bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do Uniform Price Auctions Trade‐off Higher Risk for Higher Return?*
Authors: Beierlein Jaclyn , Kato Hideaki Kiyoshi 
Published: July 2005

AbstractResults of the recent US Treasury experiment comparing uniform and discriminatory price auctions suggest that uniform price auctions achieve lower award concentration and higher average revenues but experience higher variance of revenues from auction to auction relative to discriminatory price auctions. In other words, uniform pricing offers higher risk for higher return. This apparent trade‐off may deter some sellers considering the switch from discriminatory to uniform pricing; thus, it is important to investigate whether these results can be generalized. The Treasury's results are driven by the tendency for bidders in the uniform auctions to submit multiple bids at a wide range of prices, essentially steep bid curves, instead of the flat bids submitted in the discriminatory auctions. However, theory and data from discriminatory auctions in Sweden and Portugal suggest that bidders in discriminatory auctions will submit steeper bids when there is more potential for winner's curse. It is possible that bidders in the US auctions, which are preceded by a when‐issued market, are relatively unconcerned with the winner's curse. We examine the auction formats in an environment much more likely to generate the winner's curse: the initial public offering market. We compare discriminatory price auctions in Japan and uniform price auctions in Israel on the basis of revenue and slope of the demand curves and test a number of divisible good auction theory implications. In contrast with the Treasury's results, we find that revenues are likely to be insignificantly different in the discriminatory and uniform price auctions and that bid curves may be equally steep under both formats in markets with information asymmetry. The winner's curse increases underpricing and steepens demand curves in Japan's discriminatory price auctions but not in Israel's uniform price auctions.
Future Long‐Horizon Performance Measurement Conditional on Past Survival*
Authors: Gray Philip , Whittaker Mark 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThis paper examines the measurement of long‐horizon abnormal performance when stock selection is conditional on an extended period of past survival. Filtering on survival results in a sample driven towards more‐established, frequently traded stocks and this has implications for the choice of benchmark used in performance measurement (especially in the presence of the well‐documented size effect). A simulation study is conducted to document the properties of commonly employed performance measures conditional on past survival. The results suggest that the popular index benchmarks used in long‐horizon event studies are severely biased and yield test statistics that are badly misspecified. In contrast, a matched‐stock benchmark based on size and industry performs consistently well. Also, an eligible‐stock index designed to mitigate the influence of the size effect proves effective.
Dynamic Optimality of Yield Curve Strategies*
Authors: Kobayashi Takao , Takahashi Akihiko , Tokioka Norio 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThis paper formulates and analyzes a dynamic optimization problem of bond portfolios within Markovian Heath–Jarrow–Morton term structure models. In particular, we investigate optimal yield curve strategies analytically and numerically, and provide theoretical justification for a typical strategy which is recommended in practice for an expected change in the shape of the yield curve. In the numerical analysis, we utilize a new technique based on the asymptotic expansion approach in order to increase efficiency in computation.
Measuring Productive Efficiency of Stock Exchanges using Price Adjustment Coefficients
Authors: Marisetty Vijaya B. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractA stock exchange's efficiency can be measured by its liquidity and price discovery mechanism. An exchange that provides price discovery will have high liquidity. By measuring the speed of stock price adjustment to its intrinsic value with the arrival of new information, we can understand the price discovery process and productive efficiency of a stock exchange. India has 23 stock exchanges, 20 of which have almost become dysfunctional due to negligible trading during the last five years. Measuring productive efficiency of the current active stock exchanges will help to understand the future direction of the Indian stock market. Using the corrected Damodaran (1993) model and a new model proposed in this paper, I found that information adjustment in the Indian market is very slow. Contrary to the developed markets, in the Indian stock market, stock prices overreact before adjusting to their intrinsic values. I also found that market‐wide information adjusts faster than firm‐specific information.
Re‐evaluation of randomized control trials of lithium monotherapy: a cohort effect
Authors: Deshauer D , Fergusson D , Duffy A , Albuquerque J , Grof P 
Published: July 2005

Objective:  The reported reduction of lithium's efficacy in the prophylaxis of bipolar illness has been attributed to various factors, including diagnostic changes and heterogeneous study designs. We attempted to quantify the impact of pre‐randomization enrichment designs and diagnostic drift on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of lithium maintenance therapy.Methods:  Using the Cochrane RCT search filter, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PSYCHINFO were searched (1966 to June 2004) for all available randomized studies using the text word ‘lithium’. Studies of 1 year minimum duration in bipolar disorder involving lithium and placebo arms were identified. Superiority trials without a placebo arm, discontinuation and mirror image studies were excluded. Standardized scales were used to assess randomization and allocation concealment.Results:  Nine RCTs enrolling 1432 bipolar I and II patients, randomizing 341 to lithium and 386 to placebo were identified, with 705 reported pre‐randomization dropouts. The pooled odds of remaining recurrence free in two non‐enriched RCTS using Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) or Feighner criteria were 3.2:1 (95% CI 0.65–15.46) trending in favor of lithium over placebo, and 22.0:1 (95% CI 7.0–68.7) for three trials using lithium enrichment and excluding atypical bipolar disorder. The odds of remaining recurrence free using DSM‐IV criteria and lamotrigine enrichment were 1.9:1 (95% CI 1.2–2.8).Conclusion:  Lithium maintenance RCTs differ in patient selection, design, and outcome. A cohort effect can be associated with the use of pre‐randomization enrichment phases and, to a lesser extent, with diagnostic drift, compromising straightforward comparisons across three decades of lithium monotherapy in bipolar illness.
Five‐year prospective outcome of psychopathology in the adolescent offspring of bipolar parents
Authors: Hillegers Manon HJ , Reichart Catrien G , Wals Marjolein , Verhulst Frank C , Ormel Johan , Nolen Willem A 
Published: July 2005

Objective:  For nearly 5 years a prospective high risk cohort study was carried out in the Netherlands among adolescent offspring of parents with bipolar disorder (BD). The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of psychopathology, specifically mood disorders, in adolescents and young adults with a bipolar parent.Method:  At first and second measurement 140 and 132 children of bipolar parents, respectively, were psychiatrically evaluated with a semi‐structured psychiatric interview (K‐SADS‐PL). At follow up (third measurement), nearly 5 years later, lifetime DSM IV diagnoses were obtained from the SCID interview for 129 subjects (aged 16–26 years).Results:  Compared with the first measurement, the lifetime prevalence of BD increased from 3 to 10% at follow up. In addition, the lifetime prevalence of overall mood disorders increased to 40% and of overall psychopathology to 59%. All subjects except for one with BD, debuted with a unipolar mood disorder with a mean of 4.9 (SD 3.4) years prior to the first (hypo)manic episode.Conclusion:  At follow up, we noticed an increase in BD onset, while a further increase could be expected. In addition, we found that a unipolar depression in bipolar offspring is a risk factor for, and at the same time the first sign of, the development of BD.
Psychotic features in borderline patients: is there a connection to mood dysregulation?
Authors: A Benvenuti , P Rucci , L Ravani , C Gonnelli , E Frank , M Balestrieri , A Sbrana , L Dell'Osso , GB Cassano 
Published: July 2005

Objective:  To investigate the relationship between lifetime mood and psychotic spectrum features in patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD).Method:  The study sample consisted of BPD patients with (n = 39, BPD‐M) or without (n = 21, BPD‐noM) lifetime mood disorders. The diagnostic assessment was conducted with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‐IV Axis I Disorders (SCID‐I). The diagnosis of BPD was made clinically and then confirmed by Gunderson's diagnostic interview for borderlines. Subjects were also administered the Structured Clinical Interview for Psychotic Spectrum (SCI‐PSY) and the Mood Spectrum self‐report questionnaire (MOODS‐SR).Results:  BPD‐M had significantly higher scores than BPD‐noM on the ‘lifetime’ mood spectrum subdomains ‘depressive mood’ and ‘depressive cognition’. The two groups did not differ on the scores of psychotic spectrum except for higher ‘hypertrophic self‐esteem’ scores in BPD‐noM. In BPD‐noM both the depressive and the manic‐hypomanic component of mood spectrum were significantly correlated with the ‘delusion’ subdomain of the psychotic spectrum. The depressive component was correlated with ‘depersonalization/derealization’ and the manic‐hypomanic component was correlated with ‘hypertrophic self‐esteem’. In BPD‐M, the manic‐hypomanic component of mood spectrum was correlated with different subdomains of the psychotic spectrum: ‘hypertrophic self‐esteem’, ‘self‐reference’, ‘interpretive attitude’, ‘anger/overreactivity, ‘unusual and odd thoughts’, ‘illusions’, ‘delusions’, ‘hallucinations’ and ‘catatonia’. The depressive component of mood spectrum was ‘uncorrelated’ with the subdomains of the psychotic spectrum.Conclusions:  Our data support the hypothesis that ‘lifetime’ manic‐hypomanic mood dysregulations are correlated with psychotic spectrum features in borderline patients. The assessment of these spectrum features in borderline patients may be useful to inform treatment choices.
Evidence for orbitofrontal pathology in bipolar disorder and major depression, but not in schizophrenia
Authors: Cotter David , Hudson Lance , Landau Sabine 
Published: July 2005

Background: The orbitofrontal cortex is involved in the monitoring of reward and in judgement. Lesion studies and functional neuroimaging investigations implicate this region in affective disorders, and altered neuronal and glial cell composition have been observed in this region in subjects with major depressive disorder (MDD).Aims: Stereologically based investigation of caudal orbitofrontal cortex (cOFC), in 60 postmortem brains from four groups of 14 subjects each with bipolar disorder (BPD), schizophrenia and MDD.Methods: Glial cell and neuronal size and density were examined in all subjects using stereological probes such as the nucleator and the optical disector.Results: We found statistical evidence for a neuronal size reduction in BPD in layer 1 (21%, p = 0.007) and a trend for a reduction in layer 5 (20%, p = 0.05). There was a significant interaction effect of brain hemisphere and group on neuronal size in layer 3 (p = 0.001), with evidence for reduced layer 3 neuronal sizes in MDD (30%, p < 0.001). We found no evidence for group differences in glial cell size nor for differences in glial or neuronal density.Conclusions: These findings provide preliminary evidence that neuronal size reduction in cOFC is a component of the pathology of BPD. Overall, the data implicate this cortical region in affective disorders, but provide no evidence for neuronal or glial pathology in this region in schizophrenia.
Multisensory integration in the dorsal cochlear nucleus: unit responses to acoustic and trigeminal ganglion stimulation
Authors: Shore S. E. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractA necessary requirement for multisensory integration is the convergence of pathways from different senses. The dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) receives auditory input directly via the VIIIth nerve and somatosensory input indirectly from the Vth nerve via granule cells. Multisensory integration may occur in DCN cells that receive both trigeminal and auditory nerve input, such as the fusiform cell. We investigated trigeminal system influences on guinea pig DCN cells by stimulating the trigeminal ganglion while recording spontaneous and sound‐driven activity from DCN neurons. A bipolar stimulating electrode was placed into the trigeminal ganglion of anesthetized guinea pigs using stereotaxic co‐ordinates. Electrical stimuli were applied as bipolar pulses (100 µs per phase) with amplitudes ranging from 10 to 100 µA. Responses from DCN units were obtained using a 16‐channel, four‐shank electrode. Current pulses were presented alone or preceding 100‐ or 200‐ms broadband noise (BBN) bursts. Thirty percent of DCN units showed either excitatory, inhibitory or excitatory–inhibitory responses to trigeminal ganglion stimulation. When paired with BBN stimulation, trigeminal stimulation suppressed or facilitated the firing rate in response to BBN in 78% of units, reflecting multisensory integration. Pulses preceding the acoustic stimuli by as much as 95 ms were able to alter responses to BBN. Bimodal suppression may play a role in attenuating body‐generated sounds, such as vocalization or respiration, whereas bimodal enhancement may serve to direct attention in low signal‐to‐noise environments.
Differential involvement of the cerebellum in biological and coherent motion perception
Authors: Jokisch Daniel , Troje Nikolaus F. , Koch Benno , Schwarz Michael , Daum Irene 
Published: July 2005

AbstractPerception of biological motion (BM) is a fundamental property of the human visual system. It is as yet unclear which role the cerebellum plays with respect to the perceptual analysis of BM represented as point‐light displays. Imaging studies investigating BM perception revealed inconsistent results concerning cerebellar contribution. The present study aimed to explore the role of the cerebellum in the perception of BM by testing the performance of BM perception in patients suffering from circumscribed cerebellar lesions and comparing their performance with an age‐matched control group. Perceptual performance was investigated in an experimental task testing the threshold to detect BM masked by scrambled motion and a control task testing the detection of motion direction of coherent motion masked by random noise. Results show clear evidence for a differential contribution of the cerebellum to the perceptual analysis of coherent motion compared with BM. Whereas the ability to detect BM masked by scrambled motion was unaffected in the patient group, their ability to discriminate the direction of coherent motion in random noise was substantially affected. We conclude that intact cerebellar function is not a prerequisite for a preserved ability to detect BM. Because the dorsal motion pathway as well as the ventral form pathway contribute to the visual perception of BM, the question of whether cerebellar dysfunction affecting the dorsal pathway is compensated for by the unaffected ventral pathway or whether perceptual analysis of BM is performed completely without cerebellar contribution remains to be determined.
Silencing dopamine D3‐receptors in the nucleus accumbens shell in vivo induces changes in cocaine‐induced hyperlocomotion
Authors: Bahi Amine , Boyer Frederic , Bussard Gaelle , Dreyer Jean‐Luc 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) is an important pharmacotherapeutic target for its potential role in psychiatric disorders and drug dependence. To further explore its function in rats, a regulatable lentivirus, Lenti‐D3, holding the rat D3R cDNA, has been constructed as well as three nonregulatable lentiviruses, Lenti‐D3‐siRNA1, Lenti‐D3‐siRNA2 and Lenti‐D3‐siRNA3, expressing small hairpin RNAs, aimed at silencing D3R expression and specifically targeted against different regions of the D3R mRNA. In vitro, Lenti‐D3 expressed D3R and could efficiently be blocked with Lenti‐D3‐Sils. These viruses were stereotaxically injected into the shell part of the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) and effects of passive cocaine delivery on locomotor activity were assessed. Manipulations of D3R levels induced changes in the locomotor stimulant effects of cocaine as compared to control treatment. Suppression of dopamine (DA) D3R in the NAcc by means of local knockdown (with Lenti‐D3‐Sils) increased locomotor stimulant effects, whereas its overexpression with Lenti‐D3 drastically reduced them. The latter effects could be reversed when animals were fed doxycycline, which prevented lentiviral‐mediated DA D3R overexpression in the NAcc. Gene expression assessed by quantitative RT‐PCR confirmed very efficient gene knockdown in vivo in animals treated with Lenti‐D3‐Sils (> 93% silencing of D3R gene). Thus D3R expression significantly contributes to behavioural changes associated with chronic cocaine delivery.
Selective dopamine D3 receptor antagonism by SB‐277011A attenuates cocaine reinforcement as assessed by progressive‐ratio and variable‐cost–variable‐payoff fixed‐ratio cocaine self‐administration in rats
Authors: Xi Zheng‐Xiong , Gilbert Jeremy G. , Pak Arlene C. , Ashby Charles R. , Heidbreder Christian A. , Gardner Eliot L. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractIn rats, acute administration of SB‐277011A, a highly selective dopamine (DA) D3 receptor antagonist, blocks cocaine‐enhanced brain stimulation reward, cocaine‐seeking behaviour and reinstatement of cocaine‐seeking behaviour. Here, we investigated whether SB‐277011A attenuates cocaine reinforcement as assessed by cocaine self‐administration under variable‐cost–variable‐payoff fixed‐ratio (FR) and progressive‐ratio (PR) reinforcement schedules. Acute i.p. administration of SB‐277011A (3–24 mg/kg) did not significantly alter cocaine (0.75 mg/kg/infusion) self‐administration reinforced under FR1 (one lever press for one cocaine infusion) conditions. However, acute administration of SB‐277011A (24 mg/kg, i.p.) progressively attenuated cocaine self‐administration when: (a) the unit dose of self‐administered cocaine was lowered from 0.75 to 0.125–0.5 mg/kg, and (b) the work demand for cocaine reinforcement was increased from FR1 to FR10. Under PR (increasing number of lever presses for each successive cocaine infusion) cocaine reinforcement, acute administration of SB‐277011A (6–24 mg/kg i.p.) lowered the PR break point for cocaine self‐administration in a dose‐dependent manner. The reduction in the cocaine (0.25–1.0 mg/kg) dose–response break‐point curve produced by 24 mg/kg SB‐277011A is consistent with a reduction in cocaine's reinforcing efficacy. When substituted for cocaine, SB‐277011A alone did not sustain self‐administration behaviour. In contrast with the mixed DA D2/D3 receptor antagonist haloperidol (1 mg/kg), SB‐277011A (3, 12 or 24 mg/kg) failed to impede locomotor activity, failed to impair rearing behaviour, failed to produce catalepsy and failed to impair rotarod performance. These results show that SB‐277011A significantly inhibits acute cocaine‐induced reinforcement except at high cocaine doses and low work requirement for cocaine. If these results extrapolate to humans, SB‐277011A or similar selective DA D3 receptor antagonists may be useful in the treatment of cocaine addiction.
Dopamine D1‐like receptor modulates layer‐ and frequency‐specific short‐term synaptic plasticity in rat prefrontal cortical neurons
Authors: Young Clint E. , Yang Charles R. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe mesocortical dopamine (DA) input to the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is crucial for processing short‐term working memory (STWM) to guide forthcoming behavior. Short‐term plasticity‐like post‐tetanic potentiation (PTP, < 3 min) and short‐term potentiation (STP, < 10 min) may underlie STWM. Using whole‐cell voltage‐clamp recordings, mixed glutamatergic excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) evoked by layer III or layer V stimulation (0.5 or 0.067 Hz) were recorded from layer V pyramidal neurons. With 0.5 Hz basal stimulation of layer III, brief tetani (2 × 50 Hz) induced a homosynaptic PTP (decayed: ∼1 min). The D1‐like antagonist SCH23390 (1 µm) increased the PTP amplitude and decay time without inducing changes to the tetanic response. The tetani may evoke endogenous DA release, which activates a presynaptic D1‐like receptor to inhibit glutamate release to modulate PTP. With a slower (0.067 Hz) basal stimulation, the same tetani induced STP (lasting ∼4 min, but only at 2× intensity only) that was insignificantly suppressed by SCH23390. With stimulation of layer‐V→V inputs at 0.5 Hz, layer V tetani yielded inconsisitent responses. However, at 0.067 Hz, tetani at double the intensity resulted in an STP (lasting ∼6 min), but a long‐term depression after SCH23390 application. Endogenous DA released by tetanic stimulation can interact with a D1‐like receptor to induce STP in layer V→V synapses that receive slower (0.067 Hz) frequency inputs, but suppresses PTP at layer III→V synapses that receive higher (0.5 Hz) frequency inputs. This D1‐like modulation of layer‐ and frequency‐specific synaptic responses in the PFC may contribute to STWM processing.
Role of the GLT‐1 subtype of glutamate transporter in glutamate homeostasis: the GLT‐1‐preferring inhibitor WAY‐855 produces marginal neurotoxicity in the rat hippocampus
Authors: Selkirk Julie V. , Nottebaum Lisa M. , Vana Alicia M. , Verge Gail M. , Mackay Kenneth B. , Stiefel Theodore H. , Naeve Greg S. , Pomeroy Jordan E. , Petroski Robert E. , Moyer John , Dunlop John , Foster Alan C. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractGlutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system and is tightly regulated by cell surface transporters to avoid increases in concentration and associated neurotoxicity. Selective blockers of glutamate transporter subtypes are sparse and so knock‐out animals and antisense techniques have been used to study their specific roles. Here we used WAY‐855, a GLT‐1‐preferring blocker, to assess the role of GLT‐1 in rat hippocampus. GLT‐1 was the most abundant transporter in the hippocampus at the mRNA level. According to [3H]‐l‐glutamate uptake data, GLT‐1 was responsible for approximately 80% of the GLAST‐, GLT‐1‐, and EAAC1‐mediated uptake that occurs within dissociated hippocampal tissue, yet when this transporter was preferentially blocked for 120 h with WAY‐855 (100 µm), no significant neurotoxicity was observed in hippocampal slices. This is in stark contrast to results obtained with TBOA, a broad‐spectrum transport blocker, which, at concentrations that caused a similar inhibition of glutamate uptake (10 and 30 µm), caused substantial neuronal death when exposed to the slices for 24 h or longer. Likewise, WAY‐855, did not significantly exacerbate neurotoxicity associated with simulated ischemia, whereas TBOA did. Finally, intrahippocampal microinjection of WAY‐855 (200 and 300 nmol)in vivoresulted in marginal damage compared with TBOA (20 and 200 nmol), which killed the majority of both CA1–4 pyramidal cells and dentate gyrus granule cells. These results indicate that selective inhibition of GLT‐1 is insufficient to provoke glutamate build‐up, leading to NMDA receptor‐mediated neurotoxic effects, and suggest a prominent role of GLAST and/or EAAC1 in extracellular glutamate maintenance.