bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The decline of walleye populations: an ecological tipping point?
Authors: Sass Greg G. 
Published: February 2025

Walleye/ogaa ( Sander vitreus (Mitchill)) (hereafter, walleye; ogaa = Ojibwe translation) populations have historically supported important multi-use, harvest-oriented fisheries. Despite intensive management, walleye populations have declined in the midwestern United States raising concerns about the sustainability of the species. Numerous factors have been implicated in walleye population declines, including climate change, habitat loss, invasive species, species-interactions, production overharvest (i.e., harvest consistently exceeding annual production), and changing angler behaviors. These factors have negatively influenced natural recruitment and contributed to depensatory recruitment dynamics. I provide a review and perspective suggesting that the current trajectory of walleye populations is at or nearing an ecological tipping point. Although fish populations are often considered compensatory (i.e., negatively density-dependent), current walleye populations appear prone to depensation (i.e., positive density dependence). My review and perspective suggest that a compensatory management perspective for walleye is misaligned. A change in management towards a depensatory resource focus using ecosystem-based fisheries management and the recognition of walleye fisheries as social–ecological systems is needed for conservation. If compensatory management ensues, walleye persistence will likely be further threatened because many drivers of change are outside of managerial control, and those commonly used within managerial control have seemingly been ineffective for sustaining or rehabilitating naturally reproducing walleye populations.
Primary scalar hair in Gauss–Bonnet black holes with Thurston horizons
Authors: Guajardo Luis , Oliva Julio 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this work, we construct novel asymptotically locally AdS

$$_5$$

5

black hole solutions of Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet theory at the Chern–Simons point, supported by a scalar field that generates a primary hair. The strength of the scalar field is governed by an independent integration constant; when this constant vanishes, the spacetime reduces to a black hole geometry devoid of hair. The existence of these solutions is intrinsically tied to the horizon metric, which is modeled by three non-trivial Thurston geometries: Nil, Solv, and

$$SL(2,{\mathbb {R}}).$$

S
L
(
2
,
R
)
.

The quadratic part of the scalar field action corresponds to a conformally coupled scalar in five dimensions -an invariance of the matter sector that is explicitly broken by the introduction of a quartic self-interaction. These black holes are characterized by two distinct parameters: the horizon radius and the temperature. Notably, there exists a straight line in this parameter space along which the horizon geometry exhibits enhanced isometries, corresponding to solutions previously reported in JHEP 02, 014 (2014). Away from this line, for a fixed horizon radius and temperatures above or below a critical value, the metric’s isometries undergo spontaneous breaking. Employing the Regge–Teitelboim approach, we compute the mass and entropy of these solutions, both of which vanish. Despite this, only one of the integration constants can be interpreted as hair, as the other modifies the local geometry at the conformal boundary. Finally, for Solv horizon geometries, we extend these hairy solutions to six dimensions.
JMJD6 Rewires ATF4-Dependent Glutathione Metabolism to Confer Ferroptosis Resistance in SPOP-Mutated Prostate Cancer
Authors: Zhang Chuanjie , Ding Jiawei , Lim Kiat Shenq , Zhou Wenjie , Miao Wenyu , Wu Siqi , Liu Hanqing , Huang Da , Chen Chufeng , He Hongchao , Xiao Jun , Xu Dan-feng , Shen Yan , Huang Hai , Gao Yi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Ferroptosis inducers have shown therapeutic potential in prostate cancer (PCa), but tumor heterogeneity poses a barrier to their efficacy. Distinguishing the regulators orchestrating metabolic crosstalk between cancer cells could shed light on therapeutic strategies to more robustly activate ferroptosis. Here, we found that aberrant accumulation of jumonji domain containing 6 (JMJD6) proteins correlated with poorer prognosis of PCa patients. Mechanistically, PCa-associated speckle type BTB/POZ protein (SPOP) mutants impaired the proteasomal degradation of JMJD6 proteins. Elevated JMJD6 and ATF4 coordinated enhancer-promoter loop interactions to stimulate the glutathione biosynthesis pathway. Independent of androgen receptor, JMJD6 recruited mediator subunits (Med1/14) to assemble de novo enhancers mapping to pivotal genes associated with glutathione metabolism, including SLC7A11, GCLM, ME1, and others. SPOP mutations thus induced intrinsic resistance to ferroptosis, dependent on enhanced JMJD6-ATF4 activity. Consequently, targeting JMJD6 rendered SPOP-mutated PCa selectively sensitive to ferroptosis. The JMJD6 antagonist SKLB325 synergized with erastin in multiple pre-clinical PCa models. Together, this study identifies JMJD6 as a druggable vulnerability in SPOP-mutated PCa to increase sensitivity to ferroptosis inducers.
In Defence of “Serious Actualism”
Authors: Reicher Maria E. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In Francesco Berto’s words, the term “Serious Actualism” is used for the position “that any object must exist in every circumstance in which it has any property – the thesis that predication, or the having of properties as such, entails existence.” (“Modal Meinongianism and Fiction: The Best of Three Worlds”, Philosophical Studies 152, 2011, 324f.) Berto agrees with Nathan Salmon that Serious Actualism is “a confused and misguided prejudice” (Salmon, “Nonexistence”, Noûs 32, 1998, 290). The aim of this article is to defend the doctrine of Serious Actualism against this verdict.
Development of a Microsimulation Model to Project the Future Prevalence of Childhood Cancer in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Moskalewicz Alexandra , Gupta Sumit , Nathan Paul C. , Pechlivanoglou Petros 
Published: February 2025

Background Estimates of the future prevalence of childhood cancer are informative for health system planning but are underutilized. We describe the development of a pediatric oncology microsimulation model for prevalence (POSIM-Prev) and illustrate its application to produce projections of incidence, survival, and limited-duration prevalence of childhood cancer in Ontario, Canada, until 2040. Methods POSIM-Prev is a population-based, open-cohort, discrete-time microsimulation model. The model population was updated annually from 1970 to 2040 to account for births, deaths, net migration, and incident cases of childhood cancer. Prevalent individuals were followed until death, emigration, or the last year of simulation. Median population-based outcomes with 95% credible intervals (CrIs) were generated using Monte Carlo simulation. The methodology to derive model inputs included generalized additive modeling of cancer incidence, parametric survival modeling, and stochastic population forecasting. Individual-level data from provincial cancer registries for years 1970 to 2019 informed cancer-related model inputs and internal validation. Results The number of children (aged 0–14 y) diagnosed with cancer in Ontario is projected to rise from 414 (95% CrI: 353–486) in 2020 to 561 (95% CrI: 481–653) in 2039. The 5-y overall survival rate for 2030–2034 is estimated to reach 90% (95% CrI: 88%–92%). By 2040, 24,088 (95% CrI: 22,764–25,648) individuals with a history of childhood cancer (diagnosed in Ontario or elsewhere) are projected to reside in the province. The model accurately reproduced historical trends in incidence, survival, and prevalence when validated. Conclusions The rising incidence and prevalence of childhood cancer will create increased demand for both acute cancer care and long-term follow-up services in Ontario. The POSIM-Prev model can be used to support long-range health system planning and future health technology assessments in jurisdictions that have access to similar model inputs. Highlights This article describes the development of a population-based, discrete-time microsimulation model that can simulate incident and prevalent cases of childhood cancer in Ontario, Canada, until 2040. Use of an open cohort framework allowed for estimation of the potential impact of net migration on childhood cancer prevalence. In addition to supporting long-term health system planning, this model can be used in future health technology assessments, by providing a demographic profile of incident and prevalent cases for model conceptualization and budget impact purposes. This modeling framework is adaptable to other jurisdictions and disease areas where individual-level data for incidence and survival are available.
Investigating hyperostosis frontalis interna: a computed tomography analysis and predictive model for Hershkovitz classification
Authors: Mushtaq Raza , Bhandari Anish , Vedantham Srinivasan , Wruble Richard Joseph , Udayasankar Unni , Rogers Samuel N 
Published: February 2025

Background Axial computed tomography (CT) cross-sections offer an accessible model for assessing diverse pathologies associated with hyperostosis frontalis interna (HFI) based on the Hershkovitz classification. Purpose To delineate the CT characteristics of HFI, emphasizing a radiological description using the Hershkovitz classification. It investigated whether the Hershkovitz classification can be predicted using density, a variable unexplored in the literature. HFI thickness and the presence of concurrent hyperostosis beyond the frontal bone (HBFB) were evaluated across varying degrees of the Hershkovitz classification. Material and Methods This retrospective study evaluated characteristics of HFI on CT. Each case was assigned a Hershkovitz classification. Density and thickness of the HFI along with the presence of concurrent HBFB were evaluated and correlated with the Hershkovitz classification. Results Axial CT of 77 patients with HFI was evaluated. Patient characteristics including sex were uncorrelated with CT measurements ( P > 0.25) and Hershkovitz classification ( P > 0.06). Increasing HFI thickness was associated with a higher Hershkovitz classification (odds ratio [OR] = 1.863, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.452–2.389; P < 0.001), and increasing density of HFI was associated with a lower Hershkovitz classification (OR = 0.995, 95% CI = 0.992–0.998; P = 0.002). Higher Hershkovitz classification was also found to be associated with the presence of concurrent HBFB (OR = 31.694, 95% CI = 6.483–154.938; P < 0.001). Conclusion In our cohort, Hershkovitz classification on axial CT correlated with increased HFI thickness, presence of HBFB, and lower HFI density.
Risk factors for pelvic organ prolapse, a case-control study in a tertiary hospital in Iran
Authors: Sharifiaghdas Farzaneh , Narouie Behzad , Hanafi Bojd Hamideh , Dadpour Mehdi , Rostaminejad Niloofar , Motevalli Amini Seyed Kasra , Torabinavid Parham , Rouientan Hamidreza , Momeni Hamidreza , Radpour Negar , Matin Mohammad Hassan , Saygin Sara 
Published: February 2025

Background: Pelvic organ descent is a common gynecological disorder called pelvic organ prolapse (POP). Conservative care and surgical repair are women’s primary treatments for pelvic organ prolapse. Modifying risk factors is a crucial keystone to reducing its prevalence. Methods: This unmatched case-control study was conducted at a Tehran referral hospital (June 15 to September 10, 2020) and involved 287 participants (139 cases, 148 controls). Structured questionnaires gathered socio-demographic, obstetric, health, and lifestyle data. Analyses encompassed univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Results: Among cases, 69 (49.6%) had anterior prolapse, 46 (33.1%) had posterior prolapse, and 24 (17.3%) experienced complete prolapse. The mean age of participants with POP was 62.7 ± 10.7 years compared to 44.5 ± 12.7 years for controls. Risk factors significantly associated with POP included higher BMI (28.01 ± 4.7 vs 26.18 ± 4.6; p = 0.002), gravidity (4.49 ± 2.89 vs 2.18 ± 1.63; p < 0.001), vaginal deliveries (3.60 ± 2.07 vs 1.03 ± 1.57; p < 0.001), prolonged labor (12.2% vs 2.7%; OR: 4.91, 95% CI: 1.61–14.99), and comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus (30.2% vs 8.8%; OR: 4.49, 95% CI: 2.29–8.83) and hypertension (34.5% vs 6.8%; OR: 7.28, 95% CI: 3.50–15.12). Protective factors included higher education levels and a history of cesarean delivery (mean cesarean count: 0.31 ± 0.72 vs 0.78 ± 0.88; p < 0.001). Conclusions: This study highlights key risk factors for POP among Iranian women, emphasizing the need for targeted preventive strategies. Public health interventions addressing these factors may reduce the burden of POP in developing regions.
Unpacking the Association Between Food Insecurity and Mental Health Disorders Among Older Adults
Authors: Chai Lei , Chai Xiangnan 
Published: February 2025

Objectives Previous research shows a negative correlation between food insecurity and mental health, but limited exploration exists among older adults. This study examines this association in Canadian adults aged 65 and older, focusing on the mediating roles of perceived life stress and community belonging, and the moderating role of gender. Methods Cross-sectional data from the 2017–2018 Canadian Community Health Survey ( n = 28,044) were analyzed using logistic regression. Results The associations between food insecurity and both anxiety and mood disorders were partially mediated by high life stress and low community belonging. The adverse associations of food insecurity, high life stress, and low community belonging with an anxiety disorder were more pronounced in women than in men. Similar patterns were observed for a mood disorder. Discussion Interventions should address food insecurity, life stress, and community belonging, with particular attention to the unique challenges faced by older women to improve mental health.
Associations Between Child and Parent Characteristics and Parenting Stress in Japanese Mothers of Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Authors: Haneda Ricky , Shimabukuro Shizuka , Daley David , Tripp Gail 
Published: February 2025

Objective: Parents of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) experience elevated levels of stress in their parenting role. Understanding what contributes to such stress is important for its management. Methods: We assessed associations between child and parent characteristics and parenting stress in Japanese mothers of 6–12-year-old children with ADHD recruited through the community ( n = 51) and hospital child psychiatry/pediatric clinics ( n = 124). Hierarchical multiple regression analyses assessed the extent to which child symptom severity (ADHD and ODD), parenting efficacy, depression, and maternal ADHD symptoms explained variance in both child-domain and parent-domain parenting stress. Results: Child symptom severity and maternal depression accounted for significant variance in child-domain parenting stress. Child ODD, parenting efficacy, depression, and maternal ADHD (clinic sample) explained significant variance in parent-domain parenting stress. Exploratory cross-sectional mediational analyses highlight the inter-relatedness of the associations between parenting-efficacy, maternal depression and parent-domain parenting stress. The association between maternal ADHD and parent-domain parenting stress is statistically fully mediated by maternal depression. Conclusion: The pattern of associations between child and parent characteristics and parenting stress in Japanese mothers of children with ADHD are consistent with Abidin’s model of parenting stress with implications for clinical management.
To study the nanofiber enhanced composite respiratory masks for higher filtration performance and reusability
Authors: Handa Ashish , Mukhopadhyay Arunangshu 
Published: February 2025

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the critical need for adequate respiratory protection, leading to a surge in non-powered air-purifying respirators (N-PAPRs). It is even relevant for future requirements as, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), the pandemic is not yet all over. This paper investigates the development and optimization of composite N95 respirators by incorporating nanofibrous membranes made from polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and polyvinyldifluoride (PVDF) using the electrospinning technique. The study assesses the impact of areal densities (g/m2) on penetration performance under three different levels of face velocities based on realistic situations. Our findings indicate that despite having a finer diameter and higher surface area of the PVDF nanomembrane, the respirator incorporated with PAN nanofibrous membrane exhibits higher filtration% (ŋ = 96.5% at 0.6 g/m2 and 9 cm/s). It was also found that when the areal density increases, the difference in penetration between PAN and PVDF composites gets marginalized. In contrast, the initial pressure drop was significantly similar in both polymer composites, but as the areal density increases, the pressure drop increases notably. Moreover, an innovative self-decontamination method was introduced utilizing graphene oxide (GO), which leverages light-responsive properties to achieve antibacterial effects through reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and localized heating. This dual functionality extends the respirators’ usability while maintaining safety and efficacy. The findings suggest that optimizing the areal density of nanofibrous membranes can significantly enhance respirator performance, addressing the high filtration efficiency, low pressure drop and enhancing the span life of the respirator masks (N95).
Reduced volume of the mediodorsal and anteroventral thalamus is associated with anxiety in Parkinson's disease: A cross-sectional 7-tesla MRI study
Authors: Carey Guillaume , Kuijf Mark L , Michielse Stijn , Wolters Amée F , Dujardin Kathy , Leentjens Albert FG 
Published: February 2025

Background Parkinson's disease (PD)-related anxiety occurs frequently and may be associated with imbalance between anxiety-related circuits. While the thalamus is a shared region of these circuits, its role in PD-related anxiety has not been explored so far. Objective To identify changes in volume of the thalamus and its subnuclei in patients with PD-related anxiety. Methods Cognitively intact PD patients (n = 105) were divided into two groups based on their score on the Parkinson anxiety scale (PAS): 31 PD patients had anxiety (Anx-PD) and 74 did not have anxiety (non-Anx-PD). Forty-five healthy control subjects were included. Participants underwent 7-Tesla MRI scanning. Using automatic segmentation, the volumes of the thalamus and its subnuclei were measured, compared between the groups and regressed on the PAS. Results The volumes of the thalamus and its subnuclei did not significantly differ between the groups. However, in anxious PD patients, more severe anxiety was strongly associated with a smaller volume of the right medial thalamic subregion, specifically the right mediodorsal magnocellular nucleus and the right mediodorsal parvocellular nucleus (R = 0.63, ßPAS = −0.546, p-valuemodel = 0.007 and R = 0.60, ßPAS = −0.547, p-valuemodel = 0.016, respectively), and of the left anteroventral thalamus (R = 0.73, FDR p-valuemodel = 0.002, ßPAS = −0.407, p-valuePAS = 0.01). Conclusions A reduced volume of the mediodorsal and anteroventral thalamus, overlapping structures between the anxiety related circuits, are associated with more severe PD-related anxiety and may explain its high prevalence in the disease.
Demystifying Infusion Pumps: Design of a Cost-Effective Platform for Education and Innovation
Authors: Cayetano-Jiménez Israel Ulises , López-Jiménez Nubia Pamela , Bustamante-Bello Rogelio 
Published: February 2025

Introduction: This article presents a cost-effective, modular infusion platform to help diabetes specialists customize and understand infusion pump mechanics and control principles. Traditional insulin pumps are costly and inflexible, limiting accessibility, and particularly in low-resource settings. Inspired by open-source initiatives like OpenAPS, this platform engages specialists in device operation and customization, offering practical insights into infusion technology. Method: An initial survey assessed technological literacy, customization interests, and feature preferences among Mexican diabetes specialists, followed by a hands-on engagement session with the platform’s hardware. Core components are described and chosen for reliability, affordability, and integration ease. A follow-up survey evaluated specialists’ confidence and interest in device customization, gathering feedback on usability and design. Results: Survey data showed strong specialist interest in understanding device mechanics and high confidence in customization after hands-on engagement. Most specialists found the hardware layout conducive to experimentation, with significant interest in closed-loop capabilities. Key valued features included safety, affordability, ease of use, customization, and integration of diverse continuous glucose monitors, with added suggestions for potential clinical certification, cost-effective supplies, and artificial intelligence integration. Conclusion: This platform offers a promising educational and developmental tool in diabetes management, bridging clinical application, and customization. Its low-cost, modular design provides a feasible solution for low-resource settings, equipping specialists to tailor devices for specific patient needs. While the platform’s educational potential is clear, further studies and validation are essential for a possible transition to a clinical-grade device. Continued development could democratize access to advanced diabetes technology, transforming specialist training, and patient care.
Hyperintensity of the left piriform cortex and amygdala on T2-weighted FLAIR images in patients with probable Alzheimer’s disease correlates with cerebral cortical atrophy
Authors: Ishizaka Hiroshi , Sekine Akiko , Naka Minoru , Nakano Saeki , Nagase Hiroyuki , Tsushima Yoshito 
Published: February 2025

Background The left piriform cortex and amygdala (PC&A) tend to be slightly hyperintense relative to the right PC&A on T2-weighted fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (T2W-FLAIR) images in patients with probable Alzheimer’s disease (pAD). This likely represents the antecedent and thus advanced degeneration of the left PC&A. Purpose To investigate the relationship between left PC&A hyperintensities and cerebral cortical atrophy on magnetic resonance (MR) voxel-based morphometry in patients with pAD and discuss how this finding could relate to AD progression. Material and Methods Patients with pAD ( n = 47; age range = 68–93 years, mean = 80.8 ± 6.7 years; 14 men and 33 women) who underwent T2W-FLAIR imaging and MR morphometric study using a voxel-based specific regional analysis system for AD (VSRAD) were retrospectively examined. To measure signal intensity ratios of the left to right PC&A (L-PC&A/R-PC&A), regions of interest (ROIs) were set on the transaxial images in which both PC&As were most broadly depicted; the ROIs were defined as large as possible. Correlations between the L-PC&A/R-PC&A and medial temporal lobe cortical atrophy (MTLCA) as well as whole cerebral cortical atrophy (WCCA) on VSRAD were determined. Correlation between the L-PC&A/R-PC&A and age was also determined. Results The L-PC&A/R-PC&A correlated with both MTLCA (r = 0.375, p = .010, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.095–0.600) and WCCA (r = 0.576, p < .001, 95% CI = 0.343–0.742). The L-PC&A/R-PC&A did not correlate with age (r = 0.013, p = .932, 95% CI = −0.282–0.305). Conclusion Left-sided dominance of PC&A degeneration appeared to accelerate with the progression of AD stages.