bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alkaline Metal Intercalates of VSe2 by Electrochemical Intercalation
Authors: Kannen Bastian , Rasche Bertold 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe report on the series of the alkali metal intercalates of VSe2 synthesised by electrochemical means in an aqueous environment. For all alkali metals we find water‐conintercalated structures (stage I and stage II), of which only the sodium structure had been reported so far. The new structures are analyzed by powder X‐ray diffraction and Rietveld refinement. Their (meta‐)stability is investigated in terms of the open circuit potential, revealing the sensitivity towards oxygen. Except for the lithium intercalate these structures transform into water‐free alkali metal intercalates under vacuum. In addition, scanning electron microscopy reveals the impact of different electrochemical intercalation techniques yielding different intercalation rates. This paves the way for future single crystal investigations.
Fermion geometry and the renormalization of the Standard Model Effective Field Theory
Authors: Assi Benoît , Helset Andreas , Manohar Aneesh V. , Pagès Julie , Shen Chia-Hsien 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The geometry of field space governs on-shell scattering amplitudes. We formulate a geometric description of effective field theories which extends previous results for scalars and gauge fields to fermions. The field-space geometry reorganizes and simplifies the computation of quantum loop corrections. Using this geometric framework, we calculate the fermion loop contributions to the renormalization group equations for bosonic operators in the Standard Model Effective Field Theory up to mass dimension eight.
The dynamics of zero modes in lattice gauge theory — difference between SU(2) and SU(3) in 4D
Authors: Asano Yuhma , Nishimura Jun 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The dynamics of zero modes in gauge theory is highly nontrivial due to its nonperturbative nature even in the case where the other modes can be treated perturbatively. One of the related issues concerns the possible instability of the trivial vacuum Aμ(x) = 0 due to the existence of nontrivial degenerate vacua known as “torons”. Here we investigate this issue for the 4D SU(2) and SU(3) pure Yang-Mills theories on the lattice by explicit Monte Carlo calculation of the Wilson loops and the Polyakov line at large β. While we confirm the leading 1/β predictions obtained around the trivial vacuum in both SU(2) and SU(3) cases, we find that the subleading term vanishes only logarithmically in the SU(2) case unlike the power-law decay in the SU(3) case. In fact, the 4D SU(2) case is marginal according to the criterion by Coste et al. Here we show that the trivial vacuum dominates in this case due to large fluctuations of the zero modes around it, thereby providing a clear understanding of the observed behaviors.
Relationships between intracranial arterial dolichoectasia and small vessel disease in patients with ischaemic stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Thiankhaw Kitti , Ozkan Hatice , Ambler Gareth , Werring David J. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Intracranial arterial dolichoectasia (IADE) is a common arterial finding of dilation, elongation, or both, affecting large intracranial vessels, and associated with vascular risk factors, including hypertension. Associations of IADE with neuroimaging cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) may be relevant for diagnosis and prognosis in patients with stroke. The study aimed to conduct an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies to investigate the relationships of IADE with well-defined CSVD markers in patients with ischaemic stroke.

Methods
We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, and Scopus for studies on IADE in ischaemic stroke patients with fulfilling predefined inclusion criteria. We pooled data to conduct a meta-analysis to compare the prevalence of SVD markers between patients with and without IADE groups using risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results
From 157 retrieved abstracts, we included six studies from seven publications comprising 6102 patients with ischaemic stroke. The mean age of patients was 52.8 years, and 3691 (60.5%) were male. IADE was diagnosed in 11.4% (95% CI 8.9–13.9) (761) of included patients; 51.8% (3160) had hypertension. Compared to patients without IADE, individuals diagnosed with IADE had a significantly increased prevalence of lacune (RR 1.67, 95% CI 1.36–2.06, P < 0.01, I2 = 0.00%), cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) (RR 2.56, 95% CI 1.53–4.28, P < 0.01, I2 = 84.95%) and white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) (RR 2.17, 95% CI 1.84–2.56, P < 0.01, I2 = 0.00%).

Conclusions
In patients with ischaemic stroke, IADE is associated with a higher prevalence of CSVD markers, including lacunes, CMBs, and WMHs. Further studies are needed to clarify the mechanisms underlying these associations and their potential relevance for the understanding, diagnosis, and treatment of CSVD.
Laparoscopic parastomal hernia repair: keyhole, Sugarbaker, sandwich, or hybrid technique with 3D mesh? An updated systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kritharides Nicos , Papaconstantinou Dimitrios , Kykalos Stylianos , Machairas Nikolaos , Schizas Dimitrios , Nikiteas Nikolaos I. , Dimitroulis Dimitrios 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Parastomal hernia is the most common complication after stoma formation with an incidence that approaches 50% at 2 years postoperatively. In the last decade, different approaches of minimally invasive procedures have been proposed for the treatment of parastomal hernia. Nevertheless, the superiority of one technique over the others remains still unclear. Our objective was to update and systematically analyze current state of research concerning the postoperative outcomes of the four most prevalent minimally invasive techniques.

Methods
A systematic literature search of three databases (Medline, Scopus, Google Scholar) was undertaken for articles published from January 2015 to November 2022. Fifteen studies from a previous meta-analysis on the topic were included.

Results
Thirty-three studies incorporating 1289 total patients were deemed eligible for inclusion in the final analysis. The keyhole technique was associated with the highest incidence of postoperative complications and recurrences (31.3% and 24.1%, respectively), followed by the Sugarbaker technique (27.6% and 9%, respectively). Operative time was among the lowest in patients operated with the 3D mesh technique, while patients undergoing the keyhole technique experienced the shortest cumulative length of hospital stay (6 days).

Conclusion
Each technique demonstrates a unique profile of effectiveness offset by the propensity towards developing postoperative complications. While no conclusive evidence on the optimal technique exist to date, newer minimally invasive techniques show promising results, albeit based on limited data. The future of parastomal hernia repair seems to rely on a highly individualized approach, tailored to the distinctive characteristics of both the hernia and the patient.
Robust numerical schemes for time delayed singularly perturbed parabolic problems with discontinuous convection and source terms
Authors: Priyadarshana S. , Mohapatra J. , Ramos H. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis article deals with two different numerical approaches for solving singularly perturbed parabolic problems with time delay and interior layers. In both approaches, the implicit Euler scheme is used for the time scale. In the first approach, the upwind scheme is used to deal with the spatial derivatives whereas in the second approach a hybrid scheme is used, comprising the midpoint upwind scheme and the central difference scheme at appropriate domains. Both schemes are applied on two different layer resolving meshes, namely a Shishkin mesh and a Bakhvalov–Shishkin mesh. Stability and error analysis are provided for both schemes. The comparison is made in terms of the maximum absolute errors, rates of convergence, and the computational time required. Numerical outputs are presented in the form of tables and graphs to illustrate the theoretical findings.
Towards standardising the collection of game statistics in Europe: a case study
Authors: Ruiz-Rodríguez Carmen , Blanco-Aguiar José A. , Gómez-Molina Azahara , Illanas Sonia , Fernández-López Javier , Acevedo Pelayo , Vicente Joaquín 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn order to monitor wildlife populations in a manner that supports policy makers and natural resource managers, data must be collected using frameworks and methodologies that allow for comparisons between projects and across time. Though hunting statistics may represent a reliable data source for monitoring population trends in game species, a standardised framework for collecting and analysing this data has never been established in Europe, even within countries. Here we describe a case study on the use of hunting statistics in Spain in order to (i) describe the variability in big game statistics collection frameworks across mainland regions of Spain and (ii) propose a minimum common denominator for a standardised approach at the country level. The main differences in methodologies identified are that each region collects different variables, uses different spatial and temporal resolution, and follows different methodologies. We described spatial patterns by grouping regions based on similarities in the hunting data collection system and identified socio-economic factors as a potential driver of differences in methodologies among regions. Hunting effort-related variables and improved temporal resolution (to the event level) must be incorporated in order to achieve country-level standardisation of methodologies. The use of application software to collect information from the field in a standardised way is recommended, which necessitates engaging stakeholders as part of the monitoring process. Applications software should be designed intentionally, and only after clear objectives for the monitoring program have been defined. Making hunting data open access will improve collaboration and information transfer to scientific and professional sectors. Our recommendations can be adapted to other European countries, which would make hunting data more useful for population monitoring and wildlife policy-making at large spatial scales. Initiatives such as the “European Wildlife Observatory” (www.wildlifeobservatory.org), a network of wildlife observation and monitoring points in Europe, may improve data exchange and standardise protocols, leading to better utilisation of hunting statistics for European wildlife population monitoring.
Hume’s liberalism based on Scottish jurisprudence
Authors: Nakamura Takafumi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study develops a view of Hume’s is/ought distinction as an extension of Scottish jurisprudence that, in turn, was influenced by Pufendorf’s discussion of entia moralia. Further, it investigates the unique role that Hume’s sentimentalism played in the production of elements in the context of liberalism under the rule of law, independently of previous philosophical traditions.First, we observe that Hume’s is/ought distinction corresponds to a distinction between uncivilized and civilized entities, rather than between amoral rationality and moral passions. Next, analyzing Hume’s argument for “moral evidence,” we find that such evidence is necessary for various activities, such as consent or trading, in the field of moral entities as civil societies. Finally, a study of Hume’s stance with respect to civil and common laws shows that his moral sentimentalism, which includes the is/ought distinction and moral evidence, suggests a new possibility for social development that is distinct from previous rational forms of jurisprudence. From this discussion, a unique sprout of modern liberalism can be seen in Hume’s theory of justice.
Some statistical problems involved in forecasting and estimating the spread of SARS-CoV-2 using Hawkes point processes and SEIR models
Authors: Schoenberg Frederic 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis article reviews some of the statistical issues involved with modeling SARS-CoV02 (Covid-19) in Los Angeles County, California, using Hawkes point process models and SEIR models. The two types of models are compared, and their pros and cons are discussed. We also discuss particular statistical decisions, such as where to place the upper limits on y-axes, and whether to use a Bayesian or frequentist version of the model, how to estimate seroprevalence, and fitting the density of transmission times in the Hawkes model.
Elites and health infrastructure improvements in industrializing regimes
Authors: Krieger Tommy 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe collect information about more than 5000 Prussian politicians, digitize administrative data on the provision of health-promoting public goods, and gather local-level information on workers’ movements to study why elites in industrializing countries implement policies that improve the health of the poor. Using county-level variation in elite structure, we present OLS and IV estimates, suggesting that elites improve access to health services due to pressure exerted by workers’ movements. By contrast, policies that prevent disease outbreaks are implemented without such pressure. Analyses of roll- call votes substantiate the findings of the county-level analysis.
Learning to bid and rank together in recommendation systems
Authors: Ji Geng , Jiang Wentao , Li Jiang , Fahid Fahmid Morshed , Chen Zhengxing , Li Yinghua , Xiao Jun , Bao Chongxi , Zhu Zheqing 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMany Internet applications adopt real-time bidding mechanisms to ensure different services (types of content) are shown to the users through fair competitions. The service offering the highest bid price gets the content slot to present a list of items in its candidate pool. Through user interactions with the recommended items, the service obtains the desired engagement activities. We propose a contextual-bandit framework to jointly optimize the price to bid for the slot and the order to rank its candidates for a given service in this type of recommendation systems. Our method can take as input any feature that describes the user and the candidates, including the outputs of other machine learning models. We train reinforcement learning policies using deep neural networks, and compute top-K Gaussian propensity scores to exclude the variance in the gradients caused by randomness unrelated to the reward. This setup further facilitates us to automatically find accurate reward functions that trade off between budget spending and user engagements. In online A/B experiments on two major services of Facebook Home Feed, Groups You Should Join and Friend Requests, our method statistically significantly boosted the number of groups joined by 14.7%, the number of friend requests accepted by 7.0%, and the number of daily active Facebook users by about 1 million, against strong hand-tuned baselines that have been iterated in production over years.
Word embeddings for retrieving tabular data from research publications
Authors: Berenguer Alberto , Mazón Jose-Norberto , Tomás David 
Published: November 2023

AbstractScientists face challenges when finding datasets related to their research problems due to the limitations of current dataset search engines. Existing tools for searching research datasets rely on publication content or metadata, do not considering the data contained in the publication in the form of tables. Moreover, scientists require more elaborate inputs and functionalities to retrieve different parts of an article, such as data presented in tables, based on their search purposes. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel approach to retrieve relevant tabular datasets from publications. The input of our system is a research problem stated as an abstract from a scientific paper, and the output is a set of relevant tables from publications that are related to the research problem. This approach aims to provide a better solution for scientists to find useful datasets that support them in addressing their research problems. To validate this approach, experiments were conducted using word embedding from different language models to calculate the semantic similarity between abstracts and tables. The results showed that contextual models significantly outperformed non-contextual models, especially when pre-trained with scientific data. Furthermore, the importance of context was found to be crucial for improving the results.
Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats Showed a Differential Glycine Receptor Expression in the Spinal Cord: A GlyR Role in Diabetic Neuropathy
Authors: Velázquez-Flores Miguel Ángel , Sánchez-Chávez Gustavo , Morales-Lázaro Sara L. , Ruiz Esparza-Garrido Ruth , Canizales-Ontiveros Alejandro , Salceda Rocío 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn the spinal cord, attenuation of the inhibitory action of glycine is related to an increase in both inflammatory and diabetic neuropathic pain; however, the glycine receptor involvement in diabetic neuropathy has not been reported. We determined the expression of the glycine receptor subunits (α1–α3 and β) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Long–Evans rats by qPCR and Western blot. The total mRNA and protein expression (whole spinal cord homogenate) of the α1, α3, and β subunits did not change during diabetes; however, the α2 subunit mRNA, but not the protein, was overexpressed 45 days after diabetes induction. By contrast, the synaptic expression of the α1 and α2 subunits decreased in all the studied stages of diabetes, but that of the α3 subunit increased on day 45 after diabetes induction. Intradermal capsaicin produced higher paw-licking behavior in the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats than in the control animals. In addition, the nocifensive response was higher at 45 days than at 20 days. During diabetes, the expression of the glycine receptor was altered in the spinal cord, which strongly suggests its involvement in diabetic neuropathy.
Critical Systems Heuristics: a Systematic Review
Authors: Hutcheson Matthew , Morton Alec , Blair Shona 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCritical systems heuristics (CSH) has been influential in the development of critical systems thinking. However, it is a relatively underutilised method compared with soft systems approaches such as soft systems methodology (SSM) and cognitive mapping. This may be in part due to the complexity of ideas underpinning CSH. Core ideas with which users must feel confident include boundary critique, coercion, emancipation, and “is” vs “ought to be” framings. These ideas were the subject of the early discourse surrounding CSH, which considered the role of boundary critique in systems research, the extent to which CSH could meaningfully address coercion, and the claims of CSH as an emancipatory approach. The purpose of this review is to provide clarity on these key concepts by reflecting on how they have been addressed in the CSH literature to date. We find that CSH has been applied in a range of problem contexts and is most frequently applied to address coercion or power asymmetries. CSH research is frequently associated with advocacy for marginalised groups, and we believe this is a natural extension of the methodological emancipation to which CSH aspires. In providing an overview of the key ideas underpinning CSH, we hope to lower the barrier to application for systems researchers and practitioners.
Comparison of Lattice Boltzmann and Boundary Element Methods for Stokes and Visco-Inertial Flow in a Two-Dimensional Porous Medium
Authors: Hassard Patrick , Turner Ian , Lester Daniel 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn porous media, limitations imposed by macroscale laws can be avoided with a dual-scale model, in which the pore-scale phenomena of interest are modelled directly over a large number of realisations. Such a model requires a robust, accurate and efficient pore-scale solver. We compare the boundary element method (BEM) and two variants of the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) as pore-scale solvers of 2D incompressible flow. The methods are run on a number of test cases and the performance of each simulation is assessed according to the mean velocity error and the computational runtime. Both the porous geometry (porosity, shape and complexity), and the Reynolds number (from Stokes to visco-inertial flow) are varied between the test cases. We find that, for Stokes flow, BEM provides the most efficient and accurate solution in simple geometries (with small boundary length) or when a large runtime is practical. In all other situations we consider, one of the variants of LBM performs best. We furthermore demonstrate that these findings also apply in a dual-scale model of Stokes flow through a locally-periodic medium.
Bryophytes in classification and ecology of calcareous beech forests in Central Slovakia
Authors: Širka Pavel , Ujházyová Mariana , Ujházy Karol 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTraditionally, calcareous beech forests were classified and differentiated according to vascular plants. Bryophytes were often omitted or not all substrates were sampled in relevés, and therefore, the role of bryophytes in plant community differentiation remained unclear. In this paper, we studied bryophyte species richness, composition and functional patterns in vegetation units differentiated by vascular plants. We analysed 45 phytosociological relevés from 400 m2 plots in Fagus sylvatica-dominated forests on dolomite bedrock in Central Slovakia. The most frequent among 59 moss and 8 liverwort species was Tortella tortuosa, followed by Hypnum cupressiforme, Brachytheciastrum velutinum and Ctenidium molluscum. Average richness of bryophytes was 8.1 compared to 38.7 species of vascular plants. Seven bryophyte species were significantly linked to a particular vegetation unit. One-way ANOVA showed no noticeable differences in bryophyte species richness between vegetation units. However, it was negatively affected by xericity and positively by cover of rocks on soil surface. CCA revealed that species composition was affected significantly by xericity, cover of bare rocks and cover of tree layer. Mat and turf life forms prevailed, and both long-lived taxa/perennials and short-lived colonists formed the bryophyte layer. Observed bryophyte species grew mostly on rock, living and dead wood, and only minority of them on soil. Therefore, available substrates greatly contributed to the species richness of bryophytes and total plant diversity of the forest community. A complete investigation of substrates is necessary to assess the drivers of bryophyte species distribution and diversity, and their role in classification of calcareous beech forests.