bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insight into the antibacterial activity and mechanism of allicin and antioxidant of bamboo leaves against Shewanella putrefaciens
Authors: Lan Weiqing , Shao Zhe , Du Jintao , Chen Xuening , Xie Jing 
Published: November 2023

SummaryThe antibacterial activity and mechanism of allicin (All) and antioxidant of bamboo leaves (AOB) against Shewanella putrefaciens was studied. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and growth curve were used to evaluate the antibacterial activity of combining All and AOB against S. putrefaciens. The inactivation mechanism was reflected by the changes in Na+/K+‐ATPase activity, confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and the leakage of nucleic acid and protein. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the morphology of bacterial cells and crystal violet biofilm reflected the ability to inhibit the formation of biofilm. Results showed that after being treated by All and AOB, S. putrefaciens was effectively inactivated, and the combined treatment had the strongest inactivation effect. The cell wall and cell membrane were destroyed by All and AOB, resulting in the release of cell contents. The results of Na+/K+‐ATPase activity demonstrated that the membrane permeability could be changed, and the cell structural proteins could be destroyed by All and AOB. SEM observation further proved the effects of All and AOB on bacterial morphology destructing. Therefore, the combination of All and AOB can be used as an efficient method for the preservation of aquatic products.
Nocardia species distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility within Australia
Authors: O'Brien Aine , Hart Julie , Higgins Ammie , Arthur Ian , Lee Gar‐Hing , Leung Michael , Kennedy Karina , Bradbury Susan , Foster Sarah , Warren Sanchia , Korman Tony M. , Abbott Iain J. , Heney Claire , Bletchley Cheryl , Warner Morgyn , Wells Nicholas , Wilson Desley , Varadhan Hemalatha , Stevens Robert , Lahra Monica , Newton Peter , Maley Michael , van Hal Sebastian , Ingram Paul R 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundNocardia is a ubiquitous saprophyte capable of causing human disease. Disease is primarily respiratory or cutaneous, usually acquired via inhalation or inoculation. Under the influence of environmental and host factors, Nocardia incidence and species distribution demonstrate geographical variation.AimsTo examine for differences in Nocardia incidence within Western Australia (WA) and analyse species distribution in the context of prior published studies. To analyse antibiogram data from a nationwide passive antimicrobial resistance surveillance program.MethodsRetrospective extraction of laboratory data for Western Australian Nocardia isolates over a 21‐year period. Analysis of Nocardia antimicrobial susceptibility testing data submitted to the Australian Passive Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance (APAS) program between 2005 and 2022.ResultsNine hundred sixty WA isolates were identified, giving an annual incidence of 3.03 per 100 000 population with apparent latitudinal variation. The four most common species identified within WA and amongst APAS isolates were N. nova, N. cyriacigeorgica, N. brasiliensis and N. farcinica. APAS data demonstrated that all species exhibited high rates of susceptibility to linezolid (100%) and trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole (98%). Amikacin (>90% susceptibility for all species except N. transvalensis) was the next most active parenteral agent, superior to both carbapenems and third‐generation cephalosporins. Susceptibility to oral antimicrobials (other than linezolid) demonstrated significant interspecies variation.ConclusionsWe demonstrate geographical variation in the distribution of Nocardia incidence. Four species predominate in the Australian setting, and nationwide data confirm a high in vitro susceptibility to trimethoprim‐sulphamethoxazole and linezolid, justifying their ongoing role as part of first‐line empiric therapy.
Telemedicine in specialist outpatient care during COVID‐19: a qualitative study
Authors: Sengupta Agnivo , Pettigrew Simone , Jenkins Christine R. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundCOVID‐19 accelerated healthcare changes, introducing various telehealth services. Work is needed to determine the suitability of telemedicine in the post‐pandemic era.AimsTo explore perceptions and experiences of telemedicine among patients and providers (clinicians and health administrators) who were involved in telemedicine appointments in hospital outpatient clinics in 2020–2022.Design, setting and participantsQualitative study: semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 37 participants (16 patients and 21 providers) in various hospital specialist outpatient clinics in a New South Wales local health district.ResultsPatients were generally satisfied with telemedicine consultations, especially during COVID restrictions, because of the convenience of accessing care from home and minimising the risk of COVID exposure. However, patients considered that the inability to receive a physical examination was a significant disadvantage of telemedicine. Providers had ambivalent perceptions and expressed concerns about mis‐ and under‐diagnoses because of the inability to conduct physical examinations. They considered telemedicine suitable for review appointments but noted an associated increased workload and stressed the need for sustainable funding models (Medicare items). Both patients and providers recognised the need for education/training and better integration of telemedicine platforms into existing infrastructure to facilitate an optimal hybrid model of care.ConclusionDespite expressing some concerns over its limitations, patients valued telemedicine for its convenience and for meeting their needs during the pandemic. While acknowledging that patients experienced some benefits from telemedicine, clinicians expressed concerns about potential missed diagnoses, uncertain clinical outcomes and lack of administrative and technological infrastructure. The ultimate test of telemedicine will be its impact on clinical outcomes versus longstanding models of in‐person care.
Ultrasound in paediatric surgery: A meta‐analysis review of its influence on postoperative wound healing and infection rates
Authors: Peng Yinghui , Liu Qianjun , Tang Ju , Zhou Mengjie , Liu LingPing , Liu Jinqiao 
Published: November 2023

AbstractUltrasound (US) has traditionally been recognised for its imaging capabilities, but its emerging role as a therapeutic modality in postoperative wound management, especially in paediatric care, has garnered significant attention. This meta‐analysis aimed to evaluate the influence of US on postoperative wound healing and infection rates in paediatric patients. From an initial pool of 1236 articles, seven were deemed suitable for inclusion. Postoperative wound healing was assessed using the Redness, Edema, Ecchymosis, Discharge, and Approximation (REEDA) scale. Notably, there was a significant difference in wound healing patterns between the US‐treated and control groups (I2 = 94%, standardized mean difference [SMD]: −4.60, 95% confidence intervals [CIs]: −6.32 to −2.88, p < 0.01), as illustrated in Figure 4. Additionally, a marked difference in wound infection rates was observed between the groups (I2 = 93%, SMD: −5.86, 95% CIs: −9.04 to −2.68, p < 0.01), as portrayed in Figure 5. The findings underscore the potential benefits of US in enhancing postoperative wound healing and reducing infection rates in paediatric surgical settings. However, the application of US should be judicious, considering the nuances of individual patient needs and clinical contexts.
A Psychological Autopsy of an Indian Adolescent Suicide with Implications for Community Services
Authors: Blanchard Joseph D. , Blanchard Evelyn L. , Roll Samuel 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACTThis psychological autopsy of the suicidal death of an adolescent Indian boy includes a brief family background, a history of his difficulties, and a report of his psychological evaluation. There is an attempt to understand the societal and familial factors that seem to have predisposed him to commit suicide. The report includes an analysis of the resources currently available in Indian communities and a recommendation for the kinds of resources that might prevent suicide in this setting.
Banality Reinvestigated: A Computer‐Based Content Analysis of Suicidal and Forced Death Documents*
Authors: Henken Valerie J. 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACTSuicide and simulated notes and forced‐death documents were processed on the Harvard III Psycho‐Sociological Dictionary. For each text, frequencies of related words were generated; these were contrasted with each other and with baseline data using z scores. The results indicated that the suicidal groups were more “deviant.” Other findings are concreteness and constriction of focus for suicides—a pattern suggesting denial just prior to the deed. The forced‐death group seemed to be more meaningfully in contact with life and aware of responsibility. The simulated group appeared to be fabricating a popular stereotype rather than exhibiting empathy. Implications were discussed.
High‐refraction index glasses with ultra‐high Young's modulus and high hardness fabricated by containerless processing
Authors: Ma Kaicheng , Yu Jianding , Li Qin , He Huan , Ni Jinqi , Fang Jinghong , Xiong Yifei , Yuan Qiang , Zhang Qian , Li Tongtong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHigh‐refractive index glasses with ultra‐high Young's modulus and superior hardness have significant application in optical lenses. Research indicates that high‐entropy glasses, enriched with high dissociation energy and high‐field strength components, enhance the mechanical properties of glass. In this study, we tailored high‐entropy glasses to achieve superior optical and mechanical attributes by optimizing heavy metal oxide components and adjusting the Al2O3 content. The resultant 10RE2O3‐10Gd2O3‐32Al2O3‐36Ta2O5‐12ZrO2 (RE = La, Tm, Lu) glass demonstrates a refractive index of 2.028, a Young's modulus of 186.2 GPa, and a Vickers hardness of 9.18 GPa. The glass was colorless and widely transparent, in the visible‐to‐infrared region from 312.5 to 6674 nm, and the maximum transmittance reach up to 79.3%. These results indicate that the 10RE2O3‐10Gd2O3‐32Al2O3‐36Ta2O5‐12ZrO2 glass would be useful for camera and detector lenses.
Novel microwave dielectric ceramics based on CaO–MoO3–La2O3 pseudo‐ternary phase diagram and the design of patch antenna
Authors: Bao Jian , Du Wei , Wu Haitao , Yue Zhenxing 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this study, two novel microwave dielectric ceramics were designed and synthesized using the solid‐state reaction method based on the CaO–MoO3–La2O3 pseudo‐ternary phase diagram. The X‐ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and Rietveld refinement results indicate that pure phase microwave dielectric ceramics (CaLa2(MoO4)4 and Ca3MoO6) can be produced with CaO, MoO3, La2O3 ratios of 1, 1, 4, and 3, 1, 0, respectively. CaLa2(MoO4)4 shows the potential value for application in Low Temperature Co‐fired Ceramic technology. In addition, the Phillips–van Vechten–Levine theory, infrared reflectance spectrum, and THz time‐domain spectrum are used further to study the structure‐property relationship of the two ceramics. Finally, a 5G patch antenna used in Sub‐6 GHz communication technology was successfully designed and manufactured. The study of the relationship between chemical bonds and dielectric properties of the two ceramics, along with the development of the patch antenna, establishes a foundation for scientific research and practical applications in related ceramic systems.
Accelerated carbonation of hardened cement paste: Quantification of calcium carbonate via ATR infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Kalkreuth Jonas , Ullrich Angela , Garbev Krassimir , Merz Daniela , Stemmermann Peter , Stapf Dieter 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn context of carbon capture and storage in cement and concrete industry, there is a strong demand for fast, reliable, and low‐cost CO2 quantification methods. Attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy (ATR‐IR) in conjunction with multivariate calibration via partial‐least‐squares regression was applied to quantify CaCO3 in carbonated hardened Portland cement pastes, as this method shows great potential in the field of process control. Thermogravimetric analysis coupled with infrared spectrometry for the detection of the evolving gases was used as a reference for quantification. Three methods for the quantitative analysis with different partial‐least‐squares parameters were developed on a series of ground physical mixtures of slightly carbonated and highly carbonated hydrated cement pastes that had absorbed up to 77% of the theoretical capacity for CO2. Additional samples for optimization and validation of the method were prepared by accelerated carbonation of cylindrical slices of hardened cement paste as a function of exposure time. In these experiments, the major CO2 uptake occurs in the first 60 min until the formation of CaCO3 layers limits the diffusion of CO2 and Ca2+ ions. The developed partial‐least‐squares models provided low estimation errors of max. 1.5 wt% and high correlation coefficients above 99.5%. The validation covers a concentration range of 20–48 wt% of CaCO3. Limitations of the method are discussed.
When stereotypes disadvantage boys: Strength of stereotypes in mathematics and language arts and their relations with grades
Authors: Chaffee Kathryn E. , Plante Isabelle , Good Catherine , Aronson Joshua M. , Kinch Simon‐Benoît , Gauvin Isabelle 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThere is growing concern about boys' lagging performance in school, not only in language arts, where the gap is particularly pronounced, but also in mathematics. Stereotypes associating one gender with language arts or with mathematics are likely to contribute to these gaps. Such stereotypes can translate into explicit beliefs such as the extent to which students are aware of societal stereotypes or the extent to which they personally believe stereotypes to be true, but also indirectly into performance following a stereotype threat manipulation. However, few studies have considered these multiple stereotype expressions in both mathematics and language arts to examine their importance in predicting boys' and girls' actual grades in school. To fill this gap, two complementary studies examined high school boys' and girls' awareness and endorsement of stereotypes about both language arts (n = 299) and mathematics (n = 243), as well as whether stereotype threat impaired boys' performance on a spelling test. Although the effect of stereotype threat was not significant overall, our results showed that students were aware of and endorsed strong stereotypes advantaging girls in language arts. In mathematics, students endorsed counter‐traditional stereotypes slightly advantaging girls. Our results also showed that these multiple expressions of stereotypes related to students' grades. In doing so, our work provides insights regarding possible targets for interventions to reduce gender gaps disadvantaging boys in school.
Complement C3 as a potential drug target in periodontitis: Evidence from the cis‐Mendelian randomization approach
Authors: Alayash Zoheir , Baumeister Sebastian‐Edgar , Holtfreter Birte , Kocher Thomas , Baurecht Hansjörg , Ehmke Benjamin , Nolde Michael , Reckelkamm Stefan Lars 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAimEvidence from a Phase IIa trial showed that a complement C3‐targeted drug reduced gingival inflammation in patients with gingivitis. Using drug‐target Mendelian randomization (MR), we investigated whether genetically proxied C3 inhibition alters the risk of periodontitis.Materials and MethodsWe used multiple ‘cis’ instruments from the vicinity of the encoding loci of C3. Instrument selection was restricted to the drug target encoding loci (chromosome 19; 6,677,715–6,730,573 (GRCh37/hg19)). We selected three uncorrelated single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (rs141552034, rs145406915, rs11569479) that were associated with serum C3 levels (p value <1 × 10−4) from a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) of 5368 European descent individuals. We extracted association statistics from a GWAS of 17,353 clinical periodontitis cases and 28,210 European controls. Wald ratios were combined using inverse‐variance weighted meta‐analysis to estimate the odds ratio (OR) of the genetically proxied inhibition of C3 in relation to periodontitis.ResultsMR analysis revealed that the inhibition of C3 reduces the odds of periodontitis (OR 0.91 per 1 standard deviation reduction in C3; 95% confidence interval 0.87–0.96, p value = .0003).ConclusionsFindings from our MR analysis suggest a potential protective effect of C3 blockade against periodontitis.
Anaeramoeba pumila sp. nov. and Anaeramoeba sp. OCE22C represent two novel types of symbiosis of Anaeramoebae and prokaryotes
Authors: Pavlátová Magdaléna , Hanousková Pavla , Čepička Ivan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAnaeramoebae is a recently described phylum of anaerobic, marine amoebae, and amoeboflagellates belonging to the Metamonada supergroup. So far, six species have been described based on light microscopic morphology and sequences of the SSU rRNA gene. Here we present three new strains of Anaeramoeba with a description of their morphology, ultrastructure, and phylogenetic position based on the analysis of SSU rRNA gene sequences. Two of the strains represent a new species, Anaeramoeba pumila sp. nov., that has the smallest cells of all known Anaeramoeba species, and one that represents a species from the newly recognized Anaeramoeba flamelloides complex. Anaeramoebae are known to have a syntrophic relationship with prokaryotes. Our strains display two novel, remarkable types of symbioses, previously unknown from Anaeramoebae.
A review of conservation status of freshwater fish diversity in China
Authors: Cao Liang , Shao Wei‐Han , Yi Wen‐Jing , Zhang E 
Published: November 2023

AbstractChina harbors a high species diversity of freshwater fishes not shared with any of its neighboring nations. Freshwater fish diversity in the country has been under severe threat from human activities over the past decades, thus conservation freshwater fishes and ecosystems is urgently needed. To accumulate baseline data for guiding protection actions, the third red list assessment of Chinese freshwater fishes was carried out. Among Chinese freshwater fishes assessed, there are 355 at‐risk species (22.3% of the total), including 69 ranked as Critically Endangered, 97 as Endangered, and 189 as Vulnerable. Two species are classified as Extinct and one as Regionally Extinct. China's threat level seems to be lower than the known average level found in the IUCN's global assessment of freshwater fishes, but this is an artifact of a high rate of species classified as Data Deficient. Conservation of freshwater fishes is presently facing a grim situation in China. Imperilment of Chinese freshwater fishes is primarily attributed to habitat loss and degradation arising from human perturbations, particularly river damming. Despite the adoption of protected areas setting up, captive breeding and release, and a fishing moratorium, conservation efforts for freshwater fishes are compromised by disproportional attention in China's biodiversity conservation, baseline data deficiency, insufficiently designed protection networks, and inefficient or inadequate implementation of conservation strategies. To achieve the objectives of Chinese freshwater fish conservation, it is proposed to conduct a national‐scale survey of fish diversity and reassess their at‐risk status, develop systematic conservation planning of freshwater fish diversity and ecosystems, prioritize strategies for protected areas development, perform genetic‐based captive breeding for releasing in concert with other protection actions, and implement flexible fishing moratorium strategies in different water bodies.
The risk and predictors of gallbladder cancer in patients with gallbladder polyps: A retrospective cohort study with an insight into confounding by indication
Authors: Hajibandeh Shahab , Ashar Sana , Parry Craig , Ellis‐Owen Rwth , Kumar Nagappan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackground and AimWe aimed to determine the risk and predictors of gallbladder cancer in all individuals with gallbladder polyps (GP) including those who did not have cholecystectomy.MethodsThe STROCSS guideline was followed to conduct a retrospective cohort study. All individuals with GP between 2010 and 2019 were followed up to determine the risk and predictors of gallbladder cancer. The primary outcomes were gallbladder cancer and gallbladder dysplasia, and the secondary outcomes included polyp growth rate and polyp disappearance rate. Binary logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis were conducted to evaluate the outcomes.ResultsAnalysis of 438 patients showed risk of gallbladder cancer was 0.7% in all polyps (0% in polyps < 10 mm; 5.9% in polyps ≥ 10 mm). The risk of gallbladder dysplasia or cancer was 1.1% in all polyps (0% in polyps < 10 mm; 10% in polyps ≥ 10 mm). The polyp size (P = 0.0001) was predictor of cancer; however, patient's age (P = 0.1085), number of polyps (P = 0.9983), symptomatic polyps (P = 0.3267), and change in size (P = 0.9012) were not. Size of 21 mm was cut‐off for risk of cancer (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.995, P < 0.001) and 11.8 mm for risk of dysplasia or cancer (AUC: 0.986, P < 0.001). The mean polyp growth rate was 0.3 mm/year and polyp disappearance rate was 16%.ConclusionsThe GP size remains the only predictor of malignant changes regardless of patient's age, patient's symptoms and number of polyps. The polyp growth rate is unremarkable, and a significant proportion disappears during follow‐up. We changed our follow‐up protocol with reduced number of scans and early discharge policy.
Transforming health care: A large health organizations' journey to become an age‐friendly health system (AFHS) and beyond
Authors: Carney Maria Torroella , Kwiatek Susan , Burns Edith A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn 2017, the John A. Hartford Foundation partnered with the Institute for Health Care Improvement, American Hospital Association, and Catholic Health Care Organization to define the 4Ms framework to improve quality of care and health outcomes for older adults. The senior leadership of one of the largest integrated healthcare organizations (HCO) in the country recognized the relevance of these recommendations to the aging demographic of the United States. The health system provides care to over 2,000,000 unique patients annually, about 20% of whom are aged ≥65. We describe how commitment to becoming an Age‐Friendly Health System (AFHS) has taken this HCO beyond the targets set by the initiative.MethodsSteps guiding evolution of the AFHS model of care are as follows: Initiation, assessment, planning, implementation, sustainability. An AFHS leadership team including geriatrics and quality improvement expertise oversees the initiative. Plan‐Do‐Study‐Act cycles are utilized at multiple stages to develop structures for data collection and reporting outcomes.ResultsInitiation and assessment stages identified key champions and existing efforts and programs that were leveraged to implement 4Ms best practices. Working committees with relevant expertise for each M selected evidence‐based quality measures and designed/adapted training materials. The EHR is used to integrate quality measures and gather outcome data to inform changes in care. Dashboards capturing quality measures for each M have been implemented and pilot‐tested at a community‐based hospital and these processes are being adapted and disseminated to other settings. Leadership and stakeholders convene regularly to review lessons learned and next steps.ConclusionsOn the health system level, partnering with quality management leaders has led to development of processes that feed into organizational level data used to track longitudinal improvements in patient outcomes. Outcome data in each of the 4M domains are presented. Learning points are shared to help others take a systems‐approach to age‐friendly change.