bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The fluid dynamics of barnacle feeding
Authors: Maar Kristian , Shavit Uri , Andersen Anders , Kiørboe Thomas 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
Sessile barnacles feed by sweeping their basket-like cirral fan through the water, intercepting suspended prey. A primary component of the diet of adult barnacles is copepods that are sensitive to fluid disturbances and capable of escaping. How do barnacles manage to capture copepods despite the fluid disturbances they generate? We examined this question by describing the feeding current architecture of 1 cm sized Balanus crenatus using particle image velocimetry, and by studying the trajectories of captured copepods and the escapes of evading copepods. We found that barnacles produce a feeding current that arrives both from behind and the sides of the barnacle. The flow from the sides represents quiescent corridors of low fluid deformation and uninterrupted by the beating cirral fan. Potential prey arriving from behind are likely to encounter the cirral fan and, hence, capture here is highly unlikely. Accordingly, most captured copepods arrived through the quiet corridors, while most copepods arriving from behind managed to escape. Thus, it is the unique feeding flow architecture that allows feeding on evasive prey. We used the Landau–Squire jet as a simple model of the feeding current. For the Reynolds number of our experiments, the model reproduces the main features of the feeding current, including the lateral feeding corridors. Furthermore, the model suggests that smaller barnacle specimens, operating at lower Reynolds numbers, will produce a fore–aft symmetric feeding current without the lateral corridors. This suggests an ontogenetic diet shift from non-evasive prey to inclusion of evasive prey as the barnacle grows.
Normal Proofs and Tableaux for the Font-Rius Tetravalent Modal Logic
Authors: Coniglio Marcelo E. , Figallo Martin 
Published: January 2024

Tetravalent modal logic (TML) was introduced by Font and Rius in 2000. It is an expansion of the Belnap-Dunn four-valued logic FOUR, a logical system that is well-known for the many applications found in several fields. Besides, TML is the logic that preserves degrees of truth with respect to Monteiro’s tetravalent modal algebras. Among other things, Font and Rius showed that TML has a strongly adequate sequent system, but unfortunately this system does not enjoy the cut-elimination property. However, in a previous work we presented a sequent system for TML with the cut-elimination property. Besides, in this same work, it was also presented a sound and complete natural deduction system for this logic.
In the present article we continue with the study of TML under a proof-theoretic perspective. In the first place, we show that the natural deduction system that we introduced before admits a normalization theorem. In the second place, taking advantage of the contrapositive implication for the tetravalent modal algebras introduced by A. V. Figallo and P. Landini, we define a decidable tableau system adequate to check validity in the logic TML. Finally, we provide a sound and complete tableau system for TML in the original language. These two tableau systems constitute new (proof-theoretic) decision procedures for checking validity in the variety of tetravalent modal algebras.
PyVRP: A High-Performance VRP Solver Package
Authors: Wouda Niels A. , Lan Leon , Kool Wouter 
Published: January 2024

We introduce PyVRP, a Python package that implements hybrid genetic search in a state-of-the-art vehicle routing problem (VRP) solver. The package is designed for the VRP with time windows (VRPTW) but can be easily extended to support other VRP variants. PyVRP combines the flexibility of Python with the performance of C++ by implementing (only) performance-critical parts of the algorithm in C++ while being fully customizable at the Python level. PyVRP is a polished implementation of the algorithm that ranked first in the 2021 DIMACS VRPTW challenge and, after improvements, ranked first on the static variant of the EURO meets NeurIPS 2022 vehicle routing competition. The code follows good software engineering practices and is well documented and unit tested. PyVRP is freely available under the liberal MIT license. Through numerical experiments, we show that PyVRP achieves state-of-the-art results on the VRPTW and capacitated VRP. We hope that PyVRP enables researchers and practitioners to easily and quickly build on a state-of-the-art VRP solver. History: Accepted by Ted Ralphs, Area Editor for Software Tools. This paper has been accepted for the INFORMS Journal on Computing Special Issue on Software Tools for Vehicle Routing. Funding: Funding was provided by TKI Dinalog, Topsector Logistics, and the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate Policy. Supplemental Material: The software that supports the findings of this study is available within the paper and its Supplemental Information ( https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/suppl/10.1287/ijoc.2023.0055 ) as well as from the IJOC GitHub software repository ( https://github.com/INFORMSJoC/2023.0055 ). The complete IJOC Software and Data Repository is available at https://informsjoc.github.io/ . There is a video associated with this paper. Click here to view the Video Overview . To save the file, right click and choose “Save Link As” from the menu.
RoutingBlocks: An Open-Source Python Package for Vehicle Routing Problems with Intermediate Stops
Authors: Klein Patrick S. , Schiffer Maximilian 
Published: January 2024

We introduce RoutingBlocks, a versatile open-source Python package designed to simplify the development of algorithms for vehicle routing problems with intermediate stops (VRPIS). The package offers a variety of modular algorithmic components and optimized data structures crafted specifically to address key challenges of VRPIS, such as a lack of exact constant-time move evaluations and difficult station visit decisions. By using a unified solution and instance representation that abstracts problem-specific behavior (for example, constraint checking, move evaluation, and cost computation) into well-defined interfaces, RoutingBlocks maintains a clear separation between algorithmic components and specific problem configurations, thus allowing the application of the same algorithm to a variety of problem settings. Leveraging an efficient C++ implementation for performance-critical core elements, RoutingBlocks combines the high performance of C++ with the user-friendliness and adaptability of Python, thereby streamlining the development of effective metaheuristic algorithms. As a result, researchers using RoutingBlocks can focus on their algorithms’ core features, allocating more resources to innovation and advancement in the VRPIS domain. History: Accepted by Ted Ralphs, Area Editor for Software Tools. This paper has been accepted for the INFORMS Journal on Computing Special Issue on Software Tools for Vehicle Routing.
How Paradoxes Shape Members and the Member–Organization Relationship: An Identity Threat Perspective
Authors: Farahbakhsh Siavash , Villani Elisa , Linder Christian , Salge Torsten Oliver 
Published: January 2024

Organizations and their members not only respond to paradoxes, but also can be shaped by paradoxes in potentially profound yet highly heterogeneous ways. In our study, we adopt an identity threat perspective to explicate how paradox dynamics can affect members’ sense of self as professionals and their organizational identification as a key facet of the member–organization relationship. The transformational change of a leading public university launching a for-profit business school in Europe in 2017 provides a particularly fertile setting for this purpose. Our in-depth, longitudinal case study spanning 75 months from January 2016 to March 2022 serves as the empirical basis for a novel process model that helps to explain why the same set of paradoxes may have vastly different identity and identification effects not only among members of the same organization, but also within individual members over time. We can trace some of these differences back to boundary conditions related to members’ identity and paradox perception, which jointly shape how members recognize, attribute, and respond to paradoxes as threats to their identity. Overall, our study provides a new lens into the multifaceted process through which paradoxes can shape members and member–organization relationships as exemplified by members’ organizational identification. Supplemental Material: The online supplement is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2020.14630 .
Teaching Earthquake Preparedness Skills to Students With Developmental Disabilities: A Preliminary Evaluation
Authors: Olcay Seray , Ogur Cimen , Saral Dincer 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This study investigated the effects of behavioral skills training (BST) in teaching earthquake preparedness skills to students with developmental disabilities within a small group arrangement. A multiple probe design across behaviors and replicated across participants evaluated the effectiveness of BST when teaching three high school students to prepare an earthquake emergency kit, do drop-cover-hold, and share location through a personal safety app. All students acquired, maintained, and generalized the target behaviors. Participating students and their teachers had positive opinions regarding the target behaviors, procedure, and outcomes. Limitations and implications for future research are discussed.
Phase measuring deflectometry for convex aspheric surface measurement
Authors: Yan Ziliang , Li Dahai , Zhang Xinwei , Ge Renhao 
Published: January 2024

This paper introduces what we believe to be a novel approach to accurately measure the shape of convex aspherical surfaces with large slope gradients. This approach employs a pre-distortion system to enhance the visibility of the structured light pattern that is captured by camera. The data processing involves iterative methods to obtain surface shape data. The initial step in the experimental calibration involves establishing a reference plane, which serves as the starting point for the iterative process. The calculation for slope is subsequently utilized to determine the initial slope of the surface under test, and the height of the tested element is derived by integrating these slopes. Through multiple iterations and continuous updating of the surface height, the precise and authentic true surface height is ultimately achieved. The method’s accuracy is assessed through the measurement of a highly steep convex aspherical area with a diameter of 5.2 mm and a radius of curvature of approximately 7.7 mm. The proposed method demonstrates root mean square accuracy that can reach half a wavelength when compared to the measurement results obtained from high-precision profilers.
Non-uniform distributed silicon optical phased array for high directionality and a wide steering range
Authors: Du Yige , Qiu Yang , Zheng Shaonan , Zhao Xingyan , Dong Yuan , Zhong Qize , Hu Ting 
Published: January 2024

A non-uniform distributed silicon optical phased array (OPA) is proposed and numerically demonstrated to realize high directionality and a wide range for beam steering. The OPA is composed of grating antennas with dual-layer corrugations along silicon strip waveguides, which can achieve a high directionality of 0.96 and a small divergence angle of 0.084°. To reduce the crosstalk between adjacent antennas and realize a wide steering range, the genetic algorithm is improved and utilized to arrange the locations of grating antennas. As a proof of concept, a 32-channel non-uniform distributed OPA is designed and thoroughly optimized. The simulation results successfully demonstrate a two-dimensional wide steering range of 70∘×18.7∘ with a side-mode suppression ratio (SMSR) over 10 dB.
Utilizing rubidium chloride as an effective and stable interface modification layer for high-efficiency solar cells
Authors: Hu Liwen , Shi Weidi , Li Guolong , Yang Yifan , Nie Jing 
Published: January 2024

The presence of interface defects between the perovskite layer and the underlying substrate has a significant impact on the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). SnO2 thin films are employed in PSCs as electron transport layers to achieve high PCE. However, the significant lattice mismatch between SnO2 and the perovskite material leads to a large number of uncoordinated defects at the interface between perovskite and substrate, resulting in recombination losses at the interface. In this study, rubidium chloride (RbCl) was introduced as the interface modification layer between the perovskite layer and the SnO2 electron transport layer to enhance the PCE of PSCs. The research showed that the RbCl interface modification layer effectively passivated the under-coordinated defects of Sn ions and optimized the energy level alignment between the perovskite layer and the SnO2 film. Moreover, the fabricated PSCs exhibited an open-circuit voltage of 1.11 V and a power conversion efficiency of 21.64%. Furthermore, the device maintained 80% of initial efficiency after storage for 30 days in an inert gas environment and 60% of the value after storage for 30 days in ambient air.
Anti-reflection coating with mullite and Duroid for large-diameter cryogenic sapphire and alumina optics
Authors: Sakaguri Kana , Hasegawa Masaya , Sakurai Yuki , Sugiyama Junna , Farias Nicole , Hill Charles A. , Johnson Bradley R. , Konishi Kuniaki , Kusaka Akito , Lee Adrian T. , Matsumura Tomotake , Wollack Edward J. , Yumoto Junji 
Published: January 2024

We developed a broadband two-layer anti-reflection (AR) coating for use
on a sapphire half-wave plate (HWP) and an alumina infrared (IR)
filter for the cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarimetry.
Measuring the faint CMB B-mode signals requires maximizing the number
of photons reaching the detectors and minimizing spurious polarization
due to reflection with an off-axis incident angle. Sapphire and
alumina have high refractive indices of 3.1 and are highly reflective
without an AR coating. This paper presents the design, fabrication,
quality control, and measured performance of an AR coating using
thermally sprayed mullite and Duroid 5880LZ. This technology enables
large optical elements with diameters of 600 mm. We also present a
thermography-based nondestructive quality control technique, which is
key to assuring good adhesion and preventing delamination when thermal
cycling. We demonstrate the average reflectance of about 2.6% (0.9%)
for two observing bands centered at 90/150 (220/280) GHz. At room
temperature, the average transmittance of a 105 mm square test sample
at 220/280 GHz is 83%, and it will increase to 90% at 100 K,
attributed to reduced absorption losses. Therefore, our developed
layering technique has proved effective for 220/280 GHz applications,
particularly in addressing dielectric loss concerns. This AR coating
technology has been deployed in the cryogenic HWP and IR filters of
the Simons Array and the Simons observatory experiments and applies to
future experiments such as CMB-S4.
External evaluation of the Dynamic Criticality Index: A machine learning model to predict future need for ICU care in hospitalized pediatric patients
Authors: Patel Anita K. , Trujillo-Rivera Eduardo , Chamberlain James M. , Morizono Hiroki , Pollack Murray M. 
Published: January 2024

Objective
To assess the single site performance of the Dynamic Criticality Index (CI-D) models developed from a multi-institutional database to predict future care. Secondarily, to assess future care-location predictions in a single institution when CI-D models are re-developed using single-site data with identical variables and modeling methods. Four CI-D models were assessed for predicting care locations >6–12 hours, >12–18 hours, >18–24 hours, and >24–30 hours in the future.

Design
Prognostic study comparing multi-institutional CI-D models’ performance in a single-site electronic health record dataset to an institution-specific CI-D model developed using identical variables and modelling methods. The institution did not participate in the multi-institutional dataset.

Participants
All pediatric inpatients admitted from January 1st 2018 –February 29th 2020 through the emergency department.

Main outcome(s) and measure(s)
The main outcome was inpatient care in routine or ICU care locations.

Results
A total of 29,037 pediatric hospital admissions were included, with 5,563 (19.2%) admitted directly to the ICU, 869 (3.0%) transferred from routine to ICU care, and 5,023 (17.3%) transferred from ICU to routine care. Patients had a median [IQR] age 68 months (15–157), 47.5% were female and 43.4% were black. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) for the multi-institutional CI-D models applied to a single-site test dataset was 0.493–0.545 and area under the precision-recall curve (AUPRC) was 0.262–0.299. The single-site CI-D models applied to an independent single-site test dataset had an AUROC 0.906–0.944 and AUPRC range from 0.754–0.824. Accuracy at 0.95 sensitivity for those transferred from routine to ICU care was 72.6%-81.0%. Accuracy at 0.95 specificity was 58.2%-76.4% for patients who transferred from ICU to routine care.

Conclusion and relevance
Models developed from multi-institutional datasets and intended for application to individual institutions should be assessed locally and may benefit from re-development with site-specific data prior to deployment.
Prevalence and factors associated with sarcopenia among older adults in a post-acute hospital in Singapore
Authors: Tan You Mei Charmaine , Seah Si Ying Sharna , Yanshan Doris Lim , Koh Siew Van , Karthikeyan Ganeshan , Xia Jiawen Olivia , Low Xuan Lin , Quek Hui Yi , Ong Shuyi Andrea , Low Lian Leng , Aw Junjie 
Published: January 2024

Background
Sarcopenia is common in older adults worldwide, but its prevalence varies widely owing to differences in diagnostic criteria, population sampled, and care setting. We aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with sarcopenia in patients aged 65 and above admitted to a post-acute hospital in Singapore.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional study of 400 patients recruited from a community hospital in Singapore. Data including socio-demographics, physical activity, nutritional status, cognition, clinical and functional status, as well as anthropometric measurements were collected. Sarcopenia was defined using the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 criteria [AWGS2019].

Results
Of the 383 patients with complete datasets, overall prevalence of sarcopenia was 54% while prevalence of severe sarcopenia was 38.9%. Participants with increased age, male gender and a low physical activity level were more likely to be sarcopenic, while those with higher hip circumference and higher BMI of ≥27.5m/kg2 were less likely to be sarcopenic. Other than the above-mentioned variables, cognitive impairment was also associated with severe sarcopenia.

Conclusions
More than 1 in 2 older adults admitted to a post-acute hospital in Singapore are sarcopenic. There is an urgent need to address this important clinical syndrome burden and to identify patients at risk of sarcopenia in post-acute settings in Singapore for early intervention.
Geographic variation and racial disparities in adoption of newer glucose-lowering drugs with cardiovascular benefits among US Medicare beneficiaries with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Chen Wei-Han , Li Yujia , Yang Lanting , Allen John M. , Shao Hui , Donahoo William T. , Billelo Lori , Hu Xia , Shenkman Elizabeth A. , Bian Jiang , Smith Steven M. , Guo Jingchuan 
Published: January 2024

Background
Prior studies have shown disparities in the uptake of cardioprotective newer glucose-lowering drugs (GLDs), including sodium-glucose cotranwsporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1a). This study aimed to characterize geographic variation in the initiation of newer GLDs and the geographic variation in the disparities in initiating these medications.

Methods
Using 2017–2018 claims data from a 15% random nationwide sample of Medicare Part D beneficiaries, we identified individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes (T2D), who had ≥1 GLD prescriptions, and did not use SGLT2i or GLP1a in the year prior to the index date,1/1/2018. Patients were followed up for a year. The cohort was spatiotemporally linked to Dartmouth hospital-referral regions (HRRs), with each patient assigned to 1 of 306 HRRs. We performed multivariable Poisson regression to estimate adjusted initiation rates, and multivariable logistic regression to assess racial disparities in each HRR.

Results
Among 795,469 individuals with T2D included in the analyses, the mean (SD) age was 73 (10) y, 53.3% were women, 12.2% were non-Hispanic Black, and 7.2% initiated a newer GLD in the follow-up year. In the adjusted model including clinical factors, compared to non-Hispanic White patients, non-Hispanic Black (initiation rate ratio, IRR [95% CI]: 0.66 [0.64–0.68]), American Indian/Alaska Native (0.74 [0.66–0.82]), Hispanic (0.85 [0.82–0.87]), and Asian/Pacific islander (0.94 [0.89–0.98]) patients were less likely to initiate newer GLDs. Significant geographic variation was observed across HRRs, with an initiation rate spanning 2.7%-13.6%.

Conclusions
This study uncovered substantial geographic variation and the racial disparities in initiating newer GLDs.
Systemic Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin Alterations in Chronic Pancreatitis: A Multicenter, Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Gumpper-Fedus Kristyn , Chasser Kaylin , Pita-Grisanti Valentina , Torok Molly , Pfau Timothy , Mace Thomas A. , Cole Rachel M. , Belury Martha A. , Culp Stacey , Hart Phil A. , Krishna Somashekar G. , Lara Luis F. , Ramsey Mitchell L. , Fisher William , Fogel Evan L. , Forsmark Chris E. , Li Liang , Pandol Stephen , Park Walter G. , Serrano Jose , Van Den Eeden Stephen K. , Vege Santhi Swaroop , Yadav Dhiraj , Conwell Darwin L. , Cruz-Monserrate Zobeida ,   Consortium for the Study of Chronic Pancreatitis, Diabetes, and Pancreatic Cancer (CPDPC)
Published: January 2024

Background:
Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a progressive fibroinflammatory disorder lacking therapies and biomarkers. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is a proinflammatory cytokine elevated during inflammation that binds fatty acids (FAs) like linoleic acid. We hypothesized that systemic NGAL could serve as a biomarker for CP and, with FAs, provide insights into inflammatory and metabolic alterations.

Methods:
NGAL was measured by immunoassay and FA composition was measured by gas chromatography in plasma (n = 171) from a multicenter study, including controls (n = 50), acute and recurrent acute pancreatitis (AP/RAP) (n = 71), and CP (n = 50). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from controls (n = 16), AP/RAP (n = 17), and CP (n = 15) were measured by CyTOF.

Results:
Plasma NGAL was elevated in subjects with CP compared to controls (AUC = 0.777) or AP/RAP (AUC = 0.754) in univariate and multivariate analyses with sex, age, BMI, and smoking (control AUC = 0.874; AP/RAP AUC = 0.819). NGAL was elevated in CP and diabetes compared to CP without diabetes (p < 0.001). NGAL+ PBMC populations distinguished CP from controls (AUC = 0.950) or AP/RAP (AUC = 0.941). Linoleic acid was lower while dihomo-γ-linolenic and adrenic acids were elevated in CP (p < 0.05). Linoleic acid was elevated in CP with diabetes compared to CP subjects without diabetes (p = 0. 0471).

Conclusion:
Elevated plasma NGAL and differences in NGAL+ PBMCs indicate an immune response shift that may serve as biomarkers of CP. The potential interaction of FAs and NGAL levels provide insights into the metabolic pathophysiology and improve diagnostic classification of CP.