bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of hypoglycemic events with cognitive impairment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: Protocol for a dose-response meta-analysis
Authors: Ye Min , Yuan Ai Hong , Yang Qi Qi , Li Qun Wei , Li Fei Yue , Wei Yan 
Published: February 2024

Introduction
With an incidence rate as high as 46%-58%, hypoglycemia is a common complication of glycemic management among those suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM). According to preclinical research, hypoglycemia episodes may impair cognition by harming neurons. However, there is still controversy regarding the clinical evidence for the relationship between hypoglycemic events and the likelihood of cognitive impairment. Furthermore, little research has been done on the dose-response association between hypoglycemia incidents and the possibility of cognitive impairment. To address these knowledge gaps, the present research intends to update the comprehension of the association among hypoglycemic events and the risk of cognitive impairment and to clarify the correlation between dose and response by incorporating the most recent investigations.

Method and analysis
This work has developed a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis that will examine, via a well-organized assessment of several databases, the relationship between the incidence of hypoglycemia and the probability of cognitive impairment. Observational studies investigating the connection between hypoglycemia episodes and cognitive impairment will be included. The databases that will be searched are PubMed, Web of Science, the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), Cochrane Library, Embase, the China National Knowledge (CNKI), Wan Fang, the Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database (VIP), and Du Xiu. Literature from the establishment of each database to December 2023 will be included in the search. Two researchers will independently screen the studies that satisfy the requirements for both inclusion and exclusion. A third researcher will be asked to mediate any disputes. The methodological caliber of the studies included will be assessed utilizing the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) or the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal method. With regard to GRADE, which stands for Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation, the quality of the evidence will be evaluated. ROBIS Tool will be used to evaluate the risk of bias in the development of the systematic review. If the data is accessible, meta-analysis and dose-response curve analysis will be employed by Stata software. However, if the data does not allow for such analysis, a descriptive review will be performed.

Discussion and conclusion
Hypoglycemic episodes may raise the likelihood of cognitive impairment, according to earlier investigations. This study will update the relevant evidence and explore the dose-response connection between hypoglycemic episodes and cognitive impairment. The results of this review will have significant effects on decision-making by individuals with diabetes, healthcare providers, and government policy institutions.

Trial registration
Prospero registration number: CRD42023432352.
Prevalence of body mass index categories among adults living alone in China: Observational study
Authors: Li Zhixuan , Yan Mengmeng , Liu Yingying 
Published: February 2024

Background
Adults living alone represent a growing population group in China. Understanding the prevalence of body mass index (BMI) categories and their associations with demographic and lifestyle factors among this group is essential for informing targeted interventions and public health policies.

Methods
In this population-based cross-sectional study, we used individual-level data from the 2011–2021 China General Social Survey. Main outcomes were prevalence of BMI categories adjusted for gender and age, using logistic regression and model-predicted marginal prevalence to estimate BMI categories prevalence.

Results
We analyzed 9,077 single-living Chinese adult participants. The primary-adjusted prevalence of BMI categories varied across different genders and age groups. Underweight was more prevalent in females (12.73%; 95% CI: 12.31% - 13.14%) than in males (7.54%; 95% CI: 7.19% - 7.88%), while overweight and obesity were higher in males. Primary-adjusted underweight prevalence was highest among the 18–24 years age group (22.09%; 95% CI: 20.17% - 24.01%) and decreased with age. Primary-adjusted overweight prevalence increased with age, peaking in the 45–54 years age group (41.94%; 95% CI: 40.96% - 42.93%). Primary-adjusted obesity prevalence exhibited a fluctuating pattern across age groups, with the highest prevalence observed in the 45–54 years age group (9.81%; 95% CI: 9.19% - 10.44%).

Conclusion
Our findings reveal significant associations between BMI categories and demographic and lifestyle factors among adults living alone in China. These results can inform targeted interventions and public health policies aimed at promoting healthy weight management and addressing the unique health challenges faced by single-living individuals in China.
Photocatalytic and Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER) of Novel Supercritical Fluid Synthesized Nanobiocomposite MoS2/Silk G
Authors: Chetana S. , Guddappa Halligudra , Upadhyay Sanjay , Joshi Naveen Chandra , Niraj Kumar  , Choudhary Priyvart , Thakur Vikas N. 
Published: January 2024

The photocatalytic activity and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) of MoS2 and silk graphene (silk G) composite synthesized using supercritical fluids and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) methods were investigated for their potential application in photocatalysis. This material was subjected to characterize by XRD, TEM, SEM and FTIR techniques to demonstrate that MoS2/silk G composite still existed in the supercritical fluids methods obtained MoS2 & MoS2/silk G. The optical features of MoS2 was improved by introduction of silk G, which inturn caused shift in band gap from 1.65 to 1.85 eV. Within visible region, creation of high electron-hole pairs is possible by adequate band gap modifications. The fast movement of photo-induced charge carrier can be enhanced by silk G as they decrease the recombination activity. Additionally, the MoS2/silk G shows high oxygen evolution reaction with low Tafel slope of 157.2 mV dec-1 and low overpotential of 603 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm-2. The present study signifies that with addition of silk G in the MoS2 host improved the photocatalytic activity by 13% and electrocatalytic activity by nearly 5% compared to bare MoS2 nanoparticles.
Institutionalization in Turkish sports club: The case of Galatasaray
Authors: Avşar Uğur , Kurtipek Serkan 
Published: February 2024

This study aims to evaluate institutionalization in Turkish sports clubs from a financial perspective and analyze it in terms of management practices through the case of Galatasaray Sports Club. In the study, the mixed method in which quantitative and qualitative methods are used, respectively, financial analysis and document analysis, was preferred. According to the analysis, it can be said that low-cost and high value-added sporting achievements may be needed to ensure a financially sustainable management approach. Accordingly, it is among the findings of the study that it is important to create a system for institutionalization rather than highlighting individuals for success. Based on all the analyses, it has been concluded that institutionalization has not been achieved in the Club management in terms of financial and managerial aspects. It is considered essential for the institutionalization of Galatasaray that management is elected with the increase in the number of members, professional managers whose responsibilities are determined by the statute and whose salaries are announced in the general assembly, and sports achievements with high added value to be achieved with the athletes coming out of the club's equity.
(Extended English summary is at the end of this document)
Özet
Bu çalışma, Türk spor kulüplerindeki kurumsallaşmayı finansal açıdan değerlendirmeyi ve yönetim uygulamaları açısından analiz etmeyi Galatasaray Spor Kulübü örneği üzerinden yapmayı amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmada finansal analiz ve doküman analizi olmak üzere, sırasıyla nicel ve nitel yöntemin kullanıldığı karma yöntem tercih edilmiştir. Yapılan analizlere göre finansal açıdan sürdürülebilir yönetim anlayışının sağlanabilmesi için düşük maliyetli ve yüksek katma değerli sportif başarılara ihtiyaç duyulabileceği söylenebilmektedir. Bu kapsamda ülkemizin spor yatırımlarının uluslararası düzeyde karşılığını sağlayabilecek, sürdürülebilir finansal kaynakları içsel değerleriyle oluşturan ve Kulübün kültürüyle uyumlu kurumsallaşma ilkelerini özümseyen bir yönetim anlayışı benimsenebilecektir. Bu doğrultuda başarı için kişilerin öne çıkarılmasından ziyade kurumsallaşmaya yönelik sistemin oluşması çalışmanın bulguları arasındadır. Tüm analizlere bağlı olarak Kulüp yönetiminde finansal ve yönetsel açıdan kurumsallaşmanın sağlanamadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Üye sayısının artmasıyla seçilecek bir yönetimin, sorumlulukları tüzükle belirlenmiş ve maaşları genel kurulda açıklanan profesyonel yöneticilerin ve Kulüp öz kaynaklarından çıkacak sporcularla elde edilecek katma değeri yüksek sportif başarıların Galatasaray’ın kurumsallaşması için önemli görülmektedir.
Detection of Geographic Information System Security Hazards in the IoT Based on Network Security Situation Awareness
Authors: Wang Ben , Zhao Qing , Wei Guichen 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The geographic information system (GIS) is the important system these days for navigation and directing the routes. In order to detect the security risks of the GIS efficiently and accurately and to protect the security of the GIS, a GIS security risk detection method in the Internet of Things based on network security situational awareness has been proposed. The data preprocessing method based on the operation data of the GIS is adopted. The normalized and standardized processing of the operation data of the GIS is devised to reduce the dimensional difference between the data and the geographical areas. This will facilitate the subsequent applications of the GIS to make better decisions by preserving the security. The redundant data in the GIS operation data are removed by using feature reduction algorithms through the acquisition method. The security elements based on enhanced probabilistic neural network are inferred, and the useful data samples are obtained as the security elements detection set. A rough set theory is also used to realize geographic security hidden danger identification. The experimental results show that the proposed method is efficient to maintain security and to detect the geographic security risk detection within a short span of time. The detection result accuracy is high, which meets the GIS application requirements.
Fatigue Testing and Modeling of Bonded Composite Specimens in Mode I, II, and Mixed-Mode I/II Loadings
Authors: Li Gang , Renaud Guillaume , Li Lucy , Liao Min 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Fatigue debond growth of bonded composite specimens in mode I, mode II, and mixed-mode I/II loadings were studied experimentally and numerically. For the mode I loading, test data sets were analyzed under the linear elasticity condition. For the mode II and mixed-mode loadings, specific test data processing was used to ensure that nonlinear effects that act outside of the cyclic loading range are excluded from the fatigue behavior assessment. An important finding under the mode II and mixed-mode loadings is that the actual loading ratios in the tests varied and were different from the applied displacement ratio. The experimental characterization of the fatigue debond behaviors was complemented with numerically determined correlations between the compliance and debond length under each individual loading. This correlation was used to determine an effective debond length from the compliance determined experimentally. According to the actual loading ratio variation, the fatigue growth behaviors were characterized using Paris’ law. Numerical fatigue analyses using two codes, Abaqus finite element (FE) and AFGROW, were carried out and validated using the developed test database. The details on an FE model setup and analysis strategy for a mixed-mode specimen are presented. Good agreement in the fatigue lives was obtained between the test and numerical analyses for the three types of loading. Also, good agreements in the load versus debond growth length relations were obtained between the test and FE analysis in the mode II and mixed-mode loadings. Reasons for the result discrepancy are discussed. The study shows that the presented analysis procedure is effective. The thorough description of both the used test data processing and numerical analysis procedure fills a knowledge gap in the available literature.
Efficacy and clinical potential of phage therapy in treating methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections: A review
Authors: Fortaleza Jamil Allen G. , Ong Christian Joseph N. , De Jesus Rener 
Published: February 2024

AbstractStaphylococcus aureus infections have already presented a substantial public health challenge, encompassing different clinical manifestations, ranging from bacteremia to sepsis and multi-organ failures. Among these infections, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) is particularly alarming due to its well-documented resistance to multiple classes of antibiotics, contributing significantly to global mortality rates. Consequently, the urgent need for effective treatment options has prompted a growing interest in exploring phage therapy as a potential non-antibiotic treatment against MRSA infections. Phages represent a class of highly specific bacterial viruses known for their ability to infect certain bacterial strains. This review paper explores the clinical potential of phages as a treatment for MRSA infections due to their low toxicity and auto-dosing capabilities. The paper also discusses the synergistic effect of phage-antibiotic combination (PAC) and the promising results from in vitro and animal model studies, which could lead to extensive human clinical trials. However, clinicians need to establish and adhere to standard protocols governing phage administration and implementation. Prominent clinical trials are needed to develop and advance phage therapy as a non-antibiotic therapy intervention, meeting regulatory guidelines, logistical requirements, and ethical considerations, potentially revolutionizing the treatment of MRSA infections.
Use of malted pulses to formulate gluten-free fresh-egg pasta
Authors: Cimini Alessio , Poliziani Alessandro , Morgante Lorenzo , Moresi Mauro 
Published: February 2024

In spite of the fact that legumes are rich in proteins, dietary fibers, and micronutrients, their average per capita consumption is limited because of their lengthy cooking period, unpleasant flavor, low-digestible proteins, and gastrointestinal problems. This study was aimed at assessing the effectiveness of the malting process of three typical pulse seeds of the Italian Latium region (i.e. Gradoli Purgatory beans [GPB]; Onano lentils [OL]; and Solco Dritto chickpeas [SDC]) to minimize their anti-nutrient content and test their use as ingredient in the preparation of gluten-free fresh egg pastas. All these fresh egg pastas were devoid of flatulence-inducing oligosaccharides with low phytate content (0.6–0.80 g/100 g of dry matter, dm), a crude protein content of around 20 g/100 g dm and in vitro glycemic index ranging from 28% to 38%. However, the only fresh egg pasta, including malted GPB flour, exhibited not only a significantly smaller glycemic index (28%±3%) but also a resistant starch–total starch ratio by far greater than the threshold value (14%) specified by the European Commission Regulation 432/2012 to label foods with the health claim indicating improvement in postprandial glucose metabolism.
Prevalence of smoking and its changes over time in Russia: data from the ESSE-RF study
Authors: Drapkina O. M. , Maksimov S. A. , Shalnova S. A. , Balanova Yu. A. , Imaeva A. E. , Kutsenko V. A. , Muromtseva G. A. , Kotova M. B. , Karamnova N. S. , Evstifeeva S. E. , Kapustina A. V. , Zelenina A. A. , Litinskaya O. A. , Pokrovskaya M. S. , Yarovaya E. B. , Repkina T. V. , Gonoshilova T. O. , Kudryavtsev A. V. , Belova N. I. , Shagrov L. L. , Samotrueva M. A. , Yasenyavskaya A. L. , Chernysheva E. N. , Glukhovskaya S. V. , Levina I. A. , Shirshova E. A. , Dorzhieva E. B. , Urbanova E. Z. , Borovkova N. Yu. , Kurashin V. K. , Tokareva A. S. , Ragino Yu. I. , Simonova G. I. , Khudyakova A. D. , Nikulin V. N. , Aslyamov O. R. , Khokhlova G. V. , Solovyova A. V. , Rodionov A. A. , Kryachkova A. V. , Shamurova Yu. Yu. , Tantsyreva I. V. , Baryshikova I. N. , Ataev M. G. , Radzhabov M. O. , Isakhanova M. M. , Umetov M. A. , Elgarova L. V. , Khakuasheva I. A. , Yamashkina E. I. , Esina M. V. , Kunyaeva T. A. , Nikitina A. M. , Savvina N. V. , Spiridonova Yu. E. , Naumova E. A. , Nazarov B. M. , Keskinov A. A. , Yudin V. S. , Yudin S. M. , Kontsevaya A. V. 
Published: February 2024

Aim. To analyze the prevalence of smoking according to the Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Diseases and their Risk Factors in Regions of Russian Federation-3 (ESSE-RF3) study, and compare these data with the previous two stages.Material and methods. Data from following three cross sections of the ESSE-RF study were used: 2013-2014, 2017, 2020-2022. At the first stage, the prevalence and probability of smoking was assessed according to ESSE-RF3 data in 2020-2022 (n=28628, 35-74 years). At the second stage, an analysis was carried out over time using data from all three ESSE-RF sections (n=43804, 35-64 years).Results. In the overall ESSE-RF3 sample, the prevalence of smoking was 17,0% (men — 27,7%, women — 7,6%). Smoking probability varies significantly by sex, age, education level and income. Over time, the standardized prevalence of smoking increases from 25,0% in 20132014 to 26,2% in 2017, and then decreases to 21,5% in 2020-2022. Women are characterized by the same direction of trends, while men had consistent decrease in prevalence from 41,3 to 37,0 and 34,3%, respectively. The probability of smoking in 2017, relative to 20132014, decreases only in some socio-demographic categories of the population. In 2020-2022, a decrease in the probability of smoking is typical for both the general sample and all subgroups of the population.Conclusion. The results obtained characterize the current situation and time trends of the last decade and contain important information on smoking epidemiology in Russia.
Cardiac Valve Involvement in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Case-Control Study Among Adult Patients in Sulaimaniyah Province
Authors: Hadi Krmanj , Mirza Raouf , Saeedq Dana , Ahmed Farman 
Published: January 2024

Background: The frequency of valvular heart disease (VHD) among rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients varies in the literature ranging between 3-70%. This considerable variability might be attributed to the examined population's varied genetic backgrounds and the different methodologies utilized to identify valvular disease. VHD resulting in severe symptomatic aortic insufficiency is an uncommon RA consequence.

Objectives: This study aimed to look for cardiac valve involvement in RA patients and determine whether it is linked with disease activity and duration.

Methods: Fifty RA patients were recruited consecutively, 5 were males, and 45 were females, aged 27 to 65 years, with a mean of 49.86 ± 9.98. All patients were free from cardiac diseases and underwent entire history, physical examination, laboratory test, and transthoracic echocardiography. The findings were compared to those of age and gender-matched controls, who had no rheumatic and cardiac diseases.

Results: Valvular lesions were found in 18 (36%) RA patients, whereas only 2 (4%) of the controls had valvular lesions (p= 0.000063). The most frequently affected valve was the mitral valve 11(61%). There was no relationship between VHD and the duration of the disease, clinical disease activity index (CDAI) score, body mass index (BMI), and smoking.

Conclusions: This study has confirmed that VHD (specific to the mitral valve) is significantly higher in RA patients compared with the control sample. There was no correlation between VHD and RA's disease duration, clinical, laboratory, or treatment characteristics.
Neo adjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced oral cancers -A prospective study at a tertiary cancer care hospital
Authors: Shunmugam Deepa , Sundaram SS , Velappar Arumugam , Gandhi Anitha , Kannan MJ Murali , Babu V Ganesh , Manohar Karthik 
Published: January 2024

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most prevalent type of cancer found in the oral cavity. Approximately 30% of these tumours are detected at an early stage, while the majority are diagnosed as locally advanced tumours. Extensive research has been conducted on neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) in head and neck cancers, aiming to reduce surgical margins, decrease distant metastasis rates, and improve overall outcomes. In this prospective study conducted at the Department of surgical oncology, Tirunelveli Medical College, 60 patients with unresectable locally advanced oral cancers were staged based on the AJCC TNM (8th edition). The period of study was from October 2018 to March 2023. Here the selected patients are examined both clinically and radiologically, measurements of the target lesions are made. These patients are subjected to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (TPF regimen) upto three cycles based on the clinical response after each cycle. reassessment done prior to surgery as done during the prechemotherapy. Adjuvant therapy post-surgery is based on the histopathology. Among the 60 patients enrolled in this study, 33 of 60 (55.0 %) were males and 27 of 60 (45%) were females. Based on age distribution 8.3% of patients were less the 40 years of age, 41.7% were between 51 to 60 years. The common risk factors were tobacco / pan chewing in 66.7% of patients, smoking in 40% of patients and alcoholism in 38.3% of patients. All the 60 patients received TPF regimen as a neo-adjuvant chemotherapy for two or three cycles and the clinical responses were recorded after NACT prior to definitive therapy (surgery vs RT. The mean and median of survival was calculated in 33 patients who had completed treatment by 2021 in view of the follow up period of at least for 24 months were mandatory to analyse the treatment outcome and disease free survival. The overall survival in surgery group was 35.1 months and RT group was 21.8 months. The disease free survival in surgery group was 28 months whereas in RT group was 16 months.Patients who have oral cavity cancers that cannot be surgically amenable up-front may experience a response rate of approximately 25% when treated with an aggressive three-drug regimen (TPF) and these patients may derive benefits from subsequent surgical treatment.
Urbanismo Afectivo: una aproximación trans a la ciudad
Authors: Gil-Fournier Esquerra Mauro 
Published: January 2024

In this article, we explore how the affects influence and shape urban processes, transcending the hierarchical organization of its agents (bottom-up & top-down). However, neither of these approaches, nor their combinations, proves adequate to promote a trend that, due to wicked problems, inherently involves an affective connection with individuals, other entities, and the planet.
Building on Rittel and Webber's text (1973) addressing the challenges of urban planning in solving social problems, and Law's interpretation (2015) that turns wicked problems into benign problems, we can observe how the nature of urban social problems is inherently affective.
We propose a path where urbanism can disrupt the bottom-up and top-down dualities based on the attributes that shape it, as it is the affects that permeate all human and more-than-human bodies. If cities are machines of urbanization, extending their heterogeneous networks beyond their territories, we need to address the movement of affects so that urbanism becomes a tool for coexistence on an already wounded planet.