bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Binary All‐polymer Solar Cells with a Perhalogenated‐Thiophene‐Based Solid Additive Surpass 18 % Efficiency
Authors: Feng Wanying , Chen Tianqi , Li Yulu , Duan Tainan , Jiang Xue , Zhong Cheng , Zhang Yunxin , Yu Jifa , Lu Guanghao , Wan Xiangjian , Kan Bin , Chen Yongsheng 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMorphological control of all‐polymer blends is quintessential yet challenging in fabricating high‐performance organic solar cells. Recently, solid additives (SAs) have been approved to be capable in tuning the morphology of polymer: small‐molecule blends improving the performance and stability of devices. Herein, three perhalogenated thiophenes, which are 3,4‐dibromo‐2,5‐diiodothiophene (SA‐T1), 2,5‐dibromo‐3,4‐diiodothiophene (SA‐T2), and 2,3‐dibromo‐4,5‐diiodothiophene (SA‐T3), were adopted as SAs to optimize the performance of all‐polymer organic solar cells (APSCs). For the blend of PM6 and PY‐IT, benefitting from the intermolecular interactions between perhalogenated thiophenes and polymers, the molecular packing properties could be finely regulated after introducing these SAs. In situ UV/Vis measurement revealed that these SAs could assist morphological character evolution in the all‐polymer blend, leading to their optimal morphologies. Compared to the as‐cast device of PM6 : PY‐IT, all SA‐treated binary devices displayed enhanced power conversion efficiencies of 17.4–18.3 % with obviously elevated short‐circuit current densities and fill factors. To our knowledge, the PCE of 18.3 % for SA‐T1‐treated binary ranks the highest among all binary APSCs to date. Meanwhile, the universality of SA‐T1 in other all‐polymer blends is demonstrated with unanimously improved device performance. This work provide a new pathway in realizing high‐performance APSCs.
Using Redox‐Switchable Polymerization Catalysis to Synthesize a Chemically Recyclable Thermoplastic Elastomer
Authors: Liu Jiangwei , Blosch Sarah E. , Volokhova Anastasia S. , Crater Erin R. , Gallin Connor F. , Moore Robert B. , Matson John B. , Byers Jeffery A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn an effort to synthesize chemically recyclable thermoplastic elastomers, a redox‐switchable catalytic system was developed to synthesize triblock copolymers containing stiff poly(lactic acid) (PLA) end blocks and a flexible poly(tetrahydrofuran‐co‐cyclohexene oxide) (poly(THF‐co‐CHO) copolymer as the mid‐block. The orthogonal reactivity induced by changing the oxidation state of the iron‐based catalyst enabled the synthesis of the triblock copolymers in a single reaction flask from a mixture of monomers. The triblock copolymers demonstrated improved flexibility compared to poly(l‐lactic acid) (PLLA) and thermomechanical properties that resemble thermoplastic elastomers, including a rubbery plateau in the range of −60 to 40 °C. The triblock copolymers containing a higher percentage of THF versus CHO were more flexible, and a blend of triblock copolymers containing PLLA and poly(d‐lactic acid) (PDLA) end‐blocks resulted in a stereocomplex that further increased polymer flexibility. Besides the low cost of lactide and THF, the sustainability of this new class of triblock copolymers was also supported by their depolymerization, which was achieved by exposing the copolymers sequentially to FeCl3 and ZnCl2/PEG under reactive distillation conditions.
For Zinc Metal Batteries, How Many Electrons go to Hydrogen Evolution? An Electrochemical Mass Spectrometry Study
Authors: Roy Kingshuk , Rana Ashutosh , Heil Joseph N. , Tackett Brian M. , Dick Jeffrey E. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDespite the advantages of aqueous zinc (Zn) metal batteries (AZMB) like high specific capacity (820 mAh g−1 and 5,854 mAh cm−3), low redox potential (−0.76 V vs. the standard hydrogen electrode), low cost, water compatibility, and safety, the development of practically relevant batteries is plagued by several issues like unwanted hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), corrosion of Zn substrate (insulating ZnO, Zn(OH)2, Zn(SO4)x(OH)y, Zn(ClO4)x(OH)y etc. passivation layer), and dendrite growth. Controlling and suppressing HER activity strongly correlates with the long‐term cyclability of AZMBs. Therefore, a precise quantitative technique is needed to monitor the real‐time dynamics of hydrogen evolution during Zn electrodeposition. In this study, we quantify hydrogen evolution using in situ electrochemical mass spectrometry (ECMS). This methodology enables us to determine a correction factor for the faradaic efficiency of this system with unmatched precision. For instance, during the electrodeposition of zinc on a copper substrate at a current density of 1.5 mA/cm2 for 600 seconds, 0.3 % of the total charge is attributed to HER, while the rest contributes to zinc electrodeposition. At first glance, this may seem like a small fraction, but it can be detrimental to the long‐term cycling performance of AZMBs. Furthermore, our results provide insights into the correlation between HER and the porous morphology of the electrodeposited zinc, unravelling the presence of trapped H2 and Zn corrosion during the charging process. Overall, this study sets a platform to accurately determine the faradaic efficiency of Zn electrodeposition and provides a powerful tool for evaluating electrolyte additives, salts, and electrode modifications aimed at enhancing long‐term stability and suppressing the HER in aqueous Zn batteries.
Insights into the Phase Purity and Storage Mechanism of Nonstoichiometric Na3.4Fe2.4(PO4)1.4P2O7 Cathode for High‐Mass‐Loading and High‐Power‐Density Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Fan Ziwei , Song Wande , Yang Nian , Lou Chenjie , Tian Ruiyuan , Hua Weibo , Tang Mingxue , Du Fei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMixed‐anion‐group Fe‐based phosphate materials, such as Na4Fe3(PO4)2P2O7, have emerged as promising cathode materials for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). However, the synthesis of pure‐phase material has remained a challenge, and the phase evolution during sodium (de)intercalation is debating as well. Herein, a solid‐solution strategy is proposed to partition Na4Fe3(PO4)2P2O7 into 2NaFePO4 ⋅ Na2FeP2O7 from the angle of molecular composition. Via regulating the starting ratio of NaFePO4 and Na2FeP2O7 during the synthesis process, the nonstoichiometric pure‐phase material could be successfully synthesized within a narrow NaFePO4 content between 1.6 and 1.2. Furthermore, the proposed synthesis strategy demonstrates strong applicability that helps to address the impurity issue of Na4Co3(PO4)2P2O7 and nonstoichiometric Na3.4Co2.4(PO4)1.4P2O7 are evidenced to be the pure phase. The model Na3.4Fe2.4(PO4)1.4P2O7 cathode (the content of NaFePO4 equals 1.4) demonstrates exceptional sodium storage performances, including ultrahigh rate capability under 100 C and ultralong cycle life over 14000 cycles. Furthermore, combined measurements of ex situ nuclear magnetic resonance, in situ synchrotron radiation diffraction and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy clearly reveal a two‐phase transition during Na+ extraction/insertion, which provides a new insight into the ionic storage process for such kind of mixed‐anion‐group Fe‐based phosphate materials and pave the way for the development of high‐power sodium‐ion batteries.
Opportunity and Challenge of Emerging COFs in Chemiresistive Sensing for Gas and Humidity
Authors: Mei Aohan , Yang Zifan , Zhou Min , Jin Wei , Liu Yueli , Chen Wen 
Published: January 2024

AbstractNovel 2D materials for chemiresistive sensors are attractive due to their large surface area and structure diversity. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have received much attention due to their unique properties, including the abundant choice of organic building units, permanent pore structure and crystallinity, which show huge potential of implement in gas and humidity detection in complex environment. Recently, the development of the synthesis and modification methods for COFs powder and film contributes to the sensitivity and compatibility in chemiresistive sensors and integrated devices. In the present review, the current synthesis methods of COFs powder and film as well as their application in the chemiresistive sensors are summarized. The current challenge and future modification strategy are discussed for the further development of COFs as active materials in gas and humidity sensors.
Melt‐reprocessablelinear low‐density polyethylene/cyclic olefin copolymerblends with low dielectric constant and low thermal expansion
Authors: Zhang Yingao , Jiang Chuanyu , Li Hairong , Xu Aihua , Li Danding , Huang Jing , Jiang Ming 
Published: January 2024

AbstractInsulation materials with low dielectric constants, low coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE), low densities, renewability, and low cost are urgently needed in the fields of communication, control and signal cables. Here we report that combining cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) with linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE) by melt blending achieves the above goals. The dielectric constant and CTE of LLDPE/COC blends are minimized at 20 wt% COC content, reaching a value of 2.23 at 1000 Hz and 1.21 × 10−4 K−1, respectively. The density of the blend increases by only 1.6% compared with LLDPE, whereas the tensile modulus increases by 56%, which is conducive to the blends to improve mechanical strength while preserving lightweight. The rheological tests show that the zero‐shear viscosity, storage modulus, and loss modulus of the LLDPE/COC blends do not change much compared with pristine LLDPE, maintaining their good melt processability at 160°C. The cyclic rigid structure of COC causes a decrease in CTE, and the increase in free volume between molecular chains is responsible for the reduced dielectric constant. The present work provides a promising route to the design and fabrication of melt‐reprocessable polymer composites with low dielectric constant and low thermal expansion.
Identification of yttrium oxide‐specific peptides for future recycling of rare earth elements from electronic scrap
Authors: Maass Danielle , Boelens Peter , Bloss Christoph , Claus Gerda , Harter Sonja , Günther Dominik , Pollmann Katrin , Lederer Franziska 
Published: January 2024

AbstractYttrium is a heavy rare earth element (REE) that acquires remarkable characteristics when it is in oxide form and doped with other REEs. Owing to these characteristics Y2O3 can be used in the manufacture of several products. However, a supply deficit of this mineral is expected in the coming years, contributing to its price fluctuation. Thus, developing an efficient, cost‐effective, and eco‐friendly process to recover Y2O3 from secondary sources has become necessary. In this study, we used phage surface display to screen peptides with high specificity for Y2O3 particles. After three rounds of enrichment, a phage expressing the peptide TRTGCHVPRCNTLS (DM39) from the random pVIII phage peptide library Cys4 was found to bind specifically to Y2O3, being 531.6‐fold more efficient than the wild‐type phage. The phage DM39 contains two arginines in the polar side chains, which may have contributed to the interaction between the mineral targets. Immunofluorescence assays identified that the peptide's affinity was strong for Y2O3 and negligible to LaPO4:Ce3+,Tb3+. The identification of a peptide with high specificity and affinity for Y2O3 provides a potentially new strategic approach to recycle this type of material from secondary sources, especially from electronic scrap.
Hexagonal boron nitride nanomaterials for biomedical applications
Authors: Wang Congling , Long Yanyang , Deng Yuxian , Han Yuxin , Tishkevich Daria , Ha Minh Ngoc , Weng Qunhong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) nanomaterials are a rising star in the field of biomedicine. This review presents an overview of the progress in h‐BN nanomaterials for biological applications. It begins with a general introduction of the structural characteristics of h‐BN, followed by the brief introduction of its physical and chemical properties, including thermal, band and mechanical properties, chemical reactivity, biodegradability and biocompatibility, then emphasizes on the recent progress in the biomedical applications including drug delivery, boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT), bioimaging and nanozyme, and ends with the challenges and perspectives related to the biomedical applications. The advantages of BN nanomaterials used for biomedical applications were analyzed, and their problems were also discussed, inspiring the future rational designs of the BN nanomedicines.
Combined assessment of progressive apraxia of speech brain microstructure by diffusion tensor imaging tractography and multishell neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging
Authors: Gatto Rodolfo G. , Meade Gabriela , Duffy Joseph R. , Clark Heather M. , Utianski Rene L. , Botha Hugo , Machulda Mary M. , Josephs Keith A. , Whitwell Jennifer L. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundProgressive apraxia of speech (PAOS) is characterized by difficulties with motor speech programming and planning. PAOS targets gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) microstructure that can be assessed using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and multishell applications, such as neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI). In this study, we aimed to apply DTI and NODDI to add further insight into PAOS tissue microstructure.MethodsTwenty‐two PAOS patients and 26 age‐ and sex‐matched controls, recruited by the Neurodegenerative Research Group (NRG) at Mayo Clinic, underwent diffusion MRI on 3T MRI. Brain maps of fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) from DTI and intracellular volume fraction (ICVF) and isotropic volume fraction (IsoVF) from NODDI were generated. Global WM and GM, and specific WM tracts were identified using tractography and lobar GM regions.ResultsGlobal WM differences between PAOS and controls were greatest for ICVF, and global GM differences were greatest for MD and IsoVF. Abnormalities in key WM tracts involved in PAOS, including the body of the corpus callosum and frontal aslant tract, were identified with FA, MD, and ICVF, with excellent differentiation of PAOS from controls (area under the receiver operating characteristic curves >.90). MD and ICVF identified abnormalities in arcuate fasciculus, thalamic radiations, and corticostriatal tracts. Significant correlations were identified between an index of articulatory errors and DTI and NODDI metrics from the arcuate fasciculus, frontal aslant tract, and inferior longitudinal fasciculus.ConclusionsDTI and NODDI represent different aspects of brain tissue microstructure, increasing the number of potential biomarkers for PAOS.
Patients with chronic cluster headache may show reduced activity energy expenditure on ambulatory wrist actigraphy recordings during daytime attacks
Authors: Vandenbussche Nicolas , Van Der Donckt Jonas , De Brouwer Mathias , Steenwinckel Bram , Stojchevska Marija , Ongenae Femke , Van Hoecke Sofie , Paemeleire Koen 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the changes in activity energy expenditure (AEE) throughout daytime cluster headache (CH) attacks in patients with chronic CH and to evaluate the usefulness of actigraphy as a digital biomarker of CH attacks.BackgroundCH is a primary headache disorder characterized by attacks of severe to very severe unilateral pain (orbital, supraorbital, temporal, or in any combination of these sites), with ipsilateral cranial autonomic symptoms and/or a sense of restlessness or agitation. We hypothesized increased AEE from hyperactivity during attacks measured by actigraphy.MethodsAn observational study including patients with chronic CH was conducted. During 21 days, patients wore an actigraphy device on the nondominant wrist and recorded CH attack‐related data in a dedicated smartphone application. Accelerometer data were used for the calculation of AEE before and during daytime CH attacks that occurred in ambulatory settings, and without restrictions on acute and preventive headache treatment. We compared the activity and movements during the pre‐ictal, ictal, and postictal phases with data from wrist‐worn actigraphy with time‐concordant intervals during non‐headache periods.ResultsFour patients provided 34 attacks, of which 15 attacks met the eligibility criteria for further analysis. In contrast with the initial hypothesis of increased energy expenditure during CH attacks, a decrease in movement was observed during the pre‐ictal phase (30 min before onset to onset) and during the headache phase. A significant decrease (p < .01) in the proportion of high‐intensity movement during headache attacks, of which the majority were oxygen‐treated, was observed. This trend was less present for low‐intensity movements.ConclusionThe unexpected decrease in AEE during the pre‐ictal and headache phase of daytime CH attacks in patients with chronic CH under acute and preventive treatment in ambulatory settings has important implications for future research on wrist actigraphy in CH.
Ultrasound molecular imaging for early detection of acute renal ischemia–reperfusion injury
Authors: Ren Ling , Zhao Yuzhuo , Wang Tiantian , Tong Yan , Zhao Ping , Nie Fang , Luo Yukun , Zhu Lianhua 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundMicrocirculatory perfusion disorder and inflammatory response are critical links in acute kidney injury (AKI). We aim to construct anti‐vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1(VCAM‐1) targeted microbubbles (TM) to monitor renal microcirculatory perfusion and inflammatory response.MethodsTM carrying VCAM‐1 polypeptide was constructed by biological coupling. The binding ability of TM to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was detected. Bilateral renal ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) models of mice were established to evaluate microcirculatory perfusion and inflammatory response using TM. Thirty‐six mice were randomly divided into six groups according to the different reperfusion time (0.5, 2, 6, 12, and 24 h) and sham‐operated group (Sham group). The correlation of TM imaging with serum and histopathological biomarkers was investigated.ResultsTM has advantages such as uniform distribution, regular shape, high stability, and good biosafety. TM could bind specifically to VCAM‐1 molecule expressed by tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α)‐treated HUVECs. In the renal IRI‐AKI model, the area under the curve (AUC) of TM significantly decreased both in the renal cortical and medullary after 2 h of reperfusion compared with the Sham group (p < 0.05). Normalized intensity difference (NID) of TM at different reperfusion time was all higher than that of blank microbubbles (BM) and the Sham group (p < 0.05). Ultrasound molecular imaging of TM could detect AKI early before commonly used renal function markers, histopathological biomarkers, and BM imaging. AUC of TM was negatively correlated with serum creatinine (Scr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and Cystatin C (Cys‐C) levels, and NID of TM was linearly correlated with VCAM‐1, TNF‐α, and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) expression (p < 0.05).ConclusionsUltrasound molecular imaging based on TM carrying VCAM‐1 polypeptide can accurately evaluate the changes in renal microcirculatory perfusion and inflammatory response, which might be a promising modality for early diagnosis of AKI.
Research on an educational virtual training system for ship life‐saving appliances
Authors: Qiu Shaoyang , Ren Hongxiang , Wang Delong , Qu Yizhou , Sun Jian 
Published: January 2024

AbstractLife‐saving appliances (LSAs) play a crucial role in maritime emergencies, and seafarers need to undergo rigorous professional training on these appliances to ensure their competence in maritime work. However, traditional teaching and training that mainly rely on real appliances have several limitations. To address these limitations, we have developed a virtual training system that enables multiperson collaborative operation. To guarantee the system's scalability and versatility, the system framework is designed to be modular. In the networking function section, we establish a network architecture and apply state synchronization mechanisms to ensure consistent scenarios across multiusers. Additionally, we propose an interaction management model and an evaluation model for collaborative training and evaluation. Two collaborative training modes are designed to enhance the flexibility of the system. To evaluate the effectiveness of our system, we select 72 trainees to participate in a training and evaluation experiment. The evaluation model is validated by comparing it with expert evaluations. The results show that trainees can gain a better understanding of their roles and responsibilities and accurately remember the collaborative operation sequence. The training effect is positive, indicating that our system can effectively facilitate the teaching and training of LSAs.
Teaching practice of wind turbine practical training based on virtual teaching platform
Authors: Xiaoju Yin , Xue Pan , Shiyu Lu , Zhiliang Du , Tingting Zhao , Xin Guan , Shuaijie Wang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe wind turbine components are bulky and costly. Undergraduate students majoring in wind power cannot achieve professional skills training in the laboratory. To deepen the understanding of wind turbine installation, a virtual simulation platform for the teaching exploration of wind turbine assembly practice course is developed. The goal of the platform is to build a virtual simulation installation process of each huge component of the wind turbine through the model, so that students can experience the experiential learning of the installation of the wind turbine, and experience the learning opportunities of the visualization of parts and the operability of the assembly process, so as to lay the foundation of wind power engineering practice for undergraduate students. The teaching of simulation working process based on wind turbine assembly process and performance characteristics is discussed. The results and questionnaires of students in three classes are counted. The teaching experiment shows that the average score of the experimental group is 4.5 points higher than that of the control group. This method can significantly improve students' interest in learning and academic performance, improve students' wind turbine assembly ability, and meet the actual needs of students majoring in wind power. The research shows that the platform can be effectively used as a practical teaching tool for wind power students.