bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carbon composite of NiO hydrothermal impregnation from sugarcane bagasse and its electrochemical properties
Authors: Nasti Al Nadine De , Siburian Kyfti Yolanda , Sembiring Abraham Danofan , Kristianto Hans , Susanti Ratna Frida , Oktaviano Haryo Satriya , Nugroho Agung 
Published: January 2024

Sugarcane bagasse (SB) can synthesize activated carbon (AC) through a two-step calcination process at calcination at 400oC and activation at 800oC. NaOH 0.1 M is used to activate the pre-carbonized sample in the activation step. The AC samples undergo hydrothermal impregnation with nickel oxide (NiO) at 110°C. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern and Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) confirmed the presence of NiO after this process. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) indicates the presence of pore structures in the sample morphology. A three-electrode system with 1 M Na2SO4 as an electrolyte was employed to assess the electrochemical properties. The specific capacitance for activated carbon derived from SB stands at 89.53 F/g at 0.05 A/g current density, while after impregnation with NiO, it increases to 250.53 F/g at the same current density. The results demonstrate the possibility of activated carbon from sugarcane bagasse waste composited with NiO as supercapacitor electrodes.
Overview of Drug Approval Process and Post Approval Changes in Europe
Authors: Navale Sakshi A , Basarkar Ganesh D. 
Published: January 2024

The European Medicines Agency (EMA) is facilitate development and access to medicine, evaluating applications for marketing authorization, monitoring the safety of medicines across their lifecycle and providing information to healthcare professionals and patients.
In order to obtain a marketing authorization in Europe, a medicine must meet a number of criteria before it can be filed with the European Medicines Agency (EMA). This article is looks at the EMA’s Drug approval process and post approval changes. The decentralized regulatory body, or EMA, is in charge of overseeing the safety of food and drug (pharmaceutical products) in Europe. The applications are examined, and member state looks over the safety and effectiveness data before approving the drug. EU establishes 4 different drug approval processes:
1) National Procedure
2) Decentralized Procedure
3) Centralized Procedure
4) Mutual Recognition Procedure
The goal of the current study is to clarify the function of post-approval change management in preventing non-compliance. The current study has concentrated on locating the current regulations and practices in this field and comprehending the fundamental ideas for post approval compliance for licenses relevant to marketing permission. Though change management is essential to a pharmaceutical's lifespan that is the study's main finding. However, the expense of compliance has escalated due to a lack of a clearly defined framework and a lack of understanding of the same, which has led to step-motherly treatment being applied to compliance and license maintenance.
Conclusion
Europe has the highest thought-due approval rates worldwide. The European Medicines Agency (EMA) aims to guarantee that patients in the EU have access to medicines that are of the highest caliber, are reliable, and are secure. Public regulatory agencies have the responsibility of ensuring that pharmaceutical firms follow the law. In order to ensure patient safety and well-being, laws mandate that pharmaceuticals be created, tested, tracked, and manufactured in compliance with the standards. A guideline, in addition to the European legislation that defines variation types, gives out a harmonized list of anticipated variations with categorization codes. A defined list of variations for European
A MA has existed since 1998. Legislation has been amended on a regular basis, and the most recent amendment, in August 2013, made implementation mandatory at the national level, and the variation process was totally harmonized across the EU.
Regulatory Skeleton of Medical Devices in the European Union
Authors: Kalva Soundarya Reddy , Sahitya Reddy Kalva  , Haripriya  
Published: January 2024

‘Medical device’ means any instrument, apparatus, implement, machine, appliance, implant, reagent for in vitro use, software, material or other similar or related article, intended by the manufacturer to be used, alone or in combination, for human beings, for one or more of the specific medical purpose(s). Medical devices make an essential contribution to healthcare in the Europe for the benefit of European citizens. These products must undergo a conformity assessment to demonstrate that they meet legal requirements to ensure they are safe and perform as intended. The European Medicines Agency (EMA) is responsible for the scientific evaluation of a product through centralized marketing authorisation applications (MAA). In order to commercialize medical devices in the European Union, a (European Conformity) CE Mark certificate is needed.
Political Turnover and Audit Opinion: Evidence from China
Authors: He Ku , Pan Xiaofei , Tian Yunlin , Wu Yanling 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
In this study, we examine how political turnover influences auditor reporting behavior by focusing on the turnover of Chinese provincial governors. We predict that the Big 10 audit firms tend to report more conservatively to counter the uncertainties induced by governor turnover, whereas local small audit firms would report more aggressively to help governors conceal local negative information. Using 11,405 audits conducted in the Chinese economy, we find that the Big 10 audit firms report more Modified Audit Opinions (MAOs), whereas local small audit firms render more clean opinions in the pre-turnover than other nonturnover years. We also find that: (1) audit firms readjust their reporting behavior after governor turnover ends; and (2) governor turnover can be well anticipated one year ahead. Overall, our study suggests that political turnover wields a significant influence on auditor reporting behavior and this influence further varies across audit firms.
Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text.
JEL Classifications: D72; M42; M38; M48.
Relative Performance Information and Rule-Breaking: The Moderating Effect of Group Identity
Authors: Ewelt-Knauer Corinna , Knauer Thorsten , Winkelmann Sandra 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
Firms frequently provide relative performance information (RPI) in different environmental contexts. In this experimental study, we investigate how RPI (absent versus present) affects rule-breaking under different levels of group identity (lower versus higher). We refer to performance-improving rule-breaking that increases not only one’s own performance but also overall firm performance. We predict and find that RPI triggers a stronger increase in rule-breaking in cases of higher group identity than in cases of lower group identity. We argue that in the case of lower group identity, individuals mainly follow their own moral standards independently of RPI provision. In contrast, we reason that individuals with higher group identity generally want to impress their fellow group members when RPI is absent by following the rules, but when RPI is present by achieving a high rank through rule-breaking. Our results inform managers about the importance of considering RPI in conjunction with group identity.
Data Availability: Data are available from Sandra Winkelmann.
JEL Classifications: M40; M41.
MARRIAGE CONTRACT THROUGH VISUALIZATION OF ONLINE VIDEO CALL COMMUNICATION MEDIA ACCORDING TO MARRIAGE LAW AND ISLAMIC LAW IN INDONESIA
Authors: Faisal F. , Isnaeni Ahmad , Bahrudin Moh. , Nasruddin N. 
Published: January 2024

Talks about marriage always attract attention, not because it contains discussions about sexuality, but because marriage is a sacred event in religious teachings. Not only as a civil bond between individuals in general, but a bond that has to worship values, and is the longest worship practice in Islamic history. Marriage is valid if the pillars and conditions are met, one of which is ijab and qabul. The problem point arises when the ijab and qabul pledged by the parties are not in the same assembly, but in different places remotely through online communication media video call. To solve this problem, this study uses approach normative theological and normative juridical. Data analysis was carried out qualitatively, and conclusions were drawn using deductive thinking. The results of this study are that the marriage contract through online communication media video call has basically fulfilled the pillars and requirements for a valid marriage and does not conflict with the compilation of Islamic law. However, scholars differ on the validity of the marriage contract through online communication media video calls. This difference of opinion is caused by different understandings of the meaning of “Ittihad al-majlis”. One group of scholars defines it in a physical sense and another group in a non-physical sense.Keywords: Marriage Contract, Online Video Call Communication Media, Marriage Law, Islamic Law.
THE PARADIGM OF JUDGE'S THOUGHTS IN THE SETTLEMENT OF ISLAMIC INHERITANCE CASES AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS ON FAMILY LAW RENEWAL IN INDONESIA (Study on Supreme Court Decision Number 721 K/Ag/2015, Supreme Court Decision Number 218 K/Ag/2016, and Supreme Court Decision Number 331/K/AG/2018)
Authors: Pradikta Hervin Yoki , Faisal F. , Pane Erina , Muafiah Evi 
Published: January 2024

Judges do not only act as mouthpieces of the law and carry out normative and procedural laws and regulations, but also promote a sense of justice in the community. Several Supreme Court decisions such as Supreme Court Decision Number 721 K/Ag/2015, Supreme Court Decision Number 218 K/Ag/2016, and Supreme Court Decision Number 331/K/AG/2018, have illustrated the existence of progressive ijtihad that does not only adhere to positivistic legal reasoning but also to progressive legal reasoning by using the legal discovery method in the form of legal interpretation with a philosophical, empirical and juridical approach. In practice, the decisions mentioned above can be used as permanent jurisprudence by judges in all judicial bodies. The legal values contained in jurisprudence can be used as legal rules in upholding justice and legal certainty. The judge's decision has two important dimensions. First, the decision is a solution for solving Islamic inheritance cases for the disputing parties and outside the parties. Second, as a legal regulation for the future (ius constituendum). Keywords: Judge's Decision, Ijtihad, Progressive, Jurisprudence.
REFLECTION OF A DECADE OF PRE-MARRIAGE GUIDANCE ON FAMILY RESILIENCE IN INDONESIA
Authors: Irfan Muhammad , Khair Damrah , Asnawi Habib Shulton , Firdawaty Linda 
Published: January 2024

The implementation of premarital guidance is based on the fact that so many divorces occur not only among families who have been married for a long time but also experienced by new couples. The state's attention to the integrity and resilience of the household is clearly stated in Law Number 1 of 1974 article 1. This research uses a qualitative (descriptive) method with the type of library research, with a socio-historical and philosophical approach. The analytical method used is qualitative data analysis, while drawing conclusions using deductive thinking. The results of this study indicate that the substance of premarital guidance is to provide basic direction and knowledge for the realization of a sakinah, mawaddah, warahmah family so that integrity and resilience in the household are achieved. The principle of premarital marriage guidance is as an effort to prevent divorce by upholding the mandate of Law no. 1 of 1974 as a representative of the holy book al-Qur'an with the aim of marriage to achieve a happy and eternal family based on God Almighty. Premarital marriage guidance has had an effect on household resilience but still needs to be maximized due to the fact that the divorce rate from year to year has increased. Keywords: Marriage Guidance, Pre-Marriage, Family Resilience.
Married 'Urfi in the View of Contemporary Scholars Sheikh Muhammad Ali Jum'ah
Authors: Rozali M , Hikmah Ulya , Yuliatin Yuliatin 
Published: January 2024

While marriage is an Islamic law and essentially a necessity, there are contradictions between the term and the application of marriage in society. One of them is nikah 'urfi, which is seen as invalid based on the rules of a country but is valid in the view of sharia. This article aims to reveal Muhammad 'Ali Jum'ah's thoughts on nikah 'urfi, furthermore the relevance of nikah 'urfi in the modern era. This article uses a descriptive qualitative approach and literature type by examining writings to solve a problem in a critical and in-depth manner. The approach in this article is to examine the thoughts of Muhammad 'Ali Jum'ah. The results of writing the article found that nikah'urfi is a marriage that fulfills all the pillars and conditions, but is not recorded at the marriage registration institution. Nikah 'urfi is a marriage with complete terms and conditions, this marriage is valid and has been legalized by the Fatwa Institute of Dār al-Ifta' Egypt, through the Fatwa of Mufti Diyar of the Arab Republic of Egypt Muhammad 'Ali Jum'ah. This fatwa was issued due to the prevalence of 'urfi marriage and the high cost of marriage. Contemporary scholars differ in opinion, with some legalizing and others forbidding it in light of current conditions. Keyword: 'Urfi Marriage, The Thought of Muhammad 'Ali Jum'ah
PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR TEMATIK MELALUI PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE TGT PADA SISWA KELAS III SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Yuanisyah Risma Febrian , Sumani Sumani , Markilah Markilah 
Published: January 2024

Abstract: The purpose of this research is to improve thematic learning outcomes by applying the TGT type of cooperative learning model to students. This study uses the Classroom Action Research (PTK) method which consists of planning, implementing, observing, and reflecting. The research subjects were students of class III Elementary School 1 Karangsoko Trenggalek, totaling 30 students consisting of 13 male students and 17 female students. Research data were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. In this study it can be said to be complete if student learning outcomes can meet the specified Minimum Completeness Criteria (KKM), which was 75. Based on the results obtained it can be seen that the application of the TGT type cooperative learning model can improve student learning outcomes. The level of learning completeness in the pre-cycle reaches 33%. Then in cycle I there was an increase of 63%. In cycle II the level of mastery of learning outcomes increased by 87%. Thus it can be concluded that in class III at Elementary School 1 Karangsoko there is an increase in thematic learning outcomes through the application of the TGT type cooperative learning model.Keywords: Cooperative Model, TGT, Learning Outcomes Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar tematik dengan menerapkan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe TGT pada siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) yang terdiri dari perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan, serta refleksi. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas III SDN 1 Karangsoko Trenggalek yang berjumlah 30 siswa yang terdiri dari 13 siswa laki-laki dan 17 siswa perempuan. Data penelitian dianalisis secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Dalam penelitian ini dapat dikatakan tuntas apabila hasil belajar siswa dapat memenuhi Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimal (KM) yang telah ditentukan yakni 75. Berdasarkan hasil yang telah diperoleh terlihat bahwa penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe TGT dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa. Tingkat ketuntasan belajar pada pra siklus mencapai 33%. Kemudian pada siklus I terjadi peningkatan sebesar 63%. Pada siklus II tingkat ketuntasan hasil belajar meningkat sebesar 87%. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa kelas III di SDN 1 Karangsoko terdapat peningkatan hasil belajar tematik melalui penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe TGT.Kata kunci : Model Kooperatif, TGT, Hasil Belajar
Crack Resistance of RC Columns Strengthened By CFRP Under 30% of Uls Loading
Authors: Blikharskyy Yaroslav , Khmil Roman , Selejdak Jacek , Katunský Dušan , Tytarenko Roman , Blikharskyy Zinoviy 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Nowadays, among many existing reinforced concrete (RC) columns, it is impossible to find samples that work only as centrally compressed members – their vast majority work as eccentrically compressed members. On the other hand, the significant volumes of reconstruction in Ukraine will require studies of the work of various RC structures strengthened under different load levels. In addition to choosing the method of strengthening itself, the relevant tasks will be studies of bearing capacity, crack resistance, reliability (including residual resource) of structures, etc. This article presents the method of crack resistance experimental study of eccentrically compressed RC members. The proposed method was tested on unstrengthened (ordinary) and strengthened (in a stretched zone) RC columns; the results of experimental studies for ordinary and strengthened samples were also obtained. The columns were strengthened with a composite material (from many carbon-fiber-reinforced polymers) – the Sika Carbodur S512 strip. The feature of the crack resistance study of columns was that they were strengthened under the initial load level of 30 %. As a result of experimental research on the samples strengthened under load, we stated that the width of the crack decreased on average by about 36 % (at the comparable values of the active load). In turn, the average maximum length of cracks decreased to about 50 % of the height of the cross-section (for unstrengthened samples, this value was approximately 80 %), and the eccentric compressive ultimate load was increased by about 33 %.
Social Determinants of Conducting Innovative Business Activity in the Opinion of the Inhabitants of the Silesian Voivodeship (Poland)
Authors: Suchacka Małgorzata 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This article analyzes the results of social research on the determinants of decision-making in the field of running a business – especially the innovative one. The research was conducted on a sample of 400 inhabitants of the Silesian Voivodeship (Poland). The region of the Silesian Voivodeship is, in this respect, a specific region in Poland - highly urbanized, industrialized with a rich communication and transport infrastructure. The analyzed research was based on the results of a survey conducted using a questionnaire based on selected socio-demographic characteristics, considering the current distribution characterizing the inhabitants of the Silesian Voivodeship. Supporting factors and areas of expected support in starting a business activity were identified, as well as factors limiting the interest and readiness to start such activity. The results indicate that the main obstacles are the lack of financial support for starting, fear of risk, lack of access to information on the possibilities of financial support, frequent changes in legal regulations, lack of updating knowledge regarding the possibilities of financing and starting a business, lack of support in strengthening skills. in managing all areas of management of micro, small and medium-sized enterprises. An interesting result with a sociological dimension is the support of family and relatives in terms of motivation to start a business.
Efektivitas Penerimaan Pesan Dakwah Konvensional Dan Dakwah Online Jamaah Teras Dakwah
Authors: Nisa Wahyu 
Published: January 2024

A da'wah activity can be said to be successful if religious messages are conveyed properly so as to change the mindset and habits of the congregation in a better direction. Usually da'wah is carried out on the pulpit with the lecture method, through someone's actions, and through writing that is easily accessible, such as in newspapers and articles. However, in the current digital era, people are required to adapt and keep abreast of technological developments. The presence of the internet, with its characters that can be accessed anytime and anywhere, allows the development of online da'wah activities. Online preaching makes it easier for mad'u because they don't have to be present face-to-face with preachers to study religion. However, the freedom of internet access is often misused; the entire da'wah video is cut into short videos, which often cause misunderstandings that affect the reception of messages by mad'u. This study aims to: (1) find out the comparison of the effectiveness of conventional da'wah and online da'wah at Teras Da'wah; (2) Knowing whether there is an effect of effectiveness on conventional preaching and online preaching on Teras Dakwah. This study used a descriptive-quantitative approach with the type of comparative research The pretest-posttest control group design used questionnaires and interviews. Based on the results of the independent tests, the sample t-test has a sig. (two-tailed) value of 0.0000.05. So it can be concluded that online da'wah is more effective than conventional da'wah for the Teras Dakwah congregation. Keywords: Effectiveness, online da'wah, conventional da'wah
Analisis Gaya Komunikasi Ustadz Adi Hidayat Dalam Berdakwah
Authors: Pramesti Monica Indriya 
Published: January 2024

Di era sekarang berdakwah tidak selalu tentang ceramah formal yang dilakukan di masjid atau secara tatap muka langsung, namun dakwah di era sekarang bisa dimana saja karena teknologi sekarang semakin canggih. Penggunaan media sosial sekarang sudah marak digunakan untuk alat berdakwah, salah satunya adalah melalui media sosial Youtube. Youtube adalah platform media sosial yang penggunanya dapat membuat, menonton berbagai kelip video. Objek dalam penelitian ini adalah dakwah yang dilakukan ustadz Adi Hidayat secara umum menggunakan data yang bersumber dari youtube . Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gaya komunikasi ustadz Adi Hidayat dalam berdakwah metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan analisi isi.
Formulasi Dakwah Pengembangan Masyarakat Islam: Studi Metode Dakwah Bil-Hal Nabi Muhammad SAW di Madinah
Authors: Riyadi Agus 
Published: January 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi masyarakat Madinah sebelum hijrah dan kondisi masyarakat Madinah sesudah hijrah serta bagaimana formulasi model pengembangan Masyarakat Islam Nabi Muhammad saw di Madinah. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan sejarah. Metode pengumpulan data dengan cara: 1) Library research (riset kepustakaan), dimana data-data yang dipakai adalah data kepustakaan, 2) Dokumentasi untuk memperoleh informasi tentang data-data yang dibutuhkan dalam penelitian, penulis menggunakan metode dokumentasi, yaitu mencari data-data yang berupa, jurnal, dan buku-buku yang menunjung penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertma; kondisi masyarakat Madinah sebelum Nabi hijrah adalah mereka belum memiliki kesatuan akidah dan sering hidup dalam perpecahan. Kedua; kondisi masyarakat Madinah setelah Nabi hijrah adalah terwujudnya realisasi ajaran Islam secara total dalam segala aspek kehidupan masyarakat Madinah. Ketiga, formulasi model dakwah pengembangan masyarakat Islam yang digunakan Nabi Muhammad SAW adalah pengembangan masyarakat lokal (locality development) meliputi aspek ekonomi dan aspek sosial, perencanaan sosial (social planning) meliputi aspek sosial, politik serta pendidikan dan model pengembangan masyarakat aksi sosial (social action) meliputi: pembangunan masjid, mempersaudarakan kaum muslim (Muhajirin dan Anshar) dan Piagam Madinah. Ketiga model pengembangan masyarakat tersebut merupakan dakwah bil-hal.