bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Наскільки глибокий океан?
Authors: Maric Filip , Poto Margherita Paola , Panieri Giuliana , Peftieva Olena 
Published: November 2023

Фокусуємося на:
визначенні глибини океану за допомогою масштабу та фізичної культури.
Цілі навчання:З цими ДВОМА діяльностями учні почнуть розуміти (і відчувати), наскільки глибоким може бути океан порівняно з їхньою власною висотою та зростом. Вони отримають відчуття різниці між висотою (над землею) та глибиною (відносно води).
Ключові слова:
Висота, (океанічна) глибина
Під тиском
Authors: Maric Filip , Poto Margherita Paola , Panieri Giuliana , Peftieva Olena 
Published: November 2023

Фокусуємося на:
відчутті, як змінюється тиск води з глибиною.
Мета навчання:
У цій вправі учні відчують залежність між глибиною води та тиском. Учні зможуть поміркувати про те, як на форми життя в морських глибинах може вплинути високий тиск води в їхніх екосистемах.
Ключові слова:
Глибина, вага, тиск
Седиментація
Authors: Maric Filip , Poto Margherita Paola , Panieri Giuliana , Peftieva Olena 
Published: November 2023

Фокусуємося на:
розумінні ролі седиментації у створенні унікальних умов екосистем океанічного дна.
Мета навчання:
Завдяки цій вправі учні отримають базове розуміння того, як осади в океані опускаються на дно (седиментація) і як це виглядає.
Ключові слова:
Осади, осадові породи, теригенні, пелагічні
Infection Prevention Knowledge, Practice, and Its Associated Factors among Healthcare Providers in Eradah and Mental Health Complex Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Almehmadi Saud Jabr , Alhazme Meshal Ghaze , Dajani Muneef Homoud Al , Qattan Reem Mohammed , Al-Harbi Manal Fahd 
Published: November 2023

Aim: This review aims to provide a clear understanding of the current state of infection prevention measures in this particular healthcare setting by synthesizing the available evidence.
Study Design: It is a systematic review that includes some previous studies and literature that are discussing with an emphasis on the Eradah Mental Health Complex in Jeddah, this systematic review employs a rigorous research design to investigate healthcare personnel’ knowledge and practices related to infection prevention in mental health settings. A thorough examination of the topic is provided by the methodical synthesis of the body of available literature.
Results: The most important discoveries on the knowledge and practices of healthcare professionals in infection prevention in mental health settings are highlighted in this summary of the findings from the included research. The data are synthesized, combined and identifying patterns from several investigations. This summary not only identifies barriers to sustaining high compliance rates but also highlights elements that have a beneficial impact on infection prevention.
Discussion: The discussion also includes any gaps in the literature that were found throughout the process of the systematic review. A thorough summary of the state of infection prevention techniques in mental health settings is given by synthesizing the findings. The field’s recommendations for upcoming studies and interventions are influenced by this insightful information. The research enhances patient safety and the standard of care in mental health facilities, particularly the Eradah Mental Health Complex in Jeddah, by addressing these important components of infection prevention.
The Relationship between Nursing Burnout and Job Performance in Eradah Complex: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Ghubari Mahdi Hussain Al , Faqeeh Mazen Ali Al , Alsulami Khalf Falah , Alsulami Fahad Falah , Alsulami Awad Falah , Alzahrani Rashed Shakeer , Alawi Ali Thabet 
Published: November 2023

Aims: This study aims to examine the relationship between job burnout and practical performance among nursing staff in the Eradah Complex in Jeddah Region.
Study Design: A cross-sectional study design.
Place and Duration of Study: Registered nurses for this research were randomly selected, and the data were collected for one year, starting from August 2022 till July 2023.
Methodology: Data in this study were collected through the administration of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) as a standard inventory tool which was used to measure job burnout. as well as self-report questionnaire was used to measure practical performance. Questionnaires developed through MBI scale and self report survey forms were distributed among the participants to collect the data. Data reliability and statistical analyses using appropriate tests were done using the SPSS version 25.0 program.
Results: This study involved 219 registered nurses as participants from different age groups with a mean age of 37.23±11.23 years old and a predominantly male gender (72%); in this study, these study results showed that there was a significant difference between factors affecting nurses' job performance and feeling stressed and their monthly income (P-value 0.027), while there was no significant difference between age, gender, marital status, education level, job title, and experience years and actors affecting nurses' job performance and feeling stressed.
Conclusion: The existing evidence indicates that occupational fatigue might detrimentally affect practical performance. Job burnout can have a detrimental effect on practical performance as it can result in a decline in motivation and focus. A further manner in which job burnout can influence practical performance is through the manifestation of emotional tiredness. Nurses who are encountering job burnout may experience emotional exhaustion and a sense of being overwhelmed. This phenomenon has the potential to result in insufficiencies in personnel, hence exacerbating job burnout and diminishing practical performance.
Trends in Proportion of Medicare Part D Claims Subject to 340B Discounts, 2013-2020
Authors: Dickson Sean , Gabriel Nico , Hernandez Inmaculada 
Published: November 2023

ImportanceDespite controversy surrounding the 340B program, no study has analyzed trends in the proportion of Medicare Part D pharmacy claims eligible for 340B discounts.ObjectiveTo describe trends in the proportion of Medicare Part D claims that are prescribed by 340B-affiliated clinicians and filled in 340B pharmacies.Design and SettingThis longitudinal, retrospective cohort study included 2013 to 2020 claims data from a 5% random sample of Medicare Part D beneficiaries from the Centers for Medicare &amp;amp; Medicaid Services and 6292 nine-digit national drug codes that were used by at least 1000 Part D beneficiaries in a given year. Data analysis was completed from November 2022 to April 2023.Main Outcomes and MeasuresFor each drug and year, there were 3 outcomes: (1) proportion of total Part D claims that were prescribed by a 340B-affiliated clinician; (2) proportion of claims prescribed by a 340B-affiliated clinician that were filled in a 340B pharmacy; and (3) proportion of total Part D claims under the 340B program (ie, prescribed by a 340B-affiliated clinician and filled in a 340B pharmacy).ResultsThe proportion of prescriptions written by a 340B-affiliated clinician doubled from 9.4% in 2013 to 19.3% in 2020. The capture of 340B prescriptions by 340B pharmacies, defined as the proportion of claims prescribed by 340B-affiliated clinicians that were filled by 340B pharmacies, increased from 18.4% in 2013 to 49.9% in 2020. As a result, the total proportion of 340B claims in Part D increased from 1.7% in 2013 to 9.6% in 2020. Rates of 340B prescribing and capture increased consistently across therapeutic classes. In 2020, the antiviral therapeutic class was the class with the largest proportion of 340B claims (16.1%), followed by targeted antineoplastics (15.7%).Conclusions and RelevanceThis cohort study demonstrated that from 2013 to 2020, the share of Medicare Part D claims prescribed by a 340B-affiliated clinician increased; however, the rate at which 340B-eligible prescriptions were filled at 340B pharmacies increased at a faster rate, driving the overall increase in 340B claims. Despite these trends, only half of 340B-eligible prescriptions were subject to the 340B discount in 2020.
Educational Outcomes for Children at 7 to 9 Years of Age After Birth at 39 vs 40 to 42 Weeks’ Gestation
Authors: Hiscock Richard J. , Atkinson Jessica A. , Tong Stephen , Walker Susan P. , Kennedy Amber , Cheong Jeanie Y. L. , Quach Jon L. , Gurrin Lyle C. , Hastie Roxanne , Lindquist Anthea 
Published: November 2023

ImportanceBirth at 39 weeks’ gestation is common and thought to be safe for mother and neonate. However, findings of long-term outcomes for children born at this gestational age have been conflicting.ObjectiveTo evaluate the association of birth at 39 weeks’ gestation with childhood numeracy and literacy scores at ages 7 to 9 years compared with birth at 40 to 42 weeks’ gestation.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this Australian statewide, population-based cohort study using a causal inference framework based on target trial emulation, perinatal data on births between January 1, 2005, and December 31, 2011, were linked to educational outcomes at 7 to 9 years of age. Statistical analyses were performed from December 2022 to June 2023.ExposureBirth at 39 weeks’ gestation compared with birth at 40 to 42 weeks’ gestation.Main Outcomes and MeasuresNumeracy and literacy outcomes were assessed at 7 to 9 years of age using Australian National Assessment Program–Literacy and Numeracy data and defined by overall z score across 5 domains (grammar and punctuation, reading, writing, spelling, and numeracy). Multiple imputation and doubly robust inverse probability weighted regression adjustment were used to estimate population average causal effects.ResultsThe study population included 155 575 children. Of these children, 49 456 (31.8%; 24 952 boys [50.5%]) were born at 39 weeks’ gestation and were compared with 106 119 (68.2%; 52 083 boys [49.1%]) born at 40 to 42 weeks’ gestation. Birth at 39 weeks’ gestation was not associated with altered educational outcomes for children aged 7 to 9 years compared with their peers born at 40 to 42 weeks’ gestation (mean [SE] z score, 0.0008 [0.0019] vs –0.0031 [0.0038]; adjusted risk difference, −0.004 [95% CI, −0.015 to 0.007]). Each educational domain was investigated, and no significant difference was found in grammar and punctuation (risk difference [RD], −0.006 [95% CI, −0.016 to 0.005]), numeracy (RD, −0.009 [95% CI, −0.020 to 0.001]), spelling (RD, 0.001 [95% CI, −0.011 to 0.0013]), reading (RD, −0.008 [95% CI, −0.019 to 0.003]), or writing (RD, 0.006 [95% CI, −0.005 to 0.016]) scores for children born at 39 weeks’ gestation compared with those born at 40 to 42 weeks’ gestation. Birth at 39 weeks’ gestation also did not increase the risk of scoring below national minimum standards in any of the 5 tested domains.Conclusions and RelevanceUsing data from a statewide linkage study to emulate the results of a target randomized clinical trial, this study suggests that there is no evidence of an association of birth at 39 weeks’ gestation with numeracy and literacy outcomes for children aged 7 to 9 years.
Nuclear‐Targeted Nanostrategy Regulates Spatiotemporal Communication for Dual Antitumor Immunity
Authors: Wang Ben , Hu Zhi‐Chao , Chen Li‐Jie , Liang Hai‐Feng , Lu Hong‐Wei , Chen Qing , Liang Bing , Aji Abudula , Dong Jian , Tian Qi‐Wei , Jiang Li‐Bo , Xue Feng‐Feng 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntercellular communication between tumor cells and immune cells regulates tumor progression including positive communication with immune activation and negative communication with immune escape. An increasing number of methods are employed to suppress the dominant negative communication in tumors such as PD‐L1/PD‐1. However, how to effectively improve positive communication is still a challenge. In this study, a nuclear‐targeted photodynamic nanostrategy is developed to establish positive spatiotemporal communication, further activating dual antitumor immunity, namely innate and adaptative immunity. The mSiO2‐Ion@Ce6‐NLS nanoparticles (NPs) are designed, whose surface is modified by ionic liquid silicon (Ion) and nuclear localization signal peptide (NLS: PKKKRKV), and their pores are loaded with the photosensitizer hydrogen chloride e6 (Ce6). Ion‐modified NPs enhance intratumoral enrichment, and NLS‐modified NPs exhibit nuclear‐targeted characteristics to achieve nuclear‐targeted photodynamic therapy (nPDT). mSiO2‐Ion@Ce6‐NLS with nPDT facilitate the release of damaged double‐stranded DNA from tumor cells to activate macrophages via stimulator of interferon gene signaling and induce the immunogenic cell death of tumor cells to activate dendritic cells via “eat me” signals, ultimately leading to the recruitment of CD8+ T‐cells. This therapy effectively strengthens positive communication to reshape the dual antitumor immune microenvironment, further inducing long‐term immune memory, and eventually inhibiting tumor growth and recurrence.
NOX2 Enzyme Mimicking Nano‐Networks Regulate Tumor‐Associated Macrophages to Initiate Both Innate and Adaptive Immune Effects
Authors: Zhang Tingting , Yin Weimin , Zhao Yuge , Huang Li , Gu Jingjing , Zang Jie , Zheng Xiao , Chang Jiao , Sun Jiuyuan , Dong Haiqing , Li Yongyong , Li Yan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMacrophages, capable of both direct killing and antigen presentation, are crucial for the interplay between innate and adaptive immunity. However, strategies mainly focus on polarizing tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) to M1 phenotype, while overlooking the inefficient antigen cross‐presentation due to hyperactive hydrolytic protease within lysosomes which leads to antigen degradation. In light of the significant influence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on TAMs' polarization and the inhibition of phagosomal proteolysis, a novel nanosystem termed OVA‐Fe‐GA (OFG) is engineered, drawing inspiration from the NOX2 enzyme's role. OFG integrates ovalbumin (OVA) and a network composed of Fe‐gallic acid (GA), emulating the NOX2 enzyme's sequential ROS generation process (“O2 to O2•− to H2O2/•OH”). Furthermore, it elucidates a biological mechanism that augments antigen cross‐presentation by suppressing the expression of cysteine proteases. OFG restores the innate anti‐tumor functionality of TAMs and significantly amplifies their antigen cross‐presentation (4.5‐fold compared to the PBS control group) in B16‐OVA tumor‐bearing mice. Notably, the infiltration and activity of intratumoral CD8+ T cells are enhanced, indicating an adaptive immune response. Moreover, OFG exhibits excellent photothermal properties, thereby fostering a system antitumor immune response. This study provides a promising strategy for initiating both innate and adaptive immunity via TAMs activation.
Biomimetic Nanoarchitectonics with Chitosan Nanogels for Collaborative Induction of Ferroptosis and Anticancer Immunity for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Yang Ning , Pan Xiuhua , Zhou Xiawei , Liu Zengyi , Yang Jie , Zhang Jun , Jia Zengguang , Shen Qi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractImmunogenic cell death (ICD) shows promising therapeutic potential for tumor regression. However, the low sensitivity and immunosuppressive state of current cell death manners seriously impede tumor immunogenicity. Ferroptosis characterized by excessive lipid peroxidation, has emerged as a potential strategy to induce ICD and activate antitumor immune responses. However, the effectiveness of ferroptosis is limited by antioxidant regulatory networks, including the glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (FSP1) pathways, presenting challenges for its induction. Herein, they propose a novel approach that involves utilizing functionalized chitosan‐ferrocene‐sodium alginate (CFA) crosslinked nanogels, which are modified to pravastatin (PRV) and M1 macrophage membrane (MM) (designing as CFA/PRV@MM). Specifically, ferrocene boots intracellular reactive oxygen species levels for efficient glutathione (GSH) depletion through Fenton reaction, thus disrupting the GPX4/GSH axis, while PRV intervenes in the mevalonate pathway to inhibit the FSP1/CoQ10 antioxidant axis, thereby synergistically causing pronounced ferroptotic damage and promoting ICD. The CFA/PRV@MM nanogels demonstrate superior therapeutic efficacy in a mouse breast model, resulting in effective tumor ablation and immune response with minimal side effects. RNA transcription analysis reveals that nanogels can significantly affect metabolic progress, as well as immune activation. This research provides valuable insights into the design of ferroptosis induction for cancer immunotherapy.
Tandem Catalysis inside Double‐Shelled Nanocages with Separated and Tunable Atomic Catalyst Sites for High Performance Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Ren Longtao , Sun Kai , Wang Yan , Kumar Anuj , Liu Jun , Lu Xiwen , Zhao Yajun , Zhu Qingyi , Liu Wen , Xu Haijun , Sun Xiaoming 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSingle‐atomic catalysts are effective in mitigating the shuttling effect and slow redox kinetics of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) in lithium‐sulfur (Li‐S) batteries, but their ideal performance has yet to be achieved due to the multi‐step conversion of LiPSs requiring multifunctional active sites for tandem catalysis. Here double‐shelled nano‐cages (DSNCs) have been developed to address this challenge, featuring separated and tunable single‐atom sites as nano reactors that trigger tandem catalysis and promote the efficient electrochemical conversion of LiPSs. This enables high capacity and durable Li‐S batteries. The DSNCs, with inner Co‐N4 and outer Zn‐N4 sites (S/CoNC@ZnNC DSNCs), exhibit a high specific capacity of 1186 mAh g−1 at 1 C, along with a low capacity fading rate of 0.063% per cycle over 500 cycles. Even with a high sulfur loading (4.2 mg cm−2) and a low E/S ratio (6 µL mg−1), the cell displays excellent cycling stability. Moreover, the Li‐S pouch cells are capable of stable cycling for more than 160 cycles. These results demonstrate the feasibility of driving successive sulfur conversion reactions with separated active sites, and are expected to inspire further catalyst design for high performance Li−S batteries.
Decoupling the Trade‐Off Between the Photosignal and Photonoise in Upconversion Devices Through a Solution‐Processed Nickel Oxide Interconnecting Layer
Authors: Hu Yuanhong , Chen Lixiang , Li Hao , Jiang Haohong , Wang Ke , Li Ning , Zhang Qiaoming , Lei Yanlian 
Published: November 2023

AbstractNear‐infrared (NIR) to visible upconversion devices (UCDs) provide a viable and cost‐effective way for NIR visualization and pixel‐less imaging techniques. An excellent electrical connection between the NIR detection unit and the visible emission unit in the UCD is one of the prerequisites for achieving efficient upconversion performance. In this study, a low temperature‐ and solution‐processed nickel oxide (NiOx) interconnecting layer (ICL) with high hole mobility and favorable energy levels is demonstrated to decouple the trade‐off between photosignal and photonoise in the UCDs. The use of such a NiOx ICL suppresses intrinsic visible emission in the dark (photonoise) but enhances visible light output under NIR illumination (photosignal) by triggering an efficient charge injection in the UCDs. As a result, a hybrid UCD monolithically integrating an organic NIR photodetector and a visible quantum dot light‐emitting diode via the NiOx ICL achieves excellent performance, exhibiting an ultralow turn‐on voltage as low as 1.6 V, a high luminance close to 6.3 × 103 cd m−2, a wide operation voltage window up to 7.4 V, and a high contrast ratio reaching 5 × 104. The resulting UCD is also used for imaging demonstrations showing clear visible images of the NIR targets, which paves the way for practical applications.
Near‐Infrared Emission of Sm2+ in Oxynitrides
Authors: Lv Ying , Li Yunkai , Li Zhongyuan , Xie Rong‐Jun 
Published: November 2023

AbstractNear‐infrared (NIR) luminescent materials hold promising applications in NIR spectroscopy technologies, but the NIR emitters are largely limited to some transition metals with spin‐forbidden transitions that lead to low absorption efficiency of the pumping light. Exploring novel efficient NIR emitters is thus an urgent and challenging task for developing high‐efficiency NIR luminescent materials. Here, an interesting NIR emission of Sm2+ is reported in BaAlSi5O2N7, which exhibits both a line spectrum at 682 nm and a broadband centered at 778 nm with a full‐width at half maximum (FWHM) of 141 nm. Temperature‐dependent photoluminescence spectra and decay curves evidence that the thermally assisted electrons crossover (TAEC) process contributes to the enhancement of the broadband NIR emission. The fabricated NIR phosphor‐converted light‐emitting diode (pc‐LED) shows promising potential as a NIR lighting source and proves robust thermal stability under high‐temperature aging test. The present surprising NIR emission from Sm2+ in highly stable oxynitrides opens a way to explore efficient and reliable NIR phosphors that are suitable for commercial LED chips.
Urethral Microenvironment Adapted Sodium Alginate/Gelatin/Reduced Graphene Oxide Biomimetic Patch Improves Scarless Urethral Regeneration
Authors: Wang Liyang , Wang Kai , Yang Ming , Yang Xi , Li Danyang , Liu Meng , Niu Changmei , Zhao Weixin , Li Wenyao , Fu Qiang , Zhang Kaile 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe nasty urine microenvironment (UME) is an inherent obstacle that hinders urethral repair due to fibrosis and swelling of the oftentimes adopted hydrogel‐based biomaterials. Here, using reduced graphene oxide (rGO) along with double‐freeze‐drying to strengthen a 3D‐printed patch is reported to realize scarless urethral repair. The sodium alginate/gelatin/reduced graphene oxide (SA/Gel/rGO) biomaterial features tunable stiffness, degradation profile, and anti‐fibrosis performance. Interestingly, the 3D‐printed alginate‐containing composite scaffold is able to respond to Ca2+ present in the urine, leading to enhanced structural stability and strength as well as inhibiting swelling. The investigations present that the swelling behaviors, mechanical properties, and anti‐fibrosis efficacy of the SA/Gel/rGO patch can be modulated by varying the concentration of rGO. In particular, rGO in optimal concentration shows excellent cell viability, migration, and proliferation. In‐depth mechanistic studies reveal that the activation of cell proliferation and angiogenesis‐related proteins, along with inhibition of fibrosis‐related gene expressions, play an important role in scarless repair by the 3D‐printed SA/Gel/rGO patch via promoting urothelium growth, accelerating angiogenesis, and minimizing fibrosis in vivo. The proposed strategy has the potential of resolving the dilemma of necessary biomaterial stiffness and unwanted fibrosis in urethral repair.
Robotic Vectorial Field Alignment for Spin‐Based Quantum Sensors
Authors: Smith Joe A. , Zhang Dandan , Balram Krishna C. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDeveloping practical quantum technologies will require the exquisite manipulation of fragile systems in a robust and repeatable way. As quantum technologies move toward real world applications, from biological sensing to communication in space, increasing experimental complexity introduces constraints that can be alleviated by the introduction of new technologies. Robotics has shown tremendous progress in realizing increasingly smart, autonomous, and highly dexterous machines. Here, a robotic arm equipped with a magnet is demonstrated to sensitize an NV center quantum magnetometer in challenging conditions unachievable with standard techniques. Vector magnetic fields are generated with 1° angular and 0.1 mT amplitude accuracy and determine the orientation of a single stochastically‐aligned spin‐based sensor in a constrained physical environment. This work opens up the prospect of integrating robotics across many quantum degrees of freedom in constrained settings, allowing for increased prototyping speed, control, and robustness in quantum technology applications.