bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dental problems associated with hypophosphataemic vitamin D resistant rickets
Authors: Goodman  , Gelbier  , Bennett  , Winter  
Published: March 2003

Objective. To review a series of cases of hypophosphataemic vitamin D resistant rickets. Subjects included: Seventeen cases, aged between 2 years 1 month and 15 years 9 months at first referral, and with an established diagnosis of vitamin D resistant rickets from twelve families were included in the review. Information was drawn from patient records for follow‐up periods between 9 months and 20 years 4 months. Setting. All subjects had been referred to the Eastman Dental Hospital between 1973 and 1997. Findings. Abscessed non‐carious primary and/or permanent teeth were a presenting feature in eleven of the seventeen cases. Although attrition and exposure of the abnormally formed dentine accounted for the route of infection in primary teeth, the route for microbial invasion of pulpal tissues in permanent teeth remained unexplained in a number of patients. The possible part played by infractures of the enamel as a portal of entry for infection is discussed. Enamel defects were observed in only six patients, in three of whom these changes were limited to the primary dentition. Taurodontism of permanent molar teeth was confirmed as a feature of the condition in the more severely affected male subjects.
Primary double teeth. A retrospective clinical study of their morphological characteristics and associated anomalies
Authors: Aguiló L. , Gandia J.L. , Cibrian R. , Catala M. 
Published: March 2003

Aim. To investigate the relationship between morphology and position of double teeth, and the occurrence of other dental anomalies in the same subjects and in their siblings. Sample of children and methods. Fifty‐three double teeth in a group of 50 Spanish children were included in the study. All of these children were examined clinically and had radiographs and photographs taken at the time of examination. Twenty‐two of the children had a total of 30 siblings who were also examined for the presence of anomalies. Results. Of the 50 subjects, 47 had one and three subjects had two double teeth. Statistically there were no significant differences in occurrence between boys and girls, left and right sides or between maxilla and mandible. Four morphological types were identified: type I, bifid crown–single root; type II, large crown–large root; type III, two fused crowns–single root; type IV, two fused crowns–two fused roots. Type I was seen only in the maxilla and types II and III only in the mandible. Type IV was seen mostly in the maxilla. More than half of the cases showed associated anomalies in the permanent dentition and anomalies of number or shape were also present in six of the siblings. Conclusion. It is suggested that both double teeth and other anomalies in the same children or in their siblings may be manifestations of a primary abnormality in the distribution of dental material.
The effect of wavelength, bandwidth, and probe design and position on assessing the vitality of anterior teeth with laser Doppler flowmetry
Authors: Roebuck E.M. , Evans D.J.P. , Stirrups D. , Strang R. 
Published: March 2003

Objectives. To investigate the effect of four variables: wavelength (633 nm and 780 nm), bandwidth filter (3 kHz, 15 kHz, 22 kHz), probe fibre separation (250 μm and 500 μm) and distance of the probe from the gingival margin (2–3 mm and 4–5 mm) when assessing the vitality of anterior teeth with a laser Doppler flowmetry system. Design. Split‐mouth cohort clinical trial. Setting. Childrens dental clinic, Glasgow Dental Hospital and School. Sample and methods. Sample included 11 non‐vital maxillary incisors with necrotic pulps in 10 patients (mean age 12·25 years old). Recordings were taken from the non‐vital tooth and from a vital maxillary incisor from the same patient, using all 24 combinations of the recording variables listed above. The vital/non‐vital ratios of the signals from the 11 pairs of teeth were calculated and discriminant analysis applied to the data. Results. Of the variables investigated, the combination of a 633 nm laser source with a 3 kHz bandwidth filter using a probe with a 500 μm fibre separation placed 2–3 mm from the gingival margin was the most reliable, with 10 out of a possible 11 true positives for pulpal necrosis, no false positives and one equivocal diagnosis, and was the only combination that recorded a smaller blood flow from the non‐vital tooth compared with the vital control tooth for all 11 pairs of teeth investigated. Conclusions. It was concluded, therefore, that laser Doppler flowmetry can be of use in assessing the vitality of anterior teeth and that this is the preferred combination of recording variables for further investigations.
Intranasal tooth as a complication of cleft lip and alveolus in a four year old child: case report and literature review
Authors: Gupta Y.K. , Shah N. 
Published: March 2003

Ectopic position of teeth is not rare. The presence of teeth have been reported in ovaries, testes, anterior mediastinum, and pre‐sacral regions. In the maxillo‐facial region, teeth have been found in maxillary sinus, mandibular condyle, coronoid process, chin, nose, and even orbit. Approximately 50 cases of a tooth in the nasal cavity have been reported in literature. However, an intranasal tooth in cases of cleft lip and palate is comparatively rare.Intranasal teeth can cause problems such as nasal obstruction, chronic rhinorrhea and speech problems. Sometimes however, they are totally symptom‐free.We present here an interesting case of an intranasal tooth in a four year‐old‐boy, who was operated on for cleft lip and alveolus at 6 months of age. The intranasal tooth did not cause any symptoms. The tooth was extracted under general anaesthesia when it was found to be very loosely attached to the nasal mucosa. The case is discussed in the light of relevant literature on intranasal teeth in cases of cleft lip and palate.
Caries prevalence in Belgian children: a review
Authors: Vanobbergen J. , Martens L. , Declerk D. 
Published: March 2003

A review of epidemiological surveys on dental caries prevalence, published between 1980 and 1999 in Belgian children, was compiled through a literature search. The number of studies performed in Belgium to date is limited. Methodological differences and confounding factors, especially socio‐demographic influences, limit national comparisons of caries prevalence data.Although exact comparisons are difficult, data suggests a decline in caries prevalence in 5, 7 and 12 year‐old Belgian schoolchildren in the last 20 years. In the primary dentition dmft values have decreased from 2·66 (1981) to 1·38 (1994) in 5‐year‐olds and from 4·1 (1983) to 2·24 (1996) in 7‐year‐olds. In 12‐year‐olds DMFT values in the permanent dentition have decreased from 3·9 (1983) to 1·93 (1994). WHO goals for the year 2000 appear to have been already reached in Flanders, with a recent estimate of 1·93 for DMFT in 12‐year‐olds and 56% of children being recorded as caries free at the age of 5.Continuing efforts are needed to screen the oral health of different age groups but standardised criteria and sampling procedures should be used if benefits are to be gained from national and international comparison. Data has often been limited to small selected areas and information representing the entire community of Flanders or Wallonia would be of particular value.
The prevalence and severity of dental fluorosis among 12‐year‐old schoolchildren in Jordan
Authors: Hamdan M. A. M. 
Published: March 2003

Summary. Objectives. To assess dental fluorosis, provide base‐line data among Jordanian children and to compare fluorosis in incisor teeth between areas with different fluoride levels.Design. Cross‐sectional study among school children.Sample and methods. A sample of 1878 subjects aged 12 years, 940 boys and 938 girls, were randomly selected from 128 schools in urban (69 schools) and rural (59 schools) areas. The Thylstrup & Fejerskov (TF) index was used to record the dental fluorosis on the labial surfaces of incisors.Results. A total of 18·5% of the children examined showed dental fluorosis. The difference in fluorosis between males (17%) and females (20%) was not statistically significant (P > 0·05). Children in rural areas had a higher prevalence of fluorosis (31·8%) than their counterparts in urban areas (11·3%), a difference that was statistically significant (P < 0·01).Conclusions and recommendations. Findings suggest that there is a need for continued monitoring of mottling and further investigation into the fluoride intake from all sources in Jordan. However, there is a need to change the drinking water supplies in the southern region of Jordan. Active steps should also be taken to suppress emissions of vapours high in fluoride from phosphate plants to within acceptable limits.
Planning and managing research into day‐surgery for cataract
Authors: Rose Karen , Waterman Heather , McLeod David , Tullo Andrew 
Published: March 2003

Planning and managing research into day surgery for cataract Between 1995 and 1997, a randomized controlled study, funded by the Department of Health, was carried out into the management of patients with cataract attending a peripheral ophthalmic clinic and who had been assessed as suitable for day‐surgery. The research took place in a clinical setting and it was accepted from the outset that, while such studies have the power to give information about the real clinical world, this also means that the research is potentially at the mercy of events within that world. The purpose of this paper is to report how the study was set up and integrated into the clinic. First, a literature review was undertaken in order to focus the aims of the study more clearly. Second, drawing on principles of action research, clinical and research staff worked together to implement the study. This strategy allowed a flexible approach to the research which enabled problems to be handled as they arose.
The clinical role of the nurse teacher: a conceptual framework
Authors: Clifford Collette 
Published: March 2003

The clinical role of the nurse teacher: a conceptual framework A small scale qualitative study explored the clinical role of the nurse teacher and concluded by proposing a conceptual framework that seeks to illustrate how nurse teachers manage the clinical aspect of their work. Three conceptual categories (role clarity, fitting in and role justification) are proposed as a means of describing how the respondents approached their clinical role.
Health characteristics of elderly personal care home residents
Authors: Quinn Mary Ellen , Johnson Mary Ann , Andress Elizabeth L. , McGinnis Patricia , Ramesh Meera 
Published: March 2003

Health characteristics of elderly personal care home care residents The purpose of this descriptive study was to explore the health characteristics of elderly personal care home residents. Personal care homes are community‐based facilities that provide living arrangements, assistance with basic needs and protective oversight. Personal care home providers were interviewed regarding the health status of 80 elderly residents. The most frequent ADL needs were bathing, personal hygiene and dressing. Thirty‐seven per cent of the residents had some bladder incontinence. Eighty‐two per cent of residents needed some help with medication management. Over half of the residents had some cognitive impairment. These findings support the proposition of increased prevalence of cognitive impairment in personal care home residents as compared to the first studies a decade ago. The combination of functional deficits and cognitive impairment indicates that these elderly residents may have unmet health needs. The role of the registered nurse in this environment is discussed.
The effect of foot massage on patients’ perception of care following laparoscopic sterilization as day case patients
Authors: Hulme  , Waterman  , Hillier  
Published: March 2003

The effect of foot massage on patients’ perception of care following laparoscopic sterilization as day case patients This randomized‐controlled study examined the effects of foot massage on patients’ perception of care received following surgery. The sample of 59 women who underwent laparoscopic sterilization as day case patients were randomly allocated into two groups. The experimental group received a foot massage and analgesia post‐operatively, whilst the control group received only analgesia post‐operatively. Each participant was asked to complete a questionnaire on the day following surgery. This examined satisfaction, memory and analgesia taken. The 76% response rate was comparable with other patient satisfaction studies following day‐case surgery. Statistical analysis showed no overall significant difference in the pain experienced by the two groups; however, the mean pain scores recorded following surgery showed a significantly different pattern over time, such that the experimental group consistently reported less pain following a foot massage than the control group. This study has attempted to explore the use of foot massage in a systematic way and is therefore a basis for further study.
Depot neuroleptics, schizophrenia and the role of the nurse: is practice evidence based? A review of the literature
Authors: Marland Glenn R. , Sharkey Val 
Published: March 2003

Depot neuroleptics, schizophrenia and the role of the nurse: is practice evidence based? A review of the literature Nurses are expected to justify their practice with research based evidence. Community psychiatric nurses (CPNs) are under pressure to concentrate more on the ‘seriously mentally ill’, particularly those with a diagnosis of schizophrenia. Neuroleptic medicines are a recommended therapy in schizophrenia. The administration and monitoring of these drugs is a central part of the CPN’s role. The CPN also often assumes an important position as patient advocate in relation to prescribing practices. Neuroleptics are commonly given in depot form to promote compliance, prevent relapse and be of benefit to the patient. This literature review considers the research evidence that these aims are achieved through current practice and reflects on the implications for nursing. In the absence of definitive research work, it may be that important decisions are based on received wisdom rather than research evidence. Whilst the data supporting the use of depots are inconclusive, there is an increasing body of knowledge demonstrating the efficacy of nursing approaches to drug therapy which seek to empower the patient.
Transitions in the lives of elderly women who have sustained hip fractures
Authors: Robinson Sherry Beth 
Published: March 2003

Transitions in the lives of elderly women who have sustained hip fractures Hip fractures represent a major health problem within the older population, especially for elderly, white women. As the older woman transitions through the recovery process following hip fracture, her ability to meet basic needs, fulfil usual roles, and maintain well‐being is threatened. Despite the rehabilitation provided to these women, studies suggest that hip fractures frequently result in permanent decline in functional status. Little is known about what characterizes those few elderly women who do recover to their previous level of functioning. In this context, a study was designed to identify factors which promote function and enable a successful transition following hip fracture. A total of 15 women ranging in age from 72 to 82, who had returned home alone following care in a Midwestern subacute unit, participated in three focus groups. The data were analysed using the grounded theory method. The findings revealed that the women were confronted with an array of problems, which were labelled function‐inhibiting factors. To overcome these problems, the women mobilized their adaptive approaches to life. In addition, they identified various interdisciplinary interventions, labelled function‐promoting factors, which helped to provide a successful transition. From these findings, a programme of interdisciplinary interventions was identified which could be implemented in subacute units and tested to establish its effectiveness in promoting a successful transition following hip fracture.
Best hope or last hope: access to phase III clinical trials of HER‐2/neu for advanced stage breast cancer patients
Authors: Strauss Beth 
Published: March 2003

Best hope or last hope: access to phase III clinical trials of HER‐2/neu for advanced stage breast cancer patients Breast cancer is a major public health problem, with a 12% incidence among women. The over‐expression of the proto‐oncogene HER‐2/neu is associated with 30% of breast and ovarian cancers that are very aggressive and do not respond to standard therapeutic regimens. Entrance into clinical trials can represent the best hope and even the last hope for these patients. Entrance, however, is based on satisfying eligibility criteria. In examining advanced stage breast cancer patients’ access to phase III clinical trials for HER‐2/neu, two specific arguments regarding eligibility will be addressed. First, if research is to provide the utilitarian goal of the ‘greatest good to the greatest number’, delineation of the population receiving the ‘good’, rather than a homogeneous sub‐set of this population, must be addressed, along with patients’ values and goals, very relevant to determining a ‘good life’, how to achieve it, and whether a treatment is a part of that process. Second, the ‘good’ being generated should involve realistic, practical values of quality ways of living with advanced breast cancer and not just increased survival, or cure. Arguments for relaxing criteria are based on an accurate versus over‐simplified interpretation of utilitarian principles and concepts of human flourishing. Only through addressing these issues can the true ‘good’ of clinical trials and research be given to the greatest number of people.
A response to Dawson’s critical analysis of ‘spirituality as “integrative energy”’
Authors: Goddard Nancy C. 
Published: March 2003

A response to Dawson’s critical analysis of ‘spirituality as “integrative energy”’ Dawson’s reply to ‘spirituality as integrative energy’, particularly his objection to the appropriation of energy as a conceptual descriptor, demonstrates a woefully inaccurate and grossly misleading interpretation of my work. The purpose of this response is to challenge Dawson’s assertion that such reformulation effectively strips spirituality of its historical meaning and to provide evidence of its appropriateness. I briefly consider the precepts underlying holism as a moral imperative for professional nursing, the traditional role of spirituality in health and illness, the rise of medical science and its eventual disjunction from metaphysics, and the his torical evolution of nursing. I also comment on the privileged nature of the nurse–client relationship and the social and moral obligation of nurses to engage in holistic practice. Finally, I suggest that the reconceptualization of spirituality as ‘integrative energy’ represents its dynamic, unifying nature and reassert my contention that ‘integrative energy’ is an entirely appropriate and eminently suitable definition of spirituality.
Neurological rehabilitation nursing: a review of the research
Authors: Thorn Sylvie 
Published: March 2003

Neurological rehabilitation nursing: a review of the literature Neurological rehabilitation is increasingly seen as a specialist form of rehabilitation requiring specialist nursing knowledge. However, as in many areas of nursing, nurses in this field recognize that there is a need to increase their knowledge base to ensure that they provide the best and most up‐to‐date quality care for their patients and their families. To achieve high levels of competence, neurological rehabilitation nurses need to be aware of the existing body of research in this field so that they can make sound decisions regarding their practice and future research endeavours. This review aims to validate the existing knowledge base in this area by identifying and critically analysing research conducted in the area of neurological rehabilitation nursing during the decade 1988–1998 and by identifying any gaps and weaknesses that may be addressed by future research. Studies were included in the review if they examined an aspect of rehabilitation nursing, were concerned predominately with the neurological patient and were conducted in an in‐patient setting. Research with a medical focus was not included and only research published in English was reviewed. Relevant research located examined the following areas: (1) the role of the rehabilitation nurse; (2) specific problems concerning the neurological rehabilitation patient; (3) specific nursing interventions; (4) rehabilitation nursing practice; (5) the delivery of rehabilitation programmes and team working; and (6) the family of the rehabilitation patient. The review concludes that research in this speciality remains limited both in quantity and quality. Most of the studies lack rigour and, because they were conducted at a single site, their generalizability to other clinical sites may be limited.
Understanding the nature of errors in nursing: using a model to analyse critical incident reports of errors which had resulted in an adverse or potentially adverse event
Authors: Meurier  
Published: March 2003

Understanding the nature of errors in nursing: using a model to analyse critical incident reports of errors which had resulted in an adverse or potentially adverse event Human errors are common in clinical practice, but they are under‐reported. As a result, very little is known of the types, antecedents and consequences of errors in nursing practice. This limits the potential to learn from errors and to make improvement in the quality and safety of nursing care. The aim of this study was to use an Organizational Accident Model to analyse critical incidents of errors in nursing. Twenty registered nurses were invited to produce a critical incident report of an error (which had led to an adverse event or potentially could have led to an adverse event) they had made in their professional practice and to write down their responses to the error using a structured format. Using Reason’s Organizational Accident Model, supplemental information was then collected from five of the participants by means of an individual in‐depth interview to explore further issues relating to the incidents they had reported. The detailed analysis of one of the incidents is discussed in this paper, demonstrating the effectiveness of this approach in providing insight into the chain of events which may lead to an adverse event. The case study approach using critical incidents of clinical errors was shown to provide relevant information regarding the interaction of organizational factors, local circumstances and active failures (errors) in producing an adverse or potentially adverse event. It is suggested that more use should be made of this approach to understand how errors are made in practice and to take appropriate preventative measures.