bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Hydrogen Content on Electrophysical Properties of Hydrogenated Titanium – Thermally Expanded Graphite Composites
Authors: Galstian Iryna , Mykhailova H. Yu. , Len E. G. , Yakymchuk M. M. , Dekhtyarenko V. A. , Werner J. , Shatnii T. D. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

The nanocomposites based on metals with carbon nanostructures can be used as cathode materials for low temperature thermionic converters. Such materials often have different electrophysical properties from their original components. The peculiarities of the changes in electrical conductivity of powder composites containing thermally expanded graphite (TEG) and hydrogenated titanium before and after hydrogen desorption are investigated, and the influence of hydrogen on their properties is determined. The effect of conductivity growth is found at low TEG concentration in composites with both hydrogenated and dehydrogenated titanium. It can be explained by charge transfer from the metal to the TEG components of the composites. The effect of significant increase of composite conductivity after dehydrogenation can be explained by reduction of titanium oxide shell during hydrogen desorption from metal particle and by peculiarities of Fermi level shift in it during changes of electron concentration due to charge transfer to TEG.
MHC class I and class II genotypes are independent predictors of anti-PD1 immunotherapy response in melanoma
Authors: Eynden Jimmy Van den , Claeys Arne 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade is a highly successful anti-cancer immunotherapy. Both CTLA4 and PD1 checkpoint blockers are clinically available for melanoma treatment, with anti-PD1 therapy reaching response rates of 35-40%. These responses, which are mediated via neoantigen presentation by the polymorphic MHC complex, are hard to predict and the tumor mutation burden is currently the best available biomarker. Here we demonstrate that the germline MHC class I (MHC-I) and class II (MHC-II) genotypes are TMB-independent predictors of anti-PD1 immunotherapy responses in melanoma. Opposite responses were found for both classes, with strong MHC-I and MHC-II binding genotypes predicting good and bad responses, respectively. Interestingly, MHC-II binding genotypes were mainly associated with treatment response failure in a subgroup of anti-CTLA4 pretreated patients. As MHC genotyping does not require tumor material and/or advanced sequencing, it has clinical potential as a non-invasive and tumor-independent biomarker to guide anti-cancer immunotherapy in melanoma.
Tacrolimus versus mycophenolate for autoimmune hepatitis patients with incomplete response on first line therapy (TAILOR study): a study protocol for a phase III, open-label, multicentre, randomised controlled trial
Authors: Stoelinga Anna , Tushuizen Maarten E , Hout Wilbert B van den , Girondo Mar DM Rodriguez , de Vries Elsemieke S , Levens Amar D , Moes Dirk-Jan AR , Gevers Tom JG , Meer Suzanne van , Brouwer Johannes T , de Jonge Hendrik JM , de Boer Ynto S , Beuers Ulrich HW , Meer Adriaan J van der , Berg Aad P van den , Guichelaar Maureen MJ , Drenth Joost PH , Hoek Bart van 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
• Background: Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a rare, chronic inflammatory disease of the liver. Treatment goal is reaching complete biochemical response (CR), defined as normalization of aspartate and alanine aminotransferases and immunoglobulin gamma. Ongoing AIH activity can lead to fibrosis and (decompensated) cirrhosis. Incomplete biochemical response is the most important risk factor for liver transplantation or liver related mortality. First-line treatment consists of the combination of azathioprine and prednisolone. If CR is not reached, tacrolimus (TAC) or mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) can be used as second line therapy. Both products are registered for the prevention of graft rejection in solid organ transplant recipients. The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness and safety of TAC and MMF as second line treatment for AIH.
• Methods: The TAILOR study is a phase IIIB, multicentre, open-label, parallel-group, randomised (1:1) controlled trial performed in large teaching and university hospitals in the Netherlands. We will enrol 86 patients with AIH who have not reached CR after at least six months of treatment with first-line therapy. Patients are randomised to TAC (0.07mg/kg/day initially and adjusted by trough levels) or MMF (max 2000mg/day), stratified by the presence of cirrhosis at inclusion. The primary endpoint is the difference in proportion of patients reaching CR after 12 months. Secondary endpoints include the difference in proportion of patients reaching CR after six months, adverse effects, difference in fibrogenesis, quality of life and cost-effectiveness.
• Discussion: This is the first randomised controlled trial comparing two second line therapies for AIH. Currently second line treatment is based on retrospective cohort studies. The rarity of AIH is the main issue in clinical research for alternative treatment options. The results of this trial can be implemented in existing international clinical guidelines.
• Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05221411.– Retrospectively registered on: 3 February 2022; EudraCT number: 2021-003420-33, Prospectively registered on 16 June 2021.
Data-Driven Robust Healthcare Network Design under Disruption Considering Conditional Value at Risk
Authors: Hasani Aliakbar , Darayi Mohamad , Haseli Gholamreza 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This study proposes a distributionally robust two-stage risk-aversion model for comprehensive healthcare network design. The proposed model considers the weighted average of the expected losses to handle the disruption uncertainty affecting the network performance (i.e., service capacity, service demand, and route capacity) with conditional value-at-risk as a risk assessment measure. The proposed model is implemented in a stylized case study of healthcare network design in Iran. The results indicate the efficiency of the proposed distributionally robust optimization model compared to the traditional two-stage stochastic model. In case of a high level of uncertainty, the proposed distributionally robust network design tends to be more decentralized by establishing more new mobile facilities, selecting more backup facilities at low-risk regions, and assigning more inventory to established facilities. Results provide decision-makers with managerial insights about cost-effective decisions to handle uncertainty. Also, the sensitivity analysis shows that the type of ambiguous set and levels of confidence, risk aversion, and adjustment parameters affect the network performance.
Gender Composition in the Work Environment and Physician Income: Evidence from Longitudinal Data
Authors: Gong Qing , Hu Xiaochu 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Despite the rising representation of women in the physician workforce, gender-based income disparities persist. In this study, we explore the role of representation of women in the work environment in physicians’ Medicare income and the income gender gap.
Methods
Our main analytic sample is a balanced panel of 371,472 physicians over nine years, obtained from the Medicare Part B Fee-For-Service Provider Utilization and Payment Data (2012-2020) from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS).
We use panel regressions with physician and year fixed effects to quantify how total Medicare income, patient volume, and per-patient income respond to gender composition changes at the specialty and practice level, controlling for other practice characteristics. We allow the gender composition to have differential impacts on women and men by interacting them with physician’s gender. In addition, we examined the subsample of physicians who have not switched specialties or practices and explored differences in the effects by practice size.
Results
Increasing women’s representation in physician work environments impacts men's and women’s income differently. We find that for women physicians, a 1% increase in the share of women in the same specialty leads to a 1.401% higher annual income, 1.284% more patients, and 0.117% more per-patient income. Conversely, these effects are reversed for men. Changes in women’s share at the practice level have qualitatively similar effects. Among physicians who have not switched specialties or practices, we still find positive effects for women but no negative effects for men. Furthermore, these effects are stronger in solo or small practices than in large practices.
Conclusions
Increasing women’s representation in the work environment helps increase income for women physicians but may reduce income for men physicians. Our findings support the efforts in increasing women’s representation in the physician workforce to mitigate gender income disparities and demonstrate the nuanced differences in its impact by gender and the size of the practice to refine policy recommendations.
Integrative Spatial Analysis of H&amp;E and IHC Images Identifies Prognostic Immune Subtypes Correlated with Progression-Free Survival in Human Papillomavirus (HPV)-Related Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Hwang Tae Hyun , Nakkireddy Sumanth Reddy , Jang Inyeop , Kim Minji , Yin Linda X. , Rivera Michael , Garcia Joaquin , Bartemes Kathleen , Routman David , Moore Eric , Abdel-Halim Chadi , Ma Daniel , Abel Kathryn Van 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Although the majority of HPV (+) oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) patients exhibit a favorable prognosis, approximately 20% face recurrent or metastatic disease, posing management challenges. Therefore, the identification of robust prognostic markers for risk stratification is essential. Our study focused on the comprehensive characterization of intratumor heterogeneity within the tumor immune microenvironment (TME) in both primary tumors and metastatic lymph nodes. Utilizing computational approaches, we integrated hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and 11 adjacent immunohistochemistry (IHC)-stained slides to investigate the cellular composition and functional characteristics across different regions within the TME. Based on these detailed immune characteristics, we classified patients into specific immune subtypes. Our integrative TME analysis indicated that patients with high tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), increased CD8 + levels, and reduced CD163 + cell counts within their primary tumors were likely to have a more favorable progression-free survival outcome. The integration of H&E and IHC data enhances the functional characterization of immune phenotypes of the TME with biological interpretability and improves patient stratification in HPV(+) OPSCC.
Evaluation of methods for simulation of heat-affected zones in duplex stainless steels
Authors: WESTIN Elin Marianne , WESTERBERG Lars-Göran 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

The weldability of duplex stainless steels partly depends on the ferritization of the high temperature heat-affected zone (HT-HAZ). This area is rather narrow, and it can be challenging to visualize and determine its actual impact on the properties. To address this, various methods were applied to study the grain growth and austenite reformation in the HT-HAZ of the lean duplex grade UNS S32101. Thermo-mechanical Gleeble® simulations were conducted at 1360°C with different holding times and cooling rates. Subsequently, the grain size and ferrite content were measured on polished and etched cross-sections. Bead-on-plate welds were performed on the same heat of 6 mm plate thickness using the gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) process. The shielding gas was Ar + 0–8% N2 to illustrate which effect nitrogen additions would have on the HT-HAZ morphology. The arc was either stationary, welding at one spot for 0.5–120 s, or travelling at different speeds to generate varying heat inputs. The thermo-mechanical simulations came closest to the results obtained by travelling arc welding and allowed for a more comprehensive investigation. Stationary arc welding was not suitable for HT-HAZ studies as it quickly caused nitrogen depletion and resulted in significantly higher ferrite contents compared to the travelling arc welds.
Pass-To-Pass Microstructural Variations in ARC Based AM Deposits in As-Built Conditions
Authors: Liu Stephen , Ream Jordan , Yu Zhenzhen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) is a technique that involves the use of a computer numeric-controlled (CNC) arc welding torch with an integrated wire feed to deposit metal one layer at a time in the fabrication of a near-net-shape part. However, few studies have been performed to characterize the metallurgical properties of WAAM builds, particularly regarding the evolution of microstructure and mechanical properties along the entire build length. This work characterized the microstructure, composition of alloying elements, and hardness of ER70S-6 carbon steel deposits on a layer-to-layer basis to better understand how the WAAM process affects the properties of the part as a whole. The composition of alloying elements was found to increase within each layer, from bottom to top. With remelting of the top regions of each prior layer during the AM process, the richer composition near the top of the deposit would be incorporated into the subsequent layer. Arc stirring and pool mixing would uniformize the composition but partition during solidification will again create a composition gradient in this subsequent pass. This process repeats throughout the entire height of the build elevating gradually, but continuously, the concentration of the alloying elements. Between subsequent passes, volumes of the prior deposit are heat treated by the process thermal conditions to form a heat affected zone, similar to that found in weldments. For the alloy system investigated, irregular pockets of lath martensite and martensite-austenite-carbide (MAC) microconstituents were found dispersed in the HAZ along the length of the deposit and along the build direction. With subsequent deposits, however, the initially formed hard and soft regions were tempered to result in a more homogenized ferritic microstructure with lower hardness. Except for the initial and end transients, the remainder of a WAAM build would exhibit a relatively uniform microstructure and hardness.
Parental Involvement in Supporting Academic Performance of Intermediate Phase Learners in a Low Socio-economic Context
Authors: Mekgwe Tumelo , Maseko Nonhlanhla 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Parental involvement is essential for realising quality school performance and good academic performance. The study explores the role of parents’ involvement in intermediate-phase learners’ academic performance in a low socio-economic context in the North West Province, South Africa. This study intended to assist schools with strategies that could be used by the schools to involve parents to enhance the academic performance of learners. The study followed a qualitative design, underpinned by the interpretivism paradigm to explore the role of parental involvement in supporting intermediate-phase learners academically. Data was gathered using semi-structured individual and focus group interviews, and document analysis. Three parents were purposively selected to participate, from each grade (Grades 4,5,6). Thus, the total number of participating parents was nine, comprising six females and three males. The article is underpinned by the Epstein (1987) model of school, family, and community partnership that encourages mutual collaboration between different stakeholders. The findings indicated that parental involvement in children’s education enhances their academic performance.
Growing crystalline artificial magnet ice in a kagome lattice
Authors: Ge Jun-Yi , Zhang Jia-Jie , Tu Li-Ming , Gladilin Vladimir 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Geometric frustration has been the focus of studying complex many-body interactions where exotic phenomena are widely observed. Among all systems possessing geometric frustration, artificial ice based on nanomagnets and interactive particles allows imaging individual interaction units and designing exotic frustrated lattices, which are difficult to access in traditional ice systems such as water ice and pyrochlore spin ice. However, the relatively weak interaction between nanomagnets and commonly existing quenched disorder hamper the observation of truly long-range ordered (LRO) crystalline state as well as the experimental investigation of the underlying physics. Here we report a totally new design of artificial ice based on macromagnets arranged in a geometrically frustrated kagome lattice. The unique advantage of our design is that the frustrated crystalline lattice is grown by adding the magnets into the system one by one, thus facilitating the minimization of both local and global interaction energy. As a result, an LRO ferromagnetic phase (FM-I) with charge order, as has been predicted for artificial colloidal ice, can be easily realized even in a sample with weak interactions. We also develop a magnetic comb to locally write and erase the FM-I phase at will. Moreover, a totally new ordered ferromagnetic phase (FM-II) emerges following the breakdown of FM-I phase under strong enough interactions. Our results provide unique testbed to probe the up to now elusive states in artificial ice systems.
Modelling Patches Number of Residential Areas in Relation to Some Environmental Characteristics (Case Study: Tehran City)
Authors: Majd Golazin Radyn , Jozi Seyed Ali , Hejazi Rokhshad , Amiri Mohammad Javad , Ghaffarzadeh Hamidreza 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
With human intervention, the face of the land is divided into smaller spots and after a while many problems will arise. If the number of patches is less and the land uses are more uniform, the appearance of the land will be less damaged. Therefore, the landscape metrics are indicators of environmental sensitivity. Today, Tehran, as a metropolis, is facing many problems that does not have the physical, spatial and functional structure appropriate to its needs and it has a long distance with sustainability indicators and biological standards. The present study considers the spatial modelling patches number of residential areas in relation to some environmental characteristics as a research necessity for the Tehran city and addressed it. In order to conduct research, some of the most important environmental factors influencing the creation and development of residential areas in Tehran were considered. These factors include: elevation, slope, vegetation, density of rivers, of ground water depth, wind speed and precipitation in the region. Then, a raster layer was prepared for each of the factors in Arc map software. Landsat 8 satellite images were used to prepare the layer of residential areas. In the next step, a grid with 20 rows and columns was placed on Tehran, and the entire area was covered by 238 pixels. For modeling, patches number of residential areas were considered as the response variable and other factors were considered as independent variables. In order to perform negative binomial model, the collected data were analyzed by RStudio software. The results showed that the elevation, vegetation and slope respectively have a positive, positive and negative effect at the 99% confidence level on the response variable (patches number of residential areas) they have. Mapping the patches number of residential areas based on modeling results showed that the number of patches is more in the northeast part of Tehran. This result shows that the continuity of ecological zones is low in these parts. The correlation between the raster layer of the number of real patches and the modeling was 0.856, which shows that the modeling is very accurate and can be used in urban planning.
The Formation of Unsaturated IrOx in SrIrO3-based Perovskites by Cobalt-doping for Efficient Acidic Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Li Gao-Ren , Zhao Jia-Wei , Yue Kaihang , Zhang Hong , Wei Shu-Yin , Zhu Jiawei , Wang Dongdong 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Electrocatalytic water splitting is a promising route for sustainable hydrogen production. However, the high overpotential of the anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) poses significant challenge. SrIrO3-based perovskite-type catalysts have shown great potential for OER in acidic medium, but the origins of their high activity are still unclear. Herein, we develop a Co-doped SrIrO3 system to enhance OER activity and elucidate the origin of catalytic activity. In-situ experiments reveal Co activates surface oxygen, rapidly exposing IrOx active sites, while bulk Co doping optimizes the adsorbate binding energy of IrOx. The Co-doped SrIrO3 demonstrates excellent OER electrocatalytic activity, markedly surpassing the commercial IrO2 catalysts in both conventional electrolyzer and proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer. The insights significantly advance the understanding of how SrIrO3-based perovskites achieve high acidic OER catalytic performance. The findings also provide guidance for designing efficient acidic OER electrocatalysts toward green hydrogen production.
Electrospun PAN-based Carbon Nanofibers for Aqueous Boron Recovery
Authors: Park Ji Wan , Kim Su Young , Jeong Tae Uk , Han Do Young , Kim Da Eun , Huh Seong , Won Yong Sun 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Designed for the recovery of aqueous boron, a critical element with various industrial applications, the use of carbon fibers as an effective adsorbent for boron in aqueous solutions were explored, and the changes in carbon fibers were investigated during repeated boron adsorption and desorption. In this research, prepared PAN fibers by electrospinning were carbonized into nitrogen-doped carbon fibers. The resulting fiber mats undergo boron adsorption in boric acid solution and subsequent regeneration in HCl solution, and these processes repeat multiple times to assess the reusability of carbon fibers. SEM analysis confirmed the successful electrospinning of PAN fibers and their carbonized ones, while EDS and XPS analyses determined the presence of doped nitrogen on the graphene-like surface and the consequential effective boron adsorption. Then, ICP-OES showed that the boron adsorption was completed within ~ 1 hr to an equilibrium capacity even at room temperature, and the capacity increased with the regeneration of fibers, also confirmed by SEM and BET analyses in that the specific surface area increased along with the physical breakage and shattering of fibers during regeneration. In conclusion, the carbon fibers proposed in this study are applicable for aqueous boron recovery with their operative reusability.