bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Small Bowel Neuroendocrine Neoplasms—A Review
Authors: Vulasala Sai Swarupa , Virarkar Mayur , Gopireddy Dheeraj , Waters Rebecca , Alkhasawneh Ahmad , Awad Ziad , Maxwell Jessica , Ramani Nisha , Kumar Sindhu , Onteddu Nirmal , Morani Ajaykumar C. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are rapidly evolving small bowel tumors, and the patients are asymptomatic at the initial stages. Metastases are commonly observed at the time of presentation and diagnosis. This review addresses the small bowel NEN (SB-NEN) and its molecular, histological, and imaging features, which aid diagnosis and therapy guidance. Somatic cell number alterations and epigenetic mutations are studied to be responsible for sporadic and familial SB-NEN. The review also describes the grading of SB-NEN in addition to rare histological findings such as mixed neuroendocrine-non-NENs. Anatomic and nuclear imaging with conventional computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomographic enterography, and positron emission tomography are adopted in clinical practice for diagnosing, staging, and follow-up of NEN. Along with the characteristic imaging features of SB-NEN, the therapeutic aspects of imaging, such as peptide receptor radionuclide therapy, are discussed in this review.
Radiomics Analysis to Predict Lymphovascular Invasion of Gastric Cancer Based on Iodine-Based Material Decomposition Images and Virtual Monoenergetic Images
Authors: Shi Cen , Yan Jiulong , Yu Yixing , Hu Chunhong 
Published: December 2023

Objective
This study aimed to investigate the utility of virtual monoenergetic images (VMIs) and iodine-based material decomposition images (IMDIs) in the assessment of lymphovascular invasion (LVI) in gastric cancer (GC) patients.

Methods
A total of 103 GC patients who underwent dual-energy spectral computed tomography preoperatively were enrolled. The LVI status was confirmed by pathological analysis. The radiomics features obtained from the 70 keV VMI and IMDI were used to build radiomics models. Independent clinical factors for LVI were identified and used to build the clinical model. Then, combined models were constructed by fusing clinical factors and radiomics signatures. The predictive performance of these models was evaluated.

Results
The computed tomography–reported N stage was an independent predictor of LVI, and the areas under the curve (AUCs) of the clinical model in the training group and testing group were 0.750 and 0.765, respectively. The radiomics models using the VMI signature and IMDI signature and combining these 2 signatures outperformed the clinical model, with AUCs of 0.835, 0.855, and 0.924 in the training set and 0.838, 0.825, and 0.899 in the testing set, respectively. The model combined with the computed tomography–reported N stage and the 2 radiomics signatures achieved the best performance in the training (AUC, 0.925) and testing (AUC, 0.961) sets, with a good degree of calibration and clinical utility for LVI prediction.

Conclusions
The preoperative assessment of LVI in GC is improved by radiomics features based on VMI and IMDI. The combination of clinical, VMI-, and IMDI-based radiomics features effectively predicts LVI and provides support for clinical treatment decisions.
An Analysis of 10,000 Cases of Living Donor Liver Transplantation in Japan
Authors: Eguchi Susumu , Umeshita Koji , Soejima Yuji , Eguchi Hidetoshi , Egawa Hiroto , Fukumoto Takumi , Haga Hironori , Hasegawa Kiyoshi , Kasahara Mureo , Nagano Hiroaki , Takada Yasutsugu , Tokushige Katsutoshi , Ueda Yoshihide , Mochida Satoshi , Matsushima Hajime , Adachi Tomohiko , Ohdan Hideki ,   The Japanese Liver Transplantation Society
Published: December 2023

Objective:
To analyze 10,000 cases of living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) recipient data to elucidate outcomes with special reference to the graft-versus-recipient weight ratio (GRWR), based on the Japanese Liver Transplantation Society (JLTS) registry.

Background:
The JLTS registry has been accurate and complete in characterizing and following trends in patient characteristics and survival of all patients with LDLT.

Methods:
Between November 1989 and August 2021, 10,000 patients underwent LDLT in Japan. The procedures performed during the study period included pediatric liver transplantation (age <18 years, n = 3572) and adult liver transplantation (age ≥18 years, n=6428). Factors related to patient survival (PS) and graft survival (GS) were also analyzed.

Results:
The GRWR was <0.7, 0.7 to <0.8, 0.8 to <3, 3 to <5, and ≥5 in 0.2%, 2.0%, 61.8%, 31.8%, and 2.6% of pediatric patients and <0.6, 0.6 to <0.7, 0.7 to <0.8, and ≥0.8 in 8.0%, 12.7%, 17.7%, and 61.5% of adult patients, respectively. Among pediatric recipients, the PS rate up to 5 years was significantly better in cases with a GRWR ≤5 than in those with a GRWR >5. When the GRWR and donor age were combined, among adult recipients 50 to 60 years old, the early PS and GS up to 5 years were significantly better in cases with a GRWR ≥0.7, than in those with a GRWR <0.7. (P = 0.02). In adults, a multivariate analysis showed that GRWR <0.6, transplant era (<2011), donor age (>60 years), recipient age (>60 years), model for end-stage liver disease score (≥20), and center volume (<10) were significant prognostic factors for long-term PS.

Conclusion:
Although a satisfactory long-term PS and GS, especially in the recent era (2011-2021), was achieved in the JLTS series, a GRWR ≥5 in pediatric cases and relatively old donors with a GRWR <0.7 in adult cases should be managed with caution.
Fertilisation of agricultural soils with municipal biosolids: Part 1- Glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid inputs to Québec field crop soils
Authors: Charbonneau Ariane , Lucotte Marc , Moingt Matthieu , Blakney J. C. Andrew , Morvan Simon , Bipfubusa Marie , Pitre Frédéric E. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMunicipal biosolids (MBS) are suggested to be abundant, sustainable, inexpensive fertilisers, rich in phosphorus and nitrogen. However, MBS can also contain glyphosate and phosphonates that can degrade to AMPA. Glyphosate-based herbicides (HBG) are used in field crops all over the world. Most glyphosate generally degrades within a few weeks, mainly as aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA). AMPA is more persistent than glyphosate, and can accumulate from one crop year to the next. AMPA is phytotoxic even to glyphosate-resistant crops. The aims of this study were to assess whether applications of MBS significantly contribute to: 1) glyphosate and AMPA contents of agricultural soils, 2) trace metal elements contents, and 3) partial replacement of mineral fertilisation while maintaining similar yields. To this end, four experimental agricultural sites were selected in Québec (Canada). Soil samples (0-20 cm) were collected to estimate the as yet unmeasured contribution of BSM application to glyphosate and AMPA inputs in agricultural soils. MBS applied in 2021 and 2022 had mean concentrations of 0.69 ± 0.53 µg glyphosate/dry g and 6.26 ± 1.93 µg AMPA/dry g. Despite the presence of glyphosate and AMPA in MBS, monitoring of these two compounds in corn and soybean crops over two years showed no significant difference between plots treated with and without MBS applications. For the same site, yields measured at harvest were similar between treatments. MBS application could thus represent a partial alternative to mineral fertilisers for field crops, while limiting the economic and environmental costs associated with their incineration and landfilling. It is also an economic advantage for agricultural producers given the possibility of using fewer mineral fertilisers and therefore reducing the environmental impact of their use.HighlightsMunicipal biosolids (MBS) offer significant potential for fertilising field cropsMBS contain significant amounts of both glyphosate and AMPASoil chemistry and crop yields were followed in MBS treated and untreated plotsGlyphosate and AMPA contents in soil do not increase with MBS treatmentMBS are a good substitute for mineral fertilisers leading to similarly crop yieldsGraphical abstract
Optimal stimulation sites of the subthalamic nucleus for the treatment of gait symptoms of Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Mei Zhongke , Hofer Anna-Sophie , Baumann Christian , Uhl Mechtild , Singh Navrag , Taylor William R. , Stieglitz Lennart , Ravi Deepak 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDeep brain stimulation (DBS) targeting the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is a widely adopted therapy for mitigating motor symptoms in Parkinson’s Disease (PD). Although the electrode placement site has been proposed as a significant factor influencing motor outcomes, the specific relationships between electrode location and therapeutic effects on gait performance remain unclear. This study seeks to identify optimal stimulation sites within the STN to effectively address gait symptoms in patients with PD (PwPD). We assessed overground gait performance in 49 PwPD who underwent bilateral STN-DBS surgery, both before treatment initiation and six months post-implantation, comparing the results to 51 asymptomatic individuals. Our evaluation focused on treatment-induced changes in the mean (mean set) and coefficient of variability (variability set) of ten commonly used spatio-temporal gait parameters, such as stride length and walking speed. We also examined their correlation with the location of the active contacts of the DBS electrodes utilized for therapeutic stimulation. Our findings indicate that DBS treatment resulted in a significant reduction in stride time, stance time, swing time, and step time, in addition to an increase in the variability of double limb stance time, stride time, stance time, and step time. Furthermore, we observed that the location of the active contacts resulted in alterations in mean step length, stride length, and walking speed, as well as changes to cadence, stride time, stance time, and step width. We identified the postero-superior region of the STN as the most effective region for improving the mean set, whereas the antero-superior region of the STN emerged as the most effective region for improving the variability set. This study provides empirical evidence on how STN-DBS, in tandem with the location of active lead contacts, impacts both mean and variability of spatio-temporal gait parameters in PwPD. Importantly, our results indicate specific STN spatial targets for DBS implantation to address patient specific gait symptoms.
Impaired incretin homeostasis in non-diabetic moderate-severe CKD
Authors: Ahmadi Armin , Gamboa Jorge , Norman Jennifer E. , Enkhmaa Byambaa , Tucker Madelynn , Bennett Brian J. , Zelnick Leila R. , Fan Sili , Berglund Lars F. , Ikizler Talat Alp , de Boer Ian H. , Cummings Bethany P. , Roshanravan Baback 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundIncretins are regulators of insulin secretion and glucose homeostasis that are metabolized by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4). Moderate-severe CKD may modify incretin release, metabolism, or response.MethodsWe performed 2-hour oral glucose tolerance testing (OGTT) in 59 people with non-diabetic CKD (eGFR<60 ml/min per 1.73 m2) and 39 matched controls. We measured total (tAUC) and incremental (iAUC) area under the curve of plasma total glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and total glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). Fasting DPP-4 levels and activity were measured. Linear regression was used to adjust for demographic, body composition, and lifestyle factors.ResultsMean eGFR was 38 ±13 and 89 ±17ml/min per 1.73 m2in CKD and controls. GLP-1 iAUC and GIP iAUC were higher in CKD than controls with a mean of 1531 ±1452 versus 1364 ±1484 pMxmin, and 62370 ±33453 versus 42365 ±25061 pgxmin/ml, respectively. After adjustment, CKD was associated with 15271 pMxmin/ml greater GIP iAUC (95% CI 387, 30154) compared to controls. Adjustment for covariates attenuated associations of CKD with higher GLP-1 iAUC (adjusted difference, 122, 95% CI -619, 864). Plasma glucagon levels were higher at 30 minutes (mean difference, 1.6, 95% CI 0.3, 2.8 mg/dl) and 120 minutes (mean difference, 0.84, 95% CI 0.2, 1.5 mg/dl) in CKD compared to controls. There were no differences in insulin levels or plasma DPP-4 activity or levels between groups.ConclusionIncretin response to oral glucose is preserved or augmented in moderate-severe CKD, without apparent differences in circulating DPP-4 concentration or activity. However, neither insulin secretion nor glucagon suppression are enhanced.Significance statementCKD is associated with metabolic and physiological disturbances including disturbed glucose and insulin homeostasis. Incretin hormones are potent regulators of insulin secretion and glucose metabolism; however, determinants and potential consequence of incretin response in CKD are incompletely understood. This study revealed that total incretin levels and incretin response during oral glucose tolerance testing (OGTT) were significantly higher among patients with moderate-severe non-diabetic CKD compared to healthy. Unlike in healthy individuals, increased incretin response was not correlated with insulin and C-peptide response to OGTT in CKD. These differences coincided with persistently greater glucagon levels in response to physiological stimuli in CKD. Disruption in the incretin system and glucagon dynamics may contribute to metabolic disturbances in moderate-severe CKD.Visual abstract
LITERATURE REVIEW: DISASTER RISK REDUCTION PROGRAMS TO INCREASE PUBLIC AWARENESS OF NATURAL DISASTERS
Authors: Asih Susi Wahyuning , Pandin Moses Glorino Rumambo , Yusuf Ahmad , Supriyadi  
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe key components of disaster risk reduction typically include risk assessment, early warning systems, public awareness and education, infrastructure and land-use planning, preparedness and response planning, and sustainable development. The third component is the public awareness and education. Educating communities about potential risks and how to prepare for and respond to disasters is crucial for building resilience and ensuring the effective implementation of DRR measures. The fourth component is infrastructure and land-use planning. Regarding the preparedness and response planning, developing comprehensive disaster preparedness and response plans is helpful in ensuring a swift and coordinated response during emergencies, thereby minimizing the impact on life and property. Lastly, regarding sustainable development, integrating DRR into development planning can help create sustainable and resilient communities that are better equipped to withstand and recover from disasters.PurposeThis study aims to review articles that examine the disaster risk reduction program to increase public awareness of natural disastersDesignThis study was categorized as a literature reviewMethodData were collected by searching articles published on SAGE, Springer link, Proquest, Scopus, and Science Direc in 2020-2023.Results263 articles were used in the review. These articles discuss the disaster risk reduction program to increase public awareness of natural disasters. Fifteen articles reviewed were original research.ConclusionLocal communities play a central role in hazard identification, development of preparedness plans, detection and response to emergencies, and implementation of recovery efforts. Community leaders and local health workers (e.g. family doctors, nurses, midwives, pharmacists, community health workers).
Human cranial bone-derived mesenchymal stem cells cultured under microgravity can improve cerebral infarction in rats
Authors: Kuwabara Masashi , Mitsuhara Takafumi , Teranishi Masataka , Okazaki Takahito , Takeda Masaaki , Ishii Daizo , Kondo Hiroshi , Shimizu Kiyoharu , Hosogai Masahiro , Hara Takeshi , Maeda Yuyo , Kurose Tomoyuki , Kawahara Yumi , Yuge Louis , Horie Nobutaka 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundTransplantation of human cranial bone-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hcMSCs) in patients with central nervous system disorders may improve motor function through high neurotrophic factor expression. However, the effects of hcMSCs cultured under microgravity (MG) conditions on cerebral infarction remain unclear. Thus, this study investigated the transplantation effects of hcMSCs cultured in a simulated MG environment on cerebral infarction model rats.MethodsFor immunohistological analysis and neurological function evaluation, hcMSCs cultured in normal gravity (1G) or MG environment were transplanted in rats 1 day after inducing cerebral infarction. The expression of endogenous neurotrophic; axonal, neuronal, and synaptogenic; angiogenic; and apoptosis-related factors in infarcted rat brain tissue was examined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western blotting analyses 35 days after stroke induction. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) of hcMSCs cultured under 1G or MG environments were sequenced.ResultsNeurological function was significantly improved after transplantation of hcMSCs from the MG group compared with that from the 1G group. Protein expressions of nerve growth factor, fibroblast growth factor 2, and synaptophysin were significantly higher in the MG group than in the 1G group, whereas sortilin 1 expression was significantly lower. MiRNA analysis revealed that genes related to cell proliferation, angiogenesis, neurotrophy, anti-apoptosis, neural and synaptic organization, and cell differentiation inhibition were significantly upregulated in the MG group. In contrast, genes promoting microtubule and extracellular matrix formation and cell adhesion, signaling, and differentiation were downregulated.ConclusionsThese results indicate that hcMSCs cultured in an MG environment may be a useful source of stem cells for the recovery of neurological function in cerebral infarction patients.
Hofbauer cells and fetal brain microglia share transcriptional profiles and responses to maternal diet-induced obesity
Authors: Batorsky Rebecca , Ceasrine Alexis M. , Shook Lydia L. , Kislal Sezen , Bordt Evan A. , Devlin Benjamin A. , Perlis Roy H. , Slonim Donna K. , Bilbo Staci D. , Edlow Andrea G. 
Published: December 2023

SummaryMaternal immune activation is associated with adverse offspring neurodevelopmental outcomes, many mediated by in utero microglial programming. As microglia remain inaccessible throughout development, identification of noninvasive biomarkers reflecting fetal brain microglial programming could permit screening and intervention. We used lineage tracing to demonstrate the shared ontogeny between fetal brain macrophages (microglia) and fetal placental macrophages (Hofbauer cells) in a mouse model of maternal diet-induced obesity, and single-cell RNA-seq to demonstrate shared transcriptional programs. Comparison with human datasets demonstrated conservation of placental resident macrophage signatures between mice and humans. Single-cell RNA-seq identified common alterations in fetal microglial and Hofbauer cell gene expression induced by maternal obesity, as well as sex differences in these alterations. We propose that Hofbauer cells, which are easily accessible at birth, provide novel insights into fetal brain microglial programs, and may facilitate the early identification of offspring vulnerable to neurodevelopmental disorders in the setting of maternal exposures.
Expansion of Artemisinin Partial Resistance Mutations and Lack of Histidine Rich Protein-2 and -3 Deletions inPlasmodium falciparum infectionsfrom Rukara, Rwanda
Authors: Schreidah Cecile , Giesbrecht David , Gashema Pierre , Young Neeva , Munyaneza Tharcisse , Muvunyi Claude Mambo , Thwai Kyaw , Mazarati Jean-Baptiste , Bailey Jeffrey , Juliano Jonathan J , Karema Corine 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundEmerging artemisinin resistance and diagnostic resistance are a threat to malaria control in Africa.Plasmodium falciparumkelch13 (K13) propeller-domain mutations that confer artemisinin partial resistance have emerged in Africa. K13-561H was initially described at a frequency of 7.4% from Masaka in 2014-2015 but not present in nearby Rukara. By 2018, 19.6% of isolates in Masaka and 22% of isolates in Rukara contained the mutation. Longitudinal monitoring is essential to inform control efforts. In Rukara, we sought to assess recent K13-561H prevalence changes, as well as for other key mutations. Prevalence ofhrp2/3deletions was also assessed.MethodsWe genotyped samples collected in Rukara in 2021 for key artemisinin and partner drug resistance mutations using molecular inversion probe assays and forhrp2/3deletions using qPCR.ResultsClinically validated K13 artemisinin partial resistance mutations continue to increase in prevalence with the overall level of artemisinin resistance mutant infections reaching 32% in Rwanda. The increase appears to be due to the rapid emergence of K13-675V (6.4%, 6/94 infections), previously not observed, rather than continued expansion of 561H (23.5% 20/85). Mutations to partner drugs and other antimalarials were variable, with high levels of multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1) N86 (95.5%) associated with lumefantrine resistance and dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) 164L (24.7%) associated with antifolate resistance, but low levels of amodiaquine resistance polymorphisms with chloroquine resistance transporter (CRT)76T: at 6.1% prevalence. Nohrp2orhrp3gene deletions associated with diagnostic resistance were found.ConclusionsIncreasing prevalence of artemisinin partial resistance due to K13-561H and the rapid expansion of K13-675V is concerning for the longevity of artemisinin effectiveness in the region. False negative mRDT results do not appear to be an issue with nohrp2 or hpr3deletions detected. Continued molecular surveillance in this region and surrounding areas is needed to follow artemisinin resistance and provide early detection of partner drug resistance, which would likely compromise control and increase malaria morbidity and mortality in East Africa.
Knockdown resistance (kdr) Associated organochlorine Resistance in mosquito-borne diseases (Culex pipiens): Systematic study of reviews and meta-analysis
Authors: Abbasi Ebrahim , Daliri Salman , Talbalaghi Asghar , Mehrpouya Fatemeh , Hasanzadeh arab Maryam , Aslvaeli Atena 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundCulex pipiensis the vector of a large number of pathogenic pathogens in humans. Using insecticides to deal with this vector is the most important way to control it. However, in recent decades, resistance to insecticides has been reported in this vector. One of the main insecticides used to fight this vector is organochlorine insecticides. Based on this, this study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of Knockdown resistance (kdr) inCulex pipiensagainst organochlorine insecticides.MethodsThis study was conducted by systematic review and meta-analysis in the field of kdr prevalence inCulex pipiensagainst organochlorine insecticides. Based on this, during the search in the scientific databases PubMed, Web of Science, biooan.org, Embase, ProQuest, Scopus, and Google Scholar without time limit until the end of November 2023, all related articles were extracted and analyzed. The statistical analysis of the data was performed using the random and fixed effects model in the meta-analysis, Cochran’s test,I2index, and meta-regression by STATA software version 17.Resultsseven studies with a sample size of 2,029Culex pipienswere included in the meta-analysis process. Based on the findings, the kdr resistance prevalence against Deltamethrin, Malathion, Permethrin, and DDT insecticides was estimated as 30.6%, 42%, 17.9%, and 76.3% respectively. Among them, the highest resistance to DDT and the lowest to Permethrin was observed.ConclusionBased on the findings, a large proportion ofCulex pipiensmosquitoes were resistant to DDT insecticide. However, this vector was highly sensitive to Deltamethrin, Malathion, and Permethrin insecticides. Due to the different resistance ratios in different regions of the world, it is recommended to conduct studies on the prevalence of kdr inCulex pipiens.