bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of monovalent salts on morphology of calcium carbonate crystallized in Couette‐Taylor reactor
Authors: Jung Taesung , Kim Woo‐Sik , Choi Chang Kyun 
Published: April 2005

AbstractMonovalent ionic additives, Na+, K+ and NH impact on the morphology and agglomeration of CaCO3 crystals. As increasing the additive concentration, the regular shaped crystals such as rhombohedron and spindle are changed to irregular one due to the inclusion of Na+ and K+ into the crystal structure. The inclusion of Na+ and K+ is detected using ICP‐AES. The partition of coefficients of Na+ and K+ are estimated as 9.74 × 10–4, 9.73×10–4, respectively and the amount of inclusion in the crystals is about 2×103 ppm. However, the inclusion of ions does not modify a crystal structure of calcite. Since NH4+ is large in radius, it is not included in crystal but shifts the spindle shape of crystal to the rhombohedral one. It is interesting to find that such modification of crystal morphology begins to appear at high additive concentration (0.05 M). In addition, the crystal agglomeration is promoted because the electric repulsive charge is reduced as increasing the additive concentration. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Auditing headaches? Relieve them with CAR
Authors: Singleton Tommie , Singleton Aaron J. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractOver the past 30 years, both information systems and accounting have undergone radical changes. Standards and regulations have also become frustratingly complex. But there's a powerful remedy for today's auditing headaches: continuous auditing and reporting (CAR). The authors explain what CAR is and how to determine if it will help your company. They also profile several affordable CAR products. Low‐ cost “instant auditing” is now possible! © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
SOX 404: How do you control your internal control?
Authors: Byington J. Ralph , Christensen Jo Ann 
Published: April 2005

AbstractSection 404 of the Sarbanes‐Oxley Act (SOX) makes most publicly traded companies report on the effectiveness of their internal controls. That can be a daunting task.But this article offers practical advice and valuable checklists that will make the job easier. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A practical guide to performance measurement
Authors: Miller John 
Published: April 2005

AbstractIn many organizations, the finance function is expected to set the overall direction and to provide guidance in developing and using all types of performance measures. This is not an easy task, because it's possible to measure just about everything. This article provides some practical ideas about performance measurements, including measures of financial performance, operational performance, customer satisfaction, and product or service performance. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Kinetic properties of nuclear transport conferred by the retinoblastoma (Rb) NLS
Authors: Hu Wei , Kemp Bruce E. , Jans David A. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe retinoblastoma (RB) tumor suppressor is a nuclear phosphoprotein central to control of cellular proliferation. We have previously shown that human RB possesses an evolutionarily conserved bipartite nuclear localization sequence (NLS) (KRSAEGSNPPKPLKKLR877) resembling that of nucleoplasmin. Here we analyze the kinetic properties of the RB NLS in detail with respect to recognition by cellular nuclear import factors, the importins (IMPs), and nuclear transport properties, comparing results to those for the NLSs from SV40 large tumor antigen (T‐ag) and the Xenopus laevis phosphoprotein N1N2. Binding affinities of different IMPα subunits for the Rb NLS, in the absence or presence of IMPβ subunits were determined, and NLS‐dependent nuclear import reconstituted in vitro for the first time using purified IMPα/β subunits together with recombinant human RanGDP and nuclear transport factor 2 (NTF2). RB NLS‐mediated transport had a strict requirement for all components, with high NTF2 concentrations inhibiting transport. As in the case of transport mediated by the T‐ag‐ and N1N2‐NLSs, nuclear import of an RB‐NLS containing β‐Gal fusion protein was reduced or abolished when anti‐IMPα or β antibody was added to cytosolic extract, respectively, confirming that RB NLS‐mediated nuclear import occurs through action of IMPα/β. We conclude that although mediated by IMPα/β, and similar in most respects to transport mediated by the similarly bipartite N1N2 NLS, nuclear import conferred by the RB NLS has distinct properties, in part due to the affinity of its interaction with IMPα. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intracellular interaction of myosin light chain kinase with macrophage migration inhibition factor (MIF) in endothelium
Authors: Wadgaonkar Raj , Dudek Steven M. , Zaiman Ari L. , Linz‐McGillem Laura , Verin Alexander D. , Nurmukhambetova Saule , Romer Lewis H. , Garcia Joe G.N. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe endothelial cell Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM)‐dependent myosin light chain kinase isoform (EC MLCK) is a multifunctional contractile effector involved in vascular barrier regulation, leukocyte diapedesis, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. The EC MLCK isoform and its splice variants contain a unique N‐terminal sequence not present in the smooth muscle MLCK isoform (SM MLCK), which allows novel upregulation of MLCK activation by signaling cascades including p60src. The yeast two‐hybrid assay system using the entire EC MLCK1 N‐terminus (922 aa) as bait, identified additional stable MLCK binding partners including the 12 KDa macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF). This finding was confirmed by cross immunoprecipitation assays under non‐denaturing conditions and by GST pull down experiments using GST‐N‐terminal MLCK (#1–923) and MLCK N‐terminal deletion mutants in TNFα‐ and thrombin‐stimulated endothelium. This EC MLCK–MIF interaction was shown biochemically and by immunofluorescent microscopy to be enhanced in TNFα‐ and thrombin‐stimulated endothelium, both of which induce increased MLCK activity. Thrombin induced the colocalization of an epitope‐tagged, full‐length MIF fusion protein with phosphorylated MLC along peripheral actin stress fibers. Together these studies suggest that the novel interaction between MIF and MLCK may have important implications for the regulation of both non‐muscle cytoskeletal dynamics as well as pathobiologic vascular events that involve MLCK. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Zinc finger protein overexpressed in colon carcinoma interacts with the telomeric protein hRap1
Authors: Antoine Karène , Ferbus Didier , Kolahgar Golnar , Prospéri Marie‐Thérèse , Goubin Gérard 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe OZF (ZNF146) protein is a 33 kDa Kruppel protein, composed solely of 10 zinc finger motifs. It is overexpressed in the majority of pancreatic cancers and in more than 80% of colorectal cancers. We found an interaction between OZF and the telomeric hRap1 protein with a yeast two‐hybrid screen. hRap1 (TERF2IP) is an ortholog of the yeast telomeric protein, scRap1 originally identified as a regulator of telomere length. In HeLa cells, it interacts with TRF2, a telomere repeat binding factor whose inactivation causes a dysregulation of telomere length and structure. Immunoprecipitation with anti‐hRap1 antibodies in conditions that allow the purification of proteins associated with hRap1, demonstrated that OZF binds to hRap1 in HeLa cells. Using deletion mutants, we mapped the interacting domain of each protein. The three zinc fingers at the C‐terminus of OZF interact with a region of hRap1 located downstream of the coil domain. It involves a stretch of at least 25 amino acids at the C‐terminus of hRap1 that interact with TRF2. This suggests that OZF overexpression in tumours may alter the balance between hRap1 and other telomeric proteins and therefore that OZF function may be linked to telomere regulation. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Paraspermatogenesis of Cerithioidean snails: Retention of an acrosome and nuclear remnant
Authors: Buckland‐Nicks John , Hodgson Alan N. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractParaspermatozoa of Cerithioidea are oligopyrenic with a central nuclear remnant surrounded by glycoprotein bodies and an anterior acrosome complex. Posteriorly, the parasperm have one long and several small flagella. Biosynthesis of proteins begins in the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), early in paraspermatogenesis, prior to the degradation of the nucleus. The breakdown of the nucleus has features characteristic of apoptosis but a nuclear remnant remains that is composed of intact DNA. The acrosome complex of parasperm is Golgi‐derived, forming posteriorly and migrating anteriorly along the plasma membrane to the apex of the nuclear remnant as the paraspermatid matures. This mechanism of acrosome formation is similar to that in euspermiogenesis in neomenioid aplacophorans and neritid snails and is plesiomorphic to mollusks. However, eusperm acrosomes of Cerithioidea form differently. In the paraspermatid, small, dense granules secreted by the Golgi body fuse to form larger granular vesicles, many of which are released by exocytosis into the seminal fluid. These granular vesicles stain red with acridine orange at pH 7 under 489‐nm light, indicating that they are lysosomes. The retention of a nuclear remnant and development of an acrosome complex in the parasperm of cerithioideans, as well as the secretion of lysosomes into the seminal fluid, suggests novel functions for these unusual germ cells. J. Morphol. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development of foregut and proboscis in the buccinid neogastropod Nassarius mendicus: Evolutionary opportunity exploited by a developmental module
Authors: Page Louise R. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThis article extends previous descriptions of foregut development and metamorphosis in neogastropods by providing data on the buccinid Nassarius mendicus, a species with a feeding larva. Histological sections showed that, like many other gastropods, the postmetamorphic buccal cavity and radular sac of N. mendicus differentiate during the larval stage from a ventral outpocketing of the distal larval esophagus. However, in N. mendicus the outpocketing also gives rise to the entire anterior esophagus and valve of Leiblein, suggesting that both these structures may be evolutionary derivatives of the gastropod buccal cavity. Scanning electron microscopy and three‐dimensional reconstructions of section profiles revealed that the distal larval esophagus and larval mouth are completely destroyed at metamorphosis. The postmetamorphic mouth is formed as a new orifice. Furthermore, epithelia covering the proboscis and proboscis sac arise from preexisting epidermal epithelium of the larval head, an interpretation that contradicts an earlier suggestion on the origin of these epithelial elements in neogastropods with a feeding larval stage. These results, when compared to foregut development in other gastropods, lead me to propose that the gastropod buccal cavity and buccal mass is a developmental module. Canalized development of this module may have been important to the “evolvability” of the complex gastropod foregut, because it allowed a silent developmental novelty to arise (secondary formation of the postmetamorphic mouth) without disrupting development of the whole module. Nevertheless, this silent novelty might have subsequently facilitated dramatic evolutionary change by allowing the elaborate foregut structure of predatory, postmetamorphic neogastropods to arise in late stage larvae without compromising larval feeding. J. Morphol. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Thermal Initiation of MMA in High Temperature Radical Polymerizations
Authors: Nising Philip , Meyer Thierry , Carloff Rüdiger , Wicker Michael 
Published: April 2005

AbstractSummary: Several researches have dealt with the thermal initiation of methyl methacrylate (MMA) in the past. Some of them already discussed the presence of peroxide containing species that are formed from dissolved oxygen and the monomer itself as main reason for this initiation. However, a more detailed investigation as well as a kinetic description of this phenomenon is still due in literature. In this paper, the formation and decomposition of methyl methacrylate peroxides are described. MMA that has been in contact with air forms macromolecular peroxides at temperatures below 100 °C from physically dissolved oxygen. These peroxides have molecular weights of approximately 3 000–5 000 g · mol−1, depending on the temperature during formation. Above this temperature, these peroxides decompose quickly and initiate the radical polymerization. Depending on the reaction conditions, monomer conversions from 15 to 30% are obtained. In combination with additional initiators, the MMA peroxides provoke an acceleration of the reaction rate and can also lead to bimodal molecular weight distributions. An analytical method based on UV‐spectrophotometry was developed for the quantification of the peroxide content in the monomer. The kinetic rate constants for the formation were determined in batch experiments with purified, air‐saturated monomer to be kf,0 = 6.28 · 107 l2 · mol−2 · s and EA = 7.75 · 104 J · mol−1. The decomposition rate constants were determined from batch dead‐end polymerizations and found to be kd,0 = 4.73 · 107 l · mol−1 · s−1 and EA = 8.56 · 104 J · mol−1.
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Comparison of the effects of a self‐supervised home exercise program with a physiotherapist‐supervised exercise program on the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Lun Victor , Pullan Nancy , Labelle Nancy , Adams Corey , Suchowersky Oksana 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe effects of a self‐supervised home exercise program and a physiotherapist‐supervised exercise program on motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients were compared in a prospective single‐blinded clinical trial. Nineteen subjects (6 women, 13 men; mean age, 65 ± 8 years) with Hoehn and Yahr Stages 2 to 3 were recruited. Subjects were self‐selected into an 8‐week exercise program that was self‐supervised (HOME group) or physiotherapist‐supervised (PT group). The primary outcome measurement was the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) Motor subsection score (UPDRSm). The secondary outcome measurements were the Berg Balance Scale, Timed Up and Go Test, UPDRS Total score, and the Activities‐specific Balance Confidence Scale. All outcomes were assessed at baseline and at 8 and 16 weeks after the start of the study. The investigators were blinded to the subject treatment group. Bonferroni‐corrected paired Student's t test was used to evaluate the change in the UPDRSm from baseline to 8 weeks. Ninety‐five percent confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for the change in the secondary outcome measurements from baseline to 8 weeks. There was statistically significant and equal decrease in the UPDRSm from baseline to 8 weeks in both treatment groups. There was no difference in the 95% CI in the change of the secondary outcome measurements. A self‐supervised exercise program was found to have similar effectiveness as a physiotherapist‐supervised exercise program in improving motor symptoms in PD patients. This finding is important in the counseling of PD patients regarding adjunctive treatment of motor symptoms of PD with exercise. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
A spatially curved‐beam element with warping and Wagner effects
Authors: Pi Yong‐Lin , Bradford Mark Andrew , Uy Brian 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThis paper presents a new spatially curved‐beam element with warping and Wagner effects that can be used for the non‐linear large displacement analysis of members that are curved in space. The non‐linear behaviour of members curved in space shows that the Wagner effects are substantial in the large twist rotation analysis. Most existing finite beam element models, such as ABAQUS and ANSYS cannot predict the non‐linear large displacement response of members curved in space correctly because the Wagner effects, viz. the Wagner moment and the corresponding finite strain terms, have not been considered in these finite beam elements. As a consequence, these finite beam elements do not provide correct predictions for the out‐of‐plane buckling and postbuckling behaviour of arches as well. In this paper, the symmetric tangent stiffness matrix has been derived based on the finite rotations parameterized by the conventional displacements. The warping and Wagner effects: both the Wagner moment and the corresponding finite strain terms and their constitutive relationship, are included in the spatially curved‐beam element. Two components of the initial curvature, the initial twist and their interactions with the displacements are also considered in the spatially curved‐beam element. This ensures that the large twist rotation analysis for the members curved in space is accurate. Comparisons with existing experimental, analytical and numerical results show that the spatially curved‐beam element is accurate and efficient for the non‐linear elastic analysis of curved members, buckling and postbuckling analysis of arches, and in its ability to predict large deflections and twist rotations in more arbitrarily curved members. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Benchmarking tax systems
Authors: Gallagher Mark 
Published: April 2005

AbstractInternational institutions, such as the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund and the U.S. Agency for International Development, have been assessing tax system performance and capabilities for decades without having a solid international comparator basis for undertaking these assessments. This article provides a series of indicators and benchmarks that can help to put such assessments into an international perspective, set specific targets for performance, reform and modernisation, and monitor progress over time. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Critical success factors for modernising public financial management information systems in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Vickland Scott , Nieuwenhuijs Inez 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThis article identifies a number of critical factors that have contributed to the successful implementation of a public financial management information system in the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). The information system, funded by USAID and implemented by Emerging Markets Group from 1999 to 2004, has revolutionised accounting practices and has contributed to a more transparent and effective public sector. This article describes the project's context and purpose, its main features, challenges and obstacles. It continues by outlining the critical success factors that have contributed to the success of the project in a challenging environment. The project was implemented in a rather unique environment since it was initiated not long after the end of the civil war and the creation of the Republic of BiH. The Republic of BiH inherited the former socialist Yugoslavian payment systems. There were no adequate public financial management systems in place, and the project team could essentially start from scratch. The project team designed and implemented an accrual accounting system, and unlike the situation in many countries, relieved the government from having to transform their financial management system from cash‐based accounting to accrual accounting. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Learning from the Philippine occupation: nation‐building and institutional development in Iraq and other high security risk nations
Authors: Klingner Donald E. , Jones L. R. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractOutcomes of armed conflict in Afghanistan and Iraq indicate that the U.S. has been unprepared to fully address problems related to establishing social and economic stability, security and governance in the aftermath of war. This is unfortunate, given that U.S. policy makers' nation‐building efforts to achieve stability, security and good governance in these nations do not reflect what they should already have learnt about organisational and institutional development from past experiences providing significant development assistance to highly unstable nations. Based on the analysis rendered in this article, ‘smart practice’ development administration in such nations comprises the following key points that link nation building to institutional/organisational development:

Nation building (creating new national sovereignty) is different from, and harder than, building government capacity (creating or strengthening institutions and organisations).
Given that building government capacity typically requires years of patient assistance and financing, it is better to build on existing indigenous institutions like the civil service and military.
The time and expense of development assistance to high security risk nations means that it is advisable to establish a multi‐lateral development assistance plan and a multi‐national, multi‐institutional framework for financing development to pay for all that is necessary over a long period of time (i.e. 20–50 years).
Policy makers should emphasise social stability and stable economic growth under self‐governance to prevent actual or perceived economic exploitation.
Policy makers' diplomatic efforts should secure accommodation of various stakeholders sufficient to permit compromise leading to formation of an independent government.
Where occupation appears necessary to achieve security and stability, policy makers should allocate enough troops and money to do the job, and accurately assess and report all costs of military occupation and nation building.
Once occupation has occurred, policy makers should not withdraw military support in a way that would increase the likelihood of civil war.
Premature withdrawal of security, economic and political support prior to the point where high security risk nations are capable of governing themselves will cause a power vacuum, and may result in fragmented regional leadership by warlords. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sol–gel process of alkoxysilanes in an elastomer medium
Authors: Pietrasik Joanna , Zaborski Marian 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe influence of different mixtures of di‐, tri‐ and tetraalkoxysilanes on the synthesis and character of silica filler particles prepared by a sol–gel reaction in an elastomer medium was investigated. Silica fillers containing organic substituents with basic properties were synthesized in acrylonitrile–butadiene rubber, with and without carboxyl groups, as well as in decane as a suspension medium, which was treated as an elastomer model. 29Si NMR spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to determine the structure of the resulting silica fillers, and their dispersion in the elastomeric medium. Water, alcohol or other polar solvents were not used in the process of creating the silica fillers as it is impossible to introduce them into the elastomer. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
SHORT COMMUNICATION: ACCELERATED PUBLICATION: Dye solar cells without electrolyte or hole‐transport layers: a feasibility study of a concept based on direct regeneration of the dye by metallic conductors
Authors: Lenzmann F. O. , O'Regan B. C. , Smits J. J. T. , Kuipers H. P. C. E. , Sommeling P. M. , Slooff L. H. , van Roosmalen J. A. M. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFlat structures consisting of dense dye‐sensitized TiO2 films with various materials for dye regeneration (TiO2/dye/regeneration material) are compared. Au and PEDOT:PSS were tested as metal or metal‐like regeneration materials and compared with reference compounds, such as the redox couple I−/I in solution and p‐type CuSCN. Under the exclusion of TiO2 bandgap excitation, the short‐circuit photocurrent densities for the various structures differ by less than ∼30%, suggesting comparable charge separation efficiencies. The good performance of a metallic regeneration material implies, that the frequently assumed requirement of p‐type or ‘hole conducting’ properties for the regeneration material in solid state dye solar cells is questionable. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.