bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PREDICTION OF BIRTH WEIGHT BY ULTRASOUND MEASUREMENTS OF THE FETUS
Authors: Campogrande M. , Todros Tullia , Brizzolara Maria 
Published: August 2005

SummaryFetal biparietal diameter, transverse thoracic diameter, abdominal circumference and area were measured by ultrasound in 50 pregnant women at term not more than 48 hours before delivery. Multiple regressions correlating birth weight with all these parameters were obtained and estimated birth weight (calculated from the regressions) was compared with the actual birth weight. The error in prediction was under 200 g in 56 per cent, under 300 g in 66 per cent and under 400 g in 84 per cent of patients when all fetal measurements were used. It was under 200 g in 48 per cent, under 300 g in 66 per cent and under 400 g in 74 per cent when only the abdominal area was used; and it was under 200 g in 46 per cent, under 300 g in 56 per cent and under 400 g in 82 per cent when the abdominal circumference alone was used. Biparietal diameter and transverse thoracic diameter alone were not useful in predicting birth weight.
SERUM OESTROGENS AND PROGESTERONE IN MOTHER AND INFANT AT DELIVERY
Authors: Antonipillai Indra , Murphy Beverley E. Pearson 
Published: August 2005

summaryWhereas maternal venous levels of progesterone and oestrogens have been studied intensively in relation to parturition, little attention has been directed to fetal levels. In this study progesterone, oestrone (El), oestradiol (E2) and oestriol (E3) were measured in umbilical artery (UA) and umbilical vein (UV) serum at vaginal delivery (after induced or spontaneous onset of labour) and at elective Caesarean section. At least 14 samples were included in each group. All UV serum steroid levels were consistently higher than UA serum steroid levels. Cord serum levels of progesterone and arterio‐venous differences were higher at vaginal delivery than at Caesarean section although maternal levels changed little. El and E2 levels were similar after spontaneous labour and at Caesarean section but were higher (P<0·05) after induced labour although E3 levels did not alter. El and E2 were higher and progesterone lower in primiparae than in multiparae. Fetal sex made no differences. These results suggest that induction of labour with oxytocin results in altered fetal hormone levels, that maternal hormone levels provide a poor reflection of fetal changes, and that current views about the mechanism of the onset of labour in animals may not be appropriate for man.
A CLINICO‐PATHOLOGICAL STUDY OF GONADOBLASTOMA
Authors: Govan A. D. T. , Woodcock A. S. , Woodcock A. S. , Langley F. A. , Neville A. M. , Anderson M. C. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe clinico‐pathological features of 12 patients with a gonadoblastoma are analyzed.
THE EFFECT OF ALTERING THYROID HORMONE CONCENTRATIONS ON PLASMA GONADOTROPHINS IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN
Authors: Taylor M. A. R. , Chapman C. , Hayter C. J. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryPlasma gonadotrophin levels were measured at frequent intervals in six post‐menopausal thyrotoxic women treated with carbimazole. All patients showed an increasing follicle stimulating hormone/luteinizing hormone (FSH/LH) ratio as the thyroid hormone concentrations fell to normal and then into the hypothyroid range. Although the increased FSH/LH ratio was primarily due to a rise of FSH, two patients had a rise of both gonadotrophins. It is suggested that menstrual irregularities occurring in premenopausal women with disorders of thyroid metabolism may be related to similar changes.
PLASMA LEVELS OF PREGNANCY‐SPECIFIC β1‐GLYCOPROTEIN IN COMPLICATED PREGNANCIES
Authors: Towler C. M. , Horne C. H. W. , Jandial V. , Campbell Doris M. , MacGillivray I. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryMaternal plasma levels of the trophoblast product, pregnancy‐specific β1‐glycoprotein (PSβG), have been measured both in normal pregnancies and in pregnancies complicated by pre‐eclampsia and/or fetal growth retardation. PSβG levels correlate significantly with placental and fetal weight and fall below the normal range in about 60 per cent of all patients with fetal growth retardation. PSβG measurements appear to give a considerably better indication of fetal size than measurements of either human placental lactogen (HPL) or plasma oestriol.
VAGINAL ADMINISTRATION OF A SINGLE DOSE OF 16, 16 DIMETHYL PROSTAGLANDIN E2 p‐BENZALDEHYDE SEMICARBAZONE ESTER FOR PRE‐OPERATIVE CERVICAL DILATATION IN FIRST TRIMESTER NULLIPARAE
Authors: Karim S. M. M. , Ratnam S. S. , Prasad R. N. V. , Wong Y. M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA single pessary containing 0·5 mg 16,16 dimethyl prostaglandin E2 p‐benzaldehyde semicarbazone ester was used for cervical dilatation prior to vacuum aspiration in 124 first trimester nulliparae. Five hours after prostaglandin administration the cervix had dilated to 8 mm or more in 87 patients (70 per cent). The uterus was evacuated in these patients without mechanical dilatation of the cervix. In the remaining 37 patients the cervix had become soft and dilated 5 to 7 mm and further mechanical dilatation could be carried out easily. Side effects were minor and included vomiting in two patients, diarrhoea in one and transient pyrexia in two patients. There were no complications and no damage to the cervix or uterus during evacuation.
MATERNAL PLASMA GLUCOSE AND FREE FATTY ACID CONCENTRATIONS RELATED TO INFANT BIRTH WEIGHT
Authors: Treharne I. A. L. , Sutherland H. W. , Stowers J. M. , Ross I. S. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA new and specific method is used for the measurement of plasma free fatty acids (FFA) in pregnancy. Fasting plasma FFA and glucose concentrations were measured serially in twenty normal and twelve overweight women in pregnancy and related to infant birth weight. Large variation between individuals was noted for FFA and no change was found with advancing gestation. Studies of the day‐to‐day variation in the same women at 20 and 36 weeks gestation showed wide variations in concentrations. No significant change in glucose concentration was noted with advancing gestation, but postnatal values were significantly higher. Small variability of glucose concentrations was noted in both the serial and day‐to‐day studies. In normal‐weight women a positive correlation between the observed birth weight of their infants and the fasting plasma glucose levels was found at 20 and 40 weeks and also with the mean of 5 levels measured in pregnancy. No similar correlation was found for the group of overweight women.
FETAL HEART RATE MONITORING DURING CAESAREAN SECTION
Authors: Taylor A. B. W. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe fetal heart rate was monitored during 30 deliveries by Caesarean section. General anaesthesia, but not epidural analgesia, caused a loss of beat‐to‐beat variation, but appeared to have no other adverse effects on fetal heart rate. The loss of beat‐to‐beat variation occurred after intravenous thiopentone and was most marked when atropine was used as premedication.
ALPHA‐FETOPROTEIN LEVELS IN PREGNANCIES COMPLICATEED BY GASTROINTESTINAL ABNORMALITIES OF THE FETUS
Authors: Clarke P. C. , Gordon Y. B. , Kitau M. J. , Chard T. , McNeal A. D. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryAlpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) levels have been measured in maternal serum and amniotic fluid in a variety of gastrointestinal abnormalities of the fetus. Maternal serum AFP levels were consistently elevated in abdominal wall defects of the fetus after 15 weeks gestation and the amniotic fluid levels were raised in 3 of the 4 patients measured. In atresia of the gastrointestinal tract and diaphragmatic hernia, serum AFP levels were usually normal unless there was an associated neural tube defect or multiple pregnancy, although the majority were not measured between 15 and 26 weeks gestation. If elevated amniotic fluid levels of AFP are used in the decision to terminate pregnancy on the assumption of a probable neural tube defect of the fetus, a proportion of terminations will be performed because of abdominal wall defects of the fetus.
ARTERIAL BLOOD GASES IN PRE‐ECLAMPSIA
Authors: Templeton A. A. , Kelman G. R. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryArterial blood gases, physiological dead space and percentage pulmonary venous admixture (physiological shunt) were measured in 31 patients with proteinuric pre‐eclampsia. There was no difference in pulmonary function in 22 patients with moderate pre‐eclampsia when compared with normal pregnancy, but in 9 patients with severe pre‐eclampsia, there was a significant increase in alveolar‐to‐arterial Po2 difference and physiological shunt, indicating a degree of pulmonary ventilation/perfusion imbalance. There was no accompanying hypoxaemia, suggesting that the impairment was of no clinical importance.
TREATMENT OF RECURRENT PREGNANCY HYPERTENSION BY PROPHYLACTIC ANTICOAGULATION
Authors: Valentine B. H. , Baker J. L. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA patient is described who had two pregnancies complicated by severe preeclampsia in the second trimester which resulted in intrauterine death. During the third pregnancy anticoagulant therapy with warfarin was instituted at 14 weeks gestation and a healthy female infant was delivered at 38 weeks gestation.
EPIDURAL ANALGESIA DURING LABOUR IN TWIN PREGNANCY
Authors: Jaschevatzky O. E. , Shalit A. , Levy Y. , Günstein S. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryWe report on the use of epidural analgesia during labour in 58 out of a total of 234 twin deliveries performed over a five‐year period. A comparable control group consisted of 44 twin pregnancies delivered consecutively during the year preceding the introduction of epidural analgesia into our department. Epidural analgesia shortened the mean time of labour and made possible the performance of all necessary instrumental and obstetrical manoeuvres, without additional anaesthesia or adverse effects on the second twin. The epidural group required oxytocin more often due to an increased incidence of hypotonic uterine dysfunction. There was also a considerable increase of instrumental deliveries in the epidural group. The condition of the newborn infants of both groups, evaluated by Apgar score at one minute, was similar, but there was a higher perinatal mortality among pre‐term infants delivered under epidural analgesia. Epidural analgesia was found to be an acceptable method of relieving pain in twin labour, but because of the increased necessity to use oxytocin and the relatively high perinatal mortality observed among pre‐term infants, further experience is necessary before it can be claimed that this is the method of choice for relief of pain in twin labour.
CORRELATION BETWEEN THROMBOPLASTIC ACTIVITY AND LECITHIN/SPHINGOMYELIN RATIO IN AMNIOTIC FLUID PRELIMINARY REPORT
Authors: Yaffe H. , Bar‐On H. , Eldor A. , Ron M. , Sadovsky E. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe thromboplastic activity of amniotic fluid was correlated with the lecithin sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio in 59 pregnancies. It was shown that the thromboplastic activity and the L/S ratio in amniotic fluid had a coefficient of correlation of r =−0.73 (P<0.004). The thromboplastic activity was estimated by a modified method for prothrombin time, and a time of 113 seconds appeared to correspond to an L/S ratio of 2, in that it was the borderline between maturity and immaturity of the fetal lungs. Thirty women were delivered within 24 hours of a sample of amniotic fluid being obtained. In the three patients whose babies developed the respiratory distress syndrome, the thromboplastic activity was estimated as being slower than 113 seconds.
PREGNANCY FOLLOWING METERGOLINE TREATMENT IN A PATIENT WITH HYPERPROLACTINAEMIA
Authors: Crosignani P. G. , Reschini E. , Peracchi M. , D'Alberton A. , Lombroso G. C. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA 33‐year‐old woman who had had amenorrhoea and galactorrhoea for ten years and had hyperprolactinaemia was treated with metergoline, a serotonin antagonist. There was a marked decrease in plasma prolactin levels. After two months, ovulation and pregnancy occurred. This is the first such report.
HOME AND HOSPITAL CONFINEMENT IN NEWCASTLE UPON TYNE, 1960 TO 1969
Authors: Barron S. L. , Thomson A. M. , Philips P. R. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryDuring the decade 1960 to 1969, perinatal mortality rates in Newcastle upon Tyne fell in parallel with national trends, in association with a marked reduction of domiciliary midwifery. Analysis of the records of women booked for confinement at home or in specialist hospitals showed that the reduction of mortality occurred with unexpected uniformity in both categories, in low risk as well as high risk patients, and in all causes of mortality except congenital malformations. It could not be attributed to improvements in maternal characteristics nor to increased size of babies at birth. The most probable explanation seems to be a combination of many improvements in the quality of care, with increased awareness of risks, better selection of high‐risk groups, and improved supervision and management throughout. There is no indication that any single factor in obstetric management, such as more intervention during labour, had a dominant effect.
A MULTIFACTORIAL SURVEY OF NEONATAL JAUNDICE
Authors: Jeffares M. J. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryConcern about a neonatal jaundice rate of 8·6 per cent prompted a retrospective survey of 981 full term infants. There was a highly significant association between increased oxytocin dosage and neonatal jaundice in induced labours. A significant association was also demonstrated between neonatal jaundice and both breastfeeding and minor infections. No association was demonstrated between neonatal jaundice and the method of delivery or birth weight. The results of the survey suggest that while oxytocin in high doses should be used with caution, the benefits obtained from the drug outweigh the risk of hyperbilirubinaemia which it may cause.
INTERCELLULAR SPACES AND CELL JUNCTIONS IN ENDOMETRIAL GLANDS: THEIR POSSIBLE ROLE IN MENSTRUATION
Authors: Davie R. , Hopwood D. , Levison D. A. 
Published: August 2005

summaryIntercellular spaces and cell junctions in human endometrial glands were studied by electron microscopy following different methods of fixation. The size of the spaces, known to alter during the cycle, was found to depend also on the method of fixation. Various intrusive cells and different types of cell debris were seen in these spaces. The three most widely recognized cell junctions (desmosomes, tight junctions and gap junctions), were all most abundant near the cell apices. The possible significance of these findings in elucidating the cellular mechanism of menstruation is discussed.
FETAL HEART RATE RESPONSES TO FETAL MOVEMENTS
Authors: Aladjem S. , Feria A. , Rest J. , Stojanovic J. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA classification of fetal heart rate (FHR) responses to fetal movements is based on the study of 210 hours of antepartum cardiotocographic tracings in clinically normal pregnant patients between 30 and 42 weeks gestation. The physiological mechanisms underlying the FHR responses to fetal movement are discussed.
FETAL ARRHYTHMIA DURING PREGNANCY AND LABOUR
Authors: Komáromy B. , Gaál J. , Lampé L. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe significance of fetal arrhythmia presenting during pregnancy and labour has been examined in 68 patients. The different types of rhythm disorders diagnosed included 61 extrasystoles, 6 atrioventricular blocks and 1 auricular fibrillation. Extrasystoles were not associated with acidosis or organic cardiac disease. Atrioventricular block, though not associated with fetal hypoxia, was occasionally associated with congenital cardiac failure.
METABOLIC EFFECTS OF SALBUTAMOL INFUSION DURING PREMATURE LABOUR
Authors: Thomas D. J. B. , Dove A. F. , Alberti K. G. M. M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryPlasma electrolytes, glucose and insulin concentrations were measured and serial electrocardiograms performed during the intravenous infusion of salbutamol to five women in premature labour. The plasma potassium (mean±standard error) fell from 3·5±0·l to 2·7±0·l mmol/l, and the glucose and insulin rose by 4·2±0·7 mmol/l (72·13 mg/100 ml) and 26·5 mU/l respectively. The maximum fall in potassium, and the rise in glucose and insulin occurred two hours after starting the infusion. No changes in other electrolytes were found. Electrocardiograms showed no signs of hypokalaemia. Highest pulse rates (148·4 beats per minute) occurred at two hours but no arrhythmias were observed.
OUTPATIENT TERMINATION OF PREGNANCY
Authors: Fllshie G. M. , Sanders R. R. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryTermination of pregnancy was performed under local anaesthesia as an outpatient procedure on 251 patients. The gestational ages ranged from 5 to 12 weeks. Either the portable Karman curette equipment or the syringe kits were used. The incidence of complications was low. Only 6 per cent of patients would have preferred general anaesthesia. The optimal gestational age at which to terminate pregnancies appeared to be between 6 and 10 weeks. Ninety‐one per cent of patients used effective contraception after the termination.
EVACUATION OF RETAINED PRODUCTS OF CONCEPTION IN A TREATMENT ROOM AND WITHOUT GENERAL ANAESTHESIA
Authors: Fllshie G. M. , Sanders R. R. , O'Brien P. M. S. , Overton J. , Khattab T. , Oats J. J. N. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryOne hundred patients with an incomplete abortion, 14 patients with retained products of conception after a second trimester termination, 5 patients with missed abortion and 2 patients with secondary postpartum haemorrhages (making a total of 121 patients) had a uterine evacuation in a treatment room using the portable Karman curette equipment. No general anaesthesia was used but patients were given intravenous pethidine or papavaretum (Omnopon) and diazepam. Four patients found the procedure painful but only two of them would have preferred general anaesthesia. There were no immediate complications but three patients required re‐evacuation of the uterus.
MATERNAL PLASMA TESTOSTERONE LEVELS IN MOLAR PREGNANCY
Authors: Chew P. C. T. , Goh H. H. , Ratnam S. S. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryPlasma testosterone levels in 14 patients with intact molar pregnancy were found to be elevated compared to patients with normal pregnancies of corresponding gestation. The plasma testosterone concentration ranged from 2·0 to 8·4 ng/ml with a mean±SE of 5·2±0·5 ng/ml. After evacuation of the uterus, there was a significant fall in plasma testosterone levels which ranged from 1·6 to 5·9 ng/ml with a mean±SE of 3·2±0·3 ng/ml. The trophoblast might have been the source of extra testosterone in molar pregnancy.
EFFECT OF OVARIAN WEDGE RESECTION FOR THE STEIN‐LEVENTHAL SYNDROME ON PLASMA FSH, LH, OESTRADIOL AND TESTOSTERONE LEVELS AND ON THE RESPONSES OF THE PITUITARY TO INTRAVEN US LHRH
Authors: Valkov I. M. , Dokumov S. I. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryWe studied basal plasma FSH, LH, testosterone and oestradiol levels and post‐LHRH plasma FSH and LH levels in ten patients both before and after a wedge resection of the ovaries for Stein‐Leventhal syndrome. We compared the results with those obtained in 15 healthy patients between the third and seventh day of a normal menstrual cycle. Before operation, patients with the Stein‐Leventhal syndrome had raised basal and post‐LHRH LH levels and raised plasma testosterone levels. All these abnormalities disappeared after wedge resection of the ovaries. Both before and after operation patients with the Stein‐Leventhal syndrome had low plasma oestradiol levels. These results are used to formulate a hypothesis about the aetiology of the Stein‐Leventhal syndrome.
PREGNANCY COMPLICATED BY INSULINOMA
Authors: Rubens R. , Carlier A. , Thiery M. , Vermeulen A. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryAn insulinoma was excised during pregnancy. The tumor was located by radiography and severe hypoglycaemia made it necessary to administer diazoxide to the mother. The out come of the pregnancy was satisfactory. The rationale and risks of giving diazoxide in pregnancy are discussed.
PERFORATION OF THE SIGMOID COLON DURING PREGNANCY: A RARE COMPLICATION OF ENDOMETRIOSIS
Authors: Clement P. B. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryPerforation of the sigmoid colon in a 28‐year‐old woman during the 37th week of pregnancy is reported. There was almost complete replacement of the bowel wall by endometriotic tissue showing extensive decidualization of its stroma. This appears to be a very rare complication of endometriosis and the effects of pregnancy upon endometriosis are briefly reviewed.
PREGNANCY FOLLOWING BILATERAL UTERINE ARTERY LIGATION
Authors: Mitchell G. G. , Mellor S. , Burslem R. W. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA successful pregnancy following bilateral uterine artery ligation performed in an attempt to relieve dysfunctional menorrhagia is reported. Serial biparietal diameters showed a normal growth curve and the newborn infant weighed 2640 g. The patient was normotensive throughout the pregnancy. Prior to uterine artery ligation, she had had four pregnancies but there were no surviving children. It is suggested that uterine artery ligation may have a limited place in the management of patients with dysfunctional menorrhagia.
A SIMPLE AND SENSITIVE RADIOIMMUNOASSAY FOR PREGNANCY‐SPECIFIC β1‐GLYCOPROTEIN
Authors: Towler C. M. , Horne C. H. W. , Jandial V. , Chesworth J. M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA simple, sensitive and relatively rapid radioimmunoassay for pregnancy‐specific β1‐glycoprotein (PSβG) is described. The concentrations of PSβG in plasma from cord blood and in amniotic fluid were approximately 0·1 per cent and 1·0 per cent respectively of the maternal plasma levels. The amniotic fluid PS(3G levels in pregnancies associated with an anencephalic fetus were not significantly different from normal levels.
BLOOD COAGULATION STUDIES IN PREGNANT PATIENTS WITH INFECTIVE HEPATITIS
Authors: Dube B. , Bhattacharya Sulekha , Sinha V. N. , Pandey L. K. , Dube R. K. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryCoagulation studies were made on 22 pregnant women with acute infective hepatitis and on 15 normal control pregnant women in third trimester. Fourteen hapatitis patients had clinical evidence of liver failure and all of them had a haemorrhagic diathesis; none of the patients without liver failure showed clinical evidence of haemostatic defects. Coagulopathy was present in most patients, its severity being greater in those with hepatic failure. Significant alterations were observed in bleeding time, whole blood clotting time, prothrombin time, thrombin time, plasma fibrinogen and serum levels of fibrinogen degradation products. The last three disturbances were most frequent in patients with liver failure. Increased fibrinolysis and disseminated intravascular coagulation also appeared to play a contributory role, particularly in patients with hepatic failure.
CHARACTERISTICS OF NORMAL LABOUR AMONG DIFFERENT RACIAL GROUPS IN MALAYSIA
Authors: Lim M. A. , Wong W. P. , Sinnathuray T. A. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe characteristics of normal labour in 977 Malay, Chinese and Indian parturients were established from a retrospective study. Indian babies were found to be significantly smaller than Malay babies which were significantly smaller than Chinese babies (P≤0·05, P≤0·05). The mean duration of the first stage of labour taken from the time of admission to the labour ward was 3·4 hours in primiparae and 2·7 hours in multiparae. The mean durations of the second stage of labour were 23·7 minutes and 13·1 minutes respectively. Curves of mean dilatation of cervix and probit analysis at 80 per cent revealed significant differences in the progress of normal labour in primiparae among the three racial groups. The Indian primiparae not only had a slower rate of cervical dilatation but seemed to reach the accelerated phase of dilatation later. No significant differences were noticed in the labours of multiparae.