bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 vaccine uptake and effectiveness by time since vaccination in the Western Cape province, South Africa: An observational cohort study during 2020-2022
Authors: Kassanjee Reshma , Davies Mary-Ann , Heekes Alexa , Mahomed Hassan , Hawkridge Anthony J , Wolmarans Milani , Morden Erna , Jacobs Theuns , Cohen Cheryl , Moultrie Harry , Lessells Richard J , Der Walt Nicolette Van , Arendse Juanita O , Goeiman Hilary , Mudaly Vanessa , Wolter Nicole , Walaza Sibongile , Jassat Waasila , von Gottberg Anne , Hannan Patrick L , Rousseau Petro , Feikin Daniel , Cloete Keith , Boulle Andrew 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundThere are few data on the real-world effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines and boosting in Africa, which experienced high levels of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a mostly vaccine-naïve population, and has limited vaccine coverage and competing health service priorities. We assessed the association between vaccination and severe COVID-19 in the Western Cape, South Africa.MethodsWe performed an observational cohort study of >2 million adults during 2020-2022. We described SARS-CoV-2 testing, COVID-19 outcomes, and vaccine uptake over time. We used multivariable cox models to estimate the association of BNT162b2 and Ad26.COV2.S vaccination with COVID-19-related hospitalisation and death, adjusting for demographic characteristics, underlying health conditions, socioeconomic status proxies and healthcare utilisation.ResultsBy end 2022, only 41% of surviving adults had completed vaccination and 8% a booster dose, despite several waves of severe COVID-19. Recent vaccination was associated with notable reductions in severe COVID-19 during distinct analysis periods dominated by Delta, Omicron BA.1/2 and BA.4/5 (sub)lineages: within 6 months of completing vaccination or boosting, vaccine effectiveness was 46-92% for death (range across periods), 45-92% for admission with severe disease or death, and 25-90% for any admission or death. During the Omicron BA.4/5 wave, within 3 months of vaccination or boosting, BNT162b2 and Ad26.COV2.S were each 84% effective against death (95% CIs: 57-94 and 49-95, respectively). However, there were distinct reductions of VE at larger times post completing or boosting vaccination.ConclusionsContinued emphasis on regular COVID-19 vaccination including boosting is important for those at high risk of severe COVID-19 even in settings with widespread infection-induced immunity.
Intranasal oxytocin improves interoceptive accuracy and heart-beat evoked potentials in a cardiac interoceptive task
Authors: Zhou Menghan , Cheng Lanqing , Zhou Yibo , Zhu Siyu , Zhang Yuan , Kendrick Keith M. , Yao Shuxia 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundInteroception represents perception of the internal bodily state which is closely associated with social/emotional processing and physical health in humans. Understanding the mechanism underlying interoceptive processing, particularly its modulation, is thus of great importance. Given overlap between oxytocinergic pathways and interoceptive signaling substrates in both peripheral visceral organs and the brain, intranasal oxytocin administration is a promising approach for modulating interoceptive processing.MethodsIn a double-blind, placebo-controlled, between-subject design, 80 healthy male participants were recruited to perform a cardiac interoceptive task during electroencephalograph (EEG) and electrocardiograph (ECG) recording to examine whether intranasal administration of the neuropeptide oxytocin can modulate interoceptive processing. We also collected data in a resting state to examine whether we could replicate previous findings.ResultsResults showed that in the interoceptive task oxytocin increased interoceptive accuracy at the behavioral level which was paralleled by larger heartbeat-evoked potential amplitudes on the neural level. Heartbeat-evoked potential amplitudes were found to be positively correlated with interoceptive accuracy across groups. However, there were no significant effects of oxytocin on EEG or ECG during resting-state.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that oxytocin may only have a facilitatory effect on interoceptive processing during task-based conditions. Our findings not only provide new insights into the modulation of interoceptive processing via targeting the oxytocinergic system but also provide proof of concept evidence for the therapeutic potential of intranasal oxytocin in mental disorders with dysfunctional interoception.Clinical Trials RegistrationRegistry name: UESTC-neuSCAN-83 URL: https://register.clinicaltrials.gov/prs/app/action/ViewOrUnrelease?uid=U0002QSK%ts=14%sid=S000BB9A%cx=-xxsuzbRegistration number:NCT05245708
Genome-wide association study of DXA-derived hip morphology identifies associations with 4 loci in Chinese populations
Authors: Zheng Jiayi , Ge Jieyu , Faber Benjamin G. , Lin Huandong , Ebsim Raja , Lindner Claudia , Cootes Timothy , Li Jin , Tobias Jonathan H. , Gao Xin , Wang Sijia 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo identify genetic factors associated with hip morphology in Chinese populations.MethodsAn 85-point Statistical Shape Model (SSM) was applied to extract hip shape modes (HSMs). Diameter of the femoral head (DFH), femoral neck width (FNW) and hip axis length (HAL) were obtained from SSM points using Python scripts. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted in the Shanghai Changfeng (SC) cohort (N=5,310) for each phenotype of DXA-derived hip morphology. Replication of GWAS was conducted in the Core cohort (N=917).ResultsGWAS identified a total of 331 SNPs in 14 loci that were associated with features of hip morphology in the SC cohort. 4 of 14 loci were replicated in the Core cohort: rs143383 (GDF5) associated with HAL (P = 9.4×10−10), rs11614913 (MIR196A2)associated with HSM9 (P = 2.8 ×10−10), rs35049516 (SUPT3H) associated with HSM4 (P = 4.3 ×10−10) and rs7761119 (UST) associated with HSM8 (P = 1.7×10−8). Of these, two loci were known to affect hip morphology, including rs143383 (GDF5) and rs35049516 (SUPT3H), whereas rs11614913 (MIR196A2) and rs7761119 (UST) were novel. There was also overlap with previous GWAS of HSM and other hip-based metrics.ConclusionsIn the largest East Asian ancestry hip shape GWAS to date we identified and replicated four loci associated with different aspects of hip morphology(GDF5, MIR196A2, SUPT3H, UST).Strong SNP-to-gene evidence was found. All four loci have previously been implicated in musculoskeletal development, however this is the first report that rs11614913 (MIR196A2)and rs7761119 (UST) are associated with hip morphology. Despite the small sample size, this study paves the way for trans-ancestry meta-analyses.
Validation of the QAMAI tool to assess the quality of health information provided by AI
Authors: Vaira Luigi Angelo , Lechien Jerome R. , Abbate Vincenzo , Allevi Fabiana , Audino Giovanni , Beltramini Giada Anna , Bergonzani Michela , Boscolo-Rizzo Paolo , Califano Gianluigi , Cammaroto Giovanni , Chiesa-Estomba Carlos M. , Committeri Umberto , Crimi Salvatore , Curran Nicholas R. , di Bello Francesco , di Stadio Arianna , Frosolini Andrea , Gabriele Guido , Gengler Isabelle M. , Lonardi Fabio , Maniaci Antonino , Maglitto Fabio , Mayo-Yáñez Miguel , Petrocelli Marzia , Pucci Resi , Saibene Alberto Maria , Saponaro Gianmarco , Tel Alessandro , Trabalzini Franco , Trecca Eleonora M.C. , Vellone Valentino , Salzano Giovanni , De Riu Giacomo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo propose and validate the Quality Assessment of Medical Artificial Intelligence (QAMAI), a tool specifically designed to assess the quality of health information provided by AI platforms.Study designobservational and valuative studySetting27 surgeons from 25 academic centers worldwide.MethodsThe QAMAI tool has been developed by a panel of experts following guidelines for the development of new questionnaires. A total of 30 responses from ChatGPT4, addressing patient queries, theoretical questions, and clinical head and neck surgery scenarios were assessed. Construct validity, internal consistency, inter-rater and test-retest reliability were assessed to validate the tool.ResultsThe validation was conducted on the basis of 792 assessments for the 30 responses given by ChatGPT4. The results of the exploratory factor analysis revealed a unidimensional structure of the QAMAI with a single factor comprising all the items that explained 51.1% of the variance with factor loadings ranging from 0.449 to 0.856. Overall internal consistency was high (Cronbach’s alpha=0.837). The Interclass Correlation Coefficient was 0.983 (95%CI 0.973-0.991; F(29,542)=68.3;p<0.001), indicating excellent reliability. Test-retest reliability analysis revealed a moderate-to-strong correlation with a Pearson’s coefficient of 0.876 (95%CI 0.859-0.891;p<0.001)ConclusionsThe QAMAI tool demonstrated significant reliability and validity in assessing the quality of health information provided by AI platforms. Such a tool might become particularly important/useful for physicians as patients increasingly seek medical information on AI platforms.
Solar neutrinos and
ν2
visible decays to
ν1
Authors: de Gouvêa André , Weill Jean , Sen Manibrata 
Published: January 2024

Experimental bounds on the neutrino lifetime depend on the nature of the neutrinos and the details of the potentially new physics responsible for neutrino decay. In the case where the decays involve active neutrinos in the final state, the neutrino masses also qualitatively impact how these manifest themselves experimentally. In order to further understand the impact of nonzero neutrino masses, we explore how observations of solar neutrinos constrain a very simple toy model. We assume that neutrinos are Dirac fermions and there is a new massless scalar that couples to neutrinos such that a heavy neutrino—ν2 with mass m2—can decay into a lighter neutrino—ν1 with mass m1—and a massless scalar. We find that the constraints on the new physics coupling depend, sometimes significantly, on the ratio of the daughter-to-parent neutrino masses and that, for large-enough values of the new physics coupling, the “dark side” of the solar neutrino parameter space—sin2 θ12∼0.7—provides a reasonable fit to solar neutrino data, if only B8 or Be7 neutrino data alone are considered, but no allowed region is found in the combined analysis. Our results generalize to other neutrino-decay scenarios, including those that mediate ν2→ν1ν¯3ν3 when the neutrino mass ordering is inverted mass and m2>m1≫m3, the mass of ν3.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Effects of salt spray duration on the fretting corrosion behavior of the Inconel 690 alloy tubes
Authors: Yin Meigui , Zhang Lei , Huang Longxiang 
Published: January 2024

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of surface salt spray duration on the fretting wear and electrochemical corrosion behaviors of Inconel 690 alloy.

Design/methodology/approach
A high-temperature steam generator was applied to salt spray test samples, a fretting wear rig was used to realize the damage behavior tests, an electrochemical workstation was applied to analysis the changes of each sample’s corrosion dynamic response before and after fretting wear.

Findings
The thickness of the oxide film that formed on sample surface was increased with the salt spray duration, and somewhat it could act as lubrication during the fretting wear process; however, the corrosive chloride would accelerate the fretting mechanical damage behavior.

Originality/value
In a salt steam spray condition, the fretting tribo-corrosion behaviors of Inconel 690 alloy surface was studied.
An implementation of climate-related financial policies to promote a nation’s participation in global value chains: evidence from an international database
Authors: Hà Lê Thanh 
Published: January 2024

PurposeThis study aims to investigate two issues: (1) a nexus between climate-related financial policies (CRFP) and global value chains (GVC) and (2) the government’s policies to help countries enhance the efficient use of CRFP in improving a country’s likelihood to participate in GVC.Design/methodology/approachTo investigate the connection between GVC and CRFP, the authors incorporate that backward participation is measured using foreign value-added, while domestic value-added is used to measure forward participation, quantified as proportions of gross exports. The study analyses yield significant insights across a span of 20 developing countries and 26 developed countries over the period from 2010 to 2020.FindingsRegarding the first issue, the authors affirm the presence of a linear link between GVC and CRFP, implying that involvement in CRFP is advantageous for both backward and forward participation. Furthermore, the authors identify long-term GVC and CRFP cointegration and confirm its long-term effects. Notably, the expression of a linear relationship between GVC and CRFP appears to be stronger in developing countries.Research limitations/implicationsThe study findings, together with previous research, highlight the importance of financial policies relating to climate change (CRFP) in the context of economic growth. Climate change’s consequences for financial stability and GVC highlight the importance of expanded policymakers and industry participation in tackling environmental concerns.Practical implicationsRegarding the second issue, the study findings suggest critical policy implications for authorities by highlighting the importance of financial stability and expanded policymakers in promoting countries' participation in GVC.Originality/valueThis paper investigates the link between GVC performance and CRFP, offering three significant advances to previous research. Moreover, as a rigorous analytical method, this study adopts a typical error model with panel correction that accounts for cross-sectional dependency and stationarity.
Pluralism and corporate governance reform
Authors: Rees Chris 
Published: January 2024

PurposeThe article considers the utility of a pluralist perspective in the context of current debates around UK corporate governance reform. Oxford School pluralism advanced both a description of how industrial relations (IR) operated in practice plus a prescription for how it should operate. Whilst economic conditions are different today, a pluralist framing provides not only a useful way of understanding interests in firm governance (description) but also a solid grounding for a pragmatic reform agenda (prescription).Design/methodology/approachDrawing from key texts in the field, the article considers core concepts within pluralist discourse and discusses their relevance to contemporary policy debates.FindingsThe article provides a short outline of recent economic and political developments and considers how a pluralist framing helps explain firm-level interests, challenging the dominant narrative of shareholder primacy. It then asks what policy interventions might flow from this analysis of capital and labour investments, and how feasible they are in the current UK context. This allows a discussion of levels of analysis (evident in materialist theories such as “radical pluralism” and the “disconnected capitalism thesis”). Finally, it reflects briefly on the links between corporate governance and wider patterns of inequality, suggesting the pluralist position is consistent with a Durkheimian sociology focusing on the potential in state-led regulatory interventions to tackle anomie and strengthen social solidarity.Originality/valueThe article brings together literature from what are often treated as relatively discrete areas of enquiry (employment relations and corporate governance) and also considers the public policy implications of these connections.
Enhancing digital literacy in education: educational directions
Authors: Chan Gloria Hongyee 
Published: January 2024

PurposeThe significance of digital literacy in online social capital accumulation and surviving the contemporary society is widely recognised. Despite that the current generation is regarded as “digital natives”, their levels and nature of digital literacy vary. To generate educational insights, this study investigates the type(s) of digital literacy which are mostly related to the online social capital accumulation, and how one’s socio-economic background affects the connection between digital literacy and online social capital.Design/methodology/approachA total of 1,747 participants aged 13–30 were invited to take part in a quantitative study. Spearman's rank correlation analysis, hierarchical regression analysis and mediation analyses were performed to investigate the relationship between participants' demographic background, engagement in the online platforms, digital literacy and online social capital.FindingsThe results showed that the creative dimension of digital literacy was mostly significantly predictive of online social capital accumulation. Also, education significantly affected the relationship between the creative dimension of digital literacy and online social capital more than demographic background.Originality/valueResults suggest that education helps enhance digital literacy, offsetting the influence of socio-demographic background. The author examines the implications of how to implement training programmes in youth settings to enhance students' digital literacy and benefit those who are marginalised.
Does access to assistive technologies enhance labour force participation amongst the disabled population? Evidence from India
Authors: Rajasulochana Subramania Raju , Khan Mohd Imran 
Published: January 2024

PurposePersons with disabilities (PwD) are generally less likely to be employed than the general population. The paper aims to investigate whether access to assistive technologies (AT) impacts labour force participation in the disabled population.Design/methodology/approachThe study utilises the nationally representative survey on disability in India conducted in 2018 through multi-stage sampling by the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MOSPI), Government of India. The instrumental variable (IV) approach has been employed to infer causality between AT and labour market participation.FindingsThe study found that the labour force participation rate (LFPR) in India amongst the disabled population was 29% in the age group of 15–65 years in 2017–2018, as compared to 52% in the general population. Around two-thirds of the PwD respondents who were advised to acquire aid appliances acquired them, implying limited access to AT. The probability of LFPR in disabled population increases by 26.6% with access to AT particularly in urban areas.Practical implicationsPersistent issues such as lack of adequate amenities, poor literacy and a lack of vocational skills need to be addressed to improve labour market outcomes for the disabled population in rural areas.Originality/valueDespite its role in promoting distributive justice and inclusive development, research on equity gaps in access to AT and its impact on labour market outcomes is scant. This is the first paper that provides empirical evidence on the impact of access to AT on LFPR in the context of low- and middle-income countries.
Adopting artificial intelligence driven technology in medical education
Authors: Abdekhoda Mohammadhiwa , Dehnad Afsaneh 
Published: January 2024

Purpose
Artificial intelligence (AI) is a growing paradigm and has made considerable changes in many fields of study, including medical education. However, more investigations are needed to successfully adopt AI in medical education. The purpose of this study was identify the determinant factors in adopting AI-driven technology in medical education.

Design/methodology/approach
This was a descriptive-analytical study in which 163 faculty members from Tabriz University of Medical Sciences were randomly selected by nonprobability sampling technique method. The faculty members’ intention concerning the adoption of AI was assessed by the conceptual path model of task-technology fit (TTF).

Findings
According to the findings, “technology characteristics,” “task characteristics” and “TTF” showed direct and significant effects on AI adoption in medical education. Moreover, the results showed that the TTF was an appropriate model to explain faculty members’ intentions for adopting AI. The valid proposed model explained 37% of the variance in faulty members’ intentions to adopt AI.

Practical implications
By presenting a conceptual model, the authors were able to examine faculty members’ intentions and identify the key determining factors in adopting AI in education. The model can help the authorities and policymakers facilitate the adoption of AI in medical education. The findings contribute to the design and implementation of AI-driven technology in education.

Originality/value
The finding of this study should be considered when successful implementation of AI in education is in progress.
Unlocking organizational change: a deep dive through a data triangulation in healthcare
Authors: Da Ros Alessandra , Pennucci Francesca , De Rosis Sabina 
Published: January 2024

PurposeThe outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted healthcare systems, presenting unforeseen challenges that necessitated the implementation of change management strategies to adapt to the new contextual conditions. This study aims to analyze organizational changes within the total hip replacement (THR) surgery pathway at multiple levels, including macro, meso and micro. It employs data triangulation from various sources to gauge the complexity of the change process and comprehend how multi-level decision-making influenced an unexpected shift.Design/methodology/approachA multicentric, single in-depth case study was conducted using a mixed-methods approach. Data sources included patient-reported outcome measures specific to the THR pathway and carefully structured in-depth interviews administered to managers and clinicians in two healthcare organizations serving the same population.FindingsDecisions made at the macro level resulted in an overall reduction in surgical activities. Organizational changes at the meso level led to a complete cessation or partial reorganization of activities. Micro-level actions for change and adaptation revealed diverse and fragmented change management strategies.Practical implicationsOrganizations with segmented structures may require a robust and structured department for coordinating change management responses to prevent the entire system from becoming stuck in the absorptive phase of change. However, it is important to recognize that absorptive solutions can serve as a starting point for genuine innovations in change management.Originality/valueThe utilization of data triangulation enables the authors to visualize how specific changes implemented in response to the pandemic have influenced the observed outcomes. From a managerial perspective, it provides insights into how future innovations could be introduced.