bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Studies on the soft intermediate state X-ray flare of MAXI J1535−571 during its 2017 outburst
Authors: Ma Ruican , Tao Lian , Méndez Mariano , Zhang Shuang-Nan , Xu Yanjun , Zhang Liang , Liu Hexin , Qu Jinlu , Song Liming , Ren Xiaoqin , Zhao Shujie , Huang Yue , Ma Xiang , Zhao Qingchang , Xu Yingchen , Li Panping , Yang Zixu , Yu Wei 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
We analysed an observation with the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array of the black hole X-ray binary MAXI J1535−571 in the soft intermediate state, in which we detected a 2.5-ks long flare. Our spectral fitting results suggest that MAXI J1535−571 possesses a high spin of $0.97_{-0.10}^{+0.02}$ and a low inclination of approximately 24°. We observed a gradual increase in the inner disc radius, as determined from fits to the continuum spectrum. This trend is inconsistent with an increased flux ratio of the thermal component, as well as the source evolving towards the soft state. This inconsistency may be attributed to a gradual decrease of the colour correction factor. Additionally, with a flare velocity of approximately 0.5 c and a higher hardness ratio during the flare period, the quasi-simultaneous detection of a type-B QPO in the Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer data, and quasi-simultaneous ejecta launch through radio observations collectively provide strong evidence supporting the possibility that the flare originated from a discrete jet ejection.
Facile synthesis of nanoparticles-stacked Co3O4 nanoflakes with catalase-like activity for accelerating wound healing
Authors: Huang Yanan , Liao Wanyi , Wang Wenxuan , Zhang Tingting , Zhang Yan , Lu Lei 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Delayed wound healing caused by excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) remains a considerable challenge. In recent years, metal oxide nanozymes have gained significant attention in biomedical research. However, a comprehensive investigation of Co3O4-based nanozymes for enhancing wound healing and tissue regeneration is lacking. This study focuses on developing a facile synthesis method to produce high-stability and cost-effective Co3O4 nanoflakes (NFs) with promising catalase (CAT)-like activity to regulate the oxidative microenvironment and accelerate wound healing. The closely arranged Co3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) within the NFs structure result in a significantly larger surface area, thereby amplifying the enzymatic activity compared to commercially available Co3O4 NPs. Under physiological conditions, it was observed that Co3O4 NFs efficiently break down hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) without generating harmful radicals (·OH). Moreover, they exhibit excellent compatibility with various cells involved in wound healing, promoting fibroblast growth and protecting cells from oxidative stress. In a rat model, Co3O4 NFs facilitate both the hemostatic and proliferative phases of wound healing, consequently accelerating the process. Overall, the promising results of Co3O4 NFs highlight their potential in promoting wound healing and tissue regeneration.
A comparative study of boost dose delivery techniques in breast cancer radiotherapy optimising efficacy and minimising toxicity
Authors: El Ouardy Khalid , Zerfaoui Mustapha , Oulhouq Yassine , Bahhous Karim , Rrhioua Abdeslem , Bakari Dikra 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The present study aims to compare three techniques for delivering a boost absorbed dose: conventional reduced tangential (3D), volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) and fields forward-planned technique boost (3DF). The study included 15 postoperative breast cancer patients who received a boost absorbed dose following breast-conserving surgery. The conformity index and homogeneity index were used to evaluate treatment outcomes, along with the average absorbed dose received by organs at risk (OAR). All the calculated dosimetric plans are carried out using Monaco Treatment Planning System (TPS). VMAT offers superior conformity, dose homogeneity and target coverage, it is associated with higher absorbed doses to OAR such as the heart and lung. In contrast, the 3D and 3DF techniques exhibit advantages in reducing absorbed doses to critical structures, potentially minimising the risk of cardiac and pulmonary complications. Each technique has its advantages and disadvantages. The choice of technique should be individualised, taking into account patient-specific factors and treatment goals and involves a multidisciplinary approach.
Morphine compromises androgen biosynthesis by immature Leydig cells from pubertal rat testes in vitro
Authors: Lv Yao , Dong Yaoyao , Su Ming , Lin Hang , Zhu Qiqi , Li Huitao 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Morphine is an analgesic in the opiate family, isolated from many plants. It can inhibit androgen biosynthesis by Leydig cells. Whether morphine directly inhibits androgen biosynthesis and underlying mechanism remains unclear. To investigate the influence of morphine on androgen secretion by rat immature Leydig cells (ILCs) and possible mechanism. Rat ILCs were treated with 0.5–50 μM morphine for 3 h in vitro. Morphine at ≥0.5 μM significantly reduced total androgen secretion. Morphine at 50 μM also compromised luteinizing hormone (LH, 10 mg/kg), 8Br-cAMP (1 mM), and 22R-hydroxycholesterol (20 μM) stimulated total androgen, androstanediol, and testosterone secretion, without affecting pregnenolone, progesterone, androstenedione mediated androgen secretion and testosterone and dihydrotestosterone mediated androstanediol secretion. Further analysis revealed that morphine at ≥0.5 μM downregulated Star expression and at ≥5 μM downregulated Cyp11a1 expression. Morphine also significantly reduced STAR (≥0.5 μM) and reduced CYP11A1 (≥5 μM) levels. 0.5 μM naloxone significantly antagonized morphine-mediated action. In conclusion, morphine might cause side effects by suppressing androgen biosynthesis via u opioid receptor.
Glycyrrhizin alleviates radiation-induced lung injury by regulating the NLRP3 inflammasome through endoplasmic reticulum stress
Authors: Chai Yuqing , Wang Ziming , Li Yun , Wang Yi , Wan Yu , Chen Xue , Xu Yang , Ge Lei , Li Hongxia 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
Radiation pneumonitis (RP) is the major adverse response of radiation therapy for thoracic malignant tumors, and there is a lack of effective interventions. The aim of this study was to investigate the radioprotective effect of Glycyrrhizin (GL) on RP and its potential mechanism.

Method
The body weight and lung weight of mice were monitored. HE staining was used to observe lung injury, and the expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress biomarkers and the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome were determined by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Flow cytometry was performed to check MLE-12 apoptosis. ER stress activator, Tunicamycin (Tuni), was used to verify the potential mechanism of GL. A systemic pharmacology explored the potential targets and pathways of GL.

Results
In this study, the lungs of irradiated mice showed significant pneumonic changes. In vivo and in vitro assay, NLRP3 inflammasome was significantly activated, the expression of ER stress biomarkers was elevated, flow cytometry confirms increased apoptosis in irradiated MLE-12 cells. GL inhibits the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and ER stress pathways. Furthermore, systemic pharmacology revealed that the radioprotective effect of GL may be related to the MAPK signaling pathway.

Conclusion
In the present study, the results indicated that GL may regulate NLRP3 inflammasome through ER stress, thus exerting irradiation-protective effects on RP, and the ER stress pathway may be a potential target for RP treatment.
Virulence Patterns of Oat Crown Rust in Australia – Season 2022
Authors: Henningsen Eva C. , Lewis David , Nguyen Duong T. , Sperschneider Jana , Kianian Shahryar F. , Stone Eric , Dodds Peter N. , Figueroa Melania 
Published: January 2024

Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae (Pca) is an important foliar pathogen of oat which causes crown rust disease. The virulence profile of 48 Pca isolates derived from different locations in Australia was characterized using a collection of oat lines often utilized in rust surveys in the United States and Australia. This analysis indicates that Pca populations in Eastern Australia are broadly virulent, which contrasts with the population in Western Australia (WA). Several oat lines/Pc genes are effective against all rust samples collected from WA, suggesting they may provide useful resistance in this region if deployed in combination. We identified 19 lines from the United States oat differential set that display disease resistance to Pca in WA, with some in agreement with previous rust survey reports. We adopted the 10-letter nomenclature system to define oat crown rust races in Australia and compare the frequency of those virulence traits to published data from the United States. Based on this nomenclature, 42 unique races were detected among the 48 isolates, reflecting the high diversity of virulence phenotypes for Pca in Australia. Nevertheless, the Pca population in the United States is substantially more broadly virulent than that of Australia. Close examination of resistance profiles for the oat differential set lines after infection with Pca supports hypotheses of allelism or redundancy among Pc genes or the presence of several resistance genes in some oat differential lines. These findings illustrate the need to deconvolute the oat differential set using molecular tools. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Whole-Body Vibration in Oncology Rehabilitation: Perceived Benefits, Barriers, and Clinician Willingness
Authors: Reader Ben , Bernstein Jennifer , Mersich Kaitlyn , Strenk Mariann L. , Benedict Jason , Greve Kelly 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Patients with active and prior cancer diagnoses suffer a sequela of physical effects that negatively impact quality of life. Improvements in commonly impacted physiological systems have been achieved with the use of whole-body vibration (WBV). Current usage, appropriate diagnoses, and clinician perceptions of WBV remain unknown despite an increasing body of literature. The purpose of this study was to examine current practices and understand perceived indications, benefits, and barriers for the use of WBV in patients with cancer, particularly of clinicians working with pediatric populations.

Methods:
A Web-based survey was distributed via e-mail and social media posts to clinicians across the United States serving patients with cancer diagnoses.

Results:
Of a total of 72 responses, less than 3% of clinicians are currently using WBV in clinical practice. Diagnoses perceived as most appropriate for the use of WBV included leukemia/lymphoma (63.6%), central nervous system cancers (49.4%), and neuroblastoma (46.8%). Bone cancers were reported as the most inappropriate diagnoses (49.4%). Perceived benefits of WBV include improvements in blood flow, muscular strength, and bone mineral density. Lack of training (82%) and access to equipment (75%) were the most commonly reported barriers to use.

Conclusion:
WBV is perceived to be useful, safe, and beneficial for targeting effects of antineoplastic treatment for patients with cancer diagnoses, though current use is limited because of barriers of cost, access, and clinician knowledge.
Regulation of fatty acid synthase on tumor and progress in the development of related therapies
Authors: Bai Rilan , Cui Jiuwei 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Fatty acid synthase (FASN) is an essential molecule in lipid metabolic pathways, which are crucial for cancer-related studies. Recent studies have focused on a comprehensive understanding of the novel and important regulatory effects of FASN on malignant biological behavior and immune-cell infiltration, which are closely related to tumor occurrence and development, immune escape, and immune response. FASN-targeting antitumor treatment strategies are being developed. Therefore, in this review, we focused on the effects of FASN on tumor and immune-cell infiltration and reviewed the progress of related anti-tumor therapy development.
Disulfiram: A novel repurposed drug for cancer therapy
Authors: Zeng Min , Wu Baibei , Wei Wenjie , Jiang Zihan , Li Peiqiang , Quan Yuanting , Hu Xiaobo 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Cancer is a major global health issue. Effective therapeutic strategies can prolong patients' survival and reduce the costs of treatment. Drug repurposing, which identifies new therapeutic uses for approved drugs, is a promising approach with the advantages of reducing research costs, shortening development time, and increasing efficiency and safety. Disulfiram (DSF), a Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drug used to treat chronic alcoholism, has a great potential as an anticancer drug by targeting diverse human malignancies. Several studies show the antitumor effects of DSF, particularly the combination of DSF and copper (DSF/Cu), on a wide range of cancers such as glioblastoma (GBM), breast cancer, liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, and melanoma. In this review, we summarize the antitumor mechanisms of DSF/Cu, including induction of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and various cell death signaling pathways, and inhibition of proteasome activity, as well as inhibition of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling. Furthermore, we highlight the ability of DSF/Cu to target cancer stem cells (CSCs), which provides a new approach to prevent tumor recurrence and metastasis. Strikingly, DSF/Cu inhibits several molecular targets associated with drug resistance, and therefore it is becoming a novel option to increase the sensitivity of chemo-resistant and radio-resistant patients. Studies of DSF/Cu may shed light on its improved application to clinical tumor treatment.
One-Year Results of a Phase I/II Randomized, Double-Masked, Placebo-Controlled Study of Processed Amniotic Fluid Drops After PRK
Authors: Kirschenbaum Malka Davina , Hu Katherine S. , Ip Colin S. , Lin Amy , Pierce Jan , Holubkov Richard , Jensen Hailey , Mifflin Mark D. 
Published: January 2024

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the 1-year outcomes of using processed amniotic fluid (pAF) postoperatively after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK).

Methods:
Sixty-one participants were randomized to receive either placebo or pAF drops. The drops were instilled 4 times daily for 1 week after PRK along with routine postoperative medications. The primary outcome measures included uncorrected visual acuity, topographic corneal irregularity measurement, and surface staining over 1 year.

Results:
A statistically significant difference in uncorrected distance visual acuity between the placebo and treatment groups was seen at 1 month post-PRK, with a visual advantage evident in the pAF group. A suggestive difference in corneal irregularity measurement was also seen between the placebo and treatment groups at 1 month postsurgery, with less irregularity noted in the pAF group. No differences in uncorrected distance visual acuity or corneal irregularity measurement were found at 3, 6, and 12 months. There was also no significant difference in corneal staining scores between the 2 groups at any of the measured time points.

Conclusions:
This 1-year study evaluating the safety and efficacy of pAF as an additional postoperative topical medication after PRK demonstrated that pAF offered a mild visual advantage at 1 month post-PRK. There were no late adverse events, and the intervention proved safe at 1 year.
Topical Losartan Inhibition of Myofibroblast Generation in Rabbit Corneas With Acute Incisions
Authors: Martinez Valeria Villabona , Dutra Barbara Araujo Lima , Sampaio Lycia Pedral , Shiju Thomas Michael , Santhiago Marcony R. , Wilson Steven E. 
Published: January 2024

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to study whether deep central corneal incisions close during topical losartan treatment and the effect of topical losartan on myofibroblast generation after incisions in rabbit corneas.

Methods:
Rabbits (12) had a 0.35-mm deep radial incision from the center of the cornea into the limbus in 1 eye that was approximated with a single 10-0 nylon suture 1 mm inside the limbus. The incision was treated with 50 μL of topical 0.8 mg/mL losartan or 50 μL of balanced salt solution vehicle 6 times per day for 1 month. Standardized slitlamp photographs of the central incisions were analyzed for opacity with ImageJ before euthanasia. Triplex IHC was performed on cryofixed corneas for myofibroblast marker alpha-smooth muscle actin, mesenchymal cell marker vimentin, and basement membrane marker laminin alpha-5. Stromal α-SMA–positive myofibroblasts surrounding the incisions were quantitated with ImageJ.

Results:
Topical losartan compared with vehicle did not affect closure of the radial incisions or the opacity that developed surrounding the incisions at 1 month after injury. Topical losartan compared with vehicle did significantly decrease the average density of stromal myofibroblasts surrounding the incisions.

Conclusions:
Topical losartan, a known inhibitor of transforming growth factor beta signaling, did not affect closure of deep corneal incisions. Losartan decreased myofibroblast generation surrounding nearly full-thickness radial corneal incisions compared with vehicle. The opacity at the incisions was not significantly affected by losartan—likely because corneal fibroblasts that develop in the stroma adjacent to the incisions were not changed by the losartan compared with the vehicle.
Colorectal Neoplasia in Asian Americans Undergoing First Time Asymptomatic Average-risk Screening Colonoscopies
Authors: Chen Brendan , Hsia Katie , Loscalzo Kirsten , Fai Caitlin , Gupta Samir , Jangi Sushrut 
Published: January 2024

Goals:
We identified the prevalence and subtype of colorectal neoplasia removed during index screening colonoscopies in a large Asian American population.

Background:
Asian Americans are the fastest growing demographic group in the United States yet there is a paucity of data on the characteristics of colorectal neoplasia found in this cohort.

Study:
Cross-sectional study of 2208 index colonoscopies performed on average-risk Asian and White patients at a large, tertiary academic center. Patients were identified via diagnostic or procedure codes between 2015 and 2020, with retrospective classification of polyp histopathology. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed to identify risk factors associated with colorectal neoplasia.

Results:
A total of 2208 patients were identified, of which 1085 were Asian. When adjusted for age and sex, Asians were as likely as Whites to have any type of colorectal neoplasia [44.2% vs. 43.5%, odds ratio (OR)=0.93, (CI: 0.78-1.11)]. On multivariate analysis, Asians were less likely to have sessile serrated polyps (5.5% vs. 9.9%, OR=0.53, 95% CI: 0.38-0.73) and more likely to have tubular adenomas in the left colon (22.6% vs. 18.0%, OR=1.33, 95% CI: 1.08-1.64) compared with Whites.

Conclusions:
Quality measures, such as sessile serrated polyp detection rates, may need to take into account demographic factors such as race. The prevalence of colorectal neoplasia among Asian Americans is substantial and warrants efforts to promote optimal uptake of colorectal cancer screening tests.
PCSK9-directed therapies: an update
Authors: Katzmann Julius L. , Laufs Ulrich 
Published: January 2024

Purpose of review
Two large cardiovascular outcomes trials of monoclonal antibodies against proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) demonstrated that therapeutic inhibition of extracellular PCSK9 markedly reduces LDL cholesterol concentration and cardiovascular risk. Several novel strategies to inhibit PCSK9 function are in development. Different mechanisms of action may determine specific properties with potential relevance for patient care.

Recent findings
For the monoclonal antibodies evolocumab und alirocumab as first-generation PCSK9 inhibitors, follow-up data of up to 8 years of exposure complement the information on efficacy and safety available from outcome trials. For the small-interfering RNA inclisiran as second-generation PCSK9 inhibitor, several phase III trials have been published and a cardiovascular outcome trial has completed recruitment and is ongoing. Third-generation PCSK9 inhibitors encompass, among others, orally available drugs such as MK-0616 and the fusion protein lerodalcibep. Additional strategies to inhibit PCSK9 include vaccination and gene editing.

Summary
Long-term inhibition of PCSK9 with monoclonal antibodies is safe and conveys sustained cardiovascular benefit. Novel strategies to inhibit PCSK9 function such as orally available drugs, RNA targeting, and one-time treatment with gene editing may further enhance the therapeutic armamentarium and enable novel preventive strategies.
A shocking intraoperatively diagnosis of ochronotic knee arthropathy: a case report
Authors: Shashaa Mohammad Nour , Alkarrash Mohamad Shadi , Alhasan Yusuf , Kabbany Saad Allah , Rezkallah Vairy , Alhamr Alaa , Al-Araje M. Maher 
Published: January 2024

Introduction:
Alkaptonuria is an autosomal extremely rare recessive metabolic disorder with incidence reported to occur as 1:100 000–1:250 000 live births worldwide. This rare metabolic disorder is characterized by the accumulation of homogentisic acid due to a deficiency in homogentisic acid 1,2 dioxygenase. Homogentisic acid subsequently oxidizes and accumulates in the connective tissue. The knee is the most significant peripheral joint to be affected by the disorder. The authors present the first case of ochronotic arthropathy in Syria.

Case presentation:
A 46-year-old male presented with bilateral pain in the knees. the pain was affecting his day-to-day activities, and not responding to conservative management. Anteroposterior standing radiographs demonstrated extensive degenerative disease. Intraoperatively, the diagnosis was done after noticing that the quadriceps tendon and the articular cartilage of the femur, tibia, and patella were blackened during cemented total knee replacement of the knee.

Conclusion:
Ochronotic arthropathy should be kept in mind in middle age patients with severe osteoarthritis to not be surprised by the rare alkaptonuria diagnosis if arthroplasty was indicated.