bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of three‐dimensional ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging in assessment of congenital heart anomalies in fetal cardiac specimens
Authors: Meyer‐Wittkopf M. , Cook A. , McLennan A. , Summers P. , Sharland G. K. , Maxwell D. J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIn this observational study, multiplanar three‐dimensional ultrasound images were reconstructed from tomographic views obtained by scanning seven cadavaric fetal hearts with various congenital heart defects. Comparisons were made with multiplanar three‐dimensional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the hearts. Good‐quality echocardiographic images were obtained in all but one of the fetal hearts. Multiplanar as well as three‐dimensional reconstructions were possible and allowed accurate assessment of complex cardiac defects. Overall, the MRI projections had better image quality and revealed more structural details than the sonographic views, although both imaging modes showed the same cardiac anatomical abnormalities. Our initial results demonstrate that simultaneous multiplanar display of cross‐sectional echocardiographic views can be performed to provide three‐dimensional images of the fetal heart, demonstrating structural cardiac malformation. However, the clinical application of three‐dimensional fetal echocardiography is at present limited by the time required for image data acquisition and the need for accurate temporal and positional gating in the living fetus. Copyright © 1996 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
The value of transvaginal sonography with and without saline instillation in the diagnosis of uterine pathology in pre‐ and postmenopausal women with abnormal bleeding or suspect sonographic findings
Authors: Bronz L. , Suter T. , Rusca T. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIn this prospective study, 139 patients., 83 premenopausal patients with abnormal uterine bleeding and 56 postmenopausal patients either with metrorrhagia (33) or a suspect sonographic finding (23), were examined preoperatively with transvaginal sonography (TVS) and saline contrast hysterosonography (SCHS). The histological results, obtained by bysteroscopy, were compared with the pre‐operative findings. Uterine pathology (benign polyps, submucous fibroids, endometrial byperplasia and carcinoma) was found in 74.7% and 76.8% of the pre‐ and postmenopausal patients, respectively. TVS and SCHS are very sensitive at diagnosing uterine pathology, the latter being more specific and enabling better surgical management and a reduction in unnecessary interventions. Copyright © 1997 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Perception of information, expectations and experiences among women and their partners attending a second‐trimester routine ultrasound scan
Authors: Eurenius K. , Axelsson O. , Gällstedt‐Fransson I. , Sjöden P.‐O. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate pre‐scan counselling and the provision of information to parents‐to‐be, and their expectations before and experiences of a second trimester routine ultrasound scan. In the study, 303 pregnant women and their partners were asked to complete questionnaires before and after the scan. The main purposes of the examination were: dating, ascertaining fetal viability, and detection of multiple gestations. Although scanning for fetal malformations was not the purpose of the examination, 89% of the women and 84% of the men were concerned about this aspect. Even though it has been postulated that more women would not attend the examination if they knew it was for prenatal diagnostic purposes, the results of this study did not support this assumption. Only 57% of the women had received information at their antenatal care centers. A total of 138% of the women and 85% of the men said that they obtained sufficient information at the scan. Anxiety was low before the scan, both among women and men, with the exception of those women who had experienced problems at earlier scans. Positive feelings dominated during the scan and these feelings remained when experiences of the scan were reported by the parents‐to‐be after they had gone home. It is concluded that a routine second‐trimester scan is a positive event for the majority of the participating women and men. In spite of this, we believe that certain measures should be taken to improve pre‐scan counselling and the provision of adequate information. Copyright © 1997 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Uterine sarcoma: can it be differentiated from uterine leiomyoma with Doppler ultrasonography? A preliminary report
Authors: Hata K. , Hata T. , Maruyama R. , Hirai M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractOur objective was to evaluate whether intratumoral blood flow analysis could differentiate uterine sarcoma from uterine leiomyoma. Color and pulsed Doppler findings obtained from 41 patients with histologically proven uterine leiomyoma and five with uterine sarcoma (four leiomyosarcoma, one mixed mesodermal tumor) were retrospectively assessed. Intratumoral blood flow velocicy waveforms were recorded, and the resistance index (RI) and peak systolic velocity (PS V) were calculated.There was no significant difference between the RI (median 0.647; range 0.422–0.896) in the uterine leiomyomas and the RI (median 0.663; range 0.330–0.774) in the uterine sarcomas. The PSV (median 61.6 cm/s; range 410.0–124.0 cm/s) in the uterine sarcoma was significantly higher (median 21.6 cm/s, range 6.3–48.6 cm/s) than that in the uterine leiomyomas (p < 0.05). When a cut‐off value for the PSV of 41.O cm/s (mean PSV of the uterine leiomyomas plus 2 standard deviations) was considered, the detection rate for uterine sarcoma was 80.0%, and the false‐positive rate was 2.4%. These results suggest that the PSV within the tumor detected by color and pulsed Doppler ultrasonography could be useful for the preoperative differential diagnosis of uterine sarcoma. Copyright © 1997 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Uterine perfusion and endometrial thickness in postmenopausal. women on long‐term continuous combined estrogen and progestogen replacement
Authors: Dören M. , Süselbeck B. , Schneider H. P. G. , Holzgreve W. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe assessed the resistance index (RI) and pulsatility index (Pi), peak and average systolic velocities in uterine, arcuate and radial arteries, and endometrial thickness (ET) by transvaginal B mode and color Doppler sonography in patients on continuous combined hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) and controls. HRT consisted of 2 mg estradiol, 1 mg estriol and 1 mg norethisterone acetate daily (n = 33) compared to controls, who received none of these (n = 21). Age was 61 ± 6 and 59 ± 9 years (mean ± standard deviation) in the HRT and control groups, respectively. The duration of HRT was 5 ± 2 years, with a minimum of 1 year. We found that the uterine RI and, to a lesser extent, the uterine PI were significantly lower and the radial peak systolic velocities were significantly higher in the HRT group compared to controls. The highest uterine PI values were measured in controls with the shortest life‐time exposure to endogenous estrogens, i.e. late menarcheal age or early menopause. The endometrial thickness of 2.8 ± 1.8 mm in the HRT group was not significantly different from that in the controls (4.2 ± 5.6 mm). In conclusion, the alteration in blood flow parameters demonstrated in this study would suggest that the long‐term use of continuous oral estradio12 mg, estriol 1 mg and norethisterone acetate 1 mg daily is associated with a slight increase of flow in the uterine arteries compared to controls matched for (postmenopausal) age. Endometrial thickness does not increase with duration of use of continuous combined HRT. Copyright © 1997 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Prenatal diagnosis of ventriculo‐coronary communications in a second‐trimester fetus using transvaginal and transabdominal color Doppler sonography
Authors: Chaoui R. , Tennstedt C. , Göldner B. , Bollmann R. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe report on the prenatal diagnosis of ventriculo‐coronary communication associated with pulmonary atresia and an intact interventricular septum. The diagnosis was made by transvaginal color Doppler sonography at 17 weeks' gestation and confirmed by transabdominal sonography at 19 weeks. Color Doppler demonstrated the communication between the distal hypoplastic right ventricle and the right coronary artery, with the course of this vessel situated along the outer heart wall. Spectral Doppler assessment showed bidirectional arterial flow in this vessel. Extra‐cardiac skeletal anomalies (cleft hands and feet) were also detected and classified as an ectrodactyly‐ectodermal dysplasia clefting (EEC) syndrome. This led the parents to opt for termination of pregnancy. All findings were confirmed on autopsy. Using stereomicroscopy the malformations of the coronary system and main connections to the lumen of the right ventricle were additionally demonstrated.To our knowledge this is the first report on the identification of coronary artery malformations in a midtrimester fetus using transvaginal color Doppler. The early appearance enabled us to investigate the pathophysiological sequence of the combined defect. Further investigation might elucidate whether ventriculo‐coronary communications arise secondary to pulmonary atresia and intact inter‐ventricular septum, due to increased ventricular pressure, or are the primary defect leading to intrauterine pulmonary atresia or, indeed, whether both defects appear simultaneously. Copyright © 1997 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Abnormal pulmonary venous return diagnosed prenatally by pulsed Doppler flow imaging
Authors: Feller Printz B. , Allan L. D. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractPulsed Doppler ultrasound has been used to characterize distinctive pulmonary venous flow patterns in the normal fetus and child. Changes in these characteristic flow patterns have been related to abnormal atria1 and ventricular hemodynamics. We report a case of total anomalous pulmonary venous return diagnosed prenatally because of an abnormal pulsed Doppler echocardiographic flow pattern, even though color flow mapping appeared to demonstrate normal pulmonary venous drainage. This case demonstrates the importance of obtaining pulsed Doppler pulmonary venous flow profiles during fetal echocardiography, especially in cases of complex congenital heart disease. Copyright © 1997 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
A cross‐sectional study of changes in fetal renal size with gestation in appropriate‐ and small‐for‐gestational‐age fetuses
Authors: Konje J. C. , Okaro C. I. , Bell S. C. , de Chazal R. , Taylor D. J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThis cross‐sectional study aimed to determine whether there are differences in kidney size and shape in small‐ and appropriate‐for‐gestational‐age fetuses at different gestations. In the Fetal Growth Clinic: of a large university hospital in England, 219 singleton fetuses were studied cross‐sectionally at different gestational ages from 22 to 38 weeks. At each gestational age, the fetal kidney length, circumference and anterior‐posterior and transverse diameters were measured using an Aloka 650 SL machine. At birth, the fetuses were classified as small or appropriate for gestational age, depending on the birth weight centile; the various kidney measurements for the two groups were compared.The kidney lengths at different gestational ages were similar in the two groups. The circumference and transverse and anterior‐posterior diameters were significantly greater in the appropriate‐for‐gestational‐age fetuses from about 28 weeks' gestation.We conclude that differences in fetal kidney size with gestation manifest from as early as 26–28 weeks. The differentially smaller anterior‐posterior and transverse kidney diameters in small‐for‐gestational age fetuses resulted in altered renal morphology, producing sausage‐shaped kidneys. Copyright © 1997 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Limb amputation in amniotic band syndrome: serial ultrasonographic and Doppler observations
Authors: Tadmor O. P. , Kreisbe G. A. , Achiront R. , Porat S. , Yagel S. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA 28‐year‐old woman, gravida 7, para 6, was referred at 21 weeks' gestation to our ultrasound unit because of bilateral fetal lower limb edema diagnosed previously. Ultrasonography showed a constriction ring around both legs, and, with the aid of color Doppler, arterial flow was demonstrated in both legs beneath the constriction ring. Subsequent examinations during the 24th and 28th weeks revealed absence of flow below the constriction ring of the right leg and decreased flow in the left leg. This was followed by the gradual bending, breaking and resorption of the tibia and fibula of the right leg. Between weeks 30 and 34, gradual shrinkage of the remains of the right leg beneath the knee was recorded by serial ultrasonic observations. At the 38th week of gestation, a male infant was born by normal vaginal delivery. Examination at birth revealed amputation of the right leg below the knee, with a denuded end of the stump. There was a partial amputation of the left leg below the knee, with tissue continuity being maintained by the posterior neurovascular bundle, and a posterior strip of skin. The left foot was extremely edematous, with an area of necrosis dorsally.This case afforded us the opportunity of in utero following of natural limb amputation in the amniotic band syndrome. Copyright © 1997 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
The incorporation of maternal age into the sonographic scoring index for the detection at 14–20 weeks of fetuses with Down's syndrome
Authors: Bromley B. , Lieberman E. , Benacerraf B. R. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractSonographic markers for Down's syndrome have been useful in the identification of affected fetuses. In this study, we evaluated the accuracy of an expanded scoring index that included recently described sonographic markers as well as maternal age to optimize identification of fetuses with Down's syndrome.Over a 27 month period, we performed 4075 genetic amniocenteses for advanced maternal age or an abnormal triple panel. Prior to each amniocentesis, a complete sonographic assessment of the fetus was performed including a structural survey and fetal biometry. Each patient was assigned a score based on the sonographic markers in a previously reported scoring system, modified by the addition of an echogenic intracardiac focus. The sonographic scoring system was then combined with the assignment of additional points based on maternal age. Karyotypic results were obtained subsequent to the scans, and Down's syndrome fetuses and a control group of normal fetuses were compared.Fifty‐three fetuses with Down's syndrome were identified by karyotype and compared to a control group of 177 normal fetuses. A score of ≥ 2 as a criterion for a positive test resulted in the identification of 75.4% of fetuses with Down's syndrome, with a 5.7% false‐positive rate. A score of ≥ 1 increased the sensitivity to 83.0%, with a false‐positive rate of 17.5%. The age‐adjusted modification resulted in the identification of 86.8% of fetuses with Down's syndrome, with a false‐positive rate of 27.1%. It is for the individual patient and her practitioner to weigh the risks and benefits in selecting her options for prenatal diagnosis. Copyright © 1997 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Body stalk anomaly at 10–14 weeks of gestation
Authors: Daskalakis G. , Sebire N. J. , Jurkovic D. , Snijders R. J. M. , Nicolaides K. H. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIn a multicenter project of screening for chromosomal defects by fetal nuchal translucency thickness and maternal age at 10–14 weeks, 14 of 106 727 fetuses examined had body stalk anomaly. The ultrasonographic features were a major abdominal wall defect, severe kyphoscoliosis and a short umbilical cord. In all cases, the upper part of the fetal body was in the amniotic cavity, whereas the lower part was in the celomic cavity. The nuchal translucency thickness was above the 95th centile in ten (71.4%) of the cases, but the fetal karyotype was normal in all 12 fetuses evaluated. The findings suggest that early amnion rupture before obliteration of the celomic cavity is a possible cause of the syndrome. Copyright © 1997 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Transvaginal ultrasonography combined with color velocity imaging and pulsed Doppler to detect residual trophoblastic tissue
Authors: Alcázar J.L. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe value of transvaginal B‐mode ultrasonography combined with color velocity imaging and pulsed Doppler to detect retained trophoblastic tissue was evaluated prospectively in a series of 40 patients with postpartum (n = 15) or postabortion (n = 25) bleeding. Color velocity imaging was used to identify color‐coded blood flow signals within myometrium and/or endometrium. Flow was subjectively quantified as absent, scanty or abundant. Pulsed Doppler was used to assess blood flow impedance by calculating the resistance index. The presence of abundant flow with a lowest resistance index of less than 0.45 was considered as suspicious of residual trophoblastic tissue. Twenty‐two (55%) out of the 40 patients underwent dilatation and curettage and chorionic villi were demonstrated in 1.5 of these. Eighteen (45%) patients were managed conservatively. None of these patients suffered complications or needed readmission for curettage, and all of them were considered as not having retained tissue. On color pulsed Doppler ultrasound examination, 15 patients had suspected retained tissue; all of these underwent curettage and residual trophoblast was found in 14 (93.3%). Out of 2.5 patients considered as having no residual tissue on color pulsed Doppler ultrasound examination, seven underwent curettage and chorionic villi were found in one patient (false‐negative rate 6.7%) All patients managed conservatively had an unsuspicious scan. We concluded that transvaginal ultrasonography combined with color velocity imaging and pulsed Doppler could be useful to detect retained trophoblastic tissue and to select patients suitable for conservative management. Copyright © 1998 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Bilateral massive ovarian edema: a case report
Authors: Roberts C.L. , Weston M.J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractMassive ovarian edema is an unusual cause of ovarian enlargement in young patients. Most cases are thought to result from venous and lymphatic obstruction, producing edema. We report the case of a 15‐year‐old girl with bilateral massive ovarian edema, findings on ultrasound imaging, and a review of the literature. The sonographic appearance is non‐specific and can mimic neoplasia, and the definitive diagnosis requires histological examination. It is, however, an important condition to consider in a young patient with a complex ovarian mass in an appropriate clinical setting, as conservative treatment with ovarian preservation is often possible. Copyright © 1998 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Prenatal sonographic characteristics and Doppler blood flow study in a case of a large fetal mediastinal teratoma
Authors: Liang R.‐I. , Wang P. , Chang F.‐M. , Chang C.‐H. , Yu C.‐H. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAlthough fetal mediastinal teratomas may result in respiratory distress in the neonatal period and lead to perinatal mortality, they are rarely diagnosed prenatally. Furthermore, their impact on fetal hemodynamics has never been described. We report a case of a large fetal mediastinal teratoma prenatally visualized at 38 weeks' gestation by both two‐ and three‐ dimensional ultrasound. We also describe the associated changes in the Doppler flow velocimetry, namely, a decrease in cardiac output, prolonged acceleration time in the pulmonary artery and an increase in the umbilical artery S/D ratio. The baby was well at the 5‐month follow‐up after an operation in the neonatal period. From our case, we believe that accurate prenatal diagnosis and assessment by two‐ and three‐dimensional ultrasound as well as Doppler flow velocimetry may contribute to a better perinatal outcome. Copyright © 1998 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Prenatal diagnosis and outcome of subamniotic hematomas
Authors: Deans A. , Jauniaux E. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractSubamniotic hematomas are classical placental pathological lesions resulting from the rupture of chorionic vessels near the cord insertion. Most subamniotic hematomas are found after birth and result from excessive traction on the umbilical cord at delivery. The development of these lesions has been rarely reported in utero. We report here five cases of subamniotic hematomas diagnosed by ultrasound between 18 and 30 weeks of gestation. The sonographic features were those of a poorly reflective oval‐shaped cystic mass overlying the fetal plate of the placenta and covered in a thin membrane. In all the cases, a cystic structure containing a thrombotic mass arising from the amniotic membrane, which was attached to the fetal placental surface, was found after delivery. A high maternal serum α‐fetoprotein level was found retrospectively in the four cases for which this information was available. Two pregnancies were complicated by slow fetal growth, one by vaginal bleeding and one by polyhydramnios. These findings demonstrated that subamniotic hematoma can be accurately diagnosed in utero by ultrasound and differentiated from other lesions of the placental chorionic plate. The findings also show that, although the lesion is located between the chorion and the amnion, it can be associated with fetomaternal hemorrhage and with fetal growth restriction. Copyright © 1998 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Outcome of fetuses with enlarged nuchal translucency and normal karyotype
Authors: Bilardo C. M. , Pajkrt E. , de Graaf I. , Mol B. W. , Bleker O. P. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine the relationship between nuchal translucency measurements and outcome of pregnancy with special regard to fetuses with an enlarged nuchal translucency and a normal karyotype. Fetal nuchal translucency measurements were performed on consecutive mothers attending the prenatal diagnosis center of our hospital. A complete follow‐up was obtained in 88.4% of the cases. Of the 74 fetuses (4.4%) with an enlarged nuchal translucency (<3 mm), 25 (33.8%) had an abnormal karyotype. Two pregnancies ended in a spontaneous abortion before karyotyping was performed. In the remain‐ing 47 eukaryotic fetuses with enlarged nuchal translucency, five (10.6%) had a structural anomaly, two were affected by genetic syndromes (4.2%) and an additional four fetuses (8.5%) were affected by a single‐gene disorder. A spontaneous abortion or an intrauterine death occurred in 6.4% and in 2.1% of these fetuses, respectively. The total incidence of an unfavorable outcome in the group of chromosomally normal fetuses with enlarged nuchal translucency was 32%. In contrast, in the group with a normal nuchal translucency (+3 mm), the incidence of an unfavorable outcome was 7.5%. There is a strong association between enlarged nuchal translucency measurements and congenital (structural and genetic) abnormalities, as assessed by receiver operator characteristic analysis. This may represent, in fetuses with a normal karyotype, a non‐specific sign of a disturbance in the developmental process. In these cases, detailed ultrasound surveillance is recommended. Copyright © 1998 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology