bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Summary of ‘Non-traditional diagnoses in minority populations: white disease, brown body’ *
Authors: Ahmad I. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter compiles six articles that provide a window into the varied experiences of those with multiple sclerosis (MS). Article 1 discusses a young postgraduate student in psychology grappling with the progressive form of MS, a variant less common than the typical relapsing–remitting type. Article 2 tells the story of a doctor who works as both an oncologist and a haematologist, and whose long history with MS intersects poignantly with personal loss. Article 3 is about a young lady who has a master’s in public health and works in a university setting. She describes the unique challenges in facing MS as a Pakistani-American, providing insights into the challenges of having a condition more prevalent in Western countries. Article 4 reveals how an obstetrician and gynaecologist navigates her professional duties while managing MS symptoms. Article 5 presents a physician’s account of living with MS and the complexities of treatment. Finally, Article 6 features a medical researcher’s reflections on the profound impact of good communication, or the lack thereof, in the journey with MS.
Reflections of a medical student with epilepsy. A case report
Authors: Scott C. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter assembles four articles that delve into the personal experiences of those with epilepsy. Article 1 presents a family doctor’s narrative, highlighting the role of compassion and hope in confronting epilepsy-related stigma and low mood. Article 2 offers the reflections of a medical student on the stigma surrounding epilepsy and the complexities of disclosing such a diagnosis. Article 3 chronicles a paediatrician’s journey with epilepsy, from the early onset of complex partial seizures, to the diagnosis of hippocampal sclerosis, to surgical intervention, and then to dealing with career progression.
Books by doctors/scientists recounting their personal experience of epilepsy
Authors: Kapur Narinder , Bell Vaughan , Friedland Daniel , Kemp Steven 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter assembles four articles that delve into the personal experiences of those with epilepsy. Article 1 presents a family doctor’s narrative, highlighting the role of compassion and hope in confronting epilepsy-related stigma and low mood. Article 2 offers the reflections of a medical student on the stigma surrounding epilepsy and the complexities of disclosing such a diagnosis. Article 3 chronicles a paediatrician’s journey with epilepsy, from the early onset of complex partial seizures, to the diagnosis of hippocampal sclerosis, to surgical intervention, and then to dealing with career progression.
Introduction
Authors: Koch Cédric M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter introduces the phenomenon of rising varieties of populism across democracies in recent decades and situates the book’s main arguments in the literature. It defines populism and discusses how it is seen and studied as a threat to democracy and the liberal international order (LIO) of recent decades in liberal political theory, comparative politics, and international relations, whereas others insist on the normative variety of different populisms beyond the radical right. Against this background, the chapter introduces the book’s main arguments which address how the LIO itself may have contributed to gains for varieties of populism due to self-undermining dynamics of inherently liberal international institutional features. It presents the empirical and theoretical scope conditions of this account and its contributions to the literature. The chapter ends with how the book is structured to develop and test its arguments and discuss its findings’ implications for the crises of liberal (international) order.
The LIO vs. ‘the People’?
Authors: Koch Cédric M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter specifies and empirically tests two distinct mechanisms whereby international institutions in the liberal international order (LIO) can contribute to democratic legitimacy depletion among citizens and thereby boost populist electoral support. After developing observable implications from material deprivation and status threat theories applied to the international level, the chapter first conducts a statistical comparison of 289 election periods in thirty-nine liberal democracies under the LIO between 1980 and 2019 to assess expectations. I then corroborate the democratic legitimacy depletion mechanism expected to underlie these findings. To do so, I conduct a subsample analysis using nationally aggregated levels and polarizations of perceived input responsiveness among citizens available across thirty-seven countries between 1996 and 2018. Results support the international material deprivation mechanism and link especially international markets rather than international organizations to both lower democratic legitimacy and populism. In contrast, international status threat seems to boost populists without prior democratic legitimacy depletion among citizens.
The Birth of Good and Evil in Our Free Imaginations
Authors: Tse Peter Ulric 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
What we imagine into existence, for example, aeroplanes, can be used for good or evil. Imagination is therefore our greatest tool and weapon. When applied to ourselves, it allows us the possibility of reimagining and then transforming ourselves in light of second-order desires. This gives us the ability to choose to become a new kind of chooser in the future. Other animals lack this second-order free will; although they can do otherwise, they cannot want to become otherwise than they are, making them amoral. Humans, in contrast, because they have second-order free will, can be moral or immoral. The uniquely counterfactual nature of imagination found in humans is therefore the root of human ethics.
Studies on Interrogative and Relative Syntax in French and Romance
Authors: Pollock Jean-Yves 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This book provides an in-depth study of the uncommonly large array of interrogative and relative grammars mastered by French speakers. Each of its eight chapters is devoted to one aspect of their interrogative competence and to the closely related syntax of their relative, exclamative, and cleft constructions. Each one draws on the rich traditional and generative literature devoted to such constructions and makes crucial use of all the theoretical tools of modern generative grammar, among them the displacement known as remnant movement and the highly articulated high and low left peripheries of the clause developed within the cartography of syntactic structures research programme. French speakers’ competence in these intricate areas often seems to set them apart from all other Romance speakers. For this reason, the book adopts a comparative approach in an attempt to isolate those features of French which are responsible for the unique properties exhibited by the constructions it investigates. French question, clefts, free relatives, and exclamatives are thus enlightened by their counterparts in English and Romance, more particularly Italian and the Northern Italian dialects. Reciprocally, the corresponding syntax of English, Italian, and the Northern Italian dialects are enlightened by their French opposite numbers.
Subject clitics, subject clitic inversion, and complex inversion
Authors: Pollock Jean-Yves , Poletto Cecilia 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The main empirical domains of this chapter are French S(ubject) CL(itic) I(nversion) questions such as Qui a-t-elle vu? (‘Who has she seen?’); Quand finira-t-il? (‘When will he stop?’) and C(omplex) I(nversion) questions such as Qui Marie a-t-elle vu? (‘Who did Marie see?’); Comment tout finira-t-il? (‘How will everything end?’). Its main claim is that the displacements to the CP domain they exhibit share one important property with the computations that yield Stylistic Inversion configurations as described in Kayne and Pollock (2001): they are yet another instance of remnant IP movement to the high left periphery (HLP). Building on Kayne’s (1972) seminal study, the chapter also provides an analysis of (subject) clitics, so-called epenthetic ‘-t-’ showing up in such questions, the raison d’être of their ungrammaticality in embedded contexts, and many other properties, some of which are later taken up in Kayne and Pollock (2012, 2013). It shows in what way the remnant movement analysis of SCLI and CI compares favourably to previous head movement analyses, whether taken to involve overt or covert computations to the HLP of the clause. It also suggests that v° movement does coexist with remnant movement in French imperatives: both head movement and phrasal remnant movement should be options of UG. An account of the morphology–syntax interface in SCLI and CI is also tentatively presented, in an effort to shed further light on these constructions in French and Valdôtain, the only other language in the Romance domain that may have constructions of the CI type.
Conformance beyond Compliance
Authors: Gottschalk Petter 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter argues that lack of conformance might harm a corporation more than lack of compliance. Violations of the legal license to operate tend to be reviewed by legal professionals in a predictable process. The situation is very different when violations of the social license to operate occur. There is no well-known procedure. There is no platform for a suspected corporation to defend its own actions. On the contrary, nobody really controls or understands what happens in this situation. Various parties offer perceptions and opinions about the case that might develop in random directions. Sometimes incidents are quickly forgotten, while on other occasions accused individuals have to leave their positions and accused companies go out of business. People react when corporations pollute rivers, do business with authoritarian regimes that violate human rights, bribe government officials, help launder money, and commit other forms of wrongdoing that might never end up in the criminal justice system.
Corporate-Threat Deviance Cases
Authors: Gottschalk Petter 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter presents four case studies of deviance to avoid and compensate for business threats. The first example is the Bestseller clothing chain in Denmark, which had clothes made in Myanmar, where the military junta was sanctioned by the European Union. In the perspective of convenience theory, all four cases are explained by the motive dimension of threats of bankruptcy or other negative consequences. Threats represent pain and obstacles that everyone would like to avoid. Threats are universal triggers for fear of danger, pain, or harm. Fear is an unpleasant emotion caused by the threat of danger, pain, or harm. The threat of bankruptcy can imply pain and suffering. People and their organizations experiencing anxiety, nervousness, and worry are likely to behave selfishly and to engage in self-interested unethical acts in an effort to restore the threatened self. Individuals and their organizations experiencing threats tend to focus inward and to acquire resources as a means of compensating for threats.
Police Signaling Conformance
Authors: Gottschalk Petter 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter discusses conformance within a national police unit. Serious fraud offices such as the Norwegian National Authority for Investigation and Prosecution of Economic and Environmental Crime (Økokrim) are facing many challenges when combatting white-collar and corporate crime. Press releases represent an element of facing such challenges, as the messages are an important vehicle for the organization to disclose organizational activities to the public. This chapter reviews sixty-nine press releases published by the Norwegian Økokrim from June 2022 to November 2023. The presented research applies the theory of focal concerns to identify main themes in the press releases. Three themes emerged: offender conviction, impression management, and crime deterrence. Offender prosecution followed by offender conviction is at the core of Økokrim’s business. Impression management serves the purpose of emphasizing the important role of the national authority in society. The subjective perception of detection and prosecution by potential offenders can be influenced by crime-deterrence messages.
Conclusion
Authors: Gottschalk Petter 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Corporate conformance in practice is needed to maintain a social license to operate, as discussed in this book. When conformance is violated, there is a need for measures to restore conformance and regain the social license to operate. Required measures have to align with expectations, values, and norms of stakeholders. Successful measures tend to be the result of communication with stakeholders based on creative ideas regarding opportunities for change.
Unjust Authority
Authors: Jubb Robert 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This book addresses a systematic weakness in contemporary political theory and philosophy. Most contemporary political theorists and philosophers are unable to explain, vindicate, or justify the authority of the liberal democratic institutions most of them live under. Instead, they endorse moralist accounts of the right to rule which require governments to meet impossibly high standards to avoid condemnation as illegitimate usurpers. This is true not just of the dominant Rawlsian mainstream, but of many of its radical critics, whose membership of more critical traditions leaves them sceptical of the value of existing institutions, even where they provide stable, decent rule. The book instead provides a realist account of the authority of liberal democratic rule focused on impersonal rule and regulated democratic competition. It uses groundbreaking work in political economy to explain how, at least under reasonably favourable conditions, these two mechanisms can be expected to combine to generate a growing surplus whose fruits will be made widely available. The prosperity and protection provided by liberal democratic rule to most of those it governs forms the basis of its authority, even though the hierarchies and exclusions that remain leave liberal democratic societies a long way from justice. Understanding liberal democratic authority in this way allows us to reassess challenges to it. Protest and resistance must accept impersonal rule and regulated democratic competition. While anger, and even violence, may then be acceptable and even appropriate, even peaceful attempts to remove the winners of democratic elections must be condemned.
Liberal Democratic Authority
Authors: Jubb Robert 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter offers an account of liberal democracy. It draws on work by North, Wallis, and Weingast to argue that liberal democratic authority rests in its two distinctive mechanisms, regulated democratic competition and impersonal rule. The goods of liberal democratic rule depend on these two mechanisms, and so it is them that its authority should protect. This suggests that liberal democratic governments are more threatened by civil resistance of the sort theorized by Chenoweth and Stephan than by momentary eruptions of rage like riots. Alternative accounts of the value and significance of liberal democracy draw their scope too widely or too narrowly. Kirshner’s and Waldron’s overly broad accounts struggle to distinguish distinctively liberal democratic practices and institutions or to link them to the management of particular conflicts. Shapiro’s too narrow account instead ignores the variety of liberal democratic ways of achieving decent, stable, and inclusive government.
Memory and University Reform in the English Revolution
Authors: Beeton Alex 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter examines understandings of university reform during the English Revolution by looking at the biographical literature which was produced after the Restoration. The depiction of the 1640s and 1650s in these biographical texts has highly influenced perceptions of university reform, leading historians to marginalise the role of the parliamentary state in university reform, to ignore its aims, to overlook how parliamentary structures shaped reform, and to see the Interregnum universities as fiercely divided along 1640s political lines. The chapter begins by arguing that the royalist literature of the 1640s influenced the Restoration biographies by establishing certain tropes about parliamentarian attitudes to Oxford and Cambridge. It then considers how the biographies obscure the importance of parliamentary structures in shaping reform. The chapter also discusses allegedly divisive consequences on life inside the universities as described in the biographies. Ultimately, it contributes to memory studies of the English Revolution by highlighting the need to consider the unintentional consequences of remembering.
Revisioning John Sherman’s A Greek in the Temple
Authors: Head S. F. M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter studies the Trinity College, Cambridge Fellow John Sherman’s lectures on Acts 17:28b — published as A Greek in the Temple (1641). Certain historians have claimed that Sherman displayed unusual positivity towards pagan religion and that his thought anticipated the so-called ‘Cambridge Platonist’ movement with its anti-Calvinist theology. The chapter refutes such interpretations and instead situates A Greek in the Temple within pre-English Civil War didactic and confessional contexts. It asserts Sherman’s orthodoxy and shows how his comments regarding pagan religion cohere with well-worn apologetic arguments. The chapter also reveals both how denominational concerns shaped even quotidian elements of college teaching and how the common-place genre provided a flexible format for blending doctrinal catechising with moral sermonising and anti-Catholic polemicising. Sherman, meanwhile, emerges as belonging within a Calvinist Cambridge milieu. His implicitly anti-Laudian sentiments notwithstanding, Sherman remained loyal to ante bellum ecclesiological arrangements. This stance cost him his position at Trinity College in 1644, yet he later defended his views in print and was praised for doing so after the Restoration.
Studies at Trinity College, Cambridge, c.1600–c.1750
Authors: Serjeantson Richard 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter explores the shape of studies within the University of Cambridge, focusing on Trinity College. The studies pursued in Cambridge, and at Trinity, before the mid-eighteenth century existed within several frameworks. The first and broadest framework was the institutional one furnished by the four faculties of the medieval and renaissance university: Arts, Medicine, Law, and Theology. Other, less formal, frameworks also operated. Most notably, there was no requirement upon students to take a degree at all. Many students in this period entered the College for a couple of years or so, and then left, often moving on to spend some more time studying law, and otherwise enjoying life in the capital, at the Inns of Court. A different framework again for a student’s studies was provided by the various different scholastic ‘exercises’ that they were required to undertake in the course of their studies. These include disputations and declamations. The chapter then looks at philosophical studies, humanistic studies, mathematics, chymistry and astronomy, tutorial teaching, college lectureships, university professorships, scholarships and fellowships, and the study of divinity.
George Costard (1710–1782) on the Book of Job
Authors: Bailey Natasha 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter focuses on Wadham College fellow and tutor George Costard’s critical essay titled Some Observations Tending to Illustrate the Book of Job, which was published in 1747. In that essay, Costard argues that the Book of Job should not be read as the handiwork of Moses or an ancient, inspired Jew but rather an anonymous author writing during the Babylonian captivity. While his thesis was inspired by William Warburton’s Divine Legation of Moses (1738–42), his methods can be traced back to influences from his student days, and particularly that of the Laudian Professor of Arabic Thomas Hunt, who argued for the importance of Arabic and other oriental sources to biblical criticism. Turning to Costard’s engagement with the slightly later lectures on sacred poetry by another acclaimed Oxford figure, Robert Lowth, the chapter suggests that Costard came to regard Job not as a parable, an epic, or a socio-political allegory but rather as a five-act, proto-classical tragedy. To show why, it explores the relationship between historicist and poetic approaches to the sacred past, concluding that, for Costard, the only way to read Job literally was to read it literarily.
A History of the Concept of the University of Sussex
Authors: Berry David M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter traces the early history of the founding of the University of Sussex, arguing that a perceived post-war moral crisis helped to accelerate the eventual approval of Sussex, and justified its experimental teaching methods and campus-based location. This moral crisis is connected, in part, to the shock caused by the collapse of the once-respected German universities into the arms of the Nazi regime, and the belief that a liberal and democratic university might prevent future social catastrophes. Red Brick universities were criticised for relying on a more anonymous and lecture-based modes of study, and with a rising intensity of industrialism and its pressures towards a perceived one-dimensional individual, the moral responsibility of the university to educate the whole person was seen as being ignored. For its founders, Sussex would therefore be a remarkable opportunity to put into effect a paradoxically much older educational philosophy — a general education on a liberal arts model combined with modern specialisation. The chapter argues that these factors, together with demographic change, are crucial for contextualising the decision by the University Grants Committee for approving the creation of the University College of Sussex in the 1960s.
William J. Ashworth, The Trinity Circle: Anxiety, Intelligence, and Knowledge Creation in Nineteenth-Century England (Pittsburg: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2021), pp. 256
Authors: Rothblatt Sheldon 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter offers a review of The Trinity Circle, Anxiety, Intelligence, and Knowledge Creation in Nineteenth-Century England (2021), in which William J. Ashworth revisits the culture wars of the first third or more of nineteenth-century England. Although the origins of several of the issues can be traced much further back into the final years of the previous century, the culture wars took on greater and broader intensity following the defeat of Napoleon. The macro context was explaining how a society governed by a hereditary landed aristocracy allied to an Established Church would reform itself politically and religiously if at all. The chapter then looks at the authoritarian reign of William Whewell as Master of Trinity. Ultimately, the culture wars of the Trinity Circle consisted of two main aspects. The first falls within a sociology of knowledge, while the second was German biblical criticism.