bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Konsumen sebagai Penumpang yang Mengalami Kerugian Materiil dan Immateriil dikarenakan Maskapai yang Membatalkan Jadwal Penerbangan
Authors: Hakim Mulia Rachman 
Published: January 2024

Penelitian Ini Membahas Pokok Permasalahan Pengaturan Tentang Pembatalan Jadwal Penerbangan Pesawat Pada Badan Usaha Niaga Berjadwal di Indonesia menurut Undang-Undang Perlindungan Konsumen, bentuk perlindungan hukum bagi konsumen sebagai penumpang pesawat yang mengalami kerugian materiil dan immateriil dikarenakan pihak maskapai penerbangan membatalkan jadwal penerbangan, dan upaya hukum yang dapat ditempuh konsumen sebagai penumpang pesawat yang mengalami kerugian materiil dan immateriil dikarenakan pihak maskapai penerbangan membatalkan jadwal penerbangan. Tujuan dari Penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis bentuk Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Konsumen Sebagai Penumpang Yang Mengalami Kerugian Materiil Dan Immateriil Dikarenakan Maskapai Yang Membatalkan Jadwal Penerbangan. Penyusunan makalah ini menggunakan penelitian yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan teoritis terhadap fenomena bentuk Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Konsumen Sebagai Penumpang Yang Mengalami Kerugian Materiil Dan Immateriil Dikarenakan Maskapai Yang Membatalkan Jadwal Penerbangan. Pengaturan Tentang Pembatalan Jadwal Penerbangan Pesawat Pada Badan Usaha Niaga Berjadwal di Indonesia menurut Undang-Undang Perlindungan Konsumen. Pasal 2, menyatakan Perlindungan konsumen berasaskan manfaat, keadilan, keseimbangan, keamanan dan keselamatan konsumen, serta kepastian hukum. Hak untuk mendapatkan kompensasi atau ganti rugi atau penggantian, juga diatur dalam Undang-undang perlindungan konsumen, ketika barang dan atau jasa yang diterima tidak sesuai dengan perjanjian atau apabila tidak sebagaimana mestinya. Dalam Undang-undang perlindungan konsumen terdapat 3 (tiga) pasal yang mengatur mengenai tanggung jawab produk, yaitu Pasal 19, Pasal 23 dan Pasal 28. Upaya hukum yang dapat ditempuh konsumen yang mengalami kerugian materiil dan immateriil dikarenakan pihak maskapai penerbangan membatalkan jadwal penerbangan, dapat dilakukan peradilan maupun diluar peradilan.
Semiotics Of French Crop Hairstyles Lecturer At Islamic University
Authors: Nasrullah Nasruddin 
Published: January 2024

One of the hairstyles that is currently trending is the French crop hairstyle. Even though everyone has the right to choose any hairstyle, what is interesting in this article is that an academic chose a French crop hairstyle that was different from academics in general. The aim of this research is to find out the hidden meaning that Prof. wants to convey. Iswandi Syahputra, through the French Crop hairstyle that he uses using Roland Barthes' semiotic analysis. The research method used in this research is field research, namely research carried out by participating directly at the research location to explore and obtain information related to the meaning contained in Iswandi Syahputra. The collected data will be analyzed semiotically using interpretive techniques. The results of this research are that there is a religious meaning, namely that he wears a French Crop hairstyle as a form of obedience to the Prophet Muhammad. and there is also an ideological meaning, namely locally based with a global perspective, he wants even though we are only local people, we must have broad insight.
تعليم الرياضيات على مشارف القرن الحادي والعشرين تحليل لبعض المعوقات وإمكانات تجاوزها
Authors: بخيت د.أحمد خالد محمد 
Published: January 2024

منذ فجر التاريخ كانت للرياضيات مكانة متميزة بين العلوم بل أن مصطلح الرياضيات MATHEMATICS وما يقابله في اللغات الأوروبية الحديثة مأخوذة عن كلمة MATHEMA التي تعني في أصلها اليوناني القديم المعرفة او العلم.وإذا حاولنا أن نرجع للبحث عن أسباب هذه المكانة إلى تاريخ الرياضيات فلن تجد أسبابا أوضح من الإمكانات الهائلة التي قدمتها مبادىء الرياضيات لتلبية حاجات الإنسان و مطالبه الأساسية (أحمد خالد، 1977:(19 - 16
- فلم يبدا الإنسان العد حبا في ذلك فقط، وإنما لإحصاء ممتلكاته وتمييزها عن ممتلكات الأخرين .
- وكان ظهور نظام المقايضة حافزة لتطور معلومات الإنسان عن العد، وبداية ظهور النظم العدية .
. وعندما استقر الإنسان في مناطق معينة من الأرض، وتطورت معرفته بالزراعة ظهرت حاجة جديدة إلى معرفة أساليب قياس الأرض لتحديد
استحسان الشعر واستقباحه عند الهمداني في شرح القصيدة الدامغة
Authors: الهلالي أ. د. هادي عطية مطر 
Published: January 2024

استحسان الشعر واستقباحه عند الهمداني
المحنا في كتابنا انشأة الدراسات النحوية واللغوية في اليمن وتطورها الآراء الهمداني النقدية ، واكدنا رأيه في استخدام اللفظ المطلوب الذي يؤدي المعنى المراد داخل التركيب اللغوي، وبینا موقفه من الضرائر الشعرية التي تقع اضطرارة المقبولة منها، والمرذولة، وتنبيهه على تثقيف الشعر وإصلاح عيوبه(1). وإننا سنكشف هنا استحسانه للشعر و استقباحه
وتبين كشفه للسرقات التي عبر عنها بأحد الشعراء بعضهم من بعض سواء أخذوا اللفظ، أو المعنى، أو اللفظ والمعنى معا.
ونورد ما ذكره من هجاء، وفخر، ورثاء، ومدح
وعاب على الخليل بن أحمد شعره بل عده ضعيفة لا تقس له لأنه كلام مرتب وليس الشعر عنده إلا ما دسع بينه طبع، فخرج البيت على كماله مثل السهم المارق من الرمية (2). أي: المنبعث عن عاطفة جياشة وقت التأثر
وأول من هلهل الشعر، وطوله هو عدي مهلهل بن ربيعة، وإنما سمي (1) نشأة الدراسات النحوية واللغوية في اليمن /161 - 162 . (2) القصيدة / 563
ЕНИСЕЙСКАЯ РУНИЧЕСКАЯ ПИСЬМЕННОСТЬ И СВОЕОБРАЗИЕ СИБИРСКО-ТЮРКСКОГО МАНИХЕЙСТВА
Authors: Кызласов Игорь Леонидович 
Published: January 2024

Рисунки, а затем лично-фамильные тамги и молитвенные надписи средневековья не нарушают петроглифы былых времен, соответственно, сохранялись горные культы. Курганы VI–VIII вв. продолжают кладбища II в. до н. э. – V в. н. э., что свидетельствует о том, что осознавались кровные связи с предками. В VIII в. монументальный манихейский храм возвели в долине, где по ХХ в. оставались нетронутыми 14 скульптур и около 15 менгиров. Храм действовал среди языческих идолов, ближайшие были от него в 100–140 м. Достигнув Енисея, манихейство включило в свою религиозную практику руническую письменность, а вместе с нею и комплекс мировоззрения, сохранявшего почитание памятников предков. Скопления наскальных молитвенных надписей указывают на места былого расположения манихейских монастырей, состоявших из легких, не оставивших следов построек. На алтайской скале рунами написано наименование одного такого монастыря. Енисейская эпитафия из Суджи (Монголия, Е 47) – подлинный внутренний источник Древнехакасского государства – повествует о сооружении монастыря для 100 послушников, возглавлявшихся манихейским вероучителем-маром. Сибирские и центральноазиатские миссионеры в IХ–X вв. принесли манихейский обычай молитвенного письма на скалах на земли современного Кыргызстана и южного Казахстана. Енисейские надписи в кельях обнаружили приход манихейских паломников в пещерные монастыри Восточного Туркестана. Взаимное проникновение новых и местных верований сформировало особое религиозное направление – северное, сибирско-тюркское манихейство, отличительными признаками которого являются три названных типа монастырско-храмовых комплексов и енисейские рунические надписи. Рядом с привнесенной культовой архитектурой продолжает бытовать сохранение традиционных горных культов.
Благодарность: Работа выполнена в рамках Государственного задания Института археологии РАН № НИОКТР 122011200266-3
Dynamical Behavior in Prey-Predator Model with Mutualistic Protection for Prey
Authors: Putri Laras Kinanti , Savitri Dian , Abadi Abadi 
Published: January 2024

This article reconstructs the model of predator-prey mutualistic protection based on a journal written by Revilla and Krivan (2022). The predator-prey model considers mutualistic protection for the prey. The model focuses on the analysis of equilibrium points and combines an adaptive model to study the influence of both models on predator-prey dynamics. This research continues the stability analysis and numerical simulations of the predator-prey model with mutualistic protection to examine the impact of mutualistic protection on prey dynamics in the model. The research process begins with a literature review, reconstructing the predator-prey model, determining equilibrium points, analyzing stability at the equilibrium points, conducting numerical simulations including bifurcation diagrams and phase portraits of the model solutions, and drawing conclusions. The analysis yields three equilibrium points: the unstable co-extinction of both populations, predator extinction, and the conditionally stable coexistence of both populations. Based on the analysis results, there are changes in the system solutions, with the originally stable E3 becoming unstable. There is also a change in E2 from being unstable to stable. Through numerical continuation with variations in the parameter representing the mutualistic protector’s preference for prey resources (u), a transcritical bifurcation (Branch Point) is obtained at u = 0.888889. The simulation results demonstrate that (u) can influence the stability of predator and prey populations.
Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif Matematis Ditinjau dari Self-Esteem pada Model PBL dengan Pendekatan STEAM
Authors: Fitria Khoirin Nida , Dwijanto Dwijanto , Dewi Nuriana Rachmani 
Published: January 2024

The mathematical creative thinking ability of students at Duta Aswaja Kudus Junior High School is still low. Learning in the classroom will be more effective if teachers pay attention not only to cognitive aspects but also affective aspects, especially students' self-esteem. Thus, a learning model that can improve students' creative thinking skills and self-esteem is needed. One of the learning models that facilitates students' creative thinking skills and self-esteem is the PBL model with STEAM approach. The method used is a mix method type of sequential explanatory design. The population in this study were 8th grade students of Duta Aswaja Kudus Junior High School. Population and sample collection for quantitative research using random sampling techniques and for qualitative research using purposive sampling techniques. Students of class VIII A as the experimental class and class VIII C as the control class are 35 students each. The findings in this article are that the PBL model with STEAM approach is effective in learning mathematics, and has a good contribution in improving mathematical creative thinking skills when compared to expository learning. The achievement of mathematical creative thinking ability of high self-esteem students fulfills all four indicators of fluency, flexibility, originality, and elaboration. Students with moderate self-esteem can use their own language, new ways, and unique or in other words fluency is achieved by students. As for flexibility, originality, and elaboration, they are different. Students with low self-esteem are able to understand what is presented in the problem but the four indicators of fluency, flexibility, originality, and elaboration have not been met.
TeV Neutrinos and Hard X-Rays from Relativistic Reconnection in the Corona of NGC 1068
Authors: Fiorillo Damiano F. G. , Petropoulou Maria , Comisso Luca , Peretti Enrico , Sironi Lorenzo 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The recent discovery of astrophysical neutrinos from the Seyfert galaxy NGC 1068 suggests the presence of nonthermal protons within a compact “coronal” region close to the central black hole. The acceleration mechanism of these nonthermal protons remains elusive. We show that a large-scale magnetic reconnection layer, of the order of a few gravitational radii, may provide such a mechanism. In such a scenario, rough energy equipartition between magnetic fields, X-ray photons, and nonthermal protons is established in the reconnection region. Motivated by recent 3D particle-in-cell simulations of relativistic reconnection, we assume that the spectrum of accelerated protons is a broken power law, with the break energy being constrained by energy conservation (i.e., the energy density of accelerated protons is at most comparable to the magnetic energy density). The proton spectrum is

dn

p

/

dE

p

∝

E

p

−
1

below the break and

dn

p

/

dE

p

∝

E

p

−
s

above the break, with IceCube neutrino observations suggesting s ≃ 3. Protons above the break lose most of their energy within the reconnection layer via photohadronic collisions with the coronal X-rays, producing a neutrino signal in good agreement with the recent observations. Gamma rays injected in photohadronic collisions are cascaded to lower energies, sustaining the population of electron–positron pairs that makes the corona moderately Compton thick.
On the Source Contribution to the Galactic Diffuse Gamma Rays above 398 TeV Detected by the Tibet ASγ Experiment
Authors: Kato S. , Chen D. , Huang J. , Kawashima T. , Kawata K. , Mizuno A. , Ohnishi M. , Sako T. , Sako T. K. , Takita M. , Yokoe Y. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Potential contribution from gamma-ray sources to the Galactic diffuse gamma rays observed above 100 TeV (sub-PeV energy range) by the Tibet ASγ experiment is an important key to interpreting recent multimessenger observations. This paper reveals a surprising fact: none of the 23 Tibet ASγ diffuse gamma-ray events above 398 TeV within the Galactic latitudinal range of ∣b∣ < 10° come from the 43 sub-PeV gamma-ray sources reported in the 1LHAASO catalog, which proves that these sources are not the origins of the Tibet ASγ diffuse gamma-ray events. No positional overlap between the Tibet ASγ diffuse gamma-ray events and the sub-PeV LHAASO sources currently supports the diffusive nature of the Tibet ASγ diffuse gamma-ray events, although their potential origin in the gamma-ray sources yet unresolved in the sub-PeV energy range cannot be ruled out.
Réconcilier savoirs et savoir-faire
Authors: Leyoudec Lénaïk 
Published: January 2024

La start-up Perfect Memory édite une plateforme dite d’« intelligibilité des données ». Notre enquête, réalisée grâce à une convention CIFRE, a consisté à vérifier la promesse de la start-up quant aux documents qu’elle gère pour le compte d’organisations clientes. Un corpus d’une centaine de documents, allant de captures d’écran de l’interface utilisateur aux discours d’escorte publiés par l’entreprise, en passant par le code sous-jacent à la plateforme, a été interrogé à l’aide de la sémiotique des écrits d’écran. Nos principaux résultats mettent en perspective les choix des « maîtres de l’architexte » et leurs implications dans la plateforme même et son usage par les organisations clientes de la start-up.
Comparative evaluation of remineralization potential of four different remineralization agents on human enamel: An in vitro study
Authors: Xavier Giftlin Denny , Thomas George , Jose Sunil , Vivek V. J. , Selvam Kanimozhi , Ramakrishnan Ashish 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Aim:
The study aimed to assess the remineralizing potential of four different commercially available agents using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, and Vickers Microhardness (VMH) Test.

Materials and Methods:
Forty-four specimens (n = 11 per group) were prepared from extracted teeth. A window of 6 mm × 4 mm was made on all the specimens that represented three zones, namely, sound enamel, demineralized enamel, and remineralized enamel. The zone for demineralized enamel was subjected to four different remineralizing agents; casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate fluoride (CPP-ACPF), tricalcium phosphate fluoride (TCP-F), calcium sucrose phosphate (CSP), and self-assembling peptide (P11-4). Remineralization (REM) was assessed using VMH; the structural changes were assessed using SEM that was analyzed using EDX analysis. The specimens were subjected to a newer regimen of demineralization. One-way ANOVA followed by post hoc Tukey test was used with a level of significance at P ≤ 0.05.

Results:
There were no significant differences in VMH between the groups for sound enamel (P = 0.472) and demineralized enamel (P = 0.116). VMH was statistically significantly more for P11-4 and the least for CPP-ACPF (P = 0.011). A post hoc analysis revealed higher VMH for P11-4 compared to CPP-ACPF (P = 0.014) and TCP-F (P = 0.035). SEM showed a homogeneous layer of minerals for all groups except CPP-ACPF. TCP-F reported a higher degree of REM, followed by P11-4 as assessed using EDX analysis.

Conclusion:
Self-assembling peptide (P11-4) exhibited a higher degree of REM than other remineralizing agents followed by CSP.
Proximal contact tightness of direct Class II composite resin restorations with various matrix systems: A systematic review
Authors: Anantula Kavitha , Vankayala Bhavana , Yadav Sarjeev Singh 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background:
Restoring an ideal proximal contact in direct Class II composite resin restorations is challenging due to polymerization shrinkage, absence of condensability of composite materials, thickness of matrix bands, and the use of various separation techniques, retainers, and bands.

Aims:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the proximal contact tightness that is achieved by various matrix systems used to restore a direct Class II cavity with composite resin restoration.

Methods:
A systematic review was carried out according to the PRISMA 2020 statement guidelines. The online search for the articles was done in electronic databases of MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane, and Google Scholar. The articles comparing different matrix systems for restoration were selected. Out of 146 articles, a total of 6 articles met the selection criteria and were included. The QUIN risk-of-bias (RoB) tool was used for assessing the study quality. The data extracted from full text articles selected for inclusion, using a standardized software (Office Excel 2013 Software, Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, WA, USA).

Results and Conclusion:
Combination of sectional matrices and separation rings resulted in tighter proximal contact compared to other matrix systems.
Clinical performance of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacture lithium disilicate ceramic endocrown restorations: A 2-year study
Authors: Do Thao Thi , Trinh Tri Minh , Tran Thao Thi Phuong , Nguyen Van Thi Tuong , Le Lam Nguyen 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Context:
Optimal restoration methods for endodontically treated teeth (ETTs) have always remained an ongoing discussion among physicians in this day and age. ETTs have a tendency to fracture when chewing, compared to initial teeth. From the perspective of biology, preserving and restoring tooth structure is critical to maintaining biomechanical, functional, and esthetic harmony. Dental bonding techniques have lessened the necessity for post-and-core restorations in ETTs with severe substance loss. A minimally invasive endodontic restoration technique called “endocrown” was initially introduced by Bindl and Mörmann in 1999.

Aims:
The aim of the study was to clinically evaluate all-ceramic mandibular molar endocrowns made using computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) following 2 years of follow-up.

Subjects and Methods:
This unblinded study contains 56 patients with 56 mandibular molars, which had severe substance loss. After teeth preparation, lithium disilicate ceramic endocrowns were manufactured with the CEREC CAD/CAM system, and cementation was performed using a composite luting agent. The endocrowns were assessed using the modified United States Public Health Service criteria at baseline, 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years following placement. Patient satisfaction was evaluated using a questionnaire.

Statistical Analysis Used:
This study used descriptive statistics, including mean, standard deviation, and 95% confidence intervals. Data were processed using STATA version 14.0 (StataCorp LLC, USA).

Results:
Two endocrowns (3.6%) failed throughout the period of observation. The high clinical rating criteria (96.4%, count of 54) and the increased satisfaction percentage (94.6%, count of 53) remained practically stable during the follow-up assessments at 6 months and after 1–2 years.

Conclusions:
Endocrown offers a less invasive treatment option that may be a better method for endodontically treated mandibular molars. With contemporary CAD/CAM technology and new materials, time in the chair and esthetics optimally improved, bringing satisfaction to the patient.
An additional fourth dose of viral vector COVID-19 vaccine and mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in kidney transplant recipients: A predictive model based on data in South-East Asia
Authors: Sookaromdee Pathum , Wiwanitkit Viroj 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
The COVID-19 vaccine has been proven to be effective at preventing COVID-19. Usually, the immunization requires two doses. Immunity may begin to wane after receiving all required immunizations. It is typical to administer a second booster dose. The requirement for extra immunizations will be greater in people with preexisting conditions like cancer. However, the need for improved immunity in those with underlying disorders still poses a challenge. Investigating immunogenicity after receiving a second dose of the COVID-19 vaccine is an intriguing topic. Currently, additional immunization doses are advised and used. Several scientists are currently suggesting the use of a vaccine in response to the potential loss of public immunity following routine mass immunization and the potential introduction of a new strain. Several scientists are currently recommending the use of a fourth dosage of the COVID-19 vaccine to some specific immunocompromised groups, like transplant recipients, in view of the likely loss of public immunity following routine mass vaccination and the potential introduction of a new strain. Any research investigating the fourth vaccination’s effectiveness for transplant recipients is intriguing because it is unproven.

Method:
A clinical model to predict how individual with transplant recipient status will react to the extra-dose of COVID-19 vaccine is done.

Results:
Based on information that was readily available locally, the authors of this study used a prediction model analysis to analyze the immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines made using viral vector and mRNA utilizing a fourth dose for patients with underlying transplant recipient conditions.

Conclusion:
If a fourth dosage is intended, a variety of mRNA COVID-19 immunization options should be considered.
Forensic handwriting examination: An updated clinical review
Authors: Khajuria Atul , Pillai Anjana A. 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
Handwriting is a unique property of an individual; no two individual has similar handwritings. Forensic handwriting examination is an important part of forensic document examination. Handwriting at crime scene provides evidence or clues about type of crime, nature of crime to the investigating officer and also find out identity of suspect or criminal. Handwriting examination involves the examination of various parameters in the writing which includes handwriting positions, surface used for handwriting, pen pressure, handwriting strokes, slants in writing, letter spacing, line quality, etc., handwriting examination is done based on the principle that no two individuals can write exactly alike. Forensic handwriting analysis is a pattern-based science that examines significant, repeated handwriting traits in questioned writing comparing and evaluating these traits in the known writing. If significant similarities are determined without differences, this may lead to a handwriting recognition. Nowadays, an automated computer-based identification and examination system are developed for forensic document examination which is more feasible to use a computer-assisted system in forensic identification of source issues related with questioned document analysis. Experimental eye-tracking is a technologically novel way of forensic handwriting examination. These studies may have future relevance in developing technology that can be linked to the computer in evaluating handwriting, especially in programming software that evaluates handwriting similar to the way a human examiner evaluates handwriting.