bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A review on digital twins for power generation and distribution
Authors: Heluany Jessica B. , Gkioulos Vasileios 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a systematic literature review on the application of digital twins in the energy sector. Initially, we generated an overview through a survey of prior reviews, independent of market vertical, then followed by a more detailed review concentrating on the power production and distribution domains, as per the NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) smart grid standard. We implemented a rigorous method, which included seven stages, beginning with the collection of 2238 articles. We observed that the energy sector range was too broad and filtered by generation and distribution during the practical screening, resulting in 275 for further screening. This amount was then condensed to 81 papers that matched the quality screening criteria for synthesis and examination. In summary, digital twin architectures and frameworks include five components: the physical entity, bidirectional communication, the virtual entity (with modeling and simulation), data management, and services. Our study contributed by determining that distribution management is the most pertinent application of digital twins in the distribution domain and fault diagnosis in the generation domain. Furthermore, we found that digital twins involve multiple stakeholders whose role is rarely discussed in studies, and we identified a similar absence of emphasis for security. Research on security often presents the digital twin as an additional layer of protection, yet rarely investigates the security of the digital twin by itself. The potential limitations of our study to answer some of the technical research questions may be because of the criteria for the selection of papers. However, as the emphasis of this study is on the energy sector, it enabled domain-specific findings for generation and distribution.
Efficient Random Walks on Riemannian Manifolds
Authors: Schwarz Simon , Herrmann Michael , Sturm Anja , Wardetzky Max 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
According to a version of Donsker’s theorem, geodesic random walks on Riemannian manifolds converge to the respective Brownian motion. From a computational perspective, however, evaluating geodesics can be quite costly. We therefore introduce approximate geodesic random walks based on the concept of retractions. We show that these approximate walks converge in distribution to the correct Brownian motion as long as the geodesic equation is approximated up to second order. As a result, we obtain an efficient algorithm for sampling Brownian motion on compact Riemannian manifolds.
Opportunities to develop student’s math-related agency in primary education: the role of teacher beliefs
Authors: Leijen Äli , Baucal Aleksandar , Pikk Kristi , Uibu Krista , Pajula Liisi , Sõrmus Maarja 
Published: December 2023

AbstractTeacher beliefs and practices related to them could provide varying opportunities for students to develop their agency related to learning math. The aim of the current paper is to explore how different math teacher beliefs (concerning the nature of mathematics, constructivist beliefs, and self-efficacy) relate to different dimensions of student agency in primary education. A two-level multilevel model was analyzed to find out to what extent selected teacher beliefs are associated with student math competence and agency dimensions. The study was conducted in Estonia and data from 3rd and 4th grade students (N = 1557) and their teachers (N = 121) was included in the analysis. The results showed that teacher self-efficacy beliefs, constructivist beliefs, and static views on the nature of mathematics were related to students’ agency dimensions. Possible explanations and directions for further studies are discussed.
Sustainable valorization of waste glycerol into bioethanol and biodiesel through biocircular approaches: a review
Authors: Elsayed Mahdy , Eraky Mohamed , Osman Ahmed I. , Wang Jing , Farghali Mohamed , Rashwan Ahmed K. , Yacoub Ibrahim H. , Hanelt Dieter , Abomohra Abdelfatah 
Published: December 2023

AbstractLiquid biofuels like biodiesel and bioethanol are crucial in the transition to low-carbon and high-energy alternatives to fossil fuels. One significant by-product of biodiesel production is glycerol, which accounts for about 10% of the total conversion output. While waste glycerol poses challenges due to its impurities and contaminants, it also holds potential as a metabolic resource for essential cellular components in microorganisms. Crude glycerol production is reviewed, highlighting relevance in current biodiesel technologies and its biochemical composition. To efficiently utilize waste glycerol, co-valorization with low-cost substrates through biocircular platforms using various microorganisms or insects for second and third-generation oxy-biofuels has been explored. Among these, the black soldier fly larvae have demonstrated higher competitiveness for lipid contents (35–43%), making them a promising organism for recycling waste glycerol into biodiesel production, alongside microalgae and oleaginous yeast. The microbial biodiesel productivity from oleaginous yeast is notably higher (3546 kg ha−1 y−1) than soybean biodiesel (562 kg ha−1 y−1), while microalgal biodiesel productivity surpasses palm biodiesel by more than 25 times. Remarkably, black soldier fly larvae biodiesel productivity was reported to be ~ 1.7 times higher than microalgae and an impressive ~ 43 times higher than palm biodiesel. Despite their potential for biodiesel production, waste glycerol from biodiesel industry still represents a challenge because of high impurities, high viscosity, and limited direct applications in existing processes. To further enhance energy sustainability and address the challenge of waste glycerol, biocircular platforms are discussed for waste glycerol utilization with domestic wastewater sludge, lignocellulosic biomass, and protein-rich wastes. These platforms offer opportunities to create other sustainable agricultural products while minimizing their environmental footprint.
Detransition and Desistance Among Previously Trans-Identified Young Adults
Authors: Littman Lisa , O’Malley Stella , Kerschner Helena , Bailey J. Michael 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPersons who have renounced a prior transgender identification, often after some degree of social and medical transition, are increasingly visible. We recruited 78 US individuals ages 18–33 years who previously identified as transgender and had stopped identifying as transgender at least six months prior. On average, participants first identified as transgender at 17.1 years of age and had done so for 5.4 years at the time of their participation. Most (83%) participants had taken several steps toward social transition and 68% had taken at least one medical step. By retrospective reports, fewer than 17% of participants met DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for Gender Dysphoria in Childhood. In contrast, 53% of participants believed that “rapid-onset gender dysphoria” applied to them. Participants reported a high rate of psychiatric diagnoses, with many of these prior to trans-identification. Most participants (N = 71, 91%) were natal females. Females (43%) were more likely than males (0%) to be exclusively homosexual. Participants reported that their psychological health had improved dramatically since detransition/desistance, with marked decreases in self-harm and gender dysphoria and marked increases in flourishing. The most common reason given for initial trans-identification was confusing mental health issues or reactions to trauma for gender dysphoria. Reasons for detransition were more likely to reflect internal changes (e.g., the participants’ own thought processes) than external pressures (e.g., pressure from family). Results suggest that, for some transgender individuals, detransition is both possible and beneficial.
Personality Moderates Intra-Individual Variability in EEG Microstates and Spontaneous Thoughts
Authors: Tomescu Miralena I. , Papasteri Claudiu , Sofonea Alexandra , Berceanu Alexandru I. , Carcea Ioana 
Published: December 2023

AbstractVariability in brain activity that persists after accounting for overt behavioral and physiological states is often considered noise and controlled as a covariate in research. However, studying intra-individual variability in brain function can provide valuable insights into the dynamic nature of the brain. To explore this, we conducted a study on 43 participants analyzing the EEG microstate dynamics and self-reported spontaneous mental activity during five-minute resting-state recordings on two separate days with a twenty days average delay between recordings. Our results showed that the associations between EEG microstates and spontaneous cognition significantly changed from one day to another. Moreover, microstate changes were associated with changes in spontaneous cognition. Specifically, inter-day changes in Verbal thoughts about Others and future Planning were positively related to bottom-up sensory network-related microstate changes and negatively associated with top-down, attention, and salience network-related microstates. In addition, we find that personality traits are related to inter-day changes in microstates and spontaneous thoughts. Specifically, extraversion, neuroticism, agreeableness, and openness to experience moderated the relationship between inter-day changes in EEG microstates and spontaneous thoughts. Our study provides valuable information on the dynamic changes in the EEG microstate-spontaneous cognition organization, which could be essential for developing interventions and treatments for neuropsychiatric disorders.
Nanodiamond-treated flax: improving properties of natural fibers
Authors: Hinzmann Carsten , Parsons Drew F. , Fiedler Johannes , Zalieckas Justas , Holst Bodil 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSynthetic fibers are used extensively as reinforcement in composite materials, but many of them face environmental concerns such as high energy consumption during production and complicated decommissioning. Natural fibers have been considered as an attractive solution for making composites more sustainable. However, they are generally not as strong as synthetic fibers. It is therefore of interest to investigate ways to improve the properties of natural fibers without compromising environmental issues. Here, we present a study of the moisture absorption and mechanical properties of flax that has been exposed to hydrogenated nanodiamonds through an ultrasonic dispersion treatment. Nanodiamonds are known to be non-toxic, unlike many other carbon-based nanomaterials. We show that nanodiamond-treated flax fabric has a lower moisture content (~ −18%), lower moisture absorption rate and better abrasion resistance (~ +30%). Single yarns, extracted from the fabric, show higher tensile strength (~ +24%) compared to untreated flax. Furthermore, we present a theoretical model for the nanodiamond fiber interaction, based on the Derjgauin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek (DLVO) theory of colloid interactions. The simulations indicate that the mechanical properties improve due to an enhancement of the electrolytic force, dispersion force and hydrogen bonding of nanodiamond-treated fibers, which strengthens the cohesion between the fibers. We also apply the model to nanodiamond-treated cotton. The lower zeta potential of cotton increases the electrolytic force. Comparing the results to experimental data of nanodiamond-treated flax and nanodiamond-treated cotton suggests that the fiber’s zeta potential is critical for the improvements of their mechanical properties.
Graphical abstract
Phase I/II trial of BMS-986,205 and nivolumab as first line therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Huynh Jasmine C. , Cho May , Monjazeb Arta , Al-Obeidi Ebaa , Singh Amisha , Tam Kit , Lara Frances , Martinez Anthony , Garcia Leslie , Kim Edward J. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) helps orchestrate immune suppression and checkpoint inhibitor resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). BMS-986,205 is a novel oral drug that potently and selectively inhibits IDO. This Phase I/II study evaluated the safety and tolerability of BMS-986,205 in combination with nivolumab as first-line therapy in advanced HCC.

Methods
Adults with untreated, unresectable/metastatic HCC received BMS-986,205 at two dose levels (50–100 mg orally daily) in combination with fixed dose nivolumab (240mg/m2 IV on Day 1 of each 14-day cycle). The primary objective was to determine the safety and tolerability of this combination; secondary objectives were to obtain preliminary efficacy.

Results
Eight patients received a total of 91 treatment cycles in the dose escalation phase. All patients were Child Pugh A and 6 patients had underlying viral hepatitis. In the 6 evaluable patients, no dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) were observed. The most common treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) were aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) elevation (3 patients) and diarrhea, maculopapular rash and increased alkaline phosphatase (2 patients each). Grade 3 events were diarrhea and AST elevation (1 patient), and hyperglycemia and pancreatitis requiring treatment discontinuation (1 patient). No grade 4–5 events occurred. Partial response was observed in 1 patient (12.5%) and stable disease in 3 patients (37.5%), yielding a disease control rate of 50%. Median PFS was 8.5 weeks; median OS was not reached.

Conclusion
Combination BMS-986,205 and nivolumab showed a manageable safety profile with durable benefit as first-line therapy in a meaningful subset of advanced HCC patients.
Forecasting returns instead of prices exacerbates financial bubbles
Authors: Hanaki Nobuyuki , Hommes Cars , Kopányi Dávid , Kopányi-Peuker Anita , Tuinstra Jan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractExpectations of future returns are pivotal for investors’ trading decisions, and are therefore an important determinant of the evolution of actual returns. Evidence from individual choice experiments with exogenously given time series of returns suggests that subjects’ return forecasts are substantially affected by how they are elicited and by the format in which subjects receive information about past asset performance. In order to understand the impact of these effects found at the individual level on market dynamics, we consider a learning to forecast experiment where prices and returns are endogenously determined and depend directly upon subjects’ forecasts. We vary both the variable (prices or returns) subjects observe and the variable (prices or returns) they have to forecast, with the same underlying data generating process for each treatment. Although there is no significant effect of the presentation format of past information, we do find that markets are significantly more unstable when subjects have to forecast returns instead of prices. Our results therefore show that the elicitation format may exacerbate, or even create, bubbles and crashes in financial markets.
Development and Implementation of a Preventive Intervention for Youth with Concerns About Their Sexual Thoughts and Behaviors: A Practitioner Narrative
Authors: Bright Melissa , Gordon Brittany , Bodi Csenge , Ortega Diana , Coleman Jennifer 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis practitioner narrative describes the development of an innovative, primary and secondary prevention resource to provide confidential resources to youth with questions about potentially problematic sexual interests and behaviors. WhatsOK is a website and free confidential helpline for youth who are potentially at risk to sexually harm or have harmed someone in the past. By encouraging self-efficacy, helpline counselors respond to these inquires in order to prevent harmful events or lessen the impact. This practitioner narrative begins with an explanation of the planning process, then describes the implementation, piloting and refining the resource, and, finally, explains how evaluation was incorporated. The development of the WhatsOK helpline services was conducted with the goal of creating an evidence-informed resource for youth with concerns about sexual thoughts and behaviors.
Trajectories of unrealistic optimism in grade expectation: A latent growth mixture model
Authors: Lee J. Hannah , Park Junsang , Ju Hyun-Ju , Cho Kyoungmin , Lim Seoyoung 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis study examined the heterogeneity in temporal shifts of unrealistic optimism (UO) by analyzing students’ grade expectation throughout a semester. UO was defined as the gap between students’ estimated and current course grades, with a larger gap indicating higher UO. Final course grades were viewed as the outcome of UO. A total of 206 participants completed baseline measures of personal factors during the first week of the semester and repeated measurements at five subsequent time points. Using person-centered trajectory analysis (e.g., latent growth mixture models), we identified three distinct UO trajectories: UO-Persistent (6.8%; consistently high UO), UO-Decreasing (26.2%; diminishing UO), and Realistic (67.0%; consistently low UO). High perfectionistic standards and dysphoria predicted UO-Persistent group membership, while perfectionistic discrepancy, self-efficacy, and belief in optimism's power did not. The Realistic group achieved higher final grades than the UO-Decreasing group. Unexpectedly, no difference was found in final grades between the strongest UO group (i.e., UO-Persistent) and other two groups. These findings suggest that UO's temporal shift is not a unitary construct, and distinct UO patterns may be associated with different academic outcomes. This study underscores the significance of comprehending temporal shifts and employing person-centered analysis in UO related to academic achievement. The discussion addresses both research and practical implications.
Shuangshi Tonglin Capsule treats benign prostatic hyperplasia through the ROS/NLRP3 signaling pathway
Authors: Wang Ziqiang , Mao Qian , Yuan Yong , Wang Chuan , Wei Hao 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Objective
To explore the effects of the SSTL on BPH and clarify the therapeutic mechanisms.

Methods
Animal model of BPH was established by castration and subcutaneous injection of TP into SD rats; rats were orally administered SSTL for 28 days while modeling. Detection of PI, LI and RI in rats, to observe histopathological changes and collagen deposition in the prostate tissue. Detects levels of sex hormones and inflammatory factors in serum and tissues of rats, the test kit detects levels of lipid peroxides and antioxidants in serum and tissues. Fluorescent staining analysis of tissue ROS; the expression of NLRP3 inflammatory vesicles was observed by immunohistochemistry; Western blotting detected the expression of NOX4, NOX2, NLRP3 inflammatory vesicles, ASC, Cleaved Caspase-1, Caspase-1, IL-1β.

Results
After SSTL capsule treatment, the PI and RI of the rats decrease. HE and Masson staining showed that SSTL ameliorated the pathological damage and reduced collagen deposition in the prostate tissue of BPH rats; ELISA results showed that SSTL was able to reduce T, DHT, TNF-α, IL-1β levels in BPH rats. The test kit showed that SSTL made the levels of MDA, CAT and GSH-Px in the serum and prostate tissue of rats and increased the activity of SOD. The results of ROS fluorescence showed that the ROS level was reduced in SSTL group; Western blotting showed that SSTL could cause down-regulation of NOX4, NOX2, NLRP3, ASC, Cleaved Caspase-1, IL-1β protein expression.

Conclusion
SSTL can reduce the PI and RI in BPH rats, it can also inhibit the level of sex hormones and inflammatory factors in BPH rats, which thereby reducing the histopathological damage of prostate gland in BPH rats, and can treat BPH in rats through ROS/NLRP3 pathway.
Novel Aspects in Pattern Formation Arise from Coupling Turing Reaction–Diffusion and Chemotaxis
Authors: Fraga Delfino Kunz Camile , Gerisch Alf , Glover James , Headon Denis , Painter Kevin John , Matthäus Franziska 
Published: December 2023

AbstractRecent experimental studies on primary hair follicle formation and feather bud morphogenesis indicate a coupling between Turing-type diffusion driven instability and chemotactic patterning. Inspired by these findings we develop and analyse a mathematical model that couples chemotaxis to a reaction–diffusion system exhibiting diffusion–driven (Turing) instability. While both systems, reaction–diffusion systems and chemotaxis, can independently generate spatial patterns, we were interested in how the coupling impacts the stability of the system, parameter region for patterning, pattern geometry, as well as the dynamics of pattern formation. We conduct a classical linear stability analysis for different model structures, and confirm our results by numerical analysis of the system. Our results show that the coupling generally increases the robustness of the patterning process by enlarging the pattern region in the parameter space. Concerning time scale and pattern regularity, we find that an increase in the chemosensitivity can speed up the patterning process for parameters inside and outside of the Turing space, but generally reduces spatial regularity of the pattern. Interestingly, our analysis indicates that pattern formation can also occur when neither the Turing nor the chemotaxis system can independently generate pattern. On the other hand, for some parameter settings, the coupling of the two processes can extinguish the pattern formation, rather than reinforce it. These theoretical findings can be used to corroborate the biological findings on morphogenesis and guide future experimental studies. From a mathematical point of view, this work sheds a light on coupling classical pattern formation systems from the parameter space perspective.
Nitrogen Control in Production of N-Alloyed Stainless Steels in AOD Converter: Application of Sieverts’ Law
Authors: Pitkälä Jyrki , Holappa Lauri , Jokilaakso Ari 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn numerous stainless steels, nitrogen is used as an alloying element to improve mechanical and corrosion properties. The typical nitrogen content is up to 0.5 pct. A common method for alloying is to blow nitrogen gas into an Argon Oxygen Decarburization (AOD) converter. Depending on the steel composition, operating practice, and process conditions, the hitting grade of the N content can be a problem. According to Sieverts’ law, nitrogen solubility depends on the nitrogen partial pressure. In this study, the applicability of Sieverts’ law to control the nitrogen content in stainless steels was investigated by test trials in an industrial AOD converter using N2–Ar mixtures. The validity was established in a wide range of nitrogen content (0.1–0.4 pct) and large variety of alloying (Cr, Ni, Mo, Mn) with considerable influence on N solubility. The validity was well established by approaching the equilibrium N content both from above and below. As a conclusion, the nitrogen content can be controlled by regulating the partial pressure of nitrogen in the blowing gas mixture. For practical purposes, the final nitrogen content can be predicted in different situations and guide graphs were drawn to determine the required N2–Ar ratio. These tools can be utilized when designing blowing practices for the AOD converter for nitrogen-alloyed stainless steels.