bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic analysis of the epidemiology and pathogen distribution of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in children with severe pulmonary infection: a retrospective study
Authors: Yu Muchun , Li Mingchao , Sun Huiqing 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Severe pulmonary infection is the primary cause of death in children aged < 5 years. The early identification of pathogenic bacteria and targeted anti-infective therapies can significantly improve the prognosis of children with severe infections. This study aims to provide a reference for the rational use of antibiotics at an early stage in children with severe pulmonary infections.

Methods
A retrospective, single-center longitudinal study included children with severe pulmonary infections between January 2017 and December 2022 by obtaining their bacterial culture results of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.

Results
This study included 4080 samples. The age of onset for severe pulmonary infection increased annually. The proportion of severe pulmonary infections across the different age groups and years was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Among children with severe pulmonary infections, bacilli were the most prevalent, followed by cocci and fungi. The predominant bacilli were Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The predominant cocci identified in this study were Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus. The primary fungi included Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus, which showed significant differences (p < 0.05). The incidence of drug-resistant bacteria has gradually declined, with infection rates of multidrug-resistant bacteria and extended-spectrum beta-lactamases consistently decreasing annually. For carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the infection rates peaked in 2018, with statistical significance (p < 0.001).

Conclusions
Severe pulmonary infections in children are significantly associated with age and types of infectious pathogens. Gram-negative bacteria are the primary cause of severe pulmonary infections in children. Clinicians should rationally use antibiotics according to the local distribution and drug resistance of pathogens, thereby enhancing therapeutic outcomes.
Sequential separation of anti-diabetic drugs in the presence of melamine as impurity using chromatographic methods
Authors: Magdy Maimana A. , Abdelrahman Maha M. , Mohamed Doaa G. , Ahmed Amal B. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The study of green analytical chemistry has garnered significant attention in the context of mitigating global environmental contamination. In this study, we present two methodologies for environmentally friendly chromatography that enable simultaneous and specific determination of Saxagliptin (SAX), metformin (MET), and a pharmacopoeial impurity of MET known as melamine (MEL). The initial method employed in this study is High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC), which utilized 60 F 254 silica gel-coated Mark HPTLC plates on aluminum sheets as the stationary phase. The developing system was made up of a mix of ethyl acetate: methanol: ammonia: glacial acetic acid in a ratio of 6:4:1:0.3 (v/v/v/v). The analysis was performed at a wavelength of 215 nm. The second method employed in this study is ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). In this method, a C18 column was utilized for the separation process. The mobile phase was made up of a mix of methanol and 0.01 M sodium dodecyl sulfate, with a pH of 3.3 achieved by adding orthophosphoric acid. The ratio of methanol to sodium dodecyl sulfate in the mobile phase was 70:30 (v/v). The flow rate of the mobile phase was established at a rate of 1.5 mL/min. The peaks found and recorded are resolved at a wavelength of 215 nm. The three analytes under investigation were successfully separated and assessed using the recommended protocols. Both methods were validated following the International Council for Harmonization (ICH) recommendations for assessing linearity, range, accuracy, precision, specificity, and robustness. Moreover, the environmental sustainability of the advanced methodologies The assessment has been performed using various instruments, such as the Analytical Eco-Scale, NEMI, GAPI, and AGREE. The utilization of these tools was implemented in order to perform a comprehensive assessment of the environmental sustainability of the methods, as well as to establish a comparison with previously documented approaches. This study was carried out to evaluate the potential environmental implications of the suggested methods and to determine their suitability for concurrent analysis of the examined pharmaceuticals in formula and quality control units.
Exploring technical and vocational education and training and its relationship to employment in Nepal: a mixed methods study
Authors: Paudel Prakash Kumar , Parajuli Mahesh Nath , C Bhattarai Prakash 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study was conducted to explore the relationship between actors of education and employment systems in Nepali Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) system. The study measured the engagement of actors from both systems in the curriculum process: design, application, and feedback phases. Further, it explained why the actors of these systems have weak relationships in Nepal. This study used an explanatory sequential mixed methods approach. First, we collected the information with 124 TVET experts with at least five years of experience to calculate the linkage index score. Second, we interviewed 15 individuals who were the respondents in the first survey. The survey revealed that although the education and employment system has gradually increased collaboration in the last few years, particularly since 2018, education actors still have more power for decision-making across all three curriculum phases. The study revealed that employers’ lack of meaningful participation in the curriculum design phase impedes them from engaging in the curriculum application and excludes them in the feedback phase. This study contributes an essential insight to bridging a gap between actors of the education and employment system.
“Knowing Our Difference”: Class and the Literary Zombie
Authors: McCann Sean 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In bringing literary sophistication to the zombie story, Colson Whitehead and Ling Ma also transformed the ideological core of the genre, changing it from a narrative of civilizational collapse and survival to a drama of professional-class status anxiety and status election. Although Whitehead and Ma emphasize the racial identity of their protagonists, the central concern of their novels lies in a vindication of class superiority, which the novels cast less as socioeconomic advantage than as spiritual endowment. In this way, their narratives function as allegories of the justification of social hierarchy that Pierre Bourdieu calls “sublimation.”
A Useless Pyramid: Figure and Surplus in William Petty’s Treatise of Taxes
Authors: Walton Alex 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
William Petty (1623–87) has long been recognized as one of the founders of political economy—“one of the first to see through the nature of value,” as Karl Marx put it. To do so, in Petty’s case, also meant entangling early modern political economy in poiēsis: in imaginative fabrication and mental image-breaking. This essay is concerned with Petty’s theorization of surplus or “supernumerary” population and with the enduring motif of a “useless pyramid upon Salisbury Plain” that was its superfluous product. The double status of Petty’s supernumerary labor, at once evacuated into “labor pure and simple” and made to reoccupy the ideologically charged and apocalyptic “temple-work” of his more zealous contemporaries, allows it to register the dynamism of capitalism as a system: as a “moving contradiction” coupling necessity and nonnecessity.
Επαναπροσδιορίζοντας την έννοια της εμπλοκής: Αξιοποιώντας τα δεδομένα από την έρευνα στην εννοιολογική αλλαγή
Authors: Κυριακοπούλου Νατάσσα , Σκοπελίτη Ειρήνη 
Published: January 2025

Η τρέχουσα έρευνα στο πεδίο της γνωστικής αναπτυξιακής ψυχολογίας έχει αναδείξει μια πολυδιάστατη προσέγγιση για την έννοια της εμπλοκής, η οποία περιλαμβάνει τουλάχιστον τρεις βασικές συνιστώσες που εμφανίζονται ταυτόχρονα κατά τη μάθηση: μια συναισθηματική, μια συμπεριφορική και μια γνωστική. Ωστόσο, οι ερευνητές δεν συμφωνούν πάντα, τόσο για το τι περιλαμβάνουν οι συνιστώσες αυτές όσο και για τον τρόπο που αυτές αλληλεπιδρούν. Στην παρούσα εργασία, θα προσπαθήσουμε να συζητήσουμε αυτό το ζήτημα υπό το πρίσμα ενός συγκεκριμένου είδους μάθησης, της εννοιολογικής αλλαγής. Συγκεκριμένα, θα επιχειρήσουμε να εξηγήσουμε, με βάση ερευνητικά δεδομένα, πώς εσωτερικοί παράγοντες, όπως η προηγούμενη γνώση των μαθητών και οι επιστημικές πεποιθήσεις τους, μαζί με εξωτερικούς παράγοντες, όπως τα πολιτισμικά εργαλεία, μπορούν να επηρεάσουν τη «στιγμιακή» εμπλοκή των μαθητών, δηλαδή την εμπλοκή τους ανά μεμονωμένες στιγμές ενασχόλησής τους με επιστημονικές έννοιες, ειδικά σε περιπτώσεις που χρειάζεται να αναδιοργανώσουν τις αφελείς θεωρίες τους, προχωρώντας έτσι προς μια διαδικασία εννοιολογικής αλλαγής. Θα επικεντρωθούμε στο πώς αυτοί οι παράγοντες μπορούν να υποστηρίξουν την μάθηση, αλλά ταυτόχρονα μπορούν να αποτελέσουν και εμπόδιο στη στιγμιακή εμπλοκή στην τάξη στην περίπτωση της εννοιολογικής αλλαγής. Τέλος, θα συζητήσουμε πώς η κατανόηση της στιγμιακής εμπλοκής στο πλαίσιο της εννοιολογικής αλλαγής μπορεί να ενισχύσει την κατανόησή μας για το πώς να προσαρμόζουμε το ρυθμό ή την επιτυχία της εννοιολογικής αλλαγής, καθώς και το ποια είναι τα κατάλληλα εκπαιδευτικά περιβάλλοντα προκειμένου να επιτευχθεί η εννοιολογική αλλαγή.
Systemic therapists’ experience of the enforced transition to online therapy due to the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative study
Authors: Yotsidi Vasiliki , Providaki Angeliki , Fourtouni Myrto 
Published: January 2025

With the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, psychotherapists who were used to seeing their patients in face-to-face settings adapted to providing online therapy via videoconferencing, regardless of their previous knowledge or attitudes toward remote psychotherapy. Given the sudden switch to a digital therapeutic modality, this study was designed with the aim of exploring systemic therapists’ experience of the enforced transition to online therapy due to the pandemic. Twelve certified systemic therapists (60% women, 40% men; Mage = 38.75 years old; Myears in practice = 11.58) participated in semi-structured interviews that were organized around past, present, and future dimensions of their overall experience of using online video technology professionally. Thematic analysis of the transcripts revealed five main themes depicting participants’ struggles, adjustments, and expectations from practicing remotely. Therapists reported that prior familiarity with online individual therapy was a facilitating factor in this rapid change. Difficulties included establishing therapeutic boundaries in online practice as well as relational challenges with clients and co-therapists. However, participants perceived online systemic therapy to emerge as a new systemic milieu that may provide further therapeutic possibilities, and they expressed positive expectations about its effectiveness. Based on the findings of this study, problems with maintaining therapeutic alliance and cohesion as well as new potential client’s resistances, especially in group, family, and couple online systemic therapy, warrant further research. As online technology has eventually become an alternative mode of therapy in clinical practice, the insights from systemic therapy may prove beneficial in the field of online psychotherapy.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Golfer's Elbow: A Review of Therapeutic Approaches
Authors: Dzwonnik Karol , Zelik Urszula , Florczak Wojciech , Śnieżna Joanna , Dziewic Jakub , Domino Wiktoria , Trestka Gabriela , Przygoda Maria , Włodyka Jagienka , Stępień Kamila , Adamczyk Sabina 
Published: January 2025

Introduction:
Medial epicondylitis, or golfer's elbow, is caused by repetitive stress on the medial epicondyle tendons, leading to pain, reduced grip strength, and limited mobility. Poor biomechanics and overloading worsen the condition, which involves tendon degeneration and inflammation. Treatment begins with rest, physical therapy, and NSAIDs, while advanced cases may require injections, surgery, or innovative therapies targeting oxidative stress.
Aim of study Objective:The objective of this paper is to analyze the causes, symptoms, and available treatment n methods for golfer's elbow (medial epicondylitis). The paper aims to compare the effectiveness of conservative methods and surgical interventions in treating this condition, as well as discuss the latest advancements in therapy
State of Knowledge:
Medial epicondylitis, or golfer's elbow, is a chronic tendon condition caused by repetitive stress. Diagnosis relies on clinical evaluation and imaging, while treatment begins with conservative methods like rest and physical therapy. For resistant cases, surgical options and innovative therapies. A multimodal, personalized approach ensures optimal recovery and long-term relief.
Summary (Conclusion):
Medial epicondylitis, or golfer's elbow, is caused by repetitive stress and degenerative changes in the flexor-pronator tendons. Effective diagnosis combines clinical evaluation and imaging. Conservative treatment, including rest, physical therapy, and pharmacological support, is the first-line approach. In refractory cases, surgical options like open repair and arthroscopy, along with innovative techniques such as collagen-augmented sutures and stem cell applications, show promising results. Complementary therapies, such as ESWT, PRP, and manual therapy, further enhance outcomes, particularly in chronic cases. A multimodal, personalized approach ensures optimal tendon healing, functional recovery, and long-term symptom relief.
A Shared Path: Co-occurrence and Clinical Implications of Celiac Disease and Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Florczak Wojciech , Śnieżna Joanna , Dziewic Jakub , Dzwonnik Karol , Domino Wiktoria , Zelik Urszula , Trestka Gabriela , Przygoda Maria , Włodyka Jagienka , Stępień Kamila , Adamczyk Sabina 
Published: January 2025

Introduction:
Celiac disease (CeD) and Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) are autoimmune diseases that sometimes co-occur in genetically predisposed people. Both diseases share common genetic factors, such as human leukocyte antigens: HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8. Apart from that, they share environmental factors such as gluten exposure, viral infections, and alterations in gut microbiota composition. CeD is a gluten-induced disease resulting in inflammation and impaired absorption of the nutrients, leading to malnutrition. In T1DM, β-cells in the pancreatic tissue are destroyed during the T-cell mediated reaction, which leads to impaired insulin production and development of insulin deficiency which leads to hyperglycemia and chronic complications.
Materials and methods:
This study is based on a review of multiple articles and prospective studies we managed to find online in the PubMed database.Aim of the study:
The aim of the study is to investigate the clinical implications of T1DM and CeD, focusing on the importance of early screening for CeD in patients with T1DM and evaluate the challenges in the management of both diseases simultaneously. Additionally, the study highlights the potential benefits of a personalized approach to treatment.
Conclusions:
The co-occurrence of CeD and T1DM is common and it’s determined by shared genetic, immune, and environmental factors. Early screening and diagnosis are very important regarding the management strategies for these conditions. Gluten free diet (GFD) is the main treatment for CeD, but its adherence may be challenging, especially in T1DM patients who already face many restrictions on a daily basis. Personalized treatment approaches seem to be essential for simultaneously managing and optimizing CeD and T1DM. However, the lower compliance to GFD among T1DM patients suggests the need for further research to provide support for long-term management of both T1DM and CeD.
The Use of Yoga in the Treatment of PCOS
Authors: Przesór Agnieszka , Medźwiedzka Natalia 
Published: January 2025

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex and common endocrine disorder, and affects women of reproductive age. Symptoms include multiple ovarian cysts, hyperandrogenism (high levels of male hormones), and irregular menstrual cycles. PCOS is associated with a variety of health problems, including insulin resistance, obesity, hirsutism (excessive hair growth), and fertility problems. Lifestyle interventions and weight loss, if appropriate, remain the first-line treatment for women with PCOS. Regular physical activity is recommended for women with PCOS to maintain a healthy weight and cardiovascular fitness. Yoga is a system of exercises, called asanas, that originates from ancient India. Asana means “comfortable posture,” so any yoga posture is considered optimal for human well-being and balance. There are also more complicated asanas, especially for beginners, that can feel like they are taking away from one’s balance. In addition to asanas, breathing techniques known as pranayama are also very important in yoga. Practicing yoga is an excellent tool in improving the functioning of our entire body, both on the level of psyche and physis, which is why it is especially valuable for patients with PCOS.
Aim of study: The purpose of this review is to demonstrate the beneficial effects of yoga on the body of women with PCOS.
Materials and methods: This review was conducted by searching for scientific publications in PubMed and Google Scholar. The analysis included searching using the words: pcos, yoga pcos, yoga physical activity and then briefly summarizing their findings.
Conclusions: The literature review and the presented results of clinical studies show that a holistic approach to PCOS treatment, including physical exercise in the form of yoga exercises, has a positive effect on the quality of life of patients.
Management of Marfan Syndrome, with a Specific Focus on the Significance of Physical Activity in this Patient Population
Authors: Jędrzejewska-Rzezak Patrycja 
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Marfan syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder of connective tissue. Timely diagnosis and effective therapy are essential for individuals with Marfan syndrome, as they are susceptible to severe cardiovascular consequences, including aortic aneurysms and aortic dissection. The conventional treatment comprises beta-blockers to mitigate the dilatation of the aorta and aortic surgery. The efficacy of contemporary medicinal and surgical interventions in Marfan syndrome has significantly enhanced mean life expectancy. International guidelines generally discourage physical activity for individuals with Marfan syndrome. Recent recommendations have created exclusions for these patients, indicating benefits from engaging in low-intensity physical activity exclusively.
Aim of the study: The primary aim of this research is to elucidate the most recent management ideas pertaining to Marfan syndrome. Significant emphasis is placed on the importance and safety of physical activity in individuals afflicted with this disease. The risks linked to physical activity are addressed, however the advantages of particular activities are highlighted.
Materials and methods: A review of the literature available in the PubMed database was performed, using the key words: „Marfan syndrome", „connective tissue disease”, „physical activity", „aortic aneurysm”, „FBN1”.
Conclusion: The prognosis for patients with Marfan syndrome has markedly improved in the last years. Contrary to conventional guidance to refrain from physical activity, emerging research indicates that low-intensity exercise may be advantageous. Research on the safety and health implications of physical activity in patients with Marfan syndrome is exceedingly few. Current information indicates that moderate physical activity at a particular intensity may be safe in this condition. Additional study is necessary to offer targeted recommendations for patient training and enhance their long-term quality of life.
Restless Legs Syndrome: A Comprehensive Review of Current Treatment Methods and the Disease's Impact on Quality of Life
Authors: Papachristoforou Natalie , Tekiela Natalia , Michałka Daria , Gałuszka Zuzanna , Makar Monika , Bartuś Tomasz , Bąk Emilia , Głowacka Justyna , Kocjan Aleksandra , Chmiel Radosław 
Published: January 2025

Introduction and Purpose of Research: Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS) or Willis-Ekbom disease, is a common neurological disorder significantly impacting one’s sleep and quality of life. It often coexists with various health issues, including diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Aim of study: The primary purpose of this research is to explore diverse therapeutic options for RLS which are tailored to individual patient needs. In order to understand the complex pathophysiology of the discussed disease, recent advancements are taken into account.
Material and Methods of Research: The review is grounded in findings from 36 recent studies sourced through a systematic search of open-access databases, including PubMed and Google Scholar, focusing on literature published between 2004 and 2024.
Results: Adequate and effective management of RLS include non-pharmacological interventions, such as physical activity, acupuncture, yoga and near-infrared light therapy, which can complement pharmacotherapy or prevail as the primary treatment form. Iron therapy emerges as vital for many patients. The correlation between iron metabolism and RLS symptoms requires further analysis and research. Pharmacological strategies involve dopaminergic medications, low-potency opioids, and benzodiazepines, with a target on minimizing side effects and dependency.
Conclusion: RLS affects approximately 5-10% of the population, severely disrupting sleep and daily functioning. The condition constrains individualized management, integrating non-pharmacological forms of treatment with pharmacological therapies to improve patient outcomes and reduce dependence on medication.
Assessment of the Impact of Different Types and Intensities of Physical Exercise on the Quality of Life of Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease: A Literature Review
Authors: Barabasz Katarzyna , Więcławek Paulina , Juda Piotr , Kłaptocz Patrycja , Łukoś-Karcz Katarzyna , Bańkowski Dominik , Pabian Gabriela , Musiał Karol , Bielak Kamil 
Published: January 2025

Objective
Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, representing a global health challenge. The aim of this review is to assess the impact of different types and intensities of physical exercise on cognitive functions, biomarkers, and the quality of life of AD patients.

Methods
Studies from PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science (2000–2024) were analyzed, focusing on the effects of aerobic, resistance, and combined exercises on memory, executive functions, biomarkers (amyloid beta, tau protein, BDNF), daily living abilities (ADL), and quality of life. The review included 42 studies, including randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses.

Results
Moderate-intensity aerobic and combined exercises improve memory and executive functions, while resistance training increases hippocampal volume, supporting spatial memory. High-intensity exercises boost BDNF levels, and moderate-intensity exercises reduce neurodegenerative biomarkers and improve ADL.

Conclusions
Moderate aerobic and combined exercises are effective in preventing and supporting AD therapy. Further research is needed to standardize exercise protocols and evaluate their long-term effects.