bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non-axisymmetric Modeling of a Moving Heat Source for Thermal Stress and Fatigue Analysis of Railway Vehicle Disc Brakes
Authors: Deressa Kejela Temesgen , Ambie Demiss Alemu 
Published: December 2023

AbstractRailroad vehicles require the use of disc brakes for safety purposes, however, the brakes are susceptible to thermal stress, which ultimately shortens their lifespan. Hence, to accurately predict the life of railway disc brakes in thermal load simulations, the availability of a model that considers spatial and temporal variations of temperature and thermal stress is essential. A non-axisymmetric moving heat source model was successfully developed to address spatial temperature variations (Deressa and Ambie in Urban Rail Transit 8(3–4):198–216, 2022. 10.1007/s40864-022-00176-9), and this study aims to extend this model to predict thermal stress and fatigue life, and assess its effectiveness. The analysis includes braking time thermal analysis, cooling time thermal analysis, and structural analysis. Spatially varying temperature is incorporated into the structural analysis to calculate thermal stress and strain. A fracture mechanics-based fatigue life estimation method is applied to critical areas of the friction surface. The model is implemented on two braking conditions (service and emergency) and two disc geometries (actual and modified). The model successfully resolves spatial heat considerations by estimating maximum stress variations of up to 46 MPa along the disc circumference. Stress differences of 3 MPa and 6 MPa are observed between the leading and trailing edges of the pad trace during late and mid-braking times, respectively. Fatigue life results identify critical positions and directions for fatigue life initiation. Additionally, these results are in accord with previous observations available in the literature. The proposed model can be easily implemented in various sliding friction applications such as drum brakes, engine pistons/cylinders, and camshafts.
Strengthening Parents' and Children's Wellbeing Through Positive Psychology: A Qualitative Study of Parents' Experiences of a Structured Training in Mindfulness and Character Strength
Authors: von Kraemer Melina , Fagerlund Åse , Pettersson Katarina 
Published: December 2023

AbstractFew studies have examined how positive psychology can be implemented in a family context. Further, there is a lack of qualitative research of participant's experiences of mindfulness and character strengths. This study examined how Flourishing Families, a structured training in mindfulness and character strengths, may improve parental wellbeing and family life. Data were gathered through questionnaires and a total of 37 parents participated. A qualitative thematic analysis was used to examine the parents' experiences. Three main themes arose from the analysis: positive, negative and ambivalent experiences. The results demonstrated that a majority of the parents experienced positive effects on their wellbeing, parenthood and family dynamics after the training. Some parents reported stress and performance anxiety while others were uncertain if they had benefited from the course. These findings offer insights into how individuals experience mindfulness and character strengths and shed light on some common obstacles with the practices. The results contribute to the positive psychology literature by offering insights into how parents build their wellbeing and grow as parents.
Bayesian penalization for explanatory cognitive diagnostic models: covariate DINA model and covariate LCDM with the lasso prior
Authors: Tan Yoshito , Ito Tetsuro , Okada Kensuke 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDiagnostic assessment data obtained from online learning platforms for schools are typically accompanied by student background variables and item responses. To leverage such information for cognitive diagnosis, the present study examines the applicability of the lasso prior for variable selection in explanatory cognitive diagnostic models (ECDMs) with attribute-level explanatory variables. We proposed the covariate log-linear cognitive diagnostic model (LCDM) and covariate deterministic input, noisy, and gate (DINA) model and compared the models with and without the lasso prior using a real-world data analysis and a simulation study. In the real-world data analysis, which used a school-sized sample collected from an online learning platform, we found that the lasso prior selected only relatively large effects without substantially affecting the diagnostic classification and item parameter estimation. In the simulation study, we found that the lasso prior did not degrade the accuracy of the diagnostic classification or parameter estimation. Finally, we discuss the situations in which the lasso prior can be useful with the ECDMs.
Technology Diffusion and Climate Action: A Leader–Follower Model
Authors: Brandt Urs Steiner , Svendsen Gert Tinggaard 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCan a small technology-developing country increase technology diffusion to developing countries in climate action? We argue that when a country takes into account all direct and indirect benefits from pushing forward the transnational diffusion of national green technology, a free transfer may give the country a net benefit. This result is driven by the idea that technology transfer partnerships enable the countries to tailor technology development to best fit the special circumstances of receiving countries. Such decentralised cooperation can pave the way for scalable technology diffusion. The focus is on one country’s renewable energy technology development and how this can affect climate action in major developing countries such as China and India. We propose a leader–follower model between the technology-developing country and the developing country that allows complex payoffs and focuses on a situation in which one country makes a cooperative move to solve the inherent collective action problem. This effective shared learning platform has an upscaling potential, and international organisations, such as the European External Action Service, could further facilitate technology diffusion to developing countries.
Health risks of potentially toxic metals in cereal-based breakfast meals in the Kumasi Metropolis, Ghana
Authors: Oduro Priscilla Akwaboah , Ankar-Brewoo Gloria , Dodd Matt , Ansah Eugene , Darko Cynthia , Borquaye Lawrence Sheringham , Darko Godfred 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMetal exposure through cereal-based breakfasts was studied in humans of varied ages (infants, toddlers, children, adolescents, adults, and the elderly) to assess the potential health risks metals in food pose to consumers. The total concentrations of As (0.59–0.69 mg/kg), Cd (1.27–1.41 mg/kg), Cr (4.66–9.85 mg/kg), Mn (8.26–9.73 mg/kg), Ni (5.01–5.81 mg/kg) and Pb (0.83–0.92 mg/kg) were all higher than the regulatory limits for metals in cereal-based foods. Metal concentrations assessed via in-vitro bioaccessibility extracts were below the detection limits. Toxicity indices of As, Cd, Cr, Ni, and Pb were above their respective WHO-permissible tolerable daily intake for all age groups, implying possible health risks due to over-exposure to metals. While the hazard quotients for Cr and Mn among the age groups were less than 1, those for Cd and Ni were greater than 1. There was no public health concern for cancer risk associated with oral exposure to Pb among the various age groups. However, the estimated cancer risk of Cd (185.4 × 10–3) and As (9.2 × 10–3) was greater than the de minimus (10–6), suggesting a public health concern among various age groups. The study found a significant level of metal contaminants in cereal-based foods, which can potentially pose health risks to consumers who consume them.
Terra Nova
Authors: Bouchard Jack 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In the early sixteenth century, European mariners established a commercial fishery and site of permanent occupation in the northwest Atlantic. What are we to call this place? This article argues that mariners developed their own concept of space through the creation of the fishery, reflecting mental maps that evolved via the practice of fishwork. It contends that rather than modern terminology like “Newfoundland,” scholars should utilize this distinct geographic framework when discussing the early fishery and colonization. Mariners across Europe used variations of the term Terra Nova to label a malleable, vast, and watery world in the northwest Atlantic. Their usage was consistent across time and space, and tied geography to the act of fishing. The article reconstructs the nature of sixteenth-century mental maps, traces the origin and spread of the term Terra Nova, and considers how it differed from the geographies and labels of cartographers. In its final section, it reflects on the relationship between work, water, and space, and the ways this contributed to the use of Terra Nova. In so doing, it offers a way to recover lost mental maps and demonstrates the flexibility of maritime geographies in the early history of European expansion into the Atlantic.
Strategies and rules for tuning TCR-derived therapy
Authors: Mo Guoheng , Lu Xinyu , Wu Sha , Zhu Wei 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Manipulation of T cells has revolutionized cancer immunotherapy. Notably, the use of T cells carrying engineered T cell receptors (TCR-T) offers a favourable therapeutic pathway, particularly in the treatment of solid tumours. However, major challenges such as limited clinical response efficacy, off-target effects and tumour immunosuppressive microenvironment have hindered the clinical translation of this approach. In this review, we mainly want to guide TCR-T investigators on several major issues they face in the treatment of solid tumours after obtaining specific TCR sequences: (1) whether we have to undergo affinity maturation or not, and what parameter we should use as a criterion for being more effective. (2) What modifications can be added to counteract the tumour inhibitory microenvironment to make our specific T cells to be more effective and what is the safety profile of such modifications? (3) What are the new forms and possibilities for TCR-T cell therapy in the future?
Syrian, Armenian, and Lebanese Claims to Whiteness in Post-War Canadian Immigration Policy
Authors: Satzewich Vic , Yousefi Leili 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis article asks how, in early post-World War II Canada, Syrian, Armenian, and Lebanese communities claimed whiteness in the context of Canada’s racially restrictive immigration regulations that defined them as “Asiatics,” and hence inadmissible. But, it also examines how Canadian politicians and immigration bureaucrats responded to those claims. Using so-far untapped archival records, this article shows that immigration authorities were unwilling to redefine the racial status of these groups out of fear that doing so would provide a wedge for other groups of “Asiatics” to press for the ability to migrate to Canada. In this case, Syrians, Armenians, and Lebanese could be regarded as experiencing collateral damage in the politics of whiteness. While Canadian immigration authorities seemed to privately accept the white/European identity claims of these groups, they were nonetheless unwilling to publicly grant them one of the privileges of whiteness – namely the ability to migrate to Canada on a basis equal to that of other white immigrants. Instead, the government used “merit-based” orders-in-council as an under the radar administrative mechanism to admit members of these groups. This allowed the government and the immigration department to avoid a larger public debate about racial discrimination against “Asiatic” immigrants.
Negotiating Transnational Belonging: Post-WWII Migration as Life Experience and Collective Memory
Authors: Koleva Daniela 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis article explores the subjective experience of nationality and (trans)national belonging based on biographical interviews with two groups of Jewish participants born in Bulgaria before the Second World War, and residing in Bulgaria and in Israel, respectively. I focus on their retrospective accounts of the mass exodus to Israel in 1948–1949 and the maintenance of transnational family and kinship ties thereafter, during the Cold War. The comparison brings into relief the challenges of their integration into the respective national contexts, and the ways in which the memory cultures in the two countries have molded biographical reminiscences. I argue that despite these differences, a unique case of a transnational generation is at hand, formed by their past experiences as well as by the re-negotiation of these experiences, which was made possible from the 1990s on.
Computed tomography-based radiomic markers are independent prognosticators of survival in advanced laryngeal cancer: a pilot study
Authors: Rajgor Amarkumar Dhirajlal , Kui Christopher , McQueen Andrew , Cowley Josh , Gillespie Colin , Mill Aileen , Rushton Stephen , Obara Boguslaw , Bigirumurame Theophile , Kallas Khaled , O'Hara James , Aboagye Eric , Hamilton David Winston 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectiveAdvanced laryngeal cancers are clinically complex; there is a paucity of modern decision-making models to guide tumour-specific management. This pilot study aims to identify computed tomography-based radiomic features that may predict survival and enhance prognostication.MethodsPre-biopsy, contrast-enhanced computed tomography scans were assembled from a retrospective cohort (n = 72) with advanced laryngeal cancers (T3 and T4). The LIFEx software was used for radiomic feature extraction. Two features: shape compacity (irregularity of tumour volume) and grey-level zone length matrix – grey-level non-uniformity (tumour heterogeneity) were selected via least absolute shrinkage and selection operator-based Cox regression and explored for prognostic potential.ResultsA greater shape compacity (hazard ratio 2.89) and grey-level zone length matrix – grey-level non-uniformity (hazard ratio 1.64) were significantly associated with worse 5-year disease-specific survival (p < 0.05). Cox regression models yielded a superior C-index when incorporating radiomic features (0.759) versus clinicopathological variables alone (0.655).ConclusionsTwo radiomic features were identified as independent prognostic biomarkers. A multi-centre prospective study is necessary for further exploration. Integrated radiomic models may refine the treatment of advanced laryngeal cancers.
Oceanic Redox State During the Early Cambrian: Insights From Mo‐S Isotopes and Geochemistry of Himalayan Shales
Authors: Venugopal Achyuth , Tripathy Gyana Ranjan , Goswami Vineet , Ghosh Sumit K. , Singh Deependra 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe Precambrian‐Cambrian (Pc‐C) boundary marks significant biological, atmospheric, and oceanic changes. These changes include extinction of the Ediacaran fauna, initiation of complex lifeforms, and oxygenation of the atmosphere and oceans. In this contribution, elemental and Mo‐S isotopic compositions of organic‐rich shales overlying the Pc‐C boundary from the Tal Formation, Lesser Himalaya, have been investigated. These datasets are used to reconstruct past oceanic redox state and sulfate concentrations. The principal component analysis of the elemental dataset identifies six major factors, with factors associated with organic matter and sulfide phases accounting for about half of the total variance. Iron speciation and Mo/U data suggest that the shales were deposited in anoxic and ferruginous deep water conditions. The δ98Mo data (1.5 ± 0.2‰) and their mass balance calculations indicate that the areal extent of sulfidic waters and pyrite burial rates were about 2–4 times higher during the Pc‐C transition than in the modern ocean. The pyrite‐δ34S values (3.6–8.3‰) for the Tal shales are isotopically heavier compared to modern‐day sedimentary pyrites (∼−21‰). Calculations involving earlier‐reported δ34S values for early Cambrian seawater and our measured pyrite‐δ34S data estimate the seawater sulfate concentration (8 ± 3 mM) during their deposition. This sulfate value for the Tal basin is higher than that reported for the late Neoproterozoic ocean (<5 mM), attributable to increasing oxygen availability and continental supply during this time. The observed basinal conditions and high terrestrial input may have influenced metazoan diversification.
First‐Order Transition in Appalachian Orogenic Processes Revealed by Along‐Strike Variation of the Moho Geometry
Authors: Luo Yantao , Long Maureen D. , Karabinos Paul , Rondenay Stéphane , Masis Arce Roberto 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAlong‐strike variation of the Laurentian rifted margin and the Appalachian orogen has long been recognized in the geologic record. We investigated the manifestation of this along‐strike variation at depth by generating scattered wavefield migration profiles from four dense seismic arrays deployed across the Appalachian orogen at different latitudes. All profiles exhibit a similar crustal thickness decrease of 15–20 km from the Mesoproterozoic Grenville Province to the Paleozoic Appalachian accreted terranes, but the Moho architecture differs dramatically along strike. The profiles beneath the central and southern Appalachians show a smoothly varying Moho geometry; in contrast, there is an abrupt Moho depth offset beneath the New England Appalachians. This contrast in Moho geometry may result from variations in the Laurentian rifted margin architecture, changes in Taconic orogeny subduction polarity, and greater crustal shortening during the Acadian‐Neoacadian orogeny in southern New England and the Alleghanian orogeny in the central and southern Appalachians. A first‐order along‐strike transition in the behavior of Appalachian orogenic processes is located between the central and New England Appalachians.
Middle Miocene Onset of the Litang Fault System Records Kinematic Change in Eastern Tibet
Authors: Cao Kai , Zhang Di , Shen Xiaoming , Zhang Junfeng , Wang Dun , Xu Yadong , Wang Guocan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe ∼400‐km‐long Litang fault system (LTFS) is a major intracontinental strike‐slip fault inside the Chuandian block, eastern Tibet, but its evolution and role in accommodating the India‐Asia convergence remain poorly known. Structural analysis shows that the LTFS splits into 5 strands as a left‐lateral, right‐stepping en‐echelon pattern formed under NW‐directed compression, subsequently reactivated by transtensive faults under NNE‐directed extension. Displaced geological and morphological markers yield a cumulative left‐lateral offset of 28.9–42.8 km. Inverse thermal‐history modeling of thermochronological data of the faulted rocks reveal accelerated cooling at 38–35 Ma, 16–13 Ma, and 7–5 Ma. The late Eocene rapid cooling is ascribed to the reactivation of the Garze‐Litang suture. Rapid cooling events at 16–13 Ma and 7–5 Ma record the onset of transpression and transtension of the LTFS, respectively, yielding a geologic slip rate of 2.6 ± 0.7 mm/yr. Both bifurcated geometry and slow slip rate of the LTFS since 16–13 Ma indicate diffuse deformation inside the Chuandian block, contrasting with strain localized on fast‐slip strike‐slip faults on the block margins. This implies a significant kinematic transition in the middle Miocene, such that the extrusion of the segmented mega‐blocks has been accommodated by both localized and distributed deformation in eastern Tibet. This tectonic transition could be explained by a change in lithospheric rheology from an earlier rigid state to a viscous state underneath the Chuandian block due to thermal weakening of the lower crust. We thus reconcile the end‐member geodynamic models of block extrusion and lower crustal flow in late Cenozoic times.
Managing Sibling Referrals: Ethical Considerations for Integrated Pediatric Primary Care
Authors: Forcino Stacy S. , Grimes L. Michelle , Kuhn Brett R. 
Published: December 2023

Objective: Physicians in integrated primary care settings often refer siblings to the same pediatric psychologist. The objective of this article is to assist psychologists in ethical decision making regarding such referrals, which, if accepted, mean entering multiple relationships. Method: Ethical issues related to sibling referrals, including risk for harm and ways to avoid it, as well as potential benefits, are discussed in the context of the APA’s Ethics Code and relevant literature. Results: An ethical decision-making framework for evaluating sibling referrals is applied to case examples. Conclusions: Pediatric psychologists must thoughtfully evaluate sibling referrals to identify when accepting sibling referrals is a reasonable risk. Use of a framework can facilitate decision making. Implications for Impact Statement When pediatric psychologists provide individual therapy to more than one child from the same family, there are ethical risks. However, having siblings receive services from the same psychologist is efficient and improves access to care. This article reviews ethical risks and benefits of providing individual therapy to siblings and proposes a decision-making framework to aid pediatric psychologists in deciding how to proceed given sibling referrals.
The chromatin remodeling protein BRG1 regulates HSC-myofibroblast differentiation and liver fibrosis
Authors: Zhu Yuwen , Kang Aoqi , Kuai Yameng , Guo Yan , Miao Xiulian , Zhu Li , Kong Ming , Li Nan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractExcessive fibrogenic response in the liver disrupts normal hepatic anatomy and function heralding such end-stage liver diseases as hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis. Myofibroblasts, derived primarily from hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), are the effector of liver fibrosis. In the present study we investigated the mechanism by which Brahma-related gene 1 (BRG1, encoded by Smarca4) regulates HSC-myofibroblast transition and the implication in intervention against liver fibrosis. We report that BRG1 expression was elevated during HSC maturation in cell culture, in animal models, and in human cirrhotic liver biopsy specimens. HSC-specific deletion of BRG1 attenuated liver fibrosis in several different animal models. In addition, BRG1 ablation in myofibroblasts ameliorated liver fibrosis. RNA-seq identified IGFBP5 as a novel target for BRG1. Over-expression of IGFBP5 partially rescued the deficiency in myofibroblast activation when BRG1 was depleted. On the contrary, IGFBP5 knockdown suppressed HSC-myofibroblast transition in vitro and mollified liver fibrosis in mice. Mechanistically, IGFBP5 interacted with Bat3 to stabilize the Bat3-TβR complex and sustain TGF-β signaling. In conclusion, our data provide compelling evidence that BRG1 is a pivotal regulator of liver fibrosis by programming HSC-myofibroblast transition.