bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A generic pump‐free organ‐on‐a‐chip platform for assessment of intestinal drug absorption
Authors: Guo Yaqiong , Xie Yingying , Qin Jianhua 
Published: February 2024

AbstractOrgan‐on‐a‐chip technology has shown great potential in disease modeling and drug evaluation. However, traditional organ‐on‐a‐chip devices are mostly pump‐dependent with low throughput, which makes it difficult to leverage their advantages. In this study, we have developed a generic, pump‐free organ‐on‐a‐chip platform consisting of a 32‐unit chip and an adjustable rocker, facilitating high‐throughput dynamic cell culture with straightforward operation. By utilizing the rocker to induce periodic fluid forces, we can achieve fluidic conditions similar to those obtained with traditional pump‐based systems. Through constructing a gut‐on‐a‐chip model, we observed remarkable enhancements in the expression of barrier‐associated proteins and the spatial distribution of differentiated intestinal cells compared to static culture. Furthermore, RNA sequencing analysis unveiled enriched pathways associated with cell proliferation, lipid transport, and drug metabolism, indicating the ability of the platform to mimic critical physiological processes. Additionally, we tested seven drugs that represent a range of high, medium, and low in vivo permeability using this model and found a strong correlation between their Papp values and human Fa, demonstrating the capability of this model for drug absorption evaluation. Our findings highlight the potential of this pump‐free organ‐on‐a‐chip platform as a valuable tool for advancing drug development and enabling personalized medicine.
Effects of elevated CO2 concentration gradients on rice grain quality under two cultivation practices in cold region
Authors: Li Yuting , Liu Yi , Xie Feng , Han Xue , Feng Yongxiang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe effect of elevated atmospheric CO2 (eCO2) on rice (Oryza sativa L.) grain quality has been widely studied, but mostly under two contrasting levels of CO2 concentration. Our study was conducted in a new version of CO2 Gradient Tunnel (CGT) to study the responses of grain quality of japonica rice cv. Wuyoudao no.4 (WYD4) and Songjing no.9 (SJ9) to five CO2 concentrations (390–600 μmol·mol−1) gradient levels at two cultivation practices: traditional flooding (TF) and non‐flooded plastic film mulching (PM).FindingsThe results showed that the response of SJ9 to eCO2 was more pronounced under TF cultivation. When the CO2 concentration increased to 450 μmol·mol−1, the brown rice ratio and milled rice ratio of SJ9 decreased by 4.2% and 17.7%, respectively. However, when CO2 concentration increased to 600 μmol·mol−1, the brown rice ratio increased by 3.7%. These results reveal that different gradients of eCO2 have different effects on rice quality. Besides that, eCO2 decreased the nutritional quality of SJ9 by decreasing the protein content and amylose content, while eCO2 improved rice appearance and eating quality. Different from SJ9, when CO2 concentration increased to 500–600 μmol·mol–1, the milled rice ratio and head rice ratio of WYD4 increased by 5.9%–7.5% and 16.7%–19.5% under PM cultivation. Furthermore, eCO2 decreased the chalky grain rate or chalkiness by 34.5%–80.5% and 53.1%–77.1%, respectively.ConclusionsUnder PM cultivation, the rice milling quality and appearance quality of WYD4 were promoted by eCO2. Rice nutritional quality was significantly decreased in both cultivation practices. In the comparison of rice quality between the two cultivations, except for rice eating quality, the other grain quality parameters of SJ9 under PM cultivation were better than those under TF cultivation. The opposite was true for WYD4.Significance and NoveltyUnder future production conditions with eCO2, the high‐yielding SJ9 cultivar is more suitable for water‐saving cultivation with mulching film, while the high‐quality WYD4 is suitable for TF cultivation.
Association between performance measures and clinical outcomes in patients with heart failure in China: Results from the HERO study
Authors: Zheng Shiyue , Li Li , Jiang Chao , He Liu , Lai Yiwei , Li Wenjie , Zhao Xiaoyan , Wang Xiaofang , Li Ling , Du Xin , Ma Changsheng , Dong Jianzeng 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundThere is great heterogeneity in the quality of care among hospitals in China, but studies on the performance measures and prognosis of patients with heart failure (HF) are still deficient.HypothesisPerformance measures have been used as a guideline to clinicans, however, the association between them and outcomes among HF patients in China remains unclear.MethodsWe analyzed 4497 patients with HF from the Heart Failure Registry of Patient Outcomes study. Performance measures were determined according to the guidelines, and the patients were divided into four groups based on a composite performance score. Multiple imputation and Cox proportional‐hazard regression models were used to assess the association between the performance measures and clinical outcomes.ResultsOverall, only 12.5% of patients met the top 25% of the performance measures, whereas 33.5% of patients met the bottom 25% of the measures. A total of 992 (22.2%) patients died within 1 year, involving a larger proportion of patients who had met only the bottom 25% of the performance measures than had met the top 25% (27.0% vs. 16.3%, respectively). The patients who met the top 25% of the measures had a lower 1‐year mortality rate (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.78, 95% confidence interval: 0.61–0.98).ConclusionsThe association between performance measures and mortality appeared to follow a dose–response pattern with a larger degree of compliance with performance measures being associated with a lower mortality rate in patients with HF. Accordingly, the quality of care for patients with HF in China needs to be further improved.
The association of tadalafil exposure with lower rates of major adverse cardiovascular events and mortality in a general population of men with erectile dysfunction
Authors: Kloner Robert A. , Stanek Eric , Desai Karishma , Crowe Christopher L. , Paige Ball Kathryn , Haynes Aaron , Rosen Raymond C. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundTadalafil is a long‐acting phosphodiesterase‐5 inhibitor (PDE‐5i) indicated for erectile dysfunction (ED).HypothesisOur hypothesis was that tadalafil will reduce the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE: composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization, unstable angina, heart failure, stroke) and all‐cause death in men with ED.MethodsA retrospective observational cohort study was conducted in a large US commercial insurance claims database in men with a diagnosis of ED without prior MACE within 1 year. The exposed group (n = 8156) had ≥1 claim for tadalafil; the unexposed group (n = 21 012) had no claims for any PDE‐5i.ResultsPrimary outcome was MACE; secondary outcome was all‐cause death. Groups were matched for cardiovascular risk factors, including preventive therapy. Over a mean follow‐up of 37 months for the exposed group and 29 months for the unexposed group, adjusted rates of MACE were 19% lower in men exposed to tadalafil versus those unexposed to any PDE‐5i (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.81; 95% confidence intervals [CI] = 0.70−0.94; p = .007). Tadalafil exposure was associated with lower adjusted rates of coronary revascularization (HR = 0.69; 95% CI = 0.52−0.90; p = .006); unstable angina (HR = 0.55; 95% CI = 0.37−0.81; p = .003); and cardiovascular‐related mortality (HR = 0.45; CI = 0.22−0.93; p = .032). Overall mortality rate was 44% lower in men exposed to tadalafil (HR = 0.56; CI = 0.43−0.74; p < .001). Men in the highest quartile of tadalafil exposure had the lowest rates of MACE (HR: 0.40; 95% CI: 0.28−0.58; p < .001) compared to lowest exposure quartile.ConclusionIn men with ED, exposure to tadalafil was associated with significant and clinically meaningful lower rates of MACE and overall mortality.
Processing‐in‐memory based multilateration localization in wireless sensor networks using memristor crossbar arrays
Authors: Mohammed Siyad B. , Mohan Ramasundaram 
Published: February 2024

SummaryMost of the multilateration algorithms for object localization rely heavily on matrix multiplication for calculating the precise location of the target from all the reference points in a 3D domain. A significant disadvantage is that performing matrix multiplication can be computationally expensive, particularly for larger matrices, leading to slower performance and longer processing times. In this article, we propose a Processing‐in‐Memory (PIM) based localization approach for multilateration using a memristor crossbar array for performing faster matrix multiplication. The experiments were conducted on real‐time data collected through ultra‐wideband (UWB) chip. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed model is around 50% faster than the fastest known localization algorithm considered for evaluation and exhibits an average of 55% improvement in localization accuracy.
The Norbornadiene/Quadricyclane Pair as Molecular Solar Thermal Energy Storage System: Surface Science Investigations
Authors: Hemauer Felix , Steinrück Hans‐Peter , Papp Christian 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFor the transition to renewable energy sources, novel energy storage materials are more important than ever. This review addresses so‐called molecular solar thermal (MOST) systems, which appear very promising since they combine light harvesting and energy storing in one‐photon one‐molecule processes. The focus is on norbornadiene (NBD), a particularly interesting candidate, which is converted to the strained valence isomer quadricyclane (QC) upon irradiation. The stored energy can be released on demand. The energy‐releasing cycloreversion from QC to NBD can be initiated by a thermal, catalytic, or electrochemical trigger. The reversibility of the energy storage and release cycles determines the general practicality of a MOST system. In the search for derivatives, which enable large‐scale applications, fundamental surface science studies help to assess the feasibility of potential substituted NBD/QC couples. We include investigations under well‐defined ultra‐high vacuum (UHV) conditions as well as experiments in liquid phase. Next to the influence of the catalytically active surfaces on the isomerization between the two valence isomers, information on adsorption geometries, thermal stability limits, and reaction pathways of the respective molecules are discussed. Moreover, laboratory‐scaled test devices demonstrate the proof of concept in various areas of application.
Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production from Pure Water Using a IEF‐11/g‐C3N4 S‐Scheme Heterojunction
Authors: Qian An , Han Xin , Liu Qiaona , Fan Minwei , Ye Lei , Pu Xin , Chen Ying , Liu Jichang , Sun Hui , Zhao Jigang , Ling Hao , Wang Rongjie , Li Jiangbing , Jia Xin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractConstruction of S‐scheme heterojunction offers a promising way to enhance the photocatalytic performance of photocatalysts for converting solar energy into chemical energy. However, the photocatalytic H2 production in pure water without sacrificial agents is still a challenge. Herein, the IEF‐11 with the best photocatalytic H2 production performance in MOFs and suitable band structure was selected and firstly constructed with g‐C3N4 to obtain a S‐scheme heterojunction for photocatalytic H2 production from pure water. As a result, the novel IEF‐11/g‐C3N4 heterojunction photocatalysts exhibited significantly improved photocatalytic H2 production performance in pure water without any sacrificial agent, with a rate of 576 μmol/g/h, which is about 8 times than that of g‐C3N4 and 23 times of IEF‐11. The novel IEF‐11/g‐C3N4 photocatalysts also had a photocatalytic H2 production rate of up to 92 μmol/g/h under visible light and a good photocatalytic stability. The improved performance can be attributed to the efficient separation of photogenerated charge carriers, faster charge transfer efficiency and longer photogenerated carrier lifetimes, which comes from the forming of S‐scheme heterojunction in the IEF‐11/g‐C3N4 photocatalyst. This work is a promising guideline for obtaining MOF‐based or g‐C3N4‐based photocatalysts with great photocatalytic water splitting performance.
Drivers of desert plant beta diversity on the Qinghai–Tibet plateau
Authors: Wen Lu , Zhao Kexuan , Sun Haoyu , Feng Gang , Sun Qiang , Liang Cunzhu , Li Zhiyong , Wang Lixin , Svenning Jens‐Christian 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe desert ecosystem of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP) is an important component of China's desert ecosystem. Studying the mechanisms shaping the taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional beta diversity of plant communities in the QTP desert will help us to promote scientific conservation and management of the region's biodiversity. This study investigated the effects of environmental (including altitude, climate factors, and soil factors) and geographic distances on three facets of beta diversity as well as their turnover and nestedness components based on field survey data. The results showed that turnover components dominate the three facets of beta diversity. However, the turnover contributions to phylogenetic and functional beta diversity were lower than for taxonomic beta diversity. Environmental distance had a greater influence than geographic distance, with the former uniquely explaining 15.2%–22.8% of beta diversity and the latter explaining only 1.7%–2.4%. Additionally, the explanatory power of different factors for beta diversity differed between herbs and shrubs, with environmental distance being more important for the latter. Distance‐based redundancy analysis suggested that soil total potassium content had a substantial impact on the beta diversity of three dimensions, with mean temperature of the coldest month and soil total phosphorus content having a substantial impact on taxonomic and functional beta diversity as well. Our results support that environmental sorting plays a predominant role in shaping plant community composition across QTP desert ecosystems. To maintain the plant diversity of this region, it is crucial to prioritize the conservation of its diverse environmental conditions and actively mitigate its degradation by anthropogenic pressures.
Developmental temperature, more than long‐term evolution, defines thermal tolerance in an estuarine copepod
Authors: Ashlock Lauren , Darwin Chelsea , Crooker Jessica , deMayo James , Dam Hans G. , Pespeni Melissa 
Published: February 2024

AbstractClimate change is resulting in increasing ocean temperatures and salinity variability, particularly in estuarine environments. Tolerance of temperature and salinity change interact and thus may impact organismal resilience. Populations can respond to multiple stressors in the short‐term (i.e., plasticity) or over longer timescales (i.e., adaptation). However, little is known about the short‐ or long‐term effects of elevated temperature on the tolerance of acute temperature and salinity changes. Here, we characterized the response of the near‐shore and estuarine copepod, Acartia tonsa, to temperature and salinity stress. Copepods originated from one of two sets of replicated >40 generation‐old temperature‐adapted lines: ambient (AM, 18°C) and ocean warming (OW, 22°C). Copepods from these lines were subjected to one and three generations at the reciprocal temperature. Copepods from all treatments were then assessed for differences in acute temperature and salinity tolerance. Development (one generation), three generations, and >40 generations of warming increased thermal tolerance compared to Ambient conditions, with development in OW resulting in equal thermal tolerance to three and >40 generations of OW. Strikingly, developmental OW and >40 generations of OW had no effect on low salinity tolerance relative to ambient. By contrast, when environmental salinity was reduced first, copepods had lower thermal tolerances. These results highlight the critical role for plasticity in the copepod climate response and suggest that salinity variability may reduce copepod tolerance to subsequent warming.
Pace and parity predict the short‐term persistence of small plant populations
Authors: DePrenger‐Levin Michelle , Wunder Michael B. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractLife history traits are used to predict asymptotic odds of extinction from dynamic conditions. Less is known about how life history traits interact with stochasticity and population structure of finite populations to predict near‐term odds of extinction. Through empirically parameterized matrix population models, we study the impact of life history (reproduction, pace), stochasticity (environmental, demographic), and population history (existing, novel) on the transient population dynamics of finite populations of plant species. Among fast and slow pace and either a uniform or increasing reproductive intensity or short or long reproductive lifespan, slow, semelparous species are at the greatest risk of extinction. Long reproductive lifespans buffer existing populations from extinction while the odds of extinction of novel populations decrease when the reproductive effort is uniformly spread across the reproductive lifespan. Our study highlights the importance of population structure, pace, and two distinct aspects of parity for predicting near‐term odds of extinction.
Trophic lengthening triggered by filamentous, N2‐fixing cyanobacteria disrupts pelagic but not benthic food webs in a large estuarine ecosystem
Authors: Steinkopf Markus , Krumme Uwe , Schulz‐Bull Detlef , Wodarg Dirk , Loick‐Wilde Natalie 
Published: February 2024

AbstractEutrophication, increased temperatures and stratification can lead to massive, filamentous, N2‐fixing cyanobacterial (FNC) blooms in coastal ecosystems with largely unresolved consequences for the mass and energy supply in food webs. Mesozooplankton adapt to not top‐down controlled FNC blooms by switching diets from phytoplankton to microzooplankton, resulting in a directly quantifiable increase in its trophic position (TP) from 2.0 to as high as 3.0. If this process in mesozooplankton, we call trophic lengthening, was transferred to higher trophic levels of a food web, a loss of energy could result in massive declines of fish biomass. We used compound‐specific nitrogen stable isotope data of amino acids (CSIA) to estimate and compare the nitrogen (N) sources and TPs of cod and flounder from FNC bloom influence areas (central Baltic Sea) and areas without it (western Baltic Sea). We tested if FNC‐triggered trophic lengthening in mesozooplankton is carried over to fish. The TP of cod from the western Baltic (4.1 ± 0.5), feeding mainly on decapods, was equal to reference values. Only cod from the central Baltic, mainly feeding on zooplanktivorous pelagics, had a significantly higher TP (4.6 ± 0.4), indicating a strong carry‐over effect trophic lengthening from mesozooplankton. In contrast, the TP of molluscivorous flounder, associated with the benthic food web, was unaffected by trophic lengthening and quite similar reference values of 3.2 ± 0.2 in both areas. This suggests that FNC blooms lead to a large loss of energy in zooplanktivorous but not in molluscivorous mesopredators. If FNC blooms continue to trigger the detour of energy at the base of the pelagic food web due to a massive heterotrophic microbial system, the TP of cod will not return to lower TP values and the fish stock not recover. Monitoring the TP of key species can identify fundamental changes in ecosystems and provide information for resource management.
Experiment and numerical simulation on the performance of multiple unidirectional single‐particle dampers under seismic excitation
Authors: Wang Bao‐shun , Xue Jian‐yang , Wei Jing‐hui , Liu Kang , Zhou Rui 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study designed and manufactured a 1/5‐scale model of a three‐story steel frame structure. Various types of ground motions, including non‐long period (NLP) ground motions, near‐fault pulse type (NFPT) ground motions, and non‐pulse long‐period (NPLP) ground motions, were selected following the site conditions of the structure. The multiple unidirectional single‐particle damper (MUSPD) and its layout schemes were then designed. A series of shaking table tests for the three‐story steel frame with and without MUSPD were performed. Subsequently, a mechanical model of the multi‐degree‐of‐freedom structure with MUSPDs was established, and a corresponding numerical simulation method was proposed. The results revealed that MUSPDs achieved an average damping rate of 18.24% for peak and 27.41% for Root Mean Square (RMS). Notably, MUSPD exhibited a superior damping effect on the RMS of the structure compared to the peak. The distributing floor particle mass according to the first‐order mode of the structure resulted in excellent damping performance. Additionally, determining the particle movement distance for each floor involved calculating the optimal distance using a single‐degree‐of‐freedom structure. MUSPDs exhibited a better damping effect under NLP ground motions compared to NFPT and NPLP ground motions. The shaking table test results confirmed the rationality and feasibility of the proposed numerical simulation method, demonstrating a high level of accuracy.
Bioprinted research models of urological malignancy
Authors: Wang Guanyi , Mao Xiongmin , Wang Wang , Wang Xiaolong , Li Sheng , Wang Zijian 
Published: February 2024

AbstractUrological malignancy (UM) is among the leading threats to health care worldwide. Recent years have seen much investment in fundamental UM research, including mechanistic investigation, early diagnosis, immunotherapy, and nanomedicine. However, the results are not fully satisfactory. Bioprinted research models (BRMs) with programmed spatial structures and functions can serve as powerful research tools and are likely to disrupt traditional UM research paradigms. Herein, a comprehensive review of BRMs of UM is presented. It begins with a brief introduction and comparison of existing UM research models, emphasizing the advantages of BRMs, such as modeling real tissues and organs. Six kinds of mainstream bioprinting techniques used to fabricate such BRMs are summarized with examples. Thereafter, research advances in the applications of UM BRMs, such as culturing tumor spheroids and organoids, modeling cancer metastasis, mimicking the tumor microenvironment, constructing organ chips for drug screening, and isolating circulating tumor cells, are comprehensively discussed. At the end of this review, current challenges and future development directions of BRMs and UM are highlighted from the perspective of interdisciplinary science.