bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology of Headache in the Thai Elderly: A Study in the Bangkae Home for the Aged
Authors: Srikiatkhachorn Anan 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISThe problem of headache in the elderly, especially in Thailand, has yet to be probed, fully. The prevalence, clinical characteristics and precipitating correlates of headache in this population may be different from other groups. The objective of this study was to examine the epidemiology of headache in a selected subgroup of the elderly, in order to create a foundation for further studies in the general population. The data were gathered by an interviewer‐administered questionnaire method. The study population consisted of 241 persons (male:female=1:5.7). The reported prevalence of headache over a 1‐year period was 54.8% (132/241 cases). The prevalence of migraine, episodic tension headache, chronic tension headache and unclassified headache were 2.9, 16.2, 2.1 and 33.6%, respectively. The reported prevalence tended to decline with increasing age. Physical disorders, including pain in the para‐cranial structures, chest pain and arthralgias, as well as depression, were all significantly associated with the occurrence of headache. The prevention and treatment of these aggravating factors should be considered as one strategy for management of this problem.
Treatment of Chronic Tension‐type Headache With Hypnotherapy: A Single‐blind Time Controlled Study
Authors: Melis Patricia M.L. , Rooimans Wilma , Spierings Egilius L.H. , Hoogduin Cornelis A.L. 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISWe investigated the effectiveness of a special hypnotherapy technique in the treatment of chronic tension‐type headache. A waitinglist control group was used to control for the changes in headache activity due to the passage of time. The results showed significant reductions in the number of headache days (p<0.05), the number of headache hours (p<0.05) and headache intensity (p<0.05). The improvement was confirmed by the subjective evaluation data gathered with the use of a questionnaire and by a significant reduction in anxiety scores (p< 0.01).
RADIOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FORELIMB DISTAL PHALANX AND MICROSCOPIC MORPHOLOGY OF THE LATERAL PALMAR PROCESS IN FOALS 3–32 WEEKS OLD
Authors: Kaneps Andris J. , Stover Susan M. , O'Brien Timothy R. , Pool Roy R. , Willits Neil H. 
Published: May 2005

Developmental morphology of the forelimb distal phalanges and lateral palmar processes of 9 Thoroughbred foals aged 3–32 weeks was assessed using radiography, microradiography and histology. For inclusion in the study, all distal phalanges had no pathologic radiographic abnormalities.Vascular channels that are characteristically found in the dorsal region of the distal phalanx were not evident radiographically in the palmar process. The proximal and distal angles of the palmar processes were separated by a lucent line continuous with the incisure in foals only through 12 weeks of age. The distal phalanges were triangular‐shaped in foals 3–12 weeks of age, and were oval‐shaped in older foals.The palmar aspect of the distal phalanx was the major contributor to growth of the distal phalanx in the sagittal plane, especially between 3 and 12 weeks of age. Growth of the lateral palmar process occurred through the means of endochondral ossification. The body and cortices of the lateral palmar process were composed of coarse cancellous bone. Porosity within the lateral palmar process was greater in regions sampled axial, compared to abaxial, to the parietal sulcus and did not change with age.A fracture was identified microradiographically and/or histologically in 9 of 18 (50%) and 10 of 17 (59%), respectively, of the lateral palmar processes examined. The fracture line was consistently associated with the parietal sulcus on the dorsal cortical surface and was always immediately abaxial to the deep digital flexor tendon attachment. No age‐related morphological changes of the lateral palmar processes were identified with microradiography or histological examinations.
BIPLANE TRANSESOPHAGEAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY IN THE DOG: TECHNIQUE, ANATOMY AND IMAGING PLANES
Authors: Loyer Carroll , Thomas William P. 
Published: May 2005

To determine the feasibility of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) in dogs, biplane TEE was performed in 6 normal, anesthetized dogs, using a 10 mm × 110 cm endoscopic TEE transducer. Positioning was confirmed by fluoroscopy, and imaging planes were confirmed by necropsy examination.A transgastric position provided only a limited view of the left ventricular apex. Three TEE positions over the base of the heart were identified. A caudal position provided excellent images in both transverse and longitudinal planes, but alignment with flow for Doppler examination was poor. A middle position provided long axis views of the left ventricular inflow region and mitral valve suitable for Doppler examination. A cranial position provided excellent views for both anatomic and Doppler examination of right and left ventricular outflow and associated great vessels.We conclude that biplane TEE provides unique views of the heart in dogs which are complementary to, and often superior to, transthoracic views for evaluation of structures at the heart base.
A REVIEW OF EQUINE RENAL IMAGING TECHNIQUES
Authors: Matthews Hilary K. , Toal Robert L. 
Published: May 2005

Radiography has a limited role in the evaluation of the kidneys in foals and adult horses. Ultrasonography is the current method of choice for structural evaluation of the kidneys in horses as it provides additional information to standard serum chemistry and urinalysis evaluation. A variety of structural abnormalities have been identified in diseased equine kidneys with the use of ultrasound. Ultrasound guided renal biopsy is the preferred method for performing renal biopsy in the horse. The use of Duplex Doppler ultrasound may allow for the characterization of regional hemodynamics of the equine kidneys, but is currently an untapped method for evaluation of equine renal hemodynamics.Radionuclide methods including scintigraphy and quantitative renal function measurement can be used to provide further information about equine renal function. Scintigraphy can provide structural and possibly functional information. Quantitative methods using radiopharmaceuticals can provide precise measurement of glomerular filtration rate and effective renal blood flow. This method is especially helpful in identifying acute renal failure and in guiding response to treatment.All equine renal imaging techniques should be a supplement to the physical examination and standard laboratory tests. Additional diagnostic aids such as urinary tract endoscopy should also be considered in horses with hematuria, hydroureter, and suspected calculi. Taken together, all these modalities provide a through evaluation of the equine renal system and provide a basis for the clinician to select treatment options and provide prognostic information to the owner.
RADIOGRAPHIC AND COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF THE CANINE INTERCONDYLAR FOSSA IN NORMAL STIFLES AND AFTER NOTCHPLASTY IN STABLE AND UNSTABLE STIFLES
Authors: Fitch Randall B. , Hathcock John T. , Montgomery Ronald D. 
Published: May 2005

The role of the intercondylar fossa in cranial cruciate ligament injury has gained notable attention in humans and it's role is now being questioned in animals. Controversy exists regarding the accuracy of radiographs and computed tomography (CT) in evaluating the intercondylar fossa. This study compared radiographic and CT evaluation with gross evaluation of the intercondylar fossa. Six greyhounds were evaluated before notchplasty, immediately after notchplasty and 6 months after notchplasty in stable and unstable stifles. A fossa width index was used for comparison because it negates the effects of patient size and radiographic magnification. The fossa width index is calculated by dividing the width of the intercondylar fossa by the total condylar width.The fossa width indices of dogs determined from radiographs and CT were not significantly different before notchplasty except for the cranial fossa width indices which were more inconsistent and tended to underestimate the size when compared to gross measurements. At six months, both stable and unstable stifles had refilling of the notchplasty, but the unstable stifles had significantly greater refilling resulting in no significant enlargement in intercondylar fossa size as compared to the prenotchplasty size. Osteophytes that occurred within the intercondylar fossa were less radiopaque and more easily visualized by computed tomography. Computed tomography provided several advantages, including clearer visualization of the intercondylar fossa, avoiding superimposition of the intercondylar fossa by caudal thigh muscles or tuber ischii and the ability to analyze the cranial and caudal components of the intercondylar fossa separately.
GASTRIC EMPTYING OF SOLID RADIOPAQUE MARKERS IN HEALTHY DOGS
Authors: Allan Frazer J. , Guilford W. Grant , Robertson Ian D. , Jones Boyd R. 
Published: May 2005

The gastric emptying of 1.5 mm diameter (small) and 5.0 mm diameter (large) radiopaque markers (BIPS) was assessed in 20 dogs. The markers were fed to the dogs in a test meal and abdominal radiographs were made hourly thereafter. Studies were repeated three times in each dog. The variation between two veterinarians interpreting the radiographs was low. The sex, age and day of the study did not have a significant effect on the lag phase or the time taken to empty 25%, 50% and 75% of the markers (T25, T50and T75respectively). There was a weak but significant positive correlation between the body weight and T50. There was no significant difference in gastric emptying parameters between the large and small markers.The mean gastric emptying versus time curve of the small markers on day one was chosen to represent the reference curve for healthy dogs. The lag phase of the small markers on day one was 2.45 ± 2.04 hours, the T25was 4.85 ± 2.15 hours, the T50was 6.05 ± 2.99 hours and the T75was 8.32 ± 2.72 hours (mean ± SD).
EFFECTS OF DIET AND AGING ON RENAL MEASUREMENTS IN UNINEPHRECTOMIZED GERIATRIC BITCHES
Authors: Churchill Julie A. , Feeney Daniel A. , Fletcher Thomas F. , Osborne Carl A. , Polzin David J. 
Published: May 2005

Under controlled, but varied dietary conditions among geriatric, uninephrectomized Beagle bitches (dogs) observed for 4 years, renal size increase as assessed radiographically and ultrasonographically occurred at variable rates, but on a seemingly continuous basis. The maximum observed mean renal linear parameter increase found was ∼15%. However, a 10 and 15% increase is a more representative expectation among the 4 parameters (sonographic length, radiographic length, sonographic width, radiographic width) under consideration. The rate of renal size increase was rapid during the first 2 to 3 months following uninephrectomy. Thereafter, the rate of increase was slow, but occurred to varying degrees in both the length and width as assessed radiographically or ultrasonographically. The mechanism creating the size change was hypertrophy, not hyperplasia. Within limits of the 3 diets used in the study, no significant diet effect was found on the rate or degree of long term compensatory hypertrophy. Radiographically and ultrasonographically measured renal length had the greatest correlation with each other as well as with post mortem measurements and are, therefore, the recommended parameter for imaging assessment of compensatory hypertrophy.When the prenephrectomy, radiographic renal lengths and widths were normalized as a ratio of the second lumbar vertebral body length (L2) measured from ventrodorsal radiographs, the diet group means across dogs (approximately three L2lengths for renal length; two L2lengths for renal width) were in the middle of the respective previously published normal radiographic ranges for mature dogs (e.g. 2.5 L2, ≤ length ≤ 3.5 L2; 1.58 L2, ≤ width ≤ 2.38 L2lengths). Even after the hypertrophic changes occurred, the radiographic group mean lengths and widths across dogs were still within the specified normal ranges, although toward the upper end of the respective range. This information provides background for clinical interpretation of potential compensatory hypertrophy that may be encountered following uninephrectomy for spontaneous disease in aged dogs. In addition, it appears that available radiographic renal linear ranges for normal mature dogs are applicable to geriatric dogs as well.
DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS OF DIVALENT SALTS
Authors: YANG HEIDI HAI‐LING , LAWLESS HARRY T. 
Published: May 2005

ABSTRACT Many divalent salts (e.g., calcium, iron, zinc), have important nutritional value and are used to fortify food or as dietary supplements. Sensory characterization of some divalent salts in aqueous solutions by untrained judges has been reported in the psychophysical literature, but formal sensory evaluation by trained panels is lacking. To provide this information, a trained descriptive panel evaluated the sensory characteristics of 10 divalent salts including ferrous sulfate, chloride and gluconate; calcium chloride, lactate and glycerophosphate; zinc sulfate and chloride; and magnesium sulfate and chloride. Among the compounds tested, iron compounds were highest in metallic taste; zinc compounds had higher astringency and a glutamate‐like sensation; and bitterness was pronounced for magnesium and calcium salts. Bitterness was affected by the anion in ferrous and calcium salts. Results from the trained panelists were largely consistent with the psychophysical literature using untrained judges, but provided a more comprehensive set of oral sensory attributes.
MEASUREMENT OF BITING VELOCITIES AT PREDETERMINED AND INDIVIDUAL CROSSHEAD SPEED INSTRUMENTAL IMITATIVE TESTS FOR PREDICTING SENSORY HARDNESS OF GELATIN GELS
Authors: FINNEY M. , MEULLENET J.F. 
Published: May 2005

ABSTRACT Jaw movements during the act of biting were measured for seven subjects trained in descriptive analysis using an electrognathograph. The effectiveness of instrumental imitative tests performed at predefined and individual crosshead speeds (matching velocities measured in vivo) to predict the perception of hardness in 14 gelatin gels was assessed. For all seven subjects, the perception of hardness was adequately described by imitative instrumental tests performed with dental replicas of individual subjects (0.88 < R < 0.97). For some of the subjects, tests performed at crosshead speeds matching biting speeds improved the instrumental prediction of hardness, suggesting that biting velocity is an important aspect of the perception of hardness in food.
IMPACT OF SERVING TEMPERATURE ON TRAINED PANEL PERCEPTION OF CHEDDAR CHEESE FLAVOR ATTRIBUTES
Authors: DRAKE M.A. , YATES M.D. , GERARD P.D. 
Published: May 2005

ABSTRACTThe impact of serving temperature on trained panel perception of Cheddar cheese flavor attributes was determined. Seven cheeses were selected to represent a range of age and flavor profiles. A descriptive sensory panel received 75 h training on 15 terms for cheese flavor attributes and basic tastes from a previously identified sensory lexicon for Cheddar cheese. Three serving temperatures were selected (5, 12, 21C). Cheeses were subsequently evaluated in quadruplicate by the panel at each serving temperature. Cheeses were differentiated on their flavor and taste attributes (P < 0.0001). Perception of sour taste intensity increased with serving temperature (P < 0.05). Other flavors and basic tastes did not exhibit a temperature effect or temperature by cheese interaction (P > 0.05). Panelists noted that cheese was more difficult to evaluate at 21C compared with 12 or 5C. Cheddar cheese serving temperature should not pose an issue for comparing descriptive sensory results from multiple locations.
NUTRITIONAL, PHYSICAL AND SENSORY CHARACTERISTICS OF VARIOUS CHOCOLATE‐FLAVORED PEANUT–SOY BEVERAGE FORMULATIONS
Authors: DESHPANDE R.P. , CHINNAN M.S. , McWATTERS K.H. 
Published: May 2005

ABSTRACT Mixture design and pilot‐plant scale processing protocol were developed to obtain the best chocolate‐flavored peanut–soy beverage formulation. Twenty‐eight formulations were evaluated for nutritional (lysine content), physical (viscosity [η], visual stability index [VSI]) and nine sensory (consumer liking) attributes. Lysine contents (mg/g protein) (44.1–57.1) were close to the reference (51.0) and in the desirable range observed for other peanut‐based beverages. Higher viscosity indicated lower consumer liking, but lower viscosity resulted in lower VSI. Formulation ♯8 having 43.9% peanut, 36.3% soy protein isolate (SPI) and 19.8% chocolate syrup had the highest consumer liking and the best balance of physical properties (η = 41.5 mPa·s; VSI = 0.99). As compared to commercial chocolate milk (6 = slightly like to 7 = moderately like), it was rated higher for appearance (7.0), color (6.8) and sweetness (6.4). Two SPI formulations (♯6 and ♯7) and a soy flour formulation (♯14) were rated highest for aroma (6.2), color (7.0) and flavor (6.0), respectively.
EFFECTS OF RESIDUAL TOOTHPASTE FLAVOR ON FLAVOR PROFILES OF COMMON FOODS AND BEVERAGES
Authors: ALLISON ANN‐MARIE A. , CHAMBERS DELORES H. 
Published: May 2005

ABSTRACT Because toothpaste and other menthol/surfactant‐containing products have residual effects, researchers should ensure that enough time has elapsed between use of toothpaste and evaluation of food products. In this study, orange juice, coffee, sausage and processed cheese were profiled under controlled conditions and at 4, 12, 30 and 60 min after panelists brushed with a strongly mentholated toothpaste. Residual effects of the toothpaste at 4 min reduced several aromatic attributes, but did not affect most fundamental taste or texture attributes. A mint aromatic was observed in some food products after toothpaste use, even after 12 min. Chemesthetic attributes were diminished when a product was presented within 12 min of brushing. Results suggested that the amount of time needed between brushing and tasting depended on the food product. Orange juice, an acidic beverage, required at least an hour's delay; fatty, solid foods could be tasted almost immediately after toothbrushing if provided a warm‐up sample first.
The exercise addiction inventory: a quick and easy screening tool for health practitioners: Table 1
Authors: Griffiths M D , Szabo A , Terry A 
Published: May 2005

Background:Exercise addiction is not routinely screened for probably because available instruments take a long time to administer, their scoring may be complicated, and their interpretation is not always obvious. A new psychometric instrument has been developed that is capable of identifying people affected by, or at risk of, exercise addiction: the exercise addiction inventory (EAI). A preliminary report showed the EAI had good reliability and validity.Objectives:To test further the EAI’s psychometric properties and show that it would be quick and simple to administer by general practitioners.Methods:A sample of 200 habitual exercisers were given the EAI and two existing exercise addiction scales (obligatory exercise questionnaire; exercise dependence scale). Two weeks later, another sample of 79 exercisers were administered the EAI to determine the test-retest reliability of the questionnaire.Results:The original data from the preliminary report were reanalysed to determine the split half correlation of the EAI. This was found to be 0.84 (Guttman split-half coefficient). A correlation between weekly frequency of exercising and EAI scores was also determined, and it was found that the two variables shared 29% of the variance (r2 =  0.29). The test-retest reliability of the scale was found to be very good (0.85).Conclusions:The EAI is a valid and reliable tool which would be capable of helping general practitioners to quickly and easily identify people affected by, or at risk of, exercise addiction.
Psychological predictors of injury among elite athletes
Authors: Galambos S A , Terry P C , Moyle G M , Locke S A 
Published: May 2005

Objectives:To establish injury rates among a population of elite athletes, to provide normative data for psychological variables hypothesised to be predictive of sport injuries, and to establish relations between measures of mood, perceived life stress, and injury characteristics as a precursor to introducing a psychological intervention to ameliorate the injury problem.Methods:As part of annual screening procedures, athletes at the Queensland Academy of Sport report medical and psychological status. Data from 845 screenings (433 female and 412 male athletes) were reviewed. Population specific tables of normative data were established for the Brunel mood scale and the perceived stress scale.Results:About 67% of athletes were injured each year, and about 18% were injured at the time of screening. Fifty percent of variance in stress scores could be predicted from mood scores, especially for vigour, depression, and tension. Mood and stress scores collectively had significant utility in predicting injury characteristics. Injury status (current, healed, no injury) was correctly classified with 39% accuracy, and back pain with 48% accuracy. Among a subset of 233 uninjured athletes (116 female and 117 male), five mood dimensions (anger, confusion, fatigue, tension, depression) were significantly related to orthopaedic incidents over the preceding 12 months, with each mood dimension explaining 6–7% of the variance. No sex differences in these relations were found.Conclusions:The findings support suggestions that psychological measures have utility in predicting athletic injury, although the relatively modest explained variance highlights the need to also include underlying physiological indicators of allostatic load, such as stress hormones, in predictive models.
The effect of sports specific training on reducing the incidence of hamstring injuries in professional Australian Rules football players
Authors: Verrall G M , Slavotinek J P , Barnes P G 
Published: May 2005

Objectives:To assess in a single team of Australian Rules football players the effect of a specific intervention program on the incidence and consequence of hamstring muscle strain injuries.Method:A prospective study was performed with a single team being followed for four playing seasons for hamstring injury. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to confirm the diagnosis of hamstring muscle injury. After two playing seasons an intervention program was implemented with the number of athletes with hamstring injury, competition days missed, and incidence of hamstring match injuries per 1000 h of playing time being compared pre- and post-intervention. The intervention program involved stretching whilst fatigued, sport specific training drills, and an emphasis on increasing the amount of high intensity anaerobic interval training.Results:In the seasons prior to the intervention, nine and 11 athletes sustained hamstring injury compared to two and four following intervention. Competition days missed reduced from 31 and 38 to 5 and 16 following intervention and match incidence decreased from 4.7 to 1.3 per 1000 h of playing time. A beneficial effect was demonstrated with a smaller number of players having hamstring injuries (p = 0.05), a lower number of competition games missed being recorded (p<0.001), and a decrease in hamstring strain incidence per 1000 h of playing time (p = 0.01) following the intervention program.Conclusions:Increasing the amount of anaerobic interval training, stretching whilst the muscle is fatigued, and implementing sport specific training drills resulted in a significant reduction in the number and consequences of hamstring muscle strain injuries.