bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of plaque psoriasis relapse after secukinumab withdrawal in patients from two phase III studies
Authors: Lebwohl Mark , Iversen Lars , Eidsmo Liv , Krueger James G , Suárez-Fariñas Mayte , Tomalin Lewis , Kolbinger Frank , You Ruquan , Milutinovic Marina 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Secukinumab is effective against a range of psoriatic manifestations. Investigating psoriasis (PsO) relapse following secukinumab discontinuation could provide insights into long-term PsO remission.

Objectives
To examine PsO relapse rates on treatment discontinuation following 1 year of secukinumab treatment.

Methods
This study (clinical trial number: NCT01544595) is an extension of the phase III ERASURE/FIXTURE studies in patients with moderate-to-severe plaque PsO. After 1 year of secukinumab 300 mg or 150 mg treatment, participants who had responded to treatment with a ≥ 75% reduction in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI 75) at week 52 were randomly assigned to receive placebo (n = 120 and n = 100, respectively). On relapse, patients receiving placebo were switched to their previous secukinumab dose. The study primary outcome was the nonrelapse rate after secukinumab withdrawal.

Results
Following the last dose of secukinumab 300 mg, 20.8% (25/120) and 10.0% (12/120) of patients who switched to placebo did not relapse at 1 and 2 years after discontinuation, respectively. Patients who received secukinumab 150 mg for 1 year showed a lower proportion of nonrelapse following treatment discontinuation [14% (14/100) and 6% (6/100)] at 1 and 2 years, respectively. Patients who did not relapse maintained low mean PASI (2.8) at 1 year drug free vs. baseline (20.9); 1.7 at 2 years drug free vs. baseline (19.2), following an initial 52-week treatment with secukinumab 300 mg. Disease duration (P = 0.02) and severity (P = 0.02) were significantly associated with time to relapse in patients initially treated with secukinumab 300 mg; patients with shorter disease duration and lower baseline PASI remained relapse-free for longer.

Conclusions
Following discontinuation of secukinumab, a proportion of patients stayed relapse-free. Further, patients with shorter disease duration remained relapse-free for longer, suggesting that earlier treatment with secukinumab may result in long-term clinical control of moderate-to-severe PsO.
Plant species identity and plant-induced changes in soil physicochemistry—but not plant phylogeny or functional traits - shape the assembly of the root-associated soil microbiome
Authors: Byers Alexa-Kate , Condron Leo M , O'Callaghan Maureen , Waller Lauren , Dickie Ian A , Wakelin Steve A 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The root-associated soil microbiome contributes immensely to support plant health and performance against abiotic and biotic stressors. Understanding the processes that shape microbial assembly in root-associated soils is of interest in microbial ecology and plant health research. In this study, 37 plant species were grown in the same soil mixture for 10 months, whereupon the root-associated soil microbiome was assessed using amplicon sequencing. From this, the contribution of direct and indirect plant effects on microbial assembly was assessed. Plant species and plant-induced changes in soil physicochemistry were the most significant factors that accounted for bacterial and fungal community variation. Considering that all plants were grown in the same starting soil mixture, our results suggest that plants, in part, shape the assembly of their root-associated soil microbiome via their effects on soil physicochemistry. With the increase in phylogenetic ranking from plant species to class, we observed declines in the degree of community variation attributed to phylogenetic origin. That is, plant-microbe associations were unique to each plant species, but the phylogenetic associations between plant species were not important. We observed a large degree of residual variation (&gt; 65%) not accounted for by any plant-related factors, which may be attributed to random community assembly.
Lest we forget: Odunbaku Oguntona Sapara William (1895–1935) beyond the demystification of deity
Authors: Obadare Temitope O , Adeyemo Adeyemi T 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Oguntola Odunbaku Sapara Williams (born Alexander Johnson Williams, 1861–1935) was a Fellow of the Royal Institute of Public Health. This paper attempts to highlight the effort of an African doctor to fight disease outbreaks during the African colonial era. His uninterrupted 32 years career as a colonial medical officer in one of the British colonies in West Africa, provided superintendence for the eradication of smallpox as a result of this, he was credited with the demystification of metaphysical involvement in the smallpox epidemic and thus eradication of smallpox in the Lagos colony. He also provided leadership for the control of bubonic plague, and tuberculosis epidemics and pioneered initiatives to reduce maternal and infant mortality by vaccination, enactment of public health law, environmental sanitation, and health education in Southwest Nigeria.
Photoprotective and antigenotoxic properties of Cutibacterium acnes ecotypes native to terrestrial subsurface habitats
Authors: Pedraza Barrera Carlos Adolfo , Fuentes Jorge Luis 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Actinobacteria are known to produce a variety of secondary metabolites with skin-protective properties. This study aimed to investigate the photoprotective and antigenotoxic properties against UVB of extracts obtained from Cutibacterium acnes strains. Bacterial growth was measured spectrophotometrically and the constant maximum growth rate (μ) value to each strain, were calculated. In vitro photoprotection efficacy was evaluated using in vitro indices such as sun protection factor (SPFespectrophotometric) and critical wavelength (λc). UVB-antigenotoxicity was also evaluated using the SOS Chromotest. Correlation analysis was used to examine the relationship between SPFespectrophotometric and extract concentration and the %GI estimates. Among the studied strains, one showed low (6.0 ≤ SPFespectrophotometric ≤ 14.9) and eight showed media (15.0 ≤ SPFespectrophotometric ≤ 29.9) UVB photoprotection efficacy. All of them resulted in broad-spectrum (UVA–UVB) photoprotection (λc &gt; 370 nm). In total, two C. acnes ecotypes with different growth rates were evidenced, but the protective metabolites in the extracts were produced without the influence of growth rate. Photoprotective efficacy depended on the extract concentration and was correlated with antigenotoxicity. We demonstrated that C. acnes extracts can be used as sunscreen ingredients that reduce UVB-induced genotoxicity.
Role of the extracellular matrix in Candida biofilm antifungal resistance
Authors: Massey Justin , Zarnowski Robert , Andes David 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Clinical infection due to Candida species frequently involve growth in biofilm communities. Recalcitrance despite antifungal therapy leads to disease persistence associated with high morbidity and mortality. Candida possesses several tools allowing evasion of antifungal effects. Among these, protection of biofilm cells via encasement by the extracellular matrix is responsible for a majority drug resistance phenotype. The Candida matrix composition is complex and includes a mannan–glucan complex linked to antifungal drug sequestration. This mechanism of resistance is conserved across the Candida genus and impacts each of the available antifungal drug classes. The exosome pathway is responsible for delivery and assembly of much of the Candida extracellular matrix as functional vesicle protein and polysaccharide cargo. Investigations demonstrate the vesicle matrix delivery pathway is a useful fungal biofilm drug target. Further elucidation of the vesicle pathway, as well as understanding the roles of biofilm driven cargo may provide additional targets to aid the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of Candida biofilms.
Active steps to reduce administrative spending associated with financial transactions in US health care
Authors: Sahni Nikhil R , Gupta Pranay , Peterson Michael , Cutler David M 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
US health care administrative spending is approximately $1 trillion annually. A major operational area is the financial transactions ecosystem, which has approximately $200 billion in spending annually. Efficient financial transactions ecosystems from other industries and countries exhibit 2 features: immediate payment assurance and high use of automation throughout the process. The current system has an average transaction cost of $12 to $19 per claim across private payers and providers for more than 9 billion claims per year; each claim on average takes 4 to 6 weeks to process and pay. For simple claims, the transaction cost is $7 to $10 across private payers and providers; for complex claims, $35 to $40. Prior authorization on approximately 5000 codes has an average cost of $40 to $50 per submission for private payers and $20 to $30 for providers. Interventions aligned with a more efficient financial transactions ecosystem could reduce spending by $40 billion to $60 billion; approximately half is at the organizational level (scaling interventions being implemented by leading private payers and providers) and half at the industry level (adopting a centralized automated claims clearinghouse, standardizing medical policies for a subset of prior authorizations, and standardizing physician licensure for a national provider directory).
Modelling counterfactual incidence during the transition towards culture-independent diagnostic testing
Authors: Healy Jessica M , Ray Logan , Tack Danielle M , Eikmeier Dana , Tobin-D’Angelo Melissa , Wilson Elisha , Hurd Sharon , Lathrop Sarah , McGuire Suzanne M , Bruce Beau B 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Culture-independent diagnostic testing (CIDT) provides rapid results to clinicians and is quickly displacing traditional detection methods. Increased CIDT use and sensitivity likely result in higher case detection but might also obscure infection trends. Severe illness outcomes, such as hospitalization and death, are likely less affected by changes in testing practices and can be used as indicators of the expected case incidence trend had testing methods not changed.

Methods
Using US Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network data during 1996–2019 and mixed effects quasi-Poisson regression, we estimated the expected yearly incidence for nine enteric pathogens.

Results
Removing the effect of CIDT use, CIDT panel testing and culture-confirmation of CIDT testing, the modelled incidence in all but three pathogens (Salmonella, Shigella, STEC O157) was significantly lower than the observed and the upward trend in Campylobacter was reversed from an observed 2.8% yearly increase to a modelled –2.8% yearly decrease (95% credible interval: –4.0, –1.4).

Conclusions
Severe outcomes may be useful indicators in evaluating trends in surveillance systems that have undergone a marked change.
Trends for Syndromic Surveillance of Norovirus in Emergency Department Data Based on Chief Complaints
Authors: Kim Soyeoun , Kim Sohee , Choi Bo Youl , Park Boyoung 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
This study compared trends in norovirus cases to determine whether chief complaint–based emergency department (ED) visit data could reflect trends of norovirus in Korea.

Methods
The ED visits from the National Emergency Department Information System database and the weekly reported number of noroviruses from the sentinel surveillance system were collected between August 2017 and December 2020. The correlation between weekly norovirus cases and weekly ED visits considering the chief complaint and discharge diagnosis code was estimated using a 3-week moving average.

Results
In total, 6 399 774 patients with chief complaints related to digestive system disease visited an ED. A higher correlation between reported norovirus cases and ED visit with chief complaint of vomiting and discharge diagnosis code of gastroenteritis and colitis of unspecified origin or other and unspecified gastroenteritis and colitis of infectious origin was observed (R = 0.88, P &lt; .0001). The correlation was highest for the age group 0–4 years (R = 0.89, P &lt; .0001). However, no correlation was observed between the reported norovirus cases and the number of ED visits with norovirus identified as a discharge diagnosis code.

Conclusions
ED visit data considering a combination of chief complaints and discharged diagnosis code would be useful for early detection of infectious disease trends.
Detection and Clearance of Type-Specific and Phylogenetically Related Genital Human Papillomavirus Infections in Young Women in New Heterosexual Relationships
Authors: Arthur Andrew W , El-Zein Mariam , Burchell Ann N , Tellier Pierre-Paul , Coutlée François , Franco Eduardo L 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Understanding the natural history of human papillomavirus (HPV) infections is essential to cervical cancer prevention planning. We estimated HPV type-specific infection detection and clearance in young women.

Methods
The HPV Infection and Transmission among Couples through Heterosexual activity (HITCH) study is a prospective cohort of 502 college-age women who recently initiated a heterosexual relationship. We tested vaginal samples collected at 6 clinical visits over 24 months for 36 HPV types. Using rates and Kaplan-Meier analysis, we estimated time-to-event statistics with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for detection of incident infections and clearance of incident and present-at-baseline infections (separately). We conducted analyses at the woman- and HPV-levels, with HPV types grouped by phylogenetic relatedness.

Results
By 24 months, we detected incident infections in 40.4% (CI, 33.4%–48.4%) of women. Incident subgenus 1 (43.4; CI, 33.6–56.4), 2 (47.1; CI, 39.9–55.5), and 3 (46.6; CI, 37.7–57.7) infections cleared at similar rates per 1000 infection-months. We observed similar homogeny in HPV-level clearance rates among present-at-baseline infections.

Conclusions
Our analyses provide type-specific infection natural history estimates for cervical cancer prevention planning. HPV-level analyses did not clearly indicate that high oncogenic risk subgenus 2 infections persist longer than their low oncogenic risk subgenera 1 and 3 counterparts.
Convicting Autonomous Weapons?
Authors: Weigend Thomas 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
If autonomous weapon systems (AWS) cause harm beyond their legitimate military use, e.g., by killing innocent civilians, the question arises as to who can be held responsible. Due to the great number of persons involved in the construction, programming, training, and deploying of AWS, a ‘responsibility gap’ has been diagnosed. As it is neither theoretically nor practically feasible to impose criminal responsibility on AWS themselves, various doctrines of international criminal law (ICL) have been suggested with a view toward making individual persons responsible for the AWS’s malfunctioning. The mens rea requirements of ICL are, however, likely to severely limit individual criminal responsibility. The author suggests that the emphasis should not be on bending legal doctrine in a futile effort to close the ‘responsibility gap’ but on establishing specific obligations to train, test, and continually observe the operation of AWS in order to avoid malfunctioning.
Regulatory networks of the F-box protein FBX206 and OVATE family proteins modulate brassinosteroid biosynthesis to regulate grain size and yield in rice
Authors: Sun Xiaoxuan , Xie Yonghong , Xu Kaizun , Li Jianxiong 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
F-box proteins participate in the regulation of many processes, including cell division, development, and plant hormone responses. Brassinosteroids (BRs) regulate plant growth and development by activating core transcriptional and other multiple factors. In rice, OVATE family proteins (OFPs) participate in BR signalling and regulate grain size. Here we identified an F-box E3 ubiquitin ligase, FBX206, that acts as a negative factor in BR signalling and regulates grain size and yield in rice. Suppressed expression of FBX206 by RNAi leads to promoted plant growth and increased grain yield. Molecular analyses showed that the expression levels of BR biosynthetic genes were up-regulated, whereas those of BR catabolic genes were down-regulated in FBX206-RNAi plants, resulting in the accumulation of 28-homoBL, one of the bioactive BRs. FBX206 interacted with OsOFP8, a positive regulator in BR signalling, and OsOFP19, a negative regulator in BR signalling. SCFFBX206 mediated the degradation of OsOFP8 but suppressed OsOFP19 degradation. OsOFP8 interacted with OsOFP19, and the reciprocal regulation between OsOFP8 and OsOFP19 required the presence of FBX206. FBX206 itself was ubiquitinated and degraded, but interactions of OsOFP8 and OsOFP19 synergistically suppressed the degradation of FBX206. Genetic interactions indicated an additive effect between FBX206 and OsOFP8 and epistatic effects of OsOFP19 on FBX206 and OsOFP8. Our study reveals the regulatory networks of FBX206, OsOFP8, and OsOFP19 in BR signalling that regulate grain size and yield in rice.
Plant KASH proteins SINE1 and SINE2 have synergistic and antagonistic interactions with actin-branching and actin-bundling factors
Authors: Moser Morgan , Groves Norman R , Meier Iris 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complexes consist of outer nuclear membrane KASH proteins, interacting in the nuclear envelope lumen with inner nuclear membrane SUN proteins and connecting the nucleus and cytoskeleton. The paralogous Arabidopsis KASH proteins SINE1 and SINE2 function during stomatal dynamics induced by light–dark transitions and abscisic acid (ABA), which requires F-actin reorganization. SINE2 influences actin depolymerization and SINE1 actin repolymerization. The actin-related protein 2/3 (ARP2/3) complex, an actin nucleator, and the plant actin-bundling and -stabilizing factor SCAB1 are involved in stomatal aperture control. Here, we have tested the genetic interaction of SINE1 and SINE2 with SCAB1 and the ARP2/3 complex. We show that SINE1 and the ARP2/3 complex function in the same pathway during ABA-induced stomatal closure, while SINE2 and the ARP2/3 complex play opposing roles. The actin repolymerization defect observed in sine1-1 is partially rescued in scab1-2 sine1-1, while SINE2 is epistatic to SCAB1. In addition, SINE1 and ARP2/3 act synergistically in lateral root development. The absence of SINE2 renders trichome development independent of the ARP2/3 complex. Together, these data reveal complex and differential interactions of the two KASH proteins with the actin-remodeling apparatus and add evidence to the proposed differential role of SINE1 and SINE2 in actin dynamics.
What can digital humanities do for literary adaptation studies: distant reading of children’s editions of Robinson Crusoe
Authors: Hui Haifeng 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
While digital humanities has emerged as a cutting-edge research trend in the humanities over the past two decades, its application in literary research is still scarce. At present, the field of digital humanities for literary studies is largely focused on theoretical development, critical reflections, and infrastructure building. This article aims to explore the potential of digital humanities in advancing literary research through critical practices and elucidates the distinctive advantages of employing digital humanities methodologies in the study of literature. In this article, a dozen of children’s editions of Robinson Crusoe from different historical periods are used as the corpus, and methods such as word cloud, keyword extraction, and sentiment analysis using Python are used to examine the adaptation of Defoe’s original novel in children’s editions and to uncover a positive inclination throughout the diachronic evolution of children’s literature adaptations. It has also revealed some patterns within the intricate details of the different children’s editions. In doing so, the article demonstrates the unique advantages of digital humanities in literary studies and proposes new ways of applying digital humanities to literary criticism.
κmonty: a Monte Carlo Compton scattering code including non-thermal electrons
Authors: Davelaar Jordy , Ryan Benjamin R , Wong George N , Bronzwaer Thomas , Olivares Hector , Mościbrodzka Monika , Gammie Charles F , Falcke Heino 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
Low-luminosity active galactic nuclei are strong sources of X-ray emission produced by Compton scattering originating from the accretion flows surrounding their supermassive black holes. The shape and energy of the resulting spectrum depend on the shape of the underlying electron distribution function (DF). In this work, we present an extended version of the grmonty code, called κmonty. The grmonty code previously only included a thermal Maxwell–Jütner electron DF. We extend the grmonty code with non-thermal electron DFs, namely the κ and power-law DFs, implement Cartesian Kerr–Schild coordinates, accelerate the code with mpi, and couple the code to the non-uniform adaptive mesh refinement grid data from the general relativistic magnetohydrodynamics code bhac. For the Compton scattering process, we derive two sampling kernels for both DFs. Finally, we present a series of code tests to verify the accuracy of our schemes. The implementation of non-thermal DFs opens the possibility of studying the effect of non-thermal emission on previously developed black hole accretion models.
Robustness of baryon acoustic oscillations measurements with photometric redshift uncertainties
Authors: Ishikawa Keitaro , Sunayama Tomomi , Nishizawa Atsushi J , Miyatake Hironao , Nishimichi Takahiro 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
We investigate the robustness of baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) measurements with a photometric galaxy sample using mock galaxy catalogues with various sizes of photometric redshift (photo-z) uncertainties. We first conduct the robustness of BAO measurements, assuming we have a perfect knowledge of photo-z uncertainties. We find that the BAO shift parameter α can be constrained in an unbiased manner even for 3 per cent photometric redshift uncertainties up to z ∼ 1. For instance, α = 1.006 ± 0.078 with 95 per cent confidence level is obtained from 3 per cent photo-z uncertainty data at z = 1.03 using the sample of M* ≥ 1010.25 M⊙ h−2. We also find that a sparse galaxy sample, e.g. &lt;2 × 10−4 [h Mpc−1]3, causes additional noise in the covariance matrix calculation and can bias the constraint on α. Following this, we look into the scenario where incorrect photometric redshift uncertainties are assumed in the fitting model. We find that underestimating the photo-z uncertainty leads to a degradation in the constraining power on α. However, the constrained value of α is not biased. We also quantify the constraining power on Ωm0 assuming the Vera C. Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST)-like covariance and find that the 95 per cent confidence level is σ(Ωm0) ∼ 0.03–0.05 corresponding to the photo-z uncertainties of 1–3 per cent, respectively. Finally, we examine whether the skewness in the photometric redshift can bias the constraint on α and confirm that the constraint on α is unbiased, even assuming a Gaussian photo-z uncertainty in our model.