bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Response of Three Barley Cultivars Hordeum vulgare L. to Water Stress Under Field Conditions
Authors: Mansoor Hasan Najem , Jeber Bushra Abed , Atab Huda A. , Merhij Mohammed Y. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A field experiment was conducted in one of the agricultural fields located in the center of Hilla/Babylon, within latitude 32°31’ north and longitude 44°21’ east. During the season 2021-2022 in a soil with a loam silty texture. The aim of the study is to know the effect of water stress on the yield of green feed and grain and its components and the water use efficiency of the barley crop. A split-plot design with RCBD arrangement was used with three replicates. The irrigation treatments that include the comparison treatment (50% depletion of the available water) were occupied and three water depletion treatments (40, 60, 80%) of the amount of water for the control treatment, the main plot, while the cultivars occupied subplot No significant differences appeared between the control treatment and the irrigation treatment, 80% of the control treatment in the yield of green feed and grains, and thus it was possible to save water by 20% without a significant decrease from the control treatment. The irrigation treatments 80 and 60% showed higher efficiency in using water for grain production than the control treatment. The cultivars showed significant differences in yield, as Bohouth 244 gave the highest yield of feed and grain, and it did not differ significantly from cultivar IPA 99. Also, Bohouth 244 showed the best water use efficiency to produce a larger amount of grain, and it did not differ significantly from IPA 99.
Response of Forage Quality Characters of Oats (Avena sativa L.) to Nitrogen Spraying, Cutting Stages and Cultivars
Authors: Yahya Ahmed M. , Abood Nihad M. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A field experiment was conducted during winter season of 2020-2021 in the Al-Hamdhyia research station, College of Agriculture, Anbar Univercity to study the response of forage quality characters of oats (Avena sativa L.) to nitrogen spraying, cutting stages and cultivars. A split-split plots arrangement according to the RCBD at three replications was used. The main plots included spraying of four concentrations of nitrogen (0, 2, 4 and 6 g N L-1), while the sub-split plots included three cutting stages (40, 50 and 60 days after planting, whereas the sub plots included three oats cultivars ((Shifaa, Carlop and Hamel). The results showed that the spraying of nitrogen at a 6 g N L-1 was significantly superiority and gave the highest percentages of protein, ash and fat (12.99, 26.56, 22.45 and 3.12%) respectively. The cutting stages also significantly affected the studied characters, the cutting after 40 days of planting achieved the highest percentages of protein, ash and fat (13.02, 23.59 and 3.24 %) respectively, while the cutting after 60 days of planting achieved the highest percentages of carbohydrates and fiber (27.71 and 30.39%) respectively. Also, the oats cultivars was significantly differed in the most of the studied characters, as the Carlop cultivar excelled in the percentages of fiber (29.23%), whereas the Shifaa cultivar excelled in the carbohydrates percentage of (26.30%), while the Hamel cultivar excelled in the ash percentage (21.23%). The di and triple interactions between studied factors had significant effects on the studied traits.
Evaluation of the Efficacy of Commercial and Local Entomopathogenic Fungi Metarhizium anisopliae Against Ephestia cautella (Lepidoptera: Pyralida) under Lab Conditions
Authors: Swedaan Smha Sami , Al-Zurfi Sienaa Muslim 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Ephestia cautella (Walk) (Lepidoptera: Pyralida) is a crucial insect of storage products worldwide. The experiments were conducted to assess Entomopathogenic Fungi (EPFs) (two isolates) with commercial formulations, Met 52 EC (Metarhizium anisopliae strain F52) and local entomopathogenic fungal isolates against Ephestia cautella. Commercial formulations of entomopathogenic fungal M. anisopliae affected the main mortality levels in the E.cautella adult at all three sporal concentrations (2×104, 2×106, 2×108 spore/ml), compared to the local isolates of M. anisopliae. Corrected mortality of E.cautella adult caused by both Commercial and local M. anisopliae 7 days after exposure at 2 × 108 spore/ml was 32±1.3 and 48 ± 1.4 %, respectively. 2nd, 5th instar larvae had a higher mortality level than the adults of E. cautella. The results reveal that Entomopathogenic Fungi isolated from the UK and Iraq can be applied as the microbial bio-agent control against E. castella. Consequently, more studies are required to develop commercial Entomopathogenic Fungi of naturally isolated.
Manufacturing and Testing a Double Action Feed Pellet Durability Measuring Device
Authors: Abbas Basim Aboud , Jasim Abdulrazzak A. , Bander Luma K. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The experiment was aimed to evaluate a locally manufactured a dual-action device used for measuring feed pellets durability. The device performs dropping process in conventional devices, then sifting process to separate the pellets from the crumbles simultaneously, with a control the motor speed by using the pulse width modulation (PWM) Technique. The device performance was compared with the durability measuring device of a moving drop box. Rotational speed, diameter of the die holes of the machine was used in this study. The results showed that increasing the rotational speed of the die from 280 to 300 and to 320 rpm, increasing the die holes diameter from 3 to 4 and to 5 mm, led to a significant decrease in the feed pellets durability, for both devices. The lowest die speed of 280 rpm, the minimum diameter of the die holes of 3 mm, recorded the highest pellets durability of 94.45% with the test speed of 33 rpm for the dual action measuring device as well as 93.45% for the movable drop box device. A highly significant correlation was found between data of the both devices. Test device success was proven for measure feed pellets durability.
Maize Production Forecasting in Iraq: A Box-Jenkins Approach for the Period of 2022-2026
Authors: Drebee Hayder Abbas , Razak Nor Azam Abdul , Mohsen Ali Ahmed 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This study aims to forecast the production of Iraq’s maize crop using Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) models. Using the semi-annual data for the period 1980-2021, the production of the maize crop was forecasted for 5 years, starting from 2022 to 2026. The data were obtained from the Ministry of Planning and International Cooperation, Planning and Monitoring Department, Agricultural Statistics Department, Iraq. The forecasted production of maize in Iraq during the period 2021-2026 is characterized by fluctuations between highs and lows, similar to the production of maize during the study period. The highest expected production value of maize in Iraq was in the second half of 2023, reaching 585 thousand tons, while the lowest expected production was 500 thousand tons in the first half of 2022. This study is significant in providing valuable insights that can guide the formulation of effective policies regarding maize production, pricing, and consumption in the country.
Requirements for Developing the Technical Capabilities of Agricultural Extension Service Providers to Face the Effects of Climate Change in Baghdad Province
Authors: Abdel-Hussein Maryam Abdel-Razzaq , Fayyadh Saad Obaid 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The aim of the research is to determine the requirements for developing the technical capabilities of the agricultural extension service providers to face the effects of climatic changes in Baghdad Governorate, to achieve the goal of the research and in order to obtain the respondents’ approval of the requirements (28) requirements were identified in the light of the literature and studies related to the subject and the opinions of specialists to develop the technical capabilities of the agricultural extension service providers distributed on two axes (the ability to know the effects of climate changes, the ability to know the practices to reduce the effects of climate changes). The research community and sample included all workers in the provision of agricultural extension service in the province of Baghdad and distributed to the Department of Agriculture Baghdad Al-Karkh and agricultural divisions affiliated to it and the Department of Agricultural Extension and Training in the province of Baghdad, the number of (110) persons. The results of the research showed that there was a great agreement by the respondents on all requirements for developing technical capabilities.As the requirement (developing the ability of the extension service provider to inform farmers of the impact of climate changes on the production of summer and winter crops) ranked first in terms of the level of approval of the respondents, which obtained a weighted average of (3.84) and a percentage weight of (96.1%). While the requirement (developing the ability of the extension service provider to educate farmers about the possibility of fires occurring in farms as a result of rising temperatures due to climate changes) came in the last order in terms of approval with a weighted average of (3.36) and a percentage weight of (90.9%). The researcher recommended the importance of the competent authorities considering the requirements for developing the technical capabilities of agricultural extension service providers and working on applying them to develop the performance of agricultural extension service providers in the face of climate changes.
Suggestion Patron to Diffusion Evaluation the Fodder Agricultural Technologies in Ninevah Province
Authors: Al-Hafidh Asmaa Zuhair Younis , Lafta Ahmed Hamdan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The research aims to Suggestion Patron to diffusion evaluation The Fodder agricultural technologies in Ninevah Province, also identify some of the domains which related with The Fodder Agricultural technologies. also identify the obstacles which prevent diffusion of these agr. technologies. And to achieve these aims many studies have been reed. The research community was about Ninevah Province. The most important results were : Suggestion Patron to diffusion Evaluation The Fodder Agricultural technologies in Ninevah Province, and the obstacles have been determined such as : Lack of correlation between fodder agr. Extension work and agricultural scientific research also gap of the concentration on the specific training to the producers about the fodder agriculture advisers also gap of the finance for research, and this research reached to some recommendations & proposals
Engineering the cardiac tissue microenvironment
Authors: Ronan George , Bahcecioglu Gokhan , Aliyev Nihat , Zorlutuna Pinar 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this article we review the microfabrication approaches, with a focus on bioprinting and organ-on-chip technologies, used to engineer cardiac tissue. First, we give a brief introduction to heart anatomy and physiology, and the developmental stages of the heart from fetal stages to adulthood. We also give information on the cardiac tissue microenvironment, including the cells residing in the heart, the biochemical composition and structural organization of the heart extracellular matrix, the signaling factors playing roles in heart development and maturation, and their interactions with one another. We then give a brief summary of both cardiovascular diseases and the current treatment methods used in the clinic to treat these diseases. Second, we explain how tissue engineering recapitulates the development and maturation of the normal or diseased heart microenvironment by spatially and temporally incorporating cultured cells, biomaterials, and growth factors (GF). We briefly expand on the cells, biomaterials, and GFs used to engineer the heart, and the limitations of their use. Next, we review the state-of-the-art tissue engineering approaches, with a special focus on bioprinting and heart-on-chip technologies, intended to (i) treat or replace the injured cardiac tissue, and (ii) create cardiac disease models to study the basic biology of heart diseases, develop drugs against these diseases, and create diagnostic tools to detect heart diseases. Third, we discuss the recent trends in cardiac tissue engineering, including the use of machine learning, CRISPR/Cas editing, exosomes and microRNAs, and immune modeling in engineering the heart. Finally, we conclude our article with a brief discussion on the limitations of cardiac tissue engineering and our suggestions to engineer more reliable and clinically relevant cardiac tissues.
Correlates of Spontaneous Blood Pressure Reduction Following Severe Inpatient Hypertension Development
Authors: Garg Kanika , Staunton Mary Kate , Peixoto Aldo J , Wilson Francis Perry , Ghazi Lama 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Severe hypertension (sHTN) is prevalent in 10% of hospitalized patients and treatment guidelines are lacking. As such, patients who develop sHTN might unnecessarily receive antihypertensive medications which could lead to worse outcomes. Our goal was to investigate correlates of spontaneous blood pressure (BP) reduction to help guide future treatment decisions and avoid harm associated with aggressive BP treatment.

METHODS
This is a retrospective cohort study of hospitalized adults between 2016 and 2020 who developed sHTN, SBP &gt;180 or DBP &gt;110 mm Hg, after admission. Spontaneous BP reduction was defined as a SBP &lt;160 and a DBP &lt;100 mm Hg achieved within 3 h of sHTN in the absence of antihypertensive therapy. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify correlates of spontaneous BP reduction.

RESULTS
Of the 12,825 patients who developed sHTN, 44.2% had spontaneous BP reduction. After adjustment, we found that patients most likely to experience a BP drop received steroids before onset of sHTN (Odds ratio [OR]: 1.3 [1.09, 1.56]), had higher potassium levels on admission (OR: 1.2 [1.09, 1.24]) and were more likely to have a history of chronic pulmonary disease (OR: 1.1 [1.01, 1.18]) or cardiac arrythmia (OR: 1.1 [1.01, 1.18]). While numerically different, these differences were not clinically relevant.

CONCLUSIONS
Our findings indicate that almost half the patients who develop sHTN have spontaneous BP reduction. Conventional clinical and demographic characteristics were not strong predictors of spontaneous BP reduction following sHTN development. More research is needed to confirm our findings and help guide treatment of sHTN.
PanomiR: a systems biology framework for analysis of multi-pathway targeting by miRNAs
Authors: Naderi Yeganeh Pourya , Teo Yue Y , Karagkouni Dimitra , Pita-Juárez Yered , Morgan Sarah L , Slack Frank J , Vlachos Ioannis S , Hide Winston A 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCharting microRNA (miRNA) regulation across pathways is key to characterizing their function. Yet, no method currently exists that can quantify how miRNAs regulate multiple interconnected pathways or prioritize them for their ability to regulate coordinate transcriptional programs. Existing methods primarily infer one-to-one relationships between miRNAs and pathways using differentially expressed genes. We introduce PanomiR, an in silico framework for studying the interplay of miRNAs and disease functions. PanomiR integrates gene expression, mRNA–miRNA interactions and known biological pathways to reveal coordinated multi-pathway targeting by miRNAs. PanomiR utilizes pathway-activity profiling approaches, a pathway co-expression network and network clustering algorithms to prioritize miRNAs that target broad-scale transcriptional disease phenotypes. It directly resolves differential regulation of pathways, irrespective of their differential gene expression, and captures co-activity to establish functional pathway groupings and the miRNAs that may regulate them. PanomiR uses a systems biology approach to provide broad but precise insights into miRNA-regulated functional programs. It is available at https://bioconductor.org/packages/PanomiR.
Phylogeographical patterns are governed by geography in endemic polymorphic snail Indrella ampulla (Gastropoda: Ariophantidae)
Authors: Chakraborthy Sudeshna , Sil Maitreya , Roy Abhisikta , Bhat H N Poorna , Saha Anwesha , Narayanan Surya , Sidharthan Chinta , Aravind N A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Genetic diversity within a species can be shaped by abiotic factors, such as climate and geography. We aimed to ascertain the relative importance of these two abiotic factors to Indrella ampulla, a monotypic snail species from the Western Ghats, India, that has three colour morphs with some overlapping distributions. We also wanted to investigate whether these colour morphs represent divergent lineages or incipient species. We sequenced one nuclear and two mitochondrial genes from 32 individuals of I. ampulla. We used phylogenetic, population genetic, and niche modelling tools to address these questions. The results suggested that the colour morphs were not reciprocally monophyletic and exhibited considerable niche overlap, suggesting that they cannot be considered as incipient species. Furthermore, the results showed that the impact of palaeoclimatic oscillations in shaping the genetic diversity of this species cannot be determined conclusively. The Palghat Gap seems to have shaped the genetic diversity in this group to a certain degree. The colour morph distributed south of the Palghat Gap did not show admixture and exhibited the least amount of niche overlap with the other morphs. The geography of the landscape seems to have played a prominent role in shaping genetic diversity in this species.
Exploitation of microbial activities at low pH to enhance planetary health
Authors: Atasoy Merve , Álvarez Ordóñez Avelino , Cenian Adam , Djukić-Vuković Aleksandra , Lund Peter A , Ozogul Fatih , Trček Janja , Ziv Carmit , De Biase Daniela 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Awareness is growing that human health cannot be considered in isolation but is inextricably woven with the health of the environment in which we live. It is, however, under-recognized that the sustainability of human activities strongly relies on preserving the equilibrium of the microbial communities living in/on/around us. Microbial metabolic activities are instrumental for production, functionalization, processing, and preservation of food. For circular economy, microbial metabolism would be exploited to produce building blocks for the chemical industry, to achieve effective crop protection, agri-food waste revalorization, or biofuel production, as well as in bioremediation and bioaugmentation of contaminated areas. Low pH is undoubtedly a key physical–chemical parameter that needs to be considered for exploiting the powerful microbial metabolic arsenal. Deviation from optimal pH conditions has profound effects on shaping the microbial communities responsible for carrying out essential processes. Furthermore, novel strategies to combat contaminations and infections by pathogens rely on microbial-derived acidic molecules that suppress/inhibit their growth. Herein, we present the state-of-the-art of the knowledge on the impact of acidic pH in many applied areas and how this knowledge can guide us to use the immense arsenal of microbial metabolic activities for their more impactful exploitation in a Planetary Health perspective.
Conceptual design and evaluation of a hybrid energy system based on a tri-level waste heat recovery: an approach to achieve a low-carbon cogeneration system
Authors: Albaker Abdullah , Candra Oriza , Al-dolaimy F , Abbas Ahmed Hussien R , Abdullaev Sherzod Shukhratovich , Mohsen Karrar Shareef , Alavi Hosein 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The exhaust waste heat of the fossil-fired power plants and some power generation technologies (such as fuel cells) is a rich source of recoverable thermal energy. Meanwhile, the effective use of the fuel cell's exhaust waste heat in the downstream processes and units can improve the thermodynamic superiority, reduce the environmental impacts caused by the release of waste heat in the environment and enhance the attractiveness and sustainability of the energy process. Here, the multi-variable analysis (thermodynamic, economic and environmental assessments)/optimization of a low-carbon cogeneration process (power and cooling capacity production system) are proposed and investigated. The proposed cogeneration process works under waste heat from the exhaust of a fuel cell, an ejector refrigeration cycle and an organic Rankine cycle (ORC)-driven tri-stage waste heat recovery system. A bi-objective optimization is based on identifying the maximum value of exergy efficiency and the minimum value of the total cost of the system. To highlight the advantages, the behavior of the considered cogeneration process is compared with a system that works under a compressor refrigeration cycle and a single-stage waste heat recovery system (as a reference process). According to the results, the considered process can provide approximately 10% higher exergy efficiency compared to the reference process. Moreover, the overall cost of the considered process can be about 20% lower compared to the reference process. The amount of emitted CO2 from the proposed process can be mitigated by nearly 11 thousand tons compared to the reference process.
Comparing the Performance of Three Models Incorporating Weather Data to Forecast Dengue Epidemics in Reunion Island, 2018–2019
Authors: Andronico Alessio , Menudier Luce , Salje Henrik , Vincent Muriel , Paireau Juliette , de Valk Henriette , Gallian Pierre , Pastorino Boris , Brady Oliver , de Lamballerie Xavier , Lazarus Clément , Paty Marie-Claire , Vilain Pascal , Noel Harold , Cauchemez Simon 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We developed mathematical models to analyze a large dengue virus (DENV) epidemic in Reunion Island in 2018–2019. Our models captured major drivers of uncertainty including the complex relationship between climate and DENV transmission, temperature trends, and underreporting. Early assessment correctly concluded that persistence of DENV transmission during the austral winter 2018 was likely and that the second epidemic wave would be larger than the first one. From November 2018, the detection probability was estimated at 10%–20% and, for this range of values, our projections were found to be remarkably accurate. Overall, we estimated that 8% and 18% of the population were infected during the first and second wave, respectively. Out of the 3 models considered, the best-fitting one was calibrated to laboratory entomological data, and accounted for temperature but not precipitation. This study showcases the contribution of modeling to strengthen risk assessments and planning of national and local authorities.