bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dental students' ability to judge the quality of composite restorations' exemplars depicted in photographs and their impact on preclinical skills
Authors: Rung Andrea C. , Sun Jing , George Roy 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionAssessing exemplars as a formative activity is thought to promote students' learning. This study aimed to investigate dental students' ability to judge the quality of composite restorations' exemplars depicted in photographs and their impact on students' preclinical skills.Materials and MethodsIn a non‐randomised controlled crossover trial with two intervention arms, 92 undergraduates in their first preclinical course self‐enrolled in into the intervention group (A1‐INT) or control group (B1‐CT). The intervention group assessed photographic images of composite restorations before restoring an ivorine premolar with composite while the control group restored the same tooth without assessing the photographic exemplars. Intervention and control groups were swapped 3 days later in a second iteration (B2‐INT, A2‐CT). Data were analysed in SPSS® version 27 using nonparametric tests.ResultsStudents who did not complete all activities in the study were excluded. Therefore, 57 out of the 92 student participants were included in the study analysis. No significant differences were observed between intervention and control groups' ability to assess quality of photographic exemplars or restoring a tooth in both iterations.ConclusionStudents were able to identify the quality of composite restorations in photographic exemplars. It appears that assessing photographic exemplars did not have an immediate impact on students' ability to restore a tooth with composite.
Highly structured habitats mitigate size‐ and growth‐selective mortality of post‐settlement juvenile fish
Authors: Kamimura Yasuhiro , Shoji Jun 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe role of vegetated habitats such as seagrass and macroalgal beds as nurseries is essential for the survival of larval and juvenile fish, although quantitative evaluation of the contribution of these habitats to nursery function is limited. Moreover, growth–survival relationships of larvae and juveniles associated with vegetated habitats have rarely been examined. To quantitatively and qualitatively evaluate the processes affecting juvenile survival in vegetated habitats, we investigated whether there is a correlation between the degree of selection for bigger and faster‐growing fish and mortality rates for three cohorts by birth date of post‐settlement black rockfish (Sebastes cheni) in a macroalgal bed. We also analyzed relationships between growth rate and experienced temperature by age class to examine the effects of temperature on growth. The latest cohort, which grew under lower vegetation coverage due to a seasonal increase in water temperature, showed higher mortality with evidence of strong selection for survival of bigger and faster‐growing fish. The growth–temperature relationships showed that positive effects of temperature on growth weakened after settlement. Therefore, we suggest that macroalgal coverage has a critical role in controlling the growth–mortality relationship of post‐settlement S. cheni. Furthermore, the negative effects of high temperature on juvenile survival through loss of vegetation may be greater than the positive effects on juvenile growth. These findings would contribute to the management of fisheries resources by increasing the understanding of relationships between survival mechanisms in fish early life stages and vegetation phenology of their habitat under the increasing effects of global warming.
Retrospective comparison of postoperative dressing after eschar dermabrasion on paediatric scald wounds: Bacterial cellulose dressing and allogenic skin
Authors: Zhao Ran , Zhao Chenyuyao , Zhang Yushen , Wan Yi , Wang Yibing 
Published: November 2023

AbstractEschar dermabrasion is an easy, cost‐effective and dependable technique for debriding deep partial‐thickness burn wounds, highly suitable for paediatric scalds. Postoperative dressing plays a crucial role in the subsequent healing process. While allogenic skin (AGS) has long been considered as the optimal coverage for abraded burn wounds by Chinese burn specialists, its clinical application on children has encountered challenges. In recent years, our department has observed promising results in the application of bacterial cellulose dressing on paediatric burn wounds after dermabrasion surgery. This study aimed to retrospectively review qualified cases from the past 5 years and categorize them into two groups: 201 cases in the AGS group and 116 cases in the bacterial cellulose dressing (BCD) group. Upon statistical analysis, no differences were oberved between the groups in terms of demographic information and wound characteristics. However, the BCD group had a significantly longer surgery time (44.3 ± 7.0 min vs. 31.5 ± 6.1 min, p < 0.01) and shorter healing time (19.6 ± 2.2 days vs. 24.4 ± 4.3 days, p < 0.01) compared to the AGS group. Moreover, the BCD group required fewer dressing changes (3.5 ± 0.8 vs. 6.7 ± 2.1, p < 0.01) and demonstrated lower rates of skin grafting (10/116 vs. 46/201, p = 0.036). In conclusion, our findings suggest that the bacterial cellulose material may serve as an optimal coverage option for paediatric abraded scald wounds.
Impact of ileostomy on postoperative wound complications in patients after laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Yang Shu , Lin Yuting , Zhong Wenjin , Xu Wenji , Huang Zhongxin , Cai Suqin , Chen Wen , Zhang Baogen 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTo prevent anastomotic leakage and other postoperative complications after laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery, a protective ileostomy is often used. However, the necessity of performing ileostomy after laparoscopic rectal cancer remains controversial. The aim of this meta‐analysis was to assess the benefit of ileostomy on wound infection after laparoscopic rectal cancer. The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Web of Science, and PubMed were used to retrieve all related documents up to September 2023. Completion of the trial literature was submitted once the eligibility and exclusion criteria were met and the literature quality assessment was evaluated. This study compared the post‐operative post‐operative complications of an ileostomy with that of non‐ileostomy in a laparoscope. We used Reman 5.3 to analyse meta‐data. Controlled studies were evaluated with ROBINS‐I. The meta‐analyses included 525 studies, and 5 publications were chosen to statistically analyse the data according to the classification criteria. There was no statistically significant difference in the rate of postoperative wound infections among ostomate and nonostomate (odds ratio [OR], 1.79; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.66, 4.84; p = 0.25). In 5 trials, the incidence of anastomotic leak was increased after surgery in nonostomate patients (OR, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.12, 0.57; p = 0.0009). Two studies reported no significant difference in the length of operation time when nonstomal compared to stomal operations in patients with rectal cancer (mean difference, 0.87; 95% CI, −2.99, 4.74; p = 0.66). No significant difference was found in the rate of wound infection and operation time after operation among the two groups, but the incidence of anastomosis leak increased after operation. Protective ileostomy after laparoscopic rectal cancer was effective in reducing the risk of anastomotic leakage in patients, and we found no additional risk of infection. We cautiously conclude that protective ileostomy is active and necessary for patients with a high risk of anastomotic leakage after surgery, which needs to be further confirmed by high‐quality studies with larger samples.
Impact of diabetic versus non‐diabetic patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery on postoperative wound complications: A meta‐analysis
Authors: He Libin , Liu Mingyuan , He Yue , Guo Ailin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe effect of diabetes mellitus (DM) on the incidence of postoperative wound complications in patients with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is still unclear. Thus, we performed a meta‐analysis of CABG in DM patients to evaluate existing data from both prospective and historical cohorts. The objective of this trial was to assess the relevance and extent of the effect of diabetes on the outcome of previous CABG procedures. Data sources like Embase and Pubmed were found throughout the research, and the language was limited to English through manual search. The searches were performed up to August 2023. The data were extracted from the study of the inclusion/exclusion criteria, the features of the population, the statistical approach and the clinical results. A qualitative evaluation of the qualifying studies has been carried out. Out of the 1874 studies identified, 21 cohort studies were chosen for analysis. Meta‐analyses were performed in 258 454 patients (71 351 diabetic and 187 103 non‐diabetic). Twenty‐one studies on deep sternal wound infections in CABG patients showed a lower rate of deep sternal wound infections in non‐diabetes group compared with those with diabetes (OR, 2.13; 95% CI: 1.97, 2.31, p < 0.00001). And 16 studies of superficial wound infections in patients undergoing CABG were found to be associated with a lower rate of superficial injury (OR, 1.93; 95% CI: 1.53, 2.43, p < 0.00001) compared with those with diabetes; In five trials, perfusion time during CABG (MD, 2.31; 95% CI: −0.16, 4.79, p = 0.07) was observed, and there were no significant differences between diabetes and non‐diabetes. Currently, there is a higher risk for CABG in diabetes than in non‐diabetes patients with sternal infections and superficial injuries. Future randomized trials will concentrate on the treatment of such perioperatively related complications, which will lower the risk of postoperative wound infection in diabetes.
Experimental evidence of effective disinfectant to control the transmission of Micropterus salmoides rhabdovirus
Authors: He Runzhen , Zhu Ningyu , Chen Xiaoming , Liang Qianrong , Yao Gaohua , Tian Quanquan , Zhou Fan , Ding Xueyan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMicropterus salmoides rhabdovirus (MSRV) is a significant pathogen that causes high morbidity and mortality in largemouth bass, leading to enormous economic losses for largemouth bass aquaculture in China. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of four disinfectants (potassium permanganate, glutaraldehyde, trichloroisocyanuric acid and povidone iodine) on MSRV, to control the infection and transmission of MSRV in largemouth bass aquaculture. The disinfectants were tested at different concentrations (5, 25, 50, 100 and 500 mg/L) prepared with distilled water for 30 min contact time, and the viral nucleic acid was quantified using qPCR and the infectivity was tested by challenge experiment. Potassium permanganate at 5–500 mg/L, glutaraldehyde at 500 mg/L, trichloroisocyanuric acid at 50–500 mg/L and povidone iodine at 500 mg/L concentration could effectively decrease the virus nucleic acid, and the survival rate of largemouth bass juveniles after challenge experiment increased significantly from 3.7% ± 6.41% to 33.33 ± 11.11% – 100%. Moreover, the minimum effective time of 5 mg/L potassium permanganate was further studied at 2, 5, 10 and 20 min contact time. The viral nucleic acid decreased significantly at 5–20 min exposure time, and the survival rate increased significantly from 7.41% ± 6.41% to 77.78 ± 11.11% – 100%. The median lethal concentration (LC50) values of potassium permanganate were 10.64, 6.92 and 3.7 mg/L at 24, 48 and 96 h, respectively. Potassium permanganate could be used for the control of MSRV in the cultivation process; the recommended concentration is 5 mg/L and application time should be less than 24 h. The results could be applied to provide a method to control the infection and transmission of MSRV in water, and improve the health status of largemouth bass.
The effect of lacto‐fermentation over time on the changes in zucchini flesh quality assessed using machine learning models based on image textures
Authors: Ropelewska Ewa , Sabanci Kadir , Aslan Muhammet Fatih 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLacto‐fermented foods may have health benefits. Therefore, the consumption of lacto‐fermented fruit and vegetables is important. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of lacto‐fermentation on zucchini flesh after 1 week and 3 months. The zucchini slices were classified using models built based on image textures using different machine learning algorithms. The developed models were characterized by overall accuracies of up to 99.33% for a combined set of textures selected from images in color channelsR,G,B,L,a,b,X,Y, andZ(IBk algorithm). Only fresh zucchini slices were correctly classified with an accuracy of 100% and Precision, F‐Measure, Matthews Correlation Coefficient (MCC), Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) Area, and Precision‐Recall (PRC) Area of 1.000 for selected models. The greater changes in the zucchini flesh structure were observed after the first week of lacto‐fermentation compared to the fresh slices than between samples lacto‐fermented for 1 week and 3 months.Practical ApplicationsThe obtained results confirmed that the developed procedure combining image analysis and machine learning can be used for the quality assessment of the lacto‐fermented zucchini and the detection of the optimal period to obtain desired changes. The determination of changes in product quality as a result of lengthening the lacto‐fermentation time can be useful for detecting the optimal period of the process.
A Search for Liberalizing Religion: Political Asymmetry in the American Religious Landscape
Authors: Schnabel Landon 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study explores potential heterogeneity in the relationship between religion and politics in the United States. Rather than assume all religion is conservatizing, it conducts a broad preliminary search for liberalizing religion across three cross‐sectional national datasets. While the study finds the most liberal politics among adherents of particular “liberal” religious groups rather than among the unaffiliated, it largely fails to find forms of religion where exposure is associated with liberal politics. In fact, exposure to even “liberal” religion is generally associated with more conservative politics. American religion's political asymmetry has important societal implications in a highly religious nation where even liberal religion appears to conservatize the public.
Pharmacodynamic effects of molidustat on erythropoiesis in healthy cats
Authors: Boegel Annette , Flamme Ingo , Krebber Ralph , Settje Terry , Schmidt Franziska , Kruedewagen Eva , Mangold‐Gehring Sandra , Lainesse Chantal , Moritz Andreas , Beddies Gerald 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundInhibition of hypoxia‐inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase (HIF‐PH) stimulates erythropoiesis in rats, dogs, monkeys, and humans.Hypothesis/ObjectiveDetermine if molidustat, a novel HIF‐PH inhibitor, stimulates erythropoiesis in healthy cats.AnimalsSeventeen healthy adult laboratory cats.MethodsRandomized, placebo‐controlled study. Cats were treated PO once daily with suspensions of 0 (Group 1; n = 6), 5 (Group 2; n = 6), or 10 (Group 3; n = 5) mg/kg of molidustat. Effects on red blood cell parameters, reticulocyte indices and plasma erythropoietin (EPO) concentrations were evaluated. Molidustat treatment was stopped when hematocrit (HCT) exceeded 60%.ResultsCompared to placebo, a significant increase in mean HCT was evident starting on Day 14 (Group 2:54.4% vs 40.3%, P < .001, 95% confidence interval [CI] for the difference [8.95‐19.28]; Group 3:61.2% vs 40.3%, P < .001, 95% CI [15.48‐26.43]) and remained significantly higher for the entire treatment period. In molidustat‐treated groups, HCT exceeded 60% on Day 21 (Group 2) and Day 14 (Group 3). Mean HCT in molidustat‐treated cats returned to within the reference range (29%‐45%) after Day 56 and was numerically comparable to placebo from Day 70 onwards. Red blood cell count and hemoglobin concentrations followed a similar pattern as HCT. Mean EPO concentrations significantly increased after molidustat administration on all assessment days. Molidustat treatments were well tolerated.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceMarked erythropoietic effects were identified after daily administration of molidustat to healthy cats and additional studies are warranted to evaluate the effects in anemic cats.
The role of brain oscillations in feature integration
Authors: Cobos M. I. , Melcón M. , Rodríguez‐San Esteban P. , Capilla A. , Chica A. B. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractOur sensory system is able to build a unified perception of the world, which although rich, is limited and inaccurate. Sometimes, features from different objects are erroneously combined. At the neural level, the role of the parietal cortex in feature integration is well‐known. However, the brain dynamics underlying correct and incorrect feature integration are less clear. To explore the temporal dynamics of feature integration, we studied the modulation of different frequency bands in trials in which feature integration was correct or incorrect. Participants responded to the color of a shape target, surrounded by distractors. A calibration procedure ensured that accuracy was around 70% in each participant. To explore the role of expectancy in feature integration, we introduced an unexpected feature to the target in the last blocks of trials. Results demonstrated the contribution of several frequency bands to feature integration. Alpha and beta power was reduced for hits compared to illusions. Moreover, gamma power was overall larger during the experiment for participants who were aware of the unexpected target presented during the last blocks of trials (as compared to unaware participants). These results demonstrate that feature integration is a complex process that can go wrong at different stages of information processing and is influenced by top‐down expectancies.
Temporal, spatial and space–time distribution of infections caused by five major enteric pathogens, Ontario, Canada, 2010–2017
Authors: John Patience , Varga Csaba , Cooke Martin , Majowicz Shannon E. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAimsIn Canada, enteric diseases pose substantial health and economic burdens. The distribution of these diseases is uneven across both geography and time and understanding these patterns is therefore important for the prevention of future outbreaks. We evaluated temporal, spatial and space–time clustering of laboratory‐confirmed cases of Campylobacter spp. (n = 28,728), non‐typhoidal Salmonella spp. (n = 22,640), Shiga toxin‐producing Escherichia coli (STEC; n = 1340), Yersinia spp. (n = 1674) and Listeria monocytogenes (n = 471) infections, reported between 2010 and 2017 inclusive in Ontario, the most populous province in Canada (population ~ 13,500,000 in 2016).Methods and ResultsFor each enteric pathogen, we calculated the mean incidence rates (IRs) for Ontario's 35 public health unit (PHU) areas and visualized them using choropleth maps. We identified temporal, spatial and space–time high infection rate clusters using retrospective Poisson scan statistics. Campylobacter and Salmonella infections had the highest IRs, while Listeria infections had the lowest. Campylobacter, Salmonella, STEC and Listeria mostly clustered temporally in the spring/summer and sometimes extended into fall, while Yersinia showed a less clear seasonal pattern. The IR visualizations and spatial and space–time scan statistics showed geographic heterogeneity of infection rates with high infection rate clusters detected mainly in PHUs across the southwestern and central‐western regions of Ontario for Campylobacter, Salmonella and STEC infections, and mainly in PHUs located in the central‐eastern regions for Yersinia and Listeria. A high proportion of cases in some of the significant Salmonella, STEC and Listeria infection clusters were linked to disease outbreaks.ConclusionsResults from this study will inform heightened public health surveillance, and prevention and control programmes, in populations and regions of high infection rates. Further research is needed to determine the pathogen‐specific socioeconomic, environmental and agricultural risk factors that may be related to the temporal and spatial disease patterns we observed in our study.
Special Experimental Environment for Generation IV Reactors With Graphite Reflector
Authors: Vilímová Eva , Peltan Tomáš , Škoda Radek 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Nowadays, there is an increasing demand for new small modular reactors (SMR) reactors with a wide range of applications, often classified as a new Generation-IV reactors. Unfortunately, there is no commercially operating nuclear reactor meeting the characteristics of Generation-IV reactors in its technical design and features. However, Generation-IV nuclear reactors are intensively developed worldwide, including the Czech Republic. To support research activities linked with the development of these reactors, an appropriate experimental environment and resources simulating conditions expected in Generation-IV reactors with graphite are needed This work builds on previous research and presents a special arrangement of the LR-0 reactor core with a double-row graphite reflector, on which the influence of graphite on the neutron field shaping and power distribution was experimentally and computationally verified. The main reason for this article is to investigate the effect of the graphite reflector, which will serve as a support for the development of neutron instrumentation for Generation-IV reactors and other support for Generation-IV research activities. The results confirm the conclusions of previous research and also provide a better knowledge of the double-row graphite reflector neutron field. The presented and tested LR-0 core arrangement is included in a set of experiments supporting the research of reactor cores with graphite reflectors.
Mixed-Variable Global Sensitivity Analysis for Knowledge Discovery and Efficient Combinatorial Materials Design
Authors: Comlek Yigitcan , Wang Liwei , Chen Wei 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Global Sensitivity Analysis (GSA) is the study of the influence of any given input on the outputs of a model. In the context of engineering design, GSA has been widely used to understand both individual and collective contributions of design variables on the design objectives. So far, global sensitivity studies have often been limited to design spaces with only quantitative (numerical) design variables. However, many engineering systems also contain, if not only, qualitative (categorical) design variables in addition to quantitative design variables. In this paper, we integrate Latent Variable Gaussian Process (LVGP) with Sobol’ analysis to develop the first metamodel-based mixed-variable GSA method. Through numerical case studies, we validate and demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method for mixed-variable problems. Furthermore, while the proposed GSA method is general enough to benefit various engineering design applications, we integrate it with multi-objective Bayesian optimization (BO) to create a sensitivity-aware design framework in accelerating the Pareto front design exploration for metal-organic framework (MOF) materials with many-level combinatorial design spaces. Although MOFs are constructed only from qualitative variables that are notoriously difficult to design, our method can utilize sensitivity analysis to navigate the optimization in the many-level large combinatorial design space, greatly expediting the exploration of novel MOF candidates.