bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
APPLYING EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICES TO INTERGENERATIONAL TECHNOLOGY-SUPPORTED LEARNING OPTIMIZES MUTUAL BENEFIT
Authors: Jarrott Shannon 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Numerous intergenerational programs support varied goals using technology. Technological competence may be the desired outcome or the means for achieving outcomes in such programs. For example, Cyber Seniors operates in many settings with digital mentors providing technology training to more than 11,000 older adults. This and other technology-supported intergenerational programs have been delivered in-person and remotely with considerable success. Now that researchers have demonstrated feasibility and acceptability of intergenerational technology-supported learning, they may want to address the potential for such programs to be one sided. In the typical scenario, the youth bestows their technological expertise upon the older learner, but the pair can mentor each other to achieve additional goals. Application of evidence-based intergenerational strategies can optimize mutual benefit of technology-supported learning programs. In this paper, specific practices are illustrated with international examples from diverse intergenerational programs that incorporate technology. The author’s and others’ research linking practice with outcomes reveals that humanistic practice strategies (e.g., supporting equal group status in the contact setting) ensure that youth and older adults build relationships as well as technical skills while they learn from each other.
ASSOCIATIONS OF RELATIVE INTENSITY OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY WITH INCIDENT CARDIOVASCULAR OUTCOMES AND MORTALITY
Authors: Schumacher Benjamin , LaMonte Michael , Di Chongzhi , Parada Jr. Humberto , Hooker Steven , Bellettiere John , Simonsick Eleanor , LaCroix Andrea 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
For an older individual, the energy expended (absolute intensity) during a specific activity (e.g., casual walk) may be closer to their maximal effort (higher relative effort) than for a younger individual. We compared the associations of relative and absolute intensity of physical activity (PA) with all-cause mortality and incident major cardiovascular disease (CVD). Accelerometer-measured PA in the Objective Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Health (OPACH) Study (mean age 78.5±6.7) was used to estimate daily hours of absolute light intensity PA (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA). Accelerometer-estimated metabolic equivalents (METs) in each 15-second epoch were divided by two maximal MET capacity estimates. These percent maximal effort metrics were categorized and aggregated into daily hours of relative LPA and MVPA. Cox proportional hazards models estimated the associations of a one-hour daily increase in absolute and relative PA with the two outcomes. On each PA measurement scale, an increase in either intensity category reduced the risk of both outcomes. A one-hour increase in absolute LPA reduced the risks of both outcomes by 12%, and a one-hour increase in absolute MPVA reduced the risk of death and CVD by 45% and 27%, respectively. On the relative scale, LPA was more strongly associated with both outcomes than MVPA. Increasing absolute MVPA was more strongly associated with the outcomes than increasing relative MVPA. The PA intensity paradigm should keep shifting towards recommendation of more movement, regardless of intensity, and placing greater emphasis on relative light intensity activities to reduce the risks of death and incident major CVD.
ENGAGEMENT OR ENJOYMENT? ATTITUDES OF OLDER ADULTS IN GROUP LUNCH VERSUS. LIFELONG LEARNING PROGRAMS
Authors: Hou Su-I 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Purpose
This study examines aging attitudes among older adults who participated in the neighborhood lunch (NLP) and lifelong learning (LLP) programs.

Methods
Older adults from an NLP and an LLP in the same county in Florida participated. An aging attitudes measurement originally developed by German researchers was used.

Results
A total of 193 older adults participated, 43% from NLP. The mean age was 73.2 (SD=7.78) years. Data showed that LLP older adults endorsed higher on “would like to have responsibilities,” “have a task,” “do unpaid volunteer work,” and “help others” (p&lt;.001). NLP participants, on the other hand, endorsed higher on “no longer have to contribute to society,” “want to enjoy life,” and “finally want to rest and relax” (all p&lt;.001). Exploratory factor analyses (EFAs) using principal component extraction methods and varimax rotation with Kaiser normalization showed a clear balanced 2-factor pattern, with total variance explained 60% (30% each). These two factors were consistent with the theory representing engagement versus enjoyment aging attitudes. Reliabilities of the two-factor scales were satisfactory, with Cronbach’s alpha of .764 (CITC ranged: .457 ~ .660) for the engagement scale (4-item) and.634 (CITC ranged: .379~.499) for the enjoyment scale (3-item).

Discussion
Current findings showed that LLP participants endorsed higher engagement, while NLP participants endorsed higher enjoyment towards aging. This tested aging attitudes scale consists of 7 items with two clear theory-consistent factors among community-dwelling older adults. Results can help researchers quickly assess aging attitudes of diverse groups of older adults for tailored program and service development.
A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW ON AGING IN THE COMMUNITY AND CULTURE AMONG CHINESE OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Chen Hao-Min , Hou Su-I 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Chinese older adults face many barriers to healthy aging in community, such as increased financial burden, threatened place security, limited accessibility to medical services, language and transportation difficulties, daily housework and repairs challenges, etc. This systematic review aimed to examine and report the results current scholars have published in journal articles in the last decade (2010-present) on the influence of culture on Chinese older adults aging in community. Combination terms of “aging in community or aging in place,” “Chinese,” and “culture or cultural or ethnicity or identity or values” were used when searching in the four databases: CINAHL Complete; ERIC; MEDLINE; and PsycInfo. Researcher examined abstracts of all journal articles retrieved using the above criteria and further determined their relevance for inclusion. A total of 38 journal articles were included. Findings suggest that aging in community reflects a changing policy tendency from institution-based to community-centered care which better responds to the needs of the growing Chinese senior population. Family care remains older adults’ preferences. However, individual, community, and larger contextual factors can be influenced, such as the number of adult children in the household, education level, residential area, accessibility to healthcare facilities, perceived cultural values of filial piety, state-owned enterprise reformation, and the one-child policy in China. Policymakers are encouraged to promote older adults’ personalized care plans; comprehensive health insurance coverage; constructive social/community environments (e.g. community parks or community open spaces for age-friendly activities); home care support, or smart home technologies for regular health monitoring.
COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL AND VIRTUAL REALITY TREATMENTS FOR INSOMNIA (CBTI AND IVR): OFF-LABEL IMPACT ON COGNITION
Authors: McCrae Christina , Stearns Melanie , Curtis Ashley 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Chronic insomnia (CI) is common in mid-to-late life and associated with hyperarousal and impaired cognition and mood. CBTi improves sleep and may also improve cognition, arousal and mood but evidence for these latter outcomes is limited. We examined these outcomes across 3 studies with different delivery platforms (telehealth, digital, VR), dosages (2 sessions, 4 sessions), and (primarily) mid-to-older CI populations (fibromyalgia, dementia caregivers). Study 1 compared 8-week CBTi vs sleep hygiene in women with fibromyalgia (n=43, Mage=44.45). Study 2 piloted 4-session web-based CBTi in caregivers (n=5, Mage=62.40). Study 3 piloted 4-session iVR (n=18, Mage=36.45). Participants completed 2-week daily diaries pre/post treatment (sleep onset latency-SOL; wake after sleep onset-WASO; total sleep time-TST) and Insomnia Severity Index-ISI. Other measures included: study 1(arousal/heart rate variability-RMSDNN), studies 1 and 3(Wisconsin Card Sort Test-WCST, Stroop), study 2(Cognitive Failures Questionnaire-CFQ, Beck Depression Inventory-BDI-II, Perceived Stress Scale). Group x time interactions (study 1) and within-group pre/post differences were examined. CBTi improved sleep across studies (ps&lt;.05). Study 1 found and study 3 trended toward improved cognitive flexibility (WCST %perseverative errors-t(14)=2.65, p=.019 and t(10)=1.76, p=.055, respectively). Study 1 found improved attention and processing speed [Stroop reaction time(RT)-congruent trials-t(14)=2.59, p=.023], inhibition (Stroop RT-incongruent trials-t(14)=2.43, p=.031), and arousal [increased RMSDNN; F(1,41)=4.87, p=.03]. Study 2 found improved subjective cognition-CFQ (t(4)=2.44, p=.04), arousal-RMSDNN (t(4)=2.09, p=.05), and depression-BDI-II (t(4)=2.89, p=.02). CBTi improved sleep, cognition, arousal and mood in mid-to-older CI populations. Research using randomization, active controls, and follow-ups is needed to delineate temporality and explore sleep’s mechanistic contribution to cognition and other “off-label” outcomes.
AGEISM IS NOT A CATCH-ALL: THE INTERRELATEDNESS OF AGEISM AND ABLEISM
Authors: Gendron Tracey , Alyssa Camp , Gigi Amateau , Mia Mullen , Kristen Jacobs , Inker Jenny , Marrs Sarah 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Ageism represents discrimination based on age, while ableism represents discrimination toward people with disabilities. Given the natural occurrence of physical decline accompanying aging, it is essential to explore how prejudice toward disability intersects with fear about aging. 913 individuals responded to a survey on ageism and ableism. Multiple regression with internalized ageism as the criterion variable was significant F(7, 705) = 81.71, p &lt;.001. Overall, the regression model explained 44.8% of the variance in internalized ageism with significance for age (t(705) = -5.45, p &lt; .001), relational ageism (t(705) = 11.72, p &lt; .001), affinity for older people (t(705) = -2.77, p = .006), ableism for physical disability (t(705) = 6.88, p &lt; .001), and ableism for cognitive disability (t(705) = -2.86, p = .004), Multiple regression with relational ageism as the criterion variable was significant F(7, 705) = 88.12, p &lt;.001. Overall, the regression model explained 46.7% of the variance in relational ageism with a significant for affinity for older people (t(705) = -3.80, p &lt; .001), internalized ageism (t(705) = 11.72, p &lt; .001), relational ableism (t(705) = 6.73, p &lt; .001), ableism for cognitive disability (t(705) = 2.15, p = .007), and ableism for sensory disability (t(705) = -2.78, p = .006). Examining the intersection between ageism and ableism represents the next critical juncture to increasing our understanding of developing effective anti-ageism interventions that address the root anxieties influencing attitudes about aging.
PATTERNS OF FAMILY CAREGIVING FOR OLDER ADULTS: THE ROLES OF PRIMARY AND SECONDARY CAREGIVERS
Authors: Malhotra Rahul , Lim-Soh Jeremy , Sung Pildoo , Quach Ha-Linh 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Family members are often front-line carers for older adults. With research studies focusing largely on the primary family caregiver, less is known about how caregiving responsibilities are shared between family members. Using latent class regression, we described the prevalence of distinct patterns of family caregiving for older adults, in terms of who (division of assistance between the primary caregiver and secondary caregivers) provides what assistance (three types: with (a) activities of daily living; (b) health and social services; and (c) other socio-emotional needs), and their correlates. Primary family caregivers of 277 older adults (75 years and older) with functional limitations in Singapore, were interviewed in 2019-2020. Three patterns of family caregiving were identified. The ‘Shared-Diverse’ (43%) pattern typically involved multiple family caregivers providing all three types of assistance. The ‘Shared-Informal’ (27%) pattern also typically involved multiple family caregivers but no provision of assistance with health and social services; such care-recipients were more likely to be female (versus the Shared-Diverse pattern). The ‘Solo-Diverse’ (30%) pattern typically involved the primary family caregiver solely providing all three types of assistance; such caregivers were less likely to be working. Primary family caregivers in the Solo-Diverse pattern, versus the Shared-Diverse pattern, had higher depressive symptoms. The predominance of caregiving patterns involving multiple family members highlights the need for expanding family caregiving research, policies, and programs beyond primary family caregivers. The findings also underscore the importance of solo family caregivers, whose employment ability and mental health may be affected by their caregiving duties.
A CONVERGENT PARALLEL MIXED METHODS ANALYSIS OF SUCCESSFUL AGING IN CHINESE AMERICANS: DOES ACCULTURATION MATTER?
Authors: Khan Mushira , Kang Ezer , Li Chien-Ching 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Chinese Americans comprise the largest Asian origin group aged 65 years and older (26%), yet little is known about how aging, particularly in the context of acculturation, is experienced within this group. Further, although immigration scholarship underscores a robust, positive relationship between successful aging and acculturation, how major lifecourse events shape perceptions of aging well in Chinese Americans is not well-understood. Using an intersectional lifecourse perspective, this convergent parallel mixed methods study presents integrated findings from a cross-sectional survey (N=98; 58.2% female; mean age=64.4 years) and qualitative interviews (N=32; 53% female; mean age=59.4 years) with community-dwelling Chinese Americans 50+, about 80% of whom were foreign-born. Survey measures included the Short Acculturation Scale, the Successful Aging Scale, self-reported health, and demographic variables. Quantitative data were analyzed using multiple regression analysis. No significant association was found between acculturation and successful aging, even after controlling for length of stay and sociodemographic variables. Thematic analysis of qualitative data revealed feelings of ambivalence and alienation. Several participants shared that despite having lived in the US for decades, they felt like they “no longer belonged”, feared for their safety, and felt a “sense of betrayal” after the recent increase in Anti-Asian hate crimes. Many were planning to return to their home country, where they believed it would be easier to age successfully. These findings suggest that important turning points in the lifecourse trajectory, such as experiences of racism, can negatively influence perceptions of aging in Chinese Americans, regardless of degree of acculturation and length of stay.
ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE AND RELATED DEMENTIAS DIAGNOSES IN THE US BY RACE, ETHNICITY, AND NATIVITY
Authors: Kindratt Tiffany , Zahodne Laura , Ajrouch Kristine , Dallo Florence 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Timely clinical diagnosis of ADRD is important for intervention, resource allocation, and mitigating safety concerns. While studies have examined ADRD diagnoses disparities by race/ethnicity, few include its intersection with nativity. Our aims were to: 1) estimate the odds of diagnosed ADRD among US- and foreign-born racial/ethnic groups compared to US-born White older adults and 2) compare US- and foreign-born older adults within each racial/ethnic group. We linked 2000-2017 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) and 2001-2018 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) data (65+ years; n=38,033). Race/ethnicity and nativity were measured using NHIS data. Diagnosed ADRD was determined using ICD-9 (290/294/331/797) or ICD-10 (F01/F03/G30/G31) billing codes created from self-reported ADRD diagnoses during MEPS household interviews. Covariates were measured using MEPS data. US-born Black (OR=1.74; 95%CI=1.48-2.05), Hispanic (OR=1.62; 95%CI=1.14-2.29) and foreign-born Hispanic (OR=1.63; 95%CI=1.24-2.15) older adults had higher odds of diagnosed ADRD compared to US-born White older adults after adjusting for age and sex. Results were no longer significant among either Hispanic group after adjusting for education, health insurance, and access to care. However, after adjusting for education, health insurance, access to care, and chronic conditions, US-born Black older adults, but not foreign-born Black older adults, had 1.54 times greater odds (95%CI=1.27-1.87) of diagnosed ADRD compared to US-born White older adults. There were no statistically significant differences in ADRD diagnosis by nativity within each racial/ethnic minoritized group. Findings highlight the need for including nativity in studies comparing racial/ethnic groups to Whites to fully capture the burden of ADRD among US-born Black older adults.
ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE AND OPPORTUNITY FOR POLICY CHANGE
Authors: Brekke Bailee , Mu Christina , Thompson Alisha , D’Antonio Patricia 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Amidst the introduction of breakthroughs to slow the progression of Alzheimer’s Disease, hesitation remains among people living with dementia and their care partners. Currently, over 7 million Americans are impacted by Alzheimer’s Disease and another 11 million Americans provide unpaid care for someone living with the disease. Despite the immense efforts made to develop treatments for those diagnosed, barriers in accessibility remain. As a GSA policy intern, I attended multiple coalition meetings centered around advocating for equitable access to new treatment options. I also analyzed legislation aimed at improving early detection, delaying disease progression, and improving access to treatments for people with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD). While following the work of agencies including, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS), I found that noteworthy progress has been made in terms of coverage expansion, but GSA and other organizations will need to continue to advocate for those older adults who have been left out of the equation. It is important to recognize the considerable progress that has been made and the immense efforts in support of people affected by this disease and their care partners; however, it is evident that Alzheimer’s Disease must remain at the forefront of bipartisan policy initiatives to ensure that legislation is passed, and these barriers are alleviated.
ETHNIC DIFFERENCES IN HEALTHY LIFE EXPECTANCY IN CHILE
Authors: Sandoval Moises , Portaccio Marcela Alvear , Albala Cecilia 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Socioeconomic and sex differences in life expectancy (total and healthy) in Chile have been well established. However, the existence of ethnic differences in population longevity is unknown. Thus, we estimate total, healthy, and unhealthy life expectancy among Mapuche (largest indigenous group) and non-Mapuche older adults (≥60 years) in Chile. We estimated abbreviated mortality tables (using indirect demographic methods) and with the EDES health prevalence we applied Sullivan’s method. Disability was defined as the unhealthy state, evaluated through the methodology suggested by Albala et al. (2004). Results show that at age 60 the Mapuche have a life expectancy 7 years lower (26.4 vs. 18.9 years respectively). Although differences diminish with age, Mapuches always have lower total life expectancy. In addition, we detected that the proportion of disability-free life years is higher for non-Mapuche (1.5, 2.0 and 3.7 times higher at 60, 75 and 90 years respectively). In contrast, Mapuches expect to live a higher fraction of their life with disability compared to non-Mapuche (e.g., 84.1% vs. 62.9% at age 80). This is the first study addressing inequities in healthy life expectancy between the Mapuche ethnic group and non Mapuche population, reflected in lower life expectancy, lower healthy life expectancy and higher disabled life expectancy in Mapuche when compared with no Mapuche population.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CHRONO-NUTRITION BEHAVIORS AND MUSCLE HEALTH IN OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Farsijani Samaneh , Mao Ziling , Cawthon Peggy , Kritchevsky Stephen , Glynn Nancy , Toledo Frederico , Newman Anne 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Chrono-nutrition affects body composition via circadian clock entrainment, yet its impact on muscle health is overlooked. Here, we determined cross-sectional associations between chrono-nutrition behaviors, muscle mass (in kilogram by D3-creatine), and leg power (in Watts by Keiser) in 828 older adults (76 ± 5 years) in SOMMA. We extracted first and last intake time from 24-hr food recalls, and defined eating window as the time between first and last food/beverage intake. Chrono-nutrition’s relationships with muscle mass and power were assessed by linear regression models, adjusting for age, sex, race, energy intake, weight, height, physical activity, education, health status, study site, and marital status. Average eating window was 11 ± 2 h/d; first and last intake time were at 8:00 ± 1:00 and 19:00 ± 1:00, respectively. Eating window and last intake time were associated with muscle mass (b ± SE: 0.20 ± 0.09; 0.30 ± 0.11, respectively, P &lt; 0.05). Longer eating window was associated with higher leg power (4.23 ± 2.14; P = 0.049). Our study found that longer eating duration is associated with higher muscle mass and power in older adults. This finding contradicts the reported benefits of intermittent fasting in promoting muscle health which has been mostly supported by non-human studies. Our findings highlight the importance of meal timing and circadian rhythms in promoting health in older adults. The impact of chrono-nutrition on health requires further investigation in different age groups and clinical settings.
FEASIBILITY OF A DIGITAL FALL PREVENTION EXERCISE PROGRAM FOR AT-RISK OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Bajdek Nicole , Latham Nancy , Dishaw Mary , Farrell Shannon , Williams Alisha , Hachen Naomi , Reid Kieran 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Falls have serious consequences and are a leading cause of disability, institutionalization, and mortality for older adults. While exercise programs with in-person supervision reduce the occurrence and risk of falls, there are accessibility and adherence barriers associated with older adults’ participation in such programs. Digitally delivered home-based exercise interventions utilizing wearable technology and mobile applications may be an alternative fall prevention strategy for many vulnerable older adults. We evaluated the feasibility of a progressive 12-week, digitally delivered fall prevention exercise program in 23 at-risk older adults who reported ≥ 2 falls or ≥ 1 injurious fall in the past year, or a fear of falling (mean age: 76.6±6 yrs; BMI: 28.9±9 kg/m2; baseline short physical performance battery (SPPB) score: 8.9±3; 73.9% females). The structured exercise program was delivered via a tablet device and consisted of moderate-intensity strength and balance training with an embedded educational component (3x/wk) and walking exercise. A study interventionist provided participants with regular motivational coaching telephone calls throughout the program. Overall program adherence rates were high (≥ 80%) with minimal safety concerns. Preliminary efficacy findings revealed trends for improvements in fear of falling, cognitive performance, gait speed and overall SPPB score. The present study shows that a digitally delivered, home-based exercise program is feasible for older adults with elevated fall risk. Additional studies are warranted to confirm the efficacy of this highly scalable fall prevention strategy which could have important benefits for large populations of at-risk older adults.