bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential of Equine Herpesvirus 1 as a Vector for Immunization
Authors: Trapp Sascha , von Einem Jens , Hofmann Helga , Köstler Josef , Wild Jens , Wagner Ralf , Beer Martin , Osterrieder Nikolaus 
Published: April 2005

ABSTRACT

Key problems using viral vectors for vaccination and gene therapy are antivector immunity, low transduction efficiencies, acute toxicity, and limited capacity to package foreign genetic information. It could be demonstrated that animal and human cells were efficiently transduced with equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) reconstituted from viral DNA maintained and manipulated in
Escherichia coli
. Between 13 and 23% of primary human CD3
+
, CD4
+
, CD8
+
, CD11b
+
, and CD19
+
cells and more than 70% of CD4
+
MT4 cells or various human tumor cell lines (MeWo, Huh7, HeLa, 293T, or H1299) could be transduced with one infectious unit of EHV-1 per cell. After intranasal instillation of EHV-1 into mice, efficient transgene expression in lungs was detectable. Successful immunization using EHV-1 was shown after delivery of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Pr55

gag

precursor by the induction of a Gag-specific CD8
+
immune response in mice. Because EHV-1 was not neutralized by human sera containing high titers of antibodies directed against human herpesviruses 1 to 5, it is concluded that this animal herpesvirus has enormous potential as a vaccine vector, because it is able to efficiently transduce a variety of animal and human cells, has high DNA packaging capacity, and can conveniently be maintained and manipulated in prokaryotic cells.
Regression of Epstein-Barr Virus-Induced B-Cell Transformation In Vitro Involves Virus-Specific CD8+T Cells as the Principal Effectors and a Novel CD4+T-Cell Reactivity
Authors: Gudgeon Nancy H. , Taylor Graham S. , Long Heather M. , Haigh Tracey A. , Rickinson Alan B. 
Published: April 2005

ABSTRACTT-cell memory to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was first demonstrated through regression of EBV-induced B-cell transformation to lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) in virus-infected peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cultures. Here, using donors with virus-specific T-cell memory to well-defined CD4 and CD8 epitopes, we reexamine recent reports that the effector cells mediating regression are EBV latent antigen-specific CD4+and not, as previously assumed, CD8+T cells. In regressing cultures, we find that the reversal of CD23+B-cell proliferation was always coincident with an expansion of latent epitope-specific CD8+, but not CD4+, T cells; furthermore CD8+T-cell clones derived from regressing cultures were epitope specific and reproduced regression when cocultivated with EBV-infected autologous B cells. In cultures of CD4-depleted PBMCs, there was less efficient expansion of these epitope-specific CD8+T cells and correspondingly weaker regression. The data are consistent with an effector role for epitope-specific CD8+T cells in regression and an auxiliary role for CD4+T cells in expanding the CD8 response. However, we also occasionally observed late regression in CD8-depleted PBMC cultures, though again without any detectable expansion of preexisting epitope-specific CD4+T-cell memory. CD4+T-cell clones derived from such cultures were LCL specific in gamma interferon release assays but did not recognize any known EBV latent cycle protein or derived peptide. A subset of these clones was also cytolytic and could block LCL outgrowth. These novel effectors, whose antigen specificity remains to be determined, may also play a role in limiting virus-induced B-cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo.
H-2 Kd-Restricted Hepatitis B Virus-Derived Epitope Whose Specific CD8+T Lymphocytes Can Produce Gamma Interferon without Cytotoxicity
Authors: Chen An , Wang Li , Zhang Jingbo , Zou Liyun , Jia Zhengcai , Zhou Wei , Wan Ying , Wu Yuzhang 
Published: April 2005

ABSTRACTIt is necessary to evaluate the cytokine secretion status of CD8+T lymphocytes and elucidate the factors influencing cytokine secretion, because the secretion of cytokines is also an important feature of CD8+T lymphocytes, and the cytokines usually play critical roles in the outcome of diseases. We showed here that peptide AYRPPNAPI, derived from the core antigen of hepatitis B virus (HBV), could bind to H-2 Kdand induce primed splenocytes from HBcAg expression plasmid-immunized mice to produce gamma interferon (IFN-γ) in H-2 Kd- and CD8-dependent manners instead of in a CD4-dependent manner. The induced cells were mainly CD3 and CD8 positive but had no cytotoxic effect on the corresponding target cells. When administered into HBV transgenic mice, these cells can decrease the serum HBV load without causing liver damage. These results suggest that this peptide is a special kind of CD8+T-cell epitope, for which specific CD8+T cells can produce IFN-γ when antigenic stimulation is encountered but which have no cytotoxic effect on the corresponding target cells both in vitro and in HBV transgenic mice. This phenomenon indicates initially that the functional mechanisms of CD8+T cells can be determined by their epitope specificity, which may be associated with the development of epitope-based immunotherapeutic approaches for infectious diseases and tumors.
Synthesis, Assembly, and Processing of the Env ERVWE1/Syncytin Human Endogenous Retroviral Envelope
Authors: Cheynet V. , Ruggieri A. , Oriol G. , Blond J.-L. , Boson B. , Vachot L. , Verrier B. , Cosset F.-L. , Mallet F. 
Published: April 2005

ABSTRACT
Syncytin is a fusogenic protein involved in the formation of the placental syncytiotrophoblast layer. This protein is encoded by the envelope gene of the ERVWE1 proviral locus belonging to the human endogenous retrovirus W (HERV-W) family. The HERV-W infectious ancestor entered the primate lineage 25 to 40 million years ago. Although the syncytin fusion property has been clearly demonstrated, little is known about this cellular protein maturation process with respect to classical infectious retrovirus envelope proteins. Here we show that the cellular syncytin protein is synthesized as a glycosylated gPr73 precursor cleaved into two mature proteins, a gp50 surface subunit (SU) and a gp24 transmembrane subunit (TM). These SU and TM subunits are found associated as homotrimers. The intracytoplasmic tail is critical to the fusogenic phenotype, although its cleavage requirements seem to have diverged from those of classical retroviral maturation.
Identification of Functional Domains in Kaposica, the Complement Control Protein Homolog of Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus (Human Herpesvirus 8)
Authors: Mullick Jayati , Singh Akhilesh K. , Panse Yogesh , Yadav Vivekanand , Bernet John , Sahu Arvind 
Published: April 2005

ABSTRACTRecently it has been shown that kaposica, an immune evasion protein of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, inactivates complement by acting on C3-convertases by accelerating their decay as well as by acting as a cofactor in factor I-mediated inactivation of their subunits C3b and C4b. Here, we have mapped the functional domains of kaposica. We show that SCRs 1 and 2 (SCRs 1-2) and 1-4 are essential for the classical and alternative pathway C3-convertase decay-accelerating activity (DAA), respectively, while the SCRs 2-3 are required for factor I cofactor activity (CFA) for C3b and C4b. SCR 3 and SCRs 1 and 4, however, contribute to optimal classical pathway DAA and C3b CFA, respectively. Binding data show that SCRs 1-4 and SCRs 1-2 are the smallest structural units required for measuring detectable binding to C3b and C4b, respectively. The heparin-binding site maps to SCR 1.
100-Year Return Value Estimates for Ocean Wind Speed and Significant Wave Height from the ERA-40 Data
Authors: Caires S. , Sterl A. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractIn this article global estimates of 100-yr return values of wind speed and significant wave height are presented. These estimates are based on the ECMWF 40-yr Re-Analysis (ERA-40) data and are linearly corrected using estimates based on buoy data. This correction is supported by global Topographic Ocean Experiment (TOPEX) altimeter data estimates. The calculation of return values is based on the peaks-over-threshold method. The large amount of data used in this study provides evidence that the distributions of significant wave height and wind speed data belong to the domain of attraction of the exponential. Further, the effect of the space and time variability of significant wave height and wind speed on the prediction of their extreme values is assessed. This is done by performing detailed global extreme value analyses using different decadal subperiods of the 45-yr-long ERA-40 dataset.
Regional and Diurnal Variability of the Vertical Structure of Precipitation Systems in Africa Based on Spaceborne Radar Data
Authors: Geerts Bart , Dejene Teferi 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) 2A25 radar reflectivity profiles and derived surface rain rates are used to describe the vertical structure of precipitation systems in Africa. Five years of data are used in both the boreal and austral summer rainy seasons. A number of climate regions are isolated and compared. To place the composite reflectivity profiles in context, they are contrasted against TRMM 2A25 observations over the Amazon.
In all of tropical Africa, precipitation systems tend to be deeper and more intense than in the Amazon, and shallow warm-rain events are less common. In all African regions, but especially in the Sahel and northern Savanna, storms are characterized by high echo tops, high hydrometeor loading aloft, little indication of a radar brightband maximum at the freezing level, and evidence for low-level evaporation.
Storms in Africa are generally most common, and deepest, in the late afternoon, and weaker shallow systems are relatively more common around noon. The diurnal modulation is regionally variable. The amplitude of the diurnal cycle of the mean echo top height decreases from the arid margins of the zenithal rain region toward the equatorial region, and is smallest in the Amazon. A secondary predawn (0000–0600 LT) maximum occurs in the Congo, in terms of rainfall frequency, rainfall intensity, and echo tops. The storm intensity indicators generally peak a few hours later in the Sahel and northern Savanna than in other regions in Africa.
The difference between all African regions and the Amazon, and the relatively smaller differences between regions in Africa, can be understood in terms of the climatological humidity, CAPE, and low-level shear values.
Large-Scale Atmospheric Forcing by Southeast Pacific Boundary Layer Clouds: A Regional Model Study*
Authors: Wang Yuqing , Xie Shang-Ping , Wang Bin , Xu Haiming 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
A regional model is used to study the radiative effect of boundary layer clouds over the southeast Pacific on large-scale atmosphere circulation during August–October 1999. With the standard settings, the model simulates reasonably well the large-scale circulation over the eastern Pacific, precipitation in the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) north of the equator, and marine boundary layer stratocumulus clouds to the south. In a sensitivity experiment with the radiative effect of liquid clouds south of the equator over the eastern Pacific artificially removed, boundary layer clouds south of the equator almost disappear and precipitation in the ITCZ is reduced by 15%–20%, indicating that the stratocumulus clouds over the southeast Pacific have both local and cross-equatorial effects.
Examination of the differences between the control and sensitivity experiments indicates that clouds exert a net diabatic cooling in the inversion layer. In response to this cloud-induced cooling, an in situ anomalous high pressure system develops in the boundary layer and an anomalous shallow meridional circulation develops in the lower troposphere over the equatorial eastern Pacific. At the lower branch of this shallow circulation, anomalous boundary layer southerlies blow from the boundary layer high toward the northern ITCZ where the air ascends. An anomalous returning flow (northerly) just above the cloud layer closes the shallow circulation.
This low-level anomalous shallow circulation enhances the subsidence over the southeast Pacific above the cloud layer, helping to maintain boundary layer clouds and temperature inversion there. Meanwhile, the strengthened cross-equatorial flow near the surface enhances moisture convergence and convection in the ITCZ north of the equator. This in turn strengthens the local, deep Hadley circulation and hence the large-scale subsidence and boundary layer clouds over the southeast Pacific. This positive feedback therefore enhances the interhemispheric climate asymmetry over the tropical eastern Pacific.
In-mold Coating of Composites Manufactured by Resin Infusion between Double Flexible Tooling Process
Authors: Toro N. , Okoli O. I. , Wang H. -P. 
Published: April 2005

In-mold coating is desired by the composites industry since it eliminates the current paint process, which is not only laborious and time consuming, but expensive and presents safety issues. This work set out to investigate a means of implementing an in-mold coating scheme that would result in near class-A finish of composite component parts manufactured by the Resin Infusion between Double Flexible Tooling (RIDFT) process. RIDFT is a novel two-stage process, which incorporates resin infusion and wetting with vacuum forming. The flow front of the infused resin is two-dimensional and avoids flow complexities prevalent in the three-dimensional flow seen in other liquid composite molding techniques. It employs a one-sided mold, which provides obvious cost benefits when compared with resin transfer molding. This paper describes the preliminary results of in-mold coating assessment studies made using thermoformable paint films. A room temperature-cured vinyl ester resin is used and the paint film is an Avery Dennison Avloy film.
Marketing Theory and Practice
Authors: Thomas Joffi , K. Gupta Rajen 
Published: April 2005

The macro-environmental changes brought about by technological advances and globalization in the last decade had significant influences at all levels: the economy, industries, markets and the consumer. The article reviews developments in marketing theory and practice over the last two decades against the backdrop of these macro-influences which led to borderless, connected knowledge economy, globalizing, converging and consolidating industries, fragmenting and frictionless markets, active, connected, informed and demanding customers and a complex, distinctly different competitive scenario.Organizations’ attempts to adapt to these changing environmental realities have effected changes in the focus (value distribution to value creation), emphasis (customer acquisition to customer retention) and scope (immediate customer to value-chain) of marketing. Changes in marketing practice have brought about fundamental theoretical shifts in marketing. The shifts are from a goods-centred view to service-centred view and co-creating valued customer experience; attention to social processes in consumption/marketing than the economic processes alone; and from firm perspective to customer perspective in understanding marketing/consumption phenomena. The dominant marketing mix paradigm was found inadequate in incorporating these theoretical shifts and this led to the development of the relationship marketing paradigm in marketing. The research areas, relationship marketing, services marketing, market orientation and marketing productivity received increased attention from the research community during the last decade.
The early identification of cognitive impairment
Authors: Scott David , Donnelly Michael 
Published: April 2005

The early and accurate identification of dementia helps to ensure the delivery of appropriate treatment and allows people with dementia and their carers to plan for the future. This article describes a research evaluation of a new screening, assessment and referral service for people with early-stage dementia and their carers who reside in one of Northern Ireland’s integrated health and social services trusts. A total of 435 referrals were made to the service during the first 33 months; most were female (70%) with an average age of 80 (SD = 7.68) and a mild/moderate (71%) cognitive impairment (mean Mini-mental State Examination score of 20.21 (SD = 6.10)). A research interview was conducted with 20 consecutive service users and their carers ( n = 21) following their initial assessment by a community psychiatric nurse and again four months later. Users recorded an overall improvement in self-reported quality of life and their use of health and social services remained unchanged. Carers valued highly the information and support provided by the project; their QoL improved and ‘stress and strain’ (as measured by the General Health Questionnaire-30 and Carers’ Checklist) decreased. Generally, stakeholders such as referral agents reported that the new service made an important contribution to dementia care, although some professionals thought that the service needed to be better ‘networked’ in order to avoid duplication of resources. Overall, the findings from this evaluation help to address the lack of available information about ways in which to organize and deliver early-stage dementia care.
Nursing home residents with Alzheimer’s disease in special care units compared to other residents with Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Buchanan Robert J. , Choi Maryann , Wang Suojin , Ju Hyunsu , Graber David 
Published: April 2005

The purpose of the study was to compare nursing home residents with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in special care units (SCUs) to other AD residents. We analyzed 49,627 admission assessments recorded in the Minimum Data Set during 2000 for residents with AD, with 11,311 in SCUs. We compared these two groups of AD residents for demographic characteristics, health status, and treatments. SCU residents were significantly more likely to be male, younger, white, married, and self pay than other AD residents. SCU residents were significantly more likely to have poorer cognitive function and communication skills while other AD residents were significantly more likely to be totally activities of daily living (ADL) dependent, more physically disabled, and have cardiac-related conditions. SCU residents were significantly more likely to receive daily anti-psychotic, anti-anxiety, or anti-depressant medications than other AD residents. Other AD residents were more likely to receive a range of treatments and procedures, while SCU residents were more likely to receive intervention programs for mood, behavior, or cognitive loss. The implications of this are that SCU residents and other AD residents represent distinct nursing home populations. SCU residents are more likely to have cognitive decline and behavior problems while other AD residents are more likely to have greater physical disability and life-threatening co-morbidities.
Goat uromodulin promoter directs kidney-specific expression of GFP gene in transgenic mice
Authors: Huang Yue-Jin , Chretien Nathalie , Bilodeau Annie S , Zhou Jiang Feng , Lazaris Anthoula , Karatzas Costas N 
Published: April 2005

Abstract

Background
Uromodulin is the most abundant protein found in the urine of mammals. In an effort to utilize the uromodulin promoter in order to target recombinant proteins in the urine of transgenic animals we have cloned a goat uromodulin gene promoter fragment (GUM promoter) and used it to drive expression of GFP in the kidney of transgenic mice.

Results
The GUM-GFP cassette was constructed and transgenic mice were generated in order to study the promoter's tissue specificity, the GFP kidney specific expression and its subcellular distribution. Tissues collected from three GUM-GFP transgenic mouse lines, and analyzed for the presence of GFP by Western blotting and fluorescence confirmed that the GUM promoter drove expression of GFP specifically in the kidney. More specifically, by using immuno-histochemistry analysis of kidney sections, we demonstrated that GFP expression was co-localized, with endogenous uromodulin protein, in the epithelial cells of the thick ascending limbs (TAL) of Henle's loop and the early distal convoluted tubule in the kidney.

Conclusion
The goat uromodulin promoter is capable of driving recombinant protein expression in the kidney of transgenic mice. The goat promoter fragment cloned may be a useful tool in targeting proteins or oncogenes in the kidney of mammals.
Intrapulmonal dislocation of a totally implantable venous access device
Authors: Hackert Thilo , Tjaden Christin , Kraft Angelika , Sido Bernd , Dienemann Hendrik , Buchler Markus W 
Published: April 2005

Abstract

Background
Totally implantable venous access devices are widely used for infusion of chemotherapy or parenteral nutrition. Device associated complications include technical operative problems, infections, paravasal infusions and catheter or punction chamber dislocation.

Case presentation
We present the case of a 49-year-old patient with the rare complication of a intrapulmonal catheter dislocation of a totally implantable venous access system. Treosulfane for chemotherapy of metastatic breast cancer was infused via the catheter causing instant coughing and dyspnoea which lead to the diagnosis of catheter dislocation. The intrapulmonal part of the catheter was removed under thoracoscopic control without further complications.

Conclusion
Intrapulmonal catheter dislocation is a rare complication of a totally implantable venous access device which can not be avoided by any prophylactic measures. Therefore, the infusion system should be tested before each use and each new symptom, even when not obviously related to the catheter should be carefully documented and evaluated by expert physicians to avoid severe catheter-associated complications.
Chiropractic & Osteopathy. A new journal
Authors: Walker Bruce F , French Simon D , Cameron Melainie 
Published: April 2005

Abstract

Both chiropractic and osteopathy are over a century old. They are now regarded as complementary health professions. There is an imperative for both professions to research the principles and claims that underpin them, and the new journal Chiropractic & Osteopathy provides a scientific forum for the publication of such research.