bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hepatic vascular isolation and perfusion for patients with progressive unresectable liver metastases from colorectal carcinoma refractory to previous systemic and regional chemotherapy
Authors: Alexander H. Richard , Libutti Steven K. , Bartlett David L. , Pingpank James F. , Kranda Karen , Helsabeck Cynthia , Beresnev Tatiana 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDMany patients with colorectal carcinoma develop unresectable metastases confined to the liver that remain the life‐limiting component of disease despite best available systemic or regional chemotherapy. In the current study, the authors present their results using vascular isolation and perfusion of the liver for individuals with progressive, unresectable liver metastases from colorectal carcinoma that were refractory to both previous systemic and regional chemotherapy.METHODSSeven patients with refractory, progressive, unresectable colorectal carcinoma metastases confined to the liver underwent a 60‐minute hyperthermic (39–40 °C) isolated hepatic perfusion (IHP) and were followed for toxicity, response, and survival.RESULTSThere was no surgical‐ or treatment‐related mortality; all patients experienced transient Grade 3–4 (according to National Cancer Institute common toxicity criteria) hepatic toxicity. At a median potential follow‐up of 16 months, the overall objective radiographic response rate (all partial responses) was 71% (5 of 7 assessable patients). It is interesting to note that two patients who were treated with tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alone demonstrated no response to therapy compared with all five patients who were treated with melphalan and TNF (three patients) or melphalan alone (two patients). For the 5 patients who responded to treatment, the median duration of response was 10 months (range, 10–13 months) and in all 7 patients the mean overall survival was 19.7 months (range, 2–33 months), including 5 months and 7.5 months, respectively, for the 2 patients treated with TNF alone.CONCLUSIONSThe results of the current study demonstrate that IHP using melphalan with or without TNF has significant antitumor activity in this patient population. IHP deserves continued clinical evaluation as a therapeutic modality for patients with unresectable colorectal carcinoma metastases to the liver. Cancer 2002;95:730–6. Published 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10686
Study of p53 immunostaining in the gastric epithelium of cagA‐positive and cagA‐negative Helicobacter pylori gastritis
Authors: Teh Ming , Bing Tan Kong , Leng Seet Bee , Guan Yeoh Khay 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDp53 mutations are an early event in the multistep progression of gastric carcinoma. These mutations are often present in dysplastic and intestinal metaplastic gastric epithelium. However, the presence of immunohistochemically detectable p53 protein and p53 mutations in nondysplastic/nonmetaplastic gastric mucosa is more controversial. Recent reports have suggested that immunohistochemically detectable p53 protein may be present in the gastric epithelium of Helicobacter pylori gastritis. Furthermore, because cagA‐positive H. pylori is associated with greater mucosal injury but decreased apoptosis, it would be interesting to determine if this phenotype is associated with greater immunostaining of p53, as the wild‐type p53 gene helps to initiate apoptosis.METHODSOne hundred thirty‐five patients with H. pylori‐associated gastritis were immunohistochemically stained for p53 and quantified for the extent and intensity of the staining using a semiquantitative method (0, nil staining; 6, extensive and strong staining). The cagA status of the organism was determined by Western blot.RESULTSThirty‐one patients (23%) showed strong p53 staining (≥ 4 of 6) in inflamed but otherwise normal gastric epithelium. In the 123 cagA‐positive H. pylori gastritis patients, the average p53 staining score was 2.5 of 6. This is significantly higher than the corresponding score of 1.7 of 6 observed in the 12 patients with cagA‐negative H. pylori gastritis (P = 0.04).CONCLUSIONSOur results indicate that p53 protein is immunohistochemically detectable even before gastric metaplastic/dysplastic change occurs. The results also suggest that cagA‐positive H. pylori might be associated with greater p53 immunohistochemical staining. This would indicate that p53 immunohistochemical staining does not reliably differentiate between gastric dysplasia and reactive inflammatory atypia. If the p53 protein detected is a consequence of mutation, this would help to explain why cagA‐positive H. pylori gastritis is associated with decreased apoptosis. Cancer 2002;95:499–505. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10697
Vesicular glutamate transporter DNPI/VGLUT2 mRNA is present in C1 and several other groups of brainstem catecholaminergic neurons
Authors: Stornetta Ruth L. , Sevigny Charles P. , Guyenet Patrice G. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe mouse glutamate vesicular transporter VGLUT2 has recently been characterized. The rat homolog of VGLUT2, differentiation‐associated Na+/Pi cotransporter (DNPI), was examined using a digoxigenin‐labeled DNPI/VGLUT2 cRNA probe in the present study to determine which, if any, of the various groups of pontine or medullary monoaminergic neurons express DNPI/VGLUT2 mRNA and, thus, are potentially glutamatergic. DNPI/VGLUT2 mRNA was widely distributed within the brainstem and seemed exclusively neuronal. By using a double in situ hybridization method, the presence of the mRNA for DNPI/VGLUT2 and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD)‐67 was mutually exclusive. By combining DNPI/VGLUT2 mRNA detection and conventional immunohistochemistry, DNPI/VGLUT2 mRNA was undetectable in lower brainstem cholinergic and serotonergic cells, but it was present in several tyrosine hydroxylase‐immunoreactive (TH‐ir) cell groups. DNPI/VGLUT2 mRNA was detected in most of the adrenergic neurons of the C1, C2, and C3 groups (75–80% of TH‐ir neurons), in the A2 noradrenergic group (80%), and in vast numbers of area postrema cells. Within the A1 region, many fewer TH‐ir cells contained DNPI/VGLUT2 (16%). Finally, DNPI/VGLUT2 mRNA was undetectable in the pontine noradrenergic cell groups (A5 and A6/locus coeruleus). In conclusion, the general pattern of DNPI/VGLUT2 expression and its exclusion from GABAergic, cholinergic, and serotonergic neurons supports the notion that DNPI/VGLUT2 mRNA identifies a subset of glutamatergic neurons in the lower brainstem. Within this region several catecholaminergic cell groups appear to be glutamatergic, including but not limited to the adrenergic cell groups C1–C3. Based on the present evidence, the noradrenergic cell groups of the pons (A5 and A6) do not contain either known vesicular glutamate transporter and are most likely not glutamatergic. J. Comp. Neurol. 444:191–206, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Spontaneous and augmented growth of axons in the primate spinal cord: Effects of local injury and nerve growth factor‐secreting cell grafts
Authors: Tuszynski Mark H. , Grill Ray , Jones Leonard L. , McKay Heather M. , Blesch Armin 
Published: October 2002

AbstractLittle is known about molecular and cellular responses to spinal cord injury in primates. In this study, the normal milieu of the primate spinal cord was disturbed by multiple needle penetrations and cell injections in the mid‐thoracic spinal cord; subsequent effects on local axons and expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules were examined, together with effects of cellular delivery of nerve growth factor (NGF) to the injured region. Four adult rhesus monkeys each received injections of two grafts of autologous fibroblasts genetically modified to secrete human NGF, and, in control injection sites, two separate grafts of autologous fibroblasts transduced to express the reporter gene, β‐galactosidase. Three months later, Schwann cells extensively infiltrated the region of localized injury and penetrated both NGF and control fibroblast grafts. Marked upregulation of several ECM molecules occurred, including chondroitin and heparan sulfate proteoglycans and type IV collagen, in or adjacent to all injection sites. Schwann cells were an apparent source of some ECM expression. Spinal cord sensory axons and putative coerulospinal axons extended into both graft types, but they penetrated NGF grafts to a significantly greater extent. Many of these axons expressed the cell adhesion molecule L1. Thus, extensive cellular and molecular changes occur at sites of localized primate spinal cord injury and grafting, attributable in part to migrating Schwann cells, and are accompanied by spontaneous axonal plasticity. These molecular and cellular events closely resemble those observed in the rodent spinal cord after injury. Furthermore, as in rodent studies, cellular delivery of a trophic factor significantly augments axonal plasticity in the primate spinal cord. J. Comp. Neurol. 449:88–101, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of hippocampal, amygdala, and perirhinal projections to the nucleus accumbens: Combined anterograde and retrograde tracing study in the Macaque brain
Authors: Friedman David P. , Aggleton John P. , Saunders Richard C. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA combination of anterograde and retrograde tracing techniques was used to study the projections to the nucleus accumbens from the amygdala, the hippocampal formation (including the entorhinal cortex), and the perirhinal cortex in two species of macaque monkey. To help identify possible subregions within the nucleus accumbens, the distribution of calbindin was examined in two additional monkeys. Although this revealed evidence of “core”‐ and “shell”‐like regions within the accumbens, these different regions could not consistently be related to cytoarchitectonic features. The rostral amygdala sent nearly equivalent projections to both the medial and the lateral portions of nucleus accumbens, whereas projections arising from the middle and caudal amygdala terminated preferentially in the medial division of nucleus accumbens. The basal nucleus was the major source of these amygdala efferents, and there was a crude topography as parts of the basal and accessory basal nuclei terminated in different parts of nucleus accumbens. The subiculum was the major source of hippocampal projections to the nucleus accumbens, but some hippocampal efferents also originated in the parasubiculum, the prosubiculum, the adjacent portion of CA1, and the uncal portion of CA3. These hippocampal projections, which coursed through the fornix, showed a rostrocaudal gradient as more arose in the rostral hippocampus. Hippocampal efferents terminated most densely in the medial and ventral portions of nucleus accumbens, along with light label in the adjacent olfactory tubercle. The entorhinal projections were more evenly distributed between the medial nucleus accumbens and the olfactory tubercle, whereas the perirhinal projections were primarily to the olfactory tubercle. These cortical inputs were less reliant on the fornix. Amygdala and subicular (hippocampal) projections overlapped most completely in the medial division of nucleus accumbens. J. Comp. Neurol. 450:345–365, 2002. Published 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A quantitative network model for color categorization
Authors: Okajima K. , Robertson A. R. , Fielder G. H. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractTo clarify the higher‐order mechanism of human color perception, we measured the color appearances of 78 colored lights by an elemental color‐scaling method and by a categorical color naming method. The colors covered nearly the entire CIE 1931 xy‐chromaticity diagram with three different surrounds. The results showed that firm basic color zones derived by categorical color naming can be mapped with no overlap in an opponent‐color response space. We propose a network model with a threshold selector, maximum selectors, and multiplication units with gain factors to generate the categorical color responses quantitatively from the elemental color responses. The model can predict the categorical color naming results in different surround conditions with no change of parameters. This suggests that a nonlinear color vision mechanism for color categorization exists between the primary visual cortex (V1) and the inferior temporal cortex (IT) in the human brain. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 27, 225–232, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.10060
A qualitative description of thermochromism in color measurements
Authors: Hiltunen J. , Silfsten P. , Jaaskelainen T. , Parkkinen J. P. S. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe color of an object depends on the temperature of the object. This phenomenon is known as the thermochromic effect, and it is already noticeable at room temperature if the temperature varies just a few centigrades. Red and orange samples are especially sensitive to temperature variation and may cause difficulties in precise color measurement. In this article we show how the phenomenon is based on physical processes and does not only reflect the instability of red color pigments. We derive simple formulas that are shown to be able to explain the published experimental data. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 27, 271–275, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.10062
On the ∞‐volume limit of the focusing cubic Schrödinger equation
Authors: Rider Brian C. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe revisit the question of an invariant measure for the focusing cubic Schrödinger equation on the line. For the periodic problem the appropriate ensemble was introduced by Lebowitz, Rose, and Speer [3] and proved to be invariant under the flow by McKean [5]. These parties and others have also discussed the thermodynamic limit, though without consensus. Simulations carried out in [3] indicated the possibility of a phase transition. Similar experiments in [1] appeared to contradict that interpretation. Later, a proof was put forward in [6] that the full thermodynamic limit did not exist, suggesting a possible explanation for the disparate conclusions drawn from the numerics. Unfortunately, the latter contains an error. The main result here is that, in the infinite volume, the ensemble collapses onto the unit mass on the trivial path. Along the way sharp estimates for the partition function are established. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Parallelization of a large‐scale computational earthquake simulation program
Authors: Tiampo K. F. , Rundle J. B. , Hopper P. , Martins J. Sá , Gross S. , McGinnis S. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractHere we detail both the methods and preliminary results of the first efforts to parallelize three General Earthquake Model (GEM)‐related codes: (1) a relatively simple data mining procedure based on a genetic algorithm; (2) a mean‐field slider block model; and (3) the Virtual California simulation of GEM. These preliminary results, using a simple, heterogeneous system of processors, existing freeware and an extremely low initial cost in both manpower and hardware dollars, motivate us to more ambitious work with considerably larger‐scale computer earthquake simulations of southern California. The GEM omputational problem, which is essentially a Monte Carlo simulation, is well suited to optimization on parallel computers and we outline how we are proceeding in implementing this new software architecture. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Parallel simulation system for earthquake generation: fault analysis modules and parallel coupling analysis
Authors: Iizuka Mikio , Sekita Daigo , Suito Hisashi , Hyodo Mamoru , Hirahara Kazuro , Place David , Mora Peter , Hazama Osamu , Okuda Hiroshi 
Published: October 2002

AbstractSolid earth simulations have recently been developed to address issues such as natural disasters, global environmental destruction and the conservation of natural resources. The simulation of solid earth phenomena involves the analysis of complex structures including strata, faults, and heterogeneous material properties. Simulation of the generation and cycle of earthquakes is particularly important, but such simulations require the analysis of complex fault dynamics. GeoFEM is a parallel finite‐element analysis system intended for solid earth field phenomena problems. This paper describes recent development in the GeoFEM project for the simulation of earthquake generation and cycles. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dismissing and preoccupied insecure attachment and procedures in CAT: Some implications for CAT practice
Authors: Jellema Anna 
Published: October 2002

AbstractFollowing a review of the current relationship between the theory of cognitive analytic therapy (CAT) and attachment theory, this paper describes how attachment concepts can be applied in routine CAT practice with neurotic and mild personality disordered presentations. In particular, insecure dismissing and insecure preoccupied patients are likely to manifest different maladaptive procedures, express anger in distinct ways, and use different narrative styles to express their distress. Their varying abilities to collaborate with the therapist are reviewed and implications for therapy are described. Some consideration is also given to how the therapist can provide a ‘secure base’ for the patient within a time‐limited therapy such as CAT. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Renal and extrarenal congenital rhabdoid tumor: Diagnosis by fine‐needle aspiration biopsy and FISH
Authors: Drut Ricardo , Drut Rosa Mónica 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe report on 2 patients with congenital malignant rhabdoid tumor, one located to the kidney and the other to the soft parts of the cheek. Initial diagnosis was performed through percutaneous fine‐needle aspiration biopsies, which yielded cytologic smears exhibiting highly characteristic rhabdoid cells, i.e., cells with a large, vesicular nucleus with a prominent nucleolus and cytoplasm exhibiting a large, dense, paranuclear inclusion. Interphase FISH demonstrated only one signal (heterozygous deletion) for the BCR gene in both cases, supporting the diagnosis. Surgical pathology and immunohistochemistry of both cases confirmed the diagnosis. Both patients died within the following 6 mo to 1 yr. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2002;27:32–34. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Maxillary odontogenic myxoma: A diagnostic pitfall on aspiration cytology
Authors: Kumar Neeta , Jain Shyama , Gupta Sunita 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA painless, slow‐growing cheek swelling in a young male clinically considered a salivary gland mass was aspirated. Cytology smears were hypocellular. The striking feature was abundant myxoid material with a few monomorphic oval cells, interpreted as myxoid variant of pleomorphic adenoma. Subsequent CT scan was suggestive of a malignant tumor but biopsy confirmed it as myxoma. Myxoma of the jaw is a rare benign tumor that has a tendency for bone destruction, invasion into surrounding structures, and a relatively high recurrence rate. Maxillary myxoma is less frequent but behaves more aggressively than in the mandible, as it spreads through the maxillary sinus. Cytologically, it should be differentiated from other tumors showing predominant myxoid change. Awareness of potential diagnostic pitfalls and careful evaluation of clinical and radiological data is necessary to narrow the differential diagnosis. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2002;27:111–114. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Peritoneal washing cytology findings of disseminated myxoid leiomyosarcoma of uterus: Report of a case with emphasis on possible differential diagnosis
Authors: Ng W.K. , Lui Philip C.W. , Ma Lily 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe report the cytology findings of a rare case of myxoid leiomyosarcoma of the uterus with intraabdominal dissemination. The cytology showed uniformly dispersed spindly to polygonal “epithelioid” tumor cells focally linked by background matrix. Spindly tumor cells attaching to and radiating from branching capillary structures were also present. Occasionally, scattered “signet‐ring” cells were found, mimicking metastatic poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. The background mucoid substance was more conspicuous in the cell block sections. Gross and histologic examination of the surgical specimen revealed a large uterine leiomyosarcoma with prominent myxoid change. Ultrastructural study showed that the “signet‐ring” appearance was mainly due to degenerative cytoplasmic change with ballooning of mitochondria, dilatation of endoplasmic reticulum, and elevation of outer nuclear membrane. In contrast to other spindle cell malignancies such as sarcomatoid mesothelioma, sarcomatoid carcinoma, or malignant melanoma, true sarcoma cells in general carry a distinctive cytologic appearance in washing/effusion fluid. In a correct clinical setting, the peculiar association with mucoid matrix and absence of classic lipoblasts should also raise the suspicion of metastatic myxoid leiomyosarcoma. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2002;27:47–52. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pharmacologic profile of zoledronic acid: A highly potent inhibitor of bone resorption
Authors: Green Jonathan R. , Rogers Michael J. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBisphosphonates are effective in treating benign and malignant skeletal diseases characterized by enhanced osteoclastic bone resorption (i.e., osteoporosis, Paget’s disease, tumor‐induced osteolysis). The nitrogen‐containing bisphosphonate pamidronate is currently the standard treatment for hypercalcemia of malignancy (HCM) and skeletal complications of bone metastases. Zoledronic acid, a novel nitrogen‐containing bisphosphonate with an imidazole substituent, has demonstrated more potent inhibition of osteoclast‐mediated bone resorption than all other bisphosphonates, including pamidronate, in both in vitro and in vivo preclinical models. Zoledronic acid inhibited ovariectomy‐induced bone loss in adult monkeys and rats, and long‐term treatment prevented skeletal turnover and subsequent bone loss, reduced cortical porosity, and increased mechanical strength. Zoledronic acid also significantly inhibited bone loss associated with arthritis, bone metastases, and prosthesis loosening. The increased potency of zoledronic acid vs. pamidronate has been demonstrated clinically: zoledronic acid (4 or 8 mg iv) was superior to pamidronate (90 mg iv) in normalizing corrected serum calcium in patients with HCM. In patients with bone metastases, low doses of zoledronic acid (≤ 2 mg) suppressed bone resorption markers ≤ 50% below baseline, whereas pamidronate 90 mg yielded only 20 to 30% suppression. Importantly, the increased potency of zoledronic acid is not associated with an increased incidence of local (bone) or systemic adverse events. Zoledronic acid does not impair bone mineralization and, compared with pamidronate, has a greater renal and intestinal tolerability therapeutic index. Thus, based on preclinical assays and clinical data, zoledronic acid is the most potent bisphosphonate tested to date. Given its potency and excellent safety profile, zoledronic acid is now poised to become the new standard of treatment for HCM and metastatic bone disease. Drug Dev. Res. 55:210–224, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.