bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Configuration and timing of the postglacial marine incursion along the eastern Ungava Peninsula (Nunavik, Canada): implications for deglaciation models
Authors: Lefebvre‐Fortier Claudie , Roy Martin , Dubé‐Loubert Hugo , Brouard Etienne , Schaefer Joerg M. 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTThe final deglaciation stages of the Laurentide Ice Sheet in northern Quebec–Labrador were marked by the incursion of the d'Iberville Sea into the coastal areas of Ungava Bay. Remote and field mapping of raised marine strandlines along the Ungava Peninsula east coast show that the maximum marine limit decreases from south (165 m) to north (100 m), reflecting differential uplift linked to an ice mass remnant located to the southwest of the bay. Reconstruction of the uppermost marine limit in two east–west transects extending into the Peninsula interior reveals distinct sea‐level stands with limited extents towards the west, indicating that the early stages of the marine incursion occurred in contact with the ice margin. The reconstruction also identifies the maximum eastward extent of ice‐dammed lakes that occupied the Arnaud River and Aux‐Feuilles River valleys. 10Be surface exposure dating of marine strandlines yielded consistent 10Be ages that indicate a rapid deglaciation of Ungava Bay between 8900 ± 200 a (north) and 7900 ± 200 a (south). These results provide constraints on the position of the Labrador Sector eastern and western ice margins during the late deglaciation, in addition to the timing of ice and meltwater discharges from the Ungava Bay region.
Do Maternal Heart Diseases Affect Fetal Cardiac Functions?
Authors: Okutucu Gulcan , Oluklu Deniz , Gulen Yildiz Esra , Bastemur Ayse Gulcin , Tanacan Atakan , Kara Ozgur , Şahin Dilek 
Published: January 2024

ObjectivesTo investigate whether fetal cardiac function is affected by underlying heart disease in pregnant women.MethodsA total of 100 pregnant women who were ≥34 gestational weeks were included in the study, 40 in the maternal heart disease (MHD) group diagnosed with heart disease and 60 in the control group. All cardiac diseases in pregnant women were diagnosed preconceptionally and categorized according to the New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification system. Fetal cardiac functions of study groups were evaluated by M‐mode, color tissue Doppler imaging (c‐TDI), and pulsed wave Doppler.ResultsTricuspid annular plane systolic excursion and myocardial performance index (MPI) values were significantly higher and isovolumetric relaxation time was prolonged in the MHD group. The MPI value was found higher in MHD group with NYHA Class II compared to those with NYHA Class I. No significant change in any of the fetal tricuspid annular peak velocity values measured by c‐TDI in the MHD group. There were no differences in fetal cardiac functions and perinatal outcomes between pregnant women with acquired and congenital heart diseases. Patients in NYHA Class II had lower birth weight, 1st and 5th minute APGAR scores, and higher neonatal intensive care unit admission rates.ConclusionsUnderlying heart diseases in pregnant women can cause alterations in the systolic and diastolic function of the fetal heart. High fetal MPI values detected in cardiac patients may indicate that cardiac pathologies during pregnancy affect fetal cardiac globular myocardial function. Cardiac pathologies that progress with restricted physical activity may cause changes in fetal cardiac function and may be associated with adverse perinatal outcomes.
Electrochemical impedance study of corrosion of pure Ni, Fe, Cr, and Fe‐5Cr alloy in molten nitrides
Authors: Zhao Guangyao , Han Yu , Yang Lingxu , Wang Ying , Zeng Chaoliu 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMolten nitrates or nitrate–nitrite mixtures have been used as heat transfer fluid as well as thermal energy storage medium in concentrated solar power plants and other industrial applications. However, containment materials in contact with these molten salts are subjected to molten salt corrosion, which has been a concern over the years. In this investigation, the corrosion behavior of pure Ni, Fe, Cr, and Fe‐5Cr alloy (in weight percent) has been examined at 400°C in molten nitrates using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and gravimetric tests. It is shown that Ni, Fe, and Fe‐5Cr exhibit mass gain, with the best corrosion resistance for Ni followed by Fe‐5Cr and Fe, while pure Cr goes through fast dissolution, forming hexavalent chromium product K3Na(CrO4)2. The increase of salt basicity from Solar Salt to Hitec could accelerate the dissolution of Cr. Nevertheless, the formation of an inner Cr‐containing scale could still offer the alloy good protection because the external insoluble Ni or Fe oxides can protect it from dissolution.
Large‐Scale Screening: Phenotypic and Mutational Spectrum in Isolated and Combined Dystonia Genes
Authors: Thomsen Mirja , Marth Katrin , Loens Sebastian , Everding Judith , Junker Johanna , Borngräber Friederike , Ott Fabian , Jesús Silvia , Gelderblom Mathias , Odorfer Thorsten , Kuhlenbäumer Gregor , Kim Han‐Joon , Schaeffer Eva , Becktepe Jos , Kasten Meike , Brüggemann Norbert , Pfister Robert , Kollewe Katja , Krauss Joachim K. , Lohmann Ebba , Hinrichs Frauke , Berg Daniela , Jeon Beomseok , Busch Hauke , Altenmüller Eckart , Mir Pablo , Kamm Christoph , Volkmann Jens , Zittel Simone , Ferbert Andreas , Zeuner Kirsten E. , Rolfs Arndt , Bauer Peter , Kühn Andrea A. , Bäumer Tobias , Klein Christine , Lohmann Katja 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundPathogenic variants in several genes have been linked to genetic forms of isolated or combined dystonia. The phenotypic and genetic spectrum and the frequency of pathogenic variants in these genes have not yet been fully elucidated, neither in patients with dystonia nor with other, sometimes co‐occurring movement disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD).ObjectivesTo screen >2000 patients with dystonia or PD for rare variants in known dystonia‐causing genes.MethodsWe screened 1207 dystonia patients from Germany (DysTract consortium), Spain, and South Korea, and 1036 PD patients from Germany for pathogenic variants using a next‐generation sequencing gene panel. The impact on DNA methylation of KMT2B variants was evaluated by analyzing the gene's characteristic episignature.ResultsWe identified 171 carriers (109 with dystonia [9.0%]; 62 with PD [6.0%]) of 131 rare variants (minor allele frequency <0.005). A total of 52 patients (48 dystonia [4.0%]; four PD [0.4%, all with GCH1 variants]) carried 33 different (likely) pathogenic variants, of which 17 were not previously reported. Pathogenic biallelic variants in PRKRA were not found. Episignature analysis of 48 KMT2B variants revealed that only two of these should be considered (likely) pathogenic.ConclusionThis study confirms pathogenic variants in GCH1, GNAL, KMT2B, SGCE, THAP1, and TOR1A as relevant causes in dystonia and expands the mutational spectrum. Of note, likely pathogenic variants only in GCH1 were also found among PD patients. For DYT‐KMT2B, the recently described episignature served as a reliable readout to determine the functional effect of newly identified variants. © 2024 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
A finely segmented semi‐monolithic detector tailored for high‐resolution PET
Authors: Kuhl Yannick , Mueller Florian , Naunheim Stephan , Bovelett Matthias , Lambertus Janko , Schug David , Weissler Bjoern , Gegenmantel Eike , Gebhardt Pierre , Schulz Volkmar 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundPreclinical research and organ‐dedicated applications use and require high (spatial‐)resolution positron emission tomography (PET) detectors to visualize small structures (early) and understand biological processes at a finer level of detail. Researchers seeking to improve detector and image spatial resolution have explored various detector designs. Current commercial high‐resolution systems often employ finely pixelated or monolithic scintillators, each with its limitations.PurposeWe present a semi‐monolithic detector, tailored for high‐resolution PET applications with a spatial resolution in the range of 1 mm or better, merging concepts of monolithic and pixelated crystals. The detector features LYSO slabs measuring (24 × 10 × 1) mm3, coupled to a 12 × 12 readout channel photosensor with 4 mm pitch. The slabs are grouped in two arrays of 44 slabs each to achieve a higher optical photon density despite the fine segmentation.MethodsWe employ a fan beam collimator for fast calibration to train machine‐learning‐based positioning models for all three dimensions, including slab identification and depth‐of‐interaction (DOI), utilizing gradient tree boosting (GTB). The data for all dimensions was acquired in less than 2 h. Energy calculation was based on a position‐dependent energy calibration. Using an analytical timing calibration, time skews were corrected for coincidence timing resolution (CTR) estimation.ResultsLeveraging machine‐learning‐based calibration in all three dimensions, we achieved high detector spatial resolution: down to 1.18 mm full width at half maximum (FWHM) detector spatial resolution and 0.75 mm mean absolute error (MAE) in the planar‐monolithic direction, and 2.14 mm FWHM and 1.03 mm MAE for DOI at an energy window of (435–585) keV. Correct slab interaction identification in planar‐segmented direction exceeded 80%, alongside an energy resolution of 12.7% and a CTR of 450 ps FWHM.ConclusionsThe introduced finely segmented, high‐resolution slab detector demonstrates appealing performance characteristics suitable for high‐resolution PET applications. The current benchtop‐based detector calibration routine allows these detectors to be used in PET systems.
Streamlined pin‐ridge‐filter design for single‐energy proton FLASH planning
Authors: Ma Chaoqiong , Zhou Jun , Chang Chih‐Wei , Wang Yinan , Patel Pretesh R. , Yu David S. , Tian Sibo , Yang Xiaofeng 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundFLASH radiotherapy (FLASH‐RT) with ultra‐high dose rate has yielded promising results in reducing normal tissue toxicity while maintaining tumor control. Planning with single‐energy proton beams modulated by ridge filters (RFs) has been demonstrated feasible for FLASH‐RT.PurposeThis study explored the feasibility of a streamlined pin‐shaped RF (pin‐RF) design, characterized by coarse resolution and sparsely distributed ridge pins, for single‐energy proton FLASH planning.MethodsAn inverse planning framework integrated within a treatment planning system was established to design streamlined pin RFs for single‐energy FLASH planning. The framework involves generating a multi‐energy proton beam plan using intensity‐modulated proton therapy (IMPT) planning based on downstream energy modulation strategy (IMPT‐DS), followed by a nested pencil‐beam‐direction‐based (PBD‐based) spot reduction process to iteratively reduce the total number of PBDs and energy layers along each PBD for the IMPT‐DS plan. The IMPT‐DS plan is then translated into the pin‐RFs and the single‐energy beam configurations for IMPT planning with pin‐RFs (IMPT‐RF). This framework was validated on three lung cases, quantifying the FLASH dose of the IMPT‐RF plan using the FLASH effectiveness model. The FLASH dose was then compared to the reference dose of a conventional IMPT plan to measure the clinical benefit of the FLASH planning technique.ResultsThe IMPT‐RF plans closely matched the corresponding IMPT‐DS plans in high dose conformity (conformity index of <1.2), with minimal changes in V7Gy and V7.4 Gy for the lung (<3%) and small increases in maximum doses (Dmax) for other normal structures (<3.4 Gy). Comparing the FLASH doses to the doses of corresponding IMPT‐RF plans, drastic reductions of up to nearly 33% were observed in Dmax for the normal structures situated in the high‐to‐moderate‐dose regions, while negligible changes were found in Dmax for normal structures in low‐dose regions. Positive clinical benefits were seen in comparing the FLASH doses to the reference doses, with notable reductions of 21.4%–33.0% in Dmax for healthy tissues in the high‐dose regions. However, in the moderate‐to‐low‐dose regions, only marginal positive or even negative clinical benefit for normal tissues were observed, such as increased lung V7Gy and V7.4 Gy (up to 17.6%).ConclusionsA streamlined pin‐RF design was developed and its effectiveness for single‐energy proton FLASH planning was validated, revealing positive clinical benefits for the normal tissues in the high dose regions. The coarsened design of the pin‐RF demonstrates potential advantages, including cost efficiency and ease of adjustability, making it a promising option for efficient production.
Harmonisation of assessments of attention, social, emotional, and behaviour problems using the Child Behavior Checklist and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire
Authors: Baumann Nicole , Anderson Peter J. , Johnson Samantha , Marlow Neil , Wolke Dieter , Jaekel Julia 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectivesRetrospective harmonisation of data obtained through different instruments creates measurement error, even if the underlying concepts are assumed the same. We tested a novel method for item‐level data harmonisation of two widely used instruments that measure emotional and behavioural problems: the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ).MethodsItem content of the CBCL and SDQ was mapped onto four dimensions: emotional problems, peer relationship problems, hyperactivity/inattention and conduct problems. A diverse test sample was drawn from four prospective longitudinal birth cohort studies in Australia and Europe who used one or both instruments. The pooled sample included 5188 data points assessing children and adolescents aged 6–13 years (N = 257–704 participants per cohort). Measurement invariance was assessed using latent variable multi‐group confirmatory factor analysis.ResultsFifteen items from the CBCL and SDQ were mapped onto four dimensions allowing for measurement invariance testing as part of a stepwise process. Partial strict invariance between CBCL and SDQ assessments was established for all four dimensions.ConclusionsThe harmonised dimensions of emotional, peer relationship, hyperactivity/inattention and conduct problems are invariant across the CBCL and SDQ suggesting that these dimensions can be reliably compared with limited measurement error.
Followership in British Christian churches: A comparative study
Authors: Zigan Krystin , Héliot YingFei G. , Grys Alan Le 
Published: January 2024

AbstractEmerging research on followership has overwhelmingly been focused on for‐profit organizations. This research investigates four British congregations from different Christian denominations to explore how differing contexts shape the understanding of followership in nonprofit organizations. Using implicit followership theory, we analyze the value sets deriving from theological‐ideological, institutional, and local contexts and explore informants' perceptions of ideal followership attributes. By conducting 26 semi‐structured interviews with three different types of actors, we found that church members found themselves in a dialectic relationship between institutional norms and local settings, which shape the way followership is perceived. In terms of follower attributes, we identified faith‐related and ethical as well as relational attributes to be prevalent. With this research, we advance current understandings of how effective leader‐follower relationships in nonprofit organizations can be formed highlighting the importance of differing contexts for perceiving the role of followers.
Morphological adaptation of expanded vermiculite in polylactic acid and polypropylene matrices for superior thermoplastic composites
Authors: Ariturk Gizem , Bilge Kaan , Seven Senem Avaz , Menceloglu Yusuf Ziya 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe morphological transformation of expanded vermiculite (VC) during injection molding with brittle PLA and ductile PP polymers along with its positive and negative contribution to mechanical response is investigated. Polymer/VC mixtures with 30 wt. % VC are prepared by thermokinetic high shear mixing at 4000 rpm without any ex‐situ exfoliation agents or compatibilizers. Obtained composite mixtures are then injection molded onto three‐point bending and tensile test specimens. Performed mechanical tests suggested a significant increase in tensile (110%) and flexural modulus (112%) of PP30VC samples. Presented fractographic and morphological investigations suggested that the root cause of measured improved tensile (36%) and bending strength (26%) of PP is the fibrillation of VC associated with PP/VC interactions under high shear. A similarly increasing trend for tensile (147%) and bending modulus (137%) was observed for PLA30VC samples. Contrary to PP30VC, a decreasing pattern was present in the case of tensile (−40%) and bending strength (−13%) of PLA30VC. The root cause for such reduction is determined to be (i) in situ exfoliation of VC inside PLA matrix and transformation of VC into micrometer‐sized platelets; (ii) evaporation of trapped water/crystalline water in the interlayer region of VC which caused in situ degradation of PLA during manufacturing.Highlights
Vermiculite‐loaded PP and PLA composites are produced at high shear.
Composites have superior modulus compared to neat polymers.
Fibrillation of platelet vermiculite is observed in only the PP matrix.
The improved thermal conductivity and heat dissipation capacity of elastomer‐based thermal interface materials through promoting the surface interactions and complete networks
Authors: Chen Jiaqi , He Rizheng , Chen Hongfeng , Sun Zhijian , Zhang Zhiyi , Liu Yaqing , An Dong , Wong Chingping 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPolymer‐based thermal interface materials (TIMs) with excellent thermal conductivity and heat dissipation capabilities play a crucial role in addressing the issue of heat accumulation in advanced integrated electronics. However, establishing improved surface interactions and complete networks to enhance efficient phonon transfer remains a significant challenge. To tackle this problem, surface modification and ice‐templating techniques are commonly employed to create the robust interface crosslinks and continuously thermal conductive pathways. Herein, 2‐mercaptobenzimidazole (MB) was used as a reducing and modifying agent to functionalize graphene oxide (rGO‐MB) within the three‐dimensional networks, which was prepared using a combination of hydrothermal and ice‐templating methods. As a result, the reduced graphene oxide/natural rubber (rGO‐MB/NR) TIMs exhibited a remarkable through‐plane thermal conductivity of 0.93 W m−1 K−1 with a filler loading of 3 wt%. The enhanced interface interactions between rGO‐MB and NR, combined with the establishment of a three‐dimensional network, significantly contributed to the improved thermal conductivity and heat dissipation capabilities. Moreover, the obtained TIMs demonstrated favorable mechanical properties (5.06 MPa, 502%) and excellent insulation performance (3 × 1013 Ω cm). These findings provide the valuable insights into potential solutions for mitigating heat accumulation issues in next‐generation electronics.Highlights
rGO‐MB with thiol groups was obtained by the hydrothermal method.
Interactions between rGO‐MB and NR mainly depended on the chemical bonds.
rGO‐MB/NR TIMs owned the improved thermal management performance.
Preparation and characterization of ethylene‐propylene‐diene monomer rubber/metal hydroxide composites by electron beam irradiation
Authors: Kim Jeong‐In , Lee Byoung‐Min , Kim Hyun‐Rae , Park Jong‐Seok , Jung Seung‐Tae , Nho Young‐Chang , Kim Jaewoo , Choi Jae‐Hak 
Published: January 2024

AbstractEthylene‐propylene‐diene monomer (EPDM) rubber has widespread uses in various applications due to its ozone and oxidation stability, weatherability, electrical insulation, and elasticity. However, its further use is limited by low flame retardancy and low thermal stability. This study incorporated metal hydroxide flame retardant to enhance flame retardancy and electron beam cross‐linking to simultaneously enhance mechanical properties, thermal stability, and flame retardancy. The utilization of electron beam irradiation resulted in an increase in gel content and a decrease in swelling ratio with increasing absorbed doses, indicating the successful formation of cross‐linked network structures. The hot‐set elongation was significantly reduced to 0.6%–0.8%, while the decomposition temperature increased with increasing absorbed doses, indicating improved thermal stability. The results from limiting oxygen index measurements and burning tests demonstrate that the flame retardancy of EPDM was improved by the combined effect of metal hydroxide flame retardant and electron beam cross‐linking.Highlights
EPDM/metal hydroxide composites were prepared via electron beam irradiation.
Metal hydroxide flame retardants were incorporated to enhance flame retardancy.
EBI simultaneously enhanced mechanical property and thermal stability.
Characteristics of turion development in two aquatic carnivorous plants: Hormonal profiles, gas exchange and mineral nutrient content
Authors: Adamec Lubomír , Plačková Lenka , Doležal Karel 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTurions are vegetative, dormant, and storage overwintering organs formed in perennial aquatic plants in response to unfavorable ecological conditions and originate by extreme condensation of apical shoot segments. The contents of cytokinins, auxins, and abscisic acid were estimated in shoot apices of summer growing, rootless aquatic carnivorous plants, Aldrovanda vesiculosa and Utricularia australis, and in developing turions at three stages and full maturity to reveal hormonal patterns responsible for turion development. The hormones were analyzed in miniature turion samples using ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Photosynthetic measurements in young leaves also confirmed relatively high photosynthetic rates at later turion stages. The content of active cytokinin forms was almost stable in A. vesiculosa during turion development but markedly decreased in U. australis. In both species, auxin content culminated in the middle of turion development and then decreased again. The content of abscisic acid as the main inhibitory hormone was very low in growing plants in both species but rose greatly at first developmental stages and stayed very high in mature turions. The hormonal data indicate a great strength of developing turions within sink–source relationships and confirm the central role of abscisic acid in regulating the turion development.