bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medication Abortion Safety and Effectiveness With Misoprostol Alone
Authors: Jayaweera Ruvani , Egwuatu Ijeoma , Nmezi Sybil , Kristianingrum Ika Ayu , Zurbriggen Ruth , Grosso Belén , Bercu Chiara , Gerdts Caitlin , Moseson Heidi 
Published: October 2023

ImportanceMisoprostol-alone regimens for abortion may be more effective than previously thought.ObjectiveTo estimate the effectiveness of medication abortion with misoprostol alone among individuals self-managing their abortion.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsFor this prospective observational cohort study of callers to safe abortion hotlines and accompaniment groups in Argentina, Nigeria, and Southeast Asia, participants were recruited between July 31, 2019, and October 1, 2020, prior to starting their medication abortion. Eligible participants were 13 years or older, had no contraindications to medication abortion, and were not currently bleeding. Participants completed a baseline and 2 follow-up surveys. The analysis was restricted to participants who reported using misoprostol alone and was performed between January 6, 2022 and September 8, 2023.ExposureSelf-managed medication abortion using misoprostol alone.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was effectiveness, defined as participant self-report of complete abortion without procedural intervention, measured at 1 week and 3 weeks after taking misoprostol. Secondary outcomes included method safety, measured by self-report of experiencing warning signs (eg, heavy bleeding, pain, fever, discharge) indicative of a potential complication and by medical treatment (eg, blood transfusion, intravenous fluids, overnight hospital stay) indicative of a potential adverse event. Additional outcomes included length of bleeding and cramping, time to expulsion, and experience of adverse effects.ResultsAmong 1352 enrolled participants, 637 used misoprostol-alone regimens for abortion and were included in the analysis (591 [92.8%] from Nigeria, 45 [7.1%] from Southeast Asia, and 1 [0.2%] from Argentina; 384 [60.2%] aged 20-29 years; 317 [49.8%] with pregnancy durations &amp;lt;7 weeks and 205 [32.2%] with pregnancy durations between 7 and &amp;lt;9 weeks). At last follow-up after taking medication (median, 22 days; IQR, 21-26 days), 625 participants (98.1%; 95% CI, 96.7%-98.9%) had a complete abortion without procedural intervention. Potential adverse events were reported by 6 participants (0.9%; 95% CI, 0.4%-2.1%). Most participants experienced bleeding for less than 1 week (median, 4 days; IQR, 3-6 days) and expelled their pregnancy within 24 hours of starting the abortion process (median, 12 hours; IQR, 9-15 hours). Common side effects included nausea (335 participants [52.6%]), fever (232 [36.4%]), and diarrhea (181 [28.4%]).Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings suggest that misoprostol alone is a highly effective method of pregnancy termination. Future research should explore strategies to maximize the effectiveness of misoprostol alone in clinical and nonclinical settings.
Mechanically Rupturing Liquid Metal Oxide Induces Electrochemical Energy
Authors: Ye Xing , Zheng Zhaoyi , Werner Jörg G. , Boley John William 
Published: October 2023

AbstractLiquid metals, such as Gallium‐based alloys, have unique mechanical and electrical properties because they behave like liquid at room temperature. These properties make liquid metals favorable for soft electronics and stretchable conductors. In addition, these metals spontaneously form a thin oxide layer on their surface. Applications made possible by this delicate oxide skin include shape reconfigurable electronics, 3D‐printed structures, and unconventional actuators. This paper introduces a new approach where liquid metal oxide serves as an electrochemical energy source. By mechanically rupturing their surface oxide, liquid metals form a galvanic cell and convert their chemical energy to electrical energy. When dispersing liquid metals into an ionically‐conductive liquid to form emulsions, this composite material can provide ∼500 mV of open‐circuit voltage and up to ∼4 μW of power. Protected by the naturally occurring oxide skin, the passivating oxide layer of the liquid metal shields it from self‐discharge over time. The device is also stable in harsh environments, such as high temperature or aquatic conditions. Future applications of this device are demonstrated by designing a strain‐activated stretchable battery and a pressure‐sensitive self‐powered keypad. These findings may unlock new pathways to design stretchable batteries and harness their inherent energy for self‐powered robust devices.
Tailoring Crystallization Dynamics of CsPbI3 for Scalable Production of Efficient Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Sun Nannan , Fu Sheng , Li You , Chen Lei , Chung Jaehoon , Saeed Muhammad Mohsin , Dolia Kshitiz , Rahimi Amirhossein , Li Chongwen , Song Zhaoning , Yan Yanfa 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAll‐inorganic perovskite cesium lead triiodide (CsPbI3) with inorganic nature, low‐temperature synthesis, and a suitable bandgap is desirable for high‐performance photovoltaics. However, the scalable production of CsPbI3 photovoltaics is still challenging due to a large nucleation energy barrier and slow phase transition during unassisted natural crystallization. Here, the crystallization dynamics of CsPbI3 thin films is tailored via lead acetate (PbAc2) substitution in the perovskite precursor ink, allowing the scalable fabrication of efficient all‐inorganic perovskite solar cells and minimodules. Introducing PbAc2 enlarges CsPbI3 colloid size in the precursor and reduces the nucleation energy barrier. Additionally, reactions between acetate and dimethylammonium in the wet film accelerate the removal of dimethylammonium additives and generate solvent vapors for self‐regulate internal solvent annealing, resulting in densely packed, uniform, and pinhole‐free CsPbI3 perovskite films over large areas. This strategy demonstrates inverted CsPbI3 solar cells with 20.17% efficiency and good operational stability (retaining 95.5% of initial efficiency after continuous operation for 1800 h) and 15.1%‐efficient CsPbI3 minimodules with an active area of 26.8 cm2.
Imidazole Derivative Assisted Crystallization for High‐Efficiency Mixed Sn–Pb Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Liu Bingxu , Chen Haoyu , Cao Jiupeng , Chen Xianglin , Xie Jiankai , Shu Yuting , Yan Feng , Huang Wei , Qin Tianshi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMixed Sn–Pb perovskites with narrow bandgaps and high optical absorption coefficients are promising photovoltaic materials. However, the easy oxidation of Sn2+ and fast crystallization of mixed Sn–Pb perovskites still limit the efficiency of mixed Sn–Pb perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Here, an imidazole derivative 2‐(Aminomethyl)imidazole dihydrochloride (2‐AD) to suppress the oxidation of Sn2+ and improve the perovskite film quality through coordination with Sn2+/Pb2+ ions is introduced. The optimized devices show a high power conversion efficiency of 22.31% with outstanding long‐term illumination stability. This work provides an effective strategy to achieve efficient and stable mixed Sn–Pb PSCs.
MRI‐Compatible, Transparent PEDOT:PSS Neural Implants for the Alleviation of Neuropathic Pain with Motor Cortex Stimulation
Authors: Cho Young Uk , Kim Kyeongmin , Dutta Ankan , Park Sang Hoon , Lee Ju Young , Kim Hyun Woo , Park Jieon , Kim Jiwon , Min Won Kyung , Won Chihyeong , Park Jaejin , Kim Yujin , Nan Guanghai , Kim Jong Youl , Lee Taeyoon , Kim Hyun Jae , Kim Donghyun , Lee Jong Eun , Min Byung‐Wook , Cho Il‐Joo , Lee Bae Hwan , Cheng Huanyu , Cha Myeounghoon , Yu Ki Jun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSimultaneous monitoring of electrophysiology and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) could guide the innovative diagnosis and treatment of various neurodegenerative diseases that are previously impossible. However, this technique is difficult because the existing metal‐based implantable neural interface for electrophysiology is not free from signal distortions from its intrinsic magnetic susceptibility while performing an MRI of the implanted area of the neural interface. Moreover, brain tissue heating from neural implants generated by the radiofrequency field from MRI poses potential hazards for patients. Previous studies with soft polymer‐based electrode arrays provide relatively suitable MRI compatibility but does not guarantee high‐resolution electrophysiological signal acquisition and stimulation performance. Here, MRI compatible, optically transparent flexible implantable device capable of electrophysiological multichannel mapping and electrical stimulation is introduced. Using the device, neuropathic pain (NP) relief with a 30‐channel electrophysiological mapping of the somatosensory area before and after motor cortex stimulation (MCS) in allodynia rats after noxious stimulation is confirmed. Additionally, artifact‐free manganese‐enhanced MRI of dramatic relief of pain‐related region activity by MCS is demonstrated. Furthermore, artifact‐free optogenetics with transgenic mice is also investigated by recording light‐evoked potentials. These results suggest a promising neuro‐prosthetic for analyzing and modulating spatiotemporal neurodynamic without MRI or optical modality resolution constraints.
Phenylboronic Acid Functionalized Calix[4]pyrrole‐Based Solid‐State Supramolecular Electrolyte
Authors: Tian Jinya , Ji Jie , Zhu Yaling , He Yanlei , Li Hongbing , Li Yi , Luo Dan , Xing Jiapeng , Qie Long , Sessler Jonathan L. , Chi Xiaodong 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSolid‐state polymer electrolytes (SPEs) suffer from the low ionic conductivity and poor capability of suppressing lithium (Li) dendrites, which limits their utility in the preparation of all solid‐state Li‐metal batteries (LMBs). It is reported here a flexible solid supramolecular electrolyte that incorporates a new anion capture agent, namely a phenylboronic acid functionalized calix[4]pyrrole (C4P), into a poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) matrix. The resulting solid‐state supramolecular electrolyte demonstrates high ionic conductivity (1.9 × 10−3 S cm−1 at 60 °C) and a high Li+ transference number ( = 0.70). Furthermore, the assembled Li|C4P‐PEO‐LiTFSI|LiFePO4 cell allows for stable cycling over 1200 cycles at 1 C at 60 °C, as well as good rate performance. The favorable performance of the C4P‐PEO‐LiTFSI SPE leads to suggest it can prove useful in the creation of high energy density solid‐state LMBs.
Compositional Modification of Epitaxial Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 Thin Films for High‐Performance Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters
Authors: Kweon Sang Hyo , Kim Eun‐Ji , Tan Goon , Kanno Isaku 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this study, Piezoelectric energy harvesters (PEHs) are fabricated based on epitaxial Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT) thin films deposited by an RF magnetron sputtering with varied Zr/[Zr+Ti] ratio. For a compatibility with micro‐electromechanical systems, the epitaxial PZT thin films are deposited on Si substrates (PZT/Si). The morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) are formed in the compositional range of 0.44 ≤ Zr/[Zr+Ti] ≤ 0.51 of the epitaxial PZT/Si, which is far broader than that of the bulk PZT. Meanwhile, effective transverse piezoelectric coefficient (|e31,f|) values are evaluated by the direct and converse piezoelectric effects using the unimorph cantilever method. Among the compositions, the rhombohedral‐dominant MPB (MPB‐R) of Zr/[Zr+Ti] = 0.51 exhibits a direct |e31,f| of 10.1 C m−2 and a relative permittivity (εr) of 285, leading to the maximum figure of merit of 40 GPa in this study. On the other hand, the maximum converse |e31,f| of 14.0 C m−2 is measured from the tetragonal‐dominant MPB (MPB‐T) of Zr/[Zr+Ti] = 0.44. At a resonance frequency, the MPB‐T presents a high output power density of 301.5 µW−1/(cm2 g2) under an acceleration of 3 m−1 s−2, which is very promising for the high‐performance PEH applications.
Observation of Topologically Distinct Corner States in “Bearded” Photonic Kagome Lattices
Authors: Song Limin , Bongiovanni Domenico , Hu Zhichan , Wang Ziteng , Xia Shiqi , Tang Liqin , Song Daohong , Morandotti Roberto , Chen Zhigang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractKagome lattices represent an archetype of intriguing physics, attracting a great deal of interest in different branches of natural sciences, recently in the context of topological crystalline insulators. Here, two distinct classes of corner states in breathing Kagome lattices (BKLs) with “bearded” edge truncation are demonstrated, unveiling their topological origin. The in‐phase corner states are found to exist only in the topologically nontrivial regime, characterized by a nonzero bulk polarization. In contrast, the out‐of‐phase corner states appear in both topologically trivial and nontrivial regimes, either as bound states in the continuum or as in‐gap states depending on the lattice dimerization conditions. Furthermore, the out‐of‐phase corner states are highly localized, akin to flat‐band compact localized states, and they manifest both real‐ and momentum‐space topology. Experimentally, both types of corner states are observed in laser‐written photonic bearded‐edge BKLs, corroborated by numerical simulations. The results not only deepen the current understanding of topological corner modes in BKLs but also provide new insight into their physical origins, which may be applied to other topological BKL platforms beyond optics.
Three‐Component Synthesis of Thiazole‐2‐thione from Chalcone, Nitrobenzene and Carbon Disulfide
Authors: Xiao Fuhong , Yu Enbo , Chen Ya , Deng Guo‐Jun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA convenient protocol for the synthesis of thiazole‐2‐thiones from nitrobenzene, chalcones and carbon disulfide is described. The construction of one C−S bond and two C−N bonds via [3+2] cycloaddition reaction is achieved using NaOH as the base in one pot. Various functional groups attached to substrates were well tolerated to afford the corresponding products in moderate to good yields.
Diastereoselective Self‐Assembly of Low‐Symmetry PdnL2n Nanocages through Coordination‐Sphere Engineering**
Authors: Molinska Paulina , Tarzia Andrew , Male Louise , Jelfs Kim E. , Lewis James E. M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMetal‐organic cages (MOCs) are popular host architectures assembled from ligands and metal ions/nodes. Assembling structurally complex, low‐symmetry MOCs with anisotropic cavities can be limited by the formation of statistical isomer libraries. We set out to investigate the use of primary coordination‐sphere engineering (CSE) to bias isomer selectivity within homo‐ and heteroleptic PdnL2n cages. Unexpected differences in selectivities between alternative donor groups led us to recognise the significant impact of the second coordination sphere on isomer stabilities. From this, molecular‐level insight into the origins of selectivity between cis and trans diastereoisomers was gained, highlighting the importance of both host–guest and host‐solvent interactions, in addition to ligand design. This detailed understanding allows precision engineering of low‐symmetry MOC assemblies without wholesale redesign of the ligand framework, and fundamentally provides a theoretical scaffold for the development of stimuli‐responsive, shape‐shifting MOCs.
Anaesthetic management of a neonate with multiple congenital epulides
Authors: Downes C. , Moores C. 
Published: October 2023

SummaryCongenital epulides, rare benign gum tumours which present at birth, pose challenges for neonatal anaesthesia due to potential airway obstruction and surgical requirements. This case report discusses successful anaesthesia for a newborn with these tumours. An oversized facemask enabled an adequate seal, and videolaryngoscopy provided good airway visualisation for orotracheal intubation. Close collaboration between anaesthesia, surgical and nursing teams resulted in safe anaesthesia and surgical removal of the epulides and an uneventful recovery.
Interactive audio human organ model combined with team‐based learning improves the motivation and performance of nursing students in learning anatomy and physiology
Authors: Lee Ching‐Tien , Wang Jiz‐Yuh 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAmong the basic medical sciences, anatomy and physiology (anatomy & physiology) is a fundamental subject for students majoring in nursing. Due to its diversity and difficulty, nursing students experience stress when studying it. Previous graduates generally presented lower achievements in anatomy & physiology than in other nursing‐related subjects in the National Council Licensure Examination‐Registered Nurse, indicating that anatomy & physiology education requires improvement. Accordingly, we examined the impact of innovative teaching on students' motivation and performance when learning anatomy & physiology through a quasi‐experimental pre‐/post‐test design. For innovative teaching, we used the novel interactive audio human organ model, followed by team‐based learning. The participants were 200 lower‐grade students in the nursing department of a junior college in Taiwan, divided into two groups receiving innovative teaching (experimental group) or traditional teaching (control group). Questionnaire surveys were administered, and the collected data were statistically analyzed. The innovative teaching in anatomy & physiology improved learning motivation, especially in terms of affect, executive volition, and learning performance. The essential components of learning motivation, such as value, expectation, affect, and executive volition, were positively correlated with the reaction levels of learning performance. Regarding the improvement in academic performance, the experimental group performed significantly better than the control group. The use of innovative teaching in class enhances students' learning motivation and learning performance when studying anatomy & physiology. Interactive teaching aids enhance the enjoyment of learning anatomy & physiology while facilitating in‐depth exploration of the human organs and systems.
A scalable approach for short‐term disease forecasting in high spatial resolution areal data
Authors: Orozco‐Acosta Erick , Riebler Andrea , Adin Aritz , Ugarte Maria D. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractShort‐term disease forecasting at specific discrete spatial resolutions has become a high‐impact decision‐support tool in health planning. However, when the number of areas is very large obtaining predictions can be computationally intensive or even unfeasible using standard spatiotemporal models. The purpose of this paper is to provide a method for short‐term predictions in high‐dimensional areal data based on a newly proposed “divide‐and‐conquer” approach. We assess the predictive performance of this method and other classical spatiotemporal models in a validation study that uses cancer mortality data for the 7907 municipalities of continental Spain. The new proposal outperforms traditional models in terms of mean absolute error, root mean square error, and interval score when forecasting cancer mortality 1, 2, and 3 years ahead. Models are implemented in a fully Bayesian framework using the well‐known integrated nested Laplace estimation technique.
Determinants of environmental, social, and governance disclosure: A systematic literature review
Authors: Seow Richard Yeaw Chong 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe popularity of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) investing or socially responsible investing is pushing private sectors to improve their ESG performance. Stakeholders, namely, investors, are relying on firms' environmental, social, and governance disclosures (ESGD) to evaluate their ESG performance and strategize their investment decision‐making. Since firms have substantial discretionary power in deciding the quantity and quality of ESGD, understanding the drivers and motivations of ESGD is paramount. This study examines the literature on the determinants of ESGD, and 36 articles published in a period spanning from 2006 to 2022 were analyzed and synthesized via a systematic literature review approach. Ninety‐one researchers from 30 countries contributed to these studies. Of these studies, 28% perform cross‐country investigations. This study found that although there is no single underpinning theory for ESGD, ESGD determinant studies are well supported by multiple theoretical frameworks, such as stakeholder theory, legitimacy theory, and institutional theory. This study reveals many factors that have an impact on ESGD, such as natural disasters, political and legal systems, ownership structure, board characteristics, and the CEO's characteristics. This study contributed to the burgeon of literature on ESG by offering valuable insights into the antecedents to ESG performance and facilitating future enhancements of a better ESGD framework. Lastly, this study also reveals future research directions for scholars to enrich the burgeoning literature in ESG.
Panax quinquefolium saponins attenuates microglia activation following acute cerebral ischemia‐reperfusion injury via Nrf2/miR‐103‐3p/TANK pathway
Authors: Bai Xuesong , Qiu Yan , Wang Jian , Dong Yafen , Zhang Tao , Jin Hui 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIschemic stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability among adults worldwide. Intravenous thrombolysis is the only approved pharmacological treatment for acute ischemic stroke. However, reperfusion by thrombolysis will lead to the rapid activation of microglia cells which induces interferon‐inflammatory response in the ischemic brain tissues. Panax quinquefolium saponins (PQS) has been proven to be effective in acute ischemic stroke, but there is no unified understanding about its specific mechanism. Here, we will report for the first time that PQS can significantly inhibit the activation of microglia cells in cerebral of MCAO rats via activation of Nrf2/miR‐103‐3p/TANK axis. Our results showed that PQS can directly bind to Nrf2 protein and inhibit its ubiquitination, which result in the indirectly enhancing the expression of TANK protein via transcriptional regulation on miR‐103‐3p, and finally to suppress the nuclear factor kappa‐B dominated rapid activation of microglial cells induced by oxygen–glucose deprivation/reoxygenation vitro and cerebral ischemia‐reperfusion injury in vivo. In conclusion, our study not only revealed the new mechanism of PQS in protecting against the inflammatory activation of microglia cells caused by cerebral ischemia‐reperfusion injury, but also suggested that Nrf2 is a potential target for development of new drugs of ischemic stroke. More importantly, our study also reminded that miR‐103‐3p might be used as a prognostic biomarker for patients with ischemic stroke.