bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pulmonary Transit Time Derived from First‐Pass Perfusion Cardiac MR Imaging: A Potential New Marker for Cardiac Involvement and Prognosis in Light‐Chain Amyloidosis
Authors: Bi Keying , Wan Ke , Xu Yuanwei , Wang Jie , Li Weihao , Guo Jiajun , Xu Ziqian , Li Yangjie , Deng Qiao , Cheng Wei , Sun Jiayu , Chen Yucheng 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundFirst‐pass perfusion cardiac MR imaging could reflect pulmonary hemodynamics. However, the clinical value of pulmonary transit time (PTT) derived from first‐pass perfusion MRI in light‐chain (AL) amyloidosis requires further evaluation.PurposeTo assess the clinical and prognostic value of PTT in patients with AL amyloidosis.Study TypeProspective observational study.Population226 biopsy‐proven systemic AL amyloidosis patients (age 58.62 ± 10.10 years, 135 males) and 43 healthy controls (age 42 ± 16.2 years, 20 males).Field Strength/SequenceSSFP cine and phase sensitive inversion recovery late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) sequences, and multislice first‐pass myocardial perfusion imaging with a saturation recovery turbo fast low‐angle shot (SR‐TurboFLASH) pulse sequence at 3.0T.AssessmentPTT was measured as the time interval between the peaks of right and left ventricular cavity arterial input function curves on first‐pass perfusion MR images.Statistical TestsIndependent‐sample t test, Mann–Whitney U test, Chi‐square test, Fisher's exact test, analysis of variance, or Kruskal–Wallis test, as appropriate; univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models and Kaplan–Meier curves, area under receiver operating characteristic curve were used to determine statistical significance.ResultsPTT could differentiate AL amyloidosis patients with (N = 188) and without (N = 38) cardiac involvement (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.839). During a median follow‐up of 35 months, 160 patients (70.8%) demonstrated all‐cause mortality. After adjustments for clinical (Hazard ratio [HR] 1.061, confidence interval [CI]: 1.021–1.102), biochemical (HR 1.055, CI: 1.014–1.097), cardiac MRI‐derived (HR 1.077, CI: 1.034–1.123), and therapeutic (HR 1.063, CI: 1.024–1.103) factors, PTT predicted mortality independently in patients with AL amyloidosis. Finally, PTT could identify worse outcomes in patients demonstrating New York Heart Association class III, Mayo 2004 stage III, and transmural LGE pattern.Data ConclusionPTT may serve as a new imaging predictor of cardiac involvement and prognosis in AL amyloidosis.Level of Evidence2Technical EfficacyStage 2
Oncological outcomes of unexpected uterine leiomyosarcoma: A single‐center retrospective analysis of 5528 consecutive hysterectomies
Authors: Casarin Jvan , Ghezzi Fabio , Lembo Antonio , Artuso Valeria , Schivardi Gabriella , Galati Emanuele Filippo , Ambrosoli Andrea Luigi , Bogani Giorgio , Multinu Francesco , Cromi Antonella 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackground and MethodsUterine leiomyosarcomas (uLMS) are rare malignant tumors, often incidentally discovered, with an estimated annual incidence of five cases per one million women in the United States. This study aimed to compare the oncological outcomes of two groups of patients: those with uLMS incidentally found during surgery and those who underwent surgery due to suspected or confirmed uLMS before the procedure. The study assessed patients who had undergone hysterectomy and were diagnosed with stage I uLMS at a tertiary gynecologic oncology referral center in Italy between January 2000 and December 2019. Data on patients' baseline characteristics, surgical procedures, and oncological outcomes were collected. The patients were classified into two groups based on whether uLMS was unexpectedly discovered or suspected before the surgery. Survival rates and factors influencing recurrence were analyzed.ResultsThe study included 36 patients meeting the inclusion criteria, with 12 having preoperatively suspected or proven uLMS and 24 having incidentally discovered uLMS. No significant differences were observed between the two groups regarding disease‐free survival (23.7 vs. 27.3 months, log rank = 0.28), disease‐specific survival (median not reached, log rank = 0.78), or sites of relapse. Notably, among patients who underwent laparoscopic hysterectomy (compared to open surgery), a significantly higher rate of locoregional recurrence was found (78% vs. 33.3%, p = 0.04). Nevertheless, no significant differences in survival were observed based on the surgical approach.ConclusionsPreoperative suspicion for uLMS did not seem to impact survival outcomes or the pattern of recurrence. Furthermore, although patients who underwent laparoscopic hysterectomy showed a higher rate of locoregional relapse, this did not affect their overall survival.
Case Report: Human Tracheal Transplantation Undergoes Progressive Reepithelialization Over Time
Authors: Laitman Benjamin M. , Cruz‐Encarnacion Pamela , Gordon Ronald E. , Genden Eric M. 
Published: November 2023

ObjectivesTracheal transplantation is an ideal option for the reconstruction of long‐segment circumferential tracheal defects. Our group performed the first successful vascularized single‐staged tracheal transplantation in January 2021. Although a rigid biocompatible structure is necessary for a functioning tracheal replacement, the importance of ciliated epithelium, which allows for critical mucociliary clearance, is now being appreciated. Here, we examined the histological changes of the first single‐staged human tracheal transplant from serial endoscopic biopsies.MethodsBiopsies of the tracheal mucosa were serially obtained since the time of the tracheal transplantation. Samples were examined via hematoxylin and eosin, electron microscopy, and immunohistochemistry.ResultsOne week after transplantation, there is loss of ciliated epithelium and seromucinous cells, with only a basal layer of epithelium remaining. By 2 weeks, however, the epithelium begins to recover, albeit differently depending on the location of the biopsy. Near the site of tracheal anastomosis, there is epithelial proliferation, with the appearance of early ciliated cells. However, in the midgraft, there appears to be evidence of squamous metaplasia. Over time, however, normal ciliated epithelium and mucous cells appear without signs of chronic inflammation.ConclusionsCritically, the tracheal allograft regained normal appearing respiratory epithelium after initial ischemic injury. The histologic differences at the midgraft versus anastomosis may suggest unique mechanisms of reepithelialization. At the recipient–donor interface, there may be a faster direct migration of recipient‐derived epithelial cells, in line with preclinical studies. The midgraft, in contrast, responds with epithelial proliferation from the donor basal cells or dedifferentiated mucous cells.Level of EvidenceN/A Laryngoscope, 134:2664–2671, 2024
Impact of suburban cropland intensification and afforestation on microbial biodiversity and C sequestration in paddy soils
Authors: Luo Youlin , Shen Jie , Dou Yuehan , Guo Lingke , Xin Zhiyuan , Tao Qi , Li Qiquan , Li Bing , Huang Rong , Xu Qiang , Li Huanxiu , Wang Changquan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractRapid urbanization drives changes in suburban cropland and afforestation, but the impact on soil microbes and carbon (C) dynamics remains unclear. Using genetic sequencing (16S rRNA sequence and functional prediction), we assessed the effects of cropland intensification and afforestation on the soil microbial communities and C sequestration potential in a suburban agricultural area. Traditional rotation (rice–wheat) homogenized microbial diversity along soil depth (0–100 cm). Cropland intensification (rice–wheat to rice–vegetables) and afforestation (rice–wheat to forest) decreased fungal diversity below 20 cm, while bacterial diversity and dominant taxa were less affected, due to the advantages of bacterial diversity and dominant taxa distribution. Cropland intensification increased profile C accumulation, mainly due to excessive fertilization (obviously decreased aerobic_chemoheterotrophy below 20 cm in bacterial function), but not C stability (significantly increased permanganate oxidizable C (POXC), and microbial‐dependent C sources tend to from crop litter to soil sources). Afforestation offset C accumulation through no fertilization and inundation, but increased saprophytic function for C sequestration. In addition, pH and C had opposing effects on dominant microbial taxa, mitigating extreme differentiation. Subsoil was more sensitive to changes than topsoil. Altogether, soil C stability decoupled from C accumulation in the suburban agricultural area. Cropland intensification increased C accumulation yet decreased bacterial C sequestration potential and C stability; cropland afforestation facilitated fungi‐derived C accumulation and its C sequestration. Deep soil C sequestration was more vulnerable to suburban agriculture practices, emphasizing the need to consider subsoil C‐cycling in agricultural practices amid urbanization.
Assessing the dam's stability of the pond at the ‘El Bosque’ renaissance garden (Béjar, Spain)
Authors: Ayarza Puy , Yenes Mariano , Sánchez‐Sánchez Yolanda , Palomeras Imma , Catalán José R. Martínez , Gil‐Arranz Enrique , Barreiro Juan Gómez 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe renaissance botanical garden of ‘El Bosque’ in Béjar (Salamanca, Spain) presents a pond bounded by a dam in its western part. The latter is formed by two masonry walls interconnected by buttresses. Cubic spaces in between are filled with a variable grain‐size material (silty sand) that allows limited water flow. In recent years, the southern part of the dam has experienced localized and random subsidence that jeopardizes the entrance to part of the garden. To regain access, a proper and reliable diagnosis of the origin, magnitude and relevance of the subsidence must be made. In this regard, we have undertaken a microgravity survey in the dam area to identify places with an anomalous distribution of the filling material in order to foresee further sinking or potential collapsing areas. The precise positioning (2 mm resolution) and accurate terrain correction needed in this kind of high‐resolution gravity surveys (points every 1.5 m) were achieved by creating a detailed digital terrain model (cm resolution) with a remotely piloted aircraft. In addition, we performed three electric resistivity tomography (ERT) profiles at different levels of the garden: (i) on the dam itself; (ii) right on the foot of the dam and parallel to it (5 m below and ∼17 m to the W); and (iii) a bit farther, but also parallel to the dam (8 m below and ∼27 m to the W). The ERT profiles identified high conductivity in water‐saturated areas and determined the paths that rainfall and pond's seepage water follow in the dam and its underground, formed by granites. The geophysical studies were paired with geotechnical analyses of the sunk materials. The study concluded that the thinnest fraction of the dam's filling material (i.e., silts) is being washed away, leaving behind sand with less density and stability, susceptible to collapse. Thus, the observed sinking is related to soil piping, that is to soil internal erosion and compaction issues that force the soil material to re‐adjust geometrically and volumetrically.
Orthogonal collocation based‐optimization of fouling resistance for industrial low‐density polyethylene production in a tubular reactor
Authors: Rohman Fakhrony Sholahudin , Muhammad Dinie , Idris Iylia , Murat Muhamad Nazri , Zahan Khairul Azly , Azmi Ashraf 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn tubular reactors, fouling issues are caused due to two reasons. One is the heating–cooling prerequisite, and the other is the exothermic nature of the low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) polymerization process. These issues must be considered while optimizing LDPE production to provide maximum productivity and a safe operation. However, it is not a simple process because the conversion of the monomer (XM) is generally related to significant profits. This conversion might be performed at high reaction temperatures, resulting in fouling formation. Therefore, in this research, a study of dynamic optimization to find the most efficient production of LDPE in the presence of fouling resistance (Rf) restrictions is conducted. An Rf is employed as a measure of fouling. To establish the highest reactor Rf , this study employs variations in the heat transfer coefficient (U) calculated from industry data. This dynamic optimization study addresses the optimization challenges using dynopt coded programming based on orthogonal collocation (OC) and sequential quadratic programming methodologies. Beforehand, the LDPE model is validated with industrial data. This study evaluates three possibilities to determine the most optimum reactor performance. The most optimum reactor output is determined from the constrained maximum conversion, which gave 32.15% conversion, while the was effectively met at 47.37cm2 s K/cal.
Prognostic scoring system for pediatric Epstein–Barr virus‐associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis based on baseline characteristics: A multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Kong Qi , Li Min , Wang Jingshi , Wu Lin , Zhou Dunhua , Yang Minghua , Xu Xiaojun , Tan Zhen , Wu Xiaoyan , Wang Zhao 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe prognosis of pediatric Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)‐associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (EBV‐HLH) varies. This study aimed to identify high‐risk children early.ProcedureData from 264 children (0–14 years of age), diagnosed with EBV‐HLH at six centers in China between January 2016 and December 2021, were analyzed. Patients were randomly divided into derivation (n = 185) and verification (n = 79) cohorts. A Cox regression model was used to explore risk predictors and establish a prognostic scoring system for death events that occurred during the follow‐up period.ResultsChronic active EBV infection (CAEBV) history (hazard ratio [HR] 1.82 [95% confidence interval, CI: 1.02–3.26]; p = .0441), plasma EBV‐DNA more than 104 copies/mL (HR 2.89 [95% CI: 1.62–5.16]; p = .0003), pulmonary infection (HR 2.24 [95% CI: 1.06–4.75]; p = .0353), digestive tract hemorrhage (HR 2.55 [95% CI: 1.35–4.82]; p = .0041), and hypoxemia (HR 3.95 [95% CI: 2.15–7.26]; p < .0001) were independent risk factors. Accordingly, the CAEBV history, plasma EBV‐DNA copy number, pulmonary infection hemorrhage of digestive tract, hypoxemia prognostic scoring system (CEPHO‐PSS) were developed, which separated patients into low‐ (0–1 points), middle‐ (2–3 points), and high‐ (4–8 points) risk groups. Survival curves for the three groups exhibited statistically significant differences (p < .0001). Internal and external verification of CEPHO‐PSS was performed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and calibration curves in the derivation and verification cohorts, respectively, confirming good accuracy and applicability.ConclusionsThe CEPHO‐PSS identified three risk groups with statistically significant differences in survival curves. It was based on the baseline characteristics, and can give clinicians a convenient check for risk prediction.
Plasma atomic layer etching of ruthenium with surface fluorination and ion bombardment
Authors: Kim Yongjae , Kang Hojin , Ha Heeju , Choi Minsuk , Jeon Minsung , Cho Sung Min , Chae Heeyeop 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe plasma atomic layer etching (ALE) process for Ru was developed with surface fluorination and ion bombardment. We employed two methods for surface fluorination: (i) fluorocarbon deposition using CHF3 or C4F8 plasmas and (ii) chemisorption and diffusion with CF4 plasma. C4F8 plasma generated a more fluorine rich fluorocarbon layer on the Ru surface compared with CHF3 plasma, and a higher etch per cycle (EPC) of 1.5 nm/cycle was achieved with C4F8 plasma, in contrast to the 0.6 nm/cycle achieved with CHF3 plasma. Moreover, chemisorption and diffusion with CF4 plasma yielded an EPC of 1.2 nm/cycle. The ALE process using CHF3 plasma shows the lowest fluorine residue and lowest surface roughness compared with the ALE process using C4F8 and CF4 plasmas.
Identification of sequence determinants for the ABHD14 enzymes
Authors: Vaidya Kaveri , Rodrigues Golding , Gupta Sonali , Devarajan Archit , Yeolekar Mihika , Madhusudhan M. S. , Kamat Siddhesh S. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractOver the course of evolution, enzymes have developed remarkable functional diversity in catalyzing important chemical reactions across various organisms, and understanding how new enzyme functions might have evolved remains an important question in modern enzymology. To systematically annotate functions, based on their protein sequences and available biochemical studies, enzymes with similar catalytic mechanisms have been clustered together into an enzyme superfamily. Typically, enzymes within a superfamily have similar overall three‐dimensional structures, conserved catalytic residues, but large variations in substrate recognition sites and residues to accommodate the diverse biochemical reactions that are catalyzed within the superfamily. The serine hydrolases are an excellent example of such an enzyme superfamily. Based on known enzymatic activities and protein sequences, they are split almost equally into the serine proteases and metabolic serine hydrolases. Within the metabolic serine hydrolases, there are two outlying members, ABHD14A and ABHD14B, that have high sequence similarity, but their biological functions remained cryptic till recently. While ABHD14A still lacks any functional annotation to date, we recently showed that ABHD14B functions as a lysine deacetylase in mammals. Given their high sequence similarity, automated databases often wrongly assign ABHD14A and ABHD14B as the same enzyme, and therefore, annotating functions to them in various organisms has been problematic. In this article, we present a bioinformatics study coupled with biochemical experiments, which identifies key sequence determinants for both ABHD14A and ABHD14B, and enable better classification for them. In addition, we map these enzymes on an evolutionary timescale and provide a much‐wanted resource for studying these interesting enzymes in different organisms.
Eigensolutions, virial theorem and molecular study of nonrelativistic Krazer‐Fues potential
Authors: Onate Clement A. , Okon Ituen B. , Omugbe Ekwevugbe , Onyeaju M. C. , Owolabi J. A. , Emeje K. O. , Eyube Edwin Samson , Obasuyi A. R. , William Eddy S. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA Kratzer‐Fues potential is coupled with its self to form a double Kratzer‐Fues potential. The solutions of the radial Schrödinger equation with the combined potential are obtained via two different methodologies. Using the supersymmetric approach, the energy equation for a non‐approximated centrifugal term is obtained. The energy equation for the approximated centrifugal term is obtained using the parametric Nikiforov‐Uvarov method. Numerical results are computed for five molecules using MATLAB software program. The computed numerical values are compared with the experimental values and the ground state energy obtained from Herzberg's energy level equation. The study revealed that the results of the approximated centrifugal term are better than the results of the non‐approximated centrifugal term for four molecules.
Paraquat ingestion in an adult with cystic fibrosis (CF): Diagnostic and management dilemmas
Authors: Evans Ieuan E. S. , Kumar Shanal , France Megan , Smith Daniel , Masel Philip , Tay George , Henderson Daniel , Bell Scott C. , Reid David 
Published: November 2023

AbstractN,N'‐dimethyl‐4,4'bipyridinium dichloride (Paraquat) is a potent herbicide used widely in agriculture. We report the effects of an ingestion of paraquat by a 28 year old male with cystic fibrosis and the diagnostic and management challenges this posed in both the acute and longer term setting. We describe the effects of direct paraquat toxicity on the lung tissue secondary to aspiration and review the long‐term sequelae of paraquat, namely osteonecrosis. Our case is the first to describe osteonecrosis of the knee in the context of paraquat toxicity. Survival following ingestion remains poor with a high associated mortality. However, timely treatment with NAC and immunosuppression may impact on survival. In those patients who do survive the acute phase post ingestion, follow‐up over years may be required to detect the long‐term effects of paraquat on bone health.
Architecture Controls Phonon Propagation in All‐Solid Brush Colloid Metamaterials
Authors: Cang Yu , Sainidou Rebecca , Rembert Pascal , Matyjaszewski Krzysztof , Bockstaller Michael , Graczykowski Bartlomiej , Fytas George 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBrillouin light scattering and elastodynamic theory are concurrently used to determine and interpret the hypersonic phonon dispersion relations in brush particle solids as a function of the grafting density with perspectives in optomechanics, heat management, and materials metrology. In the limit of sparse grafting density, the phonon dispersion relations bear similarity to polymer‐embedded colloidal assembly structures in which phonon dispersion can be rationalized on the basis of perfect boundary conditions, i.e., isotropic stiffness transitions across the particle interface. In contrast, for dense brush assemblies, more complex dispersion characteristics are observed that imply anisotropic stiffness transition across the particle/polymer interface. This provides direct experimental validation of phonon propagation changes associated with chain conformational transitions in dense particle brush materials. A scaling relation between interface tangential stiffness and crowding of polymer tethers is derived that provides a guideline for chemists to design brush particle materials with tailored phononic dispersion characteristics. The results emphasize the role of interfaces in composite materials systems. Given the fundamental relevance of phonon dispersion to material properties such as thermal transport or mechanical properties, it is also envisioned that the results will spur the development of novel functional hybrid materials.
High‐Precision Single‐Cell microRNA Therapy by a Functional Nanopipette with Sensitive Photoelectrochemical Feedback
Authors: Zheng You‐Wei , Yu Si‐Yuan , Li Zheng , Xu Yi‐Tong , Zhao Wei‐Wei , Jiang Dechen , Chen Hong‐Yuan , Xu Jing‐Juan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis work proposes the concept of single‐cell microRNA (miR) therapy and proof‐of‐concept by engineering a nanopipette for high‐precision miR‐21‐targeted therapy in a single HeLa cell with sensitive photoelectrochemical (PEC) feedback. Targeting the representative oncogenic miR‐21, the as‐functionalized nanopipette permits direct intracellular drug administration with precisely controllable dosages, and the corresponding therapeutic effects can be sensitively transduced by a PEC sensing interface that selectively responds to the indicator level of cytosolic caspase‐3. The experimental results reveal that injection of ca. 4.4 × 10−20 mol miR‐21 inhibitor, i.e., 26488 copies, can cause the obvious therapeutic action in the targeted cell. This work features a solution to obtain the accurate knowledge of how a certain miR‐drug with specific dosages treats the cells and thus provides an insight into futuristic high‐precision clinical miR therapy using personalized medicine, provided that the prerequisite single‐cell experiments are courses of personalized customization.