bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decreased salivary gland function in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis
Authors: Chang Cheng‐Pei , Shiau Yu‐Chien , Wang Jhi‐Joung , Ho Shung‐Tai , Kao Chia‐Hung 
Published: January 2003

AbstractBackground/Aims.It has been speculated that impaired salivary flow contributes to autoimmune thyroiditis (chronic thyroiditis, Hashimoto's thyroiditis). To test this hypothesis, salivary function was measured by quantitative salivary scintigraphy in autoimmune thyroiditis patients, as well as in age‐ and gender‐matched controls for comparison.Methodology.One hundred and twenty patients with an autoimmune thyroiditis history of more than 10 years each and 36 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. All the 120 autoimmune thyroiditis patients had good blood sugar control. None had autonomic neuropathy. These 120 autoimmune thyroiditis patients were separated into two subgroups: group 1, 60 patients with xerostomia; and group 2, 60 patients without xerostomia. After intravenous injection of 5 mCi Tc‐99m pertechnetate, sequential images at 1 min/frame were acquired for 30 min. The first‐ and 15th‐minute uptake ratios (UR) were calculated from the tracer uptakes in the four major salivary glands over the background regions of interest (ROIs). Saliva excretion was stimulated by 1 tablet of 200 mg ascorbic acid given orally 15 min after injection of the tracer. Then, the maximal excretion ratios (ER) of the four major salivary glands after sialagogue stimulation were calculated.Results.Impaired salivary function, represented by significantly decreased UR and ER values, in autoimmune thyroiditis patients with xerostomia was demonstrated in this study. In addition, there was a significantly higher prevalence of salivary gland dysfunction in group 1 patients than in group 2 patients.Conclusions.Significantly poorer salivary function was found in autoimmune thyroiditis patients with xerostomia compared with autoimmune thyroiditis patients without xerostomia and healthy controls by means of objective and quantitative salivary scintigraphy. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 25: 132–137, 2003
A novel mutation in the SDHD gene in a family with inherited paragangliomas—implications of genetic diagnosis for follow up and treatment
Authors: Renard Laurette , Godfraind Catherine , Boon Laurence M. , Vikkula Miikka 
Published: January 2003

AbstractBackground.Early detection of paragangliomas (PGs) has been linked to low morbidity after surgical resection. Recent identification of causative genes (SDHB, SDHC, and SDHD) has made it possible to detect individuals at high risk for tumors.Methods.We identified a three‐generation family, with four individuals affected with PGs. Because pedigree analysis suggested maternal imprinting (the phenotype is present only if inherited through the paternal line), the SDHD gene (PGL1) was screened.Results.A novel mutation that causes skipping of exon 3 was identified. Ten of the seventeen tested individuals carried the mutation. All six clinically unaffected individuals inherited the mutation from their mother. Five of them are men, with a 50% risk for affected progeny.Conclusions.To allow early treatment with low morbidity, genetic counseling is needed when familial paraganglioma is suspected. Asymptomatic carriers should be followed by cervical MRI. In addition, because pheochromocytomas may occur, catecholamine excretion can be performed. This screening should probably be proposed at 5 to 10 years of age. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 25: 146–151, 2003
Posttraumatic stress symptoms in Croatian children exposed to war: A prospective study
Authors: Kuterovac‐Jagodić Gordana 
Published: January 2003

AbstractThis study examined symptoms of posttraumatic stress in 252 school‐aged children from Osijek, Croatia, which was subjected to massive military attacks from Yugoslavian forces. The children's symptoms were assessed in 1994 while the war was still going on and 30 months later when the war was over. In addition to changes in posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms over time, the study examined the predictive power of (a) different types and number of war traumata, (b) loss of social community, (c) the children's demographic characteristics (age and gender), (d) types of coping strategies and locus of control, and (e) the perceived availability of different kinds of social support. Although symptoms of posttraumatic stress declined over time, 10% of the children reported a severe level of symptomatology 30 months after the war. The results supported the hypothesized predictive power of all investigated factors for predicting short‐ and long‐term posttraumatic stress reactions. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 59: 9–25, 2003.
Determinants of posttraumatic adjustment in adolescents from Sarajevo who experienced war
Authors: Duraković‐Belko Elvira , Kulenović Alija , Dapić Renko 
Published: January 2003

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine risk and protective factors of postwar adjustment among adolescents from Sarajevo who have been exposed to war traumas during the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina. More specifically, we wanted to examine differential linkages between Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms and depression (as outcomes) and (a) war traumas, (b) individual and socioenvironmental factors, and (c) cognitive appraisals and coping mechanisms. Results of hierarchical multiple regression analyses indicate that dimensions of war traumas, individual characteristics, and cognitive appraisals and coping mechanisms play a significant role in determining who will have more serious PTSD symptoms. Although individual and socioenvironmental factors are the strongest predictors of depression, dimensions of war traumas also are significantly correlated with depressive symptoms. Common risk factors for more serious depression and PTSD symptoms in postwar adjustment were female gender and low optimism. While the strongest predictor of posttraumatic stress reactions (PTSR) was trauma experience in the category of loss, the strongest predictor of depressive symptoms was female gender. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 59: 27–40, 2003.
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder three years after the siege of Sarajevo
Authors: Rosner Rita , Powell Steve , Butollo Willi 
Published: January 2003

AbstractThe goals of this study were to estimate the lifetime prevalence of traumatic events, the current prevalence of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), and the connection between the kinds of traumatic events experienced and the probability of developing PTSD in three study samples in Sarajevo, Bosnia‐Herzegovina, three years after the end of the war. A total of 311 people surviving the siege of Sarajevo were assessed with the Checklist for War Related Experiences (CWE) and an adapted version of the Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale (PDS). The study groups consisted of a randomly selected residents sample (n = 98), a group of individuals in psychological treatment (n = 114), and a group in medical treatment (n = 99). Each individual survived an average of 24 traumatic events. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed. (DSM‐IV; American Psychiatric Association, 1994) criteria, 18.6% of individuals in the residents sample, 32.7% of those in medical treatment, and 38.6% of those in psychological treatment developed PTSD. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 59: 41–55, 2003.
Posttraumatic growth after war: A study with former refugees and displaced people in Sarajevo
Authors: Powell Steve , Rosner Rita , Butollo Willi , Tedeschi Richard G. , Calhoun Lawrence G. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractResearch carried out with survivors of a variety of different traumata indicates that a large proportion of them perceive positive changes in themselves after the trauma. This study investigated whether posttraumatic growth also could be found among people who had been exposed to particularly severe traumata over a period of several years (1991 to 1995) during the war in the area of the former Yugoslavia. Included in the study were two representative samples of adult former refugees and displaced people who lived anywhere in former Yugoslavia before the war and were currently living in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, three and a half years after the war. The main instrument was a new Bosnian translation of the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory. Results indicated some differences in the factor structure as compared with the original instrument. The overall means for the scale were considerably lower than reported in most studies
on other kinds of trauma. Younger people reported considerably more growth than older people. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 59: 71–83, 2003.
Empirical support for interrater reliability of Rorschach Comprehensive System coding
Authors: Viglione Donald J. , Taylor Nicole 
Published: January 2003

AbstractAlthough a great deal of data has been published in the past 20 years supporting the interrater reliability of the Rorschach, recently commentators have raised anew concerns over the interrater reliability of this well‐known and frequently used measure. An analysis of the literature reveals that these concerns are based on a selective review of the literature. The current study reports interrater reliability statistics for 70 interpretive Rorschach variables (n = 84), breaking down intraclass correlations statistics by base rate. Results confirm the strong empirical evidence of the interrater reliability of this measure when scored by a well‐trained and diverse group of researchers and clinicians. Reliability is especially strong and consistent for the high base‐rate variables from which clinicians often base their interpretations. These data further suggest that large samples are needed for stable reliability estimates of low base‐rate variables and that estimates of the reliability of low base‐rate variables are subject to error. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 59: 111–121, 2003.
Detection of intentional sub‐optimal performance on a computerized finger‐tapping task
Authors: Tanner Barry A. , Bowles Richard L. , Tanner Evan L. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractTwenty‐four undergraduates were assigned to two groups to determine if the T3 computerized finger‐tapping task could discriminate between persons motivated to perform optimally and those motivated to perform sub‐optimally. Group HI was instructed to simulate a head‐injured person undergoing an insurance evaluation, whereas group J was instructed to simulate an applicant undergoing a job interview. Group HI tapped slower, demonstrated less fatigue, less similarity between their right‐ and left‐hand performance, and showed less of a speed advantage for the preferred hand. While group HI displayed less variability for the non‐preferred hand, the groups did not differ on variability for the preferred hand. Therefore, the T3 successfully discriminates on multiple measures between persons simulating optimal and sub‐optimal performance. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 59: 123–131, 2003.
Client and therapist reasons for termination: A conceptualization and preliminary validation
Authors: Todd David M. , Deane Frank P. , Bragdon Rodney A. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractWhile the comparison of client and therapist reasons for termination might shed light on their respective views of outcome and process, only one published study has examined directly the reasons given by therapist–client pairs. One barrier to such research is the absence of a systematic conceptualization of reasons for termination that incorporates both therapist and client perspectives. This article describes a comprehensive conceptualization, drawn from the existing literature, and applies a coding system based on that conceptualization to naturalistic clinical data from 123 therapist–client pairs in a psychology training clinic. Coders were able to categorize reliably open‐ended client data into reasons for termination. For therapist and client data, the relationships between coding categories and participants' outcome ratings, generally were consistent with expectations, providing limited validation. Some support was found for concordance between therapist and client reasons, especially for those related to therapist or client departures, which were prominent in this setting. As expected, however, therapists were more likely than clients to endorse success as a reason for termination. Negative client feelings about therapy, including dissatisfaction, were reported infrequently as reasonsfor termination, and with little agreement between clients and therapists, but this may be due to methodological limitations. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 59: 133–147, 2003.
A confirmatory factor analysis of a self‐report version of the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale
Authors: Oakman Jonathan , Van Ameringen Michael , Mancini Catherine , Farvolden Peter 
Published: January 2003

AbstractOne of the most popular measures of social phobia is the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS; Liebowitz, 1987). The LSAS is a 24‐item semi‐structured interview measure of fear and avoidance experienced in a range of social and performance situations. Recently, the LSAS has been modified to a self‐report version (LSAS‐SR) by several independent groups (Cox, Ross, Swinson, & Direnfeld, 1998; Fresco et al., 2001; Mancini, Van Ameringen, & Oakman, 1999). A self‐report version offers ease of administration, but it may differ from the structured interview version in its psychometric properties. We conducted confirmatory factor analyses of the self‐report version of the LSAS using data from a sample of 188 outpatients with anxiety disorders. The structure and psychometric properties of the LSAS‐SR are highly similar to that of the LSAS and robust across groups of patients with a variety of primary anxiety disorders. We argue in favor of adopting the 4‐factor model for the LSAS proposed by Safren et al. (1999) instead of the models implied by the scoring instructions for the LSAS. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 59: 149–161, 2003.
Predicting psychological mindedness from personality style and attachment security
Authors: Beitel Mark , Cecero John J. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractThe aim of this study was to increase the construct validity of the Psychological Mindedness Scale (PM Scale) by investigating its relationship to well‐established measures of personality style (NEO Five‐Factor Inventory) and attachment security (Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment). Personality and attachment variables functioned as differential predictors of psychological mindedness (PM). Openness to Experience emerged as the best predictor of PM, followed by Extraversion, Neuroticism (inversely related to PM), and Attachment to Peers. Neither Attachment to Mother nor Attachment to Father predicted PM. The results of this study indicate that PM is related positively to healthy, rather than pathological, personal and interpersonal constructs. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 59: 163–172, 2003.
Reduction of eddy‐current‐induced distortion in diffusion MRI using a twice‐refocused spin echo
Authors: Reese T.G. , Heid O. , Weisskoff R.M. , Wedeen V.J. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractImage distortion due to field gradient eddy currents can create image artifacts in diffusion‐weighted MR images. These images, acquired by measuring the attenuation of NMR signal due to directionally dependent diffusion, have recently been shown to be useful in the diagnosis and assessment of acute stroke and in mapping of tissue structure. This work presents an improvement on the spin‐echo (SE) diffusion sequence that displays less distortion and consequently improves image quality. Adding a second refocusing pulse provides better image quality with less distortion at no cost in scanning efficiency or effectiveness, and allows more flexible diffusion gradient timing. By adjusting the timing of the diffusion gradients, eddy currents with a single exponential decay constant can be nulled, and eddy currents with similar decay constants can be greatly reduced. This new sequence is demonstrated in phantom measurements and in diffusion anisotropy images of normal human brain. Magn Reson Med 49:177–182, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Does binding of Gd‐DTPA to myocardial tissue contribute to late enhancement in a model of acute myocardial infarction?
Authors: Decking Ulrich K.M. , Pai Vinay M. , Wen Han , Balaban Robert S. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractThe long‐lasting signal enhancement by Gd‐DTPA in areas of myocardial infarction has been conventionally explained by low perfusion and an enhanced Gd distribution volume. To test whether binding of Gd to myocardial constituents is an additional factor contributing to this effect, Gd‐DTPA was allowed to equilibrate between homogenized porcine myocardial tissue and physiological saline. The relaxation rate (1/T1) of homogenate samples (n = 61) increased in proportion (r2 = 0.98) to the Gd concentration (0.025–0.5 mM) of the surrounding medium, with no evidence for augmented uptake. The diffusion‐limited uptake was only slightly more rapid than the subsequent Gd‐release. The amount of Gd released was in line with all of the Gd‐DTPA in the homogenate participating in water proton relaxation. The data from this acute myocardial infarction model do not support the notion that Gd‐DTPA binding in the early stages of myocardial damage contributes to delayed enhancement. Magn Reson Med 49:168–171, 2003. Published 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Multiple‐mouse MRI
Authors: Bock Nicholas A. , Konyer Norman B. , Henkelman R. Mark 
Published: January 2003

AbstractSeveral theoretical parallel‐imaging approaches are evaluated that seek to improve the efficiency of an MRI experiment involving multiple small samples, such as mice. The best method for our mouse phenotyping application is chosen in terms of efficiency and ease of implementation, and the approach is demonstrated at 1.5 T on a clinical scanner with an array of four shielded birdcage coils with four parallel receivers. Electronic interactions between the receiver channels in the system are quantified and a novel sensitivity‐encoding (SENSE)‐like postprocessing method is described to remove the resulting image ghosts. In parallel imaging with a four‐coil array, the time required for three‐dimensional (3D) high‐resolution imaging of four mice is reduced to one‐fourth the time that it would take to image the mice sequentially. Magn Reson Med 49:158–167, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Motion correction in MRI using an apparatus for dynamic angular position tracking (ADAPT)
Authors: Peshkovsky A. , Knuth K.H. , Helpern J.A. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractMotion during MRI examinations is a serious problem that degrades the quality of the data (images) acquired. Motion can be corrected during the postprocessing of the data; however, this approach is suboptimal and is typically limited to in‐plane or translational motion. An apparatus for dynamic angular position tracking (ADAPT) for prospective angular motion correction has been developed. This application is capable of “tracking” the scanned region of interest by performing dynamic adjustments of orientation of the scanning plane. The operation of the apparatus is based on deuterium MR spectroscopy and does not rely on the use of magnetic field gradients. Orientation‐sensitive deuterium quadrupolar interaction in a single crystal attached to a subject is used to monitor the angular position in magnetic fields. Measurements are performed with an independent spectrometer channel in the background of the MRI scans. This apparatus is very cost‐ and time‐efficient because it utilizes the hardware already available on many spectrometers and can be used in parallel with MRI scans. Potentially, rotations by a fraction of one degree can be easily corrected and the angular position information can be rapidly updated. Magn Reson Med 49:138–143, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Determining and visualizing uncertainty in estimates of fiber orientation from diffusion tensor MRI
Authors: Jones Derek K. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractDiffusion tensor MRI (DT‐MRI) permits determination of the dominant orientation of structured tissue within an image voxel. This has led to the development of 2D graphical methods for representing fiber orientation and DT‐MRI “tractography,” which aims to reconstruct the 3D trajectories of white matter fasciculi. Most contemporary fiber orientation mapping schemes and tractography algorithms employ the directional information contained in the eigenvectors of the diffusion tensor to approximate white matter fiber orientation. However, while the uncertainty associated with every estimate of an eigenvector has long been recognized, no attempts to quantify this uncertainty in vivo have been reported. Here, a method is proposed for determining confidence intervals in fiber orientation from real DT‐MRI data using the bootstrap method. This is used to construct maps of the “cone of uncertainty,” allowing simultaneous viewing of fiber orientation and its uncertainty, and to examine the relationship between orientation uncertainty and tissue anisotropy. Magn Reson Med 49:7–12, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reconstruction after rotational motion
Authors: Atkinson David , Hill Derek L.G. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractPatient rotational motion during a scan causes the k‐space sampling to be both irregular and undersampled. Conventional regridding requires an estimate of the sampling density at each measured point and is not strictly consistent with sampling theory. Here, a 2D problem is converted to a series of 1D regriddings by exact interpolation along the measured readouts. Each 1D regridding, expressed in matrix form, requires a matrix inversion to gain an exact solution. Undersampled regions make the matrix ill‐conditioned but summing the matrix columns (without inversion) indicates the undersampled regions. The missing data could be reacquired, but in this study it is estimated using a Delaunay triangle‐based linear interpolation on the original 2D data. The matrix conditioning is improved, leading to images with reduced artifacts compared to other regridding schemes. Furthermore, there is no requirement to estimate a density compensation function at each of the measured points. Magn Reson Med 49:183–187, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interventional MRA using actively visualized catheters, TrueFISP, and real‐time image fusion
Authors: Quick Harald H. , Kuehl Hilmar , Kaiser Gernot , Hornscheidt Dirk , Mikolajczyk Krzysztof P. , Aker Stephanie , Debatin Jörg F. , Ladd Mark E. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractAn integrated system for performing interventional magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) with actively visualized instruments and real‐time image fusion was implemented on a 1.5 T scanner. True fast imaging with steady precession (TrueFISP) imaging provided high acquisition speed paired with high signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) and contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR) for the simultaneous visualization of active instruments and arterial morphology. The system enabled simultaneous image reconstruction and image postprocessing of multiple receiver channels, with subsequent image fusion display in real time. Optional interleaved image acquisition in two planes provided additional important information for biplanar instrument guidance. Various vascular interventions, including selective catheterization and subsequent selective MRA of the abdominal aorta, renal arteries, superior mesenteric artery (SMA), hepatic artery, and aortic arch, were performed on 10 pigs under MR guidance. In terms of instrument contrast, image acquisition, reconstruction, and fusion speed, the setup represents a powerful platform for performing interventional MRA procedures. Magn Reson Med 49:129–137, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.