bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Semiquantitative analysis of dynamic contrast enhanced MRI in cancer patients: Variability and changes in tumor tissue over time
Authors: Medved Milica , Karczmar Greg , Yang Cheng , Dignam James , Gajewski Thomas F. , Kindler Hedy , Vokes Everett , MacEneany Peter , Mitchell Myrosia T. , Stadler Walter M. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate variability of a simplified method for measuring semiquantitative DCE‐MRI parameters in patients with cancer and to explore effects of treatment with a putative anti‐angiogenic compound.Materials and MethodsA total of 19 patients enrolled on treatment trials with the putative anti‐angiogenic agent SU5416 underwent contrast enhanced examinations, and 11 had a second examination eight weeks post therapy. Contrast media concentration as a function of time was calculated using changes in signal and literature baseline T1 values in normal muscle or liver reference tissue. Semiquantitative DCE‐MRI parameters, including the area under the contrast concentration vs. time curve (AUC), were calculated for regions‐of‐interest in normal liver and muscle, and in tumors.ResultsThe coefficients of variation for pretherapy parameters in normal tissue were 11% to 37%. No significant changes were detected in normal liver over two months of therapy. In tumors and muscle, a significant decrease in the AUC and maximum contrast concentration was observed.ConclusionVariability of semiquantitative DCE‐MRI parameters utilizing a method based on known T1 values in a reference tissue is low enough to detect changes in tumors during therapy. Use of this method as a pharmacodynamic marker should be further investigated. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2004;20:122–128. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Morphological and hemodynamic magnetic resonance assessment of early neonatal brain injury in a piglet model
Authors: Munkeby Berit H. , Lyng Kristin , Frøen Jahn Frederik , Winther‐Larssen Eldrid H. , Rosland Jan Henrik , Smith Hans‐Jørgen , Saugstad Ola Didrik , Bjørnerud Atle 
Published: June 2004

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the utility of functional and morphological magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to assess the extent of brain injury in a hypoxia‐ischemia (HI) piglet model and further to validate that the desired ischemic injury was successfully induced.Materials and MethodsMRI was performed at 1.5 T in anesthetized piglets (N = 10, age = 12‐36 hours). Relative cerebral blood flow (rCBF), time‐to‐peak (TTP) contrast, and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) were estimated at different time points pre‐, during, and post‐HI. The effect following bilateral clamping of the carotid arteries was assessed by contrast‐enhanced MR angiography (MRA) and phase contrast MR angiography (PCA) (N = 4).ResultsA linear correlation was observed between relative cerebral perfusion reduction and cerebral ADC during HI (r2 = 0.85, P < 0.05). There was no correlation between rCBF reduction during 30 minutes of HI and cerebral ADC after 30 or 150 minutes of reperfusion/reoxygenation (RR).ConclusionThe combination of morphological and functional (perfusion and diffusion) MRI enabled consistent assessment of both the presence and absence of complete occlusion as well as the functional significance of the occlusion. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2004;20:8–15. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Equivalent cross‐relaxation rate imaging of breast cancer
Authors: Yuen Sachiko , Yamada Kei , Kinosada Yasutomi , Matsushima Shigeru , Nakano Yasuhiko , Goto Mariko , Nishimura Tsunehiko 
Published: June 2004

AbstractPurposeTo determine whether equivalent cross‐relaxation rate (ECR) imaging is a feasible method for demonstrating breast cancer.Materials and MethodsFifteen breast cancer patients underwent both ECR imaging, with off‐resonance saturation pulses at frequency offsets of 7 and 19 ppm (ECR‐7 and ECR‐19, respectively) from water resonance, and gadolinium (Gd)‐enhanced dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the breast. The mean tumor size was 26.5 mm. The tumor outlines defined by their shape and margin on ECR‐7 images were compared with the subtraction images produced by the dynamic study, and the distribution of hyperintensity areas and their shapes on ECR‐19 images were assessed. All patients had surgery and pathological findings were compared to ECR images.ResultsThe tumor outline of 13/15 (87%) tumors on ECR‐7 images was nearly identical to that on subtraction images; ECR‐19 images demonstrated the location and degree of fibrosis. The tumor outline of the other two tumors was less clear on ECR‐7 images, and internal hyperintensity on ECR‐19 images reflected intratumoral fibrotic foci. ECR‐7 and ‐19 imaging findings allowed identification of four distinct tumor types that reflected the tumor growth patterns and their internal structures associated with fibrosis.ConclusionECR imaging is a feasible imaging technique for demonstrating breast cancer. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2004;20:56–65. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Spatio‐temporal bandwidth‐based acquisition for dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Krishnan Sumati , Chenevert Thomas L. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractPurposeTo develop a k‐space formalism that provides a rationale for the design of variable‐rate acquisition schemes for dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE‐MRI).Methods and MaterialsThe formalism, termed spatio‐temporal bandwidth‐based (STBB) analysis, is demonstrated using a priori modeling of object and enhancement characteristics typically observed in DCE‐MRI of breast tumors. A temporally enhancing lesion is considered as a two‐dimensional (2D) space‐time object that possesses a corresponding spatio‐temporal (ky‐kt) energy spectrum. The ky‐kt space is segmented based on a threshold such that the total spectral energy in a finite number of k‐space samples, constrained by the imaging experiment, is maximized. This thresholded map contains a set of spatial and corresponding temporal sampling prescriptions. These prescriptions are used in designing an acquisition scheme that is adequate for a range of contrast‐enhancing breast lesions. The STBB scheme is compared to an equivalent “keyhole” acquisition, in terms of quantification of enhancement rate, Ktrans, extracellular volume fraction, νe, and spatial fidelity. We chose object sizes Npix = 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 pixels and enhancement rates Ktrans = 1.5, 1, 0.6, 0.4, 0.3, and 0.2 minute–1, and νe was held at 0.3.ResultsThe STBB scheme results in more accurate estimation of the rate and extracellular volume fraction parameters when the object size is small (two and five pixels) and the enhancement rates are rapid (1.5 and 1 minute–1), compared to the keyhole acquisition. The STBB scheme provides higher spatial fidelity for very small objects. For large object and slow enhancements, the keyhole and STBB scheme perform comparably.ConclusionWe have demonstrated an intuitive formalism applicable to DCE‐MRI for a set of targeted/anticipated dynamic events as well as spatial features. This formalism can be extended to any dynamic imaging condition, and a corresponding variable‐rate acquisition scheme can be designed. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2004;20:129–137. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of preharvest sprays containing calcium, magnesium and titanium on the quality of peaches and nectarines at harvest and during postharvest storage
Authors: Serrano María , Martínez‐Romero Domingo , Castillo Salvador , Guillén Fabián , Valero Daniel 
Published: June 2004

AbstractPeach and nectarine trees were foliar sprayed with a formulation containing Ca2+, Mg2+ and Ti4+. Parameters related to fruit quality were evaluated at harvest, after 7–28 days of cold storage and after subsequent ripening for 4 days at 20 °C (shelf life). At harvest, treated fruits from both cultivars had higher weight and pulp firmness than control fruits, while no effect was observed for either colour, total soluble solid content (TSS) and titratable acidity (TA) or the time required to ripen on the tree. During cold storage, lower levels of weight loss, colour evolution, TSS/TA ratio and ethylene production and higher pulp firmness were found in treated peaches and nectarines compared with control fruits. Also, the storability of treated fruits was extended for up to 14 days more than that of control fruits. During ripening at 20 °C after different periods of cold storage, parameters related to ripening evolved faster in control than in treated fruits. Also, the occurrence of the climacteric peak of ethylene production was delayed and its intensity was lower in treated peaches and nectarines than in controls. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of limonene on the growth and physiology of cabbage (Brassica oleracea L) and carrot (Daucus carota L) plants
Authors: Ibrahim MA , Oksanen EJ , Holopainen JK 
Published: June 2004

AbstractMonoterpenes are plant‐based alternatives for pest control in sustainable agriculture. This study investigated the phytotoxic effects of the monoterpene limonene on white cabbage (cv Rinda and Lennox) and carrot (cv Parano and Splendid) plants. The effects of increasing concentrations (from 10 to 120 ml l−1) of limonene on visible leaf injuries, growth, chlorophyll fluorescence, net photosynthesis and stomatal conductance were studied. Limonene concentrations of 90 and 120 ml l−1 were significantly phytotoxic in both cabbage and carrot, depending on the cultivar. However, there were major differences in limonene responses between the cultivars in both species. In carrot, lower shoot and root biomass was related to lower chlorophyll fluorescence (indicating lower efficiency of the photochemical processes) in cv Splendid, whereas in cv Parano it was related to lower stomatal conductance (indicating reduced gas exchange), suggesting that the mechanism behind the phytotoxicity may be different in different cultivars. In cabbage, better limonene tolerance and faster recovery processes in cv Lennox compared with cv Rinda were evident through increasing efficiency of photochemistry (chlorophyll fluorescence), and in the higher stomatal conductance and net photosynthesis rates, providing energy for defence and repair action. Since direct phytotoxic effects were detected on carrot and cabbage with limonene, we conclude that critical threshold concentrations for cultivated plants should be determined before monoterpenes are widely used as repellents and deterrents. These thresholds should, as far as possible, be species‐ and cultivar‐specific in order to provide full protection of plants. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Variability in axillary lymph node dissection for breast cancer
Authors: Schaapveld Michael , Otter Renée , de Vries Elisabeth G.E. , Fidler Vaclav , Grond Joris A.K. , van der Graaf Winette T.A. , de Vogel Pieter L. , Willemse Pax H.B. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractBackgroundThe axillary nodal status may influence the prognosis and the choice of adjuvant treatment of individual breast cancer patients. The variation in number of reported axillary lymph nodes and its effect on the axillary nodal stage were studied and the implications are discussed.MethodsBetween 1994 and 1997, a total of 4,806 axillary dissections for invasive breast cancers in 4,715 patients were performed in hospitals in the North‐Netherlands. The factors associated with the number of reported nodes and the relation of this number with the nodal status and the number of positive nodes were studied.ResultsThe number of reported nodes varied significantly between pathology laboratories, the median number of nodes ranged from 9 to 15, respectively. The individual hospitals explained even more variability in the number of nodes than pathology laboratories (range in median number 8–15, P < 0.0001). The number of reported nodes increased gradually during the study period. A decreasing trend was observed with older patient age. A higher number of reported nodes was associated with a markedly increased chance of finding tumor positive nodes, especially more than three nodes. The frequency of node positivity increased from 28% if less than six nodes to 54% if ≥20 nodes were examined, the percentage of tumors with ≥4 positive nodes increased from 4 to 31%. Multivariate analysis confirmed these results.ConclusionsThis population‐based study showed a large variation in the number of reported lymph nodes between hospitals. A more extensive surgical dissection or histopathological examination of the specimen generally resulted in a higher number of positive nodes. Although the impact of misclassification on adjuvant treatment will have varied, the impact with regard to adjuvant regional radiotherapy may have been considerable. J. Surg. Oncol. 2004;87:4–12. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinical relevance of parasternal uptake in sentinel node procedure for breast cancer
Authors: Fabry Hans F.J. , Mutsaers Pim G.N.J. , Meijer Sybren , Torrenga Hans , Pijpers Rik , Van Leeuwen Paul A.M. , van der Sijp Joost R.M. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesPreoperative lymphoscintigraphy contributes highly to the accuracy of the sentinel node procedure. Besides routing towards the axilla, in a number of patients additional parasternal focal accumulation may be observed. So far the clinical consequences of this parasternal uptake remains unclarified, i.e., whether any internal mammary lymph node uptake should be surgically biopsied. An analysis of all sentinel node procedures with parasternal uptake was performed.MethodsSixty‐nine patients with scintigraphic parasternal uptake and with a minimal follow‐up of 24 months, were selected from a prospective database. Tumor characteristics, treatment strategies, and recurrences of these patients were analyzed and subsequently matched against the present day indications for adjuvant treatment.ResultsDuring follow‐up (median 41 months) only four (6%) patients developed systemic disease. Initially, three of these patients did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy. Two are alive without evidence of disease after treatment of these recurrences. Currently these patients would, initially, all have been eligible for chemotherapy based on tumor characteristics and age according to international guidelines.ConclusionsFor the indication of adjuvant treatment, the status of the internal mammary lymph nodes was not relevant in our patients. Parasternal uptake is not an indication to extend the surgical procedure. J. Surg. Oncol. 2004;87:13–18. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Controversies in the management of metastatic melanoma to regional lymphatic basins
Authors: Mack Lloyd A. , McKinnon J. Gregory 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThe primary management of lymph nodes involved with metastatic melanoma is regional lymphadenectomy. Many controversies of regional lymph node dissection exist including extent and nature of the lymphadenectomy, treatment of lymphatic metastases in unusual locations and the role of adjuvant radiotherapy. Although radical neck dissection has been the gold standard for cervical disease, modified dissections do not seem to compromise regional control in appropriately selected patients. In the axilla, a Level I, II, and III dissection is most commonly performed. Combined superficial and deep groin dissection is justified for clinically palpable disease although management of patients with histologically positive yet clinically non‐palpable disease is more controversial. Burden of disease, imaging, patient co‐morbidity, and Cloquet nodal status must be considered. Many technical variations exist in an attempt to improve morbidity rates secondary to lymphadenectomy. Unfortunately, complication rates are difficult to compare secondary to variable study designs, definitions, and patient populations. Adjuvant radiation therapy appears warranted in patients with high risk of regional recurrence including bulky disease, extracapsular extension or cervical location. J. Surg. Oncol. 2004;86:189–199. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lessons learned from the Sunbelt Melanoma Trial
Authors: McMasters Kelly M. , Noyes R. Dirk , Reintgen Douglas S. , Goydos James S. , Beitsch Peter D. , Davidson B. Scott , Sussman Jeffrey J. , Gershenwald Jeffrey E. , Ross Merrick I. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThe Sunbelt Melanoma Trial is an ongoing multicenter prospective randomized trial that involves 79 centers and over 3600 patients from across the United States and Canada. This is one of the first large randomized studies to incorporate molecular staging using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). While the results related to the primary endpoints of the study are not yet available, several analyses have shed light on many aspects of sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy and melanoma prognostic factors. In particular, we have developed a practical definition of sentinel nodes based on the degree of radioactivity. We have established the low rate of postoperative complications associated with SLN biopsy as compared to complete lymph node dissection. We have identified factors that predict the presence of SLN metastases. In contrast, we have been unable to identify factors that indicate a low risk of non‐sentinel node metastases in patients with a positive sentinel node, suggesting that completion lymphadenectomy is appropriate for such patients. We have further established the value of identifying interval or in‐transit sentinel nodes, which can be the only site of nodal metastasis. We have evaluated the particular challenges associated with SLN biopsy of head and neck melanomas, have evaluated the patterns of early recurrence, and have identified an interesting correlation between increasing patient age and a number of prognostic factors. Future analyses will evaluate the benefit of early therapeutic lymphadenectomy and early institution of adjuvant interferon alfa‐2b therapy, as well as the validity of molecular staging. J. Surg. Oncol. 2004;86:212–223. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Australian experience in sun protection and screening for melanoma
Authors: McCarthy William H. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractAustralia has the world's highest incidence of skin cancer. Despite excellent prevention and early diagnosis education programs and an increasing percentage of the population with darker and more UV tolerant skins, skin cancer remains a major and expensive community medical problem. However, primary and secondary prevention programs are now showing positive outcomes, especially in melanoma incidence and survival. Primary and secondary prevention programs are conducted by a variety of non‐government organizations such as the Australian Cancer Council, which is comprised of state anticancer groups, with some assistance from State and Federal health agencies. Current and future campaigns are becoming focused on specific community groups, noticeably teenagers and the older population. The role of sunscreens as the primary preventative approach has been superceded by sunlight avoidance campaigns. In light of an increasing rate of early diagnosis, a low and falling morbidity of melanoma, improving general practitioner competence in skin cancer diagnosis and proliferation of skin cancer clinics throughout Australia, it is unlikely a national skin cancer screening program will be implemented.Ozone depletion, a sunlight overloaded environment, increased leisure time and an outdoor lifestyle necessitate continued efforts to minimise the cost and morbidity of skin cancer in Australia. J. Surg. Oncol. 2004;86:236–245. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inorganic reactions of iodine(+1) in acidic solutions
Authors: Schmitz Guy 
Published: June 2004

AbstractWe present a thorough analysis of the former works concerning the hydrolysis of iodine and its mechanism in acidic or neutral solutions and recommend values of equilibrium and kinetic constants. Since the literature value for the reaction H2OI+ ⇌ HOI + H+ appeared questionable, we have measured it by titration of acidic iodine solutions with AgNO3. Our new value, K(H2OI+ ⇌ HOI + H+) ∼ 2 M at 25°C, is much larger than accepted before. It decreases slowly with the temperature. We have also measured the rate of the reaction 3HOI → IO3− + 2I− + 3H+ in perchloric acid solutions from 5 × 10−2 M to 0.5 M. It is a second order reaction with a rate constant nearly independent on the acidity. Its value is 25 M−1 s−1 at 25°C and decreases slightly when the temperature increases, indicating that the disproportionation mechanism is more complicated than believed before. An analysis of the studies of this disproportionation in acidic and slightly basic solutions strongly supports the importance of a dimeric intermediate 2HOI ⇌ I2O·H2O in the mechanism. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 36:480–493, 2004
Effect of solvent and structure on the kinetics and mechanism of the aquation of bromopentaamine cobalt(III) complex in binary aqueous mixtures
Authors: El‐Subruiti Gehan M. , Younes Ghassan O. , Zeitouni Farah S. , Amira Mohamed F. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThe kinetics of aquation of bromopentaamine cobalt(III) complex have been investigated spectrophotometrically in aqueous‐organic solvent media using acetonitrile, urea, and dimethyl sulfoxide as co‐solvents at 45 ≤ T (°C) ≤ 65. The logarithms of rate constant of the aquation reaction vary nonlinearly with the reciprocal of the dielectric constant for all cosolvent mixtures, indicating a specific solute–solvent interaction. Also, the rate constants are correlated with the total number of moles of water and the organic solvents. However, the solvent effects on the solvation components of the enthalpy of activation, ΔH‡, and the entropy of activation, ΔS‡, have been studied. Analysis of the solvent effect confirmed a common Id mechanism for the aquation of the cobalt(III) complex. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 36:494–499, 2004
Back Cover: Macromol. Biosci. 6/2004
Authors: Rodríguez Gema , Gallardo Alberto , Fernández Mar , Rebuelta Mercedes , Buján Julia , Bellón Juan M , Honduvilla Natalio G , Escudero Cristina , San Román Julio 
Published: June 2004

Back Cover: Osteoblasts from Human Osteosarcoma cell line (HOS TE85) showed a good adherence and proliferation onto surfaces coated with the polymer THDMA22. Images a) and c) correspond to the control samples (Thermanox®) and images b) and d) to the polymer surfaces.Further details can be found in the Full Paper by G. Rodríguez,* A. Gallardo, M. M. Fernández, M. Rebuelta, J. Buján, J. M Bellón, N. G Honduvilla, C. Escudero, J. San Román on page 579.
Alternating Crystalline‐Amorphous Layers in Hybrid Block Copolymers of Linear Poly(ethylene glycol) and Dendritic Poly(benzyl ether)
Authors: Duan Xuexin , Yuan Fei , Wen Xiaojing , Yang Miao , He Binglin , Wang Wei 
Published: June 2004

AbstractSummary:In the present work, we have studied the crystalline morphology of hybrid di‐ and triblock copolymers consisting of linear poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and Fréchet‐type monodendrons of poly(benzyl ether). The linear blocks can crystallize to form spherulites under supercooling condition. Using atomic force microscopy and small‐angle X‐ray scattering method we found alternating crystalline and amorphous layers. The crystalline layers are formed by the PEG block, while the amorphous layers contain the miscible mixture of PEG and the monodendrons. Our analysis shows that the long period,d, of the layers scales asd ∝ Mwhere$M_{\rm D}$is the molecular weight of the monodendrons. As the radius of gyration of the monodendronsRg, also scales asRg ∝ M(B. M. Tande, et al.Macromolecules2001,34, 8580), we obtaind ∝ Rg, implying a linear increase of the long period with the radius of gyration of the monodendrons.Model describing the crystalline morphology of the semicrystalline hybrid block copolymers.magnified imageModel describing the crystalline morphology of the semicrystalline hybrid block copolymers.