bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Collecting Humanity: Commodification, Trophy Hunting, and Bio-colonialism
Authors: Stahn Carsten 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This chapter demonstrates the centrality of the human body as site of colonial violence. It shows that human remains were taken as war trophies, collected as items of racial science, and traded as communities. It illustrates how projections of violence onto non-Western subjects and belief in the objectivity of science marginalized ethical constraints and rationalized the dehumanization of others. It documents the political dimensions of human remains. It traces inter alia how the Mkwawa head was used as a site of inter-colonial rivalries, how the remains of Sarah Baartman turned from an object of racial science into an icon of post-apartheid identity in South Africa, and how colonial mindsets continue to shape the treatment of the remains of Irish giant Charles Byrne. It explores how evolutionary science and bio-politics of colonialism drove the chase for human fossils (e.g. Java man, Taung child).
Sacred Circles
Authors: Williamson Christina G. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In the Hellenistic period, cities increasingly organized major festivals in honour of their principal gods, often as an ‘echo’ of the great Panhellenic games, sending out invitations to cities and kings for support and participation. Cities thus opened up their prime sanctuaries to the Greek world through their festivals. At the same time, there was a growing tendency to enclose these sacred spaces within peristyle architecture. As the political borders of cities were temporarily suspended, so the edges of their great civic shrines were hardened, creating a paradox of simultaneous inclusion and exclusion. This chapter examines this phenomenon through the lens of the ‘sacred circle’, a special ritualized place cut out of the urban fabric of time and space that in this case also fostered connectivity across the Greek world. Three case studies from Asia Minor serve to highlight local strategies in effectuating festival connectivity through sacred space: Magnesia on the Maeander and the sanctuary of Artemis Leukophryene, Stratonikeia and the sanctuary of Hekate at Lagina, and Pisidian Antioch and the sanctuary of Men Askaenos.
The Materiality of Light in Religious Celebrations and Rituals in the Roman East
Authors: Chaniotis Angelos 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Because of a variety of factors, nocturnal celebrations and rituals became more frequent and elaborate in the Hellenistic and imperial periods. The nocturnal setting had a cognitive and emotional impact on the participants, arousing fear, anxiety, and hope for a direct communication with the divine, generating the illusion of divine epiphanies, and creating feelings of exclusivity and identity. This impact was enhanced through sensory stimuli that included the manipulation of artificial light, fire rituals, and the selection or construction of suitable spaces. This paper discusses relevant evidence concerning the cults of Isis, the festival of an Oriental goddess in Larisa, the cult of Zeus Idaios in Crete, the ‘mysteries’ of Glykon Neos Asklepios in Abonou Teichos and of Mithras, the imperial cult in Messene, and the festival of the Daidala in Boiotia. In addition to the use of lamps and torches in these festivals, there is also evidence for the daily and periodic illumination of temples and shrines, the existence of personnel dedicated to the task of lighting the lamps, the specialized production of lamps for certain cults, and the setting up of torch-bearing statues. The study of the materiality of artificial light contributes to a better understanding of the emotional, sensory, and cognitive aspects of religious celebrations.
Cultural Objects and Reparative Justice
Authors: Gerstenblith Patty 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This work provides a comprehensive legal and historical analysis of the issues surrounding the question of where tangible, movable cultural objects that were removed without consent should be located. The book traces the historical foundations of the current legal framework on both international and national scales and examines the four lenses through which cultural objects should be analysed: the international or universalistic, the national, the local or communal, and the contextual. As such, this book melds the fragmented debate of ownership utilizing an interdisciplinary approach based in law, history, art history, anthropology, and archaeology. In an innovative approach, the work analyses several examples of appropriation spanning the nineteenth century to consider the Parthenon Sculptures, the Yuanmingyuan Palace, the Benin objects, Indigenous human remains and cultural items, and artworks looted during the Holocaust. These types of cultural objects and different circumstances of their appropriation inform the work’s proposal of a paradigm for reparations. Acknowledging that the foundations of our modern laws and ethical guidelines with respect to cultural objects are built on a history of armed conflict, imperialism, and colonialism, this work advocates for a new structure based on reparation, restitution, repatriation, compensation, and market regulation in order to cease perpetuating past harms and to disincentivize new harms. Finally, it sets out a paradigm based on process and defined principles for the restitution of human remains and cultural objects that were removed from their communities and States as a result of colonialism, armed conflict, or imperialism.
Preaching and Narrative in Piers Plowman
Authors: Bennett Alastair 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
William Langland’s Piers Plowman was written and read during a ‘golden age’ of English preaching. The poem describes a world where sermons took many different forms and were delivered in many different contexts, from public events in the life of the realm to pastoral instruction in the parish. It dramatizes preaching as part of its allegorical action, showing how sermons shaped their listeners’ understanding of the world; it also includes polemical critique of corrupt, self-interested preaching, and offers radical prescriptions for its reform. This book argues that Langland’s central insight into the way that sermons moved and engaged their audiences had to do with their characteristic use of narrative. Preachers in the poem address listeners who are absorbed in the concerns of their present moment, and encourage them to new forms of social and spiritual endeavour by locating that moment in a larger, interpreted plot: the story of an individual life, or an emergent community, or of salvation history as a whole. The book employs a critical vocabulary derived from Paul Ricoeur to describe the process by which these narratives are composed, and to show how they mediate and reconfigure their listeners’ experiences.
Introduction
Authors: Bennett Alastair 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The Introduction outlines the central argument of this book, that Piers Plowman dramatizes and explores the distinctive ways in which contemporary preachers used narrative to frame and interpret their listeners’ experiences. It considers the long history of scholarship on preaching and Piers Plowman, and the models it offers for reading the poem. It offers a reading of the sermon of Holy Church from the poem’s first vision, as an early example of preaching in the allegorical action that shows how Langland understood the role of narrative in the preacher’s project. It also offers an introduction to the work of Paul Ricoeur, which informs the approach to narrative in this book as a whole.
Preaching on the Half-Acre
Authors: Bennett Alastair 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This chapter reads the second vision of Piers Plowman as a study of the way that sermons motivate reforming action. At the start of this vision, Reason explains the storms and plagues of recent experience as God’s punishments for human sin and as forerunning signs of the apocalypse, linking these events together as part of an interpreted narrative, and moving his listeners to confess their sins. As the people set out on their penitential pilgrimage, Piers Plowman appears to guide and direct them, offering new narratives that extend the interpretative project of Reason’s sermon, but also faces hostile or indifferent listeners who struggle to understand their lives in these terms. This chapter also considers sermons by Thomas Brinton and another, anonymous preacher that interpret storms and plagues as signs and punishments from God, but which also call for the ongoing effort at narrative interpretation in which Piers is engaged.
Realism and the Sources of Law
Authors: Green Leslie 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The ‘legal positivist’ and ‘legal realist’ traditions have much in common; this chapter offers a new explanation of their differences. They agree that law is constituted by social facts, that judges have and exercise significant discretion, and that law is morally fallible. H. L. A. Hart and others accuse realists of conceptual errors. Brian Leiter holds that realists typically make no conceptual claims; their differences with positivists are about the utility and results of empirical inquiry. This chapter suggests that, on the contrary, some realists do have conceptual commitments that leave them liable to objections. But more importantly, there is also a substantive disagreement. Realists typically hold that many sources of law are permissive. Positivists hold that they are binding. The nature and importance of permissive sources of law is explored. We should neither overlook them nor exaggerate their significance.
The Inseparability of Law and Morals
Authors: Green Leslie 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Many think that legal positivism commits us, as H. L. A. Hart put it, to a ‘separation of law and morals’. Lon Fuller rejected this, claiming that every legal system must conform to certain moral principles of legality. After attempting to clarify these ideas, the chapter argues that both are mistaken. There are a number of necessary connections between law and morality, including connections that flow from the necessary content, or aims, of legal systems. But some of these are connections between law and vices that come hand-in-glove with effective legal systems. Morally speaking, the rule of law is always a risky business.
Positive Obligations under the European Convention on Human Rights
Authors: Stoyanova Vladislava 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This book identifies and explains the key analytical issues (state knowledge, causation, and reasonableness) that need to be considered in determining whether a State is responsible under the European Convention on Human Rights for omissions. In addition to this technical analytical question, the book also reflects upon what is at stake for the political community when the triggering, the content, and the scope of positive human rights obligations are determined. A central question is then how the search for a balance between intrusion and restraint by the State, between protection and freedom from invasion, defines this community and pulls the analysis of state responsibility for omissions in different directions. Designed to become the main reference source concerning ECHR positive obligations, this book makes four main contributions. First, it covers an important gap by isolating and studying the separate analytical elements (state knowledge, causation, and reasonableness) underlying state responsibility for failure to fulfil positive obligations. It explains the structure of review, the analytical steps taken to ascertain state responsibility for omissions. Secondly, the book offers a serious appreciation of the dangers associated with positive obligations whose scope might be too expansive or content too intrusive. Thirdly, it explains the different types of positive obligations. Fourthly, it offers the first examination of the conceptual hurdles if positive obligations under the ECHR were to be applied extraterritorially.
The Bench Versus the Banks
Authors: Eglin John 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Local authorities, under pressure from central government, attempted to contain the expansion of commercial gaming in public venues, and largely failed. The metropolitan police apparatus that bore the brunt of the enforcement of gaming statutes faced a number of structural challenges in carrying out its mandate. Magistrates only moved against gaming operations when there was pressure from above; consequently, political developments at the centre in Whitehall could decisively affect local enforcement efforts. These realities created an atmosphere similar to continental capitals where commercial gaming was ‘tolerated, but not permitted.’
Commercial Gaming in the Wake of the Georgian Statutes
Authors: Eglin John 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Gaming entrepreneurs responded decisively to aggressive legislative and judicial initiatives against gaming, and in so doing demonstrated newfound faith in probability. A wave of legislation aimed at prohibiting commercialized games of chance as ‘unlawful lotteries’ was met with a variety of stratagems aimed at evading the language of statute, with varying degrees of success. At the same time that the Georgian gaming statutes defined mathematical probability to be beyond the comprehension of the general public, the introduction of E.O., played on a wheel and based on ‘even-money’ wagers, signalled increasing sophistication about probability among gaming entrepreneurs.
At Home with Faro’s Daughters
Authors: Eglin John 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Commercial gaming operations went forward in elite metropolitan households as high play momentarily subsided in clubs. Alongside the private subscription clubs that became a staple of elite sociability structured around gaming were the putatively domestic gaming venues constituted in at-homes in elite households superintended by socially conspicuous hostesses. As was the case with subscription clubs, these domestic entertainments were profitable concerns overseen by commercial gaming entrepreneurs and bankrolled, for the most part, by elite males. Nevertheless, it was the ‘Faro Ladies’ who drew media attention to these enterprises, given the particular censure that had always been cast on high-stakes play among women.
The Verbal System
Authors: Sharma Devyani 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This chapter continues the assessment of L1 transfer and universally based speaker inferencing as hypothetical sources of change, but now in the verbal domain. Examining systems of tense, modality, and aspect (TMA) in Indian English, the chapter analyzes four dimensions of the TMA system of IndE: omission of past tense marking, use of progressive -ing, the perfect construction, and the use of modal verbs. The broad perfectivity system of TMA in Indo-Aryan languages is found to be reconstituted in the English used by Indian bilinguals. Once again, L1 influence does not lead to an exact replication of the substrate system. As before, mismatches between the L1 and L2 lead to speakers inferring a typologically distinct and innovative grammar.
Hypocritical Blame
Authors: Lippert-Rasmussen Kasper 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This chapter opens with an example illustrating what it calls the appropriate dismissal claim, i.e., that we have a pro tanto reason to dismiss hypocritical blame, even when we are blameworthy for having done that for which we are blamed hypocritically. This illustrates the notion of (not) having the standing to blame. The chapter then proposes definitions of (1) hypocritical blame, (2) having standing to blame, and (3) what it is to indirectly dismiss blame as standingless, e.g., because of the hypocrisy(-generating facts) involved. The chapter also reviews a few competing accounts of what it is to dismiss blame as standingless. The main takeaway point from Chapter 1 is that to indirectly dismiss blame (on grounds of hypocrisy) is to deny either that the blamer has the liberty right to issue the demands involved in blame or to deny, inter alia, that the blamee has any obligation to the blamer to provide the blamer with an uptake of these demands. This captures what the chapter refers to as the moral authority account of (dismissing) standing to blame.
Morality, Normativity, and Standing
Authors: Lippert-Rasmussen Kasper 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This chapter argues that the considerations about standing to hold morally accountable, especially standing to blame, extrapolate to a wide range of other illocutionary acts, e.g., encouraging. Specifically, they apply to the notion of epistemic blame. The chapter also draws some conclusions regarding the interpersonal nature of the moral norms constituting the ethics of holding accountable (and beyond). It uses these conclusions as a springboard for a critical examination of the influential distinction between consequentialist and deontologist moral theories. Specifically, it argues that standard formulations of this distinction overlook a central aspect of the ethics of blame, i.e., moral authority. Finally, it explores a possible implication of this interpersonal nature of norms for issues pertaining to moral encroachment and statistical discrimination.
Theory Informing Practices
Authors: Searcy Yan Dominic , Harden Troy 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Theory predicts and explains behavior. From the natural sciences to the social sciences, theory provides a framework for understanding. Chapter 2 presents the theoretical underpinnings of the authors’ approaches to urban youth programmatic interventions. Attention is placed on the social work person-in-environment (PIE) theoretical approach. The chapter also engages the theoretical perspective that frames the use of circles. The authors cover the concept of flourishing that is fostered by environmental factors and link youth leadership opportunities to increasing the possibility of program participation. The chapter concludes with a brief discussion of the importance of the presence of affirming adult leadership and its overall impact on program outcomes.
True-Life Stories
Authors: Timmons Jill 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Chapter 12 presents twelve real-life stories from the rank and file of the music industry. They represent highly diverse music professionals who in many ways exemplify the best in inventive career strategies. These thriving artists represent east- and west-coast perspectives, communities as different as New York City and small-town America, a range in diversity, varied musical interests, different educational backgrounds, and divergent artistic visions. They range in age from college students to wise elders. Most of these artists remain anonymous. In crafting their own unique vision–plan continuum, they embarked on their own musician’s journey. The details of their fascinating stories can serve as models to others.
Introduction
Authors: Gray David B. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This introduction to this volume briefly overviews its topic, the literature produced by the tantric Buddhist traditions in Asia. It is oriented toward readers interested in this topic but who lack the training to read this literature in the original Asian languages. It does not presume prior knowledge of technical terms. It introduces the volume’s five chapters, the first of which introduces what is meant by the terms “tantra” and “tantric traditions” in Buddhist contexts. It then segues to the historical development of Buddhist tantric traditions in India. The second chapter introduces the Buddhist tantras, with a focus on their structure and use of language. It also summarizes the contents of the Buddhist tantras, overviewing the major topics covered within them. The third chapter explores the dissemination of tantric texts and practice traditions throughout Asia, while the fourth chapter discusses the different genres of tantric Buddhist literature and how they were organized into canons. Lastly, the fifth chapter discusses the transgressive rhetoric found in many of the Buddhist tantras, how this constituted an obstacle to the dissemination of this literature and affected how they were translated, and also how Buddhists creatively used commentary to explain these passages.
Restoration, Revolution, and Retirement
Authors: Troyansky David G. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The chapter focuses on the ending of careers throughout the first half of the nineteenth century. It looks at rewards and the normalization of careers in constitutional and bureaucratic regimes. Revolutions begin to resemble restorations, and the chapter teases out continuities and change in the magistracy, looking closely at the retirement dossiers in six departments of France, seeing the impact of printed forms, and charting large numbers of careers. Examination of a famously turbulent period reveals characteristics of remarkable continuity, considering holdovers from the Old Regime, old revolutionaries, and others contributing to the development of careerism. Bureaucracy and autobiography intersected. Within a new civic order, issues of entitlement, citizenship, and bureaucracy arose, as magistrates justified lives and pioneered new territory. They were acutely aware of changes in political regime, but they could build on long experience, and in late life they constructed their worlds out of elements of diverse regimes.
Gender, Widowhood, and the Limits of Entitlement
Authors: Troyansky David G. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The chapter concerns the gendered aspect of retirement. It does so by looking closely at widows’ letters. A comparison of male and female writing about work, family, and public life reveals gendered themes and rhetoric and different modes of complaint. Men had spoken more of politics and honor; women spoke of the needs of their children and themselves, and appealed to the paternal solicitude of the king. The chapter also raises questions of degrees of entitlement, considering questions of right, culture, and material need. The gendered comparison permits reflection on men’s mastery of a rhetoric of complaint and women’s more matter-of-fact self-presentation and different temporalities over the life course. Men had appealed to the state in more advanced age as they approached retirement; widows, having married earlier, made their appeals at a younger age, often calling for support for their young children.
Conclusion
Authors: Troyansky David G. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The conclusion discusses the political and cultural origins of retirement and looks ahead to its democratization. It considers the importance of the state and its servants, how rights to retire derive from particular relations to the state. Magistrates had access to a language of honor, service, victimization, and heroism, and they knew how to make that language work for them. The conclusion situates the book in the contexts of the social history of the life course, old age, and retirement, the cultural history of representations of the self, the political history of changing regimes and anticipations of welfare-state formulas, and the institutional history of bureaucracy. It places the book beside recent works on the French Revolution and on social and professional networks, and it describes the challenges of living in revolution’s shadow and through decades of administrative reform that contributed to a new logic of the life course.