bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revisiting the Electrochemical Reduction Mechanism of Nitrosobenzene in Acetonitrile. Concomitant Reactions and Voltammetric Simulation
Authors: Palacios‐Ramírez Jesús I. , González Felipe J. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe electrochemical reduction mechanism of nitrosobenzene in acetonitrile was reconsidered in this work. The commonly accepted mechanism assumes that the nitrosobenzene radical anion dimerize to yield a dianion, which decompose into azoxybenzene as the reduction product. Even though this proposal is consistent with preparative experiments, it does not reproduce fully the experimental voltammetric behaviour when it is simulated. Also, It does not explain why the apparent electron number is different in the time scale of cyclic voltammetry and preparative electrolysis. To understand these discrepancies, it was proposed the intervention of reactions consuming part of the starting nitrosobenzene, which allowed to reconsider the role of alternative chemical reactions like that occurring between the anion of phenylhydroxylamine with nitrosobenzene and the hydroxyl ion with nitrosobenzene. In this framework, these concomitant reactions were additionally included in the mechanism to simulate the voltammetric behaviour at different scan rates. Thermodynamic and kinetic parameters of the extended mechanism are reported. Since in the hydroxyl ion is either product or reactive in some reaction steps, the global mechanism was deemed to occurs as a kind of loop.
CRUSE®—An innovative mobile application for patient monitoring and management in chronic spontaneous urticaria
Authors: Neisinger Sophia , Sousa Pinto Bernardo , Ramanauskaite Aiste , Bousquet Jean , Weller Karsten , Metz Martin , Magerl Markus , Kocatürk Emek , Cherrez‐Ojeda Ivan , Gimenez‐Arnau Ana M. , Parisi Claudio Alberto S. , Altrichter Sabine , Ensina Luis Felipe , Bouillet Laurence , Asero Riccardo , Gonçalo Margarida , Guillet Carole , Rutkowski Krzysztof , Bernstein Jonathan A. , Hardin Hannah , Godse Kiran , Brzoza Zenon , Sousa Jose Ignacio Larco , Thomsen Simon Francis , van Doorn Martijn , Hide Michihiro , Ye Young‐Min , Vandersee Staffan , Lapiņa Lāsma , Peter Jonny , Zhao Zuotao , Han Lianyi , Nasr Iman , Rockmann‐Helmbach Heike , Sørensen Jennifer Astrup , Kara Rabia Öztaş , Kurjāne Natalja , Kurchenko Andrii I. , Kaidashev Igor , Tsaryk Vladyslav , Stepanenko Roman , Maurer Marcus 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundChronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is unpredictable and can severely impair patients' quality of life. Patients with CSU need a convenient, user‐friendly platform to complete patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) on their mobile devices. CRUSE®, the Chronic Urticaria Self Evaluation app, aims to address this unmet need.MethodsCRUSE® was developed by an international steering committee of urticaria specialists. Priorities for the app based on recent findings in CSU were defined to allow patients to track and record their symptoms and medication use over time and send photographs. The CRUSE® app collects patient data such as age, sex, disease onset, triggers, medication, and CSU characteristics that can be sent securely to physicians, providing real‐time insights. Additionally, CRUSE® contains PROMs to assess disease activity and control, which are individualised to patient profiles and clinical manifestations.ResultsCRUSE® was launched in Germany in March 2022 and is now available for free in 17 countries. It is adapted to the local language and displays a country‐specific list of available urticaria medications. English and Ukrainian versions are available worldwide. From July 2022 to June 2023, 25,710 observations were documented by 2540 users; 72.7% were females, with a mean age of 39.6 years. At baseline, 93.7% and 51.3% of users had wheals and angioedema, respectively. Second‐generation antihistamines were used in 74.0% of days.ConclusionsThe initial data from CRUSE® show the wide use and utility of effectively tracking patients' disease activity and control, paving the way for personalised CSU management.
Estimation of age of onset and progression of breast cancer by absolute risk dependent on polygenic risk score and other risk factors
Authors: Bhatt Rikesh , van den Hout Ardo , Antoniou Antonis C. , Shah Mitul , Ficorella Lorenzo , Steggall Emily , Easton Douglas F. , Pharoah Paul D. P. , Pashayan Nora 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundGenetic, lifestyle, reproductive, and anthropometric factors are associated with the risk of developing breast cancer. However, it is not yet known whether polygenic risk score (PRS) and absolute risk based on a combination of risk factors are associated with the risk of progression of breast cancer. This study aims to estimate the distribution of sojourn time (pre‐clinical screen‐detectable period) and mammographic sensitivity by absolute breast cancer risk derived from polygenic proﬁle and the other risk factors.MethodsThe authors used data from a population‐based case‐control study. Six categories of 10‐year absolute risk based on different combinations of risk factors were derived using the Breast and Ovarian Analysis of Disease Incidence and Carrier Estimation Algorithm. Women were classiﬁed into low, medium, and high‐risk groups. The authors constructed a continuous‐time multistate model. To calculate the sojourn time, they simulated the trajectories of subjects through the disease states.ResultsThere was little diﬀerence in sojourn time with a large overlap in the 95% conﬁdence interval (CI) between the risk groups across the six risk categories and PRS studied. However, the age of entry into the screen‐detectable state varied by risk category, with the mean age of entry of 53.4 years (95% CI, 52.2–54.1) and 57.0 years (95% CI, 55.1–57.7) in the high‐risk and low‐risk women, respectively.ConclusionIn risk‐stratiﬁed breast screening, the age at the start of screening, but not necessarily the frequency of screening, should be tailored to a woman’s risk level. The optimal risk‐stratiﬁed screening strategy that would improve the beneﬁt‐to‐harm balance and the cost‐eﬀectiveness of the screening programs needs to be studied.
Efficacy of reinforcing sutures for prevention of anastomotic leakage after low anterior resection for rectal cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Shuanhu , Zhang Yi , Tao Song , Liu Yakui , Shi Yi , Guan Jiajia , Liu Mulin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesAnastomotic leakage is a serious complication following surgery for cancer of the rectum. It is not clear whether reinforcing sutures could prevent anastomotic leakage. Therefore, this study aims at evaluating the efficacy of reinforcing sutures on anastomotic leakage.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases from inception to January 31, 2023. We included studies comparing anastomosis with reinforcing sutures to anastomosis without reinforcing sutures after low anterior resection. Risk of bias was assessed by the Cochrane tool for RCTs and the Risk of Bias in Non‐Randomized Studies (ROBINS)‐I tool for observational studies. The overall quality of evidence for primary outcome was assessed using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluations methodology.ResultsTwo RCTs (345 patients) and four observational studies (783 patients) were included. Anastomotic leakage occurred in 4.4% (24 of 548) of patients with reinforcing sutures and 11.9% (69 of 580) of patients without reinforcing sutures. Meta‐analysis showed a lower incidence of anastomotic leakage (RR, 0.41; 95% CI 0.25 to 0.66, low certainty) in patients with reinforcing sutures. Operative time (WMD, −3.66; 95% CI −18.58 to 11.25) and reoperation for anastomotic leakage (RR, 0.69; 95% CI 0.23 to 2.08) were similar between patients with reinforcing sutures and those without reinforcing sutures.ConclusionsWhile observational data suggest that, there is a clear benefit in terms of reducing the risk of anastomotic leakage with the use of reinforcing sutures, RCT data are less clear. Further large, prospective studies are warranted to determine whether a true clinically important benefit exists with this technique.
Manure, Environmental Impact, and Soil Health: Technologies, Application, and Benefits
Authors: Bock Bert 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis is the fourth article in our series on soil health and greenhouse gas emissions on U.S. dairies associated with crop production. In this article, we’ll look at innovative manure products that might help dairy farmers better manage their manure resources and answer some key questions. Earn 1 CEU in Sustainability by reading this article and taking the quiz at https://web.sciencesocieties.org/Learning‐Center/Courses.
Enhancing performance of solar stills ‐ A review
Authors: Sinha Anjali , Venkatesh S. , Kumar Rajendran Senthil 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSolar stills can be an easy and environmentally viable solution in today's world, where a lack of fresh water sources is a major challenge. Solar stills, on the other hand, aren't economically viable due to their poor efficiency. It has been the subject of several studies to improve its efficiency and output. The goal of this review article is to understand and summarize recent studies conducted to improve the efficiency and commercial viability of solar stills. It focuses on using experimental and numerical techniques to manipulate different parameters that affect freshwater production in stills in order to arrive at a suitable condition where the efficiency and productivity of the solar still are maximized. Effects of modifications such as addition of baffles, fans, fins, phase change material (PCM), etc., and its consequent influence on freshwater production rate are presented in this article. Fins, for example, improved the efficiency of solar still by about 40% and productivity by about 16%. PCMs too increased the productivity rate by around 50%–90% depending on the type of PCM used. Baffles were found to be more effective when they were mounted closer to the front wall of the solar still. The findings and conclusions of all the studies are summarized. This review article aims to provide an overview of solar stills and the various modifications that may be done to improve their overall efficiency.
Spray drying encapsulation of essential oils: Insights on various factors affecting the physicochemical properties of the microcapsules
Authors: Phanse Shirish K. , Chandra Sudeshna 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSpray drying is a process that involves instantaneous conversion of a liquid or slurry into a free‐flowing powder in the presence of hot air or nitrogen gas current in a drying chamber. The technique is usually used to encapsulate active molecules like essential oils, plant extracts, fragrances, flavours and enzymes within a wall material. The encapsulation provides chemical and physical stability to the actives by converting them into free‐flowing powders which prevents their susceptibility to external atmospheric conditions like temperature, humidity, UV exposure and chemical oxidation. Spray drying encapsulation has an edge over other encapsulation techniques because it is fast, simple, efficient and economically feasible. The article focuses on encapsulating various essential oils within natural polymers and emulsifiers by spray drying methods to form stable microcapsules. The review also provides information on different types of spray drying equipment and process parameters like the type of atomiszer and nozzles, inlet–outlet temperature and type of cyclones. All the process parameters and materials are found to influence the physicochemical properties of the microencapsulates of essential oils. The review also discusses the effects of process parameters and materials on the encapsulation efficiency, moisture content, bulk and tapped density, agglomeration properties and thermal stability of the microencapsulates. Thus, the consolidated review will provide an overview of various optimization parameters and governing factors for obtaining microencapsulates of essential oils.
Bilayer coatings for extension of the shelf life of fish fillets: Incorporating seaweed sulfated polysaccharides in chitosan‐alginate LbL structures
Authors: Khorami Fatemeh , Babaei Sedigheh , Valizadeh Shahriyar , Naseri Mahmood , Golmakani Mohammad‐Taghi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe aim of this study was to develop a new active coating of layer‐by‐layer (LbL) structure composed of alginate (as polyanions) and chitosan (as a polycation) containing sulfated polysaccharide (fucoidan) from Sargassum angustifolium, to protect rainbow trout fillets during refrigerated storage. Chitosan and alginate do not combine with each other as a homogeneous solution, so they are suitable for multilayer coatings. The results demonstrated that coating samples with chitosan and fucoidan significantly improved the quality of fish fillets and extended their shelf life from 6 to 16 days. The chemical values (TBARS and TVB‐N) and bacterial growth (total viable count (TVC), total psychrophilic count (PTC), and lactic acid bacteria (LAB)) indicated lower levels in the LbL coating samples containing fucoidan compared to the alginate and control samples. Among the different coating samples, the LbL coating with fucoidan (AChF1) exhibited lower weight loss, improved chromaticity (L*, a*, and b*), and minimal changes in mechanical and sensory evaluations. Based on the findings, AChF1 was the most effective treatment for increasing the shelf life of rainbow trout fillets during refrigerated storage. Therefore, it has potential applications in the food packaging industry.
Allicin inhibits the biological activities of cervical cancer cells by suppressing circEIF4G2
Authors: Yifan Mao , Rui Xu , Yuan Li , Feiyun Jiang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAllicin is a safe herbal extract believed to have antitumor effects, which, however, remain unclear. The aim of the present work was to discuss Allicin antitumor effects on cervical cancer using cell experiments. Using Hela and Siha to our research objectives in our study, first step, difference concentration of Allicin (20, 40, and 80 μM) treated Hela and Siha cell lines, and next step, discuss circEIF4G2 effects in Allicin antitumor effects in Hela and Siha cell lines; the cell proliferation and EdU‐positive cell number by CCK‐8 and EdU staining; cell apoptosis rate by flow cytometry; invasion cell number by transwell assay; wound healing rate by wound healing assay; and relative mRNA and protein levels using qRT‐PCR and WB assay. With Allicin supplement, the cell proliferation and EdU‐positive cell number were significantly depressed with cell apoptosis rate significantly increasing; invasion cell number and wound healing rate significantly suppressed with circEIF4G2 mRNA expression significantly down‐regulation (p < .05, respectively). However, there was no significant difference among Allicin, si‐circEIF4G2, and Allicin+si‐circEIF4G2 in cell biological activities including cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and migration, and relative gene and protein expression. Allicin depresses biological activities of cervical cancer cells through down‐regulating circEIF4G2/HOXA1/AKT/mTOR.
Indigenous knowledge and nutritional and morphological characterization of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moecnh) varieties in Western Ethiopia
Authors: Mohammed Hasebu Yassin , Teferra Tadesse Fikre , Sime Getachew 
Published: January 2024

AbstractOkra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moecnh) is a versatile crop that is widely grown in western Ethiopia, despite that it is less researched. This study, therefore, investigates the traditional knowledge, nutritional, and morphological characteristics of two commonly grown okra varieties (Kenketse and Sharma) in west Ethiopia. A semi‐structured questionnaire, checklist, and observations were used to collect primary data from households, key informants, and farms. In addition, proximate composition parameters like moisture content, total ash, crude fat, crude protein, crude fiber, utilizable carbohydrates, and gross energy fruits were measured through laboratory analysis. Fruit morphological traits, including fruit dimensions such as length and width, were determined using a digital Vernier caliper. For data analysis, SPSS software was used. The results revealed that the entire plant is used for both food and ethnomedicinal purposes. Curing ailments such as stomach pain, constipation, wound/cut, heart discomfort, back pain, malaria, diarrhea, and amoebae were among the medical benefits of okra. The proximate composition (%) on a dry matter basis of okra fruits differed significantly (p < .05) by cultivar type and drying method. Moisture (3.69%–5.24%), total ash (6.60%–8.01%), crude fat (4.87%–8.58%), crude protein (4.06%–5.23%), crude fiber (12.85%–15.26%), utilizable carbohydrate (56.42%–67.63%), and gross energy contents (326–341 kcal) were the ranges of the various proximate and energy levels. Morphological characteristics of fruit and leaf length, width, and length‐to‐width ratio varied with cultivar type, where Sharma had more than double the length of Kenketse (70.1 vs. 187.1 mm). Despite being an undervalued native vegetable crop in Ethiopia, the study's findings show that okra is a multipurpose vegetable for promoting human health and ensuring food and nutritional security. Therefore, stepping up its production, marketing, and consumption could help alleviate the food shortage and improve human nutrition and health in the study areas.
The microfoundations of international commitment decisions: Creating joint opportunity meanings
Authors: Eriksson Mikael , Tippmann Esther 
Published: January 2024

AbstractResearch SummaryDespite a vast body of theory on internationalization processes, little is known about the microfoundations of how firms deal with internal groups' diverse views when trying to make international commitment decisions. Drawing on the concept of opportunity formation and a detailed case study, we develop a model that shows how, under the condition of diverse internal meanings, firms can make an international commitment decision by creating “joint opportunity meanings.” We show how imagination plays an essential role in achieving this decision. Our study contributes to global strategy in multiple ways, including detailing some microfoundations of internationalization process theory, assessing group‐level dynamics in global strategy decision‐making, and advancing insights into the relationship between opportunity formation and imagination.Managerial SummaryThis paper explains how global organizations can reach a decision to commit to an opportunity in a foreign market in a situation characterized by disagreement among internal groups. We found how it was critical to move from diverse views on an opportunity to joint opportunity meanings, whereby the groups mutually accomplish a description of the opportunity with an agreed and common terminology that is ambiguous enough to accommodate remaining diversity in views. In this process, managers' forward‐looking imaginations, in combination with socialization and symbolic actions, were crucial. Our paper highlights how local ideas in complex multinationals can be spread with the intent to reach key decision‐makers and how firms can reach sufficiently overlapping meanings that enable them to strategically move forward while allowing for the plurality of views that multinationals often exhibit.
Japanese physicians' perceptions of conflicts of interest with pharmaceutical companies: Estimating two different questioning approaches
Authors: Saito Hiroaki , Ozaki Akihiko , Murakami Michio , Takebayashi Yoshitake 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDespite being one of the world's largest pharmaceutical markets, interactions between Japanese physicians and pharmaceutical companies often remain opaque. Importantly, potential conflicts of interest associated with these interactions can compromise patient care and increase costs. We conducted an online survey of Japanese physicians to elucidate perspectives on pharmaceutical company promotional activities and how these influence physician prescribing patterns. Anticipating that physicians might downplay their reliance on, or the value of, pharmaceutical company‐provided information, the survey incorporated a direct questioning method and an unmatched count technique (UCT) to identify hidden perceptions on factors likely to influence prescribing. Overall, 1080 eligible physicians participated. Of these, 105 (9.7%) self‐identified as hospital directors or managers. Surprisingly, nearly twice as many participants responding to direct questioning (18.9%) versus those responding to the UCT (10.1%) asserted that information provided by pharmaceutical companies was important when prescribing medicine. Hospital directors or managers (adjusted odds ratio [adjOR] 2.56, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.00–6.54, reference = physician without title) and frequent interactions with pharmaceutical sales representatives (adjOR 5.96, 95% CI: 1.88–18.9, reference = rare interaction) significantly valued the information from sales representatives and sponsored lectures when considering prescribing decisions. Additionally, 77.1% of respondents believed that sales representatives provide fair, neutral, or relatively honest and unbiased information about their products. Few Japanese physicians acknowledged the influence of industry‐provided information on prescribing patterns. Our study uniquely applies two distinct question formats, providing a novel approach to understanding the depth of physician‐industry relationships and the effectiveness of various survey methodologies.
Context is key: A 34‐country analysis investigating how similar HRM systems emerge from similar contexts
Authors: Mayrhofer Wolfgang , Biemann Torsten , Koch‐Bayram Irmela , Rapp Marco L. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractUsing an institutional lens, we investigate the isomorphic effects of both external and internal contexts on human resource management (HRM) systems. Our analysis uses data from 4768 organizations across 34 countries to focus on the similarities in HRM systems. By employing distance matrices, a commonly adopted method in geographic science, we find that both external and internal contexts affect (dis)similarities in HRM systems. Organizations in similar environments exhibit more similar HRM systems. Furthermore, we find that the devolvement of HRM activities from HRM to line management reduces the similarity of HRM systems across organizations. By contrast, a strong strategic position of HRM does not yield a comparable effect. Our study's main contributions include elucidating the multifaceted relationship between context and HRM, highlighting the HRM department's role in this relationship, clarifying the context–HRM connection via the concept of isomorphic pressures, and illustrating the use of distance matrices as tool with great explanatory power for the analysis of similarities among HRM phenomena.