bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased Vitamin B12 Levels in Patients with Oral Cancer
Authors: Gupta Prashant , Chandra Subhash , Jha Awanindra Kumar , Khaitan Tanya , Shukla Anjani Kumar , Naik Shantala R 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Oral cancer (OC), which happens to be one of the leading causes of death in the Indian population, is caused primarily by tobacco use, although other factors are also responsible. Serum vitamin B12 is important in maintaining the immune system and also repairing the damaged deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of cells. The aim of our study was to evaluate the serum B12 levels in patients with OC and look for any association between the two.

Methods:
One hundred subjects were selected for the study and divided into two groups: group A having OC (including cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), verrucous carcinoma and oropharyngeal carcinoma; 50 patients) and group B had age- and gender-matched healthy controls (50 healthy volunteers). Patients diagnosed clinically and histopathologically confirmed as OC were selected for the study. All the patients were subjected to haematological investigation to assess serum vitamin B12.

Results:
Males subjects in the 4th and 5th decades of life were predominantly affected. Serum vitamin B12 was significantly increased in OC patients when compared with controls, which was statistically significant. The mean serum vitamin B12 was slightly higher in males than in females, which was statistically non-significant.

Conclusion:
Our study found increased vitamin B12 levels in OC patients, and it was statistically significant.
Relationship between Skeletal Maturity Indicators and Dental Calcification Stages in a Sample Pediatric Population
Authors: Ojha Akshaya , Chawla Riddhi , Sihag Tarun , Ahmed Ameena , Qurishi Ahtesham A. , Rajkumari Laleena 
Published: January 2024

Context:
Human growth shows considerable variation. In addition to constitutional differences in the timing of maturation, there are diseases, systemic disorders and environmental factors that may affect a child's physiologic maturity. Interrelationships among skeletal, somatic and sexual maturity have been shown to be consistently strong. The study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between dental calcification stages and skeletal maturity indicators.

Materials and Methods:
The hand wrist radiographs, the lateral cephalogram and the orthopantomogram (OPG) of 120 patients (60 males and 60 females, age group 8–14 years) were taken. The hand wrist radiographs were analyzed using Fishman's skeletal maturity index (SMI), and the cephalograms analyzed by cervical vertebrae maturation (CVM) by Baccetti. OPG was analyzed according to the Demirjian's system.

Result:
On assessment, cervical vertebrae maturation indicator (CVMI) staging showed significant results with a correlation coefficient of 0.716 being the highest in canines in males while assessment of dental calcification stages and its comparison with skeletal maturity indicator showed insignificant results. The correlation coefficient values were 0.11, 0.09, 0.09 and 0.13 for canine, first premolar, second premolar and second molar respectively.

Conclusion:
There is a strong correlation between the maturation stage of cervical vertebrae and calcification stages of canine, first premolar, second premolar and second molar as determined by Demirjian's method.
Presence of Heavy Metals in over the Counter Teeth Whitening Products– An Evaluative Study
Authors: Ravi Chitra , Muthappan Sendhilkumar , Ponnaiah Manickam , Chandrasekaran Deepika , Murugavel Sowmiya , Samson Jimson 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Dentistry plays a crucial role in shaping the facial aesthetics of a person and thus boosts self-esteem. Tooth discolouration is one of the significant cosmetic problems and hence, many teeth whitening products are widely used for discolouration. However, these products may have heavy metals or chemicals that can affect the tooth and other organs.

Aim:
The aim is to estimate the amount of heavy metals present in teeth whitening products available for purchase over-the-counter in the pharmacies.

Materials and Method:
A cross-sectional study of teeth whitening products available Over the Counter (OTC) in pharmacies in Chennai and adjoining districts of Tamil Nadu was conducted during the period from December 2019 to February 2020. The Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS) method was used to measure the heavy metals such as inorganic lead, chromium, cobalt, arsenic, cadmium, nickel and mercury in the products.

Results:
We collected 39 products and finalized nine for analysis. These products were available as tablet (n = 1), liquids (n = 2) and powders (n = 6). All products were mentioned as herbal or natural. Three products contained inorganic lead levels in parts per million (ppm) of 759 (product 2); 39.4 (product 3) and 28.1 (product 7), way above the permitted levels. None of the other heavy metals were detected from these products.

Conclusion:
After analysis with the FAAS method, inorganic lead over and above the permissible levels was observed. Dental professionals and community need to be aware of the availability of such products and its detrimental effects on oral and general health.
A Case Report of Angiosarcoma of the Tongue: A Diagnostic Dilemma at Presentation
Authors: Bhattacharya Shilajit , Koshy Ajit V. , Baldawa Prachi , Thakur Samantha , Shah Amisha , Bhagwat Harshad 
Published: January 2024

Rationale:
Angiosarcoma is a malignant mesenchymal tumor arising from vascular endothelial cells. This is an aggressive malignancy associated with poor prognosis. Angiosarcoma in the head and neck is exceedingly rare, accounting for less than 4 % of tumors.[1]

Patient Concern:
We report a unique case of angiosarcoma involving the tongue underlying the diagnostic conundrum and pointers towards an accurate diagnosis.

Take-away lesson:
Due to rarity of the disease, consensus on optimal treatment approach is lacking and multicenter prospective studies would be helpful to set clinical guidelines.
Random Tree Algorithm to Analyse the Relation between Type of Traumatic Dental Injuries and Its Demographic and Predisposing Factors - A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Khan Mohammad Kamran , Jindal Mahendra Kumar 
Published: January 2024

Background and Aim:Traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) have become the public dental health problem worldwide in children and adolescents. These injuries are complex and multifactorial in aetiology. This study was done with the aim to analyse the association of 'type of TDI' with its demographic and various predisposing factors in children by an advanced statistical method of machine learning (ML) of artificial intelligence (AI).Materials and Methods:The present study's data were gathered by conducting the observational cross-sectional study among index age-groups 12 and 15 years children of randomly selected schools of different geographical regions. Structured interviews and dental examinations performed were done to record the variables of TDIs in self-constructed proforma. The gathered data were analysed by employing the random-tree model of machine learning algorithm of IBM SPSS Modeler version-18 software.Results:Molar-relationship (2.5), age (1.75), sex (1.5) and geographical region/area (~1.5) were the most important predictors (factors) for the determination of type of dental injury as shown by the random tree model, whereas clinical factors like overjet (0.75), lip-competence (0.5) and overbite (0.5) showed lesser importance in the determination of type of TDIs.Conclusion:Demographic factors (age, sex and geographical region) and one clinical factor (molar-relation) were found as the stronger factors for determining the type of traumatic dental injury in children.
Effectiveness of rotator cuff and scapular strengthening exercises with low-level laser therapy on pain, range of motion, strength, and functional abilities in a patient with partial supraspinatus tear: A case report
Authors: Shetty Shruti Dhananjay , Prem Chaithanya , Sreejisha P. K. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract:
One of the most prevalent musculoskeletal problems is rotator cuff (RC) injury. The most frequent RC injury is a supraspinatus tear. A partial supraspinatus tear is a partial tear or rupture of the tendon of the supraspinatus muscle and usually presents with pain, weakness, and difficulty in raising affected arm. The aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of RC and scapular strengthening exercises with low-level laser therapy on pain, range of motion (ROM), strength, and functional abilities of a 61-year-old patient presenting with partial supraspinatus tear. The treatment was given for 5 days/week for 6 weeks. Pain, ROM, strength, and functional abilities were assessed by the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index, goniometer, and handheld dynamometer. Interventions are found to be effective in improving pain, ROM, strength, and functional abilities in patient with partial supraspinatus tear.
Profile of hospitalised maltreated children aged 0 to 3 years and their families
Authors: Kwan Rui , Abraham Sharon , Low Wilson Cong Jin , Lim Jasmine Chiew Yi , Chong Wan Har , Mun Sylvia Bee Suan , Oh Jean Yin , Chay Oh Moh , Yeleswarapu Sita Padmini 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Maltreatment adversely affects children’s health and development. Knowledge of child maltreatment in early childhood is limited. We studied the demographic factors and health issues in children aged 0–3 years who were hospitalised for maltreatment.

Methods:
In this retrospective cohort study, health and demographic information was extracted from the electronic medical records of children hospitalised in KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital between January 2018 and June 2019. High-risk groups were children with developmental delay (DD), missed vaccination (MV), low outpatient attendance, high dependency unit (HDU) or intensive care unit (ICU) admission and Child Protection Service (CPS) referral. Chi-square or Fisher’s exact test was used for categorical variables. Mann–Whitney U test was used for skewed quantitative variables.

Results:
Among the 101 children included in the study, the most common type of abuse and alleged perpetrator were physical abuse and parents, respectively. In addition, 35.6% of the children had pre-existing health conditions before hospitalisation, 58.4% had new health conditions diagnosed during hospitalisation requiring follow-up and 26.7% had maltreatment-related injuries. One-fifth of the children had DDs and another one-fifth had MVs. About 20% of them had defaulted all outpatient appointments. High-risk children mostly lived in rented housing. Their mothers mostly had primary education or lower. Most children admitted to ICU or HDU were <6 months old (8/12 [66.7%] vs. 6–24 months 3/12 [25%] vs. 24–47 months 1/12 [8.3%], P = 0.001). A higher number of children with DD were referred to CPS (63.2%, P = 0.049) than to other agencies.

Conclusion:
Maltreated children have significant health needs that are not fully met through routine surveillance practices. They are at risk of defaulting their hospital appointment. It is imperative that families at risk of child maltreatment are identified early and their needs holistically evaluated, with care coordinated within the hospital–community support system.
Mass Drug Administration: Contextual Factor Considerations
Authors: Schneider Zachary D. , Busbee Alexandra L. , Boily Marisa C. , Shah Monica P. , Hwang Jimee , Lindblade Kim A. , Gutman Julie R. 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT.
In designing mass drug administration (MDA) campaigns, it is imperative to consider contextual factors that affect uptake of the intervention, including acceptability, cost, feasibility, and health system considerations, to ensure optimal coverage. We reviewed the literature on contextual factors influencing MDA delivery to provide programs with information to design a successful campaign. From 1,044 articles screened, 37 included contextual factors relevant to participants’ values and preferences, drivers of MDA acceptability, health equity concerns, financial and economic aspects, and feasibility barriers; 13 included relevant modeling data. Key findings were abstracted by two reviewers and summarized. No studies directly assessed values or direct health equity concerns with respect to MDA, which represents an evidence gap as unequal distributions of effects and factors that impact participant acceptability and program feasibility must be considered to ensure equitable access. Participant acceptability was the most widely surveyed factor, appearing in 28 of 37 studies; perceived adverse events were a frequently noted cause of nonparticipation, mentioned in 15 studies. Feasibility considerations included when, where, and how drugs will be delivered and how to address pregnant women, as these can all have substantial implications for participation. Mass drug administration costs (∼$1.04 to $19.40 per person per round) are driven primarily by drug prices, but the delivery mechanism can have varying costs as well, and integration with other interventions may provide cost savings. Both programmatic goals and sociopolitical and economic contexts must be carefully considered before embarking on an MDA program to ensure programmatic success.
La gobernanza en la transformación digital
Authors: Pérez Palma Wendy Johana 
Published: January 2024

PROBLEMA: la gobernanza y la gobernabilidad son conceptos que han tendido a confundirse y la implementación de tecnologías no se ha aprovechado lo que debería de implementarse para impulsar la transparencia de los gobiernos. OBJETIVO: establecer los efectos que ha tenido la gobernanza en la era digital. De igual forma se centra en una investigación de conceptos tales como el gobierno digital que busca la simplificación de los servicios prestados a los individuos, implementación de estos y la situación actual de la estrategia para mejorar y volver más factible un gobierno electrónico en Guatemala. MÉTODO: recolección y el análisis de datos cualitativos. RESULTADOS: los principales hallazgos fueron que es necesario encajar dentro de las variables principales y secundarias para poder determinar el porcentaje de éxito que tendrá la gobernanza utilizando los medios digitales que tienen a su disposición. CONCLUSIÓN: la transformación digital es inevitable y está sucediendo por lo tanto no sólo las políticas actuales deben ir dirigidas a esta tendencia sino más bien es un conjunto que conlleva el respaldo financiero y el recurso humano como factor determinante de su éxito.
Pengaruh Persepsi Website Design Quality dan E-Service Quality terhadap E-Trust ‎ dan Repurchase Intention di Shopee
Authors: Jogja Mualim , Widowati Retno 
Published: January 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji serta menganalisis Pengaruh Persepsi Website Design Quality‎ ‎ dan E-Service Quality terhadap ‎E-‎Trust ‎ dan Repurchase Intention di Shopee. Jumlah sampel yang telah memenuhi kriteria dalam penelitian ini adalah 200 sampel menggunakan teknik pengambilan sampel nonprobabiliy dengan metode purposive sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan kuesioner elektronik dan disebarkan menggunakan Google Form. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan analisis Structural Equation Model (SEM). Alat statistik yang digunakan adalah software AMOS versi 24. Berdasarkan pengujian dan analisis menggunakan SEM, menunjukkan bahwa Website Design Quality‎ berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap E-‎Trust, E-Service Quality berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap E-‎Trust, E-‎Trust berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap Repurchase Intention, Website Design Quality‎ tidak berpengaruh secara langsung terhadap Repurchase Intention, E-Service Quality tidak berpengaruh secara langsung terhadap Repurchase Intention, E-Trust memediasi penuh pengaruh Website Design Quality‎ terhadap Repurchase Intention. E-Trust memediasi penuh pengaruh E-Service Quality terhadap Repurchase Intention pada pelanggan Shopee.

This study aims to examine and analyze the Influence of Perceived Website Design Quality‎ and E-Service Quality on E-Trust and Repurchase Intention at Shopee. The number of samples that met the criteria in this study were 200 samples using a non-probability sampling technique with purposive sampling method. The data collection technique in this study used an electronic questionnaire and was distributed using the Google Form. This research uses a quantitative approach with Structural Equation Model (SEM) analysis. The statistical tool used is AMOS software version ‎‎24.‎ Based on testing and analysis using SEM, it shows that Website Design Quality has a significant positive effect on E-Trust, E-Service Quality has a significant positive effect on E-Trust, E-Trust has a significant positive effect on Repurchase Intention, Website ‎ Design Quality has no direct effect on Repurchase Intention, E-Service Quality has no direct effect on Repurchase Intention, E-Trust fully mediates the effect of Website Design Quality on Repurchase Intention. E-Trust fully mediates the influence of E-Service Quality on Repurchase Intention of Shopee customers.
Pengaruh Keterlibatan Merek dan Pengalaman Merek Terhadap Loyalitas Merek dengan Kepercayaan Merek sebagai Variabel Intervening
Authors: Putri Clarisa Nusantari Arya , Nadzir Muhammad Miftahun 
Published: January 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh keterlibatan merek dan pengalaman merek terhadap loyalitas merek melalui kepercayaan merek sebagai pemediasi pada masyarakat yang menggunakan Traveloka. Teknik sampel pada penelitian ini menggunakan purposive sampling atau pengambilan sampel dengan kriteria. Kriteria yang digunakan yaitu masyarakat yang pernah menggunakan Traveloka minimal 2 kali dan berdomisili di Yogyakarta. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan kuesioner berbentuk google form, dan terkumpul sebanyak 229 responden. Metode yang digunakan untuk analisis adalah path analysis dengan program spss versi 29. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa keterlibatan merek berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepercayaan merek, pengalaman merek berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepercayaan merek, keterlibatan merek berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap loyalitas merek, pengalaman merek berpengaruh tidak signifikan terhadap loyalitas merek, kepercayaan merek berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap loyalitas merek, kepercayaan merek memediasi keterlibatan merek terhadap loyalitas merek dan kepercayaan merek tidak memediasi pengalaman merek terhadap loyalitas merek.

This study aims to determine the effect of brand involvement and brand experience on brand loyalty through brand trust as a mediator in people who use Traveloka. The sample technique in this study used purposive sampling or sampling with criteria. The criteria used are people who have used Traveloka at least 2 times and are domiciled in Yogyakarta. The data collection technique in this study used a questionnaire in the form of a Google form, and collected 229 respondents. The method used for analysis is path analysis with the SPSS version 29 program. The results of this study indicate that brand engagement has a positive and significant effect on brand trust, brand experience has a positive and significant effect on brand trust, brand engagement has a positive and significant effect on brand loyalty, brand experience has a positive and insignificant effect on brand loyalty, brand trust has a positive and significant effect on brand loyalty, brand trust mediates brand engagement on brand loyalty and brand trust does not mediate brand experience on brand loyalty.
Ambiguity in NGOs Poverty Reduction Programmes
Authors: Nsah Edwin Sakah 
Published: January 2024

Purpose: This article analyses why Non-Governmental Organisations in the selected regions of Cameroon continue to participate in poverty reduction programmes when their programmes are not decreasing the number or percentage of people living in poverty.
Methodology: Sustainable Livelihood Approaches was used in the study as an efficient means of understanding poverty from the perspective of the underprivileged. A qualitative case study was used to understand Plan International and Summer Institute of Linguistics stakeholder’s perception of poverty and poverty reduction.
Findings: Based on the findings, results show that poverty and poverty reduction strategies mean different things to different people, hence programmes aimed at poverty reduction should be examined using a diverse measure. The studied Non-Governmental Organisations programmes are not reducing poverty because there are extraneous variables which account for the ineffectiveness in their determination to fight poverty. For example, lack of beneficiaries’ voices in Non-Governmental Organisations programmes during planning, implementation, monitoring and evolution. Gender role and power relation issues in these regions prevent beneficiaries from active participation in decision making. These factors account for poor prioritization of programmes. Additionally, attributing poverty reduction to Non-Governmental Organisations activities is something which the Non-Governmental Organisations themselves are conscious they can’t fully achieve.
Unique Contributions to Theory, Practice and Policy: The paper recommends that Non-Governmental Organisations as well as the government should start their poverty reduction programmes by assessing the needs of each community in which they operate by applying the Sustainable Livelihood Approaches since poverty is diverse and means different things to different people.
The (In) famous English Language Policy in Pesantren: What We Already Know and What Remains Unknown
Authors: Rahman Fadhlur , Al-Nahdi Ali , Zurriyati Zurriyati 
Published: January 2024

The development of English language instruction ought to align to a well-established educational system that aims to produce students with proficient English language skills. Pesantren, which are educational a institutions that are well-known for their capacity to provide high-quality English language instruction, serve as an illuminating study in this context. This study investigates the goals, practical implementations, and challenges associated with English language instruction in pesantren. In this study, researchers used triangulation to boost the validity and reliability of the findings in investigating English language instruction in pesantren. By combining several data sources, such as document analysis and a semi-structured interview, researchers may construct a cohesive and comprehensive picture of the research subject. Additionally, it investigates the intricate relationship between the various factors that influence students' command of the English language. English language teaching and learning in pesantren operate in a multifaced practices, with each component fulfilling specific roles and functions that are tightly aligned with the overarching goal of English learning. Since each component fulfills a different set of roles and functions, students are able to not only acquire the necessary linguistic competence but also develop effective communication skills, which enables them to flourish in the interconnected and globalized world of today. The interdependence of all facets of teaching English as a foreign language is painstakingly orchestrated, and institutional conditions provide a stable and dependable foundation for this. This study sheds light on the complexities of English language instruction in pesantren and emphasizes the importance of continuous reflection on the purpose of English by examining these key aspects.