bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytomorphometric analysis: A possible adjunct for age estimation
Authors: Sree K. Sangeetha , Shyam N. D. V. N. , Kumar G. Kiran , Narayen Vaishali , Konda Paremala , Fatima Fiza 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Age estimation plays a crucial role in identifying an unknown individual in the event of any mass disaster or crime. One of the important noninvasive procedures that may have an impact on determining an individual's age is exfoliative cytology.

Aim and Objective:
Exfoliated buccal mucosa cells were used in the study to determine the participant's age by assessing the changes in nuclear diameter (ND), nuclear–cytoplasmic (N: C) ratio, and cell diameter (CD).

Materials and Methods:
With the help of a moistened wooden spatula and a light scraping motion, buccal smears were taken from 100 healthy and normal individuals across various age groups. The samples were then preserved with 95% ethanol and stained using ultrafast Papanicolaou stain. Cell and nuclear diameter were measured for each of these cells using the ImageJ software, and N: C was calculated from the two parameters. The N: C was calculated from CD and ND for each subject. One-way ANOVA tests were used for statistical analysis.

Results:
A significant difference in the diameter of cell and nucleus with the individual's age (P < 0.05) was noticed. The N: C ratio reduces with increasing age but is not consistent.

Conclusion:
Buccal smears show age-related alterations that could be utilized as an effective tool for age estimation.
Attitudes of general dental practitioners toward preventive approach in pediatric patients: A cross-sectional survey
Authors: Halder Sonali , Pal Shubhabrata , Mukhopadhyay Santanu 
Published: January 2024

Objective:
This cross-sectional survey aimed to assess the attitudes and practices of general dental practitioners regarding a preventive approach in pediatric patients.

Methods:
This cross-sectional survey involved 279 general dental practitioners and employed a structured questionnaire comprising multiple items to assess their attitudes and practices related to a preventive approach in pediatric patients and data were analyzed using the descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests.

Results:
The survey revealed that 60.1% of pediatric patients visited the clinic frequently and 71.0% were treated directly by the dentists. A preventive approach was common (69.2%) among practitioners. Prescription practices showed that 57.1% of dentists prescribed a specified amount of fluoridated toothpaste and 62.5% preferred fluoride gel over varnish. Nonfluoride remineralizing agents were preferred by 60.0% of dentists. Glass ionomer cement (66.7%) was preferred for pit fissure sealant applications.

Conclusion:
The survey indicates that general dental practitioners have a positive attitude toward preventive care in pediatric patients. However, further education and knowledge dissemination are needed to enhance their understanding and confidence.
How appropriate are referral letters written by school principals to a learning disability clinic? A retrospective audit
Authors: Karande S , Rajiv D 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
This retrospective study analyzed the quality of 1069 referral letters written by school principals to our learning disability clinic. Utilizing a self-devised checklist having four domains (with 26 items), the audit revealed that in only nine (34.6%) items, the necessary information was available in >90% of referral letters.
Teledermatology to Improve Access to and Quality of Skin Care in Eastern Indonesia
Authors: Adella Fidelis J. , Ammah Hapu , Siregar Gladys O. , Harianja Maria , Sundari Evivana S. , Sagara Rahmat , Tarino Nicolas , Hamers Raph L. , Bøgh Claus , Soebono Hardyanto , Grijsen Marlous L. 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT.
Skin diseases are a major public health concern in Indonesia, although access to specialized care in remote areas is limited. We initiated a low-cost teledermatology service in Sumba, a remote island in eastern Indonesia. Eighteen healthcare workers (HCWs) at five primary healthcare centers received training to manage common skin diseases and submit clinical cases beyond their expertise to an online platform. Submitted cases were reviewed by at least one dermatologist. Diagnostic agreement between HCWs and dermatologists was calculated. The HCWs participated in a satisfaction survey 2 years after project initiation. Since October 2020, of 10,384 patients presenting with skin complaints in a 24-month period, 307 (3%) were submitted for a teledermatology consultation. The most frequent skin diseases were infections and infestations (n = 162, 52.8%) and eczematous (85, 27.7%) and inflammatory (17, 5.5%) conditions. Fifty-three patients (17.3%) were diagnosed with a neglected tropical skin disease, including leprosy and scabies. Dermatologist advice was provided within a median of 50 minutes (interquartile range, 18–255 minutes), with 91.9% of consultations occurring within 24 hours. The diagnostic agreement level between HCWs and dermatologists significantly improved over time, from 46.9% in the first 6-month period (κ = 0.45; 95% CI, 0.37–0.54) to 77.2% in the last 6-month period (κ = 0.76; 95% CI, 0.67–0.86; global P < 0.001). The HCWs reported that the teledermatology service was extremely/very useful in supporting daily practice (100%) and improved their knowledge of skin diseases tremendously/a lot (92%). Teledermatology can improve accessibility and quality of skin services in medically underserved areas, providing opportunities for scalability and knowledge transfer to frontline HCWs.
Etiologies of Mild and Moderate Diarrheal Illness among Children in Consuelo, Dominican Republic
Authors: Japa Ingrid , Ahmed Derartu , Fernandez Anabel , Alvarez Angie , Japa Shirley Sabino , Cordero Ramona , Acosta Francia , Steenhoff Andrew P. , Lowenthal Elizabeth D. 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT.
Since the rotavirus vaccine was included in the Dominican Republic’s national immunization schedule in 2012, the microbiologic etiologies of acute gastroenteritis have not been described. This study aimed to determine the contribution of rotavirus as an etiology of acute gastroenteritis over a 12-month period in children under 5 years of age in both an inpatient and an outpatient setting in Consuelo, Dominican Republic. All children who were seen at Niños Primeros en Salud clinic or admitted to Hospital Municipal Dr. Angel Ponce Pinedo for acute gastroenteritis during January 2021–April 2022 were enrolled in the study. Stools were evaluated for rotavirus, enteric parasites, and pathogenic bacteria. Pathogen detection was compared between outpatients and inpatients and on the basis of child’s vaccination status. From 181 children enrolled, 170 stool samples were collected, 28 (16.5%) from inpatients and 142 (83.5%) from outpatients. Rotavirus was the most commonly detected pathogen and was proportionately more common among hospitalized children, with nine (32.1%) cases among hospitalized children and 16 (11.3%) among outpatient children. (Pearson χ2 = 8.1, P = 0.004). Among patients with a positive rotavirus result, vaccination rate was lower among moderate (hospitalized) (three of six; 50%) compared with mild (outpatient) diarrhea patients (12 of 15; 80%). Giardia lamblia (10%) was the next most prevalent pathogen detected in both inpatients and outpatients using standard laboratory measures. Despite the availability of rotavirus vaccination, rotavirus remains a common cause of gastrointestinal illness among children under 5 years of age in our cohort. Incomplete vaccination status was associated with hospitalization for gastrointestinal illness.
Persepsi Peserta Didik Madrasah Aliyah Negeri Terhadap Pelanggaran Hak Asasi Manusia Di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta
Authors: Miskiah Siti , Siregar Ahmad Munawir , Isyam  
Published: January 2024

Persepsi peserta didik terhadap Hak Asasi Manusia di sekolah Madrasah Aliyah merupakan hal yang fundamental dalam proses belajar mengajar, mendidik peserta didik MAN. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui pelanggaran HAM terhadap peserta didik, ketentuan HAM dan mengaplikasikan ketentuan hak asasi manusia tersebut dalam pergaulan di MAN. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif yaitu mendeskripsikan suatu pemahaman terhadap pelanggaran HAM di lingkungan Pendidikan dengan menggunakan reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan yang dilaksanakan di sekolah MAN di wilayah daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui peninjauan lapangan dan wawancara. Dengan observasi ini, peneliti mendapatkan persepsi peserta didik terhadap pelanggaran HAM dalam dunia pendidikan Sekolah MAN adalah dengan paktek non-diskriminasi terhadap semua peserta didik. Tenaga kependidikan telah melakukan proses nilai-nilai hak dasar individu pada peserta didik melalui pembelajaran dengan baik, tenaga kependidikan sudah memberikan kepada peserta didik dengan pendidikan yang baik, perhatian kepada peserta didik, memfasilitasi pembelajaran, dan peduli. Peran tenaga pendidik terhadap pencegahan pelanggaran HAM di lingkungan peserta didik adalah melalui materi-materi pembelajaran yang mencakup nilai-nilai hak asasi manusia terutama dalam pembelajaran pendidikan kewarganegaraan yang diharapkan peserta didik dapat menerapkan nilai pancasila dalam kehidupan.
PENGARUH PELIMPAHAN WEWENANG TERHADAP EFEKTIVITAS KERJA KARYAWAN PADA PT. GRATIA PLENA MAS OKU TIMUR
Authors: Arafik  , Wihana  , Rini Apriyani  , Novitasari  
Published: January 2024

Problems faced by PT. Gratia Plena Mas East OKU is the strong influence of delegation of authority on employee work effectiveness. Meanwhile, the aim of this research is to determine the effect of delegation of authority on employee work effectiveness. The hypothesis proposed is that there is a strong influence between delegation of authority on employee work effectiveness at PT. Gratia Plena Mas East OKU. Data collection techniques were carried out by means of interviews, observation, documentation, and questionnaires as well as literature study. From the calculation results, it was obtained that r = 0.772. After consulting with conservative standards to determine whether the relationship is strong or not, it turns out that r = 0.772 is located in the range between 0.600 – 0.799 which is included in the strong correlation. Then, to answer whether the hypothesis test proposed in the previous chapter has a relationship or not, it was tested using a hypothesis test and obtained t = 3.432. Meanwhile, the t table value at the 95% confidence level for (n – 2) = 1.812. So it can be seen that the calculated t value is 3.432 > 1.860, thus (Ha) is accepted and (Ho) is rejected.
Keywords : Delegation of Authority, Work Effectiveness
A música e a filosofia no contexto escolar: a interdisciplinaridade na construção dos saberes.
Authors: José da Veiga Almeida Eliana , Dimas Santana Neves  , Edilson Pereira Santos  , Maria do Rosário Soares Lima  
Published: January 2024

O presente trabalho trata-se do resultado parcial de um estudo que foi realizado com o propósito de apresentar uma reflexão acerca da relação existente entre a Filosofia e a Educação Musical, destacando as circunstâncias em que as duas caminham juntas enquanto processo formativo. A busca de um ideal de qualidade de vida é o maior desafio da sociedade, e isso se perpetua desde a antiguidade, permeando nos diferentes ambientes que envolvem o cotidiano das pessoas, ou seja, no trabalho, na família, nas instituições ou nas reuniões de grupos com suas singularidades. As questões que mais nos tocam, quando se refere a qualidade de vida, é a sensibilidade humana e a capacidade de se expressar pela arte da música. Sendo que tal perspectiva de reflexão, é decorrente do pensamento que construí através de leituras e investigações realizadas sobre práticas docentes em Filosofia, visto que as análises feitas nos permitiram entender e compreender a importância da arte como elemento do itinerário da formação humanística. Enquanto estratégia metodológica, configuram-se em uma pesquisa de cunho qualitativa, constituída a partir de leitura de livros e artigos de autores que dialogam sobre a relação entre a Filosofia e a Educação Musical, tomando como referência o uso de técnicas e instrumentos de análises adotados em pesquisa de revisão bibliográfica. O resultado desse estudo sinaliza para a construção de uma reflexão acerca da importância do desenvolvimento de políticas públicas subsidiadas por um currículo cultural, pois só assim a escola cumprirá sua função social de modo integral. A partir das indagações que nortearam a problematização da nossa proposta de pesquisa, traçamos alguns objetivos que dentre outros destaca-se a produção de uma análise de como se dá o processo de desenvolvimento de práticas do ensino da Filosofia em contexto da educação musical, no sentido de perceber qual seria o foco de interesse e o reconhecimento do valor da música.
Criminal Liability about the Use of Artificial Intelligence: Investigating the Actus Reus Element of AI-driven Technology
Authors: Saud Alaa 
Published: January 2024

Purpose: This paper aimed to determine the liability for criminal activities committed by AI-enabled machines and explore defences that could invalidate their criminal liability. It also analysed the Actus Reus element, to identify which actors are involved in the criminal act.
Materials and Methods: A systematic review of existing research on AI liability in crime was conducted, focusing on 30 articles related to the study.
Findings: The study found that if certain conditions are met, any individual, company, or legal organisation can be held legally liable for illegal activities. As AI technology advances, current legal remedies are needed to protect society from the hazards it poses. Existing criminal law offers various approaches to dealing with AI liability, but the liability concerns generated by AI systems extend beyond traditional criminal law. Recognising robots as legal persons has been criticised as an overly complex solution.
Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study emphasises that the responsibility for monitoring and managing AI and its operations begins from the moment it is employed or deployed. Criminal law and the criminalisation of behaviour only address the question of responsibility to a limited extent, and the responsibility for monitoring should be viewed as an obligation towards the law.
Molecular Docking Studies of Bioactive Constituents of Long Pepper, Ginger, Clove, and Black Pepper to Target the Human Cathepsin L Protease: As a Natural Therapeutic Strategy Against SARS-Cov-2
Authors: Sharma Kaushal Kishor , Singh Brijendra , Bisen P. S. , Agarwal D. D. 
Published: January 2024

Human cathepsin L protease is involved in the cleavage of S protein of SARS-Cov-2 virus and activates the membrane fusion, which mediates the entry of the virus into the host cell. Thus, it suggests the cathepsin L protease is critical for the entry of SARS-Cov-2. Currently, chemically synthesized cathepsin L inhibitors are present, but the consumption of chemically synthesized drugs is also an alarming stage due to its side effects, illness, and age reduction. In this study, natural bioactive constituents of long pepper, ginger, clove, and black pepper that has been widely known for antiviral effect and other medicinal properties were used for molecular docking against the human cathepsin L receptor (PDB ID 2XU1). Molecular docking (using a software, AutoDock 4.2) was performed on bioactive constituents of long pepper, ginger, clove, and black pepper against the human cathepsin L protease and elucidates the binding energies, visualization, and analysis of interacting residue (using Discovery studio) at the docking site of cathepsin L protease and compared the docking analysis of these bioactive constituents with preclinical cathepsin L inhibitor (Pub Chem CID: 16725315). The pharmacokinetic properties and toxicity evaluation were calculated by Datawarrior and Osiris Molecular Property explorer software, respectively. Many bioactive constituents from long pepper, ginger, clove, and black pepper have shown significant binding affinity, docking interactions and acceptable pharmacokinetic properties with the human cathepsin L protease. Piperolactam A constituent of long pepper and Kaempferol constituent of clove were found to be more acceptable natural therapeutic compounds among other selected bioactive constituents with the highest binding affinity (Kcal/mol) −9.4 and −9.3, respectively.

Received: 21 August 2023 | Revised: 22 December 2023 | Accepted: 25 December 2023

Conflicts of Interest
P. S. Bisen is an Editorial Board Member for Medinformatics, and was not involved in the editorial review or the decision to publish this article. The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to this work.

Data Availability Statement

The data that support the findings of this study are publicly available: Protein Data Bank: https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2XU1; Pub Chem: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/16725315.
Content Validity Testing of a Novel Cognitive Screen, the Gaylord Occupational Therapy Cognitive (GOT–Cog), to Improve Inpatient Occupational Therapy Treatment Planning
Authors: Hrdlicka Henry C. , Meise Emily , Corbett John , Meyer Amanda , Grevelding Pete 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Importance: No single cognitive screen adequately captures all cognitive domains that are important for inpatient occupational therapy treatment planning.
Objective: To quantify the content validity of a novel 22-item cognitive screen, the Gaylord Occupational Therapy Cognitive (GOT–Cog) screen, developed to better inform inpatient occupational therapy treatment planning.
Design: Delphi-style expert panel review.
Setting: Long-term acute care hospital.
Participants: The first panel was attended by four occupational therapists, two speech-language pathologists, one physician assistant, and two neuropsychologists; the second, by four occupational therapists, one speech-language pathologist, and one physician assistant.
Intervention: Each Delphi panel discussed the relevance, essentiality, and clarity of each item. After each discussion, panelists completed a content validity survey to summarize their evaluation of each item.
Outcomes and Measures: On the basis of panelists’ survey responses, item- and scale-level relevance, essentiality, and clarity were quantified by calculating the respective content validity index (CVI), content validity ratio (CVR), and content clarity index (CCI). Universal agreement (UA) and κ statistics were also calculated, as appropriate.
Results: Upon presenting the initial 23-item instrument covering 10 cognitive domains to the first Delphi panel, several questions were added, removed, or rewritten, resulting in a 22-item instrument representing nine domains. After the second panel, several questions were again rewritten, and the domains reorganized. All scale-level metrics improved, including CVI (from 0.87 to 1.0), UA (0.52 to 1.0), CVR (0.43 to 0.94), and CCI (2.26 to 2.92).
Conclusions and Relevance: GOT–Cog displays overall excellent content validity and can proceed to construct validity testing.
Plain-Language Summary: By reporting on the content validity of the Gaylord Occupational Therapy Cognitive screen, this brief report begins the necessary process of evaluating the measure’s overall validity and reliability.
UNG THƯ NỘI MẠC TỬ CUNG SAU DÙNG TAMOXIFEN: BÁO CÁO CA LÂM SÀNG VÀ HỒI CỨU Y VĂN
Authors: Đỗ Anh Tú , Nguyễn Bá Thái , Trần Nguyên Tuấn 
Published: January 2024

Tamoxifen, một chất kháng estrogen, là một loại thuốc phổ biến để điều trị và ngăn ngừa ung thư vú phụ thuộc hormone. Tamoxifen đã trở thành một trong những loại thuốc chống ung thư được dùng thường xuyên nhất trên toàn thế giới. Tuy nhiên đi kèm với đó là các tác dụng phụ, đặc biệt là làm tăng nguy cơ ung thư nội mạc tử cung. Điều này xảy ra sau khi sử dụng lâu dài (>2 năm), đặc biệt ở phụ nữ sau mãn kinh có bệnh lý tử cung từ trước. Thực tế do mức độ hiếm gặp, tại Việt Nam chưa có báo cáo nào vệ tác dụng gây ung thư nội mạc tử cung phụ thuốc này. Bài viết này báo cáo 2 trường hợp ung thư nội mạc tử cung sau dùng tamoxifen, qua đó nhìn lại y văn về tác dụng phụ này của thuốc để các bác sĩ có những lưu ý, theo dõi khi dùng thuốc. Báo cáo ca lâm sàng: Chúng tôi báo cáo hai ca lâm sàng bệnh nhân ung thư nội mạc tử cung sau dùng Tamoxifen điều trị ung thư vú tại bệnh viện K. Bàn luận: Trong bài báo cáo này, chúng tôi bàn luận về cơ chế, đặc điểm lâm sàng của ung thư nội mạc tử cung sau dùng Tamoxifen. Kết luận: Tamoxifen là một chất điều biến thụ thể estrogen chọn lọc được sử dụng để điều trị và phòng ngừa ung thư vú thụ thể estrogen (ER) dương tính. Tuy nhiên, tamoxifen làm tăng nguy cơ ung thư nội mạc tử cung (EC) lên khoảng 2–7 lần và người sử dụng tamoxifen mắc EC có tiên lượng xấu hơn [1]. Tamoxifen gây ung thư nội mạc tử cung thông qua tác dụng chủ vận của tamoxifen đối với thụ thể ERα trên nội mạc tử cung và sự biểu hiện của thụ thể estrogen kết hợp G-protein 1 (GPER-1). Nguy cơ ung thư nội mạc tử cung có thể được giảm thiểu bằng cách phát hiện và điều trị các bệnh lý nội mạc tử cung trước khi bắt đầu điều trị bằng tamoxifen. Khi dùng tamoxifen kéo dài (>2 năm) cần theo dõi sát, đặc biệt khi xuất hiện các triệu chứng bất thường, đồng thời giải thích nguy cơ cho bệnh nhân trước điều trị.
MỘT SỐ YẾU TỐ LIÊN QUAN ĐẾN CHẤT LƯỢNG CUỘC SỐNG BỆNH NHÂN BỤI PHỔI TẠI BỆNH VIỆN PHỔI TRUNG ƯƠNG
Authors: Lê Văn Hợp , Nguyễn Ngọc Hồng , Chu Thị Hạnh 
Published: January 2024

Mục tiêu: Phân tích các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến chất lượng cuộc sống của bệnh nhân bụi phổi tại bệnh viện Phổi Trung ương từ tháng 10 năm 2021 đến tháng 9 năm 2022. Đối tượng và phương pháp: Nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang, thu thập số liệu tiến cứu trên 52 bệnh nhân mắc bệnh bụi phổi được chẩn đoán và theo dõi tại Bệnh viện Phổi Trung ương từ tháng 10 năm 2021 đến tháng 9 năm 2022. Kết quả: Qua phân tích hồi quy tuyến tính đa biến các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến tổng điểm chất lượng cuộc sống theo thang điểm WHOQOL-BREF thì nghiệm pháp đi bộ 6 phút và triệu chứng đau ngực là 2 yếu tố độc lập với phương trình hồi quy là y = 43,56 – 7,5 x (Đau ngực) + 0,041 x (nghiệm pháp đi bộ 6 phút). Kết luận: Qua phân tích hồi quy tuyến tính đa biến các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến tổng điểm chất lượng cuộc sống theo thang điểm WHOQOL-BREF thì nghiệm pháp đi bộ 6 phút và triệu chứng đau ngực là 2 yếu tố độc lập ảnh hưởng có ý nghĩa thống kê trong đó triệu chứng đau ngực tỷ lệ nghịch còn kết quả nghiệm pháp đi bộ tỷ lệ thuận.