bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non-canonical questions as first moves in a dialogue
Authors: Trotzke Andreas 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Chapter 7 looks in more detail into the pragmatic properties of some types of non-canonical questions and asks whether some pragmatic aspects that can be observed in the context of dialogue sequences should be represented in the syntax. The chapter focuses on features of non-canonical questions as first moves in a dialogue, and it discusses the fundamental distinction between a request for information and a request for affirmation in this domain. Some expressive non-canonical questions share many aspects with exclamation speech acts, and the chapter will explore to what extent they should also be analyzed along the lines of exclamations. Given this discussion, the last section of Chapter 7 summarizes some consequences for the syntactic analysis of some of the expressive types of non-canonical questions.
A Theoretical Framework of Survival
Authors: Engler Sarah 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter introduces the theoretical framework of party survival. It first shows that existing theories of party survival cannot explain centrist anti-establishment parties’ (CAPs’) survival. First, CAPs are usually built around single personalities and lack strong organizational structures. Even if some CAPs invest in their organizations, my empirical analysis shows that differences in organizational strength cannot explain the patterns of CAP survival. The same is true when we focus on CAPs’ participation in government. The chapter thus introduces three strategies of survival and argues that a CAP can only survive if it either (i) reframes its protest strategy and redefines who the “true elite” is, (ii) adopts a genuine anti-corruption strategy, or (iii) transforms into a mainstream party. Each strategy relies on a different theoretical foundation of CAPs’ electoral support (protest voting, issue voting, or ideological voting), while keeping at least one of their original characteristics.
The Micro Level
Authors: Davis Cross Mai'a K. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The first chapter looks at the micro level of analysis—the biology of the brain, cognition, and genetics—which provides an important basis for understanding how humans are, in some ways, hard-wired to be natural cooperators. Social neuroscientists have made some exciting discoveries in support of the notion that humans are fundamentally motivated by our sociality. As we move from biology, to culture, to politics, layering these findings is useful in demonstrating why we are anchored in an ultrasocial landscape. It is worth noting that humans across the world, from a vast range of different cultures and languages, have very similar mental processes. Human emotion, language, candid facial expressions—mental computations in general—are likely universal across the globe.
Conclusion to Part II
Authors: Davis Cross Mai'a K. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The power of possibility and idealistic aspiration are an integral part, if not a driving force, of European integration over the decades. Without some sense of idealism, this unprecedented experiment at international cooperation would never have got off the ground. With the emergence of the federalist idea in Europe, a transnational societal-level movement grew, and the possibility of an integrated Europe was discussed in social clubs, groups, and committees across Europe. A range of actors and members of society have since been carriers of the federalist idea. European leaders had come to believe that only through ceding national sovereignty to the supranational level would peace truly be possible. Ultimately, this initiative, originating in Europe, became the most advanced and successful experiment in transforming a region with centuries of violent conflict into one of enduring, and even permanent, peace.
The Nuclear Taboo and Disarmament
Authors: Davis Cross Mai'a K. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Chapter 12 shows how the nuclear non-use idea had the effect of radically transforming the conduct of war on the part of governments, even as some government and military leaders initially resisted it. The influence and visibility of the anti-nuclear movement came in waves, but the transcendent nature of the non-use idea, the optimism that accompanied it, and the new narrative surrounding it made the idea resilient when it came under threat. Emergent ideas that tap into the power of possibility and resonate with our ultrasocial inclinations are often very persuasive, especially if they envision transcendent change. To be sure, these ideas still face competition and are regularly tested by norm violators and those who seek to undermine past ultrasocial consensus, but the underlying societal context—with its tendency toward peace and cooperation—should be an important part of our understanding.
Conclusion to Part IV
Authors: Davis Cross Mai'a K. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Part IV of this book highlights the ultrasocial context underlying the emergence, solidification, and spread of the nuclear weapons taboo, which eventually led to significant policy transformation around the world. What started out as a dangerous game of nuclear one-upmanship, including the actual use of nuclear weapons at Hiroshima and Nagasaki, quickly developed into the widely held belief that these weapons should never be used. The non-use idea was not only a reaction against its consequences but also a parallel sense of optimism for what such opposition could mean for world order and peaceful co-existence. In striving to explain a nearly eighty-year pattern of non-use, an ultrasocial approach draws attention to how a compelling idea, grounded in empathy and a sense of common humanity, led to the strongest societal movement in modern times.
Responding to Hostile Environments
Authors: Bulley Dan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
How are we to respond to hostile environments? And how can a relational ethics help when it refuses to offer firm moral guidance to government or civil society? Once again, we start from what is already done, how hospitality is already practised, and responsibility accepted all over the world in everyday living, organising and activism. The first section uses examples from Europe, Africa, Latin America, and the Middle East to outline four ways in which responses are being animated by ‘disobedient’ hospitality practices that accept responsibility for immigrants. Though never unproblematic, these practices show what is possible. The second section seeks to make theoretical sense of these themes, seeing them as ways of opposing the moral immunity claimed by hostile environments. Using the work of Donna Haraway, it makes the case for a relational ethics of hospitality that cultivates the ability to respond: our response-ability in the face of abandonment.
Trading Mechanics and Market Structure
Authors: Foucault Thierry , Pagano Marco , Röell Ailsa 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter discusses the organization of securities markets. A trading mechanism defines the “rules of the game” that market participants must follow: it determines the actions they can take, their information about other market participants’ actions, and the protocol for matching buy and sell orders. Trading mechanisms can essentially be viewed as variations of two basic structures: limit order markets and dealer markets. Section 1.2 describes how each mechanism operates, illustrates market structures that combine elements of both, and shows that each prototypical mechanism itself can vary in important ways, such as the degree of transparency and the frequency of trades. Section 1.3 previews some empirical studies that compare limit order and dealer markets or investigate markets with different degrees of transparency. Section 1.4 discusses the evolution of market structure.
Measuring Liquidity
Authors: Foucault Thierry , Pagano Marco , Röell Ailsa 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter discusses the measurement of liquidity in security markets. It starts from the distinction between explicit and implicit trading costs, and focuses on how implicit trading costs can be measured, depending on availability of different data about the trading process. Section 2.2 presents various measures of the bid-ask spread that can be constructed using quote and transaction data (the quoted spread, the effective spread and the realized spread). Section 2.3 shows how to measure implicit trading costs when only transaction data are available, such as deviations of transaction prices from the volume-weighted average price (VWAP), non-trading measures based on no change in transaction prices, and Roll’s measure of the bid-ask spread. It also discusses measures of price impact, which require midprice and order imbalance data. All these measures, however, neglect the time dimension of implicit trading costs: if traders are willing to trickle their orders into the market gradually, they may get a better average price, at the risk of incomplete execution. Section 2.4 discusses the notion of implementation shortfall, a measure of execution quality that considers not only the price impact of orders but also the opportunity cost of delayed or partial execution.
Limit Order Book Markets
Authors: Foucault Thierry , Pagano Marco , Röell Ailsa 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter discusses limit order book (LOB) markets. Section 6.2 analyzes a static model of the optimal bidding strategies for limit order traders and Section 6.3 applies the model to study various issues regarding the design of limit order markets: the impact of tick size, the role of priority rules, and the role of designated liquidity suppliers. Understanding the choice between market and limit orders is important, as the viability of limit order markets depends critically on traders choosing both types of order. Thus, Section 6.4 analyzes this choice. The models this chapter develops are useful in analyzing data on trades and quotes in limit order markets, i.e., snapshots of LOBs at various points in time and flows of (market and limit) orders over a period of time.
Market Transparency
Authors: Foucault Thierry , Pagano Marco , Röell Ailsa 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter discusses the issue of transparency in securities markets. It covers pre-trade transparency, post-trade transparency, and disclosure of traders’ identities. It demonstrates that transparency about quotes, orders, and traders’ presumed trading motives generally enhances market liquidity, at least as far as uninformed traders are concerned. However, it also highlights that some forms of opaqueness do have merits. The chapter also addresses the question of why markets are so opaque.
Liquidity, Price Discovery, and Corporate Policies
Authors: Foucault Thierry , Pagano Marco , Röell Ailsa 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter focuses on how liquidity affects some key decisions of companies, namely, their real investment decisions, their corporate governance and their managerial compensation. Section 10.2 examines the mechanisms through which liquidity affects firms’ investment. Section 10.3 considers how liquidity affects the governance of firms, and specifically whether it discourages the formation of large shareholding stakes and therefore the probability that management will be monitored by a large shareholder. Section 10.4 investigates the link between the accuracy of price discovery, the quality of firms’ investment decisions, and their ability to incentivize managers by indexing executives’ compensation on stock prices. Section 10.5 considers the reverse causal link, which is to say, actions that firms themselves can take to fine-tune the liquidity of their securities.
Pleasure and Beyond
Authors: Zatorre Robert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Most people report that music reliably generates emotions. Emotional arousal can be traced to the interaction between mechanisms involved in perception, memory, and other cognitive functions with the striatum, amygdala, and other limbic structures. Several factors are associated with portraying and conveying emotion, including social aspects, movement cues, vocal features, roughness or dissonance, and memory. Preference for specific musical pieces or styles is strongly influenced by emotional arousal experienced during adolescence, which is linked to a dopaminergic surge in the striatum during that time of life. Music can be used for emotional self-regulation via psychological mechanisms, such as reappraisal, which seem to involve top-down modulation from frontal cortex onto striatum and amygdala.
A Human Rights-Based Approach to Justice in Social Work Practice
Authors: Gatenio Gabel Shirley 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
At the founding of the social work profession, social workers were human rights defenders who sought justice for the people they worked with by advocating for societal reforms and helping people manage everyday challenges in their lives. This book presents a human rights-based approach toward justice in social work practice that is in line with its roots and the intentions of social work’s founders. A rights-based approach seeks to transform societies by creating systems of care premised on respect and dignity for all, always. This approach requires the full participation of impacted individuals and communities to create systems supportive of human rights and economic, social, and environmental justice. Readers will be challenged to think critically about the social infrastructure we have built, who benefits from it, who doesn’t, and how it perpetuates inequities. Justice is framed as the realization of one’s human rights. Using case examples and exercises, readers are guided on implementing and integrating a rights-based approach to justice in their social work practice.
American Exceptionalism to International Human Rights Laws
Authors: Gatenio Gabel Shirley 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter discusses the concepts of American exceptionalism and international human rights laws. American exceptionalism refers to the fact that the United States has exempted itself from most international human rights mechanisms while calling out other countries that have fallen short of realizing their citizens’ human rights. The absence of U.S. consent to most international human rights instruments weakens the legal standards that Americans have worked diligently to create and propagate. The chapter explains how the United States believes its Constitution embodies all the rights in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR). Since political climates prioritize issues and the realization of human rights, social workers must advocate for access to human rights for all and incorporate a rights-based approach in their work.
Social Identities, Positionality, and Intersectionality
Authors: Gatenio Gabel Shirley 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter discusses the significance of social identities, positionality, and intersectionality. It starts with the social identity theory, which explains the process of how people identify themselves and develop prejudices and stereotypes. The theory of intersectionality describes how multiple identities combine, sometimes privileging certain identities and marginalizing others. Thus, intersectionality is a framework grounded in the idea that human experience and identity are shaped by multiple social positions and cannot be understood by independently considering social positions. The chapter concludes by discussing how social workers should consider intersectionality when dealing with individuals so as not to reinforce heteronormativity or existing power structures.
What Is Justice?
Authors: Gatenio Gabel Shirley 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter emphasizes that societal concepts of justice shift all the time, especially when it reflects the people’s past and current culture. Injustice may reflect unjust institutions, procedures, allocations, decision-making, or punishment. Even though perspectives on justice are typically codified in law, justice can also be defined and heralded by common practice within a culture, community, or country. The chapter explains the different types of justice and the implications they have for socioeconomic, political, civil, and criminal justice. It discusses the definition of justice under social work, noting how the history of the profession was influenced by the dual definitions of social justice.
The New Suburbia
Authors: Nicolaides Becky M. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The New Suburbia explores how the suburbs transitioned from bastions of segregation into spaces of multiracial living. They are the second generation of suburbs after 1945, moving from starkly segregated whiteness into a more varied, uneven social landscape. The suburbs came to hold a broad cross-section of people—rich, poor, Black American, Latino, Asian, immigrant, the unhoused, and the lavishly housed, and everyone in between. In the new suburbia, white advantage persisted, but it existed alongside rising inequality, ethnic and racial diversity, and new family configurations. Through it all, the common denominators of suburbia remained—low-slung landscapes of single-family homes and yards and families seeking the good life. On this familiar landscape, the American dream endured even as the dreamers changed. The New Suburbia focuses on Los Angeles, at the vanguard of this trend. It tells stories of the Asian Americans, Black Americans, and Latinos who moved into white suburbs that once barred them. They bought homes, enrolled their children in schools, and began navigating suburban life. Internal divisions surfaced in some communities—between homeowners and renters, citizens and noncitizens, long-term residents and the newly arrived. In some cases, diverse suburbanites continued long-lived habits of resisting the poor, the unhoused, renters, even ethnic landscapes, and that resistance became multiracial. The end result was persistent inequality across the metropolis even as the suburbs became much more diverse. At the same time, the new suburbia witnessed the arrival of more inclusive values, pointing the way toward an emerging multicultural suburban ideal.
Suburban Political and Civic Cultures, Across the Spectrum
Authors: Nicolaides Becky M. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Suburban ideals and political cultures existed along a spectrum in Los Angeles after 1970. At one end were towns that embraced well-established suburban ideals and defensive homeowner politics devoted to protecting homes and communities from perceived threats. In these efforts, residents used the language of property rights, localism, neighborhood schools, and “quality of life.” At the other end were suburbs that embraced a more inclusive, multicultural suburban ideal that accepted ethnic and racial newcomers, their spatial practices, and in some cases low-income residents by allowing multifamily housing. Several arenas illustrated these variations: the “warmth of welcome” ethnic newcomers received in suburbia, suburban responses to undocumented immigrants and day laborers who represented the working poor, and suburbs that displayed progressive ideals and politics. Electoral politics around immigrant rights, law and order, and taxation showed that diverse suburbanites embraced politics that privileged the interests of homeowners, revealing the limits of racial liberalism.
White Flight Within
Authors: Nicolaides Becky M. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Pasadena’s history illustrates the impact of racial change on suburban social and civic life. In the wake of desegregation, residents struggled to come to terms with a new civic commitment to racial equality. While many whites fled Pasadena, others stayed, but a kind of “internal white flight” took hold as they withdrew from the public sphere, opting for private schools, private clubs, and sequestered neighborhoods. Along with affluent whites who long inhabited this privatized social realm, more middle-class whites joined this retreat into insular social realms where social and civic engagement remained robust. But there were scattered examples where people breached the stubborn divides of class and race. In settings like the Junior League, the Interracial Woman’s Club, and Altadena Baptist Church, diversity became a driver of engagement, not its spoiler. These sites of participation suggested nascent expressions of a new, multiracial suburban ideal.
Grammar and Grammarians, Linguistic and Social Change from Gellius to Macrobius
Authors: Holford-Strevens Leofranc 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter considers in detail the linguistic views of Aulus Gellius. Gellius tends to speak in a tone of gentlemanly superiority toward professional grammarians: he is dismissive of their normative and dogmatic approach to language, which relies on simplistic rules that are not actually supported by the ancient authors. Gellius instead adopts a more nuanced position, showing awareness that older Latin was not uniform and that the gulf between the literary standard and contemporary everyday speech was continuing to widen in the second century. The chapter also mentions the opinions of later authors, including Ausonius, Macrobius, and Servius.
Language Variation and Grammatical Theory in Roman Legal Texts
Authors: Ferri Rolando 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Ferri identifies many points of contact between the writings of grammatici and the jurists who put their theories to use in resolving concrete legal difficulties. Particularly noteworthy are the jurists’ discussion of lexical meaning, regional differences, the pragmatics of spoken communication, and speakers’ linguistic errors. The Digest is shown to be a rich repository of meta-linguistic reflection about different kinds of linguistic, drawing on and supplementing ancient grammatical sources.
Face the Facts
Authors: Dodds Sherril 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The final chapter brings the book to a close by returning to the two research questions: What does the face do in dance, and what does it mean? It concludes that facial choreographies engender opportunity for startling creativity, the articulation of identity, a cathartic expression of feelings and attitudes, and a critical capacity to undercut previously held assumptions. It then looks at the state-mandated masking of the face through the global COVID-19 pandemic and the implications of this for popular dance. It briefly addresses the ubiquity of dance on the social media platform TikTok and how the face plays a spectacular role in TikTok performance.
Truth
Authors: Incurvati Luca , Schlöder Julian J. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter presents an inferential expressivist account of the truth predicate. On this account, the meaning of the truth predicate is explained without appealing to its purported referent, but in terms of its inferential connections to the speech acts of strong assertion and strong rejection. The chapter shows that this inferential expressivist approach allows one to retain the functionalist insights of deflationary accounts of truth while avoiding the Frege-Geach Problem. The chapter goes on to propose a novel diagnosis and solution of the Liar Paradox and a host of revenge paradoxes based on the idea that the truth rules preserve commitment but not evidence. The upshot is a theory of truth bearing deep similarities with supervaluational approaches. The chapter ends by discussing whether and to what extent inferential expressivism is compatible with a realist view of the area of discourse to which it is applied.