bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Symbolic methods for invariant manifolds in chemical kinetics
Authors: Fraser Simon J. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractChemical reactions show a separation of time scales in transient decay due to the stiffness of the ordinary differential equations (ODEs) that describe their evolution. This evolution can be represented as motion in the phase space spanned by the concentration variables of the chemical reaction. Transient decay corresponds to a collapse of the “compressible fluid” representing the continuum of possible dynamical states of the system. Collapse occurs sequentially through a hierarchy of nested, attracting, slow invariant manifolds (SIMs), i.e., sets that map into themselves under the action of the phase flow, eventually reaching the asymptotic attractor of the system. Using a symbolic manipulative language, explicit formulas for the SIMs can be found by iterating functional equations obtained from the system's ODEs. Iteration converges geometrically fast to a SIM at large concentrations and, if necessary, can be stabilized at small concentrations. Three different chemical models are examined in order to show how finding the SIM for a model depends on its underlying dynamics. For every model the iterative method provides a global SIM formula; however, formal series expansions for the SIM diverge in some models. Repelling SIMs can be also found by iterative methods because of the invariance of trajectory geometry under time reversal. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2006
Bayesian predictive approach to interim monitoring in clinical trials
Authors: Dmitrienko Alexei , Wang Ming‐Dauh 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThis paper reviews Bayesian strategies for monitoring clinical trial data. It focuses on a Bayesian stochastic curtailment method based on the predictive probability of observing a clinically significant outcome at the scheduled end of the study given the observed data. The proposed method is applied to derive efficacy and futility stopping rules in clinical trials with continuous, normally distributed and binary endpoints. The sensitivity of the resulting stopping rules to the choice of prior distributions is examined and guidelines for choosing a prior distribution of the treatment effect are discussed. The Bayesian predictive approach is compared to the frequentist (conditional power) and mixed Bayesian‐frequentist (predictive power) approaches. The interim monitoring strategies discussed in the paper are illustrated using examples from a small proof‐of‐concept study and a large mortality trial. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PLANT‐LEVEL ANALYSIS USING THE ARD: ANOTHER LOOK AT GIBRAT'S LAW
Authors: Harris Richard , Trainor Mary 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThis study uses the Annual Respondents Database to test whether Gibrat's law of proportionate effect holds for the UK manufacturing industry during the period 1973–1998. For a sample of manufacturing industries, four different panel unit root tests were carried out to test the relationship between growth and size for three measures of size: gross output, employment and gross value added. The tests were applied to unbalanced plant‐level panel data. The results show that there is strong evidence to reject Gibrat's law that firm growth is a random process in favour of the alternative proposition of mean reversion.
SEAFARERS' “MARITIME CULTURE” AND THE “I‐KIRIBATI WAY OF LIFE”: THE FORMATION OF FLEXIBLE IDENTITIES?
Authors: Borovnik Maria 
Published: July 2005

ABSTRACTThis paper aims to examine how seafarers from the Pacific Republic of Kiribati cope with the experience of working with crews of different nationalities, and, further, how the exposure to different cultures during their journeys through international waters influences both their own identity as well as their perceptions of I‐Kiribati culture. Based on examples from open and semi‐structured interviews with seafarers working on German merchant ships and Japanese fishing vessels, the paper questions the application of concepts of “hybridity” in the case of these I‐Kiribati men in favour of the idea of “cultural flexibility”. It further considers to what degree seafarers strongly rooted in the clearly confined cultural values of Kiribati have adapted the values received through their training and employment by German or Japanese and Korean companies and officers. The paper adds to the framework of transnationalism by advancing the notion of emporion, in which the circular and transversal journeys of seafarers are viewed as a connecting space between land‐based areas; a space which provides a basis for an extended knowledge and understanding of different cultural outlooks as well as relations between nations.
SMALL‐SCALE INDUSTRY AS A SPONGE? EMPIRICAL SURVEY IN THE CENTRAL REGION, GHANA
Authors: Mensah John V. 
Published: July 2005

ABSTRACTIt has been posited that small‐scale industry – businesses with less than 30 workers – provides a large share of employment and income in Ghana. This paper examines the proposition that while such enterprises in the informal sector are said to act as a sponge to soak up surplus labour in marginal activities, they are unprofitable. Using data from a survey in 1998 of 175 micro and small‐scale enterprises in the Central Region of Ghana, the paper also confirms problematic aspects of employment in this sector including the lack of formal contracts, irregular pay, low remuneration, non‐existent social protection and only marginal employment growth. The implication is that the small‐scale industry sector is not economically sustainable in its present form in Ghana.
BUSINESS CLUSTERS IN THE SOUTH: A CRITICAL APPRAISAL FROM INDONESIAN EVIDENCE
Authors: Perry Martin 
Published: July 2005

ABSTRACTAdvocacy of the advantages accruing to business clusters in developing economies has followed that in developed economies. With doubts emerging about the evidence for these in developed economies, it is therefore appropriate to review the experience in the developing world. A model of cluster emergence and growth has guided accounts of developing country clusters. Drawing on experience from Indonesia, doubts are raised about that model's prediction of the emergence of successful joint action in maintaining cluster advantages. Any advantages from clustering are insufficient to face development challenges arising from the globalisation of economic activity. The significance of business clusters in low income economies needs to be reviewed in the light of actual experience and the reappraisal emerging in developed or high income countries.
Diversity and assembly of weed communities: contrasting responses across cropping systems
Authors: LÉGÈRE A , STEVENSON F C , BENOIT D L 
Published: July 2005

SummaryDiversity and weed community composition of mid‐season plant stands and autumn seedbanks were examined in spring barley–red clover cropping systems that varied according to crop rotation, tillage and weed management. Weed plant and seed density data collected over 4 years were used in the calculation of species richness (number of species), evenness (Shannon's E) and diversity (Shannon's H′), and in multivariate analysis (canonical discriminant analysis) of weed communities. Weed diversity indices were low (H′ < 2.0) but sensitive to management practices. Evenness had intermediate values (E = 0.4–0.8), suggesting little evidence of truly dominant species, particularly in the seedbanks. The difference in the number of species between treatments was never large (approximately two to four species). Overall, diversity indices were highest in the low disturbance treatments, particularly those with minimum weed management. Factors affecting ordination were somewhat different from those affecting diversity. Tillage had little effect on weed diversity indices but had a more major role in determining weed community composition. Seedbanks in no‐till and monoculture‐chisel plough treatments appeared to have more distinctive species composition compared with other treatments. Weed species assembly in seedbanks showed little discrimination across treatments and over time, confirming the ability of seedbanks to buffer disturbances across a variety of cropping systems. The use of diversity indices revealed part of the complexity of weed communities associated with disturbance in cropping systems, whereas ordination singled out species–cropping systems associations, which may be more meaningful to weed management.
Effects of two pathogens on the performance of Cirsium arvense in a successional fallow
Authors: KLUTH S , KRUESS A , TSCHARNTKE T 
Published: July 2005

SummaryBiological control of weeds by natural antagonists is of increasing interest. To reduce densities of the weed Cirsium arvense (creeping thistle) in a successional fallow, we applied spores of two pathogens, the biotrophic rust Puccinia punctiformis and the perthotrophic Phoma destructiva, for three consecutive years individually at different dates and combined. The proportion of systemically Puccinia punctiformis‐infected C. arvense was not influenced by the treatments, but local rust infection was a good predictor of systemic infection in the following season. Artificial inoculations with P. destructiva increased the incidence of this pathogen in the third year as a result of synergistic effects, when co‐inoculated with P. punctiformis. Inoculations with either pathogen had little effect on C. arvense shoot density, although there were transient reductions after combined inoculations with both fungi compared with the fungicide treatment. Cirsium arvense decreased from 60% to 5% cover within 3 years, while the cover of the co‐occurring fallow vegetation increased. Under field conditions, with an already high degree of natural P. punctiformis infection, the effects of inoculations of the single pathogens were minor, but reductions in shoot density after combined inoculations indicate that this inoculation may have the potential to cause a decline of this weed.
Female Attraction to Conspecific Chemical Cues in the Palmate Newt Triturus helveticus
Authors: Secondi Jean , Haerty Wilfried , Lodé Thierry 
Published: July 2005

AbstractAlthough chemosignals are largely used in sexual communication in urodeles, olfactometer studies in newts provided contrasting results about the sex specificity of female behavioural responses. Because long‐range sexual advertisement is believed to be costly, some species might restrain this activity to close interactions with conspecifics. We tested chemical‐mediated sexual attraction in female palmate newt (Triturus helveticus) by measuring the attraction to male and female odours in a linear water olfactometer. Unexpectedly, females were attracted towards conspecifics regardless of sex. They did not show attraction towards Limnaea stagnalis, a common sympatric aquatic gastropod. These results do not support the use of long‐range male sexual signalling in the palmate newt. Instead, conspecific attraction is likely to promote aggregation of males and females in breeding ponds. Observations in the field and in the laboratory tend to support the aggregative behaviour of this species. We discuss the possible function of conspecific attraction in this context. Heading towards any conspecific would increase the probability of finding potential mates. Chemical cues do not need to be sex‐specific at that stage so that long‐range sexual advertisement might be unnecessary. This work emphasizes the need for studies investigating the evolutionary relationships between sexual signalling systems and population‐distribution patterns.
Donńees morphologiques, histochimiques et microanalytiques sur l'élaboration du tube organominéral d'Alvinella pompejana, Polychète des sources hydrothermales, et leurs implications Phylogénétiques
Authors: VOVELLE JEAN , GAILL FRANCOISE 
Published: July 2005

Vovelle, J. & Gaill, F. 1986. Données morphologiques, histochimiques et microanalytiques sur l'élaboration du tube organominéral d'Alvinella pompejana, Polychète des sources hydrothermales, et leurs implications Phylogénétiques. [Morphological, histochemical and microanalytical data on the elaboration of the organomineral tube of Alvinella pompejana, a polychaete from hydrothermal vents, and its phylogenetic implications.]The material elaborated by Alvinellu pompejuna Desbruyères & Laubier, 1980, a polychaete worm from hydrothermal vents in the East Pacific, to build up its tube originates from an anterior ventral ‘glandular shield'. Mucocytes rich in sulphated glycosaminoglycan provide an accessory component, but the bulk is formed from homogeneous granules, secreted by the deep ‘main’ cells of this shield. The organic part of the granules, as demonstrated by histochemistry, is proteinaceous, while the mineral part, as proved by microanalysis, includes phosphorus, calcium, iron and in smaller amounts magnesium and zinc. The material of the tube shows an increase in the ratio iron‐calcium. Phosphorus may be bound to the organic part, but there is no sulphur present in it. In the laminated tube, scanning electron microscopy and microanalysis detect an enrichment in heterogeneous components of different constitution (balls and crystals). Silica, pointed out as characteristic of fossil worm tubes but absent in secretions, is not of endogenous origin. The original composition of the Alvinella tube can thus be related to that of other examples of the order Terebellida who live in a less drastic environment.
Les larves chétosphères de polychètes: position systematique et description de nouveaux types
Authors: BHAUD MICHEL 
Published: July 2005

A series of plankton net samples (200 μm mesh width) was collected in the New Caledonian lagoon. From observations by scanning electron microscopy, six larval forms of chaetosphaera are described for the first time. In spite of criticism concerning the use of morphology of setae, the features of transitional larval setae are the main criterion for distinguishing these forms. Nine criteria are used: (1) arrangement of fascicles with regard to the body—pen as a fan and transverse or tightened and parallel to the body; (2) arrangement of fascicles with regard to the dorsal side—entirely or partly sheltered; (3) number of morphological types of setae; (4) number of setae in the fascicles; (5) general morphology—capillary and straight or curved and spiny or as blade‐shaped sword; (6) cross section of the setae; (7) arrangement of spines; (8) morphology of distal end; (9) colour. It appears likely that chaetosphaera larvae belong to species of the genera Scolelepis, Dispio or Australospio as defined by Blake & Kudenov and not to Laonice cirrata, as previously thought. In order to display this difference, the larvae of Laonice sp. are also illustrated. Diagnosis of chaetosphaera may be provisionally based on the following features: prostomium pointed; larvae curled to the ventral side; dorsal side without chromatophores; notopodial setal bundles open as a fan on each side and sheltering, at least in part, the dorsal side.Une série de prélèvements au filet à plancton (200 μm de vide de maille) est réalisée dans le lagon de Nouméa, Nouvelle Calédonie. Six formes de larves chetospheres d'Annélides Polychètes sont décrites par observation au microscope électronique à balayage. Les caractères diffèrentiels reposent principalernent sur la morphologie des soies provisoires. Neuf criteres sont utilisés: (1) disposition des faisceaux par rapport au corps—en éventail et transversale ou fermée et parallele au corps; (2) disposition des faisceaux sur la face dorsale—cette dernière peut être entièrement ou partiellement protégée; (3) nombre de types morphologiques de soies; (4) nombre de soies dans un faisceau; (5) morphologie générale—capillaire, droite, avec ou sans épines ou bien courbée et épineuse ou bien aplatie en forme de lame de sabre; (6) section transversale de la soie; (7) disposition des épines; (8) morphologie de la partie distale; (9) coloration. II resort de cette étude qu'il est maintenant nécessaire de rapporter les larves du type chéAtosphère—au moins certaines d'entre elles—à des espèces appartenant aux genres Scolelepis, Dispio ou Australospio tels qu'ils sont définis par Blake & Kudenov. Correlativement la correspondance entre les chétosphères et les larves de Laonice cirrata ne semble pas confirmée. La reconnaissance des larves chétosphères peut être provisoirement basée sur les caractères suivants: prostomium pointu, corps enroulé autour de la face ventrale, tégument dorsal sans chromatophores, faisceaux de soies notopodiales ouverts en éventail et protégeant au moins en partie la face dorsale.
New Atlantic material and redescription of the type specimens of the giant abyssal amphipod Alicella gigantea Chevreux (Crustacea)
Authors: DE BROYER CLAUDE , THURSTON MICHAEL H. 
Published: July 2005

French abyssal campaigns SEABED 2 and DEMERABY to the Central Atlantic Ocean collected new specimens of the largest known amphipod Alicella gigantea Chevreux in baited traps and for the first time by bottom trawling. Type material from the Madeira Abyssal Plain is fully redescribed. New Atlantic material and the new Pacific material reported by other authors elsewhere are compared to the types. Some aspects of feeding are investigated and an analysis of the stomach contents of a giant male specimen provides an estimate of minimum feeding rate for this necrophagous amphipod.Les campagnes abyssales françaises SEABED 2 et DEMERABY ont permis de récolter dans l'Atlantique Central, par nasses appâtées et pour la première fois par chalutage benthique, de nouveaux exemplaires du plus grand amphipode connu Alicella gigantea Chevreux. Le matérieltype de l'espèce provenant de la Plaine Abyssale de Madeirc est redécrit en détail et le nouvcau matérial atlantique lui est comparé, ainsi que le nouveau matériel du Pacifique décrit par d'autres. Certains aspects de la nutrition sont abordés et l analyse du contenu stomacal d'un exemplaire male géant a permis d'estimer le taux de nutrition minimum de cet amphipode nécrophage.
New records, species, genera, and a new family of gastropods from hydrothermal vents and hydrocarbon seeps*
Authors: WARÈN ANDERS , BOUCHET PHILIPPE 
Published: July 2005

More than 100 species of gastropods from vent and seep localities around the world are reviewed, based on literature information and new material.The following new taxa are described (localities with parentheses, systematic position within brackets): Cantrainea macleani sp.n. (Louisiana Slope) [Turbinidae]; Fucaria striata gen. et sp.n. (Juan de Fuca Ridge area), Vetuloniaphalcata sp.n. (North Fiji Basin) [both Trochidae]; Protolira valvatoides gen. et sp.n. (Mid‐Atlantic Ridge) [Skeneidae]; Ventsia tricarinata gen. et sp.n. (Lau Basin), Bruceiella globulus gen. et sp.n. (Lau Basin) [both tentatively in Skeneidae]; Melanodrymia brightae sp.n. (Juan de Fuca Ridge area), Pachydermia sculpta sp.n. (Lau Basin), Planorbidella gen.n., P. depressa sp.n. (Lau Basin), Ctenopelta porifera gen. et sp.n. (EPR 13°N)[Peltospiridae]; Helicrenion reticulatum gen. et sp.n. (Lau Basin), Lepfogyra inflata sp.n. (Lau Basin) [families unknown]; Desbruyeresia spinosa gen. et sp.n. (Lau Basin), D. cancellata sp.n.(Lau Basin), D. melanioides sp.n. (Lau Basin), Provanna buccinoides sp.n. (Lau Basin) [Provannidae]; Hyalogyra vitrinelloides sp.n. (Lau Basin), Hyalogyrina grasslei s p a (Guaymas Basin)[Hyalogyrinidae fam. n.], Xylodiscula major sp.n. (North Fiji Basin) [Xylodisculidae].The external morphology of the soft parts [for Ifremeria and Alviniconcha (Provannidae) also the anatomy] is described for most of the taxa involved.Some features in the biology and distribution of the gastropod fauna are discussed. About half the fauna consists of species belonging to families or superfamilies endemic to this environment. One‐fifth of the remaining species belong to taxa normally associated with biogenic substrates in the deep sea. Alviniconcha hessleri has previously been shown to harbour chemosynthetic bacteria in the gill; Ifremeria nautilei is here confirmed to do the same. Ctenopelta porifera, and Hirtopelta hirta are suspected to have such bacteria because of reduction of the alimentary system.
Phylogeny of the vipers of the Caucasus (Reptilia, Viperidae)
Authors: NILSON GÖRAN , HÖGGREN MATS , TUNIYEV BORIS S. , ORLOV NIKOLAI L. , ANDREN CLAES 
Published: July 2005

Phylogenetic relationships for five taxa of Palearctic vipers (genus Vipera) from the Caucasian region were revealed by cladistic analyses of separate and combined morphological and biochemical characters. The different data sets yielded largely congruent cladograms. Vipera berus from Sweden was included as an ingroup and V. aspis was used for outgroup comparison. For V. kaznakovi and V. dinniki, three and four different sub‐populations, respectively, were treated as independent terminal taxa in the analyses. The most parsimonious cladograms confirmed the systematic positions of these populations, discussed in a recent study, and support the hypothesis that the montane populations of the western main Caucasus comprise one polymorphie species: V. dinniki.Analyses of combined biochemical and morphological data generated two equally parsimonious cladograms (for all ingroups compared), but yielded only one fully resolved topology when ingroups were condensed to the species level: (berus ((renardi (‘ursinii’‐eriwanensis)))(dinnikikaznakovi)).
Polychaete systematics: Past and present
Authors: FAUCHALD KRISTIAN , ROUSE GREG 
Published: July 2005

In this paper, we first demonstrate the historical background for the current unsatisfactory state of systematics of the polychaetes. We then briefly discuss our knowledge of internal and external structures. A review of the polychaete families makes up the third section; 81 families are treated in detail. Five families have been recently synonymized with others, and six families are too poorly known to be sufficiently characterized. Fossil polychaetes are briefly mentioned, with specific attention to problems associated with incorporating them in recent systematics.The traditional separation in ‘errant’ and ‘sedentary’ polychaetes has increasingly become recognized as being unsatisfactory; however, the current trend towards grouping the polychaetes in many orders without specifying the relationships among the orders, is no more satisfactory. The lack of consistent morphological information is a major source of uncertainty. Intensive morphological studies should remove terminological ambiguities and alleviate some of the problems.
RenderBots—Multi‐Agent Systems for Direct Image Generation
Authors: Schlechtweg Stefan , Germer Tobias , Strothotte Thomas 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe termstroke‐based renderingcollectively describes techniques where images are generated from elements that are usually larger than a pixel. These techniques lend themselves well for rendering artistic styles such as stippling and hatching. This paper presents a novel approach for stroke‐based rendering that exploits multi‐agent systems. RenderBots are individual agents each of which in general represents one stroke. They form a multi‐agent system and undergo a simulation to distribute themselves in the environment. The environment consists of a source image and possibly additional G‐buffers. The final image is created when the simulation is finished by having each RenderBot execute its painting function. RenderBot classes differ in their physical behavior as well as their way of painting so that different styles can be created in a very flexible way.