bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Motivating long‐term employment contracts: risk management in major league baseball
Authors: Maxcy Joel 
Published: February 2004

AbstractLong‐term employment contracts have typically been modeled as mechanisms whereby workers reduce the risk of lost income with a guaranteed long‐term wage that is less than the expected spot wage. Examination of contract length among major league baseball players shows that long‐term contracts for marginal players, those for whom it would seem most logical to desire this insurance, are rarely observed. Star players, whose income levels should enable them to purchase this sort of insurance from other sources, represent the majority of long‐term contract holders. This paper presents a theoretical model showing that firms, when facing both market uncertainty and uncertainty about an employee's future productivity, have an incentive to reallocate risk with long‐term labor contracts. In such cases, a long‐term contract may be observed without a risk premium paid by the worker. The labor markets of professional sports represent this combination of market and productive uncertainty. Empirical results from major league baseball using a binary choice probit model, which corrects for sample selection bias, support the hypothesis that factors, which increase market uncertainty and reduce productive uncertainty, are consistent with the observation of long‐term contracts. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PMD and CD characterization of chirped fiber Bragg gratings employing photonic microwave technique
Authors: Yi Xiaoke , Wei Fang , Wang Yixin , Lu Chao , De Zhong Wen 
Published: February 2004

AbstractWe present and demonstrate experimentally a new method for measuring the polarization mode dispersion (PMD) of chirped fiber Bragg gratings. The technique can also be used to measure chromatic dispersion (CD) more accurately by eliminating the influence of PMD. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 41: 1–2, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20026
Analytical study on variation of temperature and absorption characteristics of single‐layer radiowave absorber by irradiation electric power
Authors: Kato Masanori , Suga Ryosuke , Hashimoto Osamu , Nakamura Takayuki , Wada Kouji 
Published: February 2004

AbstractIn this study, the relative complex permittivity of an epoxy resinous material is measured under changes in temperature. The temperature distribution of a single‐layer radiowave absorber is analyzed using the FDTD‐HTE method with measured relative complex permittivity, and then the irradiation electric power's temperature change inside the absorber is calculated. As a result, it is observed that the temperature inside the absorber increases rapidly, so that the irradiation electric power is high, and that the temperature of the absorber increases to 170°C after the irradiation during 120 min under the irradiation electric power with 1000 W/m2. It is found that the absorption characteristics of the absorber vary rapidly when they are calculated using the abovementioned analytical result. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 41: 3–5, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20027
Experimental demonstration of the origin of photonic bandgap creation and associated defect modes in microwave planar circuits
Authors: Saib A. , Platteborze R. , Huynen I. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThis paper presents an experimental demonstration of the origin of the Photonic bandgap, using a planar dielectric substrate with a 1D finite array of rectangular holes. A microstrip of uniform width placed above the array shows a periodic variation of impedance and refractive index. The measured transmission factor of the line exhibits a strong bandgap. When the width of the microstrip periodically changes in order to keep a constant impedance along the array, the bandgap in the measured transmission totally disappears. This proves that the creation of bandgap is due to the periodic variation of impedances instead of refractive indexes. The effect of the presence of defects is also illustrated. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 41: 5–9, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20028
Broadband multilayer active‐slot power divider
Authors: Hui S. C. , Ooi B. L. , Fong H. Y. , Wu B. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractA novel multilayer broadband active‐slot power divider is proposed for the first time. As compared to the conventional active multilayer power divider7, whose 3‐dB bandwidth of small‐signal gain is typically about 40%, the overall 3‐dB bandwidth of the small‐signal gain of the proposed multilayer active‐slot power divider is about 52%. Through the modification of the T‐junction, the proposed power divider is able to provide the characteristics of balance, low loss, and broad band. The proposed device can also provide the possibility of uneven power outputs under appropriate load modifications and amplifications. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 41: 10–12, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20029
A broadband CPW‐fed inductive slot antenna
Authors: Lin Xian‐Chang , Wang Ling‐Teng , Lai Cheng‐Liang , Liu Yu‐Seng 
Published: February 2004

AbstractIn this paper, a broadband coplanar waveguide (CPW)‐fed inductive slot antenna is presented. It consists of a conventional CPW inductive slot antenna and a CPW inductively coupled slot antenna in the feeding network. The experimental results provide the characteristic of excellent enhancement of impedance bandwidth (VSWR < 2). The impedance bandwidth of this broadband antenna can reach about 4.5 GHz (2.35–6.85 GHz). Details of the antenna design and experimental results are discussed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 41: 12–14, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20030
Dielectric constant characterization using a numerical method for the microstrip ring resonator
Authors: Fang Xiangyi , Linton David , Walker Chris , Collins Brian 
Published: February 2004

AbstractA new method of dielectric‐constant measurement is developed. The dielectric constant εr of RF/microwave substrate is extracted by combining the microstrip ring resonator measurement with Ansoft HFSS electromagnetic simulation software. The developed method has two advantages: (i) characterization of dielectric constant versus multiple frequency points, and (ii) compatibility with electronics design automation (EDA) software tools. This characterization method can reduce the design cycle of microwave circuits and devices. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 41: 14–17, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20031
A simple formulation for quasistatic solutions of elliptical, cylindrical and asymmetrical coplanar strip lines
Authors: Akan Volkan , Yazgan Erdem 
Published: February 2004

AbstractSimple, analytic CAD‐oriented expressions for calculating the quasistatic TEM parameters of asymmetrical coplanar strip lines (ACPS), elliptical coplanar strip lines (ECPS), and cylindrical coplanar strip lines (CCPS) using the conformal mapping method are presented. Derived expressions are accurate and very simple to use in antennas and microwave integrated circuits. Comparisons are also made between the results of this paper and ones available in the literature. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 41: 18–21, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20032
A bandwidth‐tunable FBG filter with fixed center wavelength
Authors: Dong Xinyong , Shum P. , Ngo N. Q. , Zhao Chunliu , Yang Jianliang , Chan C. C. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractA novel bandwidth‐tunable fiber Bragg grating (FBG) filter with fixed center wavelength is demonstrated. A linear tuning range of 7.8 nm (0.26–8.06 nm) for the 3‐dB bandwidth is realized in a 10‐cm‐long uniform FBG with an original 3‐dB bandwidth of 0.26 nm. Reflectivity is maintained at higher than 0.7, even as the FBG filter is tuned to the maximum bandwidth of the range. Variation of the center wavelength is less than 0.2 nm. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 41: 22–24, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20033
An efficient design method of LTCC filters with aggressive space mapping technique
Authors: Zhao Yong‐Jiu , Yin Ying‐Zeng , Wu Ke‐Li , Wang Jie 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThe aggressive space mapping (ASM) algorithm is applied to the optimization design of LTCC filters. The partial element equivalent circuit (PEEC) method is utilized as a coarse model. Low‐pass and band‐pass LTCC filters are designed with HFSS and IE3D adopted as the fine models, respectively. Conductor thickness is taken into account, since it is fairly large with respect to dielectric height. Only a few instances of fine‐model simulation are needed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 41: 24–28, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20034
Frequency up‐conversion in multimode fiber‐fed broadband wireless networks by using agile tunable laser source
Authors: Ng'oma Anthony , Tafur‐Monroy Idelfonso , Olmos Juan Jose Vegas , Koonen Ton , Khoe Gjok‐Djan 
Published: February 2004

AbstractDelivery of high‐frequency carriers to remote radio access units, which are fed by multimode fibers, is demonstrated with an agile tunable laser for the first time. The phase section of the tunable laser is modulated with a low‐frequency electrical signal resulting in an up‐conversion factor greater than 20. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 41: 28–30, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20035
Mechanically tunable, microstrip‐element waveguide filter
Authors: Tsakonas C. , Mias C. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractA mechanically tunable microwave band‐stop filter, in which tunability is achieved via a movable dielectric substrate incorporating a conductive ring element is proposed. Experimental results, which are corroborated by numerical analysis, are presented that demonstrate wide tunability within the X‐band frequency range. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 41: 30–32, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20036
A broadband folded‐slot antenna with a semi‐circular extension
Authors: Ali M. , Usaha R. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractA coplanar waveguide (CPW)‐fed broadband folded‐slot antenna is proposed. Broadband operation is achieved by designing an adjacent semicircular slot to a folded‐slot antenna. A prototype antenna was fabricated on RO4003 (εr = 3.38, substrate thickness = 1.5 mm) and measured for VSWR characteristics. The antenna can operate in the 4–6‐GHz frequency range and has a bandwidth of 42.8% within 2:1 VSWR. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 41: 32–37, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20037
Wideband T‐probe fed circular patch antenna with dipole‐like radiation patterns
Authors: Guo Yong‐Xin , Chia M. Y. W. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractExperimental and simulated results for a wideband T‐probe‐fed circular patch antenna which has dipole‐like radiation patterns are presented. With an antenna thickness of ∼0.14 times the free‐space wavelength of the center operating frequency, the proposed antenna can achieve a bandwidth of ∼32% and produce dipolelike conical radiation patterns. The measured gain is in the range of 4.0–6.0 dBi in the passband. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 41: 37–38, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20038
Broadband low‐profile cylindrical monopole antenna for 1800 MHz operation
Authors: Lai Jeng‐Wen , Tang Chia‐Luan , Fang Shyh‐Tirng , Wong Kin‐Lu 
Published: February 2004

AbstractA broadband low‐profile cylindrical monopole antenna, top‐loaded with a shorted circular patch, is presented. For 1800‐MHz operation, the antenna shows a low profile of only 11 mm, corresponding to about 6.6% of the wavelength at 1800 MHz. In addition, the antenna has a wide bandwidth (larger than 20%) covering the DCS (1710–1880 MHz) and PCS (1850–1990 MHz) bands and shows very good omnidirectional radiation. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 41: 39–40, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20039
Optical bistability in nonlinear waveguides with photonic crystals
Authors: Nóbrega K. Z. , Hernández‐Figueroa H. E. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractA new way to reduce the critical power of the bistable behavior in nonlinear optical waveguides is presented. This is achieved by embedding circular photonic crystals (PCs), satisfying the Bragg condition, along a channel waveguide. Three different schemes are analyzed: PCs in the core region only, PCs in the cladding region only, and a partial fulfillment of the core with PCs. All cases presented a decreasing of the critical or threshold power. Our numerical simulations, using the finite‐element method, show the possibility to reduce up to three times the critical power, as compared to a conventional nonlinear channel waveguide. Threshold powers as low as 30 μW can be achieved. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 41: 40–43, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20040
Edge‐based finite‐element analysis of the field patterns in V‐shaped microshield line
Authors: Lu Mai , Leonard Paul J. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractIn this paper, field patterns in V‐shaped microshield transmission line are calculated by using the edge‐based finite element method. The dependence of the field patterns upon the thickness of metallic signal strip and the dielectric constant of dielectric substrate is presented. The figures in this paper have important values in the design of microshield lines in microwave and millimeter‐wave integrated circuits. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 41: 43–47, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20041
On study of a patch antenna with shorting posts
Authors: Liu Yunlin , Wang Yong , Liao Cheng , Yang Rugui 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThe finite‐element method (FEM) is applied to analyze a thin substrate antenna with shorting posts. The resonant frequency of this kind of antenna is studied and compared with other numerical result and experimental data. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 41: 47–49, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20042
New and very simple CAD models for coplanar waveguide synthesis
Authors: Yildiz Celal , Turkmen Mustafa 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThis paper presents new, very simple, accurate closed‐form formulas obtained by using the curve‐fitting technique for coplanar waveguide synthesis. The results achieved from this work are compared to the results obtained from the quasi‐static analysis and the synthesis formulas proposed by other researchers, as well as experimental works available in the literature. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 41: 49–53, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20043
Miniaturized multilayer hairpin bandpass filter with tunable transmission zeros
Authors: Weng Min‐Hung , Huang Tsung‐Hui , Chang Jee‐Gong , Hung Cheng‐Yuan , Dai Bun‐Tong 
Published: February 2004

AbstractA miniaturized multilayer hairpin bandpass filter using tapped‐line I/O with tunable transmission zeros is designed and implemented. This structure provides additional cross‐coupling between two layers, as well as the coupling effect on the same layer. The designed filter demonstrates superior passband characteristics with a central frequency f0= 2.39 GHz, insertion loss S21= −1.45 dB and a return loss S11= −32 dB. Moreover, by combining with two layers and tapped‐line I/O structure, the filter produces two tunable transmission zeros at 2.8 GHz with −48 dB and 3.2 GHz with −43‐dB rejection that the typical elliptic function response can be easily. Experimental results of the fabricated filter measured by network analyzer agree well with the simulation results. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 41: 53–55, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20044
Spectral‐domain modeling of superconducting microstrip structures: Transmission lines and resonators
Authors: Kedar Ashutosh , Gupta K. K. , Kataria N. D. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractWe present a spectral‐domain analysis of thin superconducting microstrip structures in which the effects of superconducting materials, finite conductivity, and finite thickness are taken into account, using the concept of complex surface impedance. Numerical simulations showing variation of the propagation and attenuation characteristics of transmission lines and the quality factor of resonators with regard to temperature and frequency are presented. Some of the theoretical results are compared with the available data to document the validity of the approach. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 41: 55–59, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20045
BER analysis of a packet‐based high‐speed OTDM system employing all optical routers
Authors: Ghassemlooy Z. , Gao R. , Ball P. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractIn an optical time‐division multiplexed (OTDM) network with all‐optical routers, system performance, that is, the bit‐error rate (BER), is limited by a number of additional noise sources due to the router. In this paper, we investigate the noise contribution due to the crosstalk and relative intensity noise (RIN) within the router, and derive an expression for the BER. We also show that the power penalty is highly dependent on the router crosstalk and RIN. Power penalty of less than 1.5 dB is achievable when the crosstalk and RIN are <−20 dB and 10−3, respectively. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 41: 60–63, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20046
Optimization of substrate thickness in GaAs MMICs for high‐frequency applications: Using microstrip line
Authors: Thakur Jay Prakash , Pandey A. K. , Kedar Ashutosh , Gupta K. K. , Vyas H. P. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThis paper presents optimization of GaAs substrate thickness for GaAs‐MMIC processes at high frequencies using a multidielectric microstrip line, that is fabricated using MMIC process. The spectral‐domain technique is used for the theoretical evaluation of the characteristic parameters of the microstrip line. The theoretical analysis is validated by the corresponding study, which was conducted using the high‐frequency structure simulator (HFSS). Some of the results are also verified with the measured results. This work is useful for inhouse optimization of substrate thickness for various GaAs‐MMIC foundries. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 41: 63–66, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20047
Novel bandpass filter using tapered PBG cells
Authors: Yang Ru Yung , Weng Min Hung , Wu Hung Wei , Houng Mau‐Phon 
Published: February 2004

AbstractA novel bandpass filter using tapered PBG cells is designed and implemented. With the tapered PBG structure inserted between the top layer of two hairpin resonators with symmetric feed‐line tapping and a ground‐plane bottom layer, the passband characteristics are excited and, moreover, a transmission zero on the higher passband edge is produced. The novel bandpass filter using tapered PBG cells demonstrates the frequency characteristics with a central frequency f0 = 2.9 GHz, a 3‐dB bandwidth (FBW) of 9%, and insertion loss S21 of −2.8 dB. Good agreement between the experimental and simulation results is obtained. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 41: 66–68, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20048
Improved structure of a DRO for high output power and low phase noise
Authors: Ha Sung‐Jae , Ahn Chang‐Don , Lee Keun‐Taek , Hong Ui‐Seok 
Published: February 2004

AbstractIn this paper, a dielectric resonator oscillator (DRO) for high output power and low phase noise is proposed. Two kinds of oscillators are designed and measured in this study. The first oscillator has an improved structure for high output power and low phase noise, while the second has only the conventional structure of the oscillator with an amplifier. Measurements show the improvement of the proposed oscillator's performance, compared to that of the conventional oscillator. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 41: 68–70, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20049
Characterization and analysis of the effects of silicon‐substrate thickness on inductor performance
Authors: Xiong Yong Zhong , Khoo Ee‐Sze , Jeung Francis Y.C. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractIn this paper, the effects of the thickness of silicon substrate with backside metalization on inductor performance are investigated, and the experimental results show that thinner substrate with backside metalization results in smaller inductance, lower quality factor, and slightly higher resonant frequency. For a circular spiral inductor with substrate thickness of 50 μm, the inductance L of the 8‐turn inductor would be degraded by about 22%, compared to that with substrate thickness of 150 μm; correspondingly, the quality factor Q decreases by about 16%. The measured results also show that the inductor performance with substrate thickness of 150 μm and above does not depend upon the substrate thickness. The optimization of inductor performance involves a trade‐off between the “substrate skin effect (SSE)” and thermal conductivity. It is believed that the demonstrated results will be useful for the design and packaging of RF integrated circuits (RFICs). © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 41: 70–73, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20050
Switchable dual‐wavelength erbium‐doped fiber‐ring lasers using a fiber Bragg grating in high‐birefringence fiber
Authors: Zhao Chun‐Liu , Yang Xiufeng , Ng Jun Hong , Dong Xinyong , Guo Xin , Wang Xiaoyan , Zhou Xiaoqun , Lu Chao 
Published: February 2004

AbstractA simple switchable dual‐wavelength Er‐doped fiber‐ring laser using a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) written in high‐birefringence (HiBi) fibers is proposed. Due to the two‐peak reflections with orthogonal polarizations of the FBG, the polarization hole‐burning effect in the cavity is greatly enhanced. Experimental results show that a stable dual‐wavelength laser with very close wavelength separation (0.39 nm) can be generated at room temperature. Furthermore, the FBG in the HiBi fiber offers flexibility for selection of the laser wavelength. By adjusting a polarization controller, the laser can be switched between the stable single‐ or dual‐wavelength lasing operations. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 41: 73–75, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20051