bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Symmetric Galerkin BEM for multi‐connected bodies
Authors: Pérez‐Gavilán J. J. , Aliabadi M. H. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this paper, it is shown that the symmetric Galerkin boundary element formulation cannot be used in its standard form for multiple connected bodies. This is because the traction integral equation used for boundaries with Neuman boundary condition give non‐unique solutions. While this fact is well known from the classical theory of integral equations, the problem has not been fully addressed in the literature related to symmetric Galerkin formulations. In this paper, the problem is reviewed and a general way to deal with it is proposed. The details of the numerical implementation are discussed and an example is solved to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed solution. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Color control of interference pigments dispersed in translucent media
Authors: Kann Yelena , Maznev Alexei 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis article presents a method of evaluating the color of special‐effect pigments dispersed in translucent media and of characterizing the color of such media. An analytical model eliminating the effect of sample thickness variations is proposed. The method is based on reflectance measurements against both white and black backgrounds and is applied to the flexible poly(vinyl chloride) model for the quality control of pearlescent/interference/aluminum pigments based on the calculated color differences and for creating a color‐matching database for computer color formulation. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 27, 83–87, 2002; DOI 10.1002/col.10032
SPiDER—An advanced symbolic debugger for Fortran 90/HPF programs
Authors: Fahringer T. , Sowa‐Piekło K. , Czerwiński P. , Brezany P. , Bubak M. , Koppler R. , Wismüller R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDebuggers play an important role in developing parallel applications. They are used to control the state of many processes, to present distributed information in a concise and clear way, to observe the execution behavior, and to detect and locate programming errors. More sophisticated debugging systems also try to improve understanding of global execution behavior and intricate details of a program. In this paper we describe the design and implementation of SPiDER, which is an interactive source‐level debugging system for both regular and irregular High‐Performance Fortran (HPF) programs. SPiDER combines a base debugging system for message‐passing programs with a high‐level debugger that interfaces with an HPF compiler. SPiDER, in addition to conventional debugging functionality, allows a single process of a parallel program to be expected or the entire program to be examined from a global point of view. A sophisticated visualization system has been developed and included in SPiDER to visualize data distributions, data‐to‐processor mapping relationships, and array values. SPiDER enables a programmer to dynamically change data distributions as well as array values. For arrays whose distribution can change during program execution, an animated replay displays the distribution sequence together with the associated source code location. Array values can be stored at individual execution points and compared against each other to examine execution behavior (e.g. convergence behavior of a numerical algorithm). Finally, SPiDER also offers limited support to evaluate the performance of parallel programs through a graphical load diagram. SPiDER has been fully implemented and is currently being used for the development of various real‐world applications. Several experiments are presented that demonstrate the usefulness of SPiDER. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Parallel implementation of the fluid particle model for simulating complex fluids in the mesoscale
Authors: Boryczko Krzysztof , Dzwinel Witold , Yuen David A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDissipative particle dynamics (DPD) and its generalization—the fluid particle model (FPM)—represent the ‘fluid particle’ approach for simulating fluid‐like behavior in the mesoscale. Unlike particles from the molecular dynamics (MD) method, the ‘fluid particle’ can be viewed as a ‘droplet’ consisting of liquid molecules. In the FPM, ‘fluid particles’ interact by both central and non‐central, short‐range forces with conservative, dissipative and Brownian character. In comparison to MD, the FPM method in three dimensions requires two to three times more memory load and a three times greater communication overhead. Computational load per step per particle is comparable to MD due to the shorter interaction range allowed between ‘fluid particles’ than between MD atoms. The classical linked‐cells technique and decomposing the computational box into strips allow for rapid modifications of the code and for implementing non‐cubic computational boxes. We show that the efficiency of the FPM code depends strongly on the number of particles simulated, the geometry of the box and the computer architecture. We give a few examples from long FPM simulations involving up to 8 million fluid particles and 32 processors. Results from FPM simulations in three dimensions of the phase separation in binary fluid and dispersion of the colloidal slab are presented. A scaling law for symmetric quench in phase separation has been properly reconstructed. We also show that the microstructure of dispersed fluid depends strongly on the contrast between the kinematic viscosities of this fluid phase and the bulk phase. This FPM code can be applied for simulating mesoscopic flow dynamics in capillary pipes or critical flow phenomena in narrow blood vessels. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Agoraphobia without history of panic disorder
Authors: Hedley Liv Margaret , Hoffart Asle 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to discuss the validity of the DSM‐diagnosis agoraphobia without history of panic disorder. The question posed is whether agoraphobia without history of panic disorder is a separate entity, or whether it is related to panic disorder. Research papers, including population‐based as well as clinical studies, have been reviewed. The inconclusiveness of the research together with methodological deficits do not constitute sufficient evidence to conclude that agoraphobia without history of panic disorder is a separate category. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cellular non‐linear networks for minimization of functionals. Part 2: Examples
Authors: Bizzarri Federico , Storace Marco , Parodi Mauro 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA method for the definition of cellular non‐linear networks able to find approximate minima of rather a large class of continuous functionals is illustrated through three examples. The method, based on the spatial discretization of continuous functionals and on the theory of potential functions for resistive circuits, has been presented in Part 1 of this paper. The first example (related to electromagnetic‐field theory) has the main purpose to show some aspects of the application procedure. The other two examples concern, respectively, a possible image‐processing application of the method (where a parallel processing is highly desirable) and a comparison with another method proposed in the literature on CNNs. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Flow cytometric analysis of breast cancer resistance protein expression and function
Authors: Minderman Hans , Suvannasankha Attaya , O'Loughlin Kieran L. , Scheffer George L. , Scheper Rik J. , Robey Robert W. , Baer Maria R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundThe breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) is an ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) half‐transporter that mediates energy‐dependent drug efflux. Assessing the clinical relevance of the BCRP will require sensitive and specific methods for detecting its expression and function that allow high‐volume specimen throughput and employ widely available instrumentation.MethodsThe BXP‐34 and BXP‐21 monoclonal antibodies were evaluated for flow cytometric detection of BCRP expression. The modulation of efflux of rhodamine‐123, 3,3′‐diethyloxacarbocyanine iodide, doxorubicin, and mitoxantrone by fumitremorgin C was studied as an assay for BCRP function in BCRP‐overexpressing cell lines and controls.ResultsBXP‐34 and BXP‐21 allowed detection of BCRP expression by flow cytometry in all BCRP‐expressing cell lines. Mitoxantrone was the only substrate transported by BCRP in all lines, and with mitoxantrone at a 3‐μM concentration, light emission (>670 nm) caused by excitation at 488 nm was sufficiently intense to allow detection of differences in retention associated with low levels of BCRP expression.ConclusionsImmunophenotyping with BXP‐21 or BXP‐34 and fumitremorgin C modulation of mitoxantrone retention allow detection of BCRP expression and function by flow cytometry with standard instrumentation. These assays will facilitate determination of the role of BCRP in clinical drug resistance. Cytometry 48:59–65, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Design of the ATM‐based interconnecting network of the access segment of future cellular systems
Authors: Demestichas P. P. , Louta M. D. , Tzifa E. C. , Demesticha V. P. , Theologou M. E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAn important issue in future cellular communication systems is the design of the interconnecting network of their access segment. This problem aims at finding the minimum‐cost configuration of cell site switches (CSSs) and local exchanges (LEs) given the base transceiver station (BTS) layout. An extended version of the problem may also comprise the deployment of mobility and service control points‐access (MSCPs‐A), based on the assumption that CSSs and LEs are not fully capable of handling the logic of the cellular system. In this paper we solve the extended problem, under the additional assumption that the communication among the network elements is based on the ATM technique. The problem is formally defined, optimally formulated, and solved by computationally efficient heuristics. Finally, results are provided and subsequent conclusions are drawn. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
RQRP protocol for video delivery over IP
Authors: Lee B. S. , Yeo C. K. , Poon S. M. , Song J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe Digital Audio‐Visual Council has adopted the Request/Reply (RQRP) protocol, proposed by one of the authors, for the delivery mechanism of MPEG video streams. In this paper, we investigate the network characteristics of the RQRP protocol and analyse the protocol's performance via both simulation as well as actual experimental results. In this simulation, the RQRP protocol was mathematically an ideal model first and later, a feedback control system. Simulation results showed that, for both models, the network traffic is able to follow the playout rate at the receiver. In the case of the latter, which involves a simpler implementation, oscillation in network traffic is observed. A video‐on‐demand (VoD) system using the RQRP protocol was developed and experiments were performed. The results obtained are consistent with the simulation results. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Level crossing rate and average fade duration for pure selection and threshold selection diversity‐combining systems
Authors: Yacoub M. D. , da Silva C. R. C. M. , Vargas B J. E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractExact and closed‐form expressions for the level crossing rate and average fade duration are presented for the M‐branch Pure Selection Combining and for the two‐branch Threshold Selection Combining schemes, assuming independent branches in a Rayleigh environment. The analytical results are thoroughly validated by reducing the general case to some special cases, for which the solutions are known, and by means of simulation for the more general case. The plots presented here are also compared with those of the general solution recently published for the Equal Gain and Maximal Ratio Combining and an agreeable coherence is found. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cytodiagnosis of bile microspheroliths: A case report
Authors: Sandmeier D. , Mihaescu A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe recently observed numerous microspheroliths consisting of microscopic organized crystalline structures of varying shapes, sizes, and colors in a bile specimen from a 65‐yr‐old woman obtained directly from the gallbladder during a surgical procedure for cholecystectomy. Detection of microspheroliths could be very useful in the diagnostic approach to patients with recurrent pain in the biliary region or with acute pancreatitis of unknown origin. To date, we are unaware of any cytologic reports describing microspheroliths in bile. Diagn. Cytopathol. 24:247–248, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Carcinoma of temporal bone, base of the skull: Diagnosis by needle aspiration cytology
Authors: Zaharopoulos Paul 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe report on a 68‐yr‐old male with a destructive bone lesion involving the temporal bone at the skull base extending to surrounding osseous structures and the infratemporal fossa, defined by needle aspiration cytology as carcinoma in association with inflammatory reaction, bacterial type, and bone destruction. The technique of the aspiration, which was performed by a cytopathologist directing a spinal needle into the region of the destroyed temporal bone as outlined in the radiographs of prior magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), is discussed. The application of this technique in the cytologic sampling of deeper lesions usually of soft or ossecus tissues not accessible to ordinary fine‐needle aspiration is presented. There is also a brief discussion of neoplastic lesions involving the temporal bone at the skull base and the anatomic concerns in sampling lesions in this difficult‐to‐approach region of the body. Diagn. Cytopathol. 24:356–360, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fine‐needle aspiration diagnosis of medulloblastoma metastatic to the pelvis
Authors: New Kent C. , Bulsara Ketan R. , Dodd Leslie G. , Cummings Thomas J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA 25‐yr‐old male presented with a cerebellar mass, underwent a suboccipital craniotomy, and was diagnosed with medulloblastoma. Six months later he developed a large mass in the right iliac crest. Fine‐needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) confirmed the diagnosis of metastatic medulloblastoma. The diagnosis of metastatic medulloblastoma is usually suspected clinically or radiographically, and is uncommonly confirmed by cytologic evaluation. Here we report on a rare case of FNAB used to diagnose metastatic medulloblastoma. Diagn. Cytopathol. 24:361–363, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinical relevance of benign endometrial cells in postmenopausal women
Authors: Ashfaq Raheela , Sharma Suash , Dulley Tara , Saboorian M. Hossein , Siddiqui Momin T. , Warner Claudia 
Published: August 2002

AbstractOur objective was to determine if the finding of benign endometrial cells on a Papanicolaou (Pap) smear of a postmenopausal woman is associated with endometrial/uterine pathology, independent of symptomatology and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) status. The medical records of 146 postmenopausal patients who had a Pap smear showing normal‐appearing endometrial cells between January 9, 1997 and January 12, 2000 were reviewed. Uterine pathology for each patient was determined by reviewing the results of endometrial sampling (endometrial biopsy or dilatation and curettage), hysterectomy, or pelvic sonogram, which were performed within 24 mo of the cytologic smear. The results were then correlated with clinical symptomatology and HRT status of each patient at the time the cytologic smear was obtained. Of the 146 Pap smears coded with “endometrial cells in a postmenopausal woman,” 50 were excluded due to prior hysterectomy, perimenopausal status, and absence of further follow‐up. Of the remaining 96 women, 27 (28%) had benign pathologic findings including polyps, leiomyomata, and simple hyperplasia without atypia, whereas 11 (12%) had significant pathologic findings including hyperplasia with atypia, adenocarcinoma, mixed Mullerian tumor, and leiomyosarcoma. Of the 11 patients with significant pathology, only one patient did not have abnormal vaginal bleeding but instead had a 30‐wk‐size irregular uterus on examination, and only 2 patients received hormone replacement therapy. In conclusion, Reporting endometrial cells on Pap smears in postmenopausal women did not lead to the diagnosis of any cases of significant pathology that would have gone unsuspected clinically. Moreover, HRT status did not affect the incidence of normal endometrial cells on Pap smears in postmenopausal women, nor did it aid in distinguishing which postmenopausal women had endometrial/uterine pathology. This calls into question the usefulness of the current Bethesda guideline to report “benign endometrial cells in a postmenopausal woman.” Diagn. Cytopathol. 25:235–238, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Liesegang rings in a submental mass: Fine‐needle aspiration with histologic correlation
Authors: Pavot Dawn R. , Atkins Kristen A. , Powers Celeste N. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractLiesegang rings are lamellated concretions commonly found in chronic cystic lesions that are inflamed, necrotic, fibrotic, or hemorrhagic. We report on an unusual case of a 14‐yr‐old girl with an acute, rapidly enlarging solid submental mass in which Liesegang rings were identified on aspirate smears. Diagn. Cytopathol. 25:331–333, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Extracellular ATP regulation of airway secretion
Authors: Shimura Sanae 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBoth the superficial epithelium and submucosal glands play a role in airway secretion. Electrophysiological experiments showed that extracellular ATP induced an initial transient increase in Cl– secretion followed by a prolonged inhibition of Na+ absorption in rabbit tracheal epithelium, which lacks submucosal glands. The response to ATP was mimicked by UTP or ATPγS in untreated normal epithelium, suggesting a P2U‐type receptor in the epithelium. Meanwhile, in tracheal epithelium from SO2‐induced bronchitic rabbit ATP induced a prolonged increase in Cl– secretion without a decrease in Na+ absorption, which was mimicked by adenosine or isoproterenol (ISP). The alteration in the bronchitic epithelium was shown to result from a newly expressed CFTR by both immunohistological and Northern blot analysis. Patch‐clamp experiments showed that ATP induced an initial Cl– current followed by K+ current in acinar cells of submucosal glands isolated from feline and human trachea. Although ISP alone or adenosine did not evoke any significant current responses, ISP augmented the ATP‐induced Cl– and K+ currents. A phosphodiesterase inhibitor, 3‐isobutyl‐1‐methylxanthine (IBMX), mimicked the augmentation by ISP. ATP also induced an increase in [Ca2+]i in acinar cells of submucosal glands, which was augmented by ISP. Mucus glycoprotein (MGP) secretion from isolated submucosal glands was also stimulated by ATP but not by adenosine. The ATP‐induced MGP secretion was augmented by ISP. These findings suggest that P2‐receptor stimulation and the resultant [Ca2+]i‐rise induce both electrolyte and MGP secretion, which is enhanced by [cAMP]i‐rise in airway submucosal glands. Drug Dev. Res. 52:170–177, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinical experience with antithrombotic drugs acting on purine receptor pathways
Authors: Storey Robert F. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractRupture of atherosclerotic plaques and subsequent thrombus formation in coronary arteries are key events in the progression of coronary artery disease and the pathogenesis of acute coronary syndromes. Platelets play a crucial role in this thrombus formation and the success of aspirin in reducing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality has spurred on the search for antiplatelet agents that have an alternative mechanism of action and may, therefore, add to the therapeutic effects of aspirin. The thienopyridines, ticlopidine and clopidogrel, act via metabolites on the platelet ADP receptor subtype designated P2T, and these agents have proven clinical efficacy, either as alternatives to aspirin or, in prevention of coronary stent thrombosis, in combination with aspirin. Potent P2T receptor antagonists have been developed that act directly on the receptor and have a rapid onset of action. One such antagonist, AR‐C69931MX, is being developed for clinical use. AR‐C69931MX is a potent antagonist of ADP‐induced platelet activation, aggregation, and secretion and also antagonises platelet responses to all other agonists in view of the central role of the P2T receptor in amplifying platelet responses. Phase II studies of intravenous AR‐C69931MX in patients with acute coronary syndromes show that this agent has a rapid onset of action, rapidly achieving steady‐state inhibition of platelet aggregation, with a half‐life of only a few minutes. AR‐C69931MX appears to be safe and well tolerated as adjunctive therapy in these patients, and more effective inhibition of platelet function is achieved than with the thienopyridine clopidogrel. Orally active antagonists are also being developed that may be more effective than the thienopyridines. Drug Dev. Res. 52:202–212, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neuroprotection during hypoxic insults: Role of adenosine
Authors: Sebastião Ana M. , de Mendonça Alexandre , Ribeiro J. Alexandre 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAdenosine is released from neurones and from glial cells during hypoxic and ischaemic episodes, and, by operating membrane A1 receptors, acts as a neuroprotective agent. Evidence for this neuroprotective role of adenosine is supplied by both in vivo and in vitro studies. By evaluating the action of hypoxia on synaptic transmission in hippocampal slices, it has been shown that substances that are also released during hypoxia, such as γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA), acetylcholine, and even glutamate may also have a neuroprotective role; however their action is evident only when activation of adenosine A1 receptors is impaired. We propose that adenosine A1 receptors have a pivotal role during hypoxia, though other substances can operate in a redundant or even overprotective manner, acting as a substitute for some adenosine actions when the nucleoside is not operative. Drug Dev. Res. 52:291–295, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.