bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parents of children with neurofibromatosis 1: Comparison of maternal and paternal responses
Authors: Dylis AM 
Published: May 2005

Neurofibromatosis 1 (NF) is the most common single gene nervous system disorder. Prior adaptation research to a child's chronic illness has focused on maternal responses. Paternal/maternal comparison studies demonstrated contradictory and inconclusive findings (Katz, 2002), although Ablon (1996; 2000) documented NF gender differences.This study's purpose is to compare paternal/maternal responses from an international sample (N = 337) of parents of children with NF. Parental gender had significant indirect effects on family functioning (r = 0.27, P = 0.000) (Dylis, 2003). Independent T‐tests in this ongoing secondary analyses revealed significant gender differences (P = 0.000) in all coping subscales and uncertainty stress (P = 0.009). These findings might assist in future development of individualized, gender specific parental adaptation interventions.
Sodium ascorbyl phosphate shows in vitro and in vivo efficacy in the prevention and treatment of acne vulgaris
Authors: Klock J. , Ikeno H. , Ohmori K. , Nishikawa T. , Vollhardt J. , Schehlmann V. 
Published: May 2005

SynopsisAcne vulgaris is the most common inflammatory skin disorder and jeopardizes seriously the facial impression of a person. Development of acne involves a complex relation among several causes. Treatment and prevention success can be archived by affecting the main contributors positively like Proprionibacterium acnes or lipid oxidation leading to inflammatory reactions and follicular keratinization. Vitamin C tends to break down in cosmetic formulations resulting in a brownish discoloration. Sodium ascorbyl phosphate (SAP) represents a stable precursor of vitamin C that ensures a constant delivery of vitamin C into the skin. We were able to show that 1% SAP has a strong antimicrobial effect with a log reduction of 5 after 8 h on P. acnes in a time‐kill study. Further on in a human in vivo study with 20 subjects an SAP O/W formulation significantly prevents the UVA‐induced sebum oxidation up to 40%. Finally, we performed an open in vivo study with 60 subjects with a 5% SAP lotion over 12 weeks. The efficacy ranked as excellent and good of SAP was 76.9%, which was superior compared with a widely prescribed acne treatment. In conclusion, these data show that SAP is efficient in the prevention and treatment of acne vulgaris. SAP can be used in a non‐antibiotic and effective treatment or co‐treatment of acne with no side effects, which makes it particularly attractive for cosmetic purposes.
Genetic and environmental influences on conduct disorder: symptom, domain and full‐scale analyses
Authors: Gelhorn Heather L. , Stallings Michael C. , Young Susan E. , Corley Robin P. , Rhee Soo Hyun , Hewitt John K. 
Published: May 2005

Background: We used variable threshold models which accounted for age and gender differences to investigate the genetic and environmental influences on DSM‐IV conduct disorder (CD) at the level of symptoms, aggressive versus non‐aggressive domains, and full‐scale.Method: A community sample of 1100 twin pairs (age 11–18) was interviewed using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children.Results: Behavior genetic model fitting suggested that genetic and environmental influences on individual symptoms varied by symptom. The best‐fitting models for aggressive and non‐aggressive domains, and full‐scale CD included additive genetic effects and unique environmental effects only (AE models). These effects could be constrained across age cohorts and sex. The results suggest that using models that incorporate age‐ and gender‐appropriate thresholds specific to each subject we can account for prevalence differences between cohorts. Heritability estimates were .49, .55 and .53 for the aggressive domain, non‐aggressive domain, and full‐scales, respectively. These results are in contrast to previous research on antisocial behavior measured with the CBCL reporting higher heritability for aggressive versus non‐aggressive domains.Conclusions: Results suggest that individual symptoms of CD may be differentially heritable. Additionally, CD assessed using DSM‐IV criteria may show differing patterns of heritability compared with estimates obtained for other measures of antisocial behavior such as the CBCL.
The genetic‐environmental etiology of parents' perceptions and self‐assessed behaviours toward their 5‐month‐old infants in a large twin and singleton sample
Authors: Boivin Michel , Pérusse Daniel , Dionne Ginette , Saysset Valérie , Zoccolillo Mark , Tarabulsy George M. , Tremblay Nathalie , Tremblay Richard E. 
Published: May 2005

Background: Given the importance of parenting for the child's early socio‐emotional development, parenting perceptions and behaviours, and their correlates, should be assessed as early as possible in the child's life. The goals of the present study were 1) to confirm, in two parallel population‐based samples, including a large sample of twins, the factor structure of a new self‐administered questionnaire assessing both parents’ specific parenting perceptions and behaviours toward their 5‐month‐old infants (i.e., parental self‐efficacy, perceived parental impact, parental hostile‐reactive behaviours and parental overprotection), 2) to identify the specific risk factors associated with the negative side of these parenting dimensions, 3) to document the genetic‐environmental etiology of these parenting dimensions through the twin method.Methods: Parents (2,122 mothers and 1,829 fathers) of 5‐month‐old infants, and parents of 5‐month‐old infant twins (510 families) completed the questionnaire (28 items). The data were submitted to a series of confirmatory factor analyses. The contribution to parenting of a variety of risk factors was examined in the two samples using regression analyses. A series of quantitative genetic analyses were performed to quantify the different sources of variation in parenting.Results: A consistent factor structure was found across informants and across samples. There were significant mean differences in parenting between mothers and fathers, as well as between parents of twins and parents of singletons. A differentiated pattern of association with risk factors was found for each dimension of parenting. The twin analyses revealed that shared environment accounted for each parenting dimension. Maternal hostile‐reactive behaviours were also moderately related to genetic factors in the child and this association was mainly mediated by the infant difficultness.Conclusions: The overall pattern of results was consistent withBelsky's (1984)view of parenting as multiply determined. The longitudinal follow‐up of these families should provide the means for testing developmental models about the determinants and outcomes of these parenting dimensions.
Developmental consequences of poor phonological short‐term memory function in childhood: a longitudinal study
Authors: Gathercole Susan E. , Tiffany Claire , Briscoe Josie , Thorn Annabel ,   The ALSPAC team
Published: May 2005

Background:  A longitudinal study investigated the cognitive skills and scholastic attainments at 8 years of age of children selected on the basis of poor phonological loop skills at 5 years.Methods:  Children with low and average performance at 5 years were tested three years later on measures of working memory, phonological awareness, vocabulary, language, reading, and number skill.Results:  Two subgroups of children with poor early performance on phonological memory tests were identified. In one subgroup, the poor phonological memory skills persisted at 8 years. These children performed at comparable levels to the control group on measures of vocabulary, language and mathematics. They scored more poorly on literacy assessments, but this deficit was associated with group differences in complex memory span and phonological awareness performance. The second subgroup of children performed more highly on phonological memory tests at 8 years, but had enduring deficits in language assessments from 4 to 8 years.Conclusions:  Persistently poor phonological memory skills do not appear to significantly constrain the acquisition of language, mathematics or number skills over the early school years. More general working memory skills do, however, appear to be crucial.
The sinus lift with phycogenic bone substitute
Authors: Simunek Antonin , Cierny Michal , Kopecka Dana , Kohout Ales , Bukac Josef , Vahalova Dagmar 
Published: May 2005

AbstractObjectives: The aim of this histomorphometric prospective study was to ascertain the efficacy of phycogenic bone substitute in an augmented sinus. The process of graft healing, bone remodeling, and biomaterial replacement was examined.Material and methods: The phycogenic material (fluorohydroxyapatite) made from calcium‐encrusted sea algae was used for the sinus lifts. Twenty‐four procedures were carried out (one‐stage and two‐stage equally) and 45 titanium stepped‐screw implants were placed. The patients were followed for 12–23 months. In intervals of 6, 9, 12, or 15 months after the sinus lift, 24 graft specimens were taken with a trephine bur. These specimens were examined histomorphometrically.Results: The grafting material was gradually resorbed and replaced by newly formed bone. Between the sixth and 15th month after the sinus lift, the percentage of newly formed bone grew linearly (from 15.5±9.6% to 40.8±15.3%) and the percentage of bone substitute decreased linearly (from 34.5±8.6% to 13±9.6%). After 15 months, the density of trabeculae in grafted bone corresponded to cancellous bone of good quality; however, the bone substitute was not completely resorbed during this period. No significant difference between the quality of the newly formed bone in the cases of the one‐ and two‐stage sinus lifts was found.Conclusion: Sinus lift carried out with phycogenic bone substitute was shown to be an effective method with limited invasiveness and a high survival rate of implants (97.8%).
Oxidized titanium implants (Nobel Biocare® TiUnite™) compared with turned titanium implants (Nobel Biocare® mark III™) with respect to implant failure in a group of consecutive patients treated with early functional loading and two‐stage protocol
Authors: Jungner Måns , Lundqvist Peter , Lundgren Stefan 
Published: May 2005

AbstractObjectives: The purpose of this study was to compare two implant types of similar shape but with different surfaces with respect to implant failure.Material and methods: A total of 136 patients were treated with Nobel Biocare® Implants between January 2001 and December 2002. Totally 394 implants were placed, of which 199 were oxidized titanium implants (Nobel Biocare® TiUnite™) and 195 with turned titanium surface (Nobel Biocare® Mark III™). Sixty‐three patients underwent a one‐stage surgical protocol, of which 24 were objected to early functional loading. The remaining 73 patients were treated with a traditional two‐stage surgical protocol. All patients were followed for a minimum of 5 months after loading of the implants. Implants were classified as survivals when clinically stable and fulfilling purported function without any discomfort to the patient, with no signs of infection or ongoing pathologic process.Results: Seven implants were lost in five patients (two males and three females), six in the maxilla and one in the mandible. All failed implants were Mark III implants, inserted following the traditional two‐stage protocol. The implant success rate was 98.2% for the whole‐patient group, divided as a 100% success rate following the implants with oxidized surface (Nobel Biocare® TiUnite™) compared with a success rate of 96.4% with implants with turned surface (Nobel Biocare® Mark III™).
Technical and biological complications/failures with single crowns and fixed partial dentures on implants: a 10‐year prospective cohort study
Authors: Brägger Urs , Karoussis Ioannis , Persson Rutger , Pjetursson Bjarni , Salvi Giovanni , Lang Niklaus P. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractObjectives: To assess prospectively over 10 years the incidences of technical and/or biological complications and failures occurring in a cohort of consecutive partially edentulous patients with fixed reconstructions on implants of the ITI® Dental Implant System.Methods: Eighty‐nine patients were available, 34 (38.2%) were male, 55 (61.8%) were female. At the 10‐year examination (range 8–12 years), they were 58.9 years old (range 28–88 years).Results: Single crowns (SC): 48 patients had been restored with 69 SC on 69 implants. Five of the implants with the crowns were lost because of biological failures. Two crowns (2.9%) were remade because of technical failures. Total failure amounted to seven (10%). Implant borne fixed partial dentures (I‐I FPD): In 29 patients who had been restored with 33 implant borne suprastructures, the total number of failed I‐I FPD was 2 (6.1%). Tooth–implant borne fixed partial dentures (I‐T FPD): In 21 patients, 22 mixed tooth–implant borne reconstructions were constructed. The number of failed FPD reached 7 (31.8%). Statistically significantly fewer biological failures occurred with I‐I FPD compared with the I‐T FPDs (ANOVA, Bonferroni, P=0.022). The I‐T FPDs experienced statistically significantly more frequent technical failures compared with the other two groups of suprastructures (P=0.003, 0.031). Consequences of complications: The occurrence of loss of retention as a complication increased the odds ratio (OR) to 17.6 (P<0.001) to end up in a technical failure. Similarly, the event of a porcelain fracture increased the OR for the suprastructure to be a failure at 10 years to 11.0 (P≤0.004). Treatment of periimplantitis increased the OR to 5.44 (P≤0.011) to result in a biological failure compared with implants in which this type of treatment was not applied.Conclusion: The three groups of suprastructures demonstrated marked differences in their patterns of failures and complications. Complications increased the risk for failure. Support by CRF, University of Berne, Switzerland.
A prospective 3‐year study of fixed bridges linking Astra Tech ST implants to natural teeth
Authors: Palmer R. M. , Howe L. C. , Palmer P. J. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractBackground: Connecting teeth and osseointegrated implants in fixed reconstructions is not generally recommended because of differences in their response to loading.Aim: The aim of the present study was to assess the clinical and radiographic performance of the teeth and implants used to support three unit fixed bridges subjected to normal functional loads.Subjects and methods: Nineteen subjects (10 males, nine females, age range 27–65 years) with an edentulous posterior free end saddle in either maxilla or mandible (Kennedy Class 2), and opposing natural teeth or a tooth‐supported fixed bridge were treated and completed the 3‐year trial. An Astra Tech ST implant (length: 9 mm (n=2), 11 mm (n=9) or 13 mm (n=8); diameter: 4.5 mm) was placed immediately distal to the last tooth or leaving a single premolar sized space. The distal tooth received a gold coping and the implant was restored with a customised Prepable abutment (Astra Tech Profile BiAbutment: diameter 5.5 or 7 mm). A fixed bridge was placed linking the gold coping and implant abutment either with the pontic as a distal cantilever (n=6, length 7–8 mm) or as a fixed–fixed design (n=13, length 6–12 mm). Standardised radiographs and clinical records were taken at delivery of the prosthesis (baseline BL) and annually.Results: Plaque scores at implant sites increased between BL and subsequent years (P<0.02). Statistically significant increases in probing depth were observed at both abutment teeth and implants between baseline and subsequent years (P<0.001). Marginal bone levels (mm) at the implant and tooth were stable between BL, 1‐, 2‐ and 3‐year examinations (implant: BL 0.65±0.42, 1 year 0.63±0.47, 2 years 0.88±0.55, 3 years 0.78±0.64; tooth: BL 2.29±0.82, 1 year 2.41±0.8, 2 years 2.38±1.02, 3 years 2.68±0.86). No signs of the intrusion of the abutment teeth were detected. One case of abutment screw loosening occurred. Eight bridges required re‐cementation with a permanent cement in place of the temporary cement. There were eight subjects presenting with fractures/chips to the composite component of the bridges.Conclusion: The 3‐year results demonstrate fully functional successful restorations with no evidence of tooth intrusion and with stable bone levels at both teeth and implants.
The impact of nicotine on bone healing and osseointegration
Authors: Balatsouka Dimitra , Gotfredsen Klaus , Lindh Christian H. , Berglundh Tord 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
Objectives: To examine the short‐term effect of nicotine on bone healing and osseointegration.Material and methods: Sixteen female rabbits were divided into two groups. The test group was exposed to nicotine tartrate for 8 weeks and the control group was exposed to placebo. Nicotine or placebo was administered via a miniosmotic pump and plasma cotinine levels were measured weekly. The pump delivered 15 mg of nicotine/day for the animals in the test group. All rabbits had three tibial bone preparations. In the proximal and distal bone bed, implants were placed after 4 weeks (right tibia) and after 6 weeks (left tibia). Thus, 2‐ and 4‐week healing groups were created. Removal torque test (RMT) was performed at the distal implants. Ground sections were made from the proximal and the central bone beds. The fraction of mineralized bone in contact to the implant (BIC) and the bone density within the implant threads (BD‐i) were determined for the bone–implant specimens. For the central bone beds without implants the bone density (BD‐c) in the bone defects was determined.Results: No significant difference in RMT values was found between the test and the control group. Histomorphometric measurements of the BIC and the peri‐implant BD‐i showed no significant differences between the test and the control group after 2 or 4 weeks. Significant differences were, however, found between the 2‐ and 4‐week samples. In the central bone beds, there was no significant difference in BD‐c between the test and the control group.Conclusion: Nicotine exposure in a short period of time did not have a significant impact on bone healing or implant osseointegration in rabbits.
Nonsynchronous Vibration (NSV) due to a Flow-Induced Aerodynamic
Instability in a Composite Fan Stator
Authors: Sanders A. J. 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
This paper describes the identification and prediction of a new class of nonsynchronous vibration (NSV) problem encountered during the development of an advanced design composite fan stator for an aircraft engine application. Variable exhaust nozzle testing on an instrumented engine is used to map out the NSV boundary, with both choke- and stall-side instability zones present that converge toward the nominal fan operating line and place a limit on the high-speed operating range. Time-accurate three-dimensional viscous CFD analyses are used to demonstrate that the NSV instability is being driven by dynamic stalling of the fan stator due to unsteady shock-boundary layer interaction. The effects of downstream struts in the front frame of the engine are found to exasperate the problem, with the two fat service struts in the bypass duct generating significant spatial variations in the stator flow field. Strain gage measurements indicate that the stator vanes experiencing the highest vibratory strains correspond to the low static pressure regions of the fan stator assembly located approximately 90 degrees away from the two fat struts. The CFD analyses confirm the low static pressure sectors of the stator assembly are the passages in which the flow-induced NSV instability is initiated due to localized choking phenomena. The CFD predictions of the instability frequency are in reasonable agreement with the strain gage data, with the strain gage data indicating that the NSV response occurs at a frequency approximately 25% below the frequency of the fundamental bending mode. The flow patterns predicted by the CFD analyses are also correlated with the results of an engine flow visualization test to demonstrate the complex nature of the flow field.
Adiabatic Effectiveness Measurements of Endwall Film-Cooling for a
First-Stage Vane
Authors: Knost D. G. , Thole K. A. 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
In gas turbine development, the direction has been toward higher turbine inlet temperatures to increase the work output and thermal efficiency. This extreme environment can significantly impact component life. One means of preventing component burnout in the turbine is to effectively use film-cooling whereby coolant is extracted from the compressor and injected through component surfaces. One such surface is the endwall of the first-stage nozzle guide vane. This paper presents measurements of two endwall film-cooling hole patterns combined with cooling from a flush slot that simulates leakage flow between the combustor and turbine sections. Adiabatic effectiveness measurements showed the slot flow adequately cooled portions of the endwall. Measurements also showed two very difficult regions to cool, including the leading edge and pressure side-endwall junction. As the momentum flux ratios were increased for the film-cooling jets in the stagnation region, the coolant was shown to impact the vane and wash down onto the endwall surface. Along the pressure side of the vane in the upstream portion of the passage, the jets were shown to separate from the surface rather than penetrate to the pressure surface. In the downstream portion of the passage, the jets along the pressure side of the vane were shown to impact the vane thereby eliminating any uncooled regions at the junction. The measurements were also combined with computations to show the importance of considering the trajectory of the flow in the near-wall region, which can be highly influenced by slot leakage flows.
Experimental Investigation of a Transonic Aspirated
Compressor
Authors: Schuler Brian J. , Kerrebrock Jack L. , Merchant Ali 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
The experimental investigation of a transonic aspirated stage demonstrating the application of boundary layer aspiration to increase stage work is presented. The stage was designed to produce a pressure ratio of 1.6 at a tip speed of 750ft∕s resulting in a stage work coefficient of 0.88. The primary aspiration requirement for the stage is a bleed fraction 0.5% of the inlet mass flow on the rotor and stator suction surfaces. Additional aspiration totaling 2.8% was also used at shock impingement locations and other locations on the hub and casing walls. Detailed rotor and stator flow field measurements, which include time-accurate and ensemble-averaged data, are presented and compared to three-dimensional viscous computational analyses of the stage. The stage achieved a peak pressure ratio of 1.58 and through-flow efficiency of 90% at the design point. In addition, the stage demonstrated good performance with an aspiration lower than the design requirement, and a significant off-design flow range below that predicted by the computational analysis.