bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Dilatory Response to Histamine in Large Extracranial Vessels in Chronic Cluster Headache
Authors: Hardebo Jan Erik , Krabbe Annette Aebelholt , Gjerris Flemming 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISAgainst the background of a postulated involvement of histamine in the vasodilatation of cranial vessels in an attack of cluster headache, the reactivity to histamine of large human extracranial arteries was tested in vitro in non‐chronic and chronic sufferers from cluster headache, and compared to that of arteries from non‐sufferers. The vessels from chronic sufferers dilated much more readily upon administration of histamine ‐ via an action on histamine H2 receptors ‐ than did vessels from non‐sufferers. Vessels from non‐chronic sufferers (taken within a period of attacks but when a considerable relief due to medical treatment had occurred) reacted to histamine as vessels from non‐sufferers. The responses to various other vasoactive agents, such as noradrenaline, isoprenaline, serotonin, acetylcholine, VIP and prostaglandin F2a were similar in vessels from sufferers and non‐sufferers. The implication of this finding in the medical treatment of chronic cluster headache is discussed.
A Comparison of Two Psychophysiological Approaches to the Treatment of Migraine
Authors: Elmore Andrew M. , Tursky Bernard 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISAn investigation was conducted to assess the relative effectiveness of two psychophysiological approaches to migraine treatment. 23 migraineurs were assigned to two treatment groups: Temporal Pulse Amplitude Reduction (TPA, n = 12) or Hand Temperature Biofeedback (HTB, n = 11). During all sessions temporal pulse amplitude, finger pulse amplitude and hand temperature were continuously recorded. Analysis of the clinical outcome data was based on the comparison of one month pre‐ and one month post‐treatment diaries of headache symptomatology and medication intake. Results showed both groups learned significant physiological control during training and testing. The TPA group showed significant reductions in 2 of the 6 measures of headache activity and a trend toward a decrease in a third. The HTB group showed only a trend toward a decrease in I measure, a significant increase in another and a trend toward an increase in a third. While there were no significant differences on any of the measures during the pre‐treatment period, the groups were significantly different on 3 of the 6 measures during the post‐treatment period, with each difference indicating the superiority of temporal pulse amplitude reduction biofeedback. The results are discussed in terms of the challenge they pose to the commonly held view that migraine is related to a syndrome of sympathetic overactivity.
Headaches in the First Post Partum Week and Their Relationship to Migraine
Authors: Stein George S. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSIS15 out of 40 women on a post natal ward had headaches in the first post partum week, particularly between day 3–6 post partum. The incidence of these headaches was increased among women with a previous personal or family history of migraine or pre‐menstrual migraine, but they were usually milder and more frequently bilateral than the patients usual migraine. These headaches were not associated with previous neurotic depression or mood changes during the puerperium and are therefore unlikely to be tension headaches. Weight gain preceded the onset of the headache and weight loss followed it, but as these changes occur among women without the headache they are unlikely to be causal, though of interest since similar weight changes sometimes occur with migraine attacks. The rapidly falling levels of estrogen and progesterone, or possibly alterations in serotonin metabolism may be responsible for these headaches, most of which appeared to be mild episodes of common migraine.
Assessing the Reactive as Well as the Sensory Component of Headache Pain
Authors: Andrasik Frank , Blanchard Edward B. , Ahles Tim , Pallmeyer Thomas , Barron Kevin D. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISThe traditional numerical scale used for measuring headache intensity was compared with an adjectival scale developed by Tursky (1976) designed to assess both the intensity and reactive components of the pain experience. As predicted Tursky's intensity adjectives correlated highly with the numerical ratings of intensity whereas all correlations involving the affective adjectives were significantly lower in magnitude. These results support the hypothesis that Tursky's procedure measures two different aspects of pain and suggest that research would profit from the incorporation of similar multi‐component self‐report measures.
Transformation of Episodic Migraine Into Daily Headache: Analysis of Factors
Authors: Mathew Ninan T. , Stubits Eva , Nigam Mool P. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISSeventy‐six percent of patients with daily headaches were found to have a history of episodic migraine in the past, more than half of them hormone dependent headache such as menstrual migraine. Various factors possibly influencing the transformation of episodic migraine into daily headaches were analyzed in a series of 61 patients who presented with daily headaches. Abnormal personality profile, especially neuroticism including depression, excessive stress, excessive use of medications such as caffeine containing analgesics, narcotic analgesics and ergotamine, and development of hypertension were found to be significant in the transformation of episodic migraine into daily headache.The problem of daily headache is discussed. It is suggested that the majority of daily headaches are a continuum of episodic migraine, influenced and perpetuated by various factors such as neuroticism, excessive medication, stress, and development of hypertension. It is pointed out that diagnosis of tension headache under those circumstances is not justified.
Frontal Intermittent Rhythmic Delta Activity, Impairment of Consciousness and Migraine
Authors: Walser Hermann , Isler Hansruedi 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISSix migraine patients presented with episodes of impairment of consciousness and neurological deficit indicating dysfunction of upper brainstem and occipital and medial temporal lobes. These episodes were either continuous with migraine attacks or interspersed in courses of frequent migraine attacks. EEG recorded during or shortly after the episodes showed frontal intermittent rhythmic delta activity (FIRDA). The clinical and EEG changes are both explained as results of spasm of the rostral basilar artery. The episodes of impairment of consciousness are interpreted as migraine attacks with insufficient or missing vasodilatation rebound. The FIRDA pattern in these cases appears to be a sign of ischemia of the rostral basilar artery region analogous to focal slowing in “hemiplegic” migraine which indicates ischemia in other cerebrovascular regions. This view is supported by a simultaneous recording of both types of EEG changes in one patient with “hemiplegic” migraine followed by impairment of consciousness.
Plasma Testosterone Levels in Patients with Cluster Headache
Authors: Klimek Andrzej 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISPlasma testosterone levels were determined radio‐immunologically in 57 men, including 23 patients suffering from cluster headache where the tests were carried out during the exacerbation of the disease but between the fits, 10 patients with trigeminal nerve neuralgia, 10 with radicular pain and 14 blood donors. Only in blood donors the normal plasma testosterone level was found and in the remaining tested groups this level was lowered in a statistically significant degree, the lowest values were observed in patients suffering from radicular pain. It is suggested that during cluster headache the level of testosterone is lowered but this is associated with repetitive pain seizures and not with the processes involving hypothalamus.
A Psychophysiological Investigation of Tension Headache
Authors: Philips H. C. , Hunter M. S. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISIn a psychophysiological investigation of tension headache cases (n = 23) with migraine headache controls (n = 10) and non‐headache controls (n = 30), both tonic and phasic activity of the key muscles (frontalis and temporalis) and the temporal artery pulse were examined. Although all headache cases had significantly elevated levels of temporalis tension, tension headache sufferers were not differentiated from migraine in this respect. A substantial subgroup of tension sufferers (30%) had no detectable muscular or arterial abnormality associated with their severe pain. Idiosyncratic stress stimuli evoked significant frontalis reactivity in all headache cases (tension and migraine). These responses were triggered only by potent stimuli. Migraine cases had higher level of temporal artery abnormality at rest, in response to stress, and during pain episodes than tension cases. The implications of these results were discussed with respect to the prevailing view of tension headaches. An alternative model of this disorder was considered.
Ultrasonic Doppler Flow in Migraine and Cluster Headache
Authors: Schroth G. , Gerber W.D. , Langohr H.D. 
Published: June 2005

SynopsisSystematic ultrasonic Doppler flow examinations of 98 migraine patients during a headache free interval revealed a highly significant reduction of blood flow in the A. supratrochlearis, an endbranch of the A. ophthalmica, compared with a control group (n=55). 34 migraineurs with invariable hemicrania showed a significant reduction of ophthalmica‐blood‐flow on the affected side, compared with the painfree side. Doppler flow examinations during spontaneous migraine attacks revealed a characteristical increase of the flow velocity in Aa. carotides communes, internae, externae and Aa. vertebrales, whereas the A. ophthalmica showed a flow reduction during the attack. Of 6 patients suffering from cluster headache, there was a marked flow acceleration in the A. ophthalmica during spontaneous or nitrolingual provoked attacks. The results indicate that the noninvasive transcutaneous Doppler sonography is of value in the differential diagnosis of migraine patients and cluster headache. The implications of the results are discussed with respect to the hemodynamics of migraine and cluster headache.
Stress, Temporal Artery Activity, and Pain in Migraine Headache: a Prospective Analysis
Authors: Feuerstein Michael , Bortolussi Lina , Houle Manon , Labbé Elise 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISTemporal artery, frontal EMG, systemic blood pressure, peripheral temperature, heart rate, and anxiety levels were monitored daily four days preceding a typical migraine attack and during the headache in twelve female migraine cases. The specific relationship between temporal artery activity and anxiety and temporal artery activity and pain was also determined. The results indicated the presence of an increased variability in the right temporal artery three days preceding the migraine with the absence of changes in the general autonomic and skeletal muscle measures. Considerable individual differences in temporal artery amplitude were observed necessitating an analysis of individual patients which revealed a general pattern of dilation three days prior to the attack and constriction the day preceding the attack. Increased anxiety was noted only on the headache day. Elevations in anxiety four days prior to the migraine were associated with the increased temporal artery variability observed three days prior to the attack. Anxiety experienced on the headache day was not related to changes in temporal artery amplitude variability or pain. Temporal artery dilation was not consistently associated with the site of pain. The results provide support for a disregulation theory of migraine relating anxiety to temporal artery change across days preceding the attack but question major assumptions regarding anxiety, temporal artery activity and pain during the headache itself.
Relative Potency and Selectivity of Calcium Antagonists Used in the Treatment of Migraine
Authors: Peroutka Stephen J. , Banghart Suzanne B. , Allen George S. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISCalcium channel antagonists selectively block intracerebral vasoconstriction and appear clinically effective in the treatment of migraine. The in vitromethod described in the present report measured both the absolute and relative potencies of a group of calcium blockers. The dihydropyridine drugs, nimodipine and nifedipine, were both the most potent and selective of the calcium antagonists studied. Cinnarizine and flunarizine were essentially equipotent in both basliar and femoral arteries while the traditional therapeutic agents, cyproheptadine and amitriptyline, were 10‐fold more potent in femoral than basilar artery. This rapid in vitromethod may provide pharmacologic information which can be used as a guide in the selection of calcium channel antagonists for future clinical trials.
A Bio‐psycho‐social Investigation of Headache Activity in a Chronic Headache Population *
Authors: Blanchard Edward B. , Andrasik Frank , Arena John G. , Neff Debra F. , Jurish Susan E. , Teders Steven J. , Saunders Nancy L. , Pallmeyer Thomas P. , Dudek Bruce C. , Rodichok Lawrence D. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISComparisons of responses in a month long Headache Diary were made among three groups of carefully characterized headache sufferers (41 tension, 25 migraine, and 25 combined migraine and tension) and revealed more headache‐free days per week for the migraineurs than the other two groups but more daily average headache activity (headache index) for the tension headache patients than for the migraineurs. Multiple regression analyses of potential predictors from the biological realm (psychophysiological responses), psychological realm (psychological test scores) and social realm (social‐demographic data) on headache index revealed stronger biological influences on tension headache than on migraine or combined headache but less psychological influence. The relation of social‐demographic variables to headache index was roughly equivalent across all three headache types.
Effects of Voluntary Muscle Tension Increases in Tension Headache
Authors: Borgeat Francois , Hade Bernard , Elie Robert , Larouche Léon M. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISThe relationship between hyperactivity of the head and neck muscles and the pain experienced in tension headache was assessed by comparing the subjective effects of voluntary frontal muscle contraction on self‐reports of pain in chronic tension headache patients and in normal volunteers.Ten tension headache patients and ten volunteers were taught to increase their frontal muscle tension over 10 μvolts through biofeedback and, on three occasions, were asked to maintain that level for periods of one, two or five minutes consecutively.No difference in EMG levels were observed between patients and control either during baselines, contraction periods or subsequent resting phases. In contrast, headache patients reported more pain immediately and ten minutes after the contraction periods. The longer contraction periods were associated with higher pain intensity score, while the EMGs of the subsequent resting phases were lower. This occurred in both groups.These results suggest that chronic tension headache patients are more prone to experience pain than normal volunteers with contraction of frontal muscles, in spite of the fact that EMG levels do not differ. A different pain threshold to muscle tension could be responsible for those differences.
The Utility of the Millon Behavioral Health Inventory in the Study of Chronic Headaches
Authors: Gatchel Robert J. , Deckel A. Wallace , Weinberg Norris , Smith John E. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISThe present study evaluated the use of the Millon Behavioral Health Inventory (MBHI) in predicting response to a behavioral treatment program for headache reduction. A secondary goal was to also assess whether the MBHI could significantly differentiate among headache patients, patients with other types of chronic pain, and normal subjects. Twenty‐three chronic headache sufferers were administered a behavioral treatment program which consisted of 16, one‐hour weekly sessions. During the course of the treatment program, subjects were requested to keep daily records of four measures which later served as the treatment‐outcome indices: (1) daily number of headaches, (2) duration of headaches, (3) intensity of headaches, (4) medications taken. Results demonstrated that a number of MBHI scales significantly predicted response to treatment. Also, it was found that the MBHI significantly differentiated the chronic headache patients from the normal controls and patients with other forms of chronic pain.
Cardiovascular Changes in Cluster Headache
Authors: Sacquegna Tommaso , Cortelli Pietro , Amici Roberto , Pich Emilio Merlo , De Carolis Piero , Baldrati Anna , Cirignotta Fabio , D'Alesandro Roberto , Lugaresi Elio 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISFive patients suffering from cluster headache underwent simultaneous recordings of the pneumogram, ECG, and systemic arterial pressure before and during attacks.The polygraphic investigations showed the following: systolic and diastolic blood pressure increased during attacks; mean heart rate decreased or increased; mean respiratory rate decreased or remained unchanged. Standard deviations and coefficients of variation of all three measures calculated during attacks were higher than those recorded before attacks. The polygraphic recordings showed that during attacks there were phasic cardiovascular changes characterized by an increase and subsequent decrease in arterial pressure and heart rate, synchronous with the respiratory movements.Cardiovascular reflex function was assessed in two patients prior to and during attacks: Valsalva maneuver was normal be fore and during attacks; beat‐to‐beat variation of heart rate and heart rate variability during deep breathing showed higher values during attacks compared with values beforehand.The findings of this study suggest a central disturbance of vagus‐sympathetic equilibrium.
Do Certain Headache Syndromes Occur in “Pain‐Prone” Patients?
Authors: Ziegler Dewey K. , Kodanaz Altan , Hassanein Ruth S. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISTo clarify the actual components of headache syndromes and their possible association with other types of pain and psychological traits, 177 patients subject to severe intermittent headaches were studied. Data used were derived from (a) a de tailed headache questionnaire, (b) a second questionnaire concerning the occurrence of other pain and of feelings of good or ill health, (c) the Cornell Medical Index. A stepwise regression analysis was run for each headache characteristic using data from the pain questionnaire and the Cornell Medical Index as independent variables. Interesting associations of variables were (1) increased frequency of headache with male sex and increased duration of headache with female, (2) inability to carry on work load during headache, headache preceded by spots before the eyes, weakness of arm or leg preceding headache were all positively associated with history of fainting. Neither vomiting with headache, nor unilaterality of pain was associated with any other pain variables. Also of note was the fact that there was no evidence by testing of increased psychological disturbance in patients with back pain. The results suggest that the “tension headache‐neurosis” concept is dubious, that autonomic instability as evidenced by fainting is indeed important in some headache syndromes, and that new headache syndromes need to be defined.
Occurrence of Headaches in Anxiety Disordered Patients
Authors: Garvey Michael J. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISSeveral previous investigations have suggested a positive relationship between anxiety symptoms and headaches. Twenty patients with anxiety symptoms severe enough to warrant a psychiatric diagnosis of anxiety disorder were questioned about headaches. The number of anxiety disorder patients afflicted with headaches was not different from that reported by 49 non‐ill controls.
Plasma and CSF Endorphin Levels in Primary and Symptomatic Headaches
Authors: Nappi G. , Facchinetti F. , Martignoni E. , Petraglia F , Bono G. , Micieli G. , Rosaschino C. , Manzoni G.C. , Genazzani A.R. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISThe role of opiates in pain perception and neuroendocrine responses to environmental stimuli is well known, so that plasma and CSF endorphin levels may represent useful markers of endogenous analgesia and adaptive body mechanisms.The present study concerns various forms of headache: primary (Common Migraine: CM; Migraine with Interparoxysmal Headache: MIH; Cluster Headache: CH) and symptomatic (Chronic Post Traumatic Headache: CPTH; Ischemic Cerebrovascular Headache: ICVH). A group of age‐matched healthy subjects was used as controls (C).The results show a significant decrease of plasma B‐EP levels only in MIH patients (p<0.001), while in the CSF a significant reduction of B‐EP is present in MIH (p<0.001) and CM (p<0.005) subgroups, coupled with an inverse relationship between peptide levels and headache severity scores. In the symptomatic headaches, in which a normal functioning of the pain control systems may be presumed, no difference is present when compared to normal subjects.These data support the hypothesis that migraine syndrome is a “pain disease” sustained by precarious, either genetic or acquired, biochemical mechanisms.
Thromboxane Synthetase Inhibition: Potential Therapy in Migraine
Authors: Joseph Rajiv , Steiner J.T. , Poole C.J.M. , Littlewood J. , Rose E Clifford 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISSixteen patients with migraine were treated prophylactically for 3 months with dazoxiben, a specific thromboxane synthetase inhibitor, in an open study, Frequency of all attacks was reduced by more than 50% in 7 patients, and of severe attacks in 8 of 10 patients who initially suffered severe attacks. Reductions in thromboxane B2 levels measured at intervals during treatment by radioimmunoassay may have reflected standards of compliance with the 6‐hourly treatment regimen. However, a relationship emerged between thromboxane reduction and clinical response, with significantly greater reductions observed in patients who reported good symptomatic relief. This appears to support the hypothesis that platelet activation features in migraine causation.
Flunarizine, a Calcium Entry Blocker in Migraine Prophylaxis
Authors: Amery W.K. , Caers L.I. , Aerts T.J.L. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISTo obtain a sample size sufficiently large to enable valid statistical analysis, patients with common or classical migraine treated in different centres with the calcium‐entry blocker flunarizine, 10 mg daily, were pooled into 2 sets. In a first group of 202 patients, flunarizine was shown to reduce the frequency of attacks in 83%. Improvement was more marked when the duration of the disease was shorter and was more rapid when the pretreatment frequency of attacks was high. Somnolence and weight gain, sometimes labeled increased appetite, were the main adverse reactions but rarely caused withdrawal of the drug. Weight gain was significantly correlated with the global result and occurred more in patients with a low pre‐treatment weight. In a second group of 125 patients, most of them being treated for a year, the effect of flunarizine was fully sustained at the 4‐month level, i.e., at a median reduction in attacks by 51% to 60%.