bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Some People Recover Memories Of Childhood Trauma That Never Really Happened
Authors: Hyman Ira E , Loftus Elizabeth F 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A woman in her late 20s enters therapy for problems that she is currently experiencing, perhaps an eating disorder, depression, or relationship difficulties. Early in therapy, the therapist asks the woman if she was ever sexually abused and the woman answers that she was not. The woman honestly believes that she was never abused. Over time, the therapist keeps returning to the issue of child abuse. The therapist tells the woman that her problems indicate severe childhood trauma and that the woman cannot expect to improve until she remembers the childhood trauma. The woman starts to think more about sex abuse, she reads about abuse in popular books, and she eventually has nightmares about sex abuse. Finally she recovers a memory of sexual abuse that happened when she was young. She begins to participate in group therapy for adults recovering from child sexual abuse and she uncovers more memories of childhood sexual abuse. In this situation, the woman may be recovering memories of abuse that actually occurred or she may be creating memories in response to the demands of the therapy situation. This is not the story of one individual, but rather the story of many individuals (both men and women, but predominantly women).
The Argument for the Reality of Delayed Recall of Trauma
Authors: Kluft Richard P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In any debate over the reality of recovered memory, it is useful to clarify the grounds of the debate, that is, to specify the issue that is being debated. If arguments are being proposed to the effect that there is no such thing as recovered memory, so that any apparently recovered memory can be discounted a priori, the premise of the debate can be formulated: resolved, that there is no demonstrable instance in which accurate, once unavailable memories have been recovered. I have avoided the use of the terms recovered memory and repressed memory in the resolution itself because these terms not only have become politicized, but the former term has no correlation to traditional clinical literature, and the latter represents an overgeneralized use of the term repression, which is only one of the processes by which the defensive exclusion of autobiographical experience from available and routinely retrievable memory may occur.
For Whom Does The Bell Toll? Repressed Memory And Challenges For The Law Getting Beyond The Statute Of Limitations
Authors: Zoltek-Jick Roser. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Law and psychiatry are fields that share a common goal of trying to resolve issues of the past in the present. The impetus either to seek therapy or pursue a lawsuit is often based on the same need to integrate the past: by bearing witness to the past, to tame rather than bury it, a person is expressing the desire to incorporate one’s history into present reality. The meaning of memory is therefore the inescapable foundational element for both disciplines.
Reflections On Trauma And Memory
Authors: Appelbaum Pauls. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Not long ago, I developed an annoying, angry pimple in the middle of my forehead. As I touched the soreness in the area, I noticed a certain familiarity to the sensation. The pain was not a new pain, but one I was sure I had felt before-and precisely in the same location. Moreover, there was a sense of meaningfulness to the recollection. It wasn’t merely the memory of some other bygone epidermal eruption that was being jogged. Something more significant was involved. What was I remembering? How could I be so sure about a connection to something in the past? I searched consciously for the answer without success. And then, when I was not even trying, I remembered the story.
Central Europe
Authors: Johnson Lonnie R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This is a historical survey of Central Europe, a region that encompasses contemporary Germany, Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Austria, Hungary, Slovenia, and Croatia. Unlike almost all the previous histories of this region, Lonnie Johnson doesn't divide the area into 'west' and 'east', or view it simply as the battlefield of the Cold War. Acknowledging the recent unification of Germany, the demise of the Soviet Union, and the re-asserting of Central Europe as an autonomous region, Johnson instead tells the unique history of the area. Each chapter is thematically organized around a few key issues or events that are particularly important for developing an understanding of the period addressed. The complexity of Central Europe that stems from its delightful, astonishing, and sometimes perplexing diversity is something all those interested in the area confront. Johnson's lucid, cogent prose helps make clear the competing ideological, national, religious, and economic interests that have driven the history of the region. Thorough, objective, and focused on Northern Eastern Europe, Johnson's work stands out both as a useful core text covering an area of growing interest and a beautifully rendered account of a region that is only beginning to receive current scholarly attention.
Effects of Alcohol on Overall Brain Metabolism
Authors: Altura Burton M , Altura Bella T , Zhang Aimin , Zakhari Sam 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Ethanol is thought to have its major effects on the brain; thus, it is important to determine how this substance exerts its actions on brain metabolism and to document exactly where these effects take place. Since chronic ingestion of alcohol can produce a loss and degeneration of neurons and glial cells in the brain, and is often associated with hallucinations in human subjects undergoing withdrawal, it is possible that ethanol produces hypoxia in certain brain regions that results in the depression of brain metabolism. As a consequence of such effects on phospholipid metabolism, cerebral bioenergetic metabolism, and numerous membrane transport systems, ethanol would be expected to compromise key intracellular signaling pathways.
Neurobiological Substrates for the Anti-Anxiety Effects of Ethanol
Authors: Koob George F , Britton Karen T 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The anxiety disorders have a lifetime prevalence rate of between 10 to 25% (Robins et al., 1984) and are the most common of all psychiatric disorders. In psychiatry, the term “anxiety” has a precise diagnostic meaning, referring to both paroxysmal and persistent psychological feelings of fear, panic, apprehension, and foreboding. These feelings are accompanied by symptoms in several somatic systems, including cardiovascular (tachycardia, palpitations, increased blood pressure), muscular (tremor, headache, back pain), gastrointestinal (dry mouth, nausea, diarrhea), and respiratory (dyspnea, hyperventilation, dizziness). Many of the physiological and somatic characteristics of anxiety are the consequence of adrenomedullary and sympathetic nervous system overactivity.
Individual Variation in Scripted Talk
Authors: Johnstone Barbara 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
If your data is to have any meaning, it is essential that each respondent is put through the same experience. Canons of research demand that the interviewer operate somewhat like a computer with all the appearances of a fellow human being, but, so far as we know, persons in everyday life find it impossible either to present themselves as or to receive presentations of others ( regardless of the form it takes) which conform to the strict canons of scientific inquiry. Here is a transcription of a brief telephone conversation that took place one evening shortly after five o ‘clock:It is believed by speakers of Malagasy, who live in Madagascar, that there are two kinds of talk: everyday talk andkabary,or formal oratory (Keenan 1973). A person who can perform kabarywell is a good speaker, an articulate person. Not everyone is allowed to be an orator; women, for example, who are in general thought to be overly direct and pushy in speech (Keenan 1974), are excluded. And not every man who has learned something about the roundabout “winding words” in which kabarymust be phrased and the rules for who speaks when in the situations that call for kabaryis equally good at performing it. Some orators are more articulate than others, in other words, and accordingly in greater demand to speak at marriage-request ceremonies and in other situations in which kabaryis necessary. Being articulate, for the Malagasy, requires
Idiosyncracy and Its Interpretation
Authors: Johnstone Barbara 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Language, too, can be seen as a hierarchy of constraints, from the species-wide constraints on all humans (and perhaps birds and whales, too), to the particular constraints that make me sound like me-and work out of my memory, shape as I shape, relate to others as I do, and live in my world with some kind of coherence. One can study this continuum at any level, but language is not reducible to just one In Chapter 1 I described a word, my father ‘s aaahh,that I have heard only two people use. Aaahhhas a meaning for my father, for me, and by now for readers of this book. But aaahhis idiosyncratic-so much the property of one particular speaker that when my sister used it I was startled, amazed to hear the word uttered in another voice. If aaahhis idiosyncratic, how does anybody understand what it means? That question is the subject of this Chapter. I will suggest that people understand new uses of language by noticing and interpreting repetition. I understand what aaahhmeans because I have heard it before; my father ‘s current uses of the form are repetitions of prior uses. Diachronic repetition like this is useful in interpreting almost new forms, forms
Toward a Linguistics of the Individual Speaker
Authors: Johnstone Barbara 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Every man ‘s language varies according to the extent of his knowledge, the activity of his faculties, and the depth or quickness of his feelings. Every man ‘s language has, first, its individualities; secondly, the common properties of the class to which he belongs; and thirdly, words and This book results from the intersection of three lines of thought: thought about language, thought about artistry, and thought about individuality. In my work with language, I have needed increasingly to consider social reasons for conventionality and variation. Studying the uses of narrative in a mid westem American city Qohn stone 1990a), for example, meant thinking about how region, community, and social roles and relationships influenced the shape and functions of people ‘s stories about themselves. In work I am doing now in Texas (Johnstone, Bean, and McLeod-Porter, forthcoming) I am trying to model how these factors and others-ethnicity, gender, vocational identification, urbanity-constrain and facilitate speakers ‘ choices. But as my work has moved toward the sociolinguistic I have more and more been bothered by the implicit Language, too, can be seen as a hierarchy of constraints, from the species-wide constraints on all humans (and perhaps birds and whales, too), to the particular constraints that make me sound like me-and work out of my memory, shape as I shape, relate to others as I do, and live in my world with some kind of coherence. One can study this continuum at any level, but language is not reducible to just one
Toward a Theory of the Literary Riddle
Authors: Pagis Dan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Every proper riddle must fulfill two conditions: the first is its social function as a competition between the riddler and riddlees; the second is its literary form, which must be difficult and enigmatic, yet containing the clues needed to decipher it. Each of these conditions, the social and literary, is necessary, yet not sufficient. Only the combination of the two creates a true riddle. In other words, a riddle is only that text which is intended to function as a riddle-a text whose author, or later riddler, deliberately presents it to the reader as a challenge; and, naturally, a riddle is a text able to function as a riddle, a text suited to being a challenge, encoded through various devices, but still soluble through the hints it contains and, through logical deductions, by virtually any addressee, unlike codes in other realms of life. The constant interrelationship between the practical and the textual side is essential to the riddle as a literary genre; this relationship is evident in many ways.
Why an Allama Poem Is Not a Riddle: An Anthological Essay
Authors: Ramanujan A K 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In an earlier work, I have written in some detail about Vīraśaiva bhakti-thedevotional religion of iconoclastic poets from the medieval Deccan in south lndia. For instance, the saint-poet Basava rejects caste, ritual, temples, sacred space and sacred time, the Vedas, and the Śāstras (systematized knowledge). I suggested that all these add up to what we would call “structure,” which implies predictability. A grammar, a structural description, codifies what is predictable in a language.
Riddle and Enigma in Chinese Civilization
Authors: Plaks Andrew H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
While outsiders may speak of China and its people as in some sense impenetrable or “inscrutable”-as if to imply that they harbor some sort of dark secrets beneath a placid exterior-apologists, both domestic and foreign, frequently paint an exact opposite picture: of an eminently practical, this-worldly (in a word, “unenigmatic”) culture. Both of these simplistic views obviously fail to do justice to the richness of Chinese social and cultural forms. As in the case of every other living culture, the Chinese tradition, with its virtually unparalleled degree of continuity and self¬ absorption over a span of three or four millennia, constitutes a dense tapestry of symbolic structures and complex modes of signification. Yet for all that, it is not entirely inaccurate to say that the role of riddle and enigma in Chinese civilization is noticeably less crucial than that in other cultures of South Asia and the Eastern Mediterranean of comparable antiquity.
Introduction
Authors: Stowell Daniel W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
On the evening of May 2, 1863, General Thomas J. “Stonewall” Jackson, a few of his officers, and several couriers rode beyond Confederate lines to reconnoiter the Federal forces along the Plank Road near Chancellorsville, Virginia. Jackson was planning a night attack in the moonlight to capitalize on the successes of the past few hours, when his men had overrun the surprised right flank of the Army of the Potomac. As Jackson’s party rode back toward its own lines over the unfamiliar terrain, men of the Eighteenth North Carolina Regiment mistook the horsemen for Federal cavalry and opened fire. Several members of the party were shot from their horses. One of the officers shouted to the pickets that they were firing on their own men. Beiieving this shouting to be a Yankee trick, the North Carolinians fired again. In this volley, three bullets struck Jackson, one in the right hand and two more in the left arm.
Crossing Jordan
Authors: Stowell Daniel W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Emancipation provided new opportunities and new challenges for all black southerners, but those who were Christians drew special meaning from the event. They had prayed for deliverance, and God had heard their plea. By 1865 they were free to shape their religious lives—or, in the terms of their favorite biblical metaphor, they had been delivered from their Egyptian bondage and the exodus had begun. However, much remained to be done to reach their spiritual promised land. The wilderness and the River Jordan remained to be crossed. Over the next decade, the freed people made that voyage with help from a variety of sources. During this period their vision of religious reconstruction, formulated during the war and in the immediate aftermath, took concrete form.
March Fever: Peasant Rebels and Kulak Insurrection
Authors: Viola Lynne 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
An epidemic of March fever swept through the Soviet countryside in the early stages of wholesale collectivization. The designation “March fever” (martovskaia likhoradka) comes from a Communist official who used the phrase to characterize the unrest that erupted in the village at that time. “March” referred to March 1930, the high point of a peasant rebellion against the state that began during the grain requisitioning campaigns of the late 1920s and, in many cases, continued beyond March 1930. The “fever” was the wave of mass disturbances that rolled over the country side and threatened to engulf the nation in peasant war.
Heritability Analyses Of IQ Scores: Science Or Numerology?
Authors: Layzer David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The question, “To what extent can the development of basic cognitive skills be influenced by various kinds of environmental intervention?” is central to current discussions of educational and social policy. Much of the discussion has focused on one rather narrow, but comparatively well-defined, aspect of this question the heritability of scores on standardized tests and the implications of heritability estimates. In 1969, A. R. Jensen ( 1) reviewed a large number of British and American studies of the broad heritability of IQ scores and concluded that, for representative British and American populations, it probably lies between o.7 and o.8, the best single estimate being close to o.8.
Bad Science, Worse Politics
Authors: Ryan Alan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Bell Curve is the product of an obsession, or, more exactly, of two different obsessions. Richard Herrnstein-who died on September 24, 1994-was obsessed with the heritability of intelligence, the view that much the largest factor in our intellectual abilities comes in our genes. He was also convinced that there had been a liberal conspiracy to obscure the significance of genetically based differences in the intelligence of different races, social classes, and ethnic groups, and that all manner of educational and economic follies were being perpetrated in consequence. Charles Murray-who is energetically and noisily with us still-is obsessed with what he believes to be the destructive effects of the American welfare state.
“Science” In The Service Of Racism
Authors: Brace C Loring 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Thirty years ago, Charles Silber man made the somewhat belated observation that “the United States ... is a racist society in a sense and to a degree that we have refused so far to admit, much less face” (1964, 9-10). This was written a decade after the United States Supreme Court in Brown v Board of Education declared that, since racially segregated schools were inherently unequal, the “separate but-equal” educational policy widely followed since the Plessy v Fer guson decision of 1896 was unconstitutional. If there is one thing demonstrated by Herrnstein and Murray’s new book, The Bell Curve, it is that Silber man’s statement remains true a generation later.
Assessment and Management of Reversible Delirium
Authors: Stoutz Noemi D De , Stiefel Fritz 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Delirium (acute confusional states) is a common psychiatric complication in patients with cancer.1-5 It is a neglected syndrome, partly because it is seen by nonpsychiatric physicians.6 Since Engel and Romano’s studies nearly 40 years ago,7 there has been a lack of research compared to other psychiatric morbidity associated with cancer or its treatment.8,9 For example, delirium has not been investigated until recently with newly developed techniques like computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). According to Lipowski, 9,10 who devoted extensive work to this syndrome and wrote the most comprehensive book on this subject: “My object in approaching so acknowledged a terra incognita is not, I regret to say, that I have any fresh contribution towards its elucidation to bring into the field, but rather to awaken a more lively inquiry amongst the profession as to its real nature and causes.”
Assessment and Management of Mechanical Bowel Obstruction
Authors: Mercadante Sebastiano 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Mechanical bowel obstruction is a well-recognized complication in cancer patients. Depending on the setting and criteria for diagnosis, its prevalence ranges from 3% to 15%. Colorectal, gastric, ovarian, and uterine carcinomas are the common associated tumors, but many other primary neoplasms may be responsible. Although bowel obstruction can develop at any time during the course of the disease, it occurs most frequently in the advanced stages.
“Normal” Adjustment to Cancer: Characteristics and Assessment
Authors: Beeney Linda J , Butow Phyllis N , Dunn Stewart M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Until the latter half of the twentieth century, neoplastic diseases manifested as relatively acute, usually fatal illnesses for which there were few effective treat­ ments. Thus, adjustment to cancer was largely irrelevant-the high and rapid mortality restricted the tasks of normal adjustment to coping with short-term survival or the prospect of an early death. Patients were seldom aware of the diagnosis, as it was infrequently disclosed, l—3 and when they were, distress was often severe because cancer was perceived to be a dirty, unclean disease and the diagnosis equivalent to a death sentence. In the 1990s, adjustment to cancer has become a major issue for a wider population.
Introduction: Neuropathic Pain: From Unresolved Questions to Clinical Practice
Authors: Portenoy Russell K 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There is a remarkable degree of agreement in the clinical community about the syndromes generally denoted by the term “neuropathic pain.” This agreement is remarkable because neuropathic pain is not a discrete physiologically measurable phenomenon, but rather, a construct based on a constellation of clinical observations. In labeling a pain neuropathic, the clinician is inferring that the pain is probably sustained by aberrant somatosensory processes in the peripheral or central nervous systems. These processes are believed to be different from those that sustain pain caused by ongoing tissue injury, or so-called nociceptive pain.
Pathophysiology of Cancer Asthenia
Authors: Neuenschwander Hans , Bruera Eduardo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Fatigue, a normal response during or after a physical or a strenous mental effort, has to be considered a physiological phenomenon. It may have a beneficial, protective function to prevent exhaustion and overexertion. Sometimes fatigue can even be experienced as a pleasant feeling if it is of reasonable duration. On the other hand, fatigue as a pathological condition is always experienced as an ,unpleasant sensation. Asthenia is perceived as an unpleasant sensation whenever it exceeds one’s physiological resources, such as rest that must be recuperated. In a number of nontumor-associated conditions, asthenia, experienced as fatigue and/or weakness, is definitely a component or even a leading symptom (Table 9.1).
Staff Burnout: Sources Diagnosis Management and Prevention
Authors: Vachon Maryl. S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Providing supportive care confronts caregivers with multiple challenges that are different from those of traditional palliative care. Supportive care in oncology has been defined as “the provision of the necessary services for those living with or affected by cancer to meet their physical, psychosocial, informational and spiritual needs during the diagnostic, treatment, follow-up phases, encompassing issues of survivorship, palliation and bereavement.”