bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stochastic kinetic analysis of the Escherichia coli stress circuit using σ32‐targeted antisense
Authors: Srivastava R. , Peterson M. S. , Bentley W. E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA stochastic Petri net model was developed for simulating the σ32 stress circuit in E. coli. Transcription factor σ32 is the principal regulator of the response of E. coli to heat shock. Stochastic Petri net (SPN) models are well suited for kinetics characterization of fluxes in biochemical pathways. Notably, there exists a one‐to‐one mapping of model tokens and places to molecules of particular species. Our model was validated against experiments in which ethanol (inducer of heat shock response) and σ32‐targeted antisense (downward regulator) were used to perturb the σ32 regulatory pathway. The model was also extended to simulate the effects of recombinant protein production. Results show that the stress response depends heavily on the partitioning of σ32 within the cell; that is, σ32 becomes immediately available to mediate a stress response because it exists primarily in a sequestered, inactive form, complexed with chaperones DnaK, DnaJ, and GrpE. Recombinant proteins, however, also compete for chaperone proteins, particularly when folded improperly. Our simulations indicate that when the expression of recombinant protein has a low requirement for DnaK, DnaJ, and GrpE, the overall σ32 levels may drop, but the level of heat shock proteins will increase. Conversely, when the overexpressed recombinant protein has a strong requirement for the chaperones, a severe response is predicted. Interestingly, both cases were observed experimentally. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 75: 120–129, 2001.
Application of statistically‐based experimental designs for the optimization of eicosapentaenoic acid production by the diatom Nitzschia laevis
Authors: Wen Zhi‐You , Chen Feng 
Published: August 2002

AbstractStatistically based experimental designs were applied to the optimization of medium components and environmental factors for eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) production by the diatom Nitzschia laevis in heterotrophic conditions. First, the Plackett‐Burman design was used to evaluate the effects of variables including medium components and environmental factors on cell growth and EPA production. Among these variables, NaCl, CaCl2, PI metal solution, pH, and temperature were identified to have the significant effects (with confidence level > 90 %). Subsequently, the concentrations of NaCl, CaCl2, PI metal solution as well as the values of pH and temperature were optimized using central composite design. The cell growth and EPA production were found to respectively correlate to NaCl, CaCl2, pH, and temperature that could be represented by second‐order polynomial models. The optimal values of the four parameters were determined by response surface and numerical analyses as 8 g/L NaCl, 0.10 g/L CaCl2, pH 8.5 and 19.8°C for cell dry weight (DW), and 14 g/L NaCl, 0.10 g/L CaCl2, pH 8.5 and 18°C for EPA production, respectively. The subsequent verification experiments confirmed the validity of the models. This optimization strategy led to a DW of 9 g/L, an EPA yield of 280 mg/L and an EPA productivity of 28 mg/L/d, respectively, which were considerably higher than those obtained in the previous studies. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 75: 159–169, 2001.
Isolation and expression of a Bacillus cereus gene encoding benzil reductase
Authors: Maruyama Reiji , Nishizawa Mikio , Itoi Yasushi , Ito Seiji , Inoue Masami 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBenzil was reduced stereospecifically to (S)‐benzoin by Bacillus cereus strain Tim‐r01. To isolate the gene responsible for asymmetric reduction, we constructed a library consisting of Escherichia coli clones that harbored plasmids expressing Bacillus cereus genes. The library was screened using the halo formation assay, and one clone showed benzil reduction to (S)‐benzoin. Thus, this clone seemed to carry a plasmid encoding a Bacillus cereus benzil reductase. The deduced amino acid sequence had marked homologies to the Bacillus subtilis yueD protein (41% identity), the yeast open reading frame YIR036C protein (31%), and the mammalian sepiapterin reductases (28% to 30%), suggesting that benzil reductase is a novel short‐chain de‐hydrogenases/ reductase. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 75: 630–633, 2001.
Environmental commitment and manufacturing excellence: a comparative study within Canadian industry
Authors: Roy Marie‐Josée , Boiral Olivier , Lagacé Denis 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe development of an environmental policy represents the cornerstone of an environmental management system (EMS), an essential tool that helps companies both systematically manage their environmental obligations and risks, and promote these objectives throughout the entire organization. The implementation of such policies must rest not solely upon the development of specific pollution‐reduction programmes but also upon more encompassing issues dealing with the examination of existing management systems and work procedures. This paper presents the results of a study conducted in 250 manufacturing firms. It examines factors such as manufacturing policies and competitive positioning in their role as driving forces behind environmental commitment. The study's results demonstrate that environmental commitment is often linked to sound management practices. Good relations with both employees and suppliers, participatory management and total quality management programmes appear to be intimately correlated with the existence of an environmental policy. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. and ERP Environment
Voluntary adoption of ISO 14001 in Japan: mechanisms, stages and effects
Authors: Welch Eric W. , Mori Yasuhumi , Aoyagi‐Usui Midori 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper seeks to understand what factors contribute to voluntary adoption of the ISO 14001 environmental management system by private sector facilities in Japan. A model based on regulatory, competitiveness, social responsibility and organization theory is applied to 1999 survey data. Analysis shows systematically different factors to be important indicators of voluntarism in different industries and for facilities at different stages of certification. First adopters and second adopters appear to be fundamentally different types of organizations driven by different internal and external factors. Although results do not indicate a clear causal linkage between ISO adoption and greening activity, evidence shows that at least two different stages of adoption have taken place in Japan and that ISO adoption is associated with environmental action. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. and ERP Environment
The defense of extreme emotional disturbance in New York County: pleas and outcomes
Authors: Kirschner Stuart M. , Galperin Gary J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA number of studies have investigated the use of the insanity defense; however, there are few reports on the use of other types of psychiatric defenses. This study explored the use of the affirmative psychiatric defense of extreme emotional disturbance (EED) in New York County (one of the five counties which comprise New York City). The results of the study indicate that, as in the case of the insanity defense, EED is rarely proffered by criminal defendants (plea rate 0.84%). The defense only prevailed on one occasion at a jury trial. While the EED defense was successful 39% of the time that it was entered, this was usually only when the prosecutor accepted the argument that was offered by the defense. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Unique case of trifurcation of the brachial artery: Its Clinical Significance
Authors: Malcic‐Gürbüz Jasna , Gürünlüoĝlu Raffi , Özdoĝmuş Ömer , Yalin Aymelek 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe variability of the arteries in the upper extremity is considerable. This case is a report of a trifurcation of the brachial artery that divided into radial, ulnar, and superior ulnar collateral arteries high in the arm; the length of the brachial artery was only 4.9 cm. Because the upper extremity is a frequent site of injury, various surgical and invasive procedures are performed in this region; consequently, it is of utmost importance to be aware of arterial variations. For some medical procedures, there may be an increased risk of complications because of variant vessels; however, for other procedures, they may be beneficial. In addition to presenting a detailed anatomic study of the case, the clinical significance of the variation has been addressed. Clin. Anat. 15:224–227, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Real‐time computer simulation workshops for the process control education of undergraduate chemical engineers
Authors: Young B. R. , Mahoney D. P. , Svrcek W. Y. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractRealistic workshops involving real‐time simulation of chemical processes are introduced for an undergraduate process‐control course in chemical engineering. The workshops are based on fundamental‐process models of industrial unit operations and are designed for the “hands‐on” learning of process control. These workshops can be used in a computer laboratory under all readily available commercial process simulation software, namely, HYSYS, Aspen Dynamics, and MATLAB. This paper reviews these workshops and how they are used for effective process control education of chemical engineers. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 9: 57–62, 2001
Empowerment and mental health in community: narratives of psychiatric consumer/survivors
Authors: Nelson Geoffrey , Lord John , Ochocka Joanna 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper clarifies the concepts of empowerment and mental health and examines their inter‐ relationships in a qualitative study of psychiatric consumer/survivors participating in three innovative community mental health programmes. Focus group interviews with 59 stakeholders and in‐depth stories of six consumer/survivors served as the data base. We defined mental health as the development of choice, control, and community integration and the acquisition of valued resources, and our research identified indicators of each of these qualities. Moreover, we found empowering processes at the micro, meso, and macro levels of analysis that facilitated the recovery of mental health, as well as disempowering processes that impeded mental health. The findings are discussed in the context of the literature on innovative practices and the emergence of an alternative paradigm in community mental health. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Provisional stenting for symptomatic intracranial stenosis using a multidisciplinary approach: Acute results, unexpected benefit, and one‐year outcome
Authors: Ramee Stephen R. , Dawson Robert , McKinley Kevin L. , Felberg Robert , Collins Tyrone J. , Jenkins J. Stephen , Awaad Mohammed I. , White Christopher J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPercutaneous techniques have dramatically changed our approach to coronary and peripheral revascularization. Intracranial atherosclerosis is a highly morbid disease; however, techniques for revascularization are still in evolution. The authors comprise a multidisciplinary team of neurologists, neuroradiologists, and interventional cardiologists who have collaborated in treating fifteen patients with symptomatic intracranial stenosis who have failed medical therapy. The acute success rate (100%) and one‐year freedom from death and stroke (93.4%) using balloon angioplasty and provisional stenting are encouraging. A surprising observation in this patient cohort was that 53% of patients had improvement or resolution of a deficit that was chronic and presumed to be permanent and irreversible. This type of chronic but reversible deficit is termed “brain angina”. The background, rationale for a multidisciplinary team, techniques, and preliminary results of intracranial angioplasty with provisional stenting are presented. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2001;52:457–467. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Abciximab for the treatment of acute distal embolization associated with internal carotid artery angioplasty
Authors: Kittusamy Prem K. , Koenigsberg Robert A. , McCormick Daniel J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCarotid artery angioplasty and stent placement (CAS) can be complicated by procedure‐related distal embolization and thrombus formation, potentially resulting in neurological sequelae. Patient A had CAS of left internal carotid artery and had loss of vision in the left eye with no flow in the left ophthalmic artery. Patient B had CAS of right internal carotid artery and developed left sided hemiparesis with total occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery. A selective intra‐arterial injection of 5 mg of abciximab locally followed by a bolus of 5 mg of abciximab intravenously resulted in complete resolution of the filling defect on repeat angiography after 10 min in both patients. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2001;54:221–233. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Spontaneous chiral separation in noncovalent molecular clusters
Authors: Hodyss Robert , Julian Ryan R. , Beauchamp J. L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA new method is introduced to determine the extent to which spontaneous chiral separation occurs in small noncovalently bound clusters. Soft‐sampling electrospray ionization was used to transfer noncovalent complexes from solution to the gas phase. Mixing D and L enantiomers with one of the pair isotopically labeled reveals the effect of chirality on cluster stability. The observed cluster distribution is compared to the predicted statistical distribution to determine any preference for homo‐ or heterochirality. Arginine, for example, forms a stable trimer with no preference for the chirality of the individual amino acids. Serine, however, forms a protonated octamer with a pronounced preference for homochirality. The implications of these results for the structures of the complexes are discussed along with the broader implications for the origins of homochirality in living systems (homochirogenesis). Chirality 13:703–706, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chirality inversion in the bilirubin molecular exciton
Authors: Boiadjiev Stefan E. , Lightner David A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe bichromophoric pigment bilirubin acts as a molecular exciton in its UV‐visible and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. In both polar and nonpolar solvents, an optically active analog, (βR,β′R)‐dimethylmesobilirubin‐XIIIα (1), exhibits intense bisignate CD Cotton effects in the region of its long wavelength UV‐vis absorption near 400 nm: Δϵ + 337, Δϵ − 186 (CHCl3), and Δϵ + 285, Δϵ − 177 (CH3OH). However, introduction of an amine into a CHCl3 solution of 1 causes the Cotton effect signs to become inverted, e.g., after addition of NH3, Δϵ − 345, Δϵ + 243, and after addition of ethylene diamine, Δϵ − 420, Δϵ + 299. The sign inversions imply inversion of molecular chirality of the bilirubin and the phenomenon appears to be general for amines, including α,ω‐diamines. 1,8‐Diaminooctane was found to be more effective than longer or shorter chain analogs in producing CD sign inversion. Chirality 13:251–257, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Drastic change of local stiffness distribution correlating to cell migration in living fibroblasts
Authors: Nagayama Masafumi , Haga Hisashi , Kawabata Kazushige 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSequential images of the local stiffness distribution of living fibroblasts (NIH3T3) were captured under a culture condition using scanning probe microscopy in a force modulation mode. We found a clear relation between cell migration and local stiffness distribution on the cell: When cells were stationary at one position, the stiffness distribution of their cellular surface was quite stable. On the other hand, once the cells started to move, the stiffness in their nuclear regions drastically decreased. Possible explanations for the correlation between the cell migration and the cell stiffness are proposed. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 50:173–179, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Selective accumulation of the high molecular weight neurofilament subunit within the distal region of growing axonal neurites
Authors: Yabe Jason T. , Wang Feng‐Song , Chylinski Teresa , Katchmar Timothy , Shea Thomas B. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAxonal maturation in situ is accompanied by the transition of neurofilaments (NFs) comprised of only NF‐M and NF‐L to those also containing NF‐H. Since NF‐H participates in interactions of NFs with each other and with other cytoskeletal constituents, its appearance represents a critical event in the stabilization of axons that accompanies their maturation. Whether this transition is effected by replacement of “doublet” NFs with “triplet” NFs, or by incorporation of NF‐H into existing doublet NFs is unclear. To address this issue, we examined the distribution of NF subunit immunoreactivity within axonal cytoskeletons of differentiated NB2a/d1 cell and DRG neurons between days 3–7 of outgrowth. Endogenous immunoreactivity either declined in a proximal‐distal gradient or was relatively uniform along axons. This distribution was paralleled by microinjected biotinylated NF‐L. By contrast, biotinylated NF‐H displayed a bipolar distribution, with immunoreactivity concentrated within the proximal‐ and distal‐most axonal regions. Proximal biotinylated NF‐H accumulation paralleled that of endogenous NF immunoreactivity; however, distal‐most biotinylated NF‐H accumulation dramatically exceeded that of endogenous NFs and microinjected NF‐L. This phenomenon was not due to co‐polymerization of biotin‐H with vimentin or α‐internexin. This phenomenon declined with continued time in culture. These data suggest that NF‐H can incorporate into existing cytoskeletal structures, and therefore suggest that this mechanism accounts for at least a portion of the accumulation of triplet NFs during axonal maturation. Selective NF‐H accumulation into existing cytoskeletal structures within the distal‐most region may provide de novo cytoskeletal stability for continued axon extension and/or stabilization. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 50:1–12, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cisplatin, fludarabine, and cytarabine
Authors: Seymour John F. , Grigg Andrew P. , Szer Jeff , Fox Richard M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDBased on in vitro synergism, the combination of cytarabine (ara‐C) and cisplatin is the basis of many salvage regimens for patients with aggressive non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). However, patients with previously refractory disease are significantly less likely to respond, stimulating the search for novel salvage regimens. In vitro, fludarabine enhances the cytotoxicity of both ara‐C and cisplatin, increasing ara‐C incorporation into DNA and inhibiting repair of platinum/DNA adducts, suggesting that the combination of cisplatin, fludarabine, and ara‐C (PFA) may have clinical utility.METHODSA Phase‐II study of a 96‐hour continuous infusion of cisplatin with two timed‐sequential couplets of fludarabine and ara‐C together with granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor was performed in 45 patients with previously refractory, histologically aggressive or mantle cell NHL.RESULTSPatients had predominantly diffuse large cell and/or immunoblastic NHL or its variants (80%), or they had mantle cell lymphoma (18%). Overall, 93% of patients had previously refractory disease, with a median International Prognostic Index score of 3. A median of 2 cycles per patient were delivered (range, 1–4 cycles) with significant myelosuppression; there were medians of 2 days of neutropenia < 0.5 × 109/L (range, 0–12 days) and 3 days of thrombocytopenia < 20 × 109/L (range, 0–24 days). This was more severe in older patients and was cumulative with successive cycles. Thirty‐five percent of cycles were complicated by infections, nausea and emesis were prominent, but other nonhematologic toxicity was mild. Peripheral blood progenitor cells were mobilized adequately after the first cycle, but collections were impaired after more prolonged therapy. The overall response rate was 48% (7% of patients had complete responses, and 41% of patients had partial responses), with one toxic death due to tumor‐lysis syndrome. Patients with mantle cell lymphoma were more likely to respond than patients with other histologies (88% vs. 39%, respectively; P = 0.019), although three of eight patients had relapsed rather than refractory disease. The median remission duration was 4 months, with 28% of potentially eligible patients able to proceed to subsequent high‐dose therapy. The actuarial 2‐year survival rates were 20% ± 6% overall and 50 ± 18% for patients with mantle cell lymphoma.CONCLUSIONSGiven the adverse outlook for these patients, the results are promising, particularly for patients with mantle cell lymphoma, and suggest that the addition of fludarabine as a potential biochemical modulator may enhance the activity of cisplatin and ara‐C. This is associated with significant cumulative (but manageable) myelosuppression. This paradigm, in which a nuceloside analogue is used to inhibit the repair of platinum/DNA adducts, also may be applicable for the treatment of patients with other types of platinum‐sensitive tumors. Cancer 2002;94:585–93. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10240
Patterns of gastric atrophy in intestinal type gastric carcinoma
Authors: El‐Zimaity Hala M. T. , Ota Hiroyoshi , Graham David Y. , Akamatsu Taiji , Katsuyama Tsutomu 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDMultifocal atrophic gastritis (MAG) is currently considered a precancerous lesion leading to intestinal type gastric carcinoma. The current study aimed to describe the topography of atrophy in stomachs with early gastric carcinoma.METHODSResected stomachs from patients with intestinal type gastric carcinoma were routinely processed, sectioned (an average of 108 sections/stomach), and stained with a triple stain. Sections were scored on a visual analog scale for Heliobacter pylori and intestinal metaplasia. The type of epithelium (antral, oxyntic, transitional) was recorded. Atrophy was defined as the loss of normal glandular components and included intestinal metaplasia and/or pseudo‐pyloric metaplasia of the corpus. Pseudo‐pyloric metaplasia was identified by the presence of pepsinogen I in mucosa that was topographically corpus but phenotypically antrum.RESULTSSixteen stomachs with intestinal type gastric carcinoma were examined. In none of the specimens examined was MAG (independent foci of atrophy) identified. In the majority (88%), atrophy was present as a continuous sheet. Islands of intestinal metaplasia (multifocal intestinal metaplasia) were present within a sheet of pseudo‐pyloric metaplasia. A few specimens (12%) had a non‐atrophic corpus with almost total replacement of antral epithelium with intestinal metaplasia. Multifocal dysplasia distant from the original tumor was found both in areas with and without intestinal metaplasia.CONCLUSIONSContrary to popular belief, atrophy in intestinal type gastric carcinoma is not present as independent foci, but rather as a continuous sheet. Previous studies failed to identify pseudo‐pylori metaplasia as a marker for atrophy. Cancer 2002;94:1428–36. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10375