bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Politicized science and rural–urban divides: Exploring how rurality in the place of residence and red and blue media use affected attitudes toward scientists before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Okada Tomoko , Shen Liwei 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBased on the concept of place‐based identity, this study disentangles the effects of rurality and partisanship and considers their interactions with red/blue media use in rural–urban divides in attitudes toward scientists. By employing the 2016 American National Election Survey and our 2021 survey data, we investigated how partisanship, rurality, and red/blue media use related to attitudes toward scientists. Analyses revealed distinct roles for partisanship and rurality in predicting attitudes, even after controlling for demographic variables, including family income and education. Compared to those who resided in large metro areas, residents of more rural areas tended to harbor more negative attitudes toward scientists. This tendency was reinforced by red media use in 2021 but not in 2016. Given the dissimilar results in 2016 and 2021 in terms of the interaction of red media use and rurality, we should pay more attention to rural–urban divides in attitudes toward scientists.
Expression of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 correlates inversely with the efficacy of single‐agent fibroblast growth factor receptor‐specific inhibitors in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Lin Qingxiang , Serratore Andrea , Perri Jonathan , Roy Chaudhuri Tista , Qu Jun , Ma Wen Wee , Kandel Eugene S. , Straubinger Robert M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackground and PurposeElevated fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) activity correlates with pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) progression and poor prognosis. However, its potential as a therapeutic target remains largely unexplored.Experimental ApproachThe mechanisms of action and therapeutic effects of selective pan‐FGFR inhibitors (pan‐FGFRi) were explored using in vitro and in vivo PDAC models ranging from gemcitabine‐sensitive to highly gemcitabine‐resistant (GemR). Gain‐/loss‐of‐function investigations were employed to define the role of individual FGFRs in cell proliferation, migration, and treatment response and resistance.ResultsThe pan‐FGFRi NVP‐BGJ398 significantly inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and downregulated key cell survival‐ and invasiveness markers in multiple PDAC cell lines. Gemcitabine is a standard‐of‐care for PDAC, but development of resistance to gemcitabine (GemR) compromises its efficacy. Acquired GemR was modelled experimentally by developing highly GemR cells using escalating gemcitabine exposure in vitro and in vivo. FGFRi treatment inhibited GemR cell proliferation, migration, GemR marker expression, and tumour progression. FGFR2 or FGFR3 loss‐of‐function by shRNA knockdown failed to decrease cell growth, whereas FGFR1 knockdown was lethal. FGFR1 overexpression promoted cell migration more than proliferation, and reduced FGFRi‐mediated inhibition of proliferation and migration. Single‐agent FGFRi suppressed the viability and growth of multiple patient‐derived xenografts inversely with respect to FGFR1 expression, underscoring the influence of FGFR1‐dependent tumour responses to FGFRi. Importantly, secondary data analysis showed that PDAC tumours expressed FGFR1 at lower levels than in normal pancreas tissue.Conclusions and ImplicationsSingle‐agent FGFR inhibitors mediate selective, molecularly‐targeted suppression of PDAC proliferation, and their effects are greatest in PDAC tumours expressing low‐to‐moderate levels of FGFR1.
Intergenerational income mobility trends in Canada
Authors: Connolly Marie , Haeck Catherine 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe document the rise the intergenerational transmission of income using newly updated administrative Canadian tax data for children born between the early 1960s and the mid‐1980s. We show that children whose parents were in the bottom income quintile have become less likely to exit the bottom quintile once in adulthood and less likely to transition into the middle class. Declining mobility is observed both at the national and provincial level. While federal and provincial policy‐makers should worry about the rise in the strength of the poverty trap, the impact of recent policy developments on children that have yet to become adults remains to be documented.
Abnormal regional activity in the prefrontal‐limbic circuit at rest: Potential imaging markers and treatment predictors in drug‐naive anxiety disorders
Authors: Shan Xiaoxiao , Yan Haohao , Li Huabing , Liu Feng , Li Ping , Zhao Jingping , Guo Wenbin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundPrevious research has identified functional impairments within the prefrontal‐limbic circuit in individuals with anxiety disorders. However, the link between these deficiencies, clinical symptoms, and responses to antipsychotic treatment is still not fully understood. This study aimed to investigate abnormal regional activity within the prefrontal‐limbic circuit among drug‐naive individuals diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and panic disorder (PD) and to analyze changes following treatment.MethodsResting‐state magnetic resonance imaging was performed on a cohort of 118 anxiety disorder patients (64 GAD, 54 PD) and 61 healthy controls (HCs) at baseline. Among them, 52 patients with GAD and 44 patients with PD underwent a 4‐week treatment regimen of paroxetine. Fractional amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuation (fALFF) measurements and pattern classification techniques were employed to analyze the data in accordance with the human Brainnetome atlas.ResultsBoth patients with GAD and PD demonstrated decreased fALFF in the right cHipp subregion of the hippocampus and increased fALFF in specified subregions of the cingulate and orbitofrontal lobe. Notably, patients with PD exhibited significantly higher fALFF in the left A24cd subregion compared to patients with GAD, while other ROI subregions showed no significant variations between the two patient groups. Whole‐brain analysis revealed abnormal fALFF in both patient groups, primarily in specific areas of the cingulate and parasingulate gyrus, as well as the inferior and medial orbitofrontal gyrus (OFG). Following a 4‐week treatment period, specific subregions in the GAD and PD groups showed a significant decrease in fALFF. Further analysis using support vector regression indicated that fALFF measurements in the right A13 and right A24cd subregions may be predictive of treatment response among anxiety disorder patients.ConclusionsAberrant functional activity in certain subregions of the prefrontal‐limbic circuit appears to be linked to the manifestation of anxiety disorders. These findings suggest potential imaging indicators for individual responses to antipsychotic treatment.
Icaritin greatly attenuates β‐amyloid‐induced toxicity in vivo
Authors: Li Liangxian , Wei Zaiwa , Tang Yafang , Jin Mingyue , Yao Hua , Li Xia , Li Qinghua , Tan Jie , Xiao Bo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAimsThe accumulation and deposition of β‐amyloid (Aβ) has always been considered a major pathological feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The latest and mainstream amyloid cascade hypothesis indicates that all the main pathological changes in AD are attributed to the accumulation of soluble Aβ. However, the exploration of therapeutic drugs for Aβ toxicity has progressed slowly. This study aims to investigate the protective effects of Icaritin on the Aβ‐induced Drosophila AD model and its possible mechanism.MethodsTo identify the effects of Icaritin on AD, we constructed an excellent Drosophila AD model named Aβarc (arctic mutant Aβ42) Drosophila. Climbing ability, flight ability, and longevity were used to evaluate the effects of Icaritin on AD phenotypes. Aβarc was determined by immunostaining and ELISA. To identify the effects of Icaritin on oxidative stress, we performed the detection of ROS, hydrogen peroxide, MDA, SOD, catalase, GST, and Caspase‐3. To identify the effects of Icaritin on energy metabolism, we performed the detection of ATP and lactate. Transcriptome analysis and qRT‐PCR verifications were used to detect the genes directly involved in oxidative stress and energy metabolism. Mitochondrial structure and function were detected by an electron microscopy assay, a mitochondrial membrane potential assay, and a mitochondrial respiration assay.ResultsWe discovered that Icaritin almost completely rescues the climbing ability, flight ability, and longevity of Aβarc Drosophila. Aβarc was dramatically reduced by Icaritin treatment. We also found that Icaritin significantly reduces oxidative stress and greatly improves impaired energy metabolism. Importantly, transcriptome analysis and qRT‐PCR verifications showed that many key genes, directly involved in oxidative stress and energy metabolism, are restored by Icaritin. Next, we found that Icaritin perfectly restores the integrity of mitochondrial structure and function damaged by Aβarc toxicity.ConclusionThis study suggested that Icaritin is a potential drug to deal with the toxicity of Aβarc, at least partially realized by restoring the mitochondria/oxidative stress/energy metabolism axis, and holds potential for translation to human AD.
Comparison of conservative management, microsurgery only, and microsurgery with preoperative embolization for unruptured arteriovenous malformations: A propensity score weighted prospective cohort study
Authors: Han Heze , Chen Yu , Ma Li , Li Ruinan , Li Zhipeng , Zhang Haibin , Yuan Kexin , Wang Ke , Jin Hengwei , Meng Xiangyu , Yan Debin , Zhao Yang , Zhang Yukun , Jin Weitao , Li Runting , Lin Fa , Hao Qiang , Wang Hao , Ye Xun , Kang Shuai , Gao Dezhi , Sun Shibin , Liu Ali , Li Youxiang , Chen Xiaolin , Zhao Yuanli , Wang Shuo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAimsTo compare the efficacy and deficiency of conservative management (CM), microsurgery (MS) only, and microsurgery with preoperative embolization (E + MS) for unruptured arteriovenous malformations (AVMs).MethodsWe prospectively included unruptured AVMs undergoing CM, MS, and E + MS from our institution between August 2011 and August 2021. The primary outcomes were long‐term neurofunctional outcomes and hemorrhagic stroke and death. In addition to the comparisons among CM, MS, and E + MS, E + MS was divided into single‐staged hybrid and multi‐staged E + MS for further analysis. Stabilized inverse probability of treatment weighting using propensity scores was applied to control for confounders by treatment indication across the three groups.ResultsOf 3758 consecutive AVMs admitted, 718 patients were included finally (266 CM, 364 MS, and 88 E + MS). The median follow‐up duration was 5.4 years. Compared with CM, interventions (MS and E + MS) were associated with neurological deterioration. MS could lower the risk of hemorrhagic stroke and death. Multi‐staged E + MS was associated with neurological deterioration and higher hemorrhagic risks compared with MS, but the hybrid E + MS operation significantly reduced the hemorrhage risk.ConclusionIn this study, unruptured AVMs receiving CM would expect better neurofunctional outcomes but bear higher risks of hemorrhage than MS or E + MS. The single‐staged hybrid E + MS might be promising in reducing inter‐procedural and subsequent hemorrhage.
Media Inclination and Outward Foreign Direct Investment: Evidence from Chinese Firms
Authors: Hu Beibei , Luan Qiao , Meng Xue , Wang Kai 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMedia inclinations, whether favorable or biased, play a pivotal role in shaping public opinion. Sometimes, media coverage may unintentionally foster skepticism towards foreign firms, which could create challenges for those companies when they enter new markets. Based on a panel dataset from 2005 to 2020, this is one of the first studies to investigate empirically the impact of media opinion on outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) behaviors at the firm level. The media inclination index was constructed according to the varying inclinations of media from different countries in their reporting on each event. We examined the impact of media inclination on the investment value, frequency, and number of industries. This study has revealed the following insights: (i) Positive media coverage can stimulate the investment behavior of Chinese firms. (ii) The heterogeneity analysis indicates that the promotional effect of media reporting inclination on OFDI is more significant for state‐owned firms from the investor's perspective and especially pronounced for firms in developing countries from the investee's perspective. (iii) Diplomatic visits and scientific research cooperation can amplify the positive impact of media opinions on the OFDI behaviors of Chinese firms.
Academic skills in children with cerebral palsy and specific learning disorders
Authors: Micheletti Serena , Galli Jessica , Vezzoli Marika , Scaglioni Vera , Agostini Stefania , Calza Stefano , Merabet Lotfi B. , Fazzi Elisa 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAimTo investigate the prevalence and clinical manifestations of reading, writing, and mathematics disorders in children with cerebral palsy (CP). We explored how the clinical profile of these children differed from those with specific learning disorders (SLDs), taking into account several factors, particularly IQ scores, neuropsychological aspects, and the presence of a visual impairment.MethodA prospective cross‐sectional study was conducted in 42 children with CP (mean age 9 years 8 months; SD = 2 years 2 months) and 60 children with SLDs (mean age 10 years; SD = 1 year 7 months). Clinical characteristics, neuromotor and cognitive profiles, neuropsychological aspects (speech performance, academic skills, visual attention, phonological awareness, working memory), and signs of visual impairment (visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, visual field, oculomotor functions) were assessed. A machine learning approach consisting of a random forest algorithm, where the outcome was the diagnosis and the covariates were the clinical variables collected in the sample, was used for the analyses.ResultsAbout 59% of the children with CP had reading, writing, or mathematics disorders. Children with CP with learning disorders had a low performance IQ, normal phonological awareness, and working memory difficulties, whereas children with SLDs had normal performance IQ, impaired phonological awareness, and mild working memory difficulties. There were no differences in verbal IQ between the two groups.InterpretationLearning disorders are frequently associated with CP, with different clinical characteristics, compared with SLDs. Assessment of academic skills is mandatory in these children, even if the IQ is normal. At school age, specific interventions to promote academic skills in children with CP could be a major rehabilitative goal.What this paper adds
Reading, writing, and mathematics disorders in cerebral palsy have specific clinical characteristics.
Their underlying mechanisms differ from those described in specific learning disorders.
Working memory impairment can be considered a hallmark of learning disorders in children with cerebral palsy.
Abnormal connectivity and activation during audiovisual speech perception in schizophrenia
Authors: Hirano Yoji , Nakamura Itta , Tamura Shunsuke 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe unconscious integration of vocal and facial cues during speech perception facilitates face‐to‐face communication. Recent studies have provided substantial behavioural evidence concerning impairments in audiovisual (AV) speech perception in schizophrenia. However, the specific neurophysiological mechanism underlying these deficits remains unknown. Here, we investigated activities and connectivities centered on the auditory cortex during AV speech perception in schizophrenia. Using magnetoencephalography, we recorded and analysed event‐related fields in response to auditory (A: voice), visual (V: face) and AV (voice–face) stimuli in 23 schizophrenia patients (13 males) and 22 healthy controls (13 males). The functional connectivity associated with the subadditive response to AV stimulus (i.e., [AV] < [A] + [V]) was also compared between the two groups. Within the healthy control group, [AV] activity was smaller than the sum of [A] and [V] at latencies of approximately 100 ms in the posterior ramus of the lateral sulcus in only the left hemisphere, demonstrating a subadditive N1m effect. Conversely, the schizophrenia group did not show such a subadditive response. Furthermore, weaker functional connectivity from the posterior ramus of the lateral sulcus of the left hemisphere to the fusiform gyrus of the right hemisphere was observed in schizophrenia. Notably, this weakened connectivity was associated with the severity of negative symptoms. These results demonstrate abnormalities in connectivity between speech‐ and face‐related cortical areas in schizophrenia. This aberrant subadditive response and connectivity deficits for integrating speech and facial information may be the neural basis of social communication dysfunctions in schizophrenia.
Managing the permanent temporariness of prolonged migration: The role of local and transnational care circulation among Argentine temporary migrants in Australia
Authors: Dewey Bernardo , Baldassar Loretta , Fozdar Farida 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn the past two decades, Australia has shifted from being a settler nation that promoted state‐supported permanent migration to one where the scale and relative importance of temporary migration schemes have grown significantly. In 2017, Australia was the second largest issuing country of temporary visa permits after the United States, with temporary migrants applying, on average, for 3.3 temporary visas and spending 6.4 years in this multi‐step visa journey to achieve permanent residency . As part of a broader research project on the social implications of temporary migration programs, we examine how Argentine temporary migrants exchange care to navigate temporary visa restrictions and the permanent temporariness in which they live. Our central argument is that transnational and local expressions, practices, and processes of care are co‐constituted in particularistic temporary migrant care configurations that facilitate prolonged migration projects and continuity of care over time, despite the precarity that permanent temporariness brings. Drawing on extensive ethnographic fieldwork among Argentine temporary migrants, we illustrate the dynamics in which economic, accommodation, personal, practical, emotional and moral care is exchanged. The findings reveal the central role that transnational economic and practical as well as local, including local virtual, proximity care has in the everyday lives of Argentine temporary migrants. Ironically, their fragile temporariness may be an incentive to develop local support networks or maintain strong transnational ties to survive living in limbo.
Comorbidity of Myasthenia gravis and Graves' disease as immune reconstitution‐associated autoimmune disease in HIV infection: A case report and literature review
Authors: Lu Lianfeng , Ma Yanan , Cong Yang , Zhou Baotong , Chen Yeye , Niu Jingwen , He Yun , Cao Wei , Li Taisheng 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundComorbidity of Myasthenia gravis (MG) and Graves' disease (GD) in treated HIV‐infected individuals has rarely been described and little study has been done on the link between HIV‐related immune reconstitution and autoimmune diseases occurring post antiretroviral therapy.Case PresentationHere we report on a 33‐year‐old Chinese man with HIV infection who had been virologically suppressed since 2018. The patient was diagnosed with GD and was treated in 2020. Early in 2022, he developed fluctuating weakness and fatigue involving the bilateral extraocular muscles and limbs. With a positive neostigmine test, he was considered to have MG, but showed a poor response to oral medication. After multiple failed medication attempts, a thymectomy was finally performed to resolve his symptoms. The consecutive onset of immunological events may have partially resulted from immune reconstitution after viral control.ConclusionsThis is a rare case of HIV‐related immune reconstitution‐associated autoimmune disease (IRAD) with comorbidity of MG and GD which was reported initially. Cooperation with multidisciplinary teams is essential to avoid misdiagnosis and to promote the overall health of HIV‐infected patients.
Clinical significance and management of low‐level HIV viremia in the era of integrase strand transfer inhibitors
Authors: Shi Jinchuan , Ying Gaoxiang , Zheng Rongrong , Zhang Zhongdong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundPeople living with HIV (PLWH) and receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) have a goal of achieving and maintaining viral suppression; however, the existence of PLWH that show events of low‐level viremia (LLV) between 50 and 1000 copies/mL and with different virological consequences have been observed. Moreover, some reports indicate that LLV status can lead to residual immune activation and inflammation, leading to a higher occurrence of non‐AIDS‐defining events (nADEs) and other adverse clinical outcomes. Until now, however, published data have shown controversial results that hinder understanding of this phenomenon's actual cause(s) and origin(s). Integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs)‐based therapies could lead to lower LLV over time and, therefore, more effective virological control.ObjectivesThis review aims to assess recent findings to provide a view of the clinical significance and management of low‐level HIV viremia in the era of INSTIs.
Body mass index and visual impairment in Israeli adolescents: A nationwide study
Authors: Nitzan Itay , Shakarchy Nitzan , Megreli Jacob , Akavian Inbal , Derazne Estela , Afek Arnon , Peled Alon 
Published: November 2023

SummaryBackgroundPrevious research on the association between body mass index (BMI) and visual impairment (VI) in youth has reported inconsistent findings. We aimed to investigate this association in a national cohort of Israeli adolescents.MethodsThis retrospective, population‐based, cross‐sectional study included 1 697 060 adolescents (56.4% men; mean age 17 years) who underwent mandatory pre‐military service assessments from 1993 to 2017. BMI was classified based on the US age‐ and sex‐matched percentiles. Unilateral or bilateral VI was classified as best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA) worse than 6/9 in either or both eyes, respectively. Sex‐stratified regression models adjusted for sociodemographic variables were used to analyse the BMI‐VI relationship.ResultsOverall, 17 871 (1.05%) and 5148 (0.30%) adolescents had unilateral and bilateral VI, respectively. Compared with high‐normal BMI (50th to 85th percentile), adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for unilateral and bilateral VI gradually increased with higher BMI, reaching 1.33 (1.13–1.55) and 1.80 (1.37–2.35) in men with severe obesity, and 1.51 (1.24–1.84) and 1.52 (1.08–2.14) in women with severe obesity, respectively. Men with underweight also had increased ORs for unilateral and bilateral VI (1.23; 1.14–1.33 and 1.59; 1.37–1.84, respectively), a pattern not observed in women (0.96; 0.86–1.07 and 1.02; 0.83–1.25, respectively). Results were maintained when the outcome was restricted to mild VI, as well as in subgroups of adolescents with unimpaired health and those without moderate‐to‐severe myopia.ConclusionsAbnormal BMI, and particularly obesity, is associated with increased OR for VI in late adolescence.