bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lignin‐assisted alloying engineering of CoNiRu trimetallic nano‐catalyst for effective overall water splitting
Authors: Chen Dalang , Liu Jianglin , Qiu Xueqing , Liu Bowen , Wang Xiaofei , Qiu Zhongjie , Lin Xuliang , Qin Yanlin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe development of inexpensive and robust bifunctional electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reactions (HER) and oxygen evolution reactions (OER) was crucial for renewable energy systems. Herein, a novel strategy for preparing CoNiRu alloy nano‐electrocatalyst capsulated by nitrogen‐doped biochar (CoNiRu@NLC) using carboxymethylated lignin macromolecules was proposed. CoNiRu@NLC exhibited excellent HER and OER performance, and the overall water splitting voltage was only 1.47 V at 10 mA/cm2 with excellent catalytic stability, which was superior to the noble metal catalysts Pt/C ‖ RuO2. Theoretical calculations confirmed the strong electron interaction between CoNiRu alloy and carbon layer, and XPS patterns proved that the electrons transfer from Ru to CoNi, significantly boosted the electrocatalytic activity. This study demonstrated the importance of lignin‐driven alloying on enhancing catalytic performance and provided a concept for the development of high‐efficiency catalysts and high‐value utilization of polyphenol biomass.
Exploring preferred binding domains of IgG1 mAbs to multimodal adsorbents using a combined biophysics and simulation approach
Authors: Dhingra Kabir , Sinha Imee , Snyder Mark , Roush David , Cramer Steven M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn this work, we employ a recently developed biophysical technique that uses diethylpyrocarbonate (DEPC) covalent labeling and mass spectrometry for the identification of mAb binding patches to two multimodal cation exchange resins at different pH. This approach compares the labeling results obtained in the bound and unbound states to identify residues that are sterically shielded and thus located in the mAb binding domains. The results at pH 6 for one mAb (mAb B) indicated that while the complementarity determining region (CDR) had minimal interactions with both resins, the FC domain was actively involved in binding. In contrast, DEPC/MS data with another mAb (mAb C) indicated that both the CDR and FC domains were actively involved in binding. These results corroborated chromatographic retention data with these two mAbs and their fragments and helped to explain the significantly stronger retention of both the intact mAb C and its Fab fragment. In contrast, labeling results with mAb C at pH 7, indicated that only the CDR played a significant role in resin binding, again corroborating chromatographic data. The binding domains identified from the DEPC/MS experiments were also examined using protein surface hydrophobicity maps obtained using a recently developed sparse sampling molecular dynamics (MD) approach in concert with electrostatic potential maps. These results demonstrate that the DEPC covalent labeling/mass spectrometry technique can provide important information about the domain contributions of multidomain proteins such as monoclonal antibodies when interacting with multimodal resins over a range of pH conditions.
Elevated BMI reduces the humoral response to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection
Authors: Tong Marcus ZW , Sng Julian DJ , Carney Meagan , Cooper Lucy , Brown Samuel , Lineburg Katie E , Chew Keng Yih , Collins Neve , Ignacio Kirsten , Airey Megan , Burr Lucy , Joyce Briony A , Jayasinghe Dhilshan , McMillan Christopher LD , Muller David A , Adhikari Anurag , Gallo Linda A , Dorey Emily S , Barrett Helen L , Gras Stephanie , Smith Corey , Good‐Jacobson Kim , Short Kirsty R 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACTObjectiveClass III obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 40 kg m−2) significantly impairs the immune response to SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination. However, the effect of an elevated BMI (≥ 25 kg m−2) on humoral immunity to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and COVID‐19 vaccination remains unclear.MethodsWe collected blood samples from people who recovered from SARS‐CoV‐2 infection approximately 3 and 13 months of post‐infection (noting that these individuals were not exposed to SARS‐CoV‐2 or vaccinated in the interim). We also collected blood samples from people approximately 5 months of post‐second dose COVID‐19 vaccination (the majority of whom did not have a prior SARS‐CoV‐2 infection). We measured their humoral responses to SARS‐CoV‐2, grouping individuals based on a BMI greater or less than 25 kg m−2.ResultsHere, we show that an increased BMI (≥ 25 kg m−2), when accounting for age and sex differences, is associated with reduced antibody responses after SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. At 3 months of post‐infection, an elevated BMI was associated with reduced antibody titres. At 13 months of post‐infection, an elevated BMI was associated with reduced antibody avidity and a reduced percentage of spike‐positive B cells. In contrast, no significant association was noted between a BMI ≥ 25 kg m−2 and humoral immunity to SARS‐CoV‐2 at 5 months of post‐secondary vaccination.ConclusionsTaken together, these data showed that elevated BMI is associated with an impaired humoral immune response to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. The impairment of infection‐induced immunity in individuals with a BMI ≥ 25 kg m−2 suggests an added impetus for vaccination rather than relying on infection‐induced immunity.
Estimating the magnitude and sensitivity of energy fluxes for stickleback hosts and Schistocephalus solidus parasites using the metabolic theory of ecology
Authors: Claar Danielle C. , Faiad Sara M. , Mastick Natalie C. , Welicky Rachel L. , Williams Maureen A. , Sasser Kristofer T. , Weber Jesse N. , Wood Chelsea L. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractParasites are ubiquitous, yet their effects on hosts are difficult to quantify and generalize across ecosystems. One promising metric of parasitic impact uses the metabolic theory of ecology (MTE) to calculate energy flux, an estimate of energy lost to parasites. We investigated the feasibility of using metabolic scaling rules to compare the energetic burden of parasitism among individuals. Specifically, we found substantial sensitivity of energy flux estimates to input parameters used in the MTE equation when using available data from a model host–parasite system (Gasterosteus aculeatus and Schistocephalus solidus). Using literature values, size data from parasitized wild fish, and a respirometry experiment, we estimate that a single S. solidus tapeworm may extract up to 32% of its stickleback host's baseline metabolic energy requirement, and that parasites in multiple infections may collectively extract up to 46%. The amount of energy siphoned from stickleback to tapeworms is large but did not instigate an increase in respiration rate in the current study. This emphasizes the importance of future work focusing on how parasites influence ecosystem energetics. The approach of using the MTE to calculate energy flux provides great promise as a quantitative foundation for such estimates and provides a more concrete metric of parasite impact on hosts than parasite abundance alone.
Cross‐investments by multinationals: A new perspective
Authors: Casson Mark , Wadeson Nigel 
Published: December 2023

AbstractResearch SummaryCross‐flows of foreign direct investment (FDI) occur when firms invest in each other's home countries, affecting the terms of competition in each market. They are explained by internalization theory but have never been comprehensively investigated. This article models cross‐investment in a duopoly with differentiated products. The firms decide whether to enter each market and whether to serve it through trade or local production. The model combines firm‐, country‐, and industry‐level factors. It places cross‐investment in the wider context of cross‐sourcing, including cross‐trading and asymmetric sourcing. It reveals different forms of cross‐investment rather than being limited to cross‐multidomestic. Overall, cross‐investment is favored by highly differentiated products, low comparative advantage, large markets, high trade costs, and low costs of FDI.Managerial SummaryCross‐investment, where firms conduct FDI into each other's home countries, is an important phenomenon but has received little recent attention in international business literature. This article seeks, through mathematical modeling, to establish a better understanding of it in the wider context of cross‐sourcing. This helps to show how the strategy of the individual firm fits with those of the other firms in an international industry and how different possible industry structures and performance levels result. It includes choices over the locations from which markets are served being a potential source of first‐mover advantage. For instance, committing to producing in a country could reduce the cost of serving its market, potentially altering the equilibrium outcome in favor of the first mover.
The effect of triangular shutter type flow deflector perforated baffle plate on the thermofluid performance of a heat exchanger
Authors: Rahman Md. Atiqur 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe study aimed to investigate the heat transfer (HT) properties of a tubular heat exchanger (HX) by using innovative baffle plate arrangements. The newly designed baffle plate was circular with triangular openings and adjustable triangular flow deflectors. These deflectors were strategically placed at the inlet of the HX to create a swirling flow downstream. Three baffle plates were installed along the flow direction with different length‐to‐diameter ratios (pitch ratios) to assess their impact on HT, pressure drop, and thermal enhancement factor. The study compared these results with a smooth channel under varying Reynolds numbers (16,500–29,500). The findings revealed that both the pitch ratio (0.6–1.2) and the inclination angle of the deflectors (30⁰–50⁰) significantly affected the HX's performance. Notably, the baffle plate with a deflector inclination angle of 30° and a pitch ratio of 1 showed a remarkable average improvement of 36.5% compared to other angles and ratios.
Social and cultural aspects of human–wildlife conflicts: Understanding people's attitudes to crop‐raiding animals and other wildlife in agricultural systems of the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Li Mengjiao , Jiang Wei , Li Bajin , Butt Nathalie 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe social dimensions of human–wildlife conflicts are becoming increasingly important. In regions where crop‐raiding is a common issue, local people's attitudes toward wildlife is an important indicator of how successful conservation efforts are likely to be. One such area is the east Tibetan Plateau—a biodiversity hotspot with well‐preserved forest ecosystems and mountain villages where subsistence farming is practiced. In this context, we conducted a survey of people's tolerance toward wildlife in five Tibetan villages that experience conflicts arising from crop‐raiding incidents. We interviewed 83 respondents, 76 of whom were participants in a compensation scheme that provided payments for crop damage. Wildlife tolerance was generally high, mostly due to mutualistic wildlife values, whereby people believed they should coexist with animals equally instead of exploiting them as natural resources. Tolerance was influenced by people's wildlife preference rather than the level of damage to croplands: people were likely to show higher tolerance toward culturally important species even when they were crop‐raiding animals. While economic and mitigation efforts as part of traditional conservation management led to increased tolerance, the compensation scheme and fencing were less important than wildlife preference. We suggest that conservation management for human‐wildlife conflicts should develop region and stakeholder‐specific engagement strategies. Crucially, such strategies should incorporate cultural considerations to fully address the complex human dimensions inherent in these issues.
An investigation of healthcare professionals’ perspectives on the tasks of mental health counselors in hospital settings
Authors: Micallef Marmara’ Suelle , Kemer Gülşah 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn this study, we attempted to understand what other healthcare professionals considered mental health counselors’ (MHCs) tasks in their hospital setting to facilitate medical and mental health services and enhance patients’ well‐being. Using an exploratory sequential mixed‐methods design (concept mapping), we obtained 3 regions of MHCs’ tasks (i.e., Overarching Roles and Responsibilities of MHCs in the Hospital Setting, MHCs’ Specific Roles in the Hospital Setting, and MHCs’ Roles and Responsibilities as a Multidisciplinary Team Member) represented in 11 clusters. We discussed the results with implications for MHCs, healthcare professionals, counselor educators, and researchers, along with the current study's limitations.
Increased bone resorption that outpaces increased bone formation: An important pathology of rapidly destructive coxarthrosis
Authors: Watanabe Naoto , Ogawa Takahisa , Miyatake Kazumasa , Takada Ryohei , Jinno Tetsuya , Koga Hideyuki , Yoshii Toshitaka 
Published: December 2023

AbstractRapid joint destruction caused by rapidly destructive coxarthrosis (RDC) can increase surgical complexity and intraoperative blood loss. This single‐center retrospective study investigates osteoporosis‐related biomarkers for early RDC diagnosis and explores new treatment targets. We included 398 hip joints from patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty, examining medical records for preoperative patient demographics, bone mineral density of the hip and lumbar spine from dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry scans, and osteoporosis‐related biomarkers including TRACP‐5b, total P1NP, intact parathyroid hormone, and homocysteine. We compared RDC and osteoarthritis (OA) patients, and univariate analysis showed that RDC patients were older (p < 0.001) and had lower serum levels of albumin (p < 0.001) and higher serum levels of TRACP‐5b, total P1NP (p < 0.001), and homocysteine (p = 0.006). Multivariable analysis showed that the ratio of serum TRACP‐5b to total P1NP had a more significant difference in RDC patients than in OA patients (p = 0.04). Serum TRACP‐5b levels were negatively correlated with the time between RDC onset and blood collection, and Japanese Orthopedic Association pain score. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that the ratio of serum TRACP‐5b to total P1NP had the highest area under the curve value. This study is the first to demonstrate that the ratio of serum TRACP‐5b to total P1NP—increased bone resorption that outpaces increased bone formation—is significantly elevated in patients with RDC and that TRACP‐5b is higher in the early stages of RDC. Inhibiting serum levels of TRACP‐5b, activated osteoclasts, during early RDC may suppress disease progression.
Peripherally inserted central catheter securement with cyanoacrylate glue and bloodstream infection: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Kurata Yoshihiro , Ohira Gaku , Hayano Koichi , Imanishi Shunsuke , Tochigi Toru , Takahashi Yumiko , Mamiya Hisashi , Iwata Moe , Uesato Masaya , Murakami Kentaro , Toyozumi Takeshi , Matsumoto Yasunori , Nakano Akira , Otsuka Ryota , Hayashi Hideki , Matsubara Hisahiro 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundTreatment via a peripherally inserted central venous catheter is important for anticancer treatment, perioperative management, and nutrition management. In this study, we aimed to investigate the usefulness of cyanoacrylate glue (CG) in managing peripherally inserted central venous catheters in adults.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study enrolled 411 adults requiring a central venous catheter for treatment in the Chiba University Esophageal‐Gastro‐Intestinal Surgery department between January 2021 and October 2022. The preventive effect of CG in reducing adverse events, including infection, tip migration, and thrombus formation, was evaluated by reviewing electronic medical records, chest radiographs, and contrast‐enhanced computed tomography scans.ResultsCG and other dressings were used in 158 (CG group) and 253 (control group) patients, respectively. The incidence of catheter infection based on the clinical course was lower in the CG group (3.2%) than in the control group (9.1%; P = 0.03). However, cases of infection confirmed by blood or catheter cultures did not differ between the CG (1.3%) and control (1.9%) groups (P = 1.0). Chest radiographs revealed that catheter tip migration (mean ± SD) was lesser in the CG group (8.2 ± 6.7 mm) than in the control group (15.0 ± 15.8 mm; P < 0.01). There were two cases of venous thrombus formation in the control group.ConclusionIn a population dominated by esophago‐gastroenterological malignancy, peripherally inserted central catheter securement via CG was associated with decreased catheter removal because of suspected catheter infection. Further research on larger cohorts is needed to determine if other adverse events decrease following peripherally inserted central catheter securement via CG.
Predatory journals and their practices present a conundrum for systematic reviewers and evidence synthesisers of health research: A qualitative descriptive study
Authors: Pollock Danielle , Barker Timothy Hugh , Stone Jennifer C , Aromataris Edoardo , Klugar Miloslav , Scott Anna M , Stern Cindy , Ross‐White Amanda , Whitehorn Ashley , Wiechula Rick , Shamseer Larissa , Munn Zachary 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPredatory journals are a blemish on scholarly publishing and academia and the studies published within them are more likely to contain data that is false. The inclusion of studies from predatory journals in evidence syntheses is potentially problematic due to this propensity for false data to be included. To date, there has been little exploration of the opinions and experiences of evidence synthesisers when dealing with predatory journals in the conduct of their evidence synthesis. In this paper, the thoughts, opinions, and attitudes of evidence synthesisers towards predatory journals and the inclusion of studies published within these journals in evidence syntheses were sought. Focus groups were held with participants who were experienced evidence synthesisers from JBI (previously the Joanna Briggs Institute) collaboration. Utilising qualitative content analysis, two generic categories were identified: predatory journals within evidence synthesis, and predatory journals within academia. Our findings suggest that evidence synthesisers believe predatory journals are hard to identify and that there is no current consensus on the management of these studies if they have been included in an evidence synthesis. There is a critical need for further research, education, guidance, and development of clear processes to assist evidence synthesisers in the management of studies from predatory journals.
Comparative histopathological analysis of age‐associated intervertebral disc degeneration in CD‐1 and C57BL/6 mice: Anatomical and sex‐based differences
Authors: Hutchinson Jeffrey L. , Veras Matthew A. , Serjeant Meghan E. , McCann Matthew R. , Kelly Ashley L. , Quinonez Diana , Beier Frank , Séguin Cheryle A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundIntervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is a major contributor to back pain and disability. The cause of IVD degeneration is multifactorial, with no disease‐modifying treatments. Mouse models are commonly used to study IVD degeneration; however, the effects of anatomical location, strain, and sex on the progression of age‐associated degeneration are poorly understood.MethodsA longitudinal study was conducted to characterize age‐, anatomical‐, and sex‐specific differences in IVD degeneration in two commonly used strains of mice, C57BL/6 and CD‐1. Histopathological evaluation of the cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and caudal regions of mice at 6, 12, 20, and 24 months of age was conducted by two blinded observers at each IVD for the nucleus pulposus (NP), annulus fibrosus (AF), and the NP/AF boundary compartments, enabling analysis of scores by tissue compartment, summed scores for each IVD, or averaged scores for each anatomical region.ResultsC57BL/6 mice displayed mild IVD degeneration until 24 months of age; at this point, the lumbar spine demonstrated the most degeneration compared to other regions. Degeneration was detected earlier in the CD‐1 mice (20 months of age) in both the thoracic and lumbar spine. In CD‐1 mice, moderate to severe degeneration was noted in the cervical spine at all time points assessed. In both strains, age‐associated IVD degeneration in the thoracic and lumbar spine was associated with increased histopathological scores in all IVD compartments. In both strains, minimal degeneration was detected in caudal IVDs out to 24 months of age. Both C57BL/6 and CD‐1 mice displayed sex‐specific differences in the presentation and progression of age‐associated IVD degeneration.ConclusionsThese results showed that the progression and severity of age‐associated degeneration in mouse models is associated with marked differences based on anatomical region, sex, and strain. This information provides a fundamental baseline characterization for users of mouse models to enable effective and appropriate experimental design, interpretation, and comparison between studies.
3D Reconfigurable Vectorial Holography via a Dual‐Layer Hybrid Metasurface Device
Authors: Wang Yuzhong , Pang Cheng , Qi Jiaran 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMetasurface‐based vectorial holography manifests itself as an advanced platform for large‐capacity information storage, holographic display, and cryptography. However, a convenient and effective reconfigurable vectorial hologram generation mechanism still remains a challenge. Here, a rotation‐driven reconfigurable vectorial holography scheme is developed via a dual‐layer hybrid metasurface device, in which radiation‐type and birefringent metasurfaces are cascaded hybridly. Thus, reconfigurable and highly customizable intensity and polarization response of holograms in the 3D space is achieved. Rotatable radiation‐type metasurface (RTM) serves as an incidence‐wavefront modulator to excite the non‐rotatable birefringent metasurface (BM). The gradient descent optimization inverse design method is introduced to achieve the high‐efficiency reconstruction of the Jones vector and Jones matrix distribution on both RTM and BM. On this basis, numerical analysis and experimental verification of 3‐D reconfigurable vectorial holography are demonstrated in the microwave region. This scheme implies a new paradigm for 3‐D reconfigurable vectorial holography and can lead to advances in high‐capacity optical display, switchable meta‐devices, and cryptography.