bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Large Family of Iron Ruddlesden‐Popper Relatives: from Oxides to Oxycarbonates and Oxyhydroxides
Authors: Raveau Bernard , Hervieu M. , Pelloquin D. , Michel C. , Retoux R. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractIron oxides, oxyhydroxydes and oxycarbonates derived from the layered Ruddlesden‐Popper (RP) structure form a large family of layered compounds. Besides the classical RP oxides Srn+1FenO3n+1, single intergrowths with the generic formulation (A,Sr)n+2FenO3n+2 and (A,Sr)n+3FenO3n+3 (A = Tl, Pb, Bi…) can be generated by increasing the multiplicity of the rock salt layers, and multiple intergrowths of these single intergrowths can be synthesized. Starting from oxygen deficient RP oxides such as n = 3 member Sr3NdFe3O9−δ, oxyhydroxydes hydrates and oxyhydroxydes such as Sr3NdFe3O7.5(OH)2·H2O and Sr3NdFe3O7.5(OH)2 can be created topotactically. Carbonate groups can also replace FeO6 octahedra in the n = 3 member Sr4Fe3O10, leading to layered oxycarbonates Sr4Fe3−x(CO3)xO10−4x with 0 < × ≤ 1. Shearing mechanism applied transversally to the layers allows collapsed structures to be generated such as the [Bi2Sr3Fe2O9]n [Bi4Sr6Fe2O16] family and the ferrite Bi13Ba2Sr25Fe13O66. Finally the replacement of rock salt SrO layers in the intergrowth Sr2FeO4 allows a new series of modulated structures [Sr8Fe12O26]·[Sr3Fe2O6]n to be generated, built up of layers of FeO5 bipyramids and tetragonal pyramids intergrown with perovskite layers.
Iridium Complexes of 2,2′‐Bidipyrrins
Authors: Bröring Martin , Brandt Carsten D. , Cónsul Tejero Esther 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe reaction of [{Ir(cod)(μ‐Cl)}2] and K2CO3 or of [{Ir(cod)(μ‐OMe)}2] alone with the non‐natural tetrapyrrole 2,2′‐bidipyrrin (H2BDP) yields, depending on the stoichiometry, the mononuclear complex [Ir(cod)(HBDP)] or the homodinuclear complex [{Ir(cod)}2(BDP)]. Both complexes react readily with carbon monoxide to yield the species [Ir(CO)2(HBDP)] and [{Ir(CO)2}2(BDP)], respectively. The results from NMR spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction reveal different conformations for the tetrapyrrolic ligand in both complexes. The reaction of [{Ir(coe)2(μ‐Cl)}2] with H2BDP proceeds differently and yields the macrocyclic [4e−,2H+]‐oxidized product [IrCl2(9‐Meic)] (9‐Meic = monoanion of 9‐methyl‐9,10‐isocorrole), which can be addressed as an iridium analog of cobalamin.
Genetic Counseling for Fragile X Syndrome: Updated Recommendations of the National Society of Genetic Counselors
Authors: McConkie‐Rosell Allyn , Finucane Brenda , Cronister Amy , Abrams Liane , Bennett Robin L. , Pettersen Barbara J. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThese recommendations describe the minimum standard criteria for genetic counseling and testing of individuals and families with fragile X syndrome, as well as carriers and potential carriers of a fragile X mutation. The original guidelines (published in 2000) have been revised, replacing a stratified pre‐ and full mutation model of fragile X syndrome with one based on a continuum of gene effects across the full spectrum of FMR1 CGG trinucleotide repeat expansion. This document reviews the molecular genetics of fragile X syndrome, clinical phenotype (including the spectrum of premature ovarian failure and fragile X‐associated tremor‐ataxia syndrome), indications for genetic testing and interpretation of results, risks of transmission, family planning options, psychosocial issues, and references for professional and patient resources. These recommendations are the opinions of a multicenter working group of genetic counselors with expertise in fragile X syndrome genetic counseling, and they are based on clinical experience, review of pertinent English language articles, and reports of expert committees. These recommendations should not be construed as dictating an exclusive course of management, nor does use of such recommendations guarantee a particular outcome. The professional judgment of a health care provider, familiar with the facts and circumstances of a specific case, will always supersede these recommendations.
The diagnosis of heart failure in European primary care: The IMPROVEMENT Programme survey of perception and practice
Authors: Hobbs F.D. Richard , Korewicki Jerzy , Cleland John G.F. , Eastaugh Joanne , Freemantle Nick ,   on behalf of the IMPROVEMENT Investigators
Published: July 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo examine European primary care physicians (PCPs) views on diagnosis of heart failure and compare perceptions with actual practice.DesignSemi‐structured PCP interviews and case note review on a random sample of heart failure patients.Participants1363 primary care physicians from 14 countries and 11,062 patient notes.Main outcome measuresPerceptions of PCPs compared to actual performance in heart failure (HF) diagnosis.ResultsOver 50% of patients with HF were above 70 years of age. Most subjects presented with typical clinical symptoms and objective signs of HF. In 50% of cases, HF was mainly diagnosed by PCPs. New York Heart Association classification was used by 50% of physicians. Electrocardiogram and chest X‐ray were the most used diagnostic tests (90% and 84% respectively). PCPs considered echocardiography as having low diagnostic value, with only 48% routine usage. However, in actual practice echocardiography was used in 82% of diagnoses. Systolic dysfunction was observed in 51% HF subjects, but only 50% of physicians would differentiate systolic from diastolic heart failure.ConclusionsThere was low use of NYHA classification (which denotes symptom severity) and differentiation between systolic and diastolic causes (which determines treatment strategies).
Do metoprolol and carvedilol have equivalent effects on diurnal heart rate in patients with chronic heart failure?
Authors: Sanderson John E. , Leung Leata Y.C. , Chan Skiva K.W. , Yip Gabriel W.K. , Fung Jeffrey W.H. , Yu C.M. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractBackgroundCarvedilol exerted a greater reduction in mortality than metoprolol tartrate in the Carvedilol or Metoprolol European Trial (COMET). However, it is unclear if the degree and time course of β1‐blockade during a 24‐h period was similar with each agent at the doses used. Therefore we analyzed 24‐h ECG Holter recordings from a study which compared the long‐term clinical efficacy of metoprolol tartrate to carvedilol in chronic heart failure patients using the same dosing regimen as in COMET.Methods and resultsFifty‐one patients with chronic heart failure with a mean LVEF 26+1.8% were randomized in a double‐blind fashion to receive metoprolol tartrate 50 mg bid or carvedilol 25 mg bid. 24‐h ECG monitoring (Holter) was performed at baseline, 12 weeks and 1 year. Adequate quality recordings for analysis were obtained from 43 subjects at baseline, 42 at 12 weeks and 29 subjects at 1 year. Both drugs produced a fall in average 24‐h heart rate from baseline at 12 weeks and at 1 year: metoprolol 88+3 to 71+2 and 69+3 bpm; carvedilol 83+3 to 70+2 and 70+3 bpm respectively (all p<0.001). The pattern of suppression of heart rate during the 24‐h period was similar for both drugs.ConclusionMetoprolol tartrate 50 mg bid and carvedilol 25 mg bid had similar effects on 24‐h heart rate. This result suggests that the degree of β1‐blockade produced by these two drugs in these doses is comparable and the superior survival effect of carvedilol compared to metoprolol seen in COMET is likely to be due to actions of carvedilol other than β1‐blockade.
Digital camera assessment for detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in rural El Salvador
Authors: Cremer M. , Jamshidi R.M. , Muderspach L. , Tsao‐Wei D. , Felix J.C. , Blumenthal P.D. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractObjective: To explore the feasibility of digital photography for primary cervical cancer screening in a low‐resource setting in El Salvador. Methods: Three independent examiners performed Pap test, visual inspection, digital camera assessment and colposcopy on each subject. Results: Lesions were detected in 99 of 504 patients (20%) by visual inspection, 72/504 (14%) by DART and 90/504 (18%) by colposcopic impression. Seven of 504 patients (1.3%) had CIN on histology. Pap detected 2 of 7 subjects (29% sensitivity) (C.I. 4%, 56%), visual inspection detected 5 of 7 (71% sensitivity, C.I. 34%, 95%), digital assessment detected 6 of 7 (86% sensitivity C. I. 45%, 99%), and colposcopic impression detected 5 of 7 (71% sensitivity, C.I. 34%, 95%). Conclusion: This small pilot trial demonstrates the potential value and feasibility of performing digital camera assessment of the reproductive tract on women in a developing country setting.
COST Action B20: Mammary Development, Function and Cancer
Authors: Baldi Antonella , Wilde Colin 
Published: July 2005

The COST ProgrammeThe Cooperation in Science and Technology Programme (COST) is an inter-governmental framework for European Co-operation in the field of Scientific and Technical Research. COST is managed by the European Science Foundation, and in May 2005 supported almost 200 Actions involving nearly 30000 scientists from 32 European member countries and more than 50 participating institutions from 11 non-member countries. These Actions are networks of coordinated national research project in fields which are of interest to a minimum number of participants (at least 5) from different member states. COST Actions cover basic and pre-competitive research as well as activities of public utility. The members of each Action are drawn from member countries which have ratified the Action, and their activities are informed by a programme accepted by the ESF management at time of application and reviewed on an annual basis throughout the Action. Each Action comprises three principal activities: the workshops where the science or technology matters of the Action are presented and discussed; the Action's short-term scientific missions, which allow contacts made during workshop networking to be developed; and, thirdly, the dissemination of the Action's science through publication or electronic communication.
Suicide attempts, plans, and ideation in culturally diverse sites: the WHO SUPRE-MISS community survey
Authors: BERTOLOTE JOSÉ M. , FLEISCHMANN ALEXANDRA , De LEO DIEGO , BOLHARI JAFAR , BOTEGA NEURY , DE SILVA DAMANI , THI THANH HUONG TRAN , PHILLIPS MICHAEL , SCHLEBUSCH LOURENS , VÄRNIK AIRI , VIJAYAKUMAR LAKSHMI , WASSERMAN DANUTA 
Published: July 2005

Background. The objectives were to assess thoughts about suicide, plans to commit suicide and suicide attempts in the community, to investigate the use of health services following a suicide attempt, and to describe basic socio-cultural indices of the community.Method. The community survey was one component of the larger WHO multisite intervention study on suicidal behaviours (SUPRE-MISS). In each site, it aimed at randomly selecting and interviewing at least 500 subjects of the general population living in the catchment area of the emergency department where the intervention component of the study was conducted. Communities of eight SUPRE-MISS sites (in Brazil, China, Estonia, India, Iran, South Africa, Sri Lanka, and Viet Nam) participated plus two additional sites from Australia and Sweden conducting similar surveys.Results. Suicide attempts (0·4–4·2%), plans (1·1–15·6%), and ideation (2·6–25·4%) varied by a factor of 10–14 across sites, but remained mostly within the ranges of previously published data. Depending on the site, the ratios between attempts, plans, and thoughts of suicide differed substantially. Medical attention following a suicide attempt varied between 22% and 88% of the attempts.Conclusions. The idea of the suicidal process as a continuous and smooth evolution from thoughts to plans and attempts of suicide needs to be further investigated as it seems to be dependent on the cultural setting. There are indications, that the burden of undetected attempted suicide is high in different cultures; an improved response from the health sector on how to identify and support these individuals is needed.
Psychiatric disorder in the children of antisocial parents
Authors: HERNDON RYAN W. , IACONO WILLIAM G. 
Published: July 2005

Background. Although parents with psychiatric disorders are likely to have children with psychiatric problems, the nature of disorder risk to offspring of antisocial parents has received limited attention.Method. We examined the prevalence of common externalizing and internalizing disorders in the pre-adolescent and late adolescent offspring of antisocial parents. Lifetime diagnoses for a sample of 11-year-old twins (958 males, 1042 females) and a sample of 17-year-old twins (1332 males, 1434 females), as well as their parents, were obtained through in-person interviews. Odds ratios were calculated for the effect of the parent's diagnosis on the child's diagnosis, controlling for the effect of the co-parent's diagnosis.Results. We found that parental antisociality places the child at increased risk for developing a range of externalizing and internalizing disorders. This increase is evident by pre-adolescence and extends to a wide range of disorders by late adolescence. Each parent has an effect net any effects of the co-parent.Conclusions. Antisocial parents have children who have an increased likelihood of developing a broad range of psychiatric disorders.
Effect of temperature and host plant leaf morphology on the efficacy of two entomopathogenic biocontrol agents of Thrips palmi (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)
Authors: Cuthbertson A.G.S. , North J.P. , Walters K.F.A. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe efficacy of two entomopathogenic biocontrol agents, Steinernema feltiae (Filipjev) and Verticillium lecanii (Zimmerman) Viégas (reclassified now as Lecanicillium muscarium (Petch) Zare & Gams), against Thrips palmi Karny was investigated. Assessments of the effect of temperature on the efficacy of S. feltiae indicated that higher mortality of T. palmi was recorded at 20°C compared to either 15 or 25°C, whereas significantly higher T. palmi mortality followed application of L. muscarium at 25°C. Testing the control agents efficacy on three host plants; chrysanthemum, sweet pepper and cucumber, under constant temperature and high humidity conditions produced no significant difference in the level of T. palmi larval mortality on each host plant. Incorporating the chemical insecticide imidacloprid with both biological agents in a combined control strategy increased T. palmi juvenile mortality. The potential role of S. feltiae and L. muscarium within integrated pest management programmes for the control of T. palmi is discussed.
Molecular and biochemical characterization of a sand fly population from Sri Lanka: evidence for insecticide resistance due to altered esterases and insensitive acetylcholinesterase
Authors: Surendran S.N. , Karunaratne S.H.P.P. , Adamsn Z. , Hemingway J. , Hawkes N.J. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractWith an increasing incidence of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Sri Lanka, particularly in northern provinces, insecticide-mediated vector control is under consideration. Optimizing such a strategy requires the characterization of sand fly populations in target areas with regard to species composition and extant resistance, among other parameters. Sand flies were collected by human bait and cattle-baited net traps on Delft Island, used as an illegal transit location by many refugees returning to the north of Sri Lanka from southern India where leishmaniasis is endemic. For species identification, genomic DNA was extracted and a fragment of the ribosomal 18S gene amplified. The sequence from all flies analysed matched that of Phlebotomus argentipes Annandale & Brunetti, the primary vector in India and the most likely vector in Sri Lanka. Independent morphological analysis also identified P. argentipes. To establish the current susceptibility status of vector species, data were obtained at the biochemical level, from which potential cross-resistance to alternative insecticides can be predicted. The Delft Island collection was assayed for the activities of four enzyme systems involved in insecticide resistance (acetylcholinesterase, non-specific carboxylesterases, glutathione-S-transferases and cytochrome p450 monooxygenases), establishing baselines against which subsequent collections can be evaluated. There was preliminary evidence for elevated esterases and altered acetylcholinesterase in this population, the first report of these resistance mechanisms in sand flies to our knowledge, which probably arose from the malathion-based spraying regimes of the Anti-Malarial Campaign.
Accountability and accessibility: ensuring the evidence of e‐governance in Australia
Authors: Cunningham Adrian , Phillips Margaret 
Published: July 2005

PurposeTo review the challenges associated with ensuring the capture and preservation of and long‐term access to government records and publications in the digital age and to describe how libraries and archives in Australia are responding to the challenge.Design/methodology/approachLiterature‐ and case‐study‐based conceptual analysis of what makes government online information so vulnerable and initiatives at the National Library of Australia and the National Archives of Australia.FindingsDemocracy, governance, consultation and participation all depend on the availability of authentic and reliable information. Government agencies as well as educational and research institutions are producing increasingly large volumes of information in digital formats only. While Australia has done more than most countries to date to address the need to identify, collect, store and preserve government publications and public records in digital formats, large amounts of information are still at risk of loss.Research limitations/implicationsFocuses on circumstances and initiatives in the Australian Government.Practical implicationsLibrarians and archivists need to become more proactive in influencing the behaviour of government agencies to ensure that important evidence of democratic governance is created and managed in ways that facilitate their accessibility and long‐term preservation.Originality/valueEmphasises the vital role that information management agencies such as libraries and archives have to play in supporting transparent and accountable governance in the digital age, and explores innovative strategies for ensuring the long‐term preservation of this important documentary heritage material for the use of future generations.
The central role of leaders in public libraries
Authors: Mullins John , Linehan Margaret 
Published: July 2005

PurposeAims to explore the topic of leadership as perceived and practised by public library leaders. Library leaders have a wide‐ranging impact on society but have been largely overlooked as the subject of serious study. The current study seeks to investigate the perspectives of public library leaders beyond national boundaries in order to develop an understanding of the perceptions of current leaders in the field of public librarianship.Design/methodology/approachA total of 30 senior public library leaders were selected for in‐depth face‐to‐face interviews in three national jurisdictions – Ireland, the UK, and the USA.FindingsThe study of the perceptions of senior public library leaders, across national boundaries, makes a theoretical contribution not just to leadership in librarianship, but also to the broader literature on organizational leadership. Nine main thematic areas emerged from the findings. One of these themes, the centrality of leadership to librarianship, is the particular focus of this paper.Practical implicationsThe findings support the centrality of leadership for optimal strategic and operational practices in the field of public librarianship. The challenge for the public library sector is to identify and consider the leadership skills and personal attributes that are essential to success.Originality/valuePresents a representative sample of insights, reflections and assessments from participating public library leaders regarding the centrality of leadership to librarianship.
Risking knowledge management
Authors: Jones Heather 
Published: July 2005

PurposeTo describe the process of conducting an information audit at the Hobart City Council and to demonstrate how the audit contributed to knowledge management at the Council.Design/methodology/approachThis paper is a personalised account of a pilot information audit conducted in the area of risk management activities across the organisation. It gives an overview of some relevant knowledge management texts, the methodology of the pilot audit and a summary of the findings and outcomes of the project.FindingsThe Council units have yet to implement all the findings and recommendations of the pilot, but there have already been significant outcomes. Units have used the audit to coordinate risk management initiatives and processes with other areas. This has contributed to breaking down the information silos and to the development of a culture of knowledge sharing.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper describes the process used for the Pilot Information Audit – Risk Management project, and what happened as a result.Practical implicationsThis paper may provide some useful insights to other librarians in a small special library environment with limited resources who are planning to conduct an information audit.Originality/valueThis is an example of an information audit undertaken in a local government setting.
Designing virtual organizations? Themes and trends in political and organizational discourses
Authors: Thorne Kym 
Published: July 2005

PurposeThis paper aims to explore the contemporary fascination with seemingly new, benign and transcendent virtual organizations.Design/methodology/approachThe paper extends Gerlach and Hamilton's investigations and critique into virtuality within the genres of business restructuring and science fiction.FindingsThe paper unravels a purposeful, enveloping consciousness that masks both neo‐liberal fictions and postmodern fantasies dominating the virtual organization discourse. This paper finds that practical examples of de‐physicalized, technologically transcendent virtual organizations, crucial to this virtual consciousness, do not exist or are fundamentally different from expectations. The paper finds that the presumed new epoch of global capitalism, based on the productivity unleashed by virtual organizations, is illusory. The paper concludes that once virtual consciousness is penetrated not only are the material and ideological aspects of virtual organizations unmasked but it is possible to locate a pragmatic, conjoint, physicalized type of “virtualized” organization that is not new, benign or transcendental. This type of co‐destiny, virtual organization (such as terrorist organizations and organized crime), is more reflective of enduring concerns and contemporary purposes fundamental to what organizations make visible or render invisible.Originality/valueThis paper presents an innovative and critical examination of the collusion between neo‐liberal and postmodern thought and the practicalities, or otherwise, of designing virtual organizations. This paper should also be valuable to those concerned with the “virtuality” of terrorist and criminal organizations and the relationship between the visible and invisible aspects of organization.