bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electron‐deficient ZnO induced by heterointerface engineering as the dominant active component to boost CO2‐to‐formate conversion
Authors: Qin Qing , Li Zijian , Zhang Yingzheng , Jang Haeseong , Zhai Li , Hou Liqiang , Wei Xiaoqian , Wang Zhe , Kim Min Gyu , Liu Shangguo , Liu Xien 
Published: January 2024

AbstractElectrocatalytic CO2‐to‐formate conversion is considered an economically viable process. In general, Zn‐based nanomaterials are well‐known to be highly efficient electrocatalysts for the conversion of CO2 to CO, but seldom do they exhibit excellent selectivity toward formate. In this article, we demonstrate that a heterointerface catalyst ZnO/ZnSnO3 with nanosheet morphology shows enhanced selectivity with a maximum Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 86% at −0.9 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode and larger current density for the conversion of CO2 to formate than pristine ZnO and ZnSnO3. In particular, the FEs of the C1 products (CO + HCOO−) exceed 98% over the potential window. The experimental measurements combined with theoretical calculations revealed that the ZnO in ZnO/ZnSnO3 heterojunction delivers the valence electron depletion and accordingly optimizes Zn d‐band center, which results in moderate Zn–O hybridization of HCOO* and weakened Zn–C hybridization of competing COOH*, thus greatly boosting the HCOOH generation. Our study highlights the importance of charge redistribution in catalysts on the selectivity of electrochemical CO2 reduction.
The urgent need for greater parent support and better health system experiences to enhance outcomes for pediatric anorexia nervosa: A Commentary on Marchetti & Sawrikar (2023)
Authors: Wilksch Simon M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMarchetti and Sawrikar's (2024) systematic review of parent illness representations of their child's anorexia nervosa provides a valuable synthesis of 32 qualitative studies. The key themes that emerge paint a concerning picture of parents' perceptions of AN as: difficult to identify and understand; of chronic duration; uncontrollable; severe; and associated with serious consequences. A sense of hopelessness and low‐parental self‐efficacy was identified. This Commentary explores the key findings of this review in four areas: AN treatment and recovery (control/cure); emotional representations of the illness; parent understanding of the illness (coherence) and its causes; and consequences of the AN. These illness perceptions are discussed along with relevant quantitative investigations of parent experiences, with a view to suggesting how the toll on parents might be reduced and how reducing burdens on parents might also lead to improved timely treatment outcomes. It is proposed that two broad features are needed: improved help‐seeking experiences in the health care system; and, more parent‐focussed support.
Transient dynamic electrophoresis of a soft particle
Authors: Ohshima Hiroyuki 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe introduce a general theory that explains the transient dynamic electrophoresis of a soft particle in an electrolyte solution when an oscillating electric field is suddenly applied. A simple approximate analytic expression is derived for the transient dynamic electrophoretic mobility of a soft particle that can be applied to practical situations. It is found that the mobility shows a damped oscillation, approaching its final value, similar to the behavior of a hard particle.
COVID‐19 and working from home‐related changes in physical activity in Sydney, Australia
Authors: Cobbold Alec , Crane Melanie , Greaves Stephen , Standen Christopher , Beck Matthew , Rissel Chris 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIssues AddressedEvidence on how COVID‐19 lockdowns impacted physical activity (PA) is mixed. This study explores changes in PA following initial mobility restrictions, and their subsequent relaxation, in a sample of Sydney (Australia) residents using a natural experiment methodology.MethodsParticipants' health and travel behaviours were collected pre‐pandemic in late 2019 (n = 1937), with follow‐up waves during the pandemic in 2020 (n = 1706) and 2021 (n = 1514). Linear mixed‐effects models were used to analyse changes in weekly duration of PA between the three waves.ResultsCompared with pre‐pandemic, average weekly PA increased in 2021 by 42.6 min total PA (p = .001), 16 min walking PA (p = .02), and 26.4 min moderate–vigorous PA (MVPA) (p = .003). However, average weekly sessions of PA decreased in 2020 and remained lower in 2021. For participants who were sufficiently active in 2019, weekly total PA (−66.3 min) MVPA (−43.8 min) decreased in 2020 compared to pre‐pandemic. Conversely, among participants who were insufficiently active in 2019, average weekly PA increased in both 2020 (total PA, +99.1 min; walking PA, +46.4 min; MVPA +52.8 min) and 2021 (total PA, +117.8 min; walking PA, +58.4 min; MVPA +59.2 min), compared to 2019. Participants who did more work from home increased their average weekly total PA in 2021 compared to pre‐pandemic (+45.3 min).ConclusionThese findings reveal the complex variability in PA behaviour brought about by the pandemic.So What?Strategies to support the population in achieving sufficient PA must focus on maintaining an appetite for PA as we move out of the pandemic and on promoting more frequent PA sessions.
CRP Albumin Ratio: A novel noninvasive and cost‐effective method for assessing the severity of acute pancreatitis
Authors: Ghaffar Sania , Shahnoor Syeda , Khan Abdul Moiz , Asif Aimen , Fida Maryam , Oduoye Malik Olatunde , Nafula Wechuli Polyne 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntroductionAcute pancreatitis is a significant and potentially life‐threatening gastrointestinal disorder that requires prompt and accurate diagnosis for effective treatment. Current diagnostic methods often involve expensive and inaccessible imaging studies, such as CT scans, limiting their utility in emergency settings and underserved areas.AimThis correspondence discusses an innovative and cost‐effective approach to assessing the severity of acute pancreatitis, focusing on the C‐Reactive Protein‐Albumin Ratio (CAR).MethodologyWe searched relevant articles and studies from 2015 till date on PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar using these keywords: “C‐Reactive Protein”, “Albumin Ratio”, “Acute pancreatitis”, “Cost‐effective”, “Non‐invasive”, and “Severity”.ResultThe CAR diagnostic method involves a simple blood test that measures the levels of C‐Reactive Protein (CRP) and albumin, both commonly used markers for assessing inflammation. Elevated CRP and decreased albumin levels are indicative of inflammation, and the CAR has shown a strong positive correlation with the severity of acute pancreatitis. This method offers a non‐invasive, time‐efficient, and cost‐friendly alternative to traditional diagnostic techniques.ConclusionThe potential of CAR as an assessment tool for the severity of acute pancreatitis is highlighted, especially in resource‐limited settings. This innovation holds promise for improving the timely and accurate diagnosis of acute pancreatitis, ultimately enhancing patient outcomes and reducing mortality rates.
The effects of the interplay between vitamins, antibiotics, and gut microbiota on the pathogenesis and progression of dementia: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Prajjwal Priyadarshi , Inban Pugazhendi , Sai Valleru Pushkar , Shiny Karnati Susannah , Lam Justin Riley , John Jobby , Sulaimanov Mukhamed , Tekuru Yogesh , Wasi ul Haq Muhammad , Marsool Mohammed Dheyaa Marsool , Sivarajan Venu vasanthi , Amir Hussin Omniat 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundGiven that there is already evidence of a neural network that connects the brain and gut and that the gut microbiota actively modulates gut health, it is crucial to know which foods, supplements, and medications to use or avoid when treating any disease that causes dementia or cognitive impairment. Previous research has examined the relationships between vitamins, antibiotics, and gut microbiota and the correlations between these factors and dementia. The question arises of how these three factors interact together and if evidence suggests one element is more important than the others in the pathogenesis and development of dementia.MethodsThe Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis (PRISMA) standards were followed when conducting this review. The papers' publication dates varied from (2012−2022). Cochrane/EMBASE, PEDro, and PubMed/Medline databases were searched. The precise terms “gut microbiota,” vitamins,” antibiotics,” and “dementia” were included in the search method, along with the conjunctions “OR” and “AND.”ResultsGut dysbiosis has a significant impact on cognition, brain function, and the development and progression of dementia. The two most popular probiotics used in studies linked to cognition benefits were Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. Numerous scales were used to evaluate cognition, but the mini‐mental state examination was the most popular, and the most prevalent impairment was Alzheimer's disease. The supplements with the most significant impact on gut microbiota were vitamin B‐12 and folic acid.ConclusionThis systematic review concluded that vitamins, gut microbiota and antibiotics have a close association with the development of dementia. More research is required to establish causality and elucidate the underlying mechanisms because there is still little evidence connecting the interactions of vitamins, medications, and microbiota with dementia. The complexity of interactions between genetics, lifestyle factors, and comorbidities, as well as the heterogeneity of dementia, may make it more challenging to interpret the findings.
Improving the reproductive health literacy of couples on the verge of marriage through the FOCUS‐PDCA model: Mixed‐method study
Authors: Dabiri Fatemeh , Hajian Sepideh , Zayeri Farid , Hosseini Teshnizi Saeed , Abbasi Fashami Mahta 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackground & AimsEducation and counseling during marriage is an opportunity to raise some issues needed by couples on the verge of marriage. This study was conducted with the aim of improving reproductive and sexual health literacy of couples on the verge of marriage.MethodsThis study was a mixed‐methods participatory action research conducted based on the Find, Organize, Clarify, Understand, Select‐Plan, Do, Check, Act (FOCUS‐PDCA) model in nine steps during 2019−2020 in the city of Bandar Abbas. The Reproductive Health Literacy Scale and the Service Quality (SERVQUAL) Questionnaire were used to evaluate the interventions. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 26. A significance level of less than 0.05 was considered.ResultsThe mean age of women and men participating in the quantitative part of the study was 21 ± 5 and 25.84 ± 3.9 years, respectively, which was similar to their counterparts in this part of the study, and the difference in the mean scores of reproductive health literacy before and after the changes in the program showed a significant difference (p > 0.001). The study results showed that, except for the understanding dimension, most participants were at an insufficient level in other dimensions of reproductive health literacy. The result of measuring the satisfaction of service recipients indicated good satisfaction in the two dimensions of warranty and accountability, and there was a gap in empathy, assurance, and tangibility dimensions, which the biggest gap was related to the empathy dimension.ConclusionThe changes made in improving the reproductive health literacy of couples were effective, which can be taken into consideration based on the added items in the current program of providing educational services in marriage preparation classes for couples.
A comprehensive study on automatic non‐informative frame detection in colonoscopy videos
Authors: Kaçmaz Rukiye Nur , Doğan Refika Sultan , Yılmaz Bülent 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDespite today's developing healthcare technology, conventional colonoscopy is still a gold‐standard method to detect colon abnormalities. Due to the folded structure of the intestine and visual disturbances caused by artifacts, it can be hard for specialists to detect abnormalities during the procedure. Frames that include artifacts such as specular reflection, improper contrast levels from insufficient or excessive illumination gastric juice, bubbles, or residuals should be detected to increase an accurate diagnosis rate. In this work, both conventional machine learning and transfer learning methods have been used to detect non‐informative frames in colonoscopy videos. The conventional machine learning part consists of 5 different types of texture features, which are gray level co‐occurrence matrix (GLCM), gray level run length matrix (GLRLM), neighborhood gray‐tone difference matrix (NGTDM), focus measure operators (FMOs), and first‐order statistics. In addition to these methods, we utilized 8 different transfer learning models: AlexNet, SqueezeNet, GoogleNet, ShuffleNet, ResNet50, ResNet18, NasNetMobile, and MobileNet. The results showed that FMOs and decision tree combination gave the best accuracy and f‐measure values with almost 89% and 0.79%, respectively, for the conventional machine learning part. When the transfer learning part is taken into account, AlexNet (99.85%) and SqueezeNet (98.80%) have the highest performance metric results. This study shows the potential of both transfer learning and conventional machine learning algorithms to provide fast and accurate non‐informative frame detection to be used during a colonoscopy, which may be considered the initial step in identifying and classifying colon‐related diseases automatically to help guide physicians.
A brain tumour classification on the magnetic resonance images using convolutional neural network based privacy‐preserving federated learning
Authors: Ay Şevket , Ekinci Ekin , Garip Zeynep 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe healthcare industry has found it challenging to build a powerful global classification model due to the scarcity and diversity of medical data. The leading cause is privacy, which restricts data sharing among healthcare providers. Federated learning (FL) can contribute to developing classification models by protecting data privacy. This study has tested various federated techniques in a peer‐to‐peer setting to classify brain Magnetic Resonance Images (MRI). The authors propose various aggregation strategies for FL, including Federated Averaging (FedAvg), Quantum FL with FedAVG (QFedAvg) and Fault Tolerant FedAvg (Ft‐FedAvg) and FedAvg with differential privacy (Dp‐FedAvg). In each approach, a custom Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model is applied to compute locally run nodes with different parts of the same brain MRI dataset for 10, 20 and 30 training and test rounds. A central server and CNN‐based three federated clients are included in the FL‐based brain tumour classification model to exchange data and combine the model weights on the server, which are sent from local devices to the server. The superiority of the performance of the proposed model is demonstrated by comparing it with traditional methods on various performance metrics. Experimental results show that in brain MRI dataset classification using FL approaches, FedAVg showed the best performance with 85.55% and 84.60% success for 10 and 20 rounds, respectively, while Ft‐FedAvg showed the best performance with 85.80% success for 30 rounds for test set. Statistical results obtained from FL approaches showed that FedAvg and Ft‐FedAvg have superior performance with regard to accuracy and robustness in comparison with the others.
SUR LES CHALEURS DE COMBUSTION DE L'ACIDE SALICYLIQUE ET DU NAPHTALÈNE EN VUE DE LEUR UTILISATION ÉVENTUELLE COMME SECOND ÉTALON CALORIMÉTRIQUE
Authors: Keffler L. J. P. 
Published: January 2024

RéSUMé.a). Au cours d'un travail publié récemment dans ce bulletin1, et consacré en ordre principal à l‘étude de plusieurs substances susceptibles d‘être envisagées comme étalon calorimétrique à côté de l'acide benzoïque, étalon primaire, l'auteur m'invite à donner mon avis au sujet d'une certaine correction interspatiale qu'il a cru nécessaire d'appliquer à ses mesures thermométriques et qu'il s'est essayé d'appliquer provisoirement aux miennes.Je veux bien reconnaître que l'application de cette correction améliore sensiblement (en fait, à peu près dans le rapport du simple au double) la précision apparente des mesures propres à l'auteur, comme il est facile de s'en rendre compte par le calcul des erreurs moyennes correspondant à chacune des séries de déterminations, avant et après cette correction.Mais je ne puis m'empêcher de penser que le fait de devoir appliquer à ses mesures une correction de cette importance (pouvant atteindre 1 pour mille) — pour n'obtenir en fin de compte qu'une précision apparente deux à trois fois moindre que celle de ceux de ses devanciers dont la valeur trouvée pour la chaleur de combustion de l'acide salicylique ne concorde pas avec la sienne‐dénote, entre autres choses, que son thermomètre a été sollicité au‐delà de ses aptitudes. Ce fait, à lui seul, enlève aux mesures de l'auteur le caractère de très haute précision que le sujet réclame, surtout au point où en était la question au moment où M. Beckers a commencé ses mesures!En ce qui concerne mes propres déterminations, je montrerai que la correction interspatiale leur est absolument inapplicable, à tous les points de vue, et notamment:1) parce que l'auteur se sert d'un thermomètre à tige pleine, alors que j'utilise un thermomètre du type Beckmann, donc avec chemise et graduation indépendante;2) parce que la correction proposée par l'auteur dépend avant tout des défauts qui caractérisent son propre thermomètre dans les deux intervalles extrêmes choisis pour ses mesures;3) parce que je me suis mis à l'abri d'une estimation systématiquement erronée du millième de degré par l'emploi d'un appareil de mon invention 2), qui me permet de lire au lieu d'estimer le millième de degré;b) Concurremment avec la critique de la correction interspatiale, je me trouverai amené à émettre quelques considérations, contradictoires à celles de l'auteur, au sujet de la constant range method que j'ai proposée en 1926, après l'avoir essayée dès l'année précédente avec mon calorimètre adiabatique. Cette méthode a été adoptée par la suite par plusieurs chercheurs, et en particulier au Bureau International des Etalons Physico‐chimiques, à l'initiative de son distingué directeur.c) J'analyserai finalement les mesures de l'auteur, tant au point de vue de leur précision apparente que de leur exactitude probable.
Effectiveness of emicizumab in preventing bleeding events in severe and moderate hemophilia A: A single‐center experience in Bangladesh
Authors: Tory Sanzina Sadia , Ghosh Sujan , Nazneen Humayra , Farhad Nurul , Islam Salwa , Hasan Mohammad Jahid , Biswas Akhil Ranjan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractEmicizumab is a monoclonal antibody that bridges activated factor IX (FIX) and factor X (FX) to replace the function of missing activated factor VIII (FVIII) in hemophilia A patients irrespective of FVIII inhibitor status. This study assessed the effectiveness of emicizumab in preventing bleeding episodes in patients with hemophilia A. This observational study included patients with moderate to severe hemophilia A who were undergoing episodic FVIII replacement therapy. The primary endpoint was the difference in annualized bleeding rates (ABR) and the secondary endpoint was the difference in Hemophilia Joint Health Score (HJHS) before and after emicizumab prophylaxis. A total of 30 male hemophilia patients were included, the mean age was 16.7 (SD: ±8.1) years, and most of them had moderate hemophilia A [63.3%]. Before prophylaxis, the median ABR was 48 (interquartile range [IQR]: 35–60), and 93.3% of patients had ABR greater than eight, whereas after prophylaxis the median ABR decreased significantly (median [IQR]: 0 [0.0–0.4], p < 0.001), and 56.7% had zero bleeds. ABR was not significantly different in patient with and without FVIII inhibitors. The HJHS scores significantly improved after prophylaxis (10 vs. 2.5, p < 0.001). The bleeding events were reduced significantly (23 vs. 0.0, p < 0.001), and zero new target joints were reported after prophylaxis. Most of the patients [93.3%] did not face any serious adverse events after prophylaxis. Emicizumab prophylaxis was associated with a significantly lower rate of bleeding events among participants with hemophilia A, regardless of inhibitor status.
Effects of child trauma screening on trauma‐informed multidisciplinary evaluation and service planning in the child welfare system
Authors: Connell Christian M. , Swanson Ann Shun , Genovese Maegan , Lang Jason M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDespite the prevalence of exposure to potentially traumatic events (PTEs) among children involved with the child welfare system (CWS), trauma screening is not yet a common practice. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of embedding a formal trauma screening process in statewide multidisciplinary evaluations for CWS‐involved youth. A retrospective record review was conducted with two random samples of cases reflecting both pre‐ and postimplementation of formal screening procedures (n = 70 preimplementation, n = 100 postimplementation). Findings from the record review indicate statistically significant improvements in the documentation of general, χ2(1, N = 170) = 18.8, p < .001, and specific, χ2(1, N = 170) = 10.7, p = .001, details of children's reactions associated with PTE exposure, as well as increases in providers’ recommendations, χ2(1, N = 170) = 18.1, p < .001, and referrals, χ2(1, N = 170) = 4.5, p = .034, for trauma‐focused services. The early identification of trauma‐related symptoms may help connect children more promptly to trauma‐informed evidence‐based interventions, which may avert or mitigate the long‐term sequelae of child maltreatment and CWS involvement.
Assessing and predicting the influence of chromophoric dissolved organic matter on light absorption by phytoplankton in boreal lakes
Authors: Ahonen Salla A. , Vuorio Kristiina M. , Jones Roger I. , Hämäläinen Heikki , Rantamo Krista , Tiirola Marja , Vähätalo Anssi V. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMany boreal lakes are colored brown due to strong light absorption by chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM), which reduces light penetration into the water column. However, the influence of CDOM on the fraction of photosynthetically utilizable radiation (PUR) absorbed by phytoplankton from the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) entering the lake (i.e., PUR/PAR) remains largely unknown. Here, we (1) quantified PUR/PAR values and examined the major water quality parameters determining PUR/PAR from 128 sampled boreal lakes, (2) predicted PUR/PAR values for 2250 reference boreal lakes, and (3) estimated the response of PUR/PAR to typical browning trends reported in earlier studies. The PUR/PAR values ranged from 0.4% to 17% in the sampled lakes, and a logarithmic model including CDOM and chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentration was the most parsimonious for predicting PUR/PAR values. Applying the model to the reference lakes, PUR/PAR values ranged from 0.5% to 20% (median 3%). In the model, an increase in CDOM content decreases the PUR/PAR value, but a concurrent increase in Chl a concentration with the CDOM partly compensates the negative effect of CDOM on the PUR/PAR values. Assuming that browning increases both CDOM and Chl a contents, as found for our reference lakes, our model suggests that the decrease in light absorption by phytoplankton in response to a typical degree of browning is only moderate. The moderate response of the PUR/PAR to browning may be explained by photoacclimation of phytoplankton to lowered light availability, and/or an increased loading of nutrients to lakes both leading to higher Chl a concentration.