bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetic resonance imaging shows spinal curvature in Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) is associated with chronic inflammation of peri‐vertebral soft tissues
Authors: Lovett Bailey A. , Firth Elwyn C. , Perrott Matthew R. , Munday John S. , Pontre Beau P. , Lydon Anna‐Maria P. , Symonds Jane E. , Preece Mark A. , Herbert Neill A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractChinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) farmed in New Zealand are known to develop abnormal spinal curvature late in seawater production. Its cause is presently unknown, but there is evidence to suggest a neuromuscular pathology. Using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), we evaluated the relationship between soft tissue pathology and spinal curvature in farmed Chinook salmon. Regions of interest (ROIs) presenting as pathologic MRI signal hyper‐intensity were identified from scans of 24 harvest‐sized individuals: 13 with radiographically‐detectable spinal curvature and 11 without. ROIs were excised from individuals using anatomical landmarks as reference points and histologically analysed. Pathologic MRI signal was observed more frequently in individuals with radiographic curvature (92%, n = 12) than those without (18%, n = 2), was localized to the peri‐vertebral connective tissues and musculature, and presented as three forms: inflammation, fibrosis, or both. These pathologies are consistent with a chronic inflammatory process, such as that observed during recovery from a soft tissue injury, and suggest spinal curvature in farmed Chinook salmon may be associated with damage to and/or compromised integrity of the peri‐vertebral soft tissues. Future research to ascertain the contributing factors is required.
Cancer risk‐factor and symptom awareness among adults with intellectual disabilities, paid and unpaid carers, and healthcare practitioners: a scoping review
Authors: Gil N. , Cox A. , Whitaker K. L. , Kerrison R. S. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe physical health of people with intellectual disabilities (ID) has been identified as an area of ongoing concern and priority. Research has increasingly focused on cancer, with studies indicating that people with ID are at an increased risk of cancer and of mortality, compared with the general population. This review aims to systematically identify and synthesise the published academic literature exploring cancer risk‐factor and symptom awareness among people with IDs, carers and healthcare professionals.MethodsIn line with Arksey and O'Malley's (2005) framework for scoping reviews, five incremental stages were followed: (1) identifying research question, (2) identifying relevant studies, (3) study selection, (4) extracting and charting of data, and (5) collating, summarising and reporting results. Findings were reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analyses extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA‐Scr).ResultsThe search strategy identified 352 records, 16 records met all eligibility criteria and were included for review. The studies address a range of areas including knowledge and awareness of cancer risk‐factors and symptoms and interventions to promote awareness of cancer.ConclusionsCancer risk‐factor and symptom awareness is low among adults with ID, paid and unpaid carers and healthcare practitioners (HCPs). Theoretically underpinned, co‐designed tools and interventions to improve awareness are lacking. There is uncertainty surrounding how to best support people with ID in raising cancer awareness, even within the professional healthcare environment. There is a predominance of research on breast cancer awareness. Future studies focusing on other cancers are needed to build a complete picture of awareness among adults with IDs, paid and unpaid carers, and HCPs.
Dynamic, sex‐ and diet‐specific pleiotropism in the PAC1 receptor‐mediated regulation of arcuate proopiomelanocortin and Neuropeptide Y/Agouti related peptide neuronal excitability by anorexigenic ventromedial nucleus PACAP neurons
Authors: Mata‐Pacheco Veronica , Hernandez Jennifer , Varma Nandini , Xu Jenny , Sayers Sarah , Le Nikki , Wagner Edward J. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis study furthers the investigation of how pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) and the PAC1 receptor (PAC1R) regulate the homeostatic energy balance circuitry. We hypothesized that apoptotic ablation of PACAP neurones in the hypothalamic ventromedial nucleus (VMN) would affect both energy intake and energy expenditure. We also hypothesized that selective PAC1R knockdown would impair the PACAP‐induced excitation in anorexigenic proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurones and inhibition of orexigenic neuropeptide Y (NPY)/agouti‐related peptide (AgRP) neurones in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC). The results show CASPASE‐3‐induced ablation of VMN PACAP neurones leads to increased energy intake and meal frequency as well as decreased energy expenditure in lean animals. The effects were more robust in obese males, whereas we saw the opposite effects in obese females. We then utilized visualized whole‐cell patch clamp recordings in hypothalamic slices. PAC1R knockdown in POMC neurones diminishes the PACAP‐induced depolarization, increase in firing, decreases in energy intake and meal size, as well as increases in CO2 production and O2 consumption. Similarly, the lack of expression of the PAC1R in NPY/AgRP neurones greatly attenuates the PACAP‐induced hyperpolarization, suppression of firing, decreases in energy intake and meal frequency, as well as increases in energy expenditure. The PACAP response in NPY/AgRP neurones switched from predominantly inhibitory to excitatory in fasted animals. Finally, the anorexigenic effect of PACAP was potentiated when oestradiol was injected into the ARC in ovariectomized females. This study demonstrates the critical role of anorexigenic VMN PACAP neurones and the PAC1R in exciting POMC and inhibiting NPY/AgRP neurons to control homeostatic feeding.
Socially conscious moral intuitionism
Authors: Bengson John , Cuneo Terence , Shafer‐Landau Russ 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn “Trusting Moral Intuitions” we argued that moral intuitions are trustworthy due to their being the outputs of a cognitive practice, with social elements, in good working order. Backes, Eklund, and Michelson present several criticisms of our defense of a socially conscious moral intuitionism. We respond to these criticisms, defending our claim that social factors enhance the epistemic credentials of moral intuitions, answering worries pertaining to the reliability of the moral intuition practice, and addressing concerns about both the individuation of this practice and the good conditions for its implementation.
A resilient bunch: stem cell antiviral immunity in plants
Authors: Hoffmann Gesa , Incarbone Marco 
Published: December 2023

SummaryStem cells are vital for plant development and reproduction. The stem cells within shoot apical meristems are known to possess exceptionally effective antiviral defenses against pathogenic viruses which preclude their infection, yet how this is achieved remains poorly understood and scarcely investigated. In this Tansley Insight, we connect very recent experimental results with previous work to summarize the known molecular mechanisms determining stem cell antiviral immunity. More broadly, we attempt to define the viral features triggering immunity and the global consequences of virus infection in these essential cells. This brief article will highlight how these phenomena are fascinating, complex and often crucial for virus–host interactions, while emphasizing the potential for discovery in their investigation.
A pragmatic methodology to extract anesthetic and physiological data from the electronic health record
Authors: Harandi Arshia Aalami , McPherson Katherine , Lo Yungtai , Gutiérrez Rodrigo , Chao Jerry Y. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackground/AimsTraditional manual methods of extracting anesthetic and physiological data from the electronic health record rely upon visual transcription by a human analyst that can be labor‐intensive and prone to error. Technical complexity, relative inexperience in computer coding, and decreased access to data warehouses can deter investigators from obtaining valuable electronic health record data for research studies, especially in under‐resourced settings. We therefore aimed to develop, pilot, and demonstrate the effectiveness and utility of a pragmatic data extraction methodology.MethodsExpired sevoflurane concentration data from the electronic health record transcribed by eye was compared to an intermediate preprocessing method in which the entire anesthetic flowsheet narrative report was selected, copy‐pasted, and processed using only Microsoft Word and Excel software to generate a comma‐delimited (.csv) file. A step‐by‐step presentation of this method is presented. Concordance rates, Pearson correlation coefficients, and scatterplots with lines of best fit were used to compare the two methods of data extraction.ResultsA total of 1132 datapoints across eight subjects were analyzed, accounting for 18.9 h of anesthesia time. There was a high concordance rate of data extracted using the two methods (median concordance rate 100% range [96%, 100%]). The median time required to complete manual data extraction was significantly longer compared to the time required using the intermediate method (240 IQR [199, 482.5] seconds vs 92.5 IQR [69, 99] seconds, p = .01) and was linearly associated with the number of datapoints (rmanual = .97, p < .0001), whereas time required to complete data extraction using the intermediate approach was independent of the number of datapoints (rintermediate = −.02, p = .99).ConclusionsWe describe a pragmatic data extraction methodology that does not require additional software or coding skills intended to enhance the ease, speed, and accuracy of data collection that could assist in clinician investigator‐initiated research and quality/process improvement projects.
Insights from a joint pediatric dermatology‐gynecology vulvar clinic: A retrospective study
Authors: Menta Nikita , Nussbaum Dillon , Khilnani Aneka , Dowlut‐McElroy Tazim , Habeshian Kaiane A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesPediatric vulvar disease has not been widely explored in the medical literature. Few studies focus on vulvar disease in skin of color. The vulvar disease can be distressing for young patients given the sensitive location, and providers may lack experience in diagnosing and managing vulvar dermatoses. We sought to characterize the conditions seen, diagnostic challenges encountered, and the racial and ethnic factors associated with vulvar diseases in our multidisciplinary pediatric dermatology‐gynecology vulvar clinic at Children's National.MethodsMedical records of 220 patients who presented to our multidisciplinary pediatric dermatology‐gynecology clinic were reviewed retrospectively.ResultsLichen sclerosus (LS) (36%, n = 80), inflammatory vulvitis (11%, n = 23), and vitiligo (9%, n = 19) were the three most frequent conditions observed. These conditions were often misdiagnosed as one another. There was a mean delay in diagnosis after symptom onset in LS patients of 16.43 months.ConclusionsLS, inflammatory vulvitis, and vitiligo are common vulvar diseases among pediatric patients. Accurate diagnosis is important because LS must be treated aggressively to prevent sequelae. Further studies are warranted to help differentiate LS and vitiligo with consideration of skin tone.
‘It's a gamble’: A phenomenological exploration of medical students' learning experiences as newcomers to clinical communities of practice
Authors: Taylor Alistair W. R. , Anderson Elizabeth S. , Gay Simon 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundMedical students become members of the clinical team through participation in their activities, as described by Lave and Wenger's situated learning theory. While there is research into how medical students cognitively engage in clinical learning, there is limited work on clinical experiences using a social theoretical lens such as situated learning theory.MethodThis study explored third year medical students' lived experience as newcomers to clinical teams using a qualitative phenomenological approach. Medical students completed in‐depth, semi‐structured interviews in 2021. Interpretive phenomenological analysis (IPA) using Lave and Wenger's theory of situated learning was applied to understand students' experiences.ResultsSeven students discussed their variable placement experiences. Learning related to three elements: conditions for participation, modes of participation and products of participation. When certain conditions were met relating to student, clinician and activity, students learned. This drove identity and relationship formation. The findings related and led to a self‐perpetuating cycle with potential to advance student learning. When the conditions for participation were not met, the cycle stopped, leading to student disengagement.ConclusionPassivity in students is a result of modifiable factors in the workplace. To encourage proactivity, clinicians must enable students to move from observation to participation as their competence increases. Participation should be supervised, challenging and should contribute to patient care. Time pressures can make this difficult; one solution is to nominate a clinician to direct students and account for this in their workload or to employ a clinical fellow to assist with student training.
Optimal microneedle length for hair regrowth in hair cycle arrest (alopecia X) in six dogs
Authors: Kang Yeong‐Hun , Kim Min‐Sun , Kang Soh‐Yoon , Hyun Jae‐Eun , Hwang Cheol‐Yong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundHair cycle arrest (HCA) is a chronic alopecic disorder in dogs. Clinical responses vary and are often insufficient. Microneedling (MN) has been used as a successful treatment for HCA in dogs; ideal protocols have not yet been established.ObjectivesThe objective of the study was to compare the efficacy and safety of three needle lengths for MN in dogs with HCA.AnimalsSix unrelated client‐owned dogs, including five Pomeranians and one mixed‐breed dog, diagnosed with HCA.Materials and MethodsIndividual alopecic sites were divided into three sections. For each section, different lengths of needles (1, 2 and 3 mm) were used. Efficacy and safety were evaluated at 1, 3 and 6 months. Treated sections were monitored for 20 months.ResultsThree months after treatment with 3 mm needles, all sections showed hair regrowth. There was no hair regrowth in two of six sections treated with 2 mm needles, and four of six sections did not show a response to treatment with 1 mm needles. Two dogs developed transient pruritus. Five of six dogs had recurrent hair loss between 5 and 16 months of follow‐up.Conclusion and Clinical RelevanceMicroneedling using longer needles stimulated better hair regrowth in dogs with HCA. Alopecia relapsed in most dogs and minor pruritus occurred in some dogs.
Clinical practice guidelines in prehospital pain management for paramedics: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Thomson Michelle , Simpson Paul , Pap Robin , Munn Zachary 
Published: December 2023

Objectives:
The purpose of this review is to examine prehospital pain management clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) to identify recommendations that can be adopted or adapted into paramedic clinical practice. An additional aim is to consider the methodological quality of these CPGs and the recommendations within them.

Introduction:
Quality, evidence-based CPGs support clinicians and optimize patient care. However, not all CPGs meet rigorous evidence-based standards, and some may be misleading. As pain is a common reason for patients to access ambulance services, the evaluation of pain management CPGs, their quality, and whether their recommendations can be adopted or adapted into practice is required to increase understanding in this area.

Inclusion criteria:
We will include CPGs for pain management intended for prehospital services in civilian communities. CPGs in English published from 2017, and containing clear recommendations addressing pain of any cause will be considered for inclusion.

Methods:
This review will combine methodologies, including the PICAR framework (population, intervention, comparison, attributes of eligible CPGs, recommendation characteristics) by Johnston et al., and the JBI umbrella and scoping review methodologies. The search strategy will cover 12 databases, including PubMed, Embase, and specific CPG databases (eg, GIN Library). Additionally, Google Scholar and Google will be searched, and prehospital organizations without regular publications will be contacted. The AGREE II and AGREE-REX tools will be used to assess the methodological rigor and clinical credibility of the CPGs. The characteristics of both CPGs and the recommendations will be extracted and discussed in the review.

Review registration:
PROSPERO CRD42022352951
Stokes’ Second Flow Problem Revisited for Particle–Fluid Suspensions
Authors: Ru C. Q. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
An alternative analytical model is proposed for hydrodynamics of incompressible Newtonian fluids with suspended solid particles. Unlike existing single-phase models that do not distinguish the velocity field of suspended particles from the velocity field of host fluid, the present model accounts for the relative shift between the two velocity fields and assumes that its effect can be largely captured by substituting the inertia term of Navier–Stokes equations with the acceleration field of the mass center of the representative unit cell. The proposed model enjoys a relatively concise mathematical formulation. The oscillating flow of a particle–fluid suspension between two flat plates is studied with the present model, and detailed results are presented for Stokes’ second flow problem on the oscillating flow of a suspension half-space induced by an oscillating plate with specific examples of dusty gases and nanofluids. Remarkably, leading-order asymptotic expressions derived by the present model, for the effect of suspended particles on the decay index and wavenumber of the velocity field, are shown to be identical to known results derived based on the widely adopted Saffman model for dusty gases. It is hoped that the present work could offer a relatively simplified and yet reasonably accurate model for hydrodynamic problems of particle–fluid suspensions.
A Theoretical Analysis for Arbitrary Residual Stress of Thin Film/Substrate System With Nonnegligible Film Thickness
Authors: Sun Kunjie , Sun Chen , Chen Jubing 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Stoney formula is widely used in advanced devices to estimate the residual stress of thin film/substrate system by measuring surface curvature. Many hypotheses including that thin film thickness is ignored are required, thus bringing significant error in characterizing the inhomogeneous residual stress distribution. In this article, arbitrary residual stresses on thin film/substrate structures with nonnegligible film thickness are modeled and characterized. We introduce nonuniform misfit strain and establish the governing equations including mismatched strain, displacements, and interfacial stresses based on the basic elastic theory. The parameterization method and the method of constant variation are used in the process of equation decoupling. The expressions between displacements, surface curvatures, and misfit strain are determined through decoupling calculations. By substituting misfit strain, residual stresses are expressed by parametric equation related to surface curvature. It further indicates that there is a “non-local” part between the film stress and curvature at the same point. Compared to neglecting the film thickness, the proposed method eliminate relative errors up to 58.3%, which is of great significance for stress measurement of thin films and substrates.
Dynamic Behavior of Bistable Shallow Arches: From Intrawell to Chaotic Motion
Authors: Bonthron Michael , Tubaldi Eleonora 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Bistable shallow arches are ubiquitous in many engineering systems ranging from compliant mechanisms and biomedical stents to energy harvesters and passive fluidic controllers. In all these scenarios, the bistable states of the arch and the sudden transitions between them via snap-through instability are harnessed. However, bistable arches have been traditionally studied and characterized by triggering snap-through instability using quasi-static forces. Here, we analytically examine the effect of oscillatory loads on bistable arches and investigate the dynamic behaviors ranging from intrawell motion to periodic and chaotic interwell motion. The linear and nonlinear dynamic responses of both elastically and plastically deformed shallow arches are presented. Introducing an energy potential criterion, we classify the structure’s behavior within the parameter space. This energy-based approach allows us to explore the parameter space for high-dimensional models of the arch by varying the force amplitude and excitation frequency. Bifurcation diagrams, Lyapunov exponents, and maximum critical energy plots are presented to characterize the dynamic response of the system. Our results reveal that unstable solutions admitted through higher modes govern the critical energy required for interwell motion. This study investigates the rich nonlinear dynamic behavior of the arch element and it introduces an energy potential criterion that can scale easily to classify motion of arrays of bistable arches for future developments of multistable mechanical metamaterials.
Deep Learning in Computational Design Synthesis: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Kumar Singh Shubhendu , Rai Rahul , Pradip Khawale Raj , Patel Darshil , Bielecki Dustin , Nguyen Ryan , Wang Jun , Zhang Zhibo 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
A paradigm shift in the computational design synthesis (CDS) domain is being witnessed by the onset of the innovative usage of machine learning techniques. The rapidly evolving paradigmatic shift calls for systematic and comprehensive assimilation of extant knowledge at the intersection of machine learning and computational design synthesis. Understanding nuances, identifying research gaps, and outlining the future direction for cutting-edge research is imperative. This article outlines a hybrid literature review consisting of a thematic and framework synthesis survey to enable conceptual synthesis of information at the convergence of computational design, machine learning, and big data models. The thematic literature survey aims at conducting an in-depth descriptive survey along the lines of a broader theme of machine learning in computational design. The framework synthesis-based survey tries to encapsulate the research findings in a conceptual framework to understand the domain better. The framework is based on the CDS process, which consists of four submodules: representation, generation, evaluation, and guidance. Each submodule has undergone an analysis to identify potential research gaps and formulate research questions. In addition, we consider the limitations of our study and pinpoint the realms where the research can be extended in the future.