bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pediatric produce prescription initiatives in the U.S.: a scoping review
Authors: Muleta Hemen , Fischer Laura K. , Chang Megan , Kim Noah , Leung Cindy W. , Obudulu Chinwe , Essel Kofi 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
To describe pediatric Produce Prescription (PRx) interventions and their study designs, outcomes, and opportunities for future research.

Methods
A scoping review framework was used to describe PRx interventions published between January 2000 and September 2023. Articles from online databases were uploaded into Covidence. Data on study characteristics, outcomes of interest (health, food insecurity (FI), nutritional and culinary efficacy, and fruit and vegetable (F/V) consumption), and feasibility were extracted. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) was used for quality assessment.

Results
19 articles met inclusion criteria. Ten studies were quantitative, five were qualitative, and four used mixed-methods. Interventions included food vouchers (n = 14) or food box/pantries (n = 5). Four studies allowed food items in addition to F/Vs. Six studies measured changes in FI and five reported a statistically significant decrease. Seven studies measured changes in F/V consumption and five reported a statistically significant increase. One study reported a statistically significant reduction in child BMI z-score. Most studies reported high feasibility. Few studies used high-quality methods.

Conclusions
Pediatric PRx interventions show promising potential to reduce FI and improve diet quality and health-related outcomes. Future studies should utilize rigorous study designs and validated assessment tools to understand the impact of pediatric PRx on health.

Impact

This work offers a summary of programmatic outcomes including retention, redemption, incentives, nutrition education, study design and quality limitations to help inform future work.

We found positive impacts of pediatric produce prescriptions (PRx) on FI, F/V consumption, and nutritional knowledge and culinary skills.

More high-quality, rigorous studies are needed to understand the best delivery and design of PRx and their impact on child behavior and health outcomes.

This work provides support for the need for rigorous studies and the potential for PRx to play a role in multi-pronged strategies that address pediatric FI and diet-related disease.
Dermal features derived from optoacoustic tomograms via machine learning correlate microangiopathy phenotypes with diabetes stage
Authors: Karlas Angelos , Katsouli Nikoletta , Fasoula Nikolina-Alexia , Bariotakis Michail , Chlis Nikolaos-Kosmas , Omar Murad , He Hailong , Iakovakis Dimitrios , Schäffer Christoph , Kallmayer Michael , Füchtenbusch Martin , Ziegler Annette , Eckstein Hans-Henning , Hadjileontiadis Leontios , Ntziachristos Vasilis 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSkin microangiopathy has been associated with diabetes. Here we show that skin-microangiopathy phenotypes in humans can be correlated with diabetes stage via morphophysiological cutaneous features extracted from raster-scan optoacoustic mesoscopy (RSOM) images of skin on the leg. We obtained 199 RSOM images from 115 participants (40 healthy and 75 with diabetes), and used machine learning to segment skin layers and microvasculature to identify clinically explainable features pertaining to different depths and scales of detail that provided the highest predictive power. Features in the dermal layer at the scale of detail of 0.1–1 mm (such as the number of junction-to-junction branches) were highly sensitive to diabetes stage. A ‘microangiopathy score’ compiling the 32 most-relevant features predicted the presence of diabetes with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.84. The analysis of morphophysiological cutaneous features via RSOM may allow for the discovery of diabetes biomarkers in the skin and for the monitoring of diabetes status.
Decoupling speciation and extinction reveals both abiotic and biotic drivers shaped 250 million years of diversity in crocodile-line archosaurs
Authors: Payne Alexander R. D. , Mannion Philip D. , Lloyd Graeme T. , Davis Katie E. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWhereas living representatives of Pseudosuchia, crocodylians, number fewer than 30 species, more than 700 pseudosuchian species are known from their 250-million-year fossil record, displaying far greater ecomorphological diversity than their extant counterparts. With a new time-calibrated tree of >500 species, we use a phylogenetic framework to reveal that pseudosuchian evolutionary history and diversification dynamics were directly shaped by the interplay of abiotic and biotic processes over hundreds of millions of years, supported by information theory analyses. Speciation, but not extinction, is correlated with higher temperatures in terrestrial and marine lineages, with high sea level associated with heightened extinction in non-marine taxa. Low lineage diversity and increased speciation in non-marine species is consistent with opportunities for niche-filling, whereas increased competition may have led to elevated extinction rates. In marine lineages, competition via increased lineage diversity appears to have driven both speciation and extinction. Decoupling speciation and extinction, in combination with ecological partitioning, reveals a more complex picture of pseudosuchian evolution than previously understood. As the number of species threatened with extinction by anthropogenic climate change continues to rise, the fossil record provides a unique window into the drivers that led to clade success and those that may ultimately lead to extinction.
Modeling fragment counts improves single-cell ATAC-seq analysis
Authors: Martens Laura D. , Fischer David S. , Yépez Vicente A. , Theis Fabian J. , Gagneur Julien 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSingle-cell ATAC sequencing coverage in regulatory regions is typically binarized as an indicator of open chromatin. Here we show that binarization is an unnecessary step that neither improves goodness of fit, clustering, cell type identification nor batch integration. Fragment counts, but not read counts, should instead be modeled, which preserves quantitative regulatory information. These results have immediate implications for single-cell ATAC sequencing analysis.
The association between homocysteine and bacterial vaginosis: results from NHANES 2001–2004
Authors: Luo Jing , Chen Tong , Chen Yue , Huang Ze-Min , Li Xiu-Juan , Chen Hao-Kai , Huang Yi-Qi , Guo Xu-Guang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAlthough no study has directly shown the relationship between bacterial vaginosis (BV) and homocysteine (HCY), we still found some association between these two through extensive literature and data analysis. BV score was calculated by Nugent’s method, less than equal to 6 is negative and greater than equal to 7 is positive. This article describes interrelationships we mined from data extracted by NHANES regarding BV and HCY under multiple covariates. We used two cycles of NHANES 2001–2002 and 2003–2004 in our study. We included 2398 participants in our study who recently completed the interview and the MEC tests. By investigating the relationship between BV and HCY under multivariate conditions, multiple linear regression analysis was performed. These factors may have influenced the results, such as ethnicity, age, education level, body mass index (BMI), etc. Serum vitamin B12, ferritin, percentage of segmented centrioles, and number of segmented centrioles were selected as potential covariates in our study. We observed that both the coarse model and the two adjusted models showed a high correlation between HCY and BV, and the correlation was positive. In the coarse model, OR = 1.26, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.10, 1.44, P = 0.0018); HCY was positively correlated with BV (OR = 1.19, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.05, 1.34, P = 0.0121). Multiple linear regression analysis was used to investigate the connection between BV and HCY under multivariate settings. The results of this study indicate that HCY is positively associated with the prevalence of BV and may play an important role in the prevention and management of BV.
Impact of chitosan-incorporated toothpaste on roughness, gloss, and antifungal potential of acrylic resin
Authors: Varaschin Theodorovicz Kaye , Vieira-Junior Waldemir Franscisco , Manoel Garcia Raissa , Pini Simões Gobbi Ludmila , Mayume Mori Mariana , Prado Dias Filho Benedito , Alves Nunes Leite Lima Débora , Sundfeld Daniel , Pavesi Pini Núbia Inocencya 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to test the efficacy of different silica-based toothpastes with or without chitosan, as a method of cleaning the acrylic surfaces of denture prostheses. Acrylic resin specimens were prepared to evaluate surface roughness and gloss (n = 10), and Candida albicans adhesion/inhibition (n = 2). Two toothpastes with different degrees of abrasiveness were used: Colgate (CT) and Elmex (EX), with or without 0.5% chitosan (Ch) microparticles (CTCh or EXCh, respectively). The negative control was brushed with distilled water. Brushing was simulated with a machine. Surface roughness and gloss were analyzed before and after brushing. Candida albicans incidence/inhibition was tested qualitatively to determine the acrylic resin antifungal activity. The roughness and gloss data were analyzed with a generalized linear model, and the Kruskal Wallis and Dunn tests, respectively (α = 5%). Brushing with toothpastes increased roughness and reduced gloss, compared with the negative control (p < 0.05). CT showed a more significantly different change in roughness and gloss, in relation to the other groups (p < 0.05). Addition of chitosan to CT reduced its abrasive potential, and yielded results similar to those of EX and EXCh. Specimens brushed with CT showed a higher potential for Candida albicans adherence, despite its higher antifungal action. Addition of chitosan to the toothpaste made both toothpaste and brushing more effective in inhibiting Candida albicans. CT had the potential to increase roughness, reduce gloss, and increase Candida albicans adherence. In contrast, chitosan added to CT showed greater antifungal potential, and a higher synergistic effect than EX.
Periostin facilitates ovarian cancer recurrence by enhancing cancer stemness
Authors: Huang Zhiqing , Byrd Olivia , Tan Sarah , Hu Katrina , Knight Bailey , Lo Gaomong , Taylor Lila , Wu Yuan , Berchuck Andrew , Murphy Susan K. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe lethality of epithelial ovarian cancer (OC) is largely due to a high rate of recurrence and development of chemoresistance, which requires synergy between cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME) and is thought to involve cancer stem cells. Our analysis of gene expression microarray data from paired primary and recurrent OC tissues revealed significantly elevated expression of the gene encoding periostin (POSTN) in recurrent OC compared to matched primary tumors (p = 0.015). Secreted POSTN plays a role in the extracellular matrix, facilitating epithelial cell migration and tissue regeneration. We therefore examined how elevated extracellular POSTN, as we found is present in recurrent OC, impacts OC cell functions and phenotypes, including stemness. OC cells cultured with conditioned media with high levels of periostin (CMPOSTNhigh) exhibited faster migration (p = 0.0044), enhanced invasiveness (p = 0.006), increased chemoresistance (p < 0.05), and decreased apoptosis as compared to the same cells cultured with control medium (CMCTL). Further, CMPOSTNhigh-cultured OC cells exhibited an elevated stem cell side population (p = 0.027) along with increased expression of cancer stem cell marker CD133 relative to CMCTL-cultured cells. POSTN-transfected 3T3-L1 cells that were used to generate CMPOSTNhigh had visibly enhanced intracellular and extracellular lipids, which was also linked to increased OC cell expression of fatty acid synthetase (FASN) that functions as a central regulator of lipid metabolism and plays a critical role in the growth and survival of tumors. Additionally, POSTN functions in the TME were linked to AKT pathway activities. The mean tumor volume in mice injected with CMPOSTNhigh-cultured OC cells was larger than that in mice injected with CMCTL-cultured OC cells (p = 0.0023). Taken together, these results show that elevated POSTN in the extracellular environment leads to more aggressive OC cell behavior and an increase in cancer stemness, suggesting that increased levels of stromal POSTN during OC recurrence contribute to more rapid disease progression and may be a novel therapeutic target. Furthermore, they also demonstrate the utility of having matched primary-recurrent OC tissues for analysis and support the need for better understanding of the molecular changes that occur with OC recurrence to develop ways to undermine those processes.
Protective effects of niacin following high fat rich diet: an in-vivo and in-silico study
Authors: Samad Noreen , Manzoor Natasha , Batool Ammara , Noor Aqsa , Khaliq Saima , Aurangzeb Sana , Bhatti Sheraz Ahmed , Imran Imran 
Published: December 2023

AbstractNiacin had long been understood as an antioxidant. There were reports that high fat diet (HFD) may cause psychological and physical impairments. The present study was aimed to experience the effect of Niacin on % growth rate, cumulative food intake, motor activity and anxiety profile, redox status, 5-HT metabolism and brain histopathology in rats. Rats were administered with Niacin at a dose of 50 mg/ml/kg body weight for 4 weeks following normal diet (ND) and HFD. Behavioral tests were performed after 4 weeks. Animals were sacrificed to collect brain samples. Biochemical, neurochemical and histopathological studies were performed. HFD increased food intake and body weight. The exploratory activity was reduced and anxiety like behavior was observed in HFD treated animals. Activity of antioxidant enzymes was decreased while oxidative stress marker and serotonin metabolism in the brain of rat were increased in HFD treated animals than ND fed rats. Morphology of the brain was also altered by HFD administration. Conversely, Niacin treated animals decreased food intake and % growth rate, increased exploratory activity, produced anxiolytic effects, decreased oxidative stress and increased antioxidant enzyme and 5-HT levels following HFD. Morphology of brain is also normalized by the treatment of Niacin following HFD. In-silico studies showed that Niacin has a potential binding affinity with degradative enzyme of 5-HT i.e. monoamine oxidase (MAO) A and B with an energy of ~ − 4.5 and − 5.0 kcal/mol respectively. In conclusion, the present study showed that Niacin enhanced motor activity, produced anxiolytic effect, and reduced oxidative stress, appetite, growth rate, increased antioxidant enzymes and normalized serotonin system and brain morphology following HFD intake. In-silico studies suggested that increase 5-HT was associated with the binding of MAO with Niacin subsequentially an inhibition of the degradation of monoamine. It is suggested that Niacin has a great antioxidant potential and could be a good therapy for the treatment of HFD induced obesity.
Identification and validation of a T cell marker gene-based signature to predict prognosis and immunotherapy response in gastric cancer
Authors: Zhong Jinlin , Pan Rongling , Gao Miao , Mo Yuqian , Peng Xin , Liang Guoxiao , Chen Zixuan , Du Jinlin , Huang Zhigang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAlthough the role of T cells in tumor immunity and modulation of the tumor microenvironment (TME) has been extensively studied, their precise involvement in gastric adenocarcinoma remains inadequately explored. In this work, we analyzed the single-cell RNA sequencing data set in GSE183904 and identified 322 T cell marker genes using the “FindAllMarkers” method of the R package “Seurat”. STAD patients in the TCGA database were divided into high-risk and low-risk categories based on risk scores. The five-gene prediction signature based on T cell marker genes can predict the prognosis of gastric cancer patients with high accuracy. In the training cohort, the areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were 0.667, 0.73, and 0.818 at 1, 3, and 5 years. External validation of the predictive signature was also performed using multiple clinical subgroups and GEO cohorts. To help with practical application, a diagnostic model was created that shows values of 0.732, 0.752, and 0.816 for the relevant areas under the ROC curve at 1, 3, and 5 years. The T cell marker genes identified in this study may serve as potential therapeutic targets, and the developed predictive signatures and nomograms may aid in the clinical management of gastric cancer.
Record-high Antarctic Peninsula temperatures and surface melt in February 2022: a compound event with an intense atmospheric river
Authors: Gorodetskaya Irina V. , Durán-Alarcón Claudio , González-Herrero Sergi , Clem Kyle R. , Zou Xun , Rowe Penny , Rodriguez Imazio Paola , Campos Diego , Leroy-Dos Santos Christophe , Dutrievoz Niels , Wille Jonathan D. , Chyhareva Anastasiia , Favier Vincent , Blanchet Juliette , Pohl Benjamin , Cordero Raul R. , Park Sang-Jong , Colwell Steve , Lazzara Matthew A. , Carrasco Jorge , Gulisano Adriana Maria , Krakovska Svitlana , Ralph F. Martin , Dethinne Thomas , Picard Ghislain 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe Antarctic Peninsula (AP) experienced a new extreme warm event and record-high surface melt in February 2022, rivaling the recent temperature records from 2015 and 2020, and contributing to the alarming series of extreme warm events over this region showing stronger warming compared to the rest of Antarctica. Here, the drivers and impacts of the event are analyzed in detail using a range of observational and modeling data. The northern/northwestern AP was directly impacted by an intense atmospheric river (AR) attaining category 3 on the AR scale, which brought anomalous heat and rainfall, while the AR-enhanced foehn effect further warmed its northeastern side. The event was triggered by multiple large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns linking the AR formation to tropical convection anomalies and stationary Rossby waves, with an anomalous Amundsen Sea Low and a record-breaking high-pressure system east of the AP. This multivariate and spatial compound event culminated in widespread and intense surface melt across the AP. Circulation analog analysis shows that global warming played a role in the amplification and increased probability of the event. Increasing frequency of such events can undermine the stability of the AP ice shelves, with multiple local to global impacts, including acceleration of the AP ice mass loss and changes in sensitive ecosystems.
Bioinspired photocatalytic systems towards compartmentalized artificial photosynthesis
Authors: Velasco-Garcia Laura , Casadevall Carla 
Published: December 2023

AbstractArtificial photosynthesis aims to produce fuels and chemicals from simple building blocks (i.e. water and carbon dioxide) using sunlight as energy source. Achieving effective photocatalytic systems necessitates a comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanisms and factors that control the reactivity. This review underscores the growing interest in utilizing bioinspired artificial vesicles to develop compartmentalized photocatalytic systems. Herein, we summarize different scaffolds employed to develop artificial vesicles, and discuss recent examples where such systems are used to study pivotal processes of artificial photosynthesis, including light harvesting, charge transfer, and fuel production. These systems offer valuable lessons regarding the appropriate choice of membrane scaffolds, reaction partners and spatial arrangement to enhance photocatalytic activity, selectivity and efficiency. These studies highlight the pivotal role of the membrane to increase the stability of the immobilized reaction partners, generate a suitable local environment, and force proximity between electron donor and acceptor molecules (or catalysts and photosensitizers) to increase electron transfer rates. Overall, these findings pave the way for further development of bioinspired photocatalytic systems for compartmentalized artificial photosynthesis.
Dynamics and resilience of the unconventional charge density wave in ScV6Sn6 bilayer kagome metal
Authors: Tuniz Manuel , Consiglio Armando , Puntel Denny , Bigi Chiara , Enzner Stefan , Pokharel Ganesh , Orgiani Pasquale , Bronsch Wibke , Parmigiani Fulvio , Polewczyk Vincent , King Phil D. C. , Wells Justin W. , Zeljkovic Ilija , Carrara Pietro , Rossi Giorgio , Fujii Jun , Vobornik Ivana , Wilson Stephen D. , Thomale Ronny , Wehling Tim , Sangiovanni Giorgio , Panaccione Giancarlo , Cilento Federico , Di Sante Domenico , Mazzola Federico 
Published: December 2023

AbstractLong-range electronic ordering descending from a metallic parent state constitutes a rich playground to study the interplay of structural and electronic degrees of freedom. In this framework, kagome metals are in the most interesting regime where both phonon and electronically mediated couplings are significant. Several of these systems undergo a charge density wave transition. However, to date, the origin and the main driving force behind this charge order is elusive. Here, we use the kagome metal ScV6Sn6as a platform to investigate this problem, since it features both a kagome-derived nested Fermi surface and van-Hove singularities near the Fermi level, and a charge-ordered phase that strongly affects its physical properties. By combining time-resolved reflectivity, first principles calculations and photo-emission experiments, we identify the structural degrees of freedom to play a fundamental role in the stabilization of charge order, indicating that ScV6Sn6features an instance of charge order predominantly originating from phonons.
Amorphous silicon intrinsic photomixing detector for optical ranging
Authors: Bablich Andreas , Müller Maurice , Bornemann Rainer , Marrenbach Nils , Kienitz Paul , Haring Bolívar Peter 
Published: December 2023

AbstractToday’s optical range finders or 3D imagers suffer from significant drawbacks and do not allow to combine performance (sensitivity, precision) with simplicity, and scalability enabling very-large scale integration with minimum footprint. Here, we present the amorphous silicon Intrinsic Photomixing Detector (IPD) for direct and highly sensitive optical envelope mixing. The ability to generate a photocurrent that is proportional to the nonlinear mixing of two optical modulation envelope functions enables high performance Time-of-Flight optical ranging at low light levels down to $$\sim \!0.1\,{{{{{\rm{mW}}}}}}{{{{{\rm{cm}}}}}}^{-2}$$
~

0.1

mW

cm

−
2

at $$444\,{{{{{\rm{nm}}}}}}$$
444

nm
. The IPD exceeds MHz bandwidth, covers a broad distance detection range from $$10\,{{{{{\rm{cm}}}}}}$$
10

cm
to $$101\,{{{{{\rm{m}}}}}}$$
101

m
, and achieves a mean depth resolution below $$44\,{{{{{\rm{mm}}}}}}$$
44

mm
for distances up to $$25\,{{{{{\rm{m}}}}}}$$
25

m
. The IPD paves the way towards simple but high-performance photodetectors that allow for very-large scale integration on top of silicon or flexible electronics at low costs with pixel fill factors up to 100%.