bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of dermal vascularity in melasma and solar lentigo
Authors: Hara Yusuke , Shibata Takako 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackground /PurposeMelasma and solar lentigo (SL) are major benign hyperpigmented lesions, and both have been shown to involve the dermal vasculature. This review discusses current knowledge regarding the clinical characteristics of dermal vascularity in melasma and SL, as well as the results of relevant molecular biological investigations.MethodsPubMed and Google Scholar were searched in December 2023 to identify articles related to melasma, SL, and the dermal vasculature in these lesions.ResultsVascular morphologies in melasma and SL have been detected by histological and non‐invasive methods, including modalities such as optical coherence tomography. Biological studies have indicated that factors secreted from vascular endothelial cells, such as stem cell factor and endothelin‐1, can promote melanogenesis. With respect to phototherapy, blood vessel‐targeting laser treatments are expected to provide long‐term suppression of pigmentation, but this regimen is only effective when dilated capillaries are visible.ConclusionIn both melasma and SL, clinical and experimental investigations are revealing the contributions of dermal vascularity to hyperpigmentation. More effective treatment may require identification of hyperpigmentation subtypes. In the future, knowledge of treatment (including phototherapy) is expected to accumulate through reliable and validated non‐invasive measurements.
Yin Yang 1 facilitates the activation, inflammation, and extracellular matrix deposition of hepatic stellate cells in hepatic fibrosis
Authors: Fu Xiao , Luo Xin , Xiao Ping , Guo Ninghong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractChronic hepatic diseases often involve fibrosis as a pivotal factor in their progression. This study investigates the regulatory mechanisms of Yin Yang 1 (YY1) in hepatic fibrosis. Our data reveal that YY1 binds to the prolyl hydroxylase domain 1 (PHD1) promoter. Rats treated with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) display heightened fibrosis in liver tissues, accompanied by increased levels of YY1, PHD1, and the fibrosis marker alpha‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA). Elevated levels of YY1, PHD1, and α‐SMA are observed in the liver tissues of CCl4‐treated rats, primary hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) isolated from fibrotic liver tissues, and transforming growth factor beta‐1 (TGF‐β1)‐induced HSCs. The human HSC cell line LX‐2, upon YY1 overexpression, exhibits enhanced TGF‐β1‐induced activation, leading to increased expression of extracellular matrix (ECM)‐related proteins and inflammatory cytokines. YY1 silencing produces the opposite effect. YY1 exerts a positive regulatory effect on the activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway and PHD1 expression. PHD1 silencing rescues the promotion of YY1 in cell activation, ECM‐related protein expression, and inflammatory cytokine production in TGF‐β1‐treated LX‐2 cells. Overall, our findings propose a model wherein YY1 facilitates TGF‐β1‐induced HSC activation, ECM‐related protein expression, and inflammatory cytokine production by promoting PHD1 expression and activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. This study positions YY1 as a promising therapeutic target for hepatic fibrosis.
Views on the hill: Disagreement and effectiveness in U.S. Senate agenda setting
Authors: Lewallen Jonathan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSetting the decision agenda requires restricting information and focusing attention on specific issue dimensions. Agenda setting also carries opportunity costs: focusing on some issues and proposals means others go unaddressed. Agenda setting thus generates conflict about the choice of issues and selection of alternatives and proposals. Using data on “views” attached to U.S. Senate committee reports and Volden and Wiseman's legislative effectiveness scores, I show that more effective legislators are more likely to express disagreement with agenda‐setting choices. And rather than harm senators' future prospects at advancing legislation, expressing disagreement is associated with more subsequent legislative success relative to what other individual and institutional characteristics would predict, particularly in the middle stages of the legislative process. This article's findings illuminate potential short‐term benefits to expressing disagreement in agenda setting. I also find these activities have declined over time, which suggests changes in the institutional environment about venues for expressing disagreement.Related ArticlesHeidbreder, Brianne. 2012. “Agenda Setting in the States: How Politics and Policy Needs Shape Gubernatorial Agendas.” Politics & Policy 40(2): 296–319. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2012.00345.x.Sohn, Hyodong. 2023. “Policy Agenda Trade‐offs for Sustainability: The Compositional Change of Attention about Energy in Legislative Hearings.” Politics & Policy 51(6): 973–1007. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12563.Steger, Wayne P. 2008. “The President's Legislative Program: An Issue of Sincere versus Strategic Behavior.” Politics & Policy 33(2): 312–29. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2005.tb00645.x.
Morphology, photosynthetic and molecular mechanisms associated with powdery mildew resistance in Kentucky bluegrass
Authors: Xiaoyang Sun , Wenqi Ding , Yiwei Jiang , Yanchao Zhu , Can Zhu , Xinru Li , Jian Cui , Jinmin Fu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractKentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.), one of the most widely used cool‐season turfgrasses around the world, is sensitive to powdery mildew (PM; Blumeria graminis). The PM strain identification and regulation mechanisms of Kentucky bluegrass in response to pathogens still remain unclear. Through morphological and molecular analyses, we identified that the pathogen in Kentucky bluegrass was B. graminis f. sp. poae. The infection of B. graminis led to a reduction of the sclerenchyma area, expansion of vesicular cells and movement of chloroplasts. The infected leaves had significantly lower values in net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate, maximal quantum yield of PSII photochemistry, photochemical quenching and non‐regulated energy dissipation compared to mock‐inoculated leaves. Expressions of light‐harvesting antenna protein genes LHCA and LHCB and photosynthetic electron transport genes petE and petH decreased significantly in infected leaves. Furthermore, upregulations of genes involved in plant‐pathogen interaction, such as HSP90, RBOH, and RPM and downregulations of EDS, RPS and WRKY were observed in infected leaves. The findings may help design a feasible approach to effectively control the PM disease in Kentucky bluegrass and other related perennial grass species.
The STF/WOX1 MD is required for physical interaction with MtWOX9 and leaf blade outgrowth in Medicago truncatula
Authors: Li Xue , Wang Tingting , Zhang Yunwei , Tadege Million , Wang Hui 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPlant‐specific WUSCHEL‐related homeobox (WOX) family transcription factors play critical roles in maintaining meristems and lateral organ development. The WUS clade member STF/LAM1 physically interacts with the intermediate clade member WOX9. This interaction contributes to their antagonistical functions on leaf blade outgrowth by competing for the same cis‐elements in the promoter of their common target in M. truncatula and N. sylvestris. Here, we identified the main interaction domains of STF and MtWOX9 in Medicago, shedding light on the mechanism of WOX gene function. The middle domain of STF and MtWOX9 are both critical for the interaction, while the conserved motif of STF in the C‐terminal domain is also required. Deletion of the middle domain of STF partially rescued the leaf blade phenotypes of the stf null mutant, indicating that the middle domain plays an essential role during leaf blade expansion. This finding provides a new insight that the versatility of WOX function is not only caused by the conserved DNA binding and repression domains but also by the middle domain that recruits different partners.
Monopsony power, offshoring, and a European minimum wage
Authors: Egger Hartmut , Kreickemeier Udo , Wrona Jens 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis paper sets up a two‐country model of offshoring with monopolistically competitive product and monopsonistically competitive labor markets. In our model, an incentive for offshoring exists even between symmetric countries, because shifting part of the production abroad reduces local labor demand and allows firms to more strongly execute their monopsonistic labor market power. However, offshoring between symmetric countries has negative welfare effects and therefore calls for policy intervention. In this context, we put forward the role of a common minimum wage and show that the introduction of a moderate minimum wage increases offshoring and reduces welfare. In contrast, a sizable minimum wage reduces offshoring and increases welfare. Beyond that, we also show that a sufficiently high common minimum wage cannot only eliminate offshoring but also inefficiencies in the resource allocation due to monopsonistic labor market distortions in closed economies.
Semantic structure and problem posing: Preservice teachers' experience
Authors: Calabrese Julia E. , Capraro Mary Margaret , Viruru Radhika 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDespite problem posing's prominence in mathematics education research, its implementation in classrooms is limited. Therefore, teacher educators should incorporate problem posing tasks into preparation programs to help prospective teachers gain confidence in their abilities. One approach to teaching problem posing includes providing examples. The Common Core State Standards Initiative provides taxonomies with examples of one‐step word problems for all four basic operations. Through this mixed‐methods study, preservice teachers (N = 44) regularly identified and posed word problems within the addition and subtraction taxonomy. Before and after the intervention, the preservice teachers answered survey questions and posed problems to model given equations. The researchers analyzed the preservice teachers’ abilities to pose logical word problems and to match given equations before and after instruction. They also quantitatively analyzed Likert‐style survey responses on perceptions of posing the various types of word problems and integrated the results with a qualitative analysis of open‐ended responses expanding on the same questions. Results showed participants’ abilities to pose problems increased after the intervention. Additionally, participants felt problems with the unknown information at the beginning or middle were harder to pose than those with the unknown information at the end.
Management of infectious disease syndromes in thoracic organ transplants and mechanical circulatory device recipients: a Delphi panel
Authors: Luong Me‐Linh , Nakamachi Yoshiko , Silveira Fernanda P. , Morrissey Catherine O. , Danziger‐Isakov Lara , Verschuuren Erik A. M , Wolfe Cameron R. , Hadjiliadis Denis , Chambers Daniel C. , Patel Jignesh K. , Dellgren Goran , So Miranda , Verleden Geert M. , Blumberg Emily A. , Vos Robin , Perch Michael , Holm Are M. , Mueller Nicholas J. , Chaparro Cecilia , Husain Shahid 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPurposeAntimicrobial misuse contributes to antimicrobial resistance in thoracic transplant (TTx) and mechanical circulatory support (MCS) recipients. This study uses a modified Delphi method to define the expected appropriate antimicrobial prescribing for the common clinical scenarios encountered in TTx and MCS recipients.MethodsAn online questionnaire on managing 10 common infectious disease syndromes was submitted to a multidisciplinary Delphi panel of 25 experts from various disciplines. Consensus was predefined as 80% agreement for each question. Questions where consensus was not achieved were discussed during live virtual live sessions adapted by an independent process expert.ResultsAn online survey of 62 questions related to 10 infectious disease syndromes was submitted to the Delphi panel. In the first round of the online questionnaire, consensus on antimicrobial management was reached by 6.5% (4/62). In Round 2 online live discussion, the remaining 58 questions were discussed among the Delphi Panel members using a virtual meeting platform. Consensus was reached among 62% (36/58) of questions. Agreement was not reached regarding the antimicrobial management of the following six clinical syndromes: (1) Burkholderia cepacia pneumonia (duration of therapy); (2) Mycobacterium abscessus (intra‐operative antimicrobials); (3) invasive aspergillosis (treatment of culture‐negative but positive BAL galactomannan) (duration of therapy); (4) respiratory syncytial virus (duration of antiviral therapy); (5) left ventricular assist device deep infection (initial empirical antimicrobial coverage) and (6) CMV (duration of secondary prophylaxis).ConclusionThis Delphi panel developed consensus‐based recommendations for 10 infectious clinical syndromes seen in TTx and MCS recipients.
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Devaluing personhood: The framing of migrants in the EU's new pact on migration and asylum
Authors: Häkli Jouni , Kudžmaitė Gintarė , Kallio Kirsi Pauliina 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe latest EU policy initiative to regulate migration to the European Union is called the New Pact on Migration and Asylum. Compared with previous policies, the New Pact promotes and normalises multiple procedures that can have far‐reaching consequences on migrants' agency, dignity, personhood, and vulnerability. As the EU's migration and asylum policies set the parameters for the governance of forced migration and access to asylum in the Member States, they also provide framings for the practical encounters between asylum seekers and the migration regime. These framings legitimise certain approaches to the management of asylum migration and the related interpretations of international human rights treaties both in the Member States and in the EU. By examining how migrants and their encounters with the EU are discussed and represented in the New Pact, we join the critical scholarship that has questioned the EU's supposed turn towards a more humane approach to migration. Examining the official voice of the EU, we conduct a critical policy analysis with a focus on terminology and framing, exploring three major frames through which the New Pact characterises migrants as part of its attempt to transform European asylum and migration governance. These frames relate to human classification, spatial coordination, and temporal control, each of which is linked to the management of encounters between migrants and the migration regime. We conclude by discussing what the New Pact's framing reveals about the EU's approaches to human vulnerability, dignity, agency, and (de)valued personhood.
Imperatives for integrated weed management in vegetable production: Evaluating research and adoption
Authors: Coleman Michael J. , Kristiansen Paul , Sindel Brian M. , Fyfe Christine 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWeeds have a significant impact on vegetable production worldwide. These intensive cropping systems feature frequent tillage, fertilization and irrigation, providing ideal growing conditions for crops as well as certain weeds. Integrated weed management (IWM) can reduce reliance on herbicides by encouraging a systems approach to weed management. Using insights from global research and industry literature, we investigated the effectiveness of prevailing weed control methods, and evaluated emerging management practices and technologies for ongoing research and adoption. Weed control relies primarily on a relatively narrow range of herbicides as well as frequent tillage. Herbicides have negative impacts on soil, water and human health, while tillage impacts soil quality and function. Intensive cropping on smaller plots facilitates IWM, relying on multiple strategies including hand weeding, mulches, cover crops and cultural methods (e.g., crop rotations, timing). New herbicide options are suggested as an industry priority but are constrained by the lack of new chemistry and potential herbicide resistance. Refinement and adoption of non‐herbicide and emerging precision control methods into farm IWM in vegetables is more likely to be sustainable. This review is relevant to advanced vegetable production systems globally, but also to smallholder vegetable production in developing economies.
Film‐forming polymer solutions containing cholesterol myristate and berberine mediate pressure ulcer repair via the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway
Authors: Li Yu , Huang Haiting , Gu Cuijin , Huang Wenyi , Chen Xianxian , Lu Xiaoting , You Aijia , Ye Sen , Zhong Jun , Zhao Yao , Yan Yu , Li Chun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPressure ulcer (PU) is a worldwide problem that is difficult to address because of the related inflammatory response, local hypoxia, and repeated ischaemia/reperfusion, causing great suffering and financial burden to patients. Traditional Chinese medicine turtle plate powder can treat skin trauma, but its composition is complex and inconvenient to use. Here, we combined cholesterol myristate (S8) with berberine (BBR), with anti‐inflammatory and antibacterial effects, as a drug and used hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 as carriers to construct a novel film‐forming polymeric solution (S8 + BBR FFPS), comprehensively study its reparative effect on PU and explore the potential mechanism in rat PU models. The results showed that S8 + BBR FFPS inhibits excessive inflammatory response, promotes re‐epithelialization, and promotes hair follicle growth during the healing process of PU, which may be related to the activation of the Wnt/β‐catenin signalling pathway by S8 + BBR FFPS to mediate hair follicle stem cell proliferation and maintain skin homeostasis. Therefore, S8 + BBR FFPS may be a potential candidate for the treatment of chronic skin injury, and its association with the Wnt/β‐catenin signalling pathway may provide new ideas to guide the design of biomaterial‐based wound dressings for chronic wound repair.
High moments of theta functions and character sums
Authors: Szabó Barnabás 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAssuming the Generalised Riemann Hypothesis, we prove a sharp upper bound on moments of shifted DirichletL‐functions. We use this to obtain conditional upper bounds on high moments of theta functions. Both of these results strengthen theorems of Munsch, who proved almost sharp upper bounds for these quantities. The main new ingredient of our proof comes from a paper of Harper, who showed the related result for all under the Riemann Hypothesis. Finally, we obtain a sharp conditional upper bound on high moments of character sums of arbitrary length.
African swine fever virus pH240R enhances viral replication via inhibition of the type I IFN signaling pathway
Authors: Ye Guangqiang , Zhang Zhaoxia , Liu Xiaohong , Liu Hongyang , Chen Weiye , Feng Chunying , Li Jiangnan , Zhou Qiongqiong , Zhao Dongming , Zhang Shuai , Chen Hefeng , Bu Zhigao , Huang Li , Weng Changjiang 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

African swine fever (ASF) is an acute, hemorrhagic, and severe infectious disease caused by ASF virus (ASFV) infection. At present, there are still no safe and effective drugs and vaccines to prevent ASF. Mining the important proteins encoded by ASFV that affect the virulence and replication of ASFV is the key to developing effective vaccines and drugs. In this study, ASFV pH240R, a capsid protein of ASFV, was found to inhibit the type I interferon (IFN) signaling pathway. Mechanistically, pH240R interacted with IFNAR1 and IFNAR2 to disrupt the interaction of IFNAR1-TYK2 and IFNAR2-JAK1. Additionally, pH240R inhibited the phosphorylation of IFNAR1, TYK2, and JAK1 induced by IFN-α, resulting in the suppression of the nuclear import of STAT1 and STAT2 and the expression of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). Consistent with these results, H240R-deficient ASFV (ASFV-∆H240R) infection induced more ISGs in porcine alveolar macrophages compared with its parental ASFV HLJ/18. We also found that pH240R enhanced viral replication via inhibition of ISGs expression. Taken together, our results clarify that pH240R enhances ASFV replication by inhibiting the JAK-STAT signaling pathway, which highlights the possibility of pH240R as a potential drug target.

IMPORTANCE
The innate immune response is the host’s first line of defense against pathogen infection, which has been reported to affect the replication and virulence of African swine fever virus (ASFV) isolates. Identification of ASFV-encoded proteins that affect the virulence and replication of ASFV is the key step in developing more effective vaccines and drugs. In this study, we found that pH240R interacted with IFNAR1 and IFNAR2 by disrupting the interaction of IFNAR1-TYK2 and IFNAR2-JAK1, resulting in the suppression of the expression of interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes (ISGs). Consistent with these results, H240R-deficient ASFV (ASFV-∆H240R) infection induces more ISGs’ expression compared with its parental ASFV HLJ/18. We also found that pH240R enhanced viral replication via inhibition of ISGs’ expression. Taken together, our findings showed that pH240R enhances ASFV replication by inhibiting the IFN-JAK-STAT axis, which highlights the possibility of pH240R as a potential drug target.
Complete genome sequence of
Citrobacter braakii
ASE1 generated by PacBio sequencing
Authors: Tran Thao D. , Lee SangIn , Hnasko Robert , McGarvey Jeffery A. 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

We report the complete genome sequence of
Citrobacter braakii
ASE1 generated by the PacBio Sequel II platform. This bacterium was isolated from the soil of a lettuce farm in Salinas, CA, USA, in 2020. The genome consists of a single circular chromosome of 5,021,820 bp with a 52.2% GC content.