autism Biobank? And how did they feel about their involvement in that process? We analysed the data using reflexive thematic analysis, adopting an inductive approach within an essentialist framework. We identified three themes, which revealed a wide diversity of viewpoints, including positive conceptualisations of autism linked to neurodiversity and more negative conceptualisations linked to hopes for the development of genetic screening and reproductive choice. These findings have implications for the meaning, value and future directions of autism science. This research has been conducted using the Australian Autism Biobank resource. Lay abstract A lot of autism research has focused on finding genes that might cause autism. To conduct these genetic studies, researchers have created ‘biobanks’ – collections of biological samples (such as blood, saliva, urine, stool and hair) and other health information (such as cognitive assessments and medical histories). Our study focused on the Australian Autism Biobank, which collected biological and health information from almost 1000 Australian autistic children and their families. We wanted to know what people thought about giving their information to the Biobank and why they chose to do so. We spoke to 71 people who gave to the Biobank, including 18 autistic adolescents and young adults, 46 of their parents and seven of their siblings. We also spoke to six researchers who worked on the Biobank project. We found that people were interested in giving their information to the Biobank so they could understand why some people were autistic. Some people felt knowing why could help them make choices about having children in the future. People also wanted to be involved in the Biobank because they believed it could be a resource that could help others in the future. They also trusted that scientists would keep their information safe and were keen to know how that information might be used in the future. Our findings show that people have lots of different views about autism biobanks. We suggest researchers should listen to these different views as they develop their work.
Indoor air quality in Saudi residential homes
Authors: ElSharkawy Mahmoud Fathy 
Published: October 2023

This study aimed to assess the level of IAQ (indoor air quality) through monitoring of several air pollutants inside selected homes in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia, and to study the most affecting factors on IAQ. Continuous 8-hour monitoring at each home during six months of 2019–2020 was conducted for six air pollutants inside and outside 200 homes, representing three main Saudi cities (Dammam, Al-Hofuf and Qatif). Measurements of six air pollutants were conducted in the kitchen, the living room and the bedroom inside each home and simultaneously outside these homes in their immediate vicinity. The highest mean levels of PM10 (50.3 ± 20.0 µg/m3), CO2 (822.9 ± 195.1 ppm) and NO2 (0.044 ± 0.009 ppm) were found in kitchens, while the highest mean level of CO (1.27 ± 0.25 ppm) was found in living rooms. As for total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) and SO2, their levels were nearly the same at three sites (0.21 ± 0.04 ppm and 0.018 ± 0.002 ppm, respectively). Levels of PM10 exceeded their air quality guidelines (AQGs) in homes that are located near industrial and agricultural areas, while levels of other air pollutants were lower than their AQGs in all regions. The increase in concentrations of air pollutants outdoors was accompanied by an increase in concentrations indoors.
Input, Outcome, and Impact: A Program-Informed Model to Improve the Effectiveness of Corporate Social Marketing
Authors: Campbell Alexander , Deshpande Sameer , Kumar Sunil , Rundle-Thiele Sharyn , West Tracey 
Published: October 2023

Background The purpose of this research is to extend Corporate Social Marketing (CSM) literature and provide practitioners with a framework that can be used in different contexts, as the existing literature lacks an understanding of what factors determine the success of a CSM program and understand the interplay between cross-sector partnerships, CSM, and societal outcomes and impact delivery. Companies are taking a greater interest in addressing social issues, utilizing innovative CSR approaches such as CSM to promote behavior change among their audience while matching their core strengths and attributes ( Kotler et al., 2012 ). Focus of the Article The article evaluates how the CSM program Mein Pragati developed lasting behavior change and seeks to develop a conceptual model around its success. Research Question How can the CSM contribute to behavior change programs? Program Design/Approach Importance to the Social Marketing Field The proposed model (Input, Outcome, and Impact Model of Program Development) provides a structured approach to building a CSM program that changes behavior and develops mutual benefit between corporations, government, and nonprofits. Methods Using a case study approach, this paper analyzes a successful financial inclusion program, Mein Pragati of a global analytics company, CRISIL, and its CSR arm. The three studies (in-depth interviews with eight management members, in-depth interviews with 82 Sakhis (peer educators) and their spouses, and 248 survey interviews with beneficiaries reveal the connection between program development, social outcomes, and societal impact. Results Based on the findings of the three studies, the cross-sector Input, Output, and Outcome Model of the Program Development proposes ways to build effective CSR interventions. Individually, the findings from the in-depth interviews provide a thematic overview of CSM’s success, peer educator interviews identify the impact and outcomes of Mein Pragati, and beneficiary interviews demonstrate program success. Recommendations for Research and Practice Future research can empirically test the Input, Outcome, and Impact Model of Program Development, as further exploration of CSM is needed to understand how the concepts of people, planet, and profits can mutually benefit and provide both behavioral and societal change within program development.
Guideline Compliance and Indications for Inferior Vena Cava Filter Placement at a Quaternary Care Medical Center
Authors: Choe June , Liang Richard , Weinberg Aaron S. , Tapson Victor F. 
Published: October 2023

Purpose: This study investigated physician compliance with indications for inferior vena cava (IVC) filter placement according to the 2012 American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP) and the 2011 Society of Interventional Radiology (SIR) guidelines. Materials and Methods: A retrospective medical record review of 231 retrievable IVC filters placed between August 15, 2016, and December 28, 2017, at a large urban academic medical center. Guideline compliance to the 2012 ACCP and the 2011 SIR guidelines, and indications for IVC filter placements were assessed through an adjudication protocol. Filter retrieval and complication rates were also examined. Results: Compliance to guidelines was low (60.2% for ACCP; 74.0% for SIR), especially for non-intensive care unit (ICU) patients (ICU 74.6% vs non-ICU 54.8%, p=0.007 for ACCP; ICU 82.5% vs non-ICU 70.8%, p=0.092 for SIR). After adjudication, 8.2% (19/231) of filters were considered non-indicated but reasonable, 17.7% (41/231) non-indicated and unreasonable, and 13.9% (32/231) SIR-indicated but not ACCP-indicated. The most common indication was venous thromboembolism with contraindication to anticoagulation. The most common reasons for non-compliance were distal deep venous thrombosis with contraindication to anticoagulation (19/60, 31.6%) and clot burden (19/60, 31.6%). One-year filter retrieval and 90-day complication rates were 32.0% (74/231) and 6.1% (14/231), respectively. Conclusion: Compliance to established guidelines was low. Reasons for non-compliance included limitations or discrepancies in guidelines, as well as non–evidence-based filter placements. Clinical Impact Despite increasing utilization of inferior vena cava (IVC) filters, guideline compliance for IVC filter placement among providers is unclear. The results of this study indicate that physician compliance to established guidelines is poor, especially in non-intensive-care-unit patients. Noncompliance stems from non-evidence-based filter placement as well as differences and limitations in guidelines. Avoiding non-indicated IVC filter placement and consolidation of guidelines may significantly improve guideline compliance. The critical insights gained from this study can help promote judicious use of IVC filters and highlight the role of venous thromboembolism experts in navigating complex cases and nuances of guidelines.