bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Domination and Freedom: Quality, not Quantity
Authors: Boccacci Matteo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDoes domination make us unfree? Republicans argue that it does. Thus, they contend that the liberal conception of freedom is inadequate as it is not (wholly) able to account for domination. I provide a new approach to this controversy. The liberal conception of freedom has the potential to account for domination, but we must adjust the scope of our analysis: claims about domination are best understood not as claims about quantities of liberal freedom, but as claims about the value of liberal freedom. Even if the master is benevolent and indeed does not interfere much with the slave’s choices and actions, the relation of domination affects the quality of the slave’s liberal freedom. To argue for this point, I provide a taxonomy of the value of freedom and then, on this basis, point to several ways in which freedom under domination lacks value.
Transformation of School Science Practices to Promote Functional Scientific Literacy
Authors: Bossér Ulrika 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe incorporation of socioscientific issues into science teaching to promote students’ scientific literacy may require that science teachers reconsider and transform their teaching practices. This study examines the knowledge and considerations involved when two teachers incorporated socioscientific issues into their teaching, with the aim of understanding conditions for developing teaching to promote functional scientific literacy. Data consisted of written records of teaching, field notes of classroom observations and transcripts of meetings between the teachers and a researcher, generated during a year-long professional development project. Data were analysed through the framework of didactics that understands teaching as framed by societal conditions, curricula, teaching traditions and teacher and student knowledge and intentions. The results show that the incorporation of socioscientific issues enabled student engagement with scientific content, the practice of evidence-based reasoning and the consideration of values and norms. The teachers strove to seize upon student questions in teaching, and the results show that this may require strategies to raise questions among students, as well as profound science content knowledge on the part of teachers. Moreover, the results indicate that tensions arose between students’ instrumental views of teaching and learning and the teachers’ promotion of an exploratory classroom culture. The teachers had to support student adaption to the new requirements, and in this process, mutual trust and clear expectations were considered important. Implications for teachers’ professional development in relation to the incorporation of socioscientific issues in science education are discussed.
Synthesising boredom: a predictive processing approach
Authors: Darling Tom 
Published: November 2023

AbstractI identify and then aim to resolve a tension between the psychological and existential conceptions of boredom. The dominant view in psychology is that boredom is an emotional state that is adaptive and self-regulatory. In contrast, in the philosophical phenomenological tradition, boredom is often considered as an existentially important mood. I leverage the predictive processing framework to offer an integrative account of boredom that allows us to resolve these tensions. This account explains the functional aspects of boredom-as-emotion in the psychological literature, offering a principled way of defining boredom’s function in terms of prediction-error-minimisation. However, mediated through predictive processing, we can also integrate the phenomenological view of boredom as a mood; in this light, boredom tracks our grip on the world – revealing a potentially fundamental (mis)attunement.
Multi-scale feature flow alignment fusion with Transformer for the microscopic images segmentation of activated sludge
Authors: Zhao Lijie , Zhang Yingying , Wang Guogang , Huang Mingzhong , Zhang Qichun , Karimi Hamid Reza 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAccurate microscopic images segmentation of activated sludge is essential for monitoring wastewater treatment processes. However, it is a challenging task due to poor contrast, artifacts, morphological similarities, and distribution imbalance. A novel image segmentation model (FafFormer) was developed in the work based on Transformer that incorporated pyramid pooling and flow alignment fusion. Pyramid Pooling Module was used to extract multi-scale features of flocs and filamentous bacteria with different morphology in the encoder. Multi-scale features were fused by flow alignment fusion module in the decoder. The module used generated semantic flow as auxiliary information to restore boundary details and facilitate fine-grained upsampling. The Focal–Lovász Loss was designed to handle class imbalance for filamentous bacteria and flocs. Image-segmentation experiments were conducted on an activated sludge dataset from a municipal wastewater treatment plant. FafFormer showed relative superiority in accuracy and reliability, especially for filamentous bacteria compared to existing models.
Outcomes of emergent cardiac surgery after transcatheter aortic valve implantation
Authors: van Steenbergen Gijs J. , Olsthoorn Jules R. , Eerdekens Rob , Tan Erwin , Tonino Pim A. L. , Lam Ka Yan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate the reasons for emergent cardiac surgery (ECS) after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) and assess outcomes of these patients.

Methods

All patients undergoing ECS following a complicated TAVI procedure at a high-volume TAVI centre in the Netherlands from 1 January 2008 to 1 April 2022 were included. Baseline and procedural characteristics and outcome data (procedural, 30-day and 1‑year mortality, in-hospital stroke, 30-day pacemaker implantation, 30-day vascular complications, 30-day deep sternal wound infections and 30-day re-exploration) were collected from patient files and analysed using descriptive statistics.

Results
During the study period, 16 of 1594 patients (1.0%) undergoing TAVI required ECS. The main reason for ECS was valve embolisation (n = 9; 56.3%), followed by perforation of the left/right ventricle with guide wire/pacemaker lead (n = 3; 18.8%) and annular rupture (n = 3; 18.8%). Procedural, 30-day and 1‑year mortality was 0%, 18.8% (n = 3) and 31.3% (n = 5), respectively. In-hospital stroke occurred in 1 patient (6.3%), a pacemaker was implanted at 30 days in 2 patients (12.5%), and major vascular complications did not occur.

Conclusion

ECS following complicated TAVI was performed in only a small number of cases. It had a high but acceptable perioperative and 30-day mortality, taking into account the otherwise lethal consequences. In case of valve embolisation, no periprocedural or 30-day mortality was observed for surgical aortic valve replacement (even in a redo setting), which supported the necessity to perform TAVI in centres with cardiac surgical backup on site.
Structure role of cesium bromide in calcium silicate glasses and glass ceramics
Authors: El Damrawi G. , Gharghar F. , Atef R. , Behairy A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTo make the interpretation of the complex xCsBr.(100 − x)(CaO:SiO2) glasses easier to study, the structure of glasses in a binary composition CaO–SiO2 is being initially investigated. The changes in the crystallization behavior of glasses and the local environment surrounding silicon atoms could be easily followed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The XRD pattern of the binary 50CaO–50SiO2 glass showed that its structure was amorphous. But when (CaO:SiO2) is replaced with CsBr, some sharp diffraction lines appear in system of the ternary xCsBr.(100 − x)(CaO:SiO2) glass composition. A Polycrystalline Cs2Ca(SiO3)2 structure is the primary phase in CsBr rich glasses. The results based on transmission electron microscopy (TEM-EDP) and X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD) are in excellent agreement, indicating that crystalline-clustered species develop in glasses enriched with CsBr. Both the NMR and FTIR spectra are clearly defined, and they contain different features that distinguish between different silicate structural subunits. One and two bridging oxygen atoms (BO) can be found in the main SiO4 structural units. Such units become less shielded due to increasing of nonbridging oxygen atoms (NBO) in the silicate network by increasing CsBr at the expense of both SiO2 and CaO. There is a good correlation between the data obtained from FTIR and NMR spectroscopy. Both techniques could differentiate between BO and NBO involved in the silicate structural units.
Parkin depletion prevents the age-related alterations in the FGF21 system and the decline in white adipose tissue thermogenic function in mice
Authors: Delgado-Anglés Alejandro , Blasco-Roset Albert , Godoy-Nieto Francisco J. , Cairó Montserrat , Villarroya Francesc , Giralt Marta , Villarroya Joan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractParkin is an ubiquitin‐E3 ligase that is involved in cellular mitophagy and was recently shown to contribute to controlling adipose tissue thermogenic plasticity. We found that Parkin expression is induced in brown (BAT) and white (WAT) adipose tissues of aged mice. We determined the potential role of Parkin in the aging-associated decline in the thermogenic capacity of adipose tissues by analyzing subcutaneous WAT, interscapular BAT, and systemic metabolic and physiological parameters in young (5 month-old) and aged (16 month-old) mice with targeted invalidation of the Parkin (Park2) gene, and their wild-type littermates. Our data indicate that suppression of Parkin prevented adipose accretion, increased energy expenditure and improved the systemic metabolic derangements, such as insulin resistance, seen in aged mice. This was associated with maintenance of browning and reduction of the age-associated induction of inflammation in subcutaneous WAT. BAT in aged mice was much less affected by Parkin gene invalidation. Such protection was associated with a dramatic prevention of the age-associated induction of fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF21) levels in aged Parkin-invalidated mice. This was associated with a parallel reduction in FGF21 gene expression in adipose tissues and liver in aged Parkin-invalidated mice. Additionally, Parkin invalidation prevented the protein down-regulation of β-Klotho (a key co-receptor mediating FGF21 responsiveness in tissues) in aged adipose tissues. We conclude that Parkin down-regulation leads to improved systemic metabolism in aged mice, in association with maintenance of adipose tissue browning and FGF21 system functionality.
A Dynamic Game of Strategic Carbon Taxation and Energy Pricing with Green Technology Innovation
Authors: Zhang Xiao-Bing 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis paper uses a dynamic game to investigate the strategic interactions between carbon taxation by a coalition of resource consumers and (wellhead) energy pricing by a producers’ cartel under the possibility of innovation in a cheap carbon-free technology. The timing of innovation is uncertain, but can be affected by the amount spent on R &D. The results show that the expectation of possible innovation decreases both the initial carbon tax and producer price, resulting in higher initial resource extraction and carbon emissions. Though this ’green paradox’ effect triggered by possible innovation also will appear in the cooperative case (without strategic interactions), the presence of strategic interactions between resource producers and consumers can somewhat restrain such an effect. For both the resource consumers and a global planner, the optimal R &D to stimulate innovation is an increasing function of the initial CO2 concentration. However, the resource consumers can over-invest in R &D relative to the investment level that a global planner would choose.
Helicobacter pylori and oral–gut microbiome: clinical implications
Authors: Elghannam Maged T. , Hassanien Moataz H. , Ameen Yosry A. , Turky Emad A. , ELattar Gamal M. , ELRay Ahmed A. , ELTalkawy Mohammed D. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMore than half of the world’s population are colonized with H. pylori; however, the prevalence varies geographically with the highest incidence in Africa. H. pylori is probably a commensal organism that has been associated with the development of gastritis, ulcers, and gastric cancer. H. pylori alone is most probably not enough for the development of gastric carcinoma, but evidence for its association with the disease is high and has, therefore, been classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as a Class 1 carcinogen. Bacteroidetes and Fusobacteria positively coexisted during H. pylori infection along the oral–gut axis. The eradication therapy required to treat H. pylori infection can also have detrimental consequences for the gut microbiota, leading to a decreased alpha diversity. Therefore, therapy regimens integrated with probiotics may abolish the negative effects of antibiotic therapy on the gut microbiota. These eradication therapies combined with probiotics have also higher rates of eradication, when compared to standard treatments, and are associated with reduced side effects, improving the patient’s compliance. The eradication therapy not only affects gut microbiome but also affects the oral microbiome with robust predominance of harmful bacteria. However, there have been reports of a protective role of H. pylori in Barrett’s esophagus, esophageal adenocarcinoma, eosinophilic esophagitis, IBD, asthma, and even multiple sclerosis. Therefore, eradication therapy should be carefully considered, and test to treat policy should be tailored to specific communities especially in highly endemic areas. Supplementation of probiotics, prebiotics, herbals, and microbial metabolites to reduce the negative effects of eradication therapy should be considered. After failure of many eradication attempts, the benefits of H. pylori eradication should be carefully balanced against the risk of adverse effects especially in the elderly, persons with frailty, and intolerance to antibiotics.
Measuring implicit associations between food and body stimuli in anorexia nervosa: a Go/No-Go Association Task
Authors: Lakritz Clara , Iceta Sylvain , Duriez Philibert , Makdassi Maxime , Masetti Vincent , Davidenko Olga , Lafraire Jérémie 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The present study aimed to explore the implicit associations between food and bodily stimuli in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) and control subjects (HC).

Methods
A Go/No-Go Association Task was administrated to 55 participants (28 AN and 27 HC), using food stimuli (low-calorie food vs. high-calorie food) and body stimuli (underweight vs. overweight bodies).

Results
We evidenced an implicit association between food and body stimuli in the AN group, whereas the HC group only showed a tendency. AN and HC groups also exhibited different categorization strategies: the AN group tended to categorize stimuli as low-calorie foods and underweight bodies less than the HC group, and they tended to categorize stimuli as high-calorie foods and overweight bodies more than the HC group.

Conclusion
The present study revealed for the first time specificities of the AN population’s implicit association between food and body stimuli in terms of association strength and categorization strategy. Furthermore, the results suggest that combining implicit methodologies with other methods could contribute to a better characterization of the physiopathology of AN.

Level of evidence
Level I, experimental study.
Diverse Structural Design Strategies of MXene-Based Macrostructure for High-Performance Electromagnetic Interference Shielding
Authors: Liu Yue , Wang Yadi , Wu Na , Han Mingrui , Liu Wei , Liu Jiurong , Zeng Zhihui 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThere is an urgent demand for flexible, lightweight, mechanically robust, excellent electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials. Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides/nitrides (MXenes) have been potential candidates for the construction of excellent EMI shielding materials due to their great electrical electroconductibility, favorable mechanical nature such as flexibility, large aspect ratios, and simple processability in aqueous media. The applicability of MXenes for EMI shielding has been intensively explored; thus, reviewing the relevant research is beneficial for advancing the design of high-performance MXene-based EMI shields. Herein, recent progress in MXene-based macrostructure development is reviewed, including the associated EMI shielding mechanisms. In particular, various structural design strategies for MXene-based EMI shielding materials are highlighted and explored. In the end, the difficulties and views for the future growth of MXene-based EMI shields are proposed. This review aims to drive the growth of high-performance MXene-based EMI shielding macrostructures on basis of rational structural design and the future high-efficiency utilization of MXene.
Green-Solvent Processed Blade-Coating Organic Solar Cells with an Efficiency Approaching 19% Enabled by Alkyl-Tailored Acceptors
Authors: Bai Hairui , Ma Ruijie , Su Wenyan , Peña Top Archie Dela , Li Tengfei , Tang Lingxiao , Yang Jie , Hu Bin , Wang Yilin , Bi Zhaozhao , Su Yueling , Wei Qi , Wu Qiang , Duan Yuwei , Li Yuxiang , Wu Jiaying , Ding Zicheng , Liao Xunfan , Huang Yinjuan , Gao Chao , Lu Guanghao , Li Mingjie , Zhu Weiguo , Li Gang , Fan Qunping , Ma Wei 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPower-conversion-efficiencies (PCEs) of organic solar cells (OSCs) in laboratory, normally processed by spin-coating technology with toxic halogenated solvents, have reached over 19%. However, there is usually a marked PCE drop when the blade-coating and/or green-solvents toward large-scale printing are used instead, which hampers the practical development of OSCs. Here, a new series of N-alkyl-tailored small molecule acceptors named YR-SeNF with a same molecular main backbone are developed by combining selenium-fused central-core and naphthalene-fused end-group. Thanks to the N-alkyl engineering, NIR-absorbing YR-SeNF series show different crystallinity, packing patterns, and miscibility with polymeric donor. The studies exhibit that the molecular packing, crystallinity, and vertical distribution of active layer morphologies are well optimized by introducing newly designed guest acceptor associated with tailored N-alkyl chains, providing the improved charge transfer dynamics and stability for the PM6:L8-BO:YR-SeNF-based OSCs. As a result, a record-high PCE approaching 19% is achieved in the blade-coating OSCs fabricated from a green-solvent o-xylene with high-boiling point. Notably, ternary OSCs offer robust operating stability under maximum-power-point tracking and well-keep > 80% of the initial PCEs for even over 400 h. Our alkyl-tailored guest acceptor strategy provides a unique approach to develop green-solvent and blade-coating processed high-efficiency and operating stable OSCs, which paves a way for industrial development.
Long‐Term Variability in the Arabian Peninsula Droughts Driven by the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation
Authors: Saharwardi Md Saquib , Dasari Hari Prasad , Aggarwal Vaneet , Ashok Karumuri , Hoteit Ibrahim 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDrought is a recurring hydroclimatic extreme over the Arabian Peninsula (AP). So far, no study has examined the changes in drought characteristics in recent decades, not to mention the background mechanisms for such changes. To this end, analyzing the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) mainly from the European Reanalysis (ERA5) data sets, in addition to other observational/reanalysis data sets over the period of 1951–2020, we show that droughts over the AP have increased in frequency and severity over the last two decades. We show that this drought acceleration, which was not observed in the previous 40–50 years, is a combination of decadal variability and long‐term trends. Importantly, we demonstrate that the decadal SPEI variability is due to the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO). The unprecedented multiyear drought over the AP in recent decades is evidently associated with the current positive phase of the AMO. We also show that the recent warming of the AP is a more significant factor in the drought intensification than the concurrent weakening of local precipitation. Furthermore, we developed a machine learning model largely based on the observed AMO–SPEI relationship. This model predicts a reduced drought severity over the AP in the near future.
The Role of Convectively Coupled Equatorial Waves in Sub‐Seasonal Predictions
Authors: Dias Juliana , Gehne Maria , Kiladis George N. , Magnusson Linus 
Published: November 2023

AbstractConvectively coupled equatorial waves (CCEWs) are modes of tropical variability that are often seen as potentially beneficial for sub‐seasonal predictions. Quantifying this potential has been proven difficult in operational forecast systems because tropical variability tends to be poorly represented in such models. The European Center for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) is a potential exception because it has been shown to have much improved representation of the tropics. Here, ECMWF reforecasts are used to investigate the predicted evolution of CCEWs and how they might impact sub‐seasonal predictions. It is shown that the ECMWF system is able to generate variability consistent with various modes of CCEWs, but CCEWs tend to be weaker in amplitude and their propagation characteristics often deviate from observations. This study suggests that model advancements aimed at improving the deterministic representation of CCEWs are still needed in order to better understand and utilize tropical sources of sub‐seasonal predictive skill.
Polar and Equatorial Ionospheric Electrodynamical Coupling Under a Prolonged Northward Bz Interval
Authors: Li Qiaoling , Li Shuhan , Chen Junjie , Liu Jing , Zhang Ruilong , Liu Libo , Kuai Jiawei 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) significantly influences the global ionospheric electrodynamics, but it is still largely unknown the high‐ and low‐latitude ionospheric electrodynamical coupling under long‐duration northward IMF Bz (NBz) and By conditions. During the long‐duration NBz and duskward By conditions (Kp < 2, AE < 100 nT, SYM‐H > −25 nT) on 20 August 2014, six pairs of magnetometer data showed that daytime equatorial electrojet (EEJ) underwent strong decreases (reach up to 90%) at wide longitudes. Thermosphere‐ionosphere‐electrodynamics general circulation model (TIE‐GCM) captured well the decrease and the control simulations revealed that both effects of the NBz and By significantly change the plasma convection, Joule heating, and thermospheric winds at high latitudes; and penetration electric field (PEF) due to the NBz plays an important role in the decrease of the equatorial electric field. This study indicates the significant NBz effects on the equatorial ionospheric electrodynamics even during weak geomagnetic conditions, apart from the widely believed meteorological effects. Further study should be taken to disclose the relative contribution between geomagnetic and meteorological effects on the decrease of the equatorial electric field.