bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the putative role of C‐C chemokines as protective factors of HIV‐1 infection in seronegative hemophiliacs exposed to contaminated hemoderivatives
Authors: Barretina J. , Blanco J. , Gutiérrez A. , Puig L. , Altisent C. , Espanol T. , Caragol I. , Clotet B. , Esté J.A. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: Overproduction of β‐chemokines and genetic variations in chemokine receptors have been correlated with protection against infection by HIV‐1 or slow progression to AIDS in infected individuals.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The protective role of chemokines and their receptors was evaluated in a group of seven uninfected (seronegative) hemophiliacs transfused with hemoderivatives presumably contaminated with HIV‐1. This group was compared to a group of seven infected (seropositive) hemophiliacs and a group of healthy donors (controls). The CD4+ cell count, intracellular cytokine levels, β‐chemokine levels in plasma, β‐chemokine production by PBMNCs, and expression of chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR4 in CD4+ cells were evaluated. The occurrence of protective genotypes in CCR5, CCR2b, and SDF‐1 (stromal cell‐derived factor 1) genes and susceptibility to infection by HIV‐1 were also studied.RESULTS: Significant differences in the production and plasma levels of β‐chemokines among the three groups were not detected. Lower IL‐2 and IFN‐γ production was observed in the uninfected exposed hemophiliacs than in the controls. Genetic analysis of CCR5, CCR2b, and SDF‐1 showed several polymorphisms associated with resistance in some HIV‐exposed uninfected hemophiliacs. However, these genetic features cannot explain the protection of all exposed hemophiliacs. In fact, only one patient, carrying two copies of CCR5 from which 32 bp was deleted, showed low CCR5 expression and low susceptibility to infection by a CCR5‐using HIV‐1 strain. In contrast, PBMNCs from all other individuals supported infection in vitro by both CCR5‐ and CXCR4‐using HIV‐1 strains.CONCLUSION: It is not possible to assign to β‐chemo‐kines and polymorphisms in chemokine receptors a central role in preventing HIV‐1 infection. Natural protection against HIV‐1 infection is likely to be due to a multiplicity of factors.
Immunomagnetic selection of CD34+ cells: factors influencing component purity and yield
Authors: Hildebrandt M. , Serke S. , Meyer O. , Ebell W. , Salama A. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: In immunomagnetic selection of CD34+ cells from HPC transplants, not all factors that affect yield and purity of CD34+ cells are known.METHODS: Forty‐three consecutive procedures of immunomagnetic selection of CD34+ cells from peripheral blood HPCs and bone marrow harvests (autologous harvests, n = 27; allogeneic harvests; n=16) were performed by use of a cell selection system (Isolex 300i, Baxter Immunotherapy). The composition of the starting component and the subsets of CD34+ cells were analyzed for correlation with the yield and purity of the final component.RESULTS: The mean purity of the final components was 84.3 percent (range, 27‐99%), and the mean yield was 51.4 percent (range, 9.4‐80.4%). Partial regression analysis showed that, among the factors correlating with purity and/or yield, the RBC volume in the starting fraction had the highest predictive impact on the purity and yield of CD34+ cells, even after the exclusion of procedures using bone marrow harvests as an HPC source (beta coefficient, –0.704; p = 0.001).CONCLUSION: The use of the Isolex 300i system allows efficient recovery of CD34+ cells in routine selection procedures. The volume of RBCs in the starting component should be minimized to ensure a high yield and purity of the final component.
Severe HDN due to anti‐Ce that required exchange tranfusion
Authors: Wagner T. , Resch B. , Legler T.J. , Mossier C. , Helmberg W. , Köhler M. , Lanzer G. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: Rh system antibodies are commonly encountered in blood bank practice as well as during pregnancy. Nevertheless, no examples of anti‐Ce (RH7) have been reported as a cause of HDN that requires exchange transfusion.CASE REPORT: A 38‐year‐old woman in her fourth pregnancy was typed as blood group O D+, C–, c+, E+, e–. Anti‐C and anti‐e were detected in her serum during a routine prenatal work‐up. Further evaluation, including flow cytometric analysis, revealed the presence of a strong anti‐Ce and a weak anti‐e. Her partner was typed as group A D+, C+, c–, E–, e+. A seemingly healthy male infant was delivered at 40 weeks of gestation. The infant's RBCs were typed as group O D–, C+, c+, E+, e+ with a positive DAT (titer 128). Twenty‐five hours after birth, the baby had to be transferred to the neonatal intensive care unit because of rapidly rising total serum bilirubin. Despite intensive treatment, including double phototherapy, albumin infusion, and the administration of furosemide and IVIG, the total serum bilirubin level increased during the following day and exchange transfusion with 2 units of type O D–, C–, c+, E+, e– had to be performed; this resulted in a prompt decrease in total serum bilirubin without relapse.CONCLUSION: Anti‐Ce caused severe HDN requiring exchange transfusion. This highlights the need for a close follow‐up throughout pregnancy if unexpected RBC antibodies are present, to permit the provision of compatible blood in case of a rare antibody.
Results of HCV screening of volunteer blood donors with a chemiluminescent immunoassay and a second‐ or third‐generation EIA: overlap of false‐positive reactivity and its impact on donor management
Authors: Kiely P. , Wilson D. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: This study reports the results of adopting a strategy of anti‐HCV testing of volunteer blood donors that uses a primary screening assay, two secondary EIAs (Anti‐HCV Version III, Murex; Monolisa Anti‐HCV New Antigens, Sanofi Pasteur), and a confirmatory immunoblot (HCV WB, Murex).STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A comparison was made of HCV test results from volunteer donors tested in two periods when different primary HCV screening assays were in use. The same two secondary screening assays and the same confirmatory test were used for the whole study. The two different primary assays were semi‐automated second‐ or third‐generation HCV EIA (Abbott Diagnostics) and an HCV chemiluminescent immunoassay (ChLIA), performed on a fully automated analyzer (PRISM, Abbott).RESULTS: During the period of use of the EIAs as primary screening assays, there were 60 donors per year who were confirmed as anti‐HCV‐positive, 29 who were classed as having indeterminate HCV serologic results, and 236 who were assessed as having biologically false‐positive anti‐HCV results. These numbers compared with 57, 52, and 320 such donors, respectively, in the first year of routine use of the ChLIA. The significant increase (p<0.05) in the number of anti‐HCV‐indeterminate donors after the introduction of the ChLIA was primarily due to an increase in donors who reacted on Monolisa HCV, but not an HCV Murex (expected 18/year vs. the observed 31/year, p<0.01).CONCLUSIONS: Compared to the second‐ or third‐generation HCV EIA, the HCV ChLIA has a significantly greater overlap of false reactivity with the Monolisa HCV assay. This finding has implications for the selection of primary and secondary assays for anti‐HCV screening of blood donors.
Comparison of plateletpheresis concentrates produced with Spectra LRS version 5.1 and LRS Turbo version 7.0 cell separators
Authors: Perseghin P. , Mascaretti L. , Riva M. , Sciorelli G. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: The importance of transfusing WBC‐reduced blood components is widely recognized, as it reduces the risk of alloimmunization and transfusion‐transmitted CMV infections. The latest generation of cell separators allows the collection of WBC‐reduced apheresis platelet concentrates (APCs).MATERIALS AND METHODS: Consecutive APCs (n = 232) were retrospectively evaluated: 163 collected with the Spectra LRS [leukocyte‐reduction system] Version 5.1 (Group A) and 69 with the LRS Turbo Version 7.0 (Group B) (both: COBE BCT). Donor peripheral blood count, procedure data, platelet yield, collection efficiency (CE), and residual WBC count in APCs were recorded.RESULTS: The platelet yield was higher in Group B than in Group A: 5.5 ± 1.4 versus 4.4 ± 1.1, p<0.0001; residual WBCs were <5 × 106 in 99.4 percent of Group A APCs and in 97.1 percent of Group B APCs. CE was higher in Group B than in Group A: 51.4 ± 8.7 versus 43.6 ± 6.3, p<0.0001. Moreover, a correlation between predonation platelet count and platelet yield was observed in both groups. A double product (platelet yield >6.0 × 1011) was obtained in 28.9 percent of Group B APCs and in 9.2 percent of Group A APCs.CONCLUSIONS: The Spectra LRS Turbo version 7.0 release showed a better CE and resulted in a higher platelet harvest than did the LRS version 5.1. High predonation platelet counts allow a higher platelet yield.
Evaluation of automated nucleic acid extraction devices for application in HCV NAT
Authors: Jongerius J.M. , Bovenhorst M. , Van Der Poel C.L. , Van Hilten J.A. , Kroes A.C.M. , Van Der Does J.A. , Van Leeuwen E.F. , Schuurman R. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: To further improve the safety of the blood supply, various national blood transfusion organizations presently use or are in the process of implementing routine HCV NAT in minipools. According to the Committee for Proprietary Medicinal Products (CPMP) of the European Union, the HCV NAT detection limit of the assay should be 100 IU per mL (270 geq/mL) for testing initial plasma pools. Paul Ehrlich Institute (PEI) regulations stipulate that 5000 IU per mL (13,500 geq/mL) must be detected to calculate the amount contributed by individual donations composing the minipool. The sensitivity for HCV RNA extraction achieved by three commercially available laboratory kits was compared.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Nucleic acids from 1‐in‐3 serial dilutions of an HCV RNA run control (Pelispy, CLB) were extracted with three kits (Cobas Amplicor, Roche Diagnostic Systems; BioRobot 9604, Qiagen; and NucliSens Extractor, Organon Teknika). HCV PCR of all extracts was performed using a second‐generation Cobas Amplicor HCV test and the Cobas Amplicor analyzer.RESULTS: The manual Cobas Amplicor, the BioRobot 9604, and the NucliSens Extractor setups allow a 95‐percent HCV RNA detection limit of 129, 82, and 12 geq per mL, respectively. The maximal pool size for the manual Cobas Amplicor, the BioRobot 9604, and the NucliSens Extractor kits that would still meet the PEI criteria for HCV NAT in minipools was calculated at 104, 164, and 1125 donations, respectively.CONCLUSION: All three HCV NAT kits evaluated meet the criteria set by CPMP and PEI. The highest sensitivity for HCV NAT screening can be achieved with the high‐volume NucliSens Extractor method in combination with the Cobas Amplicor HCV v2.0 test on the Cobas Amplicor analyzer.
Successful storage of RBCs for 9 weeks in a new additive solution
Authors: Hess J.R. , Rugg N. , Knapp A.D. , Gormas J.F. , Silberstein E.B. , Greenwalt T.J. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: This study explored the effect of storing packed RBCs suspended in 200 mL of an alkaline, hypotonic, experimental additive solution (EAS 61).STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Packed RBC units prepared from RBCs collected from healthy donors in CPD were stored for 8 (n = 10) and 9 (n = 10) weeks under blood bank conditions after the addition of 200 mL of EAS 61 (adenine, 2 mM; dextrose, 110 mM; mannitol, 55 mM; NaCl, 26 mM; Na2HPO4, 12 mM). Standard methods were used for in vitro assays. The 24‐hour in vivo autologous recoveries were measured with 51Cr.RESULTS: Mean ± SD recoveries at 8 and 9 weeks were 81 ± 7 and 77 ± 7 percent. After 9 weeks, the ATP of the RBCs was 81 percent of the initial value, hemolysis was 0.35 percent, supernatant potassium was 46 mEq per L, and the morphologic index was 94.1.CONCLUSION: Packed RBCs suspended in 200 mL of EAS 61 can be stored satisfactorily for 9 weeks. Longer RBC storage should reduce outdating, increase availability of transfusions in remote locations, and improve the efficiency of autologous donor programs.
Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia as a cause of early relapse of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: Niv Eva , Segev Amit , Ellis Martin H. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a multisystem disease characterized by the sudden onset of hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, fever, renal failure, and neurologic dysfunction, occurring in various combinations. The most effective treatment of TTP is plasma exchange and the administration of corticosteroids, which reduces mortality from the 90 percent seen in untreated patients to 10 percent.CASE REPORTS: Two patients responded favorably to plasma exchange and corticosteroid therapy, but their TTP relapsed during treatment. In both cases, the early relapse of TTP was associated with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia secondary to central line infection. Treatment of the infection and intensification of the plasma exchange regimen resulted in a sustained remission.CONCLUSION: Infection should be actively sought and treated in TTP patients who are refractory to treatment or in whom an exacerbation of the disease occurs while they are undergoing plasma exchange.
Elimination of both cell‐free and cell‐associated HIV infectivity in plasma by a filtration/methylene blue photoinactivation system
Authors: Abe Hideki , Yamada‐Ohnishi Yoshiko , Hirayama Junichi , Owada Takashi , Ikeda Hisami , Ikebuchi Kenji 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: Methylene blue phototreatment effectively inactivates cell‐free viruses in plasma while maintaining coagulation activities. However, this treatment is considered to be less effective for cell‐associated virus inactivation. This report describes a new virus elimination system designed to eliminate cell‐associated viruses with a cell‐removal filter followed by methylene blue photoinactivation of cell‐free viruses in plasma.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Fresh plasma was inoculated with HIV or HIV‐infected Molt4 cells (Molt4IIIB). The plasma was transferred to a bag containing methylene blue by passing it through a cell‐removal filter and was irradiated with white fluorescent light. HIV infectivity was detected by indirect fluorescence assay. In parallel studies, coagulation activities in identically treated plasma were measured during 1 year of storage at –80°C.RESULTS: Initial cell‐free HIV titer of 106.2 TCID50 per 0.1 mL dropped to 10–0.3 and <10–0.5 TCID50 per 0.1 mL after 10 or 20 J per cm2 radiation, respectively. Cellular components were not detectable in plasma after filtration. The cell‐free state of the plasma was ascertained from the observation that the DNase‐resistant β‐globin gene, as a marker of intact WBCs, was not detected in the filtrates by PCR. The infectivity of Molt4IIIB was reduced to below the detection limit after filtration and radiation, and proviral HIV DNA was not detected in the filtrates by PCR. Coagulation activities including factor VIII in the treated plasma were maintained at more than 76 percent compared with the percentage in untreated plasma after 1 year of storage.CONCLUSION: The filtration/methylene blue photoinactivation system eliminated both cell‐free and cell‐associated HIV infectivities from plasma while maintaining coagulation activities for 1 year at –80°C storage.
Human promyelocytic cell line: a convenient tool for studying the molecular basis of WBC filtration
Authors: Barbe Laurent , Boval Bernadette , Wautier Marie‐Paule , Wautier Jean‐Luc 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: Blood filtration is a technique widely used to reduce the levels of WBCs in blood components. Several studies have been conducted to define the factors that are involved in WBC reduction, but the various mechanisms are not clearly delineated. This study explored the role of WBC adhesion molecules in WBC reduction during filtration.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A minifilter has been developed that has properties similar to those of the standard filter (Sepacell, Asahi Medical) but that allows a smaller volume of blood to be used (15 mL). WBC reduction was achieved to a similar extent in the standard filter and the minifilter (4.15 log and 4.18 log, respectively). Samples of human promyelocytic cell line (HL60) were filtered before and after differentiation induced by vitamin D3 (D3‐HL60). Flow cytometry was used to characterize the D3‐HL60 filtrates and to count the WBCs after filtration.RESULTS: HL60 was retained in the filter to the same extent as all other WBCs. A higher level of integrin receptors (CD11b/CD18; CD11c/CD18) was expressed by D3‐HL60 than by HL60. When the blood was incubated with anti‐CD11b, anti‐CD11c, or anti‐CD18, fewer D3‐HL60 cells were trapped by the filter, while only anti‐CD11b alters HL60 retention in the filter.CONCLUSION: The receptors CD11b/CD18 and CD11c/CD18 appear to bind to the filter fibers and to be one of the mechanisms responsible for WBC retention.
Laboratory performance in HTLV‐I/II analysis
Authors: Williams Laurina O. , Blumer Sharon O. , Schalla William O. , Robinson Pamela H. , Handsfield James H. , Fehd Ronald J. , Hancock John S. , Lipman Harvey B. , Hearn Thomas L. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: Since 1989, the CDC's Model Performance Evaluation Program has shipped samples to voluntary participant laboratories that test for HTLV antibodies. Each laboratory tests the well‐characterized samples, reports the results, and provides information about its testing practices. The data from 15 performance survey periods are reported here.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Multiple logistic regression was used to analyze all data from 15 survey periods from 1989 through 1996.RESULTS: The mean analytic sensitivity for EIA was 99.2 percent per survey period (range, 96‐100%), the mean analytic specificity was 97.8 percent (75.6‐100%), and the overall accuracy was 88.8 percent (63.8‐100%). The mean analytic sensitivity for Western blot was 88.8 percent (75.6‐100%); the mean analytic specificity was 95.7 percent (86.7‐100%), and the overall accuracy was 91.1 percent (78.1‐100%).CONCLUSIONS: Statistical analyses suggested associations between performance and both the retroviral serologic status of the sample and the analytical testing method. Western blot accuracy was associated with weekly testing volume. In early survey periods, performance problems were noted in the analysis of samples from donors with concomitant HTLV and HIV infections and those from donors who were positive for HTLV‐II. Technological developments in test methods, such as the addition of recombinant antigens, appeared to have improved the laboratory performance of specific testing methods.
Spleen enlargement in healthy donors during G–CSF mobilization of PBPCs
Authors: Platzbecker Uwe , Prange‐Krex Gabriele , Bornhäuser Martin , Koch Rainer , Soucek Silke , Aikele Peter , Haack Astrid , Haag Cornelie , Schuler Ulrich , Berndt Anette , Rutt Claudia , Ehninger Gerhard , Hölig Kristina 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: Recombinant human G–CSF is widely used to mobilize PBPCs in healthy donors for allogeneic transplantation. There have been concerns about donor safety because of splenic ruptures during G–CSF application. To address this problem, changes in splenic size in 91 healthy donors during G–CSF mobilization of allogeneic PBPCs were investigated.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: For mobilization, G–CSF in a dosage of 7.5 μg per kg per day was administered for 5 days and PBPC collection started Day 5. Splenic size was determined by ultrasound before G–CSF application was started and on the day of the first apheresis.RESULTS: The mean increase in splenic length was 11 mm (range, 0‐28 mm; p<0.0001), whereas a mean increase of 5 mm in width (range, 0‐14 mm; p<0.0001) was measured. No major side effects could be observed. There was no significant correlation between the increase in splenic size and the hematologic values, or the age and body‐mass index. In a multivariant analysis, no independent risk factor for the development of a spleen enlargement over 19 mm in length and 9 mm in thickness was found in 20 percent of investigated donors.CONCLUSION: In this prospective trial, a significant spleen enlargement was observed in healthy donors during G–CSF mobilization of allogeneic PBPCs. Further investigations are needed to define the degree of spleen enlargement with higher G–CSF dosages to improve donor safety.
Absence of immunopathology associated with repeated IV administration of bovine Hb‐based oxygen carrier in dogs
Authors: Hamilton Robert G. , Kelly Nancy , Gawryl Maria S. , Rentko Virginia T. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: A Hb‐based oxygen carrier, HBOC‐301, is licensed by the FDA for use as a single‐dose product to treat anemia in canines. The objective of this study was to investigate the immunopathologic consequences of multiple doses of HBOC‐301.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: HBOC‐301 was administered intravenously at 1.3 g per kg (10 mL/kg) nine times over 50 weeks to each of eight splenectomized beagles. During interim weeks, HBOC‐301‐specific IgG antibody was quantified in serum by immunoassay. Immunofluorescence studies were performed on thin sections of control and test dog livers and kidneys to detect any IgG, IgM, IgA, or C3 deposition. Physiology (p50) studies evaluated the capacity of circulating HBOC‐301‐specific IgG antibody to competitively block the binding of oxygen to HBOC‐301.RESULTS: HBOC‐301‐specific IgG antibody was detected in seven of eight HBOC‐301‐treated dogs by Week 6. Peak antibody levels occurred by Week 10 (after the third dose). Immunofluorescence studies detected comparable IgG, IgA, IgM, or C3 deposition patterns in the kidneys and livers of both control and test dogs, which indicated no selective antibody‐mediated deposition from multiple HBOC‐301 administrations. Moreover, HBOC‐301‐specific IgG antibody in serum was unable to inhibit oxygen binding to the HBOC‐301 in vitro, which indicated that circulating antibody did not diminish the oxygen‐binding capacity of HBOC‐301.CONCLUSION: The immunologic, histologic, and physiologic data support the safety of multidose administration of HBOC‐301 in canines.