bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence and Risk factors of Intraoperative Hyperglycemia in Non-diabetic Patients: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Regmi Gunjan , Khanal Kanak , Arjyal Batsalya , Pyakurel Kumud , Shahi Rejina , Bohara Chetan 
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Intraoperative hyperglycemia is recognized as a significant concern, being associated with various complications such as surgical site infection, cardiovascular events, kidney injury, stroke, and even death. These complications can occur in both diabetic and non-diabetic patients. However, previous studies have not fully established the incidence and risk factors of intraoperative hyperglycemia in non-diabetic patients.
Objectives: The primary objective was to find the incidence of intraoperative hyperglycemia in non-diabetic patients. The independent risk factors for intraoperative hyperglycemia and the incidence of surgical site infection in patients with intraoperative hyperglycemia were the secondary outcome.
Methodology: A quantitative prospective observational study was performed after IRC approval. Six hundred five non-diabetic patients above 18 years who underwent intermediate- to high-risk surgery were included in the study. For 18 months capillary blood glucose levels were measured in all patients during surgery. Risk factors and postoperative surgical site infection was noted to identify relation and risk factors of intraoperative hyperglycemia.
Results: Seventy-eight (12.9%) patients developed hyperglycemia during surgery. The independent risk factors for intraoperative hyperglycemia were an ASA status ≥3, preoperative impaired fasting blood sugar (OR 20.27, 95%CI:10.19–37.63, p<0.001, intraoperative hypotension (OR 4.6, 95%CI: 2.36–8.97, p < 0.001), intraoperative blood transfusion (OR 4.45, 95%CI: 1.88–10.56, p < 0.001) and steroid use (OR 2.81, 95%CI: 1.38–5.73, p = 0.003). Surgical site infection was higher in patients with intraoperative hyperglycemia compared with patients without intraoperative hyperglycemia (5 [6.8%] vs. 9 [1.7%], respectively, p = 0.010).
Conclusion: Intraoperative hyperglycemia was observed among non-diabetic patients undergoing intermediate- to high-risk surgeries. Patients with risk factors for intraoperative hyperglycemia should undergo close monitoring of their blood glucose levels.
Pengetahuan dan sikap ibu dengan kejadian stunting pada balita
Authors: Sinaga Suharni Pintamas , Barus Lydia , Fadila Fasha 
Published: January 2024

Latar belakang: Masalah stunting pada balita, dapat mempengaruhi pertumbuhan fisik dan perkembangan anak terhambat. Salah satu faktor penyebabnya adalah karena kekurangan nutrisi dan terjadinya infeksi berulang pada anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan dan sikap ibu balita terhadap kejadian stunting.
Metode: Desain penelitian yang digunakan berupa cross-sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah 129 ibu yang memiliki balita. Purposive sampling digunakan untuk memilih 59 ibu balita yang ikut serta dalam penelitian ini. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner, dan dianalisis menggunakan uji Chi square.
Hasil: Prevalensi balita yang mengalami stunting sebanyak 25,4%. Pengetahuan ibu balita paling banyak pada kategori kurang baik yaitu 52,5%, sikap ibu, lebih banyak pada kategori negatif yaitu 62,7%. Pengetahuan (p = 0,030; PR = 3,61; 95% CI 1,136-11,495), dan sikap ibu balita (p = 0,036; PR = 3,86; 95% CI 1,961-15,549) berhubungan signifikan terhadap kejadian stunting. Ibu balita yang berpengetahuan kurang baik, 3,61 kali anak balita cenderung mengalami stunting dibanding dengan ibu yang berpengetahuan baik. Ibu balita yang memiliki sikap negatif, 3,86 kali anak balita cenderung mengalami stunting dibandingkan dengan ibu yang memiliki sikap positif.
Kesimpulan: Penelitian ini menjadi indikasi bahwa pengetahuan ibu yang kurang serta sikap yang negatif merupakan faktor risiko kejadian stunting.
Forecast evaluations in meat demand analysis
Authors: Wang Zijun , Bessler David A. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThis article offers a comparison of short‐term forecasting ability of five demand systems with an application to U.S. meat consumption. Four static demand systems (AIDS, Rotterdam, AIM, and DGM) and a dynamic Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) are considered. We tested the equality of mean square forecast errors. We also investigated the possibility of forecast encompassing among competing models. In general, the dynamic VECM model performed best, followed by the simple causal DGM model. Among three static systems, the AIDS model slightly leads the competition. Furthermore, this article provides the first evidence in literature on whether imposition of homogeneity restrictions on a cointegration space can improve the forecast accuracy of a VECM model: it does when it holds. [EconLit citations: Q10; C53]. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Agribusiness 19: 505–523, 2003.
The Use of Simulation Techniques in Developing Kinetic Models for Polymerization
Authors: Busch M. , Müller M. , Wulkow M. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe demands on simulations of polymerization reactions grow continuously, as do their capabilities. Using two examples it will be demonstrated how the use of detailed kinetic models in such simulations can contribute to the development of experimental strategies for determining rate coefficients, assist in mechanistic analysis and enable feasibility studies about operational strategies. Using the high‐temperature butyl acrylate polymerization as an example, it will be illustrated, based on detailed analytical information, how the kinetic scheme of the butyl acrylate polymerization expands to a complex network of elementary reactions. Based on this model an experimental strategy will be developed for the selective determination of the individual rate coefficients. A comparison of the results from these simulations with experimental data shows that a realization of the developed concept appears to be within reach. The second example is based on a kinetic scheme of the, high‐temperature high‐pressure, polymerization of ethene. In addition, using this kinetic scheme, the capability of nitroxyl species in establishing a controlled radical polymerization mechanism in polymerizations that show high polymerization rates and significant quantities of intra‐ and inter‐molecular branching reactions will be tested. This feasibility study will examine the potential effect a nitroxyl species has on the kinetic mechanism with respect to its stability and the structural characteristics of a polymer that results from such a polymerization.
Mathematical model for turbulent flow, heat transfer, and solidification
Authors: Feng Y.H. , Zhang X.X. , Xu Z.B. , Wang X.H. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractA steady‐state, two‐dimensional numerical model has been used to describe coupled liquid steel's turbulent flow and heat transfer with solidification for Fe‐C binary alloy in a crystallizer of inverse casting. The solid‐liquid phase change phenomena have been modeled by using continuum formulations and considering the mushy zone as porous media. The turbulence flow in the crystallizer has been accounted for using a modified version of the low‐Reynolds‐number κ−ε turbulence model. The flow pattern in the liquid zone and the temperature distribution in the solid, mushy, and liquid regions have been predicted. The numerical analysis indicates that the residence time of the mother sheet in the crystallizer is one of the key parameters. The effects of some other main parameters on the solidification behavior have also been studied, such as the thickness and the initial temperature of the mother sheet, and the superheat degree of liquid steel. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 32(7): 582–592, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.10112
Analytical method of two‐dimensional inverse heat conduction problem using Laplace transformation: Effect of number of measurement points
Authors: Monde Masanori , Arima Hirofumi , Liu Wei , Mitsutake Yuhichi , Hammad J.A. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractAn analytical method has been developed for the inverse problem of two‐dimensional heat conduction using the Laplace transform technique. The inverse problem is solved for only two unknown surface conditions and the other surfaces are insulated in a finite rectangular body. In actual temperature measurement, the number of points in a solid is usually limited so that the number of temperature measurements required to approximate the temperature change in the solid becomes too small to obtain an approximate function using a half polynomial power series of time and the Fourier series of the eigenfunction. In order to compensate for this lack of measurement points, the third‐order Spline method is recommended for interpolating unknown temperatures at locations between measurement points. Eight points are recommended as the minimum number of temperature measurement points. The calculated results for a number of representative cases indicate that the surface temperature and the surface heat flux can be predicted well, as revealed by comparison with the given surface condition. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 32(7): 618–629, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.10116
Characteristics of a single‐layered organic electroluminescent device using a carrier‐transporting copolymer and a nonconjugated light‐emitting polymer
Authors: Lee Chang Ho , Ryu Seung Hoon , Oh Se Young 
Published: October 2003

AbstractWe have synthesized a novel carrier‐transporting copolymer and a nonconjugated light‐emitting polymer. The carrier‐transporting copolymer has a triphenylamine moiety as a hole‐transporting unit and a triazine moiety as an electron‐transporting unit, both of which are located in the polymer side chain. The nonconjugated light‐emitting polymer has a perylene moiety, which acts as an emitting unit in the polymer side chain. These polymers are very soluble in most organic solvents, such as monochlorobenzene, tetrahydrofuran, chloroform, and benzene. A single‐layered electroluminescent device consisting of ITO/copolymer and emitting‐material 4‐(dicyanomethylene)‐2‐methyl‐6‐(4‐dimethylaminostyryl)‐4H‐pyran (DCM) or light‐emitting polymer)/Al mixtures exhibits maximum external quantum efficiency when the concentration of the emitting material is 30 wt %. The device emits red or blue light according to the emitting material. When CsF is used as the electron‐injecting material, the drive voltage decreases drastically to 7 V, and the highest quantum efficiency is 0.5%. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 41: 2733–2743, 2003
High‐performance polymer‐based electrophosphorescent light‐emitting diodes
Authors: Gong Xiong , Ostrowski Jacek C. , Moses Daniel , Bazan Guillermo C. , Heeger Alan J. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractHigh‐performance electrophosphorescent light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) were demonstrated with tris‐[9,9‐dihexyl‐2‐(pyridinyl‐2′) fluorene] iridium(III) [Ir(DPF)3], tris‐{9,9‐dihexyl‐2‐[phenyl‐4′‐(‐pyridin‐2″‐yl)] fluorene} iridium(III) [Ir(DPPF)3], and tris‐[2,5‐bis‐2′‐(9,9′‐dihexylfluorene) iridium] [Ir(HFP)3] as guests and poly(vinylcarbazole) (PVK) blended with 2‐tert‐butylphenyl‐5‐biphenyl‐1,3,4‐oxadiazol (PBD), poly(9,9‐dioctylfluorenyl‐2,7‐diyl) (PFO), and poly(9,9‐dihexylfluorene)‐co‐2,5‐dicyanophenylene (PF3CNP1) as hosts. The devices made with PVK‐PBD exhibited the highest external quantum efficiency (QEext), luminous efficiency (LE) and luminance (L). For example, yellowish green emission from PVK‐PBD doped with Ir(DPF)3 was observed with QEext = 10% ph/el, LE = 36 cd/A, and L > 8300 cd/m2, and red emission from PVK‐PBD doped with Ir(DPPF)3 was observed with QEext = 5% ph/el, LE = 7.2 cd/A, and L > 2700 cd/m2. Red electrophosphorescent LEDs with a low turn‐on voltage (5 V), QEext= 4.5% ph/el, LE = 6.2 cd/A, and L > 1000 cd/m2 were achieved with the conjugated polymer, PFO, as the host and Ir(HFP)3 as the guest. Electrophosphorescent LEDs fabricated with the conjugated copolymer PF3CNP1 doped with Ir(HFP)3 exhibited QEext = 1.5% ph/el and LE = 3 cd/A with L = 2200 cd/m2. These devices exhibited good operational stability under DC drive at room temperature. Förster energy transfer played a minor role in achieving the high efficiencies in these electrophosphorescent devices; direct sequential charge trapping appeared to be the main operating mechanism. These results demonstrated that high‐performance electrophosphorescence can be obtained from polymer‐based LEDs that are fabricated by processing the active materials directly from solution. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 41: 2691–2705, 2003
Temperature dependent photoluminescence in self assembled InAs quantum dot arrays
Authors: Lamba Subhalakshmi , Joshi S. K. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractIn this paper we investigate the competing effects of thermally assisted hopping and radiative recombination of disorder induced spatially localized excitons on the temperature dependent PL spectrum of a self assembled InAs quantum dot array on GaAs. The stationary photoluminescence spectrum due to the lowest exciton state is calculated from a Monte Carlo simulation. We have also included the effect of the narrowing of the band gap with the increase of temperature. Our results on variation of the peak position and linewidth of the PL spectrum with temperature are in agreement with existing experimental results on InAs/GaAs dot arrays.
Phase diagrams and the thermal variations of the order‐parameters in the mixed spin‐1 and spin‐$3 \over 2$ ising model on the Bethe lattice
Authors: Albayrak Erhan 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe mixed spin‐1 and spin‐$3 \over 2$ Blume‐Capel Ising ferromagnetic system (J > 0) with two crystal‐field interactions, DA for spin‐1 and DB for spin‐$3 \over 2$, is studied on the Bethe lattice using the exact recursion equations for the central‐spin with spin‐$3 \over 2$. The exact expressions for the order‐parameters, the Curie temperature and the free energy are obtained in terms of the recursion relations. The phase diagrams on the $\bigg ({{kT_c}\over{J}}, \,{{D_A}\over{J}}\bigg )$ and $\bigg ({{kT_c}\over{J}}, \,{{D_B}\over{J}}\bigg )$ planes are studied for selected values of DB/J and DA/J, respectively, for the coordination numbers q = 3, 4, and 6. Besides the second‐order phase transition lines, the lines of the first‐order phase transitions terminating either at a tricritical point or at an isolated critical point are found. The thermal variations of the order‐parameters are studied with two formulations, both obtained on the Bethe lattice for the mixed spin‐1 and spin‐$3 \over 2$ Ising system using the exact recursion relations, but one with the central‐spin with spin‐1 and the other is for the central‐spin with spin‐$3 \over 2$ for q = 3, thus, it is shown that the choice of the central‐spin on the Bethe lattice has no effect on the phase diagrams.
Possible effect of incommensurate spin fluctuations on the normal state properties of Sr2RuO4
Authors: Lou Ping , Chang Ming‐Che , Wu Wen‐Chin 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe normal‐state transport properties of Sr2RuO4 are investigated for both in and out of RuO2 plane. It is shown that a quantitatively consistent explanation of ρab and ρc can be obtained by assuming that, in addition to normal scattering of the electrons by impurities and the electron–electron scattering, there is a strong coupling between the carriers of γ band and the incommensurate spin fluctuations peaked at Qi = (±0.6, ±0.6) π/a. In order to test this model, we suggest a pressure experiment to be performed. (© 2003 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Atomic models for the ErSi2/Si(111) interface
Authors: Koutentaki E. , Frangis N. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractAtomic models for the ErSi2/Si(111) interface are proposed and studied with computed simulated images, which are compared with experimental HREM ones taken along The calculations were performed for ten different models of the interface. The study reveals the validity of two of those models. The atoms at the interface are at positions and distances compatible with the structures of silicon and the silicide. Evidence is also presented for the existence of other types of interfaces in the system.
Multi‐peak structure of the kinetic‐energy distribution of Na+ desorbed from NaCl during electron irradiation
Authors: Markowski L. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractResults of electron‐stimulated desorption of positive ions measured by the time‐of‐flight method from thin NaCl layers deposited onto Si(111) crystal are presented. The kinetic‐energy distribution of Na+ is characterized by at least a double‐peak structure suggesting desorption by the wave packet squeezing process, proposed recently for Li+ desorption from LiF. Moreover, a delayed Na+ signal is observed, indicating desorption of core‐excited Na** atoms being in metastable autoionizing states.
Nonequilibrium dynamic transition and relevant critical exponents of an Ising spin system subject to an oscillating field
Authors: Shao Y. Z. , Zhong W. R. , Lin G. M. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe non‐equilibrium dynamic transition of an Ising spin system driven by an oscillating field was studied through solving the mean‐field equation of motion based on Glauber dynamics. By approaching the temperature t and the amplitude h0 of the driving field to their critical values tc and h0c simultaneously, we worked out a scaling formula that relates the reduced dynamic order parameter Q/Qmax of the system with both critical temperature tc and critical amplitude h0c, i.e. $Q/Q_{\rm max } \sim ( h_{0{\rm c}} - h_0)^{1/\delta } (t_{\rm c} - t)^\beta$. The two critical exponents were figured out as 1/δ = 0.2000 ± 0.0005 and β = 0.1935 ± 0.0005, respectively. (© 2003 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
NMDA-receptor hypofunction versus excessive synaptic elimination as models of schizophrenia
Authors: Hoffman Ralph E. , McGlashan Thomas H. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractWe propose that the primary cause of schizophrenia is a pathological extension of synaptic pruning involving local connectivity that unfolds ordinarily during adolescence. Computer simulations suggest that this pathology provides reasonable accounts of a range of symptoms in schizophrenia, and is consistent with recent postmortem and genetic studies. NMDA-receptors play a regulatory role in maintaining and/or eliminating cortical synapses, and therefore may play a pathophysiological role.
Is sensory gating a form of cognitive coordination?
Authors: Kisley Michael A. , Davalos Deana B. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractNeurophysiological investigations of the past two decades have consistently demonstrated a deficit in sensory gating associated with schizophrenia. Phillips & Silverstein interpret this impairment as being consistent with cognitive coordination dysfunction. However, the physiological mechanisms that underlie sensory gating have not been shown to involve gamma-band oscillations or NMDA-receptors, both of which are critical neural elements in the cognitive coordination model.
Reconciling schizophrenic deficits in top-down and bottom-up processes: Not yet
Authors: MacDonald Angus W. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThis commentary challenges the authors to use their computational modeling techniques to support one of their central claims: that schizophrenic deficits in bottom-up (Gestalt-type tasks) and top-down (cognitive control tasks) context processing tasks arise from the same dysfunction. Further clarification about the limits of cognitive coordination would also strengthen the hypothesis.
Sequence alignment kernel for recognition of promoter regions
Authors: Gordon Leo , Chervonenkis Alexey Ya. , Gammerman Alex J. , Shahmuradov Ilham A. , Solovyev Victor V. 
Published: October 2003

Abstract
In this paper we propose a new method for recognition of prokaryotic promoter regions with startpoints of transcription. The method is based on Sequence Alignment Kernel, a function reflecting the quantitative measure of match between two sequences. This kernel function is further used in Dual SVM, which performs the recognition.
Several recognition methods have been trained and tested on positive data set, consisting of 669 σ70-promoter regions with known transcription startpoints of Escherichia coli and two negative data sets of 709 examples each, taken from coding and non-coding regions of the same genome. The results show that our method performs well and achieves 16.5% average error rate on positive & coding negative data and 18.6% average error rate on positive & non-coding negative data.
Availability:The demo version of our method is accessible from our website http://mendel.cs.rhul.ac.uk/
ISO 14001 EMS standard registration decisions among Canadian organizations
Authors: Yiridoe Emmanuel K. , Clark J. Stephen , Marett Geb E. , Gordon Robert , Duinker Peter 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThis study characterized the costs and benefits associated with adopting ISO 14001 environmental management system (EMS) standard, based on a survey of ISO 14001‐registered organizations in Canada. Decision makers are contemplating whether it is necessary to register to one or more of the ISO and other international standards and, if so, which ones. Furthermore, an organization that has registered separate departments to different standards and contemplates integrating such standards across the different units may be interested in attributes of particular units that will facilitate integration. Discriminant analysis was conducted to characterize the factors that distinguish between organizations that adopted ISO 14001 alone (single standard), versus those that registered to ISO 14001 along with other quality, health, and safety standards (i.e., multiple standards). The most important factor that motivated adoption to ISO 14001 was to establish a positive environmental profile, thereby promoting goodwill and integrity. Internal factors tended to dominate the motivations for adopting ISO 14001, supporting the hypothesis that external benefits may not be fully realized due to market and policy failure. Internal costs associated with registration depended on the size of the organization and ranged, on average, from CND$17,000 (for organizations with less than 100 employees), to CND$42,000 (for organizations with more than 500 employees). External costs depended more on the type (i.e., sector of the Canadian economy) than on size of the organization. The most important variable that distinguished between Canadian organizations that adopted ISO 14001 alone versus those that adopted ISO 14001 and other standards was whether the organization had an international orientation, that is, those with more than 50% of services or exports to other countries. [EconLit citations: L150, L200, Q290]. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Agribusiness 19: 439–457, 2003.