bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Architecture and Engineering
Authors: Bertman Stephen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Through architecture and engineering, humanity leaves its mark upon the earth. Over the long course of time, however, the forces of nature and the destructive bent of man conspire to erase that mark, leaving only its remnants for the archaeologist to trace. This is especially true in a land like southern Mesopotamia that lacks stone, where structures could be built only of clay. Indeed, in all of Iraq there is not a single ancient monument still standing intact that dates to Sumerian, Babylonian, or Assyrian times. Unlike the Egyptologist who gazes at the pyramids of Giza and the columned splendor of Karnak, the student of Mesopotamia must sadly contemplate foundations in the dust.
Models of Food-Web Evolution
Authors: McKane Alan J , Drossel Barbara 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
While it is often possible to model the nature of the dynamics with which constituents of a fixed network interact with each other, it is frequently much more difficult to specify the range and nature of the topologies and interaction strengths of possible networks. Here we argue, in the context of food webs, that it is necessary to go beyond simply studying dynamics on a network with a fixed number of constituents and fixed interaction strengths, and to couple this dynamics to processes connected with the construction of the network. This could include dynamics for the introduction and deletion of constituents and for the changing of interaction strengths, depending on the states of the local constituents. In the case of food webs, where the constituents are species and the interactions are predator-prey relationships, this involves going beyond conventional population dynamics to include mechanisms which allow for the introduction and extinction of species and changing of feeding preferences. We review a model of food-web evolution that we have been involved in developing over the last few years, which encapsulates this philosophy. We also discuss a variety of other models that have been put forward.
Paul’s Embittered Enemies
Authors: Ehrman Bart D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Not only was Paul a divisive figure for the first three centuries, but he continues to divide people today. I enjoy giving talks to groups of all sorts, and over the years I have given a number of lectures on Paul—both the Paul of history and the Paul of legend. I have spoken to some religious communities for whom Paul is a four-letter word, who see the apostle to the Gentiles as the one who perverted the simple gospel of love and faith proclaimed by Jesus into a complicated, guiltproducing, misogynistic, and anti-Semitic doctrine of wrath and atonement.
Mary: The Residual Questions
Authors: Ehrman Bart D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Like many of my friends who are scholars of the New Testament and early Christianity, I get asked to do a lot of lectures around the country. Over the past few years I’ve been struck by what seems to pique the interest of a crowd— whether they are church people committed to their beliefs in Christ or secular audiences interested in Christianity as a cultural and historical phenomenon. If I’m giving a lecture on Peter or Paul, there will always be a few interested souls. But if I’m talking about Mary, the throngs will flock in. Mary is the hot topic of the day; Peter and Paul seem old and tired by comparison.
The Sacred Place—Cemetery, Church, Camp Meeting Ground
Authors: Neville Gwen Kennedy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In A Society where mobility is the rule and individuals find themselves propelled away from their families into personal lives aimed at fulfillment and achievement, it is not surprising that one of the objects of nostalgia is the permanent fixed place, the location to which one might return “home” for a time in order to become refreshed. Few American Protestants, in fact, have such a permanent home base. Their own parents have moved about in response to job opportunities, corporate demands, personal ambitions, or preference for different locations, and their grandparents were the children either of immigrants or of pioneers. Sacred places form the focus for summer pilgrimages by Protestants in the shape of cemetery or church homecomings and camp meetings at rural camp grounds. The Cemetery Association Day Just as the Worthy family will gather in honor of a common ancestor each June, so the Martin’ s Crossing Cemetery Association will hold a homecoming. On the Sunday morning of the homecoming the older men of the association arrive early and start cooking barbecued chicken for the main course of the noon meal.
The Paths Diverge
Authors: Marsden George M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The people facing this crisis were “Victorians.”1 Their culture was dominated by a Protestant middle class which combined an at least formal reverence for their religious heritage with a deep concern for morality, respectability, and order. The leaders of this culture believed that they had a mission among the poor at home and among the heathen abroad (in the words of President McKinley) to “uplift and Christianize.” The Victorians placed great value on both rationality and sentiment. Their era, characterized by the desire for order in society, was a technological one-an age of statistics, standardization, professionalism, specialization, and tremendous industrial expansion.
Prologue: The Paradox of Revivalist Fundamentalism
Authors: Marsden George M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Fundamentalism was a mosaic of divergent and sometimes contradictory traditions and tendencies that could never be totally integrated. Sometimes its advocates were backward looking and reactionary, at other times they were imaginative innovators. On some occasions they appeared militant and divisive; on others they were warm and irenic. At times they seemed ready to forsake the whole world over a point of doctrine; at other times they appeared heedless of tradition in their zeal to win converts. Sometimes they were optimistic patriots; sometimes they were prophets shaking from their feet the dust of a doomed civilization.
The Victorious Life
Authors: Marsden George M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
“Indeed, within the last twenty years,’’ C. I. Scofield observed in 1899, “more has been written and said upon the doctrine of the Holy Spirit than in the preceding eighteen hundred years.” Scofield’s estimate, which appeared in his own work on the Spirit, was not implausible.2 During the preceding decades the movements known in the twentieth century as “Holiness,” “Pentecostal,” and “fundamentalist” had been taking shape and each had a common origin in the resurgence of interest in the Holy Spirit that was sweeping American evangelicalism.
Fundamentalism as an Intellectual Phenomenon
Authors: Marsden George M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Clarence Darrow said in Dayton that his intention was to prevent “bigots and ignoramuses” from controlling the schools. This view of the fundamentalist intellect would continue to prevail in the liberal community. Stewart Cole populated his History of Fundamentalism with “religiously disturbed” defenders of “antiquated beliefs,” contending against “open-minded seekers for the truth that makes man free.” According to H. Richard Niebuhr “inadequate development of educational institutions” and “the distrust of reason and the emphasis on emotion” resulted from the isolation, poverty, and hardships of farm life.
Of Genius, Fire, And Plague
Authors: Christianson Gale E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Newton Had No Sooner Graduated From Cambridge Than He was forced to leave the university and return to Woolsthorpe, though not of his own choosing. In London, where the city’s rapidly increasing population had reached half a million by 1660, people were suddenly taken ill. The disease began with a severe headache and dizziness, followed by trembling in the limbs, swelling under the arms and in the groins, raging fever, and, finally, telltale dark splotches on the skin, which the widely read London cleric Thomas Vincent described as “tokens of near approaching death. Within a few hours they must go down into the dust.”
“Kindling Coal”
Authors: Christianson Gale E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As Curator Of Experiments For The Royal Socrnty, Robert Hooke was given the considerable task of confirming Newton’s findings with prisms. No portrait of Hooke survives, hut the diary writer Samuel Pepys observed that he “is the most and promises the least of any man in the world I ever saw.” Of medium stature, Hooke suffered from a bent spine; his large head, dominated by bulging gray eyes, seemed too big for his body. A pale complexion and fixed stare created the impression of one detached and unaware of his surroundings. Taking pity on his misshapen friend in print, the biographer John Aubrey felt compelled to add of Hooke, “He haz a delicate head ofhaire, hrowne, and of an excellent moist curle.”
Formulating a Treatment Plan: A Multidimensional Approach
Authors: Lee Mo Yee , Ng Siu-Man , Leung Pamela Pui Yu , Chan Cecilia Lai Wan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Integrative Body–Mind–Spirit Social Work uses the metaphor of a “healing wheel” to describe a multidimensional orientation in treatment. The conceptual framework of a multidimensional treatment orientation is based on our clinical experiences as well as assumptions about the multidimensional and interconnected nature of human beings, problem contexts, and reality. We affirm the body–mind–spirit connection within an individual and the person-in-environment perspective in providing treatment. The healing wheel idea is graphically illustrated in Figure 4.1.
From the Body to the Mind and Spirit
Authors: Lee Mo Yee , Ng Siu-Man , Leung Pamela Pui Yu , Chan Cecilia Lai Wan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Holistic health is the result of a balanced and integrated body, mind, and spirit. As the body functions as a system, change in one of the components affects the others. Traditional social work and counseling approaches emphasize working through the mind; the body component is less emphasized. This chapter intends to place importance on working on and through the body in order to illustrate how work on the body, mind, and spirit can be linked together.
The Efficacy of the Integrative Body–Mind–Spirit Group and Social Support Group on Female Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Lee Mo Yee , Ng Siu-Man , Leung Pamela Pui Yu , Chan Cecilia Lai Wan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common form of cancer diagnosed among women in Hong Kong (Hong Kong Cancer Registry, Hospital Authority, 2004). Not only is breast cancer a menacing threat to physical health, but it also disrupts the harmony of our physical bodies, our emotions, and our spiritual well-being. Unfortunately, rarely is the disruption confined to just the physical level. Emotional health consequently deteriorates and threatens our spiritual beliefs, values, and meanings of life.
Meditation and Treatment of Female Trauma Survivors
Authors: Lee Mo Yee , Ng Siu-Man , Leung Pamela Pui Yu , Chan Cecilia Lai Wan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) became a formal diagnosis included in DSM-III only in 1980 on account of the organized efforts of Charles Figley, Chaim Shatan, and other advocate groups for veterans and trauma survivors. Trauma has pervasive and devastating impacts on individuals. Trauma survivors, especially those with prolonged histories of interpersonal abuse, typically suffer from other “co-morbid conditions.” These include, but are not limited to, diagnoses related to substance abuse problems, mood disorders (e.g., depression and manic-depressive disorders), and dissociative identity disorder (Mueser et al., 1998). According to the “self-medication” hypothesis (Khantzian, 1990), people drink to cope with negative emotions and stressors. PTSD clients also have unusually high utilization rates of psychiatric services. Macy (2002) examined records of 384,000 Medicaid recipients in Massachusetts between 1997 and 1998 and reported that PTSD and depression were the most common psychiatric diagnoses among this population. Patients with a PTSD diagnosis spent 10 times as much time in the hospital as patients with a diagnosis of depression only.
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder An Evidence-Based Approach
Authors: Vonk M Elizabeth , Bordnick Patrick , Graap Ken 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) occurs worldwide among people of all ages who experience traumatic events. The events, in which severe injury or threat of injury and death occur, may be natural disasters, such as earthquakes, or manmade, including war, automobile accidents, and crime. While most people are likely to experience some form of traumatic experience in their lifetimes, not all go on to develop PTSD. In fact, estimates of the lifetime prevalence vary widely, from 9% of the general population to 30% or more of those exposed to particular traumas such as rape, combat, or disaster (Keane & Kaloupek, 2002). In addition, several conditions are often comorbid with PTSD, including depressive and other anxiety disorders and substance abuse. Several risk factors for the development of PTSD have been identified, including female gender, history of prior psychiatric problems or abuse, and unavailability of social support (Brewin, Andrews, & Valentine, 2000). Furthermore, characteristics of the trauma itself— the severity of the trauma, the person’s sense of control over the outcome and extent of injury, and the degree of actual loss—may increase the rate of PTSD development. In general, men are more likely to be exposed to trauma related to war, and women’s exposure is more likely to be related to rape or assault.
Disciplining the Body, Disciplining the Will: Hypocrisy and Asceticism in Cistercian Monasticism
Authors: Newman Martha G 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the second decade of the thirteenth century, Goswin, a monk in the Cistercian abbey of Villers in the Brabant, celebrated the holy life and death of the Cistercian lay brother Arnulf by writing Arnulf’s vita. Goswin hardly knew Arnulf. As a lay brother, Arnulf had lived a life distinct from Goswin and the other choir monks: lay brothers did most of the manual labor and estate administration, and, as a result, they performed a shortened liturgy and often resided in granges some distance from the monastery. Goswin’s knowledge of Arnulf derived primarily from information provided by another monk ofVillers, but he nonetheless adopted a narrative stance that implied an intimacy with his subject.1 According to Goswin, Arnulf took advantage of the materials around him­ including bushes with thorns or prickly leaves, metal implements, horse hair, and hedgehog pelts supplied by the monastery’s shepherds-to fashion instruments of self.torture with which he scourged his body.
Crafting “Nearly Self-enforcing” Agreements
Authors: Susskind Lawrence E , Cruikshank Jeffrey L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Getting to a plan, and reaching tentative agreement on that plan, is most of the way toward successful consensus building. In many cases, though, it’s not all the way. The consensus-building group still has to worry about challenges during the implementation phase of the process. Briefly stated, the group has to anticipate potential obstacles to implementation, and build into their agreement ways for responding to those obstacles. Otherwise, the agreement may be too brittle to hold up under pressure. Put more positively, the group has to make sure that their agreement is robust, so that when the inevitable pressures come to bear, the agreement is up to the challenge. We use the phrase “nearly selfenforcing” to describe such an agreement. In other words, the package should be structured in such a way that all the constituent groups would rather see it succeed than fail. They don’t need some superior authority rapping their knuckles to make them keep their promises. They are all pulling in the same direction, because they know that’s where their own best interests lie. And since no one can predict the future with any certainty, each agreement has to provide ways for people to get back together and fix the agreement if and when the unexpected happens.
Quantum Monte Carlo
Authors: Anderson James B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Monte Carlo methods are a class of computational algorithms for simulating the behavior of a wide range of various physical and mathematical systems (with many variables). Their utility has increased with general availability of fast computers, and new applications are continually forthcoming. The basic concepts of Monte Carlo are both simple and straightforward and rooted in statistics and probability theory, their defining characteristic being that the methodology relies on random or pseudo-random sequences of numbers. It is a technique of numerical analysis based on the approximate solution of a problem using repeated sampling experiments and observing the proportion of times a given property is satisfied. The term Monte Carlo was first used to describe calculational methods based on chance in the 1940s, but the methods themselves preceded the term by as much as a century. Quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) first appeared in 1982 and similarly was preceded by development of the related calculational methodology. The success of QMC methods over the past few decades has been remarkable, and this book will clearly demonstrate that success in its discussion of applications. For isolated molecules, the basic material of chemistry, QMC methods have produced exact solutions of the Schroedinger equation for very small systems and the most accurate solutions available for very large systems. The range of applications is impressive: folding of protein molecules, interactions in liquids, structure modeling in crystals and enzymes, quantum dots, designing heat shields and aerodynamic forms, architecture, design, business and economics, and even cinema and video games (3D modeling). This book takes a similar approach to Henry Schaefers classic book Quantum Chemistry (OUP, 1984 now a Dover edition), collecting summaries of some of the most important papers in the quantum Monte Carlo literature, tying everything together with analysis and discussion of applications. Quantum Monte Carlo is a reference book for quantum Monte Carlo applications, belonging near the desk of every quantum chemist, physicist, and a wide range of scientists and engineers across many disciplines, destined to become a classic.
102
Authors: Tuzun R E , Noid D W , Sumpter B G 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The problem described in this paper is the calculation of the ground-state energy for a 100-atom model polyethylene chain. The chain is represented by 100 mass points, connected in a series and interacting sequentially according to bond stretch terms, one-angle bond terms, and two-angle torsion terms. The lowest-energy configuration is a planar zigzag arrangement. The authors had earlier devised an internal coordinate system to facilitate classical dynamics simulations of such chains, and they used these again to great advantage in diffusion QMC calculations for this problem. In preliminary investigations, it was found that importance sampling was essential. The trial function was expressed as a product of Gaussian terms in each of the internal coordinates. with these the required first and second derivatives, as well as the drift terms, were reduced to very simple, very compact expressions. A series of calculations at different time-step sizes was extrapolated to obtain the ground-state energy. The value of 211 kcal/mol obtained in this way was about 7% below that obtained in a normal coordinate analysis. The application of diffusion QMC to the efficient solution of a long-standing problem is nicely demonstrated in this work.
Nodal hypersurfaces and Anderson’s random-walk simulation of the Schrödinger equation
Authors: Klein D J , Pickett H M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Klein and Pickett provided a discussion of the problem of determining the nodes for a fixed-node QMC calculation proposed earlier by Andersona They suggested using the nodes of a Hartree-Fock wavefunction and noted that a Jastrow wavefunctionb consisting of a Hartree-Fock function multiplied by a permutationally symmetric and positive function to correct for electron correlation could be quite accurate. Only later was it realized that the node structures given by Hartree-Fock wavefunctions were surprisingly simple even for large many-electron systems. Combinations of determinantal functions with Jastrow functions were found especially useful as trial functions for importance sampling in diffusion and Green’s function QMC calculations.
Monte Carlo study of core-valence separation schemes
Authors: Staroverov V N , Langfelder p. , Rothstein S M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The simplicity of variational QMC and the high accuracies obtained when used with explicitly correlated wavefunctions combine to provide a useful and convenient framework for exploring and testing ideas in quantum chemistry. In this paper, the authors report an investigation of the characteristics of core-valence separation schemes with the aim of providing understanding which might be useful especially for heavy elements. The studies were limited to first-row atomic systems, so that errors introduced by corevalence separation could be determined with sufficient accuracies. The bases for comparisons were all-electron VQMC calculations for Li to Ne and their positive ions using single-determinant/Jastrow wavefunctions. The several core-valence partitioning schemes were investigated with modifications of the original function to provide, after identification of two electrons as core electrons, varying degrees of separation as for ‘l/J = ‘l/Jcore’!/Jval with and without orthogonality and with and without explicit core-valence correlation.
Spin contamination in quantum Monte Carlo wave functions
Authors: Huang C J , Filippi C , Umrigar C J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Pauli exclusion principle requires that a complete spacespin wavefunction be antisymmetric to the exchange of electrons. This requirement can be met by single-determinant and multi determinant wavefunctions obtained in SCF and CI calculations, which may then be considered acceptable as trial functions for specifying nodal surfaces and for importance sampling in determining energies. If multiplied by a Jastrow correlation function symmetrical to exchange of electrons, the function remains acceptable. However, in QMC, the Jastrow functions most often used have different coefficients for pairs of electrons of the same and opposite spins. These are not symmetric to all exchanges, and in combination with the determinantal function they give a trial function which is not antisymmetric to exchange of electrons and is not an eigenfunction of the spin operator 82 The problem is discussed in detail in this paper. The spin contamination oS2 of a wavefunction may be readily determined by Metropolis integrations as in variational QMC. The calculations reported for Li and Be show the spin contamination to be very small for unsymmetrical Jastrow terms with the usual coefficients of ¼ and ½ for parallel and antiparallel electron pairs. For higher order terms in the Jastrow function, the contamination could be reduced further. \Vith use of symmetric Jastrow factors, the electron-electron cusp conditions are not properly satisfied, so that variance in local energies is higher and computed energies are less accurate, but other properties such as electron densities may be more accurate. An alternative is the use of more complex and computationally expensive functions satisfying both spin and cusp conditions.