bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transitional care for older adults with chronic illness: A qualitative inquiry
Authors: Isac Chandrani , Lee Premila 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundImproved public health strategies and medical advancements have expanded older adults' survival after acute insults from chronic diseases. The resultant increase in disability and care requirements among older adults is significant. However, transitional care interventions to support the efficient transition from acute care settings to home are primitive in developing countries like India.ObjectiveThis qualitative survey aimed to estimate the transitional care requirements of older adults with chronic illness discharged from acute care facilities.MethodsDescriptive phenomenological approach was utilised for this qualitative study. The older adult‐family caregiver dyads fulfilling the inclusion criteria were interviewed until the achievement of information saturation. The transcribed narratives between the researcher, older adults and their caregivers were thematically analysed. Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) served as the framework for reporting this research.ResultsThirteen older adult‐caregiver dyads participated in the semi‐structured interview, which yielded six themes. Older adults have a hidden self with characteristics ranging between a continuum of ‘insistence’ to ‘giving up’. Caregiver attributes identified from this inquiry were exhaustion, engagement and empowerment. The remaining four themes which constitute the framework for the ‘transitional care progression’ model include ‘complications are mature when identified among older adults’, ‘medication knowledge is proportionate with its compliance’, ‘ignorance of supportive care increases caregiver burden’ and ‘deficient follow‐up practices compromise health’.ConclusionsTransitional care for older adults with chronic illness is premature in developing countries. However, the needs of older adults with chronic disease and their caregivers evolved from the present study align with global perspectives. Themes generated from the current qualitative interview, blended with evidence‐based interventions, yielded the transitional care progression model, which serves as the only available framework for implementing transitional care in the region.Implications for PracticeFuture research to establish the feasibility and validity of the ‘transitional care progression model’ is forecasted. The model requires inclusion within the healthcare curriculum. Professional nurses prepared to implement coordinated transitional care pathways are recommended.
Orthokeratology effect on the corneoscleral profile: Beyond the bull's eye
Authors: Martínez‐Plaza Elena , López‐de la Rosa Alberto , Molina‐Martín Ainhoa , Piñero David P. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPurposeTo assess the impact of 3 months of orthokeratology (ortho‐k) contact lenses (CLs) for myopia correction on the corneoscleral profile, as changes in scleral geometry could serve as indirect evidence of alteration in the corneal biomechanical properties.MethodsTwenty subjects (40 eyes) were recruited to wear ortho‐k lenses overnight; however, after discontinuation (two CL fractures, one under‐correction and two non‐serious adverse events), 16 subjects (31 eyes) finished a 3‐month follow‐up. Corneoscleral topographies were acquired using the Eye Surface Profiler (ESP) system before and after 3 months of lens wear. Steep (SimKs) and flat (SimKf) simulated keratometry and scleral sagittal height measurements for 13‐, 14‐ and 15‐mm chord lengths were automatically calculated by the ESP software. Additionally, sagittal height and slope were calculated in polar format from 21 radii (0–10 mm from the corneal apex) at 12 angles (0–330°). Linear mixed models were fitted to determine the differences between visits.ResultsSimKs and SimKf were increased significantly (p ≤ 0.02). The sagittal height in polar format increased significantly (p = 0.046) at a radius of 2.5 mm for 150°, 180°, 210° and 240° orientations and at a radius of 3.0 mm for 210°. Additionally, the slope in polar format significantly decreased (p ≤ 0.04) at radii ranges of 0.0–0.5, 0.5–1.0 and 1.0–1.5 mm for multiple angles and at a radii range of 5.0–5.5 mm for 90°. It also increased significantly (p ≤ 0.045) at a radii range of 1.5–2.0 mm for 30° and at radii ranges of 2.0–2.5, 2.5–3.0 and 3.0–3.5 mm for multiple angles. No significant changes were found for any parameter measured from the scleral area.ConclusionsThree months of overnight ortho‐k lens wear changed the central and mid‐peripheral corneal geometry as expected, maintaining the peripheral cornea and the surrounding sclera stability.
Fatty Infiltration of Multifidus Muscles: An Easily Overlooked Risk Factor for the Severity of Osteoporotic Vertebral Fractures
Authors: Xu Wuyan , Liu Xiaowen , Wu Li , Liang Shaohua , Zhang Ye , Huang Junbing , Zeng Xuwen , Li Siming , Xu Fan , Xiong Yuchao 
Published: January 2024

ObjectivesOsteoporotic vertebral fractures (OVFs) are a critical public health concern requiring urgent attention, and severe OVFs impose substantial health and economic burdens on patients and society. Analysis of the risk factors for severe OVF is imperative to actively prevent the occurrence of this degenerative disorder. This study aimed to investigate the risk factors associated with the severity of OVF, with a specific focus on changes in the paraspinal muscles.MethodsA total of 281 patients with a first‐time single‐level acute OVF between January 2016 and January 2023 were enrolled in the study. Clinical and radiological data were collected and analyzed. The cross‐sectional area (CSA) and degree of fatty infiltration (FI) of the paraspinal muscles, including the multifidus muscles (MFMs), erector spinae muscles (ESMs), and psoas major muscles (PSMs), were measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the L4/5 intervertebral discs. According to the classification system of osteoporotic fractures (OF classification) and recommended treatment plan, OVFs were divided into a low‐grade OF group and a high‐grade OF group. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyse s were performed to identify risk factors associated with the severity of OVF.ResultsNinety‐eight patients were included in the low‐grade OF group, and 183 patients were included in the high‐grade OF group. Univariate analysis revealed a significantly higher incidence of a high degree of FI of MFMs (OR = 1.71, p = 0.002) and ESMs (OR = 1.56, p = 0.021) in the high‐grade OF group. Further multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that a high degree of FI of the MFMs (OR = 1.71, p = 0.002) is an independent risk factor for the severity of OVF.ConclusionA high degree of FI of the MFMs was identified as an independent risk factor for the severity of OVF. Decreasing the degree of FI in the MFMs might lower the incidence of the severity of OVF, potentially reducing the necessity for surgical intervention in OVF patients.
Incomplete Kawasaki disease presenting with a cellulitis‐like plaque: Lessons from an unusual presentation
Authors: Banbury Sara , Gebre Kirubel , Milgraum David M. , Do Ngan , Yan Albert C. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractKawasaki disease (KD) is an acute small to medium‐vessel vasculitis that primarily affects children under the age of 5 years. The cause of KD is unknown, but it is hypothesized to be a systemic inflammatory illness triggered by infections in genetically predisposed individuals. Diagnosis of incomplete KD is made in patients with prolonged fever without a source who do not meet diagnostic criteria but have some findings consistent with KD such as elevated inflammatory markers, transaminitis, and echocardiographic findings. We present a 7‐year‐old boy who developed 10 days of fevers and rash that began 3 days after his first dose of hepatitis A vaccination and had notable features of a peculiar cellulitis‐like plaque and peripheral eosinophilia.
Erianin inhibits tumor growth by promoting ferroptosis and inhibiting invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma through the JAK2/STAT3/SLC7A11 pathway
Authors: Chen Liyan , Sun Rongrong , Fang Kun 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIron has been found to be involved in the tumor cell proliferation process, which can lead to the increased sensitivity of cancer cells to ferroptosis. Since erianin is associated with oxidative stress in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), we hypothesized that the therapeutic effect and mechanism of erianin on HCC is related to ferroptosis. HCC cells were stimulated with increase of erianin concentrations for 24 h, and the survival rates of Huh‐7 and HepG2 cells gradually decreased. After intervention with different doses of erianin, cell proliferation, clone number, and invasion were prominently decreased, apoptosis ratio was increased. Moreover, Nec‐1, CQ, and Z‐VAD had no effect on the cell viability induced by erianin, while the combination of ferroptosis inhibitors (deferoxamine mesylate, ferrostatin‐1, and liproxstatin‐1) and erianin prominently increased cell survival rate. Erianin pretreatment induced ferroptosis by enhancing reactive oxygen species, MDA, and Fe2+ levels, and reducing GSH levels. Erianin activated JAK2/STAT3 pathway and inhibited SLC7A11 and GPX4 expression, thereby inducing ferroptosis. Besides, tumor growth was significantly inhibited in the erianin‐treated mice, and there was no obvious toxicity in the mice. Erianin reduced proliferation and invasion of HCC cells by inducing ferroptosis by blocking the JAK2/STAT3/SLC7A11 pathway, thereby impeding tumor growth.
Awareness of errors is reduced by sleep loss
Authors: Boardman Johanna M. , Cross Zachariah R. , Bravo Michelle M. , Andrillon Thomas , Aidman Eugene , Anderson Clare , Drummond Sean P. A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe ability to detect and subsequently correct errors is important in preventing the detrimental consequences of sleep loss. The Error Related Negativity (ERN), and the error positivity (Pe) are established neural correlates of error processing. Previous work has shown sleep loss reduces ERN and Pe, indicating sleep loss impairs error‐monitoring processes. However, no previous work has examined behavioral error awareness, in conjunction with EEG measures, under sleep loss conditions, and studies of sleep restriction are lacking. Using combined behavioral and EEG measures, we report two studies investigating the impact of total sleep deprivation (TSD) and sleep restriction (SR) on error awareness. Fourteen healthy participants completed the Error Awareness Task under conditions of TSD and 27 completed the same task under conditions of SR. It was found that TSD did not influence behavioral error awareness or ERN or Pe amplitude, however, SR reduced behavioral error awareness, increased the time taken to detect errors, and reduced Pe amplitude. Findings indicate individuals who are chronically sleep restricted are at risk for reduced recognition of errors. Reduced error awareness may be one factor contributing to the increased accidents and injuries seen in contexts where sleep loss is prevalent.
Exploring MicroRNA biogenesis, applications and bioinformatics analysis in livestock: A comprehensive review
Authors: Jaglan Komal , Dhaka S. S. , Magotra Ankit , Patil C. S. , Ghanghas Amandeep 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSmall non‐coding RNAs called microRNAs (miRNAs) control the expression of genes post‐transcriptionally. Their correlation with commercial economic traits including milk, meat and egg production, as well as their effective role in animal productivity, fertility, embryo survival and disease resistance, make them significant in livestock research. The miRNAs exhibit distinct spatial and temporal expression patterns, offering insights into their functional roles within cells and tissues. Aberrant miRNA production can disrupt vital cellular processes and genetic networks, contributing to conditions like metabolic disorders and viral diseases. These short RNA molecules are present in extracellular fluids, displaying remarkable stability against RNA degradation enzymes and extreme environmental conditions. miRNAs preservation is facilitated through packaging in lipid vesicles or complex formation with RNA‐binding proteins. Numerous studies have illuminated the roles of miRNAs in diverse physiological processes, including embryonic stem cell differentiation, haematopoietic stem cell proliferation and differentiation and the coordinated development of organ systems. The integration of miRNA profiling, next‐generation sequencing and bioinformatics analysis paves the way for transformative advancements in livestock research and industry. The present review underscores the applications of miRNAs in livestock, showcasing their potential to improve breeding strategies, diagnose diseases and enhance our understanding of fundamental biological processes.
Breaking Barriers: An Innovative Tool to Assess the National and City-Level Physical Activity Policy Development to Practice Disconnect
Authors: Resendiz Eugen , Ramírez-Varela Andrea , Mejía-Grueso Juliana , Moon Jane , Mitáš Josef , Brownson Ross C. , Salvo Deborah , Pratt Michael 
Published: January 2024

Background: Population-level physical activity increases are improbable without intersectoral collaboration across government levels and sectors to develop and implement physical activity promotion policies. This study aims to provide information about the development of the Interaction between National and Local Government Levels in Development and Implementation of Physical Activity Policies Tool (INTEGRATE PA-Pol). A framework was created to examine the development and implementation of national and subnational physical activity policies and the (mis)alignment between government levels. Methods: The work was conducted in 3 phases: (1) a scoping review was carried out to identify local government physical activity promotion policies and instruments for assessing them, (2) an expert group designed 6 questionnaires, and (3) cognitive response testing was employed for validity testing and item modification with a panel of research and policy experts. Results: The INTEGRATE PA-Pol Tool consists of 6 questionnaires assessing how national and subnational governments collaborate to develop and implement physical activity promotion policies. Conclusion: This tool can assist in better understanding the development and implementation of a public policy monitoring system that will allow for benchmarking and priority setting to comprehend how physical activity promotion policies are designed and executed.
An Ego-Involving Motivational Climate Can Trigger Inflammation, a Threat Appraisal, and Basic Psychological Need Frustration in an Achievement Context
Authors: Hogue Candace M. 
Published: January 2024

In this experimental investigation, male college students (N = 56; Mage = 19.95 years) who did not yet know how to juggle were randomly assigned to a 30-min instructional juggling session with either a caring, task-involving climate or an ego-involving climate. An inflammatory response to psychosocial stress was assessed via salivary interleukin-6 prior to (t = 0) and following (t = +30, +45, +60 min) the session. Surveys were utilized to examine positive and negative affect prior to the session and affect, psychological needs, challenge and threat appraisals, and perceived ability to juggle following the session. This is the first investigation to show that ego-involving climates can trigger inflammation, along with maladaptive psychological responses. Participants in the caring, task-involving climate responded with greater psychological need satisfaction, resource evaluations, positive affect, and perceived juggling ability. This research suggests there may be important physiological consequences to ego-involving climates, in addition to concerning cognitive, affective, and behavioral responses.
Sudapyridine (WX-081) antibacterial activity against
Mycobacterium avium
,
Mycobacterium abscessus
, and
Mycobacterium chelonae in vitro
and
in vivo
Authors: Zheng Luyao , Wang Hong , Qi Xueting , Zhang Weiyan , Wang Bin , Fu Lei , Chen Xi , Chen Xiaoyou , Lu Yu 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

Sudapyridine (WX-081) is a structural analog of bedaquiline (BDQ), which shows anti-tuberculosis and non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) activities but, unlike BDQ, did not prolong QT interval in animal model studies. This study evaluated the antibacterial activity of this novel compound against
Mycobacterium avium
,
Mycobacterium abscessus
, and
Mycobacterium chelonae in vitro
and
in vivo
. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of WX-081 against three kinds of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) clinical strains was determined using microplate-based alamarBlue assay (MABA), and the antibacterial activity of WX-081 against NTM in J774A.1 cells and mice was evaluated. MIC ranges of WX-081 against clinical strains of
M. avium
and
M. abscessus
were 0.05–0.94 μg/mL, 0.88–7.22 μg/mL (
M. abscessus
subsp.
abscessus
), and 0.22–8.67 μg/mL (
M. abscessus
subsp.
massiliense
), respectively, which were slightly higher than those of BDQ. For
M. avium
,
M. abscessus
, and
M. chelonae
, WX-081 can reduce the intracellular bacterial load by 0.13–1.18, 0.18–1.50, and 0.17–1.03 log
10
colony forming units (CFU)/mL, respectively, in a concentration-dependent manner. WX-081 has bactericidal activity against three NTM species in mice. WX-081 exhibited anti-NTM activity to the same extent as BDQ both
in vivo
and
in vitro
. WX-081 is a promising clinical candidate and should be studied further in clinical trials.

IMPORTANCE

Due to the rapidly increased cases globally, non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) disease has become a significant public health problem. NTM accounted for 11.57% of all mycobacterial isolates in China, with a high detection rate of
Mycobacterium abscessus
,
Mycobacterium avium
, and
Mycobacterium chelonae
during 2000–2019. Treatment of NTM infection is often challenging, as natural resistance to most antibiotics is quite common among different NTM species. Hence, identifying highly active anti-NTM agents is a priority for potent regimen establishment. The pursuit of new drugs to treat multidrug-resistant tuberculosis may also identify some agents with strong activity against NTM. Sudapyridine (WX-081) is a structural analog of bedaquiline (BDQ), which was developed to retain the anti-tuberculosis efficacy but eliminates the severe side effects of BDQ. This study initially evaluated the antimicrobial activity of this novel compound against
M. avium
,
M. abscessus
, and
M. chelonae in vitro
, in macrophages and mice, respectively.
Hepatitis B virus evades the immune system by suppressing the NF-κB signaling pathway with DENND2A
Authors: Ide Mayuko , Tabata Noriko , Yonemura Yuko , Murai Kazuhisa , Wang Ying , Ishida Atsuya , Honda Masao , Kaneko Shuichi , Ito Satoru , Yanagawa Hiroshi 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

Overcoming hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a challenging problem because HBV deceives the host immune system. We have found that DENN domain-containing 2A (DENND2A) was essential for HBV maintenance, although its role remains unclear. In this study, we elucidate its function by screening a novel DENND2A-binding peptide, DENP4-3S. DENP4-3S exhibits homology to SAM and SH3 domain-containing protein 1 (SASH1), a scaffold protein involved in Toll-like receptor signaling that promotes proinflammatory cytokine production. We confirmed that DENND2A interacts with SASH1 specifically. Overexpression and knockdown experiments showed that overexpression of DENND2A suppressed the transcriptional activity of NF-κB, and the knockdown of DENND2A promoted it and the production of cytokines and interferons. Here, we constructed a fusion protein (10M-DEN3SN) consisting of an anti-asialoglycoprotein receptor antibody and DENP4-3S to deliver the peptide to hepatocytes specifically. 10M-DEN3SN inhibited the interaction between DENND2A and SASH1, and rescued SASH1 trapped by DENND2A, leading to the upregulation of NF-κB and its downstream signaling. In addition, 10M-DEN3SN suppressed HBV proliferation in PXB chimeric mice. These results with the DENND2A-binding peptide delivered into hepatocytes suggested the involvement of DENND2A, SASH, and NF-κB signaling pathway in the HBV infection and onset of hepatitis. In conclusion, this study indicates that HBV utilizes DENND2A and SASH1 to evade the immune system.

IMPORTANCE
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a serious liver infection with no established cure, causing an abnormal host immune response. Here, we identified a novel peptide that interacts with DENN domain-containing 2A (DENND2A), a host factor essential for HBV maintenance. The resulting peptide showed sequence homology, revealing an interaction between DENND2A and the immune system regulator SASH1. This study suggests that DENND2A contributes to HBV infection by suppressing the cellular immune system by inhibiting SASH1. The DENND2A-binding peptide, incorporated into our hepatocyte-specific peptide delivery system, inhibited the DENND2A-SASH1 interaction and promoted the production of cytokines and interferons in cultured hepatocytes. As a consequence, the peptide suppressed HBV proliferation in humanized mice. We report new insights into the role of DENND2A and SASH1 in HBV maintenance and highlight the importance of the immune system.
Ecological study estimating melanoma overdiagnosis in the USA using the lifetime risk method
Authors: Adamson Adewole S , Naik Geetanjali , Jones Mark A , Bell Katy JL 
Published: January 2024

ObjectivesTo quantify the proportion of melanoma diagnoses (invasive and in situ) in the USA that might be overdiagnosed.DesignIn this ecological study, incidence and mortality data were collected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results 9 registries database. DevCan software was used to calculate the cumulative lifetime risk of being diagnosed with melanoma between 1975 and 2018, with adjustments made for changes in longevity and risk factors over the study period.SettingUSA.ParticipantsWhite American men and women (1975–2018).Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome was excess lifetime risk of melanoma diagnosis between 1976 and 2018 (adjusted for year 2018 competing mortality and changes in risk factors), which was inferred as likely overdiagnosis. The secondary outcome was an excess lifetime risk of melanoma diagnosis in each year between 1976 and 2018 (adjusted and unadjusted).ResultsBetween 1975 and 2018 the adjusted lifetime risk of being diagnosed with melanoma (invasive and in situ) increased from 3.2% (1 in 31) to 6.4% (1 in 16) among white men, and from 1.6% (1 in 63) to 4.5% (1 in 22) among white women. Over the same period, the adjusted lifetime risk of being diagnosed with melanoma in situ increased from 0.17% (1 in 588) to 2.7% (1 in 37) in white men and 0.08% (1 in 1250) to 2.0% (1 in 50) in white women. An estimated 49.7% of melanomas diagnosed in white men and 64.6% in white women were overdiagnosed in 2018. Among people diagnosed with melanomas in situ, 89.4% of white men and 85.4% of white women were likely overdiagnosed in 2018.ConclusionsMelanoma overdiagnosis among white Americans is significant and increasing over time with an estimated 44 000 overdiagnosed in men and 39 000 in women in 2018. A large proportion of overdiagnosed melanomas are in situ cancers, pointing to a potential focus for intervention.