bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of three effective components in Fructus corni and its preparations by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography
Authors: Wang Shu Fang , Chen Xing Guo , Hu Zhi De , Ju Yong 
Published: July 2003

AbstractAn efficient micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography method was developed to analyze three major active components including morroniside, loganin and gallic acid in Fructus corni and its six preparations for the first time. The factors that could affect the separation were studied, such as the pH of the buffer, concentrations of SDS, organic modifier and β‐CD, and the applied voltage. The optimum analysis conditions were 10 mmol/L NaH2PO4–5 mmol/L Na2B4O7 (pH 6.8) buffer containing 140 mmol/L SDS, 1 mmol/L β‐CD, 5% (v/v) methanol and 12.5 kV applied voltage. The linearity between the peak‐areas and the concentrations of the analytes were investigated, and they exhibit excellent linear behavior over the concentration ranges (correlation coefficients 0.9953–0.9995). In addition, the pKa of gallic acid was determined using capillary zone electrophoresis. The result was consistent with that reported by the literature. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Monitoring manufacturing process yields, purity and stability of structural variants of PEGylated staphylokinase mutant SY161 by quantitative reverse‐phase chromatography
Authors: Johnson Catharine , Royal Mabel , Moreadith Randall , Bedu‐Addo Frank , Advant Siddharth , Wan Min , Conn Greg 
Published: July 2003

AbstractStaphylokinase variant SY161 is a recombinant mutant of the Staphylococcus aureus polypeptide staphylokinase (Sak), and is currently in human clinical trials as a thrombolytic agent. The 15 kDa single chain SY161 protein is expressed as a soluble cytoplasmic product in E. coli with a single cysteine inserted near the N‐terminus. The protein as extracted from E. coli is a mixture of both monomeric and intermolecularly disulfide crosslinked species. To improve protein purification yields SY161 is sulfitolyzed during the early stages of production, preventing disulfide formation. The protein is later modified during manufacturing to incorporate a single 5 kDa polyethylene glycol group on the single sulfhydryl sidechain. We have developed and qualified a reverse‐phase chromatographic method to quantitate SY161 during product manufacturing. We discuss the use of the assay during manufacturing development to monitor fermentation yields, the SY161 PEGylation reaction, and as an in‐process manufacturing control assay. The assay has been applied as a product purity and identity release assay and is suitable for use in assessing product structural integrity during stability testing. The assay has a linear range of quantitation for SY161 from at least 0.15 to 16 µg, and is­in addition capable of detecting and quantitating protein de‐PEGylation events and host cell‐derived protein contaminants. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An optimized method for determination of intracellular glutathione in mouse macrophage cultures by fluorimetric high‐performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Komatsu Hiroyoshi , Obata Fumiya 
Published: July 2003

AbstractWe have optimized a method for the determination of intracellular glutathione by high‐performance liquid chromatography, using fluorimetric detection. To minimize artifacts and provide an accurate determination of intracellular glutathione, cell extracts were prepared using extraction conditions specifically designed to inhibit autoxidation and enzymatic degradation of glutathione. The sensitivity of the method was enhanced by adjusting the dansyl chloride derivatization reaction with regard to parameters such as pH, reaction time and dansyl chloride concentration. Both oxidized and reduced forms of glutathione were quantified using the refined method in extracts of oxidatively stressed J774A.1 mouse macrophage cells and reflected an expected shift in cellular redox status. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bioanalytical considerations for compounds containing free sulfhydryl groups
Authors: Srinivas Nuggehally R. , Mamidi Rao N. V. S. 
Published: July 2003

AbstractThiol‐containing compounds pose bioanalytical challenge in several dimensions due to extreme reactivity of the sulfhydryl group. The development of robust bioanalytical methodology for thiol groups should address the aspects of adequate stabilization in the biological matrix and selectivity considerations. In this context, availability of plethora of thiol reagents provides ample opportunity to achieve the above goals. However, several considerations need to be factored into the decision‐making of a suitable scheme for the thiol drugs under investigation. This review provides some critical insights to many such considerations that may be vital for development and validation of methods for thiol‐containing drugs. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Changes in the surgical management of patients with breast carcinoma based on preoperative magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Bedrosian Isabelle , Mick Rosemarie , Orel Susan G. , Schnall Mitchell , Reynolds Carol , Spitz Francis R. , Callans Linda S. , Buzby Gordon P. , Rosato Ernest F. , Fraker Douglas L. , Czerniecki Brian J. 
Published: July 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDBreast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a developing technique for the evaluation of patients with primary breast carcinoma. The authors assessed the impact of preoperative breast MRI on surgical management.METHODSThe current study was a retrospective review of 267 patients with primary breast tumors who had MRI studies prior to undergoing definitive surgery.RESULTSTwo hundred sixty‐seven patients with invasive breast carcinoma who had preoperative breast MRI studies and had complete clinical, radiologic, and pathologic data available were identified and formed the basis of this analysis. The overall sensitivity of MRI for detecting primary, intact breast tumors was 95%. Planned surgical management was altered in 69 of 267 patients (26%); and, in 49 of those patients (71%), there was pathologic verification of malignancy in the surgical specimen that confirmed the need for wider or separate excision or mastectomy. Forty‐four of 267 patients (16.5%) had conversion of planned breast conservation to mastectomy. In a univariate analysis, change in management was associated significantly with histology; management was altered in 11 of 24 lobular tumors (46%) compared with 58 of 243 ductal tumors (24%; P = 0.02).CONCLUSIONSBreast MRI was very sensitive for the detection of primary, intact, invasive breast carcinoma and improved local staging in almost 20% of patients. Preoperative breast MRI studies may be particularly useful in surgical planning for and management of patients with lobular carcinoma. Cancer 2003;98:468–73. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11490
Race independently predicts prostate specific antigen testing frequency following a prostate carcinoma diagnosis
Authors: Zeliadt Steven B. , Penson David F. , Albertsen Peter C. , Concato John , Etzioni Ruth D. 
Published: July 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe goals of the current study were to describe patterns of prostate specific antigen (PSA) surveillance for prostate carcinoma progression in a community‐based cohort of patients and to identify independent clinical and sociodemographic factors that predict the frequency of surveillance.METHODSPatients diagnosed with localized prostate carcinoma from October 1, 1991 to December 31, 1992 in New Haven and Hartford, Connecticut, were identified. Data were collected through standardized outpatient medical record review. Multivariate statistical methods were used to determine the factors that independently predicted the frequency of surveillance.RESULTSSix hundred fifty‐eight men with localized prostate carcinoma were included in the cohort. Forty‐five percent of all patients were tested at least once annually, and 69% were tested at least once every 2 years. Multivariate models indicated that African American men were half as likely as Caucasian men to receive annual testing (odds ratio [OR], 0.49; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.24–0.97). Men diagnosed at age 70 years or older were 38% less likely to have annual testing than men diagnosed between the ages of 65 and 69 (OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.41–0.94). A higher Gleason score and PSA at presentation also were associated independently with higher rates of annual PSA surveillance.CONCLUSIONSPostdiagnosis PSA surveillance is common, although not universal. African American men were at significantly greater risk for receiving less frequent testing compared with Caucasian men. This disparity in access to care may explain, in part, previously observed racial differences in survival in prostate carcinoma. Further research is needed to identify the reasons for the racial disparity in PSA surveillance and to design interventions to lessen these differences. Cancer 2003;98:496–503. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11492
Prognosis of localized diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma in younger patients
Authors: Møller Michael B. , Christensen Bjarne E. , Pedersen Niels T. 
Published: July 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe International Prognostic Index (IPI) is widely used as a predictive model in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients of all ages and stages. To determine the optimal IPI‐based prognostic system at the time of diagnosis in younger patients with limited‐stage DLBCL, the authors evaluated the age‐adjusted IPI and the recently proposed stage‐adjusted IPI, and constructed an IPI‐based model adjusted for both age and stage.METHODSFrom the population‐based LYFO registry of the Danish Lymphoma Group, 233 patients not older than 60 years with Stage I‐II DLBCL treated with anthracycline‐based chemotherapy with or without involved‐field irradiation were identified. The primary endpoint of analysis was overall survival.RESULTSAt the end of the observation period, 151 patients were alive with a median follow‐up time of 8.3 years. All the variables in the age‐adjusted and the stage‐adjusted IPI had major prognostic significance (P≤ 0.0001). Log‐rank analyses of survival showed highly significant differences between the subgroups in each model (P< 0.0001); however, the stage‐adjusted IPI was more powerful (chi‐square test = 44.99) than the age‐adjusted IPI (chi‐square test = 36.27). By using the median age of the cohort (50 years) as a cutoff point, age was found to be a strong prognostic factor (P= 0.0036). An age‐/stage‐adjusted IPI was constructed, the predictive power of which was equal to the stage‐adjusted IPI (chi‐square test = 44.16) but with different distribution of patients between the risk groups, making the proposed model better suited to identify poor‐risk patients.CONCLUSIONSThe data from the current study suggest that the proposed age‐/stage‐adjusted IPI is the superior IPI‐based model in predicting outcome in younger patients with localized DLBCL. Cancer 2003;98:516–21. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11497
Spinal cord malignant astrocytomas
Authors: Santi Mariarita , Mena Hernando , Wong Kondi , Koeller Kelly , Olsen Cara , Rushing Elisabeth J. 
Published: July 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDMalignant astrocytomas of the spinal cord are uncommon neoplasms with a dismal prognosis. To the authors' knowledge, little information has been published to date regarding the prognostic impact of clinicopathologic factors.METHODSThe authors studied 36 cases to investigate the prognostic effect of the World Health Organization (WHO) tumor grade, tumor localization, cell proliferative activity, p53 expression, and therapy.RESULTSSixteen patients (44%) underwent biopsy alone, 11 (31%) underwent subtotal resection, and 7 (19%) underwent macroscopic total excision. For two patients, there were no data available regarding surgical treatment. Among the 36 patients (mean age, 32.4 years), there were 23 males (63%) and 13 (36%) females. Their initial biopsies showed 21 (63%) glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cases (WHO Grade 4), 13 (36%) anaplastic astrocytomas (AA) (WHO Grade 3), and 2 (6%) astrocytomas (A) (WHO Grade 2). After initial surgery, 10 (29%) patients were treated with radiation therapy alone and 7 (19%) received radiation therapy with chemotherapy. Patterns of disease recurrence included extraneural metastases (two cases), brain metastases (five cases), local extension (one case), and diffuse spread along the neuraxis (six cases). Two A (100%) and six AA (46%) cases progressed to GBM. The overall median survival time was 33 months (range, 24–42 months) for A, 10 months (range, 1–84 months) for AA, and 10 months (range, 1–43 months) for GBM.CONCLUSIONSPatients older than 40 years have a shorter survival period compared with younger patients. There is a high risk of central nervous system dissemination in patients with this disease. Cancer 2003;98:554–61. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11514
High syndecan‐1 expression in breast carcinoma is related to an aggressive phenotype and to poorer prognosis
Authors: Barbareschi Mattia , Maisonneuve Patrick , Aldovini Daniela , Cangi Maria Giulia , Pecciarini Lorenza , Angelo Mauri Francesco , Veronese Silvio , Caffo Orazio , Lucenti Antonio , Palma Paolo Dalla , Galligioni Enzo , Doglioni Claudio 
Published: July 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDSyndecan‐1 is a transmembrane heparan sulphate proteoglycan that is involved in cell–cell adhesion, organization of cell–matrix adhesion, and regulation of growth factor signaling.METHODSSpecimens from 254 consecutive breast carcinoma (BC) cases (110 N0, 144 N1/2) with long‐term follow‐up (median, 95 months) were immunostained for syndecan‐1, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR), and p53; in 154 cases, c‐erbB‐2 status was known. Syndecan‐1 mRNA and protein expression also were evaluated in 20 breast tissue samples (10 normal and tumor pairs).RESULTSSyndecan‐1 was expressed at high levels in 106 (42%) BCs; syndecan‐1 up‐regulation was confirmed by reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) studies. High syndecan‐1 expression was associated with high histologic grade, large tumor size, high mitotic count, c‐erbB‐2 overexpression, and ER and PgR negative status. At univariate survival analysis syndecan overexpression was related to poor prognosis (P < 0.01 for both overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival). Bivariate survival analysis showed an additive adverse effect for syndecan‐1 and c‐erbB‐2 overexpression. At multivariate analysis, syndecan‐1 overexpression was independently associated with poor OS (hazard ratio [HR], 1.71; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08–2.69). High syndecan‐1 expression also was of independent prognostic value for OS in the group of 102 ER‐negative patients (HR, 2.42; 95% CI, 1.21–4.82). Stratifying patients on the basis of the type of adjuvant therapy given, high syndecan‐1 expression was associated with a higher risk of death only in patients treated with the cyclophosphamide‐methotrexate‐fluorouracil regimen (HR, 1.9; P = 0.09); at multivariate analysis for OS, this association proved to be of independent statistical significance (P = 0.03; HR, 2.15).CONCLUSIONSSyndecan‐1 is expressed at high levels in a significant percentage of breast carcinomas and is related to an aggressive phenotype and poor clinical behavior. Cancer 2003;98:474–83. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11515
Racial differences in mammographic breast density
Authors: del Carmen Marcela G. , Hughes Kevin S. , Halpern Elkan , Rafferty Elizabeth , Kopans Daniel , Parisky Yuri R. , Sardi Armando , Esserman Lisa , Rust Steven , Michaelson James 
Published: July 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDAfrican American women have a lower incidence but a higher mortality from breast carcinoma than Caucasians. A proposed explanation for this discrepancy is the decreased efficacy of screening among African American women. Increased breast density in African American women may result in decreased sensitivity of mammography. The purpose of this article is to determine whether there is a difference in mammographic breast density between African American and Caucasian women.METHODSA series of 769 women were recruited from 5 sites. Mammograms were reviewed centrally by seven reviewers using Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System categories converted to numeric values. The mean mammographic densities for Caucasian, African American, and Latina patients were compared using a two‐way analysis of covariance. The mean values for each race were estimated adjusting for the reader as well as for each patient's age and body mass index (BMI).RESULTSAfrican American women had the lowest mean breast density. The reported density in this group was 2.43, compared with 2.69 among Caucasians and 2.65 among Latina patients. After adjusting for age and BMI as well as the reader, there was still an independent racial effect on breast density (P = 0.0050).CONCLUSIONSMammographic breast density was lower in African American women than in Caucasians and Latinas. This discrepancy may be an intrinsic racial difference due to undetermined causes. Factors, such as the growth rate of tumors and the incidence of calcifications, must be studied to confirm that other forces do not have a negative impact on the efficacy of screening mammograms in African American women. Cancer 2003;98:590–6. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11517
Clinical implications of the tumor necrosis factor family in benign and malignant hematologic disorders
Authors: Younes Anas , Aggarwall Bharat B. 
Published: July 2003

AbstractTumor necrosis factor (TNF), originally identified as a factor produced in the serum of endotoxin‐injected animals, is a cytokine that mediates tumor necrosis. To date, 20 different members of the TNF superfamily and 21 different receptors have been identified. All ligands of the TNF superfamily have been found to activate transcription factor NF‐κB and c‐Jun kinase. Members of this family have diverse biologic effects, including induction of apoptosis, promotion of cell survival, and regulation of the immune system. The current review focuses on four members that play important roles in regulating hematopoietic cells and are involved in the pathogenesis of several hematologic malignancies. The potential therapeutic use of these members also is discussed. Cancer 2003;98:458–67. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11524
Disparity in pathologic and clinical lymph node staging in oral tongue carcinoma
Authors: Greenberg Jayson S. , El Naggar Adel K. , Mo Vivian , Roberts Dianna , Myers Jeffrey N. 
Published: July 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDRegional lymph node metastasis is the most reliable predictor of treatment outcomes for patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue (SCCOT). A recent American Joint Committee on Cancer staging update of malignant melanoma has incorporated pathologic lymph node staging. The authors hypothesized that pathologic lymph node staging (pN) would be a more reliable predictor of treatment outcomes than clinical lymph node staging (cN).METHODSThe authors retrospectively reviewed 266 patients who received primary surgical treatment for SCCOT, including a neck dissection, from January 1980 to December 1995. Overall and disease‐specific survival and disease‐free interval were compared with respect to clinical and pathologic lymph node stages.RESULTSStatistically significant survival differences were identified for both clinical (cN0–cN2) and pathologic lymph node stages (pN0–pN2). However, survival and disease‐free interval differences for pathologic lymph node staging reached higher statistical significance (P < 0.0001) than for clinical lymph node staging (P < 0.002). This disparity can be explained by stage migration (i.e., patients with cN0–1 disease have a more advanced lymph node stage at the time of pathologic review compared with patients without cN0–1 disease). The authors found a 34% rate of occult lymph node disease in the cN0 group (19% of occult lymph nodes had extracapsular spread [ECS]). Similarly, 43% of cN1 patients had a higher stage than pN2b disease and 50% had ECS.CONCLUSIONSPathologic lymph node staging, based on a staging or therapeutic neck dissection, should be considered for patients treated for SCCOT to identify high‐risk patients who may benefit from additional adjuvant therapy. Prospective studies are essential to validate these findings before pathologic lymph node staging is included in standard staging criteria. Cancer 2003;98:508–15. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11526
Blockage of the lacrimal drainage apparatus as a side effect of docetaxel therapy
Authors: Esmaeli Bita , Hidaji Lillie , Adinin Rosnie B. , Faustina Misha , Coats Carol , Arbuckle Rebecca , Rivera Edgardo , Valero Vicente , Tu Shi‐Ming , Amir Ahmadi M. 
Published: July 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe current study was conducted to report the severity and management of canalicular and nasolacrimal duct stenosis as a side effect of docetaxel therapy and to report the outcomes of surgical intervention for this condition.METHODSThe records of 148 patients with epiphora associated with docetaxel therapy who were evaluated at the Ophthalmology Service at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center were reviewed. The frequency of docetaxel administration, the dose intensity, the cumulative dose of docetaxel, and any concomitant chemotherapeutic agents were recorded. Each patient underwent an ophthalmologic examination and in‐office probing and irrigation. The patients either were treated with topical steroids or offered a surgical procedure for canalicular stenosis– (silicone intubation, dacryocystorhinostomy [DCR] with the placement of silicone tubes, or DCR with the placement of Pyrex glass tubes), depending on the severity of the canalicular stenosis.RESULTSDocetaxel was given weekly in 71 patients, every 2 weeks in 5 patients, and every 3 weeks in 72 patients. Thirty patients (59 eyes) who received weekly docetaxel underwent surgery to correct epiphora. Twenty‐three patients (39 eyes) were treated with temporary silicone tube placement, 9 patients (13 eyes) were treated with DCR with temporary silicone tube placement, and 4 patients (7 eyes) were treated with DCR with permanent Pyrex glass tube placement. Twenty‐nine of the 30 patients who underwent surgery reported improvement or total resolution of epiphora after the procedure. Ten additional patients (20 eyes) who received weekly docetaxel had complete closure of their canaliculi but elected not to undergo surgery. Of special note were two patients who received weekly docetaxel in the neoadjuvant setting and developed complete closure of the canaliculi. Of the patients who received docetaxel every 2 or 3 weeks, only 3 required a surgical intervention to correct epiphora; none required Pyrex glass tube placement.CONCLUSIONSCanalicular and nasolacrimal duct obstruction is a common side effect of weekly docetaxel therapy and can occur even when this drug is used in the neoadjuvant setting. The results of the current study indicate that early temporary silicone intubation in symptomatic patients receiving weekly docetaxel can prevent further closure of the lacrimal drainage apparatus and obviate more involved surgical interventions and permanent Pyrex glass tube placement. Cancer 2003;98:504–7. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11527