bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time dependence of prognostic factors for patients with soft tissue sarcoma
Authors: Engellau Jacob , Anderson Harald , Rydholm Anders , Bauer Henrik C. F. , Hall Kirsten Sundby , Gustafson Pelle , Åkerman Måns , Meis‐Kindblom Jeanne , Alvegård Thor A. , Nilbert Mef 
Published: April 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDPrognostic factors for metastasis in soft tissue sarcoma govern decisions regarding adjuvant treatment. However, the significance of initial tumor‐related prognostic factors over time is largely unknown.METHODSThe current study included 338 patients with malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) of the extremities or the trunk wall whose tumors were reviewed by the Scandinavian Sarcoma Pathology Review Group. Of these 338 patients, 329 (97%) had high‐grade tumors. The median follow‐up period was 7 years. Metastases occurred in 110 of 338 of patients after a median follow‐up period of 14 months, with roughly one‐third (32 of 110) occurring after 2 years. The authors investigated the prognostic significance of tumor size, tumor depth, histologic grade, microscopic tumor necrosis, vascular invasion, mitotic rate, and local tumor recurrence at various time intervals using metastases as an endpoint.RESULTSOn univariate analysis, all investigated factors were found to be correlated with metastases for the entire follow‐up period and also for the first 2 years of follow‐up; beyond this time point, only size, tumor depth, and local recurrence were significant. On multivariate analysis, necrosis and local tumor recurrence were significant for the entire follow‐up duration and also for the first 2 years of follow‐up, whereas only tumor depth and local recurrence were significant beyond 2 years of follow‐up. For all initial factors, the annual metastasis risks in the high‐risk and low‐risk groups converged to < 0.1 after 2 years and to near 0 after 5 years.CONCLUSIONSPrognostic factors for metastasis in MFH were time dependent. The predictive value of the initial prognostic factors was limited to the first 2 years of follow‐up. The lack of observed prognostic value beyond 2 years of follow‐up probably was attributable to heterogeneity within risk categories as a result of measurement errors and unknown biologic variations. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
High‐dose methotrexate‐induced nephrotoxicity in patients with osteosarcoma
Authors: Widemann Brigitte C. , Balis Frank M. , Kempf‐Bielack Beate , Bielack Stefan , Pratt Charles B. , Ferrari Stefano , Bacci Gaetano , Craft Alan W. , Adamson Peter C. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDHigh‐dose methotrexate (HDMTX)‐induced renal dysfunction can be life threatening, because it delays methotrexate (MTX) excretion, thereby exacerbating the other toxicities of MTX. HDMTX‐induced nephrotoxicity has been managed with high‐dose leucovorin, dialysis‐based methods of MTX removal, thymidine, and with the recombinant enzyme, carboxypeptidase‐G2 (CPDG2), which cleaves MTX to inactive metabolites. The objectives of the current study were to estimate the current incidence of HDMTX‐induced renal dysfunction in patients with osteosarcoma and to compare the efficacy and recovery of renal function for dialysis‐based methods of MTX removal with treatment using CPDG2.METHODSThe literature was reviewed for osteosarcoma trials, use of dialysis‐based methods for MTX removal, and reports of MTX‐induced nephrotoxicity, including information regarding recovery of renal function. Clinical trial databases of select osteosarcoma studies were reviewed. The efficacy of CPDG2 and renal recovery after CPDG2 rescue was obtained from the database of a compassionate‐release trial.RESULTSApproximately 1.8% of patients with osteosarcoma (68 of 3887 patients) who received HDMTX developed nephrotoxicity Grade ≥ 2. The mortality rate among those patients was 4.4% (3 of 68 patients). Dialysis‐based methods of MTX removal were used frequently but had limited effectiveness in removing MTX compared with the rapid reductions > 98% in plasma MTX concentrations achieved with CPDG2. CPDG2 did not appear to increase the time to recovery of renal function compared with supportive treatment that included dialysis‐based methods.CONCLUSIONSHDMTX‐induced renal dysfunction continues to occur in approximately 1.8% of patients with osteosarcoma who are treated on clinical protocols with optimal supportive care. For patients with delayed MTX excretion and high plasma MTX concentrations, CPDG2 should be considered over hemodialysis to lower plasma MTX concentrations rapidly and efficiently. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Fine‐needle aspiration in liposarcoma: Cytohistologic correlative study including well‐differentiated, myxoid, and pleomorphic variants
Authors: Klijanienko Jerzy , Caillaud Jean‐Michel , Lagacé Réal 
Published: April 2004

AbstractWe have reviewed cytopathology and the corresponding histopathology material of 86 liposarcomas (55 patients) seen at Institut Curie. The liposarcomas (LS) were well differentiated in 14 cases (9 pure, 2 dedifferentiated, 3 sclerosing), 64 myxoid, and 8 pleomorphic. Twenty‐four tumors were primary, 34 recurrent, and 28 secondary. Smears in LS were composed in different proportions of round, spindle cells, lipoblasts, and myxoid and vascular arborizing structures. Pure well‐differentiated LS were frequently composed of lipoblasts, and round or spindle cells were occasionally seen. Dedifferentiated and sclerosing liposarcomas were composed of spindle or round cells, but lipoblasts were also occasionally present. Myxoid or vascular arborizing structures were absent. Myxoid LS (including round and spindle cell LS) frequently showed a myxoid background and less frequently vascular arborizing structures. Tumor cells were round or spindle. Lipoblasts were also seen. Pleomorphic LS were composed of an admixture of all cellular and stromal elements. Well‐differentiated LS should be distinguished from hibernoma and spindle cell lipoma, and myxoid LS from myxoma, myxoid chondrosarcoma, chordoma, myxoid leiomyosarcoma, and myxoid malignant fibrous histiocytoma. The demonstration of the specific translocation t(12;16)(q13;p11) of myxoid LS is very helpful to establish the diagnosis. Pleomorphic LS should be differentiated from other high‐grade sarcomas, whenever possible. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2004;30:307–312. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Water‐Soluble Calix[4]arene‐Based Podand Incorporating 4,4′‐Dicarboxy‐2,2′‐bipyridine Chelating Units − Synthesis and Complexation Properties towards Copper Ions
Authors: Psychogios Nicolas , Regnouf‐de‐Vains Jean‐Bernard , Stoeckli‐Evans Helen M. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractA water‐soluble calix[4]arene‐based podand has been prepared by incorporation, at the lower rim, of two 4,4′‐dicarboxy‐2,2′‐bipyridine units in opposite positions. The association between its coordination and hydrophilic properties were beneficial to the complexation and solubilization of copper(I) in water, even in the presence of bovine serum albumin. The ligand and its corresponding CuI complex have been fully characterized, but attempts to crystallize them have been unsuccessful so far. For this reason, the dinuclear ZnCl2 complex of the organic solvent soluble tetraester intermediate has been crystallized, and subjected to X‐ray diffraction analysis, confirming the expected podand‐like structure of the ligand. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Synthesis and Structure of 1‐D Heterometallic Thiocyanato‐Bridged CuIIGdIII Polymers with Ferromagnetic Properties
Authors: Novitchi Ghenadie , Costes Jean‐Pierre , Donnadieu Bruno 
Published: April 2004

AbstractReaction of the tetracoordinate CuLA and CuLB complexes with Gd(NCS)3 leads to two unique one‐dimensional {Cu−Gd}n thiocyanato‐bridged (I) and hydrogen‐bonded (II) polymers, depending on the periphery of the LA and LB ligands, with ferromagnetic properties. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
The First Pure Mesoporous Aluminium Phosphonates and Diphosphonates − New Hybrid Porous Materials
Authors: El Haskouri Jamal , Guillem Carmen , Latorre Julio , Beltrán Aurelio , Beltrán Daniel , Amorós Pedro 
Published: April 2004

AbstractOrganophosphorus moieties have been incorporated into mesoporous ALPOs through a one‐pot surfactant‐assisted procedure leading, for the first time, to periodic mesoporous aluminium phosphonates and diphosphonates. The number of organic groups on the surface or in the network can be modulated continuously up to the maximum incorporation level of the respective organophosphorus entities (100 %). (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
The Allenic Pauson−Khand Reaction in Synthesis
Authors: Alcaide Benito , Almendros Pedro 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe Pauson−Khand (PK) reaction is a formal [2+2+1] cycloaddition involving an alkene, an alkyne and carbon monoxide. The allene moiety represents a versatile and useful building block in organic synthesis. In place of the usual alkene, allene reagents are fascinating substrates in the Pauson−Khand‐type reaction because of their unique reactivity and the synthetic utility of the final products. However, there are significant problems of selectivity. Several studies, most of them recent, have greatly enhanced the synthetic utility of this reaction by the use of allenes instead of alkenes. This paper presents recent advances in the less exploited allenic and dienic variants of the Pauson−Khand‐type cycloaddition. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Aeration recirculation in air and high purity oxygen systems for control of VOC emissions from wastewater aeration basins
Authors: Zhu Hongwei , Keener Tim C. , Bishop Paul L. , Orton Tim L. , Wang Min , Siddiqui Kaniz F. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractA steady state circulating aeration system (CAS) model has been used to study the effects of volatility and degradability on the fate of VOCs in both air and high purity oxygen (HPO) systems. With an increase of the circulation ratio in an air CAS, air emissions by stripping can be significantly reduced for compounds of low degradability and high volatility. Enhancement of biodegradation is more significant for compounds of high degradability and volatility. A large portion of VOCs will remain in the wastewater when the circulation ratio is high, especially for VOCs that are difficult to degrade. In HPO systems, emissions by stripping are much less than in air systems. However, VOCs will remain in the wastewater if they have poor degradability. Volatility of VOCs is not important in HPO systems. Due to their wide range and large uncertainties, degradation rate constants are a major factor determining the effectiveness of a CAS for VOC emission control.
A cost benefit approach to reactor sizing and nutrient supply for biotrickling filters for air pollution control
Authors: Deshusses Marc A. , Cox Huub H. J. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractIn the present paper, a general model was developed that allows the selection of the most cost‐effective operation of biotrickling filters for air pollution control. The model was demonstrated for a typical case of industrial pollution: 10,000 m3 h−1 airstream contaminated with 1.5 g m−3 toluene. The effects of nitrogen (as nitrate) loading on the pollutant elimination capacity and on the rate of biomass growth were considered. Using model simulations, the influence of the nitrate loading on the overall treatment cost was quantified and an optimum nitrate loading was determined. The results suggest that biotrickling filtration is very competitive compared to conventional treatment technologies. For the case studied, a treatment cost optimum was obtained at a nutrient loading of 8 g N‐nitrate per cubic meter bed volume per day. This represents a relatively severe nutrient limitation. The range of nutrient loading for cost effective treatment was about 4 to 30 g N‐nitrate m−3 d−1. Overall, the approach presented herein is widely applicable for the determination of the best reactor design and the optimum reactor operating conditions.
Evaluation of full‐scale biofilter media performance
Authors: Cárdenas‐González Beatriz , Ergas Sarina J. , Switzenbaum Michael S. , Phillibert Norman 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe objective of this study was to characterize the key physical, chemical and biological properties of compost media from a full‐scale biofiltration system used to control VOC emissions. Results of media characterization we re used to assess the need for operational changes and media replacement. Biofilter media properties evaluated included: moisture content, pH, total organic carbon (TOC) and nitrogen content in water extracts and solid matrix, oxygen uptake rates, and microbial plate counts including total heterotrophs, oligotrophs, actinomycetes and fungi. Samples we re taken from various locations and depths in the biofilter after three and five years of system operation. Media moisture content was highly variable, with samples from deeper in the bed dryer than surface samples. Low moisture contents we re associated with low pH values and low oxygen uptake rates. Total organic carbon contents in water extracts we re higher than typical biosolids compost in samples near the inlet to the biofilter, possibly due to extracellular polysaccharides. After five years of use, total nitrogen and organic carbon contents in the solid matrix did not significantly differ from initial levels or those in typical biosolids compost.
Environmental comparison metrics for life cycle impact assessment and process design
Authors: Pennington David W. , Norris Gregory , Hoagland Theresa , Bare Jane C. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractMetrics (potentials, potency factors, equivalency factors or characterization factors) are available to support the environmental comparison of alternatives in application domains like process design and product life‐cycle assessment (LCA). These metrics typically provide relative insights into the implicit concern associated with chemicals, emissions and resource consumption in the context of human health, ecological health and resource depletion. The approaches used to derive the metrics range in their site‐specificity, complexity, comprehensiveness, sophistication and uncertainty. It is therefore often necessary to consider the use of more than one approach within the context of a given impact category to help support a decision. In this paper we outline some of the strengths and weaknesses of available approaches in the commonly considered categories of global warming, tratospheric ozone depletion, tropospheric ozone (smog) creation, eutrophication/nutrification, acidification, toxicological impacts and resource depletion.
The national LCA project in Japan
Authors: Yano Mashashi , Kamiya Kazuhiro 
Published: April 2004

AbstractIn 1995, nineteen industry associations, thirty‐one enterprises and ninety‐six individuals convened to inaugurate the LCA Japan Forum. This organization was established for the primary intention of exchanging information on common underlying problems and new measures regarding LCA among the industries, academia, and government research institutes of Japan. The LCA Japan Forum has proclaimed the urgent need to establish an LCA methodology encompassing a public inventory database and a Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) corresponding with the environmental situation in Japan in order to popularize LCA throughout the nation.
Feasibility of extracting lead from lead battery recycling site soil using high‐concentration chloride solutions
Authors: Nedwed Tim , Clifford Dennis A. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThis paper describes research on a technique for removing lead from soil using 4 ‐6 M chloride solutions at pH 4. Two soils we re studied in this work: (1) a high‐silt, highclay, lead battery recycling site (LBRS) soil and (2) a highsand LBRS soil. Testing determined that a batch‐extraction process using chloride solutions reduced the lead in the high‐silt, high‐clay soil from 67,400 to 1,500–2,000 mg/kg and in the high‐sand soil from 14,400 to 600 mg/kg. Both treated soils passed the EPA's Toxicity Characteristic Leachate Procedure test. In addition, concentrated chloride solutions we re as effective as both EDTA and HCl at removing lead from the high‐silt, high‐clay soil. The ability of chloride solutions to remove lead as efficiently as EDTA while providing easy recovery of the chloride‐complexed lead illustrates the viability of the process.
The membrane contactor: Environmental applications and possibilities
Authors: Klaassen R. , Jansen A. E. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractIn a membrane contactor, separation is fully integrated with another separation technology, such as extraction or absorption, in order to fully exploit the benefits of both technologies. Membrane contactor applications can be found in both water and gas treatment. Several recently developed industrial applications—aromatics recovery from a process water, selective removal of heavy metals from a galvanic process bath, and ammonia recovery from an off gas stream—will be discussed from both technical and economic perspectives to show the wide scope of the technology.
Pollution prevention advances in pulp and paper processing
Authors: Das Tapas K. , Jain Ashok K. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractData collected from a large number of pulp and paper mills across the U.S. show that although there has been a significant increase in pulp production during the last 20–25 years, discharges to the environment have gone down. Over this period total reduced sulfur (TRS) emissions have been reduced by 85%, SO2 emissions have gone down by over 40%, effluent flow has decreased by over 30%, and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and total suspended solids (TSS) have decreased by 75% and 45%, respectively. Paper recovery has increased from 20% to 50%. The recently promulgated Cluster Rule, which links air and water standards, will further reduce environmental releases of hazardous pollutants and chlorinated organics. New and emerging technologies, such as enzyme bleaching, black liquor gasification, cogeneration, production of ethanol from wastewater treatment plant sludges, and beneficial use—including land application—of solids residuals are expected to further reduce emissions.
Supported liquid membranes for removal and recovery of metals from waste waters and process streams
Authors: Ho W. S. Winston , Wang Bing , Neumuller Travis E. , Roller Justin 
Published: April 2004

AbstractSupported liquid membranes (SLMs) are very effective for the removal and recovery of metals from waste waters and process streams since they combine extraction and stripping, into one step. The one‐step membrane process provides the maximum driving force for the separation of a targeted metal, leading to the best possible clean‐up and recovery rates. The stability of the SLM has been ensured with strip dispersion, where the aqueous strip solution is dispersed in the organic membrane solution in a mixer. The strip dispersion formed is circulated from the mixer to the membrane module to provide a constant supply of the organic solution to the membrane pores. We have identified effective SLM systems, operating at a feed pH < 3 for the removal and recovery of copper, zinc, and nickel. Goals of zero discharge and no sludge are achievable.
Microwave process for removal and destruction of volatile organic compounds
Authors: Cha Chang Yul , Carlisle Charlie T. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe CHA microwave‐based gas cleanup process is designed to capture and destroy a wide variety of both chlorinated and non‐chlorinated VOCs, many of which are commonly found at industrial and military sites. In addition, the CHA process also removes the pollutants SO2 and NOx from flue gases. Recently, we constructed a microwave air purification system to remove solvents from spray painting operations and supply recovered solvent vapor to a biofilter field demonstration unit at Tyndall Air Force Base in Panama, Florida. The potential applications and laboratory test results of the microwave air purification process are presented.
Effect of slide track shape on the wear of ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene in a pin‐on‐disk wear simulation of total hip prosthesis
Authors: Saikko Vesa , Calonius Olof , Keränen Jaakko 
Published: April 2004

AbstractProsthetic joints appear to show a strong relationship between the type of relative motion and wear, requiring careful consideration in the design of wear simulators. This relationship was studied with a 12‐station pin‐on‐disk device, specifically adapted for the wear simulation of prosthetic hip joints. Each station had a unique motion, characterized by the so‐called slide track, the track of the pin on the disk. The slide track shapes included 10 ellipses, their aspect ratio (AR) varying from 1.1 to 11.0, and a circle and a straight line as extreme cases. Hence for the first time in hip wear simulation, the motion was systematically varied over a wide range. Conventional UHMWPE pins were tested against polished CoCr disks in diluted calf serum three times for 3 million cycles. Below the AR value of 5.5, the polyethylene wear factor and wear mechanisms agreed with clinical observations. Above this value, the wear factor decreased to unrealistically low values, and the wear surface topography differed from that of retrieved acetabular cups. The wear particles, however, were similar to those isolated from periprosthetic tissues, irrespective of the AR value. In conclusion, it is recommended that the AR value be kept well below the critical point of 5.5. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 69B: 141–148, 2004
Properties of super stainless steels for orthodontic applications
Authors: Oh Keun‐Taek , Kim Young‐Sik , Park Yong‐Soo , Kim Kyoung‐Nam 
Published: April 2004

AbstractOrthodontic stainless‐steel appliances are considered to be corrosion resistant, but localized corrosion can occur in the oral cavity. This study was undertaken to evaluate the properties of super stainless steels in orthodontic applications. Accordingly, the metallurgical properties, mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, amount of the released nickel, cytotoxicity, and characteristics of the passive film were investigated. Corrosion resistances of the specimens were high and in the following order: super austenitic stainless steel (SR‐50A) > super ferritic stainless steel (SFSS) = super duplex stainless steel (SR‐6DX) > 316L SS > super martensitic stainless steel (SR‐3Mo) in artificial saliva, 37 °C. At 500 mV (SCE), current densities of SR‐50A, SFSS, SR‐6DX, 316L SS, and SR‐3Mo were 5.96 μA/cm2, 20.3 μA/cm2, 31.9 μA/cm2, 805 μA/cm2, and 5.36 mA/cm2, respectively. Open circuit potentials of SR‐50A, 316L SS, SR‐6DX, SR‐3Mo, and SFSS were − 0.2, − 0.22, − 0.24, − 0.43, and − 0.46 V (SCE), respectively. SR‐50A, SFSS, and SR‐6DX released below 3 ng/ml nickel for 8 weeks, and increased a little with immersion time, and 316L SS released about 3.5 ng/ml nickel, but SR‐3Mo released a large amount of nickel, which increased with immersion time. The study demonstrated that SR‐50A, SR‐6DX, and SFSS have high corrosion resistance and mild or no cytotoxicity, due to the passive film enhanced by synergistic effect of Mo + N or by high addition effect of Cr + W. All super stainless steels showed very low cytotoxicity regardless of their nickel contents, although SR‐3Mo was found to be relatively cytotoxic. From these studies, these steels are considered suitable for orthodontic applications. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 69B: 183–194, 2004