bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential gene expression patterns and physiological responses improve adaptation to high salinity concentration in pepper accessions
Authors: López‐Serrano Lidia , Martínez‐Cuenca Mary‐Rus , López‐Galarza Salvador , Calatayud Ángeles 
Published: December 2023

AbstractHigh salinity decreases the productivity of crops worldwide. Pepper is particularly sensitive to high salt concentrations. Herein, we subjected three tolerant pepper accessions (C12, B14 and A25) to high sodium chloride concentration (70 mM NaCl). The aerial and root biomass, leaf and root osmotic potential (Ψπ), Na+, Cl−, K+ and proline concentrations and the relative expression of the putative genes CaSOS1, CaHKT1, three CaNHXs and CaP5CS were measured. Different salinity tolerance strategies depending on the pepper accession were identified. In C12, tolerance was attributed to the accumulation of Na+ in vacuoles and endosomes by the activation of vacuolar CaNHXs genes and the reduction in Ψπ; additionally, the activation of CaHKT1 and CaSOS1 in leaves and roots moved and accumulated Na+ ions in the xylem and xylem parenchyma cells (XPC) as well as expulsed it out of the root cells. A25 accession, on the contrary, was specialized in compartmentalizing Na+ ions in root and leaf vacuoles and root XPC by the up‐regulation of CaNHXs and CaHKT1, respectively, avoiding a toxic accumulation in leaves. Finally, B14 accession moved and accumulated Na+ in xylem and XPC, reducing its concentration in roots by the activation of CaSOS1 and CaHKT1. This study shade light on different tolerance mechanisms of pepper plants to overcome salt stress.
Single‐cell transcriptome analyses reveal cellular and molecular responses to low nitrogen in burley tobacco leaves
Authors: Feng Yuqing , Zhao Yuanyuan , Ma Yanjun , Liu Deshui , Shi Hongzhi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractTobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) is cultivated and consumed worldwide. It requires great amounts of nitrogen (N) to achieve the best yield and quality. With a view to sustainable and environmentally friendly agriculture, developing new genotypes with high productivity under low N conditions is an important approach. It is unclear how genes in tobacco are expressed at the cellular level and the precise mechanisms by which cells respond to environmental stress, especially in the case of low N. Here, we characterized the transcriptomes in tobacco leaves grown in normal and low‐N conditions by performing scRNA‐seq. We identified 10 cell types with 17 transcriptionally distinct cell clusters with the assistance of marker genes and constructed the first single‐cell atlas of tobacco leaves. Distinct gene expression patterns of cell clusters were observed under low‐N conditions, and the mesophyll cells were the most important responsive cell type and displayed heterogene responses among its three subtypes. Pseudo‐time trajectory analysis revealed low‐N stress decelerates the differentiation towards mesophyll cells. In combination with scRNA‐seq, WGCNA, and bulk RNA‐seq results, we found that genes involved in porphyrin metabolism, nitrogen metabolism, carbon fixation, photosynthesis, and photosynthesis‐antenna pathway play an essential role in response to low N. Moreover, we identified COL16, GATA24, MYB73, and GLK1 as key TFs in the regulation of N‐responsive genes. Collectively, our findings are the first observation of the cellular and molecular responses of tobacco leaves under low N stress and lay the cornerstone for future tobacco scRNA‐seq investigations.
The transcription factor PtoMYB142 enhances drought tolerance in Populus tomentosa by regulating gibberellin catabolism
Authors: Song Qin , Kong Lingfei , Yang Jiarui , Lin Minghui , Zhang Yuqian , Yang Xuerui , Wang Xiaojing , Zhao Zhengjie , Zhang Meng , Pan Jiarui , Zhu Shunqin , Jiao Bo , Xu Changzheng , Luo Keming 
Published: December 2023

SUMMARYDrought stress caused by global warming has resulted in significant tree mortality, driving the evolution of water conservation strategies in trees. Although phytohormones have been implicated in morphological adaptations to water deficits, the molecular mechanisms underlying these processes in woody plants remain unclear. Here, we report that overexpression of PtoMYB142 in Populus tomentosa results in a dwarfism phenotype with reduced leaf cell size, vessel lumen area, and vessel density in the stem xylem, leading to significantly enhanced drought resistance. We found that PtoMYB142 modulates gibberellin catabolism in response to drought stress by binding directly to the promoter of PtoGA2ox4, a GA2‐oxidase gene induced under drought stress. Conversely, knockout of PtoMYB142 by the CRISPR/Cas9 system reduced drought resistance. Our results show that the reduced leaf size and vessel area, as well as the increased vessel density, improve leaf relative water content and stem water potential under drought stress. Furthermore, exogenous GA3 application rescued GA‐deficient phenotypes in PtoMYB142‐overexpressing plants and reversed their drought resistance. By suppressing the expression of PtoGA2ox4, the manifestation of GA‐deficient characteristics, as well as the conferred resistance to drought in PtoMYB142‐overexpressing poplars, was impeded. Our study provides insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying tree drought resistance, potentially offering novel transgenic strategies to enhance tree resistance to drought.
Plant hypersensitive induced reaction protein facilitates cell death induced by secreted xylanase associated with the pathogenicity of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
Authors: Wang Pei , Wang Yabo , Hu Yawen , Chen Ziyang , Han Lili , Zhu Wenjun , Tian Binnian , Fang Anfei , Yang Yuheng , Bi Chaowei , Yu Yang 
Published: December 2023

SUMMARYNecrotrophic fungal plant pathogens employ cell death‐inducing proteins (CDIPs) to facilitate infection. However, the specific CDIPs and their mechanisms in pathogenic processes of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, a necrotrophic pathogen that causes disease in many economically important crop species, have not yet been clearly defined. This study found that S. sclerotiorum secretes SsXyl2, a glycosyl hydrolase family 11 xylanase, at the late stage of hyphal infection. SsXyl2 targets the apoplast of host plants to induce cell death independent of xylanase activity. Targeted disruption of SsXyl2 leads to serious impairment of virulence, which can be recovered by a catalytically impaired SsXyl2 variant, thus supporting the critical role of cell death‐inducing activity of SsXyl2 in establishing successful colonization of S. sclerotiorum. Remarkably, infection by S. sclerotiorum induces the accumulation of Nicotiana benthamiana hypersensitive‐induced reaction protein 2 (NbHIR2). NbHIR2 interacts with SsXyl2 at the plasma membrane and promotes its localization to the cell membrane and cell death‐inducing activity. Furthermore, gene‐edited mutants of NbHIR2 displayed increased resistance to the wild‐type strain of S. sclerotiorum, but not to the SsXyl2‐deletion strain. Hence, SsXyl2 acts as a CDIP that manipulates host cell physiology by interacting with hypersensitive induced reaction protein to facilitate colonization by S. sclerotiorum. These findings provide valuable insights into the pathogenic mechanisms of CDIPs in necrotrophic pathogens and lead to a more promising approach for breeding resistant crops against S. sclerotiorum.
Eco‐physiology of maize crops under combined stresses
Authors: Cagnola Juan I. , D'Andrea Karina E. , Rotili Diego H. , Mercau Jorge L. , Ploschuk Edmundo L. , Maddonni Gustavo A. , Otegui María E. , Casal Jorge J. 
Published: December 2023

SUMMARYThe yield of maize (Zea mays L.) crops depends on their ability to intercept sunlight throughout the growing cycle, transform this energy into biomass and allocate it to the kernels. Abiotic stresses affect these eco‐physiological determinants, reducing crop grain yield below the potential of each environment. Here we analyse the impact of combined abiotic stresses, such as water restriction and nitrogen deficiency or water restriction and elevated temperatures. Crop yield depends on the product of kernel yield per plant and the number of plants per unit soil area, but increasing plant population density imposes a crowding stress that reduces yield per plant, even within the range that maximises crop yield per unit soil area. Therefore, we also analyse the impact of abiotic stresses under different plant densities. We show that the magnitude of the detrimental effects of two combined stresses on field‐grown plants can be lower, similar or higher than the sum of the individual stresses. These patterns depend on the timing and intensity of each one of the combined stresses and on the effects of one of the stresses on the status of the resource whose limitation causes the other. The analysis of the eco‐physiological determinants of crop yield is useful to guide and prioritise the rapidly progressing studies aimed at understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying plant responses to combined stresses.
Dysregulated miRNAs in a canine model of haemangiosarcoma metastatic to the brain
Authors: Sabattini Silvia , Baldassarro Vito Antonio , Zaccone Riccardo , Calzà Laura , Giardino Luciana , Vascellari Marta , Lorenzini Luca , Moretti Marzia , Marconato Laura 
Published: December 2023

AbstractHaemangiosarcoma is a highly metastatic and lethal cancer of blood vessel‐forming cells that commonly spreads to the brain in both humans and dogs. Dysregulations in phosphatase and tensin (PTEN) homologue have been identified in various types of cancers, including haemangiosarcoma. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short noncoding single‐stranded RNA molecules that play a crucial role in regulating the gene expression. Some miRNAs can function as oncogenes or tumour suppressors, influencing important processes in cancer, such as angiogenesis. This study aimed to investigate whether miRNAs targeting PTEN were disrupted in canine haemangiosarcoma and its corresponding brain metastases (BM). The expression levels of miRNA‐10b, miRNA‐19b, miRNA‐21, miRNA‐141 and miRNA‐494 were assessed in samples of primary canine cardiac haemangiosarcomas and their matched BM. Furthermore, the miRNA profile of the tumours was compared to samples of adjacent non‐cancerous tissue and healthy control tissues. In primary cardiac haemangiosarcoma, miRNA‐10b showed a significant increase in expression, while miRNA‐494 and miRNA‐141 exhibited downregulation. Moreover, the overexpression of miRNA‐10b was retained in metastatic brain lesions. Healthy tissues demonstrated significantly different expression patterns compared to cancerous tissues. In particular, the expression of miRNA‐10b was nearly undetectable in both control brain tissue and perimetastatic cerebral tissue. These findings can provide a rationale for the development of miRNA‐based therapeutic strategies, aimed at selectively treating haemangiosarcoma.
Diascopy and histopathological evaluation of nonblanching erythematous dermatoses in dogs
Authors: Forbes Stephanie , Bettenay Sonya , Meertens Nadine M. , Wildermuth Brett E. , Wildermuth Kerstin , Mueller Ralf S. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundDiascopy is a point‐of‐care diagnostic test used to differentiate skin erythema due to vascular dilation from haemorrhage. In the veterinary literature, only a handful of diseases have been described to be associated with a negative (nonblanching) diascopy result, and histological investigation of haemorrhage has been inconsistent.ObjectivesRetrospective study to undertake a histopathological investigation of canine, nonblanching erythematous dermatoses for the presence or absence of haemorrhage and vascular changes.Materials and MethodsSkin biopsies from dogs presented with moderate‐to‐severe nonblanching erythema were evaluated histologically. Additionally, clinical data about each patient were analysed.ResultsTwenty cases were identified with nonblanching erythema. Diagnoses included vasculopathy (n = 6), canine eosinophilic dermatitis (n = 3), cutaneous epitheliotropic T‐cell lymphoma (n = 2), and one case each of sterile granuloma and pyogranuloma syndrome, German shepherd dog pyoderma, multiple mast cell tumours, haemangiosarcoma, exfoliative cutaneous lupus erythematosus, canine leishmaniosis with sebaceous adenitis, sebaceous adenitis with concurrent dermatophytosis, calcinosis cutis and canine atopic dermatitis with insect‐bite reaction. One or more vascular changes were present in all 20 cases and included perivascular oedema, endothelial swelling and neutrophilic infiltration of vessel walls. Haemorrhage was identified in 17 of 20 cases (85%). Three cases without dermal haemorrhage were calcinosis cutis, sebaceous adenitis with dermatophytosis and canine atopic dermatitis with insect‐bite reaction.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceNegative diascopy was associated with haemorrhage and vascular pathological findings in the majority of cases, yet not all. Haemorrhage was identified histologically in all diseases previously reported as nonblanching as well as in a few additional diseases.
Stereotactic radiotherapy for advanced canine anal sac adenocarcinoma: an exploratory study
Authors: Faletti Claire , Van Asselt Nathaniel 
Published: December 2023

AbstractFor dogs with anal sac adenocarcinoma (ASAC), metastasis to intra‐abdominal and pelvic lymph nodes occurs early in the disease course. Death is usually related to locoregional progression. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice, but may not be possible in advanced cases. Dogs treated with RT in the gross disease setting showed a 38%–75% overall response rate, but side effects to organs at risk in this area (especially the colon, bladder, and spinal cord) were reported. Stereotactic radiation therapy (SRT) utilizes highly conformal treatment planning with rapid dose fall‐off and hypofractionation. SRT may help to reduce the risk of late side effects of radiation while also creating a larger biological effect on ASACs. A primary aim of this prospective, descriptive, exploratory study was to describe the safety and feasibility of an SRT protocol in a small sample of dogs with ASAC, using objective and subjective measures to monitor acute and late side effects. A secondary aim was to describe the anti‐tumor response of the SRT protocol using CT at 3‐ and 6 months posttreatment. Five dogs completed the radiation protocol. Four had follow‐up CT characteristics of complete response (1), partial response (2), and stable disease (1). Minimal acute side effects were observed. Despite some large tumor volumes, constraints for OAR were achieved in all but the spinal cord for one patient. Findings indicated that SRT is a safe and feasible treatment for dogs with ACAC. Future studies are warranted to compare patient outcomes for SRT versus other treatments.
Human keratin matrices promote wound healing by modulating skin cell expression of cytokines and growth factors
Authors: Ramey‐Ward Allison N. , Walthall Howard P. , Smith Shakesia , Barrows Thomas H. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractA wide variety of biomaterials has been developed to assist in wound healing, including acellular animal and human‐derived protein matrices. However, millions of patients worldwide still suffer from non‐healing chronic wounds, demonstrating a need for further innovation in wound care. To address this need, a novel biomaterial, the human keratin matrix (HKM), was developed, characterised, and tested in vitro and in vivo. HKM was found to be degradation‐resistant, and a proteomics analysis showed it to be greater than 99% human keratin proteins. PCR revealed adult human epidermal keratinocytes (HEKa) grown in contact with HKM showed increased gene expression of keratinocyte activations markers such as Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF). Additionally, a cytokine microarray demonstrated culture on HKM increased the release of cytokines involved in wound inflammatory modulation by both HEKa cells and adult human dermal fibroblasts (HDFa). Finally, in a murine chronic wound model, full‐thickness wounds treated weekly with HKM were smaller through the healing process than those treated with human amniotic membrane (AM), bovine dermis (BD), or porcine decellularized small intestinal submucosa (SIS). HKM‐treated wounds also closed significantly faster than AM‐ and SIS‐treated wounds. These data suggest that HKM is an effective novel treatment for chronic wounds.
Waring identifiability for powers of forms via degenerations
Authors: Casarotti Alex , Postinghel Elisa 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe discuss an approach to the secant non‐defectivity of the varieties parametrising th powers of forms of degree . It employs a Terracini‐type argument along with certain degeneration arguments, some of which are based on toric geometry. This implies a result on the identifiability of the Waring decompositions of general forms of degree kd as a sum of th powers of degree forms, for which an upper bound on the Waring rank was proposed by Fröberg, Ottaviani and Shapiro.
Roughness Related to Cooling Performance of Channels Made Through Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Wildgoose Alexander J. , Thole Karen A. , Tuneskog Erika , Wang Lieke 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The complex surface morphology and multiscale surface features inherent in additively manufactured (AM) components contribute to the overall flow characteristics and heat transfer of cooling passages. As the AM process and cooling data in the literature continue to evolve, so does the need for more accurate heat transfer and pressure loss correlations for AM cooling schemes. This study improves the predictability of pressure loss and heat transfer for AM cooling passages by fabricating a range of coupons and investigating samples in the literature. Twenty-seven test coupons were manufactured using direct metal laser sintering in an assortment of build directions and build locations that produced a variety of surface morphologies. Nondestructive evaluation, computed tomography scanning, was used to quantify the surface morphology as well as capture the as-built geometric dimensions of the cooling schemes. The friction factor and bulk Nusselt number of the coupons were measured using an experimental rig. Pressure loss and heat transfer correlations in the literature were compared with the experimental results from the current coupons and datasets from the literature. Arithmetic mean roughness correlations in the literature struggled to predict the cooling performance of AM channels since the bulk roughness statistic did not capture the overall form of the surface morphology. A combination of root mean square roughness and skewness of the roughness was able to best predict pressure loss and heat transfer for the present samples and those in the literature while being independent of build location, build direction, material, machine, and laser parameters. The maximum absolute error was 25% and the average absolute error was 12% for the friction factor correlation. The maximum absolute error was 39% and the average absolute error was 8% for the Nusselt Number correlation.
Heat Transfer Coefficient and Adiabatic Effectiveness Measurements on a Nozzle Guide Vane With a Single Row of Cylindrical Holes
Authors: Galeotti S. , Bacci T. , Picchi A. , Facchini B. , Cubeda S. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Film-cooling injection significantly affects the thermal behavior of turbine vane surfaces. In addition to the beneficial effect of the film shielding the vane from the hot gas flow, alteration of the thermal boundary layer should also be taken into account. The aim of the present work is to detail the film-cooling performance in terms of adiabatic effectiveness and external heat transfer coefficient on a 2D nozzle guide vane. A single row of cylindrical holes was tested on both pressure and suction sides of a literature vane, the VKI LS89, in a linear cascade. The employed measurement technique is a transient thermal method based on infrared thermography, which was thoroughly described and validated in a previous work. The influence of inlet freestream turbulence and blowing ratio was evaluated, and two different injection angles were considered for both pressure and suction sides. Spatially resolved distributions of adiabatic effectiveness and heat transfer coefficient (HTC) on the vane surface allow us to precisely quantify the above-mentioned aspects and highlight qualitative differences between pressure side and suction side behavior. Details regarding the generated non-uniformities in the measured parameters could be also provided, to emphasize how average quantities are not always sufficient to characterize such complex phenomena. The impact of different reference conditions to scale HTC results was also investigated. Such effect was found not negligible on the overall performance of the film-cooling system, especially on the suction side where transition plays a critical role. Ultimately, the collected results constitute a wide and detailed experimental database for numerical modeling validation in a well-studied environment as the LS89 configuration.
Overview of Computational Methods to Predict Flutter in Aircraft
Authors: Antimirova Ekaterina , Jung Jiyoung , Zhang Zilan , Machuca Aaron , Gu Grace X. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Aeroelastic flutter is a dynamically complex phenomenon that has adverse and unstable effects on elastic structures. It is crucial to better predict the phenomenon of flutter within the scope of aircraft structures to improve the design of their wings. This review aims to establish fundamental guidelines for flutter analysis across subsonic, transonic, supersonic, and hypersonic flow regimes, providing a thorough overview of established analytical, numerical, and reduced-order models as applicable to each flow regime. The review will shed light on the limitations and missing components within the previous literature on these flow regimes by highlighting the challenges involved in simulating flutter. In addition, popular methods that employ the aforementioned analyses for optimizing wing structures under the effects of flutter—a subject currently garnering significant research attention—are also discussed. Our discussion offers new perspectives that encourage collaborative effort in the area of computational methods for flutter prediction and optimization.