bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Azoramide ameliorates cadmium-induced cytotoxicity by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress and suppressing oxidative stress
Authors: Zhang Lingmin , Zhang Jianguo , Zhou Yingying , Xia Qingqing , Xie Jing , Zhu Bihong , Wang Yang , Yang Zaixing , Li Jie 
Published: January 2024

Background
Cadmium (Cd) is hazardous to human health because of its cytotoxicity and long biological half-life. Azoramide is a small molecular agent that targets the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and moderates the unfolded protein response. However, its role in Cd-induced cytotoxicity remains unclear. This study was performed to investigate the protective effect of azoramide against Cd-induced cytotoxicity and elucidate its underlying mechanisms.

Methods
Inductively coupled plasma‒mass spectrometry was used to measure Cd concentrations in each tissue of ICR male mice. The human proximal tubule epithelial cell line HK-2 and the human retinal pigment epithelial cell line ARPE-19 were used in the in vitro study. Cell apoptosis was determined by DAPI staining, JC-1 staining, and annexin V/propidium iodide double staining. Intracellular oxidative stress was detected by MitoSOX red staining, western blot, and quantitative real-time PCR. Moreover, ER stress signaling, MAPK cascades, and autophagy signaling were analyzed by western blot.

Results
The present data showed that Cd accumulated in various organs of ICR mice, and the concentrations of Cd in the studied organs, from high to low, were as follows: liver > kidney > testis > lung > spleen > eye. Our study demonstrated that azoramide inhibited ER stress by promoting BiP expression and suppressing the PERK-eIF2α-CHOP pathway. Additionally, we also found that azoramide significantly decreased ER stress-associated radical oxidative species production, attenuated p38 MAPK and JNK signaling, and inhibited autophagy, thus suppressing apoptosis in HK-2 and ARPE-19 cells.

Conclusion
Our study investigated the effect of azoramide on Cd-induced cytotoxicity and revealed that azoramide may be a therapeutic drug for Cd poisoning.
Skill Development Programs Concerning Backyard Poultry Farming in Arid Regions of Rajasthan, India
Authors: Kumar Upendra , Lal Shankar , Madan Lal  , Vinod Kumar Vinod Kumar 
Published: January 2024

This study aimed to evaluate the influence of skill development training programs on the promotion of backyard poultry farming practices in the arid regions of Rajasthan. Data were collected from 120 respondents through a meticulously designed interview schedule and questionnaire. The findings revealed a significant positive impact on various aspects of poultry farming. Notably, 99% of respondents demonstrated an uptake in the timely treatment of sick birds, while 98% adopted practices such as feed formulation at the household level, culling and selection, use of antibiotics, rearing of quality birds, and consulting veterinary doctors. Additionally, 97% of respondents incorporated feed supplements into their practices, and a similar percentage (97%) ensured appropriate feed provision based on the age of the birds. These results underscore the effectiveness of skill development training programs in enhancing the adoption of best practices in backyard poultry farming within the challenging arid environment of Rajasthan. The analysis of the collected data further revealed a consistent adoption index across various aspects of backyard poultry farming practices. Specifically, a noteworthy adoption rate of 92% was observed for the segregation of diseased birds, record-keeping, and de-beaking. However, a slightly lower adoption rate of 88% was noted for feed supplement usage.
The data indicated that the maximum gain in adoption was observed in the practice of consulting veterinary doctors, with an impressive rate of 85%. Following closely were the practices of segregating diseased birds (84%), feed formulation at the household level, and rearing of quality birds (82%). Additionally, high adoption rates were observed for record-keeping (81%) and feed supplement use (79%). Post-mortem examinations conducted by veterinary doctors on deceased birds also showed a substantial adoption rate of 77%. It is noteworthy that while the majority of practices demonstrated significant gains, culling exhibited a comparatively lower adoption rate of 53%. This suggests that there may be factors influencing the reluctance or challenges associated with the implementation of culling practices among the respondents.
Overall, the findings underscore the positive impact of the training programs on the farmers' knowledge enhancement and their familiarity with advanced poultry farming technologies. The consistent adoption across multiple practices highlights the effectiveness of the training in empowering farmers to incorporate improved techniques into their backyard poultry farming endeavors.
Aluminothermic Processes
Authors: Hall Fred W. 
Published: April 2004

Abstract
The article contains sections titled:

1.

Introduction

2.

Basic Metallurgy

2.1.

Basic Thermochemistry

2.2.

Fundamental Reactions

2.3.

Auxiliary Reactions

2.4.

Fluxes

2.5.

Formation of Intermetallic Compounds

2.6.

Thermochemistry in Practice

3.

Commercial Production

3.1.

Pot Design and Construction

3.2.

Charge and Charge Preparation

3.3.

Feeding

3.4.

Further Processing

3.5.

Safety Precautions

4.

Other Uses of Aluminothermic Processes

5.

Possible Further Developments
Diagnostic Reagents
Authors: Litchfield William J. , Richards James C. , Wehrly John A. , Pierson‐Perry James F. , Liteplo Maria P. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe article contains sections titled:1.Introduction1.1.Medical Significance1.2.Economic Significance1.3.Regulatory Controls1.4.Classifications of Diagnostic Reagents2.Reagents for General Clinical Chemistry2.1.STAT and Routine Testing2.2.Quantitation of Electrolytes2.3.General Chemistry Tests2.4.Quantitation of Serum Proteins and Enzymes2.5.Therapeutic Drug Monitoring2.6.Measurement of Hormones and Tumor Markers3.Immunodiagnostic Reagents3.1.Polyclonal and Monoclonal Antibodies3.2.Radioimmunodiagnostic Reagents3.2.1.Radioimmunoassays3.2.2.Radioisotopic Dilution Assays3.2.3.Immunoradiometric Assays3.3.Reagents for Nonisotopic Homogeneous Immunoassays3.3.1.Latex Agglutination3.3.2.Enzyme‐Tagged Immunoassays3.3.3.Fluorescence‐Based Immunoassays3.3.4.Fluorescence Polarization3.3.5.Liposome‐Based Immunoassays3.4.Reagents for Nonisotopic Heterogeneous Immunoassays3.4.1.Enzyme‐Linked Immunosorbent Assays3.4.2.Sandwich Immunoassays3.4.3.Affinity Column Mediated Immunoassays3.4.4.Avidin and Biotin4.Microbiologic Reagents4.1.Collection, Transport, Processing Devices, and Reagents4.2.Growth‐Dependent Microbial Reagents4.3.Immunodiagnostic Reagents in Clinical Microbiology4.4.Monoclonal Antibody and Nucleic Acid Assays5.Coagulation Diagnostic Reagents5.1.Introduction to Hemostasis5.2.Screening Tests5.3.Specific Analytes5.3.1.Coagulation Factors5.3.2.Fibrinolytic Pathway5.3.3.Activators5.3.4.Inhibitors5.4.Platelets5.5.Control of Anticoagulant Therapy5.5.1.Oral Anticoagulants5.5.2.Heparin6.Reagents for Nuclear Medicine6.1.Nuclear Imaging (Radioscintigraphy)6.2.Detection Devices6.3.Radionuclides6.3.1.Selection Criteria6.3.2.99mTc6.3.3.Other γ‐Emitters6.3.4.Positron Emitters6.4.Diagnostic Radiopharmaceuticals6.4.1.Heart Imaging6.4.2.Brain Imaging6.4.3.Bone Imaging6.4.4.Lung Imaging6.4.5.Hepatobiliary Imaging6.4.6.Reticuloendothelial System6.4.7.Renal Imaging6.4.8.Malignant and Inflammatory Regions6.5.Experimental Agents6.6.Quality Control6.7.Dosimetry
Disperse Dyes
Authors: Hamprecht Rainer , Westerkamp Aloys 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe article contains sections titled:1.Introduction2.Anthraquinone Dyes3.Azo Dyes3.1.Monoazo Dyes3.1.1.Aromatic Amines as Coupling Components3.1.2.Aromatic Hydroxy Compounds as Coupling Components3.1.3.Heterocyclic Compounds as Coupling Components3.1.4.Production of Monoazo Dyes3.2.Disazo Dyes4.Other Chromophores5.Production of Disperse Dyes6.Toxicology and Ecotoxicology7.Trade Names8.Economic Aspects
Epoxides
Authors: Sienel Guenter , Rieth Robert , Rowbottom Kenneth T. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe article contains sections titled:1.Introduction2.Reactions of Epoxides2.1.Reactions with Compounds Containing Ionizable Hydrogen2.2.Reactions with Nitrogen or Phosphorus Compounds2.3.Rearrangements2.4.Other Reactions3.Production of Epoxides3.1.Epoxidation with Percarboxylic Acids3.2.Epoxidation with Hydrogen Peroxide3.3.Epoxidation with Hydroperoxides3.4.Epoxidation with Halohydrins3.5.Epoxidation with Oxygen3.6.Epoxidation by Other Methods4.Industrially Important Epoxides4.1.Epichlorohydrin4.2.Other Important Monoepoxides4.3.Functional Epoxides4.4.Diepoxides4.5.Polyepoxides5.Analysis6.Economic Aspects7.Toxicology
Ethanolamines and Propanolamines
Authors: Frauenkron Matthias , Melder Johann‐Peter , Ruider Günther , Rossbacher Roland , Höke Hartmut 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe article contains sections titled:1.Introduction2.Ethanolamines2.1.Properties2.1.1.Physical Properties2.1.2.Chemical Properties2.2.Production2.3.Quality Specifications2.4.Uses2.5.Economic Aspects3.N‐Alkylated Ethanolamines3.1.Properties3.1.1.Physical Properties3.1.2.Chemical Properties3.2.Production3.3.Quality Specifications3.4.Uses and Economic Aspects4.Isopropanolamines4.1.Properties4.1.1.Physical Properties4.1.2.Chemical Properties4.2.Production4.3.Quality Specifications4.4.Uses5.N‐Alkylated Propanolamines and 3‐Alkoxypropylamines5.1.Properties5.1.1.Physical Properties5.1.2.Chemical Properties5.2.Production5.3.Quality Specifications5.4.Uses and Economic Aspects6.Storage and Transportation7.Environmental Protection8.Toxicology and Occupational Health8.1.General Aspects8.2.Ethanolamines8.3.N‐Alkyl‐ undN‐Arylethanolamines8.4.Propanolamines
Ethylene Glycol
Authors: Rebsdat Siegfried , Mayer Dieter 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe article contains sections titled:1.Introduction2.Physical Properties3.Chemical Properties4.Production4.1.Ethylene Oxide Hydrolysis4.1.1.Current Production Method4.1.2.Possible Developments4.2.Alternative Methods of Ethylene Glycol Production4.2.1.Direct Oxidation of Ethylene4.2.2.Synthesis from C1Units5.Environmental Protection and Ecology6.Quality Specifications and Analysis7.Storage and Transportation8.Derivatives8.1.Di‐, Tri‐, Tetra‐, and Polyethylene Glycols8.2.Ethers and Esters9.Uses10.Economic Aspects11.Toxicology and Occupational Health11.1.Ethylene Glycol11.2.Ethylene Glycol Derivatives
Fluorescent Dyes
Authors: Schwander Hansrudolf , Hendrix Paul 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe article contains sections titled:1.Introduction2.Naphthalimide Dyes3.Coumarin Dyes4.Xanthene Dyes5.Thioxanthene Dyes6.Naphtholactam Dyes7.Azlactone Dyes8.Methine Dyes9.Oxazine and Thiazine Dyes10.Miscellaneous Fluorescent Dyes11.Special Uses12.Daylight Fluorescent Pigments12.1.Production12.1.1.Dyes for Daylight FluorescentPigments12.1.2.Pigment Matrices12.2.Quality Specifications12.3.Uses12.4.Toxicology
Foods, 1. Survey
Authors: Shipe W. Frank , Olentine Charles G. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe article contains sections titled:1.Introduction2.History of Food Production and Preservation3.Components and Their Reactions3.1.Water3.2.Proteins3.3.Lipids3.4.Carbohydrates3.5.Mineral Components3.6.Vitamins3.7.Enzymes3.8.Miscellaneous Components3.8.1.Flavor Components3.8.2.Natural Pigments3.8.3.Undesirable or Potentially Undesirable Constituents4.Food Law5.Documentation6.Feeds6.1.Feed Definitions6.2.Feed Utilization by the Animal6.3.Feed Components6.4.Processing6.5.Chemical Analysis6.6.Quality Control6.7.Survey of Common Feeds6.8.Storage and Transportation6.9.Economic Aspects
Hydrazine
Authors: Schirmann Jean‐Pierre , Bourdauducq Paul 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe article contains sections titled:1.Introduction2.Physical Properties3.Chemical Properties4.Production4.1.Raschig Process4.2.Olin Raschig Process4.3.Urea Process4.4.Bayer Ketazine Process4.5.Fisons Process4.6.Peroxide Process5.Environmental Protection6.Quality Specifications7.Analysis8.Handling, Storage, and Transportation9.Uses10.Derivatives11.Economic Aspects12.Toxicology and Occupational Health
Hydrocarbons
Authors: Griesbaum Karl , Behr Arno , Biedenkapp Dieter , Voges Heinz‐Werner , Garbe Dorothea , Paetz Christian , Collin Gerd , Mayer Dieter , Höke Hartmut 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe article contains sections titled:1.Saturated Hydrocarbons1.1.Physical Properties1.2.Chemical Properties1.3.Production1.3.1.From Natural Gas and Petroleum1.3.2.From Coal and Coal‐Derived Products1.3.3.By Synthesis and by Conversion of other Hydrocarbons1.4.Uses1.5.Individual Saturated Hydrocarbons2.Olefins2.1.Monoolefins2.1.1.Properties2.1.2.Production of Higher Olefins2.1.2.1.Production from Paraffins2.1.2.2.Oligomerization of Lower Olefins2.1.3.Uses of Higher Olefins2.1.4.Economic Aspects of Higher Olefins2.2.Dienes and Polyenes2.2.1.Low Molecular Mass 1,3‐Dienes2.2.2.Synthesis of Dienes and Polyenes by Oligomerization2.2.3.Synthesis of Dienes and Polyenes by Metathesis3.Alkylbenzenes3.1.Trimethylbenzenes3.2.Tetramethylbenzenes3.3.Penta‐ and Hexamethylbenzene3.4.Diethylbenzenes3.5.Triethylbenzenes and more highly Ethylated Benzenes3.6.Ethylmethylbenzenes (Ethyltoluenes)3.7.Cumene3.8.Diisopropylbenzenes3.9.Cymenes; C4‐ and C5‐Alkylaromatic Compounds3.10.Monoalkylbenzenes with Alkyl Groups >C103.11.Diphenylmethane4.Biphenyls and Polyphenyls4.1.Biphenyl4.2.Terphenyls4.3.Polyphenyls5.Hydrocarbons from Coal Tar5.1.Acenaphthene5.2.Indene5.3.Fluorene5.4.Fluoranthene5.5.Phenanthrene5.6.Pyrene6.Toxicology and Occupational Health6.1.Alkanes6.2.Alkenes6.3.Alkylbenzenes6.4.Biphenyls and Polyphenyls6.5.Hydrocarbons from Coal Tar6.5.1.Biological Effects6.5.1.1.Carcinogenicity and Mutagenicity6.5.1.2.Mammalian Toxicity and Toxicokinetics6.5.1.3.Ecotoxicology6.5.2.Safety Regulations
Hydroquinone
Authors: Hudnall Phillip M. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe article contains sections titled:1.Introduction2.Physical Properties3.Chemical Properties4.Production4.1.Hydroperoxidation ofp‐Diisopropylbenzene4.2.Hydroxylation of Phenol4.3.Oxidation of Aniline4.4.Other Processes5.Environmental Protection6.Quality Specifications and Analysis7.Uses8.Toxicology and Occupational Health
Hydroxycarboxylic Acids, Aliphatic
Authors: Miltenberger Karlheinz 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe article contains sections titled:1.Introduction2.General Characteristics2.1.Physical Properties2.2.Chemical Properties3.Preparation4.Analysis5.Specific Aliphatic Hydroxycarboxylic Acids of Commercial Significance5.1.Glycolic Acid (Hydroxyacetic Acid, 2‐Hydroxyethanoic Acid)5.1.1.Preparation5.1.2.Uses5.1.3.Derivatives5.2.Hydroxypropionic Acids and β‐Propiolactone5.3.Hydroxybutyric Acids5.4.(R,S)‐Malic Acid [(R,S)‐Hydroxysuccinic Acid, (R,S)‐Hydroxybutanedioic Acid]6.Toxicology
Hypnotics
Authors: Wollweber Hartmund 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe article contains sections titled:1.Introduction1.1.Amino Acids and Hormones Influencing Sleep1.2.Influence of Hypnotics on Sleep1.3.Requirements of Hypnotics1.4.Applications of Hypnotics1.5.Consumption of Hypnotics1.6.Classification and Evaluation of Hypnotics2.Sedatives, Antihistamines, and Tranquilizers3.Alcohols and Aldehydes4.Urethanes, Acyclic Urea Derivatives, and Amides5.Cyclic Carboxamides, Carboximides, Cyclic Urea Derivatives, and Related Compounds5.1.Barbituric Acids5.2.Piperidinediones5.3.Quinazolinones5.4.Benzodiazepines6.Other Hypnotics
Ice Cream and Frozen Desserts
Authors: Keeney Philip G. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe article contains sections titled:1.Introduction2.Classification of Ice Cream Products3.Legal Aspects4.Economic Aspects5.Physical Structure6.Mix Composition6.1.Fats6.2.Nonfat Milk Solids6.3.Sweetener Solids6.4.Stabilizers and Emulsifiers7.Manufacture of Mix8.Freezing Mix to Produce Ice Cream8.1.Freezing as Mix Agitates8.2.Quiescent Hardening
Indium and Indium Compounds
Authors: Felix Noël 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe article contains sections titled:1.Introduction2.Properties3.Resources and Raw Materials4.Production4.1.Production from Zinc Circuits4.2.Production from Lead Circuits4.3.Production from Tin Circuits4.4.Other Production Developments4.5.Refining5.Quality Specifications6.Analysis7.Indium Compounds8.Uses9.Economic Aspects10.Toxicology and Occupational Health
Insulation, Electric
Authors: Kamm Adolf , Schüller Karl Heinz 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe article contains sections titled:1.Introduction2.Properties and Testing Methods2.1.Resistance to Tracking2.2.Volume Resistivity2.3.Surface Resistivity2.4.Relative Permittivity2.5.Dielectric Dissipation Factor2.6.Loss Index2.7.Breakdown Voltage2.8.Further Electrical Tests2.9.Mechanical and Thermal Properties3.Insulating Materials3.1.Inorganic Insulating Materials3.1.1.Insulating Materials Based on Natural Minerals3.1.1.1.Mica and Related Products3.1.1.2.Asbestos and Related Products3.1.2.Synthetic Inorganic Insulating Materials3.1.2.1.Porcelain3.1.2.2.Steatite3.1.2.3.Materials for Electrical Heat Engineering3.1.2.4.Alumina Ceramics3.1.2.5.Special Oxide Ceramics3.1.2.6.Insulating Materials Containing Titanium Oxide and Titanates3.1.2.7.Nonoxide Ceramics3.1.2.8.Glass3.2.Organic Insulating Materials3.2.1.Thermoplasts3.2.2.Thermosets3.2.3.Elastomers3.2.4.Polymer Processing3.3.Liquid Insulating Materials4.Selection of an Insulating Material
Isocyanates, Organic
Authors: Six Christian , Richter Frank 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe article contains sections titled:1.Introduction2.Physical Properties3.Chemical Properties4.Production4.1.Phosgenation of Free Amines4.2.Other Phosgenation Procedures4.3.Non‐Phosgene Processes5.Environmental Protection6.Quality Specifications and Analysis7.Storage and Transportation8.Uses9.Economic Aspects10.Toxicology and Occupational Health
Characteristics of juvenile sex offending against strangers: Findings from a non‐clinical study
Authors: Woodhams Jessica 
Published: April 2004

AbstractPrevious studies of the characteristics of juvenile sex offending have been restricted to clinical samples (with convicted offenders undergoing treatment or assessment), which have several inherent limitations. To overcome these limitations victim allegations made to the London Metropolitan Police, UK, in 2001, of sexual assault by juvenile stranger perpetrators were sampled. The study aimed to determine more accurately the alleged nature of sex offending by this type of juvenile offender (aged less than 18 years) and to determine what factors were associated with the most serious cases of this type of aggressive behaviour. The most common offence characteristics were identified, and relationships between suspect and offence/victim characteristics were statistically tested. Offence seriousness, as indicated by physical violence and the occurrence of penetration, was significantly associated with an assault by a team of offenders, a young victim, and older juvenile offenders. The potential for predicting offender characteristics from offence characteristics was examined. Estimated offender age was significantly predicted by the absence/presence of penetration. An older juvenile offender was predicted by a penetrative attack. Aggr. Behav. 30:243–253, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nanoparticle Synthesis in Engineered Organic Nanoscale Reactors
Authors: Shchukin D. G. , Sukhorukov G. B. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractIn this review, the recent achievements in the synthesis of inorganic nanomaterials inside the spatially confined volume of individual micro‐ and submicroreactors (emulsions, micelles, organized thin films, polyelectrolyte capsules, etc.) are presented. The advantages and shortcomings of each type of microreactor are discussed. Particular attention is paid to polyelectrolyte capsules as confined microreactors with controlled shell permeability and the possibility of shell engineering on the nanolevel, thus tailoring different functionalities. Nanomaterials synthesized inside a confined multifunctional microreactor have several advantages: i) absence of particle aggregates, ii) amorphous or metastable crystal phases, and iii) unique composite inorganic/inorganic and inorganic/organic structures.
Direct Reductive Amination versus Hydrogenation of Intermediates –A Comparison
Authors: Tararov Vitali I. , Kadyrov Renat , Riermeier Thomas H. , Fischer Christine , Börner Armin 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe direct reductive amination of acetophenone with benzylamine or piperidine was studied in comparison with the hydrogenation of possible intermediates like a corresponding imine or enamine. No common features in terms of productivity and stereocontrol (in the case of chiral catalysts) have been found for both processes. Hence evaluation of efficient, selective and enantioselective catalysts for direct reductive amination appears to be a separate task.
Developmental effects of von Hippel–Lindau gene deficiency
Authors: Vortmeyer Alexander O. , Yuan Quingyang , Lee Youn‐Soo , Zhuang Zhengping , Oldfield Edward H. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe histogenetic origin and the basis of the distribution of central nervous system (CNS) hemangioblastomas in the von Hippel–Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor gene syndrome, VHL disease, are unknown. To better understand hemangioblastoma histogenesis, we analyzed postmortem CNS tissues from four patients with well‐established diagnosis of VHL disease including development of characteristic tumors and positive family history. Numerous angiomesenchymal tumorlets, which resembled hemangioblastoma, but which also consistently showed distinct histological features, were distributed in the nerve roots, spinal cord, and cerebellum. Genetic analysis consistently showed deletion of the wild‐type VHL allele in these tumorlets. Most angiomesenchymal tumorlets were in the dorsal nerve roots; the anterior roots and cerebellum were less frequently affected. Tumorlet distribution was highly consistent in the four cases. In analogy to the wide morphological spectrum of lesions known to exist in VHL kidneys, nerve roots appear to harbor more wide‐spread and morphologically heterogeneous changes than previously appreciated. The abundance of tumorlets, associated with highly consistent morphology and topography, suggests a developmental origin of hemangioblastoma. Therefore, in VHL disease, inactivation of the VHL wild‐type allele appears necessary, but not sufficient, for the formation of tumor that produces symptoms and neurological disability.
Inhibition of nonsense‐mediated mRNA decay rescues the phenotype in Ullrich's disease
Authors: Usuki Fusako , Yamashita Akio , Higuchi Itsuro , Ohnishi Tetsuo , Shiraishi Tadafumi , Osame Mitsuhiro , Ohno Shigeo 
Published: April 2004

AbstractNonsense‐mediated mRNA decay (NMD) is an mRNA surveillance system that eliminates aberrant mRNAs containing premature translation termination codons (PTCs). We evaluated the role of NMD in of Ullrich's disease. The patient has a frameshift mutation with a PTC in the collagen VI α2 gene causing the loss of collagen VI and functional defects in extracellular matrix (ECM). The pharmacological block of NMD caused upregulation of the mutant collagen VI α2 subunit, resulting in collagen VI assembly and partially functional ECM formation. Our results suggest that NMD inhibitors can be used as a therapeutic tool to rescue some human genetic diseases exacerbated by NMD.
The role of human left superior parietal lobule in body part localization
Authors: Felician Olivier , Romaiguère Patricia , Anton Jean‐Luc , Nazarian Bruno , Roth Muriel , Poncet Michel , Roll Jean‐Pierre 
Published: April 2004

AbstractElectrophysiological data in primates suggest that the superior parietal lobule integrates the position of the limbs to construct complex representations of postures. Although in humans the neural basis of these mechanisms remains largely unknown, neuropsychological studies have implicated left superior parietal regions. We devised a simple functional magnetic resonance imaging paradigm aimed at exploring this hypothesis in healthy humans. Strong activation was obtained within the left but not the right superior parietal lobule, providing additional evidence that this structure may play a key role in body part localization processing.