bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Entire Torque Range Monitoring of Bolted Joints Via Nonlinear Electromechanical Impedance Spectroscopy (NEMIS)
Authors: Lu Runye , Shen Yanfeng 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This paper proposes a Nonlinear Electro-mechanical Impedance Spectroscopy (NEMIS) methodology for the entire torque range monitoring of bolted joints. NEMIS utilizes a temporal interrogative signal to obtain the nonlinear impedance spectrum. It is capable of evaluating the structural resonance information as the conventional EMIS does and capturing the Contact Acoustic Nonlinearity (CAN) features simultaneously with only a single Piezoelectric Wafer Active Sensor (PWAS). A comparative illustration of the underlying mechanism behind the conventional EMIS, nonlinear ultrasonic techniques, and the proposed NEMIS was conducted. Subsequently, a reduced-order analytical model was established to simulate the variable rough interfaces of the bolted joints at different looseness stages. Parametric studies were carried out on the model to demonstrate the higher harmonics and vibro-acoustic modulation features from the bolt looseness. Ultimately, the experimental implementation of NEMIS for the entire torque range monitoring of a bolted joint was performed and compared with the conventional EMIS method. It was proved that NEMIS could detect both the incipient bolt loosening at an embryo stage and severe loosening of the bolted joints at the terminal period, combining the merits of the conventional EMIS and the nonlinear ultrasonic methodology. The paper finishes with summary, concluding remarks, and suggestions for future work.
Measurement System Analysis of a Novel Phase-Based Ultrasonic NDE Technique for Bond Strength Measurement
Authors: Takunju Peter , Webster Matthew , Zalameda Joseph 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Fiber reinforced polymer parts have shown tremendous benefits in aerospace structural applications, but their qualification and certification for use in safety critical areas are currently hindered by the lack of a capable non-destructive evaluation (NDE) method or technique for the inspection of these adhesively bonded parts. Conventional NDE methods and techniques typically detect gross bond defects in a qualitative (Pass/Fail) manner. These techniques struggle to detect weak or kissing bonds. Also, there are no widely adopted NDE methods or techniques for measuring interfacial bond strength or detecting kissing bonds. Bond strength is currently ensured by process control and semi-destructive testing. Results from recent research from other authors, including but not limited to mechanical testing, have shown an excellent correlation between interfacial stiffness of an adhesively bonded joint and the adhesive bond strength of that joint. In this paper, a measurement system analysis (MSA) of a novel phase-based ultrasonic NDE Technique, developed at NASA Langley Research Center, is presented for bond strength measurements to assess at an increased level the measurement process and identify components of variation in the process.
Comparative Study on Deep Learning Methods for Defect Identification and Classification in Composite Aerostructure Material
Authors: Yunker Austin , Lake Rami , Kettimuthu Rajkumar , Kral Zach 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Aircraft structures are required to have a high level of quality to satisfy their need for light weight, efficient flight, and withstanding high loads over their lifespan. These aerostructures are typically made from composite material due to their good tensile strength and resistance to compression. To ensure their structural integrity, the composite material requires inspection for common flaws such as porosity, delaminations, voids, foreign object debris, and other defects. Ultrasonic testing (UT) is a popular non-destructive inspection (NDI) technique used for effectively evaluating composite material. Current inspection methods rely heavily on human experience and are extremely time consuming. Therefore, there is a need for the development of techniques to reduce the manual inspection time. This work compares the performance of different deep learning-based methods in the identification and classification of defects. Deep learning has shown great promise in numerous fields, and we show its effectiveness in the evaluation of composite aerostructure material. The methods developed here are both highly reliable with a top recall value of 98.63% as well as extremely efficient requiring an average of 4 seconds during the inferencing stage to evaluate new composites.
Assessment of Patellar Health Condition Through Wearable Devices: A combination of new material and machine-learning classifier
Authors: Jiang Zilin , Zhan Wenchao , Zhang Wenxi , Gao Chenjun , Fang Ziwei , He Jingjing , Sun Wei , Wen Chang , Lin Jing 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Knee diseases such as osteoarthritis and patellofemoral disorder can cause abnormal patellar motion and lead to the reduction of a person’s activity ability. In this work, a new kind of flexible sensors combining graphene particles, lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate (PMN-PT) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) to form a flexible ternary composite is developed. A wearable device with six flexible sensors is specifically constructed to monitor the movement of patella. The position of sensors is designed based on medical mechanism of the patella movements. Testing data of patella movement is acquired from volunteers with and without knee injury. The raw signals are filtered to reduce high-frequency noises. Several features are extracted to characterize the motion of patella, including the number of change points and auto-correlation coefficient. The extracted features and the data are labeled according to Lysholm Knee Scoring Scale. Because the number of unhealthy data is much smaller than that of the healthy data, an oversampling strategy is applied to introduce new artificial data for subsequent machine learning classifier. Three classification methods including the Tree BAGGER, the k-nearest neighbors and the support vector machine are employed. Results show that the best performance is achieved by the support vector machine method with 96% accuracy.
Lamb Waves in a Double-Layer Plate with Nonlinear Spring Interface
Authors: Wang Junzhen , Qu Jianmin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This paper investigates the conditions under which resonant second-harmonic guided waves can be generated by the adhesive bond between two sublayers in a composite plate. It is assumed that the adhesive bond can be modeled as a nonlinear spring interface. As such, it can be further assumed that the interfacial traction is continuous across the interface, while the displacement has a jump across the interface. The jump is related to the interfacial traction nonlinearly. To illustrate the solution methodology without invoking complicated algebras, the two sublayers are assumed to share the same material and thickness. The modified normal mode expansion (mNME) method is adopted to solve the corresponding boundary value problem. It is found that a resonant second harmonic guided wave can be generated in such a composite plate when the frequency of the incident propagating Lamb mode coincides with that of a propagating Lamb mode in the plate whose frequency, when doubled, happens to be the frequency of another propagating Lamb mode.
Self-Sensing Piezoelectric Composite Structures using Disperse Electro-Mechanical Impedance Measurements
Authors: Zhou Shulong , Shen Yanfeng , Tian Yuan , Wang Bao , Wang Chunquan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This paper proposes a novel family of intelligent piezoelectric composite structures for the purpose of establishing structural self-awareness via disperse measurements of Electro-mechanical Impedance Spectroscopy (EMIS) methodology. The target of the current study aims at developing a functional composite material that embraces both load bearing and self-sensing capabilities at the same time. This is achieved by incorporating active material components, such as piezoelectric ingredients, in the structural component, forming a disperse and dense sensing grid, combined with active sensing methodologies. To develop a deep insight into the mechanism of the intelligent structure, coupled-field finite element models are constructed for verifying the feasibility of the EMIS for damage detection. In particular, the model employs the Equivalent Average Parameter (EAP) method, utilizing overall and nominal parameters, in order to simulate the self-sensing composites. A Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) damage metric is subsequently applied to determine the position of the structural damage. Furthermore, the manufacturing process of a piezoelectric composite beam structure is introduced in detail. meticulously crafted through a continuous process of material ratio optimization and process step refinement. Careful manufacturing parameters are explored to ensure the highest extent of sensitivity and reliability. Finally, experimental validation of the EMIS method is performed, showcasing the feasibility and accuracy of the impedance spectra for the damage location and quantification. The paper finished with summary, concluding remarks, and suggestions for future work.
Machine Learning-Based Digital Twin Framework for Realistic Guided Wave Signal Generation, Applied to Reliability Assessment and Global Sensitivity Analysis in SHM
Authors: Nerlikar Vivek , Miorelli Roberto , Recoquillay Arnaud , D’Almeida Oscar 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
An ultrasonic guided wave-based structural health monitoring system has potential applications in mainy domains such as, the oil and gas industry, civil engineering, and aerospace. However, there are some inherent challenges, such as the sensitivity of the Guided Waves (GW) to environmental and operational conditions (EOCs), defect(s) size and location, and sensor(s) placement. Therefore, the reliability of detection systems based on GW requires validation. Simulation tools are often used to study the impact of the above-mentioned factors. However, the computational burden associated to extensive simulation campaigns is excessive. To increase the computational efficiency, this work proposes a machine learning-based Digital Twin (DT) framework. More specifically, the DT framework employed in this paper comprises a linear dimensionality reduction algorithm and fully connected neural networks that work as a metamodel. The performance of the DT is evaluated on a simulation configuration of Aluminum with uncertainties in instrumentation and damage size. The simulation data required for training are obtained from CIVA simulation platform. The predicted signals from the DT are quantified using misfit-based criteria targeting amplitude and phase aspects based on time-frequency transformation. The assessment of the results suggests that DT has captured all the dynamics of the signals, and the predicted signals are in good agreement with the simulated ones. Furthermore, the developed DT has been employed to efficiently carry out the probability of detection study for reliability assessment and sensitivity analysis based on the propagation of uncertainties.
Turicibacterales protect mice from severe
Citrobacter rodentium
infection
Authors: Hoek Kristen L. , McClanahan Kathleen G. , Latour Yvonne L. , Shealy Nicolas , Piazuelo M. Blanca , Vallance Bruce A. , Byndloss Mariana X. , Wilson Keith T. , Olivares-Villagómez Danyvid 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

One of the major contributors to child mortality in the world is diarrheal diseases, with an estimated 800,000 deaths per year. Many pathogens are causative agents of these illnesses, including the enteropathogenic or enterohemorrhagic forms of
Escherichia coli
. These bacteria are characterized by their ability to cause attaching and effacing lesions in the gut mucosa. Although much has been learned about the pathogenicity of these organisms and the immune response against them, the role of the intestinal microbiota during these infections is not well characterized. Infection of mice with
E. coli
requires pre-treatment with antibiotics in most mouse models, which hinders the study of the microbiota in an undisturbed environment. Using
Citrobacter rodentium
as a murine model for attaching and effacing bacteria, we show that C57BL/6 mice deficient in granzyme B expression are highly susceptible to severe disease caused by
C. rodentium
infection. Although a previous publication from our group shows that granzyme B-deficient CD4
+
T cells are partially responsible for this phenotype, in this report, we present data demonstrating that the microbiota, in particular members of the order Turicibacterales, have an important role in conferring resistance. Mice deficient in
Turicibacter sanguinis
have increased susceptibility to severe disease. However, when these mice are co-housed with resistant mice or colonized with
T. sanguinis
, susceptibility to severe infection is reduced. These results clearly suggest a critical role for this commensal in the protection against enteropathogens.
Immunity induced by vaccination with recombinant influenza B virus neuraminidase protein breaks viral transmission chains in guinea pigs in an exposure intensity-dependent manner
Authors: McMahon Meagan , Tan Jessica , O'Dell George , Kirkpatrick Roubidoux Ericka , Strohmeier Shirin , Krammer Florian 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Mucosal vaccines and vaccines that block pathogen transmission are under-appreciated in vaccine development. However, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has shown that blocking viral transmission is an important attribute of efficient vaccines. Here, we investigated if recombinant influenza virus neuraminidase (NA) vaccines delivered at a mucosal site could protect from onward transmission of influenza B viruses in the guinea pig model. We tested four different scenarios in which sequential transmission was investigated in chains of three to four guinea pigs. The variables tested included a low and a high viral inoculum (10
4
vs 10
5
plaque-forming units) in the initial donor guinea pig and variation of exposure/cohousing time (1 day vs 6 days). In three out of four scenarios—low inoculum-long exposure, low inoculum-short exposure, and high inoculum-short exposure—transmission chains were efficiently blocked. Based on this data, we believe an intranasal recombinant NA vaccine could be used to efficiently curtail influenza virus spread in the human population during influenza epidemics.

IMPORTANCE
Vaccines that can slow respiratory virus transmission in the population are urgently needed for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and influenza virus. Here, we describe how a recombinant neuraminidase-based influenza virus vaccine reduces transmission in vaccinated guinea pigs in an exposure intensity-based manner.
An integrated nationwide genomics study reveals transmission modes of typhoid fever in China
Authors: Feng Ye , Pan Hang , Zheng Beiwen , Li Fang , Teng Lin , Jiang Zhijie , Feng Mengyao , Zhou Xiao , Peng Xianqi , Xu Xuebin , Wang Haoqiu , Wu Beibei , Xiao Yonghong , Baker Stephen , Zhao Guoping , Yue Min 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Typhoid fever, caused by
Salmonella
Typhi (
S
. Typhi), is a life-threatening disease, usually food-borne and commonly associated with international travel. The disease transmission remains endemic in many low- and middle-income countries, representing further hotspots for seeding new global outbreaks. China has historically been affected by typhoid fever, but the respective roles of local transmission and importation remain unknown. Here, we generated a nationwide map of the typhoid burden in China and investigated the associations between typhoid disease, climate and various socioeconomic parameters. To assess transmission dynamics, we sub-sampled
S
. Typhi isolated within China over five decades and sequenced their genomes. The resulting 705 new genomes, placed in context with 5,190 global isolates from 87 countries on six continents, led to the discovery of several predominant inland Chinese clones belonging to the clades 2.1/2.3/3.2/4.3. These clones were associated with multiple introductions from overseas, followed by local expansion. Notably, 4.3.1 isolates from eastern China were not genetically close to those from northwestern China but to the international isolates, indicating their association with international travel. Additional
in vitro
assays showed that 4.3.1 elaborated better intracellular survival, acid tolerance, and desiccation tolerance than other lineages, partially explaining its success. For the first time, we have probed typhoid transmission in China, finding local transmission and importation, which could guide the policy for typhoid control.

IMPORTANCE

Typhoid fever is a life-threatening disease caused by
Salmonella enterica
serovar Typhi, resulting in a significant disease burden across developing countries. Historically, China was very much close to the global epicenter of typhoid, but the role of typhoid transmission within China and among epicenter remains overlooked in previous investigations. By using newly produced genomics on a national scale, we clarify the complex local and global transmission history of such a notorious disease agent in China spanning the most recent five decades, which largely undermines the global public health network.
Inbred SJL mice recapitulate human resistance to
Cryptococcus
infection due to differential immune activation
Authors: Davis M. J. , Martin R. E. , Pinheiro G. M. , Hoke E. S. , Moyer S. , Ueno K. , Rodriguez-Gil J. L. , Mallett M. A. , Khillan J. S. , Pavan W. J. , Chang Y. C. , Kwon-Chung K. J. 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Cryptococcosis remains a significant threat to human health. While the popular C57BL/6J mouse model of cryptococcosis has some advantages, there are some serious shortcomings that limit the ability of researchers to address the disease. Since humans are resistant to environmental cryptococcal infection until rendered immunodeficient while C57BL/6J mice are innately susceptible, we screened 15 inbred mouse strains for resistance to
Cryptococcus
infection. The SJL/J mouse strain was unusually resistant to several virulent strains of
Cryptococcus
while the closely related FVB/J strain was susceptible. The infection pathobiology in SJL/J mice and susceptible mice was similar for the first 7–10 days then markedly diverged toward pathogen clearance. Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) expression was critical for SJL/J resistance while tumor necrosis factor-alpha was also important. Both CD4 and CD8 T cells produced IFN-γ and were collectively critical. While IL-17 and associated cytokines were expressed in SJL/J mice, IL-17 inhibition did not affect the outcome of infection. Unlike the C57BL/6J, infected SJL/J mice failed to express Th2/atopy-type cytokines even when rendered susceptible by IFN-γ blockade or infection with an alternative fatal cryptococcal strain virulent in SJL/J. These data suggest that the atopic-type response typically associated with the C57BL/6J model is not critical for susceptibility. The productive immune response in SJL/J mice resulted in immune memory that protected mice from reinfection. The SJL/J cryptococcal resistance phenotype was associated with a strong genetic linkage from regions located in chromosomes 2 and 11 suggesting strain-specific modifiers contribute to disease severity. Thus, SJL/J mice are an exciting alternative animal model for cryptococcal pathobiology.

IMPORTANCE

Cryptococcosis studies often utilize the common C57BL/6J mouse model. Unfortunately, infection in these mice fails to replicate the basic course of human disease, particularly hampering immunological studies. This work demonstrates that SJL/J mice can recapitulate human infection better than other mouse strains. The immunological response to
Cryptococcus
infection in SJL/J mice was markedly different from C57BL/6J and much more productive in combating this infection. Characterization of infected mice demonstrated strain-specific genetic linkage and differential regulation of multiple important immune-relevant genes in response to
Cryptococcus
infection. While our results validate many of the previously identified immunological features of cryptococcosis, we also demonstrate limitations from previous mouse models as they may be less translatable to human disease. We concluded that SJL/J mice more faithfully recapitulate human cryptococcosis serving as an exciting new animal model for immunological and genetic studies.
Gene editing of
SAMHD1
in macrophage-like cells reveals complex relationships between SAMHD1 phospho-regulation, HIV-1 restriction, and cellular dNTP levels
Authors: Schüssler Moritz , Schott Kerstin , Fuchs Nina Verena , Oo Adrian , Zahadi Morssal , Rauch Paula , Kim Baek , König Renate 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Sterile α motif and HD domain-containing protein 1 (SAMHD1) is a dNTP triphosphate triphosphohydrolase (dNTPase) and a potent restriction factor for immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1), active in myeloid and resting CD4
+
T cells. The anti-viral activity of SAMHD1 is regulated by dephosphorylation of the residue T592. However, the impact of T592 phosphorylation on dNTPase activity is still under debate. Whether additional cellular functions of SAMHD1 impact anti-viral restriction is not completely understood. We report BLaER1 cells as a novel human macrophage HIV-1 infection model combined with CRISPR/Cas9 knock-in (KI) introducing specific mutations into the
SAMHD1
locus to study mutations in a physiological context. Transdifferentiated BLaER1 cells harbor active dephosphorylated SAMHD1 that blocks HIV-1 reporter virus infection. As expected, homozygous T592E mutation, but not T592A, relieved a block to HIV-1 reverse transcription. Co-delivery of VLP-Vpx to SAMHD1 T592E KI mutant cells did not further enhance HIV-1 infection indicating the absence of additional SAMHD1-mediated anti-viral activity independent of T592 dephosphorylation. T592E KI cells retained dNTP levels similar to WT cells indicating uncoupling of anti-viral and dNTPase activity of SAMHD1. The integrity of the catalytic site in SAMHD1 was critical for anti-viral activity, yet a poor correlation between HIV-1 restriction and global cellular dNTP levels was observed in cells harboring catalytic core mutations. Together, we emphasize the complexity of the relationship between HIV-1 restriction, SAMHD1 enzymatic function, and T592 phospho-regulation and provide novel tools for investigation in an endogenous and physiological context.

IMPORTANCE
We introduce BLaER1 cells as an alternative myeloid cell model in combination with CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing to study the influence of sterile α motif and HD domain-containing protein 1 (SAMHD1) T592 phosphorylation on anti-viral restriction and the control of cellular dNTP levels in an endogenous, physiologically relevant context. A proper understanding of the mechanism of the anti-viral function of SAMHD1 will provide attractive strategies aiming at selectively manipulating SAMHD1 without affecting other cellular functions. Even more, our toolkit may inspire further genetic analysis and investigation of restriction factors inhibiting retroviruses and their cellular function and regulation, leading to a deeper understanding of intrinsic anti-viral immunity.
Whole-genome sequence of
Staphylococcus epidermidis
strain AH3, isolated from Nile tilapia (
Oreochromis niloticus
)
Authors: Al-Harbi Ahmed H. 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

The whole-genome sequence of
Staphylococcus epidermidis
strain AH3 isolated from moribund farmed Nile tilapia (
Oreochromis niloticus
) was performed using a combination of the Illumina and Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) sequencing platforms. The genome sequence is composed of a single chromosome of 2,464,380 bp with a GC content of 32.2% and 2,220 predicted protein-coding genes.