bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tick-Borne Disease Infections and Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain
Authors: Zychowski Diana L. , Alvarez Carolina , Abernathy Haley , Giandomenico Dana , Choudhary Shailesh K. , Vorobiov Julia M. , Boyce Ross M. , Nelson Amanda E. , Commins Scott P. 
Published: January 2024

ImportanceTick-borne diseases (TBDs) other than Lyme disease, such as spotted fever group rickettsiosis, ehrlichiosis, and galactose-α-1,3-galactose (α-gal) syndrome, are an emerging public health issue. Long-term sequelae secondary to Ehrlichia or Rickettsia infection are uncommon; however, musculoskeletal symptoms are often attributed to prior tick exposure.ObjectiveTo evaluate the potential associations between prior exposure to TBDs and musculoskeletal symptoms, including radiographic osteoarthritis.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study analyzed serum samples from the fourth visit (2017-2018) of the Johnston County Osteoarthritis (JoCo OA) project, an ongoing longitudinal, population-based study in Johnston County, North Carolina. Biospecimen testing and analysis were performed between May 2022 and November 2023. Participants in the JoCo OA project are noninstitutionalized White and Black Johnston County residents 45 years or older.Main Outcome and MeasuresThe primary outcome was seropositivity with Ehrlichia IgG, Rickettsia IgG, and/or α-gal IgE and musculoskeletal symptoms. Secondary outcomes included risk factors associated with elevated α-gal IgE and weighted population point prevalence rates. Participants completed questionnaires, underwent physical assessments, and provided biospecimens for serological testing. Multivariable models were used to estimate associations of interest.ResultsOf the 605 participants who completed the fourth visit of the JoCo OA project, 488 (80.7%) had serum samples available for testing. The 488 participants had a median (IQR) age of 72 (68-78) years and included 336 females (68.9%) and 161 Black (33.0%) and 327 White (67.0%) individuals. The overall weighted point prevalence was 8.6% (95% CI, 5.9%-11.3%) for Ehrlichia IgG, 17.1% (95% CI, 12.6%-21.5%) for Rickettsia IgG, and 19.6% (95% CI, 15.3%-23.8%) for α-gal IgE level greater than 0.1 IU/mL. Only α-gal IgE was associated with knee pain, aching or stiffness (mean ratio, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.09-1.56). Antibodies to Rickettsia, Ehrlichia, and α-gal were not associated with symptomatic radiographic knee osteoarthritis. Male sex (odds ratio [OR], 2.63; 95% CI, 1.55-4.47), current smoker status (OR, 3.55; 95% CI, 1.38-9.18), and an attached tick bite in the past 5 years (OR, 3.99; 95% CI, 2.22-7.15) were all risk factors that were associated with α-gal IgE level greater than 0.1 IU/mL. Despite only 84 individuals (17.2%) recalling a tick bite in the past 5 years, 178 (36.5%) had evidence of prior tick-borne exposure, suggesting frequent human-tick interactions.Conclusions and RelevanceResults of this cross-sectional study indicate no association between Ehrlichia or Rickettsia seropositivity and chronic musculoskeletal symptoms or osteoarthritis. Further investigation is needed into the pathogenesis of α-gal syndrome and interventions to reduce human-tick interactions.
Head and Neck Cancer Incidence in the United States Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Semprini Jason , Pagedar Nitin A. , Boakye Eric Adjei , Osazuwa-Peters Nosayaba 
Published: January 2024

ImportanceResearch about population-level changes in the incidence and stage of head and neck cancer (HNC) associated with the COVID-19 pandemic is sparse.ObjectiveTo examine the change in localized vs advanced HNC incidence rates before and during the first year of the pandemic.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this cross-sectional study of patients in the US diagnosed with HNC from 2017 to 2020, the estimated number with cancer of the oral cavity and pharynx (floor of mouth; gum and other mouth; lip; oropharynx and tonsil; and tongue) and larynx were identified from the SEER cancer registry. Subgroup analyses were stratified by race and ethnicity, age, and sex. Data were analyzed after the latest update in April 2023.ExposureThe COVID-19 pandemic in 2020.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcomes were the annual incidence rates per 100 000 people for localized HNC (includes both localized and regional stages) and advanced HNC (distant stage) and weighted average annual percentage change from 2019 to 2020. Secondary outcomes included annual percentage change for 2017 to 2018 and 2018 to 2019, which provided context for comparison.ResultsAn estimated 21 664 patients (15 341 [71%] male; 10 726 [50%] ≥65 years) were diagnosed with oral cavity and pharynx cancer in 2019 in the US, compared with 20 390 (4355 [70%] male; 10 393 [51%] ≥65 years) in 2020. Overall, the HNC incidence rate per 100 000 people declined from 11.6 cases in 2019 to 10.8 in 2020. The incidence rate of localized cancer declined to 8.8 cases (−7.9% [95% CI, −7.5 to −8.2]) from 2019 to 2020. The localized cancer incidence during the first year of the pandemic decreased the most among male patients (−9.3% [95% CI, −9.2 to −9.5]), Hispanic patients (−12.9% [95% CI, −12.9 to −13.0]), and individuals with larynx cancer (−14.3% [95% CI, −13.6 to −15.0]). No change in the overall incidence rate was found for advanced HNC.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional study, the incidence of localized HNC declined during the first year of the pandemic. A subsequent increase in advanced-stage diagnoses may be observed in later years.
Molecular Alterations and Comprehensive Clinical Management of Oncocytic Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Bischoff Lindsay A. , Ganly Ian , Fugazzola Laura , Buczek Erin , Faquin William C. , Haugen Bryan R. , McIver Bryan , McMullen Caitlin P. , Newbold Kate , Rocke Daniel J. , Russell Marika D. , Ryder Mabel , Sadow Peter M. , Sherman Eric , Shindo Maisie , Shonka David C. , Singer Michael C. , Stack Brendan C. , Wirth Lori J. , Wong Richard J. , Randolph Gregory W. 
Published: January 2024

ImportanceOncocytic (Hürthle cell) thyroid carcinoma is a follicular cell-derived neoplasm that accounts for approximately 5% of all thyroid cancers. Until recently, it was categorized as a follicular thyroid carcinoma, and its management was standardized with that of other differentiated thyroid carcinomas. In 2022, given an improved understanding of the unique molecular profile and clinical behavior of oncocytic thyroid carcinoma, the World Health Organization reclassified oncocytic thyroid carcinoma as distinct from follicular thyroid carcinoma. The International Thyroid Oncology Group and the American Head and Neck Society then collaborated to review the existing evidence on oncocytic thyroid carcinoma, from diagnosis through clinical management and follow-up surveillance.ObservationsGiven that oncocytic thyroid carcinoma was previously classified as a subtype of follicular thyroid carcinoma, it was clinically studied in that context. However, due to its low prevalence and previous classification schema, there are few studies that have specifically evaluated oncocytic thyroid carcinoma. Recent data indicate that oncocytic thyroid carcinoma is a distinct class of malignant thyroid tumor with a group of distinct genetic alterations and clinicopathologic features. Oncocytic thyroid carcinoma displays higher rates of somatic gene variants and genomic chromosomal loss of heterozygosity than do other thyroid cancers, and it harbors unique mitochondrial DNA variations. Clinically, oncocytic thyroid carcinoma is more likely to have locoregional (lymph node) metastases than is follicular thyroid carcinoma—with which it was formerly classified—and it develops distant metastases more frequently than papillary thyroid carcinoma. In addition, oncocytic thyroid carcinoma rarely absorbs radioiodine.Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this review suggest that the distinct clinical presentation of oncocytic thyroid carcinoma, including its metastatic behavior and its reduced avidity to radioiodine therapy, warrants a tailored disease management approach. The reclassification of oncocytic thyroid carcinoma by the World Health Organization is an important milestone toward developing a specific and comprehensive clinical management for oncocytic thyroid carcinoma that considers its distinct characteristics.
Analysis of deep mining model for indentation data of biomaterials
Authors: Yuan Qingming 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe traditional data mining model of indentation has low accuracy in analyzing the linear relationship between the relevant physical quantities of the indentation, so a deep mining model for indentation data of biomaterials is designed. Firstly, the constitutive relation of the material is set by the actual indentation, and the dimension data are collected by the independent free variable function. The characteristic Raman peak is obtained according to the properties of the biological nanomaterials. The stress data are preprocessed by selecting the direction of indentation, which is convenient to observe the dislocation nucleation and deformation twin phenomenon in the process of indenting. The synergistic effect of these dislocations leads to the fact that the load displacement curve shows obvious linear relationship, so as to complete the analysis of the deep mining model of the indentation data of biological nanomaterials. The experimental results show that in the linear relationship analysis of contact depth and indentation depth, the linear relationship discreteness of the designed model is 0.44 lower than that of the traditional model and in the linear relationship analysis of contact stiffness and indentation depth, the linear relationship discreteness of the designed model is 0.38 lower than that of the traditional model, which indicates that the accuracy of the designed model is higher than that of the traditional model in analyzing the linear relationship between the relevant physical quantities of the indentation. In addition, the average accuracy of the model for five different materials is 98.23%.
A DNA/Upconversion Nanoparticle Complex Enables Controlled Co‐Delivery of CRISPR‐Cas9 and Photodynamic Agents for Synergistic Cancer Therapy
Authors: Song Nachuan , Fan Xiaoting , Guo Xiaocui , Tang Jianpu , Li Hongjin , Tao Ruoyu , Li Fengqin , Li Junru , Yang Dayong , Yao Chi , Liu Peifeng 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) depends on the light‐irradiated exciting of photosensitizer (PS) to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), which faces challenges and limitations in hypoxia and antioxidant response of cancer cells, and limited tissue‐penetration of light. Herein, a multifunctional DNA/upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) complex is developed which enables controlled co‐delivery of CRISPR‐Cas9, hemin, and protoporphyrin (PP) for synergistic PDT. An ultralong single‐stranded DNA (ssDNA) is prepared via rolling circle amplification (RCA), which contains recognition sequences of single guide RNA (sgRNA) for loading Cas9 ribonucleoprotein (RNP), G‐quadruplex sequences for loading hemin and PP, and linker sequences for combining UCNP. Cas9 RNP cleaves the antioxidant regulator nuclear factor E2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2), improving the sensitivity of cancer cells to ROS, and enhancing the synergistic PDT effect. The G‐quadruplex/hemin DNAzyme mimicks horseradish peroxidase (HRP) to catalyze the endogenous H2O2 to O2, overcoming hypoxia condition in tumors. The introduced UCNP converts NIR irradiation with deep tissue penetration to light with shorter wavelength, exciting PP to transform the abundant O2 to 1O2. The integration of gene editing and PDT allows substantial accumulation of 1O2 in cancer cells for enhanced cell apoptosis, and this synergistic PDT has shown remarkable therapeutic efficacy in a breast cancer mouse model.
Enhanced Photocatalytic and Photovoltaic Performance Arising from Unconventionally Low Donor–Y6 Ratios
Authors: Dolan Andrew , Pan Xun , Griffith Matthew J. , Sharma Anirudh , de la Perrelle Jessica M. , Baran Derya , Metha Gregory F. , Huang David M. , Kee Tak W. , Andersson Mats R. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDevelopment of both organic photovoltaics (OPVs) and organic photocatalysts has focused on utilizing the bulk heterojunction (BHJ). The BHJ promotes charge separation and enhances the carrier lifetime, but may give rise to increased charge traps, hindering performance. Here, high photocatalytic and photovoltaic performance is displayed by electron donor–acceptor (D–A) nanoparticles (NPs) and films, using the nonfullerene acceptor Y6 and polymer donor PIDT‐T8BT. In contrast to conventional D–A systems, the charge generation in PIDT‐T8BT:Y6 NPs is mainly driven by Y6, allowing a high performance even at a low D:A mass ratio of 1:50. The high performance at the low mass ratio is attributed to the amorphous behavior of PIDT‐T8BT. Low ratios are generally thought to yield lower efficiency than the more conventional ≈1:1 ratio. However, the OPVs exhibit peak performance at a D:A ratio of 1:5. Similarly the NPs used for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution show peak performance at the 1:6.7 D:A ratio. Interestingly, for the PIDT‐T8BT:Y6 system, as the polymer proportion increases, a reduced photocatalytic and photovoltaic performance is observed. The unconventional D:A ratios provide lower recombination losses and increased charge‐carrier lifetime with undisrupted ambipolar charge transport in bulk Y6, enabling better performance than conventional ratios. This work reports novel light‐harvesting materials in which performance is reduced due to unfavorable morphology as D:A ratios move toward conventional ratios of 1:1.2–1:1.
High‐Quality NiFe Thin Films on Oxide/Non‐Oxide Platforms via Pulsed Laser Deposition at Room Temperature
Authors: Yan Hong , Omar Ganesh Ji , Zhang Zhaoting , Lim Zhi Shiuh , Ariando A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSoft ferromagnetic permalloy (NiFe) thin films are promising for applications in spintronic devices because of their constituent electrical and magnetic properties. Electron beam evaporation and sputtering techniques have been used to deposit NiFe thin films. For in situ stacking of NiFe with functional complex oxides, the pulsed laser deposition (PLD) method is highly desirable. However, the growth of high‐quality NiFe (and non‐oxide thin films in general) by PLD remains a formidable task. Here, high‐quality NiFe thin films of various thicknesses on oxide/non‐oxide substrates with desirable magnetic properties by PLD at room temperature are reported. The magnetic properties are found to be strongly dependent on the laser fluence of the deposition process. The laser fluence of 4 J cm−2 produces the highest magnetization of ≈547 emu cc−1. The small coercivity (few Oersted) and sharp ferromagnetic switching behavior indicate uniaxial anisotropy with an easy axis along the in‐plane direction. In addition, thickness‐dependent magnetodynamics characterizations are studied via ferromagnetic resonance. These results offer significant insight into the PLD‐based development of thin metal magnetic films.
Stop Blaming Hopping Conduction in Nanocrystal Arrays, Use it for Active Photonics!
Authors: Ledos Nicolas , Dang Tung H. , Cavallo Mariarosa , Zhang Huichen , Bossavit Erwan , Khalili Adrien , Do Lam Nguyen , Gréboval Charlie , Ithurria Sandrine , Utterback James K. , Pierucci Debora , Vincent Gregory , Vasanelli Angela , Lhuillier Emmanuel 
Published: January 2024

AbstractNanocrystals (NCs) are now established building blocks for photonic applications. However, their integration for optoelectronics has not yet reached the same level of maturity, in part due to the perceived bottleneck that is the inherent limited mobility resulting from hopping conduction. Significant efforts are made to improve this mobility, notably by tuning the particle surface chemistry to enable larger interparticle electronic coupling, and values of mobility of ≈10 cm2 V−1 s−1 have been achieved. It is acknowledged that this value remains significantly lower than those obtained in 2D electron gases but is on par with the mobility reported for vertical transport in epitaxially grown heterostructures with similar confinement energies. Since there appears to be limited perspectives for further increasing mobility values, a suggestion is made that efforts should instead be directed toward exploring the potential benefits offered by hopping conduction. One of these benefits is the bias dependence of the diffusion length, which plays a key role in designing bias‐reconfigurable optical responses for NC‐based devices. Some recent achievements in building bias‐activated devices will be reviewed and the essential criteria for designing future structures will be discussed. Ultimately, hopping conduction is an opportunity to generate new functionalities that low‐disorder materials would be unable to provide.
Heterointerface Energetics Regulation Strategy Enabled Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zhu Yunfei , Zhang Zuolin , Zhao Xuefan , Li Mengjia , Feng Yinsu , Zhang Shuliang , Gao Wenhuan , Chen Jiangzhao , Tang Jian‐Xin , Chen Cong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn the domain of perovskite photovoltaics, the heterointerfaces are subject to substantial trap‐assisted non‐radiative recombination, predominantly attributed to the energy offset, interface defects, and the roughness of the contact. This phenomenon at the heterointerfaces, where carrier non‐radiative recombination and energy dissipation occur due to defects and suboptimal energy level alignment, can be principally held accountable for the Voc losses. Herein, a heterointerface energetics regulation (HER) strategy is proposed by introducing potassium trifluoroacetate (KTFA) in the perovskite precursor solution to eliminate the trap defects and optimize surface potential and Fermi level. It is first demonstrated that non‐doping K+ but precipitating at the upper and buried perovskite will improve energy‐level alignment for charge extraction dynamics. In addition, the TFA− exhibits strong electrostatic force with undercoordinated Pb2+ in the buried contact of perovskite and Sn4+ in the SnO2 electron transporting layer. Based on the vacuum flash evaporation green treatment without anti‐solvent, the Rb0.02(Cs0.05FA0.95)0.98PbI0.91Br0.03Cl0.06 and Cs0.05FA0.95PbI3 based device can achieve maximum efficiency of 23.36% and 24.48%, respectively. Further, the modified devices exhibit 92% initial efficiency output after 1200 h of aging. HER strategy for addressing interface defects and bandgap alignment are poised to advance both the performance and stability of perovskite solar cells.
Oxygen‐18 Labeling Reveals a Mixed Fe−O Mechanism in the Last Step of Cytochrome P450 51 Sterol 14α‐Demethylation
Authors: McCarty Kevin D. , Tateishi Yasuhiro , Hargrove Tatiana Y. , Lepesheva Galina I. , Guengerich F. Peter 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe 14α‐demethylation step is critical in eukaryotic sterol biosynthesis, catalyzed by cytochrome P450 (P450) Family 51 enzymes, for example, with lanosterol in mammals. This conserved three‐step reaction terminates in a C−C cleavage step that generates formic acid, the nature of which has been controversial. Proposed mechanisms involve roles of P450 Compound 0 (ferric peroxide anion, FeO2−) or Compound I (perferryl oxygen, FeO3+) reacting with either the aldehyde or its hydrate, respectively. Analysis of 18O incorporation into formic acid from 18O2 provides a means of distinguishing the two mechanisms. Human P450 51A1 incorporated 88 % 18O (one atom) into formic acid, consistent with a major but not exclusive FeO2− mechanism. Two P450 51 orthologs from amoeba and yeast showed similar results, while two orthologs from pathogenic trypanosomes showed roughly equal contributions of both mechanisms. An X‐ray crystal structure of the human enzyme showed the aldehyde oxygen atom 3.5 Å away from the heme iron atom. Experiments with human P450 51A1 and H218O yielded primarily one 18O atom but 14 % of the formic acid product with two 18O atoms, indicative of a minor contribution of a Compound I mechanism. LC–MS evidence for a Compound 0‐derived Baeyer–Villiger reaction product (a 14α‐formyl ester) was also found.
Iodinated Electron Acceptor with Significantly Extended Exciton Diffusion Length for Efficient Organic Photovoltaic Cells
Authors: Chen Zhihao , Zhang Shaoqing , Zhang Tao , Ren Junzhen , Dai Jiangbo , Li Huixue , Qiao Jiawei , Hao Xiaotao , Hou Jianhui 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIodination has unlocked new potentials in organic photovoltaics (OPVs). A newly designed and synthesized iodinated non‐fullerene acceptor, BO‐4I, showcases exceptional excitation delocalization property with the exciton diffusion length increased to 80 nm. The enhanced electron delocalization property is attributed to the larger atomic radius and electron orbit of the iodine atom, which facilitates the formation of intra‐moiety excitations in the acceptor phase. This effectively circumvents the charge transfer state‐related recombination mechanisms, leading to a substantial reduction in non‐radiative energy loss (ΔEnr). As a result, OPV cell based on PBDB‐TF : BO‐4I achieves an impressive efficiency of 18.9 % with a notable ΔEnr of 0.189 eV, markedly surpassing their fluorinated counterparts. This contribution highlights the pivotal role of iodination in reducing energy loss, thereby affirming its potential as a key strategy in the development of advanced next‐generation OPV cells.
Transition‐Metal‐Free Approach for Z‐Vinyl Fluorides by Hydrofluorination of Alkynes bearing SF4 and SF5 Groups
Authors: Murata Yusuke , Hada Kenshiro , Aggarwal Trapti , Escorihuela Jorge , Shibata Norio 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe synthesis of vinyl fluorides plays a crucial role in various scientific disciplines, including pharmaceutical and materials sciences. Herein, we present a direct and stereoselective hydrofluorination method for the synthesis of Z isomers of vinyl fluorides from alkynes containing unexplored SF5 and SF4 groups. Our strategy employed tetrabutylammonium fluoride (TBAF) as a fluorine source. It demonstrates high compatibility with aryls, biaryls, heteroaryls, and tert‐alkyl groups, allowing facile incorporation of SF5 and SF4 groups across the triple bond without any transition‐metal catalysts. This approach avoids the potential decomposition of the SF5 or SF4 units via coordination with transition metals or acidic protic sources. Remarkably, this transformation proceeded at room temperature without any additional additives, providing the Z isomer of vinyl fluorides in excellent yield and high selectivity. The presence of a water molecule as a hydrate in TBAF is essential for efficient conversion. This methodology opens new avenues for the synthesis of enchanting SF5‐ and SF4‐containing fluorinated vinylic scaffolds, thereby providing advanced opportunities for novel drug discovery and fluorinated polymers.