bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Raman microscopy to characterize plasma-wall interaction materials: from carbon era to metallic walls
Authors: Pardanaud C , Martin C , Roubin P , Roussin G , Dellasega D , Passoni M , Lungu C , Porosnicu C , Dinca P , Radović I Bogdanović , Siketić Z , Pégourié B , Bernard E , Diez M , Hakola A ,   EUROfusion WP PFC contributors
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Plasma-wall interaction in magnetic fusion devices is responsible for wall changes and plasma pollution with major safety issues. It is investigated both in situ and ex situ, especially by realizing large scale dedicated post-mortem campaigns. Selected parts of the walls are extracted and characterized by several techniques. It is important to extract hydrogen isotopes, oxygen or other element content. This is classically done by ion beam analysis and thermal desorption spectroscopy. Raman microscopy is an alternative and complementary technique. The aim of this work is to demonstrate that Raman microscopy is a very sensitive tool. Moreover, if coupled to other techniques and tested on well-controlled reference samples, Raman microscopy can be used efficiently for characterization of wall samples. Present work reviews long experience gained on carbon-based materials demonstrating how Raman microscopy can be related to structural disorder and hydrogen retention, as it is a direct probe of chemical bonds and atomic structure. In particular, we highlight the fact that Raman microscopy can be used to estimate the hydrogen content and bonds to other elements as well as how it evolves under heating. We also present state-of-the-art Raman analyses of beryllium- and tungsten-based materials, and finally, we draw some perspectives regarding boron-based deposits.
Asymmetric nanoparticle oxidation observed in-situ by the evolution of diffraction contrast
Authors: Poerwoprajitno Agus R , Baradwaj Nitish , Singh Manish Kumar , Carter C Barry , Huber Dale L , Kalia Rajiv , Watt John 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The use of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to observe real-time structural and compositional changes has proven to be a valuable tool for understanding the dynamic behavior of nanomaterials. However, identifying the nanoparticles of interest typically require an obvious change in position, size, or structure, as compositional changes may not be noticeable during the experiment. Oxidation or reduction can often result in subtle volume changes only, so elucidating mechanisms in real-time requires atomic-scale resolution or in-situ electron energy loss spectroscopy, which may not be widely accessible. Here, by monitoring the evolution of diffraction contrast, we can observe both structural and compositional changes in iron oxide nanoparticles, specifically the oxidation from a wüstite-magnetite (FeO@Fe3O4) core–shell nanoparticle to single crystalline magnetite, Fe3O4 nanoparticle. The in-situ TEM images reveal a distinctive light and dark contrast known as the ‘Ashby-Brown contrast’, which is a result of coherent strain across the core–shell interface. As the nanoparticles fully oxidize to Fe3O4, the diffraction contrast evolves and then disappears completely, which is then confirmed by modeling and simulation of TEM images. This represents a new, simplified approach to tracking the oxidation or reduction mechanisms of nanoparticles using in-situ TEM experiments.
Power quality improvement of hybrid renewable energy systems-based microgrid for statcom: hybrid-deep-learning model and mexican axoltl dingo optimizer (MADO)
Authors: Kumar Amit , Choudhary Jayanti 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The power generation from HRES, such as PV, FC, and Battery, is heavily dependent on weather conditions, resulting in PQ problems like voltage fluctuations, swells, harmonics, and sags. Rapid adjustment is therefore increasingly necessary in energy transmission and distribution networks. To address these issues, this paper proposes the use of STATCOM for reactive power compensation to mitigate voltage sag, swell, fluctuations, and THD. The paper discusses the modeling of HRES (PV-FC-Battery) and evaluates the fixed operating limit of the system with the integration of STATCOM. The main objective is to optimize gain parameters of FOPID controllers-based STATCOM control circuit using a hybrid deep learning model that includes CNN and RNN, and a hybrid meta-heuristic optimization model to improve voltage stability and response given the irregular nature of HRES. The optimized FOPID controller is evaluated to mitigate PQ issues such as voltage swell, fluctuation, sag, and harmonics. The proposed meta-heuristic optimization model, MADO, is a combination of MAO and DOA. The proposed approach is evaluated using power flow and power quality analyses on the IEEE 9 bus system’s power.
Renin Inhibition and the Long-Term Renal Function in Patients With Hypertensive Emergency: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Ueno Masaki , Fujii Wataru , Ono Wataru , Murata Hiroshi , Fujigaki Yoshihide , Shibata Shigeru 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The rehospitalization rate in a hypertensive emergency is high, indicating the necessity for optimizing its long-term management. The role of the renin–angiotensin system (RAS) blockade in this disorder remains uncertain.

METHODS
We conducted a retrospective analysis involving 20 admitted patients who received aliskiren, a direct renin inhibitor (DRI), for the management of hypertensive emergency associated with elevated plasma renin activity (PRA). We analyzed the changes in blood pressure (BP), kidney function, and RAS activity in the subacute and chronic phases.

RESULTS
The use of DRI was associated with a marked reduction in PRA (median, from 25.0 to 1.2 ng/ml/h) and serum aldosterone levels (from 404 to 130 pg/ml) during the index admission. BP also decreased from 226/143 to 142/80 mm Hg. A comparison of clinical characteristics according to the renal function indicated that dialysis-dependent patients had higher aldosterone levels than non-dialysis-dependent patients at admission, despite comparable BP levels. After a median follow-up of 567 days in non-dialysis-dependent patients with DRI, eGFR levels were significantly increased from 14.3 to 23.1 ml/min/1.73 m2. PRA levels were consistently suppressed at 0.8 ng/ml/h. We found a significant correlation between the degree of PRA suppression and changes in eGFR (r = –0.58), indicating that the effective blockade of RAS is associated with the preservation of eGFR in the study subjects.

CONCLUSIONS
DRI can successfully suppress PRA in patients with high-renin hypertensive emergency in both subacute and chronic phases. An efficient RAS blockade is associated with preserved renal function in these patients.
Parietal cortical alpha/beta suppression during prospective memory retrieval
Authors: Villafane Barraza Viviana , Voegtle Angela , de Matos Mansur Bruno , Reichert Christoph , Nasuto Slawomir J , Sweeney-Reed Catherine M 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Prospective memory (PM) impairment is among the most frequent memory complaints, yet little is known about the underlying neural mechanisms. PM for a planned intention may be achieved through strategic monitoring of the environment for cues, involving ongoing attentional processes, or through spontaneous retrieval. We hypothesized that parietal spectral power modulation accompanies prospectively encoded intention retrieval, irrespective of PM retrieval approach. A cognitively engaging arithmetic-based ongoing task (OGT) was employed to encourage spontaneous retrieval, with a focal, internally generated PM cue to eliminate OGT/PM trial differentiation based on perceptual or conceptual PM cue features. Two PM repetition frequencies were used to vary the extent of strategic monitoring. We observed a transient parietal alpha/beta spectral power reduction directly preceding the response, which was distinguishable on a single trial basis, as revealed by an OGT/PM trial classification rate exceeding 70% using linear discriminant analysis. The alpha/beta idling rhythm reflects cortical inhibition. A disengagement of task-relevant neural assemblies from this rhythm, reflected in alpha/beta power reduction, is deemed to increase information content, facilitate information integration, and enable engagement of neural assemblies in task-related cortical networks. The observed power reduction is consistent with the Dual Pathways model, where PM strategies converge at the PM retrieval stage.
Cortical origin of theta error signals
Authors: Herrera Beatriz , Sajad Amirsaman , Errington Steven P , Schall Jeffrey D , Riera Jorge J 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
A multi-scale approach elucidated the origin of the error-related-negativity (ERN), with its associated theta-rhythm, and the post-error-positivity (Pe) in macaque supplementary eye field (SEF). Using biophysical modeling, synaptic inputs to a subpopulation of layer-3 (L3) and layer-5 (L5) pyramidal cells (PCs) were optimized to reproduce error-related spiking modulation and inter-spike intervals. The intrinsic dynamics of dendrites in L5 but not L3 error PCs generate theta rhythmicity with random phases. Saccades synchronized the phases of the theta-rhythm, which was magnified on errors. Contributions from error PCs to the laminar current source density (CSD) observed in SEF were negligible and could not explain the observed association between error-related spiking modulation in L3 PCs and scalp-EEG. CSD from recorded laminar field potentials in SEF was comprised of multipolar components, with monopoles indicating strong electro-diffusion, dendritic/axonal electrotonic current leakage outside SEF, or violations of the model assumptions. Our results also demonstrate the involvement of secondary cortical regions, in addition to SEF, particularly for the later Pe component. The dipolar component from the observed CSD paralleled the ERN dynamics, while the quadrupolar component paralleled the Pe. These results provide the most advanced explanation to date of the cellular mechanisms generating the ERN.
Impella as a bridge-to-closure in post-infarction ventricular septal defect: a case series
Authors: Jalli Sandeep , Spinelli Kateri J , Kirker Eric B , Venkataraman Ashok , Abraham Jacob 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Post-infarction ventricular septal defect (PIVSD) is a rare, life-threatening complication of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Few studies report the use of mechanical circulatory support (MCS) for the treatment of cardiogenic shock in this setting. We describe our experience using a microaxial, transvalvular device (Impella, Abiomed, Danvers, MA, USA) as a bridge-to-closure for PIVSD.

Case summary
We identified 13 patients from two centres with cardiogenic shock due to PIVSD who received an Impella device between January 2016 and February 2022. Nine patients were transferred from another hospital, three with MCS devices [two intra-aortic balloon pumps (IABP), 1 Impella CP]. Eight patients received Impella 5.0, three received Impella 5.5 (one escalated from Impella CP), and two received Impella CP. The median time from AMI to Impella insertion was 5 (3–6) days. Five patients died on Impella support without an attempt to close the ventricular septum (VSD). Seven patients underwent successful VSD closure: six had surgical and one had percutaneous closure. One patient died during attempted percutaneous closure. Time from Impella insertion to VSD closure was 10.5 (7.8–14.0) days. Time from AMI to Impella was 5.0 (2.0–5.3) days in the group that survived to closure, and 6.0 (4.0–7.0) days in those who did not. Thirty-day mortality was 46%.

Discussion
Support with Impella improved clinical stability in most patients, yet multi-system organ failure leading to death occurred in many patients. Patients who survived closure had earlier time from AMI to Impella, underscoring that prompt recognition of PIVSD and initiation of MCS may improve survival to surgical or percutaneous closure.
Comparison of advanced echocardiographic right ventricular functional parameters with cardiovascular magnetic resonance in adult congenital heart disease
Authors: Bowen Daniel J , Kauling Robert M , Pelosi Chiara , van Haveren Lourus , McGhie Jackie S , Cuypers Judith A A E , Hirsch Alexander , Roos-Hesselink Jolien W , van den Bosch Annemien E 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Aims
Advanced transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) using volumetric and deformational indices provides detailed quantification of right ventricular (RV) function in adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD). Two-dimensional multi-plane echocardiography (2D-MPE) has demonstrated regional wall differences in RV longitudinal strain (LS). This study aims to evaluate the association of these parameters with cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR).

Methods and results
One-hundred stable ACHD patients with primarily affected RVs were included (age 50 ± 5 years; 53% male). Conventional and advanced echocardiographic RV functional parameters were compared with CMR-derived RV function. Advanced echocardiographic RV functional parameters were measurable in approximately one-half of the study cohort, while multi-wall LS assessment feasibility was lower. CMR RV ejection fraction (CMR-RVEF) was moderately correlated with deformational, area, and volumetric parameters [RV global LS (lateral wall and septum), n = 55: r = −0.62, P &lt; 0.001; RV wall average LS, n = 34: r = −0.49, P = 0.002; RV lateral wall LS, n = 56: r = −0.45, P &lt; 0.001; fractional area change, n = 67: r = 0.48, P &lt; 0.001; 3D-RVEF, n = 48: r = 0.40, P = 0.005]. Conventional measurements such as TAPSE and RV S′ correlated poorly. RV global LS best identified CMR-RVEF &lt; 45% (area under the curve: 0.84, P &lt; 0.001: cut-off value −19%: sensitivity 100%, specificity 57%). RVEF and LS values were significantly higher when measured by CMR compared with TTE (mean difference RVEF: 5 [−9 to 18] %; lateral (free) wall LS: −7 [7 to −21] %; RV global LS: −6 [5 to −16] %) while there was no association between respective LS values.

Conclusion
In ACHD patients, advanced echocardiographic RV functional parameters are moderately correlated with CMR-RVEF, although significant differences exist between indices measurable by both modalities.
The cardiopulmonary exercise test in the prognostic evaluation of patients with heart failure and cardiomyopathies: the long history of making a one-size-fits-all suit
Authors: Salvioni Elisabetta , Bonomi Alice , Magrì Damiano , Merlo Marco , Pezzuto Beatrice , Chiesa Mattia , Mapelli Massimo , Baracchini Nikita , Sinagra Gianfranco , Piepoli Massimo , Agostoni Piergiuseppe 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) has become pivotal in the functional evaluation of patients with chronic heart failure (HF), supplying a holistic evaluation both in terms of exercise impairment degree and possible underlying mechanisms. Conversely, there is growing interest in investigating possible multiparametric approaches in order to improve the overall HF risk stratification.
In such a context, in 2013, a group of 13 Italian centres skilled in HF management and CPET analysis built the Metabolic Exercise test data combined with Cardiac and Kidney Indexes (MECKI) score, based on the dynamic assessment of HF patients and on some other instrumental and laboratory parameters. Subsequently, the MECKI score, initially developed on a cohort of 2716 HF patients, has been extensively validated as well as challenged with the other multiparametric scores, achieving optimal results. Meanwhile, the MECKI score research group has grown over time, involving up to now a total of 27 centres with an available database accounting for nearly 8000 HF patients. This exciting joint effort from multiple HF Italian centres allowed to investigate different HF research field in order to deepen the mechanisms underlying HF, to improve the ability to identify patients at the highest risk as well as to analyse particular HF categories. Most recently, some of the participants of the MECKI score group started to join the forces in investigating a possible additive role of CPET assessment in the cardiomyopathy setting too.
The present study tells the ten-year history of the MECKI score presenting the most important results achieved as well as those projects in the pipeline, this exciting journey being far to be concluded.
The potential impact of clinical decision support on nonwaivered primary care clinicians’ prescribing of buprenorphine
Authors: Olson Anthony W , Haapala Jacob L , Hooker Stephanie A , Solberg Leif I , Borgert-Spaniol Caitlin M , Romagnoli Katrina M , Allen Clayton I , Tusing Lorraine D , Wright Eric A , Haller Irina V , Rossom Rebecca C 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Elimination of the X-waiver increased potential buprenorphine prescribers 13-fold, but growth in prescribing will likely be much lower. We explored self-assessments of nonwaivered primary care clinicians (PCCs) for factors affecting their likelihood to prescribe buprenorphine were the X-waiver eliminated (since realized January 2023) and the potential impacts of a clinical decision-support (CDS) tool for opioid use disorder (OUD). Cross-sectional survey data were obtained between January 2021 and March 2022 from 305 nonwaivered PCCs at 3 health systems. Factors explored were patient requests for buprenorphine, PCC access to an OUD-CDS, and PCC confidence and abilities for 5 OUD-care activities. Relationships were described using descriptive statistics and odds ratios. Only 26% of PCCs were more likely to prescribe buprenorphine upon patient request, whereas 63% were more likely to prescribe with the OUD-CDS. PCC confidence and abilities for some OUD-care activities were associated with increased prescribing likelihood from patient requests, but none were associated with the OUD-CDS. The OUD-CDS may increase buprenorphine prescribing for PCCs less likely to prescribe upon patient request. Future research is needed to develop interventions that increase PCC buprenorphine prescribing.
Clinical trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov. Identifier: NCT04198428.
Clinical trial name: Clinical Decision Support for Opioid Use Disorders in Medical Settings (Compute 2.0)
Theoretical framework of concerns about falling in older people: the role of health literacy
Authors: Lim Mei Ling , van Schooten Kimberley S , Radford Kylie A , Hadjistavropoulos Thomas , Everett Bronwyn , Zijlstra Rixt , Delbaere Kim 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAdherence and participation can be improved in health programs for older people with concerns about falling. While health literacy empowers older people to have greater control over their health, little is known about the extent to which health literacy influences health behaviours associated with concerns about falling in older people. This study aimed to synthesise current findings on health literacy, concerns about falling and falls to propose a multicomponent theoretical model on health literacy and concerns about falling. The model was developed based on a review of the literature, existing frameworks and models on health literacy and concerns about falling. Existing evidence on the relationship between health literacy and concerns about falling in older people is limited. Evidence from other research areas, however, shows that health literacy is closely related to many of the determinants of concerns about falling. More research is needed to clarify the impact of health literacy on intervention adherence and decision-making processes of older people with concerns about falling. Our model offers a novel perspective on the role of health literacy in health behaviours associated with concerns about falling, suggesting new research directions and providing insights for clinicians to consider health literacy when managing older patients with concerns about falling.
PLAAT1 expression triggers fragmentation of mitochondria in an enzyme activity-dependent manner
Authors: Sikder Mohammad Mamun , Uyama Toru , Sasaki Sumire , Kawai Katsuhisa , Araki Nobukazu , Ueda Natsuo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe phospholipase A and acyltransferase (PLAAT) family is a protein family consisting of five members (PLAAT1–5), which acts as phospholipid-metabolizing enzymes with phospholipase A1/A2 and N-acyltransferase activities. Since we previously reported that the overexpression of PLAAT3 in mammalian cells causes the specific disappearance of peroxisomes, in the present study we examined a possible effect of PLAAT1 on organelles. We prepared HEK293 cells expressing mouse PLAAT1 in a doxycycline-dependent manner and found that the overexpression of PLAAT1 resulted in the transformation of mitochondria from the original long rod shape to a round shape, as well as their fragmentation. In contrast, the overexpression of a catalytically inactive point mutant of PLAAT1 did not generate any morphological change in mitochondria, suggesting the involvement of catalytic activity. PLAAT1 expression also caused the reduction of peroxisomes, while the levels of the marker proteins for ER, Golgi apparatus and lysosomes were almost unchanged. In PLAAT1-expressing cells, the level of dynamin-related protein 1 responsible for mitochondrial fission was increased, whereas those of optic atrophy 1 and mitofusin 2, both of which are responsible for mitochondrial fusion, were reduced. These results suggest a novel role of PLAAT1 in the regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis.
Transcriptome analysis used to identify and characterize odorant binding proteins in Agasicles hygrophila (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
Authors: Dong Changhong , Huang Cong , Ning Xiaoyu , Liu Bo , Qiao Xi , Qian Wanqiang , Zhu Daohong , Wan Fanghao 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The transcriptomes of Agasicles hygrophila eggs and first instar larvae were analyzed to explore the olfactory mechanism of larval behavior. The analysis resulted in 135,359 unigenes and the identification of 38 odorant-binding proteins (OBPs), including 23 Minus-C OBPs, 8 Plus-C OBPs, and 7 Classic OBPs. Further analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) revealed 10 DEG OBPs, with 5 (AhygOBP5, AhygOBP9, AhygOBP12, AhygOBP15 and AhygOBP36) up-regulated in first instar larvae. Verification of expression patterns of these 5 AhygOBPs using qPCR showed that AhygOBP9 and AhygOBP36 were mainly expressed in the adult stage with gradually increasing expression in the larval stage. AhygOBP5, AhygOBP12, and AhygOBP15 were not expressed in eggs and pupae, and their expression in larvae and adults showed no clear pattern. These 5 AhygOBPs may play an olfactory role in larval behavior, providing a basis for further investigation of their specific functions and clarifying the olfactory mechanism of A. hygrophila.