bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coping with COVID-19 lockdown: a qualitative study of older adults in alcohol treatment
Authors: Trevena Paulina , Seddon Jennifer , Elliott Lawrie , Wadd Sarah , Dutton Maureen 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The COVID-19 global pandemic had a major impact on older people's mental health and resulted in changes in alcohol use, with more older adults increasing than decreasing consumption levels among the general population. So far, no studies have focused on older people who were already experiencing problem alcohol use. This qualitative research is the first to provide a nuanced understanding of changes to drinking patterns among older adults engaged in alcohol treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the implications of these for practice. We conducted 30 semi-structured interviews with people in alcohol treatment aged 55+ living in urban and rural areas across the UK. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. We found that changes in alcohol use varied depending on the social, economic and health impacts of the pandemic on older adults. Boredom, lack of adequate medical or emotional support, and key life changes experienced during the pandemic (such as bereavement or retirement) increased the risk of increased drinking. Moreover, some people in longer-term alcohol treatment were struggling to maintain abstinence due to lack of face-to-face peer support. For others, decreased drinking levels were a side-effect of lockdown policies and restrictions, such as alcohol-related hospitalisations, closure of social spaces or inability to source alcohol; these also supported those who decided to cut down on drinking shortly before the pandemic. Generally, older adults who developed home-based interests and self-care practices managed lockdown best, maintaining abstinence or lower risk drinking levels. Based on these results, we argue that multilevel interventions aimed at strengthening resilience are required to reduce drinking or maintain abstinence among older adults. Such interventions should address three domains: individual (coping strategies and mindset), social (support networks), and structural (access to resources). In preparation for supporting older alcohol users through prospective future pandemics, building digital literacy and inclusion are essential.
A Christmas Eve Murder and the Notorious Georges: Community Identity in Northern British Columbia, 1913/14
Authors: Swainger Jonathan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBased upon archival and newspaper sources, this article explores the relationship between the notoriety of South Fort George, Fort George, and Prince George (the Georges) in British Columbia's northern interior, and the sense of self and place for residents on the eve of World War I. The investigation of Harry Porters’ Christmas Eve murder glimpses gender, class, and ethnic sensibilities linking the region with the rest of the province and nation, along with the British Columbia Provincial Police force's reliance on peace keeping in an era that was beginning to reassess what professional policing might entail. The result demonstrates that while the Georges imagined themselves as resting on the periphery of the white settlement frontier, the evidence indicates that in seeking acceptance by opinion leaders elsewhere in the nation, locally self-identified respectable people eagerly embraced the norms of post-Edwardian Canada. That the Georges tawdry reputation persists into the early twenty-first century suggests that the resilience of this notoriety reflects forces at play well-beyond British Columbia's northern interior. Framed in this fashion, the Christmas Eve murder sheds light on the legacies of reputation on the white settlement frontier, the influence of gender, class, and ethnicity in the construction of crime, and the evolution of professional policing.
In Pursuit of Freedom: Oaths, Slave Agency, and the Abolition of Slavery in Western Tanzania, 1905–1930
Authors: Nyanto Salvatory S. , Becker Felicitas M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis article examines ways in which slaves and missionaries used public declarations before witnesses to carve out a distinctive space of legal proceedings in pursuit of emancipation in western Tanzania. This way of pursuing emancipation shows slaves deploying their intellectual creativity and cultural knowledge to shape the German and British colonial legal systems. Interviews provide evidence that these public declarations drew on long-standing practices of oathing in western Tanzanian societies, while administrative sources indicate that oaths had been used in Islamic legal practice. Both mission and administrative sources show that these public declarations became a fairly routine means to facilitate slave emancipation between about 1907 and the 1920s. They were seen as legitimate by both (ex)owners and (ex)slaves, and were welcomed by officials as they mitigated tensions between owners and slaves, and between slave owners and missions. This legal practice was not codified in either the gradualist German-era laws on slavery or the more proactive abolitionist laws enacted by the British. It was a bottom-up innovation, developed in a context in which effective emancipation depended on drawn-out struggles and negotiations over personal autonomy and malleable social norms.
The fully parabolic multi-species chemotaxis system in
Authors: Lin Ke 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis article is devoted to the analysis of the parabolic–parabolic chemotaxis system with multi-components over
$\mathbb{R}^2$
. The optimal small initial condition on the global existence of solutions for multi-species chemotaxis model in the fully parabolic situation had not been attained as far as the author knows. In this paper, we prove that under the sub-critical mass condition, any solutions to conflict-free system exist globally. Moreover, the global existence of solutions to system with strong self-repelling effect has been discussed even for large initial data. The proof is based on the modified free energy functional and the Moser–Trudinger inequality for system.
Harmonising dietary datasets for global surveillance: methods and findings from the Global Dietary Database
Authors: Karageorgou Dimitra , Lara Castor Laura , Padula de Quadros Victoria , Ferreira de Sousa Rita , Holmes Bridget Anna , Ioannidou Sofia , Mozaffarian Dariush , Micha Renata 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective:
The Global Dietary Database (GDD) expanded its previous methods to harmonise and publicly disseminate individual-level dietary data from nutrition surveys worldwide.

Design:
Analysis of cross-sectional data.

Setting:
Global.

Participants:
General population.

Methods:
Comprehensive methods to streamline the harmonisation of primary, individual-level 24-h recall and food record data worldwide were developed. To standardise the varying food descriptions, FoodEx2 was used, a highly detailed food classification and description system developed and adapted for international use by European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). Standardised processes were developed to: identify eligible surveys; contact data owners; screen surveys for inclusion; harmonise data structure, variable definition and unit and food characterisation; perform data checks and publicly disseminate the harmonised datasets. The GDD joined forces with FAO and EFSA, given the shared goal of harmonising individual-level dietary data worldwide.

Results:
Of 1500 dietary surveys identified, 600 met the eligibility criteria, and 156 were prioritised and contacted; fifty-five surveys were included for harmonisation and, ultimately, fifty two were harmonised. The included surveys were primarily nationally representative (59 %); included high- (39 %), upper-middle (21 %), lower-middle (27 %) and low- (13 %) income countries; usually collected multiple recalls/ records (64 %) and largely captured both sexes, all ages and both rural and urban areas. Surveys from low- and lower-middle v. high- and upper-middle income countries reported fewer nutrients (median 17 v. 30) and rarely included nutrients relevant to diet-related chronic diseases, such as n-3 fatty acids and Na.

Conclusions:
Diverse 24-h recalls/records can be harmonised to provide highly granular, standardised data, supporting nutrition programming, research and capacity development worldwide.
From Bad Student to Transnational Activist: Netiwit Chotiphatphaisal and Transnational Activism in Northeast and Southeast Asia
Authors: Phattharathanasut Tuwanont 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis study explores and understands transnational activism in Asia, specifically focusing on the crucial role played by individuals, particularly Thai youth activist Netiwit Chotiphatphaisal, in shaping and constructing transnational networks and relations. The study argues that the networks individuals establish with other transnational actors serve as the primary source of inspiration for other individuals to engage in transnational activism. These networks are rooted in everyday life interactions in the era of globalisation, with activism reflecting this embeddedness and interconnectedness. The case study of Netiwit demonstrates how connections between Thai activists and activists in Hong Kong and Taiwan stem from the increased mobility of individuals in the globalised world, facilitating physical interactions. By analysing this dynamic, the study aims to offer a more nuanced explanation of transnational activism, the movement of knowledge, and the concept of globalisation in Asia.
Land and Atmosphere Precursors to Fuel Loading, Wildfire Ignition and Post‐Fire Recovery
Authors: Alizadeh Mohammad Reza , Adamowski Jan , Entekhabi Dara 
Published: January 2024

AbstractLand surface‐atmosphere coupling and soil moisture memory are shown to combine into a distinct temporal pattern for wildfire incidents across the western United States. We investigate the dynamic interplay of observed soil moisture, vegetation water content, and atmospheric dryness in relation to fuel loading, fire ignition and post‐fire recovery. We find that positive soil moisture anomalies around 5 months before fire ignition increase biomass growth in the subsequent months, thereby shaping fire‐prone vegetation conditions. Then, concurrent decrease in soil moisture, vegetation dehydration, and atmospheric dryness collectively contribute to the occurrence of fire ignition events. This is followed by a rapid recovery in both soil and atmospheric moisture within several weeks after the fire incidents. Our findings provide insights into understanding of wildfire ignition dynamics, supporting fire modeling and enabling improved fire predictions, early warning systems, and mitigation strategies.
Low Vp/VsValues as an Indicator for Fractures in the Critical Zone
Authors: Flinchum B. A. , Grana D. , Carr B. J. , Ravichandran N. , Eppinger B. , Holbrook W. S. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPoisson's ratio for earth materials is usually assumed to be positive (Vp/Vs > 1.4). However, this assumption may not be valid in the critical zone because near Earth's surface effective pressures are low (<1 MPa), porosity has a wide range (0%–60%), there are significant texture changes (e.g., unconsolidated vs. fractured media), and saturation ranges from 0% to 100%. We present P‐wave (Vp) and S‐wave (Vs) velocities from seismic refraction profiles collected in weathered crystalline environments in South Carolina and Wyoming. Our data show that ∼20% of the subsurface has negative Poisson's ratios (Vp/Vsvalues < 1.4), a conclusion supported by borehole sonic logs. The low Vp/Vsvalues are confined to the fractured bedrock and saprolite. Our data support the hypothesis that weathering‐generated microcracks can produce a negative Poisson's ratio and that Vp/Vsvalues can thus provide insight into important critical zone weathering processes.
Volcanic Eruption Triggers a Rare Meteotsunami in the Indian Ocean
Authors: Anup N. , Rohith B. , Vijith V. , Rose L. , Sreeraj P. , Sabu A. , Krishnamohan K. S. , Sudeepkumar B. L. , Sunil A. S. , Sunil P. S. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis study presents the observation and evaluation of a meteotsunami in the Indian Ocean triggered by the Hunga‐Tonga volcanic eruption. The event was detected through tide gauges and bottom‐pressure recordings across the Indian Ocean, with an amplitude of 10–15 cm, lasting for a few days. A numerical model was used to understand the ocean's response to meteotsunami and evaluate the dynamics behind it. The model results show that the sea‐level oscillations result from the ocean waves generated by a propagating Lamb wave. In addition to interaction with bathymetry, refracted and reflected waves also determine the sea‐level variability. Our analysis shows that bathymetric slope plays a vital role in near‐shore processes. The spectral and spatial characteristics of the meteotsunami were reminiscent of seismic tsunamis. Our research on this rare event elucidates the unresolved issues and eventually leads to designing a blueprint for future observation and modeling of meteotsunamis and seismic tsunamis.
Selective Sorting and Degradation of Permafrost Organic Matter in the Nearshore Zone of Herschel Island (Yukon, Canada)
Authors: Jong Dirk , Bröder Lisa , Tesi Tommaso , Tanski George , Oudenhuijsen Mickolai , Fritz Michael , Lantuit Hugues , Haghipour Negar , Eglinton Timothy , Vonk Jorien 
Published: January 2024

AbstractErosion of permafrost coasts due to climate warming releases large quantities of organic carbon (OC) into the Arctic Ocean. While burial of permafrost OC in marine sediments potentially limits degradation, resuspension of sediments in the nearshore zone potentially enhances degradation and greenhouse gas production, adding to the “permafrost carbon feedback.” Recent studies, focusing on bulk sediments, suggest that permafrost OC derived from coastal erosion is predominantly deposited close to shore. However, bulk approaches disregard sorting processes in the coastal zone, which strongly influence the OC distribution and fate. We studied soils and sediments along a transect from the fast‐eroding shoreline of Herschel Island—Qikiqtaruk (Yukon, Canada) to a depositional basin offshore. Sample material was fractionated by density (1.8 g cm−3) and size (63 μm), separating loose OC from mineral‐associated OC. Each fraction was analyzed for element content (TOC, TN), carbon isotopes (δ13C, Δ14C), molecular biomarkers (n‐alkanes, n‐alkanoic acids, lignin phenols, cutin acids), and mineral surface area. The OC partitioning between fractions changes considerably along the transect, highlighting the importance of hydrodynamic sorting in the nearshore zone. Additionally, OC and biomarker loadings decrease along the land‐ocean transect, indicating significant loss of OC during transport. However, molecular proxies for degradation show contrasting trends, suggesting that OC losses are not always well reflected in its degradation state. This study, using fraction partitioning that crosses land‐ocean boundaries in a way not done before, aids to disentangle sorting processes from degradation patterns, and provides quantitative insight into losses of thawed and eroded permafrost OC.
Groundwater Basin Openness and Sustainability
Authors: Wang Chao , Fogg Graham E. , Pauloo Richard A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractGroundwater pumping from wells, together with water uses such as agricultural irrigation have been converting formerly open groundwater basins into closed systems that accumulate total dissolved solids (TDS). This process of anthropogenic basin closure and salinization (ABCSal) would appear to pose a threat to groundwater sustainability that is at least as formidable as groundwater overdraft and contamination from the surface, yet has been little explored. Models of groundwater flow and solute transport herein show that groundwater basin openness itself should be considered a primary determinant of sustainability. Results show that groundwater basin closure is a threshold condition that sets the aquifer system on a path of increasing salinity that can only be halted by opening the basin. Further, the magnitude of groundwater pumping and degree of basin closure significantly influence the spatial distribution of salinity. In open basins, salinity approaches dynamic equilibrium over long‐term conditions. Stratification of higher‐TDS groundwater overlying lower‐TDS groundwater occurs below farmlands whose irrigation‐supplying wells are impacted by irrigation return flow from upstream farmlands, and act to redistribute relatively saline groundwater to the land surface. More intensive pumping leads to groundwater basin closure and more vertically‐oriented groundwater flow toward pumping wells. TDS retainment in the basin and repeated well capture, re‐distribution as irrigation water, and evapoconcentration lead to progressive salinization. Regardless of basin closure status, fresh recharge protects nearby downstream portions of the basin from salinization, indicating that managing or limiting the spread of contaminated groundwater may be achieved via managed aquifer recharge of good quality water.
Risk of subsequent gliomas and meningiomas among 69,460 5-year survivors of childhood and adolescent cancer in Europe: the PanCareSurFup study
Authors: Heymer Emma J. , Hawkins Michael M. , Winter David L. , Teepen Jop C. , Sunguc Ceren , Ronckers Cécile M. , Allodji Rodrigue S. , Alessi Daniela , Sugden Elaine , Belle Fabiën N. , Bagnasco Francesca , Byrne Julianne , Bárdi Edit , Garwicz Stanislaw , Grabow Desiree , Jankovic Momcilo , Kaatsch Peter , Kaiser Melanie , Michel Gisela , Schindera Christina , Haddy Nadia , Journy Neige , Česen Mazić Maja , Skinner Roderick , Kok Judith L. , Gunnes Maria W. , Wiebe Thomas , Sacerdote Carlotta , Maule Milena M. , Terenziani Monica , Jakab Zsuzsanna , Winther Jeanette F. , Lähteenmäki Päivi M. , Zadravec Zaletel Lorna , Haupt Riccardo , Kuehni Claudia E. , Kremer Leontien C. , de Vathaire Florent , Hjorth Lars , Reulen Raoul C. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Childhood cancer survivors are at risk of subsequent gliomas and meningiomas, but the risks beyond age 40 years are uncertain. We quantified these risks in the largest ever cohort.

Methods
Using data from 69,460 5-year childhood cancer survivors (diagnosed 1940–2008), across Europe, standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) and cumulative incidence were calculated.

Results
In total, 279 glioma and 761 meningioma were identified. CNS tumour (SIR: 16.2, 95% CI: 13.7, 19.2) and leukaemia (SIR: 11.2, 95% CI: 8.8, 14.2) survivors were at greatest risk of glioma. The SIR for CNS tumour survivors was still 4.3-fold after age 50 (95% CI: 1.9, 9.6), and for leukaemia survivors still 10.2-fold after age 40 (95% CI: 4.9, 21.4). Following cranial radiotherapy (CRT), the cumulative incidence of a glioma in CNS tumour survivors was 2.7%, 3.7% and 5.0% by ages 40, 50 and 60, respectively, whilst for leukaemia this was 1.2% and 1.7% by ages 40 and 50. The cumulative incidence of a meningioma after CRT in CNS tumour survivors doubled from 5.9% to 12.5% between ages 40 and 60, and in leukaemia survivors increased from 5.8% to 10.2% between ages 40 and 50.

Discussion
Clinicians following up survivors should be aware that the substantial risks of meningioma and glioma following CRT are sustained beyond age 40 and be vigilant for symptoms.
Biomaterial-based regenerative therapeutic strategies for spinal cord injury
Authors: Chen Keyi , Yu Wei , Zheng Genjiang , Xu Zeng , Yang Chen , Wang Yunhao , Yue Zhihao , Yuan Weien , Hu Bo , Chen Huajiang 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
As one of the most intractable neurological diseases, spinal cord injury (SCI) often leads to permanent neurological impairment in patients. Unfortunately, due to the complex pathological mechanisms and unique postinjury microenvironment, there is currently no way to completely repair the injured spinal cord. In recent years, with the rapid development of tissue engineering technology, the combination of biomaterials and medicine has provided a new idea for treating SCI. Here, we systematically summarize representative biomaterials, including natural, synthetic, nano, and hybrid materials, and their applications in SCI treatment. In addition, we describe several state-of-the-art fabrication techniques for tissue engineering. Importantly, we provide novel insights for the use of biomaterial-based therapeutic strategies to reduce secondary damage and promote repair. Finally, we discuss several biomaterial clinical studies. This review aims to provide a reference and new insights for the future exploration of spinal cord regeneration strategies.
Active mid-infrared ring resonators
Authors: Kazakov Dmitry , Letsou Theodore P. , Beiser Maximilian , Zhi Yiyang , Opačak Nikola , Piccardo Marco , Schwarz Benedikt , Capasso Federico 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHigh-quality optical ring resonators can confine light in a small volume and store it for millions of roundtrips. They have enabled the dramatic size reduction from laboratory scale to chip level of optical filters, modulators, frequency converters, and frequency comb generators in the visible and the near-infrared. The mid-infrared spectral region (3−12 μm), as important as it is for molecular gas sensing and spectroscopy, lags behind in development of integrated photonic components. Here we demonstrate the integration of mid-infrared ring resonators and directional couplers, incorporating a quantum cascade active region in the waveguide core. It enables electrical control of the resonant frequency, its quality factor, the coupling regime and the coupling coefficient. We show that one device, depending on its operating point, can act as a tunable filter, a nonlinear frequency converter, or a frequency comb generator. These concepts extend to the integration of multiple active resonators and waveguides in arbitrary configurations, thus allowing the implementation of purpose-specific mid-infrared active photonic integrated circuits for spectroscopy, communication, and microwave generation.
Two mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms modulate cardiolipin binding and lead to synthetic lethality
Authors: Chiang Ason C. Y. , Ježek Jan , Mu Peiqiang , Di Ying , Klucnika Anna , Jabůrek Martin , Ježek Petr , Ma Hansong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractGenetic screens have been used extensively to probe interactions between nuclear genes and their impact on phenotypes. Probing interactions between mitochondrial genes and their phenotypic outcome, however, has not been possible due to a lack of tools to map the responsible polymorphisms. Here, using a toolkit we previously established in Drosophila, we isolate over 300 recombinant mitochondrial genomes and map a naturally occurring polymorphism at the cytochrome c oxidase III residue 109 (CoIII109) that fully rescues the lethality and other defects associated with a point mutation in cytochrome c oxidase I (CoIT300I). Through lipidomics profiling, biochemical assays and phenotypic analyses, we show that the CoIII109 polymorphism modulates cardiolipin binding to prevent complex IV instability caused by the CoIT300I mutation. This study demonstrates the feasibility of genetic interaction screens in animal mitochondrial DNA. It unwraps the complex intra-genomic interplays underlying disorders linked to mitochondrial DNA and how they influence disease expression.