bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research and Application of Digital Monitoring System for Pulse Current Cathodic Protection of Oil Pipeline
Authors: Gao Bao-Yuan , Li Zhao-Hui , Huan Tan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The transportation of crude oil mainly relies on long-distance buried oil pipelines, which are generally made of steel pipes. Oil leakage often occurs due to corrosion, causing environmental pollution and unsafe accidents. A digital monitoring system for pulse current cathodic protection of oil pipelines was studied, with a focus on the composition and functions of the digital monitoring system for pulse current cathodic protection of oil pipelines. In 2022, the system was applied on two oil pipelines in Tongzhai operation area of the Third Oil Production Plant of Changqing oil field. The system realized the pulse current cathodic protection of oil pipelines to prevent corrosion. At the same time, it can digitally monitor the pulse current cathodic Conservation status status and adjust the working state of the potentiostat, and cooperate with the pulse current cathodic protection monitoring expert system for auxiliary analysis, which has received good economic and social benefits.
Study on Surfactants for Replenish Energy before Fracturing in Tight Reservoir
Authors: Liu Chun-tian , Ma Liang-liang , Wang Zheng-mao , Lu Shou-liang , Song Zhi-rui , Li Xin-xin , Wang Ying 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Tight reservoir in the periphery of Daqing oilfield is abundant. However, due to tight lithology, poor physical properties, and insufficient formation energy, water injection is not effective, development effect is not ideal, and utilization degree is low. Therefore, it is proposed to implement energy replenishment before fracturing, integral fracturing, and energy storage after fracturing. In the energy replenishment stage, surfactants with good compatibility with the formation and strong oil washing ability are selected as injection medium to play the dual role of energy replenishment and oil washing, and improve the recovery rate of tight sandstone reservoirs. Surfactants are evaluated by established method; LH anionic surfactant and KR anionic non-ionic surfactant are preferred. Under alkali free condition, interfacial tension of two surfactants maintain at order of 10-3. Recovery degree of surfactants in natural cores reach more than 15%. Field application conducted in 30 wells in Block P, including 27 vertical wells and 3 horizontal wells. Oil is seen in vertical wells at 7.8% flow back rate. The average daily liquid production of the 20 wells that have been pumped is 7.5 tons per day, with a daily oil production of 1.3 tons, and a cumulative oil increase of 223.8 tons per well. The average daily oil increase of a single well in the three months after fracturing a qualified oil well is 5.2 tons, 1.6 times and 2.2 times that of dessert fracturing and overall fracturing in the same period. The average daily liquid production of 3 horizontal wells is 24.2 tons, and the daily oil production is 9.6 tons. The test results show that the overall design of the fracturing energy supplement scheme is reasonable, and the selected surfactant can supplement the formation energy while improving the oil washing efficiency, which will provide technical support for exploring new ways to improve oil recovery in tight reservoirs.
Development and Application of Polymer Plugging Remover for Polymer Injection Well in Changqing Oilfield
Authors: Wan Xiang-hui , Jiang Wen-xue , Xu Yang 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Water injection is a conventional method to maintain reservoirs pressure and improve production in low permeability oilfield. To decrease high water-cut and further enhance oil recovery, Polymers, such as polymer microsphere, preformed polymer gel, cross-linked polyacrylamide, are extensively used to control injection profile in Changqing oilfield. However, due to the low permeability and narrow pore throats of tight reservoirs, pressure in some water flooding wells increases rapidly after the polymer was injected, negatively affecting the energy supplement of the well cluster. A polymer plugging remover, composed of oxidizer, acid and chelating agent to relieve blockage, was developed with viscosity reduction and structure decomposition. The release period is more than 48 hours, which is conducive to deep-seated plugging removal. After treatment, the average diameter of polymer residue is 39-254nm and the dissolution rate is 15.76-53.42%. The permeability of the core sample plugged with polymer has increased significantly before and after treatment by polymer plugging remover, especially, it recovered by 28.67% for microsphere polymer. Five field tests have been completed successfully in the Jiyuan oilfield of Changqing. Before treatment, conventional acidification was performed in the pilot wells for two times at least, which is proved invalid. However, after polymer degraded by the plugging remover, the injection rate increased by 16.2m3/d, the pressure dropped by 3.4MPa and the validity period has exceeded 130 days on average. The polymer plugging remover provides an alternative way to increase injectability when dealing with high pressure and under-injection wells caused by polymer flooding.
Progress and Suggestions for Fracturing Technologies of Tight Oil in Daqing Oilfield
Authors: Wang Xian-jun , Sun Yu , Wang Wei , Zhang Hong-tao , Gao Xiang 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Daqing oilfield is rich in tight oil reserves, and it’s a realistic field for increasing the efficiency of Daqing oilfield. After 11 years of technical exploration and practice, based on the idea of integration of geological engineering, Daqing oilfield has formed two technical series, which are volumetric fracturing with tight spacing in horizontal well and network fracturing in vertical well, and realizes three-dimensional reservoir transformation. However, with the exploration and development, the reservoir physical properties gradually deteriorate, and there are some problems such as unclear stimulation mechanism and difficult production improvement in fracturing stimulation. Therefore, based on the introduction of the progress of tight oil fracturing technology in Daqing oilfield, the challenges faced by tight oil fracturing in Daqing oilfield are analyzed. According to the geological characteristics of tight oil reservoir in Daqing oilfield, three concepts are proposed, which respectively are horizontal well fracturing changing from further close cutting to uniform fracture initiation and balanced distribution of sand fluid,vertical well fracturing changing from large displacement, large seam fracturing to moderate displacement, moderate scale multi-branch seam fracturing, fracturing concept changing from “trading initial production for benefit” to “cumulative production for benefits”. And it puts forward 5 relevant technical research directions. It has certain guiding significance for assisting the efficient development of tight oil in Daqing oilfield.
Application of Remote Wireless Intelligent Layered Water Injection Technology in Dagang Oilfield
Authors: Song Zu-chang , Liu Yang , Zhang Yong-tao , Yang Ji-jun , Wang Ying-ying , Li Min 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
A remote wireless intelligent layered water injection technolo-gy is proposed to address the problems of traditional layered water in-jection well testing in oil fields, such as the inability to achieve continu-ous dynamic monitoring of injection parameters, high failure rate, and low success rate of testing and commissioning. The technology consists of a host computer client, a server, a surface controller, and an under-ground intelligent water distributor. The underground intelligent water distributor takes the injected water as the carrier, and uses the fluctua-tion of the water injection pressure in the tubing for signal transmission to realize two-way communication between the ground controller and the downhole intelligent water distributor. The underground intelligent water distributor integrates high-precision pressure gauges, controllable water nozzles, and calculation and control modules to form an intelli-gent control system, realizing the reception of ground down transmitted commands or data, the calculation and control of water injection flow rate of water nozzles, and the storage and upload of underground data. Remote wireless intelligent layered water injection technology has been applied in 43 wells, with a success rate of 100%. The maximum depth is 3897m, and the maximum wellbore inclination is 56.07°. This tech-nology realizes remote control of water injection wells, intelligent au-tomatic measurement and adjustment, real-time data monitoring, and automatic early warning functions, laying a foundation for the con-struction of “Digital Intelligence” oilfield.
Structural Optimization Design of Throttle Valve Core for Intelligent Layered Polymer Injection String Controlled By Cable
Authors: Wang Ying-ying , Chen Jian-guang , Qiao Zhi-xue , Yang Zhao-yun , Song Zu-chang , Yang Hai-chao 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Optimization Design of Throttling Valve Core Structure for Wired Intelligent Layered Polymer Injection String Abstract: Wired intelligent layered polymer in-jection technology can improve the coverage of polymer flooding, alleviate inter-layer conflicts in reservoir development, and improve crude oil recovery. It is an important component of tertiary oil recovery. However, the layered polymer in-jection technology currently used in most domestic oilfields is still the method of fishing and changing the injection nozzle for testing and adjustment. The alloca-tion efficiency of injection volume testing for each layer is slow, with large er-rors, and it is impossible to monitor polymer injection parameters throughout the process. To this end, research has been carried out on the cable controlled intelli-gent layered polymer injection string. By optimizing a highly efficient and low viscosity loss streamlined layered polymer injection throttling device with contin-uously adjustable gaps, the adjustment stroke is shorter and the measurement and adjustment efficiency is higher. Using finite element simulation, the low shear throttle control unit was studied and optimized. By moving the polymer core up and down slightly in the axial direction, the relative gap between the polymer core and the working cylinder was changed to achieve flow adjustment. At the same time, it is necessary to complete the direct reading measurement and adjustment process to form a single pipe layered polymer injection measurement and adjust-ment integration technology. The cable controlled intelligent layered polymer in-jection matching technology connects with the ground intelligent control system through cables to achieve realtime monitoring and online control of polymer flow, pressure, temperature, and other parameters, improving monitoring accura-cy and efficiency, and providing technical support for the construction of the “Digital Intelligence Oilfield”.
A Performance Testing Method for HRF in Dual Mode Communication
Authors: Long Yan , Chen Yongli , Bai Zhihua , Zhao Xiaoqing 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In recent years, dual-mode communication technology has developed rapidly. Dual-mode communication technology is a local communication technology that integrates a high-speed power line carrier (HPLC) and high-speed radio frequency (HRF). The performance of HRF is a guarantee for the healthy operation of dual-mode communication. This article studies the performance testing methods of HRF, designs and builds a testing system that combines software and hardware and conducts performance testing on the HRF part of the dual-mode integrated chip. The main tests are on the sending and receiving performance of HRF, and the test results show that the performance of HRF in the dual mode chip meets the relevant performance requirements of the State Grid’s “Technical Specification for Dual Mode Communication Interconnection”. The testing system designed in this article can achieve testing of HRF performance.
Node Deployment Strategy Based on Improved Particle Swarm Algorithm in Three-dimensional Underwater Sensor Networks
Authors: Dai Dongping , Yi Jinwang 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
To enhance the monitoring quality of the underwater three-dimensional target area and address issues such as uneven node distribution, inadequate coverage, and poor connectivity in traditional deployment strategies, a new node deployment strategy based on grid deployment with a variable weight particle swarm algorithm has been proposed in this research paper. Its goal is to minimize the quantity of deployed nodes while maintaining the coverage and connectivity of the three-dimensional wireless sensor networks (UWSNs). Simulation results demonstrate that this deployment strategy leads to good performance of the sensor network, and our approach ensures maximum coverage with the same number of nodes.
NEMP Protection of Antennas in Mobile Communication System: Simulation and Circuit Design
Authors: Zhang Keran , Hao Yun , Zhang Shu , Fan Yangtao , He Xiangyong 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Nuclear Electromagnetic Pulse (NEMP) is highly destructive to mobile communication systems. This paper targets the RF front door of shortwave and ultra-shortwave antennas, simulates the NEMP excitation and coupling effect of two types of antennas (half-loop and whip) based on the CST Microwave Studio platform (CST), and proposes a circuit design for NEMP protection. The protection circuit reduces the transient peak current to less than 5 A in a standard pulsed current injection (PCI) test. The simulation model and the circuit design may be references for the NEMP/HEMP protection of mobile communication systems.
Research on characterizing the high dynamic performance of distributed FANETs
Authors: Ding Fuzhuang , Li Xu , Liang Yanan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Distributed Flying Ad-Hoc Networks (FANETs) have been widely used in collaborative reconnaissance, situation construction and other scenarios. Due to malicious damage, complex electromagnetic interference, and rapid movement of UAV nodes during flight, distributed FANET have high dynamic characteristics. However, most researches on the characterization of network dynamics cannot fully consider the influence of various factors, such as protocol self-interference. In this paper, by comprehensively considering the effects of node damage, channel fading, protocol self-interference and other factors, based on HCPP model, Weibull distribution model and other theories, we establish link outage probability of network model to characterize link randomness and high dynamicity. On this basis, link entropy rate and topology entropy rate model are established to characterize the high dynamic performance of distributed FANETs.
A digital twin method for civil aircraft power distribution system based on Unity3D and Simulink
Authors: Liu Weixian , Li Xuhui , Shen Zifan , Ma Cunbao 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In recent years, digital twin technology has attracted more and more attention from experts and scholars. At present, the application of digital twins mainly focuses on the section assembly and equipment installation of the aviation department, but the practice of digital twins for aircraft signals, internal mechanisms, process flow, and so on is less and more difficult. In addition, for the power distribution system of civil aircraft, real-time monitoring of fault detection and health management and other technical means still have great space for development. Real-time acquisition of power distribution system data of assembly lines and its data during flight is a problem waiting to be solved in the aviation industry. Based on this, this paper takes the power distribution system of a certain type of civil aircraft as an example to accomplish the research on the digital twin technology of the power distribution system of civil aircraft, realizing the information, intelligent, and dynamic scene monitoring of the power distribution network of the plane.
HEMP Protection of Power Systems in Electromagnetic Shielding Cabinet
Authors: Zhang Keran , Hao Yun , Zhang Shu , Fan Yangtao , He Xiangyong 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
High-altitude Electromagnetic Pulse (HEMP) has a significant impact on power systems. This paper simulates the HEMP coupling for three types of power cables in an electromagnetic shielding cabinet. Besides, this paper proposes the HEMP protection circuit design for 220 V AC and 24 V DC power. In a lightning conduction injection test, the circuit reduces the peak voltage by 12.1 and 14.2 times for AC and DC, respectively. In a pulsed current injection (PCI) test, the circuit reduces the transient peak current to less than 8.2 A for both AC and DC.
Analysis of the Tunnel Face Failure during the Excavation and Evaluation of Excavation Method and Sequential on Ciuyah Tunnel, Lebak Regency, Banten Province
Authors: Bismoseno Asyfak , Indrawan I Gde Budi , Junica Maulidya Indah 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The difference in geological and geotechnical conditions during design and implementation are frequent due to the lack of data collection and diverse rock variations. An important step in designing the excavation method, stages, and support system are determining the rock mass’s actual condition. Inaccuracy in evaluating rock mass quality can cause a collapse during tunnel excavation. This study used an example of a collapse case on the inlet side of the Ciuyah tunnel. The classification system used in the design was the JSCE 1975, but collapses occurred at several locations during excavations. An additional assessment of the tunnel stability was carried out by doing surface surveys and evaluations in STA 0+123 using the RMR89, GSI, and JSCE 2016 classification systems. The rock mass in this location consists of tuffaceous claystone and tuffaceous sandstone with very poor quality. The empirical evaluation showed that Daraei’s multigraph could be used to determine the collapse pattern for very poor rock. For the excavation method, stages, and support systems, it is preferable to apply the RMR classification system with consideration for the maximum stand-up time. This research aims to provide information that may be used for other projects with similar geological circumstances.
Seepage Analysis in Construction of Ciuyah Tunnel, Lebak, Banten, Indonesia
Authors: Darmawan Dendi , Budianta Wawan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The Ciuyah Tunnel is 1,329 meters long, with excavation progress reaching 720 meters from the inlet and 120 meters from the outlet. However, the excavation process from the inlet had to be stopped because of groundwater leakage. Groundwater management has become essential in reducing this tunnel project’s environmental disasters. Seepage analysis is needed to determine the potential leaks in the following excavation process. So the determination of handling methods for leaks and the impact of leaks can be anticipated. The objective of this study is to identify how groundwater leakage occurs during excavation based on the characteristics of the rock masses on the tunnel excavation faces and surface outcrops. This study also predicts the potential seepage point in unexcavated sections. The results show that the tunnel construction area consists of slightly to moderately weathered intercalated tuffaceous sandstone and claystone with many discontinuities. The groundwater leakage on the inlet side occurred due to excavation cutting the discontinuities on the roof. While at the outlet side, it is influenced by syncline geometry and joint planes. The potential for seepage points can occur at excavation points that affect the geometry of the fold where the water goes to a lower place.
Fuzzy Logic Method To Manage The Risks Of Oil And Gas Pipeline Projects To The Environment
Authors: Rodhi N N , Wiguna I P A , Anwar N 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Pipes are one of the supporting infrastructures that are needed in oil and gas projects. However, oil and gas pipeline construction projects have very complex risks and have a major impact on the environment. On the other hand, environmental factors are one of the risk factors for oil and gas pipeline projects with a value of 14% [2]. The existence of risk factors that are not managed properly will have a negative impact that accumulates and causes a hazard. Therefore, an affective risk analysis method is needed. The purpose of this study is to analyze the risks of oil and gas pipeline construction projects to the environment using the Fuzzy Logic method based on data obtained from questionnaires distributed to Oil and Gas Cooperation Contract Contractors operating in East Java – Indonesia. The results of the analysis show that of the 20 (twenty) risk factors, there are 2 risk factors that are at a high level, namely financial performance risk with a value of 14.9 and contractor experience risk with a risk value of 14.9 and the fuzzy logic method are considered to be used as an effective reference in decision making, this can be seen from the results of the calculation of the accuracy value which shows that the risk analysis system for the environment is accurate with an accuracy value of 0.90 which means the accuracy level is very high.
Surface and Subsurface Engineering Geological Characterization for Empirical Design Excavation Method and Support System of Jragung Dam Diversion Tunnel, Indonesia
Authors: Mulyo Anggoro Bagyo , Anggara Ferian 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The diversion tunnel of Jragung Dam was initially designed using the New Austrian Tunnelling Method (NATM) based on assessment of limited drill cores. Due to the uncertainty in the use of single empirical tunneling method and limited data for the tunnel design, this research was conducted to better characterize the rock masses and provide design alternatives for the tunnel construction. In addition to drill core evaluation, surface engineering geological mapping was carried out to obtain complete parameters of Rock Mass Rating (RMR) and Q rock mass classifications for designs of the tunnel excavation method and support system. The results show that the tunnel area consists of highly weathered sandstone and claystone layers with extremely poor to fair rock mass quality. The rock masses have very favorable and fair discontinuity strike and dip orientations with respect to the tunneling direction. The recommended excavation methods are top heading and bench and multiple drifts. The tunnel mostly requires rock bolt and shotcrete support system and the tunnel sections with poor rock mass quality require additional installation of steel sets. This research highlights potential collapse of the extremely poor quality rock masses near the tunnel portals during excavation of the diversion tunnel.