bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in haemodialysis patients
Authors: Chen Guotai , Zheng Chaoxu , Wu Zhimian , Tan Min , Yu Junfeng , Zhao Zhenxian , Chiu Philip Wy 
Published: March 2003

Objective: To study the effect and safety of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in haemodialysis patients. Method: From May 1994 to December 1998, the clinical progress of nine haemodialysis patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy were reviewed. Results: Eight patients recovered very well from surgery, while one patient had a mild complication of a collection of seroma represented by ultrasound in the gallbladder region. Conclusions: Perioperative management is important when performing laparoscopic cholecystectomy in patients on haemodialysis. Those patients on well‐managed haemodialysis will tolerate laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Greater precision in surgery: The key to improving oncological outcomes
Authors: Heald Richard John 
Published: March 2003

For almost 20 years, the concept of total mesorectal excision (TME) has featured in the medical literature. It remains the object of ongoing controversy. Because TME provides the best example of how the competing demands of precision, new technology and alternative access will develop over the years, this article will discuss essential oncological priorities in detail.
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Sentinel node biopsy in breast cancer: Report of 50 cases using combined isotope and blue dye mapping
Authors: Hung Wai‐Ka , Chan Miranda Chi‐Mui , Chong Sui‐Fan , Mak Kong‐Ling , Lau Yvonne , Yip Andrew Wai‐Chun 
Published: March 2003

Objective: To assess the accuracy of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) using combined isotope and blue dye mapping technique.Method: Prospective analysis of 50 cases of SLNB in patients with breast cancer. Accuracy was assessed by comparing the histology of sentinel lymph node (SLN) with axillary dissection specimen.Results: Sentinel lymph nodes were localized in 47 cases (94%) and correctly predicted the axillary status in all cases (100% accuracy) with no false negative result. Frozen section analysis of SLN was associated with a 33% false negative rate. Immunohistochemical staining did not improve the detection of metastasis compared with haematoxylin–eosin paraffin sections.Conclusions: Sentinel lymph node biopsy is highly accurate in staging the nodal involvement in breast cancer using the combined mapping technique. Chinese Abstract imageimageimageimageimage
Review: Palliative gastrectomy for stage IV carcinoma of stomach
Authors: Chiu Philip Wai‐Yan , Wong Simon Kin‐Hung , Kwong Kwok‐Hung , Kwok Samuel Po‐Yin 
Published: March 2003

Currently, there is still controversy on the issue of palliative gastrectomy for patients with advanced carcinoma of stomach in terms of safety and its benefits. From the data available in the literature, palliative gastrectomy seems to be associated with a better survival rate, better relief of symptoms and similar rates of perioperative morbidity and mortality when compared with laparotomy with or without gastrojejunostomy. However, all these studies are retrospective comparative studies or series that carried significant biases. This makes interpretation of the outcome difficult. A selective approach is advocated as palliative gastrectomy carries significant risks. Chinese Abstract imageimage
Flicker adaptation can be explained by probability summation between ON‐ and OFF‐mechanisms
Authors: Zele Andrew J , Vingrys Algis J 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACTThis study considered whether the dynamics of flicker adaptation can be explained in terms of probability summation over time between independent ON‐ and OFF‐processors. Foveal thresholds were measured for flickering probes, and for static ON‐ and OFF‐probes that have durations consistent with the flicker duty cycle. Thresholds were obtained using a probe‐flash stimulus onset asynchrony paradigm. The outcome of the experiment suggests that flicker thresholds are lower than the component ON‐ and OFF‐thresholds, and that the flicker response can be predicted by assuming probability summation between the ON‐ and OFF‐mechanisms.
Clinical features at presentation of anterior segment pigment dispersion syndrome
Authors: Gillies William E , Brooks Anne MV 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACTOne hundred and twenty patients with anterior segment pigment dispersion syndrome were reviewed in order to ascertain the features of the condition and form some idea of their significance. Patients were regarded as having pigment dispersion syndrome on the basis of heavy trabecular mesh pigmentation with at least one other feature of the condition. Although common in men, 44 patients, or a little over one‐third, were women. Average age at presentation was 47.8 years with women presenting 10 years later than men. Intraocular pressure was very variable at presentation being less than 20 mmHg in 23 patients. Some patients with elevated pressure had no field loss. Variable myopia was recorded in 38 patients; 30 patients were not myopic. Anterior chamber depth was also variable, the average being 3.0 mm, but six patients had a depth of 2.2 mm or less. The syndrome is extremely variable in its features at presentation. The mild hypoplasia and the hypoperfusion of the iris previously described is consistent with the laxity of the iris noted by Ritch and colleagues.
Adhesion of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ocular isolates to mucin
Authors: Aristoteli Lina Panayiota , Willcox Mark DP 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to compare the adhesion of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ocular isolates to mucin. An adhesion assay was developed using biotin‐labelled P. aeruginosa strains (two corneal ulcer, two acute red eye, one asymptomatic and one standard strains) incubated with porcine gastric mucin immobilized on a nitrocellulose membrane. The adhesion was semiquantified using densitometry. The results showed that all P. aeruginosa strains tested were able to adhere to mucin to various extents with three strains (one corneal ulcer, one acute red eye, one asymptomatic) binding significantly greater than the negative control (P < 0.1). Results suggest that ocular strains of P. aeruginosa strains differ in their adhesion to mucin but this did not correlate with the pathogenic origin of the strain. It is concluded that the adhesion of P. aeruginosa strains to mucin alone may not be a principal determinant of pathogenesis but may be a contributing factor along with other bacterial virulence traits.
Localization of voltage‐sensitive L‐type calcium channels in the chicken retina
Authors: Firth Sally I , Morgan Ian G , Boelen Meeuwis K , Morgans Catherine W 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACTL‐type calcium channels have been associated with synaptic transmission in the retina, and are a potential site for modulation of the release of neurotransmitters. The present study documents the immunohistochemical localization of neuronal α1 subunits of L‐type calcium channels in chicken retina, using antibodies to the α1c, α1d and α1f subunits of L‐type calcium channels. The α1c‐like subunits were localized to Müller cells, with predominantly radial processes, and a prominent band of horizontal processes in the outer plexiform layer. The antibody to α1d subunits labelled most, if not all, cell bodies. The antibody to a human α1f subunit strongly labelled photoreceptor terminals. Fainter immunoreactivity was detected in the inner segments of the photoreceptors, a subset of amacrine cells, two bands of labelling in the inner plexiform layer and many ganglion cells. The differential cellular distributions of these α1‐subunits suggests subtle functional differences in their roles at different cellular locations.
Atypical retinal microvasculopathy after bone marrow transplantation
Authors: Bylsma Guy W , Hall Anthony JH , Szer Jeff , West Robert 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT Objective: Typical early ischaemic retinal microvascular changes with cotton wool spots after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) are well recognised. In this study an atypical non‐ischaemic late retinopathy is described. Methods: Sequential cases of late retinal microvasculopathy following allogeneic BMT were reviewed. Demographic features and clinical and angiographic data were collected. Results: Of 399 patients undergoing allogeneic BMT between 1992 and 1999, eight eyes of four patients developed atypical retinopathy. All patients were male and the age range was 27–50 (mean 37.5) years. The indications for BMT were acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (two patients), chronic myeloid leukaemia (one patient) and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (one patient). Two patients had conditioning regimens including irradiation. All had cyclosporine and methotrexate as graft‐versus‐host disease prophylaxis. All but one had cyclophosphamide and busulphan as conditioning treatment. One had interferon. No patients had sustained hypertension or diabetes mellitus. Atypical retinopathy was identified 13–62 (mean 50) months after BMT and clinical features consisted of microaneurysms (MA; 4/4), hard exudates (1/4) and macular oedema (1/4). No patient had cotton wool spots. The median acuity was 6/5. Angiographic features were MA (4/4), late leak (2/4) and peripheral (1/4) or central (1/4) ischaemia. One patient underwent focal photocoagulation for macular oedema. Conclusion: Retinal microvascular incompetence (without cotton wool spots) with good vision may occur in a small number of patients as a late complication of allogeneic BMT.
The failed probing
Authors: O'Donnell Brett A , Adenis Jean Paul , Linberg John V , Rose Geoffrey E , Sullivan Timothy J , Wobig John L 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACTThe management of failed probing for congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction is given by a panel of authors. Treatment options examined are repeat probing, inferior turbinate infracture, closed lacrimal intubation and dacryocystorhinostomy. There is considerable variation as to the timing of these interventional techniques.
A comparison of cataract surgery under topical anaesthesia with and without intracameral lignocaine
Authors: Roberts Tim , Boytell Kerry 
Published: March 2003

Abstract Purpose: To compare the efficacy of intracameral unpreserved lignocaine with placebo during cataract surgery under topical anaesthesia. Methods: One hundred and thirty‐five consecutive
cases undergoing clear corneal phacoemulsification were en­rolled in
this single surgeon, prospective, double‐masked, con­trolled
trial. Patients were randomized into two groups, receiving either
intracameral unpreserved lignocaine 1% or placebo (balanced
salt solution). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, pulse rate
and peripheral oxygen saturation were recorded preoperatively and
during phacoemulsification. The level of intraoperative pain was
assessed by a numerical analogue scale ranging between 0 (no pain)
and 10 (unbearable pain). Data were compared by Student t‐test. Results: Sixty‐seven cases received lignocaine
(group 1) and 68 received placebo (group 2). Average age was 75 years
and 74 years, respectively. Systolic blood pressure, pulse
rate, oxygen saturation and pain score showed no statistical difference
(P = 0.241, 0.542, 0.712, 0.237,
respectively). Diastolic blood pressure showed a weakly significant change
(P = 0.023). Patients reported minimal discomfort during surgery in both groups. Conclusion: This study found no additional benefit of intra­cameral unpreserved lignocaine when performing routine clear corneal phacoemulsification under topical anaesthesia.
Combined coliform and anaerobic infection of the lacrimal sac
Authors: McKeag David , Kamal Zahid , McNab Alan A , Sheorey Harsha 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA case is reported of combined coliform and anaerobic bacterial infection of the lacrimal sac, a condition of which there is only one other published case report. In addition, a literature review is presented of the bacteriology of acute dacryocystitis as it applies to this case. Recommendations for the microbiological investigation and management of acute dacryocystitis are made.
Development and surgical implantation of a vision prosthesis model into the ovine eye
Authors: Kerdraon Yves A , Downie John A , Suaning Gregg J , Capon Malcolm R , Coroneo Minas T , Lovell Nigel H 
Published: March 2003

AbstractPurpose: A surgical technique was designed and tested to enable the implantation of an intraocular electrical retinal stimulator.Method: An inoperative perspex and silicone model was constructed to
closely resemble the anticipated properties of the proposed visual
prosthesis. The animal model chosen for these experiments was the
sheep, because the dimensions of its ocular anatomy are approximately
30% larger than the human’s, being otherwise grossly
similar. The surgical method involved transplanar port‐hole lensectomy
and vitrectomy, insertion of the model implant through a limbal
incision, and fixation of the perspex subunit close to the location
of the native crystalline lens, by way of trans‐pars plana fixation sutures. Adequate preretinal positioning of the implant’s silicone extension was obtained by way of its inherent elastic recoil.Results: The procedure was performed without macroscopic evidence of undue surgical trauma.Conclusion: Although further long‐term experiments are required to fully assess the surgical procedure and biocompatibility of the implant, intraoperative assessment and postmortem computed tomographic imaging of the globe has confirmed the successful intraocular positioning and fixation of the implant.
Temporal processing of global and local information varies with global precedence
Authors: Lawson Murray L , Crewther Sheila G , Blume‐Tari Astrid , Guminsky Michael , Perdikeas Nektaria , Roebuck Gillian , Simmonds Sara , Crewther David P 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe concept of global precedence, which suggests that the global aspect of a scene is processed more rapidly than local details, was examined using the attentional blink paradigm. Eighteen adult subjects observed multiple sequences of complex global−local letter figures to see whether the attentional blink duration would be affected by the visual angle size of the stimulus. Within each sequence, the subject was directed to identify either a global or local red target letter and to detect whether a global or local probe letter (X) was presented in the sequence following the target letter. Stimuli were presented at three different sizes. Results showed significantly higher probe detection rates for global probes than for local at small stimulus sizes. However, using large stimulus sizes, mean correct probe detection was sig­nificantly higher in conditions requiring local attention compared to global. No significant difference in probe detection performance was observed between global and local conditions at medium stimulus sizes. The results suggest that the rate of visual information processing varies according to the visual angle of the particular information. The results support the suggestion that the precedence of information is an important factor in the temporal processing of global−local information.
Five‐year outcome of correctable visual impairment: the Blue MountainsEye Study
Authors: Foran Suriya , Rose Kathryn , Wang JieJin , Thiagalingam Sureka , Mitchell Paul 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThis report aims to describe the outcome and socio‐economic characteristicsof older persons attending the Blue Mountains Eye Study (BMES) withpersistent correct­able visual impairment (VI). The BMESI examined 3654 persons aged 49+ during 1992−1994and re‐examined 2335 survivors during 1997−1999 (BMES II).Visual acuity was measured before and after standardized refraction.Participants had correctable VI if their better eye was visuallyimpaired <6/12 before refraction (with distanceglasses if worn) and was unimpaired after refraction. In BMES I,274 persons (7.5%) had correctable VI, of whom 127 returnedto BMES II. Of this group of 127, 34 had persistent correctableVI and 74 were no longer impaired. Fewer persons with correctableVI returned and more died prior to BMES II, compared to personswith no or non‐correctable VI. This study showed that persistentcorrectable impairment was more frequent with increasing age, amongwomen, in those living alone, using community support services,or with a history of heart disease.
Effects of optical defocus and spatial contrast on anterior chamberdepth in chicks
Authors: Barutchu Ayla , Crewther SheilaG , Crewther DavidP 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe goal of this study was to investigate the effect of optical defocusand spatial contrast on refractive development and, in particular,on anterior chamber growth. Ninety chicks were raised from day 4−10post‐hatching wearing monocular lenses (±10 Dor 0 D), in an environment with either high, low or nospatial contrast patterns: 30%, 6% or 0% contrast, respectively.At day 10, the chicks’ refractive state and ocular componentswere assessed using retinoscopy and A‐scan ultrasonography. Oculardefocus resulted in sign‐dependent significant differences in refractiveerror, axial length and vitreous chamber depth. Lens wear also ledto significant spatial contrast dependent changes in anterior chamber depth.Varying ambient spatial contrast in the chick’s environmentdid not inhibit emmetropization processes; however, anterior chambergrowth was particularly susceptible to changes in spatial contrast.
The flash‐lag effect and equiluminance
Authors: Chappell Mark , Hine Trevor J , Hardwick David 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAn object briefly flashed adjacent to the path of another moving object appears to spatially lag the moving object in the direction of its motion: the ‘flash‐lag effect’. A simple differential lag model account of this effect suggests that it occurs because the moving object activates motion detectors in the faster magnocellular pathway, whereas the flashed object does not. This model was tested by reducing M‐pathway involvement using isoluminant stimuli. All four participants, who were university undergraduate students, were exposed to eight conditions, involving all possible combinations of moving and flashing objects coloured either white or green, shown against either a grey or a black background. Green objects were equiluminant with the grey background. The magnitude of the flash‐lag effect was found using the method of constant stimuli. No reliable support was found for the hypothesis that equiluminance of the moving object reduces the flash‐lag effect. Instead an interaction was found where there was an effect of equiluminance on the flash, but only when the moving object was not equiluminant. Such data is problematic for this and other simple differential lag models of the flash‐lag effect.
Ocular contusion caused by elastic cords: a retrospective analysis using the Erlangen Ocular Contusion Registry
Authors: Viestenz Arne , Küchle Michael 
Published: March 2003

Abstract Purpose: Elastic cords are common tools to secure luggage to the roof of motor vehicles or the carrier of bicycles. In comparison with other variants of ocular contusion, patients with elastic cord injuries appear to suffer more severe ocular damage. Methods: The charts of 398 consecutive patients of the Erlangen Ocular Contusion Registry who had been hospitalized for ocular contusion over a 10‐year period were retrospectively reviewed. The acute clinical findings of 23 patients with elastic cord injury were compared with 375 patients with other contusions. Open globe injuries were excluded. Results: A total of 5.8% of the patients were injured by elastic cords; their mean age was 36.6 ± 17.0 years (range 8−66; median 34 years). The following morphological changes were documented in elastic cord injuries versus other ocular contusions: hyphema 100% versus 75%; angle recession 92% versus 72%; iridodialysis 17% versus 9%; traumatic cataract 14% versus 10%; lens dislocation 38% versus 13%; choroidal rupture 19% versus 6%; peripheral Berlin's oedema 57% versus 35%; and central Berlin's oedema 29% versus 12%. The difference of the incidence was significant for lens dislocation (P < 0.01), choroidal rupture (P = 0.024), and central (P = 0.029) and peripheral Berlin's oedema (P = 0.043). The final visual outcome was lower in patients with elastic cords injuries (P = 0.008). Conclusion: Elastic cord injuries induce more severe ocular damage than most other contusions. The elastic cords producing industry is called on to develop safer luggage fixation systems and warn against the potential harmful consequences of injury to the eye.
Use of contact lenses to correct aphakia in children
Authors: Chia Audrey , Johnson Kim , Martin Frank 
Published: March 2003

Abstract Background: Contact lenses play an important role in the management of childhood aphakia. However, the use and care of the lenses can be challenging. The aim of this study was to determine how parents coped and what problems they encountered. Methods: Thirty‐one families of aphakic children who were fitted with contact lenses between 1990 and 1997 were contacted and invited to participate in a telephone survey. Results: Thirty families agreed to participate. Eighteen families (60%) were still using contact lenses successfully at the time of the study. Four families (13.3%) stopped using contact lenses within a year because of overwhelming difficulties handling the lenses. There was an initial learn­ing process that was often stressful and frustrating. The learning curve lasted from 1 to 24 months (first quartile 2.0 months; median 3.3 months; third quartile 15.0 months). The personality of the parent, temperament of the child and the frequency at which problems occurred may all have contributed to how each family coped with the lenses. Common initial problems included inserting the lenses into the eyes of an uncooperative child and the loss of lenses. Other problems included irritation associated with dryness, and the financial cost of maintaining the lenses. Conclusion: Although most parents initially found contact lenses daunting, 70% of families surveyed eventually learned to cope well. Parents felt that proper education of both parents and children on why the lenses were required, a good appreciation of problems that may occur, a strong social support network and adequate financial aid were important factors in learning to cope.
Pituitary apoplexy presenting with an orbital bruit
Authors: Watson Stephanie L , Francis Ian C , Coroneo Minas T 
Published: March 2003

AbstractPituitary apoplexy is a sight‐threatening syndrome in which a pituitary adenoma undergoes sudden enlargement as a result of haemorrhage, infarction or both. Classic features of the syndrome include sudden severe headaches, reduced consciousness, visual impairment, ophthalmoplegia and/or endocrinological disturbance. Pituitary apoplexy has been reported following cardiac bypass surgery. The case is reported of a 68‐year‐old man who presented with left external and internal ophthalmoplegia, complete ptosis, mild chemosis, reduced vision, and an orbital bruit following coronary artery bypass grafting. Carotid angiography showed the left internal carotid artery to be bowed anteriorly and narrowed. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated features consistent with pituitary apoplexy. It is believed that an orbital bruit has not previously been reported in pituitary apoplexy.