bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sur le rôle de la connaissance dans la modernisation de l’État et le statut de l’évaluation
Authors: Leca Jean 
Published: January 2024

On the Role of Knowledge in The Modernization of Government and the Status of Evaluation.
There is no such thing as an objective and unequivocal reality revealed by knowledge without prejudice. There are no simple and universal criteria available to the experts or decision-makers, to identify a solution as being «satisfactory». They are constantly confronted with multiple and changing interests which suddenly introduce new action standards. Even in the case where evaluation is able to reduce these phenomena, it is possible that it does not mobilize attention of policy-makers. And if they demand it, it can very well be impossible : this is the paradox of evaluation, which can only get a sociological solution, taking into account the sequences of public action. In this framework, evaluation must also be conceived as a space of autonomy in relation to the actors to whom it brings information, and not as an element for strategists to manipulate information.
La fonction publique vers la «privatisation»
Authors: D'orta Carlo 
Published: January 2024

The Civil Service, Towards Privatization
Since a long time, the evolution of Italian administration has been under the alternative influence of a hierarchical model (bureaucracy) and a business model (management). The Italian civil service has not escaped the consequences of this phenomenon : it was mainly based upon the hierarchical model and has resisted until recently to different attempts of modernization inspired by the business model. However, there seems to be a radical turn with the Legislative Decree n° 29/1993 — so-called privatization decree — which reforms dramatically the regulatory framework of public employment by decreasing the scope of legislative regulation and favouring collective agreements between unions and public employers. Another phenomenon is increasing : the “southernization” of the civil service is caracterized by a shortage of personnel in the North and a growing distance between administration and society.
Quelques réflexions hexagonales sur l’administration italienne
Authors: Mény Yves 
Published: January 2024

A Few Frenchman’s Views on Italian Administration
The reasons as well as the consequences of Italian maladministration cannot be ignored, and are partly due to bureaucracy itself. But, by making it a scapegoat for all problems of Italian society, one neglects the responsibilities of the political class itself : explosion of regulations, clientelism, accommodation, sprinkling with subsidies ; one also neglects the responsibilities of society : contempt, search for external solutions. Yet if the problems are numerous, one has to take into account that the flaws of Italian administration are different according to functions and geography.
La science administrative : vers une remise en cause de l’approche structurelle ?
Authors: Tanabe Kuniaki 
Published: January 2024

<i>Administrative Science :
Towards a Reappraisal of the Structural Approach ? </i>

Japanese administrative science tries to replace the traditional representations of bureaucracy (planifying and implementing decisions ; redistributing wealth and participating to economic development) which stresses the hold of administrative power on society by a more dynamic concept underlying the role of social forces in activating administrative dynamics. Resorting to political economy and policy analysis have led to new theories which refine structural analysis.
La lente gestation d’un droit administratif : le cas de la Lettonie
Authors: Duntavs Aldis 
Published: January 2024

The Slow Gestation of an Administrative Law : Latvia’s case.
In Latvia, since the return of the independance, the role of the public sector as a whole, State and social structures, is at the heart of thoughts. In this country, there is a wide gap between an extremely institutionalized State and a society which is it not at all. The coexistence of laws conceived on very different basis illustrates well the instability which is increased by the absence of conceptual foundations of the new legal system. However, we can see an administrative law starting to develop, which will enable a better balance between institutions and society.
La réforme administrative en Suède : vers un déclin du contrôle politique de l’administration ?
Authors: Pierre Jon 
Published: January 2024

Administrative Reform in Sweden : The Decline of Executive Capacity ?
In a country like Sweden, which possesses the largest public sector in the Western world and which is often referred to as the model of the welfare State, administrative reform takes on a very particular significance. The renovation of the public sector took place during two successive periods : from 1982 to 1988, and from 1988 to 1995. This modernization policy culminated in a decrease in public services provided by the welfare State, and in a reinforcement of local authorities’ autonomy. However, these reforms did not significantly increase administrative efficiency, and the process of granting private interests access to the public sector has made it necessary to define new management models.
Les universités sont-elles contrôlées ?
Authors: Champagne Pierre 
Published: January 2024

Are Universities being Controlled ?
Universities have obvious autonomy in many areas, particularly as regards teaching. In order to guide and control them, however, the State is short of neither legislative and regulatory provisions, nor of concrete means of incitement. On the more strategie question of the development of universities and new establishments, the State must act in considération of the wishes of these organisations and particularly those of local authorities whose interventions have to be taken into account. Contractual procedures allow all parties to air their point of view and the State to channel initiatives. But neither the universities nor the State fully exploit ways of exercising their respective powers. Dialogue and persuasion, rather than force, are nowadays the most appropriate ways of responding to changes in higher education.
Les stratégies autour de la modernisation des services : comment désamorcer les réticences ?
Authors: Vallemont Serge 
Published: January 2024

<i>Strategies Concerning Service Modernisation :
How to Overcome the Reservations ? </i>
Serge Vallemont
No one should be surprised to leam that the announcement of a plan of reforms would be perceived by trade unions as implying a risk of change in the rules of the game. In this respect the unions are right to develop a vigilant stance which will be adopted ail the more nervously given that relations between the administration and the unions remain premised upon mutual suspicion, an absence of freedom of information and an absence of dialogue. Modernisation, yes, but modernisation of social relations is what is first required.
Une réforme de l'État pour la nation
Authors:   Union générale des fédérations de fonctionnaires CGT
Published: January 2024

State Reform in the Interest of the Nation
The General Union of Civil Servant Federations (CGT)
Following the demonstrations in november/december 1995, the Government in march/april 1996 entered into a pseudo-dialogue about the State reform. The procedures used are aimed at restricting trade union independence, and transforming consultative bodies into rubber-stamping ones. The time has arrived for an indepth restructuring of public services in order to adapt them to the interests of the major groupings, in accordance with the implementation of European directives and the Treaty of Maastricht. However, the primary criterion for public service intervention must be social effectiveness rather than financial profitability.
Peut-on définir la codification ? Éléments communs et éléments divers
Authors: Malaurie Philippe 
Published: January 2024

Can one Define Codification ?
The purpose of this contribution is to put forward several thoughts which may assist in the search for a true definition of codification. This definition is hard to find because it is in itself extremely relative, each attempt at codification having to be viewed in its own context. It is, nevertheless, important to enquire into the object, method and rationale of codification. If the common objective of any codification is to rationalise, to simplify law, then the object and the methods differ. There remains nonetheless an interaction between the common and diverse elements of all codification.
Sens et non-sens d'une codification réformatrice du droit européen
Authors: Legrand Pierre 
Published: January 2024

The Sense and Nonsense of a Reformist Codification of European Law.
The codification of European private law does not appear necessary. In fact, the internal common market, in line with the examples of America and Canada, may benefit from the existence of different systems of private law. The allure of codification mirrors the desire of lawyers schooled in the Roman tradition. Therein lies a serious risk of exclusion, given that in Europe different traditions exist (principally that of the common law) which, by their very nature, find codification an alien concept. Consequently, it is appropriate to follow a middle course towards the integration of laws within Europe, reconciling different traditions.
La codification justinienne
Authors: Gaudemet Jean 
Published: January 2024

The Codification Carried out under Justinian.
The Emperor Justinian was to lead Rome to its heights, particularly in the field of law. The codification of Roman law carried out under Justinian was an immense undertaking which, in its significance and indeed its length, represented the peak of Rome's ambitions. This codification comprised a variety of texts amongst which feature the code and the Digest. Its aim was to regroup legal texts and to ensure they remain up-to-date, in order to increase the effectiveness of law, with each of these two texts having a specific purpose. This magnificent work, despite dating from the 6th century, still remains a fascinating juridical source today.
Les enjeux de la codification dans les pays d’Europe centrale et orientale : la coopération du Conseil de l’Europe
Authors: Leyenberger Stéphane 
Published: January 2024

The Implications of Codification in the Countries of Central and Eastern Europe : Co-operating with the Council of Europe.
Conscious of the importance of codification as an instrument to be used in the construction of the rule of law, the Council of Europe is co-operating with central and eastern European states with the aim of using this technique in the reform of their legal systems. Yet, whatever the stage reached in the process of codification in the countries of central and eastern Europe, a series of common problems are to be encountered which are linked in particular to the many actors involved in the process of codification, but are also connected to the impatience of public opinion which is demanding sweeping and speedy reforms which would normally take several years to implement.
L’État dans un monde en évolution. À propos du rapport de la Banque mondiale.
Authors: Fournier Jacques 
Published: January 2024

State in a Changing World : the Report of the World Bank.
The report of the World Bank on the role of State reveals a limited, but interesting shift in approach to this problem. Consequently, the question of state intervention and public expenditure ought in future to be approached in a less doctrinal and more pragmatic manner. However, structural adjustment remains on the agenda now more than ever before. This betrays a subordination of the public sphere to international economic requirements.
Réforme de l’État et fonction publique en Argentine : changements réels ou réformes formelles ?
Authors: Ouelette Roger 
Published: January 2024

State Reform and the Civil Service in Argentina : Real or Formal Changes ?
Since his election, President Menem has initiated two State reforms (in 1989 and 1996). Beyond calling into question the idea of the state-provider, these reforms are being required to take effect against a back-drop of real revolution in Argentine political culture. The reduction in public expenditure has been realised by rolling-back the state in favour of local authorities and the private sector. The process of decentralisation, which has been pursued since the 1960s, has been accompanied by a significant programme of privatisation. A reorganisation of the public sector has resulted from this. Technical reforms concerning the civil service have, however, led merely to a form of patronage which is more subtle than before. Corruption remains one of the principal preoccupations of Argentine society.
Quelques leçons provisoires de l'expérience française. Les exemples de l'éducation nationale et de l'équipement
Authors: Richard Jacky 
Published: January 2024

A Few Provisional Lessons of French Experience : the Examples of Education and Equipment Departments.
Computerised guide-lines are not simply documents concerning investment programming. One has to distinguish between the exercise of control over carrying out computerised commands on behalf of users and the exercise of control over the actualisation of computerised service provision. Two examples where the instalment of information technology has been successful, in the areas of education and equipment, make it possible to identify the conditions for success. Computer science must be expressly available to be made use of in the strategies pursued by the service which should be supported by new information technologies. Planning for increased usage of technology constitutes, alongside other tools for modernisation, a tool to be utilised in the course of managerial changes.
Administration et politique en Italie : des logiques contradictoires
Authors: Battini Stefano 
Published: January 2024

Administration and Politics in Italy : Contradictory Rationales.
In Italy, the history of the relationship between politics and administration is marked by substantive contradictions between the principle of ministerial responsibility and that of administrative impartiality. Successive reforms of the public dirigenza sought to reconcile these two rationales and to fight against the structural immobility and functional marginalisation of the highest level administration. The introduction of a majority system makes the need for counterbalances increasingly necessary, amongst which the most important is surely the guarantee of a non-partisan administration.
Politique et administration en Espagne : continuité historique et perspectives
Authors: Alba Carlos R. 
Published: January 2024

Politics and Administration in Spain : Historical Continuity and Future Perspectives.
In opposition to the political upheavals which Spain has undergone in her recent history, stands a certain stability of the politico-administrative system. During the time of Franco, the absence of public debate contributed to the complete transfer of politics into the sphere of bureaucracy. Organised into “corps” , the elite benefited from rights and special privileges and succeeded in making itself indispensable by preventing the development of alternative structures. This historical heritage has proved difficult to challenge since the transition towards democracy. Reforms aimed at the professionalisation of the administration have not yet succeeded in depoliticising it.
Prévenir l’échec
Authors: Chevallier Jacques 
Published: January 2024

Preventing Failure.
The origin of reform failures can be of two types : either it is due to their inaptitude to give a satisfying solution for the problem at hand ; or due to their incapacity to overcome the inevitable oppositions to which they are confronted. If the two are interdependent, it implies none the less that one resorts to different means of prevention : on the one hand, adopting stricter conception methods and experimental proceedings ; on the other hand, a stricter political impetus and mobilization of the administrative circle. It is most certain that these different means will not suffice to guarantee success, for ail reforms are subject to an unpredictable margin of error.
Autorité traditionnelle et administration locale au Ghana
Authors: Ray Donald Iain , Dunham Laura 
Published: January 2024

African Traditional Leadership and Rural Local Government in Ghana
This paper examines the relationship between traditional leadership and rural local government in Ghana in terms of the concepts of «control and legitimacy». It is argued that the oscillating nature of this relationship from the time of the imposition and creation of the successor states to the pre-colonial states and political entities until the present time has been partially due to the varying access to the resources of control and legitimacy by the successor state structures and traditional leadership. This dynamic has in turn interacted with varying needs for, and definition of, improved development and management within the realm of rural local government. The case study materials are drawn from Ghana.
Éléments pour une sociologie de l'insécurité
Authors: Robert Philippe 
Published: January 2024

Ingredients for a Sociology of Insecurity.
While the number of assaults has been more or less stable for several years, the sociology of victimisation is changing. The explosion of violence, linked with entry into consumer society, has coincided with a decrease in surveillance of public spaces. Moreover, the problem of petty crime has not been dealt with in any depth. A show was made, in the 70s, of introducing a system of juvenile justice and in attempting integration through the labour market. With the crisis came a radical modification of the data. Integration via employment became difficult and petty crime, comprising thefts and minor assaults, generated an enormous insecurity complex. In response to a growing sense of exclusion the insecurity which is present in certain problematic districts may be partially explained by a desire to affirm an identity. In the face of this phenomenon, the state has shown its capacity to adapt.
Administration communautaire et respect du droit, ou les vertus du dialogue permanent entre fonctionnaires, élus et juges
Authors: Carnelutti Alexandre 
Published: January 2024

The EC administration and law abidance, or the virtues of permanent dialogue between members of the executive, legislative and judicial branches of (EC) Government.
Euroscepticism has settled over the past years as a result of the Commission’s resignation in Mardi 1999. Critics and opponents develop hostility toward the European Union and the perspective of enlargement is feared by public opinion. The author concentrates on three essential features of the European Community. Legislation follows several contradictory debates between Institutions and Member States. The rule of law
L’administration et l’organisation du sport au Royaume-Uni
Authors: Mason Tony 
Published: January 2024

The Administration and Organisation of Sport in the United Kingdom.
Right from the start, the organisation of British sport has resulted above all else from private initiatives on the part of sportsmen and women wanting to fix the rules relating to their disciplines. However, the United Kingdom came late to the organisation of sporting competition and has turned towards the models in place in other countries to perfect its own system. Nevertheless, in spite of developments which have led to increased state intervention in the organisation of sport, it still remains very much based upon voluntary principles.
La réforme de la fonction publique au Cambodge, indicateur de la transition
Authors: Gaillard Maurice 
Published: January 2024

Reform of the Civil Service in Cambodia : a Sign of Transition
The transition in Cambodia from communist dictatorship to liberal democracy has been fraught with similar difficulties to those experienced by all former communist countries, but also with others which are a product of its particular history and culture. Reform of the Cambodian civil service is a telling example. Alongside the heritage of a robust conception of public sector employment lies a deficiency of authority and a lack of means to introduce reforms. Thus, Cambodia finds itself torn between international pressures to reform and local practices open to all influences, hindering any attempt at modernisation. Until now resistance has triumphed over reform, leading the govemment to introduce a two-speed System which is being applied to the civil service.
Crises et réformes de l’État en Asie du Sud-Est : l’ASEAN impuissante
Authors: Boisseau du Rocher Sophie 
Published: January 2024

Crises and State Reform in South-East Asia
ASEAN is an organisation dependant upon the States of which it is composed. The crisis faced by these States could not help but produce repercussions for this organisation. Therefore, while ASEAN initially lacked the power to respond to the crisis, then found itself blocked, rejected, and finally neglected, it seems, however, that today, it has found its second wind. In fact, certain political leaders within the region have realised that the crisis can only be resolved at the regional level and that ASEAN can play a role in this which will be useful to them.
“Nosotros o los Otros”.
Authors: Ciccone Carlos Sebastián , Clemente Aldana , Pretti Carlos Javier 
Published: January 2024

El atentado del 11 de septiembre de 2001 marcó un punto de inflexión en el posicionamiento global frente al fenómeno del terrorismo islámico. En este sentido, Estados Unidos inició una política de “guerra total” a Al Quaeda e invadió Afganistán e Irak, derrocando a ambos gobiernos con el objeto de instaurar sistemas democráticos en la región. Como consecuencia, la lucha contra el terrorismo se convirtió en uno de los principales temas de la agenda de la Potencia del Norte, influyendo no solo en el posicionamiento de los distintos actores del sistema internacional sino también en las relaciones entre Estados Unidos y el resto de los países del mundo, entre ellos Argentina.
El objetivo del presente trabajo es realizar un estudio comparado de los discursos y documentos de los Poderes Ejecutivos de Estados Unidos y Argentina frente al Terrorismo, entendiendo el 11 s como un parteaguas que permite señalar rupturas y continuidades, así como la construcción del otro como enemigo y la configuración de un nuevo sistema de alianzas. Para ello, centraremos atención en los discursos de Bill Clinton, George Bush, Carlos Menem y Néstor Kirchner que aluden a la problemática.
Los mismos serán abordados a partir de la utilización de herramientas metodológicas del Análisis del Discurso, así como también se realizará un abordaje de los imaginarios que subyacen en las distintas construcciones identitarias elaboradas por los actores mencionados.
Roberto Esposito:
Authors: Vendramin Bruno 
Published: January 2024

Desde sus últimas publicaciones, Roberto Esposito (Nápoles, 1950) le ha efectuado al derecho una crítica radical y sobre todo a lo que él denomina dispositivo de la persona. La categoría persona es uno de los pilares sobre los que se han asentado los sistemas jurídicos de Occidente, sobre todo los de raigambre continental. El filósofo napolitano registra tres raíces del concepto de persona: una filosófica, una teológica y otra jurídica. En este trabajo voy a concentrarme en la matriz jurídica de la persona, la que tuvo su indudable origen en el derecho romano y que, con leves modificaciones, ha traspasado hasta la Modernidad y resurgido luego de la segunda guerra mundial. Así, primero analizo la crítica a la persona que expone Esposito, y con ello el concepto de derechos humanos, en virtud de que persona y derechos humanos se encuentran imbricados; luego, estudio la propuesta de Esposito, la que consiste en la formulación de una filosofía de lo impersonal y en la postulación de la tercera persona. Por último, es momento de unir personas y cosas (históricamente separadas) mediante el cuerpo, para transitar de un derecho de las personas a un derecho de los cuerpos.