bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the Magnetic and Optical Properties of Wide‐Gap (II,Mn)VI Nanostructures Confined in Mesoporous Silica
Authors: Brieler Felix J. , Grundmann Petra , Fröba Michael , Chen Limei , Klar Peter J. , Heimbrodt Wolfram , Krug von Nidda Hans‐Albrecht , Kurz Thomas , Loidl Alois 
Published: August 2005

AbstractArrays of highly ordered Cd1–xMnxSe, Cd1–xMnxS, and Zn1–xMnxS nanoparticles with x ranging from 0.01 to 0.3 and with lateral dimensions of 3, 6, and 9 nm were synthesised within mesoporous SiO2 host structures of the MCM‐41 and SBA‐15 type. The hexagonal symmetry of these arrays (space group p6m) and the high degree of order were confirmed by X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscope studies. Physisorption measurements show the progressive filling of the pores of the SiO2 host structures, while photoluminescence excitation (PLE) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies confirm the good crystalline quality of the incorporated (II,Mn)VI guest species. The effects of the reduction of the lateral dimensions on the electronic properties of the diluted magnetic semiconductor were studied by PLE spectroscopy. Due to the quantum confinement of the excitons in the nanostructures an increase of the direct band gap with decreasing particle size is observed. The magnitude of the confinement effects increases with increasing excitonic Bohr radius of the (II,Mn)VI, i.e. it is largest for (Cd,Mn)Se and smallest for (Zn,Mn)S. Moreover, an increased band‐gap bowing with Mn content is observed for the Cd compounds and can be correlated with the modification of the magnetic properties. Surprisingly, no band‐gap bowing with x is observed for the Zn1–xMnxS nanostructures. Analysis of the EPR linewidth and EPR intensity show that macroscopic magnetic properties such as the Curie–Weiss temperature are affected by the reduction of the lateral dimensions. The microscopic coupling between the Mn ions (e.g. the exchange constants Jnn and Jnnn) is not altered to a first approximation. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Bottom‐Up Synthesis and Top‐Down Organisation of Semiconductor and Metal Clusters on Surfaces
Authors: Bittner Alexander M. , Wu Xiao C. , Balci Sinan , Knez Mato , Kadri Anan , Kern Klaus 
Published: August 2005

AbstractNear‐spherical dendrimers can be used as templates for bottom‐up syntheses of semiconductor clusters. Starting from methanolic solutions of Cd2+, sulfide, and poly(amidoamine) dendrimers, CdS clusters precipitate at the dendrimers. A preparation inside the dendrimers is only possible when the protonation of the latter is carefully controlled. The clusters have diameters above about 2 nm and show blue photoluminescence. The patterning and orientation of CdS/dendrimer clusters on flat surfaces are attained by microcontact printing. Depending on the ripening of the CdS/dendrimer suspension, a sub‐micrometer stripe pattern develops inside the micrometer‐scaled patterns; it extends over the complete surface. Rod‐like plant virions with a different type of lateral organisation can be oriented on a flat substrate by applying mechanical forces during immobilisation from suspensions. These virions can also be employed as templates, in this case for creating metal structures by electroless deposition (chemical metal deposition). The structures are wire‐like with diameters of 3–4 nm and are confined inside the central channel of the virions. The early stage of the metallisation process is analysed, and a model that accounts for the selectivity is presented. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Multifunctional Dithiocarbamates as Ligands Towards the Rational Synthesis of Polymetallic Arrays: An Example Based on a Piperizine‐Derived Dithiocarbamate Ligand
Authors: Wilton‐Ely James D. E. T. , Solanki Dina , Hogarth Graeme 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe zwitterionic piperazine‐derived dithiocarbamate complex [(dppm)2Ru(S2CNC4H8NCS2)] has been prepared and utilised in the synthesis of multimetallic arrays incorporating a wide range of transition metal centres. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Electrical Resistivity of Epitaxial Au Films Surface‐Modulated by Arrays of Pt Nanoparticles
Authors: Kästle Gerd , Schröder Alexander , Boyen Hans‐Gerd , Plettl Alfred , Ziemann Paul , Mayer Oliver , Spatz Joachim , Möller Martin , Büttner Michael , Oelhafen Peter 
Published: August 2005

AbstractArrays of Pt nanoparticles with a high degree of hexagonal short‐range order are deposited by means of self‐assembly of diblock‐copolymers on top of high quality epitaxial Au films and their influence on the electrical properties is studied. The temperature‐dependent resistivity of the nanomodulated Au films is surprisingly well described by the classical size effect model of Fuchs–Sondheimer, which is based on a mixture of diffuse and specular surface scattering events. Especially, no specific influence of the interparticle distance of the nanoparticle array could be detected even though it was of the same magnitude as the elastic mean free path of the scattering electrons. Rather, the nanomodulation acts as randomly distributed scatterers leading to an overall decreased probability for specular reflections of conduction electrons at the sample surface. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Optical imaging of pancreatic beta cells in living mice expressing a mouse insulin I promoter‐firefly luciferase transgene
Authors: Park Soo‐Young , Wang Xiaoyu , Chen Zhongyi , Powers Alvin C. , Magnuson Mark A. , Head W. Steven , Piston David W. , Bell Graeme I. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractWe generated transgenic mice expressing firefly (Photinus pyralis) luciferase (luc) under the control of the mouse insulin I promoter (MIP). The mice have normal glucose tolerance and pancreatic islet architecture. The luciferase‐expressing beta cells can be readily visualized in living mice using whole‐body bioluminescent imaging. The MIP‐luc transgenic mice may be useful for monitoring changes in beta cell function or mass in living animals with normal or altered metabolic states. genesis 43:80–86, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Method for multimodal analysis of independent source differences in schizophrenia: Combining gray matter structural and auditory oddball functional data
Authors: Calhoun V.D. , Adali T. , Giuliani N.R. , Pekar J.J. , Kiehl K.A. , Pearlson G.D. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe acquisition of both structural MRI (sMRI) and functional MRI (fMRI) data for a given study is a very common practice. However, these data are typically examined in separate analyses, rather than in a combined model. We propose a novel methodology to perform independent component analysis across image modalities, specifically, gray matter images and fMRI activation images as well as a joint histogram visualization technique. Joint independent component analysis (jICA) is used to decompose a matrix with a given row consisting of an fMRI activation image resulting from auditory oddball target stimuli and an sMRI gray matter segmentation image, collected from the same individual. We analyzed data collected on a group of schizophrenia patients and healthy controls using the jICA approach. Spatially independent joint‐components are estimated and resulting components were further analyzed only if they showed a significant difference between patients and controls. The main finding was that group differences in bilateral parietal and frontal as well as posterior temporal regions in gray matter were associated with bilateral temporal regions activated by the auditory oddball target stimuli. A finding of less patient gray matter and less hemodynamic activity for target detection in these bilateral anterior temporal lobe regions was consistent with previous work. An unexpected corollary to this finding was that, in the regions showing the largest group differences, gray matter concentrations were larger in patients vs. controls, suggesting that more gray matter may be related to less functional connectivity in the auditory oddball fMRI task. Hum Brain Mapp, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sources of cortical rhythms in adults during physiological aging: A multicentric EEG study
Authors: Babiloni Claudio , Binetti Giuliano , Cassarino Andrea , Dal Forno Gloria , Del Percio Claudio , Ferreri Florinda , Ferri Raffaele , Frisoni Giovanni , Galderisi Silvana , Hirata Koichi , Lanuzza Bartolo , Miniussi Carlo , Mucci Armida , Nobili Flavio , Rodriguez Guido , Luca Romani Gian , Rossini Paolo M. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThis electroencephalographic (EEG) study tested whether cortical EEG rhythms (especially delta and alpha) show a progressive increasing or decreasing trend across physiological aging. To this aim, we analyzed the type of correlation (linear and nonlinear) between cortical EEG rhythms and age. Resting eyes‐closed EEG data were recorded in 108 young (Nyoung; age range: 18–50 years, mean age 27.3 ± 7.3 SD) and 107 elderly (Nold; age range: 51–85 years, mean age 67.3 ± 9.2 SD) subjects. The EEG rhythms of interest were delta (2–4 Hz), theta (4–8 Hz), alpha 1 (8–10.5 Hz), alpha 2 (10.5–13 Hz), beta 1 (13–20 Hz), and beta 2 (20–30 Hz). EEG cortical sources were estimated by low‐resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (LORETA). Statistical results showed that delta sources in the occipital area had significantly less magnitude in Nold compared to Nyoung subjects. Similarly, alpha 1 and alpha 2 sources in the parietal, occipital, temporal, and limbic areas had significantly less magnitude in Nold compared to Nyoung subjects. These nine EEG sources were given as input for evaluating the type (linear, exponential, logarithmic, and power) of correlation with age. When subjects were considered as a single group there was a significant linear correlation of age with the magnitude of delta sources in the occipital area and of alpha 1 sources in occipital and limbic areas. The same was true for alpha 2 sources in the parietal, occipital, temporal, and limbic areas. In general, the EEG sources showing significant linear correlation with age also supported a nonlinear correlation with age. These results suggest that the occipital delta and posterior cortical alpha rhythms decrease in magnitude during physiological aging with both linear and nonlinear trends. In conclusion, this new methodological approach holds promise for the prediction of dementia in mild cognitive impairment by regional source rather than surface EEG data and by both linear and nonlinear predictors. Hum Brain Mapp, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Motion standstill leads to activation of inferior parietal lobe
Authors: Federspiel Andrea , Volpe Umberto , Horn Helge , Dierks Thomas , Franck Anders , Vannini Patrizia , Wahlund Lars‐Olof , Galderisi Silvana , Maj Mario 
Published: August 2005

AbstractPrevious studies on motion perception revealed motion‐processing brain areas sensitive to changes in luminance and texture (low‐level) and changes in salience (high‐level). The present functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study focused on motion standstill. This phenomenon, occurring at fast presentation frequencies of visual moving objects that are perceived as static, has not been previously explored by neuroimaging techniques. Thirteen subjects were investigated while perceiving apparent motion at 4 Hz, at 30 Hz (motion standstill), isoluminant static and flickering stimuli, fixation cross, and blank screen, presented randomly and balanced for rapid event‐related fMRI design. Blood oxygenation level‐dependent (BOLD) signal in the occipito‐temporal brain region MT/V5 increased during apparent motion perception. Here we could demonstrate that brain areas like the posterior part of the right inferior parietal lobule (IPL) demonstrated higher BOLD‐signal during motion standstill. These findings suggest that the activation of higher‐order motion areas is elicited by apparent motion at high presentation rates (motion standstill). We interpret this observation as a manifestation of an orienting reaction in IPL towards stimulus motion that might be detected but not resolved by other motion‐processing areas (i.e., MT/V5). Hum Brain Mapp, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tissue Transglutaminase (TG2) Acting as G Protein Protects Hepatocytes Against Fas-Mediated Cell Death in Mice *
Authors: Sarang Zsolt , Molnár Péter , Németh Tamás , Gomba Szabolcs , Kardon Tamás , Melino Gerry , Cotecchia Susanna , Fésüs László , Szondy Zsuzsa 
Published: August 2005

Abstract

Tissue transglutaminase (TG2) is a protein cross-linking enzyme known to be expressed by hepatocytes and to be induced during the

in vivo

hepatic apoptosis program. TG2 is also a G protein that mediates intracellular signaling by the alpha-1b-adrenergic receptor (AR) in liver cells. Fas/Fas ligand interaction plays a crucial role in various liver diseases, and administration of agonistic anti-Fas antibodies to mice causes both disseminated endothelial cell apoptosis and fulminant hepatic failure. Here we report that an intraperitoneal dose of anti-Fas antibodies, which is sublethal for wild-type mice, kills all the TG2 knock-out mice within 20 hours. Although TG2−/− thymocytes exposed to anti-Fas antibodies die at the same rate as wild-type mice, TG2−/− hepatocytes show increased sensitivity toward anti-Fas treatment both

in vivo

and

in vitro,

with no change in their cell surface expression of Fas, levels of FLIPL (FLICE-inhibitory protein), or the rate of I-κBα degradation, but a decrease in the Bcl-xL expression. We provide evidence that this is the consequence of the impaired AR signaling that normally regulates the levels of Bcl-xL in the liver.
In conclusion
, our data suggest the involvement of adrenergic signaling pathways in the hepatic regeneration program, in which Fas ligand-induced hepatocyte proliferation with a simultaneous inhibition of the Fas-death pathway plays a determinant role. (Hepatology 2005.)
The Third Gas: H2S Regulates Perfusion Pressure in Both the Isolated and Perfused Normal Rat Liver and in Cirrhosis *
Authors: Fiorucci Stefano , Antonelli Elisabetta , Mencarelli Andrea , Orlandi Stefano , Renga Barbara , Rizzo Giovanni , Distrutti Eleonora , Shah Vijay , Morelli Antonio 
Published: August 2005

Abstract

The regulation of sinusoidal resistance is dependent on the contraction of hepatic stellate cells (HSC) around sinusoidal endothelial cell (SEC) through paracrine cross-talk of vasoconstrictor and vasodilator agents. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a recently discovered gas neurotransmitter, is a putative vasodilator whose role in hepatic vascular regulation and portal hypertension is unexplored. Four-week bile duct–ligated (BDL) rats with cirrhosis and control rats were treated daily with NaHS (56 μmol/kg) for 5 days. Isolated livers were perfused first with NaHS for 20 minutes and then with norepinephrine (NE) and the intrahepatic resistance studied. In normal rats and animals with cirrhosis, administration of NE resulted in a dose-dependent increase of portal pressure. This effect was attenuated by H2S treatment (

P

< .05). The H2S-induced relaxation of hepatic microcirculation was attenuated by glibenclamide, an adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive K+ channel inhibitor. l-Cysteine, a substrate of cystathionine-gamma-lyase (CSE), decreased vasoconstriction in normal rat livers (

P

< .05) but failed to do so in livers with cirrhosis. BDL resulted in a downregulation of CSE mRNA/protein levels and activity (

P

< .05). Our

in vitro

data demonstrate that CSE is expressed in hepatocytes, HSCs, but not in sinusoidal endothelial cells (SEC). HSC activation downregulates CSE mRNA expression, resulting in a defective production of H2S and abrogation of relaxation induced by l-cysteine.
In conclusion
, CSE-derived H2S is involved in the maintenance of portal venous pressure. The reduction of CSE expression in the liver with cirrhosis contributes to the development of increased intrahepatic resistance and portal hypertension. (Hepatology 2005.)
Role of Adiponectin in the Protective Action of Dietary Saturated Fat Against Alcoholic Fatty Liver in Mice * #
Authors: You Min , Considine Robert V. , Leone Teresa C. , Kelly Daniel P. , Crabb David W. 
Published: August 2005

Abstract

The protective effect of dietary saturated fatty acids against the development of alcoholic liver disease has long been known, but the underlying mechanism is not completely understood. We examined the involvement of the adipocyte hormone adiponectin. Circulating adiponectin levels were significantly elevated by chronic ethanol administration to mice consuming a diet high in saturated fat. The increase in circulating adiponectin was associated with the activation a set of hepatic signaling pathways mediated through AMP-activated protein kinase, PPAR-α, and PPAR-γ coactivator α, which in turn led to markedly increased rates of fatty acid oxidation, prevention of hepatic steatosis, and alleviation of liver enzyme changes. Furthermore, treatment of rat 3T3-L1 adipocytes with saturated fatty acids (palmitic or stearic acids) in the presence of ethanol increased secretion of adiponectin and enhanced activity of a mouse adiponectin promoter.
In conclusion
, the protective action of saturated fat against the development of alcoholic fatty liver in mice is partially mediated through induction of adiponectin. The present findings suggest a novel paradigm for dietary fatty acids in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease and provide a promising therapeutic strategy—nutritional modulation of adiponectin—in treating human alcoholic fatty liver disease. (Hepatology 2005.)
Significance and Therapeutic Potential of Prostaglandin E2 Receptor in Hepatic Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Mice *
Authors: Kuzumoto Yukiyasu , Sho Masayuki , Ikeda Naoya , Hamada Kaoru , Mizuno Takashi , Akashi Satoru , Tsurui Yoshikazu , Kashizuka Hisanori , Nomi Takeo , Kubo Atsushi , Kanehiro Hiromichi , Nakajima Yoshiyuki 
Published: August 2005

Abstract

Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) mediates a variety of innate and adaptive immunity through four distinct receptors: EP1-EP4. It has been suggested that each EP plays a unique and pivotal role in various disease conditions. We investigated the pathophysiological role of EP receptors in hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. In this study, a 70% hepatic ischemic model was used in male C57BL/6 mice. Selective EP agonists were used to clarify the function of each PGE2 receptor in I/R injury. Although all four receptors were expressed in the naïve liver, EP4 expression was significantly upregulated after hepatic I/R. Although EP1, 2, or 3 agonists did not show any protective effect on liver function, the EP4 agonist significantly inhibited hepatic I/R injury as determined by serological and histological analyses. Furthermore, the EP4 agonist downregulated the local expressions of several proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules in the early phase of reperfusion. In contrast, it augmented the local expression of an anti-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin 10. Additionally, the neutrophil accumulation was also inhibited by EP4 agonist treatment. Finally, to confirm the therapeutic efficacy of the EP4 agonist in hepatic I/R injury, the nonischemic shunt liver was removed after 120 minutes of ischemia, resulting in the death of 86% of control mice within 48 hours. In sharp contrast, 80% of mice treated with the EP4 agonist survived.
In conclusion
, the PGE2-EP4 signaling pathway has an inhibitory role in hepatic I/R injury. An EP4 agonist effectively protects against ischemic injury. (Hepatology 2005.)
A Randomized Unblinded Pilot Study Comparing Albumin Versus Hydroxyethyl Starch in Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis * #
Authors: Fernández Javier , Monteagudo Joan , Bargallo Xavier , Jiménez Wladimiro , Bosch Jaume , Arroyo Vicente , Navasa Miguel 
Published: August 2005

Abstract

The administration of albumin improves circulatory function, prevents hepatorenal syndrome, and reduces hospital mortality in patients with cirrhosis and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. This randomized unblinded pilot study compared the effect of albumin (10 patients) and the synthetic plasma expander hydroxyethyl starch 200/0.5 (10 patients) on the systemic hemodynamics of patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Baseline measurements were performed within 12 hours after diagnosis of infection. Patients then received 2 doses of the volume expander (1.5 g/kg body weight after baseline measurements and 1 g/kg body weight on day 3). Measurements were repeated after infection resolution. Treatment with albumin was associated with a significant increase in arterial pressure and a suppression of plasma renin activity, indicating an improvement in circulatory function. This occurred in the setting of a significant expansion of central blood volume (increase in cardiopulmonary pressures and atrial natriuretic factor) and an increase in systolic volume and systemic vascular resistance. In contrast, no significant changes were observed in these parameters in patients treated with hydroxyethyl starch. Von Willebrand–related antigen plasma levels significantly decreased in patients treated with albumin but not in those treated with hydroxyethyl starch. Serum nitrates and nitrites increased in patients treated with hydroxyethyl starch but not in those treated with albumin. These data suggest an effect of albumin on endothelial function.
In conclusion
, albumin but not hydroxyethyl starch improves systemic hemodynamics in patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. This effect is due not only to volume expansion but also to an action on the peripheral arterial circulation. (Hepatology 2005.)
Quality of Life in Refractory Ascites: Transjugular Intrahepatic Portal-Systemic Shunting Versus Medical Therapy *
Authors: Campbell Mical S. , Brensinger Colleen M. , Sanyal Arun J. , Gennings Chris , Wong Florence , Kowdley Kris V. , McCashland Timothy , Reddy Rajender K. 
Published: August 2005

Abstract

Uncontrolled studies suggest that transjugular intrahepatic portal-systemic shunting (TIPS) may improve quality of life in patients with refractory ascites. We hypothesized that any improvement of quality of life in patients with TIPS would be matched in controls due to the competing effects of improved ascites and worsened hepatic encephalopathy. Thus, an analysis of quality of life was performed using original data from the North American Study for the Treatment of Refractory Ascites, a multicenter trial of 109 patients randomized to TIPS or repeated large volume paracentesis (LVP) for refractory ascites. Short form 36 (SF-36) surveys were completed at baseline and at 6- and 12-month follow-up. Variables analyzed were: randomization group, number of LVP performed, cumulative volume from LVP, shortness of breath, abdominal distention, abdominal pain, diuretic usage, confusion, hospitalizations, and emergency room visits. Outcomes were changes in physical component scale (PCS) and mental component scale (MCS) of SF-36 results. We constructed multivariable, mixed effects models, including randomization group and baseline MCS and PCS. Changes in PCS and MCS from baseline were similar between the two randomization groups. In multivariate analysis, PCS improvement was associated with lack of confusion, improved ascites, and lack of hospitalizations, but not directly with randomization group. Improvement in MCS was associated with randomization to TIPS and lack of confusion.
In conclusion
, patients with refractory ascites randomized to TIPS or repeated LVP had similar changes in quality of life. Competing effects of hepatic encephalopathy, requirement for repeated LVP, and need for hospitalizations explain similar changes in quality of life between the two groups. (Hepatology 2005.)