bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Lysosome‐Targeted Magnetic Nanotorquer Mechanically Triggers Ferroptosis for Breast Cancer Treatment
Authors: Wei Xueyan , Li Yingze , Chen Haotian , Gao Rui , Ning Peng , Wang Yingying , Huang Wanxin , Chen Erzhen , Fang Lan , Guo Xingrong , Lv Cheng , Cheng Yu 
Published: December 2023

AbstractTargeting ferroptosis has attracted exponential attention to eradicate cancer cells with high iron‐dependent growth. Increasing the level of intracellular labile iron pool via small molecules and iron‐containing nanomaterials is an effective approach to induce ferroptosis but often faces insufficient efficacy due to the fast drug metabolism and toxicity issues on normal tissues. Therefore, developing a long‐acting and selective approach to regulate ferroptosis is highly demanded in cancer treatment. Herein, a lysosome‐targeted magnetic nanotorquer (T7‐MNT) is proposed as the mechanical tool to dynamically induce the endogenous Fe2+ pool outbreak for ferroptosis of breast cancer. T7‐MNTs target lysosomes via the transferrin receptor‐mediated endocytosis in breast cancer cells. Under the programmed rotating magnetic field, T7‐MNTs generate torques to trigger endogenous Fe2+ release by disrupting the lysosomal membrane. This magneto‐mechanical manipulation can induce oxidative damage and antioxidant defense imbalance to boost frequency‐ and time‐dependent lipid peroxidization. Importantly, in vivo studies show that T7‐MNTs can efficiently trigger ferroptosis under the magnetic field and play as a long‐acting physical inducer to boost ferrotherapy efficacy in combination with RSL3. It is anticipated that this dynamic targeted strategy can be coupled with current ferroptosis inducers to achieve enhanced efficacy and inspire the design of mechanical‐based ferroptosis inducers for cancer treatment.
Schrödinger's Red Beyond 65,000 Pixel‐Per‐Inch by Multipolar Interaction in Freeform Meta‐Atom through Efficient Neural Optimizer
Authors: Lin Ronghui , Valuckas Vytautas , Do Thi Thu Ha , Nemati Arash , Kuznetsov Arseniy I. , Teng Jinghua , Ha Son Tung 
Published: December 2023

AbstractFreeform nanostructures have the potential to support complex resonances and their interactions, which are crucial for achieving desired spectral responses. However, the design optimization of such structures is nontrivial and computationally intensive. Furthermore, the current “black box” design approaches for freeform nanostructures often neglect the underlying physics. Here, a hybrid data‐efficient neural optimizer for resonant nanostructures by combining a reinforcement learning algorithm and Powell's local optimization technique is presented. As a case study, silicon nanostructures with a highly‐saturated red color are designed and experimentally demonstrated. Specifically, color coordinates of (0.677, 0.304) in the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) chromaticity diagram – close to the ideal Schrödinger's red, with polarization independence, high reflectance (>85%), and a large viewing angle (i.e., up to ± 25°) is achieved. The remarkable performance is attributed to underlying generalized multipolar interferences within each nanostructure rather than the collective array effects. Based on that, pixel size down to ≈400 nm, corresponding to a printing resolution of 65000 pixels per inch is demonstrated. Moreover, the proposed design model requires only ≈300 iterations to effectively search a thirteen‐dimensional (13D) design space – an order of magnitude more efficient than the previously reported approaches. The work significantly extends the free‐form optical design toolbox for high‐performance flat‐optical components and metadevices.
Self‐Sacrificing Reductive Interphase for Robust and High‐Performance Sulfide‐Based All‐Solid‐State Lithium Batteries
Authors: Zhang Minghao , Zhang Shaojian , Li Meng , Xiao Denghai , Fu Wei , Zhang Shanqing , Lin Zhan , Liu Chenyu 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAll‐solid‐state lithium‐ion batteries (ASSLIBs) based on sulfide solid‐state electrolytes (S‐SSEs) are considered as one of the most promising choices to address the safety hazards of traditional lithium‐ion batteries. However, the high‐voltage cathodes, such as LiCoO2 (LCO) with high‐valence Co (+3), tend to spontaneously oxidize S‐SSEs, causing polarization increase and rapid degradation. Herein, a self‐sacrificing reductive interphase consisting of CoO/Li2CO3/C, is in situ constructed on LCO surface via a simple carbon‐induced thermal reduction of LCO. With such a design, the Co valence of LCO surface is reduced to +2, reducing the oxidative nature of LCO to avoid reactions with S‐SSEs. As a result, ASSLIBs using Li10GeP2S12 (LGPS) S‐SSEs achieve a high initial capacity of 144.9 mAh g‒1 at 0.2 C and retard 93.1% of initial capacity after 100 cycles. Additionally, excellent rate cyclability of 109.2 mAh g‒1 at 1.0 C with 81.5% retentive capacity for 200 cycles is attained as well. Comprehensive evidence strongly demonstrates the effectiveness of this self‐sacrificing reductive interphase in inhibiting the interfacial reactions and ensuring long‐term cyclability. The proposed concept of a self‐sacrificing reductive interface in this study paves the way for stabilizing the cathode/SSEs interface and offers a novel approach for the design of high‐performance sulfide‐based ASSLIBs.
Ion injection bipolar membrane electrodialysis realizes over 8 mol/L NaOH conversion from a brine stream
Authors: Fu Rong , Wang Huangying , Yan Junying , Li Ruirui , Wang Baoying , Jiang Chenxiao , Wang Yaoming , Xu Tongwen 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe chlor‐alkali process is currently the predominant technology for caustic soda production but has several major challenges, such as enormous energy demand and supply–demand imbalance between NaOH and Cl2 in downstream industries. Herein, we propose a novel ion‐injection bipolar membrane electrodialysis (IJBMED) system that is capable of boosting water splitting in a bipolar membrane with an ultrahigh current density while omittance concentration polarization in anion‐ and cation‐exchange membranes. The results indicate that the IJBMED approach enables one‐step conversion of the NaCl‐containing brine stream into 8.12 mol/L NaOH with specific energy consumption of 0.79 kWh/kg NaOH (23 wt.% → 25 wt.%), compared to 2.15 kWh/kg NaOH (28 wt.% → 30 wt.%) for the chlor‐alkali process. The advantages of low energy consumption and omittance of chlorine emissions suggest that IJBMED might be a promising alternative to the chlor‐alkali process, revealing a new route to reshape the chemical industry for caustic soda production.
Cognitively defined Alzheimer's dementia subgroups have distinct atrophy patterns
Authors: Crane Paul K. , Groot Colin , Ossenkoppele Rik , Mukherjee Shubhabrata , Choi Seo‐Eun , Lee Michael , Scollard Phoebe , Gibbons Laura E. , Sanders R. Elizabeth , Trittschuh Emily , Saykin Andrew J. , Mez Jesse , Nakano Connie , Donald Christine Mac , Sohi Harkirat ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, Risacher Shannon 
Published: December 2023

AbstractINTRODUCTIONWe sought to determine structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics across subgroups defined based on relative cognitive domain impairments using data from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) and to compare cognitively defined to imaging‐defined subgroups.METHODSWe used data from 584 people with Alzheimer's disease (AD) (461 amyloid positive, 123 unknown amyloid status) and 118 amyloid‐negative controls. We used voxel‐based morphometry to compare gray matter volume (GMV) for each group compared to controls and to AD‐Memory.RESULTSThere was pronounced bilateral lower medial temporal lobe atrophy with relative cortical sparing for AD‐Memory, lower left hemisphere GMV for AD‐Language, anterior lower GMV for AD‐Executive, and posterior lower GMV for AD‐Visuospatial. Formal asymmetry comparisons showed substantially more asymmetry in the AD‐Language group than any other group (p = 1.15 × 10−10). For overlap between imaging‐defined and cognitively defined subgroups, AD‐Memory matched up with an imaging‐defined limbic predominant group.DISCUSSIONMRI findings differ across cognitively defined AD subgroups.
β‐C−H Allylation of Trialkylamines with Allenes Promoted by Synergistic Borane/Palladium Catalysis
Authors: Zhang Ming , Tang Zi‐Lu , Luo Heng , Wang Xiao‐Chen 
Published: December 2023

AbstractFunctionalization of the C(sp3)−H bonds of trialkylamines is challenging, especially for reactions at positions other than the α position. Herein, we report a method for β‐C(sp3)−H allylation of trialkylamines. In these reactions, which involve synergistic borane/palladium catalysis, an enamine intermediate is first generated from the amine via α,β‐dehydrogenation promoted by B(C6F5)3 and a base, and then the enamine undergoes palladium‐catalyzed reaction with an allene to give the allylation product. Because the hydride and the proton resulting from the initial dehydrogenation are ultimately shuttled to the product by B(C6F5)3 and the palladium catalyst, respectively, these reactions show excellent atom economy. The establishment of this method paves the way for future studies of C−H functionalization of trialkylamines by means of synergistic borane/transition‐metal catalysis.
Maintaining high‐triglyceride content and reducing free fatty acids in distillers corn oil: A catalyst‐free multivariate strategy
Authors: Villarruel Emilia Monserrat Ortiz , de Carvalho Filho José Faustino Souza , Garcia Marco Aurélio Suller , de Almeida João Monnerat Araujo Ribeiro , Aranda Donato Alexandre Gomes , Romano Pedro Nothaft 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDistillers corn oil (DCO), a byproduct of corn ethanol production, offers an alternative glyceride source for biodiesel production. Nonetheless, its higher free fatty acids (FFA) content compared to other vegetable oils hampers its direct conversion into fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) due to soap formation, catalysts' activity decreasing, and emulsions generation (thus reducing FAME yield), which compromise the quality and stability of the biodiesel produced. Thus, pretreatment steps such as esterification may reduce the FFA to mitigate these issues. In this context, by utilizing glycerine, a solution emerges: esterifying these high‐acidity oils to convert FFA into triglycerides (TAG) before transesterification. However, little is known about how integrated reaction conditions can affect the process in a catalyst‐free system. Thus, our study was guided by a clear‐cut objective: transforming DCO into a raw material ideally suited for biodiesel production, which involved a dramatic reduction in FFA content, reducing it from 18% to a mere 2% while preserving a high concentration of TAG. For that, we systematically employed a response surface methodology with a three‐factorial central composite design to investigate the complex interactions among key parameters: temperature, vacuum pressure, and the glycerol/oil mass ratio. Elevated temperatures and a 2:1 glycerol/oil mass ratio were beneficial for FFA reduction, increased TAG content, and improved oil color. Interaction analysis identified synergistic temperature and vacuum pressure effects on FFA reduction, TAG production, and photometric color index reduction, revealing optimal conditions. Hence, the statistical model highlights DCO as a viable oil for future transesterification processes, laying the foundation for an eco‐friendly and economically efficient biodiesel production network.
A novel cat swarm optimization‐based fuzzy PI controller for improving dynamic response of converter
Authors: Priya Kanjikovil Marimuthu , Balakumaran Thangaraju 
Published: December 2023

AbstractNowadays, the use of fuel cells in various applications has become very widespread. Some of their most important applications are in electric vehicles (EVs) and local off‐grid power systems. An EV works as an electric motor that burns a mixture of fuel and gases to generate electricity. One of the challenges with fuel cells is the slow dynamic response to load power changes. In the past few decades, the modeling and control of DC‐DC converters have undergone extensive research and development. However, the error, settling time, and peak overshoot performance are not reduced by the robust nonlinear controller and current mode controller. To overcome these problems, quantile regressive extreme seeking cat swarm optimized Mamdani fuzzy PI controller (QRESCSO‐MFPIC) approach is developed. The goal of the QRESCSO‐MFPIC approach is to reduce the integral time absolute error (ITAE) for tuning the fuzzy PI controller. Initializing the fuzzy PI controller parameter is an input in the QRESCSO‐MFPIC approach. For every parameter value, the fitness function is determined and quantile regression analysis is carried out. The efficiency of the QRESCSO‐MFPIC approach is measured by evaluating the settling time and peak overshoot. Tuning of the PI controller is carried out with cat swarm optimization (CSO) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) based on the objective function of ITAE. The result analysis shows that the QRESCSO‐MFPIC approach improves the efficiency of an optimized Fuzzy PI controller compared to the existing methods. Peak overshoot reduction and settling time are improved through the QRESCSO‐MFPIC approach than the proportional integral particle swarm optimization controller (PI‐PSO).
Development of stealth nanoparticles coated with poly(2‐methoxyethyl vinyl ether) as an alternative to poly(ethylene glycol)
Authors: Fujiura Kento , Naito Mitsuru , Tanaka Yukiko , Tanaka Masaru , Nakanishi Yurie , Ejima Hirotaka , Negishi Lumi , Kujirai Tomoya , Kurumizaka Hitoshi , Ohta Seiichi , Miyata Kanjiro 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPoly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) modification, also known as PEGylation, has been extensively used to improve the stability of nanoparticles for nanomedical applications. However, PEG exhibits antigenicity in some formulations, motivating researchers to explore alternative polymers. Herein, poly(vinyl ether) (PVE) derivatives are highlighted as promising alternatives to PEG because they form intermediate water molecules that suppress non‐specific protein adsorption and platelet adhesion to the material surface. We prepared a water‐soluble PVE derivative, poly(2‐methoxyethyl vinyl ether) (PMOVE), and utilized it as a surface modifier for gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as model nanoparticles. PMOVE with a thiol terminus was synthesized and confirmed to form an intermediate water molecule using differential scanning calorimetry. Similar to the synthesis of PEGylated AuNPs (PEG‐AuNPs), PMOVE‐modified AuNPs (PMOVE‐AuNPs) were successfully fabricated with an appreciably high density of PMOVE palisades via a thiol‐gold coordination reaction. Similar to PEG‐AuNPs, PMOVE‐AuNPs showed reduced serum protein adsorption and prolonged blood circulation. Additionally, no significant cytotoxicity was observed after incubation of a murine macrophage cell line, RAW264.7, with PMOVE‐AuNPs. Our results indicate that the PMOVE modification increases the stealthiness of nanoparticles that is equivalent to that achieved by PEGylation.
Difficult‐to‐express antigen generation through a co‐expression and disassociation methodology
Authors: Lieu Ricky , Chao Grace , Kennedy Emma , Sauder J. Michael , Narayanasamy Prabakaran , Pustilnik Anna , Thangaraju Adithi , Ho Carolyn , Pedroza Mariah J. , Ruiz Diana , Yang Xiaomin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractExtracellular domain (ECD) antigens are crucial components for antibody discovery, in vitro assays, and epitope mapping during therapeutical antibody development. Oftentimes, those antigens are difficult to produce while retaining the biologic function/activity upon extracellular secretion in commonly used expression systems. We have developed an effective method to cope with the challenge of generating quality antigen ECDs. In this method, a monoclonal antibody (Mab) or antibody fragment antigen‐binding (Fab) region acts as a “chaperone” to stabilize the antigen ECD through forming an antibody:antigen complex. This methodology includes transient co‐expression of the complex in Chinese hamster ovary cells and then dissociation of the purified complex into individual components by low pH treatment in the presence of arginine. The antigen is then separated from the chaperone on a preparative size exclusion chromatography (pSEC) followed by an optional affinity chromatography process to remove residual Mab or Fab. We demonstrate this co‐expression/disassociation methodology on two difficult‐to‐express antigen ECDs from cluster‐of‐differentiation/cytokine family and were successful in producing stable, biologically active antigens when the common methods using Histidine‐tagged and/or Fc‐fused protein failed. This can be applied as a general approach for antigen production if a Mab or binding partner is available.
Feeling similar, being different: Immigrant youth, multicultural identities and coping with discrimination
Authors: Miglietta Anna , Rizzo Marco , Rossi Margherita 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMost of the social psychology literature focuses on the difficulties that young people of migrant backgrounds (YMBs) living in Western countries have in negotiating multicultural identities and developing a sense of belonging to two cultures, emphasizing the negative consequences of feeling discriminated against. However, how YMBs who self‐identify as multicultural reconcile their feelings of integration with identity denial and discrimination has been less explored. The purpose of the present study was to examine, in a sample of YMBs living in Italy, how they reconcile their multicultural identities and perceptions of integration with feelings of rejection by segments of Italian society. Twenty‐five young adults (mean age: 24.5;SD = 4.1; Female (F) = 13) from different ethnic backgrounds participated in semistructured interviews. The results highlighted the protective role of bicultural identification in the identity of YMBs, expressed in the tendency to avoid recognizing oneself in the image of the ‘migrant’ and instead to promote that of a multicultural individual who is not different from other fellow citizens. This goal was achieved at the interpersonal and intrapersonal levels by adopting cognitive strategies of stigma avoidance such as personal/group discrimination discrepancy and doublethink. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article'sCommunity and Social Impact Statement.
Unlocking the Anticancer Potential of Ionic Liquids
Authors: Mohd Noor Najihah , Elgharbawy Amal A. M. , Moniruzzaman Muhammad , Goto Masahiro 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDespite advances in cancer treatment, many types of cancer still have high mortality rates, and the existing therapies can cause considerable side effects. Therefore, discovering new therapies, especially ones with fewer side effects, is desirable to improve the outcomes for cancer patients. Ionic liquids (ILs) have emerged as potential candidates for cancer treatment because of their particular physicochemical properties, which can be tailored for specific applications. In recent years, interest in exploring the potential of ILs in cancer treatment has been growing, and several studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of ILs in inhibiting cancer‐cell growth. This review provides insight into the anticancer potential of ILs, exploring the diverse applications and the underlying mechanisms behind the cytotoxicity toward cancer cells of ILs. Understanding the mechanisms behind the cytotoxicity of ILs can aid in the design and optimization of IL‐based cancer therapies. By focusing on specific pathways and targets, IL‐based cancer therapies may be developed that offer new possibilities for treating this devastating disease.
Morphologically Controlled Electrochemical Assembly of Pillar[6]quinone Crystals through the Interaction with Electrolytes
Authors: Hirohata Tomoki , Shida Naoki , Villani Elena , Ogoshi Tomoki , Tomita Ikuyoshi , Inagi Shinsuke 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe morphology engineering of porous materials is advantageous for improving their properties and designing the structure of their nanopores. Among the synthetic methods available, electrochemical deposition is one of the most advantageous for shape engineering, because the reaction conditions can be easily controlled and the deposition only occurs at the electrode surface. Herein, we report the manipulation in size and shape of pillar[6]quinone (P[Q]6) crystal structure by varying the electrolytic conditions during the electrochemical synthesis. Significant morphological change was observed with the use of supporting electrolytes having different alkylammonium cations, presumably due to the host‐guest interaction between the cation and the 1,4‐dihydroxypillar[6]arene (P[HQ]6) precursor. However, when alkali metal cations were used, the morphology slightly changed, depending on the size of the alkali metal cation. Powder X‐ray diffraction analysis revealed that the electrochemical assembly of P[Q]6 gives the same crystal structure, while DFT calculations suggested that the change in the crystal morphology was caused by the incorporation of the cation species, which inhibited the crystal growth of P[Q]6. In addition, it was found that the manipulation in size and shape of the morphologies could also be achieved by changing the composition of the solvent.
Electrolyte and Electrode–Electrolyte Interface for Proton Batteries: Insights and Challenges
Authors: Dong Xiaoyu , Li Zhiwei , Ding Bing , Dou Hui , Zhang Xiaogang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSimultaneously achieving high energy density and high‐power density in energy storage systems is a crucial direction for developing next‐generation energy storage technologies. The high capacity and rapid kinetic performance of rechargeable proton batteries provide an ideal solution for overcoming energy limitation of capacitors and power constraints of traditional metal‐ion batteries. Research efforts primarily concentrated on electrode materials design, understanding the charge storage mechanisms, and exploring the failure mechanisms. While there has been relatively less emphasis on the modifications to electrolytes and electrode‐electrolyte interfaces to enhance overall performance. Summarizing and sorting relevant work is crucial in providing direction and suggestions for future research endeavors. Herein, to improve energy density, power density, and cycle stability of proton batteries, a series of recently published studies on electrolyte and electrode‐electrolyte interfaces are discussed and reviewed. Furthermore, challenges and future directions pertaining to the electrolytes of proton batteries have been identified, offering insights to facilitate the development of proton battery technology.
Efficiency optimization for phase‐shifted full‐bridge converter with variable frequency control
Authors: Tang Yu , Liu Baozhu , Ji Danning , jia Guanlong , Yao Fang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn this paper, a control method combined with variable frequency and phase shifting is proposed, the primary purpose of which is to optimize the operating efficiency of the phase‐shift full‐bridge (PSFB) DC‐DC converter. By modeling the losses of the PSFB converter, the optimal switching frequency related to the load conditions is found. A neural network aided variable frequency controller that can work linearly is built to achieve the proposed method. At the same time, the voltage control loop is retained to ensure the stability of the output voltage and the necessary dynamic response of the converter. This paper builds an experimental platform for a 2 kW PSFB DC‐DC converter to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control method. With the control method proposed in this paper, the PSFB converter can always work at the optimum efficiency point under different load conditions. In addition, this paper also analyzes the influence of variable frequency control on PSFB operating states, such as zero‐voltage‐switching (ZVS) constraints, continuous conduction mode (CCM) operating states, and power density, which have an impact on its operating conditions.