bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Augmentation of the Ulnar Motor Nerve Repair with Anterior Interosseous Nerve in High Ulnar Nerve Palsy: Our Clinical Experience
Authors: Jith Gopika , Mahadik Kaushik , Suba Santanu , Giri Sanjay Kumar 
Published: February 2025

AbstractFollowing proximal ulnar nerve repair, there will be a delay in innervating the distally placed intrinsic muscles of the hand, which can lead to irreversible damage to the intrinsic motor end plates. Supercharging with end-to-side anterior interosseous nerve (AIN) transfer can augment the results of nerve repair by babysitting the motor end plates and thus preventing its denervation. Recently, there have been discussions regarding whether AIN, which contains only 500 axons, can augment the ulnar motor branch, which contains approximately 1,500 axons. In one of our cases, electromyogram following surgery showed activity in the first dorsal interossei and abductor digiti minimi without any signs of reinnervation in the flexor carpi ulnaris. This may support the contribution of AIN in supplying the intrinsic muscles. Considering the low morbidity of the procedure and potential improvements in muscle strength, all patients undergoing ulnar nerve repair in high ulnar nerve palsies can be counseled to undergo an end-to-side AIN transfer.
Complications of Percutaneous Irreversible Electroporation for Pancreatic Cancer: A Systematic Review
Authors: Bhatia Harsimran , Maralakunte Muniraju , Gulati Mudita , Sharma Vishal , Gupta Pankaj 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Objective The aim of the study was to systematically review the percutaneous irreversible electroporation (IRE) complications for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).
Methods This systematic review was reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Two independent reviewers conducted a detailed search in PubMed and EMBASE databases from inception till May 2024. The studies reporting the complications of percutaneous IRE in PDAC using standard scales were included. The primary outcome of interest was the complication rate (including total number of complications and major and minor complications) associated with the percutaneous IRE. IRE-related mortality was also recorded.
Results Of the 2,324 studies, 14 (9 prospective and 3 retrospective) met the inclusion criteria. Of the 748 complications, 114 were major complications (15.2%) and 634 were minor complications (84.7%). The most common complications were abdominal pain (n = 137), diarrhea (n = 57), and nausea and/or vomiting (n = 45). Pancreatitis (n = 57), vascular thrombosis (n = 21), bleeding (n = 21), and biliary complications (n = 26), including bile leaks, cholangitis, and strictures, were other common complications. The overall IRE mortality was 4/584 (0.68%). IRE-related fatal complications included duodenal perforation (n = 2), hepatic artery and superior mesenteric artery thrombosis (n = 1), and purulent peritonitis (n = 1).
Conclusion Although complications are common after IRE for PDAC, most are minor complications. Major complications include bleeding and pancreaticobiliary complications.
Design and evaluation of a piezoelectric energy harvester using asymmetric clamping to improve output performance
Authors: Su Donghao , Wang Liang 
Published: February 2025

This paper proposes a piezoelectric energy harvester using asymmetric clamping to improve output performance. The piezoelectric ceramics have a greater degree of deformation and a shorter response time during squeezing under the effect of the rectangular baffles, resulting in a higher voltage output than that from the structure without baffles. When the piezoelectric beams have rectangular baffles on both sides and the length is 8 mm, the prototype provides a high output voltage over a wide range, and the open-circuit peak–peak voltage is 60.8 V, which is 3.49 times that of the structure without baffles. The strength of the prototype and its feasibility in practice are verified by observing the brightness of the same number of LEDs; it shows great promise for powering microelectronic devices.
Investigation on phase formation and thermoelectric transport properties of CoTe2–CoSe2 solid solution alloys
Authors: Seon Seungchan , Kim BeomSoo , Lee Changwoo , Park Okmin , Cho Hyungyu , Kim Sang-il 
Published: February 2025

CoTe2 and CoSe2 alloys have garnered considerable attention in thermoelectric applications due to their high electrical conductivity, tunable electronic properties, and potential for high power factors. In this study, the phase formation behavior and thermoelectric transport properties of a CoTe2–CoSe2 solid solution alloy were investigated by synthesizing a series of Co(Te1−xSex)2 compositions, where x = 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.0. For x = 0, 0.25, and 0.50, the orthorhombic phase of CoTe2 was observed, while for x = 0.75, the orthorhombic phase of CoTe2 and cubic phase of CoSe2 coexisted. Up to x = 0.50, the power factor decreased slightly as the Hall mobility and the density-of-state effective mass decreased. The total thermal conductivity decreased as x increased to 0.50, owing to a decrease in the electronic and lattice thermal conductivity. Despite the decrease in total thermal conductivity, no significant increase in zT values was observed in the range of x = 0.25–0.50 due to a more pronounced decrease in the power factor. Nevertheless, cubic phase CoSe2 exhibited higher power factors and thus higher zT of 0.13 at 700 K. Further analysis based on single Kane band model suggests that significant enhancement in the power factor and zT could be achieved by reducing the carrier concentration from ∼1021 to ∼1019 cm−3 for all compositions.
Comparative study on charge photogeneration dynamics of Y small molecule and polymerized Y small molecule based polymer solar cells
Authors: Feng Junyi , Wen Guanzhao , Hu Rong , Yin Wenping , Zou Xianshao , Su Xiaojun , Zhong Jianbin , Dong Geng , Zhang Wei 
Published: February 2025

Understanding charge photogeneration processes in polymer solar cells utilizing polymerized Y-molecule acceptors (PYMAs) is of great importance for design and optimization of high-performance solar cells. In this work, excited state dynamics in PYMAs (PYT, PY-DT) and corresponding solar cells were comparably studied with those of Y small molecules (Y5, Y6) by using the steady state and time-resolved spectroscopies as well as time-dependent density functional theory calculation. We find that PYMA (PYT, PY-DT) films exhibit smaller Stokes shifts than that of Y small molecules, indicating a more rigid backbone of PYMAs. Temperature-dependent steady-state PL measurement reveals that compared to small molecule films, the energy barrier from radiative to non-radiative states is smaller in PYMA films. In addition, transient absorption spectroscopy demonstrates that the exciton diffusion process in PYT and PY-DT are mainly intra-chain exciton diffusion mechanism with exciton diffusion coefficients of 1.7 × 10−2 and 2.7 × 10−2 cm2 s−1, respectively, in contrast with the inter-molecular exciton diffusion in Y5 and Y6 films. For the blend films, the phase sizes of acceptors in PM6:PYT and PM6:PY-DT are determined as 2.3 and 3.3 nm, respectively, smaller than that of Y6 (4.7 nm) in the PM6:Y6 film. In addition, unlike bimolecular recombination in classical system PM6:Y6, the PYMA-based all-polymer solar cells exhibit geminate type recombination in ultrafast timescale. We find that carrier lifetime plays a critical role in the performance of PYMA-based polymer solar cells. This work provides a comprehensive understanding of the photophysical properties of PYMAs, which is pivotal for designing highly efficient all-polymer solar cells.
Influences and variations of wave impedance of electromagnetic fields generated by lightning return strokes
Authors: Yu Jianli , Xu Guosheng , Gu Shanmao , Liu Jianjun , Li Quanxin 
Published: February 2025

The domains of lightning electromagnetic pulse (LEMP) fields are classified as “near-field,” “intermediate-field,” and “far-field” based on qualitative descriptions. However, the systematic quantitative classification of LEMP fields is yet to be reported. This study characterized the wave impedance of lightning electromagnetic pulse (WILEMP) to solve this problem. The components and field domain distribution ranges of LEMP were analyzed by varying the WILEMP and the distance between the observation point and radiation source (r). The changes in the WILEMP with r under the influence of different factors were calculated using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. The results indicated that the LEMP field has high impedance. the WILEMP decreased rapidly with the increase in r when r ≤ 10 km, consistent with the characteristics of the electrostatic and induction fields (near field). The WILEMP gradually decreased and stabilized with the increase in r when r ≥ 20 km, and the value was roughly the same as the impedance of free space (377 Ω) when r = 100 km, consistent with the characteristics of radiation field (far field). The decay rate of the WILEMP was lower than that when r ≤ 10 km but higher than that when r ≥ 20 km. Finally, when 10 km &lt; r &lt; 20 km, the apparent transitivity was consistent with intermediate-field characteristics.
Low resistivity achieved through enhanced sintering activity in silver paste with submicron particles created through nanoparticle self-assembly
Authors: Zhang Chenhe , Huang Zhe , Li Panzhen , Yang Jin , Tang Siwei , Ma Yunzhu , Liu Wensheng 
Published: February 2025

Silver powder’s size and dispersion affect the performance of conductive silver paste. Micron-sized silver powder has good dispersibility but poor sintering activity at low temperatures. In contrast, silver nano-powder sinters at low temperatures but tends to agglomerate. To address the aforementioned issues, this paper employs a chemical reduction method to prepare high-sintering-activity submicron spherical silver powder with a large number of nanoscale bumps on its surface. The study investigates the effects of various factors on the surface morphology and particle size distribution of the silver powder, including the amount of citric acid added, the speed of the reducing agent’s addition, the pH value, and the temperature of the reaction solutions. In addition, silver pastes with varying silver powder contents (60, 70, 80, and 85 wt. %) were prepared to test their resistivity. The results indicate that the lowest resistivity of 8.9 × 10−6 Ω cm was achieved when the silver powder content was 85 wt. % and the conductive silver paste was sintered at 250 °C for 30 min. Furthermore, the prepared conductive silver pastes maintained good resistivity even when sintered at low temperatures.
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women’s appraisal of continence information brochures
Authors: Lakhan Prabha , Soe Kalisha , Burgin Audrey , Fonda Annie , Hayman Noel 
Published: February 2025

Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of seven brochures for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women with urinary incontinence (UI). Method Twenty-three Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women, aged between 40 and 76 years, experiencing UI and attending an urban Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander primary healthcare service, participated in semi-structured digitally recorded interviews. They appraised seven brochures, developed by the Continence Foundation of Australia, for use by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities. Participants were provided with one brochure at a time to read and comment on its usefulness; presentation including appropriateness of the artwork, colours, structure and design; any improvements; and whether the brochures should be provided to all women with UI. A thematic analysis of the interview contents was conducted by two researchers. Results The interviews identified four main themes including usefulness of the information presented in the brochures; readability and comprehensibility of the information; suggestions for refining the brochures; and usefulness of brochures to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women. All women found the information in all the brochures useful, easy to read and understand, and recommended that they should be provided to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women with risk factors for developing, or those with UI. A few suggestions to refine the brochures were identified. Conclusions This study has provided evidence that the brochures are a valuable resource for raising awareness about UI among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women attending urban Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander primary healthcare settings.
Analysis of student interpreters’ self-assessment from the perspective of self-regulated
learning
Authors: Woo Kyongjo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study aims to examine the significance of self-assessment in interpreter training from the perspective of
self-regulated learning. To this end, this study first explores the three cyclical stages of self-regulated learning as
conceptualized by Zimmerman, while also examining the significance of self-evaluation in interpreter training. Based on this
theoretical framework, the study analyzes self-evaluations from both high-performing and low-performing students at a graduate
school of translation and interpretation. The findings of the study reveal three key points: first, the effective use of
self-assessment enhances learning effectiveness in interpreter training; second, significant differences exist between
high-performing and low-performing students in their self-assessment practices; third, these differences highlight the need for
incorporating self-assessment into interpreter training programs. Finally, the study suggests that enhancing self-regulated
learning capabilities by actively incorporating self-evaluation into interpreter training can improve educational outcomes in
interpreter training, leveraging the cyclical and positive impact of self-regulated learning processes.
Hydrogen induced phase transition and emergent properties in SrFeOx
Authors: Zhu Ming-Tong , Wang Lu , Gao Lei , Liu Jin , Lyu Xiang-Yu , Wang Yu-Qian , Lu Chao , Li Meng-Cheng , Liu Peng-Yu , Song Jia-Yi , Tao Hua-Yu , Zhao Ben-Bo , Ji Ai-Ling , Cao Ze-Xian , Lu Nian-Peng 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Ionic modulation, in particular that by hydrogen intercalation, has become a powerful method to tune the material’s properties in recent years. Though the SrFeOx system is akin to SrCoOx that can be protonated to the HSrCoO2.5 phase, it remains a challenge for the hydrogenation of SrFeO2.5. In this work, starting from the perovskite SrFeO3-δ, we achieved the hydrogen intercalation and obtained a stable hydrogenated brownmillerite phase HSrFeO2.5 via Pt-catalyzed H-spillover at room temperature. The results indicate that the hydrogenation process is accompanied by the simultaneous oxygen ionic release, i.e., the perovskite SrFeO3-δ is the prerequisite of the hydrogen-induced phase transition. Then, by realization of the hydrogenation, the complete phase transition cycle among the perovskite SrFeO3-δ, brownmillerite SrFeO2.5 and the hydrogenated HSrFeO2.5 phase, are finished. Upon hydrogenation, SrFeO3-δ exhibits a remarkable 9.4% lattice expansion, and its electronic state undergoes a multi-step evolution, transforming from pristine helical antiferromagnetic insulator to a bad metal, and eventually returning to an antiferromagnetic insulator. Moreover, based on the obtained results we also successfully fabricated the microscale patterns with varied surface morphology and electric conductivity that can be used to construct electronic devices. This work provides a different pathway to modulate the properties of correlated and functional materials.
Standardization of high-energy laser impact tests with respect to temperature, reflection and perforation time
Authors: Wolfrum J , Schmitt R , Neuland M , Backfisch S , Speiser J , Weiss B , Kossenjans S , Reich S 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
High-energy laser impact tests on identical materials and irradiation parameters often show deviating results between different testing institutes. This particularly affects the specular component of the reflection and the temperatures. Even the supposedly easy-to-determine perforation time sometimes shows large variations between different test institutes. For a reliable and reproducible determination of test results, a standardization of the experimental setups is necessary. Test results using two different reference materials are presented. These tests demonstrate that standardizing experimental setups and evaluation methods significantly reduces the deviations of the experimental results. The presented multi-institutional approach aims at gaining data of laser reflection, temperature, and perforation time of laser impacted samples, and at developing an optimized experimental setup based on different existing laboratory equipment and experimental approaches.
Bimetallic AuPd alloy nanoparticles on TiO₂ nanotube arrays: a highly efficient photocatalyst for hydrogen generation
Authors: Rajashekhar Harshitha , Vrushabendrakumar Damini , Rana Md Masud , Alam Kazi Mohammad , Raman Reitesh KV , Li Charlin Xinhong , Chaulagain Narendra , Shankar Karthik 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Decoration of TiO2 nanotube (TNT) arrays by AuPd nanoparticles (NPs) produces a dramatic enhancement in the rate of hydrogen generation through photocatalytic water-splitting under solar illumination. XRD and TEM confirmed alloy formation in bimetallic AuPd NPs while XPS ruled out a core-shell architecture in the AuPd NPs. Well-dispersed, size-controlled AuPd NPs were formed by sequential physical vapor deposition of Au and Pd on TNTs followed by spontaneous thermal dewetting (TNT-AuPd). TNT-AuPd samples were characterized by small tensile microstrains. For comparison purposes and to derive physical insights, an identical method was used to form TNT-Au and TNT-Pd samples wherein TNTs were decorated by monometallic Au and Pd NPs respectively. In every case, an accumulation-type heterointerface between TiO2 and the metallic/bimetallic NPs was indicated by binding energy shifts in the Ti2p high resolution x-ray photoelectron spectra (HR-XPS). Initial and final state effects in the Au4f HR-XPS pointed to a large number of Au atoms in low coordinate sites such as edges, kinks and corners as well as a slower excited atom relaxation in the alloy. A similar preponderance of Pd atoms at low coordinate sites was found along with the presence of a small amount of palladium oxide. TNT-AuPd demonstrated the highest photocatalytic H₂ production rate of 2920 µmol g⁻¹ h⁻¹, which is 8.9 times higher than that of TNTs, 2.1 times that of TNT-Au, and 1.69 times that of TNT-Pd under solar illumination. We studied H₂ generation under UV-filtered solar illumination with TNT-AuPd outperforming monometallic Au- and Pd-NP decorated TNTs, which is attributed to the enhancement of the catalytic activity of Pd in an Au environment, the presence of Pd and Au atoms at low coordinate sites, and photoinduced electron transfer between TNTs and AuPd alloy NPs, where AuPd acts as an efficient electron sink, in turn reducing carrier recombination losses.
MLAR-UNet: LDCT image denoising based on U-Net with multiple lightweight attention-based modules and residual reinforcement
Authors: Tang Hao , Que Ningfeng , Tian Yanwen , Li Mingzhe , Perelli Alessandro , Teng Yueyang 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objective. Computed tomography (CT) is a crucial medical imaging technique which uses x-ray radiation to identify cancer tissues. Since radiation poses a significant health risk, low dose acquisition procedures need to be adopted. However, low-dose CT (LDCT) can cause higher noise and artifacts which massively degrade the diagnosis. Approach. To denoise LDCT images more effectively, this paper proposes a deep learning method based on U-Net with multiple lightweight attention-based modules and residual reinforcement (MLAR-UNet). We integrate a U-Net architecture with several advanced modules, including Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM), Cross Residual Module (CR), Attention Cross Reinforcement Module (ACRM), and Convolution and Transformer Cross Attention Module (CTCAM). Among these modules, CBAM applies channel and spatial attention mechanisms to enhance local feature representation. However, serious detail loss caused by incorrect embedding of CBAM for LDCT denoising is verified in this study. To relieve this, we introduce CR to reduce information loss in deeper layers, preserving features more effectively. To address the excessive local attention of CBAM, we design ACRM, which incorporates Transformer to adjust the attention weights. Furthermore, we design CTCAM, which leverages a complex combination of Transformer and convolution to capture multi-scale information and compute more accurate attention weights. Results. Experiments verify the embedding rationality and validity of each module and show that the proposed MLAR-UNet denoises LDCT images more effectively and preserves more details than many state-of-the-art methods on clinical chest and abdominal CT datasets. Significance. The proposed MLAR-UNet not only demonstrates superior LDCT image denoising capability but also highlights the strong detail comprehension and negligible overheads of our designed ACRM and CTCAM. These findings provide a novel approach to integrating Transformer more efficiently in image processing.
The chemical ordering and local atomic pressures in icosahedral AuNAl(N-42)Ni13 nanoalloys
Authors: Eryürek Meral , Garip Ali Kemal 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The lowest energy chemical ordering configurations of 55 atom trimetallic Au
N
Al(N−42)Ni13 nanoalloys with Mackay icosahedron geometry were obtained through local relaxations performed using the Monte Carlo Basin-Hopping algorithm with the Gupta potential. This study explores how the chemical arrangement within an icosahedral structure influences the stability and mechanical properties of nanoalloys. In lowest energy structures, Ni atoms consistently occupy the icosahedral core, while Au and Al atoms stay on the surface, enhancing structural stability. Variations in mixing energy were evaluated to compare the relative stability of different compositions, with Au17Al25Ni13 identified as having the lowest mixing energy at the Gupta level. Furthermore, the icosahedral core, composed entirely of Ni atoms, experiences strong compressive stresses, while surface atoms are subjected to different pressures depending on the atom type and occupation site. Specifically, Au atoms located on the surface experience both tensile and compressive stresses, whereas Al atoms undergo lowest tensile stresses.