bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The construct of the learning organization: Dimensions, measurement, and validation
Authors: Yang Baiyin , Watkins Karen E. , Marsick Victoria J. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThis research describes efforts to develop and validate a multidimensional measure of the learning
organization. An instrument was developed based on a critical review of both the conceptualization and practice of
this construct. Supporting validity evidence for the instrument was obtained from several sources, including best
model‐data fit among alternative measurement models, nomological network among dimensions of the learning
organization, and organizational performance outcomes. Acceptable reliability estimates were obtained for the
seven proposed dimensions. Consequently, the instrument, Dimensions of the Learning Organization Questionnaire,
was recommended for use in organizational studies.
Should child labor be eliminated? An HRD perspective
Authors: Budhwani Nadir , Wee Belinda , McLean Gary N. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractChild labor, especially in developing countries, has been an increasing target for social reformers. Although
there are many suggested solutions for the eradication of child labor, many are simplistic and create more
problems than they cure. Suggested reforms are explored and analyzed. Additional recommendations, especially
from a human resource development perspective, are explored.
Direct injection of immature dendritic cells into irradiated tumor induces efficient antitumor immunity
Authors: Kim Kwang‐Woon , Kim Sun‐Hee , Shin Jin‐Gue , Kim Gui‐Sook , Son Young‐Ok , Park Soon‐Won , Kwon Byung‐Hyun , Kim Dong‐Won , Lee Chang‐Hun , Sol Mee‐Young , Jeong Min‐Ho , Chung Byung‐Seon , Kang Chi‐Dug 
Published: March 2004

AbstractAlthough there are several ways to load tumor antigens to DCs, in vitro preparation of tumor antigens and manipulation of DCs are usually required. Therefore, to develop a simple antitumor immunization method, we examined if direct injection of DCs into tumor apoptosed by ionizing IR could induce efficient antitumor immunity. Ionizing IR with 15 Gy induced apoptosis in tumor maximally after 6 hr. Injection of DCs i.t. into IR tumor induced strong cytotoxicity of splenocytes against tumor cells compared to i.t. injection of DCs or ionizing IR of tumor, both of which induced weak cytotoxicity. In an animal study, i.t. injection of DCs into IR tumor induced therapeutic antitumor immunity against a tumor established at a distant site. Moreover, when TNF‐α or LPS was added as a danger/maturation signal to DC suspension before i.t. injection, antitumor immunity was significantly potentiated compared to a group treated with i.t. injection of DCs into IR tumor. Our results suggest that injection of DCs into tumor apoptosed by ionizing IR might be a simple and efficient method of immunization against tumor. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Explaining gastric cancer survival differences among European countries
Authors: Verdecchia Arduino , Corazziari Isabella , Gatta Gemma , Lisi Daniele , Faivre Jean , Forman David 
Published: March 2004

AbstractWide geographic variability in incidence and mortality rates for gastric cancer exists throughout the world despite persistent decreases over several decades. Variability in survival from gastric cancer is also evident and countries with higher incidence rates of gastric cancer show better survival rates than countries with lower incidence. The aim of this study was to identify reasons for the association between incidence and survival and to obtain survival estimates and differences corrected for this variation, thus facilitating further interpretation by clinical factors such as stage and treatment. Relative survival rates for gastric cancer derived from the EUROCARE‐2 database for 47 cancer registries in 17 European countries were analyzed with regression methods to adjust differences by age, sex, period of diagnosis, subsite of the stomach, histologic type and stage at diagnosis. Overall, nearly 60% of the variability in gastric cancer relative survival was explained by differences in these variables. Factors are related to treatment and general management of patients is expected to explain the residual variability in gastric cancer survival between European countries. There is a need to improve completeness and standardization of detailed information collected on gastric cancer patients to allow detailed comparative analyses and interpretation. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chemotherapy of glioblastoma in rats using doxorubicin‐loaded nanoparticles
Authors: Steiniger Sebastian C.J. , Kreuter Jörg , Khalansky Alexander S. , Skidan Igor N. , Bobruskin Alexey I. , Smirnova Zoya S. , Severin Sergey E. , Uhl Reiner , Kock Martin , Geiger Kathrin D. , Gelperina Svetlana E. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractGlioblastomas belong to the most aggressive human cancers with short survival times. Due to the blood‐brain barrier, they are mostly inaccessible to traditional chemotherapy. We have recently shown that doxorubicin bound to polysorbate‐coated nanoparticles crossed the intact blood‐brain barrier, thus reaching therapeutic concentrations in the brain. Here, we investigated the therapeutic potential of this formulation of doxorubicin in vivo using an animal model created by implantation of 101/8 glioblastoma tumor in rat brains. Groups of 5–8 glioblastoma‐bearing rats (total n = 151) were subjected to 3 cycles of 1.5–2.5 mg/kg body weight of doxorubicin in different formulations, including doxorubicin bound to polysorbate‐coated nanoparticles. The animals were analyzed for survival (% median increase of survival time, Kaplan‐Meier). Preliminary histology including immunocytochemistry (glial fibrillary acidic protein, ezrin, proliferation and apoptosis) was also performed. Rats treated with doxorubicin bound to polysorbate‐coated nanoparticles had significantly higher survival times compared with all other groups. Over 20% of the animals in this group showed a long‐term remission. Preliminary histology confirmed lower tumor sizes and lower values for proliferation and apoptosis in this group. All groups of animals treated with polysorbate‐containing formulations also had a slight inflammatory reaction to the tumor. There was no indication of neurotoxicity. Additionally, binding to nanoparticles may reduce the systemic toxicity of doxorubicin. This study showed that therapy with doxorubicin bound to nanoparticles offers a therapeutic potential for the treatment of human glioblastoma. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression mapping at 12p12‐13 in advanced prostate carcinoma
Authors: Kibel Adam S. , Huagen John , Guo Chan , Isaacs William B. , Yan Yan , Pienta Kenneth J. , Goodfellow Paul J. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractWe have previously mapped a putative prostate cancer tumor‐suppressor gene to a 1–2 Mb region of 12p12‐13. Initial work to identify the tumor suppressor at this locus focused on candidates previously implicated in malignancy; however, mutational and methylation analyses failed to identify significant genomic events. An alternative approach is to use expression analysis to prioritize the genes within the region of interest. This experimental design is based on the hypothesis that tumor‐suppressor genes demonstrate decreased expression in tumors compared to normals. Herein, we narrow the region of interest using deletion mapping data and employ expression analysis to prioritize the genes in the minimal deleted region. Highly informative polymorphic markers spanning our region were used to assess for loss of heterozygosity in 99 tumor and normal DNA pairs. The minimal region of deletion was determined to be approximately 500 kb bounded by D12S391 and A002Q26. Publically available databases place 7 genes within this minimal deletion region. An additional 3 genes lie just outside this minimal deletion region and could possibly be inactivated by deletion of promoter, 3′‐untranslated region sequences or alternative splice variants. Relative levels of expression of these 10 candidate genes were determined in 6 normal prostates, 5 local prostate tumors, 9 prostate lymph node metastases, 6 prostate cancer cell lines and 12 prostate cancer xenografts using quantitative RT‐PCR. DUSP16, FLJ10298 and BCLG were significantly downregulated in both clinical tumors and cultured prostate cancer tissue, indicating that one or all may be critical to initiation or progression of prostate carcinoma. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A vitamin E analogue suppresses malignant mesothelioma in a preclinical model: A future drug against a fatal neoplastic disease?
Authors: Tomasetti Marco , Gellert Nina , Procopio Antonio , Neuzil Jiri 
Published: March 2004

AbstractMalignant mesothelioma is a fatal type of neoplasia of the pleura and the peritoneum with currently no known cure. Therefore, discovery of an efficient antimesothelioma drug with low deleterious side effects is desirable. Here, we studied in vivo the effect of α‐tocopheryl succinate, a semisynthetic vitamin E analogue with proapoptotic and anticancer activity and selectivity for malignant cells, on experimental peritoneal mesothelioma using immunocompromised mice. Compared to untreated animals, the agent increased their survival >3‐fold. Our finding warrants further testing of vitamin E analogues as potential antimesothelioma drugs. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of hydroxyapatite/tricalcium‐phosphate coating on osseointegration of plasma‐sprayed titanium alloy implants
Authors: Stewart Matthew , Welter Jean F. , Goldberg Victor M. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThis study determined the effects of a plasma‐sprayed hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate (HA/TCP) coating on osseointegration of plasma‐sprayed titanium alloy implants in a lapine, distal femoral intramedullary model. The effects of the HA/TCP coating were assessed at 1, 3, and 6 months after implant placement. The HA/TCP coating significantly increased new bone apposition onto the implant surfaces at all time points. The ceramic coating also stimulated intramedullary bone formation at the middle and distal levels of the implants. Fluorescent bone labeling indicated that new bone formation occurred primarily during the first 3 months after implantation, with comparatively little activity detected in the latter stages of the study. There was no associated increase in pullout strength at either 3 or 6 months; however, post‐pullout evaluation of the implants indicated that the HA/TCP coating itself was not the primary site of construct failure. Rather, failure was most commonly observed through the periprosthetic osseous struts that bridged the medullary cavity. The demonstrated osteoconductive activity of HA/TCP coating on plasma‐sprayed titanium alloy implant surfaces may have considerable clinical relevance to early host–implant interactions, by accelerating the establishment of a stable prosthesis–bone interface. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 69A: 1–10, 2004
Biocompatibility of a xenogenic elastin‐based biomaterial in a murine implantation model: The role of aluminum chloride pretreatment
Authors: Hinds Monica T. , Courtman David W. , Goodell Teresa , Kwong Mason , Brant‐Zawadzki Halina , Burke Allen , Fox Bernard A. , Gregory Kenton W. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractWe have investigated the long‐term effect of aluminum chloride (AlCl3) treatment on the calcification and inflammatory reaction of a porcine elastin‐derived biomaterial (PEB) in a novel subdermal adult mouse model. Untreated PEB disks and PEB treated with AlCl3 were implanted subdermally in BALB/c mice for 30, 60, and 180 days. The calcification of the elastin disks was examined with histological analysis and atomic absorption analysis of calcium content. The inflammatory reaction was evaluated both with histological analysis of explants and by an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay of the serum in each mouse to determine the production of antielastin antibodies. Robust calcification was evident in all untreated PEBs with calcium levels of 107.1 ± 11.8, 151.4 ± 14.4, and 227.2 ± 23.8 μg/mg for 30, 60, and 180 days, respectively. AlCl3 treatment only temporarily prevented the calcification of the elastin disks for 30 days. By 60 and 180 days, the AlCl3‐treated materials had significant calcification with 88.7 ± 17.4 and 105.3 ± 27.0 μg/mg calcium, respectively. The inflammatory reaction was moderate for both types of implants. The AlCl3‐treated implants displayed significantly more macrophage and lymphocyte infiltration at 180 days after implantation, and a trend to higher humoral responses at 30 and 60 days when compared with untreated PEBs. We conclude that PEBs extensively calcify in the adult mice model. AlCl3 treatment of elastin enhances the long‐term immunological response to xenogenic elastin implants and merely delays the onset of calcification. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 69A: 55–64, 2004
Mechanical properties and three‐body wear of veneering composites and their matrices
Authors: Reich Sven M. , Petschelt Anselm , Wichmann Manfred , Frankenberger Roland 
Published: March 2004

AbstractFatigue as one of the major factors affecting three‐body wear of resin composites is influenced by mechanical properties of the resin matrix. The aim of this in vitro study was to determine three‐body wear (ACTA methodology), fracture strength, and Young's modulus of four veneering composites (Artglass old and new formula, Vita Zeta LC Composite, Targis) and one direct restorative composite (Z 100). Furthermore, three‐body wear of the pure matrices of the materials was tested. The wear results were compared to Amalgam as reference material. It should be computed whether there exists a correlation between the wear results of resin composite and matrix alone. Wear of the veneering composites was significantly higher than of Z100 (13 μm) and Amalgam (14 μm; p < 0.01, Mann‐Whitney U‐test). Mean fracture strengths of indirect composites ranged from 127.5 MPa (Targis) to 71.6 MPa (Vita Zeta LC). The elastic moduli of the composites were between 2.9 and 12.8 GPa. The matrix wear rates did not differ significantly. Three‐body wear results of complex resin composites are highly influenced by their filler content, filler particle size distribution, kind of filler particles, shape, and their silanization to the matrix. Due to this fact, three‐body wear testing is an essential testing method and cannot be replaced by testing single material components. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 69A: 65–69, 2004
Control of cell adhesion and detachment using temperature and thermoresponsive copolymer grafted culture surfaces
Authors: Tsuda Yukiko , Kikuchi Akihiko , Yamato Masayuki , Sakurai Yasuhisa , Umezu Mitsuo , Okano Teruo 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThe hydrophobic monomer, n‐butyl methacrylate (BMA) has been incorporated into thermoresponsive poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PIPAAm) to lower PIPAAm phase transition temperatures necessary for systematically regulating cell adhesion on and detachment from culture dishes at controlled temperatures. Poly(IPAAm‐co‐BMA)‐grafted dishes were prepared by electron beam irradiation methods, systematically changing BMA content in the feed. Copolymer‐grafted surfaces decreased grafted polymer transition temperatures with increasing BMA content as shown by water wettabilities compared to homopolymer PIPAAm‐grafted surfaces. Bovine endothelial cells readily adhered and proliferated on copolymer‐grafted surfaces above collapse temperature at 37°C, finally reaching confluence. Cell sheet detachment behavior from copolymer‐grafted surfaces depended on the culture temperature and BMA content. In conclusion, cell attachment/detachment can be controlled to an arbitrary temperature by varying the content of hydrophobic monomer incorporated into PIPAAm grafted to culture surfaces. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 69A: 70–78, 2004
Delayed fracture of Ni‐Ti superelastic alloys in acidic and neutral fluoride solutions
Authors: Yokoyama Ken'ichi , Kaneko Kazuyuki , Moriyama Keiji , Asaoka Kenzo , Sakai Jun'ichi , Nagumo Michihiko 
Published: March 2004

AbstractHydrogen‐related degradation of the mechanical properties of a Ni‐Ti superelastic alloy has been examined by means of delayed fracture tests in acidic and neutral fluoride solutions and hydrogen thermal desorption analysis. Delayed fracture took place in both solutions; the time to fracture was shorter in the acidic solutions than in the neutral solutions with the same fluoride concentration. The time to fracture was reduced in both solutions when applied stress exceeded the critical stress for martensite transformation. In the acidic solutions, Ni‐Ti superelastic alloy underwent general corrosion and absorbed substantial amounts of hydrogen. Fractographic features suggested that the delayed fracture in the acidic solutions was attributable to hydrogen embrittlement, whereas in the neutral solutions, a different fracture mode appeared associated with localized corrosion only in the vicinity of the fracture initiation area. In the neutral solutions, the amount of absorbed hydrogen was much less than that in the acidic solutions, and the delayed fracture was likely to be induced by active path corrosion accompanying hydrogen absorption. The results of the present study imply that the hydrogen‐related degradation of performance of Ni‐Ti superelastic alloys occurs in the presence of fluoride. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 69A: 105–113, 2004
Stretch‐mediated responses of osteoblast‐like cells cultured on titanium‐coated substrates in vitro
Authors: Walboomers X. F. , Habraken W. J. E. M. , Feddes B. , Winter L. C. , Bumgardner J. D. , Jansen J. A. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractCyclic stretching experiments on osteoblast‐like cells have proven to be a useful tool in understanding the underlying mechanisms of load transduction at the bone–implant surface. However, most experimental setups use silicone rubber substrates, which are atypical for orthopedic and dental implant materials. Therefore, we investigated the responses of osteoblast‐like cells to loading on titanium (Ti)‐coated versus plain silicone substrates. Ti‐coated substrates were made by a radio‐frequency magnetron sputtering process, and characterized using Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and contact‐angle measurements. Osteoblast‐like cells cultured from rat bone marrow were seeded on both types of substrates and stretched for 1 h continuously. Subsequently, cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity, and calcium content were measured for up to 24 days after seeding. In addition light‐, scanning electron‐, and confocal laser scanning micrographs were made. The results showed that our Ti coating had a thickness of 50 nm and contained Ti/oxygen as 1:1. However, further characterization proved that the silicone material had a tendency to resurface through the coating. Osteoblast‐like cells proliferated faster on the Ti‐coated substrates, but differentiation was slower compared with the silicone substrates. It was concluded that that there was a definitive influence of the substrate material in mechanical stress models. Therefore, extrapolation of results obtained using silicone substrates cannot be translated directly toward the situation of metallic implant materials. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 69A: 131–139, 2004
Apparent viscoelastic anisotropy as measured from nondestructive oscillatory tests can reflect the presence of a flaw in cortical bone
Authors: Yeni Yener N. , Christopherson Gregory T. , Turner A. Simon , Les Clifford M. , Fyhrie David P. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThere is evidence that damage, viscoelastic stiffness properties, and postyield mechanical properties are related in bone tissue. Our objective was to test whether presence of a flaw would have an influence on the apparent viscoelastic properties of bone. Examining the effect of flaw orientation on apparent viscoelastic properties and utilization of dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) as a nondestructive means for detection of damage were our secondary objectives. Cortical bone beams (2 × 2 × 19 mm) machined from the cranial cortex of the radii of six Warhill sheep were used. The specimens were placed in a DMA machine and baseline measurements of storage modulus (E1) and loss factor (tan δ), once for loads in the craniocaudal and once in the mediolateral directions, were performed using a three‐point bending configuration for a frequency range of 1–10 Hz. Craniocaudal/mediolateral measurement ratio was calculated as a measure of anisotropy for tan δ and E1. After cutting a thin through‐thickness macroscopic notch on the caudal surface at the center of each beam, oscillatory tests were repeated. Two‐way repeated measures analysis of variance followed by Tukey's test was used with group (craniocaudal, mediolateral, notched craniocaudal, and notched mediolateral measurements) and frequency as factors. Regression analysis and analysis of covariance were used for examining the relationship between viscoelastic parameters and frequency. Tan δ and E1 were not different between craniocaudal and mediolateral measurements before the flaw was introduced (p > 0.8 and p = 1, respectively). In the presence of the flaw, tan δ was significantly increased (p < 0.003) whereas E1 was significantly reduced (p < 0.001) for craniocaudal measurements. Tan δ and E1 were nearly isotropic in the tested directions before the introduction of a flaw into the bone tissue. Introduction of a flaw resulted in increased tan δ and E1 anisotropy. Presence of a notch resulted in a significant increase in tan δ anisotropy with increasing frequency. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that cortical bone tissue exhibits a different apparent viscoelastic behavior in the presence of a flaw and depending on the flaw's orientation. Our finding that the presence of a notch and its orientation can be detected by nondestructive DMA suggests that in vivo techniques may be developed for detection of cortical bone damage. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 69A: 124–130, 2004
Towards a knowledge‐sharing scaffolding environment based on learners’ questions
Authors: Ng’ambi Dick , Hardman Joanne 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThis article describes a web‐based communicative space (a Dynamic Frequently Asked Questions environment—DFAQ) in which learners consult one another using questions, and in which both the flow of interaction and its artefacts become a resource available to a community of learners. Anecdotal evidence suggests that learners embarking on their first year of university study enter a world that is essentially text‐based and are inclined to view text as an authority, as something fixed that closes rather than opens up enquiry. Motivated by the need to scaffold learners’ engagement with academic text, we developed the DFAQ in which learners asked questions and other learners responded. The article discusses the learning activity that led to student consultation and provides a critical review of the environment based on student interviews. Our conclusion is that the environment provides learners with a unique ‘space’ in which to access questions and responses that they might not have generated themselves. Furthermore, given the environment's capacity to recruit, hold and focus attention as well as model appropriate questioning behaviour, we think that it does indeed provide a space that scaffolds learners’ engagement with the text.