bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maize requires Embryo defective27 for embryogenesis and seedling development
Authors: Liu Xin-Yuan , Jiang Rui-Cheng , Ma Bing , Wang Yong , Yang Yan-Zhuo , Xu Chunhui , Sun Feng , Tan Bao-Cai 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The essential role of plastid translation in embryogenesis has been established in many plants, but a retrograde signal triggered by defective plastid translation machinery that may leads to embryogenesis arrest remains unknown. In this study, we characterized an embryo defective27 (emb27) mutant in maize (Zea mays), and cloning indicates that Emb27 encodes the plastid ribosomal protein S13. The null mutant emb27-1 conditions an emb phenotype with arrested embryogenesis; however, the leaky mutant emb27-2 exhibits normal embryogenesis but an albino seedling-lethal phenotype. The emb27-1/emb27-2 trans-heterozygotes display varying phenotypes from emb to normal seeds but albino seedlings. Analysis of the Emb27 transcription levels in these mutants revealed that the Emb27 expression level in the embryo corresponds with the phenotypic expression of the emb27 mutants. In the W22 genetic background, an Emb27 transcription level higher than 6% of the wild-type level renders normal embryogenesis, whereas lower than that arrests embryogenesis. Mutation of Emb27 reduces the level of plastid 16S rRNA and the accumulation of the plastid-encoded proteins. As a secondary effect, splicing of several plastid introns was impaired in emb27-1 and 2 other plastid translation-defective mutants, emb15 and emb16, suggesting that plastome-encoded factors are required for the splicing of these introns, such as Maturase K (MatK). Our results indicate that EMB27 is essential for plastid protein translation, embryogenesis, and seedling development in maize and reveal an expression threshold of Emb27 for maize embryogenesis.
COVID-19 susceptibility, hospitalization and severity and the risk of brain cortical structure: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Sun D , Shi Z , Chen H , Du Q , Zhang Y , Wang R , Kong L , Luo W , Lang Y , Wang X , Zhou H 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Observational studies have reported structural changes in the brains of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); it remains unclear whether these associations are causal.

Aim
We evaluated the causal effects of COVID-19 susceptibility, hospitalization and severity on cortical structures.

Design
Mendelian randomization (MR) study.

Methods
Data on the different COVID-19 phenotypes were obtained from the latest large-scale genome-wide association study (R7) of the COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative. Brain structure data, including cortical thickness (TH) and surface area (SA), were obtained from the ENIGMA Consortium. Additionally, we employed the round 5 dataset released in January 2021 as the validation cohort. The inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method was used as the primary analysis in MR. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to evaluate heterogeneity and pleiotropy. We performed enrichment analysis on the MR analyses that passed the sensitivity analysis filtering.

Results
After IVW and sensitivity analyses, we observed causal associations between COVID-19 susceptibility and rostral middle frontal SAw (P = 0.0308, β = −39.1236), cuneus THw (P = 0.0170, β = −0.0121), medial orbitofrontal THw (P = 0.0002, β = 0.0225), postcentral THw (P = 0.0217, β = −0.0106), temporal pole THw (P = 0.0077, β = 0.0359), medial orbitofrontal SAnw (P = 0.0106, β = −24.0397), medial orbitofrontal THnw (P = 0.0007, β = 0.0232), paracentral SAnw (P = 0.0483, β = −20.1442), rostral middle frontal SAnw (P = 0.0368, β = −81.9719) and temporal pole THnw (P = 0.0429, β = 0.0353). COVID-19 hospitalization had causal effects on medial orbitofrontal THw (P = 0.0053, β = 0.0063), postcentral THw (P = 0.0143, β = −0.0042), entorhinal THnw (P = 0.0142, β = 0.0142), medial orbitofrontal THnw (P = 0.0147, β = 0.0065) and paracentral SAnw (P = 0.0119, β = −7.9970). COVID-19 severity had causal effects on rostral middle frontal SAw (P = 0.0122, β = −11.8296), medial orbitofrontal THw (P = 0.0155, β = 0.0038), superior parietal THw (P = 0.0291, β = −0.0021), lingual SAnw (P = 0.0202, β = −11.5270), medial orbitofrontal THnw (P = 0.0290, β = 0.0039), paracentral SAnw (P = 0.0180, β = −5.7744) and pars triangularis SAnw (P = 0.0151, β = −5.4520).

Conclusion
Our MR results demonstrate a causal relationship between different COVID-19 phenotypes and cortical structures.
Radiation dose to breast during digital mammography in Tanzania
Authors: Edmund Elisha , Kamuzora Mary , Muhogora Wilbroad , Ngoya Patrick , Muhulo Alex , Amirali Assad , Makoba Atumaini , Ngoye Wilson , Ngaile Justin , Majatta Salma , Ngulimi Miguta , Mwambinga Salome , Kaijage Tunu 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the mean glandular dose (MGD), to assess the potential for optimization, and to propose diagnostic reference levels (DRLs). MGD was estimated from air kerma measurements and patient information collected during mammography examinations. The 75th percentile values were determined as the third quartile of the median MGD values for all hospitals, and DRLs set as 75th percentile of MGD values. The estimated median values of MGD ranged from 1.5 to 3.9 mGy for craniocaudal projection for median range of 15–59 mm compressed breast thickness (CBT). For a CBT range of 15–63 mm, the median MGD value was 1.5–5.1 mGy for medio-lateral oblique projection. Comparison with other studies showed that the MGD values obtained in this study were relatively high. The magnitude and wide variation of the exposure parameters suggest existing potential for optimization. The training of radiology staff was identified as a top priority.
The effect of cooling rate on the precision of measurement of glow peak 5 in the thermoluminescence of LiF:Mg,Ti (TLD-100)
Authors: Bokobza Yogev , Biderman Shlomo , Horowitz Yigal Shalom , Oster Leonid , Eliyahu Ilan , Shapiro Alex , Nemirovsky Dmitry , Reshes Galina , Herman Beny , Einav Hezy 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The effect of natural rapid cooling and oven slow cooling on the precision of thermoluminescence measurements of LiF:Mg,Ti is investigated. Three separate series of measurements resulted in average precisions of 5.1 and 5.0%, respectively. However, the highest precision of 1.7% (1 SD) was achieved for an oven-cooled material.
Navigating the multiple views of value in assessing public procurement
Authors: Merisalo Maria , Hyytinen Kirsi , Oksanen Juha , Pihlajamaa Matti , Uyarra Elvira 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Public procurement has gained a heightened role in responding to grand societal challenges. Additional goals besides the more traditional objectives for public procurement have produced conflicts and raised the question of how to assess public procurement comprehensively. In this article, we explore the impact model created for the National Public Procurement Strategy of Finland. We investigate the main positions from where to value and assess public procurement and the key conflicts between the different positions. The national strategy of Finland emphasizes that public organizations should put more weight on secondary policy goals. However, this seems to produce “paradoxes,” as partly contradicting goals are pursued simultaneously. The article shows that it is possible to highlight both the strategic and operational roles of public procurement. However, the existence of the paradoxes is important to take into account in governing public procurement.
Outpatient Clinics, Visiting Nurses and Propaganda: Spaces, Actors and Tools of Mental Hygiene in Interwar Italy
Authors: Scarfone Marianna 
Published: January 2024

Summary
In interwar Italy, the mental hygiene movement enacted a series of measures in order to control, prevent and contain psychiatric diseases. Developing as a pillar of social medicine, mental hygiene represented a challenging outlook for the psychiatric field, as far as it filled a gap in existing assistance, providing outpatient facilities and avoiding the pitfalls of hospitalisation’s legal constraints. This article analyses the debates aimed at reforming the 1904 law on asylums and the issues at stake, as autonomy from judiciary powers and screening and follow-up in free consultations. It then examines the functioning of dispensaries that responded to these issues, the role of the visiting nurses, as well as that of propaganda deployed by the local sections of The League of Mental Hygiene. Relying on diverse case studies, it aims at reopening the debate on a controversial phase of Italian sociopolitical history through the analysis of psychiatric practices.
Physiological, metabolic and hormonal responses of two Pinus spp. with contrasting susceptibility to brown-spot needle blight disease
Authors: Monteiro Pedro , Valledor Luis , Osorio Sonia , Camisón Álvaro , Vallarino José Gabriel , Gómez-Cadenas Aurelio , Díez Julio Javier , Pinto Glória 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Needle blights are serious fungal diseases affecting European natural and planted pine forests. Brown-spot needle blight (BSNB) disease, caused by the fungus Lecanosticta acicola, causes canopy defoliation and severe productivity losses, with consequences depending on host susceptibility. To gain new insights into BSNB plant–pathogen interactions, constitutive and pathogen-induced traits were assessed in two host species with differential disease susceptibility. Six-month-old Pinus radiata D. Don (susceptible) and Pinus pinea L. (more resistant) seedlings were needle inoculated with L. acicola under controlled conditions. Eighty days after inoculation, healthy-looking needles from symptomatic plants were assessed for physiological parameters and sampled for biochemical analysis. Disease progression, plant growth, leaf gas-exchanges and biochemical parameters were complemented with hormonal and untargeted primary metabolism analysis and integrated for a holistic analysis. Constitutive differences between pine species were observed. Pinus pinea presented higher stomatal conductance and transpiration rate and higher amino and organic acids, abscisic acid as well as putrescine content than P. radiata. Symptoms from BSNB disease were observed in 54.54% of P. radiata and 45.45% of P. pinea seedlings, being more pronounced and generalized in P. radiata. For both species, plant height, sub-stomatal CO2 concentration and water-use efficiency were impacted by infection. In P. radiata, total soluble sugars, starch and total flavonoids content increased after infection. No differences in hormone content after infection were observed. However, secondary metabolism was induced in P. pinea visible through total phenolics, flavonoids and putrescine accumulation. Overall, the observed results suggest that P. pinea constitutive and induced traits may function as two layers of a defence strategy which contributed to an increased BSNB resistance in comparison with P. radiata. This is the first integrative study linking plant physiological and molecular traits in Pinus–Lecanosticta acicola pathosystem, contributing to a better understanding of the underlying resistance mechanisms to BSNB disease in pines.
Facial Beauty and the Correlation of Associated Attributes: An Empirical Aesthetic Database Study
Authors: Singh Prateush , Birkett Liam , Dhar Shivani , Krumhuber Eva , Mosahebi Afshin , Ponniah Allan 
Published: January 2024

Background:
The pursuit of understanding facial beauty has been the subject of scientific interest since time immemorial. How beauty is associated with other perceived attributes that affect human interaction remains elusive. This article aims to explore how facial attractiveness correlates with health, happiness, femininity, and perceived age. We review the existing literature and report an empirical study using expert raters.

Methods:
A peer-reviewed database of 2870 aesthetic female faces with a global ethnic distribution was created. Twenty-one raters were asked to score frontal images on the attributes of health, happiness, femininity, perceived age, and attractiveness, on a Likert scale of 0–100.

Results:
Pearson correlation coefficients (“r”) were calculated to correlate attributes, with multiple regression analyses and P values calculated. Strong positive correlation was found between attractiveness and health (r = 0.61, P < 0.05), attractiveness and femininity (r = 0.7, P < 0.05), and health and femininity (r = 0.57, P < 0.05); medium positive correlation between health and happiness (r = 0.31, P < 0.05); and small positive correlation between happiness and femininity (r = 0.21, P < 0.05). A neutral relationship was observed between perceived age and happiness (0.01, P = 0.75), and medium negative correlation between perceived age and attractiveness (−0.32, P < 0.05), health (−0.36, P < 0.05), and femininity (−0.31, P < 0.05).

Conclusions:
Our study illustrates a positive correlation between the positive attributes of health, happiness, femininity and attractiveness, with a negative correlation of all characteristics with increasing perceived age. This provides insight into the complexity of human interaction and provides a holistic view of attraction as being a gateway to the reflexive perception of other attributes. The implications encourage an aesthetic focus on facial reconstruction.
Use of Supinator Motor Branches in Targeted Muscle Reinnervation of the Superficial Radial Nerve
Authors: Ferrin Peter C. , Hathaway Brynn , Russo Stephanie A. , Peters Blair R. 
Published: January 2024

Summary:
Symptomatic neuromas of the superficial radial nerve (SRN) can cause debilitating pain. Traditional surgical management options have demonstrated inconsistent outcomes prompting a search for alternatives. Recent reports have emerged on the use of targeted muscle reinnervation (TMR) for neuromas of the SRN using donors that are well established in hand surgery, such as the brachioradialis (BR) or extensor capri radialis longus or brevis. Use of the brachioradialis or extensor capri radialis longus motor targets can require surgery at or above the level of the antecubital fossa, and denervation of these muscle groups may be undesirable in cases of complex upper extremity injury where these donors may be needed for tendon or nerve transfer. The supinator is an expendable and often overlooked donor nerve that has not been assessed as a target for TMR of the SRN. In this case series, three patients with SRN neuromas whose conservative management failed and who did not have an SRN lesion amenable to reconstruction were managed with TMR to the nerves to supinator. At latest follow-up (9–22 months), no patients had deficits in supination or evident donor site morbidity. Two patients reported complete resolution of their SRN neuroma pain, and one patient reported partial improvement. This case series reports early results of TMR of the SRN using nerves to supinator in cases of SRN neuromas not amenable to reconstruction, demonstrating technical feasibility, improvements in neuroma pain, and no discernible donor morbidity.
Prepectoral and Retropectoral Breast-implant–Associated Anaplastic Large-cell Lymphoma
Authors: Ziegler-Rodriguez Gonzalo , Garces-Ruiz Milko , De La Cruz-Ku Gabriel , Ziegler-Rodriguez Otto , Ziegler-Gutierrez Otto , Garces-Castre Milko , Montes-Gil Jaime , Neira Jimena , Taxa-Rojas Luis , Cebrian Rosa , Chatterjee Abhishek 
Published: January 2024

Summary:
Breast-implant–associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) is a non-Hodgkin lymphoma that arises in the space between the surface of a breast implant and the fibrous capsule that grows around the implant. Since its first description 20 years ago, almost 1000 cases of BIA-ALCL have been diagnosed worldwide. Nowadays, guidelines describe the diagnosis, staging, and treatment of this disease. We present the first two cases diagnosed and treated in Peru, demonstrating a wide range of aggressiveness of BIA-ALCL.
Consequence of Antivirals Versus Standard Care on Clinical Situation in Patients With COVID-19
Authors: Alsaraj Marwa N. , Qazzaz Mohannad E. , Abed Mohammed N. , Alassaf Fawaz A. , Alfahad Mohanad A. , Jasim Mahmood H.M. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Favipiravir and remdesivir have recently received more clinical interest for the management of COVID-19. The study aimed to explore the effectiveness of favipiravir or remdesivir on the clinical outcome of SARS-CoV-2 patients in comparison with standard care. All patients were given standard care before being randomized into the following 3 groups: standard care group (standard care only), remdesivir group (remdesivir and standard care), and favipiravir group (group 3, favipiravir and standard care). The primary endpoint of the study was time to recovery or the clinical condition of patients on day 14. A total of 156 patients underwent randomization (53 assigned to standard care group, 51 to favipiravir group, and 52 to remdesivir group). The percentage of death in favipiravir and remdesivir groups was higher than those in the standard care group and likewise the liver enzymes. Studying the time to starting therapy showed that early administration of antivirals resulted in lower percentage of mortality. The ratio of hazard for early favipiravir and remdesivir was lower in comparison with those treated with late administration of the same drugs (hazard ratio, 0.62; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.62–0.73 vs 3.22; 95% CI, 3.21–3.44, respectively, for favipiravir and 0.11; 95% CI, 0.10–0.12 vs 3.44; 95% CI, 3.43–3.55, respectively, for remdesivir). For favipiravir or remdesivir to have more beneficial effects than standard care alone for SARS-CoV-2 patients, they need to be started as early as possible. However, regular monitoring of liver function is required.
Patient engagement in designing, conducting, and disseminating clinical pain research: IMMPACT recommended considerations
Authors: Haroutounian Simon , Holzer Katherine J. , Kerns Robert D. , Veasley Christin , Dworkin Robert H. , Turk Dennis C. , Carman Kristin L. , Chambers Christine T. , Cowan Penney , Edwards Robert R. , Eisenach James C. , Farrar John T. , Ferguson McKenzie , Forsythe Laura P. , Freeman Roy , Gewandter Jennifer S. , Gilron Ian , Goertz Christine , Grol-Prokopczyk Hanna , Iyengar Smriti , Jordan Isabel , Kamp Cornelia , Kleykamp Bethea A. , Knowles Rachel L. , Langford Dale J. , Mackey Sean , Malamut Richard , Markman John , Martin Kathryn R. , McNicol Ewan , Patel Kushang V. , Rice Andrew S.C. , Rowbotham Michael , Sandbrink Friedhelm , Simon Lee S. , Steiner Deborah J. , Vollert Jan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In the traditional clinical research model, patients are typically involved only as participants. However, there has been a shift in recent years highlighting the value and contributions that patients bring as members of the research team, across the clinical research lifecycle. It is becoming increasingly evident that to develop research that is both meaningful to people who have the targeted condition and is feasible, there are important benefits of involving patients in the planning, conduct, and dissemination of research from its earliest stages. In fact, research funders and regulatory agencies are now explicitly encouraging, and sometimes requiring, that patients are engaged as partners in research. Although this approach has become commonplace in some fields of clinical research, it remains the exception in clinical pain research. As such, the Initiative on Methods, Measurement, and Pain Assessment in Clinical Trials convened a meeting with patient partners and international representatives from academia, patient advocacy groups, government regulatory agencies, research funding organizations, academic journals, and the biopharmaceutical industry to develop consensus recommendations for advancing patient engagement in all stages of clinical pain research in an effective and purposeful manner. This article summarizes the results of this meeting and offers considerations for meaningful and authentic engagement of patient partners in clinical pain research, including recommendations for representation, timing, continuous engagement, measurement, reporting, and research dissemination.
Behavioral characterization of G-protein-coupled receptor 160 knockout mice
Authors: Schafer Rachel M. , Giancotti Luigino A. , Davis Daniel J. , Larrea Ivonne G. , Farr Susan A. , Salvemini Daniela 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Neuropathic pain is a devastating condition where current therapeutics offer little to no pain relief. Novel nonnarcotic therapeutic targets are needed to address this growing medical problem. Our work identified the G-protein-coupled receptor 160 (GPR160) as a potential target for therapeutic intervention. However, the lack of small-molecule ligands for GPR160 hampers our understanding of its role in health and disease. To address this void, we generated a global Gpr160 knockout (KO) mouse using CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing technology to validate the contributions of GPR160 in nociceptive behaviors in mice. Gpr160 KO mice are healthy and fertile, with no observable physical abnormalities. Gpr160 KO mice fail to develop behavioral hypersensitivities in a model of neuropathic pain caused by constriction of the sciatic nerve. On the other hand, responses of Gpr160 KO mice in the hot-plate and tail-flick assays are not affected. We recently deorphanized GPR160 and identified cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript peptide (CARTp) as a potential ligand. Using Gpr160 KO mice, we now report that the development of behavioral hypersensitivities after intrathecal or intraplantar injections of CARTp are dependent on GPR160. Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript peptide plays a role in various affective behaviors, such as anxiety, depression, and cognition. There are no differences in learning, memory, and anxiety between Gpr160 KO mice and their age-matched and sex-matched control floxed mice. Results from these studies support the pronociceptive roles of CARTp/GPR160 and GPR160 as a potential therapeutic target for treatment of neuropathic pain.