bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DNA index and S‐phase fraction in curative resection of colorectal adenocarcinoma: Analysis of prognosis and current trends
Authors: Chen Han‐Shiang , Sheen‐Chen Shyr‐Ming , Lu Chen‐Chang 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe DNA index (DI) and S‐phase fraction (SPF) have been said to be independent factors in colorectal adenocarcinoma and have a different distribution from the clinicohistologic parameters. This study assesses the real efficacy of DI and SPF for curative resection of colorectal adenocarcinomas with respect to the prognosis and the clinicohistologic parameters. From July 1991 to October 1994 a total of 666 patients underwent curative resection of colorectal adenocarcinoma and DNA flow cytometry in Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Medical Center Hospital, Taiwan. We defined diploid tumors as having a DI of τ; 0.9 but<1.1 and a nondiploid tumor as having a DI of <0.9 or >1.1. A high SPF was defined as being more than the median value for the total SPF. Altogether, 495 cases (74.32%) had a 5‐year cancer‐free survival. Tumor stage, DI, tumor location, and tumor morphology were associated with significant cancer‐free survival in the univariate analysis (p=0.0295,<0.001, 0.0357, and<0.001, respectively). After all factors were entered into the multivariate analysis, the independent factors for cancer‐free survival were found to be stage, tumor location, and morphology (p<0.001, 0.012, and 0.044, respectively). In cases distinguished by the DI, diploid tumors had significantly more frequent right colon locations (p<0.001). After cases were separated by the SPF (median value 18.4%), better histology (well differentiated adenocarcinoma) was noted with a low SPF (p=0.017). No other clinicohistologic parameters had significant differences shown by the DI or SPF. Thus DI and SPF failed to appear as independent factors for 5‐year cancer‐free survival. The independent factors for curative colorectal adenocarcinoma were tumor stage, location, and morphology. Diploid tumors were located at the right colon more often, and low SPF indicated better histology in the univariate analysis.
The connection between random sequences, everyday coincidences, and belief in the paranormal
Authors: Bressan Paola 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis paper argues against the theory that people interpret unusual coincidences as paranormal because they misunderstand the probability of their occurring by chance. In the two studies reported here, 214 subjects were given a questionnaire on the frequency of coincidences in their lives, a series of probabilistic problems, and a scale assessing their belief in the paranormal. Believers reported more coincidences than disbelievers. Believers made more errors than disbelievers in tasks reflecting sensitivity to the relationship between expected distribution of chance events and total number of occurrences; and avoided repetitions of identical alternatives in a random sequence to a greater extent. However, the last two effects completely disappeared in a subsample of university students. It is proposed that a more frequent experience of coincidences, on the one hand, and a more biased representation of randomness, on the other, are independent consequences of a stronger propensity of believers in the paranormal to connect separate events. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vividness of visual imagery and source memory for audio and text
Authors: Eberman Carolin , McKelvie Stuart J. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractTwo groups of high and low vivid imagers heard an audiotape of a crime, read an account of it with both correct and new information, then took recognition and source memory tests. While listening and reading, both groups were told to attend carefully, but one was also instructed to form visual images of the scene. Recognition memory accuracy was greater for material from the text only than from the audio only, whereas source memory accuracy was greater for audio than for text. For source memory of text, high imagers performed more poorly than low imagers under imagery instructions. These results replicate previous work and extend it from an initial film source to an audio source. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Teaching students to recognize structural similarities between statistics word problems
Authors: Quilici Jill L. , Mayer Richard E. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAn important skill in mathematical problem solving is recognizing that the problem one is working on (target problem) can be solved using the same method as a problem one already knows (source problem). In a preliminary study, college students displayed a higher level of structural awareness (i.e. sorting word problems on the basis of structural features) at the end rather than the beginning of their first statistics course. In the main study, we taught college students to sort statistics word problems on the basis of structural features (i.e. whether the problem could be solved by t‐test, correlation, or chi‐square statistics) rather than surface features (i.e. the problem's cover story). These results support a structural awareness theory in which students learn to form problem schemas by abstracting the underlying structural features of a problem statement and organizing them into a generalized problem model. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A robust adaptive pole‐placement controller without strictly positive real condition
Authors: Xie Xuejun , Zhang Siying 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis paper considers the adaptive pole‐placement control problem for system (1) with unmodelled dynamics ηn dominated by a small constant ε multiplied by a quantity independent of ε but tending to infinity as the past input, output, and noise grow. Using bounded external excitation and randomly varying truncation techniques, we give a design method of adaptive pole‐placement controller. It is shown that the closed‐loop system is globally stable, the estimation error for the parameter contained in the modelled part is of order ε, and the closed‐loop system under the adaptive pole‐placement control law is suboptimal in the sense of
$$\mathop{\lim\sup}\limits_{{n\to\infty }}{1\over n}\mathop{\sum}\limits_{i=0}^n{\left({A^{*}(z)y_{n}‐L(z)C(z)w_{n}‐B(z)R(z)y_{n}^{*}}\right)^{2}{\leq}O({\varepsilon}^{2})+\gamma^{2}\mathop{\sum}\limits_{j=1}^q{b_{j}^{2}}}$$\nopagenumbers\end
while the SPR condition used usually in other papers is replaced by a stability condition. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Platelet satellitism, spurious neutropenia, and cutaneous vasculitis: Casual or causal association?
Authors: Lazo‐Langner Alejandro , Piedras Josefa , Romero‐Lagarza Penélope , Lome‐Maldonado Carmen , Sánchez‐Guerrero Jorge , López‐Karpovitch Xavier 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAbout 90 cases of platelet satellitism (PS) have been published, most of them involving neutrophils, a few comprising monocytes, and one case involving basophils. The case of a 30‐year‐old female patient with cutaneous vasculitis who developed asymptomatic severe neutropenia is reported. All blood smears (BS) prepared from peripheral blood samples collected with either ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, trisodium citrate, and heparin showed PS involving neutrophils, eosinophils, and monocytes. Immunohistochemistry analysis of her skin biopsy and BS, employing peroxidase stain for the detection of antibodies directed against IgG, IgA, IgM, and C3, revealed an intense positive reaction only for IgG in the endothelium and leukocyte clumps within the microvasculature, as well as in peripheral blood neutrophils displaying the PS phenomenon. Transfer of the PS phenomenon was demonstrated by incubating the patient's plasma with leukocytes from an ABO‐compatible healthy donor. In our patient, PS did not disappear after incubation at 37°C, suggesting that this might be a different or “atypical” PS phenomenon probably mediated by an autoimmune process involving an IgG‐class antibody responsible for both conditions, PS, and cutaneous vasculitis. Am. J. Hematol. 70:246–249, 2002.© 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Midsagittal facial soft‐tissue growth of French Canadian adolescents
Authors: Smith Shelley L. , Buschang Peter H. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis study examines changes in 12 midline soft‐tissue thicknesses from the forehead, nose, lip, and chin regions in girls and boys from 10 to 16 years of age. The soft‐tissue changes are compared to changes in two hard‐tissue distances (sella–nasion and nasion–menton). The subjects are from a mixed‐longitudinal sample studied at the Montreal Human Growth Research Center in the 1960s and 1970s. Total sample size is 242 (from lateral cephalographs of 124 males and 118 females), with numbers varying by age and measurement. For hard‐tissues, boys show clearly defined adolescent spurts, while girls display small velocity increases indicative of only very minor spurts. Forehead tissue thicknesses for both sexes change little and show no demonstrable growth spurts. For the nose and philtrum region, which have the greatest absolute soft‐tissue growth changes, both boys and girls show adolescent spurts. Peak velocities are attained between 13 and 14 years in boys and between 11.9 and 12.5 years in girls. Boys appear to have small adolescent spurts for upper (13.7 years) and perhaps lower lip thicknesses. Neither sex displays clear evidence for adolescent spurts in the chin region. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 14:457–467, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lung function of Han Chinese born and raised near sea level and at high altitude in Western China
Authors: Weitz Charles A. , Garruto Ralph M. , Chin Chen‐Ting , Liu Ji‐Chuan , Liu Rui‐Ling , He Xing 
Published: October 2002

AbstractForced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume at 1 second (FEV1), and FEV1/FVC ratios were determined for 531 individuals of Han Chinese descent living at low altitude (250 m) near Beijing and for 592 individuals of Han descent who were born and raised at three high altitudes (3,200 m, 3,800 m, 4,300 m) in Qinghai Province, P.R.C. The study included males and females, ages 6–51 years. Thorax widths, depths, and circumferences of Han females and males born and raised at high altitude are similar to those of low‐altitude Han. On the other hand, high‐altitude children and adolescents have larger relative sitting heights, indicating greater thorax lengths. After adjusting for this variation in morphology, mean FVC values among 6–21 year‐old Han at high altitude are only between 136 mL (for females) and 173 ml (for males) greater than those determined at low altitude but the differences are statistically significant and are maintained consistently throughout the growth period. These data indicate that growth at high altitude produces small‐to‐moderate increases in lung volumes (about 6%) relative to genetically similar groups growing up at low altitude. In addition, there is no evidence that lung volume growth is accelerated relative to morphological growth among Han children born and raised at high altitude. Adults, 22–51 years, also show greater FVC values at high altitude but the size of the increase relative to Han at low altitude is variable (3% in males and 11% in females). Greater lung function at high altitude is unlikely to result from increased activity or lower pollution, and thus appears to be primarily a result of development in a hypoxic environment. Differences in FVC and FEV1 at 3,200 m, 3,800 m, and 4,300 m are generally not significant, so that living at altitudes between 3,200 m and 4,300 m appears to have little additional effect on volumetric growth. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 14:494–510, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An alternate characterization of hazard in occupational epidemiology: Years of life lost per years worked
Authors: Park Robert M. , Bailer A. John , Stayner Leslie T. , Halperin William , Gilbert Stephen J. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBackgroundStandardized mortality ratios (SMRs) and other measures of relative risk by themselves may not suffice as descriptors of occupational hazards for many audiences including decision‐makers and those at direct risk from hazardous work. To explore other approaches, we calculated excess years of potential life lost and excess lifetime risk for both lung diseases and fatal injuries in a cohort of uranium miners with historical records of exposure to radon gas.MethodsWe used relatively simple life table (SMR) methods and also analyzed lung cancer mortality with Poisson regression methods permitting control for smoking.ResultsAmong uranium miners hired after 1950, whose all‐cause SMR was 1.5, 28 percent would experience premature death from lung diseases or injury in a lifetime of uranium mining. On average, each miner lost 1.5 yr of potential life due to mining‐related lung cancer, or almost 3 months of life for each year employed in uranium mining. As a consequence of all excess lung disease and injury risks combined, a year of mining was associated with 5.9 months loss of potential life. For each year actually working underground, miners lost more than 8 months of potential life. When controlled for smoking (and healthy worker effect) with Poisson regression, the estimates for radon‐related lung cancer effects were slightly larger. Although chronic disease deaths dominated in excess years of life lost (due to radon, silica and possibly other exposures), more years were lost on average per individual injury death (38 yr), than per excess lung cancer (20 yr) or other lung disease death (18 yr). Fatal‐injury dominated the potential years of life lost up to about age 40.ConclusionsYears of life lost per years employed provides another, more intuitive summary of occupational mortality risk. Am. J. Ind. Med. 42:1–10, 2002. Published 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Population‐based study of non‐infectious rhinitis in relation to occupational exposure, age, sex, and smoking
Authors: Hellgren Johan , Lillienberg Linnea , Jarlstedt Jan , Karlsson Göran , Torén Kjell 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBackgroundMany types of occupational exposure are associated with the risk of non‐infectious rhinitis. We investigate the risk factors for this association.MethodsA random population of 2,044 subjects (aged 21–51) answered a questionnaire that was comprised of detailed questions on occupational exposure, nasal complaints, and smoking. NIR was defined as the sensation of nasal blockage and/or attacks of sneezing without having a cold. The incidence rates for NIR among exposed and unexposed were calculated. In the different exposed groups, only NIR with onset after the start of exposure was regarded as exposed. If a subject reported NIR before the relevant exposure started, he/she was excluded from that analysis. Relative risks (RR) were calculated as incidence rate ratios. Odds ratios controlling for smoking, age, and atopy were also calculated.ResultsThe incidence rate for NIR was 13.5/1,000 person‐years. Males exposed to fire fumes (RR 2.5, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.5–4.1), women exposed to paper dust (RR 2.0, 95% CI 1.5–2.9), and male cleaners (RR 3.1, 95% CI 1.9–5.1) displayed an increased risk of developing NIR. Smoking was associated with an increased risk of NIR for both sexes.ConclusionExposure to several occupational irritants is associated with a higher risk of developing NIR. Am. J. Ind. Med. 42:23–28, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Process studies in genetic counseling: Peering into the black box
Authors: Biesecker Barbara B. , Peters Kathryn F. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractGenetic counseling is a dynamic psychoeducational process. Yet we know very little about its interior. Process research explores what transpires between providers and their clients and can serve to provide insight into unknown practice dimensions. The few process studies that have been conducted in genetic counseling provide a glimpse into the Black Box, but more of this type of research is needed to examine the contents. To achieve success with process studies a contemporary definition of genetic counseling is proposed. Thoughtfully designed process studies in genetic counseling will provide the data to refine the definition and identify the components of counseling, the communication process between provider and client, the therapeutic interventions used by counselors, and the needs, attitudes and expectations of clients. Overall, process studies will contribute to a more accurate understanding of the practice of genetic counseling. Published 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Categorizing genetic tests to identify their ethical, legal, and social implications
Authors: Burke Wylie , Pinsky Linda E. , Press Nancy A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractPractice standards in medical genetics provide an implicit guide to the ethical, legal, and social implications (ELSI) of genetic tests. The common use of nondirective counseling reflects the principle that many testing decisions should be determined by personal values. Yet geneticists make test recommendations in some circumstances, e.g., RET mutation testing for MEN2 and newborn screening for phenylketonuria (PKU). Conversely, many geneticists recommend against testing for Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) alleles to predict Alzheimer disease (AD) risk. Taken together, these examples suggest that genetic tests can be categorized by a joint consideration of clinical validity and availability of effective treatment for persons who test positive. For genetic tests with high clinical validity/no treatment (e.g., presymptomatic testing for Huntington disease), the predominant concern is adequate nondirective counseling to ensure an informed, autonomous decision. By contrast, the predominant concern for tests with high clinical validity/effective treatment (e.g., PKU) is assuring access to care for eligible persons. For tests with limited clinical validity/no treatment (e.g., ApoE), recommending against test use can be justified on the principle of avoiding harm. For a fourth category, tests with limited clinical validity/effective treatment (e.g., HFE mutation testing for hereditary hemochromatosis), net benefit is the issue: the balance between potential benefits of treatment and potential harms of genetic labeling must be weighed. Where uncertainty exists concerning both clinical validity and effectiveness of treatment, as in the case of BRCA1/2 mutation testing, the value of testing may vary according to different testing contexts. This approach to test categorization allows a rapid determination of the predominant ELSI concerns for different kinds of genetic tests and identifies the data most urgently needed for test evaluation. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Paternal UPD14 is responsible for a distinctive malformation complex
Authors: Kurosawa Kenji , Sasaki Hiroyuki , Sato Yoshiaki , Yamanaka Michiko , Shimizu Mitsumasa , Ito Yuji , Okuyama Torayuki , Matsuo Mari , Imaizumi Kiyoshi , Kuroki Yoshikazu , Nishimura Gen 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe present a boy and two girls with paternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 14q (patUPD14). One girl had a Robertsonian translocation, whereas two a normal karyotype. Based on the manifestations of these patients and four previously reported patients who all had translocated chromosome 14, The patUPD14 was thought to constitute a distinctive syndrome. The hallmarks included abdominal muscular defects, skeletal anomalies, and characteristic facies. The phenotype of patUPD14 was consistent with that of a previously reported mouse model, i.e., mouse embryos with paternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 12 that has a region orthologous to that of human chromosome 14. Dose effects of newly recognized imprinted genes on human chromosome 14q32, DLK1 and GTL2, could play an important role in the pathogenic mechanism of the distinctive malformation complex. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Complete SHOX deficiency causes Langer mesomelic dysplasia
Authors: Zinn Andrew R. , Wei Fanglin , Zhang Ling , Elder Frederick F. , Scott Charles I. , Marttila Pia , Ross Judith L. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe SHOX (short‐stature homeobox‐containing) gene encodes isoforms of a homeodomain transcription factor important in human limb development. SHOX haploinsufficiency has been implicated in three human growth disorders: Turner syndrome, idiopathic short stature, and Leri‐Weill dyschondrosteosis. Langer mesomelic dysplasia is thought to be the homozygous form of dyschondrosteosis. However, complete SHOX deficiency has not been demonstrated for any postnatal patient with the classic Langer phenotype. We studied four adults and one child with Langer mesomelic dysplasia. SHOX abnormalities were detected in all five probands. One was a homozygote or hemizygote and two were compound heterozygotes. The homozygous or hemizygous mutation was in exon 6a, implying that the SHOXa isoform is essential for normal skeletal development. These findings confirm clinical inferences that Langer mesomelic dysplasia is the homozygous form of Leri‐Weill dyschondrosteosis and add to our understanding of genotype/phenotype relationships in SHOX deficiency disorders. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prevalence of the fragile X syndrome in African‐Americans
Authors: Crawford Dana C. , Meadows Kellen L. , Newman James L. , Taft Lisa F. , Scott Elizabeth , Leslie Mary , Shubek Lisa , Holmgreen Patricia , Yeargin‐Allsopp Marshalyn , Boyle Coleen , Sherman Stephanie L. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractSince the development of a molecular diagnosis for the fragile X syndrome in the early 1990s, several population‐based studies in Caucasians of mostly northern European descent have established that the prevalence is probably between one in 6,000 to one in 4,000 males in the general population. Reports of increased or decreased prevalence of the fragile X syndrome exist for a few other world populations; however, many of these are small and not population‐based. We present here the final results of a 4‐year study in the metropolitan area of Atlanta, Georgia, establishing the prevalence of the fragile X syndrome and the frequency of CGG repeat variants in a large Caucasian and African‐American population. Results demonstrate that one‐quarter to one‐third of the children identified with the fragile X syndrome attending Atlanta public schools are not diagnosed before the age of 10 years. Also, a revised prevalence for the syndrome revealed a higher point estimate for African‐American males (1/2,545; 95% CI: 1/5,208–1/1,289) than reported previously, although confidence intervals include the prevalence estimated for Caucasians from this (1/3,717; 95% CI: 1/7,692–1/1,869) and other studies. Further population‐based studies in diverse populations are necessary to explore the possibility that the prevalence of the fragile X syndrome differs among world populations. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.