bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations Between Leisure-Time Physical Activity Level and Peripheral Immune Cell Populations in the US General Population, Analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data, 1999–2018
Authors: Lin Dan , Thompson Cheryl L. , Ba Djibril M. , Muscat Joshua E. , Zhou Shouhao , Rogers Connie J. , Sturgeon Kathleen M. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Chronic levels of inflammation are associated with higher risk of many chronic diseases. Physical activity (PA) lowers the risk of cancer, cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes and others. One mechanism for PA-induced protection may be through the immune system. We investigated the association between leisure-time PA and peripheral immune cell populations in a large nationally representative sample of the US general population.

Methods
A total of 17,093 participants [mean (SE) age of 41.6 (0.3) years] of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2018 were included. Self-reported leisure-time PA was converted to metabolic equivalent of task hours per week (MET-hrs/wk). White blood cell (WBC) count, WBC ratios, and platelet count were derived. Multivariable linear regression analyses were used to estimate associations between leisure-time PA level and peripheral immune cell populations. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to estimate associations between leisure-time PA and metrics of WBC count and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) which may predict mortality.

Results
A higher leisure-time PA level was associated with a lower WBC count (> 14.0 vs. < 1.2 MET-hrs/wk adjusted mean (95% confidence interval [CI]): 7.12 (6.86, 7.38) vs. 7.38 (7.12, 7.64) 1000 cells/μL, Ptrend < 0.001) and a lower NLR (> 14.0 vs. < 1.2 MET-hrs/wk adjusted mean (95% CI) 2.04 (1.90, 2.18) vs. 2.13 (1.99, 2.28), Ptrend = 0.007). Leisure-time PA level was not associated with lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR; Ptrend = 0.25) or platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR; Ptrend = 0.69). Compared to the lowest leisure-time PA level (< 1.2 MET-hrs/wk), the highest leisure-time PA level (≥ 14.0 MET-hrs/wk) was associated with a lower probability of a high WBC count (> 8.1 × 109 cells/L; odds ratio [OR] = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.66–0.88) and high NLR (> 2.68; OR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.72–0.99), which may predict CVD and all-cause mortality. The highest leisure-time PA level also linked to a lower probability of a high WBC count (≥ 8.3 × 109 cells/L; OR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.66–0.88), which may predict cancer mortality.

Conclusions
We observed an inverse association between leisure-time PA level, WBC count, and NLR, particularly for neutrophil levels. These results suggest that participants at higher levels of leisure-time PA may have lower levels of inflammation, which may be important for future chronic disease outcomes.
Ectopic Cervical Thymoma in a Patient Diagnosed With Graves Disease: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Nemiroff Samuel , Chai Raymond , Fan Jun , Ramer-Bass Ilana 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Thymomas are benign thymic epithelial neoplasms, rarely found outside the anterior mediastinum. Although hyperthyroid states have been associated with thymic hyperplasia, only 3 thymoma cases have been previously reported in patients with Graves disease (GD), all within the anterior mediastinum. Here, we report a case of ectopic cervical thymoma in a 22-year-old female patient previously treated for GD. The patient underwent ultrasonography, computed tomography, inconclusive fine-needle aspiration, and ultimately gross dissection for diagnostic workup and definitive treatment of an anterior neck mass, producing a 2.5 × 2.3 × 1.5-cm entity consistent with Masaoka stage I and type B2 thymoma per World Health Organization classification. The patient underwent an uncomplicated subsequent clinical course, with no adjuvant radiotherapy administered. After conducting a systematic literature review, we conclude that of the 109 cases of ectopic cervical thymoma reported, this is the first to describe a case of ectopic cervical thymoma in a patient with a past medical history of GD. For GD patients in stable euthyroid remission with the persistent or recurrent presence of an anterior neck mass, the extrathyroidal origin of the mass should always be considered, including the exceptional presence of a cervical ectopic thymoma.
Adipocyte Subpopulations Mediate Growth Hormone-induced Lipolysis and Glucose Tolerance in Male Mice
Authors: Huang Jun , Siyar Sohana , Sharma Rita , Herrig Isabella , Wise Lauren , Aidt Spencer , List Edward , Kopchick John J , Puri Vishwajeet , Lee Kevin Y 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In adipose tissue, growth hormone (GH) stimulates lipolysis, leading to an increase in plasma free fatty acid levels and a reduction in insulin sensitivity. In our previous studies, we have found that GH increases lipolysis by reducing peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) transcription activity, leading to a reduction of tat-specific protein 27 (FSP27, also known as CIDEC) expression. In previous studies, our laboratory uncovered 3 developmentally distinct subpopulations of white adipocytes. In this manuscript, we show that one of the subpopulations, termed type 2 adipocytes, has increased GH-induced signaling and lipolysis compared to other adipocyte subtypes. To assess the physiological role of GH-mediated lipolysis mediated by this adipocyte subpopulation, we specifically expressed human FSP27 (hFSP27) transgene in type 2 adipocytes (type2Ad-hFSP27tg mice). Systemically, male type2Ad-hFSP27tg mice displayed reduced serum glycerol release and nonesterified fatty acids levels after acute GH treatment, and improvement in acute, but not chronic, GH-induced glucose intolerance. Furthermore, we demonstrate that type2Ad-hFSP27tg mice displayed improved hepatic insulin signaling. Taken together, these results indicate that this adipocyte subpopulation is a critical regulator of the GH-mediated lipolytic and metabolic response. Thus, further investigation of adipocyte subpopulations may provide novel treatment strategies to regulate GH-induced glucose intolerance in patients with growth and metabolic disorders.
Writing up research for publication
Authors: Ellis Peter 
Published: October 2023

Writing for publication is a daunting task for many people, but it need not be. Writing up a piece of research for publication should be the pinnacle of the research process, the point at which the researcher gets to share their work with a wider audience. This paper explains what needs to go into a research paper that is being prepared for publication. It offers a step-by-step guide to the process to help the novice and more experienced researcher structure their research paper. This paper covers writing up both quantitative and qualitative research and examples, where used, may be drawn from either or both paradigms. This paper does not cover what is needed to publish a review or opinion piece.
Estimating the Socio-Economic Status of the U.S. Capitol Insurrectionists
Authors: Komlos John 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The income of those who attacked the U.S. Congress on January 6, 2021 and were subsequently arrested is estimated for the first time using the annual per-capita income in the neighborhood of their residence as a proxy measure. Contrary to common wisdom, we find that two groups were conspicuously underrepresented from this subset of the insurrectionists (N = 933): the utterly poor (whose estimated per- capita income was below $15 K), as well as those whose estimated annual per-capita income was above $50 K per annum. Fully 83.3 % of the arrestees resided in areas with a (five-year average) annual per capita income between $20 K and $50 K (in 2020 prices). This finding dovetails with the argument that the right-wing populist movement in the U.S. is driven largely by the struggling lower-middle class who have been left behind by the transition from an industrial to a knowledge economy. The public policy implications point to the amelioration of this distributional deficit.
Regional tectonic uplift indicated by geomorphological parameters in the Bahe River Basin, central China
Authors: Wang Yingguo , Zhang Haiou , Wu Xueying , Hu Yantao 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Multiple uplifts of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau since the late Cenozoic have generated large effects on the geomorphology and environment over Asia. However, how the basin responded to the uplifted Tibetan Plateau remains unknown. Here, we examined the digital geomorphology of the Bahe River basin, the greatest first-order tributary in the southern Weihe River basin. The geomorphogenesis of the watershed, the far-field effects, and the long-range consequences of the elevation from the Tibetan Plateau were thoroughly discussed. We found that there were five layers of terraces, which were mainly controlled by tectonic activity. The geomorphological characteristics suggested that Bahe basin was influenced by a severe tectonic activity prime, with intense river erosion. The Lishan-North Qinling Mountains uplift, facilitated by the horizontal expansion of the northern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, was also responsible for the development of the Bahe River basin.
Investigation of mechanical and microstructure properties of metal inert gas based wire arc additive manufactured Inconel 600 superalloy
Authors: T. Mani Harish , Savarimuthu Jerome , Varma Sathwic R. , Muraleedharan Muraleekrishnan B. , Suni Nibin K. , Nandakumar Yadhukrishna 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This work aims to fabricate the functionally graded Inconel 600 on stainless steel 304 block using the wire arc additive manufacturing process. The main goal of this study was to additively create a built block with Inconel 600 filler wire. Inconel 600 is a very interesting material because of its resistance to non-magnetic, corrosive media, stress corrosion cracking due to chlorine ions is non-existent, outstanding mechanical properties, good weldability and high strength under a variety of temperature conditions. Inconel 600 alloy was studied in this work utilizing metal inert gas based wire arc additive manufacturing. Torch travel speed 5 mm s−1 and current 140 A. The bottom, middle and top layers of the newly developed fabricated block were mechanically and metallurgically characterized. The microstructure and texture evolution were characterized by means of optical microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Mechanical characterization was done using the Vickers hardness test and tensile testing. Results reveal that the wire arc additively manufactured top portion has a crystalline structure showing better strength and hardness. The average hardness value was found to be 197.97 HV, the average ultimate tensile strength obtained was 616.22 MPa for the fabricated component.
Intelligent auditing techniques for enterprise finance
Authors: Peng Chen , Tian Guixian 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
With the need of social and economic development, the audit method is also continuously reformed and improved. Traditional audit methods have defects of comprehensively considering various risk factors, and cannot meet the needs of enterprise financial work. To improve the effectiveness of audit work and meet the financial needs of enterprises, a solution for intelligent auditing of enterprise finance is proposed, including intelligent analysis of accounting vouchers and of audit reports. Then, Bi-directional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) neural network is used to classify the audit problems under three text feature extraction methods. The test results show that the accuracy, recall rate, and F1 value of the COWORDS-IOM algorithm in the aggregate clustering of accounting vouchers are 85.12, 83.28, and 84.85%, respectively, which are better than the self-organizing map algorithm before the improvement. The accuracy rate, recall rate, and F1 value of Word2vec TF-IDF LDA-BiLSTM model for intelligent analysis of audit reports are 87.43, 87.88, and 87.66%, respectively. This shows that the proposed method has good performance in accounting voucher clustering and intelligent analysis of audit reports, which can provide guidance for the development of enterprise financial intelligence software to a certain extent.
Advances in triple tube heat exchangers regarding heat transfer characteristics of single and two-phase flows in comparison to double tube heat exchangers part 1
Authors: Akgul Dogan , Mercan Hatice , Acikgoz Ozgen , Dalkilic Ahmet Selim 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Triple concentric-tube heat exchangers are used widely in refrigeration, drying, energy storage, chemical systems, and the food industry. To handle excessive temperature differences, the heat transfer area, as an option, the heat exchanger’s length, is necessary to be increased. Triple tubes have a significant advantage in this regard in comparison to double ones. The target of this review is to discuss the most recent publications, including the single-phase flows in these heat exchangers, focusing on the heat transfer and hydrodynamic characteristics, and to classify them with various contemporary aspects. The operating conditions, enhanced surfaces, and sizes, as well as the geometrical parameters, are categorized as being part of experimental, numerical, and analytical research. The studies indicate that the heat transfer characteristics of triple concentric-tube heat exchangers are better than those of double tube heat exchangers. In single-phase studies, the convective and overall heat transfer coefficients, Nusselt number, heat transfer rate, and effectiveness are greater in triple heat exchangers than in double heat exchangers, and the heat exchanger length required to achieve the same heat transfer performance is shorter in triple heat exchangers than in double heat exchangers. Heat transfer surface area increases by adding a concentric third tube. Advanced surfaces enhance heat transfer compared to smooth surfaces and flow turbulence in comparison to smooth surfaces. Heat transfer from triple-one enhanced surfaces is not well-analyzed. Design and use of triple ones as a double one’s alternative should advance shortly.
Multi-objective optimization model of transmission error of nonlinear dynamic load of double helical gears
Authors: Yao Xingling 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In order to address the impact of reduced transmission stability and reliability caused by volume reduction on the quality of gear transmission, this article proposes a multi-objective optimization model for nonlinear dynamic load transmission errors of double helical gears. This study aims to introduce a multi-objective design method for gear transmission, using the volume and smooth reliability of helical gears as objective functions, and establish a multi-objective optimization design mathematical model for helical cylindrical gear transmission. In order to solve this multi-objective optimization problem, we utilized the optimization toolbox in the scientific calculation software MATLAB with examples. The results show that after the joint optimization design of volume and coincidence degree, it is calculated that the volume after the joint optimization design is still 2.2624 × 107 mm3, and the coincidence degree is 5.9908. After rounding, the design result is

m

n

=
3
,

Z

1

=
31
,
β
=

20

∘

,

Ψ

d

=
1.2

{m}_{{\rm{n}}}=3,{Z}_{1}=31,\beta ={20}^{\circ },{\Psi }_{{\rm{d}}}=1.2

. The optimization design results show that the joint optimization design with the minimum volume and the maximum coincidence as the objective function can reduce the volume and improve the output stability of the helical gear.
Helical self-assembly of an unusual pseudopeptide: crystallographic evidence
Authors: Dutta Arpita , Das Suven , Das Purak 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Pseudopeptides are a versatile class of organic building blocks having potential applications in a wide range of domains. In the current study, N and C termini protected l-alanine based short pseudopeptide was synthesized, where 5-aminoisophthalic acid (5-AIA), a rigid non-proteogenic γ-amino butyric acid was incorporated as C-terminal residue. The single crystal X-ray analysis revealed that the l-Ala residue of the aforesaid peptide adopts ϕ and ψ values characteristic of polyproline II conformation. Self-assembly of the pseudopeptide seems to represent a supramolecular helical architecture via NH⋯O, CH⋯O hydrogen bonding and π–π interactions.
Prevalence and molecular characterization of Cronobacter species in Egyptian table eggs and egg-based desserts; special insight on Cronobacter sakazakii
Authors: M. Kamal Sahar , Maharik Nagah M.S. , Valero Antonio , Faried Alshimaa M. 
Published: October 2023

The occurrence of Cronobacter spp. was investigated in table eggs and egg-based desserts obtained from retail stores. Cronobacter was isolated from 57 out of 180 (31.7%) (95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 26–43%) examined samples of eggs and egg-based desserts. The prevalence of Cronobacter spp. was significantly higher in farm eggs (67%) (P < 0.05) than in Balady eggs (23%), cream cake (27%) and small-scale ice cream (27%). Cronobacter (C.) sakazakii and C. muytjensii were the predominant isolates obtained in the present study. All C. sakazakii isolates were molecularly confirmed with higher incidence in small-scale ice cream (62.5%).
“God’s Grandeur” by Gerard Manley Hopkins. A Poetic Path into the Depths of Contemplation
Authors: Godawa Marcin 
Published: October 2023

The present paper concerns the question of how Christian contemplation, in the sense of a simple loving gaze on God and His works, could be prepared and supported by poetry by using the properties of poetic speech in the field of semantics, syntax as well as sound effects. The object is God’s Grandeur, a brilliant sonnet by Gerard Manley Hopkins, a poet, priest, Jesuit, a man of spiritual passion. Its analysis along with interpretation, in terms of both poetics and spiritual theology, will allow us to see how aesthetic contemplation works and could bear fruit for a contemporary man’s relation to himself or herself, to the world as well as most importantly to God, the source of created goodness.
Kontemplacja mistyczna w ujęciu św. Jana od Krzyża
Authors: Gogola Jerzy Wiesław 
Published: October 2023

W artykule został podjęty problem kontemplacji mistycznej u św. Jana od Krzyża. Jego realizacja wymagała wyjaśnienia pojęcia kontemplacji zarówno w znaczeniu szerokim, jak i ściśle mistycznym. Ukazany został jej ścisły związek z życiem duchowym chrześcijanina. Kontemplacja, jak i życie duchowe posiadają swoje źródło w łasce chrztu świętego, która zawiera cały potencjał duchowego rozwoju. Ona stanowi podstawowe uzdolnienie do zjednoczenia z Bogiem, do kontemplacji najgłębszych tajemnic Boskich; gwarantuje otrzymywanie Ducha Świętego, którego Chrystus posłał do naszych serc, by dopełniał dzieła uświęcenia. Jednak jest Bożą tajemnicą, dlaczego nie w każdym przypadku „wpływ Boga na duszę” niesie z sobą taką samą doświadczalną formę. Na kolejnym etapie refleksji skonfrontowano kontemplację zwyczajną z kontemplacją mistyczną, by następnie uwzględnić jej dwie formy: oczyszczającą i jednocząca. Są one doświadczane przez wielu wierzących, ale nie w taki sam sposób i nie w takiej samej proporcji. Zakładając autentyczną wierność wierzącego, przy różnej formie przeżywania relacji z Bogiem i dokonujących się duchowych procesów, należy stwierdzić, że zależy to od Bożej pedagogii. Bóg najlepiej wie, jaką drogą prowadzić człowieka do osiągnięcia nadprzyrodzonego celu i w jaki sposób uczynić go skutecznym świadkiem Chrystusa. W dalszej kolejności uwzględniono dwa wymiary kontemplacji mistycznej: teologiczny, a więc obiektywny oraz doświadczalny, czyli subiektywny. Zastosowano metodę analizy oraz syntezy. Poddano pod refleksję źródłowe teksty, by poddać je analizie i wyciągnąć stosowne wnioski. Ostateczne wnioski są następujące: Kontemplacja, w ujęciu św. Jana od Krzyża, jest formą życia teologalnego. Pojawiając się, wywiera wpływ na wszystkie inne formy modlitwy: liturgiczną, ustną, lekturę Pisma Świętego i wprowadza cechę prostoty oraz miłosnej uwagi na Boga. Nie zastępuje tych form, ale nimi się karmi i jednocześnie ubogaca je. Między różnymi rodzajami modlitwy nie może istnieć żaden istotny kontrast. W życiu samego św. Jana od Krzyża obserwujemy praktykę modlitwy aż do śmierci we wszystkich jej formach, włącznie z modlitwą ustną. Kontemplacja wierzącego posiada swoje źródło w ukrytym i tajemnym działaniu Ducha Świętego. Bez tej działalności nie byłaby ona możliwa. Wbrew powszechnym opiniom wskazuje przede wszystkim na pierwszeństwo działania Bożego w procesie uświęcenia, zaś ludzka działalność posiada charakter odpowiedzi na to działania.
Formacja liturgiczna alumnów po Soborze Watykańskim II
Authors: Mieczkowski Janusz 
Published: October 2023

Celem formacji liturgicznej jest zrozumienie, w jaki sposób celebruje się i wyraża misterium zbawienia. Fundamentem formacji liturgicznej jest zbawcze dzieło Jezusa oraz udział człowieka w jest misterium paschalnym Chrystusa poprzez wiarę i sakramenty. Formacja ta ma być mistagogiczną, więc ma obejmować przede wszystkim uczestnictwo w liturgii, która sama ma moc oddziaływania na jej uczestników. Dlatego na pierwszym miejscu dokumenty zawsze stawiają uczestnictwo w liturgii, a dopiero potem naukę i praktyczne wtajemniczenie w obrzędy. Jeśli chodzi o życie liturgiczne w seminarium ma ono koncentrować się na codziennym uczestnictwie w Eucharystii. Obok niej pojawia się także troska o częste sprawowanie Liturgii godzin, sakrament pokuty i pojednania i właściwe przeżywanie roku liturgicznego. Ważne są także przyjmowane w odpowiednim czasie posługi lektora i akolity. W Nowym Ratio studiorum dla Polski nauka liturgii wpisana została w nowy podział całej formacji seminaryjnej, czyli „etap propedeutyczny”, „etap stawania się uczniem Jezusa”, „etap upodabniania się do Chrystusa” oraz etap pastoralny. Ratio studiorum dla Polski przewiduje w czasie studiów tylko 120 godzin zajęć liturgicznych (85 godzin wykładów i 35 godzin ćwiczeń), do których dochodzi jeszcze przedmiot „Liturgiczna posługa prezbitera” na etapie pastoralnym.
Evaluation of water and animal concepts in terms of scarcity, rights and welfare
Authors: ÇAK Bahattin 
Published: October 2023

Problems such as global warming and cooling, climate change, water and food have been some of the most important issues on the world agenda in recent years. For sustainable welfare, the concepts of equality, justice and rights are indispensable for the ecosystem. Today, the adoption of legal regulations on water scarcity, right to water, animal welfare and animal rights with the awareness of conscientious responsibility in the individual and society has been an important development for the future.
Therefore, in this article, it is aimed to contribute to the objective questioning of the concepts of rights and welfare with their emotional, legal and scientific aspects by getting rid of people's presuppositions about life, abandoning the distinction between living and non-living things. The study consists of two parts. In the first part, water scarcity and the right to water and in the second part, evaluations are made in terms of animal welfare and rights. The literatures cited in the article are faithful to the author's views.
The general acceptance of water consumption as a need rather than a right has turned it into a commodity that can be bought and sold with money. Although there is enough water in the universe, the perception of scarcity consciousness arising from the possible inadequacy of the amount of consumable water needs to be re-questioned at the intellectual level by considering it from the perspective of biological transformation-change.