bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting intratumoral fluid pressure and liposome accumulation using physics informed deep learning
Authors: Meaney Cameron , Stapleton Shawn , Kohandel Mohammad 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLiposome-based anticancer agents take advantage of the increased vascular permeability and transvascular pressure gradients for selective accumulation in tumors, a phenomenon known as the enhanced permeability and retention(EPR) effect. The EPR effect has motivated the clinical use of nano-therapeutics, with mixed results on treatment outcome. High interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) has been shown to limit liposome drug delivery to central tumour regions. Furthermore, high IFP is an independent prognostic biomarker for treatment efficacy in radiation therapy and chemotherapy for some solid cancers. Therefore, accurately measuring spatial liposome accumulation and IFP distribution within a solid tumour is crucial for optimal treatment planning. In this paper, we develop a model capable of predicting voxel-by-voxel intratumoral liposome accumulation and IFP using pre and post administration imaging. Our approach is based on physics informed machine learning, a novel technique combining machine learning and partial differential equations. through application to a set of mouse data and a set of synthetically-generated tumours, we show that our approach accurately predicts the spatial liposome accumulation and IFP for an individual tumour while relying on minimal information. This is an important result with applications for forecasting tumour progression and designing treatment.
Comparison between vision transformers and convolutional neural networks to predict non-small lung cancer recurrence
Authors: Fanizzi Annarita , Fadda Federico , Comes Maria Colomba , Bove Samantha , Catino Annamaria , Di Benedetto Erika , Milella Angelo , Montrone Michele , Nardone Annalisa , Soranno Clara , Rizzo Alessandro , Guven Deniz Can , Galetta Domenico , Massafra Raffaella 
Published: November 2023

AbstractNon-Small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most dangerous cancers, with 85% of all new lung cancer diagnoses and a 30–55% of recurrence rate after surgery. Thus, an accurate prediction of recurrence risk in NSCLC patients during diagnosis could be essential to drive targeted therapies preventing either overtreatment or undertreatment of cancer patients. The radiomic analysis of CT images has already shown great potential in solving this task; specifically, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have already been proposed providing good performances. Recently, Vision Transformers (ViTs) have been introduced, reaching comparable and even better performances than traditional CNNs in image classification. The aim of the proposed paper was to compare the performances of different state-of-the-art deep learning algorithms to predict cancer recurrence in NSCLC patients. In this work, using a public database of 144 patients, we implemented a transfer learning approach, involving different Transformers architectures like pre-trained ViTs, pre-trained Pyramid Vision Transformers, and pre-trained Swin Transformers to predict the recurrence of NSCLC patients from CT images, comparing their performances with state-of-the-art CNNs. Although, the best performances in this study are reached via CNNs with AUC, Accuracy, Sensitivity, Specificity, and Precision equal to 0.91, 0.89, 0.85, 0.90, and 0.78, respectively, Transformer architectures reach comparable ones with AUC, Accuracy, Sensitivity, Specificity, and Precision equal to 0.90, 0.86, 0.81, 0.89, and 0.75, respectively. Based on our preliminary experimental results, it appears that Transformers architectures do not add improvements in terms of predictive performance to the addressed problem.
Negative mood state in Kermanshah population during COVID-19 quarantine linked to low physical activity levels: a cross-sectional online survey study
Authors: Azizi Mohammad , Aghababa Alireza , Hoseini Rastegar , Rohani Hadi , Nabilpour Maghsoud , Moradi Fardin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractOne of the most significant consequences of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is the anxiety and stress it causes among the general population, which can be reduced by engaging in regular physical activity. The aim of this study was to estimate the levels of physical activity and mood state during the COVID-19 quarantine among the Kermanshah population. In this cross-sectional study, a total of 2471 subjects (1256 males and 1215 females) were selected in the population of Kermanshah in the west of Iran, using the convenience sampling method. Physical activity levels were assessed using the physical activity (PA) questionnaire short form (IPAQ-SF), and mood state was measured by the abbreviated form of the Iranian version of the standard POMS questionnaire (Bill Morgan 1979). Participants completed the online questionnaire between March 28th and May 20th, 2020. Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, and percentage), and deductive (Chi-square and Spearman's correlation) were used for data analysis. our study found that the majority of participants reported decreased PA levels during the quarantine period. Specifically, 71.7% reported a decrease in moderate-intensity physical activity, 80.5% reported a decrease in high-intensity PA, and 71.3% reported a decrease in the total volume of PA. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the number of sessions (P=0.001), intensity (P=0.001), and duration of exercise (P=0.001) before and during the coronavirus. There was a significant positive relationship between low (r=0.93; P=0.001) and high (r=0.673; P=0.034) levels of PA and negative mood state. Additionally, there was a positive relationship between moderate PA level (r=0.82; P=0.001) and a positive mood states. The study suggests that the current quarantine has negatively affected the mood states of the participants. Overall, the study recommends regular PA to prevent COVID-19 while adhering to health and safety protocols.
Disrupted propionate metabolism evokes transcriptional changes in the heart by increasing histone acetylation and propionylation
Authors: Park Kyung Chan , Crump Nicholas T. , Louwman Niamh , Krywawych Steve , Cheong Yuen Jian , Vendrell Iolanda , Gill Eleanor K. , Gunadasa-Rohling Mala , Ford Kerrie L. , Hauton David , Fournier Marjorie , Pires Elisabete , Watson Lydia , Roseman Gerald , Holder James , Koschinski Andreas , Carnicer Ricardo , Curtis M. Kate , Zaccolo Manuela , Hulikova Alzbeta , Fischer Roman , Kramer Holger B. , McCullagh James S. O. , Trefely Sophie , Milne Thomas A. , Swietach Pawel 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPropiogenic substrates and gut bacteria produce propionate, a post-translational protein modifier. In this study, we used a mouse model of propionic acidaemia (PA) to study how disturbances to propionate metabolism result in histone modifications and changes to gene expression that affect cardiac function. Plasma propionate surrogates were raised in PA mice, but female hearts manifested more profound changes in acyl-CoAs, histone propionylation and acetylation, and transcription. These resulted in moderate diastolic dysfunction with raised diastolic Ca2+, expanded end-systolic ventricular volume and reduced stroke volume. Propionate was traced to histone H3 propionylation and caused increased acetylation genome-wide, including at promoters of Pde9a and Mme, genes related to contractile dysfunction through downscaled cGMP signaling. The less severe phenotype in male hearts correlated with β-alanine buildup. Raising β-alanine in cultured myocytes treated with propionate reduced propionyl-CoA levels, indicating a mechanistic relationship. Thus, we linked perturbed propionate metabolism to epigenetic changes that impact cardiac function.
Visible-light-driven selective difluoroalkylation of α-CF3 alkenes to access CF2-containing gem-difluoroalkenes and trifluoromethylalkanes
Authors: Lei Panpan , Chen Bingran , Zhang Tonghui , Chen Qinlin , Xuan Liangming , Wang Haifeng , Yan Qiongjiao , Wang Wei , Zeng Jie , Chen Fener 
Published: November 2023

A visible-light-mediated selective difluoroalkylation of α-trifluoromethyl alkenes with difluoroalkylating reagents was developed. This protocol allowed the formation of gem-difluoroalkene difluoroacetates and trifluoromethylated difluoroacetamides.
Mutual inductance calculation for rectangular and circular coils with parallel axes
Authors: Yu Dongze , Chen Baichao , Luo Yao , Zhou Xinglong , Yu Yue , Yang Xinyi , Xiang Yike 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSimple and practical methods have been provided for the mutual inductance between rectangular and circular coils with parallel axes. The 2D Integral solution is given for the coils without the axial overlap. To improve the efficacy of the proposed approach for the partial or full axial overlap, the series solution derived by the truncated region eigenfunction expansion (TREE) is provided. Both integral and TREE expressions show very high accuracy through comparison with the finite element method simulation and experiment results. Numerical comparisons reveal that the TREE solution is the most efficient while keeping sufficient accuracy, and it is also applicable to all sorts of coil positions.
Optimal locating and sizing of charging stations for large‐scale areas based on GIS data and grid partitioning
Authors: Prakobkaew Pokpong , Sirisumrannukul Somporn 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis research proposes an optimisation model for identifying the optimal locations and sizes of public charging stations for large‐scale areas based on geographic information system (GIS) data and grid partitioning. A grid partitioning technique is utilised to generate subareas and investigate the demand for electric vehicle (EV) chargers calculated based on the number of EVs in each subarea. The optimal locations are formulated as a maximum covering location problem and solved by integer programming to ensure that all vehicle access subareas, according to the GIS data, are covered by charging stations. The sizes of charging stations are formulated as a knapsack problem and solved by the EV‐charge point ratio to guarantee each subarea has the appropriate number of chargers. The Voronoi diagram is integrated to estimate vehicle density and improve visualisation. The model is extended to include potential power loss reduction by adjusting the distribution of chargers in relation to the proximity to electrical substations. The developed methodology has been implemented by the whole country area of Thailand, which covers an area of approximately 510,000 km2. The study results are represented in a map blueprint that is very useful in strategic planning to support the so‐called EV30@30 government policy's ambitious national target of 2,050,000 units of EVs in 2030.
Triple boost switched capacitor multilevel inverter (TB‐SCMLI) with reduced components and self‐voltage balance
Authors: Hussan Md. Reyaz , Al‐Hitmi Mohammed A. , Siddique Marif Daula , Islam Shirazul , Iqbal Atif 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMulti‐level inverter (MLIs) designs with switched‐capacitor (SC) are on the rise due to their applicability in sustainable energy systems and high voltage applications. In this light, this paper presents a compact triple‐boost switched‐capacitor multilevel inverter (TB‐SCMLI) topology with fewer switches and self‐voltage balancing capacitors. Large spikes appear in the source current and charging currents of switched‐capacitors as a result of the charging and discharging actions of the switched capacitors. In order to suppress the spikes in the source and charging currents of switched‐capacitors, the proposed converter incorporates a soft switching circuit. The soft charging circuit consists of an inductor and a diode in the charging path of the proposed converter to ensure soft charging of the switched‐capacitors. By inserting a small value of inductance in the soft charging circuit, the proposed converter can significantly suppress source current spikes. The proposed TB‐SCMLI is able to provide seven levels of output voltage by balancing the voltage of two capacitors with the given control logic. The various SCMLIs are evaluated to determine the contribution of the suggested TB‐SCMLI topology's merits and downsides. To validate the performance of the proposed TB‐SCMLI, comprehensive experimental findings under various laboratory test settings have been given.
New experiment for measuring the delayed neutron yields of238U fission in the range 1 MeV to 19 MeV
Authors: Belverge D. , Leconte P. , Geslot B. , Kessedjian G. , Mutti P. , Rodiac F. , Pirovano E. , Lutz B. , Ledoux X. , Mathieu L. , Meplan O. 
Published: November 2023

In nuclear reactors operating in nominal conditions, delayed neutrons (DN) drive the kinetic behavior of the neutron population. Predicting this behavior requires therefore the knowledge of the DN yield per fission, average lifetime, and kinetic of their emission, which is described by precursors groups abundances. Characterizing the uncertainties of these macroscopic data is essential, especially as they are used to design the safety margins of reactors.Even for major fissile isotopes such as235U and239Pu, discrepancies still appear between the main nuclear data library. In 2018, CEA launched the ALDEN project (Average Lifetime of DElayed Neutrons), gathering several laboratories (CEA/DES and DRF, CNRS/LPSC, LP2i and LPC Caen, ENSICAEN, and University of Caen). This collaboration aims at producing new precise DN macroscopic data for reactor applications.Three experimental campaigns were conducted in 2018, 2019 and 2021 on the thermal fission of233U,235U and239Pu at Institut Laue Langevin in Grenoble (France), giving high quality results. In February 2023, a new campaign was performed at the PTB Ion Accelerator Facility in Braunschweig (Germany), focusing on the fast fission of238U. In particular, the DN yield was measured for eight energies between 1.5 and 19 MeV. This paper presents the experimental setup, that was adapted to the new facility and neutron spectrum. The methodology of analysis is also detailed, and some preliminary delayed neutron decay curves are showed.
Reactivity modulation experiments for nuclear data in CROCUS within a CEA-EPFL collaboration
Authors: Geslot Benoit , Lamirand Vincent , Jiang Yifeng , Leconte Pierre , Pakari Oskari , Godat Daniel , Braun Laurent , Frajtag Pavel , Pantera Laurent , Pautz Andreas 
Published: November 2023

In nuclear research reactors, integral experiments are powerful tools to measure integral core parameters, such as the delayed neutron fraction. Within the scope of the point kinetic approximation, reactivity modulation experiments can be used for probing the reactor transfer function and then infer integral parameters of the core.
In this context, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA) and Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) have been collaborating for developing a probe device (PISTIL) and measurement setup adapted to the CROCUS zero power research reactor operated by EPFL (Lausanne, Switzerland).
Despite some mechanical limitations of PISTIL, its maximum reactivity worth was measured with a good precision and repeatability using different methods (8.82 ±0.07 pcm), and its value is found rather close to the simulated one using TRIPOLI-4 (9.4 ± 0.4 pcm with JEFF-3.3). Above 1 Hz, the shape of the used modulation is pseudo-sinusoidal, with only a few well defined harmonics of excitation. The strongest harmonic only was analyzed using standard signal processing algorithms such as the Fourier transform and the Bartlett estimator. Twelve data points were produced in the range 0.5 Hz to 200 Hz, with uncertainty ranging from 1 % to 15 %. The prompt decay constant was measured at 150 ± 3 rad/s. Below 1 Hz, stepwise modulations were used with pseudo-random time sequences, which allowed exciting at once a large number of frequencies. Around 150 data points were produced in this particularly interesting frequency domain, between 1.6 mHz and 0.75 Hz, thanks to the use of three distinctive sequences with different base frequencies and overlapping ranges. The amplitude and phase of the RTF were measured satisfactorily, with uncertainties below 1 % for the strongest harmonics. The shape of the RTF was found consistent with the predictions of both JEFF-3.3 and ENDF/B-VII.1 libraries.
Characterization and performance of an acoustic sensor for fission gas release characterization devoted to JHR environment measurements
Authors: Baudry F. , Rosenkrantz E. , Combette P. , Fourmentel D. , Destouches C. , Bonzon P.V. , Paumel K. , Ferrandis J.Y. 
Published: November 2023

For over a decade, the IES laboratory has been working in collaboration with the CEA on the development of acoustic instrumentation in the nuclear field. As part of this collaboration, the IES acoustics team is developing a miniaturized gas composition sensor for in situ measurements of gas composition in a fuel rod. The first experimental use of an acoustic sensor to measure gas composition dates back to 2010 with the REMORA 3 experiment, which estimated the release of fission gas in an experimental fuel rod. Unlike the sensor tested during REMORA 3, this new sensor should be able to operate at 300°C, a performance made possible by the use of a piezoelectric element based on bismuth titanate (NBT). The material is screen-printed onto an alumina substrate. The manufacturing process and initial characterization were presented in the previous version of ANIMMA 2021 [1].
In this article, we will focus on the performance of this type of sensor by characterizing different gas mixtures representative of the gases inside a fuel rod, in order to estimate relative deviations under laboratory conditions.
Methodology for an experimental drift velocity determination using a μTPC. Example in a 700mbar 95%He+5%CO2 mixture
Authors: Vinchon Thibaut , Petit Michaël 
Published: November 2023

The micro-irradiation, neutron metrology and dosimetry laboratory of the Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN) is a National Metrological Institute associated laboratory, is in charge of the neutron fluence distribution references and produces neutron reference fields.
The laboratory is developing a primary neutron-detector based on the use of Time Projection Chamber technology. This detector, called µTPC, can use different types of gas over a range of precise pressures. The analysis of μTPC data requires the determination of both the energy and the track direction of the recoil particles. The drift velocity in the gas is a key data point for analysis. Based on several experimental measurements performed using the µTPC with monoenergetic neutron fields, a direct methodology to determine the drift velocity can be proposed. These results are compared with those found using theoretical drift velocity from the Magboltz simulation.
Ergebnisse der endoskopischen Vorsorge und Therapie des Duodenums bei MUTYH-assoziierter Polyposis
Authors: Haas Sonja , Strassburg Christian P. , Nattermann Jacob , Hueneburg Robert 
Published: November 2023

ZusammenfassungDie MUTYH-assoziierte Polyposis (MAP) ist ein sehr seltenes autosomal-rezessiv vererbtes Polyposissyndrom. Ursächlich ist eine homozygote oder Compound-heterozygote Keimbahnmutation im MUTYH-Gen. Die MAP ist durch zahlreiche kolorektale Adenome charakterisiert, weiterhin liegt ein erhöhtes Risiko für kolorektale Karzinome (KRK) vor. Jedoch kann der Phänotyp sehr variabel sein, bspw. haben Betroffene auch ein erhöhtes Risiko für Polypen des oberen Gastrointestinaltraktes und für die Entwicklung von Duodenalkarzinomen.In diese Studie wurden 15 Patienten mit Nachweis einer pathogenen MUTYH-Variante eingeschlossen, die am Nationalen Zentrum für erbliche Tumorsyndrome untersucht wurden. Die Ergebnisse der Ösophagogastroduodenoskopien (ÖGD) wurden in einer Datenbank prospektiv erfasst in einem Zeitraum vom Jahr 2012 bis zum Jahr 2023.Mindestens 1 ÖGD (Median 4, Spannweite 1–15) erfolgte bei 15 Patienten, von denen 7 eine homozygote und 8 eine Compound-heterozygote pathogene MUTYH-Variante tragen. Der Überwachungszeitraum lag im Median bei 115 Monaten (Spannweite 3–215 Monate). Das mediane Alter zur Erstuntersuchung lag bei 44 (Spannweite 17–65) Jahren. Insgesamt erfolgten 72 ÖGDs (Median 4; Spannweite 1–15). Bei 5 Patienten zeigten sich duodenale Adenome, histologisch zeigten sich in all diesen Fällen tubuläre Adenome mit leichtgradiger intraepithelialer Dysplasie (LGIEN). Die Anzahl der insgesamt detektierten Duodenaladenome lag bei 48, die mediane Anzahl betrug 3 (Spannweite 1–37). Im Überwachungszeitraum wurde weder eine hochgradige intraepitheliale Neoplasie (HGIEN) noch ein Duodenalkarzinom detektiert.Patienten mit einer MUTYH-assoziierten Polyposis sollten in einem interdisziplinären Zentrum für erbliche Tumorerkrankungen betreut werden. In unserer Kohorte zeigten sich mehr Patienten mit Duodenaladenomen im Vergleich zu bisher publizierten Daten. Allerdings konnte durch die erfolgte endoskopische Therapie keine Progression zu HGIEN oder Duodenalkarzinomen beobachtet werden.
Reduzierte Amputationsrate bei Patienten mit diabetischem Fußsyndrom seit Einführung eines minimalinvasiven Konzepts
Authors: Algharib Ahmed , Koning Giel G. , van Dortmont Lourina M.C. , Riedel Sandra , Möller Rüdiger 
Published: November 2023

ZusammenfassungAmputationen sind immer „die letzte Option“ für Patienten mit Gefäßerkrankungen. In Deutschland leiden derzeit mehr als 4,5 Mio. Patienten an Diabetes mellitus. Seit wir das minimalinvasive Konzept zur Behandlung des diabetischen Fußsyndroms eingeführt haben, stellen wir nach kritischer Bewertung einen abnehmenden Trend bei der Rate von kleinen und großen Amputationen fest.Ethik und informierte Einwilligung waren bei dieser retrospektiven Auswertung gewährleistet. Jährlich wurden etwa 150 Patienten mit komplexem diabetischem Fußsyndrom behandelt. Seit Juli 2021 behandeln wir unsere Patienten mit einem minimalinvasiven Konzept als eine von vielen multidisziplinären Modalitäten. Zur Auswertung wurden unsere diabetischen Patienten einbezogen, die in den definierten Zeiträumen von 2018 bis 2023 (einschl. Revisionsamputationen) kleine und große Amputationen durchliefen, und sie wurden analysiert. Wir verglichen die letzten 30 Monate (Gruppe 2) seit Einführung dieses Konzepts mit den letzten 30 Monaten zuvor (Gruppe 1).Insgesamt stellten sich von 2018 bis 2023 810 Patienten mit irgendeiner Form des diabetischen Fußsyndroms in unserer Klinik vor, von denen 242 Patienten eine primäre chirurgische Behandlung benötigten. Patienten in Gruppe 1 zeigten eine Rate von 4% für große Amputationen, eine Rate von 13% für kleine Amputationen und eine Gesamtrate für Revisionsoperationen von 4%. Patienten in Gruppe 2 zeigten eine Rate von 2% für große Amputationen, eine Rate von 10% für kleine Amputationen und eine Gesamtrate für Revisionsoperationen von 2%.Nach Einführung des minimalinvasiven Konzepts als Anpassung an unseren multidisziplinären Ansatz zur Behandlung von Patienten mit diabetischem Fußsyndrom stellen wir in unserer kritischen Bewertung einen abnehmenden Trend sowohl bei der Rate von kleinen als auch bei großen Amputationen fest. Obwohl weitere Forschung erforderlich ist, um unsere Ergebnisse zu bestätigen oder abzulehnen, kann die Implementierung minimalinvasiver Chirurgie in das Armamentarium regionaler Krankenhäuser durchaus zu einem besseren Gesundheitszustand von Patienten beitragen.