bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Defluorinative Asymmetric Allylic Alkylations
Authors: Rodríguez Paula , Duran Jordi , Companyó Xavier , Gisbert Martí 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe introduction of allyl fluorides as alternative electrophiles in asymmetric allylic alkylation reactions has recently attracted significant interest. Despite the intrinsic thermodynamically demanding C–F bond-cleavage event, the fluorophilic nature of the silicon atom is key in assisting the activation and cleavage of the allylic C–F bond. Thus, the use of silylated compounds as unconventional nucleophiles, together with the Lewis basicity of fluorine when acting as a leaving group, enables the development of innovative chemical transformations within mild and selective catalytic schemes. This Synpacts article summarizes the diverse defluorinative asymmetric allylic alkylations with allyl fluorides reported to date under both chiral Lewis base and transition-metal catalysis.
Use of the Direct Standard for Patient Event Notifications: A Qualitative Study Among Industry Leaders
Authors: Thurman Allison K. , Dixon Brian E. , Kibbe David C. , Pan Eric , Feldman Sue S. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background Health care organizations seek to maximize efficiency and effectiveness when sending patient event notifications required by the U.S. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Interoperability and Patient Access Final Rule.
Objectives To identify the barriers for senders (i.e., hospitals) and receivers (Department of Veterans Affairs [VA] and non-VA) of patient event notifications using the Direct Standard, the transport method standard that addresses Direct Messaging (DM).
Methods Questions were asked to better understand perceived barriers to sending and receiving event notifications as well as involvement with event notifications with VA. Open coding was used to identify themes in the transcribed interviews.
Results Analysis of the interviews (n = 17) showed workflow barriers, including identifying a patient's provider, the provider's Direct address, and whether a patient is an enrolled Veteran, were the most common barriers. Next were technical barriers, such as payload and electronic health record ingestion of event notifications. Less common barriers included content, policy/governance, cost, and organizational issues. The interviews also highlighted a promising pilot between VA and an aggregator.
Conclusion Overall, interviewees felt that event notifications are a benefit from a coordination of care perspective for patients and clinical care teams. Also, interviewees felt that DirectTrust's Implementation Guide for Event Notifications via the Direct Standard has helped guide (and perhaps the DirectTrust Directory could help guide) the industry in sending and more effectively receiving event notifications.
Evaluation of Respiratory Support Methods and Characteristics of Pneumothorax in Late Preterm and Term Newborns within the First 48 hours of Life
Authors: Aksır Yeter Yagmur , Ilhan Ozkan , Baska Gulumse Orucoglu , Hakan Nilay 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study aims to evaluate risk factors, respiratory support procedures, and characteristics of pneumothorax in late preterm and term newborns diagnosed with pneumothorax within the first 48 hours of life. The study included late preterm and term newborns diagnosed with pneumothorax within the first 48 hours of life. The neonates diagnosed with pneumothorax within the first 24 hours of life (Group 1) and those diagnosed between 24 and 48 hours (Group 2) were analyzed in terms of risk factors, respiratory support procedures, and characteristics of pneumothorax. Twenty newborns, 11 in Group 1 and 9 in Group 2, with a mean gestational age of 37.9 ± 1.2 weeks and birth weight of 3,133 ± 464 g, were included the study. The resuscitation rate in the delivery room was insignificantly higher in Group 1. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of respiratory support methods (mechanical ventilation [MV], noninvasive ventilation, oxygen) on admission and at the time of diagnosis. The rate of receiving MV during treatment was significantly higher in Group 2 (p = 0.014). Although duration of MV and chest drainage were significantly shorter in Group 1 (p = 0.026 and p = 0.026, respectively), when we considered only survivors (all three deceased newborns died within the first day of life), these durations were still shorter; however, the difference was no longer significant. Pneumothorax should be suspected in late preterm and term newborns with respiratory distress within the first 2 days of life, especially in the presence of risk factors.
Green imperialism, sovereignty, and the quest for national development in the Congo
Authors: Radley Ben 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
This article deploys the term ‘green imperialism’ to denote the specificities of contemporary imperialism within the context of the hoped-for global transition towards low-carbon capitalist economies and societies in the coming decades. The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) provides a modern exemplar of green imperialist dynamics in action. Hegemonic powers are seeking to position the Congolese economy as an exporter of low-cost, low-carbon metals and an open market for the entry of renewable energy finance and technologies. To date, the political response to green imperialism in the DRC has reproduced a model of mining-led national development that historically has delivered little by way of material improvements for most of the population, thus undermining the prospects of prosperity in the country. Albeit this time around there is the possibility of expanded access for some to renewable forms of energy as a foreign-owned private commodity, with all the limitations and contradictions this new model of energy delivery entails.
The motion of a washer on a vertical steel rod
Authors: Xingxing Yao , Gongyu Liu , Hancheng Yang , Ting Xiao , Yuan Zheng 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A washer on a vertical steel rod may start spinning instead of simply sliding down. The forces on the washer are analyzed, and the relationship between the angular velocity of rotation and the angular velocity of precession is obtained. A relationship about the coefficient of friction of the washer is obtained at the condition of rotation without slipping. The influence of the coefficient of friction and the ratio of the inner diameter of the washer to the diameter of the rod on the sliding state was investigated experimentally, and a two-dimensional phase diagram of the rotation without slipping was obtained. The relationship between the three parameters(the nutation angle of the washer, the angular velocity of precession, and the final vertical velocity) and the ratio of the inner diameter of the washer to the diameter of the rod in the condition of rotation without slipping was further investigated. The experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical equations.
A vision sensor for simultaneous imaging and distance sensing in real-time
Authors: Haan Keewoong , Chun Kukjin , Park Byung-Gook , Kim Hyeon Cheol , Kim Bonghwan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A vision sensor for simultaneous imaging and distance sensing is proposed herein. This vision sensor uses two images with a depth of field by two different aperture sizes to extract distance data. The aperture was fabricated through the microelectromechanical systems process. The optical parameter related to making a blur was precisely selected to reduce the active voltage and response time. The aperture measurement result showed that the maximum displacement of 1170 µm was obtained when 12 V was applied which enlarge aperture size from 2.75 mm to 3.92 mm. The response time was 16.6 ms with a rising and falling time of 6.2 and 10.4 ms, respectively. The distance data was obtained using the depth from defocus method, which compares the blurriness of two images using the aperture size. Through deep learning, the image and distance information were simultaneously obtained in a single camera. The result of a three-dimensional depth map showed an average accuracy of 98.7% when sensing the maximum distance of 10 m. To examine the accuracy of the device, experiments were conducted for different colors, and the result showed that maximum and minimum error rates of 3.46% and 1.83% were achieved, respectively. In addition, the error rate according to brightness was investigated, and the average error rate was maintained at 2.64% between 10 000 and 200 lx. The proposed sensor can be installed in self-driving robots, drones, and various smart devices.
Improving thermal conductivity of graphene films with assistance of melamine
Authors: Bi Ziyang , Huang Ruoyu , Lin Tong , Zhu Zhanbo , Zhao Kunlun , Guo Xing , Lin Mingyuan , Zhang Xue-ao , Zhang Yufeng 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Due to the high degree of integration and high-power-density, excessive heat accumulation significantly endangers the performance of electronics. Therefore, developing high-performance thermal interface materials has become particularly vital for ensuring the regular operation of the electronics. Graphene-based materials attract great attention due to graphene’s intrinsic excellent thermal conductivity. However, the internal defects in graphene and the lack of interlayer heat conduction pathways between graphene microsheets dramatically reduce the thermal conductivity of graphene-based materials. Herein, melamine is used to improve the thermal properties of graphene films prepared by thermal reduction of graphene oxide (GO) microsheets. With an addition of 3 wt% of melamine, the in-plane and through-plane thermal conductivities of the graphene films with a thickness of 35 μm reach 1.32 × 103 and 5.09 W m−1 K−1, respectively. This is likely due to the covalent connection of graphene microsheets through amide structure formed by the chemical reaction between melamine and GOs, and the remedy of defects in graphene by nitrogen doping with the assistance of high-temperature annealing. The operation temperature of LED is greatly reduced, when the prepared graphene films is used as thermal interface material, compared to other commercial products. The results provide a promising way to improve the thermal properties of graphene films, which is of great significance for various applications, such as thermal management for high-power-density electronics.
Panning ideal In(Ga)As(P)/InGaP quantum dot structures for intermediate band solar cells
Authors: Weiner E C , Jakomin R , Kawabata R M S , Pinto L D , Archanjo B S , Pires M P , Souza P L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The In(Ga)As(P)/InGaP quantum dot (QD)system has been investigated for QD intermediate band solar cells. In order to obtain optical transition energies compatible with the ideal ones required for the device record performance, namely: 1.95 eV, 1.24 eV and 0.7 eV, first disordered InGaP with a bandgap of 1.91 eV as the barrier material has been obtained. Then InAs QDs nucleated at 490 °C, 1.32 MLs thick, covered by a 3–4 nm GaAs capping layer and In-flushed provided radiation emission in the energy interval between 1.15 eV and 1.35 eV, fully compatible with the ideal 1.24 eV. The 4 nm capped structures have been proven to exhibit a stronger PL emission at 1.24 eV. Nominal InAs QDs suffer a pronounced incorporation of Ga, a consequence of In/Ga intermixing at their capping layer and barrier interfaces. An As/P intermixing also takes place at the quantum dot—barrier interface. The encouraging results herald further improvement of QD intermediate band solar cell’s performance.
Valley filters using graphene blister defects from first principles
Authors: Uemoto Mitsuharu , Nishiura Masaki , Ono Tomoya 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Valleytronics, which makes use of the two valleys in graphenes, attracts considerable attention and a valley filter is expected to be the central component in valleytronics. We propose the application of the graphene valley filter using blister defects to the investigation of the valley-dependent transport properties of the Stone–Wales and blister defects of graphenes by density functional theory calculations. It is found that the intervalley transition from the K valley to the

K

′

valleys is completely suppressed in some defects. Using a large bipartite honeycomb cell (BHC) including several carbon atoms in a cell and replacing atomic orbitals with molecular orbitals in the tight-binding model, we demonstrate analytically and numerically that the symmetry between the A and B sites of the BHC contributes to the suppression of the intervalley transition. In addition, the universal rule for the atomic structures of the blisters suppressing the intervalley transition is derived. Furthermore, by introducing additional carbon atoms to graphenes to form blister defects, we can split the energies of the states at which resonant scattering occurs on the

K

and

K

′

channel electrons. Because of this split, the fully valley-polarized current will be achieved by the local application of a gate voltage.
Temperature dependent structural properties of Mn1.90M0.10O3 (M = Cr and Fe)
Authors: Chandra Mohit , Yadav Satish , Rawat Rajeev , Choudhary R J , Sinha A K , Sagdeo A , Singh M N , Singh Kiran 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The polycrystalline samples of Mn1.90Cr0.10O3 (MCO) and Mn1.90Fe0.10O3 (MFO) have been investigated for their temperature dependent magnetic and structural properties. The Cr and Fe substitutions have significant effect on the magnetic and structural properties of Mn2O3. Like pristine Mn2O3, the Cr and Fe substituted samples MCO and MFO also exhibit two antiferromagnetic transitions; one at ∼77 K, ∼80 K, respectively and another at ∼40 K. Our room temperature synchrotron x-ray powder diffraction (SXRD) results confirm that both the MCO and MFO samples crystallize in cubic symmetry. The temperature dependent SXRD results demonstrate the cubic to orthorhombic structural transition for the studied samples. The pristine Mn2O3 shows cubic to orthorhombic transition around 310 K, whereas this structural transition shifted towards lower temperature side with these substitutions i.e. around 240 K for MCO and 260 K for MFO. Interestingly, the centrosymmetric Pcab to non-centrosymmetric Pca21
change in symmetry is also resolved at the ferroelectric ordering temperature for MCO.
Evaluation of uncertainties in pressure fluctuations measurement on low-head Francis turbine model during part-load operation
Authors: Jhankal Nitin Kumar , Kumar Arun 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Francis turbines are often operated at the part load (PL) conditions to meet the electricity demand while maintaining system stability. During PL operations, the turbine experiences flow instabilities and vortex formation in the draft tube, leading to potential damage to the turbine. This experimental study focused on measuring pressure fluctuations in a model low-head Francis turbine at PL operation, i.e. 70% of rated load condition. Eight pressure sensors were installed at various locations to measure the pressure fluctuations. In-situ calibrations were performed for various measuring instruments used in testing, such as flow meters, pressure transducers, torque transducers, and speed sensors. The uncertainty evaluation for hydraulic turbine efficiency and pressure fluctuations in the draft tube cone was carried out at the PL operations. Quantifying the uncertainty for both Type A and Type B was conducted. The maximum estimated uncertainty for measuring hydraulic turbine model efficiency is ±0.272% and for pressure fluctuations during PL operation is ±1.358%.
New insight into the nano-fluid flow in a channel with tempered fractional operators
Authors: Fenwick Jack , Liu Fawang , Feng Libo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
While studying time fractional fluid flow problems it is typical to consider the Caputo derivative, however, these models have limitations including a singular kernel and an infinite waiting time from a random walk perspective. To help remedy this problem, this paper considers a tempered Caputo derivative, giving the system a finite waiting time. Initially, a fast approximation to a generalised tempered diffusion problem is developed using a sum of exponential approximation. The scheme is then proven to be unconditionally stable and convergent. The convergence properties are also tested on a sample solution. The fast scheme is then applied to a system of coupled tempered equations which describes the concentration, temperature and velocity of a nanofluid under the Boussinesq approximation. The most notable finding is that increasing both the fractional and tempering parameters reduces the heat transfer ability of the nanofluid system.
Effects of cathode loadings and anode protection on the performance of lithium metal batteries
Authors: Carballo Kevin Velasquez , Wang Xin , Benamara Mourad , Meng Xiangbo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
While lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are approaching their energy limits, lithium metal batteries (LMBs) are undergoing intensive investigation for higher energy density. Coupling LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 (NMC811) cathode with lithium (Li) metal anode, the resultant Li||NMC811 LMBs are among the most promising technologies for future transportation electrification, which have the potential to realize an energy density two times higher than that of state-of-the-art LIBs. To maximize their energy density, the Li||NMC811 LMBs are preferred to have their cathode loading as high as possible while their Li anode as thin as possible. To this end, we investigated the effects of different cathode active material loadings (2–14 mg cm−2) on the performance of the Li||NMC811 LMBs. Our study revealed that the cathode loadings have remarkably affected the cell performance, in terms of capacity retention and sustainable capacity. Cells with high cathode loadings are more liable to fade in capacity, due to more severe formation of the CEI and more sluggish ion transport. In this study, we also verified that the protection of the Li anode is significant for achieving better cell performance. In this regard, our newly developed Li-containing glycerol (LiGL) via molecular layer deposition (MLD) is promising to help boost the cell performance, which was controllably deposited on the Li anode.
Sharp bounds on enstrophy growth for viscous scalar conservation laws
Authors: Albritton Dallas , De Nitti Nicola 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We prove sharp bounds on the enstrophy growth in viscous scalar conservation laws. The upper bound is, up to a prefactor, the enstrophy created by the steepest viscous shock admissible by the

L
∞

and total variation bounds and viscosity. This answers a conjecture by Ayala and Protas (2011 Physica D 240 1553–63), based on numerical evidence, for the viscous Burgers equation.
Semi-supervised contrast learning-based segmentation of choroidal vessel in optical coherence tomography images
Authors: Liu Xiaoming , Pan Jingling , Zhang Ying , Li Xiao , Tang Jinshan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Objective. Choroidal vessels account for 85% of all blood vessels in the eye, and the accurate segmentation of choroidal vessels from optical coherence tomography (OCT) images provides important support for the quantitative analysis of choroid-related diseases and the development of treatment plans. Although deep learning-based methods have great potential for segmentation, these methods rely on large amounts of well-labeled data, and the data collection process is both time-consuming and laborious. Approach. In this paper, we propose a novel asymmetric semi-supervised segmentation framework called SSCR, based on a student-teacher model, to segment choroidal vessels in OCT images. The proposed framework enhances the segmentation results with uncertainty-aware self-integration and transformation consistency techniques. Meanwhile, we designed an asymmetric encoder–decoder network called Pyramid Pooling SegFormer (APP-SFR) for choroidal vascular segmentation. The network combines local attention and global attention information to improve the model’s ability to learn complex vascular features. Additionally, we proposed a boundary repair module that enhances boundary confidence by utilizing a repair head to re-predict selected fuzzy points and further refines the segmentation boundary. Main results. We conducted extensive experiments on three different datasets: the ChorVessel dataset with 400 OCT images, the Meibomian Glands (MG) dataset with 400 images, and the U2OS Cell Nucleus Dataset with 200 images. The proposed method achieved an average Dice score of 74.23% on the ChorVessel dataset, which is 2.95% higher than the fully supervised network (U-Net) and outperformed other comparison methods. In both the MG dataset and the U2OS cell nucleus dataset, our proposed SSCR method achieved average Dice scores of 80.10% and 87.26%, respectively. Significance. The experimental results show that our proposed methods achieve better segmentation accuracy than other state-of-the-art methods. The method is designed to help clinicians make rapid diagnoses of ophthalmic diseases and has potential for clinical application.
Feature selection based on unsupervised clustering evaluation for predicting neoadjuvant chemoradiation response for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer
Authors: Chen Hao , Li Xing , Pan Xiaoying , Qiang Yongqian , Qi X Sharon 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Accurate response prediction allows for personalized cancer treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) with neoadjuvant chemoradiation. In this work, we designed a convolutional neural network (CNN) feature extractor with switchable 3D and 2D convolutional kernels to extract deep learning features for response prediction. Compared with radiomics features, convolutional kernels may adaptively extract local or global image features from multi-modal MR sequences without the need of feature predefinition. We then developed an unsupervised clustering based evaluation method to improve the feature selection operation in the feature space formed by the combination of CNN features and radiomics features. While normal process of feature selection generally includes the operations of classifier training and classification execution, the process needs to be repeated many times after new feature combinations were found to evaluate the model performance, which incurs a significant time cost. To address this issue, we proposed a cost effective process to use a constructed unsupervised clustering analysis indicator to replace the classifier training process by indirectly evaluating the quality of new found feature combinations in feature selection process. We evaluated the proposed method using 43 LARC patients underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiation. Our prediction model achieved accuracy, area-under-curve (AUC), sensitivity and specificity of 0.852, 0.871, 0.868, and 0.735 respectively. Compared with traditional radiomics methods, the prediction models (AUC = 0.846) based on deep learning-based feature sets are significantly better than traditional radiomics methods (AUC = 0.714). The experiments also showed following findings: (1) the features with higher predictive power are mainly from high-order abstract features extracted by CNN on ADC images and T2 images; (2) both ADC_Radiomics and ADC_CNN features are more advantageous for predicting treatment responses than the radiomics and CNN features extracted from T2 images; (3) 3D CNN features are more effective than 2D CNN features in the treatment response prediction. The proposed unsupervised clustering indicator is feasible with low computational cost, which facilitates the discovery of valuable solutions by highlighting the correlation and complementarity between different types of features.