bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing reliability and validity of the Chinese version of Crown–Crisp experience index and its application in coal miners
Authors: Cai Fulin , Xue Sheng , Zhang Mei , Zhang Jing , Chen Xiufeng , Bao Yi , Li Yaqiang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn China, coal miners are the primary workforce in coal mining, and among all patients with occupational diseases, 90% suffer from pneumoconiosis. Therefore, the psychological problems resulting from the dual pressures of occupational stress and the high risk of occupational diseases among coal miners are significant factors that affect the development of physical and mental health and even production safety. The Crown–Crisp Experience Index (CCEI) is a multidimensional questionnaire that assesses the psychological state of patients. This study aims to test reliability and validity of Chinese version of the CCEI questionnaire using factor analysis, and apply it to coal miners. We recruited a total of 900 participants from different occupational stages in coal mining, including active miners, Coal Workers’ Pneumoconiosis (CWP) patients, and retired miners, to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the CCEI questionnaire. A questionnaire survey was conducted on three groups of 1000 individuals each, including active coal miners, retired coal miners, and pneumoconiosis patients, to determine the detection rate of psychological problems in each group. An analysis was performed for each group to explore the primary factors influencing anxiety. The exploratory factor analysis yielded six principal components that accounted for a total of 79.389% of variances. The confirmatory factor analysis showed that the Chi-square freedom ratio (χ2/df) was 1.843, the root mean square error approximation was less than 0.044, and the comparative fit index was 0.938 and Tucker–Lewis index (TLI) was 0.934. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.948, and the scale-level content validity index (S-CVI) was 0.88. Effective questionnaires were obtained from 98.5%, 96.9%, to 91.0% of pneumoconiosis patients, active miners, and retired miners, respectively, with the incidence rates of psychological problems being 21%, 35.8%, and 13.6%, respectively. Compared with retired miners, active miners showed higher levels of psychological problems in the dimensions of depressive symptoms, free-floating anxiety and somatic symptoms, whereas pneumoconiosis patients had higher levels of psychological problems in the dimensions of phobic anxiety and somatic symptoms. This study demonstrates that the Chinese version of the CCEI is highly reliable and valid and can be used as a screening tool to measure patients' anxiety and fear levels in coal minders. Miners face distinct psychological challenges at different stages and require targeted screening and interventions.
Advances in nuclear detection and readout techniques
Authors: He Rui , Niu Xiao-Yang , Wang Yi , Liang Hong-Wei , Liu Hong-Bang , Tian Ye , Zhang Hong-Lin , Zou Chao-Jie , Liu Zhi-Yi , Zhang Yun-Long , Yang Hai-Bo , Huang Ju , Wang Hong-Kai , Han Wei-Jia , Cao Bei , Chen Gang , Dai Cong , Duan Li-Min , Fan Rui-Rui , Fu Fang-Fa , Guo Jian-Hua , Han Dong , Jiang Wei , Li Xian-Qin , Li Xin , Li Zhuo-Dai , Liang Yu-Tie , Liao Shun , Lin De-Xu , Liu Cheng-Ming , Liu Guo-Rui , Liu Jun-Tao , Long Ze , Niu Meng-Chen , Qiu Hao , Ran Hu , Sun Xiang-Ming , Wang Bo-Tan , Wang Jia , Wang Jin-Xiang , Wang Qi-Lin , Wang Yong-Sheng , Xia Xiao-Chuan , Xie Hao-Qing , Yang He-Run , Yin Hong , Yuan Hong , Zhang Chun-Hui , Zhao Rui-Guang , Zheng Ran , Zhao Cheng-Xin 
Published: December 2023

Abstract“A Craftsman Must Sharpen His Tools to Do His Job,” said Confucius. Nuclear detection and readout techniques are the foundation of particle physics, nuclear physics, and particle astrophysics to reveal the nature of the universe. Also, they are being increasingly used in other disciplines like nuclear power generation, life sciences, environmental sciences, medical sciences, etc. The article reviews the short history, recent development, and trend of nuclear detection and readout techniques, covering Semiconductor Detector, Gaseous Detector, Scintillation Detector, Cherenkov Detector, Transition Radiation Detector, and Readout Techniques. By explaining the principle and using examples, we hope to help the interested reader underst and this research field and bring exciting information to the community.
Development of aluminum composite reinforced with selected agricultural residues
Authors: Osunmakinde L. , Asafa T. B. , Agboola P. O. , Durowoju M. O. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe use of agricultural residue has been considered an economic and environmentally friendly approach for development of aluminium composites. In this study, Al powder (Al) was reinforced with coconut shell ash (CSA), rice husk ash (RHA), and cassava peel ash (CPA) for enhanced physicomechanical performance of the resulting composites. Five samples (Ao–Al, A1–Al + 15RHA, A2–Al + 5CSA + 5RHA + 5CPA, A3–Al + 15CPA, and A4–Al + 15RHA) were prepared in a two-step stir-casting technique and characterized based on physical, mechanical and metallurgical properties. Microstructural analysis revealed that all the particles bonded well with the aluminum alloy. The densities of samples A1, A2, A3, and A4 reduced by 4.78%, 7.75%, 11.44%, and 14.76%, respectively compared to the control sample Ao while porosities rose by 2.1%, 2.23%, 2.56%, and 2.98% respectively. Sample A2 has the highest tensile strength (39.84 MPa) and hardness (120 HBR) which denote 33.60% and 64.27% enhancement compared to the unreinforced sample. These observations can be attributed to the presence of intermetallic compounds such as Fe3Si and Al6Fe present in the composites as well as uniformly distributed and strongly bounded reinforcement within the aluminum matrix. The composite made from the combination of the three reinforcements gave the best physicomechanical properties and therefore recommended for engineering applications.
Prospect of immunotherapy alone in patients with advanced NSCLC with high btmb: a review and a meta-analysis
Authors: Zhao Feiyu , Qiu Xiaochen , Yang Qinna , Gao Shuyue , Yang Fan , Qian Niansong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractLung cancer is the most prevalent cancer in the world, and the main treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer is immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy. In recent years, bTMB has received increasing attention as an emerging metric for monitoring the efficacy of tumour immunotherapy in terms of its operability, accessibility and real-time nature. We envisaged whether immunotherapy alone could be used to reduce the side effects of chemotherapy in patients with high bTMB lung cancer. We thus did a meta-analysis in order to show that immunotherapy alone is feasible in patients with high bTMB NSCLC.Methods This study aims to compare the efficacy of PD- 1/PD-L1 inhibitors (namely, atezolizumab, pembrolizumab, nivolumab, or tislelizumab) versus chemotherapy in NSCLC patients. The search for relevant studies was conducted in three major databases (i.e., PubMed, Embase, and Medline) up until January 2023. Specifically, we identified studies that reported risk ratios (HRs) for reporting progression-free survival (PFS) or overall survival (OS), or objective remission rates (ORs) for immunotherapy alone versus chemotherapy in high bTMB and low bTMB patient groups. Given that NSCLC represents the predominant type of lung cancer, we exclusively focused on this subtype. Our analysis encompassed a meta-analysis of the identified literature, incorporating heterogeneity analysis and sensitivity analysis. The quality of the evidence is evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach to ascertain the reliability and robustness of the findings.Result-We conducted a meta-analysis of seven randomised controlled trials including 4,755 patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) evaluated the efficacy of PD- 1 or PD-L1 monotherapy compared to chemotherapy alone. All patients were randomized to receive either PD- 1/PD-L1 treatment alone or chemotherapy alone as a control. In the high bTMB patient group, PD- 1/PD-L1 monotherapy resulted in significant improvements in overall survival (HR = 0.55, 95% CI 0.49–0.61, p = 0.77) and progression-free survival (HR = 0.74, 95% CI 0.68–0.81, p = 0.78) compared to chemotherapy alone. Conversely, in the low bTMB patient group, PD- 1 monotherapy or PD-L1 monotherapy failed to demonstrate significant improvements in overall survival (HR = 0.82, 95% CI 0.73–0.92, p = 0. 13) and progression-free survival (HR = 1.22, 95% CI 1.22- 1.45, p = 0.003) in advanced NSCLC. Conclusion Our analysis suggests that monotherapy with immunotherapy is a feasible option for patients with advanced NSCLC and high bTMB. However, the results have to be construed with caution because of the small sample size and the potential bias in the studies included. Therefore, further research with larger sample sizes and rigorous study designs is necessary to confirm the observed benefits of immunotherapy in this patient population.
A Domain Knowledge Transformer Model for Occupation Profiling
Authors: Ai Zhou , Yijia Zhang , Mingyu Lu 
Published: December 2023

AbstractOccupation profiling is a subtask of authorship profiling that is broadly defined as an analysis of individuals’ writing styles. Although the problem has been widely explored, no previous studies have attempted to identify Chinese classical poetry. Inspired by Trudgill’s seminal work on stylistic variation as a function of occupation, we present a novel Domain-Knowledge Transformer model to predict a poet’s occupation through their poems’ writing styles. Different from other Indo-European languages, Chinese has rarely used characters and two types of writing forms: traditional Chinese and simplified Chinese. To tackle these problems, we use the language-related component to standardize our input. We also use alphabetization to satisfy the restrictions on rhyming rules and tonal styles. As a special literal form, traditional domain knowledge, for example, named entities, themes, ages and the official career path, is valuable for poet occupation profiling. However, due to the lack of appropriate annotation datasets, it is difficult to recognize these features. Therefore, we proposed the domain knowledge component employing the latent Dirichletal location model to capture the extra theme information and establish named entity dictionaries to recognize the named entity of the datasets in this study. Finally, in the deep learning component, we combine Transformer with a convolutional neural network (CNN) model to perform occupation profiling. The experimental results suggest that our model is effective in this task. Moreover, the results demonstrate an account of other social attribution features of poetry style that are predictive of occupation in this domain.
Ritualized into adulthood: the scarcity of youth-focused rites of passage in America
Authors: Burrow Heather Marie 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis paper compares the physical, social, psychological, and legal developmental milestones experienced by youth that demonstrate their gradual ‘passage’ into young adulthood to the existing communal rites that celebrate these milestone transitions. This comparison shows the scarcity of such vital rite celebrations in contemporary America. Instead, there has been a switch to age-focused ritualization activities for youth becoming adults. This has led to an ineffective and unfulfilling coming-of-age experience for many. Self-oriented or group-oriented rites have emerged to meet the current felt need that are enacted by youth themselves. This has created a lack of a solid sense of adult identity and contributes to the formation of a new life-stage known as “emerging adulthood.” Considering the potential for transformative rites, I argue we need to construct new ways of acknowledging and ritualizing the important transitions youth experience, utilizing the already existing developmental milestones they experience as our basis.
The transfer of vineyard ownership during the French Revolution: A pivotal event in the history of French wine
Authors: Phillips Rod 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn 1790, the Revolutionary government expropriated most property owned by the Church and its entities, and sold it by auction. This effectively ended the centuries-old participation of the Church in wine production in France. Focusing on Burgundy, this article sketches the contours of the sale of vineyards and other wine-related property owned by the Church. It shows that auctions fetched prices well above the assessed value of the properties that were sold and speculates on the reasons.
DEMOCRATIC STATE, AUTOCRATIC METHOD: THE REFORM OF HUMAN RIGHTS LAW IN THE UNITED KINGDOM
Authors: Amos Merris 
Published: December 2023

AbstractOn 22 June 2022 the Bill of Rights Bill to replace the Human Rights Act 1998 was introduced to the United Kingdom (UK) Parliament. Just over a year later, it was withdrawn. This was not a minor update, as claimed by the Conservative government, but a wholesale revision of a fundamental feature of UK constitutional arrangements. Given that the UK has no codified constitution, it is not out of the ordinary for constitutional change to proceed via ordinary Act of Parliament. But what was unusual was the informal methods used by the government in its attempt to push through its bill of rights. Searching for a word or phrase to capture what happened over this time in the UK is difficult, not only because of the absence of a conventional method for constitutional change. Most scholarship focuses on formal rather than informal processes for amendment. The purpose of this article is therefore to make a contribution towards filling this gap by introducing the phrase ‘autocratic method’ to describe a particular method of constitutional change as opposed to its substance. Using existing scholarship, and examples from other States, a preliminary definition and essential features of the autocratic method are set out. Further detail is gained through a study of the attempted replacement of the Human Rights Act. Whilst the Bill of Rights Bill is no longer going ahead, this episode in UK constitutional history contains important lessons not just for the UK but for any State embarking on a process of constitutional change.
The order-K-ification monads
Authors: Hou Huijun , Miao Hualin , Li Qingguo 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMonads prove to be useful mathematical tools in theoretical computer science, notably in denoting different effects of programming languages. In this paper, we investigate a type of monads which arise naturally from Keimel and Lawson’s
$\mathbf{K}$
-ification.A subcategory of
$\mathbf{TOP}_{\mathbf{0}}$
is called of type
$\mathrm{K}^{*}$
if it consists of monotone convergence spaces and is of type
$\mathrm K$
in the sense of Keimel and Lawson. Each such category induces a canonical monad
$\mathcal K$
on the category
$\mathbf{DCPO}$
of dcpos and Scott-continuous maps, which is called the order-
$\mathbf{K}$
-ification monad in this paper. First, for each category of type
$\mathrm{K}^{*}$
, we characterize the algebras of the corresponding monad
$\mathcal K$
as k-complete posets and algebraic homomorphisms as k-continuous maps, from which we obtain that the order-
$\mathbf{K}$
-ification monad gives the free k-complete poset construction over the category
$\mathbf{POS}_{\mathbf{d}}$
of posets and Scott-continuous maps. In addition, we show that all k-complete posets and Scott-continuous maps form a Cartesian closed category. Moreover, we consider the strongness of the order-K-ification monad and conclude with the fact that each order-K-ification monad is always commutative.
CsA promotes trophoblast invasion accompanied by changes in leukaemic inhibitory factor and fibroblast growth factor in peri-implantation blastocysts
Authors: Li Dan , Jie Qiuling , Li Qi , Long Ping , Wang Zhen , Wang Jiaxing , Tian Shengnan , Wu Menglan , Ma Yanlin , Huang Yuanhua 
Published: December 2023

SummaryDuring the early stages of human pregnancy, successful implantation of embryonic trophoblast cells into the endometrium depends on good communication between trophoblast cells and the endometrium. Abnormal trophoblast cell function can cause embryo implantation failure. In this study, we added cyclosporine A (CsA) to the culture medium to observe the effect of CsA on embryonic trophoblast cells and the related mechanism. We observed that CsA promoted the migration and invasion of embryonic trophoblast cells. CsA promoted the expression of leukaemic inhibitory factor (LIF) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF). In addition, CsA promoted the secretion and volume increase in vesicles in the CsA-treated group compared with the control group. Therefore, CsA may promote the adhesion and invasion of trophoblast cells through LIF and FGF and promote the vesicle dynamic process, which is conducive to embryo implantation.
Discussion of the do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders with the family caregivers of cancer patients: An example from a major cancer center in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al-Shahri Mohammad Z. , Sroor Mahmoud , Ghareeb Wael Ali Said , Alhassanin Suzan , Ateya Heba Aly 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo explore the views of the family caregivers (FCGs) about the “do-not-resuscitate” (DNR) discussions and decision-making processes that occurred during hospitalization in a Saudi cancer center.MethodsIn this cross-sectional survey, the FCGs of inpatients with advanced cancer completed a self-administered questionnaire soon after giving the patients a DNR status designation by their oncologists.ResultsEighty-two FCGs participated in the study, with a median age of 36.5 years and male preponderance (70.7%). The FCGs were mostly sons (41.5%), daughters (14%), or brothers (11%) of patients. Only 13.4% of mentally competent patients had the chance to listen to the DNR discussion. The discussion mainly occurred in the ward corridor (48.8%) or another room away from the patients’ rooms (35.4%). In 36.6% of cases, the discussion took ≤5 minutes. Half of the FCGs stated that the oncologists’ justifications for the DNR decision were unconvincing. The majority (84.2%) of the FCGs felt that the healthcare providers should share the DNR decision-making with patients (1.2%), families (69.5%), or both (13.4%). FCGs ≤ 30 years of age were more supportive of giving patients’ families a chance to participate in the DNR decision-making process (p = 0.012).Significance of resultsThere is considerable room for improving the current practice of DNR discussions and decision-making processes in the studied setting. A readily feasible rectifying measure is to ensure the adequacy of time and privacy when planning for DNR discussions. We expect our findings to draw the attention of stakeholders to a compelling need for reviewing the current policies and processes, aiming to improve the experience of cancer patients and their FCGs.
Response of cotton at different growth stages to imazapyr
Authors: Marshall Michael W. , Williams Mitchell B. , Jones Michael A. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
A significant proportion of the forested production area in South Carolina is managed using aerial applications of imazapyr. Cotton injury from off-target movement of imazapyr has been observed in South Carolina. Field experiments were conducted twice at the Edisto Research and Education Center (EREC) in 2021 and 2022, and once at the Pee Dee Research and Education Center (PDREC) in 2022, to evaluate the response of cotton at two growth stages to imazapyr at 0.1×, 0.05×, 0.025×, 0.0125×, and 0.00625× of the normal use rate of 0.84 kg ae ha−1. Injury to cotton at the vegetative stage was 86% and 74% at 0.1× and 0.05× imazapyr rates 28 d after application (DAA). Cotton height ranged from 23 to 93 cm at all three locations. Yield at the EREC location in 2021 was reduced by 79%, 48%, and 31% at the 0.1×, 0.05×, and 0.025× rates of imazapyr, respectively. Similar reductions from imazapyr were observed at both EREC and PDREC in 2022. Injury to cotton at the reproductive stage based on visual estimates at 28 DAA ranged from 95% to 64% for the 0.1× to 0.0125× rates, respectively. Cotton height at the reproductive stage was reduced to 59% of the untreated control 28 DAA when the 0.1× rate of imazapyr was applied. Seed cotton (which included both seed and lint) yield ranged from 0 to 2,880 kg ha−1 at the three locations in both years. Seed cotton yield was lowest when imazapyr was applied at the 0.1× to 0.025× rates. Cotton exposure to imazapyr at the vegetative and reproductive growth stages resulted in plant injury, height, and yield reductions, especially at the higher rates of imazapyr. The greatest reduction in cotton growth and yield was observed after exposure at the reproductive growth stage regardless of imazapyr rate. In summary, the magnitude of cotton response to imazapyr depends on crop growth stage and imazapyr concentration at the time of exposure with the greatest impact occurring at the reproductive growth stage.
Stresserleben und Stresssymptomatik von Kindern und Jugendlichen in Zeiten der COVID-19-Pandemie
Authors: Rüth Jana-Elisa , Döring Lena , Baier Annalena , Essing Kira , Wagner Stephanie , Lohaus und Arnold 
Published: December 2023

Zusammenfassung: Theoretischer Hintergrund: Insbesondere für Kinder und Jugendliche war die COVID-19-Pandemie mit vielen Herausforderungen verbunden, die mit Stress assoziiert sind. Fragestellung: Es wird mehr Stresserleben und eine stärkere Stresssymptomatik während der Pandemie sowie eine längsschnittliche Mediation durch Emotionsregulation erwartet. Methode: Im Herbst 2020 ( NT1 = 173) und 2022 ( NT2 = 121) wurden Gymnasiast_innen der Klassenstufen 5 bis 8 (T1) bzw. 7 bis 10 (T2) zum Stresserleben, zur körperlichen Stresssymptomatik sowie zur Emotionsregulation befragt. Eine Substichprobe ( n = 71) nahm an beiden Befragungen teil. Ergebnisse: Im Vergleich zur Normstichprobe (2018) zeigte sich zu T1 und T2 konsistent ein erhöhtes Stresserleben. Für die Stresssymptomatik zeigte sich eine Mediation durch dysfunktionale Emotionsregulation. Diskussion und Schlussfolgerung: Während der COVID-19-Pandemie war das Stresserleben erhöht. Emotionsregulation scheint bedeutsam für die Stresssymptomatik zu sein.
Conscientiousness Can Predict Academic Performance – Even in	High-Stake Setting
Authors: Danner Daniel , Höft Stefan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract: We investigated, to what extent Conscientiousness can predict academic performance in a real application high-stakes setting. N = 267 applicants for a place at a university completed a Conscientiousness questionnaire during the selection process and 6 weeks after they commenced their studies. Students’ academic grades were used as criterion variables. The results suggest that the high-stakes setting increases the level of Conscientiousness reported, that not all applicants change their answers to the same extent and that the high-stakes setting decreases the criterion-related validity, but Conscientiousness remains a useful predictor for academic performance in high-stakes settings.