bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and psychometric properties of a questionnaire about knowledge of lay people about traumatic dental injury
Authors: Magno Marcela Baraúna , Jural Lucas Alves , Ribeiro‐Lages Mariana Batista , Silva Kenderson , Coqueiro Raildo Silva , Pithon Matheus Melo , Maia Lucianne Cople 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackground/AimsThe level of knowledge about traumatic dental injuries (TDI) of lay people from a national point of view has never been studied and there is currently a lack of validated research instruments on this issue. The present study aims to develop and validate a questionnaire (TDI‐Q) to assess the knowledge of lay people about TDI, including participants from the five regions of Brazil.Material and MethodsTDI‐Q was drafted, in Brazilian Portuguese, based on the recommendations of the International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT). Before its application, TDI‐Q was evaluated by dentists, lay people, linguists, and psychometrists. The questionnaire was applied to measure temporal stability at two distinct times, with an interval of 15–20 days between the two applications: test (n = 110) and retest (n = 50). The presence of floor and ceiling effects were investigated by analyzing the frequency of responses of the questionnaire; convergent construct validity was tested through Spearman's correlation; the Mann–Whitney test was applied to discriminant construct validity. Temporal stability and internal consistency were evaluated through intraclass correlation coefficient and Cronbach's alpha, respectively.ResultsThe floor and ceiling effects were not observed (0.9% and 2.7%, respectively); convergent validity analysis indicated a positive and strong correlation (r = 0.50; p < .001). Significant discriminant construct validity (p < .05) was observed. Satisfactory internal consistency (α = 0.7) and temporal stability (ICC = 0.82, p < .001) were also achieved.ConclusionTDI‐Q proved to have good psychometric properties and to be a reliable tool for evaluating the knowledge of lay people regarding TDI in the Brazilian population.
A systematic review of factors prolonging or reducing the duration of untreated psychosis for people with psychosis in low‐ and middle‐income countries
Authors: Paquin‐Goulet Marianne , Krishnadas Rajeev , Beattie Louise 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimThis review aims to identify factors that may prolong or reduce the duration of untreated psychosis for people with psychosis in low‐ and middle‐income countries.MethodsElectronic searches of six databases were conducted, to find studies from low‐ and middle‐income countries on people with psychotic disorders provided they statistically measured an association between factors that may prolong or reduce the duration of untreated psychosis. Studies were critically appraised and a narrative synthesis exploring differences between and within studies is presented. A socio‐ecological model is used to convey the main findings.ResultsThirty studies of 16 473 participants in total were included in this review. Taken together participants were 51.5% male and 48.5% female. Various factors potentially associated with longer duration of untreated psychosis for people with psychosis in low‐ and middle‐income countries were found. Examples of these factors are an insidious mode of onset, greater family stigma and low social class. Other factors, such as marital status, educational level, diagnostic type, predominant symptoms and employment status, yielded inconsistent results.ConclusionsThe methodological quality of the included studies limits the conclusions of this review. The results indicate an urgent need for further high‐quality research in these countries. The socio‐ecological model is a helpful framework for clinicians, scholars, and decision‐makers to conceptualize factors that may affect the duration of untreated psychosis, highlight gaps in the literature as well as reflect on potential prevention strategies that may ultimately support early intervention services for people with psychosis in developing countries.
MDS/CMML from resource‐limited region: Characteristics and comparison to tertiary reference European center
Authors: Sevoyan Anna , Mekinian Arsène , Chermat Fatiha , Adès Lionel , Ivanyan A. , Fenaux Pierre , Hakobyan Yervand 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIntroductionMyelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) and Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia (CMML) are clonal myeloid malignancies, characterized by bone marrow failure leading to cytopenias (and possible myeloproliferation for CMML) and a high propensity to evolve to Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML).Objective and MethodsThe aim of our retrospective study was to evaluate the clinical and hematological features; the prevalence of MDS subtypes, R‐IPSS, and the outcome of 106 Armenian MDS/CMML patients diagnosed over the 2008–2020 period in a single Armenian Hematology center and compare them to French MDS patients included in the GFM registry.ResultsMedian age in the Armenian cohort was 64 years (range 19–84) and 55% were males. The main MDS subtypes were MDS‐MLD (29.2%) and MDS‐SLD (27.3%), the least frequent was del 5q (0.9%). By comparison, a higher prevalence of MDS‐MLD, MDS‐EB2, and MDS‐RS was found in the French cohort. Armenian patients’ cohort generally had poor access to standard MDS treatment and 42.3% of the patients were transfusion dependent. Overall survival, however, did not significantly differ between Armenian and French cohorts.ConclusionOur study stresses issues regarding epidemiology, access to diagnosis, difficulties of risk stratification, and access to treatment.
Niche types and community assembly
Authors: Davison John , Gerz Maret , Hiiesalu Inga , Moora Mari , Semchenko Marina , Zobel Martin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractStudies of niche differentiation and biodiversity often focus on a few niche dimensions due to the methodological challenge of describing hyperdimensional niche space. However, this may limit our understanding of community assembly processes. We used the full spectrum of realized niche types to study arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities: distinguishing abiotic and biotic, and condition and resource, axes. Estimates of differentiation in relation to different niche types were only moderately correlated. However, coexisting taxon niches were consistently less differentiated than expected, based on a regional null model, indicating the importance of habitat filtering at that scale. Nonetheless, resource niches were relatively more differentiated than condition niches, which is consistent with the effect of a resource niche‐based coexistence mechanism. Considering niche types, and in particular distinguishing resource and condition niches, provides a more complete understanding of community assembly, compared with studying individual niche axes or the full niche.
Treatment reduces the incidence of newly appearing multiple sclerosis lesions evolving into chronic active, slowly expanding lesions: A retrospective analysis
Authors: Calvi Alberto , Mendelsohn Zoe , Hamed Weaam , Chard Declan , Tur Carmen , Stutters Jon , MacManus David , Kanber Baris , Wheeler‐Kingshott Claudia A. M. Gandini , Barkhof Frederik , Prados Ferran 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeNewly appearing lesions in multiple sclerosis (MS) may evolve into chronically active, slowly expanding lesions (SELs), leading to sustained disability progression. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of newly appearing lesions developing into SELs, and their correlation to clinical evolution and treatment.MethodsA retrospective analysis of a fingolimod trial in primary progressive MS (PPMS; INFORMS, NCT 00731692) was undertaken. Data were available from 324 patients with magnetic resonance imaging scans up to 3 years after screening. New lesions at year 1 were identified with convolutional neural networks, and SELs obtained through a deformation‐based method. Clinical disability was assessed annually by Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), Nine‐Hole Peg Test, Timed 25‐Foot Walk, and Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test. Linear, logistic, and mixed‐effect models were used to assess the relationship between the Jacobian expansion in new lesions and SELs, disability scores, and treatment status.ResultsOne hundred seventy patients had ≥1 new lesions at year 1 and had a higher lesion count at screening compared to patients with no new lesions (median = 27 vs. 22, p = 0.007). Among the new lesions (median = 2 per patient), 37% evolved into definite or possible SELs. Higher SEL volume and count were associated with EDSS worsening and confirmed disability progression. Treated patients had lower volume and count of definite SELs (β = −0.04, 95% confidence interval [CI] = −0.07 to −0.01, p = 0.015; β = −0.36, 95% CI = −0.67 to −0.06, p = 0.019, respectively).ConclusionsIncident chronic active lesions are common in PPMS, and fingolimod treatment can reduce their number.
Added value of corpus callosotomy following vagus nerve stimulation in children with Lennox–Gastaut syndrome: A multicenter, multinational study
Authors: Roth Jonathan , Bergman Lottem , Weil Alexander G. , Brunette‐Clement Tristan , Weiner Howard L. , Treiber Jeffrey M. , Shofty Ben , Cukiert Arthur , Cukiert Cristine Mella , Tripathi Manjari , Sarat Chandra Poodipedi , Bollo Robert J. , Machado Hélio Rubens , Santos Marcelo Volpon , Gaillard William D. , Oluigbo Chima O. , Ibrahim George M. , Jallo George I. , Shimony Nir , O'Neill Brent R. , Budke Marcelo , Pérez‐Jiménez María Ángeles , Mangano Francesco T. , Iwasaki Masaki , Iijima Keiya , Gonzalez‐Martinez Jorge , Kawai Kensuke , Ishishita Yohei , Elbabaa Samer K. , Bello‐Espinosa Luis , Fallah Aria , Maniquis Cassia A. B. , Ben‐Zvi Ido , Tisdall Martin , Panigrahi Manas , Jayalakshmi Sita , Blount Jeffrey P. , Dorfmüller Georg , Bulteau Christine , Stone Scellig S. , Bolton Jeffrey , Singhal Ashutosh , Connolly Mary , Alsowat Daad , Alotaibi Faisal , Ragheb John , Uliel‐Sibony Shimrit 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveLennox–Gastaut syndrome (LGS) is a severe form of epileptic encephalopathy, presenting during the first years of life, and is very resistant to treatment. Once medical therapy has failed, palliative surgeries such as vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) or corpus callosotomy (CC) are considered. Although CC is more effective than VNS as the primary neurosurgical treatment for LGS‐associated drop attacks, there are limited data regarding the added value of CC following VNS. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of CC preceded by VNS.MethodsThis multinational, multicenter retrospective study focuses on LGS children who underwent CC before the age of 18 years, following prior VNS, which failed to achieve satisfactory seizure control. Collected data included epilepsy characteristics, surgical details, epilepsy outcomes, and complications. The primary outcome of this study was a 50% reduction in drop attacks.ResultsA total of 127 cases were reviewed (80 males). The median age at epilepsy onset was 6 months (interquartile range [IQR] = 3.12–22.75). The median age at VNS surgery was 7 years (IQR = 4–10), and CC was performed at a median age of 11 years (IQR = 8.76–15). The dominant seizure type was drop attacks (tonic or atonic) in 102 patients. Eighty‐six patients underwent a single‐stage complete CC, and 41 an anterior callosotomy. Ten patients who did not initially have a complete CC underwent a second surgery for completion of CC due to seizure persistence. Overall, there was at least a 50% reduction in drop attacks and other seizures in 83% and 60%, respectively. Permanent morbidity occurred in 1.5%, with no mortality.SignificanceCC is vital in seizure control in children with LGS in whom VNS has failed. Surgical risks are low. A complete CC has a tendency toward better effectiveness than anterior CC for some seizure types.
Conditional reciprocity in invertebrates is robust to disturbances
Authors: Lorenzi Maria Cristina , Laura Picchi , Claire Ricci‐Bonot , Elise Jeanne 
Published: October 2023

AbstractReciprocity, one of the evolutionary explanations for cooperation, evolves between individuals when helping is conditional upon receiving help in return (“A helps B because B helped A before”). Often tested in controlled laboratory conditions, its robustness to external disturbances has rarely been evaluated. Here, we investigated whether reciprocity is robust when disturbances occur in between the donation by one individual and its return by a partner. As model system, we used a simultaneously hermaphroditic polychaete worm (Ophryotrocha diadema), where partners in isolated dyads engage in iterated exchanges of eggs for sperm (eggs are a costly donation relatively to sperm). If a partner donates eggs and the other fertilizes them, the latter is likely to donate eggs a couple of days later. (Eggs and larvae are then cared by the parents which sit at the nest and only leave it for foraging.) We removed the eggs from the nests daily or weekly and found that reciprocity decisions were not substantially altered; focal worms were more likely to lay if the partner laid before. We also found that, irrespective of treatment, worms exchanged comparable number of eggs, and were stimulated to lay significantly sooner if the partners laid a second clutch before they reciprocated. These results show that reciprocity is robust to disturbances which may happen in the 2 days’ time gap between egg donation and egg reciprocation.
DNA methylation and transcriptome analysis reveal epigenomic differences among three macaque species
Authors: Wang Jiao , Liu Xuyuan , Lan Yue , Que Tengcheng , Li Jing , Yue Bisong , Fan Zhenxin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMacaques (genus Macaca) are the most widely distributed non‐human primates, and their evolutionary history, gene expression profiles, and genetic differences have been extensively studied. However, the DNA methylomes of macaque species are not available in public databases, which hampers understanding of epigenetic differences among macaque species. Epigenetic modifications can potentially affect development, physiology, behavior, and evolution. Here, we investigated the methylation patterns of the Tibetan macaque (M. thibetana; TM), Chinese rhesus macaque (M. mulatta lasiota; CR), and crab‐eating macaque (M. fascicularis; CE) through whole‐genome bisulfite sequencing from peripheral blood. We compared genome‐wide methylation site information for the three species. We identified 12,128 (CR vs. CE), 59,165 (CR vs. TM), and 39,751 (CE vs. TM) differentially methylated regions (DMRs) in the three macaques. Furthermore, we obtained the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) among the three macaque species. The differences between CR and CE were smaller at both the methylome and transcriptome levels than compared with TM (CR vs. TM and CE vs. TM). We also found a change in the density of single nucleotide mutations in DMRs relative to their flanking regions, indicating a potential mechanism through which genomic alterations may modulate methylation landscapes, thereby influencing the transcriptome. Functional enrichment analyses showed the DMR‐related genes were enriched in developmental processes and neurological functions, such as the growth hormone‐related pathway, insulin secretion pathway, thyroid hormone synthesis pathway, morphine addiction, and GABAergic synapses. These differences may be associated with variations in physiology and habitat among the macaques. Our study provides one of the first genome‐wide comparisons of genetic, gene expression, and epigenetic variations across different macaques. Our results should facilitate further research on comparative genomic and genetic differences in macaque species.
Loss of ARHGAP40 expression in basal cell carcinoma via CpG island hypermethylation
Authors: Yu Na , Yuan Bei , Cai Jian , Liu Jie , Zhang Wei , Bao Wei , Wang Jiandong 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBasal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common malignant tumour arising from the basal cells of the epidermis or follicular structures. The aetiology of BCC is a multifactorial combination of genotype, phenotype and environmental factors. The pathogenesis of BCC remains unclear, with diverse and complex signalling pathways involved. ARHGAP40 is a Rho GTPase‐activating protein (RhoGAP). Rho GTPases play a crucial role in the formation and progression of numerous cancers. The expression levels and roles of ARHGAP40 in BCC have not been explored. Here, ARHGAP40 expression was detected in a set of formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) samples of basal cell carcinoma, paracancerous normal skin and benign skin lesions. The epigenetic mechanism that downregulates ARHGAP40 in basal cell carcinoma was investigated. We found that ARHGAP40 is expressed in normal basal cells and most benign skin lesions but lost in most basal cell carcinomas. We detected CpG island hypermethylation at the promoter‐associated region of ARHGAP40. Our data suggest that ARHGAP40 is downregulated in BCC due to hypermethylation. ARHGAP40 protein is a potential novel biomarker for distinguishing trichoblastoma from BCC. This report is preliminary, and extensive research into the role of ARHGAP40 in BCC carcinogenesis and its potential as a treatment target is required in the future.
Cooperative resilience: Toward a heuristic model of collective action in a crisis
Authors: Mangan Anita , Ward Anne Marie 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis paper examines financial cooperatives (credit unions) in Ireland and their response to COVID‐19. The paper offers two contributions. The first is the Cooperative Resilience Framework, which highlights the importance of iterative, heuristic responses in building capabilities that enable routine‐based responses. These responses, in turn, avoid and absorb the effects of disruption in subsequent similar crises. The second contribution is empirical, demonstrating the how of resilience by offering a better understanding of how the credit unions’ collective actions created dynamic, agile responses that helped them to “bounce forward” after the crisis. Key themes identified include agility, strong social relationships, and decentralized decision‐making (empowerment).
Parents' marital satisfaction, self‐compassion, and harsh discipline in China: A dyadic analysis
Authors: Wang Die , Xie Ruibo , Yan Ru , Ding Wan , Lin Xiuyun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveUsing actor–partner interdependence modeling, this study examined the dyadic associations of marital satisfaction and harsh discipline and the mediating role of self‐compassion.BackgroundHarsh discipline is a negative parenting style commonly used by parents, especially Chinese parents. This parenting approach has been reported by some researchers as harmful and universal. It is important to identify the causes and internal mechanisms supporting use of harsh discipline.MethodParticipants were 349 Chinese father–mother dyads with school‐age children (Mage of father = 35.4 years, SDage = 5.4 years; Mage of mother = 34.4 years, SDage = 4.9 years). Father and mother self‐reported their marital satisfaction, self‐compassion, and use of harsh discipline at three time points.ResultsThe results revealed that fathers' and mothers' marital satisfaction negatively predicted the fathers' and mothers' harsh discipline, respectively. However, fathers' and mothers' marital satisfaction did not significantly predict the mothers' and fathers' harsh discipline. Second, we also found that mothers' marital satisfaction positively predicted fathers' and mothers' self‐compassion, while fathers' marital satisfaction did not significantly predict the fathers' and mothers' self‐compassion. Finally, fathers' self‐compassion played a mediating role in the relationship between mothers' marital satisfaction and fathers' harsh discipline.ConclusionParents' marital satisfaction promotes the development of self‐compassion and reduces the use of harsh discipline.ImplicationsEnhancing parents' marital satisfaction may play a role in reducing parents' use of harsh discipline. The researchers highlight the importance of mothers' marital satisfaction in improving mothers' and fathers' self‐compassion, which may be an effective measure to mitigate fathers' harsh discipline.
Concentration and condition of American lobster postlarvae in small‐scale convergences
Authors: Pineda Jesús , Tepolt Carolyn , Starczak Vicke , Alatalo Phil , Shapiro Sara 
Published: October 2023

AbstractInvertebrate larvae are often abundant in the surface ocean, which plays a key role in their dispersal and connectivity. Pelagic microhabitats characterized by small‐scale hydrographic variability are complex and ubiquitous in the coastal ocean, but their study is challenging, and they have been largely neglected in meroplankton ecology. Surface convergences, i.e., surface microhabitats featuring convergent horizontal currents, may aggregate the last larval stage of the American lobster and could provide shelter and food for Stage IV postlarvae and thus enhance their condition. We tested these hypotheses by conducting a series of cruises in the southwestern Gulf of Maine in summer 2021, sampling 15 paired sets of potential convergences and off‐convergence unstructured habitat. We measured postlarval abundance, surface hydrography, acoustic backscatter, and circulation. Experiments and image analysis compared condition, color, and morphology of postlarvae sampled inside and outside potential convergences. Potential convergences varied in near‐surface hydrographic patterns, with most displaying consistency among two transects and diverse patterns in salinity and temperature (e.g., across‐convergence gradients with equal or different signs). While the highest postlarval abundances were found in convergences, abundance patterns on and off convergences were not consistent, and another analysis indicated higher abundance in convergences than in a 7‐year untargeted surface ocean data set. Experiments indicated no survivorship differences among convergence and non‐convergence individuals at two temperatures, while image analyses revealed differences in color and size. Physical measurements and qualitative neuston community analyses indicated substantial heterogeneity among potential convergences. Our results reinforce that small‐scale heterogeneities are highly variable but important to the ecology of meroplankton, including the pelagic and neustonic habitats where lobster postlarvae are abundant.
Variations in the yield and moisture content of ears of forage corn varieties with different relative maturity
Authors: Akamatsu Yuki , Morita Soichiro , Sunaga Yoshihito , Kanno Tsutomu 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCorn production for concentrated feed is increasing in Japan, and cultivation techniques are necessary to obtain higher yields. To expand the corn production for concentrated feed in the Kanto region of Japan, corn varieties based on their earliness was evaluated. Changes in ear yield and moisture content were compared among 12 commercial varieties, which were divided into three groups based on their relative maturity (RM): extremely early (RM 95–100), early (RM 113–115) and medium (RM 125). The varieties were sown at three different times (late April, middle May and late May) for three cultivation years. Our experiment found that the ear dry weights of both early and medium groups were higher than that of the extremely early group. Ear moisture of the extremely early group decreased rapidly and reached 35% as a standard for harvesting time we defined, at 60 days after silking, while that of the early group reached 35% at 70 days after silking, and that of the medium group did not reach 35% during the experimental period. Late sowing decreased ear dry weight and delayed ear moisture decreasing. The extremely early group had the advantage of early harvesting at 60 days after silking, and the early group obtained a higher yield than the extremely early group at the harvesting at 70 days after silking. These results suggest that extremely early and early groups are suitable for corn production for concentrated feed in the Kanto region.