bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does Brand Awareness Mediate the Effect of Social Media Marketing on Purchase Intention?
Authors: PUTRA I Komang Mahayana , GEDE I Gusti Ketut , WIRGA I Wayan , SANJAYA Ida Bagus , YASA I Ketut 
Published: December 2023

Purpose:
This research examines the role of brand awareness in mediating the effect of social media marketing on purchase intention for MS Glow Men products. MS Glow Men is a skincare brand specifically for men and men made from natural ingredients, which is quite well known among men's skincare product users. Botanicals conducted this research in Denpasar City.
Methodology:
Research data was collected using an online questionnaire with a sample size of 100 respondents. The sample determination method uses a non-probability sampling method, namely purposive sampling. This research uses path analysis techniques.
Findings:
The research results show that social media marketing has a positive and significant effect on purchase intention; social media marketing has a positive and significant effect on brand awareness; brand awareness has a positive and significant effect on purchase intention; and brand awareness mediates the effect of social media marketing on purchase intention.
Implication:
The MS Glow Men company should increase interactive content on social media, create exciting campaigns, and focus more on introducing the advantages of its products compared to competitors.
Standard Manufacturing Process of Agnipaka Guduchi Taila: A Sneha Kalpna
Authors: Bala Anku , Devi Abha , Kotecha Mita , Chaudhary Krutika Suhas 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Nowadays, the use of herbal medicine is increasingly finding more relevance, especially when we are facing more challenges in the management of some chronic disease. The traditional herbal medical knowledge is scattered around the world at different levels and more in the indigenous people. The knowledge of traditional medicine is continuously being lost; hence, it needs scientific documentation of herbal medicine. The concept of Agnipaka is to enhance more potency in oil by Samskar and extract the fat-soluble active principle from drug to sneha.

Aim and Objective:
The objective of this study was to document step-by-step procedure of Agnipaka Guduchi Taila and to document preparation and pharmaceutical observations of Agnipaka Guduchi Taila using scientific methods.

Materials and Methods:

Agnipaka Guduchi taila was prepared using Chakrdutta Aaditypaka guduchi taila reference. It was a modified process of Aaditypaka guduchi taila.

Results:
The oil prepared from Agnipaka vidhi is light brown, odor is pleasant, and having greasy consistency.

Conclusion:
The current study reflects standardization and it was an attempt to describing standard procedure where Aaditypaka guduchi taila is modified as Agnipaka guduchi taila.
Knowledge, attitude and practices about hypertension amongst adult residents in South-Eastern Nigeria
Authors: Awugosi Michael Chukwuebuka , Obi-Nwosu Amaka Lovelyn , Edeh Gabriel Chidera , Ekwebene Onyeka Chukwudalu , Abalihe Uchenna Onyedika , Anigwe Francis Chibuike , Chiekezie Chinonuju Franklin 
Published: December 2023

Background:
Hypertension (HTN) is a global public health concern and has been identified as the leading risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study is to assess the prevalence, knowledge, attitude and practices regarding HTN amongst adult residents in South-Eastern Nigeria.

Aims:
The objective of this study is to assess the prevalence, knowledge, attitude and practices regarding HTN amongst adult residents in South Eastern Nigeria.

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional survey was conducted amongst male and female adult residents of Anaocha local government area, Anambra State, South-Eastern Nigeria, 18 years and above. Data was collected using a pretested interviewer-administered questionnaire amongst 296 adults. Blood pressures and the body mass index of those found to be hypertensive were obtained. Results were analyzed using SPSS version 25.0.

Results:
The mean age was 41.7 years, with 55.1% being females and 44.9% males. The prevalence of HTN was 30%. Overall, 53.28% of the respondents had good knowledge of HTN, although knowledge of the risk factors was lower (43.41%), while 80.24% had good attitude and 62.16% had good practices regarding HTN. Gender showed a significant association with level of knowledge of HTN. Only tribe and occupation were associated with attitude of the respondents towards HTN. Practice regarding HTN showed no association with any of the socio-demographic factors.

Conclusion:
The study found an acceptable level of knowledge, attitude and practices regarding HTN amongst the respondents. The prevalence of HTN amongst the study group was high and more work needs to be done to improve awareness and reduce HTN risk factors amongst the people.
Comparing Pain Intensity of Two Instruments in Predicting the Outcomes of Patients Under Mechanical Ventilation Admitted to Intensive Care Units
Authors: Bahramnezhad Fatemeh , Salamat Elaheh , Sharifi Farshad , Hasanloie Mohammad Amin Valizade 
Published: December 2023

Introduction and Purpose:
Pain assessment in the intensive care unit (ICU) is a main problem in mechanically ventilated patients (MVPs) as they are not able to self-report pain, hence exposing them to the risk of inadequate pain management that leads to unfavorable consequences. This research aimed to determine and compare pain intensity scores of two scales in predicting the hospitalization consequences of MVPs in ICUs.

Methods:
The analytical-longitudinal study was carried out in ICUs in 2020. Pain intensity was evaluated using observational pain scales in 60 patients who met inclusion criteria in three positions during suctioning once daily for 3 days.

Results:
There were significant inverse correlations between the Behavioral Pain Scale (BPS) and Critical Care Pain Observational Tool (CPOT) with the duration of hospitalization and mechanical ventilation. No significant relationships were observed between total mean scores obtained from the scales and the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia. There were no significant correlations between BPS and CPOT with frequencies and total dose of the prescribed opioid drug.

Conclusion:
The use of BPS and CPOT can be used for pain assessment and control in MVPs as a positive step towards improving their consequences.
Prevalence of Multimorbidity and Associated Sociodemographic Factors among Elderly Population in a Rural Area in South Kerala
Authors: Pillai Rahul S. , Paul N Sherin Susan , Davis G. Deepak , Dev Sahya S. 
Published: December 2023

Background:
Multimorbidity is defined as the coexistence of two or more chronic health conditions in the same individual. It is associated with an increased number of hospital visits, polypharmacy, adverse drug events, increased treatment costs, increased burden on the families, poor functional status, poor quality of life, and an increased risk of death.

Objective:
The objective of the study is to determine the prevalence of multimorbidity and associated sociodemographic factors among elderly population in a rural area in south Kerala.

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted among elderly population residing in the field practice area of a rural health training center of a medical college in South Kerala for a duration of 3 months from October 2019 to December 2019. Data were collected by interview of the subjects by the investigator. Charlson comorbidity index was used to assess the morbidity status of the subjects.

Results:
The self-reported prevalence of multimorbidity among the study participants was 86.4% (95% confidence interval: 82.5–90.3). In this, 42.8% had mild, 22.4% had severe, and 21.4% had moderate multimorbidity. Hypertension was the most common (53.1%) morbidity among the participants, followed by rheumatic diseases (42.7%) and diabetes mellitus (41%). Multimorbidity among the study participants was found to be significantly associated with their age, occupation status, and smoking habit among them.

Conclusion:
Multimorbidity among elderly population deserves much more attention than it has at present, and hence, there is an urgent need to focus on it with emphasis on the need to strengthen the health-care facilities for them, with respect to early identification and holistic management of their morbidities under one roof.
Cervical Angina as a Neglected Symptom of Cervical Spine Pathologies: Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Kurhade Varsha , Bawage Rupali Vaijnath , Bangar Kashinath A , Page Nivedita , Bangar Gayatri , Baheti Sandip 
Published: December 2023

Objective:
The objective is to assess the incidence of cervical angina as presentation of cervical spine pathologies.

Materials and Methods:
Data were collected retrospectively from patients’ medical records from January 2018 to December 2022 who presented to our pain clinic with chest pain, neck pain, upper extremity pain and tingling numbness. A total of 168 patients with cervical spine pathologies were identified. Those having chest pains were analyzed subsequently treated with pharmacotherapy, intramuscular stimulation (IMS). Cervical epidural adhesiolysis was performed depending on spine pathology based on clinical picture, severity of symptoms and radiological findings.

Results:
Among 168 patients 25 had chest pain. Out of 25 patients, 18 (72%) had chest pain as presenting symptom and 7 (28%) patients had associated chest pain. All 25 patients had cervical radiculopathy with or without nerve compression. Nerve root involved were C4 in 4 patients, C5 in 16 patients, C6 in 22 patients, and C7 in 8 patients, commonly involved were C5 and C6 with C4-C5 and C5-C6 prolapsed intervertebral disc. Thirteen patients (52%) were treated with pharmacotherapy and physiotherapy; seven (28%) patients had 2–3 sessions of IMS with pharmacotherapy. Five patients (20%) had undergone cervical epidural adhesiolysis, where conservative management failed.

Conclusions:
Even though cervical angina is an underdiagnosed disease, pain physicians and spine surgeons should be familiar with it for diagnosis and treatment. Cervical angina is associated with broad range of cervical spinal pathologies; the most common is cervical disc herniation. It can be easily diagnosed with high level of suspicion and treated with pharmacotherapy, IMS, and cervical epidural adhesiolysis.
Impact of Laptop Usage, Typing Skills, and Ergonomics on Musculoskeletal Pain among Medical Resident Doctors – An Observational Study
Authors: Goyal Sonal , Gupta Bhavna 
Published: December 2023

Background:
In today’s era of digital learning, the utility of laptops has drastically been increased. Sustained postural strain resulting from poor ergonomics while using laptops may lead to musculoskeletal discomforts (MSD). This study aimed to determine touch-typing skills of medical students, quantitative assessment of their postural ergonomics, and implications of their efforts while typing on the prevalence of MSD.

Methods:
Sixty medical students were asked to take an online typing test (www.ratatype.com) and their typing speed in words per minute (WPM) and accuracy (%) were noted. The lateral pictures of the students were taken while performing the typing test and objective ergonomics analysis using craniovertebral angle (CVA) and rapid upper limb assessment (RULA) scoring system.

Results:
None of the students demonstrated touch typing proficiency. The average typing speed (WPM) and accuracy (%) were observed to be 27.893 and 94.768, respectively. The mean CVA was 33.17, much lower than the average norm. The mean final RULA score was 5.62, indicating a high degree of MSD risk. Moderate-to-severe laptop users (≥4 h/day) showed higher prevalence of MSDs (P < 0.05) as compared to normal-to-mild users. A significant negative correlation was found between CVA and RULA scores.

Conclusion:
The study concluded average typing speed and accuracy, poor ergonomics (low CVA), and moderate-to-high MSD risk (based on RULA score) were seen among students. A high MSD prevalence was reported in laptop usage of ≥ 4 h/day, which can be ascribed to postural strain from improper typing habits and poor ergonomics.
A new perspective on partial nail avulsion: Surgical pearl
Authors: Bhingradia Yogesh M , Shukla Ratnakar K 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Ingrown nail or onychocryptosis is a common and prevalent condition associated with pain and discomfort resulting from recurrent inflammation. It is further categorized into 3 grades on the basis of severity as per classification by Heifetz and Mogensen, grade 1 can be easily managed with medical treatment; whereas grades 2 and 3 often requires surgical treatment; the most common surgical technique employed for ingrown nail is the simple nail avulsion by using a nail clipper. we have observed that due to the force of the nail clipper small amount of detachment in between nail plate and nail bed in addition to longer downtime post-procedure, so we proposed a new surgical modification of nail avulsion by using 11 no. surgical blade instead of nail clippers leading to very less trauma to nail bed and fine post-procedure outcomes.
Follicular unit extraction as a treatment modality for stable segmental inguinoscrotal vitiligo: A case report
Authors: Bhingradia Yogesh M , Maniya Surbhi G 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Vitiligo is a common form of autoimmune, localized, or generalized cutaneous depigmentary disorder which has a detrimental effect on psychological and also psychosexual function of many individuals. It is an acquired condition resulting from the progressive loss of melanocytes. Here, we report a case of stable segmental vitiligo affecting inguinoscrotal region, which was successfully treated by follicular unit extraction (FUE).
Disposable barrel used for easy and fast toe space examination
Authors: Mukhtar Muhammed , Khan Bushra , Mukhtar Nadia 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Chronic candidiasis with bacterial infection is common infection in the toe web which is is not inspected and treated well in early stage, and it is now the cause of cellulitis in the leg in a number of cases. To examine the narrow space of the toe web and to treat and to reduce the complication, we described the use a disposable syringe barrel.
Immunolocalization of epithelial cell adhesion molecule and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in oral epithelial dysplasia and oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Maurya Shashi Bhal , Shetty Devi Charan , Rathore Ajit Singh , Juneja Saurabh , Jain Anshi , Banga Akanksha 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Cancers are complex tissues composed of multiple distinct cell types that participate in heterotypic interactions with one another. Physiologically cell-to-cell contacts formed by dense populations of normal cells operate to suppress further cell proliferation.

Objectives:
The objective of the study is to evaluate and compare the immunoexpression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) in oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and to hypothesize their role in the progression in varying grades of these lesions.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 60 samples comprising of 30 cases each of OED and OSCC. Three micrometers thin sections were taken and subjected for hematoxylin and eosin stain and immunohistochemical procedure. The sections were incubated with monoclonal anti-EpCAM anti-MMP-9 antibody. The data were analyzed using SPSS software version 19.

Results:
The results of the study show EpCAM immunoexpression decreased in OSCC when compared to OED. MMP-9 immunoexpression increased in OSCC when compared to OED (statistically significant, P ≤ 0.05).

Conclusion:
Correlation between EpCAM and MMP-9 may help to unravel the signaling cascades involved in the carcinomatous changes, tumor cell invasion, and progression of OSCCs.
Metaplastic breast carcinoma with mesenchymal differentiation: A case series
Authors: Rani Ekta , Nibhoria Sarita , Shilpa  
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
The metaplastic breast carcinoma is a rare malignancy with an incidence of 5% of all breast tumors. Metaplastic carcinoma of the breast with mesenchymal differentiation (MCMD), previously known as carcinosarcoma, is a very rare and aggressive tumor that has been recently classified as a subtype of metaplastic breast carcinoma. It accounts for 0.08%–0.2% of all breast cancers, with only a few cases reported in the literature. Metaplastic breast carcinoma most often affects women over 50 years of age, with an average age between 55 and 60 years. We report three cases of metaplastic breast carcinoma with mesenchymal differentiation presented at our hospital. Patients were in their 4th decade. All patients presented with a fast-growing large mass and were treated surgically (mastectomy), with the final histopathological diagnosis of MCMD.
The effectiveness of adjuvant treatment approaches for resectable esophageal cancer: A single-center experience
Authors: Algin Efnan , Esen Selin Akturk , Acikgoz Yusuf , Bal Oznur 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Aims and Background:
In general, neoadjuvant treatment is the standard for clinical stage II/III esophageal cancer (EC), whereas the effect of adjuvant treatment on survival still remains controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of adjuvant treatment modalities on the survival of EC patients.

Patients and Methods:
A total of 63 patients with stage II–IVA EC who had undergone curative surgery between the years 2002 and 2020 were included in the study. Patients’ data were retrospectively collected from oncologic follow-up files. Various treatment regimens were administered during this period, including chemotherapy and chemoradiotherapy.

Results:
The median age was 56 years (24–73), and the number of males was slightly higher than females (male/female: 33/30). While 32 (51%) patients received postoperative adjuvant treatment, the remaining 31 (49%) patients underwent surgery alone. The median overall survival (OS) was 45.9 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 25.1–66.8) in patients receiving adjuvant therapy and 37.6 months (95% CI: 20.9–54.4) in patients not receiving adjuvant therapy. The 8.3-month survival difference was statistically insignificant (P = 0.54). The 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS rates were 87.5% versus 77.4%, 58.4% versus 51.6%, and 40.8% versus 27.6% for patients with and without adjuvant therapy, respectively. Pathological stage (P = 0.028) and lymph node status (P = 0.044) were significant prognostic factors for survival.

Conclusions:
This study did not support the benefit of adjuvant treatment compared with surgery alone in completely resected EC patients. The reason for this result may be related to the small sample size and different treatment regimens due to the change in treatment options over time.
Dosimetric comparison of 3DCRT and IMRT in radical chemoradiotherapy of squamous cell carcinoma esophagus
Authors: Krishnapriya P , Sivanandan CD , Roshni S , Sarin B , Geethi MH , Jagathnath Krishna KM 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Radical chemoradiation is the standard of treatment for locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of esophagus and for patients with operable disease, but who are medically unfit or unwilling for surgery. As the esophagus is a central organ, the planning target volume (PTV) is central, lies close to the spinal cord and heart, and is surrounded by the lung, which is a radiosensitive organ. Irradiation of these critical structures is reduced by the use of three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT). Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) has the potential to improve the uniformity of dose distribution to the tumor and reduce the dose received by surrounding normal tissues.

Aim and Objectives:
1. To compare the dose distribution, conformity, and homogeneity indices in radical radiotherapy of squamous cell carcinoma of esophagus using 3DCRT and IMRT techniques 2. To compare the doses received by critical structures such as heart, lung, spinal cord, and liver

Materials and Methods:
All cases of squamous cell carcinoma esophagus treated with radical chemoradiation to a dose of 50 Gy in 25 fractions using 3DCRT technique from January 2018 to July 2019 were included. IMRT plans were generated for these cases.
The parameters that represent dose distribution to the target volume and the dose received by the organs at risk were obtained from the dose–volume histogram. The difference in the mean values of the parameters between the two techniques was calculated. The statistical significance of the difference was determined using Student’s t-test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test.

Results:
The volume of PTV receiving 105% and 107% of prescribed dose was significantly lower with IMRT (3.540% and 0.008%, respectively) compared to 3DCRT (7.654% and 0.623%). The homogeneity index was better with IMRT (0.088 vs. 0.107) than 3DCRT. Conformity index was found to be better with IMRT (1.149 vs. 1.573). Mean heart dose (18.216 vs. 24.591 Gy) and the volume of heart receiving 30 Gy were reduced with IMRT. The volume of lung receiving 20 Gy and the volume receiving 5 Gy were not significantly different between 3DCRT and IMRT. Maximum dose to spinal cord was similar with 3DCRT and IMRT.

Conclusions:
IMRT avoids areas of excessive irradiation within the PTV. IMRT improves dose conformity to the target volume and homogeneity of dose distribution within the PTV. The cardiac dose is significantly reduced with IMRT. The mean lung dose remains similar to 3DCRT. There is no significant increase in the volume of lung receiving low-dose radiation with IMRT.
Usefulness of walkathon in improving knowledge on cancer: A cross-sectional study with the participants
Authors: Rao Suresh , Rao Pratima , Shetty Rajesh , Kulal Yathish , Gatty Nitish Chandra , Prabhu Nagraj , Suresh Sucharitha , D’souza Rhea Katherine , Baliga Manjeshwar Shrinath 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Aim:
Globally, walkathon, a type of community event involving walking a determined distance to raise awareness and/or collect donations for a social cause is gaining a lot of public attention. This study was conducted to understand the usefulness of walkathon in creating cancer awareness among the participants.

Materials and Methods:
This was a pre- and post-test study and was carried out on World Cancer Day on February 4, 2019 in Mangalore, Karnataka, India. The study subjects were the walkathon participants willing to be volunteers for the study. Differences in the answers were calculated by ascertaining the difference between the pretest and posttest using McNemar, Chi-square, or Fisher’s exact test. A P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
Pretest scores indicated most volunteers were aware of the role of tobacco and alcohol in cancer, while most were unaware of the importance of fruits and consumption of vegetables and sedentary lifestyle in the development of cancer. Posttest showed a significant increase in knowledge gain (P = 0.003 to <0.001).

Conclusions:
For the first time, this study shows Walkathon to be helpful in improving cancer knowledge in the participants. Walkathon is an inexpensive and joyful way to educate people and warrants further study on a range of medical and social themes affecting society to establish its usefulness in public health education.
Mandibular metastasis of follicular thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Devi M. Gayathri , Regu P. , Bakyalakshmi K. 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
The orofacial region may be the first site for the dissemination of malignancies from the remote regions in the jawbones. The most common location of metastatic lesions in the jawbones is the mandible, with the molar region the most frequently involved site. Radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgical resection can be an approach in the treatment protocol depending upon patient age and growth of tumor mass. This case report presents a case of follicular variant thyroid carcinoma, infiltrative type, pT1bN0Mx with mandibular metastasis affecting both hard and soft tissue in a 55-year-old female.