bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Falling Short of Clinical Recommendations: Low Uptake of the Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Among Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men in Ontario, Canada—Results from the Ontario Gay Men’s Health Survey
Authors: MacPherson Paul , Razmjou Sahar , O’Byrne Patrick 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Despite the high prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and incidence of associated anal cancer among men who have sex with men (MSM) and the recommendation that all MSM in Canada receive the HPV vaccine, uptake of the vaccine remains low. The objective of this study was to identify correlates of HPV vaccination among MSM to expose gaps and better inform vaccination strategies and policies.

Methods
Data were collected from an anonymous, online, self-administered survey of MSM in Ontario, Canada’s most populous province. Participants were recruited by network and snowball sampling from June 2018 to March 2019.

Results
Of 1788 survey respondents, only 27.3% reported having received the HPV vaccine. Those who were vaccinated tended to be ≤ 30 years of age, live in an urban center, have more sexual partners, and more frequently access sexual health services. Having a primary care provider was not associated with HPV vaccination.

Conclusion
These data mandate increased efforts to deliver the HPV vaccine to MSM.

Policy Implications
Our data suggest at least four areas for policy reform to help increase HPV vaccine uptake among MSM. First, public funding of the HPV vaccine should be aligned with clinical recommendations and the vaccine should be available free of charge to MSM irrespective of age. Second, sexual health clinics, as clinics of choice for sexual minorities, should be supported and the HPV vaccine should be bundled with other sexual health services. Third, innovative strategies should be developed and funded to better deliver the HPV vaccine to older MSM and those living in rural areas. Finally, policymakers must remember the MSM population is diverse, and data acquired from MSM living in large metropolitan centers should not be the sole source of information used to inform health policies for this population. More awareness of and data from men living outside urban settings is needed.
Surface Ocean Cooling in the Eocene North Atlantic Coincides With Declining Atmospheric CO2
Authors: Inglis Gordon N. , Bhatia Rehemat , Evans David , Zhu Jiang , Müller Wolfgang , Mattey David , Thornalley David J. R. , Stockey Richard G. , Wade Bridget S. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe Eocene (56–34 million years ago) is characterized by declining sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the low latitudes (∼4°C) and high southern latitudes (∼8–11°C), in accord with decreasing CO2 estimates. However, in the mid‐to‐high northern latitudes there is no evidence for surface water cooling, suggesting thermal decoupling between northern and southern hemispheres and additional non‐CO2 controls. To explore this further, we present a multi‐proxy (Mg/Ca, δ18O, TEX86) SST record from Bass River in the western North Atlantic. Our compiled multi‐proxy SST record confirms a net decline in SSTs (∼4°C) between the early Eocene Climatic Optimum (53.3–49.1 Ma) and mid‐Eocene (∼44–41 Ma), supporting declining atmospheric CO2 as the primary mechanism of Eocene cooling. However, from the mid‐Eocene onwards, east‐west North Atlantic temperature gradients exhibit different trends, which we attribute to incursion of warmer waters into the eastern North Atlantic and inception of Northern Component Water across the early‐middle Eocene transition.
A Flat‐Lying Transitional Free Gas to Gas Hydrate System in a Sand Layer in the Qiongdongnan Basin of the South China Sea
Authors: Kuang Zenggui , Cook Ann , Ren Jinfeng , Deng Wei , Cao Yuncheng , Cai Huimin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMost marine gas hydrate systems follow a vertical pattern with hydrate overlying free gas. Here we document the discovery of a gas to hydrate system in a horizontal sand layer in the Qiongdongnan Basin of the South China Sea. Eight wells were drilled by the Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey in 2021–2022 to investigate the occurrence and mechanisms responsible for the formation of the system. We describe a free gas‐bearing sand reservoir at the center of the system sustained by advecting hot fluids and gas; away from the advecting zone, the cooler, surrounding sand reservoir is filled with hydrate. Observations at this site show that advective heat has a large control on hydrate formation in sands and may be a key mechanism which allows gas migration within the hydrate stability zone and the formation of high‐saturation hydrate in sand layers.
Juno Plasma Wave Observations at Europa
Authors: Kurth W. S. , Wilkinson D. R. , Hospodarsky G. B. , Santolík O. , Averkamp T. F. , Sulaiman A. H. , Menietti J. D. , Connerney J. E. P. , Allegrini F. , Mauk B. H. , Bolton S. J. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractJuno passed by Europa at an altitude of 355 km on 29 September, day 272, 2022. As one of Juno's in situ science instruments, the Waves instrument obtained observations of plasma waves that are essential contributors to Europa's interaction with its environment. Juno observed chorus, a band at the upper hybrid frequency providing the local plasma density, and electrostatic solitary structures in the wake. In addition, impulses due to micron‐sized dust impacts on Juno were recorded with a local maximum very close to Europa. The peak electron density near Europa was ∼330 cm−3 while the surrounding magnetospheric density was in the range of 50–150 cm−3. There was a significant separation between the Europa flyby and Juno's crossing of Jupiter's magnetic equator, enabling a unique identification of effects associated with the moon as opposed to magnetospheric phenomena normally occurring at the magnetic equator near 10 Jovian radii.
Chemical Impact of Stratospheric Alumina Particle Injection for Solar Radiation Modification and Related Uncertainties
Authors: Vattioni Sandro , Luo Beiping , Feinberg Aryeh , Stenke Andrea , Vockenhuber Christof , Weber Rahel , Dykema John A. , Krieger Ulrich K. , Ammann Markus , Keutsch Frank , Peter Thomas , Chiodo Gabriel 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCompared to stratospheric SO2 injection for climate intervention, alumina particle injection could reduce stratospheric warming and associated adverse impacts. However, heterogeneous chemistry on alumina particles, especially chlorine activation via , is poorly constrained under stratospheric conditions, such as low temperature and humidity. This study quantifies the uncertainty in modeling the ozone response to alumina injection. We show that extrapolating the limited experimental data for ClONO2 + HCl to stratospheric conditions leads to uncertainties in heterogeneous reaction rates of almost two orders of magnitude. Implementation of injection of 5 Mt/yr of particles with 240 nm radius in an aerosol‐chemistry‐climate model shows that resulting global total ozone depletions range between negligible and as large as 9%, that is more than twice the loss caused by chlorofluorocarbons, depending on assumptions on the degree of dissociation and interaction of the acids HCl, HNO3, and H2SO4 on the alumina surface.
Southward Shift and Intensification of the Intertropical Convergence Zone in the North Pacific Across the Mid‐Pleistocene Transition
Authors: Wang Xingxing , Wang Yue , Dyez Kelsey A. , Ravelo A. Christina , Sun Chunxiao , Liu Fenghao , Jiang Xiaoying , Jian Zhimin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe Hadley Circulation and associated westerlies strengthened and moved equatorward across the mid‐Pleistocene transition (MPT). However, the evolution of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) is still elusive due to the scarcity of long‐term hydrological records from regions sensitive to the ITCZ change. Here, high‐resolution sea surface salinity estimates derived from surface‐dwelling planktic foraminiferal δ18O and Mg/Ca in Ocean Drilling Program Site 871 reveal a long‐term freshening trend in the central equatorial Pacific across the MPT. We attribute this secular reorganization of the precipitation‐evaporation balance to the gradual southward migration and intensification of ITCZ in the North Pacific. It is inferred that the long‐term evolution of the ITCZ was modulated by the increased meridional sea surface temperature gradients and the enhancements of trade winds across the MPT.
A Granitic Mylonite Is Strongest Parallel to Lineation in a High‐Temperature Plastic Field
Authors: Shao Tongbin , Wang Xiaoning , Li Jianfeng , Zhou Yongsheng , Song Maoshuang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe effects of preexisting fabrics on the flow laws and anisotropic deformation of rocks require further study. We conducted triaxial compression experiments on a granitic mylonite parallel to lineation (X), perpendicular to lineation and parallel to foliation (Y), and perpendicular to foliation (Z) under a pressure of 300 MPa, temperatures of 800–1,000°C, and strain rates of ∼2.5 × 10−6–10−4 s−1 using a Paterson gas‐medium apparatus. The low stress exponent (n = 1.9–5.8), high activation energy (Q = 325–802 kJ/mol), and macrostructures (distributed for most samples) and microstructures (such as kinked, folded and elongated biotite, elongated quartz and feldspar, microcracks within quartz and feldspar, and melt wetting and dissolution of quartz and feldspar) suggest that the deformation is dominated by dislocation creep, along with brittle regime at ≤∼850°C and likely diffusion creep at ≥900°C. Dehydration melting of biotite causes more obvious melt wetting of quartz and feldspar boundaries, lower n values at ≥950°C, and the maximum changes in n and Q along the Z‐direction, since the biotite alignment defines the foliation. Under the same conditions, the X‐direction samples consistently display the greatest strengths, which would have been for the Z‐direction samples as reported previously, and most obvious deformation localization, mainly due to the alignment of the elongated quartz and feldspar along this direction. Microcracks always occur in quartz but are tensile when compressed perpendicular to the foliation plane and compressively sheared when shortened parallel to the foliation plane. These tensile microcracks further weaken the rock samples with axes perpendicular to foliation.
Unraveling the Fate of Impacted Ice Particles and the Consequences for Plume Fly‐Through Missions
Authors: Scott Valerie , Jiang Hao , Li Bo , Burke Sally E. , Miller Morgan E. C. , Continetti Robert E. , Hofmann Amy E. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPlanetary exploration mission concepts that include flying directly through material for collection and/or analysis are becoming increasingly common, with Enceladus water ice particles offering a particularly high‐value target. Despite this interest, understanding and predicting what happens to ice samples upon impacting a surface at the high‐ and hyper‐velocities expected for these missions remains a critical knowledge gap. We describe a set of custom simulations using the Hot Optimal Transportation Meshfree method that was implemented to better understand ice impacts. We then compare the simulations with relevant experimental results from the Aerosol Impact Spectrometer. These simulations and experiments illustrate the complex relationship between different energy dissipation mechanisms and how they affect the fate of the particle. These results highlight the importance of understanding the implications of this complex physics on successful sample collection and transfer in order to achieve the scientific goals of the mission.
Physical adversarial attack in artificial intelligence of things
Authors: Ma Xin , Yang Kai , Zhang Chuanzhen , Li Hualing , Zheng Xin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWith the continuous development of wireless communication and artificial intelligence technology, Internet of Things (IoT) technology has made great progress. Deep learning methods are currently used in IoT technology, but deep neural networks (DNNs) are notoriously susceptible to adversarial examples, and subtle pixel changes to images can result in incorrect recognition results from DNNs. In the real‐world application, the patches generated by the recent physical attack methods are larger or less realistic and easily detectable. To address this problem, a Generative Adversarial Network based on Visual attention model and Style transfer network (GAN‐VS) is proposed, which reduces the patch area and makes the patch more natural and less noticeable. A visual attention model combined with generative adversarial network is introduced to detect the critical regions of image recognition, and only generate patches within the critical regions to reduce patch area and improve attack efficiency. For any type of seed patch, an adversarial patch can be generated with a high degree of stylistic and content similarity to the attacked image by generative adversarial network and style transfer network. Experimental evaluation shows that the proposed GAN‐VS has good camouflage and outperforms state‐of‐the‐art adversarial patch attack methods.
Collaborative operation optimization of distribution system and virtual power plants using multi‐agent deep reinforcement learning with parameter‐sharing mechanism
Authors: Sun Zhonghao , Lu Tianguang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWith the increasing integration of distributed energy resources (DERs) into distribution systems, the optimization of system operation has become complex, facing challenges such as inadequate consideration of market participants’ benefits, poor computational efficiency, and data privacy concerns. This paper introduces the concept of a virtual power plant (VPP) as a solution for energy integration and management. To strike a balance between operational safety and the interests of market participants, a dual‐layer model is proposed. This model considers the benefits of both Distribution System Operators (DSO) and VPP, while also enhancing the consideration of distribution network constraints. The DSO considers AC optimal power flow and utilizes penalty functions to ensure network security in case of violations. To enhance computational efficiency and privacy, the paper presents the parameter‐sharing twin delayed deep deterministic policy gradient approach. This approach allows multiple intelligent agents to share a neural network model, effectively reducing the computational load. During the training process, only essential data is exchanged among the agents, ensuring the privacy of sensitive information. The effectiveness of the proposed model and the algorithm is validated through a case study on an IEEE 33‐node system.
Close accord on partial discharge diagnosis during voltage harmonics in electric motors fed by variable frequency drives
Authors: Hassan Waqar , Akmal Muhammad , Hussain Ghulam Amjad , Raza Ali , Shafiq Muhammad 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPartial discharge (PD) diagnostics test is a reliable solution for estimating insulation health conditions in power system components. During laboratory PD diagnostics, the effect of harmonic components in the voltage waveform generated by variable frequency drives (VFD) fed electric motors (EMs) is often overlooked. As VFD‐fed EMs operate at low speeds, the harmonic concentration in the voltage increases. It has been found that PD activity in VFD‐fed EM is significantly affected by the addition of harmonic components in the voltage, thus making it necessary to consider their impact when performing true PD diagnostics. This paper investigates the influence of voltage harmonic distortion produced in VFD‐fed EM on PD severity and the subsequent insulation degradation. Eight VFD‐fed EM are used to study the PD behaviour under different levels of harmonic pollution. The PD characteristics, such as inception voltage, pulse repetition rate, accumulated apparent charge, average discharge current, discharge power, and quadratic rate, are determined. Using probability distribution functions, PD activity and severity at various voltage harmonic levels are estimated. The proposed technique can be used to plan the maintenance activities that ensure the reliability for industrial applications dealing with the voltage harmonic distortion.
Generalizable stereo depth estimation with masked image modelling
Authors: Tukra Samyakh , Xu Haozheng , Xu Chi , Giannarou Stamatia 
Published: December 2023

AbstractGeneralizable and accurate stereo depth estimation is vital for 3D reconstruction, especially in surgery. Supervised learning methods obtain best performance however, limited ground truth data for surgical scenes limits generalizability. Self‐supervised methods don't need ground truth, but suffer from scale ambiguity and incorrect disparity prediction due to inconsistency of photometric loss. This work proposes a two‐phase training procedure that is generalizable and retains the high performance of supervised methods. It entails: (1) performing self‐supervised representation learning of left and right views via masked image modelling (MIM) to learn generalizable semantic stereo features (2) utilizing the MIM pre‐trained model to learn robust depth representation via supervised learning for disparity estimation on synthetic data only. To improve stereo representations learnt via MIM, perceptual loss terms are introduced, which improve the model's stereo representations learnt by explicitly encouraging the learning of higher scene‐level features. Qualitative and quantitative performance evaluation on surgical and natural scenes shows that the approach achieves sub‐millimetre accuracy and lowest errors respectively, setting a new state‐of‐the‐art. Despite not training on surgical nor natural scene data for disparity estimation.
Magneto‐electric dipole antenna array for 77 GHz automotive radar
Authors: Bu Dinuo , Qu Shi‐Wei 
Published: December 2023

AbstractA 1 × 4 magneto‐electric dipole (ME dipole) antenna array for 77 GHz automotive radar is proposed. The ME dipole is fed by a fork‐shaped microstrip line coupling through a dog‐bone slot. To meet the requirements aimed at automotive radar applications, the beamwidths of the proposed antenna are well‐designed. Specially, a method of adding passive elements on both sides of the array is proposed to increase the 3 dB beamwidth from ±34° to ±52° in azimuth. Additionally, in elevation, a 3 dB beamwidth of ±10° is achieved by designing the spacing between array elements. Moreover, based on low‐loss printed circuit board substrates, radiation efficiency of the proposed array can reach approximately 90% at 77 GHz. Furthermore, a 4 × 4 array is established by arranging four 1 × 4 subarrays spacing 1.95 mm (half a free‐space wavelength at 77 GHz) to study the interactions between subarrays for multiple input multiple output scenarios. A 1 × 4 and a 4 × 4 antenna prototypes are fabricated and measured to validate the correctness of this design. The results show that the proposed antenna is an eligible candidate for the medium‐ and short‐range automotive radars.
The dispersion measure contributions of the cosmic web
Authors: Walker Charles R. H. , Spitler Laura G. , Ma Yin-Zhe , Cheng Cheng , Artale Maria Celeste , Hummels Cameron B. 
Published: December 2023

Context. The large-scale distribution of baryons, commonly referred to as the cosmic web, is sensitive to gravitational collapse, mergers, and galactic feedback processes, and its large-scale structure (LSS) can be classified as halos, filaments, and voids. Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are extragalactic transient radio sources that undergo dispersion along their propagation paths. These systems provide insight into ionised matter along their sightlines by virtue of their dispersion measures (DMs), and have been investigated as probes of the LSS baryon fraction, the diffuse baryon distribution, and of cosmological parameters. Such efforts are highly complementary to the study of intergalactic medium (IGM) through X-ray observations, the Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect, and galaxy populations.
Aims. We use the cosmological simulation IllustrisTNG to study FRB DMs accumulated while traversing different types of LSS.
Methods. We combined methods for deriving electron density, classifying LSS, and tracing FRB sightlines through TNG300-1. We identified halos, filaments, voids, and collapsed structures along randomly selected sightlines, and calculated their DM contributions.
Results. We present a comprehensive analysis of the redshift-evolving cosmological DM components of the cosmic web. We find that the filamentary contribution to DM dominates, increasing from ∼71% to ∼80% on average for FRBs originating at z = 0.1 versus z = 5, while the halo contribution falls, and the void contribution remains consistent to within ∼1%. The majority of DM variance between sightlines originates from halo and filamentary environments, potentially making void-only sightlines more precise probes of cosmological parameters. We find that, on average, an FRB originating at z = 1 will intersect ∼1.8 foreground collapsed structures of any mass, with this value increasing to ∼12.4 structures for an FRB originating at z = 5. The measured impact parameters between our sightlines and TNG structures of any mass appear consistent with those reported for likely galaxy-intersecting FRBs. However, we measure lower average accumulated DMs from these structures than the ∼90 pc cm−3 DM excesses reported for these literature FRBs, indicating that some of this DM may arise from beyond the structures themselves.
Prediction of Preterm Delivery Using Serum Ischemia Modified Albumin, Biglycan, and Decorin Levels in Women with Threatened Preterm Labor
Authors: Biyik Ismail , Soysal Cenk , Ince Ozlem Ulas Onur , Durmus Sinem , Oztas Efser , Keskin Nadi , Isiklar Ozben Ozden , Karaagac Oğuz Han , Gelisgen Remise , Uzun Hafize 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Objective The serum ischemia modified albumin (IMA), biglycan, and decorin levels of pregnant women who were hospitalized for threatened preterm labor were measured.
Methods Fifty-one consecutive pregnant women with a single pregnancy between the 24th and 36th weeks with a diagnosis of threatened preterm labor were included in the present prospective cohort study.
Results As a result of multivariate logistic regression analysis for predicting preterm delivery within 24 hours, 48 hours, 7 days, 14 days, ≤ 35 gestational weeks, and ≤ 37 gestational weeks after admission, area under the curve (AUC) (95% confidence interval [CI[) values were 0.95 (0.89–1.00), 0.93 (0.86–0.99), 0.91 (0.83–0.98), 0.92 (0.85–0.99), 0.82 (0.69–0.96), and 0.89 (0.80–0.98), respectively. In the present study, IMA and biglycan levels were found to be higher and decorin levels lower in women admitted to the hospital with threatened preterm labor and who gave preterm birth within 48 hours compared with those who gave birth after 48 hours.
Conclusion In pregnant women admitted to the hospital with threatened preterm labor, the prediction preterm delivery of the combined model created by adding IMA, decorin, and biglycan in addition to the TVS CL measurement was higher than the TVS CL measurement alone.
Clinical trial registration The present trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT04451928.