bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Commentary
Authors: Palatucci John S. , Chakravarty Sujoy , Kratchman Amy L. , Harris Jill , Pizzi Laura T. , Coffield Caroline N. , Ibitamuno Grace , Spitalnik Deborah M. 
Published: November 2023

Background:
The 2020–2029 strategic plan for the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Trust Fund calls for addressing data infrastructure gaps that are critical for studying issues around intellectual and developmental disabilities (I/DD). Specifically, the plan calls for data collection on economic factors that affect person-centered approaches to health care decision-making. Among people with I/DD and their caregivers, such economic factors may include financial costs of care, decreased opportunities for leisure and recreation, income losses associated with caregiving, and foregone opportunities for skill acquisition or other human capital investments.

Objective:
This commentary supports responsiveness to the Patient-Centered Outcomes
Research Trust Fund (PCORTF) calls by conceptualizing and operationalizing a framework for identifying preferences on economic factors that are relevant to people with I/DD and their caregivers.

Main Arguments:
The framework outlined in this commentary addresses barriers to data collection that hinder measure development in the study of I/DD. This work is significant and timely given the continued movement to integrate and maintain people with I/DD within communities and recent methodological advances for eliciting preferences among people with I/DD.

Relevance to the Special Issue:
Readers will be introduced to a framework for building data capacity in the study of economic outcomes among a population that is a high research priority for federal funding agencies. This commentary aims to be useful to researchers in planning, developing, and initiating projects in this area.
Do Hospital Characteristics Predict Racial-and-Ethnic Disparities in Patient Experience? National Results From the HCAHPS Survey
Authors: Beckett Megan K. , Elliott Marc N. , Hambarsoomian Katrin , Tamayo Loida , Lehrman William G. , Agniel Denis , Khau Meagan , Goldstein Elizabeth , Giordano Laura A. , Ng Judy H. , Martino Steven C. 
Published: November 2023

Objective:
Assess whether hospital characteristics associated with better patient experiences overall are also associated with smaller racial-and-ethnic disparities in inpatient experience.

Background:
Hospitals that are smaller, non-profit, and serve high proportions of White patients tend to be high-performing overall, but it is not known whether these hospitals also have smaller racial-and-ethnic disparities in care.

Research Design:
We used linear mixed-effect regression models to predict a summary measure that averaged eight Hospital CAHPS (HCAHPS) measures (Nurse Communication, Doctor Communication, Staff Responsiveness, Communication about Medicines, Discharge Information, Care Coordination, Hospital Cleanliness, and Quietness) from patient race-and-ethnicity, hospital characteristics (size, ownership, racial-and-ethnic patient-mix), and interactions of race-and-ethnicity with hospital characteristics.

Subjects:
Inpatients discharged from 4,365 hospitals in 2021 who completed an HCAHPS survey (N=2,288,862).

Results:
While hospitals serving larger proportions of Black and Hispanic patients scored lower on all measures, racial-and-ethnic disparities were generally smaller for Black and Hispanic patients who received care from hospitals serving higher proportions of patients in their racial-and-ethnic group. Experiences overall were better in smaller and non-profit hospitals, but racial-and-ethnic differences were slightly larger.

Conclusions:
Large, for-profit hospitals and hospitals serving higher proportions of Black and Hispanic patients tend to be lower performing overall but have smaller disparities in patient experience. High-performing hospitals might look at low-performing hospitals for how to provide less disparate care whereas low-performing hospitals may look to high-performing hospitals for how to improve patient experience overall.
Recent advances in the treatment of childhood cancers
Authors: Ohlsen Timothy J.D. , Martos Melissa R. , Hawkins Douglas S. 
Published: November 2023

Purpose of review
Although cancer remains the leading nonaccidental cause of mortality in children, substantial advances in care have led to 5-year overall survival exceeding 85%. However, improvements in outcomes have not been uniform across malignancies or strata of social determinants of health. The current review highlights recent areas of advancement and anticipated directions for future progress.

Recent findings
Incorporation of rational targeted agents into upfront treatment regimens has led to incremental improvements in event-free survival for many children, sometimes with potential reductions in late effects. For rare or challenging-to-treat cancers, the increasing feasibility of molecular profiling has provided specific treatment options to patients with some of the greatest needs. Simultaneously, increased focus is being given to patient-reported outcomes and social determinants of health, the importance of
which are becoming readily recognized in providing equitable, quality care. Finally, as survival from malignant diseases improves, breakthroughs in the prevention and management of adverse late effects will promote long-term quality of life.

Summary
Multi-institutional collaboration and risk-adapted approaches have been crucial to recent advancements in the care of children with cancer and inform potential directions for future investigation.
Leveraging behavioral modification technology for the prevention of kidney stones
Authors: Aksenov Leonid I. , Streeper Necole M. , Scales Charles D. 
Published: November 2023

Purpose of reviewThe purpose of this review is to examine the use of technology to help promote and maintain behaviors that decrease stone recurrence.Recent findingsBehavior change is a complex process with various interacting components. Recent developments have sought to utilize technology in combination with behavioral change techniques to promote behavior that lowers stone recurrence risk. Smart water bottles are becoming a popular way to accurately measure fluid intake with variable impact on adherence to the recommended daily fluid intake. Mobile apps have also been explored as a method to improve fluid intake. Interventions that combine smart water bottles, mobile apps, and behavioral change techniques have shown the most promise in promoting increased daily fluid intake. Other technologies, such as smart pill dispensers and hydration monitors, have potential applications in promoting behavioral change for stone disease but have yet to be evaluated for this purpose.SummaryThere is a limited number of studies exploring technology as a means to promote and maintain behaviors that decrease urinary stone recurrence. Future research is needed to elucidate how to maximize the potential of these technologies and better understand which behavioral change techniques best promote habit formation for the prevention of stones.
Virtual reality vs. physical models in surgical skills training. An update of the evidence
Authors: Chahal Baldev , Aydin Abdullatif , Ahmed Kamran 
Published: November 2023

Purpose of review
Simulation is a key component of surgical training, enabling trainees to develop their skills in a safe environment. With simulators broadly grouped into physical models and virtual-reality (VR) simulators, it is important to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of the simulator types in terms of validity as well as cost. The review aims to compare the benefits and drawbacks of novel VR and physical simulators within the broader themes of endourology, laparoscopic and robotic operations, and other urological procedures.

Recent findings
Key benefits of bench models include their comparatively lower cost, easy access and provision of haptic feedback, whereas VR simulators are generally self-sufficient, reusable and enable skills of haemostasis to be practised. The advent of perfused 3D printed simulators across a range of urological procedures may replace cadavers as the traditional gold-standard simulation modality.

Summary
Although possessing differing strengths and downsides, VR and physical simulators when used together can have an additive effect due to skill transferability across the platforms. Further comparative studies are required to directly quantify the differences between physical models and VR simulators in terms of performance metrics and cost-effectiveness. There is lack of validated VR simulators for open and reconstructive procedures.
ChatGPT in urology practice: revolutionizing efficiency and patient care with generative artificial intelligence
Authors: Nedbal Carlotta , Naik Nitesh , Castellani Daniele , Gauhar Vineet , Geraghty Robert , Somani Bhaskar Kumar 
Published: November 2023

Purpose of review
ChatGPT has emerged as a potentially useful tool for healthcare. Its role in urology is in its infancy and has much potential for research, clinical practice and for patient assistance. With this narrative review, we want to draw a picture of what is known about ChatGPT's integration in urology, alongside future promises and challenges.

Recent findings
The use of ChatGPT can ease the administrative work, helping urologists with note-taking and clinical documentation such as discharge summaries and clinical notes. It can improve patient engagement through increasing awareness and facilitating communication, as it has especially been investigated for uro-oncological diseases. Its ability to understand human emotions makes ChatGPT an empathic and thoughtful interactive tool or source for urological patients and their relatives. Currently, its role in clinical diagnosis and treatment decisions is uncertain, as concerns have been raised about misinterpretation, hallucination and out-of-date information. Moreover, a mandatory regulatory process for ChatGPT in urology is yet to be established.

Summary
ChatGPT has the potential to contribute to precision medicine and tailored practice by its quick, structured responses. However, this will depend on how well information can be obtained by seeking appropriate responses and asking the pertinent questions. The key lies in being able to validate the responses, regulating the information shared and avoiding misuse of the same to protect the data and patient privacy. Its successful integration into mainstream urology needs educational bodies to provide guidelines or best practice recommendations for the same.
Moving towards online-based STI testing and treatment services for young people: Who will use it and what do they want?
Authors: Ludwick Teralynn , Walsh Olivia , Cardwell Trey , Chang Shanton , Kong Fabian , Hocking Jane S. 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The market for online STI services is rapidly expanding. Online health services often have unequal uptake among different demographics of the population. There is a need to understand how different online delivery options for STI testing may appeal to different groups of young people, particularly young people who have higher rates of STI diagnoses or access barriers.

Materials and methods
An online survey of young Australians aged 16-29 was conducted to understand service preferences regarding: consultation (telehealth, fully automated questionnaire); testing (electronic pathology form, at-home self-sampling); treatment (e-prescriptions, mailed oral tablets); and partner notification (web tools). Multivariable multinomial logistic regression examined associations between user characteristics and service preferences and adjusted relative risk ratios (aRRR) and 95% confidence intervals are presented.

Results
Among 905 respondents, rural youth were more likely to prefer fully automated questionnaires (aRRR = 1.9; 95% CI 1.0 to 3.5) over telehealth consultations, whereas culturally and linguistically diverse youth (CALD) were less likely (aRRR = 0.4; 95% CI 0.2 to 0.7). Rural youth preferred at-home self-sampling kits (aRRR = 1.9; 95% CI 1.3, 2.7) over electronic forms for on-site collection at pathology centres, with the opposite for CALD youth (aRRR = 0.7; 95% CI 0.5,1.0). Receiving oral antibiotics by mail was preferred by rural youth (aRRR:2.3 95% CI 1.1, 4.6) over for in-clinic treatment, but not for CALD youth (aRRR = 0.5; 95% CI 0.4, 0.8).

Discussion
Our findings suggest that rural youth tend to prefer self-navigated and automated options whereas CALD prefer options with greater provider engagement. Online STI service providers should consider how different service options may affect equitable uptake across the population, and implications for addressing disparities in testing and treatment.
Identifying the Need for and Availability of Evidence-Based Care for Sexually Transmitted Infections in Rural Primary Care Clinics
Authors: Merrell Melinda A. , Crouch Elizabeth , Harrison Sayward , Brown Monique J. , Brown Tony , Pearson William S. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Increasing rates of bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STI) may lead to increased HIV rates, as the STI and HIV epidemics are syndemic. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines recommend including extragenital (i.e., rectal and/or pharyngeal) STI screenings for certain populations at increased risk for STIs and concurrent infections with HIV.

Methods
A descriptive study was conducted by interviewing staff members from four rural primary care clinics in areas of high need for STI and HIV services in South Carolina. Qualitative data about their clinical practices in 2021 was obtained. The primary outcome was to determine the awareness and availability of health care services associated with STI and HIV care in these locations.

Results
Clinics in target counties provided limited STI and HIV testing and treatment services, especially for populations at risk of infection, indicating the need for additional clinical training and professional development for all clinic staff. Specifically, only one of four clinics provided extragenital STI testing, and no clinics reported prescribing Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP).

Conclusions
Rural primary care clinics can fill important gaps in the availability of STI and HIV services with appropriate support and incentives. Findings from this study may aid in facilitating policy (state Medicaid agencies) and program (state health department) decisions related to STI and HIV testing and treatment.
18F-FDG PET/CT Versus 18F-FAPI PET/CT in a Case of Recurrent Malignant Phyllodes Breast Tumor
Authors: Jiang Shuqin , Jiang Ming , Rao Songquan , Liang Jiucen , Zhang Rusen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A 52-year-old woman with medical history of surgery for left malignant phyllodes breast tumor found a mass on the left chest 3 months ago. A suspicion of recurrent malignant phyllodes breast tumor was made. The patient was enrolled in the clinical trial of 18F-FAPI PET/CT in recurrent sarcoma (no. NCT05485792). 18F-FAPI PET/CT and 18F-FDG PET/CT were performed, and the images demonstrated intense uptake in a huge mass in the left anterior chest wall. Then the patient underwent extended resection of left chest wall tumor. The tumor proved to be recurrent malignant phyllodes breast tumor pathologically.
Management of Human Bites in a Rural Kenyan Setting
Authors: Rhodes Isaiah J. , Mwangi Mark W. , Romeo Dominic J. , Rhodes WR , Rohde Christine 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionThe treatment of human bites is a common issue facing healthcare practitioners in the developing countries of Sub-Saharan Africa where it has been noted as a growing public health concern. Generally, the desired outcomes from surgical management are healing, function, and aesthetics. We share our 8-year experience at Kapsowar Hospital in Kenya with the presentation, management, and outcome of human bites. We are uniquely situated to do so given the prevalence of human biting in our community and the full-time presence of a plastic surgeon at our institution. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to present human bite surgical management by a plastic surgeon certified by the American Board of Surgery working full-time on the African continent.MethodsA retrospective chart review was conducted on all patients who presented to the operating theater at Kapsowar Hospital with a human bite between 2013–2021. After identification of eligible patients, charts were reviewed assessing parameters including age, gender, timing from injury to presentation at hospital, localization of bite, severity of facial wounds using Lackmann's classification, surgical procedure(s), postoperative complications, surgical revisions, antibiotics administered, and circumstance of incident. Data were analyzed using SPSS 29.0.0.0.ResultsForty-four patients were identified. Seventeen (38.6%) were female and 27 (61.4%) were male. Thirty-one patients had facial bites and 13 patients had bites to other parts of the body. Of facial bites, 70.3% resulted in amputation of the affected part while 29.7% were lacerations. Using Lackmann's classification for facial bite severity, IIIA bites (complete avulsion) were most common for both males (9) and females (7). Females comprised 68.4% of total lip bite victims. Bites to the extremity were associated with late presentation and infection. We report a salvage rate of 85.7% for infected digits.ConclusionsCompared with most other studies on human bites, our patient population presents with a higher rate of avulsive lip injuries, most commonly among women. Our postoperative infection rate is lower than many others reported in the literature. Satisfactory cosmetic outcome with low risk of infection can be achieved by following well-established principles of wound healing and tension-free closure.
SINGLE-CELL TRANSCRIPTOME ANALYSIS IN HEALTH AND DISEASE
Authors: Bhattachan Punit , Jeschke Marc G. 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
The analysis of the single-cell transcriptome has emerged as a powerful tool to gain insights of the basic mechanisms of health and disease. It is widely used to reveal the cellular diversity and complexity of tissues at cellular resolution by RNA sequencing of the whole transcriptome from a single cell. Equally, it is applied to discover an unknown, rare population of cells in the tissue. The prime advantage of single-cell transcriptome analysis is the detection of stochastic nature of gene expression of the cell in tissue. Moreover, the availability of multiple platforms for the single-cell transcriptome has broadened its approaches to using cells of different sizes and shapes, including the capture of short or full-length transcripts, which is helpful in the analysis of challenging biological samples. And with the development of numerous packages in R and Python, new directions in the computational analysis of single-cell transcriptomes can be taken to characterize healthy versus diseased tissues to obtain novel pathological insights. To further examine the biology of different cell types, downstream analysis such as differential gene expression analysis, GO term analysis, KEGG pathway analysis, cell-cell interaction analysis, and trajectory analysis has become standard practice in the workflow of single-cell transcriptome analysis. Here, we provide a broad overview of single-cell transcriptome analysis in health and disease conditions currently applied in various studies.
Renal Angptl4 is a key fibrogenic molecule in progressive diabetic kidney disease
Authors: Srivastava Swayam Prakash , Zhou Han , Shenoi Rachel , Morris Myshal , Goedeke Leigh , Rajendran Barani Kumar , Setia Ocean , Aryal Binod , Kanasaki Keizo , Koya Daisuke , Dardik Alan , Bell Thomas , Hernando Carlos Fernández- , Shulman Gerald I. , Goodwin Julie E. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAngiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) is the key protein involved in lipoprotein metabolism and has been shown to have diverse effects on tissue protection. In clinical settings, there is a reported association between higher levels of plasma Angptl4 and features of diabetic kidney disease, however, the association between kidney Angptl4 with features of diabetic kidney disease has not been well investigated. We show that both podocyte-and tubule-specific ANGPTL4 are crucial fibrogenic molecules in diabetes. Results from mRNA-array analysis in control (non-fibrotic) and diabetic (fibrotic) kidneys suggest time-dependent emergence ofAngplt4expression. Diabetes accelerates the fibrogenic phenotype in control mice but not in ANGPTL4 mutant mice. The protective effect observed in ANGPTL4 mutant mice is correlated with a reduction in the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition and augmented fatty acid oxidation. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that podocyte-or tubule-secretedAngptl4interacts with Integrin-β1 and influences the association between dipeptidyl-4 with Integrin-β1 and promotes heterodimerization of transforming growth factor-β receptor 1 (TGFβR1) andTGFβR2in cultured cells. This in turn results inSmad3phosphorylation and subsequent downregulation of the expression of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation; these cumulative effects led to the activation of fibrogenic phenotypes. We demonstrate the utility of a targeted pharmacologic therapy that specifically inhibitsAngptl4gene expression in the kidneys and protects diabetic kidneys from proteinuria and fibrosis. Importantly, use of this kidney-specific targeted strategy is beneficial and does not cause any harmful effect suggesting it can be used as a novel drug molecule for treatment of diabetic kidney disease. Taken together, these data demonstrate that podocyte-and tubule-derivedAngptl4is fibrogenic in diabetic kidneys.
Insights into spinach domestication from genomes sequences of two wild spinach progenitors,Spinacia turkestanicaandS. tetrandra
Authors: She Hongbing , Liu Zhiyuan , Xu Zhaosheng , Zhang Helong , Wu Jian , Wang Xiaowu , Cheng Feng , Charlesworth Deborah , Qian Wei 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCultivated spinach (Spinacia oleracea) is a dioecious species (with male and female flowers on separate individuals). We report high-quality genome assemblies for its two closest wild relatives,S. turkestanicaandS. tetrandra, which are also dioecious, to study the genetics of spinach domestication. Using a combination of genomic approaches, we assembled genome sequences of both these species, and analysed them in comparison to the previously assembledS. oleraceagenome. These species diverged approximately 6.3 million years ago (Mya), while cultivated spinach split fromS. turkestanica(its probable direct progenitor) 0.8 Mya. A common feature of all three species is that all six chromosomes include very large gene-poor, repeat-rich regions. InS. oleracea, these correspond with pericentromeric regions with very low recombination rates in both male and female genetic maps, and we infer that the similar pericentromeric regions in the wild species also recombine rarely. Although these regions include a low proportion ofSpinaciagenes, many genes are nevertheless within them, and they must be considered when analyzing selection during domestication. As a first approach to the difficult question of detecting genes involved in spinach domestication, we characterized 282 structural variants (SVs) whose frequencies are higher in a set of spinach accessions than in the wild species, suggesting that they mark genome regions that have been selected during domestication. These regions include genes associated with leaf margin type and flowering time. We also describe evidence that the downy mildew resistance loci of cultivated spinach are derived from introgression from both wild spinach species.