bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of GB virus type C/hepatitis G virus RNA and of anti‐E2 in individuals at high or low risk for blood‐borne or sexually transmitted viruses: evidence of sexual and parenteral transmission
Authors: Lefrère Jean‐Jacques , Roudot‐Thoraval Françoise , Morand‐Joubert Laurence , Brossard Yvon , Parnet‐Mathieu Françoise , Mariotti Martine , Agis Franz , Rouet François , Lerable Joelle , Lefèvre Guillaume , Girot Robert , Loiseau Pascale 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: The first epidemiologic evidence of GB virus type C (GBV‐C)/hepatitis G virus (HGV) infection showed a high prevalence of asymptomatic carriers in blood donors and in populations at risk for blood‐borne viruses. However, by using only viral RNA polymerase chain reaction, those studies underestimated the true spread of GBV‐C/HGV infection. The combined detection of GBV‐C/HGV RNA and of anti‐E2 (which reflects recovery from infection) is necessary to define accurately the prevalence of GBV‐C/HGV.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The presence of both anti‐E2 and GBV‐C/HGV RNA was searched for in 1438 serum samples collected from various groups of individuals at low or high risk for blood‐borne or sexually transmitted viruses (blood donors, organ donors, unselected pregnant women, immunocompetent or immunodepressed multiply transfused patients, HIV‐positive or HIV‐negative homosexual men, intravenous drug addicts).RESULTS: The presence of GBV‐C/HGV RNA and/or anti‐E2 (exposure to GBV‐C/HGV) was frequent in populations at risk for blood‐borne or sexually transmitted viruses. GBV‐C/HGV appeared also to be sexually transmitted, with transmission from male to female more efficient than vice versa. A particularly elevated level of exposure to GBV‐C/HGV was observed in homosexual men. In immunocompetent individuals, the prevalence of anti‐E2 was about twice that of GBV‐C/HGV RNA, which suggests the frequency of recovery from GBV‐C/HGV infection. Most of the GBV‐C/HGV RNA‐positive individuals had no biochemical evidence of liver damage.CONCLUSIONS: GBV‐C/HGV is frequent in populations at risk for blood‐borne or sexually transmitted viruses. GBV‐C/HGV is not a hepatitis virus, and it seems appropriate to rename it.
Six filters for the removal of white cells from red cell concentrates, evaluated at 4°C and/or at room temperature
Authors: van der Meer Pieter F. , Pietersz Ruby N.I. , Nelis Johanna T. , Hinloopen Boudewijn , Dekker Wilhelmina J.A. , Reesink Hendrik W. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: Six filters were tested for their ability to remove white cells from buffy coat‐depleted red cell concentrates at various temperatures.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Cellselect FR, BPF4, and Sepacell filters were tested at both room temperature (RT) and 4°C. The Leucoflex filter was tested only at 4°C, while the Cellselect Optima Plus and Imugard filters were tested only at RT. Donor‐dependent differences were excluded by pooling and subsequently dividing 9 red cell concentrates; 12 sets of experiments were performed.RESULTS: With all filters, red cell concentrates containing <5 × 106 white cells per unit were obtained. The lowest numbers of residual white cells were achieved with the Leucoflex (at 4°C, 0.15 ± 0.11 × 106), the Sepacell (at 4°C, 0.23 ± 0.14 × 106), the Imugard (at RT, 0.24 ± 0.14 × 106), and the BPF4 (at 4°C, 0.25 ± 0.24 × 106; differences not significant). With the Cellselect FR, filtration at 4°C resulted in 0.86 ± 0.37 × 106 white cells per unit, a level not significantly different from that obtained with the BPF4 and Sepacell filters at RT (1.16 ± 0.43 × 106 and 0.80 ± 0.36 × 106 white cells, respectively). Filtration at RT with the Cellselect FR and Cellselect Optima Plus resulted in red cell concentrates with 1.79 ± 0.69 × 106 and 2.29 ± 0.69 × 106 white cells, respectively (p<0.01).CONCLUSION: All filters conformed to the current standards for white cell reduction; the process was less efficient at RT than at 4°C. For routine application, the composition of the red cell concentrate, the temperature, and logistic preferences should be taken into account in the final choice of filter; before implementation, the chosen filter must be validated under routine conditions.
Randomized trial assessing the feasibility and safety of biologic parents as RBC donors for their preterm infants
Authors: Strauss R.G. , Burmeister L.F. , Johnson K. , Cress G. , Cordle D.G. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: Most very low birth weight (<1.0 kg) infants receive RBC transfusions. Several reports have demonstra‐ted that RBCs stored up to 42 days can be transfused safely in small volumes to preterm infants to decrease donor exposure without consequent hyperkalemia, acidosis, or other adverse effects. Although biologic parents are likely candidates as donors of blood for their neonates, it has been suggested that their blood may be serologically incompatible with that of their infants.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A two‐arm randomized study was conducted to compare the feasibility and immediate safety of two single‐donor programs for providing small‐volume RBC transfusions to preterm infants: in one arm, infants received RBCs collected from unrelated donors and stored up to 42 days, and in the other arm, RBCs were collected from one of the biologic parents and stored identically. All infants received compatible RBCs that were WBC reduced before storage, stored in AS‐3, and gamma‐radiated. All transfusions were given uniformly as 15 mL per kg of RBCs transfused over 5 hours, during which time the infants were closely observed for clinical reactions. In addition, laboratory studies were performed shortly before and after each transfusion.RESULTS: A total of 40 preterm infants received 120 RBC transfusions. Biologic parents experienced several donor eligibility problems. However, once enrolled as donors, they were able to supply all RBCs needed by their infants. Significant differences in rates of clinical transfusion reactions and laboratory abnormalities were rare and had no apparent clinical importance, regardless of whether RBCs were donated by biologic parents or unrelated donors.CONCLUSION: A single‐donor system, in which AS‐3 RBCs were collected either from unrelated blood donors or from biologic parents and then stored up to 42 days, was able to supply small‐volume RBC transfusions needed by individual preterm infants without immediate, adverse effects. Because the risk of infectious disease transmission is likely reduced by limiting donor exposure, it is logical to conclude that single‐donor programs should increase transfusion safety and that biologic parents should be considered as blood donors for their infants.
The low‐frequency MNS blood group antigens Nya (MNS18) and Osa (MNS38) are associated with GPA amino acid substitutions
Authors: Daniels G.L. , Bruce L.J. , Mawby W.J. , Green C.A. , Petty A. , Okubo Y. , Kornstad L. , Tanner M.J.A. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: Antigens of the MNS blood group system are located on two sialoglycoproteins, GPA and GPB, encoded by GYPA and GYPB. The molecular backgrounds of the low‐frequency antigens Nya and Osa are not known.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Immunoblotting and a monoclonal antibody‐specific immobilization of erythrocyte antigens (MAIEA) assay were used to analyze Osa. PCR‐amplified products of the coding exons of GYPA were studied by single‐strand conformation polymorphism analysis, and exon 3 was sequenced. Synthetic peptides were used in hemagglutination‐inhibition tests.RESULTS: Sequencing of GYPA exon 3 of two unrelated Ny(a+) persons revealed heterozygosity for a T194A base change encoding an Asp27Glu substitution. Immunoblotting with anti‐Osa and an MAIEA assay with MoAbs to GPA showed that Osa is on GPA. Sequencing exon 3 of an Os(a+) person from the only family with Osa revealed heterozygosity for a C273T base change encoding a Pro54Ser substitution. A synthetic peptide representing part of GPA with the Osa mutation (VRTVYPSEEETGE) completely inhibited anti‐Osa, whereas the control peptide (VRTVYPPEEETGE) did not inhibit anti‐Osa.CONCLUSION: Nya and Osa are low‐frequency antigens of the MNS blood group system that represent Asp27Glu and Pro54Ser substitutions in GPA, respectively.
Periodic alternating interface positioning to lower WBC contamination of apheresis platelet concentrates: a multicenter evaluation
Authors: Zeiler T. , Zingsem J. , Moog R. , Kretschmer V. , Eckstein R. , Müller N. , Eisenbeisz F. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: A new software version of a cell separator (AS TEC 204, Fresenius) providing WBC‐reduced single‐donor plateletpheresis concentrates was tested.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Dual‐needle apheresis procedures (n = 621) were performed in three centers, using either fixed interface positioning (FIP) or periodic alternating interface positioning (PAIP). The other separation parameters (e.g., anticoagulant:whole‐blood ratio, and blood flow) were set individually. All platelet concentrates were evaluated for platelet yields and contaminating WBCs.RESULTS: The introduction of the PAIP resulted in a significant (p<0.001) reduction in contaminating WBCs (median, 30,000) from the numbers seen with FIP (median, 2,300,000) while maintaining the separation efficacy (47%) and separation time. Ninety‐eight percent of all concentrates contained less than 5 × 106 WBCs per concentrate and 92 percent contained less than 1 × 106.CONCLUSION: Plateletpheresis using the AS TEC 204 cell separator with PAIP is a valid alternative to WBC reduction by filtration. It may provide WBC‐reduced platelet concentrates without the additional cost of filters. However, the reliability of the WBC reduction is not yet advanced enough that PAIP can be employed without any monitoring of the end product.
Evaluation of pooled platelet concentrates using prestorage versus poststorage WBC reduction: impact of filtration timing
Authors: Ferrer F. , Rivera J. , Corral J. , Gonzalez‐Conejero R. , Lozano M.L. , Vicente V. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: Concern for the undesirable consequences of transfusing passenger WBCs is leading to the general use of WBC‐reduced platelet concentrates (PCs). However, the impact of prestorage versus poststorage WBC reduction on the quality of platelet products has not been clearly defined.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Pooled PCs were WBC reduced before or after 5‐day storage, by use of a WBC filter (PXL‐8, Pall Corp.). Samples from pools were taken on days 1 and 5, before and after filtration, and on Day 9 of storage and assessed for cell counts, biochemical values, expression of platelet glycoproteins, thrombin generation, and content of IL‐6, IL‐8, TNFα, transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1), and anaphylatoxins C3a and C4a.RESULTS: Filtration of fresh and 5‐day‐stored pooled PCs via a PXL‐8 filter was similarly efficient, rendering pools with low WBC counts (<1 × 106 cells) and high platelet recovery (>95%). No major changes were found in the metabolic behavior or the expression of platelet GPIb, GPIIb/IIIa, CD62, and CD63 in PCs filtered before or after storage. Filtration, either before or after storage, increased by less than 5 percent the proportion of CD62+ platelets. Moreover, no changes were found in the concentration of prothrombin fragments 1 and 2 and thrombin‐antithrombin complexes in the pooled PCs derived from the time of filtration. Finally, prestorage WBC reduction abrogated the accumulation of IL‐6 and IL‐8, but it did not prevent that of anaphylatoxins C3a and C4a nor of TGFβ1. However, filtration through a PXL‐8 filter significantly reduced (40‐90%) the amount of IL‐8, C3a, and C4a in the filtrate.CONCLUSIONS: The timing of PXL‐8 filtration of PCs has little impact on the efficiency of WBC reduction and on platelet recovery, and it does not seem to affect the quality of platelets or the generation of thrombin in the PCs. As regards the goal of reducing the amount of bioactive products in PCs, it remains uncertain as to whether prestorage WBC reduction fully eliminates the need for poststorage filtration. Prestorage filtration leads to low levels of IL‐6 and IL‐8 in PCs, but it does not impair the poststorage content of TGFβ1 or anaphyla‐toxins. By contrast, poststorage PXL‐8 filtration removes significant amounts of C3a and C4a, and thus it might provide clinical benefits beyond those of prestorage WBC reduction.
An acute hemolytic transfusion reaction due to anti‐IH in a patient with sickle cell disease
Authors: Campbell S.A. , Shirey R.S. , King K.E. , Ness P.M. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: A hemolytic transfusion reaction (HTR) due to anti‐IH is reported in a patient with sickle cell disease (SCD).CASE REPORT: An 18‐year‐old woman with SCD and a complete phenotype on file had been identified as group B‐positive with negative antibody‐screening tests and had received 1 unit of packed RBCs. Ten days later, she was readmitted in painful crisis with a Hb of 4.2 g per dL. Antibody‐screening tests and panel cells were positive at all test phases with a negative autocontrol, which suggested alloantibodies. Phenotypically matched group O RBCs were issued emergently. After the transfusion of 100 mL, the patient had an HTR with chills, fever, and tachycardia and laboratory findings of hemoglobinemia, hemoglobinuria, and negative DATs. A high‐titer, IgM anti‐IH with a high thermal amplitude (reactive with group O, but not group B RBCs at 37°C) was identified. Autologous RBCs appeared to have normal I antigen expression, but less H antigen than pooled group B RBCs. She was given group B RBCs, uneventfully, by use of a blood warmer.CONCLUSIONS: This is a rare case of anti‐IH as the cause of a HTR, as a serologic problem that may be seen in SCD, and as an autoantibody that may mimic an alloantibody. Ironically, this HTR resulted from the effort to provide phenotypically matched RBCs, which necessitated the selection of group O RBCs.
Cytokines in WBC‐reduced apheresis PCs during storage: a comparison of two WBC‐reduction methods
Authors: Wadhwa Meenu , Seghatchian M. Jerhard , Dilger Paula , Sands Dawn , Krailadisiri Pranee , Contreras Marcela , Thorpe Robin 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: Several studies have suggested that cytokine accumulation during storage of platelet concentrates (PCs) may mediate nonhemolytic febrile transfusion reactions and that a reduction in WBC numbers prevents the generation of cytokines. Despite efforts to minimize WBC contamination in apheresis PCs, high numbers of WBCs and increased cytokine levels may still occur, depending on the quality of the apheresis device employed.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: This study was undertaken to investigate whether PCs collected with WBC‐reduction devices (Spectra LRS, COBE;or MCS+ LDP, Haemonetics) were sufficiently depleted of WBCs to limit cytokine accumulation during storage. The study evaluated 1) the levels of cytokines of WBC and platelet origin in two types of apheresis PCs during storage and 2) the effects of prestorage filtration on cytokine levels in the Spectra LRS PCs.RESULTS: In the Spectra LRS PCs, low levels of IL‐6, IL‐8, and monotype chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP‐1) were detected in Day 1 PCs, and they remained consistent during the shelf life. RANTES, platelet factor 4 (PF4), β‐thromboglobulin (β‐TG), and transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1 were also detected in these PCs, and their levels increased significantly on storage. Prestorage filtration of Spectra LRS PCs did not further reduce the levels of IL‐6, IL‐8, MCP‐1, PF4, β‐TG, and TGF‐β1 in the filtered component. In the MCS+ LDP PCs, IL‐6 was detected on Day 1, and its level increased significantly on storage, whereas the levels in the Spectra PCs remained steady. IL‐8 levels were lower in MCS+ LDP PCs than in Spectra LRS PCs of the same age. MCP‐1 levels were similar in both products on Day 1 and marginally increased in stored MCS+ LDP PCs. Substantial amounts of RANTES, PF4, β‐TG, and TGF‐β1 occurred in Day 1 MCS+ LDP PCs, and, on storage, these levels rose significantly.CONCLUSION: Despite a significant reduction in levels of WBC‐derived cytokines, platelet‐derived cytokines were present in different amounts in the two products.
Transfusion to blood group A and O patients of group B RBCs that have been enzymatically converted to group O
Authors: Kruskall Margot S. , AuBuchon James P. , Anthony Kathleen Y. , Herschel Louise , Pickard Connie , Biehl Ruth , Horowitz Marilyn , Brambilla Donald J. , Popovsky Mark A. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: The transfusion of ABO‐incompatible RBCs is the leading cause of fatal transfusion reactions. Group O RBCs, lacking terminal immunodominant A and B sugars to which humans are immunized, are safe for transfusion to persons of any ABO blood group. With the use of a recombinant α‐galactosidase to remove terminal galactose from group B RBCs, the safety and efficacy of enzyme‐converted group‐B‐to‐group‐O (ECO) RBC components were studied in transfusion‐dependent patients.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Twenty‐four patients (blood groups A and O) were randomly assigned to receive transfusion(s) of either ECO or control group O RBCs. If a second transfusion was given, the other blood component was administered.RESULTS: Twenty‐one patients were given ECO RBCs; 18 also underwent control transfusions. One patient received only a small aliquot for RBC survival studies, instead of a full‐unit transfusion, because his serum was incompatible with ECO RBCs. No adverse events occurred. Both ECO and control transfusions resulted in appropriate Hb increments and comparable 51Cr‐labeled RBC survival studies. One patient developed a transient, weak‐positive DAT, without hemolysis. Two weeks after transfusion, 5 of 19 evaluable ECO RBC recipients had increases in anti‐B titers.CONCLUSION: ECO RBCs were comparable to group O cells for safety and efficacy in this study. The clinical significance of the increase in anti‐B and of occasional serologic incompatibilities with ECO RBCs is unclear. If strategies can be developed to remove A epitopes, enzymatic conversion could be used to create a universal (group O) donor blood supply.
First example of anti‐Kx in a person with the McLeod phenotype and without chronic granulomatous disease
Authors: Russo David C. , Øyen Ragnhild , Powell Vivien I. , Perry Sherry , Hitchcock Judith , Redman Colvin M. , Reid Marion E. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: Kx is lacking in the RBCs of patients with the McLeod syndrome. This condition is sometimes associated with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD). If given allogeneic RBCs, CGD patients with the McLeod phenotype may produce anti‐Kx and anti‐Km, and only phenotypically matched McLeod blood would be compatible. McLeod phenotype persons without CGD have made anti‐Km but not anti‐Kx (2 examples), and thus both McLeod and KO blood would be compatible.CASE REPORT: RBCs from a transfused patient with the McLeod phenotype but not with CGD (non‐CGD McLeod) were typed for the Kell blood group antigens, and the plasma was analyzed for the presence of antibody by agglutination. The molecular basis was determined by analyzing for XK protein on RBC membranes by Western immunoblotting, by sequencing the XK gene, and by RFLP.RESULTS: The RBCs did not react with anti‐Kx + anti‐Km and showed weakening of Kell system antigens. The patient′s plasma reacted moderately (2+) with RBCs of common Kell type and strongly (4+) with KO RBCs and RBCs of common Kell type treated with dithiothreitol, and did not react with McLeod RBCs. XK protein was absent from the RBC membranes. The XK gene had a point mutation in the donor splice site of intron 1 (G>C).CONCLUSION: This is the first report describing the molecular alteration in a non‐CGD McLeod patient who has made anti‐Kx. The immune response of people with the McLeod phenotype can vary, and KO blood may not always be compatible.
Surveillance of HIV‐1 genetic subtypesand diversity in the US blood supply
Authors: De Oliveira C. Fernando , Diaz Ricardo S. , Machado Daisy M. , Sullivan Marian T. , Finlayson Teresa , Gwinn Marta , Lackritz Eve M. , Williams Alan E. , Kessler Debra , Operskalski Eva A. , Mosley James W. , Busch Michael P. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: Recent reports of variant (non‐subtype B) HIV infections in US populations have raised concerns about the sensitivity of subtype B virus‐based donor screening and diagnostic assays. This study was designed to determine the prevalence and genetic diversity of HIV subtypes in US blood donors over the last two decades.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Three groups were studied: hemophiliacs infected by clotting factor concentrates in the early 1980s (n = 49), blood donors retrospectively identified as being seropositive in 1985 (n = 97), and blood donors identified as seropositive between 1993 and 1996 (n = 405). Subtype assignment was based primarily on heteroduplex mobility analysis (HMA) of HIV‐1 env, with DNA sequence confirmation of selected specimens. HIV peptide‐based EIA serotyping was used to rule out HIV‐2 and group O infections and to serotype HMA‐refractory specimens.RESULTS: Of 551 specimens, 535 (97%) were assigned subtypes; 532 (99%) of these were subtype B. Three postscreening donations (1%) were assigned non‐B subtypes (2 A, 1 C). Two of these three donors were born in Africa; the third was born in the United States and reported no risk factors other than heterosexual activity. HMA distribution plots showed an increase in env diversity among HIV‐1 group B strains over time.CONCLUSION: The results support the need for continued surveillance of HIV subtype diversity and ongoing validation of the sensitivity of HIV diagnostic assays to non‐B subtype infections.
Economic consequences of alterations in platelet transfusion dose: analysis of a prospective, randomized, double‐blind trial
Authors: Ackerman Stacey J. , Klumpp Thomas R. , Guzman Gladys I. , Herman Jay H. , Gaughan John P. , Bleecker Giselle C. , Mangan Kenneth F. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND : In recent years, decreasing financial resources led to the use of lower‐dose platelet components. However, the economic consequences of the use of such components have not been carefully studied.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A formal economic analysis was conducted of a recently reported, prospective, randomized, double‐blind study examining the platelet dose–response relationship in nonrefractory patients. The economic analysis used a decision analysis model, conducted from the hospital's perspective and based directly on the observed clinical data and on institutional cost structures.RESULTS : The decision analysis model estimated that a 38‐percent reduction in mean platelet dose, within the commonly prescribed dose range, would result in the average patient's requiring approximately 60 percent more transfusions in the posttransplant period (8 vs. 5; p = 0.05), which would result in an estimated 60‐percent increase in the median cost to the hospital ($4486/patient vs. $2804/patient [in 1996 US dollars], p = 0.05).CONCLUSION: Efforts to decrease costs by utilizing lower‐dose single‐donor platelet transfusions are predicted to result in a disproportionate increase in the number of transfusions per patient, with a corresponding increase in overall hospital transfusion costs.