bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Review of: Cross-Examination: The Comprehensive Guide for Experts
Authors: DeHaan JD 
Published: May 2004

Abstract
Courtroom testimony with its intense adversarial setting is one of the most feared aspects of being a forensic scientist because no one likes to have their statements, opinions, and reasoning challenged, and here it is the heart of the proceeding. It is so off-putting that some new criminalists change their careers rather than prepare themselves to meet the challenges offered. This is the book I wish I had 30 years ago. Aimed at expert witnesses testifying in both civil and criminal trials, it explains the process of testimony and cross-examination so that the witness can prepare to give the most effective testimony. Such preparation may not quell all the fears but at least reduce them. As one colleague used to put it, “get all the butterflies flying in formation.”
Review of: Encyclopedia of Forensic Science
Authors: Ballou S 
Published: May 2004

Abstract
The Encyclopedia of Forensic Science is a condensed version of facts and trivia that should be at the forensic examiner's fingertips when testifying in court. I thoroughly enjoyed the random insertion of case histories that pulls the reader out of the analytical depths and into reality. The case histories are peppered with speculation adding to the intrigue; photographs and diagrams are nicely inserted allowing visual explanation of a process or technique. Although if this document is targeted to the novice forensic science student as both the forward and preface allude to, then the text should have undergone a more thorough review.
The Autosomal STR Frequencies in Pakistani Populations
Authors: Hadi S , Vanezis P , Goodwin W 
Published: May 2004

Abstract
Pakistani (n = 704); Punjabi (n = 200), Pushtoon (n = 170), Sindhi (n = 100), Baluchi (n = 35), Makrani (n = 48), Brosho (n = 54), Kalash (n = 97).
Effect of Surface Macrotexture on Skid Resistance Measurements by the British Pendulum Test
Authors: Liu Y , Fwa T F , Choo Y S 
Published: May 2004

Abstract
The British pendulum test is a common procedure for laboratory as well as field measurement of the low-speed friction of a road surface material. It is widely suggested that the measured low-speed friction is largely governed by the surface microtexture of the road material, and many researchers and practitioners have considered the friction measurements made by the British pendulum test to be an indirect form of measurement of available microtexture of the road material. The experimental results presented in this paper show that this general view is not always correct. This study investigated the effects of test surface macrotexture represented by the following two geometric parameters: the size of subcontact areas and the magnitude of gaps between subcontact areas. The test results demonstrated that the low-speed friction measurements by the British pendulum tester were significantly affected by test surface macrotexture. This finding also implies that the closely packed aggregate condition required for the laboratory British pendulum test may not produce a correct assessment of the skid resistance of the true road surface. Laboratory measurements are likely to overestimate the skid resistance of a road surface if the surface aggregate spacing is wider than the spacing of the manually-packed laboratory specimens.
On the Mechanical Behavior of Global Parameters in Material Characterization by Sharp Indentation Testing
Authors: Larsson P-L 
Published: May 2004

Abstract
Sharp contact problems are examined theoretically and numerically. The analysis is focused on elastic-plastic materials and, in particular, the behavior of global contact quantities, such as mean contact pressure and the size of the contact area, in the transition region where elastic and plastic effects are of equal magnitude. It is shown that under these circumstances, the global contact quantities can be correlated accurately using a single parameter, comprising both geometrical and mechanical properties, if the uniaxial stress-strain curve of the material is represented by the stress level(s) at appropriate value(s) of the accumulated plastic strain. From a practical point of view, the presented results are directly applicable to material characterization or measurements of residual mechanical fields by sharp indentation tests, but also for situations such as contact in gears or in electronic devices. The numerical analysis is performed by using the finite-element method.
The Response of 1CrMoV Rotor Steel to Service-Cycle Thermomechanical Fatigue Testing
Authors: Holdsworth SR , Mazza E , Jung A 
Published: May 2004

Abstract
The testing details and results of a series of service-cycle thermomechanical fatigue (TMF) tests on two heats of a 1CrMoV steam turbine rotor steel are described. Two unexpected features of the tests were the development of testpiece necking and, in one heat of the steel, noninteracting creep and fatigue damage. The paper provides a detailed consideration of these aspects.
Both features are attributed to the magnitude of the temperature gradient along the testpiece gage length at peak temperature during TMF cycling. The temperature gradient was acceptable according to the current draft ISO Standard for TMF testing. In the light of the experience described, it is recommended that this existing guidance be reviewed.
Hypertension Management and Control in Primary Care: A Study of 20 Practices in 14 States
Authors: Ornstein Steven M. , Nietert Paul J. , Dickerson Lori M. 
Published: May 2004

Study Objective. To describe the management and control of hypertension in primary care practice.Design. Retrospective medical record review.Setting. Twenty primary care practices in 14 states.Patients. Thirteen thousand forty‐seven patients with hypertension.Measurements and Main Results. Diagnoses, drugs prescribed, and blood pressure readings were extracted from the electronic medical record at each practice in the study. For patients with hypertension and comorbid diagnoses, the most recent blood pressure and antihypertensive drugs prescribed were determined. Analyses assessed the blood pressure control rates and the association between control and demographic variables, frequency of visits to the practice site, and pharmacologic treatment patterns. Among the 20 practices in the study, 13,047 patients had received a diagnosis of hypertension and their blood pressures had been measured within the previous 12 months. One third of the patients had comorbid coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus, heart failure, and/or renal insufficiency. The most recent blood pressure reading was below 140/90 in half the patients. Control was associated with age 60 years or younger, female sex, more than one visit to the practice, more than one comorbidity, and type of practice (p<0.01, logistic regression). Wide variability was noted among practices in the use of multiagent antihypertensive therapy, and in antihypertensive therapy by drug class. Among patients without comorbidity treated with one drug, systolic blood pressure did not differ significantly by drug class. Diastolic blood pressure was slightly lower in patients prescribed thiazide diuretics than in those prescribed angiotensin receptor blockers (p=0.03, analysis of covariance).Conclusion. Blood pressure control in primary care practice can be much better than reports usually indicate. Good control in this study was not due to specific drug choice, but instead may have been due to regular monitoring of blood pressure and motivation of the practice to improve patient care.
Lamellar Mesostructured Silicas with Chemically Significant Hierarchical Morphologies
Authors: Karkamkar A. J. , Kim S.‐S. , Mahanti S. D. , Pinnavaia T. J. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractWe describe the hierarchical structures of mesostructured silicas assembled from electrically neutral and unsymmetrical Gemini surfactants of the type CnH2n+1NH(CH2)mNH2 with n = 10, 12, 14 and m = 3, 4. As expected for Gemini surfactants with an all anti‐chain configuration and a packing parameter near 1.0, lamellar framework structures are formed, regardless of the length of the alkyl chain (n) and the number of carbon atoms (m) linking the two amino group centers. However, different layer curvatures and levels of hierarchical structure are observed depending on the delicate balance between the hydrophilic interactions at the surfactant head group–silica interface and the hydrophobic interactions between the surfactant alkyl groups. For Gemini derivatives with n = 12 or 14 and m = 3 or 4, well‐expressed hierarchical vesicles are formed that are analogous to those assembled previously from Gemini surfactants with m = 2. However, for n = 10, a new coiled slab structure (m = 3) and an onion‐like core–shell structure (m = 4) are formed. In addition, a previously unobserved stripe‐like silica structure is obtained from a C012+2+0 Gemini surfactant in combination with an α,ω‐diamine co‐surfactant. The relative stability of these hierarchical structures depends on the delicate competition between the long‐range elastic forces occurring in the hydrophobic region of the assembled surfactant and the short‐range chemical forces in the hydrophilic moiety. Lamellar silicas with hierarchical vesicular structures, the new coiled slab, and stripe‐like phases promise to be chemically significant morphologies, because they can minimize the framework pore length and provide optimal access to the framework walls under diffusion‐limited conditions.
Materials for Multibit‐per‐Site Optical Data Storage
Authors: Wang J. , Stucky G. D. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractAn approach for multibit‐per‐site optical data storage has been proposed and demonstrated using mesostructured composite films incorporated with uniformly dispersed photoacid generator and pH‐sensitive dye molecules. Upon light illumination, photoacid generator molecules produce acid, which induces a change in the absorption property of pH‐sensitive dye molecules. Because the amount of the generated acid is proportional to the illumination time, the resulting change in the absorption property of mesostructured composite films varies as a function of the illumination time. This function between the absorption property of mesostructured composite films and the illumination time can be used for multibit‐per‐site optical data storage. Recording is performed by using certain discrete values of the illumination time to represent information bits. Reading out is achieved by measuring the absorbance of composite films at a particular wavelength, from which the stored information bits can be determined. In general, N‐bit‐per‐site storage can be realized using 2N discrete values of the illumination time. This multibit‐per‐site approach for optical data storage is compatible with the current single‐bit‐per‐site technology used for compact disks and digital versatile disks, and will provide significantly larger optical storage capacity. It is also suitable for two‐photon multilayer optical data storage if the photoacid generators and pH‐sensitive dyes are properly designed.
Estimation of infinite dilution activity coefficients of organic compounds in water with neural classifiers
Authors: Giralt Francesc , Espinosa G. , Arenas A. , Ferre‐Gine J. , Amat L. , Gironés X. , Carbó‐Dorca R. , Cohen Y. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractA new approach is presented for the development of quantitative structure–property relations (QSPR) based on the extraction of relevant molecular features with self‐organizing maps and the use of a modified fuzzy‐ARTMAP classifier for variable prediction. The present methodology is demonstrated for the development of a QSPR for the aqueous‐phase infinite dilution activity coefficient γ∞, based on a data set of 325 diverse organic compounds. The QSPR was developed using a set of 11 molecular descriptors (four connectivitiesvχ1–4, Coulomb self‐similarity measure, electron–nuclear attraction, dipole moment, sum of atomic numbers, number of filled levels, average polarizability, and nuclear–nuclear repulsion). The final set of molecular descriptors was selected from an initial pool of 23 topological and quantum chemical descriptors, including six molecular quantum similarity measures, by means of a topological analysis of self‐organization of the data set. Additional interpolated information to enhance the training of the neural system was obtained from the self‐organization analysis. The resulting fuzzy‐ARTMAP–based QSPRs performed with errors that were on the average seven times smaller compared to previous published models. The use of only four molecular quantum similarity measures proved to be sufficient for building a lnγ∞fuzzy‐ARTMAP–based QSPR with reasonable accuracy. © 2004 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 50:1315–1343, 2004
Perrault syndrome: Evidence for progressive nervous system involvement
Authors: Fiumara Agata , Sorge Giovanni , Toscano Antonio , Parano Enrico , Pavone Lorenzo , Opitz John M. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractPerrault syndrome (PS) comprises gonadal dysgenesis and sensorineural deafness in females, and deafness in affected males. More recent studies have asked whether the neurological signs in some of the patients are a coincidental finding or part of the syndrome. We report on two pairs of sisters with gonadal dysgenesis and deafness, cerebral, and ocular involvement who developed a progressive, severe sensory, and motor neuropathy. This observation constitutes further evidence of peripheral nervous system involvement in PS. Based on the clinical observations of known patients, two forms of PS may be distinguished: one apparently non‐progressive form and another (exemplified by our two sets of sisters) with apparently progressive axonal‐cerebellar degeneration. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Medical privacy and the disclosure of personal medical information: The beliefs and experiences of those with genetic and other clinical conditions
Authors: Kass Nancy E. , Hull Sara Chandros , Natowicz Marvin R. , Faden Ruth R. , Plantinga Laura , Gostin Lawrence O. , Slutsman Julia 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThere has been heightened legislative attention to medical privacy and to protections from genetic discrimination, without large‐scale studies to document privacy concerns or analysis of whether experiences differ by whether the condition is genetic (defined here as a single‐gene disorder) or non‐genetic. To determine whether experiences regarding privacy, disclosure, and consequences of disclosure differ by whether one's medical condition is genetic, we conducted a descriptive study with one‐time, structured quantitative and qualitative interviews. We interviewed approximately 100 adults or parents of children with each of the following medical conditions: sickle cell disease, cystic fibrosis, diabetes, and HIV, and 200 adults with or at risk for breast cancer or colon cancer. The percentages of the total 597 respondents experiencing positive or negative consequences of disclosure and the degree to which experiences differed by whether the condition was genetic were the outcomes of interest. Seventy‐four percent were glad and 13% regretted others knew about their condition; these findings did not differ significantly by genetic vs. non‐genetic condition. Reports of job and health insurance discrimination were not uncommon for the overall study population (19 and 27%, respectively) but were more likely among those with genetic conditions (30 and 37%, respectively). Legislation and other policy‐making should target the needs of persons with all conditions and not focus exclusively on genetic discrimination, given that experiences and concerns generally do not differ based on the genetic etiology of the condition. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ring (Y) in two azoospermic men
Authors: Lin Ying‐Hui , Lin Yung‐Ming , Lin Ying‐Hong , Chuang Louise , Wu Shih‐Yi , Kuo Pao‐Lin 
Published: May 2004

AbstractWe have identified two azoospermic men with r(Y) in 312 infertile men presenting with non‐obstructive azoospermia or oligozoospermia. Their karyotypes were 45,X [9]/46,X, r(Y)(p11q11) [11] (case 1), and 46,X,r(Y)(p11q11) (case 2), respectively. In both cases, the Yp breakpoints were located within the pseudoautosomal region. Both cases had extensive deletions of azoospermia factors (AZFs). Case 1 also had deletion of the putative growth controlling gene (GCY) and the Yq breakpoint was located between sY741 and USP9Y. The Yq breakpoint was located between sY105 and sY109 in case 2. Both cases did not have Turner stigmata except short stature in case 1. By a combination of cytogenetic and molecular genetic tools, we showed r(Y) arose from breakage in both arms of the chromosome with subsequent fusion of two broken ends of the centric fragment to form a continuous ring. Spermatogenic defects in men with r(Y) may result from deletion of Y‐linked AZFs combined with synaptic failure. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nonmosaic smallest duplication of 12q24.31‐qter: The first reported case
Authors: Ireland Julie Won , Jalal Syed M. , McGrann Pamela S. , Lindor Noralane M. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractDuplication of the terminal region of the long arm of chromosome 12 is not common. In 13 previous cases, duplication of this region was generally associated with deletions of the derivative chromosomes, larger sized duplications or mosaicism. We have studied a young man with a nonmosaic duplication of 12q24.31‐qter translocated to chromosome 5pter. This is the first reported case of pure subtle duplication involving less than two terminal subbands of 12q24.31 to qter. The origin of this genetic material was confirmed by whole chromosome paints and subtelomere specific FISH probes. As both the subtelomere signals for 5p and 12q were present in the der(5) chromosome, it is unlikely that there was any loss of unique DNA sequences from the terminal region of chromosome 5p. This case is compared with 13 other reported cases with a duplication of the 12q terminal segment. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Congenital cataract, microphthalmia, hypoplasia of corpus callosum and hypogenitalism: Report and review of Micro syndrome
Authors: Derbent Murat , Agras Pinar Isık , Gedik Şansal , Oto Sibel , Alehan Füsun , Saatçi Ümit 
Published: May 2004

AbstractWe report on a 7‐month‐old boy with Micro syndrome who was referred for assessment of mental‐motor retardation and reduced vision with cataract. The characteristics of Micro syndrome are mental retardation, microcephaly, congenital cataract, microcornea, microphthalmia, agenesis/hypoplasia of the corpus callosum, and hypogenitalism. The differential diagnosis includes cerebro‐oculo‐facio‐skeletal syndrome (COFS); a syndrome involving cataract, arthrogryposis, microcephaly, and kyphoscoliosis (CAMAK); a syndrome with cataract, microcephaly, failure to thrive, and kyphoscoliosis (CAMFAK); Martsolf syndrome; Neu–Laxova syndrome; Lenz microphthalmia syndrome; and Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome. Till date, no renal malformations have been reported in Micro syndrome. Our patient had fusion of the lower poles of the kidneys and his left kidney was ectopic. Ocular findings are the most reliable neonatal diagnostic signs of Micro syndrome. Minör anomalies in Micro syndrome may be subtle and therefore not of significant diagnostic value. Micro syndrome is an autosomal recessive trait. Till date, most reported cases have been in individuals of Muslim origin. In countries with high rates of consanguineous marriage, such as Turkey, it is important that physicians be able to recognize this syndrome. Micro syndrome should be considered in any infant with congenital cataract. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A new insight into fragile X syndrome among Basque population
Authors: Peñagarikano Olga , Gil Alberto , Télez Mercedes , Ortega Begoña , Flores Piedad , Veiga Isabel , Peixoto Ana , Criado Begoña , Arrieta Isabel 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe expansion of a trinucleotide repeat [CGG]n located in the FMR1 X‐linked gene is the main cause of fragile X syndrome, the most common form of inherited mental retardation. We have analyzed the factors known, to date, to influence the instability of the repeat in 158 normal X chromosomes from the Spanish Basque population. These factors included length of the repeat, AGG interspersion pattern, length of uninterrupted CGG and DXS548‐FRAXAC1 markers associated haplotype. Previous investigations on Basques showed an absence of this disorder among mentally retarded individuals that was likely due to a low prevalence of large CGG alleles and the presence of AGG interruptions on them. The present report suggests that, although the frequency of large alleles is low and they do maintain AGG interruptions, different mutational pathways that might lead to fragile X syndrome could be occurring among Basques. These pathways mainly include alleles with internal sequences 9 + 9 + n and 9 + 12 + 9 that show fragile X associated haplotypes. Besides, the lack of the most proximal AGG interruption, proposed recently as a novel factor involved in CGG repeat instability, was highly identified among alleles with long pure CGG tracts, which showed an internal sequence n + 9. The data suggest that, despite the lower incidence of large alleles, the prevalence of potentially unstable alleles among Basques is similar to that of other Caucasian populations and that these alleles could become fragile X chromosomes. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Oto‐onycho‐peroneal syndrome: Further delineation and first fetal report
Authors: Bessieres‐Grattagliano Bettina , Brodaty Genevieve , Martinovic Jelena , Fallet‐Bianco Catherine , Delezoide Anne‐Lise , Daffos Fernand 
Published: May 2004

AbstractWe report on the sixth case and first fetal description of oto‐onycho‐peroneal syndrome (MIM 259780). This entity consists in the association of ear anomalies (‐oto), hypoplastic nails (‐onycho), hypoplastic or absent fibulae (‐peroneal), and shoulder anomalies. Described for the first time by Leiba et al. [1975: Birth Defects 11:67–73] in a male patient, coined by Pfeiffer [1982: Eur J Pediatr 138:317–320], and confirmed by Devriendt et al. [1998: J Med Genet 35:508–509] this condition is most likely autosomal recessive, given the occurrence in sibs of both sexes with normal parents. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Patterns of behavior across reproductive states of free‐ranging female black‐handed spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi)
Authors: Campbell Christina J. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractReports on the behavior of spider monkeys (genus Ateles) describe a suite of 5–6 behaviors that are indicative of an estrous female. This study presents hormonal data as an independent measure of reproductive state to determine if these behaviors are associated with any particular reproductive state or stage of the ovarian cycle. Fecal samples collected from 6 free‐ranging female black‐handed spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi) over the course of 11 months were assayed for estrogen (E1C) and progesterone (PdG) metabolites, using an enzyme immunoassay. Behavioral data collected from the same females were analyzed for patterns associated with different reproductive states. A more detailed analysis of behavioral data associated with reproductively cycling periods determined whether each behavior clustered with copulations or a particular phase in the ovarian cycle. Observations of place‐sniffing were more frequent for 4 of 5 females when reproductively cycling. Of all copulations observed, 80% occurred when the female participant was reproductively cycling. In addition, the rates of self‐clitoral hold and self‐clitoral rub behaviors were significantly higher for 2 of 4 and 4 of 5 of females, respectively, when reproductively cycling. No behavior consistently occurred in association with copulations or with any particular phase in the ovarian cycle. Results from this study suggest that the behaviors tested in this paper can provide some information regarding female spider monkey reproductive state (whether or not she is reproductively cycling), but that they are not indicators of estrus in female spider monkeys. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.