bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heat recovery with low pressure loss for natural ventilation
Authors: Axmatova S R , Ivanisova A R 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Regenerative heat exchangers are widely used in life support systems, gas turbines, boilers and other high-temperature industrial installations. These heat exchangers are used for cooling and heating gases, humidification and dehumidification of gases, heat recovery from high-potential heat carriers. Today, the increase in energy consumption and the increase in energy prices require a large-scale energy-saving policy in the creation of modern engineering structures – residential, commercial and industrial facilities alike. When designing and creating life support systems to save energy, it is advisable to use secondary energy resources, such as, for example, the heat of the air removed from the room. The energy intensity of conventional ventilation systems is on average 50–80% of the total energy intensity of the engineering systems of the facility where they are operated. The use of rotating regenerative heat exchangers in ventilation and air conditioning systems makes it possible to return up to 85% of heat to the system at a relatively low capital investment. In this regard, when improving such systems, considerable attention should be paid to the calculation, optimization and increase in the efficiency of heat exchangers. Thus, this work is about increasing the efficiency of rotating regenerative heat exchangers in ventilation and air conditioning systems.
Effect due to Cs injection upon current oscillation of the beam extracted from the J-PARC negative hydrogen ion source
Authors: Wada M. , Shibata T. , Shinto K. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
A high-speed emittance measurement system installed at the J-PARC RF negative hydrogen (H-) ion source test stand can construct emittance diagrams of the beam of a specific frequency component. The driving 2 MHz RF power produces small amplitude oscillating components at 2 MHz and at higher harmonic frequencies in the total H- ion beam detected by a Faraday installed downstream of the emittance measurement system. Magnitudes of oscillating component at 2 MHz and 4 MHz frequencies become appreciable as the slits of the emittance measurement system separate the H- ion beam into the position/angle resolved phase space elements. The reconstructed emittance diagrams of H- ion beams for the operation condition with continuous supply of Cs realizing large H- ion current to total extraction current ratios indicate that 2 MHz and 4 MHz frequency oscillating beam components propagate surrounding the center DC beam. Both 2 MHz and 4 MHz oscillating beam components comprise two to three beam particle groups in the phase space. The DC component of the H- ion beam exhibit a single peak in the angular distribution. Meanwhile, oscillating components often take the minima where the DC H- ion beam takes the maximum in the angular distribution diagram. Thus, the regions that produce large amplitude oscillations of the H- ion beam are considered located at the circumference of the beam extraction aperture. One possible explanation for observing larger amplitude beam oscillation can be the enhanced H- ion surface production at the plasma facing the wall of the beam extraction aperture. The operation without the Cs delivery to the source increased electron current coextracted with H- ions and changed the structure of the beam emittance diagram. In the direction perpendicular to the magnetic fields created by a magnetic filter and electron suppression magnets, the peak of the 4 MHz oscillating beam components appeared at the center of the DC beam. This observation suggests the extraction of H- ions formed in the central region by the volume production process near the internal RF antenna. Mechanisms that can excite and diminish the beam fluctuation amplitudes of the extracted H- ion beam are discussed.
Source performance optimization in Cesiated mode in ROBIN
Authors: Pandya K. , Singh M.J. , Bhuyan M. , Bandyopadhyay M. , Tyagi H. , Mahesh V. , Gahlaut A. , Patel K. , Yadav R.K. , Shah S. , Prajapati B. , Mistri H. , Chakraborty A. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
ITER reference design, an inductively coupled single driver RF (100 kW, 1 MHz)-source ROBIN is operational at IPR, Gandhinagar. The first phase of the operation yielded H- current density of 22–25 mA/cm2 and with electron to ion ratios > 1. The Cesium (Cs) consumption was very high compared to a similar source BATMAN operated at IPP, Garching. The lessons learned from the operational experience showed the operational limitations in presence of impurities and excessive evaporation of Cs into the source. Since then the source was disassembled, cleaned, and reassembled to enable the restart of operations under improved and controlled conditions. Recent experiments assisted by relevant diagnosis on the cleaned ROBIN source under controlled Cesiated conditions and improvements based on the lessons learned have resulted in achieving H- current densities > 30 mA/cm2 and electron to ion ratios < 1 and with Cs consumption reduced to ∼ 12 mg/hr. The role of plasma grid bias on the H- current densities and electron to ion ratios have been studied in detail. The observations and results related to Cs conditioning, source performance optimization, source parametric dependence on the beam, and related observations and findings related to the effects of the bias voltage on the source performance shall be presented and discussed.
Evaluation of beam coupling impedance by generating a dedicated database in an ultra-low emittance storage ring
Authors: Moniri S. , Taherparvar P. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The evaluation and accurate understanding of the cause of
collective effects and the related instabilities using corrective
measures, which may limit the achievable current per bunch, is
significant for a prosperous design of charged particle
accelerators. We describe in detail two dominant collective effects,
i.e. space-charge and wakefield effects for a multi-bend achromat
(MBA) storage ring lattice under design. We have developed a
detailed impedance model, which is used to study the beam dynamics,
including the wakefield effects. The beam coupling impedances due to
the wakefields were calculated to construct a coupling impedance
database, with the wakefields of each vacuum component being
maintained in a standard format. The Self-Describing Data Sets
(SDDS) toolkit was used to calculate the wake potentials for all
coupling impedance contributing vacuum components, to be used for an
ultra-low emittance lattice design. The ELEGANT code was utilized
for the particle tracking in an element-by-element procedure along
the lattice. A bunch with the Gaussian distribution was assumed to
calculate the model for a distributed resistive-wall impedance and
the impedance generated by geometrical discontinuities for the
various accelerator elements. Moreover, we evaluated the
potential-well distortion effect due to longitudinal phase space
motion for a system of electron bunches. The collective effects in
multi-particle systems have been evaluated for the estimation of the
beam instability with more accurate results, defined by their
sources in the designed lattice and describing their effects on beam
instabilities with remarkable consequences like energy loss and
betatron tune shift.
18-years of high-Alpine rock wall monitoring using terrestrial laser scanning at the Tour Ronde east face, Mont-Blanc massif
Authors: Courtial-Manent Léa , Ravanel Ludovic , Mugnier Jean-Louis , Deline Philip , Lhosmot Alexandre , Rabatel Antoine , Duvillard Pierre-Allain , Batoux Philippe 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Since the end of the 20th century, each decade has been warmer than the previous one in the European Alps. As a consequence, Alpine rock walls are generally facing high rockfall activity, likely due to permafrost degradation. We use a unique terrestrial laser scanning derived rockfall catalog over 18 years (2005–2022) compared with photographs (1859–2022) to quantify the evolution of the east face of Tour Ronde (3440–3792 m a.s.l.) in the Mont-Blanc massif (western European Alps) that is permafrost-affected. Overall, 210 rockfalls were identified, from 1 to 15 500 m3. Forty-five events were >100 m3 while cumulated volume of events <10 m3 represents <1% of the fallen rocks. The rockfall magnitude-frequency distribution of the overall inventory follows a power law, with a mean exponent b of 0.44 ± 0.03, characterizing a high contribution of large rockfalls. The depth of failure ranges from a few centimeters to more than 20 m while 95% of the rockfalls depth is <5 m, highlighting the role of the active layer. The mean rock wall erosion rate is 18.3 ± 0.2 mm yr−1 for the 2005–2022 period and ranks in the top range of reported values in the Alps. It has greatly increased between the periods 2006–2014 and 2016–2022, probably in relation to a series of summer heat waves. The exceptional erosion rate of 2015 is driven by one large rockfall in August. Since 2006, an ice apron that covered 16 100 m2 has now almost vanished, and the surface of the glacier du Géant at the rock wall foot has lowered by several tens of meters. The retreat of these two ice masses contributed to the rock wall instability as more than 35% of the rockfall volume detached from the deglaciated surfaces.
Remodelling selection to optimise disease forecasts and policies
Authors: Gomes M Gabriela M , Blagborough Andrew M , Langwig Kate E , Ringwald Beate 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMathematical models are increasingly adopted for setting disease prevention and control targets. As model-informed policies are implemented, however, the inaccuracies of some forecasts become apparent, for example overprediction of infection burdens and intervention impacts. Here, we attribute these discrepancies to methodological limitations in capturing the heterogeneities of real-world systems. The mechanisms underpinning risk factors of infection and their interactions determine individual propensities to acquire disease. These factors are potentially so numerous and complex that to attain a full mechanistic description is likely unfeasible. To contribute constructively to the development of health policies, model developers either leave factors out (reductionism) or adopt a broader but coarse description (holism). In our view, predictive capacity requires holistic descriptions of heterogeneity which are currently underutilised in infectious disease epidemiology, in comparison to other population disciplines, such as non-communicable disease epidemiology, demography, ecology and evolution.
UV laser-processed microstructure for building biohybrid actuators with anisotropic movement
Authors: Mita Hiroaki , Mizuno Yosuke , Tanaka Hiroto , Fujie Toshinori 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Fabrication of a biohybrid actuator requires muscle cells anisotropically aligned in a line, curve, or combination of lines and curves (similar to the microstructure of living muscle tissue) to replicate lifelike movements, in addition to considering the arrangement of skeletal structure or muscular structure with anisotropic straight patterns. Here, we report a UV laser-processed microstructure for freely directing cellular alignment to engineer a biohybrid actuator composed of poly(styrene-block-butadiene-block-styrene triblock copolymer) (SBS) thin film with tailor-made microgrooves (MGs) and skeletal myotubes aligned along these MGs. Specifically, straight, circular, or curved MGs were transferred to SBS thin films from a UV laser-processed template, allowing for the successful alignment of myotubes along MGs. The biohybrid actuator, composed of anisotropically aligned myotubes on a curved microgrooved SBS thin film, was contracted by electrical stimulation. Contraction of biohybrid actuators with curved aligned myotubes permits twisted-like behavior, unlike straight microgrooved films. Therefore, the UV laser-ablation system is a unique maskless and rapid microfabrication technique that provides intriguing opportunities for omni-directional microgrooved structures to achieve the complex motion of living organisms.
Traumatic Brain Injury Characteristics Are Not Related to Neurocognitive Decline in Older Adults: A Nationwide Longitudinal Cohort Study
Authors: Schaffert Jeff , LoBue Christian , Chiang Hsueh-Sheng , Peters Matthew E , Hart Jr John , Cullum C Munro 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objective
Evaluate whether traumatic brain injury (TBI) characteristics, age of injury, or recency of injury predicts the course of neurocognitive decline and/or increases conversion rates to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia.

Methods
Data were obtained from the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center for participants 50–85 years old with 3–5 visits from 2015 to 2022, with or without TBI history (TBI+ = 508; TBI− = 2,382). Groups were stratified by self-reported TBI history (i.e., single TBI without loss of consciousness [LOC], single TBI with LOC, multiple TBI without LOC, and multiple TBI with LOC), age of most recent TBI, and recency of TBI. Mixed linear models compared neuropsychological composite trajectories (executive functioning/attention/speed, language, memory, and global), co-varying for age, gender, education, apolipoprotein E4 status, race/ethnicity, and baseline diagnosis (normal aging n = 1,720, MCI n = 749, or dementia n = 417). Logistic binary regression examined MCI/dementia conversion rates.

Results
There was a slightly higher frequency of MCI/dementia in those with multiple TBIs (50% to 60% with and without LOC, compared to 39% with no TBI) at baseline, but longitudinal trajectories were similar. TBI history, age of injury, or recency of injury did not impact neurocognitive trajectories or conversion rates to MCI/dementia (all p’s &gt; .01).

Conclusions
TBI history, regardless of injury characteristics, age of injury, or recency of injury, did not worsen neurocognitive decline or MCI/dementia conversion. Additional longitudinal research in more diverse cohorts with a wider range of TBI severity is needed to evaluate the specific factors and possible mechanisms in which TBI may increase dementia risk.
Ultrafast learning of four-node hybridization cycles in phylogenetic networks using algebraic invariants
Authors: Wu Zhaoxing , Solís-Lemus Claudia 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Motivation
The abundance of gene flow in the Tree of Life challenges the notion that evolution can be represented with a fully bifurcating process which cannot capture important biological realities like hybridization, introgression, or horizontal gene transfer. Coalescent-based network methods are increasingly popular, yet not scalable for big data, because they need to perform a heuristic search in the space of networks as well as numerical optimization that can be NP-hard. Here, we introduce a novel method to reconstruct phylogenetic networks based on algebraic invariants. While there is a long tradition of using algebraic invariants in phylogenetics, our work is the first to define phylogenetic invariants on concordance factors (frequencies of four-taxon splits in the input gene trees) to identify level-1 phylogenetic networks under the multispecies coalescent model.

Results
Our novel hybrid detection methodology is optimization-free as it only requires the evaluation of polynomial equations, and as such, it bypasses the traversal of network space, yielding a computational speed at least 10 times faster than the fastest-to-date network methods. We illustrate our method’s performance on simulated and real data from the genus Canis.

Availability and implementation
We present an open-source publicly available Julia package PhyloDiamond.jl available at https://github.com/solislemuslab/PhyloDiamond.jl with broad applicability within the evolutionary community.
2. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN MEDICINE: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CHATGPT'S LEARNING CAPABILITY IN RESOLVING MEDICAL SPECIALIZATION QUESTIONS
Authors: Fuentes-Martín Á , Cilleruelo Ramos Á , Segura Méndez B , Victoriano Soriano G I , Mora Puentes D , Represa Pastor T , Pérez Aragón M , Soro García J 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Introduction
ChatGPT is a Natural Language Processing (NLP) model trained via machine learning algorithms that has proven capable of passing multiple selective medical tests. The aim of this study is to evaluate its “self-learning” capacity over a 90-day interval in solving specialized medical questions.

Methods
A comparative descriptive analysis of the problem-solving ability of ChatGPT - 3.5 (10/02/2023 - 15/02/2023) versus ChatGPT - 4 (11/05/2023 - 13/05/2023) was conducted on the competitive exams for the position of Specialist in Thoracic Surgery, as announced by the Andalusian Health Service in 2022. This competitive exam was chosen because of its multiple-choice structure and its division into a theoretical questionnaire and a practical questionnaire.

Results
Success rate: ChatGPT - 3.5 58.90% (86/146): theoretical questionnaire 63.2% (62/98) and practical questionnaire 50% (24/48) / ChatGPT - 4 65.7% (96/146): theoretical questionnaire 71.43% (70/98) and practical questionnaire 54.16% (26/48). Inferential analysis showed no significant differences (p&gt;0.05) with regard to the rate of correct answers between both versions globally, nor with respect to the theoretical or practical questionnaire.

Conclusion
Despite the constant “self-learning” of this Artificial Intelligence model, its performance in solving specialized medical questions, which require critical reasoning, remains an ongoing developmental challenge.
8. META-HEALTH. USING THE METAVERSE TO FACILITATE THE UNDERSTANDING OF THE PATIENT'S INFORMED CONSENT AND THEIR PERIOPERATIVE PROCESS
Authors: Sánchez-Guillén L , Rebollo-Santamaría C , Montaña-Miranda N , Pérez-Berenguer M , Martínez-Galisteo P , Lillo-García C , López-Rodríguez-Arias F , Arroyo A 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Introduction
The informed consent (IC) process can sometimes result in a lack of understanding due to the technical nature of the information provided. Coupled with the physical disorientation within the hospital, this can lead to perioperative anxiety and a greater risk of complications.

Methods
META-health is an application for mobile devices that seeks to improve these deficiencies using metaverse and extended reality visualization technologies. By recreating the hospital environment in a virtual setting, it allows repeating the preoperative consultation and visualization of various hospital areas, including the hospitalization floor, operating room, and consultation spaces. Multimedia content is included so that the information can be more easily understood. In addition, gamification has been implemented as an option to integrate entertainment into the understanding process of stomatal management.

Results
The pilot application was modeled and developed, and the first focus group was held to assess the quality, management, orientation, and comprehension of content. The sample of 12 patients indicated proposals for improvement and functional errors: 66.7% required control of the explanatory videos, 75% requested information on ostomies and difficulties in handling the joystick. The application is currently focused on colorectal cancer patients and intends to expand to other conditions and functionalities to become a functional metaverse. Finally, 100% of participants confirmed the usefulness of the idea and the importance of receiving information and support throughout the process.

Conclusion
The use of extended reality and the metaverse improves the understanding of informed consent (IC) by patients and relatives, as well as decreases perioperative anxiety.
14. “TEXTBOOK OUTCOMES” IN SURGICAL APPROACH OF DIFFERENTIATED THYROID CANCER
Authors: Santana Valenciano A , Porrero Guerrero B , Luengo Pierrard P , Mena Mateos A , Nieto Martos M R , Pérez Izquierdo C B , Cabañas Montero L J , Fernández Cebrián J M 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Introduction
The textbook outcome (TO) is a composite quality measure used to define the achievement of multiple ideal surgical results. There is a lack of studies regarding TO in differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC). The aim of the study is to define the TO in DTC surgery and determine the factors that avoid its achievement.

Methods
Retrospective study of consecutive patients undergoing surgery for DTC between 01/01/2021 and 31/03/2023. The TO is defined by the absence of complications (hematoma, recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy, hypocalcemia, seroma, surgical site infection (SSI)), prolonged hospital stay (exceeding the 75th percentile), readmission, and 90-day mortality.

Results
Fifty-nine patients were included (median age 53 years (43-61), 43 women (72,9%)) with a median follow-up of 17 months (14-20). The majority presented with unilateral nodules (32; 54,2%), Bethesda VI (24; 44,4%), with a median size of 21mm (11,75-35,0).
Thirty-one patients (52,5%) underwent total thyroidectomy, 28(47,5%) lobectomy, 15 unilateral CCL (25,4%), 10 bilateral CCL (16,9%) and 10 unilateral LCL (16,9%). The median hospital stay was 1 day (1-1). Fourteen patients (23,7%) had complications: 1 hematoma (1,7%), 5 hoarseness (8,5%), 4 transient recurrent nerve palsy (6,8%) and 2 permanent (3,4%), 7 transient hypocalcemia (11,9%) and 4 permanent (6,8%), 2 SSI (3,4%) and 3 seroma (5,1%). Two patients were readmitted because of SSI (one requiring emergency surgery).
In total, 69,5% (41) patients achieved TO. Risk factors that avoided its consecution were: total thyroidectomy [OR7,81 IC95%(1,95-31,25); p=0,004)] and unilateral LCL [OR4,63 IC95%(1,12-19,20); p=0,035)].

Conclusion
Most of the patients achieved TO. The predictors associated to the absence of TO achievement were total thyroidectomy and unilateral LCL, meaning that the more aggressive the surgery is, the greater the chances are of surgical complications.
20. IMPLEMENTATION OF A SEMI-AUTOMATED SEGMENTATION TOOL FOR COLON SURGICAL PLANNING
Authors: Lobato C , Sánchez-Margallo J A , Sánchez-Margallo F M 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Introduction
This study outlines the design and implementation of an application focused on optimizing surgical planning for colon surgery through the automated segmentation process of Computed Axial Tomography (CT) images. The tool provides continuous assistance to the user, enhancing the overall process management and efficiency.

Methods
A module has been developed for the 3DSlicer image computing platform. The algorithm was programmed in Python, primarily utilizing the Slicer, MRML, and VTK libraries. Additionally, DICOM images obtained from a publicly available database were used as samples for the study.

Results
The implementation of the semi-automatic segmentation method has proved to be successful, achieving the creation of a three-dimensional (3D) model of the colon with satisfactory results. The user has the facility to upload a CT image from a DICOM study, and through few interactions, a 3D model of the colon is generated, optimizing the surgical planning process.

Conclusion
Although we have successfully developed a semi-automatic segmentation method, the process requires certain specific conditions. For the image to be interpreted correctly, the patient must be treated with iodinated contrast medium prior to the CT study. In addition, an insufflation of the colon should be performed. These prerequisites are essential to ensure the quality and accuracy of the resulting images, which in turn will impact the efficiency of the planning process.