bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distance-Distributed Energy Efficient Clustering (D-DEEC) Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Jibreel F. , Daabo M. I. , Abdul-Aziz A. 
Published: January 2024

A wireless sensor network (WSN) composed of many tiny devices that rely on energy efficient routing protocols for extension of their lifetime. Many cluster-based routing protocols have been proposed based on heterogeneity in recent times. Indeed, these protocols are aiming at achieving energy efficiency, throughputs and better lifetime of the networks. However, two important factors that could have helped some of these protocols to achieve the above-mentioned aims are really missing. Factors such as the distance and average distance between nodes and the Base Station (BS) in selecting a cluster head needed to be considered. These were the major challenges that were identified in the Distributed Energy Efficient Clustering (DEEC) protocol after careful study. As a result, the throughputs and the lifetime of the scheme were affected. In this paper, a reviewed hierarchy-based heterogeneous routing protocol called Distance-DEEC (D-DEEC) is proposed to enhance the DEEC protocol. The new algorithm took into account the residual energy, distance of the individual nodes and average distance of all the nodes from the BS in selecting the Cluster Heads (CHs). This has allowed the protocol to select a cluster head that has high residual energy, is closer to the BS and at the same time not too far from its neighbours. The scheme also employed the sleep and awake approach to reduce energy dissipation. The technique allows the Base BS to calculate the maximum energy of distant nodes and determines when such nodes can transmit their report based on a given threshold energy, Eth . The performance of the proposed algorithm was evaluated using MatLab R2018a and the outcomes showed that, D-DEEC protocol outperformed TDEEC in terms of energy consumption, throughputs and the network lifetime.
Essentiality of Micronutrients in Soil: A Review
Authors: Sagwal Aaditya , Wadhwa Priyanshu , Shubham  , Kaushal Shilpa 
Published: January 2024

Micronutrients are very abundant in soil but plants normally absorb only a little amount of them, giving them the name "trace elements". Boron (B), Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), Manganese (Mn), Zinc (Zn), Molybdenum (Mo), and Nickel (Ni) are the essential micronutrients that are required in smaller amounts but crucial for plant growth and development. Besides providing essentiality in fruits and seeds formation, they are helpful in performing various metabolic processes, nutritional management, reproductive growth, chlorophyll synthesis, and other key plant activities. Among all the essential micronutrients, two particular elements, zinc (Zn) and boron (B) are deficit in acidic soils and zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe)are insufficient in semi-arid soils, which have become a rising problem in a variety of cropping systems thereby, raising alarms for the future. Our understanding of difficulties relating to micronutrients might be improved by the production of detailed soil micronutrient maps that cover wide geographic regions, making relevant judgments about the delivery and distribution of fertilizers supplemented with micronutrients to areas that are deficient in these particular micronutrients. The outcomes of these delineation efforts would also be very helpful in developing site-specific suggestions to increase the micronutrient content of food crops. It's important to note that soil micronutrient availability directly affects plant growth.
Type‐II CdSe/ZnO Core/Shell Nanorods: Nanoheterostructures with A Tunable Dual Emission in Visible and Near‐Infrared Spectral Ranges
Authors: Haque Anamul , Zechel Filip , Vretenár Viliam , Roy Mrinmoy , Sýkora Milan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA synthesis and characterization of luminescent nano‐heterostructures consisting of CdSe nanorod (NR) cores and a ZnO shell with up to three monolayers of ZnO is reported. The core/shell heterostructures show a tunable, dual photoluminescence (PL) in visible and Near Infrared (NIR) spectral ranges. Upon shelling the visible PL band attributed to the carrier recombination within the CdSe core shifts to lower energy by ≈0.05 to 0.15 eV relative to the bare CdSe NRs, due to a reduced quantum confinement. A NIR band, observed ≈0.4 – 0.5 eV below the PL energy of the CdSe core, is attributed to a type‐II carrier recombination across the CdSe/ZnO interface. The total PL quantum yield (PLQY) in the brightest heterostructures reaches ≈20%, increasing ≈100‐fold over the PLQY of the corresponding bare CdSe NRs. The average lifetimes of the visible PL in some heterostructures exceeds 100 ns, compared to ≈5 ns lifetime typical for bare CdSe NRs. The average PL lifetimes attributed to the type‐II charge separated states exceed one microsecond. Strong NIR PL, tunable in the 800–900 nm spectral range and the long‐lived charge separated state make the CdSe/ZnO core‐shell NRs appealing materials for exploitation in applications such as bioimaging, photocatalysis and optoelectronics.
Molecular Engineering of N‐heteroaromatic Organic Cathode for High‐Voltage and Highly Stable Zinc Batteries
Authors: Yan Yichao , Li Pei , Wang Yiqiao , Bi Leyu , Lau Ting Wai , Miao Mulin , Yang Shuo , Xiong Qi , Lin Francis R , Yip Hin‐Lap , Yin Jun , Zhi Chunyi , Jen Alex K.‐Y. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractZinc batteries hold promise for grid‐scale energy storage due to their safety and low cost. A key challenge for the field is identifying cathode materials that can undergo reversible redox reactions at the extreme potentials required for realizing high energy density devices. While organic materials have been extensively explored as cathode materials due to their structural tunability and eco‐friendliness, most reported zinc‐organic batteries exhibit a voltage lower than 1.2 V. In this report, by employing rational molecular design and synthesis, computational analysis, and electrochemical evaluation, the well‐studied neutral p‐type N‐centered is redesigned, triphenylamine organic cathode by replacing three phenyl rings with the smallest aromatic system – cationic cyclopropenium. This results in a novel class of cathode materials with simultaneously enhanced potential, capacity, and stability. The resultant full battery exhibits a high discharge voltage of 1.7 V and an outstanding capacity retention of 95% after 10000 cycles at a discharge capacity of 157.5 mAh g−1cation (103.9 mAh g−1salt).
Electrically Confined Electroluminescence of Neutral Excitons in WSe2 Light‐Emitting Transistors
Authors: Shin June‐Chul , Jeong Jae Hwan , Kwon Junyoung , Kim Yeon Ho , Kim Bumho , Woo Seung‐Je , Woo Kie Young , Cho Minhyun , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Kim Young Duck , Cho Yong‐Hoon , Lee Tae‐Woo , Hone James , Lee Chul‐Ho , Lee Gwan‐Hyoung 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMonolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have drawn significant attention for their potential in optoelectronic applications due to their direct band gap and exceptional quantum yield. However, TMD‐based light‐emitting devices have shown low external quantum efficiencies as imbalanced free carrier injection often leads to the formation of non‐radiative charged excitons, limiting practical applications. Here, electrically confined electroluminescence (EL) of neutral excitons in tungsten diselenide (WSe2) light‐emitting transistors (LETs) based on the van der Waals heterostructure is demonstrated. The WSe2 channel is locally doped to simultaneously inject electrons and holes to the 1D region by a local graphene gate. At balanced concentrations of injected electrons and holes, the WSe2 LETs exhibit strong EL with a high external quantum efficiency (EQE) of ≈8.2 % at room temperature. These experimental and theoretical results consistently show that the enhanced EQE could be attributed to dominant exciton emission confined at the 1D region while expelling charged excitons from the active area by precise control of external electric fields. This work shows a promising approach to enhancing the EQE of 2D light‐emitting transistors and modulating the recombination of exciton complexes for excitonic devices.
Interface Effects on the Stability of Carbon‐Electrode‐Based Perovskite Solar Cells During Damp Heating
Authors: PLANES Emilie , FARHA Cynthia , MOOR Gilles DE , NARBEY Stéphanie , FLANDIN Lionel , PERRIN Lara 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCarbon electrode‐based perovskite solar cells (C‐PSCs) are a promising innovation in solar cell technology. For their industrial development, an innovative perovskite deposition method using inkjet printing (“ink”) is compared with the more user‐friendly drop‐casting process (“drop”). Perovskite solar cells face challenges related to sensitivity to moisture and heat, prompting an investigation into their aging behavior under damp heating conditions for both deposition processes. Results reveal significant differences in aging behavior. Performance measurements demonstrate that drop‐cast solar cells have a lifetime roughly three times longer than ink‐deposited ones, despite initial similar performance. Drop‐cast solar cells exhibit an impressive lifespan of ≈3000 h. Various characterization techniques are employed to understand the role of interfaces in C‐PSC degradation. Diffraction analyses reveal structural disparities between the two cell types, while spectroscopic measurements reveal substantial degradation of charge transfer mechanisms in ink‐deposited cells, leading to pronounced radiative recombination. These findings highlight the critical influence of deposition method and active layer thickness on device stability. Optimization is imperative to achieve stable and efficient C‐PSC devices. In summary, C‐PSCs hold great promise, but their performance and longevity are intricately linked to deposition techniques and interface properties, necessitating careful engineering for practical application.
Skin‐Inspired Ultrafast Self‐Healing Wearable Patch with Hybrid Cooling for Comfortable and Durable Electromyographic Monitoring
Authors: Wan Shu , Ye Yizhou , Li Shen , Huang Haizhou , Su Shi , Chen Li , Li Shunbo , He Xuefeng , He Zisheng , Wan Peng , Ran Xu , Sun Litao , Bi Hengchang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAs the body's largest organ, the skin is an integrated multisensory system with self‐healing ability and helps stabilize body temperature. It is herein, inspired by natural skin, a wearable patch made from porous polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) skeleton, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogel, and silicon oxide (SiO2) particles, offers a combination of self‐healing properties, along with hybrid radiative and evaporative cooling mechanisms, designed for electromyographic (EMG) signal detection and human‐machine interaction. The patch has both high mid‐infrared (MIR) emittance (96%) and visible to near‐infrared (visNIR) reflectance (80%), coupled with efficient water evaporation from the PVA hydrogel, resulting in a hybrid cooling power of 180 W m−2. It obtains a temperature drop of ≈7.7 °C using this patch under a solar intensity of ≈700 W m−2. Furthermore, the patch demonstrates self‐healing ability with ultrafast recovery of electrical conductivity (1 s) and a self‐healing efficiency (≈71%) of fracture strain. Thus, the wearable patch can detect high‐quality EMG signals and provide cooling effects and self‐healing capabilities that enhance comfortability and durability. These features make the patch an advanced solution for developing next‐generation wearable patches that can meet the rigorous demands of durable body temperature control in various applications.
Split‐hand/foot malformation 3 resulting from microduplications in 10q24 region in five patients from India
Authors: Langeh Nitika , Ansari Mohammed Tahir , Kabra Madhulika , Gupta Neerja 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSplit‐hand/foot malformation (SHFM) is a genetically heterogeneous congenital limb reduction defect characterized by the deficiencies of central rays of the autopod. Tandem duplications at 10q24 locus account for approximately 20% of all SHFM cases. Here, we report five affected individuals from four unrelated Indian families with SHFM3 caused by microduplication of 10q24 locus showing varied clinical presentations. This report substantiates and extends the current understanding of this rare, multifaceted, and complex condition.
Safety and tolerability of intravenous immunoglobulin infusion in Down syndrome regression disorder
Authors: Santoro Jonathan D. , Jafarpour Saba , Khoshnood Mellad M. , Boyd Natalie K. , Vogel Benjamin N. , Nguyen Lina , Saucier Laura E. , Partridge Rebecca , Tiongson Emmanuelle , Ramos‐Platt Leigh , Nagesh Deepti , Ho Eugenia , Rosser Tena , Ahsan Nusrat , Mitchell Wendy G. , Rafii Michael S. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThree large multi‐center studies have identified the clinical utility of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) in the treatment of Down syndrome regression disorder (DSRD). Yet the tolerability of infusions in individuals with DS and the safety of IVIg remains unknown in this population. This study sought to evaluate the safety and tolerability of IVIg in individuals with DSRD compared to a real‐world cohort of individuals with pediatric onset neuroimmunologic disorders. A single‐center, retrospective chart review evaluating clinically documented infusion reactions was performed for individuals meeting international consensus criteria for DSRD and having IVIg infusions between 2019 and 2023. Infusion reactions were evaluated for severity and need for alterations in infusion plan. This cohort was compared against an age and sex matched cohort of children with neuroimmunologic conditions who had also received IVIg infusions. In total, 127 individuals with DSRD and 186 individuals with other neuroimmunologic disorders were enrolled. There was no difference in the overall rate of adverse reactions (AEs) between the DSRD and general neuroimmunology cohorts (p = 0.31, 95% CI: 0.80–2.00), but cardiac‐related AEs specifically were more common among the DSRD group (p = 0.02, 95% CI: 1.23–17.54). When AEs did occur, there was no difference in frequency of pharmacologic intervention (p = 0.12, 95% CI: 0.34–1.13) or discontinuation of therapy (p = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.06–7.44). There was a higher incidence of lab abnormalities on IVIG among the general neuroimmunology cohort (p = 0.03, 95% CI: 0.24–0.94) compared to the DSRD cohort. Transaminitis was the most common laboratory abnormality in the DSRD group. In a large cohort of individuals with DSRD, there were no significant differences in the safety and tolerability of IVIg compared to a cohort of children and young adults with neuroimmunologic conditions.
Novel avenues of tau research
Authors: Sexton Claire E. , Bitan Gal , Bowles Kathryn R. , Brys Miroslaw , Buée Luc , Maina Mahmoud Bukar , Clelland Claire D. , Cohen Ann D. , Crary John F. , Dage Jeffrey L. , Diaz Kristophe , Frost Bess , Gan Li , Goate Alison M , Golbe Lawrence I. , Hansson Oskar , Karch Celeste M. , Kolb Hartmuth C. , La Joie Renaud , Lee Suzee E. , Matallana Diana , Miller Bruce L. , Onyike Chiadi U. , Quiroz Yakeel T. , Rexach Jessica E. , Rohrer Jonathan D. , Rommel Amy , Sadri‐Vakili Ghazaleh , Schindler Suzanne E. , Schneider Julie A. , Sperling Reisa A. , Teunissen Charlotte E. , Weninger Stacie C. , Worley Susan L. , Zheng Hui , Carrillo Maria C. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONThe pace of innovation has accelerated in virtually every area of tau research in just the past few years.METHODSIn February 2022, leading international tau experts convened to share selected highlights of this work during Tau 2022, the second international tau conference co‐organized and co‐sponsored by the Alzheimer's Association, CurePSP, and the Rainwater Charitable Foundation.RESULTSRepresenting academia, industry, and the philanthropic sector, presenters joined more than 1700 registered attendees from 59 countries, spanning six continents, to share recent advances and exciting new directions in tau research.DISCUSSIONThe virtual meeting provided an opportunity to foster cross‐sector collaboration and partnerships as well as a forum for updating colleagues on research‐advancing tools and programs that are steadily moving the field forward.
Solvation Structure and Derived Interphase Tuning for High‐Voltage Ni‐Rich Lithium Metal Batteries with High Safety Using Gem‐Difluorinated Ionic Liquid Based Dual‐Salt Electrolytes
Authors: Li Yixing , Ding Fangwei , Shao Yueyue , Wang Hongyu , Guo Xiaolong , Liu Chang , Sui Xulei , Sun Gang , Zhou Jia , Wang Zhenbo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractStabilizing electrolytes for high‐voltage lithium metal batteries (LMBs) is crucial yet challenging, as they need to ensure stability against both Li anodes and high‐voltage cathodes (above 4.5 V versus Li/Li+), addressing issues like poor cycling and thermal runaway. Herein, a novel gem‐difluorinated skeleton of ionic liquid (IL) is designed and synthesized, and its non‐flammable electrolytes successfully overcome aforementioned challenges. By creatively using dual salts, fluorinated ionic liquid and dimethyl carbonate as a co‐solvent, the solvation structure of Li+ ions is efficiently controlled through electrostatic and weak interactions that are well unveiled and illuminated via nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. The as‐prepared electrolytes exhibit high security avoiding thermal runaway and show excellent compatibility with high‐voltage cathodes. Besides, the solvation structure derives a robust and stable F‐rich interphase, resulting in high reversibility and Li‐dendrite prevention. LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2/Li LMBs (4.5 V) demonstrate excellent long‐term stability with a high average Coulombic efficiency (CE) of at least 99.99 % and a good capacity retention of 90.4 % over 300 cycles, even can work at a higher voltage of 4.7 V. Furthermore, the ultrahigh Ni‐rich LiNi0.88Co0.09Mn0.03O2/Li system also delivers excellent electrochemical performance, highlighting the significance of fluorinated IL‐based electrolyte design and enhanced interphasial chemistry in improving battery performance.
Oligomer composition and content in regenerated PA6 fiber and its effect on properties
Authors: Wang Yongjun , Guo Yintao , Zhong Shuimi , Lin Qisong , Gao Feng , Chen Wenxing , Lu Wangyang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe preparation process from waste fibers to regenerated fibers is an environmental significance work. In this work, liquid chromatography/time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry, advanced polymer chromatography/multi‐angle laser‐light‐scattering/refractive index detector, and two‐dimensional wide‐angle X‐ray diffractometry were employed to characterize the polycaprolactam(PA6) fibers above oligomers composition and content, molecular weight and distribution, crystallization and orientation, and analyzing the changes in mechanical properties. The total content of oligomers in physical and chemical regenerated PA6 fiber is 2.084 wt% and 1.812 wt%, individually, which is higher than that in waste PA6 fiber. And the oligomer content of C1–C4 (cyclic monomer, cyclic dimer, cyclic trimer, and cyclic tetramer) in the regenerated PA6 fiber is higher than that of waste PA6 fiber. The regenerated PA6 fiber sample contains more low‐molecular‐weight substances, making it easier to form crystal nuclei and crystallize. During the dyeing process of the regenerated PA6 fiber, the γ crystal transformed into α crystal. The tensile strength of physical and chemical regenerated PA6 fiber is lower than that of waste PA6 fiber. And after dyeing, the oligomers content of regenerated PA6 fiber is significantly decreased, especially in C1–C4 oligomer. However, the crystalliniy and orientation of regenerated PA6 fibers were improved, which also leads to the fracture strength increased by about 20% compared to undyed fibers.
Bitter yet beneficial: The dual role of dietary alkaloids in managing diabetes and enhancing cognitive function
Authors: Alkanad Maged , Hani Umme , V Annegowda H , Ghazwani Mohammed , Haider Nazima , Osmani Riyaz Ali M. , M D Pandareesh , Hamsalakshmi  , Bhat Rajeev 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWith the rising prevalence of diabetes and its association with cognitive impairment, interest in the use of dietary alkaloids and other natural products has grown significantly. Understanding how these compounds manage diabetic cognitive dysfunction (DCD) is crucial. This comprehensive review explores the etiology of DCD and the effects of alkaloids in foods and dietary supplements that have been investigated as DCD therapies. Data on how dietary alkaloids like berberine, trigonelline, caffeine, capsaicin, 1‐deoxynojirimycin, nuciferine, neferine, aegeline, tetramethylpyrazine, piperine, and others regulate cognition in diabetic disorders were collected from PubMed, Research Gate, Web of Science, Science Direct, and other relevant databases. Dietary alkaloids could improve memory in behavioral models and modulate the mechanisms underlying the cognitive benefits of these compounds, including their effects on glucose metabolism, gut microbiota, vasculopathy, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress. Evidence suggests that dietary alkaloids hold promise for improving cognition in diabetic patients and could open exciting avenues for future research in diabetes management.
Patients with episodic migraine without aura have an increased rate of delayed discounting
Authors: Wang Lu , Dai Chenyang , Gao Manman , Geng Zhi , Hu Panpan , Wu Xingqi , Wang Kai 
Published: January 2024

ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore decision‐making impulsivity and its neural mechanisms in patients with episodic migraine without aura (EMoA).BackgroundPrevious evidence indicates increased impulsivity and altered reward processing in patients with chronic migraine and medication overuse; however, whether the same holds true for those with EMoA is unclear.MethodsPatients newly diagnosed with EMoA (n = 51) and healthy controls (HC, n = 45) were recruited. All participants completed delay discounting task, cognitive assessments, a questionnaire for headache profile, and resting‐state function magnetic resonance imaging scans. Resting‐state functional connectivity (RSFC) between the regions of interest and the entire brain was explored.ResultsPatients with EMoA showed a steeper subjective discount rate than HCs (F = 4.74, p = .032), which was positively related to a history of migraines (r = .742, p < .001). RSFC among the ventral striatum (vSTR), ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and occipital cortex was lower in patients with EMoA than in control groups, which was correlated with history (r′ = .294, p = .036) and subjective discount rate (r′ = .380, p = .006). Additionally, discounting rates and RSFC between the vSTR and occipital regions were significantly abnormal in the triptan group than the non‐triptan group. Mediating effect analysis indicated a significant mediating effect in the change in RSFC between the vSTR and occipital status, history of triptan use, and subjective discount rate.ConclusionThis study further elucidated that an increase in delayed discounting rate exists in patients with EMoA and is related to the abnormality of the value processing network.