bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of correlated domain motions in IgG light chain reveals possible mechanisms of immunological signal transduction
Authors: Król Marcin , Roterman Irena , Piekarska Barbara , Konieczny Leszek , Rybarska Janina , Stopa Barbara , Spólnik Paweł 
Published: March 2005

AbstractIt was shown experimentally that binding of a micelle composed of Congo red molecules to immunological complexes leads to the enhanced stability of the latter, and simultaneously prevents binding of a complement molecule (C1q). The dye binds in a cavity created by the removal of N‐terminal polypeptide chain, as observed experimentally in a model system—immunoglobulin G (IgG) light chain dimer. Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations of three forms of IgG light chain dimer, with and without the dye, were performed to investigate the role of N‐terminal fragment and self‐assembled ligand in coupling between V and C domains. Root‐mean‐square distance (RMSD) time profiles show that removal of N‐terminal fragment leads to destabilization of V domain. A micelle composed of four self‐assembled dye molecules stabilizes and fixes the domain. Analysis of root‐mean‐square fluctuation (RMSF) values and dynamic cross‐correlation matrices (DCCM) reveals that removal of N‐terminal fragment results in complete decoupling between V and C domains. Binding of self‐assembled Congo red molecules improves the coupling, albeit slightly. The disruption of a small β‐sheet composed of N‐ and C‐terminal fragments of the domain (NC sheet) is the most likely reason for the decoupling. Self‐assembled ligand, bound in the place originally occupied by N‐terminal fragment, is not able to take over the function of the β‐sheet. Lack of correlation of motions between residues in V and C domains denotes that light chain–Congo red complexes have hampered ability to transmit conformational changes between domains. This is a likely explanation of the lack of complement binding by immunological complexes, which bind Congo red, and supports the idea that the NC sheet is the key structural fragment taking part in immunological signal transduction. Proteins 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Eddy formation on the coast of North Norway – evidenced by synoptic sampling
Authors: Pedersen O.P. , Zhou M. , Tande K.S. , Edvardsen A. 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
In order to resolve advection, migration, and in situ population dynamics of zooplankton and capelin larvae in a mesoscale physical setting on the coast of North Norway, an extensive field survey was conducted. This paper reports on the physical conditions in the area and lays the basic environmental understanding for the analysis of vital rates of the biological components studied. We used a towed wing (SCANFISH) equipped with sensors and Objective Analysis for interpolation of hydrographic data into continuous fields. We show the importance of the mixing process along the coast of Norway, and identify the weakening of the signatures of Atlantic Water (AW). We also described the presence of a distinct and isolated water mass that is neither Norwegian Coastal Water (NCW) nor AW. This water mass had intermediate salinity but was significantly colder than NCW and AW. Several distinct non-linear mesoscale eddies were observed during a 12-day period. Anticyclonic eddies had lower salinity, while cyclonic eddies were relatively saline. We also observed meanders further offshore. Elongated eddies with the principle axis parallel to the shelf break developed into relatively larger isotropic eddies. The evolution of the eddy field was examined by cross-correlation between different periods of the survey. The most significant observation is the indication of eddy transport along the shelf. The translation speed was approximately 7 km day−1. We propose that the observed features are formed by baroclinic instabilities of the Norwegian Coastal Current (NCC) and that they play a crucial role as transport agents for biota.
The Belgian Permanent Representation to the European Union: Mailbox, Messenger, or Representative?
Authors: Kerremans Bart , Beyers Jan 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe purpose of this chapter is to examine the role of the Belgian permanent representation to the European Union from two angles. The first is sceptical, and asks, in light of the presence of all federal Belgian institutions (including the federal Foreign Ministry) in Brussels, what role the Belgian permanent representation plays beyond that of postbox, of transmitter of messages between the EU and Belgium and vice versa? The second viewpoint is quite the opposite, and is the perspective of high expectations: being in Brussels and representing Belgium’s interests in the same city could be beneficial, with a local presence providing added value to the work a permanent representation traditionally plays or is expected to play. What that added value may be can be determined by looking at the general benefits and the extent to which they are used productively by the Belgian permanent representation, and at the particular dividends it pays within the context of the Belgian federal political system. The first section of the chapter looks at the internal organization of the Belgian permanent representation (personnel and internal operation), the second looks at the position of the permanent representation in the Belgian policy co-ordination system, and the last discusses the added value and role of the Belgian permanent representation in relation to its presence inside the country it is supposed to represent.
The Appropriation of Divine Life in Cyril of Alexandria
Authors: Keating Daniel A. 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
Presents a comprehensive account of sanctification and divinization in Cyril as set forth in his New Testament biblical commentaries. By establishing the importance of pneumatology in Cyril’s narrative of divine life and by showing the requirement for an ethical aspect of divinization grounded in the example of Christ himself, this study brings a corrective to certain readings of Cyril that tend to exaggerate the ‘somatic’ or ‘physicalistic’ character of his understanding of divinization, by arguing that Cyril correlates the somatic and pneumatic means of our union with Christ, and impressively integrates the ontological and ethical aspects of our sanctification and divinization. The final chapter offers brief sketches of Cyril in comparison with Theodore of Mopsuestia, Augustine, and Leo the Great, with the aim of gaining further clarity to the Christological debates of the fifth century, and a better grasp of the theological similarities and differences between the East and West.
Cyril in Comparison
Authors: Keating Daniel A. 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
Aims to bring Cyril into discussion with three of his near contemporaries, Theodore of Mopsuestia, Augustine, and Leo the Great, with the aim of gaining further clarity to the Christological debates of the fifth century, and a better grasp of the theological similarities and differences between the East and West. In each case, a comparison is made at the level of Christology, pneumatology, and sacramental mediation. Closes with a modest appraisal of two issues commonly perceived as dividing the East and West, namely, salvation as divinization and the personal role of the Holy Spirit is the economy of redemption.
The Judicial Construction of Europe
Authors: Stone Sweet Alec 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
The law and politics of European integration have been inseparable since the 1960s, when the European Court of Justice rendered a set of foundational decisions that gradually served to ‘constitutionalize’ the Treaty of Rome. In this book, the author, one of the world's foremost social scientists and legal scholars, blends deductive theory, quantitative analysis of aggregate data, and qualitative case studies to explain the dynamics of European integration and institutional change in the European Union (EU) since 1959. He shows that the activities of market actors, lobbyists, legislators, litigators, and judges became connected to one another in various ways, giving the EU its fundamentally expansionary character. The first chapter, ‘The European Court and Integration’, provides an introduction to the book. The second, written with Thomas Brunell, assesses the impact of Europe's unique legal system on the evolution of supranational governance. The following three chapters trace the outcomes in three policy domains: free movement of goods (written with Margaret McCown), sex equality (written with Rachel Cichowski), and environmental protection (written with Markus Gehring). There is also a concluding chapter. The book integrates diverse themes, including: the testing of hypotheses derived from regional integration theory; the ‘judicialization’ of legislative processes; the path dependence of precedent and legal argumentation; the triumph of the ‘rights revolution’ in the EU; delegation, agency, and trusteeship; balancing as a technique of judicial rulemaking and governance; and why national administration and justice have been steadily ‘Europeanized’.
Invasion of Lotus japonicus root hairless 1 by Mesorhizobium loti Involves the Nodulation Factor-Dependent Induction of Root Hairs
Authors: Karas Bogumil , Murray Jeremy , Gorzelak Monika , Smith Alexandra , Sato Shusei , Tabata Satoshi , Szczyglowski Krzysztof 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
In many legumes, including Lotus japonicus and Medicago truncatula, susceptible root hairs are the primary sites for the initial signal perception and physical contact between the host plant and the compatible nitrogen-fixing bacteria that leads to the initiation of root invasion and nodule organogenesis. However, diverse mechanisms of nodulation have been described in a variety of legume species that do not rely on root hairs. To clarify the significance of root hairs during the L. japonicus-Mesorhizobium loti symbiosis, we have isolated and performed a detailed analysis of four independent L. japonicus root hair developmental mutants. We show that although important for the efficient colonization of roots, the presence of wild-type root hairs is not required for the initiation of nodule primordia (NP) organogenesis and the colonization of the nodule structures. In the genetic background of the L. japonicus root hairless 1 mutant, the nodulation factor-dependent formation of NP provides the structural basis for alternative modes of invasion by M. loti. Surprisingly, one mode of root colonization involves nodulation factor-dependent induction of NP-associated cortical root hairs and epidermal root hairs, which, in turn, support bacterial invasion. In addition, entry of M. loti through cracks at the cortical surface of the NP is described. These novel mechanisms of nodule colonization by M. loti explain the fully functional, albeit significantly delayed, nodulation phenotype of the L. japonicus ROOT HAIRLESS mutant.
The Impact of Land–Atmosphere Interactions on the Temporal Variability of Soil Moisture at the Regional Scale
Authors: Kochendorfer John P. , Ramírez Jorge A. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThis study examines the impact of the nonlinear dynamics of soil-moisture feedbacks to precipitation on the temporal variability of soil moisture at the regional scale. It is a modeling study in which the large-scale soil-water balance is first formulated as an ordinary differential equation and then recast as a stochastic differential equation by incorporating colored noise representing the high-frequency temporal variability and correlation of precipitation. The underlying model couples the atmospheric and surface-water balances and accounts for both precipitation recycling and precipitation-efficiency feedbacks, which arise from the surface energy balance. Based on the governing Fokker–Planck equation, three different analytical solutions (corresponding to differing forms and combinations of feedbacks) are derived for the steady-state probability density function of soil moisture. Using NCEP–NCAR reanalysis data, estimates of potential evapotranspiration, and long-term observations of precipitation, streamflow, and soil moisture, the model is parameterized for a 5° × 5° region encompassing the state of Illinois. It is shown that precipitation-efficiency feedbacks can be significant contributors to the variability of soil moisture at the regional scale. Precipitation recycling, on the other hand, increases the variability by a negligible amount. For all feedback cases, the probability density function is unimodal and nearly symmetric. The analysis concludes with an examination of the dependence of the shape of the probability density functions on spatial scale. It is shown that the associated increases in either the correlation time scale or the variance of the noise will produce a bimodal distribution when precipitation-efficiency feedbacks are included. However, the magnitudes of the necessary increases are of an unrealistic magnitude.
Role of health-related quality of life measures in the routine care of people with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Solari Alessandra 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
Health-related quality of life instruments are expected to be of particular value in routine care of people with multiple sclerosis (MS), where they may facilitate the detection of disease aspects that would otherwise go unrecognised, help clinicians appreciate patient priorities particularly in terms of treatment goals, facilitate physician-patient communication, and promote shared decision-making. However, it appears that these instruments are little used routine clinical approaches to people with MS. To address this issue, I performed a bibliographic search of studies that evaluated the efficacy of generic or disease-specific health-related quality of life (HRQOL) instruments in MS clinical practice from clinicians' or patients' perspectives. I found only one cross-sectional study, which compared preferences for three instruments, and assessed acceptability in people with MS.
Reasons for lack of transfer of HRQOL measurements to clinical practice may be cultural, methodological, or practical. With regard to MS, the proliferation of instruments seems to constitute a barrier, with no particular instrument having gained wide popularity or consensus. Other barriers are lack of resources for the administration, collection and storage of the data, and inability of clinicians to score, interpret, and use HRQOL instrument to guide clinical care. It is therefore important to refine existing tools, extending clinical validation to wider contexts and cultures. More studies assessing acceptability and clinicians' and patients' preferences for different instruments are also required.
The Estradiol-Dihydrotestosterone model of prostate cancer
Authors: Friedman A Edward 
Published: March 2005

Abstract

Background
The exact relationship between hormonal activity and prostate cancer(PCa) has not yet been clearly defined. One of the key hormones associated with PCa is testosterone(T). However, both in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that under some conditions T is capable of either promoting PCa growth or death. This article proposes a theory which resolves this apparent paradox.

Model
The Estradiol-Dihydrotestosterone(E-D) model introduced in this paper proposes that 17β-estradiol(E2) is essential for initiating the growth of PCa cells through the formation of telomeres. It also proposes that T is responsible for increasing the expression of proteins which cause apoptosis, or programmed cell death, and that 5α-dihydrotestosterone(DHT) is essential for preventing this. In addition, it is known that some T is converted to both E2 and DHT, which means that depending on the conditions, T is capable of either promoting the growth of or the killing of PCa.
Effect of Low‐Level Er:YAG Laser Irradiation on Cultured Human Gingival Fibroblasts
Authors: Pourzarandian Amir , Watanabe Hisashi , Ruwanpura Senarath M.P.M. , Aoki Akira , Ishikawa Isao 
Published: March 2005

Background: Low‐level laser irradiation has been reported to enhance wound healing. Activation of gingival fibroblasts (GF) has a potential for early wound healing in periodontal treatment. The present study aimed to investigate the direct effect of low‐level Er:YAG laser irradiation on gingival fibroblasts proliferation in order to clarify the laser effect on healing.Methods: Cultured human gingival fibroblasts (hGF) were exposed to low‐power, pulsed Er:YAG laser irradiation with different energy densities ranging from 1.68 to 5.0 J/cm2. The cultures were analyzed by means of trypan blue staining and counted under a light microscope. The effect of Er:YAG laser on hGF was also evaluated using a transmission electron microscope (TEM).Results: Cultures irradiated with Er:YAG laser presented faster cell growth when compared with untreated controls. This difference was statistically significant. Transmission electron microscopy revealed rough endoplasmic reticulum, prominent Golgi complexes, and mitochondria after laser irradiation.Conclusions: Our results showed that the low‐level Er:YAG laser irradiation stimulates the proliferation of cultured gingival fibroblasts. The optimal stimulative energy density was found to be 3.37 J/cm2. This result suggests that Er:YAG laser irradiation may be of therapeutic benefit for wound healing. J Periodontol 2005;76:187‐193.
Capnocytophaga spp. in Periodontitis Patients Manifesting Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Ciantar Marilou , Gilthorpe Mark S. , Hurel Steven J. , Newman Hubert N. , Wilson Michael , Spratt David A. 
Published: March 2005

Background: The subgingival microflora in patients presenting concurrently with periodontitis and diabetes mellitus (DM) are poorly understood. While traditional putative periodontal pathogens are implicated, research involving other oral organisms; e.g., Capnocytophaga spp., is lacking. These organisms produce a range of bacterial enzymes relevant to periodontal breakdown. It is inferred that periodontal bacteria acquire systemic access through the ulcerated periodontal pocket surface; conclusive evidence supporting this notion is limited. The aims of this investigation were to: 1) quantify and identify Capnocytophaga spp. present in healthy and diseased sites in periodontitis patients with and without DM, and 2) isolate periodontal pathogens from these patients' blood.Methods: Twenty‐one DM‐periodontitis and 25 periodontitis patients were recruited. Subgingival plaque was collected from three healthy and three diseased sites per subject. Capnocytophaga spp. and total (facultative and obligate) anaerobic counts from each site were estimated. Capnocytophaga spp. were identified using 16S rRNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Statistical analyses were performed using multilevel modeling. Blood samples were subjected to HbA1c estimation and bacterial culture.Results: A total of 848 Capnocytophaga spp. were isolated and identified. Significantly higher numbers of Capnocytophaga spp. (P <0.001) and anaerobes (P <0.001) were present in diseased sites in DM‐periodontitis subjects compared to healthy sites in non‐DM‐periodontitis and DM‐periodontitis subjects. C. ochracea (and variant) and C. granulosa were the most prevalent species. Blood samples were negative for Capnocytophaga spp.Conclusions: Total mean counts for Capnocytophaga spp. were significantly higher in DM‐periodontitis subjects versus non‐DM‐periodontitis (P = 0.025) and at diseased sites versus healthy sites (P <0.001). Analysis of individual species revealed that the outcome varied with site status and DM status. J Periodontol 2005;76:194‐203.
Osseointegrated Dental Implants in Private Practice: A Long‐Term Case Series Study
Authors: Lemmerman Keith J. , Lemmerman Neal E. 
Published: March 2005

Background: Osseointegrated dental implants have become a routinely recommended procedure in the clinical practice of dentistry and periodontics. Due to their predictability, they have changed the way many cases are treatment planned. The purpose of this paper is to report the results of a prospective study of factors affecting the successes and failures of a large group of dental implants and compare them to published literature.Methods: A total of 1,003 consecutively placed pure titanium dental implants placed from August 1987 to January 2002 and followed to October 2003 are reported. All implants were placed in one private practice by the same surgeon.Results: Success rates statistically were influenced only by the age of the implant, although when the raw data are examined, some trends are seen. Success was unaffected by patient age, gender, surface roughness of implant, site of placement, smoking, bone type, arch, screw versus press‐fit, diameter, length, manufacturer, reason for tooth loss, site bony augmentation and timing, placement timing, one‐versus two‐stage placement, or torque testing of implants; 75% of failures occurred before restoration.Conclusions: Osseointegrated dental implants are a highly predictable procedure with proper case selection. Failure rates vary for a number of factors reviewed, although only the age of the implant was statistically important in predicting failure. Male smokers, maxillary first molars, and type 4 bone had increased failure rates. Threaded, surface‐roughened implants had the highest success rates. J Periodontol 2005;76:310‐319.
Measuring similarity of concentration between different informetric distributions: Two new approaches
Authors: Burrell Quentin L. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFrom its earliest days, much investigative work in informetrics has been concerned with inequality aspects. Beginning with the well‐known Gini coefficient as a measure of the concentration/inequality of productivity within a single data set, in this study we look at the problem of measuring relative inequality of productivity between two data sets. A measure originally proposed by Dagum (1987), analogous to the Gini coefficient, is discussed and developed with both theoretical and empirical illustrations. From this we derive a standardized measure—the relative concentration coefficient—based on the notion of “relative economic affluence” also introduced by Dagum (1987). Finally, a new standardized measure—the co‐concentration coefficient, in some ways analogous to the correlation coefficient—is defined. The merits and drawbacks of these two measures are discussed and illustrated. Their value will be most readily appreciated in comparative empirical studies.
Role of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the early management of acute gallbladder disease
Authors: Peng W K , Sheikh Z , Nixon S J , Paterson-Brown S 
Published: March 2005

Abstract

Background
This study evaluated the role of laparoscopic surgery in the early management of acute gallbladder disease in a single large UK teaching hospital.

Methods
Details of all emergency admissions for acute gallbladder disease from January 2000 to December 2001 were identified and additional information from the hospital records was reviewed retrospectively.

Results
Three hundred and eighty-five patients with gallstone disease (243 acute biliary pain, 142 acute cholecystitis) and 15 with acalculous disease were identified. The conversion rate was higher during early laparoscopic surgery for acute calculous cholecystitis than in operations for acute biliary pain (19 versus 4 per cent; P = 0·002). In patients with acute calculous cholecystitis the conversion rate was significantly lower in operations within 48 h of admission (one of 26) than when surgery was delayed beyond 48 h (14 of 52) or subsequently carried out electively (seven of 21) (P = 0·014). Elective surgery for previous acute cholecystitis was associated with a higher conversion rate (seven of 21 patients) than elective surgery for biliary pain (three of 65) (P = 0·002).

Conclusion
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute calculous cholecystitis should be performed, where possible, within the first 48 h of admission.