bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Covid-19-Associated Mucormycosis: Histopathology of the Deadly Fungal Infection
Authors: Anand Nidhi , Srivastava Pallavi , Agrawal Ashish Chandra , Gupta Nikhil , Das Anupam , Husain Nuzhat 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Introduction Many patients suffered from rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in India. Diabetes is a known risk factor of COVID-19 infection and mucormycosis.
Objective The present study was done to describe the clinical spectrum and histopathological findings of mucormycosis in COVID-19 patients and their outcomes.
Methods A cross-sectional study was done over a period of two and half months. The biopsy samples or scrapings from sinonasal or periorbital tissue of 38 patients were analyzed. Hematoxylin & Eosin (H&E stain) slides were evaluated along with Grocott-Gomori methenamine–silver and Periodic acid–Schiff stains to highlight the fungal elements.
Results The male to female ratio was 2.5:1, and the mean age of the subjects was 53 years old. A total of 68.4% (n = 26/38) of the patients had diabetes as a comorbidity, 84.2% (n = 32/38) had a history of steroid intake, and 55.3% (n = 21/38) were given supplemental oxygen during their treatment. The common presentations were nasal blockage, discharge, eye pain, headache, and altered mentation. The sites of biopsy were: nasal cavity 76.3% (n = 29/38), periorbital fat/orbit 21.1% (n = 8/38), maxillary sinus 15.8% (n = 6/38) and ethmoid sinus 13.2% (n = 5/38). In 76.3% (n = 29/38) cases, broad, irregular, nonseptate, and right-angle branching hyphae were seen on H&E-stained tissue sections.
Conclusion COVID-19 led to various complications in individuals affected by it. Mucormycosis was one such lethal complication. An early diagnosis and prompt treatment is crucial to control the progression of the disease and improve outcomes.
Pathological Diagnosis of Pulmonary Aspergillosis
Authors: Jensen Henrik E. , Becker Cecilie B. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPulmonary aspergillosis constitutes an increasingly prevalent and potentially fatal complex of mycotic diseases, caused by different species of Aspergillus. The broad spectrum of pathological manifestations associated with pulmonary aspergillosis necessitates a differentiation of commensalism from saprophytic colonization, hypersensitivity reactions, and true invasive infections, which highlights the importance of histopathology as a gold standard in a diagnostic setting. For the past decades, changes in terminology and contradicting contributions from different diagnostic disciplines have made the classification of pulmonary aspergillosis rather confusing. This review offers a categorization of aspergillosis lesions based on what can be histopathologically identified and distinguished, differentiating between acute invasive infection and forms of subacute, chronic, and allergic diseases and coinfections, and summarizes important manifestations of lesions associated with the different forms of pulmonary aspergillosis.
High efficiency grating couplers for strain tunable GaAs quantum dot based entangled photon sources
Authors: Schmidt Constantin , Ma Chenxi , Benthin Frederik , Yang Jingzhong , Rugeramigabo Eddy P. , Zopf Michael , Ding Fei 
Published: January 2024

The on-chip integration of single photon and entangled photon emitters such as epitaxially grown semiconductor quantum dots into photonic frameworks is a rapidly evolving research field. GaAs quantum dots offer high purity and a high degree of entanglement due to, in part, exhibiting very small fine structure splitting along with short radiative lifetimes. Integrating strain-tunable quantum dots into nanostructures enhances the quantum optical fingerprint, i.e., radiative lifetimes and coupling of these sources, and allows for on-chip manipulation and routing of the generated quantum states of light. Efficient out-coupling of photons for off-chip processing and detection requires carefully engineered mesoscopic structures. Here, we present numerical studies of highly efficient grating couplers reaching up to over 90% transmission. A 2D Gaussian mode overlap of 83.39% for enhanced out-coupling of light from within strain-tunable photonic nanostructures for free-space transmission and single-mode fiber coupling is shown. The photon wavelength under consideration is 780 nm, corresponding to the emission from GaAs quantum dots resembling the 87Rb D2 line. The presented numerical study helps implement such sources for applications in complex quantum optical networks.
Effect of a permanent-magnet-induced cusp field on a magnetic nozzle radio frequency plasma thruster
Authors: Nakahama Yugo , Takahashi Kazunori 
Published: January 2024

A cusp magnetic field is formed upstream of a radio frequency antenna by using a permanent magnet (PM) array in a radio frequency plasma source attached to a diffusion chamber, while an expanding magnetic field configuration downstream of the source is maintained by placing a solenoid near the source tube’s exit, resembling a magnetic nozzle plasma thruster. The PM array is composed of 16 neodymium magnets and is designed to be movable axially, providing a movable axial location of the cusp field. The source is operated at a frequency of 13.56 MHz and an rf power of up to 2.6 kW in low-pressure argon. A force exerted on a target plate located downstream of the source is assessed by a pendulum target technique, showing that the force is increased if the cusp field is closer to the radio frequency antenna. The result is consistent with the previously reported result for the cusp field configuration applied by two sets of solenoids, while the present configuration can reduce the consumed electricity for the upstream solenoid.
Hard magnetic properties of Fe16N2 magnets
Authors: Saito Tetsuji , Yamamoto Hitoshi 
Published: January 2024

Fe16N2 nanopowder composed of the α″-Fe16N2 phase exhibited a high saturation magnetization of 168 emu/g and a relatively high coercivity of 2.65 kOe under magnetic measurements with a DC magnetic field of 25 kOe at room temperature. A thermal study revealed that the α″-Fe16N2 phase in the Fe16N2 nanopowder was thermally stable up to 539 K. Fe16N2 nanopowder is, therefore, a prospective candidate for rare-earth-free magnets.
Enhancement of magnetoelectric coupling in laminate composites of textured Fe–Ga thin sheet and PZT
Authors: Liu Jiande , He Zhenghua , Mi Chengdong , Sha Yuhui , Zhu Xiaofei , Hao Hongbo , Chen Lijia , Zuo Liang 
Published: January 2024

Magneto-mechano-electric (MME) generators consisting of piezoelectric and magnetostrictive materials can convert the stray magnetic noise to useful electric energy for the wireless sensor networks utilizing the magnetoelectric coupling effect and magnetic interactions. In this paper, a scalable engineering approach was proposed to fabricate the laminate MME generator composed of a PZT/Fe–Ga/PZT sandwich structure. The Goss-oriented Fe81Ga19 thin sheet with a large magnetostriction of 244 ppm was produced by a simple and low-cost approach, and the commercial polycrystalline piezoelectric ceramic products (PZT-5H) were used as the PZT layers. The effect of grain orientation, device structure, magnetic field amplitude, and resonance frequency on the electrical output of the PZT/Fe–Ga/PZT MME generator was investigated. The electrical output of the MME generator containing the Goss-oriented Fe81Ga19 thin sheet reached an AC voltage of 4.58 V and the ME coefficient of 76.33 V/cm·Oe under a low excitation magnetic field of 26 Oe at a low resonance frequency of 26 Hz. The MME generator with a Goss-oriented Fe–Ga layer shows 4.7 times higher output voltage and ME coupling coefficient than that with the no-oriented polycrystalline Fe–Ga layer, but only 81% of the latter’s resonance frequency. This is related to the significant increase in magnetostriction due to the texture transition after secondary recrystallization annealing at the temperature of 950 °C. This paper provides a very promising solution to meet the self-power supply needs of the Internet of Things utilizing low-value and low-frequency magnetic fields.
Effect of uniaxial stress on magnetic property of laminated amorphous sheets up to kilohertz range
Authors: Zhu Xueying , Li Yongjian , Dou Yu , Gao Jingming 
Published: January 2024

Amorphous alloys are widely used as the core material for motors and transformers, which are subjected to stresses during manufacturing and operation processes. For instance, the compressive stress can influence the magnetic properties of amorphous alloys which leads to local overheating in the device and reduce the reliability. A high-frequency magnetizer with a stress application unit is designed and constructed to investigate the magnetic properties of amorphous alloys up to kilohertz range under stress conditions. The amorphous alloy sheets will fracture under stress because of their poor ductility and brittleness, so this paper uses laminated amorphous alloy sheets as the sample. The hysteresis loops and loss characteristics of amorphous alloys under stress ranging from 20 MPa tensile stress to 20 MPa compressive stress at a frequency of 50 Hz to 4 kHz are investigated. This research can provide data support for the design of cores in electromagnetic devices.
Structure and magnetic properties of nanocrystalline SmCo5 and SmCo3Cu2 prepared by using high-pressure torsion method
Authors: Wang Fei-Yang , Qi Ting-Ting , Wu Qiong , Ge Hong-liang , Si Ping-Zhan 
Published: January 2024

Nanocrystalline SmCo5 and SmCo3Cu2 alloys were prepared by using high pressure torsion (HPT) method. The effect of severe plastic deformation of HPT on the structure and magnetic properties of the samples were investigated systematically. The grain size of SmCo5 and SmCo3Cu2 alloys was refined to the nanocrystalline regime or even amorphous state by HPT, depending on the number of the HPT rotation. Lamellar microstructures of the grains were observed in the samples after HPT for 2 turns of rotation. With increasing number of HPT rotation, a further structural refinement and an increasing coercivity were observed. The coercivity of the as-cast SmCo5 and SmCo3Cu2 alloys after HPT reached up to 0.5 and 1.64 T, respectively. This work demonstrates that HPT is a high efficiency method in producing bulk nanocrystalline magnetic materials.
Dynamic susceptibility of dipolar coupled magnetic vortices
Authors: Jales T. G. M. , Martins S. M. B. , Carriço A. S. , Dantas Ana L. 
Published: January 2024

We report a calculation of the dynamic susceptibility of a pair of ferromagnetic circular nanocylinders stacked along the common axis, one on the other, and separated by a thin nonmagnetic spacer. Our theoretical model considers the dipolar energy without restrictions on dipolar sums, along with the anisotropy and exchange energies. Our results indicate that the nanocylinders dipolar interaction may affect the susceptibility spectrum. We have found, for instance, that a 30nm thick, 70nm diameter Fe nanocylinder holds a single magnetic vortex, and the planar susceptibility (χxx) spectrum displays two low-frequency peaks (at 0.37 and 1.00 GHz). We have also found that the χxx susceptibility spectrum of dipolar-coupled vortices in a pair of Fe nanocylinders with a 5 nm spacer exhibits peaks at 0.3, 0.7, 1.2, and 1.4 GHz. Furthermore, the relative weight of the peaks is controlled by the degree of spatial localization of these excitations.
Supplementary comparison of national measurement standards of gauge pressure in the range from 1 MPa to 10 MPa
Authors: Zuyev A , Bardonov A , Leontyev M , Dapkeviciene K 
Published: January 2024

Main text
This report gives the results of the supplementary comparison COOMET.M.P-S1 for measurements of the gauge pressure within the range from 1 MPa to 10 MPa. This comparison was piloted by NSC "Institute of Metrology" (Kharkiv, Ukraine). The principle of comparison is to determine the transfer standard effective area of the piston according to the method of cross-float equilibrium of transfer standard and national standards NMI-participants comparisons piston-cylinder assemblies. All values agree with the reference values within the expanded uncertainties taken with coverage factor k = 2.
To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Modulating the density of silicon nanowire arrays for high-performance hydrovoltaic devices
Authors: Zhang Binbin , Zhang Bingchang , Sheng Guangshang , Gu Chenyang , Yu Jia , Zhang Xiaohong 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Hydrovoltaic devices (HDs) based on silicon nanowire (SiNW) arrays have received intensive attention due to their simple preparation, mature processing technology, and high output power. Investigating the impact of structure parameters of SiNWs on the performance of HDs can guide the optimization of the devices, but related research is still not sufficient. This work studies the effect of the SiNW density on the performance of HDs. SiNW arrays with different densities were prepared by controlling the react time of Si wafers in the seed solution (t
seed) in metal-assisted chemical etching. Density of SiNW array gradually decreases with the increase of t
seed. HDs were fabricated based on SiNW arrays with different densities. The research results indicate that the open-circuit voltage gradually decreases with increasing t
seed, while the short-circuit current first increases and then decreases with increasing t
seed. Overall, SiNW devices with t
seed of 20 s and 60 s have the best output performance. The difference in output performance of HDs based on SiNWs with different densities is attributed to the difference in the gap sizes between SiNWs, specific surface area of SiNWs, and the number of SiNWs in parallel. This work gives the corresponding relationship between the preparation conditions of SiNWs, array density, and output performance of hydrovoltaic devices. Density parameters of SiNW arrays with optimized output performance and corresponding preparation conditions are revealed. The relevant results have important reference value for understanding the mechanism of HDs and designing structural parameters of SiNWs for high-performance hydrovoltaic devices.
The fastVFP code for solution of the Vlasov–Fokker–Planck equation
Authors: Bell A R , Sherlock M 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We describe the fastVFP code for solution of the Vlasov–Fokker–Planck equation for non-local electron transport and the generation of magnetic field, especially for application to laser-produced plasmas. We describe the essential features of the code that make it fast and robust and suitable for inclusion as a transport package in a fluid simulation. We present a few sample results that demonstrate the abilities of the code.
Non-Maxwellian electron effects on the macroscopic response of a Hall thruster discharge from an axial–radial kinetic model
Authors: Marín-Cebrián Alberto , Bello-Benítez Enrique , Domínguez-Vázquez Adrián , Ahedo Eduardo 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
A 2D axial–radial particle-in-cell (PIC) model of a Hall thruster discharge has been developed to analyze (mainly) the fluid equations satisfied by the azimuthally-averaged slow dynamics of electrons. Their weak collisionality together with a strong interaction with the thruster walls lead to a non-Maxwellian velocity distribution function (VDF). Consequently, the resulting macroscopic response differs from a conventional collisional fluid. First, the gyrotropic (diagonal) part of the pressure tensor is anisotropic. Second, its gyroviscous part, although small, is relevant in the azimuthal momentum balance, where the dominant contributions are orders of magnitude lower than in the axial momentum balance. Third, the heat flux vector does not satisfy simple laws, although convective and conductive behaviors can be identified for the parallel and perpendicular components, respectively. And fourth, the electron wall interaction parameters can differ largely from the classical sheath theory, based on near Maxwellian VDF. Furthermore, these effects behave differently in the near-anode and near-exit regions of the channel. Still, the profiles of basic plasma magnitudes agree well with those of 1D axial fluid models. To facilitate the interpretation of the plasma response, a quasiplanar geometry, a purely-radial magnetic field, and a simple empirical model of cross-field transport were used; but realistic configurations and a more elaborate anomalous diffusion formulation can be incorporated. Computational time was controlled by using an augmented vacuum permittivity and a stationary depletion law for neutrals.
Radiative dynamics of laser-driven Li@C

n
embedded in quantum plasma
Authors: Bahar Mustafa Kemal 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This work considers a guest Lithium atom (Li@C

n
) in an endohedral fullerene, embedded in a quantum plasma modeled by the more general exponential cosine screened Coulomb (MGECSC) potential, under the influence of a spherical confinement and laser radiation field. The system is examined in nonrelativistic form and the related wave equation is solved using the tridiagonal matrix method (TMM), thus obtaining the discrete-continuum spectrum and related wave functions. The numerical values of the relevant parameters in this process are physically accessible values. The effects of the plasma, laser field and endohedral cavity on the photoionization cross section (PCS) are analysed in detail. The shielding effect of the plasma medium and the pulsating effect of the laser field modify the effective potential energy of the system, affecting the localizations of the 2s and continuum states, causing various overlapping cases. Considering different values of the endohedral encompassement parameters, which means that different types of fullerenes are taken into account, overlapping cases occur for different spectra and wave functions. Scrutinising these overlappings, the confinement and Cooper resonances of the PCSs are analysed. This analysis provides many details for the radiative dynamics of an artificial system Li@C

n
. The relevant ranges and critical values of plasma, laser field, and endohedral encapsulation parameters in the formation process of these resonances and PCSs are explained, as well as the cross-section curves, resonance positions, effective photoelectron energy range, and general PCS behavior, which can be important for potential experiments in addition to other theoretical investigations.
Practical realisation of the kelvin by Johnson noise thermometry
Authors: Benz Samuel P , Coakley Kevin J , Flowers-Jacobs Nathan E , Rogalla Horst , Tew Weston L , Qu Jifeng , White D Rod , Gaiser Christof , Pollarolo Alessio , Urano Chiharu 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Johnson noise thermometry (JNT) is a purely electronic method of thermodynamic thermometry. In primary JNT, the temperature is inferred from a comparison of the Johnson noise voltage of a resistor at the unknown temperature with a pseudo-random noise synthesized by a quantum-based voltage-noise source (QVNS). The advantages of the method are that it relies entirely on electronic measurements, and it can be used over a wide range of temperatures due to the ability of the QVNS to generate programmable, scalable, and accurate reference signals. The disadvantages are the requirement of cryogenic operation of the QVNS, the need to match the frequency responses of the leads of the sense resistor and the QVNS, and long measurement times. This review collates advice on current best practice for a primary JNT based on the switched correlator and QVNS. The method achieves an uncertainty of about 1 mK near 300 K and is suited to operation between 4 K and 1000 K.
Design of structured meshes of mining excavations based on variability trends of real point clouds from laser scanning for numerical airflow modeling
Authors: Wróblewski Adam , Kujawa Paulina , Wodecki Jacek , Ziętek Bartłomiej 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Various technologies are used to acquire and process 3D data from mining excavations, such as Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS), photogrammetry, or Mobile Mapping Systems (MMS) supported by Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) algorithms. Due to the often difficult measurement conditions, the data obtained are often incomplete or inaccurate. There are gaps in the point cloud due to objects obscuring the tunnel. Data processing itself is also time-consuming. Point clouds must be cleaned of unnecessary noise and elements. On the other hand, accurate modeling of airflows is an ongoing challenge for the scientific community. Considering the utilization of 3D data for the numerical analysis of airflow in mining excavations using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) tools, this poses a considerable problem, especially the creation of a surface mesh model, which could be further utilized for this application. This paper proposes a method to create a synthetic model based on real data. 3D data from underground mining tunnels captured by a LiDAR sensor are processed employing feature extraction. A uniformly sampled tunnel of given dimensions, point cloud resolution, and cross-sectional shape is created for which obtained features are applied, e.g. general trajectory of the tunnel, shapes of walls, and additional valuable noise for obtaining surfaces of desired roughness. This allows to adjust parameters such as resolution, dimensions, or strengths of features to obtain the best possible representation of a real underground mining excavation geometry. From a perspective of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations of airflow, this approach has the potential to shorten geometry preparation, increase the quality of computational meshes, reduce discretization time, and increase the accuracy of the results obtained, which is of particular importance considering airflow modeling of extensive underground ventilation networks.
Life cycle assessment of a new smart label for intelligent packaging
Authors: Sokka L , Välimäki M , Väisänen K -L , Keskinen J , Hakola E , Mäntysalo M , Ollila J , Happonen T , Hakola L , Smolander M 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Within the past years, there has been a growing demand for sustainable, cost-efficient on-line sensing of chemical and physical properties and locations of products. Measuring of products’ physical properties, such as temperature and humidity, could improve product safety and efficiency of logistic operations. In the future measurement of temperature of food items could also aid in reducing food wastage. The aim of this study was to calculate the life cycle environment impacts of a temperature logger, hereafter called smart label, primarily targeted for the monitoring of the packed food products. According to the results, the largest normalised impacts of the smart label production are resource use (both use of fossil fuels and use of minerals and metals), eutrophication and particulate matter formation. The main materials causing these impacts were the printed electronics inks and adhesives. In addition, energy used in the production, and plastics used as substrates had large impacts on the results. It should be noted that the present calculations have mainly been made on a laboratory scale. The impacts are likely to get smaller on an industrial scale with more efficient production. In the future, the label could potentially bring environmental benefits through product savings when used in products with high environmental load.