bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of magnetic resonance‐guided laser interstitial thermal therapy corpus callosum ablation to open microsurgical corpus callosotomy: A single‐center retrospective cohort study
Authors: Phillips H. Westley , Hect Jasmine L. , Harford Emily , Pan Evelyn , Abel Taylor J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveCorpus callosotomy (CC) is an important treatment for atonic seizures in patients with generalized or multifocal drug‐resistant epilepsy (DRE). Traditionally, CC is performed via an open microsurgical approach, but more recently, MR‐guided stereotactic laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) corpus callosum ablation (CCA) has been developed to leverage the safety and minimally invasive nature of LITT. Given the recent adoption of CCA at select centers, how CCA compares to CC is unknown. We aim to compare the clinical seizure outcomes of CCA and CC after extended follow‐up.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study to compare the effectiveness and safety of CC to CCA from 1994 to 2022. The primary outcome was a 50% reduction in target seizure. Secondary outcome measures were postoperative length of stay, adverse events, and other effectiveness metrics. Comparative statistics were executed using Stata. Normality for continuous variables was assessed, and parametric statistics were utilized as needed. Frequency was compared with chi‐squared or Fischer's exact tests, when applicable.ResultsData from 47 operations performed on 36 patients were included in this study, of which 13 (36%) patients underwent 17 CCA. Patients who received CCA had similar rates of meaningful reduction (>50%) of atonic seizures as their CC counterparts (55% vs 70% P = 0.15). Patients undergoing CCA had significantly shorter hospitalizations than those receiving CC (2.5 vs 6.0 days P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in rates of postoperative complications between the groups, although the magnitude of the complication rates was lower in the CCA cohort (12% vs 28%).SignificanceThis early experience suggests CCA has similar outcomes to traditional CC, albeit with a shorter hospital stay. However, future studies are necessary to investigate the noninferiority between these two approaches. Large multicenter studies are necessary to investigate differences in adverse events and whether these findings generalize across other centers.
Use of ketogenic dietary therapy for drug‐resistant epilepsy in early infancy
Authors: Armeno Marisa , Calligaris Silvana , Gagiulo Daniela , Cresta Araceli , Vaccarezza Maria Magdalena , Diez Cecilia Griselda , Alberti Maria Julia , Viollaz Rocio , Vilavedra Francisco , Caraballo Roberto H. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveThere is growing evidence that ketogenic dietary therapy (KDT) can be safely and efficiently used in young children, but little evidence exists on its use in newborns. Developmental and epileptic encephalopathies starting in the neonatal period or early infancy usually present a poor prognosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate effectiveness, safety, and survival of infants younger than 3 months of age with drug‐resistant epilepsy in whom KDT was used.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted to evaluate neonates and infants younger than 3 months who started KDT for drug‐resistant developmental and epileptic encephalopathies at three referral centers. Data were collected on demographic features, time of epilepsy onset, epilepsy syndrome, seizure type, seizure frequency at diet onset, etiology, details regarding diet initiation, type of ketogenic formula, breastfeeding, route of administration, blood ketones, growth, length of NICU stay, and survival.ResultsNineteen infants younger than 12 weeks of life who received KDT with a minimum follow‐up of 1 month were included; 13 had early‐infantile developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, four epilepsy of infancy with migrating focal seizures, and two focal epilepsy. A >50% response was observed in 73.7% at 1 month on the diet; 37% achieved a > 75% seizure reduction, and 10.5% became seizure free. At 3 months, a >50% decrease in seizure frequency was observed in 72.2%; 15.8% had a >75% reduction; 21% became seizure free. Overall survival was 76% at 1 year on diet. Incidence of acute and late adverse effects was low and most adverse effects were asymptomatic and manageable.SignificanceOur experience suggests that KDT is safe and effective in newborns and very young infants; however, further studies on the management of the diet in this vulnerable age group are necessary.
The Effect of Food on Bromfenac, Naproxen Sodium, and Acetaminophen in Postoperative Pain after Orthopedic Surgery
Authors: Forbes James A. , Sandberg Rolf Å. , Bood‐Björklund Lena 
Published: September 2023

Study Objectives. To evaluate the effect of a standard meal on bioavailability of bromfenac, and on the relative analgesic efficacy and adverse effect liability of bromfenac 25 mg, naproxen sodium 550 mg, and acetaminophen 325 mg in the treatment of pain after orthopedic surgery.Design. Randomized, double‐blind, single‐dose, parallel‐group.Setting. Two wards of the orthopedic surgery department at the Central Hospital, Karlstad, Sweden.Patients. Three hundred ten patients with steady, moderate, or severe pain within 72 hours after orthopedic surgery.Interventions. Patients were randomly assigned both to receive a standard meal or remain in a fasted state, and to treatment with a single oral dose of bromfenac 25 mg, naproxen sodium 550 mg, or acetaminophen 325 mg, when they experienced steady, moderate, or severe pain that required an analgesic. Using a self‐rating record, subjects rated their pain and its relief for up to 8 hours after medicating. Blood samples were obtained from all patients using one of two schedules.Measurements and Main Results. The peak plasma bromfenac concentration for fed patients was only 28% of that of fasted patients. Disregarding food intake, bromfenac 25 mg and naproxen sodium 550 mg were significantly superior to acetaminophen 325 mg for all summary measures of analgesia. Bromfenac and naproxen were superior to acetaminophen by hour 1 and this difference persisted for 8 hours. Food reduced bromfenac's analgesic effect, but not that of naproxen or acetaminophen; treatment by meal interaction was significant for five measures of efficacy. Analgesic response for fed bromfenac recipients, compared with those who were fasted, ranged from 37–71%. The percentage of patients reporting an adverse effect was significantly higher for bromfenac (25%) and naproxen (24%) than for acetaminophen (12%).Conclusions. Results of analgesic studies not taking patients' food status into consideration might be misleading. Although bromfenac 25 mg and naproxen sodium 550 mg produced significant analgesia compared with acetaminophen 325 mg, bromfenac's efficacy was significantly reduced when patients ate a standard meal. Adverse effects were transient and consistent with the pharmacologic profiles of the drugs.
Disparities in care and outcomes for adolescent and young adult lymphoma patients
Authors: Rosenthal Allison , Duvall Adam , Kahn Justine , Khan Niloufer 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThough survival outcomes among adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with lymphoma have improved over the last three decades, socially vulnerable populations including non‐White, low‐income, and publicly insured groups continue to trail behind on survival curves. These disparities, while likely the result of both biological and non‐biological factors, can be largely attributed to inequities in care over the full cancer continuum. Nationally representative studies have demonstrated that from diagnosis through therapy and into long‐term survivorship, socially vulnerable AYAs with lymphoma face barriers to care that impact their short and long‐term survival. Thus, improving outcomes for all AYAs with lymphoma requires dedicated study to understand, and then address the unique challenges faced by non‐White and low‐income lymphoma populations within this age group.
High Rates of Positive Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Screening Among Newborns with Severe Intestinal Failure
Authors: Fullerton Brenna S. , Velazco Cristine S. , Hong Charles R. , Carey Alexandra N. , Jaksic Tom 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPurposeSevere combined immunodeficiency (SCID) screening by T‐cell receptor excision circles (TREC) has been part of Massachusetts routine newborn screening since 2009. Tetratricopeptide repeat domain 7A gene (TTC7A) mutations responsible for hereditary multiple intestinal atresia with combined immunodeficiency (MIA‐CID) were also recently identified. We reviewed newborn SCID screening among infants with intestinal failure and correlated results with patient characteristics and outcomes.MethodsRecords of infants with severe intestinal failure and available newborn screen results treated at a single center 2009–2016 were reviewed retrospectively. Patients with 1 or more positive SCID screens (<252 TREC copies/μL) were compared with those without positive screens. TREC copies/μL were compared with population norms.ResultsOf 70 included infants, 34% had newborn screens with TREC <252 copies/μL, compared with 0.3% of the general population; TREC levels for the cohort were lower than the general population (p<0.001). Of those with positive screens, 42% had prior or subsequent negative screening, 8% had no further workup, and 50% had flow cytometry showing: severe T‐cell lymphopenia (absolute CD3+ <1500 cells/mcL) in 8, 3 of whom had TTC7A mutation–associated MIA‐CID. Four had CD3+ >1500 cells/mcL. MIA‐CID patients had the lowest serum citrulline in the cohort; 4 of the 8 patients with CD3+ <1500 cells/mcL on flow cytometry had newborn screening notable for severe hypocitrullinemia (<3 μM).ConclusionInfants with intestinal failure have lower TREC copies/μL than the general population; one‐third had levels concerning for SCID, and 11% were diagnosed with severe T‐cell lymphopenia. The clinical implications and etiology of this phenomenon remain unknown, but may be related to hypocitrullinemia.
Characterization of Fatty Acid Profiles in Infants With Intestinal Failure–Associated Liver Disease
Authors: Baker Meredith A. , Mitchell Paul D. , O'Loughlin Alison A. , Potemkin Alexis K. , Anez‐Bustillos Lorenzo , Dao Duy T. , Fell Gillian L. , Gura Kathleen M. , Puder Mark 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to characterize fatty acid profiles (FAPs) in parenteral nutrition (PN)‐dependent infants with intestinal failure–associated liver disease (IFALD) receiving soybean oil–based lipid emulsion (SO) doses of ∼3 and ∼1 g/kg/d.MethodsProspectively collected data were retrospectively reviewed. Serum FAPs of patients <1 year old who experienced development of IFALD while receiving standard PN with SO were examined before transitioning to a fish oil–based lipid emulsion for IFALD treatment. Time on SO, dose, gestational age, and weight‐ and length‐for‐age z scores were also reviewed.ResultsAmong the 49 patients analyzed, there were no differences in demographics or anthropometrics between patients who received standard SO (SO‐S) (n = 14, range of dosage 2.06–3.31 g/kg/d) and reduced SO (SO‐R) (n = 35, range of dosage 0.90–1.34 g/kg/d). Patients received SO for a median of 53 days (interquartile range 39, 73) before FAP measurement. Patients who received SO‐R had significantly higher Mead acid and lower α‐linolenic, eicosapentaenoic, linoleic, stearic, total ω‐3, and total ω‐6 fatty acid levels than patients who received SO‐S (P < .01). Triene:tetraene ratios were higher in patients who received SO‐R (P = .0009), and no patients experienced biochemical essential fatty acid deficiency (EFAD).ConclusionPN‐dependent infants with IFALD receiving SO‐R have different FAPs than patients receiving SO‐S. No patients in either group had biochemical EFAD.
Matrix solid‐phase dispersion combined with micro‐fractionation bioactivity evaluation screening polymethoxylated flavones from Citrus peels
Authors: Fang Liqun , Wen Mengyi , Zou Yanfang , Chu Chu , Wu Chunyan , Tong Shengqiang 
Published: September 2023

Polymethoxyflavones were a unique class of natural and safe flavonoids containing two or more methoxy groups, which were also the most abundant edible part in Citrus peel. The optimum condition in the process of selective extraction of polymethoxylated flavones from Citrus peel by matrix solid‐phase dispersion (MSPD) was as follows: SBA‐15 as adsorbent, ethyl acetate as eluent, the mass ratio of adsorbent to sample 1:1, and the mixture of sample and adsorbent was ground for 3 min. Twelve antioxidants were successfully screened by micro‐fractionation bioactivity evaluation assay, in which four of them were flavonoid glycosides, seven of them were polymethoxylated flavones, and one was phenylpropanoid. 1‐sinapoly‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (1) was reported for the first time in Citrus peel. And antioxidant capacity of 1‐sinapoly‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside, 5, 7, 8, 3′, 4′, 5′‐hexamethoxyflavone (6), hexamethoxyflavone (11), and 5, 6, 7, 4′‐tetramethoxyflavone (7) were reported for the first time. Nobiletin (compound 8), 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 3′, 4′‐heptamethoxyflavone (9) and tangeretin (10) were isolated and purified by countercurrent chromatography combined with preparative liquid chromatography. Antioxidant activity evaluation indicated that the three isolated polymethoxylated flavones owned similar antioxidant activity. This study indicated that MSPD combined with micro‐fractionation bioactive evaluation was efficient in screening bioactive compounds for rapid extraction and effective pinpointing bioactive substances in natural products.
Chemical Modification of Silk Proteins via Palladium‐Mediated Suzuki−Miyaura Reactions
Authors: Santen Racine M. , Owens Kayla M. , Echague Keith C. , Murphy Amanda R. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSuzuki−Miyaura cross‐coupling reactions are used to modify the tyrosine residues on Bombyx mori silkworm silk proteins using a water‐soluble palladium catalyst. First, model reactions using tyrosine derivatives are screened to determine optimal reaction conditions. For these reactions, a variety of aryl boronic acids, solvents, buffers, and temperature ranges are explored. Qualitative information on the reaction progress is collected via high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), mass spectrometry (MS), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Optimized reactions are then applied to silk proteins. It is demonstrated the ability to modify silk fibroin in solution by first iodinating the tyrosine residues on the protein, and then carrying out Suzuki‐Miyaura reactions with a variety of boronic acid derivatives. Modification of silk is confirmed with NMR, ion‐exchange chromatography (IEC), UV‐vis, and infrared spectroscopy (IR).
Prenatal whole‐exome sequencing in fetuses with increased nuchal translucency
Authors: Cao Chunge , Liu Fang , Yang Yan , Zhang Qing , Huang Junfang , Liu Xinhong 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundIncreased nuchal translucency (NT) is associated with an increased risk for genetic disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the value of whole‐exome sequencing (WES) in detecting genetic abnormalities for fetuses with isolated first‐trimester increased NT.MethodsAfter the exclusion of aneuploidies and pathogenic copy number variants (CNVs) by quantitative fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (QF‐PCR) and chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA), WES was performed on 63 fetuses with isolated first‐trimester increased NT (≥3.5 mm).ResultsOverall, WES yielded a 4.8% (3/63) diagnostic rate for fetuses with isolated increased NT. Pathogenic variants were identified in 37.5% (3/8) fetuses that developed additional structural anomalies later in gestation, and no pathogenic variants were detected in increased NT that resolved or remained isolated throughout the pregnancy.ConclusionThis study provides powerful evidence to offer prenatal WES for increased NT only when additional abnormalities are present. Early detailed ultrasound to detect emerging anomalies can help physicians offer prenatal WES to fetuses with a greater likelihood of diagnosis.
Bidirectional Effect of Triphala on Modulating Gut‐Brain Axis to Improve Cognition in the Murine Model of Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Upadhyay Prabhat , Tyagi Anurag , Agrawal Sakshi , Kumar Anil , Gupta Sarika 
Published: September 2023

ScopeThe emerging role of gut microbiota and their metabolites in the modulation of the gut‐brain axis has received much attention as a new hope for the treatment of hard‐to‐treat chronic neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease. The naturally occurring polyphenols can restore the gut‐brain axis by modulating gut microbiota and brain neurotransmitters. The Indian traditional medicine Triphala, a rich source of polyphenols, has been used on humans based on Prakriti or disease conditions for many years.Methods and resultsIn this study, the dual mode (morning and evening) action of Triphala is used to provide scientific evidence of its superior preventive and therapeutic efficacy in C57BL/6 and 5xFAD, APP/PS1 transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. The study observes that Triphala treatment has significantly improved cognitive function, by modulating the APP pathway, reducing inflammation, and restoring the gut‐brain axis by increasing the gut microbiota phyla of Bacteroides, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, etc., involved in maintaining the gut homeostasis.ConclusionsThe study paves a new path for using dual modes of Triphala alone or in combination to treat incurable AD.
An FDTD method for multiterm modified Lorentz media and comparisons with existing schemes
Authors: Prokopidis Konstantinos P. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) method for modified Lorentz (mLor) media is proposed based on the order reduction of the governing differential equations. The introduced algorithm is verified in the benchmark problem of wave propagation through a thin slab. Several FDTD methods for the modeling of mLor media are also discussed and a numerical dispersion analysis is conducted. Comparisons in terms of accuracy and numerical simulations prove the validity of the schemes for the study of optics and photonic applications.
Quantitative ultrasound techniques for assessing thermal ablation: Measurement of the backscatter coefficient from ex vivo human liver
Authors: Rohfritsch Adrien , Franceschini Emilie , Dupré Aurélien , Melodelima David 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundUnderstanding the changes occurring in biological tissue during thermal ablation is at the heart of many current challenges in both therapy and medical imaging research.PurposeThe objective of this work is to quantitatively interpret the scattering response of human liver samples, before and after thermal ablation. We report acoustic measurements performed involving n = 21 human liver samples. Thermal ablation is achieved at temperatures between 45 and 80°C and quantification of the irreversible changes in acoustic attenuation and Backscattering Coefficient (BSC) is reported, with a particular attention to the latter.MethodsBoth attenuation coefficient and BSCs were measured in the frequency range from 10 to 52 MHz. Scans were performed before heating and after cooling down. Attenuation coefficients were calculated using spectral difference method and BSC estimated using the reference phantom method.ResultsStrong increases of attenuation coefficients and BSCs with heating temperature were observed. Quantitative ultrasonic parameters obtained with the polydisperse structure factor model (poly‐SFM)are compared to histological observations and seen to be close to hepatocyte mean diameter (HMD).ConclusionsThe results presented in this study provide a description of the impact of thermal ablation in human liver tissue on acoustic attenuation and the BSC. For the first time, quantitative agreement between the Effective Scatterer Diameter (ESD) estimated from BSC and HMD was shown, highlighting the important role of cellular network in the scattering response of the medium. This core result is an important step toward the determination of the nature of scattering sources in biological tissues.
Flow augmentation from off-channel storage improves salmonid habitat and survival
Authors: Rossi Gabriel J. , Obedzinski Mariska , Pneh Shelley , Pierce Sarah Nossaman , Boucher William T. , Slaughter Weston M. , Flynn Keane M. , Grantham Theodore E. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Objective
In the western United States, juvenile salmon Oncorhynchus spp. and steelhead O. mykiss are especially vulnerable to streamflow depletion in the dry season. Releasing water from off-channel storage into small streams is a novel restoration strategy to offset impacts from anthropogenic flow alteration on salmonid fishes. To date, no studies have evaluated the ecological effects of small-scale flow augmentations. Here, we quantify the effects of one such augmentation project on habitat connectivity, water quality, invertebrate drift, and juvenile salmonid movement and survival.

Methods
Our study took place in a northern California stream and included an unusually wet summer (2019) and a more typical dry summer (2020). We used categorical and time-series analyses in a before–after, control–impact (BACI) design, along with capture–mark–recapture methods to evaluate the ecological impacts of a 13.9-L/s flow augmentation.

Result
We found that differences in ambient streamflows between the two years mediated the physical and ecological effects of the flow augmentation treatment. In the dry year, habitat connectivity and dissolved oxygen markedly increased at sites over 1.5 km downstream from the point of augmentation, whereas during the wet year, the effects on those variables were negligible. In both years, invertebrate drift marginally increased after augmentation. Interpool movement of wild juvenile steelhead and stocked Coho Salmon O. kisutch increased after augmentation during the dry summer but not during the wet summer. Flow augmentation increased the survival probability for salmonids, with a larger effect during the dry summer (24% higher survival for Coho Salmon and 20% higher survival for steelhead) than during the wet summer (no effect was observed for steelhead survival, and Coho Salmon survival increased by 11%).

Conclusion
This study indicates that appropriately designed small-scale flow augmentations can improve conditions for rearing salmonids in small streams, particularly during dry years. More broadly, it provides empirical evidence that efforts to restore summer streamflow in small, salmon-bearing streams can yield significant ecological benefits.