bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi‐study examination of criminal‐legal professionals' use of risk assessments in pretrial decision‐making
Authors: Knes Anna S. , Lowder Evan M. , Thai Mindy L. , Reuter Sydney M. , Kent Autumn R. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIntroductionRisk assessments represent a contemporary solution to reform bail practices. Current research suggests such tools can promote nonfinancial release. However, fewer studies have examined why judges may not regularly adhere to pretrial risk assessments and how other pretrial practices may affect risk assessment‐guided decision‐making.AimThis study examined how long‐standing and newer pretrial practices—the presence of counsel at first appearance, continued reliance on traditional bail setting practices and the use of structured guidelines—informs pretrial release decision.MethodsWe conducted a national, cross‐sectional survey of 146 US criminal‐legal professionals representing defence attorneys (37.2%), pretrial services officers (26.4%), prosecutors (14.0%), judges (8.3%), and other roles (14.0%). The survey involved three randomized vignette scenarios and questions on respondents' background and perceptions of risk assessments. In each vignette, participants rated their probability of a release on recognizance, detention, bail and supervision decision. Analyses incorporated a combination of t‐tests, ANOVAs and multiple regressions.ResultsFindings indicated the absence of counsel at first appearance and presence of a traditional bail system led to a lower likelihood of releasing on recognizance, while the provision of structured guidelines did not alter participants' likelihood of releasing on recognizance, assigning bail or assigning significantly higher bail amounts. Participants' race, political affiliation and confidence in daily decision‐making were associated with certain release decisions.ConclusionOur findings suggest other pretrial practices limit the consideration of risk assessment information in decision‐making. To promote greater adherence to risk assessment tools, we recommend strategies to curtail discretionary use of bail when pretrial risk assessments are present.
Nursing as a Functional System of Society. A Systems Theoretical Perspective on Nursing and the Research Object of Nursing Science
Authors: Dietrich Christopher 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe transformation of societies' age structures has intensified the need for nursing care, especially in economically developed regions of the world. This will necessitate societal decisions that determine how care needs are met in the long term. This article offers a sociological perspective on nursing care using Luhmann's systems theory. To make the designation of a functional nursing system with independent observation plausible, social changes were traced based on historical events, semantics, and other social structures to develop the primary view of the nursing system. On this basis, a functional definition of the nursing system and its relationship to problems and problem‐solving is possible. This proposal is intended to clarify the fundamental questions of nursing science: What is nursing and what is behind it? Through abstraction, this article develops a unified representation of nursing's distinct way of observation to support the determination of a unique research object for nursing science as an academic discipline. In line with Brandenburg's statement that nursing science must follow the interests of others as long as it is not possible to conquer a terrain occupied by the discipline independently, the need to develop a genuine discipline remains. Only then, it is assumed, can nursing science significantly contribute to other functional systems and to societal decisions that will determine how care needs are addressed in the future.
Ability of CHA2DS2‐VASc/R2CHA2DS2‐VASc Scores to Predict Complications Related to Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices
Authors: Söner Serdar , Aktan Adem , Kılıç Raif , Güzel Hamdullah , Taştan Ercan , Okşul Metin , Cömert Adnan Duha , Coşkun Mehmet Sait , Söner Hülya Tosun , Özbek Mehmet , Demir Muhammed , Güzel Tuncay 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundGlobally, the number of cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) is increasing. In our study, we aimed to investigate whether CHA2DS2‐VASc and R2CHA2DS2‐VASc scores are predictive of CIED‐related complications.MethodsOur investigation was carried out with a multicenter retrospective design. Patients who underwent CIED surgery at two cardiac centers in Turkey between January 2011 and May 2023, 1676, were evaluated. The patients were divided into two groups according to their R2CHA2DS2‐VASc scores. Patients with R2CHA2DS2‐VASc ≥ 5 were included in group 1 (380 patients), and patients with R2CHA2DS2‐VASc < 5 (1296 patients) were included in group 2. The primary outcome was defined as the cumulative events. Each component of cumulative events, such as hematoma, pericardial effusion, pneumothorax, and infection, was also defined as a secondary outcome.ResultsThe study's patient population had an average age of 62.9 ± 14 years. Pneumothorax (1.8% vs. 1.3%, p = 0.444), pericardial effusion or tamponade (0.35% vs. 0.2%, p = 0.659), and clinically significant hematoma (1.1% vs. 0.6%, p = 0.376) were comparable between the groups. Infection‐related devices and cumulative events classified as primary outcomes were higher in the R2CHA2DS2‐VASc ≥ 5 group (6.1% vs. 1.2%, p < 0.001; 7.6% vs. 3.2%, p < 0.001, respectively). Modeling analyses showed that the CHA2DS2‐VASc score and HT were also independent predictors of device‐related infection and cumulative events.ConclusionIn the R2CHA2DS2‐VASc ≥ 5 groups, infection related to the device system and cumulative events were higher. Patients with an R2CHA2DS2‐VASc score of 5 or more and a high CHA2DS2‐VASc score should be evaluated more carefully regarding infection and cumulative events before and after the operation.
Do patients with fibromyalgia syndrome and healthy people differ in their opinions on placebo effects in routine medical care?
Authors: van Lennep Johan P. A. , Meijer Simone , Karacaoglu Merve , Rippe Ralph , Peerdeman Kaya J. , van Middendorp Henriët , Evers Andrea W. M. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractObjectivesPlacebo effects can relieve acute and chronic pain in both research and clinical treatments by learning mechanisms. However, the application of placebo‐based treatment strategies in routine medical care is questioned. The current study investigated the opinions of patients with fibromyalgia and healthy controls regarding learning of placebo effects and their practical applications.MethodAn online survey asked 158 age‐ and sex‐matched adult patients and controls (79 per group) to rate the perceived influence of various placebo learning mechanisms on pain relief, and the acceptability and perceived effectiveness of placebo‐based strategies (open‐label, closed‐label, dose‐extending, and treatment‐enhancing strategies). Respondents' knowledge about placebo effects was obtained through a 7‐item quiz.ResultsThe groups did not differ in the perceived influence of placebo learning mechanisms on pain relief (p = 0.217). Controls considered closed‐label and treatment‐enhancing strategies more acceptable than patients (p = 0.003 and p < 0.001), whereas controls perceived all strategies more effective. In both groups, closed‐label strategies were significantly less acceptable than any other strategy (p‐values < 0.001), and treatment‐enhancing or dose‐extending strategies were most acceptable. Higher acceptability was predicted by higher perceived effectiveness ratings (p < 0.001). Also, increased placebo knowledge was related to higher acceptability (p = 0.03) and perceived effectiveness (p < 0.001).DiscussionThis survey suggests that both the medical history of patients and knowledge about placebo effects affect the acceptability and perceived effectiveness of placebo‐based strategies. Furthermore, strategies that are transparent, assumed effective, or combined with existing medical treatments are deemed most acceptable. Keeping these factors in mind is essential for the clinical implementation of placebo‐based strategies in routine medical care.
Decisions Using Intra‐Operative Gross Assessment of Fontan‐Associated Liver Disease: Implications for Heart‐Only Transplantation
Authors: Torpoco Rivera Diana Milagros , Zhang Ke‐You , Ebel Noelle , Bensen Rachel , Martin Elisabeth , Ma Michael , Esquivel Carlos O. , Navaratnam Manchula , Hollander Seth A. , Rosenthal David N. , Chen Sharon 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionIntraoperative gross liver inspection at the time of transplant can be used in determination of which failing Fontan patients should undergo heart‐only transplantation (HT) versus combined heart–liver transplantation (CHLT). We describe the outcomes of Fontan patients listed for CHLT who underwent HT based on the gross pathology of the liver at time of transplant.Case ReportSix Fontan patients, ages 15 (IQR12,16) years, listed for CHLT received HT because of reassuring gross findings of the liver at the time of transplant. All patients survived to hospital discharge, after median hospital length of stay of 59 (IQR 42–77) days. Vasoplegia, prolonged need for milrinone because of diastolic dysfunction, acute kidney injury, and infection were common complications. Five patients had acute cellular rejection within 35 days of heart transplant. At a median of 17 (IQR 10, 19) months from HT, all continue to have abnormal findings by abdominal imaging, with development of new hepatic nodules in three patients.SummaryIntraoperative gross liver inspection at the time of transplant can enable successful HT in Fontan patients with liver disease. However, a prolonged recovery period should be anticipated, with serial post‐HT liver assessments and vigilant monitoring for rejection. The long‐term liver prognosis remains uncertain.
Spontaneous Transformation from Lung Adenocarcinoma to MYC‐amplified Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma
Authors: Yamakado Tetsuhiro , Sato‐Yazawa Hanako , Ishii Jun , Kashiwagi Korehito , Kimura Taichi , Tanei Zen‐ichi , Yazawa Takuya , Ishida Yusuke , Tanaka Shinya 
Published: January 2025

AbstractRecent studies suggest that lung adenocarcinoma cells are closely associated with the tumorigenesis of large‐cell neuroendocrine carcinoma via cellular transformation. However, morphological evidence, along with genetic abnormalities before, during, and after transformation, is quite limited. We present here a case of combined large‐cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and adenocarcinoma exhibiting acinar and solid patterns. Adenocarcinoma cells with abundant mucin, exhibiting positivity for both napsin‐A and neuroendocrine markers, were partially found in the acinar adenocarcinoma component and extensively observed in the solid adenocarcinoma component. Next‐generation sequencing using extracted genomic DNA from the three components revealed homozygous TP53 (missense) and STK11 (nonsense) mutations in all three components, suggesting monoclonal origin. Furthermore, MYC gene amplification, recently presumed to be a pivotal driver in neuroendocrine transformation, was observed in both the solid adenocarcinoma and large‐cell neuroendocrine carcinoma components. These genetic findings corresponded to pre‐ and post‐transformation morphology, providing compelling evidence that some kinds of adenocarcinomas may serve as a precursor of large‐cell neuroendocrine carcinoma.
Fungal endophytes modulate the negative effects induced by Persistent Organic Pollutants in the antarctic plant Colobanthus quitensis
Authors: Egas Claudia , Ballesteros Gabriel , Galbán‐Malagón Cristóbal , Luarte Thais , Guajardo‐Leiva Sergio , Castro‐Nallar Eduardo , Molina‐Montenegro Marco A. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAntarctica has one of the most sensitive ecosystems to the negative effects of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) on its biodiversity. This is because of the lower temperatures and the persistence of POPs that promote their accumulation or even biomagnification. However, the impact of POPs on vascular plants is unknown. Moreover, fungal symbionts could modulate the effects on host plants to cope with this stress factor. This study investigates the molecular and ecophysiological responses of the Sub‐Antarctic and Antarctic plant Colobanthus quitensis to POPs in different populations along a latitudinal gradient (53°‐ 67° S), emphasizing the role of endophytic fungi. The results show that exposure of POPs in C. quitensis generates oxidative stress and alters its ecophysiological performance. Nevertheless, C. quitensis in association with fungal endophytes and POPs exposure, shows lower lipid peroxidation, higher proline content and higher photosynthetic capacity, as well as higher biomass and survival percentage, compared to plants in the absence of fungal endophytes. On the other hand, the antarctic plant population (67°S) with endophytic fungi presents better stress modulating upon POPs exposure. Endophytic fungi would be more necessary for plant performance towards higher latitudes with extreme conditions, contributing significantly to their general functional adaptation. We develop a transcriptomics analyses n the C. quitensis‐fungal endophytes association from the Peninsula population. We observed that fungal endophytes promote tolerance to POPs stress through upregulated genes for the redox regulation based on ascorbate and scavenging mechanisms (peroxidases, MDAR, VTC4, CCS), transformation (monooxygenases) and conjugation of compounds or metabolites (glutathione transferases, glycosyltransferases, S‐transferases), and the storage or elimination of conjugates (ABC transporters, C and G family) that contribute to detoxification cell. This work highlights the contribution of endophytic fungi to plant resistance in situations of environmental stress, especially in extreme conditions such as in antarctica exposed to anthropogenic impact. The implications of these findings are relevant for the biosecurity of one of the last pristine bastions worldwide.
The Roles of Chemical Cues in the Life Cycle of Bivalves: Spawning, Settlement, and Metamorphosis
Authors: Rato Ana , Joaquim Sandra , Matias Domitília , Hubbard Peter C. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTSpawning, settlement, and metamorphosis represent the most challenging events for hatchery bivalve production. To enhance bivalve aquaculture, hatcheries have relied on a range of chemical compounds to induce these biological processes. Yet, despite the apparent importance of chemical cues, there is little knowledge on chemosensory systems and the role of chemical communication in bivalves. This review aims to compile the existing knowledge of the chemicals used in hatcheries to induce spawning and to improve settlement and metamorphosis in some economically important bivalves. A lack of recent studies regarding this topic has resulted in stagnation in the development of new approaches and products for use in aquaculture. This review explores the natural chemical cues and how they act in the natural environment, and the efforts made by hatcheries, through the use of synthetic inducers, to optimize bivalve production and overcome the challenges associated with spawning, settlement, and metamorphosis. Furthermore, it discusses the current knowledge on the chemical nature of spawning‐inducing pheromones. The synthesis of synthetic pheromones for spawning, settlement, and metamorphosis induction may improve bivalve aquaculture and efficiency. Nevertheless, more research is needed to fully understand the chemical communication and chemosensory systems of bivalves.
Antimicrobial activity of Lactobacillus casei on Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolates
Authors: Diniz Danielle Cavalcanti de Carvalho , Ribeiro Marcio Garcia , Dias Gabriele Silva , Viana Guilherme de Brito , Okamoto Adriano Sakari , Machado Luiz Henrique de Araújo 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundAntimicrobial resistance is increasing each year. For example, in 2019 it was directly responsible for an estimated >1 million deaths. Additionally, the development of new drugs is much slower, generating enormous concerns about responses to infection in the future health scenario. Therefore, probiotics have emerged as an alternative to antibiotics.ObjectivesThis study aimed to isolate and identify a Lactobacillus casei from healthy canine skin and investigate its antimicrobial effect on isolates of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius originating from dogs with pyoderma.Materials and MethodsL. casei was isolated from skin samples collected with a sterile cotton swab from the inner pinnae of healthy dogs. It was then cultured, identified using matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionisation time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry, and tested against 30 different clinical isolates and one American Type Culture Collection strain of S. pseudintermedius using the spot‐on‐the‐lawn technique. Its safety was assessed through a modified Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion susceptibility test.ResultsL. casei inhibited the growth of all isolates of S. pseudintermedius. The mean value of the inhibition halo of all isolates was 11.3 mm. A significant positive correlation (Pearson's linear correlation = 0.444; p = 0.014) was noted between the inhibitory halos formed by L. casei on the S. pseudintermedius isolates and the halos produced by the tested antimicrobial discs on the same isolates. The L. casei strain demonstrated sensitivity to all tested antimicrobials.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceThe study indicates that using commensal bacteria from canine skin, specifically L. casei, to control bacterial infections caused by S. pseudintermedius can be a promising complementary or alternative therapy to antibiotics relevant to animal and human health.
Effects of Bilateral and Unilateral Plyometric Training on Physical Performance in Male Postpubertal Basketball Players
Authors: Aztarain-Cardiel Kike , Garatachea Nuria , Pareja-Blanco Fernando 
Published: January 2025

Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of bilateral and unilateral plyometric-training (PT) programs on jumping, sprinting, and change-of-direction (COD) ability in male postpubertal basketball players. Methods: Forty-three young male basketball players (14.2 [1.2] y), from 4 squads belonging to an elite basketball club, were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups: (1) bilateral PT group (BG), (2) unilateral PT group (UG), and (3) control group (CG). The experimental groups followed a PT program twice weekly for 6 weeks, with BG and UG performing 2- and 1-legged jumps, respectively. Both groups completed the same number of vertical, horizontal, cyclic, and acyclic jumps. Pretraining and posttraining measurements included (1) countermovement jump (CMJ), (2) unilateral CMJ (CMJL and CMJR), (3) horizontal jump (HJ), (4) unilateral HJ (HJL and HJR), (5) straight-line sprint in 20 m (T20), and (6) V-Cut COD test (V-Cut). Results: CMJ, CMJL, and CMJR were significantly improved by BG and UG (P < .001), while CG did not change. Both the BG and the UG improved their performance significantly (P < .01) in HJL and HJR, but only BG significantly increased (P < .05) HJ and showed significantly greater improvements than CG. Furthermore, only BG improved V-Cut performance (P = .03). Neither group increased T20. CG did not improve in any tests. Conclusions: BG enhances single-leg and double-leg jump performance in vertical and horizontal directions, as well as COD ability. In contrast, an equivalent volume of unilateral PT only improves vertical jumps and unilateral HJs.
Effect of Aerobic Exercises on Lung Function in Women With Fibromyalgia: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Elgayar Saher Lotfy 
Published: January 2025

Background: Aerobic exercises (AEs) have gained much interest in managing fibromyalgia (FM). This trial aimed to find out how AEs affect women with FM in terms of lung function, chest expansion, dyspnea, exercise capacity, and quality of life. Methods: Eighty FM-diagnosed women were allocated randomly into 2 equal-sized groups. For 12 weeks, the AEs group did moderate-intensity aerobic cycling and diaphragmatic breathing exercises while the control group did just diaphragmatic breathing exercises. Outcome measures included forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in the first second, and total lung capacity for lung function; upper and lower chest expansions; Medical Research Council dyspnea scale for dyspnea; maximal oxygen consumption for exercise capacity; and physical component score and mental component score components of the 12-item Short Form Health Survey for quality of life. Results: By study completion, all outcomes improved significantly in the AEs and control groups (P < .05). Compared with the group of control, the AEs group revealed more substantial increases in forced vital capacity (9.51% vs 4.95%, P = .04), forced expiratory volume in the first second (8.72% vs 4.54%, P = .03), total lung capacity (11.02% vs 5.39%, P = .001), upper chest expansion (21.22% vs 10.03%, P = .02), lower chest expansion (31.35% vs 11.2%, P = .01), maximal oxygen consumption (55.89% vs 36.94%, P = .03), physical component score (18.8% vs 10.9%, P = .001), and mental component score (25.67% vs 15.26%, P = .02) accompanied with greater declines in Medical Research Council dyspnea scale scores (37.71% vs 19.45%, P = .03). Conclusions: In FM women, moderate AEs could improve lung function, chest expansion, dyspnea, exercise capacity, and quality of life.