bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reduction of joint damage in severe rheumatoid arthritis by high‐dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation
Authors: Verburg Robert J. , Sont Jacob K. , van Laar Jacob M. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the influence of high‐dose chemotherapy (HDC) and autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) on joint damage in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.MethodsEight patients with active, refractory, progressively erosive RA were treated. The conditioning regimen consisted of intravenous administration of high doses of cyclophosphamide (totaling 200 mg/kg), with subsequent reinfusion of the positively selected graft. Radiographs of hands and feet were obtained before, and at 1 and 2 years after transplantation. All radiographs of hands and feet obtained up to 6 years before transplantation were also collected to compare radiographic progression before and after HDC + ASCT. Scoring of all radiographs was performed according to the Larsen scale by a trained investigator who was blinded with regard to the clinical data.ResultsRadiographic assessment by the Larsen scale showed a decreased progression of joint damage. Before transplantation, the mean Larsen score increased at a rate of 8.9 points per year. During the 2 years after transplantation, the mean rate of progression in the Larsen score decreased to 2.7 points per year (P = 0.023 by paired t‐test).ConclusionThe results of the present analysis demonstrate major beneficial effects of HDC + ASCT on the rate of joint destruction during the first 2 years of followup after treatment.
A randomized, double‐blind clinical trial of two doses of meloxicam compared with naproxen in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: Short‐ and long‐term efficacy and safety results
Authors: Ruperto Nicolino , Nikishina Irina , Pachanov Evgueni D. , Shachbazian Ynessa , Prieur Anne Marie , Mouy Richard , Joos Rik , Zulian Francesco , Schwarz Rudolf , Artamonova Valeria , Emminger Wolfgang , Bandeira Marcia , Buoncompagni Antonella , Foeldvari Ivan , Falcini Fernanda , Baildam Eileen , Kone‐Paut Isabelle , Alessio Maria , Gerloni Valeria , Lenhardt Alessandro , Martini Alberto , Hanft Gertraud , Sigmund Ralf , Simianer Stefan 
Published: February 2005

AbstractObjectiveIn an international, multicenter, double‐blind, randomized clinical trial we evaluated the short‐term (3 months) and long‐term (12 months) efficacy and safety of 2 different doses of meloxicam oral suspension compared with the efficacy and safety of naproxen oral suspension in children with oligoarticular‐course (oligo‐course) or polyarticular‐course (poly‐course) juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).MethodsChildren ages 2–16 years who had active oligo‐course or poly‐course JIA and who required therapy with a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug were eligible for this trial. Patients were randomly allocated to receive therapy with meloxicam oral suspension, 0.125 mg/kg body weight in a single daily dose; meloxicam oral suspension, 0.25 mg/kg body weight in a single daily dose; or naproxen, 10 mg/kg body weight in 2 daily doses. The trial drugs were administered in a double‐blind, double‐dummy design for up to 12 months. Response rates were determined according to the American College of Rheumatology pediatric 30% improvement criteria (ACR pediatric 30). Safety parameters were assessed by evaluating the frequency of adverse events in the 3 groups.ResultsOf 232 patients enrolled, 225 received treatment, 6 were not eligible for randomization, and 1 randomized patient was not treated. One hundred eighty‐two patients (81%) completed the 12‐month treatment period. Response rates according to the ACR pediatric 30 criteria improved from month 3 to month 12, as follows: from 63% to 77% in the meloxicam 0.125 mg/kg group, from 58% to 76% in the meloxicam 0.25 mg/kg group, and from 64% to 74% in the naproxen group. No statistically significant differences in response rates were observed between the groups. There were no differences in the frequency of adverse events or abnormal laboratory values between the 3 groups.ConclusionThe short‐ and long‐term safety and efficacy of meloxicam oral suspension appear to be comparable with the safety and efficacy of naproxen oral suspension in the treatment of oligo‐course and poly‐course JIA. The once‐daily administration of meloxicam oral suspension might represent an improvement in the treatment of JIA.
Cross‐reactivity of human lupus anti‐DNA antibodies with α‐actinin and nephritogenic potential
Authors: Zhao Zeguo , Weinstein Elena , Tuzova Marina , Davidson Anne , Mundel Peter , Marambio Paola , Putterman Chaim 
Published: February 2005

AbstractObjectiveCross‐reactivity with kidney antigens is believed to be a critical determinant in the renal pathogenicity of anti–double‐stranded DNA (anti‐dsDNA) antibodies. Murine nephritogenic anti‐dsDNA antibodies have been shown to cross‐react with α‐actinin, and anti–α‐actinin antibodies have been found to be deposited in the kidneys of lupus mice with active nephritis. Furthermore, in humans with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), it has been found that a greater proportion of polyclonal IgG anti‐dsDNA antibodies from patients with renal involvement bind to α‐actinin than do those from patients without renal disease. We undertook this study to substantiate a direct link between cross‐reactive anti‐dsDNA/anti–α‐actinin antibodies and the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis in humans.MethodsA panel of 10 anti‐dsDNA and/or anti–α‐actinin antibodies was generated by Epstein‐Barr virus transformation of lymphocytes from patients with SLE and was extensively characterized. Antibody binding was studied by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and Western blotting. Antibody potential for pathogenicity was assessed by measuring binding to isolated glomeruli and mesangial cells and by evaluation of histologic features of the kidney following injection in vivo.ResultsAll anti‐dsDNA antibodies isolated also bound α‐actinin. Cross‐reactive antibodies bound to mesangial cells and to isolated glomeruli ex vivo. Binding to glomeruli was not inhibited by DNase treatment, but could be abrogated by α‐actinin. Furthermore, histopathologic abnormalities seen in mice injected intraperitoneally with a cross‐reactive cell line included fusion of podocyte foot processes and subepithelial and subendothelial deposition.ConclusionThese studies provide strong support for the hypothesis that α‐actinin is a major cross‐reactive target for anti‐dsDNA antibodies in SLE patients. Cross‐reactive anti‐dsDNA/anti–α‐actinin antibodies from SLE patients are pathogenic and may contribute to the kidney lesions in lupus nephritis.
Regulation of myeloid cell function and major histocompatibility complex class II expression by tumor necrosis factor
Authors: Mueller Ruediger B. , Skapenko Alla , Grunke Mathias , Wendler Jörg , Stuhlmuller Bruno , Kalden Joachim R. , Schulze‐Koops Hendrik 
Published: February 2005

AbstractObjectiveTumor necrosis factor (TNF)–neutralizing agents are the most successful means of ameliorating systemic autoimmune inflammation. Neutralization of TNF, however, is often associated with the development of autoantibodies, particularly to nuclear antigens, and the mechanisms of this are unknown. We undertook this study to analyze the effect of TNF and its neutralization on the expression of major histocompatibility complex class II molecules and on the function of antigen‐presenting myeloid cells in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsMonocytes were isolated from the peripheral blood of RA patients before and after anti‐TNF monoclonal antibody (mAb) treatment and from the peripheral blood of controls by negative selection, differentiated in vitro to macrophages, and analyzed by flow cytometry for HLA–DR expression. T cell responses to activation by myeloid cells were assessed in proliferation assays, and messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of the class II transactivator (CIITA) were determined by semiquantitative reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction.ResultsHLA–DR expression was significantly reduced on myeloid cells from RA patients with active disease, but was increased to normal levels after anti‐TNF mAb treatment. Concordantly, in vitro application of TNF to monocytes from healthy individuals reduced their ability to up‐regulate HLA–DR during differentiation to macrophages and, importantly, inhibited their ability to stimulate T cells in mixed lymphocyte reactions. Molecular analysis revealed that the effect of TNF on HLA–DR expression was mediated via suppression of the transcription factor CIITA.ConclusionThe data indicate that TNF decreases HLA–DR expression by reducing CIITA mRNA levels in myeloid cells, functionally resulting in a decreased capacity of myeloid cells to stimulate T cells. Concordantly, ameliorating disease activity in chronic inflammatory diseases by neutralizing TNF restores expression of HLA–DR on myeloid cells as well as the ability of myeloid cells to stimulate T cells. Thus, anti‐TNF treatment might lead to augmented T cell activation by myeloid cells, thereby promoting immune responses to (auto)antigens and the development of antinuclear antibodies that are frequently associated with anti‐TNF therapy.
A near‐contact binary: CN Andromedae
Authors: Çiçek C. , Erdem A. , Soydugan F. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractNew BVR light curves and photometric analysis of the eclipsing binary star CN And are presented. The shape of the light curves are typical of β Lyr type, and there are large asymmetries between maxima. The BVR light curves and the radial velocity curves (from Rucinski et al. 2000) were solved with the Wilson‐Devinney method, simultaneously. The results suggest that CN And is a almost contact binary system, in which the component stars are filling ∼99% of their Roche lobes. We discuss the model with a large dark starspot on the more massive star and a bright substellar spot on the companion to account for the light curve asymmetries. The absolute parameters of the system were also derived. The system resembles the near contact binary V1010 Oph according to its Roche configuration and light curve asymmetries. We, also, discuss the evolution of the system: it seems to be in a transition phase to the contact era. All previous times of minimum light were collected and combined with the new ones presented in this work. The variation of the orbital period of the system was then analyzed. The results reveal that the orbital period has a secular decrease of about 1.98 ± 0.04 sec per century, which corresponds to a conservative mass transfer from the more to the less massive component at a rate of (1.52 ± 0.09) × 10–7 m⊙/yr or a mass loss from the primary component due to magnetic stellar winds at a rate of (7.83 ± 0.09) × 10–8 m⊙/yr. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A “lost” sunspot observation in 1785
Authors: Vaquero J. M. , Trigo R. M. , Gallego M. C. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe reconstruction of the solar activity during some years of the 18th century is poorly known because there are scarce sunspot observations. The aim of this short contribution is to present a “lost” sunspot observation realized by the Portuguese scientist Sanches Dorta during his observation of the solar eclipse of 1785 from Rio de Janeiro (Brazil). This record was not included in the database compiled by Hoyt and Schatten (1998). We present new estimations of the solar activity during 1785. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A new look at the position of the 1604 Supernova (V843 Ophiuchi)
Authors: Green D. W. E. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe position of the supernova of 1604 (V843 Oph) is re‐assessed, with relevant discussion pertaining to the present‐day remnant, 3C 358. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Few projections astrotomography: radio astronomical approach to 3D reconstruction
Authors: Agafonov M. I. , Sharova O. I. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractWe develop a radio astronomical approach to 3D‐reconstruction in few projections tomography. It is based on the 2‐CLEAN DSA method which consists of two clean algorithms by using a synthesized beam. In complex cases two extreme solutions are used for the analysis of the image structure. These solutions determine the limits of permissible energy redistribution on the image among the components of small and large scales. Two variants of 3D‐reconstruction proceeding from a set of two‐dimensional projections (3D2D) and from a set of one‐dimensional ones (3D1D) are considered. It is shown that the quality of 3D2D‐reconstruction should be similar to the quality of 2D1D‐reconstruction if the same number of equally spaced scans is used. But a doubled number of projections is required for 3D1D‐reconstruction. We have simulated 3D‐reconstruction of an optically thin emitting object. The present technique is a component of astrotomography and it has good prospects for a wide range of remote sensing. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Pulsational properties of V2109 Cyg
Authors: Özel N. , Kirbiyik H. , Civelek R. , Kiziloğlu N. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractIn this study V2109 Cyg (a pulsating δ Scuti star) has been modelled. In treating the oscillation equations perturbation in gravitational potential energy has been taken into account. Both radial and nonradial oscillations are treated with adiabatic approximation. The so called radial fundamental frequency (5.3745 c/d) and the nonradial frequency (5.8332 c/d) were obtained within a satisfactory precision. It was found that the Cowling approximation introduced more error as one went from low overtones to high overtones in radial oscillations. A similar trend was observed in nonradial case with low values of l. By keeping the effective temperatures almost the same as with V2109 Cyg two more models with different masses have also been calculated to see the effect of inclusion of perturbation in gravitational potential energy on oscillation frequencies in different masses. Conclusion arrived is that one must be careful to employ the Cowling approximation especially for high nonradial oscillation frequencies. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Light‐time effect in the eclipsing binary system AM Leonis
Authors: Albayrak B. , Selam S. O. , Ak T. , Elmasli A. , Özavci İ. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractWe report four new times of minimum light and the improved ephemeris for the well known contact binary AM Leo. The O‐C diagram, constructed with all reliable timings found in the literature was analyzed and the the light‐time effect in the system was confirmed. We found a periodicity of 44.82 years in the O‐C residuals with an amplitude of 0.0058 day. The periodic curve representing the O‐C values is asymmetric indicating a large eccentricity of 0.73 of the third body orbit. The mass of the third body is found to be 0.175 M⊙ for the orbital inclination of the eclipsing pair's orbit. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Working in collaboration—a therapeutic intervention for abused children
Authors: Barker Richard , Place Maurice 
Published: February 2005

AbstractIn this article we report and reflect upon a service offered in one locality of the UK to children who have been abused. The evaluation shows the value of close working relationships between agencies, and the very positive way that such interventions are viewed by the children and those involved with their care. It is also evident that an eclectic style of therapeutic work is able to produce improvement in aspects of the children's behaviour, most particularly in the area of family life and relationships. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clinical supervision in child protection for community nurses
Authors: Lister Pam Green , Crisp Beth R. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractCommunity nurses have been recognized as having a key role in the protection and care of children, particularly in relation to the identification and detection of child abuse. In order to fulfill this role in a competent manner, they need to have access to appropriate supervision. The aim of this paper is to explore community nurses' and health care managers' understanding and experience of clinical supervision in child protection. The findings presented here were collected as part of a larger study commissioned by the Greater Glasgow Primary Health Care National Health Service (NHS) Trust. Ninety‐nine nurses and nursing managers were interviewed, either individually or in groups, about their professional involvement in child protection issues and support for their involvement in child protection work, as well as their current knowledge and perceived training needs. The interview data was subjected to a thematic analysis. A lack of consensus was found among nurses and managers in Glasgow as to what constitutes clinical supervision and a good deal of variation in nurses' experiences of clinical supervision in the field of child protection. The historical difficulties with regard to supervision were attributed to several aspects of nursing culture. However, both nurses and managers emphasized the need for formal, regular, systematic supervision for all nurses regardless of their specific role with regard to child protection. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Commercial and sexual exploitation of children and young people in the UK—a review
Authors: Chase Elaine , Statham June 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThis paper reviews recent information and data relevant to the commercial sexual exploitation of children and young people in the UK. Three main aspects of exploitation are addressed: abuse through prostitution; abuse through pornography; and the trafficking of children and young people to and through the UK for the purposes of commercial sexual exploitation. Most published research in this area relates to young people exploited through prostitution. The review explores the range of vulnerability factors, the processes used to engage young people in prostitution and the types of support strategies for those being exploited. Rather less information is currently available on the scale of child pornography, or the links between the use of pornography and other forms of sexual abuse. The internet as a modern technology for proliferating child pornography is discussed, alongside its role in providing opportunities for paedophiles to access and ‘groom’ children for sexual purposes. Finally, the review provides a summary of research on trafficking of children to and through the UK for the purposes of commercial sexual exploitation and demonstrates the limited knowledge about this topic. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermal‐ and Photoinduced Spin‐State Switching in an Unprecedented Three‐Dimensional Bimetallic Coordination Polymer
Authors: Niel Virginie , Thompson Amber L. , Goeta Andrés E. , Enachescu Cristian , Hauser Andreas , Galet Ana , Muñoz M. Carmen , Real José A. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe compound {Fe(pmd)[Ag(CN)2][Ag2(CN)3]} (pmd=pyrimidine) was synthesized and characterized. Magnetic, calorimetric and single crystal visible spectroscopic studies demonstrate the occurrence of a two‐step high‐spin (HS) ⇄ low‐spin (LS) transition. The critical temperatures areTc1=185 andTc2=148 K. Each step involves ∼50 % of the iron centers, with the low‐temperature step showing a hysteresis of 2.5 K. The enthalpy and entropy variations associated with the two steps are ΔH1=3.6±0.4 kJ mol−1and ΔS1=19.5±3 J K−1 mol−1; ΔH2=4.8±0.4 kJ mol−1and ΔS2=33.5±3 J K−1 mol−1. Photomagnetic and visible spectroscopy experiments show that below 50 K, where the LS state is the thermodynamically stable state, the compound can be switched quantitatively to the HS state using green‐red light (550–650 nm). HS‐to‐LS relaxation experiments in the dark at temperatures between 15 and 55 K show that the relaxation takes place via a two‐step cooperative process, which was analyzed in the context of the mean field theory. The crystal structure has been studied at 290, 220, 170, 90 and 30 K together with 30 K after irradiation. The compound adopts monoclinic symmetry (P21/c,Z=16) at all temperatures. There are five [FeN6] pseudo‐octahedral sites linked by pmd, [Ag(CN)2]−and [Ag2(CN)3]−bridging ligands to form an unprecedented three‐dimensional (6,6) topology. The structural analysis allows for an understanding of the microscopic mechanism of the two‐step behavior of the thermally induced spin transition as well as the corresponding relaxation of the photoexcited compound based on the individual changes of the five sites. Synergy between metallophilic interactions and the spin transition is also shown by the variation of the Ag⋅⋅⋅Ag distances. Correlations between the variation of the unit‐cell volume and the change of Ag⋅⋅⋅Ag interactions within each step with the asymmetric change of the anomalous heat capacity have also been inferred.
Heterogene Kondensation – Ein Konditionierverfahren zur Abscheidung submikroner Partikeln aus Gasströmen
Authors: Heidenreich S. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractDurch heterogene Kondensation von Wasserdampf lassen sich submikrone Partikeln so konditionieren, dass sie mit geringem Aufwand aus Gasströmen abgeschieden werden können. Das Prinzip, das dahinter steht, ist einfach: Durch Kondensation lagert sich Flüssigkeit an die feinen Partikeln an, die Masse und damit die Trägheit der Teilchen nimmt zu, und die Abscheidung der so vergrößerten Teilchen wird deutlich vereinfacht. Es gelingt, feinste Partikeln mit Größen bis hinab in den Nanometerbereich mit speziellen Tropfenabscheidern oder einfachen Trägheitsabscheidern abzuscheiden. Nach einer Darstellung der grundlegenden Vorgänge der heterogenen Kondensation – Erzeugung einer übersättigten Dampfphase, Tropfenbildung und Tropfenwachstum – wird ein Überblick über die verschiedenen Möglichkeiten zur Konditionierung und Abscheidung feinster Partikeln mittels heterogener Kondensation gegeben.
Nanofasern und Nanoröhrchen: Bausteine aus Polymeren
Authors: Dersch Roland , Greiner Andreas , Steinhart Martin , Wendorff Joachim H. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractAls Querschnittstechnologie befruchtet die Nanotechnologie ein breites Spektrum von Anwendungsfeldern, das sich von der Optoelektronik über die Umwelttechnik, die Chemietechnik, die Sensorik, die Biotechnologie bis zur Medizin und Pharmazie hinzieht. Nanoröhrchen und Nanofasern stellen in diesen Bereichen eine vielseitige Plattform dar. Zu ihrer Herstellung und weiteren Funktionalisierung wurden eine Reihe von speziellen Verfahren wie das Elektrospinnen und das Templatverfahren auf der Basis von Nanofasern und mesoporösen Materialien entwickelt. Sie erlauben die Präparation der Nanoobjekte aus Polymeren, Metallen, Keramiken, Gläsern und Materialkombinationen. Die Integration solcher Objekte in größere Bauteile ist die nächste Herausforderung.
Metallnanopartikel als Einelektronenschalter: Nanotechnologie: Schlüsseltechnologie des neuen Jahrhunderts?
Authors: Schmid Günter 
Published: February 2005

AbstractDie Nanotechnologie lässt die klassischen Unterschiede zwischen Physik, Chemie und Biologie verschwinden. Sie ist auf dem Weg zur dominierenden Technologie des neuen Jahrhunderts und wird den Alltag der Menschen maßgebend beeinflussen. Am Beispiel von Metallnanopartikeln werden Möglichkeiten für die Herstellung neuartiger Computergenerationen erläutert, die dem Silicium‐Zeitalter folgen könnten.
Von der Höhlenmalerei zur Schlüsseltechnologie: Nanoanwendung: enormes wirtschaftliches Potenzial
Authors: Ottersbach Peter , Schmitz Christiane , Averdung Johannes , Heinrich Lothar , Gutsch Andreas 
Published: February 2005

AbstractNanomaterialien und ultradünne Beschichtungen von Nanopartikeln werden die Eigenschaften vieler künftiger Produkte bestimmen: Ultraharte Oberflächen, superschnelle Computer, schmutzabweisende Oberflächen, neuartige Krebsbehandlungsmethoden, kratzfeste Beschichtungen, preiswerte Solarzellen, preiswerte Displays und druckbare Elektronik. Der Markt für Nanotechnologieprodukte wächst zweistellig und wird im Jahr 2010 mehrere hundert Millarden US‐Dollar betragen.