bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
External Validation and Updating of Published Models for Predicting 7-day Risk of Symptomatic Intracranial Hemorrhage after Receiving Alteplase for Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Chawalitpongpun Phaweesa , Sonthisombat Paveena , Piriyachananusorn Napacha , Manoyana Natthakarn 
Published: February 2024

Background:
Prediction scores for symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) in acute ischemic stroke patients receiving thrombolytic therapy have been widely developed, but the external validation of these scores, especially in the Thai population, is lacking. This study aims to externally validate existing models and update the selected model to enhance its performance in our specific context.

Methods:
This cohort study retrospectively collected data from medical records between 2013 and 2022. Acute ischemic stroke patients who received thrombolysis were included. All predictors were gathered at admission. External validation was performed on eight published prediction models; in addition, the observed and expected probabilities of sICH were compared. The most effective model for discrimination was then chosen for further updating using multivariable logistic regression and was bootstrapped for internal validation. Finally, a points-based system for clinical practice was developed from the optimism-corrected model.

Results:
Fifty patients (10% of the 502 included cohort members) experienced sICH after undergoing thrombolysis. The SICH score outperformed the other seven models in terms of discrimination (area under the receiver operating characteristic [AuROC] curve = 0.74 [95% confidence interval {CI} 0.67 to 0.81]), but it still overstated risk (expected-to-observed outcomes [E/O] ratio = 1.7). Once updated, the optimism-corrected revised SICH model showed somewhat better calibration (E/O = 1 and calibration-in-the-large = 0), slightly worse underprediction in the moderate-to-high risk group (calibration slope = 1.152), and marginally better discrimination (AuROC = 0.78). The points-based system also demonstrated substantial agreement (88.1%) with the risk groups predicted by the logistic regression model (kappa statistic = 0.78).

Conclusion:
Since the SICH score outperformed seven models in terms of discrimination, it was then modified to the Revised-SICH score, which predicted that patients with at least 5.5 points were at high risk of having sICH.
Microtransplantation, an option to explore in hematological malignancies: A review article
Authors: Assiri Ali M 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell transplant remains a valuable option for a variety of hematological malignancies, but it has its limitations given the patient’s old age, availability of donors, and the risk of morbidity and mortality associated with the procedure like graft-versus-host disease. Microtransplantation (MT) is nonengrafting allogeneic cellular therapy performed by infusing human leukocyte antigen-mismatched allogeneic peripheral blood CD34+ stem cells mobilized with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor after chemotherapy or targeted therapy. A state of transient microchimerism without engraftment will exist postinfusion, and the patient will benefit from graft-versus-tumor effect without being at high risk for graft-versus-host disease. A total of 600 patients with a diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia, Philadelphia positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, Hodgkin, and non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas were included in the 11 articles in this review. The results show improved overall survival and progression-free survival, which suggest MT as a valid option to be investigated further in prospective controlled studies. The improved outcomes could be explained by combined recipient-versus-tumor and graft-versus-tumor effects as the patient immune system is preserved, natural killer cells anti-leukemic effect within MT infusion and the effects of regulatory T cells. The major toxicity is myelosuppression, while nonhematologic toxicities are rare.
Impact of XRCC3 rs861539 and XPD rs13181 gene polymorphisms on childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia in Egyptian patients
Authors: Wilson Manal M , Yacoub Maha F , Abdelhameed Asmaa M , Amr Heba M , Elsalam Ahmed Mustafa Abd , Abou Elalla Amany A 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
There is mounting evidence that the genotypes of DNA repair proteins and susceptibility to certain malignancies are related. Few studies, however, have examined the role of the homologous repair gene X-ray repair cross-complementing group 3 (XRCC3) genotype and xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group D (XPD) in the development or prognosis of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL).

Aim of the study
In this study, we investigated the impact of XRCC3 rs861539 and XPD rs13181 polymorphisms on the risk of ALL. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of XRCC3 and XPD polymorphisms in ALL Egyptian patients.

Methods
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) was used to analyse XRCC3 rs861539 and XPD rs13181 gene polymorphisms in 96 patients with ALL and in 103 disease-free controls, who were of a similar age.

Results
ALL risk is lower in individuals with the homozygous variant TT genotype at XRCC3 rs861539. The heterozygous variant CT genotype of XRCC3 was connected to increased disease risk of ALL in males. Additionally, C allele frequency was noticeably higher than T allele frequency in pre B ALL. In this investigation, there was no correlation between the XPD Lys751 rs13181 polymorphism and risk of ALL.

Conclusion
Our research reveals that genetic variation in the genes for DNA repair may influence ALL susceptibility.
Open neural tube defects in neonates: Mode of presentation, challenges, and lessons learnt
Authors: Sharma Nitin , Sharma Shipra , Sharma Mini 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background:
Management of open neural tube defects is challenging and the outcome is demanding.

Aims:
The aim of this study was to analyze the outcomes in open neural tube defects.

Material and Methods:
The data between June 2017 and December 2022 were analyzed. Those with incomplete data, not giving consent, or lost to follow-up were excluded. All underwent closure using primary closure, Z plasty, or rhomboid flap. Dura closure was achieved with native dura augmented with thoracolumbar fascia. The outcome was analyzed with respect to the duration of surgery, blood loss, requirement of Z plasty/rhomboid flaps for closure, wound infection, flap blackening, CSF leak, and features of sepsis.

Result:
In total, 164 of 243 cases formed the study group. The mean age at presentation was 4 days (range 0–28 days). The mean duration of surgery after presentation was 2 days (range 1–3 days). Mean operating time was 1.15 hours (range 0.45–3.15 h). Hydrocephalous was present in 146 cases and all required VP shunt. Lower limb paraplegia and spasticity were present in 63 and 23 cases. Skin closure was achieved by primary closure in 23, double Z plasty in 76, and rhomboid flap in 65 cases. Wound infection and blackening of flap were seen in 13 and 1 case in double Z pasty and 6 and 7 cases in the rhomboid flap group, respectively (P = 0.7). CSF leak was seen in 8 cases. Wound dehiscence and sepsis were seen in 10 and 28 cases, respectively.

Conclusion:
Management of open neural tube defects requires adequate planning. CSF shunting and flap/Z plasty is often required.
High-voltage electrocution myelopathy: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Porey Camelia , Jaiswal Binaya Kumar 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
High-voltage electrocution-induced neurological complications are often associated with dire consequences. The low-resistance neural pathway provides an easy gateway for the current propagation and subsequent injuries. We present a case of electrocution-induced high-cervical myelopathy resulting in quadriparesis with sensorimotor and autonomic involvement with a slow recovery course along with the subsequent imaging and electrophysiological finding suggestive of long-term degeneration of the central corticospinal tracts. On review of prior works of literature, few similar cases are seen with varied postulations of the pathophysiology of the injury. More frequent reporting of such cases, which often go undetected, should be done to increase awareness.
Evaluation of fracture resistance of maxillary premolars of different geometrical cavities restored with different composite resins incorporated with chitosan nanoparticles
Authors: Halkai Rahul , Gopinagaruri Snigdhapriya , Halkai Kiran R. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background:
Composites with 0.2% chitosan nanoparticles (CSN) are used recently; however, this combination needs to be studied in different cavity designs.

Aims:
The aim of the study was to compare the fracture resistance of maxillary premolars with different cavity geometries restored with different types of composite resins incorporated with 0.2% CSN.

Methods:
About 130 extracted human single-rooted maxillary premolars were embedded in acrylic molds 2 mm below cementoenamel junction, divided into five groups for cavity preparations of standardized dimensions. Group 1: (control) intact teeth (n = 10), Group 2: Class I cavities (n = 40), Group 3: Class II mesio-occlusal (MO) (n = 40), Group 4: Class II mesio-occluso-distal (MOD) (n = 40). Groups 2, 3, and 4 were subdivided into four subgroups for composite restoration; A: Neo spectra ST-Universal (NST); B: Tetric N-Ceram Bulk-fill (TNC); C: NST + CSN; and D: TNC + CSN and tested for fracture resistance using universal testing machine.

Statistical Analysis:
One-way analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey’s tests were used for data analysis (P ≤ 0.05).

Results:
In all groups, the highest fracture resistance was found in MOD cavities, followed by MO and least in Class I cavities. Subgroup D (TNC with CSN) showed the highest fracture resistance in all groups (P ≤ 0.05).

Conclusion:
Tetric N-Ceramic bulk fill with 0.25% CSN showed high fracture resistance in cavities with different geometries.
Identifying and validating the components for the development of an information system for health grey literature in Iran: A mixed method approach
Authors: Mirzaei Abbas , Panahi Sirous , Langarizadeh Mostafa , Sedghi Shahram 
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:
Considering the importance and necessity of establishing a nationwide information system for health grey literature in Iran, this study aimed to identify the main dimensions and components needed for developing a health grey literature information system in Iran and validate them according to experts’ opinions.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A mixed-method approach with an exploratory sequential design was used in this study. The research was done in following main steps: (1) conducting a systematic literature review to identify the potential components of the health grey literature information system suggested in the literature, (2) Interviewing 19 experts to explore further components required for designing the health grey literature system for Iran and doing a thematic analysis for analyzing the interviews, and (3) validating the identified components by a Delphi panel in two rounds for finalizing the initially-approved dimensions and components. Descriptive statistical analysis was also used for analyzing the Delphi panel’s data.

RESULTS:
Eight dimensions were identified as necessary for developing Iran’s health grey literature information system (including 31 components and 111 elements). The main dimensions included goals, data sources, minimum data set, data collection techniques, data content management procedures, quality control approaches, stakeholders, and management and policy-making.

CONCLUSION:
Using the identified and validated functional components in this study can be helpful In designing a health grey literature system that is of value for health policymakers and medical researchers as well as health information users.
The evaluation of the effectiveness of a health promotion training on breast cancer survivors
Authors: Çol Bahar Kefeli , Tufan Gülnihal , Kiliç Dilek 
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:
Increased early diagnosis and improved treatment options have decreased the mortality rate of breast cancer and increased the survival rate. Healthy lifestyle behaviors are very important in breast cancer survivors as they reduce mortality and morbidity rates, cancer recurrence frequency, and side effects of treatment and improve health. This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of a health promotion training intervention in breast cancer survival.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The study is a quasi-experimental, pre-test–post-test and single-group study. It was conducted with 43 women breast cancer survivors. The “Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors Scale II” was used to collect the data. Four sessions of training were given to the women once a week, and a 3-month post-training follow-up was performed. The t-test, Wilcoxon analysis, and Spearmen correlation analysis were used to evaluate the data.

RESULTS:
Pre-training and post-training scores in the sub-dimensions and total scores of the healthy lifestyle behavior scale showed that the training was highly effective. There was a significant increase in all sub-dimensions and total scale post-training scores (P < 0.05). In the correlation analysis, a negative correlation was found between age and physical activity, between elapsed time after diagnosis and nutrition, and between elapsed time after diagnosis and spiritual development (P < 0,05). However, there was a positive correlation between educational status and nutrition (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS:
The results show that a health promotion training program covering physical activity/exercise, healthy nutrition, effective communication, coping with stress, and increasing health responsibility had positive effects on healthy lifestyle behaviors in this population, and age, educational status, and elapsed time after diagnosis influence healthy lifestyle behaviors in survival.
Impact of diabetes mellitus and other systemic diseases on oral health and tooth mortality
Authors: Pavani Nijampatnam P. M. , Pachava Srinivas , Sultana Sk. Parveen , Ravoori Srinivas , Rajasekhar Potluri , Talluri Devaki 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Poor oral health in systemically diseased individuals besides worsening the glycaemic status also has functional, social consequences such as masticatory inefficiency and stigmatized social participation, respectively. Periodontal problems remain one of the most common reasons for tooth mortality along with tooth decay and trauma.

Methodology:
The study was conducted in the outpatient department of teaching dental institution among the individuals visiting the institution. Persons with systemic illness were included in the study. In the preliminary step, interviews were conducted among the study participants regarding health status followed by an oral health examination. The oral health examination included recording of community periodontal index and dentition status. Data were collected and statistical analyses were performed. Chi-square test, one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc tests were used to analyze the data.

Results:
Patients with diabetes showed the highest (3.56 ± 2.98) number of missing teeth, followed by other systemic diseases (2.78 ± 2.74), and the patients who were not having any systemic diseases (1.81 ± 1.54). This distinction was found to be statistically significant (P = 0.001), and Bonferroni post-hoc shows statistical significance (P < 0.05) in group-wise comparisons. The number of teeth last due to caries among diabetics was higher (20.8%) when compared to nondiabetic (12.2%), and the most tooth loss due to periodontitis was also observed within the patients with diabetes (21%) when compared to patients with other systemic diseases (12%), which is statistically significant (P = 0.001).

Conclusion:
The current study revealed tooth loss is more common in the patients who have systemic diseases when compared to the patients who do not have any systemic diseases, while dental caries and periodontal problems are the principle causes of tooth mortality.
The impact of Covid-19 in Chhattisgarh, India: A descriptive study
Authors: Agrawal Sanjana , Galhotra Abhiruchi , Gahwai Dharmendra , Dayama Sonal 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
India is among the most severely affected countries in the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic, second to the USA. Until July 2022, there were 43 million confirmed Covid-19 cases, with 0.53 million Covid-19 deaths in India. Chhattisgarh, the twelfth-highest affected state by Covid-19 disease, has had an enormous mortality toll, with 14,046 deaths by 15th July 2022. This study is a descriptive analysis of the Covid-19 deaths across Chhattisgarh from September 2021 to February 2022 (the third pandemic wave).

Materials and Methods:
All Covid-19 deaths that occurred between September 2021 to February 2022 were line-listed, and family members of all who died in the hospital were interviewed.

Results:
356 Covid-19 deaths were included in the present study. The top three districts which observed maximum deaths (63.48%) were Raipur (27.53%), Durg (15.45%), and Bilaspur (7.87%). Around 50% of the deceased were of age 65 years or above. The male deaths were twice as compared to the female deaths. The RT-PCR was the most used testing method, followed by RAT. Most of the admissions (58%) were in a government facility. Among the deceased, 60% had one or two associated comorbidities. Hypertension and Diabetes were the most common comorbidity identified. Almost 90% of patients were symptomatic. Breathlessness was the most common symptom. Half of the deceased were not vaccinated. The median expenditure on Covid-19 management was ₹ 50,000 (€ 565.13).

Conclusion:
The deaths in the study were urban-centric. Higher Covid-19 mortality was observed in unvaccinated older men (≥65 years) with one or more comorbidity.
Adverse events following immunization of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine among healthcare workers of a medicine-teaching institution of North India
Authors: Jha Abhinav , Kumar Pankaj , Goel Shelesh K. , Bharatwal Apoorv A. , Dhamnetiya Deepak , Singh Saurabh , Jha Ravi P. 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTObjective:This study sought to assess the prevalence of adverse events following immunization (AEFI) and factors associated with AEFI of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (Covishield) among healthcare workers (HCW) of a medicine-teaching institution of North India.Materials and Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted in the months of June and July 2021 among HCW (N= 203) of 18 years and above, vaccinated with at least the first dose of Covishield. A semi-structured, prevalidated, and pretested questionnaire was used to collect information through an interview schedule. The questionnaire was divided into five sections: the sociodemographic profile, behavioral characteristics, past medical history, COVID-19 awareness, and past infection and COVID-19 vaccine related information. Chi-squared test was applied to check the association of different factors with AEFI.Results:In our study, 73.89% of participants suffered from at least one AEFI after the first dose of the vaccine, while 48.66% had at least one AEFI after the second dose. Females reported significantly high AEFI for both doses (P= 0.001, 0.000). We found a significant association between the occurrence of AEFI and occupation (first doseP= 0.015), substance abuse (first doseP= 0.002), diet (first doseP= 0.016), and allergy (first doseP= 0.027). Other significant findings were headaches among HCW ≥40 years of age (doseP= 0.034) and systemic AEFI in participants with comorbidity (first doseP= 0.020).Conclusion:More AEFI were reported after the first dose as compared to the second dose. AEFI were more among females after both the doses. Occupation, substance use, diet, and history of allergy were significantly associated with AEFI.
Effectiveness of nutritional awareness in child diet among mothers of under five in anganwadi in Mysuru: A quasi-experimental study
Authors: Hegde Saurish , Kulkarni Praveen , Gohri Jay , Chaurasia Mayuri , Pragadesh R. , Siddiqua Aisha , Shreyaswini K. , Sahana KS 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Children are the most important assets to any country; their physical, mental, and emotional developments are crucial for future as they become citizens. Mothers’ knowledge on nutrition for kids plays a vital role in the health of the children. Regular interventions as counseling or discussions with the mothers will be an effective tool to counter under nutrition, malnutrition, and also micronutrient deficiencies. Our objective was to assess the effectiveness of nutritional awareness in child diet among the mothers of under five in anganwadis in Mysuru with pre- and post-awareness.

Materials and Methods:
It is a quasi-experimental study for a duration of 3 months. The sample size was 35, with convenient sampling, and the data were collected using a semi-structured, validated questionnaire from mothers whose children are enrolled in anganwadis. The data were analyzed using mean, Chi-square/Fischer test using SPSS version 22.

Results:
The mean score before and after awareness was 6.26 ± 0.701, and the post score was 6.83 ± 0.618. There was a significant association between birth order of the child enrolled and the post-awareness grades. There was also a statistical significance between mean scores of pre- and post-awareness.

Conclusion:
We can conclude from the above study that regular and objectified communication with the mothers is an effective strategy for the improvement of their awareness regarding child nutrition.
Comparative analysis of CBNAAT (GeneXpert) and Ziehl–Nielsen staining test as diagnostic modalities of tuberculosis
Authors: Yadav Priyanka , Mahour Priyanka , Agarwal Aditi , Garg Amit 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
As centuries and millennia passed, tuberculosis remains the major health threat for millions of people. Due to this resurgence of tuberculosis, scientists around the globe have intensified their research efforts to curb down the transmission of this disease and that is the reason which led to the development of new and efficient diagnostic tools, one such being the rapid cartridge-based nucleic acid amplification test which can give the real-time results and that too in a short period of time. These diagnostic tools which are based on the latest technologies help in paving the way to eliminate tuberculosis by early detection method and further prevent the transmission.

Aim:
In this study, we did a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of CBNAAT technique in the early detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis over the conventional method of Ziehl–Nielsen microscopy as diagnostic modalities.

Materials and Methods:
Comparative analysis of CBNAAT (GeneXpert) and Ziehl–Nielsen staining test was done as diagnostic modalities using standard protocols.

Results:
Out of total 300 samples, 153 were female, 146 were male, while one was transgender. For all these samples, the positivity rates were 48% for the CBNAAT technique and 21.3% for ZN staining method, respectively. For extrapulmonary samples, positivity rates were 49.1% and 11.86% for CBNAAT and ZN microscopy, respectively, while the same for pulmonary samples was 47.7% and 23.6%, respectively.

Conclusions:
ZN microscopy and CBNAAT are both initial tests for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, but the introduction of CBNAAT is a boon for peripheral sites. The higher positivity rate of CBNAAT over ZN staining is the icing on the cake with the ability to detect even those cases that could be missed by the latter.