bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Skeletal muscle regeneration after crush injury in dystrophic mdx mice: An autoradiographic study
Authors: Grounds Miranda D. , McGeachie John K. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe X‐linked dystrophic animal model, the mdx mouse, shows an extraordinary capacity for sustained muscle regeneration compared with X‐linked dystrophic golden retriever dogs and humans with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. To test the hypothesis that muscles of mdx mice might have inherently superior muscle regeneration to that in nondystrophic animals, muscle regeneration in response to a crush injury was examined in mdx mice and in the nondystrophic, parental strain C57Bl/10Sn. Autoradiographic techniques were used specifically to investigate the timing of muscle precursor replication after crush injury. Little difference in the regenerative capacity, either histologically or with respect to the timing of muscle precursor replication, was found between mdx mice and C57Bl/10Sn or other nondystrophic strains of mice.
Case‐of‐the‐month: Perineuritis presenting as mononeuritis multiplex
Authors: Simmons Zachary , Albers James W. , Sima Anders A. F. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractPerineuritis unassociated with other significant pathological changes is a rare finding. A patient is described with mild, non‐insulin dependent diabetes mellitus who presented with the clinical picture of mononeuritis multiplex, and in whom perineuritis but no occlusive vascular disease was found on sural nerve biopsy. Treatment with prednisone and plasma exchange resulted in some improvement. We conclude that the focal perineuritis, rather than the diabetes, was responsible for the clinical picture mimicking mononeuritis multiplex. In conjunction with previous reports, this suggests that perineuritis may be a treatable neuropathy.
Case of the month: Germline mosaicism in carriers of duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Prior T. W. , Papp A. C. , Snyder P. J. , Mendell J. R. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractCarrier testing in a Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) family resulted in the identification of a case of germline mosaicism. Using dystrophin cDNA probes, this phenomenon was ascertained by the demonstration of a deletion junction fragment present in the DNA of the affected patient and one sister but absent in the mother's DNA. As a result of this finding carrier risk estimations, based on restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of cDNA deletion carrier testing and the counseling implications of germline mosaicism. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Effects of age, sex, and anthropometric factors on nerve conduction measures
Authors: Stetson Diana S. , Albers James W. , Silverstein Barbara A. , Wolfe Robert A. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractAssociations among measures of median, ulnar, and sural nerve conduction and age, skin temperature, sex, and anthropometric factors were evaluated in a population of 105 healthy, asymptomatic adults without occupational exposure to highly repetitive or forceful hand exertions. Height was negatively associated with sensory amplitude in all nerves tested (P < 0.001), and positively associated with median and ulnar sensory distal latencies (P < 0.01) and sural latency (P < 0.001). Index finger circumference was negatively associated with median and ulnar sensory amplitudes (P < 0.05). Sex, in isolation from highly correlated anthropometric factors such as height, was not found to be a significant predictor of median or ulnar nerve conduction measures. Equations using age, height, and finger circumference for prediction of normal values are presented. Failure to adjust normal nerve conduction values for these factors decreases the diagnostic specificity and sensitivity of the described measures, and may result in misclassification of individuals. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Loss and renewal of thick myofilaments in glucocorticoid‐treated rat soleus after denervation and reinnervation
Authors: Massa Roberto , Carpenter Stirling , Holland Paul , Karpati George 
Published: January 2005

AbstractDenervation of rat soleus muscle and simultaneous administration of high doses of corticosteroids for 7 days caused marked muscle fiber atrophy and selective loss of thick myofilaments from many muscle fibers by light and electron microscopy. Myosin heavy chain/ actin ratios were greatly reduced on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Nerve crush instead of cut permitted reinnervation after 2 weeks and demonstrated the reversibility of the muscle changes within a week after reinnervation. There was formation of new thick filaments and their reintegration into myofibrils without further breakdown, although large areas of Z‐disc streaming appeared. The mechanism of A‐band breakdown remains obscure, but it presumably starts with limited proteolysis and continues with disaggregation of myosin molecules. This is consistent with our observation that the muscle fibers retain a relatively good reactivity to antibodies against myosin heavy chain 1 week after denervation and corticosteroid administration. A syndrome recalling these experiments is seen in severely asthmatic patients receiving corticosteroids and pharmacologically paralyzed for mechanical respiration. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Turns‐amplitude analysis of the electromyographic recruitment pattern disregarding force measurement. I. Method and reference values in healthy subjects
Authors: Liguori Rocco , Dahl Kristian , Fuglsang‐Frederiksen Anders 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe used turns‐amplitude analysis to characterize the EMG recruitment pattern disregarding force measurement. The electrical muscle pattern of the brachial biceps (BB), abductor pollicis brevis (APB), medial vastus (MV), and anterior tibial (AT) muscles was analyzed during progressive increase in force from rest to maximum using the mean amplitude as an indicator of the force of the muscle. The following parameters were obtained on‐line: the maximal ratio of turns to mean amplitude (peak‐ratio, PR), the mean amplitude, and the number of time intervals (Tl) between turns at PR and at near maximum force (NMF). The highest PR values were obtained in BB, the lowest in MV. Analysis of the distribution of the Tl between turns at different degrees of voluntary contraction showed fewer spikes with short duration and small amplitude at high force compared with low force. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Non–reflex and reflex mediated ankle joint stiffness in multiple sclerosis patients with spasticity
Authors: Sinkjér Thomas , Toft Egon , Larsen Knud , Andreassen Steen , Hansen Hans J. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractIn this study, we have measured the passive, the intrinsic, and the reflexmediated mechanical response to stretch of the ankle extensors and flexors in 13 spastic multiple sclerosis patients and 10 healthy control subjects. In the ankle flexors, the patients had no reflex‐mediated stiffness. The passive stiffness was increased by 138% (95% confidence interval: 26–91%) and the intrinsic stiffness by 79% (41–158%) when compared with the healthy subjects. In the ankle extensors, the reflex‐mediated stiffness and the intrinsic stiffness of the patients were equal to the reflex‐mediated and the intrinsic stiffness in healthy subjects. The passive stiffness was increased by 152% (41–352%). We conclude that spastic muscles in multiple sclerosis patients have an increased non‐reflex stiffness (passive plus intrinsic stiffness), and that the reflex‐mediated stiffness in the extensors during a sustained voluntary contraction does not differ significantly from healthy subjects. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Relationship between stimulus strength and the cutaneous silent period
Authors: Shefner Jeremy M. , Logigian Eric L. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractDuring sustained muscle contraction, an interval of reduced activity follows an electrical cutaneous stimulus, called the cutaneous silent period (CSP). To evoke a CSP, a single stimulus must be painful. We used single sural nerve stimuli to evoke a CSP in ipsilateral soleus muscle, and studied the relationships between stimulus strength, sensory action potential (SAP) morphology, and subjective experience. Near nerve electrodes were employed to record the sural SAP in order to record activity in slower conducting fibers in addition to Aα fibers. In 6 normal subjects, the stimulus strength required to evoke a CSP ranged from 8 to 10 times threshold intensity. Pain threshold was slightly below that necessary to evoke the CSP. SAP shape changed with stimulus strength; main component amplitude occasionally increased as strength increased beyond 10 times threshold, and slowly conducting late components became more prominent. At stimulus intensities or at less than CSP threshold, components were seen conducting from 15–20 m/s that were not observed at lower intensities. We suggest that activation of sensory axons with conduction velocities in the range of Aδ fibers are necessary to evoke the CSP, and that their potentials can be discerned in the SAP. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Skeletal muscle extract and nerve growth factor have developmentally regulated survival promoting effects on distinct populations of mammalian sensory neurons
Authors: Valmier Jean , Mallie Sylvie , Baldy‐Moulinier Michel 
Published: January 2005

AbstractNeurotrophic factors appear to be relevant to the therapy of degenerative diseases as well as neural regeneration. In this respect, we have investigated the neurotrophic effects of skeletal muscle extract on DRG neuron survival by examining the survival and neurite outgrowth promoting activity of factor(s) present in skeletal muscle extracts (SME) on dissociated cultures of embryonic or early postnatal mouse dorsal root ganglion (DRG) sensory neurons. The numbers of surviving neurons resulting from SME addition increased continuously from embryonic day 13 (15%) to birth (55%), then decreased up to 7 days after hatching (0%). Preliminary characterization of the factor(s) present in SME suggests that the active molecule is a protein different from the known neurotrophic factors NGF, BDNF, NT3, CNTF, and bFGF, and that its neurotrophic effect is not mediated by direct interaction with the substratum. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Paraspinal mapping: Quantified needle electromyography in lumbar radiculopathy
Authors: Haig Andrew J. , Talley Carol , Grobler Leon J. , LeBreck Diane B. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractIn the diagnosis of low back pain, the presence of a high percentage of false positive findings on radiologic imaging studies has lead to a more definitive role for electrodiagnosis as a confirmatory test. The paraspinal muscles are a crucial part of the electrodiagnostic examination for radiculopathy. To date, no technique for paraspinal evaluation has been validated. Based on previously documented anatomical techniques, we have designed a method of paraspinal examination termed “paraspinal mapping” (PM). Electromyographic (EMG) needles are placed in five carefully chosen locations and inserted in multiple directions. Individual scores for these insertions are added to determine a total PM sensitivity score. The first 50 studies using PM were compared to peripheral EMG, imaging studies, and pain drawings. Results indicate that the technique is easy to perform. Sensitivity scores relate well with these tests. In this limited and uncontrolled population, PM had higher sensitivity for abnormalities than either peripheral EMG or imaging studies. Because of the anatomical validity of PM, future studies may show it to be useful in localizing the level of radiculopathy independently from peripheral EMG, and to support clinical findings and imaging studies. © 1993 John Wiley & Soncs, Inc.
Transcranial cortical stimulation in syringomyelia: Correlation with disability?
Authors: Bötzel Kai , Witt Thomas N. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractCentral motor conduction times were studied using transcranial magnetic stimulation in 17 patients with syringomyelia. Central motor conduction time (lower‐limb pathway) was prolonged or responses were absent in 44% of stimulations. When results were compared with clinical findings and magnetic resonance tomography, only a weak correlation was found. Transcranial magnetic stimulation is thus of limited value for diagnosing and monitoring the course of syringomyelia. © 1993 John Wiley & Soncs, Inc.
Conduction abnormalities induced by sera of patients with multifocal motor neuropathy and anti‐GM1 antibodies
Authors: Uncini Antonino , Santoro Maria , Corbo Massimo , Lugaresi Alessandra , Latov Norman 
Published: January 2005

AbstractIncreased titers of anti‐GM1 antibodies have been associated with motor neuron disease and motor neuropathy with or without conduction block. To investigate the pathogenetic role of anti‐GM1 antibodies we injected into rat tibial nerves sera from patients with multifocal motor neuropathy and conduction block (MMN) or progressive spinal muscular atrophy (PMA), both presenting anti‐GM1 antibodies. Sera of patients with MMN produced reduction of amplitude and dispersion of compound muscle action potential from proximal stimulation. Morphometry revealed demyelination in 6.2% of fibers. Sera of patients with PMA did not produce clear‐cut electrophysiological or morphological changes. Differential effects of sera from patients presenting high‐titer anti‐GM1 antibodies, but with distinct clinical syndromes, might depend on differences in anti‐GM1 antibody affinity, valency, or ability to fix complement. Alternatively, circulating factors other than, or in addition to, anti‐GM1 antibodies present in sera of patients with MMN, but not of PMA patients, might be responsible for conduction abnormalities and reproduce them after passive transfer. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Electroneurography index: A standardized neurophysiological method to assess peripheral nerve function in patients with polyneuropathy
Authors: Solders Göran , Andersson Thomas , Borin Yvonne , Persson Anders , Brandt Lena 
Published: January 2005

AbstractAn index based on 12 electrophysiological parameters (conduction velocities, F‐latencies, and amplitudes) was constructed to obtain an overall estimation of peripheral nerve conduction. The index was expressed as the meandeviation (in SD) compared to controls standardized for age or height. The stability of the index was tested by repeated examinations during intervalsof several months in healthy subjects. The use of a compound index enabled detection of slight impairments of nerve conduction. The relatively low interrecording variability of the index makes it suitable to follow the progression of a polyneuropathy. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Molecular analysis of the duchenne muscular dystrophy gene in patients with becker muscular dystrophy presenting with dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Yoshida Kunihiro , Ikeda Shu‐Ichi , Nakamura Akinori , Kagoshima Mitsuru , Takeda Shin'ichi , Shoji Shin'ichi , Yanagisawa Nobuo 
Published: January 2005

AbstractMolecular analysis of the Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) gene was performed on 4 unrelated patients with Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) presenting with dilated cardiomyopathy. Two patients with a deletion involving exon 1 were quite unique in that they developed fatal myocardial involvement in their teens, despite the absence of significant muscular weakness. The deletion found in these patients comprised the 3′‐end of exon 1 and the greater part of intron 1. Two other patients with a deletion of exon 47 showed progressive muscular atrophy and weakness; they were considered to be typical BMD in both clinical features and the type of gene deletion. We speculate that a deletion around exon 1 may severely damage the expression and/or the function of dystrophin selectively in cardiac muscle, but not in skeletal muscle. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Acute “axonal” Guillain–Barré syndrome in childhood
Authors: Reisin Ricardo C. , Cersósimo Ricardo , Alvarez Marcela García , Massaro Mario , Fejerman Natalio 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe identified 5 of 44 consecutive children (11%) with Guillain–Barré syndrome who had electrophysiologic evidence of severe reduction of the mean amplitude of the compound motor action potentials (mean CMAP amplitude <10% of lower limit of normal). EMG studies revealed profuse fibrillation activity in distal and proximal muscles after 2 weeks of onset. We compared this group with 16 consecutive children with GBS prospectively evaluated over 1 year, all of whom presented a mean CMAP amplitude >10% of lower limit of normal. Children in the first group were more likely to require assisted ventilation (60% vs. 6.2%) and were more frequently quadriplegic at the peak of their disability (80% vs. 18.7%). They also required longer periods to improve one functional grade (mean 63.6 days vs. 16.6 days) and to become ambulatory (mean 156 days vs. 17.6 days). Moreover, only the children in the first group had distal atrophy of four limbs after 1 year of follow‐up. Severe reduction of the mean amplitude of the CMAPs in children with GBS identifies a subgroup of patients with axonal damage that produces more severe weakness and delayed recovery. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
AAEM minimonograph #41: Neuromuscular diseases associated with HIV‐1 infection
Authors: Lange Dale J. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractNeuromuscular diseases occur in as many as 50% of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV‐1). All forms of neuromuscular disease have been reported, including axonal neuropathy, demyelinating neuropathy, mononeuropathy multiplex, polyradiculitis, ALS‐like syndromes, disorders of neuromuscular transmission, myopathy, and toxic neuropathies due to medication side effects. Neuromuscular disease is often the presenting manifestation of HIV‐1 infection. Infection with cytomegalovirus (CMV) is associated with different types of neuropathy including mononeuritis multiplex and polyradiculopathy. There is effective treatment for many of the associated disorders including chronic inflammatory demyelinating neuropathy, CMV‐mediated neuropathies, and myopathy. Treatment of CMV‐mediated mononeuropathy multiplex may be life saving. The different neuromuscular syndromes associated with different stages of HIV‐1 infection may be due, in part, to different levels of immunocompetence.
Idiopathic generalized myokymia
Authors: Jamieson Patrick W. , Katirji M. Bashar 
Published: January 2005

AbstractIdiopathic generalized myokymia (IGM) is a rare, heterogeneous, and poorly understood syndrome. We present analysis of 75 reported cases in the world literature. IGM affects men and women equally, with a mean age of onset 29 ± 19 years. Patients' common presenting complaints are stiffness (60%), cramps (12%), weakness (12%), and muscle twitching (4%). Family history is positive in 30%. In addition to generalized clinical myokymia (92%), abnormal neurologic findings include: hyporeflexia (70%), weakness (45%), grip myotonia (39%), and calf hypertrophy (16%). Electrical activity consisting of spontaneous continuous motor unit activity and/or electrical myokymia was documented in all patients. When electrical myokymia was observed (66%), the grouped discharges where irregular and had an interburst frequency of 2–300 Hz. Both phenytoin and carbamazepine are effective treatments. We conclude that IGM has a wide spectrum of symptoms and severity and should be considered in all patients that present with stiffness, cramps, or muscle twitching. EMG greatly aids in diagnosis. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Tendon‐reflex testing in chronic demyelinating polyneuropathy
Authors: Kuruoglu H. R. , Oh Shin J. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe studied the tendon reflex (T‐reflex) in 26 patients with acquired chronic demyelinating polyneuropathy (CDN), including 22 with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (ClDP). In 7 patients reflexes were brisk or normal on clinical testing. The height adjusted T‐reflex was abnormal in 25 (96%) cases, including 6 of 7 patients with brisk or normal reflexes on clinical testing. Mean latency (P < 0.01) and duration (P < 0.05) of the ankle and patellar tendon reflexes were significantly prolonged in the ClDP patients when compared to the controls. Mean latency in the ClDP patients was 152% of normal means. In 7 CIDP patients, the T‐reflex latencies were prolonged beyond 150% of normal means. Thus, the T‐reflex test is abnormal in a majority of patients with CDN, even in the presence of well‐preserved clinical reflexes, and the T‐reflex latency is a useful indicator of the presence of a demyelinating peripheral neuropathy in some patients. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Nerve conduction and temperature: Necessary warming time
Authors: Franssen Hessel , Wieneke George H. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to estimate the time needed to warm an extremity prior to measuring nerve conduction. In 8 normal subjects tibial and sural nerve conduction variables were measured during cooling and warming of the leg in water of 18°C and 36°C, respectively. During cooling, nerve conduction velocity (NCV) decreased and distal motor latency (DML), duration, and area of the compound muscle action potentials (CMAP), and compound nerve action potentials (CNAP) increased. The reverse occurred during warming. During cooling or warming the change in these variables became progressively smaller with time. The time course could therefore be described by an exponential relation, the parameters of which were determined. On the basis of these data, correlations were calculated between the skin temperature at the start of the investigation and the warming time needed to obtain a good estimate of nerve conduction variables at 36°C. The use of correction factors, instead of actual warming, yielded acceptable errors only for NCV and not for the other variables. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Sensorimotor neuropathy resembling CIDP in patients receiving FK506
Authors: Wilson John R. , Conwit Md Robin A. , Eidelman Benjamin H. , Starzl Thomas , Abu‐Elmagd Kareem 
Published: January 2005

AbstractFK506 is an important immunosuppressant that has shown great promise in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Approximately 5% of patients receiving FK506 develop major central nervous system toxicity, but the peripheral nerves are usually spared During 1990–1991, some 1000 patients received liver transplants under FK506 immunosuppression. Of these, 3 patients developed severe multifocal demyelinating sensorimotor polyneuropathy 2–10 weeks after initiation of FK506 therapy. Improvement followed plasmapheresis or intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), suggesting an immune‐mediated cases. Although autoimmune neuropathy has been previously reported in immunedeficient states such as Hodgkin's disease and AIDS, it is not an expected complication of immunosuppresissive therapy. However, other have shown that this phenomeno can be produced in rats with cyclosporine A (CsA), whose effects on T‐cell subsets are similar to those seen with FK506. These T‐cell subset changes may have precipitated this dysimmune neuropathy in our patients. © 1994 John & Sons, Inc.