bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large charge ’t Hooft limit of $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 super-Yang-Mills
Authors: Caetano João , Komatsu Shota , Wang Yifan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The planar integrability of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 super-Yang-Mills (SYM) is the cornerstone for numerous exact observables. We show that the large charge sector of the SU(2) $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 SYM provides another interesting solvable corner which exhibits striking similarities despite being far from the planar limit. We study non-BPS operators obtained by small deformations of half-BPS operators with R-charge J in the limit J → ∞ with $$ {\lambda}_J\equiv {g}_{\textrm{YM}}^2J/2 $$

λ
J

≡

g
YM
2

J
/
2
fixed. The dynamics in this large charge ’t Hooft limit is constrained by a centrally-extended $$ \mathfrak{psu} $$
psu
(2|2)2 symmetry that played a crucial role for the planar integrability. To the leading order in 1/J, the spectrum is fully fixed by this symmetry, manifesting the magnon dispersion relation familiar from the planar limit, while it is constrained up to a few constants at the next order. We also determine the structure constant of two large charge operators and the Konishi operator, revealing a rich structure interpolating between the perturbative series at weak coupling and the worldline instantons at strong coupling. In addition we compute heavy-heavy-light-light (HHLL) four-point functions of half-BPS operators in terms of resummed conformal integrals and recast them into an integral form reminiscent of the hexagon formalism in the planar limit. For general SU(N) gauge groups, we study integrated HHLL correlators by supersymmetric localization and identify a dual matrix model of size J/2 that reproduces our large charge result at N = 2. Finally we discuss a relation to the physics on the Coulomb branch and explain how the dilaton Ward identity emerges from a limit of the conformal block expansion. We comment on generalizations including the large spin ’t Hooft limit, the combined large N-large J limits, and applications to general $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 superconformal field theories.
Sampling the lattice Nambu-Goto string using Continuous Normalizing Flows
Authors: Caselle Michele , Cellini Elia , Nada Alessandro 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Effective String Theory (EST) represents a powerful non-perturbative approach to describe confinement in Yang-Mills theory that models the confining flux tube as a thin vibrating string. EST calculations are usually performed using the zeta-function regularization: however there are situations (for instance the study of the shape of the flux tube or of the higher order corrections beyond the Nambu-Goto EST) which involve observables that are too complex to be addressed in this way. In this paper we propose a numerical approach based on recent advances in machine learning methods to circumvent this problem. Using as a laboratory the Nambu-Goto string, we show that by using a new class of deep generative models called Continuous Normalizing Flows it is possible to obtain reliable numerical estimates of EST predictions.
Brickwall in rotating BTZ: a dip-ramp-plateau story
Authors: Das Suman , Kundu Arnab 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In this article, building on our recent investigations and motivated by the fuzzball-paradigm, we explore normal modes of a probe massless scalar field in the rotating BTZ-geometry in an asymptotically AdS spacetime and correspondingly obtain the Spectral Form Factor (SFF) of the scalar field. In particular, we analyze the SFF obtained from the single-particle partition function. We observe that, a non-trivial Dip-Ramp-Plateau (DRP) structure, with a Ramp of slope one (within numerical precision) exists in the SFF which is obtained from the grand-canonical partition function. This behaviour is observed to remain stable close to extremality as well. However, at exact extremality, we observe a loss of the DRP-structure in the corresponding SFF. Technically, we have used two methods to obtain our results: (i) An explicit and direct numerical solution of the boundary conditions to obtain the normal modes, (ii) A WKB-approximation, which yields analytic, semi-analytic and efficient numerical solutions for the modes in various regimes. We further re-visit the non-rotating case and elucidate the effectiveness of the WKB-approximation in this case, which allows for an analytic expression of the normal modes in the regime where a level-repulsion exists. This regime corresponds to the lower end of the spectrum as a function of the scalar angular momentum, while the higher end of this spectrum tends to become flat. By analyzing the classical stress-tensor of the probe sector, we further demonstrate that the back-reaction of the scalar field grows fast as the angular momenta of the scalar modes increase in the large angular momenta regime, while the back-reaction remains controllably small in the regime where the spectrum has non-trivial level correlations. This further justifies cutting the spectrum off at a suitable value of the scalar angular momenta, beyond which the scalar back-reaction significantly modifies the background geometry.
Status of direct determination of solar neutrino fluxes after Borexino
Authors: Gonzalez-Garcia M. C. , Maltoni Michele , Pinheiro João Paulo , Serenelli Aldo M. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We determine the solar neutrino fluxes from the global analysis of the most up-to-date terrestrial and solar neutrino data including the final results of the three phases of Borexino. The analysis are performed in the framework of three-neutrino mixing with and without accounting for the solar luminosity constraint. We discuss the independence of the results on the input from the Gallium experiments. The determined fluxes are then compared with the predictions provided by the latest Standard Solar Models. We quantify the dependence of the model comparison with the assumptions about the normalization of the solar neutrino fluxes produced in the CNO-cycle as well as on the particular set of fluxes employed for the model testing.
Diastasis Recti Abdominis Rehabilitation in the Postpartum Period: A Scoping Review of Current Clinical Practice
Authors: Skoura Anastasia , Billis Evdokia , Papanikolaou Dimitra Tania , Xergia Sofia , Tsarbou Charis , Tsekoura Maria , Kortianou Eleni , Maroulis Ioannis 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Introduction and hypothesis
Despite exercise being the standard approach to diastasis recti abdominis (DRA) rehabilitation, there is no consensus on the most effective exercise routine and adjunct modalities for reducing DRA and improving functional parameters. The present study is aimed at investigating evidence for DRA rehabilitation in postpartum women, as well as knowledge gaps and areas for future research.

Methods
For this scoping review a systematic search was conducted in MEDLINE, AMED, CINAHL, Embase, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and PEDro up to November 2022. Selection criteria included studies investigating exercise therapy interventions both with and without adjunct modalities for postpartum DRA. Sample characteristics, diagnostic criteria, program design, and outcome measures were recorded. Critical appraisal of clinical trials was performed using PEDro classification.

Results
Twenty-eight studies were included: 14 clinical trials, 3 case series, and 11 observational studies. DRA exercises that focused on deep and superficial muscles, pelvic floor muscles, respiratory maneuvers, functional exercises, or alternative interventions (yoga, suspension training, hypopressive exercise) and adjunct modalities showed promising results in reducing the inter-recti distance and related dysfunction. However, there was great variability in diagnostic criteria and methods, DRA severity, time post-birth, and exercise program design.

Conclusions
Reviewed studies provide valuable insights into exercise therapy, but it is important to recognize their limitations, as variability in diagnostic criteria, sample characteristics, and exercise program design hinder the generalizability of the findings. Further high-quality research is needed to strengthen the evidence in this area and provide reliable recommendations for clinical practice.
Effects of congeners of amphetamine on the human heart
Authors: Neumann Joachim , Dhein Stefan , Kirchhefer Uwe , Hofmann Britt , Gergs Ulrich 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCentral stimulatory and hallucinogenic drugs of abuse like amphetamine and most congeners of amphetamine can have cardiac harmful effects. These cardiac side effects can lead to morbidities and death. In this paper, we review current knowledge on the direct and indirect effects of these amphetamine congeners on the mammalian heart—more specifically, the isolated human heart muscle preparation. In detail, we address the question of whether and how these drugs affect cardiac contractility and their mechanisms of action. Based on this information, further research areas are defined, and further research efforts are proposed.
Antegrade flexible ureteroscopy-assisted percutaneous nephrolithotomy for staghorn calculi: a prospective randomized controlled study
Authors: Qi Yuanjiong , Xing Haonan , Yang Shushuai , Peng Zhongsheng , Chen Yue , Qi Shiyong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe aim is to compare the efficacy and safety between single percutaneous nephrolithotomy (sPNL) and antegrade flexible ureteroscopy-assisted percutaneous nephrolithotomy (aPNL) for the treatment of staghorn calculi. A prospective randomized controlled study was conducted at the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University. A total of 160 eligible patients were included, with 81 in the sPNL group and 79 in the aPNL group. The study first compared the overall differences between sPNL and aPNL. Then, the patients were divided into two subgroups: Group 1 (with less than 5 stone branches) and Group 2 (with 5 or more stone branches), and the differences between the two subgroups were further analyzed. The results showed that aPNL had a higher stone-free rate (SFR) and required fewer percutaneous tracts, with a shorter operation time compared to sPNL (P < 0.05). Moreover, aPNL significantly reduced the need for staged surgery, particularly in patients with 5 or more stone branches. Moreover, there were no significant differences in the changes of hemoglobin levels and the need for blood transfusions between the sPNL and aPNL groups, and the incidence of multiple tracts was lower in the aPNL group. The two groups showed comparable rates of perioperative complications. We concluded that aPNL resulted in a higher SFR for staghorn calculi, and required fewer multiple percutaneous tracts, reduced the need for staged surgery, and had a shorter operative time than PNL alone, especially for patients with 5 or more stone branches. Furthermore, aPNL did not increase the incidence of surgical complications.
Double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction resulted in better International Knee Documentation Committee objective grading at fifteen year follow-up compared to single-bundle reconstruction
Authors: Seppänen Arttu , Suomalainen Piia , Kiekara Tommi , Mäenpää Heikki , Huhtala Heini , Järvelä Timo 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this prospective randomized study was to evaluate whether the use of the anatomic double-bundle (DB) method for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction results in better clinical outcomes and a lower incidence of graft failure compared with the anatomic single-bundle (SB) method. The hypothesis was that DB ACL reconstruction would result in a lower incidence of graft failure.

Methods
Patients were randomly assigned to either the SB group (n = 78) or the DB group (n = 75). Evaluation included clinical testing, subjective assessments, functional testing, and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) objective grading. Surgical techniques were anatomic, and the rehabilitation protocol was standardized.

Results
At 15-year follow-up, information was available on 100 patients (65%), of whom 55 (36%) were accepted in the final statistical analysis. There were almost three times as many graft failures in the SB group, but the result wasn´t statistically significant. Subjective assessments, knee stability (KT -1000 and pivot shift), range of motion (ROM), and functional one leg hop test showed no statistically significant differences between the groups. However, DB ACL reconstruction resulted in better International Knee Documentation Committee objective grading (P < 0.001).

Conclusion
At the 15-year follow-up, double-bundle surgery resulted in significantly better International Knee Documentation Committee objective grading compared to single-bundle surgery.
Influence of temperature and preload force on capacitance and electromechanical impedance of lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric wafer active sensors for structural health monitoring of bolts
Authors: Sahm Daniel , Pak Daniel 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study focuses on the effect of temperature and preload force on capacitance and electromechanical impedance of lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric wafer active sensors for structural health monitoring of bolts. We explain the influence of temperature on the basis of the phenomenological thermodynamic theory of ferroelectricity by Landau, Ginsburg and Devonshire. The article illustrates the effect of damping the radial deformation of piezoelectric sensors on the capacitance and electromechanical impedance spectra in structural health monitoring of bolts. We also explains the similarities between the effects of temperature and preload force on the electromechanical impedance spectra. We establish a clear correlation between the mechanical strain in the region of the sensor (here due to a preload force), the capacitance and the electromechanical impedance spectra and thus show that piezoelectric sensors made of lead–zirconate–titanate can be used excellently in areas of variable mechanical strain. The article enhances the understanding of the measurement method and facilitates the transfer of the measurement method to other problems in structural health monitoring. Furthermore, the acquired knowledge serves as a solid basis for verifying the plausibility of data sets containing electromechanical impedance spectra.
Pediatric motor vehicle crashes injuries: A systematic review for forensic evaluation
Authors: Giovannini Elena , Santelli Simone , Pelletti Guido , Bonasoni Maria Paola , Cornacchia Angela , Pelotti Susi , Fais Paolo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractChildren involved in car crashes can experience either direct trauma or inertial injuries resulting from interactions with external objects, such as other vehicles, or with the restraint system. Furthermore, improper use of restraint systems can lead to additional severe injuries. Recent reports from international institutions underscored the persistent prevalence of inadequate restraint systems utilization and this widespread issue increases children’s vulnerability and risk of injuries.The aim of this study is to provide a systematic review of the literature on injuries sustained in children involved in road accidents describing and analyzing elements useful for forensic assessment.The literature search was performed using PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science from January 1970 to March 2023. Eligible studies have investigated issues of interest to forensic medicine about traffic accidents involving pediatric passengers. A total of 69 studies satisfied the inclusion criteria and were categorized and analyzed according to the anatomical regions of the body affected (head, neck, thoraco-abdominal, and limb injuries), and the assessment of lesions in reconstruction of the accident was examined and discussed.The review highlights that in motor vehicle accidents involving children, the forensic evaluation of both the cause of death and accident dynamics needs to consider several factors, such as the child’s age, the type of restraint system employed, and the specific passenger seat occupied. Considering the complexity of the factors that can be involved in this road accident, it is crucial that there is a comprehensive exchange of information between the judge and the medical expert.
Convex functions defined on metric spaces are pulled back to subharmonic ones by harmonic maps
Authors: Lavenant Hugo , Monsaingeon Léonard , Tamanini Luca , Vorotnikov Dmitry 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIf $$u: \Omega \subset \mathbb {R}^d \rightarrow \textrm{X}$$

u
:
Ω
⊂

R

d

→
X

is a harmonic map valued in a metric space $$\textrm{X}$$
X
and $$\textsf{E}: \textrm{X}\rightarrow \mathbb {R}$$

E
:
X
→
R

is a convex function, in the sense that it generates an $$\textrm{EVI}_0$$

EVI
0

-gradient flow, we prove that the pullback $$\textsf{E}\circ u: \Omega \rightarrow \mathbb {R}$$

E
∘
u
:
Ω
→
R

is subharmonic. This property was known in the smooth Riemannian manifold setting or with curvature restrictions on $$\textrm{X}$$
X
, while we prove it here in full generality. In addition, we establish generalized maximum principles, in the sense that the $$L^q$$

L
q

norm of $$\textsf{E}\circ u$$

E
∘
u

on $$\partial \Omega $$

∂
Ω

controls the $$L^p$$

L
p

norm of $$\textsf{E}\circ u$$

E
∘
u

in $$\Omega $$
Ω
for some well-chosen exponents $$p \ge q$$

p
≥
q

, including the case $$p=q=+\infty $$

p
=
q
=
+
∞

. In particular, our results apply when $$\textsf{E}$$
E
is a geodesically convex entropy over the Wasserstein space, and thus settle some conjectures of Brenier (Optimal transportation and applications (Martina Franca, 2001), volume 1813 of lecture notes in mathematics, Springer, Berlin, pp 91–121, 2003).
Lateralization of the 5-HT1A receptors in the basolateral amygdala in metabolic and anxiety responses to chronic restraint stress
Authors: Valipour Habib , Meftahi Gholam Hossein , Pirzad Jahromi Gila , Mohammadi Alireza 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBehavioral and functional studies describe hemispheric asymmetry in anxiety and metabolic behaviors in responses to stress. However, no study has reported serotonergic receptor (the 5-HT1A receptor) lateralization in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) in vivo on anxiety and metabolic behaviors under stress. In the present study, the effect of unilateral and bilateral suppression of the 5-HT1A receptor in the BLA on anxiety, and metabolic responses to chronic restraint stress was assessed. Male Wistar rats 7 days after cannulation into the BLA received chronic restraint stress for 14 consecutive days. 20 minutes before induction of stress, WAY-100–635 (selective 5-HT1A antagonist) or sterile saline (vehicle) was administered either uni- or bi-laterally into the BLA. Behavioral (elevated plus maze; EPM, and open field test), and metabolic parameter studies were performed. Results showed that stress causes a significant increase in weight gain compared to control. In the non-stress condition, the left and bilaterally, and in the stress condition the right, left, and both sides, inhibition of 5-HT1A in the BLA reduced weight gain. In the restraint stress condition, only inhibition of the 5-HT1A receptor in the left BLA led to decreased food intake compared to the control group. In stress conditions, inhibition of the 5-HT1A receptor on the right, left, and bilateral BLA increased water intake compared to the stress group. Inhibition of the 5-HT1A receptor on the left side of the BLA by WAY-100–635 induced anxiety-like behaviors in stressed rats. Similarly, WAY-100–635 on the left BLA effectively caused anxiety-like behaviors in both EPM and open field tests in the control animals. In conclusion, it seems that 5-HT1A receptors in the left BLA are more responsible for anxiety-like behaviors and metabolic changes in responses to stress.
Autoimmune thyroid disease and rheumatoid arthritis: where the twain meet
Authors: Lichtiger Anna , Fadaei Golfam , Tagoe Clement E. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAutoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is the most prevalent autoimmune disease. It shares multiple genetic, clinical, and serologic characteristics with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Although frequently described as a classic form of single-organ autoimmunity, the AITD disease burden in a subset of patients extends well beyond the thyroid gland. This review explores the complex interaction between the two diseases and the clinical consequences when they overlap. Beyond the well-known effects of AITD on thyroid function in RA, there is mounting evidence of the association of both conditions impacting the presentation and outcomes of diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease. An increasing number of studies suggest that there are negative effects of AITD on RA disease activity both in the presence and in the absence of thyroid dysfunction. Recent evidence suggests that AITD may not only worsen the cumulative damage of RA through higher disease activity but may also worsen secondary osteoarthritis changes. Less well-known is the significant association between AITD and chronic widespread pain syndromes including fibromyalgia. Importantly, the presence of fibromyalgia, which is increased in RA patients, appears to be further increased when it overlaps with AITD. Lastly, we probe the possible influence of AITD interacting with RA on fertility and clinical depression.Key Points• Autoimmune thyroid disease is the most common autoimmune disease and is frequently associated with rheumatoid arthritis.• Autoimmune thyroid disease can present with osteoarthritis, inflammatory arthritis, and chronic widespread pain syndromes.• The co-occurrence of autoimmune thyroid disease and rheumatoid arthritis may worsen disease activity and exacerbate other disease manifestations including cardiovascular disease, fertility, and depression.• The overlap of rheumatoid arthritis with autoimmune thyroid disease needs further research and should be sought in general clinical practice.
Monoclonal antibodies targeting the calcitonin gene-related peptide pathway improve the effectiveness of acute medication—a real-world study
Authors: Rosignoli Chiara , Caponnetto Valeria , Onofri Agnese , Trozzi Vittorio , Tartaglione Lorenzo , Silvestro Marcello , Russo Antonio , Sacco Simona , Ornello Raffaele 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
One of the aims of migraine prevention is to improve response to acute migraine treatments. The aim of the present study was to assess whether monoclonal antibodies targeting the CGRP pathway (CGRP-mAbs) can improve the perceived efficacy of acute treatments.

Methods
We included and followed up patients with chronic or episodic migraine from the Headache Centers of Avezzano-L’Aquila and Naples treated with CGRP-mAbs from March 2021 to December 2022. All patients filled out the Migraine Treatment Optimization Questionnaire (MTOQ), the Headache Impact Test (HIT-6), and the Migraine Impact and Disability Assessment Scale (MIDAS) at baseline and 3–6 months after the start of treatment with CGRP-mAbs.

Results
Sixty-five patients (81.3%) completed the 6-month follow-up. Most patients were female (55, 84.6%), with a median age of 46 years (IQR 39–56). Median MTOQ score increased from 8 (interquartile range [IQR] 4–13) at baseline to 15 (IQR 11–17) at 3 months (p < 0.001) and 16 (IQR 13–17) at the 6-month follow-up (p < 0.001). Median migraine days over 90-day periods decreased from 40 (IQR 24–60) to 24 (IQR 15–30) at 3 months (p < 0.001) and to 20 (IQR 12–24) at 6 months (p < 0.001). Median monthly intake of acute medication decreased from 55 doses (IQR 29–80.5) to 24 doses (IQR 15–40) at 3 months and 18 doses (IQR 11–30) at 6 months (p < 0.001).

Conclusions
We showed that 6 months of preventive treatment with CGRP-mAbs led to a significantly better effectiveness of acute treatments, paralleled by decreased monthly migraine days and acute treatment intake.