bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Moisture Content and Sensory Properties of Colored and Non-Colored Fish (Silver Carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) Noodles during Storage
Authors: Shikha Fatema Hoque , Jahan Mst. Prianka , Hossain Md. Ismail , Shema Samsun Nahar , Hasan Muhammad Mehedi , Binti NafisTasneem 
Published: November 2023

The study was done to evaluate moisture content and sensory properties of colored and non-colored noodles incorporated with different amount of fish (Silver carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) mince during storage at room temperature (30-35○C) in two types of packaging conditions (sealed polyethylene packet and vacuum sealed packet). In addition, proximate composition, cooking time, and water absorption capacity were also investigated at initial stage. Boiled fish mince was incorporated with wheat flour and spices to prepare eight different samples namely CN (without fish mince, colorless), CC (without fish mince, colored), S1N (25% fish mince, colorless), S1C (25% fish mince, colored) S2N (30% fish mince, colorless), S2C (30% fish mince, colored) and S3N (35% fish mince, colorless) and S3C (35% fish mince, colored). No significant change in the moisture content of colored and non-colored fish noodles was found but moisture, protein, and fat content rose significantly with the increment of added amount of fish mince in the noodles. A significant decreasing trend was observed in the moisture content of the samples stored in sealed polyethylene packets during the 305 days of storage period whereas the moisture content of all the samples packed in vacuum sealed packets witnessed a non-significant change for the storage of 360 days. The color, flavor and texture of the products were acceptable up to 305 days in sealed polyethylene packets and 360 days in vacuum sealed packets. Food color had no remarkable effect on proximate composition, cooking time, water absorption capacity, and sensory characteristics of prepared noodles. Colorless noodles containing 35% fish mince was preferred by the panelists. So, both colored and non-colored fish noodles prepared with fish mince (up to 35%) can be stored at room temperature (30-35○C) in both sealed polyethylene packets and vacuum sealed packets for at least 10 months with acceptable moisture content and sensory properties. Vacuum sealed packaging provided the products with better protection against moisture loss throughout the storage period.
Strome, the castle of Loch Carron
Authors: Petre James Scott 
Published: November 2023

Few major castles of the western seaboard of the Highlands and Islands have received less attention than Strome on Loch Carron. This essay attempts to rectify this by looking at its history through pursuing certain themes, under subheadings. It begins by examining the castle’s importance, looking at its location and function in which symbolism and, most probably, economics played essential parts. The article then provides a record of who held the castle from 1472, the year it is first mentioned in written sources. It shows that there were times when its traditional owners, the MacDonalds, sometimes had legal title but continued, as far as can be inferred, in occupation, either directly or through constables, during periods when the castle had been sequestrated by the crown or granted to others. This reflects that the crown and its lieutenants saw Strome to be a powerful base which, in recalcitrant hands, had to be neutralised. At the same time, it shows the value placed upon it by the MacDonalds, first of Lochalsh and later of Glengarry. The analysis then moves to the castle’s military role, first by looking at its place in the MacDonalds’ strategy to retain control of their lands in these western areas of the earldom of Ross, then moving on to its more immediate place in warfare when it was attacked. It concludes with the confrontation with the Mackenzies of Kintail, when, despite a tenacious defence, the MacDonalds were compelled to cede the castle at the end of the 16th century. That it was not then simply taken over by the Mackenzies is significant: the castle and MacDonald hegemony of Lochcarron had come to be inseparable. Its destruction was a Mackenzie imperative and so they blew up part of it with gunpowder.
Canmore ID 99579
A curious account of ancient Egyptian Treasure Trove in Scotland
Authors: Goring Elizabeth , Maitland Margaret 
Published: November 2023

An ancient Egyptian object buried in the grounds of a historic house near Monimail in Fife was found by chance in 1952 and acquired at the time by the then Royal Scottish Museum (now National Museums Scotland). A second object from the same location appeared by chance in 1966 and was shown to the Museum but not accessioned. The revelation of a third object in 1984 prompted an investigation that produced clear evidence there had once been a larger collection of Egyptian antiquities at Melville House. This paper offers the first published account of how these events unfolded and discusses the possible origins of the collection through a visit to Egypt by members of the Leslie-Melville family in 1856–7. The third object and the finds made in 1984 during the investigation were claimed by the Crown as Treasure Trove and all are now in the collections of National Museums Scotland. They are apparently the only ancient Egyptian items to have been declared as Treasure Trove in Scotland. A catalogue of these objects, along with the original find, is provided. The main text of the paper is by Elizabeth Goring with additional comments by Margaret Maitland; the catalogue is by Margaret Maitland.
Canmore ID 30153
Parental Income Level and Risk of Developing Type 2 Diabetes in Youth
Authors: Yen Fu-Shun , Wei James Cheng Chung , Liu Jia-Sin , Hwu Chii-Min , Hsu Chih-Cheng 
Published: November 2023

ImportanceIn recent years, the global incidence of type 2 diabetes in young people has increased, especially among minoritized, Indigenous, or financially disadvantaged populations. However, few studies have examined whether poverty is associated with increased risk of youth-onset type 2 diabetes.ObjectiveTo examine the association of family income level with the risk of youth-onset type 2 diabetes.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis nationwide, population-based retrospective cohort study used data from the 2008 National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan, with follow-up through December 31, 2019. Participants included children and adolescents aged 0 to 19 years. Data analysis was performed from June 9, 2022, to January 16, 2023.ExposuresFamily income, classified as very low, low, middle, and high.Main Outcomes and MeasuresCox proportional hazards models were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) for the risks of youth-onset type 2 diabetes and all-cause mortality for all income groups vs the high-income group.ResultsThe cohort included a total of 5 182 893 children and adolescents (mean [SD] age, 11.2 [5.2] years; 2 477 807 girls [48.3%]). The mean (SD) follow-up duration was 9.0 (0.3) years. The incidence rates of youth-onset type 2 diabetes were 0.52 cases per 1000 person-years for the very-low-income group, 0.40 cases per 1000 person-years for the low-income group, 0.35 cases per 1000 person-years for the middle-income group, and 0.28 cases per 1000 person-years for the high-income group. Children and adolescents from very-low-income (aHR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.41-1.71), low-income (aHR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.27-1.41), and middle-income (aHR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.20-1.34) families had a significantly higher hazard of youth-onset type 2 diabetes than those from high-income families. Children and adolescents from very-low-income (aHR, 2.18; 95% CI, 1.97-2.41), low-income (aHR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.42-1.60), and middle-income (aHR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.14-1.31) families also had a significantly higher hazard of all-cause mortality than those from high-income families. Children and adolescents who were older, female, and obese and had dyslipidemia, gout, or psychiatric disorders had a significantly higher risk of youth-onset type 2 diabetes than children without those characteristics.Conclusions and RelevanceThis population-based cohort study showed that children and adolescents from very-low-income to middle-income families had a higher hazard of youth-onset type 2 diabetes and mortality than those from high-income families. Further research to reveal the factors underlying this association may improve the accuracy of identifying individuals at greatest risk for developing type 2 diabetes in youth.
Intrinsically Stretchable Light‐Emitting Polymer Semiconductors with High Charge Mobility Through Micro‐Crystalline Aggregation‐Limited Morphology
Authors: Wei Xiaofang , Wen Wei , Shi Wenkang , Liu Yanwei , Sun Jianzhe , Dai Xiaojuan , Guo Yunlong , Liu Yunqi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntrinsically stretchable light‐emitting polymer semiconductors are essential building blocks for bioelectronics and display textiles. Stretchability is challenging for rigid conjugated polymers unless sacrificing charge mobility by introducing amorphous domains. High‐performance light‐emitting properties designed with twisted angle are undesirable for conductive materials. Hence, the concurrent strategies hardly satisfy the balance of stretchability, light‐emitting and mobility. Herein, a morphology engineering is proposed by controlling micro‐crystalline and limiting aggregation, that four intrinsically stretchable emissive polymers with good charge mobility based on indacenodithiophene (IDT) are obtained. Polymers reveal good emission properties with high photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQY) of about 20%, while stretchable modulus and charge mobility are tunable by backbone and weight. Specifically emphasizing, IDT‐2T‐H retains high performance of charge mobility and PLQY even at 100% strain. Therefore, organic light emitting diodes are fabricated based on it and showing the luminance of 176.2 cd cm−2, which verifies the potential of technique to reconcile integration of stretchability, light‐emitting, and mobility. This is the first attempt to integrate balanced mechanical, optical, and electrical properties through micro‐crystalline aggregation‐limited morphology in one polymer, offering a feasible approach to advanced integrated circuit and multi‐functional electronics in the future.
Unlocking Diabetic Acetone Vapor Detection by A Portable Metal‐Organic Framework‐Based Turn‐On Optical Sensor Device
Authors: Mollick Samraj , Rai Sujeet , Frentzel‐Beyme Louis , Kachwal Vishal , Donà Lorenzo , Schürmann Dagmar , Civalleri Bartolomeo , Henke Sebastian , Tan Jin‐Chong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDespite exhaled human breath having enabled noninvasive diabetes diagnosis, selective acetone vapor detection by fluorescence approach in the diabetic range (1.8–3.5 ppm) remains a long‐standing challenge. A set of water‐resistant luminescent metal‐organic framework (MOF)‐based composites have been reported for detecting acetone vapor in the diabetic range with a limit of detection of 200 ppb. The luminescent materials possess the ability to selectively detect acetone vapor from a mixture comprising nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, water vapor, and alcohol vapor, which are prevalent in exhaled breath. It is noteworthy that this is the first luminescent MOF material capable of selectively detecting acetone vapor in the diabetic range via a turn‐on mechanism. The material can be reused within a matter of minutes under ambient conditions. Industrially pertinent electrospun luminescent fibers are likewise fabricated alongside various luminescent films for selective detection of ultratrace quantities of acetone vapor present in the air. Ab initio theoretical calculations combined with in situ synchrotron‐based dosing studies uncovered the material's remarkable hypersensitivity toward acetone vapor. Finally, a freshly designed prototype fluorescence‐based portable optical sensor is utilized as a proof‐of‐concept for the rapid detection of acetone vapor within the diabetic range.
Unveiling a CAAX Protease‐Like Protein Involved in Didemnin Drug Maturation and Secretion
Authors: Zou Xiaolin , Hui Zhen , Shepherd Robert A. , Zhao Shuaiqiang , Wu Yanfei , Shen Zhuanglin , Pang Cuiping , Zhou Shipeng , Yu Zehai , Zhou Jiahai , Moore Bradley S. , Sanchez Laura M. , Tang Xiaoyu 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe assembly line biosynthesis of the powerful anticancer‐antiviral didemnin cyclic peptides is proposed to follow a prodrug release mechanism in Tristella bacteria. This strategy commences with the formation of N‐terminal prodrug scaffolds and culminates in their cleavage during the cellular export of the mature products. In this study, a comprehensive exploration of the genetic and biochemical aspects of the enzymes responsible for both the assembly and cleavage of the acylated peptide prodrug scaffolds is provided. This process involves the assembly of N‐acyl‐polyglutamine moieties orchestrated by the nonribosomal peptide synthetase DidA and the cleavage of these components at the post‐assembly stage by DidK, a transmembrane CAAX hydrolase homolog. The findings not only shed light on the complex prodrug mechanism that underlies the synthesis and secretion of didemnin compounds but also offer novel insights into the expanded role of CAAX hydrolases in microbes. Furthermore, this knowledge can be leveraged for the strategic design of genome mining approaches aimed at discovering new bioactive natural products that employ similar prodrug biochemical strategies.
Engineering Electronic Structure of Nitrogen‐Carbon Sites by sp3‐Hybridized Carbon and Incorporating Chlorine to Boost Oxygen Reduction Activity
Authors: Feng Xueting , Chen Guanzhen , Cui Zhibo , Qin Rong , Jiao Wensheng , Huang Zeyi , Shang Ziang , Ma Chao , Zheng Xusheng , Han Yunhu , Huang Wei 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDevelopment of efficient and easy‐to‐prepare low‐cost oxygen reaction electrocatalysts is essential for widespread application of rechargeable Zn‐air batteries (ZABs). Herein, we mixed NaCl and ZIF‐8 by simple physical milling and pyrolysis to obtain a metal‐free porous electrocatalyst doped with Cl (mf‐pClNC). The mf‐pClNC electrocatalyst exhibits a good oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity (E1/2=0.91 V vs. RHE) and high stability in alkaline electrolyte, exceeding most of the reported transition metal carbon‐based electrocatalysts and being comparable to commercial Pt/C electrocatalysts. Likewise, the mf‐pClNC electrocatalyst also shows state‐of‐the‐art ORR activity and stability in acidic electrolyte. From experimental and theoretical calculations, the better ORR activity is most likely originated from the fact that the introduced Cl promotes the increase of sp3‐hybridized carbon, while the sp3‐hybridized carbon and Cl together modify the electronic structure of the N‐adjacent carbons, as the active sites, while NaCl molten‐salt etching provides abundant paths for the transport of electrons/protons. Furthermore, the liquid rechargeable ZAB using the mf‐pClNC electrocatalyst as the cathode shows a fulfilling performance with a peak power density of 276.88 mW cm−2. Flexible quasi‐solid‐state rechargeable ZAB constructed with the mf‐pClNC electrocatalyst as the cathode exhibits an exciting performance both at low, high and room temperatures.
A second dimension of somatosensory system injury? Thalamic volume loss and neuropathic pain in adults with cerebral palsy and periventricular white matter injury
Authors: Chin Eric M. , Gorny Nicole , Pekar James J. , Campbell Claudia M. , Lindquist Martin , Lenz Colleen , Hoon Alexander H. , Jantzie Lauren L. , Robinson Shenandoah 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectivesLemniscal (motor‐related) and spinothalamic (neuropathic pain‐related) somatosensory abnormalities affect different subsets of adults with cerebral palsy (CP). Lemniscal/motor abnormalities are associated with posterior thalamic radiation white matter disruption in individuals with CP and white matter injury. We tested the hypothesis that neuropathic pain symptoms in this population are rather associated with injury of the somatosensory (posterior group nuclei) thalamus.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, communicative adults with CP and bilateral white matter injury and neurotypical control participants volunteered to self‐report pain symptoms and undergo research MRI. Posterior group thalamic nuclei volume was computed and correlated against neuropathic pain scores.ResultsParticipants with CP (n = 6) had, on average, 24% smaller posterior group thalamic volumes (95% CI: [10%–39%]; corrected p = 0.01) than control participants. More severe volume loss was correlated with more severe neuropathic pain scores (ρ = −0.87 [−0.99, −0.20]; p = 0.02).InterpretationAssociation with thalamic volume loss suggests that neuropathic pain in adults with CP may frequently be central neuropathic pain. Complementing assessments of white matter microstructure, regional brain volumes hold promise as diagnostic biomarkers for central neuropathic pain in individuals with structural brain disorders.
Acyl ghrelin increases cardiac output while preserving right ventricular‐pulmonary arterial coupling in heart failure
Authors: Erhardsson Mikael , Faxén Ulrika L. , Venkateshvaran Ashwin , Hage Camilla , Pironti Gianluigi , Thorvaldsen Tonje , Webb Dominic‐Luc , Hellström Per M. , Andersson Daniel C. , Ståhlberg Marcus , Lund Lars H. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAimAcyl ghrelin increases cardiac output (CO) in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). This could impair the right ventricular‐pulmonary arterial coupling (RVPAC), both through an increased venous return and right ventricular afterload. We aim to investigate if acyl ghrelin increases CO with or without worsening the right‐sided haemodynamics in HFrEF assessed by RVPAC.Methods and resultsThe Karolinska Acyl ghrelin Trial was a randomized double‐blind placebo‐controlled trial of acyl ghrelin versus placebo (120‐min intravenous infusion) in HFrEF. RVPAC was assessed echocardiographically at baseline and 120 min. ANOVA was used for difference in change between acyl ghrelin versus placebo, adjusted for baseline values. Of the 30 randomized patients, 22 had available RVPAC (acyl ghrelin n = 12, placebo n = 10). Despite a 15% increase in CO in the acyl ghrelin group (from 4.0 (3.5–4.6) to 4.6 (3.9–6.1) L/min, P = 0.003), RVPAC remained unchanged; 5.9 (5.3–7.6) to 6.3 (4.8–7.5) mm·(m/s)−1, P = 0.372, while RVPAC was reduced in the placebo group, 5.2 (4.3–6.4) to 4.8 (4.2–5.8) mm·(m/s)−1, P = 0.035. Comparing change between groups, CO increased in the acyl ghrelin group versus placebo (P = 0.036) while RVPAC and the right ventricular pressure gradient remained unchanged.ConclusionTreatment with acyl ghrelin increases CO while preserving or even improving RVPAC in HFrEF, possibly due to increased contractility, reduced PVR and/or reduced left sided filling pressures. These potential effects strengthen the role of acyl ghrelin therapy in HFrEF with right ventricular failure.
Stauntonia chinensis injection relieves neuropathic pain by increasing the expression of PSD‐95 and reducing the proliferation of phagocytic microglia
Authors: Deng Wenwen , Zou Helin , Qian Li , de Souza Senio Campos , Chen Qian , Cao Song 
Published: November 2023

AbstractNeuroinflammation induced by engulfment of synapses by phagocytic microglia plays a crucial role in neuropathic pain. Stauntonia chinensis is extracted from Stauntonia chinensis DC, which has been used as a traditional Chinese medicine to control trigeminal neuralgia or sciatica. However, the specific anti‐neuralgia mechanism of Stauntonia chinensis is unknown. In this study, the analgesic effect of Stauntonia chinensis injection (SCI) in mice with neuropathic pain and the possible mechanisms are explored. We find that a local injection of 0.1 mL Stauntonia chinensis for 14 days can considerably relieve mechanical hyperalgesia and thermal hyperalgesia in mice with sciatic chronic constriction injury (CCI). Immunofluorescence staining shows that SCI reduces neuroinflammation in the spinal cord of CCI mice. RNA sequencing reveals that the expression of postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD‐95), a postsynaptic scaffold protein, is downregulated in the spinal cord of CCI mice, but upregulated after SCI administration. Immunofluorescence experiments also demonstrate that SCI administration reverses microglia proliferation and PSD‐95 downregulation in CCI mice. These data suggest that SCI relieves neuropathic pain by increasing the expression of PSD‐95 and reducing the proliferation of phagocytic microglia.
Inhibitive impact of Terfeziaceae plant extract on nitric acid decomposition of copper
Authors: Abdel Haleem Eslam , Eissa Mohamed E. , Fouda Abd El‐Aziz S. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDifferent electrochemical techniques, such as electrochemical “impedance spectroscopy (EIS), electrochemical frequency modulation (EFM), and potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), and mass reduction at various temeratures were used to evaluate the inhibitory potential of Terfeziaceae extract as a corrosion inhibitor for Cu in HNO3 corrosive arrangements. The adsorption was analyzed utilizing Temkin adsorption isotherm, and the adsorption factors were considered. The detections illustrated that the Terfeziaceae extract shown maximum inhibition capacity (% IE) reached to 98.1% at concentration of 300 ppm, 25°C. “x‐ray electron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) surface study techniques have all supported the existence of a protective layer on the Cu surface. This extract operates as a mixed‐type inhibitor, according to PDP data.” The current research presents highly significant findings in the preparation and design of original, environmentally friendly, sustainable inhibitors with high inhibitory power.
Impact of an enhanced focused cardiac ultrasound on treatment changes in a population of internal medicine patients
Authors: Flamanc Thomas , de Carvalho Hugo , Le Bastard Quentin , Javaudin François , Pes Philippe , Montassier Emmanuel , Le Conte Philippe 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundHospitalized patients with acute shortness of breath (SOB) could benefit from an enhanced focused cardiac ultrasound (eFoCUS) with Doppler measurements to reassess treatment and diagnosis.MethodsThis was a retrospective observational study performed in a medical ward. Included patients were those hospitalized for acute SOB. The objectives were to assess therapeutic and diagnosis changes associated with eFoCUS. The primary endpoint of the analysis was a composite of introduction or discontinuation of diuretics, antibiotics or anticoagulation following eFoCUS.ResultsBetween January 2018 and July 2021, 119 patients were included, 67 women and 52 men, mean age 84 ± 11 years old. The eFoCUS was performed within a median time of 55 h (1st–3rd IQ: 21–107) following hospital admission. Overall, eFoCUS was associated with a change in diagnostic in 40 patients (34% [CI 95%: 25%–43%], p < 10−4) and a change in treatment in 53 patients (45% [CI 95%: 35%–54%], p < 10−4). Diuretics were prescribed in 94 patients before eFoCUS and in 56 after (p = 10−4), antibiotics in 34 before and 27 after and anticoagulation in 30 before and 40 after.ConclusioneFoCUS was associated with both therapeutic and diagnostic changes in patients with SOB. Such results should be confirmed in multicentric prospective studies.