bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a Machine Learning Model to Predict the Use of Surgery in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Baxter Natalie B. , Lin Ching‐Heng , Wallace Beth I. , Chen Jung‐Sheng , Kuo Chang‐Fu , Chung Kevin C. 
Published: December 2023

ObjectiveOne in five patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) rely on surgery to restore joint function. However, variable response to disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) complicates surgical planning, and it is difficult to predict which patients may ultimately require surgery. We used machine learning to develop predictive models for the likelihood of undergoing an operation related to RA and which type of operation patients who require surgery undergo.MethodsWe used electronic health record data to train two extreme gradient boosting machine learning models. The first model predicted patients’ probabilities of undergoing surgery ≥5 years after their initial clinic visit. The second model predicted whether patients who underwent surgery would undergo a major joint replacement versus a less intensive procedure. Predictors included demographics, comorbidities, and medication data. The primary outcome was model discrimination, measured by area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC).ResultsWe identified 5,481 patients, of whom 278 (5.1%) underwent surgery. There was no significant difference in the frequency of DMARD or steroid prescriptions between patients who did and did not have surgery, though nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug prescriptions were more common among patients who did have surgery (P = 0.03). The model predicting use of surgery had an AUC of 0.90 ± 0.02. The model predicting type of surgery had an AUC of 0.58 ± 0.10.ConclusionsPredictive models using clinical data have the potential to facilitate identification of patients who may undergo rheumatoid‐related surgery, but not what type of procedure they will need. Integrating similar models into practice has the potential to improve surgical planning.
Fuzzy adaptive time‐varying formation control of USVs with actuator faults
Authors: Feng Kelin , Li Kewen , Li Yongming 
Published: December 2023

SummaryThis paper investigates the fuzzy adaptive time‐varying formation control problem for fully‐actuated unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) systems. The studied USVs systems include uncertain dynamics and actuator faults. Fuzzy logic systems (FLSs) and disturbance observer are employed to estimate uncertain nonlinear dynamics in system model and external time‐varying disturbances, respectively. Meanwhile, the prescribed performance control (PPC) technique is applied to construct the constraint requirements of collision avoidance and connectivity preservation in time‐varying formation control. Additionally, a new robust adaptive fault‐tolerant control (FTC) algorithm is presented. Hence, by the aid of adaptive backstepping technique with performance functions, a robust fuzzy adaptive time‐varying formation FTC scheme of time‐varying formation is developed. The proposed formation control scheme not only has the advantages of avoiding collision and preserving connectivity, but also ensures all the signals are uniformly ultimately bounded (UUB). Finally, the simulation results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Photo‐Triggered Cascade Therapy: A NIR‐II AIE Luminogen Collaborating with Nitric Oxide Facilitates Efficient Collagen Depletion for Boosting Pancreatic Cancer Phototheranostics
Authors: Li Dan , Chen Xiaohui , Dai Wenbin , Jin Qiao , Wang Dong , Ji Jian , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe dense extracellular matrix (ECM) in the pancreatic cancer severely hampers the penetration of nanodrugs, which causes inferior therapeutic efficacy. To address this issue, a multifunctional liposome, namely, Lip‐DTI/NO, integrating a type‐I photosensitizer DTITBT with glutathione (GSH) or heat‐responsive nitric oxide (NO) donor S‐nitroso‐N‐acetyl‐D‐penicillamine (SNAP) is constructed to deplete the tumor ECM, leading to enhanced drug delivery and consequently improved phototherapy. The loaded DTITBT possesses multiple functions including NIR‐II fluorescence imaging, efficient superoxide radical (O2•−) generation and excellent photothermal conversion efficiency, making it feasible for precisely pinpointing the tumor in the phototherapy process. Responding to the intracellular overexpressed glutathione or heat produced by photothermal effect of DTITBT, NO can be released from SNAP. Upon 808 nm laser irradiation, Lip‐DTI/NO could selectively induce in situ generation of peroxynitrite anion (ONOO−) in tumor after cascade processes including O2•− production, GSH or heat‐triggered NO release, and rapid reaction between O2•− and NO. The generated ONOO− could activate the expression of endogenous matrix metalloproteinases which could efficiently digest collagen of tumor ECM, thus facilitating enhanced penetration and accumulation of Lip‐DTI/NO in tumor. In vivo evaluation demonstrates the notable therapeutic efficacy via ONOO−‐potentiated synergistic photodynamic‐photothermal therapies on both subcutaneous and orthotopic pancreatic cancer model.
Do regional trade agreements affect agri‐food trade? Evidence from a meta‐analysis
Authors: Afesorgbor Sylvanus Kwaku , Fiankor Dela‐Dem Doe , Demena Binyam Afewerk 
Published: December 2023

AbstractRegional trade agreements (RTAs) have experienced significant growth worldwide, leading to an increase in studies assessing their impact on bilateral trade flows. With the availability of disaggregated trade data, numerous studies have examined the influence of these agreements specifically on agri‐food trade. However, the results of these studies exhibit heterogeneity, posing challenges for policymakers seeking to understand the effects of RTAs on agri‐food trade. To address this issue, we conducted a meta‐analysis of 61 studies investigating the effects of various RTAs on agri‐food trade. Using funnel asymmetric testing, our analysis reveals the presence of publication bias in the existing literature. By accounting for this bias, we found robust evidence that RTAs positively and significantly promote agri‐food trade. Notably, the extent of this effect depends on the depth of economic integration within the RTA, distinguishing between customs unions and free trade agreements, as well as the classification of agri‐food products as primary or processed. The ex‐post effects of RTAs on agri‐food trade are less pronounced when we control for both publication bias and heterogeneity, compared to controlling only for publication bias.
Degradable Block Copolymer Nanoparticles Synthesized by Polymerization‐Induced Self‐Assembly
Authors: Zhang Shudi , Li Ruoyu , An Zesheng 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPolymerization‐induced self‐assembly (PISA) combines polymerization and in situ self‐assembly of block copolymers in one system and has become a widely used method to prepare block copolymer nanoparticles at high concentrations. The persistence of polymers in the environment poses a huge threat to the ecosystem and represents a significant waste of resources. There is an urgent need to develop novel chemical approaches to synthesize degradable polymers. To meet with this demand, it is crucial to install degradability into PISA nanoparticles. Most recently, degradable PISA nanoparticles have been synthesized by introducing degradation mechanisms into either shell‐forming or core‐forming blocks. This Minireview summarizes the development in degradable block copolymer nanoparticles synthesized by PISA, including shell‐degradable, core‐degradable, and all‐degradable nanoparticles. Future development will benefit from expansion of polymerization techniques with new degradation mechanisms and adaptation of high‐throughput approaches for both PISA syntheses and degradation studies.
Integration of miRNA in exosomes and single‐cell RNA‐seq profiles in endemic osteoarthritis, Kashin–Beck disease
Authors: Wang Xi , Zhang Yu , Wu Yifan , Wang Chaowei , Li Shujin , Yuan Yuequan , Lv Xi , Liu Yanli , Chen Feihong , Chen Sijie , Zhang Feiyu , Guo Xiong , Ning Yujie , Zhao Hongmou 
Published: December 2023

AbstractKashin–Beck disease (KBD) is an endemic, chronic degenerative joint disease in China. Exosomes miRNAs, as signaling molecules in intercellular communication, can transfer specific biological martials into target cell to regulate their function and might participate in the pathogenesis of KBD. We isolated serum and chondrocytes‐derived exosomes, miRNA sequencing revealed exosomes miRNA profiles and differentially expressed miRNAs (DE‐miRNAs) were identified. The target genes were predicted of known and novel DE‐miRNAs with TargetScan 5.0 and miRanda 3.3a database. Single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) was performed to identify chondrocyte clusters and their gene signatures in KBD. And we performed comparative analysis between the serum and chondrocytes‐derived exosomes DE‐miRNA target genes and differentially expressed genes of each cell clusters. A total of 20 DE‐miRNAs were identified in serum‐derived exosomes. In the miRNA expression of chondrocytes‐derived exosomes, 53 DE‐miRNAs were identified. 16,063 predicted targets were identified as the target genes in the serum‐derived exosomes, 57,316 predicted targets were identified as the target genes in the chondrocytes‐derived exosomes. Seven clusters were labeled by cell type according to the expression of previously described markers. Three hundred fifteen common genes were found among serum/chondrocytes‐derived exosomes DE‐miRNA target genes and DEGs identified by scRNA‐seq analysis. We firstly integratly analyzed the serum and chondrocytes exosomes miRNA with single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) data of KBD chondrocyte, the results showed that DE‐miRNAs in exosomes might play a potential role in regulating genes expression in different KBD chondrocytes clusters by exosomes mediating cell–cell communications functions, which could improve the new diagnosis and treatment methods for KBD.
A systematic review of the factors affecting girls' participation in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics subjects
Authors: Msambwa Msafiri M. , Daniel Kangwa , Lianyu Cai , Fute Antony 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThere have been global efforts to achieve the sustainable development goals (SDGs) on quality education, gender equality, industry, innovation, and infrastructure development; however, in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM), men still dominate these fields at the highest levels, as boys dominate STEM subjects in schools. Thus, there is a need to improve female participation in these fields at all levels. Therefore, this systematic review examined the empirical evidence on the factors affecting girls' participation in STEM subjects. We conducted a comprehensive literature search using electronic databases such as Web of Science, Scopus, EBSCO‐host, and Google Scholar. An analysis of 165 scholarly publications was done using a systematic methodology. The study found that only 10% of the studies indicated that girls' poor participation in STEM could be attributed to personal factors and 61% to environmental factors. Additionally, behavioral factors accounted for 29% of the sampled studies, which found that negative attitudes, lack of career plans, lack of collaboration, interest, poor self‐concept, self‐efficacy, and low motivation were identified as factors that affect girls' participation in STEM subjects. The findings highlight a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge of girls in STEM, providing policymakers, educators, and practitioners with valuable insights into creating an enabling environment that supports more girls in STEM subjects. Furthermore, it contributes to the global efforts to achieve the SDGs 4, 5, and 9.
Renal Epithelial Mitochondria: Implications for Hypertensive Kidney Disease
Authors: Stadler Krisztian , Ilatovskaya Daria V. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1 in 2 U.S. adults have hypertension, and more than 1 in 7 chronic kidney disease. In fact, hypertension is the second leading cause of kidney failure in the United States; it is a complex disease characterized by, leading to, and caused by renal dysfunction. It is well‐established that hypertensive renal damage is accompanied by mitochondrial damage and oxidative stress, which are differentially regulated and manifested along the nephron due to the diverse structure and functions of renal cells. This article provides a summary of the relevant knowledge of mitochondrial bioenergetics and metabolism, focuses on renal mitochondrial function, and discusses the evidence that has been accumulated regarding the role of epithelial mitochondrial bioenergetics in the development of renal tissue dysfunction in hypertension. © 2024 American Physiological Society.
Compr Physiol
14:5225‐5242, 2024.
Advanced Imaging Techniques for the Characterization of Subcellular Organelle Structure in Pancreatic Islet β Cells
Authors: McLaughlin Madeline R. , Weaver Staci A. , Syed Farooq , Evans‐Molina Carmella 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) affects more than 32.3 million individuals in the United States, creating an economic burden of nearly $966 billion in 2021. T2D results from a combination of insulin resistance and inadequate insulin secretion from the pancreatic β cell. However, genetic and physiologic data indicate that defects in β cell function are the chief determinant of whether an individual with insulin resistance will progress to a diagnosis of T2D. The subcellular organelles of the insulin secretory pathway, including the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and secretory granules, play a critical role in maintaining the heavy biosynthetic burden of insulin production, processing, and secretion. In addition, the mitochondria enable the process of insulin release by integrating the metabolism of nutrients into energy output. Advanced imaging techniques are needed to determine how changes in the structure and composition of these organelles contribute to the loss of insulin secretory capacity in the β cell during T2D. Several microscopy techniques, including electron microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, and soft X‐ray tomography, have been utilized to investigate the structure‐function relationship within the β cell. In this overview article, we will detail the methodology, strengths, and weaknesses of each approach. © 2024 American Physiological Society.
Compr Physiol
14:5243‐5267, 2024.
Pathophysiology of Red Blood Cell Trapping in Ischemic Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: McLarnon Sarah R. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Red blood cell (RBC) trapping describes the accumulation of RBCs in the microvasculature of the kidney outer medulla that occurs following ischemic acute kidney injury (AKI). Despite its prominence in human kidneys following AKI, as well as evidence from experimental models demonstrating that the severity of RBC trapping is directly correlated with renal recovery, to date, RBC trapping has not been a primary focus in understanding the pathogenesis of ischemic kidney injury. New evidence from rodent models suggests that RBC trapping is responsible for much of the tubular injury occurring in the initial hours after kidney reperfusion from ischemia. This early injury appears to result from RBC cytotoxicity and closely reflects the injury profile observed in human kidneys, including sloughing of the medullary tubules and the formation of heme casts in the distal tubules. In this review, we discuss what is currently known about RBC trapping. We conclude that RBC trapping is likely avoidable. The primary causes of RBC trapping are thought to include rheologic alterations, blood coagulation, tubular cell swelling, and increased vascular permeability; however, new data indicate that a mismatch in blood flow between the cortex and medulla where medullary perfusion is maintained during cortical ischemia is also likely critical. The mechanism(s) by which RBC trapping contributes to renal functional decline require more investigation. We propose a renewed focus on the mechanisms mediating RBC trapping, and RBC trapping‐associated injury is likely to provide important knowledge for improving AKI outcomes. © 2024 American Physiological Society.
Compr Physiol
14:5325‐5343, 2024.
Common caregiver illness representations in the context of family‐based treatment: Commentary on Marchetti and Sawrikar (2023)
Authors: Van Huysse Jessica L. , Bilek Emily L. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn their systematic review on parent illness representations in their children with anorexia nervosa (AN), Marchetti and Sawrikar (International Journal of Eating Disorders, 2023) integrate past research on the parental experience of the illness, investigating whether the Common Sense Model of Self‐Regulation (CSM) is a useful framework for understanding parental responses to AN. Given that family‐based treatment (FBT) is a first‐line treatment for adolescents with eating disorders and is based upon integrating parents into the treatment process, it is especially relevant to explore how parent illness representations may impact FBT. In this commentary, we describe how FBT is designed to support parents and address many of the common unhelpful beliefs and emotions associated with parenting an adolescent with AN. We include specific examples of how parents can be supported within FBT as manualized. We also examine parental representations that may not be addressed by FBT, and how these may impact treatment outcomes in FBT, possibly via the impact of expressed emotion. Future research is needed to determine if modifications to FBT are required to address parental representations of the illness. We end by expanding upon Marchetti and Sawrikar's suggestions on how treatment could be extended to better support parents as necessary.
Scaled ILU smoothers for Navier–Stokes pressure projection
Authors: Thomas Stephen , Carr Arielle , Mullowney Paul , Świrydowicz Katarzyna , Day Marcus 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIncomplete LU (ILU) smoothers are effective in the algebraic multigrid (AMG) ‐cycle for reducing high‐frequency components of the error. However, the requisite direct triangular solves are comparatively slow on GPUs. Previous work has demonstrated the advantages of Jacobi iteration as an alternative to direct solution of these systems. Depending on the threshold and fill‐level parameters chosen, the factors can be highly nonnormal and Jacobi is unlikely to converge in a low number of iterations. We demonstrate that row scaling can reduce the departure from normality, allowing us to replace the inherently sequential solve with a rapidly converging Richardson iteration. There are several advantages beyond the lower compute time. Scaling is performed locally for a diagonal block of the global matrix because it is applied directly to the factor. Further, an ILUT Schur complement smoother maintains a constant GMRES iteration count as the number of MPI ranks increases, and thus parallel strong‐scaling is improved. Our algorithms have been incorporated into hypre, and we demonstrate improved time to solution for linear systems arising in the Nalu‐Wind and PeleLM pressure solvers. For large problem sizes, GMRESAMG executes at least five times faster when using iterative triangular solves compared with direct solves on massively parallel GPUs.
The role of stakeholder structure in fostering community ownership: A case study of community‐based projects
Authors: Kobashi Yurie , Goto Aya , Chi Chunhuei 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCommunity health projects have played a crucial role in improving health issues. Listening to communities' voices and achieving community ownership are essential for conducting effective health projects. However, there are limited studies on the frameworks for collecting, aggregating, and operationalizing community preferences and values. In this study, we selected two cases of community field surveys from Japan and Cambodia to discuss who may represent a community and propose a practical approach to achieving community ownership. Both cases involved various stakeholders. From the insights of these two cases, we suggested the following three key components in the community project: the community representative, the communicator, and the institute outside the community. Notably, the community representative's role as the community's direct voice should be properly recognized and institutionalised to establish community ownership. We proposed the following key terms of the qualifications of community representatives: they should be able to represent voices from the community, should have extensive experience to decide the project direction and manage the project, and should be independent of outside actors. Our theoretical model of the structure of different stakeholder groups in community‐based projects will be helpful to accelerate community capacity strengthening; moreover, it can help build the appropriate community institution and process, including multi‐stakeholder groups to promote community ownership in health programs.
Exploring the theranostic potentials of miRNA and epigenetic networks in autoimmune diseases: A comprehensive review
Authors: Nag Sagnik , Mitra Oishi , Tripathi Garima , Samanta Souvik , Bhattacharya Bikramjit , Chandane Priti , Mohanto Sourav , Sundararajan Vino , Malik Sumira , Rustagi Sarvesh , Adhikari Suraj , Mohanty Aroop , León‐Figueroa Darwin A. , Rodriguez‐Morales Alfonso J. , Barboza Joshuan J. , Sah Ranjit 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundAutoimmune diseases (AD) are severe pathophysiological ailments that are stimulated by an exaggerated immunogenic response towards self‐antigens, which can cause systemic or site‐specific organ damage. An array of complex genetic and epigenetic facets majorly contributes to the progression of AD, thus providing significant insight into the regulatory mechanism of microRNA (miRNA). miRNAs are short, non‐coding RNAs that have been identified as essential contributors to the post‐transcriptional regulation of host genome expression and as crucial regulators of a myriad of biological processes such as immune homeostasis, T helper cell differentiation, central and peripheral tolerance, and immune cell development.AimsThis article tends to deliberate and conceptualize the brief pathogenesis and pertinent epigenetic regulatory mechanism as well as miRNA networks majorly affecting five different ADs namely rheumatoid arthritis (RA), type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis (MS), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and inflammatory bowel disorder (IBD) thereby providing novel miRNA‐based theranostic interventions.Results & DiscussionPertaining to the differential expression of miRNA attributed in target tissues and cellular bodies of innate and adaptive immunity, a paradigm of scientific expeditions suggests an optimistic correlation between immunogenic dysfunction and miRNA alterations.ConclusionTherefore, it is not astonishing that dysregulations in miRNA expression patterns are now recognized in a wide spectrum of disorders, establishing themselves as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Owing to its theranostic potencies, miRNA targets have been widely utilized in the development of biosensors and other therapeutic molecules originating from the same.