bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
November 4 Dinner With Friends
Authors: Suskin Steven 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Since 1988, when the award went to Alfred Uhry’s off-Broadway play Driving Miss Daisy, the winners have been The Heidi Chronicles, The Piano Lesson, Lost in Yonkers, The Kentucky Cycle, Angels in America: Millennium Approaches (Part One), Three Tall Women, The Young Man from Atlanta, Rent, How I Learned to Drive, and Wit. Five of the eleven were, by any definition, off-Broadway plays. Another three, The Piano Lesson, Angels in America, and Rent, won just before their Broadway openings, based on prior productions. Kentucky Cycle and Young Man from Atlanta won long before their (unsuccessful) Broadway productions were planned. Of the lot, only The Heidi Chronicles and Lost in Yonkers were traditional new plays produced, specifically, for Broadway. So maybe it wasn’t quite so surprising that the 2000 award once again went off-Broadway, to Donald Margulies’s Dinner with Friends.
November 8 Morning, Noon, and Night
Authors: Suskin Steven 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The addition of children to a household makes a profound difference in the life of the parents. This is even more the case, perhaps, with parents of middle age, who are apt to be more set in their ways than younger parents. The change in lifestyle can be even more pronounced when a set-in-his-ways middle-aged parent is a selfemployed writer who works at home. Or what used to be home but has slowly been transformed into one-third nursery, one-third playground, one-third storage space for kidstuff, and two-fifths battlefield. Selfabsorbed monologist Spalding Gray discovered a new world at the age of fifty-six, when he found himself waking up every four hours like clockwork to make sure his infant son was still breathing. This change in lifestyle was reflected in Gray’s performance piece Morning, Noon, and Night.
November 11 The Rainmaker
Authors: Suskin Steven 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Miracle Worker. Requiem for a Heavyweight. Twelve Angry Men. Marty. The Days of Wine and Roses. Man of La Man-cha. Judgement at Nuremberg. There is a common denominator here: All these properties began life as television plays, back in the 1950s when television was live and talented young writers had a place to showcase their wares. (Television needed product, and the movie studios— which saw the new form as competition— were not yet ready to provide programming to the enemy.) One of the earliest to make the transfer was N. Richard Nash’s The Rainmaker, which appeared on the Philco Playhouse in the summer of 1953.
November 15 The Price
Authors: Suskin Steven 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
What struck me most, watching this 1999 revival of Arthur Miller’s 1968 play, was how carefully the people sitting around me were listening to the dialogue. Totally rapt they were, as if afraid to miss a word. Which is, for sure, uncommon in this day and age. And I wondered why. Due to the acclaim of the previous season’s award-winning Death of a Salesman, which finished its successful run the week before The Price opened? Perhaps. Certainly they didn’t listen this closely to The Price when it was last revived here, in 1992; nor did they pay much attention at all to Miller’s last Broadway play, the underappreciated and quickly shuttered Broken Glass, in 1994.
November 21 Putting It Together
Authors: Suskin Steven 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Welcome to this celebration of the music of Andrew Lloyd Webber.” (Laugh . . . laugh . . . laugh.) “He can’t be here tonight, because he’s having his bangs trimmed.” (Laugh . . . laugh . . . laugh.) “And if there’s a God, a shampoo.” (Laugh . . . laugh . . . laugh . . . laugh.) The advertisements for Putting It Together indicated you were in for a sophisticated evening of entertainment by Broadway’s most intellectually stimulating songwriter. Not exactly. Jokes about Regis Philbin and Katie Couric? (Laugh . . . laugh . . . laugh.) “Art isn’t easy,” goes the title song, and the producers of Sondheim’s last several musicals certainly learned that “art isn’t easy” to sell commercially. Putting It Together attempted to be Sondheim’s art made easy, complete with jokes that even a tourist could understand. But that’s not what they ended up with.
April 13 (& February 24) Two Wild Parties
Authors: Suskin Steven 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There’s no domain like public domain.
Let’s say someone — Lerner and Loewe, for example — wanted to write a musical version of George Bernard Shaw’s 1914 play, Pygmalion. First they had to make a deal with the estate of Gabriel Pascal, the colorful Hungarian film producer to whom Shaw had assigned the performance rights. Pascal’s estate was contentiously split between his ex-wife and his nonwife, with artistic decisions ultimately empowered to a banker. Once the authors in question came to terms with the Pascal estate, they had to go— hat in hand— to the Shaw estate for approval. Shaw left his estate to a tangle of British charities, which meant even more dickering. Finally, all conditions were met, and the estates demanded a princely sum for their valuable property.
On the other hand, let’s say someone— Bernstein, Sondheim, and Laurents, for example— wanted to write a modern version of Romeo and Juliet. Romeo was written in 1602; Shakespeare died in 1616; and his estate’s solicitors haven’t been heard from since the Great Fire of London. Want to set it amid the gang wars waged on the racial battlefields of Manhattan playgrounds? Sure, why not, no bankers or lawyers need approve. And as for rights payments, the new authors were able to keep all the royalties to themselves. The Bard’s tragedy of Verona and all his other works are sitting there for the taking, do with them what you will.
April 24 Taller Than a Dwarf
Authors: Suskin Steven 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One of the beneficial side effects of Broadway’s present-day drought of nonmusicals is that we get far fewer really awful plays. Voices in the Dark was exceedingly clumsy; Epic Proportions, which was in fact fifteen or so years old, was exceedingly inept; Wrong Mountain was exceedingly — well, wrong; and Squonk was unfathomable. But nothing prepared us, other than a devastating pre-Broadway review in Variety, for Taller Than a Dwarf.
Elaine May’s farce was aggressively stupid. (“It’s just too stupid,” said the leading lady, fifteen minutes into the evening.) The play was about a market researcher named Howard Miller, living in lower-middle-class near poverty in Queens. Howard wants, above everything, to be well liked. Unable to cope with mounting bills, a broken shower faucet, and a ticket for littering, he quits his job and simply plants himself in bed doing jigsaw puzzles. His wife, Selma, his parents, his mother-in-law, and his boss try to snap him out of his depression, to no avail. He is finally roused from his lethargy by a physical free-for-all with his bully of a superintendent.
Nonequilibrium Statistical Mechanics
Authors: Zwanzig Robert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This is a presentation of the main ideas and methods of modern nonequilibrium statistical mechanics. It is the perfect introduction for anyone in chemistry or physics who needs an update or background in this time-dependent field. Topics covered include fluctuation-dissipation theorem; linear response theory; time correlation functions, and projection operators. Theoretical models are illustrated by real-world examples and numerous applications such as chemical reaction rates and spectral line shapes are covered. The mathematical treatments are detailed and easily understandable and the appendices include useful mathematical methods like the Laplace transforms, Gaussian random variables and phenomenological transport equations.
Master Equations
Authors: Zwanzig Robert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Golden Rule is a colloquial name for a standard formula in time-dependent quantum mechanics. It provides a way to calculate the rate of transition between quantum states. It is approximate and has limited applicability; however, it is the starting point for many treatments of rate processes. Later it will be used in the discussion of master equations. This section gives the usual derivation of the Golden Rule. The following section shows how it is used to relate optical absorption spectra to time correlation functions.
Deliberation Aesthetic and Ethical
Authors: Eaton Marcia Muelder 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
TEACHING moral lessons is one contribution that aesthetic objects and events can make to ethics, and we have seen that thinking about how this works shows how firmly integrated ethical and aesthetic considerations can be. Obviously, however, there is more to ethical or aesthetic perception and reflection in the arts than teaching moral lessons. In this chapter, I want to discuss how art figures in what I will call “deliberation aesthetic and moral” and argue that here again we find a deep connection between the moral and the aesthetic, one that implies a kind of merit that is also at once aesthetic and moral. Once again, I want to consider how “real people” use art. I begin with an excerpt from a letter from a friend, Mary Macdonald McCray, responding to a description I gave her of the work I was currently involved in.
Aesthetics and Ethics in the Environment
Authors: Eaton Marcia Muelder 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
AESTHETIC experiences of nature, and the role they play in making lives worth living, are at least as important and central as those experiences that have as their focus works of art1. Kenneth Clark has gone so far as to say that the key term ‘beauty’ may for many people have its foremost application in nature. “Almost every Englishman, if asked what he means by ‘beauty’ would begin to describe a landscape—perhaps a wood with bluebells, and silver birches, perhaps a little harbour with red sails and whitewashed cottages; but at all events a landscape”2. In the last chapter, I suggested that there may be something morally suspect about individuals who do not take an adequate interest in the lives of others. Many people also intuitively sense that something is morally lacking in people who do not cherish aesthetic experiences of nature. Immanuel Kant insisted that we “require” others to take an interest in nature, indeed, that “we regard as coarse and ignoble the habits of thought of those who have no feeling for beautiful nature”3.
William in Germany
Authors: Bosco Ronald A , Myerson Joel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Why would William Emerson, the third consecutive Emerson of that name to attend Harvard College, decide to go to Germany for his theological education? The reason why William desired to study theology was obvious: of all the career paths open to someone of his interests and social rank—religion, law, politics—the one that the Emerson family had historically pursued was the ministry, and William, as the eldest son, was clearly the choice to continue the family tradition.
Charles and Elizabeth
Authors: Bosco Ronald A , Myerson Joel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Charles Chauncy Emerson’s relationship with Elizabeth Hoar can only be understood by recognizing the influences that the earlier loves of William, and especially Waldo, had upon him. In some ways this chapter is as much about “the brothers in love” as it is about Charles and “Lizzie,” as Charles called her. The brothers themselves shared a love for each other, and whenever a woman entered their world, she was immediately adopted as a sister, and responded in kind. As a result, each of the brothers perceived themself as being part of an extended family; and to understand how Charles perceived his own role in this grouping, it is first necessary to examine Waldo and his wives and William and his wife.
Modernisme Catalan
Authors: Clark Walter Aaron 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the nineteenth century, classical composers occasionally had a major impact on poli- tics and culture. For instance, Daniel François Auber’s now obscure opera Masaniello, ou La muette de Portici sparked a revolution in Belgium in 1830, while Verdi and his operas played a central role in the struggle for Italian independence and nationhood. When Sibelius raised his patriotic voice in Finlandia, the world listened. However, as composer and conductor Esa-Pekka Salonen has said in comparing classical musicians of the nineteenth century with their counterparts today, “Their voice was heard. Now we’ve been marginalized t’s only the rock performers who seem to have clout.”
Neurologic Complications of Critical Illness
Authors: Wijdicks Eelco F M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This second edition of the definitive volume on the diagnosis and management of neurologic complications during critical illness has been thoroughly revised and expanded to bring the book up-to-date. Important features include information on neurologic complications in organ transplant recipients, muscle and nerve injury in critical illness, status epilepticus, cerebral edema, multisystem trauma including cervical spine and traumatic brain injury, and prognosis. The second edition includes entirely new chapters on: *Evaluation of coma focused on structural causes *Neurologic complications in the critically ill pregnant patient *Ethical issues and practical problems with withdrawl of life support New material on: *Pathophysiological mechanisms (set off in different type so that these sections can be read separately) *Neuroimaging studies (including the addition of two pages of full color plates) *Electrophysical examples including EEG, evoked potentials, and nerve conduction studies The first edition (published under the title Neurology of Critical Illness by F.A. Davis in 1995) was highly praised as a concise, practical volume introducing this new and rapidly-evolving specialty that focuses on the care of patients in general medicine and sugical intensive care units with significant disease of the nervous system, either as a primary event or secondary to involvement of organs outside the nervous system. The book is intended for neurologists, intensivists, anesthesiologists, pulmonologists, neurosurgeons, neurology and ICU nurses, and transplant surgeons.
Interactions of Nutrient Effects with Other Biotic Factors in the Herbaceous Layer
Authors: Anderson Wendy B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The intent of this chapter is to elucidate both the importance of nutrients in forest herb physiology and community interactions and the importance of forest herbs in regulating the nutrient environment of their ecosystems. Although plants in the herbaceous layer account for only a small proportion of deciduous forest biomass, they perform many important functions in intrasystem nutrient cycling. Understanding the physiological processes that occur in individuals provides insight into how herbaceous species interact with other species and how they function in the environment as individual species and as a functional guild. Most physiological studies of forest herbs have focused on responses to light as the primary limiting resource (chapter 3, this volume); however, nutrients are also potentially limiting and may be as important as light in determining physiological, growth, and reproductive parameters for forest herbs.
Interactions Between the Herbaceous Layer and Overstory Canopy of Eastern Forests: A Mechanism for Linkage
Authors: Gilliam Frank S , Roberts Mark R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A clear understanding of the nature of interactions between vegetation strata of forest ecosystems has implications for both basic and applied studies in forest ecology. For example, community mapping studies may rely on the dominant overstory strata as interpreted from aerial photographs or satellite imagery to represent the entire community. Conversely, site classification systems may use herbaceous layer vegetation to represent communities and their relationships to environmental factors (Cajander 1926; Rowe 1956; Pregitzer and Barnes 1992). In such studies, an understanding of relationships between vegetation strata is necessary if interpretations are to be made concerning the entire community.
Human History
Authors: Mayr Ernst , Diamond Jared 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Northern Melanesia’s modern avifauna has been molded not only by the physical and biological environment in which it evolved, but also by a long history of human impacts. Part II of this book describes the history of human settlement (this chapter) and the history of ornithological exploration (chapter 6) in Northern Melanesia, in order to be able to assess the degree to which bird distributions as we know them may have been altered by human influences (chapter 7). In 1990 the population of the Bismarcks was censused as 435,493; in 1993, the population of the Solomons was slightly larger (128,794 in 1980 on Bougainville, Buka, and nearby atolls, which belong to the nation of Papua New Guinea and which have not been subsequently censused; ca. 333,000 in the remainder of the Solomons, which belong to the nation of the Solomon Islands). The population is growing rapidly, at a rate in excess of 3% per year. The most densely populated areas are New Britain’s Gazelle Peninsula, Buka, the Kieta- Panguna area of Bougainville, Malaita, and the north coast of Guadalcanal, where population densities approach or exceed 50 per km2. Almost all the rest of Northern Melanesia’s land area has population densities below 20 per km2, mostly below 5 per km2.
The Provenance of Pure Reason
Authors: Tait William 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
William Tait is one of the most distinguished philosophers of mathematics of the last fifty years. This volume collects his most important published philosophical papers from the 1980’s to the present. The articles cover a wide range of issues in the foundations and philosophy of mathematics, including some on historical figures ranging from Plato to Gödel. Tait’s main contributions were initially in proof theory and constructive mathematics, later moving on to more philosophical subjects including finitism and skepticism about mathematics. This collection, presented as a whole, reveals the underlying unity of Tait’s work. The volume includes an introduction in which Tait reflects more generally on the evolution of his point of view, as well as an appendix and added endnotes in which he gives some interesting background to the original essays. This is an important collection of the work of one of the most eminent philosophers of mathematics in this generation.
Beyond the Axioms: The Question of Objectivity in Mathematics
Authors: Tait William 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I will be discussing the axiomatic conception of mathematics, the modern version of which is clearly due to Hilbert,1 but one aspect of it goes back to Cantor. I refer here to Hilbert’s view that the demands of mathematical existence and truth are entirely met by a suitable axiomatization. By what­ ever dialectical process we come to adopt the axioms, whatever ‘intuitions’ lead us to them, the question of mathematical truth or existence becomes well-defined only with the introduction of the axioms. Now Cantor is one of the last people, ever, to cite in support of the axiomatic method, but Hilbert’s point about mathematical existence and truth is a natural consequence of the discussion in Foundations of a General Theory of Manifolds (Cantor, 1883) of free mathematics and in particular of the limited obligation of free mathematics to establish only the immanent existence of its objects.
Plato’s Second-Best Method
Authors: Tait William 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
At Phaedo 96a-c, Plato portrays Socrates as describing his past study of “the kind of wisdom known as 7rEpl cpvaiw iaTop Ca.” At 96c-97b, Socrates says that this study led him to realize that he had an inadequate under­ standing of certain basic concepts which it involved. In consequence, he says at 97b, he abandoned this method and turned to a method of his own. But at this point in the dialogue, instead of proceeding immediately to describe his method, Plato has him interjecting a complaint concerning Anaxagoras and his view that everything should be explained in terms of Mind. His complaint is that Mind would order things in the best possible way and that, therefore, an account of things in terms of Mind would amount to showing that they are ordered in the best possible way. But Anaxagoras did not show this and, instead, offered other kinds of explana­ tions of the various phenomena. Socrates is not just criticizing Anaxagoras here for not doing what he set out to do; he makes it clear, for example, at 99b-c, that he believes that the best kind of explanation of the phenomena would be to show that they are ordered in the best possible way. But he was unable to discover an explanation of this kind, either for himself or from others, and so turned to a method which he calls “second best” (99c5-dl). The actual description of this method is contained in two pas­ sages, 99e5-100a7 and 101d5-el. Between these passages, Socrates invokes the doctrine of Forms and, in particular, the formula (1)S is f in virtue of participation in the Form where S is a sensible object and F is the Form corresponding to the predicate “is f.” (Plato tends to speak of the name “f,” including under this common nouns, adjectives, etc.)
Cantor’s Grundlagen and the Paradoxes of Set Theory
Authors: Tait William 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Foundations of a General Theory of Manifolds (Cantor, 1883), which I will refer to as the Grundlagen, is Cantor’s first work on the general theory of sets. It was a separate printing, with a preface and some footnotes added, of the fifth in a series of six papers under the title of “On Infinite Linear Point Manifolds.” I want to briefly describe some of the achievements of this great work. But at the same time, I want to discuss its connection with the so-called paradoxes in set theory. There seems to be some agreement now that Cantor’s own understanding of the theory of transfinite numbers in that monograph did not contain an implicit contradiction, but there is less agreement about exactly why this is so and about the content of the theory itself. For various reasons, both historical and internal, the Grundlagen seems not to have been widely read compared to later works of Cantor, and to have been even less understood. But even some of the more recent discussions of the work, while recognizing to some degree its unique character, misunderstand it on crucial points and fail to convey its true worth.
Godel’s Unpublished Papers on Foundations of Mathematics
Authors: Tait William 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Kurt Godel: Collected Works Volume III (Godel, 1995) contains a selection from Godel’s Nachlass; it consists of texts of lectures, notes for lectures, and manuscripts of papers that for one reason or another Godel chose not to publish. I will discuss those papers in it that are concerned with the foundations/philosophy of mathematics in relation to his well-known published papers on this topic.