bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The CMRF58 antibody recognizes a subset of CD123hi dendritic cells in allergen-challenged mucosa
Authors: Vuckovic Slavica , Khalil Dalia , Angel Nicola , Jahnsen Frode , Hamilton Iona , Boyce Amanda , Hock Barry , Hart Derek N J 
Published: November 2004

AbstractCD123hi CD11c− dendritic cells (CD123hi DC) are a distinct subset of human DC present in bone marrow, blood, lymphoid organs, and peripheral tissues. Pathogen stimulation, cytokine, or CD40 ligation induces CD123hi DC maturation, involving a shift from their innate immune to cognate antigen-presenting functions. In this study, we revealed that blood CD123hi DC in the presence of cytokine (granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor and interleukin-3) undergo progressive, step-wise maturation through an “early” stage, delineated by expression of the antigen detected by the new monoclonal antibody CMRF58 (CD123hiCMRF58+CD40−CD86−CD83−) to the “late” stage with costimulatory antigen expression (CD123hiCMRF58+CD40+CD86+CD83+/−). In this early stage, cytokine-maintained CD123hi DC do not display changes in their morphology, no longer produce interferon-α (IFN-α) in response to bacteria, and develop the capacity to induce proliferation and polarization of allogeneic T cells. CD123hiCMRF58+ DC, phenotypically similar to in vitro cytokine-maintained CD123hi DC, were not detected in tonsil but are present in allergen-challenged nasal mucosa of allergic individuals. Thus, CD123hi DC in certain tissue environments such as allergen-challenged nasal mucosa share a common CD123hiCMRF58+ phenotype with in vitro cytokine-maintained blood CD123hi DC characterized by lack of IFN-α production.
Acute and transient psychotic disorders: precursors, epidemiology, course and outcome
Authors: Singh Swaran P. , Burns Tom , Amin Shazad , Jones Peter B. , Harrison Glynn 
Published: November 2004

BackgroundICD–10 has introduced the diagnostic group acute and transient psychotic disorders (ATPDs; F23). Aims To validate the nosological distinctiveness of ICD–10 ATPDs by following up an inception cohort with first-episode psychosis. Method All patients with first-episode psychosis identified in Nottingham between 1992 and 1994 and diagnosed using ICD–10 criteria were reassessed 3 years later. ATPD outcomes were compared with schizophrenia and affective psychosis. Multivariate analyses were conducted to determine whether acute onset and early remission predicted favourable 3-year outcome in first-episode psychosis. Results Of 168 cases of first-episode psychosis, 32 (19%) received an intake diagnosis of ATPD. The diagnosis of ATPD was stable in women over 3 years, but not in men. Outcomes in ATPD were better than in schizophrenia and similar to affective psychosis. In non-affective psychoses, favourable outcomes were a function of gender and premorbid functioning rather than acute onset and early remission. Conclusions The ICD–10 criteria for ATPDs identify a diagnostically unstable group of disorders. Acute onset and early remission do not independently predict favourable outcome over 3 years in first-episode psychosis.
Rates and predictors of mental illness in gay men, lesbians and bisexual men and women
Authors: Warner James , Mckeown Éamonn , Griffin Mark , Johnson Katherine , Ramsay Angus , Cort Clive , King Michael 
Published: November 2004

BackgroundThere is a dearth of research into the mental health of gay men, lesbians and bisexual men and women in the UK.AimsTo assess rates and possible predictors of mental illness in these groups.MethodA comprehensive assessment was made of the psychological and social well-being of a sample of gay men, lesbians and bisexual men and women, identified using ‘snowball’ sampling.ResultsOf the 1285 gay, lesbian and bisexual respondents who took part, 556 (43%) had mental disorder as defined by the revised Clinical Interview Schedule (CIS – R). Out of the whole sample, 361 (31%) had attempted suicide. This was associated with markers of discrimination such as recent physical attack (OR=l.7, 95% CI 1.3–2.3) and school bullying (OR=l.4, 95% CI 1.1–2.0), but not with higher scores on the CIS-R.ConclusionsGay, lesbian and bisexual men and women have high levels of mental disorder, possibly linked with discrimination.
Factor structure in the Camberwell Assessment of Need
Authors: Wennström Erik , Sörbom Dag , Wiesel Frits-Axel 
Published: November 2004

BackgroundIn order to define needs for care of people with severe mental illness, the Camberwell Assessment of Need (CAN) is focused on measuring personal and social functioning. However, previous studies of the CAN have given inconsistent results in terms of what variables are actually being measured.AimsTo investigate the factor structure of the CAN.MethodAssessments of 741 out-patients (mean age 45.5 years, 50% females) with severe mental illness (68% schizophrenia or other psychotic disorder) were used in an exploratory maximum likelihood factor analysis.ResultsSupport was found for a three-factor model, comprising 13 of the 22 variables in the CAN, with the factors corresponding to functional disability (7 variables), social loneliness (3 variables) and emotional loneliness (3 variables). The remaining variables did not load on any factor.ConclusionsExploratory factor analysis revealed three homogeneous dimensions in the CAN that may represent functional disability and two aspects of social health.
Meeting the unmet need for depression services with psycho-educational self-confidence workshops: preliminary report
Authors: Brown June S. L. , Elliott Sandra A. , Boardman Jed , Ferns Joe , Morrison Joanna 
Published: November 2004

BackgroundThe prevalence of depression has not fallen despite effective treatments being available.AimsTo examine the effectiveness of a psycho-educational intervention designed to be easily accessible.MethodLarge-scale, self-referral ‘How to improve your self-confidence’ workshops were run in a leisure centre at weekends. The day-long programme used a cognitive–behavioural approach. A randomised controlled trial design using waiting-list controls was employed. Three months after the workshop, results of workshop participants were compared with those of the waiting list control group.ResultsAmong 120 people who self-referred, 75% of participants had General Health Questionnaire scores of 3 and above. Over 39% had never previously consulted their general practitioners about their depression. At 3-month follow-up, members of the experimental group were significantly less depressed, less distressed and reported higher self-esteem.ConclusionsWorkshops were shown to be accessible and effective; a larger, more rigorous trial is now needed.
Temporal course of auditory hallucinations
Authors: Shergill Sukhwinder S. , Brammer Mick J. , Amaro Edson , Williams Steve C. R. , Murray Robin M. , Mcguire Phillip K. 
Published: November 2004

SummaryWe used functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine how brain activity associated with auditory verbal hallucinations in schizophrenia changed during hallucinatory events. Activation in the left inferior frontal and right middle temporal gyri was evident 6–9s before the person signalled the onset of the hallucination, whereas activation in the bilateral temporal gyri and the left insula coincided with the perception of the hallucination. This supports the hypothesis that during hallucinations activation in cortical regions mediating the generation of inner speech may precede the engagement of areas implicated in the perception of auditory verbal material.
Prevalence of personality disorder in the case-load of an inner-city assertive outreach team
Authors: Ranger Maja , Methuen Caroline , Rutter Deborah , Rao Bharti , Tyrer Peter 
Published: November 2004

Aims and MethodThe aim was to record the prevalence, type and severity of personality disorder dealt with by an inner-city outreach team. Patients on the register of an assertive outreach team were approached and asked to give informed consent for an informant interview with their principal worker to determine their personality status, using the informant-based ICD–10 version of the Personality Assessment Schedule.ResultsOf the 73 patients, 62 (85%) of whom had a psychotic diagnosis, 67 (92%) had at least one personality disorder, with 37 (51%) having complex or severe personality disorders.Clinical ImplicationsThe findings suggest that the National Service Framework requirements for assertive outreach teams tend to select many patients with comorbid personality disorder in addition to other severe psychiatric disorders.
Systematic Review Evaluating the Timing of Thoracic Radiation Therapy in Combined Modality Therapy for Limited-Stage Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Fried Daniel B. , Morris David E. , Poole Charles , Rosenman Julian G. , Halle Jan S. , Detterbeck Frank C. , Hensing Thomas A. , Socinski Mark A. 
Published: November 2004

Purpose We employed meta-analytic techniques to evaluate early (E) versus late (L) timing of thoracic radiation therapy (RT) in limited-stage small-cell lung cancer (LS-SCLC). In addition, we assessed the impact of radiation fractionation and chemotherapeutic regimen on timing. Methods Randomized trials published after 1985 addressing timing of RT relative to chemotherapy in LS-SCLC were included. Trials were analyzed by risk ratio (RR), risk difference, and number-needed-to-treat methods. Results Overall survival (OS) RRs for all studies were 1.17 at 2 years (95% CI, 1.02 to 1.35; P = .03) and 1.13 at 3 years (95% CI, 0.92 to 1.39; P = .2), indicating a significantly increased 2-year survival for ERT versus LRT patients and suggestive of a similar trend at 3 years. Subset analysis of studies using hyperfractionated RT revealed OS RR for ERT versus LRT of 1.44 (95% CI, 1.17 to 1.77; P = .001) and 1.39 (95% CI, 1.02 to 1.90; P = .04) at 2 and 3 years, respectively, indicating a survival benefit of ERT versus LRT. Studies using once-daily fractionation showed no difference in 2- and 3-year OS RRs for ERT compared with LRT. Studies using platinum-based chemotherapy had OS RRs of 1.30 (95% CI, 1.10 to 1.53; P = .002) and 1.35 (95% CI, 1.07 to 1.70; P = .01) at 2 and 3 years, respectively, favoring ERT. Studies using nonplatinum-based chemotherapy regimens had nonsignificant differences in OS. Conclusion A small but significant improvement in 2-year OS for ERT versus LRT in LS-SCLC was observed, similar to the benefit of adding RT to chemotherapy or prophylactic cranial irradiation. A greater difference was evident for hyperfractionated RT and platinum-based chemotherapy.
Allele 2 of the Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist Gene Is Associated With Early Gastric Cancer
Authors: Glas Jürgen , Török Helga-Paula , Schneider Agnes , Brünnler Günter , Kopp Reinhard , Albert Ekkehard D. , Stolte Manfred , Folwaczny Christian 
Published: November 2004

Purpose In advanced gastric cancer (tumor stages T2-T4), associations with polymorphisms of the interleukin-1 (IL-1) gene cluster have been made. In early-stage gastric cancer, which we defined as adenocarcinoma confined to the mucosa or submucosa (stage T1), the role of host genetic susceptibility remains to be determined. Patients and Methods Eighty-eight patients with early-stage gastric cancer (stage T1, 77 positive for Helicobacter pylori) and 145 controls were genotyped for polymorphisms in the IL-1 gene cluster and the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-A) gene. Statistical analysis was performed using the χ2 test and the Fisher's exact test, respectively. Results The homozygous genotype IL-1RN*2/2 of the IL-RN gene was strongly associated with early-stage gastric cancer (P < .0001), whereas further associations with the IL-1 gene cluster were not observed. A weak association of the TNF-A−308A allele with the diffuse type of early-stage gastric cancer, and an association with a composite of two or three proinflammatory polymorphisms, which predispose to increased production of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α, could also be demonstrated. Conclusion The genotype IL-1RN*2/2 seems to be associated with early-stage gastric cancer. As opposed to advanced-stage gastric cancer, further proinflammatory cytokine polymorphisms were not associated independently, but might act in combination and mirror early steps of gastric carcinogenesis in hosts colonized by Helicobacter pylori. However, these findings await confirmation in future trials and should be underscored by gene expression studies.
Randomized Multicenter Phase II Trial of Bolus Plus Infusional Fluorouracil/Leucovorin Compared With Fluorouracil/Leucovorin Plus Oxaliplatin As Third-Line Treatment of Patients With Advanced Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Kemeny Nancy , Garay Carlos A. , Gurtler Jayne , Hochster Howard , Kennedy Peter , Benson Al , Schwab Brandt Debra , Polikoff Jonathan , Wertheim Michael , Shumaker Grace , Hallman Doreen , Burger Brent , Gupta Sunil 
Published: November 2004

Purpose The addition of oxaliplatin to fluorouracil (FU) and leucovorin (LV) improves the outcome of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). This multicenter study evaluated FU/LV with or without oxaliplatin in patients with metastatic CRC after disease progression on sequential fluoropyrimidine and irinotecan. Patients and Methods Two hundred fourteen patients were randomly assigned to receive LV 200 mg/m2 intravenously (IV) and FU 400 mg/m2 IV bolus, followed by FU 600 mg/m2 IV over 22 hours on days 1 and 2, every 2 weeks (LV5FU2); or LV and FU as described, plus oxaliplatin 85 mg/m2 IV over 2 hours on day 1 of the schedule (FOLFOX4). The primary end point was overall response. Results Baseline characteristics were similar in the two treatment arms. Objective response (complete + partial) rates for LV5FU2 versus FOLFOX4 were 2% v 13% (P = .0027), respectively. Median time to disease progression was 2.4 v 4.8 months (P < .0001), and median survival was 11.4 v 9.9 months (P = .20) for LV5FU2 and FOLFOX4, respectively. Among the 72 patients who crossed over from LV5FU2 to FOLFOX4, 6% responded. Symptomatic improvement was significantly better for patients in the FOLFOX4 arm (32% v 18% for LV5FU2, P = .05). Grade 3/4 toxicities for LV5FU2 and FOLFOX4 were neutropenia (13% and 42%, respectively), diarrhea (6% and 16%, respectively), and overall neuropathy (0% and 6%, respectively). Conclusion In patients with metastatic CRC, the FOLFOX4 regimen was superior to LV5FU2 with a higher response rate and time to disease progression. FOLFOX4 is an effective regimen even after disease progression on two previous chemotherapy regimens with fluoropyrimidines and irinotecan.
Fluorouracil, Doxorubicin, and Streptozocin in the Treatment of Patients With Locally Advanced and Metastatic Pancreatic Endocrine Carcinomas
Authors: Kouvaraki Maria A. , Ajani Jaffer A. , Hoff Paulo , Wolff Robert , Evans Douglas B. , Lozano Richard , Yao James C. 
Published: November 2004

Purpose The role of systemic chemotherapy in the management of pancreatic endocrine carcinoma (islet cell carcinoma; PEC) is an area of considerable controversy. Response rates ranging from 6% to 69% have been reported for streptozocin-based chemotherapy. We retrospectively studied 84 patients with locally advanced or metastatic PEC who had been treated with fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and streptozocin (FAS) to determine the objective response rate, duration of progression-free survival (PFS), and duration of overall survival (OS). Patients and Methods Eligible patients had histologic or cytologic confirmation of their tumor and measurable disease on computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging scans. Response to treatment was evaluated in this study using the new international criteria proposed by the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors Committee. Results Sixty-one of the patients were male and 23 were female, with a median age of 54 years (range, 24 to 78 years). The response rate (RR) to FAS was 39%, with a median response duration of 9.3 months. The 2-year PFS rate was 41%, and the 2-year OS rate was 74%. The extent of liver metastatic disease correlated with a worse PFS (P = .01 by log-rank test) and a worse OS (P < .0001 by log-rank test). Analyses showed that metastatic replacement of more than 75% of the liver and prior chemotherapy were independently associated with inferior PFS. Conclusion Patients with locally advanced or metastatic PEC who are treated with FAS may have a reasonable RR, and responders may experience longer PFS and OS. The volume of metastases in the liver is the most important predictor of outcome.
Second-Line Chemotherapy With Irinotecan Plus Carmustine in Glioblastoma Recurrent or Progressive After First-Line Temozolomide Chemotherapy: A Phase II Study of the Gruppo Italiano Cooperativo di Neuro-Oncologia (GICNO)
Authors: Brandes Alba A. , Tosoni Alicia , Basso Umberto , Reni Michele , Valduga Francesco , Monfardini Silvio , Amistà Pietro , Nicolardi Linda , Sotti Guido , Ermani Mario 
Published: November 2004

Purpose Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most frequent brain tumor in adults, is not considered chemosensitive. Nevertheless, there is widespread use of first-line chemotherapy, often with temozolomide, as a therapeutic option in patients with progressive disease after surgery and radiotherapy. However, at the time of second recurrence and/or progression, active and noncross-resistant chemotherapy regimens are required. The aim of the present multicenter phase II trial, therefore, was to ascertain the efficacy of second-line carmustine (BCNU) and irinotecan chemotherapy. Patients and Methods Patients with histologically confirmed GBM, recurring or progressing after surgery, standard radiotherapy and a first-line temozolomide-based chemotherapy, were considered eligible. The primary end-point was progression-free survival at 6 months (PFS-6), and secondary end-points included response rate, toxicity, and survival. All patients were on enzyme-inducing antiepileptic prophylaxis. Chemotherapy consisted of BCNU (100 mg/m2 on day 1) plus irinotecan (175 mg/m2/weekly for 4 weeks), every 6 weeks, for a maximum of eight cycles. In the absence of grade 2 toxicity, the irinotecan dose was increased to 200 mg/m2. Results A total of 42 patients (median age, 53.4 years; median Karnofsky performance status, 80; range, 60 to 90) were included in the study. PFS-6 was 30.3% (95% CI, 18.5% to 49.7%). Median time to progression was 17 weeks (95% CI, 11.9 to 23.9). Nine partial responses (21.4%; 95% CI, 9% to 34%) were obtained. Toxicity was manageable. Conclusion The BCNU plus irinotecan regimen seems active and non–cross-resistant in patients with GBM with recurrence after temozolomide-based chemotherapy.
Recruitment of Patients Into an Internet-Based Clinical Trials Database: The Experience of OncoLink and the National Colorectal Cancer Research Alliance
Authors: Wei S.J. , Metz J.M. , Coyle C. , Hampshire M. , Jones H.A. , Markowitz S. , Rustgi A.K. 
Published: November 2004

Purpose In March 2001, the National Colorectal Cancer Research Alliance (NCCRA) and OncoLink ( http://www.oncolink.org ) established a database to facilitate patient enrollment onto clinical trials. This study describes the population registering with the database and identifies discrepancies between individuals registering through the Internet and those registering through a telephone call center. Methods Participants registered with the NCCRA/OncoLink database through the Internet or a telephone call center. All participants entering the database completed a questionnaire regarding basic demographics, colon cancer risk factors, and indicated how they became aware of the database. Comparisons were made between individuals registering through the Internet and those registering through the telephone call center. Results A total of 2,162 participants registered during the first 16 months of the database. Most patients registered through the Internet rather than the telephone call center (88% v 12%; P < .001). More females than males registered (73% v 27%; P < .001). The majority (89%) were white. Participants registering through the Internet were younger than those registering through the call center (mean, 48.8 v 55.0 years; P < .001). There was no difference between the two groups with regard to sex or ethnicity. Conclusion The Internet has the potential to increase the likelihood that interested individuals find appropriate clinical trials. Some of the discrepancies that are known to exist for access to the Internet were also seen for those registering with the database through the Internet. Despite these differences, the potential to increase clinical trial enrollment with this type of Internet-based database is high.
The influence of socio-economic and locational disadvantage on survival after a diagnosis of lung or breast cancer in Western Australia
Authors: Hall Sonĵa , Holman C D'Arcy , Sheiner Harry , Hendrie Delia 
Published: November 2004

Objectives The effects of demographic, locational and socio-economic disadvantage, and the influence of private health care on five-year mortality rates in patients with lung cancer or after breast cancer surgery in Western Australia were examined. Methods The Western Australian Record Linkage Project was used to extract all hospital morbidity, cancer and death records of all people with lung or breast cancer in Western Australia from 1982 to 1996. Mortality rate ratios after a diagnosis of lung cancer or breast cancer surgery were estimated using Cox regression. Two sets of analyses were carried out: demographically adjusted from 1982 to 1996; and demographically and disadvantage adjusted from 1992 to 1996. Results Overall, 87.7% of lung cancer and 17.8% of breast cancer patients were deceased by five years. Lung and breast cancer patients treated in rural hospitals had higher mortality rates (1992-1996: relative risk (RR) 1.24, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.07-1.44, and RR 1.20, 95% CI 0.92-1.56, respectively; 1982-1996: RR 1.20, 95% CI 1.11- 1.30, and RR 1.19, 95% CI 1.06-1.33, respectively), whereas location of residence had little effect. Lung and breast cancer patients treated in private hospitals had lower mortality (1992-1996: RR 0.85, 95% CI 0.76-0.95, and RR 0.90, 95% CI 0.77-1.05, respectively; 1982-1996: RR 0.91, 95% CI 0.84-0.97, and RR 0.92, 95% CI 0.85-0.99, respectively), although insurance status was not a factor. Women with breast cancer had significantly worse survival in the more socio-economically disadvantaged groups (1992-1996: RR 1.41 to 1.26; 1982-1996: RR 1.45 to 1.29). Conclusions Survival was poorer in patients treated in the public hospital system, but the possession of private health insurance was not predictive of better outcomes. People treated in rural hospitals had worse survival, whereas location of residence was not an independent factor. Women in more socio-economically advantaged groups who underwent breast cancer surgery had improved survival.