bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research on the Mechanism of Diamond Heteroepitaxial Growth Based on First‐principles Calculations
Authors: Zhang Yanyan , Wang Yinghao , Shen Jie , Zhang Dongliang , Gan Zhiwen , Yang Bo , Gan Zhiyin , Wang Fan 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAlthough single‐crystal diamond is successfully grown on some other substrate materials, the heteroepitaxial mechanism is still not fully understood. In this research, by analyzing the density of states curve of surface atoms in heterostructures and comparing them with atoms in the bulk material, the electronic properties of the surface atoms can be revealed. Monolayer carbon (C) atoms on cubic boron nitride (c‐BN) surface exhibit some properties of diamond‐like carbon. Conversely, the monolayer C atoms covering the Iridium (Ir) surface demonstrate distinct metallic properties. The C atoms on the surface of the 8‐layer heterostructure exhibit some properties of diamond‐like carbon. This explains why single‐crystal diamond heteroepitaxy growth on Ir film requires the bias‐enhanced nucleation process. However, on the c‐BN surface, single‐crystal diamonds can be grown directly. The method is also used to analyze the heteroepitaxy of indium phosphide (InP) on gallium arsenide (GaAs) and gallium nitride (GaN) on aluminum nitride (AlN), and the results have further confirmed the effectiveness. Therefore, this approach offers a new perspective for identifying suitable substrate materials based on their electronic properties, rather than solely relying on the matching of lattice constants and surface energies.
The Transcription Factor WFZP Interacts with the Chromatin Remodeler TaSYD to Regulate Root Architecture and Nitrogen Uptake Efficiency in Wheat
Authors: Du Dejie , Li Zhaoju , Jiang Zihao , Yuan Jun , Zhang Xiangyu , Zhao Huanhuan , Tian Lulu , Liu Yunjie , Li Renhan , He Fei , Li Xiongtao , Ke Wensheng , Chai Lingling , Liu Jie , Xin Mingming , Yao Yingyin , Sun Qixin , Xing Jiewen , Ni Zhongfu 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe root architecture is crucial for the robust growth and nutrient absorption in cereals. However, it is urgent to identify the factors that simultaneously optimize root architecture and nutrient utilization in wheat. In this study, a beneficial role of the class II AP2/ERF transcription factor WHEAT FRIZZY PANICLE (WFZP) on lateral root number (LRN), root length (RL), and nitrogen utilization is revealed. In addition, interactors of WFZP including TaSYD are identified, as a subunit of the chromatin remodeling complex. The Tasyd mutants show a significant reduction in LRN, RL, and nitrogen uptake efficiency, resembling the phenotype of wfzp mutants. Furthermore, it is revealed that the WFZP‐TaSYD module promotes the expression of root development and nitrate uptake‐related genes by modulating chromatin accessibility and histone modifications. Finally, an elite allele (WFZP‐A‐I) associated with improved LRN and thousand‐grain weight (TGW) is identified. Hence, these findings not only unveil the mechanisms underlying the coordination of root development and nitrogen uptake efficiency, but also provide valuable targets for breeding high‐yield crops.
Lipid Droplets Metabolism Mediated by ANXA7‐PPARγ Signaling Axis Regulates Spinal Cord Injury Repair in Mice
Authors: Chen Lu , Liu Haoran , Jiang Linlin , Wang Zihang , Chang Yong , Li Na , Feng Shiqing 
Published: February 2025

AbstractSpinal cord injury is characterized by high incidence and high disability, and the specific targets and drugs have not yet been explored. Lipid droplet is a type of organelles that regulates lipid metabolism and oxidative stress. And the regulatory mechanisms of lipid droplets on spinal cord injury remain unclear. Herein, it is found that GTPase activation of Annexin A7 (ANXA7) promotes the up‐regulation of genes related to lipid droplet formation. ANXA7 can interact with peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) to enhance the stability of PPARγ, and promote lipid droplet formation and interaction with mitochondria through promoting Perilipin 5 expression. Then, oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation are inhibited due to the promotion of nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (NRF2) nuclear translocation and expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4). ANXA7 activation promotes lipid droplet formation and mitochondria‐lipid droplet interaction by enhancing nuclear translocation of PPARγ, which contributes to inhibiting lipid peroxidation and neuron damage. Furthermore, activation of PPARγ can promote neural function recovery and spinal cord repair in mice. The focus of this study is to investigate the effects of lipid droplets regulated by ANXA7/PPARγ, providing new targets and strategies for spinal cord injury.
Designing Hydrophobic Micro‐Three‐Phase Reaction Interfaces to Enhance the ORR Kinetics Toward Zinc‐Air Battery
Authors: Tu Wen‐Bin , Song Li‐Na , Liang Shuang , Wang Yue , Sun Yu , Wang Huan‐Feng , Xu Ji‐Jing 
Published: February 2025

AbstractZinc−air batteries (ZABs) are considered as a promising option for energy storage systems and the consumer electronic market. The sluggish kinetics of oxygen reduction/evolution reactions at cathodes result in issues such as low power density and unsatisfactory cyclic life. Herein, a superiorly simple strategy of hydrophobicity engineering is used to regulate the rich micro‐three‐phase interfaces (MTPI) of the cathode by adopting hydrophobic ionic liquid coated on N‐doped hollow carbon spheres. According to the results of ab initial molecular dynamics simulation and finite element method, the spatial distance between the catalysts and electrolytes can be effectively expanded by the generated hydrophobic micro‐environment, which is beneficial to creating cavities at the boundaries of the three‐phase interfaces of the electrochemical reaction, further improving the oxygen concentration around the catalytic active sites and improving the sufficient utilization of the catalytic active sites. Accordingly, the as‐assembled ZABs exhibit an excellent rate performance of 0.94 V (@ 150 mA cm−2), lower galvanostatic charge–discharge voltage gap of 0.77 V (2 mA cm−2) with extremely long cyclic stability over 1000 h, and a maximum power density of 193 mW cm−2. The obtained beneficial results provide a promising strategy for designing high‐performance ZABs and promoting its industrial application.
Boosting Ion Conduction and Moisture Stability Through Zn2+ Substitution of Chloride Electrolytes for All‐Solid‐State Lithium Batteries
Authors: Lei Peng , Wu Gang , Liu Hong , Qi Xiang , Wu Meng , Li Dabing , Li Yang , Gao Lei , Nan Ce‐Wen , Fan Li‐Zhen 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe recently emerged chloride solid electrolytes have garnered significant attention due to their superior ionic conductivity, wide electrochemical stability window, and exceptional compatibility with high‐voltage oxide cathodes. Nevertheless, the currently cost‐effective Zr‐based chloride solid electrolytes face significant challenges, including low ionic conductivity and poor moisture stability. Herein, a versatile Zn2+‐doped Zr‐based chloride electrolyte is presented, designed to meet the aforementioned requirements. The optimized Li2.4Zr0.8Zn0.2Cl6 exhibits an improved ionic conductivity of 1.13 mS cm−1 at 30 °C. Simultaneously, the Li2.4Zr0.8Zn0.2Cl6 also demonstrates impressive moisture stability, maintaining its structural integrity after exposure to humid air. The mechanism underlying the enhanced moisture stability of Li2.4Zr0.8Zn0.2Cl6 is further elucidated by density functional theory calculations. Most notably, whether coupled with LiCoO2 or LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 cathodes, Li2.4Zr0.8Zn0.2Cl6‐based all‐solid‐state batteries demonstrate exceptional cycling stability and rate performance. This high ionic conduction and moisture‐resistant chloride electrolyte holds great promise for significantly advancing the commercialization of all‐solid‐state lithium batteries.
Sustainable Recovery and Reuse of Hard Carbon From Scrap and End‐of‐Life Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Liu Bowen , Song Tengfei , Chen Lin , Shekhar Ashwin T. , Mirolo Marta , Vinci Valentin , Drnec Jakub , Cornelio Joel , Xie Dongrui , Driscoll Elizabeth H. , Slater Peter R. , Kendrick Emma 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAs Sodium‐ion battery (SIB) technology progresses toward commercial viability, sustainable end‐of‐life (EOL) management is critical. Methods for recycling key components such as hard carbon (HC), a negative electrode material, remain underexplored. This study introduces a direct and efficient recycling approach for HC from production scrap and EOL cells using “ice‐stripping” followed by a low‐temperature binder negation at 300 °C under nitrogen. The effects of temperature on HC structural integrity and electrochemical performance are comprehensively characterized using XRD, Wide‐Angle X‐ray Scattering (WAXS), and XPS. Heating above 400 °C induces irreversible damage to HC's graphene layers and modifies the carbon surfaces, resulting in poor electrochemical performance. However, HC reclaimed at 300 °C retains near‐pristine electrochemical performance, with capacities of 243 mAh g⁻¹ (scrap) and 228 mAh g⁻¹ (EOL) after 50 cycles. Full‐cell configurations demonstrates robust cycling stability, with 86% and 89% capacity retention after 200 cycles for HC derived from scrap and EOL cells, respectively. This work highlights the potential of lower‐temperature, direct recycling to enable a circular economy for SIBs. The findings set a benchmark for developing sustainable recycling methods for HC and other SIB components.
Robust and ultrathin pore‐filling anion exchange membranes for water electrolysis
Authors: Zou Wenhao , Peng Kang , Ling Rene , Li Qixuan , Liu Yulin , Xu Tongwen , Yang Zhengjin 
Published: February 2025

AbstractUltrathin and robust composite anion exchange membranes are developed by infiltrating poly(biphenyl piperidinium) solution into PE porous substrate and overcoming the poor wettability of the PE substrate in a pore‐filling procedure. By strengthening the binding between ionomers and the porous substrate via a physical interlocking strategy, symmetric and dense composite membranes were developed. A representative membrane, namely PE‐PBP‐30%, displays a tensile strength exceeding 118 MPa, an elongation at break around 87%, and maintains H2 permeability as low as 1.85 Barrer at 2 bar. Anion exchange membrane water electrolysis (AEMWE) based on the PE‐PBP‐30% could be operated at a current density of up to 800 mA/cm2 at 1.8 V and demonstrates stable performance at 500 mA/cm2 and 60°C for 600 h with a voltage increase rate of 0.25 mV/h. This study explores the possibility of combining traditional homogeneous AEMs with diaphragm membranes for AEMWE and provides insights into the development of AEMWEs using pore‐filling membranes.
Earnings losses in young‐onset dementia: Population‐based study with admin data
Authors: Bagnasco Gaia , Bakx Pieter , Licher Silvan , van Exel Job , Wouterse Bram 
Published: February 2025

AbstractINTRODUCTIONYoung‐onset dementia is often diagnosed late, leaving gaps in understanding its impact on employment, income, and social security.METHODSAnalyzing health insurance claims and medical records, we studied 16,010 young‐onset dementia cases and 129,616 matched controls. Using a non‐parametric event study, we assessed earnings, earnings plus benefits, employment losses, and benefit use, considering demographic and socio‐economic factors.RESULTSEarnings fell by 58.7% in the years prior to dementia identification, totaling €144,013 in losses, and earnings plus benefits decreased by 20.7% (€68,533). We observed a 35.5 percentage point decrease in employment, a 23.9 percentage point increase in disability insurance, and a 2.7 percentage point rise in welfare benefit use. Primary education and lack of a partner correlated with higher earning losses and lower disability insurance uptake.DISCUSSIONEarly diagnosis and robust social support systems are vital to alleviate the financial and professional challenges faced by individuals with dementia under age 65.Highlights
Working‐age persons experience job loss at least 21 years before dementia identification.
Job loss is linked to 59% (€16,643) earnings drop 16 years before dementia identification.
Losses in earning were not fully compensated by social insurance.
A generous social insurance system eases the financial impact of young‐onset dementia.
Attention is needed in the work environment and on disability benefit decisions.
A head‐to‐head comparison of plasma biomarkers to detect Alzheimer's disease in a memory clinic
Authors: Anastasi Federica , Fernández‐Lebrero Aida , Ashton Nicholas J. , Ortiz‐Romero Paula , Torres‐Torronteras Javier , González‐Escalante Armand , Milà‐Alomà Marta , Contador José , García‐Escobar Greta , Manero‐Borràs Rosa María , Navalpotro‐Gómez Irene , Jiménez‐Moyano Esther , Sahajan Aparna , Hao Qinyu , Zhang Bingqing , Jeromin Andreas , Le Bastard Nathalie , Nadal Alicia , Mousavi Tahmine , Kollmorgen Gwendlyn , Carboni Margherita , Grau‐Rivera Oriol , Zetterberg Henrik , del Campo Marta , Blennow Kaj , Puig‐Pijoan Albert , Suárez‐Calvet Marc 
Published: February 2025

AbstractINTRODUCTIONBlood‐based biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been widely studied, but direct comparisons of several biomarkers in clinical settings remain limited.METHODSIn this cross‐sectional study, plasma biomarkers from 197 participants in the BIODEGMAR cohort (Hospital del Mar, Barcelona) were analyzed. Participants were classified based on AD cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) core biomarkers. We assessed the ability of plasma p‐tau181, p‐tau217, p‐tau231, t‐tau, and Aβ42/40 to classify Aβ pathology status.RESULTSPlasma p‐tau biomarkers had a greater diagnostic performance and larger effect sizes compared to t‐tau and Aβ42/40 assays in detecting Aβ pathology. Among them, plasma p‐tau217 consistently outperformed the others, demonstrating superior area under the curves. Furthermore, p‐tau217 showed the strongest correlation between plasma and CSF levels, underscoring its potential as a reliable surrogate for CSF biomarkers.DISCUSSIONSeveral plasma biomarkers, targeting different epitopes and using different platforms, demonstrated high performance in detecting AD in a memory clinic setting.Highlights
Plasma p‐tau biomarkers demonstrated higher diagnostic performance and larger effect sizes than t‐tau and Aβ42/40 assays in detecting Alzheimer's disease.
Among the p‐tau biomarkers, p‐tau217 assays consistently outperformed the others, providing superior classification of Aβ pathology status across different phosphorylation sites.
p‐tau217 assays showed the strongest correlation between plasma and CSF levels, indicating its potential as a reliable surrogate for CSF biomarkers.
Several plasma p‐tau biomarkers can be used in a specialized memory clinic to accurately detect Alzheimer's disease.
The interaction between dysfunction of vasculature and tauopathy in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias
Authors: Huang Chuyao , Wei Zhenwen , Zheng Ningxiang , Yan Jingsi , Zhang Jiayu , Ye Xinyi , Zhao Wei 
Published: February 2025

AbstractTauopathy is one of the pathological features of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). At present, there have been many studies on the formation, deposition, and intercellular transmission of tau in neurons and immune cells. The vasculature is an important component of the central nervous system. This review discusses the interaction between vasculature and tau in detail from three aspects. (1) The vascular risk factors (VRFs) discussed in this review include diabetes mellitus (DM), abnormal blood pressure (BP), and hypercholesterolemia. (2) In ADRD pathology, the hyperphosphorylation and deposition of tau interact with disrupted vasculature, such as different cells (endothelial cells, smooth muscular cells, and pericytes), the blood−brain barrier (BBB), and the cerebral lymphatic system. (3) The functions of vasculature are regulated by various signaling transductions. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase/nitric oxide, calcium signaling, Rho/Rho‐associated coiled‐coil containing Kinase, and receptors for advanced glycation end products are discussed in this review. Our findings indicate that the prevention and treatment of vascular health may be a potential target for ADRD combination therapy.Highlights
Persistent VRFs increase early disruption of vascular mechanisms and are strongly associated with tau pathology in ADRD.
Cell dysfunction in the vasculature causes BBB leakage and drainage incapacity of the cerebral lymphatic system, which interacts with tau pathology.
Signaling molecules in the vasculature regulate vasodilation and contraction, angiogenesis, and CBF. Abnormal signaling transduction is related to tau hyperphosphorylation and deposition.
Tau pathology is associated with postsynaptic metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) in early Alzheimer's disease in a sex‐specific manner
Authors: Wang Yan , Wang Jie , Chen Xing , Lin Zengping , You Zhiwen , He Kun , Guo Tengfei , Zhao Jun , Huang Qi , Ni Ruiqing , Guan Yihui , Li Binyin , Xie Fang 
Published: February 2025

AbstractINTRODUCTIONTo investigate the associations of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) with tau deposition and cognitive ability in patients with early Alzheimer's disease (AD).METHODSTwenty‐six cognitively impaired (CI) and 14 cognitively unimpaired (CU) individuals underwent mGluR5 positron emission tomography (PET) ([18F]PSS232), amyloid PET ([18F]florbetapir), and tau PET ([18F]MK6240), and neuropsychological assessment. The relationships among mGluR5 availability, tau deposition, and neuropsychological assessment were analyzed using Spearman's correlation and mediation analyses.RESULTSCI patients had lower mGluR5 in the hippocampus than CU (standardized uptake value ratio [SUVr]: 2.03 ± 0.25 vs 1.79 ± 0.17, p = 0.003). Hippocampal mGluR5 was negatively associated with hippocampal tau deposition (r = −.46, p = 0.003) and positively associated with cognitive performance, but only in women. Hippocampal tau deposition mediated the effect of mGluR5 on cognitive performance.DISCUSSIONReduced hippocampal mGluR5 is negatively related with tau deposition in most cortical regions and positively associated with cognitive performance, making it a promising biomarker for AD diagnosis and therapy.Highlights
Cognitively impaired (CI) patients exhibited lower metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) availability in the hippocampus than cognitively unimpaired (CU) subjects.
Hippocampal mGluR5 availability was negatively associated with tau deposition in widespread cortex.
Hippocampal mGluR5 availability was positively associated with cognitive performance.
The close association of mGluR5 with tau and cognition performance exists only in females.
Tau pathology mediated the relationship between mGluR5 availability and cognition.
Preparation of Terminal Isocyanate‐Based Polyurethane Prepolymer and Its Toughening and Modification of Epoxy Resin
Authors: Deng Jieqiang , Huang Anmin , Jiang Qinggeng 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTTo improve the performance of epoxy resin (EP), this study selected hexamethylene diisocyanate trimer (HDI trimer) and polypropylene glycol (PPG1000) as the main raw materials. Through a simple addition reaction, a terminal isocyanate group (NCO) polyurethane prepolymer (PUP) was successfully synthesized. A grafting reaction with EP was then carried out to prepare a series of epoxy resin grafted interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) polymers (EP‐PUP‐n) modified by the polyurethane prepolymer. The effect of PUP on the material properties was investigated. According to the results of mechanical performance tests, when the PUP content reached 20 phr, the impact strength and elongation at break of the EP‐PUP‐20 material increased by 128.1% and 43.1%, respectively, compared to pure EP material. Meanwhile, its tensile strength and bending strength remained at levels of 68.8 and 102.3 MPa, respectively. Thermogravimetric analysis shows that PUP‐EP‐n has excellent thermal stability. This opens up new avenues for the use of epoxy resins in various fields.
Preparation of Biochar Derived From Lychee Shell and Its Application in Simultaneous Detection of Catechol and Hydroquinone
Authors: Chen Qian , Jiang Jianrong , Lin Jialiang , Wang Xinyu , Chen Kai , Huang Xiaoyan , Huang Jianzi , Wang Chaogang , Hu Zhangli , Xu Hong 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTFour biochars were prepared from lychee shell with or without phosphoric acid activation under one‐ or two‐stage heating, and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy, respectively. Their adsorption capacities were evaluated by methylene blue adsorption test. Their electrochemical properties were depicted by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The biochar prepared by two‐stage heating and phosphoric acid activation (LSC‐THP) exhibited a high porosity, the best adsorption capacity, lowest electric resistance and largest electrochemically active surface, was applied to modify a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) after mixed with chitosan (CS), to fabricate the sensing electrode LSC‐THP/CS/GCE for the simultaneous detection of catechol (CC) and hydroquinone (HQ). Square wave voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry measurements indicated that LSC‐THP/CS/GCE exhibited the best response current signal at pH 6.6, with the linear detection range of 10–2000 μmol·L−1 and limit of detections of 1.23 and 0.44 μmol·L−1 for CC and HQ detections, respectively. LSC‐THP/CS/GCE also exhibited a good anti‐interference ability and could be applied to the simultaneous detection of CC and HQ in real samples. This study provides a promising approach to improve the electrochemical performance of biochars for the development of novel electrochemical sensors.
In Air Superhydrophilic/Superoleophobic Nanofibrous Membranes for Separation of Oil‐In‐Water Emulsions
Authors: Wang Jingjing , Zhong Dacheng , Wang Xiaoyuan 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIn air superhydrophilic/superoleophobic membranes display incomparable advantages for oil/water separation. However, such membranes are difficult to obtain on the basis of surface tension theory. In this study, poly(vinyl alcohol)/titanium dioxide@perfluorooctanoic acid (PVA/TiO2@PFOA) nanofibrous membrane was fabricated by the electrospinning technique, followed by UV‐induced crosslinking and surface modification through an esterification reaction. The obtained membranes were easily wettable by water, and static oil contact angles for these membranes were found to be above 150° in air. The superhydrophilicity was primarily caused by the presence of Ti‐OH groups on the membranes, which exhibited a strong affinity for water molecules. Surface enrichment of fluorocarbon groups accounted for the superoleophobicity of the membranes. These membranes showed excellent separation performance for various oil‐in‐water emulsions. The maximum permeate flux reached 3865.6 L·m−2·h−1 with a separation efficiency of 99.39%. The developed PVA/TiO2@PFOA membrane with in air superhydrophilic/superoleophobic property and good reusability displayed prospective potential in the remediation of oily wastewater.