bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of Major Putative Periodontopathogens in Korean Advanced Adult Periodontitis Patients Using a Nucleic Acid‐Based Approach
Authors: Choi Bong‐Kyu , Park Seong‐Hee , Yoo Yun‐Jung , Choi Seong‐Ho , Chai Jung‐Kiu , Cho Kyoo‐Sung , Kim Chong‐Kwan 
Published: February 2005

Background: Although extensive microbial analyses have been performed from subgingival plaque samples of periodontitis patients, systematic analysis of subgingival microbiota has not been carried out in a Korean population so far. The purpose of this study was to describe the prevalence of major putative periodontopathogens in Korean patients by culture‐independent methods.Methods: A total of 244 subgingival plaque samples (5 sites in each participant) were taken from 29 advanced adult periodontitis (AP) patients and 20 periodontally healthy subjects. AP samples were obtained from the 4 deepest periodontal pockets (≥6 mm probing depth [PD]) and 1 healthy site (≤3 mm PD) in each patient. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) of subgingival plaque bacteria was performed with eubacterial primers. Aliquots of PCR products were then applied on nylon membranes and hybridized with specific oligonucleotide probes labeled with digoxigenin.Results: All diseased sites harbored Fusobacterium sp., while Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema sp.,and Bacteroides forsythus were detected in more than 96% of 116 diseased sites. Peptostreptococcus micros, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, and Prevotella intermedia were present in 82%, 74%, and 71% of diseased sites, respectively. In sites of periodontally healthy subjects, Fusobacterium sp. was present in the highest proportion (58%). Treponema sp., P. gingivalis, and B. forsythus were detected in 22%, 18%, and 18% of healthy sites, respectively. P. micros, P. intermedia, and A. actinomycetemcomitans were found in 8%, 2%, and 1% of healthy sites, respectively. The prevalence of the periodontopathogens, with the exceptions of Fusobacterium sp. and B. forsythus, was significantly higher in the healthy sites of periodontitis subjects than in the healthy sites of periodontally healthy subjects (P <0.05).Conclusions: Using highly sensitive methods relying on 16S ribosomal RNA‐based oligonucleotide probes, we confirmed the strong association of 7 putative periodontopathogens with AP patients in a Korean population. With the exceptions of Fusobacterium sp. and B. forsythus, all the periodontopathogens were signifi‐cantly more associated with the healthy sites of periodontitis subjects than in the healthy sites of periodontally healthy subjects. J Periodontol 2000;71:1387‐1394.
Guided Bone Regeneration of Large Mandibular Defects in a Primate Model
Authors: Fritz M.E. , Jeffcoat M.K. , Reddy M. , Koth D. , Braswell L.D. , Malmquist J. , Lemons J. 
Published: February 2005

Background: An earlier publication from our laboratory described the use of guided bone regeneration to fill large bone voids in the mandible created through en bloc resection in primates. The present report is an embellishment of this paper and describes bone regeneration experiments in 18 adult male Macaca mulatta monkeys to determine how long membranes must be in position to promote guided bone regeneration.Methods: Thirty‐six lesions were created in the mandibles of 18 monkeys in a standardized mandibular defect of 8 × 19 mm. Reinforced ePTFE membranes were placed in the animals and held in place with mini screws and sutures for anywhere from 1 to 12 months. No material was added to the defect. In addition to clinical studies, digital subtraction radiology and fluorescent labeling with tetracycline and histomorphometry are described.Results: The results indicate that no bone gain was observed in membranes exposed for 1 month or less, but bone gain (approximately well over 90% of defects) was observed at 12 months when membranes were left in situ for 2 to 12 months (P <0.0001). No significant difference in the amount of bone gained at 12 months was observed for membranes left in place for intervals ranging from 2 to 12 months. A significant correlation between the amount of bone gain observed at 3 and 12 months was observed (P <0.0001).Conclusions: Data therefore suggest that membranes left in situ for 1 month or less result in minimal bone gain compared with membranes left in place from 2 to 12 months. In addition, labeling and stained sections clearly showed that the bone produced after 2 months of membrane placement is mature. J Periodontol 2000;71:1484‐1491.
The Relationship Between Peripheral Levels of Leukocytes and Neutrophils and Periodontal Disease Status in a Patient With Congenital Neutropenia
Authors: Goultschin J. , Attal U. , Goldstein M. , Boyan B.D. , Schwartz Z. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Congenital neutropenia is characterized by an almost total absence of neutrophils and increased susceptibility to infection. Oral manifestations include ulcerations of mucous membranes, acute gingival inflammation with focal necrosis, and rapid loss of attachment. Treatment with recombinant human granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (rhGCSF) increases neutrophil numbers and ameliorates the periodontal status.Methods: We report the treatment of a 22‐year‐old male with congenital neutropenia (Kostman syndrome), referred to us due to periodontal disease, and the effect of treatment on peripheral neutropenia. Diagnosis of neutropenia was made at year 1; at age 15, the patient started to receive injections of rhG‐CSF, reducing the occurrence of infection and improving neutrophil count, although levels remained below normal. The patient underwent extraction of a molar at age 8; scaling, root planing, and modified Widman flaps at age 9; and oral hygiene maintenance every 2 to 3 months from age 18 to 21. At age 23, he initiated treatment at our periodontal clinic. The patient's gingiva was severely inflamed, and the dentition was covered with plaque and calculus. Attachment loss was advanced, all teeth were mobile, and bone loss was approximately 75% in most sites. Neutrophil counts were below normal, but other hematologic parameters were normal. Scaling and root planing were performed and the patient received antibiotics and chlorhexidine rinses twice each day for 2 weeks. Extracoronal splinting was performed, fluoride varnish was used to desensitize cervical areas, and tooth FDI #46 was restored. Root planing and deplaquing were repeated, and the patient received subgingival chlorhexidine irrigation 13 times over one year. Assessments were made on presentation, after the initial treatment, and at 1 and 2 years post‐treatment.Results: Mean probing depth was reduced posttreatment with a further reduction during the maintenance period. This was correlated with an increase in attachment levels. Total white blood cells increased, due in part to an increase in neutrophils, reaching normal levels.Conclusions: This report demonstrates for the first time that periodontal therapy, resulting in decreased bacterial load, may result in restoration of normal levels of circulating neutrophils in individuals with congenital neutropenia under treatment with rhG‐CSF. The results also suggest that periodontal pathogens may be associated with depressed neutrophil levels, even when patients receive treatment for neutropenia. J Periodontol 2000;71:1499‐1505.
A Comparative Study Utilizing Open Flap Debridement With and Without Enamel Matrix Derivative in the Treatment of Periodontal Intrabony Defects: A 12‐Month Re‐Entry Study
Authors: Froum Stuart J. , Weinberg Mea A. , Rosenberg Edwin , Tarnow Dennis 
Published: February 2005

Background: Previous studies have demonstrated that enamel matrix derivative (EMD) has the ability to improve clinical parameters when used to treat intraosseous defects. The purpose of the present study was to compare at 12 months postsurgery sites treated with open flap debridement (OFD) alone to those treated with OFD and EMD.Methods: Twenty‐three subjects with at least 2 intrabony defects were chosen. Fifty‐three defects received EMD in conjunction with OFD. Thirtyone defects in these same 23 subjects were treated with OFD alone. Stents were fabricated to serve as fixed reference points. Re‐entries were performed at least 1 year after initial surgery. Soft tissue measurements were recorded prior to initial surgery and prior to re‐entry for gingival (GI) and plaque (PI) indices, probing depth (PD), gingival margin position, and clinical attachment level (CAL). Hard tissue measurements were recorded during the initial and re‐entry surgery for level of crestal bone and depth of defect. Statistical analysis was conducted using the method of generalized estimating equations to determine changes in GI, PI, PD, CAL, fill of the osseous defect, and crestal resorption. Percent of defect fill was also calculated.Results: In all categories, treatment with EMD (test) was superior to treatment without EMD (control). Average PI and GI were not significantly different either initially or prior to re‐entry. The average PD reduction was 2.7 mm greater with EMD than controls. The average CAL gains were 1.5 mm greater, and the average fill of osseous defect 2.4 mm greater with EMD than controls. The average percent of defect fill after adjusting for crestal bone loss was more than 3 times greater for EMD versus control‐treated sites (74% defect fill with EMD versus 23% defect fill for control sites).Conclusions: This study indicates that treatment of periodontal intraosseous defects with EMD is clinically superior to treatment without EMD (open flap debridement) in every parameter evaluated. Re‐entry data demonstrate that percent fill of osseous defects treated with EMD compares favorably with the treatment results utilizing bone grafts or membrane barriers, according to published literature. J Periodontol 2001;72:25‐34.
Relationship Between Sulcular Sulfide Level and Oral Malodor in Subjects With Periodontal Disease
Authors: Morita Manabu , Wang Hom‐Lay 
Published: February 2005

Background: The relationship between oral malodor and sulfide levels in periodontal pockets (pS) has not yet been determined. The aims of this study were: 1) to identify the correlation among oral malodor, pS levels, and the BANA (benzoyl‐DL‐arginine‐naphthylamide) test and 2) to recognize the interaction between oral malodor, demographic factors, tongue coating, and periodontal condition.Methods: Eighty‐one peridontal patients participated in this study. A portable sulfide monitor and organoleptic method were used to evaluate oral malodor. Demographic data included age, gender, race, and smoking habits. The volume of tongue coating and periodontal condition for all teeth were assessed. The pS levels of 3 different radiographic bone loss (RBL) sites: RBL <2 mm, healthy; RBL ≥2 to <4 mm; low to moderate; RBL ≥ mm, severe, were measured using an industrial sulcular sulfidemonitoring device. Subgingival plaque samples from the above 3 sites and tongue scraping were examined by the BANA test.Results: The volume of tongue coating (P <0.001), extent periodontal disease (P <0.05), pS levels of the sites with low moderate bone loss (P <0.05), and BANA score of tongue scrapings (P <0.05) were significantly associated with oral malodor. Stepwise multiple regression analysis examined the degree association between oral malodor and potential explanatory variables. The volume of tongue coating and percent of sites BOP (bleeding on probing) were significantly associated with oral malodor. Females and smoking habit were negatively correlated with organoleptic measurements.Conclusions: The pS level of the representative sites with low to moderate bone loss demonstrated a modest association with oral malodor. Oral malodor in periodontal patients was primarily associated with tongue coating and gingival inflammation. J Periodontol 2001;72:79‐84.
Analysis of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the 5′‐Flanking Region of Tumor Necrosis Factor‐Alpha Gene in Japanese Patients With Early‐Onset Periodontitis
Authors: Endo Motohiro , Tai Hideaki , Tabeta Koichi , Kobayashi Tetsuo , Yamazaki Kazuhisa , Yoshie Hiromasa 
Published: February 2005

Background: Early‐onset periodontitis (EOP) is considered to have a genetic basis, which has not been clearly defined. The tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) gene polymorphism as one of the genetic factors may influence the expression of several chronic inflammatory diseases. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether the polymorphisms in the 5′‐flanking region of the TNF‐α gene are associated with Japanese EOP patients.Methods: Forty‐six Japanese, generalized EOP (G‐EOP) patients and 104 Japanese healthy subjects were identified according to established clinical criteria. Twenty healthy subjects were analyzed by nucleotide sequence to screen polymorphisms of the 5′‐flanking region of the TNF‐α gene. Then, all subjects were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction and sequencespecific oligonucleotide probe (SSOP) methods.Results: We determined 5 single nucleotide polymorphisms at positions −1031 (T/C), −863 (C/A), −857 (C/T), −308 (G/A), and −238 (G/A) in the 5′‐flanking region of the TNF‐α gene. There were no significant differences in the genotype and allele frequency when we compared G‐EOP patients to healthy subjects. Because the frequency of polymorphic alleles at positions −308 and −238 was very low in this study population, we demonstrated the existence of 4 detected haplotypes and 6 detected genotypes concerning 3 single nucleotide polymorphisms (−1031, −863, and −857). The frequency of the H1/H3 (TCC/TCT)‐detected genotype tended to decrease in G‐EOP patients compared to healthy subjects, but was not statistically significant.Conclusion: These findings suggest there is no significant association between polymorphisms in the 5′‐flanking region of the TNF‐α gene and susceptibility to G‐EOP in Japanese patients. J Periodontol 2001;72:1554‐1559.
Epidemiology of Clinical Attachment Loss in Adolescents
Authors: López Rodrigo , Fernández Olaya , Jara Gisela , Baelum Vibeke 
Published: February 2005

Background: Relatively little is known about the prevalence, severity, and determinants of clinical attachment loss among adolescents.Methods: A multi‐stage random sampling procedure was used to obtain a sample of 9,203 high school students aged 12 to 21 years from the Province of Santiago, Chile. All but 41 students were examined for clinical attachment loss in 6 sites of first and second molars and incisors. The students were interviewed with respect to tooth brushing habits, smoking habits, dental visits, and diabetic status. Logistic regression analyses were used to assess the relative strength of the associations between age, gender, smoking, tooth brushing habits, dental attendance patterns, diabetic status, and governmental school support and the occurrence of clinical attachment loss.Results: Overall, clinical attachment loss ≥1 mm was seen in 69.2% of the students; ≥2 mm in 16% of the students; and ≥3 mm in 4.5%. The distribution of clinical attachment loss was markedly skewed, but followed a continuum of disease severity. Logistic regression analyses showed that attachment loss was associated with higher age, female gender, infrequent tooth brushing, infrequent dental visits, and attending a high school receiving governmental support.Conclusions: No sharp distinction exists between periodontal health and disease among Chilean adolescents. Higher age, poor oral hygiene, and a lower socioeconomic background play a role in the occurrence of clinical attachment loss. J Periodontol 2001;72:1666‐1674.
Transforming Growth Factor‐β1 Autocrine Stimulation Regulates Fibroblast Proliferation in Hereditary Gingival Fibromatosis
Authors: de Andrade C.R. , Cotrin P. , Graner E. , Almeida O.P. , Sauk J.J. , Coletta R.D. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Hereditary gingival fibromatosis (HGF) is a rare oral disease characterized by a slow and progressive enlargement of both the maxilla and mandible gingiva. Increased proliferation, elevated synthesis of extracellular matrix, particularly collagen, and reduced levels of matrix metalloproteinases seem to contribute to the pathogenesis of gingival overgrowth in HGF patients. Transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1) is an important cytokine thought to play a major role in fibrotic disorders such as HGF due to its ability to stimulate the synthesis and reduce the degradation of extracellular matrix. In HGF fibroblasts, TGF‐β1 autocrine stimulation reduces expression and production of matrix metalloproteinases. However, the role of TGF‐β1 in fibroblast growth modulation has not been established in this disease.Methods: The aim of this study was to confirm the increased proliferation rate of HGF fibroblast cell lines and to explore a possible autocrine role of TGF‐β1 as a cell growth stimulator by blocking production of this endogenous cytokine using 2 wellestablished systems: antisense oligonucleotides and neutralizing antibodies.Results: Four different cellular proliferation assays, bromodeoxyuridine labeling, argyrophilic nucleolar organizing region staining, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and mitotic indexes, confirmed that fibroblasts from HGF proliferate significantly faster than those from normal gingiva. Antisense oligonucleotides reduced TGF‐β1 production as demonstrated by capture enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, whereas TGF‐β1 expression levels were not significantly modified. Blocking TGF‐β1 synthesis with oligonucleotides or its activity with specific antibodies resulted in a decreased magnitude of HGF fibroblast proliferation.Conclusion: These results are consistent with the existence of an autocrine role of TGF‐β1 as a stimulator of HGF fibroblast proliferation. J Periodontol 2001;72:1726‐1733.
Papillon‐Lefèvre Syndrome: Serum Immunoglobulin G (IgG) Subclass Antibody Response to Periodontopathic Bacteria. A Case Report
Authors: Wara‐aswapati Nawarat , Lertsirivorakul Jinda , Nagasawa Toshiyuki , Kawashima Yoko , Ishikawa Isao 
Published: February 2005

Background: Papillon‐Lefèvre syndrome (PLS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder which is characterized by palmar‐plantar hyperkeratosis and rapid periodontal destruction of both primary and permanent dentitions. In this case report, we present clinical features, and microbiological and immunological findings of 40 month‐old Thai male PLS patient.Methods: Microbiological examinations consisted of bacterial culture methods utilizing selective media, morphological identification, and biochemical tests. In addition, the specific serum IgG subclass antibody titers reactive with etiologic periodontal bacteria were determined by the dot‐blot immunological analysis and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results: The examinations revealed that the patient harbored 3 major suspected periodontopathic microorganisms, A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, and P. intermedia. The patient's serum IgG1, IgG2, and IgG3, but not IgG4, titers against A. actinomycetemcomitanswere dramatically increased. The predominant IgG subclass was IgG1. In contrast, the IgG titers against other tested bacteria, P. gingivalis, P. intermedia, and F. nucleatum, appeared to be similar to those of a healthy control.Conclusions: A. actinomycetemcomitans seems to play a pivotal role in the bacteria‐host interaction in PLS periodontal pathogenesis. Response of the specific serum IgG subclass antibody titers against the A. actinomycetemcomitans antigen has been demonstrated. This association warrants further investigation. J Periodontol 2001;72:1747‐1754.
Practice Management: Observations, Issues, and Empirical Evidence
Authors: Wong Henry Meng Yeong , Braithwaite Jeffrey 
Published: February 2005

Background: The primary objective of this study is to provide objective, empirical, evidence‐based practice management information. This is a hitherto under‐researched area of considerable interest for both the practitioner and educator.Methods: A questionnaire eliciting a mix of structured and free text responses was administered to a random sample of 480 practitioners who are members of the American Academy of Periodontology. Potential respondents not in private practice were excluded and the next listed person substituted.Results: The results provide demographic and descriptive information about some of the main issues and problems facing practice managers, central to which are information technology (IT), financial, people management, and marketing. Human resource and marketing management appear to represent the biggest challenges.Conclusions: Periodontists running practices would prefer more information, development, and support in dealing with IT, finance, marketing, and people management. The empirical evidence reported here suggests that although tailored educational programs on key management issues at both undergraduate and postgraduate levels have become ubiquitous, nevertheless some respondents seek further training opportunities. Evidencebased practice management information will be invaluable to the clinician considering strategic and marketing planning, and also for those responsible for the design and conduct of predoctoral and postdoctoral programs. J Periodontol 2001;72:196‐203.
One‐Stage Full‐Mouth Disinfection. Long‐Term Microbiological Results Analyzed by Checkerboard DNA‐DNA Hybridization
Authors: De Soete Marc , Mongardini Claudio , Pauwels Martine , Haffajee Anne , Socransky Sigmund , van Steenberghe Daniel , Quirynen Marc 
Published: February 2005

Background: Recent studies reported significant, additional clinical and microbiological improvements when severe adult periodontitis was treated via the one‐stage full‐mouth (OSFM) disinfection approach, instead of a standard treatment scheme with staged instrumentation per quadrant. The OSFM disinfection involves dealing with the remaining oropharyngeal niches such as tonsils, saliva, tongue, and mucosa. The OSFM disinfection procedure involves scaling and root planing of all pockets within 24 hours in combination with chlorhexidine application to all oropharyngeal niches (chairside and at home for 2 months). This study aimed to compare the microbiological shifts with the OSFM approach versus standard therapy.Methods: Nineteen patients with advanced chronic periodontitis (AP) and 12 patients with early‐onset periodontitis (EOP) were randomly assigned to the test and control groups. The control group (9 AP patients, 6 EOP patients) was scaled and root planed, per quadrant, with 2‐week intervals. The test group (10 AP patients and 6 EOP patients) underwent OSFM disinfection treatment. At baseline and after 2, 4, and 8 months, pooled subgingival plaque samples were taken from single‐ and multi‐rooted teeth. The presence and levels of 30 subgingival taxa were determined using whole genomic DNA probes and checkerboard DNA‐DNA hybridization.Results: Both treatments resulted in important reductions of the pathogenic species up to 8 months after therapy, both for their detection level and frequency. The OSFM disinfection resulted in an additional improvement, especially in the AP group. P. gingivalis and B. forsythus were reduced below detection level. The number of beneficial species remained nearly unchanged.Conclusions: The OSFM disinfection results in supplementary reductions of periodontal pathogens even after 8 months in the treatment of patients with advanced or early‐onset periodontitis. J Periodontol 2001;72:374‐382.