bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibiting acid‐sensing ion channel exerts neuroprotective effects in experimental epilepsy via suppressing ferroptosis
Authors: Shi Xiaorui , Liu Ru , Wang Yingting , Yu Tingting , Zhang Kai , Zhang Chao , Gu Yuyu , Zhang Limin , Wu Jianping , Wang Qun , Zhu Fei 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundEpilepsy is a chronic neurological disease characterized by repeated and unprovoked epileptic seizures. Developing disease‐modifying therapies (DMTs) has become important in epilepsy studies. Notably, focusing on iron metabolism and ferroptosis might be a strategy of DMTs for epilepsy. Blocking the acid‐sensing ion channel 1a (ASIC1a) has been reported to protect the brain from ischemic injury by reducing the toxicity of [Ca2+]i. However, whether inhibiting ASIC1a could exert neuroprotective effects and become a novel target for DMTs, such as rescuing the ferroptosis following epilepsy, remains unknown.MethodsIn our study, we explored the changes in ferroptosis‐related indices, including glutathione peroxidase (GPx) enzyme activity and levels of glutathione (GSH), iron accumulation, lipid degradation products‐malonaldehyde (MDA) and 4‐hydroxynonenal (4‐HNE) by collecting peripheral blood samples from adult patients with epilepsy. Meanwhile, we observed alterations in ASIC1a protein expression and mitochondrial microstructure in the epileptogenic foci of patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy. Next, we accessed the expression and function changes of ASIC1a and measured the ferroptosis‐related indices in the in vitro 0‐Mg2+ model of epilepsy with primary cultured neurons. Subsequently, we examined whether blocking ASIC1a could play a neuroprotective role by inhibiting ferroptosis in epileptic neurons.ResultsOur study first reported significant changes in ferroptosis‐related indices, including reduced GPx enzyme activity, decreased levels of GSH, iron accumulation, elevated MDA and 4‐HNE, and representative mitochondrial crinkling in adult patients with epilepsy, especially in epileptogenic foci. Furthermore, we found that inhibiting ASIC1a could produce an inhibitory effect similar to ferroptosis inhibitor Fer‐1, alleviate oxidative stress response, and decrease [Ca2+]i overload by inhibiting the overexpressed ASIC1a in the in vitro epilepsy model induced by 0‐Mg2+.ConclusionInhibiting ASIC1a has potent neuroprotective effects via alleviating [Ca2+]i overload and regulating ferroptosis on the models of epilepsy and may act as a promising intervention in DMTs.
GDF15 is a dynamic biomarker of the integrated stress response in the central nervous system
Authors: Asundi Jyoti , Zhang Chunlian , Donnelly‐Roberts Diana , Solorio Josè Zavala , Challagundla Malleswari , Connelly Caitlin , Boch Christina , Chen Jun , Richter Mario , Maneshi Mohammad Mehdi , Swensen Andrew M. , Lebon Lauren , Schiffmann Raphael , Sanyal Subhabrata , Sidrauski Carmela , Kolumam Ganesh , Baruch Amos 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimCharacterize Growth Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF15) as a secreted biomarker of the integrated stress response (ISR) within the central nervous system (CNS).MethodsWe determined GDF15 levels utilizing in vitro and in vivo neuronal systems wherein the ISR was activated. Primarily, we used the murine model of vanishing white matter disease (VWMD), a neurological disease driven by persistent ISR in the CNS, to establish a link between levels of GDF15 in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and ISR gene expression signature in the CNS. GDF15 was also determined in the CSF of VWM patients.ResultsGDF15 expression was increased concomitant to ISR activation in stress‐induced primary astrocytes as well as in retinal ganglion cells following optic nerve crush, while treatment with 2Bact, a specific eIF2B activator, suppressed both the ISR and GDF15. In the VWMD model, CSF GDF15 levels corresponded with the magnitude of the ISR and were reduced by 2BAct. In VWM patients, mean CSF GDF15 was elevated >20‐fold as compared to healthy controls, whereas plasma GDF15 was undifferentiated.ConclusionsThese data suggest that CSF GDF15 is a dynamic marker of ISR activation in the CNS and may serve as a pharmacodynamic biomarker for ISR‐modulating therapies.
Brain–computer interface digital prescription for neurological disorders
Authors: Chai Xiaoke , Cao Tianqing , He Qiheng , Wang Nan , Zhang Xuemin , Shan Xinying , Lv Zeping , Tu Wenjun , Yang Yi , Zhao Jizong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractNeurological and psychiatric diseases can lead to motor, language, emotional disorder, and cognitive, hearing or visual impairment By decoding the intention of the brain in real time, the Brain–computer interface (BCI) can first assist in the diagnosis of diseases, and can also compensate for its damaged function by directly interacting with the environment; In addition, provide output signals in various forms, such as actual motion, tactile or visual feedback, to assist in rehabilitation training; Further intervention in brain disorders is achieved by close‐looped neural modulation. In this article, we envision the future BCI digital prescription system for patients with different functional disorders and discuss the key contents in the prescription the brain signals, coding and decoding protocols and interaction paradigms, and assistive technology. Then, we discuss the details that need to be specially included in the digital prescription for different intervention technologies. The third part summarizes previous examples of intervention, focusing on how to select appropriate interaction paradigms for patients with different functional impairments. For the last part, we discussed the indicators and influencing factors in evaluating the therapeutic effect of BCI as intervention.
Pharmazeutische Behandlung der akuten Radiodermatitis in der deutschsprachigen strahlentherapeutischen Gemeinschaft
Authors: Layer Julian P. , Layer Katharina , Glasmacher Andrea R. , Sarria Gustavo R. , Böhner Alexander M. C. , Layer Yonah L. , Dejonckheere Cas S. , Wiegreffe Shari , Nour Youness , Caglayan Lara , Grau Franziska , Feyer Petra , Baumert Brigitta G. , Baumann René , Krug David , Scafa Davide , Leitzen Christina , Landsberg Jennifer , Giordano Frank A. , Schmeel Leonard Christopher ,   für die German‐speaking Radiation Dermatitis Survey Group
Published: February 2024

ZusammenfassungHintergrundDie Radiodermatitis (RD) ist die häufigste Nebenwirkung der Strahlentherapie (RT), wobei verschiedene pharmazeutische Optionen zur Vorbeugung/Behandlung zur Verfügung stehen. Unser Ziel war, die pharmazeutischen Behandlungsmuster für die RD unter strahlentherapeutischen Fachleuten zu ermitteln.MethodikWir haben eine Umfrage zum Thema RD in der deutschsprachigen radioonkologischen Gemeinschaft durchgeführt und ihre Meinung zu präventiven und therapeutischen pharmazeutischen Therapieansätzen betreffend die akute RD erfragt.Ergebnisse244 Angehörige zugehöriger Gesundheitsberufe nahmen teil. Dexpanthenol‐Lotion ist das am häufigsten verwendete Mittel sowohl zur Vorbeugung (53%) als auch zur Behandlung (76,9%) der RD, gefolgt von Harnstoff (29,8%) zur Vorbeugung und Kortikosteroiden (46,9%) zur Behandlung. Die Teilnehmer verwenden eine breite Palette an Substanzen, haben aber insgesamt wenig Erfahrung mit diesen. 32,5% der Teilnehmer empfehlen generell keine präventive Behandlung. 53,4% der Teilnehmer empfehlen Alternativmedizin. Obwohl selten eingesetzt, wurden Kortikosteroide als wirksamstes Behandlungsmittel angesehen, gefolgt von Dexpanthenol und Low‐Level‐Lasertherapie. Die Mehrheit der Teilnehmer bevorzugt die feuchte gegenüber der trockenen Behandlung der feuchten Desquamation und 43,8% verschreiben Antiseptika.SchlussfolgerungenDie pharmazeutische Behandlung der RD in der deutschsprachigen strahlentherapeutischen Fachwelt ist nach wie vor umstritten, sowie mitunter inkonsistent und nicht durch evidenzbasierte Medizin gestützt. Ein interdisziplinärer Konsens ist erforderlich, um die bestehenden Behandlungskonzepte zu verbessern.
County‐level socio‐environmental factors and obesity prevalence in the United States
Authors: Salerno Pedro R. V. O. , Qian Alice , Dong Weichuan , Deo Salil , Nasir Khurram , Rajagopalan Sanjay , Al‐Kindi Sadeer 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimsTo investigate high‐risk sociodemographic and environmental determinants of health (SEDH) potentially associated with adult obesity in counties in the United States using machine‐learning techniques.Materials and MethodsWe performed a cross‐sectional analysis of county‐level adult obesity prevalence (body mass index ≥30 kg/m2) in the United States using data from the Diabetes Surveillance System 2017. We harvested 49 county‐level SEDH factors that were used in a classification and regression trees (CART) model to identify county‐level clusters. The CART model was validated using a ‘hold‐out’ set of counties and variable importance was evaluated using Random Forest.ResultsOverall, we analysed 2752 counties in the United States, identifying a national median (interquartile range) obesity prevalence of 34.1% (30.2%, 37.7%). The CART method identified 11 clusters with a 60.8% relative increase in prevalence across the spectrum. Additionally, seven key SEDH variables were identified by CART to guide the categorization of clusters, including Physically Inactive (%), Diabetes (%), Severe Housing Problems (%), Food Insecurity (%), Uninsured (%), Population over 65 years (%) and Non‐Hispanic Black (%).ConclusionThere is significant county‐level geographical variation in obesity prevalence in the United States, which can in part be explained by complex SEDH factors. The use of machine‐learning techniques to analyse these factors can provide valuable insights into the importance of these upstream determinants of obesity and, therefore, aid in the development of geo‐specific strategic interventions and optimize resource allocation to help battle the obesity pandemic.
Mutual insurance for catastrophe hazards: Case of deposit insurance
Authors: Park Sangkyun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDeposit insurance involves catastrophe risk because bank failures spike during a banking crisis. Although mutual insurance is ill‐suited for catastrophe risk, the US government structures deposit insurance like a mutual company owned by policyholders. Furthermore, an intertemporal mispricing resulting from a dividend‐surcharge arrangement produces several problems. Most importantly, it worsens moral hazard. Through dividends and surcharges, deposit insurance transfers the premium burden from high‐risk banks to low‐risk banks and in effect erodes the charter value of low‐risk banks. In addition, high‐risk banks taking catastrophe risk can outperform low‐risk banks for many years in a row, putting pressures on managers of low‐risk banks. Owing to these factors, an underpricing of catastrophe risk before its realization can ratchet up risk‐taking by banks. Other problems with the intertemporal mispricing include making the banking business more procyclical, distorting the prices of banking products, and exposing taxpayers to asymmetric downside risk. To ensure fair competition and improve economic efficiency, the government should set the insurance premium based not on the realized loss but on the expected loss.
Exercise behaviours and motivation after a first psychotic episode: A digital intervention
Authors: Ruiz‐Yu Bernalyn , Le Thanh P. , Ventura Joseph , Arevian Armen , Hellemann Gerhard S. , Nuechterlein Keith H. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimResearch has demonstrated that participation in aerobic exercise can have significant beneficial effects across both physical and mental health domains for individuals who are in the early phase of schizophrenia. Despite these notable benefits of exercise, deficits in motivation and a lack of methods to increase engagement are significant barriers for exercise participation, limiting these potentially positive effects. Fortunately, digital health tools have the potential to improve adherence to an exercise program. The present study examined the role of motivation for exercise and the effects of an automated digital text messaging program on participation in an aerobic exercise program.MethodsA total of 46 first‐episode psychosis participants from an ongoing 12‐month randomized clinical trial (Enhancing Cognitive Training through Exercise Following a First Schizophrenia Episode (CT&E‐RCT)) were included in an analysis to examine the efficacy of motivational text messaging. Personalized motivational text message reminders were sent to participants with the aim of increasing engagement in the exercise program.ResultsWe found that participants with higher levels of intrinsic motivation to participate in a text messaging program and in an exercise intervention completed a higher proportion of individual, at‐home exercise sessions. In a between groups analysis, participants who received motivational text messages, compared to those who did not, completed a higher proportion of at‐home exercise sessions.ConclusionThese results indicate the importance of considering a person's level of motivation for exercise and the potential utility of using individualized and interactive mobile text messaging reminders to increase engagement in aerobic exercise in the early phase of psychosis. We emphasize the need for understanding how individualized patient preferences and needs interplay between intrinsic motivation and digital health interventions for young adults.
Acting from knowledge
Authors: Rödl Sebastian 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis essay explores the idea of acting from knowledge. This idea is a thought of ourselves: the distinctive way in which we act, in which we live, resides in this, that our actions, our life, may rest on knowledge. Yet the idea of action resting on knowledge is puzzling, even mysterious. The difficulty springs from the character of judgment that is knowledge: its objectivity. The objectivity of a judgment is a character of its validity: it is objectively valid. Yet it is equally, and therefore, a character of the source of the reality of a valid judgment: a judgment that is knowledge is explained by nothing other than that which constitutes its validity. Now, action from knowledge partakes of this character of the knowledge on which it rests: it is explained by nothing other than what constitutes its validity, that is, its goodness. This dissolves the idea that action springs from a natural power, a power of change, a physis. That is the mystery. What could action be but the act of a natural power, and what could we be but agents of such a power?
Soil reuse effects on determination of saturated hydraulic conductivity of different loamy soils
Authors: Bagarello Vincenzo , Caltabellotta Gaetano , Iovino Massimo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractLaboratory measurement of saturated hydraulic conductivity, Ks, of sieved and packed soil is important for many scientific purposes. A given soil mass can be used once or several times. Little is known of the dependence of the Ks data on the reuse of the same soil mass. For three loamy soils, this investigation tested reuse effects of exactly the same soil mass on determination of Ks with the simplified falling head technique. For a given soil, the Ks values of 15 repacked soil samples were determined by using the same soil for a total of eight times. The means of Ks, initially equal to 45–159 mm/h, depending on the soil, decreased by nearly two or three times with the reuse of the same material, and they settled on values of 23–59 mm/h by the end of the experiment. Low, stable and little variable (coefficients of variation ≤15%) Ks values were obtained after the soil was used three to five times although there was some sign that stabilization of Ks could also require more reuses. The soil became finer with more reuses and the textural characteristics of the undispersed soil explained a large amount of the mean Ks results (coefficient of determination between means of Ks and the mean weight diameter = 0.65–0.76, depending on the soil). Taking into account that the best procedure for determination of Ks of sieved and packed soil samples yields the lowest variability of the individual Ks data, the conclusion was that a soil pre‐treatment including several wetting and drying cycles should be realized to obtain a soil mass usable repeatedly. The history of the used soil mass should be reported in the investigations dealing with sieved and repacked soil samples.
Unravelling substrate availability and redox interactions on methane production in peat soils of China
Authors: Tang Xiaoqiao , Yu Jieyu , Wang Hongyan , Kumar Amit , Wang Mengjiao , Kattel Giri R. , Han Lei , Lin Junjie , Yu Zhi‐Guo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe availability of electron acceptors (EAs) in peatlands determines the potential of methane (CH4) formation under waterlogged conditions. Previous studies suggested that EAs can suppress CH4 production based on Gibbs free energy under the Redox Ladder Theory. However, growing evidence challenges this theory, raising the question of how the coupling of soil substrates with EAs influences CH4 emissions. To answer this key question, peat soils were collected across different climatic zones with different degrees of soil degradation. Anoxic incubation experiments were set up, and continuous addition of SO42−, Fe3+ and humic acid (HA) at different concentrations was followed by characterization of dissolved organic matter using fluorescence spectroscopy. Results suggest that low concentrations of SO42− (1000 μmol L−1), Fe3+ (100 μmol L−1) and HA (30 mgC L−1) promoted CH4 production in most of the peat soils. With the addition of SO42− and HA, increased CH4 emissions were attributed to the facilitation of dissolved organic carbon and increased quinone‐like component C1, which increased the substrate availability for methanogenesis. Furthermore, strengthened microbial activity as indicated by fluorescence component C2 led to higher CH4 production under Fe3+ treatments. On the other hand, at high concentrations of SO42− (5000 μmol L−1), Fe3+ (500 μmol L−1) and HA (50 mgC L−1), CH4 emissions rapidly decreased by 70.65 ± 1.57% to 96.25 ± 0.45% compared to control group without EAs addition, accompanied by increased δ13C‐CH4 signatures indicating the outweighed CH4 production under anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) when coupling with reduced EAs. The effect of EAs on CH4 emissions in peat soils could also be related to lability and characteristics of natural organic matter. Our results suggest that the CH4 production in waterlogged peatlands could be facilitated by regulating organic substrates at low EAs concentrations, but excessive EAs will reduce net CH4 emissions through AOM. The valuable discovery of CH4 production and oxidation processes provides insights for mitigating methane emissions from peatlands and regulating global climate change.
A study on the role of serum uric acid in differentiating acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy from acute‐onset chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy
Authors: Zhang Weiyun , Tao Wen , Wang Jun , Nie Ping , Duan Lihui , Yan Lanyun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackground and purposeClinical symptoms and laboratory indices for acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP), a variant of Guillain−Barré syndrome, and acute‐onset chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (A‐CIDP) were analyzed to identify factors that could contribute to early differential diagnosis.MethodsA retrospective chart review was performed on 44 AIDP and 44 A‐CIDP patients looking for any demographic characteristics, clinical manifestations or laboratory parameters that might differentiate AIDP from acutely presenting CIDP.ResultsIn Guillain−Barré syndrome patients (N = 63), 69.84% (N = 44) were classified as having AIDP, 19.05% (N = 12) were found to have acute motor axonal neuropathy, 6.35% (N = 4) were found to have acute motor and sensory axonal neuropathy, and 4.76% (N = 3) were found to have Miller Fisher syndrome. Serum uric acid (UA) was higher in A‐CIDP patients (329.55 ± 72.23 μmol/L) than in AIDP patients (221.08 ± 71.32 μmol/L) (p = 0.000). Receiver operating characteristic analyses indicated that the optimal UA cutoff was 283.50 μmol/L. Above this level, patients were more likely to present A‐CIDP than AIDP (specificity 81.80%, sensitivity 81.80%). During the follow‐up process, serum samples were effectively collected from 19 AIDP patients during the rehabilitation phase and 28 A‐CIDP patients during the remission stage, and it was found that UA levels were significantly increased in A‐CIDP (remission) (298.9 ± 90.39 μmol/L) compared with AIDP (rehabilitation) (220.1 ± 108.2 μmol/L, p = 0.009).ConclusionThese results suggest that serum UA level can help to differentiate AIDP from A‐CIDP with high specificity and sensitivity, which is helpful for early diagnosis and guidance of treatment.
Neuropsychiatric disorders, chronotype and sleep: A narrative review of GWAS findings and the application of Mendelian randomization to investigate causal relationships
Authors: Crinion Shane , Morris Derek W. , Lopez Lorna M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractGenome‐wide association studies (GWAS) have been important for characterizing the genetic component and enhancing our understanding of the biological aetiology of both neuropsychiatric disorders and sleep‐related phenotypes such as chronotype, which is our preference for morning or evening time. Mendelian randomization (MR) is a post‐GWAS analysis that is used to infer causal relationships between potential risk factors and outcomes. MR uses genetic variants as instrumental variants for exposures to study the effect on outcomes. This review details the main results from GWAS of neuropsychiatric disorders and sleep‐related phenotypes, and the application of MR to investigate their bidirectional relationship. The main results from MR studies of neuropsychiatric disorders and sleep‐related phenotypes are summarized. These MR studies have identified 37 causal relationships between neuropsychiatric disorders and sleep‐related phenotypes. MR studies identified evidence of a causal role for five neuropsychiatric disorders and symptoms (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, bipolar disorder, depressive symptoms, major depressive disorder and schizophrenia) on sleep‐related phenotypes and evidence of a causal role for five sleep‐related phenotypes (daytime napping, insomnia, morning person, long sleep duration and sleep duration) on risk for neuropsychiatric disorders. These MR results show a bidirectional relationship between neuropsychiatric disorders and sleep‐related phenotypes and identify potential risk factors for follow‐up studies.