bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interruption of agitation of platelet concentrates: effects on in vitro parameters
Authors: Van Der Meer P. F. , Gulliksson H. , AuBuchon J. P. , Prowse C. , Richter E. , De Wildt‐Eggen J. ,   for the Biomedical Excellence for Safer Transfusion (BEST) Collaborative
Published: May 2005

Background and Objectives  When platelet concentrates (PCs) are shipped from one centre to another, they may remain unagitated for a considerable period of time. It was therefore our aim to study the effects of interruption of agitation on the in vitro parameters of PCs stored in platelet additive solutions.Materials and Methods  In this multicentre study, PCs were prepared either by apheresis or from pooled buffy coats, paired to minimize donor‐dependent differences, and aliquoted into 3 units with a ‘low concentration’ (≈ 1 × 109 platelets/ml; groups A, B and C) and 3 units with a ‘high concentration’ (≈ 2 × 109 platelets/ml; groups D, E and F). The final composition of the storage medium was 30% plasma and 70% additive solution in all PCs. Either PASIIIM or Composol was used as the additive solution. Agitation was interrupted for 2 days (between days 3 and 5, groups A and D), or for 4 days (between days 1 and 5, groups B and E), and continuous agitation served as the reference (groups C and F). A number of in vitro parameters were used for testing on days 1, 5 and 7.Results  On day 7, reference units C and F in PASIIIM had significantly higher pH values than the study units in PASIIIM, but all retained a pH of > 6·5 at 37 °C. Hypotonic shock response (HSR) results were significantly lower in the high concentration/4‐day interruption group (E) than in the other groups. The low‐concentration groups in PASIIIM, with agitation interrupted for either 2 days (group A) or 4 days (group B), did not have HSR values significantly different from the respective references. Study groups A, B, D and E in Composol, a solution lacking phosphate, had a pH of ≈ 6·5 on day 7, which was significantly lower than that of the references and of the corresponding units in PASIIIM. The pH values were > 7·0 in reference groups C and F in Composol, not significantly different from those in PASIIIM. HSR values were also significantly lower in the Composol study groups. On the other hand, the reference Composol groups showed results similar to units in PASIIIM.Conclusions  PCs in PASIIIM additive solution with a platelet concentration of ≈ 1 × 109/ml can sustain 4 days without agitation. Phosphate may be of importance in maintaining good in vitro characteristics during interruption of agitation.
International collaborative study to evaluate a candidate reference preparation to define an appropriate specified limit of anti‐D in intravenous immunoglobulin products
Authors: Thorpe S. J. , Fox B. , Heath A. , Dolman C. , Virata M. L. , Yu M. W. , Thorpe R. 
Published: May 2005

Background and Objectives  The aim of the study was to evaluate a lyophilized intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) preparation containing anti‐D (02/228; nominal reciprocal titre of 8) for its suitability to define the maximum limit of anti‐D in IVIG products when used in a proposed reference method of direct haemagglutination of papain‐treated erythrocytes, in an international collaborative study.Materials and Methods  Twenty laboratories tested 02/228 along with a negative control IVIG preparation and four IVIG samples containing different levels of anti‐D. Nineteen laboratories performed direct haemagglutination methodology using papain‐treated erythrocytes; five of these laboratories and one additional laboratory performed their in‐house haemagglutination methodology (all indirect antiglobulin tests).Results  The mode titre of 02/228, obtained by using the proposed reference method, was 8 (62·5% of tests). However, there was wide variation in haemagglutination titres between laboratories for three of the four samples. Correcting the titres of the samples relative to those of the proposed reference preparation reduced the interlaboratory variability and increased the frequency of the mode titres in three out of four samples. The indirect antiglobulin tests also showed wide interlaboratory variability and were less sensitive than the direct method in four laboratories. Eleven of the 14 laboratories that expressed an opinion considered that the level of anti‐D in 02/228 was appropriate to define a specified limit.Conclusions  Our results demonstrate the necessity of using a reference preparation to define the maximum level of anti‐D in IVIG products and ensure sufficient sensitivity in haemagglutination testing methodology. On the basis of these results, members of the European Pharmacopoeia Expert Group 6B recommended revision of the appropriate monograph to include this new specification and test. The Food and Drug Administration in the USA intends to adopt the same maximal specification defined by the reference preparation and to recommend the same test for the safety of IVIG products. Preparations 02/228 and 02/226 were also established by the World Health Organization as International Reference Reagents to standardize haemagglutination testing for anti‐D in normal IVIG products.
Blood group genotype analysis for the quality improvement of reagent test red blood cells
Authors: Hult A. , Hellberg Å. , Wester E. S. , Olausson P. , Storry J. R. , Olsson M. L. 
Published: May 2005

Background and Objectives  Reagent red blood cells (RBCs) for antibody detection should express certain important antigens as a double dose, that is, the donors must be homozygous for the corresponding alleles. Traditionally, dose is determined by serological typing and known allele frequencies. However, RHD zygosity cannot be predicted serologically owing to the absence of an antithetical antigen, and FY zygosity is confounded by two variant haplotypes, FY*0 and FY*X. Furthermore, lack of reagents hampers our ability to type for some clinically important antigen pairs such as Doa/Dob.Materials and Methods  Genomic DNA was isolated from reagent RBC samples. Established, validated methods were used to determine the RHD, FY, and DO genotypes.Results  Three of 52 D+ samples gave results that differed from the predicted genotype: two presumed R1R1 samples and an R2R2 sample were shown to be R1r′ and R2r″, respectively. Five of 59 samples that were from presumed homozygotes for either FY*A or FY*B were heterozygous, together with either FY*X (three samples) or FY*0 (two samples). Seventy‐five samples tested for DO were DO*A/A (n = 14), DO*A/B (n = 39), or DO*B/B (n = 22).Conclusions  The results show that serologically determined RhD and Duffy phenotypes of reagent RBCs are unreliable and that antigens we thought were represented as a double dose were single dose. The addition of Dombrock genotyping provides information which is useful in antibody identification. We conclude that selected genotype analyses are a valuable quality assurance measure to ensure that reagent RBCs comply with national and international recommendations for test sensitivity.
The Abantuphenotype in the ABO blood group system is due to a splice‐site mutation in a hybrid between a newO1‐like allelic lineage and theA2allele
Authors: Hosseini‐Maaf B. , Smart E. , Chester M. A. , Olsson M. L. 
Published: May 2005

Background and Objectives Many phenotypic variations in the expression of blood group A have been explained by variations in gene structure, but unresolved samples are frequently encountered in the reference laboratory. Among ABO subgroups, Abantuhas the highest frequency in a specified population. The molecular basis of this phenotype is now described.Materials and Methods Blood from Black donors phenotyped as Abantuwas subjected to genomicABOscreening and direct sequencing of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐amplifiedABOexons 1–7 and introns 2–6. Total RNA was extracted andABOcDNA was synthesized by reverse transcription (RT)–PCR. Control material comprised Black South African, Swedish, Jordanian and Brazilian blood samples with common phenotypes.Results GenomicABOtyping indicated the presence of anA2allele in each Abantudonor, in combination with anOallele. No previously reported mutations associated with weak A or B expression were found. Direct sequencing indicated the commonA2sequence with a single nucleotide deletion (AGGT>AGT) at the exon 4/intron 4 junction, predicted either to disrupt the reading frame (resulting in a premature stop codon) or to cause erroneous splicing (resulting in the exclusion of exon 4 from the mRNA).OmRNA, but no transcripts from theAbantuallele, could be detected. Surprisingly, the splice‐site mutation was also found in ≈ 5% ofOalleles in Black South Africans, but not in other blood donors, or in non‐O1alleles. Utilizing intron polymorphisms, theAbantuallele was shown to be a recombination between a new allelic lineage (O1bantu) andA2, with a cross‐over region near exon 5.Conclusion The Abantuphenotype is caused by anO1bantu–A2hybrid at theABOlocus.
Perioperative stimulation of erythropoiesis with intravenous iron and erythropoietin reduces transfusion requirements in patients with hip fracture. A prospective observational study
Authors: García‐Erce J. A. , Cuenca J. , Muñoz M. , Izuel M. , Martínez A. A. , Herrera A. , Solano V. M. , Martínez F. 
Published: May 2005

Background and Objectives  Patients undergoing surgery for hip fracture (HF) often receive perioperative allogeneic blood transfusions (ABT) to avoid anaemia. However, concerns about the adverse effects of ABT have prompted the review of transfusion practice and the search for a safer treatment of perioperative anaemia.Materials and Methods  We prospectively investigated the effect of a blood‐saving protocol of perioperative iron sucrose (3 × 200 mg/48 h, intravenously) plus erythropoietin (1 × 40 000 IU, subcutaneously) if admission haemoglobin level < 130 g/l, on transfusion requirements and postoperative morbid‐mortality in patients with HF (group 2; n= 83). A parallel series of 41 HF patients admitted to another surgical unit within the same hospital served as the control group (group 1). Perioperative blood samples were taken for haematimetric, iron metabolism and inflammatory parameter determination.Results  This blood‐saving protocol reduced the number of transfused patients (P < 0·001), the number of transfused units (P < 0·0001), increased the reticulocyte count and improved iron metabolism. In addition, the blood‐saving protocol also reduced the rate of postoperative infections (P = 0·016), but not the 30‐day mortality rate or the mean length of hospital stay.Conclusions  The blood‐saving protocol implemented seems to reduce ABT requirements in patients with HF, and is associated with a lower postoperative morbidity. The possible mechanisms involved in these effects are discussed.
Human platelet antigen genotyping by using sequence‐specific primers and the particle gel agglutination assay
Authors: Meyer O. , Abou‐Chaker K. , Heymann G. , Bombard S. , Kiesewetter H. , Salama A. 
Published: May 2005

Background and Objectives  Polymerase chain reaction using sequence‐specific primers (PCR–SSP) is currently the most widely used technique for human platelet antigen (HPA) genotyping. Here, we describe a novel particle gel‐agglutination technique for simplified visualization of the amplified products.Materials and Methods  Biotinylated primers were used to amplify HPA‐1, ‐2, ‐3, ‐4, ‐5, ‐6, and ‐15, and the PCR products were incubated with streptavidin particles. Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)‐labelled primers [amplifying a fragment of the human growth hormone (HGH) gene] and anti‐FITC‐coated particles were used as internal controls. Agglutination of the particles in or on top of the gel indicated specific amplification. A total of 100 samples from blood donors was tested by using this new technique and a standard PCR–SSP protocol.Results  The use of biotinylated sequence‐specific primers resulted in PCR products that agglutinated streptavidin particles, and the FITC‐labelled HGH primers led to agglutination of anti‐FITC‐coated particles. Negative reactions were clearly distinguishable from positive reactions. The results of the particle gel agglutination method were in concordance with those of the electrophoretic visualization in all cases tested.Conclusions  The new particle agglutination method is reliable and easy to use.
Does washing swabs increase the efficiency of red cell recovery by cell salvage in aortic surgery?
Authors: Haynes S. L. , Bennett J. R. , Torella F. , McCollum C. N. 
Published: May 2005

Background and Objectives  We investigated the contribution of swab washing to the efficiency of red cell recovery by intraoperative cell salvage (ICS) in 10 patients undergoing elective aortic aneurysm repair.Materials and Methods  Volumes and haemoglobin (Hb) concentrations were recorded in the blood recovered by direct suction and from washed swabs, both before and after processing with a Haemonetics Cell Saver 5.Results  The mean ± standard deviation (SD) estimated blood loss was 991 ± 403 ml, resulting in a mean ± SD salvaged RBC volume of 380 ± 124 ml. The median [interquartile (IQR) range] Hb collected from suction was 84·9 (61·8–131·4) g, of which 50·1 (45–71·5) g was returned to the patient after processing, a median yield of 68 (49–77)%. The swab wash produced a median (IQR) Hb of 39·4 (28·4–64·9) g, of which 26·2 (16·8–31) g was reinfused, a 67 (33–98)% yield. Swab wash thus contributed with a median (IQR) of 31 (24–39)% of the total RBC recovery.Conclusions  Washing swabs improves the efficiency of red cell recovery by ICS.
White blood cell fragments in platelet concentrates prepared by the platelet‐rich plasma or buffy‐coat methods
Authors: Dijkstra‐Tiekstra M. J. , Van Der Schoot C. E. , Pietersz R. N. I. , Reesink H. W. 
Published: May 2005

Background and Objectives  White blood cell (WBC) fragments in platelet concentrates (PCs) may induce allo‐immunization in the recipient.Materials and Methods  As the level of WBC fragments can differ between PCs produced using different methods, we compared PCs prepared by using the buffy‐coat method (BC‐PCs) in plasma or platelet additive solution (Composol) and PCs prepared using the platelet‐rich plasma method (PRP‐PCs).Results  Post‐filtration results revealed identical levels of WBC, but significantly higher CD62p expression and a significantly lower amount of total DNA, cell‐free DNA and number of WBC fragments (0·6 vs. 4·2 WBC equivalents/µl) in PRP‐PCs than in BC‐PCs in either plasma or Composol.Conclusions  The number of WBC fragments is significantly higher in BC‐PCs than in PRP‐PCs.
Application of bovine microsatellite markers on Saola (Pseudoryx nghetinhensis)
Authors: Nguyen T.T. , Ménétrey F. , Genini S. , Nguyen V.L. , Vögeli P. , Nguyen B.X. , Stranzinger G. 
Published: May 2005

SummaryThe aim of the present study was to assess the applicability of bovine microsatellite markers on Saola (Pseudoryx nghetinhensis). A total of 127 microsatellite markers were tested on a male and a young female Saola. An efficient amplification was observed for 123 markers (96.8%), 73 markers (59.3%) were polymorphic. Four loci (BM2304, BMS1928, BMS779 and ILSTS006) on cattle chromosomes 1, 4, 7 and 8, respectively, failed to amplify in Saola. Two cattle Y‐chromosome‐specific microsatellite markers (INRA126 and BM861) were successfully amplified from both sexes in Saola. However, two additional markers (INRA124 and INRA189) on Y‐chromosome failed to amplify in the female animal. These results show that most of the bovine microsatellite markers are applicable in Saola and therefore they can be used to study the phylogenetic relationships and the genetic diversity of the Saola population.
A note on ENDOG: a computer program for analysing pedigree information
Authors: Gutiérrez J.P. , Goyache F. 
Published: May 2005

SummaryThe aim of this note is to describe the program endog (v.3.0). The program handles pedigree information to conduct several demographic and genetic analyses including: (a) the individual inbreeding and average relatedness coefficients; (b) effective population size; (c) parameters characterizing the concentration of both gene and individuals origin such as the effective number of founders and ancestors, the effective number of founder herds; (d) F statistics and paired genetic distances for each subpopulation under study; (e) descriptors of the genetic importance of the herds in a population and (f) generation intervals. The program will help breeders and researchers to monitor the changes in genetic variability and population structure with limited costs of preparing datasets. The program, user's guide and example file can be downloaded free of charge from the World Wide Web at http://www.ucm.es/info/prodanim/Endog30.zip.
Conservation of genetic diversity in the Japanese Black cattle population by the construction of partially isolated lines
Authors: Honda T. , Nomura T. , Mukai F. 
Published: May 2005

SummaryIn the Japanese Black cattle population, five genetically divergent subpopulations have played important roles as suppliers of breeding stocks to the entire breed. We supposed a situation where five lines were constructed from each of the five subpopulations, and applied to this set of lines a management plan to conserve genetic diversity. Assuming that the male migration pattern among the lines followed the island model, we assessed the optimum male migration rate and required male numbers in each line, satisfying the following three conditions simultaneously: (i) the rate of inbreeding in each line was below 0.01 per generation; (ii) at least 97% of the initial genetic diversity was preserved after 10 generations; and (iii) more than 50% of the genes in an initial line were retained in the line after 10 generations. We found that approximately one breeding male should be selected per year and one breeding male should be exchanged among the lines per generation in each line to satisfy these three conditions. Numerical analysis with the migration rates actually observed among the five subpopulations demonstrated that the initial genetic differentiation among the lines was rapidly decayed by an asymmetrical migration pattern. For a successful plan, migration among lines should be strictly managed.
Exclusion of the acyl CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 gene (DGAT1) as a candidate for a fatty acid composition QTL on porcine chromosome 4
Authors: Mercadé A. , Sánchez A. , Folch J.M. 
Published: May 2005

Summary DGAT1 is a microsomal enzyme that catalyses the final step in triglycerides synthesis. DGAT1‐deficient mice are viable, lean, fertile and resistant to diet induced obesity. We have previously identified a quantitative trait loci (QTL) on chromosome 4 that affects fatty acid composition in an F2 cross between Iberian × Landrace. The human DGAT1 gene is located on chromosome 8q24.3, this region aligns to porcine chromosome 4, making the pig DGAT1 gene a suggestive positional candidate gene for the QTL. In this study, we sequenced 1679 bp of the mRNA from animals of five pig breeds (Iberian, Landrace, Large White, Piétrian and Meishan) to identify genetic variants. One of the polymorphisms found creates a polymorphic HinfI restriction site and it was genotyped by PCR‐RFLP in these five pig breeds. Allele A was not found in the analysed Iberian and Landrace populations, whereas Meishan population presents the highest frequency (35%). The DGAT1 gene was located by radiation hybrid mapping to the porcine chromosome 4, outside the confidence interval for the fatty acid composition QTL and excludes it as a positional candidate gene.
Parathyroid scintigraphy during hypocalcaemia in primary hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Øgard Christina G. , Vestergaard Henrik , Thomsen Jørn B. , Jakobsen Henrik , Almdal Thomas , Nielsen Steen L. 
Published: May 2005

SummaryBackground:  Minimally invasive parathyroid surgery in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) demands high imaging accuracy. By increasing blood flow to the parathyroid adenoma before injection of a perfusion marker, we intended to improve the parathyroid scintigraphy. We have named the technique stimulated parathyroid scintigraphy (SPS).Methods:  Twenty minutes after injection of 100 MBq 99mTc‐pertechnetate a thyroid scintigram was performed in 25 patients with PHPT. During the thyroid scintigraphy sodium citrate was infused which lowered plasma calcium by a mean of 14 ± 1·3%. Then 700 MBq 99mTc‐sestamibi was injected and another scintigram of the neck was obtained. Perchlorate was given at the end of the sestamibi scintigram to increase the wash‐out of 99mTc‐pertechnetate from the thyroid gland, and after 2 h a delayed scintigram was obtained. A subtraction of the thyroid scintigram from the initial sestamibi scintigram was performed. The results of SPS and a conventional 99mTc‐sestamibi dual‐phase parathyroid scintigraphy were compared with the operative findings. In nine patients the parathyroid adenoma was also localized with ultrasound and the flow pattern before and after citrate infusion was visualized with Doppler technique.Results:  Eighty‐eight per cent of the adenomas were localized correctly with the SPS technique compared with 62% at the conventional parathyroid scintigraphy. Tissue perfusion of the nine adenomas increased after citrate infusion.Conclusions:  SPS has a high accuracy and it is easy to perform. If only subtraction SPS is performed the whole examination can be completed within an hour, which is acceptable for same day surgery.
Detection of chronic rejection by quantitative ventilation scintigrams in lung‐transplanted patients: a pilot study
Authors: Johansson Åke , Moonen Michaela , Enocson Alexandra , Mårtensson Gunnar , Bake Björn 
Published: May 2005

SummaryThe suspicion of chronic rejection [bronchiolithis obliterans syndrome (BOS)] is usually based on deteriorating forced expired volume in 1 s. It is however, desirable to develop more sensitive methods as increased anti‐inflammatory therapy is thought to stop progression of the rejection. The aim of the present study was to develop quantitative tools based on ventilation scintigrams, to diagnose BOS. Sixteen double‐lung‐transplanted patients participated, six developing BOS and 10 who did not develop BOS. They were investigated with planar posterior–anterior 99mTc‐Technegas (Tetley Manufacturing Ltd, Sydney, Australia) ventilation scintigraphy at baseline, 6 months to 1 year post‐transplantation, and at a follow‐up examination 3–4‐year post‐transplant or in the BOS patients close to the time of the diagnosis. An automatic region of interest (ROI) was drawn on each lung in the scintigraphic image at baseline and also applied to the follow‐up investigation. The area inside the ROI was subdivided into stripes 10·8 mm high and squares 10·8 × 10·8 mm wide. Corresponding stripes and squares in baseline and follow‐up were analysed regarding differences in relative retention. The results show that the square analysis is superior. Applying chosen cut‐off values for square element differences, 6/6 right and 5/6 left BOS lungs were identified and one left and one right lung of patients not developing BOS were misclassified. We conclude that the square element difference appears to be a promising method to diagnose BOS.
Nursing Leadership in Genomics for Health and Society
Authors: Feetham Suzanne , Thomson Elizabeth J. , Hinshaw Ada Sue 
Published: May 2005

Purpose: This article is part of the series regarding genomics and nursing practice, science, education, and policy. Issues in genetic testing, genetic information and the lessons learned through applications of genetic and genomic science are analyzed and discussed.Framework: Scientists, scholars, and members of the public have articulated a vision to guide genomics research and scholarship. The three overarching themes of this conceptual framework are genomes to biology, genomes to health, and genomes to society.Conclusions: Nurses can promote the use of genomic research technologies and information in the context of health, biology, and society, as well as in nursing research, practice, education, and policy.