bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression of the PDGF α‐receptor 1.5 kb transcript, OCT‐4, and c‐KIT in human normal and malignant tissues. Implications for the early diagnosis of testicular germ cell tumours and for our understanding of regulatory mechanisms
Authors: Palumbo Camilla , van Roozendaal Kees , Gillis Ad J. , van Gurp Ruud H. , de Munnik Hannie , Wolter Oosterhuis J. , van Zoelen E. Joop , Looijenga Leendert H. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractHuman testicular germ cell tumours of adolescents and adults (TGCTs), including their precursor lesion carcinoma in situ (CIS), show expression of a 1.5 kb alternative transcript of the platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF) α‐receptor gene. The so‐called P2 promoter involved is located in intron 12 and its activity was found to be mutually exclusive with activity of the classical promoter (P1), which encodes the full‐length receptor. The presence of the 1.5 kb transcript could be a putative marker for the early molecular diagnosis of TGCTs. In order to validate the RT‐PCR approach, this study shows that not more than 100 transcripts are necessary to obtain positivity in the test used; moreover, samples from TGCTs or CIS‐containing tissues can be diluted many‐fold before resulting in false‐negative findings. This study also shows that within TGCTs, as in TGCT‐derived cell lines, expression of the 1.5 kb transcript is differentiation‐dependent and positively correlated with expression of the embryonic transcription factor OCT‐4/POU5F1. Furthermore, the results indicate that in some non‐TGCT cancers and cell lines the 1.5 kb transcript is also expressed, but without concomitant OCT‐4/POU5F1 expression. The 1.5 kb transcript is also present in early B cells and derived leukaemias (B‐ALL). In spite of similarities in chromosomal location, down‐regulation upon differentiation of TGCTs, and PDGF α‐receptor and c‐KIT (the stem cell factor receptor) both being a tyrosine kinase receptor, no correlation was found between activity of the P2 promoter of the PDGF α‐receptor gene and expression of c‐KIT. In conclusion, the 1.5 kb transcript of the PDGF α‐receptor is expressed in various cells and tissues, including particular blood cells. Although this may hamper the use of this transcript as a marker for malignancies in general, it does not appear to interfere with assays for the early detection of TGCTs. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Expression of glycoprotein 90K in human malignant pleural mesothelioma: correlation with patient survival
Authors: Strizzi L. , Muraro R. , Vianale G. , Natoli C. , Talone L. , Catalano A. , Mutti L. , Tassi G. , Procopio A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe expression of the tumour‐associated glycoprotein 90K in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma (MM) has not been described. This study used enzyme‐linked immunoassay (ELISA) to measure 90K in pleural effusions (PEs) and sera from patients with MM (n=28), lung cancer (LC) (n=14) and benign pleural disease (BPD) (n=15). Immunohistochemistry was used to investigate 90K expression in MM and LC tissue sections. The expression of 90K was further evaluated in vitro by ELISA and western blot analysis of conditioned media and cellular extracts of MM, LC and normal human mesothelial (NHM) cell cultures. Finally, the relationships between 90K expression in MM and patient age and survival were studied. The mean 90K level was significantly higher (p<0.05) in PEs of MM patients (11.0±6.6 µg/ml) than in LC (6.1±3.2 µg/ml) or BPD (6.2±5.0 µg/ml) patients. Immunohistochemistry showed a positive reaction for 90K in MM biopsy sections and positive staining limited to inflammatory infiltrates in LC sections. The level of 90K was significantly higher in cell culture media of MM than of LC or NHM (p<0.001). Bands representing proteins with molecular weight of approximately 90 kDa were detected by western blot in MM cellular extracts. An inverse correlation between PE 90K levels and MM patient age (r=−0.45; p=0.017) and a positive correlation between serum 90K levels and MM patient survival (r=0.62; p=0.006) were detected by linear regression analysis. Kaplan–Meier univariate analysis showed increased survival probability for MM patients with serum 90K level >7.3 µg/ml (log rank, p<0.05). This is the first report in MM of the expression of 90K and of its potential diagnostic and prognostic application. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Expression of trefoil peptides (TFF1, TFF2, and TFF3) in gastric carcinomas, intestinal metaplasia, and non‐neoplastic gastric tissues
Authors: Leung Wai K. , Yu Jun , Chan Francis K. L. , To Ka F. , Chan Michael W. Y. , Ebert M. P. A. , Ng Enders K. W. , Sydney Chung S. C. , Malfertheiner Peter , Sung Joseph J. Y. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractTrefoil factor family (TFF) domain peptides consist of three members that play a role in intestinal mucosal defence and repair, and in tumourigenesis. The role of the three TFF members in the gastric carcinogenesis cascade remains poorly defined. This study examined seven gastric cell lines, 50 gastric cancers and their adjacent non‐cancer tissues, and tissues from 40 non‐cancer patients, in order to elucidate the chronology of TFF expression in various stages of gastric carcinogenesis. TFF expression was determined by RT‐PCR, immunohistochemistry, and western blot. Aberrant expression of TFF1, TFF2, and TFF3 was frequently detected in gastric cell lines. Specifically, TFF1 was detected in all non‐cancer patients, but was detected in only 50% of gastric cancer and 66% of adjacent normal tissues. TFF2 expression was demonstrated in 87.5% of non‐cancer patients, 34% of gastric carcinomas, and 58% of adjacent non‐cancer tissues. There was a significant correlation between TFF1 and TFF2 expression in gastric cancer and adjacent non‐cancer tissues (p<0.001). By contrast, TFF3 was detected in 25% of non‐cancer patients and showed a predilection for areas with intestinal metaplasia (p=0.005). Sixty‐two per cent of gastric cancers and 24% of neighbouring non‐cancer tissues showed TFF3 expression. Immunoreactivity against TFF3 was demonstrated in goblet cells of intestinal metaplasia and within the cytoplasm and nuclei of tumour cells. Progressive loss of TFF1 and TFF2, together with the induction of TFF3, is likely to be involved in the early stage of the multi‐step gastric carcinogenesis pathway. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Is unexplained third trimester intrauterine death of fetuses with gastroschisis caused by umbilical cord compression due to acute extra‐abdominal bowel dilatation?
Authors: Kalache Karim D. , Bierlich Anke , Hammer Hannes , Bollmann Rainer 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe report on a case of gastroschisis in which sudden dilatation of extra‐abdominal bowel at 34+1 weeks was followed by an unusual umbilical flow velocity waveform (diastolic notching). The condition was associated with normal umbilical Doppler indices, brain sparing effect and a non‐reactive cardiotocograph (CTG). Findings at postnatal surgery strongly suggested severe cord compression by the herniated dilated bowel. The significance of notching in the umbilical artery waveform is discussed, as is the potential importance of this sign in the prepartum management of fetuses with gastroschisis. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pharmacy data in epidemiological studies: an easy to obtain and reliable tool
Authors: Monster Taco B. M. , Janssen Wilbert M. T. , de Jong Paul E. , de Jong‐van den Berg Lolkje T. W. ,   for the PREVEND Study Group
Published: October 2002

AbstractPurposeThe agreement between drug use measured in computerized pharmacy records and patient interviews or questionnaires is generally good. However, most investigations on this subject studied selected populations or subsets. We studied the coverage of Dutch pharmacy data for our study cohort, and the agreement between the different sources.MethodsWe used the data from 8592 subjects of an on‐going population‐based study, focused on the impact of microalbuminuria (PREVEND). Data on drug use was collected in a questionnaire and at community pharmacies. Drug use was measured in the year preceding the questionnaire. Agreement between the sources was measured using kappa‐values, sensitivity and positive predictive value.ResultsPharmacy data could be collected for 7568 (88%) of the study cohort. Pharmacy data and questionnaires showed good agreement for antihypertensives, lipid lowering drugs, oral antidiabetics and oral contraceptives, but poor agreement for nitrates, hormone replacement therapy and painkillers.ConclusionsPharmacy data could be collected for a large proportion of our cohort. For chronically used drugs pharmacy data generally agrees well with questionnaires. However, for drugs used for shorter periods, as needed, or also available over‐the‐counter, the agreement is not so good. Pharmacy data can be a valuable source of drug information in epidemiological studies. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermogravimetric analysis of polyurethane–polysulfone blends
Authors: Filip Daniela , Macocinschi Doina 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThermal decomposition of blends of a poly(ester urethane) and poly(ether sulfone) with or without poly(urethane sulfone), taken as a compatibilizing agent, was studied by thermogravimetric analysis under dynamic conditions. Theoretical mass loss curves were compared with experimental ones and it was found that the blends studied possessed lower thermal stability than the pure polymers, indicating the presence of interactions in the degradation process. The shifts between the theoretical and experimental curves became smaller as the amounts of polysulfone increased, confirming the thermal stabilisation effect of this polymer. The analysis of activation energy revealed, for both binary and ternary systems, that ECR (Tmax corresponding to the main decomposition stage of polysulfone) increased as the amount of this polymer increased and also the reaction order became zero. For the polyurethane decomposition stages and blending revealed no significant changes as far as activation energy and order of reaction were concerned.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Patterns of performance on the Stroop Color and Word Test in children with learning, attentional, and psychiatric disabilities
Authors: Golden Zarabeth L. , Golden Charles J. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe study presented here investigated the performance of children with learning, psychiatric, and attentional disabilities on the Stroop Color and Word Test. Forty‐three children diagnosed with a full battery of tests as learning disabled (LD [reading]) in grades K through 6 were matched on age, gender, ethnicity, and grade with 43 normal controls. They were also matched with groups of 43 children with psychiatric disorders and 43 children with attentional problems. All subjects were given the Stroop test, which took about 4 minutes per subject. The results indicated clear differences between the groups, with the LD and the psychiatric/attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) groups generating unique profiles different from the normal controls. The children with LD showed slower reading speed and less interference, while the subjects with ADHD and diagnoses showed impairment only on the Color‐Word score. A discriminant analysis using the three basic Stroop scales was able to significantly differentiate the LD group from the non–learning‐disabled (NLD) group (89%) and the LD group from a joint Psychiatric/ADHD group (86%). However, results were poorer for differentiating a joint LD/ADHD group from the NLD group (68%) and the LD from the ADHD group (59%). © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
1H and 13C NMR study of a series of C‐9‐substituted 19‐norsteroids
Authors: Dallery Laurence , Bertigny Jean‐Pierre , Doussot Joel , Garreau Robert , Guy Alain , Platzer Nicole 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe 1H and 13C NMR spectra of a series of 9‐substituted 19‐norsteroids were completely assigned using a series of 2D NMR experiments, which included 1H–1H COSY, NOESY and 1H–13C heteronuclear HETCOR and HMQC. For second‐order spin systems, chemical shifts and coupling constants were obtained by simulation of the experimental spectrum. Criteria were deduced to characterize the stereochemistry of these different compounds (multiplet pattern of H‐8β and variation of chemical shifts). The results allow the easy determination of the configuration at C‐9. Conformational changes resulting from the substitution were studied by NMR and molecular modeling calculations (AM1). Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Oxidation of thioanisole by peroxomolybdate ions: direct oxygen transfer from tetraperoxomolybdate ion
Authors: Bunton Clifford A. , Gillitt Nicholas D. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAddition of thioanisole (PhSMe) to Na2MoO4 in dilute hydrogen peroxide at pH 9.4 rapidly quenches the absorbance of the tetraperoxo complex, $\hbox{Mo}(\hbox{O}_{2})_{4}^{2-}$, which gradually regenerates as the PhSMe is oxidized to the sulfoxide. This direct oxygen transfer is followed by the decreasing absorbance of $\hbox{Mo}(\hbox{O}_{2})_{4}^{2-}$ at 452 nm. In dilute H2O2 the $\hbox{Mo}(\hbox{O}_{2})_{4}^{2-}$ becomes a steady‐state intermediate, and kinetics monitored by 1H NMR spectroscopy allow estimation of the second‐order rate constant for oxidation of PhSMe by $\hbox{MoO}(\hbox{O}_{2})_{3}^{2-}$ and rate constants for interconversion of $\hbox{MoO}(\hbox{O}_{2})_{3}^{2-}$ and $\hbox{MoO}(\hbox{O}_{2})_{4}^{2-}$. The steady‐state approximation breaks down at higher [H2O2], and with [H2O2] = 2 M the $\hbox{MoO}(\hbox{O}_{2})_{3}^{2-}$ and $\hbox{Mo}(\hbox{O}_{2})_{4}^{2-}$ are approximately in equilibrium; based on the rate constants of oxidation of PhSMe by $\hbox{MoO}(\hbox{O}_{2})_{3}^{2-}$ and $\hbox{Mo}(\hbox{O}_{2})_{4}^{2-}$ and the related association equilibrium constant, the observed and predicted rate constants for the overall oxidation of PhSMe are similar. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Kinetics and mechanism for oxime formation from methyl pyruvate
Authors: Córdova T. , Peraza A. J. , Calzadilla M. , Malpica A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractRate and equilibrium constants for methyl pyruvate oxime formation were determined as a function of pH over the range 0–7 in aqueous solution at 30 °C and ionic strength 0.5 by spectrophotometric methods. The reaction occurs with rate‐determining carbinolamine dehydration over the entire range of pH investigated. Carbinolamine dehydration is not susceptible to detectable general acid–base catalysis by a carboxylic acid buffer or hydroxylamine/hydroxylammonium ion buffer. Specific acid catalysis for carbinolamine formation is dominant at­pH values below 5. Above that value, a pH‐independent, water‐catalyzed reaction becomes apparent. The­pH‐independent carbinolamine dehydration is unusually important with this substrate. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hydrogen‐bond basicity of solutes in hydroxylic solvents from octanol–water partition coefficients
Authors: Berthelot Michel , Graton Jérôme , Ouvrard Carole , Laurence Christian 
Published: October 2002

AbstractHydrogen‐bond acceptor strengths of numerous bases can be extracted from octanol–water partition coefficients after subtraction of a hydrophobic‐cavity term proportional to the molecular volume of the solutes. A stepwise correlation analysis is carried out to compare these basicities in hydroxylic solvents with the pK
x(HB) hydrogen‐bonding basicity scale determined for the 1:1 association of 4‐fluorophenol in carbon tetrachloride. Within a family of bases, hydrogen‐bond acceptor ability in hydroxylic solvents is found to be predicted by the pK
x(HB) scale and the overall basicity of bifunctional and trifunctional solutes is precisely calculated by an exact summation ∑pK
x(HB) of the strengths of the individual basic sites. Plots of octanol–water partition coefficients against ∑pK
x(HB) present classical family‐dependent relationships separating the amines, pyridines and ethers from the other bases. This separation can be accounted for by a simple multiplicative term λ restoring the additivity of the basicity strengths. Careful dissection of the overall basicities of bifunctional compounds into their individual components reveals the considerable levelling effect of the hydroxylic solvents on the relative strengths of the different basic groups present in the same solute. A two‐parameter equation involving the molecular volume and the corrected summation for all basic sites ∑λpK
x(HB) is proposed to predict partitioning between octanol and water. Significant deviations from the equation are found when one of the basic centres of the solute is hindered by bulky substituents. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Kinetic study of hydrolysis of benzoates. Part XXIII—Influence of the substituent and temperature on the kinetics of the alkaline hydrolysis of alkyl benzoates in aqueous 2.25 MBu4NBr and 80% DMSO
Authors: Nummert Vilve , Piirsalu Mare 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe second‐order rate constantsk2(M−1s−1) for the alkaline hydrolysis of substituted alkyl benzoates, C6H5CO(O)R (R = CH3, CH2Cl, CH2CN, CH2C≡CH, CH2C6H5, CH2CH2Cl, CH2CH2OCH3), were measured in aqueous 2.25 Mn‐Bu4NBr and in 80% (v/v) DMSO solution at several temperatures. The logkvalues were analyzed using the equation logk = logk0 + ρσ + δEsB. TheEsBscale has been proposed for the steric effect of alkyl substituents in the alkyl part of esters:EsB = (logkR − logkCH3), wherekis the rate constant for the acidic hydrolysis of substituted alkyl benzoates or acetates in water. As polar substituent parameters, both Taft σ* and σIconstants were used. The dual parameter treatments of the logkvalues with σ andEsBconstants gave excellent correlations (R = 0.997). For 2.25 Mn‐Bu4NBr, 80% (v/v) DMSO and pure water at 25 °C, calculated susceptibilities to the inductive effect of alkyl substituents ρ* were found to be 2.07, 2.21 and 1.64, respectively. The corresponding ρIvalues were 4.64, 4.94 and 3.64. The dependence of ρIon solvent and temperature in the alkaline hydrolysis of substituted alkyl benzoates was similar to that observed earlier formeta‐ andpara‐substituents in the alkaline hydrolysis of substituted phenyl benzoates and tosylates. The substituent dependence of the activation energy,E, was found to be completely caused by the polar effect. Susceptibility to steric effect in the alkaline hydrolysis of alkyl benzoates (δ ≈ 1) appeared to be independent of the solvent and temperature. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biologically active polymers. V. Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of modified poly(glycidyl methacrylate‐co‐2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) derivatives with quaternary ammonium and phosphonium salts
Authors: Kenawy El‐Refaie , Abdel‐Hay Fouad I. , El‐Shanshoury Abd El‐Raheem R. , El‐Newehy Mohamed H. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAntimicrobial copolymers bearing quaternary ammonium and phosphonium salts based on a copolymer of glycidyl methacrylate and 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate were synthesized. Poly(glycidyl methacrylate‐co‐2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) was modified for the introduction of chloromethyl groups by its reaction with chloroacetyl chloride. The chloroacetylated copolymer was modified for the production of quaternary ammonium or phosphonium salts. The antimicrobial activity of the obtained copolymers was studied against gram‐negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigella sp., and Salmonella typhae), gram‐positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilus and B. cereus), and the fungus Trichophyton rubrum by the cut‐plug method. The results showed that the three copolymers had high antimicrobial activity. A control experiment was carried out on the main polymer without ammonium or phosphonium groups. The copolymer bearing quaternary salt made from tributyl phosphine was the most effective copolymer against both gram‐negative and gram‐positive bacteria and the fungus T. rubrum. The diameters of the inhibition zones ranged between 20 and 60 mm after 24 h. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 40: 2384–2393, 2002
Synthesis, optical, and electrochemical properties of novel copolymers on the basis of benzothiadiazole and electron‐rich arene units
Authors: Jayakannan M. , Van Hal Paul A. , Janssen René A. J. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractNovel alternating conjugated copolymers (P1–P6) consisting of an electron‐deficient benzothiadiazole and a variety of electron‐rich thiophene‐arene‐thiophene units were synthesized by palladium‐catalyzed polycondensations (Stille and Suzuki reactions), aiming at processable materials with a reduced optical band gap. The structures of P1–P6 were confirmed by 1H NMR and 13C NMR, and their molecular weights were determined by size exclusion chromatography. In the Suzuki polycondensation, the role of the catalyst [Pd(PPh3)4 and Pd(OAc)2] on the resulting molecular weight was investigated. Pd(OAc)2 enhances the molecular weight of the polymers for both thiophene and phenylene bis‐boronic esters as compared with Pd(PPh3)4. The optical properties of the polymers were examined in solution and the solid state. The polymers with n‐octyl substituents (P1, P4, P5, and P6) on the thiophene rings possessed less‐planar structures as a result of torsional steric hindrance, and their absorption spectra appeared blueshifted as compared with their unsubstituted analogues (P2 and P3). The electrochemical properties of the polymers were studied using cyclic voltammetry. Although the alkyl substitution affects the oxidation potential, only marginal differences in the reduction potentials were observed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 40: 2360–2372, 2002
Structure development of polyamide‐66 fibers during drawing and their microstructure characterization
Authors: Vasanthan Nadarajah , Ruetsch Sigrid B. , Salem David R. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractStructure development during drawing was studied for three sets of polyamide‐66 (PA66) fibers with density, optical microscopy, wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The crystallinity, estimated by density measurements, remained virtually constant with increasing draw ratios, indicating that stress‐induced crystallization did not occur for the PA66 fibers drawn at room temperature, but there was a rapid transformation from a hedrite morphology to a fibrillar one. The absence of stress‐induced crystallization differed from the behavior of polyamide‐6, and this was attributed to the stronger hydrogen bonding between polyamide chains and the higher glass‐transition temperature of PA66. Polarized infrared spectroscopy was used to measure the transition‐moment angles of the vibrations at 936 and 906 cm−1, which were found to be 48 and 60°, respectively. The crystalline orientation was estimated from the band at 936 cm−1, and the increase with an increasing draw ratio was in close quantitative agreement with X‐ray diffraction data; this showed that infrared spectroscopy could be used reliably to measure the crystalline orientation of PA66 fibers. Because we were unable to obtain the transition‐moment angle of the amorphous bands, the amorphous orientation was obtained with Stein's equation. The amorphous orientation developed more slowly than the crystalline orientation, which is typical behavior for flexible‐chain polymers. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 40: 1940–1948, 2002