bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parameters Influencing Space Charge Density in Vessels by Spraying Water
Authors: Baumann F , Schierding C , Himstedt M , Möckel D , Beyer M 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Spraying water in vessels generates electrostatically charged clouds of droplets. If the resulting space charge density is sufficiently high, brush discharges to conductive earthed parts may occur. In vessels where potentially explosive atmospheres might occur, the prevention of hazardous space charge density is required. This work gives an overview of all the relevant parameters that influence the space charge density. For this purpose, own measurements are presented and compared with knowledge from the literature. The measurements have been carried out with earthed vessels and nozzles built of conductive material. To take the state of the art into account, pump pressures of up to 2500 bar have been used. The result of this work provides support for dimensioning vessels and water spraying techniques to minimize the risk of ignition hazards due to brush discharges of the electrostatically charged clouds of droplets.
Effect of moisture content on the triboelectric charging of polymers
Authors: Dani Csaba , Zeghloul Thami , Lungu Mihai , Achouri Imed-Eddine , Aouimeur Djillali , Dascalescu Lucian 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The triboelectrostatic separation allows the sorting of granular polymers according to their contact charging characteristics. It consists in the appropriate triboelectric charging of particles, followed by their selective sorting in an electrostatic field. Exposed to a humid atmosphere, the polymer granules adsorb water moisture onto their surfaces, which modifies their charging characteristics, by improving the contact between surfaces. The present work was aimed at studying the effect of storage environmental conditions on the triboelectric charging of granular polymers in vibratory-type devices. Four granular different plastic wastes were placed in a climatic chamber and kept for 96 hours under controlled humidity, RH = 82% ± 4%, at 19 °C ± 1 °C. The measurement of the water content of the polymer granules pointed out an increase of at least 10% after 96 h of exposure to high relative humidity ambient conditions. The granules were successively charged by triboelectric effect in a vibratory device equipped with recipients in two different materials, at ambient conditions. The tribocharging efficiency was analyzed by measuring the electric charge of the granules with a Faraday pail connected to an electrometer. The thin water layer formed at the surface of the particle can explain their modified triboelectric behavior. The difference between the triboelectric charging behavior of “humid” and “normal” polymer granules depended also on the nature of the recipient of the tribocharging device.
Effect of atmospheric dielectric barrier discharge treatment on the triboelectric charging properties of brominated Polyethylene granules
Authors: Labiod Siham , Zeghloul Thami , Ziari Zehira , Bendilmi Mohamed-Sofiane , Dascalescu Lucian 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This paper aims to investigate the effect of dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma treatment on the triboelectric charging properties of granular materials containing brominated flame retardants (BFRs). This work focuses on the impact of treatment time and the applied voltage frequency. Experiments were carried out on Polyethylene (PE) particles containing 40000 ppm of bromine (PE 4.6 % of Hexabromobenzene) and BFR-free PE. The DBD treated particles were then charged by triboelectric effect in a multi-cylinder device. The triboelectric charge acquired by each sample was quantified using a Faraday cage connected to an electrometer. The humidity of the ambient air ranged between 51 % and 60 % and the temperature varied from 16.5 °C to 19 °C during the experiments. Results show the significant influence of DBD treatment time on the triboelectric charging of brominated and non-brominated PE granules. In case of brominated PE, the particles acquire less charge than the non-brominated ones. Furthermore, it was found that the charge of DBD-treated particles is influenced by the applied voltage frequency. The observed variation in triboelectric behavior may be attributed to the changes in the roughness and wettability of the polymer surface caused by DBD.
The generalized spring-loaded inverted pendulum model for analysis of various planar reduced-order models and for optimal robot leg design
Authors: Lu Wei-Chun , Lin Pei-Chun 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This paper proposes a generalized spring-loaded inverted pendulum (G-SLIP) model to explore various popular reduced-order dynamic models’ characteristics and suggest a better robot leg design under specified performance indices. The G-SLIP model’s composition can be varied by changing the model’s parameters, such as ground contacting type and spring property. It can be transformed into four widely used models: the spring-loaded inverted pendulum (SLIP) model, the two-segment leg model, the SLIP with rolling foot model, and the rolling SLIP model. The effects of rolling contact and spring configuration on the dynamic behavior and fixed-point distribution of the G-SLIP model were analyzed, and the basins of attraction of the four described models were studied. By varying the parameters of the G-SLIP model, the dynamic behavior of the model can be optimized. Optimized for general locomotion running at various speeds, the model provided leg design guidelines. The leg was empirically fabricated and installed on the hexapod for experimental evaluation. The results indicated that the robot with a designed leg runs faster and is more power-efficient.
Impact of anthropogenic warming on emergence of extreme precipitation over global land monsoon area
Authors: Moon Suyeon , Ha Kyung-Ja , Lee Sun-Seon 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Human activities have led to a global temperature increase, and the primary objective of the Paris Agreement is to limit this rise to 1.5 °C of warming level. Understanding the impact of global warming beyond preindustrial conditions on precipitation intensity is crucial for devising effective adaptation and mitigation strategies, particularly in densely populated global land monsoon (GLM) regions. However, the time of emergence (ToE) of extreme summer monsoon precipitation and its dependency on global warming targets has rarely been investigated. Using large ensemble simulations forced by the SSP3–7.0 scenario, we reveal that the impacts of anthropogenic forcing on extreme precipitation intensity become evident in GLM regions before 2050, accompanied by a sudden expansion in areas where the ToE of extreme precipitation occurs. Furthermore, our study demonstrates that achieving the Paris Agreement goal at 1.5 °C of global warming level can prevent the ToE of extreme precipitation in Asian and African monsoon regions. This, in turn, has the potential to halve the number (over one billion) of individuals exposed to extreme precipitation. These findings highlight the urgent need for action to mitigate the risk associated with anthropogenic warming induced climate change.
New horizons in the diagnosis and management of Alzheimer’s Disease in older adults
Authors: Dolphin Helena , Dyer Adam H , Morrison Laura , Shenkin Susan D , Welsh Tomas , Kennelly Sean P 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Alzheimer’s Disease (ad) is the most common cause of dementia, and in addition to cognitive decline, it directly contributes to physical frailty, falls, incontinence, institutionalisation and polypharmacy in older adults. Increasing availability of clinically validated biomarkers including cerebrospinal fluid and positron emission tomography to assess both amyloid and tau pathology has led to a reconceptualisation of ad as a clinical–biological diagnosis, rather than one based purely on clinical phenotype. However, co-pathology is frequent in older adults which influence the accuracy of biomarker interpretation. Importantly, some older adults with positive amyloid or tau pathological biomarkers may never experience cognitive impairment or dementia. These strides towards achieving an accurate clinical–biological diagnosis are occurring alongside recent positive phase 3 trial results reporting statistically significant effects of anti-amyloid Disease-Modifying Therapies (DMTs) on disease severity in early ad. However, the real-world clinical benefit of these DMTs is not clear and concerns remain regarding how trial results will translate to real-world clinical populations, potential adverse effects (including amyloid-related imaging abnormalities), which can be severe and healthcare systems readiness to afford and deliver potential DMTs to appropriate populations. Here, we review recent advances in both clinical–biological diagnostic classification and future treatment in older adults living with ad. Advocating for access to both more accurate clinical–biological diagnosis and potential DMTs must be done so in a holistic and gerontologically attuned fashion, with geriatricians advocating for enhanced multi-component and multi-disciplinary care for all older adults with ad. This includes those across the ad severity spectrum including older adults potentially ineligible for emerging DMTs.
Veterinary systems biology for bridging the phenotype–genotype gap via computational modeling for disease epidemiology and animal welfare
Authors: Pathak Rajesh Kumar , Kim Jun-Mo 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Veterinary systems biology is an innovative approach that integrates biological data at the molecular and cellular levels, allowing for a more extensive understanding of the interactions and functions of complex biological systems in livestock and veterinary science. It has tremendous potential to integrate multi-omics data with the support of vetinformatics resources for bridging the phenotype–genotype gap via computational modeling. To understand the dynamic behaviors of complex systems, computational models are frequently used. It facilitates a comprehensive understanding of how a host system defends itself against a pathogen attack or operates when the pathogen compromises the host’s immune system. In this context, various approaches, such as systems immunology, network pharmacology, vaccinology and immunoinformatics, can be employed to effectively investigate vaccines and drugs. By utilizing this approach, we can ensure the health of livestock. This is beneficial not only for animal welfare but also for human health and environmental well-being. Therefore, the current review offers a detailed summary of systems biology advancements utilized in veterinary sciences, demonstrating the potential of the holistic approach in disease epidemiology, animal welfare and productivity.
Learning by Stealth: Newly Qualified Social Workers’ Experiences of Navigating Health and Hospital Social Work
Authors: Davidson Danielle , Darracott Rosalyn 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Hospitals are known to be fast paced, multidisciplinary environments, which can be experienced as both challenging and fulfilling workplaces by social workers. Newly qualified social workers (NQSWs) are still learning how to be social work professionals through their engagement in and delivery of practice. Drawing on a larger pilot study conducted in Brisbane, Queensland, this article reports findings from a cohort of NQSW hospital social workers’ conceptualisation and responses to complexity. Findings indicate that within a hospital context, NQSWs learn how to be professional social workers through stealth due to the broader organisational factors surrounding their role. Whilst these organisational factors present challenges, participants enacted several adaptive strategies to manage their work. Yet, these strategies are not without their limitations. Implications are raised in terms of the need for more purposeful support and socialisation of NQSWs within hospital contexts.
Ready, Willing and Able? Local Perspectives on Implementing Prevention in Social Care in England
Authors: Marczak Joanna , Wistow Gerald , Fernandez Jose-Luis 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
There is a growing emphasis on prevention to reconcile demographic pressures, resource scarcity and expectations of better quality care and support. The Care Act 2014 placed a statutory duty on English local authorities to prevent and delay the development of needs for care and support. However, evidence suggests that the prevention approach has secured less impact than intended. Given that existing approaches have achieved such limited results, new ways of addressing this apparently intractable challenge should be considered. We argue here that theory-based models that support the understanding of, and responses to, implementation barriers and facilitators can provide tools to support the development of more successful implementation. Drawing on in-depth interviews (n = 20) in selected English councils and analyses of their policy documents, we explore the ‘Ready, Willing and Able’ (RWA) model, which posits that those three preconditions must be satisfied before new practices can be implemented sustainably. We argue that RWA can provide a straightforward and parsimonious framework for identifying implementation barriers and facilitators. Using the model to identify potential bottlenecks prior to the implementation can help local actors clarify baseline barriers to progress. RWA could help to inform opportunities to target identified problems, by reinforcing facilitators and moderating barriers.
Defining the cross-reactivity between peanut allergens Ara h 2 and Ara h 6 using monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Marini-Rapoport Orlee , Fernández-Quintero Monica L , Keswani Tarun , Zong Guangning , Shim Jane , Pedersen Lars C , Mueller Geoffrey A , Patil Sarita U 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In peanut allergy, Arachis hypogaea 2 (Ara h 2) and Arachis hypogaea 6 (Ara h 6) are two clinically relevant peanut allergens with known structural and sequence homology and demonstrated cross-reactivity. We have previously utilized X-ray crystallography and epitope binning to define the epitopes on Ara h 2. We aimed to quantitatively characterize the cross-reactivity between Ara h 2 and Ara h 6 on a molecular level using human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and structural characterization of allergenic epitopes. We utilized mAbs cloned from Ara h 2 positive single B cells isolated from peanut-allergic, oral immunotherapy–treated patients to quantitatively analyze cross-reactivity between recombinant Ara h 2 (rAra h 2) and Ara h 6 (rAra h 6) proteins using biolayer interferometry and indirect inhibitory ELISA. Molecular dynamics simulations assessed time-dependent motions and interactions in the antibody–antigen complexes. Three epitopes—conformational epitopes 1.1 and 3, and the sequential epitope KRELRNL/KRELMNL—are conserved between Ara h 2 and Ara h 6, while two more conformational and three sequential epitopes are not. Overall, mAb affinity was significantly lower to rAra h 6 than it was to rAra h 2. This difference in affinity was primarily due to increased dissociation of the antibodies from rAra h 6, a phenomenon explained by the higher conformational flexibility of the Ara h 6–antibody complexes in comparison to Ara h 2–antibody complexes. Our results further elucidate the cross-reactivity of peanut 2S albumins on a molecular level and support the clinical immunodominance of Ara h 2.
Evaluating the depression state during perinatal period by non-invasive scalp EEG
Authors: Peng Yueheng , Lv Bin , Yang Qingqing , Peng Yan , Jiang Lin , He Mengling , Yao Dezhong , Xu Wenming , Li Fali , Xu Peng 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Perinatal depression, with a prevalence of 10 to 20% in United States, is usually missed as multiple symptoms of perinatal depression are common in pregnant women. Worse, the diagnosis of perinatal depression still largely relies on questionnaires, leaving the objective biomarker being unveiled yet. This study suggested a safe and non-invasive technique to diagnose perinatal depression and further explore its underlying mechanism. Considering the non-invasiveness and clinical convenience of electroencephalogram for mothers-to-be and fetuses, we collected the resting-state electroencephalogram of pregnant women at the 38th week of gestation. Subsequently, the difference in network topology between perinatal depression patients and healthy mothers-to-be was explored, with related spatial patterns being adopted to achieve the classification of pregnant women with perinatal depression from those healthy ones. We found that the perinatal depression patients had decreased brain network connectivity, which indexed impaired efficiency of information processing. By adopting the spatial patterns, the perinatal depression could be accurately recognized with an accuracy of 87.88%; meanwhile, the depression severity at the individual level was effectively predicted, as well. These findings consistently illustrated that the resting-state electroencephalogram network could be a reliable tool for investigating the depression state across pregnant women, and will further facilitate the clinical diagnosis of perinatal depression.
An Intelligent Security System Using Enhanced Anomaly-Based Detection Scheme
Authors: Louati Faten , Barika Ktata Farah , Amous Ikram 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Ensuring the security of computer networks is of utmost importance, and intrusion detection plays a vital role in safeguarding these systems. Traditional intrusion detection systems (IDSs) often suffer from drawbacks like reliance on outdated rules and centralized architectures, limiting their performance in the face of evolving threats and large-scale data networks. To address these challenges, we present an advanced anomaly detection-based IDS that utilizes a decentralized communicative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL). In our approach, multiple reinforcement learning agents collaborate in intrusion detection, effectively mitigating the non-stationarity problem and introducing a specialized secure communication method. We further enhance the learning process by incorporating external knowledge. Our approach is evaluated through extensive experiments conducted on the benchmark NSL Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining dataset. These experiments encompass diverse scenarios, involving varying numbers of agents to prove scalability feature. The results underscore the effectiveness of our method, which surpasses the performance of existing state-of-the-art solutions based on MARL, achieving a high accuracy rate of 97.80%.
Borehole Depth Recognition Based on Improved YOLOX Detection
Authors: Ren Dawei , Meng Lingwei , Wang Rui 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This study proposes a method for recognizing the drill depth in low-light underground environments, with the aim of addressing the issues of low efficiency and susceptibility to manual changes in the current methods. The method is based on an improved You Only Look Once X model. Initially, image data undergo enhancement and annotation. Secondly, it incorporates an attention mechanism to improve the feature extraction capability. The feature pyramid is utilized to minimize feature loss and facilitate better multi-scale feature fusion. Additionally, the loss function is optimized to enhance the localization ability of the prediction box. The enhanced model achieves an accuracy of 91.3$\%$, representing a 4.4$\%$ increase compared to the pre-improvement performance, and demonstrates improved positioning accuracy. Successful drilling depth measurements were carried out with the acquired positioning information.
Temporal relationship between haemodynamic changes and activation of closed-loop stimulation during a tilt-induced vasovagal syncope
Authors: Russo Vincenzo , Tomaino Marco , Parente Erika , Comune Angelo , Giacopelli Daniele , Napoli Paola , Gargaro Alessio , Brignole Michele 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Aims
A dual-chamber pacemaker with closed-loop stimulation (CLS) mode is effective in reducing syncopal recurrences in patients with asystolic vasovagal syncope (VVS). In this study, we explored the haemodynamic and temporal relationship of CLS during a tilt-induced vasovagal reflex.

Methods and results
Twenty patients underwent a tilt test under video recording 3.9 years after CLS pacemaker implantation. Three patients were excluded from the analysis because of no VVS induced by the tilt test (n = 1) and protocol violation (n = 2). In 14 of the remaining 17 patients, CLS pacing emerged during the pre-syncopal phase of circulatory instability when the mean intrinsic heart rate (HR) was 88 ± 12 b.p.m. and systolic blood pressure (SBP) was 108 ± 19 mmHg. The CLS pacing rate thereafter rapidly increased to 105 ± 14 b.p.m. within a median of 0.1 min [inter-quartile range (IQR), 0.1–0.7 min] when the SBP was 99 ± 21 mmHg. At the time of maximum vasovagal effect (syncope or pre-syncope), SBP was 63 ± 17 mmHg and the CLS rate was 95 ± 13 b.p.m. The onset of CLS pacing was 1.7 min (IQR, 1.5–3.4) before syncope or lowest SBP. The total duration of CLS pacing was 5.0 min (IQR, 3.3–8.3). Closed-loop stimulation pacing was not observed in three patients who had a similar SBP decrease from 142 ± 22 mmHg at baseline to 69 ± 4 mmHg at the time of maximum vasovagal effect, but there was no significant increase in HR (59 ± 1 b.p.m.).

Conclusion
The reproducibility of a vasovagal reflex was high. High-rate CLS pacing was observed early during the pre-syncopal phase in most patients and persisted, although attenuated, at the time of maximum vasovagal effect.

Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT06038708
Inverse modelling and classification of magnetic responses to improve marine unexploded ordnance rationalization
Authors: Brighouse Jack , Wood Martin , McGregor Eoin , Kirkland Andrew , Sinclair David , Erbs-Hansen Dorthe Reng , Hviid Simon 
Published: February 2024

SUMMARY
Unexploded ordnance (UXO), often deployed in WWI and WWII, are still present on the seabed posing a risk to seabed construction. UXO surveys identify potential UXO targets which are then investigated and removed where necessary; however, approximately 96 per cent of targets investigated on projects included in this study were non-UXO (false positives). Here we investigate methods of improving statistical confidence in targets picked through the improved classification of magnetic response, utilizing simulation methods and historic data. A simulation of the induced magnetism of UXO was developed to model the most likely dimensions and orientation of a given source item. Modelling results and measured variables were combined in an optimization algorithm, hereon referred to as ‘the classifier’. We document the results of integrating the magnetic responses of 3027 targets from 18 offshore wind projects into the classifier. Five of these projects were performed as tests in which the target results were unknown during classification. Finally, the classifier was deployed on a live project, Hollandse Kust Zuid 3 and 4 Offshore Wind Farm, in which it enabled the removal of 67 targets from the from the 1200-target investigation list. The classifier proved to be a valuable additional tool to assist the target rationalization process, reliably and repeatably distinguishing UXO from other items, thereby reducing false positives and repeatably demonstrating no threshold UXO false negatives. Assumptions and limitations of this methodology were highlighted, which must be understood and considered when integrating this approach on future projects.