bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antiproliferative and anti‐inflammatory effects of fractionated crude lectins from boiled kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris)
Authors: Une Satsuki , Nakata Rieko , Nonaka Koji , Akiyama Junich 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this study, we investigated the biological profile of lectins isolated from raw and boiled Japanese red Kintoki beans (red kidney beans [RKB]; Phaseolus vulgaris). Lectins in beans showing agglutination activity were retained after heating. Raw and boiled RKB lectins were fractionated using carboxymethyl‐ and diethylaminoethyl‐Sepharose, respectively. Boiled RKB lectins were evaluated for carbohydrate specificity as well as cytokine‐inducing and antiproliferative activities against cancer cells and compared with raw RKB lectins. Raw RKB lectins showed specificity for thyroglobulin and fetuin, whereas boiled lectins showed specificity for N‐acetylneuraminic acid. Raw RKB lectins showed low resistance to proteases and tolerated temperatures greater than 80°C for 5 min. Notably, lectins from raw and boiled beans showed antiproliferative activity against five types of cancer cells B16, LM8, HeLa, HepG2, and Colo 679. In particular, lectins from raw beans exhibited a significantly stronger activity than those from boiled beans. Anti‐inflammatory effects were notably observed in crude extracts from raw and boiled beans. Specifically, lectins fractionated from boiled beans markedly inhibited the expression of tumor necrosis factor‐α and interleukin‐6. Overall, our results showed that RKB lectins from boiled beans exert anti‐inflammatory and anticancer effects and could be developed as potential chemopreventive agents.Practical ApplicationJapanese red kidney beans (RKB) are cultivated in numerous parts of the temperate zone and consumed in many countries. Lectins from boiled beans exhibited anticancer activity, similar to lectins from raw beans. Additionally, crude and fractionated lectins from boiled beans showed anti‐inflammatory activity. Thus, boiled RKB lectins have the potential to be used as a bioactive protein for medical research and could be developed as anticancer agents.
Indications for computed tomography angiography in limb trauma
Authors: Awal Wasim , De Groot Julia 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionComputed tomography angiograms (CTAs) are useful in detecting vascular injury. There is a lack of consensus regarding the indications of CTAs in limb trauma, leading to overutilisation of CTAs in some centres and exposing patients to unnecessary harm. Thus, the aim of this study is to define the appropriate indications for CTAs in limb trauma.MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort study of consecutive CTAs performed in a tertiary hospital from January to December 2022. Demographic and clinical factors were collected from the patients' charts including physical examination findings and arterial pressure index (API) measurements. Physical examination findings include hard signs (e.g. absent pulse) or soft signs (e.g. non‐expanding haematoma). These data were analysed to detect correlation with vascular injury on the patient's CTA.ResultsForty‐nine CTAs were included, of which 10 (20.4%) found vascular injury. Hard signs (P < 0.001) and an API <0.9 (P = 0.02) were significantly correlated with vascular injury. Hard signs had a sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 82%, whereas APIs had a specificity and sensitivity of 100%. Soft signs were not correlated with vascular injury due to poor specificity but had a sensitivity of 100%. Knee dislocations were not associated with vascular injury (P = 0.5).ConclusionThis small study suggests that CTAs are indicated if there are hard signs of vascular compromise or an API <0.9, provided the patient is haemodynamically stable. The presence of soft signs can help identify which patients should receive an API measurement. CTAs may not be routinely indicated in knee dislocations.
Proprietary information and the choice between public and private debt
Authors: Bae Kee‐Hong , Dai Yunhao , Tan Weiqiang , Wang Wenming 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe high costs of disclosing confidential information lead firms with proprietary information to prefer private debt (bank loan) to public debt (corporate bond). We provide empirical evidence supporting this proposition using the staggered adoption of the inevitable disclosure doctrine (IDD) by US state courts that exogenously increased the value of proprietary information. The focal firms are significantly less likely to issue bonds after the IDD adoption. Financing through public debt decreases more for firms in which the protection of proprietary information is relatively more important.
Have there been changes in daily smoking and cigarette consumption among adolescents? Investigation between 1999 and 2019 among Finnish adolescents
Authors: Ruokolainen Otto , Ollila Hanna , Raitasalo Kirsimarja 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackground and aimsIt is postulated that due to decreased smoking rates and increased denormalisation of smoking, those who start and maintain smoking have more socially disadvantaged characteristics and are more dependent on nicotine than those who do not (the so‐called ‘hardening’ hypothesis). The aim of this study was to measure changes in daily smoking and cigarette consumption among Finnish adolescents according to background factors.Design and settingA repeated cross‐sectional study using data from European School Survey Project on Alcohol and other Drugs (ESPAD) on six representative cross‐sections of 15‐ to 16‐year‐old students between 1999 and 2019 in Finland.ParticipantsA total of 11 377 males and 12 247 females.MeasurementsThe outcome measures included the proportion of daily smokers among current smokers, daily smoking and the estimated mean number of smoked cigarettes per day (CPD). Substance use, parental monitoring and school performance were used as independent variables. All measures were self‐reported.FindingsDaily smoking decreased over time and daily smokers constituted a smaller part of current smokers in 2019 compared with 1999 (the ratio among boys 0.68 and 0.43, respectively; among girls 0.59 and 0.43). Boys using cannabis (interaction between cannabis*survey year: P = 0.020; in 2019 odds ratio [OR]: 3.68, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.23–6.08) and girls with heavy episodic drinking (interaction between heavy episodic drinking*survey year: P = 0.006, in 2019 OR: 9.00, 95% CI 5.61–14.42) had elevated adjusted odds for daily smoking over time. The estimated mean number of CPD decreased among daily smokers from 9.0 in 1999 to 7.2 in 2019 (P = 0.0002) and the differences diminished between groups based on gender, snus/alcohol use and parental monitoring. The between‐group differences remained with regard to cannabis use (P = 0.0233 in 2019) and school performance (P = 0.0111 in 2019).ConclusionsAmong currently smoking Finnish adolescents, the proportion of daily smokers decreased between 1999 and 2019, as did the number of cigarettes smoked per day (CPD) among daily smokers, suggesting an absence of ‘hardening’ in this group. However, differences were observed related to the odds of daily smoking and the mean number of CPD, indicating the change has been less favorable among some adolescent groups than others.
‘There's something they can do’: Educating aged care staff about the trajectory of dementia, palliative care and the Namaste Care™ program: A mixed methods study
Authors: Karacsony Sara , Abela Melissa R. , Eccleston Claire 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate outcomes of education about the dementia illness trajectory and Namaste Care™ program on aged care staff's knowledge, attitudes, self‐perceived skills and competence.MethodsA convergent mixed methods research design was adopted to compare the results of quantitative and qualitative data following an education intervention. Nurses and aged care staff (n = 35) undertook 2 × 2 h training sessions over 3 days. Data were collected pre‐ and post‐intervention using three validated surveys. Qualitative data were collected through interviews and a focus group. Thematic analysis was used to generate themes. Quantitative and qualitative data were integrated and compared during interpretation and discussion of the findings.ResultsSignificant improvements in knowledge, attitudes and skills survey scores from already published data were confirmed by the qualitative findings in this study. Three key themes were derived from the data, comprising dementia‐related education and knowledge changes, recognising the benefits of the Namaste Care™ program, and the importance of changing practice.ConclusionsDementia education using the Namaste Care™ program enabled staff to identify gaps in knowledge and skills within their own practice. Staff perceived that the Namaste Care™ program can be a driver for practice change including palliative care to improve quality of life for people living in the advanced stages of dementia.
Naringenin alleviates the excessive lipid deposition of polycystic ovary syndrome rats and insulin‐resistant adipocytes by promoting PKGIα
Authors: Xiang Yungai , Wang Meng , Yu Guo , Wan Lijing , Song Yuxia , Li Yan , Geng Xujing , Tan Li 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundNaringenin (NGEN) has anti‐inflammatory and anti‐diabetic effects. On this basis, this study aims to determine whether NGEN affects insulin resistance (IR) in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).MethodsCCK‐8 assay and oil red O staining were used to detect the cytotoxicity of NGEN and lipid production in cells or tissues, respectively. The differentiated mature SW872 cells were treated with palmitic acid (PA) to mimic IR cell model. Through detecting glucose consumption, the changes of inflammation and glycolipid metabolism can be observed with the assessment on expression levels of the inflammatory factors as well as lipid synthesis‐ (ACC, SREBP1c, PPARγ), glucose metabolism‐ and thermogenesis (ATGL, GLUT4, UCP1)‐related genes. Insulin sensitivity was determined by changes in glucose consumption and PKGIα pathway. PKGIα was silenced to verify the protective mechanism of NGEN. PCOS rat model was constructed to confirm the results of cell experiments in vivo.ResultsNGEN generated no effect on SW872 cell viability. SW872 cells were differentiated and mature, as evidenced by lipid droplet formation, lipid synthesis gene activation, sugar metabolism and inhibition of thermogenesis‐related genes. PA induction promoted lipid synthesis in mature adipocytes, and inhibited glucose metabolism and cell insulin sensitivity. NGEN pretreatment effectively alleviated the above‐mentioned abnormalities. The protective mechanism of NGEN was achieved through promoting PKGIα activation. NGEN also mitigated the abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism in PCOS rats.ConclusionNGEN inhibits the expression of PKGIα to alleviate IR that occurs in PCOS.
‘There is no other option’: Exploring health care providers' experiences implementing regional multisite midwifery model of care in South Australia
Authors: McKellar Lois , Fleet Julie‐Anne , Adelson Pamela 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionIn the past 30 years, 60% of South Australia’s rural maternity units have closed. Evidence demonstrates midwifery models of care offer regional Australia sustainable birthing services. Five birthing sites within the York and Northern Region of South Australia, designed in collaboration with key stakeholders, offered a new all‐risk midwifery continuity of care model (MMoC). All pregnant women in the region were allocated to a known midwife once pregnancy was confirmed. In July 2019, the pilot program was implemented and an evaluation undertaken.ObjectiveThe study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness, acceptability, and sustainability of the new midwifery model of care from the perspective of health care providers.DesignThe evaluation utilised a mixed methods design using focus groups and surveys to explore experiences of health care providers impacted by the implementation of the MMoC. This paper reports on midwives, doctors and nurses experiences at different time points, to gain insight into the model of care from the care providers impacted by the change to services.FindingsThe first round of focus groups included 14 midwives, 6 hospital nurses/midwives and 5 doctors with the overarching theme that the ‘MMoC was working well.’ The second round of focus groups were undertaken across the five sites with 10 midwives, 9 hospital nurses/midwives and 5 doctors. The overarching theme captured all participants commitment to the MMoC, with agreement that ‘there is no other option ‐ it has to work’.DiscussionAll participants reported positive outcomes and a strong commitment to navigate the changes required to implement the new model of care. Collaboration and communication was expressed as key elements for success. Specific challenges and complexities were evident including a need to clarify expectations and the workload for midwives, and for nurses who were accustomed to having midwives 24 hours a day in hospitals.ConclusionThis innovative model responds to challenges in providing rural maternity care and offers a sustainable model for maternity services and workforce. There is an overwhelming commitment and consensus that there is ‘no other option–it has to work’.
Reconsidering the role of prophylactic pancreaticojejunostomy in pancreatic enucleation: balancing the benefits and risks
Authors: Shi Yihua , Li Zheng , Li Borui , Chen Haidi , Chen Chen , Ji Shunrong , Yu Xianjun , Xu Xiaowu 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe incidence of postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) following enucleation is high, and prophylactic pancreaticojejunostomy (PPJ) is frequently performed. Minimally invasive enucleation (MEN) has been demonstrated to be safe and feasible, leaving most enucleation wounds exposed.MethodsThe clinical data of 40 patients who underwent open enucleation with PPJ at our center between 2012 and 2021 were compared with those of 80 patients who underwent MEN.ResultsThe MEN group had better outcomes than the PPJ group in terms of intraoperative bleeding (50.0 versus 100.0 mL), postoperative semi‐liquid diet recovery (2.0 versus 5.0 days), and postoperative length of stay (7.7 versus 12.5 days). While the MEN group had higher rates of complex enucleation (60.0% versus 40.0%), main pancreatic duct repair (32.5% versus 10.0%), discharge with drains (48.8% versus 25.0%), and grade B POPFs (47.5% versus 17.5%). Both surgical methods effectively preserved pancreatic function; however, two patients in the PPJ group experienced severe haemorrhaging and died. Additionally, during the follow‐up period, gastrointestinal bleeding was found and discomfort in the surgical area was reported.ConclusionPancreatic enucleation combined with PPJ should be avoided, and although a biochemical or grade B POPF may develop after MEN, it can be compensated for by preserving pancreatic function and ensuring a good long‐term quality of life in the patients.
How to do a single‐stage perforator based nasolabial flap for reconstruction of early‐stage tongue cancer
Authors: Arahill‐Whitham Jacob Brian , Thomson Benjamin James , Malayil Vineetha , Surendra Vishak 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTongue cancers are one of the most common subsites of malignancy in the head and neck, of which the majority are squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Reconstruction following ablative surgery is challenging because of the role of the tongue in articulation, deglutition and protection of the airway. Microvascular free flaps are the current gold standard of reconstruction but are not feasible in all patients. Local and regional flaps provide a less challenging, faster alternative and may be more appropriate in comorbid patients with high anaesthetic risk as well as those with previously irradiated neck and poor vasculature. Nasolabial flaps are not commonly used for tongue reconstruction, requiring a two‐staged procedure to allow division of the pedicle. We submit a modification of nasolabial flap as an inferiorly based, islanded perforator flap. This allows for single‐stage reconstruction of tongue and floor of the mouth defects following resection of early‐stage tongue cancers.
Novel single‐centre experience – evaluation of outcomes post‐implementation of a coordinated combined breast reconstruction service
Authors: Armanios Alexander S. , Nyandoro Munyaradzi G. , Jayachitra Nisha , Hamza Saud 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundAutologous breast reconstruction services are logistically complex and challenging to implement but have better outcomes than implants. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of implementing a coordinated, low‐cost combined breast reconstruction service (0.8 FTE nurse liaison, 0.25 FTE plastic surgeon, two dedicated breast surgeons 0.05 FTE each and protected weekly all‐day oncoplastic theatre) on unit productivity and efficiency in reducing wait times for immediate autologous breast reconstruction.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted on all patients who underwent immediate autologous breast reconstruction at Fiona Stanley Hospital between two study periods, pre‐intervention – February 2016 to June 2019 and post‐intervention – November 2022. Data were analysed using SPSS v.27.ResultsOne hundred twenty‐seven participants were included, with 49% (n = 62) in the post‐intervention group. Most procedures performed were therapeutic (n = 108, 85%). DIEP was the most common flap (84%), and the mean BMI was 26.9 (SD ± 4.2).There was a statistically significant increase in the number of high‐risk gene carriers' prophylactic cases and bilateral cases performed post‐intervention (5% to 26%, P = 0.001) and (29% to 55%, P = 0.003), respectively.Time to surgery on the waitlist did not significantly change after the intervention (therapeutic group: 3.1 to 3.5 weeks, P = 0.821; prophylactic group: 55.0 to 61.1 weeks, P = 1.000). Overall, there was a marked increase in the overall productivity of the breast service unit in terms of mastectomies, total reconstructions, and autologous reconstructions performed.ConclusionsThis single‐centre experience showed that implementing a coordinated service significantly increased the unit's productivity. This low‐cost intervention can be applied to other healthcare settings.
Effect of COVID‐19 home confinement on the efficacy of orthokeratology, 0.01% atropine and combined treatment
Authors: Xu Shengsong , Jiang Jinyun , Yu Mengting , Gao Jiajia , Wang Mengyi , Kuang Longhao , Hu Yin , Kee Chea‐su , Yang Xiao , He Mingguang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the effect of COVID‐19 home confinement on the efficacy of the interventions for controlling myopia, and to select effective therapies to control myopia during COVID‐19 confinement.MethodChildren (n = 164) aged 8–12 years with spherical equivalent refraction of −1.00 to −6.00 diopters were stratified into two age subgroups and randomly allocated into the control, 0.01% atropine, orthokeratology (ortho‐k) and atropine combined ortho‐k (ACO) groups. Axial length (AL) was measured at baseline, 6‐, 12‐, 18‐ and 24‐month visits. The follow‐up spanned the period before the COVID‐19 outbreak, the period of the home confinement, and the period of the school reopening. Hence, the AL change in different periods was collected and compared. Data analysis was performed following the criteria of intention to treat (ITT).ResultsAll 164 children were involved in the ITT analysis. Compared to control, all interventions can still reduce the AL elongation during the COVID‐19 home confinement period (all p < 0.05). However, the efficacy was compromised: individuals experienced more AL elongation during the COVID‐19 home confinement period in the control, 0.01% atropine and ACO groups (all p < 0.05). Interestingly, in the ortho‐k group, the difference was insignificant (p = 0.178), and the interaction between the intervention type (control vs. ortho‐k) and the confinement severity was significant (p for interaction = 0.041), which is different from the atropine (p for interaction = 0.248) or ACO group (p for interaction = 0.988). These results were stable after being adjusted by other variables based on the multivariable regression model.ConclusionOrtho‐k was less affected by the COVID‐19 home confinement, which is potentially a better therapy for children in this high‐risk environment. Further investigations are warranted to validate this issue.
Genome‐wide search reveals the uniqueness of DNA regions associated with coat color and innate immunity in Hokkaido Native Horse
Authors: Amano Tomoko , Yokawa Haruhi , Masuda Yutaka , Tozaki Teruaki , Kawai Masahito , Shirai Kouichi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHokkaido Native Horse (HKD) is a horse breed native to Hokkaido in Japan known for the traits such as coat color with no white spots and adaptability to the local cold climate. To examine whether those traits of HKD are conferred at the DNA level, we attempted to identify fixed DNA regions in HKD individuals, that is, the selection signatures of HKD. A comparison of genome‐wide single nucleotide polymorphism genotypes in 58 HKD individuals by principal component analysis, and cluster analysis between breeds, including HKD, and within the HKD individuals indicated the genetic independence of HKD as a breed. Tajima's D analysis and runs of homozygosity analysis identified 23 selection signatures unique to HKD (P < 0.05), and following database search found 20 traits that were associated with those selection signatures; among these traits, coat color traits, face and body markings, showed the highest important value (0.50 and 0.46). Enrichment analysis of genes in the selection signatures identified six gene ontology terms (P < 0.05), and a term related to innate immunity (regulation of defense response; GO:0031347) showed the highest positive fold enrichment value (7.13). These results provide the first scientific evidence of a genetic basis for the traits of HKD.