bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RE: Mesothelioma and lung tumors attributable to asbestos among petroleum workers. Am. J. Ind. Med. 2000. 37:275–282.II. Reply to William J. Bailey's letter to the editor
Authors: Gennaro Valerio , Montanaro Fabio , Ceppi Marcello , Fontana Vincenzo , Perrotta Alessandra , Puntoni Riccardo , Finkelstein Murray M. , Silvano Stefania 
Published: September 2002

AbstractWe are quite suprised by this request for explanation, since we think that our previous papers [Gennaro et al., 1994, 1995, 2000] already answered the questions raised. At the same time, we are pleased to have the opportunity to provide AJIM readers with additional information about how we have tried to demonstrate and explain the causal relationship between lung cancer and asbestos exposure among workers employed in the oil refinery industry, a relationship that, for various reasons, the epidemiologists of oil corporations do not see.
Availability and quality of industry and occupation information in the Massachusetts cancer registry
Authors: Levy Jens , Brooks Daniel , Davis Letitia 
Published: September 2002

AbstractBackgroundIndustry and occupation (I/O) data from state cancer registries can be useful in generating and evaluating hypotheses about occupational cancer risks. The quality of these data is uncertain.MethodsWe reviewed medical records on 1,020 cases from the Massachusetts Cancer Registry (MCR). We compared the presence and detail of I/O data from this dedicated record review (DRR) with routine reporting to the MCR in order to evaluate the potential to increase the availability of I/O data.ResultsCompared to routine reporting, the DRR increased the percentage of codable I/O data from 63.6 to 80.4%. The DRR also provided more detail in existing codes in 15.4% of cases. Other sections of the medical record in addition to the face sheet and sections of the record from the period before cancer diagnosis were important sources of additional information. Duration and timing of the corresponding I/O information were rarely recorded.ConclusionsThe nearly one‐third (32%) of records that had some improvement in I/O information with a dedicated review indicates considerable opportunity to improve the utility of this resource. Am. J. Ind. Med. 40:98–106, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Probable case of Binder syndrome in a skeleton from Quarai, New Mexico
Authors: Mulhern Dawn M. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractBinder syndrome (maxillonasal dysplasia) is a not uncommon disorder reported in the clinical literature and is characterized by hypoplastic development of the midface. An extensive review of the paleopathology literature did not reveal any examples of Binder syndrome. In this paper, a probable case of Binder syndrome in a female skeleton, 16–17 years at age of death, from Quarai, New Mexico (ca. AD 1375–1450) is presented. This case was identified during standard documentation prior to repatriation at the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution.The skull of this individual (381243) exhibits unusual facial features, including an underdeveloped midface, flattened glabella, absent nasal spine, and apparent alveolar prognathism, in addition to a vertebral anomaly. All of these characteristics are consistent with skeletal dysmorphologies associated with Binder syndrome. Measurements of the Quarai skull are compared with published data on Binder patients and normal control groups in order to quantify the nature of the observed morphology. Univariate analysis of craniometric/cephalometric data provides further support for a diagnosis of Binder syndrome, as critical measurements on the Quarai skull are consistent with those reported in Binder patients and significantly different from those reported for normal control groups. In addition to presenting a probable prehistoric case of Binder syndrome, this paper demonstrates the applicability of using direct comparisons of clinical data to help identify unusual conditions in skeletal remains. Am J Phys Anthropol 118:371–377, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Population variation in second metacarpal sexual size dimorphism
Authors: Lazenby Richard A. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThis paper contrasts levels of sexual size dimorphism in second metacarpal osteometric and geometric morphology in two bioculturally distinctive populations: 19th century Euro‐Canadian settlers, and proto/historic central Canadian Inuit. Significant within‐group sexual size dimorphism is found for all variables, though few show significant interpopulation differences. However, in every case the Euro‐Canadian sample is more dimorphic than the Inuit sample. Notably, differences reside in geometric measures (total area, Imax) sensitive to variation in functional strain, and thus are interpretable in light of proximate causal models, i.e., activity profiles distinct from generalized mode of subsistence. Other proximate factors, such as nutritional stress acting to diminish Inuit sexual size dimorphism, may also play a role. However, models often cited to explain dimorphism, such as marriage practice (e.g., polygyny) or division of labor situated in mode of subsistence, do not. The higher sexual size dimorphism in the 19th century settler sample belies the notion that technological progress inevitably leads to reduced dimorphism. Am J Phys Anthropol 118:378–384, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of exposure to dibutyltin dichloride on sperm density, viability and morphology in male mice
Authors: Ananie Dushimiyimana , Huang Yuyao 
Published: September 2002

AbstractExperiments on the effects of 0.025–0.40 µg of dibutyltin dichloride (DBTCl) per kilogram body weight (kg bw), on sperm density, viability and morphology in mature mice were conducted by daily intraperitoneal injection for 7 days at 22 ± 2 °C and 12 h light–dark cycle conditions. The results demonstrated that DBTCl exhibited strong toxicity on sperm quality. Dosed with ≥ 0.05 µg DBTCl/kg bw groups, the testes weight, sperm density and the rate of survival of sperm decreased, whereas the rate of sperm abnormalities increased significantly. In addition, treatment with 0.05 µg DBTCl/kg bw resulted in increasing rate of sperm head abnormalities, whereas administration at 0.20 and 0.40 µg DBTCl/kg bw significantly increased the rate of sperm tail abnormalities. In the group treated at ≥ 0.10 µg DBTCl/kg bw, the mice body weights decreased. It appeared there was a noticeable dose–response relationship between DBTCl and the parameters studied. ED50 values (7 days) of DBTCl for survival rate of sperm and density were 0.17 µg/kg bw and 0.19 µg/kg bw respectively. The present study provides a possibility for early diagnostic indicators and methods for sperm quality induced by organotin compounds (DBTCl) in mammals. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Selective oxidation of thioethers to sulfoxides with molecular oxygen mediated by rhodium(III)–dimethylsulfoxide complexes
Authors: Srivastava Radhey S. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractA rhodium–dimethylsulfoxide‐promoted catalytic oxidation of a thioether to sulfoxide is studied. Screening of different rhodium complexes reveals moderate to excellent catalytic properties for the oxidation of thioethers using molecular oxygen as an oxidant. The scope of this reaction is discussed. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fast and clean dechlorination of alkyl and aryl (poly)chlorides catalysed by bimetallic Ni–Al clusters in the presence of t‐BuOH
Authors: Jurvilliers Xavier , Schneider Raphaël , Fort Yves , Ghanbaja Jaafar 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe dechlorination of alkyl and aryl (poly)chlorides is rapid and complete upon treatment with a new reduction system consisting of NaH as reagent, Ni–Al clusters as catalyst and t‐BuOH as catalytic co‐factor. The high efficiency of this combination is presumed to be due to the stabilization of the subnanometre nickel particles formed during reduction by the in‐situ‐generated alkoxide. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mass spectrometry studies of organolead compounds
Authors: Ostah N. , Lawson G. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe mass spectra of alkyl‐, aryl‐ and chlorinated ‐alkyl, aryl organolead compounds were investigated. Positive and negative ion mass spectra of these compounds were recorded using conventional electron impact conditions. In common with the analogous tetraalkyltin and tetraalkylgermanium compounds, tetrabutyllead produced no negative ion spectra under these conditions. The spectra were also examined by tandem mass spectrometry in order to establish reaction mechanisms for these compounds. Fragmentation patterns of seven organolead compounds, based on precursor–product ion relationships, are proposed. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Applications of liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization‐single quadrupole mass spectrometry for determining arsenic compounds in biological samples
Authors: Francesconi Kevin A. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractRecent work on the determination of arsenic compounds in biological samples using liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization‐single quadrupole mass spectrometry is reviewed. Specific examples include the quantification of arsenosugars in algae, confirmation of novel arsenic metabolites from marine microbes and in human urine, and the structural elucidation of two new arsenic compounds in marine animals. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Review: Biological effects of organic arsenic compounds in seafood
Authors: Sakurai Teruaki 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThis review describes the results of our recent experiments concerning the in vitro biological effects of water‐soluble organic arsenic compounds contained in seafood in murine immune effector cells using synthetic pure materials. A dimethyl organic arsenic compound in seaweed, viz. an arsenosugar, was weakly cytotoxic in murine alveolar macrophages during a 72 h incubation (50% lethal concentration in vitro, LC50 = 8 mmol dm−3); conversely, it increased the cell viability of peritoneal macrophages at an optimal dose of 5 mmol dm−3. Trimethyl arsenic compounds in marine animals, arsenocholine and arsenobetaine, were less toxic in murine splenocytes, thymocytes, Peyer's patch lymphocytes, peritoneal macrophages and alveolar macrophages in vitro, even over 10 mmol dm−3. Interestingly, they significantly increased the cell viability of immature bone marrow cells at doses over 100 µmol dm−3, and induced the maturation of bone marrow cells especially into granulocytes. The tetramethyl arsenic compound, tetramethylarsonium hydroxide, isolated from some lower marine animals had no in vitro cytolethality on murine immune effector cells. Taken together, organic arsenic compounds in seafood are not very toxic in living systems. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cytotoxicological aspects of the organic arsenic compound arsenobetaine in marine animals
Authors: Kojima Chikara , Sakurai Teruaki , Ochiai Masayuki , Kumata Hidetoshi , Qu Wei , Waalkes Michael P. , Fujiwara Kitao 
Published: September 2002

AbstractIn this study, we investigated the in vitro cytotoxicity of arsenobetaine [AsBe; trimethyl (carboxymethyl) arsonium zwitterion], which is a major organic arsenic compound in marine animals, to various mammalian cells, such as mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells, rat liver TRL1215 cells and human skin TIG‐112 cells, using a synthetic pure material. As a result, we demonstrated that the cytotoxicity of AsBe is very weak even at concentrations over 20 mmol dm−3 in all these cells. Also, AsBe did not affect various functions of the murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells, viz interleukin‐1α production, cellular lysosomal enzyme (acid phosphatase) activity and nitric oxide (NO2−) secretion. AsBe showed a weak effect on the reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in these cells, and it slightly reduced the cellular GSH levels for a while. These data suggest that AsBe shows no cytotoxicity but has some effects on mammalian cells. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Studies on thermal and morphological behavior of siliconized epoxy bismaleimide matrices
Authors: Kumar A. Ashok , Alagar M. , Rao R. M. V. G. K. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractNovel bismaleimide‐modified siliconized epoxy intercrosslinked network systems were developed. Siliconized epoxy systems containing 5, 10, and 15% siloxane units were prepared using epoxy resin and hydroxyl‐terminated polydimethylsiloxane (HTPDMS) with γ‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane (γ‐APS) as a compatibilizer and dibutyltindilaurate as a catalyst. The siliconized epoxy systems were further modified with 5, 10, and 15% (wt %) of bismaleimide [(N,N′‐bismaleimido‐4,4′‐diphenylmethane) (BMI)] and cured by diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and heat‐distortion temperature measurement of the matrix samples were carried out to assess their thermal behavior. DSC thermograms of the BMI‐modified epoxy systems show unimodel reaction exotherms. The glass transition temperature (Tg) of the cured BMI‐modified epoxy and siliconized epoxy systems increases with increasing BMI content. Thermogravimetric analysis and heat‐distortion temperature measurements indicate that the thermal degradation temperature and heat‐distortion temperature of the BMI‐modified epoxy and siliconized epoxy systems increase with increasing BMI content. The morphology of the BMI‐modified siliconized epoxy systems was also studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 81: 2330–2346, 2001
Application of dimer acid–based polyamide for xerographic toners for textiles printing
Authors: Carr W. W. , Cook F. L. , Yan H. , Pfromm P. H. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractXerographic printing of textiles was explored. A number of fabrics were printed using commercially available and synthesized polymers as toner vehicles. The polymers were characterized using standard methods (DSC, DMA, tensile tests). The performance of the prints was evaluated using textiles‐specific tests (crockfastness, flexural rigidity). It was found that the initial modulus is a reasonable predictor of the performance of the printed fabrics. However, the requirements on toner vehicles for good textile performance (low initial modulus, flexibility) contradict the requirements for production of toner powders by grinding (brittle behavior). © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 81: 2399–2407, 2001
Spectrophotometric investigation of the copolymerization of styrene or methyl methacrylate with 1,8‐naphthalimide dyes
Authors: Grabchev Ivo , Bojinov Vladimir , Betcheva Rossiza 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe copolymerization of styrene or methyl methacrylate with 1,8‐naphthalimide dyes to yield fluorescent side‐group copolymers was investigated. During copolymerization, no changes occurred in the chromophoric systems of the dyes. Colorimetrically, it was found that more that 0.90% of the dyes were chemically bonded to the polymer chain. The effect of polymer coloration was proven by appropriate coloristic characterization. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 81: 2463–2470, 2001
Poly(ether ether ketone) solutions suitable for microfiltration membrane preparation
Authors: Vigo Fernando , Castellano Maila 
Published: September 2002

AbstractPoly(ether ether ketone) shows high stability against chemical and physical agents but is poorly soluble in most common solvents. We tested new solvents to obtain concentrated solutions that we used to prepare microfiltration membranes by the phase‐inversion technique. The prepared membranes were tested by the filtration of oily emulsions, and their structure was studied with scanning electron microscopy. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 81: 2550–2555, 2001
Study on mechanical properties of perlite‐filled gamma‐irradiated polypropylene
Authors: Akin‐Öktem G. , Tanrisinibilir S. , Tinçer T. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThis study covers the preparation and characterization of perlite‐filled polypropylene (PP). The compositions of 15, 30, and 50 % by weight perlite–PP composites were prepared by melt‐mixing. The PP used in this study was either applied in the virgin form or γ‐irradiated in air at the doses of 10, 25, 50, and 100 kGy to determine the effect of oxidative degradation in composite properties. Furthermore, the active sites containing oxygen produced by γ‐irradiation in PP may provide a possible enhancement by the interfacial interaction between perlite and PP. An initial sharp drop in torque readings during the melt‐mixing of perlite–PP composite preparation indicated an extensive chain scission and degradation by γ‐irradiation. The thermal properties of the composites were characterized by DSC. The ultimate tensile strength and elongation and also impact strength decreased in all composites with γ‐irradiation. Yet, these changes appeared not to be faster than was the change in unfilled PP upon irradiation. Scanning electron microscopy revealed an interfacial adhesion between perlite and irradiated PP while virgin PP did not show any evidence of adhesion. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 81: 2670–2678, 2001
Facile synthesis and properties of semicrystalline copoly(arylene ether ketone) containing hydroquinone and phthalazinone
Authors: Meng Y. Z. , Tjong S. C. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractTwo series of novel copoly(arylene ether ketone) were successfully synthesized from hydroquinone or bisphenol A, bis(4‐fluorophenyl)ketone and 4‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)‐2,3‐phthalazin‐1‐one with anhydrous potassium carbonate as the catalyst. The synthesized polymers exhibited high glass‐transition temperatures together with excellent thermooxidative stability. The chain structure of these polymers was studied by means of 13C‐nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD) techniques. The experimental results showed that these “as‐made” copolyaryleneketones containing hydroquinone moieties exhibited a multiblock chain structure with long segments that mainly consisted mainly of hydroquinone and bis(4‐fluorophenyl)ketone at the middle of the molecular chain. These long segments exhibited crystallites in the produced polymers. The synthesized copolyaryleneketone containing 90 mol % hydroquinone possessed a glass‐transition temperature higher than that of commercial PEEK. The synthesized polymers also exhibited either fair processability or solubility. The glass‐transition temperatures, solubility, and tensile strengths of the two series of copolyaryleneketones tended to increase with increasing phthalazinone moiety content. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 81: 2687–2695, 2001
Polyesteramides used for hot melt adhesives: Synthesis and effect of inherent viscosity on properties
Authors: Chen Xuming , Zhong Hua , Jia Lanqin , Ling Jiacheng , Tang Ruiguo , Qiao Jinliang , Zhang Zhongyue 
Published: September 2002

AbstractPolyesteramides, with different inherent viscosities, were synthesized from dimer acid, sebacic acid, ethylenediamine, and diethylene glycolamine. The effect of inherent viscosity of the polyesteramides on their thermal properties, such as melt viscosity, softening point, heat of fusion, glass‐transition temperature, and low‐temperature flexibility, was studied. The effect of the inherent viscosity on mechanical properties, such as tensile strength, elongation at break, and hardness, and on adhesion properties, such as lap shear strength and T‐peel strength, was also investigated. The results show that melt viscosity, tensile strength, and elongation at break increase as the inherent viscosity increases, and that lap shear strength of the polyesteramides also increases with increasing inherent viscosity, whereas softening point, glass‐transition temperature, and shore D hardness of the polyesteramides essentially do not change as the inherent viscosity increases within a certain range. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 81: 2696–2701, 2001
Biodegradable polymers based on renewable resources. V. Synthesis and biodegradation behavior of poly(ester amide)s composed of 1,4:3,6‐dianhydro‐D‐glucitol, α‐amino acid, and aliphatic dicarboxylic acid units
Authors: Okada Masahiko , Yamada Masashi , Yokoe Makito , Aoi Keigo 
Published: September 2002

AbstractA series of poly(ester amide)s were synthesized by solution polycondensations of various combinations of p‐toluenesulfonic acid salts of O,O′‐bis(α‐aminoacyl)‐1,4:3,6‐dianhydro‐D‐glucitol and bis(p‐nitrophenyl) esters of aliphatic dicarboxylic acids with the methylene chain lengths of 4–10. The p‐toluenesulfonic acid salts were obtained by the reactions of 1,4:3,6‐dianhydro‐D‐glucitol with alanine, glycine, and glycylglycine, respectively, in the presence of p‐toluenesulfonic acid. The polycondensations were carried out in N‐methylpyrrolidone at 40°C in the presence of triethylamine, giving poly(ester amide)s having number‐average molecular weights up to 3.8 × 104. Their structures were confirmed by FTIR, 1H‐NMR, and 13C‐NMR spectroscopy. Most of these poly(ester amide)s are amorphous, except those containing sebacic acid and glycine or glycylglycine units, which are semicrystalline. All these poly(ester amide)s are soluble in a variety of polar solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide, N,N‐dimethylformamide, 2,2,2‐trifluoroethanol, m‐cresol, pyridine, and trifluoroacetic acid. Soil burial degradation tests, BOD measurements in an activated sludge, and enzymatic degradation tests using Porcine pancreas lipase and papain indicated that these poly(ester amide)s are biodegradable, and that their biodegradability markedly depends on the molecular structure. The poly(ester amide)s were, in general, degraded more slowly than the corresponding polyesters having the same aliphatic dicarboxylic acid units, both in composted soil and in an activated sludge. In the enzymatic degradation, some poly(ester amide)s containing dicarboxylic acid components with shorter methylene chain lengths were degraded more readily than the corresponding polyesters with Porcine pancreas lipase, whereas most of the poly(ester amide)s were degraded more rapidly than the corresponding polyesters with papain. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 81: 2721–2734, 2001
Intercalative redox polymerization and characterization of poly(4‐vinylpyridine)–vermiculite nanocomposite
Authors: Dhamodharan R. , Samuel J. D. Jeyaprakash S. , Rajeswari M. K. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractA new nanocomposite material consisting of poly(4‐vinylpyridine) (PVP) and vermiculite is synthesized by the intercalative redox polymerization of VP in the gallery of copper(II) ion‐exchanged vermiculite. The formation of a single filament of the polymer in the gallery is confirmed by the increase in gallery spacing of 4.7 Å as indicated by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Electron spin resonance studies confirm the presence of Cu(II) upon ion exchange and its absence following redox polymerization. The amount of polymer present in the gallery is found to be ∼18–19 mass % by thermogravimetric analysis. Confining the polymer to the gallery spacing in vermiculite results in enhanced thermal stability that is evident from the increase in the initial decomposition temperature by ∼300°C. Differential scanning calorimetry of the nanocomposite indicates that the polymer is confined to a restricted geometry because of the absence of a glass‐transition temperature, which confirms the XRD finding. The IR absorption peaks corresponding to PVP and the expected PVP UV π–π* transition at 275 nm, along with the XRD and thermal data confirms that the gallery expansion is due to the PVP filament. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 82: 555–561, 2001