bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical, textural and crystallization characteristics of different chain length diacylglycerol‐based solid fats
Authors: Zhou Jun , Mao Yilin , Lee Yee‐Ying , Lai Oi‐Ming , Tan Chin‐Ping , Cheng Jianqiang , Wang Yong , Zhang Zhen 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCompared with conventional plant oils, diacylglycerol (DAG)‐based fats exhibit a higher melting point and could serve as a solid base oil for preparing specialty fats. In this study, different chain length DAG‐based solid fats were prepared, and the influences of acyl groups on the physical property, crystal microstructure, and crystallization kinetics of the binary solid fat phase were explored. The slipping melting point (SMP) of obtained medium chain‐DAG (MCD‐fats), medium‐long chain‐DAG (MLCD‐fats), and long chain‐DAG (LCD‐fats) fats were 35.67, 40.70, and 52.30°C, and their original β′ crystal content were 46.3%, 56.1%, and 66.9%, respectively. The solid fat content (SFC) profiles and crystallization properties were significantly affected as the fatty acid chain length and acylglycerols compositions changes. The microstructure of crystal in DAG‐fats got denser slowly during storage. DAG can delay the translation of crystal form and stabilize β′ crystal form, which is related to their three‐dimensional crystalline network changes. The hardness of MCD‐fats and LCD‐fats were higher than that of MLCD‐fats because of the acylglycerol compositions as well as fat crystals in DAG‐fats. Applying high melting point DAG as a novel base stock has an immense potential value in the production of specialty fats with low saturated fat, high stability, and decent operability.
Enhanced pervaporation dehydration performance of polyamide thin‐film composite membrane with sodium alginate hydrophilic surface modification
Authors: Sun Haixiang , Jing Qi , Chen Yuhao , Liu Juan , Ye Haixing , Wang Ming , Li Peng 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBased on the solution‐diffusion model of pervaporation (PV) technique, the development of thin‐film composite membranes (TFC) with a highly hydrophilic surface and hydrophobic internal structure is more conducive to the rapid adsorption and desorption of water molecules to overcome the trade‐off effect between flux and separation selectivity. Herein, the polyamide PV membrane was fabricated via interfacial polymerization (IP) with trimesoyl chloride (TMC) and polyethylenimine (PEI) as organic and aqueous phase monomer, respectively, on the hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile (HPAN) substrate. Subsequently, the hydrophilic modification layer was prepared via sodium alginate (SA) crosslinking with Ca2+ to form the egg‐box network. The results indicated the optimized TFC membrane exhibited high separation factor of 525.1 with desirable permeation flux of 2083.9 g m−2 h−1 for the pervaporation dehydration 85 wt% ethanol/water solution at 70°C. The modification method of hydrophilic surface opens up new avenues for the preparation of PV membrane with high separation performance and low‐cost.
The immune response of Locusta migratoria manilensis at different times of infection with Paranosema locustae
Authors: Liu Hui , Wei Xiaojia , Ye Xiaofang , Zhang Huihui , Yang Kun , Shi Wangpen , Zhang Jinrui , Jashenko Roman , Ji Rong , Hu Hongxia 
Published: October 2023

AbstractParanosema locustae is an entomopathogenic microsporidia with promising potential for controlling agricultural pests, including Locusta migratoria manilensis. However, it has the disadvantage of having a slow insecticidal rate, and how P. locustae infection impacts the host immune response is currently unknown. The present study investigated the effect of P. locustae on the natural immune response of L. migratoria and the activities of enzymes that protect against oxidative stress. Infection with P. locustae increased the hemocytes and nodulation number of L. migratoria at the initial stage of infection. The hemocyte‐mediated modulation of immune response was also affected by a decrease in the number of hemocytes 12 days postinfection. Superoxide dismutase activity in locusts increased in the early stages of infection but decreased in the later stages, whereas the activities of peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) showed opposite trends may be due to their different mechanisms of action. Furthermore, the transcription levels of mRNA of antimicrobial peptide‐related genes and phenoloxidase activity in hemolymph in L. migratoria were suppressed within 15 days of P. locustae infection. Overall, our data suggest that P. locustae create a conducive environment for its own proliferation in the host by disrupting the immune defense against it. These findings provide useful information for the potential application of P. locustae as a biocontrol agent.
Proactive Management of Aesthetic Quality to Maintain Customer Confidence
Authors: Adams Hunter , Pochiraju Susheera , Barrowman Polly , Chowdhury Zaid K. , Voegele Trevor P. , McGuire Michael J. , Bartrand Timothy A. , Fulmer Alice H. 
Published: October 2023

Key Takeaways“Water quality aesthetics” describes various customer concerns, such as taste and odor, color, turbidity, and effects of pipe corrosion.As end users, customers are on the front lines of emergent water issues and can indicate aesthetic quality changes for water suppliers.Managing aesthetic quality in a proactive manner not only can save a water supplier money but also build public confidence.
Evaluation of Proclarix in the diagnostic work‐up of prostate cancer
Authors: Kaufmann Basil , Fischer Sharon , Athanasiou Alcibiade , Lautenbach Noémie , Wittig Anja , Bieri Uwe , Schmid Florian A. , von Stauffenberg Franz , Scherer Thomas , Eberli Daniel , Gorin Michael A. , Schiess Ralph , Poyet Cédric 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe use of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) has been widely adopted in the diagnostic work‐up for suspicious prostate cancer (PCa) and is recommended in most current guidelines. However, mpMRI lesions are often indeterminate and/or turn out to be false‐positive on prostate biopsy. The aim of this work was to evaluate Proclarix, a biomarker test for the detection of relevant PCa, regarding its diagnostic value in all men before biopsy and in men with indeterminate lesions on mpMRI (PI‐RADS 3) during work‐up for PCa.Materials and MethodsMen undergoing mpMRI‐targeted and systematic biopsy of the prostate were prospectively enrolled. The Proclarix test was evaluated for the detection accuracy of clinically significant PCa (csPCa) defined as Grade Group ≥ 2 and its association to mpMRI results. Further, Proclarix's performance was also tested when adapted to prostate volume (Proclarix density) and performance compared to PSA density (PSAD).ResultsA total of 150 men with a median age of 65 years and median PSA of 5.8 ng/mL were included in this study. CsPCa was diagnosed in 65 (43%) men. Proclarix was significantly associated with csPCa and higher PI‐RADS score (p < 0.001). At the pre‐defined cut‐off of 10%, Proclarix's sensitivity for csPCa was 94%, specificity 19%, negative predictive value 80% and positive predictive value 47%. Proclarix density showed the highest AUC for the detection of csPCa of 0.77 (95%CI: 0.69–0.85) compared to PSA, PSAD and Proclarix alone. Proclarix was able to identify all six csPCa in men with PI‐RADS 3 lesions (n = 28), whereas PSAD missed two out of six. At optimized cut‐offs, Proclarix density outperformed PSAD by potentially avoiding 41% of unnecessary biopsies.ConclusionProclarix demonstrates high sensitivity in detecting csPCa but may still result in unnecessary biopsies. However, Proclarix density was able to outperform PSAD and Proclarix and was found to be useful in men with PI‐RADS 3 findings by safely avoiding unnecessary biopsies without missing csPCa.
Development and validation of a network calculator model for safety and efficacy after pancreaticoduodenectomy in the elderly patients with pancreatic head cancer
Authors: Cai Ming , Guo Tong , Chen Zixiang , Li Wuhan , Pu Tian , Zhang Zhiwei , Huang Xiaorui , Guo Xinyi , Yu Yahong 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundBenefiting from increased life expectancy and improved perioperative management, more elderly patients with pancreatic head cancer (PHC) underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). However, individualized predictive models for the safety and efficacy of PD is still lacking. this study aimed to developed three safety‐ and efficacy‐related risk calculators for elderly (> = 65 years) PHC patients.MethodsThis study was designed with two research cohorts, namely, the training cohort and the validation cohort, and comprises four general steps: (1) Risk factors were analyzed for the incidence of postoperative complications, cancer‐specific survival (CSS), and overall survival (OS) in the training cohort (N = 271) using logistic and Cox‐regression analysis. (2) Nomograms were then plotted based on the above results. (3) The accuracy of the developed nomogram models was then verified with the validation cohort (N = 134) data using consistency index (C‐index) and calibration curves. (4) We then evaluated the efficacy of these nomograms using decision curve analysis (DCA) in both the training and validation cohorts, and ultimately constructed three online calculators based on these nomograms.ResultsWe identified ASA, diabetes, smoking, and lymph node invasion as predisposing risk factors for postoperative complications, and the predictive factors that affected both OS and CSS were ASA, diabetes, BMI, CA19‐9 level, and tumor diameter. By integrating the above risk factors, we constructed three nomograms on postoperative complication, CSS, and OS. The C‐index for complication, CSS, and OS were 0.824, 0.784, and 0.801 in the training cohort and 0.746, 0.718, and 0.708 in the validation cohort. Moreover, the validation curves and DCA demonstrated good calibration and robust compliance in both training and validation cohorts. We then developed three web calculators (https://caiming.shinyapps.io/CMCD/, https://caiming.shinyapps.io/CMCSS/, and https://caiming.shinyapps.io/CMOS/) to facilitate the use of the nomograms.ConclusionsThe calculators demonstrated promising performance as an tool for predicting the safety and efficacy of PD in elderly PHC patients.
Optimisation of Three Essential Oils against Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli by Mixture Designa
Authors: Kachkoul Rabie , Benjelloun Touimi Ghita , Bennani Bahia , El Mouhri Ghita , El Habbani Radouane , Zouhri Aziz , El‐mernissi Yahya , Lahrichi Anissa 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe aim of this work is to optimise the antibacterial activity of essential oils (EOs) from Eucalyptus camaldulensis (ECEO), Mentha pulegium (MPEO) and Rosmarinus officinalis (ROEO) plants against Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli. The qualitative antimicrobial effect was assessed using the disc diffusion method, the broth microdilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC). Polynomial models were created using an augmented centroid simplex mixture design to highlight the synergy of EOs. The results show a significant antibacterial effect of ECEO and MPEO against both bacterial strains, with inhibition zones (IZs) of 13 and 12 mm respectively against E. coli, and 13 and 11 mm against Salmonella spp. The latter strain showed a MIC of 0.625 % (v : v) by the ECEO, while E. coli exhibited a MIC of 0.0781 % (v : v). The binary combinations of essential oils display a synergistic effect, the proportions of the optimum EOs in the mixture giving the lowest MICm were of the order of 50.51 % ECEO and 49.49 % ROEO against Salmonella spp. and around 50 % MPEO and 50 % ECEO against E. coli. These results indicate the effectiveness of binary combinations EOs against resistant bacterial strains and suggest their importance in bacterial infections treatment.
Quantifying the Ground‐State Hydrogen‐Bond Formation of a Super‐Photoacid by Inspecting Its Excited‐State Dynamics
Authors: Choi Ye‐Jin , Nho Hak‐Won , Kim Ye‐Jin , Kwon Oh‐Hoon 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe identification and quantification of hydrogen (H)‐bonded complexes form the cornerstone of reaction‐mechanism analysis in ultrafast proton‐transfer reactions. Traditionally, the Benesi–Hildebrand method has been employed to obtain the formation constants of H‐bonded complexes, given that H‐bonding additives induce an alteration in spectral features exclusively through H‐bond formation. However, if the additive introduction impacts the bulk polarity of the solution, inducing a spectral shift, the spectroscopic method‘s accuracy in analyzing the H‐bond formation becomes compromised. In this study, we scrutinize H‐bond formation under the influence of an H‐bond accepting solute in an aprotic solvent. This is achieved by quantifying the fractions of two concurrent pathways involved in the excited‐state proton transfer (ESPT) of a super‐photoacid: the ultrafast ESPT of an H‐bonded complex versus the diffusion‐controlled ESPT of the free acid. Our method offers improved accuracy compared to conventional steady‐state spectroscopic techniques, by directly quantifying the H‐bonded complexes using the time‐resolved spectroscopic method, thereby circumventing the aforementioned limitation.
A 3‐year controlled clinical trial comparing high‐translucency zirconia (cubic zirconia) with lithium disilicate glass ceramic (e.max)
Authors: Fawakhiri Hiba A. , Abboud Souad , Kanout Shaza 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe rate of clinical success in veneers, under esthetics, has achieved a range of 18 months to 20 years. In a plethora of studies, it registers a success rate reaching 75% and even 100%. The most common type of glass ceramics used in ceramics is the vitreous lithium disilicate crystal‐reinforced material, e.max®. Recent studies focus on “polycrystalline ceramic use” in manufacturing veneers, as it possesses a stronger structure and different enabling manufacturing schemes.ObjectivesThis research aims at comparing e.max and the high‐translucent Cubic Zirconia. Such comparison is administered to veneers manufacturing: esthetic (surface and edge, and staining and color matching), functional (crack and fracture, contact point, and patient satisfaction), and biological (posttreatment vitality and hypersensitivity, and periodontal response).Materials and MethodsThe research sample consisted of 60 veneers, divided into two groups: cubic zirconia and e.max. The sample included 2 males (16.6%) and 10 females (83.3%), with age ranging from 25 to 37 years. Patients were thoroughly diagnosed and treated and included in this study based on certain inclusion–exclusion criteria. Hickel's 2010 criteria were utilized to examine and observe the clinical aspect of veneers during intervals of 1 week, 3 months, 1 year, and 3 years.ResultsNo significant differences were traced across the groups for all the variables, with a p‐value being greater than 0.05. The e.max group revealed better clinical results compared to the cubic zirconia one regarding esthetics and tooth translucency. Nonetheless, the results showed a merely slight increase in hypersensitivity in the e.max group.ConclusionWithin the limitation of an extensive follow‐up period, we can conclude that there is no difference between cubic zirconia and e.max (p > 0.05), where e.max and cubic zirconia veneers have the same characteristics in terms of the following. The characteristics of the aspects examined were esthetic, functional, and biological.
The role of habit in maintaining binge/purge behaviors: An ecological momentary assessment study
Authors: Dougherty Elizabeth N. , Wildes Jennifer E. , Haedt‐Matt Alissa A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveIndividuals with eating disorders transdiagnostically engage in binge eating (BE) and/or purging, despite life‐threatening consequences. Little is known about factors that contribute to the persistence of these behaviors. This study explored whether habitual control over binge/purge (B/P) spectrum behaviors contributes to symptom persistence and whether negative reinforcement via reductions in negative affect is less influential in maintaining B/P behaviors that are under habitual control and are persistent.MethodWomen with BE and/or purging (N = 81) completed self‐report measures assessing habit strength of BE and purging. Then, they completed a 14‐day ecological momentary assessment (EMA) protocol during which they completed measures of negative affect, BE, and purging multiple times per day.ResultsHabitual control over purging was associated with a greater frequency of purging during the EMA period. However, habitual control over BE was not associated with the severity of loss of control eating or the frequency of BE episodes. Habitual control did not moderate temporal relations between negative affect and B/P behaviors during the EMA period. However, exploratory analyses revealed that individuals with a longer duration of BE and greater habitual control over BE showed a less pronounced reduction in negative affect following BE.DiscussionOverall, these findings suggest that purging may be maintained by habitual stimulus–response learning. In addition, they support the possibility that reduction in negative affect may play a less prominent role in maintaining BE that is habitual and persistent.Public significanceThis study investigated whether habit contributes to the persistence of symptoms in women with binge/purge spectrum behaviors and whether negative reinforcement via reductions in negative affect is less influential in maintaining binge/purge behaviors that are under habitual control. The findings suggest that purging may be maintained through habit. This supports the potential utility of habit reversal interventions to decrease habitual purging.
Predation and competition drive trait diversity across space and time
Authors: Neale Zoey , Rudolf Volker H. W. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCompetition should play a key role in shaping community assembly and thereby local and regional biodiversity patterns. However, identifying its relative importance and effects in natural communities is challenging because theory suggests that competition can lead to different and even opposing patterns depending on the underlying mechanisms. Here, we have taken a different approach: rather than attempting to indirectly infer competition from diversity patterns, we compared trait diversity patterns in odonate (dragonfly and damselfly) communities across different spatial and temporal scales along a natural competition–predation gradient. At the local scale (within a community), we found that trait diversity increased with the size of top predators (from invertebrates to fish). This relationship is consistent with differences in taxonomic diversity, suggesting that competition reduces local trait diversity through competitive exclusion. Spatial (across communities) and temporal (within communities over time) trait variation peaked in communities with intermediate predators indicating that both high levels of competition or predation select for trait convergence of communities. This indicates that competition acts as a deterministic force that reduces trait diversity at the local, regional, and temporal scales, which contrasts with patterns at the taxonomic level. Overall, results from this natural experiment reveal how competition and predation interact to shape biodiversity patterns in natural communities across spatial and temporal scales and provide new insights into the underlying mechanisms.
Relationship between salivary levels of interleukin‐8 and HbA1c in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Shirzaiy Masoomeh , Dalirsani Zohreh , Peymankar Payam , Taherizadeh Mahboobeh 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroductionDiabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease, which genetic and environmental factors play a role in its pathogenesis. Cytokines as important elements in the immune system have diverse expressions in different individuals and societies and are effective in the pathogenesis of diabetes. This study investigated the relationship between blood sugar control and salivary levels of interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) in patients with type 2 diabetes.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was conducted on 73 subjects (35 diabetic and 38 healthy individuals). Unstimulated saliva samples were collected and the correlation between IL‐8, as an inflammatory marker and HbA1c (Haemoglobin A1C) was studied.ResultsThe levels of IL‐8 and HbA1c were significantly higher in the patient group than control group (p < .001, p < .001, respectively). There was not any relationship between salivary IL‐8 levels and glycemic control levels (p = .629). Also, there was no remarkable difference between men and women in terms of the levels of IL‐8 and HbA1c saliva (p = .524, p = .998, respectively).ConclusionAlthough the salivary IL‐8 levels were higher in the diabetic patients, blood sugar control did not significantly affect cytokine concentrations. Increased salivary levels of IL‐8 in patients with type 2 diabetes could be a basis for risk assessment, prevention and treatment of diabetes‐related complications.
A new multi‐objective optimization of refrigeration cycles (Case study: “Optimization of transcritical carbon dioxide cycle”)
Authors: Javadpour Seyed Morteza , Naserian Mohammad Mahdi , Zarenezhad Ashkezari Abbas 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFor store and maintain products, ingredients, and other perishables at a safe temperature, there is a growing need for low‐temperature refrigeration systems. In this study, a new multi‐objective exergetic criterion is proposed for the optimization of refrigeration cycles, the conventional coefficient of performance (COP) maximization method results in high evaporator temperature, which is in contrast with the philosophy of the invention and design of refrigeration cycles. Thus, it is not a suitable platform for comparing different refrigeration cycles. This research aims to define a practical performance analysis parameter for designing and comparing refrigeration cycles. The novelty of this research is incorporating the impact of evaporator temperature into the COP concept. A performance comparison of the multi‐objective optimization is drawn with that of the maximum COP state on a transcritical carbon dioxide refrigeration cycle. According to the comparison, the evaporator temperature at the optimal state of multi‐objective exergetic optimization was 44 K lower than that of the maximum COP state, which demonstrates the excellent performance of the method. The results of the new multi‐objective exergetic optimization can be used to design low‐temperature evaporation refrigeration cycles. In the end, the flowchart of the suggested performance optimization is presented. Exergy of power at the optimal point of exergetic optimization is about 77% higher than the maximum COP. A comparison of the results obtained from maximum performance coefficient with optimal point of exergetic optimization suggests that the performance coefficient at optimum state of exergetic optimization is about 58% lower than the maximum COP.