bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Researching far right extremism—a transdisciplinary, lifeworld, and political culture perspective
Authors: Frankenberger Rolf , Baur Reiner , Rieger-Ladich Markus , Schmid Josef , Stauber Barbara , Thiel Ansgar , Thomas Tanja 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFar right extremism, understood as both an ideology of inequality and exclusion that manifests itself in attitudes and behavior as well as a heterogeneous movement, partially with affinity to violence, challenges and even threatens democratic societies. We argue that social science research on far right extremism contributes to strengthen democracy and civil society against this threat. By adopting a transdisciplinary, lifeworld (Lebenswelt) and political culture perspective, social science can contribute to this task and also help to overcome the fragmentation of the research field. In this article, we first provide an overview of current developments in social science research on far right extremism with a focus on Germany. Second, we outline five premises for such a transdisciplinary research perspective on far right extremism. Thus, we argue for adopting both a theoretical perspective built around the lifeword’ concept and methodological pluralism. Third, we propose four interrelated thematic clusters as a taxonomy of transdisciplinary research perspectives on far right extremism: a) Far right ideologies and knowledge constructions; b) Far right actors, organizations, and networks; c) Far right extremist discourses, (digital) media, and strategies in the public sphere; and d) political education, transfer, and implementation research regarding projects against far right extremism. Fourth, we argue that further institutionalization research on far right extremism is indispensable to make research on far right extremism more sustainable, to connect research with societal actors, and to utilize research results to strengthen society’s democratic resilience.
Analysis, Design, and Optimization of Robust Trajectories in Cislunar Environment for Limited-Capability Spacecraft
Authors: Giordano Carmine , Topputo Francesco 
Published: November 2023

AbstractNowadays, the space exploration is going in the direction of exploiting small platforms to get high scientific return at significantly lower costs. However, miniaturized spacecraft pose different challenges both from the technological and mission analysis point of view. While the former is in constant evolution due to the manufacturers, the latter is an open point, since it is still based on a traditional approach, not able to cope with the new platforms’ peculiarities. In this work, a revised preliminary mission analysis approach, merging the nominal trajectory optimization with a complete navigation assessment, is formulated in a general form and three main blocks composing it are identified. Then, the integrated approach is specialized for a cislunar test case scenario, represented by the transfer trajectory from a low lunar orbit to an halo orbit of the CubeSat LUMIO, and each block is modeled with mathematical means. Eventually, optimal solutions, minimizing the total costs, are sought, showing the benefits of an integrated approach.
A sequential quadratic programming based strategy for particle swarm optimization on single-objective numerical optimization
Authors: Hong Libin , Yu Xinmeng , Tao Guofang , Özcan Ender , Woodward John 
Published: November 2023

AbstractOver the last decade, particle swarm optimization has become increasingly sophisticated because well-balanced exploration and exploitation mechanisms have been proposed. The sequential quadratic programming method, which is widely used for real-parameter optimization problems, demonstrates its outstanding local search capability. In this study, two mechanisms are proposed and integrated into particle swarm optimization for single-objective numerical optimization. A novel ratio adaptation scheme is utilized for calculating the proportion of subpopulations and intermittently invoking the sequential quadratic programming for local search start from the best particle to seek a better solution. The novel particle swarm optimization variant was validated on CEC2013, CEC2014, and CEC2017 benchmark functions. The experimental results demonstrate impressive performance compared with the state-of-the-art particle swarm optimization-based algorithms. Furthermore, the results also illustrate the effectiveness of the two mechanisms when cooperating to achieve significant improvement.
Evaluating land use impacts on water quality: perspectives for watershed management
Authors: Siqueira Taís da Silva , Pessoa Leonardo Antunes , Vieira Luciane , Cionek Vivian de Mello , Singh Sudhir Kumar , Benedito Evanilde , do Couto Edivando Vitor 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHuman activities threaten the integrity of watersheds. We aimed to investigate the impact of land use on water quality, adopting a multiscale approach. We collected water samples from twelve streams in Southern Brazil and conducted limnological analyses (physical, chemical, and biological) during the dry season. We used the water quality index based on the quality standards of Canada and Brazil. Land use percentage was measured in two groups (local scale and network scale). Environmental variables were summarized through Principal Component Analysis, and we organized them into Linear Models, integrating the percentage of land use classes and terrain slope in the Multifit formula. Statistical analyses were performed using the R software. Results indicated contamination by lead, chromium, copper, nitrogen, andEscherichia coliin water samples. The Canadian Water Quality Guidelines for the Protection of Aquatic Life resulted in an index ranging from 23.3 to 47.3, compared to the Brazilian Resolution No. 357/2005 for Class 2, which had an index ranging from 47.5 to 100. This disparity is attributed to the more rigorous and sensitive monitoring approach adopted by the Canadian guidelines. Riparian forests which are up to 50 m wide are associated with improved water quality. Agricultural and urban activities were the main contributors to water quality degradation in an area extending up to 1000 m from the watershed. We emphasize the importance of a multiscale approach in watershed management and public policies, considering not only riparian forest preservation, but also human activities throughout the watershed. It is crucial to prioritize science-based environmental public policies and strengthen enforcement to prevent increasingly pronounced environmental collapses. We have identified the urgency to reformulate CONAMA Resolution No. 357/2005 with a more conservationist and ecosystem-oriented approach, as well as to propose modifications to the Brazilian Forest Code, particularly regarding the buffer zones of permanent preservation areas. Thus, this study can provide insights, such as incorporating the “effect scale,” to enhance water resource management in landscapes heavily influenced by human action, contributing to the advancement of future research in freshwater ecosystems.
Response surface optimization and sensitive analysis on biomagnetic blood Carreau nanofluid flow in stenotic artery with motile gyrotactic microorganisms
Authors: Tang Tao-Qian , Shah Zahir , Thumma Thirupathi , Rooman Muhammad , Vrinceanu Narcisa , Alshehri Mansoor H. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this study, we investigate blood flow in a small artery with a constriction using gold nanoparticles (Au) in the presence of microorganisms, mass, and heat transfer. The non-Newtonian behavior of blood fluid in slight arteries is quantitatively inspected by simulating blood flow using the Carreau fluid model. Momentum equations incorporating magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) and Darcy–Forchheimer porous media are used to model the fluid flow. Heat transfer properties, including thermal radiation, joule dissipation, and bio-convective microorganisms, are investigated. Blood serves as the base fluid for the nanofluid, which contains gold nanoparticles. The system's nonlinear partial differential equations are transformed into nonlinear ODEs through suitable transformations. To obtain numerical solutions for these ODEs, the homotopy analysis method is used. The physical implications of flow restrictions are compared with fictitious fluid flow using physical interpretations. Additionally, investigations into the interpretations of blood flow based on drag force and heat transfer are being conducted. ANOVA, or analysis of variance, is a dependable statistical tool used to evaluate regression models and a variety of statistical tests. These investigations include error assessments, total error evaluations, F-values, p-values, and model fit assessments. These statistical investigations were applied to the dataset at hand, with the goal of achieving a robust 95% level of confidence. We investigate the effects of minute adjustments in parameters on both the heat transfer rate and the friction factor rate using these analyses. The study intends to dive deeper into the potential effects of minor changes in one or more factors on the overall effectiveness of surface friction rate and the larger domain of thermal energy transfer. This will be performed by employing sensitivity analysis approaches. This strategy allows us to obtain a better understanding of how minor changes to specific parameters might affect the speed of thermal energy conveyance and fluid flow management. Furthermore, it lays the framework for future studies aimed at optimising system designs.

Article highlights

We examined blood based MHD Au-nanofluid flow in the presence of microorganisms applying Carreau fluid model.

To model the nanofluid flow we used, Darcy-Forchheimer porous media and heat transfer properties.

Analysis of variance is a dependable statistical tool is used for the finding of regression models and a variety of statistical tests.
Erosion patterns, drainage dynamics, and their environmental implications: a case study of the hammamet basin using advanced geospatial and morphometric analysis
Authors: Taib Hassan , Hadji Riheb , Hamed Younes 
Published: November 2023

AbstractUnderstanding erosion patterns and drainage conditions is crucial for optimizing agricultural productivity and for addressing the challenges of wastewater treatment. To achieve this, we employed a comprehensive approach, combining the morphometric method with weighted sum and Geospatial techniques. Utilizing a 30-m-wide Digital Elevation Model (DEM), specifically the Aster DEM, and leveraging ArcGIS software, we meticulously delineated drainage systems and watershed boundaries. Through the application of standard formulas, we calculated areal, linear, and relief parameters to effectively rank and prioritize the sub-watersheds. Our examination led to the calculation of a composite factor, determined through an assessment of 18 morphometric criteria employing a weighted summation approach for each subcatchment. The outcomes of our research unveiled a wide range of compound factor values, spanning from − 0.128 to 9.28. This study underscores the pivotal role of the minimal compound factor value in determining the sustainability of sub-watersheds. As a practical illustration, we found that Basin 3 exhibited superior sustainability when compared to Basin 4, primarily attributable to soil erosion issues in the latter. Sub-watersheds were additionally grouped into classes according to their composite factor values, commonly characterized as highly favorable, favorable, intermediate, or unfavorable, providing insights into their vulnerability to erosion. Moreover, our research pinpointed Basin 4 and Basin 7 as highly vulner able to soil erosion, with a combined area of 294.9 km2. The implications for wastewater treatment are significant in these areas, as proper water and soil conservation techniques are imperative not only for the sustainable management of these lands but also for mitigating the environmental impact of the wastewater treatment process.
Porous carbon material production from microwave-assisted pyrolysis of peanut shell
Authors: Qiu Tianhao , Li Chengxiang , Guang Mengmeng , Zhang Yaning 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDue to the complex porous structure, biochar usually has good adsorption capacity. Therefore, compared with direct combustion, conversion of peanut shell into biochar by pyrolysis is considered to be an environmentally friendly and efficient method for agricultural solid waste disposal. In this study, biochar production from microwave-assisted pyrolysis of peanut shell was detailed. The yields, surface topographies, and pore structures (pore size distribution and micropore volume) of biochars prepared at different pyrolysis temperatures (700, 750, 800, 850, 900, and 950 °C), microwave powers (350, 400, 450, 500, and 550 W), and residence times (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 3.0 h) were elaborated. The results showed that the biochar yield gradually decreased and finally stabilized to around 30% while the specific surface area improved within the range of 4.68–67.29 m2/g when the pyrolysis temperature, microwave power, or residence time increased. Biochar with micropore was first obtained at pyrolysis temperature of 800 °C, microwave power of 500 W, and residence time of 2.0 h. This study further proposed quantitative relationships between the pore structures of peanut shell based biochars and experimental conditions (pyrolysis temperature, microwave power and residence time). The results presented in this study can provide guidance for the reuse of peanut shell and the production of porous biochar. The peanut shell biochar prepared in this study can be used in soil remediation, air purification, liquid purification and other fields for its porous structural characteristics.
ON THE EXISTENCE OF STRONG PROOF COMPLEXITY GENERATORS
Authors: KRAJÍČEK JAN 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCook and Reckhow [5] pointed out that
$\mathcal {N}\mathcal {P} \neq co\mathcal {N}\mathcal {P}$
iff there is no propositional proof system that admits polynomial size proofs of all tautologies. The theory of proof complexity generators aims at constructing sets of tautologies hard for strong and possibly for all proof systems. We focus on a conjecture from [16] in foundations of the theory that there is a proof complexity generator hard for all proof systems. This can be equivalently formulated (for p-time generators) without a reference to proof complexity notions as follows:•There exists a p-time function g stretching each input by one bit such that its range
$rng(g)$
intersects all infinite
$\mathcal {N}\mathcal {P}$
sets.We consider several facets of this conjecture, including its links to bounded arithmetic (witnessing and independence results), to time-bounded Kolmogorov complexity, to feasible disjunction property of propositional proof systems and to complexity of proof search. We argue that a specific gadget generator from [18] is a good candidate for g. We define a new hardness property of generators, the
$\bigvee $
-hardness, and show that one specific gadget generator is the
$\bigvee $
-hardest (w.r.t. any sufficiently strong proof system). We define the class of feasibly infinite
$\mathcal {N}\mathcal {P}$
sets and show, assuming a hypothesis from circuit complexity, that the conjecture holds for all feasibly infinite
$\mathcal {N}\mathcal {P}$
sets.
We can be more, but first, who are we?
Authors: Blacksmith Nikki , Schmittzehe Tom 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis commentary argues that industrial-organizational psychology can be a conduit for greater good by focusing on the United Nations sustainable development goal number 8 which calls for decent work for all. However, before industrial-organizational (I-O) psychology can truly be used for the greater good it must reckon with our identity crisis: who does I-O psychology serve, the worker or organization? We argue that under a capitalistic model, there is no clear path to working with organizations to provide decent work and economic growth simultaneously. Thus, it is critical that the I-O psychology field clarifies its purpose and identity.
Divergent Behavior of Hydrothermal Plumes in Fresh Versus Salty Icy Ocean Worlds
Authors: Bire Suyash , Mittal Tushar , Kang Wanying , Ramadhan Ali , Tuckman Philip J. , German Christopher R. , Thurnherr Andreas M. , Marshall John 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWater parcels close to their freezing point contract and become heavy on warming if they are sufficiently fresh (salinity less than 22g kg−1 for earth's ocean), but expand and become buoyant when salty (salinity greater than 22g kg−1). We explore the resulting divergent behavior of hydrothermal plumes in fresh versus salty icy ocean worlds, with particular emphasis on Europa and Enceladus. Large, salty, putative Europa‐like oceans, develop buoyant plumes which rise upwards in the water column when energized by localized hydrothermal vents. Instead, small, fresher, putative Enceladus‐like oceans, can develop bottom‐hugging gravity currents when heated near the freezing point, due to the anomalous contraction of fluid parcels on warming. Such a bottom‐filling regime would most likely be a transient stage in the evolution of an icy moon over geological time. The contrasting dynamics are highlighted and rationalized in terms of key non‐dimensional numbers with a focus on the ability of ocean to carry bio‐markers from the hydrothermal activity at the bottom to the ice shell at the top. Finally, the implications of our study for prioritizing future missions to icy moons are discussed. An advantage of a mission to a large icy moon (e.g., Europa), rather than a smaller target (e.g., Enceladus), is that a larger moon's ocean would likely support buoyant convection, which could bring signatures of seafloor venting to the outer ice‐shell regardless of that ocean's salinity. For smaller icy moons, the nature of convection would hinge on its assumed salinity.
Nighttime Geomagnetic Response to Jumps of Solar Wind Dynamic Pressure: A Possible Cause of Québec Blackout in March 1989
Authors: Zhang T. , Ebihara Y. , Tanaka T. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBy performing a global magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulation, we investigated magnetic disturbances on the ground at high‐latitudes in response to jumps in the solar wind dynamic pressure, namely a sudden commencement (SC). After the arrival of the jump, a pair of field‐aligned currents (FACs), related to the preliminary impulse, develop and travel in the anti‐sunward direction. Soon after another pair related to the main impulse (MI) appears and travels in the anti‐sunward direction. The horizontal ionospheric current associated with the MI remains strong when propagating to the nightside. On the dawnside the MI current flows sunward (anti‐sunward) resulting in northward (southward) ground magnetic disturbance at higher (lower) latitude in the post‐midnight sector. These features are similar to those observed in Canada in the high‐latitude post‐midnight sector when the Québec blackout took place on 13 March 1989. The nighttime geomagnetic perturbations associated with the MI occur regardless of the magnitude of the solar wind dynamic pressure and IMF orientation. The amplitude of the geoelectric field, which is closely related to the geomagnetically induced currents (GICs), reaches the maximum value just before and around the maximum of the southward magnetic disturbance. This is consistent with the moment at which the blackout occurred during the southward magnetic perturbation. We suggest that the blackout in Québec could be caused by the MI‐associated Hall current passing over the Hydro‐Québec power system on the nightside. The nighttime polar region is shown to be sensitive to hazardous GICs for large‐amplitude jumps in the solar wind dynamic pressure.
Variability of Ionosphere Over Indian Longitudes to a Variety of Space Weather Events During December 2006
Authors: Ranjan Alok Kuman , Sunil Krishna M. V. , Amory‐Mazaudier C. , Fleury R. , Sripathi S. , Vichare Geeta , Younas W. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis paper highlights the impact of intense solar events over India during 3–20 December 2006. Ionospheric effects of a major solar flare (X9) on December 5 (10:35 UT) have been investigated by using dayside and nightside magnetometer data, dayside ionosondes, and dayside GPS vTEC observations. On the next day, a stream of fast solar wind hits the magnetosphere, causing a HILDCAA (High Intensity Long Duration Continuous Auroral Activity) preceded by moderate geomagnetic storm. The origin and characteristics of a positive ionospheric storm which occurred over Tirunelveli (TIR, geomagnetic latitude: −0.18°N) in the recovery phase of storm due to simultaneous presence of enhanced O/N2 and WEJ or weakened EEJ during the HILDCAA (7th and 8th of December) is investigated. Subsequently, on December 14, the most powerful CME since the Halloween event impacts the Earth, and three SSCs are recorded on December 14, 16, and 18. The variability of the ionosphere over the Indian longitude sector due to these intense space weather fluctuations is presented by utilizing the magnetometers, ionosonde, GPS vTEC, and satellite‐based observations in the same region. This study reports the influence of prompt penetration of the magnetospheric convection electric field and the disturbance dynamo on several key ionospheric and magnetic parameters within the Indian longitude sector.
Nickel-catalyzed direct stereoselective α-allylation of ketones with non-conjugated dienes
Authors: Cao Yi-Xuan , Wodrich Matthew D. , Cramer Nicolai 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe development of efficient and sustainable methods for the construction of carbon-carbon bonds with the simultaneous stereoselective generation of vicinal stereogenic centers is a longstanding goal in organic chemistry. Low-valent nickel(0) complexes which promote α-functionalization of carbonyls leveraging its pro-nucleophilic character in conjunction with suitable olefin acceptors are scarce. We report a Ni(0)NHC catalyst which selectively converts ketones and non-conjugated dienes to synthetically highly valuable α-allylated products. The catalyst directly activates the α-hydrogen atom of the carbonyl substrate transferring it to the olefin acceptor. The transformation creates adjacent quaternary and tertiary stereogenic centers in a highly diastereoselective and enantioselective manner. Computational studies indicate the ability of the Ni(0)NHC catalyst to trigger a ligand-to-ligand hydrogen transfer process from the ketone α-hydrogen atom to the olefin substrate, setting the selectivity of the process. The shown selective functionalization of the α-C-H bond of carbonyl groups by the Ni(0)NHC catalyst opens up new opportunities to exploit sustainable 3d-metal catalysis for a stereoselective access to valuable chiral building blocks.