bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors Influence on Customers’ Satisfaction in Government Owned Life Insurance Firm: A Case of Rastriya Beema Sansthan, Nepal
Authors: Pandey Dhruba Lal , Risal Nischal , Basnet Bhupindra Jung , Sigdel Rasmi 
Published: January 2024

Customer service is an integral part of any life insurance company. It is necessary to identify the key success factors in the life insurance industry, in terms of customer satisfaction, so as to survive the intense competition and increase insurance penetration (Nyaguthii, 2013). The important factor in creating customer satisfaction is the appropriate insurer with customers. Insurers believe the factors such as behavior and dealing effectively with the insured, ability of insurance agents to transmit accurate information, establish long term relationships with customers are the important factors in the success of the insurance industry (Vazifehdust & Farokhian, 2013). Thus, the study aims in analyzing the determinants of customer satisfaction in Rastriya Beema Sansthan, an insurance company of developing country Nepal. The study has adopted descriptive and analytical research design. The purposive sampling method is used to collect the primary response from the respondents. The descriptive analysis, correlation analysis and regression analysis have been conducted to analyze the relationship between customer satisfaction with premium, communication, claim settlement, service recovery and service quality in Rastriya Beema Sansthan. The study concludes that the service quality has no impact on customer satisfaction whereas other variables tested have been found significant. The results of the research are expected to hit the policy of Rastriya Beema Sansthan with broadening the scope of the study.
Risk Factors and Prognosis of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review
Authors: Alanazi Shahad Zaid N. , Alanazi Rehab Nawaf S. , Alanazi Malak Nawaf 
Published: January 2024

Background: Among adult leukaemias, chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) is one of the most prevalent types. The Philadelphia chromosome, which constitutively activates tyrosine kinase through the BCR-ABL1 oncoprotein, is central to the pathophysiology of CML.
Objectives: To study the risk factors and prognosis of chronic myeloid leukemia in Saudi Arabia.
Methods: PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and Science Direct were systematically searched for relevant literature. Rayyan QRCI was employed throughout this comprehensive process.
Results and Interpretation: seven studies with a total of 658 patients and 357 (54.3) were males. Risk factors for the development of CML were shown to be limited to younger and middle-aged groups, with a slight male predominance. This study showed that imatinib for CML has both long-term efficacy and manageable side effects. Improved compliance, lower blast and basophil counts, increased haemoglobin, increased platelets, and a low-risk score were all associated with different molecular reactions to imatinib. Future research is required to assess the possible risk factors, management lines, and prognostic factors of CML in Saudi population.
Relationship between Cultural Capital and Social Capital with Personal Hygiene Habits among Elderly Men
Authors: Anwar Sufyan , Alamsyah T. , Marniati  , Khairunnas  , Muliadi Teuku , Ernawati  , Safrida  , Murdani Ihsan 
Published: January 2024

Background: The decline in function that occurs in the elderly population is considered a characteristic of their aging process. This certainly affects their behavior and ability to maintain personal hygiene. The study aimed to determine the correlation between cultural capital and social capital with personal hygiene among the elderly.
Methods: The research was an observational study using a cross-sectional design. The study sample consisted of elderly men in West Aceh with a sample size of 150. Assessment was conducted on three variables, including cultural capital, social capital (as independent variables), and personal hygiene (as the dependent variable). Data was collected through interviews using the questionnaire as the research instrument.
Results: The results indicated that the average age of the respondents was 70.90 years (SD: 7.97), with a higher proportion having completed upper secondary education (45.3%) and a majority still being employed (72%). Correlation and simple linear regression analyzes revealed that cultural capital was significantly associated with personal hygiene (p = 0.001), showing a moderate strength of the relationship (r = 0.339) and a positive correlation. Additionally, social capital was significantly related to personal hygiene (p = 0.046) with a weak strength of the relationship (r = 0.163) and a positive correlation.
Conclusion: The study demonstrated that cultural capital had a stronger relationship with the personal hygiene of elderly men compared to social capital, although both played significant roles in personal hygiene. Further studies are still highly necessary to support these findings, both with the same design in different locations and with different designs, such as longitudinal and experimental studies.
Application of Multivariate Principal Component Analysis for Characterization of Leaf Litters in Northern Nigeria
Authors: Akinsola Folasade Aanuoluwapo , Amapu Ishaku Yo’ila , Oyinlola Eunice Yemisi , Abdulsalam Tawakalitu Akanji 
Published: January 2024

This study was to objectively describe the interrelationship between mass loss and leaf chemical parameters of litter species: Khaya senegalensis, Mangifera indica, Gmelina arborea, and Eucalyptus camaldulensis using principal component analysis. Leaf litters were analyzed for chemical compositions. Mass loss and ten litter chemical parameters such as organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, calcium, sodium, total soluble polyphenol, total sulphur and carbon to nitrogen ratio were investigated. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to identify the variation of litter chemical properties. The results showed significant relationships between mass loss and litter chemical parameters in PC1 and PC2 axes. Khaya senegalensis has the highest loadings 84% followed by Gmelina arborea 77%, Eucalyptus camaldulensis 75.3% and Mangifera indica 64.5%. In conclusion, Khaya senegalensis showed a propensity to have a faster response in driving biogeochemical cycling during decomposition.
The Effects of Perception and Childhood History on the Likelihood of Using Corporal Punishment on Children in Southwest Nigeria
Authors: Fakunmoju Sunday B. 
Published: January 2024

Purpose: Despite its prohibition in some countries, corporal punishment persists globally, with parents using it for preventive, corrective, or punitive reasons. However, factors contributing to its persistent use in many developing countries lack comprehensive understanding. This study explores some of these factors—perceptions of physical abuse, childhood history of corporal punishment, and perceived efficacy—associated with the corporal punishment of children in Nigeria, practiced in diverse settings such as home, school, and community.
Methods: A cross-sectional design was used to obtain a sample of 187 respondents from southwest Nigeria who participated in a survey exploring their perceptions, childhood history of corporal punishment, and likelihood of using such methods on children. They consist of 65.8% males (n = 123) and 34.2% females (n=64) with an average age of 26.60 years (SD = 5.91). Descriptive analysis was used to describe the demographic characteristics, and multiple regression analysis was used to examine the associations.
Results: The results reveal that the majority of respondents (n = 174, 93%) had experienced corporal punishment during their childhood and perceived it as effective in modifying a child’s behavior (n = 139, 74.3%). Weaker perceptions of physically abusive behaviors, a history of childhood corporal punishment, and support for the efficacy of such punishment were all correlated with an increased likelihood of using corporal punishment on children, although the positive and negative correlations were low.
Conclusion: Findings emphasize the role of perceptions and childhood experiences in understanding parental use of corporal punishment. Addressing misconceptions about its effectiveness can reveal negative impacts, discourage use, and break the cycle of intergenerational transmission. The influence of weaker perceptions and support for corporal punishment suggests intervention potential, including parental awareness campaigns and educational programs to promote alternative disciplinary strategies for managing children's behavior.
Gene Therapy, Ethics, Germ Cell Gene Transfer
Authors: Nelson Robert 
Published: October 2003

AbstractIntroductionDiscussion OverviewTechnical Issues with GCGTEthics of GCGT ResearchMajor Objections to GCGTEugenics and the Desire to Prevent Genetic DiseaseTreatment and Enhancement: A Role for Positive EugenicsThe Analogy Between Pre‐Embryo Discard and AbortionAlternatives to GCGTGCGT in the Treatment of Mitochondrial DiseaseThe Social and Political Control of Genetic Technology
Recombinant
DNA
, Policy,
A
silomar Conference
Authors: Weiner Charles 
Published: October 2003

Abstract

Introduction

Scientists' Original Concern About Hazards

The Berg Committee Letter

The 1975 Asilomar Conference

Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee

Local and National Political Responses

Evolution of Research Guidelines

Beginnings of Commercialization

Environmental Release of Modified Organisms

Human Gene Transfer Experiments

Limitations of Self‐Regulation
Academic Industry Relationships in Biotechnology, Overview
Authors: Blumenthal David , Campbell Eric G. 
Published: October 2003

Abstract

Introduction

Recent History of AIRs in Biotechnology

Definitions of AIRs in Biotechnology

Prevalence and Magnitude of AIRs

Benefits of AIRRs

Risks of AIRRs

AIRRs in Genetics (A Special Case)

AIRRs in Biotechnology, 1985–1995

Implications for Policy and Management
Federal Policy Making for Biotechnology, Executive Branch,
RAC
Authors: Walters LeRoy 
Published: October 2003

Abstract

Early History and Work of RAC, 1974 to 1983 and 1984 to 1990

Parallel Efforts by NIH and FDA, 1991 to 1995

Verma Committee Report and Orkin‐Motulsky Committee Report, September 1995 and December 1995

Eighteen Months of Uncertainty, May 1996 to October 1997

From October 1997 to the Present: How is the New System Working?
Human Operations in Space During the Space Shuttle Era
Authors: Hawley Steven A. 
Published: October 2003

Abstract
When the Space Shuttle Columbia was launched on its maiden flight 20 years and more than 100 flights ago, it carried a crew of two, an instrumentation pallet as its only payload, and the key mission objectives were to see if launch and landing could be performed safely. That launch also carried the promise of a new era of space operations, including research in space, launching and retrieving of satellites, in‐orbit maintenance of spacecraft, and ultimately the building and use of a space station. Slowly and deliberately during these 20 years, the flight team on the ground and in orbit has developed the maturity of operations in space and the goal of achieving complex operations with humans from the Space Shuttle. This article looks back at the last 20 years of Space Shuttle operations to review what has been accomplished in attaining these objectives. The goal of this review is not to serve as a chronology of all 100 flights, but rather to highlight some of the key milestones in developing the sophisticated level of human operations in space that is possible today.
On NASA promotional material published before STS‐1 highlights one of the claims made for the Space Shuttle before its first mission: “Shuttle crews will be able to retrieve satellites from Earth orbit and repair and redeploy them or bring them back to Earth for refurbishment and reuse. The Shuttle can be used to carry out missions in which scientists and technicians conduct experiments in Earth orbit or service automated satellites already orbiting.”
The key design characteristics of the Space Shuttle that made these claims possible 20 years ago included a heavy lift launch capability, a large payload bay, a robotic arm, the ability to carry a sizable crew, development of routine extravehicular activity (EVA) capability, and reusability of most key system components. Methodically, step‐by‐step during the last two decades, the ability of humans to work in space was expanded, increasingly more complex tasks were undertaken, and more and more of the resources of the crew and Shuttle were devoted to accomplishing the mission objectives.

Neither large flight rate nor vehicle autonomy has been achieved. In fact, the greatest number of flights flown in one calendar year was eight and, although mission control has been streamlined since STS‐1, particularly by using modern software applications and workstations, the issue of the appropriate division of labor between the ground and the flight crew is still debated today. Nevertheless, the vision of the Shuttle as a versatile platform for humans, hardware, and associated space operations was realized very much as advertised 20 years ago. This article concludes with a discussion of the assembly of the
International Space Station
and what type of vehicle should replace the shuttle.
Extraterrestrial Life, Searching for
Authors: Tarter Jill 
Published: October 2003

AbstractSince at least the beginning of recorded history, humans have looked up at the sky and wondered whether or not we are alone. Traditionally, we have consulted philosophers and religious figures for guidance in answering this question. In every age and in every culture, these leaders have responded according to the particular belief system that they embraced at the time. Today, we live in a very special time. Beginning at the end of the twentieth century, humans acquired the knowledge and technological capability to try to answer this old and important question by doing experiments. As we begin the twenty‐first century, scientists and the engineers may, in the near future, be able to present us with the first examples of life off planet Earth. At one extreme, we may be able to discern at a distance only some very suggestive biomarkers, without knowing whether they reveal the presence of microbes or minds. At the other extreme, it may be possible to discover another technologically advanced civilization and engage in some form of communication with it. In the middle ground, we may be able to acquire actual samples of biology from another world within our solar system and by returning them to our labs, unambiguously determine whether they represent an independent genesis of life. Or, to the contrary, whether all life on Earth can be traced to a distant place of origin.Within this century, perhaps within our own lifetimes, we may know whether the laws of physics and chemistry, operating throughout the universe, routinely produce biology.Liquid water is the key to all life as we know it. Water chauvinism will inevitably guide (and even bias) our search for habitable domains and life off Earth.This article discusses the various searches for inhabited/inhabutable planets. The SETI project (search for extraterrestrial intelligence today and its future are discussed). SETI tomorrow is also explored as is what to do if the search succeeded. Who will speak for earth and what they will say rounds out the discussion.
Size and Shape of Earth from Satellites
Authors: Schutz B.E. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractModern evidence abounds that clearly supports the idea that Earth is a spherical body. The memorable photographs of Earth taken by the Apollo astronauts from the lunar surface and from cislunar space must motivate serious consideration of the sphericity notion even among the hardest skeptic.But the stirring evidence presented in a photograph from space was unavailable to the ancients who had to deduce the ideas of sphericity from subtle effects (such as the sails of a ship slowly sinking at the horizon), from obvious comparative forms (the Moon and Sun appear to be spheres), and from philosophical ideas (the sphere is a perfect geometric object, hence Earth must be a sphere). Although these early approaches spurred the development of the science of geodesy, the revolutionary work of Isaac Newton in the seventeenth century brought the first renaissance in geodesy. The second renaissance coincides with the space age, which brought new tools to the pursuit of ancient questions. The new discipline of space geodesy appeared in the early 1960s, but the areas of geodetic interest go far beyond the classical study that focused on the size and shape of Earth. Modern geodesy includes scholarly pursuits into the mass distribution within Earth, as manifested by the external gravity field, the rotation of Earth, and temporal changes in the positions of points on Earth's surface. The modern tools and techniques of geodesy are used by other scientific disciplines, including tectonophysics, oceanography, and glaciology, to name a few. And the methodologies and concepts are applied to other planets in the discipline known as planetary geodesy. This article gives the history of the various periods and ends with a discussion of using satellites and computers to describe the Earth's shape
Communications Satellites, Technology of
Authors: Dorfman Steven D. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractIn 1895, a Russian scientist, Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, gave the world its first vision of a stationary satellite. He observed that an object orbiting Earth at 22,300 miles up would match the angular rotation of Earth and thus provide a seemingly stationary “star” overhead.Fifty years later, Arthur C. Clarke expanded on this vision. In 1945, he indicated that such an object orbiting Earth at 22,300 miles up must also have its orbit in the equatorial plane to be considered stationary. Clarke called the object a “satellite” and further noted that providing a satellite in this orbit with a communications repeater could produce a very valuable communications capability. Clarke named such satellites “geostationary communication satellites.” Clarke postulated that three geostationary satellites spaced 120° apart would provide full global communications coverage for telephone and television service to the world's population.Clarke's concept was ahead of the technologies needed to make it a reality. This article gives the history of communication satellites. In a few decades, communications satellites have become an indispensable part of the world’s communications infrastructure Orbits, communication links, on‐board antennas, ground antennas are discussed. Communication satellites have two different designs: spinner and body‐stabilized satellites new technology in digitization, power, propulsion, and systems are introduced.
Biomedical Support of Piloted Spaceflight
Authors: Grigoriev A.I. , Malashenkov D.K. 
Published: October 2003

Abstract
Recent progress in the conquest of space and in piloted cosmonautics is the result of developments in space technology and hardware and, to a significant extent, has also depended on the solution of complex biomedical problems and other achievements in space biology and space medicine. During the period under discussion, the duration of space flight has increased to 14.5 months for men and 6 months for women. The long period during which the Mir orbital station was used (15 years) has generated unique experience in solving biomedical problems to ensure the safety and efficiency of increasingly long spaceflights.
Space medicine is basically a type of prophylactic medicine. Its duties include predicting all of the physiological consequences of exposure to spaceflight factors and preventing or curtailing likely disruptions in the functioning of various systems.
Support of piloted spaceflights involves a complex set of biomedical, technical, and organizational measures directed at creating the conditions required if normal human vital processes are to occur in space and using special means and methods to maintain cosmonaut health and performance at the level needed to ensure completing the standard flight program and for high crew efficiency if contingency or emergency situations occur.

Many years of research conducted by the Institute of Biomedical Problems jointly with a number of other organizations (see section on

) has resulted in creating an efficient biomedical piloted spaceflight support system. This system is discussed in this article. The overall program of measures performed by personnel working in space medicine is very extensive and includes three phases: preflight, in‐flight and postflight.
Conversion of Missiles into Space Launch Vehicles
Authors: Konyukhov Stanislav Nikolaevich 
Published: October 2003

Abstract
This article begins with a brief history of the Yuzhnoe Design Bureau, one of the leading design bureaus in the Soviet Union and Ukraine. The Yuzhnoe Design Bureau designed numerous strategic missile systems, launch vehicles, and spacecraft. One interesting aspect of this history involves the conversion of missiles into space launch vehicles by a team of developers led by the Yuzhnoe Design Bureau, well in advance of the officially announced USSR conversion effort. The history of the design bureau is given. Details of the various genarations of missle systems and launch vehicles are given. The final discussion is about the Dneper launch vehicle based on a decommissioned 15A18 missile.
Eastern Launch Facilities, Kennedy Space Center
Authors: Neilon John J. 
Published: October 2003

Abstract
The Eastern Test Range (ETR) is the familiar designation of a group
of bases, facilities, and installations that support space vehicle launches
from Cape Canaveral Air Station (CCAS) and the Kennedy Space Center (KSC) and
ballistic missile test launches from or near the Cape Canaveral Air Station. It
is operated by the United States Air Force's 45th Space Wing, which
provides services to itself as a launch agency as well as to the other
Government and private agencies that use the launch bases at Cape Canaveral and
KSC. The ETR, or “The Range” as it is often called, extends from
the Atlantic Coast of central Florida, including the well‐known Cape
Canaveral launch base and its Headquarters about 20 miles south at Patrick Air
Force Base, southeast along the Bahamas, the West Indies, and on to Ascension
Island in the South Atlantic Ocean. Recently, bases in Bermuda and Newfoundland
have been added to support launches that have more northerly azimuths.
This article gives details on the Eastern Range facilities: the
missile assembly buildings, propellant storage, control center, skid skip,
tracking stations, range support, safety, and instrumentation.
The Kennedy Space Center and the various missions launched from the
center are discussed. Apollo operations, Skylab, Space Shuttle,
Apollo‐Soyuz Test Program, and the International Space Station are
detailed.
The article concludes with NASA's requirements to keep the
public informed of its activities and the ways NASA accommodates visitors to
the Space Center.