bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Environmentally Relevant Concentrations of Roundup on Oxidative‐Nitrative Stress, Cellular Apoptosis, Prooxidant‐Antioxidant Homeostasis, Renin and CYP1A Expressions in Goldfish: Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Kidney Damage During Roundup Exposure
Authors: Noor Md Imran , Rahman Md Saydur 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTRoundup is one of the most widely used glyphosate‐based harmful herbicides in the United States as well as globally, which poses a severe risk for terrestrial and aquatic organisms. In order to identify the detrimental effects of Roundup exposure in aquatic organisms, we investigated the environmentally relevant concentrations of Roundup exposure (low dose: 0.5 μg/L and high dose: 5.0 μg/L for 2 weeks) on renin expression, oxidative‐nitrative stress biomarkers (e.g., 2,4‐dinitrophenol, DNP; and 3‐nitrotyrosine protein, NTP), prooxidant‐antioxidant enzymes expressions (e.g., superoxide dismutase, SOD; and catalase, CAT), cellular apoptosis, and cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A) mRNA levels in the kidneys of goldfish (Carassius auratus). Histopathological and in situ TUNEL analyses showed widespread tissue disruption (e.g., bowman's capsule shrinkage, melanin pigment formation, etc.) and induced apoptotic nuclei in the kidneys of goldfish. Immunohistochemical and quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR) analyses showed a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the expression of renin, DNP, NTP, SOD, and CAT, as well as CYP1A mRNA levels in the kidneys of fish exposed to Roundup. These results suggest that environmentally relevant concentrations of Roundup disrupt kidney architecture by inducing oxidative‐nitrative stress, cellular apoptosis, and change in osmoregulatory enzymes (i.e., renin) and prooxidant‐antioxidant systems in the kidneys of teleost fishes.
Prevalence and breed predisposition for spinal diseases in pugs and French bulldogs
Authors: Kerr Stephanie , Skovola Eleftheria , Maskell Lowri , De Decker Steven 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundPugs and French bulldogs (FBDs) are commonly presented for spinal disease. The aim of this study was to define the most common spinal diseases in both breeds.MethodsThis was a monocentric retrospective study including pugs and FBDs presenting with clinical signs consistent with spinal disease between 2010 and 2022. The information collected included signalment, onset of clinical signs, presence of spinal pain, progression of clinical signs, presence of urinary or faecal incontinence and neurological examination findings.ResultsA total of 439 FBDs with 448 diagnoses and 106 pugs with 125 diagnoses were included in the study. A total of 272 (62.0%) FBDs had an acute onset of clinical signs, and 79 pugs (74.5%) had a chronic onset. The most common disease in the FBD population was acute intervertebral disc extrusion, with 377 diagnoses (84.3%). The most common diagnoses among pugs were spinal arachnoid diverticula (SADs) (n = 30, 24.0%) and chronic intervertebral disc protrusion (n = 30, 24.0%).LimitationsThis study was limited by its retrospective nature, meaning that there was not a standardised diagnostic protocol.ConclusionThis study confirms that FBDs and pugs are affected by different spinal disorders. While FBDs are mostly affected by acute intervertebral disc extrusions, pugs are more often affected by SADs and chronic intervertebral disc protrusions.
Detection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus type 2 in air emissions from grow‐finish barns
Authors: Schwartz Mark , Snow Casondra , Torremorell Montserrat , Rendahl Aaron , Pieters Maria 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundDiagnosis of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infections can be accomplished using various sample types and testing methods. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of using air emission samples to detect the onset of PRRSV type 2 infections in growing pigs.MethodsAir emissions and oral fluid samples were collected from three grow‐finish barns, stocked with PRRSV‐negative pigs every 2 weeks for 14–20 weeks. All samples were assayed for PRRSV using RT‐PCR.ResultsIn all barns, PRRSV was initially detected in both air emissions and oral fluid samples at the same sampling event. Compared with oral fluids, air emissions collected subsequently yielded higher cycle threshold values and showed a lower likelihood of being RT‐PCR positive.LimitationSampling was limited to three grow‐finish barns.ConclusionAir emission samples from pig barns are a biosecure and non‐invasive sample type that is comparable to oral fluids for detection of the onset of PRRSV infection.
Overestimated role of inoculation bacteria‐algae ratio in wastewater treatment
Authors: Zhao Huangbo , Zhong Xin , Yao Zexin , Yang Zihua , Fan Jie 
Published: January 2025

AbstractMicroalgae‐bacteria systems present a promising approach for CO2 reduction in wastewater treatment. The effect of inoculation bacteria‐algae ratio on performance was investigated in this study. Different inoculation ratios (bacteria: algae 1:2, 1:1, 1:0.5, 1:0.25, 1:0.125, w/w) obtained comparable nutrients removal (p > 0.05). Over time, the bacteria‐algae ratios converged into two groups (3:1 and 4:1), demonstrating self‐adaption between bacteria and microalgae. Furthermore, principal component analysis (PCA) distinguished the performance of reactors into two groups, one group consisting of 1:2, 1:1, and 1:0.5 ratios and the other group consisting of 1:0.25 and 1:0.125 ratios, confirming their convergence in terms of nutrient removal and photosynthetic properties. The performance differed merely in sludge volume index (SVI) and nitrite accumulation, with 1:2 and 1:0.125 being the most prone to accumulate nitrite. This study implies that photobioreactor performance was not sensitive to inoculation ratio, whose role was overestimated, since microalgae and bacteria self‐assemble to form niches.Practitioner Points
Effect of inoculation bacteria‐algae ratio on performance was overestimated
Photosynthesis and nutrients removal were grouped at different inoculation ratios
Different ratio showed similar nutrients removal efficiency
Self‐adaption made ratios of 1:2, 1:1, 1:0.5 converge into 3:1
Research on the Greening of Water Policy Needs to Move Beyond Supply and Demand‐Oriented Logics to Achieve Water Sustainability for All
Authors: Poupeau Franck , O'Neill Brian F. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis piece discusses recent research and current trends in water infrastructure. Specifically, we unpack how supply and demand logics inform policy and continue to do so in light of the 10th World Water Forum. We argue that the social structural transformations that have been needed remain lacking. Around the world, we observe a continued, if not renewed, emphasis on supposedly rational economic logics surrounding supply and demand. However, this has led to not reforms towards more ecologically minded engineering and governance, but rather it often appears that water infrastructure is emerging with a doubling down on a kind of old civil engineering emphasis, such as has been seen with the rise in new mega‐dam projects, desalination plants, and other “new water” endeavors. Yet, there are other examples that we point to that can be learned from, such as the Santa Cruz River restoration project in Southern Arizona and other measures in France and Bolivia that take a more participatory approach. Infrastructure issues must lead us to rethinking public and democratic action to distribute water in a manner that promotes social equity, and prevents massive resource destruction linked to abusive economic forces blind to collective interest and meaningful objectives, rather than a cynical “water for all” program. To secure the 6th Sustainable Development Goal, we regret that the 10th World Water Forum did not seem to pay enough attention to the greening of water policy through the sustainability of ecological infrastructures, nor to the economic and political conditions of their generalization.
Introduction to Gender, OIN Project, and Ocean Literacy
Authors: Ali Sareen , Poto Margherita Paola , Porrone Arianna 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter highlights the key role of the gender dimension in enhancing ocean literacy, focusing on the necessity to close the gender gap in education, research, and policymaking in the realm of ocean protection. It centres around the Ocean Incubator Network (OIN) project, which exemplifies how integrating gender considerations can significantly influence research and education outcomes as well as teamwork dynamics. After an analysis of the gendered impacts of climate change and the prevalent gender disparities in STEM and research sectors, the chapter underscores the challenges faced by women and the imperative for gender equality to foster effective and inclusive environmental policies. The core discussion then moves to the analysis of the OIN Project’s adoption of a gender-focused approach, emphasizing feminist research methodologies that empower women and girls to share their unique insights and experiences. This strategy not only enhances research and education but also cultivates inclusive spaces and paves the way for visionary leadership models that redefine and shape the future of ocean literacy.
Early Warning of Harmful Algal Blooms (HAB): A Low-Cost Integrated IoT Device with Spectrofluorometry and Automated Plankton Imaging
Authors: Orazi Gilles , Marot Marianne , Khelifi Iheb , Robert Léa , Le Gall Franck 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper presents the development of a prototype automated device designed to monitor sea water quality and provide early warnings of potential harmful algal bloom (HAB) outbreaks. HABs pose a significant threat to aquaculture operations and marine ecosystems due to their ability to cause mass mortalities of fish and shellfish. The device integrates a low-cost custom spectrofluorometer capable of measuring absorption and fluorescence spectra of liquid samples, and an automated plankton imager adapted from an open-source design. Key aimed sensing parameters include nutrients, chlorophyll, water temperature, and phytoplankton presence. The affordability of the device is targeted by using low-cost components and integrating the spectrofluorometer and plankton imager into a single unit driven by an embedded computer. Machine learning algorithms are employed for real-time anomaly detection from the multivariate sensor data streams to provide early alerts of potential HAB events. Initial results demonstrate the device’s ability to detect low concentrations of fluorescent dyes and phytoplankton, and the effectiveness of an adaptive anomaly detection approach on real aquarium data.
Edge-Cloud Solution Based on FIWARE and Context Augmentation to Monitor Usages of Carpooling Car Parks
Authors: Orazi Gilles , Marot Marianne , Khelifi Iheb , Le Gall Franck , Richard Amara , Martzluff Yvan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Monitoring the usage and carbon impact of infrastructures such as carpooling car parks may be a challenge for local authorities. In this study, we address this issue by proposing an IoT solution that integrates both Edge processing and Cloud computing. Real-time continuous video AI processing automatically detects and stores information of car entries and exits. Then Cloud computing stores the anonymized data into a FIWARE information broker using ETSI’s NGSI-LD specification and employs query language to process and display useful statistics about carpark usage. To understand the carpooling user behaviors for each car park, as well as the various Key Performance Indicators and threshold values that direct our monitoring and alerting systems, we analyzed 1 year of data acquisition and performed in-situ surveys. Hereby, we present our results that reflect two different usages of carpooling (professional and personal) in terms of stay durations, car fidelity, car energy distributions, and carbon impact. This solution was deployed and tested on 3 car park lots, 2 of which have been permanently running for about two years.
Continuous renal replacement therapy with cytokine-adsorbing hemofilter to control resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta-related ischemia-reperfusion injury in a swine hemorrhagic shock model
Authors: Hayashi Yosuke , Izawa Yoshimitsu , Tanaka Yasutaka , Aoki Makoto , Matsumura Yosuke 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose
Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) is beneficial for uncontrollable torso bleeding; however, prolonged REBOA causes ischemia-reperfusion injury. The purpose of this study is to examine the hypothesis that continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) with a cytokine-adsorbing hemofilter would improve mortality due to hemorrhagic shock with REBOA-reperfusion injury by controlling metabolic acidosis, hyperkalemia, and hypercytokinemia.

Methods
Hemorrhagic shock with 40% blood loss was induced by phlebotomy in eight female swine. CRRT was performed on four swine after 90 min of REBOA, and the remaining four swine (control group) underwent the same procedures except for CRRT. We evaluated the survival time and trends of pH, HCO3−, potassium, lactate, circulatory inflammatory cytokines, and histopathology of the intestine for 180 min after REBOA deflation.

Results
Two swine in the CRRT group and one in the control group survived; no significant difference were observed in survival rates between the groups (p = 0.45). Furthermore, no significant differences in the transition of biomarkers and histopathological grades were observed between the groups. The CRRT group showed a tendency of increasing pH and HCO3−, decreasing lactate, lower elevation of potassium and cytokine levels (interleukin 6, CRRT: 1008.5 [770.4–1246.6], control; 1636.7 [1636.7–1636.7] pg/mL at t = 270), and lower intestine histopathological grade (jejunum, CRRT; 1.5 [1.3–1.8], control; 4.0 [4.0–4.0], ileum, CRRT; 1.5 [1.3–1.8], control; 4.0 [4.0–4.0] at t = 270) than the control group.

Conclusions
CRRT may mitigate acute-REBOA-related ischemia-reperfusion injury by controlling biomarkers. Further research is required to evaluate the impact on long-term mortality.
Fast and high precision control approach: polyline analysis and optimal NURBS interpolation for CNC machine tools
Authors: Kelekçi Ethem , Kizir Selcuk 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In computer numerical control (CNC) operations, smooth motions generated using a parametric curve such as non-uniform rational B-splines (NURBS), Bezier curve, and B-spline are crucial for surface quality and machine control. A parametric curve is formed by micro-lines in CAD/CAM software; however, instead of micro-lines, polylines are used to define a parametric curve to prevent an increase in NC-file size. It is also possible to see situations where smooth motion is not required due to production requirements. In these cases, point-to-point motion is necessary instead of smooth motion. In this study, a polyline analysis algorithm is proposed to classify the normal line and polyline within the NC-file. A global tool path smoothing method is also applied, where the data points in a polyline group are converted into NURBS because CAD/CAM software commonly uses NURBS as a parametric curve for precision control of CNC machines. In addition, this study presents an optimal feedrate scheduling algorithm for the NURBS curve that generates an optimal feedrate profile for each segment by considering critical parameters such as segment length, initial and final velocity of each segment, maximum jerk, acceleration, and velocity. As the proposed algorithm is compatible with existing feedrate scheduling methods in which different feedrate values at the transition point of the NURBS segments are determined, this study provides an important contribution to the literature. The proposed methods in this study are verified by operating a spherical surface using industrial NC-files on a three-axis CNC-milling machine. The proposed methods demonstrate effective performance in experiments that require precision production operations.
Ultrasonic vibration-assisted scribing of sapphire: effects of ultrasonic vibration and tool geometry
Authors: Ansary Shah Rumman , Kabir Sarower , Nnokwe Cynthia , He Rui , Cong Weilong 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In recent years, semiconductors, electronics, optics, and various other industries have seen a significant surge in the use of sapphire materials, driven by their exceptional mechanical and chemical properties. The machining of sapphire surfaces plays a crucial role in all these applications. However, due to sapphires’ exceptionally high hardness (Mohs hardness of 9, Vickers hardness of 2300) and brittleness, machining them often presents challenges such as microcracking and chipping of the workpiece, as well as significant tool wear, making sapphires difficult to cut. To enhance the machining efficiency and machined surface integrity, ultrasonic vibration-assisted (UV-A) machining of sapphire has already been studied, showing improved performance with lower cutting force, better surface finish, and extended tool life. Scribing tests using a single-diamond tool not only are an effective method to understand the material removal mechanism and deformation characteristics during such UV-A machining processes but also can be used as a potential process for separating IC chips from wafers. This paper presents a comprehensive study of the UV-A scribing process, aiming to develop an understanding of sapphire’s material removal mechanism under varying ultrasonic power levels and cutting tool geometries. In this experimental investigation, the effect of five different levels of ultrasonic power and three different cutting tool tip angles at various feeding depths on the scribe-induced features of the sapphire surface has been presented with a quantitative and qualitative comparison. The findings indicate that at feeding depths less than 6 μm, UV-A scribing with 40–80% ultrasonic power can reduce cutting force up to 50% and thus improve scribe quality. However, between feeding depths of 6 to 10 μm, this advantage of using ultrasonic vibration gradually diminishes. Additionally, UV-A scribing with a smaller tool tip angle (60°) was found to lower cutting force by 65% and improve scribe quality, effectively inhibiting residual stress formation and microcrack propagation. Furthermore, UV-A scribing also facilitated higher critical feeding depths at around 10 μm, compared to 6 μm in conventional scribing.
Design and realization of XOR, OR, and NAND light logic gates using GaAs heterostructure
Authors: Sonmez Feyza , Ardali Sukru , Arpapay Burcu , Serincan Ugur , Tiras Engin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study introduces a novel structure based on a GaAs quantum well for implementing XOR, OR, and NAND light logic gates. This structure has unique advantages compared to classical p-n junction-based devices, including polarity-independent operation, radiation emission, and a more straightforward design. The suggested structure consists of two photoconductive devices and a logic gate device. When 850 nm light from the fiber optic cable illuminates the photoconductive device, the photoconductive device and the pulsed signal source are triggered simultaneously and supply the logic gate device, enabling it to perform the desired logic operation (XOR, OR, and NAND). Notably, at room temperature, the primary emission wavelength of these optical logic gate devices is 812 ± 1 nm. This design offers a compact, efficient, and versatile approach to light logic gates, with potential applications in optical computing and communication systems. Furthermore, the data transfer rate of these optical logic gates has been demonstrated to be comparable to that of electrical circuits currently used in technology.
Estimation and specification test for diffusion models with stochastic volatility
Authors: López-Pérez A. , Febrero-Bande M. , González-Manteiga W. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Given the importance of continuous-time stochastic volatility models to describe the dynamics of interest rates, we propose a goodness-of-fit test for the parametric form of the drift and diffusion functions, based on a marked empirical process of the residuals built with an adapted Kalman Filter estimation. The test statistics are constructed using a continuous functional (Kolmogorov–Smirnov and Crámer–von Mises) over the empirical processes. Both, the different estimation procedures (including other alternatives as for example methods based on Markov Chain Monte Carlo or Particle filters) and the new proposed tests are compared in different simulation studies. The tests are calibrated with a specific bootstrap method using the estimation of a discrete version of the diffusion model with stochastic volatility. Finally, an application of the procedures to real data is provided.
Prognostic and clinical heterogeneity of PD1 and PD-L1- immunohistochemical scores in endometrial cancers
Authors: Proppe L. , Jagomast T. , Beume S. , Köster F. , Bräutigam K. , Rody A. , Perner S. , Hemptenmacher F. , Ribbat-Idel J. , Hanker L. C. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Introduction
PD1/PD-L1 inhibition (ICi) has recently become a new standard of care for patients with advanced MMR-deficient (MMRd) endometrial cancers. Nevertheless, response to immunotherapy is more complex than the presence of a single biomarker and therefore it remains challenging to predict patients response to ICi beyond MMRd tumors. Elevated PD-L1 expression (CPS ≥ 1) is often used as a prognostic marker as well as a predictive biomarker of response to ICi in different tumor types. In a retrospective, patient derived study, we analyzed PD1- and PD-L1 staining and correlated the results of different scores to clinical data to evaluate the prognostic impact of these scores.

Materials and methods
Immunohistochemical analysis of the receptor PD1 and the receptor ligand PD-L1 were performed on TMAs of primary paraffin‑embedded tumor samples. All patients were treated for primary endometrial cancer in the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Schleswig–Holstein, Campus-Lübeck, Germany between the years 2006–2018. The evaluation and determination of the tumor proportion scoring (TPS), the combined positive score (CPS) and the immune cell scoring (IC) was automatically assessed semi-quantitatively, and results were correlated with clinicopathological characteristics and survival.

Results
130 samples were evaluable and 64% showed a positivity (IC > 0) for the receptor PD1 and 56% for the receptor ligand PD-L1. Patients with a PD1 IC Score ≥ 1 showed a significant longer disease-free survival of 140 months (95% confidence interval (CI): 124–158) compared to patients with a lower IC < 1 for PD1 of 89 months (95% confidence interval (CI): 69–110); p = 0.017). Furthermore, the disease-free survival for patients with a CPS ≥ 5 for PD1 was longer (153.7 months (95% confidence interval (CI): 134–173.6) vs. 98.6 months (95% confidence interval (CI): 83–114); p = 0.036). Additionally, a PD1 CPS ≥ 5 showed a better overall survival but the result was not statistically significant. No difference in survival was found between patients with PD-L1 higher or lower than CPS 5.

Conclusion
In this study we pointed out that there are significant clinical differences among several immunohistochemical scoring systems. In our trial, a PD1-positivity with CPS ≥ 5 and IC ≥ 1 were significantly associated to a better disease-free survival while there was no association with TPS. The PD1-IC scoring was associated with MMRd while the TPS scoring was not. Therefore, PD1-IC could be more appropriate for endometrial carcinomas compared to TPS and could also add prognostic information beside the more established PD-L1-staining. Further prospective studies are needed for a validation of these scores in combination with other biomarkers.