bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Graft-Versus-Lymphoma Effect in Relapsed Peripheral T-Cell Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas After Reduced-Intensity Conditioning Followed by Allogeneic Transplantation of Hematopoietic Cells
Authors: Corradini Paolo , Dodero Anna , Zallio Francesco , Caracciolo Daniele , Casini Marco , Bregni Marco , Narni Franco , Patriarca Francesca , Boccadoro Mario , Benedetti Fabio , Rambaldi A. , Gianni Alessandro M. , Tarella Corrado 
Published: May 2004

Purpose Peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCLs) are a heterogeneous group of malignancies characterized by a poor prognosis. We performed a pilot study to investigate the role of reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) followed by allogeneic stem-cell transplantation in relapsed or refractory PTCLs. Patients and Methods We have conducted a phase II trial on 17 patients receiving salvage chemotherapy followed by RIC and allogeneic transplantation of hematopoietic cells. The RIC regimen consisted of thiotepa, fludarabine, and cyclophosphamide. The acute graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis consisted of cyslosporine and short course methotrexate. Results Patients had a median age of 41 years (range, 23 to 60 years). Two patients were primary chemorefractory, and 15 had relapsed disease; eight patients (47%) had a disease relapse after an autologous transplantation. After a median follow-up of 28 months from the day of study entry (range, 3 to 57 months), 14 of 17 patients were alive (12 in complete remission, one in partial remission, and one with stable disease), two died as a result of progressive disease, and one died as a result of sepsis concomitant to acute graft-versus-host disease. The estimated 3-year overall and progression-free survival rates were 81% (95% CI, 62% to 100%) and 64% (95% CI, 39% to 89%), respectively. The estimated probability of nonrelapse mortality at 2 years was 6% (95% CI, 1% to 17%). Donor lymphocyte infusions induced a response in two patients progressing after allografting. Conclusion RIC followed by allogeneic stem-cell transplantation is feasible, has a low treatment-related mortality, and seems to be a promising salvage treatment for relapsed PTCL. These findings suggest that the existence of a graft-versus-T-cell lymphoma effect.
Hofmeister Ion Effects on the Phase Diagrams of Water-Propylene Glycol Propyl Ethers
Authors: Bauduin Pierre , Wattebled Laurent , Touraud Didier , Kunz Werner 
Published: May 2004

Abstract
The influence of different salts on the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of mixtures of propylene glycol propyl ether and of dipropylene glycol propyl ether with water was determined experimentally. It was observed that the temperature shifts follow precisely the same Hofmeister series for anions that was originally found for salting-in and salting-out effects for protein solutions. The results are similar to the observations found for mixtures of water with non-ionic surfactants. In the case of dipropylene glycol propyl ether mixtures with water, temperature dependent phase diagrams in the presence of one salting-in (NaSCN) and one salting-out (Na2SO4) salt were measured at a fixed salt concentration in water of 0.041 M. The results can be qualitatively understood by assuming a different hydrophobicity for both types of salts. They further hint at a strong degree of solute determined cooperative water structure.
The Liquid Structure of Various Nitriles andN,N-Dimethylformamide Studied by the X-Ray Diffraction Method Using a CCD Detector
Authors: Katayama Misaki , Komori Kohei , Ozutsumi Kazuhiko , Ohtaki Hitoshi 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe liquid structure of acetonitrile (AN), propionitrile (PN), acrylonitrile (ACN), and benzonitrile (BN) was investigated by the transmission mode X-ray diffraction method with a newly developed CCD detector at room temperature and one atmospheric pressure. The nitriles were shielded in a thin wall glass tube. The reduced intensities,si(s), extracted from the measured intensities were compared with those obtained by the X-ray diffraction measurements with the θ–θ type reflection mode for benzonitrile andN,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) as the reference. In all the nitriles it was found that molecules are arrayed in the zigzag form as found in previous studies for AN. The non-bonding N···C (nitrile carbon) distance between the anti-parallel adjacent molecules was 340 pm for all nitriles. The intermolecular C···C distance between next neighbour molecules was 420 pm for CH2···CH2in AN, 430 pm for CH3···CH3in PN, 425 pm for CH···CH in ACN, and 390 pm for C6H5···C6H5in BN. The short C6H5···C6H5distance was explained in terms of theπ–πstacking interactions of the aromatic rings. DMF molecules interact each other through dipole–dipole interactions, and the O···C distance of 320 pm at the O···H–CO– interaction through the formyl proton may partly contribute to the intermolecular interactions. The distance between parallel DMF molecules in a plane was estimated to be 743 pm. The diffraction data were well explained in terms of a weak layered structure of DMF, and the layers were separated by about 365 pm.
Single Ionic Volumes in Acetonitrile–Organic Cosolvent Mixtures at 298.15 K
Authors: Piekarski Henryk , Piekarska Alina , Kubalczyk Kinga 
Published: May 2004

Abstract
Densities of binary nonaqueous mixtures of acetonitrile (AN) with 2-methoxyethanol (ME), N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA) and propylene carbonate (PC) were determined over the whole composition range at 298.15 K. The excess molar volumes and the partial molar volumes of both components were calculated from these data. Densities of solutions of NaI, NaBPh4 and Ph4PI in solvent mixtures AN + ME and AN + DMA and of NaI solutions in mixtures of AN + PC were measured over the whole composition range of the mixed solvents at an electrolyte concentration equal 0.05 mol dm−3. From these densities, apparent molar volumes of electrolytes and ions were evaluated and analyzed. The relationship between the apparent molar volumes of ions and (κT
/ε) parameter was tested and discussed.
Brownian Simulations Contribution to the Study of Ionic Dynamics in Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Jardat Marie , Turq Pierre 
Published: May 2004

Abstract
We review some results concerning the dynamics of ionic solutions that we have recently obtained by Brownian dynamics simulations; we also present new results concerning the dynamical behavior of asymmetrical electrolytes (1–10 and 2–20 electrolytes). The Brownian dynamics treats the solution in the framework of the continuous solvent model, with a ‘soft-core’ version of the primitive model. Both direct interactions and hydrodynamic interactions between solutes are taken into account in the calculations. The method allows one to obtain the self-diffusion coefficient of each ion and the electrical conductivity of the solution. The computed transport coefficients are in good agreement with experimental determinations in various cases (in aqueous solutions of 1–1 electrolytes as well as in aqueous solutions of micelles). We show that hydrodynamic interactions must be taken into account to obtain electrical conductivities in agreement with experiments. The effect of hydrodynamic interactions on the self-diffusion is also striking, especially in solutions of asymmetrical electrolytes. If this effect remains weak in simple electrolyte solutions and for small ions in 1–20 and 2–20 electrolyte solutions, it is great for macroions in latter solutions (increase of about 15 to 40%).
Effects of Polarization on the Extents and Kinetics of Adsorption of Ionic and Neutral Aromatic Heterocyclics Exhibiting Orientation Transitions at a Porous C Electrode
Authors: Conway Brian E. , Niu Jianjun 
Published: May 2004

Abstract
Comparative investigations of the adsorption and electrosorption of the heterocyclic compounds, pyridine, 1,4-pyrazine and 1-quinoline, and their orientation behaviours in an high specific-area C-cloth/H2O interphase, directly related to the replacement of preadsorbed and field-oriented solvent (H2O) molecules by oriented adsorbates themselves, have been carried out by means of in situ UV spectrophotometry conducted under positive or negative electric polarization at the C-cloth as an electrode. Surface charge, dipole moment of the adsorbate, polarization mode, acidity of the solution (leading to cation formation) and hydrophilic/hydrophobic properties of the adsorbed molecules in relation to the solvent (H2O vs. non-aqueous) are found to have important influences on these processes and hence govern the experimentally measurable extents and rates of their adsorption. The adsorption and orientation effects were indicated by evaluation of surface-dipole potential changes represented by Esin and Markov (EM)-type effects. Different adsorption and orientation processes amongst the three adsorbates, together with the possible rearrangement of the adsorbed molecules, were revealed by changes of the observed EM effects. The preferred adsorption/electrosorption behaviour arises by either “combined adsorption” (CAD) (i.e. combination of adsorption on open-circuit with electrosorption upon subsequent polarization) or by “alternate polarization electrosorption” (APE) (i.e. electrosorption by periodically reversed direction of polarization, between positive and negative, in one adsorption experiment). Negative-current polarization in a single transient also led to similar results for effective adsorptive removal of 1-quinoline from aqueous solution. Major differences of adsorption arise between neutral pyridine and its cation in acidic solution, including the effect of electrode polarization.
Comparison of Risperidone with Olanzapine in Elderly Patients with Dementia and Psychosis
Authors: Ellingrod Vicki L. , Schultz Susan K. , Ekstam‐Smith Karen , Kutscher Eric , Turvey Carolyn , Arndt Stephan 
Published: May 2004

Study Objectives. To compare the effects of risperidone and olanzapine on cognition in elderly patients with dementia and psychosis, and to compare the side effects of these drugs.Design. Single‐blind, multicenter, observational study.Setting. Four rural nursing care facilities.Patients. Nineteen elderly patients with dementia and psychosis.Intervention. Eleven patients were treated with risperidone, eight with olanzapine.Measurements and Main Results. Rating assessments were completed at baseline, 1 month, and 2 months. Simple paired and unpaired t tests determined between‐ and within‐group differences. Social functioning, including activities of daily living, improved over baseline in both groups (p=0.03). Cognition declined significantly (p<0.05) in the risperidone group; comparatively more side effects occurred and blood pressure decreased (p<0.05) in the olanzapine group. When compared with each group cross‐sectionally at baseline and end point, however, the two groups did not differ significantly.Conclusion. Improvements in social functioning in all 19 patients suggest that both risperidone and olanzapine may help improve functioning in elderly patients with dementia and psychosis. Cognitive and side effect profiles of these drugs may differ substantially. Further study is needed to determine patient subpopulations who may be able to tolerate one drug over another.
Extended‐Spectrum β‐Lactamases: Frequency, Risk Factors, and Outcomes
Authors: Einhorn Allison E. , Neuhauser Melinda M. , Bearden David T. , Quinn John P. , Pendland Susan L. 
Published: May 2004

Study Objective. To determine epidemiologic factors of extended‐spectrum β‐lactamase (ESBL)‐producing Escherichia coli or Klebsiella pneumoniae in a nonoutbreak setting.Design. Retrospective analysis.Setting. University teaching hospital.Patients. Fifty‐seven patients with cultures of presumed ESBL‐producing (i.e., ceftazidime‐resistant) E. coli or K. pneumoniae.Interventions. To determine overall frequency, institutional antibiograms from 1991–1999 were examined for percentage of isolates with ceftazidime resistance. Medical records from January 1997–June 2000 were reviewed for patient demographics, comorbidities, culture site, antimicrobial therapy, and clinical and microbiologic outcomes.Measurements and Main Results. From 1991–1999, frequency increased from undetectable to 4% for ceftazidime‐resistant E. coli and from 2% to 6% for ceftazidime‐resistant K. pneumoniae. Seventy‐one isolates were identified in the 57 patients with presumed ESBL‐producing E. coli or K. pneumonia. Fifty‐one isolates (72%) were E. coli, with urine the primary site of infection (62%). Eighty‐six percent of patients had known risk factors for infection due to ESBL‐producing organisms, including hospitalization (37 patients) and residence in long‐term care facilities (12 patients). However, in 14% (8 patients), the infection was community acquired in patients who resided at home.Conclusion. In addition to known populations at risk, ambulatory patients with chronic conditions represent another patient population that may harbor ESBL‐producing organisms.
Maintenance of Low‐Density Lipoprotein Goal with Step‐Down Pravastatin Therapy
Authors: Graham Maqual R. , Lindsey Cameron C. , Kennedy James A. 
Published: May 2004

Study Objective. To determine whether patients who had achieved their National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP)‐derived goals for low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol with pravastatin would benefit from step‐down therapy.Design. Prospective, randomized, open‐label study.Setting. Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center.Patients. One hundred four men who were taking pravastatin once/day and had maintained their NCEP‐defined LDL goal for at least 3 months.Intervention. Fifty‐three patients were randomized to group 1, for which the dosing frequency was changed from daily to every other day, and 51 patients were randomized to group 2, for which the daily dose was halved.Measurements and Main Results. Fasting lipid profiles and hepatic transaminase levels were analyzed at baseline, 2 months, and 4 months. Lifestyle, concomitant drug therapy, adverse events, weight, and compliance were noted at baseline and month 4. Thirty‐one patients (58%) from group 1 and 22 patients (43%) from group 2 did not remain at their LDL goal after step‐down pravastatin therapy. Mean LDL at study end was 113 mg/dl for group 1 and 104 mg/dl for group 2 (p=0.04).Conclusion. More than half (51%) of the patients enrolled did not remain at their LDL goal with step‐down pravastatin therapy. Therefore, we do not recommend a step‐down approach for patients who have achieved their LDL goals. If a clinician decides, however, to attempt dosage reduction, the preferred regimen appears to be to halve the current dose once/day (vs administering the current dose every other day). A fasting lipid profile should be evaluated at 2 months and 4 months after step‐down therapy begins to ensure that desired outcomes are achieved.
Dose Proportionality of Three Different Doses of Tibolone
Authors: Timmer Cees J. , Houwing Natalie S. 
Published: May 2004

Study Objective. To assess dose proportionality of tibolone tablets after multiple oral administration.Design. Open‐label, randomized, three‐period crossover study.Setting. Department of Drug Metabolism and Kinetics, N.V. Organon, Oss, The Netherlands.Subjects. Twenty‐seven postmenopausal women aged 65 years or younger.Intervention. Subjects received tibolone 1.25, 2.5, or 5.0 mg once/day for 7 days.Measurements and Main Results. Plasma concentrations of tibolone and its three primary metabolites were assayed. Steady state was attained by day 5. Elimination half‐life for 3α‐hydroxytibolone was 7.2–8.5 hours. At steady state, the dose‐normalized peak concentration and area under the curve satisfied bioequivalence requirements for the 1.25‐ and 2.5‐mg doses, but not fully for the 5.0‐mg dose. Parameters were proportionally slightly lower for the 5.0‐mg dose compared with the 1.25‐ and 2.5‐mg doses.Conclusion. Proportional bioequivalence was established for the 1.25‐ and 2.5‐mg doses, but not between the 5.0‐mg dose and the two lower doses of tibolone.
Conversion of Recent‐Onset Atrial Fibrillation with Intravenous Amiodarone: A Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Hilleman Daniel E. , Spinler Sarah A. 
Published: May 2004

Study Objective. To evaluate efficacy and safety of intravenous amiodarone for conversion of recent‐onset atrial fibrillation.Data Sources. MEDLINE search of published, randomized, controlled trials assessing the efficacy and safety of intravenous amiodarone in recent‐onset (< 7 days) atrial fibrillation, supplemented with searches of reference lists of identified articles and bibliographies of secondary and tertiary review articles.Study Selection. The identified trials were eligible for meta‐analysis if they met the following criteria: patients had recent‐onset atrial fibrillation; patients were randomized to intravenous amiodarone, placebo, or another antiarrhythmic agent; no other antiarrhythmic agent except digoxin was administered simultaneously with intravenous amiodarone or other active treatments; the number and percentage of conversions to sinus rhythm after treatment began were reported; and the number and type of adverse drug reactions occurring after treatment began were reported.Results. Eighteen randomized controlled trials, including active control cohorts and placebo cohorts, met inclusion criteria. Atrial fibrillation was spontaneous in 13 trials, postoperative in 4, and combined spontaneous and postoperative in 1. A total of 550 patients received intravenous amiodarone, 451 received other antiarrhythmic therapy, and 202 received placebo. Unadjusted averages for cardioversion were as follows: intravenous amiodarone, 417 (76%) of 550 patients; other antiarrhythmics, 324 (72%) of 451 patients; and placebo, 121 (60%) of 202 patients. Pooled estimates of cardioversion for active cohort studies were 72.1% for intravenous amiodarone and 71.9% for other antiarrhythmics (p=0.84). Pooled estimates of cardioversion for placebo cohort studies were 82.4% for intravenous amiodarone and 59.7% for placebo (p=0.03). Unadjusted averages for adverse event rates were intravenous amiodarone, 94 (17%) of 550 patients; other antiarrhythmics, 63 (14%) of 451 patients; and placebo, 23 (11%) of 202 patients. Pooled estimates of adverse event rates for active cohort studies were 12.2% for intravenous amiodarone and 14.0% for other antiarrhythmics (p=0.64). Pooled estimates of adverse event rates for placebo cohort studies were 26.8% for intravenous amiodarone and 10.8% for placebo (p=0.02). The most common adverse drug reactions reported with intravenous amiodarone were infusion phlebitis, bradycardia, and hypotension.Conclusion. The efficacy and safety profile of intravenous amiodarone is similar to that of other antiarrhythmics for cardioversion of recent‐onset atrial fibrillation. Intravenous amiodarone is significantly more effective than placebo but is associated with significantly higher frequency of adverse events, although most were not considered to be dose limiting.
The Effect of Sepsis During Parenteral Nutrition on Hepatic Microsomal Function in Rats
Authors: Dickerson Roland N. , Charland Scott L. 
Published: May 2004

Study Objective. To investigate the effect of sepsis during parenteral nutrition on hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) activity in rats.Design. Prospective, randomized, controlled study.Setting. University‐based animal research laboratory.Animals. Twenty adult male Sprague‐Dawley rats.Intervention. The animals were cannulated intravenously and randomized to receive parenteral nutrition (PN), intravenous live Escherichia coli 4 × 108 colony‐forming units/100 g body weight for 2 consecutive days with PN (PNEC), or chow (CH).Measurements and Main Results. Both PN alone and PNEC resulted in a progressive decline in hepatic CYP concentration compared with CH (0.53 ± 0.10, 0.41 ± 0.17, and 0.35 ± 0.14 nmol/mg microsomal protein, respectively, p<0.05). Parenteral nutrition alone was associated with a 57% decrease in isoenzyme ethoxycoumarin‐O‐deethylase activity (ECOD) compared with CH, but sepsis did not further decrease ECOD activity any more than PN alone (0.103 ± 0.049, 0.044 ± 0.018, and 0.050 ± 0.020 nmol/mg microsomal protein/min, respectively, p<0.05).Conclusion. Hepatic CYP concentration declines with PN and is further decreased when compounded by sepsis. The disproportional decrease in ECOD activity relative to CYP concentration with PN is unchanged by sepsis, indicating a selective alteration in hepatic isoenzymes by PN.
Comparison of Two Needle Sizes for Subcutaneous Administration of Enoxaparin: Effects on Size of Hematomas and Pain on Injection
Authors: Robb Dawn M. , Kanji Zahra 
Published: May 2004

Study Objective. To determine whether use of a smaller needle size for subcutaneous injection of enoxaparin would reduce the size of injection‐site hematomas and/or decrease the pain of injection.Design. Prospective, randomized trial.Setting. Community hospital in North Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.Patients. One hundred twenty‐four patients with unstable angina or non‐Q‐wave myocardial infarction who were administered enoxaparin for anticoagulation.Intervention. Each patient was randomly assigned to one of two groups. One group received enoxaparin injections with a 30–gauge, 5/16–inch insulin syringe, and the other group was injected with a 26–gauge, 3/8–inch tuberculin syringe.Measurements and Main Results. Participating nurses used standard measuring tape to determine the largest diameter of each hematoma. Pain was assessed with a 10–unit numeric scale. The two groups did not differ significantly with regard to either the mean size of the largest hematoma/patient (4.2 cm in the insulin‐syringe group vs 3.8 cm in the tuberculin‐syringe group, p=0.68) or the mean pain score (0.3 in the insulin‐syringe group vs 0.5 in the tuberculin‐syringe group, p=0.10).Conclusions. Use of a 30–gauge, 5/16–inch insulin syringe instead of a 26–gauge, 3/8–inch tuberculin syringe does not significantly reduce either hematoma size or pain of injection. A larger study is required to determine whether needle size affects the frequency of hematoma formation. (Pharmacotherapy 2002;22(9):1105–1109)
Daily Dosing versus Alternate‐Day Dosing of Simvastatin in Patients with Hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Copher Heather R. , Stewart Robert D. 
Published: May 2004

Study Objective. To compare the efficacy of daily simvastatin administration with that of alternate‐day therapy at double the daily dose.Design. Nonrandomized, before‐after comparison trial.Setting. Outpatient clinic of a Veterans Affairs medical center. Patients. Fifteen men with hyperlipidemia.Intervention. The simvastatin regimen for patients with a low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) level at their established National Cholesterol Education Program goal was converted from daily dosing to double the daily dose given every other day for 8 weeks.Measurements and Main Results. Baseline laboratory values were obtained for patients receiving daily simvastatin therapy. After 8 weeks of alternate‐day therapy, follow‐up laboratory values were obtained and assessed for efficacy and toxicity. The LDL‐lowering effect of the daily dosing regimen was compared with that of the alternate‐day dosing regimen. Paired t tests were computed to compare LDL concentrations before and after the study using a 95% confidence interval. No statistically significant difference was observed.Conclusion. Alternate‐day dosing of simvastatin may be an effective alternative to daily dosing. (Pharmacotherapy 2002;22(9):1110–1116)