bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Standardization of Cultivation Practices of Kod (Kutaki, Picrorhiza kurroa Royle ex Benth.): An Endangered Medicinal Plant Species of Kashmir Himalaya, India
Authors: Bano H.  , Siddique M. A. A.  , Gupta R. C.  , Khalil Aroosa , Mir Mudasir A.  , Ashraf Bhat M. 
Published: October 2023

Picrorhiza kurroa Royle ex Benth (Scrophulariaceae) is a small creeping herbaceous alpine species commonly known as Kod or Kutaki, used by local and tribal people for curing fever, asthma, jaundice, stomach ache, indigestion, common fever and bronchial asthma. This has resulted in the loss of biodiversity of the species. Roots of P. kurroa have been used in traditional medicine for years for treating various kinds of diseases. The species has been ruthlessly harvested from the wild source and has become endangered. In the present investigation, an attempt was made to standardize the cultivation practices using organic manures and inorganic fertilizers in P. kurroa. The experiment comprised of 28 treatments {M1P0N0, M1P0N1, M1P0N2, M1P1N0, M1P1N1, M1P1N2, M1P2N0, M1P2N1, M1P2N2, M2P0N0, M2P0N1, M2P0N2, M2P1N0, M2P1N1, M2P1N2, M2P2N0, M2P2N1, M2P2N2, M3P0N0, M3P0N1, M3P0N2, M3P1N0, M3P1N1, M3P1N2, M3P2N0, M3P2N1, M3P2N2 and M0P0N0} with three replications each, including one control treatment. The dry root weight recorded by the application of poultry (20 tonnes ha-1), sheep (25 tonnes ha-1) and farm yard manure (25 tonnes ha-1), was 533.60, 509.60 and 476.70 kg ha-1, respectively. Dry root yield increased significantly with increasing levels of phosphorus (453.6 to 550.4 kg ha-1), and nitrogen (444.8 to 565.6 kg ha-1) as well. Application of organic manure and higher levels of inorganic fertilizers resulted in increase in the root weight with maximum dry root biomass of 640.00 kg ha-1 was observed in treatment M1 P2 N2 (20 tonnes of PM, 100 kg P and 150 Kg N ha-1) compared to the lowest dry yield of 328.0 kg ha-1 as observed in control treatment M0P0N0 (zero tonnes of FYM, 0 kg P and 0 kg N ha-1), although the effect of their interaction was non-significant. It is concluded that highest dry weight of root (692.80 kg ha-1) in P. kurroa was obtained by the application of phosphorus @ 100 kg ha-1 as compared to various organic manures or/different levels of nitrogen used and among the organic manures used viz. poultry, sheep and farmyard manure, the highest root biomass of 533.60 kg ha-1 was recorded by the application of poultry manure. Since the species in Kashmir Himalayan region is endangered but has high commercial demand, hence immediate conservation measures are needed to protect the species from extinction.
To Determine the Pathogenesis and Preventive Strategies of Hypertension-Induced Kidney Failure among Hypertensive Patients in the Tamale Teaching Hospital, Ghana
Authors: Dawuda Ali Sabior , Abdul-Aziz Amidu 
Published: October 2023

Background: Blood pressure is the force used by circulating blood, against the walls of the major blood vessels in the human body. High blood pressure or hypertension is when the pressure in the blood is elevated [1]. Each year an estimated 41 million people die from non-communicable diseases (NCDs) accounting for about 70% of all deaths globally [2]. A predicted number of 1.13 billion individuals worldwide have hypertension with about two-thirds being those living in the low- and middle-income countries [1].
Objective: The aim of this study was to unravel the pathogenesis and preventive strategies of hypertension-induced kidney failure among hypertensive patients in the Tamale Teaching Hospital, Ghana.
Methods: The study employed the Analytical cross-sectional study with quantitative method approach of data collection. A convenience sampling technique was used to select the 200 study participants who were diagnosed of hypertension for more than 6 months. The data was collected within 3 weeks, using a structured questionnaire. Data were examined using the SPSS program IBM version 24. Descriptive statistics, including proportions, frequencies, and cross-tabulations, were used to summarize the study variables. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with hypertension-induced kidney failure. A p value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: A total of 200 respondents were included in the analysis and there were more men 126(63.0%) than women 74(37.0%). A total number of 38(19.0%), participants have been diagnosed hypertension-induced kidney failure. 49(24.5%) indicated that they have family history of Kidney disease. The common risk factors in developing hypertension-induced kidney failure identified by the participants were; Aging 150 (75.0%), poor eating habits 141 (70.5%), smoking 120 (60.0%), and excessive alcohol consumption 95 (45.5%). Significant association between hypertension-induced kidney failure and age group was observed (p < 0.002).
Conclusion: Increasing age, obesity, level of education and physical activity were found to be significantly associated with hypertension-induced kidney failure, indicating opportunities for health education and other prevention measures. Sincere efforts are needed to increase the awareness of hypertension through continuous group education courses in the primary health care centers and hospitals.
Gender Differences in Medicare Practice and Payments to Neurosurgeons
Authors: Oshinowo Temitope O. , Rallo Michael S. , Schirmer Clemens M. , Chambless Lola B. 
Published: October 2023

ImportanceDespite efforts to promote diversity within the neurosurgical workforce, individuals from underrepresented groups face significant challenges.ObjectiveTo compare practice metrics and earning potential between female and male neurosurgeons and investigate factors associated with gender disparity in Medicare reimbursement.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cross-sectional study used publicly accessible Medicare data on reimbursements to female and male neurosurgeons for procedural and evaluation and management services delivered in both inpatient and outpatient settings between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2020. Data were analyzed from December 9, 2021, to December 5, 2022.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was the mean annual payments received and charges submitted by female and male neurosurgeons for services rendered between 2013 and 2020. Secondary outcomes included the total number and types of services rendered each year and the number of beneficiaries treated. Univariate and multivariable analyses quantified differences in payment, practice volume, and composition.ResultsA total of 6052 neurosurgeons (5540 men [91.54%]; 512 women [8.46%]) served the Medicare fee-for-service patient population. Female neurosurgeons billed for lesser Medicare charges (mean [SE], $395 851.62 [$19 449.39] vs $766 006.80 [$11 751.66]; P &amp;lt; .001) and were reimbursed substantially less (mean [SE], $69 520.89 [$2701.30] vs $124 324.64 [$1467.93]; P &amp;lt; .001). Multivariable regression controlling for practice volume metrics revealed a persistent reimbursement gap (−$24 885.29 [95% CI, −$27 964.72 to −$21 805.85]; P &amp;lt; .001). Females were reimbursed $24.61 less per service than males even after matching services by code (P = .02).Conclusions and RelevanceThis study found significant gender-based variation in practice patterns and reimbursement among neurosurgeons serving the Medicare fee-for-service population. Female surgeons were reimbursed less than male surgeons when both performed the same primary procedure. Lower mean reimbursement per service may represent divergence in billing and coding practices among females and males that could be the focus of future research or educational initiatives.
Smart Design of Fermi Level Pinning in HfO2‐Based Ferroelectric Memories
Authors: Baumgarten Lutz , Szyjka Thomas , Mittmann Terence , Gloskovskii Andrei , Schlueter Christoph , Mikolajick Thomas , Schroeder Uwe , Müller Martina 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHow and why the reliability of ferroelectric HfO2‐ and HZO (Hf0.5Zr0.5O2)‐based memory devices strongly depends on the choice of electrode materials is currently under intense discussion. Interface conditions such as band alignment, defect formation, and doping are recognized as decisive and interrelated parameters, but a unified picture of the physical mechanisms is still missing. Here, two opposite scenarios of band alignment are found in TiN/HZO/TiN and IrO2/HZO/IrO2using hard X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, revealing on the one hand the conditions for a stable device performance, and the origin of their degradation on the other. As a key difference, TiN electrodes scavenge oxygen from the HZO, while IrO2electrodes supply it. Considering the electronic doping limit of HfO2, a key condition for the stability of ferroelectric devices can be identified: The alignment of the charge neutrality levelwith respect to the metallic Fermi level, which is pinned by the doping limit. Stable device performance can only be achieved for oxygen‐deficient HfO2‐based interfaces, where the Fermi level of the metal electrode is close to the conduction band of the ferroelectric insulator. This empirical model explains the fatigue behavior of HfO2‐based capacitors using either oxygen‐scavenging TiN or oxygen‐supplying IrO2electrodes.
Local Delivery of Glabridin by Biomolecular Microneedle to Accelerate Infected Wound Healing
Authors: Chen Zesheng , Hu Tao , Wang Rui , Huang Bohan , Tu Lingfeng , Wang Guanyi , Li Cao , Dong Binghai , Wang Zijian , Hu Weikang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractApplying antibacterial polymers and pro‐regenerative small molecules are two individual strategies for accelerating wound healing. However, integrating those two unique approaches into one therapeutic platform that meets clinical requirements is still a challenge. Herein, a series of antibacterial gelatin methacrylate (GelMA)/ε‐polylysine (ε‐PL) composite hydrogels (termed as GP‐n HGs, n = 0, 10, 20, and 30, respectively) are innovatively fabricated by ultraviolet light (UV) crosslinking. The GP‐n HGs are proved to be broad‐spectrum antibacterial and biocompatible. Among those GP‐n HGs, the GP‐20 HG is selectively processed into microneedle following a mold‐casting method. Then, the glabridin is loaded into those needles to produce composite microneedle termed GP‐20@Gla MN. An S. aureus‐infected full‐thickness defect model in rats is created to evaluate the wound‐healing effect of GP‐20@Gla MN. Furthermore, an RNA sequencing assay is performed to explore the possible molecular mechanisms of glabridin in promoting tissue regeneration, and many positive routes are summarized. This work is of significant novelty in fulfilling complex clinical needs by simultaneously optimizing the advanced microneedles' chemical compositions and physical structures. This work will provide a promising therapeutic platform for treating infected and chronic wounds.
A One‐Pot, Whole‐Cell Biocatalysis Approach for Vanillin Production using Lignin Oil
Authors: Marić Ivana , Guo Yiming , Fürst Maximilian J. L. J. , Van Aelst Korneel , Van den Bosch Sander , De Simone Mario , Martins Lígia O. , Sels Bert F. , Fraaije Marco W. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractVanillin is a popular and versatile flavor compound, almost entirely produced from petroleum‐derived phenol by a multi‐step chemical synthesis. The process is hazardous to the environment and unsustainable for its fossil oil usage. Therefore, developing environmentally friendly, efficient, and sustainable routes to biobased vanillin is essential. Here, we report on vanillin production from 4‐n‐propylguaiacol (4PG), one of the main components in lignin oil obtained through reductive catalytic fractionation (RCF) of soft wood, by employing recombinant Escherichia coli cells. Conversion is based on the expression of two engineered oxidative enzymes: a 4‐n‐propylguaiacol oxidase and an isoeugenol dioxygenase. A high yield of vanillin, 66% from 4PG in RCF lignin oil was achieved through rounds of optimisation of the whole‐cell conversion process. This high‐performance strategy was readily scaled up to produce vanillin at an unprecedented 18% and 3% yield based on lignin oil and spruce wood respectively. The whole‐cell bioconversion process shows good tolerance even at high loadings of starting material, showcasing the robustness and applicability of the employed biocatalysts. This work paves the way for further development towards the efficient production of high‐titer biobased vanillin using depolymerised lignin as the feedstock.
Model Predictive Control for Nonlinear Systems Under Sample‐and‐Hold Control Structure: An Integral‐Type Double Self‐Triggering Method
Authors: Li Yanxin , Xu Zhongxian , He Lile , Yue Jingwei , He Ning 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study examined the control problem of continuous‐time nonlinear systems under a sample‐and‐hold control structure. A new integral‐type double self‐triggered (ST) model predictive control (MPC) approach is developed by combining a novel ST strategy with MPC, which significantly decreases the sampling frequency of the system, saving computation/communication resources. In contrast to the traditional ST strategy, two integral‐type self‐triggering mechanisms are designed based on the mode of the state and the integral of the difference between the optimal and actual states. In addition, the integral‐type double ST‐MPC algorithm is developed, and the feasibility and stability of the closed‐loop system are rigorously demonstrated. Finally, the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed algorithm are verified by comparing the simulation results with those of existing ST‐MPC methods.
Oszillographische Überspannungsmessungen. I
Authors: Lorenz Wolfgang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDurch oszillographische Registrierung des Spannungs‐Zeit‐Verlaufs bei kurzzeitigen Stromimpulsen ist eine Messung des Polarisationswiderstandes und der Stromspannungskurve der schnellen Elektrodenvorgänge ohne Beeinflussung durch die langsamer anklingende Diffusionspolarisation möglich. Ferner kann in gleicher Weise das Anklingen der Diffusionspolarisation untersucht werden. Meßanordnung und theoretische Grundlagen des Meßverfahrens werden beschrieben.Als Untersuchungsbeispiel wird die Kinetik der Metallelektrolyse an festen Cadmiumelektroden behandelt. Als polarisationsbestimmend erweist sich hier die Ionenentladung. Die Austauschstromdichte wird nach zwei Methoden, der Durchtrittsfaktor nach drei unabhängigen Methoden bestimmt. Die Übereinstimmung ist befriedigend. Das Anklingen der Diffusionspolarisation liefert Aufschlüsse über die Oberflächenrauhigkeit der Elektrode.Die Tatsache, daß bei Cadmium die Ionenentladung polarisationsbestimmend ist, wird zum Schluß an Hand der Kristallisationstheorie diskutiert.
Spektroskopische Bestimmung des Dipolmomentes aromatischer Verbindungen im ersten angeregten Singulettzustand
Authors: Lippert E. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAus dem Einfluß der Orientierungspolarisation des Lösungsmittels auf die Wellenzahl des Fluoreszenzmaximums und desjenigen Absorptionsmaximums, das zum Übergang vom Grundzustand in den fluoreszenzfähigen Anregungszustand gehört, sowie aus dem Dipolmoment des Grundzustandes läßt sich unter bestimmten Bedingungen das Dipolmoment des Anregungszustandes berechnen. Die Methode und die bisher erhaltenen Ergebnisse (Tab. 4) werden dargestellt und diskutiert, und zwar besonders in bezug auf die Bestimmung des Anteils der zwitterionischen Resonanzstrukturen an der Elektronenstruktur des Anregungszustandes der „meropolaren”︁ Verbindungen D–R–A (D = Elektrondonator, A = Akzeptor, R = aromatischkonjugiertes System).
Der Einfluß der Wasserstoffionenkonzentration auf das elektrochemische Verhalten des aktiven Eisens in sauren Lösungen Der Mechanismus der Reaktion Fe ⇌ Fe++ + 2e
Authors: Heusler K. E. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn Lösungen verschiedener Säuren sind an sehr reinem Eisen stationäre Stromspannungskurven in Abhängigkeit von der Wasserstoffionenkonzentration gemessen worden. Es wurden die Potentialänderungen nach sprunghafter Änderung der Stromdichte und die Änderungen der Stromdichte nach sprunghafter Änderung des Potentials verfolgt. Die Erhöhung der Auflösungsgeschwindigkeit des Eisens bei konstantem Potential nach Erhöhung des pH spricht für eine Katalyse durch Hydroxylionen. Auf dieser Grundlage läßt sich ein Mechanismus der Reaktion Fe ⇌ Fe++ + 2e angeben, mit dem man auch in jüngster Zeit bekannt gewordene Messungen der Teilstromspannungskurve der Eisenabscheidung erklären kann.
Korrosion und Sauerstoffüberspannung des passiven Nickels in Schwefelsäure
Authors: Vetter K. J. , Arnold K. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDie Aufnahme von potentiostatischen Stromdichte‐Potential‐Kurven und die chemisch‐analytische Bestimmung der Korrosionsgeschwindigkeit in Abhängigkeit vom Potential des passiven Nickels in Schwefelsaure bei 25°C im pH‐Bereich von 0,3 bis 4 zeigen, daß die anodische Stromdichteivom Potential stark abhängig ist und bei dem Potential ϵh max = 1,665‐0,084‐pH (V) ein Maximum besitzt, das ein Maximum der Korrosionsäquivalentstromdichteikist. In einem weiten Potentialbereich folgt logikeiner Tafel‐Gera‐den, die nahezu unabhängig vompH‐Wett ist (b= 140 mV). Bei Potentialen etwa ϵh< ϵh, max isti= bei ϵh,> ϵhmax isti>ik. Die Differenzi‐ik=iO2, wird als TeilstromdichteiO2, der Sauerstoffabscheidung angesehen, die einer Tafel‐Gleichung (b= 83 mV) gehorcht. Die Sauerstoffüberspannung ist nahezu unabhängig vom pH‐Wert.Nach dem Maximum folgt ein Stromdichteminimum, das durch die Überlagerung der kleiner werdenden Korrosionsstromdichte und der ansteigenden Teilstromdichte der Sauerstoffabscheidung erklärt wird. Die Stromdichte‐Potential‐Kurven sind unabhängig von der Rührung und der Ni2+‐Ionenkonzentration des Elektrolyten.Als Ursache des Maximums der Korrosion wird die Oxydation einer NiO2‐Passivschicht zu NiOadiskutiert und eine Deutung der pn‐Abhängigkeit von ϵh, max vorgeschlagen. Die Passivschicht des Nickels besitzt eine gute Elektronenleitfähigkeit. Ihr Ohmscher Widerstand für Elektronen istRe< 1 Ω cm2.
Zur Kinetik der Elektrodenreaktion [Hg(CN4)]− + 2e−→ + 4CN−
Authors: Pérez‐Férnandez Mercedes , Gerischer Heinz 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDie Kinetik der obigen Reaktion wurde mit Hilfe von Impulsmethoden untersucht. Es ergab sich, daß die Reaktion über folgende Teilreaktionen verläuft:equation imageBei großer, kathodischer Überspannung wird die Reaktion durch elektrostatische Abstoßung der negativen Ionen in der elektrischen Doppelschicht gehemmt, wie aus polarographischen Untersuchungen schon länger bekannt war. Diese Hemmung zeigt sich sehr deutlich auch in dem Ablauf des Stromes bei potentiostatischen Einschaltvorgängen.
Magnetic helicity, weak solutions and relaxation of ideal MHD
Authors: Faraco Daniel , Lindberg Sauli , Székelyhidi László 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe revisit the issue of conservation of magnetic helicity and the Woltjer‐Taylor relaxation theory in magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) in the context of weak solutions. We introduce a relaxed system for the ideal MHD system, which decouples the effects of hydrodynamic turbulence such as the appearance of a Reynolds stress term from the magnetic helicity conservation in a manner consistent with observations in plasma turbulence. As by‐products we answer two open questions in the field: We show the sharpness of the L3 integrability condition for magnetic helicity conservation and provide turbulent bounded solutions for ideal MHD dissipating energy and cross helicity but with (arbitrary) constant magnetic helicity.
Insight into a two‐part plant breeding scheme through Bayesian optimization of budget allocations
Authors: Jannink Jean‐Luc , Astudillo Raul , Frazier Peter 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe total budget of a breeding program must be divided across its different parts to maximize gain. How to optimize budget allocations for a two‐part strategy breeding scheme is an unsolved problem. We used Bayesian optimization coupled with stochastic simulations of breeding schemes to determine budget allocations that maximized gain. The breeding schemes focused on a clonal crop and included a population improvement cycle (PIC) allowing one or two breeding cycles per year leading to phenotypic evaluations in a variety development pipeline (VDP) with three stages. The gain was maximized at target years 6 or 12 after initiation of genomic selection. The breeding scheme was simulated using the AlphaSimR package. Bayesian optimization was implemented using the BoTorch module of Python to optimize budget allocations to the PIC and each stage of the VDP. Allocations to the last stage of the VDP were small because information from that stage was relatively ineffective at improving genomic prediction accuracy. An unexpected interaction between the number of PIC cycles and the target year for gain affected the budget of the PIC and could be explained by conflicting needs to increase gain in the VDP or increase genomic prediction accuracy. Divergent budget allocations could generate selection gains close to the maximum, indicating some leeway in the design of breeding schemes. Simple rules of thumb for heuristic optimization did not emerge, suggesting that breeders will need to rely on simulation coupled to optimization.
Bioaccumulation of Linear Siloxanes in Fish
Authors: Cantu Mark A. , Gobas Frank A. P. C. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The bioaccumulation behavior, including the uptake, internal distribution, depuration, and biotransformation rates, of three widely used linear methyl-siloxanes was investigated in rainbow trout. Dietary uptake efficiencies of octamethyltrisiloxane (L3), decamethyltetrasiloxane (L4), and dodecamethylpentasiloxane (L5) were 15% (3.3% standard error [SE]), 8.6% (1.4% SE), and 15% (1.8% SE), respectively, and for L3 and L4 were well below those of nonmetabolizable reference chemicals with similar octanol–water partition coefficients, suggesting significant intestinal biotransformation of L3 and L4. Somatic biotransformation rate constants were 0.024 (0.003 SE) day–1 for L3 and 0.0045 (0.0053 SE) day–1 for L4 and could not be determined for L5. Lipid-normalized biomagnification factors for L3, L4, and L5 were 0.24 (0.02 SE), 0.24 (0.01 SE), and 0.62 (0.05 SE) kg-lipid kg-lipid–1, respectively. Bioconcentration factors standardized to a 5% lipid content fish for water in Canadian oligotrophic lakes with a dissolved organic carbon content of 7.1 mg L–1 were 2787 (354 SE) for L3, 2689 (312 SE) for L4, and 1705 (418 SE) L kg-wet weight–1, respectively, and 3085 (392 SE) for L3, 4227 (490 SE) for L4, and 3831 (938 SE) L kg-wet weight–1 in water with a dissolved organic carbon content of 2.0 mg L–1. A comparison of 238 bioaccumulation profiles for 166 different chemicals shows that the bioaccumulation profiles for L3, L4, and L5 are vastly different from those of other very hydrophobic compounds found in the environment. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:42–51. © 2023 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.