bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Amino‐ und halogenfunktionelle Siloxititane
Authors: Kliem Susanne , Klingebiel Uwe , Noltemeyer Mathias 
Published: December 2004

AbstractAmino‐di‐tert‐butylsilanol reagiert mit Tetrabutoxititan im molaren Verhältnis 2:1 zum Di‐n‐butoxi(bis(di‐tert‐butyl‐n‐butoxi)siloxi)titan, (H9C4OSi(CMe3)2‐O)2Ti(OC4H9)2 (1) und Lithium‐di‐tert‐butylchlorsilanolat im molaren Verhältnis 3:1 zum n‐Butoxi(tris(di‐tert‐butyl‐n‐butoxi)siloxi)titan, (H9C4OSi(CMe3)2‐O)3TiOC4H9 (2). Das Amino‐di‐tert‐butylsilanol substituiert mit Triethylamin als HCl‐Akzeptor die vier Chloratome des TiCl4 unter Bildung von Tetrakis(amino‐di‐tert‐butyl)siloxititan (3). Das Lithiumsalz des Di‐tert‐butylfluorsilanols reagiert mit TiCl4 im molaren Verhältnis 2:1 zum 1, 1, 3, 3‐Tetra‐tert‐butyl‐1‐fluor‐3‐trichlortitoxi‐1, 3‐disiloxan FSi(CMe3)2‐O‐Si(CMe3)2‐O‐TiCl3 (4). In der Reaktion des Di‐tert‐butylchlorsilanols mit TiCl4 entsteht bei Anwesenheit von Diethylether als HCl‐Akzeptor das Anion [Chlorsiloxi‐octa(tri‐μ2‐chlor)chlor‐dititanat]— (5) mit protoniertem Diethylether als Gegenion. Tetrachlorzirkon reagiert mit Di‐tert‐butylchlorsilanol zum Dichlor‐bis(di‐tert‐butylchlor)siloxizirkon (6). Die Kristallstrukturanalysen von 3 und 5 werden vorgestellt.
Ein‐ und zweikernige Übergangsmetallkomplexe mit Methylcycloarsoxan
Authors: Müller Iris M. , Oczko Sylvia 
Published: December 2004

AbstractEs werden zunächst zwei homonucleare, zweikernige Komplexe mit hexamerem Methylcycloarsoxan als Liganden vorgestellt. Die Umsetzung von (MeAsO)n mit RhCl3 führt zu dem Komplex [(RhCl3)2{cyclo‐(MeAsO)6}] (1), die Umsetzung mit RhBr3 zu dem Komplex [(RhBr3)2{cyclo‐(MeAsO)6}] (2). Durch Änderungen der Reaktionstemperatur kann auch der entsprechende einkernige Komplex [RhBr3{cyclo‐(MeAsO)6}] (3) in hohen Ausbeuten gezielt dargestellt werden. Erstmalig ist es mit der Verbindung [(RuCl3)(PdCl2){cyclo‐(Me6As6O7)}] (4a) bzw. [(RhCl3)(PdCl2){cyclo‐(MeAsO)6}] (4b) gelungen, einen entsprechenden heteronuclearen, zweikernigen Komplex zu synthetisieren und charakterisieren, welcher zwei unterschiedliche Übergangsmetallatome mit unterschiedlichen Koordinationen enthält.
Substituted Cyclooctatetraene Complexes of Yttrium and Erbium with Bis(phosphinimino)methanides — Synthesis and Structure
Authors: Panda Tarun K. , Benndorf Paul , Roesky Peter W. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractA one pot reaction of Li2{1, 4‐(Me3Si)2C8H6}, LnCl3, and K{CH(PPh2NSiMe3)2} leads to the 1, 4‐bis(trimethylsilyl)cyclooctatetraene bis(phosphinimino)methanide complexes of yttrium and erbium, [{CH(PPh2NSiMe3)2}Ln(η8‐{1, 4‐(Me3Si)2C8H6})] (Ln = Y, Er). Both complexes have been characterized by single crystal X‐ray diffraction. The solid state structures show that the two bulky ligands cause a steric crowding around the lanthanide atom. As a result of this steric crowding both ligands are asymmetrically attached to the lanthanide atom.
Struktur‐ und magnetochemische Untersuchungen an KCuGaF6
Authors: Dahlke P. , Pebler J. , Babel D. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractDie Kristallstruktur von KCuGaF6 wurde auf der Basis röntgenographischer Einkristalldaten bestimmt (wR2 = 0, 084 für 2476 unabhängige Reflexe). Die Verbindung kristallisiert mit a = 728, 56(4), b = 989, 51(6), c = 676, 27(3) pm, β = 93, 120(5)°, Z = 4 in der Raumgruppe P21/c des pyrochlor‐verwandten KCuCrF6‐Typs. Die oktaedrischen [GaF6]‐ und [CuF6]‐Koordinationen sind schwach bzw. stark verzerrt (Mittelwerte Ga‐F: 188, 2 pm bzw. Cu‐F: 188, 2/200, 1/227, 6 pm). Die längsten Abstände Ga‐F und die kürzesten Cu‐F zeigen sich in längs [100] bzw. [001] verlaufenden Oktaederketten der beiden Atomsorten, die auch untereinander verbrückt sind (M‐F‐M zwischen 114 und 145°). Die am Pulver und einem Einkristall gemessenen magnetischen Molsuszeptibilitäten lassen sich mit dem isotropen Heisenberg‐Modell für S = 1/2 beschreiben, wenn man Kettenabbruchseffekte in Form eines paramagnetischen Anteils berücksichtigt. Hinweise auf eine dreidimensionale magnetische Ordnung konnten bis zu T = 2 K herab und auch bei schwachem Magnetfeld H < 100 G nicht beobachtet werden. Dadurch unterscheidet sich KCuGaF6 (J/k = —71 K für das Pulver) von den gleichfalls magnetisch untersuchten Kettenverbindungen KCuAlF6 und Na2CuScF7 (J/k = —76 bzw. —59 K), für die sich ähnliche antiferromagnetische Austauschkonstanten J/k ergeben.
Morphologic Analysis of Gastroesophageal Reflux Diseases in Patients after Distal Gastrectomy
Authors: Takahashi Tsunehiro , Yoshida Masashi , Kubota Tetsuro , Otani Yoshihide , Saikawa Yoshiro , Ishikawa Hideki , Suganuma Kazuhiro , Akatsu Yukako , Kumai Koichiro , Kitajima Masaki 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe precise mechanisms that cause gastroesophageal reflux after distal gastrectomy remain unclear. We analyzed the endoscopic findings of the cardia and the position of the remnant stomach, which are related to gastroesophageal reflux. We retrospectively examined the records of 45 patients with Billroth I (B‐I) and 39 patients with Roux‐en‐Y (R‐Y) procedure for gastric cancer. Esophagitis was evaluated by the Los Angeles (LA) classification. The endoscopic findings of hiatus hernia were classified according to the criteria of the Keio Cancer Detection Center form (K‐form). The valvular appearance of the cardia was classified according to V‐grades. The height of the remnant stomach was measured on computed tomography scans. The postoperative findings of esophagitis in the B‐I group were significantly worse than the preoperative findings, but no significant change was observed in the R‐Y group. The postoperative V‐grades and K‐forrn findings in the B‐I group were worse than their preoperative findings. In the R‐Y group, however, there was no significant change in the V‐grades or K‐form findings. In addition, the height of the remnant stomach was significantly higher in the B‐I group than in the R‐Y group. This study suggested that an aggravated cardia is associated with the B‐I procedure and that the position of the remnant stomach may therefore play an important role in the occurrence of postoperative reflux esophagitis. In contrast, the R‐Y operation was shown to preserve the cardia and the position of the remnant stomach better. As a result, R‐Y might help prevent not only duodenogastric reflux but also gastroesophageal reflux.
An Analysis of Rare Carcinoid Tumors: Clarifying These Clinical Conundrums
Authors: Modlin Irvin M. , Shapiro Michael D. , Kidd Mark 
Published: December 2004

AbstractCarcinoid tumors are distinct neuroendocrine neoplasms with characteristic histological, clinical, and biological properties. Though commonly associated with the gastrointestinal tract and bronchopulmonary system, a substantial number of these tumors originate in less common anatomical sites and can range from indolent, unrecognized entities to highly active, metastatic secretory tumors. Their presentation within unfamiliar locations often results in clinical confusion, and they persist as unrecognized lesions, subjecting patients to delayed, inappropriate, or ineffective treatment. The authors reviewed 13,715 carcinoid tumors identified by three consecutive registries of the National Cancer Institute (NCI) from 1950 to 1999, focusing on the anatomic sites accounting for less than one percent of all carcinoids. In addition, data from the world’s literature published on carcinoid tumors within these particular anatomic locations were then analyzed with respect to incidence, clinical presentation, symptoms, diagnostic evaluation, microscopic and immunohistochemical findings, treatment strategies, and prognosis. The primary organs in which carcinoids are most commonly mistaken for some of the more conspicuous endemic tumors include the esophagus, pancreas, liver, biliary tract, gallbladder, and Meckel’s diverticulum, as well as within the pelvic and otolaryngeal organs and the breast. In general, the highest proportion of “rare” carcinoids was identified in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, with the ovary as the single most affected extra‐GI site. Tumors with the worst prognosis were those that involved the pancreas (37.5%: 5‐year survival) and those in the cervix (12‐33%: 3‐year survival). While gastrointestinal carcinoids have become a more recognized entity and thus more amenable to identification, similar lesions are often not considered in other sites and have often either been overlooked or misdiagnosed. Widespread reports of their occurrence in rare locations warrants attention. The diminution of the likelihood of inadvertently neglecting these often benign, indolent neoplasms that are well known to metastasize if unaddressed would represent an important advance. Familiarity with such unusual sites of origin will facilitate appropriate recognition and characterization of such tumors, allowing for timely intervention.
Gallbladder Carcinoma with Biliary Invasion: Clinical Analysis of the Differences from Nonbiliary Invasion
Authors: Chan Kun‐Ming , Yeh Ta‐Sen , Yu Ming‐Chin , Jan Yi‐Yin , Hwang Tsann‐Long , Chen Miin‐Fu 
Published: December 2004

AbstractGallbladder carcinoma is the most common malignancy of the biliary tract. Because of a lack of specific presentations, this condition frequently is diagnosed only at an advanced stage. The clinical difference between gallbladder carcinoma with and without biliary involvement remains uncertain. This study recruited all patients with gallbladder carcinoma treated at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital (Taoyuan, Taiwan) from 1987 to 2002. The sample included 120 patients aged 28 to 91 years (mean 65.5 ± 12.3 years) (39 men, 81 women), whose medical records were reviewed retrospectively. Based on the 2002 newly revised TNM classification, 25, 38, 28, and 29 patients had stage I, II, III, and IV disease, respectively. After we excluded patients with stage I, the other patients were classified into two groups as follows: group I, gallbladder carcinoma with biliary invasion (n = 41); group II, carcinoma without biliary involvement (n = 54). The clinical presentations, laboratory data, operative methods, and outcome of these two groups were compared. The two groups did not differ in terms of age, sex distribution, cholelithiasis, and most clinical presentations. Chemistry laboratory data also identified patients in group I with significantly elevated liver function tests. Group II had a borderline tendency toward better curative resectability than group I (p = 0.09). Survival was significantly better for group I patients who underwent curative resection (n = 5) via cholecystectomy, partial hepatectomy, and bile duct resection than for those with noncurative resection (p < 0.05). However, long‐term survival demonstrated that gallbladder carcinoma had the same poor prognosis in the two groups. In conclusion, gallbladder carcinoma with biliary invasion has been found to a more overt clinical presentation and abnormal laboratory data, which might alert clinicians to consider gallbladder carcinoma at an advanced stage or biliary invasion and examine the underlying disease. Generally, the outcome of gallbladder carcinoma is dismal, and radical curative resection the combined with cholecystectomy, partial hepatectomy, and bile duct resection perhaps may offer good benefits for advanced gallbladder carcinoma. Furthermore, surgical resection should be performed whenever possible in patients with gallbladder carcinoma to increase life expectancy.
Dutch Surgery in Japan
Authors: van Gulik Thomas M. , Nimura Yuji 
Published: December 2004

AbstractAn isolation policy was adopted in feudal Japan from 1639 to 1853 owing to the fear of foreign influence. During those 200 years of isolation, all foreigners were withheld from the country with the exception of the Dutch, who were permitted to establish a trading post on a small island in the Bay of Nagasaki, called Decima. Western culture and science reached the Japanese exclusively through the Dutch on Decima. Health care on Decima was provided by Dutch barber‐surgeons, who introduced Western surgical practice in Japan. Official interpreters were the only Japanese allowed on Decima. It was from among these interpreters that the first Japanese surgeons arose who, having mastered the Dutch language, translated several Dutch anatomic and surgical texts. Genpaku Sugita translated a Dutch anatomy textbook into Japanese, which was completed in 1774. This book, entitledKaitai Shinsho[New Book on Anatomy], was the first Western scientific monograph to be translated entirely into Japanese. Several Dutch surgical schools were founded through which Dutch surgery, known in Japan as “surgery of the red‐haired” was propagated. According to the custom of the surgical guilds in Holland, certificates were granted to Japanese apprentices who had completed their training in Dutch surgery. About 60 Dutch surgeons had served on Decima up to 1850, providing the basis for surgery to develop in Japan. Among them, Philipp Franz von Siebold was an exceptional scholar who also had a great impact in making Japanese culture known to the Western world.
Esophagectomy: Is It Necessary after Chemoradiotherapy for a Locally Advanced T4 Esophageal Cancer? Prospective Nonrandomized Trial Comparing Chemoradiotherapy with Surgery versus without Surgery
Authors: Fujita Hiromasa , Sueyoshi Susumu , Tanaka Toshiaki , Tanaka Yuichi , Matono Satoru , Mori Naoki , Shirouzu Kazuo , Yamana Hideaki , Suzuki Gen , Hayabuchi Naofumi , Matsui Masasuke 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe need for surgery after chemoradiotherapy for a T4N0‐1M0 squamous cell carcinoma in the thoracic esophagus was evaluated. A series of 53 patients were enrolled in this prospective nonrandomized trial from among 124 patients with an esophageal cancer assessed as T4 in Kurume University Hospital from 1994 to 2002. After the first chemoradiotherapy cycle, which consisted of radiotherapy in a total dosage of 36 Gy and chemotherapy using cisplatin (CDDP) and 5‐fluorouracil (5FU), the patients each decided, after being informed of the efficacy of the chemoradiotherapy, whether to undergo surgery. All patients, including those who had undergone surgery and those who had not, later underwent a second chemoradiotherapy cycle consisting of radiotherapy in a total dosage of 24 Gy and chemotherapy using CDDP and 5FU, as far as practicable. Among the responders to the first chemoradiotherapy cycle, there was no significant difference in the long‐term (5‐year) survival rate between the 18 patients who underwent esophageal surgery and the 13 patients who did not (23% vs. 23%). Among the nonresponders, the 11 patients who underwent surgery showed a tendency toward longer survival than the five patients who had had no surgery. The nonresponders had 1‐ and 2‐year survival rates of 64% and 33%, respectively. The corresponding rates for the 5 nonsurgical patients who completed the two chemoradiotherapy cycle were 20% ands 20%, respectively. For a T4N0‐1M0 squamous cell carcinoma in the thoracic esophagus, full‐dosage chemoradiotherapy (definitive chemoradiotherapy) is preferred for responders to a half‐dose of chemoradiotherapy as much as esophagectomy, whereas esophagectomy may be preferred for nonresponders.
Spatial Dispersion of Action Potential Duration Restitution Kinetics Is Associated with Induction of Ventricular Tachycardia/Fibrillation in Humans
Authors: PAK HUI‐NAM , HONG SOON JUN , HWANG GYO SEUNG , LEE HYUN SOO , PARK SANG‐WEON , AHN JEONG CHEON , MOO RO YOUNG , KIM YOUNG‐HOON 
Published: December 2004

Introduction: Action potential duration restitution (APDR) plays a role in initiation and maintenance of ventricular tachycardia (VT)/ventricular fibrillation (VF). We hypothesized that the steeply sloped APDR and its spatial heterogeneity contribute to VT/VF inducibility in patients with ventricular arrhythmia. Method and Results: After programmed ventricular stimulation (PVS) for evaluation of clinically documented VT, patients (n = 20, 15 male, age 52.5 ± 9.5 years) were divided into two groups: inducible sustained VT/VF (IVT, n = 10) and noninducible VT/VF (NVT, n = 10). Data were compared with the corresponding results obtained from normal controls (C, n = 10). Right ventricular (RV) monophasic action potential duration at 90% repolarization (APD90) and ventricular effective refractory period (VERP) in the right ventricular apex (RVA) and right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) were determined. APDR was acquired by scanning diastole with premature ventricular beats during a pacing cycle length of 600 msec (S1‐S2) in all patients and by rapid pacing at the cycle lengths that induced APD alternans in three patients. Maximal slopes (Smax) of the APDR curves and ΔAPD90 (APD90 at S2 400 ms – APD90 at the shortest S2) were measured. VERP and APD90 at each RV site did not differ among the three groups. Smax obtained by S1‐S2 (1.6 ± 0.6) did not differ from Smax obtained by rapid pacing (1.2 ± 0.7), with a significant correlation noted between these values (r = 0.92, P < 0.01). The IVT group had a higher spatial dispersion of Smax (Smax at RVOT – Smax at RVA) compared to the C group (P < 0.05), with no difference between the NVT group and the IVT or C groups. The IVT group had a higher spatial dispersion of ΔAPD90 compared to the NVT and C groups (P < 0.01, respectively). Smax at the RVOT (2.7 ± 1.9) was steeper than that at the RVA (1.9 ± 1.2, P < 0.05). Inducibility of sustained VT/VF was greater at the RVOT (83.3%) than at the RVA (50.0%, P < 0.05). Conclusion: In patients with ventricular arrhythmia, VT/VF is highly inducible under conditions of greater spatial dispersion of ventricular refractoriness and APDR.
Value of Entrainment Mapping in Determining the Isthmus‐Dependent Nature of Atrial Flutter in the Presence of Amiodarone
Authors: FATEMI MARJANEH , MANSOURATI JACQUES , ROSU RADU , BLANC JEAN‐JACQUES 
Published: December 2004

Introduction: Entrainment mapping is a useful procedure for localizing macroreentrant tachycardia circuits. In patients with isthmus‐dependent atrial flutter, entrainment mapping from the isthmus during tachycardia results in postpacing intervals (PPI) close to the tachycardia cycle length (TCL). However, the influence of antiarrhythmic drugs on the method's value is not clearly established. The aim of our study was to assess the value of entrainment mapping in the presence of amiodarone in patients undergoing radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of isthmus‐dependent atrial flutter. Methods and Results: The study consisted of 83 patients with isthmus‐dependent atrial flutter: 52 were taking amiodarone at the time of RFA (group 1) and 31 were in a drug‐free state (group 2). Entrainment mapping was performed from the cavotricuspid isthmus, and PPI minus TCL was determined. The two groups had similar baseline clinical characteristics. In all patients, RFA of the isthmus resulted in termination of tachycardia, confirming the isthmus‐dependent nature of the flutter. TCL was significantly longer in group 1 than in group 2 (263 ± 31 msec vs 238 ± 27 msec, P < 0.0002). PPI minus TCL at the isthmus was significantly longer in group 1 than in group 2 (17 ± 17 msec vs 8 ± 4 msec, P < 0.01). More patients in group 1 had PPI‐TCL>20 msec compared to group 2 (37% vs 10%, P = 0.01). Conclusion: Amiodarone significantly alters the entrainment mapping response from the isthmus. In this setting, long return cycles exceeding the TCL by >20 msec do not exclude isthmus‐dependent atrial flutter.
Catheter Ablation of Atrial Flutter after Orthotopic Heart Transplantation
Authors: HEIST E. KEVIN , DOSHI SHEPHAL K. , SINGH JAGMEET P. , SALVO THOMAS DI , SEMIGRAN MARC J. , REDDY VIVEK Y. , KEANE DAVID , RUSKIN JEREMY N. , MANSOUR MOUSSA 
Published: December 2004

Introduction: Atrial arrhythmias, including atrial flutter, are common in orthotopic heart transplant recipients. However, only a small number of individual case reports describe the electrical circuit and catheter ablation of atrial flutter after heart transplantation. Methods and Results: Detailed electrophysiologic evaluation and radiofrequency ablation of atrial flutter were performed in three patients after orthotopic heart transplantation. All cases involved a counterclockwise flutter circuit around the tricuspid annulus. All were successfully ablated at the isthmus between the tricuspid valve and the atrial anastomosis adjacent to the inferior vena cava. Conclusion: Atrial flutter involving a counterclockwise circuit around the tricuspid annulus is common in the heart transplant population. Based on the patients described in this study and other cases reported in the literature, this arrhythmia often is treated successfully by ablation of the isthmus between the tricuspid valve and the atrial anastomosis near the inferior vena cava.
Mannose binding lectin and C3 act as recognition molecules for infectious agents in the vagina
Authors: Pellis V , De Seta F , Crovella S , Bossi F , Bulla R , Guaschino S , Radillo O , Garred P , Tedesco F 
Published: December 2004

SummaryIn our study we examined the early complement components in patients with bacterial vaginosis (BV), vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) and in healthy controls. The levels of C1q, mannose-binding lectin (MBL) and C3 were measured by ELISA in the cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) from gynaecological patients and controls. No significant differences were observed in the levels of these proteins in the three study groups. Immunofluorescence analysis of the clue cells and Candida hyphae from BV and VVC patients for surface-bound complement components showed the presence of C3, while C1q was undetectable. MBL was revealed on clue cells but not on Candida. Binding of MBL to Candida, grown or cytocentrifuged from the CVL of VVC patients, was found to be pH dependent and occurred between pH 4·5 and pH 5·5. In conclusion, we demonstrated that MBL and C3 present in the vaginal cavity act as recognition molecules for infectious agents that colonize the cervicovaginal mucosa. Our finding that MBL, but not C1q, binds to bacteria and fungi in vagina suggests that the lectin and classical pathways of complement activation may play a different role in immune defence in the female genital tract.
Immunosuppression: towards a logical approach in liver transplantation
Authors: Perry I , Neuberger J 
Published: December 2004

Summary
Over the last two decades there has been a significant increase in the number and types of immunosuppressive agents that have been available to clinicians. The protocols for immunosuppression used in liver transplantation have been derived historically from those in renal transplantation. During the last decade there has been a shift in the use of immunosuppression, with the introduction of interleukin (IL)-2 receptor antagonists in place of anti-lymphocyte preparations, substitution of tacrolimus for cyclosporin and mycophenolate for azathioprine. The use of corticosteroids has been reduced. For a variety of reasons, these changes have not always been made on the basis of properly randomized studies. The place of newer agents, such as sirolimus and leflunomide derivatives and of the microbiological agents, is unclear. In this review, we outline briefly the mechanism of action of drugs and suggest possible approaches to the management of the liver allograft recipient, suggesting how treatment could be adjusted according to the indication for transplantation as well as the individual's comorbidities.