bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advancing Legged Wall Climbing Robot Performance Through Dynamic Contact-Integrated Climbing Model
Authors: Fang Shengchang , Chen Guisong , Zhou Yitong , Wang Xiaojie 
Published: February 2024

AbstractClimbing robots have gained significance in hazardous and steep terrains, yet adapting to complex environments remains a challenge. Inspired by nature's climbers, this paper introduces a climbing dynamics model that integrates foot-end contact forces, crucial for safe and efficient wall climbing. Drawing insights from animal locomotion and biomechanics, we present a comprehensive dynamic model for quadruped robots. Our model, built upon multibody dynamics and a dynamic contact model based on spiny claw mechanisms, accurately simulates robot forces and motion during climbing, even predicting failure scenarios. Experimental validation further establishes model accuracy. This study advances climbing robot research by addressing attachment interaction dynamics and provides valuable insights for optimizing robot structural design and gait strategies.
Brine formation in cold desert, shallow groundwater systems: Antarctic Ca-Cl brine chemistry controlled by cation exchange, microclimate, and organic matter
Authors: King I.C. , Johnson J.T.E. , Kuang L. , Naylor S. , Subak T. , Koleszar A.M. , Levy J.S. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Groundwater in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica is commonly enriched in calcium and chloride, in contrast to surface and groundwater in temperate regions, where calcium chemistry is largely controlled by the dissolution of carbonates and sulfates. These Antarctic Ca-Cl brines have extremely low freezing points, which leads to moist soil conditions that persist unfrozen and resist evaporation, even in cold, arid conditions. Several hypotheses exist to explain these unusual excess-calcium solutions, including salt deliquescence and differential salt mobility and cation exchange. Although the cation exchange mechanism was shown to explain the chemistry of pore waters in permafrost cores from several meters depth, it has not been evaluated for near-surface groundwater and wetland features (water tracks) in which excess-calcium pore-water solutions are common. Here, we use soluble salt and exchangeable cation concentrations to determine whether excess calcium is present in water-track brines and if cation exchange could be responsible for calcium enrichment in these cold desert groundwaters. We show that calcium enrichment by cation exchange is not occurring universally across the McMurdo Dry Valleys. Instead, evidence of the present-day formation of Ca-Cl–rich brines by cation exchange is focused in a geographically specific location in Taylor Valley, with hydrological position, microclimate, soil depth, and organic matter influencing the spatial extent of cation exchange reactions. Up-valley sites may be too cold and dry for widespread exchange, and warm and wet coastal sites are interpreted to host sediments whose exchange reactions have already gone to completion. We argue that exchangeable cation ratios can be used as a signature of past freeze-concentration of brines and exchange reactions, and thus could be considered a geochemical proxy for past groundwater presence in planetary permafrost settings. Correlations between water-track organic matter, fine sediment concentration, and cation exchange capacity suggest that water tracks may be sites of enhanced biogeochemical cycling in cold desert soils and serve as a model for predicting how active layers in the Antarctic will participate in biogeochemical cycling during periods of future thaw.
Copper skarn mineralization related to reduced monzodioritic magma at the Huanren deposit, northeastern China
Authors: Ouyang Hegen , Caulfield John , Xie Guiqing , Duan Chao , Mao Jingwen , Li Xin 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Most known copper (Cu) skarns are associated with oxidized intrusions. In this contribution, we report a Cu skarn associated with a reduced monzodioritic intrusion at Huanren, northeastern China, which contains 0.41 Mt of Cu accompanied by economic concentrations of Zn, Pb, Fe, Mo, and Ag. Copper-polymetallic mineralization in the Huanren deposit is concentrated in skarns located between the contacts of the monzodiorite (SiO2 = 52–55 wt%) and the Cambrian carbonate rocks, with minor molybdenite-bearing veinlets/veins and dissimilated chalcopyrite mineralization hosted within the monzodiorite. Laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) U-Pb zircon geochronology indicates the monzodiorite crystallized at 125.4 ± 0.6 Ma (2σ). Isotope dilution (ID)-ICP-MS Re-Os molybdenite geochronology indicates mineralization at Huanren occurred at 125.3 ± 0.8 Ma (2σ). Whole-rock major- and trace-element and zircon Hf isotopic compositions suggest enriched (subduction metasomatized) lithospheric mantle–derived sources for the parental magma of the monzodiorite without significant crustal assimilation. Zircon trace-element and magmatic apatite major-element compositions indicate the reduced nature of the monzodiorite, as evidenced by low magmatic oxygen fugacity (fayalite-magnetite-quartz [FMQ] buffer = −1.09 ± 0.19) and negligible apatite SO3 contents (&lt;0.05 wt%). A reduced magmatic-hydrothermal system at Huanren is also supported by the predominance of magmatic ilmenite over magnetite in the monzodiorite and by the presence of pyrrhotite and the absence of anhydrite and hematite in the ore. Chalcopyrite from the Huanren deposit has an average δ34S value of 4.34‰ ± 0.88‰ (1σ), which is clearly higher than values from most porphyry-skarn Cu ± Mo ± Au deposits. Accordingly, we suggest that interaction between (1) external oxidized fluids equilibrated with evaporites and (2) reduced Cl-bearing magmas and related exsolved fluids may have played a critical role in the formation of the Huanren Cu skarn by increasing the ability of fluids to scavenge Cu from the reduced magma and subsequently precipitate Cu in the carbonate rocks. This study defines a new type of Cu skarn and thereby opens new potential for Cu skarn exploration proximal to intrusive units previously deemed too reduced to be Cu fertile, especially in non-arc settings. Moreover, we conclude that the availability of Cl and S in magmatic-hydrothermal systems may be as critical as fO2 in facilitating the actual ore-forming event in Cu skarn systems.
Geoelectric evidence for a wide spatial footprint of active extension in central Colorado
Authors: Murphy Benjamin S. , Caine Jonathan Saul , Bedrosian Paul A. , Crosbie Jade W. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Three-dimensional magnetotelluric (MT) imaging in central Colorado reveals a set of north-striking high-conductivity tracks at lower-crustal (50–20 km) depths, with conductive finger-like structures rising off these tracks into the middle crust (20–5 km depth). We interpret these features to represent saline aqueous fluids and partial melt that are products of active extensional tectonomagmatism. These conductors are distributed over a wider region than the narrow corridor along which Rio Grande rift structures are traditionally mapped at the surface, and they consequently demarcate regions of the lower crust where accommodation of bulk extensional strain has concentrated conductive phases. Our observations reveal limitations in existing models of Rio Grande rift activity and may reflect unrecognized spatiotemporal variations in rift system evolution globally.
Randomised study of a new inline respiratory function monitor (Juno) to improve mask seal and delivered ventilation with neonatal manikins
Authors: Tracy Mark Brian , Hinder Murray , Morakeas Stephanie , Lowe Krista , Priyadarshi Archana , Crott Matthew , Boustred Matthew , Culcer Mihaela 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundRespiratory function monitors (RFMs) have been used extensively in manikin and infant studies yet have not become the standard of training. We report the outcomes of a new portable, lightweight RFM, the Juno, designed to show mask leak and deflation tidal volume to assist in positive pressure ventilation (PPV) competency training using manikins.MethodsTwo leak-free manikins (preterm and term) were used. Participants provided PPV to manikins using two randomised devices, self-inflating bag (SIB) and T-piece resuscitator (TPR), with Juno display initially blinded then unblinded in four 90 s paired sequences, aiming for adequate chest wall rise and target minimal mask leak with appropriate target delivered volume when using the monitor.Results49 experienced neonatal staff delivered 15 569 inflations to the term manikin and 14 580 inflations to the preterm. Comparing blinded to unblinded RFM display, there were significant reductions in all groups in the number of inflations out of target range volumes (preterm: SIB 22.6–6.6%, TPR 7.1–4.2% and term: SIB 54.8–37.8%, TPR 67.2–63.8%). The percentage of mask leak inflations >60% was reduced in preterm: SIB 20.7–7.2%, TPR 23.4–7.4% and in term: SIB 8.7–3.6%, TPR 23.5–6.2%).ConclusionsUsing the Juno monitor during simulated resuscitation significantly improved mask leak and delivered ventilation among otherwise experienced staff using preterm and term manikins. The Juno is a novel RFM that may assist in teaching and self-assessment of resuscitation PPV technique.
Bladder cancer intrinsic LRFN2 drives anticancer immunotherapy resistance by attenuating CD8+T cell infiltration and functional transition
Authors: Yu Anze , Hu Jiao , Fu Liangmin , Huang Gaowei , Deng Dingshan , Zhang Mingxiao , Wang Yinghan , Shu Guannan , Jing Lanyu , Li Huihuang , Chen Xu , Yang Taowei , Wei Jinhuan , Chen Zhenhua , Zu Xiongbing , Luo Junhang 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundImmune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy improves the survival of patients with advanced bladder cancer (BLCA); however, its overall effectiveness is limited, and many patients still develop immunotherapy resistance. The leucine-rich repeat and fibronectin type-III domain-containing protein (LRFN) family has previously been implicated in regulating brain dysfunction; however, the mechanisms underlying the effect of LRFN2 on the tumor microenvironment (TME) and immunotherapy remain unclear.MethodsHere we combined bulk RNA sequencing, single-cell RNA sequencing, ProcartaPlex multiple immunoassays, functional experiments, and TissueFAXS panoramic tissue quantification assays to demonstrate that LRFN2 shapes a non-inflammatory TME in BLCA.ResultsFirst, comprehensive multiomics analysis identified LRFN2 as a novel immunosuppressive target specific to BLCA. We found that tumor-intrinsic LRFN2 inhibited the recruitment and functional transition of CD8+T cells by reducing the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and this mechanism was verified in vitro and in vivo. LRFN2 restrained antitumor immunity by inhibiting the infiltration, proliferation, and differentiation of CD8+T cells in vitro. Furthermore, a spatial exclusivity relationship was observed between LRFN2+tumor cells and CD8+T cells and cell markers programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and T cell factor 1 (TCF-1). Preclinically, LRFN2 knockdown significantly enhanced the efficacy of ICI therapy. Clinically, LRFN2 can predict immunotherapy responses in real-world and public immunotherapy cohorts. Our results reveal a new role for LRFN2 in tumor immune evasion by regulating chemokine secretion and inhibiting CD8+T-cell recruitment and functional transition.ConclusionsThus, LRFN2 represents a new target that can be combined with ICIs to provide a potential treatment option for BLCA.
Seroreactivity against lytic, latent and possible cross-reactive EBV antigens appears on average 10 years before MS induced preclinical neuroaxonal damage
Authors: Jons Daniel , Grut Viktor , Bergström Tomas , Zetterberg Henrik , Biström Martin , Gunnarsson Martin , Vrethem Magnus , Brenner Nicole , Butt Julia , Blennow Kaj , Nilsson Staffan , Kockum Ingrid , Olsson Tomas , Waterboer Tim , Sundström Peter , Andersen Oluf 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundMultiple sclerosis (MS) and presymptomatic axonal injury appear to develop only after an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. This association remains to be confirmed across a broad preclinical time range, for lytic and latent EBV seroreactivity, and for potential cross-reacting antigens.MethodsWe performed a case–control study with 669 individual serum samples obtained before clinical MS onset, identified through cross-linkage with the Swedish MS register. We assayed antibodies against EBV nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1), viral capsid antigen p18, glycoprotein 350 (gp350), the potential cross-reacting protein anoctamin 2 (ANO2) and the level of sNfL, a marker of axonal injury.ResultsEBNA1 (latency) seroreactivity increased in the pre-MS group, at 15–20 years before clinical MS onset, followed by gp350 (lytic) seroreactivity (p=0.001–0.009), ANO2 seropositivity appeared shortly after EBNA1-seropositivity in 16.7% of pre-MS cases and 10.0% of controls (p=0.001).With an average lag of almost a decade after EBV, sNfL gradually increased, mainly in the increasing subgroup of seropositive pre-MS cases (p=8.10−5compared with non-MS controls). Seropositive pre-MS cases reached higher sNfL levels than seronegative pre-MS (p=0.038). In the EBNA1-seropositive pre-MS group, ANO2 seropositive cases had 26% higher sNfL level (p=0.0026).ConclusionsSeroreactivity against latent and lytic EBV antigens, and in a subset ANO2, was detectable on average a decade before the appearance of a gradually increasing axonal injury occurring in the last decade before the onset of clinical MS. These findings strengthen the hypothesis of latent EBV involvement in the pathogenesis of MS.
High-dimensional analysis of T-cell profiling variations following belimumab treatment in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Maeda Shinji , Hashimoto Hiroya , Maeda Tomoyo , Tamechika Shin-ya , Isogai Shuntaro , Naniwa Taio , Niimi Akio 
Published: February 2024

ObjectiveThis study sought to elucidate the molecular impacts of belimumab (BEL) treatment on T-cell immune profiling in SLE.MethodsWe used mass cytometry with 25 marker panels for T-cell immune profiling in peripheral blood T cells (CD3+) from 22 patients with BEL-treated SLE and 20 controls with non-BEL-treated SLE. An unsupervised machine-learning clustering, FlowSOM, was used to identify 39 T-cell clusters (TCLs; TCL01–TCL39). TCLs (% of CD3+) showing significant (p<0.05) associations with BEL treatment (BEL-TCL) were selected by a linear mixed-effects model for comparing groups of time-series data. Furthermore, we analysed the association between BEL treatment and variations in regulatory T-cell (Treg) phenotypes, and the ratio of other T-cell subsets to Treg as secondary analysis.ResultsClinical outcomes: BEL treatment was associated with a decrease in daily prednisolone use (coef=−0.1769, p=0.00074), and an increase in serum CH50 (coef=0.4653, p=0.003), C3 (coef=1.1047, p=0.00001) and C4 (coef=0.2990, p=0.00157) levels. Molecular effects: five distinct BEL-TCLs (TCL 04, 07, 11, 12 and 27) were identified. Among these, BEL-treated patients exhibited increased proportions in the Treg-like cluster TCL11 (coef=0.404, p=0.037) and two naïve TCLs (TCL04 and TCL07). TCL27 showed increased levels (coef=0.222, p=0.037) inversely correlating with baseline C3 levels. Secondary analyses revealed associations between BEL treatment and an increase in Tregs (coef=1.749, p=0.0044), elevated proportions of the fraction of Tregs with inhibitory function (fTregs, coef=0.7294, p=0.0178) and changes in peripheral helper T cells/fTreg (coef=−4.475, p=0.0319) and T helper 17/fTreg ratios (coef=−6.7868, p=0.0327). Additionally, BEL was linked to variations in T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein-3 expression (coef=0.2422, p=0.039).ConclusionsThe study suggests an association between BEL treatment and variations in T cells, particularly Tregs, in SLE pathologies involving various immune cells.
Prediction of futile recanalisation after endovascular treatment in acute ischaemic stroke: development and validation of a hybrid machine learning model
Authors: Nie Ximing , Yang Jinxu , Li Xinxin , Zhan Tianming , Liu Dongdong , Yan Hongyi , Wei Yufei , Liu Xiran , Chen Jiaping , Gong Guoyang , Wu Zhenzhou , Yang Zhonghua , Wen Miao , Gu Weibin , Pan Yuesong , Jiang Yong , Meng Xia , Liu Tao , Cheng Jian , Li Zixiao , Miao Zhongrong , Liu Liping 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundIdentification of futile recanalisation following endovascular therapy (EVT) in patients with acute ischaemic stroke is both crucial and challenging. Here, we present a novel risk stratification system based on hybrid machine learning method for predicting futile recanalisation.MethodsHybrid machine learning models were developed to address six clinical scenarios within the EVT and perioperative management workflow. These models were trained on a prospective database using hybrid feature selection technique to predict futile recanalisation following EVT. The optimal model was validated and compared with existing models and scoring systems in a multicentre prospective cohort to develop a hybrid machine learning-based risk stratification system for futile recanalisation prediction.ResultsUsing a hybrid feature selection approach, we trained and tested multiple classifiers on two independent patient cohorts (n=1122) to develop a hybrid machine learning-based prediction model. The model demonstrated superior discriminative ability compared with other models and scoring systems (area under the curve=0.80, 95% CI 0.73 to 0.87) and was transformed into a web application (RESCUE-FR Index) that provides a risk stratification system for individual prediction (accessible online at fr-index.biomind.cn/RESCUE-FR/).ConclusionsThe proposed hybrid machine learning approach could be used as an individualised risk prediction model to facilitate adherence to clinical practice guidelines and shared decision-making for optimal candidate selection and prognosis assessment in patients undergoing EVT.
Intracerebral haemorrhage in patients taking different types of oral anticoagulants: a pooled individual patient data analysis from two national stroke registries
Authors: Siepen Bernhard M , Forfang Elisabeth , Branca Mattia , Drop Boudewijn , Mueller Madlaine , Goeldlin Martina B , Katan Mira , Michel Patrik , Cereda Carlo , Medlin Friedrich , Peters Nils , Renaud Susanne , Niederhauser Julien , Carrera Emmanuel , Kahles Timo , Kägi Georg , Bolognese Manuel , Salmen Stephan , Mono Marie-Luise , Polymeris Alexandros A , Wegener Susanne , Z'Graggen Werner , Kaesmacher Johannes , Schaerer Michael , Rodic Biljana , Kristoffersen Espen Saxhaug , Larsen Kristin T , Wyller Torgeir Bruun , Volbers Bastian , Meinel Thomas R , Arnold Marcel , Engelter Stefan T , Bonati Leo H , Fischer Urs , Rønning Ole Morten , Seiffge David J 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundWe investigated outcomes in patients with intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) according to prior anticoagulation treatment with Vitamin K antagonists (VKAs), direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) or no anticoagulation.MethodsThis is an individual patient data study combining two prospective national stroke registries from Switzerland and Norway (2013–2019). We included all consecutive patients with ICH from both registries. The main outcomes were favourable functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale 0–2) and mortality at 3 months.ResultsAmong 11 349 patients with ICH (mean age 73.6 years; 47.6% women), 1491 (13.1%) were taking VKAs and 1205 (10.6%) DOACs (95.2% factor Xa inhibitors). The median percentage of patients on prior anticoagulation was 23.7 (IQR 22.6–25.1) with VKAs decreasing (from 18.3% to 7.6%) and DOACs increasing (from 3.0% to 18.0%) over time. Prior VKA therapy (n=209 (22.3%); adjusted ORs (aOR), 0.64; 95% CI, 0.49 to 0.84) and prior DOAC therapy (n=184 (25.7%); aOR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.87) were independently associated with lower odds of favourable outcome compared with patients without anticoagulation (n=2037 (38.8%)). Prior VKA therapy (n=720 (49.4%); aOR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.41 to 2.08) and prior DOAC therapy (n=460 (39.7%); aOR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.60) were independently associated with higher odds of mortality compared with patients without anticoagulation (n=2512 (30.2%)).ConclusionsThe spectrum of anticoagulation-associated ICH changed over time. Compared with patients without prior anticoagulation, prior VKA treatment and prior DOAC treatment were independently associated with lower odds of favourable outcome and higher odds of mortality at 3 months. Specific reversal agents unavailable during the study period might improve outcomes of DOAC-associated ICH in the future.
Impact of the f-Reggeon exchanges on the observables of the single diffractive dissociation of nucleon at ultrahigh energies
Authors: Godizov A. A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSingle diffractive dissociation (SDD) of nucleon in high-energy proton-proton and proton-antiproton collisions is considered in terms of a simple two-Reggeon model with nonlinear Regge trajectories. It is demonstrated that the f-Reggeon impact on the corresponding cross-sections is not negligible up to the LHC energies. As well, it is shown that the account of the f-Reggeon exchanges allows to describe the elastic diffractive scattering (EDS) and SDD of nucleons at ultrahigh energies in the framework of a unified phenomenological scheme. The predictive value of the proposed model is verified.
Th17 Cells Secrete TWEAK to Trigger Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition and Promote Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastasis
Authors: Liu Xin , Wang Xin , Yang Qingxia , Luo Li , Liu Ziqin , Ren Xiaoxue , Lei Kai , Li Shangru , Xie Zonglin , Zheng Gaomin , Zhang Yifan , Hao Yijie , Zhou Qianying , Hou Yingdong , Fang Fei , Song Wu , Cui Ji , Ma Jinping , Xie Wenxuan , Shen Shunli , Tang Ce , Peng Sui , Yu Jun , Kuang Ming , Song Xinming , Wang Fang , Xu Lixia 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Liver metastasis is the leading cause of mortality in patients with colorectal cancer. Given the significance of both epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) of tumor cells and the immune microenvironment in colorectal cancer liver metastasis (CRLM), the interplay between them could hold the key for developing improved treatment options. We employed multiomics analysis of 130 samples from 18 patients with synchronous CRLM integrated with external datasets to comprehensively evaluate the interaction between immune cells and EMT of tumor cells in liver metastasis. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis revealed distinct distributions of nonmalignant cells between primary tumors from patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) and non-metastatic colorectal cancer, showing that Th17 cells were predominantly enriched in the primary lesion of mCRC. TWEAK, a cytokine secreted by Th17 cells, promoted EMT by binding to receptor Fn14 on tumor cells, and the TWEAK–Fn14 interaction enhanced tumor migration and invasion. In mouse models, targeting Fn14 using CRISPR-induced knockout or lipid nanoparticle–encapsulated siRNA alleviated metastasis and prolonged survival. Mice lacking Il17a or Tnfsf12 (encoding TWEAK) exhibited fewer metastases compared with wild-type mice, while cotransfer of Th17 with tumor cells promoted liver metastasis. Higher TWEAK expression was associated with a worse prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer. In addition, CD163L1+ macrophages interacted with Th17 cells, recruiting Th17 via the CCL4-CCR5 axis. Collectively, this study unveils the role of immune cells in the EMT process and identifies TWEAK secreted by Th17 as a driver of CRLM.

Significance:
TWEAK secreted by Th17 cells promotes EMT by binding to Fn14 on colorectal cancer cells, suggesting that blocking the TWEAK–Fn14 interaction may be a promising therapeutic approach to inhibit liver metastasis.