bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Keep trusting! A plea for the notion of Trustworthy AI
Authors: Zanotti Giacomo , Petrolo Mattia , Chiffi Daniele , Schiaffonati Viola 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA lot of attention has recently been devoted to the notion of Trustworthy AI (TAI). However, the very applicability of the notions of trust and trustworthiness to AI systems has been called into question. A purely epistemic account of trust can hardly ground the distinction between trustworthy and merely reliable AI, while it has been argued that insisting on the importance of the trustee’s motivations and goodwill makes the notion of TAI a categorical error. After providing an overview of the debate, we contend that the prevailing views on trust and AI fail to account for the ethically relevant and value-laden aspects of the design and use of AI systems, and we propose an understanding of the notion of TAI that explicitly aims at capturing these aspects. The problems involved in applying trust and trustworthiness to AI systems are overcome by keeping apart trust in AI systems and interpersonal trust. These notions share a conceptual core but should be treated as distinct ones.
Criteria to Evaluate Tumor Enlargement During the Active Surveillance of High‐Risk Thyroid Nodules: Which is Better, Diameter or Volume?
Authors: Liu Chunhao , Zhao Hao , Lu Ying , Xia Yu , Cao Yue , Zhang Liyang , Zhao Ya , Gao Luying , Liu Ruifeng , Liu Yuewu , Liu Hongfeng , Meng Zhilan , Li Xiaoyi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIntroductionTumor enlargement is the most common parameter identifying disease progression during active surveillance, but the value and significance of the changes in tumor diameter and volume in the evaluation of tumor growth have not been compared.MethodsThis cohort study included 468 patients with high‐risk thyroid nodule, in whom nodule size change was monitored using ultrasound, to compare the changes in tumor diameter and volume in assessing tumor growth.ResultsA total of 569 high‐risk thyroid nodules were found in the 468 patients. A total of 14 nodules (2.5%) showed a diameter increase ≥ 3 mm. The number of nodules with a peak volume change exceeding 50% and 100% was 185 (32.5%) and 86 (15.1%), respectively. Among the 555 stable nodules, the number of nodules with volume fluctuations exceeding 50% and 100% was 171 (30.8%) and 72 (13.0%), respectively. Among 212 stable nodules at the baseline and in the first three follow‐up, the percentage of peak volume fluctuations exceeding 50% (48.5% vs. 28.5%, p = 0.004) and 100% (26.5% vs. 8.3%, p < 0.001) in the nodules with the sum of three diameters (SOTDs) ≤ 1 cm was significantly higher than that of nodules with SOTDs > 1 cm. A statistically significant difference was also found in the range distribution of SOTDs ≤ 1 cm and SOTDs > 1 cm (p = 0.007).ConclusionsVolume is not an appropriate method for determining tumor growth. Tumor diameter measurement alone serves as a better surrogate for disease progression in sonographically high‐risk thyroid nodules than volume.
Evaluation of the FY-3E microwave temperature sounding data assimilation on forecasting Typhoon Chanthu (2021)
Authors: Huang Yu , Li Juan , Qin Zhengkun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFengyun-3E is the first early-morning-orbit polar-orbiting satellite launched by China, which carries the third generation of Microwave Temperature Sounder (MWTS-3). This instrument has 17 channels and it can provide rich atmospheric temperature observation information at different altitudes. To explore the application value of the MWTS-3 data in assimilation, we selected Typhoon Chanthu in 2021 in this study to evaluate the effect of the MWTS-3 data assimilation on the forecasts of typhoons affecting China. The results show that the simultaneous assimilation of the conventional data and MWTS-3 data can effectively correct the westward error of the typhoon track forecasted by the experiments without assimilation and well predict the track of Typhoon Chanthu along the east coast of China and its stay on the ocean area east of Shanghai. Therefore, the characteristics of the heavy rainfall caused by the typhoon only affecting Shanghai and northeastern Zhejiang are also well reproduced. Compared with the conventional data assimilation, the assimilation of the Fengyun-3E MWTS-3 data provides a more noticeable improvement in the typhoon intensity forecasts, thus allowing better forecasts of the spiral rain belt of the typhoon. The results of the rolling test also proved that MWTS-3 data assimilation has a stable improvement effect on typhoon track forecasts and the forecast skill of precipitation heavier than 5 mm.
Toward digital inclusion of older adults in e-health: a case study on support for physical activity
Authors: Revenäs Åsa , Ström Lars , Cicchetti Antonio , Ehn Maria 
Published: October 2023

AbstractOlder adults are a heterogeneous population for which many e-health innovations are inaccessible. Involving older adults in user-centered design (UCD) with a specific focus on inclusive design is important to make e-health more accessible to this user group. This case study aimed to explore the feasibility of a new UCD approach aiming to minimize bias in the design phase of a digital support for older adults’ physical activity (PA). The study used mixed methods and applied UCD principles in a four-iteration design phase followed by an evaluation phase where 11 and 15 older adults participated, respectively. The users’ gender, PA level and technology experience (TE) were considered in recruitment, data analysis and prioritization of improvement efforts. In the design phase, users with different gender, PA level and TE participated and contributed with feedback, which was prioritized in the development. The adaptation included improving readability, simplifying layout and features, clarifying structure, and making the digital content more inclusive and relevant. The evaluation showed that the users had a positive experience of the prototype and could use it with some help. The study demonstrated that adopting e-health to assure digital inclusion among older adults must address several aspects. The UCD approach was feasible for amending user bias and for confirming that users of both genders and with varied PA- and TE level shaped the design. However, evaluation of the method with larger samples is needed. Moreover, further research on methods to involve digitally excluded populations in UCD is needed.
Health literacy and shared decision-making in predictive medicine — professionals’ perceptions and communication strategies
Authors: Harzheim Laura , Lorke Mariya , Schulz Sabine , Jünger Saskia 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Aim
This contribution empirically analyses and theoretically reflects health literacy (HL) and shared decision-making (SDM) in the context of predictive medicine, taking in the perspective of healthcare professionals (HCPs). The aim is to identify ways to promote HL of persons dealing with disease risk, and to support SDM in predictive consultations.

Methods
The perspectives of HCPs consulting patients at early prediction centers and advising them with respect to preventive therapies or further diagnostic procedures were examined using semi-structured, qualitative expert interviews and a complementary survey.

Results
The data reveal resources and challenges regarding risk communication and the empowerment of patients for informed and health-literate decisions upon their disease risk. They also show potentially useful communication strategies and prerequisites for demand-oriented decision-making in the predictive setting. Furthermore, the findings highlight that risk communication and patient information in predictive medicine are considered to be underrepresented in medical education and training. Therefore, this contribution provides implications and suggestions for educational concepts and practical tools for medical education and predictive practice.

Conclusion
We emphasize communication and interaction between HCPs and patients as crucial for health-literate decision-making in the specific context of predictive medicine. This study’s results indicate relevant aspects of social and communicational skills that need to be considered in consultation guides and integrated into medical education and training, to provide individual-sensitive consultation and HL promotion for people at risk.
You just want a break from the hatred of failure: the lived experience of being a student physiotherapist perfectionist and considerations for educators
Authors: McKay Jane , Williams Kim , Stewart Jennie 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPerfectionism is a personality orientation associated with mental health and adjustment problems. Recent evidence demonstrates that perfectionism is widespread among students and on the rise, with recent generations of students placing increasingly more importance on perfection. Whilst the extant literature is vast, it tends to focus on psychopathology and identification of perfectionism correlates rather than the experience of student perfectionism. Furthermore, the education literature is scant and there is a need to understand the deeper processes and nuances of perfectionism, particularly within health professions education where intense study demands, competition to gain entry to educational programmes, and professional cultures may nurture the problem. This phenomenological study explored the lived experiences of ten physiotherapy students as they wrestled with perfectionism in the various facets of their studies. Semi-structured interviews were undertaken, and participants completed log sheets to document perfectionism-related experiences. Idiographic profiles were composed and interview transcripts were analysed, drawing upon features of both phenomenological and thematic analysis. Perfectionism was found to have toxic consequences for the learning experience. Harmful phenomenological experiences included perpetual and excessive achievement striving, punitive self-criticism and health and wellbeing difficulties. A range of sabotaging learning behaviours such as self-handicapping and feedback avoidance was also illuminated, and cultural and organisational influences perceived to foster perfectionism emerged. Findings are discussed in relation to underlying processes and implications for educators. The prospect of findings transferring to other educational contexts is highlighted.
How active/passive social network usage relates to academic performance among high school students in Taiwan
Authors: Cheng Wen , Nguyen Pham Ngoc Thien , Nguyen Nhan Duc 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to explore the effects of active social network usage (ASNU) and passive social network usage (PSNU) on academic performance. Using a survey sample of 621 high school students in Taiwan, the results showed that PSNU did not associate with learning results, whereas ASNU may have its function on students’ learning. Specifically, ASNU interacted with PSNU to predict high school students’ academic performance. Moreover, ASNU undermined the academic performance of those with high PSNU, but not of those with low or medium PSNU. Additionally, for individuals with high PSNU and high ASNU, their performance mostly suffered. The results supported the work–life conflict theory, revealing that excessive social network sites (SNS) use, especially ASNU, might distract students from studying and, therefore, negatively impact their learning performance. The findings may contribute to the clinical and educational fields regarding adolescents’ SNS-using behaviors and psychological development.
Employment Instability and Childbirth over the Last 20 Years in Italy
Authors: Scherer Stefani , Brini Elisa 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFamily formation is fostered by circumstances of plannability and economic and social stability. Conversely, as documented in previous literature, employment instability can hamper fertility decisions. Based on data from the Italian Labour Force Survey, this paper examines the association between employment-related instability and the likelihood of having a first or additional child from 2000 to 2020 in Italy, covering a period characterised by increasing labour market deregulation. Our results show that individual employment instability, such as temporary employment or unemployment, negatively influences the likelihood of having a first and second child, while the progression to higher parities is less affected by employment situations. Building upon previous research, we demonstrate how the negative association between fertility and employment instability has intensified over recent decades, especially for women. The large sample size also allowed for the examination of specific differences by educational levels and both partners’ employment situation. In contrast to traditional views about gender roles, the employment situation of one’s partner seems to matter less for women than for men.
The Evolution from “I think it plus three” Towards “I think it is always plus three.” Transition from Arithmetic Generalization to Algebraic Generalization
Authors: Torres María D. , Moreno Antonio , Vergel Rodolfo , Cañadas María C. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract This paper is part of broader research being conducted in the area of algebraic thinking in primary education. Our general research objective was to identify and describe generalization of a 2nd grade student (aged 7–8). Specifically, we focused on the transition from arithmetic to algebraic generalization. The notion of structure and its continuity in the generalization process are important for this transition. We are presenting a case study with a semi-structured interview where we proposed a task of contextualized generalization involving the function y = x + 3. Special attention was given to the structures evidenced and the type of generalization expressed by the student in the process. We noted that the student identified the correct structure for the task during the interview and that he evidenced a factual type of algebraic generalization. Due to the student’s identification of the appropriate structure and the application of it to other different particular cases, we have observed a transition from arithmetic thinking to algebraic thinking.
Irish Traveller Children’s Play: A Scoping Review
Authors: Bergin Michelle , Boyle Bryan , Lilja Margareta , Prellwitz Maria 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIrish Traveller children, an ethnic indigenous minoritized community in Ireland are identified in Ireland’s play policy as at higher risk of exclusion from realising their right to play, alongside a reported absence of research on indigenous children’s play. This scoping review aimed to identify the breadth and scope of available research on representations of Irish Traveller children’s play and the factors influencing play opportunities. Applying the updated Joanna Briggs Institute methodological guidance, a systematic search was completed of nine databases. Thirty-five peer reviewed studies met the inclusion criteria, descriptive study information was charted and summarised and enabling and restricting factors influencing Irish Traveller children’s play were identified using an existing conceptual model. The scoping review findings revealed a limited focus within research on Irish Traveller children’s play. Included studies however, provided evidence of; the importance of feeling a sense of belonging and safety to enable Irish Traveller children’s access to preferred play opportunities, involving real life activities, physical play outdoors and play with others; Irish Traveller parents value and facilitation of play; and the significant restricting influence of racism on Irish Traveller children’s play .Limited knowledge on Irish Traveller children’s own perspectives on play and the need to address racism as a restricting influence on play in school and community environments are considered in relation to practice and further research. Discourses representing Irish Traveller children as marginalised, were problematized as reflective of culturist assumptions, and a shift towards understanding the situated nature of Irish Traveller children’s play, as a capability is proposed.
A Broken FEEC Framework for Electromagnetic Problems on Mapped Multipatch Domains
Authors: Güçlü Yaman , Hadjout Said , Campos Pinto Martin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe present a framework for the structure-preserving approximation of partial differential equations on mapped multipatch domains, extending the classical theory of finite element exterior calculus (FEEC) to discrete de Rham sequences which are broken, i.e., fully discontinuous across the patch interfaces. Following the Conforming/Nonconforming Galerkin (CONGA) schemes developed in Campos Pinto and Sonnendrücker (Math Comput 85:2651–2685, 2016) and Campos Pinto and Güçlü (Broken-FEEC discretizations and Hodge Laplace problems. arXiv:2109.02553, 2022), our approach is based on: (i) the identification of a conforming discrete de Rham sequence with stable commuting projection operators, (ii) the relaxation of the continuity constraints between patches, and (iii) the construction of conforming projections mapping back to the conforming subspaces, allowing to define discrete differentials on the broken sequence. This framework combines the advantages of conforming FEEC discretizations (e.g. commuting projections, discrete duality and Hodge–Helmholtz decompositions) with the data locality and implementation simplicity of interior penalty methods for discontinuous Galerkin discretizations. We apply it to several initial- and boundary-value problems, as well as eigenvalue problems arising in electromagnetics. In each case our formulations are shown to be well posed thanks to an appropriate stabilization of the jumps across the interfaces, and the solutions are extremely robust with respect to the stabilization parameter. Finally we describe a construction using tensor-product splines on mapped cartesian patches, and we detail the associated matrix operators. Our numerical experiments confirm the accuracy and stability of this discrete framework, and they allow us to verify that expected structure-preserving properties such as divergence or harmonic constraints are respected to floating-point accuracy.
The relationship between thyroid and human-associated microbiota: A systematic review of reviews
Authors: Virili Camilla , Stramazzo Ilaria , Bagaglini Maria Flavia , Carretti Anna Lucia , Capriello Silvia , Romanelli Francesco , Trimboli Pierpaolo , Centanni Marco 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn recent years, a growing number of studies have examined the relationship between thyroid pathophysiology and intestinal microbiota composition. The reciprocal influence between these two entities has been proven so extensive that some authors coined the term "gut-thyroid axis". However, since some papers reported conflicting results, several aspects of this correlation need to be clarified. This systematic review was conceived to achieve more robust information about: 1)the characteristics of gut microbiota composition in patients with the more common morphological, functional and autoimmune disorders of the thyroid; 2)the influence of gut microbial composition on micronutrients that are essential for the maintenance of thyroid homeostasis; 3)the effect of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics, some of the most popular over-the-counter products, on thyroid balance; 4)the opportunity to use specific dietary advice. The literature evaluation was made by three authors independently. A five steps strategy was a priori adopted. After duplicates removal, 1106 records were initially found and 38 reviews were finally included in the analysis. The systematic reviews of reviews found that: 1) some significant variations characterize the gut microbiota composition in patients with thyroid disorders. However, geographical clustering of most of the studies prevents drawing definitive conclusions on this topic; 2) the available knowledge about the effect of probiotics and synbiotics are not strong enough to suggest the routine use of these compounds in patients with thyroid disorders; 3) specific elimination nutrition should not be routine suggested to patients, which, instead have to be checked for possible micronutrients and vitamins deficiency, often owed to gastrointestinal autoimmune comorbidities.
Trojan Asteroid Satellites, Rings, and Activity
Authors: Noll Keith S. , Brown Michael E. , Buie Marc W. , Grundy William M. , Levison Harold F. , Marchi Simone , Olkin Catherine B. , Stern S. Alan , Weaver Harold A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe Lucy mission will encounter five Jupiter Trojans during its mission with three of the five already known to be multiple systems. These include a near-equal-mass binary, a small and widely separated satellite, and one intermediate-size satellite system. This chapter reviews the current state of knowledge of Trojan asteroid satellites in the context of similar satellite systems in other small body populations. The prospects for the detection of additional satellites as well as other near-body phenomena are considered. The scientific utility of satellites makes their observation with Lucy an important scientific priority for the mission.
Spatial joint models through Bayesian structured piecewise additive joint modelling for longitudinal and time-to-event data
Authors: Rappl Anja , Kneib Thomas , Lang Stefan , Bergherr Elisabeth 
Published: October 2023

AbstractJoint models for longitudinal and time-to-event data simultaneously model longitudinal and time-to-event information to avoid bias by combining usually a linear mixed model with a proportional hazards model. This model class has seen many developments in recent years, yet joint models including a spatial predictor are still rare and the traditional proportional hazards formulation of the time-to-event part of the model is accompanied by computational challenges. We propose a joint model with a piecewise exponential formulation of the hazard using the counting process representation of a hazard and structured additive predictors able to estimate (non-)linear, spatial and random effects. Its capabilities are assessed in a simulation study comparing our approach to an established one and highlighted by an example on physical functioning after cardiovascular events from the German Ageing Survey. The Structured Piecewise Additive Joint Model yielded good estimation performance, also and especially in spatial effects, while being double as fast as the chosen benchmark approach and performing stable in an imbalanced data setting with few events.