bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How many bees fit in the city? A spatial ecological case study to conserve urban wild bees
Authors: Lanner J. , Unglaub P , Rohrbach C. , Pachinger B. , Roberts S. , Kratschmer S. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Pollination is crucial for biodiversity and food security, with bees playing a significant role. The growing popularity of urban beekeeping is leading to increasing honeybee densities in cities, raising concerns about competition for pollen and nectar with wild bees due to limited foraging resources in densely urbanized areas. To assess the current bee occurrences of wild and honeybees in urbanized and protected areas of a Central European city, we focused on the ecological similarities between honeybees and wild bees. We compiled an inventory of 462 wild bee species documented since 1990 in Vienna (Austria) and conducted a survey of apiary locations in cooperation with beekeepers. We calculated apiary densities and indices for species richness, rarity, and, based on flower-visiting traits, the trait similarity between honeybees and wild bees. We found that approximately four times more honeybee colonies were kept in central Vienna in 2023 than the habitat may support. In parts of Vienna’s nature conservation areas, the number of colonies also exceeded the density of 3.5 colonies per km² recommended by the literature. Results indicate a significant spatial overlap of high apiary densities and wild bee hotspots, particularly in urban nature conservation areas like Natura 2000 protected areas. In Natura 2000 areas, the trait similarity of rare wild bee species was significantly increased, indicating a potential elevated competition between wild bees and honeybees for floral resources. This study highlights the need for spatial planning to balance urban beekeeping and wild bee conservation, recommending actions to match habitat quality to apiary densities to mitigate competitive pressures.
Weight censorial score: estimation of the weight loss during concurrent chemo-radiotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients by image features predicts prognosis
Authors: Sun Jiachen , Lam Sai Kit Edmond , Zhang Jiang , Teng Xinzhi , Lee Francis Kar-ho , Yip Celia Wai-yi , Chow James Chung Hang , Lee Victor Ho Fun , Sun Ying , Cai Jing 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose
Bodyweight loss is commonly found in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma patients during Concurrent Chemo-radiotherapy (CCRT) and has implications for treatment decisions. However, the prognostic value of this weight loss remains uncertain. We addressed it by proposing a novel index Weight Censorial Score (WCS) that characterizes the patient-specific CCRT response on actual to estimated weight loss.

Methods
A retrospective study included 315 patients from two independent hospitals. An Estimated WCS (eWCS) was obtained through linear regression of image and dosimetry features. The eWCS was converted to an estimated net weight loss (nWL), with its accuracy evaluated. The Determined WCS (dWCS) was calculated by centering and scaling the post-RT actual nWL with patient’s pre-RT body information. The ratio of dWCS to eWCS (WCS ratio) reflected the actual to estimated weight loss of a patient. The prognostic ability of WCS ratio dichotomized at 1 was evaluated.

Results
The mean absolute error of estimated to actual nWL was 1.84 kg. Patients who had their actual WL larger than estimated WL were found to have significantly worse OS (p = 0.005, HR = 3.35[1.45–7.73]), PFS (p = 0.038, HR = 1.86[1.03–3.35]), and DMFS (p = 0.050, HR = 2.20[1.00–4.85]), respectively, in multivariable cox analysis. They were also found not to benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy (p = 0.572), whereas the adjuvant chemotherapy provided significant PFS benefit in patients with actual WL smaller than estimated WL (p = 0.036, HR = 0.53[0.29–0.96]).

Conclusion
The nWL of patient during CCRT can be reasonably estimated by dosimetry factors at pre-RT stage. The prognostic value of the actual to expected weight loss holds promise for highlighting vulnerable patients after CCRT.
Description of STRIVE-ON Study Protocol: Safety and Tolerability of GTX-104 (Nimodipine Injection for IV Infusion) Compared with Oral Nimodipine in Patients Hospitalized for Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (aSAH): A Prospective, Randomized, Phase III Trial (STRIVE-ON)
Authors: Choi Alex H. , Chou Sherry Y. , Ducruet Andrew F. , Kimberly W. Taylor , Loch Macdonald R. , Rabinstein Alejandro A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Oral nimodipine is the only drug approved in North America for patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). However, bioavailability is variable and frequently poor, leading to fluctuations in peak plasma concentrations that cause dose-limiting hypotension. Furthermore, administration is problematic in patients who cannot swallow. An oral liquid formulation exists but causes diarrhea. An intravenous nimodipine formulation (GTX-104) has been developed that has bioavailability approaching 100% and is not affected by feeding or gastrointestinal absorption. GTX-104 causes less hypotension and has more consistent peak plasma concentrations than oral nimodipine in human volunteers. Herein, we describe the protocol of a prospective, randomized, open-label safety, and tolerability study of GTX-104 compared with oral nimodipine in patients with aSAH (Safety and Tolerability of GTX-104 [Nimodipine Injection for Intravenous Infusion] Compared with Oral Nimodipine; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05995405). The study is designed to seek approval of GTX-104 by the Food and Drug Administration 505(b)(2) pathway. Inclusion and exclusion criteria match the prescribing information for oral nimodipine and include adult patients with aSAH of all Hunt and Hess grades who can receive investigational product within 96 h of aSAH. Study participants at imminent risk of death will be excluded. Study participants will be randomly assigned 1:1 to receive GTX-104 or oral nimodipine for up to 21 days. The primary end point is the proportion of study participants with clinically significant hypotension, defined as hypotension requiring treatment that has a reasonable likelihood of being due to investigational product as determined by an independent, blinded end point adjudication committee. No statistical analysis of the end point is planned. Secondary end points include all episodes of hypotension, all adverse events, delayed cerebral ischemia, rescue therapy, and suicidal ideation. Clinical and health economic outcomes include quality of life using the EuroQol 5-dimension/3-level, modified Rankin Scale score at 30 and 90 days after aSAH and hospital resource use. The planned sample size is 100 study participants across 25 sites in the United States and Canada.
Does Imagination Justify the Belief that Supra-Persons Are Physically Possible?
Authors: Dragomir Alexandru , Rusu Mihai 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Human enhancement technologies offer prospects for improving the mental capacities that are typically considered to ground moral status. Bioethicists, posthumanists and transhumanists have raised the worry that the radical enhancement of our moral status-relevant capacities is open to the possibility of creating supra-persons. The worry is that supra-persons would further reduce the moral inviolability of mere persons. If the possibility is plausible, then radical enhancement would put mere persons at risk. In order to assess the plausibility of possibility claims, epistemologists have investigated the role of imagination in justifying our beliefs about what is possible. Philosophy has abounded with imaginability arguments for various entities like zombies, experience machines, super-spartans, and perfect actors. The aim of this paper is to investigate a newcomer in the bestiary of bioethics, the supra-person, using the utensils of imaginability-based modal epistemology. We will argue for an epistemic claim: that no imaginative act is sufficient to justify the belief that supra-persons are possible. In order to support our thesis, we will employ two influential accounts of the relation between imaginative acts and acquiring justification for beliefs about what is possible.
Automated design of state transition rules in ant colony optimization by genetic programming: a comprehensive investigation
Authors: Lin Bo-Cheng , Mei Yi , Zhang Mengjie 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The automated design of Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithms has become increasingly significant, particularly in addressing complex combinatorial optimization problems. Although existing methods have achieved some success, they still face limitations, particularly the high dependency on expert knowledge, pre-solved data, and challenges in interpretability. Genetic Programming (GP), as a proven technology, has shown potential in optimizing the automated design state transition rules of ACO. However, existing research on GP-ACO is insufficient, particularly in terms of experimental validation and systematic evaluation. To address these issues, this study conducts comprehensive experiments to explore several key questions: the generality of GP-ACO on homogeneously distributed maps, the impact of different ACO variants on the learning capabilities of GP-ACO, the effect of 2-opt local search on the learning capabilities of GP-ACO, the enhancement of learning capabilities through the addition of more global information, and the interpretability of GP-ACO. The findings indicate that GP-ACO exhibits robust generality; variations among ACO variants have minimal impact on learning performance; 2-opt local search can somewhat diminish the performance of GP-ACO in the Max–Min Ant System; additional global information can significantly enhance the learning capabilities of GP-ACO; and GP-ACO has good interpretability.
Effects of Combined Utilization of Active Cooler/Heater and Blade-Shaped Nanoparticles in Base Fluid for Performance Improvement of Thermoelectric Generator Mounted in Between Vented Cavities
Authors: Selimefendigil Fatih , Oztop Hakan F. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A wide range of technical applications, including solar power, waste heat recovery, electronics thermal management, and heat exchangers, employ thermoelectric generators. They can be mounted in between channels / cavities where hot and cold fluid streams exist. In this study, two novel methods of enhancing the power generation from thermoelectric generator device mounted in between vented cavities are proposed by combined utilization of active heater/cooler rectangular blocks and blade-shaped nanoparticles in base fluid. Finite element method investigation is conducted numerically for a range of hot and cold stream Reynolds numbers (250–1000), non-dimensional hot and cold block sizes (0.01

$$-$$

-

0.4), and heating/cooling increments (0–10), with nanoparticle loading limited to 0.03. Higher values of Reynolds number results in a rise in thermoelectric generator power. When comparing the cases of lowest and highest Reynolds number combinations, a 219

$$\%$$

%

increase in power is achieved. The thermoelectric generator power will rise by around 27.5

$$\%$$

%

when the object size reaches its maximum. However, for moderate object sizes, up to 31.6

$$\%$$

%

reduction in power generation can be realized. Greater temperature differences result in a linearly rising power generation, with an achievable power increase of up to 22

$$\%$$

%

. When nanoparticle loading in the base fluid for both cavities is raised to its maximum value, the resultant power increases by around

$$30\%$$

30
%

. Thermoelectric generator power rises by 67.8

$$\%$$

%

when an active heater/cooler with nanofluid is used in vented cavities, as opposed to the reference scenario of employing no object and only water. The thermoelectric generator device’s hot and cold interface temperatures are accurately estimated using the artificial neural network based method. The estimated temperature can be used as boundary condition for the solution of the governing equations in the thermoelectric generator device domain which will decrease the computational cost when dealing with very complex channel configurations.
Multi-objective optimization for layout planning of matrix manufacturing system
Authors: Park Jisoo , Lee Changha , Oh Seog-Chan , Do Noh Sang 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The automotive industry is experiencing rapid changes due to the rise of the Industry 4.0 manufacturing paradigm, which requires strategic implementation of advanced manufacturing systems to meet diverse customer needs. The Matrix Manufacturing System, characterized by modular facilities and autonomous mobile robots, offers greater flexibility compared to traditional dedicated production systems. This paper conducts a multi-objective optimization of facility layout planning within the matrix manufacturing system to enhance efficiency and responsiveness to market volatility. To solve the optimization problem, three heuristic algorithms—Simulated Annealing, Particle Swarm Optimization, and Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II are employed and their performance is compared. For the comparative analysis, frequency maps are used, visualizing the optimization processes and outcomes between metaheuristic algorithms. The framework with methodologies presented in this report is expected to improve productivity and flexibility of a matrix manufacturing system in the automotive industry.
Delay Discounting of Monetary Outcomes by Justice-Involved Male Adolescents and College Students
Authors: Brogan Kristen M. , Rapp John T. , Newland M. Christopher 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Delay discounting of hypothetical monetary outcomes by justice-involved youth adolescents was compared to that of college students to lay a foundation for future discounting work with justice-involved youth. We administered a hypothetical monetary delay-discounting task to three groups: (1) justice-involved adolescent males; (2) college student males; and (3) college student females. Using nonlinear regression, we fit the exponential, hyperbolic, and hyperboloid models to each data set both individually and at the group level. We determined the best fitting model for individual data sets and group data using the Information-Theoretic approach to model comparisons. For group averages, a hyperbolic model was slightly better than hyperboloid for justice-involved youth and college males, but the hyperboloid model was marginally better for college females. The evidence for any one model was modest to marginal, however. There was considerable variability in which model fit individual data best within all groups, each model being best for some participants. Regardless of the model, justice-involved youth discounted delayed monetary outcomes much more steeply than college males or females. The last two groups did not differ from each other. Two limitations can be noted. The mode for delivering the discounting tasks was different for the justice-involved youth as compared with the college students, an accommodation to the COVID-19 pandemic. Discounting functions from many justice-involved youth had to be discarded because of poor control by delay to the larger-later option. Findings from this study will inform future work on delay discounting by justice-involved youth and may help to inform treatment of this population in the future.
Additive Manufacturing of Ni–Ti SMA by the Sinter-Based MoldJet Method
Authors: Addess Alon , Shilo Doron , Glass Boaz , Paskovitch Yael , Burkhardt Carlo , Vogel Lucas , Rabkin Eugen , Faran Eilon 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Additive Manufacturing (AM) of Shape Memory Alloys (SMA), and specifically Ni–Ti alloys, is an evolving field with significant potential to applications in actuation, energy harvesting, and refrigeration. Sinter-based AM technologies show promise in tailoring and controlling the microstructure and properties of Ni–Ti, because the metal particles remain in the solid-state throughout the process. Here, we report on the manufacturing and characterization of Ni–Ti produced using a novel sinter-based MoldJet method: a wax-based mold is deposited layer-by-layer using jet-printing, and its cavities are simultaneously filled with metallic paste. This additive process produces a green body that is sintered to form a dense metal part. The low content of organic binder in the metallic paste results in reduced carbon and oxygen contamination compared to other sinter-based AM methods. Consequently, the reduced formation of carbides and oxides enhances the thermomechanical properties. Here, we show that Ni–Ti produced via MoldJet exhibits a superelastic response with a substantial recoverable strain of 5.6% in tension and 4.5% in compression, and irrecoverable plastic strain below 0.2%. The results indicate that MoldJet is a promising method for AM of Ni–Ti for advanced applications. Specifically, we show that the obtained material properties are adequate for elastocaloric cooling devices.
Millingtonia hortensis L.f. (tree jasmine): botany, ethnopharmacology, chemical constituents, biological activities of extracts and essential oils—an updated review
Authors: Ashokkumar Kaliyaperumal , Murugan Muthusamy , Murugesan P. , Venkatesh Thangaraj 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Millingtonia hortensis is extensively grown for decorative purposes due to its beautiful flowers and fragrant characteristics. Millingtonia hortensis is an unexplored plant for utilization of its chemical constituents for therapeutic applications. Therefore, the present review thoroughly analyzes the botanical features, chemical composition, and biological and pharmacological effects of M. hortensis essential oil (MHEO) and extracts. This review employed the leading scientific databases Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed between 2013 and the end of September 2024 and combined terms, Millingtonia hortensis, Botany, essential oil, phytochemistry and pharmacological activity. The MHEO yield varied between 0.02 and 3.57%. The main constituents of M. hortensis extract and essential oil include solanesol (25.7%), trans-farnesol (19.7%), and nerolidol (8.2%). MHEO and its active chemical constituents exhibit various biological capabilities, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and larvicidal, among other activities. However, several biological and pharmacological investigations lacked appropriate experimental settings, such as proper doses and positive and negative controls. Furthermore, many pharmacological investigations were exclusively carried out utilizing cell lines and animal models. Thus, this study suggested that further research investigations should be carried out in a proper scientific experimental setting to perform MHEO on human patients. This would broaden its scope of use in the pharmaceutical industry.
Initial stage of crusted scabies and possible diagnostic characteristics: A case series
Authors: Li Wanchen , Song Lin , Guo Tao , Wu Yaliu , Li Xiaoli , Li Hongfeng , Li Jianjun , Li Simiao 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Scabies is a neglected tropical disease caused by the ectoparasitic mite, Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis (S. scabiei). Common scabies, the most prevalent clinical subtype of scabies, is characterized by pruritus, multiple skin lesions and low mite burden. In contrast, crusted scabies, an extremely contagious variant, is characterized by hyperkeratosis and high mite burden, with or without pruritus. Scabies can be diagnosed based on clinical manifestations, with confirmation obtained through microscopic identification of diagnostic features of S. scabiei. However, owing to the diversity and non-specific nature of its clinical manifestations and insufficient knowledge regarding early-stage clinical manifestations, the diagnosis of crusted scabies continues to be delayed. Herein, we present three cases of scabies with varying degrees of crusting and mite burden. Three patients with physical and microscopic results suggesting scabies were selected for this study. Case 1 had mild crusting and low mite burden, case 2 had severe crusting and high mite burden and case 3 had mild crusting and high mite burden. In this case report, ‘the initial stage of crusted scabies’ refers to the progression from common to crusted scabies. The discussion regarding the diagnostic characteristics of the initial stage of crusted scabies is expected to aid the early diagnosis of crusted scabies.
Defining variances in practice for use of electrophysiology studies in risk stratification of patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot: a PACES survey
Authors: Haththotuwegama Kishanee J. , Wu Sarah Z. , Anderson Charles C. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSudden cardiac death poses a significant risk in patients with surgically repaired tetralogy of Fallot. Despite extensive research, risk stratification practices vary. This study surveyed the Pediatric and Adult Congenital Electrophysiology Society to identify these differences. Results showed diverse practices in indications, methods, and interpretation of electrophysiology studies, highlighting a need for standardised algorithms to improve patient outcomes.
Successful biventricular repair following strategic treatment focused on left ventricular growth in a patient with hypoplastic left heart complex and unbalanced right dominant atrioventricular septal defect: a case report
Authors: Araki Kanta , Kagisaki Koji , Ozawa Hideto 
Published: January 2025

AbstractA patient with borderline left ventricle successfully underwent biventricular repair following a staged surgical approach to promote left ventricular growth. Despite initial concerns about left ventricle size, apex formation and adequate size of atrioventricular valve indicated potential for future growth. The patient demonstrated significant left ventricular growth, resulting in stable biventricular circulation and a favourable outcome over a three-year postoperative follow-up period.Clinical Registration Number: Institutional Review Board of Osaka City General Hospital, number 1902139.
The Role of Secondary Recoil Leaders in the Formation of Subsequent Return Strokes
Authors: Cruz Ivan T. , Saba Marcelo M. F. , Silva José Claudio O. , Schumann Carina 
Published: January 2025

AbstractRecoil leaders develop in lightning flash decayed channels. The propagation of a recoil leader depends on the charges stored at its tip and the conductivity of the decayed channel. When the recoil leader propagates over the entire channel, a subsequent return stroke happens. Recoil leaders very often cease propagating before they reach the ground, that is, only part of the decayed channel is reionized. The present work aims to analyze the herein named secondary recoil leader that connect with the primary recoil leaders and cause them to start propagating again. We believe that the secondary recoil leader injects additional charge into the primary recoil leader, allowing the recoil leader reionize the whole decayed channel of the lightning flash. High‐speed videos analysis of upward lightning flashes shows that secondary recoil leaders play an important role on the formation and progression of dart leaders/subsequent return strokes.