bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Murine Parainfluenza Virus Persists in Lung Innate Immune Cells Sustaining Chronic Lung Pathology
Authors: Castro Ítalo Araujo , Yang Yanling , Gnazzo Victoria , Kim Do-Hyun , Van Dyken Steven J. , López Carolina B. 
Published: November 2023

SummaryRespiratory viruses including the human parainfluenza viruses (hPIVs) are a constant burden to human health, with morbidity and mortality frequently increased after the acute phase of the infection. Although is proven that respiratory viruses can persistin vitro, the mechanisms of virus or viral products persistence, their sources, and their impact on chronic respiratory diseasesin vivoare unknown. Here, we used Sendai virus (SeV) to model hPIV infection in mice and test whether virus persistence associates with the development of chronic lung disease. Following SeV infection, virus products were detected in lung macrophages, type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) and dendritic cells for several weeks after the infectious virus was cleared. Cells containing viral protein showed strong upregulation of antiviral and type 2 inflammation-related genes that associate with the development of chronic post-viral lung diseases, including asthma. Lineage tracing of infected cells or cells derived from infected cells suggests that distinct functional groups of cells contribute to the chronic pathology. Importantly, targeted ablation of infected cells or those derived from infected cells significantly ameliorated chronic lung disease. Overall, we identified persistent infection of innate immune cells as a critical factor in the progression from acute to chronic post viral respiratory disease.
On the role of prefrontal and parietal cortices in mind wandering and dynamic thought
Authors: Rasmussen Tara , Filmer Hannah , Dux Paul E. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMind wandering is a common phenomenon in our daily lives and can have both an adaptive and detrimental impact. Recently, a dynamic framework has been proposed to characterise the heterogeneity of internal thoughts, suggesting there are three distinct thought types which can change over time –freely moving,deliberately constrained, andautomatically constrained(thoughts). There is very little evidence on how different types of dynamic thought map onto the brain. Previous research has applied non-invasive transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to causally implicate the prefrontal cortex and inferior parietal lobule in general mind wandering. However, a more recently developed and nuanced technique, high-definition tDCS (HD-tDCS), delivers more focal stimulation able to target specific brain regions. Therefore, the current study investigated the effect of anodal HD-tDCS applied to the left prefrontal and right inferior parietal cortices (with the occipital cortex included as an active control) on mind wandering, and specifically, the causal neural substrates of the three internal dynamic thought types. This was a single session study using a novel task which allows investigation into how dynamic thoughts are associated with behavioural variability and the recruitment of executive control operations across the three brain regions. Anodal stimulation to the prefrontal cortex decreased freely moving thought and anodal stimulation to the parietal lobule decreased deliberately constrained thought, with preliminary evidence for an increase in freely moving thought in the occipital cortex as well. These findings support the heterogenous nature of mind wandering, revealing that different brain regions are implicated in distinct dynamic thought types.
Interplay of Low Serum Irisin Level and Insulin Resistance in Obese Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Patients: Potential Biomarker for Pre-clinical Risk Assessment and therapeutic intervention
Authors: Verma Kritika , Rajput Yogita , Kishore Ruchi , Patel Pratibha , Shrivastava Ankika , Rath Devpriya , Pal Jagannath , Nagaria Tripti 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionPolycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is the most frequent endocrine syndrome in women of the reproductive age groupassociated with metabolic syndrome and TypeIIDiabetesMalitus (TIIDM). Purpose of the study was to evaluate if level of serum irisin which is involved in energy metabolism could be used as biomarker for identifying high risk category for pre-clinical detection of diabetes in PCOS.MethodsTotal 27 obese PCOS, 27 non-obese PCOS, and 27 healthy control (HC: 11 obese and 16 non-obese) study subjects between the age group 15-30 years were recruited in the study. Obese and non-obese category was divided based on BMI. Serum irisin, fasting insulin, fasting glucose and other reproductive hormonal profiles were estimated. Cut offs for serum irisin and insulin level were determined based on levels in healthy control.ResultNone of the subject was diagnosed having diabetes at the time of sampling. Both obese and non-obese PCOS showed non-significant lower irisin level than corresponding healthy control (42.27±31.38 vs 51.56±22.7,P=0.4 and 34.89±21.58 vs 40.90±16.444,P=0.4 respectively). However only obese PCOS showed statistically significant association with lower irisin level when median value of the corresponding healthy control was used as cut off (81.5% vs 45%,P=0.047* and 70.3% vs 50%,P=0.21 in PCOS vs HC of obese and non-obese group respectively). Segregating PCOS subjects into two category either normal or below the lower limit of normal serum irisin level(mean-1.64*z of corresponding HC), 100% of obese PCOS subjects having irisin below the lower normal limit showed insulin resistance (>mean+2SD of non obese HC) while the same in obese PCOS subjects having irisin level above the lower limit was only 20% (P=0.006). However no such association was observed in non-obese PCOS subjects when similarly categorized based on irisin level (33% vs 22% respectively,P= 1).ConclusionThe result suggests that obese PCOS with serum irisin level below lower limit of normal range could be segregated as high risk category for closely follow up to detect incidence of diabetes in early time point or taking any preventive measure in early stage. A prospective study with larger sample size is required to substantiate the observation of the pilot study.
A Systematic Review of the Attitude, Beliefs, and Acceptance of COVID-19 Vaccine in the Western and Eastern Hemisphere
Authors: Kumari Roopa , Luhana Sindhu , Parkash Om , Sadarat FNU , Chander Subhash 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe availability of an effective vaccine does not equate to its use; its effectiveness primarily depends on vaccine acceptance by the targeted population. Despite the rapid development and widespread access to the COVID-19 vaccine, herd immunity is yet to be achieved, with vaccine hesitancy as a major barrier. This study sought to systematically assess the beliefs, attitudes, and acceptance towards COVID-19 vaccines, including factors contributing to vaccination hesitancy in the Eastern and Western hemispheres.MethodsA comprehensive search of articles was conducted through Scopus, PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Web of Science databases for studies published from inception to May 2023 using the PRISMA guidelines.ResultsOur search yielded 1154, of which 21 were eligible for inclusion. The rate of willingness or intention to vaccinate varied with the geographic region, from 12% in the USA to 93.9% in China. Four studies from the Western and two from Eastern regions reported a low acceptance rate (defined as <50%): USA (12%), Spain (48.3%), Switzerland (38.6%), Europe (multi-national, 31%), Nepal (38.3%), and Oman (43%). Overall, vaccine acceptance was low-to-moderate in the general population and healthcare workers (HCWs) in both Eastern and Western hemispheres except for China which reported high acceptance (defined as >75%) among the general population and HCWs. Demographic characteristics (female, younger age, and higher education) and non-demographic factors (knowledge about the COVID-19 vaccine and its development, history of influenza vaccination, perceived susceptibility or severity of infection, and the belief that vaccines are effective in controlling the pandemic were associate with high acceptance rates or intentions to take the COVID-19 vaccine. On the other hand, mistrust of the vaccine, its safety and effectiveness, disinformation or poor awareness of the vaccine, side effects concerns, belief in natural immunity, previous adverse experience with the vaccines, and distrust in the information sources about the COVID-19 pandemic were associated with vaccination hesitancy.ConclusionFor better acceptance, COVID-19 vaccination campaign strategies should be modeled based on regional political, economic, and social contexts.HighlightsThe willingness to accept COVID-19 vaccines was low-to-moderate in both hemispheres.Healthcare workers were as willing to vaccinate as the general population.Vaccine hesitancy was associated with demographic and vaccine-specific factors.
Enteric Populations ofEscherichia coliare Likely to be Resistant to Phages Due to O Antigen Expression
Authors: Berryhill Brandon A. , Burke Kylie B. , Fontaine Jake , Brink Catherine E. , Harvill Mason G. , Goldberg David A. , Konstantinidis Konstantinos T. , Levin Bruce R. , Woodworth Michael H. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThere is a surfeit of bioinformatic data showing that bacteriophages abound in the enteric microbiomes of humans. What is the contribution of these viruses in shaping the bacterial strain and species composition of the gut microbiome and how are these phages maintained over time? To address these questions, we performed experiments withEscherichia coliand phages isolated from four fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) doses as representative samples of non-dysbiotic enteric microbiota and develop and analyze the properties of a mathematical model of the population and evolutionary dynamics of bacteria and phage. Our models predict and experiments confirm that due to production of the O antigen,E. coliin the enteric microbiome are likely to be resistant to infection with co-occurring phages. Furthermore, our modeling suggests that the phages can be maintained in the population due to the high rates of host transition between resistant and sensitive states, which we call leaky resistance. Based on our observations and model predictions, we postulate that the phages found in the human gut are likely to play little role in shaping the composition ofE. coliat the strain level in the enteric microbiome in healthy individuals. How general this is for other species of bacteria in the enteric flora is not yet clear, although O antigen expression is common across many taxa.ImportanceBioinformatic data shows that bacteriophages are ubiquitous in the gut, however little is known about the role these bacterial viruses play in shaping the bacterial species and strain composition in the human gut microbiome or how they are maintained over time in this dynamic environment. Here we show thatEscherichia coliisolated from fecal samples are likely to be resistant to their co-existing phages due to production of the O antigen. Based on these results, we postulate that bacteriophages are likely playing little role of shaping the abundance and diversity of bacteria in the human gut microbiome in healthy individuals.
The feasibility of transparent solar panels for high-rise building façade in Sri Lanka
Authors: Sathkumara Thisara Manupriya , Waidyasekara Anuradha Samarajeewa , Victar Hasith Chathuranga 
Published: November 2023

Purpose
The use of renewable energy has become necessary because of the harmful effects of current energy sources on the environment, limited availability and financial crisis. Transparent solar panels have emerged as a promising technology for integrating renewable energy generation into building structures. Therefore, this paper aims to explore the feasibility of transparent solar panels for high-rise building façades in Sri Lanka.

Design/methodology/approach
The research apprehended a qualitative approach, including two expert interview rounds adhering to the Delphi technique with 17 and 15 experts each per round. Manual content analysis was incorporated to analyse the collected data.

Findings
Regarding operation and maintenance, the study emphasizes the importance of regular inspection, cleaning and repair of transparent solar panels to ensure optimal performance and longevity. These activities contribute to maximizing energy generation and maintaining the aesthetic appeal of the building. The benefits of implementing transparent solar panels on building façades are manifold. They include renewable energy generation, reduced greenhouse gas emissions, improved energy efficiency and enhanced architectural aesthetics. Furthermore, the research findings underscore the potential of transparent solar panels to contribute to Sri Lanka’s sustainable development goals and address the country’s increasing energy demand. However, the study also identifies challenges that need to be addressed for successful implementation.

Originality/value
This study contributes to understanding the feasibility of transparent solar panels for high-rise building façades in Sri Lanka. The research findings offer valuable insights into the operation and maintenance aspects, benefits, challenges and strategies for implementing transparent solar panels effectively. This knowledge can guide policymakers, architects and developers in making informed decisions regarding the integration of transparent solar panels, thereby promoting sustainable and energy-efficient building practices in Sri Lanka.
Intra‐individual comparison of prostate‐specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography/computed tomography versus bone scan in detecting skeletal metastasis at prostate cancer diagnosis
Authors: Shanmugasundaram Ramesh , Saad Jeremy , Heyworth Ash , Wong Veronica , Pelecanos Anita , Arianayagam Mohan , Canagasingham Bertram , Ferguson Richard , Goolam Ahmed Saeed , Khadra Mohamed , Kam Jonathan , Ko Raymond , McCombie Stephen , Varol Celi , Winter Matthew , Mansberg Robert , Nguyen Diep , Bui Chuong , Loh Han , Le Ken , Roberts Matthew J. 
Published: November 2023

ObjectivesTo compare the diagnostic performance and radiological staging impact of 68Ga‐prostate‐specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PSMA PET/CT) compared to 99Tc whole‐body bone scan (WBBS) for the detection of skeletal metastasis in the primary staging of prostate cancer (PCa).Patients and MethodsA prospective institutional database was retrospectively examined for patients who underwent both PSMA PET and WBBS within a 1 week interval for PCa primary staging. Lesions were categorised as ‘negative’, ‘equivocal’, or ‘definite’ based on nuclear medicine physician interpretation. Metastatic burden was characterised for each imaging modality according to three groups: (i) local disease (no skeletal metastases), (ii) oligometastatic disease (three or fewer skeletal metastases), or (iii) polymetastatic disease (more than three skeletal metastases).ResultsThere were 667 patients included. The median (interquartile range) prostate‐specific antigen level was 9.2 (6.2–16) ng/mL and 60% of patients were high risk according to a modified D'Amico risk classification. The overall distribution of skeletal metastasis detection changed across the two scans overall (P = 0.003), being maintained within high‐risk (P = 0.030) and low‐risk (P = 0.018) groups. PSMA PET/CT identified more definite skeletal metastases compared to WBBS overall (10.3% vs 7.3%), and according to risk grouping (high: 12% vs 9%, intermediate: 4% vs 1%). Upstaging was more common with PSMA PET/CT than WBBS (P = 0.001). The maximum standardised uptake value (SUVmax) of the primary tumour was associated with upstaging of skeletal metastases on PSMA PET/CT (P = 0.025), while age was associated with upstaging on WBBS (P = 0.021). The SUVmax of the primary tumour and metastases were both higher according to extent of metastatic disease (P = 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively).ConclusionsMore skeletal metastases were detected with PSMA PET/CT than WBBS, resulting in a higher upstaging rate mostly in high‐risk patients. The SUVmax of the primary tumour and metastases was associated with upstaging.
Detection and clinical significance of CEACAM5 methylation in colorectal cancer patients
Authors: Huang Sheng‐Chieh , Chang Shih‐Ching , Liao Tsai‐Tsen , Yang Muh‐Hwa 
Published: November 2023

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is a globally common cancer, and the serum carcinoembryonic antigen (sCEA) is widely applied as a diagnostic and prognostic tumor marker in CRC. This study aimed to elucidate the mechanism of CEA expression and corresponding clinical features to improve prognostic assessments. In CRC cells, hypomethylation of the CEACAM5 promoter enhanced CEA expression in HCT116 and HT29 cells with 5‐aza‐2′‐deoxycytidine (5‐Aza‐dC) treatment. Our clinical data indicated that 64.7% (101/156) of CRC patients had an sCEA level above the normal range, and 76.2% (77/101) of those patients showed a lower average CpG methylation level of the CEACAM5 promoter. The methylation analysis showed that both CRC cell lines and patient samples shared the same critical methylation CpG regions at −200 to −500 and −1000 to −1400 bp of the CEACAM5 promoter. Patients with hypermethylation of the CEACAM5 promoter showed features of a BRAF mutation, TGFB2 mutation, microsatellite instability‐high, and preference for right‐sided colorectal cancer and peritoneal seeding presentation that had a similar clinical character to the consensus molecular subtype 1 (CMS1) of colorectal cancer. Additionally, hypermethylation of the CEACAM5 promoter combined with evaluated sCEA demonstrated the worst survival among the patients. Therefore, the methylation status of the CEACAM5 promoter also served as an effective biomarker for assessing disease prognosis. Results indicated that DNA methylation is a major regulatory mechanism for CEA expression in colorectal cancer. Moreover, our data also highlighted that patients in a subgroup who escaped from inactivation by DNA methylation had distinct clinical and pathological features and the worst survival.
Instinkterscheinungen an Kröten, unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Fortpflanzungsinstinktes der Erdkröte (Bufo bufo L.)
Authors: Heusser H. 
Published: November 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Erdkröte macht im Herbst und im Frühjahr eine Phase sexueller Erregung durch. In die des Frühjahrs fällt auch die Wanderung zum Laichplatz: Zu bestimmter Zeit finden sich die Erdkröten an bestimmten Plätzen ein, verhältnismäßig wenig abhängig von der Temperatur. Die Art der auslösenden und richtenden Reize ist unbekannt.Wenn die Mehrzahl der Kröten am Ziel angekommen sind, schlägt die Wanderstimmung in volle Paarungsbereitschaft um.Unter dem aufgesessenen ♂ biegt das ♀ den Rücken durch und streckt die Hinterbeine, ehe es ablaicht; nur der durchgebogene Rücken ist Schlüsselreiz für die Auslösung der Endhandlung des ♂. Das Strecken der Hinterbeine hat keinen solchen Auslösewert und ist vielleicht ein Überbleibsel der ursprünglicheren Paarungshaltung des amplexus lumbaris.Auch die Reaktionsweise des auf dem ♀ sitzenden ♀ wird beschrieben.Die Haltung des nicht paarungsbereiten ♀ (Abb. 1) ist das Gegenteil dessen, was das Klammern und Sitzenbleiben des ♂ auslöst. Hinzu kommen verschiedene Verhaltensweisen, die das Klammern unmittelbar hemmen.Während der eigentlichen Laichzeit überdeckt bei der Erdkröte das Paarungsverhalten‐anders als bei anderen einheimischen Arten‐nahezu alle anderen Lebensäußerungen.Mehlwurmgeruch stimmt Kröten zum Beuteverhalten. Mangels optischer Reize kommt es zu Leerlaufhandlungen und verschiedenen Übersprungbewegungen.Die Haltung bei der Kot‐ und Harnabgabe, Schlafstellungen und eine schwänzelnde Bewegung werden beschrieben.
Die Bedeutung von Streifenmustern für das Formensehen der Roten Waldameise (Formica rufa L.)*
Authors: Jander Rudolf , Voss Christiane 
Published: November 2023

ZusammenfassungFormica rufa verfügt über optische Orts‐ und Objektkenntnisse.Sie bevorzugt, unabhängig von der Art der Aufgliederung, in jedem Fall die jeweils geschlossenere Figur.Senkrechte Streifen werden waagrechten immer vorgezogen. Mit immer feineren, senkrechten und waagrechten Streifen wurde die Sehschärfe bestimmt. Sie beträgt bei einer Leuchtdichte von 1,26 × 10−4 sb + 1% etwa 34′. Das physiologische Auflösungsvermögen ist also weit feiner als das morphologische.Für die Bevorzugung senkrechter vor waagrechten Streifen geben wahrscheinlich senkrecht geordnete Reizwechsel den auslösenden Komplexreiz.Die Alternativen, gegliedert bzw. ungegliedert, senkrecht‐ bzw. waagrechtstreifig, sind für das Formensehen der Insekten zwei unabhängige Variable, Versuche mit Eristalis tenax und Stenus bipunctatus legen nahe, daß das Ansprechen auf bestimmte Streifenmuster als ökologische Anpassung zu betrachten ist.Gegen die Spontanbevorzugung senkrechter Streifen ist keine Dressur möglich, wohl aber auf die stärker gegliederte Figur. Beides sind also für die Ameisen qualitativ verschiedene Formmerkmale.SummaryFormica rufa shows optical recognition of objects and localities.It always prefers the more closed figure, independent of the nature of the articulation.Vertical stripes are always preferred to horizontal ones. The visual acuity was tested by making the vertical and horizontal stripes finer and finer. With a luminous flux of 1.26 × 10−4 sb + 1%, the acuity is about 34′. Thus the physiological resolution is much finer than the anatomical.Vertically arranged stimulation changes probably provide the key stimulus complex for the preference of vertical to horizontal stripes.The alternatives articulated‐unarticulated and vertically‐horizontally striped constitute two independent variables for the form vision of insects. Experiments with Eristalis tenax and Stenus bipunctatus suggest that preferences for particular stripe arrangements must be considered as ecological adaptations.The spontaneous preference for vertical stripes cannot be changed by training, but that for the less articulated figure can be reversed. Thus these are qualitatively different form properties for the ants.
Methods of Determining Priorities in a Programme of Research
Authors: MOORE R. L. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract— A method for selecting a programme of research by calculating the overall costs and benefits is outlined and then, as an example, it is applied to a particular field of research. The field selected is that of research into Vehicle Safety.The method of collecting the data for the necessary analysis is described and using two separate programme objectives, namely the maximization of gross benefits and the maximization of net benefits, various selections are made using linear programme computer techniques.The dangers of uncritical acceptance of cost/benefit criteria in project selections are noted. In particular the need for freedom to devote effort to understanding the nature of problems rather than achieve quick solutions is pointed out.Finally, reasons are given for modifying the portfolio selected to produce what is called a pragmatic portfolio.