bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulation of the Flexibility of Planar Chiral [2.2]Paracyclophane Ligands and Its Significant Impact on Enantioselectivity in Asymmetric Reactions of Diethylzinc with Carbonyl Compounds.
Authors: Wu Xun‐Wei , Zhang Tang‐Zhi , Yuan Ke , Hou Xue‐Long 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
One‐Pot Reductive Amination of Aldehydes and Ketones with α‐Picoline‐borane in Methanol, in Water, and in Neat Conditions.
Authors: Sato Shinya , Sakamoto Takeshi , Miyazawa Etsuko , Kikugawa Yasuo 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of α‐Alkylidene‐γ‐butyrolactones via Ring‐Cleavage/Recyclization of 2‐Amino‐4,5‐dihydro‐3‐furancarboxamides.
Authors: Okabe Fumi , Tagawa Yoshinobu , Yamagata Kenji 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
1,3‐Dipolar Cycloadditions. Part 7. Cycloaddition of C,N‐Diarylnitrones to Ethyl Crotonate.
Authors: Banerji Avijit , Dasgupta Saugandha , Sengupta Piyali , Prange Thierry , Neumann Alain 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Generation and Reactivity of 3‐Carbethoxy‐5‐phenyl‐5H,7H‐thiazolo[3,4‐c]oxazol‐4‐ium‐1‐olate.
Authors: Pinho e Melo Teresa M. V. D. , Gomes Clara S. B. , Soares Maria I. L. , Rocha Gonsalves Antonio M. d'A. , Paixao Jose A. , Beja Ana M. , Ramos Silva Manuela 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Characterization of New Biologically Active 2‐(1,3‐Disubstituted pyrazolyl)chromones and Corresponding Pyrimidine, Thiopyrimidine, Pyrazolyl Derivatives.
Authors: Joshi N. S. , Karale B. K. , Bhirud S. B. , Gill C. H. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Phototransformations of Some 3‐Alkoxy‐2‐styrylchromones: Type II Cyclizations of 1,4‐ and 1,6‐Biradicals.
Authors: Gupta Satish C. , Yusuf Mohamad , Sharma Somesh , Saini Ashok , Arora Surinder , Kamboj Ramesh C. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Concise Asymmetric Synthesis of (5R)‐6‐Hydroxy‐3,8‐dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane Derivatives.
Authors: Pan Chong‐Feng , Zhang Zu‐Hui , Sun Gao‐Jun , Wang Zhi‐Yong 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
One‐Step Synthesis of Aminopyrimidines from 5‐Oxo‐4H‐Benzopyrans.
Authors: Salfran Esperanza , Suarez Margarita , Verdecia Yamila , Alvarez Amaury , Ochoa Estael , Matinez‐Alvarez Roberto , Seoaneb Carlos , Martin Nazario 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Heterocyclization of Oximes of 3,5‐Dimethyl(1,3,5‐trimethyl)‐2,6‐diphenylpiperid‐4‐ones and N‐Benzylpyrrolid‐3‐ones with Acetylene in a Superbasic Medium.
Authors: Voskressensky L. G. , Borisova T. N. , Varlamov A. V. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of 2‐Trihalomethyl‐3,4‐dihydrothieno[2,3‐d]pyrimidin‐4‐ones.
Authors: Vovk M. V. , Bolbut A. V. , Boiko V. I. , Pirozhenko V. V. , Chernega A. N. , Tolmachev A. A. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Trifluoromethylated Pyrido[2,3‐d]pyrimidine‐2,4‐diones from 6‐Aminouracils and Trifluoromethylated Pyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridines from 5‐Aminopyrazoles.
Authors: Takahashi Masahiko , Nagaoka Hironori , Inoue Kazuhiro 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
New N6‐Substituted 8‐Alkyl‐2‐phenylmethylsulfanyl‐Adenines. Part 2.
Authors: Biagi Giuliana , Giorgi Irene , Livi Oreste , Pacchini Federica , Scartoni Valerio , Salerni Oreste LeRoy 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
4‐Nitrophenyl N‐(1‐Aryl‐2,2,2‐trifluoroethylidene)urethanes: Novel 1,3‐Electrophilic Components of Reactions Leading to 6‐ and 7‐Membered Heterocycles.
Authors: Vovk M. V. , Dorokhov V. I. , Samarai L. I. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Properties of N‐Substituted (1R,5S)‐4‐Aminomethylidene‐1,8,8‐trimethyl‐2‐oxabicyclo [3.2.1]octan‐2‐ones.
Authors: Groselj Uros , Bevk David , Jakse Renata , Meden Anton , Pirc Samo , Recnik Simon , Stanovnik Branko , Svete Jurij 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Electron‐Transfer‐Initiated Cascade Cyclizations of Terpenoid Polyalkenes in a Low‐Polarity Solvent: One‐Step Synthesis of Mono‐ and Polycyclic Terpenoids with Various Functionalities.
Authors: Ozser Mustafa E. , Icil Huriye , Makhynya Yevgeny , Demuth Martin 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
New Cholinesterase Inhibiting Bisbenzylisoquinoline Alkaloids from Cocculus pendulus.
Authors: Atta‐Ur‐Rahman Atta‐Ur‐Rahman , Atia‐Tul‐Wahab Atia‐Tul‐Wahab , Nawaz Sarfraz Ahmad , Choudhary M. Iqbal 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Towards a Total Synthesis of Quinocarcin: Diastereoselective Synthesis of Functionalized Azepino[1,2‐b]isoquinolines.
Authors: Koepler Oliver , Laschat Sabine , Baro Angelika , Fischer Peter , Miehlich Burkhard , Hotfilder Marc , le Viseur Christoph 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Morphological identification of ganglion cells expressing the α subunit of type II calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase in the macaque retina
Authors: Calkins David J. , Sappington Rebecca M. , Hendry Stewart H.C. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractExpression of the α subunit of type II calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase (αCamKII) distinguishes the koniocellular neurons of the primate lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) from the primary parvo‐ and magnocellular neurons, but whether the same neurochemical signature distinguishes the retinal ganglion cells providing them input is not known. We find that, in the retina, αCamKII expression also differentiates two primary groups of ganglion cell, both characterized by broad, sparsely branching dendritic trees and cell bodies intermediate in size between the parvo‐ and magnocellular‐projecting ganglion cells. Cells in the first group have three or four primary dendrites, a thick axon, and a rounded cell body and likely are made up of multiple types. In contrast, ganglion cells in the second group demonstrate a highly regular morphology, with strictly two primary dendrites and a thinner axon emanating from a smaller, elliptical cell body. This cell resembles the “large sparse” ganglion cell identified by others in retrograde labeling from the LGN and represents about 2% of all ganglion cells. In the optic nerve, αCamKII+ axons are also intermediate in size and form a bimodal distribution, correlating with the axonal sizes of the two groups of ganglion cell. For the LGN, we describe a group of αCamKII+ axon terminals with morphology consistent with terminals from retinal ganglion cells. These terminals form long, filamentous contacts with αCamKII+ relay cells and increase in frequency from the dorsal to the ventral koniocellular regions. Our results indicate that ganglion cells expressing αCamKII represent multiple projections to the brain, at least one of which provides input to one or more koniocellular regions of the LGN. J. Comp. Neurol. 481:194–209, 2005. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
New data for sandwich panels on the correlation between the SBI test method and the room corner reference scenario
Authors: Axelsson Jesper , Van Hees Patrick 
Published: November 2004

AbstractAssessment of the fire behaviour of sandwich panels is continuously under discussion. The fire behaviour of these panels is a combination of material characteristics such as the core material and mechanical behaviour of the panels such as joints, dilations etc. The use of small or intermediate scale tests can be questioned for such types of products.Within the proposed European product standard for sandwich panels (prEN 14509) the intermediate scale test method SBI (EN 13823) has been suggested as the fire test method to certify panels. The standard does, however, use quite an artificial mounting procedure, which does not fully reflect the end‐use conditions of the panels.In a previous research project conducted by Nordtest it was shown that the correlation between the SBI test method and both the ISO 9705 and ISO 13784 part 1 was insufficient. The test data produced for the SBI test method, however, did not use the above mentioned mounting technique.In this article new data for a number of products are added to the database using the mounting procedure of the product standard. The data are compared with the previous data and show that the mounting method of the product standard results in slightly more severe conditions but that there are still discrepancies with the full‐scale test results. The data also show an unacceptable level of repeatability due to the fact that small dilations result in a wide variation of classification result. The new data together with the old data show once more that it is dangerous to make a fire safety assessment of a sandwich panel based on small or intermediate scale tests. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Variability of Organic Matter Processing in a Mediterranean Coastal Lagoon
Authors: Menéndez Margarita , Hernández Oliver , Sanmartí Neus , Comín Francisco A. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe spatial variability of plant organic matter processing was studied experimentally in a shallow coastal lagoon (Tancada lagoon, average depth: 37 cm, area: 1.8 km2) in the Ebro River Delta (NE Spain). To determine the effect of hydrology and sediment characteristics on plant organic matter processing, leaves of Phragmites australis at the end of its vegetative cycle and whole plants of Ruppia cirrhosa (Petagna) Grande, just abscised, were enclosed in litter bags. Two different mesh sizes (100 μm and 2 mm) were used to study the effect of macroinvertebrates on decomposition. The bags were placed in the water column and approximately 15 cm above the sediment at 6 different locations in the lagoon. The experiment was performed twice, in autumn‐winter and spring‐summer. The effect of macroinvertebrates on decomposition rate was not significant in Tancada lagoon. Breakdown rates showed spatial differences only in spring‐summer. In the autumn‐winter experiment, the effect of strong wind masked the effects of environmental variables and hydrology on decomposition rate. In the spring‐summer experiment, characterised by high stability of the water column, dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) concentration in the water column and organic matter in the sediment were the main factors determining the variability of organic matter processing. A positive relationship was calculated between P. australis decomposition rate and dissolved inorganic nitrogen in spring‐summer (r2 = 0.92, p < 0.001). (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Modulation of adenyl cyclase activity in the gills of Tapes philippinarum
Authors: Valbonesi Paola , Caselli Federico , Capuzzo Antonio , Fabbri Elena 
Published: November 2004

AbstractAdenyl cyclase (AC) plays a pivotal role in cell signaling. The AC system of bivalves has received little attention so far, and our study has been addressed to the characterization of AC properties in the gills of T. philippinarum. The enzyme showed a Km value of 0.77 mM for ATP in the presence of 5 mM Mg2+; in the absence of agonists, it was poorly affected by GTP, while it was stimulated by GTPγS and GppNHp up to 14‐fold and 4‐fold, respectively. Similarly to other invertebrates, the enzyme activity was scarcely stimulated by forskolin. The receptor agonist serotonin (5‐HT) significantly stimulated the AC activity, and the pharmacological profile of the 5‐HT receptor/s was as follows: (+)butaclamol > dihydroergocryptine > methysergide > prazosin > yohimbine. The AC activity was assessed in vitro in the presence of tributyltin chloride and HgCl2, which reduced the AC activity only at the highest dose tested (10–100 µM). Our data indicate the presence of a membrane‐bound AC in gill membranes of T. philippinarum, coupled to Gs proteins and to a specific class of 5‐HT receptors. Such receptors show a pharmacological profile slightly different from that reported for 5‐HT invertebrate receptors cloned so far. J. Exp. Zool. 301A:952–960, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of exercise on plasma catecholamine levels in the toad, Bufo paracnemis: Role of the adrenals and neural control
Authors: Romero Sonia Maria Brazil , Pereira Aparecida Fim , Garófalo Maria Antonieta Rissato , Hoffmann Anette 
Published: November 2004

AbstractResting plasma epinephrine (E) and norepinephrine (N) concentrations for intact toads (Bufo paracnemis) were 5.57±1.0 and 0.88±0.38 ng/ml, respectively. Exercise induced a significant increase in heart rate, blood pressure and plasma epinephrine (about 4.3 times), whereas norepinephrine remained unchanged. The resting [E]/[N] ratio was 6.3 and increased to 32.9 during exercise. Adrenal denervation did not alter the basal plasma catecholamine or norepinephrine levels after exercise, but prevented the increase in epinephrine during exercise, suggesting that in the intact toad this increase is due to adrenal secretion whereas resting norepinephrine may be liberated by extra‐adrenal chromaffin tissues. This also suggests that the adrenal glands can release selectively the two catecholamines. The increases in heart rate and blood pressure in denervated toads were not significantly different from those of intact animals, suggesting that during exercise the sympathetic nerves play the main role in inducing cardiovascular responses. Spinal transection induced a significant increase in basal norepinephrine levels, which remained elevated after exercise. Since spinal toads are unable to perform spontaneous movements it is possible that this increase may be caused by this stressful condition. The increases in heart rate and blood pressure observed in spinal toads during exercise may be due to direct mechanical effects of venous return on the heart. J. Exp. Zool. 301A:911–918, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Morphometric and anatomic study of the forelimb of the dog
Authors: Shahar Ron , Milgram Joshua 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe object of this study was to obtain the anatomic and morphometric data required for biomechanical analyses of the forelimb in dogs. Following the euthanasia of four healthy, adult, crossbred dogs, 44 muscles of the right forelimb were identified and meticulously removed. Morphometric data for all muscles were collected and physiologic cross‐sectional areas (PCSA) and architectural indices (AI) were calculated. The coordinates of the origin and insertion of each muscle were determined using orthogonal, right‐handed coordinate systems embedded in the scapula, humerus, and radius‐ulna. The PCSA and AI were calculated for all the muscles and coordinates for the origins and insertions of these muscles were determined. Results provide the morphometric and anatomic data necessary for three‐dimensional biomechanical studies of the forelimb in dogs. J. Morphol. 263:107–117, 2005. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
On the convergence properties of the method of auxiliary sources in 3D problems with open boundaries
Authors: Papakanellos P. J. , Heretakis I. I. , Capsalis C. N. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractIn this paper, the convergence behaviour of the method of auxiliary sources (MAS) is studied in cases of simple three‐dimensional (3D) problems with open regions. For the assessment of the convergence behaviour in such cases in a general manner, the cases considered herein consist in elemental electric dipoles radiating in the close proximity to a planar dissipative ground. Both vertically and horizontally oriented dipoles with respect to the ground plane are examined. The aim of the study is to investigate the interrelation between the auxiliary sources locations and the resultant field continuity errors. For this, the dependence of the boundary conditions errors on the number and spacing of the auxiliary sources is exhibited and general rules regarding their behaviour are extracted. Moreover, the influence of these errors on quantities of interest is examined. Finally, a few concluding remarks are outlined and their possible utilization in cases of more composite 3D problems is discussed. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In vivo quantification of T1ρ using a multislice spin‐lock pulse sequence
Authors: Wheaton Andrew J. , Borthakur Arijitt , Kneeland J. Bruce , Regatte Ravinder R. , Akella Sarma V. S. , Reddy Ravinder 
Published: November 2004

AbstractA multislice spin‐lock (MS‐SL) pulse sequence is implemented on a clinical scanner to acquire multiple images with spin‐lock‐generated contrast of the knee joints of six healthy human subjects. The MS‐SL sequence produces images with T1ρ contrast with an additional factor of intrinsic T2ρ weighting, which hinders direct measurement of T1ρ. A method is presented to compensate the MS‐SL‐generated data with regard to T2ρ in an effort to accurately calculate multislice T1ρ maps in a feasible experimental time. The T2ρ‐compensated multislice T1ρ maps produced errors in the measurement of T1ρ in healthy patellar cartilage of ∼5% compared to the gold standard measurement of T1ρ acquired with single‐slice spin‐lock pulse sequence. The MS‐SL sequence has potential as an important clinical tool for the acquisition of multislice T1ρ‐weighted images and/or quantitative multislice T1ρ maps. Magn Reson Med 52:1453–1458, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pair density related to one‐electron information for the ground state of spin‐compensated two‐electron systems
Authors: Amovilli C. , March N. H. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe recent study by Joubert on effects of Coulomb repulsions in a many‐electron system has focused attention on an integral identity involving the pair density. This has motivated the derivation presented here of a vectorial differential form related to this integral result. Our differential identity is then illustrated explicitly by using (i) an exact ground‐state wave function for the so‐called Hookean atom having external potential energy (1/2)kr2, with k = 1/4, and (ii) Moshinsky's model in which both the interparticle interaction and the external potential are of harmonic type. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2005
Linear equations with random variables
Authors: Tango Toshiro 
Published: November 2004

AbstractA system of linear equations is presented where the unknowns are unobserved values of random variables. A maximum likelihood estimator assuming a multivariate normal distribution and a non‐parametric proportional allotment estimator are proposed for the unobserved values of the random variables and for their means. Both estimators can be computed by simple iterative procedures and are shown to perform similarly. The methods are illustrated with data from a national nutrition survey in Japan. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The utility of prior information and stratification for parameter estimation with two screening tests but no gold standard
Authors: Gustafson Paul 
Published: November 2004

AbstractWhen a gold standard screening or diagnostic test is not routinely available, it is common to apply two different imperfect tests to subjects from a study population. There is a considerable literature on estimating relevant parameters from the resultant data. In the situation that test sensitivities and specificities are unknown, several inferential strategies have been proposed. One suggestion is to use rough knowledge about the unknown test characteristics as prior information in a Bayesian analysis. Another suggestion is to obtain the statistical advantage of an identified model by splitting the population into two strata with differing disease prevalences. There is some division of opinion in the epidemiological literature on the relative merits of these two approaches. This article aims to shed light on the issue, by applying some recently developed theory on the performance of Bayesian inference in non‐identified statistical models. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cyclic AMP‐mediated inhibition of gallbladder contractility: role of K+ channel activation and Ca2+ signaling
Authors: Morales Sara , Camello Pedro J , Mawe Gary M , Pozo María J 
Published: November 2004

We have examined the mechanisms of cAMP‐induced gallbladder relaxation by recording isometric tension and membrane potential in the intact tissue, and global intracellular calcium concentrations ([Ca2+]i) and F‐actin content in isolated myocytes.
Both the phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor, IBMX (100 μM) and the adenylate cyclase activator, forskolin (2 μM) caused decreases in basal tone that exhibited similar kinetics. IBMX and forskolin both caused concentration dependent, right‐downward shifts in the concentration–response curves of KCl and cholecystokinin (CCK).
IBMX and forskolin elicited a membrane hyperpolarization that was almost completely inhibited by the ATP‐sensitive K+ channel (KATP) channel blocker, glibenclamide (10 μM). IBMX also induced an increase in large‐conductance Ca2+‐dependent K+ (BK) channel currents, although the simultaneous blockade of BK and KATP channels did not block IBMX‐ and forskolin‐induced relaxations.
Ca2+ influx activated by L‐type Ca2+ channel activation or store depletion was also impaired by IBMX and forskolin, indicating a general impairment in Ca2+ entry mechanisms.
IBMX also decreases [Ca2+]i transients activated by CCK and 3,6‐Di‐O‐Bt‐IP4‐PM, a membrane permeable analog of inositol triphosphate, indicating an impairment in Ca2+ release through IP3 receptors.
Ionomycin‐induced [Ca2+]i transients were not altered by IBMX, but the contractile effects of the Ca2+ ionophore were reduced in the presence of IBMX, suggesting that cAMP can decrease Ca2+ sensitivity of the contractile apparatus. A depolymerization of the thin filament could be reason for this change, as forskolin induced a decrease in F‐actin content.
In conclusion, these findings suggest that multiple, redundant intracellular processes are affected by cAMP to induce gallbladder relaxation.

British Journal of Pharmacology (2004) 143, 994–1005. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706006