bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social Indicators and Productivity Convergence in Developing Countries
Authors: Ingram Gregory K 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Much of the analysis of productivity convergence has addressed some aspect of it in industrialized countries. The approach here is broader in two respects. First, although some information is presented on productivity measures, much of the data analyzed here deals with other measures of performance that will be referred to collectively as social indicators. These indicators are not narrowly economic but include indices of outcomes, such as life expectancy; indices of the availability ofinputs, such as doctors per capita; indices that could be labeled as inputs or outcomes, such as per-capita caloric intake of food; and measures of government expenditure patterns. Second, the sample of countries examined is large and includes 21 high-income countries and up to 88 developing countries, depending on the availability ofdata for the particular variables and time periods. The years covered for each variable fall within the period 1960 to 1985, with a few variables covering virtually the whole interval and some others available for only a few years within this period.
Interplanetary Magnetohydrodynamics
Authors: Burlaga L F 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Spacecraft have explored the interplanetary medium between the orbits of Mercury and Pluto, revealing the exotic and beautiful nature of the environment of our planet and sun. This book summarizes the principle results of these historic expeditions. Magnetohydrodynamics provides the framework for interpreting the observations, and the observations have greatly enriched the subject of magnetohydrodynamics. Numerous figures in the book illustrate the essential observations and fundamental concepts. Simple equations summarize basic physical and phenomenological relations observed in the interplanetary medium. Fundamental objects observed in the interplanetary medium include various types of MHD shocks, tangenital and rotational discontinuities, and force-free field configurations. Fundamental processes observed in the interplanetary medium include the interaction among shocks (which can be classified using catastrophic theory), the formation of merged interaction region regions associated with various types of flows, the destruction of flows, the growth of the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability and formation of a heliospheric vortex street, the development of multifractal fluctuations on various scales, and the evolution of multifractal intermittent turbulence. These physical objects and processes are of fundamental interest in themselves. The knowledge about them derived from interplanetary investigations has applications to magnetospheric physics, solar physics, cosmic ray physics and astrophysics. The book contains an extensive set of reference that gives the readers access to the detailed results in the literature.
The Welfare of Children
Authors: Lindsey Duncan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Today, the wealthiest country in the world, the United States, has more children living in poverty than any other industrialized nation. Furthermore, the United States, which pioneered strategies to prevent child abuse and which now spends more money fighting child abuse than all other industrialized countries, has the highest rate of child abuse. What should we do to change these discouraging facts? Should we blame the parents? Should we blame those working in the child welfare field? Do we have a collective responsibility to safeguard the futures of these children? If so, what form should this collective responsibility take? In this unique contribution to the study of the child welfare system in North America, Duncan Lindsey provides a critical but heartfelt look into the current situation for children. He closely examines the current ‘residual’ system of child welfare in which the system functions as a last resort to handle only the worst and most dramatic cases. Given the current avalanche of child abuse and neglect reports, the public child welfare system has been transformed into a child protection system limited to investigating child abuse reports and occasionally removing children from their families and placing them in foster care. While the system has seen periods of progress, it is no longer able to cope with the overwhelming destitution of poor and impoverished children. Today, the child welfare system confronts the challenge to act collectively to develop opportunities for the millions of children whose welfare and future are being currently neglected. The system must be restored to its original mandate of broadly ensuring children’s economic security and opportunities. Lindsey examines the examines the successes and failures of the current child welfare system, and proposes new approaches to achieve comprehensive reform of the public child welfare system to allow for greater achievements for children. If taken seriously, Lindsey’s suggestions for the future could virtually end poverty among children, breaking the cycle of abuse and neglect.
Alexander U. Boskovitch and the Quest for an Israeli National Musical Style
Authors: Hirshberg Jehoash 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The period from 1931 to 1938 was marked by a major upheaval in the musical scene of the Jewish community of Palestine (the Yishuv). Scores of well-trained and fully professional musicians as well as a sophisticated and discriminating audience arrived from Central Europe to Palestine during this time, with the local musical establishment becoming dramatically more vibrant and diversified as a result. Within less than a decade, the Palestine Orchestra (nowadays the Israel Philharmonic Orchestra), 1 the Palestine Broadcast Service and professional chamber ensembles were all founded. There also came into being a community of some thirty migrant composers whose promising careers in Europe had been ended with the ascent to power of antisemitic regimes.2 Upon arrival in Palestine they not only had to go through the agony of resettlement common to all immigrants but were immediately faced with the challenge of leading the way toward the formation of a national musical style. Yet the components and traits of such a style were shrouded in controversy and ideological polemics.
Prisoner Of History
Authors: Henry Madeleine M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
According to legend, Aspasia of Miletus was a courtesan, the teacher of Socrates, and the political adviser of her lover Pericles. Next to Sappho and Cleopatra, she is the best known woman of the ancient Mediterranean. Yet continued uncritical reception of her depiction in Attic comedy and naive acceptance of Plutarch’s account of her in his Life of Pericles prevent us from understanding who she was and what her contributions to Greek thought may have been. Madeleine Henry combines traditional philological and historical methods of analysis with feminist critical perspectives, in order to trace the construction of Aspasia’s biographical tradition from ancient times to the present. Through her analysis of both literary and political evidence, Henry determines the ways in which Aspasia has become an icon of the sexually attractive and politically influential female, how this construction has prevented her from taking her rightful place as a contributor to the philosophical enterprise, and how continued belief in this icon has helped sexualize all women’s intellectual achievements. This is the first work to study Aspasia’s biographical tradition from ancient Greece to the present day.
Slaying the Suitor
Authors: MacDonald Dennis Ronald 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Ancient readers knew Book 22 of The Odyssey as the mnesterophonia, ‘the slaying of the suitors’, in which Odysseus finally revealed his identity to his rivals and slew them with the help of Telemachus and his faithful servants. Chapters 51–64 of the Andrean Passion roughly correspond to the mnesterophonia insofar as Maximilla, Stratocles, and Aegeates continue to play out their roles as transvalued Penelope, Telemachus, and Odysseus. But unlike in The Odyssey, here the protagonist is the victim, not the victor. Like most other apostles in the apocryphal Acts and their Lord, Andrew suffers martyrdom; indeed at points one detects the influence of The Acts of Peter, which narrates the crucifixion of Andrew’s brother.1 But the most obvious hypotext behind Passion 51–64 is Plato’s Phaedo, the death of Socrates, evidence of which appeared in the previous chapter in connection with the prison visits of lphidama, Maximilla, and Stratocles.
The Origin Of Everyday Moods
Authors: Thayer Robert E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Caffeine. Candy. Sex. Shopping. Smoking. Whether we realize it or not, all of us have strategies for self-medicating ourselves when we feel threatened or overwhelmed by tension or tiredness. But why does one person respond to pressure by going for a five-mile run, while another indulges in a five-hour drinking marathon? Why do some of us crave companionship, while others just want to be alone? And what really helps most to reduce tension and increase energy, a brisk ten-minute walk, twenty minutes of meditation, or two hours of watching TV? In this fascinating new book, nationally known psychologist Robert E. Thayer serves as an expert guide through the latest research into moods and mood management, offering proven techniques for putting today’s most important breakthroughs to work in our day-to-day lives. Thayer, whose own work on the biopsychology of moods has been widely discussed in the leading scientific journals - as well as in the pages of Reader’s Digest, Prevention, USA Today, McCall’s, Good Housekeeping, Men’s Health, Redbook, and hundreds of other magazines and newspapers - evaluates the hard scientific evidence as he reveals which behaviors energize and empower us, and which sabotage our best interests. (Just five or ten minutes of walking, for example, can enhance mood for an hour or more, while sugar snacking, Thayer shows, causes more tension than it reduces.) Thayer argues that when we learn to see moods as vital barometers of our whole psychology and physiology, rather than mysterious, purely emotional reactions to events around us, we not only understand ourselves better, we have the opportunity to substantially improve our personal effectiveness, both mentally and physically. Thayer offers compelling evidence that our moods - particularly feelings of energy and tension - are closely tied to the rhythms of our evolutionary past. They are directly affected by our health, the food we eat, the amount of sleep we get, exercise (or lack of it), and the time of day. We learn why problems seem more serious late at night, and why a simple disagreement with a co-worker or spouse is more apt to turn into an emotional flare-up at certain times of day. We investigate key differences in the most common ways men and women deal with bad moods, and probe the implications of these findings on our understanding of alcoholism and depression. Far from a shallow quick fix book, Everyday Moods: Energy and Tension is an in-depth exploration of the origins and influences of moods that affect us every day of our lives. It brings readers to a new understanding of the underlying biology of their daily cycles of energy and tension, and offers powerful recommendations for breaking self-destructive habits and leading a richer, more enjoyable life.
A Theory of Mood
Authors: Thayer Robert E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We can think of the body as having at least two general arousal systems involving many closely interrelated physiological and psychological processes. These range from simple metabolic processes and elemental biochemical reactions to more complex psychophysiological systems-the cardiovascular, respiratory, skeletal-muscular, and endocrine. The brain is certainly involved, with its neurotransmitter and neuromodulatory biochemistry, and on a conscious level are thoughts, what scientists call cognitive processes.
The Relationship Between Mood and Thoughts
Authors: Thayer Robert E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Viewing cognitive or thinking processes as all-powerful controllers of behavior has lately been popular and scientifically fashionable.1 Many people believe in the power of positive thinking, and in many respects this is an important element of applied cognitive psychology.2 Thoughts are likely to influence mood in a complex way. They affect energy levels only to a limited degree, although they probably have a substantial effect on tension.
Rational Mood Substitution: Exercise More and Indulge Less
Authors: Thayer Robert E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
People do a variety of things to regulate their mood, and a common method is to eat. This activity is quite evident at my university at around 4:00 P.M., the time that many people experience an afternoon slump in energy but when their demanding schedules are still stressful. The local snack area is filled with students eating muffins, cookies, ice cream, or any other foods they feel will give them a lift. I suspect that if we could observe these same people for the rest of the day, this snacking pattern would hold at other low-energy times as well. A few hours after dinner, when students begin to get tired but still have to study, we would see trips to the refrigerator or wherever else snacks are kept. Diets are very difficult to maintain on these occasions, as the motive to avoid tense-tiredness is powerful.
Moods at Different Times of Day
Authors: Thayer Robert E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
People, consciously or not, self-regulate their bad moods (tense tiredness) by means of various activities, from exercise and specific methods of reducing tension to smoking, eating, and drinking alcohol. Self-regulating everyday moods is at once both a simple and a complex process. In some cases, moods can be changed by un complicated activities such as taking a walk, chatting with a friend, or eating something if a meal is missed. A bit more complicated are the various stress management techniques such as meditation or deep muscle relaxation.
A Review of the Origin and Self-Regulation of Everyday Moods
Authors: Thayer Robert E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Understanding and controlling everyday moods can add substantially to the pleasure of living. Our moods determine whether or not we are satisfied with our lives, whether we are productive or unproductive, whether we live each day with enthusiasm or give up in despair. Our moods are more important than the personal issues and other events that confront us daily. For, in the final analysis, it is our reactions to life events, not the events themselves that count the most. And these reactions are filtered through our prevailing moods.
Philodemus on Censorship, Moral Utility, and Formalism in Poetry
Authors: Asmis Elizabeth 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Heraclitus thought that Homer and Archilochus should be “thrown out of the contests and flogged” (EK TWV aywvwv EK aAAec0at Kat paTT{{ec0at).1 More than four centuries later, the censor with his rod appears again in Philodemus’ On Poems. Philodemus objects that the demand for usefulness in a poem EKpaTT{{ei, “flogs out” or “expels with the rod,” the most beautiful poems.2 In the intervening centuries, Plato had proposed a sweeping program of censorship which would have eliminated most, if not all, of the best loved poems of the Greeks. Plato’s influence persisted throughout the Hellenistic period; but it also prompted a strong reaction. A number ofliterary theorists argued for an emancipation of poetry from morality. Among them were those who demanded complete freedom of thought for the poet.
Constructing a Simulation
Authors: Joy David C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this chapter, we will develop a Monte Carlo simulation of a random walk (sometimes called a “drunken walk,” after its most popular mode of experimental investigation). Although this particular problem is only loosely related to the studies of electron beam interactions that follow, the model that we will develop provides a convenient way of establishing a framework for those subsequent simulations. It also illustrates the general principles of programming to be followed in this book and introduces some of the important practical details associated with constructing and running such models on a personal computer.
J
Authors: Ellis Peter Berresford 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Jowan Chy an Hor. John of Chyanhor. The only folktale surviving in the Cornish language; originally set down by Nicholas Boson of Newlyn in the seventeenth century. For some time it was thought to have been a composition by his son John Boson. Considered to be a medieval tale, Jowan Chy an Hor is similar to a tale recorded from oral transmission in Popular Tales of the West Highlands by John F. Campbell (1860-1862) and reprinted as Na Tri Chomhairlean (The Three Counsels) in More Tales of the West Highlands in 1940. There is also a Breton version of the tale published by Roparz Hermon in Gwalarn no 20. The Celtic scholar Professor Ludwig Muelhausen published a study of the tale in Die Kornishe Geshichte von der dreiguten ratschwiigen.
The Craving for Authority: Authentication and Redemption
Authors: Snodgrass Chris 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
BEARDSLEY clearly demonstrated, in the words of one contemporary, “an almost spiteful delight in snatching the mask from the face of conventionality and coming down with an unqualified bang on the most tender of Mrs. Grundy’s toes” (Strong 89-90). But at the same time, paradoxically, he manifested an equally strong need to affirm (and be affirmed by) some higher authority, whether it was canonical father figures, a Religion of Art, or the tradition-steeped Catholic Church. His friend and one-time studio mate Will Rothenste in testified that although Beardsley ridiculed conventionality and “spokeenormities,” his “startling” cynicism was an affectation (Memories 1: 134). However much he paraded his ostentatious iconoclasm, other aspects of his personal temperament and aesthetic tastes including a reverence for the elitist eighteenth century and a preference for a reticent (even quasi-puritanical) style of dandyism-placed him on the more conservative side of fin-de siecle artistic revolutions. In fact, certain French sympathies notwithstanding, Beardsley’s highly ironical art was, according to Holbrook Jackson, more “art for the sake of life” than the detached “art for art’s sake” he ostensibly espoused (33).1
The Beardsleyan Dandy: Icon of Grotesque Beauty
Authors: Snodgrass Chris 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
DANDYISM-the implicit doctrine of Oscar Wilde, James Abbott McNeill Whistler, and much of the Decadence-was the style of life Beardsley most admired, and of all his figures, the dandy most incarnates his paradoxical iconoclastic authoritarianism. Beardsley routinely employed the “madness” of the grotesque as a kind of tongue-in cheek visual repudiation of the smugly “sane” bourgeois world; and certainly his bizarre dandy figures, often depicted as grotesque themselves, reflect that rebuke. But they represent much more, embodying a wide spectrum of the vexing ironies of Beardsley’s art. Indeed, his dandies stand as a plethora of contradictions, combining and orchestrating both the grotesque disorientations of the cultural antihero and the recuperating elegance and control of Art. The dandy becomes for Beardsley not only an emblem for his own split sensibility but an icon for his evolving “dandiacal” artistic styles-styles that, like the dandy, effected a caricature of cultural meaning.
The Rhetoric of Parody: Signing and Resigning the Canon
Authors: Snodgrass Chris 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
HAVINO embraced various strains of Classical, Gothic, and Japanese “revivals” enthusiastically, late Victorian art was unusually conscious of the cultural and canonical foundations on which it rested. Casts of marble were an almost obligatory part of many artists’ studios; indeed, Lawrence Alma-Tadema, who had admired the Elgin Marbles since his first visit to London in 1862, had a complete, small replica of the Parthenon frieze running around one room of his Townshend House (Spalding 38). The fin de siecle was in many respects, however, less a “renaissance” of past values, as it often considered itself, than a paradoxical “late, hot-house flowering of the tradition” (39), the welding of poetic imagination to an already well-conditioned taste-that is, an art of parody. Almost by definition, parody thrives in a technologically sophisticated world where “culture” has replaced “nature” as the subject of art. It is the paramount art form of “decadence,” of life imitating art, self consciously and self-critically pointing “both to itself and to that which itdesignates or parodies” (Hutcheon 69). It was an art form tailor-made for Aubrey Beardsley.
Justice And Forgiveness: The Long Road To Equal Citizenship For African Americans
Authors: Shriver Donald W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
On a street comer in Los Angeles at the height of the riots that rocked the city for three days in April 1992, a line of peaceful sidewalk protesters passed a young white man kneeling in the street. His hands were wrapped around a basketball, his face was creased with pain. Another young man, black, left the line of protesters, put his hands, too, on the basketball, and sought for a moment “to console him.” It was a gesture of empathy remarkable in the midst of any human conflict. A long time would have to pass before Los Angeles and the United States were “consoled” for the deaths, the billion-dollar property destruction, and the wounded wounding rage which this event deposited on the pages of recent American history. Among other things, Los Angeles demonstrated that in modem urban America a majority of rioters are not necessarily black, nor do all of them come from the poorest of the poor. As for protests against injustice, Hispanic and Asian Americans can mount them, too. As for reason to despise one’s neighbors, middle-class white Americans can find that, too, whether they indulge in looting or in contempt for looters. We are a nation heading toward new levels of pluralism in our politics, our economy, and our culture. We are the world’s largest immigrant nation. Traditionally we assume that immigrants start at the bottom of the social status hierarchy.
The CMS and Republican Religion
Authors: Rohrer James R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Congregational missionary movement was not designed to prop up an embattled orthodoxy. As we have seen, orthodox missionary leaders were driven by a desire to keep covenant with New England migrants in “the wilderness,” as well as by millennial expectancy. The creation of the CMS constituted a positive, forward-looking response to social change, not primarily a negative reaction against sectarian competition or the threat of disestablishment.
Congregational Declension Reconsidered
Authors: Rohrer James R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Explanations for Congregational declension after the American Revolution generally focus either upon the inability of orthodox missionaries to adjust to republican culture, or upon the culture’s rejection of orthodoxy. Both approaches to the problem are flawed. This study suggests that Congregational leaders adjusted to the democratization of American society in various ways, and embraced innovative means to evangelize their fellow citizens. Moreover, this study indicates that there was an openness to the message which Congregational evangelists proclaimed; when offered a choice between orthodoxy and populist insurgency, many frontier Americans found orthodoxy the more attractive alternative.