bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Faces In The Forest
Authors: Strier Karen B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The woolly spider monkey, or muriqui, is one of the most endangered primate species in the world today. Because of deforestation pressures in its natural habitat--the Atlantic coastal forests of southeastern Brazil--the muriquis are confined to less than three percent of their original range. There are now only a dozen forest fragments known to support a total muriqui population of about 500 individuals. This book traces the natural history of the muriqui from its scientific discovery in 1806 to its current, highly endangered status. The book provides a case study of this scientifically important primate species by balancing field research and ecological issues. Through Strier’s accessible presentation, readers gain a broad understanding of primate behaviour and tropical conservation. The book also gives a practical account of how to set up and pursue an in-depth longitudinal study of an animal population, while describing the excitement of gaining first the muriquis’trust and then insights into their lives. The author offers the unique perspective of a highly committed anthropologist who has devoted years to the observation of this unique species, while working to train students and to protect the muriquis’remaining forest habitats. The book will interest biologists, primatologists, and zoologists, as well as anyone concerned with conservation, ecology, and animal behaviour.
Introduction
Authors: Samuels Shirley 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This brief introduction presents a guide for reading the book-or perhaps a road map, since it points out locations rather more than it describes them in detail. Such details are amply provided by the chapters included here. What I want to set out are some provisional possibilities concerning the use of words like “culture” and “sentiment” and phrases like “race, gender, and sentimentality in nineteenth-century America.” I want to argue that in nineteenth century America sentimentality appears as a national project: in particular, a project about imagining the nation’s bodies and the national body.
Tender Violence: Literary Eavesdropping, Domestic Fiction, and Educational Reform
Authors: Wexler Laura 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Upstairs, a long time ago, she had cried, standing on the bare floorboards in the front bedroom just after we moved to this house in Streatham Hill in 1951, my baby sister in her carry-cot. We both watched the dumpy retreating figure of the health visitor through the curtainless windows. The woman had said: “This house isn’t fit for a baby.” And then she stopped crying, my mother, got by, the phrase that picks up after all difficulty (it says: it’s like this; it shouldn’t be like this; it’s unfair; I’ll manage): “Hard lines, eh, Kay?” (Kay was the name I was called at home, my middle name, one of my father’s names).
The Identity of Slavery
Authors: Samuels Shirley 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The uncertain status of the body in slavery discourse may be evoked by two images from the cultural history of slavery. The first is the female “topsy-turvy doll” popular in the nineteenth-century American South (and still produced). Held one way, the doll appears as a white woman with long skirts. Flipping over her skirts does not reveal her legs, but rather exposes another racial identity: the head of a black woman, whose long skirts now cover the head of the white woman.1 This visual and physical change from white to black and black to white appears also in a second form of popular representation, Lydia Maria Child’s 1831 children’s story “Mary French and Susan Easton,” in which two little girls, one white and one black, are kidnaped and sold into slavery. The white girl has been disguised; she appears black, but her tears gradually dissolve this surface identity, revealing the white body beneath the black surface, and she is restored to her family. Her friend’s tears cannot accomplish a similar miracle: because they do not change her surface identity, she is left in slavery.2
Sympathy as Strategy in Sedgwick’s Hope Leslie
Authors: Nelson Dana 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In her 1860 article “How Should Women Write?” Mary Bryan traces women’s growing involvement in literary fields. It is in response to men’s demand “for intellectual food through the length and breadth of the land; ... they want books for every year, for every month-mirrors to ‘catch the manners living as they rise,’ lenses to concentrate the rays of the new stars that dawn upon them.” Woman, responding as always to man’s call, “steps forward to take her part in the intellectual labor,” but then is strangely hindered by the qualms of the male establishment. Bryan incisively chronicles the dilemma of women writers in nineteenth-century America: Thus is apparent what has gradually been admitted, that it is woman’s duty to write-but how and what? This is yet a mooted question. Men, after much demur and hesitation, have given women liberty to write; but they cannot yet consent to allow them full freedom .... With metaphysics[women] have nothing to do; it is too deep a sea for their lead to sound; nor must they grapple with those great social and moral problems with which every strong soul is now wrestling Having prescribed these bounds to the female pen, men are the first to condemn her efforts as tame and commonplace, because they lack earnestness and strength.
The Results from the Negative Hypothesis
Authors: Meinwald Constance C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the present chapter I will complete the project of showing how Parmenides’ demonstration works a an instance of the new exercise as I understand it. We will now consider the four sections of argument devoted to deriving consequences from the negative hypothesis: if The One is not. These sections are themselves brief and can be dealt with succinctly. Their brevity and their results in fact support certain ideas I had begun to develop earlier. As we will see, the extremely elliptical form of some of the arguments here is strong inducement to accept the notion that later sections are relying on the results of earlier ones. The other main idea that will receive support concerns not the procedure of the exercise but its import the results from the negative hypothesis complete the introduction of The One as a principle, that is, something without which nothing else can even be thought of, and which is itself not to be understood in terms of other things.
Physical Aspects of Receptor/ Ligand Binding and Trafficking Processes
Authors: Lauffenburger Douglas A , Linderman Jennifer J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the previous two chapters, receptor/ligand binding and trafficking processes were treated as essentially chemical phenomena. That is, the rate constants representing the various kinetic events were considered to be characteristics of the particular molecular components involved. Although this is true to a large degree, receptor/ligand interactions are not governed totally by purely intrinsic chemical properties. Merely physical features of the systems can .sometimes significantly influence observed process rates. Examples of such physical aspects include molecular transport (primarily diffusion), receptor and/or ligand multivalency (i.e., the ability to bind via more than one site), and probabilistic effects due to relatively small numbers of cell receptors. Hence, the rates of receptor/ligand binding and trafficking events can depend on quantities such as diffusion coefficients, valence, and receptor number. Although these quantities certainly reflect some characteristics of the molecular components involved, they are much less intimately related to molecular structure that might be altered dramatically by small changes in protein sequence. We will consider them as physical aspects of the system, at least for purposes of classification.
Factors Affecting Control With Residual Insecticide Deposits
Authors: Rust Michael K 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One of the principal means of controlling German cockroaches is the use of inorganic and organic insecticides. Some insecticides are formulated to kill on direct contact (e.g., aerosols, fumigants or fogs, Chapter 6) or after ingestion (e.g., baits, Chapter 10) whereas others, formulated for application as aerosols, liquid sprays or dusts, are designed to be picked up from surfaces by cockroaches sometime after application (commonly referred to as “residual” insecticides, Chapter 6). Some insecticides applied to surfaces may kill them for up to several months after the insecticide has been applied. Advantages of applying residual insecticides are that not all surfaces in infested areas need to be treated. Specific sites such as cracks, crevices and voids can be treated so that cockroaches will encounter the deposits while foraging or moving about infested premises, and nymphs hatching from oothecae may subsequently encounter the deposits. Importantly, these sites can be selected, and carefully treated, so as to minimize human exposure to insecticide residues while maximizing cockroach exposure. Many insecticides are applied at rates equivalent to 150-1291 mg active ingredient (AI) per square meter (14-120 mg AIJft2) of treated surface, even though only nanograms of toxicant are usually required under controlled laboratory conditions to kill each insect. This problem is not limited to only urban situations. Graham-Bryce (1977) reported only 0.02 to 6.0% efficiency of insecticides applied to crops such as field beans, barley and wheat. Why is it necessary to apply such large amounts of insecticide to kill cockroaches in urban settings? What factors contribute to the apparent loss in insecticidal activity in the field, when compared with results in the laboratory? A number of the factors which impact the field performance of residual insecticide application will be examined in this chapter.
Inorganic Insecticides and Dusts
Authors: Ebeling Walter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Before and during World War II, structural pest control depended largely on inorganic compounds for control of cockroaches. Most commonly used were the boron and fluorine compounds, mainly borax, boric acid and sodium fluoride, which were applied as dusts1. Some inorganics, such as thallium sulfate, arsenic and phosphorus, were used in baits (see Chapter 10).
Particles And Waves
Authors: Achinstein Peter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This volume brings together six published and two new essays by the noted philosopher of science, Peter Achinstein. It represents the culmination of his examination of methodological issues that arise in nineteenth-century physics. He focuses on the philosophical problem of how, if at all, is it possible to confirm scientific hypotheses that postulate `unobservables’ such as light waves, molecules, and electrons? This question is one that not only was of great interest to nineteenth-century physicists and methodologists, but continues to occupy philosophers of science up to the present day.
The Word in Black and White
Authors: Nelson Dana D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Nelson provides a study of the ways in which white American authors constructed `race' in their works from the time of the first colonists up to the period of the Civil War. She focuses on some eleven texts, including The Last of the Mohicans, Melville's Benito Cereno, and Harriet Jacobs's Incident in the Life of a Slave Girl.
Ultrastructure of Spermatozoa
Authors: Mortimer David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Assessment of sperm morphology at the light microscopic level can provide only limited information on the internal structure of the spermatozoa inferred from differential cytochemical reactions and affinities for the various stains. More detailed examination of sperm structure using the transmission electron microscope or scanning electron microscope can reveal major, often unsuspected, abnormalities. Using such a high-resolution technique has revealed that spermatozoa considered to be morphologically abnormal at the light microscopic level possess, in addition, many subtle defects of one or more region of the cell. However, this situation also seems to be true for many of the spermatozoa considered morphologically normal at the light microscopic level.
Clinical Relevance of Diagnostic Procedures
Authors: Mortimer David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Numerous instances of fertility despite one or more abnormal semen characteristics and the many occasions where semen analysis and all other factors seem normal yet the couple remains infertile testify to the inadequacy of the traditional ‘descriptive’ approach for predicting an individual’s fertility potential. Because the major part of the spermatozoon’s functional life is spent in the female reproductive tract, descriptive semen analysis clearly cannot be expected to provide all the answers. Obviously, an assessment of a suspected infertile man’s reproductive potential must incorporate some evaluation of the various processes that take place between ejaculation and conception in the relative inaccessibility of the female tract. This chapter discusses the availability, limitations, and relevance of current laboratory procedures for the assessment of human sperm function or functional potential.
Virgin Or Vamp
Authors: Benedict Helen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Sex-related crimes such as rape and rape-murder are popular fodder for the print press. They lend themselves to huge, racy headlines (as in the recent trial of William Kennedy Smith), and they sell papers. Yet little attention has been paid to how the print press tends to cover such crimes. This book examines recent cases and exposes the myths and assumptions of the press. The author has interviewed reporters who covered the trials, questioning them about their use of language (and thus revealing the biases inherent in the words they choose), and the result is a study of how sex-crime news is made and reported. Benedict focuses on four cases: The Greta Rideout case in 1979, the first marital rape case to reach trial; the New Bedford gang rape in 1983; the Chambers/Levin case in Central Park; and the Central Park jogger case. She chose these cases not only because they were the most nationally prominent in the decade, and therefore the most talked about, but because each symbolizes a critical element in public opinion of sex crime cases. Rideout brought up questions over the basic rights of husbands and wives; the New Bedford case became notorious for its ethnic conflicts; Levin brought up issues of class; and the Central Park jogger cases revolved around race. Marrage, ethnicity, class, and race are revealing windows through which to examine public attitude toward crime and toward women. Benedict also discusses the history of media reporting on sex crimes, and debunks long-held myths about the nature of sex crimes.
Introduction
Authors: Greenawalt Kent 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Is law objective? This question generates argument and confusion. Radically different conceptions of law, of social life, and of human understanding produce the argument. Exaggerations contribute to the confusion, but a major cause is ambiguity. There are many questions about the objectivity of law, and some are closely related to others. Unless two people happen to begin with the same problem in mind, initial clarification and analysis is needed for useful discussion. Perhaps “objective” has become so unclarifying and controversial a label, we would do better to find another vocabulary, or diligently limit ourselves to the other labels that already exist. Indeed, this study suggests other appropriate phrases to distill competing positions. But whatever would be most desirable conceptually, many questions about law have often been put in the language of objectivity.
Wallace Stevens
Authors: Longenbach James 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
“Closely reasoned, clearly recited, Mr. Longenbach’s purposes are severe and designed: he would read Stevens with the undistracted assumption that, as the poet said at the end, ‘there is a conflict, there is a resistance involved.’ This comes to no less, and no worse, than proposing against the three famous stipulations for a Supreme Fiction (pleasure, change, abstraction), three ulterior demands for responses to pain, sameness, plain sense. Ransacking (and often overruling) a whole library of critics and biographers, though always with amenity, Longenbach tenably proposes a Stevens on the wrong side of Paradise, and reminds us as he proceeds that we now read our greatest (twentieth-century American) poet as we have learned to read Dante, against the grain of his ideas and his time, treasuring, at last, the contingencies we once thought it was such a glory to transcend. Per astra ad ardua.”
Writing War Poetry
Authors: Longenbach James 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Even as the war aroused Pound’s ambitions and he began planning the Cantos, he lamented in “1915: February” that the war “will make me no sagas.” The question was not only whether this modern war would support epic heroism but whether the modern war poet could adapt his lyric sensibility to an epic subject. Although he did not feel the conflict of love poetry and war poetry, lyric and epic, so acutely as Pound did, Stevens’s “Phases” reveals a similar hostility toward poets who would turn the Great War into fodder for poetry.
The Causes of Molecular Evolution
Authors: Gillespie John H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This work provides a unified theory that addresses the important problem of the origin and maintenance of genetic variation in natural populations. With modern molecular techniques, variation is found in all species, sometimes at astonishingly high levels. Yet the forces that maintain variation within and between species have been difficult subjects of study. Because they act very weakly and operate over vast time scales, scientists must rely on indirect inferences and speculative mathematical models. The author's research in molecular genetics, evolution, and bio-mathematics has enabled him to draw on his work, and present a coherent and valuable view of the field. The book is divided into three parts. The first addresses protein evolution, DNA evolution, and molecular mechanisms, reviewing the experimental observations on genetic variation. The second gives a unified treatment of the mathematical theory of selection in a fluctuating environment. The final section combines the earlier assessments in a treatment of the scientific status of two competing theories for the maintenance of genetic variation.
The Meaning of Autonomy in Long-Term Care
Authors: Lidz Charles W , Fischer Lynn , Arnold Robert M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Over the last fifteen years, health care ethicists have focused increasingly on the notion of autonomy. Until the 1960s the dominant (and perhaps only) values in discussions of health care ethics were beneficence and nonmaleficence. The Hippocratic Oath succinctly summarizes this view, enjoining physicians “to help or at least to do no harm.” Professionals were to restore the patient’s health or, if this was not possible, at least to prevent further pain, suffering, or disability. This view of ethics required health care professionals to promote the patient’s best interest as interpreted from the health care professional’s perspective. According to this view, the job of professionals is to use their knowledge to weigh the costs and benefits of available therapies and to determine which treatments are in the patient’s “best interests.” Beneficence required professionals to act in accordance with their expert judgments, rather than making decisions based on the patient’s assessment of what is in her best interest. In nursing homes this leads to an emphasis on the individual’s physical well-being.
Quantitative Micro- In Situ Hybridization
Authors: Yeralan Olcay , Zhang ShuXing , Rovnaghi Cynthia R , Griffin W Sue T 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In situ hybridization has emerged as a powerful tool for determining the cellular origin of mRNAs that encode specific proteins. Such localization has been especially useful in characterizing the regulation of protein expression in specific cell types in the brain where a relatively small population of cells may provide all of a particular protein. In situ hybridization is preferred over Northern analysis if only a small amount of tissue is available, a mixed population of cells is tested, or the mRNA of interest is expressed in limited numbers of cells. In situ hybridization was first used for determining the levels of ribosomal RNA in cells (Gall and Pardue, 1969) but has been used most often for detection and semiquantitation of specific mRNAs at the light microscopic level (Griffin et al., 1985).
Stock Productivity and Surplus Production
Authors: Quinn II Terrance J , Deriso Richard B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Much of fish population dynamics focuses on harvesting. Given the latent productivity of a population (defined formally below), it is of interest to determine what surplus is available for harvesting, after replenishment of the population through recruitment and fish growth and diminishment of the population through natural mortality. In dealing with dynamics under harvesting, we use one concept of a stock being the aggregate of a population that can be managed as a discrete unit. In commercial fisheries, stock size and amount of harvest are often given in units of weight. Thus, our development refers to stock biomass as the weight of all fish in the stock and yield as the weight of fish harvested in aggregate. As we introduce more complex features into population models, we will return to the term “population.”
Relocations and Dismutations
Authors: Holmes Frederic Lawrence 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
While Hans Krebs returned from Palestine to an England in which he felt increasingly at home, his brother and sister were still seeking to leave a Germany that felt less and less like home. Wolfs setback with General Electric in Birmingham was particularly distressing to his family, because his prospects there had sounded so favorable and because the company had kept him dangling for four months. Late in April, Lise, worried again about her youngest brother, wondered what would become of him. “Every day,” she wrote Hans, “the possibilities for leaving here and settling elsewhere become worse.” As usual, however, the family underestimated the advantages that Wolfs engineering successes had brought him.
Proserpine and Midas: Gender, Genre, and Mythic Revisionism in Mary Shelley’s Dramas
Authors: Richardson Alan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 1820 Mary Shelley began studying Greek. The previous year she had been at work transcribing the manuscript (now lost) of Prometheus Unbound, Percy Shelley’s revisionist response to Aeschylean drama. Now, in the midst of her Greek studies, she wrote two revisionist mythological dramas of her own, Proserpine, which she eventually published in the Winter’s Wreath for 1832, and Midas, which apparently remained in manuscript until 1922. Both works were written in partial collaboration with Percy, who supplied two lyrics for each; as a result, Mary Shelley’s plays have held a marginal reputation among critics who, more interested in the poetry of her husband, have seen them (to the disparagement of her other works) as catching “something of the pure Shelleyan limpidity.”
Between Whom, or What, Does Inequality Obtain?
Authors: Temkin Larry S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this chapter I want to consider an issue raised by Dennis McKerlie in a fascinating article called “Equality and Time.”1 Roughly, the issue is whether the proper unit of egalitarian concern should be people’s lives, taken as a whole, or selected portions of their lives. As we will see, this is yet another area where I think there is a generally accepted, unexamined view, which on reflection is fraught with difficulties. Unfortunately, it is also yet another area where I must content myself with illuminating some problems rather than solving them.