bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The decay $$B\rightarrow K+\nu +\bar{\nu }$$ at Belle II and a massless bino in R-parity-violating supersymmetry
Authors: Wang Zeren Simon , Dreiner Herbert K. , Günther Julian Y. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Recently, announced evidence for the decay

$$B^+\rightarrow K^+ +\nu +\bar{\nu }$$

B
+

→

K
+

+
ν
+

ν

¯

at the

$$3.5\,\sigma $$

3.5

σ

significance, and measured the corresponding decay branching ratio to be

$$2.7\,\sigma $$

2.7

σ

above the Standard Model prediction. Here, we provide a theoretical explanation based on a massless bino in R-parity-violating (RPV) supersymmetry. With a single non-vanishing RPV coupling

$$\lambda '_{i23/i32}$$

λ

i
23
/
i
32

′

,

$$\lambda '_{i13/i33}$$

λ

i
13
/
i
33

′

, or

$$\lambda '_{i12/i22}$$

λ

i
12
/
i
22

′

, where

$$i=1,2,3$$

i
=
1
,
2
,
3

, the decay

$$B^+\rightarrow K^+ +\overset{\scriptscriptstyle (-)}{\nu _i}+ \tilde{\chi }^0_1$$

B
+

→

K
+

+

ν
i

(
-
)

+

χ
~

1
0

can be induced, which would lead to the same signature as

$$B^+\rightarrow K^+ +\nu +\bar{\nu }$$

B
+

→

K
+

+
ν
+

ν

¯

. Taking into account both theoretical and experimental uncertainties, we derive the regions of the parameter space spanned by the RPV couplings and sfermion masses that could accommodate the new measurement at various significance levels and obey the existing bounds simultaneously.
Approximation of BV functions by neural networks: A regularity theory approach
Authors: Avelin Benny , Julin Vesa 
Published: January 2025

In this paper, we are concerned with the approximation of functions by single hidden layer neural networks with ReLU activation functions on the unit circle. In particular, we are interested in the case when the number of data-points exceeds the number of nodes. We first study the convergence to equilibrium of the stochastic gradient flow associated with the cost function with a quadratic penalization. Specifically, we prove a Poincaré inequality for a penalized version of the cost function with explicit constants that are independent of the data and of the number of nodes. As our penalization biases the weights to be bounded, this leads us to study how well a network with bounded weights can approximate a given function of bounded variation (BV). Our main contribution concerning approximation of BV functions, is a result which we call the localization theorem. Specifically, it states that the expected error of the constrained problem, where the length of the weights are less than [Formula: see text], is of order [Formula: see text] with respect to the unconstrained problem (the global optimum). The proof is novel in this topic and is inspired by techniques from regularity theory of elliptic partial differential equations. Finally, we quantify the expected value of the global optimum by proving a quantitative version of the universal approximation theorem.
Graph Transformations for Memory Peak Minimization by Scheduling
Authors: Fradet Pascal , Girault Alain , Honorat Alexandre 
Published: January 2025

Many computing systems are constrained by a fixed amount of available shared memory. Modeling applications with task graphs or Synchronous DataFlow (SDF) graphs makes it possible to analyze and optimize their memory usage. The NP-complete problem studied here is to find a sequential schedule of dataflow graphs that minimizes their memory peak. We propose four task graph transformations that reduce the graph size while preserving the minimal memory peak. They are able to compress all Series-Parallel Directed Acyclic Graphs (SP-DAG) to a single node representing an optimal schedule (optimal in the sense that its memory peak is minimal). They also offer simple criteria to schedule optimally independent tasks and guided us to develop an optimal compositional scheduling analysis.
These transformations are quite effective and compress a large class of graphs into a single node representing an optimal schedule. When this is not the case, we propose an optimized branch and bound algorithm to complete the analysis of the reduced graphs. This algorithm is able to find the optimal schedule of graphs comprising up to 100 tasks. Our approach also applies to SDF graphs after converting them to task graphs. However, since this conversion may produce huge graphs, we also describe a new suboptimal method, similar to Partial Expansion Graphs, to reduce the graph and schedule sizes. We evaluate our approach on classic benchmarks, on which we always outperform the state-of-the-art.
Potential Molecular Mechanisms of Jiedutongluo Tiaoying Formula in Treating Hyperthyroidism Based on Network Pharmacology and In Vivo Experiments in Mice
Authors: Huang Xin , Chen Binqin , Xiao Xiaoli , Piao Chunli 
Published: January 2025

Background: “Jiedutongluo Tiaoying Formula” (JDTLTYF) TCM prescriptions can effectively treat hyperthyroidism and effectively improve the condition of patients. Methods: The main active ingredients of JDTLTYF were collected from the TCMSP database and the target was predicted. Genes related to hyperthyroidism were identified using DisGeNET, GeneCards and OMIM databases. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and interaction network of “formula-herb-active ingredient–target genes” was constructed. Mass spectrometry was used to identify the components. The binding of key components to the target was verified by molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. A hyperthyroidism mouse model was established using levothyroxine sodium tablets, and the hormone and expression levels of inflammatory factorswere examined by ELISA and western blot. Results: The key genes of JDTLTYF in the treatment of hyperthyroidism were TNF and AKT1. The results of mass spectrometry also showed that quercetin was one of the main components. The results of molecular docking and MD simulation showed that the binding free energy between AKT1 and quercetin was the lowest and the binding was stable. In vivo experimental results showed that gastric lavage with JDTLTYF could target AKT1 and TNF-α, effectively alleviate the pathological features of hyperthyroidism in mice and reduce inflammation response. Conclusion: This study elucidated the key small molecule compounds and their action targets of JDTLTYF in the treatment of hyperthyroidism. It provides a direction for the development of new drugs for clinical hyperthyroidism.
Resveratrol and Its Metabolites by Gut Microbiota Inhibit Human and Rat Gonadal 3β‐Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases: In Vitro Assay, Structure–Activity Relationship, and In Silico Docking Analysis
Authors: Zhai Yingna , Hu Chunnan , Li Huitao , Wang Yiyan , Wang Shaowei , Li Xiaoheng , Ge Ren-shan , Zhu Qiqi 
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Resveratrol and its analogs have potential therapeutic usage. Resveratrol is metabolized to various metabolites by gut microbiota, including dihydroresveratrol, lunularin, pinostilbene, and oxyresveratrol. However, they might have side effects by inhibiting human gonadal 3β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 (h3β‐HSD2) and rat homolog r3β‐HSD1, thereby interfering with steroid biosynthesis.Methods: Herein, we analyzed the inhibitory strength via in vitro assay, mode of action, structure–activity relationship, and docking simulation of resveratrol analogs on 3β‐HSDs. Human KGN cell microsome was used as h3β‐HSD2 source, and 90‐day‐old male Sprague–Dawley rat testicular microsome was used as r3β‐HSD1 source. The conversion of pregnenolone to progesterone by 3β‐HSDs was analyzed.Results: IC50 values for h3β‐HSD2 were 4,4′‐dihydroxystilbene (8.87 μM) > pinostilbene (10.51 μM) > resveratrol (50.04 μM) > lunularin (96.10 μM), while those for r3β‐HSD1 were pinostilbene (5.11 μM) > 4,4′‐dihydroxystilbene (15.16 μM) > resveratrol (26.58 μM) > lunularin (34.32 μM). Most resveratrol analogs were mixed/competitive inhibitors of both 3β‐HSDs. Lipophilicity (LogP) and lowest binding energy determined the inhibitory strength. Docking analysis showed that resveratrol and its analogs bind to the NAD+‐/steroid‐binding sites of 3β‐HSDs.Conclusion: Resveratrol can inhibit both human and rat gonadal 3β‐HSDs, thereby interfering with the metabolism and concentrations of steroid hormones such as progesterone, testosterone, and estradiol.Practical Application: Consequently, this interference could hold significance for conditions related to hormone imbalances, such as polycystic ovary syndrome and certain cancers. Disorders marked by elevated levels of androgens, like hyperandrogenism, might find therapeutic benefit from interventions aimed at modulating 3β‐HSD activity. Hence, resveratrol and its metabolites could present themselves as natural or supplementary treatment options for managing such conditions.
Mapping Leadership in a Person‐Centred Care Context: A Scoping Review
Authors: Deuling Marieke , Bagchus Charlotte , Jacobs Gaby , Wallner Christian 
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Recent decades have seen a significant increase in focus on person‐centred care. However, its implementation is complex. Person‐centred care is paradoxically simultaneously described as fundamental and as extra to the nursing practice. Although the significance of leadership for the delivery of person‐centred care is recognised, less is known about what this entails.Objective: Mapping leadership in a context of person‐centred care.Methods: The search strategy focuses on the two main concepts: leader(ship) and person‐centred care, with results limited to studies published between 2010 and 2023. A convergent data synthesis was performed, enabling an analysis of study characteristics and a thematic inductive analysis of qualitative, quantitative and theoretical studies in one.Results: A total of 27 studies were included. In these studies, the leadership subjects are almost all related to a formal (leadership) position. The included studies reference several leadership components. These include person‐centred vision and culture, skills, being a role model, commitment/support, client engagement and facilitating forums and conditions for person‐centred care. All components regard interactions or relationships. These can be found on different levels, ranging from interactions with the self, colleagues, patients, within the team and in the organisation.Conclusions: This review shows leadership as a concept connected to formal positions and roles and as a set of qualities, characteristics and/or skills of an individual. However, it also shows the importance of person‐centred vision and person‐centred culture in leadership. This includes an implicit focus on values of good care and on interactions or relationships. We propose explicating the latter two elements in a notion of person‐centred leadership as a starting point for improving nursing practice and training.
Atrial Fibrillation Related Titin Truncation Is Associated With Atrial Myopathy in Patient-Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Disease Models
Authors: Huang Kate , Ashraf Mishal , Rohani Leili , Luo Yinhan , Sacayanan Ardin , Huang Haojun , Haegert Anne , Volik Stanislav , Sar Funda , LeBihan Stéphane , Liew Janet , Backx Peter H. , Roberts Jason D. , Tibbits Glen F. , Churko Jared M. , Sanatani Shubhayan , Collins Colin , Brunham Liam R. , Laksman Zachary 
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND:
Protein-truncating mutations in the titin gene are associated with increased risk of atrial fibrillation. However, little is known about the underlying pathophysiology.

METHODS:
We identified a heterozygous titin truncating variant (TTNtv) in a patient with unexplained early onset atrial fibrillation and normal ventricular function. We generated patient-specific atrial- and ventricular-like induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes and engineered heart tissue to evaluate the impact of the TTNtv on electrophysiology, sarcomere structure, contractility, and gene expression.

RESULTS:
We demonstrate that the TTNtv increases susceptibility to pacing-induced arrhythmia, promotes sarcomere disorganization, and reduces contractile force in atrial induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes compared with their CRISPR/Cas9-corrected isogenic controls. In ventricular induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes, this variant was associated with abnormal electrophysiology and sarcomere organization without a reduction in contractile force compared with their isogenic controls. RNA-sequencing revealed an upregulation of cell adhesion and extracellular matrix genes in the presence of the TTNtv for both atrial and ventricular engineered heart tissues.

CONCLUSIONS:
In a patient with unexplained atrial fibrillation, induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes with a TTNtv showed structural and electrophysiological abnormalities in both atrial and ventricular models, while only atrial engineered heart tissues demonstrated reduced contractility. The observed chamber-specific effect suggests that structural disorganization and reduced contractile function may be associated with atrial myopathy in the presence of truncated titin.
Contextualising Aristides’ Speech
Authors: Masunaga Masataka 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper attempts to identify the as yet undetermined spatial context of the encomium ‘Panegyric in Cyzicus’ by Aelius Aristides (Or. 27), on the assumption that the text of the speech reflects the space in which it was delivered. First, it is shown that with respect to promoting mediation between factions, the Cyzicus oration is related to other speeches of Aristides, which were apparently delivered in council chambers. Furthermore, we would argue that the quotations from classical works in the oration, which compare the situation at Aristides’ time with past individuals and scenarios, also imply its spatial context. Consequently, it is considered likely that the Cyzicus oration was delivered in the city’s council chamber.
Understanding the Atmospheric Dynamics over High-Altitude Glaciated Regions in the Central Himalayas Using High-Resolution Numerical Simulations
Authors: Tiwari Ujjwal , Bush Andrew B. G. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The atmospheric dynamics over the higher Himalayas play a crucial role in controlling glacier variability and ultimately regulating downstream water availability. However, the paucity of station observations makes exploring these atmospheric dynamics challenging. To address these issues, we employed a high-resolution configuration of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model with a 2-km convection-permitting grid scale to simulate atmospheric variables over the central Himalayas. We analyze the atmospheric variables over three high-altitude glaciated regions, namely, the Langtang, Rolwaling, and Everest regions, in the central Himalayas. The model reproduces precipitation and temperature seasonality well, with the model precipitation displaying better agreement with the station data and outperforming the satellite observations. Furthermore, we investigate the spatial variability of precipitation during the monsoon and winter seasons and explore the associated dynamics by computing the vertically integrated moisture transport (VIMT) and vertically integrated moisture flux divergence (VIMFD). The VIMT and VIMFD analyses reveal that the valleys that meridionally dissect the Himalayas transport the moisture from the Indo-Gangetic Plains to the higher Himalayas, and the sharp rise in elevation results in moisture convergence and precipitation, with the results that the ridges and windward slopes accumulate more precipitation than the leeward slopes and valleys. The orographic effect on moisture convergence, cloud formation, and precipitation consequently controls the glacier energy balance. During the monsoon season, the enhancement of net radiation by thick monsoon cloud cover, coupled with added latent heat and reduced albedo from the dominant liquid precipitation below 5000 m MSL, increases the melt energy, promoting glacier melt.
Comparative analysis of persistent and recanalized falcine sinuses on magnetic resonance venography: insights from healthy individuals and parasagittal meningioma patients
Authors: Xie Yuxi , Li Xuanxuan , Zhu Yuqi , Wang Dongdong , Ying Yinwei , Luan Shihai , Liu Xiujuan , Lu Yiping , Yin Bo 
Published: January 2025

Background Falcine sinuses can remain persistent after birth, but they can also become recanalized in cases where venous sinuses are invaded by meningiomas. Purpose To explore the incidence and imaging features of persistent falcine sinuses in healthy individuals and recanalized falcine sinuses in parasagittal meningioma (PSM) patients on magnetic resonance venography (MRV). Material and Methods Radiologists evaluated imaging data of 168 healthy individuals and 168 PSM patients. The invasion extent of the superior sagittal sinus (SSS) in PSMs was confirmed by a neurosurgeon based on Sindou's criteria. We compared the incidence and imaging features of persistent and recanalized falcine sinuses. Results Among 168 health individuals (mean age = 46.2 ± 9.7 years), 5 (3.0%) persistent falcine sinuses were identified. Among 168 PSM patients (mean age = 53.0 ± 15.0 years), 14 (8.3%) recanalized falcine sinuses were found. Significant differences in SSS invasion extent and location were discovered between cases with and without recanalized falcine sinuses ( P < 0.001 and P = 0.029). Recanalized falcine sinuses showed significant higher incidence and larger caliber than persistent ones (for incidence: 8.3% vs. 3.0%, P = 0.034; for caliber: 3.9 ± 1.2 vs. 2.5 ± 0.3 mm, P = 0.005). Under the cutoff of 3.1 mm in caliber with the area under the curve (AUC) of 0.929, we could differentiate between persistent and recanalized falcine sinuses. Conclusion Recanalized falcine sinuses in PSMs may form when meningiomas severely invade the posterior portion of the SSS, potentially offering a new perspective to assess sinus invasion. Differences between persistent and recanalized falcine sinuses may reflect different venous drainage status under normal and pathological conditions.
Clinical difference between solitary and multiple pulmonary adenocarcinoma nodules
Authors: Jiaming Yang , Haishen Zhou , Shi Xie , Yubing Wang , Jiaqing Zhang 
Published: January 2025

Objective: we compared and analyzed the imaging features, tumor markers, pathological immunohistochemistry, and lymph node metastasis rates of solitary and multiple lung adenocarcinoma to provide a valuable reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 212 patients who underwent thoracic surgery in our hospital from 2022 to 2023, including 149 patients with a solitary lung adenocarcinoma nodule and 63 patients with multiple primary nodules. Via propensity score matching, the imaging features, tumor serological markers, pathological immunohistochemistry, and lymph node metastasis rates of the two groups were compared, and the differences in lymph node metastasis rates between solitary and multiple nodules were explored by binary logistic regression. Results: After propensity score matching, there were significant differences in the mean CT value ( P = 0.001), Ki-67 expression ( P < 0.001), PD-L1 expression ( P = 0.002), and the lymph node metastasis rate ( P = 0.030) between the two groups, but there were no significant differences in nodule type, imaging features, tumor serological marker levels, and the ALK-positive and SYN-positive rates. With lymph node metastasis as the dependent variable, solitary or multiple nodules as the categorical covariate, and the three variables were included as independent variables for binary logistic regression analysis. The probability of lymph node metastasis was 80.8% lower in patients with multiple primary lung adenocarcinoma nodules than in those with a solitary one ( P = 0.042). Conclusion: Multiple primary adenocarcinoma nodules exhibit milder biological behavior than solitary adenocarcinoma nodules and carry a lower risk of lymph node metastasis.
The Prevalence of Tear Patterns and Their Effects on Tendon Healing After Arthroscopic Surgery in Patients With Full-Thickness Rotator Cuff Tears
Authors: Shin Sang-Jin , Lee Sanghyeon 
Published: January 2025

Background: To achieve successful anatomic rotator cuff repair with minimal tension, both the tear pattern and tear size should be considered. However, little information is available concerning the frequency of tear patterns and their effects on tendon healing. Purpose: To evaluate the distribution of tear patterns in full-thickness rotator cuff tears and whether these patterns affect tendon healing after arthroscopic repair. Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Between 2014 and 2021, patients who underwent arthroscopic surgery for symptomatic full-thickness rotator cuff tears with a minimum 2-year follow-up with postoperative magnetic resonance imaging or ultrasound were retrospectively reviewed. After the debridement of degenerative tendon tissue during arthroscopic surgery, the tear pattern was classified as crescent, U, or anterior or posterior L shaped. Intergroup differences in clinical and radiological characteristics were analyzed. In the subgroup analysis, patients were divided into 2 subgroups: small-to-medium or large-to-massive tears. Results: Among the 1037 patients with a full-thickness rotator cuff tear, the most common tear pattern was crescent shaped (39.6%), followed by posterior L, U, and anterior L shaped (26.0%, 21.4%, and 12.9%, respectively). In the subgroup analysis, 713 patients (68.8%) had small-to-medium tears, while 324 (31.2%) had large-to-massive tears. The proportion of large-to-massive tears was significantly higher for the anterior L-shaped tear pattern than for the other tear patterns (24.8%, 28.8%, 52.2%, and 32.6% for crescent, U, and anterior and posterior L shaped, respectively; P < .001). The anterior L-shaped tear pattern had a significantly higher retear rate than the other tear patterns in small-to-medium tears (7.8%, 13.0%, 28.0%, and 10.6% for crescent, U, and anterior and posterior L shaped, respectively; P < .001). The rate of revision surgery because of a symptomatic retear within 2 years after primary surgery was significantly higher for the anterior L-shaped tear pattern than for the other tear patterns (3.8%, 7.5%, 21.6%, and 0.0% for crescent, U, and anterior and posterior L shaped, respectively; P = .002). Conclusion: The prevalence of tear patterns varied depending on the tear size. In small-to-medium tears, the anterior L-shaped tear pattern had the lowest incidence among the tear patterns; however, it had a significantly higher retear rate. Furthermore, the anterior L-shaped tear pattern had a higher incidence of retears requiring early revision surgery than the other tear patterns.