bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ki-67 labeling index predicts tumor progression patterns and survival in patients with atypical meningiomas following stereotactic radiosurgery
Authors: Umekawa Motoyuki , Shinya Yuki , Hasegawa Hirotaka , Morshed Ramin A. , Katano Atsuto , Shinozaki-Ushiku Aya , Saito Nobuhito 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
This study investigated whether Ki-67 labeling index (LI) correlated with clinical outcomes after SRS for atypical meningiomas.

Methods
This retrospective study examined 39 patients with atypical meningiomas who underwent SRS over a 10-year study period. Ki-67 LI was categorized into 3 groups: low (< 5%), intermediate (5%–10%), and high (> 10%). Local tumor control rates (LCRs), progression-free rates (PFRs), disease-specific survival (DSS) rates, and adverse radiation-induced events (AREs) were evaluated.

Results
The median follow-up periods were 26 months. SRS was performed at a median prescription dose of 18 Gy for tumors with a median Ki-67 LI of 9.6%. The 3-year LCRs were 100%, 74%, and 25% in the low, intermediate, and high LI groups, respectively (p = 0.011). The 3-year PFRs were 100%, 40%, and 0% in the low, intermediate, and high LI groups (p = 0.003). The 5-year DSS rates were 100%, 89%, and 50% in the low, intermediate, and high LI groups (p = 0.019). Multivariable Cox proportional hazard analysis showed a significant correlation of high LI with lower LCR (hazard ratio [HR], 3.92; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.18–13.04, p = 0.026), lower PFR (HR 3.80; 95% CI 1.46–9.88, p = 0.006), and shorter DSS (HR 6.55; 95% CI 1.19–35.95, p = 0.031) compared with intermediate LI. The ARE rates were minimal (8%) in the entire group.

Conclusion
Patients with high Ki-67 LI showed significantly more tumor progression and tumor-related death. Ki-67 LI might offer valuable predictive insights for the post-SRS management of atypical meningiomas.
Painlevé analysis, Painlevé–Bäcklund, multiple regular and singular kink solutions of dynamical thermopherotic equation drafting wrinkle propagation
Authors: Yan Li , Raza Nauman , Jannat Nahal , Baskonus Haci Mehmet , Basendwah Ghada Ali 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe thermophoretic motion (TM) system with a variable heat transmission factor, based on the Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equation, is used to model soliton-like thermophoresis of creases in graphene sheets. Painlevé test is employed to discover that the equation is Painlevé integrable. Then an auto-Bäcklund transformation using the truncated Painlevé expansion is obtained. Concerning the additional variables, the auto-Bäcklund transformations convert the nonlinear model to a set of linear partial differential equations. Finally, various explicit precise solutions based on the acquired auto-Bäcklund transformations are investigated and the researched solutions are illustrated in 3D, 2D and contour plots. Furthermore, the Cole-Hopf transformation is used in conjunction with Hirota’s bilinear technique to get multiple regular and singular kink solutions.
Modelling the effects of p-modulation doping in InAs/InGaAs quantum dot devices
Authors: Maglio Benjamin , Jarvis Lydia , Tang Mingchu , Liu Huiyun , Smowton Peter M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA modelling routine has been developed to quantify effects present in p-modulation doped 1.3 μm InAs/InGaAs quantum dot laser and modulator devices. Utilising experimentally verified parameters, calculated modal absorption is compared to measurements, prior to simulation of structures under reverse and forward bias. Observed broadening and a reduction of absorption in p-doped structures is attributed primarily to increased carrier scattering rates and can bring benefit when structures are configured as optical modulators with enhancements in the figure of merit. However, increased carrier scattering limits the maximum modal gain that can be achieved for lasers. The state filling caused by p-doping only marginally reduces absorption but assists laser operation with increased differential gain and gain magnitude at lower current densities.
IPD3, a master regulator of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis, affects genes for immunity and metabolism of non-host Arabidopsis when restored long after its evolutionary loss
Authors: Hornstein Eli D. , Charles Melodi , Franklin Megan , Edwards Brianne , Vintila Simina , Kleiner Manuel , Sederoff Heike 
Published: February 2024

AbstractArbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis (AM) is a beneficial trait originating with the first land plants, which has subsequently been lost by species scattered throughout the radiation of plant diversity to the present day, including the model Arabidopsis thaliana. To explore if elements of this apparently beneficial trait are still present and could be reactivated we generated Arabidopsis plants expressing a constitutively active form of Interacting Protein of DMI3, a key transcription factor that enables AM within the Common Symbiosis Pathway, which was lost from Arabidopsis along with the AM host trait. We characterize the transcriptomic effect of expressing IPD3 in Arabidopsis with and without exposure to the AM fungus (AMF) Rhizophagus irregularis, and compare these results to the AM model Lotus japonicus and its ipd3 knockout mutant cyclops-4. Despite its long history as a non-AM species, restoring IPD3 in the form of its constitutively active DNA-binding domain to Arabidopsis altered expression of specific gene networks. Surprisingly, the effect of expressing IPD3 in Arabidopsis and knocking it out in Lotus was strongest in plants not exposed to AMF, which is revealed to be due to changes in IPD3 genotype causing a transcriptional state, which partially mimics AMF exposure in non-inoculated plants. Our results indicate that molecular connections to symbiosis machinery remain in place in this nonAM species, with implications for both basic science and the prospect of engineering this trait for agriculture.
Environmental Energy Production and Wastewater Treatment Using Synthesized Pd Nanoparticles with Biological and Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Tiri Rima Nour Elhouda , Aygun Aysenur , Bekmezci Muhammed , Gonca Serpil , Ozdemir Sadin , Kaymak Gullu , Karimi-Maleh Hassan , Sen Fatih 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMetallic nanoparticles have attracted great attention in catalytic, medical diagnosis, and treatment research in recent years. The formation of palladium nanoparticles using rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) extract was carried out using the green synthesis method. The plant was extracted using 70% ethanol by microwave techniques. The novelty of this study is the investigation of the biological activities of green synthesis of Pd nanoparticles, such as DNA cleavage activity, antimicrobial activity, DPPH scavenging activity, and its electro-catalytic performance in alcohol oxidation. Additionally, photocatalytic activities were also evaluated. The characterization of synthesized palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) was performed by UV-spectrometry, XRD, FTIR, and TEM. According to TEM results, Pd nanoparticles were observed to have a spherical shape and an average particle size of 4.91 nm. The Pd NPs showed the photodegradation of MB solution by up to 79.9% at 120 min. The newly synthesized plant-mediated green synthesized Pd NPs showed the max and the min antimicrobial activity at 16 µg/mL and 256 µg/mL against L. pneumophila and C. albicans, respectively. The current density ratio of 48.22 mA/cm2 obtained in the study indicates that the obtained materials may be of interest in different applications. According to the results obtained, a direct relationship of extract use is observed in the synthesis of Pd nanoparticles and is a good way to reduce and stabilize metal salts. It has been determined that green Pd NPs have potential for use in energy production from alcohol oxidation and in medical applications.
Histological types of brain tumors diagnosed at the Kenyatta National Hospital between 2016 and 2019: a retrospective study
Authors: Gesaka Samwel Rema , Okemwa Parmenas Minda , Mwachaka Philip Maseghe 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To determine the histological types of brain tumors diagnosed at the Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya.

Methods
This retrospective study retrieved patient-archived records at the Kenyatta National Hospital for the period 2016–2019. The histological types of brain tumors were assessed according to age, sex, and the WHO classification for CNS tumors using the GNU PSPP version 1.6.2-g78a33 software. Results were presented in tables and figures.

Results
During the study period, brain tumors appeared to increase gradually; however, there was a decline in 2018. During the study period, 345 brain tumor records were retrieved. Data on age were missing 33 records; hence, 312 records were included for age analyses. The mean age for the pediatrics and adults was 9 (± 5 SD) and 45 (± 14 SD) years, respectively. 88 (28.2%) and 224 (71.8%) tumors were diagnosed among pediatrics and adults, respectively. Most tumors, 60 (19.2%) were reported in patients aged ≤ 10 years, followed by 55 (17.6%), 48 (15.4%), and 47 (15.1%) in patients aged 31–40, 51–60, and 41–50, years, respectively. In both pediatrics and adults, most tumors were diagnosed in females aged ≤ 10 years and 31–40 years, respectively. Overall, two peaks were observed in patients aged 5–15 years and 40–45 years. Gliomas, 43 (48.9%) and medulloblastomas, 21 (23.9%) were the most common tumors in pediatrics, whereas meningiomas, 107 (47.8%) and gliomas, 70 (31.3%) were the most common tumors in adults. Most pediatric and adult tumors were benign with 50 (56.8%) and 157 (70.1%) cases, respectively. Low-grade gliomas and medulloblastomas were the commonest benign and malignant tumors among pediatrics, with 31 (62%) and 21 (55.3%) cases, respectively. Conversely, meningiomas and high-grade gliomas were the most common benign and malignant tumors in adults, with 106 (67.5%) and 44 (65.7%) cases, respectively.

Conclusion
This study highlights the existing burden of brain tumors in Kenya and data from KNH may be representative of the national burden of BTs. This study lays a foundation for subsequent clinical and epidemiological studies and emphasizes the need to adopt existing reporting standards to help realize a complete picture of the burden of brain tumors in Kenya.
Superconductivity for Nuclear Fusion: Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Haack Julia 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWithin fusion research and development, there are three main categories of fusion devices: magnetic confinement fusion, inertial confinement fusion, and magneto-inertial confinement. The focus on achieving power production has historically centered around magnetic confinement fusion, employing devices such as tokamaks, stellarators, and spheromaks. The plasma confinement in these machines relies on powerful magnetic fields generated from large, complex electromagnetic systems containing superconducting coils. Superconductivity, or the flow of current without resistance at low temperatures, allows the electromagnets to fulfill the demanding requirements of fusion devices. Analyzing the history of superconducting magnets in the application of fusion energy production provides necessary insight into the current state of the technology and allows for identification of current and future trends in research and development. Throughout its history, fusion research has experienced cyclic periods of depression followed by renewed interest. Breakthroughs in superconducting technologies have played a part in stimulating these periods of renaissance, cementing its role as an enabling technology for fusion. Future trends in research aim to address several challenges in using superconducting magnets in fusion devices, including manufacturing difficulties, irradiation and long-term availability, quench detection and protection, and finally the high cost of the materials and cryogenic cooling. The resolution of these issues is crucial for advancing fusion devices toward practical energy production.
Valorization of pyrolytic plastic-derived char for adsorption of wastewater contaminants: a kinetic and thermodynamic investigation
Authors: Barracco F. , Parisi E. , Pipitone G. , Simone E. , Bensaid S. , Fino D. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe sustainable management of plastic waste is one of the challenges of our time due to the high percentage of landfilling. One of the strategies is its thermal treatment via pyrolysis, but it is associated with the production of a char, necessitating a proper valorization pathway. In this work, we investigated for the first time the use as adsorbent of a real plastic-derived char obtained as such from a pyrolysis pilot plant. This is a novel approach with respect to literature, where the char is typically obtained as desired product. The adsorbent was characterized via several techniques, and methylene blue was chosen as representative contaminant of wastewater. The inorganic component (80 wt.%) was mainly associated with the presence of rod-like structures, rich in Si, while the organic fraction showed the occurrence of aromatic components. Under the thermodynamic point of view, Langmuir isotherm effectively fitted the experimental data (R2 = 0.98), while the kinetic results were well described by a pseudo-second-order law (R2 > 0.99). The negative Gibbs free energy highlighted that the adsorption process was spontaneous, and the enthalpy change (∆H0 = 7.18 kJ/mol) revealed the endothermic nature of the process, in a range characteristic of physisorption phenomena. Overall, this study highlights that a low-value char, derived from a real plastic waste, can be a promising valuable alternative to expensive adsorbents thanks to its adsorption capacity of 5.8 mg/g without prior activation treatments, hence being a starting point for the development of a holistic approach in plastic waste management.
A note on the rate of convergence of integration schemes for closed surfaces
Authors: Zavalani Gentian , Shehu Elima , Hecht Michael 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we issue an error analysis for integration over discrete surfaces using the surface parametrization presented in Praetorius and Stenger (Arch Numer Softw 1(1):2022, 2022) as well as prove why even-degree polynomials utilized for approximating both the smooth surface and the integrand exhibit a higher convergence rate than odd-degree polynomials. Additionally, we provide some numerical examples that illustrate our findings and propose a potential approach that overcomes the problems associated with the original one.
Effectiveness of oral semaglutide on glucose control and body weight up to 18 months: a multicenter retrospective real-world study
Authors: Bonora B. M. , Russo G. , Leonetti F. , Strazzabosco M. , Nollino L. , Aimaretti G. , Giaccari A. , Broglio F. , Consoli A. , Avogaro A. , Fadini G. P. ,   For the GLIMPLES Study Investigators
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Aim
Oral semaglutide, an innovative orally administered GLP-1 receptor agonist for type 2 diabetes (T2D) management was herein evaluated for its effectiveness in a multi-center retrospective real-world study.

Methods
We included new-users of oral semaglutide from 18 specialist care centres and collected retrospective data on baseline clinical characteristics. Updated values of HbA1c and body weight were analyzed using the mixed model for repeated measures.

Results
The study included 166 individuals with T2D, predominantly men (64.5%), with a mean age of 64.4 years and a mean diabetes duration of 10.1 years. In the majority of patients (68.3%) oral semaglutide was used as a second-line drug, mostly with metformin. At baseline, mean BMI was 28.9 kg/m2 and HbA1c was 7.5%. During the 18-month observation period, oral semaglutide demonstrated significant reductions in HbA1c, with a maximum change of − 0.9%, and 42.1% of patients achieved HbA1c values below 7.0%. Additionally, there was a substantial reduction in body weight, with an estimated change of − 3.4 kg at 18 months, and 30.3% of patients experienced a 5% or greater reduction in baseline body weight. Only 24.2% of patients reached the 14 mg dose. Subgroup analysis revealed that baseline HbA1c > 7%, persistence on drug, not being on a prior therapy with DPP-4 inhibitors, and loosing 5% or more the initial body weight were associated with greater HbA1c reductions.

Conclusion
This study supports oral semaglutide as an effective option for T2D treatment, offering improved glucose control and weight management in a real-world setting.
Approaches to Design an Efficient, Predictable Global Post-approval Change Management System that Facilitates Continual Improvement and Drug Product Availability
Authors: Vinther Anders , Ramnarine Emma , Gastineau Thierry , O’Brien Laura , Brehm Oliver , Fryrear David 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe complexity and inter-connectedness of operating in a global world for drug product supply has become an undeniable reality, further underscored by the COVID-19 pandemic. For Post-Approval Changes (PACs) that are an inevitable part of a product’s commercial life, the impact of the growing global regulatory complexity and related drug shortages has brought the GlobalPACManagement System to an inflection point in particular for companies that have their products marketed in many countries.This paper illustrates through data analyzed for the first time from 145,000 + PACs for 156 countries, collected by 18 global pharma companies over a 3-year period (2019–2021), how severe the problem of global regulatory complexity is. Only PACs requiring national regulatory agency (NRA) approval prior to implementation were included in the data set. 1 of the 156 country NRAs approved all submitted PACs within a period of 6 months. The 6-month timeline was chosen because it is the recommended review timeline for major changes in the WHO guidance for vaccines and biotherapeutic products. 10 out of the 156 (6%) countries had no more than 10% of the PACs reviewed and approved in > 6 months. In 33 (22%) countries more than half of the PACs took > 6 months for approval. It is rare that the same PAC is approved globally within 6 months as individual NRAs take from a few months to years (in some cases > 5 years) for their review.The global PAC management complexity has steadily grown over the past 20 years. Attempts thus far to solve this problem have not made any meaningful difference. Senior leaders and decision-makers across the interdependent components of the complex Global PAC Management System (industry and regulators) must come together and collaboratively manage the problem holistically with the objective of ensuring global drug product availability instead of continuing with distinct stakeholder or country-focused solutions, which can tend to worsen the problem.In this paper, the Chief Quality Officers (CQOs) from 18 of the largest innovator pharma companies (see Acknowledgements) are speaking with One-Voice-of-Quality for PACs (1VQ for PACs Initiative). They are recommending a set of 8 approaches to activate a holistic transformation of the Global PAC Management System. This article presents their view on the problem of global regulatory complexity for managing PACs, it’s impact on continual improvement and the risk to drug product supply, as well as approaches that can help alleviate the problem.
Magnesium cements and their carbonation curing: a state-of-the-art review
Authors: Haque M. Aminul , Dai Jian-Guo , Zhao Xiao-Ling 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe Portland cement (PC) production industry is a key contributor of CO2 emission. The demand of cement is mounting day by day due to the rapid infrastructure development in the world. Consequently, CO2 discharge from the construction sector is continuously increasing and accounts for about 8% of the total CO2 emission, which becomes a global concern nowadays. Wide applications of eco-friendly cements can significantly reduce the CO2 release. Therefore, use of magnesium cements (MCs) might be a promising solution to ease such concern. As a rapid hardening cement, MCs can be characterized as low-carbon due to their lower embodied energy and carbon storage ability during the service. This review mainly summarizes the findings of previous studies related to the carbonation performances of PC blended with magnesia and MCs products, and particularly, the influence of Accelerated carbonation curing (ACC) process on the properties of MCs and corresponding CO2 sequestration performance. The effects of ACC on mechanical strength, hydration and mineral carbonation mechanisms, pore structures, pore solution pH and thermal properties are discussed. The limitations of existing research are also discussed, which may provide the directions for future research and development of MC material products.
Reusable magnetically-modified Enteromorpha prolifera-based biochar hydrogels: competitive removal mechanism for metal-organic dye composite contaminants
Authors: Song Zihan , Liu Yonglin , Liu Lin , Yang Chuanxi , Tian Wei , Duan Baorong , Fang Xu , Ren Yunke , Zhang Mingkun , Xiong Si , Gong Yuzhuo , Sun Haofen , Wang Weiliang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDyes and heavy metals pollute the environment. Biochar-based hydrogel is an excellent adsorbent, but the competitive adsorption mechanism associated with the removal of pollutants using biochar is yet to be understood in detail. Biochar was prepared following the process of high-temperature lysis of marine green tide (Enteromorpha prolifera). The prepared biochar was cross-linked with water-soluble chitosan and compounded with nano-Fe3O4 to synthesize magnetically-modified Enteromorpha prolifera-based biochar hydrogel (MM-EBC-HD). The competitive removal performance of the hydrogel was studied, and the pollutant removal mechanism was analyzed against a binary system consisting of common environmental pollutants (methyl orange [MO] and hexavalent chromium [Cr (VI)]. The physical and chemical properties of the composites were studied before and after contaminant removal, and the associated pollutant removal mechanisms were analyzed by SEM, EDS, FTIR, XRD, and XPS techniques. The effects of pH, temperature and initial pollutant concentration on the adsorption performance of the materials were examined. The maximum adsorption of MO on MM-EBC-HD was 71.18 mg g−1, and adsorption equilibrium was attained at approximately 60 min. Electrostatic forces, hydrophobic bonds, and hydrogen bonds were exploited for MO adsorption. And the maximum adsorption amount of Cr (VI) was recorded to be 115.41 mg g−1, and equilibrium was attained in approximately 10 min. Electrostatic and ion exchange effects were exploited to adsorb Cr (VI) efficiently. The MO and Cr (VI) adsorption processes could be explained by the second-order kinetic model and Langmuir adsorption isotherms, respectively. The adsorption performance recorded for the binary adsorption system was poorer than that recorded for the single adsorption system for both pollutants. MO and Cr (VI) adsorption decreased from 74.88% to 47.65% and from 62.33% to 42.4%, respectively. Competition between MO and Cr (VI) in the dual system can be attributed to the presence of amino and hydroxyl groups. The MO–Cr complex, which was more compact in structure than a single contaminant, was formed, allowing few reactive groups to be exposed to the surface of the hydrogel. Additionally, MM-EBC-HD nanocomposites presented a recovery rate of 87% after 5 cycles and thus could be used to avoid adsorbents-caused environmental hazards.
Graphical Abstract