bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glucose uptake from the rhizosphere mediated by MdDOF3‐MdHT1.2 regulates drought resistance in apple
Authors: Tian Xiaocheng , Li Yuxing , Wang Shaoteng , Zou Hui , Xiao Qian , Ma Baiquan , Ma Fengwang , Li Mingjun 
Published: January 2024

SummaryIn plants under drought stress, sugar content in roots increases, which is important for drought resistance. However, the molecular mechanisms for controlling the sugar content in roots during response to drought remain elusive. Here, we found that the MdDOF3‐MdHT1.2 module‐mediated glucose influx into the root is essential for drought resistance in apple (Malus × domestica). Drought induced glucose uptake from the rhizosphere and up‐regulated the transcription of hexose transporter MdHT1.2. Compared with the wild‐type plants, overexpression of MdHT1.2 promoted glucose uptake from the rhizosphere, thereby facilitating sugar accumulation in root and enhancing drought resistance, whereas silenced plants showed the opposite phenotype. Furthermore, ATAC‐seq, RNA‐seq and biochemical analysis demonstrated that MdDOF3 directly bound to the promoter of MdHT1.2 and was strongly up‐regulated under drought. Overexpression of MdDOF3 in roots improved MdHT1.2‐mediated glucose transport capacity and enhanced plant resistance to drought, but MdDOF3‐RNAihr apple plants showed the opposite phenotype. Moreover, overexpression of MdDOF3 in roots did not attenuate drought sensitivity in MdHT1.2‐RNAi plants, which was correlated with a lower glucose uptake capacity and glucose content in root. Collectively, our findings deciphered the molecular mechanism through which glucose uptake from the rhizosphere is mediated by MdDOF3‐MdHT1.2, which acts to modulate sugar content in root and promote drought resistance.
Knowledge and the behavioral patterns of photoprotection among Koreans with skin disease
Authors: Jo Seong Jin , Kim Seong Rae , Lee Si Hyung , Seo Young‐Joon , Ahn Hyo Hyun , Lee Jong Hee , Oh Sang Ho , Jeong Ki‐Heon , Park Kui Young , Bang Chul Hwan , Kim Min‐Soo , Jung Jae Yoon , Ryoo Young Wook , Kim Sang Seok , Suh Dae Hun 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundPhotoprotection is crucial in preventing the development and progression of various skin diseases. However, patients with skin disease have limited awareness of photoprotection. We evaluated the knowledge and behavioral patterns of photoprotection among Koreans with skin diseases.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted in 11 general hospitals across South Korea. The study population consisted of patients aged 19 years or older who visited dermatologic clinics for their skin diseases. A self‐administered questionnaire was used to collect patient demographics, knowledge of photoprotection, and photoprotective habits.ResultsIn this study, 1173 patients with skin cancer, hyperpigmentary disorders, hypopigmentary disorders, or other skin diseases participated. Females scored significantly higher in knowledge of photoprotection compared to males (mean score 8.4 vs. 7.8;p < .001), and younger patients (<50 years) scored higher than older patients (mean score 8.7 vs. 7.5;p < .001). Males also reported longer sun exposure times and lower usage of photoprotective measures (bothp < .001). Patients with skin cancer had the lowest mean knowledge score (7.1 ± 2.6) and were less likely to use photoprotective measures compared to other groups (p < .001). In contrast, patients with hyperpigmentation actively avoided sun exposure compared with other groups (p < 0.001).ConclusionsKnowledge of photoprotection among Korean patients with skin diseases varied depending on the gender, age, and type of skin disease. Their photoprotective behaviors were inadequate, especially among males and those with skin cancer. These findings emphasize the importance of educating and tailoring photoprotection strategies for patients with skin diseases.
Management of a patient with sickle cell disease and multiple red blood cell alloantibodies in preparation for a hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Cigna Maude , Leiva‐Torres Gabriel André , Baillargeon Nadia , Yanez Jessica Constanzo , Robitaille Nancy 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundHematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) is currently the only widely available curative option for patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). Alloimmunization in this population is frequent and can complicate transfusion management during the HSCT period. The case of a pediatric patient with severe SCD clinical phenotype, multiple alloantibodies (9), and hyperhemolysis syndrome who underwent haploidentical HSCT is described.Study Design and MethodsThe patient was known for an anti‐e, despite RHCE*01.01 allele, which predicts a C‐ c+ E‐ weak e+ phenotype. Donors matching the patient's extended phenotype were targeted for RHCE genotyping.ResultsDonors homozygotes or heterozygotes for RHCE*01.01 were selected for compatibility analyses and ranked based on strength of reactions. Discordance between zygosity and strength of reactions was observed, as the most compatible donors were heterozygotes for RHCE*01.01. In total, the patient received seven RBC units from two different donors during HSCT process without transfusion reaction or development of new alloantibodies. Six months post‐HSCT, his hemoglobin level is stable at around 120 g/L and his chimerism is 100%.DiscussionThis case highlights the complexity of transfusion management during HSCT of alloimmunized patients with SCD. Collecting sufficient compatible units requires early involvement of transfusion medicine teams and close communication with the local blood provider. Genotyping of donors self‐identifying as Black is useful for identifying compatible blood for those patients but has some limitations. HSCT for heavily alloimmunized patients is feasible and safe with early involvement of transfusion medicine specialists. Further research on the clinical impact of genotypic matching is needed.
Effects of mitral valve repair on valvular geometry and hemodynamics in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease
Authors: Mihara Kippei , Kanemoto Isamu , Sato Keiichi , Yasuhira Yuma , Watanabe Itsuki , Suzuki Yuya , Nagura Jumpei , Misumi Kazuhiro 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the effects of mitral valve repair on the geometry of the mitral valve complex, hemodynamics, and cardiac function of dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD).Study designRetrospective cohort study.Sample populationDogs (n = 77) with stage C MMVD undergoing mitral valve repair under cardiopulmonary bypass.MethodsMitral valve geometry and cardiac function were assessed using echocardiography preoperatively, 1 week postoperatively and 3 months postoperatively.ResultsThe coaptation length (0 [0–0] vs. 7 [6–8.5] mm, p < .001) and forward stroke volume index (1.5 ± 0.4 vs. 2.3 ± 0.6 mL/kg, p < .001) were higher at 3‐months postoperatively than preoperatively, whereas the vertebral heart score (12.3 ± 1.2 vs. 10.8 ± 0.8 V, p < .001), left atrial‐to‐aortic ratio (2.2 ± 0.7 vs. 1.2 ± 0.3, p < .001), peak velocity of early diastolic transmitral flow (144 ± 34 vs. 91 ± 18 cm/s, p < .001), and regurgitant volume index (11.3 [8.2–14.0] vs. 1.6 [0.95–2.35] mL/kg, p < .001) were lower. Postoperatively, mitral valve geometry was completely changed within 1 week, whereas changes in vertebral heart score lasted for 3 months.ConclusionMitral valve repair changed valvular geometry and improved hemodynamics as assessed by follow‐up echocardiography.Clinical significanceThis study acts as reference for surgeons and cardiologists considering or evaluating the effects of mitral valve repair in dogs and provides useful data for the enhancement of relevant surgical techniques and the selection of relevant pre‐ and postoperative observations.
A Social Activity-Based Control Model for Rumor Propagation
Authors: Zhu Qingyi , Fan Ziqi , Gan Chenquan , Cheng Kefei , Wu Yu , Yang Lu-Xing 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we introduce the concept of “social activity” to describe individual behavior on social networks, acknowledging its potential impact on rumor propagation within complex networks. With this in mind, we develop a dynamic model of rumor propagation based on social behavior and analyze the influence of various parameters on the scale of rumors through static comparison. Using this model, we investigate an optimal solution that balances costs and benefits. Numerical simulations and comparative experiments demonstrate the practical value of these findings for strategies aimed at suppressing rumors.
Quantitative assessment of early kidney injury using high frame rate contrast-enhanced ultrasonography in a rabbit model of diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Yang Fengrong , Jiang Lei , Ma Yue , He Yadong , Xu Yuqing , Yang Ru , Wu Banban , Li Yang 
Published: January 2024

Aim: To explore benefits of high-frame-rate contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (H-CEUS) for early kidney injury in a rabbit model of diabetic nephropathy (DN).Methods: Diabetic rabbits were induced with alloxan administration and split into 2 groups with or without urinary microalbuminuria after a fatty and sugary diet: diabetic rabbits with nephropathy (Group A) and diabetic rabbits without nephropathy (Group B). The control group (Group C) comprised healthy rabbits. Renal H-CEUS and conventional CEUS (C-CEUS) imaging were conducted. Serum creatinine (SCR), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and urinary microalbuminuria were measured.Results: SCR and BUN levels were barely changed in Groups B and C (p>0.05), whereas Group A exhibited a rise (p<0.05). Perfusion parameters of the two CEUS modalities showed reduced peak intensity (PI) and ascending slope (AS) and elevated area under the curve (AUC) and time to peak (TTP) in Group A versus Group B (p<0.05) and Group B versus Group C (p<0.05). The arrival time (AT) and descending slope (DS) exhibited little difference among the three groups. H-CEUS had a stronger correlation of perfusion parameters with SCR and BUN than C-CEUS.Conclusions: H-CEUS outperforms C-CEUS in diagnosing early renal damage in DN. H-CEUS perfusion parameters demonstrate temporal superiority over routine laboratory indices.
Clinical application value of Ultrafast Pulse Wave Velocity in early cardiovascular injury of Immunoglobulin A nephropathy
Authors: Liu Bili , Si Xing , Shan Yue , Xia Wenxia , Li Min , Ge Dan , Zhang Pingping 
Published: January 2024

Aim: To investigate the application and the related influencing factors of ultrafast pulse wave velocity (ufPWV) in the evaluation of carotid artery elasticity in patients with Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN).Material and methods: A total of 156 IgAN patients and 50 healthy individuals were selected as the control group. The ufPWV technique was employed to measure carotid arterial elasticity parameters, including carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), pulse wave velocity at the beginning of systole (BS-PWV) and pulse wave velocity at the end of systole (ES-PWV).Results: Across the three groups (control group, IgAN patients with normal renal function, and IgAN patients with renal dysfunction) there was an increasing trend observed in cIMT, BS-PWV, and ES-PWV. Additionally, ES-PWV exhibited higher sensitivity than BS-PWV. Correlation analysis revealed that BS-PWV and ES-PWV were positively correlated with age, body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), creatinine (Cr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and uric acid (UA) and negatively correlated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).Conclusion: The ufPWV technique allows for the rapid and direct measurement of arterial elasticity parameters in the neck and represents a novel approach for the early diagnosis and quantitative assessment of arterial stiffness risk in IgAN patients.
Cefiderocol: early clinical experience for multi-drug resistant gram-negative infections
Authors: El Ghali Amer , Kunz Coyne Ashlan J. , Lucas Kristen , Tieman Molly , Xhemali Xhilda , Lau Suet-ping , Iturralde Gabriela , Purdy Andrew , Holger Dana J. , Garcia Esther , Veve Michael P. , Rybak Michael J. 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

Multi-drug resistant gram-negative bacteria present a significant global health threat. Cefiderocol (CFDC), a siderophore cephalosporin, has shown potential in combating this threat, but with the currently available data, its role in therapy remains poorly defined. This multi-center, retrospective cohort study evaluated the real-world application of CFDC across six U.S. medical centers from January 2018 to May 2023. Patients aged ≥18 years and who had received ≥72 hours of CFDC were included. The primary outcome was a composite of clinical success: survival at 30 days, absence of symptomatic microbiologic recurrence at 30 days following CFDC treatment initiation, and resolution of signs and symptoms. Secondary outcomes included time to CFDC therapy and on-treatment non-susceptibility to CFDC. A total of 112 patients were included, with median (interquartile range [IQR]) APACHE II scores of 15 (19–18). Clinical success was observed in 68.8% of patients, with a mortality rate of 16.1% and comparable success rates across patients infected with carbapenem-resistant gram-negative infections. The most common isolated organisms were
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
(61/112, 54.5%, of which 55/61 were carbapenem-resistant) and carbapenem-resistant
Acinetobacter baumannii
(32/112, 28.6%). Median (IQR) time to CFDC therapy was 77 (14–141) hours. Two patients experienced a non-anaphylactic rash as an adverse drug reaction. On-treatment non-susceptibility to CFDC was found in six patients, notably due to
P. aeruginosa
and
A. baumannii
.

IMPORTANCE
CFDC was safe and clinically effective as a monotherapy or in combination in treating a variety of carbapenem-resistant gram-negative infections. Further prospective studies are warranted to confirm these findings.
Molecular characteristics, fitness, and virulence of high-risk and non-high-risk clones of carbapenemase-producing
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Örmälä-Tiznado Anni-Maria , Allander Lisa , Maatallah Makaoui , Kabir Muhammad Humaun , Brisse Sylvain , Sandegren Linus , Patpatia Sheetal , Coorens Maarten , Giske Christian G. 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

Extensively drug-resistant (XDR)
Klebsiella pneumoniae
inflict a notable burden on healthcare worldwide. Of specific concern are strains producing carbapenem-hydrolyzing enzymes, as the therapeutic options for these strains are still very limited. Specific sequence types of
K. pneumoniae
have been noted for their epidemic occurrence globally, but the mechanisms behind the success of specific clones remain unclear. Herein, we have characterized 20 high-risk clones (HiRCs) and 10 non-HiRCs of XDR
K. pneumoniae
, exploring factors connected to the epidemiological success of some clones. Isolates were subjected to core genome multilocus sequence typing analysis to determine the clonal relationships of the isolates and subsequently characterized with regard to features known to be linked to overall bacterial fitness and virulence. The genomes were analyzed
in silico
for capsule types, O antigens, virulence factors, antimicrobial resistance genes, prophages, and CRISPR-Cas loci.
In vitro
growth experiments were conducted to retrieve proxies for absolute and relative fitness for 11 HiRC and 9 non-HiRC isolates selected based on the clonal groups they belonged to, and infections in a
Galleria mellonella
insect model were used to evaluate the virulence of the isolates
in vivo
. This study did not find evidence that virulence factors, prophages, CRISPR-Cas loci, or fitness measured
in vitro
alone would contribute to the global epidemiological success of specific clones of carbapenemase-producing XDR
K. pneumoniae
. However, this study did find the HiRC group to be more virulent than the non-HiRC group when measured
in vivo
in a model with
G. mellonella
. This suggests that the virulence and epidemiological success of certain clones of
K. pneumoniae
cannot be explained by individual traits investigated in this study and thus warrant further experiments in the future.

IMPORTANCE

Herein, we explored potential explanations for the successfulness of some epidemic or high-risk clones of carbapenemase-producing
Klebsiella pneumoniae
. We found differences in mortality in a larva model but found no clear genomic differences in known virulence markers. Most of the research on virulence in
K. pneumoniae
has been focused on hypervirulent strains, but here, we try to understand differences within the group of highly resistant strains. The results from the larva virulence model could be used to design experiments in higher animals. Moreover, the data could provide further support to a differentiated infection control approach against extensively drug-resistant strains, based on their classification as high-risk clones.
Strategies for recruiting adolescents in rural areas in firearm injury research
Authors: Weybright Elizabeth , Hall Ashley , Ellyson Alice M , Varrella Gary , Kuklinski Margaret R. , Gause Emma , Schleimer Julia , Dalve Kimberly , Rowhani-Rahbar Ali 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundParticipant recruitment is a central aspect of human sciences research. Barriers to participant recruitment can be categorised into participant, recruiter and institutional factors. Firearm injury research poses unique barriers to recruitment. This is especially true for rural adolescents, who are at high risk for firearm-related injury and death, and whose voice is often absent in firearms research. In particular, recruitment strategies targeting adolescents should align with developmental changes occurring during this life stage. Identifying strategies to address recruitment barriers tailored to firearm-related research can help future researchers engage rural adolescents in injury prevention efforts.PurposeThe purpose of the current methodology paper is to outline barriers and provide strategies for recruiting rural adolescents in firearms research informed by the Youth Experiences in Rural Washington: Research on Firearm Safety project, a mixed-methods, community-based participatory research study of 13–18 year-olds residing in rural Washington.StrategiesRecruitment barriers and related strategies were organised by participant-related and recruiter-related/institutional-related factors. While carrying out the study, key considerations or strategies which addressed multiple participant and recruiter/institutional factors, emerged with potential to enhance firearm-related research with rural adolescents more broadly. Key considerations included logistics (ie, scheduling flexibility, adequate and aligned incentives), use of a community-based participatory research approach and accounting for developmental stage.ConclusionReducing the burden of firearm injury and death for rural adolescents and developing effective interventions requires understanding and navigating recruitment barriers. Strategies used in the current project can guide future qualitative or mixed methods data collection informing firearm injury prevention.
Head trauma results in manyfold increased risk of multiple sclerosis in genetically susceptible individuals
Authors: Johansson Eva , Alfredsson Lars , Strid Pernilla , Kockum Ingrid , Olsson Tomas , Hedström Anna Karin 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundLarge register-based studies have reported an association between head trauma and increased risk of multiple sclerosis (MS). We aimed to investigate possible interactions between head trauma and MS-associated HLA genes in relation to MS risk.MethodsWe used a Swedish population-based case-control study (2807 incident cases, 5950 matched controls with HLA genotypes available for 2057 cases, 2887 controls). Subjects with and without a history of self-reported head trauma were compared regarding MS risk, by calculating ORs with 95% CIs using logistic regression models. Additive interaction between head trauma,HLA-DRB1*1501and absence ofHLA-A*0201, was assessed by calculating the attributable proportion (AP) due to interaction.ResultsA history of head trauma was associated with a 30% increased risk of subsequently developing MS (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.53), with a trend showing increased risk of MS with increasing number of head impacts (p=0.03). We observed synergistic effects between recent head trauma andHLA-DRB1*15:01as well as absence ofHLA*02:01in relation to MS risk (each AP 0.40, 95% CI 0.1 to 0.7). Recent head trauma in individuals with both genetic risk factors rendered an 18-fold increased risk of MS, compared with those with neither the genetic risk factors nor a history of head trauma (OR 17.7, 95% CI 7.13 to 44.1).ConclusionsOur findings align with previous observations of a dose-dependent association between head trauma and increased risk of MS and add a novel aspect of this association by revealing synergistic effects between recent head trauma and MS-associated HLA genes.
Impact of white matter networks on risk for memory decline following resection versus ablation in temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Kaestner Erik , Stasenko Alena , Schadler Adam , Roth Rebecca , Hewitt Kelsey , Reyes Anny , Qiu Deqiang , Bonilha Leonardo , Voets Natalie , Hu Ranliang , Willie Jon , Pedersen Nigel , Shih Jerry , Ben-Haim Sharona , Gross Robert , Drane Daniel , McDonald Carrie R 
Published: January 2024

Background
With expanding neurosurgical options in epilepsy, it is important to characterise each options’ risk for postoperative cognitive decline. Here, we characterise how patients’ preoperative white matter (WM) networks relates to postoperative memory changes following different epilepsy surgeries.

Methods
Eighty-nine patients with temporal lobe epilepsy with T1-weighted and diffusion-weighted imaging as well as preoperative and postoperative verbal memory scores (prose recall) underwent either anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL: n=38) or stereotactic laser amygdalohippocampotomy (SLAH; n=51). We computed laterality indices (ie, asymmetry) for volume of the hippocampus and fractional anisotropy (FA) of two deep WM tracts (uncinate fasciculus (UF) and inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF)).

Results
Preoperatively, left-lateralised FA of the ILF was associated with higher prose recall (p<0.01). This pattern was not observed for the UF or hippocampus (ps>0.05). Postoperatively, right-lateralised FA of the UF was associated with less decline following left ATL (p<0.05) but not left SLAH (p>0.05), while right-lateralised hippocampal asymmetry was associated with less decline following both left ATL and SLAH (ps<0.05). After accounting for preoperative memory score, age of onset and hippocampal asymmetry, the association between UF and memory decline in left ATL remained significant (p<0.01).

Conclusions
Asymmetry of the hippocampus is an important predictor of risk for memory decline following both surgeries. However, asymmetry of UF integrity, which is only severed during ATL, is an important predictor of memory decline after ATL only. As surgical procedures and pre-surgical mapping evolve, understanding the role of frontal-temporal WM in memory networks could help to guide more targeted surgical approaches to mitigate cognitive decline.