bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biofilm antimicrobial susceptibility testing: where are we and where could we be going?
Authors: Coenye Tom 
Published: October 2023

SUMMARY
Our knowledge about the fundamental aspects of biofilm biology, including the mechanisms behind the reduced antimicrobial susceptibility of biofilms, has increased drastically over the last decades. However, this knowledge has so far not been translated into major changes in clinical practice. While the biofilm concept is increasingly on the radar of clinical microbiologists, physicians, and healthcare professionals in general, the standardized tools to study biofilms in the clinical microbiology laboratory are still lacking; one area in which this is particularly obvious is that of antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST). It is generally accepted that the biofilm lifestyle has a tremendous impact on antibiotic susceptibility, yet AST is typically still carried out with planktonic cells. On top of that, the microenvironment at the site of infection is an important driver for microbial physiology and hence susceptibility; but this is poorly reflected in current AST methods. The goal of this review is to provide an overview of the state of the art concerning biofilm AST and highlight the knowledge gaps in this area. Subsequently, potential ways to improve biofilm-based AST will be discussed. Finally, bottlenecks currently preventing the use of biofilm AST in clinical practice, as well as the steps needed to get past these bottlenecks, will be discussed.
Shiftwork, long working hours and markers of inflammation in a national US population-based sample of employed black and white men and women aged ≥45 years
Authors: Velazquez-Kronen Raquel , MacDonald Leslie A , Akinyemiju Tomi F , Cushman Mary , Howard Virginia J 
Published: October 2023

ObjectivesWork schedule demands contribute to circadian disruption and may influence health via an inflammatory response. We examined the impact of shiftwork and long work hours on inflammation in a national US sample.MethodsParticipants included 12 487 employed black and white men and women aged ≥45 years enrolled in the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke Study who completed an occupational questionnaire (2011–2013) and clinical examination (2013–2016). Cross-sectional associations between shiftwork and work hours with log-transformed high-sensitivity C reactive protein (CRP) and white blood cell (WBC) count were examined by multiple linear regression analysis, overall and by race–sex subgroups.ResultsOverall, rotating shift workers had higher log-CRP concentration compared with day workers (β=0.09, 95% CI:0.02 to 0.16) and findings for WBC were null. Black women had the highest geometric mean CRP (2.82 mg/L), while white men had the highest WBC (6.35×109/L). White men who worked afternoons had higher log-CRP compared with those who worked days (β=0.20, 95% CI: 0.08 to 0.33). Black men engaged in shiftwork <10 years working ≥55 hours/week had higher log-CRP and log-WBC compared with those working days <55 hours/week (β=0.33, 95% CI: 0.02 to 0.64 and β=0.10, 95% CI: 0.003 to 0.19). Among shift workers, non-retired white women working forward and backward shift rotations had higher log-CRP compared with those working forward only (β=0.49, 95% CI: 0.02 to 0.96).ConclusionsShift workers had higher inflammatory markers compared with day workers and race–sex disparities should be examined further. These findings highlight a potential biological pathway linking work schedule demands and chronic disease.
Analysis of the strong vertices of $$\Sigma _{c}\Delta D^{*}$$ and $$\Sigma _{b}\Delta B^{*}$$ in QCD sum rules
Authors: Lu Jie , Yu Guo-Liang , Wang Zhi-Gang , Wu Bin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this work, we analyze the strong vertices $$\Sigma _{c}\Delta D^{*}$$

Σ
c

Δ

D

∗

and $$\Sigma _{b}\Delta B^{*}$$

Σ
b

Δ

B

∗

using the three-point QCD sum rules under the tensor structures $$i\epsilon ^{\rho \tau \alpha \beta }p_{\alpha }p_{\beta }$$

i

ϵ

ρ
τ
α
β

p
α

p
β

, $$p^{\rho }p'^{\tau }$$

p
ρ

p

′
τ

and $$p^{\rho }p^{\tau }$$

p
ρ

p
τ

. We firstly calculate the momentum dependent strong coupling constants $$g(Q^{2})$$

g
(

Q
2

)

by considering contributions of the perturbative part and the condensate terms $$\langle {\overline{q}}q\rangle $$

⟨

q
¯

q
⟩

, $$\langle g_{s}^{2}GG \rangle $$

⟨

g

s

2

G
G
⟩

, $$\langle {\overline{q}}g_{s}\sigma Gq\rangle $$

⟨

q
¯

g
s

σ
G
q
⟩

and $$\langle {\overline{q}}q\rangle ^{2}$$

⟨

q
¯

q
⟩

2

. By fitting these coupling constants into analytical functions and extrapolating them into time-like regions, we then obtain the on-shell values of strong coupling constants for these vertices. The results are $$g_{1\Sigma _{c}\Delta D^{*}}=5.13^{+0.39}_{-0.49}\,\hbox {GeV}^{-1}$$

g

1

Σ
c

Δ

D

∗

=
5
.

13

-
0.49

+
0.39

GeV

-
1

, $$g_{2\Sigma _{c}\Delta D^{*}}=-3.03^{+0.27}_{-0.35}\,\hbox {GeV}^{-2}$$

g

2

Σ
c

Δ

D

∗

=
-
3
.

03

-
0.35

+
0.27

GeV

-
2

, $$g_{3\Sigma _{c}\Delta D^{*}}=17.64^{+1.51}_{-1.95}\,\hbox {GeV}^{-2}$$

g

3

Σ
c

Δ

D

∗

=
17
.

64

-
1.95

+
1.51

GeV

-
2

, $$g_{1\Sigma _{b}\Delta B^{*}}=20.97^{+2.15}_{-2.39}\,\hbox {GeV}^{-1}$$

g

1

Σ
b

Δ

B

∗

=
20
.

97

-
2.39

+
2.15

GeV

-
1

, $$g_{2\Sigma _{b}\Delta B^{*}}=-11.42^{+1.17}_{-1.28}\,\hbox {GeV}^{-2}$$

g

2

Σ
b

Δ

B

∗

=
-
11
.

42

-
1.28

+
1.17

GeV

-
2

and $$g_{3\Sigma _{b}\Delta B^{*}}=24.87^{+2.57}_{-2.82}\,\hbox {GeV}^{-2}$$

g

3

Σ
b

Δ

B

∗

=
24
.

87

-
2.82

+
2.57

GeV

-
2

. These strong coupling constants are important parameters which can help us to understand the strong decay behaviors of hadrons.
Spontaneous symmetry breaking in the BFSS model: analytical results using the Gaussian expansion method
Authors: Brahma Suddhasattwa , Brandenberger Robert , Laliberte Samuel 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe apply the Gaussian expansion method to the BFSS matrix model in the high temperature limit. When the (Euclidean) BFSS action is expanded about a Gaussian ansatz, it is shown that the SO(9) symmetry is spontaneously broken, analogous to what happens in the IKKT model. The analysis of the free energy, using the set of gap equations which determines the width of the Gaussian terms, is sufficient to show that this symmetry breaking happens only when the fermionic terms are included and is absent in the bosonic case.
Implications of pressure anisotropy and complexity factor on the gravitational cracking phenomenon
Authors: Zubair M. , Azmat Hina , Jameel Hafsa 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this study, we are investigating the stability of some stellar configurations evolving under anisotropic environment, in the background of gravitational cracking. The models we consider pertain to anisotropic versions of Durgapal–Fuloria model, which are established using the gravitational decoupling framework and present diverse scenarios involving complexity factor. Our analysis delves into the impact of anisotropy on the occurrence of cracking, as well as the influence of the complexity factor, which was introduced by Herrera (Phys Rev D 97:044010, 2018). We thoroughly examine how variations in the decoupling parameter and the compactness of the source contribute to the behavior of the radial force. It is found that more compact objects are more prone to gravitational cracking.
Association Between Whole Blood–Derived Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number, Low‐Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol, and Cardiovascular Disease Risk
Authors: Liu Xue , Sun Xianbang , Zhang Yuankai , Jiang Wenqing , Lai Meng , Wiggins Kerri L. , Raffield Laura M. , Bielak Lawrence F. , Zhao Wei , Pitsillides Achilleas , Haessler Jeffrey , Zheng Yinan , Blackwell Thomas W. , Yao Jie , Guo Xiuqing , Qian Yong , Thyagarajan Bharat , Pankratz Nathan , Rich Stephen S. , Taylor Kent D. , Peyser Patricia A. , Heckbert Susan R. , Seshadri Sudha , Boerwinkle Eric , Grove Megan L. , Larson Nicholas B. , Smith Jennifer A. , Vasan Ramachandran S. , Fitzpatrick Annette L. , Fornage Myriam , Ding Jun , Carson April P. , Abecasis Goncalo , Dupuis Josée , Reiner Alexander , Kooperberg Charles , Hou Lifang , Psaty Bruce M. , Wilson James G. , Levy Daniel , Rotter Jerome I. , Bis Joshua C. ,   TOPMed mtDNA Working Group in NHLBI Trans‐Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) Consortium, Satizabal Claudia L. , Arking Dan E. , Liu Chunyu 
Published: October 2023

Background
The relationship between mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA CN) and cardiovascular disease remains elusive.

Methods and Results

We performed cross‐sectional and prospective association analyses of blood‐derived mtDNA CN and cardiovascular disease outcomes in 27 316 participants in 8 cohorts of multiple racial and ethnic groups with whole‐genome sequencing. We also performed Mendelian randomization to explore causal relationships of mtDNA CN with coronary heart disease (CHD) and cardiometabolic risk factors (obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia).
P
<0.01 was used for significance. We validated most of the previously reported associations between mtDNA CN and cardiovascular disease outcomes. For example, 1‐SD unit lower level of mtDNA CN was associated with 1.08 (95% CI, 1.04–1.12;
P
<0.001) times the hazard for developing incident CHD, adjusting for covariates. Mendelian randomization analyses showed no causal effect from a lower level of mtDNA CN to a higher CHD risk (β=0.091;
P
=0.11) or in the reverse direction (β=−0.012;
P
=0.076). Additional bidirectional Mendelian randomization analyses revealed that low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol had a causal effect on mtDNA CN (β=−0.084;
P
<0.001), but the reverse direction was not significant (
P
=0.059). No causal associations were observed between mtDNA CN and obesity, diabetes, and hypertension, in either direction. Multivariable Mendelian randomization analyses showed no causal effect of CHD on mtDNA CN, controlling for low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol level (
P
=0.52), whereas there was a strong direct causal effect of higher low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol on lower mtDNA CN, adjusting for CHD status (β=−0.092;
P
<0.001).

Conclusions
Our findings indicate that high low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol may underlie the complex relationships between mtDNA CN and vascular atherosclerosis.
Intensive Lipid‐Lowering Therapy as per the Latest Dyslipidemia Management Guideline in Predicting Favorable Long‐Term Clinical Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Tang Liang , Chen Hao , Hu Xin‐Qun , Fang Zhen‐Fei , Liao Xiao‐Bo , Zhou Xin‐Min , Yang Hui , Tu Tao , Zhu Zhao‐Wei , Zhou Sheng‐Hua , Liu Zhen‐Jiang 
Published: October 2023

Background
There are limited data on low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) goal achievement per the 2019 European Society of Cardiology/European Atherosclerosis Society dyslipidemia management guidelines and its impact on long‐term outcomes in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). We investigated the association between LDL‐C levels attained 1 year after CABG and the long‐term outcomes.

Methods and Results
A total of 2072 patients diagnosed with multivessel coronary artery disease and undergoing CABG between 2011 and 2020 were included. Patients were categorized by lipid levels at 1 year after CABG, and the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs) was evaluated. The goal of LDL‐C <1.40 mmol/L was attained in only 310 patients (14.9%). During a mean follow‐up of 4.2 years after the index 1‐year assessment, 25.0% of the patients experienced MACCEs. Multivariable‐adjusted hazard ratios (95% CIs) for MACCEs, cardiac death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, revascularization, and cardiac rehospitalization were 1.94 (1.41–2.67), 2.27 (1.29–3.99), 2.45 (1.55–3.88), 1.17 (0.63–2.21), 2.47 (1.31–4.66), and 1.87 (1.19–2.95), respectively, in patients with LDL‐C ≥2.60 mmol/L, compared with patients with LDL‐C <1.40 mmol/L. The LDL‐C levels at 1‐year post‐CABG were independently associated with long‐term MACCEs.

Conclusions
This retrospective analysis demonstrates that lipid goals are not attained in the vast majority of patients at 1 year after CABG, which is independently associated with the increased risk of long‐term MACCEs. Further prospective, multicenter studies are warranted to validate if intensive lipid management could improve the outcomes of patients undergoing CABG.
Diagnosis and Prognostic Value of the Underlying Cause of Acute Coronary Syndrome in Optical Coherence Tomography–Guided Emergency Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Kondo Seita , Mizukami Takuya , Kobayashi Nobuaki , Wakabayashi Kohei , Mori Hiroyoshi , Yamamoto Myong Hwa , Sambe Takehiko , Yasuhara Sakiko , Hibi Kiyoshi , Nanasato Mamoru , Sugiyama Tomoyo , Kakuta Tsunekazu , Kondo Takeshi , Mitomo Satoru , Nakamura Sunao , Takano Masamichi , Yonetsu Taishi , Ashikaga Takashi , Dohi Tomotaka , Yamamoto Hirosada , Kozuma Ken , Yamashita Jun , Yamaguchi Junichi , Ohira Hiroshi , Mitsumata Kaneto , Namiki Atsuo , Kimura Shigeki , Honye Junko , Kotoku Nozomi , Higuma Takumi , Natsumeda Makoto , Ikari Yuji , Sekimoto Teruo , Matsumoto Hidenari , Suzuki Hiroshi , Otake Hiromasa , Sugizaki Yoichiro , Isomura Naoei , Ochiai Masahiko , Suwa Satoru , Shinke Toshiro ,   TACTICS investigators
Published: October 2023

Background
The prognostic impact of optical coherence tomography–diagnosed culprit lesion morphology in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) has not been systematically examined in real‐world settings.

Methods and Results

This investigator‐initiated, prospective, multicenter, observational study was conducted at 22 Japanese hospitals to identify the prevalence of underlying ACS causes (plaque rupture [PR], plaque erosion [PE], and calcified nodules [CN]) and their impact on clinical outcomes. Patients with ACS diagnosed within 24 hours of symptom onset undergoing emergency percutaneous coronary intervention were enrolled. Optical coherence tomography–guided percutaneous coronary intervention recipients were assessed for underlying ACS causes and followed up for major adverse cardiac events (cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, heart failure, or ischemia‐driven revascularization) at 1 year. Of 1702 patients with ACS, 702 (40.7%) underwent optical coherence tomography–guided percutaneous coronary intervention for analysis. PR, PE, and CN prevalence was 59.1%, 25.6%, and 4.0%, respectively. One‐year major adverse cardiac events occurred most frequently in patients with CN (32.1%), followed by PR (12.4%) and PE (6.2%) (log‐rank
P
<0.0001), primarily driven by increased cardiovascular death (CN, 25.0%; PR, 0.7%; PE, 1.1%; log‐rank
P
<0.0001) and heart failure trend (CN, 7.1%; PR, 6.8%; PE, 2.2%; log‐rank
P
<0.075). On multivariate Cox regression analysis, the underlying ACS cause was associated with 1‐year major adverse cardiac events (CN [hazard ratio (HR), 4.49 [95% CI, 1.35–14.89],
P
=0.014]; PR (HR, 2.18 [95% CI, 1.05–4.53],
P
=0.036]; PE as reference).

Conclusions
Despite being the least common, CN was a clinically significant underlying ACS cause, associated with the highest future major adverse cardiac events risk, followed by PR and PE. Future studies should evaluate the possibility of ACS underlying cause‐based optical coherence tomography–guided optimization.
Changes in Physical Activity and Incidence of Nonfatal Cardiovascular Events in 47 153 Survivors of Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Lönn Amanda , Börjesson Mats , Hambraeus Kristina , Ekblom Örjan 
Published: October 2023

Background
The majority of patients survive the acute phase of myocardial infarction (MI) but have an increased risk of recurrent cardiovascular disease (CVD) events. To be regularly physically active or change activity level is associated with a lower risk of all‐cause mortality. The objective was to explore to what extent physical activity (PA) levels or change in PA levels during the first year post‐MI was associated with any recurrent nonfatal CVD events and specific CVD events (eg, MI, ischemic stroke, and vascular dementia).

Methods and Results

This cohort study among MI survivors was based on Swedish national registries between 2005 and 2020. PA levels were self‐rated at 2 and 12 months post‐MI, and patients were classified into remaining physically inactive, increasing, decreasing, or remaining active. A total of 6534 nonfatal CVD events occurred during 6 years of follow‐up among the 47 153 included patients. In fully adjusted analyses, the risk of any nonfatal CVD event was lower (
P
<0.05) among patients remaining active (37%), increasing (22%), or decreasing (18%) PA level compared with remaining inactive. Compared with remaining inactive, the risk of recurring MI and stroke was lower (
P
>0.05) among remaining active (41% versus 52%, respectively), increasing (20% versus 35%, respectively), or decreasing PA level (24% versus 34%, respectively). For vascular dementia, patients remaining physically active had an 80% lower risk compared with remaining inactive (
P
<0.05).

Conclusions
Remaining physically active or change in PA levels during the first year post‐MI was associated with a lower risk of recurrent nonfatal CVD events. This emphasizes the importance of supporting patients to continue to be or become physically active.
The Jews’ Hat in Medieval Ashkenaz: Formal Attire for Everyday Men?
Authors: Lehnertz Andreas , Schachter Hannah Teddy 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This article nuances the dominant historiographical narrative of the Jews’ hat as an allegedly pejorative iconographic marker of Jewish men in medieval Ashkenaz. Considering the perceptions and functions of the Jews’ hat, this article will offer new conclusions regarding if, when, and by whom it was worn. Drawing from a variety of sources in Hebrew, Latin, and vernacular languages, and on visual sources, the overall argument presented here is that the Jews’ hat was not everyday attire and that it was not likely owned by all Jewish men. Rather, featuring among the variety of hats Jewish men wore based on their socioeconomic or religious status in their communities from the thirteenth to fifteenth centuries, the Jews’ hat was a costume worn by those of more common status and on formal occasions when distinguishing oneself according to any urban group was required, such as during urban processions, oath-taking, public forms of punishment, or matters of civic administration.
The Epistemology of Difference: Caste and the Question of Natural Kinds in the Courts of Medieval India
Authors: Gurevitch Eric 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Philosophy mattered in medieval India, with philosophers serving as officials in the political landscape of the Paramāra and Cāḷukya states. And caste mattered for these philosophers. This article explores how three Jain philosophers writing in Sanskrit—Anantavīrya, Vādirāja and Prabhācandra—raised the question of how a convention created by humans could ultimately be considered real. These three epistemologists followed the Buddhist philosopher Dharmakīrti and his commentator Prajñākaragupta in critiquing the mimāṃsā position that took language and class categories to be eternal and unchanging. They took caste to be like language: a human product that is upheld by convention and history, but which has an immense impact in the world. They interrogated the possibility of cognizing a general class, and social class served as the foundation of their critiques. Turning to medieval disputes about the epistemology of caste provides an opportunity to revisit contemporary debates about the persistence of caste through changing evidentiary regimes in the colonial and post-colonial periods.
The Archaeology of Intermediation: Prolegomena on Mongol Elements in Later Byzantine Art and Material Culture
Authors: Vryzidis Nikolaos 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Later Byzantine (1261–1453) diplomacy was generally characterised by pragmatism, especially in the empire’s choice of allies that could foster its political stability and mitigate its financial burdens. Among its more distant allies were the different Mongol polities that stretched from Central Asia up to the Caucasus and Eastern Europe. Despite not being immediate neighbours, the relationship between Byzantium and the Mongols was marked by intermediation, both in terms of the actors that functioned across the two realms and of the service the one could provide to the interests of the other. Within this frame, the following article will attempt a preliminary assessment of the Mongol element in later Byzantine art and material culture, and its possible use as a secondary source on this complex relationship. It will argue that while the Mongol contribution to Byzantine art and material culture was visible especially during the fourteenth century, there are instances which reveal a certain ambivalence towards it.
Impacts of Dropsonde Observations on Forecasts of Atmospheric Rivers and Associated Precipitation in the NCEP GFS and ECMWF IFS Models
Authors: DeHaan Laurel L. , Wilson Anna M. , Kawzenuk Brian , Zheng Minghua , Monache Luca Delle , Wu Xingren , Lavers David A. , Ingleby Bruce , Tallapragada Vijay , Pappenberger Florian , Ralph F. Martin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Atmospheric River Reconnaissance has held field campaigns during cool seasons since 2016. These campaigns have provided thousands of dropsonde data profiles, which are assimilated into multiple global operational numerical weather prediction models. Data denial experiments, conducted by running a parallel set of forecasts that exclude the dropsonde information, allow testing of the impact of the dropsonde data on model analyses and the subsequent forecasts. Here, we investigate the differences in skill between the control forecasts (with dropsonde data assimilated) and denial forecasts (without dropsonde data assimilated) in terms of both precipitation and integrated vapor transport (IVT) at multiple thresholds. The differences are considered in the times and locations where there is a reasonable expectation of influence of an intensive observation period (IOP). Results for 2019 and 2020 from both the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) model and the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) global model show improvements with the added information from the dropsondes. In particular, significant improvements in the control forecast IVT generally occur in both models, especially at higher values. Significant improvements in the control forecast precipitation also generally occur in both models, but the improvements vary depending on the lead time and metrics used.

Significance Statement
Atmospheric River Reconnaissance is a program that uses targeted aircraft flights over the northeast Pacific to take measurements of meteorological fields. These data are then ingested into global weather models with the intent of improving the initial conditions and resulting forecasts along the U.S. West Coast. The impacts of these observations on two global numerical weather models were investigated to determine their influence on the forecasts. The integrated vapor transport, a measure of both wind and humidity, saw significant improvements in both models with the additional observations. Precipitation forecasts were also improved, but with differing results between the two models.