bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drug induced proteome changes in Candida albicans: Comparison of the effect of β(1,3) glucan synthase inhibitors and two triazoles, fluconazole and itraconazole
Authors: Bruneau Jean‐Michel , Maillet Isabelle , Tagat Eric , Legrand Raymond , Supatto Françoise , Fudali Claude , Caer Jean‐Pierre Le , Labas Valérie , Lecaque Dominique , Hodgson John 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe dimorphic fungus Candida albicans is an opportunistic human pathogen. Candidiasis is usually treated with azole antifungal agents. However clinical treatments may fail due to the appearance of resistance to this class of antifungal agents in Candida. Echinocandin derivatives are an alternative for the treatment of these fungal infections and are active against azole resistant isolates of C. albicans. Azoles inhibit the lanosterol 14 α demethylase which is a key enzyme in the synthesis of ergosterol. In contrast, the echinocandin class of antibiotics inhibit noncompetitively β‐(1,3)‐D‐glucan synthesis in vitro. We have investigated the impact of mulundocandin on the proteome of C. albicans and compared it to those of a mulundocandin derivative, as well as to two azoles of different structure, fluconazole and itraconazole. The changes in gene expression underlying the antifungal responses were analyzed by comparative 2‐D PAGE. Dose dependant responses were kinetically studied on C. albicans grown at 25°C (yeast form) in synthetic dextrose medium. This study shows that antifungals with a common mechanism of action lead to comparable effects at the proteome level and that a proteomics approach can be used to distinguish different antifungals, with the promise to become a useful tool to study drugs of unknown mechanism of action.
Functionalizing the interior of dendrimers: Synthetic challenges and applications
Authors: Hecht Stefan 
Published: March 2003

AbstractChemists' fascination with dendrimers mainly originates from their unique architecture and its exploitation for the design of well‐defined functional macromolecules. Depending on the nature of the synthesis, functionalization is traditionally introduced at the core, the periphery, or both. However, the specific incorporation of functional groups at the interior layers, i.e., generations, represents a considerable synthetic hurdle that must be overcome for the full potential of dendrimers to be realized. This review covers recent advances in this emerging frontier of dendrimer science with a particular focus on covalent modifications. Monomer design, syntheses, and properties of various dendritic backbone types are discussed. Internal functionalization dramatically increases the degree of complexity that can be implemented into a dendrimer macromolecule and, therefore, promises to lead to smart materials for future applications in bio‐ and nanotechnologies. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 41: 1047–1058, 2003
Poly(ester anhydride)s prepared by the insertion of ricinoleic acid into poly(sebacic acid)
Authors: Krasko Michal Y. , Shikanov Ariella , Ezra Aviva , Domb Abraham J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractNew degradable poly(ester anhydride)s were prepared by the melt polycondensation of diacid oligomers of poly(sebacic acid) (PSA) transesterified with ricinoleic acid. The transesterification of PSA with ricinoleic acid to form oligomers was conducted via a melt bulk reaction between a high molecular weight PSA and ricinoleic acid. A systematic study on the synthesis, characterization, degradation in vitro, drug release, and stability of these polymers was performed. Polymers with weight‐average molecular weights of 2000–60,000 and melting temperatures of 24–77 °C were obtained for PSA containing 20–90% (w/w) ricinoleic acid. NMR and IR analyses indicated the formation of ester bonds along the polyanhydride backbone. These new degradable copolymers have potential use as drug carriers. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 41: 1059–1069, 2003
Synthesis of branched polypropylene with isotactic backbone and atactic side chains by binary iron and zirconium single‐site catalysts
Authors: Ye Zhibin , Zhu Shiping 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThis article reports the use of a binary single‐site catalyst system for synthesizing comb‐branched polypropylene samples having isotactic polypropylene (iPP) backbones and atactic polypropylene (aPP) side chains from propylene feedstock. This catalyst system consisted of the bisiminepyridine iron catalyst {[2‐ArNC(Me)]2C5H3N}FeCl2 [Ar = 2,6‐C6H3(Me)2] (1) and the zirconocene catalyst rac‐Me2Si(2‐MeBenz[e]Ind)2ZrCl2 (2). The former in situ generated 1‐propenyl‐ended aPP macromonomer, whereas the latter incorporated the macromonomer into the copolymer. The effects of reaction conditions, such as the catalyst addition procedure and the ratio of 1/2 on the branching frequency, were examined. Copolymer samples having a branching density up to 8.6 aPP side chains per 1000 iPP monomer units were obtained. The branched copolymers were characterized by 13C NMR and differential scanning calorimetry. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 41: 1152–1159, 2003
Novel approach to the chemical modification of poly(vinyl alcohol): Phosphorylation
Authors: Liu Ying‐Ling , Chiu Yie‐Chan 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe chemical modification of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) was performed through oxidation followed by nucleophilic addition. PVA was oxidized by KMnO4 to form vinyl ketone units along the polymer backbone. The chemical modification of PVA was then conducted through the reaction of the carbonyl group of the vinyl ketone unit with 9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxa‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene‐10‐oxide (DOPO) as a nucleophile. Through this approach, the phosphorous DOPO group was attached onto the carbon atom of the polymer main chain rather than onto the pendent hydroxyl groups of PVA. The formed DOPO‐containing PVA showed improved thermal stability, organosolubility, and flame retardance. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 41: 1107–1113, 2003
Effect of shear flow on the phase‐separation behavior in a blend of polystyrene and polyvinyl methyl ether
Authors: Lei Caihong , Li Guangxian , Yang Qi , Chen Dahua , Jiang Sujun 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe phase behavior and phase‐separation dynamics of polystyrene/polyvinyl methyl ether (PS/PVME) blend with a critical composition of 70 vol % PVME were examined with a light scattering technique under a shear‐rate range of 0.1–40 s−1. If the shear rates were less than 8 s−1 and the starting temperatures of the measurement were 343 and 383 K, respectively, two cloud points were observed, whereas after the shear rate was higher than 8 s−1, only one cloud point existed, 20 K higher than that of the static state of the blend. Investigation of the phase‐separation dynamics at 443 K suggested that in the vorticity direction the phase‐separation behavior at the early stage and the later stage can be explained by Cahn–Hilliard linearized theory and the exponent growth law, respectively. Phase separation occurs after a shearing time, which was called a delay time τd. The delayed time τd, the apparent diffusion coefficient, and the exponent term of the blend show strong dependence on shear rates. A theoretical prediction of the phase behavior of PS/PVME under a shear flow field by introducing an elastic energy term into Flory's equation‐of‐state theory was made, and the prediction was consistent with the experimental results. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 41: 661–669, 2003
Tensile creep of thermoplastics: Time‐strain superposition of non‐iso free‐volume data
Authors: Kolařík Jan 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe dimensional stability of thermoplastics is characterized by their tensile compliance D(t,σ,T) as a function of time t, stress σ, and temperature T. Creep retardation times are controlled by the free volume available for underlying molecular (segmental) motions. Tensile deformation of polymeric materials, whose Poisson ratio is smaller than 0.5, is accompanied by volume dilatation that can be identified with an increase in available free volume. Consequently, a steady increase in strain with time during tensile creep experiments accounts for shortening of the retardation times. The superposition of as‐received tensile compliance curves is difficult because any point of a curve requires a shift factor along the time axis that differs from those of other points. In this article, tensile creep at a constant stress and temperature is viewed as a non‐iso free‐volume process. A procedure is proposed to transform as‐received data to a pseudo‐iso free‐volume state that eliminates this deficiency and permits construction of a generalized compliance curve for the pseudo‐iso free‐volume state. This curve can be used for calculation of real‐time‐dependent compliance for any selected stress in the range of reversible deformations. As the superposed curve can be generated with several short‐term creep tests (e.g., 100 min) for a series of stresses, the proposed procedure saves experimental time. The effects of physical aging on tensile compliance (observed previously by other researchers) are interpreted in terms of the proposed approach in appendix A. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 41: 736–748, 2003
Effect of the repeated unit length of guest polymers on the molecular motion of polymer blends within a miscible window
Authors: Hung Albert Y. C. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe effect of the repeated unit length on the substantially increasing molecular motion and entropy change (−TΔSm) of polymer blends was investigated with solid‐state 13C NMR and differential scanning calorimetry within a miscible window. The hydrogen‐bonding strength, from the formation of the phenolic–polyester interaction, was not high enough to overcome the breaking‐off of the self‐association of the phenolic. With respect to the increasing repeated unit length, the polyester resonance intensity of the solid‐state 13C NMR spectra was weakened because of the reduction in the cross‐polarization efficiency in highly mobile samples. The glass‐transition temperature of the blend and the proton spin–lattice relaxation time from NMR experiments were also reduced. The effect of the reduced hydrogen‐bonding strength on blending brought about a tendency of higher entropy (−TΔSm) and higher molecular mobility of the blend. Accordingly, poly(decamethylene adipate) possessed the longest repeated unit length and exhibited the most mobile one in this phenolic/polyester blend family. The molecular segmental motion and entropy progressively increased while the repeated unit length of the guest polymers increased within a miscible window. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 41: 679–686, 2003
Domain size equilibration in sphere‐forming block copolymers
Authors: Cavicchi Kevin A. , Lodge Timothy P. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe kinetics of domain size equilibration were studied for asymmetric poly(ethylene‐alt‐propylene)‐b‐poly(dimethyl siloxane) (EPDMS) and polyisoprene‐b‐poly(dimethyl siloxane) (IDMS) block copolymers in the body‐centered cubic ordered phase. Small‐angle X‐ray scattering measurements of the principal peak position (q*) were made as a function of time after temperature jumps within the ordered state. The equilibration times were remarkably long, especially on cooling and for temperatures below 100 °C. For example, after a quench to 40 °C, q* for EPDMS had not fully equilibrated even after several weeks of annealing; IDMS required several days to equilibrate at the same temperature. In contrast, a lamella‐forming EPDMS sample was able to adjust q* within the timescale of the measurements (i.e., minutes) with both heating and cooling over the same temperature range. Measurements of tracer diffusion indicated that chain mobility was not the rate‐limiting step, although differences in mobility did account for the differences between EPDMS and IDMS. Rather, the limiting step was the required reduction in the number density of spheres on cooling; the disappearance of spheres, either by evaporation or by fusion, provided a large kinetic barrier. Lamellae, however, could adjust domain dimensions simply by local displacements of individual chains. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 41: 715–724, 2003
Synthesis and orientation study of a magnetically aligned liquid‐crystalline chitin/poly(acrylic acid) composite
Authors: Nge Thi Thi , Hori Naruhito , Takemura Akio , Ono Hirokuni , Kimura Tsunehisa 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA high magnetic field of 5 T was used to fabricate a magnetically aligned, optically anisotropic, liquid‐crystalline chitin/poly(acrylic acid) composite. The aligned mesophase was fixed by photoinitiated free‐radical polymerization. From an examination of polarized optical micrographs and an X‐ray diffraction study, a high degree of orientation of 0.70 was observed for the composite with a higher liquid‐crystalline chitin concentration (10.70 wt %); the orientation was reduced with a decreased chitin concentration at a given acrylic acid concentration. The X‐ray data for the developed composite showed a uniplanar orientation for the chitin crystallites, with its molecular long axes perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic field. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 41: 711–714, 2003
The evolving experience of illness for Chinese women with breast cancer: A qualitative study
Authors: Lam Wendy W.T. , Fielding Richard 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe study of illness meaning in cancer in western communities has usually focused on causal attributions. We report a phenomenological study of 17 Hong Kong Chinese women with breast cancer, interviewed on completion of initial treatment, and describe how the illness experience and hence, meaning evolves for women in the Hong Kong Chinese culture. Themes arising from the identification and treatment of the disease include the difficulty of living in uncertainty and of maintaining and regaining normalcy in a superstitious society. The initial uncertainty of disease detection and the diagnostic process are characterized by shock and disbelief mingled with fear of death. Treatment choice presents women with difficulties arising from more uncertainty over the pressure to make quick decisions and the dilemma of death or mutilation. Following treatment, re‐evaluation, re‐prioritizing and positive life‐re‐evaluation occur. Changes in appearance proved problematic for those women who tried to hide their disease to protect themselves against stigmatization and social exclusion. In many ways, these findings parallel studies on western populations, suggesting that a common disease–medical care process is a predominant influence in shaping breast cancer experience. Implications for care are drawn from these data. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Living with the worry of cancer: health perceptions and behaviors of elderly people with self, vicarious, or no history of cancer
Authors: Benyamini Yael , McClain Colleen S. , Leventhal Elaine A. , Leventhal Howard 
Published: March 2003

AbstractCancer is a major health threat that has a long‐term impact on quality of life and health worries. The present study is focused on two major issues: (1) the impact that a history of cancer has on reactions to other diseases, in addition to cancer and general health worries; and, (2) the impact that having lived with someone who had cancer has on health perceptions and behaviors. All 108 participants had osteoarthritis, a symptomatic but benign disease (49 people have had cancer, 22 had lived with a cancer patient, and 37 had not had any close experience with cancer). Cancer and health worries were lowest among the people with vicarious experience, while monitoring for bodily signs was similar and highest in both cancer experience groups. Reactions to arthritis suggest more vigilance among people who have had self or vicarious experience with cancer, while reactions to ambiguous symptoms suggest vigilance especially among those with a personal history of cancer. Overall, the findings suggest that the effects of self‐experience with cancer and of close experience with a cancer patient may be long‐term and impact upon both health perceptions and behaviors. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pediatric pulmonary carcinoid: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Moraes Theo J. , Langer Jacob C. , Forte Vito , Shayan Katayoon , Sweezey Neil 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe report on the youngest known patient with a pulmonary carcinoid, a rare tumor in children. We review the management of and prognosis for this tumor. Diagnosis can be delayed because of low clinical suspicion and the many ways in which these tumors can present. Treatment is surgical and geared towards complete resection while sparing healthy lung parenchyma. Prognosis is generally good, but careful long‐term follow‐up is needed for potential recurrences or associated tumors. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2003; 35:318–322. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Oxygen and ventilator weaning during inpatient pediatric pulmonary rehabilitation
Authors: Kharasch Virginia S. , Haley Stephen M. , Dumas Helene M. , Ludlow Larry H. , O'Brien Jane E. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractRates of oxygen and ventilator weaning, and factors related to successful weaning in inpatient pediatric pulmonary programs for infants and young children, have not been frequently reported in the literature. A retrospective review was conducted of 34 infants and toddlers with either a diagnostic condition of prematurity (PM) or congenital anomalies/neuromuscular disease (CA/NM) discharged from an inpatient pulmonary program. These cases represent 67 hospital admission‐discharge episodes over a 6‐year period. The rate of successful oxygen weaning (decrease to 0 hr per day) and ventilator weaning (decrease to <12 hr per day) and predictive factors related to successful ventilator weaning per admission‐discharge episode were examined. Successful oxygen weaning was achieved during 24% and successful ventilator weaning was achieved during 30% of the admission‐discharge episodes. No significant relationships were found between the selected demographic and clinical factors and oxygen weaning. Using a logistic regression model, the major variable associated with successful ventilator weaning per admission‐discharge episode was diagnostic condition. Age at admission and the presence of comorbidities added slightly to the prediction model. The overall model yielded 86% accuracy for predicting a decrease in ventilator hours. However, projecting in which episodes children will not be weaned (negative predictive value = 88.9%) was more accurate than projecting in which episodes children will be weaned (positive predictive value = 73.3%). Although the program achieved a relatively low rate of successful ventilator weaning, children with a diagnostic condition of prematurity were more likely to be successfully weaned during inpatient pulmonary rehabilitation. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2003; 35:280–287. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinical characteristics of children with tracheobronchial anomalies
Authors: Sánchez Ignacio , Navarro Héctor , Méndez Mireya , Holmgren Nils , Caussade Solange 
Published: March 2003

AbstractTracheobronchial anomalies (TBA) originate between the third and sixteenth week of gestation, and they primarily affect the main bronchi. The reported incidence varies between 1–3% of pediatric endoscopic studies. The objective of our review was to describe the clinical characteristics of patients with TBA diagnosed by flexible bronchoscopy (FB). During the period from March 1993–May 2001, we performed 580 FB at the Pediatric Services of the Catholic University Hospital. During this study period, 52 patients (9.65%) had a TBA (32 males, or 61.5%), with a mean age of 21.2 months (range, 7 days to 6 years). In 39 cases (75%), the diagnosis was made under age 2 years. Thirty‐six patients with symptoms related to TBA were symptomatic (70%), and in 16 cases (30%) the TBA was an accidental finding during FB. The main clinical manifestations were recurrent atelectasis of the right upper lobe (RUL), recurrent pneumonia, or congenital stridor. Most of the TBA were localized at the RUL bronchus (47%) and were characterized by an anomaly at its origin, either agenesis or a supernumerary bronchus. Also, we found patients with tracheal bronchus and congenital tracheal stenosis. In 6 patients (12%), we had more than one TBA, the most frequent being the association between RUL and RML anomalies. In 12 cases we found another congenital airway anomaly, mainly laryngomalacia. Patients had associated diseases, such as genetic disorders in 16 cases (particularly Down syndrome), and congenital cardiopathies. In summary, in our clinical experience, TBA are more frequent than previously reported. The majority of young patients have symptoms or signs, and most are localized to the RUL. We found patients with more than one TBA, laryngomalacia associated with TBA, and at a high frequency related to Down syndrome. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2003; 35:288–291. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Repeated blood gas monitoring in healthy children and adolescents by the transcutaneous route
Authors: Lagerkvist Anna‐Lena , Sten Gunilla , Redfors Staffan , Holmgren Daniel 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe aim of the study was to establish transcutaneous oxygen tension (tcPO2), carbon dioxide tension (tcPCO2), and oxygen saturation (tcSO2) values and to investigate the intra‐ and interindividual variation in these values in healthy children and adolescents. Forty‐one healthy children/adolescents (21 girls; mean age, 12.1 years; SD, 3.5; range, 5.0–19.0 years) participated. Continuous recordings of tcPO2, tcPCO2, tcSO2, and heart rate (HR) were made for 30 min on two occasions, with a mean interval of 10.3 days, with the child/adolescent in a sitting position. The respiratory rate (RR) was counted manually during the last 5 min of each recording. The mean values of tcPO2, tcPCO2, tcSO2, HR, and RR during the last 5 min of the recordings were reported. At the first recording, the mean value for tcPO2 was 10.8 kPa (SD 1.0), for tcPCO2 5.1 kPa (0.4), for tcSO2 97.4% (1.1), for HR 82.2 min−1 (9.9), and for RR 19.0 min−1 (2.8). The coefficient of variation for tcPO2 was 9.3%, for tcPCO2 7.8%, for tcSO2 1.1%, for HR 12.0%, and for RR 14.7%. The mean intraindividual variation in tcPO2 was 0.3 kPa (SD 1.0), tcPCO2 0.0 kPa (0.5), tcSO2 0.1% (1.3), HR 0.1 min−1 (7.7), and RR 0.5 min−1 (2.7). No significant differences were observed in tcPO2, tcPCO2, tcSO2, HR, or RR between the two recordings. In conclusion, the reproducibility of tcPO2, tcPCO2, and tcSO2 monitoring during 30 min in healthy children and adolescents was good. This indicates that transcutaneous blood gas monitoring may be used to document significant changes in blood gas tensions and oxygen saturation over time. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2003; 35:274–279. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Migration of Plasticizer between Bonded Propellant Interfaces
Authors: Gottlieb Levi , Bar Sigalit 
Published: March 2003

AbstractPlasticizer migration across bonded propellant interfaces during cure has been shown to have a measurable effect on propellant properties compared to each propellant by itself. This shows that the curing period is significant to the migration phenomenon. The plasticizer migration has been shown to have a direct influence on tensile strength for short aging periods up to the point the plasticizer reaches equilibrium. The tensile data for short aging periods have been shown to follow an empirical equation connecting the physical characteristics of plasticizer migration with increasing propellant tensile strength. The diffusion coefficient has been evaluated on the basis of this relation from a plot of σ$ ^{\it m}_{\rm t}$ versus t1/2 and was in good agreement with the diffusion coefficient from the plasticizer content data.