bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New empirical relationships among magnitude, rupture length, rupture width, rupture area, and surface displacement
Authors: Wells Donald L. , Coppersmith Kevin J. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Source parameters for historical earthquakes worldwide are compiled to develop a series of empirical relationships among moment magnitude (M), surface rupture length, subsurface rupture length, downdip rupture width, rupture area, and maximum and average displacement per event. The resulting data base is a significant update of previous compilations and includes the additional source parameters of seismic moment, moment magnitude, subsurface rupture length, downdip rupture width, and average surface displacement. Each source parameter is classified as reliable or unreliable, based on our evaluation of the accuracy of individual values. Only the reliable source parameters are used in the final analyses. In comparing source parameters, we note the following trends: (1) Generally, the length of rupture at the surface is equal to 75% of the subsurface rupture length; however, the ratio of surface rupture length to subsurface rupture length increases with magnitude; (2) the average surface displacement per event is about one-half the maximum surface displacement per event; and (3) the average subsurface displacement on the fault plane is less than the maximum surface displacement but more than the average surface displacement. Thus, for most earthquakes in this data base, slip on the fault plane at seismogenic depths is manifested by similar displacements at the surface. Log-linear regressions between earthquake magnitude and surface rupture length, subsurface rupture length, and rupture area are especially well correlated, showing standard deviations of 0.25 to 0.35 magnitude units. Most relationships are not statistically different (at a 95% significance level) as a function of the style of faulting: thus, we consider the regressions for all slip types to be appropriate for most applications. Regressions between magnitude and displacement, magnitude and rupture width, and between displacement and rupture length are less well correlated and have larger standard deviation than regressions between magnitude and length or area. The large number of data points in most of these regressions and their statistical stability suggest that they are unlikely to change significantly in response to additional data. Separating the data according to extensional and compressional tectonic environments neither provides statistically different results nor improves the statistical significance of the regressions. Regressions for cases in which earthquake magnitude is either the independent or the dependent parameter can be used to estimate maximum earthquake magnitudes both for surface faults and for subsurface seismic sources such as blind faults, and to estimate the expected surface displacement along a fault for a given size earthquake.
The efficacy of administration of prazosin in reducing the risk of recurrent urethral obstruction in male cats
Authors: Hearne Rebecca 
Published: November 2023

PICO Question
In male cats presenting with urethral obstruction, does administration of prazosin compared with no administration of prazosin reduce the incidence of recurrent urethral obstruction within the first month of initial presentation?

Clinical bottom line
Category of research
Treatment.

Number and type of study designs reviewed
A total of three studies were included in this appraisal. Two of which were prospective double-blind clinical studies and one retrospective study.

Strength of evidence
Weak.

Outcomes reported
Both double-blind studies found no significant difference between prazosin administration and the development of recurrent urethral obstruction (rUO) when compared with a placebo. Both studies, however, did report that cats had a shorter urinary catheterisation time with prazosin administration. The retrospective study found no association between prazosin administration and the risk of rUO and found that after 14 days post discharge, significantly more 73/302 (24%) cats that received prazosin had experienced rUO compared to 11/86 (13%) of cats that did not. One study found side effects to the administration of prazosin which may be detrimental to the overall recovery.

Conclusion
Administration of prazosin does not reduce the risk of rUO within 30 days of presentation. However, the strength of evidence is weak and would benefit from further clinical studies.

How to apply this evidence in practice
The application of evidence into practice should take into account multiple factors, not limited to: individual clinical expertise, patient’s circumstances and owners’ values, country, location or clinic where you work, the individual case in front of you, the availability of therapies and resources.
Knowledge Summaries are a resource to help reinforce or inform decision making. They do not override the responsibility or judgement of the practitioner to do what is best for the animal in their care.
STUDY OF THE GRAVITY EFFECTS OF FERMION AND BOSON PARTICLES IN CURVED SPACETIME
Authors: Pambudi Dian Eko , Romadani Arista 
Published: November 2023

The types of particles used in this research are Fermion particles and Boson particles. So to describe the movement of Fermion and Boson particles, the Dirac equation and Klein-Gordon equation are used. These two equations combine relativity and quantum principles. In this research, we will replace flat spacetime in the Dirac equation and Klein-Gordon equation with Kerr spacetime. Kerr spacetime describes the effects of gravity on Fermino and Boson particles. To determine the effect of gravity, a neutron interferometer is used through the principle of phase shift. The Hamiltonian value will be obtained. In the Dirac equation, the effect of gravity only appears on the Hamiltonian . The phase shift values are dan . In the Klein-Gordon equation, the effect of gravity only appears on the Hamiltonian . The phase shift value is . The Dirac equation contains more Hamiltonian terms that are not found in the Klein-Gordon equation. The more Hamiltonian terms, the more confounding Hamiltonian is in it. Confounding Hamiltonian will appear when the calculation involves the quantum part. From the calculation results, it is found that the Dirac equation has better accuracy than the Klein-Gordon equation when viewed from the calculation results of each phase shift.
L’Autonomisation Economique des Femmes dans un Contexte d’Innovation Sociale
Authors: Naima Ennamer 
Published: November 2023

Ce papier fait partie d’un essai sur l’économie sociale et solidaire, se penchant sur l’étude du concept d’autonomisation économique des femmes dans le contexte de l’innovation sociale, tout en mettant l’accent sur les spécificités théoriques, les enjeux et les contraintes qui en découlent. Partant d’un constat en vertu duquel l’innovation sociale peut contribuer au renforcement des activités génératrices de revenus et plus particulièrement à la promotion de l’autonomisation économique des femmes, nous cherchons à mettre en exergue les principales acceptions théoriques retenues dans ce sens ainsi que les travaux ayant décelés les relations de causalité potentiellement existantes entre les deux concepts. Dans la même veine, nous avons contextualisé la problématique de contribution de l’innovation sociale à l’autonomisation économique des femmes par rapport aux travaux de recherche menés aussi bien au Maroc que dans les centrées voisines. Les résultats obtenus à cet égard nous confirment que ces deux concepts sont étroitement liés. De plus, l’innovation sociale contribue d’une manière significative à la promotion de l’autonomisation des femmes. D’où l’intérêt de dresser un modèle conceptuel susceptible de fournir une voie de recherche fondée théoriquement et vérifiable empiriquement.

This paper is part of a study in social and solidarity economy, aiming to explore the concept of women’s economic empowerment in the context of social innovation, while emphasizing the theoretical specifics, challenges, and constraints that arise from it. Starting from the observation that social innovation can contribute to strengthening income-generating activities, especially in promoting women’s economic empowerment, we seek to highlight the main theoretical frameworks in this regard, as well as the studies that have identified potentially existing causal relationships between the two concepts. In the same vein, we have contextualized the issue of social innovation’s contribution to women’s economic empowerment in relation to research conducted both in Morocco and in neighboring regions. The results obtained in this regard confirm that these two concepts are closely linked. Furthermore, social innovation significantly contributes to promoting women’s empowerment. Hence, the importance of developing a conceptual model capable of providing a theoretically grounded and empirically verifiable research path.
Influence du Type de Solvant et du Ratio Echantillon/Solvant sur les Propriétés Moussantes des Poudres des Racines de Manioc Manihot Esculenta (Crantz) cv Bonoua 2
Authors: Tanoh Somala Tatiana , N’gbo Martin Luthère King , Disseka William Kwithony , Kouamé Lucien Patrice 
Published: November 2023

La capacité moussante et la stabilité de la mousse sont des propriétés fonctionnelles qui déterminent l'utilisation finale d’un aliment. Ces propriétés sont le plus souvent associées aux facteurs intrinsèques des protéines tels que la structure moléculaire et la taille. En revanche, les paramètres physiques extrinsèques sont peu éudiés malgré leur impact significatif sur la qualité technologique d’un produit. Ainsi, l’objectif de ce travail est d’évaluer l’influence de la granulométrie, du type de solvant aqueux, et de la concentration de poudre sur la capacité moussante et la stabilité de la mousse des poudres des racines tubéreuses du manioc Manihot esculenta (Crantz) cv Bonoua 2. Pour y parvenir, la capacité moussante et la stabilité de la mousse d’échantillons de manioc à différentes granulométries ont été déterminées dans deux types de solvants aqueux (eau distillée et eau de robinet ) et à différents ratios. Il ressort que la qualité du solvant aqueux influence la capacité moussante et la stabilité de la mousse des différentes poudres de racines tubéreuses de manioc. La taille des particules des poudres de racines de manioc influence également les capacités moussantes. Au terme de cette étude, nous pouvons noter que les facteurs extrinsèques influencent effectivement les propriétés de la poudre de manioc. Ainsi, ces facteurs doivent etre pris en compte pour une eventuelle application de ces poudres en industrie agroalimentaire.

Foaming capacity and foam stability are functional properties that determine the final use of a food. These properties are most often associated with induced factors of proteins such as molecular structure and size. On the other hand, extrinsic physical parameters are little studied despite their significant impact on the technological quality of a product. Thus, the objective of this work is to evaluate the influence of the particle size, the type of aqueous solvent, and the powder concentration on the foaming capacity and the foam stability of powders from the tuberous roots of Manihot esculenta cassava. (Crantz) cv Bonoua 2. To achieve this, the foaming capacity and foam stability of cassava samples at different particle sizes were determined in two types of aqueous solvents (distilled water and tap water) and at different ratios. It appears that the quality of the aqueous solvent influences the foaming capacity and foam stability of different cassava tuberous root powders. Also, the particle size of cassava roots influences foaming capabilities. At the end of this study, we can note that extrinsic factors actually influence the properties of cassava powder. Thus, these factors must be taken into account for a possible application of these powders in the food industry.
Determination Of Total Flavonoid Content Of Yellow Wood (Arcangelisia Flava (L.) Merr) Extract And Antibacterial Activity Against Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Yuza Maryanti , Ridwanto Ridwanto , Rani Zulmai 
Published: November 2023

Yellow wood (Arcangelisia flava) is a medicinal plant that has received little attention. Merr and (L.). Yellow wood has antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-hyperlipidemic, and anti-cancer properties. Furthermore, yellow wood is known to contain a range of flavonoid compounds, such as hydroxylarcangelicin, which has broad antibacterial activity. The purpose of this research is to investigate the total flavonoid content of yellowwood extract as well as its antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. The manufacturing of methanol extract, characterization of simplisia, phytochemical screening, and determination of the total flavonoid levels of the yellow wood methanol extract by a visible spectroscopic approach were all part of this stage of research. Next, use chloramphenicol as a positive control and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as a negative control to test antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. The results of this study can be concluded to show that the total flavonoid levels in the methanol extract of yellow wood at a metanol concentration of 80% were 228,314 ± 5,4171 mg QE/g. At a 90% concentration of 245.993 ± 6.7626 mg QE/g and a 100% concentration of 265.953 3.0853 mg QE/g.
Keywords: Yellow wood; Flavonoids; Spektrofotometri Visible; Stphylococcus aureus;
The Third Way: How BKV Turned to ‘Hybrid’ Refracs in the Barnett Shale
Authors: Jacobs Trent 
Published: November 2023

While refracturing has maintained a backseat role in the US shale sector, with capital overwhelmingly flowing toward new well programs, there’s been a notable exception brewing in the Barnett Shale.
Last year, from within the asset that holds the very well that ignited the shale revolution, gas producer BKV Corp. announced that it had become the top refracturing operator in the US. From November 2020 through February of this year, covering a span of just 28 months, the Barnett Shale operator completed an eye‑opening 369 Barnett refracs.
The breath of life BKV pumped down those north Texas wells was enough to temporarily arrest the decline rate of the most mature of all shale plays. BKV reports that the Barnett refrac program has generated 371 Bcf/e of newly proved reserves with a finding and development cost of $0.79/Mcf/e.
But putting these figures aside, what else stands out about the campaign is how it was done.
To rejuvenate many of the vintage wellbores, the Denver‑based operator, a subsidiary of a Thailand‑based energy conglomerate, said it developed an innovative approach called the “hybrid expandable liner system.”
“It is very simply a combination of both bullhead and liner methods where we attempt to minimize the downsides and maximize the positives of both,” Kevin Eichinger, a senior completions engineer for BKV, explained at a recent SPE gathering in Houston.
The concept involves installing as little as a few hundred feet of expandable steel patches over a well’s original heel‑side perforations to allow for several new plug‑ and‑perforation stages. The toe‑end of the wellbore is left unlined but new perforations can be added before it is stimulated using a bullhead treatment.
Eichinger, who leads the operator’s refrac candidate selection and job design efforts, described the end result as “liner‑like performance without the cost of a full liner.”
The completions engineer outlined these and other details while presenting a technical paper he recently coauthored. The subject of a number of industry meetings since it was first published in June, URTeC 3855094 discusses BKV’s inaugural hybrid refracturing trial that achieved twice the average output of neighboring bullhead refracs while also besting legacy liner refrac performance achieved from operated legacy wells.
The success of this first attempt paved the way for hundreds of subsequent jobs in the Barnett where the company operates or holds interest in more than 6,900 wells across 460,000 gross acres.
More on BKV’s hybrid refracs follows, but worth noting is that the firm is in the midst
of a “quiet period” pending the outcome of a potential move to become a publicly traded company in the US and has refrained from issuing updates about the current state of its operations in either the Barnett or the Marcellus Shale in Pennsylvania.
USIO as an imaging nanoenzyme loaded autologous exosomes for targeted imaging and chemotherapy promotion of pancreatic cancer
Authors: Jin Lufei , Chen Chunqu , Wang Linwei , Xu Kaiwei , Xu Liu , Zhu Lubin , Zhou Wei jian weijian , Ni Jiajing , Wu Ruoyu , Zhu Yuchao , Wang Jianhua 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the extremely poor prognosis of malignant tumors of the digestive tract, its presence in lack of blood for imaging, chemotherapy resistance caused by hypoxia and other treatment difficulties. This paper investigates a targeted exosomal delivery strategy to construct a nanoprobe Exo-USIO by loading ultra small iron oxide nanoparticles (USIO NPs) into homologous cell-derived exosomes. In vitro cell experiments showed that the nanoprobes had a strong homing ability and could improve the efficiency of USIO NPs into tumor cells; USIO NPs exert enzyme-like activity to catalyze the production of O2 from endogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), improve cell hypoxia, and enhance the sensitivity of cells to gemcitabine (GEM). In tumor-bearing mice, the nanoprobe Exo-USIO showed the ability to target imaging tumors and overcome tumor hypoxia in a nearly non-toxic manner, effectively promoting the therapeutic effect of GEM. Homologous cell-derived exosomes are effective carriers for targeted delivery of USIO NPs to pancreatic cancer, and this delivery strategy may play a guiding role in the precise diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer.
Numerical Investigation of Dam Stability in the Presence of Fissured Materials with Varying Angles
Authors: TALEB Hosni Abderrahmane , Guemidi Ismahene , Charrak Hicham 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Dams are essential infrastructure for water storage and supply, and their safety is paramount. Fissured soil is a common engineering challenge in dam construction, as it can lead to instability and failure. This paper presents a numerical investigation of the effects of fissured soil on dam stability using the finite element method (FEM) software OPTUMG2. A 2D plane strain model of a dam was created and analyzed for different angles of fissured material. The first angle, α1, varied from 0° to 90° in 15° increments, while the second angle, α2, varied from 95° to 180° in 15° increments, additionally, we explore the combined effects of these angles (α1 with α2) to comprehensively assess the impact of fissured material on dam stability. The results showed that the orientation of the fissured planes has a significant impact on dam stability. The factor of safety, slope surfaces, displacements, and deformations all varied depending on the orientation of the fissured material. In general, dams with fissured planes oriented at angles closer to the vertical were more stable than dams with fissured planes oriented at angles closer to the horizontal. This study provides valuable insights into the effects of fissured soil on dam stability. The results can be used to develop better design and construction practices for dams in fissured soil areas.
Nanosecond Laser Cataract Surgery with Soft-Shell technique: Effect on Endothelial Cell Loss
Authors: Blomberg Lutz , Wübbolt Imke , Awe-Krüger Marita , Al-Akhrash Youssef , Knabe Martin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The primary aim was to compare endothelial cell loss following NanoLaser cataract surgery with and without the integration of the Soft-Shell technique.
Methods
Digital records of eyes with LOCS III grade 2 or 3 cataracts that underwent uncomplicated surgery for removal without post-operative complications or secondary procedures at Hildesheim-Alfeld-Bockenem Eye Center (Hildesheim, Germany) were included in the quality control single-center two surgeon non-randomized retrospective cross-sectional study. Inclusion criteria included one baseline and at least one follow-up automated non-contact specular microscopy for endothelial cell density, rate of polymegethism represented by coefficient of variance, and pachymetry. Surgical procedures were performed by two surgeons using a standardized bimanual cataract extraction procedure without intraocular antibiotics, with one also integrating the Soft-Shell technique.
Results
Fifty-five eyes of 36 patients were enrolled. Comparison of laser energy required to complete surgery for the two groups did not yield statistically significant differences. Differences in the modification of endothelial cell density, coefficient of variance and central corneal thickness during the follow-up period between the two groups were not statistically significant. The number of cells lost due to surgery was calculated by using linear regression analysis, showing that NanoLaser + Soft-Shell procedure induced a cell loss of -46 ± 88 cells and the NanoLaser procedure 155 ± 87 cells (p = .002).
Conclusions
NanoLaser cataract surgery used less energy and did not require intraocular antibiotics (all single-use instruments) thus reducing endothelial cell loss. With the addition of the Soft-Shell technique this sparing was even greater.
The Role of Emotional Appeal in Water Conservation Communication: A Framework for Social Media Engagement
Authors: Bakar Mohammad Fahmi Abu , Wu Wenyan , Proverbs David , Mavritsaki Eirini 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Amidst the growing concern about water scarcity in today’s world, the emergence of social media stands as a pivotal opportunity. This digital phenomenon provides a powerful platform to raise awareness and transform the behaviours of water consumers. While previous research has emphasised the importance of informative messaging in environmental communication, the potential impact of emotional appeal remains understudied. This research aims to fill this gap by proposing a comprehensive framework that integrates the role of emotional appeal, which can be evoked through video creativity and multimedia effects. Drawing upon the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and the Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM), the proposed framework highlights the interplay between cognitive and affective factors in influencing individuals’ attitudes, intentions, and behaviours toward water conservation. To empirically examine the proposed framework, Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was conducted on a dataset consisting of 433 responses. The analysis revealed that the integration of emotional appeal, elicited through creativity, positively influenced individuals’ attitudes toward water conservation. Overall, the implications are significant for addressing shortcomings in current marketing campaigns and changing the behaviour of water consumers. Water companies and other stakeholders are encouraged to develop social media communication strategies that appeal to emotions and foster empathy to promote sustainable water behaviours among water consumers.