bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of self‐compassion and compassion toward others in burnout syndrome in a sample of medical students
Authors: Ramos‐Vidal Ignacio , Ruíz Érika 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBurnout produces negative effects on academic performance, and, in turn, feelings of inefficiency that are detrimental to students' psychosocial well‐being. The aim of this research is to determine the effects that self‐compassion and compassion toward others have on various burnout dimensions in a sample of medical students. A total of 235 medical students (61.7% women) aged between 16 and 32 years old (M = 19.82;SD = 2.37) belonging to a Colombian university participated. A cluster analysis to segment the population according to burnout was carried out along with nonparametric contrasts to identify differences in the levels of self‐compassion and compassion toward others between each profile. A series of regression analyses was designed to find out how each type of compassion was associated with burnout on each profile. The cluster analysis allowed us to identify three profiles. The low‐involvement profile (n = 51) is characterized by low depersonalization, intermediate levels of emotional exhaustion and personal accomplishment and exhibits low levels of self‐compassion and compassion fatigue compared with the other profiles. The positive‐adaptation profile (n = 104) is characterized by low depersonalization levels, intermediate degrees of emotional exhaustion and high levels of personal accomplishment and exhibits the highest levels of self‐compassion and compassion fatigue compared with the other profiles. The high‐demand profile (n = 104) is characterized by intermediate depersonalization levels, medium–high levels of emotional exhaustion and high levels of personal accomplishment and exhibits intermediate levels of self‐compassion and low levels of compassion fatigue. Establishing profiles based on burnout allows students to be segmented and for precise knowledge to be acquired about the effects that both types of compassion have on the dimensions of burnout.
Perifoveal and peripheral attentional modulation on order perception
Authors: Luo Yingrui , He Ying , Bao Yan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe present study demonstrates that spatial attention modulates temporal order perception differently in the perifoveal and peripheral regions, with a more pronounced effect in the left peripheral visual field, suggesting a dissociation in attentional systems for event timing at the sub‐second level.
Cancer patients' expectations of advance care planning: A typological content analysis of qualitative interviews
Authors: Pedrosa Anna J. , Demel Lara , Riera Knorrenschild Jorge , Seifart Carola , von Blanckenburg Pia 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundAdvance care planning (ACP) can help to elicit cancer patients' preferences in a discussion process to promote person‐centred medical decision‐making. Expectations are known to be highly relevant determinants of decisional processes. So far, however, little is known about cancer patients' expectations of ACP that lead to acceptance or refusal of the programme. The presented study, therefore, aims to explore cancer patients' expectations of ACP.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with a purposeful sample of 27 cancer patients consenting to or refusing a newly implemented ACP programme in a German university hospital. Data were analysed using typological content analysis.ResultsWe identified five different expectation clusters in relation to ACP. Consenting participants held expectations about the impact of ACP that were either ‘ego‐centred’ or ‘family‐centred’. Refusers had expectations based on ignorance and misinformation, or—if they had already completed an advance directive—expectations to avoid unpleasant redundancy, perceiving no additional benefit but a burden from ACP. Finally, refusers in particular expressed expectations of delegated responsibility at the end of life, including anticipation of proxy decision‐making.ConclusionOur study results suggest that expectation‐modifying measures could be taken to positively influence cancer patients' expectations and thus the acceptance of ACP. In this respect, reducing ignorance and misguided expectations plays a decisive role. Especially in family constellations with expected delegation of responsibility and dependence at the end of life, it might be important to promote ACP as a family‐intervention to improve family outcomes.
Beauveria bassiana biogenic nanoparticles for the control of Noctuidae pests
Authors: Guilger‐Casagrande Mariana , Migliorini Bianca Bertolini , Germano‐Costa Tais , Bilesky‐José Natália , Harada Liliam Katsue , Campos Estefânia Vangelie Ramos , Gonçalves Kelly Cristina , Polanczyk Ricardo Antonio , Fraceto Leonardo Fernandes , Lima Renata 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDBiogenic metallic and oxide metal nanoparticles have potential as alternatives for several current problems in agriculture, such as the control of caterpillars which cause huge losses in the production of important crops. In the present study, capped and uncapped silver, iron oxide and titanium dioxide nanoparticles were synthesized from the filtrate of Beauveria bassiana and evaluated in regard to physico‐chemical characteristics, capping composition, cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and biological activity on Helicoverpa armigera and Spodoptera frugiperda caterpillars.RESULTSA difference in the physico‐chemical parameters of the capped and uncapped nanoparticles was observed, with larger aggregation and lower stability of the uncapped. In regard to the study of the capping, the presence of functional groups of biomolecules as well as the activity of B. bassiana hydrolytic enzymes were observed. Cytotoxic effects on the tested cell lines were not observed and DNA damage levels increased with more intense effects of the uncapped nanoparticles. In regard to the biological activity against Noctuidae pests, the uncapped and capped iron oxide, and uncapped titanium dioxide nanoparticles occasioned higher mortality (76%, 60% and 51%, respectively) but no differences in LC50 were recorded. Moreover, sublethal effects were reported on Helicoverpa armigera whereas Spodoptera frugiperda showed low susceptibility to the nanoparticles.CONCLUSIONThe results demonstrate that biogenic metallic and oxide metal nanoparticles might show promising effects for the control of caterpillars which cause damage on important agricultural crops. Further investigations are necessary to understand the mechanisms of action and optimize the biological activity of these new nanomaterials. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Kids Mod PAH trial: A multicenter trial comparing mono‐ versus duo‐therapy for initial treatment of pediatric pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Collaco Joseph M. , Abman Steven H. , Austin Eric D. , Avitabile Catherine M. , Bates Angela , Fineman Jeffrey R. , Freire Grace A. , Handler Stephanie S. , Ivy Dunbar D. , Krishnan Usha S. , Mullen Mary P. , Varghese Nidhy P. , Yung Delphine , Nies Melanie K. , Everett Allen D. , Zimmerman Kanecia O. , Simmons William , Chakraborty Hrishikesh , Yenokyan Gayane , Newell‐Sturdivant Allison , Christensen Eric , Eyzaguirre Lindsay M. , Hanley Daniel F. , Rosenzweig Erika B. , Romer Lewis H. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPulmonary hypertension (PH) is a significant health problem that contributes to high morbidity and mortality in diverse cardiac, pulmonary, and systemic diseases in children. Evidence‐based advances in PH care have been challenged by a paucity of quality endpoints for assessing clinical course and the lack of robust clinical trial data to guide pharmacologic therapies in children. While the landmark adult AMBITION trial demonstrated the benefit of up‐front combination PH therapy with ambrisentan and tadalafil, it remains unknown whether upfront combination therapy leads to more rapid and sustained clinical benefits in children with various categories of PH. In this article, we describe the inception of the Kids Mod PAH Trial, a multicenter Phase III trial, to address whether upfront combination therapy (sildenafil and bosentan vs. sildenafil alone) improves PH outcomes in children, recognizing that marked differences between the etiology and therapeutic response between adults and children exist. The primary endpoint of this study is WHO functional class (FC) 12 months after initiation of study drug therapy. In addition to the primary outcome, secondary endpoints are being assessed, including a composite measure of time to clinical worsening, WHO FC at 24 months, echocardiographic assessment of PH and quantitative assessment of right ventricular function, 6‐min walk distance, and NT‐proBNP levels. Exploratory endpoints include selected biomarkers, actigraphy, and assessments of quality of life. This study is designed to pave the way for additional clinical trials by establishing a robust infrastructure through the development of a PPHNet Clinical Trials Network.
Acute pneumonitis caused by oral intake of incense
Authors: Yamasaki Kei , Shigemi Saki , Chiba Yosuke , Kawaguchi Takako , Dosaka Hiroki , Ishiguro Yutaka , Yatera Kazuhiro 
Published: October 2023

Key messageIncense is typically burned for use, with bronchitis and pneumonia reported as potential side effects. Physicians should be cautious as inappropriate oral ingestion of incense can lead to acute pneumonitis.
Sperm DNA fragmentation testing in clinical management of reproductive medicine
Authors: Adler Ava , Roth Bradley , Lundy Scott D. , Takeshima Teppei , Yumura Yasushi , Kuroda Shinnosuke 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundApproximately 8%–12% of couples worldwide face infertility, with infertility of individuals assigned male at birth (AMAB) contributing to at least 50% of cases. Conventional semen analysis commonly used to detect sperm abnormalities is insufficient, as 30% of AMAB patients experiencing infertility show normal results in this test. From a genetic perspective, the assessment of sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) is important as a parameter of sperm quality.MethodsIn this narrative study, we review and discuss pathophysiological causes, DNA repair mechanisms, and management of high SDF. We then summarize literature exploring the association between SDF and reproductive outcomes.Main FindingsRecent systematic reviews and meta‐analyses have revealed a significant association between high SDF in AMAB individuals and adverse reproductive outcomes including embryo development, natural conception, intrauterine insemination, and in vitro fertilization. However, the association with live birth rates and pregnancy rates following intracytoplasmic injection remains inconclusive. The disparities among quantitative assays, inconsistent reference range values, absent high‐quality prospective clinical trials, and clinical heterogeneity in AMAB patients with elevated SDF represent the main limitations affecting SDF testing.ConclusionThe evaluation and management of SDF plays an important role in a subset of AMAB infertility, but widespread integration into clinical guidelines will require future high‐quality clinical trials and assay standardization.
Consideration of utilizable amino acid content in the context of dietary protein quality assessment
Authors: Adhikari Shiksha , de Boer Imke J. M. , van Hal Ollie , Huppertz Thom 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCurrent evaluation systems for protein quality focus only on indispensable amino acids (IAAs) and do not consider the dispensable amino acids (DAAs). However, at excess levels of IAAs, DAAs may become limiting. Here, we used published ileal amino acid digestibility data determined in growing pigs and currently assumed protein and IAA recommendations to estimate utilizable, oxidized, and non‐absorbed amino acids in different dietary protein and to compare these utilizable amino acid values to digestible indispensable amino acid score (DIAAS) values. For dietary protein sources with a DIAAS value <90, the amount of calculated utilizable amino acids increased proportionally with the DIAAS value according to “utilizable amino acids (mg/g protein) = DIAAS × 10”; for dietary protein sources with a DIAAS value >90, the amount of utilizable amino acid stays within the range 800–1000 mg/g protein. Cereals contained the lowest levels of utilizable amino acids and the highest amount of oxidized amino acids. Dairy and meat have the highest amount of utilizable amino acids followed by nuts and pulses. For many mixtures of protein sources, the highest value for utilizable amino acids, which considers both IAAs and DAAs, occurred at a different ratio of protein sources than the maximum DIAAS value, which only considers IAAs. From this theoretical study and based on the assumptions made, we conclude that estimation of utilizable amino acids from data typically reported in DIAAS studies further enables complementary insights next to DIAAS values. Careful consideration of protein and IAA requirements is critical in further work.
Bemessungsvorschlag für geschraubte, polygonale Endplatten bei runden Hohlprofilen unter Zug
Authors: Timmers Ralph , Lang Robert 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRunde Hohlprofile unter Zugbelastung werden üblicherweise auch durch runde Endplatten miteinander verbunden. Eine einfach zu fertigende Alternative stellen polygonale Endplatten mit 4, 6, 8, 12 Ecken bzw. Schrauben dar. Zur Bemessung kann das sog. T‐Stummel‐Modell der EN 1993‐1‐8 verwendet werden. Allerdings fehlen in der Norm die hierfür erforderlichen effektiven Längen der Fließlinien. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden die Traglasten und die kinematischen Versagensmechanismen solcher Verbindungen mit der Discontinuity Layout Optimization (DLO) Methode ermittelt. Die Mechanismen werden analytisch aufgearbeitet und die effektiven Längen der Fließlinien in Form eines praxistauglichen Bemessungsmodells angegeben. Ein Vergleich des Bemessungsvorschlags mit den Traglasten der DLO‐Methode zeigt eine gute Übereinstimmung, mit vereinzelten Abweichungen von maximal 10 % zur unsicheren Seite.
Chronic GCPII (glutamate‐carboxypeptidase‐II) inhibition reduces pT217Tau levels in the entorhinal and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices of aged macaques
Authors: Bathla Shveta , Datta Dibyadeep , Liang Feng , Barthelemy Nicolas , Wiseman Robyn , Slusher Barbara S , Asher Jennifer , Zeiss Caroline , Ekanayake‐Alper Dil , Holden Daniel , Terwilliger Gordon , Duque Alvaro , Arellano Jon , van Dyck Christopher , Bateman Randall J. , Xie Zhongcong , Nairn Angus C. , Arnsten Amy F. T. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIntroductionCurrent approaches for treating sporadic Alzheimer's disease (sAD) focus on removal of amyloid beta 1‐42 (Aβ1‐42) or phosphorylated tau, but additional strategies are needed to reduce neuropathology at earlier stages prior to neuronal damage. Longstanding data show that calcium dysregulation is a key etiological factor in sAD, and the cortical neurons most vulnerable to tau pathology show magnified calcium signaling, for example in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and entorhinal cortex (ERC). In primate dlPFC and ERC, type 3 metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR3s) are predominately post‐synaptic, on spines, where they regulate cAMP‐calcium signaling, a process eroded by inflammatory glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII) actions. The current study tested whether enhancing mGluR3 regulation of calcium via chronic inhibition of GCPII would reduce tau hyperphosphorylation in aged macaques with naturally‐occurring tau pathology.MethodsAged rhesus macaques were treated daily with the GCPII inhibitor, 2‐MPPA (2‐3‐mercaptopropyl‐penanedioic acid (2‐MPPA)),Aged rhesus macaques were treated daily with the GCPII inhibitor, 2‐MPPA (2‐3‐mercaptopropyl‐penanedioic acid (2‐MPPA)),ResultsAged macaques that received 2‐MPPA had significantly lower pT217Tau levels in dlPFC and ERC, and had lowered plasma pT217Tau levels from baseline. pT217Tau levels correlated significantly with GCPII activity in dlPFC. Both 2‐MPPA‐ and vehicle‐treated monkeys showed cognitive improvement; 2‐MPPA had no apparent side effects. Exploratory CSF analyses indicated reduced pS202Tau with 2‐MPPA administration, confirmed in dlPFC samples.DiscussionThese data provide proof‐of‐concept support that GCPII inhibition can reduce tau hyperphosphorylation in the primate cortices most vulnerable in sAD. GCPII inhibition may be particularly helpful in reducing the risk of sAD caused by inflammation. These data in nonhuman primates should encourage future research on this promising mechanism.Highlights
Inflammation is a key driver of sporadic Alzheimer's disease.
GCPII inflammatory signaling in brain decreases mGluR3 regulation of calcium.
Chronic inhibition of GCPII inflammatory signaling reduced pT217Tau in aged monkeys.
GCPII inhibition is a novel strategy to help prevent tau pathology at early stages.
Politics and Intelligence: Running Against the Cognitive Elite
Authors: Tucker William H. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWhile Herrnsteinand Murray believed firmly in genetic inequality, which, they argued, both explained and justified social and economic inequality, they also vigorously supported political equality; indeed, they suggested that humans could not be equal “in any other sense.” Citing the beliefs of the founding fathers as support, they asserted that “the best government was one that most efficiently brought the natural aristocracy to high positions.” And they expressed confidence that the “common people” had the good sense to choose what Madison called “men of virtue and wisdom” to govern—that is, those members of the cognitive elite prepared for such a role by their natural ability and their broad education in “history, literature, arts, ethics, and the sciences.” The great majority of citizens—that 95 percent not as intelligent as the cognitive elite—might not possess the right characteristics for the governing class, but, according to The Bell Curve, they could be counted on to recognize those who did.
Conclusion: Addressing Inequality
Authors: Tucker William H. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAlthough it was Herrnstein’s writing in the early 1970s that began widespread discussion of the concept, and The Bell Curve, which he co-authored with Murray that continued it, the truth is that the notion of a “meritocracy” has become an abiding conviction across much of the political spectrum in the United States. The belief that society’s “winners” deserve their hugely disproportionate share of resources because they are better—i.e., smarter—than others is not unique to conservatives and libertarians like Murray; it is also an article of faith for much of the so-called “New Democratic” establishment that has controlled the party from the Clintonthrough the Obama administrations. For both conservatives and many liberals, the meritocratic faith is not so much a way to explain inequality as to rationalize it; high-ranking officials involved in economic policy in both Republicanand Democratic administrations have considered inequality not only inevitable but the appropriate reflection of people’s economic value.
Conclusion
Authors: Mooij Annelieke 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe Metaverse will provide us with new opportunities to enjoy the internet. Through the Metaverse society can enjoy the internet in 3D. This brings new ways to interact and is creating new economies. The possibilities of the Metaverse to facilitate social interactions and to create more affordable luxuries are endless. Unfortunately there is also a dark side to the possibilities. Where there are good intentions there are also bad intentions. The Metaverse is already full of them. The combination of anonymous, fast and without the need for third party international payments risks money laundering and the financing of terrorism. This book has discussed the precise risks of MLFT with regard to the Metaverse and the adeptness of the current regulatory framework.
Variable stars in the field of the Galactic bulge globular cluster NGC 6522
Authors: Arellano Ferro A. , Prudil Z. , Yepez M. A. , Bustos Fierro I. , Luna A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe present a comprehensive analysis of the variable stars projected on the field of the Galactic bulge globular cluster NGC 6522, offering valuable insights into their characteristics. Using proper motions from Gaia-DR3, we aim to distinguish between field stars and true cluster members. For an accurate color-magnitude diagram of the member stars, we produced a differential reddening map. We detect and discuss the peculiarities of variable stars of the types RR Lyrae, type II Cepheids, Long Period Variables (LPV) and eclipsing binaries, whose light curves are available through the OGLE III and IV databases. Notably, we explore the variable V24, which shows a prominent phase modulation resulting from period changes in a time scale of 1100 days. The variable stars among the cluster members serve as indicators of the cluster metallicity and distance; these determinations are based on their light curves. With the Fourier light curve decomposition of three RRc stars, we have derived the following cluster parameters: the metallicity in the spectroscopic scale $\text{[Fe/H]}_{\mathrm{UVES}}=-1.16 \pm 0.09$

[Fe/H]
UVES

=
−
1.16
±
0.09
; and the mean distance $D=8.77 \pm 0.16$
D
=
8.77
±
0.16
kpc.
Methods that shaped telomerase research
Authors: Bartle Louise , Wellinger Raymund J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTelomerase, the ribonucleoprotein (RNP) responsible for telomere maintenance, has a complex life. Complex in that it is made of multiple proteins and an RNA, and complex because it undergoes many changes, and passes through different cell compartments. As such, many methods have been developed to discover telomerase components, delve deep into understanding its structure and function and to figure out how telomerase biology ultimately relates to human health and disease. While some old gold-standard methods are still key for determining telomere length and measuring telomerase activity, new technologies are providing promising new ways to gain detailed information that we have never had access to before. Therefore, we thought it timely to briefly review the methods that have revealed information about the telomerase RNP and outline some of the remaining questions that could be answered using new methodology.
Corruption in Bank Lending: The Role of Culturally Endorsed Leadership Prototypes
Authors: Gaganis Chrysovalantis , Pasiouras Fotios , Tasiou Menelaos 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis paper examines the impact of three culturally endorsed leadership prototypes on bank lending corruption. We bring together studies that approach the corruption of bank lending officers from the perspective of a principal-agent problem and studies from the leadership literature, suggesting leadership as an alternative to contractual solutions to agency problems. We hypothesize, based on these views, that culturally endorsed leadership styles that improve (worsen) the leader-subordinate relationships have a negative (positive) effect on bank lending corruption. Using a sample of around 3,500 firms from 36 countries, we find that the prosocial leadership prototype and the nonautonomous leadership prototype do not matter, whereas the self-serving leadership prototype has a positive and statistically significant effect on bank lending corruption. These findings are robust to the inclusion of various control variables in the regressions, and alternative estimation approaches, including ones that account for endogeneity concerns. Furthermore, we find that the power of bank regulators and the age of the credit information sharing mechanism play a moderating role in the relationship between the self-serving leadership prototype and bank lending corruption.