bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unification of Gravity and Internal Interactions
Authors: Konitopoulos Spyros , Roumelioti Danai , Zoupanos George 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn the gauge theoretic approach of gravity, general relativity is described by gauging the symmetry of the tangent manifold in four dimensions. Usually the dimension of the tangent space is considered to be equal to the dimension of the curved manifold. However, the tangent group of a manifold of dimension d is not necessarily . It has been suggested earlier that by gauging an enlarged symmetry of the tangent space in four dimensions one could unify gravity with internal interactions. Here, such a unified model is considered by gauging the as the extended Lorentz group overcoming in this way some difficulties of the previous attempts of similar unification and eventually obtained the GUT, supplemented by an global symmetry.
On the use of artificial intelligence in predicting the compressive strength of various cardboard packaging
Authors: Gajewski Tomasz , Grabski Jakub K. , Cornaggia Aram , Garbowski Tomasz 
Published: November 2023

AbstractArtificial intelligence is increasingly used in various branches of engineering. In this article, artificial neural networks are used to predict the crush resistance of corrugated packaging. Among the analysed packages were boxes with ventilation openings, packages with perforations and typical flap boxes, which make the proposed estimation method very universal. Typical shallow feedforward networks were used, which are perfect for regression problems, mainly when the set of input and output parameters is small, so no complicated architecture or advanced learning techniques are required. The input parameters of the neural networks are selected so as to take into account not only the material used for the production of the packaging but also the dimensions of the box and the impact of ventilation holes and perforations on the load capacity of individual walls of the packaging. In order to maximize the effectiveness of neural network training process, the group of input parameters was changed so as to eliminate those to which the sensitivity of the model was the lowest. This allowed the selection of the optimal configuration of training pairs for which the estimation error was on the acceptable level. Finally, models of neural networks were selected, for which the training and testing error did not exceed 10%. The demonstrated effectiveness allows us to conclude that the proposed set of universal input parameters is suitable for efficient training of a single neural network model capable of predicting the compressive strength of various types of corrugated packaging.
Improving the accuracy of δ18O and δ17O values of O2 measured by continuous‐flow isotope‐ratio mass spectrometry with a multipoint isotope‐ratio calibration
Authors: de Carvalho Carolina F. M. , Lehmann Moritz F. , Pati Sarah G. 
Published: November 2023

RationaleStable isotope analysis of O2 is a valuable tool to identify O2‐consuming processes in the environment; however, reference materials for O2 isotope analysis are lacking. Consequently, a one‐point calibration with O2 from ambient air is often applied, which can lead to substantial measurement uncertainties. Our goals were to develop a simple multipoint isotope‐ratio calibration approach and to determine measurement errors of δ18O and δ17O values of O2 associated with a one‐point calibration.MethodsWe produced O2 photosynthetically with extracted spinach thylakoids from source waters with δ18O values of −56‰ to +95‰ and δ17O values of −30‰ to +46‰. Photosynthesis was chosen because this process does not cause isotopic fractionation, so that the O isotopic composition of the produced O2 will be identical to that of the source water. The δ18O and δ17O values of the produced O2 were measured by gas chromatography coupled with isotope‐ratio mass spectrometry (GC/IRMS), applying a common one‐point calibration.ResultsLinear regressions between δ18O or δ17O values of the produced O2 and those of the corresponding source waters resulted in slopes of 0.99 ± 0.01 and 0.92 ± 0.10, respectively. In the tested δ range, a one‐point calibration thus introduced maximum errors of 0.8‰ and 3.3‰ for δ18O and δ17O, respectively. Triple oxygen isotopic measurements of O2 during consumption by Fe2+ resulted in a δ18O–δ17O relationship (λ) of 0.49 ± 0.01 without δ scale correction, slightly lower than expected for mass‐dependent O isotopic fractionation.ConclusionsNo significant bias is introduced on the δ18O scale when applying a one‐point calibration with O2 from ambient air during O2 isotope analysis. Both O2 formation and consumption experiments, however, indicate a δ17O scale compression. Consequently, δ17O values cannot be measured accurately by GC/IRMS with a one‐point calibration without determining the δ17O scale correction factor, e.g. with the O2 formation experiments described here.
Structural, Characterization, And Morphological Properties Of Copper Nanoparticles From Opuntia Ficus Indica Plant
Authors: Selvaraj Bro Rosy Christy , Nambakkat Babitha , Palani Geetha , Mariappan Nageshwari , Mariyappan Gurumoorthy , Dhanapal Saravanan , Venkatesan Chithambaram 
Published: November 2023

AbstractOne of the most recent areas of interest in current nanotechnologies and nanosciences is the use of biomaterials in the manufacturing of nanoparticles. More and more research is being carried out on environmentally friendly methods to create metal oxide nanoparticles (NP), with the intention of preventing any potential risks associated with harmful substances for a safe and healthy environment. In this study, Copper Oxide (CuO) is synthesized utilizing Opuntia ficus‐indica as the plant extract using a Microwave Combustion Technique (MCM) and its comparison against the Conventional Combustion Method (CCM) are investigated. The synthesized CuO nanoparticles were characterized using X‐ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT‐IR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Energy Dispersive X‐ray Analysis (EDX) analysis. Photoluminescence spectroscopy was undertaken to acquire emission and absorption spectra and determine defects in the structures of all synthesized nanopowder samples. The antibacterial activity of the CuO nanoparticles was evaluated in‐vitro using gram‐negative and gram‐positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus). Enhanced anti‐bactericidal activity was shown against Gram‐negative bacteria compared to Gram‐positive bacteria. Through these findings, the use of CuO using Opuntia ficus indica extracts is hereby shown to be a cost‐effective and environmentally friendly alternative and that can be used in a variety of applications.
Stable Spiro‐Linked Terfluorenes with Triphenylamine Pendants as Deep Blue Emitters for Solution‐Processed Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Panoy Patchareepond , Prakanpo Nipanan , Chasing Pongsakorn , Chatanop Nuttapong , Sudyoadsuk Taweesak , Promarak Vinich 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHerein, we reported new spiro‐linked terfluorenes (TF1 and TF2) as solution‐processible hole‐transporting‐free deep‐blue fluorescent emitters for simple structured organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). They were designed and synthesized by incorporating triphenylamine pendants into the C9 positions of the spiro‐linked terfluorene, resulting in a criss‐cross configuration of the two terfluorene backbones and a highly bulky molecular geometry from the pendant groups. Consequently, TF1 and TF2 exhibited good quality thin films by spin‐coating, stable deep blue emissions with no unwanted long wavelength emission after prolonged thermal annealing and UV exposure, shallow highest occupied molecular orbital energy levels (−5.36–−5.37 eV), decent hole mobilities (1.09–1.23×10−7 cm2 V−1 s−1), and high thermal stability, and effectively employed as non‐doped emissive layers in the OLEDs. Particularly, TF2‐based solution‐processed OLED displayed a bright deep blue emission with superior EL performance (turn‐on voltage (Von) of 3.4 V, external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) of 3.82 %, and luminance efficiency (LEmax) of 5.22 cd A−1). This outstanding EL performance of the non‐doped solution‐processed deep blue OLED could be attributed to the effective molecular design, and this work presented a new approach for constructing effective blue emitters based on oligofluorenes.
Synthesis of Indole‐2‐carboxylates via Condensation of Nitroacetic Esters and 2‐Dimethylbenzaldehydes
Authors: Zaitseva Elvira R. , Ivanov Dmitrii S. , Baleeva Nadezhda S. , Smirnov Alexander Yu. , Mikhaylov Andrey A. , Baranov Mikhail S. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA new operationally simple single step method for synthesis indole‐2‐carboxylates from 2‐dimethylaminobenzaldehydes and nitroacetic acid esters in 22–59 % yields has been developed.
Highly Stretchable, Knittable, Wearable Fiberform Hydrovoltaic Generators Driven by Water Transpiration for Portable Self‐Power Supply and Self‐Powered Strain Sensor
Authors: Luo Guoxi , Xie Jiaqi , Liu Jielun , Luo Yunyun , Li Min , Li Zhikang , Yang Ping , Zhao Libo , Wang Kaifei , Maeda Ryutaro , Jiang Zhuangde 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe development of excellently stretchable, highly mobile, and sustainable power supplies is of great importance for self‐power wearable electronics. Transpiration‐driven hydrovoltaic power generator (HPG) has been demonstrated to be a promising energy harvesting strategy with the advantages of negative heat and zero‐carbon emissions. Herein, this work demonstrates a fiber‐based stretchable HPG with the advantages of high output, portability, knittability, and sustainable power generation. Based on the functionalized micro‐nano water diffusion channels constructed by the discarded mask straps (MSs) and oxidation‐treated carbon nanomaterials, the applied water can continuously produce electricity during the spontaneous flow and diffusion. Experimentally, when a tiny 0.1 mL of water encounters one end of the proposed HPG, the centimeter‐length device can yield a peak voltage of 0.43 V, peak current of 29.5 µA, and energy density of 5.833 mW h cm−3. By efficiently integrating multiple power generation units, sufficient output power can be provided to drive commercial electronic devices even in the stretched state. Furthermore, due to the reversibility of the electrical output during dynamic stretching‐releasing, it can passively convert physiological activities and motion behaviors into quantifiable and processable current signals, opening up HPG's application in the field of self‐powered wearable sensing.
One‐Step Synthesis of Multifunctional Bacterial Cellulose Film‐Based Phase Change Materials with Cross‐Linked Network Structure for Solar–Thermal Energy Conversion, Storage, and Utilization
Authors: Zhang Dong , Zhang Shengming , Liang Qianqian , Song Jiale , Guan Mengyao , Zhang Tao , Chen Shiyan , Wang Huaping 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAs one of the important directions of solar energy utilization, the construction of composite photothermal phase change materials (PCM) with reasonable network support and low leakage in the simple method is important to solve the transient availability of solar energy and achieve long‐lasting energy output. Here, a multifunctional silylated bacterial cellulose (BC)/hydroxylated carbon nanotube (HCNT)/polyethylene glycol (PEG) (SBTP) photothermal film‐based PCM with cross‐linked network structure is prepared by simple one‐step synthesis. The formation of the cross‐linked network structure achieves the enhancement of BC support network, prominent dispersion of HCNT and the direct introduction and perfect interlocking of PEG. Therefore, the optimal SBTP film exhibits high thermal enthalpy of 145.1 J g−1, enthalpy efficiency of over 94%, robust shape stability and low leakage of <1.2%. It also displays high photothermal conversion of over 80 °C, photothermal storage of 394 s g−1 and excellent stability. Thus, it can demonstrate a maximum output voltage of 423 mV and high power density of 30.26 W m−2 under three solar irradiations when applied in the solar–thermal–electric energy conversion field. Meanwhile, it also can apply in the thermal management of solar cell and light‐emitting diode (LED) chip, and convert the waste heat into electricity, demonstrating multi‐scene application capability.
A Multifunctional Zwitterion Electrolyte Additive for Highly Reversible Zinc Metal Anode
Authors: Liu Xinlong , Xu Bingang , Lu Jian , Han Jing , Deng Shenzhen , Yu Xiao , An Yongling , Tang Yun 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAlthough zinc metal anode is promising for zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) owing to high energy density, its reversibility is significantly obstructed by uncontrolled dendrite growth and parasitic reactions. Optimizing electrolytes is a facile yet effective method to simultaneously address these issues. Herein, 2‐(N‐morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid (MES), a pH buffer as novel additive, is initially introduced into conventional ZnSO4 electrolyte to ensure a dendrite‐free zinc anode surface, enabling a stable Zn/electrolyte interface, which is achieved by controlling the solvated sheath through H2O poor electric double layer (EDL) derived from zwitterionic groups. Moreover, this zwitterionic additive can balance localized H+ concentration of the electrolyte system, thus preventing parasitic reactions in damaging electrodes. DFT calculation proves that the MES additive has a strong affinity with Zn2+ and induces uniform deposition along (002) orientation. As a result, the Zn anode in MES‐based electrolyte exhibits exceptional plating/stripping lifespan with 1600 h at 0.5 mA cm−2 (0.5 mAh cm−2) and 430 h at 5.0 mA cm−2 (5.0 mAh cm−2) while it maintains high coulombic efficiency of 99.8%. This work proposes an effective and facile approach for designing dendrite‐free anode for future aqueous Zn‐based storage devices.
Pulsed Electrolysis Promotes CO2 Reduction to Ethanol on Heterostructured Cu2O/Ag Catalysts
Authors: Wu Xiuju , Li Xiaotong , Lv Jiabao , Lv Xiangzhou , Wu Angjian , Qi Zhifu , Wu Hao Bin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) into ethanol with high added value has attracted increasing attention. Here, an efficient catalyst with abundant Cu2O/Ag interfaces for ethanol production under pulsed CO2 electrolysis is reported, which is composed of Cu2O hollow nanospheres loaded with Ag nanoparticles (named as se‐Cu2O/Ag). The CO2‐to‐ethanol Faradaic efficiency is prominently improved to 46.3% at a partial current density up to 417 mA cm−2 under pulsed electrolysis conditions in a neutral flow cell, notably outperforming conventional Cu catalysts during static electrolysis. In situ spectroscopy reveals the stabilized Cu+ species of se‐Cu2O/Ag during pulsed electrolysis and the enhanced adsorbed CO intermediate (*CO)coverage on the heterostructured catalyst. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations further confirm that the Cu2O/Ag heterostructure stabilizes the *CO intermediate and promotes the coupling of *CO and adsorbed CH intermediate (*CH). Meanwhile, the stable Cu+ species under pulsed electrolysis favor the hydrogenation of adsorbed HCCOH intermediate (*HCCOH) to adsorbed HCCHOH intermediate (*HCCHOH) on the pathway to ethanol. The synergistic effect between the enhanced generation of *CO on Cu2O/Ag and regenerated Cu+ species under pulsed electrolysis steers the reaction pathway toward ethanol. This work provides some insights into selective ethanol production from CO2 electroreduction via combined catalyst design and non‐steady state electrolysis.
Integrating In‐Plane Thermoelectricity and Out‐Plane Piezoresistivity for Fully Decoupled Temperature‐Pressure Sensing
Authors: Wang Jincheng , Chen Rui , Ji Dongsheng , Xu Wenjun , Zhang Wenzhuo , Zhang Chen , Zhou Wei , Luo Tao 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA flexible sensor that simultaneously senses temperature and pressure is crucial in various fields, such as human‐machine interaction, artificial intelligence, and biomedical applications. Previous research has mainly focused on single‐function flexible sensors for e‐skins or smart devices, and integrated bimodal sensing of temperature and pressure without complex crosstalk decoupling algorithms remains challenging. In this work, a flexible bimodal sensor is proposed that utilizes spatial orthogonality between in‐plane thermoelectricity and out‐plane piezoresistivity, which enables fully decoupled temperature‐pressure sensing. The proposed bimodal sensor exhibits a high sensitivity of 281.46 µV K−1 for temperature sensing and 2.181 kPa−1 for pressure sensing. In the bimodal sensing mode, the sensor exhibits negligible mutual interference, providing a measurement error of ± 7% and ± 8% for temperature and pressure, respectively, within a 120 kPa pressure range and a 40 K temperature variation. Additionally, simultaneous spatial mapping of temperature and pressure with a bimodal sensor array enables contact shape identification with enhanced accuracy beyond the limit imposed by the number of sensing units. The proposed integrated bimodal sensing strategy does not require complex crosstalk decoupling algorithms, which represents a significant advancement in flexible sensors for applications that necessitate simultaneous sensing of temperature and pressure.
Solvent‐Free Synthesis of Covalent Organic Framework/Graphene Nanohybrids: High‐Performance Faradaic Cathodes for Supercapacitors and Hybrid Capacitive Deionization
Authors: Xu Liming , Liu Yong , Ding Zibiao , Xu Xingtao , Liu Xinjuan , Gong Zhiwei , Li Jiabao , Lu Ting , Pan Likun 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCovalent organic frameworks (COFs) with flexible periodic skeletons and ordered nanoporous structures have attracted much attention as potential candidate electrode materials for green energy storage and efficient seawater desalination. Further improving the intrinsic electronic conductivity and releasing porosity of COF‐based materials is a necessary strategy to improve their electrochemical performance. Herein, the employed graphene as the conductive substrate to in situ grow 2D redox‐active COF (TFPDQ‐COF) with redox activity under solvent‐free conditions to prepare TFPDQ‐COF/graphene (TFPDQGO) nanohybrids and explores their application in both supercapacitor and hybrid capacitive deionization (HCDI). By optimizing the hybridization ratio, TFPDQGO exhibits a large specific capacitance of 429.0 F g−1 due to the synergistic effect of the charge transport highway provided by the graphene layers and the abundant redox‐active centers contained in the COF skeleton, and the assembled TFPDQGO//activated carbon (AC) asymmetric supercapacitor possesses a high energy output of 59.4 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 950 W kg−1 and good cycling life. Furthermore, the maximum salt adsorption capacity (SAC) of 58.4 mg g−1 and stable regeneration performance is attained for TFPDQGO‐based HCDI. This study highlights the new opportunities of COF‐based hybrid materials acting as high‐performance supercapacitor and HCDI electrode materials.
Amorphous Modulation of Atomic Nb‐O/N Clusters with Asymmetric Coordination in Carbon Shells for Advanced Sodium‐Ion Hybrid Capacitors
Authors: Liu Baoquan , Hu Shuxiao , Pan Yang , Zeng Fanyan , Zhou Shengyu , Zheng Yingte , Ma Yongcun , Ma Dui , Luo Shenglian 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAnode materials with excellent properties have become the key to develop sodium‐ion hybrid capacitors (SIHCs) that combine the advantages of both batteries and capacitors. Amorphous modulation is an effective strategy to realize high energy/power density in SIHCs. Herein, atomically amorphous Nb‐O/N clusters with asymmetric coordination are in situ created in N‐doped hollow carbon shells (Nb‐O/N@C). The amorphous clusters with asymmetric Nb‐O3/N1 configurations have abundant charge density and low diffusion energy barriers, which effectively modulate the charge transport paths and improve the reaction kinetics. The clusters are also enriched with unsaturated vacancy defects and isotropic ion‐transport channels, and their atomic disordering exhibits high structural stress buffering, which are strong impetuses for realizing bulk‐phase‐indifferent ion storage and enhancing the storage properties of the composite. Based on these features, Nb‐O/N@C achieves notably improved sodium‐ion storage properties (reversible capacity of 240.1 mAh g−1 at 10.0 A g−1 after 8000 cycles), and has great potential for SIHCs (230 Wh Kg−1 at 4001.5 W Kg−1). This study sheds new light on developing high‐performance electrodes for sodium‐ion batteries and SIHCs by designing amorphous clusters and asymmetric coordination.
Small Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Helicobacter Pylori‐Infected Gastric Cancer Cells Induce Lymphangiogenesis and Lymphatic Remodeling via Transfer of miR‐1246
Authors: Lu Chen , Xie Li , Qiu Shengkui , Jiang Tianlu , Wang Luyao , Chen Zetian , Xia Yiwen , Lv Jialun , Li Ying , Li Bowen , Gu Chao , Xu Zekuan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLymph node metastasis (LNM) is a significant barrier to the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer (GC). Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)‐positive GC patients experience a higher rate of LNM than H. pylori‐negative GC patients. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Based on the findings of this study, H. pylori‐positive GC patients have greater lymphangiogenesis and lymph node immunosuppression than H. pylori‐negative GC patients. In addition, miR‐1246 is overexpressed in the plasma small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) of H. pylori‐positive GC patients, indicating a poor prognosis. Functionally, sEVs derived from GC cells infected with H. pylori deliver miR‐1246 to lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) and promote lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic remodeling. Mechanistically, miR‐1246 suppresses GSK3β expression and promotes β‐Catenin and downstream MMP7 expression in LECs. miR‐1246 also stabilizes programmed death ligand‐1 (PD‐L1) by suppressing GSK3β and induces the apoptosis of CD8+ T cells. Overall, miR‐1246 in plasma sEVs may be a novel biomarker and therapeutic target in GC‐LNM.
Efficient Exciton Dissociation on Ceria Chelated Cerium‐Based MOF Isogenous S‐Scheme Photocatalyst for Acetaldehyde Purification
Authors: Yang Hui , Jia Lu , Zhang Qitao , Yuan Saisai , Ohno Teruhisa , Xu Bin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLong‐term exposure to low concentration indoor VOCs of acetaldehyde (CH3CHO) is harmful to human health. Thus, a novel isogenous heterojunction CeO2/Ce‐MOF photocatalyst is synthesized via a one‐step hydrothermal method for the effective elimination of CH3CHO in this work. This CeO2/Ce‐MOF photocatalyst performs well in CH3CHO removal and achieves an apparent quantum efficiency of 7.15% at 420 nm, which presents ≈6.7 and 3.4 times superior to those generated by CeO2 and Ce‐MOF, respectively. The enhanced efficiency is due to two main aspects including i) an effective photocarrier separation ability and the prolonged reaction lifetime of excitons play crucial roles and ii) the formation of an internal electric field (IEF) is sufficient to overcome the considerable exciton binding energy, and increases the exciton dissociation efficiency by up to 50.4%. Moreover, the reasonable pathways and mechanisms of CH3CHO degradation are determined by in situ DRIFTS analysis and simulated DFT calculations. Those results demonstrated that S‐scheme heterojunction successfully increases the efficiency of harmful volatile organic compounds elimination, and it offers essential guidance for designing rare earth‐based MOF photocatalysts.