bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suppression and hypothesis testing: does suppressing stereotypes during interactions help to avoid confirmation biases?
Authors: Dumont Muriel , Yzerbyt Vincent Y. , Snyder Mark , Mathieu Bernard , Comblain Christine , Scaillet Nathalie 
Published: September 2003

AbstractRecent work indicates that trying not to think in stereotypical terms increases the accessibility of stereotypical information, which paradoxically results in more stereotypical judgments. The present study translated the colour‐blindness ideology in general and stereotype suppression research in particular into an hypothesis testing setting. Participants who were asked to suppress their stereotypes when selecting a set of questions were indeed less guided by ambient stereotypes than control participants, thereby showing a reduction of the classical confirmation orientation in question preferences. Still, compared to control participants, suppressors also later reported more polarized impressions such that consistent targets were seen as more stereotypical and inconsistent ones as more counter‐stereotypical. Moreover, group evaluations were more stereotypical for suppressors than for controls indicating that suppression had led to stronger activation of the stereotypical representation. Results are discussed in light of the prevailing belief regarding the benefits of political correctness and colour‐blindness. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Manipulating self‐esteem with subliminally presented words
Authors: Riketta Michael , Dauenheimer Dirk 
Published: September 2003

AbstractA method for the unobtrusive manipulation of self‐esteem is presented. In four experiments, participants were subliminally exposed to either negative or positive adjectives paired with a self‐referring word (‘I’). The manipulation affected both self‐esteem and a probable consequence of self‐esteem (self‐serving bias) but did not affect mood or evaluation of a non‐self‐related object. When the adjectives were paired with a non‐self‐referring word, the manipulation had no effects. Together, the findings suggest that a) the method is an effective means of manipulating self‐esteem without side‐effects on mood and b) selective activation of evaluative self‐knowledge is the mediating process. Thus, the method promises to be a useful tool for the experimental investigation of the consequences of self‐esteem. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Short‐term monitoring of foredune formation on the east coast of South Africa
Authors: Olivier M. J. , Garland G. G. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractAlthough dunes fronted by sandy beaches constitute approximately 80 per cent of South Africa's coastline, few studies have addressed the formation and life cycle of coastal foredunes, the small, ephemeral shore‐parallel dune ridges typically less than 5 m high and 20 m wide, which form seaward of the storm line. This study used regular, detailed topographic surveys of embryo and foredunes at Tugela mouth, an aggrading stretch of shoreline on the subtropical east coast of South Africa, over a 32‐month period, to gain insight into the formation and motion of these highly mobile landforms over the short term.Average wind drift potential at Tugela mouth during the study period, at 2·35 m s−1, was an order of magnitude lower than that typical of most parts of the eastern South African coast. The dominant sand‐moving wind for the region was from the southwest to west‐southwest at 10·7 to 13·8 m s−1, with a secondary vector from north to north‐northeast at 10·8 to 13·8 m s−1.Signiﬁcant shoreline retreat, a result of the low sediment yield of the Tugela River during the study period, was one of the main results. This provided the context for redistribution of sand from the inland to the seaward side of the study area, a consequence of the dominant wind direction, and for frequent creation and destruction of short‐lived embryo dunes. Those foredunes which survived the whole study period tended to increase in height, but there was no consistent directional trend in foredune crest movement throughout the 32 months.The study results generally supported Psuty's model of foredune development, but could not conﬁrm his contention of landward retreat of dune forms under conditions of shoreline erosion. This may be due to the relatively short duration of the study, or possibly to low wind drift potential at the site. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Options expiration effects and the role of individual share futures contracts
Authors: Lien Donald , Yang Li 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThis note examines options expiration effects in the presence of individual stock futures contracts with different settlement methods. It is found
that the availability of the futures contracts attenuate the expiration effects on price volatility and trading volume of individual stocks. Also, the
stock price tends to move up near expiration days after physical delivery replaces cash settlement. These results provide empirical support to the
conjectures made in Corredor et al. (2001). © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 23:1107–1118, 2003
A note on the derivation of Black‐Scholes hedge ratios
Authors: Su Tie 
Published: September 2003

AbstractAn option hedge ratio is the sensitivity of an option price with respect to price changes in the underlying stock. It measures the number of shares of
stocks to hedge an option position. This article presents a simple derivation of the hedge ratios under the Black‐Scholes option‐pricing
framework. The proof is succinct and easy to follow. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 23:1119–1122, 2003
Reconstruction of segmental mandibular defects by distraction osteogenesis for mandibular reconstruction
Authors: Kuriakose M. Abraham , Shnayder Yelizaveta , DeLacure Mark D. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractBackground.Distraction osteogenesis is an established technique for the lengthening of long bones and correction of selected craniofacial deformities. Regenerate osteoid bone matrix formed during the distraction phase is malleable and can recreate the three‐dimensional form of native bones. Animal experiments and early clinical experience have confirmed that distraction osteogenesis can be used for the reconstruction of segmental bony defects. Herein we discuss the principles of distraction osteogenesis in reference to reconstruction of segmental bony defects and report its clinical application of the mandible continuity defects.Patients and Methods.Four patients (age, 7–83 years) with critical segmental mandibular defects (range, 3.5 cm–6.5 cm), resulting from ablative oncologic head and neck surgery underwent primary mandibular reconstruction by transport distraction osteogenesis. Two defects were at the angle and body region, one at the body, and the other at the parasymphysis and body region. Synthes Titanium Multi‐vector and Leibinger Multi‐guide distractors in bifocal (n = 2) and trifocal (n = 2) architecture were used after the stabilization of the segmental continuity defect using a defect‐bridging mandibular reconstruction plate. Osteodistraction was carried out at a rate of 1 mm per day, with once or twice a day rhythm, after a 1‐week latency period. The consolidation period was equal to the period of distraction.Results.All patients tolerated the distraction procedure. Satisfactory bone formation was observed in two patients, and partial bone formation was seen in one patient. Treatment failure was encountered in one patient who had a second oral cavity primary tumor observed during the consolidation period, requiring interruption of the treatment sequence.Conclusions.Mandibular reconstruction with distraction osteogenesis is a potentially useful technique in selected patients with segmental mandibular continuity defects after ablative head and neck cancer surgery. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head and Neck 25: 816–824, 2003
Motility‐related protein‐1/CD9 expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Erovic Boban M. , Pammer Johannes , Hollemann David , Woegerbauer Markus , Geleff Silvana , Fischer Michael B. , Burian Martin , Frommlet Florian , Neuchrist Csilla 
Published: September 2003

AbstractIntroduction.Motility‐related protein (MRP)‐1/CD9 is implicated in cell adhesion and motility and was shown to be clearly involved in tumor prognosis and angiogenesis. Elevated MRP‐1/CD9 expression on tumor cells has been linked to a favorable prognosis in breast cancer, colon cancer, lung cancer, and HNSCC. Because MRP‐1/CD9 is associated with angiogenesis, it might play a role in tumor angiogenesis as well.Methods.We analyzed MRP‐1/CD9 expression in HNSCC specimens and cell lines by real‐time RT‐PCR and in HNSCC biopsy specimens and stromal vessels by immunohistochemistry. Kruskal Wallis and X2 test, univariate and multivariate Cox regression, and Kaplan‐Meier methods were used for statistical analysis.Results.Real‐time and PCR RT showed elevated expression of MRP‐1/CD9 in one (SCC25) of four HNSCC cell lines and two of six HNSCC patients, whereas two cell lines (SCC9 and JPPA) and one HNSCC patient had lower MRP‐1/CD9 levels compared with other specimens. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated strong MRP‐1/CD9 IR expression on tumor cells in 13 patients (39%), whereas 21 patients (61%) had less to medium MRP‐1/CD9 IR expression. Increased MRP‐1/CD9 expression on tumor cells was correlated with prolonged patient survival (p = .02) and a longer disease‐free interval (p = .004), a diminished recurrence rate (p = .02), and lower stages of neck lymph nodes (p = .04). MRP‐1/CD9 IR was also found in a subpopulation of vessels that seem to be less in tumor specimens than in normal mucosa (p < .0001). MRP‐1/CD9+ vessels are podoplanin+ and are therefore regarded as lymphatic vessels.Conclusions.Our results revealed that elevated MRP‐1/CD9 expression on HNSCC is linked to a favorable clinical outcome and confirmed reports of MRP‐1/CD9 expression in other carcinomas. MRP‐1/CD9+ vessels were found to be lymphatic in nature. The number and staining intensity of these vessels is decreased in tumor tissue, which suggests a stabilizing role for this protein in lymphangiogenesis. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 25: 848–857, 2003
“Danger—men at work”: Management influence on safety
Authors: Flin Rhona 
Published: September 2003

AbstractResearch into the factors determining the safety of industrial organizations shows clearly the influence of managerial factors on the standard of the safety climate. While investigations exploring the mechanism of this process have been rather limited, there is sufficient evidence to indicate that supervisors, site managers, and senior managers all have distinctive effects. Following a short review of ongoing research into managerial behavior and leadership styles in relation to safety, it is suggested that senior management commitment to safety should be regularly measured using safety climate surveys and upward appraisal techniques. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Hum Factors Man 13: 261–268, 2003.
Nonlinear dynamics, complex systems, and occupational accidents
Authors: Guastello Stephen J. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThis article explains how some concepts of nonlinear dynamics—attractors, bifurcations, catastrophes, chaos, and self‐organization—contribute to the explanation of deterministic processes in occupational accidents. Empirical results from factory, transportation, and health care settings are compared. The complex dynamics of chaos and self‐organization have recently become more important as work systems themselves have become more complex. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Hum Factors Man 13: 293–304, 2003.
Social risk assessment of large technical systems
Authors: Pasman H.J. , Vrijling J.K. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractA probabilistic approach to engineering advances. Since risk adhering to a technical structure can be determined quantitatively easier and more accurately than before, criteria for decision making are becoming more important. If the structure is in the public domain, and benefits are not felt, the voluntariness of being subjected to the risk becomes low. Decisions become, in such a case, a political issue on the basis of considerations of ethics, law, and social justice. For a specific case, the comparison of the economic benefits with the total costs, including risk reduction in a worst case scenario, play a major role as we have seen over and over again in, for example, planning nuclear power generation. A criterion for individual risk of 10−5 per year for the purpose of “external safety” is generally accepted. For social risk assessment, however, a group risk criterion is essential and much more difficult to define. An analysis is made. Examples of inconsistency are given. Further dialogue is encouraged. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Hum Factors Man 13: 305–316, 2003.
Human performance in lean production environment: Critical assessment and research framework
Authors: Genaidy Ash M. , Karwowski Waldemar 
Published: September 2003

AbstractIn the past two decades, emerging work production systems have pervaded a diverse number of U.S. manufacturing enterprises in an attempt to achieve quantum leaps in quality and productivity and to offer customers a variety of products with different options. Because the worker is at the heart of the application of lean production strategies, this article deals with human performance in a lean production environment. First, an overview of a lean production model is presented. Second, the evidence on human performance in a lean production environment is described and appraised. Third, a research framework is described to determine optimum human performance practices in a lean production setting. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Hum Factors Man 13: 317–330, 2003.
The effects of traumatic experiences on the infant–mother relationship in the former war zones of central Mozambique: The case of madzawde in Gorongosa
Authors: Igreja Victor 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThis article addresses the ways in which years of war and periods of serious drought have affected the cultural representations of the populations in Gorongosa District, Mozambique. In the wake of these events different cultural and historical representations have been disrupted, leaving the members of these communities with fragmented protective and resilience factors to cope effectively. Emphasis is placed on the disruption of madzawde, a mechanism that regulates the relationship between the child (one to two years of life) and the mother, and the family in general. The war, aggravated by famine, prevented the populations from performing this child‐rearing practice. Nearly a decade after the war ended, the posttraumatic effects of this disruption are still being observed both by traditional healers and health‐care workers at the district hospital. The results suggest that this disruption is affecting and compromising the development of the child and the physical and psychological health of the mother. An in‐depth understanding of this level of trauma and posttraumatic effects is instrumental in making a culturally sensitive diagnosis and in developing effective intervention strategies based on local knowledge that has not been entirely lost but is nonetheless being questioned. ©2003 Michigan Association for Infant Mental Health.
The role of attachment security, temperament, maternal perception, and care‐giving behavior in persistent infant sleeping problems
Authors: Morrell Julian , Steele Howard 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThis study investigates the relationship of etiological factors to infant sleeping problems during the first year, and at follow‐up during the second year of life. The relevant factors for concurrent sleeping problems (in order of importance) were problematic maternal cognition concerning setting limits on the infant, fussy–difficult infant temperament, maternal anxiety–depression, ambivalent attachment, and certain maternal care‐giving behaviors involving the use of active physical comforting (cuddling to sleep, settling on sofa or in parental bed, and giving a feed). High initial levels of sleeping problems largely explained the continuity in infant sleeping problems over time. However, this continuity was significantly mediated by the influence of both problematic maternal cognition and infant temperament on the parental use of active physical comforting to settle infants to sleep. In addition, ambivalent attachment had a small but significant independent contribution to persistent problems. Regarding discontinuity in infant sleeping problems over time, infants who developed sleeping problems were those whose parents used high levels of active physical comforting, whereas those infants whose sleeping problems recovered were more likely to have mothers with low depression–anxiety. The significance of these results is discussed with respect to developmental models of infant sleeping problems, and the assessment and treatment of infant sleeping problems. ©2003 Michigan Association for Infant Mental Health.
Coping and coping styles in personality and treatment planning: Introduction to the special series
Authors: Beutler Larry E. , Moos Rudolf H. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractCoping is a complex process. It is variously described as a situational and as a trait‐like response, as a response to stress and as a disposition to respond to change. In this article, we review the current research on coping within the context of considering the contributions of the articles presented in this series. We present two broad views of coping, the more general one under the title of “coping response” defines coping as containing emotional, behavioral, and cognitive qualitites. It is generally considered to be a stress‐specific pattern by which an individual's perceptions, emotions, and behaviors prepare for adapting and changing. The more narrow view of coping is described here as “coping style” and represents a more observable but general style of interacting. In this usage, coping is a trait‐like variable that is activated when an environment changes in some way. It resembles other personality qualities and describes dispositions to respond in certain ways. In this article, we consider the implications and extant knowledge about coping within these two definitions, with special consideration to the prediction of treatment processes and outcomes. The articles in this series are discussed both in terms of extant research on these two views of coping and in terms of their contributions to the available literature on coping and coping responses. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol, 2003.
A factor analytic study of coping styles and the MMPI‐2 content scales*
Authors: Endler Norman S. , Parker James D.A. , Butcher James N. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe relationships among coping styles and psychopathology were examined with the MMPI‐2 content scales and a reliable and valid coping measure—the Coping Inventory For Stressful Situations (CISS). Subjects were 167 higher‐functioning normal adult males. The results are consistent with previous research that employed the CISS; a strong positive association was found between emotion‐oriented coping strategies and various measures of psychopathology. Task‐oriented coping strategies were found to be unrelated to these measures. Results are discussed in the context of a potential model for understanding the various relationships among coping styles and psychopathology. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol, 2003.
Exploring the sociotropy‐autonomy dimensions in a sample of Turkish psychiatric inpatients*
Authors: Şahin Nesrin , Ulusoy Mustafa , Şahin Nail 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe present study explored the constructs of sociotropy and autonomy with a group of Turkish depressed inpatients, who were administered the Beck Depression Inventory, the Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale, the Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire, and the Sociotropy‐Autonomy Scale. A comparison group of students from three SES levels also were included in the study. Comparisons were made on the scale scores among the non‐dysphoric students, the dysphoric students, and the depressed patients. The results seem to support the relationship of sociotropy with other depression measures in both samples. However, several problems were encountered with the construct autonomy as it is conceptualized in the Sociotropy‐Autonomy Scale. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol, 2003.
The specificity of sociotropy‐autonomy personality dimensions to depression vs. anxiety*
Authors: Alford Brad A. , Gerrity Dina M. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractPrevious cognitive vulnerability studies have identified sociotropy/dependency as a personality characteristic related to depression. We evaluated sociotropy in differential prediction of depression vs. anxiety. Participants (70 females, 42 males) were tested on the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) at two points in time (T1 and T2), separated by an interval of 4 weeks. The Sociotropy‐Autonomy Scale (SAS) was administered at T1. Sociotropy was related moderately to the BDI at T1 and T2, but also to the BAI. Autonomy was related to neither. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses found sociotropy to predict anxiety at T2, but not depression. The issue of cognitive vulnerability marker specificity is discussed. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol, 2003.
Differential effects of coping in mental disorders: A prospective study in psychiatric outpatients*
Authors: Vollrath Margarete , Alnæs Randolf , Torgersen Svenn 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe present follow‐up study investigated the differential effects of dispositional coping styles on change in nine clinical syndromes of the Axis I spectrum of the DSM‐Ill‐R. Subjects were 155 psychiatric outpatients who were examined 6 and 7 years after their enrollment in the study. Coping accounted for up to 9% of the variance of symptom change over 1 year. As hypothesized, the effects of different coping styles varied considerably across the clinical syndromes. Active goal‐oriented coping improved symptoms of the anxiety and the dependency spectrum; seeking social support had beneficial effects on symptoms of the depressive spectrum. The effects of the coping styles distraction, use of alcohol and other drugs, and focusing on and venting of emotions were detrimental, but again in a specific way. The results suggest that the differentiation of outcome criteria for coping is important. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol, 2003.
Fantasies, coping behavior, and psychopathology*
Authors: Greenwald Deborah F. , Harder David W. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThis study assessed whether consistent relationships exist between the content of self‐reported coping behaviors, sustaining fantasies, and ordinary daydreams. A second goal was the identification of coping behaviors associated with psychopathology and an exploration of connections between coping behaviors, fantasies, and daydreams correlated with pathology. College students (N = 119) completed the Tanck and Robbins Coping Behaviors Scale, the Sustaining Fantasy Questionnaire, and 12 Imaginal Processes Inventory scales. Pearson correlations indicated strong support for similar content between coping behaviors and the two types of fantasy. Previously reported relationships between coping behaviors and psychopathology were replicated. Significant intercorrelations were found between sustaining fantasies, daydreams, and coping behaviors that, separately, were found to be significantly associated with psychopathology. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol, 2003.