bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Urban HEART Porto Alegre: assessing inequalities in Brazil
Authors: Bublitz Alexandre , Rosa Roger dos Santos 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The Urban Health Equity Assessment and Response Tool (Urban HEART) is a tool developed by the World Health Organization to assess and create responses to health inequalities within the urban environment using disaggregated indicators for neighborhoods and city regions. The aim of this study is, firstly, to establish the Urban HEART Matrix within the city of Porto Alegre, one of the main cities from the south of Brazil, and secondly, to create a composite indicator that facilitates comparative analyses among different neighborhoods and regions of the city. A total of 17 indicators were selected across five domains: physical environment and infrastructure, social and human development, economics, governance, and health. These indicators were then organized according to each neighborhood or region of the city within the Urban HEART Matrix, being classified according to the 25th and 75th percentiles. For the analysis among the indicators, we chose to develop a Resulting Indicator. This indicator was calculated based on the variation expressed in standard deviations from the mean of each of the indicators. A resulting indicator was then calculated from the mean between the five domains. The implementation of Urban HEART Porto Alegre permitted the development of a set of useful information about the city that allowed to analyze different intra-urban determinants and to compare neighborhoods and regions within the city. The analysis of different data and indicators about the city allows an easier assessment of social inequalities, demonstrating which neighborhoods need greater attention from public entities and bringing the debate on social determinants to the city. The disaggregated evaluation of the indicators is fundamental for the creation of more assertive and focused public policies that can effectively impact society.
Concordance of genomic mutations between tissue and ctDNA in non-small cell lung cancer: impact of time interval stratified by stage, smoking history and treatment
Authors: Li Kun , Zhang Nana , Xu Bing , Liu Zichen , Zhao Dan , Dong Yujie , Mu Jing , Lin Haifeng , Shan Guangyu , Gao Sihang , Yu Bo , Pan Xiaoxi , Wang Yanrong , Zhang Dongxing , Che Nanying , Ji Xiaoyong 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The concordance between tumor tissue and liquid biopsies has been extensively investigated in previous studies. Among the influential factors, the time interval between tissue and blood draw has received significant attention, but its impact on the concordance between tissue and liquid biopsies has yielded inconsistent results. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of the time interval between tissue and blood draw on the concordance between tissue and liquid biopsies while adjusting potential confounding factors such as clinical stage, smoking history, and treatment.
Methods
A total of 116 paired tissue and plasma lung cancer samples were collected from Beijing Chest Hospital and sequenced by hybridization capture-based next-generation sequencing (NGS) using a targeted enrichment panel covering 20 lung cancer-related genes. Mutation profiles obtained from tissue and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) were compared. The impact of time interval between tissue and blood draw on the concordance between tissue and liquid biopsies was assessed, stratifying the analysis based on clinical stage, smoking history, and treatment using the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test.
Results
ctDNA was detected in 49.14% (57/116) of clinical lung cancer samples. TP53 and EGFR carried the most mutations, both in tissue and ctDNA. Among the tissue mutations, 37.39% (83/222) were detected in paired ctDNA samples, while 89.25% (83/93) of ctDNA mutations were detected in paired tissue samples. The stratified analysis results demonstrated a significant correlation between concordance rates and the time interval between tissue and blood draw when stratified by clinical stage (P < 0.001, Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test). Additionally, the genomic characteristics observed in tissue and ctDNA samples from two clinical lung cancer patients exhibited tumor heterogeneity.
Conclusion
The time interval between tissue and blood draw had a significant impact on the concordance between tissue and liquid biopsies when stratified by clinical stage. Furthermore, ctDNA demonstrated the ability to overcome tumor heterogeneity to some extent, indicating its potential as a viable alternative to tissue biopsies when tumor tissue is not accessible.
Unraveling the Distinct Effects of CuOx and PtCu alloy Sites in Pt−Cu Bimetallic Catalysts for CO Oxidation at Different Temperature
Authors: Nan Bing , Li Yunan , Guo lingling , Du Meng , Tian Chen , Zhao Gui , Liu Zhengwu , Liang Zhenye , Hou Kunming , Chen Jun-Xiang , Liu Xi , Jiang Luozhen , lina li 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

The crucial role of different active sites in various reactions has been realized, while the distinguishing contribution of various species at different reactive temperature range is still scarcely presented. In this work, PtCu/MgO catalysts were prepared by co-impregnation method, and displayed superior performance compared to the related monometallic Pt/MgO or Cu/MgO catalyst. With the aid of comprehensive characterization techniques, it was discovered that there was an obvious reconstruction of platinum-copper oxide cluster to PtCu alloy-CuOx interface under reductive and oxidized conditions. The synergistic effect between PtCu alloy and CuOx species enables a good CO oxidation activity. In situ DRIFTS/CO-TPR and isotope labeling experiments indicated that the CO oxidation can be motivated at ~ 50 °C on surface CuOx species through M-vK mechanism, in which CuOx can provide abundant active oxygen species. As the increase of reaction temperature, a moderate CO adsorption on PtCu alloy avoids CO toxicity on Pt site and guarantees enough sites for the activation of gases oxygen into active oxygen species to promote CO oxidation by L-H mechanism. This work provides new idea for designing bimetallic catalysts with high performance for the low temperature CO oxidation and related reactions.
Exfoliation of an extruded Mg-4Li-1Ca alloy in presence of glucose and bovine serum albumin
Authors: Zeng Rongchang , Cai Lei , Zeng Mei-Qi , Liu Meng-Jie , Bao Jing-Yu , Ren Yu-Qian , Kannan M. Bobby , Cui Lan-Yue , Liu Cheng-Bao , Zhang Fen , Li Shuo-Qi 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Exfoliation corrosion (EFC) on extruded Mg-4Li-1Ca alloys as bone implant materials has not been reported. This study aimed to elucidate the degradation mechanism of a novel corrosion type-exfoliation occurred on an extruded Mg-4Li-1Ca alloy under the interaction of glucose (Glu) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) in Hank’s solution. The alloy microstructure, chemical composition, texture, stress distribution and Volta potential maps were characterized using metallographic microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and electron backscattered diffraction, and scanning Kelvin Probe. The alloy corrosion behavior was investigated via electrochemical testing and hydrogen evolution rate methods. X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, X-ray photoelectron spectrometer, and fluorescence microscopy were used to analyze the corrosion products and the adsorption of the organic molecules. The experimental results indicated that the anodic second phase (Mg2Ca) were distributed in lamellar and rod-like patterns along the extrusion direction of the alloy, a lower Volta potential for Mg2Ca, texture and residual stresses also promote EFC. An increase in Glu concentration exacerbated the EFC, whereas BSA inhibited the EFC of the alloy. Higher Glu concentrations in BSA in turn inhibited EFC since Glu can complex with amino acids in proteins to form Glu-amino acid amides, which promoted protein adsorption and thereby forming a dense protective film on the alloy surface. The preferential dissolution of the Mg2Ca phase particles led to the complexation and adsorption of Glu and protein. This study enriches the understanding of the corrosion types in biomedical Mg-4Li-1Ca alloy and paving the way for enhancing the EFC resistance of the alloy.
Hydrogeochemistry and human health risk assessment of heavy metal pollution of groundwater in Tarkwa, a mining community in Ghana
Authors: Gwira Harry , Osae Richard , Abasiya Christopher , Peasah Michael , Owusu Felix , Loh Seyram 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

The current study investigated the geochemical characterization and contamination of groundwater quality in Tarkwa, a mining community in Ghana. Total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, total dissolved solids, total hardness, heavy metals, and cyanide (CN) were all assessed in 74 groundwater samples. Other parameters assessed included pH, electrical conductivity, carbonate, bicarbonate, chloride, sulphate, nitrate, and pH. Using the method recommended by the USEPA, a health risk assessment was carried out. Among the parameters which exceeded their WHO recommended threshold were pH (4.9–7.7), Conductivity (150–1082), Turbidity (1.4-139.5), Magnesium (1.9 mg/L-395.5 mg/L), Nitrate (4.5 mg/L-760 mg/L), phosphate (2.3 mg/L-80 mg/L), Sulphate (10 mg/L -855.6 mg/L), CN (1.6mg/L-16 mg/L), As (0.001mg/L-0.015 mg/L), Hg (0.001 mg/L-0.005 mg/L), Cd (ND-0.009 mg/L), Mn (0.004 mg/L-1.38 mg/L), Ni (0.002 mg/L-0.118 mg/L). The study also showed that the groundwater in Tarkwa is naturally hard, making Ca and Mg ions the main ions determining the chemistry of the water. Similar to this, the most significant factors affecting water chemistry were rock dominance and precipitation dominance. Due to high levels of CN, As, and Cd, health risk evaluation revealed that prolonged intake of groundwater from Tarkwa is linked to both carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic health risk. Children were shown to be more vulnerable to both carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic health risks than adults.
Identification and characterization of a marine bacterium extract from Mameliella sp. M20D2D8 with antiviral effects against influenza A and B viruses
Authors: Park Sang-Ik , Kim Hyo-Jin , Park Jun-Gyu , Moon Kyeong-Seo , Jung Su-Bin , Kwon Yong Min , Kang Nam Seon , Kim Jeong-Hyeon , Nam Sang-Jip , Choi Grace , Baek Yeong-Bin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Despite of significant improvement in vaccines and chemotherapeutic drugs, infectious RNA viruses have still wreaked the largest havoc on global economy and caused a severe threat to animal and human health by emerging and re-emerging outbreaks. To curb the challenge of viral adaptation and evolution, continued and increased vigilance will be required. Particularly, antiviral drugs derived from a new, natural sources provide an attractive strategy for controlling problematic viral diseases. In this antiviral study, we discovered a previously unknown bacterium, Mameliella sp. M20D2D8, by conducting a thorough antiviral screening of marine microorganisms. M20D2D8 extract exhibited a remarkable antiviral activity with great safeness and effectiveness against broad-spectrum infections of influenza virus A/PR8 (IC50 = 2.93 µg/mL, SI = 294.85), A/Phil82 (IC50 = 1.42 µg/mL, SI = 608.38) and B/Yamagata (IC50 = 1.59 µg/mL, SI = 543.33) in vitro. After comparative study of pre, co- and post-treatment, the antiviral action was found to be associated with post-entry stages of viral replication. Particularly, M20D2D8 extract suppressed viral replication by enhancing apoptosis-mediated host immune reaction. Moreover, it efficiently suppressed viral genome replication, protein synthesis and infectivity, resulting in successful protections in two different cell lines of MDCK and A549 cells. Collectively, our findings highlight the identification of antiviral capabilities within a remarkable marine bacterium, potentially serving as a crucial element in future drug development for the control of viral diseases.
CIGSS Electrodeposition from Improved Electrolytes
Authors: Saeed Mahfouz , González-Peña Omar I. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Due to its wider band-gap than CuInGaSe2 [CIGS], Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 [CIGSS] offers significant superiority compared to CuInGaSe2 as solar cell thin film. According to earlier reports, the manufacturing of CIGSS requires the addition of elements during the annealing process using a hydrogen sulfide partial pressure or from the vapor phase using a lengthy and difficult-to-control procedure. Our CIGSS electrodeposition electrolyte is comparable to the CIGS electrodeposition electrolyte in composition, but it also adds sulfur thiosulphate as a sulfur source, and the pH of the electrolyte is sustained below 2. The method creates the CIGSS compound with the desired stoichiometry without adding any elements from the vapor phase during annealing. There are supplied example polarization curves for several speeds of disk rotation. The annealing procedure did not require the addition of any metal.
Exploring the current problem of target delineation based on the characteristics of axillary lymph node metastasis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Li Guanglie , Yao Jijin , Chang Yue , Zhang Fan , Wang Siyang 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Patients with axillary lymph node metastasis after radical radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma are clinically visible, and the reasons for this condition are unclear. We conducted a retrospective study on a small sample to explore the characteristics of metastasis. We reviewed all nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients admitted to our department from 2015 to 2020 and selected 6 patients who developed axillary lymph node metastasis after treatment. These 6 patients all belonged to the N3 stage before treatment, and lymph node metastasis occurred in the axillary area on the same or more severely affected side of the supraclavicular lymph node metastasis. From the occurrence time of axillary lymph node metastasis, the closer the cervical lymph node metastasis to the subclavian region, the earlier and more extensive the axillary lymph node metastasis is. In summary, for patients with supraclavicular lymph node metastasis before treatment, there is a risk of axillary lymph node metastasis after treatment. For patients with supraclavicular lymph node metastasis that is lower or closer to the subclavian area, it is necessary to receive prophylactic radiotherapy in the ipsilateral axillary area during radiotherapy.
Directed physiological networks in the human prefrontal cortex at rest and post transcranial photobiomodulation
Authors: Shahdadian Sadra , Wang Xinlong , Liu Hanli 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Cerebral infra-slow oscillation (ISO) is a source of vasomotion in endogenic (E; 0.005–0.02 Hz), neurogenic (N; 0.02–0.04 Hz), and myogenic (M; 0.04–0.2 Hz) frequency bands. In this study, we quantified changes in prefrontal concentrations of oxygenated hemoglobin (Δ[HbO]) and redox-state cytochrome c oxidase (Δ[CCO]) as hemodynamic and metabolic activity metrics, and electroencephalogram (EEG) powers as electrophysiological activity, using concurrent measurements of 2-channel broadband near-infrared spectroscopy and EEG on the forehead of 22 healthy participants at rest. After preprocessing, the multi-modality signals were analyzed using generalized partial directed coherence to construct unilateral neurophysiological networks among the three neurophysiological metrics (with simplified symbols of HbO, CCO, and EEG) in each E/N/M frequency band. The links in these networks represent neurovascular, neurometabolic, and metabolicvascular coupling (NVC, NMC, and MVC). The results illustrate that the demand for oxygen by neuronal activity and metabolism (EEG and CCO) drives the hemodynamic supply (HbO) in all E/N/M bands in the resting prefrontal cortex. Furthermore, to investigate the effect of transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM), we performed a sham-controlled study by delivering an 800-nm laser beam to the left and right prefrontal cortex of the same participants. After performing the same data processing and statistical analysis, we obtained novel and important findings: tPBM delivered on either side of the prefrontal cortex triggered the alteration or reversal of directed network couplings among the three neurophysiological entities (i.e., HbO, CCO, and EEG frequency-specific powers) in the physiological network in the E and N bands, demonstrating that during the post-tPBM period, both metabolism and hemodynamic supply drive electrophysiological activity in directed network coupling of the PFC. Overall, this study revealed that tPBM facilitates significant modulation of the directionality of neurophysiological networks in electrophysiological, metabolic, and hemodynamic activities.
Identification of Knowledge Anxiety factors among researchers Based on Grounded Theory
Authors: Zhenlei Yu , Chunxia Guo , Lin Song , Boyuan Ma , Qiang He 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Based on a grounded theoretical analysis of interviews and open data, this study develops a model delineating the factors influencing Knowledge Anxiety, encompassing 5 primary categories and 20 subcategories. These categories encompass Academic Characteristics (knowledge quantity, knowledge quality, and knowledge content), Outer Environment (paid marketing, negative feedback, intense competition, and evaluation mechanism), and Cognitive Environment (work stress, scientific research funding, interpersonal relationships, Time limitation, and Cause difficult) which have been identified as external drivers influencing researchers' Knowledge Anxiety. Conversely, Ability Characteristics (scientific literacy, personality traits, English proficiency, and self-expectations) and Emotional Cognition (inertia thinking, negative self-concept, perceived risks, self-efficacy, and knowledge demand) have been recognized as internal drivers impacting researchers' Knowledge Anxiety. Findings reveal that external factors such as Academic Characteristics, Outer Environment, and Cognitive Environment directly impact researchers' susceptibility to Knowledge Anxiety. Internal factors, represented by Individual Competencies and Emotional Perception, also wield significant influence. Furthermore, external forces can affect Knowledge Anxiety either directly or indirectly by interfacing with internal determinants. This study underscores that researchers' Knowledge Anxiety emerges from intricate interactions among diverse factors, rather than stemming from a solitary cause. These insights furnish valuable comprehension and prospective strategies for mitigating Knowledge Anxiety among researchers, ultimately contributing to the advancement of research in this domain.
Counting What Counts: Assessing Quality of Life and its Social Determinants Among Nursing Home Residents with Dementia
Authors: Hoben Matthias , Dymchuk Emily , Doupe Malcolm B , Keefe Janice , Aubrecht Katie , Kelly Christine , Stajduhar Kelli , Banerjee Sube , O'Rourke Hannah M , Chamberlain Stephanie , Beeber Anna , Salma Jordana , Jarrett Pamela , Arya Amit , Corbett Kyle , Devkota Rashmi , Ristau Melissa , Shrestha Shovana , Estabrooks Carole A 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Maximizing quality of life (QoL) is a major goal of care for people with dementia in nursing homes (NHs). Social determinants are critical for residents' QoL. However, similar to the United States and other countries, most Canadian NHs routinely monitor and publicly report quality of care, but not resident QoL and its social determinants. Therefore, we lack robust, quantitative studies evaluating the association of multiple intersecting social determinants with NH residents’ QoL. The goal of this study is to address this critical knowledge gap.
Methods
We will recruit a random sample of 80 NHs from 5 Canadian provinces (Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Nova Scotia, Ontario). We will stratify facilities by urban/rural location, for-profit/not-for-profit ownership, and size (above/below median number of beds among urban versus rural facilities in each province). In video-based structured interviews with care staff, we will complete QoL assessments for each of ~4,320 residents, using the DEMQOL-CH, a validated, feasible tool for this purpose. We will also assess resident’s social determinants of QoL, using items from validated Canadian population surveys. Health and quality of care data will come from routinely collected Resident Assessment Instrument – Minimum Data Set 2.0 records. Knowledge users (health system decision makers, Alzheimer Societies, NH managers, care staff, people with dementia and their family/friend caregivers) have been involved in the design of this study, and we will partner with them throughout the study. We will share and discuss study findings with knowledge users in web-based summits with embedded focus groups. This will provide much needed data on knowledge users' interpretations, usefulness and intended use of data on NH residents’ QoL and its health and social determinants.
Discussion
This large-scale, robust, quantitative study will address a major knowledge gap by assessing QoL and multiple intersecting social determinants of QoL among NH residents with dementia. We will also generate evidence on clusters of intersecting social determinants of QoL. This study will be a prerequisite for future studies to investigate in depth the mechanisms leading to QoL inequities in LTC, longitudinal studies to identify trajectories in QoL, and robust intervention studies aiming to reduce these inequities.
Cascading correlations: a configurational approach to unpacking wicked problems
Authors: Ebbs Geoff , Sanzogni Louis , Houghton Luke 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Purpose
This paper presents an approach for teasing out relationships between concepts when exploring complex fields of enquiry. It presents a simple, numerical approach to configurational analysis by identifying clusters of correlations between concepts, rather than the more intensive process of finding the conceptual clusters in the texts themselves.
Design
The approach was developed through the application of Hamming Distance calculations to crosstabs of standard thematic coding and has been refined and verified through application to a series of case studies and through comparison with the outcomes of other approaches.
Findings
The approach consistently identifies resonance and dissonance between diverse stakeholders with incompatible paradigms. The case studies used to verify this, examined the concepts employed by researchers and practitioners in sustainability transitions in small food businesses and stakeholders in the food export sector. The resonance identified offers starting points for dialogue based on common interests.
Originality/value
The approach is a common-sense extension of mixed-methods cluster-analysis using a configurational lens to identify sets of concepts that are associated with distinct paradigms. In addition to unpacking different viewpoints, it offers additional value as a precursor for comparative analysis that can identify areas of agreement and disagreement and so navigate collaborative pathways through complex problems.