Arbitrase Dalam Dispute Settlement Understanding Sebagai Alternatif Penyelesaian Proses Banding Atas Sengketa Perdagangan Internasional
Authors: Salsabila Fatimah 
Published: December 2023

Arbitrase diperkenalkan dalam organisasi World Trade Organization pada Pasal 25 dari Dispute Settlement Understanding, sebagai salah satu jalan penyelesaian sengketa yang bisa ditempuh para pihak. Penelitian ini membahas mengenai bagaimana arbitrase dalam Dispute Settlement Understanding dapat dipergunakan untuk menyelesaikan proses sengketa perdagangan internasional di tahap banding, dan bagaimana implikasi dan tantangan dalam berjalannya arbitrase sebagai alternatif penyelesaian sengketa perdagangan internasional di tahap banding. Metode penelitian yang dipergunakan adalah non doktrinal, dengan mengolah dan menganalisis bahan hukum seperti perjanjian internasional, putusan dari lembaga penyelesaian sengketa internasional dan peraturan perundang-undangan terkait. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Pasal 25 DSU pada dasarnya menekankan adanya objek sengketa dari arbitrase yang ditafsirkan secara luas, yakni sengketa yang dapat didefinisikan oleh para pihak, sehingga forum arbitrase dimungkinkan untuk dipergunakan sebagai mekanisme banding. Secara sosiologis, urgensi adanya arbitrase di tahap banding adalah karena adanya pemblokiran penambahan anggota di AB, yang menyebabkan AB tidak dapat memproses perkara yang masuk dari para pihak. Arbitrase ini memberikan suatu terobosan hukum baru dan perjanjian turunan berupa terbentuknya Multi Party Interim Appeal Arbitration, namun memiliki tantangannya tersendiri, seperti permasalahan validitas dari lembaga arbitrase sendiri dan dimungkinkannya putusan arbitrase ditolak eksekusinya oleh hukum nasional.
Kata Kunci: Arbitrase; Banding; Sengketa Perdagangan Internasional; WTO.
Arbitration is introduced in the World Trade Organization in Article 25 of the Dispute Settlement Understanding, as one of the dispute resolution avenues that parties can pursue. This research discusses how arbitration in the Dispute Settlement Understanding can be used to resolve international trade dispute processes at the appeal stage, and what are the implications and challenges in the operation of arbitration as an alternative to international trade dispute resolution at the appeal stage. The research method used is non-doctrinal, by processing and analyzing legal materials such as international agreements, decisions from international dispute settlement institutions and related laws and regulations. The results of this study show that Article 25 of the DSU basically emphasizes the existence of an object of dispute from arbitration which is interpreted broadly, namely disputes that can be defined by the parties, so that the arbitration forum is possible to be used as an appeal mechanism. Sociologically, the urgency of arbitration at the appeal stage is due to the blocking of additional members in the AB, which causes the AB to be unable to process incoming cases from the parties. This arbitration provides a new legal breakthrough and a derivative agreement in the form of the establishment of Multi Party Interim Appeal Arbitration, but has its own challenges, such as the issue of the validity of the arbitration institution itself and the possibility of arbitral awards being denied execution by national law.
Keywords: Arbitration; Appeal; International Trade Dispute; WTO.