bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in mechanism and transition state structure for solvolysis reactions of ring substituted benzyl chlorides in aqueous solution
Authors: Yeary Paul E. , Richard John P. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRate and product data are reported for the solvolysis reactions of 27 mono, di [3,4] and tri [3,4,5] ring‐substituted benzyl chlorides. The first order rate constant for solvolysis in 20% acetonitrile in water decrease from ksolv = 2.2 s−1 for 4‐methoxybenzyl chloride to 1.1 × 10−8 s−1 for 3,4‐dinitrobenzyl chloride. The product rate constant ratios kMeOH/kTFE for solvolysis in 70/27/3 (v/v/v) HOH/TFE/MeOH range from a minimum of kMeOH/kTFE = 8 to a maximum of 110. The rate data were fit to a four‐parameter Hammett equation that separates the resonance (
) and polar (
) effects of the aromatic ring substituents on the reaction rate. Increases in the values of the Hammett reaction constants
and
are observed as the substituent constants
or
are increased. A sharp decrease in the product selectivity kMeOH/kTFE = 26 for stepwise solvolysis of 4‐methoxybenzyl chloride is observed as electron‐withdrawing meta‐substituents are added to 4‐methoxybenzyl ring due to a Hammond‐effect on the position of the transition state for solvent addition to the substituted 4‐methoxybenzyl carbocation reaction intermediates. Sharp increases in the selectivity kMeOH/kTFE are observed with decreasing reactivity of other 3,4,5‐subsituted benzyl chlorides due to anti‐Hammond shifts, on a two‐dimensional More–O'Ferrall reaction coordinate diagram, in the position of the transition state for a concerted solvolysis reaction.
Me, myself, and I: A systematic review of cystic fibrosis and self‐concept
Authors: Harrigan Maggie , Jessup Melanie , Bennett Kellie , Mulrennan Siobhain 
Published: February 2024

AbstractGiven extensive pertinent disease factors and evolving medical treatments, this systematic review explores qualitative and quantitative cystic fibrosis (CF) research surrounding self‐concept, an overarching perception of self. Research methodologies, self‐concept dimensions, prominent self‐concept findings and clinical recommendations are identified. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐analyses guidelines were applied. PubMed, Scopus, Medline, Psycinfo, CINAHL (ebsco), and CENTRAL Cochrane electronic databases were searched from 2012 to 2022. Methodological quality was assessed using the critical appraisal skills program. Data‐based convergent synthesis was applied to analyze and report on qualitative and quantitative studies in parallel. Thirty‐seven publications met the inclusion criteria, most of which employed a cross‐sectional, single‐center design within an adolescent and adult population. Self‐efficacy, self‐esteem, and self‐identity studies were dimensions of self‐concept identified, with studies relating to self‐efficacy surrounding physical health management most prevalent. All three dimensions were positively associated with improved treatment adherence and psychosocial health. Efficacy tested intervention programs to enhance self‐concept are limited; however, an extensive range of clinical recommendations are offered, highlighting the importance of clinician self‐concept awareness, quality clinician–patient conversations and online CF peer‐support. Self‐concept is an important mechanism to optimize patient outcomes. Further CF self‐concept research is required, particularly multicenter, longitudinal, and interventional studies. Early childhood, post lung transplant and the older adult CF population in particular, lack research attention. Given the potential impact of rapidly evolving CF transmembrane conductance regulator modulator drugs on many aspects of self, future self‐concept research beyond the dimension of self‐efficacy may be beneficial.
Isolation and identification of forced degradation products of Febuxostat
Authors: Kanagaddi Rajesh , Chintala Vaishnavi , Nannapaneni Satya Sree , Katari Naresh Kumar , Salakolusu Suresh , Murty JNSRC , Ranga Mahesh , Kaliyaperumal Muralidharan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe current study explains the degradation behavior of Febuxostat API, a non‐purine xanthine oxidase inhibitor used to treat hyperuricemia. A degradation study was carried out as per the International Council for Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) guidelines, and the study confirms that the Febuxostat is largely stable in thermal, photolytic, oxidative, and basic hydrolytic conditions and labile in acid hydrolysis conditions. There were four different degradation products (DPs) found during acid hydrolysis; of these, DPs 2, 3, and 4 are new and have never been reported before, while DP 1 is known and has already been published. All these DPs were identified using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐MS) analysis, purified by using preparative HPLC, and characterized using high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy techniques. The formed DPs are by the hydrolysis of the cyano functional group of Febuxostat and the esterification of DP‐1 under acidic conditions. All DP's structural characterization was carried out using NMR spectroscopy and HRMS. The present study describes concrete confirmation of DP structures and it explains the stability behavior of the Febuxostat. The current method is also used to identify DPs with shorter runtime in the future.
Quality Improvement of Pea Protein Isolate‐Based Film: Effect of Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose on Film
Authors: Jiang Peiyun , Chen Guiyun , Xu Shunying , Yu Jiaojiao , Qu Zihan , Li Shuhong , Chen Ye 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is cross‐linked with pea protein isolate (PPI) to prepare pea protein isolate/sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (PPI/CMC) composite film by the diffusion method. The effects of the mass fraction of CMC on the mechanical properties and water resistance of PPI/CMC composite film are investigated. In the film containing 0.4% CMC, the water vapor permeability (1.43 × 10−7 g m (m2∙h∙Pa)−1) is significantly decreased, while the water contact angle value is elevated (55.76°). The tensile strength of the composite film is enhanced by 54.45%, while the elongation at break is increased by 23.30%. The film has excellent thermal stability and a homogenous structure. The remarkable changes may be attributed to new chemical interactions (hydrogen bonds) between CMC and PPI as revealed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Further, the composite film has great advantages in water resistance after comparison. The film is applied to the fresh bean skin, effectively blocking and reducing the tearing force between the fresh bean skin, and consequently easy separation after soaking in water for 20 min. Overall, the inclusion of CMC effectively solves the functional limitation caused by the hydrophilicity of PPI film, paving the way for its effective application as a novel edible packaging film in conventional foods.
Winter game crop plots for gamebirds retain hedgerow breeding songbirds in an improved grassland landscape
Authors: Sage Rufus , Woodburn Maureen , McCready Sam , Coomes Jenny 
Published: February 2024

The cause of recent population declines in some farmland/hedgerow breeding bird species in the UK is related to a lack of cover and food resources in winter. In improved grassland areas some of those declines have been particularly acute and some have been shown to be related to the availability of grass and weed seed in winter. The provision of seed‐bearing crops as part of AES options has been shown to benefit some of these birds. Game crop plots sown on shooting estates for holding and driving gamebirds in autumn and winter have been shown to hold relatively high densities of farmland and wood‐edge birds during the winter.We studied breeding songbirds in hedges in a primarily improved grassland area in the SW of England where there are some large shooting estates that sow relatively large game crop plots (1–5 ha) in the landscape. In this study we found that otherwise similar hedges in terms of size and density near to those winter game crop plots, had between 1.5 and 2 times as many breeding resident songbirds per unit length the following spring compared to hedges further away from game crop plots. This was despite game management in these plots being wound down during February and in many cases, the crops themselves being removed by mid‐March. Hedges within approximately 350 m from game crop plots had more breeding birds. We discuss possible mechanisms and suggest that some passerines preferentially establish breeding territories in hedges near to game crops in late winter. We suggest how to distribute game crop plots to maximise any benefit in an improved grassland landscape.
From Universal Rats to Future Jungle Foci: Actors and Places of Plague in Brazil (1899–1940s)
Authors: Silva Matheus Alves Duarte da 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines the history of plague in Brazil and its internalization in the country in the first half of the twentieth century, paying equal attention to global dynamics of plague studies and how Brazil interacted with them. Firstly, the chapter discusses plague as a problem located in the Brazilian ports and how Brazil took part in a global war against the rats. The chapter then discusses the internalization of plague in different rural and wild settings around the world and the emergence of the idea of sylvatic plague—the plague among wild rodents living in desertic environments. The chapter moves back to Brazil in the 1930s, when plague became a rural disease in the North-East of the country, examining important studies on the role of rats and wild rodents spreading the disease there. Finally, the chapter explores the growing fears in the 1940s that the plague could invade the Amazon and other rainforest regions. The chapter argues that during most of these fifty years, plague was framed in Brazil as a global scourge because its main spreaders, domestic rats, were seen as a universal menace present in every port and rural area of the world. It was only at the end of the period examined in the chapter that it gained a tropical dimension in Brazil, when the idea of sylvatic plague started to be understood as jungle plague, which constituted an original reinterpretation of the concept.
Improving the performance of weak supervision searches using transfer and meta-learning
Authors: Beauchesne Hugues , Chen Zong-En , Chiang Cheng-Wei 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Weak supervision searches have in principle the advantages of both being able to train on experimental data and being able to learn distinctive signal properties. However, the practical applicability of such searches is limited by the fact that successfully training a neural network via weak supervision can require a large amount of signal. In this work, we seek to create neural networks that can learn from less experimental signal by using transfer and meta-learning. The general idea is to first train a neural network on simulations, thereby learning concepts that can be reused or becoming a more efficient learner. The neural network would then be trained on experimental data and should require less signal because of its previous training. We find that transfer and meta-learning can substantially improve the performance of weak supervision searches.
Full three-loop renormalisation of an abelian chiral gauge theory with non-anticommuting γ5 in the BMHV scheme
Authors: Stöckinger Dominik , Weißwange Matthias 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In this work we present a complete three-loop renormalisation of an abelian chiral gauge theory within the Breitenlohner-Maison/’t Hooft-Veltman (BMHV) scheme of dimensional regularisation (DReg). In this scheme the γ5-matrix appearing in gauge interactions is a non-anticommuting object, leading to a breaking of gauge and BRST invariance. Employing an efficient method based on the quantum action principle, we obtain the complete three-loop counterterm action which serves both to render the theory finite and to restore gauge and BRST invariance. The UV singular counterterms involve not only higher order ϵ-poles but also new counterterm structures emerging at the three-loop level for the first time; the finite symmetry-restoring counterterms are restricted to the same structures as at lower loop orders, just with different coefficients, aligning with our expectations. Both the singular and the finite counterterms include structures which cannot be obtained by the standard multiplicative renormalisation. Our results demonstrate that a rigorous treatment of chiral gauge theories with γ5 defined in the BMHV scheme at the multi-loop level is possible and that the obtained counterterm action is suitable for computer implementations, allowing automated calculations without ambiguities caused by γ5.
Hyperlipidaemia in diabetes: are there particular considerations for next-generation therapies?
Authors: Béliard Sophie , Mourre Florian , Valéro René 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDyslipidaemias are major cardiovascular risk factors, especially in people with diabetes. In this area, next-generation therapies targeting circulating lipoparticle metabolism (LDL, VLDL, chylomicrons, HDL) have recently been approved by the European and US medical agencies, including anti- proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9 (PCSK9) antibodies; an siRNA targeting PCSK9; bempedoic acid, which targets ATP citrate lyase; an antisense oligonucleotide targeting apolipoprotein C-III; an anti-angiopoietin-like 3 antibody; and a purified omega-3 fatty acid, icosapent ethyl. Other therapies are in different phases of development. There are several important considerations concerning the link between these new lipid-lowering therapies and diabetes. First, since concerns were first raised in 2008 about an increased risk of new-onset diabetes mellitus (NODM) with intensive statin treatment, each new lipid-lowering therapy is being evaluated for its associated risk of NODM, particularly in individuals with prediabetes (impaired fasting glucose and/or impaired glucose tolerance). Second, people with diabetes represent a large proportion of those at high or very high cardiovascular risk in whom these lipid-lowering drugs are currently, or will be, prescribed. Thus, the efficacy of these drugs in subgroups with diabetes should also be closely considered, as well as any potential effects on glycaemic control. In this review, we describe the efficacy of next-generation therapies targeting lipoprotein metabolism in subgroups of people with diabetes and their effects on glycaemic control in individuals with diabetes and prediabetes and in normoglycaemic individuals.
Graphical Abstract
Cold formability of friction stir processed 5754-H111 and 6082-T6 aluminum alloys: an experimental and numerical study
Authors: Silvestri Alessia Teresa , Parodo Gianluca , Napolitano Francesco , El Hassanin Andrea , Scherillo Fabio , Sorrentino Luca , Squillace Antonino 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAluminum has become increasingly important in the automotive sector due to its ability to reduce vehicle weight without compromising structural performance. However, joining different types of aluminum alloys can be challenging due to their different thermal and mechanical characteristics. Concurrently, friction stir processing (FSP) is a material processing technique that has garnered considerable attention for its versatility and industrial applicability, and it may represent a preliminary phase to correctly perform friction stir welding, which is a welding technology used to join different types of aluminum alloys. In this context, this study presents an extensive experimental campaign of FSP performed on 5754-H111 and 6082-T6 alloys, varying two rolling directions and four welding speeds. The processed materials were characterized, including cupping and tensile tests, microstructure analysis, and a correlation between welding parameters, microstructure, and mechanical resistance. In addition, a numerical method was proposed to simulate the Erichsen tests and predict the formability of the materials, before and after the FSP processes. The results showed that both alloys exhibited good formability after the FSP process, but with different behavior. AA6082 underwent internal decohesion and dynamic recrystallization, resulting in the absence of defects and an increase in ductility and cold formability. AA5754 experiences more difficulty with material flow during FSP and showed the presence of tunnel defects in all analyzed process conditions. However, the alloy 5754 did not undergo softening and had comparable mechanical behavior and cold formability to the base material. These results were validated by the numerical method proposed.
Hybrid convolutional neural network and multilayer perceptron vision transformer model for wheat species classification task: E-ResMLP+
Authors: Dönmez Emrah 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWheat plant is one of the most basic food sources for the whole world. There are many species of wheat that differ according to the conditions of the region where they are grown. In this context, wheat species can exhibit different characteristics. Issues such as resistance to geographical conditions and productivity are at the forefront in this plant as in all other plants. The wheat species should be correctly distinguished for correct agricultural practice. In this study, a hybrid model based on the Vision Transformer (VT) approach and the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model was developed to classify wheat species. For this purpose, ResMLP architecture was modified and the EfficientNetV2b0 model was fine-tuned and improved. A hybrid transformer model has been developed by combining these two methods. As a result of the experiments, the overall accuracy performance has been determined as 98.33%. The potential power of the proposed method for computer-aided agricultural analysis systems is demonstrated.
Effects of autophagy-inhibiting chemicals on sialylation of Fc-fusion glycoprotein in recombinant CHO cells
Authors: Lee Hoon-Min , Park Jong-Ho , Kim Tae-Ho , Kim Hyun-Seung , Kim Dae Eung , Lee Mi Kyeong , You Jungmok , Lee Gyun Min , Kim Yeon-Gu 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The occurrence of autophagy in recombinant Chinese hamster ovary (rCHO) cell culture has attracted attention due to its effects on therapeutic protein production. Given the significance of glycosylation in therapeutic proteins, this study examined the effects of autophagy-inhibiting chemicals on sialylation of Fc-fusion glycoproteins in rCHO cells. Three chemical autophagy inhibitors known to inhibit different stages were separately treated with two rCHO cell lines that produce the same Fc-fusion glycoprotein derived from DUKX-B11 and DG44. All autophagy inhibitors significantly decreased the sialylation of Fc-fusion glycoprotein in both cell lines. The decrease in sialylation of Fc-fusion glycoprotein is unlikely to be attributed to the release of intracellular enzymes, given the high cell viability and low activity of extracellular sialidases. Interestingly, the five intracellular nucleotide sugars remained abundant in cells treated with autophagy inhibitors. In the mRNA expression profiles of 27 N-glycosylation-related genes using the NanoString nCounter system, no significant differences in gene expression were noted. With the positive effect of supplementing nucleotide sugar precursors on sialylation, attempts were made to enhance the levels of intracellular nucleotide sugars by supplying these precursors. The addition of nucleotide sugar precursors to cultures treated with inhibitors successfully enhanced the sialylation of Fc-fusion glycoproteins compared to the control culture. This was particularly evident under mild stress conditions and not under relatively severe stress conditions, which were characterized by a high decrease in sialylation. These results suggest that inhibiting autophagy in rCHO cell culture decreases sialylation of Fc-fusion glycoprotein by constraining the availability of intracellular nucleotide sugars.

Key points
• The autophagy inhibition in rCHO cell culture leads to a significant reduction in the sialylation of Fc-fusion glycoprotein.
• The pool of five intracellular nucleotide sugars remained highly abundant in cells treated with autophagy inhibitors.
• Supplementation of nucleotide sugar precursors effectively restores decreased sialylation, particularly under mild stress conditions but not in relatively severe stress conditions.

Graphical Abstract
Myeloid sarcoma with RBM15::MRTFA (MKL1) mimicking vascular neoplasm
Authors: Gündoğdu Fatma , Agaimy Abbas , Aytaç Selin , Hazar Volkan , Üner Ayşegül , Kösemehmetoğlu Kemal 
Published: February 2024

AbstractExtramedullary involvement of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), aka myeloid sarcoma, is a rare phenomenon in acute megakaryoblastic leukemia with RBM15:: MRTFA(MKL1) fusion, which might mimic non-hematologic malignancies. A 7-month-old infant presented with leukocytosis, hepatosplenomegaly, multiple lymphadenopathies, and a solid mass in the right thigh. Initially, the patient was diagnosed with a malignant vascular tumor regarding the expression of vascular markers from the biopsy of the right thigh lesion that was performed after the inconclusive bone marrow biopsy. The second bone marrow biopsy, which was performed due to the partial response to sarcoma treatment, showed hypercellular bone marrow with CD34 and CD61-positive spindle cell infiltration and > 20% basophilic blasts with cytoplasmic blebs. RNA sequencing of soft tissue biopsy revealed the presence of RBM15::MRTFA(MKL1) fusion. Based on these findings, myeloid sarcoma/AML with RBM15::MRTFA(MKL1) fusion diagnosis was made. AML with RBM15::MRTFA(MKL1) fusion can initially present as extramedullary lesions and might cause misdiagnosis of non-hematologic malignancies.
Readmission after enhanced recovery video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery wedge resection
Authors: Huang Lin , Kehlet Henrik , Petersen René Horsleben 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Despite the implementation of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) programs, surgical stress continues to influence postoperative rehabilitation, including the period after discharge. However, there is a lack of data available beyond the point of discharge following video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) wedge resection. Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate incidence and risk factors for readmissions after ERAS VATS wedge resection.

Methods
A retrospective analysis was performed on data from prospectively collected consecutive VATS wedge resections from June 2019 to June 2022. We evaluated main reasons related to wedge resection leading to 90-day readmission, early (occurring within 0–30 days postoperatively) and late readmission (occurring within 31–90 days postoperatively). To identify predictors for these readmissions, we utilized a logistic regression model for both univariable and multivariable analyses.

Results
A total of 850 patients (non-small cell lung cancer 21.5%, metastasis 44.7%, benign 31.9%, and other lung cancers 1.9%) were included for the final analysis. Median length of stay was 1 day (IQR 1–2). During the postoperative 90 days, 86 patients (10.1%) were readmitted mostly due to pneumonia and pneumothorax. Among the cohort, 66 patients (7.8%) had early readmissions primarily due to pneumothorax and pneumonia, while 27 patients (3.2%) experienced late readmissions mainly due to pneumonia, with 7 (0.8%) patients experiencing both early and late readmissions. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that male gender, pulmonary complications, and neurological complications were associated with readmission.

Conclusions
Readmission after VATS wedge resection remains significant despite an optimal ERAS program, with pneumonia and pneumothorax as the dominant reasons. Early readmission was primarily associated with pneumothorax and pneumonia, while late readmission correlated mainly with pneumonia.