bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Premature Death as a Normative Concept
Authors: Sørheim Preben , Barra Mathias , Norheim Ole Frithjof , Gamlund Espen , Solberg Carl Tollef 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe practical goal of preventing premature death seems uncontroversial. But the term ‘premature death’ is vague with several, sometimes conflicting definitions. This ambiguity results in several conceptions with which not all will agree. Moreover, the normative rationale behind the goal of preventing premature deaths is masked by the operational definition of existing measures. In this article, we argue that ‘premature death’ should be recognized as a normative concept. We propose that normative theories should be used to justify measures of premature death to provide them with normative validity and public legitimacy.
An assessment of seismicity and near surface geophysical characteristics of potential solid waste landfill sites in the Eastern Black Sea Region of Türkiye
Authors: Karslı Hakan , Babacan Ali Erden , Sayıl Nilgün , Çoban Kaan Hakan , Akın Özgenç 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to assess the suitability of the potential solid waste landfill sites in seven provinces (Samsun, Ordu, Giresun, Trabzon, Gümüşhane, Bayburt and Artvin) in the Eastern Blacksea Region of Türkiye. The earthquake hazard analysis for two major earthquakes which occurred in the region was first carried out. Then, the geophysical methods including seismic refraction tomography (SRT), electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW) were conducted to find out the structural and physical properties of the subsurface which include the layering, soil classification based on VS30 and the groundwater content at 25 locations of 13 in target provinces. The integrated interpretation of whole data sets demonstrates that Işıktepe, Esence, Çamburnu and Kazantaş which are characterized by VP > 1200 m/s, VS30 ≥ 400 m/s, ρ > 70 Ohm-m, low earthquake hazard and seismicity are more suitable among others. Vezirköprü, Şebinkarahisar, Yenice, Bayburt-Center, Balkaynak and Murgul will be suitable after a geotechnical reclamation due to moderate seismic velocities and electrical resistivity which are 900 < VP ≤ 1200 m/s, 200 < VS30 < 400 m/s and 10 < ρ ≤ 70 Ohm-m representing stiff and wet soils. In addition, Bafra, Ağalık and Ovacık were considered to be unsuitable due to the presence of thick, water-saturated soft soil and extremely weathered rocks. Finally, this study shows that the joint interpretation of seismicity and geophysical data in potential waste landfill sites, extremely important for the planning and development of a city, can provide the valuable information which will enable to prevent possible deformations, environmental problems and economic losses after waste landfill.
Determinants of changes in harvested area and yields of major crops in China
Authors: Yin Fang , Sun Zhanli , You Liangzhi , Müller Daniel 
Published: January 2024

AbstractGlobal agricultural production has risen substantially in recent decades and needs to rise further to meet the ever-growing food demand. While higher production can be directly attributed to agricultural expansion and intensification, the underlying factors behind the changes in cultivated areas and yields can be complicated and have not been well understood. China has dramatically increased its food production in past decades, especially during the initial approximately 30 years following the commencement of the rural reform in the late 1970s. The agricultural land use, including cropland areas, the composition of different crops and their spatial distributions, and crop yields have experienced substantial changes. In this research, we quantitatively analysed the changes in the harvested areas and yields of the four most widely cultivated crops in China (rice, wheat, maize, and soybean) at the county level from 1980 to 2011. We used spatial panel regressions to quantify the determinants of the observed changes in harvested area and yields for the major cultivation region of each of the four crops. Results showed that growth in population, gross domestic product, and urbanisation are positively associated with harvested areas. Higher usage of machinery and fertiliser inputs increased yields of the three cereal crops, while the harvested area of soybean decreased, particularly after China’s accession to the WTO. Our findings reveal how domestic urbanisation and changes in consumption patterns, coupled with the rising globalisation of agricultural markets, shaped China’s agricultural production and land use over the three decades. These insights shed light on the determinants of long-term agricultural dynamics and thus inform evidence-based decision-making.
Impact of sleep–wake patterns and daily rhythms including training on midsleep time in adolescent basketball players during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Kullik Lisa , Stork Moritz , Kellmann Michael , Puta Christian , Jakowski Sarah 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Objectives
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) had a major impact on sleep and training behavior in adolescent athletes. A crucial sleep parameter is midsleep time, which illustrates the midpoint between sleep onset and offset. The aim of this investigation was to examine the impact of chronotype, age, sex, pandemic phase, weekend, and training habits on midsleep time. The sample consisted of German elite adolescent basketball athletes (N = 91, 15.75 ± 1.15 years, female = 39.46%).

Method
Data were collected through a 10-day subjective monitoring program during three different pandemic phases, with more severe restrictions in phase 1. In total, 1146 measurement points were analyzed. A linear mixed model approach was used for the evaluation.

Results
A negative linear association between chronotype and midsleep time was revealed. A negative effect was identified for phases 2 and 3. The weekend parameter showed a positive effect, which may illustrate the occurrence of social jetlag. The main finding of this investigation is that a morning chronotype distribution was associated with earlier midsleep timing throughout the entire survey period.

Conclusion
The results acknowledge that chronotype is one of the main influencing parameters for midsleep time. The study represents a useful contribution to the research of chronotype and sleep behavior in athletes, with a focus on the major impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Late effects of high-dose methotrexate in childhood cancer survivors: a Swiss single centre observational study
Authors: Brunold Kevin , Otth Maria , Scheinemann Katrin 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Importance
Childhood cancer survivors (CCS) are at risk for late effects of different organ systems. The currently available screening recommendations for those treated with high-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX) are not uniform and the available literature is limited.

Objective
We aim to assess the prevalence and severity of late effects in CCS treated with HD-MTX at a single centre in Switzerland. We focus on organ systems defined at risk by the long-term follow-up care guidelines of the children’s oncology group (COG), because this guideline has a holistic approach, is evidence based, and up to date.

Methods
We used the modified Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) to assess late effects in 15 different organ systems. Eligible were CCS diagnosed with cancer younger than 18 years and treated with HD-MTX, defined as at least 1 g per body surface area (≥ 1 g/m2).

Results
We analysed 32 CCS with a median follow-up of 12.1 years. The endocrine system was most frequently affected by adverse events (69%), followed by the musculoskeletal (57%) and neuropsychological (38%) systems. The hepatobiliary (9%) and immunological (6%) systems were the least affected ones. Within the endocrine system, overweight/obesity was the most frequent and severe diagnosis.

Conclusion
Late effects in CCS treated with HD-MTX are frequent. Our findings could add to the COG guidelines, where only screening for the musculoskeletal, neuropsychological, and hepatobiliary systems are recommended. More patient data need to be collected and analysed using the suggested standardised approach, to increase the quality of evidence for future screening recommendations.
Attending to slow violence: From Pride to Stand Out
Authors: Higham Leanne 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSlow violence occurs gradually and out of sight, an attritional violence of delayed destruction not usually viewed as violence at all. Relative to more immediately perceived and recognisable forms of violence, the temporal, spatial, and sensational invisibility of slow violence can hinder efforts to act decisively towards it. Drawing on material from ethnographic research in an outer-suburban Melbourne secondary school, I examine how attending to affective dissonances experienced by students and staff led me to witness the school’s first Pride Club meeting, the group’s decline, and its transformation into Stand Out Club. This transformation lifts to view a move beyond the politics through which the group was initially conceived into an ethical response attentive to queer students’ lives. Slow violence, conceptually, has much to offer, including the possibility for recognising and responding to slow violence with an ethics of nonviolence.
Investigation of physicochemical and chemical properties of biochar activated with carbonate, nitrate, and borohydride
Authors: ATEŞ Ayten 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Activation of biomass before pyrolysis with various chemicals significantly affects the surface area and porosity, chemical composition, and formation and distribution of functional groups on the surface of the biochar produced. For this purpose, raw tea waste (RTW) was mixed with potassium nitrate (KNO3), potassium sodium carbonate (NaKCO3), and sodium borohydride (NaBH4) in solid form and pyrolyzed at 500 °C for 1 h. The effects of the chemical activators on biomass char formation were investigated using DTA-TGA and DSC. Compared to conventional pyrolysis, carbonate, nitrate, and hydrides increase the gasification of biochar by catalyzing the decomposition of cellulose and lignin. The effect of NaBH4 on graphitization and deoxidation of carbon is higher than that of carbonates and nitrides. In addition, all prepared biochar samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, FT-IR, elemental analysis, and N2 adsorption–desorption. While treatment of RTW with KNO3 and NaKCO3 increased the hydroxylation of the biochar, treatment with NaBH4 decreased hydroxylation by increasing dehydrogenation and dehydroxylation. Increasing boron content led to hydroxylation of the material with hydratation of NaBO2. The surface area and pore distribution results showed that nitrates and carbonates have insignificant effect on the surface area of biochar, while NaBH4 almost doubles the surface area and total pore volume of biochar by forming hydrogen.
Remediation of contaminated water using cellulose acetate membrane hybrid by sunflower seed shell–activated carbon
Authors: Ali Alaa E. , Elwardany Rehab E. , Mustafa Ahmed A. , Shokry Hassan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In this study, newly created hybrid cellulose acetate (CA) membranes were prepared using the phase inversion technique. Activated carbon derived from Helianthus annuus (sunflower) seed shells (SFAC) were immersed in CA polymer casting solution, and the produced membranes were used to treat contaminated water. Phosphoric acid was utilized as an activating agent with a ratio of 3:1 (wt.) for preparing SFAC7, SFAC8, and SFAC9 activated carbons with various carbonization temperatures (700, 800, and 900°C, respectively). By using SEM, TEM, XRD, BET, and FTIR, the SFAC and CA membranes were characterized. The SFAC9 sample has the highest surface area SBET (786.62 m2/g), total pore volume VT (0.7694 mL/g), and pore radius r– (4.0026 nm). The effects of various starting concentrations (5–20 mg/L), SFAC dose (0.1–0.5), pH (2–12), and contact time (0.5–24 h) conditions were investigated. The outcomes showed that the CA (SFAC9 0.1%) membrane performed better than other membranes in removing crystal violet (CV) dye, with an 84.67% removal rate under ideal environmental circumstances. The dye decolorization onto the CA (SFAC9 0.1%) membrane was fitted with various adsorption isotherms using the Langmuir > Tempkin > Freundlich model. Additionally, the kinetics studies showed pseudo-second-order, which suggests that chemisorption occurred.
Robustness investigation of an in-situ absorption measurement system for laser processing
Authors: Wittemer Moritz , Wudy Katrin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe laser-material interaction Katrin Wudy for laser-material processes, such as laser welding, where several phase changes occur, still needs to be fully understood. The high energy input in the material in a short time and small space renders the laser-material interaction a complex and highly dynamic mechanism. This interaction and the resulting radiation absorption govern the process behavior during manufacturing and, in turn, the quality of parts. In situ monitoring of the laser radiation absorption can be facilitated to evaluate the process. The absorption can be determined using an integrating sphere. To employ such a measuring system reliably without intense calibration effort for high throughput experiments, the robustness of the measuring signal toward changes to the system is crucial. This work evaluates said robustness by a series of experiments for which the signal of the integrating sphere diode and the back-reflection sensor of the laser are considered. The measuring system was altered by varying the electronic gain and the distance between the sphere and the specimen. Multiple experiments with varying laser powers were conducted for every configuration of the measuring system. Additionally, the stability of the reflective properties of the coated inner sphere was evaluated by analyzing the change in the measurements over time. The experimental results show the robustness of the integrating sphere signal trend toward the changes in the measurement parameters and degradation of the inner sphere coating. These are properties of a robust measuring system, which has excellent use in high throughput experiments for fundamental research in laser-material interaction.
A Discussion of Positive Behavior Support and Applied Behavior Analysis in the Context of Autism Spectrum Disorder in the UK and Ireland
Authors: Stalford David , Graham Scott , Keenan Michael 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis article addresses the relationship between applied behavior analysis (ABA) and the emergence of positive behavior support (PBS) in context of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in the UK and Ireland. Two overarching issues that are salient in this discussion are professional training and certification. To date, there has been a lack of standardized training or statutory requirements to practice PBS despite proponents insisting that its practice should be grounded in behavior analytic principles. Furthermore, there is an undercurrent of anti-ABA bias fueled by misinterpretation and unsubstantiated anecdotal claims used to promote an alternative “value based” approach to managing behavior.
BAMBOO for Refugees—A Culturally Sensitive Positive Psychology Intervention: A Protocol for a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Hendriks Tom , de Jong Joop , Hassankhan Aabidien , van Woerkom Marianne 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis protocol investigates the efficacy of a mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) program named BAMBOO. The goal of this program is to increase resilience and mental well-being among refugees. In recent years, there has been an increasing number of refugees fleeing to Europe and applying for permanent residence. In the Netherlands, a wide variety of programs that focus on increasing mental well-being among refugees is available. BAMBOO is a strengths-based intervention, which consists of five weekly two-hour group-based sessions. It is based on the theoretical framework of positive psychology and adapted according to the guidelines for the implementation of culturally sensitive cognitive behavioral therapy among refugees. The program does not focus on the treatment of trauma, mental disorders, or underlying problems, but aims to increase factors such as personal strengths, positive emotions, positive relations, and self-esteem. The first version of the program (BAMBOO 1.0) has been conducted at over 50 asylum centers in the Netherlands since January 2020. In the time period from September 2020 to September 2022, qualitative and quantitative data were collected among BAMBOO trainers and participants and the program was adapted, leading to a revised version (BAMBOO 2.0). A single-blinded parallel pilot randomized controlled trial, with an intervention group and awaiting list control group, with 34 participants per group will be used to test the program’s efficacy. Outcomes include resilience, satisfaction with life, positive and negative affect, and self-esteem. The study will be conducted among adult Arabic speaking refugees, residing at an asylum center in the Netherlands and/ or in a Dutch municipality, Baseline, post-intervention, and five-week follow-up assessments will be conducted. This paper describes the protocol for the evaluation of a novel and culturally adapted program. The study will shed light on the efficacy of a culturally sensitive strengths-based intervention as a preventive approach to increase refugee well-being. ERB Tilburg University, TSB RP623.
Intra-family links in the analysis of marital networks
Authors: Merelo J. J. , Molinari M. Cristina 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMarriage networks, which represent the matrimonial connections between different families in a given historical and geographical milieu, rarely take into account one aspect of internal family dynamics, namely the existence of intra-family marriages. The inclusion of such marriages, represented in the graph by self-loops, is essential to compute more accurate measures of centrality. In this paper, we discuss various procedures for incorporating these links into the analysis, with the requirement that they be compatible with the use of already available social network analysis software. We then apply them to two historical marriage networks, one from the Republic of Venice and the other from Taiwan. By comparing centrality measures for the baseline and modified networks, we found that the most satisfactory of the proposed methods is the one that duplicate nodes of families with intra-family marriages and adds new edges that link these duplicated nodes to all the families to which the original node was connected. This procedure is computationally simple and conceptually sound, making it a useful tool for analyzing marital networks.
Just as Violent: Cyberbullying and In-Person Violence Compared Among Arab Youth in Israel
Authors: Jeries-Loulou Lana J. , Khoury-Kassabri Mona 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis study examined similarities and differences between adolescent involvement in cyberbullying and in-person violence from a socio-ecological perspective. It explored the associations between individual (gender, age, religiosity, and impulsivity), family (parental support, monitoring, and conflict), and contextual factors (commitment to school, affiliation with delinquent peers and exposure to community violence), on the one hand, and four types of violence: cyberbullying and three subtypes of in-person violence—severe and moderate physical violence and indirect violence—on the other. The sample included 3178 Arab students in grades 7–11 in Israel, who completed a structured survey. “In-person bullying” or face-to face violence was found to be significantly and positively associated with involvement in cyberbullying, and both bullying behaviors were found to share common predictors. Of the four types of violence, involvement in severe physical violence and cyberbullying and was the lower (28.4% and 14.1% and of students, respectively), with significantly higher rates for indirect and moderate violence (65.7% and 47.3%, respectively). The general trend found in the study was one of similarities between cyberbullying and in-person violence, especially of the severe physical type. We conclude that protecting youth against involvement in violent acts can be most effectively achieved by buffering the impact of situational and personal risk factors.
Analysis of Positive Weak Solutions for a Class of Fractional Laplacian Elliptic Systems of Type Kirchhoff
Authors: Guefaifia Rafik , Allahem Ali , Jan Rashid , Boulaaras Salah , Biomy Mohamed 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In this research work, a sub-supersolution approach is utilized to investigate the existence and nonexistence of weak positive solution for a class of fractional Laplacian Kirchhoff type elliptic systems in bounded domains with one parameter.
Microbiology of cardiac implantable electronic device infections in Calgary, Canada
Authors: King Teagan , Chew Derek S. , Leal Jenine , Cannon Kristine , Zhang Zuying , Rennert-May Elissa 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The microbiology of cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) infections in Calgary, Alberta was described, identifying 50 infections from 2013 to 2019. The majority were Staphylococcus aureus (40.0%). There is significant economic burden, mostly related to inpatient costs, associated with CIED infections. However, there were no significant differences in costs stratified by organism.
Shape effect on solid melting in flowing liquid
Authors: Yang Rui , Howland Christopher J. , Liu Hao-Ran , Verzicco Roberto , Lohse Detlef 
Published: January 2024

Iceberg melting is a critical factor for climate change. However, the shape of an iceberg is an often neglected aspect of its melting process. Our study investigates the influence of different ice shapes and ambient flow velocities on melt rates by conducting direct numerical simulations of a simplified system of bluff body flow. Our study focuses on the ellipsoidal shape, with the aspect ratio as the control parameter. We found the shape plays a crucial role in the melting process, resulting in significant variations in the melt rate between different shapes. Without flow, the optimal shape for a minimal melt rate is the disk (two-dimensional) or sphere (three-dimensional), due to the minimal surface area. However, as the ambient flow velocity increases, the optimal shape changes with the aspect ratio. We find that ice with an elliptical shape (when the long axis is aligned with the flow direction) can melt up to 10 % slower than a circular shape when exposed to flowing water. Following the approach considered by Huang et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 765, 2015, R3) for dissolving bodies, we provide a quantitative theoretical explanation for this optimal shape, based on the combined contributions from both surface-area effects and convective-heat-transfer effects. Our findings provide insight into the interplay between phase transitions and ambient flows, contributing to our understanding of the iceberg melting process and highlighting the need to consider the aspect-ratio effect in estimates of iceberg melt rates.