bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A New Perspective on the Protection of Whistleblowers Under Echr: Halet V Luxembourg
Authors: Kafteranis Dimitrios , Andreadakis Stelios 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The Luxleaks scandal, which had garnered widespread attention in 2014 and implicated A. Deltour and R. Halet, has taken a significant turn with the recent publication of the Grand Chamber’s decision in favour of Mr Halet. Initially, Deltour was officially recognised as a whistleblower by the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) in defence of the actions he took, while Halet faced condemnation for lacking whistleblower status. Halet had previously brought his case before the ECtHR, alleging a violation of his right to freedom of expression. However, the ECtHR’s judgment in February 2023 ultimately upheld the right to freedom of expression, marking a pivotal moment in this legal saga.
The judgment itself focused on two critical criteria for safeguarding whistle-blowers within the framework of freedom of expression: assessing the damage caused to the employer and determining whether such damage could be outweighed by the public interest, as well as evaluating the severity of the imposed sanctions.
This contribution aims to provide a critical assessment of the Luxleaks case up until the the ECtHR’s Grand Chamber decision. As this analysis will argue, the judgment holds immense significance as it introduces a fresh perspective on the notions of damage and public interest in the context of the Court’s established jurisprudence concerning whistleblower protection.
Soil Erosion Estimation of Wadi Medjerda in Algeria Using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) through GIS
Authors: Allaoui Karima , Mansouri Rachid , Dorbani Meriem 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Water erosion is a major problem in the semi-arid environments of Algeria. In this vein, the objective of this study is to use the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) on the watershed of Medjerda which is located at the extreme of the North-Eastern part of the Algerian territory. Based on the crossing of various factors in raster mode under ArcGIS allows the production of diverse thematic maps corresponding to multiple factors: erosivity of precipitations, erodibility of soils, topography, the vegetal cover and the anti-erosive practices. Moreover, the risks’ map of water soil erosion was obtained depending on the combination of the previous thematic maps with four class risks has been made up indicating an average erosion value of 2.68 t/ha/year. However, this value is relatively reasonable in relation to the given rate by the interpretation of the bathymetric measures carried out in the Ain Dalia dam.
exotización hollywoodense de Colombia mediante la relación civilización-barbarie y el tratamiento de su espacio como jardín-desierto
Authors: Méndez Mihura María Ximena 
Published: January 2024

Este trabajo se propone visibilizar cómo ha sido representada Colombia en una película de Hollywood, industria que en muchos films se ha preocupado por mostrar este país y a sus habitantes. Por medio del análisis de Romancing The Stone(1984), de Robert Zemeckis, mostraremos una particular visión de Colombia, exotizada mediante diferentes recursos. En algunos momentos mediante la confusión o el vínculo estrecho con México y lo mexicano; en otros, por el enlace con lo peligroso o con lo exótico. Siguiendo a Tudor (1989), se observará que la relación civilización-barbarie plantea en realidad otros dos grandes ejes simbólicos que utilizan los realizadores de películas para tratar el espacio: el jardín y el desierto.
Palabras clave: Colombia, México, América Latina, Civilización, Barbarie
Debut sexual, uso de métodos anticonceptivos y aspiraciones educativas en un grupo de madres adolescentes en Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua
Authors: Martínez Canizales Georgina 
Published: January 2024

En este trabajo se analizan diversas conductas sobre sexualidad y las expectativas educativas de un grupo de madres adolescentes en Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua. El objetivo es conocer el contexto en el que ocurre el embarazo adolescente y cómo afecta las expectativas que sobre su formación educativa tienen las adolescentes, así como aquellos factores que limitan o facilitan la continuación de sus estudios cuando ellas así se lo han planteado.

Se entrevistó a 67 jóvenes con embarazo adolescente provenientes de diversos puntos de Ciudad Juárez, con el común denominador de provenir de poblaciones de escasos recursos. Este estudio tiene una aproximación cualitativa. La recolección de información se llevó a cabo mediante 7 grupos focales y un cuestionario que proporcionó información sociodemográfica básica sobre las jóvenes y sus familias.

Los resultados muestran que gran parte de las jóvenes debutan sexualmente en el contexto de una relación de pareja, la mitad utilizó algún anticonceptivo en su debut sexual; sin embargo, conforme se afianzó la relación dejaron de verlo como necesario. Poco más de la mitad dijo no haber planeado su embarazo. Más de la mitad de las jóvenes ya había dejado la escuela antes del embarazo, una buena parte de éstas no se planteaba continuar sus estudios. Las jóvenes que siguieron estudiando vieron favorecida su permanencia por el apoyo familiar para el cuidado de los hijos: quienes no tuvieron apoyo familiar, o cuya necesidad económica era mayor, tuvieron que posponer sus planes educativos.

Palabras clave: Embarazo adolescente, Ciudad Juárez, Educación, Anticoncepción
A cidadania brasileira entre democracia e neoliberalismo:
Authors: Verbicaro Loiane Prado , Silva Paulo Henrique Araújo da 
Published: January 2024

O presente artigo investiga de que maneira os compromissos por igualdade social determinados pela Constituição de 1988 são comprometidos pelos ditames neoliberais de expansão e liberdade do mercado, que se manifesta tanto na forma de um projeto de Estado austero quanto de uma cidadania mercadológica. Foi empregado o método dialético, uma abordagem transdisciplinar que permite a superação de uma visão liberal, dogmática e acrítica do mundo e a percepção de contradições entre a relação jurídica e a formação econômica, política e histórica de uma sociedade. A revisão sistemática da bibliografia foi a técnica selecionada, esta que possui uma natureza qualitativa e exploratória como forma de fornecer uma compreensão contra-hegemônica que permite uma visão dos direitos como fenômenos sociopolíticos em disputa. A partir de uma análise crítica da bibliografia selecionada, o acesso à justiça revela-se como um conceito-chave à questão social de luta constante por direitos, na forma da cidadania, e de participação político-jurídica efetiva de grupos atravessados pelos estratos de raça, classe e gênero, questão afetada não só pelos efeitos do neoliberalismo sobre a ideia de justiça social, mas também das desigualdades mantidas e reproduzidas pela continuidade de uma herança patrimonialista, escravocrata e sexista que limita a cidadania.
Loadbearing capacity and safety for winter roads improvement reinforcement and ice modification
Authors: Goncharova G. Y. , Sirotiuk V. V. , Yakimenko O. V. , Orlov P. V. , Dolgodvorov R. E. 
Published: January 2024

Introduction. The natural processes associated with the thawing of permafrost and the accompanying risks of man-made disasters have been steadily increasing in recent years. At the same time, a new space of opportunities opens up for the development of territories, the formation of new cargo transportation routes, both in transit and directly to the Arctic regions. The number of consumers is increasing, the requirements for the economic efficiency of transport infrastructure and the requirements for materials for its construction and maintenance are increasing.Materials and methods. Water ice is one of the most widespread substances in the northern nature, and the experience of its use as a building material goes back centuries. At the same time, the use of water ice still has no alternative in the construction of seasonal ice roads and crossings, including for solving the tasks of oil and gas companies. This article is devoted to the possibilities of using modern materials that change the properties of water ice and structural and technological solutions to increase the carrying capacity and safety of ice crossings and extend the service life of winter trucks.Results. Experimental and theoretical studies, tests at the landfill, pilot production tests at ice crossings have shown the possibility to significantly increase the carrying capacity and safety of the transport when reinforcing ice. The introduction of water ice modifiers together with its reinforcement significantly improve the physical and mechanical properties of water ice.Conclusion. The authors’ idea of the possibilities of a significant increase in the bearing capacity of the ice cover on winter roads, traffic safety, prolongation of their service life with the combined use of special reinforcing materials and chemical modifiers of water ice is presented. The reasons for the limited use of the recommendations proposed by the authors are disclosed.
Development of road pavement structures using zeolite of the Tatar-Shatrashanskoe deposit
Authors: Ilina O. N. 
Published: January 2024

Introduction. The growing dynamics of road construction, the active improvement of domestic road structures and technologies, and the modernization of the production base will make it possible to form a comprehensive sustainable transport framework for the country, which will provide an impact to the entire economy of the Russian Federation. One of the economically and technologically advantageous solutions for this is the development and construction of road structures using zeolite - pozzolanic additive. The analysis of Russian and foreign sources indicates that pozzolanic additives improve the physical and mechanical properties of road building materials. The purpose of the work is to develop road pavement structures using zeolite from the Tatarsko-Shatrashanskoe deposit. To achieve this purpose, the tasks such as the development of road building materials using zeolite ( local mineral materials treated with Portland cement and zeolite are used for base layers, warm asphalt concrete with zeolite is used for coating layers), the design and calculation of road pavements using zeolite from the TatarskoShatrashanskoe deposit were solved.Materials and methods. The experimental laboratory studies of materials in accordance with GOST 23558, GOST R 70396, GOST R 58406.8, GOST R 58406.9, GOST 9128, GOST 12801 were carried out. The calculation of road pavement structures in the Credo Radon software package for permissible elastic deflection, shear resistance, bending resistance, static load, frost resistance, drainage layer for climatic conditions typical of the Republic of Tatarstan, according to PNST 265, GOST R 58818 was carried out.Results. As a result of the research, the physical and mechanical properties of samples of road building materials using zeolite, which correspond to regulatory requirements were determined. The design and calculation of road pavements using zeolite in the Credo Radon software package was carried out. Structural transverse profiles of highways of categories IV and V using zeolite from the Tatarsko-Shatrashanskoe deposit have been proposed. The use of developed materials and road structures will currently improve the economy, rational environmental management of the region and, in general, provide an opportunity to improve the quality of life in cities and towns by successfully completing the five-year road activity plan.
Vibration reliability of steel beams prestressed by drawing
Authors: Kravchuk E. V. , Belutskii I. Yu. , Kravchuk V. A. 
Published: January 2024

Introduction. Vibrations of building structures and mechanism parts were analyzed. The need to investigate the oscillation processes and vibration reliability of steel beams prestressed by web drawing was formulated. The subject of study is structural steel. The object of study is bimetallic steel beam prestressed without rods.Materials and methods. The scientific inquiry is based on the basics of structural mechanics of buildings and structures: superposition principle, differential equation of deflection curve of a bar, energy method, and methods of determination of stress-strain state of prestressed steel bars.Results. A comparative analysis of vibration reliability of non-prestressed beams and prestressed structures of equal bearing capacity was performed. Rotations of the beam supporting nodes loaded by prestressing forces and external impacts were determined by integration of differential equation of deflection curve of a split bar. The support moments in rigid supporting nodes of structures were determined on the basis of superposition principle. The developed methods of stressed condition of prestressed bars are the basis for determination of normal stresses in the sections of beams under study. The resultant stresses were obtained by algebraic addition of prestresses and stresses from external loads. Dynamic parameters of bearing capacity of beams were determined on the basis of works by I.M. Rabinovich and V.A. Kiselev. The oscillation circular frequency of conventional and prestressed beams was established, analytical expressions for determination of angular velocity of prestressed bending elements were formulated, and the dynamic deflections and factors of structures were determined. It is found that the circular frequency of prestressed beams hinged in supporting nodes compared to the circular frequency of conventional beams decreases by a factor of 1.4 and by a factor of 5.6 in beams with rigid supports. Angular velocity decreases by a factor of 1.4 (hinge supports) and 6.8 (rigid supports), respectively. The deflections of prestressed beams are reduced by a factor of 1,87: 11,9. There is a significant reduction in the stressed condition of prestressed structures.Conclusions. A hinged traditional beam under external and vibration loads in limit state is in the material yield zone and does not meet the first and second limit state conditions. These structures have the lowest vibration reliability. Prestressed structures are more reliable. With rigid supporting nodes, the moments of prestressing forces coincide with the supporting moments and produce hogging with the vector opposite to the external load deflection vector. In the limit state, total deflections are less than the external load deflections. Stresses in the structure decrease. Since load moments and beam deflections are initial parameters for dealing with dynamic strength tasks, we may state that prestressed beams with rigid supporting nodes have an increased vibration reliability.
Pelatihan Status Gizi pada Atlet Sepak Bola SSB Elang Muda Sigi
Authors: Agusman Muhammad 
Published: January 2024

Pelatihan Status Gizi Pada Atlet Sepak Bola SSB Elang Muda Sigi. Pelatihan Status Gizi dengan gambaran umum kebugaran jasmani, aspek-aspek kebugaran jasmani, bentuk tes Status Gizi, bentuk program Status Gizi dan pemahaman terhadap Status Gizi. Permasalah yang dihadapi oleh mitra pada kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah (1) Masih rendahnya pemahaman masyarakat tentang bentuk Status Gizi, (2) Masih rendahnya pemahaman masyarakat pada Status Gizi. Target yang ingin dicapai dalam pelaksnaan pengabdian ini yaitu (1) Meningkatkan Status Gizi pada atlet sepak bola SSB Elang Muda; (2) Meningkatkan pemahaman masyarakat tentang Status Gizi. Luaran yang ingin di capai pada kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah (1) Peningkatan Penerapan IPTEK di Masyarakat (Mekanisasi, IT, dan Manajemen); (2) Perbaikan Tata Nilai Masyarakat (Sosial, Keamanan, Ketentraman, Pendidikan); (3) Artikel. Metode yang digunakan untuk mendukung tercapainya solusi dan target yang ingin dicapai adalah (1) Sosialisasi yang dimaksudkan untuk mendapatkan informasi dan data-data tentang kegiatan pengabdian, (2) Pelatihan terhadap mitra pengabdian agar dapat membimbing masyarakat dan attlet dalam menerapkan konsep yang telah diberikan dan pada akhirnya bisa meningkatkan Status Gizi.
Normativity and Historicity of Imam Syafii's Rejection of Hisab in Determining the Beginning of the Hijri Month
Authors: Kusdiyana Kusdiyana , Taman Badrun , Mahdi Mahkamah 
Published: January 2024

This article examines Imam Syafi'i 's thoughts about determining the beginning of the Hijriyah month without using reckoning. The research method used is library research with a socio-political approach. Primary data is taken from the books by Imam Syafi'i and the scholars of the Shafi'i sect. Data were analyzed using interpretation, deductive-inductive, and historical continuity techniques. The findings of this study are that Imam Syafii determines the beginning of the Hijri month by sighting and the testimony of two fair people. If this is not fulfilled, Imam Syafii determines it with stigma, namely the fulfillment of the day in the month with 30 days. The factor of not using reckoning is due to the tendency of Imam Syafii as Nashir al-Hadith, so the meaning of Imam Syafii for " faqduru lah "is not oriented towards rationality with the science of reckoning which has a different meaning, compared to the meaning of al-hadith bi al-hadith as a form taking one hadith with another hadith that is considered closer in meaning. The socio-political conditions at that time also influenced because the rationalists had succeeded in getting closer to him; the government is currently intensively carrying out scientific reforms, and they are always spreading Inkar as-Sunnah teachings which can threaten the position of sunnah. So that the spirit in the development of science, including reckoning at that time, was more dominant in its rationality than the Syar'i element Artikel ini mengkaji pemikiran Imam Syafi’i tentang penentuan awal bulan Hijriyah yang tanpa menggunakan hisab. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian pustaka dengan pendekatan sosial-politik. Data Primer diambil dari kitab-kitab karya Imam Syafi’i dan para ulama mazhab Syafi’i. Data dianalisis dengan teknik interpretasi, deduktif-induktif, dan kesinambungan historis. Temuan penelitian ini adalah Imam Syafii menentukan awal bulan hijriah dengan rukyat dan kesaksian dua orang yang adil. Jika hal tersebut tidak terpenuhi maka Imam Syafii menetapkan dengan istikmal yakni penggenapan hari dalam bulan tersebut dengan 30 hari. Faktor tidak digunakannya hisab disebabkan kecenderungan Imam Syafii sebagai Nashir al-Hadis, sehingga pemaknaan Imam syafii terhadap “faqduru lah” tidak berorientasi pada rasionalitas dengan ilmu hisab yang memiliki makna lebih jauh, dibandingkan pemaknaan al-hadis bi al-hadis sebagai bentuk ta’kid satu hadis dengan hadis lainnya yang dinilai lebih dekat pemaknaannya. Kondisi sosial politik pada masa itu juga turut mempengaruhi, karena kaum rasionalis pada saat itu telah berhasil mendekat kepada pemerintah yang sedang gencar melakukan reformasi ilmu pengetahuan dan juga mereka senantiasa menyebarkan paham Inkar as-Sunnah yang bisa membuat kedudukan sunnah terancam. Sehingga ruh dalam perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan termasuk hisab pada saat itu lebih dominan rasionalitas nya dari pada unsur Syar’i nya
The Role of Women in The Rukyat Hilal According to The North Aceh Ulema Consultative Assembly
Authors: Machzumy Machzumy , Taman Badrun 
Published: January 2024

The Role of Women in Rukyat Hilal According to the Majelis Permusyawaratan Ulama Aceh Utara (MPU). Rukyat hilal is a method used to determine the beginning and end of the month of Kamariah. And along with the birth of the Falak Science study program in Indonesia, many also mastered falak science. One of the interesting things is the existence of female phallic experts and their role in determining the beginning of the Hijri month. This rukyat hilal activity is carried out collectively by the Ministry of Religious Affairs, the Ulema Consultative Assembly, BMKG and other community groups. From this background, the author is interested in studying the role of women in seeing hilal in North Aceh Regency based on the perspective of MPU. This research is a qualitative research, with a field approach (field research). The data collection method uses interview and documentation techniques. The results of this study show that the role of a woman in determining the beginning and end of the month in North Aceh according to the Majelis Permusyawaratan Ulama Aceh Utara there are two. First, if a woman is only a participant who participates in the Rukyat Hilal event, then this is allowed. Second, if a woman reports seeing hilal, then her testimony is not considered valid and rejected. Rukyat hilal merupakan suatu metode yang digunakan untuk menentukan awal dan akhir bulan Kamariah. Dan seiring lahirnya porgram studi Ilmu Falak di Indonesia, maka banyak pula yang menguasai ilmu falak. Salah satu hal yang menarik adalah keberadaan ahli falak perempuan dan perannya dalam penentuan awal bulan hijriyah. Kegiatan rukyat hilal ini dilakukan secara kolektif oleh Kementerian agama, Majelis Permusyawaratan Ulama, BMKG dan golongan masyarakat lainnya. Dari latar belakang tersebut, penulis tertarik mengkaji terkait peranan perempuan dalam melihat hilal di Kabupaten Aceh Utara berdasarkan perspektif MPU. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif, dengan pendekatan lapangan (field research). Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa peran seorang perempuan dalam penentuan awal dan akhir bulan kamariah di Aceh Utara menurut Majelis Permusyawaratan Ulama Aceh Utara ada dua. Pertama, apabila seorang perempuan hanya sebagai peserta yang ikut dalam acara Rukyat Hilal, maka hal ini diperbolehkan. Kedua, jika seorang perempuan tersebut melapor melihat hilal, maka kesaksiannya tidak dianggap sah dan ditolak.