bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photoakustische Spektroskopie an farbigen lichtstreuenden Flüssigkeiten (Photoacoustic Spectroscopy on Coloured and Lightscattering Liquids)
Authors: Schloßer Uwe , Schollmeyer Eckhard , Patz Claus-Dieter , Dietrich Helmut 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
Wie die photoakustischen Messungen zeigen, ist es möglich, Spektren zu bestimmen, die herkömmlichen photometrischen Spektren äquivalent sind. Dies konnte durch Messungen an wasserlöslichen Systemen gezeigt werden. Die Messungen an Dispersionsfarbstoffsystemen und naturtrüben Frucht- und Gemüsesäften ergeben qualitative Spektren, die nicht oder nur sehr wenig von lichtstreuenden Effekten überlagert sind. Dies wird zum einen belegt durch photometrische Messungen, die im Vergleich mit PA-Spektren keine farbspezifischen Strukturen im gesamten Wellenlängenbereich aufzeigen. Weiter belegt wird diese Aussage aus den durchgeführten PA-Messungen an Konzentrationsreihen mit Dispersionsfarbstoffsystemen. Diese Spektren haben keinen konzentrationsabhängigen „Offset“ in den Wellenlängenbereichen, in denen keine Absorption vorliegt. Photometrische Messungen an von Textilien extrahierten und gelösten Dispersionsfarbstoffen ergeben Spektren, die qualitativ gleichwertig sind zu PA-Spektren, gemessen an dispergierten Systemen.
Access in mesoporous materials: Advantages of a uniform pore structure in the design of a heavy metal ion adsorbent for environmental remediation
Authors: Mercier Louis , Pinnavaia Thomas J. 
Published: December 2004

The access of guest species to the binding sites of adsorbent determines the metal‐binding capacity of materials, which is important for example in environmental remediation efforts. It is shown that MP‐HMS, the mercaptopropylsilane‐functionalized derivative of the molecualr sieve HMS, with its regular pore structure is a much better Hg2⊕ absorbent than silica gels, in which functionalization leads to pore blocking (see Figure). magnified image
Brain death: II. Neuropathological correlation with the radioisotopic bolus technique for evaluation of critical deficit of cerebral blood flow
Authors: Pearson John , Korein Julius , Harris James H. , Wichter Melvin , Braunstein Philip 
Published: December 2004

AbstractDiffuse necrosis and autolysis were found in the brains from 6 comatose, respirator‐supported patients in whom the bolus technique demonstrated no cerebral blood flow during a period exceeding 20 hours prior to cardiac death. When blood flow was insufficient to produce a bolus, there was no evidence of active tissue response to necrosis. In 6 similar patients when cerebral blood flow was detected by the bolus technique, less extensive necrosis was observed postmortem and there was active tissue response.
Distribution of cerebral blood flow in the dominant hemisphere during motor ideation and motor performance
Authors: Ingvar David H. , Philipson Lars 
Published: December 2004

AbstractDistribution of activity in the dominant (left) hemisphere was studied with a multidetector instrument during diagnostic measurements of regional cerebral blood flow in 6 patients, 4 of them neurologically normal. Computer‐calculated charts, in color, of the flow/activity distribution—“cerebral ideograms”—were obtained in three situations: at rest, during motor ideation (attempts to conceive of rhythmic clenching movements of the right hand), and during actual movements of the right hand. Motor ideation changed the normal “hyperfrontal” resting flow distribution, and an increase of the hemisphere mean flow was recorded. The increase was especially marked in frontal and temporal structures. This pattern differed from the one during actual hand movements, when a rolandic flow increase was seen. The result suggests that centers for motor ideation have a different cerebral location than those which control the actual hand movement.
Sequential cerebral biochemical and physiological events in controlled hypoxemia
Authors: Kogure Kyuya , Scheinberg Peritz , Utsunomiya Yoichi , Kishikawa Hidemi , Busto Raul 
Published: December 2004

AbstractEffects of controlled hypoxemia on cerebral functional activity were studied in rats using cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and aminergic neurotransmitters in the brain tissue as special references. Evidence is presented that: (1) mild hypoxemic stress (Pa 60 to 40 torr) may activate cerebral glycolysis with no evidence of anaerobic metabolism but that further reduction Pa impairs cellular respiration, as evidenced by accumulation of glycolytic products; (2) glycogenolysis in the brain tissue, leakage of potassium ions from the brain cell, increase in brain water, and suppression of neural functional activity occur concomitant with accumulation of cAMP and prior to the fall of adenosine triphosphate; (3) the diminution of cerebral high‐energy phosphates during hypoxia is associated with and may be caused by hypoxemia‐induced neuroglycopenia and occurs at Pa 15 torr; (4) induced hypoxemia per se does not affect the level of aminergic neurotransmitter substances in brain tissue.
The human thalamocortical sensory path in the internal capsule: Evidence from a small capsular hemorrhage causing a pure sensory stroke
Authors: Groothuis Dennis R. , Duncan Gary W. , Fisher C. Miller 
Published: December 2004

AbstractA patient is presented who suffered a strokelike event during life that resulted in a hemisensory deficit for some modalities. On pathological examination of the brain, the lesion responsible for the deficit was found to be a small slit hemorrhage located in the posterior limb of the internal capsule adjacent to and minimally involving the thalamus. Clinicopathological correlation suggests that the sensory thalamocortical radiations must lie farther posterior in the posterior limb of the internal capsule than the corticospinal motor fibers, and that they probably lie adjacent to the thalamus. The case emphasizes that small slit hemorrhages deep in the brain, although rare, must be considered in the differential diagnosis of sudden hemisensory deficits.
The therapeutic use of glucocorticoid hormones in the perinatal period: Potential neurological hazards
Authors: Weichsel Morton E. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe expanding perinatal use of glucocorticoids entails potentially hazardous effects of these hormones on nervous system development. Neonatal animal experimentation with pharmacological doses of glucocorticoids has revealed immediate effects on brain cell division, differentiation, myelination, and electrophysiological reactions. In addition, delayed (latent) effects include changes in control of circadian periodicity, altered biogenic amine levels, altered response to stress, and changes in ultimate behavior. Thus perinatal hormone therapy during critical periods of brain development is capable of exerting irreversible immediate effects on brain cell division and differentiation, resulting in latent or long‐term physiological and behavioral effects.
An electrooculographic study of internuclear ophthalmoplegia
Authors: Kirkham Trevor H. , Katsarkas Athanassios 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe eye movements of 25 patients with internuclear ophthalmoplegia were recorded by electrooculography. The velocity of adducting saccades was markedly less than normal. The velocity of abducting sacades was within the normal range, but statistically there was a wider distribution. Recordings were made in 2 patients several months after the onset of internuclear ophthalmoplegia, at which time the adducting eye velocity was greater than the abducting eye velocity. A patient with a unilateral medial fasciculus lesion showed marked overshoot of the abducting eye on contralateral saccades and overshoot of both eyes toward the side of the lesion. Optokinetic and postcaloric nystagmus were recorded, and the slow phase showed increasing velocity exponential waveform for the abducting eye. The recordings also showed decreasing velocity exponential waveform for the abducting eye. Downbeat nystagmus was as common as upbeat nystagmus in our patients. The findings appear to confirm the theoretical analysis of the eye movement disorder in internuclear ophthalmoplegia provided by Pola and Robinson as modified by recent experimental work in primates.
Glucocorticoid effects on the edrophonium responsiveness of normal and degenerating mammalian motor nerve terminals
Authors: Hall Edward D. , Riker Walter F. , Baker Thomas 
Published: December 2004

AbstractAn intensive short‐term triamcinolone regimen in cats preserves the prejunctional actions of edrophonium in degenerating motor nerves. These edrophonium actions include the induction of a stimulus‐dependent afterdischarge and the initiation of fasciculations. The relationship between fasciculations and stimulus‐dependent afterdischarge is discussed. The glucocorticoid preservation of these edrophonium effects is like that previously reported for the preservation of posttetanic facilitation in motor nerves equally compromised. The results therefore show that glucocorticoid and facilitatory drug actions synergize to increase facilitation in degenerating but still functional motor nerves. This drug synergy is comparable to that which occurs in normal motor nerves. This interaction may provide a basis for effectively combining glucocorticoid and facilitatory drugs in the treatment of myasthenia gravis.
The relationship of voluntary movement of spasticity in the upper motor neuron syndrome
Authors: Sahrmann Shirley A. , Norton Barbara J. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractHyperactive strethch reflexes in the upper motor neuron (UMN) syndrome are frequently cited as an impediment to volitional movement. The assumption is that neural or mechanical activity of the hyperactive antagonist interferes with agonist function. The validity of this assumption was examined by evaluating quantitative and qualitative relationships between stretch reflexes and voluntary movement.Sixteen patients with chronic UMN symptoms and 8 normal volunteers were tested. Joint position and integrated electromyograms from primary flexors and extensors were recorded. Quantitated values of (1) reflex response to controlled passive motion by an automated system, (2) a maximal voluntary isometric contraction, and (3) the time required for ten voluntary rapid repetitive movements (RRM) of alternating elbow flexion and extension were obtained.Passive movement elicited tonic reflexes, which predominated during muscle stretch in patients and during muscle shortening in the volunteers. Ratios of the EMG activity elicited during stretch, shortening, and isometric activity were used as measures of spasticity and were compared with the time for RRM. A positive correlation between elbow flexor spasticity and the time for RRM was shown. Qualitative analysis of the EMG activity during voluntary isotonic movement, however, showed that primary impairment of movement is not due to antagonist stretch reflexes, but rather to limited and prolonged recruitment of agonist contraction and delayed cessation of agonist contraction at the termination of movement.
Globoid cells, glial nodules, and peculiar fibrillary changes in the cerebro‐hepato‐renal syndrome of zellweger
Authors: de León Guillermo A. , Grover Warren D. , Huff Dale S. , Morinigo‐Mestre Gladys , Punnett Hope H. , Kistenmacher Mildred L. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractIn addition to a distinct malformation (pachymicrogyria, heterotaxic lamination of the cerebellar cortex, olivary dysplasia), unusual degenerative changes were found in the nervous system of 2 unrelated babies with the Zellweger syndrome. Cerebral clefts were present in 1 case. In both infants there was neuron loss and accumulation of glial nodules and globoid cells in the gray matter as well as degeneration of the white matter. There was fatty change in astrocytes and diffuse gliosis. Neurons in the column of Clarke and the lateral cuneate nucleus showed peculiar fibrillary changes. Cytoplasmic inclusion bodies were seen in the spinal ganglia. Swelling of cortical astrocytes was remarkable in the older infant. The combination of a rare malformation with the cell changes described here gives the syndrome a unique neuropathological profile.
Tables of cranial and orbital measurements, cranial volume, and derived indexes in males and females from 7 days to 20 years of age
Authors: Dekaban Anatole S. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractA series of head measurements were made in both sexes during the growth period from 7 days to 20 years of age. The measurements included head circumference, breadth, length, and height as well as interpupillary distance and the lateral orbital and medial canthal dimensions; all were expressed as means ± standard deviation in centimeters. In addition, cranial volumes were calculated from the three cranial dimensions according to a previosuly validated formula, and various cranial and orbital indexes were determined for all growth stages.The increments of all measurements are greatest during the first 12 months of life. At 1 year of age, the cranial volume has increased by a factor of 2.3 and the head circumference, cranial breadth, length, and height by a factor of 1.4 over that at birth. Subsequently the pace of growth slows; at 5 years of age cranial volume has increased up to a total factor of about 3 while head circumference and the other three cranial measurements have expanded by a factor of about 1.5 over the dimensions at birth. By 20 years of age the cranial volume is about 3.8 times that at birth, and the head circumference and the three principal cranial dimensions have increased by a total factor of about 1.6. Clinical applications of the measurements, cranial volume, and certain indexes are listed.
The rate of CSF formation in man: Preliminary observations on metrizamide washout as a measure of CSF bulk flow
Authors: Rottenberg David A. , Howieson John , Deck Michael D. F. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractMetrizamide, a nonionic, water‐soluble contrast agent, was injected into the ventricular system of 3 patients with indwelling ventricular catheters and subcutaneous cerebrospinal fluid reservoirs. A first‐order rate constant, k, for metrizamide washout from the right lateral ventricle was determined with reference to mean ventricular metrizamide concentration on serial CAT scans; right ventricular volume, V, was estimated after metrizamide injection by multiplying the appropriate ventricular area on consecutive CAT slices by the nominal slice thickness. The rat of right lateral ventricular CSF formation, If, in our 3 patients was calculated as k × V and ranged from 0.83 to 0.103 ml per minute.
The hypothalamus in parkinson disease
Authors: Langston J. William , Forno Lysia S. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe hypothalamus was systematically examined in 30 patients with pathologically documented idiopathic parkinsonism. Using Lewy body formation as a marker for nerve cell degeneration, we observed abnormalities in every hypothalamus examined. Of the thirteen hypothalamic nuclei that could be individually identified, none were exempt from Lewy body degeneration. The tuberomamillary nucleus and the lateral and posterior hypothalamic nuclei demonstrated the highest average Lewy body counts (16, 9, and 3, respectively); they were also the most frequently involved nuclei. These findings may aid in interpretation of the autonomic and endocrine abnormalities in patients with Parkinson disease.
Further evidence of a possible association between house dogs and multiple sclerosis
Authors: Cook Stuart D. , Natelson Benjamin H. , Levin Barry E. , Chavis Pamela S. , Dowling Peter C. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe present study was undertaken because of the recent report of an association between familial multiple sclerosis (MS) and prior ownership of a small pet. Forty‐five patients with sporadic MS were retrospectively compared with 45 closely matched controls and were found to have owned a significantly greater number of indoor dogs prior to the onset of MS. Importantly, the MS patients had also had more exposure to neurologically ill dogs in the five years before the onset of symptoms. These new data further support the hypothesis that house dogs may serve as an animal vector in MS.
The cervical myelopathy associated with rheumatoid arthritis: Analysis of 32 patients, with 2 postmortem cases
Authors: Nakano Kenneth K. , Schoene William C. , Baker Richard A. , Dawson David M. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe clinical findings in a group of 32 rheumatoid patients with symptomatic myelopathy are described. The myelopathy appeared in late middle age after many years of rheumatoid disease (average duration, 18 years). The most common radiological abnormality was anterior subluxation of C1. Other patterns occurred in about half the cases. The most common neurological findings were those of a mild to moderate spastic paraplegia, often with atrophy of muscles of the hands and sensory changes in the hands. Symptoms originating above the foramen magnum (nystagmus, diplopia, slurred speech) appeared to have a vascular cause and were sometimes associated with upward as well as posterior movement of the odontoid process. Root pain into the arms was not present, and its absence helped to distinguish these disorders from cervical spondylosis. Root pain into the territory of the C2 root was common. Medical or conservative therapy was not effective, and the preferred approach was use of a halo traction device followed by posterior fusion, with or without laminectomy. Pathologically, in 2 autopsy cases, the maximal change had occurred in the central gray matter and adjacent posterior and lateral columns. We postulate that direct pressure caused intermittent compression and narrowing of distal transverse branches of the anterior spinal artery.
Familial degeneration of the basal ganglia with acanthocytosis: A clinical, neuropathological, and neurochemical study
Authors: Bird T. D. , Cederbaum S. , Valpey R. W. , Stahl W. L. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThree siblings, offspring of normal consanguineous parents, had a progressive neurological disorder characterized primarily by chorea and leading to death in the fourth or fifth decade. The most carefully studied patient had neither malabsorption nor absent serum β‐lipoprotein but did have erythrocyte acanthocytosis. Postmortern examination showed marked neuronal loss and gliosis of the caudate nucleus and putamen. Activities of glutamic acid decarboxylase and choline acetyltransferase were normal in cortex, caudate, and putamen. Autosomal recessive inheritance, acanthocytosis, and probable peripheral neuropathy help differentiate this disorder from Huntington's disease.
Cationic palladium(II) complexes of ferrocenylphosphines as homogeneous hydrogenation catalysts for olefins
Authors: Cullen William R , Han Nam Fong 
Published: January 2005

AbstractCationic palladium(II) complexes of ferrocenylphosphines [(L‐L′)Pd(S)2][ClO4]2 ((L‐L′) = Fe(η5‐C5H4P (C6H5)2)2 1, or Fe(η5‐C5H5)(η5C5H3(CHMeNMe2)P(C6H5)2‐1,2) 2a: S=pyridine or dimethylformamide) were prepared and characterized. The derivatives of 2a are effective catalysts for the hydrogenation of simple olefins at 30°C (1 atm H2). The rate of reduction of styrene depends on the substrate concentration, catalyst concentration and the solvent, and is only slightly inhibited (16%) by the addition of mercury. These observations are conistent with a homogeneous catalytic system.
Organotin compounds: Toxicology and biomedicinal applications
Authors: Saxena Anil K 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe toxicology and biomedical aspects and applications of organotin compounds are discussed. Factors affecting toxicity are considered first and then the mechanisms of toxicity are described and assessed. A review of the main biomedical applications then follows, covering biochemical, agricultural and other biocidal uses, and recent developments in the field of anticarcinogenesis.
Methylated arsenic species in estuarine porewaters
Authors: Ebdon L , Walton A P , Millward G E , Whitfield M 
Published: January 2005

AbstractInorganic arsenic, monomethylarsenic and dimethylarsenic species have been observed in samples of sediment porewater collected from the Tamar Estuary in South‐West England. Porewater samples were collected using in situ dialysis. The arsenic species were separated by hydride generation and concentrated by liquid nitrogen trapping, prior to analysis by directly coupled gas chromatography‐atomic absorption spectroscopy. The predominant dissolved arsenic species present was inorganic arsenic (5‐62 m̈g dm−3). However, this is the first time significant concentrations of methylated arsenic species have been quantified in estuarine porewaters (0.04–0.70 m̈g dm−3), accounting for between 1 and 4% of the total dissolved arsenic. The presence of methylated arsenic compounds in porewaters is attributed to in situ environmental methylation, although the possibility of methylated arsenic species being derived from biological debris cannot be excluded.
Kinetic studies on the reaction of methylcobalamin with metal oxides
Authors: Thayer John S 
Published: January 2005

AbstractAqueous solutions of methylcobalamin (CH3B12) react with various water‐insoluble metal oxides. The decomposition of methylcobalamin follows a kinetic pattern of two parallel first‐order reactions. A proposed reaction mechanism involves the attachment of methylcobalamin to the oxide surface, followed by methyl transfer and dissolution of the oxide.
Organotin wood preservatives: Their compatibility with synthetic pyrethroid insecticides
Authors: Blunden S J , Hill R , Patel B N 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe stability of three synthetic pyrethroids (cypermethrin, deltamethrin and permethrin) to selected tributyltin compounds, Bu3SnX [where X = OSnBu3, Cl, O2CC6H5, O2C(naphthenyl), OSO2C2H5], (Bu3SnO)3PO and (Bu4N) (Bu3SnCl2), in toluene solution was investigated by infrared spectroscopy over a 24‐week period. It was found that only (Bu3Sn)2O reacted with the pyrethroids and that their order of reactivity was cypermethrin>deltamethrin>permethrin. An attempt was made to elucidate the reaction mechanism(s) occurring between (Bu3Sn)2O and the pyrethroids by studying mixtures of this tributyltin fungicide with simple model compounds, R1CO2R2 where R1=CH3; R2=CH2C6H5 and R1=cyclo‐C3H5 and R2=CH2C6H5.
The reactivity of tributyltin oxygen compounds with CCl4: Implications for its use as an extraction/reaction solvent
Authors: Blunden S J , Hill R 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA variety of tributyltin oxygen compounds,(nC4H9)3SnOX where X = Sn(nC4H9)3, C2H5, nC4H9, C8H17, CH2C6H5, COCH3, have been studied in refluxing CCI4. A reaction was observed to occur where X = C2H5, C4H9, C8H17, CH2C6H5, leading to the formation of (nC4H9)3SnCl, CHCl3 and an aldehyde. Possible reaction pathways are suggested. These reactions have implications for the use of CCl4 as an extraction/reaction solvent.
Synthesis of a novel ferrocene derivative having flame‐retardant and smoke‐suppressant properties
Authors: Carty P , Grant J , Simpson A 
Published: January 2005

AbstractReaction of ferrocene with chlorendic anhydride (1,4,5,6,7,7‐hexachloro‐5‐norbornene‐2,3‐dicarboxylic acid anhydride) under Friedel–Crafts reaction conditions affords a new monosubstituted dervative of ferrocene which has significant flameretardant and smoke‐suppressant properties when incorporated into poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC). The monocarboxylic acid from the above reaction undergoes smooth methylation with diazomethane to give the corresponding methyl ester. 1H and 13C NMR spectra of these compounds have been compared with those obtained from similar compounds, namely β‐ferrocenoylpropanoic acid and its methyl ester. Distant asymmetric centres in the chlorendic anhydride substituent markedly affect the proton spectra of the ferrocene derivative.