bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neural structure fields with application to crystal structure autoencoders
Authors: Chiba Naoya , Suzuki Yuta , Taniai Tatsunori , Igarashi Ryo , Ushiku Yoshitaka , Saito Kotaro , Ono Kanta 
Published: December 2023

AbstractRepresenting crystal structures of materials to facilitate determining them via neural networks is crucial for enabling machine-learning applications involving crystal structure estimation. Among these applications, the inverse design of materials can contribute to explore materials with desired properties without relying on luck or serendipity. Here, we propose neural structure fields (NeSF) as an accurate and practical approach for representing crystal structures using neural networks. Inspired by the concepts of vector fields in physics and implicit neural representations in computer vision, the proposed NeSF considers a crystal structure as a continuous field rather than as a discrete set of atoms. Unlike existing grid-based discretized spatial representations, the NeSF overcomes the tradeoff between spatial resolution and computational complexity and can represent any crystal structure. We propose an autoencoder of crystal structures that can recover various crystal structures, such as those of perovskite structure materials and cuprate superconductors. Extensive quantitative results demonstrate the superior performance of the NeSF compared with the existing grid-based approach.
A lingering legacy of leaded gasoline in Southeast Asia
Authors: Ray Iravati , Das Reshmi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractRecent reports of 1 in 3 children globally having blood lead levels ≥ 5microgram decilitre−1 demands thorough understanding of lead (Pb) sources of the present century and the fate of legacy Pb from the past use of leaded gasoline. The present hotspot of pollution is South and Southeast Asia. To investigate this issue, here we compile Pb isotopic compositions of aerosols (n = 341) along with established and previously excluded sources for Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam, and India. The data was subjected to Bayesian 3D isotope mixing model simulation. Model estimates reveal consistent contributions from natural background. Leaded gasoline is the largest contributor in Southeast Asia (39%). Tertiary coal/fuelwood combustion and ore processing dominate in India, while ship emission contribute up to 15%. Thus, along with Pb from present sources, the historic use of leaded gasoline left a legacy of Pb in soil which is remobilised to the atmosphere after more than two decades of its phase-out.
Gas buffering of magma chamber contraction during persistent explosive activity at Mt. Etna volcano
Authors: Carbone Daniele , Cannavò Flavio , Montagna Chiara Paola , Greco Filippo 
Published: December 2023

AbstractA sequence of more than 20 short-lasting explosive eruptions took place at Mt. Etna volcano, during a 2-month period in 2021. Here we perform a joint analysis of the gravity decrease and ground deflation that accompanied the sequence of eruptions. Results from this joint analysis are cross-checked against the output of a numerical code providing independent geochemical insight on how the density of the magmatic liquid/gas mixture in the source reservoir varies as a function of the pressure. This cross-analysis provides a framework to explain why (i) the bulk volume reduction sensed by the ground deformation data is much lower than the volume of the erupted products and (ii) the observed gravity changes point to a strong mass decrease, incompatible with a pure mechanism of magma withdrawal. We conclude that pressure-driven gas exsolution and expansion compensated the withdrawal of magma, thus buffering the contraction of the source reservoir and leading to the inferred mass decrease.
Searching for low-mass companions at small separations in transition disks with aperture masking interferometry
Authors: Stolker T. , Kammerer J. , Benisty M. , Blakely D. , Johnstone D. , Sitko M. L. , Berger J. P. , Sanchez-Bermudez J. , Garufi A. , Lacour S. , Cantalloube F. , Chauvin G. 
Published: December 2023

Context. Transition disks have large central cavities that have been resolved by imaging surveys during recent years. Cavities and other substructures in circumstellar disks are often interpreted as signposts to massive companions. Detecting companions at small angular separations is challenging with coronagraphic imaging observations.
Aims. We aim to search for stellar and substellar companions in the central regions of transition disks. Such companions could be responsible for the large dust-depleted cavities. We want to determine if these disks might be circumbinary in their nature, similar to the HD 142527 system.
Methods. We observed four systems, HD 100453, HD 100546, HD 135344 B, and PDS 70, with the sparse aperture masking mode of VLT/SPHERE, also leveraging the star-hopping method with the adaptive optics system. We extracted the complex visibilities and bispectra from the H2 and H3 imaging data. A binary model was fit to the closure phases to search for companions and estimate detection limits. For validation, we also analyzed four archival datasets of HD 142527 and inferred the orbital elements and atmospheric parameters of its low-mass stellar companion.
Results. We have not detected any significant point sources in the four observed systems. With a contrast sensitivity of ≈0.004, we can rule out stellar companions down to ≈2 au and partially explore the substellar regime at separations ≳3–5 au. The analysis of HD 142527 B revealed that its projected orbit is aligned with dust features in the extended inner disk and that the mutual inclination with the outer disk is close to coplanar for one of the two solutions. Atmospheric modeling confirms the low-gravity and slightly reddened spectral appearance (Teff ≈ 3300 K, log 𝑔 ≈ 3.7, and AV ≈ 0.7). The inferred and derived bulk parameters (log L*/L0 ≈ −0.65, M* ≈ 0.4 M⊙, and R* ≈ 1.46 R⊙) are in agreement with dynamical constraints and evolutionary tracks.
Conclusions. In contrast to HD 142527, we find no evidence that a close-in stellar companion is responsible for the resolved disk features of HD 100453, HD 100546, HD 135344 B, and PDS 70. Instead of a dynamical effect by a stellar companion, the formation of giant planets or even low-mass brown dwarfs could be shaping the innermost environment (≲20 au) of these circumstellar disks, as is the case with the planetary system of PDS 70.
Abundances of iron-peak elements in accreted and in situ born Galactic halo stars
Authors: Nissen P. E. , Amarsi A. M. , Skúladóttir Á. , Schuster W. J. 
Published: December 2023

Context. Studies of the element abundances and kinematics of stars belonging to the Galactic halo have revealed the existence of two distinct populations: accreted stars with a low [α/Fe] ratio and in situ born stars with a higher ratio.
Aims. Previous work on the abundances of C, O, Na, Mg, Si, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, and Zn in high-α and low-α halo stars is extended to include the abundances of Sc, V, and Co, enabling us to study the nucleosynthesis of all iron-peak elements along with the lighter elements.
Methods. The Sc, V, and Co abundances were determined from a 1D MARCS model-atmosphere analysis of equivalent widths of atomic lines in high signal-to-noise, high resolution spectra assuming local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE). In addition, new 3D and/or non-LTE calculations were used to correct the 1D LTE abundances for several elements including consistent 3D non-LTE calculations for Mg.
Results. The two populations of accreted and in situ born stars are well separated in diagrams showing [Sc/Fe], [V/Fe], and [Co/Fe] as a function of [Fe/H]. The [X/Mg] versus [Mg/H] trends for high-α and low-α stars were used to determine the yields of core-collapse and Type Ia supernovae. The largest Type Ia contribution occurs for Cr, Mn, and Fe, whereas Cu is a pure core-collapse element. Sc, Ti, V, Co, Ni, and Zn represent intermediate cases. A comparison with yields calculated for supernova models shows poor agreement for the core-collapse yields. The Ia yields suggest that sub-Chandrasekhar-mass Type Ia supernovae provide a dominant contribution to the chemical evolution of the host galaxies of the low-α stars. A substructure in the abundances and kinematics of the low-α stars suggests that they arise from at least two different satellite accretion events, Gaia-Sausage-Enceladus and Thamnos.
Kognitive Dysfunktion im Rahmen einer Krebserkrankung und ihrer Behandlung
Authors: Rostock Matthias , Krause Alena 
Published: December 2023

SummaryDie kognitive Dysfunktion hat sich heute zu einer der am häufigsten auftretenden und die Krebspatient*innen oft langfristig am meisten beeinträchtigenden Begleiterscheinungen ihrer Erkrankung entwickelt. Mit den im Rahmen der konventionellen Therapie zur Verfügung stehenden Maßnahmen, insbesondere kognitivem Training, Psychoedukation und körperlicher Aktivität, ergibt sich für viele Patient*innen keine ausreichend zufriedenstellende Besserung. Vor diesem Hintergrund und weil ein großer Anteil der Patient*innen grundsätzlich eine integrative Behandlung ihrer Beschwerden wünscht, werden sehr häufig auch komplementärmedizinische Therapieansätze erfragt.In dieser Zusammenstellung soll ein Überblick über bereits in ersten klinischen Studien wissenschaftlich untersuchte Therapieverfahren, aber auch über vielversprechende weitere Therapieansätze gegeben werden.
Traditionelle Chinesische Medizin in der Onkologie: wissenschaftliche Evidenz und Leitlinien
Authors: Schröder Sven , Böhme Gerd 
Published: December 2023

SummaryDie Traditionelle Chinesische Medizin (TCM) hat in den letzten Jahrzehnten weltweit Aufmerksamkeit auf sich gezogen, auch in der Onkologie. Hier werden zum Beispiel Akupunktur und Akupressur eingesetzt, um Beschwerden wie Übelkeit oder Fatigue zu lindern. Auch chinesische Arzneimittel werden zur Linderung von Nebenwirkungen angewandt, die etwa im Rahmen einer Chemotherapie auftreten. Dieser Artikel bietet eine Übersicht, welche Therapien der TCM in der Onkologie bereits leitliniengestützt zum Einsatz kommen und für welche Therapien noch wissenschaftliche Belege erarbeitet werden müssen.
The Big Data Gap: Asymmetric Information in the Ophthalmology Residency Match Process and the Argument for Transparent Residency Data
Authors: Breton Stephen Adam Le , Desai Shilpa 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background The ophthalmology match is an important step for graduating medical students that defines their future career. Residency programs demonstrate significant variability due to differences in size, location, research output, subspecialty exposure, surgical case load, and alumni fellowship/practice placement. Despite the importance of informed decision-making, applicants often find limited, inconsistent information about potential programs.
Purpose The purpose of this study was to characterize and identify gaps in the information available to residents in the 2022 to 2023 Match.
Methods The SFMatch Web site was reviewed to identify programs included as well as characteristics cited on each program's webpage. Program webpages were used to evaluate availability and consistency of data on site surgical caseload, fellowship slots, and teaching staff.
Results Of the 121 programs included on SFMatch, 23 (19%) provided no data on August 15, 2022 (15 days prior to application submission deadline) and 9 (7%) lacked program data on October 15, 2022. Though most programs provided mean cataract volume, data on volume of other procedures for graduating residents was highly variable and occasionally misleading. Programs did not provide information on several academic and social considerations that may influence match ranking choice.
Conclusion Applicants often must read “between the lines” to identify residency program strengths and weaknesses. Data crucial to informing the application process remain sparse, unavailable, or spread across resources. Limited data increases applicant dependence on word-of-mouth knowledge to inform decision-making. This might reduce diversity by limiting successful applicants to those with existing connections within the field.
Use of serious games with older adults: systematic literature review
Authors: Gutiérrez-Pérez Bárbara-Mariana , Martín-García Antonio-Víctor , Murciano-Hueso Alicia , de Oliveira Cardoso Ana-Paula 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to qualitatively synthesise literature on empirical research into video games and older adults. A total of 108 studies were analysed, with the participation of 15,902 individuals aged over 60. The framework of Search, Appraisal, Synthesis, and Analysis (SALSA) was used, with screening by three independent reviewers and phrase searching and combining search terms. The results indicate a majority of studies with a quantitative approach conducted in the European context in which a total of 125 scales were identified for the assessment of different geriatric aspects related to domains for the improvement of physical health and functional quality, improvement of cognitive, psychological and mental health, and improvement of physical and cognitive functions from a combined approach.
Communicating environmental data through art: the role of emotion and memory in evoking environmental action
Authors: Kaufmann Dorsey B. , Palawat Kunal , Sandhaus Shana , Buxner Sanlyn , McMahon Ellen , Ramírez-Andreotta Mónica D. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractInnovative approaches to environmental communication are needed to transcend existing scientific knowledge, challenge individual value-action gaps, and engage more people in science. Within a co-created community science project, a case-control study was conducted to determine whether data visualization type could impact participant scientific learning, emotional response, behavioral outcomes, and environmental action. Two novel data sharing types were designed to communicate roof-harvested rainwater data to environmental justice communities: (1) A static booklet and (2) An interactive environmental art installation called Ripple Effect paired with a booklet. Our results indicate that environmental art can not only communicate complex scientific data effectively, but can also overcome barriers associated with traditional science communication by affecting people’s emotion and memory—which increases the likelihood of changing their behavior or taking new action in their environment. These results are consistent with the environmental psychology literature; however, we have successfully captured the role of memory and long-lasting impacts of environmental art on pro-environmental health behavior. This research further paves the way for others to create innovative environmental communication formats to communicate environmental health.
Reputation incentive model of open innovation of scientific and technological-based SMEs considering fairness preference
Authors: Zhang Xiaonan , Li Honglei 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe participation of external scientific research teams is an important support for the success of open innovation of scientific and technological-based small and medium enterprise (SMEs). The incentive mechanism should not only focus on traditional influencing factors but also on the scientific research innovation team’s internal characteristics and external environment. Considering the fairness preference of scientific research innovation teams, this paper constructs an open innovation reputation incentive model for scientific and technological-based SMEs and discusses the impact of relevant factors on the reputation and effort level of scientific research innovation teams under the situation of complete information and incomplete information. The results show that: (1) under the condition of complete information, the fairness preference of scientific research innovation teams is positively related to reputation incentive other than the effort level; (2) under the condition of incomplete information, the fairness preference of scientific research innovation teams has no significant impact on the reputation incentive but is negatively related to the effort level; (3) whether considering the fairness preference or not, the effort level and innovation capability of the scientific research innovation teams are positively correlated with the reputation incentive, while the effort cost, risk aversion coefficient, income distribution coefficient, and variance of external environment variable are negatively correlated with the reputation incentive; (4) the innovation ability of scientific research innovation teams is positively related to the effort level, while the effort cost, risk aversion coefficient, and variance of external environment variable are negatively related to the effort level.
Δ-based composite models for calculating x-ray absorption and emission energies
Authors: Zamani Abdulrahman Y. , Hratchian Hrant P. 
Published: December 2023

A practical ab initio composite method for modeling x-ray absorption and non-resonant x-ray emission is presented. Vertical K-edge excitation and emission energies are obtained from core-electron binding energies calculated with spin-projected ΔHF/ΔMP and outer-core ionization potentials/electron affinities calculated with electron propagator theory. An assessment of the combined methodologies against experiment is performed for a set of small molecules containing second-row elements.
Conceptualizing achromaticity
Authors: Hatakka Veera 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The word for grey has been studied in different languages as part of the definition of basic colour terms, and in
historical linguistics some studies have addressed grey as their main focus. The Finnish basic colour term harmaa
(‘grey’) has been addressed before in data from early to mid-twentieth century and as a basic colour term, but in contemporary language
harmaa has not been analysed with corpus methods before. This study presents the semantics of
harmaa in written communicational use of language, internet conversation, in the framework of Cognitive
Grammar and access semantics, using qualitative corpus analysis. The study results show that the shade or set of shades that
harmaa profiles in different contexts vary, and surface textures, mood, or evaluative aspects can also be
profiled. However, more studies are needed to reveal the semantics of harmaa in different interactional
situations.
Crystallite growth limits in amorphous oxides
Authors: Linker Seth , Ausbeck Christopher , DeSalvo Riccardo , Granata Veronica , Larsen Brecken , LeBohec Tugdual , Liu Yangyang , Miller Akilah , Mondin Marina , Neilson Joshua , Themann Harry 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Post deposition thermal annealing of amorphous coatings improves optical properties of dielectric mirrors. However, excessive temperatures cause crystallization, resulting in a degradation of mechanical and optical properties. Therefore, annealing is limited to temperatures ‘below’ the crystallization threshold. The threshold is determined by x-ray diffraction (XRD) measurement which requires a significant amount of crystallized material for detection, yet it has been shown that a population of crystallites may exist in otherwise amorphous coatings below the threshold temperature. In this study XRD measurements show crystallites that grow during annealing within amorphous oxide coatings to a limited and predictable size predicated on the difference in density between the crystal and the surrounding amorphous phase and the average material’s Young’s modulus. These crystallites may be the point-like, extremely weak scatterers revealed in the LIGO test masses when imaged off-axis.
Determining a parabolic system by boundary observation of its non-negative solutions with biological applications
Authors: Liu Hongyu , Lo Catharine W K 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we consider the inverse problem of determining some coefficients within a coupled nonlinear parabolic system, through boundary observation of its non-negative solutions. In the physical setup, the non-negative solutions represent certain probability densities in different contexts. We innovate the successive linearisation method by further developing a high-order variation scheme which can both ensure the positivity of the solutions and effectively tackle the nonlinear inverse problem. This enables us to establish several novel unique identifiability results for the inverse problem in a rather general setup. For a theoretical perspective, our study addresses an important topic in partial differential equation (PDE) analysis on how to characterise the function spaces generated by the products of non-positive solutions of parabolic PDEs. As a typical and practically interesting application, we apply our general results to inverse problems for ecological population models, where the positive solutions signify the population densities.
Solution of the EEG inverse problem by random dipole sampling
Authors: Della Cioppa L , Tartaglione M , Pascarella A , Pitolli F 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Electroencephalography (EEG) source imaging aims to reconstruct brain activity maps from the neuroelectric potential difference measured on the skull. To obtain the brain activity map, we need to solve an ill-posed and ill-conditioned inverse problem that requires regularization techniques to make the solution viable. When dealing with real-time applications, dimensionality reduction techniques can be used to reduce the computational load required to evaluate the numerical solution of the EEG inverse problem. To this end, in this paper we use the random dipole sampling method, in which a Monte Carlo technique is used to reduce the number of neural sources. This is equivalent to reducing the number of the unknowns in the inverse problem and can be seen as a first regularization step. Then, we solve the reduced EEG inverse problem with two popular inversion methods, the weighted Minimum Norm Estimate (wMNE) and the standardized LOw Resolution brain Electromagnetic TomogrAphy (sLORETA). The main result of this paper is the error estimates of the reconstructed activity map obtained with the randomized version of wMNE and sLORETA. Numerical experiments on synthetic EEG data demonstrate the effectiveness of the random dipole sampling method.
Wideband phased array design using hairpin ring resonator (HRR) and DGS for double band-notched performance
Authors: Qi Huanhuan , Liu Haiwen 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In this paper, a wideband Vivaldi phased array with double band-notched performance for radio astronomy is proposed. To address the issues of radio frequency interference from 5 G mobile communication (4.8–5 GHz) and C-band satellite communication (5.9–6.5 GHz) in radio astronomy system, the hairpin ring resonator (HRR), defected ground structure and λ/2 shorted-circuit stub are utilized together to realize the double notched bands with different bandwidth. The resonate mechanism of the proposed HRR is widely investigated, which exhibits independent and controllable resonances. Meanwhile, λ/2 shorted-circuited stub is adopted for the band notched performance. As the current on the stub is induced along the shorted via to the ground, without participating in radiation, thus the notched frequency is not affected by the scan angle. With these novel and dedicated design, the proposed phased array performs double band-notched performance with high skirt selectivity and deep suppression, within the notched band the maximum rejection level is better than 22.7 dB. This is the first work to implement double notched bands in phased array to the authors’ best knowledge. Finally, a prototype composed of 8 × 9 elements is fabricated and measured. The measurements agree well with the simulated ones.