bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highly sensitive RF sensor based on microstrip meander line for measuring microfluidics dielectric properties of alcohol–alcohol mixtures
Authors: Zou Huan , Wang Yiyun , Liu Xiaoqin , Wang Haiyang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this paper, a radio frequency sensor for measuring microfluidics dielectric properties is designed based on microstrip meander line. The meander sensor replaces the straight transmission lines with meander transmission lines in the part of the half-wavelength path difference to improve the sensitivity of the sensor and reduce its size. According to the experimental results, the meander sensor based on the meander line has higher accuracy and a lower relative error than the straight sensor in measuring methanol–ethanol mixtures with different molar fractions. The relative error measured by the meander sensor after calibration with an adjustable cavity is less than 1%. It is easier to detect the very slight variation in dielectric properties brought about by microfluidics. The detection technique can be further applied for the accurate detection of dielectric properties of valuable biological samples, providing a more concise and convenient way.
Impact of cereal rye cover crop on the fate of preemergence herbicides flumioxazin and pyroxasulfone and control of Amaranthus spp. in soybean
Authors: Nunes Jose , Arneson Nicholas J. , Wallace John , Gage Karla , Miller Eric , Lancaster Sarah , Mueller Thomas , Werle Rodrigo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPreemergence herbicides associated with cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) cover crop (hereafter “cereal rye”) can be an effective waterhemp [Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq.) Sauer.] and Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson) management strategy in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] production. Delaying cereal rye termination until soybean planting (planting green) optimizes biomass production and weed suppression but might further impact the fate of preemergence herbicides. Limited research is available on the fate of preemergence herbicides applied over living cereal rye in the planting green system. Field experiments were conducted in Illinois, Kansas, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin to evaluate the fate of flumioxazin and pyroxasulfone and Amaranthus spp. residual control under different cover crop management practices in soybean in 2021 and 2022 (8 site-years). A flumioxazin + pyroxasulfone herbicide premix was applied preemergence at soybean planting under no-till without cereal rye, cereal rye early terminated before soybean planting, and cereal rye terminated at soybean planting. Flumioxazin and pyroxasulfone concentrations in the soil were quantified at 0, 7, and 21 d after treatment (DAT), and Amaranthus spp. density was determined at postemergence herbicide application. The presence of cereal rye biomass intercepted flumioxazin and pyroxasulfone at preemergence application and reduced concentration in the soil when compared with no-till, mainly at 0 DAT. Main differences in herbicide concentration were observed between no-till and cereal rye treatments rather than cereal rye termination times. Despite reducing herbicide concentration in the soil, the presence of the cereal rye biomass did not affect early-season residual Amaranthus spp. control. The adoption of effective preemergence herbicides associated with a properly managed cereal rye cover crop is an effective option for integrated Amaranthus spp. management programs in soybean production systems.
Tropical Easterly Waves Over Costa Rica and Their Relationship to the Diurnal Cycle of Rainfall
Authors: Wiggins Rani M. , Lintner Benjamin R. , Serra Yolande L. , Durán‐Quesada Ana María , Garbanzo‐Salas Marcial , Hernández‐Deckers Daniel , Torri Giuseppe 
Published: October 2023

AbstractUsing an index of tropical easterly wave (TEW) activity derived from spacetime‐filtered outgoing longwave radiation, we construct composites of long‐term hourly surface meteorological observations and morningtime sounding data collected near San José, Costa Rica to investigate how TEWs affect the diurnal cycle of rainfall over land. Our results indicate that TEWs enhance the frequency of occurrence of rain during convectively active conditions over the course of the diurnal cycle. By contrast, rainfall conditional intensity sensitivity to TEW phase appears more nuanced, with indications that active conditions induce a slight delay in the timing of the diurnal peak intensity but a longer duration of heavier rainfall. Analysis of associated hourly surface meteorology along with sounding profiles and derived thermodynamic parameters points to both initial vertical and time‐evolving surface conditions regulating diurnal behavior, such as greater instability and higher precipitable water in morningtime profiles under active phase conditions.
Retrieval of Snow Depth on Arctic Sea Ice From Surface‐Based, Polarimetric, Dual‐Frequency Radar Altimetry
Authors: Willatt Rosemary , Stroeve Julienne C. , Nandan Vishnu , Newman Thomas , Mallett Robbie , Hendricks Stefan , Ricker Robert , Mead James , Itkin Polona , Tonboe Rasmus , Wagner David N. , Spreen Gunnar , Liston Glen , Schneebeli Martin , Krampe Daniela , Tsamados Michel , Demir Oguz , Wilkinson Jeremy , Jaggi Matthias , Zhou Lu , Huntemann Marcus , Raphael Ian A. , Jutila Arttu , Oggier Marc 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSnow depth on sea ice is an Essential Climate Variable and a major source of uncertainty in satellite altimetry‐derived sea ice thickness. During winter of the MOSAiC Expedition, the “KuKa” dual‐frequency, fully polarized Ku‐ and Ka‐band radar was deployed in “stare” nadir‐looking mode to investigate the possibility of combining these two frequencies to retrieve snow depth. Three approaches were investigated: dual‐frequency, dual‐polarization and waveform shape, and compared to independent snow depth measurements. Novel dual‐polarization approaches yielded r2 values up to 0.77. Mean snow depths agreed within 1 cm, even for data sub‐banded to CryoSat‐2 SIRAL and SARAL AltiKa bandwidths. Snow depths from co‐polarized dual‐frequency approaches were at least a factor of four too small and had a r2 0.15 or lower. r2 for waveform shape techniques reached 0.72 but depths were underestimated. Snow depth retrievals using polarimetric information or waveform shape may therefore be possible from airborne/satellite radar altimeters.
The Effect of Pressure‐Dependent Viscosity on the Dynamics of the Post‐Overturn Lunar Mantle
Authors: Zhang Wenbo , Zhang Nan , Liang Yan , Tokle Leif 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMare‐basalt volcanism is concentrated on the lunar nearside. A plausible explanation for this asymmetric distribution is long‐wavelength (spherical harmonic degree‐1) mantle convection driven by upwellings of the overturned ilmenite‐bearing magma ocean cumulates (IBCs). The pattern of lunar mantle convection depends in part on the rheological properties of ilmenite. This study explores the effect of pressure‐dependent ilmenite viscosity on the instability of an overturned IBC layer initially at the core‐mantle boundary and the pattern of lunar mantle convection through three‐dimensional numerical simulations. We show that the convective patterns are sensitive to the activation volume for viscous flow. An effective activation volume of 10 cm3/mol would reduce the internal convection in the overturned IBC layer and promote the hemispherical upwelling. However, when the activation volume is too small, vigorous convection in the overturned IBC layer would inhibit heat from concentrating on one hemisphere. When the activation volume is too large, the size of the upwelling plumes is restricted, preventing a stable long‐wavelength structure in the upper mantle. Decompression melting during asymmetric upwelling would produce the localization of mare basalts on the lunar surface.
A Comparison of a GNSS‐GIM and the IRI‐2020 Model Over China Under Different Ionospheric Conditions
Authors: He Rong , Li Min , Zhang Qiang , Zhao Qile 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe ionosphere is a crucial factor affecting Global Navigation Satellite System positioning. The Global Ionosphere Map (GIM) or the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) model can be used for regional ionospheric correction. Since southern China is located near the electron density equatorial anomaly, this study evaluates the performance of the Wuhan University GIM (WHU‐GIM) and the IRI‐2020 from 2008 to 2020 over the China region. The comparison indicates that the Total Electron Content (TEC) from IRI‐2020 is lower than that from WHU‐GIM overall, the discrepancy is more obvious in high solar conditions and low‐latitude regions. The differential Slant TEC (dSTEC) during a phase‐arc with about 0.1 TECU accuracy derived from Global Positioning System (GPS) observations is used for model validation, the results show that the accuracies of WHU‐GIM and IRI‐2020 are 3.14 and 4.57 TECU, respectively. The dSTEC error is larger at low latitudes and decreases with increasing latitude. GPS‐derived TEC is taken for reference to evaluate the model reliability. Results show that both models can reproduce the diurnal TEC variations, but IRI‐2020 is more influenced by geomagnetic activities. The TEC correction percentage for IRI‐2020 is about 60%–80% under different ionospheric conditions, while for WHU‐GIM is 80%–90%. The Single‐Frequency Precise Point Positioning is performed with the ionosphere delay corrected by the two models, respectively. The positioning errors show that using IRI‐2020 has a lower accuracy, and the TEC discrepancy of the IRI‐2020 can cause a large bias in the up direction, especially at low‐latitude regions.
Evidence of bisphosphonate-conjugated sitafloxacin eradication of established methicillin-resistant S. aureus infection with osseointegration in murine models of implant-associated osteomyelitis
Authors: Ren Youliang , Weeks Jason , Xue Thomas , Rainbolt Joshua , de Mesy Bentley Karen L. , Shu Ye , Liu Yuting , Masters Elysia , Cherian Philip , McKenna Charles E. , Neighbors Jeffrey , Ebetino Frank H. , Schwarz Edward M. , Sun Shuting , Xie Chao 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEradication of MRSA osteomyelitis requires elimination of distinct biofilms. To overcome this, we developed bisphosphonate-conjugated sitafloxacin (BCS, BV600072) and hydroxybisphosphonate-conjugate sitafloxacin (HBCS, BV63072), which achieve “target-and-release” drug delivery proximal to the bone infection and have prophylactic efficacy against MRSA static biofilm in vitro and in vivo. Here we evaluated their therapeutic efficacy in a murine 1-stage exchange femoral plate model with bioluminescent MRSA (USA300LAC::lux). Osteomyelitis was confirmed by CFU on the explants and longitudinal bioluminescent imaging (BLI) after debridement and implant exchange surgery on day 7, and mice were randomized into seven groups: 1) Baseline (harvested at day 7, no treatment); 2) HPBP (bisphosphonate control for BCS) + vancomycin; 3) HPHBP (hydroxybisphosphonate control for HBCS) + vancomycin; 4) vancomycin; 5) sitafloxacin; 6) BCS + vancomycin; and 7) HBCS + vancomycin. BLI confirmed infection persisted in all groups except for mice treated with BCS or HBCS + vancomycin. Radiology revealed catastrophic femur fractures in all groups except mice treated with BCS or HBCS + vancomycin, which also displayed decreases in peri-implant bone loss, osteoclast numbers, and biofilm. To confirm this, we assessed the efficacy of vancomycin, sitafloxacin, and HBCS monotherapy in a transtibial implant model. The results showed complete lack of vancomycin efficacy while all mice treated with HBCS had evidence of infection control, and some had evidence of osseous integrated septic implants, suggestive of biofilm eradication. Taken together these studies demonstrate that HBCS adjuvant with standard of care debridement and vancomycin therapy has the potential to eradicate MRSA osteomyelitis.
Macromolecular condensation buffers intracellular water potential
Authors: Watson Joseph L. , Seinkmane Estere , Styles Christine T. , Mihut Andrei , Krüger Lara K. , McNally Kerrie E. , Planelles-Herrero Vicente Jose , Dudek Michal , McCall Patrick M. , Barbiero Silvia , Vanden Oever Michael , Peak-Chew Sew Yeu , Porebski Benjamin T. , Zeng Aiwei , Rzechorzek Nina M. , Wong David C. S. , Beale Andrew D. , Stangherlin Alessandra , Riggi Margot , Iwasa Janet , Morf Jörg , Miliotis Christos , Guna Alina , Inglis Alison J. , Brugués Jan , Voorhees Rebecca M. , Chambers Joseph E. , Meng Qing-Jun , O’Neill John S. , Edgar Rachel S. , Derivery Emmanuel 
Published: October 2023

AbstractOptimum protein function and biochemical activity critically depends on water availability because solvent thermodynamics drive protein folding and macromolecular interactions1. Reciprocally, macromolecules restrict the movement of ‘structured’ water molecules within their hydration layers, reducing the available ‘free’ bulk solvent and therefore the total thermodynamic potential energy of water, or water potential. Here, within concentrated macromolecular solutions such as the cytosol, we found that modest changes in temperature greatly affect the water potential, and are counteracted by opposing changes in osmotic strength. This duality of temperature and osmotic strength enables simple manipulations of solvent thermodynamics to prevent cell death after extreme cold or heat shock. Physiologically, cells must sustain their activity against fluctuating temperature, pressure and osmotic strength, which impact water availability within seconds. Yet, established mechanisms of water homeostasis act over much slower timescales2,3; we therefore postulated the existence of a rapid compensatory response. We find that this function is performed by water potential-driven changes in macromolecular assembly, particularly biomolecular condensation of intrinsically disordered proteins. The formation and dissolution of biomolecular condensates liberates and captures free water, respectively, quickly counteracting thermal or osmotic perturbations of water potential, which is consequently robustly buffered in the cytoplasm. Our results indicate that biomolecular condensation constitutes an intrinsic biophysical feedback response that rapidly compensates for intracellular osmotic and thermal fluctuations. We suggest that preserving water availability within the concentrated cytosol is an overlooked evolutionary driver of protein (dis)order and function.
Thermodynamic studies of solute–solute and solute–solvent interactions in ternary aqueous systems containing {betaine + PEGDME250} and {betaine + K3PO4 or K2HPO4} at 298.15 K
Authors: Zafarani-Moattar Mohammed Taghi , Shekaari Hemayat , Asadollahi Soheila 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this work, to evaluate solute–solute, solute–solvent and phase separation in aqueous systems containing {betaine + poly ethylene glycol dimethyl ether with molar mass 250 g mol−1 (PEGDME250)}, {betaine + K3PO4} and {betaine + K2HPO4}, first water activity measurements were made at 298.15 K and atmospheric pressure using the isopiestic technique. The water iso-activity lines of these three systems were obtained which have positive deviations from the semi-ideal solutions. This suggests that betaine-polymer and betaine-K3PO4 or betaine-K2HPO4 interactions are unfavorable; and these mixtures may form aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs) at certain concentrations. Indeed the formation of ATPSs was observed experimentally. Then, osmotic coefficient values were calculated using the obtained water activity data; and, using the polynomial method the solute activity coefficients were determined. Using these activity coefficients, the transfer Gibbs energy ($$\Delta {G}_{tr}^{i}$$

Δ

G

tr

i

) values were calculated for the transfer of betaine from aqueous binary to ternary systems consisting polymer (PEGDME250) or salts (K3PO4 and K2HPO4). The obtained positive $$\Delta {G}_{tr}^{i}$$

Δ

G

tr

i

values again indicated that there is unfavorable interaction between betaine and these solutes. Finally, the volumetric and ultrasonic studies were made on these systems to examine the evidence for the nature of interactions between betaine and the studied salts or polymer.
Study on CNT/TPU cube under the 3D printing conditions of infill patterns and density
Authors: Jung Imjoo , Shin Eun Joo , Lee Sunhee 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this study, to develop soft pressure sensor applicable to wearable robots using stretchable polymers and conductive fillers, 3.25 wt% carbon nanotubes/thermoplastic polyurethane filament with shore 94 A were manufactured. Three infill densities (20%, 50%, and 80%) and patterns (zigzag (ZG), triangle (TR), honeycomb (HN)) were applied to print cubes via fused filament fabrication 3D printing. Most suitable infill conditions were confirmed based on the slicing images, morphologies, compressive properties, electrical properties, and electrical heating properties. For each infill pattern, ZG and TR divided the layers into lines and figures, and the layers were stacked by rotation. For HN, the same layers were stacked in a hexagonal pattern. Consequently, TR divided layer in various directions, showed the strongest compressive properties with toughness 1.99 J for of infill density 80%. Especially, the HN became tougher with increased infill density. Also, the HN laminated with the same layer showed excellent electrical properties, with results greater than 14.7 mA. The electrical heating properties confirmed that ZG and HN had the high layer density, which exhibited excellent heating characteristics. Therefore, it was confirmed that performance varies depending on the 3D printing direction, and it was confirmed that HN is suitable for manufacturing soft sensors.
Random forest method for estimation of brake specific fuel consumption
Authors: Yun Qinsheng , Wang Xiangjun , Yao Chen , Wang Haiyan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe internal combustion engine is a widely used power equipment in various fields, and its energy utilization is measured using brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC). BSFC map plays a crucial role in the analysis, optimization, and assessment of internal combustion engines. However, due to cost constraints, some values on the BSFC map are estimated using techniques like K-nearest neighbor, inverse distance weighted interpolation, and multi-layer perceptron, which are recognized for their limited accuracy, particularly when dealing with distributed sampled data. To address this, an improved random forest method is proposed for the estimation of BSFC. Polynomial features are employed to increase higher dimensions of features for random forest by nonlinear transformation, and critical parameters are optimized by particle swarm optimization algorithms. The performance of different methods was compared on two datasets to estimate 20%, 30%, and 40% of BSFC data, and the results reveal that the method proposed in this paper outperforms other common methods and is suitable for estimating the BSFC map.
Screening and validation of the optimal panel of reference genes in colonic epithelium and relative cancer cell lines
Authors: Hu Yang , Jiang Qi , Zhai Xiang , Liu Liang , Hong Yuntian 
Published: October 2023

AbstractReal-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) is the most common method to determine mRNA expression, and Minimum Information for Publication of RT-qPCR Experiments (MIQE) proposes that a panel of reference genes for RT-qPCR is conducive to obtaining accurate results. This study aimed to screen and verify the optimal panel of reference genes in colorectal cancer (CRC) and normal colonic cell lines. In the study, eight candidate reference genes (GAPDH, ACTB, 18S, PPIA, B2M, SDHA, GUSB, and YWHAZ) were selected for RT-qPCR to detect their expression in NCM460, HT29, HCT116, SW480, SW620, DLD-1, LOVO and RKO cell lines. The stability of reference genes and the optimal panel were evaluated by geNorm, NormFinder, and BestKeeper software. As results, the expression levels of candidate reference genes differed in the colonic epithelial cell lines, and the number of optimal panel of reference genes is two. B2M and YWHAZ were the two most stable reference genes for NCM460, HCT116, SW620, LOVO, and RKO cell lines, while only one of B2M and YWHAZ was most stable in HT29 and SW480 cells. In DLD-1 cells, the stability of B2M and YWHAZ ranked 3rd and 6th, PPIA and GUSB were the most stable two. Furthermore, the YWHZA + B2M performed smaller intragroup differences than other panel or single reference gene. In conclusion, this study indicates the optimal panel of reference genes is YWHZA + B2M for the NCM460, HCT116, SW620, LOVO, RKO, SW480, and HT29 cell lines, but it is PPIA + GUSB in DLD-1 cell lines.
Novel mechanism of the COVID-19 associated coagulopathy (CAC) and vascular thromboembolism
Authors: Singh Mahavir , Pushpakumar Sathnur , Zheng Yuting , Smolenkova Irina , Akinterinwa Oluwaseun E. , Luulay Bana , Tyagi Suresh C. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPrevious studies from our laboratory revealed that SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (SP) administration to a genetically engineered model expressing the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2; ACE2 receptor (i.e., hACE2 humanized mouse) mimicked the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pathology. In humans the cause of high morbidity, and mortality is due to ‘cytokine-storm’ led thromboembolism; however, the exact mechanisms of COVID-19 associated coagulopathy (CAC) have yet to be discovered. Current knowledge suggests that CAC is distinct from the standard coagulopathy, in that the intrinsic and extrinsic thrombin-dependent coagulation factors, and the pathway(s) that are common to coagulopathy, are not recruited by SARS-CoV-2. Findings from patients revealed that there is little change in their partial thromboplastin, or the prothrombin time coupled with a significant decline in platelets. Further, there appears to be an endothelial dysfunction during COVID-19 suggesting an interaction of the endothelia with immune cells including neutrophils. There are also reports that inflammatory NGAL is elevated during COVID-19. Furthermore, the levels of NPT are also increased indicating an increase in inflammatory M1 macrophage iNOS which sequesters BH4; an essential enzyme co-factor that acts as a potent antioxidant thus causing damage to endothelia. SARS-CoV-2 entry into the host cells is facilitated by a co-operative action between TMPRSS2 and the main ACE2 receptor. Interestingly, after infection ADAMTS13; a von Willebrand factor; VWF cleaving enzyme is found to be decreased. Based on these facts, we hypothesize that vascular thromboembolism is associated with serine and metalloproteinase, and in that context, we opine that inhibition of iNOS might help mitigate COVID-19 harmful effects. To test this hypothesis, we administered SP to the hACE2 mice that were subsequently treated with amino guanidine (AG; a potent inhibitor of glycoxidation, lipoxidation and oxidative vicious cycles). Our results revealed increase in TMPRSS2, and NGAL by SP but treatment with AG mitigated their levels. Similarly, levels of MMP-2, and -9 were increased; however, AG treatment normalized these levels. Our findings suggest that occurrence of CAC is influenced by TMPRSS2, ADAMTS13, NGAL and MMP- 2, and -9 factors, and an intervention with iNOS blocker helped mitigate the CAC condition in experimental settings.