bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fire‐regime variability and ecosystem resilience over four millennia in a Rocky Mountain subalpine watershed
Authors: Clark‐Wolf Kyra D. , Higuera Philip E. , McLauchlan Kendra K. , Shuman Bryan N. , Parish Meredith C. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Wildfires strongly influence forest ecosystem processes, including carbon and nutrient cycling, and vegetation dynamics. As fire activity increases under changing climate conditions, the ecological and biogeochemical resilience of many forest ecosystems remains unknown.

To investigate the resilience of forest ecosystems to changing climate and wildfire activity over decades to millennia, we developed a 4800‐year high‐resolution lake‐sediment record from Silver Lake, Montana, USA (47.360° N, 115.566° W). Charcoal particles, pollen grains, element concentrations and stable isotopes of C and N serve as proxies of past changes in fire, vegetation and ecosystem processes such as nitrogen cycling and soil erosion, within a small subalpine forest watershed. A published lake‐level history from Silver Lake provides a local record of palaeohydrology.

A trend towards increased effective moisture over the late Holocene coincided with a distinct shift in the pollen assemblage c. 1900 yr BP, resulting from increased subalpine conifer abundance. Fire activity, inferred from peaks in macroscopic charcoal, decreased significantly after 1900 yr BP, from one fire event every 126 yr (83–184 yr, 95% CI) from 4800 to 1900 yr BP, to one event every 223 yr (175–280 yr) from 1900 yr BP to present.

Across the record, individual fire events were followed by two distinct decadal‐scale biogeochemical responses, reflecting differences in ecosystem impacts of fires on watershed processes. These distinct biogeochemical responses were interpreted as reflecting fire severity, highlighting (i) erosion, likely from large or high‐severity fires, and (ii) nutrient transfers and enhanced within‐lake productivity, likely from lower severity or patchier fires. Biogeochemical and vegetation proxies returned to pre‐fire values within decades regardless of the nature of fire effects.

Synthesis. Palaeorecords of fire and ecosystem responses provide a novel view revealing past variability in fire effects, analogous to spatial variability in fire severity observed within contemporary wildfires. Overall, the palaeorecord highlights ecosystem resilience to fire across long‐term variability in climate and fire activity. Higher fire frequencies in past millennia relative to the 20th and 21st century suggest that northern Rocky Mountain subalpine ecosystems could remain resilient to future increases in fire activity, provided continued ecosystem recovery within decades.
Organizational and community resilience for COVID‐19 and beyond: Leveraging a system for health and social services integration
Authors: Fleming Mark D. , Safaeinili Nadia , Knox Margae , Brewster Amanda L. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo examine how a preexisting initiative to align health care, public health, and social services influenced COVID‐19 pandemic response.Data Sources and Study SettingIn‐depth interviews with administrators and frontline staff in health care, public health, and social services in Contra Costa County, California from October, 2020, to May, 2021.Study DesignQualitative, semi‐structured interviews examined how COVID‐19 response used resources developed for system alignment prior to the pandemic.Data CollectionWe interviewed 31 informants including 14 managers in public health, health care, or social services and 17 social needs case managers who coordinated services across these sectors on behalf of patients. An inductive‐deductive qualitative coding approach was used to systematically identify recurrent themes.Principal FindingsWe identified four distinct components of the county's system alignment capabilities that supported COVID‐19 response, including (1) an organizational culture of adaptability fostered through earlier system alignment efforts, which included the ability and willingness to rapidly implement new organizational processes, (2) trusting relationships among organizations based on prior, positive experiences of cross‐sector collaboration, (3) capacity to monitor population health of historically marginalized community members, including information infrastructures, data analytics, and population monitoring and outreach, and (4) frontline staff with flexible skills to support health and social care who had built relationships with the highest risk community members.ConclusionsPrior investments in aligning systems provided unanticipated benefits for organizational and community resilience during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Our results illustrate a pathway for investment in system alignment efforts that build capacity within organizations and relationships between organizations to enhance resilience to crisis. Our findings suggest the usefulness of an integrated concept of organizational and community resilience that understands the resilience of systems of care as a vital resource for community resilience during crisis.
A case study on variations in network structure and cross‐sector alignment in two local systems serving pregnant and parenting women in recovery
Authors: Creel Liza M. , Feygin Yana B. , Shipley Madeline , Davis Deborah W. , Cole Hall Tiffany , Downs Chaly , Hoskins Stephanie , Pasquenza Natalie , Duncan Scott D. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo describe network structure and alignment across organizations in healthcare, public health, and social services sectors that serve pregnant and parenting women with substance use disorder (SUD) in an urban and a rural community.Data Sources and Study SettingsTwo community networks, one urban and one rural with each including a residential substance use treatment program, in Kentucky during 2021.Study DesignSocial network analysis measured system collaboration and cross‐sector alignment between healthcare, public health, and social services organizations, applying the Framework for Aligning Sectors. To understand the alignment and structure of each network, we measured network density overall and between sectors, network centralization, and each organization's degree centrality and effective size.Data Collection/Extraction MethodsComputer‐assisted telephone interviews were conducted to document alignment around shared purpose, data, financing, and governance.Principal FindingsOn average, overall and cross‐sector network densities in both communities were similar. However, alignment was highest for data sharing and financing in the urban community and for shared purpose and governance in the rural community. Cross‐sector partnerships involving healthcare organizations were more prevalent in the rural county (44% vs. 38% for healthcare/public health, 44% vs. 29% for healthcare/social services), but more prevalent for those involving public health/social services organizations in the urban county (42% vs. 24%). A single healthcare organization had the highest degree centrality (Mdn [IQR] = 26 [26–9.5]) and effective size (Mdn [IQR] = 15.9 [20.6–8.7]) within the rural county. Social services organizations held more central positions in the urban county (degree centrality Mdn [IQR] = 13 [14.8–9.5]; effective size Mdn [IQR] = 10.4 [11.4–7.9]).ConclusionsCross‐sector alignment may strengthen local capacity for comprehensive SUD care for pregnant and parenting women. Healthcare organizations are key players in cross‐sector partnerships in the rural community, where one healthcare facility holds the central brokerage role. In contrast, public health agencies are key to cross‐sector collaboration with social services in the urban community.
Risk assessment, fitness cost, cross‐resistance, and mechanism of tetraniliprole resistance in the rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis
Authors: Sun Hao , Wang Shuai , Liu Chong , Hu Wen‐Kai , Liu Jin‐Wei , Zheng Ling‐Jun , Gao Meng‐Yue , Guo Fang‐Rui , Qiao Song‐Tao , Liu Jun‐Li , Sun Bo , Gao Cong‐Fen , Wu Shun‐Fan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe rice stem borer (RSB), Chilo suppressalis, a notorious rice pest in China, has evolved a high resistance level to commonly used insecticides. Tetraniliprole, a new anthranilic diamide insecticide, effectively controls multiple pests, including RSB. However, the potential resistance risk of RSB to tetraniliprole is still unknown. In this study, the tetraniliprole‐selection (Tet‐R) strain was obtained through 10 continuous generations of selection with tetraniliprole 30% lethal concentration (LC30). The realized heritability (h2) of the Tet‐R strain was 0.387, indicating that resistance of RSB to tetraniliprole developed rapidly under the continuous selection of tetraniliprole. The Tet‐R strain had a high fitness cost (relative fitness = 0.53). We established the susceptibility baseline of RSB to tetraniliprole (lethal concentration at LC50 = 0.727 mg/L) and investigated the resistance level of 6 field populations to tetraniliprole. All tested strains that had resistance to chlorantraniliprole exhibited moderate‐ to high‐level resistance to tetraniliprole (resistance ratio = 27.7−806.8). Detection of ryanodine receptor (RyR) mutations showed that the Y4667C, Y4667D, I4758M, and Y4891F mutations were present in tested RSB field populations. RyR mutations were responsible for the cross‐resistance between tetraniliprole and chlorantraniliprole. Further, the clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR) / CRISPR‐associated protein 9‐mediated genome‐modified flies were used to study the contribution of RyR mutations to tetraniliprole resistance. The order of contribution of a single RyR mutation to tetraniliprole resistance was Y4667D > G4915E > Y4667C ≈ I4758M > Y4891F. In addition, the I4758M and Y4667C double mutations conferred higher tetraniliprole resistance than single Y4667C mutations. These results can guide resistance management practices for diamides in RSB and other arthropods.
Accuracy assessment of post‐processing kinematic georeferencing based on uncrewed aerial vehicle‐based structures from motion multi‐view stereo photogrammetry
Authors: Hayamizu Masato , Nakata Yasutaka 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe verified a method of acquiring digital surface models of steep, forested, small watershed topography, where real‐time kinematic processing is difficult because of the presence of interfering objects. Our approach involved using an uncrewed aerial vehicle with a built‐in global navigation satellite system, which reduces time and labour costs. We tested the applicability of structure‐from‐motion multi‐view stereo processing, and post‐processing motion corrections of positional coordinate data were also tested. Nine verification points were established in a small 0.5 km2 watershed, with check dams established in the headwaters of the forested area. The position accuracy and overall working time of verification points extracted by the method were compared with the position accuracy and work time obtained by a field survey using a conventional total station. The results show that the vertical error between the total station and each verification point at an altitude of 150 m ranged from 0.006 to 0.181 m. The working time of the survey was 13% of that of the total station survey. The proposed workflow shows that safe and non‐destructive topographic surveying, including fluvial geomorphological mapping, is possible with a vertical error of ±0.103 m in small watersheds. This method will be useful for rapid topographic surveying in inaccessible areas during disasters, namely, debris flow monitoring at check dam sites and efficient topographic mapping of steep valleys in forested areas where positioning ground control points is laborious. It should also be of widespread interest to geographers working with spatial challenges related to land management.
Digital preconception interventions targeting weight, diet and physical activity: A systematic review
Authors: O'Connor Hannah , Willcox Jane C. , de Jersey Susan , Wright Charlotte , Wilkinson Shelley A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimOptimising preconception health increases the likelihood of conception, positively influences short‐ and long‐term pregnancy outcomes and reduces intergenerational chronic disease risk. Our aim was to synthesise study characteristics and maternal outcomes of digital or blended (combining face to face and digital modalities) interventions in the preconception period.MethodsWe searched six databases (PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, Web of Science, CINHAL and PsycINFO) from 1990 to November 2022 according to the PRISMA guidelines for randomised control trials, quasi‐experimental trials, observation studies with historical control group. Studies were included if they targeted women of childbearing age, older than 18 years, who were not currently pregnant and were between pregnancies or/and actively trying to conceive. Interventions had to be delivered digitally or via digital health in combination with face‐to‐face delivery and aimed to improve modifiable behaviours, including dietary intake, physical activity, weight and supplementation. Studies that included women diagnosed with type 1 or 2 diabetes were excluded. Risk of bias was assessed using the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics quality criteria checklist. Study characteristics, intervention characteristics and outcome data were extracted.ResultsTen studies (total participants n=4,461) were included, consisting of nine randomised control trials and one pre–post cohort study. Seven studies received a low risk of bias and two received a neutral risk of bias. Four were digitally delivered and six were delivered using blended modalities. A wide range of digital delivery modalities were employed, with the most common being email and text messaging. Other digital delivery methods included web‐based educational materials, social media, phone applications, online forums and online conversational agents. Studies with longer engagement that utilised blended delivery showed greater weight loss.ConclusionMore effective interventions appear to combine both traditional and digital delivery methods. More research is needed to adequately test effective delivery modalities across a diverse range of digital delivery methods, as high heterogeneity was observed across the small number of included studies.
Washed microbiota transplantation reduces glycemic variability in unstable diabetes
Authors: Li Yangyang , Liu Qing , Zhang Lingyu , Zou Jing , He Rongbo , Zhou Ying , Qian Chen , Zhu Yuxiao , Chen Rourou , Zhang Ying , Cai Pengpeng , Wang Miao , Shao Wei , Ji Minjun , Wu Hao , Zhang Faming , Liu Zejian , Liu Yu 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundDysbiosis of gut microbiota is causally linked to impaired host glucose metabolism. We aimed to study effects of the new method of fecal microbiota transplantation, washed microbiota transplantation (WMT), on reducing glycemic variability (GV) in unstable diabetes.MethodsFourteen eligible patients received three allogenic WMTs and were followed up at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months. Primary outcomes were daily insulin dose, glucose excursions during meal tests, and GV indices calculated from continuous monitoring or self‐monitoring glucose values. Secondary outcomes were multiomics data, including 16S rRNA gene sequencing, metagenomics, and metabolomics to explore underlying mechanisms.ResultsDaily insulin dose and glucose excursions markedly dropped, whereas GV indices significantly improved up to 1 month. WMT increased gut microbial alpha diversity, beta diversity, and network complexity. Taxonomic changes featured lower abundance of genera Bacteroides and Escherichia‐Shigella, and higher abundance of genus Prevotella. Metagenomics functional annotations revealed enrichment of distinct microbial metabolic pathways, including methane biosynthesis, citrate cycle, amino acid degradation, and butyrate production. Derived metabolites correlated significantly with improved GV indices. WMT did not change circulating inflammatory cytokines, enteroendocrine hormones, or C‐peptide.ConclusionsWMT showed strong ameliorating effect on GV, raising the possibility of targeting gut microbiota as an effective regimen to reduce GV in diabetes.
Opioid‐related overdose deaths among people experiencing homelessness, 2017 to 2021: A population‐based analysis using coroner and health administrative data from Ontario, Canada
Authors: Booth Richard G. , Shariff Salimah Z. , Carter Brooke , Hwang Stephen W. , Orkin Aaron M. , Forchuk Cheryl , Gomes Tara 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimsTo measure the change in proportion of opioid‐related overdose deaths attributed to people experiencing homelessness and to compare the opioid‐related fatalities between individuals experiencing homelessness and not experiencing homelessness at time of death.Design, setting and participantsPopulation‐based, time‐trend analysis using coroner and health administrative databases from Ontario, Canada from 1 July 2017 and 30 June 2021.MeasurementsQuarterly proportion of opioid‐related overdose deaths attributed to people experiencing homelessness. We also obtained socio‐demographic and health characteristics of decedents, health‐care encounters preceding death, substances directly contributing to death and circumstances surrounding deaths.FindingsA total of 6644 individuals (median age = 40 years, interquartile range = 31–51; 74.1% male) experienced an accidental opioid‐related overdose death, among whom 884 (13.3%) were identified as experiencing homelessness at the time of death. The quarterly proportion of opioid‐related overdose deaths attributed to people experiencing homelessness increased from 7.2% (26/359) in July–September 2017 to 16.8% (97/578) by April–June 2021 (trend test P < 0.01). Compared with housed decedents, those experiencing homelessness were younger (61.3 versus 53.1% aged 25–44), had higher prevalence of mental health or substance use disorders (77.1 versus 67.1%) and more often visited hospitals (32.1 versus 24.5%) and emergency departments (82.6 versus 68.5%) in the year prior to death. Fentanyl and its analogues more often directly contributed to death among people experiencing homelessness (94.0 versus 81.4%), as did stimulants (67.4 versus 51.6%); in contrast, methadone was less often present (7.8 versus 12.4%). Individuals experiencing homelessness were more often in the presence of a bystander during the acute toxicity event that led to death (55.8 versus 49.7%); and where another individual was present, more often had a resuscitation attempted (61.7 versus 55.1%) or naloxone administered (41.2 versus 28.9%).ConclusionsPeople experiencing homelessness account for an increasing proportion of fatal opioid‐related overdoses in Ontario, Canada, reaching nearly one in six such deaths in 2021.
Intergenerational reciprocity and WHO function ability domains predict loneliness in older Chinese adults
Authors: Zhao Ivy Yan , Leung Angela Y. M. , Deng Sasha Yuanjie , Ho Mu‐Hsing , Saravanakumar Priya , Montayre Jed , Molassiotis Alex 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo examine loneliness in old age and whether intergenerational reciprocity and WHO functional ability predicted loneliness.MethodsUsing the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study Wave 4 (2018) database (CHARLS), logistic regression models were adopted to investigate the relationships.ResultsThe prevalence of loneliness was 28% in older people in China. Corresponding to the five domains of functional abilities, providing financial support to adult children (adj. OR 0.83, 95% CI 0.70–0.99), self‐perceived health (adj. OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.19–1.41), having a retirement pension (adj. OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.57–0.93), the ability to decide on taking medications (adj. OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.10–1.58), as well as being able to get up from a chair (adj. OR 1.15, 95% CI 1.02–1.3), and having paid work (adj. OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.54–0.95) were associated with less loneliness. On the contrary, infrequent contact (once a month) with adult children (adj. OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.01–1.38), troubling body pain (adj. OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.10–1.23) and falling since the last interview (adj. OR .23, 95% CI 1.04–1.45) were positively associated with loneliness.ConclusionsIn this study, functional abilities of meeting basic needs, making decisions, being mobile and contributing to the support of adult children and society were protective factors for experiencing loneliness in late life. We need to rethink interventions for addressing loneliness in the context of healthy ageing and specific cultural values, taking into account not only providing services to older adults but also supporting them to gain values by contributing to society.
Superficial oesophageal mucosal innervation may contribute to severity of symptoms in oesophageal motility disorders
Authors: Sawada Akinari , Zhang Mengyu , Ustaoglu Ahsen , Nikaki Kornilia , Lee Chung , Woodland Philip , Yazaki Etsuro , Takashima Shingo , Ominami Masaki , Tanaka Fumio , Ciafardini Clorinda , Nachman Fabio , Ditaranto Andrés , Agotegaray Joaquín , Bilder Claudio , Savarino Edoardo , Gyawali C. Prakash , Penagini Roberto , Fujiwara Yasuhiro , Sifrim Daniel 
Published: October 2023

SummaryBackgroundMechanisms underlying perception of dysphagia and chest pain have not been completely elucidated, although oesophageal mucosal afferent nerves might play an important role.AimsTo evaluate the relationship between oesophageal mucosal afferent nerves and the severity of dysphagia and chest pain in oesophageal motility disorders.MethodsWe prospectively recruited patients with oesophageal motility disorders having dysphagia and/or chest pain from whom oesophageal biopsies were obtained. High‐resolution manometry classified patients into disorders of oesophagogastric junction (OGJ) outflow and disorders of peristalsis. Symptom severity was assessed using validated questionnaires including Brief Oesophageal Dysphagia Questionnaire (BEDQ). Immunohistochemistry was performed on oesophageal biopsies to evaluate the location of calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP)‐immunoreactive mucosal afferent nerves. Findings were compared to existing data from 10 asymptomatic healthy volunteers.ResultsOf 79 patients, 61 patients had disorders of OGJ outflow and 18 had disorders of peristalsis. CGRP‐immunoreactive mucosal nerves were more superficially located in the mucosa of patients with oesophageal motility disorders compared to healthy volunteers. Within disorders of OGJ outflow, the location of CGRP‐immunoreactive nerves negatively correlated with BEDQ score both in the proximal (ρ = −0.567, p < 0.001) and distal oesophagus (ρ = −0.396, p = 0.003). In the proximal oesophagus, strong chest pain was associated with more superficially located mucosal nerves than weak chest pain (p = 0.04). Multivariate analysis showed superficial nerves in the proximal oesophagus was independently associated with severe dysphagia in disorders of OGJ outflow (p = 0.008).ConclusionsSuperficial location of mucosal nerves in the proximal oesophagus might contribute to symptoms, especially severe dysphagia, in disorders of OGJ outflow.