bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Semi‐classical calculation of resonant states of a charged particle interacting with a metallic surface
Authors: Zuluaga John Jairo , Mahecha Jorge , Chulkov Eugene 
Published: July 2005

AbstractWe assess the applicability of the semi‐classical approach of Herman–Kluk with filter diagonalization to determine resonant states of either the electron‐surface system or the ion‐surface system. An effective potential model of the interaction of an electron with a ruthenium metallic surface is used. The evolution of the wave‐function and the resonant states of this system are calculated. Analogous results for the interaction of the system formed by the H− and the ruthenium surface are presented. For the calculation of the resonances, the semi‐classical wave‐function is found, and the autocorrelation function between the initial and final wave‐functions is calculated, from which the position and width of the resonances are extracted by using the harmonic inversion by filter diagonalization. The results are compared with results available in the literature for similar models obtained by quantum calculations using fast Fourier Transform. The positions of the lower‐lying resonances found with the semi‐classical and quantum approaches match closely, while the values of the widths of the resonances show larger discrepancies. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Heat capacity and thermodynamic functions of the CuAlS2 semiconductor in the temperature range from 80 to 300 K
Authors: Korzun B. V. , Mianzelen R. R. , Sheleg A. U. , Tekhanovich N. P. , Bente K. , Schmitz W. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe molar heat capacity at constant pressure CP has been measured for CuAlS2 semiconductor in the temperature range from 80 to 300 K for the first time. From the experimental results the molar heat capacity at constant volume CV and thermodynamic functions such as enthalpy H and entropy S were calculated. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Resonant enhancement of third‐order nonlinear optical property in J‐like aggregates of a cyanine dye
Authors: Li Zhongyu , Jin Zhao‐hui , Kasatani Kazuo , Okamoto Hiroaki , Takenaka Shunsuke 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe wavelength dependence of the third‐order optical nonlinearity and response of the J‐like aggregates of a cyanine dye called NK‐3261 in a neat film were measured by the femtosecond degenerate four‐wave mixing (DFWM) technique under resonant conditions. The temporal profile of the DFWM signal of NK‐3261 J‐like aggregates was found to consist of three components, i.e., coherent instantaneous nonlinear response (electronic response) and the two slow responses with decay time constants of ca. 0.9 ps and ca. 5.6 ps. The electronic component of the effective third‐order nonlinear optical susceptibility, χ(3)e, of NK‐3261 J‐like aggregates was as high as ca. 5 × 10−7 esu at 850 nm. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Phenomenological description of domain recording in ferroelectric semiconductors by using atomic force microscopy
Authors: Morozovska Anna N. , Eliseev Eugene A. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe equilibrium sizes of domains caused by the electric field of the atomic force microscope tip in ferroelectric semicon‐ductor crystals have been calculated. The domain was consi‐dered as a prolate semi‐ellipsoid with rather thin domain walls. For the first time we modified the Landauer model al‐lowing for semiconductor properties of the sample and the surface energy of the domain butt. The free carriers inside the crystal lead to the formation of a screening layer around the domain, which partially shields its interior from the depolari‐zation field. The obtained dependence of domain radius on applied voltage is in a good quantitative agreement with the ones of submicron ferroelectric domains recorded by high‐voltage atomic force and scanning probe microscopy in LiNbO3, BaTiO3and RbTiOPO4crystals. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Command algebras, recursion and program transformation
Authors: Hesselink Wim H. 
Published: July 2005

Abstract
Dijkstra's language of guarded commands is extended with recursion and transformed into algebra. The semantics is expressed in terms of weakest preconditions and weakest liberal preconditions. Extreme fixed points are used to deal with recursion. Unbounded nondeterminacy is allowed. The algebraic setting enables us to develop efficient transformation rules for recursive procedures. The main result is an algebraic version of the rule of computational induction. In this version, certain parts of the programs are restricted to finite nondeterminacy. It is shown that without this restriction the rule would not be valid. Some applications of the rule are presented. In particular, we prove the correctness of an iterative stack implementation of a class of simple recursive procedures.
Partial order behaviour and structure of Petri nets
Authors: Best Eike , Desel Jörg 
Published: July 2005

Abstract
This paper argues that partial order semantics can be used profitably in the proofs of some nontrivial results in Petri net theory. We show that most of Commoner's and Hack's structure theory of free choice nets can be phrased and proved in terms of partial order behaviour. The new proofs are considerably shorter (and, arguably, more lucid) than the old ones; they also generalise the results from (safe) free choice nets to (bounded) extended free choice nets.
Axioms and models of linear logic
Authors: Hesselink Wim H. 
Published: July 2005

Abstract
Girard's recent system of linear logic is presented in a way that avoids the two-level structure of formulae and sequents, and that minimises the number of primitive function symbols. A deduction theorem is proved concerning the classical implication as embedded in linear logic. The Hilbert-style axiomatisation is proved to be equivalent to the sequent formalism. The axiomatisation leads to a complete class of algebraic models. Various models are exhibited. On the meta-level we use Dijkstra's method of explicit equational proofs.
Equational reasoning about nondeterministic processes
Authors: Misra Jayadev 
Published: July 2005

Abstract

A deterministic message-communicating process can be characterised by a “continuous” function
f
which describes the relationship between the inputs and the outputs of the process. The operational behaviour of a network of deterministic processes can be deduced from the least fixpoint of a function
g
, where
g
is obtained from the functions that characterise the component processes of the network. We show in this paper that a nondeter-ministic process can be characterised by a “description” consisting of a pair of functions. The behaviour of a network consisting of such processes can be obtained from the “smooth” solutions of the descriptions characterising its component processes. The notion of smooth solution is a generalisation of least fixpoint. Descriptions enjoy the crucial property that a variable may be replaced by its definition.
Modelling multiple inheritance with colimits
Authors: Lin Huimin , Pong Man-Chi 
Published: July 2005

Abstract
A categorical semantics of multiple inheritance is presented, in which the inheritance relations between program entities are represented as commutative diagrams in a suitable category, and multiple inheritance is then modelled with colimits of such diagrams. It is shown that the informal semantics of multiple inheritance used in existing object-oriented programming languages conforms to, or is consistent with, this model.
Proof obligations for blocks and procedures
Authors: Ah-kee Alain 
Published: July 2005

Abstract
Operation decomposition proof obligations are given for a language with blocks and unrestricted procedure calls with reference parameters and global variables. Post-conditions of the initial and final states of the computation are used; existing proof rules are for post-conditions which are predicates of the final state only. Aliasing, as arising from reference parameters, and static scoping are dealt with in the Hoare-like proof system by the use of a “syntactic environment”.
X-machines and the halting problem: Building a super-turing machine
Authors: Stannett Mike 
Published: July 2005

Abstract
We describe a novel machine model of computation, and prove that this model is capable of performing calculations beyond the capability of the standard Turing machine model. In particular, we demonstrate the ability of our model to solve the Halting problem for Turing machines. We discuss the issues involved in implementing the model as a physical device, and offer some tentative suggestions.
On the interconnection constants of Hopfield nets
Authors: Soparkar Nandit , Silberschatz Abraham 
Published: July 2005

AbstractHopfield nets are a class of neural networks that are often applied to optimisation problems. The role played by certain constants appearing in the interconnections are crucial to the computations. A bad choice of constant values results in the convergence of the system to states that represent extraneous results. This paper examines a discrete model of the nets which allows a better characterisation of the constants. The formal approach followed in this paper allows the specification of values to the constants that ensure convergence of the system to states that represent results that are not extraneous. Using the Hopfield nets terminology, we have identified methods to remove extraneous energy minima in the discrete version of the system. Since any simulation study of Hopfield nets on real computers must use discretised approximations to analog values, the results are of interest in a practical domain as well.
Defining, analysing and implementing communication protocols using attribute grammars
Authors: Chapman N. P. 
Published: July 2005

Abstract
A new approach to describing communication protocols is introduced. In the style of a formal language, the protocol is considered as the set of all legal sequences of symbols that can be exchanged by the communicating processes. Although context free grammars cannot adequately describe such sequences, it is shown that attribute grammars may be used. Examples are given which show that common protocol features such as interleaving, windowing and flow control can be described by attribute grammars.
It is shown how deadlock-proneness of a protocol can be formalised as a property of its attribute grammar specification, and the undecidability of deadlock-proneness for arbitrary grammars is proved. An algorithm is given for determining whether a protocol is deadlock-prone in the decidable case.
A method of automatically implementing protocols from their specifications is described. The implementation takes the form of a pair of communicating attributed pushdown automata. These are based on LR(0) parsers, with attribute evaluation being performed in parallel with the parse; attribute values are used to help direct the parse. Consideration is also given to the handling of errors.
Unpacking the depersonalization syndrome: an exploratory factor analysis on the Cambridge Depersonalization Scale
Authors: SIERRA MAURICIO , BAKER DAWN , MEDFORD NICHOLAS , DAVID ANTHONY S. 
Published: July 2005

Background. Depersonalization has long been considered a syndrome but there is poor agreement on its constituent symptoms.Method. In order to establish whether different symptoms of depersonalization represent the expression of a single or several underlying dimensions, an exploratory factor analysis on the Cambridge Depersonalization Scale (CDS) was carried out on 138 consecutive patients diagnosed with depersonalization disorder.Results. Four well determined factors accounting for 73·3% of the variance were extracted. These were labelled ‘Anomalous Body Experience’; ‘Emotional Numbing’; ‘Anomalous Subjective Recall’ and ‘Alienation from Surroundings’.Conclusions. Symptoms of depersonalization belong to distinct but related psychopathological domains.
Does adolescent depression predict obesity in black and white young adult women?
Authors: FRANKO DEBRA L. , STRIEGEL-MOORE RUTH H. , THOMPSON DOUGLAS , SCHREIBER GEORGE B. , DANIELS STEPHEN R. 
Published: July 2005

Background. To examine whether adolescent depressive symptoms predict young adult body mass index (BMI) and obesity in black and white women.Method. Participants included 1554 black and white adolescent girls from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Growth and Health Study (NGHS) who completed the Center for Epidemiological Studies – Depression Scale (CES-D) at ages 16 and 18 years.Results. Regression analyses showed that depressive symptoms at both ages 16 and 18 were associated with increased risk of obesity (BMI[ges ]30) and elevated BMI in young adulthood (age 21) in both black and white girls. Black girls exhibited a significantly greater likelihood of obesity and higher BMI (i.e. a main effect of race), but the race×CES-D interaction was not significant in any analysis.Conclusions. Depressive symptoms in adolescence appear to be predictive of obesity and elevated BMI in early adulthood for both black and white girls, even when taking prior BMI into account, indicating that depressive symptoms confer risk for obesity above and beyond the known tracking of body weight. Obesity prevention studies might consider assessing depressive symptoms in adolescence in order to more fully capture important risk variables.
Neuregulin 1 (NRG1) and schizophrenia: analysis of a US family sample and the evidence in the balance
Authors: DUAN JUBAO , MARTINEZ MARIA , SANDERS ALAN R. , HOU CUIPING , KRASNER AARON J. , SCHWARTZ DANIEL B. , GEJMAN PABLO V. 
Published: July 2005

Background. Individual genome-wide linkage scans and meta-analyses support that one or more susceptibility genes for schizophrenia are located in chromosome 8p. A gene from this region, neuregulin 1 (NRG1), known to be involved with glutamatergic function, has been found to be associated in some studied samples.Method. We have examined a new combined schizophrenia sample with 136 schizophrenia families largely of European ancestry (EA) and 646 subjects with DNA. We genotyped 14 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in NRG1 including those reported to comprise schizophrenia-associated haplotypes in Icelandic, Scottish, Irish, and Chinese Han populations.Results. We found no evidence of association at a single-marker or a haplotypic level. We review methodological aspects of previous studies to enable us to put our findings into context.Conclusions. Our failure to find an association between NRG1 and schizophrenia might reflect different linkage disequilibrium (LD) patterns found in different populations, disease allelic heterogeneity, clinical heterogeneity of schizophrenia, or inadequate statistical power deriving from moderate sample size. NRG1, if a true gene for schizophrenia, accounts for a small fraction of the disease in most populations. The confirmation of NRG1 as a schizophrenia susceptibility gene will require studies with a comprehensive set of markers and in larger samples. The possibility remains that reports of NRG1 association might reflect false positives.
Potential of ketamine and midazolam, individually or in combination, to induce apoptotic neurodegeneration in the infant mouse brain
Authors: Young Chainllie , Jevtovic‐Todorovic Vesna , Qin Yue‐Qin , Tenkova Tatyana , Wang Haihui , Labruyere Joann , Olney John W 
Published: July 2005

Recently, it was reported that anesthetizing infant rats for 6 h with a combination of anesthetic drugs (midazolam, nitrous oxide, isoflurane) caused widespread apoptotic neurodegeneration in the developing brain, followed by lifelong cognitive deficits. It has also been reported that ketamine triggers neuroapoptosis in the infant rat brain if administered repeatedly over a period of 9 h. The question arises whether less extreme exposure to anesthetic drugs can also trigger neuroapoptosis in the developing brain.
To address this question we administered ketamine, midazolam or ketamine plus midazolam subcutaneously at various doses to infant mice and evaluated the rate of neuroapoptosis in various brain regions following either saline or these various drug treatments. Each drug was administered as a single one‐time injection in a dose range that would be considered subanesthetic, and the brains were evaluated by unbiased stereology methods 5 h following drug treatment.
Neuroapoptosis was detected by immunohistochemical staining for activated caspase‐3. It was found that either ketamine or midazolam caused a dose‐dependent, statistically significant increase in the rate of neuroapoptosis, and the two drugs combined caused a greater increase than either drug alone. The apoptotic nature of the neurodegenerative reaction was confirmed by electron microscopy.
We conclude that relatively mild exposure to ketamine, midazolam or a combination of these drugs can trigger apoptotic neurodegeneration in the developing mouse brain.

British Journal of Pharmacology (2005) 146, 189–197. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706301
Selective inhibition of inhibitory kappa B kinase‐β abrogates induction of nitric oxide synthase in lipopolysaccharide‐stimulated rat aortic smooth muscle cells
Authors: Gomez Almudena Bermejo , MacKenzie Christopher , Paul Andrew , Plevin Robin 
Published: July 2005

In this study, we utilised a number of adenoviral constructs in order to examine the role of intermediates of the NF‐κB pathway in the regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) induction in rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RASMCs).
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated a significant increase in iNOS induction and NF‐κB DNA binding. These parameters were substantially reduced by overexpression of a wild‐type Iκ‐Bα adenoviral construct (Ad.Iκ‐Bα), confirming a role for NF‐κB in iNOS induction.
Infection with a dominant‐negative IKKα adenoviral construct (Ad.IKKα+/−) did not significantly affect iNOS induction, NF‐κB DNA binding or Iκ‐Bα loss. Infection of RASMCs with adenovirus encoding a dominant‐negative IKKβ (Ad.IKKβ+/−) essentially abolished iNOS induction and activation of the NF‐κB pathway.
Pretreatment of RASMCs with a novel specific inhibitor of IKKβ, SC‐514, significantly reduced iNOS induction, NF‐κB DNA binding and I‐κBα loss in a concentration‐dependent manner.
In both RASMCs and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), infection with Ad.IKKβ+/− also inhibited COX‐2 expression in response to LPS. However, Ad.IKKα+/− was again without effect.
These data suggest that IKKβ plays a predominant, selective role in the regulation of NF‐κB‐dependent induction of iNOS in RASMCs.

British Journal of Pharmacology (2005) 146, 217–225. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706308
Amadori adducts activate nuclear factor‐κB‐related proinflammatory genes in cultured human peritoneal mesothelial cells
Authors: Nevado Julián , Peiró Concepción , Vallejo Susana , El‐Assar Mariam , Lafuente Nuria , Matesanz Nuria , Azcutia Veronica , Cercas Elena , Sánchez‐Ferrer Carlos F , Rodríguez‐Mañas Leocadio 
Published: July 2005

Diabetes mellitus leads to a high incidence of several so‐called complications, sharing similar pathophysiological features in several territories. Previous reports points at early nonenzymatic glycosylation products (Amadori adducts) as mediators of diabetic vascular complications. In the present study, we analysed a possible role for Amadori adducts as stimulators of proinflammatory pathways in human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs).Cultured HPMCs isolated from 13 different patients (mean age 38.7±16 years) were exposed to different Amadori adducts, that is, highly glycated haemoglobin (10 nM) and glycated bovine serum albumin (0.25 mg ml−1), as well as to their respective low glycosylation controls. Amadori adducts, but not their respective controls, elicited a marked increase of NF‐κB activation, as determined by electromobility shift assays and transient transfection experiments.Additionally, Amadori adducts significantly increased the production of NF‐κB‐related proinflammatory molecules, including cytokines, such as TNF‐α, IL‐1βor IL‐6, and enzymes, such as cyclooxygenase‐2 and inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase, this latter leading to the release of NO by HPMCs.The effects of Amadori adducts were mediated by different reactive oxygen and nitrosative species (e.g. superoxide anions, hydroxyl radicals, and peroxynitrite), as they were blunted by coincubation with the appropriate scavengers. Furthermore, NO generated upon exposure to Amadori adducts further stimulated NF‐κB activation, either directly or after combination with superoxide anions to form peroxynitrite.We conclude that Amadori adducts can favour peritoneal inflammation by exacerbating changes in NO synthesis pathway and triggering NF‐κB‐related proinflammatory signals in human mesothelial cells.British Journal of Pharmacology(2005)146, 268–279. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706309
Vascular effects of anandamide and N‐acylvanillylamines in the human forearm and skin microcirculation
Authors: Movahed Pouya , Evilevitch Vladimir , Andersson Tomas L G , Jönsson Bo A G , Wollmer Per , Zygmunt Peter M , Högestätt Edward D 
Published: July 2005

The endocannabinoid anandamide is an emerging potential signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system. Anandamide causes vasodilatation, bradycardia and hypotension in animals and has been implicated in the pathophysiology of endotoxic, haemorrhagic and cardiogenic shock, but its vascular effects have not been studied in man.
Human forearm blood flow and skin microcirculatory flow were recorded using venous occlusion plethysmography and laser‐Doppler perfusion imaging (LDPI), respectively. Each test drug was infused into the brachial artery or applied topically on the skin followed by a standardized pin‐prick to disrupt the epidermal barrier.
Anandamide failed to affect forearm blood flow when administered intra‐arterially at infusion rates of 0.3–300 nmol min−1. The highest infusion rate led to an anandamide concentration of approximately 1 μM in venous blood as measured by mass spectrometry.
Dermal application of anandamide significantly increased skin microcirculatory flow and coapplication of the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) antagonist capsazepine inhibited this effect. The TRPV1 agonists capsaicin, olvanil and arvanil all induced concentration‐dependent increases in skin blood flow and burning pain when administered dermally. Coapplication of capsazepine inhibited blood flow and pain responses to all three TRPV1 agonists.
This study shows that locally applied anandamide is a vasodilator in the human skin microcirculation. The results are consistent with this lipid being an activator of TRPV1 on primary sensory nerves, but do not support a role for anandamide as a circulating vasoactive hormone in the human forearm vascular bed.

British Journal of Pharmacology (2005) 146, 171–179. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706313