bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parallels between natural Oklo reaction zones and industrial reactors dynamics
Authors: Gall Benoît Jean-Paul 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The first man-made nuclear reactor was developed by Fermi and collaborators at the University of Chicago and reached criticality in December 1942. This was the confirmation that men were able to use sustained fission reactions in order to produce energy. Following this success, nuclear reactors studies gave rise to several families of reactors corresponding to different orientations and technical choices. They are linked mainly to the choice of fuel (natural uranium, enriched uranium, plutonium, thorium), coolant (water, carbon dioxide, helium, sodium, ...) and moderator for slow neutron reactors (graphite, light water, heavy water). Out of all these choices, the pressurized water reactor (PWR) family is the closest to the Oklo natural reactors. Many intriguing similarities are observed and discussed in the present article. Our present-day understanding of the PWR operating conditions has been a great help for understanding the Oklo reactors.
Some observations on perceptions of radiation risks in the context of nuclear power plant accidents
Authors: Laughlin James Mc 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As highlighted by public reactions to accidents at nuclear plants in the past, such as those that occurred in Chernobyl (1986) and Fukushima (2011), and from numerous opinion surveys, there are considerable differences or gaps between how the public and radiation experts perceive the risks from radiation. Even within the community of experts, radiation risk perception differences can be present. The reasons for differences in radiation risk perceptions between the public and experts are complex and involve sociological, ethical and behavioural aspects of society. This presents significant challenges to authorities in trying to improve radiation risk communications targeted at the public within the context of radiation emergency preparedness planning. Of particular importance is to make the communications more citizen-centred than heretofore by having meaningful two-way communications and dialogue with the public. It is emphasised that such strategies should take into account and address the significant mental health and socio-economic impacts of such accidents on affected populations. In particular, the mental health impacts are inadequately addressed by current international radiation protection recommendations reflecting their long established emphasis only on physical health effects. This approach is no longer acceptable or justified.
Calibration experiments for radon in drinking water measurements using portable-type electrostatic-collection radon monitors
Authors: Hosoda Masahiro , Omori Yasutaka , Hashimoto Hiroki , Matsumoto Maho , Yasuoka Yumi , Sanada Tetsuya , Oda Yuki , Kiso Mizuki , Sampei Aoi , Kranrod Chutima , Tazoe Hirofumi , Akata Naofumi , Taira Yasuyuki , Tamakuma Yuki , Yamada Ryohei , Kudo Hiromi , Shimizu Mayumi , Tokonami Shinji 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Portable-type electrostatic-collection radon monitors (RAD7) are often used for in-situ measurements of radon in water. In this study, we evaluated the calibration factors and their uncertainties for two RAD7 monitors based on comparative measurements with the liquid scintillation counting method. In the first experiment, we found that both RAD7 monitors had relatively large uncertainties due to leakage of radon gas that bubbled from the gaps between the lids of the desiccant container and the glass vial. Therefore, for the second experiment, these gaps were closed as much as possible using parafilm and clay, respectively. As a result, the relative uncertainties for both RAD7 monitors were significantly decreased. Furthermore, we collected spring water samples to confirm the reliability of radon concentrations. After closing the leakage point, the uncertainty of radon concentrations in spring water we measured using the typical protocol of the RAD7 were significantly lower, which improves the measurement.
True and spurious anomalies in ambient dose rate monitoring
Authors: Bossew Peter , Kuča Petr , Helebrant Jan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Ambient dose rate surveys reveal zones of an elevated dose rate. As the observation results from two physical processes—the ‘true’ process in nature that one wants to assess and the observation process that consists of measuring under certain conditions—an observed anomaly can have its cause in either process. Anomalous effects rooted in the observation process are called spurious. Distinction between true and spurious anomalies may not be straightforward in many cases. As an example, dose rate surveying using a specific instrument is discussed, whose analysis shows the presence of both types of anomalies. Examples of both types are shown. The physical cause of a true anomaly can often be identified by inspecting the environment or by more sophisticated investigation, e.g. by gamma spectrometry. Identification of spurious anomalies is more difficult and requires investigation of count time series.
Development of calculation tool for iodine 131 biodistribution depending on the aerosol particle distribution
Authors: Iwaoka Kazuki , Enriquez Eliza B , Tamakuma Yuki , Hosoda Masahiro , Tokonami Shinji , Feliciano Chitho P , Kanda Reiko 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Radiation damage to tissues depends on radiation exposure levels. Therefore, we have studied accurate estimations of radiation exposure levels so far. Recently, we developed a tool that can calculate the respiratory tract deposition of radionuclides based on polydisperse particle size distribution. As a next step, there is a need for a new calculation tool for the biodistribution of radionuclides because a fraction of the radionuclides deposited in the respiratory tract is absorbed into the body. In this study, a calculation tool for iodine 131 biodistribution depending on aerosol size distribution was developed. The developed tool in this study is used with the former tool.
Critical Role of miR-130b-5p in Cardiomyocyte Proliferation and Cardiac Repair in Mice After Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Feng Ke , Wu Yukang , Li Jianguo , Sun Qiaoyi , Ye Zihui , Li Xuan , Guo Xudong , Kang Jiuhong 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Poor proliferative capacity of adult cardiomyocytes is the primary cause of heart failure after myocardial infarction (MI), thus exploring the molecules and mechanisms that promote the proliferation of adult cardiomyocytes is crucially useful for cardiac repair after MI. Here, we found that miR-130b-5p was highly expressed in mouse embryonic and neonatal hearts and able to promote cardiomyocyte proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistic studies revealed that miR-130b-5p mainly promoted the cardiomyocyte proliferation through the MAPK-ERK signaling pathway, and the dual-specific phosphatase 6 (Dusp6), a negative regulator of the MAPK-ERK signaling, was the direct target of miR-130b-5p. Moreover, we found that overexpression of miR-130b-5p could promote the proliferation of cardiomyocytes and improve cardiac function in mice after MI. These studies thus revealed the critical role of miR-130b-5p and its targeted MAPK-ERK signaling in the cardiomyocyte proliferation of adult hearts and proved that miR-130b-5p could be a potential target for cardiac repair after MI.
POLR3G promotes EMT via PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in bladder cancer
Authors: Chen Hualin , Ma Lin , Yang Wenjie , Li Yingjie , Ji Zhigang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractRNA Polymerase III Subunit G (POLR3G) promotes tumorigenesis, metastasis, cancer stemness, and chemoresistance of breast cancer and lung cancer; however, its biological function in bladder cancer (BLCA) remains unclear. Through bioinformatic analyses, we found that POLR3G expression was significantly elevated in BLCA tumor tissues and was associated with decreased survival. Multivariate Cox analysis indicated that POLR3G could serve as an independent prognostic risk factor. Our functional investigations revealed that POLR3G deficiency resulted in reduced migration and invasion of BLCA cells both in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, the expressions of EMT‐related mesenchymal markers were also downregulated in POLR3G knockdown cells. Mechanistically, we showed that POLR3G could activate the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Inhibition of this pathway with LY294002 reduced the enhanced migration and invasion of BLCA cells induced by POLR3G overexpression, whereas the activation of this pathway using 740Y‐P restored the abilities that were inhibited by POLR3G knockdown. Taken together, our findings suggested that POLR3G is a prognostic predictor for BLCA and promotes EMT of BLCA through activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
CE: Suicide Prevention: Protecting the Future of Nurses
Authors: Hofstetter Tifphany , Mayer Noralynn L. 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
Nurse suicide is an alarming issue that remains largely underexplored and underaddressed. Moreover, rates of suicide among nurses, which are higher than those in the general population, may increase due to additional stressors caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. There is a decided lack of data regarding nurse suicide or the efficacy of evidence-based prevention programs. This article examines the state of nurse suicide and explores the latest statistics on nurse suicide rates; contributing factors to nurse suicide; and current suicide prevention programs, such as the Critical Incident Stress Management and Healer Education Assessment and Referral programs.
Clinical consequences of weight gain during treatment for HIV infection
Authors: Hill Andrew , Venter Willem Daniel Francois 
Published: November 2023

Purpose of review
The introduction of dolutegravir, an oral integrase inhibitor, within public health HIV programs has been a success, with excellent sustained viral load suppression, persistence, and safety. Initial concerns around integrase-inhibitors being implicated in safety concerns around immune reconstitution inflammatory syndromes (IRIS), neural tube defects, and weight gain, have been largely laid to rest, but new concerns about cardiovascular risk have arisen, including a link between hypertension and this antiretroviral class.

Recent findings
We review the pertinent studies here, and while we find both observational and randomized controlled study associations in some but not all studies, these are often confounded by associated weight gain and aging. In addition, definitions of hypertension, as well as measurement within the studies (such as cuff size), were not consistent within studies.

Summary
Careful analysis will be needed, as with the weight-gain signal, before assigning causation, especially as plausible physiological mechanisms for this rise in blood pressure are unclear.
Deep Learning Based Prediction of Myopia Control Effect in Children Treated With Overnight Orthokeratology
Authors: Cao Jingwen , Sun Xiaoming , Sun Lu , Song Hongxin , Niu Kai , He Zhiqiang 
Published: November 2023

Objectives:
To develop and validate a deep learning–based model for predicting 12-month axial length (AL) elongation using baseline factors and early corneal topographic changes in children treated with orthokeratology (Ortho-K) and to investigate the association between these factors and myopia control impact.

Methods:
A total of 115 patients with Ortho-K were enrolled. Influential baseline factors that have a statistically significant correlation with 12-month AL from medical records were selected using Pearson correlation coefficients. Simultaneously, the height, area, and volume of the defocus region were directly calculated from the corneal topography. Then, the prediction model was developed by combining multiple linear regression and deep neural network and evaluated in an independent group (83 patients for developing the algorithm and 32 patients for evaluation).

Results:
Age (r=−0.30, P<0.001), spherical equivalent refractive (SE; r=0.20, P=0.032), and sex (r=0.19, P=0.032) were significantly correlated with the AL elongation while pupil diameter, flat k, steep k, horizontal corneal diameter (white to white), anterior chamber depth, and cell density were not (P>0.1). The prediction model was developed using age, SE, and corneal topographic variation, and the validation of the model demonstrated its effectiveness in predicting AL elongation.

Conclusions:
The AL elongation was accurately predicted by the deep learning model, which effectively incorporated both baseline factors and corneal topographic variation.
Immunosuppression minimization is safe and associated with good long-term success in pediatric recipients of liver transplant
Authors: Chapin Catherine A. , Whitehead Bridget , Shakhin Victoria , Taylor Sarah A. , Kriegermeier Alyssa , Mohammad Saeed , Alonso Estella M. 
Published: November 2023

Immunosuppression reduction after liver transplant is an important strategy to mitigate long-term medication side effects. We describe our center’s experience with immunosuppression minimization to once-daily calcineurin inhibitor dosing. Success was defined as continuing daily calcineurin inhibitor monotherapy with normal transaminases and no rejection. We performed a retrospective review of eligible children who received a liver transplant between 2009 and 2016, had a surveillance biopsy, and were on twice-daily calcineurin inhibitor monotherapy. Twenty-eight of 51 eligible patients were minimized to daily calcineurin inhibitor with goal 12-hour trough detectable. Nineteen patients (68%) had 1-year success, and 17 (61%) had long-term success at a median follow-up of 5.0 years (interquartile range (IQR): 2.9–6.6). Minimization failure occurred at a median of 0.6 years (IQR: 0.3–1.0) after dose reduction. Patients with long-term success had lower aspartate aminotransferase levels prior to minimization compared to those who failed with a median of 28.0 IU/L (IQR: 20.5–32.0) versus 32.0 IU/L (IQR: 30.0–37.0), p = 0.047. The long-term success group demonstrated a trend toward greater recipients of liver transplant from living donors (53% vs. 18%, p = 0.07). At the time of the last follow-up at a median of 5.0 years (IQR: 2.9–6.1) after surveillance biopsy, most (73%) patients who failed had returned to twice-daily calcineurin inhibitor monotherapy, all had liver enzymes <2 times the upper limit of normal, and there were no patient deaths or graft losses. In conclusion, immunosuppression minimization is safe in pediatric recipients of liver transplant and should be considered to reduce long-term medication side effects and improve patient quality of life. Future studies are necessary to follow long-term outcomes and develop biomarkers to predict minimization success.
Predictive performance of 1H-NMR metabolomics derived biomarkers of bacterial vaginosis
Authors: Challa Apoorva , Sharma Uma , Tyagi Ritu , Kumar Pawan , Sood Seema , Kachhawa Garima , Jagannathan Naranamangalam R. , Gupta Somesh 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

1H-NMR metabolomics-derived biomarkers maltose, acetate, formate and lactate have excellent potential as predictive biomarkers for BV with an AUC of 0.97 (95%CI = 0.88-1.00), sensitivity of 0.90 and specificity of 0.95.
Is Postoperative Helmet Molding Therapy Necessary for Craniectomy for Sagittal Suture Synostosis?
Authors: Uno Kayoko , Sakamoto Yoshiaki , Miwa Tomoru 
Published: November 2023

Endoscopic strip craniectomy followed by postoperative remodeling helmet therapy for scaphocephaly is widely accepted, but the requirement of several helmets might burden patients or their families. This study examined whether craniectomy via a bicoronal approach without molding helmet therapy is worth considering. The authors retrospectively reviewed patients with nonsyndromic sagittal suture synostosis who underwent the modified Renier H technique between 2016 and 2021. We collected data on preoperative and postoperative cephalic index (CI), operative time, estimated blood loss, and blood transfusion rates. The authors also examined all related literature in English describing endoscopic craniectomy with postoperative helmet molding therapy for sagittal suture craniosynostosis. Among 17 patients, the average operative time was 92.2±15.6 minutes, the mean estimated blood loss was 35.8±22.4 mL, and a blood transfusion was needed for 9 patients (52.9%). The mean preoperative and postoperative CIs were 69.1±2.6 and 78.4±2.2, respectively. A comparison of the literature review with the authors’ results showed that their procedures required a slightly longer operative time and a higher frequency of blood transfusions. There are no significant differences in blood loss or preoperative and postoperative CIs reported in the literature. The open procedure required a higher operative time than endoscopic suturectomy. However, dealing with bleeding is more challenging with endoscopic suturectomy. The cost of the helmets and the duration patients have to wear them, which might be burdensome for the patients or their families when determining the optimal minimally invasive treatment, should also be considered.
Improving the reliability of fMRI-based predictions of intelligence via semi-blind machine learning
Authors: Lohmann Gabriele , Heczko Samuel , Mahler Lucas , Wang Qi , Steiglechner Julius , Kumar Vinod J. , Roost Michelle , Jost Jürgen , Scheffler Klaus 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPredicting neuromarkers for cognitive abilities using fMRI has been a major focus of research in the past few years. However, it has recently been reported that many thousands of participants are required to obtain reproducible results (Marek et al (2022)). This appears to be a major impediment to obtaining neuromarkers from fMRI because large sample sizes are typically not available in neuroimaging studies. Here we show that the out-of-sample prediction accuracy can be dramatically improved by supplementing fMRI with readily available non-imaging information so that reliable predictive modeling becomes feasible even for small sample sizes. Specifically, we introduce a novel machine learning method that predicts intelligence from resting-state fMRI data, leveraging educational level as supplementary information. We refer to our approach as “semi-blind machine learning (SML)” because it operates under the assumption that supplementary information, such as educational level, is available for subjects in both the training and test sets. This setup closely mirrors real-world scenarios, especially in clinical contexts, where patient background information typically exists and can be utilized to boost prediction accuracy. However, guarding against bias is crucial. Subjects should not be categorized as more intelligent simply based on their higher education levels. Therefore, our approach contains a component explicitly designed for bias control. We have applied our method to three different data collections and observed marked improvements in prediction accuracies across a wide range of sample sizes. We anticipate that semi-blind machine learning provides a promising approach to fMRI-based predictive modelling with the potential for a wide range of future applications.
Large-scale alternative polyadenylation (APA)-wide association studies to identify putative susceptibility genes in human common cancers
Authors: Guo Xingyi , Ping Jie , Yang Yaohua , Su Xinwan , Shu Xiao-ou , Wen Wanqing , Chen Zhishan , Zhang Yunjing , Tao Ran , Jia Guochong , He Jingni , Cai Qiuyin , Zhang Qingrun , Giles Graham G , Pearlman Rachel , Rennert Gad , Vodicka Pavel , Phipps Amanda , Gruber Stephen B , Casey Graham , Peters Ulrike , Long Jirong , Lin Weiqiang , Zheng Wei 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAlternative polyadenylation (APA) modulates mRNA processing in the 3’ untranslated regions (3’UTR), which affect mRNA stability and translation efficiency. Here, we build genetic models to predict APA levels in multiple tissues using sequencing data of 1,337 samples from the Genotype-Tissue Expression, and apply these models to assess associations between genetically predicted APA levels and cancer risk with data from large genome-wide association studies of six common cancers, including breast, ovary, prostate, colorectum, lung, and pancreas among European-ancestry populations. At a Bonferroni-correctedP□<□0.05, we identify 58 risk genes, including seven in newly identified loci. Using luciferase reporter assays, we demonstrate that risk alleles of 3’UTR variants, rs324015 (STAT6), rs2280503 (DIP2B), rs1128450 (FBXO38) and rs145220637 (LDAH), could significantly increase post-transcriptional activities of their target genes compared to reference alleles. Further gene knockdown experiments confirm their oncogenic roles. Our study provides additional insight into the genetic susceptibility of these common cancers.
In vivosilencing of regulatory elements using a single AAV-CRISPRi vector
Authors: Laurette P , Cao C , Ramanujam D , Schwaderer M , Lueneburg T , Kuss S , Weiss L , Dilshat R , Furlong EEM , Rezende F , Engelhardt S , Gilsbach R 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCRISPR-Cas9 based transcriptional repressors (CRISPRi) have emerged as specific and robust tools for functional epigenetic silencing of regulatory elements. Adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) are promising CRISPRi delivery vectors for cardiovascular research and therapy. However, compact vectors enabling codelivery of all CRISPRi components by a single AAV are needed for an enhanced and consistent performance.We engineered a 4.7kb all-in-one CRISPRi construct compatible with AAV-mediated delivery and produced cardiotropic AAVi 6 and 9 particles for invitroand invivoapplication, respectively.AAVi vectors targeting theNppapromoter (AAViNppa) reduced gene expression in cultivated cardiomyocytes (HL-1 cells) in a dose-dependent manner. The maximum effect was a >95% reduction as measured by qPCR and RNA-seq. This effect was orchestrated by loss of chromatin accessibility (ATAC-seq) and establishment of heterochromatin (H3K9me3 ChIP-seq) specifically at the target promoter region. We confirmed the broad applicability of AAVi to different cardiomyocyte cell culture systems by silencing several genes in primary neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes (NRVMs), human iPSC-derived cardioids and iPSC-CMs.To demonstrate the efficacy of AAVi invivowe injected 8-week-old C57Bl/6 WT mice with a single dose of AAViNppaand implanted osmotic minipumps releasing Phenylephrine (50 mg/kg/d) and Angiotensin II (0.45 mg/kg/d) to induceNppatranscription. AAViNppasilencedNppatranscription as revealed by qPCR and single nuclei RNA-seq even under stress conditions. On the epigenome layer AAViNppainduced closed chromatin at theNppapromoter site comparable to the invitroeffect. Here, we present an efficient AAV-based method for CRISPRi-mediated epigenetic silencing of gene expression in cardiac myocytesin vivoandin vitro. This functional epigenetic approach provides an efficient way to modulate gene expression in the heart and could become a standard method for cardiovascular disease modelling and translational research.