bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EU(ropean) Differentiated Defence Integration
Authors: Rieker Pernille , Giske Mathilde T. E. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractEven though the need to improve European joint defence capacity has been on the agenda of both NATO and the EU, individually and in partnership for over a decade, it has not yet been fully achieved. The Russian invasion was a brutal reminder that Europe is still largely dependent on the US for its security. This added further momentum to the process of building up a stronger European defence capacity, which has already been ongoing for a decade. The EU’s adoption of the Strategic Compass in March 2022, shortly after the invasion, is crucial in this context. It had been under development for some time (since June 2020) but had to be rewritten due to the invasion. It was intended to represent a great leap forward, as it was to present an action plan towards 2030. Due to recent events, member states were more committed than ever to delivering joint defence capacity, and they sought to do so through greater flexibility, investing more and more efficiently, and cooperating more closely with partners.The geopolitical situation makes Europe more committed and obliged than ever to build a stronger European capacity. Over the past 15 years, a series of different initiatives, at different levels and in different formats, have been launched with this in mind. A recurring question, however, has been whether these many different processes and initiatives result in a more fragmented and complicated European security structure, with unnecessary duplication as a result. Or whether they, through various cooperation agreements and coordination efforts, contribute to a more flexible and stronger European defence structure, where formal structures are less important than commitment to different initiatives. The aim of this chapter is to provide an answer.
Die Stadt in ländlichen Regionen – sich entwickelnde Räume
Authors: Lenz Barbara , Pitzen Constantin , Jaquet Dennis , Monheim Heiner 
Published: December 2023

ZusammenfassungRaumtypologien, die es möglich machen, regionsübergreifend das Mobilitätsverhalten der Bevölkerung abzubilden, sind der Ausgangspunkt für die Beschreibung und Analyse der Mobilität im ländlichen Raum. Das Kap. 2 beschreibt zunächst den Ansatz der Raumtypologie „RegioStaR“, die heute die Grundlage für die Abbildung von Mobilitätsverhalten in Deutschland bildet. Darüber hinaus werden die Eigenheiten des Mobilitätsverhaltens im ländlichen Raum dargestellt. Das Kap. 2 versteht einen automatisierten ÖPNV als Chance für die Transformation des Mobilitätsökosystems. Auf dieser Grundlage werden die Anforderungen an ein automatisiertes ÖPNV-Netz beschrieben, das Großstadtrand, Stadt, Umland und Dorf versorgen soll. Zuletzt beschäftigt sich das Kap. 2 mit dem Straßenraum, in dem künftig die Menschen Priorität vor den Autos haben müssen, soll die Mobilitätswende gelingen.
Auswirkungen des automatisierten Fahrens
Authors: Schippl Jens , Pitzen Constantin , Aleksa Michael , Krenn Willibald , Leonetti Emanuele , Deublein Markus , Schaarschmidt Erik , Fleischer Torsten , Yen Robert 
Published: December 2023

ZusammenfassungIn Kap. 3 wird zunächst aufgezeigt, welche verkehrlichen Folgen und Risiken mit avF einhergehen können und wie diese von der Nutzungsform und der Regulierung automatisierter Fahrzeuge abhängen. Weiter behandelt werden die Anforderungen von avF an Infrastrukturen wie Straßen, Parkraum, aber auch an die digitale Verkehrsinfrastruktur, wie z. B. Lichtsignalanlagen, Verkehrsbeeinflussungsanlagen oder Kommunikationsplattformen. Anschließend behandelt das Kapitel Fragen des derzeitigen und zukünftigen Datenbedarfs von avF im Mobilitätssystems und – damit verknüpft – Aspekte der Datensicherheit bzw. Cyber-Security. Auch das Thema Verkehrssicherheit im Mischverkehr von avF und mit vulnerablen Verkehrsteilnehmergruppen wird lösungsorientiert beleuchtet. Wie das automatisierte und vernetzte Fahren einen Beitrag für die Attraktivitätssteigerung und den Kapazitätsausbau des ÖPNV beitragen kann, wird ebenso behandelt wie für die Umsetzung von afV relevante gesellschaftliche und ethische Aspekte.
Rechtliche Aspekte des automatisierten Fahrens und der Personenbeförderung
Authors: Braun Binder Nadja , Bußjäger Peter , Fasler Raoul , Guckelberger Annette 
Published: December 2023

ZusammenfassungIm Kap. 6 werden die rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen für automatisiertes bzw. hochautomatisiertes Fahren in Deutschland, in Österreich und in der Schweiz skizziert. Ein besonderes Augenmerk liegt dabei auf dem ÖPNV, wobei dieser nicht losgelöst von den allgemeinen straßenverkehrsrechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen betrachtet werden kann. Das Straßenverkehrsrecht steht denn auch im Zentrum der drei Beiträge. Verschiedentlich werden weitere offene Rechtsfragen aufgegriffen. Auch wenn gerade für Deutschland vieles bereits beispielgebend geregelt wurde, gelangen alle drei Beiträge zum Schluss, dass die betroffenen Rechtsgebiete aufgrund der fortschreitenden technischen Entwicklungen und der erwarteten unionsrechtlichen Regelungen raschen Änderungen unterworfen sein werden, weshalb es sich bei den Ausführungen auch nur um punktuelle Momentaufnahmen handeln kann.
Diskriminierungserfahrungen und Depressivität – Eine Befragung zu Formen, Merkmalen und Lebensbereichen
Authors: Dingoyan Demet , Schepan Marie Lisanne , Adedeji Adekunle , Schwartz Brian , Metzner Franka 
Published: December 2023

ZusammenfassungIn Deutschland existieren nur wenige Studien zum Zusammenhang von Diskriminierung und Gesundheit, und es fehlt an etablierten Instrumenten zur multidimensionalen Erfassung von Diskriminierung. Untersucht wurde daher, wie häufig Diskriminierung von in Deutschland lebenden Erwachsenen erfahren wird, und ob diese Erfahrungen mit dem Vorliegen von depressiven Symptomen zusammenhängen. Die Online-Befragung von n = 403 Personen basierte auf einem selbstentwickelten Fragebogen aus international publizierten Items. Die Depressivität wurde über den Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ‑9) erhoben, und Zusammenhänge mit linearen Regressionsanalysen wurden ausgewertet. Am häufigsten berichtet wurden Auslachen (Diskriminierungsform), Geschlecht/äußeres Erscheinungsbild (Diskriminierungsmerkmale) und Bildung/Arbeit (Lebensbereich). Die Diskriminierungshäufigkeit war ein signifikanter Prädiktor für das Vorliegen von depressiven Symptomen. Diskriminierungserfahrungen sollten als potenzielle Stressoren in der psychotherapeutischen Anamnese, Diagnostik, Prognose und Therapie berücksichtigt werden.
Label-free SERS assay combined with multivariate spectral data analysis for lamotrigine quantification in human serum
Authors: Badillo-Ramírez Isidro , Janssen Selina A. J. , Soufi Gohar , Slipets Roman , Zór Kinga , Boisen Anja 
Published: December 2023

AbstractConsidering the need for a more time and cost-effective method for lamotrigine (LTG) detection in clinics we developed a fast and robust label-free assay based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) for LTG quantification from human serum. The optimization and application of the developed assay is presented showing the: (i) exploration of different methods for LTG separation from human serum; (ii) implementation of a molecular adsorption step on an ordered Au nanopillar SERS substrate; (iii) adaptation of a fast scanning of the SERS substrate, performed with a custom-built compact Raman spectrometer; and (iv) development of LTG quantification methods with univariate and multivariate spectral data analysis. Our results showed, for the first time, the SERS-based characterization of LTG and its label-free identification in human serum. We found that combining a miniaturized solid phase extraction, as sample pre-treatment with the SERS assay, and using a multivariate model is an optimal strategy for LTG quantification in human serum in a linear range from 9.5 to 75 μM, with LoD and LoQ of 3.2 μM and 9.5 μM, respectively, covering the suggested clinical therapeutic window. We also showed that the developed assay allowed for quantifying LTG from human serum in the presence of other drugs, thereby demonstrating the robustness of label-free SERS. The sensing approach and instrumentation can be further automated and integrated in devices that can advance the drug monitoring in real clinical settings.
Graphical abstract
Part-through cracks computation in an Euler–Bernoulli beam model
Authors: Michel Sébastien 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe reduction of the equations of a slender, brittle continuum to a one-dimensional theory and the possibility of accounting for the cracking of this body has received much attention recently. This contribution investigates the effect of cross-sectional geometry on damage localization in an Euler–Bernoulli beam. Two geometric fields characterizing the crack penetration depth on each side of the beam are introduced, from which the modulation of the bending and tensile parts of the strain energy by the crack depth is deduced. The geometry of the crack-tip envelope is obtained by energy minimization. We find that in the case of a Griffith-like dissipation potential, the characteristic size of the crack is a key element for predicting initiation at a finite external load. We can accurately predict the initiation position by regularizing the model in the spirit of Variational Brittle Fracture. Model predictions are compared against computational results obtained by the classical damage field theory.
COPD: pulmonary vascular volume associated with cardiac structure and function
Authors: Duus Lisa Steen , Vesterlev Ditte , Nielsen Anne Bjerg , Lassen Mats Højbjerg , Sivapalan Pradeesh , Ulrik Charlotte Suppli , Lapperre Therese , Browatzki Andrea , Estépar Rubén San José , Nardelli Pietro , Jensen Jens-Ulrik Staehr , Estépar Raúl San José , Biering-Sørensen Tor 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Early recognition of cardiac dysfunction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may prevent future cardiac impairment and improve prognosis. Quantitative assessment of subsegmental and segmental vessel volume by Computed Tomographic (CT) imaging can provide a surrogate of pulmonary vascular remodeling. We aimed to examine the relationship between lung segmental- and subsegmental vessel volume, and echocardiographic measures of cardiac structure and function in patients with COPD.

Methods
We studied 205 participants with COPD, included in a large cohort study of cardiovascular disease in COPD patients. Participants had an available CT scan and echocardiogram. Artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms calculated the subsegmental vessel fraction as the vascular volume in vessels below 10 mm2 in cross-sectional area, indexed to total intrapulmonary vessel volume. Linear regressions were conducted, and standardized ß-coefficients were calculated. Scatterplots were created to visualize the continuous correlations between the vessel fractions and echocardiographic parameters.

Results
We found that lower subsegmental vessel fraction and higher segmental vessel volume were correlated with higher left ventricular (LV) mass, LV diastolic dysfunction, and inferior vena cava (IVC) dilatation. Subsegmental vessel fraction was correlated with right ventricular (RV) remodeling, while segmental vessel fraction was correlated with higher pulmonary pressure. Measures of LV mass and right atrial pressure displayed the strongest correlations with pulmonary vasculature measures.

Conclusion
Pulmonary vascular remodeling in patients with COPD, may negatively affect cardiac structure and function. AI-identified remodeling in pulmonary vasculature may provide a tool for early identification of COPD patients at higher risk for cardiac impairment.
Predicting acceptance of autonomous shuttle buses by personality profiles: a latent profile analysis
Authors: Schandl Franziska , Fischer Peter , Hudecek Matthias F. C. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAutonomous driving and its acceptance are becoming increasingly important in psychological research as the application of autonomous functions and artificial intelligence in vehicles increases. In this context, potential users are increasingly considered, which is the basis for the successful establishment and use of autonomous vehicles. Numerous studies show an association between personality variables and the acceptance of autonomous vehicles. This makes it more relevant to identify potential user profiles to adapt autonomous vehicles to the potential user and the needs of the potential user groups to marketing them effectively. Our study, therefore, addressed the identification of personality profiles for potential users of autonomous vehicles (AVs). A sample of 388 subjects answered questions about their intention to use autonomous buses, their sociodemographics, and various personality variables. Latent Profile Analysis was used to identify four personality profiles that differed significantly from each other in their willingness to use AVs. In total, potential users with lower anxiety and increased self-confidence were more open toward AVs. Technology affinity as a trait also contributes to the differentiation of potential user profiles and AV acceptance. The profile solutions and the correlations with the intention to use proved to be replicable in cross validation analyses.
Der Schutz von Minderjährigen in der Datenökonomie
Authors: Buchner Benedikt 
Published: December 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Meta-Entscheidung des EuGH vom Juli 2023 bedeutet für die großen Plattformen im Netz
einen tiefgreifenden Einschnitt. Es besteht Einigkeit, dass diese ihr Geschäftsmodell samt rechtlicher
Absicherung grundlegend ändern müssen. Die Einwilligung, die Vertragserfüllung, die Interessenabwägung
– all diese Legitimationsgrundlagen, auf die Plattformen bislang ihre Datenverarbeitung gestützt
haben, müssen in ihrer künftigen Anwendung grundlegend neu gedacht und umgesetzt werden. Nicht
zuletzt gilt dies auch für die Verarbeitung personenbezogener Daten von Minderjährigen, was im
Folgenden näher skizziert werden soll.
Force-based inline detection of wear evolution during blanking of cold rolled steels
Authors: Kubik Christian , Groche Peter 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBlanking plays a crucial role in the metalworking industry as this forming operation defines the final geometric and functional properties of the product. However, the occurrence of wear, as a process-related uncertainty, has a significant impact on the product properties, so it is necessary to determine the occurrence and evolution of wear inline. As current methods are mainly limited to empirical wear monitoring and do not allow differentiation between the type of wear and its location on the tool, a method for monitoring wear based on the blanking force is established. To this end, an optical system is first constructed to observe the evolution of wear during the blanking process and to understand its occurrence. Four main types of wear are found in the processing of cold-rolled steels: adhesion and abrasion on the lateral surfaces, rounding of the cutting edge and chipping at the reversal point. To quantify the wear inline during blanking, features are extracted from the process force and correlated with the occurrence of each type of wear. Since high correlation coefficients are found between process force-based features and the form, size and localization of wear, the proposed method is suitable for inline monitoring of wear evolution in real blanking processes.
Potassium ion pre-intercalated MnO2 for aqueous multivalent ion batteries
Authors: Xu Zikang , Ren Ruiqi , Ren Hang , Zhang Jingyuan , Yang Jinyao , Qiu Jiawen , Zhang Yizhou , Zhu Guoyin , Huang Liang , Dong Shengyang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractManganese dioxide (MnO2), as a cathode material for multivalent ion (such as Mg2+ and Al3+) storage, is investigated due to its high initial capacity. However, during multivalent ion insertion/extraction, the crystal structure of MnO2 partially collapses, leading to fast capacity decay in few charge/discharge cycles. Here, through pre-intercalating potassium-ion (K+) into δ-MnO2, we synthesize a potassium ion pre-intercalated MnO2, K0.21MnO2·0.31H2O (KMO), as a reliable cathode material for multivalent ion batteries. The as-prepared KMO exhibits a high reversible capacity of 185 mAh/g at 1 A/g, with considerable rate performance and improved cycling stability in 1 mol/L MgSO4 electrolyte. In addition, we observe that aluminum-ion (Al3+) can also insert into a KMO cathode. This work provides a valid method for modification of manganese-based oxides for aqueous multivalent ion batteries.
Graphical Abstract
Odd-even effects in the structure and properties of aryl-substituted aliphatic self-assembled monolayers
Authors: Cyganik Piotr , Terfort Andreas , Zharnikov Michael 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSelf-assembled monolayers (SAMs) represent an important tool in context of nanofabrication and molecular engineering of surfaces and interfaces. The properties of functional SAMs depend not only on the character of the tail groups at the SAM-ambient interface, but are also largely defined by their structure. In its turn, the latter parameter results from a complex interplay of the structural forces and a variety of other factors, including so called odd-even effects, viz. dependence of the SAM structure and properties on the parity of the number (odd or even) of individual building blocks in the backbone of the SAM constituents. The most impressive manifestation of the odd-even effects is the structure of aryl-substituted alkanethiolate SAMs on Au(111) and Ag(111), in which, in spite of the fact that the intermolecular interaction is mostly determined by the aryl part of the monolayers, one observes a pronounced dependence of molecular inclination and, consequently, the packing density of the SAM-forming molecules on the parity of number of methylene units in the alkyl linker. Here we review the properties of the above systems as well as address fundamental reasons behind the odd-even effects, including the existence of a so-called bending potential, which is frequently disregarded in analysis of the structure-building forces. The generality of the odd-even effects in SAMs is additionally supported by the recent data for SAMs on GaAs, scanning tunneling microscopy data for SAMs on Ag(111), and the data for the monolayers with selenolate and carboxyl anchoring groups on Au(111) and Ag(111). The implications of these effects in terms of the control over the packing density and orientation of the tail groups at the SAM-ambient interface, structural perfection, polymorphism, temperature-driven phase transitions, and SAM stability toward such factors as ionizing radiation, exchange reaction, and electrochemical desorption are discussed. These implications place the odd-even effects as an important tool for the design of functional SAMs in context of specific applications.
Deep-kidney: an effective deep learning framework for chronic kidney disease prediction
Authors: Saif Dina , Sarhan Amany M. , Elshennawy Nada M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractChronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of today’s most serious illnesses. Because this disease usually does not manifest itself until the kidney is severely damaged, early detection saves many people’s lives. Therefore, the contribution of the current paper is proposing three predictive models to predict CKD possible occurrence within 6 or 12 months before disease existence namely; convolutional neural network (CNN), long short-term memory (LSTM) model, and deep ensemble model. The deep ensemble model fuses three base deep learning classifiers (CNN, LSTM, and LSTM-BLSTM) using majority voting technique. To evaluate the performance of the proposed models, several experiments were conducted on two different public datasets. Among the predictive models and the reached results, the deep ensemble model is superior to all the other models, with an accuracy of 0.993 and 0.992 for the 6-month data and 12-month data predictions, respectively.
Complete reducibility for Lie subalgebras and semisimplification
Authors: Bate Michael , Böhm Sören , Martin Benjamin , Röhrle Gerhard , Voggesberger Laura 
Published: December 2023

AbstractLet G be a connected reductive linear algebraic group over a field k. Using ideas from geometric invariant theory, we study the notion of G-complete reducibility over k for a Lie subalgebra $${\mathfrak {h}}$$
h
of the Lie algebra $${\mathfrak {g}} = \hbox {Lie} (G)$$

g
=
Lie
(
G
)

of G and prove some results when $${\mathfrak {h}}$$
h
is solvable or $$\textrm{char}\hspace{0.55542pt}(k)= 0$$

char

(
k
)
=
0

. We introduce the concept of a k-semisimplification$${\mathfrak {h}}'$$

h

′

of $${\mathfrak {h}}$$
h
; $${\mathfrak {h}}'$$

h

′

is a Lie subalgebra of $${\mathfrak {g}}$$
g
associated to $${\mathfrak {h}}$$
h
which is G-completely reducible over k. This is the Lie algebra counterpart of the analogous notion for subgroups studied earlier by the first, third and fourth authors. As in the subgroup case, we show that $${\mathfrak {h}}'$$

h

′

is unique up to $$\textrm{Ad}\hspace{0.55542pt}(G(k))$$

Ad

(
G
(
k
)
)

-conjugacy in $${\mathfrak {g}}$$
g
. Moreover, we prove that the two concepts are compatible: for H a closed subgroup of G and $$H'$$

H
′

a k-semisimplification of H, the Lie algebra $$\textrm{Lie}\hspace{0.55542pt}(H')$$

Lie

(

H
′

)

is a k-semisimplification of $$\textrm{Lie}\hspace{0.55542pt}(H)$$

Lie

(
H
)

.
Organisationales Lernen zwischen Kompromiss und Relativierung: Eine empirische Konventionenanalyse organisationaler Lernprozesse im Kontext universitärer Green Offices
Authors: Elven Julia 
Published: December 2023

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag skizziert eine praxistheoretisch fundierte konventionenanalytische Perspektive auf organisationales Lernen. Auf dieser konzeptionellen Basis werden unterschiedliche Formen organisationaler Transformationsprozesse im aneignenden Umgang mit Nachhaltigkeit an Universitäten empirisch herausgearbeitet: Im Rahmen einer vergleichenden Fallanalyse zweier universitärer Green Offices werden die konventionenanalytisch verfassten Begriffe des Kompromisses und der Relativierung genutzt, um unterschiedliche Modi organisationalen Lernens analytisch zu entfalten, zu denen nicht nur strukturelle Veränderungen, sondern auch personelle (Weiter‑)Bildungsprozesse zählen. Abschließend werden erwachsenenbildnerische Implikationen für die pädagogische Begleitung umrissen.