bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Specificity and Sensitivity of Temporalis ES2 Measurements in the Diagnosis of Chronic Primary Headaches
Authors: Wang Wei , De Pasqua Victor , Gerard Pascale , Schoenen Jean 
Published: May 2005

We have evaluated the specificity and sensitivity of temporalis ES2 measurements for the diagnosis of primary headaches. Ninety‐four outpatients diagnosed according to IHS criteria were prospectively included: 25 had chronic tension‐type headache (code 2.2.), 15 episodic tension‐type headache (code 2.1.), 20 migraine without aura (code 1.1.) and 34 chronic daily headaches with daily analgesics/ergotamine abuse (code 8.2.). In chronic tension‐type, the sensitivity of the ES2 test was 84% at the 0.1 and the 0.5 Hz, but only 56% at the 2Hz stimulation rates. Its specificity was 100% at 0.1Hz, 90% at 0.5Hz and 95% at 2Hz compared to migraine; positive predictive values were at similar levels. Sensitivity of ES2 at 0.1 Hz was 67% in episodic tension‐type headache, but its positive predictive value versus migraine was excellent. Comparing chronic tension‐type headache and analgesic abusers, the specificity and positive predictive value of the ES2 test for diagnosing chronic tension‐type headache were less satisfactory (60%) while the negative predictive values, however, remained good (83% at 0.1Hz).The results confirm that the temporalis ES2 test has a higher diagnostic sensitivity in chronic and episodic tension‐type headache, but that it has a high negative predictive value for both types of tension‐type headache compared to other primary headaches. For diagnostic purposes, the 0.1Hz stimulation rate seems optimal. The 2Hz stimulation rate is the least sensitive, although it may induce total disappearance of ES2 in up to 40% of patients. ES2 is of limited usefulness for separating chronic tension‐type headache and chronic drug‐abuse headache, possibly because the latter group comprises both tension‐type headache and migraine patients.
Extratrigeminal Ice‐Pick Status
Authors: Martins Isabel Pavão , Parreira Elsa , Costa Ilda 
Published: May 2005

We describe six patients with an identical type of headache, consisting of short episodes (lasting around 1 week) of daily attacks of ice‐pick‐like pain, recurring every minute in the same points of the scalp. In all of them, the pain was felt outside the cutaneous area of the trigeminal nerve (retroauricular, parietal, and occipital regions). All patients were examined in the emergency department of a general hospital over a period of 7 years because of these acute headaches. None of them had a history of migraine.Although this pain is identical to idiopathic stabbing headache, it differs from it by its temporal profile (in “status”), its posterior (extratrigeminal) location, and its lack of association with migraine. While the bouts were usually severe and recurred in two patients, all had a self‐limited benign course and responded promptly to indomethacin.
Applicability of the 1988 IHS Criteria to Headache Patients Under the Age of 18 Years Attending 21 Italian Headache Clinics
Authors: Gallai Virgilio , Sarchielli Paola , Carboni Franca , Benedetti Pietro , Mastropaolo Camillo , Puca Francomichele ,   The Juvenile Headache Collaborative Study Group
Published: May 2005

Seven hundred nineteen young patients attending 21 Italian headache care settings were evaluated by a diagnostic headache interview and a neurological examination. Headache disorders were classified according to the current 1988 criteria of the International Headache Society (IHS); 54.9% of the patients suffered from migraine, 33.9% from tension‐type headache, 1.9% from secondary headache, and 3.4% had non‐classifiable headache. A further 5.9% of the patients were not classified due to incomplete questionnaires.Of the 395 patients with migraine, 44.5% were affected by migraine without aura, 29.9% by migraine with aura, 1.3% from other migraine forms, and 24.3% by migrainous disorders which do not fulfill the 1988 IHS diagnostic criteria for headache.Among the 244 patients with tension‐type headache, 51.6% had episodic tension‐type headache, 15.2% chronic tension‐type headache, and 33.2% headache of the tension‐type which does not fulfill the 1988 IHS criteria for episodic and chronic tension‐type headache.In young migraine patients, pain was of a pulsating type in 55.7%, severe in 57.8%, unilateral in 42.6%, and aggravated by routine physical activity in 38.9%. Tension‐type headache was described as pressing in 73.8%, mild or moderate in 75.7%, bilateral in 87.4%, and not aggravated by routine physical activity in 85.5%. The duration of pain was leas than 2 hours in 35% of the cases in migraine sufferers and less than 30 minutes in 26.7% of tension‐type headache sufferers. Nausea, phonophobia, and photophobia were present in at least half of the migraine patients and in one third of tension‐type headache patients, respectively. Vomiting occurred in 47.8% of migraine patients and 9% of tension‐type headache patients.On the basis of the above results, a modification of the current 1988 IHS criteria can be proposed to increase their sensitivity for diagnosing migraine and tension‐type headache in children and adolescents. This should take into account that the attacks are of a shorter duration, the character of pain is not necessarily pulsating, and the location of pain may often be bilateral. The number of headache episodes should be reduced to less than five for the diagnosis of migraine and less than 10 for the diagnosis of tension‐type headache. Moreover, functional disability should not be considered a mandatory criterion for migraine in children and adolescents.Differentiating migraine and tension‐type headache could be improved by the use of a grading system for accompanying symptoms (nausea, vomiting, phonophobia, and photo‐phobia) rather than merely the use of criteria for absence and presence.
SUNCT Syndrome: A Hungarian Case
Authors: Becser Noemi , Berky Mihaly 
Published: May 2005

A Hungarian patient with short‐lasting, unilateral, neuralgiform headache attacks with conjunctival injection and tearing (SUNCT) is presented in this paper. This male patient was first diagnosed as having first division trigeminal neuralgia. The location and duration of the attacks and the prominent accompanying autonomic feature on the symptomatic aide, such as conjunctival injection, lacrimation, nasal stuffiness, and the inefficacy of drugs, led to a reconsideration of the diagnosis. The pain paroxysms occurred frequently during a 3‐to 4‐month period, followed by a longer remission phase. Mechanical precipitating maneuvers were observed during bouts of pain. The clinical picture is reminiscent of the SUNCT syndrome, first described by Sjaastad et al in 1978.SUNCT and trigeminal neuralgia are in many ways similar, although, some decisive differences have also been noted. Further observations are needed to distinguish the two disorders and to clarify this syndrome as a new headache type or as a trigeminal neuralgia variant.
Classification of Pediatric Migraine: Proposed Revisions to the IHS Criteria
Authors: Winner Paul , Martinez Walter , Mate Lazlo , Bello Luis 
Published: May 2005

The International Headache Society classification lends itself to modification to significantly improve the diagnostic sensitivity of migraine in the pediatric population. Children and adolescents require special modifications relating to duration, location, quality of intensity, and symptoms related to photophobia and phonophobia. We propose specific criteria for pediatric migraine with and without aura which are more sensitive.Forty‐five children and adolescents seen at a headache center were evaluated, retrospectively, comparing diagnostic criteria of the International Headache Society, Vahlquist, and the proposed revised IHS classification for clinical diagnosis by a single examiner (pediatric neurologist)‐comparing diagnostic rates for migraine of the total sample: IHS (53%), Vahlquist (69%), and IHS‐R (80%) and evaluating a subset of those patients less than 12 years (n=22): IHS (50%), Vahlquist (68%), and IHS‐R (73%). The proposed revisions to IHS for pediatric migraine were more sensitive than existing criteria. These revisions may help to form the basis for future research guidelines and for further modifications to improve the diagnostic sensitivity of pediatric migraine using the IHS model.
Practice and Economics Cost Considerations in Headache Treatment Part 1: Prophylactic Migraine Treatment
Authors: Adelman James U. , Seggern Randal Von 
Published: May 2005

Effective migraine treatment is clearly the most cost‐effective in terms of both direct and indirect costs. Patient education, behavior changes, and prudent medication selection can minimize costs. Low‐dose aspirin may reduce headache frequency. Among the antidepressant medications used, amitriptyine 25 mg, 3 qhs ($4.16/month) and doxepin 25 mg, 3 qhs ($10.50/month) remain the standard. Imipramine (25 mg, 3 qhs ($3.75/month) is very inexpensive and should replace nortriptyline 25 mg, 3 qhs ($64.29/month) as a second‐line agent. The specific serotonin reuptake inhibitors are expensive and have no proven effect for migraine prevention.Propranolol 80 mg bid ($7.80/month) is inexpensive and frequently a good choice among beta‐blockers. Atenolol 100 mg qd ($27.50/month) is less expensive than long‐acting propranolol 160 mg ($35.56/month) and nadolol 120 mg qd ($43.68/month) with equivalent effectiveness. It is thus recommended as the ong‐acting beta‐blocker of choice. Sustained‐release preparations of verapamil 240 mg qd ($31.98/ month) are twice the cost and less well‐absorbed than the standard preparation of 120 mg bid ($17.62/month).Better information is needed concerning effectiveness and optimal dosing of some older low‐cost medications in the preventive treatment of migraine.
Sumatriptan Prophylaxis for Postelectroconvulsive Therapy Headaches
Authors: DeBattista Charles , Mueller Kurt 
Published: May 2005

Very little has been written about headaches following electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) but the incidence has been estimated at 26%. 1 Patients with a history of migraine occasionally have similar headaches precipitated by ECT.2 In addition, some patients may have headaches that persist for months after a series of ECT treatments, while some patients who have a preexisting headache problem report improvement with ECT.3Serotonergic mechanisms have been proposed both for the efficacy of ECT and its tendency to produce headaches in susceptible patients.3,4 There have been no studies on the prophylaxis or treatment of post‐ECT headache. While various strategies have been suggested for these headaches, even case reports documenting the efficacy of these strategies are lacking. We, therefore, report a case of severe, refractory, post‐ECT headaches which responded to prophylactic treatment with sumatriptan.
Headache Associated With Aseptic Meningitis
Authors: Lamonte Marian , Silberstein Stephen D. , Marcelis John F. 
Published: May 2005

A retrospective analysis of all patients admitted with the diagnostic codes of aseptic or viral meningitis was performed at two institutions over 3 years. Forty‐one patients with cerebrospinal fluid confirmation of aseptic meningitis (increased protein; increased white count; negative gram stain; and negative fungal, tuberculosis, and bacterial cultures) were analyzed.All the patients had headache, which was typically severe and bilateral in 39 of the 41 patients. The headache was of abrupt onset or the worst of the patient's life in 24 of the patients. The quality of the headache, when described, was usually throbbing (11 of 14). Nineteen patients had prodromal symptoms, including malaise, myalgia, gastrointestinal symptoms, and urinary tract infections. All had associated symptoms, including nausea (25), vomiting (23), photophobia (18), stiff neck (25), and back pain (11). Thirty patients were febrile. Lumbar puncture was performed for headacheand fever unexplained by systemic illness in 30 patients, meningeal signs in 15, headache of abrupt onset or the worst headache ever in 24, neurologic signs or symptoms in 12, and for other reasons in 2. Computerized tomography, when performed, was negative in all cases. Focal neurologic findings were present in 5 patients, a decreased level of consciousness in 6, and papilledema in 1.A severe headache that worsens, is abrupt in onset, or is the worst of the patient's life could be due to aseptic meningitis, bacterial meningitis, or a subarachnoid hemorrhage. Although not universally present, meningeal signs, fever, and neurologic signs or symptoms should alert one to a possible central nervous system infection.
Amphibian Declines in Brazil: An Overview1
Authors: Eterovick Paula Cabral , De Queiroz Carnaval Ana Carolina Oliveira , Borges‐Nojosa Diva Maria , Silvano Débora Leite , Segalla Magno Vicente , Sazima Ivan 
Published: May 2005

ABSTRACTPopulation declines have previously been reported for at least 31 amphibian species in Brazil, in the families Leptodactylidae (19), Hylidae (7), Centrolenidae (2), Dendrobatidae (2), and Bufonidae (1). In five Brazilian museum collections, we found no entries of new records dating back to at least 15 yr ago for 13 of these species. We suggest that these taxa be studied in more detail to verify their status and to generate basic ecological data. Museum data indicate that the remaining species have been recently found in areas of reported crashes, or elsewhere. Several apparent declines in Brazil can be associated with habitat loss, interspecific interactions, natural fluctuations, or lack of intensive sampling. Personal observations and field data also indicate possible declines in the states of Paraná and Ceará as well as in highlands within the Cerrado biome, in the state of Minas Gerais. Records suggest declines of montane and stream‐associated populations of Brazilian amphibians in apparently pristine habitats. Field work is necessary to confirm these cases and to examine whether factors associated with similar extinctions in other parts of the globe—such as pathogens and climate change—are also related to local disappearances. To clarify pending questions and perhaps circumvent new cases, it is important to invest in short‐ and long‐term field studies, and in the maintenance and expansion of museum collections.
Cambios en la Diversidad en Siete Comunidades de Anuros en los Andes de Ecuador1
Authors: Bustamante Martín R. , Ron Santiago R. , Coloma Luis A. 
Published: May 2005

ABSTRACTIn the Ecuadorian Andes, populations of 24 anuran species have been reported to be in the process of decline or extinction since the late 1980s. In spite of these reports, quantitative data on population trends on anuran populations in Ecuador are scarce. We compare relative abundance and species composition in surveys conducted between 1967 and 1988 (initial surveys) with surveys conducted between March 2000 and November 2003 (recent surveys) in seven anuran communities in the Andes of Ecuador. A total of 76 anuran species was registered. In 88 populations corresponding to 73 species in seven localities, 56 of them decreased and 27 increased their relative abundances. We observed significant differences in the number of species present in the initial surveys with respect to recent surveys. In six out of seven localities we registered fewer species than previously, even though capture effort was greater in recent surveys. Differences were of higher magnitude for species with aquatic larvae (34 species in initial surveys and 17 in recent surveys). Differences were not significant for species with direct development (genus Eleutherodactylus; 28 species in initial and recent surveys). We registered increases in the upper limit of the altitudinal range for six species and nine new records for six localities.
Forecasting Climate Change Effects on Salamander Distribution in the Highlands of Central Mexico1
Authors: Parra‐Olea Gabriela , Martínez‐Meyer Enrique , De León Gerardo Pérez‐Ponce 
Published: May 2005

ABSTRACTA generalized decline of amphibian populations is occurring worldwide. The causes for such a decline are not completely understood; however, climate change has been identified as a possible cause for amphibian extinction, among others. Ecological niche modeling has proven to be a useful tool to predict potential distribution of species in the context of climatic changes. In this paper, we used the Genetic Algorithm for Rule‐set Prediction (GARP) to model the potential distributions of two species of plethodontid salamanders: Pseudoeurycea cephalica and P. leprosa. We projected their potential distributions under climatic scenarios expected in 50 yr based on a conservative scenario of global climate change and assuming a moderate dispersal ability for both species. Our analyses suggest that climate change effects may pose an additional long‐term risk to both species of plethodontid salamanders, with a more dramatic scenario in the case of P. leprosa. By the year 2050, this species may lose almost 75 percent of its distributional area, and this projection is even worse when deforestation (in the way it is occurring at present) is considered within the predicted model. Our results concur with those obtained for species with limited dispersal capability because they do not track changing climates, but rather face a loss of distributional area. The survival of these species is not secure, even though their potential distributional area falls within a considerable number of natural protected areas.
Inner‐crown Microenvironments of Two Emergent Tree Species in a Lowland Wet Forest1
Authors: Cardelús Catherine L. , Chazdon Robin L. 
Published: May 2005

ABSTRACTVascular epiphyte communities, comprising up to 25 percent of tropical forest flora, contribute to plant diversity and thus ecosystem‐level processes; however, one of the proximal determinants of those communities, microclimate, is little studied. Here we present the first comprehensive study of microclimates in the inner crowns of two emergent tree species, Hyeronima alchorneoides and Lecythis ampla, at La Selva Biological Station, Costa Rica. We examined photon flux density, temperature, vapor pressure, and humidity in inner‐crown branches during the wet and dry seasons and during the wet‐season leafless phase of Lecythis. In both seasons, the percentage daily PFD in foliated Lecythis crowns (9%, wet season; 11%, dry season) was significantly higher than in Hyeronima crowns (5%, both seasons), with the leafless wet‐season PFD of Lecythis reaching 23 percent of full sun. Temperature and vapor pressure varied less in Hyeronima than in Lecythis crowns during the dry season. Microenvironmental conditions for epiphytes within Hyeronima crowns were more spatially and temporally homogeneous and were more buffered from ambient conditions than within Lecythis crowns. Growing conditions within the crowns of the same trees and among different trees were measurably different and are likely to affect the structure and composition of the resident epiphyte communities.
Morphological and Molecular Evidence of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Associations in Costa Rican Epiphytic Bromeliads1
Authors: Rowe Annette R. , Pringle Anne 
Published: May 2005

ABSTRACTArbuscular mycorrhizal fungi influence the growth, morphology, and fitness of a variety of plant species, but little is known of the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal associations of plant species in forest canopies. Plant species' associations with AM fungi are most often elucidated by examining the roots for fungal structures; however, morphological data may provide a limited resolution on a plant's mycorrhizal status. We combined a traditional staining technique with a molecular marker (the 18S ribosomal gene) to determine whether or not a variety of epiphytic bromeliads form arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal associations. Using these methods we show that the epiphytic bromeliad Vriesea werkleana forms arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal associations with members of the genus Glomus. AM fungal sequences of this plant species formed three distinct clades nested within a larger Glomus clade; two of the clades did not group with any previously sequenced lineage of Glomus. Novel clades may represent novel species. Although Vriesea werkleana is associated with multiple AM fungal species, each individual plant is colonized by a single lineage. The combination of morphological and molecular methods provides a practical approach to the characterization of the mycorrhizal status of epiphytic bromeliads, and perhaps other tropical epiphytes.
Population Genetic Structure of Neotropical Mangrove Species on the Colombian Pacific Coast:Pelliciera rhizophorae(Pellicieraceae)1
Authors: Castillo‐Cárdenas María Fernanda , Toro‐Perea Nelson , Cárdenas‐Henao Heiber 
Published: May 2005

ABSTRACTPelliciera rhizophoraeis a Neotropical mangrove species whose distribution is mostly restricted to the Pacific Coast, between the Gulf of Nicoya (Costa Rica) and the Esmeraldas River (Ecuador). In the Caribbean, patches ofPellicierahave been found in Nicaragua, Panama, and Colombia. The genetic variation and the population structure ofP. rhizophoraewere evaluated in six zones of the Colombian Pacific, using AFLP molecular markers. Of the 225 amplified fragments produced, 155 (69%) were polymorphic in 57 individuals ofP. rhizophoraecollected in the localities of Virudó, Charambirá, La Plata Island, Tumaco, Milagros, and Chontal. Genetic diversity within populations varied significantly, with the lowest levels of within‐population variation (Hep= 0.081 and 0.090, respectively) in La Plata Island and Tumaco; and the highest level of variation (Hep= 0.187) in Chontal. In the Colombian Pacific,P. rhizophoraewas significantly structured, with 26.5 percent of the variation found among populations, which was an evidence of substructure within populations. Genetic differentiation was not related to the geographic distance between zones. This suggests that the population dynamics ofP. rhizophoraecould be associated with historic processes influenced by ecological and environmental factors such as the movement of pollen by birds, the displacement of propagules by marine currents, and the spatial distribution of favorable habitats.
Herpetofaunal Richness and Community Structure of Offshore Islands of Sulawesi, Indonesia1
Authors: Gillespie Graeme , Howard Sam , Lockie David , Scroggie Michael , Boeadi  
Published: May 2005

ABSTRACTWe examined the distribution and broad habitat associations of the herpetofauna on three offshore islands of southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. A total of 74 amphibian and reptile taxa were recorded, comprising 13 frogs, 29 lizards, 29 snakes, 1 freshwater turtle, and 1 crocodile. Of the total taxa, 38 percent were endemic to Sulawesi, 13 were new undescribed taxa. Range extensions were also recorded for one taxon previously not known from Sulawesi. Herpetofauna of these islands is largely derived from that of mainland Sulawesi, and as for Sulawesi generally, is depauperate compared with herpetofaunal assemblages in Borneo, Java, and Thailand. Taxon richness was much higher in minimally disturbed forest and forest habitats with only moderate disturbance levels than in highly modified or disturbed habitats, such as secondary forests, plantations, and villages. Disturbed habitats were characterized by widespread, habitat generalists and human commensals. Forests were characterized by endemic and habitat‐specialist taxa. Little discrimination of taxon composition or endemism was found between minimally and moderately disturbed forest habitats. These results reaffirm the need for more general biological survey and research in this region. Taxa most likely to be displaced by human impacts tend to be endemic taxa, for which there exists little or no ecological information. The similarity in the herpetofaunal community structure between habitats with minimal and moderate disturbance levels has important implications for our understanding of ecological resilience in tropical herpetofaunal communities.