bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sustainable use of groundwater for irrigation: a numerical analysis of the subsoil water fluxes
Authors: Ahmad Mobin‐ud‐Din , Bastiaanssen W. G. M. , Feddes R. A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe food‐producing regions of the world increasingly rely on irrigation from groundwater resources. Further increases of groundwater use can adversely affect the sustainability of irrigated agriculture and put food security at risk. Sustainability of irrigation at field scale with groundwater is obtained if groundwater recharge is in equilibrium with tubewell extractions and capillary rise. Traditional information on phreatic surface behaviour does not explain the processes causing a phreatic surface to decline or incline. In this study, the physically based numerical model Soil–Water–Atmosphere–Plant (SWAP) was applied to compute soil moisture content and vertical soil water fluxes in the unsaturated zone for the cotton–wheat and rice–wheat cropping system of Punjab, Pakistan. SWAP has been calibrated and verified with in situ measurements of soil moisture content and evapotranspiration fluxes measured by means of the Bowen ratio surface energy balance technique. Accurate data of the soil hydraulic properties are critical for the calibration of the soil moisture distribution. With knowledge of the van Genuchten–Mualem parameters available, SWAP could be applied to assess recharge and capillary rise for most field conditions, including basin irrigation. The results under Pakistani conditions show that deep percolation cannot always be estimated from root zone water balances. An annual recharge of 23.3 cm was computed for the cotton–wheat area. Sustainability of irrigation with groundwater is obtained if a reduction in irrigation with groundwater by 36% is obtained. An annual recharge of 38.9 cm is estimated in rice–wheat systems, and a reduction of 62% in groundwater extraction is required to reach sustainability of groundwater use at field scale. Such information cannot be obtained from classical phreatic surface fluctuation data, and unsaturated zone modelling therefore provides additional insights for groundwater policy making. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bioactivity of three CaO–P2O5–SiO2 sol‐gel glasses
Authors: Salinas A. J. , Martin A. I. , Vallet‐Regí M. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThree gel glasses containing 25 mol % of CaO and SiO2 + P2O5 contents (in mol %): 75 + 0 (S75); 72.5 + 2.5 (S72.5P2.5); and 70 + 5 (S70P5), respectively, were obtained, characterized, and studied when soaked in a simulated body fluid (SBF). The influence of composition in both textural properties (surface area and porosity) and in vitro behavior of glasses was studied. In as prepared S72.5P2.5 and S70P5 glasses, crystalline phosphate nuclei were detected through XRD and FTIR. In addition, N2 adsorption and Hg porosimetry measurements showed that the surface area increased, whereas the pore volume and the pore diameter decreased as P2O5 in glasses increased. These variations were explained on the basis of the withdrawal of calcium from the glass silica network, due to the calcium‐phosphorous bonding. In vitro studies showed that the three compositions were bioactive, because an apatite layer was formed after soaking in SBF. S75 presented the highest initial reactivity but the lowest crystallization rate of the apatite‐like phase. For S72.5P2.5, and S70P5 the amorphous calcium phosphate formation was slower than for S75, but the crystallization of apatite was observed after shorter periods in SBF. Furthermore, after 7 days of soaking, the layer thickness decreased as P2O5 in glasses increased. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 61: 524–532, 2002
Mononuclear cell collection in patients undergoing extra‐corporeal photo‐chemotherapy for acute and chronic graft‐vs.‐host‐disease (GvHD): Comparison between COBE Spectra version 4.7 and 6.0 (AutoPBSC)
Authors: Perseghin Paolo , Dassi Maria , Balduzzi Adriana , Rovelli Attilio , Bonanomi Sonia , Uderzo Cornelio 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA constant improvement in the performance of blood cell separators has been observed in recent years, allowing better yields in peripheral blood stem cell collection (PBSC) either from healthy donors or for autologous purposes. Nevertheless, to our knowledge, no reports on the efficiency of mononuclear cell (MNC) collection in patients undergoing extra‐corporeal photochemotherapy (ECP) for graft‐vs.‐host‐disease (GvHD) have been published. We retrospectively investigated the efficiency of 167 MNC collections performed consecutively in 12 patients between January 1999 and June 2001 by means of the COBE Spectra version 4.7 (V 4.7) or version 6.0 (V 6.0), for 109 and 58 procedures, respectively. MNC fractional extraction (FE) was higher in the V 6.0 group compared to the V 4.7 group : 0.59 ± 0.21 vs. 0.51 ± 0.22 (P < 0.05). However, platelet contamination was lower in the products obtained with V.6.0 compared to those obtained with V.4.7: 740 ( 630 × 103/(L vs. 2,073 ( 1,429 × 103/(L (P < 0.05). Only two patients with acute GvHD, both from V 4.7 group, required post‐ECP platelet transfusion. The recently released version 6.0 allowed a satisfactory MNC yield with minimal platelet contamination in patients scheduled to undergo ECP for acute or chronic GvHD. J. Clin. Apheresis 17:65–71, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Retroviral mediated expression of the human myeloid nuclear antigen in a null cell line upregulates Dlk1 expression
Authors: Doggett Kevin L. , Briggs Judith A. , Linton MacRae F. , Fazio Sergio , Head David R. , Xie Jingping , Hashimoto Yuko , Laborda Jorge , Briggs Robert C. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe human myeloid nuclear differentiation antigen (MNDA) is a hematopoietic cell specific nuclear protein. MNDA and other related gene products interact with and alter the activity of a large number of proteins involved in regulating specific gene transcription. MNDA and related genes exhibit expression characteristics, which suggest functions unique to specific lineages of cells, in addition to mediating the effects of interferons. Cells of the human K562 myeloid line do not express MNDA and are relatively immature compared to lines that express MNDA (HL‐60, U937, and THP1). The hypothesis that MNDA influences the expression of specific genes was tested by creating MNDA expressing K562 cells using stable retroviral mediated gene transfer followed by evaluation of transcription profiles. Two macroarrays containing a total of 2,350 cDNAs of known genes showed a specific up‐regulation of Dlk1 expression in MNDA expressing K562 cell clones. Real time quantitative RT‐PCR analysis confirmed an average of over 3‐ and 7‐fold upregulation of Dlk1 in two clones of MNDA expressing K562 cells. The effects on Dlk1 were also confirmed by Northern blotting. Dlk1 is essential for normal hematopoiesis and abnormal expression is a proposed marker of myelodysplastic syndrome. Additional screening of transcription profiles after induced erythroid and megakaryoblastic differentiation showed no additional gene transcripts altered by the presence of MNDA. These results indicate that MNDA alters expression of a gene essential for normal hematopoiesis. J. Cell. Biochem. 86: 56–66, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Purification and characterization of protein tyrosine phosphatase PTP‐MEG2
Authors: Qi Ying , Zhao Runxiang , Cao Hongxi , Sui Xingwei , Krantz Sanford B. , Zhao Z. Joe 
Published: October 2002

AbstractPTP‐MEG2 is an intracellular protein tyrosine phosphatase with a putative lipid‐binding domain at the N‐terminus. The present study reports expression, purification, and characterization of the full‐length form of the enzyme plus a truncated form containing the catalytic domain alone. Full‐length PTP‐MEG2 was expressed with an adenovirus system and purified from cytosolic extracts of human 293 cells infected with the recombinant adenovirus. The purification scheme included chromatographic separation of cytosolic extracts on fast flow Q‐Sepharose, heparin‐agarose, l‐histidyldiazobenzylphosphonic acid agarose, and hydroxylapatite. The enrichment of PTP‐MEG2 from the cytosol was about 120‐fold. The truncated form of PTP‐MEG2 was expressed in E. coli cells as a non‐fusion protein and purified by using a chromatographic procedure similar to that used for the full‐length enzyme. The purified full‐length and truncated enzymes showed single polypeptide bands on SDS–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under reducing conditions and behaved as monomers on gel exclusion chromatography. With para‐nitrophenylphosphate and phosphotyrosine as substrates, both forms of the enzyme exhibited classical Michaelis‐Menten kinetics. Their responses to pH, ionic strength, metal ions, and protein phosphatase inhibitors are similar to those observed with other characterized tyrosine phosphatases. Compared with full‐length PTP‐MEG2, the truncated ΔPTP‐MEG2 displayed significantly higher Vmax and lower Km values, suggesting that the N‐terminal putative lipid‐binding domain may have an inhibitory role. The full‐length and truncated forms of PTP‐MEG2 were also expressed as GST fusion proteins in E. coli cells and purified to near homogeneity through affinity columns. However, the specific phosphatase activities of the GST fusion proteins were 10–25‐fold below those obtained with the correspondent non‐fusion proteins. J. Cell. Biochem. 86: 79–89, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of bone morphogenetic protein‐7 stimulation on osteoblasts cultured on different biomaterials
Authors: Açil Yahya , Springer Ingo N.G. , Broek Vanessa , Terheyden Hendrik , Jepsen Søren 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of an in vitro stimulation of human osteoblasts by recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐7 (rhBMP‐7) on the collagen types and the quantity of the collagen cross‐links synthesized in a three‐dimensional culture on various biomaterials for bone replacement. Trabecular bone chips were harvested from human iliac crests, and cell cultures were established at standard conditions. One hundred and fifty nanograms per milliliter of rhBMP‐7 was added. For the second passage a cell scraper was used to bring the cells into suspension, and 100 μl osteoblasts (at a density of 3.3 × 105) were transferred onto nine blocks of either Bio‐Oss®, Tutoplast®, or PepGen p‐15™. Blocks incubated with cells that were not treated with rhBMP‐7 served as controls. Cell colonization of the biomaterials was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) after a period of 2, 4, and 6 weeks. Throughout the experiment medium, supernatants were collected and collagen was characterized by sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS–PAGE). Finally, the collagen cross‐link residues hydroxylysylpyridinoline (HP) and lysylpyridinoline (LP) were quantified by HPLC. Within 4 weeks the cells became confluent on all of the studied biomaterials. All samples synthesized bone specific LP and collagen type I. However, in rhBMP‐7‐stimulated samples, the amount of HP and LP found was increased by 45% compared to non‐stimulated samples. Cell proliferation and collagen synthesis was similar on the different biomaterials, but was consistently reduced in specimen not stimulated with rhBMP‐7. In vitro stimulation of osteoblasts on Bio‐Oss, Tutoplast, or PepGen p‐15 with rhBMP‐7 and subsequent transplantation of the constructs might lead to an enhanced osseointegration of the biomaterials in vivo. J. Cell. Biochem. 86: 90–98, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization of the nuclear matrix proteins in a transgenic mouse model for prostate cancer
Authors: Leman Eddy S. , Arlotti Julie A. , Dhir Rajiv , Greenberg Norman , Getzenberg Robert H. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe nuclear matrix (NM) contains a number of proteins that have been found to be associated with transformation. We have previously identified changes in the NM associated with prostate cancer. In this study, we examine the molecular changes that are associated with prostate cancer development in transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate (TRAMP) model by studying the differences in the NM proteins (NMPs). We collected prostates from the TRAMP males at six critical time points: 6 weeks (puberty), 11 and 19 weeks (development of mild hyperplasia), 25 weeks (development of severe hyperplasia), 31 and 37 weeks (development of neoplasia). The nuclear matrices from the prostates collected at these time points were then isolated and the NMPs were characterized by high‐resolution two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis. We found three NMPs (E1A, E1B, and E1C) that were present in the 6‐week‐old prostate and two NMPs (E2A and E2B) that were present in the 11‐week‐old prostate. These NMPs were absent in the 31‐ and 37‐week‐old prostate. We also found five NMPs (E3A–E3E) that were present in the 31‐week‐old prostate, but absent in the earlier time points. In addition, three NMPs (Le1, Le2, Le3) were present at higher expression in the 6‐, 11‐, 19‐, and 25‐weeks old TRAMP prostates, but they were expressed lower during the development of neoplasia at 31‐ and 37‐weeks old. Identification of these NMPs permits the development of novel markers that can characterize various stages of prostate cancer development as well as potentially therapeutic targets. J. Cell. Biochem. 86: 203–212, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Crystal structure predictions using five space groups with two independent molecules. The case of small organic acids
Authors: Van Eijck Bouke P. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractCrystal structure generations with two independent molecules have been performed for a series of carboxylic acids, using a slightly modified version of the OPLS force field. It was found that in this way the experimental structures with one independent molecule were produced as special cases, except for the molecules with four or more internal degrees of freedom. This work shows that a search with two independent molecules in only five space groups, although costly in computer power, can automatically also find structures with one independent molecule in many supergroups. Considering the observed abundances of structural classes, such a search should cover more than 95% of the possible homomolecular crystal structures. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 4: 456–462, 2002; DOI 10.1002/jcc.10042
Mechanistic aspects of the dehydration and dehydrohalogenation of halo‐hydroxyformaldoxime conformers. A quantum chemical model study
Authors: Tsipis Athanassios C. , Tsipis Constantinos A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA detailed exploration of the configurational and conformational space of chloro‐ and bromo‐hydroxyformaldoximes,Xhfaox (X = Cl, Br) has been carried out with the aid of the B3LYP level of density functional theory, using the 6‐31G(d,p) basis set. The most stable configuration in each series of theClhfaoxandBrhfaoxconformers corresponds to theZ‐s‐cis, s‐transconfiguration, while the highest energyZ‐(s‐trans, s‐cis)conformers were found at 7.0(7.6) and 6.0(6.6) kcal mol−1, respectively, at the B3LYP(QCISD(T)) levels of theory. Saddle points were also located on the PES of theClhfaoxandBrhfaoxcompounds corresponding toZ‐(s‐cis, s‐cis)conformers at 13.8(14.9) and 13.6(14.6) kcal mol−1, respectively, at the B3LYP(QCISD(T)) levels. Upon dehydrationXhfaoxcould afford a number of isomeric CXNO species. The dehydration processes ofXhfaoxare predicted to be endothermic, the computed heats of reactions found in the range of 20.5 to 86.2 kcal mol−1and 15.9 to 100.4 kcal mol−1at the B3LYP and QCISD(T) levels, respectively. The reaction pathways for the addition of water to halo‐fulminates yielding the most stableXhfaoxconformers was predicted to be concerted with a single transition structure, but are asynchronous with activation barriers of 32.8 and 43.0 kcal mol−1for the chloro‐ and bromo‐derivatives, respectively. The PES governing the isomerization reactions of the CXNO isomers have also been calculated, and possible isomerization pathways have been delineated. Upon dehydrohalogenation theXhfaoxconformers yield hydroxy‐isocyanate or hydroxy‐fulminate, the former being more stable by 31.8(18.8) kcal mol−1at the B3LYP(QCISD(T)) levels of theory. The reaction pathways for the addition of HX to hydroxy‐isocyanate were predicted to be slightly exothermic, the heats of reactions being −3.2 and −5.5 kcal mol−1, respectively, and have to surmount high activation barriers of 39.7 and 35.0 kcal mol−1, respectively. Similarly, the addition of HX to hydroxy‐fulminate was predicted to be much more exothermic, the heats of reactions being −34.7 and −37.3 kcal mol−1, respectively, and have to surmount much lower activation barriers of only 10.5 and 7.5 kcal mol−1respectively, at the B3LYP level. Finally, calculated structures, relative stability, and bonding properties of all stationary points located on the PES of the systems and reactions studied are thoroughly discussed with respect to computed electronic properties. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 23: 1266–1280, 2002
Orthogonal double covers by super‐extendable cycles
Authors: Bey Christian , Hartmann Sven , Leck Uwe , Leck Volker 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAn Orthogonal Double Cover (ODC) of the complete graph Kn by an almost‐hamiltonian cycle is a decomposition of 2Kn into cycles of length n−1 such that the intersection of any two of them is exactly one edge. We introduce a new class of such decompositions. If n is a prime, the special structure of such a decomposition allows to expand it to an ODC of Kn+1 by an almost‐hamiltonian cycle. This yields the existence of an ODC of Kp+1 by an almost‐hamiltonian cycle for primes p of order 3 mod 4 and its eventual existence for arbitrary primes p. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs 10: 283–293, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jcd.10011
A conjecture on small embeddings of partial Steiner triple systems
Authors: Bryant Darryn 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA well‐known, and unresolved, conjecture states that every partial Steiner triple system of order u can be embedded in a Steiner triple system of order υ for all υ ≡ 1 or 3, (mod 6), υ ≥ 2u + 1. However, some partial Steiner triple systems of order u can be embedded in Steiner triple systems of order υ <2u + 1. A more general conjecture that considers these small embeddings is presented and verified for some cases. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs 10: 313–321, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jcd.10017
A longitudinal study of the effects of seizure symptoms on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory—2 (MMPI‐2) clinical interpretation
Authors: Derry Paul A. , Harnadek Michael C.S. , McLachlan Richard S. , Sontrop Jennifer , Blume Warren T. , Girvin John P. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis study investigated whether the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory—2 (MMPI‐2) items reflecting seizure symptoms spuriously inflate MMPI‐2 scores in persons with epilepsy. In a repeated measures prospective design, patients with epilepsy completed the MMPI‐2 prior to epilepsy surgery and again two years later when they were either seizure‐free or not seizure‐free. Compared to baseline scores, only seizure‐free patients showed a decline in endorsement of seizure items, and only on one scale, Hypochondriasis (Hs). Clinical profiles were not meaningfully different when readministered when seizures were no longer present. Moreover, profiles generated by individuals with and without seizures were not significantly different. We conclude the MMPI‐2 is a valid test in an epilepsy population, as seizure content did not alter its clinical interpretation. In using the MMPI‐2 in patients with epilepsy, a modest correction on the Hs and Schizophrenia (Sc) scales is warranted in selected cases. In MMPI‐2 research, assessing both statistical and clinical significance is recommended. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 58: 817‐826.
Integrating diversity and fostering interdependence: Ecological lessons learned about refugee participation in multiethnic communities
Authors: Goodkind Jessica R. , Foster‐Fishman Pennie G. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractCommunities in the United States are becoming increasingly diverse, in part, because of the continual resettlement of refugees and immigrants from around the world. The promotion of refugees' well‐being and integration depends upon how our communities value diversity and provide opportunities for meaningful involvement. However, refugees often face challenges to such involvement. An ecological perspective suggests that it is important to consider not only the characteristics of individuals but also to examine the extent to which particular settings are able to facilitate the participation of community members. The purpose of this study was to understand the participation experiences of 54 Hmong refugees living in multiethnic housing developments. Interviews revealed that while Hmong residents valued participation highly, most were excluded from meaningful avenues of participation because of multiple barriers, including language differences, time constraints, and discrimination. No supports to address these barriers existed in their communities. It is important to understand and build individuals' capacities to participate and communities' capacities to promote involvement, integrate diversity, and foster interdependence. Participation is fundamental to the process of enabling refugees to become an integral part of their new communities and is a potential way for them to regain a sense of control over their lives and the decisions that affect them. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Framing communication: Communicating the antismoking message effectively to all smokers
Authors: Wong Carissa O. , McMurray Nancy E. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThere is a need to effectively communicate the antismoking issue across all sectors of the community, particularly to smokers with no intentions to quit smoking. Information can be framed using positively or negatively focused language to communicate the message content with maximum effect. Current cigarette smokers, with and without intentions to quit smoking (N = 70), were asked to respond to a Quit Smoking message framed either positively (benefits of quitting) or negatively (costs of not quitting). Participants were assessed pre‐post message and at 3‐months follow‐up. Results obtained suggest message frames had differential effects on message processing and increasing smokers' self‐confidence to quit smoking. In particular, trends in results suggest smokers with and without intentions to quit smoking interacted differently to framed messages. These findings may facilitate the improvement of community‐based health communications, by encouraging the use of differential message frames to effectively communicate the antismoking information to encourage all smokers to stop smoking and discourage others from adopting the smoking behavior. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.