bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of axisymmetric modelling to integrated LCT structure of series‐resonant converter
Authors: Laouamri K. , Ferrieux J.‐P. , Catellani S. , Barbaroux J. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to present a low‐cost solution for low‐power applications. A high‐frequency AC to DC converter respecting the EN 61000‐3‐2 standard and suitable for application in the power range of 300 W is presented. Its topology is based on a full‐bridge series‐resonant converter that operates below half the resonant frequency. The converter features zero‐current for both turn‐on and turn‐off and reduces the switching current for the output rectifier. These advantages make the series‐resonant topology suitable for operation at high frequency. A method for the design of an integrated LCT structure (Inductor–Capacitor–Transformer) is presented. Also, results of the application of a newly developed FEA (Finite Elements Analysis) formulation for the constructed LCT prototype are presented. It is shown that the necessary capacitance can be achieved by using a bifilar primary and the leakage inductance of the transformer replaces the physical inductor. Finally, two PFC (Power Factor Correction) series‐resonant converters, using integrated and discrete LCT, were built, tested and compared. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Salivary gland carcinoma: independent prognostic factors for locoregional control, distant metastases, and overall survival: results of the Dutch head and neck oncology cooperative group
Authors: Terhaard Chris H. J. , Lubsen H. , Van der Tweel I. , Hilgers F.J.M. , Eijkenboom W.M.H. , Marres H.A.M. , Tjho‐Heslinga R.E. , de Jong J.M.A. , Roodenburg J.L.N. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractBackground.We analyzed the records of patients with malignant salivary gland tumors, as diagnosed in centers of the Dutch Head and Neck Oncology Cooperative Group, in search of independent prognostic factors for locoregional control, distant metastases, and overall survival.Methods.In 565 patients, we analyzed general results and looked for the potential prognostic variables of age, sex, delay, clinical and pathologic T and N stage, site (332 parotid, 76 submandibular, 129 oral cavity, 28 pharynx/larynx), pain, facial weakness, clinical and pathologic skin involvement, histologic type (WHO 1972 classification), treatment, resection margins, spill, perineural and vascular invasion, number of neck nodes, and extranodal disease. The median follow‐up period was 74 months; it was 99 months for patients who were alive on the last follow‐up.Results.The rates of local control, regional control, distant metastasis–free and overall survival after 10 years were, respectively, 78%, 87%, 67%, and 50%. In multivariable analysis, local control was predicted by clinical T‐stage, bone invasion, site, resection margin, and treatment. Regional control depended on N stage, facial nerve paralysis, and treatment. The relative risk with surgery alone, compared to surgery plus postoperative radiotherapy, was 9.7 for local recurrence and 2.3 for regional recurrence. Distant metastases were independently correlated with T and N stage, sex, perineural invasion, histologic type, and clinical skin involvement. Overall survival depended on age, sex, T and pN stage, site, skin and bone invasion.Conclusions.Several prognostic factors for locoregional control, distant metastases, and overall survival were found. Postoperative radiotherapy was found to improve locoregional control. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 26: 681–693, 2004
Effects of p53 or p27 overexpression on cyclooxygenase‐2 gene expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines
Authors: Lee Dong Wook , Park Seok‐Woo , Park Soo‐Yeun , Heo Dae‐Seog , Kim Kwang Hyun , Sung Myung‐Whun 
Published: July 2004

AbstractBackground.Although cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) has been suggested to play an important role in carcinogenesis, the effects of tumor suppressors on COX‐2 gene expression and the combined antitumor effects of tumor suppressors and COX‐2 inhibitors have rarely been investigated.Methods. The effects of p53 or p27 gene transfer on COX‐2 expression by adenoviral vector and the combined effects of p53 or p27 gene transfer and COX‐2 inhibitor exposure on the proliferation of cancer cells were investigated in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell lines.Results. Overexpression of p53 markedly downregulated the transcription of COX‐2, but the overexpression of p27 did not affect COX‐2 levels in HNSCC cell lines. The combined antitumor effects of p53 or p27 gene transfer and of a COX‐2 inhibitor (NS 398) were mainly at least additive in terms of the inhibition of cell proliferation and cell cycle arrest and additive in terms of apoptotic induction.Conclusions.These results suggest that the overexpression of p53 could exert antitumor effects, at least in part, through the suppression of COX‐2 gene expression, whereas growth suppression by the overexpression of p27 probably occurs by mechanisms other than the downregulation of COX‐2 expression. In addition, the administration of COX‐2 inhibitors, as an adjunct to p53 or p27 gene therapy, could offer a new strategy of cancer treatment and prevention. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 26: 706–715, 2004
Correlation of Epstein‐Barr virus DNA in cell‐free plasma, functional imaging and clinical course in locally advanced nasopharyngeal cancer: A pilot study
Authors: Mäkitie Antti A. , Reis Patricia P. , Irish Jonathan , Zhang Tong , Chin Soo F. , Chen Xueyu , Marriott Chris , Keller Anne , Perez‐Ordonez Bayardo , Kamel‐Reid Suzanne , Siu Lillian L. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractBackground.We evaluated the feasibility of using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in monitoring Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) DNA concentrations in cell‐free plasma of patients with localized nonmetastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) treated with chemoradiation.Methods.Cell‐free plasma EBV DNA was quantified in six patients with locally advanced, nonmetastatic nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) who underwent chemoradiation therapy (CRT) and correlated with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET) scans, and clinical course.Results.The mean concentration of EBV DNA was 24,610 copies/mL, 682 copies/mL, and 64.5 copies/mL in the pretreatment, posttreatment, and last follow‐up samples, respectively. Four of the six patients had normal PET scans and reduction of EBV DNA copy numbers to minimal levels after treatment and, despite equivocal posttreatment MRI scans, are clinically free of recurrent disease. Two of the six patients had elevated EBV DNA copy numbers immediately after treatment, but a metastatic workup was clear at the time; both subsequently relapsed with distant metastases 5 and 11 months later. Although the posttreatment PET scans were abnormal in both of these cases, they were not predictive of the subsequent sites of tumor relapse.Conclusions.To our knowledge, this is the first report on the correlation between EBV DNA levels and PET scan results in patients with NPC. Reductions in EBV DNA levels and normal PET scans after treatment were consistent among patients who had residual abnormality on MRI images. Persistently elevated EBV DNA levels and abnormal PET scans after treatment suggest residual disease. Further evaluations are required to determine the relative contributions of these two novel techniques in predicting residual disease in locally advanced NPC. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 26: 815–822, 2004
Cavernous carotid aneurysm presenting with epistaxis
Authors: Chaboki Houtan , Patel Aman B. , Freifeld Stephen , Urken Mark L. , Som Peter M. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractBackground.Carotid artery aneurysms are a rare cause of epistaxis. The most common presentation for nontraumatic cavernous internal carotid artery aneurysms is mass effect, with only 3% presenting with hemorrhage. We present a case of epistaxis caused by a nontraumatic cavernous internal carotid artery aneurysm.Methods.A 73‐year‐old white woman was seen with a 1‐month history of recurrent right‐sided epistaxis. The patient had essential hypertension and a family history of intracranial aneurysm. A complete otolaryngologic, neurologic, and ophthalmologic examinations were normal. Contrast‐enhanced CT of the paranasal sinuses revealed a trilobed aneurysm of the cavernous segment of the right internal carotid artery. Coil embolization of the cavernous aneurysm and right internal artery was performed.Results.The patient has had no further episodes of epistaxis and has remained neurologically intact.Conclusion.Carotid artery aneurysms must be considered in the differential diagnosis of profuse epistaxis. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 26: 741–746, 2004
−93G→A polymorphism of hMLH1 and risk of primary lung cancer
Authors: Park Sun Ha , Lee Ga Young , Jeon Hyo‐Sung , Lee Su Jeong , Kim Kyung Mee , Jang Sang Soo , Kim Chang Ho , Lee Won Kee , Kam Sin , Park Rang Woon , Kim In‐San , Jung Tae Hoon , Park Jae Yong 
Published: July 2004

AbstractPolymorphisms in DNA repair genes may be associated with differences in the repair capacity of DNA damage and may thereby influence an individual's susceptibility to smoking‐related cancer. We investigated the association between the −93G→A polymorphism in the hMLH1 gene and the risk of lung cancer in a Korean population. The hMLH1 −93G→A polymorphism was typed in 372 lung cancer patients and 371 healthy controls that were frequency‐matched for age and sex. There was no significant association between the hMLH1 −93G→A genotype and the risk for adenocarcinoma or small cell carcinoma. However, the AA genotype was associated with a significantly increased risk for squamous cell carcinoma compared with both the GG genotype (adjusted OR = 2.02; 95% CI = 1.15–3.55; p = 0.014) and the combined GG and GA genotype (adjusted OR = 1.83; 95% CI = 1.24–2.71; p = 0.003). When the subjects were stratified by smoking exposure, the AA genotype was associated with a significantly increased risk for squamous cell carcinoma in lighter smokers (≤ 39 pack‐years; adjusted OR = 1.95; 95% CI = 1.03–3.66; p = 0.039) compared with the combined GG and GA genotype, whereas there was no significant association in heavier smokers (> 39 pack‐years; adjusted OR = 1.47; 95% CI = 0.82–2.61). These results suggest that the hMLH1 −93G→A polymorphism could be used as a marker of genetic susceptibility to squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mechanical properties of white and green asparagus: changes related to modifications of cell wall components
Authors: Rodríguez Rocío , Jaramillo Sara , Heredia Antonia , Guillén Rafael , Jiménez Ana , Fernández‐Bolaños Juan 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe changes of texture that take place in white and green asparagus during storage and cooking are, in large part, determined by the composition and structure of the cell walls. Several instrumental methods have been applied to three sections of the spears to investigate the physico‐chemical properties that contribute to the values of texture. Cutting the spears with a razor blade is the most appropriate method for quantifying and comparing the texture of white and green asparagus and, among the different parameters that can be calculated from the curves registered during asparagus cutting, strength and toughness have been used for determining changes of texture. Post‐harvest storage caused an increase of texture mainly located in the lower portions of the white spears. The process of toughening also affected the lower section of the green spears, but to a lesser extent. Cooking resulted in a softening, mostly in the apical section of the stem. Additional information about the physico‐chemical properties of different plant tissues has been obtained by applying a tensile test to the internal and external tissues separated from asparagus sections. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Extraction methods and some physical properties of mesquite (Prosopis chilensis (Mol) Stuntz) seed gum
Authors: Estévez Ana M , Sáenz Carmen , Hurtado María L , Escobar Berta , Espinoza Sandra , Suárez Cristian 
Published: July 2004

AbstractTo evaluate the potential use of mesquite (Prosopis chilensis (Mol) Stuntz) seed gum, the behaviour of the gum was studied using two extraction methods (alkaline and acid), different pH values, two concentrations (0.2 and 0.4% w/v) and different temperatures. The capacity of the gum to stabilise food foams was also evaluated. The alkaline extraction yield (24.9%) was higher than the acid extraction yield (17.7%). Owing molecular to hydrolysis caused by the acid, acid extraction resulted in a lower protein content. Gum from acid extraction had a higher viscosity than that from alkaline extraction at all temperatures investigated (10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 °C). There were no significant differences between the viscosities of mucilage dispersions at the different values of pH studied (3.0, 4.0 and 5.0). The addition of extracted mesquite gum (obtained by either method and at either concentration studied) to egg white foam provided a higher stability and decreased the liquid drainage and collapse of the foam. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Thermodynamic characteristics of copigmentation reaction of acylated anthocyanin isolated from blue flowers of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi with copigments
Authors: Oszmiański Jan , Ba̧kowska Anna , Piacente Sonia 
Published: July 2004

AbstractAnthocyanin extracts are increasingly used as food colorants. So far, anthocyanins have not been broadly used in foods and beverages, since they are not as stable as synthetic dyes. Copigmentation between anthocyanins and copigments is the main colour‐stabilizing mechanism. The process of copigmentation between isolated acylated anthocyanin and rutin, QSA or baicalin has been observed using UV–vis spectrophotometry. The thermodynamic parameters were correlated to the structure and position of the substituents in the interacting molecules. The acylated anthocyanin was isolated from cultivars of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi flowers and purified by column chromatography by our own method and has been identified by 1H‐/13C‐NMR spectroscopy and electrospray mass spectrometry as delphinidin‐3‐O‐(6‐O‐malonyl)‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐5‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Behavior of new complexes of tetrakis(4‐methoxyl phenyl)porphyrin with heavy rare earth elements in reversed‐phase high performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Zhang Jun‐Feng , Wang Hong , Hou An‐Xin , Wang Chang‐Fa , Zhang Hua‐Shan 
Published: July 2004

AbstractAn HPLC method has been developed for the separation of new complexes of tetrakis(4‐methoxylphenyl)porphyrin (TMOPP) with four heavy rare earth elements (RE = Y, Er, Tm, and Yb). The function of amine and acid in the mobile phase has been investigated and a reasonable explanation is presented. Successful separation of the RE‐TMOPP‐Cl complexes is accomplished in 10 min with a mobile phase consisting of methanol‐water‐acetic acid‐triethanolamine. The detection limits (S/N = 3) for the four complexes are 0.01 μg/mL. This method is rapid, sensitive, and simple.
Tourism demand patterns in turbulent times: analysing Welsh accommodation occupancy data for 1998–2001
Authors: Koenig Nicole , Bischoff Eberhard E. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractDifferent events in 2001, most notably an outbreak of foot and mouth disease and the 11 September terrorist attacks in the USA, caused many tourist businesses in the UK to experience significant changes in demand volumes. This paper examines the occupancy performance of serviced accommodation establishments in Wales from 1998 to 2001 and focuses especially on the changes in demand patterns in 2001. The approach is based on a combination of principal components and cluster analysis. The results are used to group establishments with similar performance profiles. Detailed conclusions are drawn about the temporal and spatial shifts in demand in 2001. ‘Winners’ and ‘losers’ are identified and several concrete implications for marketing and development policies are discussed. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prospects of basket production in promoting sustainable rural livelihoods in the Okavango Delta, Botswana
Authors: Mbaiwa Joseph E. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThis paper uses the concept of sustainable rural livelihoods and income diversification to assess the role that basket making as a cultural tourism activity can play in improving rural livelihoods in the Okavango Delta, Botswana. Using both primary and secondary data sources, this paper points out that shocks and natural causes such as drought, disease and changing flood levels in the Okavango River, particularly the drying of the Thaoge (one of the distributaries of the Okavango), have contributed to a decline in livestock and crop yields and increased poverty levels in the region. Therefore, alternative livelihood options that can diversify rural incomes from agricultural production need to be identified. This paper argues that basket making has the potential to diversify rural incomes and improve livelihoods in the Okavango. Baskets are a cultural tourism product that can raise income earning and employment opportunities for rural residents in the Okavango. For this to be successful, basket making will need to be developed as part of cultural tourism. A sustainable cultural tourism sector where baskets are key products requires the sustainable use of natural resources used for basket making. These resources are at present overharvested and are threatened with depletion. There is also a need to promote the empowerment of basket weavers particularly in entrepreneurship and managerial skills in the tourism business, attract young and educated people and promote the preservation of traditional basket making skills, which are important in the development of cultural tourism. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cruise ship passenger spending patterns in Pacific island ports
Authors: Douglas Ngaire , Douglas Norman 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe cruise business has recorded a solid growth rate in the past 20 years, with this development being driven by corporate mergers and takeovers, the launching of mega‐ships, the opening up of new destinations and the growing propensity of people who choose to cruise. This study measures the expenditure patterns of cruise ship passengers in seven Pacific island ports of call. Some of these ports receive up to 32 cruise ship visits per year and their economies are partly reliant on them. It is important, therefore, for service suppliers, retailers and handicraft producers to know what appeals to cruise passengers so that they can continue to produce the products in demand profitably. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anatomy of tourism crisis: explaining the effects on tourism of the UK foot and mouth disease epidemics of 1967–68 and 2001 with special reference to media portrayal
Authors: Baxter Elizabeth , Bowen David 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThis paper studies the UK foot and mouth disease (FMD) epidemics of 1967–68 and 2001. It briefly analyses the characteristics of each outbreak of disease and the contrasts between them. The paper then assesses the effects on the UK tourism industry from both outbreaks and also focuses on the role of the media in its portrayal of the effects. Data are gleaned from secondary sources such as BBC archives of radio and television programmes, other media such as key newspapers, as well as specialist journals and government reports. The study concludes that the 1967–68 outbreak had only a limited actual effect on tourism (and an even more limited effect as perceived in the media), whereas the 2001 epidemic had a much larger effect — actual and as perceived in the media. It is suggested that there are many explanations for the differences, including the time of the year of the outbreaks, the spatial spread of the disease, the amount of countryside that was deemed to have restricted access and the growth in supply of rural tourism operators. The changed character of news reporting itself created some different effects — the media role in the 2001 crisis was not entirely passive. Indeed, the paper finally stresses that the role of the media is crucial in tackling any future such crisis — the media can be harnessed as a key element of tourism contingency planning. In this respect there is, indeed, much similarity between the 2001 FMD crisis and other current crises worldwide. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessing staff turnover: a view from the English Riviera
Authors: Walmsley Andreas 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThis paper explores the extent of labour turnover in tourism businesses in the seaside resort of Torbay. In‐depth interviews assisted in providing a better understanding of factors contributing to staff turnover in the destination. Turnover rates were found to be high, but varied depending on type and size of business. Evidence was found that supported the literature of a split in the tourism workforce between core and peripheral workers. Perceptions of factors that cause turnover varied considerably. Little difference was found in employers' and employees' perceptions of factors that cause staff turnover. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A consanguineous Turkish family with early‐onset Parkinson's disease and an exon 4 parkin deletion
Authors: Dogu Okan , Johnson Janel , Hernandez Dena , Hanson Melissa , Hardy John , Apaydin Hulya , Özekmekçi Sibel , Sevim Serhan , Gwinn‐Hardy Katrina , Singleton Andrew 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe importance of parkin in early‐onset Parkinson's disease in Japan, Europe, and the United States is well established. The contribution of this gene to the risk of Parkinson's disease in other populations is less well known. To explore the importance of parkin in those of Turkish ancestry, we studied familial cases from that country, and identified a consanguineous family with early‐onset Parkinson's disease due to a homozygous mutation in parkin. © 2004 Movement Disorder Society
Presynaptic dopaminergic function in patients with restless legs syndrome: Are there common features with early Parkinson's disease?
Authors: Linke Rainer , Eisensehr Ilonka , Wetter Thomas‐Christian , Gildehaus Franz‐Josef , Pöpperl Gabriele , Trenkwalder Claudia , Noachtar Soheyl , Tatsch Klaus 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe cause of restless legs syndrome (RLS) is unknown, but an involvement of the dopaminergic system and a possible relation to Parkinson's disease (PD) is suggested by the positive response to dopaminergic treatment. We imaged the striatal dopamine transporter with [123I] N‐(3‐iodopropen‐2‐yl)‐2β‐carbomethoxy‐3β‐(chloro‐phenyl) tropane ([123I]IPT) and single‐photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in 28 RLS patients, and compared the results with transporter binding in 29 patients with early PD and 23 age‐matched controls. No difference in IPT binding was found between RLS patients and controls. IPT binding was correlated significantly with age in RLS patients and controls, whereas there was no relation with the duration of symptoms or severity of RLS. PD patients presented significant lower presynaptic IPT binding ipsi‐ and contralateral to the affected body side compared with RLS patients or controls. We found no common characteristics between RLS patients and patients with early PD detectable by dopamine transporter SPECT. Our results do not strengthen an identical pathophysiologic pathway between RLS and PD on the level of nigrostriatal presynaptic terminal function. © 2004 Movement Disorder Society
Substantial improvement in a Meige's syndrome patient with levetiracetam treatment
Authors: Zesiewicz Theresa A. , Louis Elan D. , Sullivan Kelly L. , Menkin Martin , Dunne Peter B. , Hauser Robert A. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractWe report on a woman with idiopathic Meige's syndrome whose dystonia improved with the use of levetiracetam (LEV, Keppra, UCB Pharma, Smyrna, GA). This report and data from an animal model of paroxysmal dystonia suggest that LEV might be helpful in the treatment of dystonia. © 2004 Movement Disorder Society