bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Room Temperature Preparation of Trifluoroethenylzinc Reagent by Metalation of the Readily Available Halocarbon HFC‐134a and an Efficient, Economically Viable Synthesis of 1,2,2‐Trifluorostyrenes.
Authors: Raghavanpillai Anilkumar , Burton Donald J. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Reactivity of the R‐Phenol—Potassium Carbonate System in the Aromatic Nucleophilic Substitution of the Nitro Group.
Authors: Plakhtinskii V. V. , Abramov I. G. , Abramova M. B. , Yasinskii O. A. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Suzuki Reactions Catalyzed by Palladium Complexes Bearing the Bulky (2,6‐Dimesitylphenyl)dimethylphosphine.
Authors: Smith Rhett C. , Woloszynek Robert A. , Chen Weizhong , Ren Tong , Protasiewicz John D. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Improved Studies of Cross‐Coupling Reactions of 5‐(Tri‐n‐butylstannyl)‐ and 5,5′‐Bis(tri‐n‐butylstannyl)‐2,2′‐bithiophene with Aryl Halides.
Authors: Elgazwy Abdel‐Sattar S. Hamad 
Published: January 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Formyl Derivatives of 2‐Hetarylimidazoles Anellated with Naphthalene and Phenanthrene Rings
Authors: Pechkin A. A. , Elchaninov M. M. , Lukyanov B. S. , Alekseenko Yu. S. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Preparation of Chiral 2‐Stannyloxazolidines and First Considerations on the Transacetalization Reaction Mechanism.
Authors: Cintrat Jean‐Christophe , Leat‐Crest Veronique , Parrain Jean‐Luc , Le Grognec Erwan , Beaudet Isabelle , Quintard Jean‐Paul 
Published: January 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Oxidative Cyclization of 2‐Arylhydrazonothioacetamides.
Authors: Vasil'eva M. L. , Mukhacheva M. V. , Bel'skaya N. P. , Bakulev V. A. , Anderson R. J. , Groundwater P. V. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Heterocyclic Systems Containing Bridge Head Nitrogen Atom: Reaction of 5‐Mercapto‐4H‐imidazo[4,5‐e][2,1,3]benzothiadiazoles and 5,6‐Diamino[2,1,3]benzothiazole with 3‐(2‐Bromoacetyl)coumarins
Authors: Rao V. Rajeswar , Reddy M. Madan Mohan 
Published: January 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Simple Synthesis of 6‐Substituted 4a‐Methyl‐1,2,3,4,4a,10b‐hexahydrophenanthridines and ‐9,10‐benzophenanthridines.
Authors: Shklyaev Yu. V. , Nifontov Yu. V. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Montmorillonite K‐10 Catalyzed Solvent‐Free Synthesis of 2,3‐Disubstituted‐4(3H)quinazolinones under Microwave Irradiation.
Authors: Dabiri M. , Salehi P. , Mohammadi Ali A. , Baghbanzadeh M. , Kozehgiry Gh. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Novel Four‐Component Reaction for the Diastereoselective Synthesis of Some New Spiro Pyrrolizidines via 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of Azomethine Ylides.
Authors: Azizian Javad , Karimi Ali Reza , Mohammadi Ali A. , Mohammadizadeh Mohammad R. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Controlling the Regiochemistry of Zirconocene‐Catalyzed Hydrosilation of Styrenes. Selective Preparation of Markovnikov and anti‐Markovnikov Addition Products Using the Same Combination of Procatalysts.
Authors: Ura Yasuyuki , Gao Guohua , Bao Fengyu , Ogasawara Masamichi , Takahashi Tamotsu 
Published: January 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Aluminum Chloride‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Allyl‐Migration Reaction of Allyl(chloromethyl)silanes and Trapping of the Intermediate with Allyltrimethylsilane.
Authors: Jung Hoon Yi , Park Young‐Ae Whang , Yoo Bok Ryul , Tamao Kohei , Jung Il Nam 
Published: January 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Silylstannylation of Allenes and Silylstannylation—Cyclization of Allenynes. Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Allylstannanes and Carbocyclic and Heterocyclic Compounds.
Authors: Kumareswaran Ramaiah , Shin Seunghoon , Gallou Isabelle , RajanBabu T. V. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Optically Active Methyl 7β‐Hydroxykaurenoate with Potent Neuroprotective Activity.
Authors: Toyota Masahiro , Matsuura Kiminori , Yokota Masahiro , Kimura Manami , Yonaga Masahiro , Sugimoto Hachiro , Ihara Masataka 
Published: January 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Chiral Nitrones from N‐Fmoc Amino Acids and N‐Fmoc Dipeptides.
Authors: Di Gioia Maria Luisa , Leggio Antonella , Le Pera Adolfo , Liguori Angelo , Napoli Anna , Perri Francesca , Siciliano Carlo 
Published: January 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Phenylseleno Sugars from Epoxides and of α,β‐Unsaturated Carbonyl Derivatives for the Study of Their Insecticidal Activity.
Authors: Rauter Amelia P. , Canda Tana , Justino Jorge , Ismael Maria I. , Figueiredo Jose A. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Intramolecular Conjugate Addition of Benzylamine to a D‐Glucose Derived α,β‐Unsaturated Ester: An Efficient Synthesis of Trihydroxylated Pyrrolidine Alkaloids as Potential Glycosidase Inhibitors.
Authors: Chaudhari Vinod D. , Kumar K. S. Ajish , Dhavale Dilip D. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Studies Toward the Synthesis of Luminacin D: Assembly of Simplified Analogues Devoid of the Epoxide Displaying Antiangiogenic Activity.
Authors: Davies Mark W. , Maskell Lesley , Shipman Michael , Slawin Alexandra M. Z. , Vidot Sandrine M. E. , Whatmore Jacqueline L. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Convenient Syntheses of Daunomycinone‐7‐D‐glucuronides and Doxorubicinone‐7‐D‐glucuronides.
Authors: Rho Young S. , Kim Sun Y. , Kim Wan‐Joong , Yun Yeo Keun , Sin Hong Sig , Yoo Dong Jin 
Published: January 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Competitive Trapping of Equilibrating Pt(IV) Hydridoalkyl and Pt(II) Alkane Complexes: A Valuable Tool for the Mechanistic Investigation of C—H Activation Reactions
Authors: Tilset Mats , Johansson Lars , Lersch Martin , Wik Bror J. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The persistence of isolated tumor cells in bone marrow from patients with breast carcinoma predicts an increased risk for recurrence
Authors: Janni Wolfgang , Rack Brigitte , Schindlbeck Christian , Strobl Barbara , Rjosk Dorothea , Braun Stephan , Sommer Harald , Pantel Klaus , Gerber Bernd , Friese Klaus 
Published: January 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe prognostic significance of isolated tumor cells (ITCs) in bone marrow (BM) from patients with breast carcinoma at the time of their primary diagnosis recently was been confirmed by a large pooled analysis. If the persistence of ITCs after adjuvant therapy confers a similar risk for recurrence, then it would be an indication to consider secondary adjuvant therapy.METHODSThe authors analyzed BM aspirates from 228 patients during recurrence‐free follow‐up at a median interval ± standard deviation (SD) of 21.3 ± 29.1 months after a primary diagnosis of breast carcinoma (pathologic T1 [pT1]–pT2, pN0–pN3, pM0). Carcinoma cells were detected using a standardized immunoassay with monoclonal antibody A45‐B/B3 directed against cytokeratin (CK). Patients were followed for a median ± SD of 49.8 ± 32.1 months after their primary diagnosis.RESULTSPersistent ITCs in BM were detected in 12.7% of patients (n= 29 patients). Positive BM status was more frequent (15.7%) within the first 21 months after primary diagnosis than after a follow‐up > 21 months (9.7%). The Kaplan–Meier estimate for mean recurrence‐free survival was 149.7 months (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 139.6–159.8 months) in patients with negative BM status and 86.5 months (95% CI, 65.7–107.4 months;P= 0.0003) in patients with positive BM status at the time patients underwent follow‐up BM aspiration. Patients who were without evidence of persistent ITCs had a significantly longer overall survival (162.1 months; 95% CI, 152.1–172.0 months) compared with patients who had positive BM status (overall survival, 98.7 months; 95% CI, 79.7–117.9 months;P= 0.0008). In multivariate Cox regression analysis that included BM status, tumor size, lymph node status, and histopathologic grade, evidence of ITCs was an independent significant predictor for reduced disease‐free survival (relative risk [RR], 4.57;P< 0.0001) and overall survival (RR, 5.57;P= 0.002). Persistent ITCs had the greatest prognostic relevance when they were detected between 25 months and 42 months after primary diagnosis (RR, 7.68).CONCLUSIONSEvidence of persistent ITCs in BM from patients with breast carcinoma indicated an increased risk for subsequent recurrence. Prospective trials should investigate the benefit of secondary adjuvant treatment on the basis of BM marrow status. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Determinants of quality of life in patients with cancer
Authors: Dapueto Juan J. , Servente Liliana , Francolino Carla , Hahn Elizabeth A. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDBecause health‐related quality of life (QOL) is an important outcome in cancer management, the authors sought to better understand its determinants. To address this subject, they analyzed QOL, as measured with the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy‐General questionnaire (FACT‐G), Spanish Version 4, and depicted the complex relations among physical, psychological, social, and cultural factors, including spirituality.METHODSA cross‐sectional study design was used with a sample of 309 patients with cancer. The influence of several possible determinants was first studied by univariate regression analysis. Variables showing an association were included in a forward stepwise multivariate regression model.RESULTSFive regression models were studied, for the FACT‐G total score and its four subscales. Five variables explained 32.1% of the variance of the FACT‐G total score: tumor stage, spiritual well‐being, income, mood disorders, and mode of questionnaire administration. The type and relevance of the explanatory variables differed among the various dimensions of QOL.CONCLUSIONSThe authors underlined the entwining of biologic, psychosocial, and spiritual factors as determinants of the QOL of patients with cancer, thus supporting the multidimensional definition and modeling of the construct. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Hyperreal transients on transfinite distributed transmission lines and cables
Authors: Zemanian A. H. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA prior work showed how non‐standard analysis could be used to derive hyperreal transients in transfinite electrical networks containing lumped inductors, capacitors, resistors and sources. In this work, hyperreal transients are derived for transfinite electrical networks whose parameters are distributed. In particular, explicit expressions are derived for hyperreal transients on uniform transmission lines and cables that ‘extend beyond infinity’ transfinitely. This requires a substantially altered technique as compared to the prior work. The present one uses a different kind of truncation procedure that reduces the transfinite line or cable to a conventionally infinite one and then expands the latter in steps to ‘fill out’ the transfinite line or cable. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Power‐delay optimization of D‐latch/MUX source coupled logic gates
Authors: Alioto M. , Palumbo G. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractIn this paper a design strategy for MUX, XOR and D‐latch source coupled logic (SCL) gates is proposed. To this end, an analytical model of the delay and the noise margin as a function of the transistors' aspect ratio and bias current is first introduced. Successively, analytical equations of the transistors' aspect ratio to meet a given noise margin specification are derived as a function of the bias current, and are then used along with the delay model to express the delay as an explicit function of the bias current and noise margin.The simplified delay expression explicitly relates speed performance to power dissipation and the noise margin, thereby providing the designer with the required understanding of the trade‐offs involved in the design. Therefore, the criteria proposed allow the designer to consciously manage the power‐delay trade‐off. The delay dependence on the logic swing is also investigated with results showing that this delay is not necessarily reduced by reducing the logic swing, in contrast with the usual assumption. Since the results obtained are valid for all SCL gates and are independent of the CMOS process used, the guidelines provided afford a deeper understanding of SCL gates from a design point of view. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chromatin supraorganization and extensibility in mouse hepatocytes following starvation and refeeding
Authors: Moraes Alberto S. , de Campos Vidal Benedicto , Guaraldo Ana Maria A. , Mello Maria Luiza S. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractBackgroundThe effect of 48 h of starvation and of 48 h of refeeding subsequent to starvation on chromatin supraorganization and extensibility was studied in hepatocytes from adult mice.MethodsMethods used involved topochemical assays, image analysis, gravity action, and polarization microscopy.ResultsStarvation increased the chromatin packing states, especially in areas of noncondensed chromatin, and induced drastic decreases in concanavalin A reactivity due to nuclear matrix glycoproteins and the frequency of nuclei with chromatin extensibility under gravity. Changes in chromatin packing state were accompanied by shifts of nuclear areas of part of the nuclear population to smaller values but did not affect the respective Feulgen‐DNA amounts except for a few nuclei. The extent of chromatin unpackaging, but not of frequency of nuclei with formation of extended chromatin fibers, in starved mice that were refed was greater than in well‐fed controls. Refeeding induced increase in Feulgen‐DNA amounts and regain and redistribution of concanavalin A–reactive nuclear glycoproteins. However, the duration of refeeding used was probably insufficient to reestablish the stereo arrangement of the chromatin‐nuclear matrix and to restore chromatin fluidity to the level seen in well‐fed mice.ConclusionsThe changes in the liver cell nuclei associated with starvation and refeeding of adult mice involved chromatin supraorganization, hepatocyte proliferation (refeeding), and the loss, regain, and redistribution of nuclear proteins, especially nuclear matrix components, related to chromatin organization and extensibility. These changes are suggested as favoring the silencing and reactivation of transcriptional activities, depending on the organism's nutritional state. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A novel role for CD28 in thymic selection: elimination of CD28/B7 interactions increases positive selection
Authors: Vacchio Melanie S. , Williams Joy A. , Hodes Richard J. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWhile the importance of the CD28/B7 costimulation pathway is well established for mature T cells, the role of CD28 in thymocyte selection is less well defined. The role of CD28 in both negative and positive selection was assessed using H‐Y‐specific TCR‐transgenic (Tg) RAG‐2‐deficient (H‐Yrag) mice. Negative selection in male H‐Yrag mice was not affected by deficiency in CD28 or B7. Surprisingly, absence of CD28 or B7 in H‐Yrag females resulted in increased numbers of CD8 single‐positive (SP) thymocytes. The CD8 SP thymocytes found in these females were mature and functionally competent. Furthermore, double‐positive (DP) thymocytes from CD28‐knockout (CD28KO) or B7.1/B7.2 double‐KO (B7DKO) females had higher levels of both CD5 and TCR than those from WT females, consistent with a stronger selecting signal. CD28KO H‐Yrag fetal thymic organ cultures also had elevated numbers of thymic CD8 SP cells, reflecting increased thymic differentiation and not recirculation of peripheral T cells. Finally, increased selection of mature CD4 and CD8 SP T cells was observed in non‐TCR‐Tg CD28KO and B7DKO mice, indicating that this function of CD28‐B7 interaction is not unique to a TCR‐Tg model. Together these findings demonstrate a novel negative regulatory role for CD28 in inhibiting differentiation of SP thymocytes, probably through inhibition of thymic selection.
Virus infection‐associated bone marrow B cell depletion and impairment of humoral immunity to heterologous infection mediated by TNF‐α/LTα
Authors: Borrow Persephone , Hou Sam , Gloster Simone , Ashton Miranda , Hyland Lisa 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe previously showed that influenza virus infection of mice induces a depletion of bone marrow B lineage cells due to apoptosis of early B cells mediated by a mechanism involving TNF‐α/LTα. Here we demonstrate that this effect is also observed with acute lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection and resulted in a deficiency of both splenic transitional B cells and mature follicular B cells. To determine whether there was an associated impairment of humoral immunity, we infected mice with LCMV and 10 days later at the peak of the B cell depletion, inoculated them with influenza virus. We found that influenza virus‐specific antibody titers were dramatically reduced in mice recovering from LCMV infection compared to those in mice infected with influenza virus alone. Further, we showed that there was no reduction of the influenza virus‐specific antibody response in LCMV‐infected TNF‐α/LTα‐deficient mice, suggesting that TNF‐α/LTα‐mediated effects on bone marrow and/or peripheral lymphocytes were responsible for the observed impairment in humoral immunity. These results show that the TNF‐α/LTα production induced following infection with diverse viruses has detrimental effects on early B cells in the bone marrow, and may be among the factors that lead to the severely compromised humoral immunity observed to subsequent heterologous infections.
A critical role for lipophosphoglycan in proinflammatory responses of dendritic cells to Leishmania mexicana
Authors: Aebischer Toni , Bennett Clare L. , Pelizzola Mattia , Vizzardelli Caterina , Pavelka Norman , Urbano Matteo , Capozzoli Monica , Luchini Alessandra , Ilg Thomas , Granucci Francesca , Blackburn C. Clare , Ricciardi‐Castagnoli Paola 
Published: January 2005

AbstractRecognition of pathogen‐associated molecular patterns (PAMP) influences the response of dendritic cells (DC) and therefore development of innate and adaptive immunity. Different forms of Leishmania mexicana have distinct effects on DC, with promastigotes and amastigotes being activating and apparently neutral, respectively. We investigated whether stage‐specific differences in surface composition might account for these distinct effects. Amastigotes and promastigotes lacking the lpg1 gene needed for lipophosphoglycan (LPG) biosynthesis could not activate DC in vitro. Genome‐wide transcriptional profiling of DC infected with wild‐type or mutant promastigotes or wild‐type amastigotes revealed that wild‐type promastigotes induce an inflammatory signature that is lacking in DC exposed to the other parasite forms. The proinflammatory response pattern was partly recovered by reconstitution of lpg1 expression in lpg1–/– parasites, and exposure to purified LPG increased the expression of MHC class II and CD86 on DC. Infection with wild‐type but not lpg1–/– promastigotes increased the number of activated DC in draining lymph nodes, and this was correlated with lower early parasite burdens in wild‐type‐infected animals. These in vivo and in vitro results suggest an LPG‐dependent activation of DC that contributes to host defense and agree with the notion that the parasites evolved under immune pressure to down‐regulate PAMP expression in mammalian hosts.
Proton Transfer to Hydride Ligands with Formation of Dihydrogen Complexes: A Physicochemical View
Authors: Bakhmutov Vladimir I. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractProtonation of hydridic hydrogens has attracted increasing interest from chemists over the past decade. This review, focusing on key physicochemical data, describes general rules governing proton transfer to hydride ligands and discusses kinetic schemes for the protonation as a process starting from dihydrogen‐bonded adducts and H‐bonded contact ion pairs and ending in dihydrogen complexes as solvent‐separated ion pairs or free ions. It has been shown that the particulars of proton transfer to hydride ligands and to conventional organic bases are similar. The difference between them is apparent in the contact ion pair formation step. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Quadratic jerk regulation and the seismic control of civil structures
Authors: Geoffrey Chase J. , Barroso Luciana R. , Hunt Stephen 
Published: January 2005

AbstractRegulation of the total structural jerk is a means of managing the structural energy and enhancing the performance of civil structures undergoing large seismic events. A quadratic regulator is derived for the total structural jerk that produces a single algebraic Riccati equation to define the control gains. The resulting control method is tested using a realistic non‐linear structural control case study where the structural response is statistically quantified for large suites of scaled earthquakes. The control method developed is shown to be more effective than typical displacement‐focused active and semi‐active civil structural control methods. In particular, quadratic jerk regulation provides better performance than typical structural control methods for near‐field seismic events where the response is dominated by a large impulse, and relatively poorer results for far‐field seismic inputs where the response is vibratory. Hence, this type of control approach has strong potential for mitigating the damage for large impulse, near‐field events, where jerk regulation provides much more efficient response and damage management. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Upwinding and implicit residual smoothing on cell‐vertex unstructured grids
Authors: Catalano L. A. , Daloiso V. S. E. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA new line‐search algorithm for cell‐vertex unstructured triangular grids is proposed in this paper and combined with an implicit residual smoothing procedure, to accelerate convergence of a recently developed upwind finite‐volume method for the Euler and the Navier–Stokes equations. Both the standard implementation with two smoothing lines and a new procedure using four directions are considered and fully tested to evaluate their efficiency and to determine the optimal smoothing parameters. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A fully conservative model for compressible two‐fluid flow
Authors: Wackers Jeroen , Koren Barry 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA five‐equation model for compressible two‐fluid flow is proposed, that is based on physical flow equations only. The model is conservative and pressure‐oscillation free. Equations for continuous flow and jump conditions for discontinuities are given, as well as a discretization of the equations and an adaptation of the HLL Riemann solver to two‐fluid flow. Numerical tests in 1D and 2D show the accuracy of the method. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.