bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gibberellic acid (GA) role in acetyl-coA carboxylase enzyme regulation and in improving oil palm yield
Authors: Kresnawaty Irma , Santoso Djoko , Permatasari Galuh Wening , Hudiyono Sumi 
Published: January 2024

Seaweed specifically, Sargassum sp. is known to contains a boosting hormone growth that has been promoted plant growth and yield due to the containing of auxin, gibberelic acid (GA) and cytokinine, and also some amino acids especially glutamic acid. Those composition could be used as an booster of palm oil production which related to acetyl co-A carboxylase activity (ACC). ACC is the rate determination step in fatty acid accumulation, and becomes active through dephosphorylation of some serine residues that induced by magnesium and glutamate. Moreover, ACC was regulated by AtWRI1 and AtWRI1-TCP4 interaction, a mechanism that allow fine-tuning of the oil biosynthetic pathway. In this research we conducted gene expression experiments, and molecular docking analyses to study the possible mechanism of seaweed composition stimulating oil accumulation in the oil palm. Further analysis was conducted to ensure whether the interaction between TCP4 and candidate inhibitors were able to phosphorylate TCP4 and decrease its activity. GA application resulted in the increase of oil accumulation in 1 month after application, although in the second month the oil accumulation showed decreasing. Increase of oil accumulation in the first month in line with the increase of the expression of ACC in 3rd and 5th weeks. Meanwhile, TCP4 showed decrease expression that resulted in the increase of the WRI1 in 5th week. From this result, it was indicated that GA application could block the TCP4, so it could not interact with WRI1, resulted in the expression of WRI1 and ACC. This interaction stimulates the oil accumulation in oil palm.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE VARIATION OF LEARNING MEDIA USE AND THE LEARNING MOTIVATION OF PACKAGE B STUDENTS AT PKBM FARILLA ILMI, PADANG CITY
Authors: Febrina Laraswati Rheka , Solfema Solfema 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
The relationship between PKBM Farilla Ilmi Package B students in Padang City varies the use of learning media and learning motivation. Thesis of the Faculty of Education, Padang State University. It is the motivation of students studying who take part in package B PKBM Farilla Ilmi learning in Padang City that is the background for making this essay. The purpose of this study was to examine data on the use of different learning media and the motivation of Package B students at PKBM and to understand the relationship between these two factors at PKBM Farilla Ilmi, Padang City.
This type of research is a type of national quantitative research that looks at the interaction between various types of learning media and the learning motivation of package B students at PKBM Farilla Ilmi, Padang City. The data analysis technique uses percentage and sperman rho techniques to display the images of the two variables and their respective relationships. With a population of 40 people and a sample of 28 people, 70% of the population was selected. The research findings show that: (1) There are many variations in the use of educational media; (2) There are many variations on how students are motivated; and (3) there is a positive and significant relationship between these variations and student learning outcomes. motivation to join PKBM for Farilla Ilmi Package B Students, Padang City. It is suggested to: (1) Educators or tutors to be able to add a variety of learning media to package B, (2) PKBM administrators pay more attention and provide suggestions for developing variations of learning media in PKBM, and (3) Future researchers to be able to identify other characteristics or variables that related to learning motivation.
Keywords: Learning Media, Learning Motivation, PKBM
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE APPLICATION OF THE PROBLEM METHOD BASED LEARNING WITH PARTICIPANT LEARNING OUTCOMES COMPUTER COURSE AT SMART COLLEGE PADANG
Authors: Putri Kendita , Irmawita Irmawita 
Published: January 2024

This research was motivated by the low learning outcomes of computer course participants at LKP Smart College Padang. This is thought to be due to the poor application of problem based learning methods so that the learning outcomes of course participants are low. The research objectives are: 1) To find out the description of the application of the Problem Based Learning method to the learning outcomes of computer course participants at LKP Smart College Padang, 2) To find out the description of the learning outcomes of computer course participants at LKPSmart College Padang, 3) To find out the relationship between the application of the Problem Based Learning method to learning outcomes of computer course participants at LKP Smart College Padang.This type of research is correlational, with a quantitative approach. The population in this study was 30 people and a sample of 21 people whose sample was determined using the Simple Random Sampling method. Then a questionnaire is used to collect data. As well as data analysis techniques using percentage and rank order formulas. The results of the research show that: 1) The description of the application of the Problem Based Learning method among computer course participants at Smart College Padang is categorized as low; 2) A description of the learning outcomes of computer course participants at LKP Smart College Padang is categorized as low. 3) A description of the significant relationship between the application of the problem based learning method and the learning outcomes of computer course participants at LKP Smart College Padang.The research suggestions are: 1) It is hoped that instructors can innovate regarding learning methods so that they can become good and appropriate learning methods for course participants to learn. 2) It is hoped that course participants will be able to learn and adapt learning methods so that they can maximize learning outcomes. 3) It is hoped that future researchers will innovate and research new variables to add variables and complete them.Keywords: Problem Based Learning, Learning Outcomes.
The Relationship Between Parents' Emotional Support and Students' Learning Independence at TPA/TPQ Mushalla Nurul Haq Padang City
Authors: Olivera Febi , Dasa Putri Lili 
Published: January 2024

This research was motivated by the low learning independence of students at TPA/TPQ Mushalla Nurul HAQ Padang City. This is thought to be due to parents' emotional support. This research aims to (1) describe parents' emotional support (2) describe students' learning independence and (3) see the relationship between parents' emotional support and learning independence at TPA/TPQ Mushalla Nurul HAQ Padang City. This type of research is a quantitative correlation type. The research population was students at TPA/TPQ Mushalla Nurul HAQ Padang City from classes I, II, III and IV totaling 50 people and 70% were sampled, namely 35 people using the Stratified Random Sampling Technique. The data collection technique uses a questionnaire. The data analysis technique uses the Product Moment Percentage formula. The research results show that (1) parents' emotional support is relatively low (2) students' learning independence at TPA/TPQ Mushalla Nurul HAQ Padang City is still low (3) there is a significant relationship between parents' emotional support and students' learning independence at TPA /TPQ Mushalla Nurul HAQ Padang City. It is recommended that (1) parents should increase their emotional support to optimize students' learning (2) that educators should be able to provide motivation and also be creative in using learning media so that they can create enthusiasm for learning which makes students have learning independence (3) it is hoped that Other researchers should choose other variables related to learning independence. Keywords: Parental Emotional Support, Learning Independence
Relationship of Parents' Educational Capability, Availability of Learning Materials, Availability of A Learning Environment, With Homeschooling Learning Success
Authors: Isnawati Riza , Purwito Lasi , Ishaq M. 
Published: January 2024

The research provides in-depth insights into the factors influencing the success of the learning process in the context of homeschooling in Denpasar. Here are some key points that can be drawn from the findings of this research:Parental Educational Capability:Parental educational capability has a positive and significant impact on the success of homeschooling.Factors such as a lack of commitment, time, technological proficiency, motivation, and responsiveness to the child's learning problems can affect parental educational capability. The availability of learning materials has a positive effect on the success of homeschooling. Aspects such as the suitability of materials to the child's interests and talents, material flexibility, ease of provision by parents, the child's interest in the material, learning facilities from various sources, and community support affect the availability of learning materials. The availability of a conducive learning environment also contributes positively to the success of the homeschooling process. Aspects such as positive family interactions, trust in the child's interests and talents, good relationships with the child's learning environment (tutors, homeschooling institutions, tutors, and community friends), and socializing with various communities support the creation of a good learning environment. Success The success of homeschooling is influenced by learning objectives, curriculum and teaching strategies, the teaching and learning process, and learning achievements that include the ability to have a diploma, portfolio, certificates from tutoring, and behavioral changes. Recommendations: Parents of homeschooling children are advised to pay more attention to fundamental aspects before deciding on homeschooling. If facing difficulties, it is recommended to seek assistance from learning communities or apply for scholarships from social foundations to ensure the successful implementation of homeschooling for the child.This research can serve as a foundation for parents, educators, and relevant stakeholders to enhance the quality of homeschooling in Denpasar by considering the identified factors.Keywords: Educational ability, availability of materials, environment, success in learning at homeschooling
MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN MENGENAL HURUF HIJAIYYAH MELALUI MEDIA POP UP BERBENTUK BUKU PADA ANAK USIA 5-6 TAHUN DI PAUD BINA ANAK SHOLIH KECAMATAN PONTIANAK SELATAN KOTA PONTIANAK TAHUN AJARAN 2018/2019
Authors: Wati Harini 
Published: January 2024

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi rendahnya kemampuan mengenal huruf hijaiyah pada anak usia 5-6 tahun di PAUD Bina Anak Sholih Pontianak. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan jenis penelitian PTK (Penelitian Tindakan Kelas). Subjek dari penelitian ini adalah anak kelas B PAUD Bina Anak Sholih yang berjumlah 25 anak. Tehnik yang digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data adalah observasi langsung, wawancara dan pengukuran. Alat pengumpulan data berupa lembaran observasi, pedoman wawancara dan tes lisan. Sedangkan tehnik analisi data yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa penggunaan media pop up berbentuk buku dapat meningkatkan kemampuan mengenal huruf hijaiyyah anak usia 5-6 tahun kelas B di PAUD Bina Anak Sholih dari segi proses maupun hasil. Secara khusus penelitian menyimpulkan (1) kemampuan mengenal huruf hijaiyyah anak sebelum menggunakan media pop up berbentuk buku anak yang mencapai KKM hanya 6 anak dengan persentase 28% dan nilai rata-rata 54,4%. (2) Sesudah menggunakan media pop up berbentuk buku pada siklus I siswa yang mencapai KKM meningkat menjadi 15 anak dengan persentase 60% dengan nilai rata-rata 66,8%. Begitu juga dengan siklus II yang mencapai KKM meningkat lagi menjadi 24 anak dengan persentase 96%. Adapun persentase peningkatan anak yang mencapai KKM dari pratindakan 28% dan siklus I 60% selisih peningkatan 32%, sedangkan dari siklus I 60% ke siklus II dengan persentase 96% selisih peningkatan 36%.
HUBUNGAN ASUPAN ENERGI DAN PENGETAHUAN GIZI DENGAN KEJADIAN KURANG ENERGI KRONIS (KEK) PADA IBU HAMIL
Authors: Mahendika Devin , Yuliani Meda , Minarti Minarti , Supriatin Supriatin , Ivantarina Dintya 
Published: January 2024

Kurang Energi Kronis (KEK) adalah keadaan dimana seseorang menderita kekurangan asupan makanan yang berlangsung lama atau menahun yang ditandai dengan ukuran LILA 23,5 cm. KEK pada ibu hamil dapat disebabkan karena asupan energi dan pengetahuan gizi ibu hamil Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis hubungan asupan energi dan pengetahuan gizi dengan kejadian KEK pada ibu hamil di Puskesmas Andalas. Jenis penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain cross sectional. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah ibu hamil yang datang berkunjung ke Puskesmas Andalas. Penelitian dilakukan tanggal 03- 15 Maret 2023 dengan jumlah sampel 60 orang dengan menggunakan total sampling ibu hamil trimester I dan II. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner, food recall 24 jam, pengukuran LILA. Analisis data menggunakan menggunakan analisis univariate, bivariate dengan uji chi square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan (p=0,015) antara asupan energi dengan kejadian KEK, terdapat hubungan yang signifikan (P=0,01) antara pengetehuan gizi dengan kejadian KEK. Kesimpulan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara asupan energi dan pengetahuan gizi dengan kejadian KEK pada ibu hamil.
„Skemmtilegasta kennslan er þegar einhver svona ,aksjón' er í gangi“
Authors: Óskarsdóttir Edda 
Published: January 2024

Sköpun er einn af sex grunnþáttum menntunar hér á landi og hefur þeirri hæfni verið ætlað aukið rými í skólastarfi á undanförnum árum. Tilgangur rannsóknarinnar var að öðlast skilning á hvað einkennir skapandi kennslufræði. Leitað var svara við spurningunni um hvað megi læra um skapandi kennslufræði af grunnskólakennaranum Eyrúnu Óskarsdóttur. Eyrún hefur starfað í ólíkum skólum á ýmsum stöðum á landinu, allt frá fámennum sveitaskóla upp í einn af fjölmennustu skólum höfuðborgarsvæðisins. Sérsvið hennar er myndmennt en hana hefur hún sjaldnast kennt eingöngu heldur hefur hún oftast verið í almennri kennslu og þá aðallega á yngsta stigi eða miðstigi grunnskólans. Eyrún er systir mín og ég hef fylgst með henni og dáðst að sköpunarkrafti hennar frá því að ég man eftir mér.
Við rannsóknina var beitt frásagnarrýni og gögnin samanstanda af viðtölum og samskiptum okkar, dagbókum Eyrúnar og rituðum frásögnum hennar úr starfi. Niðurstöður leiða í ljós að það sem einkennir kennslufræði Eyrúnar er áhersla á gleði og sköpun sem ferli frekar en sem lokaafurð. Hún leitast við að vera skapandi og nýta fjölbreyttar aðferðir í kennslu til að gera námið áhugaverðara og ánægjulegra fyrir nemendur. Eyrún nýtir þemanám, samþættingu og tengingu við umhverfið eða reynsluheim nemenda til að efla virka þátttöku þeirra í námi.
Head posture — an historical review of the literature
Authors: Cannon Jean 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Posture of the head and associated position of the cervical spine possibly influences facial morphology in the growing child.
Cephalometric radiographs must be taken with the patient in a relaxed unstrained position which is reproduceable for serial studies. This article discusses accurate methods of posturing the patient for cephalometric radiographs. Included are some of the existing analyses used to assess head and neck posture.
Matching of lateral cephalograms by means of similarity coefficients
Authors: Seliga Michelle E. , Freer Terence J. , Basford Kay E. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This was a pilot study to establish the possible applications of taxonomic methods (taxonomy = study of the general principles of classification) to the identification of individuals. Similarity coefficients were calculated from data obtained from standardised orthodontic cephalograms and were used to identify individuals by a process of matching.
There were two test groups and the individuals in the two groups were radiographed on two separate occasions. The first group consisted of young adults who were radiographed twice with approximately six weeks between radiographs. The second group consisted of orthodontic patients who were radiographed prior to and after the completion of orthodontic treatment. The aims were to test the effects of method error, measurement error and growth and treatment changes on the matching potential of similarity coefficients.
The method was found to correctly identify or match all individuals in the first group of young adults, using cephalograms exposed approximately six weeks apart. The differences between the measurements obtained from those cephalograms represented method error and measurement error.
In the second group, where the differences between radiographs further included changes due to growth and treatment, the rate of successful matching was not as high. Despite some limitations the method may be of use in two areas — screening and identification of individuals for forensic purposes and secondly for screening orthodontic cephalograms in diagnosis and treatment planning.
The similarity coefficient chosen was squared Euclidean distance, with variables standardised to zero mean and unit variance to overcome the dimensionality problem caused by different units of measurement.
The uprighting of tilted molar teeth and the intrusion of over-erupted posterior teeth
Authors: Jacobs Stanley G. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The uprighting of tipped molars and the intrusion of over-erupted individual teeth by the orthodontist prior to bridge construction can be of considerable assistance to the dental practitioner. Often uprighting and intrusion are necessary in the same mouth and these two movements are discussed and illustrated by some case histories. The uprighting mechanism is identical to that of some other authors and the fixed intrusion appliance is an adaptation of the uprighting mechanism. However the removable intrusion appliance is a fresh approach to the problem of over-erupted teeth.
A model of the anisotropic distribution of microvascular volume in the periodontal ligament of the mouse mandibular molar
Authors: Sims Milton R. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Histological sections of periodontal ligament from the mesial root of ten randomly selected mouse mandibular molars were digitised for luminal vascular volume. Total vascularity differed markedly between mice. Statistical analysis, using a logistic model, revealed significant quadrant and depth effects at the 1 percent level with regional vascular volumes varying from 3 to 35 percent. Maximum vascular volume occurred in the lingual quadrants and minimum volume characterised the buccal quadrants. Depth effects were maximal at the apical limit and minimal in the mid root regions, whereas the cervical ligament had a vascular volume midway between the other two regions. The overall average for the vascular volume was 10.9 per cent. This ligament model demonstrates marked volumetric gradients in distribution of the microvascular bed.
Fluorine depth profiles in human enamel after different acid etching times
Authors: Sampson W.J. , Wookey C. W. , Rouse J. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This study was designed to monitor fluorine concentration changes in the surface layer of enamel subjected to acid etching for orthodontic direct bonding. Prior to etching, the area described by the reference pins was partitioned into quadrants and initial fluorine concentration profiles in the surface 4 μm were recorded using a non-destructive nuclear resonance technique. Measurements of enamel surface location were made, relative to the reference pins, prior to etching and after 15,30, 60 and 120 seconds exposure to Superbond gel etchant. Each quadrant was then re-profiled for fluorine concentration. The measuring technique, therefore, provided information regarding etching depth (surface loss) and fluorine change in each of the quadrants.
Although considerable variations in surface fluorine profiles were noted between teeth and within the same tooth, depletion of fluorine commenced with as little as 15 seconds of etching and plateaued off at between 0.1% to 0.2% after 120 seconds. Loss of enamel during the etching procedures also varied between teeth and between test quadrants but indicated minimal difference for 15, 30 or 60 seconds of etch (ranging from an average of 1.1 μm to an average of 7.4μm). After 120 seconds of etching, enamel loss was significantly greater (averaging as much as 16.5 μm in one tooth).
Etching times beyond 60 seconds eliminated the protective surface fluorine and risked significant loss of the enamel surface, indicating a 30-second to 60-second etch to be a good compromise for most clinical bonding situations.
A BASIC digitising program
Authors: Mamutil John 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
A program written in the BASIC computer language is presented. It represents an inexpensive way to enter the field of digitising information into a computer for analysis. Clinicians with a rudimentary knowledge of BASIC will be able to customise the program for their own uses. For example, not only can it be modified to one’s personal cephalometric analysis, but it also allows the clinician to digitise photocopies of the occlusal surfaces of study models for arch length analyses. It is applicable to most two dimensional images one wishes to analyse.
A Novel Method of Sterilizing Orthodontic Instruments
Authors: Miller Jo-Ann , Harrower Keith M. , Costello Maurice J. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
A range of orthodontic instruments was artificially inoculated with a mixed culture of representatives of the oral microflora and a marker bacterium and subjected to dry heat sterilization using a glass bead sterilizer. The shortest time which would guarantee total sterilization of the functional parts of the instruments was thirty seconds.
Does Sendivogius’ Alchemy Cancel the Celebration of the 250th Anniversary of the Discovery of Oxygen?
Authors: Gavazov Blagovest K. , Gavazov Kiril B. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Most chemistry textbooks claim that oxygen was discovered almost simultaneously by Carl Scheele and Joseph Priestley about 250 years ago. Priestley obtained oxygen by heating mercuric oxide (1774), and Scheele -by heating NaNO3, as well as by dissolving pyrolusite in sulfuric acid (1772). The name “oxygen” was given a few years later (1779) by Antoine Lavoisier. This great scientist, often accused of taking advantage of the discoveries of others, conducted experiments related to the decomposition of water vapour over heated iron, as well as the synthesis of water from hydrogen and oxygen. His work was of great importance because it revealed the elemental nature of oxygen and its role in the processes of combustion and respiration. The present article draws attention to the prehistory of the “oxygen theory”. It emphasises the natural philosophy of a forgotten alchemist, healer, and diplomat - Michael Sendivogius (1566-1636) - who popularised his belief that the substance (“Water of life that does not wet the hands”) obtained by heating the “Central Salt” (nitre, KNO3) is part of the air. It is the “secret food of life” used invisibly by every living thing.