bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paid medical malpractice claims: How strongly does the past predict the future?
Authors: Yousefi Kowsar , Black Bernard , Hyman David A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWhen does the past predict the future? In financial markets, warnings that “past results are no guarantee of future performance” are ubiquitous. But in multiple fields (including professional sports, insurance, and criminal law), it is widely believed that the past is a useful guide to the future. Does that insight apply to medical malpractice (“med mal”)? Using a novel dataset (which includes detailed data on all licensed physicians and all paid claims in Illinois over a 25‐year period), we study whether past paid med mal claims, physician characteristics, and specialty predict future paid med mal claims. After controlling for other factors, physicians with a single prior paid claim have a fourfold higher risk of future claims than physicians with zero prior paid claims. The more prior paid claims a physician has, the higher the likelihood of a future paid claim. Multiple factors (male gender, having an MD, attending a non‐U.S. medical school, practicing in a high‐claim‐risk specialty, and mid‐career status [6–15 prior years of experience]) predict a higher likelihood of having one or more paid med mal claims.
An evaluation of nasogastric (NG) tube removal practices and nutritional intake parameters in an acute neurosurgical population: The development of an NG Transition Feeding Protocol
Authors: McAuliffe Shane , Archer Alan , Carter Amy , Ray Sumantra 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundAs a result of the complex nature of neurosurgical patients, nasogastric (NG) tube feeding is often implemented for patients who are unable to consume adequate oral intake. During recovery, patients on enteral nutrition (EN) are progressed to oral nutrition, which can result in NGT removal and discontinuation of supportive feeding plans. This is often before patients become established on sufficient oral intake to meet their nutritional requirements.MethodsWe conducted an exploration of current NG removal practices in patients (n = 23) across five neurosurgical wards over a 3‐month period to assess practitioner review response times, NG feeding duration, decision making on NG removal, and the influence of dietary recommendations and differing EN protocols on patients' ability to meet their nutritional requirements. Our aim was to use this data to design and implement a protocol to improve consistency of these practices.ResultsAfter oral intake was commenced, only those receiving supplementary EN achieved nutritional targets immediately. Conversely, no patient who had their NGT removed at this stage achieved these targets. Following NG removal, the likelihood of a patient meeting nutritional targets was influenced by the decision maker, supporting the practice of registered dietitian led cessation of NG feeding. These findings led us to develop an “NG Transition Feeding Protocol” to serve as a simple, clear pathway which treating teams can utilise to guide NG feeding decisions.ConclusionsNG feeding supports neurosurgical patients to meet nutritional requirements in the early stages following commencement of oral intake. The development of an “NG Transition Feeding Protocol” may help to improve consistency of transition feeding on neurosurgical wards, allowing time for nutrition assessment to support informed decisions around NG removal. The aim of this protocol is to improve the efficiency of transition feeding, improve dietetic workload efficiency, nursing staff confidence and avoid compromising nutritional status of patients as a result of the early cessation of EN.
Relationship between shift assignments, organizational justice, and turnover intention: A cross‐sectional survey of Japanese shift‐work nurses in hospitals
Authors: Kida Ryohei , Takemura Yukie 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimShift management and planning processes for shift‐working nurses are important for their continued work. This study aimed to determine the association between shift assignments, organizational justice, and their interaction with turnover intention among shift‐work nurses.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study used an online questionnaire administered to Japanese nurses between January and February 2020. Enquiries pertaining to their daily start and end times for each shift type, the shift assignments, organizational justice, and their turnover intention were made. To examine the association with turnover intention, logistic regression analysis was performed with shift assignments, organizational justice, and their interaction terms as independent variables.ResultsA total of 386 nurses participated in the final analysis. Of these, 161 nurses (41.7%) had turnover intention. Unequal work assignments and procedural justice were significantly associated with turnover intention. However, the interaction between these factors was not significant.ConclusionThe results suggest that procedural justice in the workplace and turnover intention are related, but in shift planning, even procedural justice cannot buffer unequal work from leading to turnover intention. This study provides valuable insights for nursing managers who manage the schedules of shift‐working nurses.
Identification of sheep eimerian parasites, Eimeria crandallis and Eimeria faurei, employing microscopic and molecular tools
Authors: Abdel‐Gaber Rewaida , Al‐Shaebi Esam M. , Yehia Ramy S. , Omer Sawsan A. , El‐khadragy Manal F. , Al Quraishy Saleh , Mohammed Osama B. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCoccidiosis, caused by apicomplexan Eimeria species, is a protozoan disease that affects various species of wild and domestic animals. However, data available on Eimeria diversity in ruminants in Saudi Arabia is meagre. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate some eimerian parasites infecting sheep (Sawakni and Harrie breeds) using microscopy and molecular methods for the first time in Saudi Arabia. Twenty‐four fecal samples were collected from sheep farms. Based on the floatation technique, eimerian oocysts were observed in 8 of the 24 (33.33%) fecal samples. The coccidian‐positive samples were subjected to fecal culture in a shallow layer of 2.5% potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7). Detected eimerian oocysts were described micromorphometrically as the basis for traditional oocyst identification. Morphologically, the sporulated oocysts were similar to those of sheep eimerian parasies; Eimeria faurei and Eimeria crandallis. PCR products from the two eimerian species detected from Sawakni and Harrie breeds were sequenced and were found to be distinct from each other with mutations at five positions. One of them clustered with E. crandallis with 99.8%–100% identity with sequences available in GenBank. E. crandallis was obtained from two Sawakni sheep and two Harrie sheep. The other sequences grouped with E. faurei with 99.8% identity with the only sequences available in GenBank. E. crandallis was detected from both Sawakni and Harrie breeds whereas E. faurei was detected only from Sawakni sheep. The findings of this study have implications for the importance of morphometric identification with advanced molecular tools to confirm the identities of sheep Eimeria species and to address the taxonomic study of this eimeriid parasite at the species level.
Futures of english studies: Australia
Authors: Giles Paul 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis paper considers the professionalization of literary studies in Australian universities. It traces ways in which its interdisciplinary formations have been shaped not only by the cultural contexts of colonialism and postcolonialism, but also by institutional factors and budgetary pressures. Nevertheless, it argues this framework has also created intellectual opportunities for positively reshaping the subject so as to bring it into discursive conversation with cognate fields. It suggests that the repositioning of Australian literature and literary studies in relation to World Literature may offer the prospect of opening up the field for the benefit of scholars the world over.
Kidney outcomes associated with haematuria and proteinuria trajectories among patients with IgA nephropathy in real‐world clinical practice: The Japan Chronic Kidney Disease Database
Authors: Yano Yuichiro , Nagasu Hajime , Kanegae Hiroshi , Nangaku Masaomi , Hirakawa Yosuke , Sugawara Yuka , Nakagawa Naoki , Wada Jun , Sugiyama Hitoshi , Nakano Toshiaki , Wada Takashi , Shimizu Miho , Suzuki Hitoshi , Komatsu Hiroyuki , Nakashima Naoki , Kitaoka Kaori , Narita Ichiei , Okada Hirokazu , Suzuki Yusuke , Kashihara Naoki 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimAmong patients with Immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy, we aimed to identify trajectory patterns stratified by the magnitude of haematuria and proteinuria using repeated urine dipstick tests, and assess whether the trajectories were associated with kidney events.MethodsUsing a nationwide multicentre chronic kidney disease (CKD) registry, we analysed data from 889 patients with IgA nephropathy (mean age 49.3 years). The primary outcome was a sustained reduction in eGFR of 50% or more from the index date and thereafter. During follow‐up (median 49.0 months), we identified four trajectories (low‐stable, moderate‐decreasing, moderate‐stable, and high‐stable) in both urine dipstick haematuria and proteinuria measurements, respectively.ResultsIn haematuria trajectory analyses, compared to the low‐stable group, the adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) (95% confidence interval [CI]) for kidney events were 2.59 (95% CI, 1.48–4.51) for the high‐stable, 2.31 (95% CI, 1.19–4.50) for the moderate‐stable, and 1.43 (95% CI, (0.72–2.82) for the moderate‐decreasing groups, respectively. When each proteinuria trajectory group was subcategorized according to haematuria trajectories, the proteinuria group with high‐stable and with modest‐stable haematuria trajectories had approximately 2‐times higher risk for eGFR reduction ≥50% compared to that with low‐stable haematuria trajectory.ConclusionAssessments of both haematuria and proteinuria trajectories using urine dipstick could identify high‐risk IgA nephropathy patients.
Drought stress‐responsive abscisic acid and salicylic acid crosstalk with the phenylpropanoid pathway in soybean seeds
Authors: La Van Hien , Tran Dinh Ha , Han Viet‐Cuong , Nguyen Tien Dung , Duong Van Cuong , Nguyen Viet Hung , Tran Anh Tuan , Nguyen Thi Huong Giang , Ngo Xuan Binh 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCrosstalk between hormones and secondary metabolites regulates the interactions between plants and stress. However, little is known about the effects of hormone crosstalk on the concentration of flavonoids in seeds. In this study, we identified abscisic acid (ABA) as a negative regulator of flavonoid accumulation in soybean seeds under drought‐stress conditions. Alterations in flavonoid accumulation at several intensities of water stress, followed by a recovery period, were measured during the soybean seed‐filling stage. Low soil moisture (SM 10%) significantly decreased the total flavonoid content in seeds. The decline in flavonoid content was proportional to the severity of drought stress and was dependent on the activities of phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase (PAL) and chalcone synthase (CHS), two key phenylpropanoid pathway enzymes. The expression of phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase 1 (GmPAL1), chalcone isomerase 1A (GmCHI1A), and chalcone synthase 8 (GmCHS8) was associated with phenolic and flavonoid accumulation in soybean seeds of plants subjected to drought stress. Interestingly, the expression levels of GmCHS8 were highly correlated with flavonoid levels under drought stress and water recovery conditions. Cinnamic acid, which is a biosynthesis precursor shared by both phenylpropanoid metabolism and salicylic acid (SA) biosynthesis, decreased under drought stress conditions. Notably, exogenous ABA suppressed the expression of GmPAL1, which encodes the first rate‐limiting enzyme in the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway and affects downstream products such as SA and flavonoids. In conclusion, drought stress altered the phenylpropanoid‐derived compounds, at least with regard to flavonoid and SA accumulation in seeds, which was regulated by antagonistic interactions with ABA.
Between Traditionalism and Revisionism: Estlund and Renzo on the Obligation to Obey Orders to Fight in Unjust Wars
Authors: Venezia Luciano , Sánchez Brígido Rodrigo E. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDavid Estlund and Massimo Renzo argue that, given the right background conditions, combatants are obligated to obey orders to fight in unjust wars, a thesis they put forward even as they recognize that this involves committing serious moral wrongs. Their views, then, fall between traditionalism and revisionism in the theory of just war. We argue that both Estlund and Renzo fail to adequately distinguish between binding and nonbinding serious morally wrong orders, that their views are incompatible with their assumed fact‐relative understanding of morality, and that they fail to establish that combatants are obligated to obey orders to fight in unjust wars. We conclude that just as untenable as these two middle‐ground positions is the traditionalist view.
Spatial Temperature and Water Molar Concentration Measurements Using Thermal and Electrostrictive Laser-Induced Grating Spectroscopy During Operation of a Swirl Burner at Pressure
Authors: Weller Lee , Shah Priyav , Giles Anthony , Domenico Francesca De , Morris Steve , Williams Benjamin A. O. , Hochgreb Simone 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Laser-Induced Grating Spectroscopy (LIGS) was applied in a high-pressure combustion facility. Instantaneous (sub-μs), spatially resolved (within 5 mm) measurements of temperature and molar fractions of water were obtained using thermal and electrostrictive LIGS signals. Temperatures up to 1800 K and water molar fractions between 0.01 and 0.12 were measured. A new analytic approach was developed to extract temperature from the frequencies of the measured signal within the flame brush region, where mixtures contain both burnt and unburnt gases. Mean product temperatures are shown to be 8% lower than the adiabatic temperatures for the nominal equivalence ratio, and 14% higher than measurements made with a thermocouple, uncorrected for radiation losses. This work represents the first application of LIGS to a high-pressure, turbulent swirling flame, opening up the potential for future uses in other real-world applications. Challenges associated with the deployment of the technique are described as are potential measures to overcome these difficulties.
Integrated Design of a Variable Cycle Engine and Aircraft Thermal Management System
Authors: Clark Robert A. , Tai Jimmy , Mavris Dimitri 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The integrated design of a variable cycle engine (VCE) and an aircraft thermal management system (TMS) is investigated. The integrated system is designed using the multiple design point approach in order to achieve required performance metrics at points other than the cycle design condition. The VCE architecture is a three stream design where the third stream is split off after the fan, exhausting through a separate third-stream nozzle. The primary air stream passes through a low-pressure compressor before splitting into an inner bypass stream and a core stream. The inner streams mix aft of the low-pressure turbine and exhaust through a core nozzle. The variable cycle engine utilizes variable compressor inlet guide vanes, a variable area bypass injector at the core stream mixing plane, and variable throats in the two exhaust nozzles. The TMS architecture is an air cycle system using air bled from the high-pressure compressor. The effect of integrating the TMS into the engine design loop is investigated. A comparison is made to prior studies where the same TMS architecture was connected to a low bypass ratio turbofan engine. The comparison shows that the variable cycle engine is able to improve heat dissipation capability versus a ram air cooled system, while eliminating the airframe integration impact that comes with a separate ram-air stream. Lastly, the impact of modulating the variable geometry features on overall cooling capability is investigated. Results are presented for individual operating points as well as at the aircraft mission level.
Special geologic features of Ohiopyle State Park, Pennsylvania, USA
Authors: Zelt Fred , Shaulis Jim , Pazzaglia Frank 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
With waterfalls and the deepest gorge in Pennsylvania, Ohiopyle State Park provides opportunities to observe a variety of habitats and three-dimensional (3-D) exposures of the Pennsylvanian sandstone most responsible for shaping Laurel Highlands landscapes. Evidence for the relationship between bedrock, ancient climates, and the landscape can be observed at some of the most scenic natural features of the park: Baughman Rock Overlook, Cucumber Falls, Ohiopyle Falls, Meadow Run Waterslide and Cascades, and Youghiogheny River Entrance Rapid. Channel azimuths and lateral variations in thickness of upper Pottsville fluvial/deltaic sandstone suggest that deposition was influenced by deformation of this part of the Allegheny Plateau during the Alleghanian orogeny. Geologic features of Pottsville sandstone outcrops include a 10-m- (~33-ft-) long Lepidodendron fossil and a 3-D exposure of a meter-high Pennsylvanian subaqueous sand dune and scour pit. Cosmogenic age dating has indicated very slow erosion of hard sandstone in an upland location at Turtlehead Rock and informed estimation of Pleistocene/Holocene waterfall retreat rates of Ohiopyle and Cucumber Falls. Bedrock exposures supporting scour habitats along the Youghiogheny River occur only in a limited area of Youghiogheny Gorge where knickpoint migration and bedrock erosion were relatively recent. Geologic factors, including locations of major tributaries, development of bars that constrict river flow, and proximity of Homewood sandstone outcrops as sources of boulder obstacles in the river, contributed to the class, location, and nature of whitewater rapids in the lower Youghiogheny River.
Hydrology and geology of the Fernow Experimental Forest, West Virginia, USA
Authors: Riddell Jill L. , Rau Benjamin , Russoniello Christopher 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
The Fernow Experimental Forest (the “Fernow”) is an 1860-ha (4600-acre) research forested watershed in Parsons, West Virginia, USA. The Fernow has been in operation since 1934 and has historically been the site of timbering and silvicultural research programs. Beginning in the 1950s, a water quality research program was established in the Fernow to assess the effects of different forestry management techniques on water quantity and quality. As a result, most peer-reviewed research from the Fernow has focused on water quality data directly related to forestry efforts with little mention of the effects of geology, hydrogeology, or climate on water resources in the Fernow. Further, the Fernow is representative of Appalachian headwater mountain watersheds and is a protected and secure research site in the greater Monongahela National Forest. This, in combination with the long-term data records from the water research program, make the Fernow an ideal location for further geologic and hydrologic investigations in forested mountain watersheds. The geology of the Fernow is dominated by moderately dipping Paleozoic-aged strata with local karst features (e.g., springs) occurring in one unit. The hydrology of the Fernow consists of intermittent and perennial streams that are reactive to seasonal weather patterns. This field guide serves as an overview of the geology and hydrology of the Fernow and surrounding region to be used as a teaching and recruitment tool to advance the geologic understanding of Allegheny Mountain headwaters.
A record of the Pleistocene: Periglacial landforms, deposits, and fauna in the Appalachian highlands of Maryland, West Virginia, and Pennsylvania, USA
Authors: Adams Rebecca Kavage , Swift Mark , Brezinski David K. , Schaney Mitzy L. , Kite J. Steven 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
During the Pleistocene, the Laurentian Ice Sheet extended southward into northwestern Pennsylvania. This field trip identifies a number of periglacial features from the Appalachian Plateaus and Ridge and Valley provinces that formed near the Pleistocene ice sheet front. Evidence of Pleistocene periglacial climate in this area includes glacial lake deposits in the Monongahela River valley near Morgantown, West Virginia, and Sphagnum peatlands, rock cities, and patterned ground in plateau areas surrounding the Upper Youghiogheny River basin in Garrett County, Maryland, and the Laurel Highlands of Somerset County, Pennsylvania, USA. In the high-lying basins of the Allegheny Mountains, Pleistocene peatlands still harbor species characteristic of more northerly latitudes due to local frost pocket conditions. Pleistocene fauna preserved in a cave deposit in Allegany County, Maryland, record a diverse mammalian assemblage indicative of taiga forest habitat in the Ridge and Valley province.
The smeared-horizon observer of a black hole
Authors: Nieuwenhuizen Theodorus Maria 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA class of observers is introduced that interpolate smoothly between the Schwarzschild observer, stable at spatial infinity, and the Kerr–Schild observer, who falls into a black hole. For these observers, the passing of the event and inner horizon takes a finite time, which diverges logarithmically when the interpolation parameter$$\sigma $$σgoes to zero. In the field theoretic approach to gravitation, the behavior at the horizons becomes regular, making the mass of the metric well defined.
Manipulating Visually Aware Federated Recommender Systems and Its Countermeasures
Authors: Yuan Wei , Yuan Shilong , Yang Chaoqun , Quoc Viet hung Nguyen , Yin Hongzhi 
Published: October 2023

Federated recommender systems (FedRecs) have been widely explored recently due to their capability to safeguard user data privacy. These systems enable a central server to collaboratively learn recommendation models by sharing public parameters with clients, providing privacy-preserving solutions. However, this collaborative approach also creates a vulnerability that allows adversaries to manipulate FedRecs. Existing works on FedRec security already reveal that items can easily be promoted by malicious users via model poisoning attacks, but all of them mainly focus on FedRecs with only collaborative information (i.e., user–item interactions). We contend that these attacks are effective primarily due to the data sparsity of collaborative signals. In light of this, we propose a method to address data sparsity and model poisoning threats by incorporating product visual information. Intriguingly, our empirical findings demonstrate that the inclusion of visual information renders all existing model poisoning attacks ineffective.Nevertheless, the integration of visual information also introduces a new avenue for adversaries to manipulate federated recommender systems, as this information typically originates from external sources. To assess such threats, we propose a novel form of poisoning attack tailored for visually aware FedRecs, namely image poisoning attacks, where adversaries can gradually modify the uploaded image with human-unaware perturbations to manipulate item ranks during the FedRecs’ training process. Moreover, we provide empirical evidence showcasing a heightened threat when image poisoning attacks are combined with model poisoning attacks, resulting in easier manipulation of the federated recommendation systems. To ensure the safe utilization of visual information, we employ a diffusion model in visually aware FedRecs to purify each uploaded image and detect the adversarial images. Extensive experiments conducted with two FedRecs on two datasets demonstrate the effectiveness and generalization of our proposed attacks and defenses.