bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sustained hydrogen photoproduction by Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: Effects of culture parameters
Authors: Kosourov Sergey , Tsygankov Anatoly , Seibert Michael , Ghirardi Maria L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe green alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, is capable of sustained H2 photoproduction when grown under sulfur‐deprived conditions. This phenomenon is a result of the partial deactivation of photosynthetic O2‐evolution activity in response to sulfur deprivation. At these reduced rates of water‐oxidation, oxidative respiration under continuous illumination can establish an anaerobic environment in the culture. After 10–15 hours of anaerobiosis, sulfur‐deprived algal cells induce a reversible hydrogenase and start to evolve H2 gas in the light. Using a computer‐monitored photobioreactor system, we investigated the behavior of sulfur‐deprived algae and found that: (1) the cultures transition through five consecutive phases: an aerobic phase, an O2‐consumption phase, an anaerobic phase, a H2‐production phase and a termination phase; (2) synchronization of cell division during pre‐growth with 14:10 h light:dark cycles leads to earlier establishment of anaerobiosis in the cultures and to earlier onset of the H2‐production phase; (3) re‐addition of small quantities of sulfate (12.5–50 μM MgSO4, final concentration) to either synchronized or unsynchronized cell suspensions results in an initial increase in culture density, a higher initial specific rate of H2 production, an increase in the length of the H2‐production phase, and an increase in the total amount of H2 produced; and (4) increases in the culture optical density in the presence of 50 μM sulfate result in a decrease in the initial specific rates of H2 production and in an earlier start of the H2‐production phase with unsynchronized cells. We suggest that the effects of sulfur re‐addition on H2 production, up to an optimal concentration, are due to an increase in the residual water‐oxidation activity of the algal cells. We also demonstrate that, in principle, cells synchronized by growth under light:dark cycles can be used in an outdoor H2‐production system without loss of efficiency compared to cultures that up until now have been pre‐grown under continuous light conditions. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 78: 731–740, 2002.
Scale‐up of pseudo solid‐phase enzymatic synthesis of α‐methyl glucoside acrylate
Authors: Li Yanzi , Rethwisch David G. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe successful scale‐up of the enzymatic synthesis of α‐methyl glucoside acrylate from laboratory‐scale (milliliter) to pilot‐scale (liter) was examined. Specifically, Candida antarctica lipase B (Novozym 435) was used as a biocatalyst to produce α‐methyl glucoside acrylate via the transesterification of α‐methyl glucoside (MG) with vinyl acrylate (VA) using acetone as a solvent. This is a pseudo‐solid‐phase synthesis; only a fraction of the α‐methyl glucoside and the product are soluble in acetone. Molecular sieves were used to remove traces of water in the reaction medium and to increase enzyme stability by removing the acetaldehyde by‐product. A general method was also developed to purify and recover the monoacrylate product from unreacted sugar and undesired diester by a simple crystallization and precipitation process. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 79: 15–22, 2002.
Metabolic pre‐conditioning of cultured cells in physiological levels of insulin: Generating resistance to the lipid‐accumulating effects of plasma in hepatocytes
Authors: Chan Christina , Berthiaume François , Washizu Junji , Toner Mehmet , Yarmush Martin L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractUnderstanding the regulation of hepatocyte lipid metabolism is important for several biotechnological applications involving liver cells. During exposure of hepatocytes to plasma, as is the case in extracorporeal bioartificial liver assist devices, it has been reported that hepatic‐specific functions, e.g., albumin and urea synthesis and diazepam removal, are dramatically compromised and hepatocytes progressively accumulate cytoplasmic lipid droplets. We hypothesized that the composition of hepatocyte culture medium significantly affects lipid metabolism during subsequent plasma exposure. Rat hepatocytes were cultured in medium containing either physiological (50 μU/mL) or supra‐physiological (500 mU/mL) insulin levels for 1 week and then exposed to human plasma supplemented with or without amino acids. We found that insulin’s anabolic effects, such as stimulation of triglyceride storage, were carried over from the pre‐conditioning to the plasma exposure period. While hepatocytes cultured in high insulin medium accumulated large quantities of triglycerides during subsequent plasma exposure, culture in low insulin medium largely prevented lipid accumulation. Urea and albumin secretion, as well as the ammonia removal rate, were largely unaffected by insulin but increased with amino acid supplementation. Thus, hepatocyte metabolism during plasma exposure can be modulated by medium pre‐conditioning and supplements added to plasma. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 78: 753–760, 2002.
Kinetics and mass‐transfer phenomena in anaerobic granular sludge
Authors: Gonzalez‐Gil G. , Seghezzo L. , Lettinga G. , Kleerebezem R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe kinetic properties of acetate‐degrading methanogenic granular sludge of different mean diameters were assessed at different up‐flow velocities (Vup). Using this approach, the influence of internal and external mass transfer could be estimated. First, the apparent Monod constant (KS) for each data set was calculated by means of a curve‐fitting procedure. The experimental results revealed that variations in the Vup did not affect the apparent KS‐value, indicating that external mass‐transport resistance normally can be neglected. With regard to the granule size, a clear increase in KS was found at increasing granule diameters. The experimental data were further used to validate a dynamic mathematical biofilm model. The biofilm model was able to describe reaction‐diffusion kinetics in anaerobic granules, using a single value for the effective diffusion coefficient in the granules. This suggests that biogas formation did not influence the diffusion‐rates in the granular biomass. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 73: 125–134, 2001.
Metabolic and kinetic analysis of poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) production by recombinant Escherichia coli
Authors: van Wegen Richard J. , Lee Sang‐Yup , Middelberg Anton P. J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA quantitatively repeatable protocol was developed for poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) production by Escherichia coli XL1‐Blue (pSYL107). Two constant‐glucose fed‐batch fermentations of duration 25 h were carried out in a 5‐L bioreactor, with the measured oxygen volumetric mass‐transfer coefficient (kLa) held constant at 1.1 min−1. All major consumption and production rates were quantified. The intracellular concentration profiles of acetyl‐CoA (300 to 600 μg · g RCM−1) and 3‐hydroxybutyryl‐CoA (20 to 40 μg · g RCM−1) were measured, which is the first time this has been performed for E. coli during PHB production. The kinetics of PHB production were examined and likely ranges were established for polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) enzyme activity and the concentration of pathway metabolites. These measured and estimated values are quite similar to the available literature estimates for the native PHB producer Ralstonia eutropha. Metabolic control analysis performed on the PHB metabolic pathway showed that the PHB flux was highly sensitive to acetyl‐CoA/CoA ratio (response coefficient 0.8), total acetyl‐CoA + CoA concentration (response coefficient 0.7), and pH (response coefficient −1.25). It was less sensitive (response coefficient 0.25) to NADPH/NADP ratio. NADP(H) concentration (NADPH + NADP) had a negligible effect. No single enzyme had a dominant flux control coefficient under the experimental conditions examined (0.6, 0.25, and 0.15 for 3‐ketoacyl‐CoA reductase, PHA synthase, and 3‐ketothiolase, respectively). In conjunction with metabolic flux analysis, kinetic analysis was used to provide a metabolic explanation for the observed fermentation profile. In particular, the rapid onset of PHB production was shown to be caused by oxygen limitation, which initiated a cascade of secondary metabolic events, including cessation of TCA cycle flux and an increase in acetyl‐CoA/CoA ratio. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 74: 70–80, 2001.
Capillary electrophoresis of catecholamines with laser‐induced fluorescence intensified charge‐coupled device detection
Authors: Xiong Shaoxiang , Han Huiwan , Zhao Rui , Chen Yi , Liu Guoquan 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA capillary electrophoresis–laser‐induced fluorescence–intensified charge‐coupled device system was used for the separation and determination of catecholamines. Optimization of derivatization and separation conditions was investigated in order to reach a high separation efficiency and sensitivity. All fluorecein isothiocyanate derivatives of catecholamines were satisfactorily separated within 12 min. The detection limits were in attomole ranges. This method allows determination of catecholamines with high separation efficiencies and sensitivity. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Abbreviations used:

CBQCA

3‐(4‐carboxybenzoyl)‐2‐quinoline carboxaldehyde

CCD

charge‐coupled device

DA

dopamine, E, epinephrine

FITC

fluorescein isothiocyanate

S‐HT

serotoni Lif, laser‐induced fluorescence

NE

noreginephrine.
Synthesis and distribution of glycosaminoglycans in human leukemic B‐ and T‐cells and monocytes studied using specific enzymic treatments and high‐performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Makatsori E. , Karamanos N. K. , Papadogiannakis N. , Hjerpe A. , Anastassiou E. D. , Tsegenidis T. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIdentification of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) synthesized by three human leukaemic cell lines—Jurkat (T‐cell leukaemia), Daudi (Burkitt's lymphoma, B‐cell leukaemia) and THP‐1 (acute monocytic leukemia)—and normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and their distribution among cell membrane and culture medium were studied. GAGs were isolated using ion‐exchange chromatography on DEAE‐Sephacel and their composition and fine chemical structure were studied using high‐performance liquid chromatography with radiochemical detection. All cell lines synthesize chondroitin sulphate (CS) and heparan sulphate (HS) in both cell membrane and culture medium. No hyaluronan was detected using treatment with specific lyases and highly sensitive HPLC methodology. CS is the major secreted GAG in all cell lines tested and the major cell retained GAG in Jurkat and Daudi. HS is the major GAG in the cell membrane of THP‐1. The amounts of distinct GAGs synthesized by all cancer cell lines differ from those produced by normal PBML indicating a major role of GAGs in malignant transformation of human lymphocytes and monocytes. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Abbreviations used:

CS

chondroitin sulphate

GAGs

glycosaminoglycans

HS

heparan sulphate

PBMC

peripheral blood mononuclear cells

PG

proteoglycans PMSF, phenylmethylsulphonyl fluoride
Measuring environmental performance: use of the toxics release inventory (TRI) and other US environmental databases
Authors: Gerde Virginia W. , Logsdon Jeanne M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis article examines the most comprehensive databases that measure US corporate environmental performance that have become available during the 1990s. These include the US Environmental Protection Agency's Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) and databases maintained by Kinder, Lydenberg, Domini, and Co., the Council on Economic Priorities and the Investor Responsibility Research Center. We describe these databases and identify the significant studies on environmental performance in the field of management that use these databases. We indicate three trends that should improve the quality and quantity of publicly available environmental performance data. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
The experience of EMAS in three European countries: a cultural and competitive analysis
Authors: Steger Ulrich , Schindel Claudia , Krapf Helga 
Published: August 2002

AbstractEMAS, the European Eco‐Management and Audit Scheme, has been open for participation for six years now. Looking at registrations per country, a concentration of registrations in northern European countries is evident. The first part of this article investigates potential reasons by applying two popular models. Geert Hofstede's four cultural dimensions are used to explain favourable or unfavourable conditions for EMAS in a country. Michael E. Porter's national diamond is used to investigate determinants for national competitiveness and their influence on environmental management. These two frameworks are applied to Germany as a benchmark and France and Spain as representatives of southern European countries. In the second part of the article conclusions are drawn from this investigation on the influence of national culture, conditions and incentives for EMAS in these countries. Lastly actions for increased participation in EMAS of southern European countries are presented. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. and ERP Environment
Responsible chain management: a capability assessment framework
Authors: de Bakker Frank , Nijhof André 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn recent years, increased attention has been paid to issues of responsibility across the entire product lifecycle. Responsible behaviour of organizations in the product chain is dependent on the actions of other parties such as suppliers and customers. Only through co‐operation and close interaction between the different parties involved is it possible to come to a specified form of responsible chain management. Drawing on stakeholder theory and literature on the resource‐based view of the firm, this article presents a framework for assessing the organizational capabilities of responding to claims from internal and external parties. Interpretations of stakeholder interests, integration into business processes, monitoring these processes, and communication with stakeholders are the central processes in this framework. The application of this framework to three cases of responsible chain management illustrates the functioning of the framework as a tool for assessing organizational capabilities. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. and ERP Environment
Insertion of the tendon of the tibialis anterior muscle in feet with and without hallux valgus
Authors: Brenner Erich 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe insertion of the tendon of the tibialis anterior muscle may be related to pathologic changes of the foot and, in particular, hallux valgus. Morphologic data should enable evaluation of such a relationship and perhaps offer a basis for improved therapy. One hundred fifty‐six embalmed feet, including 27 with hallux valgus, were examined. The tendon of the tibialis anterior muscle was dissected and measurements were made, including the width of the insertion on the first metatarsal and medial cuneiform. Distal‐superficial and proximal‐deep slips of the tendon twisted around each other. Two specimens presented with an insertion only on the medial cuneiform; in two other cases the insertion was limited to the first metatarsal; in one case the tendon inserted into the navicular and the medial cuneiform; in all other cases, the tendon inserted into the medial cuneiform and first metatarsal. The insertion was mainly located along the plantar margin of the medial side of the foot; some of the proximal‐deep fibers also passed onto the plantar surface. Fibers inserting on the first metatarsal bone can outwardly rotate the first ray, which is opposite to the inward rotation of the first ray in hallux valgus. In all feet with hallux valgus these fibers were present. Therefore, it is unlikely that this deformity develops because of a specific type of insertion of the tendon of the tibialis anterior muscle, and any therapeutic approach altering the attachment of the tibialis anterior tendon would cause no biomechanical improvement. Clin. Anat. Month:217–223, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Phrenic paresis—a possible additional spinal cord dysfunction induced by neck manipulation in cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM): A report of two cases with anatomical and clinical considerations
Authors: Parke Wesley W. , Whalen Joseph L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe clinical records of two male subjects with severe cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) who developed respiratory insufficiency after the cervical manipulation involved in preoperative anesthetic intubation were examined. Their cervical imaging was analyzed with respect to the known anatomic relationships of the spinal phrenic nerve nuclei to the spondylotic compressive lesions in an attempt to provide the anatomic and pathologic rationales that may explain this phrenic paresis as a possible traumatic complication of severe CSM. Perusal of extant literature revealed extensive descriptions of CSM symptoms, but none had previously reported an associated neuromuscular weakness of the diaphragm. Magnetic resonance imaging analyses indicated that the existing degree of upper cervical cord compression, when reinforced by the additional posterior and anterior pressures consequent to cervical spinal extension and flexion, could readily account for the functional impairment of phrenic nerve neuron cells and/or their efferent fibers. Thus, the anatomic relations of the phrenic nerve nuclear columns and their efferent tracts predispose them to interference by compressive lesions found in CSM, and undue manipulation of the cervical spine when advanced stenosis is known to be present should be recognized as a possible cause of cervical spondylotic myelopathic–phrenic paresis. Clin. Anat. 1:173–178, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Teaching anatomy with surgeons' tools: Use of the laparoscope in clinical anatomy
Authors: Fitzpatrick Colleen M. , Kolesari Gary L. , Brasel Karen J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to establish the feasibility of laparoscopy in embalmed cadavers to teach abdominal gross anatomy. One cadaver was selected based on body habitus and absence of previous abdominal operations. A standard trocar was used to enter the abdomen at the umbilicus. Two trocars were placed in the left upper quadrant. Pneumoperitoneum was achieved with continuous CO2 pressure. Liver retraction was achieved percutaneously, exposing the porta hepatis and the gallbladder. The dissection was done with four first‐year medical students using standard laparoscopic equipment. Following this, the demonstration was projected over multiple monitors so that all students could participate. Laparoscopic dissection in an embalmed cadaver is feasible and an excellent educational tool for both the medical student and the dissector. The dissector has the opportunity to manipulate laparoscopic tools in a human model closely paralleling operative experience, and the students have an opportunity to learn abdominal anatomy from a clinical perspective. Laparoscopic examination and dissection of fresh cadavers has been used for training surgeons on new procedures such as colon resection, antireflux procedures, and cholecystectomy. There is no report of this same technology used in embalmed cadavers to teach basic anatomy. This approach allows first‐year medical students to learn the anatomy while exposing them to the technology currently used in surgical practice, and it affords surgical residents and students additional opportunities to practice laparoscopic skills. Clin. Anat. 5:349–353, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Changes in professional conceptions of suicide prevention among psychologists: using a conceptual model
Authors: Upanne Maila 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis prospective follow‐up study monitored the evolution of psychologists' conceptions of suicide prevention over the course of their participation in psychological autopsy studies that constituted the first phase of the National Suicide Prevention Project in Finland. Another purpose of the study was to consider the feasibility of an earlier suicide prevention model. Ideas on prevention were compared in two different situations and items were categorized using descriptive and conceptual criteria of prevention. They could be classified into a typology of four categories: care approach, cultural‐educational approach, conditions approach, and critical approach. The follow‐up suggested that the model is a feasible method for analysing conceptions of suicide prevention, and that it was possible to interpret conceptions in a theoretically adequate manner. In addition, ideas could be compared with certain known theoretical models of prevention. The model could thus be used in further research and for practical purposes. Experiences of psychological autopsy studies definitely had an impact on the psychologists' views; conceptions altered towards emphasizing the care approach and individual risk factors. Nonetheless, the overall structure of the prevention paradigm remained multifactorial, stressing multistage influencing. Surprisingly, the priority of acute suicide risk as a preventive target did not increase. Promotive aims remained the most important aim category. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mixing theory with real‐time analysis: a look at an online music distributor
Authors: Vibert Conor 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAlthough in its infancy, the practice of Web‐based analysis is dramatically altering the way corporations approach the discipline of competitive intelligence (CI). The same can be said for the impact of the World Wide Web on business strategy research and instruction. This article outlines an innovative approach to understanding agency theory, and offers the case of MP3.com to illustrate the use of Web‐based online evidence as both a research and teaching tool for experienced and budding analysts. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Transient concentration of a γ‐tubulin‐related protein with a pericentrin‐related protein in the formation of basal bodies and flagella during the differentiation of Naegleria gruberi
Authors: Suh Mi Ra , Han Ji Woong , No Yi Ran , Lee JooHun 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe distribution of two proteins in Naegleria gruberi, N‐γTRP (Naegleria γ‐tubulin‐related protein) and N‐PRP (Naegleria pericentrin‐related protein), was examined during the de novo formation of basal bodies and flagella that occurs during the differentiation of N. gruberi. After the initiation of differentiation, N‐γTRP and N‐PRP began to concentrate at the same site within cells. The percentage of cells with a concentrated region of N‐γTRP and N‐PRP was maximal (68%) at 40 min when the synthesis of tubulin had just started but no assembled microtubules were visible. When concentrated tubulin became visible (60 min), the region of concentrated N‐γTRP and N‐PRP was co‐localized with the tubulin spot and then flagella began to elongate from the region of concentrated tubulin. When cells had elongated flagella, the concentrated N‐γTRP and N‐PRP were translocated to the opposite end of the flagellated cells and disappeared. The transient concentration of N‐γTRP coincided with the transient formation of an F‐actin spot at which N‐γTRP and α‐tubulin mRNA were co‐localized. The concentration of N‐γTRP and formation of the F‐actin spot occurred without the formation of microtubules but were inhibited by cytochalasin D. These observations suggest that the regional concentration of N‐γTRP and N‐PRP is mediated by actin filaments and might provide a site of microtubule nucleation for the assembly of newly synthesized tubulins into basal bodies and flagella. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 52:66–81, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.