bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coding techniques for diversity enhancement of dense wavelength division multiplexing MIMO‐FSO fault protection protocols systems over atmospheric turbulence channels
Authors: Elsayed Ebrahim E. , Hayal Mohammed R. , Nurhidayat Irfan , Shah Mohd Asif , Elfikky Abdelrahman , Boghdady Ayman I. , Juraev Davron Aslonqulovich , Morsy M. A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAn enhanced transmission is presented in a multiple‐input‐multiple‐output (MIMO) dense‐wavelength division multiplexed (DWDM) free‐space‐optical (FSO) communication link using diversity coding techniques under the effect of turbulent weather phenomenon. The findings show good performance with an (8 channels × 2.5 Gbps data rate/channel) 20 Gbps 1500 m transmission distance. The bit‐error‐rate (BER), outage probability (OP), and signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) of the diversity combining techniques using maximum‐ratio combining (MRC), selection combining (SC), and equal‐gain combining (EGC) technique are evaluated in this work. The obtained results illustrate that Alamouti, space‐time coding (STC), space‐time block coding (STBC), space‐time trellis code (STTC), orthogonal STBC (O‐STBC), and quasi‐orthogonal STBC (QO‐STBC) on the minimum mean‐square‐error, and MRC are worth implementing on the DWDM‐FSO wireless communication systems. The mitigation of atmospheric turbulence is achieved using MIMO diversity combining techniques coding. The simulation results for diversity coding techniques using QO‐STBC/STTC and SC/MRC in the MIMO‐DWDM FSO communication system can improve BER performance, OP, and SNR. The MRC exhibits the lowest OP and BER when compared with the SC and EGC. The numerical results demonstrate that the FSO communication link using DWDM QO‐STBC/STTC improves the power penalty at both BER values under varying atmospheric turbulence conditions for ST, MT, and WT, in comparison to FSO systems without DWDM QO‐STBC/STTC diversity coding techniques.
Primary side control strategies for battery charging regulation in wireless power transfer systems for EV applications
Authors: Vinod Marupuru , Kishan Dharavath , Kannan Ramani , Iqbal Atif , Mohammed Sulthan Sheik 
Published: February 2024

AbstractResonant inductive‐based wireless power transfer (WPT) for battery charging has potential applications in electric vehicles (EVs). The EV battery charging process requires the regulation of both charging voltage and current. Duty ratio or frequency control is generally preferred to manage the power flow between the transmitter and receiver coils in the WPT system. In the case of WPT charging, misalignment between the coils and parameter variations are unavoidable issues that result in changes to the output power. Therefore, it is essential to control the power flow to maintain constant current (CC) and constant voltage (CV) modes during battery charging. To address these challenges, various primary‐side control techniques, such as asymmetric clamped mode (ACM), asymmetric duty cycle (ADC), and phase‐shift (PS) fixed frequency control strategies, have been proposed for WPT systems. This paper conducts a comparative analysis of these control methods, considering their output voltage ranges and their ability to maintain zero‐voltage switching (ZVS) for the entire control range. Furthermore, the paper presents a generalized design for reduced‐order small signal modelling, utilizing an extended describing function. The designed controller, based on small signal modelling, will undergo real‐time testing to evaluate its dynamic performance in the series‐series resonant converter.
Robust resilience enhancement strategy for gas‐electricity integrated energy system considering multiple reinforcement levels
Authors: Zhou Shichao , Luo Shuhan , Wang Lingling , Jiang Chuanwen , Xiong Zhan , Gu Jiu , Zhang Ke 
Published: February 2024

AbstractNatural disasters are extreme events with low probability but strong destructive ability, which have a serious impact on the power system. The gas‐electricity integrated energy system is more likely to be affected by natural disasters due to its complex multi‐energy coupling characteristic. In order to improve the resilience of the gas‐electricity integrated energy system under natural disasters, this paper proposes a three‐layer defence‐attack‐defence robust resilience improvement model with the objective of minimizing the load loss in the gas‐electricity integrated energy system. Firstly, in order to cope with various levels of disaster and improve the economy of line/pipeline reinforcement in the gas‐electricity integrated energy system, a multi‐level line/pipeline reinforcement model is proposed on the basis of load weight in the upper layer. Then, information entropy is introduced to represent the impact of natural disasters in the middle layer. Based on the operation constraints of the gas‐electricity integrated energy system, the optimal allocation of the mobile electricity storage and liquefied gas storage is established in the lower layer. The three‐layer resilience improvement model is solved by the nested column and constraint generation algorithm. Finally, the case study proves the feasibility of the model and the effectiveness of the solution method.
An integrated methodology for significant wave height forecasting based on multi‐strategy random weighted grey wolf optimizer with swarm intelligence
Authors: Dokur Emrah , Erdogan Nuh , Salari Mahdi Ebrahimi , Yuzgec Ugur , Murphy Jimmy 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWhile wave energy is regarded as one of the prominent renewable energy resources to diversify global low‐carbon generation capacity, operational reliability is the main impediment to the wide deployment of the related technology. Current experience in wave energy systems demonstrates that operation and maintenance costs are dominant in their cost structure due to unplanned maintenance resulting in energy production loss. Accurate and high performance simulation forecasting tools are required to improve the efficiency and safety of wave converters. This paper proposes a new methodology for significant wave height forecasting. It is based on incorporating swarm decomposition (SWD) and multi‐strategy random weighted grey wolf optimizer (MsRwGWO) into a multi‐layer perceptron (MLP) forecasting model. This approach takes advantage of the SWD approach to generate more stable, stationary, and regular patterns of the original signal, while the MsRwGWO optimizes the MLP model parameters efficiently. As such, forecasting accuracy has improved. Real wave datasets from three buoys in the North Atlantic Sea are used to test and validate the forecasting performance of the proposed model. Furthermore, the performance is evaluated through a comparison analysis against deep‐learning based state‐of‐the‐art forecasting models. The results show that the proposed approach significantly enhances the model's accuracy.
Non-thermal emission in M31 and M33
Authors: Persic Massimo , Rephaeli Yoel , Rando Riccardo 
Published: February 2024

Context.Spiral galaxies M31 and M33 are among theγ-ray sources detected by theFermiLarge Area Telescope (LAT).Aims.We aim to model the broadband non-thermal emission of the central region of M31 (a LAT point source) and of the disk of M33 (a LAT extended source), as part of our continued survey of non-thermal properties of local galaxies that includes the Magellanic Clouds.Methods.We analysed the observed emission from the central region of M31 (R < 5.5 kpc) and the disk-sized emission from M33 (R ∼ 9 kpc). For each galaxy, we self-consistently modelled the broadband spectral energy distribution of the diffuse non-thermal emission based on published radio andγ-ray data. All relevant radiative processes involving relativistic and thermal electrons (synchrotron, Compton scattering, bremsstrahlung, and free–free emission and absorption), along with relativistic protons (π0decay following interaction with thermal protons), were considered, using exact emissivity formulae. We also used theFermi-LAT-validatedγ-ray emissivities for pulsars.Results.Joint spectral analyses of the emission from the central region of M31 and the extended disk of M33 indicate that the radio emission is composed of both primary and secondary electron synchrotron and thermal bremsstrahlung, whereas theγ-ray emission may be explained as a combination of diffuse pionic, pulsar, and nuclear-BH-related emissions in M31 and plain diffuse pionic emission (with an average proton energy density of 0.5 eV cm−3) in M33.Conclusions.The observedγ-ray emission from M33 appears to be mainly hadronic. This situation is similar to other local galaxies, namely, the Magellanic Clouds. In contrast, we have found suggestions of a more complex situation in the central region of M31, whose emission could be an admixture of pulsar emission and hadronic emission, with the latter possibly originating from both the disk and the vicinity of the nuclear black hole. The alternative modelling of the spectra of M31 and M33 is motivated by the different hydrogen distribution in the two galaxies: The hydrogen deficiency in the central region of M31 partially unveils emissions from the nuclear BH and the pulsar population in the bulge and inner disk. If this were to be the case in M33 as well, these emissions would be outshined by diffuse pionic emission originating within the flat central-peak gas distribution in M33.
Stellar companions and Jupiter-like planets in young associations
Authors: Gratton R. , Bonavita M. , Mesa D. , Desidera S. , Zurlo A. , Marino S. , D’Orazi V. , Rigliaco E. , Nascimbeni V. , Barbato D. , Columba G. , Squicciarini V. 
Published: February 2024

Context. The formation mechanisms of stellar, brown dwarf, and planetary companions, their dependencies on the environment and their interactions with each other are still not well established. Recently, combining high-contrast imaging and space astrometry we found that Jupiter-like (JL) planets are frequent in the β Pic moving group (BPMG) around those stars where their orbit can be stable, prompting further analysis and discussion.
Aims. We broaden our previous analysis to other young nearby associations to determine the frequency, mass and separation of companions in general and JL in particular and their dependencies on the mass and age of the associations.
Methods. We collected available data about companions to the stars in the BPMG and seven additional young associations, including those revealed by visual observations, eclipses, spectroscopy and astrometry.
Results. We determined search completeness and found that it is very high for stellar companions, while completeness corrections are still large for JL companions. Once these corrections are included, we found a high frequency of companions, both stellar (>0.52 ± 0.03) and JL (0.57 ± 0.11). The two populations are clearly separated by a gap that corresponds to the well-known brown dwarf desert. Within the population of massive companions, we found clear trends in frequency, separation, and mass ratios with stellar mass. Planetary companions pile up in the region just outside the ice line and we found them to be frequent once completeness was considered. The frequency of JL planets decreases with the overall mass and possibly the age of the association.
Conclusions. We tentatively identify the two populations as due to disk fragmentation and core accretion, respectively. The distributions of stellar companions with a semi-major axis <1000 au is indeed well reproduced by a simple model of formation by disk fragmentation. The observed trends with stellar mass can be explained by a shorter but much more intense phase of accretion onto the disk of massive stars and by a more steady and prolonged accretion on solar-type stars. Possible explanations for the trends in the population of JL planets with association mass and age are briefly discussed.
Primary Extracranial Meningiomas of the Sinonasal Tract: A Systematic Review
Authors: Goh Xin L. , Chee Justin Rui Tzen , Tham Alex C. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background Primary extracranial meningiomas (PEMs) of the sinonasal tract with no intracranial extension are rare. Our study presents the largest systematic review to date, providing a comprehensive overview and comparison of the characteristics, treatment, and prognosis of PEMs, with comparison to primary intracranial meningiomas (PIMs).
Methods A systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines on PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar up to November 1, 2022. A total of 70 documented cases from 64 articles were included. Data analysis was performed to compare low-grade (World Health Organization [WHO] Grade I) and high-grade (Grade II, III) PEMs.
Results Majority of patients were symptomatic with nasal symptoms (72.1%), followed by eye symptoms (41.2%) and facial swellings (41.2%). The nasal cavity was the most commonly affected site (70.0%). Most tumors were WHO Grade 1 (87.5%) with meningothelial histological subtype. PEMs have a predilection for involvement of surrounding structures, with more than half reporting erosion of sinonasal walls or orbital involvement (64.3%). Despite so, PEMs have a favorable prognosis, with high survival rates (95.3%) and low rate of recurrence (8.5%). Mainstay of treatment is surgical resection (98.6%). A total of 69/70 cases (98.6%) underwent surgical resection.
Conclusions There are no clear defining clinical features of PEMs; hence, it is imperative for clinicians to prioritize histological diagnosis to guide further management. A conclusive diagnosis of PEMs, i.e., exclusion of PIMs, requires imaging and potential intraoperative assessment. Its prognosis is likely dependent on both WHO grading and the ability to achieve complete surgical extirpation. Endoscopic resection is recommended even in high-grade PEMs for localized and resectable disease. Radiotherapy may be reserved for unresectable or recurrent tumors as salvage therapy.
Incidence of Velopharyngeal Insufficiency after Primary Cleft Palate Repair: A 27-Year Assessment of One Surgeon's Experience
Authors: Jung Chan Woo , Seo Hyung Joon , Choi Ye Seul , Bae Yong Chan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background Velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) is a major complication of cleft palate repair. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence and predictive factors of VPI after cleft palate repair based on 27 years of one surgeon's experience.
Methods Medical records were retrospectively reviewed for 652 patients who underwent cleft palate repair between 1995 and 2021. After exclusion of those with other syndromes or developmental disorders, the study included 374 patients with sufficient follow-up until the age of 4 years, when language evaluation was possible. VPI status was categorized through subjective and objective tests into normal, VPI, and borderline. We analyzed potential differences in VPI incidence by multiple factors. Factors with significance were analyzed to confirm the relationships between subvariables.
Results Of the 374 patients, 311 (83.2%) exhibited normal pronunciation, 51 (13.6%) had VPI, and 12 (3.2%) were borderline. Primary cleft palate repair performed after 18 months was associated with a higher incidence of VPI than repair conducted before 18 months (p = 0.005). The incidence of VPI was higher in cases of submucous cleft palate than in the other types based on the Veau classification (p = 0.011). However, in the multivariable analysis, only the submucous type showed statistically significant results (p = 0.026).
Conclusion A total of 374 people underwent primary cleft palate repair, and 13.6% of those with VPI required secondary therapy. The incidence of VPI was relatively high among patients with primary cleft palate repair after 18 months and patients with submucous cleft palate.
Using 3D Bioprinted Autologous Minimally Manipulated Homologous Adipose Tissue for Limb Salvage in Treating Diabetic Foot Ulcer
Authors: Yoon Hyeon Min , Song Woo Jin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractReconstructive surgeons face challenges when considering limb salvage methods for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). In this article, we present our experience with autologous fat grafting as a viable alternative in cases where flap reconstruction is difficult. We encountered a 78-year-old female patient with a nonhealing DFU who had multiple comorbidities, including renal failure and severe peripheral arterial disease. During the initial multidisciplinary meeting, due to extensive necrosis and osteomyelitis, amputation was recommended. However, the patient expressed a strong preference for a salvage procedure and refused amputation. After careful consideration, we opted to reconstruct the patient's foot using three-dimensional bioprinted autologous minimally manipulated homologous adipose tissue. The AMHAT was engrafted well without complications such as autolysis, graft failure, or infection. After the operation, the large defect with partial bone exposure was covered with healthy granulation tissue. The size of the wound decreased to less than half its original size after 6 weeks of surgery, and it decreased to less than 25% after 12 weeks of surgery. The AMHAT may be an appealing treatment option for diabetic foot patients who are unsuitable for flap reconstruction due to comorbidities.
Smooth versus Textured Tissue Expanders: Comparison of Outcomes and Complications in 536 Implants
Authors: Allam Omar , Dinis Jacob , Almeida Mariana N. , Junn Alexandra , Mozaffari Mohammad Ali , Shah Rema , Chong Lauren , Olawoyin Olamide , Mehta Sumarth , Park Kitae Eric , Avraham Tomer , Alperovich Michael 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background Increasing concerns regarding the safety of textured surface implants have resulted in surgeons transitioning from textured tissue expanders (TEs) to smooth TEs. Given this change has only recently occurred, this study evaluated outcomes between smooth and textured TEs.
Methods Women who underwent two-stage breast reconstruction using TEs from 2013 to 2022 were included. TE-specific variables, perioperative information, pain scores, and complications were collected. Chi-squared, t-test, and linear regression analyses were performed.
Results A total of 320 patients received a total of 384 textured and 152 smooth TEs. Note that 216 patients received bilateral reconstruction. TEs were removed in 9 cases. No significant differences existed between groups regarding comorbidities. Smooth TEs had a higher proportion of prepectoral placement (p < 0.001). Smooth TEs had less fills (3 ± 1 vs. 4 ± 2, p < 0.001), shorter expansion periods (60 ± 44 vs. 90 ± 77 days, p < 0.001), smaller expander fill volumes (390 ± 168 vs. 478 ± 177 mL, p < 0.001), and shorter time to exchange (80 ± 43 vs. 104 ± 39 days, p < 0.001). Complication rates between textured and smooth TEs were comparable. Smooth TE had a greater proportion of TE replacements (p = 0.030). On regression analysis, pain scores were more closely associated with age (p = 0.018) and TE texture (p = 0.046). Additional procedures at time of TE exchange (p < 0.001) and textured TE (p = 0.017) led to longer operative times.
Conclusion As many surgeons have transitioned away from textured implants, our study shows that smooth TEs have similar outcomes to the textured alternatives.
18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Uptake in Bilateral Diaphragmatic Crura: A Relatively Uncommon Benign Variant Noted in a Treated Case of Extraosseous Paraspinal Ewing's Sarcoma
Authors: Baberwal Parth , Sonavane Sunita N. , Basu Sandip 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA toddler was diagnosed with extraosseous Ewing's sarcoma, primary large epidural paraspinal soft tissue in the lumbar region encasing the cord and neural foramen from D12–L1 to L4–L5. After eight cycles of induction chemotherapy with vincristine, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide alternating with etoposide and ifosfamide, 18F-FDG positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG-PET/CT) scan confirmed no active disease. Later external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) at D10–L5 was completed. At 3 months follow-up, 18F-FDG-PET/CT reconfirmed no residual/active disease; however, a new incidental finding of diffuse benign bilateral diaphragmatic 18F-FDG uptake was noted in the clinically asymptomatic patient, which remained unexplained.
Plastic Surgeon versus Orthopedic Surgeon: Where Would You go for Your Hand Injury? A Cross-Sectional Study in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alnaim Muna F. , AlRabiah Nouf M. , Kaabi Hanan Ahmed M Al , Zogel Basem , Alfaifi Samar , AlMssallem Nora Ibrahim , Dafer Bassmh A. Al 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background Hand surgery has become a well-established medical specialty in recent years, with many highly trained hand surgeons practicing in various cities throughout Saudi Arabia. It is crucial to assess the public's knowledge and awareness regarding hand surgery specialists and to identify the existence of bias in the public's perception of plastic and Orthopedic surgeons.
Methods A self-administered questionnaire was designed and disseminated to adults in Saudi Arabia via Google Forms. The questionnaire addressed participants' knowledge about which type of surgeon they would consult for various hand-related issues.
Results A total of 716 participants were surveyed. Most believed Orthopedic surgeons were more qualified for hand surgeries than plastic surgeons. Furthermore, the public seemed to feel safer with Orthopedic surgeons regarding complications. There was a misconception regarding plastic surgeons' qualifications, with only 24.4% recognizing that all plastic surgeons could perform hand surgery. The majority also held misconceptions regarding Orthopedic surgeons' qualifications for hand surgery. Gender and educational level influenced the responses, with females and those with bachelor's degrees or higher showing slightly more knowledge.
Conclusion There is a need for increased public awareness and education regarding the qualifications and capabilities of both plastic and Orthopedic surgeons in hand surgeries. Both specialties are well-trained and competent in this area, and the choice should be based on the specific needs and circumstances of the patient.
Explainable artificial intelligence-based evidential inferencing on process faults in plasma etching
Authors: Choi Jeong Eun , An Surin , Lee Younji , Lee Yongil , Kim Dohyun , Hong Sang Jeen 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The fault detection and classification (FDC) modeling proposed in this study is a research approach that is intended to improve the performance of plasma process models by leveraging optical emission spectroscopy (OES) data containing plasma information (PI) and enhancing model interpretability using explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) algorithms. Status variable identification data that included normal and abnormal states of bias power, pressure, SF6 gas flow, and O2 gas flow were collected during a silicon etching process with SF6, O2 gas plasma. Additional variables were derived from the OES data and included additional PI, such as O and F radicals, which were computed using actinometry, and electron temperature and electron density computed using the line ratio method. By building a high-performance FDC model and interpreting its results using XAI algorithms, we propose solutions to the limitations of the FDC model in semiconductor plasma processes.