bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Safety and Tolerability of Linezolid in Novel Short-Course Regimens Containing Bedaquiline, Pretomanid, and Linezolid to Treat Rifampicin-Resistant Tuberculosis: An Individual Patient Data Meta-analysis
Authors: Hasan Tasnim , Medcalf Ellie , Nyang'wa Bern-Thomas , Egizi Erica , Berry Catherine , Dodd Matthew , Foraida Salah , Gegia Medea , Li Mengchun , Mirzayev Fuad , Morgan Hannah , Motta Ilaria , Nguyen Linh , Schumacher Samuel , Schlub Tim , Fox Greg 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Effectiveness, safety, tolerability, and adherence are critical considerations in shifting to shorter tuberculosis (TB) regimens. Novel 6-month oral regimens that include bedaquiline (B), pretomanid (Pa), and linezolid (L), with or without a fourth drug, have been shown to be as or more effective than the established longer regimens for the treatment of multidrug-resistant/rifampicin-resistant TB (MDR/RR-TB). We aimed to evaluate the safety and tolerability of linezolid in BPaL-containing regimens for the treatment of MDR/RR-TB among recently completed clinical trials.

Methods
A review and meta-analysis was undertaken including published and unpublished data from clinical trials, conducted between 2010 and 2021, that evaluated regimens containing BPaL for the treatment of MDR/RR-TB. Individual patient data were obtained. For each BPaL-containing regimen, we evaluated the frequency and severity of treatment-related adverse events. The risk difference of adverse events for each regimen was calculated, in comparison to patients assigned to receiving the lowest cumulative exposure of linezolid.

Results
Data from 3 clinical trials investigating 8 unique BPaL-containing regimens were included, comprising a total of 591 participants. Adverse events were more frequent in groups randomized to a higher cumulative linezolid dose. Among patients who were randomized to a daily dose of 1200 mg linezolid, 68 of 195 (35%) experienced a grade 3–4 adverse event versus 89 of 396 (22%) patients receiving BPaL-containing regimens containing 600 mg linezolid.

Conclusions
Regimens containing BPaL were relatively well tolerated when they included a daily linezolid dose of 600 mg. These novel regimens promise to improve the tolerability of treatment for MDR/RR-TB.
Complications in patients with cardiogenic shock on veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation therapy: distribution and relevance. Results from an international, multicentre cohort study
Authors: Beer Benedikt N , Kellner Caroline , Goßling Alina , Sundermeyer Jonas , Besch Lisa , Dettling Angela , Kirchhof Paulus , Blankenberg Stefan , Bernhardt Alexander M , Brunner Stefan , Colson Pascal , Eckner Dennis , Frank Derk , Eitel Ingo , Frey Norbert , Eden Matthias , Graf Tobias , Kupka Danny , Landmesser Ulf , Majunke Nicolas , Maniuc Octavian , Möbius-Winkler Sven , Morrow David A , Mourad Marc , Noel Curt , Nordbeck Peter , Orban Martin , Pappalardo Federico , Patel Sandeep M , Pauschinger Matthias , Reichenspurner Hermann , Schulze P Christian , Schwinger Robert H G , Wechsler Antonia , Skurk Carsten , Thiele Holger , Varshney Anubodh S , Sag Can Martin , Krais Jannis , Westermann Dirk , Schrage Benedikt 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Aims
Veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation therapy (VA-ECMO) restores circulation and tissue oxygenation in cardiogenic shock (CS) patients, but can also lead to complications. This study aimed to quantify VA-ECMO complications and analyse their association with overall survival as well as favourable neurological outcome (cerebral performance categories 1 + 2).

Methods and results
All-comer patients with CS treated with VA-ECMO were retrospectively enrolled from 16 centres in four countries (2005–2019). Neurological, bleeding, and ischaemic adverse events (AEs) were considered. From these, typical VA-ECMO complications were identified and analysed separately as device-related complications. n = 501. Overall, 118 were women (24%), median age was 56.0 years, median lactate was 8.1 mmol/L. Acute myocardial infarction caused CS in 289 patients (58%). Thirty-days mortality was 40% (198/501 patients). At least one device-related complication occurred in 252/486 (52%) patients, neurological AEs in 108/469 (23%), bleeding in 192/480 (40%), ischaemic AEs in 123/478 (26%). The 22% of patients with the most AEs accounted for 50% of all AEs. All types of AEs were associated with a worse prognosis. Aside from neurological ones, all AEs and device-related complications were more likely to occur in women; although prediction of AEs outside of neurological AEs was generally poor.

Conclusion
Therapy and device-related complications occur in half of all patients treated with VA-ECMO and are associated with a worse prognosis. They accumulate in some patients, especially in women. Aside from neurological events, identification of patients at risk is difficult, highlighting the need to establish additional quantitative markers of complication risk to guide VA-ECMO treatment in CS.
Socioeconomic inequalities in the uptake of COVID-19 vaccination in Hungary; context and public health implications
Authors: Oroszi B , Juhász A , Nagy C , Horváth J K , Túri G , Koltai J , Ligeti A S , McKee M , Adany R 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Eastern Europe witnessed substantial life expectancy losses in 2021. COVID-19 vaccination coverage was lower, and mortality was higher than in Western Europe. Research suggests an important factor behind lower vaccination coverage is vaccine hesitancy. Our studies aimed to explore spatial inequalities in COVID-19 morbidity, mortality, and vaccination coverage in Hungary and the reasons behind vaccine hesitancy during the 3rd and 4th pandemic waves.

Methods
We characterized COVID-19 morbidity, mortality, and vaccination coverage by indirectly standardized ratios at the municipality level and investigated the association with deprivation. Attitudes towards vaccination were measured by a nationally representative monthly questionnaire survey.

Results
In Hungary, people in the most deprived municipalities had 17-58% higher relative COVID-19 mortality than the national average, although morbidity was significantly lower. COVID-19 vaccination coverage among the least deprived was 9.2% (95% CI 9-9.5%) higher, while in the most deprived areas, it was 38.2% (95% CI 38.0-38.4%) below the national average at the end of the 3rd pandemic wave. In the 10 districts with the highest proportion of the Roma population, vaccination coverage was 56.0% of the national average (95% CI 55.0-64.0%). Inequalities persisted by the end of the 4th pandemic wave. Younger age, lower education, and lower income were major determinants of vaccine refusal. Reasons for refusal mostly resulted from barriers to accessing reliable information and mistrust. Although Hungary has traditionally had high social acceptance of vaccination, the campaign failed to close the gap in COVID-19 mortality. Hungary demonstrates how social inequalities, misinformation, and mistrust can undermine a vaccination program's success. Consistent, credible communication can dispel misconceptions and build trust, which is key to the acceptance of public health measures.
Community engagement for pandemic preparedness and response in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Scoping Review
Authors: Razak G , Fischer H T , Appiah-Brimpong E , Opoku D , Hanefeld J 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Community participation in epidemic and pandemic preparedness and response activities is key for the successful implementation of infection control activities. However, the strategies and approaches used by health authorities and service providers to engage communities is not well documented This scoping review aimed to summarize approaches, and strategies for community engagement for epidemic and pandemic preparedness and response in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Methods
The PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) and the methodological framework for scoping review from Arksey and O'Malley (2005) was used to guide the review. Peer -reviewed, primary research was retrieved from databases including EMBASE, EBSCO-host, PubMed, Global Health, CINAHL, Google Scholar and Web of science. Grey literature was retrieved from websites of international organisations, and of Ministries of Health in African countries. A total of 124 articles were included in the review, and data was extracted and analyzed using a thematic analysis approach.

Results
Community engagement strategies varied widely across different contexts. Four broad categories of approaches were identified: (1) community mobilization, (2) community-based surveillance, (3) social and behavior change communication, and (4) community participation in decision-making. The review also identified key enablers and barriers to community engagement, including factors such as trust, cultural norms, and resource availability.

Conclusions
Effective community engagement for epidemic and pandemic preparedness and response requires a tailored approach that is responsive to the local context, and that addresses the specific needs and concerns of different communities. The review provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge on strategies for community engagement in sub-Saharan Africa and highlights the need for further research and evaluation of community engagement approaches in this context.
Long-COVID in Italy: a country perspective
Authors: Onder G , Floridia M , Giuliano M , Silenzi A , Castriotta L , Pricci F , Grisetti T , Grassi T , Tiple D , Villa M , Brusaferro S 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Introduction
In 2021 the Italian Ministry of Health, recognizing the need to improve knowledge and standardise the approach to Long-COVID nationwide, funded a project, led by the Italian National Institute of Health, with the following objectives: 1) to define the magnitude and impact of Long-COVID; 2) to identify and assess Long-COVID services nationwide; 3) to define Good Clinical Practices for the management of Long-COVID.

Methods
For objective 1, data of 3 Regions (Friuli Venezia Giulia, Tuscany and Apulia), covering a population of about 9 million people, were analysed, comparing service utilization in patients with previous COVID-19 over six months (from end of acute phase) and in controls matched for age, gender and comorbidities. For objective 2, a national survey was performed to map and characterize Long-COVID care services. For objective 3, an expert panel was appointed to produce good practice recommendations.

Results
In objective 1, COVID-19 was associated with higher rates of specialist visits (Incidence Rate Ratio, IRR: 1.88, 95% CI 1.65-2.13), hospitalizations (IRR 1.98, 95% CI 1.66-2.36), and instrumental diagnostic procedures (IRR 2.70, 95% CI 2.28-3.19) in the 6 months after acute infection. This association was stronger in individuals with infection causing hospital and/or ICU admission. For objective 2, 124 Long-COVID care centres were identified nationwide, with a high heterogeneity in services provision and organization. For objective 3, the panel issued National Good Practice Recommendations for Long-COVID, with 17 statements that provide key principles on services organization and patient management.

Conclusions
Results of this project can be used nationally to put in place appropriate measures targeting Long-COVID. Additional ongoing activities include the implementation of a surveillance system for Long-COVID and the development of activities aimed at increasing awareness and knowledge of citizens and health professionals about Long-COVID.
Changes in care utilization by patients in low-income neighborhoods during two Covid-19 waves
Authors: Kocken P L , Sana S , Van Pelt S , Denktaş S 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
During the COVID-19 pandemic, general practitioners’ face-to-face consultations were replaced by remote (telephone or digital) consultations. This study aims to gain insight into the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on GP care and the suitability of remote GP care for patients living in low-income neighborhoods.

Methods
A follow-up study of GP patients in disadvantaged neighborhoods of Rotterdam, using questionnaires at T1, the outbreak of COVID-19 (N = 213) and T2, after one year with gradual easing of COVID-19 measures (N = 133). At T1 and T2, 56% and 61% respectively were female, 61% and 65% 50 years and over, 48% and 53% had low health literacy.

Results
The proportion of patients who used remote or other care, i.e. face-to-face care or contact with assistant (56% and 44% respectively) was at T2 similar to T1. A positive attitude toward remote care declined from T1 to T2 from 71% to 58%. At T1 use of remote care was associated with sex and age, with significantly more females using remote care (OR = 3.22, 95% C.I. 1.57 - 6.59) and less respondents 50 years and over using remote care (OR = 0.46, 95% C.I. 0.22 - 0.97). At T2, remote care use was associated with having a migration background (OR = 2.18, 95% 1.00 - 4.74), financial difficulties (OR = 0.30, 95% 0.11 - 0.81), lack of digital skills (OR = 2.73, 95% 1.19 - 6.26) and a chronic disease (OR = 0.40, 95% 0.19 - 0.87). At multivariate level, the associations of age and digital skills with remote care at both time points T1 and T2, compared to remote care only at T1 or T2 or no remote care, were confounded by chronic disease, with lower remote care use by those with a chronic disease (OR = 0.33, 95% 0.13 - 0.87).

Conclusions
The COVID-19 pandemic rapidly accelerated the use of remote care in Dutch general practices. Experience after one year showed provision of GP remote care should be advised selectively for patients showing vulnerability, such as financial difficulties, low digital skills and chronic diseases.

Key messages
• At the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, patients were willing to receive GP care remotely and provision was depending on general characteristics sex and age.
• Remote GP care is less suitable for vulnerable older patients, patients with financial difficulties and those with low digital skills or chronic diseases living in low-income neighborhoods.
Screen Sustenance: Representations of Food and Drink in Film and Media
Authors: O'Brien D 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This ten-minute video essay will blend together a range of clips from classic and contemporary films (documentary and fiction), as well as television, social media and computer gaming, to consider how food and drink is represented on screen. From early subliminal messaging in movie theatres to “drink Coca Cola” (a practice now illegal) to the modern social status of the ‘viral’ energy/hydration drink, Prime, promoted by YouTubers, food and drink has had a significant relationship upon a range of screen media. In computer gaming it is often synonymous with restoring an avatar's health, while in film and popular programming it can offer a gustatory sensation to viewers through a process of synaesthesia as taste is conveyed through sound and vision. The video essay will consider all of these angles, showcasing the palatable as well as the unsavoury through a range of examples which includes films such as Peter Strickland's Flux Gourmet (2022), Morgan Spurlock's Super-Size Me (2004) and Andrea Arnold's Cow (2021).Fusing a range of gaming, television and social media ingredients together, the video essay is served to help think about the role food and drinks has, and continues to play, within film and screen culture.
COVID-19 impact on pathological cancer diagnoses in Netherlands, Aotearoa New Zealand, & N. Ireland
Authors: Mitchell H , McLean J , Gavin A T , Visser O , Millar E , Luff T , Bennett D 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic was managed in Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ) by a COVID-19 elimination policy, involving border closure and an initial national lockdown. This was different to most other countries including Northern Ireland (NI) and the Netherlands (NED). We quantify the effect of these policies on the diagnosis of three major cancers comparing NZ with these two European countries.

Methods
Data from NED, NZ and NI population-based cancer registries were used to assess trends in all pathologically diagnosed (PD) lung, breast, and colorectal cancers from March to December 2020 (COVID period) and compared to the similar pre-pandemic period 2017-2019. Trend data were also collated on COVID-19 cases and deaths per 100,000 in each population.

Results
Comparing the pre-pandemic period to the COVID-19 period there were statistically significant reductions in numbers of lung (↓23%) and colorectal (↓15%) PD cancers in NI and numbers of breast (↓18%) and colorectal cancer (↓18.5%) diagnosed in the NED. In NZ there was no significant change in the number of lung (↑10%) or breast cancers (↑0.2%) but a statistically significant increase in numbers of colorectal cancer diagnosed (↑5%).

Conclusions
The impact of COVID-19 on cancer services was mitigated in NZ as services continued as usual reflecting minimal healthcare disruption and protected cancer services linked with the elimination approach adopted. The reduction in PD cases diagnosed in NED and NI were linked with higher COVID-19 rates and reflect societal restrictions which resulted in delayed patient presentation to primary and secondary care, disruption to screening and healthcare services because of COVID-19 infections on staff and the need to shift intensive care to COVID-19 patients.

Key messages
• Reductions in PD cancers in NI and the NED and in particularly lung cancers in NI, highlight the need for targeted public health campaigns to identify and treat ‘missing’ patients.
• Protecting cancer services should be a priority in any future pandemic or systemic healthcare system disruption.
A review of implementation and evaluation frameworks for public health to inform co-creation
Authors: Longworth G R , Goh K , Agnello D M , Messiha K , Beeckman M , Zapata-Restrepo J R , Cardon G , Chastin S , Giné-Garriga M 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Co-creation is a promising approach attempting to bridge the knowledge translation gap between research and practice to tackle complex and wicked public health problems. While implementation and evaluation frameworks for public health interventions are numerous and include relevant elements, recommendations are lacking on how to apply them specifically to the context of co-creation. This systematic review identifies and analyses existing implementation and evaluation frameworks for public health interventions and formulates key recommendations for professional stakeholders and researchers wanting to adopt a co-creation approach to intervention.

Methods
PubMed and CINAHL databases were screened for articles introducing original implementation and evaluation frameworks for public health interventions. Backward snowballing techniques were applied to the included papers. Identified frameworks were classified and the content of the recognized frameworks extracted and analysed through deductive thematic analysis.

Results
Thirty frameworks were identified, classified according to most recent literature and prominent concepts and steps extracted. Recommendations around the use of identified frameworks for the context of co-creation were included.

Conclusions
When engaging in co-creation, we recommend including implementation considerations from an early stage and suggest adopting a systems thinking as a way to explore multiple levels of influence, contextual settings and systems from an early planning stage. We suggest applying an evaluation design that is formative and iterative, which, along with effectiveness, pays particular attention to the process evaluation and experience of the engaged co-creators.

Key messages
• When adopting co-creation for public health, we recommend repositioning implementation and evaluation considerations.
• When adopting co-creation for public health, we suggest applying a formative and iterative evaluation, which, along with effectiveness, pays attention to process and experience.
Design of a school-based stroke preparedness intervention: challenges in acute diseases recognition
Authors: Volevach E , Schneider F , Maršálková H , Mikulík R 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Timely activation of emergency medical services (EMS) by bystanders is important and it can improve outcomes of acute diseases such as stroke in Europe. Since there are no effective interventions addressing the complexity of help-seeking behaviour in the event of stroke, this study describes the development of the Czech “HOBIT” programme, which educates secondary school children to correctly activate the EMS.

Methods
Intervention Mapping was used to guide the development of the intervention using theory and evidence, as well as principles of co-creation. A needs assessment was completed by reviewing the evidence and interviewing stroke survivors. It identified sub-behaviours and their determinants. The information obtained was utilised to select the methods of behaviour change and their practical applications. In the last phase, the intervention tools were created.

Results
The needs assessment revealed stroke recognition and assessment as well as ambulance call as the main behaviours that must be done for EMS activation. Risk perception, outcome expectations, social influences, knowledge, and skills were revealed as important determinants of above behaviours. Modelling was selected as a method for the behaviour change. Based on discussions with 157 children aged 11-15, the format of an entertainment-education video was chosen. Incorporation of the modelling parameters (engagement, transplantation, identification) into the video was assessed during discussions with 15 children (scored &gt;4 on the 5-point scale). As a result, a 5-minute entertainment video, modelling an acute stroke with a child as the main bystander was created.

Conclusions
The innovative educational video teaches children to correctly activate the EMS in stroke by modelling a real-life situation. Our results enable future projects to build on our findings to create the intervention for supporting behaviours in acute events that cannot be trained by direct experience.

Key messages
• Using the systematic approach built on co-creation with stakeholders is a significant foundation for the development of an effective intervention to improve timely activation of the EMS in stroke.
• The current paper provides a comprehensive roadmap to help health promoters approach structured planning for behaviour change in acute diseases response.