bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isolation of PCSK9-specific nanobodies from synthetic libraries using a combined protein selection strategy
Authors: Thaiprayoon Apisitt , Chantarasorn Yodpong , Oonanant Worrapoj , Kasorn Anongnard , Longsompurana Phoomintara , Tapaneeyakorn Satita , Riangrungroj Pinpunya , Loison Fabien , Kruse Andrew C. , DeLisa Matthew P. , Waraho-Zhmayev Dujduan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Nanobodies (Nbs) hold great potential to replace conventional antibodies in various biomedical applications. However, conventional methods for their discovery can be time-consuming and expensive. We have developed a reliable protein selection strategy that combines magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS)-based screening of yeast surface display (YSD) libraries and functional ligand-binding identification by Tat-based recognition of associating proteins (FLI-TRAP) to isolate antigen-specific Nbs from synthetic libraries. This combined process enabled isolation of three unique Nb clones (NbT15, NbT21, and NbT22) that all bound specifically to a target antigen, namely proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) as well as a gain-of-function PCSK9 mutant (D374Y). All three clones bound to PCSK9 and blocked the interaction between the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and either wild-type PCSK9 or the D374Y mutant. Overall, our combined protein selection method enables rapid and straightforward identification of potent antigen-specific Nbs in a manner that can be executed in a basic laboratory setting without the need for specialized equipment. We anticipate that our strategy will be a valuable addition to the protein engineering toolkit, allowing development of Nbs or virtually any other synthetic binding protein for a wide range of applications.
Crop rotation increases Tibetan barley yield and soil quality on the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Wu Hui , Liu Enke , Jin Tao , Liu Buchun , Gopalakrishnan Subramaniam , Zhou Jie , Shao Guodong , Mei Xurong , Delaplace Pierre , De Clerck Caroline 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Tibetan barley (Hordeum vulgare) accounts for over 70% of the total food production in the Tibetan Plateau. However, continuous cropping of Tibetan barley causes soil degradation, reduces soil quality and causes yield decline. Here we explore the benefits of crop rotation with wheat and rape to improve crop yield and soil quality. We conducted 39 field experiments on the Tibetan Plateau, comparing short-term (≤5 years), 5–10 years and long-term (≥10 years) continuous cropping with rotation of Tibetan barley with wheat or rape. Results showed that Tibetan barley–wheat and Tibetan barley–rape rotations increased yields by 17% and 12%, respectively, while improving the soil quality index by 11% and 21%, compared with long-term continuous cropping. Both Tibetan barley rotations with wheat and rape improved soil quality and consequently yield, mainly by increasing soil microbial biomass nitrogen and microbial biomass carbon and decreasing pH. By contrast, long-term continuous cropping led to decreased soil organic matter, lower microbial biomass nitrogen and increased pH, contributing to yield decline. The benefits of rotations on crop yield and soil quality increased over time. Implementing crop rotation with wheat or rape thus offers a sustainable agricultural strategy for improving food security on the Tibetan Plateau.
Dusty disks as safe havens for terrestrial planets: Effect of the back-reaction of solid material on gas
Authors: Regály Zs. , Németh A. , Krupánszky G. , Sándor Zs. 
Published: January 2025

Context. Previous studies have shown that there is considerable variation in the dust-to-gas density ratio in the vicinity of low-mass planets undergoing growth. This can lead to a significant change in the planetary momentum exerted by the gas and solid material. However, due to the low dust-to-gas mass ratio of protoplanetary disks (about 1%), the effect of the solid material on the gas dynamics – that is, the back-reaction of the solid material – is often neglected.
Aims. We aim to study the effect of the back-reaction of solid material on the torques felt by low-mass planets. The effect of the back-reaction of solid material is investigated by comparing non-accreting and accreting models.
Methods. We performed locally isothermal, global two-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations of planet-disk interactions using the code GFARGO2. Low-mass planets in the range of 0.1–10 M⊕ accrete only solid material. The solid component of the disk was treated as a pressureless fluid. Simulations were compared with taking and not taking into account the back-reaction of the solid material on the gas. The solid component was assumed to have a fixed Stokes number in the range of 0.01–10. All models assumed a canonical solid-to-gas mass ratio of 0.01.
Results. The back-reaction of the solid has been shown to have a significant effect on the total torque exerted on a low-mass planet. In general, the inclusion of the back-reaction results in a greater number of models with positive torque values compared to models that neglect the back-reaction. It is clear, therefore, that the simulation of planetary growth and migration via hydrodynamic modeling requires the inclusion of a solid-gas back-reaction. As a result of the back-reaction and accretion, a Mars-sized planetary embryo will experience positive total torques from the disk containing coupled solid components (St ≤ 0.01). Earth-mass planets also experience positive total torques from the disk containing boulder-sized solid components (2 ≤ St ≤ 5). The accretion of weakly coupled solid material tends to increase the positive torques and decrease the negative torques.
Conclusions. Our results suggest that the combined effect of back-reaction and accretion is beneficial to the formation of planetary systems by reducing the likelihood of a young planet being engulfed by the central star.
Pediatric cylindrical battery ingestion
Authors: Boccia Maria , Pugliese Manuela , Cantelli Marika , Fierro Alessandro , Turco Rossella , Gragnaniello Piergiorgio , Salatto Alessia , Carangelo Ludovica , Caldore Mariano , Quitadamo Paolo 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAccidental ingestion of batteries is well documented in pediatric medical literature, but very few data exist in pediatric medical literature about ingestions of cylindrical batteries (CBs). The aim of our study was to evaluate the features, clinical presentation and clinical outcome of children who have ingested CBs.All children admitted for CB ingestion were retrospectively recruited. Clinical data until hospital discharge were accurately recorded, including child age and sex, ingestion modality, signs and symptoms following ingestion, type of CB, results of neck-chest-abdominal x-ray performed to assess the retention site of CB, outcome of endoscopic removal, and whether performed.Forty-five children (males/females: 26/19; age range: 7–168 months; mean age ± standard deviation: 42 ± 33.9 months) were enrolled. Of them, 15 of 45 (33.3%) had ingested AA batteries whereas 30 of 45 (66.6%) had ingested AAA batteries. CBs were retained in the esophagus in two of 45 children (4.4%), in the stomach in 19 of 45 children (42.2%), and in the duodenum or beyond in the remaining 24 of 45 children (53.3%). None of the patients who underwent endoscopic removal (12/45) had any esophageal or gastric mucosal lesions. No cases of intestinal perforation or surgical complications were reported.According to our study data, conservative management may be advised for the majority of cases of CB ingestion. However, we acknowledge that CB should be timely removed whenever they are A23 or A27 type, damaged prior to ingestion, in cases of multiple ingestion, whenever retained in the stomach for a prolonged period, or whenever a child complains about any clinical signs or symptoms or had undergone prior abdominal surgery.
Effect of temperature control on tribological and corrosion properties of copper in cathodic cage plasma nitriding
Authors: Khalid Muhammad Bilal , Hussain Syed Salman , Farooq Ameeq , Shafiq Muhammad , Khan Yasin , Shoaib Muhammad 
Published: January 2025

Cathodic cage plasma nitriding (CCPN) is a proficient and cost-effective technique for surface modification of metallic samples that has been in use for the last two decades. The effectiveness of CCPN depends upon different controlled parameters. The main objective of the current study was to investigate the effect of temperature on CCPN performance. Copper (Cu) samples were nitrided at various temperatures (100–400 °C) for a fixed time of 4 h. The treated samples were investigated using a micro-hardness tester, x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, ball-on-disc wear tester, and potentiodynamic polarization. An improvement in hardness, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance has been reported with an increase in temperature. The treated samples possessed aluminum nitride (AlN), copper(I) nitride (Cu3N), copper(I) azide (CuN3), copper(II) azide (CuN6), and AlCu4 phases with intensity increasing with temperature. The current study clarified the reactivity of the CCPN system on treated samples in a broad manner. Untreated samples have shown abrasive wear at low temperatures, whereas adhesive wear is the predominant mechanism at high temperatures. At high temperatures, a low friction coefficient has been achieved due to smoother surfaces. Nitrided samples have shown an overall increased corrosion resistance with an increase in temperature.
Everything-cleft constructions in spoken British English
Authors: Seitanidi Eleni , Põldvere Nele , Paradis Carita 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Within the framework of Construction Grammar, this study examines constructions with a cleft form containing
everything, e.g., that’s everything that’s happened, in spoken British English, using the
London-Lund Corpora and the British National Corpora. We trace the development of everything-clefts in recent
history and make comparisons with all-clefts since both all and everything
express totality. Our aim is to determine the form-meaning properties of everything-clefts, to examine
whether everything-clefts too express the smallness and exhaustiveness readings associated with
all-clefts, and whether everything-clefts are also dialogically contractive. The frequency
per million words of everything-clefts, however, is 3.3, which is lower than for all-clefts.
Also, based on the distinction between regular predicational, reverse predicational and reverse specificational
everything-clefts, we find that most everything-clefts are predicational and express
quality and that only a small number of reverse specificational everything-clefts express
exhaustiveness and are dialogically contractive. Moreover, an even smaller number of
everything-clefts also express smallness. We argue that exhaustiveness in
everything-clefts stems from a metonymic link to the boundary involved in the totality
meaning of everything in analogy with reverse all-clefts. The reverse exhaustive specificational
everything-clefts are similar to all-clefts and clearly deserve a place in the
constructional network of English specificational cleft constructions.
A minority within a minority
Authors: Velázquez Isabel , Gomes Pérez Marcelo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We explore self-reported use of the second-person singular
pronoun vos by a group of speakers of Central American Spanish
in the state of Nebraska. A specific case of interdialectal contact that takes
place in five non-metropolitan communities in the Midwest is described. All
speakers included in this study lived or had grown up in communities with low
ethnolinguistic vitality for Spanish and intense contact with speakers of
Mexican American and Mexican Spanish. Our analysis focuses on the pronoun
vos because it is a feature absent from the dialects of
Spanish spoken by the majority of Latinx Nebraskans, and because its use and
intergenerational transmission are closely inosculated with social meaning.
Respondents’ articulation of their sociolinguistic experience describes a
situation that includes complex processes of language brokering, acquisition,
loss, inter- and intra-dialectal contact, and intra- generational language
planning. Three forces that foster the use of vos by speakers
of Central American varieties of Spanish in Nebraska, and three factors that
hinder it are identified.
Lancelot Hogben’s hybrid tongues
Authors: Gordin Michael D. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Lancelot Hogben (1895–1975), a peripatetic and prolific mathematical geneticist and science populariser, occupies
a special niche in the history of scientific communication and translation. Not only was he a trenchant observer of the increasing
dominance of Global English in scientific publications, he also leveraged his command of the cosmopolitan scientific lexicon to
offer an alternative: a constructed language he called ‘Interglossa’. His extensive attention to linguistic evolution and
linguistic futures peaked during World War II, particularly as a result of his forced circumnavigation of the globe during the
‘Phoney War’ of 1940. Both political and linguistic disillusionments following the war pushed him inexorably to a grudging
reconciliation with some form of English as the basis for scientific (and other) communication.
Geometry of Carrollian stretched horizons
Authors: Freidel Laurent , Jai-akson Puttarak 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this paper, we present a comprehensive toolbox for studying Carrollian stretched horizons, encompassing their geometry, dynamics, symplectic geometry, symmetries, and corresponding Noether charges. We introduce a precise definition of ruled stretched Carrollian structures (sCarrollian structures) on any surface, generalizing the conventional Carrollian structures of null surfaces, along with the notions of sCarrollian connection and sCarrollian stress tensor. Our approach unifies the sCarrollian (intrinsic) and stretched horizon (embedding) perspectives, providing a universal framework for any causal surface, whether timelike or null. We express the Einstein equations in sCarrollian variables and discuss the phase space symplectic structure of the sCarrollian geometry. Through Noether’s theorem, we derive the Einstein equation and canonical charge and compute the evolution of the canonical charge along the transverse (radial) direction. The latter can be interpreted as a spin-2 symmetry charge. Our framework establishes a novel link between gravity on stretched horizons and Carrollian fluid dynamics and unifies various causal surfaces studied in the literature, including non-expanding and isolated horizons. We expect this work to provide insights into the hydrodynamical description of black holes and the quantization of null surfaces.
Advancements in mathematical modeling and design configurations of piezoelectric energy harvesters: a comprehensive review
Authors: Kaneez Hajra , Palacz Magdalena 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Beam-type piezoelectric energy harvesters (PEHs), particularly those utilizing piezoelectric materials, have garnered considerable attention as efficient devices for converting ambient mechanical vibrations into electrical energy. This comprehensive review article thoroughly examines the mathematical models employed in beam-type PEHs, emphasizing their evolution and limitations. The study also delves into both theoretical and experimental analyses of design configurations, placing a special focus on the impact of geometries on energy harvesting efficiency. In conclusion, the paper explores recent advancements and improvements, along with potential avenues for future research, providing a concise overview tailored for professionals and scholars engaged in this specialized field.
Observation of radio-frequency Mie resonances in high-permittivity dielectric spheres
Authors: Galante Angelo , Contestabile Alessandra , Capocefalo Angela , Galdi Vincenzo , Rizza Carlo , Alecci Marcello 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We investigate Mie resonances in a high-permittivity dielectric (ceramic) sphere within the radio-frequency (RF) range, exploring its potential application in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Using a transmitting and a receiving RF coil, we observe Mie resonance signatures in both the transmission frequency spectrum and the magnetic field distribution surrounding a 40 mm-diameter sphere. Through full-wave numerical simulations and a standard fitting technique, we identify and characterize the lowest-frequency transverse-electric resonance modes of the sphere at 141.6, 201.4, 259.6, and 282.6 MHz, each exhibiting high-quality factors (

∼

300

). Remarkably, we experimentally map the magnetic field distributions corresponding to each Mie resonance. Our results provide valuable insights for developing innovative approaches to manipulate RF waves, particularly by shaping and controlling the near-field outside the dielectric resonator through Mie resonances, an area largely unexplored in MRI technology.
The second-level preheating
Authors: Risdianto Norma Sidik , Adam Apriadi Salim , Zamakhsyari Lalu 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper proposes two levels of preheating for the inflaton that is non-minimally coupled with gravity. The first level, later named by the quadratic regime, corresponds to the matter-dominated era and is responsible for draining the inflaton's energy density. The second level, which we will call the quartic regime, corresponds to the radiation-dominated era and is responsible for the reheating of the universe. We investigate the behavior of non-renormalizable higher dimension operators in both the quadratic and quartic regimes. In the quadratic regime, the preheating is also efficient, even though it is less than the lower dimension.
On the other hand, the non-renormalizable higher dimension operators in the quartic regime are extremely inefficient. In our work, we also introduce a simple mechanism controlled by the characteristic momentum α to suppress the particle production during preheating. Additionally, we emphasized the significance of the small momentum of the particles produced during preheating for the abundance of primordial black holes. This result supports the efficient preheating in the quadratic regime. Finally, we evaluate two modes of the reheating temperature, which differ based on the preheating efficiency during the quadratic regime.
Removing spurious degrees of freedom from EFT of gravity
Authors: Glavan Dražen , Mukohyama Shinji , Zlosnik Tom 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In the effective field theory approach to gravity, the Lagrangian density for
general relativity is supplemented by generally covariant terms of higher order
in the Riemann tensor and its derivatives. At face value, these terms will result
in higher derivative equations of motion and additional degrees of freedom
beyond those of general relativity. This is seemingly at odds with the goal of
effective field theory which is to encode ultraviolet corrections
in terms of existing low energy degrees of freedom. Here we apply an
action-based procedure for the removal of spurious degrees of freedom for the
case of general relativity supplemented by a term cubic in the Riemann
tensor.
To the order we work in, the resulting reduced theory takes the form of
minimally modified gravity, which is a class of modified
gravity theories that propagate just the massless spin-2 graviton, but exhibit a preferred
frame at short distances due to a deformation of time diffeomorphisms.
Our work suggests that this class of theories can be understood as an
effective
theory of gravity, capturing effects of unknown ultraviolet physics.
Radio emission from atmosphere-skimming cosmic ray showers in high-altitude balloon-borne experiments
Authors: Tueros Matías , Cabana-Freire Sergio , Álvarez-Muñiz Jaime 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Atmosphere-skimming air showers are initiated by cosmic rays with incoming directions that allow the cascade to develop entirely within the atmosphere, without reaching the ground. Radio pulses induced by this type of showers have already been observed in balloon-borne experiments such as ANITA, but a detailed characterisation of their properties is lacking. The extreme range of densities in which these cascades can develop gives rise to a wide range of shower profiles, with radio emission characteristics that can differ significantly from those of regular downward-going showers. In this work, we have used the ZHAireS-RASPASS program to characterise the expected radio emission from atmosphere-skimming air showers and its properties. We have studied the interplay between the magnetic field and atmospheric density profile in the expected radio signal, focusing on its detection aboard balloon-borne experiments. The almost horizontal geometry of the events gives rise to a significant refractive asymmetry in the spatial distribution of the electric field, due to the propagation of the radio signals across a gradient of index of refraction. In addition, a unique coherence asymmetry appears in the intensity of the signals, as a consequence of the cumulative effect of the Earth's magnetic field over the very long distances that these particle cascades traverse. The implications of the peculiar characteristics of the emission are discussed regarding their impact both on the interpretation of collected data and in the exposure of balloon-borne experiments.
Bardeen-Dirac stars in Anti-de Sitter spacetime
Authors: Zhang Xiao-Yu , Zhao Li , Wang Yong-Qiang 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this paper, we construct a static spherical symmetric Bardeen-Dirac stars (BDSs) in the four-dimensional Anti-de Sitter (AdS) spacetime, which consists of the electromagnetic field and Dirac field coupled to gravity. We investigate the ADM mass, Noether charge and light rings of BDSs in AdS spacetime. In asymptotically Minkowski spacetime, the maximum frequency of BDSs is one. However, we observe that the maximum frequency of BDSs increases as the cosmological constant decreases in AdS spacetime. Additionally, BDSs can exhibit extreme behavior at low frequencies, refer to as Frozen Bardeen-Dirac stars (FBDSs) in AdS spacetime. FBDSs have a critical event horizon, where the metric function gtt
is very close to zero. The matter is entirely encapsulated by this critical horizon, highly concentrated within it. When the magnetic charge is fixed, the FBDSs gradually disappear as the cosmological constant decreases.
Coil optimization methods for a planar coil stellarator
Authors: Kruger T.G. , Martin M.F. , Gates D.A. ,   the Thea Energy Team
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The planar coil stellarator design is a novel approach to producing the confining magnetic field of a stellarator plasma. The work presented here details the optimization of the two types of planar coils that are used in the planar coil design: the plasma encircling coils, and the shaping coils. The plasma encircling coils provide the mean magnetic field and linking current, similar to the toroidal field (TF) coils in a tokamak. The plasma encircling coils can be rotationally symmetric TF-like coils and produce a

B
∝
1

/

R

field, but optimizing their placement, tilt, and shaping can substantially reduce the magnetic field error. In addition, an array of dipole-like shaping coils, that lie on a surface between the plasma boundary and the encircling coils, correct for the residual magnetic field error following encircling coil optimization. As a proof-of-concept, it is shown that by optimizing both types of coils, subject to realistic engineering constraints, reasonable magnetic field errors of ∼1% have been achieved. Comparison to a traditional modular coil set reveals that similarly low magnetic field errors can be attained with the planar coil stellarator.