bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of noncardiac chest pain: diagnostic approach, coping strategies and quality of life
Authors: Husser Daniela , Bollmann Andreas , Kühne Christian , Molling Jochen , Klein Helmut U. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractBackground Approximately 30% of coronary angiograms are negative for significant coronary artery disease and patients are classified as having noncardiac chest pain (NCCP). So far, no systematic diagnostic approach to patients with NCCP investigating for possible esophageal, psychiatric and musculoskeletal abnormalities exists. Furthermore, coping strategies and quality of life are poorly characterized in NCCP patients.Methods and results A simple diagnostic approach was applied to 37 consecutive patients (21 female, age 61 − 12 years) with angina‐like chest pain and normal coronary angiograms. Twenty‐one patients were found to suffer from psychiatric disorders (combined anxiety (A) and depression (D): n = 10, D: n = 5, panic disorder (P): n = 3, somatization (S): n = 3) based on their Symptom Check List 90 scores and according to DSM IV‐R criteria. Sixteen patients had an improvement of their chest pain after oral esomeprazole (40 mg for 7 days) and were therefore diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Musculoskeletal abnormalities including chostochondritis (n = 4), thoracic spondylodynia (n = 1), and fibromyalgia (n = 1) were found in six patients. Multiple diagnoses were confirmed in six patients with GERD (additional D n = 3, additional musculoskeletal disorders n = 3). Patients with psychiatric disorders showed a diminished quality of life (MOS‐SF 36), more frequent chest pain, less treatment satisfaction (Seattle Angina Questionnaire) and more rumination (Trier Coping Scales) compared to GERD patients.Conclusions Immediate combined psychiatric and orthopedic evaluation as well as esomeprazole administration following exclusion of coronary artery disease may confirm the causes of noncardiac chest pain. Identification of psychiatric disorders seems especially warranted since these patients experience a reduced quality of life and exhibit pathologic coping strategies.
Translating ecosystem indicators into decision criteria
Authors: Link Jason S. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractDefining and attaining suitable management goals probably represent the most difficult part of ecosystem-based fisheries management. To achieve those goals we ultimately need to define ecosystem overfishing in a way that is analogous to the concept used in single-species management. Ecosystem-based control rules can then be formulated when various ecosystem indicators are evaluated with respect to fishing-induced changes. However, these multi-attribute control rules will be less straightforward than those applied typically in single-species management, and may represent a gradient rather than binary decision criteria. Some ecosystem-based decision criteria are suggested, based on indicators empirically derived from the Georges Bank, Gulf of Maine ecosystem. Further development in the translation of ecosystem indicators into decision criteria is one of the major areas for progress in fisheries science and management.
Zoledronic acid improves femoral head sphericity in a rat model of perthes disease
Authors: Little David G. , McDonald Michelle , Sharpe Ian T. , Peat Rachel , Williams Paul , McEvoy Tony 
Published: March 2005

AbstractWe hypothesized that the bisphosphonate zoledronic acid (ZA) could improve femoral head sphericity in Perthes disease by changing the balance between bone resorption and new bone formation. This study tests the effect of ZA in an established model of Perthes disease, the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR).One hundred and twenty 4‐week old SHR rats were divided into three groups of 40: saline monthly, 0.015 mg/kg ZA weekly, or 0.05 mg/kg ZA monthly. At 15 weeks DXA measurements documented that femoral head BMD was increased by 18% in ZA weekly and 21% in ZA monthly compared to controls (p < 0.01). Femoral head sphericity in animals with osteonecrosis was improved in ZA‐treatment groups (p < 0.01) as measured by epiphyseal quotient (EQ). The proportion of “flat” heads (EQ ± 0.40) was significantly reduced from 32% in saline‐treated animals to 12% in weekly ZA and 3% in monthly ZA (p < 0.01). Histologically there was a similar prevalence of osteonecrosis in all groups. The prevalence of ossification delay was significantly reduced by ZA treatment (p < 0.01).Zoledronic acid favorably altered femoral head shape in this spontaneous model of osteonecrosis in growing rats. Translation of these results to Perthes disease could mean that deformity of the femoral head may be modified in children, perhaps reducing the need for surgical intervention in childhood and adult life. © 2005 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
RESIDUAL STRESSES AT AN OXIDE-SILICON INTERFACE
Authors: Whelan M. V. , Goemans A. H. , Goossens L. M. C. 
Published: March 2005

Residual stresses occurring at an oxide-silicon interface are studied by measuring the bending of an oxidized silicon slice which results when the oxide is removed from one face.
The stresses are independent of the orientation of the silicon surface, and over a wide range of the doping level of the silicon. Stresses increase with the speed at which the samples are cooled after the oxidation: An oxide grown in dry O2 causes larger stresses than one grown in wet O2. The stresses measured do not appear to be capable of causing considerable numbers of interface states.
ORIENTATION EFFECTS OF AN APPLIED DC FIELD ON NaCl FILMS DEPOSITED ON SILICA GLASS
Authors: Sinclair W. Robert , Calbick Chester J. 
Published: March 2005

Reflection electron diffraction patterns show strong variations in orientations of the outer layer of an NaCl film deposited on fused silica, due to the presence during evaporation of a dc field parallel to the surface.
Orientation effects have been observed by x-ray diffractometry in a limited range of evaporation rates which are attributed to electrolysis of adsorbed water.
OBSERVATION OF PHASE OBJECTS BY OPTICALLY PROCESSED HILBERT TRANSFORM
Authors: Lowenthal Serge , Belvaux Yves 
Published: March 2005

A method for observing phase objects, based on the Hilbert transform is defined. This is achieved by spatial filtering.
The amplitude images obtained are characterized by their high luminosity. The objects are correctly imaged, even if the phase varies slowly (low frequency objects), which is not the case with conventional methods such as the phase contrast and central dark ground methods.
The method also permits easy measurement of geometrical aberrations, for the Hilbert transforms of aberrant wavefronts are more easily interpreted than with the Foucault method.
OPTICAL PATTERNS OF THERMALLY SELF-DEFOCUSED LIGHT
Authors: Callen W. R. , Huth B. G. , Pantell R. H. 
Published: March 2005

In this Letter we discuss the observation of a pattern of concentric annuli formed as a result of thermal effects upon a light beam. To our knowledge, this is the first time such patterns have been reported.
When a beam of light passes through an absorbing medium whose refractive index decreases as a function of temperature, the medium behaves as a negative lens. Gordon et al.1 observed this phenomenon by placing a cell containing an absorbing liquid between the mirrors of a helium-neon laser. The absorption constants for several liquids with very low absorbencies have been determined using this effect.2 Rieckhoff3 measured the increase in the diameter of a light beam that passed through a thermal self-defocusing liquid placed external to the laser inter-ferometer. Recently Leite et al.4 demonstrated that this effect may be used as a power limiting device.
Consumer Culture Theory (CCT): Twenty Years of Research
Authors: Arnould Eric J. , Thompson Craig J. 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
This article provides a synthesizing overview of the past 20 yr. of consumer research addressing the sociocultural, experiential, symbolic, and ideological aspects of consumption. Our aim is to provide a viable disciplinary brand for this research tradition that we call consumer culture theory (CCT). We propose that CCT has fulfilled recurrent calls for developing a distinctive body of theoretical knowledge about consumption and marketplace behaviors. In developing this argument, we redress three enduring misconceptions about the nature and analytic orientation of CCT. We then assess how CCT has contributed to consumer research by illuminating the cultural dimensions of the consumption cycle and by developing novel theorizations concerning four thematic domains of research interest.
Organizations, Institutions, and the Story of Shmuel: Reflections on the 40th Anniversary of the Law and Society Association
Authors: Erlanger Howard S. 
Published: March 2005

Today I would like to speak to you about Organizations, Institutions, and the Story of Shmuel.Now, I figure everyone here knows what an organization is, and pretty much everyone at least thinks they know what an institution is. But I'm pretty sure you all are wondering, “Who's Shmuel?”
The European Panel on the Appropriateness of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy guidelines colonoscopy in an open‐access endoscopy unit: a prospective study
Authors: Balaguer F. , Llach J. , Castells A. , Bordas J. M. , Ppellisé M. , Rodríguez‐Moranta F. , Mata A. , Fernández‐Esparrach G. , Ginès A. , Piqué J. M. 
Published: March 2005

SummaryBackground : The demand for gastrointestinal endoscopy is increasing in most developed countries, resulting in an important rise in overall costs and waiting lists for endoscopic procedures. Therefore, adherence to appropriate indications for these procedures is essential for the rational use of finite resources in an open‐access system.Aim : To assess indications and appropriateness of colonoscopy according to the European Panel on the Appropriateness of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (EPAGE) criteria.Methods : From May to June 2004, all consecutive patients referred to our Unit for open‐access colonoscopy were considered for inclusion in this prospective study. Appropriateness of each colonoscopy was established according to the EPAGE criteria. In order to evaluate whether appropriateness of use correlated with the diagnostic yield of colonoscopy, relevant endoscopic findings were also recorded.Results : A total of 350 consecutive patients were included in the study. In 38 of them, the colonoscopy indication was not listed in the EPAGE guidelines and, consequently, they were not evaluated. In the remaining 312 patients, the indication for the procedure was considered inappropriate in 73 (23%) patients. Both referring doctor characteristics (specialty and health care setting) and patient data (age) correlated with appropriateness of endoscopy. The diagnostic yield was significantly higher for appropriate colonoscopies (42%) than in those judged inappropriate (21%) (P = 0.001).Conclusions : A noteworthy proportion of patients referred for colonoscopy to an open‐access endoscopy unit are considered inappropriate because of their indication, with significant differences among specialties. These results suggest that implementation of validated guidelines for its appropriate use could improve this situation and, considering the correlation between appropriateness and diagnostic yield, even contribute to improve the prognosis of patients with colorectal diseases.
Easy‐to‐use, accurate and flexible individualized Bayesian limited sampling method without fixed time points for ciclosporin monitoring after liver transplantation
Authors: Langers P. , Cremers S. C. L. M. , den Hartigh J. , Rijnbeek E. M. T. , Ringers J. , Lamers C. B. H. W. , van Hoek B. 
Published: March 2005

SummaryBackground : New methods to estimate the systemic exposure to ciclosporin such as the level 2 h after dosing and limited sampling formulas may lead to improved clinical outcome after orthotopic liver transplantation. However, most strategies are characterized by rigid sampling times.Aim : To develop and validate a flexible individualized population‐pharmacokinetic model for ciclosporin monitoring in orthotopic liver transplantation.Methods : A total of 62 curves obtained from 31 patients at least 0.5 year after orthotopic liver transplantation were divided into two equal groups. From 31 curves, relatively simple limited sampling formulas were derived using multiple regression analysis, while using pharmacokinetic software a two‐compartment population‐pharmacokinetic model was derived from these same data. We then tested the ability to estimate the AUC by the limited sampling formulas and a different approach using several limited sampling strategies on the other 31 curves. The new approach consists of individualizing the mean a priori population‐pharmacokinetic parameters of the two‐compartment population‐pharmacokinetic model by means of maximum a posteriori Bayesian fitting with individual data leading to an individualized population‐pharmacokinetic limited sampling model. From the individualized pharmacokinetic parameters, AUC0‐12h was calculated for each combination of measured blood concentrations. The calculated AUC0‐12h both from the limited‐sampling formulas and the limited‐sampling model were compared with the gold standard AUC0‐12h (trapezoidal rule) by Pearson's correlation coefficient and prediction precision and bias were calculated.Results : The AUC0‐12h value calculated by individualizing the population‐pharmacokinetic model using several combinations of measured blood concentrations: 0 + 2 h (r2 = 0.94), 0 + 1 + 2 h (r2 = 0.94), 0 + 1 + 3 h (r2 = 0.92), 0 + 2 + 3 h (r2 = 0.92) and 0 + 1 + 2 + 3 h (r2 = 0.96) had excellent correlation with AUC0‐12h, better than limited sampling formulas with less than three sampling time points. Even trough level with limited sampling method (r2 = 0.86) correlated better than the level after 2 h of dosing (r2 = 0.75) or trough level (r2 = 0.64) as single values without limited sampling method. Moreover, the individualized population‐pharmacokinetic model had a low prediction bias and excellent precision.Conclusion : Multiple rigid sampling time points limit the use of limited sampling formulas. The major advantage of the Bayesian estimation approach presented here, is that blood sampling time points are not fixed, as long as sampling time is known. The predictive performance of this new approach is superior to trough level and that after 2 h of dosing and at least as good as limited sampling formulas. It is of clear advantage in busy out‐patient clinics.
Upper gastrointestinal tolerability of once weekly alendronate 70 mg with concomitant non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug use
Authors: Cryer B. , Miller P. , Petruschke R. A. , Chen E. , Geba G. P. , de Papp A. E. 
Published: March 2005

SummaryBackground : Both oral bisphosphonates and non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs have the potential to irritate the upper gastrointestinal mucosa, and are frequently used by the same patient population.Aim : To determine the rate of upper gastrointestinal adverse events with once weekly alendronate 70 mg and concomitant non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug use.Methods : A post hoc analysis was performed on 222 patients who received both medications concomitantly during a 3‐month placebo‐controlled study. A total of 450 (224 alendronate; 226 placebo) postmenopausal women and men with osteoporosis were randomized. Concomitant non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug users were defined as patients who received ≥7 continuous days of any dose of a dual cyclo‐oxygenase‐1 and cyclo‐oxygenase‐2 inhibiting non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug, a selective cyclo‐oxygenase‐2 inhibitor, or aspirin. A survival analysis was performed, and significance assessed. Logistic regression was used to assess consistency of treatment effect on rate of upper gastrointestinal adverse events across non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug subgroups.Results : Similar percentages of alendronate (52.7%) and placebo (46.0%) patients used non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs regularly. Among concomitant non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug users, 11 alendronate and 11 placebo patients experienced upper gastrointestinal adverse events (9.3% and 10.8%, respectively, P = 0.744). Logistic regression revealed no significant interaction (P = 0.722) between alendronate and concomitant non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug use.Conclusion : Based on this subgroup analysis, once weekly alendronate 70 mg used concomitantly with non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs, did not increase upper gastrointestinal adverse events relative to placebo over 3‐months.
Review article: psychosocial factors in the quality of life of patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Sainsbury A. , Heatley R. V. 
Published: March 2005

SummaryInformation on quality of life in inflammatory bowel disease is limited. Despite the clear importance of this topic to patients, quality of life measurement is seldom undertaken in day‐to‐day management of patients or included in clinical trials. Although previous reviews have dealt with quality of life, the area of psychosocial functioning has not been specifically addressed.The aim of this study was to review the psychosocial factors affecting quality of life in patients with inflammatory bowel disease, using an electronic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and psycINFO. Of the 751 articles identified by the search, 107 were considered relevant and included in the review.A number of psychosocial factors appear to be important, including gender, socioeconomic status, ethnicity and perceived stress. To improve the quality of life in patients with inflammatory bowel disease, clinicians’ attention needs to be drawn towards this subject, with an awareness of those patient groups more vulnerable to impaired quality of life. These identified variables also represent important factors, which should be adjusted for when conducting research into quality of life in these patients.
Meta‐analysis: upper gastrointestinal tolerability of valdecoxib, a cyclooxygenase‐2‐specific inhibitor, compared with nonspecific nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs among patients with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Eisen G. M. , Goldstein J. L. , Hanna D. B. , Rublee D. A. 
Published: March 2005

SummaryAim : To compare the incidence of abdominal pain, dyspepsia and/or nausea associated with valdecoxib, nonspecific nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs and placebo in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.Methods : Data from five randomized, double‐blind 12‐week trials were pooled. Independent risk factors for abdominal pain, dyspepsia and/or nausea were also determined.Results : The final analysis consisted of 4394 patients. Nonspecific nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug users (n = 1185) received naproxen 1000 mg/day (n = 766), ibuprofen 2400 mg/day (n = 207) or diclofenac sodium 150 mg/day (n = 212). Valdecoxib users received 10 mg/day (n = 955), 20 mg/day (n = 851) or 40 mg/day (n = 430). A total of 973 patients received placebo. The nonspecific nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug group was most likely to report abdominal pain or dyspepsia, while the placebo group reported the highest incidence of nausea. The most important risk factors for abdominal pain, dyspepsia and/or nausea were nonspecific nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug use, gastrointestinal history of nonspecific nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug‐related intolerance or gastroduodenal ulcers, osteoarthritis diagnosis, female gender and age <65 years.Conclusion : This pooled analysis demonstrates a clear decrease in dyspepsia and an improvement in upper gastrointestinal tolerability for patients with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis taking valdecoxib, even at supratherapeutic doses, compared with those taking nonspecific nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs over 12 weeks.
Impact of pregnancy on the clinical activity of Crohn's disease
Authors: Agret F. , Cosnes J. , Hassani Z. , Gornet J.‐M. , Gendre J.‐P. , Lémann M. , Beaugerie L. 
Published: March 2005

SummaryBackground : The impact of pregnancy on Crohn's disease activity has been poorly investigated.Aim : To determine the effect of pregnancy on Crohn's disease activity from the retrospective analysis of a cohort of women who had a regular clinical follow‐up.Methods : Seventy pregnancies occurring in 61 women were studied. The Harvey–Bradshaw index was determined during the four quarters preceding each pregnancy, the three quarters of pregnancy and the four quarters following delivery.Results : The mean Harvey–Bradshaw index during pregnancy [0.68 (0.18), mean (S.E.M.)] was significantly lower than that of the year preceding pregnancy [0.98 (0.16), P = 0.03] and that of the year following delivery [1.10 (0.17), P = 0.04]. In non‐smoking women (48 pregnancies), there was no significant change of Harvey–Bradshaw index between these intervals. Whereas in those who smoked (22 pregnancies), most of whom reduced tobacco consumption during pregnancy, the mean Harvey–Bradshaw index during pregnancy was significantly reduced compared with that of the year following delivery [0.58 (0.20) vs. 1.60 (0.33), P = 0.01]. The use of drugs was significantly lower during pregnancy.Conclusions : Crohn's disease activity is mildly but significantly lower during pregnancy. The reduction of tobacco consumption during pregnancy in smoking women may play an important role in this improvement.
Severe haemorrhage following abdominal paracentesis for ascites in patients with liver disease
Authors: Pache I. , Bilodeau M. 
Published: March 2005

SummaryBackground : Bleeding is a recognized complication of abdominal paracentesis. Special concern has been raised when it is performed in patients with liver failure because of coagulation disorders and collaterals in the abdominal wall.Aim : To assess the clinical characteristics of patients who developed haemorrhagic complications after paracentesis.Methods : We reviewed all cases of severe haemorrhage occurring after paracentesis in patients admitted to the Liver Unit of our institution between 1994 and 2004.Results : Nine cases were identified among 4729 procedures. The occurrence of severe haemorrhage represented 0.19% of all procedures with a death rate of 0.016%. Bleeding was not related to operator experience, elevated international normalized ratio or low platelets. It occurred in patients with high model for end‐stage liver disease and Child‐Pugh scores. Furthermore, some degree of renal failure was present in all but one patient.Conclusion : Severe haemorrhage after abdominal paracentesis in patients with liver disease occurs in 0.2% of cases. It occurs in patients with severe liver failure and is often associated with significant pre‐existing renal dysfunction.