bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of Preformed Floc Adsorbents in the Removal of Acid Dye from an Aqueous Solution
Authors: Nijagala Munilakshmi , Vallameti Uday Kumar 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPreformed flocs prepared by using coagulants, i.e. Fe2(SO4)3, MnSO4.4H2O, and MnCl2.4H2O, were applied as adsorbents for the decolorization of an aqueous C.I. Acid Red 1 dye solution. In order to determine the decolorizing efficiency of different adsorbents, kinetic and equilibrium studies were carried out at the optimum pH. Excellent color removal of 87 % was obtained with Fe2(SO4)3 at pH 4, good color removal of 65 % was achieved with manganese sulfate at pH 10, and moderate color removal of 58 % was obtained with manganese chloride at pH 10, at an optimum sorbent dose of 500 mg L−1 and an equilibrium contact time of 15 min. The sorption data of the equilibrium studies fitted well to the Langmuir isotherm, stating the occurrence of monolayer formation in the adsorption process of dye color removal. The maximum adsorption capacities of ferric sulfate and manganese sulfate are 47.619 and 23.474 mg g−1, respectively. The data of the kinetic studies fitted well to the pseudo‐second‐order equation, stating that chemisorption is the rate‐limiting step.
“Fluorine Effects” in Conformational Orchestration of α/β Hybrid Peptide with a 9‐membered Pseudo β‐Turn Motif
Authors: Patel Karma , Karmakar Sintu , Tothadi Srinu , Reddy J Prakasha , Prabhakaran Panchami 
Published: January 2024

AbstractFluorine, the tiny robust atom, with its unique features has captured the attention of scientists in recent times, especially in drug discovery with its integration in small molecules, peptides, and proteins. However, studies to understand the ‘fluorine effects’ on the conformation of molecules that follow ‘beyond the rule of 5’ are in the infancy yet significant in molecular design and function. For the first time, using short hybrid peptide sequence as an appropriate model, we examined the substitution effect (size, stereoelectronic effect, and hydrogen bonding) using X‐ray diffraction, 2D‐NMR, and CD studies. The comparative study on their folding patterns with hydrogen‐substituted analogs can provide valuable insights into fluorinated substrates’ design.
Immune checkpoint inhibitor use and the incidence of hepatitis B virus reactivation or immune‐related hepatitis in non–small cell lung cancer patients with chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Hong Joohyun , Lee Jiyun , Park Sehhoon , Jung Hyun‐Ae , Sun Jong‐Mu , Lee Se‐Hoon , Ahn Jin Seok , Sinn Dong Hyun , Ahn Myung‐Ju 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe safety of immune‐checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has not been thoroughly investigated in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) or occult hepatitis B infection (OBI). The authors analyzed the incidence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation, immune‐related hepatitis and jaundice in NSCLC patients in a real‐world setting.MethodsA total of 1277 NSCLC patients treated with ICIs were analyzed. Among them, 52 patients were hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) (+) (group A, CHB), 759 patients were HBsAg (–)/hepatitis B core antibody immunoglobulin G (anti‐HBc IgG) (+) (group B, OBI), and 466 patients were HBsAg (–)/anti‐HBc IgG (–) (group C). Among the 52 patients with CHB, 38 (73.1%) were receiving antiviral therapy. The primary end point was HBV reactivation, immune‐related hepatitis, and jaundice. The secondary end points included other immune‐related adverse events and efficacy.ResultsHBV reactivation was observed in two patients (0.2%) who were both in group A (CHB). Among CHB patients who were not receiving antiviral therapy, HBV reactivation was observed in 14.3% (2 of 14 patients). The incidences of immune‐related hepatitis and jaundice were comparable among the three groups. The incidence of ≥grade 3 other immune‐related adverse events and efficacy were all comparable among the three groups (p > .05 for all comparisons).ConclusionsIn this large, real‐world cohort study, the safety and efficacy of ICIs were comparable in patients with CHB and OBI. HBV reactivation was observed in patients with CHB without antiviral therapy indicating antiviral prophylaxis should be required for them. For patients with OBI, the risk of HBV reactivation was minimal.
Recent advances and perspective on transition metal heterogeneous catalysts for efficient electrochemical water splitting
Authors: Mu Yidan , Ma Rongpeng , Xue Shoufeng , Shang Huaifang , Lu Wenbo , Jiao Lifang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe development of advanced technology for producing high‐purity and low‐cost hydrogen is crucial for the upcoming hydrogen economy. One of the most promising technologies to achieve carbon peak and carbon neutrality is hydrogen production through water electrolysis coupled with renewable energy. However, the efficiency of water electrolysis is limited by the catalyst material employed, thereby the pursuit of highly efficient catalysts is of paramount scientific significance. In this review, we focus on the synthesis of electrocatalysts for the hydrogen/oxygen evolution reaction (HER/OER) through various strategies such as hydrogen spillover, heterostructure construction, element doping, monatomic construction, LDH structure modification, high entropy alloy, and other approaches. The article also provides a comprehensive overview of the challenges encountered in enhancing the activity, stability, and durability of transition metal heterogeneous catalysts for both HER and OER. Moreover, the mechanisms of HER and OER are illustrated. The electrocatalysts prepared by these strategies have exhibited promising results in terms of water splitting performance. However, there are still unresolved issues that need to be addressed, such as improving long‐term stability and reducing overall cost. Future prospects include exploring new materials and optimizing the preparation methods to further enhance the electrocatalytic activity.
The Corn Chronicles: Knowing Corn’s Past Helps Next Season’s Hybrid Selection
Authors: May DJ 
Published: January 2024

AbstractToday, 90 million acres are planted in corn in the U.S., producing an average of roughly 15 billion bushels per year (https://bit.ly/3SE9T8F). Corn yields have increased tremendously since the 30 bu/ac days of the 1930s when Reid’s Yellow Dent was just facing competition from the first batches of hybrid corn. This article looks at the development and improvement of hybrid corn over the years and provides tips for selecting next season’s hybrids. Earn 1 CEU in Crop Management by reading this article and taking the quiz at https://web.sciencesocieties.org/Learning‐Center/Courses.
Responsiveness of Arabica coffee cultivars to skeleton pruning in a low‐altitude region
Authors: Filla Vinicius Augusto , Coelho Anderson Prates , Meirelles Flávia Constantino , Cavalcante Adailza Guilherme , Oliveira Neuza Helena Carvalho de , Lemos Leandro Borges 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSkeleton pruning is a type of pruning that, by cutting lateral branches (plagiotropic), allows the reinvigoration of coffee plants through the renewal of productive branches. The crop response to this management may be affected by several factors, such as the trees age, crop practices, and, mainly, the genotype. This study aimed to identify the Arabica coffee cultivars with greatest responsiveness to skeleton pruning and desirable productive and qualitative characteristics in a low‐altitude region. The experiment was conducted in northeastern São Paulo state, Brazil, at an altitude of 565 m. The experimental design was randomized blocks with four replicates, and the treatments consisted of 17 short‐stature Arabica coffee cultivars. On average, the responsiveness of the cultivars to pruning was 32% in the first year and 14% in the second year. The cultivars IAC Catuaí SH3, IAC Ouro Verde, IAC Obatã 4739, Tupi IAC 1669‐33, Catiguá MG1, Oeiras MG 6851, Pau‐Brasil MG1, Sacramento MG1, IPR 99, IPR 103, and Sabiá Tardio were responsive to skeleton pruning. Among these, Catiguá, Oeiras, Sacramento, and Sabiá stood out with pruning responsiveness above 45%. The cultivars Obatã IAC 4739, Tupi IAC 1669‐33, and Catuaí SH3 stood out in terms of yield, with an average between 40 and 50 bags ha−1. In addition to high yields, the cultivar Obatã IAC 4739 obtained grains with higher weight and sieve 17. Skeleton pruning was found to be genotype dependent and emerged as a viable alternative for revitalizing Arabica coffee cultivars in low‐altitude regions.
Employees' positive perceptions of corporate social responsibility create beneficial outcomes for firms and their employees: Organizational pride as a mediator
Authors: Schaefer Sarah Desiree , Cunningham Peggy , Diehl Sandra , Terlutter Ralf 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe studied employees' responses to the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) program implemented within the Canadian headquarters of a global consumer goods company. Our study is timely since recent studies indicate that employees place more importance on CSR activities when evaluating current or prospective employers. A novel theoretical contribution of our study is that we combine social identity theory and the theory of appraisal of emotions to better understand employee responses. We developed and tested a model that indicates that employees' evaluation and perceptions of the authenticity of their company's CSR efforts can create both firm‐beneficial (loyalty, trust in management, positive word‐of‐mouth) and employee‐beneficial outcomes (job satisfaction, emotional well‐being). The impact of CSR does not result directly—it is mediated by organizational pride. We also collected qualitative data that suggested that the company's CSR initiatives can contribute to employees' sense of meaning of their work. We discuss implications for researchers and managers, as well as limitations of the study.
Chemically robust superhydrophobic surfaces with a self‐replenishing nanoscale liquid coating
Authors: Zhou Xiaoteng , Sudersan Pranav , Diaz Diego , Leibauer Benjamin , Hinduja Chirag , Darvish Fahimeh , Bista Pravash , Hauer Lukas , Wagner Manfred , Steffen Werner , Liu Jie , Kappl Michael , Butt Hans‐Jürgen 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDue to poor chemical robustness, superhydrophobic surfaces become susceptible to failure, especially in a highly oxidative environment. To ensure the long‐term efficacy of these surfaces, a more stable and environmentally friendly coating is required to replace the conventional salinization layers. Here, soot‐templated surfaces with re‐entrant nanostructures are precoated with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) brushes. An additional nanometer‐thick lubricant layer of PDMS was then applied to increase chemical stability. The surface is superhydrophobic with a nanoscale liquid coating. Since the lubricant layer is thin, ridge formation is suppressed, which leads to low drop sliding friction and fast drop shedding. By introducing a bottom “reservoir” of a free lubricant as an oil source for self‐replenishing to the upper layer, the superhydrophobic surface becomes more stable and heals spontaneously in response to alkali erosion and O2 plasma exposure. This design also leads to a higher icing delay time and faster removal of impacting cooled water drops than for uncoated surfaces, preventing icing at low temperatures.
A process‐based water stable isotope mixing model for plant water sourcing
Authors: Neil Eric J. , Fu Han , Si Bingcheng 
Published: January 2024

AbstractStable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen in water are common tools for investigating water uptake apportionment, but many of the existing methods rely on simple linear mixing approaches that do not mechanistically incorporate additional information about site physical properties and conditions. Here, we develop a ‘physically based root water uptake isotope mixing estimation’ model (PRIME) that combines a continuous and parametric probability density function for root water uptake with site physical data in a process‐based linear mixing framework. To demonstrate the application of PRIME, water uptake patterns of boreal forest Pinus banksiana trees were estimated on four dates in 2019. To aid in validation, estimates were compared with that of the Bayesian linear mixing model framework, MixSIAR. The two approaches provided similar results, but due to its continuous and parametric nature, PRIME provided estimates of superior resolution, certainty, and model parsimony. Although both models incorporate additional physical information into their mixing frameworks, PRIME does so in a mechanistic manner, thereby reflecting the relevant hydrological processes more effectively than the purely empirical approach taken by MixSIAR. Furthermore, because PRIME uses a continuous function to describe the predicted uptake pattern, it allows users to quantify water uptake with essentially infinite resolution, through integration over the desired depth ranges. These findings demonstrate the advantages of utilizing a continuous, parametric, and process‐based mixing model to estimate root water uptake apportionment, thus providing a relatively simple yet powerful tool with which to approach plant water sourcing.
The correlation between albumin‐corrected anion gap and prognosis in patients with acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Sheng Haiying , Lu Jianhong , Zhong Lei , Hu Beiping , Sun Xu , Dong Huifeng 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAimsAcute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a cardiovascular disease with high morbidity and mortality. We collected patients with AMI from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (v2.0) database and explored the association between serum albumin‐corrected anion gap (ACAG) level and mortality in patients with AMI.Methods and resultsData of adult patients with AMI were collected. According to the 360 day prognosis, patients were divided into survival and non‐survival groups. Based on the ACAG level, patients were then divided into normal and high ACAG groups. Cox hazard proportional models and restricted cubic splines (RCSs) were used to investigate the correlation between ACAG and mortality. Kaplan–Meier curves were created to compare the cumulative survival rates between the high and normal ACAG groups. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyse the predictive value of ACAG for the prognosis of patients with AMI. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses were conducted to revalidate the results. Finally, 1783 patients were included. Elevated ACAG (>20 mmol/L) was significantly associated with 30 and 360 day mortality (P < 0.001). Adjusted for multiple confounding factors, the Cox proportional hazard analysis showed that elevated ACAG (>20 mmol/L) was an independent risk factor of increased all‐cause mortality in patients with AMI (hazard ratio 1.423, 95% confidence interval 1.206–1.678, P < 0.001). RCS analysis further showed that there was a non‐linear trend relationship between ACAG and the risk of all‐cause mortality at 30 and 360 days (χ2 = 10.750, P = 0.013; χ2 = 13.960, P = 0.003). Kaplan–Meier survival curves showed that the 30 and 360 day cumulative survival rates of patients with AMI were significantly lower (log‐rank test, χ2 = 98.880, P < 0.001; χ2 = 105.440, P < 0.001) in the high ACAG group. ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of ACAG was 0.651, while the AUC of anion gap (AG) was 0.609, indicating that ACAG had a higher predictive value for 360 day mortality than AG. When combined with Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score, the predictive performance of ACAG for 360 day mortality was better, with an AUC of 0.699. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses were conducted suggesting the stability of our results.ConclusionsElevated serum ACAG (≥20 mmol/L) is an independent risk factor for short‐term and long‐term mortality in critically ill patients with AMI, and it may assist clinicians and nurses identifying high‐risk patients.
Ground motion models for regions with limited data: Data‐driven approach
Authors: Sreenath Vemula , Basu Jahnabi , Raghukanth S. T. G. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe ground motion model (GMM) for response spectra is crucial to hazard studies and structural design. GMM developed for regions with abundant data can capture appropriate spectral attenuation characteristics. However, several seismically active regions, such as the Himalayas, have limited recorded data, and thus, traditionally, simulated, or other regional data are supplemented with the available data for developing a GMM. Despite data augmentation, GMMs developed for such regions cannot appropriately depict attenuation characteristics. Therefore, the paper presents a comprehensive study encompassing the development of data‐driven approaches to obtain GMM for response spectra using the Himalayan crustal data with inputs: magnitude, distance, site class, depth, and a flag corresponding to the horizontal and vertical components. In this regard, GMM using transfer learning is initially developed from a pre‐trained model using global crustal data. Additionally, GMM using the XGBoost approach with monotonic constraints enforced on inputs is developed. These approaches could not capture trends appropriately. Finally, a monotonic constrained transfer learning model is developed to appropriately depict magnitude saturation and scaling, magnitude‐dependent geometric spreading, anelastic attenuation, depth scaling, site amplification, and other desired characteristics.
Shearer parameter optimization and low energy consumption mining based on 3D point cloud characterization of coal wall
Authors: Wang Haijian , Fan Xingrui , Huang Mengdie 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTo achieve efficient and low energy consumption mining under different cutting depths of a shearer, a multiparameter coupling optimization method for the shearer based on three‐dimensional (3D) characterization of the coal wall was proposed. First, a seven‐axis absolute articulated arm measuring machine was used to obtain 3D point cloud data of the coal wall, and then the 3D of the coal wall surface was reconstructed by using segmentation, filtering, and stitching processing, thereby obtaining the average thickness of different coal wall areas. Second, through the quadratic rotation regression orthogonal combination experiment, the optimal combination of drum speed, traction speed, and cutting depth was obtained, further obtaining the order of primary and secondary influences, and the regression model. Moreover, a particle swarm optimization algorithm was used to obtain the optimal drum speed and finally, the laboratory and field test experiments were conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed optimization algorithm in reducing the cutting energy consumption of shearer. The experiment results show that the given optimization algorithm can adaptively optimize the traction speed and drum speed based on the corresponding cutting depth, which significantly reduces the cutting specific energy consumption of the shearer. Thus, it provided an important technical means for the shearer to achieve low energy consumption and efficient mining.
General vorticity‐streamfunction formulation for incompressible binary flow with arbitrary density ratio
Authors: Zhu Yanan , Yang Yongchang , Ren Feng 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe classical vorticity‐streamfunction formulation (VSF) can avoid the difficulty in the calculation of pressure gradient term of the Navier Stokes equation via eliminating pressure gradient term from the theoretical basis. Within this context we propose a general VSF, together with redefined vorticity and streamfunction, so as to realize numerically stable and reliable simulations of binary fluids with an arbitrary density contrast. By incorporating the interface‐tracking phase‐field model based on the conservative Allen‐Cahn equation [Phys. Rev. E 94, 023311 (2016)], the binary flow simulation framework is established. Numerical tests are conducted using the Lattice Boltzmann method (LBM), which is usually regarded as an easy‐to‐use tool for solving the Navier–Stokes equation but generally suffers from the drawback of not being capable of enforcing incompressibility. The LBM herein functions as a numerical tool for solving the vorticity transport equation, the streamfunction equation, and the conservative Allen‐Cahn equation. Three two‐dimensional benchmark cases, i.e., the Capillary wave, the Rayleigh–Taylor instability, and the droplet splashing on a thin liquid film, are discussed in detail to verify the present methodology. Results show good agreements with both analytical predictions and literature data, as well as good numerical stability in terms of high density ratio and high Reynolds number. Overall, the general VSF inherits the intrinsic superiority of the classical VSF in enforcing incompressibility, and offers a useful and reliable alternative for binary flow modeling.
Association of white matter hyperintensities and clinical vascular burden with depressive symptoms in Black older adults
Authors: Bogoian Hannah R. , Barber Sarah J. , Carter Sierra E. , Mingo Chivon , Rosano Caterina , Dotson Vonetta M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectivesBlack older adults have a higher vascular burden compared to non‐Hispanic White (NHW) older adults, which may put them at risk for a form of depression known as vascular depression (VaDep). The literature examining VaDep in Black older adults is sparse. The current study addressed this important gap by examining whether vascular burden was associated with depressive symptoms in Black older adults.MethodsParticipants included 113 Black older adults from the Healthy Brain Project, a substudy of the Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study. In multiple regression analyses, clinical vascular burden (sum of vascular conditions) and white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume predicted depressive symptoms as measured by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, controlling for demographic variables. Follow‐up analyses compared the associations in the Black subsample and in 179 NHW older adults.ResultsHigher total WMH volume, but not clinically‐defined vascular burden, predicted higher concurrent depressive symptoms and higher average depressive symptoms over 4 years. Similar associations were found between uncinate fasciculus (UF) WMHs and concurrent depressive symptoms and between superior longitudinal fasciculus WMHs and average depressive symptoms. The association between depressive symptoms and UF WMH was stronger in Black compared to NHW individuals.ConclusionThis research is consistent with the VaDep hypothesis and extends it to Black older adults, a group that has historically been underrepresented in the literature. Results highlight WMH in the UF as particularly relevant to depressive symptoms in Black older adults and suggest this group may be particularly vulnerable to the negative effects of WMH.