bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationships between population size and fitness in four common and four rare alpine plant species
Authors: Inniger Hannah , Prati Daniel , Fischer Markus 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Due to habitat fragmentation and climate change, many plant populations become smaller and more isolated and thus more prone to local extinction. Whereas it is well established for lowland species that plants of small populations have lower individual fitness, alpine species have not been sufficiently studied in this respect. It is also not clear whether relationships between population size and fitness vary between naturally rare and common species. We assessed how population size and rarity affect seed set, seed mass, seed number, total seed mass per fruit, germination, time to germination, offspring survival and offspring size in four congeneric alpine plant species pairs (Androsace chamaejasme Wulfen, A. puberula Jord. & Fourr., Primulaceae; Gentiana acaulis L., G. alpina Vill., Gentianaceae; Potentilla crantzii (Crantz) Fritsch, P. nivea L., Rosaceae; Viola calcarata L., V. lutea Huds., Violaceae). Across all eight species, plants from smaller populations produced fewer seeds and had lower total seed mass per fruit than plants from larger populations. This demonstrates that population size also affects fitness in alpine species. Rare species did not have lower individual fitness than common species. Therefore, naturally rare species might be well adapted to their environment. Relationships between population size and fitness were equally pronounced in rare and common species. We conclude that plant fitness is reduced in small populations in alpine species, also in common species.
Implementing tin-prefiltration in routine clinical CT scans of the lower extremity: impact on radiation dose
Authors: Marth Thomas , Kajdi Georg Wilhelm , Stern Christoph , Sutter Reto 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objectives
Several studies have demonstrated the potential of tin-prefiltration to reduce radiation dose while maintaining diagnostic image quality for musculoskeletal imaging. Still, no study has reported data on the impact of tin-prefiltration on radiation dose reduction for clinical routine scanning.

Materials and methods
Retrospective inclusion of 300 clinically indicated CT scans of the pelvis, knee, and ankle before January 2020 (without tin filter) and after December 2020 (with tin filter). For each joint, 50 examinations with tin-prefiltration and 50 examinations without tin-prefiltration were selected. Dose parameters were extracted, calculated, and compared. Subjective and quantitative parameters for image quality were assessed.

Results
The CTDIvol, DLP, and effective dose were reduced significantly in all tin-prefiltered examinations compared to the non-tin-prefiltered examinations (p < 0.001): CTDIvol was 65% lower in the pelvis, 73% lower in the knee, and 54% lower in the ankle. This reduced the effective dose of 61%, 71%, and 60%, respectively. In absolute numbers, the reduction of the median effective dose delivered in a single CT scan of the pelvis was − 2.29 mSv, − 0.15 mSv for the knee, and − 0.03 mSv for the ankle. No difference in diagnostic image quality, depiction of bone anatomy and soft tissues, and image artifacts was observed (p > 0.05). Subjective and objective image noise was higher in tin-prefiltered pelvis CT (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
The implementation of tin-prefiltration in clinical routine scan protocols significantly reduced the effective radiation dose for unenhanced CT scans of the lower extremities between 60 and 70%.
Movement and sound production in yearling humpback whales: age-class comparisons
Authors: Zeh Julia M. , Lammers Marc O. , Pack Adam A. , Parks Susan E. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The juvenile period is an important stage of growth and development across animals, often consisting of graded stages of physical and social development. For cetaceans, locomotor and social development are key to survival after weaning; individuals require dive capabilities for successful foraging and navigating their aquatic habitat as well as robust acoustic signaling abilities to mediate complex social interactions. Although adult diving and sound production behavior have been studied, little is known about the development of these abilities of juvenile baleen whales. To address this gap in our understanding of baleen whale ontogeny, we used suction cup sound and movement recording tags deployed on 11 humpback whales (3 calves, 5 yearlings, and 3 adults) on their breeding ground in Hawai’i. We recorded deeper and longer dives and shorter intervals at the surface for yearlings compared to calves, suggesting increased aerobic capacity for diving in yearlings. A contact call commonly produced by adults was recorded on yearling tags but not detected from any of the tagged calves, reflecting development in social signaling with age. These data provide an important preliminary understanding of development and differences across age classes. Based on the tag data, yearlings appear to occupy an intermediate state of development, approaching the dive and sound production abilities of adults, and showing evidence of physiological maturation during the first year of life.
The potential impact of the extended vitamin D fortification policy during pregnancy varies by continent of origin - a population-representative Swedish cohort
Authors: Forsby Mathilda , Winkvist Anna , Mooney Ciara , Dangardt Frida , Kindblom Jenny M. , Bärebring Linnea , Augustin Hanna 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
We aimed to explore the potential impact of Sweden’s extended fortification policy, launched in 2018, on vitamin D intake during pregnancy, depending on continent of origin.

Methods
The population-representative GraviD cohort was conducted within the antenatal care in 2013–2014 in Southwestern Sweden. Background data including country of origin were collected through questionnaires. In the third trimester, participants (N = 1761) answered a vitamin D questionnaire which included intakes of margarine, milk, and fermented milk. Reported vitamin D intake in 2013–2014 was compared to simulated vitamin D intake following the 2018 vitamin D fortification policy expansion.

Results
Pre-expansion reported median intake of vitamin D from fortified foods differed by continent of origin (p < 0.001). Pre-expansion intake was highest among participants from Northern Europe (2.4 µg/day) compared to those from Continental Europe (2.0 µg/day, p = 0.002), Asia (1.6 µg/day, p < 0.001), and Africa (2.0 µg/day, p = 0.001). Post-expansion simulated median vitamin D intake from fortified foods was higher among participants from Northern Europe (6.3 µg/day) compared to Asia (5.0 µg/day, p < 0.001) and Africa (5.0 µg/day, p = 0.013). Participants from Continental Europe had the largest change (3.6 µg/day) between pre- and post-expansion, while those born in Asia had the smallest change (2.9 µg/day).

Conclusion
The Swedish fortification policy expansion had a positive potential impact on vitamin D intake during pregnancy, but the effect depended on the continent of origin. The potential impact was smallest for participants from Asia and Africa, indicating that the current Swedish fortification policy is most beneficial for individuals of European origin.
A map-reduce algorithm to find strongly connected components of directed graphs
Authors: Ji Fujun , Jin Jidong 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Online social networks have become ubiquitous platforms, comprising intricately linked structures that reflect complex user interactions. Analyzing the interconnected component structure of these large directed graphs is pivotal for critical applications like viral marketing and contagion prediction. This paper presents a parallel algorithm to efficiently discover strongly connected components in massive social graphs by distributing computation across clustered servers. Our proposed distributed approach conducts localized connected component extraction during the Map phase. The merged aggregation in the Reduce phase then uncovers global maximum interconnected sets spanning the fragmented structures. We employ mathematical induction across Map-Reduce stages to demonstrate the algorithm’s correctness for obtaining exhaustive component enumeration across servers. Implementation and complexity analysis on synthetic benchmark graphs highlight significant efficiency gains, with the algorithm demonstrating near-linear speedup for increasing data-set and cluster sizes. The proposed technique advances the state-of-the-art for extracting strongly connected structures from colossal real-world social networks, enabling actionable insights around influence cascades and contagion pathways underlying these intricate linkage patterns.
The course of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) in hematological patients treated with vincristine, bortezomib, or lenalidomide: the NOVIT study
Authors: Maksten Eva Futtrup , Mørch Carsten Dahl , Jakobsen Lasse Hjort , Kragholm Kristian Hay , Blindum Pernille From , Simonsen Mikkel Runason , Ejskjaer Niels , Dybkær Karen , Gregersen Henrik , Madsen Jakob , El-Galaly Tarec C. , Severinsen Marianne Tang 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
To assess and describe chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN), a well-known complication to cancer treatment, using different methodologies in hematological patients.

Methods
Patients scheduled for treatment with vincristine, bortezomib, or lenalidomide were included in this longitudinal observational study. The patients were examined for CIPN before treatment (baseline), before each chemotherapy cycle, one month after end of treatment, and one year after baseline using patient-reported outcomes (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy/Gynecologic Oncology Group-Ntx-13 (FACT/GOG-Ntx-13)) and clinician-assessed outcomes (the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) and the Total Neuropathy Score-clinical version (TNSc©)).

Results
A total of 23 patients with 171 examination visits were included between 2020 and 2022. Four patients were treated with vincristine, five with bortezomib, and fourteen with bortezomib and lenalidomide combined. Defining CIPN as a ≥ 10% decrease in the FACT/GOG-Ntx-13, 11 patients (47.8%) developed CIPN during treatment and follow-up. CTCAE score for paresthesia increased from baseline throughout treatment until 1 month after the last treatment (p ≤ 0.045). Overall, the highest proportion of CIPN was present at cycle 3–4 and 1 month after last treatment.

Conclusion
This study describes the course of CIPN in patients treated with vincristine, bortezomib, or lenalidomide using both patient-reported and clinician-assessed outcomes. The highest proportion of CIPN was present at cycle 3–4 and 1 month after treatment, at which timepoints clinicians must be especially aware of CIPN.

Trial registration
Registered at Clinicaltrials.gov (Trial Registration Number: NCT04393363) on March 19, 2020.
An increase in micro-vessels beneath the pleural surface on computed tomography as a preoperative predictor of pleural adhesions: a prospective study
Authors: Kawamura Tomoyuki , Kobayashi Naohiro , Yanagihara Takahiro , Goto Yukinobu , Ichimura Hideo , Sato Yukio 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
Pleural adhesions, which may be present in varying degrees and involve blood vessels, often complicate thoracic surgery. The blood flow within pleural adhesions can be identified on computed tomography (CT) as micro-vessels beneath the pleural surface (MVBP). We conducted a prospective study to assess if MVBP can be detected on preoperative CT to predict intraoperative pleural adhesions.

Methods
This prospective study investigated the preoperative CT images of patients scheduled to undergo surgery for lung tumors. MVBP was defined as positive when lung vessels were identified below the pleura on CT. MVBP was evaluated for each lung segment, and intraoperative findings of pleural adhesions on the segments were then recorded.

Results
This study included 173 patients, with 1532 segments evaluated. Pleural adhesions were found in 51 patients and confirmed in 92 segments. The number of segments evaluated preoperatively as MVBP-positive was 134 (9%), of which 36 (26.9%) had pleural adhesions. Multivariable analysis identified that MVBP was an independent significant predictor (odds ratio = 2.29, 95% confidence interval 1.09–4.80, P = 0.028) of pleural adhesions on a per-patient basis.

Conclusions
MVBP is a valuable predictor of pleural adhesions. The method is useful in clinical practice because it does not require additional examinations and is easy to assess.
The normal width of the lateral incisors in the maxilla in an European population
Authors: Artioli Irene , Ndayisaba Aline , Ndayisaba Jean-Pierre , Crismani Adriano Giacomo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objectives
Dental anomalies are clinical alterations that originate during the tooth formation process. This prospective study aims to establish the norm and hypoplasia values for maxillary lateral incisors. Additionally, it aims to describe the relationship between the width of the lateral and the central incisors, considering gender, age, and body height.

Materials and methods
The first 103 consecutive patients meeting the inclusion criteria were included in the study. The upper jaw of each patient was scanned, and the scans were saved as standard tessellation language (STL) files. The upper incisors of each digital cast were measured on the computer. Two examiners performed the same measurements independently.

Results
The average size of the maxillary central incisor was 8.59 ± 0.51 mm, while the average size of the maxillary lateral incisor was 6.64 ± 0.46 mm. A formula describing a relationship between the central (x) and lateral (y) incisors was defined with a linear regression analysis y = 1.88 + 0.55 * x. Width of maxillary incisors [11, 12, 21, 22] increased with height (p = 0.028, p = 0.016, p = 0.016, p = 0.046 respectively).

Conclusions
Hypoplasia of the maxillary lateral incisor can be defined for teeth with a mesiodistal width less than 6.18 mm in a patient that is represented with the test group. A relationship between the maxillary lateral incisors and central incisors could have been established by means of a formula.

Clinical relevance
The width of the maxillary lateral incisors allows a precise orthodontic and prosthetic planning.
Mating system and female mate choice of Enneapterygius etheostoma (Tripterygiidae) in Tateyama, Chiba, Japan
Authors: Weeks Mike I. , Yukishige Sawako , Sunobe Tomoki 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this study, we investigated mating system and mate choice of the triplefin blenny Enneapterygius etheostoma on a rocky reef at Banda, Tateyama Bay, Chiba, Japan, from 21 May to 19 July 2020. The larger males maintained a territory, while the smaller ones joined reproduction as a sneaker. The females visited the territorial males to spawn. The mating success of each territorial male was evaluated by the number of females they spawned with, and eight morphological traits were measured and analyzed to investigate the factors to determine their mating success. There was a significant difference in mating success among the territorial males. However, it was suggested that females choose males regardless of morphological traits and did not always choose the same males. The mating success of territorial males may be determined by chance or mate-choice copying by females.
Homogenized multiscale modelling of an electrically active double poroelastic material representing the myocardium
Authors: Miller Laura , Penta Raimondo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this work, we present the derivation of a novel model for the myocardium that incorporates the underlying poroelastic nature of the material constituents as well as the electrical conductivity. The myocardium has a microstructure consisting of a poroelastic extracellular matrix with embedded poroelastic myocytes, i.e. a double poroelastic material. Due to the sharp length scale separation that exists between the microscale, where the individual myocytes are clearly resolved from the surrounding matrix, and the length of the entire heart muscle, we can apply the asymptotic homogenization technique. The novel PDE model accounts for the difference in the electric potentials, elastic properties as well as the differences in the hydraulic conductivities at different points in the microstructure. The differences in these properties are encoded in the coefficients and are to be computed by solving differential cell problems arising when applying the asymptotic homogenization technique. We present a numerical analysis of the obtained Biot’s modulus, Young’s moduli as well as shears and the effective electrical activity. By investigating the poroelastic and electrical nature of the myocardium in one model, we can understand how the differences in elastic displacements between the extracellular matrix and the myocytes affect mechanotransduction and the influence of disease.
Moderating Effects of Age and Gender on the Relationship Between Pediatric Obsessive–Compulsive Symptoms and Parental Accommodation
Authors: DuBois Megan C. , Realbuto Evan , Flessner Christopher A. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Parental accommodation is a well-established anxiogenic parenting practice that is ubiquitous among parents of youth with obsessive–compulsive symptoms (OCS). Accommodation is associated with heightened symptom severity (i.e., high levels of accommodation reinforce and maintain OCS). The present study sought to evaluate whether child age and gender moderated the relationship between parental accommodation and symptom severity. Participants included parents of children with a broad range of psychiatric disorders, as well as some youth with no psychiatric disorder (N = 61, children ages 7–17). Parents completed questionnaires related to their accommodation practices and their child’s obsessive–compulsive symptoms. Age significantly moderated the relationship between accommodation and symptom severity, such that the relationship was stronger among older children. Gender significantly moderated the relationship between accommodation and symptom severity, such that the relationship was stronger among boys. Additional research is needed to further delineate the impact of age and gender on parental accommodation and OCS.
Generative Artificial Intelligence: Evolving Technology, Growing Societal Impact, and Opportunities for Information Systems Research
Authors: Storey Veda C. , Yue Wei Thoo , Zhao J. Leon , Lukyanenko Roman 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The continuing, explosive developments in generative artificial intelligence (GenAI), built on large language models and related algorithms, has led to much excitement and speculation about the potential impact of this new technology. Claims include artificial intelligence (AI) being poised to revolutionize business and society and dramatically change personal life. However, it is not clear how this technology, with its significantly distinct features from past AI technologies, has transformative potential or how researchers in information systems should react to it. In this paper, we consider the evolving and emerging trends of AI in order to examine its present and predict its future impacts. Many existing papers on GenAI are either too technical for most information systems researchers or lack the depth needed to appreciate the potential impacts of GenAI. We, therefore, attempt to bridge the technical and organizational communities of GenAI from a system-oriented sociotechnical perspective. Specifically, we explore the unique features of GenAI, which are rooted in the continued change from symbolism to connectionism, and the deep systemic and inherent properties of human-AI ecosystems. We retrace the evolution of AI that proceeded the level of adoption, adaption, and use found today, in order to propose future research on various impacts of GenAI in both business and society within the context of information systems research. Our efforts are intended to contribute to the creation of a well-structured research agenda in the information systems community to support innovative strategies and operations enabled by this new wave of AI.
Development of a Microcontroller-Based Recurrent Neural Network Predictive System for Lower Limb Exoskeletons
Authors: Slucock T. , Howells G. , Hoque S. , Sirlantzis K. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Practical deployments of exoskeletons can often be limited by cost, limiting access to their usage by those that would benefit from them. Minimising cost whilst not harming effectiveness is therefore desirable for exoskeleton development. For Control Systems governing assistive and rehabilitative exoskeletons that react to the wearer’s movements, there will inevitably be some delay between when their wearer intends to move and when the exoskeleton can assist with this movement. This can lead to situations where a user may be limited by their own assistive exoskeleton, reducing their ability to move freely. A potential solution to this is to provide a proactive method of control, where the most likely path of the wearer’s movement is predicted ahead of the wearer making the motion themselves. This can be used to give the user assistance immediately as they are walking, as well as potentially pre-emptively adjust their gait if they suffer from predictable gait deficiencies. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the Data Collection, Implementation, and Effectiveness of an LSTM Recurrent Neural Network dynamically predicting future movement based off of prior movement. These methods were developed to use off the shelf, Low-Cost Microcontrollers as to minimise their Financial, Weight, and Power Impact on an overall Low-Cost exoskeleton design, as well as to evaluate how effective such an implementation would be when compared to running such a Neural Network on a more powerful processor. The created model was capable of achieving similar accuracies to far more powerful models on High-Powered Laptops.
The equity and efficiency effects of energy subsidy cost-recovery
Authors: Humes Harry , Farrell Niall 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Energy subsidies, such as renewable energy price supports or energy efficiency subsidies, are commonly recovered via surcharges on energy consumption; either a flat-rate household charge or a surcharge on the price per unit of electricity. This paper compares the equity and efficiency effects of commonly-employed methods by calibrating a social welfare function according to societal preferences for inequality sourced from the empirical literature. When comparing a flat-rate household charge with a surcharge on the price per unit, we find that an electricity price surcharge is welfare maximising in the majority of considered circumstances. It is less regressive, despite the obvious price distortion. We quantify the welfare loss of this price distortion for a 2015/16 Irish case study. Switching from a flat-rate household charge to a price surcharge reduces consumer surplus by an additional 0.7% to 3%, depending on the price elasticity of demand. There is a strong distributional effect. Under likely rates of price elasticity, switching from a flat-rate household charge to a price surcharge results in an annual average welfare gain of €8.31 for households in the first (lowest) quintile of the income distribution, whilst households in the fifth (highest) quintile incur a loss of €11.83. We find that while efficiency grows in relative importance as the magnitude of the subsidy cost increases, equity still outweighs the efficiency loss in many circumstances given likely societal preferences for inequality. Should policy costs be negative, a flat-rate levy is welfare-maximising under all conditions.