bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge and practices related to salt consumption in China: findings from a national representative cross-sectional survey
Authors: Zhang Wenrong , Neupane Dinesh , Zhao Zhenping , Jiang Bo , Zhang Mei , Zhang Xiao , Huang Zhengjing , Li Chun , Sharman James E. , Hu Caihong , Ye Pengpeng , Wang Limin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThere is limited information on the knowledge and practice of salt-reduction in China. The purpose of this study was to describe the status of the knowledge and practice of salt-reduction among the Chinese population from a nationally representative survey stratified according to hypertension status. The association between hypertensive status and salt-reduction knowledge and practice was calculated using multivariate hierarchical logistic regression adjusting for related confounders. The study included 179,834 participants; 51.7% were women, and the mean age was 44 years. The levels of overall salt-reduction knowledge (7.9%) and practice (37.1%) were low. The percentage of the use of salt-control spoons and low-sodium salt was 10.7% and 12.2%. The aging population (≥60 years) had the lowest levels of salt-reduction knowledge (5.7%) than other age groups (P < 0.0001). People living in rural areas (OR = 0.64; 95% CI: 0.51, 0.81) had lower odds of using salt-control spoons. Females (OR = 1.23; 95% CI: 1.10, 1.36) had higher odds of using salt-control spoons. People living in rural areas (OR = 0.48; 95% CI: 0.36, 0.63) had lower odds of using low-sodium salt. Females (OR = 1.26; 95% CI: 1.13, 1.41) and people living in the southern region (OR = 1.43; 95% CI: 1.11, 1.83) had higher odds of using low-sodium salt. Our work highlights the need to promote education related to hypertension, salt-reduction knowledge and methods among the public and the need to strengthen strategies for the popularization of salt-reduction knowledge and practices among males, people living in rural areas, people living in the northern region and the aging population in China.
Subwavelength terahertz imaging via virtual superlensing in the radiating near field
Authors: Tuniz Alessandro , Kuhlmey Boris T. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractImaging with resolutions much below the wavelength λ – now common in the visible spectrum – remains challenging at lower frequencies, where exponentially decaying evanescent waves are generally measured using a tip or antenna close to an object. Such approaches are often problematic because probes can perturb the near-field itself. Here we show that information encoded in evanescent waves can be probed further than previously thought, by reconstructing truthful images of the near-field through selective amplification of evanescent waves, akin to a virtual superlens that images the near field without perturbing it. We quantify trade-offs between noise and measurement distance, experimentally demonstrating reconstruction of complex images with subwavelength features down to a resolution of λ/7 and amplitude signal-to-noise ratios < 25dB between 0.18–1.5 THz. Our procedure can be implemented with any near-field probe, greatly relaxes experimental requirements for subwavelength imaging at sub-optical frequencies and opens the door to non-invasive near-field scanning.
Clinical utility of polygenic scores for cardiometabolic disease in Arabs
Authors: Shim Injeong , Kuwahara Hiroyuki , Chen NingNing , Hashem Mais O. , AlAbdi Lama , Abouelhoda Mohamed , Won Hong-Hee , Natarajan Pradeep , Ellinor Patrick T. , Khera Amit V. , Gao Xin , Alkuraya Fowzan S. , Fahed Akl C. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractArabs account for 5% of the world population and have a high burden of cardiometabolic disease, yet clinical utility of polygenic risk prediction in Arabs remains understudied. Among 5399 Arab patients, we optimize polygenic scores for 10 cardiometabolic traits, achieving a performance that is better than published scores and on par with performance in European-ancestry individuals. Odds ratio per standard deviation (OR per SD) for a type 2 diabetes score was 1.83 (95% CI 1.74–1.92), and each SD of body mass index (BMI) score was associated with 1.18 kg/m2 difference in BMI. Polygenic scores associated with disease independent of conventional risk factors, and also associated with disease severity—OR per SD for coronary artery disease (CAD) was 1.78 (95% CI 1.66–1.90) for three-vessel CAD and 1.41 (95% CI 1.29–1.53) for one-vessel CAD. We propose a pragmatic framework leveraging public data as one way to advance equitable clinical implementation of polygenic scores in non-European populations.
Anisotropic resistance with a 90° twist in a ferromagnetic Weyl semimetal, Co2MnGa
Authors: Quirk Nicholas P. , Cheng Guangming , Manna Kaustuv , Felser Claudia , Yao Nan , Ong N. P. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWeyl semimetals exhibit exotic magnetotransport phenomena such as the chiral anomaly and surface-to-bulk quantum oscillations (Weyl orbits) due to chiral bulk states and topologically protected surface states. Here we report a unique transport property in crystals of the ferromagnetic nodal-line Weyl semimetal Co2MnGa that have been polished to micron thicknesses using a focused ion beam. These thin crystals exhibit a large planar resistance anisotropy (10 × ) with axes that rotate by 90 degrees between opposite faces of the crystal. We use symmetry arguments and electrostatic simulations to show that the observed anisotropy resembles that of an isotropic conductor with surface states that are impeded from hybridization with bulk states. The origin of these states awaits further experiments that can correlate the surface bands with the observed 90° twist.
Gut insulin action protects from hepatocarcinogenesis in diabetic mice comorbid with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Authors: Soeda Kotaro , Sasako Takayoshi , Enooku Kenichiro , Kubota Naoto , Kobayashi Naoki , Ikushima Yoshiko Matsumoto , Awazawa Motoharu , Bouchi Ryotaro , Toda Gotaro , Yamada Tomoharu , Nakatsuka Takuma , Tateishi Ryosuke , Kakiuchi Miwako , Yamamoto Shogo , Tatsuno Kenji , Atarashi Koji , Suda Wataru , Honda Kenya , Aburatani Hiroyuki , Yamauchi Toshimasa , Fujishiro Mitsuhiro , Noda Tetsuo , Koike Kazuhiko , Kadowaki Takashi , Ueki Kohjiro 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDiabetes is known to increase the risk of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here we treat male STAM (STelic Animal Model) mice, which develop diabetes, NASH and HCC associated with dysbiosis upon low-dose streptozotocin and high-fat diet (HFD), with insulin or phlorizin. Although both treatments ameliorate hyperglycemia and NASH, insulin treatment alone lead to suppression of HCC accompanied by improvement of dysbiosis and restoration of antimicrobial peptide production. There are some similarities in changes of microflora from insulin-treated patients comorbid with diabetes and NASH. Insulin treatment, however, fails to suppress HCC in the male STAM mice lacking insulin receptor specifically in intestinal epithelial cells (ieIRKO), which show dysbiosis and impaired gut barrier function. Furthermore, male ieIRKO mice are prone to develop HCC merely on HFD. These data suggest that impaired gut insulin signaling increases the risk of HCC, which can be countered by restoration of insulin action in diabetes.
Hydrodynamic regimes modulate nitrogen fixation and the mode of diazotrophy in Lake Tanganyika
Authors: Ehrenfels Benedikt , Baumann Kathrin B. L. , Niederdorfer Robert , Mbonde Athanasio S. , Kimirei Ismael A. , Kuhn Thomas , Magyar Paul M. , Odermatt Daniel , Schubert Carsten J. , Bürgmann Helmut , Lehmann Moritz F. , Wehrli Bernhard , Callbeck Cameron M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe factors that govern the geographical distribution of nitrogen fixation are fundamental to providing accurate nitrogen budgets in aquatic environments. Model-based insights have demonstrated that regional hydrodynamics strongly impact nitrogen fixation. However, the mechanisms establishing this physical-biological coupling have yet to be constrained in field surveys. Here, we examine the distribution of nitrogen fixation in Lake Tanganyika – a model system with well-defined hydrodynamic regimes. We report that nitrogen fixation is five times higher under stratified than under upwelling conditions. Under stratified conditions, the limited resupply of inorganic nitrogen to surface waters, combined with greater light penetration, promotes the activity of bloom-forming photoautotrophic diazotrophs. In contrast, upwelling conditions support predominantly heterotrophic diazotrophs, which are uniquely suited to chemotactic foraging in a more dynamic nutrient landscape. We suggest that these hydrodynamic regimes (stratification versus mixing) play an important role in governing both the rates and the mode of nitrogen fixation.
Perturbation and stability of PAM50 subtyping in population-based primary invasive breast cancer
Authors: Veerla Srinivas , Hohmann Lennart , Nacer Deborah F. , Vallon-Christersson Johan , Staaf Johan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPAM50 gene expression subtypes represent a cornerstone in the molecular classification of breast cancer and are included in risk prediction models to guide therapy. We aimed to illustrate the impact of included genes and biological processes on subtyping while considering a tumor’s underlying clinical subgroup defined by ER, PR, and HER2 status. To do this we used a population-representative and clinically annotated early-stage breast tumor cohort of 6233 samples profiled by RNA sequencing and applied a perturbation strategy of excluding co-expressed genes (gene sets). We demonstrate how PAM50 nearest-centroid classification depends on biological processes present across, but also within, ER/PR/HER2 subgroups and PAM50 subtypes themselves. Our analysis highlights several key aspects of PAM50 classification. Firstly, we demonstrate the tight connection between a tumor’s nearest and second-nearest PAM50 centroid. Additionally, we show that the second-best subtype is associated with overall survival in ER-positive, HER2-negative, and node-negative disease. We also note that ERBB2 expression has little impact on PAM50 classification in HER2-positive disease regardless of ER status and that the Basal subtype is highly stable in contrast to the Normal subtype. Improved consciousness of the commonly used PAM50 subtyping scheme will aid in our understanding and interpretation of breast tumors that have seemingly conflicting PAM50 classification when compared to clinical biomarkers. Finally, our study adds further support in challenging the common misconception that PAM50 subtypes are distinct classes by illustrating that PAM50 subtypes in tumors represent a continuum with prognostic implications.
Comparative efficacy and safety of adjunctive drugs to levodopa for fluctuating Parkinson’s disease - network meta-analysis
Authors: Sako Wataru , Kogo Yuki , Koebis Michinori , Kita Yoshiaki , Yamakage Hajime , Ishida Takayuki , Hattori Nobutaka 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIt remains unclear which adjunctive drug for Parkinson’s disease (PD) in combination with levodopa is more effective, tolerable, and safe. We aimed to compare the efficacy, tolerability, and safety among anti-PD drugs from several classes in patients with fluctuating PD who received levodopa through network meta-analysis (NMA). Twelve anti-PD drugs belonging to 4 different drug classes (dopamine agonists, monoamine oxidase type B inhibitors, catechol-O-methyl transferase inhibitors, and an adenosine A2A receptor antagonist) were selected. We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing placebo with anti-PD drug or among anti-PD drugs in patients with PD who experienced motor fluctuations or wearing-off and received levodopa. We included 54 RCTs in the analysis. The NMA was performed under a frequentist framework using a random-effects model. The efficacy outcome was change in daily off-time, and the tolerability outcome was discontinuation due to all causes. Safety outcomes included discontinuation due to adverse events (AEs) and the incidence of AEs, dyskinesia, hallucination, and orthostatic hypotension. According to the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) in the NMA, ropinirole transdermal patch (SUCRA, 0.861) ranked the highest in efficacy, followed by pramipexole (0.762), ropinirole extended release (ER) (0.750), and safinamide (0.691). In terms of tolerability, ropinirole (0.954) ranked the highest, followed by pramipexole (0.857), safinamide (0.717), and ropinirole ER (0.708). Each anti-PD drug had different SUCRA ranking profiles for the safety outcomes. These findings suggest that ropinirole, pramipexole, and safinamide are well-balanced anti-PD drugs that satisfy both efficacy and tolerability outcomes.
Self-testing of a single quantum system from theory to experiment
Authors: Hu Xiao-Min , Xie Yi , Arora Atul Singh , Ai Ming-Zhong , Bharti Kishor , Zhang Jie , Wu Wei , Chen Ping-Xing , Cui Jin-Ming , Liu Bi-Heng , Huang Yun-Feng , Li Chuan-Feng , Guo Guang-Can , Roland Jérémie , Cabello Adán , Kwek Leong-Chuan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSelf-testing allows one to characterise quantum systems under minimal assumptions. However, existing schemes rely on quantum nonlocality and cannot be applied to systems that are not entangled. Here, we introduce a robust method that achieves self-testing of individual systems by taking advantage of contextuality. The scheme is based on the simplest contextuality witness for the simplest contextual quantum system—the Klyachko-Can-Binicioğlu-Shumovsky inequality for the qutrit. We establish a lower bound on the fidelity of the state and the measurements as a function of the value of the witness under a pragmatic assumption on the measurements. We apply the method in an experiment on a single trapped40Ca+using randomly chosen measurements and perfect detection efficiency. Using the observed statistics, we obtain an experimental demonstration of self-testing of a single quantum system.
Electronic stripe patterns near the fermi level of tetragonal Fe(Se,S)
Authors: Walker M. , Scott K. , Boyle T. J. , Byland J. K. , Bötzel S. , Zhao Z. , Day R. P. , Zhdanovich S. , Gorovikov S. , Pedersen T. M. , Klavins P. , Damascelli A. , Eremin I. M. , Gozar A. , Taufour V. , da Silva Neto E. H. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFeSe1−xSx remains one of the most enigmatic systems of Fe-based superconductors. While much is known about the orthorhombic parent compound, FeSe, the tetragonal samples, FeSe1−xSx with x > 0.17, remain relatively unexplored. Here, we provide an in-depth investigation of the electronic states of tetragonal FeSe0.81S0.19, using scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy (STM/S) measurements, supported by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) and theoretical modeling. We analyze modulations of the local density of states (LDOS) near and away from Fe vacancy defects separately and identify quasiparticle interference (QPI) signals originating from multiple regions of the Brillouin zone, including the bands at the zone corners. We also observe that QPI signals coexist with a much stronger LDOS modulation for states near the Fermi level whose period is independent of energy. Our measurements further reveal that this strong pattern appears in the STS measurements as short range stripe patterns that are locally two-fold symmetric. Since these stripe patterns coexist with four-fold symmetric QPI around Fe-vacancies, the origin of their local two-fold symmetry must be distinct from that of nematic states in orthorhombic samples. We explore several aspects related to the stripes, such as the role of S and Fe-vacancy defects, and whether they can be explained by QPI. We consider the possibility that the observed stripe patterns may represent incipient charge order correlations, similar to those observed in the cuprates.
A MEC-2/stomatin condensate liquid-to-solid phase transition controls neuronal mechanotransduction during touch sensing
Authors: Sanfeliu-Cerdán Neus , Català-Castro Frederic , Mateos Borja , Garcia-Cabau Carla , Ribera Maria , Ruider Iris , Porta-de-la-Riva Montserrat , Canals-Calderón Adrià , Wieser Stefan , Salvatella Xavier , Krieg Michael 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA growing body of work suggests that the material properties of biomolecular condensates ensuing from liquid–liquid phase separation change with time. How this aging process is controlled and whether the condensates with distinct material properties can have different biological functions is currently unknown. Using Caenorhabditis elegans as a model, we show that MEC-2/stomatin undergoes a rigidity phase transition from fluid-like to solid-like condensates that facilitate transport and mechanotransduction, respectively. This switch is triggered by the interaction between the SH3 domain of UNC-89 (titin/obscurin) and MEC-2. We suggest that this rigidity phase transition has a physiological role in frequency-dependent force transmission in mechanosensitive neurons during body wall touch. Our data demonstrate a function for the liquid and solid phases of MEC-2/stomatin condensates in facilitating transport or mechanotransduction, and a previously unidentified role for titin homologues in neurons.
Evolutionary dynamics of whole-body regeneration across planarian flatworms
Authors: Vila-Farré Miquel , Rozanski Andrei , Ivanković Mario , Cleland James , Brand Jeremias N. , Thalen Felix , Grohme Markus A. , von Kannen Stephanie , Grosbusch Alexandra L. , Vu Hanh T.-K. , Prieto Carlos E. , Carbayo Fernando , Egger Bernhard , Bleidorn Christoph , Rasko John E. J. , Rink Jochen C. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRegenerative abilities vary dramatically across animals. Even amongst planarian flatworms, well-known for complete regeneration from tiny body fragments, some species have restricted regeneration abilities while others are almost entirely regeneration incompetent. Here, we assemble a diverse live collection of 40 planarian species to probe the evolution of head regeneration in the group. Combining quantification of species-specific head-regeneration abilities with a comprehensive transcriptome-based phylogeny reconstruction, we show multiple independent transitions between robust whole-body regeneration and restricted regeneration in freshwater species. RNA-mediated genetic interference inhibition of canonical Wnt signalling in RNA-mediated genetic interference-sensitive species bypassed all head-regeneration defects, suggesting that the Wnt pathway is linked to the emergence of planarian regeneration defects. Our finding that Wnt signalling has multiple roles in the reproductive system of the model speciesSchmidtea mediterranearaises the possibility that a trade-off between egg-laying, asexual reproduction by fission/regeneration and Wnt signalling drives regenerative trait evolution. Although quantitative comparisons of Wnt signalling levels, yolk content and reproductive strategy across our species collection remained inconclusive, they revealed divergent Wnt signalling roles in the reproductive system of planarians. Altogether, our study establishes planarians as a model taxon for comparative regeneration research and presents a framework for the mechanistic evolution of regenerative abilities.
The PD-1- and LAG-3-targeting bispecific molecule tebotelimab in solid tumors and hematologic cancers: a phase 1 trial
Authors: Luke Jason J. , Patel Manish R. , Blumenschein George R. , Hamilton Erika , Chmielowski Bartosz , Ulahannan Susanna V. , Connolly Roisin M. , Santa-Maria Cesar A. , Wang Jie , Bahadur Shakeela W. , Weickhardt Andrew , Asch Adam S. , Mallesara Girish , Clingan Philip , Dlugosz-Danecka Monika , Tomaszewska-Kiecana Monika , Pylypenko Halyna , Hamad Nada , Kindler Hedy L. , Sumrow Bradley J. , Kaminker Patrick , Chen Francine Z. , Zhang Xiaoyu , Shah Kalpana , Smith Douglas H. , De Costa Anushka , Li Jonathan , Li Hua , Sun Jichao , Moore Paul A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTebotelimab, a bispecific PD-1×LAG-3 DART molecule that blocks both PD-1 and LAG-3, was investigated for clinical safety and activity in a phase 1 dose-escalation and cohort-expansion clinical trial in patients with solid tumors or hematologic malignancies and disease progression on previous treatment. Primary endpoints were safety and maximum tolerated dose of tebotelimab when administered as a single agent (n = 269) or in combination with the anti-HER2 antibody margetuximab (n = 84). Secondary endpoints included anti-tumor activity. In patients with advanced cancer treated with tebotelimab monotherapy, 68% (184/269) experienced treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs; 22% were grade ≥3). No maximum tolerated dose was defined; the recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) was 600 mg once every 2 weeks. There were tumor decreases in 34% (59/172) of response-evaluable patients in the dose-escalation cohorts, with objective responses in multiple solid tumor types, including PD-1-refractory disease, and in LAG-3+ non-Hodgkin lymphomas, including CAR-T refractory disease. To enhance potential anti-tumor responses, we tested margetuximab plus tebotelimab. In patients with HER2+ tumors treated with tebotelimab plus margetuximab, 74% (62/84) had TRAEs (17% were grade ≥3). The RP2D was 600 mg once every 3 weeks. The confirmed objective response rate in these patients was 19% (14/72), including responses in patients typically not responsive to anti-HER2/anti-PD-1 combination therapy. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03219268.
Noninvasive theta-burst stimulation of the human striatum enhances striatal activity and motor skill learning
Authors: Wessel Maximilian J. , Beanato Elena , Popa Traian , Windel Fabienne , Vassiliadis Pierre , Menoud Pauline , Beliaeva Valeriia , Violante Ines R. , Abderrahmane Hedjoudje , Dzialecka Patrycja , Park Chang-Hyun , Maceira-Elvira Pablo , Morishita Takuya , Cassara Antonino M. , Steiner Melanie , Grossman Nir , Neufeld Esra , Hummel Friedhelm C. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe stimulation of deep brain structures has thus far only been possible with invasive methods. Transcranial electrical temporal interference stimulation (tTIS) is a novel, noninvasive technology that might overcome this limitation. The initial proof-of-concept was obtained through modeling, physics experiments and rodent models. Here we show successful noninvasive neuromodulation of the striatum via tTIS in humans using computational modeling, functional magnetic resonance imaging studies and behavioral evaluations. Theta-burst patterned striatal tTIS increased activity in the striatum and associated motor network. Furthermore, striatal tTIS enhanced motor performance, especially in healthy older participants as they have lower natural learning skills than younger subjects. These findings place tTIS as an exciting new method to target deep brain structures in humans noninvasively, thus enhancing our understanding of their functional role. Moreover, our results lay the groundwork for innovative, noninvasive treatment strategies for brain disorders in which deep striatal structures play key pathophysiological roles.