bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of prototype backscatter X-ray security scanner for luggage inspection
Authors: An Geunyoung , Park Junsung , Lee Byeong-no , Yoon Seonkwang , Seo Hee 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In the Republic of Korea, for the purpose of security screening at ports and airports, the
present system for inspecting small cargo/luggage relies on transmission X-ray imaging, with which
discernment of organic and powder-form materials in images is difficult. Backscatter X-ray imaging
techniques, contrastingly, are sensitive to organic materials (i.e., low-Z elements) due to a
higher probability of Compton scattering relative to other photon interactions. Such techniques,
therefore, have the potential to be used in security screening systems for the detection of
organic compounds such as drugs and explosives. In the present study, a prototype backscatter
X-ray security scanner for luggage screening was developed, and its performance was evaluated at
various tube voltages. It was found that the isolation contrast, which indicates the minimum
discernible thickness of a plastic panel when the background material of the image is steel, was
approximately 1 mm at the tube voltage of 120 kVp. Moreover, amorphously shaped contraband
articles randomly hidden inside the luggage were clearly visible at tube voltages ranging from 80
to 160 kVp. The developed backscatter X-ray security scanner is expected to provide improved
detection efficiency for thin objects and/or illicit organic materials compared to a
transmission-based X-ray imaging system.
Upgrade of ATLAS hadronic Tile Calorimeter for the High Luminosity LHC
Authors: Leone Sandra ,   the ATLAS Tile Calorimeter System
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The Tile Calorimeter (TileCal) is the hadronic calorimeter covering the central region of
the ATLAS experiment. The High-Luminosity phase of LHC, delivering five times the LHC nominal
instantaneous luminosity, is expected to start in 2029. TileCal will require new electronics to
meet the requirements of a 1 MHz trigger, higher ambient radiation, and to ensure better
performance under high pile-up conditions. Both the on- and off-detector TileCal electronics will
be replaced during the shutdown of 2026–2028. Approximately 10% of the PMTs, those reading out
the most exposed cells, will be replaced. PMT signals from every TileCal cell will be digitized
and sent directly to the back-end electronics, where the signals are reconstructed, stored, and
sent to the first level of trigger at a rate of 40 MHz. This will provide better precision of
the calorimeter signals used by the trigger system and will allow the development of more complex
trigger algorithms. The modular front-end electronics feature radiation-tolerant components and
redundant design to minimise single points of failure. The timing, control and communication
interface with the off-detector electronics is implemented with modern Field Programmable Gate
Arrays (FPGAs) and high speed fiber optic links running up to 9.6 Gb/s. The TileCal upgrade
program has included extensive R&D and test beam studies. A Demonstrator module equipped with the
new electronics but with reverse compatibility with the existing readout system was inserted in
ATLAS in 2019 for testing in actual detector conditions. The status of the various components and
the results of test-beam campaigns with the electronics prototypes will be discussed.
SystemC framework for architecture modelling of electronic systems in future particle detectors
Authors: Brambilla Francesco Enrico , Ceresa Davide , Dhaliwal Jashandeep , Esposito Stefano , Kloukinas Kostas , Llopart Cudie Xavier , Pulli Adithya 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The prototyping cost in advanced technology nodes and the complexity of future detectors require the adoption of a system design approach common in the industry: design space exploration through high-level architectural studies to achieve clear and optimized specifications.
This contribution proposes a configurable SystemC framework to simulate the readout chain from the front-end chips to the detector back-end. The model is transaction accurate, includes an event generator, interfaces with real physics events, and provides metrics such as readout efficiency, latency, and average queue occupancy.
This contribution details the structure of the framework and describes a case study based on the LHCb VeLo upgrade II.
The KM3NeT4RR project in Bologna
Authors: Benfenati F. ,   the KM3NeT4RR project,   and the KM3NeT collaboration,   the KM3NeT4RR project and the KM3NeT collaboration
Published: January 2024

Abstract
KM3NeT4RR is a project for the Kilometre Cube Neutrino Telescope (KM3NeT), which is a
large European research infrastructure composed of two underwater large-scale neutrino telescopes,
ARCA and ORCA, located in the Mediterranean Sea off-shore Portopalo di Capo Passero (Sicily,
Italy) and Toulon (Provence, France) respectively. The telescopes are mainly designed for studying
cosmic neutrinos and neutrino properties, but the observatory infrastructure also offers
opportunity for geological and marine sciences research, providing instrumentation connections for
long-term, high-bandwidth and continuous data collection. The KM3NeT4RR project, led by the
Italian Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, has started at the end of 2022 and during the
following 30 months it includes a set of activities aimed at extending the ARCA seafloor network
and the Italian on-shore facilities, building and operating an additional significant number of
detection elements, thus significantly advancing the final completion of the infrastructure.
Within this project, the KM3NeT laboratories present at the INFN-Bologna section are going to be
expanded and a new setup will be created that will serve for both the detectors calibration
studies and for deep-sea environmental research.
Synthesis and application of ZSM-5/Graphene composite for photocatalytic degradation of industrial dyes
Authors: Sodha Veena , Bandyopadhyay Mahuya , Gaur Rama , Bandyopadhyay Rajib , Shahabuddin Syed 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Various materials and technologies are being employed to address the concern of increased wastewater generation. In this work, the synthesis of ZSM-5 (Zeolite Socony Mobil-5) and graphene (GR) composite, their characterisation, and application for the removal of dyes are presented. Two composites of ZSM-5 and GR composites were prepared via the hydrothermal method by varying the loading amount of GR, i.e. 1% and 5%, and labelled as GZ1 and GZ5. The parent and composite materials were characterised using field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), x-ray photoelectrons spectroscopy (XPS), Raman, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). The materials were then employed for the photodegradation of methyl orange (MO) dye. The adsorption efficiencies for ZSM-5, GR, GZ1, and GZ5 were found as 0%, 17.8%, 0%, and 16% respectively. According to photodegradation results, the GZ1 composite exhibits the maximum degradation efficiency of 75.3% for 20 ppm of MO, within 180 min of light exposure. The scavenger studies were performed to evaluate the role of active oxygen species (AOS) in the photocatalysis mechanism. All studies were performed with the catalyst dosage of 0.5 mg ml−1. The degradation efficiencies for GR, GZ5, and Z5 were reported as 34.2%, 20.8%, and 17.5%, respectively. On increasing the irradiation time to 240 min, the degradation efficiency of GZ1 reached 92%. The removal efficiencies for MO (7 ppm) and methyl blue (5 ppm) in a 12-ppm dye mixture were observed to be 98% and 97.2% respectively within 180 min of light exposure with GZ1 composite.
Epigravettian in the Eastern Adriatic and its Hinterland: An Overview of Settlement Dynamics, Chronology, Subsistence Strategies and Material Culture
Authors: Vukosavljević Nikola 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe Epigravettian is the best-documented period of human presence in the Eastern Adriatic during the Late Pleistocene. In comparison to the scanty Early Upper and Mid-Upper Palaeolithic record, the number of Late Upper Palaeolithic Epigravettian sites increases significantly, spreading from the northern to the southern coasts. The Epigravettian archaeological record is biased towards cave sites, and towards higher frequencies in the northern part. Open-air sites in the region are almost unknown, other than a few surface lithic scatters. In this chapter paper we will present Epigravettian settlement dynamics, together with main technological and typological features of lithic industries, and other aspects of human behaviour, i.e., subsistence strategies, raw material procurement, body adornment, osseous technology. The Eastern Adriatic Late Upper Palaeolithic record is highly fragmented because the region experienced significant palaeogeographic changes across the Pleistocene-Holocene transition, when the Pleistocene Adriatic Plain was flooded and completely disappeared. Changes in technology did not accompany changes in physical environment, hence the Epigravettian tradition is clearly present in early Holocene assemblages. On the other hand, significant changes in lithic raw material procurement strategies happened during the early Holocene, and these could be interpreted within the framework of environmental changes that caused transformation of the Pleistocene Adriatic geography.
Movement or plasticity: acoustic responses of a torrent frog to stream geophony
Authors: Turin Rubens A F , Nali Renato C 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Vocalization is the main form of communication in many animals, including frogs, which commonly emit advertisement calls to attract females and maintain spacing. In noisy environments such as streams, mechanisms to maximize signaling efficiency may include vocal plasticity and/or movement of individuals to quieter sections, but which strategy is used is still uncertain. We investigated the influence of stream geophony on the advertisement call of the torrent frog Hylodes perere in the Atlantic Rainforest, in southeastern Brazil. In a mark-recapture study, we tested if males remain in their territories and thus adjust their advertisement calls to maximize their communication. We ran linear mixed models to verify the relationship of call parameters and stream geophony, body size, and environmental temperature. We found that males remained in the same location across time, increased call intensity in noisier environments, but did not reduce call effort. Males also increased the dominant frequency in these situations, suggesting a modulation in this parameter. Our results indicate that territoriality is an important factor for males to increase call intensity to surpass stream noise instead of repositioning along the stream. However, because call effort was maintained, we suggest that sexual selection is crucial in this system, favoring males that better detect others and adjust their call efficiency. This is the first study to evaluate simultaneously frog movements and adaptations to geophony, which contributes to the investigation of the concomitant environmental and sexual selective pressures in species that communicate in noisy environments.
A granularity-level information fusion strategy on hypergraph transformer for predicting synergistic effects of anticancer drugs
Authors: Wang Wei , Yuan Gaolin , Wan Shitong , Zheng Ziwei , Liu Dong , Zhang Hongjun , Li Juntao , Zhou Yun , Wang Xianfang 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Combination therapy has exhibited substantial potential compared to monotherapy. However, due to the explosive growth in the number of cancer drugs, the screening of synergistic drug combinations has become both expensive and time-consuming. Synergistic drug combinations refer to the concurrent use of two or more drugs to enhance treatment efficacy. Currently, numerous computational methods have been developed to predict the synergistic effects of anticancer drugs. However, there has been insufficient exploration of how to mine drug and cell line data at different granularity levels for predicting synergistic anticancer drug combinations. Therefore, this study proposes a granularity-level information fusion strategy based on the hypergraph transformer, named HypertranSynergy, to predict synergistic effects of anticancer drugs. HypertranSynergy introduces synergistic connections between cancer cell lines and drug combinations using hypergraph. Then, the Coarse-grained Information Extraction (CIE) module merges the hypergraph with a transformer for node embeddings. In the CIE module, Contranorm is a normalization layer that mitigates over-smoothing, while Gaussian noise addresses local information gaps. Additionally, the Fine-grained Information Extraction (FIE) module assesses fine-grained information’s impact on predictions by employing similarity-aware matrices from drug/cell line features. Both CIE and FIE modules are integrated into HypertranSynergy. In addition, HypertranSynergy achieved the AUC of 0.93${\pm }$0.01 and the AUPR of 0.69${\pm }$0.02 in 5-fold cross-validation of classification task, and the RMSE of 13.77${\pm }$0.07 and the PCC of 0.81${\pm }$0.02 in 5-fold cross-validation of regression task. These results are better than most of the state-of-the-art models.
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy dysfunction mimicked in human engineered heart tissue and improved by sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors
Authors: Wijnker Paul J M , Dinani Rafeeh , van der Laan Nico C , Algül Sila , Knollmann Bjorn C , Verkerk Arie O , Remme Carol Ann , Zuurbier Coert J , Kuster Diederik W D , van der Velden Jolanda 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Aims
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common inherited cardiomyopathy, often caused by pathogenic sarcomere mutations. Early characteristics of HCM are diastolic dysfunction and hypercontractility. Treatment to prevent mutation-induced cardiac dysfunction is lacking. Sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are a group of antidiabetic drugs that recently showed beneficial cardiovascular outcomes in patients with acquired forms of heart failure. We here studied if SGLT2i represent a potential therapy to correct cardiomyocyte dysfunction induced by an HCM sarcomere mutation.

Methods and results
Contractility was measured of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) harbouring an HCM mutation cultured in 2D and in 3D engineered heart tissue (EHT). Mutations in the gene encoding β-myosin heavy chain (MYH7-R403Q) or cardiac troponin T (TNNT2-R92Q) were investigated. In 2D, intracellular [Ca2+], action potential and ion currents were determined. HCM mutations in hiPSC-CMs impaired relaxation or increased force, mimicking early features observed in human HCM. SGLT2i enhance the relaxation of hiPSC-CMs, to a larger extent in HCM compared to control hiPSC-CMs. Moreover, SGLT2i-effects on relaxation in R403Q EHT increased with culture duration, i.e. hiPSC-CMs maturation. Canagliflozin’s effects on relaxation were more pronounced than empagliflozin and dapagliflozin. SGLT2i acutely altered Ca2+ handling in HCM hiPSC-CMs. Analyses of SGLT2i-mediated mechanisms that may underlie enhanced relaxation in mutant hiPSC-CMs excluded SGLT2, Na+/H+ exchanger, peak and late Nav1.5 currents, and L-type Ca2+ current, but indicate an important role for the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger. Indeed, electrophysiological measurements in mutant hiPSC-CM indicate that SGLT2i altered Na+/Ca2+ exchange current.

Conclusion
SGLT2i (canagliflozin &gt; dapagliflozin &gt; empagliflozin) acutely enhance relaxation in human EHT, especially in HCM and upon prolonged culture. SGLT2i may represent a potential therapy to correct early cardiac dysfunction in HCM.
Wright was right: leveraging old data and new methods to illustrate the critical role of epistasis in genetics and evolution
Authors: Burch Jorja , Chin Maximos , Fontenot Brian E , Mandal Sabyasachi , McKnight Thomas D , Demuth Jeffery P , Blackmon Heath 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Much of evolutionary theory is predicated on assumptions about the relative importance of simple additive versus complex epistatic genetic architectures. Previous work suggests traits strongly associated with fitness will lack additive genetic variation, whereas traits less strongly associated with fitness are expected to exhibit more additive genetic variation. We use a quantitative genetics method, line cross analysis, to infer genetic architectures that contribute to trait divergence. By parsing over 1,600 datasets by trait type, clade, and cross divergence, we estimated the relative importance of epistasis across the tree of life. In our comparison between life-history traits and morphological traits, we found greater epistatic contributions to life-history traits. Our comparison between plants and animals showed that animals have more epistatic contribution to trait divergence than plants. In our comparison of within-species versus between-species crosses, we found that only animals exhibit a greater epistatic contribution to trait divergence as divergence increases. While many scientists have argued that epistasis is ultimately of little importance, our results show that epistasis underlies much of trait divergence and must be accounted for in theory and practical applications like domestication, conservation breeding design, and understanding complex diseases.
The value of PMCTA in the diagnosis of coronary atherosclerosis in isolated human hearts
Authors: Wan Lei , Chen Jiemin , Zhou Zhilu , Li Zhengdong , Wang Yahui , Zou Donghua , Liu Ningguo , Song Fengxiang , Huang Ping , Zhang Zhiyong , Wang Maowen , Xia Wentao 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) has a limited value in investigating coronary artery disease, despite several obvious advantages over the conventional autopsy. To address this issue, postmortem computed tomography angiography (PMCTA) has been introduced into various studies, where it has been used to investigate natural and unnatural deaths involving vascular damage, occlusion, or other pathologies of the vascular system. To investigate the application value of PMCTA in the diagnosis of coronary artery stenosis in ex situ hearts, the water-based contrast media were injected into isolated hearts, scaned, and finally compared with gold standards (autopsy and histology findings of the coronary artery). This study involved 16 subjects from the Academy of Forensic Science who were suspected to have died of sudden death without traumatic injuries. Unenhanced PMCT was performed first, followed by PMCTA using a water-based contrast agent, injected into the coronary arteries of isolated hearts using a self-designed angiography device. The image data were reconstructed into three-dimensional (3D) angiography images using software in the angiography facility. The 3D images were recorded and evaluated by two radiologists and then statistically analysed. The results of PMCTA were consistent with the gold standards for the diagnosis of coronary artery stenosis (P &gt; 0.05). However, water-based contrast media can only be used to examine the pathological changes of blood vessels, which may have limitations in the diagnosis of causes of death such as myocardial oedema. PMCTA can be used as a new method to evaluate the degree of coronary atherosclerosis in addition to traditional autopsy. The 3D reconstruction technique reveals the coronary artery lesions more objectively and vividly and provides the opportunity to re-read the data at any time.

Key points
Protection against unfair competition—African Regional Intellectual Property Organization member states and South Africa
Authors: Schonwetter Tobias 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This article summarizes the current status of protection against unfair competition in 19 Member States of the African Regional Intellectual Property Organization (ARIPO) as well as South Africa. Since several study countries are Member States to at least one Regional Economic Community (RECs) or customs union, which have introduced regional or sub-regional competition regimes to advance regional integration in this area, the relevant RECs and customs unions are also briefly analysed. This is followed by some reflections on the impact of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) and the AfCFTA’s recently adopted Phase II protocols on Intellectual Property Rights and Competition Policy. The article then examines the different approaches adopted in the study countries to fulfil the obligation to ensure effective protection against unfair competition, as stipulated in Article 10bis(1) of the Paris Convention (PC), and investigates how the concept of ‘honest practices in industrial or commercial matters’ (Article 10bis(2) PC) is interpreted and applied. The article also explores how study countries have implemented the examples of prohibited acts of unfair competition contained in Article 10bis(3) PC, and addresses the question whether additional acts fall within the scope of protection against unfair competition in the study countries. The findings here are presented in such a way that observations from several countries are typically clustered together to exemplify general approaches and categories. The article observes that while countries in the region typically provide some form of legal protection to safeguard fair play in the business sector, study countries represent a variety of legal systems (civil law, common law, a combination of civil law and common law and/or religious law). This influences the way of how they address unfair competition.
When Taking Pay off the Table: A Qualitative Study of Gender Equity for Academic Leaders in the US Military
Authors: Schulz Elizabeth V , Wyatt Tasha R , Ma TingLan , Maggio Lauren A 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Although gender inequity persists globally in academic leadership positions, the United States Military has equitable pay and, in academic pediatrics, has equitable gender representation in leadership positions. To better understand how the US Military framework affects physician leaders, pediatricians were interviewed to illuminate the factors that facilitated their success and what barriers they faced in their career.

Materials and Methods
In 2022, following institutional review board approval, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 13 total participants (69% female, 31% male) serving as general pediatricians or pediatric subspecialists in the US Military. These pediatricians were in leadership positions of military academic medicine across seven graduate medical education (GME) sites. The interviews examined the leaders’ perceptions of facilitators and barriers to their success. The authors analyzed the interviews using Acker’s theory of gendered organizations as a theoretical framework, which explains embedded gender roles within work environments.

Results
Drawing on the theory of gendered organizations, the authors identified that participants described several facilitators to their success, including the availability of mentorship/sponsorship, inclusive leadership, and early and persistent exposure to women leaders in GME training and beyond. Because medicine’s ideal worker was normed around the traditional roles of men, men observed and women experienced barriers to leadership success around issues related to childbearing, maternity leave, and microaggressions.

Conclusions
This study revealed that equitability for pediatric GME leadership in the military heavily relied on structures and support created by former leaders and mentors. Isolating these structures within a unique context of military academic medicine can illuminate physicians’ experiences to address barriers and better support equitable leadership roles in both military and civilian academic medicine.