bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and properties of phenolphthalein‐based thermoplastic poly(ether nitrile imide)s via aromatic nucleophilic substitution polymerization
Authors: Ma Gang , Fang Xingzhong , Chen Guofei 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAromatic nucleophilic substitution polymerization was used to synthesize five poly(ether nitrile imide)s (PENIs) that include benzonitrile and bulky cardo groups from a mixture of phenolphthalein (PP), 4,4′‐bis(4‐fluorophthalimide) diphenyl ether (4,4′‐BFPI), and 2,6‐difluorobenzonitrile (DFBN). The structure and properties relationship of PENIs with different ratios of DFBN and 4,4′‐BFPI was explored. It was found that the glass transition temperature (Tg) of PENIs decreased from 280 to 260°C, while the temperature of 5% thermal weight loss (T5%) in N2 increased from 429 to 453°C as the benzonitrile content in PENI increased. The produced PENI films had good mechanical characteristics, including tensile strengths of 103–112 MPa, elongations at break of 5.6%–8.2%, and tensile moduli of 2.9–3.4 GPa. Furthermore, the solubility and melt processability were also improved with the introduction of the benzonitrile group. Compared with poly(ether ketone imide)s (PEKIs) and poly(ether sulfone imide)s (PESIs), PENIs with benzonitrile displayed higher Tg, tensile modules, and lower complex viscosity.
Psychological safety among K‐12 educators: Patterns over time, and associations with staff well‐being and organizational context
Authors: Fleming Christopher M. , Calvert Hannah G. , Turner Lindsey 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPsychological safety is a psychosocial construct that reflects an individual's perception of social risk in the work environment, and is related to employee performance and well‐being, including job satisfaction and burnout. Psychological safety remains relatively understudied among educators, including its patterns over time and relationships with other aspects of the school environment. This study explored patterns of psychological safety over 4 years among 769 staff at 20 rural K‐12 schools, before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic, and the associations of these patterns with work‐associated well‐being and organizational context outcomes. Repeated measures latent profile analyses identified a 3‐class solution of stable‐high (51.0%), stable‐medium (44.8%), and dynamic‐low (4.2%) psychological safety classes. Those in the stable‐high class had consistently better outcomes, including less burnout and greater self‐efficacy, and better perceived organizational context and climate, compared to other classes. Among educators, psychological safety is generally stable, and reliably differentiates other important outcomes. Interventions fostering greater psychological safety may improve perceptions of the school environment and reduce burnout.
Eight arguments why biodiversity is important to safeguard food security
Authors: Dannenberg Peter , Braun Boris , Greiner Clemens , Follmann Alexander , Haug Michaela , Semedi Hargo Yuwono Pujo , Stetter Markus , Widlok Thomas , Kopriva Stanislav 
Published: February 2024

Societal Impact StatementIn the context of multiple crises, policymakers and practitioners prioritize the solving of certain challenges above others. In this context, supposedly purely environmental challenges like biodiversity loss have often been deprioritized and solutions to tackle them are publicly or quietly postponed (again and again). An example is the postponement of the EU “nature conservation package” in view of the threat of food shortages caused by the war in Ukraine. The following arguments outline why biodiversity loss is not only an environmental challenge but also a global societal challenge to safeguard global food security and why postponing biodiversity measures is not only bad for biodiversity but can also endanger food security itself.SummaryFood security and biodiversity are often counterbalanced. However, we argue that preserving global biodiversity is crucial to safeguarding food security. We first generally outline that biodiversity can (1) support agricultural production, (2) mitigate negative effects of pollution, and (3) provide livelihood outcomes. We then, in particular, argue that biodiversity (4) provides diverse diets to fight hidden hunger, (5) is crucial for resilience against future food security risks, (6) is a precondition for future genetic modifications, (7) addresses the diversity of cultures, income and diets, and (8) is important for place‐sensitive food production. We conclude that “stop hunger first, then worry about diversity afterward” is not a sustainable option.
Tofacitinib pharmacokinetics in children and adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Authors: Chang Cheng , Vong Camille , Wang Xiaoxing , Hazra Anasuya , Diehl Annette , Nicholas Timothy , Mukherjee Arnab 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThese analyses characterized tofacitinib pharmacokinetics (PKs) in children and adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Data were pooled from phase I (NCT01513902), phase III (NCT02592434), and open‐label, long‐term extension (NCT01500551) studies of tofacitinib tablet/solution (weight‐based doses administered twice daily [b.i.d.]) in patients with JIA aged 2 to less than 18 years. Population PK modeling used a nonlinear mixed‐effects approach, with covariates identified using stepwise forward‐inclusion backward‐deletion procedures. Simulations were performed to derive dosing recommendations for children and adolescents with JIA. Two hundred forty‐six pediatric patients were included in the population PK model. A one‐compartment model with first‐order elimination and absorption with body weight as a covariate for oral clearance and apparent volume of distribution sufficiently described the data. Oral solution was associated with comparable average concentration (Cavg) and slightly higher (113.9%) maximum concentration (Cmax) versus tablet, which was confirmed by a subsequent randomized, open‐label, bioavailability study conducted in healthy adult participants (n = 12) by demonstrating adjusted geometric mean ratios (90% confidence interval) between oral solution and tablet of 1.04 (1.00–1.09) and 1.10 (1.00–1.21) for area under the curve extrapolated to infinity and Cmax, respectively (NCT04111614). A dosing regimen of 3.2 mg b.i.d. solution in patients 10 to less than 20 kg, 4 mg b.i.d. solution in patients 20 to less than 40 kg, and 5 mg b.i.d. tablet/solution in patients greater than or equal to 40 kg, irrespective of age, was proposed to achieve constant Cavg across weight groups. In summary, population PK characterization informed a simplified tofacitinib dosing regimen that has been implemented in pediatric patients with JIA.
Observer‐based event‐triggered distributed model predictive control for a class of nonlinear interconnected systems
Authors: Li Hongli , Su Baili , Guo Benshuai 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this paper, an observer‐based event‐triggered distributed model predictive control method is proposed for a class of nonlinear interconnected systems with bounded disturbances, considering unmeasurable states. First of all, the state observer is constructed. It is proved that the observation error is bounded. Second, distributed model predictive controller is designed by using observed value. Meanwhile, the event‐triggered mechanism is set by using the error between the actual output and the predicted output. The setting of event‐triggered mechanism not only ensures the error between the actual output and the predicted output within a certain range, but also reduces the calculation amounts of solving the optimization problem. The states of each subsystem enter the terminal invariant set by distributed model predictive control, and then are stabilized in the invariant set under the action of output feedback control law. In addition, sufficient conditions are given to ensure the feasibility of the algorithm and the stability of the closed‐loop system. Finally, the numerical example is given, and the simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Status and consensus: Heterogeneity in audience evaluations of female‐ versus male‐lead films
Authors: Stroube Bryan K. , Waguespack David M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractResearch SummaryExtant research finds that status characteristics such as gender are frequently related to average quality evaluations by external audiences, but little is known about whether such characteristics are also related to consensus in quality evaluations. We examine 383 million film ratings by consumers to document that female‐lead movies elicit less consensus in quality evaluations than male‐lead movies. In split‐sample analyses, we find that male raters are more negative than female raters about female‐lead titles, and that the two audiences differ on dispersion and skew. A subsequent experiment helps distinguish between various mechanisms that might be driving these results, including actor sorting, audience sorting, and treatment effects on audience quality perceptions. Finally, we find that independent studios yield greater box office revenue from female‐lead movies.Managerial SummaryConsumers often lack consensus about product quality. Does product gender‐typing influence perceived quality consensus? We examine this question in the film industry, where 28.5% of films from 1992 to 2018 had a female actor in the lead role. Using 383 million consumer ratings from a popular website, we find less consensus in ratings of female‐lead films compared to male‐lead films. Some of this effect stems from male audiences who, compared to female audiences, rate female‐lead films lower than male‐lead films and disagree more on their quality. We use an experiment with fictional AI‐generated movie plots and random lead‐actor gender to better understand what drives this effect. Finally, we find independent studios have higher box office revenue from female‐lead films.
Nanoarchitectonics toward Full Coverage of CdZnS Nanospheres by Layered Double Hydroxides for Enhanced Visible‐Light‐Driven H2 Evolution
Authors: Ming Yang , Cheng Zhixing , Shi Shuo , Su Jing , Io Weng‐Fu , Wu Hanbai , Li Jiashen , Fei Bin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractNanoarchitectonics of semiconductors shed light on efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution by precisely controlling the surface microenvironment of cocatalysts. Taking cadmium zinc sulfide (CZS) nanoparticles as a target, the spontaneous modifications are conducted by interactions between surface Cd2+/Zn2+ atoms and thiol groups in thioglycolic acid. The capping ligand impacts the semiconductor surface with a negative electronic environment, contributing to the full coverage of CZS by nickel‐cobalt hydroxides (NiCo‐LDHs) cocatalysts. The obtained core‐shell CZS@NiCo‐LDHs, possessing a shell thickness of ≈20 nm, exhibits a distinguished topology (SBET = 87.65m2 g−1), long surface carrier lifetime, and efficient charge‐hole separation. Further photocatalytic hydrogen evaluation demonstrates an enhanced H2 evolution rate of 18.75 mmol g−1 h−1 with an apparent quantum efficiency of 16.3% at 420 nm. The recorded catalytic performance of the core‐shell sample is 44.6 times higher than that of pure CZS nanospheres under visible light irradiation. Further density functional theory simulations indicate that sulfur atoms play the role of charge acceptor and surface Ni/Co atoms are electron donors, as well as a built‐in electric field effect can be established. Altogether, this work takes advantage of strong S affinity from surface metal atoms, revealing the interfacial engineering toward improved visible‐light‐driven photocatalytic hydrogen evolution (PHE) activity.
Succession of the oral microbiome with the increasing severity of periodontitis
Authors: Mi Jun , Zhi Mengfan , Kang Wenyan , Liang Qianyu , Tang Di , Wang Ting , Song Wenjing , Sun Tianyong , Li Meihui , Shao Jinlong , Ge Shaohua , Feng Qiang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPeriodontitis development is strongly associated with the succession of the oral microbiome. However, the knowledge about the succession of the oral microbiome in the development of periodontitis remains insufficient. In the present study, an analysis was conducted on the succession of tongue back, the saliva (Sal) microbiome, and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) from healthy individuals and patients with mild (CPL), moderate (CPM), severe chronic (CPH), and generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP). The composition and structure of the oral microbiome gradually changed with the increasing severity of periodontitis, among which GCF showed the highest correlation with periodontitis. With an ecological preference, pathogens in the mouth varied with the development of periodontitis. In healthy and CPL patients, Sal‐derived microorganisms accounted for a large proportion of GCF but exhibited a decrease in patients with CPM, CPH, and GAgP. Permutation and time course sequencing analysis revealed that a variety of microorganisms changed with the severity of periodontitis. A majority of these microorganisms are closely related to clinical periodontal indices. Ecological analysis suggested that the composition of oral microbial communities at different stages of periodontitis is controlled by random processes. The comparison of microbial interaction networks demonstrated that a series of key microorganisms drive oral health to severe periodontitis. In this study, the relationship between the succession process of the oral microbiota and the development of periodontitis was revealed.
Effect of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) hard capsules on in vitro rumen fermentation kinetics of commonly used feeds in ruminant feeding
Authors: Valcl Nejc , Lavrenčič Andrej 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundAccurate dosing of feed additives is often required to evaluate their effects on rumen fermentation. This can be done using soluble but nonfermentable hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) hard capsules.ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of HPMC hard capsules on the extent and rate of in vitro gas production in eleven feeds.MethodsSix high‐fibre feeds and five concentrates, were weighed into syringes either directly or into HPMC capsules and incubated anaerobically in 30 mL buffered rumen fluid at 39°C. Data obtained from gas production measurements were fitted using the Gompertz model to obtain kinetic parameters for gas production.ResultsHPMC hard capsules had no effect on the gas production of the blank sample and concentrate feeds. In contrast, high‐fibre feeds weighed in HPMC showed a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in total gas production and gas produced within 24 h of incubation.ConclusionsThe use of HPMC hard capsules was found to be inappropriate for determining gas production kinetics because fermentation subsides at a certain point when peak fermentation is reached (at TMFR), resulting in a decrease in both total potential gas production and gas production within 24 h of incubation. This is particularly evident when high‐fibre feeds are incubated.
Intussusception secondary to retroflexion of a proximal jejunal diverticulum, leading to Type 3 vagal indigestion with severe hypochloraemia in an adult Simmental bull (Bos taurus)
Authors: Wilson Liam A. , Kelly Rob F. , Philbey Adrian W. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntussusception is a rare but well‐described cause of intestinal obstruction in several species, including cattle, and is often associated with enteritis, intestinal parasitism or intestinal neoplasia. Clinical signs are non‐specific and include anorexia with reduced faecal output. This report describes a 4‐year‐old Simmental bull that presented with anorexia and reduced faecal output, along with severe ruminal bloat and a large, dilated intestinal loop palpated rectally. Serum biochemistry identified severe hypochloraemia, consistent with proximal intestinal obstruction and a poor prognosis. Although supportive and symptomatic treatment was provided, the bull died before a definitive diagnosis could be made. Postmortem examination identified a segmental intestinal intussusception, within the proximal jejunum, which had resulted in intestinal obstruction. The primary cause of this intussusception was a retroflexed intestinal diverticulum, which formed the intussusceptum.
Diagnosis of lymphoma based on magnetic resonance imaging, analysis of cerebrospinal fluid, intraocular fluid and fine‐needle aspirate of a uveal mass lesion in a dog
Authors: Santifort Koen M. , Plonek Marta , Kraijer‐Huver Ingrid , Garosi Laurent , Rothacker Tatiana , Mandigers Paul 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA 10.5‐year‐old, male, entire labrador retriever dog was presented for chronic progressive ataxia and recent onset of a left‐sided head tilt and salivation. Neurological examination findings were deemed consistent with a multifocal brain and spinal cord neuroanatomic localisation. Ophthalmological examination of the right eye revealed pupil shape abnormality (dyscoria), a pale uveal mass lesion and white cellular sediment in the anterior chamber. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain, eyes, thoracolumbar and lumbosacral spinal cord and surrounding structures showed multiple lesions affecting the central nervous system (brain), peripheral nervous system (left trigeminal nerve) and right eye. Cerebrospinal fluid, right eye anterior chamber fluid and fine‐needle aspirate biopsy of the uveal mass lesion yielded a cytological diagnosis of lymphoma (suspected large granular lymphocytic). The dog was discharged with palliative treatment and euthanased at home 4 days later. This case report documents the cytological diagnosis of lymphoma in the cerebrospinal fluid, intraocular fluid and fine‐needle aspirate of a uveal mass in a dog.
Bilateral scapular luxation, and subsequent stabilisation, following surgical excision of recurrent interscapular feline injection site sarcoma
Authors: Gosling Mark , Frapwell Emily 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA 14‐year‐old cat presented with multifocal local recurrence of an interscapular feline injection site sarcoma. Aggressive surgical excision of the initial neoplasm had been performed 16 months previously. Distant metastasis was not identified on repeat staging, and the recurrent gross disease was surgically removed with a 2‐cm peripheral margin and one deep tissue plane, resulting in clear histopathological margins. Bilateral dorsal scapular luxation occurred following this surgery, causing significant patient morbidity. A further procedure was performed to stabilise the scapulae by re‐attaching the serratus ventralis muscles and placing scapulo‐costal sutures. The cat regained excellent function and quality of life and is free of gross disease at the time of writing this report, 9 months following surgery for feline injection site sarcoma recurrence.
Anwendungsberichte über den industriellen Einsatz der Mixed Reality im Maschinen- und Anlagenbau
Authors: Sprung Ulf , Celofiga Thomas , Goller Dario , Hönig Jana , Schnierle Marc , von Bergen Timm , Röck Sascha 
Published: February 2024

ZusammenfassungVisualisierungs- und Interaktionsmethoden der Mixed Reality, wie beispielsweise Augmented Reality oder Virtual Reality, eröffnen neuartige Anwendungspotenziale im Maschinen- und Anlagenbau. In diesem Beitrag werden Mehrwerte der Mixed Reality sowie praxisnahe Anwendungsszenarien aus Perspektive von zwei Maschinenbau-Unternehmen präsentiert. Während die topex GmbH in diesem Beitrag den Entwicklungsprozess kundenindividueller Anlagen und die Schulung von Fachpersonal mittels Mixed Reality im Sondermaschinenbau fokussiert, präsentiert die Schuler Pressen GmbH Einsatzszenarien im Produktentstehungszyklus sowie im Betrieb von Werkzeugmaschinen.
Anforderungen und Methoden für die Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation zur Virtuellen Inbetriebnahme von Produktionssystemen
Authors: Röck Sascha , Pritschow† Günter 
Published: February 2024

ZusammenfassungHoher Wettbewerbsdruck und kurze Produktentwicklungszyklen erfordern den Einsatz hochgradig automatisierter und dadurch komplexer Produktionsanlagen. Zur Beherrschbarkeit dieser Komplexität kommen moderne Steuerungssysteme zum Einsatz, deren Funktionalität häufig erst an der realen Anlage getestet werden kann. Eine gängige Methode um frühzeitig Steuerungsfunktionen virtuell testen und in Betrieb nehmen zu können, ist die Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation (HiLS). Dabei wird die reale Steuerung (Hardware) mit einer echtzeitfähigen Anlagensimulation gekoppelt und gegen das virtuelle Anlagenverhalten getestet. Dieser Beitrag erläutert einige Grundlagen und Herausforderungen für den Einsatz einer HiLS zur Virtuellen Inbetriebnahme von realen Steuerungssystemen.
Räumliche Kraftmessung und -regelung mit strukturintegrierter Sensorik in Hexapoden
Authors: Friedrich Christian , Müller Jens , Ihlenfeldt Steffen 
Published: February 2024

ZusammenfassungStrukturintegrierte Kraftsensorik besitzt zahlreiche Vorteile gegenüber klassischen Ansätzen zur Kraftmessung. Gleichzeitig wirken jedoch prozess- und strukturbedingte Einflüsse auf die Kraftsensoren, die in Abhängigkeit der Sensorposition durch ein Messmodell kompensiert werden müssen. Für dynamische Messungen während der Maschinenbewegung müssen diese Messmodelle zwingend in Echtzeit im Steuerungskern laufen und weiterhin durch ein Verfahren zur Parameteridentifikation schnell und einfach an der betriebsbereiten Maschine aktualisiert werden können. Ausgehend von einer systematischen Einordnung möglicher Messsystemvarianten werden die notwendigen Messmodelle und Varianten ihrer Steuerungsintegration vorgestellt. Den Abschluss bildet die Verwendung der integrierten Sensorik für die Kraftregelung und ihre steuerungstechnische Umsetzung in einer kommerziellen Werkzeugmaschinensteuerung.
Echtzeit-Co-Simulation von Produktionsanlagen
Authors: Scheifele Christian , Verl Alexander 
Published: February 2024

ZusammenfassungBei der virtuellen Planung, Auslegung und Inbetriebnahme steigen die Anforderungen an die Aussagekraft Digitaler Zwillinge, um eine umfassende Absicherung und Auslegung im digitalen Entwicklungsprozess zu erreichen. Die Zunahme der Modellkomplexität eines Digitalen Zwillings stellt die Echtzeitsimulation durch den steigenden Berechnungsaufwand vor neue Herausforderungen. Dieser Beitrag stellt eine Plattform zur Echtzeit-Co-Simulation von Digitalen Zwillingen für die Virtuelle Inbetriebnahme vor. Die im Beitrag vorgestellte parallelisierte Modellberechnung auf Basis einer Co-Simulationsarchitektur beabsichtigt die zur Modellberechnung nutzbare Rechenleistung zu steigern. Der Beitrag führt (i) in die Integration leistungsfähiger technologiespezifischer Simulationslösungen durch Integrationsschnittstellen und (ii) die Echtzeit-Co-Simulation von Produktionsanlagen auf Basis von Partitionierungs-, Parallelisierungs-, Synchronisations- und Datenaustauschmechanismen ein.
Open Educational Practices (OEPs) for Research Skill Development with In-Service School Teachers
Authors: Brown Barbara , Jacobsen Michele , Roberts Verena , Hurrell Christie , Travers Mia , Neutzling Nicole 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this chapter, we discuss open educational practices (OEPs) that Teacher Educators (TEs) used to facilitate in-service schoolteachers’ (I-STs’) research thinking. The majority of graduate students in the program held teaching roles in K-12 or educational development and training roles in adult learning contexts. OEPs are participatory and collaborative learning opportunities based on social constructivist principles used in a component of a fully online Master’s program in Education offered by a research university situated on the Canadian prairie. The I-STs in the program were situated as scholars of the profession and were provided with structured learning opportunities to help develop research-based skills (Brown et al. in Open Educational Practices (OEP) create conditions for learning in a graduate school, 2022; Jacobsen et al. in J Univ Teach Learn Pract 15(4):1–18, 2018). Results from our study indicate that responsive teaching is integral to OEP and can help I-STs develop research skills and research thinking.