bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diabetic and nondiabetic lumbosacral radiculoplexus neuropathies: New insights into pathophysiology and treatment
Authors: Dyck P. James B. , Windebank Anthony J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDiabetic lumbosacral radiculoplexus neuropathy (DLRPN) (also called diabetic amyotrophy) is a well‐recognized subacute, painful, asymmetric lower‐limb neuropathy that is associated with weight loss and type II diabetes mellitus. Nondiabetic lumbosacral radiculoplexus neuropathy (LRPN) has received less attention. Comparison of large cohorts with DLRPN and LRPN demonstrated that age at onset, course, type and distribution of symptoms and impairments, laboratory findings, and outcomes are similar. Both conditions are lumbosacral radiculoplexus neuropathies that are associated with weight loss and begin focally with pain but that evolve into widespread, bilateral paralytic disorders. Although both are monophasic illnesses, patients have prolonged morbidity from pain and weakness, and many patients become wheelchair‐dependent. Although motor‐predominant, there is unequivocal evidence that autonomic and sensory nerves are also involved. Cutaneous nerves from patients with DLRPN and LRPN show pathological evidence of ischemic injury (multifocal fiber loss, perineurial thickening and degeneration, neovascularization, microfasciculation, and swollen axons with accumulated organelles) and microvasculitis (mural and perivascular inflammation, separation and fragmentation of mural smooth muscle layers of microvessels and hemosiderin‐laden macrophages). Controlled trials with immune‐modulating therapies in DLRPN are in progress, and preliminary data suggest that such therapy may be beneficial in LRPN. It is likely that DLRPN and LRPN are immune‐mediated neuropathies that should be separated from chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy and from systemic necrotizing vasculitis. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Muscle Nerve 25: 000–000, 2002
Length dependence of variables associated with temporal dispersion in human motor nerves
Authors: Schulte‐Mattler Wilhelm J. , Müller Tobias , Georgiadis Dimitrios , Kornhuber Malte E. , Zierz Stephan 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTemporal dispersion in motor nerves is associated with changes of amplitude, area, duration, and Fourier spectra of compound muscle action potentials (CMAPs) when comparing responses to proximal and distal stimulation. These changes depend on the length of the nerve segment. To quantitatively assess this dependence, motor conduction studies of nerve segments of various lengths were performed in the median, ulnar, and tibial nerves of 86 test subjects, aged 4 to 73 years. Amplitude, area, duration, and spectral energy above 49 Hz of CMAPs were measured. Values after distal and proximal stimulation of each nerve segment were compared to determine amplitude decay, area decay, protraction, and high‐frequency attenuation. A significant length dependence of amplitude decay was found in the tibial and ulnar nerves, of area decay in the median and ulnar nerves, and of CMAP duration in the ulnar and tibial nerves. The length dependence of the high‐frequency attenuation was significant in all nerves studied. This report provides normative data for variables associated with temporal dispersion. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Muscle Nerve 24: 527–533, 2001
Reproducibility of neurophysiological and myometric measurement in the ulnar nerve–abductor digiti minimi system
Authors: de Carvalho Mamede , Lopes Arminda , Scotto Manuel , Swash Michael 
Published: August 2002

AbstractReliability in strength and neurophysiological measurements is important in evaluating progression of neuromuscular diseases. No data are available on the variability of neurophysiological parameters as compared with maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) in the same muscles, in healthy subjects. A control population of 26 healthy subjects was studied twice on different days. We evaluated the reliability of neurophysiological parameters obtained from bilateral ulnar nerve stimulation, recording the response over the abductor digiti minimi (ADM) muscle, including distal motor latency, compound muscle potential amplitude and area, F‐wave frequency and mean F‐wave latency, and the derived neurophysiological index that we have described previously. MVIC force was measured in each session in both ADM muscles. The variances between the grouped data obtained in the two recording sessions were identical, indicating a low intrinsic variability with this experimental methodology. Comparison of the mean values obtained in the two sessions revealed no statistically significant differences. The reliability of these neurophysiological and strength measurements in the same nerve/muscle system suggests they may be useful in comparing the dynamics of weakness and neurophysiological change in neuromuscular disease. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Muscle Nerve 24: 1391–1395, 2001
Motor unit recruitment during lengthening contractions of human wrist flexors
Authors: Stotz Paula J. , Bawa Parveen 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to revisit the question of recruitment of motor units during lengthening contractions because of conflicting views in the literature on this subject. Motor unit activity was recorded from the flexor carpi radialis muscle of four human subjects to compare the patterns of recruitment during lengthening and isometric contractions. Lengthening contractions were produced either when the subject voluntarily stopped opposing a background load or when an additional load was imposed on the already contracting muscle. In both cases, lengthening of the active muscle was produced at a variety of speeds, from quite slow to “as fast as possible.” No differences in recruitment order were observed between isometric and lengthening contractions at any speed of lengthening contraction. It is concluded that all contractions in normal humans recruit motor units in an orderly fashion from small to large, according to the size principle of motor unit recruitment. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Muscle Nerve 24: 1535–1541, 2001
Three‐dimensional analysis of the seismic behaviour of micropiles used in the reinforcement of saturated soil
Authors: Ousta R. , Shahrour I. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper includes a numerical study of the behaviour of micropiles used for the reinforcement of saturated soil. Analysis is carried out using the (u–p) formulation (displacement for the solid phase and pore‐pressure for the fluid phase) implemented in a three‐dimensional finite element program. The soil behaviour is described by means of a cyclic elastoplastic constitutive relation which was developed within the framework of the bounding surface concept. The paper is composed of three parts. The first one is concerned with a presentation of the numerical model; the second includes analysis of the seismic behaviour of a single micropile; the last part deals with the group effect under seismic loading. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimization routine for identification of model parameters in soil plasticity
Authors: Mattsson Hans , Klisinski Marek , Axelsson Kennet 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe paper presents an optimization routine especially developed for the identification of model parameters in soil plasticity on the basis of different soil tests. Main focus is put on the mathematical aspects and the experience from application of this optimization routine. Mathematically, for the optimization, an objective function and a search strategy are needed. Some alternative expressions for the objective function are formulated. They capture the overall soil behaviour and can be used in a simultaneous optimization against several laboratory tests. Two different search strategies, Rosenbrock's method and the Simplex method, both belonging to the category of direct search methods, are utilized in the routine. Direct search methods have generally proved to be reliable and their relative simplicity make them quite easy to program into workable codes. The Rosenbrock and simplex methods are modified to make the search strategies as efficient and user‐friendly as possible for the type of optimization problem addressed here. Since these search strategies are of a heuristic nature, which makes it difficult (or even impossible) to analyse their performance in a theoretical way, representative optimization examples against both simulated experimental results as well as performed triaxial tests are presented to show the efficiency of the optimization routine. From these examples, it has been concluded that the optimization routine is able to locate a minimum with a good accuracy, fast enough to be a very useful tool for identification of model parameters in soil plasticity. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of gender on the diurnal variation of urine production and micturition characteristics of the rat
Authors: Schmidt Frank , Yoshimura Yasukuni , Ni Rong‐Xiang , Kneesel Shawna , Constantinou Christos E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe diurnal variation in the frequency/volume characteristics of male and female conscious rats was evaluated with reference to fluid consumption and urine production. Baseline values of the micturition volume and frequency of nine male and 10 female SD adult rats were measured over a 24‐hour time period. The level of initial hydration conditions was standardized with 5 ml of water administered orally. With animals in a metabolism chamber having free access to water, the total volume of water consumed, the frequency/volume characteristics during micturition and the urine production rate were derived from the measurements of voided volume as detected by a digital balance. To establish reliability of measurements two separate micturition studies were done per rat at an interval of 1 week. Mean frequency of micturition and mean volume voided per micturition and urine production rate were computed in 3‐hour time bins and represented over the 24‐hour period. In addition the mean values of the number of micturitions and mean micturated volumes during the day/dark cycle were evaluated. The results show significant gender specificity in water consumption, urine production, and diurnal variations in micturition frequency/volume characteristics. Females consistently consume significantly larger amounts of water (83%) than males while urine production rate was correspondingly higher in females. It is concluded that water consumption and urine production are gender‐specific. Because higher volumes of water are imbibed by females than males, the frequency/volume characteristic of micturition in the rat is also gender‐specific. Data suggest that the volume voided per micturition depends on the urine production rate.Neurourol. Urodynam. 20:287–295, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Monitoring cytotoxic tumour treatment response by diffusion magnetic resonance imaging and proton spectroscopy
Authors: Kauppinen Risto A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractExposure of tumours to anti‐cancer drugs, gene or radiation therapy consistently leads to an increase in water diffusion in the cases expressing favourable treatment response. The diffusion change coincides cytotoxic cell eradication and precedes volume reduction in drug or gene therapy‐treated experimental tumours. Interestingly, the recent studies from human brain tumour patients undergoing chemotherapy show similar behaviour of diffusion, suggesting important application for MRI in patient management. In this review observations from diffusion MRI and MRS in the tumours during cytotoxic treatment are summarized and the cellular mechanisms affecting molecular mobility are discussed in the light of tissue microenvironmental and microdynamic changes. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A combined rh‐adaptive scheme based on domain subdivision. Formulation and linear examples
Authors: Askes Harm , Rodríguez‐Ferran Antonio 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAn adaptive scheme is proposed in which the domain is split into two subdomains. One subdomain consists of regions where the discretization is refined with an h‐adaptive approach, whereas in the other subdomain node relocation or r‐adaptivity is used. Through this subdivision the advantageous properties of both remeshing strategies (accuracy and low computer costs, respectively) can be exploited in greater depth. The subdivision of the domain is based on the formulation of a desired element size, which renders the approach suitable for coupling with various error assessment tools. Two‐dimensional linear examples where the analytical solution is known illustrate the approach. It is shown that the combined rh‐adaptive approach is superior to its components r‐ and h‐adaptivity, in that higher accuracies can be obtained compared to a purely r‐adaptive approach, while the computational costs are lower than that of a purely h‐adaptive approach. As such, a more flexible formulation of adaptive strategies is given, in which the relative importance of attaining a pre‐set accuracy and speeding‐up the computational process can be set by the user. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Well‐posedness and numerical performances of the strain gap method
Authors: Romano G. , Marotti de Sciarra F. , Diaco M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA mixed method of approximation is discussed starting from a suitably modified expression of the Hu‐Washizu variational principle in which the independent fields are displacements, stresses and strain gaps defined as the difference between compatible strains and strain fields. The well‐posedness of the discrete problem is discussed and necessary and sufficient conditions are provided. The analysis of the mixed method reveals that the discrete problem can be split into a reduced problem and in a stress recovery. Accordingly, the discrete stress solution is univocally determined once an interpolating stress subspace is chosen. The enhanced assumed strain method by Simo and Rifai is based on an orthogonality condition between stresses and enhanced strains and coincides with the reduced problem. It is shown that the mixed method is stable and converges. Computational issues in the context of the finite element method are discussed in detail and numerical performances and comparisons are carried out. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A note on finite difference discretizations for Poisson equation on a disk
Authors: Lai Ming‐Chih 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA simple second‐order finite difference treatment of polar coordinate singularity for Poisson equation on a disk is presented. By manipulating the grid point locations, we can successfully avoid finding numerical boundary condition at the origin so that the resulting matrix is simpler than traditional schemes. The treatments for Dirichlet and Neumann boundary problems are slightly different by adjusting the radial mesh width. Furthermore, the present discretization can be applied with slight modifications to Helmholtz‐type equations. The numerical evidence shows that the second‐order accuracy can also be preserved. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 17: 199–203, 2001
Resourcefulness and health practices of diabetic women
Authors: Zauszniewski Jaclene A. , Chung ChaeWeon 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMore than one fourth of the millions of Americans with Type 2 diabetes experience depression, of which two thirds are women. Unless the individual is resourceful, coexisting diabetes and depression adversely affect one' health practices. The effects of diabetic and depressive symptoms on health practices and the mediating and moderating role of learned resourcefulness in this relationship were examined in 90 women with Type 2 diabetes. Regression analyses showed direct negative effects of diabetic and depressive symptoms on health practices. The effects of depressive, but not diabetic, symptoms were partially mediated by resourcefulness; no moderating effects were found. The results suggest the need to test interventions to minimize symptoms associated with diabetes, particularly depression. Teaching resourcefulness to Type 2 diabetic women may promote their positive health practices by minimizing their depression. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Res Nurs Health 24: 113–121, 2001
Maternal insertion of 18q11.2–q12.2 in 18p11.3 of the same chromosome analysed by microdissection and multicolour banding (MCB)
Authors: Starke Heike , Senger Gabriele , Kossakiewicz Maria , Tittelbach Hanne , Rau Dorothea , Rubtsov Nikolai , Trifonov Vladimir , Heller Anita , Hartmann Isabell , Claussen Uwe , Liehr Thomas 
Published: August 2002

AbstractObjectivesDifferent aberrations in one chromosome 18 were prenatally detected during each of three different pregnancies of a healthy woman. Routine cytogenetic analysis revealed a morphologically altered maternal chromosome 18 as well. The purpose of the current study was to characterize these cytogenetic changes in detail and thus to clarify the reason for the recurrent appearance of morphologically altered chromosomes 18 in this family.MethodsAs GTG banding did not allow resolution of the kind of aberrations present in these four cases, the following molecular cytogenetic approaches were used: microdissection combined with reverse painting and multicolour banding (MCB) analysis using a chromosome 18 specific probe set.ResultsMolecular cytogenetic approaches revealed that fetus 1 had a derivative chromosome del(18)(q11.2q12.2), fetus 2 and the mother had the identical derivative chromosomes ins(18)(pterp11.32::q12.2q11.2::p11.32q11.2::q12.3qter) and fetus 3 had a dup(11.2q12.2).ConclusionPartial monosomy in fetus 1 and partial trisomy in fetus 3 can be explained by crossing over events during maternal meiosis. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
‘Fourth hurdle reviews’, NICE, and database applications
Authors: Paul John E. , Trueman Paul 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe ‘fourth hurdle’ is commonly described as what has to be done to gain market access and reimbursement for a pharmaceutical, medical technology, or biotech product. Demonstrating to regulatory agencies just a product's safety, efficacy, and quality (the first three hurdles) is no longer sufficient. Manufacturers must often now demonstrate both clinical effectiveness (Is the new product better than currently available alternatives, including no treatment?) as well as cost‐effectiveness (Is the product good value for money?) in order to assure success in the marketplace. In the last few years there have been a number of governmental and non‐governmental agencies constituted for fourth hurdle reviews and recommendations to governments and other funding and reimbursement agencies. The National Institute for Clinical Effectiveness (NICE) in the UK, although not the first such group, is arguably the most visible and influential. This paper describes the NICE review process in detail, as well as the expected substantial impact of fourth hurdle reviews on drug development and clinical trials. Potential uses of databases and modelling in fourth hurdle reviews are also explored. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reactive Alder‐ene blend of diallyl bisphenol A novolac and bisphenol A bismaleimide: synthesis, cure and adhesion studies
Authors: Gouri C , Reghunadhan Nair C P , Ramaswamy R 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA novel, addition‐curable novolac resin (ABPF) was synthesized by the reaction of diallyl bisphenol A with formaldehyde using p‐toluene sulfonic acid as the catalyst. The synthesis conditions were optimized to obtain soluble polymer of desirable molecular weight distribution which was characterized by FT‐IR, NMR and SEC. ABPF was reactively blended with bisphenol A bismaleimide (BMIP) and cured through an Alder‐ene reaction at high temperatures. The cure characteristics of BMIP–ABPF blend with a maleimide:allyl phenol stoichiometry of 1:1 were studied using FT‐IR, DSC and DMA, which evidenced the multi‐step cure reactions taking place in the system. Cure optimization was evaluated by DSC, DMA and adhesive property tests. The moderately crosslinked blend was conducive for achieving the optimum adhesive properties on aluminium substrates. Retention of the adhesive properties was greater than 100% at 150 °C.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Optimization and characterization of amorphous/crystalline silicon heterojunction solar cells
Authors: Jensen N. , Hausner R. M. , Bergmann R. B. , Werner J. H. , Rau U. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAmorphous hydrogenated silicon/crystalline silicon (a‐Si:H/c‐Si) heterojunction solar cells are investigated and optimized with regard to efficiency and simplicity of processing. Starting with a survey of a‐Si:H/c‐Si heterojunction solar cell results from the literature, we describe the fabrication steps of our a‐Si:H/c‐Si technology and analyze the electronic device properties by quantum efficiency, current–voltage, admittance, and capacitance–voltage measurements. The open‐circuit voltage and the fill factor of the a‐Si:H/c‐Si heterojunction solar cells under investigation are limited by recombination in the neutral zone of the crystalline Si absorber. Recombination at the a‐Si:H/c‐Si‐interface is subsidiary in respect of the limitation of the open‐circuit voltage. Our best n‐type a‐Si:H/p‐type c‐Si solar cell prepared without high‐efficiency features such as back‐surface field or surface texturing has an independently confirmed efficiency of 14.1% and an open‐circuit voltage of 655 mV. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Functionalization of self‐assembled monolayers on glass and oxidized silicon wafers by surface reactions
Authors: Flink Simon , van Veggel Frank C. J. M. , Reinhoudt David N. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSurface reactions were employed to introduce a variety of functional groups in self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) on hydroxylated surfaces such as glass and oxidized silicon wafers. The resulting layers were fully characterized by wettability studies, ellipsometry, Brewster angle infrared and x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, UV–visible absorption and fluorescence measurements. Based on these measurements, it was concluded that the steric hindrance of the monolayer hampered the surface reactions, which generally led to sub‐monolayer coverages. Detailed information concerning the interactions amongst adsorbates was obtained from fluorescence measurements. The characteristic excimer emission of pyrene‐functionalized layers showed a large dependence on the solvent that was in contact with the SAM. Furthermore, efficient energy transfer could be observed in mixed monolayers that contained both fluorescein and lissamine groups. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Salt solutions in different solvents and their effect on the stereoselectivity of products of Diels–Alder reaction
Authors: Kumar Anil , Phalgune Usha D. , Pawar S. S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA salt solution prepared in one solvent promotes higher endo products of a Diels–Alder reaction, such as the cyclopentadiene–methyl acrylate reaction, but yields less endo products when prepared in another solvent. The reactions of cyclopentadiene with methyl acrylate were carried out in solutions of LiClO4 and LiCl in several organic solvents and water. Aqueous LiClO4, which lowers the amount of endo product of the above reaction, enhances it in solvents such as diethyl ether and ethyl acetate. Similarly, aqueous LiCl, which acts as a rate‐promoting agent, reduces the amount of endo products in several organic solvents. The experimental solubility measurements support this change in the characteristics of a salt from salting‐in to salting‐out in different solvents and vice versa. The dual role of a salt in solvents is also supported by salting coefficients calculated based on theory. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.