bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coal Pitch Derived Yellow‐Emissive Carbon Dots and Their Application in Luminescent Solar Concentrators
Authors: Li Xiaohua , Chang Qing , Xue Chaorui , Li Ning , Liu Bin , Zheng Wenjing , Yang Jinlong , Hu Shengliang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractUsing coal pitch as the carbon source to synthesize carbon dots (CDs), one of the most promising photoluminescence (PL) materials, can play an important role in the global demand for carbon neutralization. However, the reported CDs derived from coal pitch are mainly limited blue emission. Here, a new route to synthesize yellow‐emissive CDs from coal pitch is developed by extracting the lightweight aromatic compounds from coal pitch and solvothermally treating the extracts in dichloromethane in the presence of a small amount of nitric acid and sulfuric acid. Notably, the obtained CDs exhibit excitation independent yellow emission, large Stokes shift and good photostability. The application of the CDs for luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) is evaluated. It is found that the CDs can be well dispersed in polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) matrix and fabricated transparent LSCs. The synthesized LSC (4 × 4 × 0.2 cm3) with the optimal CDs concentration exhibits an optical conversion efficiency (ηopt) of 3.31% and power conversion efficiency (ηPCE) of 1.95% under simulated sun light illumination (100 mW cm−2). This research offers a new strategy to synthesize new kind of CDs with desired performance by exploiting the native chemistries of coal pitch.
Measurement of the interbronchial angle in acute viral bronchiolitis
Authors: Biondo Gabriela F. , Lorentz Bruna T. , Flores José Antônio Monteiro , Santana João Carlos Batista , Amantéa Sérgio L. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundAcute viral bronchiolitis (AVB) is the most common lower airway infection in children under 2 years. Attempts to determine disease severity based on clinical and radiological manifestations are a major challenge. Measurements of the anatomy of the trachea and main bronchi are not only limited to pure anthropometry, but are also useful for better care of critically ill patients. The purpose of the study is to verify the association between measurements of the interbronchial angle (ITB) and the severity of respiratory disease.MethodsA cross‐sectional study, which included all patients admitted to the Santo Antônio Children's Hospital, over a period of 1 year, with diagnosis of AVB by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was designed. ITB angle was measured and clinical characteristics were analyzed. Quantitative variables were compared and correlation analysis was performed using Pearson's correlation coefficient. A receiving operator characteristic (ROC) curve was performed. P‐value <0.05 was statistically significant.ResultsA total of 425 patients with AVB due to RSV were included. Most of these patients were male and the median age was 130 days, 91.11% of them required oxygen therapy through a nasal catheter, 3.3% used noninvasive ventilation and 4% used mechanical ventilation. Those who required MV or NIV and intensive care unit support were considered severe. The mean ITB was lower for these patients than for those of lesser severity (p < 0.05).ConclusionThe present study demonstrates that there is an association between ITB and AVB severity. The smaller the ITB, the greater the disease severity.
A comparative analysis of the Vasoactive‐Inotropic Score, the Vasoactive‐Ventilation‐Renal Score, and the Oxygenation Index as outcome predictors in infants with a congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Authors: Schroeder Lukas , Pommer Katrin , Geipel Annegret , Strizek Brigitte , Heydweiller Andreas , Kipfmueller Florian , Mueller Andreas 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo date, different severity scores and indices are available to predict outcome in infants with a congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). The Oxygenation Index (OI) and the Vasoactive‐Inotropic Score (VIS) has already been evaluated in the CDH population. The Vasoactive‐Ventilation‐Renal (VVR) Score was recently evaluated as new severity score in several studies on infants with need for cardiac surgery. The score was shown to outperform the VIS and OI as outcome predictors in these infants, but no data are available regarding the evaluation of the VVR Score in CDH infants.Patients and MethodsThis was a retrospective single‐center analysis at the University Children's Hospital, Bonn, Germany, during the study period from January 2019 until December 2022. Of 108 CDH infants treated at our institution, a final cohort of 100 neonates met the inclusion criteria. Inclusion criteria: diagnosis of CDH (right‐sided, left‐sided, or bilateral). Exclusion criteria: early mortality (before surgical correction of the diaphragm), palliative care after birth, no available data for OI, VIS, and VVR Score calculation. The OI, the VIS, and the VVR Score were calculated at three selected timepoints: at 48–72 h after birth (T1), before surgery (T2), and after surgery (T3).Main ResultsThe primary clinical endpoint (in‐hospital mortality) was reached in 21% of the infants. Infants surviving to discharge were allocated to group A, infants with fatal outcome to group B. In the univariate analysis, the OI was significantly higher in infants allocated to group B at T2 (p < .001), and T3 (p < .001). The VIS was significantly higher only at T1 in infants allocated to group B (p = .001). The VVR Score was significantly higher at T1 (p = .017), and at T3 (p = .002) in infants not surviving to discharge. In the multivariate analysis, the OI at T2 + T3 (p < .001), the VIS at T1 (p = .048), and the VVR Score at T1 + T3 (p = .023, and p = .048, respectively) remained significantly associated with in‐hospital mortality. The OI presented the highest area under the curve (AUC) at T2 and T3 (T2:0.867, p = .001; T3:0.833, p = .000) regarding the primary endpoint in the overall cohort. In the subgroup of infants without need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) therapy (n = 60) the VVR Sore presented the best performance with an AUC of 0.942 (p = .000) at T3.ConclusionThe severity scores OI, VIS, and VVR‐Score are independent predictors of in‐hospital mortality in CDH infants. The OI seems to outperform the VIS and VVR‐Score as outcome predictor immediately before and after CDH surgery, whereas the VVR Score presented the best performance in the subgroup of CDH infants without need for ECMO and mild‐to‐moderate CDH defects.
Lung ultrasound evaluation in people with cystic fibrosis: A new approach in the pulmonology outpatient clinic
Authors: Curatola Antonietta , Corona Federica , Squillaci Domenica , Saccari Alessia , Chiaretti Antonio , Barbi Egidio , Maschio Massimo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundCystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease that causes progressive lung disease with major impact on the quality of life. Lung ultrasound (LUS) allows to assess the lung involvement through the artefacts analysis and is increasingly used in children but is not yet used to monitor people with CF(pwCF). The main aim of this study was to describe the LUS pattern of pwCF during their routinary check‐up visit. The secondary objective was to correlate the LUS findings with pulmonary function indices.MethodsWe performed a cross‐sectional observational study, enrolling adolescents and young adults with CF. Each patient underwent clinical assessment, measurement of SpO2, assessment of lung function by spirometry and LUS.ResultsTwenty‐nine subjects with CF were included. The most frequent alterations were consolidations (72.4%) located in the left apical anterior and right apical posterior regions followed by interstitial syndrome (65.5%). The 41.4% of cases presented the lingula involvement, characterized by a consolidation with static air bronchogram, and 55.2% showed pleural irregularity mainly in the posterior apical regions. A significant correlation was found between the LUS total score and spirometric indices: FEV1 (p = .003), FVC (p = .002), Tiffenau Index <80% (p = .014), and FEF 25–75 (p = .004).ConclusionsOur study describes LUS findings in pwCF. It also showed a correlation between LUS score and the patients' lung function measured by spirometric indices. We conclude that LUS may be useful in routine monitoring of pwCF in combination with clinical and spirometric assessment.
Pressure‐assisted binder jetting for additive manufacturing of mock energetic composites
Authors: Kirby Levi , Udaykumar H. S. , Song Xuan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAdditive manufacturing (AM) has emerged as a promising approach to achieve energetic materials (EMs) with intricate geometries and controlled microstructures, which are crucial for safety and performance optimization. However, current AM methods still face limitations such as limited densities and inadequate solids loading. To overcome these limitations, we have developed a pressure‐assisted binder jet (PBJ) process that has the potential to allow for the fabrication of intricate EMs while preserving their desired properties. This study aims to investigate the effects of printing parameters on the microstructures and properties of EMs, including density, solids loading, mechanical properties, and heterogeneity. Our results demonstrate that the PBJ process achieves exceptional properties in EMs, including densities up to 83.4 % and solids loading up to 95.4 %, surpassing those achieved by existing AM processes. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of the fabricated EMs are comparable to those achieved using conventional fabrication techniques, including a compressive strength of 3.32 MPa, a Young's modulus of 16.68 MPa, a Poisson's ratio of 0.45, a shear modulus of 5.73 MPa, and a bulk modulus of 21.01 GPa. Various test cases were printed to showcase the ability of the PBJ process to create EMs with complex structures and exceptional properties. Micro‐computed tomography was employed to analyze the influence of printing parameters on the internal composition and microstructures of the printed specimens.
Structural response for vented hydrogen‐air deflagrations: Effects of volumetric blockage ratio
Authors: Wang Jingui , Liang Zhixing , Lin Jiacheng , Feng Hong , Zhang Su 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe explosion venting experiments of hydrogen‐air premixed gas were carried out in a 1‐m3 cuboid container. The effects of the obstacles parallel to the vent on the structural response of the container during the explosion venting were investigated. The internal overpressure and acceleration of the vessel wall were captured by acceleration and pressure sensors, respectively. The time–frequency distributions of pressure and acceleration were obtained by a Short‐Time Fast Fourier Transform. The effects of obstacles on the dynamic structure response were studied by analyzing the internal overpressure, vibration acceleration, and high‐speed videos. With the increase of obstacles, the maximum overpressure and vessel vibration increased, and the maximum overpressure and maximum vibration acceleration appeared earlier. The vibration signals had two dominant frequencies, 300‐600 Hz and 900‐1200 Hz. The low‐frequency vibration (300–600 Hz) was induced by acoustic oscillation of the internal pressure. The high‐frequency vibration (900–1200 Hz) was a container resonance triggered by the coupling of the flame and the acoustic wave. As VBR increased, the duration of high‐frequency oscillations decreased gradually; the increase of obstacles would weaken the high‐frequency structural response of the container. The results can guide the design of hydrogen explosion protection and mitigation measures.
A passive method for sampling water in the soil–plant–atmosphere continuum for stable hydrogen and oxygen isotope analyses
Authors: El‐Shenawy Mohammed I. , Herwartz Daniel , Staubwasser Michael 
Published: November 2023

RationaleHydrogen and oxygen isotopes in water molecules are powerful tools to constrain the dynamics of water cycling within the soil–plant–atmosphere continuum (SPAC). However, the recovery of water from the SPAC requires logistical arrangements and implementation of different time‐ and cost‐consuming techniques in either the field or the laboratory.MethodsWe developed a passive method to sample water from the three compartments of the SPAC by using a hygroscopic salt of a high water absorbance capacity (CaCl2). This method allows either H2O(V)–H2O(L) isotope equilibration in the case of infinite water reservoir (atmospheric water vapor (WV)) or quantitative absorption of water from a finite water reservoir (e.g. soil and plants). The water absorbed by CaCl2 was distilled first and subsequently processed for hydrogen and triple oxygen isotope mass spectrometry analyses. The distillation step can be bypassed when employing isotope analytical techniques that are based on equilibration.ResultsOur experiments show that anhydrous CaCl2 absorbs WV of 210 ± 6% and 130 ± 6% of its dry weight from an infinite WV reservoir at relative humidity of 60% and 30%, respectively. Chemical and isotope equilibrations between WV and absorbed water were attained within 3 days at room temperature, enabling the back‐calculation of the isotope composition of atmospheric WV. Preliminary experiments to extract water from plant and sand (i.e. finite WV reservoir) demonstrate a quasi‐complete recovery of water in these matrices without significant isotope fractionation. The reproducibility of our method is better than 1.6‰, 0.32‰, 0.17‰ and 6‰ per meg for δ2H, δ18O, δ17O and 17O‐excess.ConclusionsThe CaCl2–H2O absorption (passive) method requires very limited logistics in the field facilitating spatial and temporal water vapor/water sampling from atmosphere and soil at low resolution (i.e. average of 3–5 days). Moreover, it allows high sample throughput for the extraction of plant water in the laboratory. The reproducibility of this method is similar to the analytical uncertainty in mass spectrometry analyses.
Retrospective analysis of robot‐assisted laparoscopic transabdominal anterior approach for the treatment of lumbar paravertebral schwannoma
Authors: Zhao Changfeng , Wei Haibin , Ji Alin , Yang Kaichuang , Lyu Jia , Yang YunKai 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe main objective of this study was to investigate the impact of robot‐assisted laparoscopic resection on paravertebral tumours using the anterior peritoneal approach.MethodsA retrospective analysis to identify patients with paravertebral tumours. A total of 21 patients, who underwent robot‐assisted laparoscopic transabdominal anterior approach surgery from March 2012 to August 2020.ResultsThe median operation time was 66.2 ± 14.5 min, with a range of 0–100 min. Intraoperative blood loss was minimal, with a median of 11.4 ± 7.9 mL and a range of 5–30 mL. The median tumour length was 4.8 ± 2.3 cm, ranging from 2.1 to 11.3 cm. Postoperative hospitalisation lasted for a median of 3.2 ± 0.9 days. During the 48‐month follow‐up period, no tumour recurrence or residual was observed in any patient.ConclusionsRobot‐assisted laparoscopic resection of lumbar paravertebral schwannoma proved to be a safe and viable surgical approach. It offers a relatively new treatment option for paraspinal schwannoma.
Construction of Sugar‐Gourd‐Shaped Carbon Nanofibers Embedded with Heterostructured Zinc‐Cobalt Selenide Nanocages for Superior Potassium‐Ion Storage
Authors: Ding Yinxuan , Zhang Long , Gao Xinglong , Wei Mingzhi , Liu Qu , Li Yunbiao , Li Zhen , Cheng Lingli , Wu Minghong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTransition metal selenides are considered as promising anode materials for potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs) due to their high theoretical capacities. However, their applications are limited by low conductivity and large volume expansion. Herein, sugar‐gourd‐shaped carbon nanofibers embedded with heterostructured ZnCo‐Se nanocages are prepared via a facile template‐engaged method combined with electrospinning and selenization process. In this hierarchical ZnCo‐Se@NC/CNF, abundant phase boundaries of CoSe2/ZnSe heterostructure can promote interfacial electron transfer and chemical reactivity. The interior porous ZnCo‐Se@NC nanocage structure relieves volume expansion and maintains structural integrity during K+ intercalation and deintercalation. The exterior spinning carbon nanofibers connect the granular nanocages in series, which prevents the agglomeration, shortens the electron transport distance and enhances the reaction kinetics. As a self‐supporting anode material, ZnCo‐Se@NC/CNF delivers a high capacity (362 mA h g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 after 100 cycles) with long‐term stability (95.9% capacity retention after 1000 cycles) and shows superior reaction kinetics with high‐rate K‐storage. Energy level analysis and DFT calculations illustrate heterostructure facilitates the adsorption of K+ and interfacial electron transfer. The K+ storage mechanism is revealed by ex situ XRD and EIS analyses. This work opens a novel avenue in designing high‐performance heterostructured anode materials with ingenious structure for PIBs.
Hybrid Triboelectric‐Electromagnetic‐Piezoelectric Wind Energy Harvester toward Wide‐Scale IoT Self‐Powered Sensing
Authors: Tian Shuo , Lai Lixiang , Xin Jianpeng , Qu Zongtao , Li Bin , Dai Yejing 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWind energy is the most promising alternative to fossil fuels as a clean, nonpolluting, and renewable source of energy. However, how to achieve stable and efficient harvesting of wind energy has been a major challenge. Here, a triboelectric‐electromagnetic‐piezoelectric hybrid wind energy harvester (TEP‐WEH) based on the cantilever is proposed. The TEP‐WEH achieves a power density of 62.79 mW (m3 rpm)−1 at a 3 m s−1 wind speed, attributable to a rational and optimized structural design. In addition, owing to the soft contact strategy of the TENG module, the TEP‐WEH provides excellent durability and drivability. The harvester is demonstrated to successfully and continuously light a commercial lighting bulb rated at 5 W and provide an energy supply for self‐powered sensing. This work provides an efficient solution for wind energy harvesting and wide‐scale self‐powered IoT sensing.
High‐Performance Single‐Crystal Lithium‐Rich Layered Oxides Cathode Materials via Na2WO4‐Assisted Sintering
Authors: Duan Jidong , Wang Fengqi , Huang Mengjie , Yang Maoxia , Li Shaomin , zhang Gen , Xu Chen , Tang Changyu , Liu Hao 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSingle‐crystal lithium‐rich layered oxides (LLOs) with excellent mechanical properties can enhance their crystal structure stability. However, the conventional methods for preparing single‐crystal LLOs, require large amounts of molten salt additives, involve complicated washing steps, and increase the difficulty of large‐scale production. In this study, a sodium tungstate (Na2WO4)‐assisted sintering method is proposed to fabricate high‐performance single‐crystal LLOs cathode materials without large amounts of additives and additional washing steps. During the sintering process, Na2WO4 promotes particle growth and forms a protective coating on the surface of LLOs particles, effectively suppressing the side reactions at the cathode/electrolyte interface. Additionally, trace amounts of Na and W atoms are doped into the LLOs lattice via gradient doping. Experimental results and theoretical calculations indicate that Na and W doping stabilizes the crystal structure and enhances the Li+ ions diffusion rate. The prepared single‐crystal LLOs exhibit outstanding capacity retention of 82.7% (compared to 65.0%, after 200 cycles at 1 C) and a low voltage decay rate of 0.76 mV per cycle (compared to 1.80 mV per cycle). This strategy provides a novel pathway for designing the next‐generation high‐performance cathode materials for Lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs).
Intuition‐and‐Tactile Bimodal Sensing Based on Artificial‐Intelligence‐Motivated All‐Fabric Bionic Electronic Skin for Intelligent Material Perception
Authors: Niu Hongsen , Li Hao , Zhang Qichong , Kim Eun‐Seong , Kim Nam‐Young , Li Yang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDeveloping electronic skins (e‐skins) with extraordinary perception through bionic strategies has far‐reaching significance for the intellectualization of robot skins. Here, an artificial intelligence (AI)‐motivated all‐fabric bionic (AFB) e‐skin is proposed, where the overall structure is inspired by the interlocked bionics of the epidermis‐dermis interface inside the skin, while the structural design inspiration of the dielectric layer derives from the branch‐needle structure of conifers. More importantly, AFB e‐skin achieves intuition sensing in proximity mode and tactile sensing in pressure mode based on the fringing and iontronic effects, respectively, and is simulated and verified through COMSOL finite element analysis. The proposed AFB e‐skin in pressure mode exhibits maximum sensitivity of 15.06 kPa−1 (<50 kPa), linear sensitivity of 6.06 kPa−1 (50–200 kPa), and fast response/recovery time of 5.6 ms (40 kPa). By integrating AFB e‐skin with AI algorithm, and with the support of material inference mechanisms based on dielectric constant and softness/hardness, an intelligent material perception system capable of recognizing nine materials with indistinguishable surfaces within one proximity‐pressure cycle is established, demonstrating abilities that surpass human perception.
NiFe Nanoparticle Nest Supported on Graphene as Electrocatalyst for Highly Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Lyu Zhaoyuan , Yu Sheng , Wang Maoyu , Tieu Peter , Zhou Jiachi , Shi Qiurong , Du Dan , Feng Zhenxing , Pan Xiaoqing , Lin Hongfei , Ding Shichao , Zhang Qiang , Lin Yuehe 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDesigning cost‐efffective electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) holds significant importance in the progression of clean energy generation and efficient energy storage technologies, such as water splitting and rechargeable metal–air batteries. In this work, an OER electrocatalyst is developed using Ni and Fe precursors in combination with different proportions of graphene oxide. The catalyst synthesis involved a rapid reduction process, facilitated by adding sodium borohydride, which successfully formed NiFe nanoparticle nests on graphene support (NiFe NNG). The incorporation of graphene support enhances the catalytic activity, electron transferability, and electrical conductivity of the NiFe‐based catalyst. The NiFe NNG catalyst exhibits outstanding performance, characterized by a low overpotential of 292.3 mV and a Tafel slope of 48 mV dec−1, achieved at a current density of 10 mA cm−2. Moreover, the catalyst exhibits remarkable stability over extended durations. The OER performance of NiFe NNG is on par with that of commercial IrO2 in alkaline media. Such superb OER catalytic performance can be attributed to the synergistic effect between the NiFe nanoparticle nests and graphene, which arises from their large surface area and outstanding intrinsic catalytic activity. The excellent electrochemical properties of NiFe NNG hold great promise for further applications in energy storage and conversion devices.
Efficient and Stable pH‐Universal Water Electrolysis Catalyzed by N‐Doped Hollow Carbon Confined RuIrOx Nanocrystals
Authors: Lu Zhensui , Yang Hui , Qi Gaocan , Liu Qian , Feng Ligang , Zhang Hao , Luo Jun , Liu Xijun 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA facile strategy is developed to fabricate 3 nm RuIrOx nanocrystals anchored onto N‐doped hollow carbon for highly efficient and pH‐universal overall water splitting and alkaline seawater electrolysis. The designed catalyst exhibits much lower overpotential and superior stability than most previously reported Ru‐ and Ir‐based electrocatalysts for hydrogen/oxygen evolution reactions. It also manifests excellent overall water splitting activities and maintains ≈100% Faradic efficiency with a cell voltage of 1.53, 1.51, and 1.54 V at 10 mA cm−2 for 140, 255, and 200 h in acid, alkaline, and alkaline seawater electrolytes, respectively. The excellent electrocatalytic performance can be attributed to solid bonding between RuIrOx and the hollow carbon skeleton, and effective electronic coupling between Ru and Ir, thus inducing its remarkable electrocatalytic activities and long‐lasting stability.