bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can underwater endoscopic mucosal resection be an alternative to conventional endoscopic mucosal resection for superficial non‐ampullary duodenal epithelial tumors?
Authors: Tanaka Hidenori , Urabe Yuji , Takemoto Hiroki , Ishibashi Kazuki , Konishi Hirona , Matsubara Yuka , Takehara Yudai , Morimoto Shin , Tanino Fumiaki , Yamamoto Noriko , Teshima Hajime , Mizuno Junichi , Hirata Issei , Tamari Hirosato , Tsuboi Akiyoshi , Yamashita Ken , Kotachi Takahiro , Takigawa Hidehiko , Yuge Ryo , Oka Shiro 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectivesUnderwater endoscopic mucosal resection (UEMR) is a simpler procedure for superficial non‐ampullary duodenal epithelial tumors (SNADET) than conventional endoscopic mucosal resection (cEMR). This study aimed to evaluate whether cEMR can be substituted by UEMR for SNADET in terms of effectiveness, safety, and learning curve.MethodsA total of 157 consecutive patients with 203 SNADETs ≤20 mm in diameter, including 107 lesions resected by cEMR and 96 lesions resected by UEMR, between January 2019 and May 2023, were retrospectively recruited. The treatment outcomes were compared between the cEMR and UEMR groups. The risk factors for incomplete resection by UEMR were analyzed using univariate and multivariate analyses. Lesions in the UEMR group were divided chronologically into five periods; thereafter, the en bloc resection rate and procedure time were compared.ResultsNo significant differences existed between the cEMR and UEMR groups in the mean procedure time (3.9 min vs. 3.6 min, p = 0.1380) or en bloc resection rate (91% vs. 94%, p = 0.4138). No perforation was observed in either group. Tumor size was an independent risk factor for incomplete resection using UEMR (p < 0.01). The history of biopsy was not associated with incomplete resection using UEMR. The en bloc resection rate of UEMR was 100% (20/20) in the first period and ranged from 90% to 100% over all periods.ConclusionUEMR is safe and effective for SNADET ≤20 mm, regardless of a history of biopsy, and is easy to learn. Thus, UEMR can serve as an alternative to cEMR.
Management of fraudulent participants in online research: Practical recommendations from a randomized controlled feasibility trial
Authors: Davies Molly R. , Monssen Dina , Sharpe Helen , Allen Karina L. , Simms Beki , Goldsmith Kimberley A. , Byford Sarah , Lawrence Vanessa , Schmidt Ulrike 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveFraudulent participation is an escalating concern for online clinical trials and research studies and can have a significant negative impact on findings. We aim to shed light on the risk and to provide practical recommendations for detecting and managing such instances.MethodsThe FREED‐Mobile (FREED‐M) study is an online, randomized controlled feasibility trial to assess a digital early intervention for young people (aged 16–25) in England or Wales with eating problems. The trial involved baseline (week 0), post‐intervention (week 4), and follow‐up (week 12) surveys, alongside weekly modules provided over 4 weeks on the study website. Study completers were compensated with £20 shopping vouchers. Despite the complexity of the trial design, two instances of fraudulent sign‐ups occurred in January and March 2023. To counter this, we developed a “fraudulent participants protocol” following internal investigations and discussions with collaborators.ResultsThe implementation of prevention measures such as reCAPTCHA updates, IP address review, and changes in reimbursement effectively halted further fraudulent sign‐ups. Our protocol facilitated the systematic identification and withdrawal of suspected or clear fraudsters and was demonstrably robust at distinguishing between fraudsters and genuine responders.DiscussionAll remote, online trials or studies are at risk of fraudulent participation. Drawing from our experience and existing literature, we offer practical recommendations for researchers considering online recruitment and data collection. Vigilance and the integration of deterrents, and data quality checks into the study design from the outset are advised to safeguard research integrity.Public SignificanceFraudulent participation in digital research can have asignificant impact on research findings, potentially leading to biased resultsand misinformed decisions. We developed an effective protocol for theprevention, identification, and management of fraudulent participants. Bysharing our insights and recommendations, we hope to raise awareness of thisissue and provide other researchers with the knowledge and strategies necessaryto safeguard research integrity moving forward.
Effect of a community‐based primary healthcare programme on adverse pregnancy outcomes in Northern Ghana
Authors: Kanmiki Edmund Wedam , Mamun Abdullah A. , Phillips James F. , O’Flaherty Martin J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundPregnancy complications and adverse birth outcomes are among the major contributors to poor maternal and child health. Mothers in remote communities are at higher risk of adverse birth outcomes due to constraints in access to healthcare services. In Ghana, a community‐based primary healthcare programme called the Ghana Essential Health Interventions Programme (GEHIP) was implemented in a rural region to help strengthen primary healthcare delivery and improve maternal and child healthcare services delivery. This study assessed the effect of this programme on adverse pregnancy outcomes.MethodsBaseline and end‐line survey data from reproductive‐aged women from the GEHIP project were used in this analysis. Difference‐in‐differences and logistic regressions were used to examine the impact and equity effect of GEHIP on adverse pregnancy outcomes using household wealth index and maternal educational attainment as equity measures. The analysis involves the comparison of project baseline and end‐line outcomes in intervention and non‐intervention districts.ResultsThe intervention had a significant effect in the reduction of adverse pregnancy outcomes (OR = 0.96, 95% CI:0.93–0.99). Although disadvantaged groups experience larger reductions in adverse pregnancy outcomes, controlling for covariates, there was no statistically significant equity effect of GEHIP on adverse pregnancy outcomes using either the household wealth index (OR = 0.99, 95% CI:0.85–1.16) or maternal educational attainment (OR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.44–1.07) as equity measures.ConclusionGEHIP's community‐based healthcare programme reduced adverse pregnancy outcomes but no effect on relative equity was established. Factoring in approaches for targeting disadvantaged populations in the implementation of community‐based health programs is crucial to ensuring equity in health outcomes.
Systemic Inflammation Response Index as a diagnostic and prognostic predictor of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy: A case–control study from a tertiary center
Authors: İpek Göksun , Tanaçan Atakan , Peker Ayça , Ağaoğlu Zahid , Kara Özgür , Şahin Dilek 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the diagnostic and prognostic value of the Systemic Inflammation Response Index (SIRI) in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP).MethodsThe present case–control study comprised 386 participants, including 192 women with ICP and 194 gestational age‐matched pregnant women. Increased fasting biliary acid (FBA) levels (≥10 μmol/L) were accepted as ICP criteria. SIRI values were calculated for the first trimester (SIRI 1), time of diagnosis (SIRI 2), and time of delivery (SIRI 3). The ICP and control groups were compared based on SIRI values, and on obstetrical and neonatal outcomes. The ICP subgroups based on FBA levels (severe ICP [FBA ≥40 μmol/L] and mild ICP [FBA <40 μmol/L]) were also compared for SIRI and pregnancy outcomes.ResultsAdverse outcomes were significantly higher in the ICP group (P < 0.001). SIRI 2 and SIRI 3 showed negative significant differences between the ICP and control groups, with P values of 0.001 and 0.009, respectively. A significant difference in ICP severity subgroups (P = 0.046) was observed for SIRI 3. In receiver operating characteristics curve analyses, optimal cut‐off values for the prediction of ICP were found to be 2.01 and 2.08 for SIRI 2 and SIRI 3, respectively. A cut‐off value 1.74 was determined to predict the disease severity for SIRI 3.ConclusionSIRI has clinical significance in accordance with the inflammatory etiology of ICP. SIRI might be used with other clinical and laboratory findings for ICP diagnosis and prediction.
Ultrasound‐guided and CT‐guided selective cervical nerve root injection for the treatment of cervical radicular pain: A retrospective clinical study
Authors: Bing Ran , Wenting Li , Rong Chen , Chanchan Song , Xin Deng , Jun Wei 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the clinical effects and safety of ultrasound (US)‐guided selective cervical nerve root injection (SCNI) and computed tomography (CT)‐guided SCNI for patients with cervical radicular pain (CRP).MethodsForty‐two CT‐guided SCNI procedures (26 eligible patients) and forty‐two US‐guided SCNI procedures (25 eligible patients) performed to treat CRP were identified from the medical record system between October 2017 and July 2021 and enrolled in the study. The numeric rating scale was used to assess pre‐ and postprocedural pain levels, and the neck disability index was used to assess the level of function. All immediate and delayed clinical complications were also recorded. The cost of each procedure and the radiation dose of the CT procedure were documented. The follow‐up data were obtained by telephone calls or outpatient visits.ResultsFive patients in the CT group and one patient in the US group were lost to follow‐up at 1 year. No procedure‐related complications were observed in either group. Significant pain relief and cervical function improvement were achieved after treatment in both the CT‐guided SCNI and US‐guided SCNI groups; however, there were no significant differences between the two groups. The average cost per CT‐guided SCNI procedure was 133.2 USD, which was higher than the cost per US‐guided SCNI procedure (42.2 USD). Meanwhile, the necessary radiation dose per patient in the CT group was 0.36 ± 0.08 mGy.ConclusionsUS‐guided SCNI and CT‐guided SCNI have similar efficacy in treating CRP, but US‐guided SCNI is radiation free and less costly than the CT‐guided procedure.
Dentists’ considerations concerning treating patients from the Deaf and Hard of Hearing community: A national survey
Authors: Korleski Michael J. , Stefanac Stephen J. , Inglehart Marita R. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectivesResearch shows that adults who were Deaf or Hard of Hearing (HoH) had poorer oral health than adults who did not belong to this community. The objectives were to assess dentists’ education, knowledge, attitudes, and professional behavior related to treating patients from the Deaf or HoH community and the relationships between these constructs.MethodsA total of 207 members of the American Dental Association and the Michigan Dental Association responded to a mailed or web‐based survey concerning their education, knowledge, attitudes, and professional behavior related to treating patients from the Deaf or HoH community.ResultsOn average, the respondents disagreed that they were well educated in classroom‐based, clinical, or community‐based dental school settings (five‐point answer scale with 1 = disagree strongly; mean = 2.29/2.27/2.35) or by their professional organization (mean = 2.00) about treating Deaf or HoH patients. However, the more recently the respondents had graduated from dental school, the better they described their education about this topic (r = 0.29; p < 0.001). Additionally, 45.9% agreed/strongly agreed that they would like to attend a continuing education course about this topic; 68.9% agreed/agreed strongly that negative consequences for patients’ general health can occur; and 61.1% that patients cannot be well educated about oral hygiene if Deaf or HoH patients do not have appropriate interpretive support in dental offices. The better dentists were educated about this topic, the more knowledge they had (r = 0.50; p < 0.001). On average, the respondents agreed more strongly that they were comfortable treating adult patients who communicated orally than patients using American Sign Language (4.02 vs. 3.25; p < 0.001).ConclusionsThese findings show that efforts are needed to improve dental school and continuing education curricula about dental treatment for Deaf and HoH patients. The more recently the respondents had graduated, the more positively they described their education. Increased dental school and continuing education efforts are still urgently needed.
Shrub encroachment occurs near previously invaded areas in Patagonia (southern South America)
Authors: Romero‐Ovalle Paula Estelí , Campanella María Victoria , Pascual Miguel , García‐Asorey Martín , Pacheco Cristian , Barrionuevo Cristian , Bisigato Alejandro Jorge 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDuring the last century shrub encroachment has occurred in many arid and semiarid areas of the world. Patagonia is a large xeric territory located in the southern tip of South America, which has been grazed by sheep for more than a century. In many areas overgrazing led to vegetation change (shrub encroachment), which in turn reduced sheep carrying capacity and caused ranch abandonment. However, these changes in physiognomy did not occur everywhere, and even some authors did not find evidence that shrub encroachment is currently occurring. Our objectives were to determine if encroachment really happened in NE Patagonia and, in the case of confirming shrub encroachment, to evaluate if the increase in shrub density was spatially homogeneous. We used object‐based image analysis to evaluate shrub density and cover in aerial photographs taken in 1970 and 2018. In both dates, shrub density showed a clear contrast between two kinds of areas showing higher and lower density than was expected by chance. Shrub density and cover more than doubled between 1970 and 2018. This increase was concentrated in those areas with moderate or high densities of shrubs in 1970. Our results confirm the occurrence of shrub encroachment in NE Patagonia and demonstrate that it is currently concentrated near previously invaded areas. These findings have implications when defining protocols for monitoring shrub encroachment since monitors should focus on both areas that already have shrubs and areas that lack them.
Soft Sub‐Structured Multi‐Material Biosensor Hydrogels with Enzymes Retained by Plant Viral Scaffolds
Authors: Grübel Jana , Wendlandt Tim , Urban Daniela , Jauch Corinna O. , Wege Christina , Tovar Günter E. M. , Southan Alexander 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAn all‐soft multi‐material combination consisting of a hydrogel based on poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) coated with spatially defined spots of gelatin methacryloyl (GM) containing selectively addressable viral nanorods is presented, and its basic application as a qualitative biosensor with reporter enzymes displayed on the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) bioscaffolds within the GM is demonstrated. Biologically inert PEG supports are equipped with GM spots serving as biological matrix for enzymes clustered on TMV particles preventing diffusion out of the gel. For this multi‐material combination, i) the PEG‐based hydrogel surface is modified to achieve a clear boundary between coated and non‐coated regions by introducing either isothiouronium or thiol groups. ii) Cross‐linking of the GM spots is studied to achieve anchoring to the hydrogel surface. iii) The enzymes horseradish peroxidase or penicillinase (Pen) are conjugated to TMV and integrated into the GM matrix. In contrast to free enzymes, enzyme‐decorated TMVs persist in GM spots and show sustained enzyme activity as evidenced by specific color reaction after 7 days of washing, and for Pen after 22 months after dry storage. Therefore, the integration of enzyme‐coupled TMV into hydrogel matrices is a promising and versatile approach to obtaining reusable and analyte‐specific sensor components.
A Hierarchical Porous Aerogel Prepared from Conjugated Polymer for Rapid and Effective Removal of Organic Micro‐Pollutants from Water
Authors: Shang Zhikun , Zheng Hongyu , Chen Shiyong , Zhang Xuezheng , Jin Huixian , Ding Yun , Hu Aiguo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWater pollution caused by organic micro‐pollutants is seriously harmful to aquatic ecosystem and human health. In this work, a hierarchical porous aerogel (HPAG) prepared from rigid conjugated polymers is used to remove organic micro‐pollutants from water. Thanks to the hierarchical porous structure and rich π electrons, HPAG showed a fast adsorption rate and high adsorption capacity for adsorbates. The maximum equilibrium adsorption capacity of HPAG for bisphenol A, 1‐naphthylamine, and naphthalene is 60.5, 50.9 and 63.9 mg g−1 at 10 ppm, respectively, and the adsorption behaviors were in accordance with the Freundlich model. HPAG exhibited a high preference in adsorbing organic micro‐pollutants with high hydrophobicity, and the removal efficiency for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons reached over 95%. The HPAG can be easily recycled and regenerated after washing with dichloromethane, and the adsorption performance maintained above 82% after 5 cycles.
Estimates for generalized wave‐type Fourier multipliers on modulation spaces and applications
Authors: Lu Yufeng 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe consider the boundedness of the Fourier multipliers on modulation spaces, where defined on is a positive homogeneous function with degree and is a smooth function satisfying some decay conditions. We prove the boundedness of this kind of Fourier multipliers and obtain its asymptotic estimates as goes to infinity. We remote the restriction in Deng, Ding, and Sun's result in [Nonlinear Anal. 85 (2013), 78–92], and we consider the more general form of this multiplier. As applications, we obtain the grow‐up rate of the solutions for the Cauchy problems for the generalized wave and Klein–Gordon equations, and we obtain the local well‐posedness of nonlinear wave and Klein–Gordon equations in modulation spaces.
Multi‐objective decision trees with fuzzy TOPSIS: Application to refugee resettlement planning
Authors: Cilali Buket , Rocco Claudio M. , Barker Kash 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study combines the use of multi‐objective decision trees (MODT) and a fuzzy TOPSIS approach to cope with sequential decision‐making under uncertainty with multiple conflicting objectives. To this aim, the MODT generates a Pareto‐optimal frontier of solutions for competing objectives, while fuzzy TOPSIS helps assess the noninferior solutions and assign weights to the objectives by considering possible uncertainties in outcomes as well as potential linguistic expression. The proposed approach is illustrated with a temporal decision problem concerning climate‐driven refugee resettlement, taking into consideration the challenges of global warming and system interdependencies in an uncertain context. The fuzzy TOPSIS approach was illustrated using two different procedures, and the procedure based on vector normalisation graphically depicts the fuzzy triangular representation of the final ranking.
Non‐invasive omics analysis delineates molecular changes in water‐only fasting and its sex‐discriminating features in metabolic syndrome patients
Authors: Jiang Yanyu , Tang Zhimei , Zhu Xiaogang , Xiao Biying , Tian Hechuan , Lei Xingxing , Peng Huan , Qin Jun , Zhang Yanmei , Hoffman Robert M. , Hu Xiaorong , Chen Qiu , Ji Guang , Jia Lijun 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFasting has been grown in popularity with multiple potential benefits. However, very few studies dynamically monitor physiological and pathological changes during long‐term fasting using noninvasive methods. In the present study, we recruited 37 individuals with metabolic syndrome to engage in a 5‐day water‐only fasting regimen, and simultaneously captured the molecular alterations through urinary proteomics and metabolomics. Our findings reveal that water‐only fasting significantly mitigated metabolic syndrome‐related risk markers, such as body weight, body mass index, abdominal circumference, blood pressure, and fasting blood glucose levels in metabolic syndrome patients. Indicators of liver and renal function remained within the normal range, with the exception of uric acid. Notably, inflammatory response was inhibited during the water‐only fasting period, as evidenced by a decrease in the human monocyte differentiation antigen CD14. Intriguingly, glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation underwent a sex‐dependent reprogramming throughout the fasting period, whereby males exhibited a greater upregulation of carbohydrate metabolism‐related enzymes than females. This disparity may be attributed to evolutionary pressures. Collectively, our study sheds light on the beneficial physiological effects and novel dynamic molecular features associated with fasting in individuals with metabolic syndrome using noninvasive methods.
The racial wealth gap, financial aid, and college access
Authors: Levine Phillip B. , Ritter Dubravka 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe examine how the racial wealth gap interacts with financial aid in American higher education to generate a disparate impact on college access and outcomes. Retirement savings and home equity are excluded from the formula used to estimate the amount a family can afford to pay. All else equal, omitting those assets mechanically increases the financial aid available to families that hold them. White families are more likely to own those assets and in larger amounts. We document this issue and explore its relationship with observed differences in college attendance, types of institutions attended, degrees attained, and education debt using data from the Survey of Consumer Finances (SCF), the National Postsecondary Student Aid Study (NPSAS), and the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID). We show that this treatment of assets provides an implicit subsidy worth thousands of dollars annually to students from families with above‐median incomes. White students receive larger subsidies relative to Black students and Hispanic students with similar family incomes, and this gap in subsidies is associated with disadvantages in educational advancement and student loan levels. It may explain 10 percent to 15 percent of white students’ advantage in these outcomes relative to Black students and Hispanic students.
Triazabicyclodecene: A versatile catalyst for polymer synthesis
Authors: Kim Jeung Gon , Lee Gue Seon , Lee Anna 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis comprehensive review aims to provide an in‐depth analysis of the catalytic performance of 1,5,7‐triazabicyclo[4,4,0]dec‐5‐ene (TBD) in polymer synthesis. TBD, a well‐established organic superbase, possesses a distinctive bifunctional character that grants it exceptional capabilities, particularly in processes such as transesterification or transamidation. TBD has garnered considerable attention since its initial report by Hedrick and Waymouth in 2006, and it has played a pivotal role in diverse polymerization reactions. Its versatility spans various polymerization modes, including chain‐growth and step‐growth polymerization, post‐polymerization modification, and network thermoset formation. More recently, its utility has extended to the green chemical recycling of polymers. By providing an encompassing overview of TBD's historical journey, this review delves into its past accomplishments while shedding light on its present and future potential to organocatalysts in polymer science.