bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of tea and coffee consumption with the risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality among individuals with metabolic syndrome: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Wu E , Bao Ying-Ying , Wei Guo-Fang , Wang Wei , Xu Hong-Quan , Chen Jia-Yin , Xu Ya-Nan , Han Dan , Tao Lin , Ni Jun-Tao 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
The relationship between tea and coffee consumption and mortality among patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS) remains barely explored. Herein, this study aimed to examine the association between tea and coffee consumption and the likelihood of all-cause and cause-specific mortality in patients with MetS.

Methods
A total of 118,872 participants with MetS at baseline from the UK Biobank cohort were included. Information on tea and coffee consumption was obtained during recruitment using a touchscreen questionnaire. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for mortality were determined using Cox proportional hazards models.

Results
During a median follow-up of 13.87 years, 13,666 deaths were recorded, with 5913, 3362, and 994 deaths from cancer, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and respiratory disease (RD), respectively. This research showed a significant inverse association between tea intake and the risk of all-cause and cancer mortality, the respective HRs (95% CI) for consuming tea 2 vs. 0 cup/day were 0.89 (0.84–0.95), and 0.91 (0.83–0.99), and tea intake ≥ 4 cups/day could reduce CVD mortality by 11% (HR 0.89; 95% CI 0.81–0.98). The U-shaped nonlinear association between coffee intake and all-cause/CVD mortality was examined (all p-nonlinear < 0.001). The HRs (95% CI) for coffee consumption 1 vs. 0 cup/day were 0.93 (0.89–0.98) and 0.89 (0.80–0.99), and for ≥ 4 vs. 0 cup/day were 1.05 (1.01–1.11) and 1.13 (1.03–1.25), respectively. Notably, the combined intake of tea and coffee presented a protective effect against all-cause mortality (HR < 1).

Conclusions
The importance of daily tea and moderate coffee consumption in individuals with MetS to optimise health benefits are highlighted.
Breast ductography: to do or not to do? A pictorial essay
Authors: Alikhassi Afsaneh , Curpen Belinda 
Published: November 2023

AbstractNipple discharge is a frequent breast disease clinical presentation. Although most cases of nipple discharge are physiologic, pathologic nipple discharge is not uncommon. Eight to 15% of pathological nipple discharge is associated with malignancy, requiring investigation. Some specialists believe that ductography is a challenging procedure that is better to be substituted by other methods, such as MRI. However, an experienced physician can perform ductography quickly and easily and still play an essential role in some clinical scenarios. Conventional imaging, such as mammography and sonography, commonly fails to detect the underlying causes of pathological nipple discharge. MRI has limitations of low specificity, cost, lengthy exam duration, accessibility, and patient factors such as claustrophobia. In addition, we can make a specific diagnosis and appropriate treatment by coupling ductography with other methods, such as ultrasound-guided or stereotactic biopsy. This study aims to present the ductography technique, possible findings, and the clinical settings where ductography is useful.Critical relevance statement Although ductography is currently less used in breast imaging, it still plays an essential role in some clinical scenarios. These clinical scenarios include pathological nipple discharge with negative conventional imaging, contraindicated MRI, unavailable MRI, unremarkable MRI results, and multiple MRI findings.Key points• Conventional imaging commonly fails to detect the underlying causes of pathological nipple discharge.• MRI in the setting of nipple discharge has some limitations.• Ductography still plays an essential role in some clinical scenarios.• Coupling ductography with other methods helps make a specific diagnosis.
Graphical Abstract
The Irish bTB eradication programme: combining stakeholder engagement and research-driven policy to tackle bovine tuberculosis
Authors: Ryan Eoin , Breslin Philip , O’Keeffe James , Byrne Andrew W. , Wrigley Karina , Barrett Damien 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA new Irish bovine tuberculosis (bTB) eradication strategy was launched in 2021. The strategy was formulated following extensive discussions with stakeholders, formal reviews of several aspects of the existing bTB policy and relevant inputs from the latest scientific research projects. A stakeholder discussion body, the TB Forum, had been established in 2018 and this continues under the new strategy, supported by three working groups (scientific, financial and implementation). The strategy sets out actions to address cattle-to-cattle and badger-to-cattle bTB transmission, along with actions to improve farm biosecurity and empower farmers to make their own choices to reduce bTB risk.Large scale vaccination of badgers has been rolled out under the new strategy, with over 20,000 km2 covered by the vaccination programme and 6,586 badgers captured in vaccination areas in 2021. Vaccination efforts have been complemented by intensive communications campaigns, including a web enabled software application (“app”) enabling farmers to report the location of badger setts.Cattle which test inconclusive to the tuberculin skin test have been re-tested using a gamma interferon blood test since April 2021, enabling truly infected cattle to be identified more effectively due to the higher sensitivity of this test. An enhanced oversight process has been put in place for herds experiencing extended or repeat bTB breakdowns. Whole genome sequencing is being used to investigate links between breakdowns, with the results supporting operational decision making in case management.Communications, including biosecurity advice, are co-designed with stakeholders, in order to improve their effectiveness. A programme involving veterinary practitioners providing tailored biosecurity bTB advice to their clients was established in 2021 and was rolled out nationally during 2022.A core element of the new strategy is the continual improvement of policies in response to changing bTB risks, informed by scientific research and then implemented with stakeholder consultation.
CIA-CVD: cloud based image analysis for COVID-19 vaccination distribution
Authors: Prasad Vivek Kumar , Dansana Debabrata , Patro S Gopal Krishna , Salau Ayodeji Olalekan , Yadav Divyang , Bhavsar Madhuri 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDue to the huge impact of COVID-19, the world is currently facing a medical emergency and shortage of vaccine. Many countries do not have enough medical equipment and infrastructure to tackle this challenge. Due to the lack of a central administration to guide the countries to take the necessary precautions, they do not proactively identify the cases in advance. This has caused Covid-19 cases to be on the increase, with the number of cases increasing at a geometric progression. Rapid testing, RT-PCR testing, and a CT-Scan/X-Ray of the chest are the primary procedures in identifying the covid-19 disease. Proper immunization is delivered on a priority basis based on the instances discovered in order to preserve human lives. In this research paper, we suggest a technique for identifying covid-19 positive cases and determine the most affected locations of covid-19 cases for vaccine distribution in order to limit the disease's impact. To handle the aforementioned issues, we propose a cloud based image analysis approach for using a COVID-19 vaccination distribution (CIA-CVD) model. The model uses a deep learning, machine learning, digital image processing and cloud solution to deal with the increasing cases of COVID-19 and its priority wise distribution of the vaccination.Graphical Abstract
Estimating antibiotics consumption in a tertiary care hospital in Islamabad using a WHO’s defined daily dose methodology
Authors: Jabeen Naila , Ullah Waseem , Khalid Javeria , Samad Zia 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundAntibiotics have helped to reduce the incidence of common infectious diseases in all modern healthcare systems, but improper use of antibiotics including their overuse and misuse can change the bacteria so much that antibiotics don’t work against them. In case of developing imposable selective pressure with regard to the proportion of hospitalized patients who receive antibiotics, the quantity of antibiotics that are prescribed to them, and the proportion of patients who receive antibiotic treatment is one of the major contributors to the rising global health issue of antimicrobial resistance. Concerning the levels of antibiotic consumption in Pakistani hospitals, there is negligible research data available.AimThis study aimed to evaluate five-year inpatient antibiotic use in a tertiary care hospital in Islamabad using the World Health Organization (WHO) Recommended Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) Classification / Defined Daily Dose (DDD) methodology.MethodIt was a descriptive study involving a retrospective record review of pharmacy records of antibiotics dispensed (amount in grams) to patients across different specialties of the hospital from January 2017 to December 2021 (i.e., 60 consecutive months). The antibiotic consumption was calculated by using the DDD/100-Bed Days (BDs) formula, and then relative percent change was estimated using Microsoft Excel 2021 edition.ResultA total of 148,483 (77%) patients who received antibiotics were included in the study out of 193,436 patients admitted in the hospital. Antibiotic consumption trends showed considerable fluctuations over a five-year period. It kept on declining irregularly from 2017 to 2019, inclined vigorously in 2020, and then suddenly dropped to the lowest DDD/100 BDs value (96.02) in the last year of the study. The overall percentage of encounters in which antibiotics were prescribed at tertiary care hospital was 77% which is very high compared to the WHO standard reference value (< 30%). WATCH group antibiotics were prescribed (76%) and consumed more within inpatient settings than Access (12%) and Reserve (12%) antibiotics.ConclusionThe hospital antibiotic consumption data is well maintained across different inpatient specialties but it is largely non-aligned with WHO AWaRe (Access-Watch-Reserve) antibiotics use and optimization during 2017–2021. Compared to the WHO standard reference figure, the overall percentage of antibiotics encountered was higher by about 47%. Antibiotic consumption trends vary with a slight increase in hospital occupancy rate, with positive relative changes being lower in number but higher in proportion than negative changes. Although the hospital antibiotics policy is in place but seems not to be followed with a high degree of adherence.
Protocols, policies and practices for antimicrobial stewardship in hospitalized patients in least-developed and low-income countries: a systematic review
Authors: Mzumara Grace Wezi , Mambiya Michael , Iroh Tam Pui-Ying 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
We aimed to identify interventions used to implement antimicrobial stewardship practices among hospitalized patients in least-developed countries.

Methods
The research team searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for studies of AMS interventions in the least developed and low-income countries, published between 2000 and 2023. Included studies had a population of hospitalized patients of all age groups in least-developed countries, implemented an AMS intervention, and reported its impact on prescription practices, clinical outcomes, or microbiological results. The risk of bias was assessed using the integrated quality criteria for review of multiple study designs. A total of 443 articles were identified, 386 articles were screened, 16 full-text papers were reviewed, and 10 studies were included in the analysis.

Results
The ten studies included three controlled before and after, two qualitative, one controlled interrupted time series, two non-controlled interrupted time series, one quasi-experimental study, and one randomized controlled trial. Three studies implemented either enabling, persuasive, or structural interventions respectively. The rest used bundled strategies, including a combination of persuasive, enabling, structural, and restrictive interventions. Bundled interventions using enabling and persuasive strategies were the most common. These involved creating a prescription guideline, training prescribers on updated methods, and subsequent review and feedback of patient files by members of an AMS team. Improved microbiological surveillance was important to most studies but, sustained improvement in appropriate prescriptions was dependent on enabling or persuasive efforts. Studies noted significant improvements in appropriate prescriptions and savings on the costs of antibiotics. None evaluated the impact of AMS on AMR.

Conclusion
AMS practices generally involve multiple strategies to improve prescription practices. In the setting of least-developed countries, enabling and persuasive interventions are popular AMS measures. However, measured outcomes are heterogeneous, and we suggest that further studies assessing the impact of AMS should report changes in AMR patterns (microbiological outcomes), patient length of stay and mortality (patient outcomes), and changes in prescription practices (prescription outcomes). Reporting on these as outcomes of AMS interventions could make it easier for policymakers to compare which interventions have desirable outcomes that can be generalized to similar settings.
Newly isolated Lactobacillus paracasei strain modulates lung immunity and improves the capacity to cope with influenza virus infection
Authors: Kim Seungil , Lee Sohyeon , Kim Tae-Young , Lee Su-Hyun , Seo Sang-Uk , Kweon Mi-Na 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
The modulation of immune responses by probiotics is crucial for local and systemic immunity. Recent studies have suggested a correlation between gut microbiota and lung immunity, known as the gut–lung axis. However, the evidence and mechanisms underlying this axis remain elusive.

Results
In this study, we screened various Lactobacillus (L.) strains for their ability to augment type I interferon (IFN-I) signaling using an IFN-α/β reporter cell line. We identified L. paracasei (MI29) from the feces of healthy volunteers, which showed enhanced IFN-I signaling in vitro. Oral administration of the MI29 strain to wild-type B6 mice for 2 weeks resulted in increased expression of IFN-stimulated genes and pro-inflammatory cytokines in the lungs. We found that MI29-treated mice had significantly increased numbers of CD11c+PDCA-1+ plasmacytoid dendritic cells and Ly6Chi monocytes in the lungs compared with control groups. Pre-treatment with MI29 for 2 weeks resulted in less weight loss and lower viral loads in the lung after a sub-lethal dose of influenza virus infection. Interestingly, IFNAR1−/− mice did not show enhanced viral resistance in response to oral MI29 administration. Furthermore, metabolic profiles of MI29-treated mice revealed changes in fatty acid metabolism, with MI29-derived fatty acids contributing to host defense in a Gpr40/120-dependent manner.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that the newly isolated MI29 strain can activate host defense immunity and prevent infections caused by the influenza virus through the gut–lung axis.
Effect of single intravenous injection of esketamine on postpartum depression after labor analgesia and potential mechanisms: a randomized, double-blinded controlled trial
Authors: Ling Bin , Zhu Yun , Yan Zelin , Chen Hao , Xu Hua , Wang Qi , Yu Wanyou , Wang Wei 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
The study was designed to investigate effects of single intravenous injection of esketamine on the incidence of postpartum depression (PPD) after labor analgesia and explore the potential mechanisms.

Methods
A total of 120 women who underwent labor analgesia by epidural analgesia pump were enrolled and divided into two groups randomly. Esketamine at a dose of 0.2 mg/kg was intravenously injected after fetal disengagement in the test group and placebo was administered in the control group. The occurrence of PPD and side effects after delivery were recorded. Some indicators related to stress and inflammation were measured before labor analgesia and at 24 h, 1 week, and 6 weeks after delivery in this study. Data were analyzed by independent t-test, repeated measures analysis of variance and Chi-square test in SPSS software (version 25.0). It was considered statistically significant since a p value less than 0.05.

Results
The incidence of PPD was significantly decreased both for one week and six weeks after delivery by using of esketamine (3.4% vs. 15.3%, p = 0.004 and 5.2% vs. 18.6%, p = 0.006, respectively). There were also significant differences between the stress and inflammation-related indicators in different time points in this study, while the side effects for 48 h after delivery were similar between the two groups.

Conclusions
Single intravenous injection of esketamine after delivery in participants underwent labor analgesia can decrease the occurrence of postpartum depression for one week and six weeks after delivery, while the side effects were not increased. The antidepressant effects of esketamine may be related to the reduction of stress response and inflammation.

Trial registration
The trial was registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry on 5/30/2022 (CTRI registration number—ChiCTR2200060387). URL of registry: https://www.chictr.org.cn/bin/home.
Grapevine bacterial communities display compartment-specific dynamics over space and time within the Central Valley of California
Authors: Swift Joel F. , Migicovsky Zoë , Trello Grace E. , Miller Allison J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundPlant organs (compartments) host distinct microbiota which shift in response to variation in both development and climate. Grapevines are woody perennial crops that are clonally propagated and cultivated across vast geographic areas, and as such, their microbial communities may also reflect site-specific influences. These site-specific influences along with microbial differences across sites compose ‘terroir’, the environmental influence on wine produced in a given region. Commercial grapevines are typically composed of a genetically distinct root (rootstock) grafted to a shoot system (scion) which adds an additional layer of complexity via genome-to-genome interactions.ResultsTo understand spatial and temporal patterns of bacterial diversity in grafted grapevines, we used 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing to quantify soil and compartment microbiota (berries, leaves, and roots) for grafted grapevines in commercial vineyards across three counties in the Central Valley of California over two successive growing seasons. Community composition revealed compartment-specific dynamics. Roots assembled site-specific bacterial communities that reflected rootstock genotype and environment influences, whereas bacterial communities of leaves and berries displayed associations with time.ConclusionsThese results provide further evidence of a microbial terroir within the grapevine root systems but also reveal that the microbiota of above-ground compartments are only weakly associated with the local soil microbiome in the Central Valley of California.
Risk assessment of aflatoxin B1 in herbal medicines and plant food supplements marketed in Malaysia using margin of exposure and RISK21 approaches
Authors: Ab Dullah Siti Soleha , Sabran Mohd Redzwan , Hasiah Ab Hamid , Abdullah Rozaini 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a mycotoxin produced by several species of Aspergillus fungi which can cause liver cancer in animals and humans. This study aims to perform the risk assessment of AFB1 in herbal medicines and plant food supplements (PFS) in Malaysian market. A total of 31 herbal medicines and PFS were purchased through online platforms and over the counter using a targeted sampling strategy. Of 31 samples analysed using the ELISA method, 25 (80.6%) were contaminated with AFB1 at levels ranged from 0.275 to 13.941 μg/kg. The Benchmark Dose Lower Confidence level of 10 (BMDL10) of 63.46 ng/kg bw/day and the estimated dietary intake of the adult population ranged from 0.006 to 10.456 ng/kg bw/day were used to calculate the Margin of Exposure (MOE). The MOEs for 24 (96%) out of the 25 positive samples were lower than 10,000. The RISK21 matrix revealed that AFB1 exposure levels from herbal medicines and PFS differed greatly over the world. The calculated population risk of acquiring liver cancer from AFB1 exposure ranged from 0 to 0.261 cancers/100,000 populations/year and accounted for an estimated percentage of liver cancer incidence ranged from 0.002 to 4.149%. This study revealed a moderate risk of liver cancer attributable to AFB1 from herbal medicine and PFS among Malaysian populations and emphasised an urgency for risk management actions.
Low-carbon economic multi-objective dispatch of integrated energy system considering the price fluctuation of natural gas and carbon emission accounting
Authors: Qin Minglei , Yang Yongbiao , Zhao Xianqiu , Xu Qingshan , Yuan Li 
Published: November 2023

AbstractNatural gas is the main energy source and carbon emission source of integrated energy systems (IES). In existing studies, the price of natural gas is generally fixed, and the impact of price fluctuation which may be brought by future liberalization of the terminal side of the natural gas market on the IES is rarely considered. This paper constructs a natural gas price fluctuation model based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) and Dynamic Bayesian networks (DBN) algorithms. It uses the improved epsilon constraint method and fuzzy multi-weight technology to solve the Pareto frontier set considering the system operation cost and carbon emission. The system operation cost is described using Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) to predict the stochastic output of the renewable energy source, and a penalty function based on the Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) model to describe the thermal comfort of the user. This is analyzed using the Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) algorithm. Carbon emissions are calculated using the carbon accounting method, and a ladder penalty mechanism is introduced to define the carbon trading price. Results of the comparison illustrate that the Pareto optimal solution tends to choose less carbon emission, electricity is more economical, and gas is less carbon-intensive in a small IES for end-users when the price of natural gas fluctuates. The impacts of various extents of natural gas price fluctuation for the same load are also discussed.
Research on fault tracing method of traction drive control system
Authors: Yin Jintian , He Zhilong , Liu Li , Shao Wu , Li Hui , Sun Dabing 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFault propagation is a common occurrence in traction drive control systems. The propagation of faults among components creates difficulties in traceability. Therefore, this paper focuses on the traction transmission control system and proposes a fault tracing method based on fault propagation. First, establish a fault propagation model that includes spatiotemporal characteristics. Then, extract the fault characteristics and the time it takes for faults to propagate at various observation points throughout system operation. Finally, match the spatiotemporal characteristics of the corresponding observation points in the fault propagation model, so as to determine the fault type and location, allowing for fault traceability. The proposed method’s feasibility is verified using a system example. The effectiveness of the proposed method in the traction drive control system was verified through system examples, which can meet the requirements of rapid fault tracing and is effective for weak faults.