bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Light‐Sheet Microscopy to Elucidate Hemodynamic Forces and Modulation of Cardiac Trabeculation: Implications for Embryonic Contractile Function
Authors: Lee Juhyun , Sevag Packard Rene R. , Xu Hao , Kang Hanul , Baek Kyung In , Jen Nelson , Jay Kuo C. C. , Chi Neil C , Ho Chih‐ming , Li Rongsong , Hsiai Tzung 
Published: November 2023

Hemodynamic forces are intimately linked with cardiac morphogenesis. Trabeculation develops after cardiac looping, and mutations in Notch signaling result in congenital heart defects. The mechanotransduction mechanisms underlying trabeculation remain elusive. We assessed whether shear stress up‐regulated Notch signaling to modulate trabeculation with implications for contractile function. We implemented the light‐sheet method Selective Plane Illumination Microscopy (SPIM) for fast imaging and high axial resolution of myocardium (3‐D+time) in live zebrafish embryos. 3‐D quantification revealed attenuation in trabeculated myocardium in response to reduced viscosity and shear stress by Gata1a‐morpholino oligonucleotides (MO) micro‐injection and in the absence of atrial contractions in wea mutants. However, co‐injection with Nrg‐1 mRNA rescued trabeculation and restored mRNA expression of Notch ligands (Dll4, Jagged‐1 and Jagged‐2), receptor (Notch 1b), and signaling components (Nrg‐1 and ErbB2). Trabeculation was inhibited in response to 1) arresting hemodynamic forces by blocking cardiac Troponin T type 2a via Tnnt2a‐MO, and 2) depleting endocardium via the use of the cloche mutant. Tnnt2a‐MO down‐regulated Notch target genes to a greater extent than did Gata1a‐MO and exhibited a thin ventricular wall without trabeculation, and cloche mutant expressed low levels of Notch‐related genes. A pulsatile flow system (taverage=23 dyn·cm−2 at 1 Hz) corroborated shear stress activation of Notch target genes. Gata1a MO and the ErbB2 inhibitor AG1478 further reduced ventricular strain and fractional shortening, coupled with increased systolic and diastolic volume. Gata1a MO micro‐injection and wea mutant resulted in an attenuation of trabecular network in the ventricle in association with a reduction in WSS. However, rescuing notch signaling by Nrg‐1 mRNA partially restored trabeculation. Cloche mutant and tnnt2a MO also resulted in a significant reduction in trabeculation. The 4‐D optical SPIM technique has provided an unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution to link hemodynamics with development of trabeculationin live zebrafish embryos. Thus, light‐sheets elucidate hemodynamic modulation of trabeculation by activation of Notch signaling with translational implications in contractile function in ventricular non‐compactionin zebrafish model.Support or Funding InformationThis study was supported by the National Institutes of Health HL118650 (T.K.H.), HL083015 (T.K.H.), HD069305 (N.C.C., T.K.H.), HL111437 (T.K.H., N.C.C.), T32HL007895 (R.R.S.P.), and AHA Pre‐Doctoral Fellowship 15PRE21400019 (J.L.).
Trapped Lung Secondary to Cardiomegaly in a 78 year‐old Male with Congestive Heart Failure
Authors: Amabile Amy Helen , DePhilip Robert M. , Moffatt‐Bruce Susan D 
Published: November 2023

Introduction/ObjectiveAlthough the etiologies of both trapped lung and cardiomegaly are well‐established, co‐presentation of the two conditions, and possible interactions between them, are much rarer. The objective of this report is to describe our findings during cadaver dissection, consider possible interactions between the two conditions, and discuss issues related to decision‐making for imaging and clinical interventions.Case ReportDuring routine dissection of a 78 year‐old male cadaver we found a trapped left lung and enlarged heart almost completely occupying the left pleural cavity. The subject's past medical history included heart failure, hypertension, and pleural effusion, and was consistent with a diagnosis of both conditions. A trapped lung is a shrunken lung surrounded by a cortex of fibrotic visceral pleura, typically formed as a consequence of chronic pleural effusion. This subject's left lung was deformed, and markedly diminished compared with the right lung, particularly in the lower lobe. His cardiothoracic ratio was 0.54, consistent with a diagnosis of cardiomegaly. Ventricular wall thickness measurements indicated substantial biventricular hypertrophy. During the final week of his life he underwent multiple chest radiographs showing persistent opacification of the left pleural cavity and the presence of pleural effusion. Both before and after thoracentesis neither the trapped lung, nor the enlarged heart, were identified.Clinical Considerations/ConclusionsWas the presence of both a trapped lung and enlarged heart in the present subject a coincidence, or was there some sort of causation? Although no direct causal connection has been established between the two conditions, analogies can be found in the literature. Compression of the heart on the left lung due to post‐surgical edema after coronary artery bypass grafting has been shown to cause decreased gas volumes in the lower lobe. Conversely, after pneumonectomy, the increased afterload resulting from a decreased pulmonary vascular bed has been shown to cause right ventricular hypertrophy. It is possible that similar mechanisms played a role in the development of either the trapped lung or enlarged heart in the present subject.This subject may have benefitted from earlier identification of his trapped lung in the years prior to his death. This would have offered additional treatment options, such as surgical decortication. Early identification also would have prevented the cost, discomfort and risks of repeat thoracentesis. Thoracentesis is not recommended in the case of trapped lung, as the pleural cavity will immediately refill due to the negative pleural pressure. Greater awareness, and a higher overall index of suspicion among clinicians for the presence of trapped lung and its sequelae, would lead to more routine use of CT scans in similar cases, and likely overall improved, and potentially more efficient, patient care.Support or Funding InformationN/A
Surgical radiologic anatomy of aberrant right subclavian artery (arteria lusoria). A study on 160 CT scans.
Authors: Settembre Nicla , Malikov Sergueï , Jeannon Fanette , Bouziane Zakariyae 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionThe Arteria lusoria (AL) is the most common anatomical variation of the supra‐aortic trunks. The symptomatic forms are rare and occur by compression of the oesophagus (dysphagia lusoria) or aneurismal transformation of the AL with a risk of rupture or embolism including posterior stroke or ischemia of the hand. The AL may be involved in aortic aneurismal pathology type or dissection and may complicate endovascular management. The aim of this study is to firstly clarify the morphology of the AL and the situation of its ostium in relation to nearby arteries; secondly we assessed the feasibility of interventional treatment in patients requiring intervention.Patients and methodswe analyzed 160 Angio‐CT scan from patients with this anatomical variation. We made multiple measurements of diameter and distance, and collected different morphological data, by a standardized protocol. The Student test was used to compare our results. Throughout these results we assessed the practical feasibility of this method.ResultsAL is associated with the presence of a bicarotidien common trunk in 49% of cases, and has a conical expansion at its ostium (diverticulum Kommerell) in 66% of patients. The average distance between the right and left subclavian arteries is 2.4 mm. The diameter of the AL is compatible with endovascular occlusion systems. The presence of a diverticulum Kommerell requires the use of permanent materials to prevent migration into the aorta. By using these data we were able to treat 4 patients with symptomatic AL, the feasibility of the hybrid surgery was confirmed with good results.ConclusionWe were able to identify the morphological characteristics of the AL, we found a significant difference in diameter between the two subclavian arteries. The presence of a Kommerell diverticulum is frequent.Our work helps to plan the endovascular or hybrid treatment and to anticipate the technical limitations of those interventions.
Retrospective Computed Tomography Angiogram Investigation on the Subclavian Artery Branching Pattern and Origin
Authors: Ryu Juwan , Scallan Oonagh , Johnson Marjorie , Wilson Tim , Power Adam 
Published: November 2023

IntroThe subclavian artery (SCA) is a substantial vessel with several branches and therefore potential branching patterns. Knowledge of the subclavian artery and its associated branches is important in vascular surgeries of the upper extremity and aorta in order to avoid bleeding and injury. Typical branching order off the SCA is Vertebral (VA), Internal Thoracic (ITA), Thyrocervical (TCT), Costocervical (CCT) and Dorsal Scapular Artery (DSA), however, significant variations to this traditional understanding may exist. The purpose of this study is to characterize the variations in the origin and branching pattern of SCA branches using measurements from patient Computed Tomography Angiograms (CTAs).MethodsHead & neck and upper limb CTAs from 55 patients (bilaterally, 110 scans) were retrospectively reviewed on 3D visualizing software TeraRecon. Of these, 101 CTAs displaying left (n=49) and right (n=52) SCAs of sufficient resolution and clarity were selected. Measurements were taken of the distance at which SCA branches originated from the aorta using the software's distance measuring tool and manually tracing the path of SCA to each branch origin. Also, the number of branches and their respective order were counted.ResultsFive branches originated directly from the SCA with the highest frequency: VA (97.0%), ITA (91.1%), TCT (90.1%), CCT (77.2%), and DSA (57.4%). Only 13 SCAs (12.9%) were observed to have exhibited the typical pattern. VA originated first in 80.2% of SCAs, with ITA arising second (41.3%), TCT as third (47.3%), CCT as fourth (43.6%) and DSA as the fifth branch (56.9%). Common aberrant branches that arose directly from the SCA were Ascending Cervical (4.9%), Deep Cervical (9.9%), Inferior Thyroid (7.9%) and Supreme Intercostal Artery (8.9%).DiscussionThe subclavian artery branching order and pattern may present significant variation from the typical order. Our findings demonstrate that, within our sample, ITA and TCT arise 2nd (41.1%) and 3rd (46.9%), respectively. These arteries may frequently swap in order for ITA to originate 3rd (32.6%), and TCT to originate 2nd (31.9%). However, VA reliably originates as the most proximal branch (80.2%). The variability in subclavian artery branching pattern poses a challenge in subclavian artery surgery such as SCA‐Common Carotid Artery bypass and transposition. The findings of this study will be used to define the optimal patient position for safe and maximal exposure of the SCA in the supraclavicular surgical window.
A Tale of Two Arches
Authors: Wilson Brittany M , Williams James M 
Published: November 2023

When the pharyngeal arches appear during the 4th and 5th weeks of development they receive an artery known as an aortic arch. These aortic arches appear, become modified or regress in a cranial to caudal direction to result in the normal arrangement of an aortic arch with a brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid and left subclavian arteries. On occasion different patterns of the aortic arches may arise. This paper describes the occurrence of two aortic arch variations found during a routine dissection in a human anatomy course.Aortic arch 1: Left vertebral artery arises directly from archFour major branches can be observed originating from the aortic arch in this individual. The initial branch is the brachiocephalic trunk, which contains right common carotid and right subclavian arterial branches. The left common carotid artery arises subsequent to the brachiocephalic trunk. Contrary to the typical pattern, the left vertebral artery arises next directly from the aortic arch and traverses posteriorly toward the cervical transverse foramina. The final branch originating from the aortic arch is the left subclavian artery. This variation was described by Thomson1 in 1893 and reported to have occurred in 27 of 500 cases.Aortic arch 2: Right subclavian artery traverses posterior to trachea and esophagusAgain, four branches can be observed originating from the aortic arch. The first branch, however, is not the brachiocephalic trunk and instead the right common carotid artery originates directly from the aortic arch. The next branch is the left common carotid artery followed by the left subclavian artery. The right subclavian artery originates after the left subclavian artery and traverses posterior to the trachea and esophagus towards the right clavicle. As the right subclavian artery passes posterior to the esophagus, the right vertebral artery originates. An additional contribution to the right vertebral artery arises from the right common carotid artery. The two vertebral artery contributions join and a single vertebral artery can be seen diving posterior toward the cervical transverse foramina. This aortic arch variation was found to occur in 4 of 500 individuals1.Anatomy courses vary with respect to giving the cause of death of the cadaver prior to dissection. Some courses give the students an opportunity to attempt to determine the cause of death based upon what is identified during the dissection process. Unfortunately, the stated cause of death rarely tells a complete story as numerous “abnormalities” or variations can exist in a body that do not relate to the cause of death. It is uncertain that the aortic arch variations contributed to the cause of death in these two cases and quite possible that they had little impact on the general health of the individuals.
Perforator Angiosomes of the anterior knee region
Authors: Hirtler Lena , Lübbers Anke 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionIn reconstructive surgery, skin and muscle flaps are raised on the basis of their blood supply. Various perforator angiosomes of different regions (e.g. medial side of the arm, abdomen) have already been described in literature, however, information concerning perforator angiosomes of the anterior knee region is scarce. Therefor, the aim of this study was to describe the individual vascular supply and position of pediculated perforator flaps in the anterior knee region.Material and methodsTwenty lower extremities of fresh frozen specimen donated to the anatomic institute were obtained. After identifying the femoral artery in the middle third of the thigh, 10 ml methylene blue was injected to facilitate the dissection of the different branches. After identification of the different perforators, a cannula was inserted into each perforator and injected with alternating colored solutions to color the appendant perforator angiosome. The width, length, position in relation to the middle of the patella, the diameter of the supplying artery and the diameter of the leg were measured. Every perforator angiosomes was recorded photographically. Afterwards all angiosomes were digitalized and graphically analyzed.ResultsA total of 122 perforator angiosomes were found in 20 legs, there were 6,1 perforator angiosomes per leg in average. The perforator angiosomes measured 7,45 ± 3,42 cm in length, 7,18 ± 2,92 cm in width and the average arterial diameter was 1,52 ± 0,55 mm. The size of the perfused perforator angiosomes had a range from 1cm2 to 28cm2.ConclusionA highly variable arrangement of the different perforator angiosomes in the anterior knee region was observed. Size and shape are highly variable, however the location of the perforator is by contrast very consistent. This information could be helpful in planning reconstructive surgery in this region.Support or Funding InformationThe authors have nothing to declare.
Deletion of Estrogen Receptor Alpha in Rats Speeds up Liver regeneration After CCl4‐ induced Liver Injury
Authors: McGreal Steven , Rumi M.A Karim , Soares Michael , Apte Udayan 
Published: November 2023

Estrogen receptor alpha (Esr1) is one of the two cognate receptors for Estrogen and is expressed by hepatocytes. The role of ESR1 in liver regeneration is not completely clear. We studied the role of ESR1 in liver regeneration after CCl4‐induced liver injury using type (WT) and ESR1 knockout (ESR1‐KO) rats. Two‐three month old female WT and ESR1‐KO rats were treated with 1ml/kg CCl4 and euthanized over a time course of 0–48 hr. Liver Injury measured by serum ALT and histopathology increased substantially after CCl4 treatment but no significant difference in liver injury between WT and ESR1‐KO was noted. H&E staining shows an early increase in hepatic inflammation starting at 12 hr post CCl4 along with moderately higher mRNA for various inflammatory markers. Histopathological analysis indicated a rapid recovery in ESR1‐KO mice resulting in significantly lower necrosis at 48 hr after CCl4 treatment. Immunohistochemistry shows an early appearance of PCNA positive cells in KO livers as compared to WT livers, which sustained through 24 hr. Western blot analysis showed an elevated level of Cyclin D1 and phosphorylated Rb protein in the KO rats at 12 and 24 hr. Further analysis revealed faster activation of canonical Wnt/β‐catenin signaling in ESR1‐KO rats characterized by higher activated β‐catenin accompanied with increased phosphorylated GSK3β at 12 hr after CCl4 treatment. Taken together, these data indicate that signaling via ESR1 inhibits liver regeneration by down regulation of Wnt signaling resulting in lower Cyclin D1 activation after chemical induced liver injury.Support or Funding InformationT32 training grant (5T32ES007079‐34), R01DK098414, and Pilot Grant from Institute for Reproductive Health and Regenerative Medicine (IRHRM) of KUMC
Extended‐access and yoked‐access to cocaine self‐administration have distinct behavioral and molecular profiles.
Authors: Ploense Kyle Lawrence , Vieira Philip , Kippin Tod E. 
Published: November 2023

Cocaine addiction is a chronic disorder that involves escalation of intake over time. Both humans and rodents will self‐administer escalating doses of cocaine when the drug is readily available. However, when cocaine access is restricted, escalation of intake is not apparent in rodents. Here, we investigated escalation of cocaine intake and active lever responding in rats as a function of control over intake. Rats were implanted with a permanent jugular catheter and then allowed to lever press to self‐administer (FR1, 20s time‐out with a 20s light cue paired with each infusion) saline vehicle (0.1 ml/infusion) cocaine (0.25 mg/infusion) under 4 conditions: limited‐access (1 h/ day) to saline, limited‐access to cocaine, extended‐access (6 h/day) to cocaine condition, and limited‐access + yoked‐access (1h/day + 5 h/day, respectively) to cocaine. Based on the first 10 min and first hour of daily access, we observed rapid escalation of cocaine intake in both the extended‐access and limited‐access + yoked conditions (ps < 0.05). We also observed a delayed escalation of cocaine intake in the limited‐access condition within the first 10 min of self‐administration (p < 0.05), but not within the first 1 h of self‐administration. Interestingly, escalation of cocaine intake in the limited access + yoked‐access rats was much faster than in the extended access rats. However, relative to the other cocaine conditions, the limited‐access + yoked group exhibited markedly less efficient self‐administration (i.e. more non‐reinforced relative to reinforced lever responses) during both the first 10 min and 1 h of daily self‐administration (ps<0.05). Additionally, post‐mortem quantification of homer2 (a gene implicated in cocaine cued learning) mRNA expression within the dmPFC indicated elevation only in the extended‐access conditions (p<0.05). Together, these findings indicate that either contingent or non‐contingent “excessive” cocaine exposure supports escalation but has distinct effects on the temporal patterning of operant responsiveness as well as molecular correlates of escalation.Support or Funding InformationNARSADNIH (R21DA027115)Keck Award
Morphometry of the corpus callosum and its possible clinical correlations
Authors: Camara Eduardo Poletti , de Souza Pinto Antonio José Assis Xavier , Tavares Marcelo Rodrigo , Fazan Valéria Paula Sassoli , Amorim Milena , de Fátima Oliveira Nadimila , de Paula Hebert Rodarte 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionThe corpus callosum is a brain structure located in the longitudinal fissure, responsible for the connection between the right and left cerebral hemispheres. It has the largest amount of white matter in the brain, has from 200 to 250 million contralateral axon projections.ObjectiveTo carry out the morphometry of the amplitude of the corpus callosum in search of a standardization of its measurement and its possible relevant clinical relations.Materials and MethodsThe authors conducted the morphology of the corpus callosum by manual caliper in 30 human brains (n = 30), in the anatomical center I of University José do Rosário Vellano (Alfenas‐MG), set by local conservation methods. The pictures were taken with a camera of 8 MP and a resolution of 3264 × 2448 pixel.Resultsit was found that there was a predominant value of 72 mm for the full extent of the corpus callosum, there are corresponding 16,66% incidence.ConclusionThe study aims to carry out the standardization of the measurement of the corpus callosum and its prevalence rate in human brains of the population, it was hypothesized a possible change of morphology in the corpus callosum of individuals who have experienced trauma. Since the demand for ancient corpses guess necropsy, which generally evidenced head trauma accompanied by increased intracranial pressure, subdural hematoma and compression of longitudinal fissure.