bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative investigation of detector responses and measurement uncertainties in fast-neutron coincidence counting for nuclear material accountancy
Authors: Yoon Seonkwang , Lee Chaehun , Seo Hee , Kim Ho-Dong 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFast-neutron measurement with organic scintillators has been considered one of the alternative techniques to thermal neutron measurement based on He-3 proportional counters, due to their economic and measurement-uncertainty potential for nuclear material accountancy. Nevertheless, highly suppressed neutron detection efficiencies and nuclide-dependent features indicated in the fast system as well as the utilization of pulse-shape discrimination which necessitates a significant energy threshold could lead to challenges in terms of characterizing nuclear material samples. This work confirmed a reasonable similarity of simulated results to experimental results concerning the non-linear light-output function of proton recoils. Consequently, nuclide-dependent detector responses and measurement uncertainty were investigated with varying diverse measurement parameters (the number of detectors, measurement time, and sample quantity). Also, comparative studies were conducted for the ACP Safeguards Neutron Counter, a developed thermal system, and the Fission Informative Neutron-based ACcounting, the proposed fast system currently under development by Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, for passive non-destructive assay of special nuclear materials.
Pressure-induced disorder and nanosizing inhibits superconductivity in In2Te3
Authors: Zhen Jiapeng , Liu Ying , Dong Hongliang , Zhang Ziyou , Zhang Shihui , Wang Gui , Zhou Yan , Wan Shun , Chen Bin , Liu Guanjun 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The generation of disorder often gives rise to profound and irreversible physical phenomena. Here, we explore the influence of disorder on the superconducting properties of In2Te3 through comprehensive high-pressure investigations. Building upon previous findings, we investigated the progressive suppression of superconductivity in In2Te3 during the depressurization process: the increased disorder that ultimately leads to the complete disappearance of the superconducting state. Simultaneously, our high-pressure x-ray diffraction analysis reveals an irreversible structural phase transition. Furthermore, microstructure analysis using transmission electron microscopy clearly demonstrates both grain refinement and a substantial enhancement of disorder. These findings not only provide valuable insights into the mechanism by which disorder suppresses superconductivity, but also offer guidance for future advancements in the fabrication of atmospheric-pressure superconductors.
Ultrahigh-acetone-sensitivity sensor based on Pt-loaded TiO2 porous nanoparticles synthesized via a facile hydrothermal method
Authors: Ke Zhang , Hang Wei , Yunsheng Li , Wenrui Zhang , PengDang Zhu , Ruiyu Zhang 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
A simple hydrothermal method based on an orthogonal experimental design was used to synthesis Pt-loaded TiO2 mesoporous nanoparticles in one step. The successful synthesis of Pt-loaded TiO2 nanoparticles was demonstrated by various characterization methods. The effects of the modification of Pt and its explanation are described in detail by means of the test results. Through systematic gas-sensing tests, we found that the Pt-loaded TiO2 nanoparticles outperform pure TiO2 nanoparticles, with a high response value (S = 42.5) to 200 ppm acetone at 260 °C and with a film thickness of 0.45 mm, far superior to that of pure TiO2. The response time (8 s) and recovery time (11 s) of the material are also relatively good with excellent selectivity and long-term stability (30 days). The frequent use of acetone as an organic solution in factories and laboratories, as well as the possibility of making a preliminary diagnosis of diabetes by detecting acetone levels in exhaled gas, make this work promising for environmental monitoring and medical diagnosis.
Effect of the neutral beam injector operational regime on the Alfven eigenmode saturation phase in DIII-D plasma
Authors: Varela J , Spong D A , Garcia L , Ghai Y , Zarzoso D , del-Castillo-Negrete D , Betar H , Ortiz J , Pace D C , Van Zeeland M A , Du X , Sanchez R , Tribaldos V , Reynolds-Barredo J M 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of the neutral beam injector (NBI) operation regime on the saturation phase of the Alfven Eigenmodes (AEs) in DIII-D plasma. The analysis is done using the linear and nonlinear versions of the gyro-fluid code FAR3d. A set of parametric analyses are performed modifying the nonlinear simulation EP β (NBI injection power), EP energy (NBI voltage) and the radial location of the EP density profile gradient (NBI radial deposition). The analysis indicates a transition from the soft (local plasma relaxation) to the hard MHD (global plasma relaxation) limit if the simulation EP

β
⩾
0.02

, leading to bursting MHD activity caused by radial AEs overlapping. MHD bursts cause an enhancement of the EP transport showing ballistic-like features as avalanche-like events. Simulations in the soft MHD limit show an increment of the EP density gradient as the EP β increases. On the other hand, there is a gradient upper limit in the hard MHD limit, consistent with the critical-gradient behavior. AEs induce shear flows and zonal current leading to the deformation of the flux surfaces and the safety factor profile, respectively, particularly strong for the simulation in the hard MHD limit. Simulations in the hard MHD regime show a decrease of the AE frequency in the saturation phase; this is caused by the destabilization of a transitional mode between a

9

/

3
−
10

/

3

TAE and a

9

/

3

RSAE that may explain the AE frequency down-sweeping observed in some DIII-D discharges. Reducing the EP energy in the nonlinear simulations leads to a weakening of the plasma perturbation. On the other hand, increasing the EP energy causes the opposite effect. Nonlinear simulations of off-axis NBI profiles indicate a lower plasma perturbation as the EP density gradient is located further away from the magnetic axis.
Generalisation of fluctuation-dissipation theorem to systems with absorbing states
Authors: Padmanabha Prajwal , Azaele Sandro , Maritan Amos 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Systems that evolve towards a state from which they cannot depart are common in nature. But the fluctuation-dissipation theorem (FDT), a fundamental result in statistical mechanics, is mainly restricted to systems near-stationarity. In processes with absorbing states, the total probability decays with time, eventually reaching zero and rendering the predictions from the standard response theory invalid. In this article, we investigate how such processes respond to external perturbations and develop a new theory that extends the framework of the FDT. We apply our theory to two paradigmatic examples that span vastly different fields—a birth–death process in forest ecosystems and a targeted search on DNA by proteins. These systems can be affected by perturbations which increase their rate of extinction/absorption, even though the average or the variance of population sizes are left unmodified. These effects, which are not captured by the standard response theory, are exactly predicted by our framework. Our theoretical approach is general and applicable to any system with absorbing states. It can unveil important features of the path to extinction masked by standard approaches.
Floating dark matter in celestial bodies
Authors: Leane Rebecca K. , Smirnov Juri 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Dark matter (DM) can be captured in celestial bodies after scattering and losing sufficient energy to become gravitationally bound. We derive a general framework that describes the current DM distribution inside celestial objects, which self-consistently includes the effects of concentration diffusion, thermal diffusion, gravity, and capture accumulation. For DM with sufficient interactions, we show that a significant DM population can thermalize and sit towards the celestial-body surface. This surface-enhanced DM distribution allows for new phenomenology for DM searches in a wide range of celestial bodies, including the Sun, Earth, Jupiter, Brown Dwarfs, and Exoplanets.
Improvisational mistakes
Authors: Ravasio Matteo 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This paper discusses mistakes that occur in improvised musical performance. I first develop a couple of distinctions that are useful to understand the varied nature of such mistakes. Particularly, I think that it is important to distinguish mistakes that depend upon formal features of the music, and mistakes that are such in virtue of a failure of the performer’s intentions. Within this latter category, I argue that it is useful to distinguish between two different layers of performance intentions. Subsequently, I discuss the idea that, in improvised performance, mistakes are not merely tolerated but are, in some sense, valuable, showing how the distinction I develop can shed some light on these issues.
Discrepancies in Patient and Caregiver Ratings of Personality Change in Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias
Authors: Rhodes Emma , Mechanic-Hamilton Dawn , Phillips Jeffrey S , Bahena Alejandra , Vitali Nykko , Hlava Quinn , Cook Philip , Gee James , Grossman Murray , McMillan Corey , Massimo Lauren 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
Personality change in Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) is complicated by the patient and informant factors that confound accurate reporting of personality traits. We assessed the impact of caregiver burden on informant report of Big Five personality traits (extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness) and investigated the regional cortical volumes associated with larger discrepancies in the patient and informant report of the Big Five personality traits.

Method
Sixty-four ADRD participants with heterogeneous neurodegenerative clinical phenotypes and their informants completed the Big Five Inventory (BFI). Caregiver burden was measured using the Zarit Burden Interview. Discrepancy scores were computed as the difference between patient and informant ratings for the BFI. Regional gray matter volumes from T1-weighted 3T MRI were normalized to intracranial volume and related to global Big Five discrepancy scores using linear regression.

Results
Higher levels of caregiver burden were associated with higher informant ratings of patient neuroticism (ß = 0.08, p = .012) and with lower informant ratings of patient agreeableness (ß = 0.11, p = .021) and conscientiousness (ß = 0.04, p = .034) independent of disease severity. Patients with greater Big Five discrepancy scores showed smaller cortical volumes in the right medial prefrontal cortex (β = −5.24, p = .045) and right superior temporal gyrus (β = −7.91, p = .028).

Conclusions
Informant ratings of personality traits in ADRD can be confounded by the caregiver burden, highlighting the need for more objective measures of personality and behavior in dementia samples. Discrepancies between informant and patient ratings of personality may additionally reflect loss of insight secondary to cortical atrophy in the frontal and temporal structures.
Machine learning-derived cycle length variability metrics predict spontaneously terminating ventricular tachycardia in implantable cardioverter defibrillator recipients
Authors: Sau Arunashis , Ahmed Amar , Chen Jun Yu , Pastika Libor , Wright Ian , Li Xinyang , Handa Balvinder , Qureshi Norman , Koa-Wing Michael , Keene Daniel , Malcolme-Lawes Louisa , Varnava Amanda , Linton Nicholas W F , Lim Phang Boon , Lefroy David , Kanagaratnam Prapa , Peters Nicholas S , Whinnett Zachary , Ng Fu Siong 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Aims
Implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) therapies have been associated with increased mortality and should be minimized when safe to do so. We hypothesized that machine learning-derived ventricular tachycardia (VT) cycle length (CL) variability metrics could be used to discriminate between sustained and spontaneously terminating VT.

Methods and results
In this single-centre retrospective study, we analysed data from 69 VT episodes stored on ICDs from 27 patients (36 spontaneously terminating VT, 33 sustained VT). Several VT CL parameters including heart rate variability metrics were calculated. Additionally, a first order auto-regression model was fitted using the first 10 CLs. Using features derived from the first 10 CLs, a random forest classifier was used to predict VT termination. Sustained VT episodes had more stable CLs. Using data from the first 10 CLs only, there was greater CL variability in the spontaneously terminating episodes (mean of standard deviation of first 10 CLs: 20.1 ± 8.9 vs. 11.5 ± 7.8 ms, P &lt; 0.0001). The auto-regression coefficient was significantly greater in spontaneously terminating episodes (mean auto-regression coefficient 0.39 ± 0.32 vs. 0.14 ± 0.39, P &lt; 0.005). A random forest classifier with six features yielded an accuracy of 0.77 (95% confidence interval 0.67 to 0.87) for prediction of VT termination.

Conclusion
Ventricular tachycardia CL variability and instability are associated with spontaneously terminating VT and can be used to predict spontaneous VT termination. Given the harmful effects of unnecessary ICD shocks, this machine learning model could be incorporated into ICD algorithms to defer therapies for episodes of VT that are likely to self-terminate.
Fundamental Rights of Corporations as International Human Rights: The Perspective of Regional Economic Courts
Authors: Wiater Patricia 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The article deals with the question of whether and why international human rights law should protect corporations at the example of regional economic integration systems such as the European Union. For the European Court of Justice, granting human rights to corporations is the natural response to the key role that private companies play in the integration program. Regional human rights courts, in contrast, partly struggle to recognise corporations as human rights holders. The article critically examines the theoretical raison d’être of fundamental rights of corporations, granted in the framework of international human rights, and reflects on them on the basis of a Rule of Law-postulate.
Differential Roles of Oxytocin Receptors in the Prefrontal Cortex and Nucleus Accumbens on Cocaine Self-Administration and Reinstatement of Cued Cocaine Seeking in Male Rats
Authors: Penrod Rachel D , Taniguchi Makoto , Kearns Angela M , Hopkins Jordan L , Reichel Carmela M 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Little is known about the specific roles of cortical and accumbal oxytocin receptors in drug use disorders. To better understand the importance of the endogenous oxytocin system in cocaine relapse behavior, we developed an adeno-associated viral vector–expressing short hairpin (sh) RNAs to selectively degrade the rat oxytocin receptor (OxyR) mRNA in vivo.

Methods
Male (Sprague-Dawley) rats received bilateral infusions of the shRNA for the oxytocin receptor (shOxyR) or an shRNA control virus into the prefrontal cortex (PFC) or the nucleus accumbens core (NAc). Rats self-administered cocaine on an escalating FR ratio for 14 days, lever responding was extinguished, and rats were tested for cued and cocaine-primed reinstatement of drug seeking.

Results
OxyR knockdown in the PFC delayed the acquisition of lever pressing on an fixed ratio 1 schedule of reinforcement. All rats eventually acquired the same level of lever pressing and discrimination, and there were no differences in extinction. OxyR knockdown in the NAc had no effect during acquisition. In both the PFC and NAc, the shOxyR decreased cued reinstatement relative to shRNA control virus but was without effect during drug-primed reinstatement. OxyR knockdown in the PFC increased chamber activity during a social interaction task.

Conclusions
This study provides critical new information about how endogenous OxyRs function to affect drug seeking in response to different precipitators of relapse. The tool developed to knockdown OxyRs in rat could provide important new insights that aid development of oxytocin-based therapeutics to reduce return-to-use episodes in people with substance use disorder and other neuropsychiatric disorders.
When the Rich Get Richer: Class, Globalization, and the Sociotropic Determinants of Populism
Authors: Powers Kathleen E , Rathbun Brian C 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Globalization is frequently linked to populism in advanced industrial societies, yet scholars have found little evidence for a direct connection between citizens’ personal economic fortunes and populist beliefs. We draw on the sociotropic tradition to argue that beliefs about how the global economy differently affects groups in society link globalization to populism and its component elements—anti-elitism, people-centrism, and demand for popular sovereignty. Data from an original survey of US residents support our argument that beliefs about whether wealthy Americans have gained from globalization—the rich getting richer—correlate with populist attitudes. This pattern holds while adjusting for a broad range of pocketbook measures and the nativist attitudes associated with right-wing populism. Results from a pre-registered experiment further show that exposure to an article about globalization enriching Davos billionaires increases two of three populist beliefs, lending causal leverage to our empirical tests. Our results emphasize the class dynamics created by outside financial forces, rather than the effects on the country as a whole, suggesting that international relations (IR) scholars gain important insights by accounting for globalization’s uneven effects. Perceptions about globalization inform attitudes about politics in general, a layer deeper than foreign economic policy preferences.
Effects of lysophospholipids and multi-enzymes on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, intestinal health, and cecal microflora of male cherry valley ducks
Authors: Zhang Qianqian , Li Jian , Wang Jianping , Nie Kangkang , Luo Zheng , Xu Shengyu , Lin Yan , Feng Bin , Zhuo Yong , Hua Lun , Che Lianqiang 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Improvement of nutrient utilization to promote growth performance is always pursued in poultry. In this study, a total of 360 1-d-old male ducklings was randomly assigned to 3 treatments in terms of diet treatment groups. Three treatments were as follows: basal diet (Con group) or basal diet supplemented with 300 mg/kg multi-enzymes (ENZ group) or 500 mg/kg lysophospholipids (LPL group). On day 42, ducks were slaughtered for samplings. The results revealed that supplementary LPL improved the body weight (BW) at day 14 and average daily gain (ADG) during days 1 to 14 and improved the feed conversion rate (FCR) for the overall period (P &lt; 0.05) by improving nutrient utilization of dry matter and ether extract (P &lt; 0.05) compared with the Con group. Dietary ENZ improved the FCR from days 15-42 and 1-42, and nitrogen utilization (P &lt; 0.05) compared with the Con group. Jejunal villus height and villus height/crypt depth ratio were higher (P &lt; 0.05) in the LPL group and tended to be higher (P &lt; 0.1) in the ENZ group compared to the Con group. Supplementation with either LPL or ENZ reduced interleukin-1β concentration in jejunal mucus (P &lt; 0.05). Both LPL and ENZ enhanced serum total superoxide dismutase activity (P &lt; 0.05), whereas only supplementation with LPL elevated total antioxidant capacity (P &lt; 0.05). In terms of cecal microbiota, microbial richness tended to be reduced by LPL, with low observed-OTUs and Chao1 (0.05 &lt; P &lt; 0.1). Supplementation with ENZ led to higher abundances of cellulolytic bacteria such as Fibrobacterota, [Eubacterium]_xylanophilum_group, and Bifidobacterium. Overall, both LPL and ENZ improved FCR, which may be relevant to ameliorative intestinal health, overall antioxidant ability, and cecal microbiome.
The Folklore of Evolution in Andrew Lang’s Writings
Authors: McCullough Anna 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This article builds upon Bernard Lightman and Peter Bowler’s works on the non-Darwinian nature of Victorian evolution, arguing that while their arguments helpfully reorient our understanding of evolution’s historiography, they underestimate the diversity of evolutionary theory in the Victorian era. Victorian evolution was highly idiosyncratic, as each individual (scientist, author, or reader) interpreted evolution according to his or her own preconceptions, resulting in a myriad of evolutionary theories. To illustrate this diversity, this article examines the work of Andrew Lang, a prolific late-nineteenth-century journalist, anthropologist, and fairy-tale enthusiast. I focus on two of his largely unstudied works to demonstrate how he exposed and critiqued Victorian assumptions about evolution and the origins of the theory. The first work, ‘Higgins, the Inventor of Evolution’ (1897), uses satire to reveal that evolution’s theoretical history was often overlooked in the nineteenth century. The second, The Princess Nobody (1884), is a children’s fairy tale that exemplifies how fairy-tale tropes can help modern readers grasp evolutionary ideas. Significantly, both works recycle older texts that also address evolutionary questions, making Lang a participant in a folkloric tradition of interpreting and critiquing evolutionary theory. Lang viewed evolutionary theory as similar to a mythic story that is told and reinterpreted through the generations. His writing demonstrates that the origins of evolutionary theory are ambiguous, and that traditional fairy tales convey ideas about human origins and kinship with animals that predate Darwin’s studies.
Synergistic induction of phytoalexins in Nicotiana attenuata by jasmonate and ethylene signaling mediated by NaWRKY70
Authors: Song Na , Wu Jinsong 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Production of the phytoalexins scopoletin and scopolin is regulated by jasmonate (JA) and ethylene signaling in Nicotiana species in response to Alternaria alternata, the necrotrophic fungal pathogen that causes brown spot disease. However, how these two signaling pathways are coordinated to control this process remains unclear. In this study, we found that the levels of these two phytoalexins and transcripts of their key enzyme gene, feruloyl-CoA 6ʹ-hydroxylase 1 (NaF6ʹH1), were synergistically induced in Nicotiana attenuata by co-treatment with methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and ethephon. By combination of RNA sequencing and virus-induced gene silencing, we identified a WRKY transcription factor, NaWRKY70, which had a similar expression pattern to NaF6ʹH1 and was responsible for A. alternata-induced NaF6ʹH1 expression. Further evidence from stable transformed plants with RNA interference, knock out and overexpression of NaWRKY70 demonstrated that it is a key player in the synergistic induction of phytoalexins and plant resistance to A. alternata. Electrophoretic mobility shift, chromatin immunoprecipitation–quantitative PCR, and dual-luciferase assays revealed that NaWRKY70 can bind directly to the NaF6ʹH1 promoter and activate its expression. Furthermore, the key regulator of the ethylene pathway, NaEIN3-like1, can directly bind to the NaWRKY70 promoter and activate its expression. Meanwhile, NaMYC2s, important JA pathway transcription factors, also indirectly regulate the expression of NaWRKY70 and NaF6ʹH1 to control scopoletin and scopolin production. Our data reveal that these phytoalexins are synergistically induced by JA and ethylene signaling during A. alternata infection, which is largely mediated by NaWRKY70, thus providing new insights into the defense responses against A. alternata in Nicotiana species.