bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On Serendipity
Authors: Lederach John Paul 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThis chapter focuses on links between serendipity and real politics. It argues that in the real world, the element that historically assures extinction is unidirectionality and tunnel vision, a single-mindedness of process and response in pursuit of a purpose. Survival requires adaptation to constantly changing environments, finding ways to move sideways while maintaining clarity of purpose. The capacities that create the serendipitous moment, the capacity to give birth to discovery and through discovery to give birth to constructive change are discussed. These include acquiring and building a capacity for peripheral vision, developing creative learning disciplines, and sustaining platforms that are smart flexible.
The Metaphysics of Dante's Comedy
Authors: Moevs Christian 
Published: April 2005

AbstractDante's metaphysics — his understanding of reality — is very different from our own. To present Dante's ideas about the cosmos, or God, or salvation, or history, or poetry within the context of post-Enlightenment presuppositions, as is usually done, is thus to capture only imperfectly the essence of those ideas. This book argues that the recovery of Dante's metaphysics is essential if we are to resolve what has been called “the central problem in the interpretation of the Comedy. ”That problem is what to make of the Comedy's claim to the “status of revelation, vision, or experiential record — as something more than imaginative literature.” This book offers a sustained treatment of the metaphysical picture that grounds and motivates the Comedy, and of the relation between those metaphysics and Dante's poetics. The book carries this out through an examination of three notoriously complex cantos of the Paradiso, read against the background of the Neoplatonic and Aristotelian tradition from which they arise.
Epilogue
Authors: Moevs Christian 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThis epilogue begins with a discussion of the difficulties with materialism and then considers how scientific advances may undercut both materialism and dualism. It argues that what we say we know “ theoretically” about the nature of the world is at variance with how we experience it, with what our behavior shows we believe about it. If we were to see the entire system from the outside in, or from the inside out, as the pilgrim Dante sees the inverted images of creation in Paradiso 28, perhaps our familiar, solid, stolid reality would begin to look ethereal, ephemeral, transparent, no more than a luminous, vibrating veil or reflection of our own being, our own seeing, our own infinite love, our freedom, oneness, nothingness.
Vatican II Con/texts and Greene's Catholic Imagination
Authors: Bosco Mark 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThis chapter argues that Greene’s Catholicism became more important to him after the Vatican II Council than the years just preceding it. The fact that Catholicism is no longer seen as a bulwark that resists modernity does not mean that it depletes those Catholic symbols and images that make it a qualitatively distinctive faith. Greene’s late novels offer a new paradigm to examine the quality and effect of Catholicism in literature.
The Pattern Completed
Authors: Bosco Mark 
Published: April 2005

AbstractIn the last decade of his life, Greene’s publications included newly edited collections of short stories, letters to the press, and occasional articles. The two major works of fiction published in the 1980s, Doctor Fischer of Geneva, or the Bomb Party and Monsignor Quixote showed a stylistic turn to fablelike compositions. The central aspects of his Catholic literary imagination found a culminating expression in his two late works, The Tempest and The Winter’s Tale.
Universalism
Authors: Caney Simon 
Published: April 2005

AbstractAny global political theory must start by asking whether there are in fact universal moral values, and this chapter addresses precisely this question. Section I engages in a conceptual analysis of the terms ‘moral universalism’ and ‘cultural relativism’. Sections II–V then critically examine four arguments for moral universalism, finding three unpersuasive and one (the ‘General Argument for Moral Universalism’) more promising. Sections VI–XIV analyse nine challenges to moral universalism that argue for cultural relativism; none of these, it is argued, is persuasive, since some rest on implausible assumptions or misconceive the nature of universalism, while others, on closer inspection, have claimed that they rest on moral universalism. Section XV summarizes the overall case made for moral universalism.
Just War
Authors: Caney Simon 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe aim of this chapter is to analyse a number of prominent views concerning the nature of a just war and, having criticized them, to outline the account of a just war that follows from a cosmopolitan perspective. It explores different philosophical approaches at a general level, analysing their accounts of when war may be waged (jus ad bellum) and how it may be waged (jus in bello). To do this it begins, in Section I, with some methodological observations, and then, in the next three sections (II–IV), examines several leading perspectives on the nature of just war: Sections II and III explore Michael Walzer’s influential treatment of this subject in Just and Unjust Wars (1977), criticizing in particular his account of jus ad bellum and his derivation of rules of jus in bello; Section IV analyses Terry Nardin’s state-centric account of just war in Law, Morality and the Relations of States (1983). The following four sections (V–VIII) turn to more cosmopolitan perspectives: Section V outlines the general structure of a cosmopolitan theory of just war; Sections VI and VII examine particular cosmopolitan accounts of some aspects of just war, analysing utilitarian and deontological approaches; and Section VIII criticizes the utilitarian and deontological accounts given in the previous two sections, outlining an alternative cosmopolitan rights-based approach that avoids the objections levelled against these two theories. Sections IX–XI analyse realist misgivings about both traditional and cosmopolitan conceptions of jus ad bellum (IX) and jus in bello (X); and Section XI summarizes and concludes.
Internal Organization in the Knowledge Economy: The Rise and Fall of the Oticon Spaghetti Organization
Authors: Foss Nicolai J. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThis chapter develops an organizational economics interpretation of the spaghetti organization. It aims to present a novel and encompassing account and interpretation of a well-known organizational change case, and analyse the costs of internal hybrids in terms of the problem of selective intervention. The analysis is helpful in understanding broader issues of economic organization, such as the governance choice between internal and external hybrids.
Performance and Organization in the Knowledge Economy: Innovation and New Human Resource Management Practices
Authors: Foss Nicolai J. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThis chapter examines the link between innovation performance and complementary new human resource management (HRM) practices. It argues that the notion of complementarities can help explain the stylised facts that relate the changes in the nature of employment relations — called ‘new HRM practices’ — to the systemic nature of these practices, and to their adoption by innovative firms. While the adoption of individual HRM practices may positively influence innovation performance, adopting a package of complementary HRM practices may impact more strongly on innovation performance.
The Spatial Behaviour of Wages
Authors: Knight John , Song Lina 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThis chapter presents a spatial analysis of urban wages and incomes per capita using urban samples of the Institute of Economics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences national household surveys of 1988 and 1995. Wage was the main reason for the general increase in earnings inequality. Basic wage made the biggest contribution to the convergence of earnings inequality across provinces, although other sources were more powerfully convergent.
Rural Migrants in Urban Enterprises
Authors: Knight John , Song Lina 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThis chapter examines the employment of rural migrants in urban enterprises. Rural workers in medium- and large-scale enterprises in cities are likely to be better paid, more willing to hold on to their jobs, and less rapidly drawn back by the claims of their rural households. Migrants earn an average of 80% of the non-migrant wage. The government has implemented policies restricting urban settlement of rural people to ensure preferential access of urban residents to urban jobs.
2 The Revival of Conversion Narrative: Evangelical Awakening in the Eighteenth Century
Authors: Hindmarsh D. Bruce 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
A new episode in the history of spiritual autobiography opened in the late 1730s with the advent of transatlantic Evangelical Revival, and the distinguishing characteristic of this revival or ‘work’ in all its manifestations was the increased incidence of the conversion of individuals. Unlike earlier periods of heightened religious fervour, the revival was uniquely concentrated in time and extended across space. Changes in the North Atlantic world helped to create ‘modern’ conditions for this phenomenon, particularly with the rapid spread of religious news through itinerancy, letter-writing, and the periodical press and the more extensive movement of people, goods, and ideas in the period generally. Includes the case study of the early evangelical Joseph Humphreys—since Humphreys’s experience illustrates how the larger Evangelical Revival was itself constituted by individual conversion experiences, and how these experiences so often compelled converts to retell their life’s story from the beginning, even venturing sometimes to do so in print before an anonymous public.
6 ‘The Word Came in With Power’: Conversions at Cambuslang
Authors: Hindmarsh D. Bruce 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
By moving beyond the geographic limits of England, it is possible to trace a narrative response to Calvinistic preaching during the early Evangelical Revival among a number of lay Presbyterians in south-western Scotland who were subjects of the well-documented ‘Cambuslang Wark’ in 1742 and whose testimonies were recorded by the minister William McCulloch. Given the controversy that Cambuslang excited, especially with the leaders of the Secession Church (or ‘Associate Presbytery’), McCulloch conducted his interviews with the ‘persevering subjects’ of the revival with apologetic aims, as well as with a pastoral desire to discern accurately the condition of those under spiritual concern. The spiritual autobiographies he recorded shared a common narrative structure, displayed a profoundly experiential biblicism, and bore witness to robustly Calvinistic convictions. The marginalia in the McCulloch manuscripts record the observations of other Presbyterian ministers, invited by McCulloch to comment on the narratives, and reveal the distinct but overlapping concerns of lay and clerical piety, even as ministers sought wisely to direct, promote, and defend the ‘work’ of God in their generation through spiritual autobiography.
7 ‘A Nail Fixed in a Sure Place’: The Lives of the Early Methodist Preachers
Authors: Hindmarsh D. Bruce 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
The spiritual autobiographies of the early Methodist lay preachers, penned in the last decades of the eighteenth century, were memoirs of a substantial portion of their lives, interpreted in terms of evangelical conversion. By the late 1770s, evangelicals were no longer feeling their way into a genre; they were writing within a tradition, and conversion had become not only a matter of Christian initiation but also of ongoing Christian experience and identity. As Arminians, these Methodist preachers believed that one might need to renew one’s conversion. And in their accounts of entering the ministry, their experiences of Christian perfection, even in their deathbed utterances recorded by others, their narratives imitated the structure of conversion itself as an agony of travail and relief. Closely allied to one another and supervised by John Wesley, their autobiographies also represented a development from oral to written to printed narrative.
10 After Christendom: Evangelical Conversion Narrative and its Alternatives
Authors: Hindmarsh D. Bruce 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
Begins by reviewing the chronological proliferation, literary elaboration, and theological differentiation of the genre of conversion narrative over the course of the eighteenth century in England. In order to see the genre whole, however, and to appreciate the conditions in general under which people turned to this form of spiritual autobiography, the chapter turns to examine first the ways in which the genre fared at the end of the eighteenth century in the context of evangelical mission enterprise beyond the borders of Christendom, and, second, at the ways in which the genre contrasted with the new forms of modern autobiography in England that appeared ‘after Christendom’. The non-Western case studies include David Brainerd’s mission to the Delaware Indians in New Jersey, the conversion of David George and others associated with the Sierra Leone Colony, and the conversion of South Sea Islanders at the turn of the century. Then, finally, the unconversion and re-conversion of the English entrepreneur James Lackington illustrates both the conditions of narratable evangelical conversion in general and the ways in which the evangelical experience moderated and revised modern ideals of individuality associated with the Enlightenment.
5 The Presidentialization of Spanish Democracy: Sources of Prime Ministerial Power in Post‐Franco Spain
Authors: Biezen Ingrid van , Hopkin Jonathan 
Published: April 2005

AbstractSpain is a good example of a formally parliamentary regime subject to presidentializing pressures. This chapter examines the foundations of this presidentialization, focusing on three broad areas: the formal constitutional framework and other institutional features stemming from the nature of the Spanish transition to democracy, the internal dynamics of Spanish political parties, and the dynamics of electoral competition. It shows that there are clear tendencies towards presidentialization in the Spanish political system, but also countervailing factors that to some extent redress the balance. There is no clear evidence of a gradual presidentialization of Spanish democracy over the post-Franco period, and the status and autonomy of Prime Ministers have fluctuated over time with no clear pattern or direction. This suggests that the key to explaining the degree of presidentialization of Spanish democracy lies in intra- and inter-party dynamics, and in the characteristics of leaders themselves. In conclusion, Spain has strongly ‘presidential’ tendencies, but its constitutional arrangements can also accommodate the reassertion of parliamentary power. In this sense, it has become quite a flexible institutional arrangement where political authority can shift in line with the unpredictable evolution of party politics.
A Causal Model of Deliberation
Authors: Enç Berent 
Published: April 2005

AbstractDeals with the objection against causal theories that conceiving of an action as the result of a chain of events that are causally connected seems to remove the agent from picture altogether: since being an agent is being active, and being the conduit for a causal chain is a passive affair, the objection concludes that latter cannot exhaust the former. In defence of his causal theory, Enç develops a model of deliberation that distinguishes rational action from reflexive, impulsive, and compulsive behaviour.
The Things We Mean
Authors: Schiffer Stephen 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
There exist such things as the things we mean and believe, and they are what the book calls pleonastic propositions. The book is about what these propositions are in themselves, and about their place in nature, language, and thought. Chapters 1 and 2 advance the theory of pleonastic propositions, and of pleonastic entities generally. The remaining six chapters bring that theory to bear on issues in the theory of content: the existence and nature of meanings; knowledge of meaning; the relation between content-involving facts and underlying physical facts; vagueness and indeterminacy; conditionals; normative discourse; and the role of pleonastic propositions in explanation, prediction, and knowledge acquisition.
Problems of Demandingness
Authors: Cullity Garrett 
Published: April 2005

AbstractObjections to demanding moral outlooks are surveyed. The Extreme Demand does not rely on substantial consequentialist or other theoretical assumptions about the connection between morality and impartiality. Seven requirements for a successful argument against the Extreme Demand are identified. The argument developed in the following chapters will have affinities with arguments developed by Kant and Williams, but will aim to overcome problems with those arguments.
Political Institutions and Redistribution
Authors: Alesina Alberto , Glaeser Edward 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThis chapter examines the “political” explanations for the difference in the distributive policies of the United States and Europe. Political and institutional variables provide useful insights on differences in redistribution. These include the lack of a strong socialist party, the nature of the electoral system in the United States vs. Europe, the nature of the federal Constitution in the United States compared to the more centralised states in Europe, and the different role of the courts.
Ancient Worlds, Modern Reflections
Authors: Lloyd Geoffrey 
Published: April 2005

AbstractEngages in a wide-ranging exploration of what we can learn from the study of ancient civilizations, which is relevant to fundamental problems, both intellectual and moral, that we continue to face today.How far is it possible to arrive at an understanding of alien systems of belief? Is it possible to talk meaningfully of 'science' and of its various constituent disciplines, 'astronomy', 'geography', 'anatomy', and so on, in the ancient world? Are logic and its laws universal? Is there one ontology—a single world—to which all attempts at understanding must be considered to be directed? When we encounter apparently very different views of reality, how far can that be put down to a difference in conceptions of what needs explaining, or of what counts as an explanation, or to different preferred modes of reasoning or styles of enquiry? Do the notions of truth and belief represent reliable cross-cultural universals? Are the discourses of human nature and of human rights universally applicable? What political institutions do we need to help secure equity and justice within nation states and between them?Lloyd provides compelling evidence that the science and culture of ancient Greece and China have much to offer contemporary debates in many fields of study.
For Example and Against
Authors: Lloyd Geoffrey 
Published: April 2005

AbstractHow are examples used in reasoning in ancient Greek and Chinese philosophy and science and how were such uses evaluated? Some Greeks, such as Aristotle, downgraded the appeal to examples in mathematics and science in favour of an ideal of axiomatic-deductive reasoning, though still allowing examples a limited role in persuasion. The Chinese used examples with great facility, in such fields as history, law, and cosmology, but in mathematics, for instance, they sought to identify the unifying principles linking different procedures, rather than to attempt to deduce the whole of mathematics from a limited set of purportedly self-evident axioms.
Corporeality and Christ
Authors: Cooper Adam G. 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
Orthodox christology upholds divine impassibility while paradoxically affirming that in the events of the incarnation ‘one of the trinity suffered for us.’ Maximus integrates Chalcedonian christology with the more ‘pastoral’ and dynamic christology of Cyril of Alexandria, defending on both rational and salvific grounds the integrity of Christ’s humanity against reductionistic alternatives.
Corporeality and the Church
Authors: Cooper Adam G. 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
Maximus’ ecclesiology is inseparable from his anthropocentric cosmology, which in turn is deeply christological. The church in its liturgy is the existential locus of personal, communal and cosmic deification. Its sacraments, orthodox confession of faith and hierarchical orders function together as God’s continuing, bodily and visible manifestation on earth.
Market Size, Linkages, and Productivity: A Study of Japanese Regions
Authors: Kanbur Ravi , Venables Anthony J. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractOne account of spatial concentration focuses on productivity advantages arising from market size. The authors investigate this for 40 regions of Japan. Their results identify important effects of a region’s own size, as well as cost linkages between producers and suppliers of inputs. Productivity links to a more general form of ‘market potential’ or Marshall-Arrow-Romer externalities do not appear to be robust in our data. The effects they identify are economically quite important, accounting for a substantial portion of cross-regional productivity differences. A simple counterfactual shows that if economic activity were spread evenly over the 40 regions of Japan, aggregate output would fall by 5%.
International Trade, Location, and Wage Inequality in China
Authors: Kanbur Ravi , Venables Anthony J. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractModels of economic geography predict that transportation costs directly affect demand for goods and the supply of intermediate inputs. One of the reasons that international trade is concentrated in the coastal provinces of China is that they have lower transportation costs in transporting goods to other countries than do provinces in the interior. Examines the relationship between the provincial wage rate and each province’s access to international markets, and to suppliers of intermediate inputs. A gravity equation is first estimated to construct these ‘market access’ and ‘supplier access’ variables. In the second stage, the effect of market access and supplier access on the wage rate is estimated. It is found that about one-quarter of the provincial wage differences in the coastal provinces and 15% of the wage differences in the interior provinces can be explained by these economic geography variables.
Closure and Context
Authors: Pritchard Duncan 
Published: April 2005

AbstractI critically examine two of the main responses to the closure-based sceptical argument. In particular, I look at the case that has been made for the rejection of closure by, for example, Fred Dretske and Robert Nozick, and examine the so-called ‘sensitivity’ condition on knowledge that they advocate in this respect. I then evaluate this approach in the light of the attributer contextualist response to scepticism, as developed by such figures as Stewart Cohen, Keith DeRose and David Lewis. In both cases I argue that these anti-sceptical approaches suffer by being motivated by diverse and incompatible intuitions, principally as regards their ambivalent endorsement of epistemological externalism. An exploration of the relationship between the sceptical problem and the epistemic externalism/internalism distinction is thus presented.