bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Unique Chelating Effect of Sc(OTf)3 to Organofluorine Compounds
Authors: Kajiro Hiroshi , Mori Atsunori , Nishihara Yasushi , Hiyama Tamejiro 
Published: June 2003

Abstract
The scandium trifluoromethanesulfonate-catalyzed cleavage of acetate bearing two or three fluorine atoms at a position β to an acetoxy group proceeds exceptionally rapidly. The high efficiency of the hydrolysis is caused by a chelating effect of scandium with the fluorine atoms and an acetate moiety.
Determination of the Absolute Configurations of Norte’s Obtusenynes by Total Syntheses of (12R,13R)-(−)- and (12S,13R)-(+)-Obtusenynes
Authors: Awakura Daisuke , Fujiwara Kenshu , Murai Akio 
Published: June 2003

Abstract
The total syntheses of (12R,13R)-(−)-obtusenynes and (12S,13R)-(+)-obtusenynes were achieved. The absolute configurations of the obtusenynes isolated by Norte from Laurencia pinnatifida were clarified as the former.
Electronic Factors in the C-Glycosidation with Silylacetylene
Authors: Isobe Minoru , Saeeng Rungnapha , Nishizawa Rena , Konobe Masato , Nishikawa Toshio 
Published: June 2003

Abstract
Two kinds of electronic factors have been clarified to control the reactivity in alkynylation of glycals with silylacetylenes. One is that the reactivity of nucleophile silylpropargyl alcohol derivative largely depends on the protecting group. The second factor is found in the similar electrophiles as oxocarbenium intermediates that were generated from glucals or galactals. Diminished reactivity was found with the 4-axial substituents such as acetoxy or methoxy group.
Efficient Photooxygenation of Olefins by a C60 Derivative Bearing an Organofluorine Tail
Authors: Nagashima Hideo , Hosoda Koji , Abe Tomoaki , Iwamatsu Shoichi , Sonoda Takaaki 
Published: June 2003

Abstract
A C60 derivative bearing an organofluorine tail through the dimethylsilyl moiety (1) was proved to be an efficient photosensitizer in C6F6. Photooxygenation of olefins or dienes was accomplished by catalysis of 1 (0.5–1.5 mol%) at room temperature under an oxygen atmosphere.
A Kinetic Assay for Cytochrome b5 Based on Electron Transfer to Cytochrome c
Authors: Tani Hirofumi , Akasaka Toshifumi , Kamidate Tamio 
Published: June 2003

Abstract
Cytochrome b5-mediated electron-transfer reaction from NADH to cytochrome c was exploited for the determination of cytochrome b5. A linear relationship between cytochrome b5 concentration and the reducing rate of cytochrome c was obtained in the range of 15-700 pM.
The First Evidence for the Acceleration of Dissolution Process of Oxygen into Water by a Homogeneous Magnetic Field
Authors: Kishioka Shin-ya , Aogaki Ryoichi 
Published: June 2003

Abstract
Homogeneous magnetic field effect on dissolved oxygen from atmosphere was investigated by electrochemical measurement. Under a homogeneous magnetic field, amounts of dissolved oxygen during initial 10 min increased linearly with a magnetic flux density up to 1.0 T and over 1.0 T it showed almost constant value.
Green-Blue Photoluminescence from a Novel Silicon-Containing Alternating Copolymer
Authors: Chen Zhi-Kuan , Lai Yee-Hing , Chan Hardy Sze-On , Ng Siu-Choon , Huang Wei 
Published: June 2003

Abstract
A novel silicon-containing copolymer with an alternating structure, poly[(5-decyldimethylsilyl-1,3-phenylenevinylene)-alt-(2,5-didodecyloxy-1,4-phenylenevinylene)], is synthesized through the Wittig reaction. The polymer is a promising green-blue emissive material for light-emitting device application due to its good solubility, high thermal stability, and intense photoluminescence.
The Solvothermal Synthesis for Nanocrystalline FeIn2S4 at Low Temperature
Authors: Lu Qingyi , Hu Junqing , Tang Kaibin , Qian Yitai , Zhou Guien , Liu Xianming 
Published: June 2003

Abstract
5 nm thiospinel FeIn2S4 nanocrystallines were prepared through a solvothermal process at 280 °C. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) reveal that the product was nanocrystalline FeIn2S4, with cubic cell, and uniform spherical particle morphology. The factors to the formation of uniform FeIn2S4 nanocrystallines with a narrow size distribution were discussed also.
One-Pot Synthesis of 2,3-Disubstituted Naphtho[2,3-b]thiophene-4,9-diones from a 2-Sulfenyl-1,4-naphthoquinone and Enamines
Authors: Kobayashi Kazuhiro , Furuta Yoshihisa , Matsuoka Hideki , Uchida Masaharu , Morikawa Osamu , Konishi Hisatoshi 
Published: June 2003

Abstract
The title naphthothiophenequinone derivatives were generally synthesized in one-pot using a tandem conjugate addition–cyclization sequence between 2-[2-(ethoxycarbonyl)ethyl]thio-1,4-naphthoquinone and enamines, derived from cyclic and acyclic ketones.
Large Flexibility of Dihydrofolate Reductase as Revealed by Temperature Effects on the Volume and Compressibility
Authors: Kamiyama Tadashi , Ohmae Eiji , Gekko Kunihiko 
Published: June 2003

Abstract
The partial specific volume and adiabatic compressibility of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) from Escherichia coli remarkably increased as temperature was higher, corresponding to the conformational changes as revealed by spectroscopic measurements. These results demonstrate that this protein has a highly flexible structure at the native state whose tertiary structure or hydrophobic core is easily expanded with temperature to produce the internal cavities.
Synthetic Study of C-1027 Chromophore: Enantioselective Synthesis of β-Tyrosine Moiety and Effective Aryl Ether Formation
Authors: Sato Itaru , Kikuchi Tsukasa , Hirama Masahiro 
Published: June 2003

Abstract
The β-tyrosine moiety of C-1027 chromophore (1) was enantioselectively synthesized and efficiently coupled with propargylic epoxide (2) using CsF.
Synthesis of a Novel Bismesoionic Phenylsydnonyl-Münchnone System as an in-situ Intermediate Intended for the Preparation of Phenylsydnonyl-Heterocycles
Authors: Lo Chok Wah , Chan Wing Lai , Szeto Yau Shan , Yip Chiu Wing 
Published: June 2003

Abstract
The title bismesoionic system was generated in-situ by the treatment of N-(3-phenylsydnonyl-4-carbonyl)-N-substituted amino acid with acid anhydride. The sydnonyl münchnone reacted with DMAD and gave phenylsydnonyl-pyrrole.
7,7,8,8-Tetra(2-thienyl)-p-quinodimethanes. New Electron-Donating p-Quinodimethanes
Authors: Kurata Hiroyuki , Inase Maki , Oda Masaji 
Published: June 2003

Abstract
Tetra(2-thienyl)-p-quinodimethanes, a new family of electron-rich p-quinodimethane, show good amphoteric redox properties: in particular, the tetrakis(methylthio) derivative is an excellent electron-donor to form charge transfer complexes of good electrical conductivity.
Structures of Four Types of Novel High-Valent Manganese Complexes Obtained by the Reactions of KMnO4 with Tridentate Schiff Base Ligands
Authors: Asada Hideyuki , Ozeki Minoru , Fujiwara Manabu , Matsushita Takayuki 
Published: June 2003

Abstract
Four types of novel manganese complexes, MnIV (N-EtO-sal)2, MnIII(N-PhO-sal)(L), [MnIV(5,6-Benzo-L)2 (μ-O)2]2, and MnIII(L-4-Me)3 have been found to be obtained by the reactions of KMnO4 with tridentate Schiff base ligands (N-EtOH-salH, N-PhOH-salH and their derivatives) in dry MeCN, where N-EtOH-salH, N-PhOH-salH, LH, 5,6-Benzo-LH, and L-4-MeH denote N-2-hydroxyethyl-salicylideneamine, N-2-hydroxyphenyl-salicylideneamine, 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-benzoxazole, 2-(2-hydroxynaphthyl)-benzoxazole, and 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methylbenzoxazole, respectively.
Bonding States of He, Ne and Ar in Solid C60
Authors: Ichimura Kenji , Imaeda Kenichi , Inokuchi Hiroo 
Published: June 2003

Abstract
He, Ne and Ar are intercalated in a lattice of C60 under the conditions of ambient temperature and pressure. The mass-analyzed thermal desorption reveals that rare gases are desorbed above 400 K and their desorption amounts are not in impurity level but in stoichiometric level. X-Ray photoelectron spectra in the C1s and valence band regions show different peak profiles. These results indicate that He, Ne and Ar atoms in a C60 lattice are in the bonding state.
Electron Spin-Echo Envelope Modulation Spectral Properties of Amidate Nitrogen Coordinated to Oxovanadium(IV) Ion
Authors: Fukui Kôichi , Fujii Hiroshi , Ohya-Nishiguchi Hiroaki , Kamada Hitoshi 
Published: June 2003

Abstract
Electron spin-echo envelope modulation (ESEEM) measurements have been performed for a VO2+-amidate complex, [VIVO(hybeb)]2− (H4hybeb = 1,2-bis(2-hydroxybenzamido)benzene). ESEEM spectroscopic properties of the amidate 14N nucleus have been characterized for the first time (|Aiso| = 6.70 MHz; e2qQ/h = 2.5 MHz, η = 0.04) to provide a basis for the studies of vanadium-peptide interactions. The electronic structure of the amidate nitrogen is discussed.
2-Bromo-1-ethyl Pyridinium Tetrafluoroborate (BEP): A Powerful Coupling Reagent for N-Methylated Peptide Synthesis
Authors: Li Peng , Xu Jie Cheng 
Published: June 2003

Abstract
2-Bromo-1-ethyl pyridinium tetrafluoroborate (BEP) was firstly utilized to the synthesis of peptides containing N-methyl amino acid residues both in solution and solid phase, and demonstrated high reactivity, low racemization and excellent yields, which were approved by the successful synthesis of a series of oligopeptides and hindered peptide fragments, such as the 8-11 segment of Cyclosporine A and the pentapeptide moiety of Dolastatin 15.
Pyrolytic Formation of C19 Isoprenoid Hydrocarbons from Dihydrophytol: in Relation to the Genesis of Pristane in Petroleum
Authors: Ishiwatari Mariko , Yamada Keita , Ishiwatari Ryoshi 
Published: June 2003

Abstract
This study was concluded to elucidate a pathway for formation of C19 isoprenoid hydrocarbons (isops) in petroleum from chlorophylls. C19 isops are predominantly produced when dihydrophytol is heated at 320 °C for a period ranging from 1 to 5 h under vacuum while C20 isops are predominantly produced when chlorophyll a or phytol is heated. A radical chain reaction of decomposition of dihydrophytol is proposed as plausible pathway for producing C19 isops.
Separation and Concentration of Trace Lead by Coprecipitation with Yttrium Phosphate
Authors: Kagaya Shigehiro , Araki Yasuko , Hasegawa Kiyoshi 
Published: June 2003

Abstract
Yttrium phosphate coprecipitates quantitatively lead and iron(III) and hardly does chromium(III), manganese(II), cobalt, nickel, copper, and zinc and alkali and alkaline earth metals at pH about 3. The determination of lead separated and concentrated by the coprecipitation was demonstrated using flame atomic absorption spectrometry.
Voltammetric Behaviors of Lectin-Sugar Binding Using Au Electrode Modified with Galactosamine
Authors: Sugawara Kazuharu , Ueda Ken , Kuramitz Hideki , Hoshi Suwaru , Akatsuka Kunihiko , Tanaka Shunitz 
Published: June 2003

Abstract
Voltammetric behaviors of binding between soybean agglutinin (SBA) having sites for galactosamine and the sugar were investigated. A self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of galactosamine was designed on an Au electrode surface, and SBA-galactosamine interaction was monitored through ferrocyanide ion as marker. Electrode responses of ferrocyanide ion decreased with increasing the concentrations of the SBA. This is because SBA selectively combines to sugar part on the electrode surface. To confirm the binding, voltammetric behaviors of several lectins not having sites for galactosamine were compared to that of SBA.
Preparation of Plate-shaped Crystals of Li2MnO3 by Reaction at a Solid/LiCl-Flux/Air Interface in a Tilted Crucible
Authors: Tang Weiping , Kanoh Hirofumi , Ooi Kenta 
Published: June 2003

Abstract
Plate-shaped crystals of Li2MnO3, red-colored with glossy surface, were obtained over a tilted crucible by LiCl flux evaporation at 923 K for 5 days. The growth of the Li2MnO3 crystal plates proceeded at the interface of three phases, i.e. the LiCl flux, the precipitated powder, and the atmosphere on the tilted crucible. The moving solid-liquid-air interface due to the continuous evaporation of LiCl flux plays an important role in the growth of Li2MnO3 crystal plate.
Formation of Zirconacyclohexadienes from Zirconacyclopentadienes and LiCHClSiR3
Authors: Xi Zhenfeng , Huo Shouquan , Noguchi Yoshinori , Takahashi Tamotsu 
Published: June 2003

Abstract
Six-membered zirconacyclohexadienes were formed by insertion of LiCHClSiR3 into zirconacyclopentadienes.
Highly Diastereoselective Photochromic Cyclization of a Bisthienylfulgide
Authors: Yokoyama Yasushi , Sagisaka Toshiya , Yamaguchi Yoshiro , Yokoyama Yayoi , Kiji Jitsuo , Okano Tamon , Takemoto Akiko , Mio Shin-ya 
Published: June 2003

Abstract
A fulgide, 3,4-bis[1-(2,5-dimethyl-3-thienyl)ethylidene]-3,4-dihydro-2,5-furandione, was synthesized by Pd-catalyzed carbonylation of the corresponding 2-butyne-1,4-diol derivative. UV-irradiation to the ZZ-form in toluene resulted in the formation of two diastereomeric colored forms by way of EE- and EZ-forms. The colored form from the EE-form was predominant in 90% de.
A Density Functional Study for Hydrogen Bond Energy by Employing Real Space Grids
Authors: Takahashi Hideaki , Hori Takumi , Wakabayashi Tadafumi , Nitta Tomoshige 
Published: June 2003

Abstract
In order to examine the efficiency of a nobel real space grid method for density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the hydrogen bond energy of the water dimer was computed. It was demonstrated that the real space grid augmented by double grid near the atomic core can yield a realistic hydrogen bond energy curve of the water dimer.
Ni-Catalyzed Homocoupling of 3-Halopropenoates in the Presence of Water: Formation of Hexendioates
Authors: Kotora Martin , Matsumura Hiroshi , Takahashi Tamotsu 
Published: June 2003

Abstract
Homocoupling of (Z)-3-halopropenoates using a catalytic amount of NiCl2 and Zn in the presence of water in pyridine afforded a mixture of (Z)- and (E)-3-hexenedioates.
Reaction of a Stable Silylene–Isocyanide Complex with Nitrile Oxides: A New Approach to the Generation of a Silanone
Authors: Takeda Nobuhiro , Tokitoh Norihiro , Okazaki Renji 
Published: June 2003

Abstract
An overcrowded silanone [Tbt(Mes)Si=O; Tbt = 2,4,6-tris[bis(trimethylsilyl)methyl]phenyl, Mes = mesityl] (8) was generated via intermediary 1,2,4-oxazasiletes by the reaction of a stable silylene–isocyanide complex with nitrile oxides. In a THF solution, silanone 8 underwent intramolecular cyclization with migration of a trimethylsilyl group in Tbt group to the oxygen atom of the Si=O double bond.
Addition of Dichloro- and Dibromocarbene to 1,2-Diphenylcyclobutene
Authors: Wagner Robert A , Weber Jürgen , Brinker Udo H 
Published: June 2003

Abstract
1,2-Diphenylcyclobutene (7) was reacted with dibromo- and dichlorocarbene, both generated via three different methods. 1,3-Diphenyl-2-halocyclopenta-1,3-dienes 12 were isolated which result from addition of the dihalocarbenes to the cyclobutene double bond of 7. A cationic cyclopropyl-allyl rearrangement (CCA) in gem-dihalobicyclopentanes 8 leads to 2,3-dihalocyclopentenes 9, which under the reaction conditions are dehydrohalogenated to 12. A second carbene addition and rearrangement afford aromatic compounds 11 and 16.
Preparation, Structures and Properties of Novel Mono- and Trinuclear Iron(III) Complexes with Mixed Ligands
Authors: Nakamura Toshio , Kuranuki Etsuko , Niwa Kenshin , Fujiwara Manabu , Matsushita Takayuki 
Published: June 2003

Abstract
Novel mono- and trinuclear iron(III) complexes with mixed ligands, FeIII(acac)(N-PhO-sal)(MeOH) 1 and FeIII3(acac)(N-PhO-sal)4 2 have been prepared and characterized, where acacH and N-PhOH-salH denote acetylacetone and N-2-hydroxyphenyl-salicylideneamine, respectively. The variable temperature magnetic susceptibilities (2-350 K) for complex 2 indicate that there is an intramolecular antiferromagnetic interaction among the iron(III) ions, and that spin-crossover behavior may take place from S = 5/2, 5/2 and 5/2 ground states to S = 1/2, 5/2 and 1/2 (Fe1, Fe2 and Fe1*) near 60 K and below.
Association and Guest-induced Dissociation of a Novel α-Helix Peptide Bearing Pyrene and γ-Cyclodextrin in the Side Chains
Authors: Hossain Mohammed Akhter , Hamasaki Keita , Mihara Hisakazu , Ueno Akihiko 
Published: June 2003

Abstract
A designed α-helix peptide, γ-PR17, which bears γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD) and pyrene units, exhibits both monomer and excimer emissions, indicating that γ-PR17 forms an association dimer that could be dissociated upon addition of hyodeoxycholic acid as a guest for γ-CD.
Dramatic Increase in Thermal Stability by Partial Phenylethynylation at the Silicon Center in Poly[(dihydrosilylene)-1,3-phenylene]
Authors: Reddy Poreddy Narsi , Hayashi Teruyuki , Tanaka Masato , Itoh Masayoshi 
Published: June 2003

Abstract
Partial ethynylation of the Si-H in poly[(dihydrosilylene)(1,3-phenylene)] dramatically increases thermal stability of the polymer. The Td5 value observed for [SiH1.44(C≡CPh)0.56(1,3-C6H4)]n is 820 °C, which is much higher than the value (586 °C) of a commercial polyimide (Kapton, DuPont).
A New Feature of Bifunctional Catalysis. Cyclodextrins Bearing Two Imidazole Moieties as Hydrolysis Enzyme Model
Authors: Lee Woo-Sang , Ueno Akihiko 
Published: June 2003

Abstract
β-Cyclodextrin derivatives bearing two imidazole rings at AC, AD glucose residues (AC and AD isomers) exhibit much higher catalytic activity in hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl acetate than AB isomer, showing a bell-shaped pH profile with a peak at pH 7.2. They accelerate the hydrolysis of Boc-alanine-p-nitrophenyl ester with remarkable d-substrate preference.
Carrier Mobilities in a Regioregular Poly(3-octylthiophene) Film at Various Oxidation Stages
Authors: Kunugi Yoshihito , Harima Yutaka , Yamashita Kazuo , Ohta Nobuaki , Ito Sotaro 
Published: June 2003

Abstract
Apparent mobilities of positive charge carriers in a regioregular poly(3-octylthiophene) film in varying oxidation states were successfully evaluated by using electrochemical techniques. Electrochemical ClO4− doping caused a decrease of the mobility by about one order of magnitude until the doping level reached about 2%. Further electrochemical doping resulted in the drastic increase of the mobilities up to 0.5 cm2 V−1 s−1 at a maximum doping level of 23%.
Preparation of Highly Dispersed Cu on TiO2 Using Cu(II) Complexes
Authors: Nagashima Koji , Kokusen Hisao , Ueno Norieda , Matsuyoshi Ayako , Kosaka Tomomi , Hasegawa Miki , Hoshi Toshihiko , Ebitani Kohki , Kaneda Kiyotomi , Aritani Hirofumi , Hasegawa Sadao 
Published: June 2003

Abstract
TiO2-supported Cu samples were prepared by using several Cu precursors, and isolated Cu2+ ions and their behavior of thermal reduction were evaluated by means of ESR spectroscopy. Only 50% of Cu2+ were reduced to Cu+ or Cu0 by using cupric nitrate as a precursor. Highly dispersed Cu ions on TiO2 could be obtained by using Cu2+ complexes (Cu(acac)2 and Cu(dbm)2) as a precursor.
The Fast Photovoltaic Response from Multilayer by Alternate Layer-by-layer Assembly of Polycation and Bacteriorhodopsin
Authors: Li Meiling , Li Baofang , Jiang Long , Tussila Tapio , Tkachenko Nikolai , Lemmetyinen Helge 
Published: June 2003

Abstract
A thin multilayer film, formed by alternate deposition of poly(dimethyldiallylammonium chloride) (PDAC) and bacteriorhodopsin (bR) (pH = 9), generated a photovoltage with defined polarities upon one flash excitation. Three time constants of 2.59 µs, 13.64 µs and 58.03 µs fitting to the kinetics of photovoltage were assigned to the decay of K, L1 and L2 intermediates of bR photocycle respectively. The positive photovoltage accompanying the formation of M indicated that the cytoplasmic side of PM fragments was directed toward the substrate.
Photochromism of Bis Schiff Base N,N′-Bis(Salicylidene)-1,2-Cyclohexanediamine
Authors: Zhao Jianzhang , Zhao Bing , Liu Juzheng , Ren Aimin , Feng Jikang 
Published: June 2003

Abstract
The photochromism of N,N′-bis(salicylidene)-1,2-cyclohexanediamine was studied by time-dependent UV-Vis absorption spectra, fluorescence spectra and INDO/SCI methods. The photo-product was determined to be the two-proton-transferred cis-keto form.
Synthesis of Pentamethyl-monohydro[60]fullerene C60Me5H and Its Use as Cyclopentadienyl-Type Ligand Precursor
Authors: Sawamura Masaya , Toganoh Motoki , Kuninobu Yoichiro , Kato Seiichi , Nakamura Eiichi 
Published: June 2003

Abstract
Pentamethyl-monohydro[60]fullerene C60Me5H has been synthesized through five-fold addition of methylcopper reagent to C60. The anion C60Me5− generated by deprotonation of C60Me5H forms organometallic complexes with K+ and Tl+ ions with stronger metal-carbon interaction than that in the corresponding pentaphenylated ligand C60Ph5−.
Effect of Molecular Sieves and Methanol on the endo-Selectivity in La(Otf)3-catalyzed Cyclization of 5-Hydroxy-2-methoxymethyl-1,2-epoxide System
Authors: Tokiwano Tetsuo , Fujiwara Kenshu , Murai Akio 
Published: June 2003

Abstract
Molecular sieves improved the reproducibility of the cyclization catalyzed by La(Otf)3 in the 5-hydroxy-2-methoxymethyl-1,2-epoxide system, and addition of methanol raised the desired endo-selectivity.
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of a Water-soluble Gold(I) Complex, {K3[Au(mba)2]}2 Formed by 2-Mercaptobenzoic Acid (H2mba), with Aurophilic Interaction in the Solid-State
Authors: Nomiya Kenji , Noguchi Ryusuke , Sakurai Tomohiro 
Published: June 2003

Abstract
Medicinally active, water-soluble and anionic gold(I) complex {K3[Au(mba)2]}2 1 formed by 2-mercaptobenzoic acid (H2mba) was isolated and its crystal structure determined. The molecular structure in the solid-state comprised a dimeric (AuS2)2 core through a short gold(I)-gold(I) contact (3.1555(7) Å), i.e., the aurophilic interaction.
Crystallization of Newly Synthesized Syndiotactic Graft Copolymers
Authors: Senoo Kazunobu , Endo Kiyoshi , Murakami Syozo , Tosaka Masatoshi 
Published: June 2003

Abstract
Crystallization behavior of newly synthesized syndiotactic graft copolymers of polystyrene having side chains of atactic polystyrene (APS) or of polyisoprene were studied. The APS side chains were found to have rather strong effect to prevent crystallization of the main chain of syndiotactic polystyrene.
Enhancing the NO/C3H8/O2 Reaction by Using H2 over Ag/Al2O3 Catalysts under Lean-Exhaust Conditions
Authors: Satokawa Shigeo 
Published: June 2003

Abstract
We examine the effect of H2 on the selective reduction of NO by C3H8 over Ag/Al2O3 catalysts under lean-exhaust conditions. The NO reduction activity caused by C3H8 at low temperature (590-760 K) is greatly increased by adding H2 in the presence of excess oxygen and water vapor.
Electrochemistry of Poly(3,4‐alkylenedioxythiophene) Derivatives
Authors: Groenendaal L. , Zotti G. , Aubert P.‐H. , Waybright S.M. , Reynolds J.R. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractAn overview of the electrochemistry of poly(3,4‐alkylenedioxythiophene)s (PXDOTs) is presented. As a class of conducting and electroactive polymers that can exhibit high and quite stable conductivities, a high degree of optical transparency as a conductor, and the ability to be rapidly switched between conducting doped and insulating neutral states, PXDOTs have attracted attention across academia and industry. Numerous fundamental aspects are addressed here in detail, ranging from the electrochemical synthesis of PXDOTs, a variety of in‐situ characterization techniques, the broad array of properties accessible, and morphological aspects. Finally, two electrochemically‐driven applications, specifically electrochromism and chemical sensors of PXDOTs are discussed.