bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of metformin, glyburide and their combination on lipid profile in NIDDM patients
Authors: H. Hashim Reyadh 
Published: January 2024

Background and Objectives: DM plays an important role in the endothelial dysfunction and vascular complications like dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis., It is important now a day to evaluate the dyslipidemic effects of oral hypoglycemic drugs in addition to blood glucose lowering effects, since this may provides a better treatment approach and participates in the prevention of complications of DM.Patients and Methods :We studied the dyslipidemic effects of glyburide, metformin, and their combination on (111) NIDDM patients aged from 39 â€“ 58 years, treated for two years with different treatment lines and compared the results with healthy controls. Serum (TC-C), (TG-C),(HDL-C),(VLDL-C), and (LDL-C) levels were estimated as a marker of dyslipidemia in the serum utilizing lipid profile kit.
Results: Serum TC-C, TG-C, LDL-C, and VLDL-C levels significantly reduced and serum HDL-C levels significantly elevated in patients used metformin alone and glyburide / metformin combination therapy so, maintained serum lipid profiles at levels closer to that of controls, while patients used glyburide as monotherapy significantly increased serum TG-C, TC-C, VLDL-C, and LDL-C levels and significantly decreased serum HDL-C levels in comparison to control group.Conclusion: Metformin / glyburide combination therapy and metformin monotherapy provide better protection against dyslipidemia associated with NIDDM patients than glyburide used alone, and hence better prevention of complications like atherosclerosis.
Emergence of plasmid mediated aac(6Â´)-Ib-cr Gene in Flouroquinolon- resistant Acinetobacter spp
Authors: H. Al-Hamadani Adnan , M. Al-Mohana Ali , S. Al-Khazaali Ali 
Published: January 2024

This study aimed to detection of plasmid mediated aac(6Â´)-Ib-cr gene in fluoroquinolon resistant Acinetobacter spp. A total of 154 clinical and inanimated samples were collected from inpatients and medical devices from different units in Al-Dewaniyah Teaching Hospital during a period of five months from November 2011 to March 2012. Sources of specimens were ICU (n= 85), burn unit (n=43) and urine from inpatients suspected with UTI (n=26). Totally, 16(10.3) Acinetobacter spp. were obtained. Identification of Acinetobacter isolates to species level was done by VITEK 2 compact system, results showed that the vast majority of isolates belong to A. calcoaceticus A. baumannii complex (15, 93.8%) while only one isolate (6.3%) was belong to species A. lowffii. All of the 16 Acinetobacter spp. isolates were testwd to susceptibility against 20 antibiotics by VITEK 2 system with GN-AST23 cassettes.Result showed that all of isolates were resistant to at least three classes ofantibiotics.
Isolates showed high resistance rates to first-, second-, third- and fourth generation cephalosporin, aminoglycosides and nitrofurantoin. Results revealed that 11 isolates were fluoroquinolon resistant. DNA of the fluoroquinolon resistant isolates was extracted and used in PCR assay. Results showed that 4(32.3%) isolates were harboring aac(6Â´)-Ib-cr gene.
Students` Self-Assessment in Pediatrics in Al-Qadisiah University School of Medicine
Authors: N Al-Hajjiah Nasma , M Al-Shamsi Mohammed , L-Zamili Sabah 
Published: January 2024

Objective: student self-evaluation is an important component of clinical education and also of a comprehensive clinical evaluation system. Our aim was to determine the reliability in the evaluation system in our college.Methods: The study included 72 final year medical students in the academic year 2010-2011. The students were asked to freely evaluate their selves in the final theory, traditional long case and OSCE in pediatrics by putting a score representing their performance in these exams. The students self-rating was compared with the actual scores these students obtained.Results: There was a significant correlation between students self-rating and the actual students scores in the final exam in pediatrics.Conclusion: In the presence of a consensus among departments on the level of knowledge and skills that need to be mastered by students during undergraduate medical education, and the implementation of active training program ; students self evaluation could be used as an additional method of students evaluation and assessment.
Estimation of Ceraluplasmin (CER) and Alpha- 1 Antitrypsin (AAT) levels among hepatitis patients in acute and chronic state
Authors: M.K. Aljebory Abdul Hussien , Abdulhussien Mussa Talib , Hamaad M. Raheem Tuama Shakir 
Published: January 2024

Hepatitis Viruses are a common cause of viral hepatitis, it has a wide distribution among peoples, it has more than five common types: Hepatitis A, B, C, D, E. The level of Ceraluplasmin and alpha- 1 antitrypsin differences in acute and chronic hepatitis, it may be normal or mild increased in acute hepatitis while is decreased in chronic hepatitis patients. And the aim of this study to find out the relationship between the frequency of hepatitis and the concentration of immunochemical protein (such as Ceraluplasmin and Alpha -1 antitrypsin) present in patients during the acute and chronic periods of hepatitis infections. The total number of 36 patients with hepatitis (B) and 30 patients with hepatitis (C) viral infection with an age range (22- 55 years) were enrolled in this study. Patients who had liver cirrhosis was excluded from this study. With a total number of 24 age matched apparently healthy control group was taken to be compared with case studies. Assessment of serum levels of Ceraluplasmin and Î±-1 Antitrypsin were done by the Single Radial Immunodiffusion Assay to both case study and control group in Babylon public health laboratory from June to September 2007. The our result shows no significant (N.S) increased in level of up-1 Antitrypsin among acute patient in both types (B and C) While there is a highly significant (H.S.) result for chronic patients also in both types (B and C). Ceraluplasmin level show (N.S.) decreased among acute patient while there decreases ( H.S. ) In both groups of patients (B and C) after compared with a control sample. This result with agreement with many universal results.
Co-infection intestinal fungi and protozoa inimmunocompromised patients with detection of some virulence factors of these organisms by using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
Authors: Abbes AL-Khalidy Baheja , Naji AL-Shimari Ma,ani , Ghafil Abbas Abbas 
Published: January 2024

In this study was undertaken to detect some virulence factors to co-infection of intestinal fungi (Candida albicans, Aspergillus fumigates) and parasite (Giardia lambelia, Entameba histolytica) in immunocompromised patients by polymerase chain reaction(PCR)technique.About, 100 specimens of stool were collected from three groups of patients included malignant tumor (35), , renal failure (50) and HIV (15) during period 5 November 2012 to 15 May2013.The results of this study showed the highest rate infection(66.66%) was in HIV while lowest rate (57.14%) were in malignant tumor patients .So the highest rate were recorded in age group (60-75),then male recorded rate infection(69.04%) while in female (53.44) but statically no significant difference between two groups.Candida albicans recorded highest rate prevalence recorded to (41%) followed by Aspergillus fumigates (34%) and Giardia lambelia (53%) while Entameba histolytica (46%). According to the results of molecular test showed Candida albicans contain asp gene in (350 bp) sequence and Aspergillus fumigatus contain Gliotoxin gene in (550bp) sequence. So Giardia lambelia contain Cystine Rich Protein CRP65gene in (460 bp) sequence and Entameba histolytica contain Lectin(hg13) gene ( 900 bp) The results of this study showed the yeast and fungi appeared high resistant to antifungal which used in this study except Amphotericn B which were sensitive to it by rate (80%).
Efficacy of modified midurethral minisling in stress urinary incontinence patients in Al-Diwaniya teaching hospital
Authors: Ali Al-khafaji Falah Mahdi 
Published: January 2024

Aim: to evaluate the efficacy of using modified midurethral minisling in women with SUI in Al-Diwaniya teaching hospital.
Patients and methods: 22 women underwent minisling were diagnosed as pure SUI.
Results: mean parity was 4.1, mean duration of symptoms was 28.8 months, mean length of operation was 65 minutes, mean length of hospital stay was 8 hours, mean cost was 195.000 ID, postoperatively ; one case with urine retention, no bladder injury , no vaginal or urethral erosion, no De novo urgency. Three failed cases(recurrent) assessed subjectively(history and examination) and objectively (Urodynamic testing).
Conclusion: efficacy of modified midurethral minisling is comparable to TVT-TOT with lower cost.
Aim: to evaluate the efficacy of using modified midurethral minisling in women with SUI in Al-Diwaniya teaching hospital.
Patients and methods: 22 women underwent minisling were diagnosed as pure SUI.
Results: mean parity was 4.1, mean duration of symptoms was 28.8 months, mean length of operation was 65 minutes, mean length of hospital stay was 8 hours, mean cost was 195.000 ID, postoperatively ; one case with urine retention, no bladder injury , no vaginal or urethral erosion, no De novo urgency. Three failed cases(recurrent) assessed subjectively(history and examination) and objectively (Urodynamic testing).
Conclusion: efficacy of modified midurethral minisling is comparable to TVT-TOT with lower cost.
Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice in a sample of Iraqi type 2 diabetic patients
Authors: Quraish Kareem Abbas Saied , F. Al-Tukmagi Haydar , F. AL-Auqbi Tawfeeq 
Published: January 2024

Background: knowledge; attitude and practice backgrounds affect much the outcome of diabetes. Non-compliance imposes a considerable health care and financial burden on the health system.
Objectives: To assess the knowledge, attitude and practice background of type 2 diabetes Iraqi patients toward their disease by using the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) questionnaire.
Results: Mean knowledge score was 6.48+2.66, attitude score was 5.28+2.07 and practice score was 4.62+1.49. males showed significantly higher KAP scores than females (P<0.001). Patients with higher significant education had the highest knowlegde score in comparison with those with secondary eduction; the difference was statistically highly significant (P<0.001). Patients living in urban areas showed significantly higher mean score than those living in rural areas (P<0.001). Patients who had jobs experienced a significantly higher knowledge score than those without job (P<0.001). Smoker patients had significantly higher KAP scores than non-smoker patients (P<0.001).
Conclusion: The study concluded that low/ moderate knowledge, attitude and practice of diabetes among the diabetic patients, which need more effort and role to be played by clinical pharmacist to fulfill this gap.
Arteriovenous Fistula In End Stage Renal Disease With Modified Technique
Authors: Kadum kredi Usama , Hussein Attar Mudher 
Published: January 2024

Background brachiocephalic fistula is a best choice for long term hemodialysis as a vascular access comparing with central venous catheter & arterio venous graft .
Aim: aim of this study is to increase successful rate of brachiocephalic fistula.
Methods: In this study patients divided as controlled group (75 patients) which operated on with classical technique & studded group (225 patients) which operated on with modified technique I e (cut a patch from arterial wall, ligation of distal & deep tributaries , us of heparin , avoid hypotension &keep upper limb extended & supinated.
Results: Overall successful e rate was 90,4% which represent as 84% in controlled group & 92,5% in studded group .
Although DM represent 61% of patients & hypertension represent 56,5% of patients the failure rate was more in patients with HT (72%) & (55,1) in patients with DM.
Conclusion: Modified technique for arteriovenous fistula should be used in all patients with DM,HT & CTD to increase successful rate .
Aettiiollogy off Hoarrseness iin Pattiientts above 40 Yearrs off Age (Across Secttiionall Sttudy)
Authors: Mahdii Mhabiish Faaz , All Yasiri Rahi 
Published: January 2024

Objectives: this study is designed to determine the most common causes of hoarseness in patients above 40 years of age and the relationship between hoarseness causes and its duration.
Patient and Methods: the study is cross sectional study. It considers 80 patients with hoarseness who were assessed between april 2011 and December 2011 at E.N.T. outpatient clinic ;department of otolaryngology in AL Diwaniya Teaching hospitalIn AL Diwaniya city. Ira
Results :out of the 80 patients ,57 had hoarseness because of non-neoplastic causes giving an incidence of 71,25% (infective laryngitis n= 23,28.75% ,acid laryngitis n =17,21.25%, allergic laryngitis n =13,16.25,%, vocal cord palsy n =2, 2.5,%, psychogenic n =2,2.5%, ) while hoarseness occured in the remaining 23 patients as aresult of neoplastic causes, giving an incidence of 28, 75% (laryngea carcinoma n = 12, 15 % vocal cord polyp n =6, 7.5 %,voca c. nodule n = 3, 375%,laryngeal cyst n =1 1. 25% granuoma n = 1,1.25%, benign tumor n = 00 %) we also found that hoarse patients for aduration of more than one month were; likely to have aneoplastc cause more than non-neoplastic cause Conclusionsthe incidence of non neoplaic causes of hoarseness in patents more than 40 year d are more common han neoplastic causes. Moreover hoarse patients who have alonger duraton of hoarseness have amore chance to have neoplasic cause than non- neoplastic cause
The rate of re-operation in patients with chronic subdural hematoma
Authors: Ali Ahmed Meethak , Abbas Obaidi Zuhair 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Chronic subdural hematoma is a collection of liquefied blood between the dura and arachnoid layer of the brain which thought to result from injury to bridging veins crossing the subdural space. Patients with chronic subdural haematomas can present in a variety of ways, and symptom onset and progression may range from days to weeks. Surgical approach with standard methods is still controversial.
Objective: to compare patients outcome following two surgical approaches with or without closed system drainge.
Patients and methods: The present prospective cohort study included 40 patients with subdural hematoma throughout the period extending from January 2010 to August 2014. Two bur hole craniostomies (12 mm in diameter) were made in each patients; one in front of the coronal suture and the other behind the hematoma and the procedure was done without membranectomy. In 15 cases, closed system drainage was placed into the hematoma cavity for an average of 2 days (1 to 3 days) after irrigation with physiologic saline solution.
Results: The outcome after operation was as following: 5 out of 25 patients in the first group needed re-operation accounting for a rate of (20%). The rate was slightly lower in the second group; 2 out of 15 (13.3%). The difference in rate of re-operation was not significant (P> 0.05)
Conclusion: The use of subdural closed drainage system is not superior to drainage and simple closure in treatment of chronic subdural hematoma.
Efficacy and safety of adding single dose insulin glargine in patients with type 2 diabetes uncontrolled by oral hypoglycemic drugs
Authors: Saad Al-Deen Abdul Razzaq Al-hilly Ali 
Published: January 2024

Abstract:
Unfortunately, a Significant number of type 2 diabetic patients on oral hypoglycemic agents are not achieving the desired and recommended target of glycemic control in terms of reduction of HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose, this is largely because most of them are reluctant to use insulin injections for many reasons, mainly the painful injection, fear of hypoglycemia or inability to adapt to a complex regimen of multiple insulin injections. it has been recommended by many diabetes associations ( the American diabetes association(ADA) and the European association for the study of diabetes(EASD) ), in their algorithm of management of hyperglycemia in patients with uncontrolled diabetes (HbA1c < 7 %) to add a basal ( long acting) insulin to their oral drug regimen as a more simple initial step of adding insulin that is acceptable by most patients and capable of achieving target glycemic levels. insulin glargine is the preferred long acting insulin analogue for its pharmacodynamic properties (peakless action profile with low incidence of hypoglycemia and longer duration of action) , furthermore, its pen formulary makes it less painful than conventional human insulin syringe injections.
Determination of Antimicrobial Activity of Bi2O3 nanospheres Against Multi-Drug Resistant Pathogenic Bacteria
Authors: A. Alredha Abeer , M. Abdulridha Wasna'a , S. Alsehlawi Zuhair , N. Abd Ahmed 
Published: January 2024

The main objective of this study was to evaluate the bactericidal activity of Bi2O3nanospheres against the antimicrobial resistant isolates included Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coliandKlebsiella sp.Bismuth Oxide Nanospere particles was prepared by chemical reduction technique with (11-30)nm average diameter, the colloidal of Bi2O3nanospheres was characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), TransmitionElectron Microscopy (TEM) and UV–Vis spectrophotometry. Three pathogenic strains of multi-drug resistant bacteria of each Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coliandKlebsiella sp.were isolated and identified from different clinical samples usingtraditional methods on bacteriological culture media. The antibacterial susceptibility of (Amoxicillin, Cefotaxime,Gentamicin, and Ciproflouxacin) were analyzed on Muller Hinton agar plate and the activity of Bi2O3nanospheres was assayed using well diffusion method against tested bacteria. The results of antibacterial susceptibility of bacterial isolates exhibited high resistance to the antibiotics that used in the current study. According to these findings thecolloidalof Bi2O3nanospheres revealed highest activity when using 100 ?g/ml and the mean of inhibition zone was 18-22 mm for each S. aureus, E. coliandKlebsiella sp. However, the study showed slight effects (meanof inhibition zones ? 13 mm) when used50?g/ml of Bi2O3nanospheres. In same way, the E. coliandKlebsiellasp were more susceptible (mean of inhibition zones;15-12mm) for 150?g/mlofBi2O3nanospheres, than S. aureus. It is concluded that theBi2O3nanosphereshave insitu effectiveness an displayed a good antibacterial action against the tested bacterial isolates.
Effects of Non-Steroid Anti-Inflammatory Drugs on the Lower Gastrointestinal Tract.
Authors: Nimnim Ali Talib 
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Adverse effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) on the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract and small intestine are well described. Evidence is also accumulating that NSAIDS can induce and/or exacerbate the underlying pathology in the distal GI tract. The aim of this study was to estimate the effect NSAIDs on distal GIT
METHODS: In 79 consecutive patients with chronic user of NSAIDs and 50 matched controls were included in this study which is done in Aldewanyia city. A detailed clinical history and physical examination were taking. Sigmoidoscopy; with or without colonoscopy were done were done to all patients and volunteer candidates, with histopathological study of rectal and colonic biopsies
RESULTS: Of the 79 cases of patients, 38 (48%) were had lower clinical manifestation and 31(39%) of patients had histopathological which is mainly non-specific colitis vs. 9 (22%), 4(8%) of controls; P < 0.0001). NSAID use was aspirin (alone or combined) in 34.2% of cases, and 70.25% were using other NSAIDs alone or combined. Other independent risk factors were also assessed like smoking, diabetes, and body weight.
CONCLUSIONS: NSAID use is strongly associated with an increased risk of upper GIT. This review study point up that NSAIDs can cause significant morbidity in some patients ranging from changing of bowel motion, profuse diarrhea, exacerbating of underlying inflammatory bowel disease, to chronic blood loss with iron deficiency anemia. The pathogenesis is likely multifactorial and is thought to be related to inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis with direct effect of drugs or its metabolites.
The high prevalence of aspirin and other NSAIDs use suggests that adverse effects on GIT are increasing and should increasing the clinical awareness of these adverse effect throughout the GI tract may reduce morbidity. Concomitant NSAID use, smoking, and alcohol use is a widely association.
Study of Neural Tube Defects at Al-Diwaniyah Province / Iraq
Authors: Wannas Abd Abdulaziz , Ali Ahmed Meethak , Jasim Mohammed Mahmood 
Published: January 2024

Background: The Neural tube defects NTDs refers to defect ocurr at birth resulting from defect in closure of the neural tube during early intra uterine life after conception; these anomalies are usually divided into cephalic and spinal forms. They include three main type , anencephaly, spina bifida and encephalocele , These NTDs are considered important causes of morbidity and mortality in infancy, childhood, and even young adulthood .
Objective: The aim of study is to study the type and incidence of the neural tube defect and it is it is risk factors and other associated variable.
Methods : This descriptive prospective study was carried on 120000 lived newborns from December 201 3 to December 2015 in al diwaniya teaching hospital , neurosurgical department and pediatrics hospital in al diwaniya province in south west Iraq ,the questionnaire include all the information's case were defined as women residing in the al diwaniya government , delivered live or still born with neural Tube defect . important feature related to the neonates and their parents like gender ,date of birth , type of neural tube defect ,father and mother age ,consanguineous marriage, drug take during pregnancy ,maternal diseases ,previous history of neural tube defect .

RESULTS : During a period of three years 2013-2015, there were (120,768 total ) birth ; the number of total births registered during the 3 years was 41761 in 2013, 39353 in 2014, and 39652 in 2015 . Among this sample population,112 women had fetus or newborn with NTD ( 1.078 per 1000birth ), An encephaly {3 (2.7%)} , spina bifida {103(92%)}, Encephalocele{6(5.3%)} Meningocele {20(17.9%)},Meningomyelocele {76 (67.9%)}, myeloschiasis {7 (6.2%)}, The age of 112 women that her babies affected NTDs , 30(26.8%) had 16-25 years , 55 (49.1%) had 26-35 years while 27 (24.1%) had above 35 years .
Conclusion: This study showed that folate deficiency are very important in reducing the NTDs occurrences consanguineous marriage is not important risk factor for NTDs.