bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Healing in the Atonement: A Johannine Perspective
Authors: Thomas John 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThis study advances a fresh approach to the doctrine that physical healing is provided in the atonement of Jesus—a belief common among Pentecostals around the world, but often supported by a small number of proof-texts (esp. Mt. 8.16-17 and 2 Pet. 2.24). Specifically, the study explores the ways in which the Fourth Gospel affirms the connection between healing and salvation and suggests additional ways to reflect upon this issue, thereby making a small contribution to the revisioning of this doctrine. This study includes the following components. First, it offers a reading of the accounts of healing found within the Fourth Gospel in order to ascertain the level of explicit connection between healing and salvation within these stories. Second, it explores the significance of the narrative location of the signs of healing and their relationship to explicit textual referents to Jesus’ exaltation upon the cross. Third, it offers a couple of observations on other portions of the Fourth Gospel that might be of some relevance to this topic. Fourth, it explores this topic further by listening to readings (‘testimonies’) from early Pentecostalism that see some connection between healing in the atonement and the Fourth Gospel. Finally, this study attempts to make explicit the modest implications of this discussion for a Pentecostal theology of healing in the atonement.
Characterization of the Optimal Culture Conditions for Clinical Scale Production of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Sotiropoulou Panagiota A. , Perez Sonia A. , Salagianni Maria , Baxevanis Constantin N. , Papamichail Michael 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells defined by multilineage potential, ease to gene modification, and immunosuppressive ability, thus holding promise for tissue engineering, gene therapy, and immunotherapy. They exhibit a unique in vitro expansion capacity, which, however, does not compensate for the very low percentage in their niches given the vast numbers of cells required for the relative studies. Taking into consideration the lack of a uniform approach for MSC isolation and expansion, we attempted in this study, by comparing various culture conditions, to identify the optimal protocol for the large-scale production of MSCs while maintaining their multilineage and immunosuppressive capacities. Our data indicate that, apart from the quality of fetal calf serum, other culture parameters, including basal medium, glucose concentration, stable glutamine, bone marrow mononuclear cell plating density, MSC passaging density, and plastic surface quality, affect the final outcome. Furthermore, the use of basic fi-broblast growth factor (bFGF), the most common growth supplement in MSC culture media, greatly increases the proliferation rate but also upregulates HLA-class I and induces low HLA-DR expression. However, not only does this upregulation not elicit significant in vitro allogeneic T cell responses, but also bFGF-cultured MSCs exhibit enhanced in vivo immunosuppressive potential. Besides, addition of bFGF affects MSC multilineage differentiation capacity, favoring differentiation toward the osteogenic lineage and limiting neurogenic potential. In conclusion, in this report we define the optimal culture conditions for the successful isolation and expansion of human MSCs in high numbers for subsequent cellular therapeutic approaches.
Effects of Three-Dimensional Culture and Growth Factors on the Chondrogenic Differentiation of Murine Embryonic Stem Cells
Authors: Hwang Nathaniel S. , Kim Myoung Sook , Sampattavanich Somponnat , Baek Jin Hyen , Zhang Zijun , Elisseeff Jennifer 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
Embryonic stem (ES) cells have the ability to self-replicate and differentiate into cells from all three germ layers, holding great promise for tissue regeneration applications. However, controlling the differentiation of ES cells and obtaining homogenous cell populations still remains a challenge. We hypothesize that a supportive three-dimensional (3D) environment provides ES cell-derived cells an environment that more closely mimics chondrogenesis in vivo. In the present study, the chondrogenic differentiation capability of ES cell-derived embryoid bodies (EBs) encapsulated in poly(ethylene glycol)-based (PEG) hy-drogels was examined and compared with the chondrogenic potential of EBs in conventional monolayer culture. PEG hydrogel-encapsulated EBs and EBs in monolayer were cultured in vitro for up to 17 days in chondrogenic differentiation medium in the presence of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 or bone morphogenic protein-2. Gene expression and protein analyses indicated that EB-PEG hydrogel culture upregulated cartilage-relevant markers compared with a monolayer environment and induction of chondrocytic phenotype was stimulated with TGF-β1. Histology of EBs in PEG hydrogel culture with TGF-β1 demonstrated basophilic extracellular matrix deposition characteristic of neocartilage. These findings suggest that EB-PEG hydrogel culture, with an appropriate growth factor, may provide a suitable environment for chondrogenic differentiation of intact ES cell-derived EBs.
Prediction of Henry's constants for alkane/alkane binaries above solute critical
Authors: Kato Satoru 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA universal prediction method for Henry's constants of alkanes in alkane solvents has not been established. The present study proposes a universal method for the prediction of Henry's constants representing all of the data for alkane/alkane binaries in the literature. The method involves two universal constants and works at Tri < 3, where Tri denotes the reduced temperatures of the solute alkanes. One of the constants modifies the expression of the infinite‐dilution activity coefficients for their application to simple fluids reflecting end‐to‐sphere molecular orientations, whereas the other represents the vapor pressures of hypothetical liquids defined above solute critical. The prediction method also satisfactorily predicts the Henry's constants of rare gases and liquids having spherical molecules, such as Ar, Kr, Xe, and CCl4, in alkane solvents. Using the prediction method, the most reliable data of high‐pressure vapor–liquid equilibrium for alkane/alkane binaries under dilute conditions in the literature were identified. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2005
Ultraviolet–circular dichroism spectroscopy and potentiometric study of the interaction between human serum albumin and sodium perfluorooctanoate
Authors: Messina Paula , Prieto Gerardo , Dodero Verónica , Ruso Juan M. , Schulz Pablo , Sarmiento Félix 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe interaction of a fluorinated surfactant, sodium perfluorooctanoate, with human serum albumin (HSA) has been investigated by a combination of ultraviolet–circular dichroism (UV‐CD) spectroscopy and potentiometry (by a home‐built ion‐selective electrode) techniques to detect and characterize the conformational transitions of HSA. By using difference spectroscopy, the transition was followed as a function of temperature, and the data were analyzed to obtain the parameters characterizing the thermodynamics of unfolding. The results indicate that the presence of surfactant drastically changes the melting unfolding, acting as a structure stabilizer and delaying the unfolding process. Potentiometric measurements were used to determine the binding isotherms and binding capacity for this system. The isotherm shows a high affinity of surfactant molecules for HSA. The average number of surfactant molecules absorbed per protein molecule (at 28 mM of surfactant concentration) was found to be ≈900, about 6 g of surfactant per gram of protein. The shape of the binding capacity curve and the relation between binding capacity and extend of cooperativity were examined. From these analysis, the values of g (number of ligand‐binding sites), KH (Hill binding constant), and nH (Hill coefficient) were determined. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopoly 79: 300–309, 2005This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Gas‐chromatographic separation of tri(hetero)halogenomethane enantiomers
Authors: Jiang Zhengjin , Crassous Jeanne , Schurig Volker 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFive‐atomic tri(hetero)halogenomethanes represent the simplest class of non‐isotopic small chiral molecules suitable for the study of fundamental aspects of chirality. The analytical gas‐chromatographic separation of the enantiomers of bromochlorofluoromethane 1 and of chlorofluoroiodomethane 2 on the immobilized chiral stationary phase octakis(3‐O‐butanoyl‐2,6‐di‐O‐n‐pentyl)‐γ‐cyclodextrin 3, chemically linked to polydimethylsiloxane, is described. By temperature‐dependent thermodynamic measurements very low isoenantioselective temperatures Tiso are found and for optimum enantiomeric separations cryogenic temperatures are required. The ee values of enantiomerically enriched tri(hetero)halogenomethanes 1 and 2 are determined and relative configurations are correlated with the chromatographic elution order of 1 and 2 on 3. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Chirality 17:488–493, 2005.
The effect of the PPARγ ligand rosiglitazone on energy balance regulation
Authors: Joosen Annemiek M. C. P. , Bakker Arjen H. F. , Gering Maarten J. A. , Westerterp Klaas R. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractBackground and aimFat mass generation requires an energy surplus and the activity of the peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPARγ). We investigated if the PPARγ ligand rosiglitazone influences substrate usage, energy expenditure (EE) and energy intake (EI) and, thereby, how PPARγ activity contributes to susceptibility to obesity.MethodsTwenty healthy males (20–29 years) were randomly assigned to receive a placebo (n = 10) or rosiglitazone (8 mg/d) (n = 10) for seven consecutive days, while staying in a respiration chamber. Food intake was ad libitum. Body composition was determined by underwater weighing (day 1) and deuterium dilution (day 1 and 8).ResultsMean (±SE) EI was 15.9 ± 0.9 MJ/d in the placebo group and 18.9 ± 1.2 MJ/d in the rosiglitazone group. Mean EE was 11.3 ± 0.3 MJ/d and 12.5 ± 0.5 MJ/d for the placebo and rosiglitazone groups respectively. This resulted in a cumulative positive energy balance (EB) of 32.3 ± 5.1 MJ for placebo and 44.7 ± 6.9 MJ for rosiglitazone. There were no significant differences in EI, EE, and EB between treatments. Both groups did not adjust their fat oxidation to the increased fat intake, but fat oxidation decreased faster in the rosiglitazone group (significantly lower on days 6 and 7). During treatment with rosiglitazone, significantly more fat storage was seen in overweight subjects while this was not the case in the placebo group.ConclusionsOur results suggest a shift in substrate usage during PPARγ stimulation leading to a preference for fat storage, especially in subjects with a higher BMI. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Human hippocampal theta activity during virtual navigation
Authors: Ekstrom Arne D. , Caplan Jeremy B. , Ho Emily , Shattuck Kirk , Fried Itzhak , Kahana Michael J. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThis study examines whether 4–8‐Hz theta oscillations can be seen in the human hippocampus, and whether these oscillations increase during virtual movement and searching, as they do in rodents. Recordings from both hippocampal and neocortical depth electrodes were analyzed while six epileptic patients played a virtual taxi‐driver game. During the game, the patients alternated between searching for passengers, whose locations were random, and delivering them to stores, whose locations remained constant. In both hippocampus and neocortex, theta increased during virtual movement in all phases of the game. Hippocampal and neocortical theta activity were also significantly correlated with each other, but this correlation did not differ between neocortex and hippocampus and within disparate neocortical electrodes. Our findings demonstrate the existence of movement‐related theta oscillations in human hippocampus, and suggest that both cortical and hippocampal oscillations play a role in attention and sensorimotor integration. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Phase/amplitude reset and theta–gamma interaction in the human medial temporal lobe during a continuous word recognition memory task
Authors: Mormann Florian , Fell Juergen , Axmacher Nikolai , Weber Bernd , Lehnertz Klaus , Elger Christian E. , Fernández Guillén 
Published: August 2005

AbstractWe analyzed intracranial electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings from the medial temporal lobes of 12 epilepsy patients during a continuous word recognition paradigm, contrasting trials of correctly recognized repeated words (hits) and correctly identified new words (correct rejections). Using a wavelet‐based analysis, we investigated how power changes and phase clustering in different frequency bands contribute to the averaged event‐related potentials (ERPs). In addition, we analyzed the actual mean phases of the different oscillations. Our analyses yielded the following results: (1) power changes contributed significantly only to the late components of the ERPs (>400 ms) (2) earlier ERP components were produced by a stimulus‐related broad‐band phase and amplitude reset of ongoing oscillatory activity about 190 ms after stimulus onset that involved not only the theta band, but also covered alpha and lower beta band frequencies (3) phase and amplitude reset occurred during an epoch of increased phase entrainment over time that lasted for about two oscillation periods for all involved frequencies and was more pronounced for correct rejections than for hits. The broad‐band phase and amplitude reset was observed for both hits and correct rejections, and therefore, did not appear to support a specific cognitive function, but rather to act as a general facilitating factor for the processes involved in this memory task. Further analyses of synchronization between oscillations and power changes in different frequency bands revealed a task‐dependent modulation of gamma activity by the entrained theta cycle, a mechanism potentially related to memory encoding and retrieval in the rhinal cortex and hippocampus, respectively. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The class II phosphoinositide 3‐kinase PI3K‐C2β regulates cell migration by a PtdIns(3)P dependent mechanism
Authors: Domin Jan , Harper Lisa , Aubyn Deborah , Wheeler Matthew , Florey Oliver , Haskard Dorian , Yuan Ming , Zicha Daniel 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe biological and pathophysiological significance of class II phosphoinositide 3‐kinase enzyme expression currently remains unclear. Using an in vitro scrape wound assay and time‐lapse video microscopy, we demonstrate that cell motility is increased in cultures expressing recombinant PI3K‐C2β enzyme. In addition, overexpression of PI3K‐C2β transiently decreased cell adhesion, stimulated the formation of cytoplasmic processes, and decreased the rate of cell proliferation. Consistent with these observations, expression of PI3K‐C2β also decreased expression of alpha4 beta1 integrin subunits. Using asynchronous cultures, we show that endogenous PI3K‐C2β is present in lamellipodia of motile cells. When cells expressing recombinant PI3K‐C2β were plated onto fibronectin, cortical actin staining increased markedly and actin rich lamellipodia and filopodia became evident. Overexpression of a 2xFYVEHrs domain fusion protein abolished this response demonstrating that the effect of PI3K‐C2β on the reorganization of actin filaments is dependent upon PtdIns(3)P. Finally, overexpression of PI3K‐C2β increased GTP loading of Cdc42. Our data demonstrates for the first time, that PI3K‐C2β plays a regulatory role in cell motility and that the mechanism by which it reorganizes the actin cytoskeleton is dependent upon PtdIns(3)P production. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Defending God
Authors: Crenshaw James L. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe existence of evil has given rise to perplexed questioning of divine justice from the beginning of recorded history. The present volume examines early responses to the problem of theodicy in Mesopotamia, Egypt, and Syria-Palestine as a way of assessing modern approaches to existential and religious crises. Through close readings of many texts in the Hebrew Bible and comparison with treatments in extrabiblical literature, it explores the richly diverse legacy of those who have influenced the West in so many ways. That legacy ranges from denying that a problem exists—the atheistic answer—to positing a vulnerable deity who assumes full responsibility for evil and its eradication. Between those two poles are responses that attempt to spread the blame, assuming a multiplicity of deities, a single rival deity (the personification of all evil), or a solitary deity who is somehow constrained, either by limited power and knowledge or by a split personality that struggles to balance the conflicting demands of justice and mercy. Analogies from parenting, jurisprudence, and the cult offer responses of discipline, retribution, and substitutionary atonement, respectively. Two final responses acquiesce to injustice in the present life, anticipating rectification beyond the grave or acknowledging human ignorance in the face of divine mystery. The limitation articulated by the last response requires that even the effort to provide a theodicy be questioned, especially given the fact that mortals have already received from the deity the greatest gift of all: life. Still, the search for answers is bound to continue, for it is only in challenging belief that theological discourse retains its integrity.
A New Civilization
Authors: Smil Vaclav 
Published: August 2005

AbstractPre-WWI technical advances have created economies and societies whose abundance of material possessions, rates of energy consumption, and overall tempo of life were entirely unprecedented. Both the fundamental infrastructures of modern life and countless everyday actions rest on enduring artifacts and ubiquitous innovations of the Age of Synergy. Mechanization of virtually all productive tasks led to mass production and both were made possible by steadily rising combustion of fossil fuels and generation of electricity. They brought new economic arrangements (including powerful multinational companies) as well as new forms of leisure.
Scholarship and Christian Faith
Authors: Jacobsen Douglas , Jacobsen Rhonda Hustedt , Marty Martin E. 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
The book examines the various ways Christian scholars incorporate faith into their academic endeavors. Literature in this area has frequently assumed a Reformed and evangelical style that links Christianity and academic study under the rubric of “the integration of faith and learning.” In contrast, Scholarship and Christian Faith argues that there are many different ways that faith and scholarship can interact with each other. Catholic, Lutheran, Episcopal, Wesleyan, Anabaptist, and Pentecostal alternatives are discussed. “Living the questions” of learning and faith is suggested as an approach that allows Christians (and, by analogy, persons of other faiths) to be constructively involved in the academy. The work of Ernest L. Boyer is used as an example. Scholarship and Christian Faith also discusses the role that scholarship can play in personal faith and in the life of the church. Finally, this book explores the idea of scholarship itself, drawing distinctions between analytic, strategic and empathic forms of scholarship. Four essays by other scholars embody and elucidate the themes of the book, including hope, hospitality, the relationship of science and religion, and the imbrication of learning and faith. A prologue (by Rodney Sawatsky) and an epilogue (by Kim Phipps) relate the discussion more explicitly to church-related higher education.
Civic Virtue and Science in Prerevolutionary Europe
Authors: Moore John C. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractIn prerevolutionary Europe, science in the broad sense of organized knowledge (scientia) played a crucial role in the emergence of democracy and civic virtue. Medieval thinkers drew on Cicero, Aristotle, Roman law, the Christian tradition, and their own experiences to create systems of thought and institutions necessary for that emergence. Science in the modern sense of the exact physical sciences, however, made only limited and indirect contributions to that development.
Evolutionary Biology and the Question of Trust
Authors: Ruse Michael 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThis chapter argues that the phenomenon of fraud and dishonesty in science is more akin to a perversion than a straight sin. Examples from the history of evolutionary biology are used to show how scientists employ supposed examples of fraud to discredit their opponents. Examples are drawn from the history of evolutionary biology involving Darwin, the Piltdown hoax, Edward O. Wilson, and Stephen Jay Gould.
Defending the Radical Center
Authors: Parsons Keith 
Published: August 2005

AbstractBecause science claims to offer objective knowledge that transcends sectarian bias, it stands in a “middle” position between extremist ideologies of both the left and the right. Contrary to the claims of feminist philosophers such as Sandra Harding, traditional ideals of scientific objectivity do not require rejection or radical revision. Contrary to the claims of neo-creationists Phillip Johnson and Alvin Plantinga, scientific objectivity is not compromised by its commitment to naturalism. By eschewing ideological bias in favor of broadly shared standards of objectivity, science provides an example of how diverse societies can pursue common aims.
Faith in Reading
Authors: Nord David Paul 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
In the years after 1815, a few visionary entrepreneurs decided the time was right to launch true mass media in America. They believed it was possible through new technology, national organization, and the grace of God to place the same printed message into the hands of every man, woman, and child in America. Though these entrepreneurs were savvy businessmen, their publishing enterprises were not commercial businesses. They were nonprofit religious organizations, including the American Bible Society, American Tract Society, and American Sunday School Union. Faith in Reading tells the story of the noncommercial origins of mass media in America. The theme is how religious publishers learned to work against the flow of ordinary commerce. Religious publishing societies believed that reading was too important to be left to the “market revolution”; they sought to foil the market through the “visible hand” of organization. Though religious publishers worked against the market, they employed modern printing technologies and business methods, and were remarkably successful, churning out millions of Bibles, tracts, religious books, and periodicals. At the same time, they tried to teach people to read those books in the most traditional way. Their aim was to use new mass media to encourage old reading habits. This book examines both publishers and readers. It is about how religious publishing societies imagined their readers. It is also about reader response — how ordinary readers received and read religious books and tracts in early 19th century America.
Being a Good Student
Authors: Tumminia Diana G. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe status of a student depends on participation in the narrative production, specifically the retelling of past lives and recovered memories. Several examples are given. The ethnographer’s experience of the phenomenological lifeworld of Unarius takes shape as she participates in a past-life readings and momentary glimpses of member experience. The ethnographer explains the problems of fieldwork in the context of the balance between immersion and objectivity. Because of this issue, she restrains herself from contributing to the narrative.