bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sorption Behaviour of Atrazine onto Natural Sediments under Various Solution Conditions
Authors: Tao Qing-H. , Tang Hong-X. 
Published: January 2005

Potentiometric titrations, XRD analysis and batch adsorption experiments were conducted under various solution chemistry conditions to study the uptake of atrazine (AT) from sediment/water suspensions. A constant capacitance surface complexation model was then applied to interpret the reaction mechanism at the aqueous sediment surfaces. The results obtained showed that the sediment sample was negatively charged over a large range of pH values, with the model calculations matching well with the experimental results. Increasing pH value and low ionic strength, as well as high solid concentrations, led to a decrease in the adsorption of AT. The existence of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the sediment/water system also influenced the uptake of AT by the sediment. A large increase in AT adsorption occurred for sediment pre-incubated with DOM, with a decrease in AT uptake occurring when herbicide was pre-incubated with DOM. In addition, the results suggested that long aliphatic chains must play an important role in the pesticide interaction with DOM fractions.
Furazolidone-Induced Pulmonary Hypersensitivity
Authors: Kowalski Todd J , Henry Michael J , Zlabek Jonathan A 
Published: January 2005

OBJECTIVE: To report a case of pulmonary hypersensitivity associated with furazolidone use and review the literature on this topic. CASE SUMMARY: A 43-year-old white female presented with fever and dyspnea. She had recently completed a course of furazolidone 125 mg 4 times daily for 10 days for enteritis. Investigations revealed bibasilar interstitial infiltrates on chest X-ray, hypoxia, and 21% eosinophilia. Her fever, hypoxia, and dyspnea rapidly abated following discontinuation of furazolidone and administration of corticoteroids. DISCUSSION: Furazolidone is a bactericidal agent used to treat infectious enteropathies. It is chemically similar to nitrofurantoin, which is well known to cause pulmonary hypersensitivity reactions. Application of the Naranjo probability scale suggests that a furazolidone adverse reaction in this patient was probable. A MEDLINE search from 1966 to October 2004 revealed 2 previously reported cases suggestive of furazolidone pulmonary hypersensitivity. All published reports closely resemble each other and descriptions of nitrofurantoin-associated pulmonary hypersensitivity reactions. CONCLUSIONS: Furazolidone may induce pulmonary hypersensitivity reactions; clinicians should be aware of this potentially serious adverse effect.
Promethazine Adverse Events after Implementation of a Medication Shortage Interchange
Authors: Sheth Heena S , Verrico Margaret M , Skledar Susan J , Towers Adele L 
Published: January 2005

BACKGROUND: Prochlorperazine and droperidol were commonly used antiemetics at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center– Presbyterian Hospital until a shortage of prochlorperazine occurred and a black box warning was added to droperidol prescribing information. Subsequently, promethazine was selected as the approved intravenous antiemetic for therapeutic interchange in December 2001. Promethazine use and adverse drug events (ADEs) were investigated following review of a serious ADE that identified promethazine use as a probable contributing factor. OBJECTIVE: To illustrate ADEs associated with promethazine and characterize high-risk patients. METHODS: An ADE database analysis identified promethazine ADEs reported from 2000 to 2003. Promethazine utilization and ADEs were compared with those of other antiemetics during the pre- and post-interchange periods. RESULTS: Promethazine utilization increased significantly during the post-interchange period compared with all other antiemetics (p < 0.001). Promethazine ADEs increased from one event during the pre-interchange period to 13 events during the post-interchange period. Causality assessment using the Naranjo algorithm ranged from possible to probable. The promethazine ADE rate per 10 000 doses was significantly higher than the combined ADE rate for all other antiemetics (p < 0.001; incident rate ratio [IRR] 4.32). Elderly patients (aged ≥65 y) experienced more promethazine ADEs than younger patients (p = 0.005; IRR 4.68). Concurrent use of opioids and/or sedating drugs contributed to promethazine ADEs in 11 of 14 (78.6%) patients. CONCLUSIONS: Geriatric status is a significant risk factor for promethazine ADEs. Concomitant use of sedating drugs may further increase the risk for ADEs. Therapeutic interchange programs should be monitored for both ADEs and utilization.
Are Incentive-Based Formularies Inversely Associated with Drug Utilization in Managed Care?
Authors: Gleason Patrick P , Gunderson Brent W , Gericke Kristin R 
Published: January 2005

OBJECTIVE: To review recent studies comprehensively assessing the impact of incentive-based multitier formularies on pharmaceutical costs and utilization. DATA SOURCES: PubMed (2001–December 2003) was searched using the key terms formularies, cost-sharing, and drug costs. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: Studies addressing the impact of implementing multitiered incentive-based formularies as a central component of an outpatient drug benefit were selected. DATA SYNTHESIS: One study using pharmacy claims from 25 employers with data from 402 786 members modeled the range of anticipated plan/employer savings associated with single- to 3-tier shifts and found that, going from a single- to 3-tier benefit results in decreased plan/employer pharmaceutical costs from $650 to $494 (24% decrease) per member per year and decreased pharmaceutical utilization from 12.3 to 9.4 (23.6% decrease) prescriptions per member per year. Another study demonstrated that adding an additional tier decreased pharmaceutical utilization, with a dramatic increase in member contribution offsetting the plan's expected increase in expenditures. This shift in pharmaceutical expenditures appeared to have no effect on overall medical utilization over a 3-year follow-up. Finally, a study converting members from a single- to 3-tier incentive-based formulary, associated with two- to fourfold copayment increases, resulted in a 10% discontinuation rate for angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, statins, and proton-pump inhibitors among members who were primarily hourly employees. For salaried workers, the addition of a tier to their benefit appeared to have minimal impact on pharmaceutical utilization. CONCLUSIONS: Emerging data suggest a potential inverse relationship between pharmaceutical utilization and incentive-based formularies that increase member contribution to drug costs. Future research should focus on identifying price points and percentage increases at which members are likely to begin discontinuing necessary medications.
Obstruction of Critical Information on Over-the-Counter Medication Packages by External Tags
Authors: Sansgiry Sujit S , Pawaskar Manjiri D 
Published: January 2005

BACKGROUND: Over-the-counter (OTC) medication packages are important sources of information for consumers during product selection and use. Consumers may not be able to access information from OTC packages if external tags, namely price or anti-theft tags, are improperly placed. OBJECTIVE: To determine the amount and type of information concealed by anti-theft tags and price tags affixed on OTC drug packages. METHODS: A field study was performed by evaluating packages containing acetaminophen and combinations of acetaminophen in stores located in Houston. Five packages for 4 products selected from each store after an initial survey for presence of an external tag were examined. A data collection sheet was prepared that extracted the type and amount of information concealed by these tags. Data were analyzed by performing descriptive analyses to provide an understanding of the information obscured. RESULTS: A total of 24 stores were considered in the study, and 67 products and 285 packages were evaluated. External tags, both anti-theft and price tags, obscured significant amounts of information on the principal display panel (53.4%) and the Drug Facts panel (47.7%) of OTC packages. These tags concealed crucial information on various aspects of labels such as brand names (42.3%), product description (36.3%), warnings (51.5%), uses (10.4%), and purposes (7.2%). CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that improper use of external tags clearly obscured important information on OTC medication packages necessary for consumers to make informed decisions regarding product selection and use. Tagging practices should be altered to allow consumers full access to drug information on the product.
Synthesis and characterization of poly(vinyl alcohol)‐based membranes for direct methanol fuel cell
Authors: Smitha B. , Sridhar S. , Khan A. A. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractMembranes made of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and its ionic blends with sodium alginate (SA) and chitosan were synthesized and characterized for their ion‐exchange capacity (IEC) and swelling index values to investigate their applicability in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). These membranes were assessed for their intermolecular interactions, thermal stabilities, and mechanical strengths with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction methods, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and tensile testing, respectively. Methanol permeability and proton conductivity were also estimated and compared to that of Nafion 117. In addition to being effective methanol barriers, the membranes had a considerably high IEC and thermal and mechanical stabilities. The addition of small amounts of anionic polymer was particularly instrumental in the significant reduction of methanol permeability from 8.1 × 10−8 cm2/s for PVA to 6.9 × 10−8 cm2/s for the PVA–SA blend, which rendered the blend more suitable for a DMFC. Low methanol permeability, excellent physicomechanical properties, and above all, cost effectiveness could make the use of these blends in DMFCs quite attractive. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 95: 1154–1163, 2005
Organo‐soluble polyimde (ODA–BSAA)/montmorillonite nanocomposite materials prepared by solution dispersion technique
Authors: Yeh Jui‐Ming , Hsieh Chi‐Fa , Jaw Jenn‐Huey , Kuo Tai‐Hung , Huang Hsi‐Ya , Lin Ching‐Lung , Hsu Min‐Yu 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA series of polymer–clay nanocomposite materials, consisting of organo‐soluble polyimide (ODA‐BSAA) matrix and dispersed nanolayers of inorganic montmorillonite clay, were successfully prepared by solution dispersion technique and subsequently characterized by FTIR, powder X‐ray diffraction patterns, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. Effects of the materials composition on the corrosion protection performance, gas barrier, and optical properties, in the form of both coating and film, were also studied by electrochemical corrosion measurements (e.g., corrosion potential, polarization resistance, corrosion current, impedance spectroscopy), gas permeability analysis, and UV–visible transmission spectroscopy, respectively. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 95: 1082–1090, 2005
Pervaporation separation of water‐isopropanol mixtures using polymeric membranes: Modeling and simulation aspects
Authors: Aminabhavi Tejraj M. , Naidu B. Vijaya Kumar , Sridhar S. , Rangarajan R. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractPervaporation technique was used to separate water + isopropanol azeotropic mixtures at 30°C using pure sodium alginate, pure poly(vinyl alcohol), and blend membranes of sodium alginate containing 10 and 20 mass % of poly(vinyl alcohol). The membrane performance was studied by calculating flux, selectivity, pervaporation separation index, and enrichment factor. Pure sodium alginate membrane gave the highest pervaporation separation index for all compositions of water. Pervaporation experiments were carried out for 10 mass % containing water + isopropanol mixture at 30, 40, and 50°C. The Arrhenius activation parameters were computed. The PV results have been analyzed by considering complete mixing and plug flow models. Design parameters, like membrane area, permeate concentrations, flux, stage cut, separation selectivity, etc., have been calculated for different feed compositions of water in the mixture. Results are explained in terms of sorption‐diffusion principles. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 95: 1143–1153, 2005
Polyelectrolyte‐assisted removal of metal ions with ultrafiltration
Authors: Rivas Bernabé L. , Pereira Eduardo , Cid Rocío , Geckeler Kurt E. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe water‐soluble polymers poly(styrene sulfonic acid‐co‐maleic acid) and poly(acrylic acid‐co‐maleic acid) were investigated with respect to their metal‐ion‐binding ability with ultrafiltration. The studied metal ions included Ag(I), Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), Ca(II), Mg(II), Pb(II), Cd(II), Zn(II), Al(III), and Cr(III) ions. The retention properties of the polyelectrolytes for the metal ions depended strongly on the ligand type. As for the carboxylate ligands, with increasing concentration and pH, the metal‐binding affinity increased. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 95: 1091–1099, 2005
Biopolymer stochastic moments. I. Modeling human rhinovirus cellular recognition with protein surface electrostatic moments
Authors: González‐Díaz Humberto , Uriarte Eugenio 
Published: January 2005

AbstractStochastic moments may be applied as molecular descriptors in quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) studies for small molecules (H. González‐Dìaz et al., Journal of Molecular Modeling, 2002, Vol. 8, pp. 237–245; 2003, Vol. 9, pp. 395–407). However, applications in the field of biopolymers are less known. Recently, the MARCH‐INSIDE approach has been generalized to encode structural features of proteins and other biopolymers (H. González‐Dáaz et al., Bioinformatics, 2003, Vol. 19, pp. 2079–2087; Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 2004, Vol. 14, pp. 4691–4695; Polymers, 2004, Vol. 45, pp. 3845–3853; Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, 2005, Vol. 13, pp. 323–331). The present article attempts to extend this research by introducing for the first time stochastic moments for a surface road map of viral proteins. These moments are afterward used to seek a model that predicts the cellular receptor for human rhinoviruses. The model correctly classified 100% of 10 viruses binding to low‐density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and 88.9% of 9 viruses binding to the intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM) receptors in training. The same results have been obtained in four cross‐validation experiments using a resubstitution technique. The present model favorably compares, in terms of complexity, with other previously reported based on entropy considerations, and offers a quantitative basis for the visual rule previously reported by Vlasak et al. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 77: 296–303, 2005
Analysis of flow in a cone‐and‐plate apparatus with respect to spatial and temporal effects on endothelial cells
Authors: Buschmann M. H. , Dieterich P. , Adams N. A. , Schnittler H.‐J. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractEndothelial cells, covering the inner surface of vessels and the heart, are permanently exposed to fluid flow, which affects the endothelial structure and the function. The response of endothelial cells to fluid shear stress is frequently investigated in cone–plate systems. For this type of device, we performed an analytical and numerical analysis of the steady, laminar, three‐dimensional flow of a Newtonian fluid at low Reynolds numbers. Unsteady oscillating and pulsating flow was studied numerically by taking the geometry of a corresponding experimental setup into account. Our investigation provides detailed information with regard to shear‐stress distribution at the plate as well as secondary flow. We show that: (i) there is a region on the plate where shear stress is almost constant and an analytical approach can be applied with high accuracy; (ii) detailed information about the flow in a real cone–plate device can only be obtained by numerical simulations; (iii) the pulsating flow is quasi‐stationary; and (iv) there is a time lag on the order of 10−3 s between cone rotation and shear stress generated on the plate. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors: The incidence, prevalence, clinical course, and prognostication in the preimatinib mesylate era
Authors: Nilsson Bengt , Bümming Per , Meis‐Kindblom Jeanne M. , Odén Anders , Dortok Aydin , Gustavsson Bengt , Sablinska Katarzyna , Kindblom Lars‐Gunnar 
Published: January 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDRecent breakthroughs regarding gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) and their pathogenesis have redefined diagnostic criteria and have led to the development of molecularly targeted drug therapy. New treatment options mandate more accurate information regarding the incidence, prevalence, clinical behavior, and prognostic factors of GIST.METHODSAll patients (n = 1460) who potentially had GIST diagnosed from 1983 to 2000 in western Sweden (population, 1.3–1.6 million) were reviewed, and 288 patients with primary GIST were identified. The incidence and prevalence of GIST were determined, and predictive prognostic factors, including current risk‐group stratifications, were analyzed statistically.RESULTSNinety percent of GISTs were detected clinically due to symptoms (69%) or were incidental findings at surgery (21%); the remaining 10% of GISTs were found at autopsy. Forty‐four percent of symptomatic, clinically detected GISTs were categorized as high risk (29%) or overtly malignant (15%), with tumor‐related deaths occurring in 63% of patients and 83% of patients, respectively (estimated median survival, of 40 months and 16 months, respectively). Tumor‐related deaths occurred in only 2 of 170 of patients (1.2%) with very‐low‐risk, low‐risk, or intermediate‐risk tumors. The annual incidence of GIST was 14.5 per million. The prevalence of all GIST risk groups was 129 per million (31 per million for the high‐risk group and the overtly malignant group).CONCLUSIONSGIST has been under recognized: Its incidence, prevalence, and clinical aggressiveness also have been underestimated. Currently existing risk‐group stratification systems based on tumor size and mitotic rate delineate GIST patients who have a poor prognosis. Prognostication in patients with GIST can be refined using a proposed risk score based solely on tumor size and proliferative index. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
3,5,3′‐Triiodo‐L‐thyronine enhances the differentiation of a human pancreatic duct cell line (hPANC‐1) towards a β‐cell‐Like phenotype
Authors: Misiti Silvia , Anastasi Emanuela , Sciacchitano Salvatore , Verga Falzacappa Cecilia , Panacchia Laura , Bucci Barbara , Khouri Daniele , D'Acquarica Ilaria , Brunetti Ercole , Di Mario Umberto , Toscano Vincenzo , Perfetti Riccardo 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe thyroid hormone, 3,5,3′‐Triiodo‐L‐thyronine (T3), is essential for growth, differentiation, and regulation of metabolic functions in multicellular organisms, although the specific mechanisms of this control are still unknown. In this study, treatment of a human pancreatic duct cell line (hPANC‐1) with T3 blocks cell growth by an increase of cells in G0/G1 cell cycle phase and enhances morphological and functional changes as indicated by the marked increase in the synthesis of insulin and the parallel decrease of the ductal differentiation marker cytokeratin19. Expression analysis of some of the genes regulating pancreatic β‐cell differentiation revealed a time‐dependent increase in insulin and glut2 mRNA levels in response to T3. As last step of the acquisition of a β‐cell‐like phenotype, we present evidence that thyroid hormones are able to increase the release of insulin into the culture medium. In conclusion, our results suggest, for the first time, that thyroid hormones induce cell cycle perturbations and play an important role in the process of transdifferentiation of a human pancreatic duct line (hPANC‐1) into pancreatic‐β‐cell‐like cells. These findings have important implications in cell‐therapy based treatment of diabetes and may provide important insights in the designing of novel therapeutic agents to restore normal glycemia in subjects with diabetes. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Circular perfect graphs
Authors: Zhu Xuding 
Published: January 2005

AbstractFor 1 ≤ d ≤ k, let Kk/d be the graph with vertices 0, 1, …, k − 1, in which i ∼j if d ≤ |i − j| ≤ k − d. The circular chromatic number χc(G) of a graph G is the minimum of those k/d for which G admits a homomorphism to Kk/d. The circular clique number ωc(G) of G is the maximum of those k/d for which Kk/d admits a homomorphism to G. A graph G is circular perfect if for every induced subgraph H of G, we have χc(H) = ωc(H). In this paper, we prove that if G is circular perfect then for every vertex x of G, NG[x] is a perfect graph. Conversely, we prove that if for every vertex x of G, NG[x] is a perfect graph and G − N[x] is a bipartite graph with no induced P5 (the path with five vertices), then G is a circular perfect graph. In a companion paper, we apply the main result of this paper to prove an analog of Haj́os theorem for circular chromatic number for k/d ≥ 3. Namely, we shall design a few graph operations and prove that for any k/d ≥ 3, starting from the graph Kk/d, one can construct all graphs of circular chromatic number at least k/d by repeatedly applying these graph operations. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 48: 186–209, 2005
Simple Trends in NMR Spectra of Vinyl Polymers: The 1H NMR Spectrum of Poly(propylene)
Authors: Monaco Guglielmo , Zambelli Adolfo 
Published: January 2005

AbstractSummary: The tacticity spreading of chemical shifts in the proton NMR spectrum of poly(propylene) in solution has been analyzed first qualitatively, taking advantage of known trends in both proton chemical shift and conformational statistics of vinyl polymers as summarized in the telephone rule, and then quantitatively using ab initio computations, empirical additivity schemes of proton chemical shifts, and conformational averages according to models of different rotational isomeric states. The very good results obtained, both qualitatively and quantitatively, stem from the relatively easy parametrization of proton chemical shift and establish a successful application of the telephone rule, also for proton NMR spectra.Anti and syn labeling of methylene hydrogens in m and r diads.magnified imageAnti and syn labeling of methylene hydrogens in m and r diads.
Parkin disease in a Brazilian kindred: Manifesting heterozygotes and clinical follow‐up over 10 years
Authors: Khan Naheed L. , Horta Wagner , Eunson Louise , Graham Elizabeth , Johnson Janel O. , Chang Shannon , Davis Mary , Singleton Andrew , Wood Nicholas W. , Lees Andrew J. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe report on a large Brazilian kindred with young‐onset parkinsonism due to either a homozygous or heterozygous mutation in parkin. A total of 6 members were affected: 5 were homozygous and 1 heterozygous for a deletion in exon 4. Two other heterozygotes also had extrapyramidal signs. All affected subjects showed characteristic features of parkin disease with foot dystonia and an excellent response to levodopa complicated by motor fluctuations and dyskinesia within 3 years of therapy. Careful clinical follow‐up over 10 years showed the phenotype was similar in all the homozygotes with asymmetrical limb bradykinesia and early walking difficulties. Some acceleration of disability was observed in some of the cases as they entered the third decade of illness, but dementia was absent. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society