bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
5 The Relationship Between Perceived Cognitive Impairment and Various Psychosocial Factors Following Cancer Treatment
Authors: Davelaar Alexia J , Garbanati James 
Published: December 2023

Objective:From diagnosis to remission, a patient’s journey with cancer can be long and tiresome, riddled with many adjustments and challenges. Because the stressors of the disease continue into remission, the battle is far from over when the cancerous cells are eradicated. The stress placed on cancer patients due to the disease and the treatments to control it causes many patients to experience cognitive impairment, also known as cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI). Researchers have long been baffled by CRCI and the mechanisms through which it takes place. Some explanations that have arisen include the cancer treatment, the cancer itself, the psychological distress, or a combination of all three. The objective of this study was to understand the mechanism through which CRCI occurs and what factors, including psychosocial, treatment, and demographic variables, exacerbate or reduce the cognitive symptoms.Participants and Methods:Cancer survivors (n=39) with various types of cancer were recruited from support groups to complete an online survey, which was comprised of a series of self-report measures. These measures included perceived cognitive abilities, psychological distress, fatigue, social support, and demographic and treatment questionnaires.Results:Cognitive reserve (p < .05) and the presence of chemotherapy (p < .01) were the only variables that predicted perceived cognitive impairment. As expected, it was found that the length of time in remission led to lower levels of perceived cognitive impairment (p < .001). However, psychological distress was not found to be a significant predictor of perceived cognitive impairment as hypothesized. Remarkably, psychological distress was found to be a mediator in the relationship between perceived cognitive impairment and fatigue (p < .001).Conclusions:This relationship indicates that how an individual copes with the cognitive impairment following cancer treatments can lead to the development and exacerbation of fatigue. A failure to manage psychological health can lead to the worsening of these secondary symptoms. Further research must examine the link between psychosocial factors as they relate to the subtle effects of CRCI.
20 The Relationship Between Quality of Life, Cognitive Functioning, and Tumor Grade Level in Brain Tumor Patients
Authors: Samples Megan P 
Published: December 2023

Objective:The goal of the current study is to compare QoL between tumor grade levels (i.e., low vs high) as well as the relationship between QoL, cognition, and tumor grade.Participants and Methods:Participants were 156 individuals diagnosed with a brain tumor who completed neuropsychological evaluation within an interdisciplinary brain tumor clinic (mean age=51.67; SD=15.0; mean education=13.98; SD=2.6; 59% male). Independent samples T-Test was utilized to review participants’ reported overall quality of life (QoL) on the FACT-Br in relation to tumor grade level (i.e., high vs low). Linear regression analysis was utilized to determine which cognitive variable may be most predictive of QoL.Results:Results of the Independent T-test demonstrated that low and high tumor grade level groups did not significantly differ in total or individual sub-domain QoL. With regard to the regression analysis, cognitive variables as measured by TMT B, HVLT delayed recall, and FAS accounted for significant variance in quality of life in both low grade and high grade tumor groups (low tumor grade level effect size R2 =0.21; high tumor grade level effect size R2 = 0.19). However, TMT B emerged as a significant predictor of QoL in only the low grade group, while cognitive performance within these same tasks did not significantly predict QoL for the high tumor grade level group.Conclusions:Our findings did not significantly differ in the overall impact tumor grade level (i.e., low vs., high) has on QoL. Notably, cognitive performance on TMT B significantly predicts QoL for the low but not high tumor grade level group.
32 Prediction of Seizure Outcome with Presurgical IAT, MRI, and PET in Patients with Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Undergoing Surgery
Authors: Moncrief Grant G , Aita Stephen L , Lee Jennifer , Jacobson Bryce , Thomas George P , Roth Robert M , Andrew Angeline S , Bujarski Krzysztof A , Thadani Vijay M , Kobylarz Erik J , Guerin Stephen J , Roberts David W , Jobst Barbara C 
Published: December 2023

Objective:Anterior temporal lobectomy is a common surgical approach for medication-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Prior studies have shown inconsistent findings regarding the utility of presurgical intracarotid sodium amobarbital testing (IAT; also known as Wada test) and neuroimaging in predicting postoperative seizure control. In the present study, we evaluated the predictive utility of IAT, as well as structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET), on long-term (3-years) seizure outcome following surgery for TLE.Participants and Methods:Patients consisted of 107 adults (mean age=38.6, SD=12.2; mean education=13.3 years, SD=2.0; female=47.7%; White=100%) with TLE (mean epilepsy duration =23.0 years, SD=15.7; left TLE surgery=50.5%). We examined whether demographic, clinical (side of resection, resection type [selective vs. non-selective], hemisphere of language dominance, epilepsy duration), and presurgical studies (normal vs. abnormal MRI, normal vs. abnormal PET, correctly lateralizing vs. incorrectly lateralizing IAT) were associated with absolute (cross-sectional) seizure outcome (i.e., freedom vs. recurrence) with a series of chi-squared and t-tests. Additionally, we determined whether presurgical evaluations predicted time to seizure recurrence (longitudinal outcome) over a three-year period with univariate Cox regression models, and we compared survival curves with Mantel-Cox (log rank) tests.Results:Demographic and clinical variables (including type [selective vs. whole lobectomy] and side of resection) were not associated with seizure outcome. No associations were found among the presurgical variables. Presurgical MRI was not associated with cross-sectional (OR=1.5, p=.557, 95% CI=0.4-5.7) or longitudinal (HR=1.2, p=.641, 95% CI=0.4-3.9) seizure outcome. Normal PET scan (OR= 4.8, p=.045, 95% CI=1.0-24.3) and IAT incorrectly lateralizing to seizure focus (OR=3.9, p=.018, 95% CI=1.2-12.9) were associated with higher odds of seizure recurrence. Furthermore, normal PET scan (HR=3.6, p=.028, 95% CI =1.0-13.5) and incorrectly lateralized IAT (HR= 2.8, p=.012, 95% CI=1.2-7.0) were presurgical predictors of earlier seizure recurrence within three years of TLE surgery. Log rank tests indicated that survival functions were significantly different between patients with normal vs. abnormal PET and incorrectly vs. correctly lateralizing IAT such that these had seizure relapse five and seven months earlier on average (respectively).Conclusions:Presurgical normal PET scan and incorrectly lateralizing IAT were associated with increased risk of post-surgical seizure recurrence and shorter time-to-seizure relapse.
43 Laterality of Hippocampal Volume Differentially Predicts Verbal Versus Nonverbal Memory Performance
Authors: Dishaw Tess , Hewitt Kelsey C , Dickey Adam , Hu Ranliang , Drane Daniel , Block Cady 
Published: December 2023

Objective:Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease, and surgery is a common treatment option for persons who do not respond to medication. Neuropsychology plays an important role in the epilepsy presurgical workup, characterizing the cognitive functioning of patients with epilepsy as well as assisting in the determination of which hemisphere seizures originate in the brain through testing of different cognitive functions. NeuroQuant is a relatively newer software that analyzes clinical neuroimaging to quantify brain volume. The objective of this study was to determine if changes in left versus right total hippocampal volume predicted changes in verbal versus nonverbal memory performance.Participants and Methods:Cognitive performance and NeuroQuant bilateral hippocampal volume were examined in a cross-sectional sample of 37 patients with epilepsy. All patients had undergone a comprehensive presurgical neuropsychological evaluation as well as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and these results were analyzed using a series of linear regression analyses.Results:Total left hippocampal volume was a significant predictor of delayed verbal free recall (RAVLT F(1, 31) = 4.79, p< .036, RA2 = 0.13, and ß=.37, p<.036). Even when controlling for the effects of biological sex, education, and depression, left hippocampal volume remained a significant predictor (ß=.42, p<.025). Total left hippocampal volume did not predict other verbal memory scores. Total right hippocampal volume was a significant predictor of delayed nonverbal figure recall (RCFT F(1, 31)= 6.46, p<.016), RA2 = .17 and ß=.42) p<.016). When controlling for the effects of biological sex, education, and depression, right hippocampal volume remained a significant predictor (ß=.404, p<.026). Total right hippocampal volume did not predict other nonverbal memory scores.Conclusions:These findings validate prior research demonstrating the importance of the left hippocampus in verbal memory and right hippocampus in nonverbal memory. Findings also demonstrate the clinical utility of neuropsychological evaluation in determining laterality in the epilepsy presurgical workup process, as well as support NeuroQuants’ inclusion as an additional consideration in that process.
53 Healthcare Quality, Race, and Neuropsychological Functioning in Black/African-American Individuals with HIV
Authors: Henderson-Murphy Jasia-Jemay , Alvarez Karen , Aghvinian Maral , Rivera-Mindt Monica , Van Dyk Kathleen , Cherner Mariana , Arentoft Alyssa 
Published: December 2023

Objective:Rates of HIV are disproportionately high among Black individuals in the United States (CDC, 2020). Black individuals are at increased risk for neurocognitive impairment due to HIV (Marquine et al., 2016) and experience health disparities including increased morbidity and mortality (Asari, 2018; Manly et al., 1998). We sought to examine the relationship between perceived quality of healthcare and neuropsychological functioning among people living with HIV (PLWH) who identify as Black compared to those who are non-Black.Participants and Methods:151 PLWH in the Los Angeles area (52% Black, age = 49.85 ± 10.54, education = 13.23 ± 2.11; 87% cisgender men, 8% cisgender women, 1% transgender men, 3% transgender women) completed comprehensive neuropsychological (NP) assessments (from which demographically-corrected domain and global T-scores were derived), psychiatric and sociodemographic interviews, and self-report questionnaires, including a measure of perceived healthcare quality (i.e., QUOTE-HIV). Statistical analyses included chi-square, t-test, ANOVA, and stepwise linear regression.Results:Only 14% of Black PLWH had private healthcare insurance (versus Medicare/Medicaid) compared to 33% of nonBlack PLWH (x2=11.33, p<.01). Black participants were significantly older than nonBlack participants (p<.01), but did not differ on gender, education, income, CD4 count, or HIV viral load. Younger Black participants (based on a median split for age; n = 23) reported the lowest perceived quality of healthcare (i.e., QUOTE-HIV total performance score), while older Black participants (n = 56) reported the highest perceived care (F = 3.80, p = .01), but the same relationship was not observed in nonBlack participants. In a stepwise multivariate regression model, including demographic and virological factors as well as healthcare quality, only household income and overall perceived healthcare quality (i.e., QUOTE-HIV total performance score) were significantly associated with Global NP T-scores among Black PLWH (R2=.12, F(1, 66)=4.46, p=.02).Conclusions:When assessing healthcare quality and healthcare experiences among people living with HIV, race and age are important to consider. Private healthcare coverage may be less accessible to people of color, and in a multivariate model, only income and healthcare quality significantly predicted neuropsychological functioning in Black PLWH. When examining HIV and health outcomes, the complex relationships among quality of healthcare and health disparities, neuropsychological functioning, and structural racism warrant further investigation.
67 Extending Evidence of Validity for Symptom Severity Classification of the PostConcussion Symptom Inventory (PCSI)
Authors: Allen Dean R , Zemek Roger ,   Pediatric Emergency Research Canada (PERC), Gioia Gerard A 
Published: December 2023

Objective:External validation of symptom severity classification levels for the PostConcussion Symptom Inventory (PCSI).Participants and Methods:Two distinct samples of parents and children, ages 8-18, participated from a: (1) prospective multicenter cohort study (Predicting Persistent Post-concussive Problems in Pediatrics, 5P) (Zemek et al., 2016), including parents (n=2,852), adolescents (n=1,087; mean age=15.13; 54% male), and children (n=1,271; mean age=10.70; 65% male) and (2) published clinic sample at Children’s National Hospital (CN) including parents (n=1,197; adolescents, n=835; children, n=326) (Gioia et al., 2019). Participants completed the age-specific Post-Concussion Symptom Inventory (PCSI): Mean time postinjury = 8 hours (5P), 6 days (PCSI2), generating a post-pre-injury difference (RAPID) score. The distribution of the RAPID scores for the Total Symptom and 4 subscales (physical, emotional, cognitive, sleep/fatigue) were examined to define 4 symptom severity classification levels (minimal - within the CI for recovered, low <20th %tile, moderate 21-79th %tile, high >80th %tile) for the respective samples. These severity distributions were compared between the two distinct datasets.Results:ANOVAs were performed to examine group differences in the mean scores for each of the 4 classification levels. No significant differences were found for all the RAPID score distributions with minimal effect sizes (<.1% variance) for the parents, adolescents and children. PCSI RAPID Total Score ranges for the severity classifications were as follows: Minimal-Parent and adolescent groups 5P<=5, Clinic <=5; Children: 5P<=3, Clinic<=3; Low- Parents 5P 6-15, Clinic 6-13; Adolescents 5P 6-19, Clinic 6-16; Children: 5P 4-7, Clinic: 4-7; Moderate-Parents 5P 16-49, Clinic 14-47; Adolescents 5P 20-56, Clinic 17-51; Children 5P 8-17, Clinic: 818; High- Parents: 5P>=50, Clinic >=48; Adolescents 5P >=57, Clinic >=52; Children 5P >=18, Clinic >=19).Conclusions:Our findings reveal a parallel distribution of RAPID scores in the two distinct 5P and Clinic patient populations, yielding nearly identical severity classification level parameters across all five PCSI symptom domains (total score, physical, cognitive, emotional, and sleep/fatigue). The present investigation provides evidence of validity for the use of these severity classification levels across the ED and specialty clinic settings.
95 The Role of Gender in Cognitive Outcomes from Stroke
Authors: Brandt Emma M , Singh Sachinkumar , Bowren Mark , Bhagvathi Amol , Tranel Daniel , Boes Aaron 
Published: December 2023

Objective:Stroke is a prevalent disease and often produces cognitive impairment. Post-stroke cognitive impairment has been associated with challenges returning to interpersonal and occupational activities. Knowing what factors are associated with cognitive impairment post-stroke can be useful for predicting outcomes and guiding rehabilitation strategies. One such factor is gender. Previous research has not led to definitive conclusions as to whether there are gender differences in cognitive outcomes following stroke. This may be because other factors, including age at stroke onset, years of education, premorbid intelligence, and lesion volume, may account for apparent gender differences in cognitive outcomes of stroke. Here, we sought to examine whether there are gender differences in general and specific cognitive functions following stroke, beyond what can be accounted for by age at stroke onset, years of education, premorbid intelligence, and lesion volume.Participants and Methods:Participants were 237 individuals in the chronic epoch (> 3 months) following ischemic stroke. Using multivariate linear regression, we examined gender as a predictor of overall cognitive functioning and specific cognitive functions, while controlling for age at stroke onset, years of education, premorbid intelligence, and lesion volume. To quantify overall cognitive functioning, we used a measure of general cognitive ability (g) and Full Scale IQ score from the WAIS. To quantify specific cognitive functions, we used scores from 16 individual neuropsychological tests.Results:After controlling for demographic and lesion factors, men and women did not show any significant differences in overall cognitive functioning following stroke as measured by g (ß = -0.01, 95% CI: -0.14 - 0.12, p = .887) or Full Scale IQ (ß = -0.01, 95% CI: -2.93 - 2.27, p = .801). There were some significant gender differences on specific cognitive tests after controlling for demographic and lesion factors. Specifically, women performed better than men on the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (ps < .001) and men performed better than women on the WAIS Information subtest (ß = -.65, 95% CI: -0.97 - -0.33, p < .001).Conclusions:Our findings suggest that although men and women have similar overall cognitive functioning after stroke, they show some differences in specific cognitive functions even after accounting for demographic and lesion factors. Namely, women demonstrated better performance on a test of learning while men demonstrated better performance on a test of verbal knowledge/comprehension. This information is important for clinicians as they assess cognitive outcomes in patients post-stroke and plan rehabilitation strategies.
97 Distinct Clinical and Neuroanatomic Factors Associated with Function-based versus Patient-Reported Outcome Measures After Stroke
Authors: DiCarlo Julie A , Jaywant Abhishek , Erler Kimberly , Gochyyev Perman , Ranford Jessica , Cramer Steven C , Lin David J 
Published: December 2023

Objective:Patient-reported outcome measures provide valuable insights into health status after neurologic disease, but their relationships with function-based outcome measures remain incompletely understood. Here we evaluate the relationship between these two classes of measure using dimensionality-reduction techniques in patients after acute stroke and examine their associated patterns of neuroanatomical injury.Participants and Methods:Fifty-four adults with upper extremity motor deficits were serially assessed at four time points after stroke with functional outcome measures (Upper Extremity Fugl-Meyer, Barthel Index, modified Rankin Scale, Box and Blocks, 9- Hole Peg, Grip Strength) as well as patient-reported measures (PROMIS-Global Physical, Mental, and Social Health, Patient Health Questionnaire-9) of health status. At each timepoint after stroke, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were performed to identify and confirm the underlying factorial structure of the entire battery of outcome measures. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to determine the amount of variance explained by clinical and demographic characteristics on extracted factors. Voxel-Based Lesion Symptom Mapping was used to examine the relationship between factors and patterns of neuroanatomical injury.Results:In the battery of stroke outcome measures, two factors were identified and retained, accounting for >78% of the overall variance across outcomes at every timepoint. Function-based measures loaded onto Factor 1 separately from patient-reported measures which loaded onto Factor 2. Results were consistent at each serial timepoint after stroke. Pre-stroke disability (p=0.03) and amount of damage to the corticospinal tract (p=0.001), explained significant variance in performance on Factor 1 (function-based outcomes), whereas education (p=0.01) and socioeconomic status (p=0.04) explained significant variance in performance on Factor 2 (PROMs). While function-based measures were related to injury to subcortical brain regions known to be important for motor function, patient-reported measures were related to injury to cortical brain regions including the insula and inferior parietal lobe, known to be important for affective processing and social cognition.Conclusions:Two distinct factors representing function-based and patient-reported measures of health status were extracted from the study battery of stroke outcome measures scored across the first year post-stroke. Each factor was associated with injury to brain regions concordant with the content of the represented assessments. These findings emphasize the distinct behavioral elements and neuroanatomical underpinnings of function-based and patient-reported outcome measures after stroke and have potential implications for precision rehabilitation.
2 Intentionality of Self-Generated Thought: Contributions of Mind Wandering to Creativity
Authors: Orwig William , Schacter Daniel L 
Published: December 2023

Objective:Studies suggest that internally oriented cognitive processes are central to creativity. Here, we distinguish between intentional and unintentional forms of mind wandering and explore their component contributions to creativity. Furthermore, we describe resting-state connectivity profiles associated with these trait-level measures of mind wandering. Bearing in mind the role of the DMN in internally directed cognitive processes, we hypothesize that, in general, mind wandering will be associated with increased connectivity of voxels in the medial prefrontal and posterior cingulate cortices, key nodes in the DMN. We further hypothesize that intentional and unintentional mind wandering will be associated with distinct patterns of connectivity across DMN core regions.Participants and Methods:We used a sample of 155 healthy adults from the mind-brain-body dataset, all of whom completed resting-state fMRI scans and trait-level measures of mind wandering. We analyzed intentional and unintentional mind wandering tendencies using self-report measures. Next, we explored the relationship between mind wandering tendencies and creativity, as measured by a divergent thinking task. Additionally, we describe patterns of resting-state network connectivity associated with mind wandering, using graph theory (weighted degree) functional connectivity analysis.Results:At the behavioral level, results showed a significant positive association between creativity and both intentional and unintentional mind wandering. Neuroimaging analysis revealed higher weighted degree connectivity associated with both forms of mind wandering, implicating core regions of the default network and the left temporal pole. We observed topological connectivity differences within the default network: intentional mind wandering was associated with degree connectivity in posterior regions, whereas unintentional mind wandering showed greater involvement of prefrontal areas.Conclusions:In this study, we highlight patterns of resting-state network connectivity associated with intentional and unintentional mind wandering, and provide novel evidence of a link between mind wandering and creativity. These findings represent a promising step towards understanding the neurocognitive mechanisms that underlie productive mind wandering and demonstrate its relevance for the study of creative thinking.