bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isolation and antifungal activity of kakuol, a propiophenone derivative from Asarum sieboldii rhizome
Authors: Lee Jung Yeop , Moon Surk Sik , Hwang Byung Kook 
Published: April 2005

AbstractAn antifungal substance active against Colletotrichum orbiculare (Berk & Mont) Arx was isolated from the methanol extracts of Asarum sieboldii (Miq) Maek rhizomes. High‐resolution MS, NMR and UV spectral data confirmed that the antifungal substance is kakuol, 2‐hydroxy‐4,5‐methylenedioxypropiophenone. Colletotrichum orbiculare was most sensitive to kakuol, with MIC of 10 µg ml−1. Kakuol also completely inhibited the mycelial growth of Botrytis cinerea Pers ex Fr and Cladosporium cucumerinum Ellis & Arthur at 50 µg ml−1 and 30 µg ml−1, respectively. However, no antimicrobial activity was found against yeast and bacteria even at 100 µg ml−1. Kakuol exhibited a protective activity against the development of anthracnose disease on cucumber plants. The control efficacy of kakuol against the anthracnose disease was in general somewhat less than that of the commercial fungicide chlorothalonil. This is the first report to demonstrate in vitro and in vivo antifungal activity of kakuol against C orbiculare infection. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Direct ab initio simulation of silver ion dynamics in chalcogenide glasses
Authors: Tafen De Nyago , Drabold D. A. , Mitkova M. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractIn this paper, we present new models of germanium selenide chalcogenide glasses heavily doped with silver. The models were readily obtained with ab initio molecular dynamics and their structure agrees closely with diffraction measurements. Thermal molecular dynamics simulation reveals the dynamics of Ag+ ions and the existence of trapping centers as conjectured in other theory work. We show that first principles simulation is a powerful tool to reveal the motion of ions in glass. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Comparative study of the electron affinities of beryllium and magnesium dimers and trimers
Authors: Kaplan I. G. , Díaz C. C. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe electron affinities of magnesium dimers and trimers are calculated at the MP4(SDTQ) and CCSD(T) levels employing the Gaussian 03 suit of programs and the Dunning‐type aug‐cc‐pVQZ basis set. The vertical electron detachment energy (VEDE) is 0.298 eV (0.269 eV) for Mg and 0.839 eV (0.840 eV) for Mg at the MP4(SDTQ), and CCSD(T), levels. The comparative analysis of the nature of the excess electron binding and its atomic‐state distribution in small beryllium and magnesium anions are performed. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2005
Anatomy and physiology of the parathyroids: A practical discussion for surgeons
Authors: Ayala Luis A. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractNormal parathyroid glands vary in macroscopic appearance, number, and location. Adequate surgical treatment of hyperparathyroidism often depends on identification of all glands, which requires precise knowledge of the normal anatomy and embryology of organs derived from the third and fourth branchial pouches. The following questions form the basis of surgical strategy: (a) Is this a normal parathyroid gland? (b) Where should the surgeon look for a normal gland? (c) How many parathyroid glands are there? (d) Where should the surgeon look for a missing gland? About 80% of patients have 4 glands. The upper pair is usually near the point where the recurrent nerve enters the larynx. The lower pair is more variable in location and may be found between the inferior thyroid artery and the thymus. Normal glands may be ectopically located along the path of embryologic migration, adjacent to or embedded in organs of similar origin.Parathyroid hormone (PTH), vitamin D, and calcitonin maintain calcium levels which modify intestinal absorption, renal excretion, and bone turnover. PTH secretion responds promptly to calcium changes acting upon vitamin D synthesis, tubular reabsorption of phosphates, calcium renal excretion, and bone reabsorption. Vitamin D controls intestinal calcium absorption. Calcitonin stimulates bone accretion. Excess PTH tilts this balance toward hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria, and bone décalcification; hypercalcemia and detectable PTH levels coincide only in hyperparathyroidism.In treating patients with hyperparathyroidism, delicate surgical technique is essential, but the ingenuity of the surgeon in developing a plan of action based on thorough knowledge of normal anatomy and embryology is the key to successful therapy.
Parathyroid pathology: Its relation to choice of operation for hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Esselstyn Caldwell B. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractMultichannel autoanalyzers have diagnosed many unsuspected, largely asymptomatic cases of primary hyperparathyroidism. The age of onset of the disease and its rate of progression are not well understood. Surgical restoration of the eucalcemic state is associated with the healing of bone pathology, but many patients are not relieved of hypertensive or renal disease, and sometimes these problems continue to develop in the postoperative period, resulting in continued morbidity and mortality despite “successful” surgery. Conflicting opinions regarding the differentiation between parathyroid adenomas, hyperplasia, and normal glands appear to be resolving as newer data, both retrospective and prospective, reemphasize the pathologic importance of the clinically enlarged or abnormal glands. Parathyroid surgery for renal osteodystrophy of secondary hyperparathyroidism and for persisting hypercalcemia of tertiary hyperparathyroidism may be modified by autotransplantation. Carcinoma of the parathyroid glands is rare, but operative findings merit review. A variety of surgical approaches have been proposed. The surest method for restoring normal calcium levels with minimal permanent hypocalcemia is identification of 4 parathyroid glands and removal of those which are grossly abnormal. For patients with multiple endocrine adenomatosis or familial hyperparathyroidism, subtotal parathyroidectomy is preferred. Additional surgical guidelines are reviewed and the development of a parathyroid registry to ensure closer follow‐up is suggested.
Total pericardiectomy for uremic pericarditis
Authors: Engelman Richard M. , Levitsky Sidney , Konchigeri Halappa N. , Wyndham Christopher R. C. , Roper Keith , Kurtzman Neil A. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractBetween 1973 and 1975, 19 patients were treated for uremic pericarditis. The clinical presentation of the condition varied, with some patients having minimal symptoms (chest pain, fever) and others sustaining circulatory collapse. Pericardial friction rub, elevated central venous pressure, and paradoxical pulse were the most common physical findings. Serial chest radiography, echocardiography, and cardiac scan were most useful in establishing the diagnosis. Three patients had cardiac catheterization and angiography. Pericardiectomy was the initial procedure performed in 13 of 19 patients, and there was no operative mortality or recurrence of pericarditis. Four patients initially had a pericardial window created rather than a pericardiectomy. Two had recurrence of symptoms and one required later total pericardiectomy. Two patients underwent initial tube pericardiostomy. Both died after recurrent tamponade. Total pericardiectomy appears to be the treatment of choice for uremic pericarditis and the only form of therapy which is definitive. The risk of circulatory collapse from tamponade warrants early operative intervention in this critically ill group of patients.
Comparison of antibiotic and antiseptic prophylaxis of wound infection in acute abdominal surgery
Authors: Stokes E. Joan , Howard Elaine , Peters Joseph L. , Hackworthy Carol A. , Milne Shelagh E. , Witherow Ross O. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractA prospective, randomized trial of prophylaxis against wound infection in acute abdominal surgery was conducted in 210 patients comparing systemic administration of 2 antibiotics active against bowel organisms, topical administration of povidone iodine to the wound, and no prophylactic treatment. Prophylactic treatment was given only on the day of operation. There was a significant decrease in wound infection following both types of prophylactic treatment compared to no treatment. There was no significant difference in results between systemic treatment with antibiotics and povidone iodine sprayed into the wound. The advantage of topical treatment with povidone iodine over antibiotic treatment is that development of bacterial resistance is not a hazard.
Technique and results of operative management of biliary atresia
Authors: Kasai Morio , Suzuki Hiroshi , Ohashi Eisuke , Ohi Ryoji , Chiba Tsuneo , Okamoto Atsutake 
Published: April 2005

AbstractIntrahepatic bile ducts are patent in the liver of patients with biliary atresia in early infancy. Small bile ducts at the porta hepatis continuing to the intrahepatic ducts usually terminate in fibrous tissue replacing the hepatic radicles, which does not extend to the common hepatic duct. Therefore, the level of transection of the fibrous tissue at the porta hepatis is of prime importance for successful hepatic portoenterostomy. Transection should be done at the level of the posterior surface of the portal vein. The overall cure rate of surgery for biliary atresia was 30%. In our recent series, however, the results have markedly improved and the cure rate has been increased to 55%. There are 47 patients living without jaundice, 22 of them for more than 5 years. The longest survivors are 23 years old. All the longterm survivors are leading a normal life for their age, although 6 of them have some physical or mental handicap. Early operation, adequate surgical technique, and prevention of postoperative cholangitis are requisites for successful hepatic portoenterostomy.
Long‐term results of surgical treatment of biliary atresia
Authors: Odièvre M. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe long‐term results of surgical treatment of biliary atresia are presented from a series of 111 “noncorrectable” cases treated by the Kasai procedure. Thirty‐four patients displayed some degree of restoration of bile flow for at least 1 year after surgery. Almost all of them still have some manifestations of cholestasis, abnormal intrahepatic bile ducts, persistent hepatic fibrosis, or portal hypertension. Despite this continuous liver dysfunction, many of these patients are able to carry on an almost normal life.
Long‐term results of replantation of 10 upper extremities
Authors: Matsuda Masao , Shibahara Hiromich , Kato Nobuo 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFrom February, 1974 to June, 1976, replantation of 11 severed arms was performed at Chukyo Hospital, and 10 of these replantations were successful. Follow‐up studies were performed regarding the status of the circulation, length and girth, motor function, sensory function, and autonomic nerve function. The peripheral circulation of the replanted arms was relatively poor, but did not correlate closely with function of the arm. Useful sensation returned in 8 patients and effective pinch and grasp returned in 6 patients. When observed objectively, 6 of 10 patients recovered satisfactory function. Subjectively, however, 8 patients were satisfied with their results and in the remaining 2 patients, satisfactory function in the future is anticipated. The most important factors in functional prognosis were the level of severance and the severity of crushing. In order to obtain satisfactory results, replantation should be confined to young patients with a non‐crushing amputation.
Abdominal scintigraphy for diagnosis of intestinal bleeding
Authors: Seitz Wolfgang , Keim Hans ‐J. , Hahn Karl 
Published: April 2005

AbstractAbdominal scintigraphy with99mTc‐pertechnetate, using a gamma‐camera linked to a data processor, was done in 8 patients with acute massive intestinal hemorrhage and in 34 patients with chronic recurrent intestinal hemorrhage. Endoscopy and x‐ray studies had failed in all patients to reveal a bleeding source. All but 3 patients underwent exploratory laparotomy, confirming the abnormal findings of scintigraphy. In all acutely bleeding patients, scintigraphy was positive. The bleeding was proven by laparotomy to be due to Meckel's diverticulum with gastric mucosa in 5, jejunal neurinoma in 1, and sigmoid colon carcinoma in 1 patient. Scintigraphy was positive in only 3 chronically bleeding patients, 1 of whom had a Meckel's diverticulum with gastric mucosa and 2 of whom had bleeding colon polyps. Scintigraphy was equivocal in 10 patients, 7 of whom were found to have chronic inflammation of the appendix, and it was negative in 21 patients, including 1 who had a Meckel's diverticulum without gastric mucosa. In chronic intestinal hemorrhage, abdominal scintigraphy was only occasionally helpful for locating a bleeding source. In acute intestinal bleeding, however, scintigraphy was a useful test, particularly in identifying a Meckel's diverticulum with gastric mucosa in children.
Postoperative acute cholecystitis in Japan
Authors: Kasahara Yoh , Umemura Hiroya , Kuyama Takeshi , Oku Hidetaka 
Published: April 2005

AbstractPostoperative acute cholecystitis following surgery unrelated to the biliary tract is a rare complication. Of 49 cases of this disease collected from the Japanese literature, including 3 of our cases, the ratio of males to females was 42∶7, the ages ranged from 31 to 83 years, and 82% of the patients had no biliary calculi. The antecedent operation was performed for cancer of the stomach in 30 patients (61%), and for another type of cancer in an additional 10. Several pathogenetic factors that differ from those responsible for ordinary cholecystitis are considered to be contributory to this disease, among which impairment of the circulation to the gallbladder may be one of the most important. The overall mortality rate of postoperative cholecystitis was 32%. Although cholecystectomy is the preferred treatment, local findings or the condition of the patient should be considered in the decision regarding therapy. Early surgical intervention should not be delayed in the elderly patient, because there was a significant difference between the average age of survivors and those who died.
Neuropeptides of the gut: A newly discovered major control system
Authors: Polak J. M. , Bloom S. R. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractIt has long been considered that the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems were exclusively responsible for the nervous control of the gut. However, a large proportion of the autonomic nerve fibers are now considered to be peptidergic. A number of hormonal peptides have been described in both brain and peripheral tissues, and their wide range of pharmacologic actions suggest that they may act locally in a variety of ways, depending on their location. Improved immunocytochemical techniques for use‐in both light and electron microscopy are largely responsible for the recent progress in identifying these peptides. Substance P has been found extensively throughout the human body. VIP is present in considerable concentrations throughout the gastrointestinal tract and may play an important role as a vasodilatory substance. The distribution of somatostatin is extensive, and large quantities have been found in several parts of the brain, as well as in the pancreas and gut. Somatostatin is a powerful inhibitory substance, and may be one of the important factors contributing to the multifactorial etiology of duodenal ulceration. Cholecystokinin (CCK) has been localized primarily in the I cells of the jejunum. It has a powerful motor effect on the stomach and intestine, as well as having an important role in gallbladder contraction and pancreatic enzyme secretion. Bombesin has been found in the gut, lung, and brain, and has been shown to act extensively throughout the body. Endogenous brain opiates, endorphins, are mainly distributed in the central nervous system and are probably involved in the control of pain and emotion. In addition, enkephalin is present in the nerve fibers of the submucosa and the endocrine cells of the antral mucosa, where it may play a physiologic role similar to morphine. Finally, neurotensin was first isolated in the brain, but has been found in highest concentrations in the gut, particularly in the ileum. Its hypotensive actions suggest that it may play a significant role in the pathophysiology of dumping syndrome.In fact, the possible pathologic implications of any malfunction in this delicately balanced system are substantial. The effects of local destruction of the autonomic nerves are drastic and already well documented. The role of neuropeptides in many serious bowel disorders is yet to be determined.
Biochemical basis of action of gastrointestinal hormones
Authors: Gardner Jerry D. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe actions of secretin and VIP on pancreatic enzyme secretion result from their abilities to activate adenylate cyclase and increase cellular cyclic AMP. The actions of cholecystokinin, cholinergic agents, caerulein, bombesin, litorin, physalaemin, and eledoisin on pancreatic enzyme secretion result from their abilities to cause release of bound cellular calcium. Although this action causes an increase in cellular cyclic GMP, it remains to be determined whether or not cyclic GMP is a mediator of the action of secretagogues on pancreatic enzyme secretion. Secretagogues that increase cyclic AMP do not alter calcium transport or cyclic GMP and do not modify the changes in calcium transport or cyclic GMP caused by other agents. Secretagogues that cause release of cellular calcium and increase cyclic GMP do not alter cyclic AMP and do not cause major changes in the increase in cyclic AMP produced by other secretagogues. Although the two mechanisms of action of pancreatic secretagogues are initially distinct, they interact at some presently undefined step, and this interaction results in potentiation of enzyme secretion. The finding that two agents potentiate each other has important implications for the mechanisms of action of the two agents and has potential therapeutic applications.
Mechanisms of release of gastro‐entero‐pancreatic endocrine cells
Authors: Track Norman S. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractEndocrine cells of the gastro‐entero‐pancreatic (GEP) system release their hormones in response to nutrient stimulation. Gastro‐entero endocrine cells receive stimulation from the circulation and lumen and have the potential to secrete into the circulation and lumen. Pancreatic endocrine cells cannot receive stimulation from nor secrete into the lumen.Antral gastrin‐producing G cells released hormone in a biphasic manner in response to feeding; the initial plasma gastrin peak was absent after a 48‐hour fast. The increase of antral tissue gastrin detected was far more than that required for the major plasma gastrin response. Intravenous hyperalimentation (IVH) (30% dextrose, 12% amino acids) was used to assess the effect of the absence of luminal stimulation upon GEP hormone (gastrin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide, glucagon, and insulin) release. During the first 6 days of IVH, circulating insulin concentrations increased absolutely and in relationship to glucagon; gastrin concentrations decreased to undetectable levels. During the following 4 days of IVH, circulating insulin decreased and gastrin increased to their initial concentrations. The IVH responses reflect the abilities of the different cells to adapt to intravenous nutrients.GEP endocrine cells have distinct differences in their hormone turnover mechanisms in response to nutrient stimulation. These different cellular response mechanisms may provide a clue to the functional evolution and sophistication of GEP endocrine cells.
Allotransplantation of the lung in dogs with experimental lung damage
Authors: Salem Georg , Schlick Werner , Keiler Alfred , Möschl Peter , Glöckler Martin , Radaszkiewicz Taddäus , Kreuzer Wilhelm 
Published: April 2005

AbstractIn 8 dogs, bilateral pulmonary emphysema was induced by intratracheal instillations of papain, and in 6 dogs, unilateral emphysema was induced by bronchoscopic instillation of papain in the right main bronchus. Development of emphysema was documented by weekly pulmonary function studies. Lung compliance and functional residual capacity were increased, and airway resistance was increased in forced ventilation. When emphysema was established, unilateral allotransplantation of the lung was performed. Postoperative studies of lung function showed no serious ventilation‐perfusion imbalance. Ventilatory function and oxygen consumption of the graft were at least equal to the animal's own damaged lung. Respiratory insufficiency and death were always accompanied by rejection or severe infection. It is concluded that postoperative respiratory failure was not due to difference of airway and vascular resistance between the damaged lung and the graft.
Surgical management of stenosis of the left main coronary artery
Authors: Cohn Lawrence H. , Koster J. Kenneth , Mee Roger B. , Collins John J. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractCatheterization morbidity, results of medical treatment, and operative morbidity and mortality in patients with left main coronary artery stenosis (LCA) are higher than in patients with other coronary atherosclerotic lesions, occurring in combination or alone. Patients with LCA stenosis have a wide variety of clinical manifestations and range from “asymptomatic” patients with only positive exercise tests to critically ill, unstable patients requiring emergency angiography and operation. Experience with the surgical treatment of LCA stenosis in 141 patients at the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital from 1970–1977 is reviewed. Operative mortality rates were 10% (5/49) in unstable patients, 4% (4/92) in stable patients, and 6.4% (9/141) overall. Actuarial survival up to 90 months was better in stable than unstable patients, in patients who were completely rather than incompletely revascularized, and in patients in whom only LCA stenosis existed and was bypassed. Prospective studies of medical and surgical treatment support the concept that patients with LCA disease should be treated with coronary bypass surgery.