bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Dilemma of Pharmaceutical Companies in Pakistan: Navigating Price Regulations During a Time of High Inflation
Authors: Mansoor Noman , Warsi Aimen 
Published: November 2023

Dear Madam,
An ever-worsening economic crisis, has hit Pakistan, and the political crisis and recent floods have added to the worsening situation [1]. The inflation rate in Pakistan has hit a record high of 35.4%, leading to the manufacturers’ increase in the cost of essentials and amenities [2]. However, pharmaceuticals have still not been allowed to increase their products’ prices, making it difficult for them to thrive, which has led to their decrease in number over the last few years [3].
Since 2018, the number of foreign pharmaceutical companies in Pakistan has been reduced from 48 to 22. [4]. The local sector is in no better position. Pakistan's pharmaceutical industry has warned that local businesses will have to cease due to extortionate production costs and the devaluation of the rupee, difficulties with imports, and rising inflation [5]. As many as 770 drug manufacturers in Pakistan have been impacted by the medicine shortage crisis consequent to a lack of essential raw products and materials imports [6]. More companies are expected to stop producing medicines owing to high costs in the upcoming days, which may lead to the number of scarce drugs in the country increasing from 500 to 2,500 [7].
Pakistan is the only country with a regulatory authority that controls the prices of all medicines. [8]. This entire situation has created an immense burden for consumers, who are compelled to face the consequence of medicine shortage, forcing them to buy medicines at a much higher cost. The deficit has also led to the production of counterfeit drugs, hurting not only the existing industries but also putting patients’ lives at very high risk. The industry's greatest worry is the complete freezing of pharmaceutical product prices. The government-set pricing structure prevents the pharmaceutical industry from raising the price of any drugs, even those whose costs have increased by more than 100%. With significantly increasing input, associated costs like fuel, electricity, labour, and raw materials have made it difficult for the industry to survive [8].
The government should pay immediate attention to this problem. The Drug Regulatory Authority of Pakistan (DRAP) needs to implement new policies allowing pharmaceutical to increase their products’ prices, ensuring not to overburden consumers with it. DRAP should be strengthened by upgrading to maintain global standards.
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Can the Monkeypox virus pose a potential threat for Pakistan with new emerging cases?
Authors: Haiqa Zulfiqar  , Uzma Aslam  , Yusuf Hasan Ali  
Published: November 2023

Madam,
Monkeypox (MPX) is a viral disease belonging to the orthopoxvirus genus with a clinical presentation strikingly similar to that of smallpox which includes fever, rash and lymphadenopathy [1]. The disease is primarily transmitted through direct contact with an infected person, animal, or contaminated material. Recently, Pakistan reported its first two confirmed cases of Monkeypox, and there has been a global outbreak of over 78,000 people infected [2]. Given the statistics, Pakistan should also take preventive actions to control the country-wide spread of the disease.
The symptoms of the Monkeypox virus usually begin within a week but may range between 1-21 days after the initial exposure. Initial signi in most individuals is a rash beginning on the face and eventually spreading over the body extending to the palms and soles. The distinct lesions typically appear in stages, beginning with macular, then papular, then vesicular and eventually pustular. Moreover, there can be serious complications including pneumonitis, encephalitis, sight-threatening keratitis and secondary bacterial infections [3]. Cases in the current outbreak have been atypical, with the characteristic rash starting in the genital and perianal areas with or without dissemination to other body parts[4]. The clinical recognition of Monkeypox can be challenging especially in resource-poor endemic regions. Diagnosis is usually done through identification of viral DNA by collecting swabs from the crusts of lesions. According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), no specific vaccine or treatment for the Monkeypox virus is currently available.[5]
Prevention is better than cure, it is important to highlight the need for better surveillance and early detection systems nationwide. Promoting campaigns on both small and large scales is crucial to raise awareness about the disease. These campaigns can include awareness sessions in educational institutions and setting up roadside camps in high-risk areas. The public should be advised to take necessary precautions to protect themselves and their communities by restraining contact with infected individuals and practicing isolation if infection is suspected. Front- line health officials are particularly vulnerable and should follow strict standard operating procedures, while airports should be closely monitored for potential cases. While the world is still challenged by the COVID19 pandemic, the emergence of new outbreak by monkeypox virus has raised concerns and therefore, it is high time for the government to plan and implement appropriate actions on emergency basis to control the spread of this disease.
Assignments are getting more visual: introducing strategies for developing visual literacy in our students
Authors: Bartram Jacqui Ann 
Published: November 2023

For decades (even centuries), university has been dominated by text-based assessments. However, things are changing. With the massive increase in visual communication in society, and with an acknowledgement that diverse assessments allow a more diverse student body to thrive, there is a gradual, but noticeable, increase in visually-rich assessment types being set. Whilst traditional academic presentations and posters have the potential to develop some basic visual communication skills, assessments such as infographics, blogs, magazine articles, and posters aimed at the general public require higher levels of visual literacy. This means learning developers may need to improve their own strategies for supporting students with such assignments and ensure that our practices allow all students, especially those who struggle with text-based assessments, to shine (see Bartram, 2021).

Following on from calls at the last conference for practical ways to develop visual literacy, this workshop has been designed to introduce some tried and tested learning development activities that can support the development of the practices and approaches needed when undertaking visually-rich assignments. The activities consider the Framework for Visual Literacy (ACRL, 2022), specifically helping students to:

be aware that they are participating in a changing visual environment,
understand how images can communicate information both effectively and affectively,
approach images with criticality,
work with images sensitively and ethically.

The workshop provided opportunities for more experienced participants to share ideas and activities that they have already used that develop any of the knowledge practices and dispositions from the Framework. In addition, we brainstormed new ways that these can be incorporated into our general learning development practices. Both participants who are new to developing visual literacy and those who are already involved in this area were able therefore to take away new ideas to try in their own context.
Together in electric dreams: Inventing an online asynchronous Community of Practice for Learning Developers working with health students
Authors: Langford Anne-Marie , Hudson Karen 
Published: November 2023

The creation of a virtual community of practice (vCOP) is a way to bring Learning Developers in different institutions together to create opportunities for collaboration and a sense of community which may help educators to overcome a sense of isolation as well as limited time and resources (Yarris et al., 2019). The development of LDHealthCOP (Learning Developers Health Community of Practice) unintentionally aligned with Wenger’s (2000) social definition of learning and three modes of belonging: engagement, imagination, and alignment. The group formed to explore how to improve Learning Development (LD) practice for Health students at our institutions. Students on health programmes are often from ‘under-represented’ and ‘non-traditional’ groups which pose particular challenges. It has a crowd sourced co-created programme of monthly talks and activities where practitioners pose each other topic questions to enable discussion and share ideas or resources. Using technology to gather together and ‘connect over their craft’ (Yarris et al., 2019) enables members to transcend the boundaries of space and time allowing members to ‘meet’ when and where they are, creating a unique sense of flexibility (Knapp, 1998 cited in Valenti and Sutton, 2020).
This session shared how the vCOP has been developed, linking theory with practice to address the specific challenges faced by Health Care students. The following themes were covered at the session:

Areas of exploration or challenge for a Health and Social Care vCOP.
Methods of engagement with the vCOP, including demonstration of collaborative Padlet resources.
Reflection on the benefits and pitfalls of sharing knowledge and experience asynchronously.
Participants gained an insight into the workings of a vCOP which may inspire them to: join us, join another ALDinHE community of practice or create their own.
Impact assessment of academic support provided by tertiary learning advisors
Authors: Malik Mona 
Published: November 2023

In New Zealand higher education (HE), there is a lack of consistent ways of collecting evidence of the impact made by academic literacy support from Tertiary Learning Advisors (TLAs) on students’ academic performance, retention, and success. TLAs in New Zealand and Australia are primarily involved in providing learning support to students in post-secondary education to encourage development of their academic literacy and essential study skills. They are professional educators who advise students on issues related to academic writing and other academic skills, such as time management or exam preparation, to facilitate achievement of students’ goals of tertiary study (Griffith University, 2021). While it may be recognised that provision of learning support is desirable for a meaningful and successful HE experience for many students, hard evidence that learning support makes a difference to student retention and academic performance is difficult to find (Acheson, 2006, as cited in Breen and Prothero, 2015).

This presentation sought to share an attempt to address this issue by investigating the impact of embedded academic literacy support provided by TLAs to three cohorts of students enrolled in undergraduate social work and early childhood education programs at my ITP (Institute of Technology and Polytechnic) in Auckland, New Zealand. Existing research in Australia, Canada, and the United Kingdom suggests that support that embeds academic literacy development in disciplines, rather than academic support that is generic and/or provided through foundation courses, represents a best practice model (Glew et al., 2019).
Integrating education for sustainable development in learning development practice within a university humanities and social sciences faculty
Authors: Parry Thompson Rhiannon 
Published: November 2023

This talk focused on a Learning Development (LD) approach to the integration of Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) in the production and delivery of self-directed and classroom LD resources within a department under a humanities and social sciences faculty. This was partly a response to a recently published framework for ESD in higher education (Advance HE, 2021) which encouraged students and staff, across disciplines and service areas, to identify their potential in advancing sustainability in their institutions and wider communities. ESD as ‘a lens that permits us to look critically at how the world is and to envision how it might be and equips us to deliver that vision’ implements and embeds pedagogies, enabling students to discern their roles in addressing ‘integrity, social justice and economic prosperity’ (Advance HE, 2021).

The role of universities in contributing to the United Nation’s Global Sustainable Development Goals (UNDP, 2022) through research, teaching, skills development, and civic engagement, in positioning ESD strategically across the curriculum, and student expectations around ESD and SDG learning opportunities (SOS-UK, 2020) provided additional context for this session.

The talk included a succinct overview of ESD in higher education and, informed by the author’s practice, a concise explanation of the distinctive role of LD in contributing to the integration of ESD within the formal and informal curricula. This was illustrated by presenting self-produced materials (or, reflecting participatory practice principles, co-produced with students or colleagues), based on a range of sustainability themes, and focusing on such skills areas as critical reflection, communication, collaborative learning and research. The observed impact on students from different subject areas, working collaboratively to apply academic skills to real-world challenges was addressed.
Embedded high-impact ESD in LD fosters students’ green literacy skills, enabling them, when they transition out of higher education, to build, and maintain environmentally and socially just communities and workplaces. A comprehensive resource document, with example material, will be hosted on Learn Higher.
Going beyond remedial learning support: reframing learning development as a catalyst for practice learning. A case study exploring father involvement in social work education.
Authors: Brazant Kevin 
Published: November 2023

This conference paper presents Learning Development as transcending remedial and deficit notions of academic support. A Learning Developer based at London Metropolitan University, presents a case study that illustrates the values and impact of Learning Development and Praxis.
This research project piloted a Problem Based Learning (PBL) methodology in the curriculum area of Social Work. The project worked in collaboration with social work students, lecturers and university partners between 2019 to 2021. This session may be of particular interest to those working with students in the social professions and work based learning courses.
Key challenges and implications for practice:

Subject specialists seeing the Learning Developer role as one of ‘fixing students’.
Potential of Problem Based Learning as part of accredited Social Work courses.
Integrating Learning Development; embedded vs bolt on quick fixes.
Learning Development as scaffolding reflective writing practice.

The project overcame these issues with a reach that rippled across six north east London Local Authorities as part of a Teaching Partnership. It has also been included as a topical issue for reflection, titled: ‘Promoting Positive Father Involvement’ as part of modules in practice learning. Both students and staff engaged in a workshop programme that scaffolded a dialogue between them, addressing issues of father engagement as part of practice.
Students were able to synthesise themes of theory, policy, legislation and its application to practice. As a result, some students developed substantial case studies at both level 5 and 6, and these even informed their later dissertations and research projects. This demonstrates the social value and wider impact that Learning Development has had on improving outcomes for not only students, but fathers, children and their families.
Establishing the Gap Between Manually Picked and the Predicted Seismic Velocity
Authors: Tripathi Vikash , Baron Michael 
Published: November 2023

In exploration seismic, the seismic velocity is the key to delineating many physical properties of the subsurface. There are ways to calculate the velocity and, most popularly, it is picked manually for any seismic project. The velocity picking method has a few limitations when it comes to its quality, time consumption in this process, and the money spent during the whole work. The main objective of this paper is to provide velocity estimation of the respective region (three-dimensional seismic) derived from the velocity field available in the region from a few 2D seismic lines. The purpose is to avoid manual velocity picking errors and make the overall velocity in the region more geologically consistent with the surrounding data. Even more importantly, a seismic velocity volume assessment model created through this technique can also support any future 3D seismic imaging.

Received: 21 August 2023 | Revised: 27 September 2023 | Accepted: 1 November 2023

Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to this work.

Data Availability Statement
The data that support the findings of this study are openly available in [Australian Government] at https://www.finance.gov.au/government/public-data/public-data-policy-initiatives.

Author Contribution Statement
Vikash Tripathi: Conceptualization, Methodology, Software, Validation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Resources, Data curation, Writing - original draft, Visualization. Michael Baron: Conceptualization, Methodology, Validation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Resources, Data curation, Writing - review & editing, Supervision, Project administration.
Pengaruh Karakteristik Lansia Terhadap Tingkat Literasi Kesehatan Pasien Hipertensi di Puskesmas Sumbang 1 Kabupaten Banyumas
Authors: Putri Dwi Rizki Ramadina , Susanti Indri Heri , Yanti Linda 
Published: November 2023

Literasi kesehatan yang rendah memiliki dampak akan mengalami kesulitan dalam memahami prosedur atau pelayanan kesehatan yang harus dilakukan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh karakteristik lansia terhadap tingkat literasi kesehatan pasien hipertensi di Puskesmas Sumbang 1 Kabupaten Banyumas. Jenis penelitian ini adalah menggunakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan analisis data Chi-Square. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan cross-sectional. Metode pengambilan sampel menggunakan total sampling sebanyak 51 lansia dengan hipertensi. Data dikumpulkan dengan mengisi kuesioner Health Literacy Scale European Union 16 Question (HLS-EU-Q16). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh karakteristik lansia terhadap tingkat literasi kesehatan yang terdiri dari usia dan jenis kelamin, sehingga tingkat literasi kesehatan lansia di Puskesmas Sumbang 1 Kabupaten Banyumas berada pada kategori adekuat.
Challenges and solutions in determining dilution ratios and emission factors from chase measurements of passenger vehicles
Authors: Leinonen Ville , Olin Miska , Martikainen Sampsa , Karjalainen Panu , Mikkonen Santtu 
Published: November 2023

Abstract. Vehicle chase measurements used for studying real-world emissions apply various methods for calculating emission factors. Currently available methods are typically based on the dilution of emitted carbon dioxide (CO2) and the assumption that other emitted pollutants dilute similarly. A problem with the current methods arises when the studied vehicle is not producing CO2, e.g. during engine-motoring events, such as on downhill sections. This problem is also encountered when studying non-exhaust particulate emissions, e.g. from electric vehicles. In this study, we compare multiple methods previously applied for determining the dilution ratios. Additionally, we present a method applying multivariate adaptive regression splines and a new method called near-wake dilution. We show that emission factors for particulate emissions calculated with both methods are in line with the current methods for vehicles producing CO2. In downhill sections, the new methods were more robust to low CO2 concentrations than some of the current methods. The methods introduced in this study can hence be applied in chase measurements with changing driving conditions and be possibly extended to estimate non-exhaust emissions in the future.
Benefits of a robotic chamber system for determining evapotranspiration in an erosion-affected, heterogeneous cropland
Authors: Dahlmann Adrian , Hoffmann Mathias , Verch Gernot , Schmidt Marten , Sommer Michael , Augustin Jürgen , Dubbert Maren 
Published: November 2023

Abstract. In the light of the ongoing global climate crisis and the related increases in extreme hydrological events, it is crucial to assess ecosystem resilience and – in agricultural systems – to ensure sustainable management and food security. For this purpose, a comprehensive understanding of ecosystem water cycle budgets and spatiotemporal dynamics is indispensable. Evapotranspiration (ET) plays a pivotal role in returning up to 90 % of incoming precipitation back to the atmosphere. Here, we studied the impacts of soil types and management on an agroecosystem's seasonal cumulative ET (ETsum) and agronomic water use efficiency (WUEagro, the dry matter per unit of water used by the crop). To do so, a plot experiment with winter rye (17 September 2020 to 30 June 2021) was conducted in an eroded cropland which is located in the hilly and dry ground moraine landscape of the Uckermark region in northeastern Germany. Along the experimental plot (110 m × 16 m), two closed chambers were mounted on a robotic gantry crane system (FluxCrane as part of the AgroFlux platform) and used to determine ET. Three soil types representing the full soil erosion gradient related to the hummocky ground moraine landscape (extremely eroded: Calcaric Regosol; strongly eroded: Nudiargic Luvisol; non-eroded: Calcic Luvisol) and additional topsoil dilution (topsoil removal and subsoil admixture) were investigated (randomized block design, three replicates per treatment). Five different modeling approaches were used and compared in the light of their potential for reliable ETsum over the entire crop cultivation period and to reproduce short-term (e.g., diurnal) water flux dynamics. While machine-learning approaches such as support vector machines (SVMs) and artificial neural networks (with Bayesian regularization; ANN_BR) generally performed well during calibration, SVMs also provided a satisfactory prediction of measured ET during validation (k-fold cross-validation, k=5). We found significant differences in dry biomass (DM) and small trends in ETsum between soil types, resulting in different WUEagro. The extremely eroded Calcaric Regosol showed an up to 46 % lower ETsum and up to 54 % lower WUEagro compared to the non-eroded Calcic Luvisol. The key period contributing to 70 % of ETsum spanned the beginning of stem elongation in April to the harvest in June. However, differences in the ETsum between soil types and topsoil dilution resulted predominantly from small differences between the treatments throughout the cultivation rather than only during this short period of time.