bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic lumped‐parameter models for foundations based on polynomial‐fraction approximation
Authors: Wu Wen‐Hwa , Lee Wen‐How 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBased on the approximation by polynomial‐fraction, a series of systematic lumped‐parameter models are developed in this paper for efficiently representing the dynamic behaviour of unbounded soil. Concise formulation is first employed to represent the dynamic flexibility function of foundation with a ratio of two polynomials. By defining an appropriate quadratic error function, the optimal coefficients of the polynomials can be directly solved from a system of linear equations. Through performing partial‐fraction expansion on this polynomial‐fraction and designing two basic discrete‐element models corresponding to the partial fractions, systematic lumped‐parameter models can be conveniently established by connecting these basic units in series. Since the systematic lumped‐parameter models are configured without introducing any mass, the foundation input motion can be directly applied to these models for their applications to the analysis of seismic excitation. The effectiveness of these new models is strictly validated by successfully simulating a semi‐infinite bar on an elastic foundation. Subsequently, these models are applied for representing the dynamic stiffness functions for different types of foundation. Comparison of the new models with the other existing lumped‐parameter models is also made to illustrate their advantages in requiring fewer parameters and featuring a more systematic expansion. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Syntheses and odour descriptions of cyclopropanated compounds 2.1 Analogues of methyl jasmonate
Authors: Kiyota Hiromasa , Koike Takanori , Higashi Emi , Oritani Takayuki 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAnalogues of methyl jasmonate bearing a cyclopropane ring were synthesized and their odour characteristics were examined. Cyclopropanation of the pentenyl side chains not only increased the odour intensity, but also gave a mossy mushroom characteristic when compared with the original odour. Modification of the cyclopentanone to fix the cis ring geometry reduced both the quality and intensity of the original odour. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Approximation for convenience yield in commodity futures pricing
Authors: Heaney Richard 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe pricing of commodity futures contracts is important both for professionals and academics. It is often

argued that futures prices include a convenience yield, and this article uses a simple trading strategy to

approximate the impact of convenience yields. The approximation requires only three variables—underlying

asset price volatility, futures contract price volatility, and the futures contract time to maturity. The

approximation is tested using spot and futures prices from the London Metals Exchange contracts for copper,

lead, and zinc with quarterly observations drawn from a 25‐year period from 1975 to 2000. Matching

Euro‐Market interest rates are used to estimate the risk‐free rate. The convenience yield

approximation is both statistically and economically important in explaining variation between the futures price

and the spot price after adjustment for interest rates. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark

22:1005–1017, 2002
The chromosome translocation t(7;11)(p15;p15) in acute myeloid leukemia results in fusion of the NUP98 gene with a HOXA cluster gene, HOXA13, but not HOXA9
Authors: Taketani Takeshi , Taki Tomohiko , Ono Ryoichi , Kobayashi Yukio , Ida Kohmei , Hayashi Yasuhide 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe nucleoporin gene NUP98 has been reported to be fused to 9 partner genes in hematologic malignancies with 11p15 translocations. The NUP98‐HOXA9 fusion gene has been identified in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and chronic myelogenous leukemia with t(7;11)(p15;p15). We report here a novel NUP98 partner gene, HOXA13, in a patient with de novo AML having t(7;11)(p15;p15). The HOXA13 gene is part of the HOXA cluster genes and contains 2 exons, encoding a protein of 338 amino acids with a homeodomain. The NUP98‐HOXA13 fusion protein consists of the N‐terminal phenylalanine‐glycine repeat motif of NUP98 and the C‐terminal homeodomain of HOXA13, similar to the NUP98‐HOXA9 fusion protein. Reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) analysis in various leukemic cell lines showed that the HOXA13 gene was expressed significantly more frequently in acute monocytic leukemic cell lines than in other leukemic cell lines (P = 0.039). HOXA13 and three HOXA cluster genes (A9, A10, A11) located at the 5′ end of the HOXA9 gene were frequently expressed in myeloid leukemic cell lines. Our results revealed that t(7;11)(p15;p15) was not a single chromosomal abnormality at the molecular level. The protein encoded by the NUP98‐HOXA13 fusion gene is similar to that encoded by NUP98‐HOXA9, and the expression pattern of the HOXA13 gene in leukemic cell lines is similar to that of the HOXA9 gene, suggesting that the NUP98‐HOXA13 fusion protein may play a role in leukemogenesis through a mechanism similar to that of the NUP98‐HOXA9 fusion protein. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A 10‐Mb paracentric inversion of chromosome arm 2p inactivates MSH2 and is responsible for hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer in a North‐American kindred
Authors: Wagner Anja , van der Klift Heleen , Franken Patrick , Wijnen Juul , Breukel Cor , Bezrookove Vladimir , Smits Ron , Kinarsky Yulia , Barrows Alicia , Franklin Barbara , Lynch Jane , Lynch Henry , Fodde Riccardo 
Published: October 2002

AbstractGenomic deletions of the MSH2 gene are a frequent cause of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), a common hereditary predisposition to the development of tumors in several organs including the gastrointestinal and urinary tracts and endometrium. The mutation spectrum at the MSH2 gene is extremely heterogeneous because it includes nonsense and missense point mutations, small insertions and deletions leading to frameshifts, and larger genomic deletions, the latter representing approximately 25% of the total mutation burden. Here, we report the identification and molecular characterization of the first paracentric inversion of the MSH2 locus known to cause HNPCC. Southern blot analysis and inverse PCR showed that the centromeric and telomeric breakpoints of the paracentric inversion map within intron 7 and to a contig 10 Mb 3′ of MSH2, respectively. Pathogenicity of the paracentric inversion was demonstrated by conversion analysis. The patient's lymphocytes were employed to generate somatic cell hybrids to analyze the expression of the inverted MSH2 allele in an Msh2‐deficient rodent cellular background. The inversion was shown to abolish MSH2 expression by both northern and western analysis. This study confirms that Southern blot analysis still represents a useful and informative tool to screen for and identify complex genomic rearrangements in HNPCC. Moreover, monoallelic expression analysis represents an attractive approach to demonstrate pathogenicity of unusual mutations in autosomal dominant hereditary conditions. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chromosomal aberrations in prostate cancer xenografts detected by comparative genomic hybridization
Authors: Laitinen Sari , Karhu Ritva , Sawyers Charles L. , Vessella Robert L. , Visakorpi Tapio 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA major problem in studying prostate cancer has been the lack of model systems because of the difficulties in growing prostate cancer cells in vitro. Recently, however, several human prostate cancer xenografts, grown in immune‐deficient mice, have been established. Here, we characterized 13 such xenografts (LuCaP 23.8, 23.12, 35, 41, 49, 58, 69, 70, 73, LAPC‐4AD, LAPC‐4AI, LAPC‐9AD, and LAPC‐9AI) as well as one prostate cancer cell line (22Rv1) derived from a xenograft for chromosomal alterations by comparative genomic hybridization and a modification of multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization. On average, the xenografts contained 13 (range 5–28) aberrations, 5 (1–13) gains, and 8 (1–15) losses, per case. The chromosome arms that most often contained losses were 2q, 5q, 6q, 8p, 13q, and 18q, and gains were 7q, 8q, and Xq. The same regions were previously shown to be often altered in advanced prostate carcinomas in patients. The androgen‐dependent and corresponding androgen‐independent sublines of LAPC‐4 and LAPC‐9 shared all genetic alterations, suggesting that the transition of the growth from androgen dependency to independence does not involve major chromosomal aberrations in these two models. In conclusion, the identified genetic aberrations lay the groundwork for further detailed genetic analyses of these xenografts. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Densely methylated MLH1 promoter correlates with decreased mRNA expression in sporadic colorectal cancers
Authors: Furukawa Taiji , Konishi Fumio , Masubuchi Shigehiko , Shitoh Kazuhisa , Nagai Hideo , Tsukamoto Toshihiko 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIt has been reported that MLH1 is silenced by promoter methylation, and that this phenomenon is associated with microsatellite instability (MSI) in sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC). To clarify the significance of MLH1 promoter methylation in sporadic CRC, we examined the correlation between methylation status over the entire promoter region and mRNA expression in cases showing high‐frequency MSI (MSI‐H). MLH1 promoter methylation was analyzed using the bisulfite modification sequencing in 48 MSI‐H cases. We also screened for somatic mutation, loss of heterozygosity, and immunohistochemical staining of MLH1. The results showed that methylation patterns could be subdivided into three types: methylation of more than 80% of the CpG sites analyzed (type 1 methylation), methylation of less than 20% (type 2 methylation), and methylation mainly in the region 500 to 921 bases upstream from the translation start site (type 3 methylation). Of the three types, only type 1 methylation correlated with decreased mRNA expression. The frequency of type 1 methylation was significantly higher in cases involving the proximal colon (66.7%, 18/27) compared to that of the distal colon and rectum (23.8%, 5/21, P = 0.004). Immunohistochemical staining of MSI‐H cases showed that decreased MLH1 was found in 77.1% (37/48). Of the cases with decreased MLH1, type 1 methylation was present in 59.5% (22/37). Overall, our data suggested that the type 1 methylation pattern may affect MLH1 mRNA expression, such that the majority of MSI‐H cases in sporadic CRC, especially proximal colon cancer, exhibited type 1 methylation. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Novel Sxra ES cell line offers hope for Y chromosome gene‐targeted mice
Authors: Simpson Elizabeth M. , Johnson Kevin A. , Shirley Bobbi‐Jo , Fang Ge Y. , Bayleran Janet K. , Lerner Charles P. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractSummary: A mouse targeted for a Y Chromosome gene has not been reported. Because the Y Chromosome is present in only one copy, and most of its genes are critical for germ cell development, such a mouse would likely be infertile. Thus, we describe a new reproductive strategy to enable transmission of targeted Y Chromosome genes to subsequent generations. The strategy uses two segregating copies of Y Chromosome genes to mimic the autosomal condition. To achieve this, we developed a new embryonic stem cell line from the XYSxra mouse, which carries a duplication of the gene‐rich Y Chromosome short arm. Importantly, we demonstrate germ line transmission of the YSxra chromosome and describe this significant new tool as a practical solution to enable reproduction in mice targeted for Y Chromosome genes. genesis 33:62–66, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mouse model of split hand/foot malformation type I
Authors: Merlo Giorgio R. , Paleari Laura , Mantero Stefano , Genova Francesca , Beverdam Annemiek , Palmisano Giulio L. , Barbieri Ottavia , Levi Giovanni 
Published: October 2002

AbstractSplit hand/foot malformation type I (SHFM1) disease locus maps to chromosome 7q21.3‐q22, a region that includes the distal‐less‐related (dll) genes DLX5 and DLX6. However, incomplete penetrance, variable expressivity, segregation distortion, and syndromic association with other anomalies have so far prevented the identification of the SHFM1 gene(s) in man. Here we show that the targeted double inactivation of Dlx5 and Dlx6 in the mouse causes in homozygous mutant animals bilateral ectrodactyly with a severe defect of the central ray of the hindlimbs, a malformation typical of SHFM1. This is the first evidence that the role of dll/Dlx genes in appendage development is conserved from insects to mammals and proves their involvement in SHFM1. genesis 33:97–101, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Temporal Cre‐mediated recombination exclusively in endothelial cells using Tie2 regulatory elements
Authors: Forde Anne , Constien Rainer , Gröne Hermann‐Josef , Hämmerling Günter , Arnold Bernd 
Published: October 2002

AbstractSummary: The versatility of the bacteriophage Cre/LoxP system is dependent on the availability of a spectrum of tissue‐specific Cre transgenic mice to address a host of biological questions. In this paper, we report on the generation of an inducible Tie2Cre transgenic mouse line that facilitates gene targeting exclusively in endothelial cells. The temporal manner of recombination is feasible through the use of a Cre‐estrogen receptor fusion protein ERT2 and was, in practical terms, achieved by feeding the animals the estrogen antagonist tamoxifen orally for 5 weeks. High efficiency of recombination was found in the vast majority of endothelial cell populations examined, as monitored by an EGFP reporter mouse line. Critically, no EGFP expression was observed in any uninduced mice. This inducible Cre line will be a very beneficial asset to investigating the role of endothelial specific genes in the adult mouse and to induce transgenes in the endothelium in an extremely efficient manner. genesis 33:191–197, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Predictors of institutionalization in patients with dementia in Korea
Authors: Kim Jae‐Min , Shin Il‐Seon , Jeong Seong‐Joo , Gormley Niall , Yoon Jin‐Sang 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBackgroundMany studies have sought to determine the predictors of institutionalization of patients with dementia. Such studies, performed in developed western societies, have come to various conclusions which may not be supported in an East Asian culture such as that found in Korea.ObjectivesThis study aimed to determine the factors that predict institutionalization of patients in Korea diagnosed with dementia.MethodsSeventy‐nine cases (37 institutionalized, 42 community‐dwelling) in the Kwangju area were evaluated for patient characteristics, severity of dementia symptoms, caregiver characteristics, burden and distress. Logistic regression was performed to determine predictors of actual institutionalization.ResultsSix predictors of institutionalization were identified. Of these, three were patient‐related factors: higher score on the Clinical Dementia Rating, higher score on the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, and shorter duration of dementia. The other three were caregiver‐related factors: younger age, higher education (formal schooling), and higher cost of home care.ConclusionsAs seen in previous western studies, institutionalization of dementia sufferers was influenced by both patient and caregiver factors. But, the specific predictors and their relative influences might be explained best by the particular social, cultural and economic situation in Korea. This study was the first of its kind in Korea and, as such, could serve as a reference for future intra‐cultural and cross‐cultural comparisons. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Can psychiatric liaison reduce neuroleptic use and reduce health service utilization for dementia patients residing in care facilities
Authors: Ballard Clive , Powell Ian , James Ian , Reichelt Katharina , Myint Pat , Potkins Dawn , Bannister Carol , Lana Marisa , Howard Robert , O'Brien John , Swann Alan , Robinson Damian , Shrimanker Jay , Barber Robert 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBackgroundThe quality of care and overuse of neuroleptic medication in care environments are major issues in the care of elderly people with dementia.MethodThe quality of care (Dementia Care Mapping), the severity of Behavioural and Psychological Symptoms (BPSD—Neuropsychiatric Inventory), expressive language skills (Sheffield Acquired Language Disorder scale), service utilization and use of neuroleptic drugs was compared over 9 months between six care facilities receiving a psychiatric liaison service and three facilities receiving the usual clinical support, using a single blind design.ResultsThere was a significant reduction in neuroleptic usage in the facilities receiving the liaison service (McNemar test p < 0.0001), but not amongst those receiving standard clinical support (McNemar test p = 0.07). There were also significantly less GP contacts (t = 3.9 p = 0.0001) for residents in the facilities receiving the liaison service, and a three fold reduction in psychiatric in‐patient bed usage (Bed days per person 0.6 vs. 1.5). Residents in care facilities receiving the liaison service experienced significantly less deterioration in expressive language skills (t = 2.2 p = 0.03), but there were no significant differences in BPSD or wellbeing.ConclusionA resource efficient psychiatric liaison service can reduce neuroleptic drug use and reduce some aspects of health service utilization; but a more extensive intervention is probably required to improve the overall quality of care. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hyponatraemia in elderly psychiatric patients treated with Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors and venlafaxine: a retrospective controlled study in an inpatient unit
Authors: Kirby Dianne , Harrigan Susan , Ames David 
Published: October 2002

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of hyponatraemia associated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) and venlafaxine use in elderly patients compared to that in elderly patients not prescribed these drugs, while controlling for age, sex, depression status and illnesses or prescribed medications also associated with hyponatraemia.Design and settingRetrospective controlled analysis in a 36‐bed inpatient unit for elderly psychiatric patients in Melbourne.PatientsInpatients (199) with a mean age of 74.2 years of whom 74 were prescribed an SSRI or venlafaxine.ResultsPatients on SSRIs or venlafaxine were 5.6 times as likely as patients not so treated to have hyponatraemia. Thirty‐nine percent of patients on an SSRI or venlafaxine had hyponatraemia compared with 10% of controls. Ten of the 14 patients on venlafaxine were hyponatraemic. Controlling for thiazide status did not reduce the odds of these patients having hyponatraemia and taking an SSRI or venlafaxine was still strongly associated with hyponatraemia after also controlling for age, sex, and depression status, consumption of other drugs potentially causative of hyponatraemia and medical illness severity (Odds Ratio (OR) 3.5, p = 0.008).ConclusionsSSRI and venlafaxine use is strongly associated with the presence of hyponatraemia in a population of elderly psychiatric inpatients and the association is not due to confounding by age, sex, depression status, medical illness severity or consumption of other drugs. Elderly patients on SSRIs or venlfaxine should have sodium levels checked before and after commencement of antidepressant treatment. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development and inter‐rater reliability of a standardized verbal instruction manual for the Chinese Geriatric Depression Scale—short form
Authors: Wong M. T. P. , Ho T. P. , Ho M. Y. , Yu C. S. , Wong Y. H. , Lee S. Y. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) is a common screening tool for elderly depression in Hong Kong. This study aimed at (1) developing a standardized manual for the verbal administration and scoring of the GDS‐SF, and (2) comparing the inter‐rater reliability between the standardized and non‐standardized verbal administration of GDS‐SF. Two studies were reported. In Study 1, the process of developing the manual was described. In Study 2, we compared the inter‐rater reliabilities of GDS‐SF scores using the standardized verbal instructions and the traditional non‐standardized administration. Results of Study 2 indicated that the standardized procedure in verbal administration and scoring improved the inter‐rater reliabilities of GDS‐SF. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Functional anatomy of syntactic and semantic processing in language comprehension
Authors: Luke Kang‐Kwong , Liu Ho‐Ling , Wai Yo‐Yo , Wan Yung‐Liang , Tan Li Hai 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study was conducted to map syntactic and semantic processes onto the brain. Chinese‐English bilingual subjects performed two experimental tasks: a syntactic plausibility judgment task in which they decided whether a viewed verb phrase was syntactically legal, and a semantic plausibility judgment task in which they decided whether a viewed phrase was semantically acceptable. A font size judgment task was used as baseline. It is found that a large‐scale distributed neural network covering the left mid‐inferior frontal and mid‐superior temporal cortices was responsible for the processing of Chinese phrases. The right homologue areas of these left cortical sites were also active, although the brain activity was obviously left‐lateralized. Unlike previous research with monolingual English speakers that showed that distinct brain regions mediate syntactic and semantic processing of English, the cortical sites contributing to syntactic analysis of Chinese phrases coincided with the cortical sites relevant to semantic analysis. Stronger brain activity, however, was seen in the left middle frontal cortex for syntactic processing (relative to semantic processing), whereas for semantic processing stronger cortical activations were shown in the left inferior prefrontal cortex and the left mid‐superior temporal gyri. The overall pattern of results indicates that syntactic processing is less independent in reading Chinese. This is attributable to the linguistic nature of the Chinese language that semantics and syntax are not always clearly demarcated. Equally interesting, we discovered that when our bilingual subjects performed syntactic and semantic acceptability judgments of English phrases, they applied the cerebral systems underlying Chinese reading to the processing of English. Hum. Brain Mapping 16:133–145, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.