bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recovery Trajectories in Children Requiring 3 or More Days of Invasive Ventilation
Authors: Maddux Aline B. , Miller Kristen R. , Sierra Yamila L. , Bennett Tellen D. , Watson R. Scott , Spear Matthew , Pyle Laura L. , Mourani Peter M. 
Published: January 2024

OBJECTIVES:
To characterize health-related quality of life (HRQL) and functional recovery trajectories and risk factors for prolonged impairments among critically ill children receiving greater than or equal to 3 days of invasive ventilation.

DESIGN:
Prospective cohort study.

SETTING:
Quaternary children’s hospital PICU.

PATIENTS:
Children without a preexisting tracheostomy who received greater than or equal to 3 days of invasive ventilation, survived hospitalization, and completed greater than or equal to 1 postdischarge data collection.

INTERVENTIONS:
None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
We evaluated 144 children measuring HRQL using proxy-report Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory and functional status using the Functional Status Scale (FSS) reflecting preillness baseline, PICU and hospital discharge, and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after hospital discharge. They had a median age of 5.3 years (interquartile range, 1.1–13.0 yr), 58 (40%) were female, 45 (31%) had a complex chronic condition, and 110 (76%) had normal preillness FSS scores. Respiratory failure etiologies included lung disease (n = 49; 34%), neurologic failure (n = 23; 16%), and septic shock (n = 22; 15%). At 1-month postdischarge, 68 of 122 (56%) reported worsened HRQL and 35 (29%) had a new functional impairment compared with preillness baseline. This improved at 3 months to 54 (46%) and 24 (20%), respectively, and remained stable through the remaining 9 months of follow-up. We used interaction forests to evaluate relative variable importance including pairwise interactions and found that therapy consultation within 3 days of intubation was associated with better HRQL recovery in older patients and those with better preillness physical HRQL. During the postdischarge year, 76 patients (53%) had an emergency department visit or hospitalization, and 62 (43%) newly received physical, occupational, or speech therapy.

CONCLUSIONS:
Impairments in HRQL and functional status as well as health resource use were common among children with acute respiratory failure. Early therapy consultation was a modifiable characteristic associated with shorter duration of worsened HRQL in older patients.
The role of Intravitreal Methotrexate as an Adjunct to Local or Systemic Corticosteroids in Vitrectomy for Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment and Choroidal Detachment: A Pilot Study
Authors: Chahar Annu , Sen Alok , Shukla Dhananjay , Talwar Dinesh 
Published: January 2024

Purpose:
To evaluate the role of repeated intravitreal Methotrexate (IMTX) as an adjunct to pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) in the management of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment with choroidal detachment (RRDCD).

Method:
We compared anatomical and visual outcomes of RRDCD eyes that underwent PPV with (group B) or without repeated IMTX (group A).

Results:
The study included 25 eyes of 25 patients, 16 eyes in group A and nine in Group B. Both groups had similar baseline characteristics. In Group A, successful retinal attachment was achieved in 50% as compared to 89% in Group B, however the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.08). Also, Group B had a significantly greater change in visual acuity from baseline to the last follow-up visit (1.6+1.5 logMAR units) compared to Group A (1.18+1logMAR units) (p=0.05). There were no significant safety concerns with the use of IMTX.

Conclusion:
Repeated IMTX after vitrectomy for RRDCD improves outcomes without posing major safety concerns. Nonetheless, further investigation is necessary to establish the optimal IMTX dosage and duration to prevent recurrence effectively.
Effects of vitamin D supplementation on autoantibodies and thyroid function in patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Tang Jiahao , Shan Shuanghong , Li Fangping , Yun Peng 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) is the prevailing form of autoimmune thyroiditis and the leading cause of hypothyroidism in iodine-sufficient regions worldwide. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of vitamin D supplementation on HT through a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Methods:
The databases searched included PubMed, and others. We included RCTs that the treatment group received vitamin D, while the control group received either a placebo or no treatment. The studies measured the baseline and endpoint levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO-Ab), and thyroglobulin antibody (TG-Ab). We performed a meta-analysis to calculate the standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results:
A total of 12 studies involving 862 individuals were included. Vitamin D supplementation has a significant impact on reducing the titers of TPO-Ab (SMD = −1.084, 95% CI = −1.624 to −0.545) and TG-Ab (SMD = −0.996, 95% CI = −1.579 to −0.413) in patients with HT, and it also improves thyroid function by decreasing TSH level (SMD = −0.167, 95% CI = −0.302 to 0.031) and increasing FT3 (SMD = 0.549, 95% CI = 0.077–1.020) and FT4 (SMD = 0.734, 95% CI = 0.184–1.285) levels. Active vitamin D (calcitriol) significantly reduces the titer of TPO-Ab compared to naive forms of vitamin D (vitamin D2 or D3); treatment durations > 12 weeks result in a more effective reduction of TPO-Ab levels and a more significant increase in FT4 and FT3 levels in patients with HT (meta-regression P < .05).

Conclusion:
Vitamin D supplementation may have beneficial effects on HT patients by modulating immune responses and improving thyroid function.
One-time relieving of frozen shoulder motor dysfunction with pure acupotomy: A case report
Authors: Zhou Kangyan , Xie Xiaolin , Liu Jie , Tao Jing , Liu Qiong , Zhou Nan , Zhou Wenchao , Tao Yinli , Chen Yongliang 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Frozen shoulder (FS) is characterized by shoulder pain and restricted movement of the shoulder joint. While it tends to resolve on its own, it significantly affects an individual quality of daily life. The pure acupotomy technique employs needle-knife manipulation as the sole treatment, without the use of medications, such as steroids or vitamins, and local anesthesia if necessary. It aims to restore soft tissue mechanical balance and circulation through techniques such as cutting and stripping, creating a “gap effect.” This technique can rapidly, safely, and effectively relieve functional impairments in patients with FS. This article presents a case study of the successful treatment of FS using a purely needle-knife technique.

Patient concerns:
The patient, aged 57 years, presented with chronic pain in the right shoulder, which was particularly aggravated at night, and moderate limitations in joint mobility.

Diagnoses:
The patient was diagnosed with periarthritis of the right shoulder (moderate FS, frozen period), type 2 diabetes, and supraspinatus tendinitis of the right shoulder.

Interventions:
Conventional treatments, such as topical analgesics and acupuncture, produced insignificant improvements in symptoms. So, the patient chose acupotomy treatment and signed the treatment consent form.

Outcomes:
After undergoing one minimally invasive acupotomy treatment, the patient experienced immediate restoration of normal shoulder joint mobility and a significant reduction in pain intensity 3 days post-treatment.

Lessons:
We believe that utilizing a purely acupotomy treatment for passive functional impairments in FS not only yields good results but also saves patients time and reduces their financial burden. This is worth promoting extensively in clinical practice.
Impact of Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Final Rule on Organ Procurement Organization Metrics and Procedural Trends in the Procurement of Pancreata for Research
Authors: Miller Jonathan , Wood Nicholas L. , Lyden Grace R. , Zaun David , Van Slyck Sean , Mannon Roslyn B. , Snyder Jon J. 
Published: January 2024

Objective
Pancreata recovered for research are included as a success (or positive) in the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services' (CMS) donation and organ transplantation rate metrics for recertification of organ procurement organizations (OPOs).

Materials and Methods
Given these metrics directly incentivize recovery of pancreata for research, this study tracks trends in recovery of pancreata for research across the implementation of the CMS metrics.

Results
In the 26 months before the December 2, 2020, publication of the CMS metrics, research pancreata as a percent of organs transplanted, including research pancreata, was 1.7% nationally, including as much as 10.8% of organs transplanted within any OPO. In the 26 months after the CMS metrics were published, research pancreata increased to 5.1% of organs counted as transplants nationally, including as much as 20.3% within any OPO. If research pancreata were excluded from the CMS metrics, 6 OPOs would change their CMS evaluation status for recertification purposes: 2 would move up a tier and 4 would move down a tier.

Conclusions
Procurement of research pancreata has increased since the publication of the CMS performance metrics, OPOs vary in their recovery of pancreata for research, and recovery of pancreata for research can affect recertification of OPOs.
Extensive Defect Reconstruction Using Multiple Perforator Propeller Flaps in a Jigsaw Puzzle Approach
Authors: Wang Yiou , Jin Shengyang , Zang Mengqing , Han Tinglu , Zhu Shan , Li Shanshan , Chen Zixiang , Liu Yuanbo 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Reconstruction of extensive defects remains a challenge. The authors report their experience with extensive defect reconstruction using multiple perforator propeller flaps and provide a systematic review of the literature on this approach.

Methods:
This retrospective study included patients who underwent defect reconstruction with multiple perforator propeller flaps from 2014 to 2021. A systematic review was conducted by retrieving studies on reconstructive strategy from PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus published before December 1, 2022.

Results:
Thirty patients underwent defect reconstruction using 65 perforator propeller flaps. The posterior trunk (66.7%) was the most common site of defects. Complete flap survival was achieved in 61 flaps (93.8%). Partial necrosis of 4 flaps in 3 patients and venous congestion of 1 flap resulted in an overall complication rate of 13.3%. One flap experienced distal tip necrosis in 21 patients undergoing posterior trunk or perineal defect reconstruction, leading to an overall complication rate of 4.7%. Other complications were observed during the reconstruction of defects in the lower extremities (1 of 5 patients) and anterior trunk (2 of 4 patients). In the systematic review, 11 articles involving 74 patients were identified. Commonly reported locations of the defects were the perineum (55.4%) and posterior trunk (33.8%). Flap-related complications included venous congestion; no flaps were lost.

Conclusion:
This study on the use of multiple perforator propeller flaps in a jigsaw puzzle approach demonstrated that the method can be used effectively for extensive posterior trunk and perineal defect reconstruction.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Risk, III.
Revisiting Breast Reduction Insurance Coverage: How the Schnur Scale Discriminates against Women Based on Body Habitus
Authors: Ochoa Pablo C. , Salinas Cristina A. , Zheng Eugene E. , Martinez-Jorge Jorys , Harless Christin A. , Vijayasekaran Aparna , Sharaf Basel A. 
Published: January 2024

Background:
The Schnur scale used body surface area (BSA) to determine the amount of breast tissue resection in reduction mammaplasty, resulting in a greater requirement of breast weight removal in patients with larger BSA. The authors aimed to demonstrate BSA variance among women with similar mastectomy weights and the range of mastectomy weights among women with comparable BSAs.

Methods:
A retrospective chart review of patients who underwent mastectomy from October of 2021 to June of 2022 was performed. Patients were included if they underwent skin-sparing or nipple-sparing mastectomy with a minimum specimen weight of 700 g. Patient’s BSA, body mass index (BMI), mastectomy weight, and Schnur weight requirement (SWR) were collected.

Results:
A total of 130 patients (194 breasts) were included. There was significant variance in mean BSA, BMI, SWR, and SWR-to–mastectomy weight ratio among women with similar mastectomy weights. BSA varied by as much as 0.82 units, BMI varied by as much as 32 kg/m2, and SWR varied by as much as 1365 g within the same mastectomy weight group. There was also significant variance in mastectomy weights among women with comparable BSA, especially in BSA groups greater than 2.20, with the greatest range in mastectomy weights being 1684 g.

Conclusions:
Analysis of mastectomy patients showed no predictable relationship between BSA and breast weight. There was significant variance in the BSA of patients with similar breast weights, and conversely in breast weights of patients with comparable BSA. Therefore, strict adherence to the Schnur weight requirement can prevent patients with macromastia from receiving breast reductions.
Social Isolation, Physical Activity, and Subsequent Changes in Cognition Among Middle- and Older-Aged Adults: Results From the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging
Authors: Hopper Shawna , Wister Andrew V. , Cosco Theodore D. , Best John R. 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective
The objectives of this study were to a) evaluate associations between social isolation and change in cognition over a 3-year period, and b) evaluate whether physical activity mediates the association between social isolation and cognition change.

Methods
Using baseline and follow-up 1 data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging, latent change score models, incorporating direct and indirect pathways, were constructed to estimate the indirect effect of social isolation on cognitive change through physical activity. Multigroup models were constructed based on age group (45–65 versus 65+ years) and sex to allow for varying estimates across age and sex. The final analytic sample included 51,338 participants.

Results
Indirect effects of social isolation on cognition through physical activity were evident in men and women 65+ years old for memory change (

= −0.005 [99.9% confidence interval = −0.007 to −0.002], p < .001 in both groups) and in male adults 65+ years old for executive function change (

= −0.01 [99.9% confidence interval = −0.02 to −0.006], p < .001). Statistically significant indirect effects were not observed for adults between 45 and 65 years old.

Conclusions
Social isolation is associated with diminished physical activity, and in turn, diminished physical activity is associated with decline in memory in older women and men, with larger declines in executive function in older men. Public health initiatives to promote physical activity—perhaps incorporating social interaction—among older adults experiencing social isolation could be one way to mitigate the negative impact of social isolation on cognitive health.
Glucocorticoid and Adrenergic Receptor Distribution Across Human Organs and Tissues: A Map for Stress Transduction
Authors: Basarrate Sophia , Monzel Anna S. , Smith Janell L.M. , Marsland Anna L. , Trumpff Caroline , Picard Martin 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective
Psychosocial stress is transduced into disease risk through energy-dependent release of hormones from the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and sympathetic-adrenal-medullary axes. The levels of glucocorticoid and adrenergic hormones, together with the sensitivity of tissues to their signaling, define stress responses. To understand existing pathways responsible for the psychobiological transduction of stressful experiences, we provide a quantitative whole-body map of glucocorticoid and adrenergic receptor (AR) expression.

Methods
We systematically examined gene expression levels for the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), α- and β-ARs (AR-α1B, AR-α2B AR-β2, and AR-β3), across 55 different organs using the Human Protein Atlas and Human Proteome Map datasets. Given that mitochondria produce the energy required to respond to stress, we leveraged the Human Protein Atlas and MitoCarta3.0 data to examine the link between stress hormone receptor density and mitochondrial gene expression. Finally, we tested the functional interplay between GR activation and AR expression in human fibroblast cells.

Results
The GR was expressed ubiquitously across all investigated organ systems, whereas AR subtypes showed lower and more localized expression patterns. Receptor co-regulation, meaning the correlated gene expression of multiple stress hormone receptors, was found between GR and AR-α1B, as well as between AR-α1B and AR-α2B. In cultured human fibroblasts, activating the GR selectively increased AR-β2 and AR-α1B expression. Consistent with the known energetic cost of stress responses, GR and AR expressions were positively associated with the expression of specific mitochondrial pathways.

Conclusions
Our results provide a cartography of GR and AR expression across the human body. Because stress-induced GR and AR signaling triggers energetically expensive cellular pathways involving energy-transforming mitochondria, the tissue-specific expression and co-expression patterns of hormone receptor subtypes may in part determine the resilience or vulnerability of different organ systems.
Impact of Capillary and Sarcolemmal Proximity on Mitochondrial Structure and Energetic Function in Skeletal Muscle
Authors: Parry Hailey A. , Willingham T. Bradley , Giordano Kevin A. , Kim Yuho , Qazi Shureed , Knutson Jay R. , Combs Christian A. , Glancy Brian 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMitochondria within skeletal muscle cells are considered to be located either between the muscle contractile apparatus (interfibrillar mitochondria, IFM) or in large pools beneath the cell membrane (subsarcolemmal mitochondria, SSM), with several structural and functional differences reported between IFM and SSM. However, recent 3D imaging studies suggest that proximity to capillaries embedded in sarcolemmal grooves, rather than proximity to the sarcolemma itself, may drive the accumulation of mitochondria near the cell periphery (paravascular mitochondria, PVM). To evaluate the impact of capillary versus sarcolemmal proximity, we compared the structure and function of skeletal muscle mitochondria located either in large pools lateral to embedded capillaries (PVM), adjacent to the sarcolemma but not in PVM pools (SSM), or interspersed between sarcomeres (IFM). Mitochondrial morphology and interactions were assessed by 3D electron microscopy coupled with machine learning segmentation while mitochondrial energy conversion was assessed by two-photon microscopy of mitochondrial membrane potential, content, calcium, NADH redox and flux in live, intact cells. Structurally, while PVM and SSM were similarly larger than IFM, PVM were more compact and had greater mitochondrial connectivity compared to both IFM and SSM. Functionally, PVM had similar or greater basal NADH flux compared to SSM and IFM, respectively, despite a more oxidized NADH pool and a greater membrane potential, signifying a greater activation of the electron transport chain in PVM. Together, these data indicate proximity to capillaries has a greater impact on mitochondrial energy conversion and distribution in skeletal muscle than the sarcolemma alone.
Perceived risk-based sport spectator segmentation during the pandemic situation
Authors: Kang Taeahn , Yamashita Rei , Matsuoka Hirotaka 
Published: January 2024

PurposeAlthough many attempts to discover key segments of sport spectators have been extant, little segmentation effort has been made to reflect pandemic situations such as the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this research is twofold: (1) to classify sport spectators into key segments based on perceived risks associated with a mass-gathered sporting event during the COVID-19 pandemic and (2) to identify each segment’s profiles.Design/methodology/approachQuestionnaire surveys of spectators attending a Japanese rugby game during the COVID-19 pandemic (January–June 2021) were conducted (n = 1,410). A combination of hierarchical and non-hierarchical clustering methods was executed.FindingsThe results revealed the five-cluster solution as the optimal number of clusters representing the samples (i.e. spectators with extremely low-risk perception, those with low-risk perception, those with moderate-risk perception, those with high-risk perception and those with higher social risk perception). This five-cluster solution showed sufficient stability and validity. Moreover, each segment had different profiles regarding three background aspects – demographics, psychographics and behavioral variables.Originality/valueThis study is the first effort to segment sport spectators based on perceived risks associated with a mass-gathered sporting event in the pandemic situation. Despite extensive segmentation studies to explore sport fans, contribution reflecting the post-crisis situations is scant. Therefore, the findings provide insight into this realm by providing a new viewpoint for understanding sport spectators during a possible future pandemic era.
Determinants of housing prices: evidence from East Coast Malaysia
Authors: Zulkarnain Siti Hafsah , Nawi Abdol Samad , Esquivias Miguel Angel , Husin Anuar 
Published: January 2024

Purpose
The purpose of this study is designed to achieve the learning process in producing studies involving economic issues and scenarios in business management in Malaysia. In addition, this study will provide exposure to the integration of managerial skills by using both microeconomics and macroeconomics concepts and theories to aid decision-making in a business environment.

Design/methodology/approach
The research method comprised qualitative methodology of literature review, case study and quantitative methodology of multiple linear regression (MLR). In this case, seven microeconomics and macroeconomics factors which are believed to significantly affect house price index (HPI) are taken into consideration which includes gross domestic product, consumer price index (CPI), government tax and subsidy on housing, overnight policy rate, unemployment rate (UNEMP), the median income (INC) and cost of production index.

Findings
This research has resulted in three significant factors affecting HPI from MLR, which include CPI, UNEMP and INC where the increase of these factors will cause a high increment of HPI. The other four factors are not significant.

Originality/value
Malaysia has been facing the stagnancy in house market these recent years due to issues such as massive oversupply, impacting Malaysia’s economy specifically focusing on domestic direct investment. To avoid oversupply issues, the vitality of future house demand and pricing forecast should be comprehended by involved bodies for more effective planning for the house development industry. To make a better and bigger impact, this research is intended to analyse the microeconomic and macroeconomic factors affecting the HPI to better understand the significance of each of these factors to the changes of HPI to resolve these economic issues.