bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microstructure-Based Creep Life Assessment of 1CrMoV Turbine Rotor Steels After Long-Term Service
Authors: Nyembe Hlanganani Siphelele , van der Meer Philip , Knutsen Robert , Westraadt Johan Ewald 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study evaluates the use of quantitative analytical electron microscopy for microstructure-based creep life assessment of service-exposed 1CrMoV steel turbine rotors. Changes in the microstructure (bainitic laths, carbide phases) were related to creep life exhaustion estimations done using conventional methods based on cavities and hardness. The volume-weighted average size and surface density of bainitic laths correlate with cavity-based estimated creep life exhaustion. However, the heterogeneity of grain structure limits the use of bainitic lath parameters for assessing creep life based on microstructure. The phase proportions of M3C, M2C, and M7C3 carbides, as determined by TKD-EDS mapping, show a strong correlation (R2: 0.64, 0.61, and 0.86) with creep life exhaustion estimations and could potentially be used as an additional indicator of the material state of the critical failure region in 1CrMoV turbine rotors.
Daytime sleepiness in depression—underestimated in psychiatric inpatients
Authors: Odenthal Anna-Maria , Ottersbach Julia , Weber Franziska C , Wetter Thomas C , Popp Roland F. J. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Sleep disorders are among the most common symptoms of depression. Both the ICD-10/11 and DSM‑5 list sleep disorders of all types as diagnostic criteria for depression, but these are not defined in detail.

Objective
This study focused on the prevalence of daytime sleepiness and associated sleep disorders in patients diagnosed with a severe depressive episode.

Materials and methods
In total, 192 inpatients with a moderate/severe depressive episode from an open acute psychiatric ward were included. Sleep history immediately after admission and sleep-related questionnaires, such as the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), and Regensburg Insomnia Scale (RIS), were collected. Polysomnographic assessment was performed in 82 patients with suspected sleep disorders. Patient groups (e.g., with and without sleepiness or apnea) were compared.

Results
The prevalence of daytime sleepiness (ESS > 10) was 25.3%. Fatigue and insomnia were reported in 66.7 and 75.7% of patients, respectively. Polysomnography revealed a prevalence of sleep apnea of 18.2%, and sleep apnea was newly diagnosed in 80% of these patients. Daytime sleepiness was more common in patients with undiagnosed sleep apnea. Patients with daytime sleepiness had more fatigue but did not have more severe depression.

Conclusion
The present results highlight the importance of assessing sleep history in psychiatric patients, especially those with depression. The ESS may be a useful tool to specifically assess daytime sleepiness as opposed to depression-related fatigue. A systematic assessment of sleepiness and specific sleep disorders, in particular sleep apnea, might contribute to improved treatment of inpatients with depression.
Influence of soil management on vegetative growth, yield, and wine quality parameters in an organic “Pedro Ximénez” vineyard: field and UAV data
Authors: Ramírez-Pérez Pilar , López-Granados Francisca , León-Gutiérrez Juan Manuel , Mesas-Carrascosa Francisco Javier , Pérez-Porras Fernando , Torres-Sánchez Jorge 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe use of cover crops in vineyards is expected to increase due to the strong encouragement by European agricultural policy and their contribution to reducing soil erosion. This paper presents the results obtained over three years in a vineyard of the “Pedro Ximénez” variety organically grown in southern Spain. The influence on production, vigor, and grape quality of a seeded cover crop versus tillage was compared using field data and imagery acquired by an uncrewed aerial vehicle. The vines under tillage showed greater vegetative development and yield than those with cover crops between rows. The grapes from the vines under the cover crop treatment ripened earlier and presented higher values of total soluble solids, characteristics that can be useful in the protected designation of origin where the study field is placed. However, the strong yield reduction caused by the cover crop treatment encourages future research to explore other cover crop species that could contribute to improving soil properties without compromising the profitability of the vineyard. This is the first time that the influence of cover cropping on the agronomic and oenological parameters of organically grown white vineyard varieties such as “Pedro Ximénez” has been assessed using field and UAV data.
The role of gut barrier dysfunction in postoperative complications in liver transplantation: pathophysiological and therapeutic considerations
Authors: Assimakopoulos Stelios F. , Bhagani Sanjay , Aggeletopoulou Ioanna , Tsounis Efthymios P. , Tsochatzis Emmanuel A. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Gut barrier dysfunction is a pivotal pathophysiological alteration in cirrhosis and end-stage liver disease, which is further aggravated during and after the operational procedures for liver transplantation (LT). In this review, we analyze the multifactorial disruption of all major levels of defense of the gut barrier (biological, mechanical, and immunological) and correlate with clinical implications.

Methods
A narrative review of the literature was performed using PubMed, PubMed Central and Google from inception until November 29th, 2023.

Results
Systemic translocation of indigenous bacteria through this dysfunctional barrier contributes to the early post-LT infectious complications, while endotoxin translocation, through activation of the systemic inflammatory response, is implicated in non-infectious complications including renal dysfunction and graft rejection. Bacterial infections are the main cause of early in-hospital mortality of LT patients and unraveling the pathophysiology of gut barrier failure is of outmost importance.

Conclusion
A pathophysiology-based approach to prophylactic or therapeutic interventions may lead to enhancement of gut barrier function eliminating its detrimental consequences and leading to better outcomes for LT patients.
A note on the mean-square solution of the hypergeometric differential equation with uncertainties
Authors: Calatayud Julia 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe Fröbenius method of power series has been applied to several linear random differential equations. The interest relies on the derivation of a closed-form mean-square solution and on the possibility of approximating statistical measures at exponential convergence rate. In this paper, we deal with the hypergeometric differential equation with random coefficients and initial conditions. On the interval (0, 1), random power series centered at the regular singular point 0 are employed, which are given in terms of the hypergeometric function. We find the stochastic basis of mean-square solutions and solve random initial-value problems. The approximation of the expectation and the variance is studied and illustrated computationally.
On the Construction Methodology of Microabrasion-Corrosion Maps Using Theoretical Approaches
Authors: Ritchie F. W. , Jana B. D. , Zekos I. , Stack M. M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn the field of microabrasion-corrosion, there has been limited research progress in modelling the process due to the complex interplay between the two processes involved. One of the crucial developments in the field has been the microabrasion-corrosion maps based on experimental results. However, mathematical modelling to develop the maps has not been attempted before. This work aimed to construct mathematical models for predicting the microabrasion-corrosion rate for mild steel and pure titanium in aqueous slurry conditions. The methodology developed was used for the construction of microabrasion-corrosion maps. The maps were constructed in two forms: (1) regime maps that identify the underlying mechanisms of microabrasion-corrosion and (2) wastage maps that identify the magnitude of the wastage rate. The effects of abrasive particle size and solution pH were shown on the maps. These maps have not been reported before and can form a basis for material selection and process optimisation for various microabrasion-corrosion applications, such as hip joint conditions. The advantages and applications of these maps are addressed in this paper.
Nanozyme-Engineered Hydrogels for Anti-Inflammation and Skin Regeneration
Authors: Kurian Amal George , Singh Rajendra K. , Sagar Varsha , Lee Jung-Hwan , Kim Hae-Won 
Published: February 2024

AbstractInflammatory skin disorders can cause chronic scarring and functional impairments, posing a significant burden on patients and the healthcare system. Conventional therapies, such as corticosteroids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, are limited in efficacy and associated with adverse effects. Recently, nanozyme (NZ)-based hydrogels have shown great promise in addressing these challenges. NZ-based hydrogels possess unique therapeutic abilities by combining the therapeutic benefits of redox nanomaterials with enzymatic activity and the water-retaining capacity of hydrogels. The multifaceted therapeutic effects of these hydrogels include scavenging reactive oxygen species and other inflammatory mediators modulating immune responses toward a pro-regenerative environment and enhancing regenerative potential by triggering cell migration and differentiation. This review highlights the current state of the art in NZ-engineered hydrogels (NZ@hydrogels) for anti-inflammatory and skin regeneration applications. It also discusses the underlying chemo-mechano-biological mechanisms behind their effectiveness. Additionally, the challenges and future directions in this ground, particularly their clinical translation, are addressed. The insights provided in this review can aid in the design and engineering of novel NZ-based hydrogels, offering new possibilities for targeted and personalized skin-care therapies.
Multiplication of distributions and singular waves in several physical models
Authors: Domingos Ana Rute 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe study of a Riemann problem for a one-dimensional $$2\hspace{1.111pt}{\times }\hspace{1.111pt}2$$

2

×

2

system of conservation laws, which includes some particular cases of known physical systems, such as the pressureless gas dynamics system, Euler equations for isentropic flow, the Brio system, and the shallow water system. The main results of this study reveal the emergence of shock waves and delta shock waves as explicit solutions. We use the concept of $$\alpha $$
α
-solution defined in the setting of a product of distributions not defined by approximation. Notably, this study does not assume any classical results about conservation laws, presenting a simpler and more general framework for constructing singular solutions to other equations or systems. Additionally, this paper includes several comments on the four physical systems mentioned, along with formulas for multiplying distributions and evaluating the compositions of a function with a distribution.
Exploring student experiences of learning chemistry using holism evolution infused poetry
Authors: Mirkin Philip Joshua 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHolism evolution states that although energy, matter, life, consciousness and the human personality are independent and different substances/levels of evolution, they are holistically and intimately related.This paper presents the findings from teaching chemistry to high school science students and post-graduate university science-education students using poetry constructed from physical science ideas embedded in holism evolution. The research findings are based on observations of student behaviour and their written feedback from being taught chemistry using poems on the periodic table and acids and bases. Both poems demonstrate the holism intimacy between various substances/levels of evolution, with the periodic table poem also presenting groups of chemical elements as representing the characteristics of infant, teenager, adult and old age of matter, presenting a holistic relationship between matter and life. The findings indicate that using holism evolution infused content led to a personally meaningful engagement with chemistry even among students with limited previous interest in the subject. Many post-graduate students expressed new levels of engagement with chemistry as well as new insights to enliven their teaching practice.
Two kinds of requirements of justice
Authors: SOUTHWOOD NICHOLAS , GOODIN ROBERT E. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Claims about what justice “requires” and the “requirements” of justice are pervasive in political philosophy. However, there is a highly significant ambiguity in such claims that appears to have gone unnoticed. Such claims may pick out either one of two categorically distinct and noncoextensive kinds of requirement that we call 1) requirements-as-necessary-conditions for justice and 2) requirements-as-demands of justice. This is an especially compelling instance of an ambiguity that John Broome has famously observed in the context of claims about other requirements (notably the requirements of rationality and morality). But it appears to have been overlooked by political philosophers in the case of claims about the requirements of justice. The ambiguity is highly significant inasmuch as failing to notice it is liable to distort our normative thinking about politics and make us vulnerable to certain kinds of normatively consequential errors: both mistakenly drawing inferences about what justice demands of us from claims that certain states or societies are not just; and mistakenly drawing inferences about what states or societies are or would be just from claims that justice does not demand of states or societies that they do certain things. Paying greater attention to the distinction between these two different kinds of requirements and the ways in which they come apart is helpful, not merely in avoiding these distortions and errors, but also in resolving, or at least clarifying, a number of other notoriously murky meta-normative debates, especially various important debates about realism and idealism in political philosophy.
RADIOCARBON AND URANIUM PROFILES IN MARINE GASTROPODS AROUND THE JAPANESE ARCHIPELAGO
Authors: Hirabayashi Shoko , Aze Takahiro , Miyairi Yosuke , Kan Hironobu , Yokoyama Yusuke 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTIn this study, we investigate the distribution of radiocarbon and uranium in the calcified opercula of Turbo sp. collected from Ryukyu region and Chiba, Japan, to explore the potential of U/Th dating using mollusks collected from the Japanese archipelago. We acquired high-resolution radiocarbon and uranium concentration measurements using single-stage accelerator mass spectrometry and laser ablation−inductively coupled plasma−mass spectrometry. Our results show that uranium in the opercula of modern Turbo sp. is unevenly distributed at concentrations 1000 times less than those in coral skeletons. Radiocarbon found in the calcified opercula samples record ambient seawater radiocarbon values as well as coral skeletons. Uranium in the calcified opercula of Holocene Turbo marmoratus were also unevenly distributed and concentrated within the opercula in a different manner than observed in modern samples, suggesting uranium exchange after death. Our results suggest variable uptake of uranium isotopes into mollusk shells and highlights the need for rigorous sample selection criteria when choosing mollusks species for U/Th dating around Japan.
COVID-19 passenger screening to reduce travel risk and translocation of disease
Authors: Waite Lindsay L. , Nahhas Ahmad , Irvahn Jan , Garden Grace , Kerfonta Caroline M. , Killelea Elizabeth , Ferng William , Cummins Joshua J. , Mereness Rebecca , Austin Thomas , Jones Stephen , Olson Nels , Wilson Mark , Isaac Benson , Pepper Craig A. , Koolhof Iain S. , Armstrong Jason 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Aviation passenger screening has been used worldwide to mitigate the translocation risk of SARS-CoV-2. We present a model that evaluates factors in screening strategies used in air travel and assess their relative sensitivity and importance in identifying infectious passengers. We use adapted Monte Carlo simulations to produce hypothetical disease timelines for the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 for travelling passengers. Screening strategy factors assessed include having one or two RT-PCR and/or antigen tests prior to departure and/or post-arrival, and quarantine length and compliance upon arrival. One or more post-arrival tests and high quarantine compliance were the most important factors in reducing pathogen translocation. Screening that combines quarantine and post-arrival testing can shorten the length of quarantine for travelers, and variability and mean testing sensitivity in post-arrival RT-PCR and antigen tests decrease and increase with the greater time between the first and second post-arrival test, respectively. This study provides insight into the role various screening strategy factors have in preventing the translocation of infectious diseases and a flexible framework adaptable to other existing or emerging diseases. Such findings may help in public health policy and decision-making in present and future evidence-based practices for passenger screening and pandemic preparedness.
Globular cluster metallicities and distances from disentangling their RR Lyrae light curves
Authors: Arellano Ferro A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe present mean horizontal branch absolute magnitudes and iron abundances for a sample of 39 globular clusters. These quantities were calculated in an unprecedented homogeneous fashion based on Fourier decomposition of ligt curves of RR Lyrae cluster members. Zero points for the luminosity calibrations are discussed. Our photometrically derived metallicities and distances compare very well with spectroscopic determinations of [Fe/H] and accurate distances obtained using Gaia and Hubble Space Telescope data. The need to distinguish between the results for RRab and RRc stars for a correct evaluation of the MV–[Fe/H] relation is discussed. For RRab stars, the relation is non-linear, and the horizontal branch structure plays a significant role. For RRc stars, the relation remains linear and tight, and the slope is very shallow. Hence, the RRc stars seem better indicators of the parental cluster distances. Systematic time-series CCD imaging performed over the last 20 years enabled to discover and classify 330 variables in our sample of globular clusters.
The structure of the Milky Way from period-luminosity relations
Authors: Skowron Dorota M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDisentangling the structural components of the Milky Way requires knowledge of distances to various classes of objects, both young, which trace the Galactic disk, and old, which trace the Galactic bulge and halo. Variable stars that obey period-luminosity relations are perfect distance indicators for such studies. Here we discuss recent findings on the structure of our galaxy, inferred from period-luminosity relations for both young, old and intermediate-age variable stars, including Cepheids, RR Lyrae stars, δ Scuti stars, and long-period variables.
Modern‐Type Eolian Regime and Global Cooling‐Modulated Dust Provenance in the Late Paleogene of Central‐East Asia
Authors: Bohm K. , Wasiljeff J. , Stevens T. , Salminen J. , Tang H. , Lahaye Y. , Kurhila M. , Zhang Z. , Haugvaldstad O. , Kaakinen A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAtmospheric mineral dust is a poorly constrained yet extremely important component of the climate system. Provenance studies from geologic dust archives are crucial to understand the drivers of the dust cycle over long time scales. Our multi‐technique provenance analysis of a rare Paleogene (35–27 Ma) eolian dust sequence from Ulantatal, ∼400 km northwest of the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP), shows that Paleogene dust transporting winds generally varied between northwesterly and westerly, the same as those in the late Neogene‐Quaternary bipolar icehouse. We propose that, as today, westerly wind circulation patterns would have been modulated by an Arctic Oscillation (AO)‐like situation, and that the warm Eocene favored a long‐term negative phase of AO, leading to meridional westerly circulation and the dominance of a northwesterly dust transport pathway. After the Eocene‐Oligocene transition (EOT), long‐term positive phase of AO‐like conditions initiated, leading to stronger and more zonal westerlies. The Siberian High (SH) also formed or strengthened at the EOT and started to control dust storm activity along the northwesterly transport pathway. We argue that increased Paleogene Northern Hemisphere (NH) ice volume was the ultimate driver of this modern‐type dust transport regime in the Ulantatal region, possibly also controlling initial Ulantatal dust sequence formation via the development of the SH and modern‐type eolian regime. The similarity between the Ulantatal and late Neogene northern CLP dust provenance signals suggests that the increased NH ice volume, via its control on the northwesterly dust transport, could have promoted increased loess formation also in the late Miocene.
Enrichment of Smectite in the REY‐Rich Mud of the Clarion‐Clipperton Fracture Zone in the Eastern Pacific and Its Geological Significance
Authors: Xiang Bo , Dong Yanhui , Han Xibin , Li Xiaohu , Wang Yizhuo , Zhang Weiyan , Chu Fengyou 
Published: February 2024

AbstractREY‐rich mud, consisting of deep‐sea sediments with high concentrations of rare‐earth elements and yttrium (REY), holds significant economic potential. Many studies have been conducted on biogenic apatite, ferromanganese micronodule, and phillipsite within these deposits to ascertain the REY enrichment mechanisms. However, the knowledge of clay minerals in REY‐rich mud, which is the predominant component of pelagic sediments, is still limited. In this study, two adjacent gravity cores (core GC02: REY‐rich mud; core GC03: typical sediments of equatorial Pacific) were collected from the Clarion‐Clipperton Fracture Zone (CCFZ) of the Eastern Pacific to study the role of different clay minerals in REY enrichment. The clay minerals in core GC03 and core GC02 are primarily illite (averaging 60%) and smectite (averaging 63%), respectively, and the smectite in core GC02 was mainly Fe‐rich, which was probably formed via the reaction between opal and FeOOH. Moreover, multiple studies have reported similar smectite enrichment in REY‐rich mud, suggesting that it is a common characteristic. The presumed hydrothermal or volcanic origination of smectite in REY‐rich layers of core GC02 indicates the essential role of hydrothermal and volcanic activities in REY‐rich mud formation during the Oligocene in the western CCFZ.
Implications of Surface Heat Flux for Shear Stress and Temperature on the Plate Interface Beneath Northern Honshu
Authors: England Philip , Matsumoto Takumi , Wallis Simon 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMeasurements of surface heat flux from boreholes of the NIED Hi‐net network of seismometers are used to determine temperature and shear stress on the plate interface beneath northern Honshu. At the maximum depth of thrust‐faulting earthquakes, about 60 km, the temperature is 660 ± 240°C and the average shear stress during slip on the interface is 100 ± 45 MPa. The equivalent quantities from the oceanic setting of the Kermadec trench are 630 ± 140°C and 115 ± 25 MPa. The shear stresses are substantially higher than commonly assumed in models of convergent plate interfaces, but are consistent with measurements made above other convergent plate interfaces where heat flux data are more sparse. They are also consistent with the level of shear stress required to explain measurements of pressure and temperature from high‐pressure‐low‐temperature terrains that experienced metamorphism on subduction interfaces, in particular those from the Cretaceous Sanbagawa belt of SW Japan.