bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phenotypic variations in M2 generation by ethyl methanesulfonate mutagenesis in lucerne (Medicago sativa L.)
Authors: Jade S. S. , Gaikwad V. N. , Jadhav S. P. , Takawale P. S. , Bahulikar R. A. 
Published: October 2023

Context Mutagenesis is an effective method to create genetic variation in an available accession. Aim This study aimed to generate variability in a genetically distinct genotype of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) by using a chemical mutagen. Methods Eight different ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) concentrations were used to determine lethal dose for 50% of the population (LD50). Among them, two EMS concentrations were used to treat 20 000 seeds of BAL-08-01 accession. A total of 8301 individual plants from 1225 families in the second generation (M2) were established under field conditions. Phenotypic observations were recorded as per Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability (DUS) testing guidelines. Key results Wide variations were observed for all phenotypic characters. Among these, green fodder yield, plant height and number of tillers varied with a range of 1–372.5 g, 8.1–120.8 cm and 0–77 per plant, respectively. Variations were also recorded for other characters such as leaf shape, flower colour, primary branching, etc. A total of 86.76% of plants showed purple colour flowers. Principal component analysis was performed for fodder characters from each EMS concentration. First, two principal components contributed an overall 97.06% variability. M2 plants outside 95% ellipses show the highest phenotypic variations. Conclusion EMS is effective in inducing mutation in lucerne. Phenotypic mutations were recognised in the M2 generation for the quantitative and qualitative characters and green fodder yield. Implications The resulting high level of variability will serve as source material for the improvement of lucerne for various traits.
The growth habits of tropical legumes affect the nutritive herbage value more than harvesting frequency
Authors: Sales-Silva Tafnes B. , Santos Mércia V. F. dos , Oliveira Osniel F. de , Silva Pedro H. F. da , Souza Evaristo J. O. de , Neto Djalma E. Simões , Silva Neto Abdias J. da , Cunha Márcio V. da 
Published: October 2023

Context Harvest regimes may change the nutritive herbage value of tropical legumes depending on growth habit and regrowth capability. Aim This study aimed to compare the nutritive values of butterfly pea herb (Clitoria ternatea L.) to the sub-shrub stylo cv. Campo Grande (Stylosanthes capitata Vog. × Stylosanthes macrocephala M. B. Ferr. & N. S. Costa) and shrub hedge lucerne (Desmanthus pernambucanus (L.) Thellung) harvested at 60 and 90-day regrowth. Methods The trial used a randomised complete block design with a split-plot arrangement and four replicates. Leaves and stems were collected in the rainy seasons of 2019 and 2020 and analysed for chemical-bromatological composition and digestibility. Key results Higher crude protein contents were observed in butterfly pea (233 g/kg) than in stylo leaves (179 g/kg). Elevated proportions of insoluble fractions of carbohydrates (259 g/kg) and proteins (137 g/kg) were found in hedge lucerne leaves, also extremely high levels of condensed tannins (303 g/kg). High levels of dry matter digestibility were found in stylo (788 g/kg) and butterfly pea leaves (774 g/kg). The harvest frequencies changed the nutritive values inconsistently. Conclusions The butterfly pea herb and the sub-shrub stylo cv. Campo Grande can be managed under varied harvest frequencies without changing the nutritional value significantly. Prolonged harvest intervals must be avoided in hedge lucerne management for animal feeding because of its high contents of secondary metabolites. Implications This study restated the already-known nutritional variations among tropical legumes due to different growth habits and revealed a significant presence of condensed tannins in hedge lucerne’s leaves.
Leadless epicardial pacing at the left ventricular apex: an animal study
Authors: Backhoff David , Müller Matthias J , Wilberg Yannic , Eildermann Katja , Paul Thomas , Zenker Dieter , Krause Ulrich 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Aims
State-of-the-art pacemaker implantation technique in infants and small children consists of pace/sense electrodes attached to the epicardium and a pulse generator in the abdominal wall with a significant rate of dysfunction during growth, mostly attributable to lead failure. In order to overcome lead-related problems, feasibility of epicardial implantation of a leadless pacemaker at the left ventricular apex in a growing animal model was studied.

Methods and results
Ten lambs (median body weight 26.8 kg) underwent epicardial implantation of a Micra transcatheter pacing system (TPS) pacemaker (Medtronic Inc., Minneapolis, USA). Using a subxyphoid access, the Micra was introduced through a short, thick-walled tube to increase tissue contact and to prevent tilting from the epicardial surface. The Micra's proprietary delivery system was firmly pressed against the heart, while the Micra was pushed forward out of the sheath allowing the tines to stick into the left ventricular apical epimyocardium. Pacemakers were programmed to VVI 30/min mode. Pacemaker function and integrity was followed for 4 months after implantation. After implantation, median intrinsic R-wave amplitude was 5 mV [interquartile range (IQR) 2.8–7.5], and median pacing impedance was 2235 Ω (IQR 1725–2500), while the median pacing threshold was 2.13 V (IQR 1.25–2.9) at 0.24 ms. During follow-up, 6/10 animals had a significant increase in pacing threshold with loss of capture at maximum output at 0.24 ms in 2/10 animals. After 4 months, median R-wave amplitude had dropped to 2.25 mV (IQR 1.2–3.6), median pacing impedance had decreased to 595 Ω (IQR 575–645), and median pacing threshold had increased to 3.3 V (IQR 1.8–4.5) at 0.24 ms. Explantation of one device revealed deep penetration of the Micra device into the myocardium.

Conclusion
Short-term results after epicardial implantation of the Micra TPS at the left ventricular apex in lambs were satisfying. During mid-term follow-up, however, pacing thresholds increased, resulting in loss of capture in 2/10 animals. Penetration of one device into the myocardium was of concern. The concept of epicardial leadless pacing seems very attractive, and the current shape of the Micra TPS makes the device unsuitable for epicardial placement in growing organisms.
Investigation of the structure and magnitude of time-varying uncontrolled confounding in simulated cohort data analyzed using g-computation
Authors: Soohoo Melissa , Arah Onyebuchi A 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
When estimating the effect of time-varying exposures on longer-term outcomes, the assumption of conditional exchangeability or no uncontrolled confounding extends beyond baseline confounding to include time-varying confounding. We illustrate the structures and magnitude of uncontrolled time-varying confounding in exposure effect estimates obtained from g-computation when sequential conditional exchangeability is violated.

Methods
We used directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) to depict time-varying uncontrolled confounding. We performed simulations and used g-computation to quantify the effects of each time-varying exposure for each DAG type. Models adjusting all time-varying confounders were considered the true (bias-adjusted) estimate. The exclusion of time-varying uncontrolled confounders represented the biased effect estimate and an unmet ‘no uncontrolled confounding’ assumption. True and biased estimates were compared across DAGs, with different magnitudes of uncontrolled confounding.

Results
Time-varying uncontrolled confounding can present in several scenarios, including relationships into subsequently measured exposure(s), outcome, unmeasured confounder(s) and other measured confounder(s). In simulations, effect estimates obtained from g-computation were more biased in DAGs when the uncontrolled confounders were directly related to the outcome. Complex DAGs that included relationships between uncontrolled confounders and other variables and relationships where exposures caused uncontrolled confounders at the next time point resulted in the most biased effect estimates. In these complex DAGs, excluding uncontrolled confounders affected the multiple effect estimates.

Conclusions
Time-varying uncontrolled confounding has the potential to substantially impact observed effect estimates. Given the importance of longitudinal studies in advising public health, the impact of time-varying uncontrolled confounding warrants more recognition and evaluation using quantitative bias analysis.
Multilevel governance ‘from above’: Analysing Colombia’s system of co-responsibility for responding to internal displacement
Authors: Weihmayer Melissa 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
States bear the responsibility for the protection of people displaced internally by conflict and other causes. Though widely recognized, there is little research on how the state shares that responsibility between different levels of government. Colombia serves as a useful case for examining the evolving coordination between national and local governments. I conduct a thematic analysis of its 2015 Strategy of Co-responsibility regulating emergency humanitarian assistance. I argue that the Strategy represents a delicate compromise between enforcing minimum standards and respecting local autonomy. This means the System largely reaffirms existing vertical power relations, while also creating incentives for horizontal multilevel governance. The article explores the Strategy’s use of the language of ‘co-responsibility’, a technocratic action-planning process, and capacity-building initiatives. I propose frameworks from the literature on the multilevel governance of migration to identify the conditions for coordination between levels to emerge, bridging multilevel governance literature with forced migration literature.
BATMAN-TCM 2.0: an enhanced integrative database for known and predicted interactions between traditional Chinese medicine ingredients and target proteins
Authors: Kong Xiangren , Liu Chao , Zhang Zuzhen , Cheng Meiqi , Mei Zhijun , Li Xiangdong , Liu Peng , Diao Lihong , Ma Yajie , Jiang Peng , Kong Xiangya , Nie Shiyan , Guo Yingzi , Wang Ze , Zhang Xinlei , Wang Yan , Tang Liujun , Guo Shuzhen , Liu Zhongyang , Li Dong 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is increasingly recognized and utilized worldwide. However, the complex ingredients of TCM and their interactions with the human body make elucidating molecular mechanisms challenging, which greatly hinders the modernization of TCM. In 2016, we developed BATMAN-TCM 1.0, which is an integrated database of TCM ingredient–target protein interaction (TTI) for pharmacology research. Here, to address the growing need for a higher coverage TTI dataset, and using omics data to screen active TCM ingredients or herbs for complex disease treatment, we updated BATMAN-TCM to version 2.0 (http://bionet.ncpsb.org.cn/batman-tcm/). Using the same protocol as version 1.0, we collected 17 068 known TTIs by manual curation (with a 62.3-fold increase), and predicted ∼2.3 million high-confidence TTIs. In addition, we incorporated three new features into the updated version: (i) it enables simultaneous exploration of the target of TCM ingredient for pharmacology research and TCM ingredients binding to target proteins for drug discovery; (ii) it has significantly expanded TTI coverage; and (iii) the website was redesigned for better user experience and higher speed. We believe that BATMAN-TCM 2.0, as a discovery repository, will contribute to the study of TCM molecular mechanisms and the development of new drugs for complex diseases.
PhageScope: a well-annotated bacteriophage database with automatic analyses and visualizations
Authors: Wang Ruo Han , Yang Shuo , Liu Zhixuan , Zhang Yuanzheng , Wang Xueying , Xu Zixin , Wang Jianping , Li Shuai Cheng 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria or archaea. Understanding the diverse and intricate genomic architectures of phages is essential to study microbial ecosystems and develop phage therapy strategies. However, the existing phage databases are short of meticulous annotations. To this end, we propose PhageScope (https://phagescope.deepomics.org), an online phage database with comprehensive annotations. PhageScope harbors a collection of 873 718 phage sequences from various sources. Applying fifteen state-of-the-art tools to perform systematic annotations and analyses, PhageScope provides annotations on genome completeness, host range, lifestyle information, taxonomy classification, nine types of structural and functional genetic elements, and three types of comparative genomic studies for curated phages. Additionally, PhageScope incorporates automatic analyses and visualizations for curated and customized phages, serving as an efficient platform for phage study.
MENINGIOMA-05 ONE HUNDRED SKULL BASE MENINGIOMAS OPERATED AT BLACK LION SPECIALIZED HOSPITAL, ADDISABABA, ETHIOPIA
Authors: Laeke Tsegazeab , Sahlu Abat , Tirsit Abenezer , Lund-Johansen Morten 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

INTRODUCTION
Since the start of the neurosurgery training program in Ethiopia, the specialty has significantly grown both in terms of service provision and quality of surgeries. Locally trained neurosurgeons are now able to operate on complex skull base tumors. Our study used a retrospective design of an in-hospital series of skull base meningiomas with short-term follow-up.

METHODS
A total of 100 patients (mean age, 40.2 years;80% women) had undergone surgery for skull base meningiomas from 2016 to 2017. Their symptoms included headache in 90%, impairment of vision in 47%, gait impairment in 25%, cognitive dysfunction in 29%, and seizures in 18%. Of the 100 tumors, 44% had a diameter &gt;50 mm. Microsurgery was performed using the Hudson drill, Gigli saw, and conventional microsurgical instruments.

RESULTS
A total of 59 complications in 39 patients occurred. Eleven patients had died within 3 months postoperatively. The cranial infection rate was 14%. The rate of Simpson grade I and II was 63%. We present the 3 -12 month outcomes for 84 of the 100 patients. Of the 16 remaining patients, 4 were lost to follow-up (mean, 6.7 months) and 12 had died. Headache was noted in 65 of 74 patients preoperatively and in 20 during follow-up. Overall,33 patients reported better vision, 48 reported similar vision, and 3 patients reported worse vision. Finally, 20 patients had gait difficulties preoperatively and 9 reported impaired gait during follow-up.

CONCLUSION
A young faculty of locally trained neurosurgeons in a low income country, Ethiopia, were able to do large skull base meningiomas. The patients had presented at a young age with severe disabilities due to advanced disease. Surgery led to symptom improvement in a large proportion of patients. The outcome of patients was promising; however, there should still be improvement on the resource limitations faced.
OTHER-01 INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION, BRAIN TUMOURS AND CARE: ACCOUNTING FOR THE DIAGNOSTIC POTENTIAL OF SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Authors: Llewellyn Henry 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
International cancer classification is fundamental to oncology. It structures diagnostic routines, research programmes, treatment pathways, and grounds for correspondence and comparison across settings. It is vital to cancer epidemiology, which influences national and global health investment and policy. However, the process of classification is not straightforward and often poorly understood. Importantly, classification is not simply a matter of discerning biological difference. It also demands ethical and political choices, which have major social consequences around the world. These choices are made largely by classification experts in elite settings in high-income countries and overseen by the WHO's International Agency for Research on Cancer. Decision-making is therefore rooted in particular frameworks and assumptions about technical capabilities for diagnosis, which might not be appropriate to the situations of practitioners (and patients) in low- and middle-income countries, who often face the challenges of severely limited resources and compromised healthcare infrastructures. These issues have been made starkly apparent in the field of neuro-oncology in recent years. A key concern is the progressive integration of new molecular genetic and epigenetic biomarkers in brain and CNS tumour diagnosis. Although such markers have been welcomed by many as a powerful way to distinguish between brain tumour subtypes, others caution that parts of the world without access to molecular pathology—including many parts of Africa—will be “left behind”. This presentation will introduce a new 5-year social science research project about brain tumour classification and care in Sub-Saharan Africa. The project aims to: 1) document the various “on-the-ground realities” of brain tumour diagnosis and care in Sub-Saharan Africa, and 2) examine how the diagnostic contexts of low- and middle-income countries are considered by brain tumour classifiers. The presentation will reflect on the role that the social sciences might play in the process of cancer classification, which is, arguably, thoroughly social.
OTHER-12
Authors: Cheruiyot Davies , Maina Benson M , Komen Ahmed , Mogere Edwin , Cheserem Beverly 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Glomus jugulare tumours are rare but present a treatment challenge due to their anatomy, endocrine and cardiovascular effects. Their care requires a multidisciplinary approach. We present the case of a 62year-old female patient who presented with 4-year history of tinnitus, hearing loss and hypertension. Over a period of 2 weeks she decompensated with bulbar dysfunction and rapid cardiovascular instability. MRI demonstrated a 88 cc right jugulotympanicum para-ganglioma with intracranial, extra-axial extension and encasement of cranial nerves VI to XII, and marked mass effect on the brainstem with compression and left displacement of the medulla. The patient also had hydrocephalus. Clinically she had limited physiological reserve. She underwent partial embolization to reduce the hyperdynamic circulation, a total dose of 54Gy in 30 fractions using IMRT technique and ventriculoperitoneal shunt insertion. She had a prolonged critical care stay .However, she progressively improved over a period of six months with the brainstem oedema resolving. Currently, the patient is living independently with normal cardiovascular status. This case demonstrates the benefit of combining endovascular intervention and radiation therapy in the management of glomus tumours.”
Scope
Authors: Jelliffe Derrick B , Jelliffe E F Patrice , Zerfas Alfred , Neumann Charlotte G 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Nutrition has to be considered as an applied science with methods of assessment and any action taken as a result guided (but not dominated) by metabolic minutiae and mathematical precision. In particular, methods of classifying malnutrition have to be useful for assisting communities using primary health care services—the majority of the world.
Assessment from health statistics (‘indirect assessment’)
Authors: Jelliffe Derrick B , Jelliffe E F Patrice , Zerfas Alfred , Neumann Charlotte G 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Malnutrition influences morbidity and mortality rates for various infections (such as tuberculosis), as well as maternal, young child, and perinatal mortality rates, life expectancy, and other health statistics as a result of the combined effects of inadequate nutrition and infections. A variety of vital and health statistics have, therefore, been considered as being in part (and in part only) indirect indicators of the nutritional status of the community.
Methods of data collection
Authors: Jelliffe Derrick B , Jelliffe E F Patrice , Zerfas Alfred , Neumann Charlotte G 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The information needed for community nutritional assessment can be obtained by many methods through numerous channels, either singly or preferably in combination. These can be considered in the following overlapping categories—existing services, surveys, and surveillance. As noted many times, information from each is imperfect, but can best be used together to give a more complete picture and to complement deficiencies in all data.
Epilepsy
Authors: Bannister Sir Roger 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
What is epilepsy? Hughlings Jackson described it as ‘an occasional, and excessive and a disorderly discharge of nerve tissue’. This description could only be. a speculation until Berger in 1929 discovered a method of recording the electrical rhythms of the brain known as electroencephalography. This showed. that different varieties of epileptic attack are associated with abnormal electrical rhythms recorded from the surface of the head, and differing in their characteristics and localization, and led to the description of epilepsy as a cerebral dysrhythmia. This was a great step forward, but it still. leaves some questions un ans: wered, for we do not yet unqerstand the physiological relationship between the· dysrbythmia and the. epileptic attack or the nature of the physicochemical disturbance which causes the dysrhythmia.
Ancillary investigations
Authors: Bannister Sir Roger 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Over the calvarium the skull X-rays may show osteolytic lesions possibly due to myeloma, fibrous dysplasia, or Paget’s disease. Hyperostosis may occur in acromegaly or a meningioma (Fig. 8.1 ). Calcification within the brain substance may be due to an oligodendroglioma, craniopharyngioma, or meningioma or, rarely, a chronic abscess, tuberculoma, or toxoplasmosis. In hypoparathyroidism there may be calcification of the basal ganglia. Sometimes within the substance of the brain the pattern of the calcified arteriovenous malformation may be seen or an angioma associated with the Sturge-Weber syndrome.
Meningitis
Authors: Bannister Sir Roger 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Meningitis is one of the few acute emergencies of clinical neurology in which a clinician must move promptly from diagnosis to treatment in order to avoid delay which may quite literally make a critical difference between full recovery and chronic disability or death. By acute meningitis is meant acute leptomeningitis, that is, an infection of the pia mater and arachnoid, which inevitably involves the subarachnoid space and the cerebrospinal fluid. There are three principal ways in which the meninges may become infected.
CFS and psychiatric disorders
Authors: Wessely Professor Simon , Hotopf Dr Matthew , Sharpe Dr Michael 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We have previously looked at the epidemiology of fatigue (Chapter 2) and the epidemiological evidence for an association between fatigue and psychological distress (Chapter 4). We now turn to fatigue syndromes and their possible associa tions with discrete psychiatric disorders. Later chapters will consider the role of broader social, cultural, and psychological factors, with specific reference to the aetiology of disability.
Assessment of the chronically fatigued patient
Authors: Wessely Professor Simon , Hotopf Dr Matthew , Sharpe Dr Michael 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We now tum our attention to clinical management. We begin with the patient for whom the diagnosis of chronic fatigue syndrome is being considered. Two types of presentation may raise this possibility. One is the patient who complains of severe fatigue or exhaustion. The other is the patient who arrives already equipped with a diagnosis (whether by a doctor or self-made) of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), chronic fatigue and immune dysfunction syndrome (CFIDS), or myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME). It is important to note that although these groups of patients overlap, they are not identical.