bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences in the uptake and nuclear localization of anti‐proliferative heparan sulfate between human lung fibroblasts and human lung carcinoma cells
Authors: Cheng Fang , Petersson Per , Arroyo‐Yanguas Yolanda , Westergren‐Thorsson Gunilla 
Published: August 2002

AbstractHeparan sulfate inhibits the proliferation of normal human lung fibroblasts (HFL‐1) but not of a human lung carcinoma cell‐line (A549). In this study we investigated possible mechanisms and structural requirements by which antiproliferative heparan sulfates exerts its effects on binding, uptake and subcellular localisation. Both HFL‐1 and A549 cells were incubated with 125I‐ or rhodamine‐labeled L‐iduronate–rich antiproliferative heparan sulfate species as well as L‐iduronate‐poor inactive ones. The antiproliferative heparan sulfate was bound to the cell surface on both HFL‐1 and A549 cells, but to a lesser extent and with less affinity to A549 cells. Both cell types bound the antiproliferative heparan sulfate with one high‐ and with one low affinity site. The L‐iduronate–poor heparan sulfate bound to a lesser extent and with less affinity to both cell types compared to the antiproliferative heparan sulfate. The antiproliferative heparan sulfate accumulated in the cytoplasm of HFL‐1 cells after 24 h incubation, but after 72 h it was found evenly distributed in the nucleus. The time‐scale for antiproliferative activity correlated with nuclear localization. In contrast, in A549 cells it was only found near the nuclear membrane. The inactive heparan sulfate was taken up in considerably smaller amounts compared to the antiproliferative heparan sulfate and could not be detected in the nucleus of either HFL‐1 or A549 cells. Our data suggest that the antiproliferative activity of L‐iduronate–rich heparan sulfate on normal fibroblasts may be due to direct effects on nuclear processes, such as gene transcription. J. Cell. Biochem. 83: 597–606, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cognitive–behavioral therapy with gay, lesbian, and bisexual clients
Authors: Safren Steven A. , Rogers Tracey 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCognitive–behavioral therapy (CBT) can be adapted to a wide range of clinical difficulties and presenting problems that face lesbians, gay men, and bisexual persons. The following article presents general guidelines for and two case examples of the use of CBT. The first case is a gay male struggling with social phobia. This case is an example of how to adapt a structured, empirically supported cognitive–behavioral treatment focusing on social phobia to situations that are associated with his sexual orientation. The second is a woman struggling with multiple issues including coming out. This case provides an example of how to add specific cognitive–behavioral techniques to coming‐out issues within the context of a more eclectic, longer‐term therapy. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Psychol/In Session 57: 629–643, 2001.
Inhibition of gap junction intercellular communication by extremely low‐frequency electromagnetic fields in osteoblast‐like models is dependent on cell differentiation
Authors: Yamaguchi Dean T. , Huang Jason , Ma Defang , Wang Paul K.C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractElectromagnetic fields have been used to augment the healing of fractures because of its ability to increase new bone formation. The mechanism of how electromagnetic fields can promote new bone formation is unknown, although the interaction of electromagnetic fields with components of the plasma membrane of cells has been hypothesized to occur in bone cells. Gap junctions occur among bone forming cells, the osteoblasts, and have been hypothesized to play a role in new bone formation. Thus it was investigated whether extremely low‐frequency (ELF) magnetic fields alter gap junction intercellular communication in the pre‐osteoblastic model, MC3T3‐E1, and the well‐differentiated osteoblastic model, ROS 17/2.8. ELF magnetic field exposure systems were designed to be used for an inverted microscope stage and for a tissue culture incubator. Using these systems, it was found that magnetic fields over a frequency range from 30 to 120 Hz and field intensities up to 12.5 G dose dependently decreased gap junction intercellular communication in MC3T3‐E1 cells during their proliferative phase of development. The total amount of connexin 43 protein and the distribution of connexin 43 gap junction protein between cytoplasmic and plasma membrane pools were unaltered by treatment with ELF magnetic fields. Cytosolic calcium ([Ca2+]i) which can inhibit gap junction communication, was not altered by magnetic field exposure. Identical exposure conditions did not affect gap junction communication in the ROS 17/2.8 cell line and when MC3T3‐E1 cells were more differentiated. Thus ELF magnetic fields may affect only less differentiated or pre‐osteoblasts and not fully differentiated osteoblasts. Consequently, electromagnetic fields may aid in the repair of bone by effects exerted only on osteoprogenitor or pre‐osteoblasts. J. Cell. Physiol. 190: 180–188, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Phosphorylation of pRb is required for HGF‐induced muscle cell proliferation and is p27kip1‐dependent
Authors: Leshem Yael , Halevy Orna 
Published: August 2002

AbstractHepatocyte growth factor (HGF) plays a crucial role in the differentiation of skeletal muscle cells, where a process in which the retinoblastoma protein (pRb) has been implicated. We addressed the role of pRb in HGF‐mediated effects on the proliferation and differentiation of adult skeletal muscle myoblasts. HGF shifted pRb to its hyperphosphorylation forms and increased the transactivation of E2F1, a transcription factor required for S phase entry. A constitutively active pRb mutant blocked HGF‐dependent pRb phosphorylation and transactivation of E2F1 and increased cell proliferation. Accordingly, this mutant reversed the inhibitory effects of HGF on the expression of the cyclin‐dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor p27 and myogenic differentiation markers. HGF‐mediated pRb phosphorylation was reversed by ectopic expression of p27, but neither the myogenic regulatory factor, MEF2, nor the myogenic inhibitory protein Twist had that effect. These results suggest that in response to HGF signaling, there is a decrease in p27 expression that results in an accumulation of hyperphosphorylated Rb protein, and subsequent progression of myoblasts into the G1 phase of the cell cycle. J. Cell. Physiol. 191: 173–182, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Carbonic anhydrase II is an AP‐1 target gene in osteoclasts
Authors: David J.‐P. , Rincon M. , Neff L. , Horne W.C. , Baron R. 
Published: August 2002

Abstractc‐Fos, a member of the AP‐1 family of transcription factors, is necessary for osteoclast differentiation but to date, none of the osteoclast‐phenotypic markers have been identified as AP‐1 target genes. Here, we demonstrate that carbonic anhydrase II (CA II), an enzyme necessary for osteoclast activity, is transcriptionally upregulated by c‐Fos/AP‐1. A functional AP‐1 binding site is present in the CA II promoter and is necessary for this regulation. Furthermore, we show that AP‐1 binding activity, mainly composed of Fra‐2 and JunD, is induced by treatment of bone marrow cultures with the osteoclastogenic hormone 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3. Fra‐2 and JunD are found in mature osteoclasts as well. Thus, our data demonstrate that cFos/AP‐1 can directly regulate the expression of this osteoclast marker and that AP‐1 activity is upregulated in osteoclast progenitors in response to osteoclastogenic signals. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role of transcription factor Ets‐1 in the apoptosis of human vascular endothelial cells
Authors: Teruyama Kazuhide , Abe Mayumi , Nakano Toru , Iwasaka‐Yagi Chika , Takahashi Shoki , Yamada Shogo , Sato Yasufumi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTranscription factor Ets‐1 is induced in endothelial cells (ECs) by angiogenic factors, and promotes angiogenesis by inducing angiogenesis‐related genes such as MMPs and integrin β3. Here, we examined the effect of Ets‐1 on apoptosis in ECs. Overexpression of Ets‐1 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) induced apoptosis under the serum‐deprived condition. VEGF inhibited apoptosis and augmented the DNA binding of Ets‐1 in HUVECs. The inhibition of transcriptional activity of endogenous Ets‐1 by a dominant negative molecule intensified the anti‐apoptotic effect of VEGF. Caspase inhibitors blocked apoptosis of HUVECs induced by Ets‐1. DNA array analysis showed that Ets‐1 up‐regulated pro‐apoptotic genes such as Bid, cytochrome p450, caspase‐4, p27, and p21 more than 2 fold, and down‐regualted anti‐apoptotic genes such as DAD‐1, AXL, Cox‐2, IAP‐2, and MDM‐2 less than 0.5 fold in HUVECs. These results indicate that Ets‐1 itself is pro‐apoptotic to ECs by modulating the expression of apoptosis‐related genes. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of a chemical synthesis‐based pharmaceutical wastewater on performance, acetoclastic methanogenic activity and microbial population in an upflow anaerobic filter
Authors: Ince B Kasapgil , Selcuk A , Ince O 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe performance of an upflow anaerobic filter (UAF) treating a chemical synthesis‐based pharmaceutical wastewater was evaluated under various operating conditions. During start‐up, the UAF was initially fed by glucose till an organic loading rate (OLR) of approximately 7.5 kg COD m−3 day−1 with a hydraulic retention time of 2.3 days. A soluble COD removal efficiency of 98% was achieved before the addition of the wastewater. Initially, the filter inertia was acclimatized to the wastewater by sequential feeding of 10% (w/v), 30% (w/v) and 70% (w/v) of the pre‐aerated wastewater mixed with glucose followed by a 100% (w/v) pre‐aerated wastewater. During the operation, the COD removal efficiency and methane yield decreased to 75% and 0.30 m3 CH4 kg−1 CODremoved respectively. As the UAF became accustomed to the pre‐aerated wastewater, raw wastewater was fed in increasing ratios of 20% (w/v), 60% (w/v) and 80% (w/v) with the pre‐aerated wastewater as the remaining part. During this stage of the operation, a COD removal efficiency in a range of 77–86% was achieved and the methane yield decreased to 0.24 m3 CH4 kg−1 CODremoved. Finally, 100% (w/v) raw wastewater was fed and a COD removal efficiency of 65% was achieved with a methane yield of 0.20 m3 CH4 kg−1 CODremoved. At the end of the operation, acetoclastic methanogenic activity was only measured in the bottom section of the UAF, this showed a 90% reduction in comparison with activity of inoculation sludge. Microscopic examinations revealed that rod‐shaped methanogens remained as the dominant species whereas Methanosarcina‐like species and filaments were present only in insignificant numbers along the UAF.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Power Doppler imaging and resistance index measurement in the evaluation of acute renal transplant rejection
Authors: Chow Lawrence , Sommer F. Graham , Huang Jing , Li King C.P. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPurposeThis study was designed to test the hypotheses that power Doppler imaging has a predictive value in the assessment of acute renal allograft rejection and that the information garnered from the combination of resistance index (RI) determination and power Doppler imaging has an even greater predictive value in this assessment.MethodsPower Doppler images obtained prior to 96 sequential renal allograft biopsies in 92 patients with suspected renal transplant rejection were retrospectively graded for parenchymal vascularity on a scale of 1 to 4: 1, normal, uniform cortical flow; 2, mild peripheral cortical hypoperfusion; 3, vascular pruning in cortex and medulla; and 4, no visible parenchymal flow, with flow seen only in central vessels. Power Doppler grades and RIs for these cases were compared to graft biopsy results.ResultsNo statistically significant association was observed between parenchymal vascularity as graded by power Doppler imaging, RI, and the presence of acute transplant rejection.ConclusionsNeither grading of vascularity on power Doppler images, RI measurement, nor the combination of these methods is an accurate means of detecting renal allograft rejection. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 29:483–490, 2001.
Even‐hole‐free graphs part I: Decomposition theorem
Authors: Conforti Michele , Cornuéjols Gérard , Kapoor Ajai , Vušković Kristina 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe prove a decomposition theorem for even‐hole‐free graphs. The decompositions used are 2‐joins and star, double‐star and triple‐star cutsets. This theorem is used in the second part of this paper to obtain a polytime recognition algorithm for even‐hole‐free graphs. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Graph Theory 39: 6–49, 2002
The morphological basis of hallucal orientation in extant birds
Authors: Middleton Kevin M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe perching foot of living birds is commonly characterized by a reversed or opposable digit I (hallux). Primitively, the hallux of nonavian theropod dinosaurs was unreversed and lay parallel to digits II–IV. Among basal birds, a unique digital innovation evolved in which the hallux opposes digits II–IV. This digital configuration is critical for grasping and perching. I studied skeletons of modern birds with a range of hallucal designs, from unreversed (anteromedially directed) to fully reversed (posteriorly directed). Two primary correlates of hallucal orientation were revealed. First, the fossa into which metatarsal I articulates is oriented slightly more posteriorly on the tarsometatarsus, rotating the digit as a unit. Second, metatarsal I exhibits a distinctive torsion of its distal shaft relative to its proximal articulation with the tarsometatarsus, reorienting the distal condyles and phalanges of digit I. Herein, I present a method that facilitates the re‐evaluation of hallucal orientation in fossil avians based on morphology alone. This method also avoids potential misinterpretations of hallucal orientation in fossil birds that could result from preserved appearance alone. J. Morphol. 250:51–60, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Morphology, histochemistry, and function of epaxial cervical musculature in the horse (Equus caballus)
Authors: Gellman K.S. , Bertram J.E.A. , Hermanson J.W. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe semispinalis capitis and splenius muscles of the horse were analyzed for gross morphology, microarchitecture, fiber length, and fiber type. Although these two muscles are similar in size and anatomical position, they are very different from one another in structural design and histochemistry, implying diverse functional roles in the animal's behavior. The histochemical staining profile was limited to two fiber types: slow oxidative and fast glycolytic. The splenius muscle has simple architecture, long fibers, and a 60/40 ratio of SO to FG cross‐sectional area. The semispinalis capitis has complex architecture with short‐fibered, concentric compartments dorsal to its central tendon and longer‐fibered compartments ventrally. The entire dorsal region has an increasing gradient of slow oxidative fiber percentage from caudal to cranial (58–71% SO). In contrast, the ventral region has a decreasing gradient of slow oxidative fibers from caudal to cranial (48–67% FG). These patterns can be interpreted within the context of the cervical musculature during locomotion and posture to indicate the functional advantages of this organization. J. Morphol. 251:182–194, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Estimation and visualization of regional and global pulmonary perfusion with 3D magnetic resonance angiography
Authors: Halliburton Sandra S. , Paschal Cynthia B. , Rothpletz John D. , Loyd James E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe purposes of this work were to estimate regional and global pulmonary perfusion and display pulmonary vasculature in 10 postoperative lung transplant patients using breath‐hold, contrast‐enhanced (0.2 mmol/kg, Gd DTPA‐BMA, Omniscan, Nycomed, Inc., Princeton, NJ), three‐dimensional (3D) magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) with specially designed double‐variable‐angle uniform signal excitation (VUSE) radio frequency (RF) pulses. Double‐VUSE scans imaged both lungs simultaneously during contrast agent injection and provided both qualitative and quantitative information about pulmonary perfusion. Double‐VUSE pulses clearly displayed healthy and diseased vessels. There was a strong correlation between contrast‐enhanced double‐VUSE MRA flow estimates and those measured from nuclear scans for global or whole lung (R2 = 0.95; P = 0.000002) and upper, central, and lower thirds of the lung (R2 = 0.89, 0.92, and 0.86, respectively; P < 0.001 for each region). In conclusion, 3D MRA using VUSE pulses in combination with a contrast agent is a valuable tool for the assessment of pulmonary perfusion that simultaneously acquires data for both the qualitative display of pulmonary vessels and the quantification of regional and global differential pulmonary blood flow. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2001;14:734–740. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In vivo quantitative proton MRSI study of brain development from childhood to adolescence
Authors: Horská Alena , Kaufmann Walter E. , Brant Larry J. , Naidu Sakkubai , Harris James C. , Barker Peter B. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPurposeTo quantify regional variations in metabolite levels in the developing brain using quantitative proton MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI).Materials and MethodsFifteen healthy subjects three to 19 years old were examined by in vivo multislice proton MRSI. Concentrations of N‐acetyl aspartate (NAA), total choline (Cho), total creatine (Cr), and peak area ratios were determined in selected frontal and parietal gray and white matter regions, basal ganglia, and thalamus.ResultsIn cortical gray matter regions, the ratio of NAA/Cho increased to a maximum at 10 years and decreased thereafter (P = 0.010). In contrast, in white matter, average ratios NAA/Cho increased linearly with age (P = 0.045). In individual brain regions, age‐related changes in NAA/Cho were found in the putamen (P = 0.044). No significant age‐related changes in NAA, Cho, Cr, or other metabolite ratios could be determined.ConclusionConsistent with recent studies using other structural and functional neuroimaging techniques, our data suggest that small but significant changes occur in regional cerebral metabolism during childhood and adolescence. Non‐linear age related changes of NAA/Cho in frontal and parietal areas, resembling previously reported age related changes in rates of glucose utilization and cortical volumes, may be associated with dendritic and synaptic development and regression. Linear age‐related changes of NAA/Cho in white matter are also in agreement with age‐related increases in white matter volumes, and may reflect progressive increases in axonal diameter and myelination. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2002;15:137–143. Published 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
0.5 M Gd chelate (Magnevist®) versus 1.0 M Gd chelate (Gadovist®): Dose‐independent effect on image quality of pelvic three‐dimensional MR‐angiography
Authors: Goyen Mathias , Lauenstein Thomas C. , Herborn Christoph U. , Debatin Jörg F. , Bosk Silke , Ruehm Stefan G. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTo compare the effect on image quality of a 1.0 M gadolinium (Gd) chelate to that of a conventional 0.5 M Gd chelate, five healthy volunteers and seven patients with angiographically documented aorto‐iliac disease underwent a mono‐station three‐dimensional magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) exam (Siemens SONATA®, Erlangen, Germany) twice, once using Gadovist® 1.0 and the other time using Magnevist® as the contrast agent. All subjects received a fixed volume of Gadovist® 1.0, corresponding to a dose between 0.1 and 0.15 mmol/kg body weight followed by a saline flush. For the Magnevist® exam, the contrast agent volumes and flow rates were doubled. For both quantitative and qualitative analysis of the angiographic data sets, the arterial tree was divided into nine segments. 1 M Gadovist® 1.0‐enhanced three‐dimensional MRA data sets were characterized by significantly higher signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) and contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR) values compared to 0.5 M Magnevist®‐enhanced images. The data revealed mean SNR/CNR increases exceeding 70% (P < 0.01). Although there was no statistically significant difference in the rating of image quality (P > 0.05), the Gadovist® 1.0 exam led to better delineation of the arterial morphology, especially of small vessels. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2001;14:602–607. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Electrospray tandem mass spectrometric study of alkyl 1‐methylpyridinium ether derivatives of alcohols
Authors: Quirke J. Martin E. , Van Berkel Gary J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe fragmentation of 15 alkyl 1‐methylpyridinium ether derivatives (D+) of primary and secondary alcohols, benzylic alcohols and phenyl‐substituted alcohols was investigated using energy‐resolved tandem mass spectrometry. Fragmentation pathways and mechanisms, including the influence of substituents, on the formation of the major product ions, which appear at m/z 110, [D − 109]+ and [D − 111]+, were postulated. Comparison of the abundances of these ions in the product ion spectra of isomeric alcohol derivatives, obtained at the same center‐of‐mass collision energy (2.0 eV), was found to provide the ability to differentiate among some isomers. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Suppression of proinflammatory cytokines and induction of IL‐10 in human monocytes after coxsackievirus B3 infection
Authors: Hofmann P. , Schmidtke M. , Stelzner A. , Gemsa D. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCoxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) causes acute and chronic myocarditis, which is accompanied by an intense mononuclear leukocyte infiltration. Because myocardial tissue damage may either result from viral infections or from a dysregulated immune response, the susceptibility of human monocytes and macrophages to CVB3 was examined in this study with regard to virus replication, virus persistence, and release of cytokines. Monocytes were infected by CVB3 as shown by the intracellular appearance of plus‐ and minus‐strand viral RNA, which was also capable of persisting for more than 10 days. Fresh monocytes were not permissive for full virus replication whereas monocyte‐derived macrophages yielded a low amount of new viruses, which led to cell death. Although CVB3 infection induced the mRNA for the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), interleukin (IL)‐1, and IL‐6, only little cytokine production occurred. When infected monocytes were stimulated in addition by lipopolysaccharides (LPS), cytokine production was partially suppressed. In striking contrast, IL‐10 expression was strongly and persistently induced by CVB3 on the mRNA and the protein level. These data show a dysregulated cytokine response in CVB3‐exposed human monocytes and macrophages, which is characterized by a suppression of proinflammatory cytokines and a dominance of IL‐10. This viral strategy may aid CVB3, causing chronic myocardiopathy. J. Med. Virol. 64:487–498, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.