bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intravenous fluid therapy and hospital outcomes for vaso‐occlusive episodes in children, adolescents, and young adults with sickle cell disease
Authors: Haimed Abraham , Weiss Rebecca , Kwon Soyang , Bhat Rukhmi , Badawy Sherif M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundWhile intravenous fluid (IVF) therapy in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) admitted for a vaso‐occlusive episode (VOE) can help reduce red blood cell sickling, clinical practice varies across institutions. We examined the relationship between IVF therapy and hospital length of stay (HLOS), as well as adverse events, such as acute chest syndrome (ACS), pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) transfer, and 28‐day re‐admission.MethodsThis is a single‐center retrospective analysis of SCD VOE hospitalizations between January 2015 and April 2020. Patients with SCD, age 0–30, with consecutive hospitalizations for VOE were included. For the first 3 days of each admission, an “IVF ratio” was calculated by dividing actual IVF rate administered by weight‐based maintenance IVF (mIVF) rate.ResultsA total of 617 hospitalizations for 161 patients were included. Mean HLOS was 5.7 days, (SD 3.9), and mean IVF volume over the first 3 days of admission was 139.6 mL/kg/day (SD 57.8). Multivariate analysis showed that for each additional 0.5 times the mIVF rate, HLOS increased by 0.53 day (p < .001; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.609–0.989), but there was no significant association between IVF therapy and adverse events. History of chronic pain was associated with increased odds of re‐admission (OR 6.4; 95% CI: 3.93–10.52).ConclusionsDespite the theoretical potential for IVF therapy to slow down the sickling process, our findings suggest that increased IVF therapy was associated with prolonged HLOS, which places a burden on patients, families, and the health system.
Higher order neurocognition in pediatric brain tumor survivors: What can we learn from white matter microstructure?
Authors: Glazer Sandra , Kim Young Jin , Fecher Madison , Billetdeaux Katherine A. , Gilliland Erin B. , Wilde Elisabeth A. , Olshefski Randal , Yeates Keith Owen , Vannatta Kathryn , Hoskinson Kristen R. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundPediatric brain tumor survivors (PBTS) experience neurocognitive late effects, including problems with working memory, processing speed, and other higher order skills. These skill domains are subserved by various white matter (WM) pathways, but not much is known about these brain–behavior links in PBTS. This study examined the anterior corona radiata (ACR), inferior fronto‐occipital fasciculi (IFOF), and superior longitudinal fasciculi (SLF) by analyzing associations among diffusion metrics and neurocognition.ProcedureThirteen PBTS and 10 healthy controls (HC), aged 9–14 years, completed performance‐based measures of processing speed and executive function, and parents rated their child's day‐to‐day executive skills. Children underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with diffusion weighted imaging that yielded fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) values. Independent samples t‐tests assessed group differences on neurocognitive and imaging measures, and pooled within‐group correlations examined relationships among measures across groups.ResultsPBTS performed more poorly than HC on measures of processing speed, divided attention, and shifting (d = −1.08 to −1.44). WM microstructure differences were significant in MD values for the bilateral SLF and ACR, with PBTS showing higher diffusivity (d = 0.75 to 1.21). Better processing speed, divided attention, and shifting were associated with lower diffusivity in the IFOF, SLF, and ACR, but were not strongly correlated with FA.ConclusionsPBTS demonstrate poorer neurocognitive functioning that is linked to differences in WM microstructure, as evidenced by higher diffusivity in the ACR, SLF, and IFOF. These findings support the use of MD in understanding alterations in WM microstructure in PTBS and shed light on potential functions of these pathways.
Modeling the progressive damage of cryogenic microdroplet tests using a temperature‐friction cohesive zone model
Authors: Li Ruoyu , Xu Zhonghai , Zou Xiaocan , He Xiaodong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe fiber/resin interfacial mechanical properties in low‐temperature environments are crucial for composite materials, and a temperature‐friction cohesive zone model is proposed in this paper. This model combines the temperature effect, the interfacial friction effect, and the interfacial debonding. The mechanical characteristics of the fiber/matrix interface are described using this model. The proposed model has been implemented in ABAQUS using the VUMAT subroutine. To verify this model, microdroplet debonding experiments were conducted at temperatures 298, 193, and 77 K. The results of the simulation and the experiment matched well. The proposed model takes temperature differences as a parameter and can characterize the interfacial mechanical response at different temperatures. In addition, the temperature, friction, interface parameters, and microdroplet size effects on the mechanical properties of the fiber/matrix interface were investigated. The results show that interfacial friction and temperature differences have a significant impact on the interfacial mechanical properties. The microdroplet size also has an influence on interfacial shear strength.Highlights
A temperature‐friction cohesive zone model is proposed.
Cryogenic microdroplet debonding tests were conducted.
The finite element method results are stable and close to the regression line of tests.
The temperature difference changes the stress state of the interface.
The interfacial sliding friction force has a large dispersion.
Abrasion resistance of a carbon fiber reinforced composite based on a nanoclay epoxy nanocomposite matrix
Authors: Zaccone Marta , Kociolek Irene , Frache Alberto , Bellini Costanzo , Di Cocco Vittorio , Monti Marco 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this paper, the abrasion resistance of a carbon fiber composite based on epoxy nanocomposite matrix filled with layered‐silicate clay nanoparticles was evaluated. In the first step of the work, the clay‐epoxy nanocomposite was first studied to assess the dispersion and the performance, and then to select the best content for the fiber composite production. The nanocomposite mixture was prepared by finely dispersing clay nanoparticles into the epoxy monomer through mechanical stirring, then the hardener was added. After this step, the fiber reinforced composite was produced by vacuum infusion, and then the properties were evaluated. The abrasion resistance has been assessed using different approaches. A test was specifically designed to simulate the impact of abrasive powders which could potentially be found in the atmosphere and crash into aircraft or air vehicles (such as for instance volcanic ashes). The results showed that the presence of nanoclay reduces the weight loss of the sample with the impacted surface, which can be clearly correlated to a damage reduction.Highlights
Sandblasting tool made to mimic impact of abrasive powder on composite surface
Presence of nanoclay does not significantly affect the vacuum infusion process
Layered‐silicate nanoparticles lead to improve composites abrasion resistance
Novel approach to enhance the optical and electrical properties of polymer electrolytes using phenol red dye
Authors: Koliyoor Jayalakshmi , Ismayil  , Ammathnad Babashankar Divyashree , Kannenahalli Anandkumar Jagadish , Thimmaiah Sheela 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis article comprehensively analyzes how phenol red dye affects the optical, structural, and electrical properties of sodium bromide‐doped polymer electrolyte films based on sodium carboxymethyl cellulose. Conventional solution casting technique has been employed to prepare the electrolytes. The optical analysis reveals that incorporating the phenol red dye improves the optical properties. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy is used to study the kind of complexation between the polymer and dopants. Scanning electron microscope micrographs of the electrolytes indicate the acquisition of free volume on the surface of the polymer matrix. The electrical properties are studied using impedance analyzer, which shows that the ionic conductivity increases when the dye is incorporated. The electrolyte system incorporated with 0.25 wt% of the dye exhibits the highest conductivity among the other systems. Photoluminescence investigation demonstrates that doping increases the intensity of the photoluminescence emission as it minimizes the free volume size. Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) chromatograph studies indicate that the doped samples emit a yellow color with a color purity of 97%. All in all, the findings imply that adding dye to the polymer matrix increases the electrical and visual characteristics of the polymer electrolyte.Highlights
Phenol red dye improves the optical properties of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose‐based polymer electrolytes.
Scanning electron microscope micrographs reveal the creation of free volume on the surface of electrolyte films.
Analysis of electrical properties shows a slight increase in ionic conductivity with dye incorporation.
Photoluminescence intensity increases with dye due to reduced free volume size.
Doped samples emit 97% purity yellow enhancing electrical and optical properties.
Poly(vinylidene fluoride‐hexafluoropropylene)/mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride composite membranes for photocatalytic methylene blue degradation and sensing applications
Authors: Sharma Saloni , Kumar Rajesh , Yadav Ram Manohar 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this work, poly(vinylidene fluoride‐hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF‐HFP)/mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride (mpg‐C3N4) composite fiber web have been prepared and characterized for photocatalytic methylene blue (MB) degradation and sensing applications. The electrospinning technique, operating at a flow rate of 1 mL/h and a voltage of 15 kV, was utilized to prepare the composite membranes of PVDF‐HFP with the uniform distribution of the mpg‐C3N4. The composite web demonstrated outstanding photocatalytic activity for the degradation of MB, reaching a quick 68% drop in MB concentration in just 45 min. The composite web furthermore worked as a sensor for MB detection. After MB exposure, the film resistance was increased, suggesting its potential as a chemiresistive sensor. The maximum resistivity of PVDF‐HFP/mpg‐C3N4 composites was found to be 90 Ω·m at 2% concentration of MB. The MB molecules' adsorption on the surface of the composite web and the existence of photocatalytic byproducts on the surface may be responsible for this shift in resistance. This dual functionality highlights the adaptability and potential of the PVDF‐HFP/mpg‐C3N4 composite web as a versatile material for environmental sensing and cleanup. This research presents a comprehensive approach to the synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of such flexible membranes for potential applications as self‐cleaning devices and chemiresistive sensor.Highlights
PVDF‐HFP/mpg‐C3N4 composite membranes act as an efficient material for MB degradation (68%) with visible light exposure.
mpg‐C3N4 plays the role of active material in degradation.
PVDF‐HFP/mpg‐C3N4 composite membrane also act as sensors for MB detection.
Composite membrane becomes chemiresistive due to notable resistivity changes with MB concentration.
Posterior spinal fusion for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and the impact of postoperative intravenous dexamethasone supplementation
Authors: McIntosh Amy , Lachmann Emily , Datcu Anne‐Marie , McLeod Christopher 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPostoperative care pathways for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients undergoing posterior spinal fusion have demonstrated decreases in postoperative opioid consumption, improved pain control, and lead to decreased lengths of stay. Our objective was to implement postoperative steroids to reduce acute postoperative opioid consumption, pain scores, and length of stay. Dosing consisted of intravenous dexamethasone 0.1 mg/kg up to 4 mg per dose for a total of three doses at 8, 16, and 24 h postoperatively. As part of a quality initiative, we compared three cohorts of patients. The initial retrospective epidural cohort (EPI) (n = 59) had surgeon placed epidural catheters with infusion of ropivacaine 0.1% postoperatively for 18–24 h. Following an institutional change in postoperative care, epidural use was discontinued. A second cohort (n = 149), with prospectively collected data, received a surgeon placed erector spinae plane block and wound infiltration with a combination of liposomal and plain bupivacaine (LB). A third cohort (n = 168) was evaluated prospectively. This cohort received a surgeon placed erector spinae plane block and wound infiltration with liposomal and plain bupivacaine and additionally received postoperative dexamethasone for three doses (LB + D). Compared to the LB cohort, the LB + D cohort demonstrated statistically significant decreases in oral milligram morphine equivalents per kilogram at 0–24, 24–48, and 48–72 h. There was a statistically significant difference in median pain scores at 24–48 and 48–72 h in LB + D versus LB. The LB + D cohort's median length of stay in hours was significantly less compared to the LB cohort (52 h vs. 70 h, p < 0.0001). Postoperative intravenous dexamethasone was added to an established postoperative care pathway for patients undergoing posterior spinal fusion for idiopathic scoliosis resulting in decreased VAS pain scores, opioid consumption, and shorter length of stay.
Polymer materials for constructing therapeutical nanoparticles in photothermal therapy
Authors: Li Rui‐Lin , Liu Chuan‐Jun , Zhang Xian‐Zheng 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPhotothermal therapy (PTT) ablates tumors by thermal effects of photothermal agents (PTAs), and attracts wide attention due to the non‐invasive characteristic. The ideal PTAs are expected to have high photothermal conversion effect under NIR irradiation, as well as targeting abilities and good biocompatibility satisfying the need of application in vivo. Nanoparticles (NPs) are commonly used as anti‐tumor materials, and plenty of researches on therapeutical NPs for PTT treatment have been developed. Among various building blocks for photothermal NPs, polymer materials for biomedical applications have great advantages due to their negligible toxicity, flexibility for functional modification, and ability to integrate multiple therapeutic strategies. This review focuses on the polymer materials utilized in photothermal NP designing, including their application as excellent carriers and powerful PTAs with great PTT effects. Furthermore, the synergy therapy based on polymeric nanoplatform for enhancing PTT therapeutic efficiency will be introduced.
Higher levels of insulin‐like growth factor‐1 in cord blood associate with risk of asthma at age 3
Authors: Castro‐Rodriguez Jose A. , Padilla Oslando , Casanello Paola , Forno Erick 
Published: November 2023

AbstractRationaleExperimental studies and epidemiological data in adults suggest that somatomedin‐C (insulin‐like growth factor‐1, IGF‐1) may play a role in asthma by modulating airway inflammation, bronchial hyperreactivity, and airway smooth muscle hyperplasia. However, its role in children with asthma is not well understood.MethodsWe established a birth cohort with 339 Chilean pregnant mothers enrolled at the time of delivery from December 2014 to January 2016. We obtained cord blood at birth and followed the offspring every 6 months until 30 months of age, recording data on atopy, wheezing, and other respiratory illnesses. We measured IGF‐1 in cord blood and determined the Asthma Predictive Index (API) at 30 months. The cohort was divided according to the API.ResultsComplete data were available for 307/339 (91%) dyads, including 44 preschoolers with API+ and 263 with API–. Demographic characteristics were similar between groups, but mothers of API+ children had a higher prevalence of obesity, previous use of oral contraceptives, and higher education than those of API– children. API+ children had higher birth weight and significantly higher IGF‐1 in cord blood (37.4 ± 13.2 in API+ vs. 30.5 ± 13.0 ng/ml in API–, p = .01). In the multivariable analysis, IGF‐1 in cord blood remained independently associated with a higher risk of asthma (adjusted OR for API+ per ng/ml higher IGF‐1 = 1.03 [1.0–1.06], p = .015).ConclusionsHigher insulin‐like growth factor‐1 in cord blood is associated with asthma risk in the preschool years.
Propensity score‐incorporated adaptive design approaches when incorporating real‐world data
Authors: Lu Nelson , Chen Wei‐Chen , Li Heng , Song Changhong , Tiwari Ram , Wang Chenguang , Xu Yunling , Yue Lilly Q. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe propensity score‐integrated composite likelihood (PSCL) method is one method that can be utilized to design and analyze an application when real‐world data (RWD) are leveraged to augment a prospectively designed clinical study. In the PSCL, strata are formed based on propensity scores (PS) such that similar subjects in terms of the baseline covariates from both the current study and RWD sources are placed in the same stratum, and then composite likelihood method is applied to down‐weight the information from the RWD. While PSCL was originally proposed for a fixed design, it can be extended to be applied under an adaptive design framework with the purpose to either potentially claim an early success or to re‐estimate the sample size. In this paper, a general strategy is proposed due to the feature of PSCL. For the possibility of claiming early success, Fisher's combination test is utilized. When the purpose is to re‐estimate the sample size, the proposed procedure is based on the test proposed by Cui, Hung, and Wang. The implementation of these two procedures is demonstrated via an example.
Wireless power transfer system for capsule robot designed by radial square transmitting coil pair with novel ferrite structure
Authors: Wen Renqing , Yan Guozheng , Wang Zhiwu , Zhuang Haoyu , Kuang Shuai 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundWireless power transmission for capsule robots has always posed challenges due to the unpredictable postures.MethodsA radial transmitting coil with a novel ferrite structure is proposed, which consists of two parts with the function of converging magnetic induction lines and reducing magnetic leakage. To improve the flux density, uniformity, and shielding effectiveness, the design parameters are discussed and optimized on the basis of analytical calculations and simulation analysis.ResultsThe proposed ferrite structure improves the power transfer efficiency from 2.78% to 5.21%. Additionally, the power transfer stability showed a slight improvement from 76.4% to 77.6%, while magnetic leakage was reduced by 84%. Finally, the human tissue safety is also discussed and verified.ConclusionsThe wireless power transfer system is shown to be feasible and safe.
Does gendered wording in job advertisements deter women from joining start‐ups? A replication and extension of Gaucher, Friesen, and Kay (2011)
Authors: Seong Mihwa , Parker Simon C. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractResearch SummaryGaucher, Friesen, and Kay (2011: “GFK” hereafter) found that women perceive jobs to be less appealing when job adverts use masculine wording—a result they attributed to women's lower evaluations of “belongingness.” As masculine wording is used more often in male‐dominated jobs, GFK concluded that gendered wording in job adverts may deter women from entering such jobs. In light of growing general interest in joining new ventures (“start‐ups”), we replicate and extend GFK's study to compare start‐ups and established firms. Interestingly, we find that GFK's original findings are replicated in the context of start‐ups, but not in established firms. We propose and adduce evidence that the unique context of start‐ups may prime women to respond especially sensitively to gendered wording, via positive expectancy violation.Managerial SummaryThis article builds on a previous study that found masculine wording in job adverts deters women from entering male‐dominated jobs. Our purpose is to try to replicate these findings using a more recent sample of data and distinguishing new ventures (“start‐ups”) from established firms. Interestingly, we show that the prior finding is only replicated in the context of start‐ups and not established firms. Hence, women's responsiveness to gendered wording in job adverts appears to depend on the context. Implications are that incorporating feminine wording in job adverts is likely to be more effective in contexts where women anticipate greater challenges in becoming integrated into the workplace culture. Entrepreneurs' recruitment strategies designed to assemble a diverse workforce should therefore differ from those of established firms.
Kinetically Controlled Synthesis of Quasi‐Square CsPbI3 Nanoplatelets with Excellent Stability
Authors: Chen Mengyun , Zhang Tiankai , Elsukova Anna , Hu Zhangjun , Zhang Rui , Wang Yonghong , Liu Xianjie , Liu Xiaoke , Gao Feng 
Published: November 2023

AbstractNanoplatelets (NPLs) share excellent luminescent properties with their symmetric quantum dots counterparts and entail special characters benefiting from the shape, like the thickness‐dependent bandgap and anisotropic luminescence. However, perovskite NPLs, especially those based on iodide, suffer from poor spectral and phase stability. Here, stable CsPbI3 NPLs obtained by accelerating the crystallization process in ambient‐condition synthesis are reported. By this kinetic control, the rectangular NPLs into quasi‐square NPLs are tuned, where enlarged width endows the NPLs with a lower surface‐area‐to‐volume ratio (S/V ratio), leading to lower surficial energy and thus improved endurance against NPL fusion (cause for spectral shift or phase transformation). The accelerated crystallization, denoting the fast nucleation and short period of growth in this report, is enabled by preparing a precursor with complete transformation of PbI2 into intermediates (PbI3−), through an additional iodide supplier (e.g., zinc iodide). The excellent color stability of the materials remains in the light‐emitting diodes under various bias stresses.
Hierarchically Porous Carbon Rods Derived from Metal‐Organic Frameworks for Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Hybrid Capacitors
Authors: Li Hongxia , Liao Quanxing , Liu Yongdong , Li Yunfeng , Niu Xiaohui , Zhang Deyi , Wang Kunjie 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAqueous zinc‐ion hybrid capacitors (ZIHCs), as ideal candidates for high energy‐power supply systems, are restricted by unsatisfied energy density and poor cycling durability for further applications. The construction of a surface‐functionalized carbon cathode is an effective strategy for improving the performance of ZIHCs. Herein, a high‐performance ZIHC is achieved using oxygen‐rich hierarchically porous carbon rods (MDPC‐X) prepared by the pyrolysis of a metal‐organic framework (MOF) assisted by KOH activation. The MDPC‐X samples displayed high electric double‐layer capacitance (EDLC) and pseudocapacitance owing to their oxygen‐rich surfaces, abundant electroactive sites, and short ions/electron transfer lengths. The surface oxygen functional groups for the reversible chemical adsorption/desorption of Zn2+ are identified using ex situ X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Consequently, the as‐assembled ZIHC exhibited a high capacity of 323.4 F g−1 (161.7 mA h g−1) at 0.5 A g−1 and a retention of 147 F g−1 (73.5 mA h g−1) at an ultrahigh current density of 50 A g−1, corresponding to high energy and power densities of 145.5 W h kg−1 and 45 kW kg−1, respectively. Furthermore, an excellent cycling life with 96.5% of capacity retention is also maintained after 10 000 cycles at 10 A g−1, demonstrating its promising potential for applications.