bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring Australian university students' and staff members' perspectives on an animal‐assisted intervention as a health promotion initiative on campus
Authors: Cooke Emily , Henderson‐Wilson Claire , Warner Elyse , LaMontagne Anthony D. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIssue AddressedThe university campus environment is unique and complex, with students and staff members experiencing increasing levels of stress and anxiety over time. One intervention being used internationally to alleviate stress and anxiety is an Animal Assisted Intervention (AAI). This research aimed to explore Australian university students' and staff members' perspectives on an AAI prior to implementation.MethodsThis study used an explanatory mixed methods approach. Student participants were recruited through posts on a university's subject sites and via social media. University staff member participants were recruited through emails from managers or department newsletters. Data were collected through an online anonymous survey and subsequent semi‐structured interviews. Quantitative data were analysed with SPSS and qualitative data were analysed via thematic analysis.ResultsData included 344 survey responses and 45 semi‐structured interviews. Survey responses indicated a large majority of participants believe an AAI could promote health on campus. This was due to the range of benefits participants felt an AAI could have on campus (such as reducing stress and anxiety, providing opportunities for a break from work or study, social benefits, and enhancing the university environment). In interviews, participants suggested an AAI could contribute towards a positive university environment and help promote other services on campus; provided it considers those not interested in participating.So What?If implemented sustainably, an AAI has potential to contribute towards a positive university environment for both staff and students, by potentially reducing the high rates of stress and anxiety the university community are currently experiencing. An AAI could also help to raise awareness of other health services on campus, further contributing towards promoting positive mental health and wellbeing.
Environmental management cycles for chemicals and climate change, EMC4: A new conceptual framework contextualizing climate and chemical risk assessment and management
Authors: Cains Mariana G. , Desrousseaux Alizée O. S. , Boxall Alistair B. A. , Molander Sverker , Molina‐Navarro Eugenio , Sussams Julia , Critto Andrea , Stahl Ralph G. , Rother Hanna‐Andrea 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe environmental management cycles for chemicals and climate change (EMC4) is a suggested conceptual framework for integrating climate change aspects into chemical risk management. The interaction of climate change and chemical risk brings together complex systems that are imperfectly understood by science. Making management decisions in this context is therefore difficult and often exacerbated by a lack of data. The consequences of poor decision‐making can be significant for both environmental and human health. This article reflects on the ways in which existing chemicals management systems consider climate change and proposes the EMC4 conceptual framework, which is a tool for decision‐makers operating at different spatial scales. Also presented are key questions raised by the tool to help the decision‐maker identify chemical risks from climate change, management options, and, importantly, the different types of actors that are instrumental in managing that risk. Case studies showing decision‐making at different spatial scales are also presented highlighting the conceptual framework's applicability to multiple scales. The United Nations Environment Programme's development of an intergovernmental Science Policy Panel on Chemicals and Waste has presented an opportunity to promote and generate research highlighting the impacts of chemicals and climate change interlinkages. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:433–453. © 2023 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
MiR‐29a mediates the apoptotic effects of TNF‐α on endothelial cells through inhibiting PI3K/AKT/BCL‐2 axis
Authors: Cao Yunchang , Wen Hongbo , Leng Chaoqun , Feng Shaolong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractEndothelial cell apoptosis driven by inflammation (TNF‐α) plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, but the exact molecular mechanisms are not clearly elucidated. MicroRNA (miR)‐29 families (a/b/c) take important roles in pathophysiological processes of atherosclerosis, also the underlying mechanisms have not been fully clarified. The aims are to explore whether or not miR‐29 families mediate the apoptotic effects of TNF‐α on endothelial cells and uncover the underlying molecular mechanisms. In this study, MTT assay and flow cytometer analysis were employed respectively to determine the proliferation and apoptosis of human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) under TNF‐α exposure. Real‐time quantitative PCR and western blot were performed to detect the levels of target RNAs and proteins/their phosphorylation in HUVECs. TNF‐α could inhibit HUVEC proliferation and induce HUVEC apoptosis in a positive dose‐ and time‐dependent manner, with a similar way of miR‐29a upregulation, but no effects on miR‐29b/c. Upregulation of miR‐29a with its mimics enhanced the apoptotic effect of TNF‐α on HUVECs, but downregulation of miR‐29a using anti‐miR‐29a blocked up its apoptotic effect. MiR‐29a inhibited the expression of PI3Kp85α and Bcl‐2 and blocked up the signal transduction of PI3K/AKT/Bcl‐2 axis to mediate the apoptotic effect of TNF‐α on HUVECs. Mediating the inflammation‐driven endothelial cell apoptosis is an important biology mechanism by which miR‐29a promotes atherosclerosis and its complications. MiR‐29a will be a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target for atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases; it is worthwhile to further study.
Synthesis of potential impurities of cloxacillin sodium drug substance
Authors: Venkateswara Rao Gollapalli , Pindi Santhosh R. , Hari Babu Bollikolla , Khandapu Bala Murali Krishna 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe present work describes the synthesis and characterization of six related compounds of cloxacillin sodium (1) viz penicilloic acid of cloxacillin (2), (3‐(2‐chlorophenyl)‐5‐methylisoxazole‐4‐carbonyl) glycine (Glycine analogue of cloxacillin) (3), CMICAA adduct of cloxacillin (4), (4S)‐2‐(carboxy(3‐(2‐chlorophenyl)‐5‐methylisoxazole‐4‐carboxamido) methyl)‐3‐(2‐ethylhexanoyl)‐5,5‐dimethylthiazolidine‐4‐carboxylic acid (N‐2‐ethylhexanoyl penicilloic acid of cloxacillin) (5), N‐Acetylated penicilloic acid of cloxacillin (6), and Cloxacillin Penicillamide (7). These related compounds are very essential in the process development of cloxacillin sodium and are used as reference standards to determine the quality of the drug substance.
Synthesis of nitro‐containing isoquinoline‐1,3‐diones with tert‐butyl nitrite
Authors: Ma Hongsheng , Yu Tongyan , You Siliang , Zhang Ming‐Zhi , Deng Chao 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAn efficient synthetic method for the nitro‐containing isoquinoline‐1,3‐diones has been achieved with tert‐butyl nitrite. This reaction features metal‐free, safety, simple operation and mild reaction conditions, which represents the first example of using stable and safe tert‐butyl nitrite as the nitro precursor for the synthesis of nitro‐containing isoquinoline‐1,3‐diones. Furthermore, both the control experiments and density functional theory calculations (DFT) have confirmed that the reaction was occurred through the radical reactions. In addition, the representative compounds 3a and 3i displayed potential good inhibitory activities for the plant height of rape and the compound 3a displayed potential promotion activity of the root length for barnyard grass.
Hantzsch‐like synthesis of isoquinolino[2,1‐a]quinoline‐12‐carbonitrile incorporating aryl or heteroaryl moieties at C‐13
Authors: Mohamed Teleb Mohamed A. , Hassaneen Hamdi M. , Abdelhamid Ismail A. , Saleh Fatma M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe synthesis of a new series of the tetracyclic 13‐arylisoquinolino[2,1‐a]quinoline‐12‐carbonitrile has been accomplished using a straightforward and efficient method. The novel compounds were obtained via the Hantzsch‐like reaction of varieties of aldehydes with 2‐(isoquinolin‐1‐yl)acetonitrile and dimedone. The structures of the novel compounds were verified using elemental and spectroscopic data.
Institutions and venture capital market development in sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Boateng Ebenezer , Owusu Junior Peterson , Gatsi John G. , Anokye Adam M. , Abeka Mac Junior , Asafo‐Adjei Emmanuel 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe investigate the critical interplay between economic institutions and political institutions and assess their influence on venture capital market development in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA). To address endogeneity concern in our model specification, the two‐step system generalised method of moments was employed on a sample of 34 SSA countries from 2007 to 2018. The findings reveal that strengthening disaggregated measures of economic institutions, comprising legal system and property rights, size of government, sound money, regulations, and freedom to trade internationally spur venture capital market development in SSA. Finally, the evidence indicates that political institutions condition the influence of economic institutions on venture capital market development. The implications for policy are further discussed.
Precipitation variability related to atmospheric circulation patterns over the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Lai Hui‐Wen , Chen Deliang , Chen Hans W. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPrecipitation is affected by intricate atmospheric dynamic and thermodynamic processes. Horizontal winds are frequently used to represent the dynamic component as winds play a critical role in transporting moisture. Previous studies on precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) focused on the influence of summer monsoons and westerlies in isolation. However, the collective seasonal dynamics and their combined effects on the precipitation distribution remain less explored. This study aims to determine the seasonal evolutions of the wind patterns and the associated regional precipitation patterns over the TP using a neural network approach and focuses on their interannual variability and long‐term trends. A self‐organizing map (SOM) was used to classify the wind patterns based on 500 hPa winds and related precipitation from the ERA5 reanalysis. The classified wind patterns show seasonal shifts between the Asian summer monsoon circulations and the westerlies along with the westerly jets migrating between the north and south of the TP from summer to winter. The locations of abundant precipitation during the winter and transition seasons are mainly associated with variations in the intensity and locations of the strong westerlies. There is a significant positive trend in the occurrences of the summer‐type wind pattern, which has likely led to a wetter TP, and an earlier‐ended winter and advanced spring wind patterns. The interannual variability of westerlies is highly related to the variability of precipitation in the western TP during its wet season (January–April). In the eastern TP, the interannual variability of the precipitation is linked to the wind patterns associated with the westerly jets to the south of the TP, while precipitation variability in the central TP is controlled by thermodynamic components. This study reveals the spatial precipitation distributions according to the different wind patterns and identifies the contributions from atmospheric components to the regional precipitation over the TP.
Influences of intraseasonal oscillations on a compound cold and wet event in southern China during the Spring Festival travel rush
Authors: Chuhan Lu , Yichen Shen , Yihan Wang , Fei Xin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn January 2023 during the Spring Festival travel rush, a compound cold and wet event (CCWE) hit southern China, causing heavy precipitation followed by two cold wave processes. Through an analysis from the intraseasonal oscillation (ISO) perspective, it was found that the cold event is caused by two consecutive cold events, in which upper level midlatitude ISO wave train propagating across the Eurasia favours the formation of blocking high, leading to the expansion of Siberian High and intensification of East Asian winter monsoon. As a result, strong cold advection appeared in the northern boundary of southern China and caused the cooling process. As for the wet event, it was found that a cyclonic ISO anomaly from South China Sea conveyed abundant moisture through the western and southern boundaries and caused the precipitation. It was revealed in the partial lateral forcing (PLF) experiment that the midlatitude ISO signal from the northern boundary caused minimum 2 m temperature to drop by 1.84°C, mainly affecting the northern part of the research area. The tropical ISO from the western and southern boundaries resulted in heavy precipitation for over 40 mm in a belt‐shaped area in 3 days. The combination of the ISOs is the key factor behind this CCWE and our study provides intuitive evidences for this, which is helpful in understanding the mechanisms and providing empirical precursory signals for the forecast of CCWEs.
Impact of endoplasmic reticulum stress on chondrocyte apoptosis in rat model of DDH
Authors: Nijiati Yaxier , Song Jun , Huang Peng , Wu Chunxing , Ma Ruixue , Ning Bo 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDevelopmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a developmental disorder characterized by acetabular dysplasia leading to early osteoarthritis. This study examines the role of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) in chondrocyte apoptosis and cartilage degeneration within a DDH model. In the rat model of DDH, created using a swaddling technique, significant deformities in the femoral head and acetabulum were observed, alongside an upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase‐13 in acetabular cartilage. We also noted increased levels of apoptosis and ERS‐related factors in the acetabular cartilage of DDH models. Additionally, rat chondrocytes exposed to high‐magnitude cyclic tensile strain (CTS, 1 Hz, 10% equibiaxial strain) in vitro exhibited elevated ERS and increased apoptosis. Importantly, treatment with the ERS inhibitor 4‐phenylbutyric acid effectively suppressed apoptosis induced by CTS in chondrocytes. Our findings suggest that ERS contributes to the upregulation of apoptosis‐related factors in chondrocytes within the DDH model, indicating the potential of ERS modulation as a therapeutic approach for DDH‐related cartilage degeneration.
Association between energy surplus and intensive care unit length of stay in critically ill patients: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Page Alexandria , Langan Anne , Wan Yize I. , McNelly Angela , Prowle John , Pearse Rupert , Puthucheary Zudin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundPatients experiencing persistent critical illness have poor short‐term and long‐term outcomes and consume disproportionate amounts of health care resources. Nutrition optimization may improve outcomes, though few data exist on resting energy expenditure and nutrition requirements. We hypothesized that increased energy surplus per day is associated with increased intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay (LoS) in critically ill patients.MethodsPatients from a single ICU at Royal London Hospital were included in this retrospective cohort study. Exposure: energy surplus measured by serial indirect calorimetry (IC) and nutrition intake. Inclusion criteria: mechanical ventilation of ≥3 days and expected to remain ventilated. Primary outcome: ICU LoS.ResultsAcross 30 patients (median LoS 21 days), increased ICU LoS was associated with actual daily energy intake surplus to resting energy expenditure (REE) (R2 0.16; P < 0.005). Median REE was less than predicted energy requirements: 24 kcal per day per kilogram of ideal body weight (IBW) (interquartile range [IQR], 20–28) vs 28 kcal/day/kg IBW (IQR, 26–29) (P < 0.001). Patients with COVID‐19 had a median energy surplus (actual intake‐ REE) + 344 kcal/day (IQR 35–517) vs −57 kcal/day (IQR −324 to 211) in other patients (P = 0.011); however, they had a median LoS of 44 days (IQR 26–58) vs 10 days (IQR 7–24), respectively (P < 0.001). Patients with obesity had a median energy deficit of −32 kcal/day (IQR −384 to 335) vs +234 kcal/day (IQR −79 to 499) for nonobese patients (P = 0.021).ConclusionOverfeeding represents an easily modifiable factor to improve outcomes in patients experiencing persistent critical illness, for which IC may be useful.
An analytical framework combining online high‐performance liquid chromatography methodologies and biological properties of different extracts of Leonurus cardiaca
Authors: Nilofar  , Eyupoglu Ozan Emre , Nazzaro Filomena , Fratianni Florinda , Ahmed Shakeel , Ferrante Claudio , Senkardes Ismail , Zengin Gokhan 
Published: December 2023

Little or no information is available concerning online high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) antioxidants and the antibiofilm effect of Leonurus cardiaca. Five distinct extractions of methanolic, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, hexane, and water were obtained from L. cardiaca. In the online‐HPLC‐antioxidant analysis of all examined samples, rosmarinic acid emerged as the primary antioxidant, registering concentrations ranging from 6 to 15 ppm at wavelengths of 517 and 734 nm. Notably, the water extract exhibited robust antioxidant activity In vitro. Regarding acetylcholinesterase and butrylcholinesterase inhibition, the n‐hexane extract exhibited superior inhibition with values of 3.08 and 5.83 galanthamine equivalent, respectively. Except for the water extract, all tested extracts (at a concentration of 20 μg/mL) exhibited substantial inhibitory activity against biofilm formation, in many cases superior to 80%, and reached even 94.52% against Escherichia coli. Although less vigorous, the extracts also acted against the mature biofilm (inhibition up 76.50% against Staphylococcus aureus). They could work against the metabolism inside an immature and mature biofilm, with inhibition percentages up to 93.18% (vs. Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and 76.50% (vs. Acinetobacter baumannii), respectively. Considering its significant antioxidants, enzyme inhibition, and antimicrobial activity, L. cardiaca emerges as a promising candidate for therapeutic potential.
Exploring the Potential of Wild Olive (Acebuche) Oil as a Pharm‐Food to Prevent Ocular Hypertension and Fibrotic Events in the Retina of Hypertensive Mice
Authors: Santana‐Garrido Álvaro , Reyes‐Goya Claudia , André Helder , Vázquez Carmen M. , Mate Alfonso 
Published: December 2023

ScopeOur laboratory has previously described the antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory potential of a wild olive (acebuche, ACE) oil against hypertension‐associated vascular retinopathies. The current study aims to analyze the antifibrotic effect of ACE oil on the retina of hypertensive mice.Methods and resultsMice are rendered hypertensive by administration of NG‐nitro‐L‐arginine‐methyl‐ester (L‐NAME) and simultaneously subjected to dietary supplementation with ACE oil or a reference extra virgin olive oil (EVOO). Intraocular pressure (IOP) is measured by rebound tonometry, and retinal vasculature/layers are analyzed by fundus fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography. Different fibrosis‐related parameters are analyzed in the retina and choroid of normotensive and hypertensive mice with or without oil supplementation. Besides preventing the alterations found in hypertensive animals, including increased IOP, reduced fluorescein signal, and altered retinal layer thickness, the ACE oil‐enriched diet improves collagen metabolism by regulating the expression of major fibrotic process modulators (matrix metalloproteinases, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases, connective tissue growth factor, and transforming growth factor beta family).ConclusionRegular consumption of EVOO and ACE oil (with better outcomes in the latter) might help reduce abnormally high IOP values in the context of hypertension‐related retinal damage, with significant reduction in the surrounding fibrotic process.
Acetolactate Decarboxylase as an Important Regulator of Intracellular Acidification, Morphological Features, and Antagonism Properties in the Probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri
Authors: Wang Xueqing , Chen Peng , Wang Jing , Wang Yu , Miao Yu , Wang Xinling , Li Qiulei , Zhang Xiaoli , Duan Jinyou 
Published: December 2023

ScoreThis study identifies the coding gene (aldB) of acetolactate decarboxylase (ALDC) as an important regulatory gene of the intracellular pH in Lactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri), uncovering the important role of ALDC in regulating intracellular pH, morphological features, and antagonism properties in the probiotic organism L. reuteri.Methods and ResultsThe aldB mutant (ΔaldB) of L. reuteri is established using the homologous recombination method. Compare to the wild‐type (WT) strain, the ΔaldB strain shows a smaller body size, grows more slowly, and contains more acid in the cell cytoplasm. The survival rate of the ΔaldB strain is much lower in low pH and simulated gastric fluid (SGF) than that of the WT strain, but higher in simulated intestinal fluid (SIF). The antagonism test demonstrates the ΔaldB strain can inhibit Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) and Salmonella more effectively than the WT strain. Additionally, there is a dramatic decrease in the adhesion rate of Salmonella to Caco‐2 and HT‐29 cells in the presence of the ΔaldB strain compared to the WT strain. Simultaneously analyze, the auto‐aggregation, co‐aggregation, cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH), hemolytic, temperature, NaCl, oxidative stress, and antibiotic susceptibility of the ΔaldB strain are consistent with the features of probiotics.ConclusionThis study highlights that the aldB gene plays a significant role in the growth and antibacterial properties of L. reuteri.
Feasibility of undersampled spiral trajectories in MREPT for fast conductivity imaging
Authors: Özdemir Safa , Ilicak Efe , Zapp Jascha , Schad Lothar R. , Zöllner Frank G. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPurposeTo investigate spiral‐based imaging including trajectories with undersampling as a fast and robust alternative for phase‐based magnetic resonance electrical properties tomography (MREPT) techniques.MethodsSpiral trajectories with various undersampling ratios were prescribed to acquire images from an experimental phantom and a healthy volunteer at 3T. The non‐Cartesian acquisitions were reconstructed using SPIRiT, and conductivity maps were derived using phase‐based cr‐MREPT. The resulting maps were compared between different sampling trajectories. Additionally, a conductivity map was obtained using a Cartesian balanced SSFP acquisition from the volunteer to comparatively demonstrate the robustness of the proposed method.ResultsThe phantom and volunteer results illustrate the benefits of the spiral acquisitions. Specifically, undersampled spiral acquisitions display improved robustness against field inhomogeneity artifacts and lowered SD values with shortened readout times. Furthermore, average of conductivity values measured for the cerebrospinal fluid with the spiral acquisitions were 1.703 S/m, indicating a close agreement with the theoretical values of 1.794 S/m.ConclusionA spiral‐based acquisition framework for conductivity imaging with and without undersampling is presented. Overall, spiral‐based acquisitions improved robustness against field inhomogeneity artifacts, while achieving whole head coverage with multiple averages in less than a minute.