bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the psychometric properties of the Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory‐Short Version among young people in South Africa and the relationship of high scale scores to reported offending or similar deviant behaviour
Authors: Holtzhausen Leon , Campbell Emma 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundWhile there is empirical evidence to support associations between psychopathy scale ratings and offending or deviant behaviours, suggested as support for a unified theory of crime, evidence to date has been mainly from countries with high economic ratings and Western philosophies. In countries with a wide range of cultural groups and languages and a complex history of colonisation and apartheid, such scale ratings and correlations may differ.AimsTo explore the psychometric properties of the Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory‐Short Version (YPI‐S) and its applicability and relationship to deviant and actual or potential criminal behaviour among young adults in South Africa.Methods18‐ to 20‐year‐olds from poor socio‐economic backgrounds were recruited by a fieldworker with an existing relationship with community‐based youth centres. Consenting participants completed the Deviant Behaviour Variety Scale, reflecting criminal or similar behaviours in the 12 months prior to rating and the YPI‐S. Reliability measurements, principal factor analysis, Spearman's Rho correlations, chi square and multiple regression were used to explore performance of the YPI‐S in this sample and relationship of YPI‐S scores to deviancy.ResultsOf the 213 participants recruited, 176 completed all data points and were entered into analyses. The YPI‐S was found to have generally good psychometric properties; however, in factor analysis, while items mapped well into an emotional subscale and quite well into an interpersonal scale, as in the original, behavioural items did not. Emotional, interpersonal and total YPI‐S scores were significantly associated with reported deviant behaviour scores.ConclusionThe findings of this study suggest value in using the YPI‐S with young people in South Africa to help identify those vulnerable to committing criminal acts. Among these disadvantaged young people, however, caution should be used in interpreting scores on its behavioural dimension. It is interesting that the emotional dimension, which incorporates perhaps the most personal features such as ‘callous and unemotional traits’ (albeit probably better considered as difficulty in recognising emotions in others), seemed most robust, suggesting that there may be core problems in a pathway to crime—or theory of crime—that transcend culture. This possibility, likely to be remediable through personal interventions, would benefit from further investigation.
Nanomedicine Formulation Using Green Supercritical Processing: Experimental Solubility Measurement and Theoretical Investigation
Authors: Arabgol Fatemeh , Amani Mitra , Ardestani Nedasadat Saadati , Sajadian Seyed Ali 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTo develop effective pharmaceutical formulations using supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) techniques, it is necessary to obtain the solubility of the medicinal ingredients in scCO2. In the current study, the solubility of Amantadine in scCO2 was evaluated under 28 different operating conditions involving seven pressures and four temperatures. To theoretically study this process, some popular empirical models and two well‐known thermodynamic models (PR‐WS and PC‐SAFT) were examined. The results suggest that the PR‐WS and PC‐SAFT models are the most accurate in establishing a correlation of the solubility of Amantadine in scCO2.
Doubly Bridged Anthracenes: Blue Emitters for OLEDs
Authors: Ludwig Philipp , Mayer Jacob , Ahrens Lukas , Rominger Frank , Ligorio Giovanni , Hermerschmidt Felix , List‐Kratochvil Emil J. W. , Freudenberg Jan , Bunz Uwe H. F. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe photooxidative stability of a series of doubly bridged anthracenes was evaluated after their preparation via twofold macrocyclization of a bis(resorcinyl)anthracene. Lightfastness correlates with the energy levels of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO), resulting in superior stability of the tetraesters compared to the tetraethers. The lengths and steric demand of the linker only plays a minor role for the ester‐based compounds, which can be prepared in reasonable yields and thus tested in proof‐of‐concept organic light‐emitting diodes. Double ester‐bridging allows deep blue electro‐luminescence, highlighting the importance of the choice of the functional groups used for macrocyclization.
Ruthenium Complexes with N‐Bound 2‐Pyridonato Ligand as O‐Donors: A New Synthetic Approach and the Effect on Reactivity
Authors: Moždiak Ondřej , Tydlitát Jiří , Růžičková Zdeňka , Dostál Libor , Jambor Roman 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this study, Ru complexes [(η6‐p‐cymene)RuX(2‐{(2,6‐iPr2‐C6H3)N=CH}‐C5H3N‐6‐(O))] (3: X=Cl; 4: X=I) were prepared with N‐bound 2‐pyridonato ligand by thermal base‐free MeX elimination from ionic N,N‐chelated Ru complexes [(η6‐p‐cymene)RuX(κ2‐L1)](X) (1: X=Cl; 2: X=I; L1={2‐[(2,6‐iPr2‐C6H3)N=CH]‐6‐(OMe)C5H3N}). The Ru complex 3 was used as O‐donor for Lewis (LA) or Brönsted acids. The reactions of 3 with SnCl2, Ph3SnCl, ZnCl2 or HCl provided [(η6‐p‐cymene)Ru(SnCl3)(2‐{(2,6‐iPr2‐C6H3)N=CH}‐C5H3N‐6‐(O→SnCl2)] (6), [(η6‐p‐cymene)RuCl(2‐{(2,6‐iPr2‐C6H3)N=CH}‐C5H3N‐6‐(O→SnPh3Cl)] (7), and [(η6‐p‐cymene)RuCl(2‐{(2,6‐iPr2‐C6H3)N=CH}‐C5H3N‐6‐(O→)]2(μ‐ZnCl2) (8) and [(η6‐p‐cymene)RuCl(2‐{(2,6‐iPr2‐C6H3)N=CH}‐C5H3N‐6‐(OH)}](Cl) (9). The easy conversion of the 2‐pyridonato ligand in 3 to its 2‐hydroxypyridine in 9 evoked testing of 3 and 4 as potential catalysts in base‐free transfer‐hydrogenation of ketones.
The Olympicenyl Radical and Its Derivatives
Authors: Xiang Qin , Ye Lei , Ma Lan , Sun Zhe 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe olympicenyl radical (OR) has long been a fascinating spin doublet hydrocarbon radical that evoked theoretical and experimental research interests, but the chemistry of olympicenyl was limited by its inherent instability. Recently, this field was revived by the advent of stable, multi‐substituted ORs and the isolation of them in the crystalline phase. In this minireview, we summarize the early studies on the pristine OR, as well as the recent advances on the substituted OR derivatives, heteroatom‐containing OR derivatives, and OR‐based diradicals and polyradicals. The synthetic chemistry, stabilization strategies, self‐association behaviors, reactivities, and applications in the biological field of the abovementioned compounds were discussed.
Damage Control: Managing Canola’s Worst Enemy on the Canadian Prairies
Authors: Ernst Matt 
Published: November 2023

AbstractManaging flea beetle damage constantly challenges Canada’s canola growers. High populations have many producers speculating whether flea beetles have evolved resistance to common insecticidal seed treatments. Here’s a summary of the situation with insecticides and canola’s worst enemy on Canada’s prairies. Earn 0.5 CEUs in Integrated Pest Management by reading this article and taking the quiz at https://web.sciencesocieties.org/Learning‐Center/Courses.
Methods for evaluating effects of transgenes for quantitative traits
Authors: Linares Julien F. , Coles Nathan D. , Mo Hua , Habben Jeffrey E. , Humbert Sabrina , Messina Carlos , Tang Tom , Cooper Mark , Gho Carla , Carrasco Ricardo , Carter Javier , Flounders Jillian Wicher , Brummer E. Charles 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTransgenes that improve quantitative traits have traditionally been evaluated in one or a few genetic backgrounds across multiple environments. However, testing across multiple genetic backgrounds can be equally important to accurately quantify the value of a transgene for breeding objectives. Creating near‐isogenic lines across a wide germplasm space is costly and time consuming, which renders it impractical during early stages of testing. In this experiment, we evaluate three approaches to sample the genetic space while concurrently testing across environments. We created both transgenic and non‐transgenic doubled haploid maize (Zea mays L.) lines, F2:3 lines, and bulk F3 families to determine if all methods resulted in similar estimation of transgene value and to identify the number of yield trial plots from each method necessary to obtain a stable estimate of the transgene value. With one exception, the three methods consistently estimated a similar effect of the transgene. We suggest that bulked F3 lines topcrossed to a tester inbred is the most effective method to estimate the value of a transgene across both genetic space and environments.
Prussian Blue Analogues as Positive Electrodes for Mg Batteries: Insights into Mg2+ Intercalation
Authors: Trócoli Rafael , Houdeville Raphaëlle , Frontera Carlos , Vincent Smobin , Garcia Lastra Juan Maria , Palacín M. Rosa 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPotassium manganese hexacianoferrate has been prepared by co‐precipitation from manganese (II) chloride and potassium citrate, with chemical analysis yielding the formula K1.72Mn[Fe(CN)6]0.92□0.08 ⋅ 1.1H2O (KMnHCF). Its X‐ray diffraction pattern is consistent with a monoclinic structure (space group P 21/n, no. 14) with cell parameters a=10.1202(6)Å, b=7.2890(5)Å, c=7.0193(4)Å, and β=89.90(1)°. Its redox behavior has been studied in magnesium containing electrolytes. Both K+ ions deintercalated from the structure upon oxidation and contamination with Na+ ions coming from the separator were found to interfere in the electrochemical response. In the absence of alkaline ions, pre‐oxidized manganese hexacianoferrate showed reversible magnesium intercalation, and the process has been studied by operando synchrotron X‐ray diffraction. The location of Mg2+ ions in the crystal structure was not possible with the available experimental data. Still, density functional theory simulations indicated that the most favorable position for Mg2+ intercalation is at 32f sites (considering a pseudo cubic F m‐3m phase), which are located between 8c and Mn sites.
Mass cytometry analysis reveals altered immune profiles in patients with coronary artery disease
Authors: Kott Katharine A , Chan Adam S , Vernon Stephen T , Hansen Thomas , Kim Taiyun , de Dreu Macha , Gunasegaran Bavani , Murphy Andrew J , Patrick Ellis , Psaltis Peter J , Grieve Stuart M , Yang Jean Y , Fazekas de St Groth Barbara , McGuire Helen M , Figtree Gemma A 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe importance of inflammation in atherosclerosis is well accepted, but the role of the adaptive immune system is not yet fully understood. To further explore this, we assessed the circulating immune cell profile of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) to identify discriminatory features by mass cytometry.MethodsMass cytometry was performed on patient samples from the BioHEART‐CT study, gated to detect 82 distinct cell subsets. CT coronary angiograms were analysed to categorise patients as having CAD (CAD+) or having normal coronary arteries (CAD−).ResultsThe discovery cohort included 117 patients (mean age 61 ± 12 years, 49% female); 79 patients (68%) were CAD+. Mass cytometry identified changes in 15 T‐cell subsets, with higher numbers of proliferating, highly differentiated and cytotoxic cells and decreases in naïve T cells. Five T‐regulatory subsets were related to an age and gender‐independent increase in the odds of CAD incidence when expressing CCR2 (OR 1.12), CCR4 (OR 1.08), CD38 and CD45RO (OR 1.13), HLA‐DR (OR 1.06) and Ki67 (OR 1.22). Markers of proliferation and differentiation were also increased within B cells, while plasmacytoid dendritic cells were decreased. This combination of changes was assessed using SVM models in discovery and validation cohorts (area under the curve = 0.74 for both), confirming the robust nature of the immune signature detected.ConclusionWe identified differences within immune subpopulations of CAD+ patients which are indicative of a systemic immune response to coronary atherosclerosis. This immune signature needs further study via incorporation into risk scoring tools for the precision diagnosis of CAD.
Investigation of the behavior of plasma jet in the presence of water under different grounded conditions
Authors: Zhou Desheng , Liu Qiang , Zhang Haoran , Li Jiaheng , Zhou Liwei , Zhang Tiandong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPrevious researches have demonstrated that the ground electrode would influence the performance of the plasma jet. In this study, the characteristics of plasma jets underwater for different grounded conditions are investigated. The influence of airflow rate, and electrode length underwater are experimental studies. When the water is grounded, it would provide another charge channel for the discharge, much more ions would be transferred to the water. The length and discharge intensity would be enhanced. Besides, the length of electrode underwater would also influence the performance of the plasma jet. It is found that the shorter the electrode length, the larger the ratio of plasma jet length to electrode length. Furthermore, an electric diagram is promoted to explain the corresponding mechanism, by analyzing the resistance and capacitance under different working conditions, the theoretical explanation under different experimental working conditions is given, and further analysis demonstrated that the accumulation of charges in water during the discharge process would be the main reason to influence the propagation of plasma jet under water.
Detection of extracellular hemoglobin from Arenicola marina in doping control serum samples by means of liquid chromatography and high‐resolution tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Walpurgis Katja , Gäde Aileen , Thomas Andreas , Gochard Soizic , Delahaut Philippe , Thevis Mario 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe manipulation of blood and blood components in sports is prohibited at all times, and besides blood transfusions, also hemoglobin‐based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) can be employed to artificially improve the oxygen transport capacity of the blood. But while most drug candidates based on stabilized hemoglobin (Hb) were found to be characterized by serious side effects, the natural giant extracellular Hb from the marine invertebrate Arenicola marina (lugworm) could be another candidate for transfusion medicine and cheating athletes, as it was found to be well tolerated in preclinical animal studies. Within this research project, lugworm Hb was implemented into the existing doping control detection method for bovine HBOCs based on ultrafiltration, tryptic digestion, and liquid chromatography coupled with high‐resolution tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐HRMS/MS). For the mass spectrometric identification of lugworm Hb, two precursor–product ion pairs for a total of four tryptic peptides originating from subunits hbA2 (T6), hbB1 (T3 and T6), and the linker chain (T16) were employed. The modified approach was comprehensively characterized and found to allow for the specific and sensitive detection of lugworm Hb down to concentrations of 10 μg/mL from 50 μL of serum/plasma. Therefore, it can serve as confirmation procedure for lugworm Hb following visual or electrophoretic screening. Moreover, a proof‐of‐concept rat administration study was conducted, and the observed detection windows of at least 4 (dose: 200 mg/kg) and 8 h (dose: 600 mg/kg) suggest that the approach can be readily employed to efficiently test in‐competition doping control samples for the presence of the drug candidate.
Influence of social lifestyles on host–microbe symbioses in the bees
Authors: Mee Lauren , Barribeau Seth M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMicrobiomes are increasingly recognised as critical for the health of an organism. In eusocial insect societies, frequent social interactions allow for high‐fidelity transmission of microbes across generations, leading to closer host–microbe coevolution. The microbial communities of bees with other social lifestyles are less studied, and few comparisons have been made between taxa that vary in social structure. To address this gap, we leveraged a cloud‐computing resource and publicly available transcriptomic data to conduct a survey of microbial diversity in bee samples from a variety of social lifestyles and taxa. We consistently recover the core microbes of well‐studied corbiculate bees, supporting this method's ability to accurately characterise microbial communities. We find that the bacterial communities of bees are influenced by host location, phylogeny and social lifestyle, although no clear effect was found for fungal or viral microbial communities. Bee genera with more complex societies tend to harbour more diverse microbes, with Wolbachia detected more commonly in solitary tribes. We present a description of the microbiota of Euglossine bees and find that they do not share the “corbiculate core” microbiome. Notably, we find that bacteria with known anti‐pathogenic properties are present across social bee genera, suggesting that symbioses that enhance host immunity are important with higher sociality. Our approach provides an inexpensive means of exploring microbiomes of a given taxa and identifying avenues for further research. These findings contribute to our understanding of the relationships between bees and their associated microbial communities, highlighting the importance of considering microbiome dynamics in investigations of bee health.
Post‐pollination barriers contribute to coexistence of partially pollinator‐sharing Arisaema species (Araceae)
Authors: Zeng Luo , Shu Wei‐Jie , He Hua , Li Tao , Yang Xiao‐Chen , Li Li 
Published: November 2023

AbstractReproductive isolation plays an important role in maintaining the species integrity of sympatric close relatives. For sympatric Arisaema species, interspecific gene flow is expected to be effectively prevented by pre‐pollination barriers, particularly strong pollinator isolation mediated by fungus gnats. However, due to the lack of quantitative studies combining multiple pre‐ and post‐pollination barriers, it is not known whether pre‐pollination isolation is complete, and whether post‐pollination barriers also contribute to reproductive isolation among some Arisaema species. In this study, we quantified the individual strengths and absolute contributions of four pre‐ and post‐pollination barriers (phenological isolation, pollinator isolation, hybrid fruit formation, and hybrid seed formation) among three sympatric Arisaema species (A. bockii, A. lobatum, and A. erubescens). Although phenological isolation and pollinator isolation reduced the frequencies of interspecific pollen transfer among these species, the partial overlap of flowering times and pollinator assemblages resulted in incomplete pre‐pollination isolation. Post‐pollination barriers also contributed to reproductive isolation at the hybrid fruit and seed formation stages. We propose that, although pre‐pollination barriers are expected to contribute more to total isolation than post‐pollination barriers in Arisaema, pre‐pollination barriers may not completely prevent interspecific pollen transfer among some Arisaema species. Post‐pollination barriers, which are generally ignored, may also have contributed significantly to reproductive isolation in Arisaema.
Ontogeny of color development in two green–brown polymorphic grasshopper species
Authors: Varma Mahendra , Winter Gabe , Rowland Hannah M. , Schielzeth Holger 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMany insects, including several orthopterans, undergo dramatic changes in body coloration during ontogeny. This variation is particularly intriguing in gomphocerine grasshoppers, where the green and brown morphs appear to be genetically determined (Schielzeth & Dieker, 2020, BMC Evolutionary Biology, 20, 63; Winter et al., 2021, Heredity, 127, 66). A better understanding of how these color morphs develop during ontogeny can provide valuable insights into the evolution and ecology of such a widespread color polymorphism. Here, we focus on the color development of two green–brown polymorphic species, the club‐legged grasshopper Gomphocerus sibiricus and the steppe grasshopper Chorthippus dorsatus. By following the color development of individuals from hatching to adulthood, we found that color morph differences begin to develop during the second nymphal stage, are clearly defined by the third nymphal stage, and remain stable throughout the life of an individual. Interestingly, we also observed that shed skins of late nymphal stages are identifiable by color morphs based on their yellowish coloration, rather than the green that marks green body parts. Furthermore, by assessing how these colors are perceived by different visual systems, we found that certain potential predators can chromatically discriminate between morphs, while others may not. These results suggest that the putative genes controlling color morph are active during the early stages of ontogeny, and that green color is likely composed of two components, one present in the cuticle and one not. In addition, the effectiveness of camouflage appears to vary depending on the specific predator involved.
Perfluoroalkylated Sulfoximines as Analogues of Togni Reagents: The Crucial Role of Fluorine Atoms for the Stability of Hypervalent Iodine Scaffolds
Authors: Duhail Thibaut , Kalim Jorna , Marrot Jérôme , Pégot Bruce , Magnier Emmanuel , Anselmi Elsa 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHypervalent iodine compounds are described with perfluoroalkyl chains and S‐perfluoromethyl sulfoximines as ligands of the halogen. The influence of these groups on the stability of the cyclic structure is studied. The crucial role of the trifluoromethyl chain is clearly highlighted as an efficient ligand for the hypervalency. The structure and the reactivity of the new skeletons are discussed in detail.
An asynchronous simulation algorithm for post‐earthquake functional recovery of interdependent infrastructure systems
Authors: You Tian , Wang Wei , Chen Yiyi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe seismic resilience assessment of infrastructure systems not only requires evaluation of immediate damages after earthquakes, but also estimate of functional losses during the post‐earthquake recovery process. Infrastructure systems are interdependent during post‐earthquake recovery. To accurately consider this interdependence in resilience assessment, many studies have adopted post‐earthquake recovery simulation methods. In this study, an efficient asynchronous simulation algorithm is proposed, which does not require synchronous checking of the states of infrastructure elements at each time step, but rather asynchronously derives the functional recovery time of each element based on its dependency relationships. This study proves that the time complexity of the proposed asynchronous algorithm is proportional to the scale of the infrastructure system and is independent of the time step size. Furthermore, a case study of post‐earthquake recovery of a portfolio of buildings considering safety cordon areas is used to demonstrate that the asynchronous algorithm can significantly reduce the simulation time of large‐scale infrastructure systems compared to synchronous algorithms.
Assessing potential building damage caused by leakage to urban tunnels
Authors: Langford Jenny , Ritter Stefan , Lysdahl Asgeir Kydland , Ånes Eivind Wiik , Piciullo Luca 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBuilding damage is a major risk for urban tunnelling. In areas with soft soil conditions, water ingress to bedrock tunnels can cause significant pore pressure reduction, consolidation settlements and damage to nearby buildings and infrastructure. In Norway, guidelines to determine leakage limits are based on a national database, containing data on water ingress, pore pressure reduction and influence zone. To support future projects, the database has been implemented into an ArcGIS tool and merged with the Ground Impact and Building Vulnerability method to assess potential building damage at early project stages. In this paper, the adopted methodology is presented and its application is shown for a new subway tunnel in Oslo, Norway.