bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of leucocyte reduction on the potential alloimmunogenicity of leucocytes in fresh‐frozen plasma products
Authors: Hiruma K. , Okuyama Y. 
Published: March 2003

Background and ObjectivesAdverse effects mediated by leucocytes in cellular blood products are widely recognized. There are few studies, however, concerning the effects of residual leucocytes in fresh‐frozen plasma (FFP). We examined the quantities and characteristics of leucocytes in FFP in order to investigate the potential leucocyte‐associated adverse effects of FFP transfusion, focusing on the risk of alloimmunization.Materials and MethodsThe quantity of leucocytes in FFP was estimated by using the Nageotte method and flow cytometry (FCM) analysis. The viability and subsets of leucocytes were determined by FCM using propidium iodide (PI) and fluorescein‐conjugated antibodies. To investigate alloimmunogenicity caused by the leucocytes in FFP, mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC) were performed using fresh, allogeneic peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) as responder cells and cell‐concentrated thawed FFP as a stimulator. We also studied the performance of leucocyte‐reduction filters with FFP products.ResultsThe average number of leucocytes in a single unit of FFP, derived from 200 ml of whole blood, was 2·98 × 106 (range 0·99–8·38 × 106). The majority of these cells were PI‐positive dead cells; however, a small but consistent population of PI‐negative cells was present in these products. Both dead and live cells expressed human leucocyte antigen (HLA) class I antigens, and ≈ 38% of these cells expressed HLA class II antigens. The average number of viable CD3+ T cells in one unit of FFP was 2·36 × 104. Growth of the allogeneic PBMCs increased following stimulation with highly concentrated FFP. Use of leucocyte‐reduction filters significantly reduced the concentrations of both PI‐positive (dead) and PI‐negative (live) cells. The growth of allogeneic lymphocytes after stimulation with FFP was also completely suppressed by leucocyte filtration of FFP.ConclusionTransfusion of FFP is potentially alloimmunogenic owing to its residual leucocyte content. Leucocyte‐reduction filters appear to be effective in suppressing the alloimmunogenicity of FFP.
Stem cell collection filter system for human placental/umbilical cord blood processing
Authors: Yasutake M. , Sumita M. , Terashima S. , Tokushima Y. , Nitadori Y. , Takahashi T. A. 
Published: March 2003

Background and ObjectivesThe hydroxyethyl starch method and the Top & Bottom method have been used worldwide for the volume reduction of human placental/umbilical cord blood (PCB) units. To simplify the preparation of nucleated cell (NC) concentrates, we developed a new filter device – the stem cell collection filter system (SCF SYSTEM) – which can collect mononuclear cells (MNC) at a high recovery rate.Materials and MethodsThe SCF SYSTEM consisted of a filter and two bags. Multilayered polyethylene terephthalate non‐wovens, coated with a hydrophilic polymer, were used as filter media. PCB units were filtered by gravity (n = 12). Red blood cells, platelets and plasma were drained into the drain bag, and the NC trapped on the filter media was collected in the recovery bag by reverse washing. Recovered cell fractions were evaluated.ResultsThe volume of cell concentrate recovered was 27·4 ± 2·2 ml (mean ± SD, n = 12). The whole time required for processing was less than 30 min, and handling was very simple. The viability of recovered NC was 97·8 ± 3·2%. The recovery of lymphocytes, monocytes and granulocytes was 79·5 ± 16·9%, 79·8 ± 20·4% and 39·0 ± 19·5%, respectively. The recovery rate of granulocytes was significantly lower than that of monocytes and lymphocytes (P ≤ 0·0001). The recovery rates of CD3+ cells, CD19+ cells and CD56+ cells were almost the same as that of MNC. The recovery rates of CD34+ cells, total colony‐forming cells and long‐term culture‐initiating cells were 81·7 ± 27·0% (n = 11), 80·8 ± 27·7% (n = 12) and 75·0 ± 18·4% (n = 2), respectively.ConclusionThe new filter system was shown to be efficient for PCB processing, encompassing a very simple handling procedure with a good recovery of haematopoietic progenitor cells. Hence, the SCF SYSTEM is potentially useful for the volume reduction of PCB units for cord blood banking.
Evaluation of solutions for the storage of granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor‐mobilized granulocyte concentrates
Authors: Lightfoot T. , Gallelli J. , Matsuo K. , Kwon S.‐W. , Leitman S. F. , Stroncek D. F. 
Published: March 2003

BackgroundHigh cell counts in granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF)‐mobilized granulocytes are detrimental to concentrate storage. An eightfold dilution with autologous plasma improves storage, but this method is impractical. The purpose of this study was to identify an infusible solution that could be used in place of autologous plasma to dilute and store granulocytes.Materials and MethodsGranulocytes collected from donors given dexamethasone (8 mg per os) and/or G‐CSF (5 µg/kg subcutaneously [SQ]) were diluted eightfold in the following cell culture media: X‐Vivo 10, Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s minimal essential medium (DMEM) or Iscoves modified Dulbecco’s medium (IMDM); or in the following infusible solutions: Plasma‐Lyte A; Normosol R; lactated ringers, supplemented with 1% human serum albumin and 50 mm histidine (LRAH); or Plasma‐Lyte A supplemented with 50 mm histidine buffer or 25 mm HEPES buffer plus 1% human serum albumin. The granulocytes were stored for 48 h at room temperature. White blood cell (WBC) counts, WBC viability and pH were measured after ≈ 2 h, 24 h and 48 h of storage.ResultsCell counts, viability and pH were maintained after 2 h, 24 h and 48 h in cells stored in the three cell culture media. The pH fell slightly after 48 h to 6·86 ± 0·10 in granulocyte concentrates diluted in LRAH, but fell to a greater extent after 24 h and 48 h, to 6·36 ± 0·23 (48‐h value) in granulocyte concentrates diluted in Plasma‐Lyte A and to 6·40 ± 0·19 (48‐h value) in granulocyte concentrates diluted in Normosol R. The cell counts of concentrates diluted in LRAH were stable for 48 h, but fell in granulocyte concentrates stored in Plasma‐Lyte A and Normosol R. Plasma‐Lyte A supplemented with histidine maintained the pH of diluted granulocyte concentrates better than Plasma‐Lyte A supplemented with HEPES; 6·91 ± 0·10 and 6·65 ± 0·11, respectively, after 24 h. Cell counts were maintained best in granulocyte concentrates diluted in Plasma‐Lyte A supplemented with albumin and one or both of the buffers.ConclusionsCulture media were best for granulocyte storage, but they are not approved for in vivo use. Infusible solutions are not buffered adequately and lack sufficient protein, but infusible solutions, such as lactated Ringer’s solution or Plasma‐Lyte A supplemented with buffers and albumin, hold promise as effective and licensable solutions for granulocyte storage.
Haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in human term and preterm neonatal blood
Authors: Li Karen , Wan Yau Fung , Fai Fok Tai , Woon So King , Kong Li Chi , Man Pan Yuen Patrick 
Published: March 2003

Background and ObjectivesWhilst cord blood (CB) contains a significant number of haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells suitable for bone marrow transplantation, levels of these cells are very low in the adult circulation. In previous studies, we demonstrated that stem and progenitor cells are present in neonatal blood (NB) and reported the first sibling transplant using a combination of CB and NB for a patient with β‐thalassaemia major. However, our preliminary data showed that the number of CD34+ cells decreased rapidly in the peripheral blood of neonates soon after birth. To further investigate the mechanism of the change of stem and progenitor cells in NB, we measured the steady‐state levels of CD34+ cells, early progenitor subsets and the expression of adhesion molecules, in term and preterm neonates.Materials and MethodsNB was collected serially from infants at 2, 4, 6, 8, 24 and 48 h after birth and was analysed by three‐colour flow cytometry.ResultsOur results demonstrated that the number of CD34+ cells rapidly decreased in term NB, particularly during the first 2–6 h of life, by 29·2 ± 5·55% (P = 0·0003) in absolute counts/ml. A decrease was observed in all subsets of CD34+ cells studied, including the CD33+, CD71+, CD62L+ and CD49d+ populations. In contrast, the CD34+ cell number increased in preterm infants in the first 8 h of life, before starting to decrease. Significant inverse correlations were observed between gestational age and levels of CD34+ cells (P = 0·0065, 4‐h collection time‐point).ConclusionOur study suggests that changes in the levels of CD34+ stem and progenitor cells in NB might be triggered by parturition and affected by the gestational age. Our findings confirmed that if targeted as a supplementary source of stem and progenitor cells to CB for transplantation, NB should be collected as soon as possible after birth.
An anti‐idiotopic antibody‐based enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay for the quantification of the monoclonal anti‐D BRAD‐5
Authors: Austin E. B. , Smith L. C. , Walker R. Y. 
Published: March 2003

ObjectivesWe aimed to develop an anti‐idiotopic antibody‐based enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to quantify human monoclonal anti‐D using BRAD‐5 as a model system.Materials and MethodsOne of the anti‐idiotopic antibodies 2E6 was used to capture BRAD‐5 with the other anti‐idiotopic antibody 3B1 biotinylated for detection.ResultsThe assay developed can detect BRAD‐5 at < 2 ng/ml. Assay interference caused by heterophilic antibodies in some human sera was removed by preincubation with bovine serum. The assay is reproducible with intra‐ and inter‐assay coefficient of variation (CV) <10%.ConclusionThis ELISA should prove of benefit in developing a monoclonal anti‐D for prophylactic use.
Point mutations in KEL exon 8 determine a high‐incidence (RAZ) and a low‐incidence (KEL25, VLAN) antigen of the Kell blood group system
Authors: Lee S. , Reid M. E. , Redman C. M. 
Published: March 2003

Background and ObjectivesThe molecular basis of two Kell blood group antigens, RAZ (provisionally KEL27) and VLAN (KEL25), were determined.Materials and MethodsThe DNA sequences of the open reading frames and the flanking intron regions of the 19 KEL exons from RAZ and VLAN probands were compared with that of common KEL. Genotyping assays were designed to confirm and detect RAZ and VLAN phenotypes.ResultsA homozygous G865A mutation, encoding lysine instead of glutamic acid at amino acid position 249 of Kell protein, defines the RAZ phenotype, while a heterozygous G863A mutation in KEL, encoding an arginine to glutamine substitution at amino acid 248, characterizes the VLAN phenotype.ConclusionPoint mutations G865A and G863A, in adjacent codons of KEL exon 8, which cause amino acid substitutions, characterize the RAZ and VLAN Kell blood group phenotypes.
Studies on the removal of a bovine spongiform encephalopathy‐derived agent by processes used in the manufacture of human immunoglobulin
Authors: Reichl H. E. , Foster P. R. , Welch A. G. , Li Q. , MacGregor I. R. , Somerville R. A. , Fernie K. , Steele P. J. , Taylor D. M. 
Published: March 2003

Background and Objectives There is still uncertainty over how the agent of variant Creutzfeld‐Jakob disease (vCJD) would partition during the manufacture of plasma derivatives. In this study, a BSE‐derived agent was used as a vCJD model to determine the extent to which infectivity could be removed by selected steps used in the manufacture of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG).Materials and Methods Murine‐passaged BSE (strain 301V), in the form of a microsomal fraction prepared from infected brain, was used to ‘spike’ the starting material in three experiments. The partitioning of BSE infectivity was measured over Fraction I+III precipitation, borosilicate microfibre depth filtration and Seitz depth filtration, with these steps being examined individually and in series.Results Most 301V infectivity partitioned into Fraction I+III (log reduction 2·1). Infectivity remaining in Supernatant I+III was reduced by AP20 glass‐fibre depth filtration (log reduction 0·6) and subsequently removed to below the limit of detection by Seitz KS80 depth filtration, giving an overall log reduction of ≥ 2·9 for the three steps in series. By contrast, glass‐fibre depth filtration gave a log reduction of 2·4 when challenged directly with ‘spiked’ feedstock. Seitz KS80 depth filtration gave a log reduction of ≥ 3·1 when challenged directly with ‘spiked’ feedstock and also removed residual infectivity to below the limit of detection when applied as the final step in series.Conclusions Results using a BSE‐derived agent suggest that vCJD infectivity should be substantially removed from immunoglobulin G (IgG) solutions by Fraction I+III precipitation and Seitz KS80 depth filtration. The three different process steps examined acted in a complementary manner to one another when operated in series. However, the data demonstrated that it would be inappropriate to add together the reduction factors that had been derived for each step in isolation.
False‐reactive test for hepatitis B surface antigen following administration of granulocyte–colony‐stimulating factor
Authors: Warren K. , Eastlund T. 
Published: March 2003

Background and Objective High‐dose granulocyte transfusions are being administered to severely granulocytopenic patients. A single dose of G–CSF is given to donors for mobilization of granulocytes prior to donation.Materials and Methods Infectious disease tests were performed on a donor before and after G–CSF was given.Results Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) testing was transiently reactive following administration of G–CSF when examined using a test kit from one manufacturer, but not another. No other cause was found.Conclusion A false‐reactive test for HBsAg using one manufacturer's test kit can occur following a single dose of G–CSF.
Storage of platelets in additive solutions: a pilot in vitro study of the effects of potassium and magnesium
Authors: Gulliksson H. , AuBuchon J. P. , Vesterinen M. , Sandgren P. , Larsson S. , Pickard C. A. , Herschel I. , Roger J. , Tracy J. E. , Langweiler M. 
Published: March 2003

Background and Objectives Platelet additive solutions (PAS) have been shown to be suitable for extended platelet storage but have required the carryover of substantial (30%) amounts of plasma for success. Improving platelet quality by optimizing the composition of PAS may allow a reduction to be made in the amount of plasma carried over. Reducing the proportion of plasma carried over would facilitate some methods of viral inactivation and make available greater amounts of plasma for other needs.Materials and Methods Platelets from six pools of 25 buffy coat platelet units and five apheresis platelet units were aliquoted for storage in plasma, or converted to PAS units in either a specific additive solution (PAS‐III), with 30% or 20% plasma, or a modification of PAS‐III containing 5·0 mm potassium and 1·5 mm magnesium (PAS‐IIIM), with 30% or 20% plasma. Units were stored at room temperature with agitation for 7 days with in vitro testing for biochemical, haematological and functional parameters.Results Storage of platelets in PAS‐IIIM resulted in a reduced rate of glycolysis and better retention of pH, morphology score and ATP levels. Platelets initially showed less evidence of activation when stored in PAS‐IIIM, with reduced P‐selectin expression. Storage in PAS‐IIIM with 20% (rather than the standard 30%) plasma appeared to result in the retention of in vitro properties, similarly to storage in standard PAS‐III with 30% plasma.Conclusions Storing platelets in an additive solution containing magnesium and potassium improves the functionality of the platelets, as measured by in vitro testing, and may allow a reduction of the amount of plasma required to be carried over to the final unit.
Endogenous serum insulin concentration in dogs with diabetic ketoacidosis
Authors: Parsons Shannon E. , Drobatz Kenneth J. , Lamb Stephen V. , Ward Cynthia R. , Hess Rebecka S. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjective: To determine endogenous serum insulin concentration in dogs with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), and to compare it to endogenous serum insulin concentration in diabetic dogs with ketonuria but no acidosis (KDM), diabetic dogs with uncomplicated diabetes mellitus (DM) that did not have ketonuria or acidosis, and dogs with non‐pancreatic disease (NP).Design: Prospective study.Setting: Veterinary Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania.Animals: Forty‐four client‐owned dogs; 20 dogs with newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus (7 dogs with DKA, 6 dogs with KDM, and 7 dogs with DM) and 24 dogs with non‐pancreatic disease.Interventions: Blood and urine samples were obtained at the time of admission to the hospital.Measurements and main results: Signalment, clinical signs, physical examination findings, and concurrent disease were recorded for all dogs. Blood glucose concentration, venous blood pH, venous blood HCO3− concentration, urinalysis, and endogenous serum insulin concentration were determined in all dogs. Dogs with DKA have significantly decreased endogenous serum insulin concentrations compared to dogs with DM (P = 0.03) and dogs with non‐pancreatic disease (P = 0.0002), but not compared to dogs with KDM (P = 0.2). Five of 7 dogs with DKA had detectable endogenous serum insulin concentrations, and 2 of these dogs had endogenous serum insulin concentration within the normal range.Conclusions: Diabetic dogs with ketoacidosis have significantly decreased endogenous serum insulin concentration compared to dogs with uncomplicated diabetes mellitus. However, most dogs with DKA have detectable endogenous serum insulin concentrations, and some dogs with DKA have endogenous serum insulin concentrations within the normal range.
Descending thoracic aortic blood flow parameters during emergent surgery in anesthetized critically ill dogs
Authors: Mills Richard J. , Lichtenberger Marla K. , Wall Piper L. , Kirby Rebecca 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjective: To explore the potential value of transesophageally‐determined descending thoracic aortic blood flow parameters in critically ill dogs undergoing surgery.Design: Observational case series.Setting: Private small animal referral hospital.Animals: Ten anesthetized critically ill dogs that underwent emergent surgery.Interventions: Placement of the ultrasonic transesophageal probe.Measurements and main results: Transesophageally‐determined descending thoracic aortic blood flow, stroke volume, blood velocity, blood acceleration, left ventricular ejection time interval, and heart rate parameters were recorded every minute. Systolic and mean arterial blood pressures were non‐invasively determined and recorded at 1–5 minute intervals. The anesthetist and surgeon were blinded to the descending thoracic aortic blood flow parameters. All dogs received fluid challenges as part of their management, and 2 dogs received dopamine. The variability of the descending thoracic aortic blood flow parameters within each dog was greater than has been reported in non‐critically ill anesthetized dogs. Consistent trends in descending thoracic aortic blood flow parameters after fluid challenges were not found. An escalating dopamine infusion was, however, accompanied by increasing aortic blood flow, stroke volume, acceleration, and peak velocity.Conclusions: Descending thoracic aortic blood flow parameters may eventually be useful for evaluating the responses to and suggesting the need for cardiovascular interventions during emergent surgeries in anesthetized critically ill canine patients. For this to occur, more experience with this technology will be required.
Unverträglichkeit von Implantaten – Herausforderung für die Allergologie
Authors: Renn C. N. , Dorfmueller A. , Merk H. F. 
Published: March 2003

Zusammenfassung: Bei zunehmender Verbreitung und Einsatzmöglichkeit von Metallimplantaten in den letzten Jahrzehnten mehren sich Berichte über Implantat‐Unverträglichkeitsreaktionen.

Im Zusammenhang mit prothetischer Versorgung wird von lokalisierten oder generalisierten Ekzemen, Urtikaria, Wundheilungstörungen, Vaskulitiden, bullösen Hautveränderungen und Erythema exsudativum multiforme‐ähnlichen Effloreszenzen berichtet. Eine besondere pathogenetische Bedeutung der Metallionen (Nickel, Kobalt, Chrom) wird durch ihre häufige Auslösung von Kontaktallergien sowie als Bestandteil vieler Implantate deutlich. Beim Menschen können jedoch auch individuelle Faktoren Einfluss auf eine Sensibilisierung haben. Periimplantäre Infiltrate mit Charakteristika allergischer Reaktionen vom Spättyp werden auch bei Prothesenlockerungen gefunden. Allerdings erschwert die Komplexität der zugrunde liegenden Mechanismen einer Implantatunverträglichkeit ihren Nachweis sowie die weitere Charakterisierung. Da ein routinemäßig präoperativ durchgeführter Epikutantest auf Protheseninhaltsstoffe nur mäßig prädiktiv aussagekräftig ist, werden zunehmend weitere in vitro‐Testmethoden zur Diagnostik einer Sensibilisierung auf Protheseninhaltsstoffe herangezogen.
Genetic parameters for individual birth and weaning weight and for litter size of Large White pigs
Authors: Kaufmann D. , Hofer A. , Bidanel J. P. , Künzi N. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryData from a French experimental herd recorded between 1990 and 1997 were used to estimate genetic parameters for individual birth and weaning weight, as well as litter size of Large White pigs using restricted maximum likelihood (REML) methodology applied to a multivariate animal model. In addition to fixed effects the model included random common environment of litter, direct and maternal additive genetic effects. The data consisted of 1928 litters including individual weight observations from 18151 animals for birth weight and from 15360 animals for weaning weight with 5% of animals transferred to a nurse. Estimates of direct and maternal heritability and proportion of the common environmental variance for birth weight were 0.02, 0.21 and 0.11, respectively. The corresponding values for weaning weight were 0.08, 0.16 and 0.23 and for litter size 0.22, 0.02 and 0.06, respectively. The direct and the maternal genetic correlations between birth and weaning weight were positive (0.59 and 0.76). Weak positive (negative) genetic correlations between direct effects on weight traits and maternal effects on birth weight (weaning weight) were found. Negative correlations were found between direct genetic effect for litter size and maternal genetic effects on all three traits. The negative relationship between litter size and individual weight requires a combined selection for litter size and weight.