bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Transdiagnostic Study of Effort-Cost Decision-Making in Psychotic and Mood Disorders
Authors: Culbreth Adam J , Moran Erin K , Mahaphanit Wasita , Erickson Molly A , Boudewyn Megan A , Frank Michael J , Barch Deanna M , MacDonald Angus W , Ragland J Daniel , Luck Steven J , Silverstein Steven M , Carter Cameron S , Gold James M 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Research suggests that effort-cost decision-making (ECDM), the estimation of work required to obtain reward, may be a relevant framework for understanding motivational impairment in psychotic and mood pathology. Specifically, research has suggested that people with psychotic and mood pathology experience effort as more costly than controls, and thus pursue effortful goals less frequently. This study examined ECDM across psychotic and mood pathology.

Hypothesis
We hypothesized that patient groups would show reduced willingness to expend effort compared to controls.

Study Design
People with schizophrenia (N = 33), schizoaffective disorder (N = 28), bipolar disorder (N = 39), major depressive disorder (N = 40), and controls (N = 70) completed a physical ECDM task. Participants decided between completing a low-effort or high-effort option for small or larger rewards, respectively. Reward magnitude, reward probability, and effort magnitude varied trial-by-trial. Data were analyzed using standard and hierarchical logistic regression analyses to assess the subject-specific contribution of various factors to choice. Negative symptoms were measured with a clinician-rated interview.

Study Results
There was a significant effect of group, driven by reduced choice of high-effort options in schizophrenia. Hierarchical logistic regression revealed that reduced choice of high-effort options in schizophrenia was driven by weaker contributions of probability information. Use of reward information was inversely associated with motivational impairment in schizophrenia. Surprisingly, individuals with major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder did not differ from controls.

Conclusions
Our results provide support for ECDM deficits in schizophrenia. Additionally, differences between groups in ECDM suggest a seemingly similar behavioral phenotype, reduced motivation, could arise from disparate mechanisms.
Response of lymphatic endothelial cells to combined spatial and temporal variations in fluid flow
Authors: Michalaki Eleftheria , Surya Vinay N. , Rodríguez‐Hakim Mariana , Fuller Gerald G. , Dunn Alexander R. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractOne‐way valves within lymphatic vessels are required for the efficient drainage of lymphatic fluids. Fluid flow is proposed to be a key cue in regulating both the formation and maintenance of lymphatic valves. However, to our knowledge, no previous study has systematically examined the response of LECs to the complex combination of spatially and temporally varying fluid flows that occur at lymphatic valves in vivo. We built an in vitro microfluidic device that reproduces key aspects of the flow environment found at lymphatic valves. Using this device, we found that a combination of spatially and temporally varying wall shear stresses (WSSs) led to upregulated transcription of PROX1 and FOXC2. In addition, we observed that combined spatial and temporal variations in WSS‐modulated Ca2+ signaling and led to increased cellular levels of NFATc1. These observations suggest that the physical cues generated by the flow environment present within lymphatic valves may act to activate key regulatory pathways that contribute to valve maintenance.
Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy and Mortality in Critically Ill Obese Adults
Authors: Peters Bradley J. , Barreto Erin F. , Mara Kristin C. , Kashani Kianoush B. 
Published: October 2023

IMPORTANCE:
The outcomes of critically ill adults with obesity on continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) are poorly characterized. The impact of CRRT dose on these outcomes is uncertain.

OBJECTIVES:
This study aimed to determine if obesity conferred a survival advantage for critically ill adults with acute kidney injury (AKI) on CRRT. Secondarily, we evaluated whether the dose of CRRT predicted mortality in this population.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS:
A retrospective, observational cohort study performed at an academic medical center in Minnesota. The study population included critically ill adults with AKI managed with CRRT.

MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES:
The primary outcome of 30-day mortality was compared between obese (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 30 kg/m2) and nonobese (BMI < 30 kg/m2) patients. Multivariable regression assessed was used to assess CRRT dose as a predictor of outcomes. An analysis included dose indexed according to actual body weight (ABW), adjusted body weight (AdjBW), or ideal body weight (IBW).

RESULTS:
Among 1033 included patients, the median (interquartile range) BMI was 26 kg/m2 (23–28 kg/m2) in the nonobese group and 36 kg/m2 (32–41 kg/m2) in the obese group. Mortality was similar between groups at 30 days (54% vs. 48%; p = 0.06) but lower in the obese group at 90 days (62% vs. 55%; p = 0.02). CRRT dose predicted an increase in mortality when indexed according to ABW or AdjBW (hazard ratio [HR], 1.2–1.16) but not IBW (HR, 1.04).

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE:
In critically ill adults with AKI requiring CRRT, short-term mortality appeared lower in obese patients compared with nonobese patients. Among weight calculations, IBW appears to be preferred to promote safe CRRT dosing in obese patients.
Reducing health disparities in endometrial cancer care in 2024
Authors: Stewart Chelsea E. , Nañez Andrea , Ayoola-Adeola Martins , Chase Dana 
Published: October 2023

Purpose of review
To summarize the most recent publications explaining disparities among patients diagnosed with endometrial cancer and identify areas of improvement.

Recent findings
Racial disparities in endometrial cancer care have been identified along the cancer continuum including risk, diagnosis, access to treatment, and overall survival. The mortality gap in endometrial cancer is one of the top five widest Black–White mortality gaps among all cancer diagnoses in the United States. Many publications have demonstrated that the disparities exist, the aim of this review is to identify actionable areas of improvement. To mitigate racial disparities, we must acknowledge that Black patients are at higher risk of high-risk subtypes of endometrial cancer, and their presentation can vary from what is considered typical for the most common type of endometrial cancer. We must address that practice recommendations for diagnosis may not be generalizable to all races and ethnicities, and that racism has an impact on how providers approach a work-up for Black vs. White patients. Finally, we must improve access to appropriate treatment by steadfastly adhering to recommended practice guidelines regardless of race/ethnicity and improving efforts to enroll a diverse patient population to clinical trials.

Summary
In this review, we sought to identify specific and actionable areas of improvement to reduce racial disparities in endometrial cancer care.
Sarcopenia is associated with osteopenia and impaired quality of life in children with genetic intrahepatic cholestatic liver disease
Authors: Boster Julia M. , Goodrich Nathan P. , Spino Cathie , Loomes Kathleen M. , Alonso Estella M. , Kamath Binita M. , Sokol Ronald J. , Karpen Saul , Miethke Alexander , Shneider Benjamin L. , Molleston Jean P. , Kohli Rohit , Horslen Simon P. , Rosenthal Philip , Valentino Pamela L. , Teckman Jeffrey H. , Hangartner Thomas N. , Sundaram Shikha S. ,   the Childhood Liver Disease Research Network (ChiLDReN)
Published: October 2023

Background:
Sarcopenia occurs in pediatric chronic liver disease, although the prevalence and contributing factors in genetic intrahepatic cholestasis are not well-described. The objective of this study was to measure muscle mass in school-aged children with genetic intrahepatic cholestasis and assess relationships between sarcopenia, clinical variables, and outcomes.

Methods:
Estimated skeletal muscle mass (eSMM) was calculated on dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry obtained in a Childhood Liver Disease Research Network study of children with bile acid synthesis disorders(BASD) alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (a1ATd), chronic intrahepatic cholestasis (CIC), and Alagille syndrome (ALGS). Relationships between eSMM, liver disease, and transplant-free survival were assessed.

Results:
eSMM was calculated in 127 participants (5–18 y): 12 BASD, 41 a1ATd, 33 CIC, and 41 ALGS. eSMM z-score was lower in CIC (−1.6 ± 1.3) and ALGS (−2.1 ± 1.0) than BASD (-0.1 ± 1.1) and a1ATd (−0.5 ± 0.8, p < 0.001). Sarcopenia (defined as eSMM z-score ≤− 2) was present in 33.3% of CIC and 41.5% of ALGS participants. eSMM correlated with bone mineral density in the 4 disease groups (r=0.52–0.55, p < 0.001–0.07), but not serum bile acids, bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase/platelet ratio index, or clinically evident portal hypertension. Of the 2 patients who died (1 with sarcopenia) and 18 who underwent liver transplant (LT, 4 with sarcopenia), eSMM z-score did not predict transplant-free survival. eSMM z-score correlated with the Physical Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory score (r=0.38–0.53, p = 0.007–0.04) in CIC and a1ATd.

Conclusion:
Severe sarcopenia occurs in some children with ALGS and CIC. The lack of correlation between eSMM and biochemical cholestasis suggests mechanisms beyond cholestasis contribute to sarcopenia. While sarcopenia did not predict transplant-free survival, LT and death were infrequent events. Future studies may define mechanisms of sarcopenia in genetic intrahepatic cholestasis.
Recent Trends in the Cumulative Incidence and Intervention Patterns of Retinopathy of Prematurity in Japan: A Multi-Center Analysis, 2011–2020
Authors: Zhou Han Peng , Hashimoto Yohei , Araki Fumiyuki , Sugimoto Koichiro , Nagahara Masako , Matsui Hiroki , Fushimi Kiyohide , Yasunaga Hideo , Aihara Makoto , Toyama Taku , Ueta Takashi 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Purpose:
To investigate recent trends in the cumulative incidence and treatment patterns of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in Japan.

Methods:
A retrospective multi-center cohort was conducted from 2011 to 2020 using the Diagnosis Procedure Combination inpatient database. Preterm newborns with birth weight <2500g were categorized by birth weight. The cumulative incidence of ROP, treatment patterns, and association between treatment and birth weight was investigated.

Result:
A total of 82,683 preterm infants were identified, of whom 9,335 (11.3%) were diagnosed with ROP. The cumulative incidence of ROP increased by 15% in those with birth weight <500g over the study period. Among the ROP infants, 20.2% received treatment, including laser photocoagulation (94.8%), intravitreal injection (3.8%), or both (1.8%). The proportion receiving laser photocoagulation decreased followed by an increase in intravitreal injection. This shift in intervention pattern was most conspicuous for those with birth weight 750–1249g. The risk ratio of receiving laser and intravitreal injection for those weighing <500g were 24.7 (95% confidence interval, 10.5–58.2) and 28.4 (5.8–138.1), respectively, as compared to infants weighing >1500g.

Conclusion:
The cumulative incidence of ROP increased in infants with birth weight <500g. A shift from laser photocoagulation to intravitreal injection was observed in the more recent years.
Optimum pinhole size determination in pinhole pupilloplasty for higher-order aberrations
Authors: Kumar Dhivya Ashok , Narang Priya , Holladay Jack , Sivagnanam Soundari , Narang Rhea , Agarwal Ashvin , Agarwal Amar 
Published: October 2023

Purpose:
To determine optimal pinhole size (OPS) and establish a relationship with visual acuity (VA) and RMS (root mean square) values in cases with higher-order aberrations (HOAs) undergoing pinhole pupilloplasty (PPP).

Setting:
Private practice, India.

Design:
Prospective, interventional study.

Methods:
RMS value for 6-mm–diameter optical zone was determined by Scheimpflug imaging (Pentacam). Patients with RMS value >0.3 μm were included. Preoperatively, a hand-held pinhole gauge with varied apertures determined the OPS, and single-pass four-throw technique was used to perform pupilloplasty with Purkinje-1 reflex as a marker for centration. VA with OPS, correlation of RMS values with OPS and pupil size, and Strehl ratio were the main outcome measures.

Results:
29 eyes with HOAs were analyzed; all patients chose 1.0 or 1.5 mm as OPS. The mean preoperative and postoperative pupil size was 3.25 ± 0.81 mm and 1.8 ± 0.54 mm (P = .000), respectively. Postoperative mean pupil size when compared with OPS denoted that 14 eyes had a difference of <0.1 mm, 8 eyes ranged from 0.2 to 0.45 mm, and 7 eyes had ≥0.6 mm (range from 0.6 to 1.8 mm) difference from OPS. Eyes with higher RMS values needed smaller pupil gauge to achieve better VA. Preoperatively, vision with OPS correlated well with preoperative 6-mm RMS HOAs (r = 0.728; P = .00). Postoperative UDVA correlated well with VA measured with OPS (r = 0.847; P = .00). The preoperative and postoperative mean Strehl ratio was 0.109 ± 0.07 and 0.195 ± 0.11 (P = .001), respectively.

Conclusions:
Higher RMS values required a smaller pupil to achieve optimum VA. PPP can help achieve pinhole size in accordance with patient's optimum pinhole requirement.
Investigation of the quarter-dose 18F-FDG total-body PET in routine clinical practice and its clinical value
Authors: Zhao Minjie , Zan Keyu , Cui Xiao , Chai Leiying , Ge Min , Cheng Zhaoping , Sun Hongyan , Duan Yanhua 
Published: October 2023

Objective
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the routine clinical application of total-body PET with quarter-dose 18F-FDG.

Methods
The contrast recovery coefficient (CRC) and coefficient of variation (COV) were evaluated among full-, half-, and quarter-dose groups with an acquisition duration of 10-, 5-, 3-, and 1-min in the NEMA (IQ) phantom test. Fifty patients undergoing total-body PET/CT with quarter-dose (0.925MBq/kg) of 18F-FDG were included in the prospective study. The acquisition time was 10 min, divided into duration groups of 5-, 3-, and 1-min, referred to as G10, G5, G3, and G1. Visual scores were assessed based on overall visual assessment, noise scoring, and lesion conspicuity. Lesion SUVmax and TBR were evaluated in semi-quantitative analysis. G10 was used as the gold reference to evaluate lesion detectability.

Results
In the phantom study, the COV value of the images with quarter-dose 18F-FDG and 10-min acquisition time was 11.52%. For spheres with 10 mm diameter, the CRC of quarter-dose PET images was relatively stable compared to that of full-dose groups with all acquisition durations. In the human study, the visual score in G10, G5, and G3 was significantly higher than that in G1. The differences in lesion SUVmax and TBR for G1-G10 were significantly higher than that for G5-G10 and G3-G10. All lesions in G10 could be identified in G5 and G3.

Conclusion
The phantom and human findings demonstrated the feasibility of quarter-dose 18F-FDG PET with 3-min acquisition time, which can maintain image quality with reduced radiation dose.
Muscle transposition and free muscle transfer in facial nerve reanimation
Authors: Jones Kia , Taylor S. Mark , AL Afif Ayham 
Published: October 2023

Purpose of review
This review highlights recent advances in facial reanimation surgery particularly related to muscle transposition and free functional muscle transfer (FFMT).

Recent findings
FFMT and muscle transposition are mainstays in the treatment of chronic facial paralysis. Recent literature evaluates single versus dual innervated FFMT, reanimation of the periocular region and lower lip depressors, and indications for such methods over gold standard FFMT techniques. New donor sites for muscle transposition and FFMT are also described.

Summary
Gracilis FFMT (GFMT) continues to be the gold standard in dynamic facial reanimation for patients with chronic facial paralysis. Muscle transposition should be considered in older patients, those medically unfit for long operative procedures, and individuals who prefer more immediate results. With respect to FFMT, described nerve coaptation patterns, surgical stages, and donor muscle choice vary. Standardization of data reporting and outcome measures is needed in future studies.
Innovative surgical techniques in the intestine and multivisceral transplant
Authors: Abreu Phillipe , Manzi Joao , Vianna Rodrigo 
Published: October 2023

Purpose of review
This timely review delves into the evolution of multivisceral transplantation (MVT) over the past six decades underscoring how advancements in surgical techniques and immunosuppression have driven transformation, to provide insight into the historical development of MVT, shedding light on its journey from experimentation to a valuable clinical approach.

Recent findings
The review presents contemporary enhancements in surgical methods within the context of intestinal transplantation. The versatility of MVT is emphasized, accommodating diverse organ combinations and techniques. Both isolated intestinal transplantation (IIT) and MVT have seen expanded indications, driven by improved parenteral nutrition, transplantation outcomes, and surgical innovations. Surgical techniques are tailored based on graft type, with various approaches for isolated transplantation. Preservation strategies and ostomy techniques are also covered, along with graft assessment advancements involving donor-specific antibodies.

Summary
This review's findings underscore the remarkable evolution of MVT from experimental origins to a comprehensive clinical practice. The progress in surgical techniques and immunosuppression has broadened the spectrum of patients who can benefit from intestinal transplant, including both IIT and MVT. The expansion of indications offers hope to patients with complex gastrointestinal disorders. The detection of donor-specific antibodies in graft assessment advances diagnostic accuracy, ultimately improving patient outcomes.
Overview of current applications and trends in artificial intelligence for cystoscopy and transurethral resection of bladder tumours
Authors: Ikeda Atsushi , Nosato Hirokazu 
Published: October 2023

Purpose of review
Accurate preoperative and intraoperative identification and complete resection of bladder cancer is essential. Adequate postoperative follow-up and observation are important to identify early intravesical recurrence or progression. However, the accuracy of diagnosis and treatment is dependent on the knowledge and experience of the physicians. Artificial intelligence (AI) can be an important tool for physicians performing cystoscopies.

Recent findings
Reports published over the past year and a half have identified an adequate amount of cystoscopy datasets for deep learning, with rich datasets of multiple tumour types including images of flat, carcinoma-in-situ, and elevated lesions, and more diverse applications. In addition to detecting bladder tumours, AI can assist in diagnosing interstitial cystitis. Applications of AI using conventional white-light and also to bladder endoscopy with different image enhancement techniques and manufacturers is underway. A framework has also been proposed to standardise the management of clinical data from cystoscopy to aid education and AI development and to compare with gastrointestinal endoscopic AI. Although real-world clinical applications have lagged, technological developments are progressing.

Summary
AI-based cystoscopy is likely to become an important tool and is expected to have real-world clinical applications comprehensively linking AI and imaging, data management systems, and clinicians.

Video abstract

http://links.lww.com/COU/A45
Treatment of hard-to-heal wound after huge scalp tumor resection and reconstruction: a case report
Authors: Wang Lei , Ren Nianjun , Tang Zhi , Zhang Hailin , He Zhengwen 
Published: October 2023

Introduction and importance:Free skin flap transplantation and titanium mesh reconstruction can effectively repair the scalp and skull defects caused by massive scalp tumour resection. Postoperative flap infection is a common complication. Due to the presence of titanium mesh, once infection occurs, a second operation is required to remove the titanium mesh, which brings a great physical and economic burden to the patient.Case presentation:In this case of postoperative infection, the authors used a conservative treatment based on dressing change, preserved the titanium mesh and flap, avoided secondary surgery, and successfully controlled the infection.Clinical discussion:The treatment strategy is mainly divided into three steps: the first stage is to control infection, the authors use complexed iodine to repeatedly disinfect wounds, subcutaneous dead space, exposed titanium mesh, and antibiotic treatment for bacterial culture results; the second stage is to promote granulation growth, After infection control, the authors remove old granulation after each wound disinfection, and then instill fibroblast growth factor to promote subcutaneous granulation growth to fill dead space, and also provide a base platform for epidermal growth; the third stage is mainly epidermal healing, Change the dressing every day to observe the growth of the epidermis.Conclusion:This case suggests that conservative treatment strategy based on dressing change is also a potential treatment option for postoperative infection of the flap with exposure of the titanium plate.
Factors affecting completeness of anaesthetic record: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Limpoon Suwimon , Seangrung Rattaphol , Nimmankiatkul Apichaya 
Published: October 2023

Background:
Anaesthesia Information Management Systems (AIMS) are of critical importance for ensuring the comprehensive recording of anaesthesia data. This study aimed to investigate the factors influencing the completeness of anaesthetic records created by various healthcare professionals including anesthesiologists, nurse anaesthetists, residents/fellows, and anaesthetic nurse trainees.

Methods:
Employing an online Google Forms questionnaire, this descriptive research focused on understanding the factors contributing to the completeness of anaesthetic records. The survey was distributed to all anaesthesia personnel in the department, comprising a total of 165 participants. The questionnaire encompassed three primary aspects:(1) personal information, (2) knowledge related to recording anaesthetic records, and (3) concerns related to achieving high-quality record-keeping. To assess completeness, anaesthetic record forms were evaluated based on the 2020 Medical Record Audit Guideline of Thailand’s National Health Security Office, with a completeness rate exceeding 80% deemed acceptable. Spearman’s rank correlation was employed to analyze the connections between the associated factors and completeness of anaesthetic records.

Results:
From August to October 2021, 165 records were examined, indicating a completeness rate of 89.7%. Several factors exhibited significant correlations with the completeness of anaesthetic records. These included age (r = −0.223; P=0.004), job position (r = 0.44; P<0.001), years of anaesthesia experience (r = −0.208; P=0.007), experience in anaesthetic record training/teaching (r = 0.181; P=0.02), and attitude emphasizing high-quality record-keeping (r = 0.167; P=0.032).

Conclusion:
While personal attributes emerged as pivotal factors influencing record completeness, continuous training and a collaborative attitude were identified as critical for maintaining sustainability and achieving record-keeping goals.