bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A low-power neutron and gamma-ray detector for environmental radiation monitoring using CLYC scintillator
Authors: Zhao K. , Huang Y. , Shan C. , Feng C. , Wang Z. , Chang K. , Xie W. , Liu F. , Liu S. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This paper describes a low-power neutron and gamma-ray
detector based on a CLYC scintillator enriched with 96% 6Li
for environmental radiation monitoring. The detector is designed in
compliance with the IP66 standard having water and dust release
capability. The power consumption of the detector is 3.5 W, and the
operating temperature is from -15° to +40°. The energy
response range for gamma rays is 40 keV to 3 MeV, while the energy
resolution of the detector is 4.8% (662 keV). A standard figure
of merit (FOM) is used to evaluate neutron-gamma discrimination,
achieving a value of 3.42. The mixed neutron-gamma environment was
simulated at the Back-n neutron beam of the China Spallation Neutron
Source (CSNS). The test results show that the detector can detect
the changes in the gamma dose and neutron count rates when the beam
is turned on and off in real-time. The proposed detector is suitable
for the application of long-term environmental radiation monitoring
for nuclear facilities or buildings housing radioactive sources.
Mitigation of ventilation air methane (VAM) using novel methanotrophic coating materials: a technical analysis
Authors: Lundberg Daniel James , Kim Jimin , Parviz Dorsa , Strano Michael S 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Ventilation air methane (VAM) is a potent greenhouse gas source originating from geological wells, current and extinct mineshafts and other terrestrial conduits venting methane to the atmosphere, contributing to global methane emissions and disproportionate warming potential. Herein, we introduce the concept of the methanotrophic material as an engineering solution. Such materials should be capable of converting methane at ambient temperatures and pressures to a binder product, capturing and permanently sequestering the methane while simultaneously restricting its further emission. While such materials are currently under research development, this goal is supported and facilities by the mathematical framework, introduced and used herein, to evaluate the ability to convert methane, using currently published activity data. We include a case study of the conversion of a characteristic stream of VAM (0.6% methane in air, 1.7 × 108 l hr−1 equivalent to 100 000 standard cubic feet per minute). We show that when appropriately designed, such systems require a surface coverage of less than 1000 m of mine tunnel length (equivalent to 20 000 m2 areal coverage) in order to reduce the methane emission from this stream by over 99%. Finally, we highlight formaldehyde as a reactive intermediate of methane oxidation which may itself be incorporated into these coating materials. As a component of binders and polymers already used ubiquitously in commercial products, this intermediate ultimately allows these systems to sequester the carbon from methane in a stable and solid form. The results presented here are easily extended to the treatment of other methane streams—either more concentrated or dilute—and the results herein will guide the design and development of a new class of carbon-negative materials.
The patterns, magnitude, and drivers of unprecedented 2022 mega-drought in the Yangtze River Basin, China
Authors: Liu Yi , Yuan Shanshui , Zhu Ye , Ren Liliang , Chen Ruiqi , Zhu Xiaotong , Xia Ruize 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The Yangtze River Basin in China was hit by an unprecedented extreme drought in 2022. Such a record-breaking event is jointly driven by a few outlier factors and shows abnormal phenomena. The exceptionality of this drought event cannot be fully described by any individual indicator. Therefore, we performed this comprehensive study to highlight the exceptionality of 2022 Yangtze River Basin drought. We evaluated three drought characteristics: onset period (the time interval of moisture condition from normal to extreme), intensity, and affected area and their compound features. Additionally, historical climatology (1950–2022) and four past severe events are used as references. Lastly, we investigated the driving mechanisms of this event from synoptic perspective. Our results indicate the 2022 drought ranked as the most severe event in history. The recurrence interval of the 2022 Yangtze River drought is estimated to be 120–400 years by considering individual and combined drought characteristics. Behind the scenes, the synoptic environment triggered the abnormally high temperatures and abrupt alteration of precipitation, which is the main driver of the event. The 2022 Yangtze River drought is an archetype of an event characterized by both rapid intensification over time and space, which is indicative for drought monitoring and early warning in a warming climate.
Lenacapavir: A first-in-class capsid inhibitor for the treatment of highly treatment-resistant HIV
Authors: Prather Caitlin , Lee Andrea , Yen Carolynne 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Purpose
The purpose of this article is to review the pharmacology, efficacy, and safety of the capsid inhibitor lenacapavir for the treatment of multidrug-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection.

Summary
A review of the literature was performed by searching PubMed/MEDLINE for all relevant articles published between February 2021 and March 2023 using the keywords “lenacapavir,” “Sunlenca,” “human immunodeficiency virus,” and “treatment” together with “multidrug resistant human immunodeficiency virus.” All English-language articles describing clinical trials assessing the efficacy and safety of lenacapavir when used in humans for the treatment of HIV infection were included. Review articles, conference abstracts, and article references were evaluated for relevant information, and data were also obtained from the manufacturer’s website and the package insert. Lenacapavir has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of HIV-1 infection in heavily treatment-experienced adults with multidrug resistance for whom the current antiretroviral regimen is failing due to resistance, intolerance, or safety considerations. It is the first in a new class of drugs called capsid inhibitors to receive FDA approval. Lenacapavir is a long-acting subcutaneous injectable to be administered once every 6 months. The phase 3 clinical trial evaluating lenacapavir has demonstrated its efficacy in viral load reduction from baseline compared to placebo in patients receiving optimized background therapy. The most common adverse events reported in the clinical trial were injection site reactions, occurring in 63% of participants.

Conclusion
Lenacapavir is a novel capsid inhibitor indicated, in combination with other antiretroviral therapy, for treatment of multidrug-resistant HIV-1 infection.
Associating night-shift work with lifetime use of sleep medication and sleep quality in a cohort of female nurses
Authors: van de Langenberg Daniëlla , Vlaanderen Jelle , Berentzen Nina , Kromhout Hans , Vermeulen Roel 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Night-shift workers often sleep at moments, not in sync with their circadian rhythm. Though the acute effects of night-shift work on sleep quality directly after a night shift are well described, less is known about the chronic effects of night-shift work on sleep. We associated ever-working night shifts and recently working night shifts (&lt;4 wk) with lifetime use of sleep medication and melatonin, self-reported average sleep duration and sleep quality over the 4 wk preceding inclusion (measured using the Medical Outcomes Study Sleep scale). We explored trends in sleep outcomes with average frequency of night shifts per week, tenure of night-shift works in years, and time since last performed night work. This research was conducted within the Nightingale study which is a Dutch cohort study of 59,947 female registered nurses aged 18 to 65. Working night shifts was not associated with self-reported nonoptimal sleep length and sleep quality. However, we observed higher odds of lifetime use of sleep medication for nurses who ever-worked night shifts (OR 1.24; 95% CI 1.13, 1.35) and who recently worked night shifts (OR 1.13; 95% CI 1.05, 1.22); with night-shift work frequency and tenure being associated with lifetime use of sleep medication (P-value for trend &lt; 0.001 for both). Odds for melatonin use were elevated for nurses who ever worked night shifts (OR 1.55; 95% CI 1.40, 1.71) and recently worked night shifts (OR 1.72; 95% CI 1.59, 1,86). The findings of this study have practical implications for healthcare organizations that employ nurses working night shifts. The observed associations between night-shift work and increased lifetime use of prescribed sleep medication and melatonin highlight the need for targeted support and interventions to address the potential long-term sleep problems faced by these nurses.
The Mastoid Crevasse and 3-Dimensional Considerations in Deep Plane Neck Lifting
Authors: Talei Benjamin , Shauly Orr , Marxen Troy , Menon Ambika , Gould Daniel J 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
Advances in face and neck lifting involve release of tethering points along the superficial musculoaponeurotic system–platysma complex to freely manipulate the deep natural glide plane in the face and neck.

Objectives
The aim of this article was to determine a combination of deep plane techniques for addressing the face and neck and to elucidate, for the first time, a measurable endpoint for the gonial angle. Analysis of deep plane tethering and decussation zones was also undertaken.

Methods
Extended deep plane surgery performed in 79 patients (158 hemifaces; age, 30-75 years; 95% female), over a 3-month period, was reviewed. Patients were followed for 1 year. Measurements were performed systematically during deep plane face and neck lifting.

Results
Before intervention, the mean [standard deviation] gonial depth was 9.4 [3.6] mm on the left and 8.3 [2.7] mm on the right. The mean depth created below the gonial angle when measuring the traditional suspension to the anterior mastoid was 15.8 [3.3] mm on the left and 13.7 [2.5] mm on the right. The distance postoperatively when measuring the gonial depth after performing the crevasse technique was 23.2 [2.2] mm on the left and 22.5 [2.5] mm on the right. This represents a mean increase in the advancement of 7.4 mm on the left and 8.8 mm on the right (average, 8.1 mm) which was demonstrated to be statistically significant bilaterally (P &lt; .0001).

Conclusions
The deep plane techniques described here aid manipulation of the deep plane and deep neck space, while also providing measurable endpoints and more effective modes of fixation by utilizing the mastoid crevasse. The use of techniques that release tension and allow redrape produce the most natural and well-balanced results.

Level of Evidence: 4
Taxonomic disagreement about ranks in gray-area taxa: A vignette study
Authors: Conix Stijn , Cuypers Vincent , Zachos Frank E , De Block Andreas 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
When producing species classifications, taxonomists are often confronted with gray-area cases. For example, because of incipient or shallow divergence, it can be scientifically valid both to split groups of organisms into separate species and to lump them together into one species. It has been claimed that, in such cases, the ranking decision is, in part, subjective and may differ between taxonomists because of differences in their conceptions of species or even in conservation values. In the present article, we use a vignette study to empirically test this claim and to explore the drivers of taxonomic decision-making in gray-area cases. For three fictional taxonomic scenarios, we asked the opinion of a sample of taxonomists on one of slightly different versions of an abstract containing a decision on species status. The cases were explicitly designed to represent gray-area cases, and the differences between versions related to potential drivers of decisions, such as information on conservation status, different kinds of additional evidence, and information on the presence or absence of gene flow. In general, our results suggest that taxonomists tend to disagree at least moderately about species-ranking decisions in gray-area cases even when they are presented with the same data. We did not find evidence that species concepts or conservation values are strong drivers of taxonomic disagreement. Instead, operational concerns, such as the presence or absence of different kinds of data, seemed to be more important.
Afrofemtrism: a critical examination of the relationship between gender, technology, and society
Authors: Ackah Betty B B 
Published: September 2023

AbstractExisting theories in technology and society studies do not comprehensively address the realities of people of African descent, including factors such as their histories, evolving cultures, and power dynamics. The article addresses this gap by constructing afrofemtrism, a gender justice theory which interrogates gender realities in the context of a society’s peculiar interaction with technological advancements. A salient feature of afrofemtrism’s development is the iterative interaction with empirical data from the Ghana blockchain community wherein participants in this study encountered conflicts and congruity between their information and communications technology (ICT) careers and their deeply traditional but cosmopolitan Global South setting. Ultimately, the study critically investigates digital technologies which present inequitable experiences for women in Ghana.
Klotho and lean mass as novel cardiovascular risk factors in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Martins Ana Rita , Azeredo-Lopes Sofia , Pereira Sofia Azeredo , Moreira Inês , Weigert André Luíz 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) present a higher risk of cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality compared with the general population. While there are several well-established traditional CV risk factors, few studies have addressed novel potential risk factors such as α-Klotho, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and lean mass.

Methods
This was an observational, prospective, single-center, cohort study that included prevalent hemodialysis (online hemodiafiltration) adult patients. By univariate logistic regression models, univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models, and Kaplan–Meier analysis, we evaluated the association between the levels of α-Klotho, ADMA and lean mass, with the risk of peripheral vascular disease (PVD), CV events and all-cause mortality in these patients.

Results
A total of 200 HD patients was included. We found that increased levels of log-α-Klotho were significantly associated with decreased odds of both PVD [odds ratio (OR) 0.521, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.270–0.954, P = .034] and CV events (OR 0.415, 95% CI 0.203–0.790, P = .01), whereas increased levels of log-ADMA were only significantly associated with increased odds of PVD (OR 13.482, 95% CI 5.055–41.606, P &lt; .001). We also found that the levels of log-α-Klotho (HR 0.357, 95% CI 0.140–0.906, P &lt; .05) and lean mass (HR 0.187, 95% CI 0.042–0.829, P &lt; .05), but not log-ADMA, were significantly associated with the risk of all-cause mortality, even after adjusting for possible confounding variables.

Conclusions
Novel long-term clinical associations were generated that support α-Klotho and lean mass as novel CV risk factors in hemodialysis patients.
Dobrava hantavirus and coinciding SARS-CoV-2 infection mimicking thrombotic microangiopathy and responding to a single dose of eculizumab
Authors: Aberger Simon , Kozakowski Nicolas , Proházka Zoltán , Pleininger Thomas , Salmhofer Hermann 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
The current severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has refocused scientific interest on gaining insight into the pathophysiology of systemic viral diseases. Complement activation has been characterized as a driver of endothelial injury and microvascular thrombosis in acute respiratory distress syndrome as well as hantavirus hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. On this occasion, we wish to report a case of severe hantavirus disease with coinciding SARS-CoV-2 infection mimicking thrombotic microangiopathy with rapid response of inflammatory markers, hematologic parameters and proteinuria to eculizumab. These findings support a disease model of virus-associated endothelial injury involving alternative pathway complement activation. Future studies are needed to explore whether end organ damage can be mitigated by complement inhibition in life-threatening viral disease.
Estimation of large covariance matrices with mixed factor structures
Authors: Dai Runyu , Uematsu Yoshimasa , Matsuda Yasumasa 
Published: September 2023

Summary
We extend the principal orthogonal complement thresholding (POET) framework by J. Fan, Y. Liao, and M. Mincheva (2013) to estimate large covariance matrices with a ‘mixed’ structure of observable and unobservable strong/weak factors, and we call this method the extended POET (ePOET). Especially, the weak factor structure allows the existence of slowly divergent eigenvalues of the covariance matrix that are frequently observed in real data. Under some mild conditions, we derive the uniform consistency of the proposed estimator for the cases with or without observable factors. Furthermore, several simulation studies show that the ePOET achieves good finite-sample performance regardless of data with strong, weak, or mixed factors structure. Finally, we conduct empirical studies to present the practical usefulness of the ePOET.
Testing a candidate meiotic drive locus identified by pool sequencing
Authors: Barbash Daniel A , Jin Bozhou , Wei Kevin H C , Dion-Côté Anne-Marie 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Meiotic drive biases the transmission of alleles in heterozygous individuals, such that Mendel's law of equal segregation is violated. Most examples of meiotic drive have been discovered over the past century based on causing sex ratio distortion or the biased transmission of easily scoreable genetic markers that were linked to drive alleles. More recently, several approaches have been developed that attempt to identify distortions of Mendelian segregation genome wide. Here, we test a candidate female meiotic drive locus in Drosophila melanogaster, identified previously as causing a ∼54:46 distortion ratio using sequencing of large pools of backcross progeny. We inserted fluorescent visible markers near the candidate locus and scored transmission in thousands of individual progeny. We observed a small but significant deviation from the Mendelian expectation; however, it was in the opposite direction to that predicted based on the original experiments. We discuss several possible causes of the discrepancy between the 2 approaches, noting that subtle viability effects are particularly challenging to disentangle from potential small-effect meiotic drive loci. We conclude that pool sequencing approaches remain a powerful method to identify candidate meiotic drive loci but that genotyping of individual progeny at early developmental stages may be required for robust confirmation.
Application of near-infrared fluorescence imaging in theranostics of gastrointestinal tumors
Authors: Shi Nan-Qing , Cui Xin-Yuan , Zhou Cheng , Tang Ning , Cui Da-Xiang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractGastrointestinal cancers have become an important cause of cancer-related death in humans. Improving the early diagnosis rate of gastrointestinal tumors and improving the effect of surgical treatment can significantly improve the survival rate of patients. The conventional diagnostic method is high-definition white-light endoscopy, which often leads to missed diagnosis. For surgical treatment, intraoperative tumor localization and post-operative anastomotic state evaluation play important roles in the effect of surgical treatment. As a new imaging method, near-infrared fluorescence imaging (NIRFI) has its unique advantages in the diagnosis and auxiliary surgical treatment of gastrointestinal tumors due to its high sensitivity and the ability to image deep tissues. In this review, we focus on the latest advances of NIRFI technology applied in early diagnosis of gastrointestinal tumors, identification of tumor margins, identification of lymph nodes, and assessment of anastomotic leakage. In addition, we summarize the advances of NIRFI systems such as macro imaging and micro imaging systems, and also clearly describe the application process of NIRFI from system to clinical application, and look into the prospect of NIRFI applied in the theranostics of gastrointestinal tumors.
High levels of intra-strain structural variation in Drosophila simulans X pericentric heterochromatin
Authors: Courret Cécile , Larracuente Amanda M 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Large genome structural variations can impact genome regulation and integrity. Repeat-rich regions like pericentric heterochromatin are vulnerable to structural rearrangements although we know little about how often these rearrangements occur over evolutionary time. Repetitive genome regions are particularly difficult to study with genomic approaches, as they are missing from most genome assemblies. However, cytogenetic approaches offer a direct way to detect large rearrangements involving pericentric heterochromatin. Here, we use a cytogenetic approach to reveal large structural rearrangements associated with the X pericentromeric region of Drosophila simulans. These rearrangements involve large blocks of satellite DNA—the 500-bp and Rsp-like satellites—which colocalize in the X pericentromeric heterochromatin. We find that this region is polymorphic not only among different strains, but between isolates of the same strain from different labs, and even within individual isolates. On the one hand, our observations raise questions regarding the potential impact of such variation at the phenotypic level and our ability to control for such genetic variability. On the other hand, this highlights the very rapid turnover of the pericentric heterochromatin most likely associated with genomic instability of the X pericentromere. It represents a unique opportunity to study the dynamics of pericentric heterochromatin, the evolution of associated satellites on a very short time scale, and to better understand how structural variation arises.