bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
By Effective Means
Authors: Webb Philippa 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Drawing inspiration from David Caron’s Expert Opinion in Chevron Corporation and Texaco Petroleum Company v The Republic of Ecuador, this chapter examines “effective means” in terms of the cross-cutting concepts of undue delay and equality of arms in the jurisprudence of international human rights bodies and the International Court of Justice. It compares the consideration of these concepts in the context of “effective means” with their treatment as a component of the right to a fair trial. The Chevron litigation ultimately issued an award in favour of the claimants, finding that Ecuador violated its obligations under international treaties, investment agreements and international law. Since the tribunal found that applying the fair and equitable treatment standard the relevant Treaty was sufficient, it did not have to address in detail the meaning and effect of “effective means”. The tribunal therefore only made passing reference to Caron’s Expert Opinion. The Expert Opinion nonetheless stands as a masterful analysis of “effective means”, illuminated by his discussion of not only arbitral decisions but also the jurisprudence of regional human rights courts.
Cupid and Psyche and the Victorians
Authors: Harrison Stephen , May Regine 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter looks at William Morris’s extensive treatment (c.2,500 lines) in the quasi-Chaucerian The Earthly Paradise (1868–70), which like other nineteenth-century versions pays due attention to sexual decorum and Christian values, and the long poem Eros and Psyche by Robert Bridges (1885, rev. 1894), influenced by Morris. These significant versions clearly reflect the importance of medievalizing elements in mid-nineteenth-century British culture, closely linked to pre-Raphaelite art. C&P, from the best-known Roman novel, not unnaturally finds an interesting place in the English novel, which developed into the hegemonic literary form by the end of the nineteenth century. Lytton’s The Last Days of Pompeii, Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre, George Eliot’s Adam Bede, and Lewis Carroll’s Alice in Wonderland all allude significantly to C&P; the maritally successful protagonist Psyche is an attractive model for novelistic heroines and female authors of the time.
Cupid and Psyche in English since 1900
Authors: Harrison Stephen , May Regine 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The chief feature of the reception of Cupid and Psyche since 1900 has been the diversity of genres of adaptation. New technologies have offered new opportunities: there are some traces in cinema though no full adaptation, while Louis MacNeice wrote a radio play Cupid and Psyche in 1944, which shows many interesting elements of adjusting to the medium. Staged versions have still been popular—for example, sections in The Golden Ass, written for the Globe Theatre in London by Peter Oswald in 2002, and Mary Zimmerman’s Metamorphoses of 2002. Digital versions are now many and various, especially providing material for children and young adults. More traditional-style adaptations are found in the long stanzaic poem Perennia (1962) by Francis Warner, student of C. S. Lewis, who had offered his own version of C&P in the novel Till We have Faces (1956), while A. S. Byatt includes subtle allusions to C&P in both Possession (1990) and Morpho Eugenia (1992). Poets using the theme include especially the female writers Kathleen Raine and A .E. Stallings, as well as James Merrill.
Ṛgvedic Conceptions of the World Beyond and the Soul
Authors: Oberlies Thomas 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
As touched on in the previous chapters, dealing with death and the departed is largely conceptualised as a social interaction. Beliefs about an afterlife are scattered and not firmly established across the Ṛgveda, although the conception of the dead living on in a form of underworld (comparable to Hades) seems to prevail, and younger parts of the text present a kind of paradise. For the most part, however, Ṛgvedic conceptions of an afterlife remain intangible. This chapter seeks to explain this lack of coherent beliefs by examining another form of imagined afterlife, namely rebirth within the family. As far as can be deduced from the text, the religion of the Ṛgveda conceived of a type of rebirth that takes place within the individual’s own family, such that one’s great-great-grandfather is reborn in one’s grandson, making the afterlife a family matter. This has a parallel in the Roman religion, which also lacks any distinct opinion about an afterlife and exhibits strong ties between the mortuary cult and the institution of the family.
The Humanists and the Emperors
Authors: Muecke Frances 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The main aim of this chapter is to unpick the complexity of Biondo Flavio’s treatment of Roman emperors and the Roman empire in his Roma triumphans, a key text of the early Renaissance rediscovery of Rome. It focuses on how he navigates between his ancient sources, his historical aims, and the ideological and intellectual currents of his time—a time when the popes were trying to re-establish their authority in Rome and more broadly, through the idea of Rome, while others invoked Rome in the cause of free ‘republics’. Unlike some of his contemporaries, Biondo does not condemn the emperors en bloc for moral or political reasons, though virtue is the main criterion for his highlighting of Titus and Trajan as exemplary figures. He tries to present individual emperors on their merits. Through his enthusiastic endorsement of the success of Rome as an empire-state and his idealization of the Roman institutions underpinning it, he can be read as an anticipator of humanist imperialism.
Justice and Memory after Dictatorship
Authors: Grosescu Raluca 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This book provides a path-breaking socio-historical account of the global transformation of international criminal law (ICL) through the engagement of justice activists and national courts in Latin America and Central Eastern Europe (CEE). Based on ethnographic observation, analyses of jurisprudence, and interviews with lawyers and judicial officials from Argentina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Estonia, Guatemala, Lithuania, Paraguay, and Romania, it demonstrates how judges, prosecutors, and human rights campaigners constructed novel and counter-hegemonic readings of ICL to fight impunity and realize justice for gross human rights violations after the fall of the military and communist dictatorships at the end of the 1980s. These reinterpretations were fundamentally shaped by the legal education and specific visions about the relationship between law and politics of particular legal actors and organizations, including their quest to establish particular historical narratives about the dictatorial past and question an international order that peripheralized the political violence that had unfolded in Latin America and CEE during the Cold War. Rather than a set of neutrally constructed doctrines, rules, and procedures, this book helps to reveal how the law is enacted, fashioned, and refashioned at the intersection of history, politics, and the subjective attitudes of the legal actors towards the social world.
International Criminal Law from the Semi-Periphery: A Socio-Historical Approach
Authors: Grosescu Raluca 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Why do national courts often provide new and alternative readings of international criminal law (ICL)? How do judges, prosecutors, and human rights lawyers use this body of law in trials held against authoritarian officials, and how do they contribute to its reformulation and subsequent fragmentation across regions, countries, and jurisdictions? Such questions are important because justice for gross human rights remains a primarily domestic process. This introductory chapter highlights the value of socio-historical approaches to the study of ICL. It also underlines the role of two semi-peripheries of the world system—Latin America and Central Eastern Europe—in challenging the limits of a dominant international system powerless to render justice for atrocity crimes committed by military and communist dictatorships during the Cold War. The chapter outlines the book’s contribution to the research on the fragmentation of ICL. It proposes a new methodological framework of analysing how and why non-hegemonic readings of international norms emerge as a function of specific national historical constellations and the background and political engagement with the dictatorial past of the legal actors involved.
Sovereignty and Interstate Relations
Authors: Schröder Peter 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter shows how Pufendorf’s elaboration of state interest plays a crucial role to reinforce the observance of natural law by sovereign states. Pufendorf insists that individuals, as much as states, have an interest in observing the laws of nature. States need to strike a constant balance between conflicting interests. The laws of nature and political history provide the best available guidance. The state as a composite moral person is less prone to follow passionate and short-sighted inclinations than individuals in the state of nature. Judgement of the best interest rests with the state and its uniform expression of the sovereign will. Based on mutual recognition, a system of states is the best tool available to facilitate and foster the international observance of the laws of nature and the settling of competing interests of sovereign states.
Epilogue
Authors: Goodin Robert E. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter shows that the proper place of consent is much more modest than often supposed. Sometimes the rights at stake are exceedingly strong and the moral importance of not violating them without consent is likewise. (Consent to sex is like that.) Other times the rights in question morally pale in comparison to other moral values at stake (as when you need to use someone else’s pen without their permission to sign a document saving someone else’s life). Instead of fixating on ‘advance directives’ as a form of ‘conditional consent’ to be followed slavishly, doctors should instead feel much freer simply to do what is ‘in the best interests’ of their patients. Advance medical directives, like bequests, might better be seen merely as ‘expressions of a person’s wishes’ that we ought to abide by purely out of respect for that person.
Constitutional Cultures
Authors: Saunders Cheryl 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines the relevance of culture for the establishment and resilience of constitutional democracy. It seeks both to understand the impact of culture on constitutional endurance and to identify responses that may be useful to maximise resilience. Consistently with the concept for the book, the chapter draws, for these purposes, on seven country case studies from Asia and Africa that, between them, offer a range of experiences with democratisation. The analysis begins by exploring the properties of culture that have a bearing on constitutional democracy and identifying the variety of communities with whom aspects of culture might be associated. A necessarily stylised distinction is drawn between three phases in making and maintaining democratic constitutions: the period during which the foundations are laid, implementation of a new or changed constitution, and consolidation over time. The findings of the chapter endorse the relevance of culture. They also point to some critical questions that remain unresolved about how constitutional culture can be adapted within a confined time frame to support extensive constitutional change.
Coup and Decay
Authors: Tonsakulrungruang Khemthong 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Thailand has suffered from a phenomenon known as abusive constitutionalism, where a constitution does not produce vibrant democracy. On the contrary, an authoritarian leader employs a constitutional change to entrench its rule and undermine democracy. This chapter traces Thailand’s rapid decay from 2014 to 2020, where a military junta ordered the drafting of the 2017 Constitution and conditioned its electoral victory. However, this chapter argues that the junta could not act alone. A network of anti-democratic elites (namely, royalists, the military, the judiciary, and business conglomerates) were responsible. They are bound by the political, economic, and—most importantly—ideological tie of Thai-style democracy, which places nationalism, royalism, and moralism over democratic values such as rights and liberties, a free and fair election, and the supremacy of the Constitution. This chapter explores how the anti-democratic network develops such a concept and discusses the impact of abusive constitutionalism.
A Vision for Arts-Based Social Work Research
Authors: Pinto Rogério M. , Huss Ephrat , Chapman Mimi V. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Chapter 6 begins the discourse on arts-based research methodology. Consummate researchers open this powerful discussion, exploring how art expands the research palate, making it accessible to a broader array of social work researchers and scholars. The chapter illustrates how artworks can be situated in distinctive roles, such as those of study subject, research method, or product outcome. A formidable rationale is provided for arts-based social work research, highlighting the use of participatory methods that inform lived realities in ways that the exclusive use of data-based inquiry does not necessarily capture; the arts-based social work directly addresses societal power imbalances. Collectively, they speak of the potency of art to bring forth silenced narratives and surface faces of oppression and raise taboo subjects that both empower participants’ authorship and protect them from undue harm.
“When I Hold the Door for You”
Authors: Williams Maya 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In this chapter, a collection of poetry and prose that actualizes the intersectional nature of social workers/artists through poetry, practice, and public performance is powerfully shared. The work calls for consideration of the ways in which the social work profession has fallen short of its ethical obligations and, more importantly, its professional promises by de-individualizing the client/worker relationship and erasing their truths. The chapter departs from traditional scholarship: It is blunt, bold, and rich with merging of the personal with the political, a remarkable sharing of writings about complex and controversial topics at the heart of social work and life’s many challenges.
Loyalty and the Reception of Buddhism in China
Authors: Kalmanson Leah 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter surveys debates connected with issues of loyalty in the reception of Buddhism in East Asia and strategies used to acculturate Buddhism to the Confucian social context. Whereas thinkers in the Buddhist tradition tended to emphasize a universal ethics of compassion, the indigenous Chinese tradition tended to focus on specific loyalties grounded in concrete circumstances. Exchanges between them thus clarify and illuminate many of the issues that arise in connection with loyalty in other philosophical traditions: for instance, questions regarding the value of personal and political attachments and the interplay between such attachments and more general ethical values and principles. Ultimately, Buddhism’s ability to become well-established in East Asia was largely grounded in its strategy of foregrounding its relevance to the kinds of relationships in which the value of loyalty features, both in personal and political contexts.
Making Sense of Regret
Authors: McQueen Paddy 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines different views about how we should understand the nature of regret. It argues that regret should be defined as the feeling of self-reproach at making a mistake. In so doing, it distinguishes regret from related, but distinct, emotions, such as guilt, remorse, disappointment, and sadness. Although this differs from how many philosophers understand regret, it is supported by the substantial psychological literature on regret and an argument for value of separating emotions as distinct affective, behavioural states. The chapter then examines Carolyn Price’s claim that regret comes in many “flavours” and, thus, there are several distinct types of regret. It concludes by considering what the rational and intelligible limits of regret, and hence what it is coherent and incoherent to regret.
Reasons, Mistakes, and Justified Decisions
Authors: McQueen Paddy 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter explains and defends the book’s main argument, which is that we should only regret the mistakes that we make. It defines a “mistake” as a decision you make that was not justified by the practical reasons that were epistemically to you at the time. Thus, it denies that decisions can be justified retrospectively. It explains what is meant by “practical reasons” and reasons being “epistemically available”. In so doing, it defends a perspective-dependent account of reasons and practical justification. It contrasts this view with Bernard Williams’s influential defence of retrospective justification and Thomas Nagel’s defence of tenseless reasons. It then indicates the relevance of transformative experiences for analysing regret, before concluding with a discussion of akrasia and regret. The result is a comprehensive account of when we should, and should not, experience regret.
The Social Structuring of Regret
Authors: McQueen Paddy 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter sets out a cultural politics of regret. It explores the various functions or effects that regret has, as well as some of the ways that experiences of regret are shaped by social discourses. It focuses on the impact that beliefs about gender and motherhood have on women’s experiences of regret. In particular, it shows how pronatalism—which defines women in terms of motherhood and asserts that raising children is women’s primary source of happiness—regulates women’s regrets. Women who have children are precluded from regretting this, and heavily stigmatised if they do, whilst women who choose to forgo motherhood are expected to regret this deeply. Challenging these assumptions, the chapter shows that some women do regret having children, whilst many voluntarily childfree women are happy with forgoing motherhood.
Epistemic Microaggressions
Authors: Freeman Lauren , Stewart Heather 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter provides an overview and analysis of epistemic microaggressions. In medical contexts, epistemic microaggressions are intentional or unintentional verbal or gestural slights made by healthcare professionals that dismiss, ignore, or otherwise fail to recognize claims that patients make about their bodies. Epistemic microaggressions result in epistemic harm to recipients, namely, harm to them in their capacity as knowers. Drawing on medical cases of patients who are members of marginalized groups, the chapter demonstrates how epistemic microaggressions can lead to a variety of serious short- and long-term harms for patients and therefore ought to be avoided by healthcare professionals. Special attention is paid to the moral significance of epistemic microaggressions in medical contexts.
Emotional Microaggressions
Authors: Freeman Lauren , Stewart Heather 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter provides an overview and analysis of emotional microaggressions. In medical contexts, emotional microaggressions occur when healthcare professionals or family members fail to take patients’ emotional reactions to and experiences of their diagnoses and illnesses seriously, or when they ignore them altogether. Emotional microaggressions consist of seemingly small indignities directed at patients, frequently motivated by assumptions about what constitutes appropriate emotional responses to medical symptoms and diagnoses and often compounded by stereotypes about emotions as they relate to race, sexuality, and especially to gender. Guided by case studies of patients who are members of one or more marginalized groups, the chapter demonstrates how emotional microaggressions are harmful to patients in emotional and other ways. It also discusses the relationship between emotional microaggressions and gaslighting. Ultimately, it illustrates the severity of emotional microaggressions in medical contexts and calls upon healthcare professionals to find ways to avoid them.
Self-Identity Microaggressions
Authors: Freeman Lauren , Stewart Heather 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter provides an overview and analysis of self-identity microaggressions. Self-identity microaggressions occur when healthcare professionals (or others) undermine or fail to recognize the marginalized identities of patients and the realities of their lived experiences as people with those identities or who are embodied in nonnormative ways (such as on the basis of being trans or nonbinary, or on the basis of their body size). Though often subtle to the ones committing them, self-identity microaggressions treat patients as less than fully human. As a result, recipients might internalize their marginalized status, which can result in a variety of harms to their health and general well-being. The chapter examines case studies of trans, nonbinary, and fat patients who have had aspects of their identities and embodied realities undermined, dismissed, or erased. As with epistemic and emotional microaggressions, self-identity microaggressions in medical contexts can cause serious short- and long-term harms; therefore, they ought to be understood, recognized, and avoided as much as possible by healthcare professionals.
How to Avoid Committing Microaggressions
Authors: Freeman Lauren , Stewart Heather 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter serves as a practical guide for current and future healthcare professionals. It considers structural, social, environmental, and institutional factors that contribute to the prevalence of microaggressions in medical contexts and offers tips and strategies to avoid committing them. Specifically, it provides guidance for how healthcare practitioners and institutions can change their practices and policies to ensure that their workplaces are as inclusive, equitable, welcoming, and patient-centered as possible for patients of all identities and experiences. The chapter ends with an invitation to readers to develop strategies of their own for reducing microaggressions in their practices, provides sample rubrics to measure the success of those strategies, and suggests further avenues for continuing to learn about the lived experiences of patients with intersectional marginalized identities.
Truth-Loving Epistemic Consequentialism and Trade-Offs
Authors: Singer Daniel J. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter introduces the main theory of right belief that the book defends, truth-loving epistemic consequentialism, and it begins defending the view from trade-off objections. According to the truth-loving epistemic consequentialist, the right belief is the belief that, among the available options, best promotes having true beliefs and not having false beliefs. The chapter brings out many different kinds of intuitions that favor this view, and it shows why they support this view rather than other views. The second half of the chapter begins the defense of the view from trade-off objections (which is continued in the next chapter). This chapter argues that there are some epistemically permissible trade-offs. That shows against the opponents of epistemic consequentialism who claim that the view is wrong to ever sanction trading-off the goodness of one of our beliefs for the goodness of our entire doxastic state.