bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fluktuasi Muka Air Tanah Lahan Pertanian Skala Kecil di Desa Penerima Program Restorasi Gambut Kabupaten Kubu Raya, Kalimantan Barat
Authors: Gusmayanti Evi , Nusantara Rossie Wiedya , Sudrajat Jajat 
Published: December 2023

Muka air tanah merupakan salah satu indikator penting degradasi lahan gambut. Sesuai aturan pemerintah, pemanfaatan lahan gambut yang memiliki fungsi budidaya disyaratkan untuk menjaga muka air tanah maksimal 40 cm di bawah permukaan tanah. Dalam upaya untuk mengendalikan degradasi gambut, pemerintah melakukan program restorasi gambut yang salah satunya bertujuan untuk pembasahan gambut dengan membangun sekat-sekat kanal pada lokasi prioritas, termasuk di Kabupaten Kubu Raya. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan pengukuran muka air tanah di dua lahan pertanian skala kecil milik masyarakat di Desa Madusari, Kecamatan Sungai Raya, Kabupaten Kubu Raya, Provinsi Kalimantan Barat. Desa ini merupakan salah satu desa penerima program restorasi gambut berupa pembangunan sekat kanal. Terdapat dua plot pengukuran yang memiliki tipe sekat kanal yang berbeda, yaitu sekat kanal yang dibagun Dinas Pekerjaan Umum dan sekat kanal yang dibangun Badan Restorasi Gambut. Masing-masing plot terdiri dari enam titik pengukuran muka air tanah, yang mulai diukur sejak bulan Februari sampai Mei 2022. Muka air tanah diukur melalui sumur pantau (piezometer) yang terbuat dari pipa PVC berdiameter sebesar 5 cm yang dibenamkan ke dalam tanah. Selain muka air tanah, sifat fisik gambut yang diukur dalam kegiatan penelitian ini meliputi kedalaman gambut, bobot isi, berat jenis partikel, porositas, permeabilitas serta kadar air gravimetrik dan volumetrik. Data curah hujan diperoleh dari stasiun BMKG terdekat, yaitu Stasiun Supadio, Pontianak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan muka air tanah di sekitar sekat kanal bervariasi berdasarkan lokasi terhadap sekat kanal dan jarak dari kanal. Sampai jarak tertentu, sekat kanal dapat meningkatkan muka air tanah sehingga terbukti efektif dalam program pembasahan gambut
Analisis Tingkat Erosi Hutan Jati di Kawasan Hutan dengan Tujuan Khusus (KHDTK) Cemoro Modang, Kabupaten Blora, Provinsi Jawa Tengah
Authors: Rahman Hafiz Sofyan , Aryanti Nirmala Ayu , Nada F. Maftukhakh Hilmya , Adi Rahardyan Nugroho 
Published: December 2023

Kawasan Hutan Dengan Tujuan Khusus (KHDTK) Cemoro Modang merupakan kawasan hutan produksi dengan komposisi tutupan lahan yang didominasi oleh tanaman jati. Kawasan hutan produksi ini dibedakan menjadi beberapa petak berdasarkan kelas umur tanaman jati. Perbedaan kelas umur pada setiap petak tanaman jati akan mempengaruhi tutupan tajuk maupun tumbuhan bawah yang ada di sekitarnya. Kondisi tersebut akan berdampak pada tingkat erosi yang berbeda antar Kelas Umur (KU). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan mengklasifikasikan tingkat erosi di KHDTK Cemoro Modang berdasarkan kelas umurnya. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di KHDTK Cemoro Modang dengan luas 1.311,6 ha dan secara administratif terletak di Kecamatan Jiken dan Kecamatan Sambong, Kabupaten Blora, Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode USLE (Universal Soil Loss Equation) dengan faktor penentu yaitu erosivitas, erodibilitas, panjang dan kemiringan lereng, serta pengelolaan tanaman dan konservasi tanah. Data sekunder yang diperlukan dalam penelitian ini yaitu data curah hujan untuk menentukan faktor erosivitas dan peta DEM (Digital Elevation Model) untuk menentukan faktor panjang dan kemiringan lereng. Data primer yang diperlukan dalam penelitian ini yaitu data vegetasi dan pengelolaan lahan untuk menentukan faktor pengelolaan tanaman dan konservasi tanah, serta pengambilan sampel tanah pada setiap kelas umur untuk menentukan faktor erodibilitas. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan mendatangi 21 (dua puluh satu) titik sampel berdasarkan KU (Kelas Umur) tegakkan jati dan kelas hutan lainnya (kawasan perlindungan dan area terbuka), dikarenakan tutupan lahan pada lokasi penelitian 90 % merupakan tanaman jati. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tingkat erosi secara keseluruhan pada KHDTK Cemoro Modang sebesar 6,54 ton/ha/tahun dan termasuk kategori erosi sangat ringan. Kawasan yang memiliki tingkat erosi yang tinggi dan termasuk dalam kelas berat (III) dengan luas 52,43 ha dan sangat berat (IV) dengan luas 9,71 ha merupakan KU II, KU III, KU IV, HTKh (Hutan dengan Tujuan Khusus), MT (Masak Tebak), dan TBK (Tanaman Bertumbuhan Kurang).
Willingness To Pay (WTP) Wisatawan dalam Pelestarian Lingkungan Paska Perubahan Cagar Alam Kamojang ke Taman Wisata Alam Kamojang
Authors: Hindayani Purna , Bratanegara Alnidi Safarach , Pratama Armandha Redo 
Published: December 2023

The research was conducted in the area of the change of the Kamojang Nature Reserve (CA) to the Kamojang Nature Tourism Park (TWA) so that there was an increase in the area of the Kamojang Natural Tourism Park which was previously 535.01 Ha to 2,391 Ha. The goal of this study was to identify willingness to pay for environmental conservation in TWA after changes in land area. The method used willingness to pay (WTP) for environmental conservation in tourist areas in TWA Kamojang and the factors that influence the WTP value by using logit regression. The results showed that the average willingness to pay by visitors (WTP) is Rp. IDR 51,887 per visit with the option of improving facilities and infrastructure, adding tourist activities such as adequate camping grounds and hot springs and educational tourism of natural and environmental knowledge at TWA Kamojang. The total WTP is estimated to reach IDR 680,339,623 per year. All of the independent variables such as gender, age, income, education, travel costs during the tour affected the willingness to pay (WTP). The most significant factors influencing the willingness to pay for environmental conservation in the TWA Kamojang was age. The management of TWA Kamojang is expected to develop nature tourism that takes into account the principles of environmental conservation
Analisis Faktor Spasial Terhadap Kejadian Demam Berdarah Dengue Menggunakan Pendekatan Geographically Weighted Regression di Kota Pekanbaru, Provinsi Riau
Authors: Giofandi Eggy Arya , Purwantiningrum Purwantiningrum , Madino Firson , Lumbantobing Agape 
Published: December 2023

Permasalahan penyakit menular menjadi salah satu wabah endemik yang belum terselesaikan, dimana nyamuk aedes aegypti menjadi salah satu vektor dalam melakukan transmisi ke manusia. Kondisi ini menjadi salah satu landasan dalam mencapai tujuan penelitian yaitu mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh penularan demam berdarah dengue. Metode yang digunakan ialah Geographically Weighted Regression dengan variabel kepadatan penduduk, fasilitas kesehatan, kepadatan bangunan, usia <15 tahun, ketinggian, dan curah hujan. Temuan selama penelitian menghasilkan nilai Local R-Square 0,6503 atau 65,03%. Nilai koefisien tertinggi pada variabel Fasilitas Kesehatan mencapai 4,4375, koefisien pada variabel pengaruh Penduduk usia <15 Tahun memiliki nilai 0,0035. Sementara nilai koefisien pada variabel pengaruh Ketinggian sampai 0,1801. Hasil signifikansi faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap data kejadian penyakit DBD di Kota Pekanbaru pada taraf kepercayaan 95% sebanyak 13 kelurahan yang signifikan terhadap faktor fasilitas kesehatan, kemudian variabel penduduk berusia <15 tahun berpengaruh terhadap data kejadian kasus DBD di 5 kelurahan, dan untuk variabel ketinggian terdapat pada 13 kelurahan. Diharapkan untuk studi selanjutya dapat mempertimbangkan aspek pengendalian dan sosial ekonomi dalam melakukan pengelolaan skala mikro sehingga mampu meningkatkan pengawasan surveilansPermasalahan penyakit menular menjadi salah satu wabah endemik yang belum terselesaikan, dimana nyamuk aedes aegypti menjadi salah satu vektor dalam melakukan transmisi ke manusia. Kondisi ini menjadi salah satu landasan dalam mencapai tujuan penelitian yaitu mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh penularan demam berdarah dengue. Metode yang digunakan ialah Geographically Weighted Regression dengan variabel kepadatan penduduk, fasilitas kesehatan, kepadatan bangunan, usia <15 tahun, ketinggian, dan curah hujan. Temuan selama penelitian menghasilkan nilai Local R-Square 0,6503 atau 65,03%. Nilai koefisien tertinggi pada variabel Fasilitas Kesehatan mencapai 4,4375, koefisien pada variabel pengaruh Penduduk usia <15 Tahun memiliki nilai 0,0035. Sementara nilai koefisien pada variabel pengaruh Ketinggian sampai 0,1801. Hasil signifikansi faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap data kejadian penyakit DBD di Kota Pekanbaru pada taraf kepercayaan 95% sebanyak 13 kelurahan yang signifikan terhadap faktor fasilitas kesehatan, kemudian variabel penduduk berusia <15 tahun berpengaruh terhadap data kejadian kasus DBD di 5 kelurahan, dan untuk variabel ketinggian terdapat pada 13 kelurahan. Diharapkan untuk studi selanjutya dapat mempertimbangkan aspek pengendalian dan sosial ekonomi dalam melakukan pengelolaan skala mikro sehingga mampu meningkatkan pengawasan surveilans
Pengaruh Asap Rokok pada Peningkatan Konsentrasi PM2.5 dan PM10 di Ruang Tamu Akibat Merokok di Dalam dan di Luar Rumah
Authors: Nuryati Neneng , Sumeru Kasni , Setyawan Andriyanto , Hikmat Yudi Prana , Sumeru Husain Akbar , Sukri Mohamad Firdaus bin 
Published: December 2023

Udara bersih adalah kebutuhan dasar untuk menjamin kesehatan bagi penghuni rumah. Asap rokok adalah salah satu polutan yang sering berada di rumah. Efek negatif dari asap rokok pada kesehatan telah dilaporkan oleh beberapa ahli. Namun, hingga saat ini, masih banyak dijumpai perokok yang merokok di tempat sembarang di sekitar rumah, seperti di teras, di dalam ruang tamu dan di kamar mandi. Perilaku ini akan berdampak buruk bagi kualitas udara di dalam rumah. Partikulat berdiameter kurang dari 2.5 µm (PM2.5) dan kurang dari 10 µm (PM10) adalah salah satu polutan utama yang dihasilkan oleh asap rokok. Berdasarkan beberapa penelitian, melaporkan bahwa selain akan mengendap di paru-paru, PM2.5 dan PM10 dapat menyebabkan beberapa penyakit, antara lain asma, ISPA (infeksi saluran pernafasan akut), kanker paru-paru dan meningkatkan tingkat mortalitas. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pengukuran PM2.5 dan PM10 di dalam ruang tamu akibat perokok yang merokok di kamar mandi, di dalam ruang tamu dan di teras. Pengukuran konsentrasi PM2.5 dan PM10 dilakukan di rumah dengan luas sekitar 45 m2. Pengambilan data dilakukan sebelum merokok, 15 menit setelah rokok dinyalakan, 30 dan 60 menit setelah rokok dimatikan. Berdasarkan pengukuran didapat bahwa konsetrasi PM2.5 dan PM10 di ruang tamu akan meningkat di atas baku mutu untuk semua lokasi merokok di area rumah. Meskipun perokok merokok di teras dengan pintu ruang tamu tertutup, konsentrasi PM2.5 dan PM10 di ruang tamu tetap meningkat, dari yang sebelumya 27 dan 68 µg/m3 menjadi 63 dan 127 µg/m3. Dari penelitian ini didapat kesimpulan bahwa meskipun merokok di luar rumah, dengan pintu tertutup, tetap dapat meningkatkan konsentrasi PM2.5 dan PM10 di ruang tamu jauh di atas di atas baku mutu. Tentu saja hal ini akan berdampak buruk bagi seluruh penghuni rumah.
THE EFFECT OF RAMADAN FASTING ON PREGNANCY OUTCOMES DURING THE SECOND AND THIRD TRIMESTER
Authors: Muhammad Huda , Rahim Gona , Muhammad Roshna 
Published: December 2023

Background
Fasting during pregnancy has always been considered a debatable condition. Some Muslim women do not fast during pregnancy for their children’s health; however, they feel uncomfortable because of their religious beliefs. On the other hand, some pregnant mothers prefer to fast despite their anxiety about their children’s health, and they fast during pregnancy.
Objectives
To evaluate Ramadan fasting effects in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy on maternal health, fetal growth and early neonatal outcome.
Patients and Methods
An observational case-control study carried out in Sulaymaniyah City/Kurdistan region/Iraq within a period between April to October 2021, involving 220 healthy pregnant women presented one week before and within the first week of Ramadan in their second or third trimester of pregnancy, they are grouped into two groups (fasting and non-fasting) according to their choice. Both groups followed 4-8 weeks after the first visit and at the delivery time.
The parameters observed in the first and second visits were maternal age, weight, residency, maternal job, maternal blood pressure, haemoglobin (Hb), random blood glucose (RBS), gestational age measured by ultrasound, amniotic fluid index (AFI), fetal growth measured by ultrasound.
The mode of delivery with an indication of cesarean section(C/S) was recorded in addition to the above parameters at the time of delivery. In addition, birth weight and 5 minutes APGAR score were also recorded.
Results
Of 220 women, 77 were not fasting, and 143 were fasting. About 87 women presented in the second trimester (57 cases were fasting), while 133 women presented in the third trimester (86 cases were fasting), and no significant changes in the evaluated parameters were observed. There was no significant difference between the fasting and non-fasting groups. Three babies from the fasting group were delivered during the preterm period, while two were delivered preterm in the non-fasting group. This study recorded neither intrauterine fetal death (IUFD) nor stillbirth. No significant difference in APGAR scores at 5 minutes and birth weight was observed between the two groups.
Conclusion
Ramadan fasting does not increase the risk of maternal, fetal and early neonatal complications. Most Muslim pregnant women do not recognize their right to be excused from fasting Ramadan by the Islamic religion, and they have a high rate of fasting with very strong desire and happiness.
CORRELATION OF CORONARY CALCIUM SCORE AND ANGIOGRAPHIC FINDINGS IN PATIENTS WITH ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE
Authors: Saeed Dana , Rahim Kawa , Ahmed Ferman 
Published: December 2023

Background
Acute myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death was reported to be the initial presentation in 50% of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD); coronary artery calcium score can be regarded as one of the potential tools to improve risk stratification and predict coronary events in these patients.
Objectives
To find the correlation between coronary calsuim score calculated by CT scan and significant coronary stenosis by conventional coronary angiography.
Materials and Methods
A hundred patients who were referred for conventional coronary angiography having CAC score calculated by CT scan, 50 patients with CAC <400 and 50 patients with >400 were randomly selected to be involved.
Results
The age ranged from 32 to 70 years with a mean of 56.7 ±8.9. There were 59 males with 41 females. Chest pain was our study’s main reason for undergoing imaging (67%). The mean coronary calcium score was 528.54 for total coronary vessels and 19,236.8, 115.45 and 157.98 for LMS, LAD, LCX and RCA, respectively. The mean of the calculated syntax score was 23.4. Stenosis of >50% was 9% for LMS, and stenosis of ≥75% was found in 41%, 27%, and 8% of LAD, LCX and RCA, respectively. A significant correlation between total coronary calcium score at a threshold of 400 and age, being diabetic, LAD stenosis, LCX stenosis, RCA stenosis, mean syntax score and syntax score categories. Also, the mean total coronary calcium score was significantly correlated to age, gender and syntax score. Moreover, the stenosis in LAD, LCX and RCA was significantly correlated to the mean of the calcium score of respective vessels.
Conclusion
Total CAC score was significantly associated with angiographic coronary stenosis, and the correlation is stronger at 400 and above. This study may support using calcium screening as an initial filter before further sophisticated imaging or invasive angiography. However, a zero or low CACS does not exclude CAD.
THE OUTCOME OF SARS-COV2 INFECTION AMONG CHILDREN WITH CANCER IN SULAIMANIYAH PROVINCE, IRAQ
Authors: Abdulla Khanda , Salih Khalid , Rashid Bakir 
Published: December 2023

Background
The most significant and pervasive health issue faced the globe during the last 2years was coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2). Patients diagnosed with childhood cancer may have impaired immune systems due to their illness or therapy, increasing their vulnerability to COVID-19 infection.
Objectives
To determine the outcome of COVID-19 in children with malignancy who received chemotherapy, explain characteristic features, and assess the severity of COVID-19 among haematological vs oncological malignancies
Patients and Methods
This Retro-prospective cohort study was carried out in the Hiwa oncology Hospital in the Sulaimaniyah governorate from November 2021 to February 2022 on 70 children with cancer using PCR to confirm their COVID-19 infection (60 haematological cases and ten oncological cases).
Results
Among the total 70 patients involved in the study, 52.9% were males, 47.1% were females, and their mean age was 8.83 ± 4.3. About sixty-two (90%) cases had haematological malignancies, and 8(10%) had oncological malignancies. The most predominant symptom was fever (82.9%), followed by cough (67.1%). On the other hand, 58 (82.9%) cases had mild disease, and 8 (11.4%) had the moderate disease. Chest x-ray infiltration was found in 12 (17.1%) cases; 14 (20.0%) children needed hospital admission, only 1 (1.4%) case required intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and 6 (8.6%) patients needed O2 therapy. Sixty-seven children recovered from COVID-19, and three children died.
Conclusion
Most children with cancer (CwC) had mild infections and were outpatients with benign outcomes. Haematological malignancies, especially acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), are the commonest malignancies among COVID-19 patients. Most COVID-19 patients were symptomatic, with fever and cough being the predominant symptoms.
PERCEPTION OF MEDICAL STUDENTS AND EXAMINERS TOWARDS OBJECTIVE STRUCTURED CLINICAL EXAMINATION: A FEEDBACK FOR IMPROVEMENT
Authors: Sediq Rozhan , Salih Jamal , Fattah Fattah , Hassan Adnan 
Published: December 2023

Background Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) is globally used in the assessment of the clinical competency of medical students. Nevertheless, OSCE has to be carefully designed and organised to be fair and reliable. Objectives The study aimed to observe the perception of medical students and their examiners towards OSCE. Materials and Methods The survey is a cross-sectional study in which a self-administrative questionnaire was designed and filled by 286 third-year students and 64 examiners of the College of Medicine /University of Sulaimani after the end of phase-1 assessment OSCE of 2020-2021. Ethical approval has been obtained from the university. The study data were collected and analysed by SPSS (23.0). Results The response rate was high among the students and examiners; 95.6% (286/299) and 80% (64/80), respectively. The OSCE reliability test was acceptable (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.78-0.81). The proportions of agreed students to the OSCE fairness, tested skills, and minimising the chance of failing were 42.7%, 51.4%, and 33%, respectively; however, 65.8% found the OSCE very stressful. Although 45% of the students felt dissatisfied with the OSCE instructions, 42-58% and 33-39% agreed with the OSCE organisation and performance, respectively. Among the examiners, the majority perceived that the OSCE was fair, well-organised, and timed. Compared to the conventional method, 79.7% of the examiners thought that OSCE was better in various domain assessments, whereas 60.9% found it exhausting. Conclusion Overall, students’ perception of the OSCE was similarly spread to agree, neutral, and disagree, which was lower than the examiner’s great satisfaction. These results highlighted the necessity of further improvement in future OSCEs.
COPING STRATEGIES AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH PARENTING STYLES
Authors: Hama Rebwar 
Published: December 2023

Background
There is a strong correlation between parenting styles and the outcomes of adults; the most common coping mechanism was a spiritual connection.
Objectives
The present study aimed mainly at finding out the correlation between parenting styles and coping mechanisms and also to find out the most used parenting styles and coping mechanisms among the study sample. The study had a sub-aim of knowing the difference between the parenting styles perceived by the study sample compared with what has been found in the literature around the globe.
Methods
The study used a convenient sample of Koya University students who lived in the dormitories of the university campus. The sample comprised 411 students, 191 males and 220 females. For measuring the different styles of parenting and for measuring the different mechanisms of coping used by the study sample, a coping questionnaire was used. In addition, T-test and Pearson correlation techniques in Statistical Package for Social Sciences were also used to analyze the data frequency percentage.
Results
The study results showed a significant correlation between parenting styles and coping mechanisms; the passivity coping mechanism was positively correlated to the authoritative and permissive mothers’ parenting styles and positively correlated with the authoritative fathers’ parenting style. The population perceived the authoritarian parenting style to be the most used parenting style by both mothers and fathers. The most common coping mechanism among Koya University students was passivity.
Conclusion
The study findings indicated that the most used coping mechanisms by the study sample were passivity coping mechanisms, and the most common parenting style appraised by the study sample was the authoritarian parenting style.
THE WEIGHT-REDUCING EFFECT OF ENDOSCOPICALLY–INSERTED INTRAGASTRIC BALLOONS FOR OBESE PATIENTS FAILED WEIGHT CONTROL WITH LIFESTYLE MODIFICATION AND DRUGS
Authors: Hussein Hiwa , Salim Bakhtyar , Al-Shaikhani Mohammad , Sleman Aziz 
Published: December 2023

Background
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recently approved three intragastric balloons (IGB) devices, ReShape, ORBERA™, and Obalon, for treating obesity. Given the high cost, complication risk, and invasiveness of bariatric surgery, IGB treatment may present a safer and lower-cost option for weight reduction. IGBs are generally placed in the stomach endoscopically for up to 6 months to reduce gastric capacity, enhance feelings of fullness, and induce weight loss. The mechanism of action likely involves stimulation of gastric mechanoreceptors triggering short-acting vagal signals to brain regions implicated in satiety. Balloon efficacy may be influenced by balloon volume, patient gastric capacity, and treatment duration.
Objectives
To evaluate the efficacy, tolerability, and safety of intra-gastric balloons on weight reduction versus obese patients’ failed weight controlled by dietary changes and drugs.
Methods
A retrospective study was performed in Sulaimani City from 2017 to Feb./2018. We included 40 obese patients by the World Health Organization (WHO) definition of BMI≥30. The subjects aged 18-68 years with intra-gastric balloons were inserted by endoscopy for 4-9 months. Anthropometric measurements were obtained before, during and after the removal of intra-gastric balloons.
Results
In total, 40 cases of obese patients, 21 (52.5%) females and 19 (47.5%) males. The mean age was 37.1±11.70years with a range of 18-68 years. BMI and weight significantly reduced early 3-month mean weight 12.78±2.81 Kg, and late 6-month mean weight 9.05±1.89 Kg and around 21 Kgs at removal. Only one patient was the IGB removed early by four months and was not included. Late one year after IGB removal, the long-term effect on BMI and weight were recorded and maintained in most persons.
Conclusion
Intragastric balloon (IGB) was effective in our study. The observed weight reduction was maintained through 1 year after removal & IGB appeared safe and tolerable & satisfactory for most obese subjects.