bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vitro Antibacterial Activities, DPPH Radical Scavenging, and Molecular Modeling of Isolated Compounds from the Bark of Grewia ferruginea
Authors: Duguma Tolessa , Melaku Yadessa , Rentsch Daniel , Ensermu Urgessa , Endale Milkyas , Dekebo Aman , Guta Lemi 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Grewia ferruginea is one of the traditional medicinal plants used in Ethiopia against various ailments. In view of its traditional use and absence of literature report, this study was intended to isolate phytochemical constituents and evaluate in vitro biological activities of the bark of G. ferruginea. The essential oil analyzed by GC-MS indicated the presence of 48 components from which 32 were characterized. Additionally, lupeol (33), β-sitosterol (34), stigmasterol (35), daucosterol (36), 7-keto-β-sitosterol (37), 6-keto-5,6-dihydro-β-sitosterol(38), and catechin (39) were isolated and purified using chromatographic methods and characterized by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. At 5 mg/mL, among all test bacteria, compound 33 and 39 exhibited inhibition zone (IZ) of about 15.2 and 12.40 mm against P. aeruginosa, respectively. Compounds 34 and 35 displayed IZ of 14.4 and 15.1 mm against S. aureus and S. pyogenes, respectively. Whereas, compounds 37 and 38 showed IZ of 14.7 mm against E. coli. On the other hand, IZ of the essential oil against S. aureus was 13.4 mm. At 62.5 µg/mL, among the isolated compounds, compound 39 inhibited the highest (90.2%) DPPH radical while compounds 34 and 35 inhibited the least (18.5%) DPPH radical and their potency was confirmed by their IC50 value (2.0 and 85.7 µg/mL), respectively. In another way, the essential oil inhibited only 28.6% DPPH radical. According to the molecular docking studies result, among selected targets, Pseudomonas quinolone signal (PqsA) and human topoisomerase IIβ inhibited more (-9.1 and − 8.8 kcal/mol), respectively by compound 33. E. coli DNA Gyrase B inhibited more (-8.0 kcal/mol) by compound 38. Whereas pyruvate kinase M2 inhibited more (-9.9 kcal/mol) by compound 39. The result of SwissADME and Pro Tox II online tool analysis indicated that all tested isolated compounds fulfill the Lipinski’s rule of five and none of them are suspected to be fatal if swallowed. Therefore, the in silico study result of compound 33–39 supported the in vitro test result and hence might be considered as a lead compound in antibacterial and anticancer drug development. Furthermore, the presence of these active phytochemicals might be an evidence for the traditional uses of the plant.
How Online Health Information Searches by Chinese Citizens Affect Vaccination Behaviour During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Conditional Process Model
Authors: Xu Yunpeng , Pan Chen , Kong Peiyu , Shangguan Lina 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
During the COVID-19 pandemic, online health information search (OHIS)has emerged as a crucial tool for the public to access health-related information and influence their health attitudes. However, it also presents challenges to the public’s vaccination behaviour (VB). This study aims to analyse the impact of OHIS on VB in the context of the pandemic.
Methods
Data from the 2021 Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) comprising 2547 samples were analysed. The study employed logistic regression, path analysis, and the Bootstrap method to explore the influence of OHIS on VB. Particular attention was given to the mediating roles of satisfaction with the healthcare system (SWTHS)and Vaccine Risk Perception (VRP), as well as the moderating effect of Perceived Usefulness of Online Information (PUOI)
Results
The study revealed a significant positive association between OHIS and VB, indicating that OHIS contributes to increased vaccination behaviour. In the pathway connecting OHIS to VB, SWTHS played a significant negative mediating role, while vaccine risk perception did not exhibit a mediating effect. Additionally, PUOI was identified as having a negative moderating influence on the relationship between OHIS and SWTHS.
Conclusion
This study employed the Knowledge-Attitude-Practice model and the Dual-System Theory of Decision Making to create a conditional process model examining the mechanistic influence of OHIS on VB. The findings revealed that promoting increased online health information searching, enhancing information usefulness, boosting satisfaction with the healthcare system, and concurrently reducing vaccine risk perception effectively promoted vaccine uptake during health crises. These insights have practical implications for public health interventions and information dissemination strategies.
Corneal Biomechanics and Their Association With Severity of Lens Dislocation in Marfan Syndrome
Authors: Jin Guangming , Zou Minjie , Li Longhui , Liu Zhenzhen , Young Charlotte , Qi Haotian , Zheng Danying 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Purpose: To investigate corneal biomechanical properties and its associations with the severity of lens dislocation in patients with Marfan syndrome.
Methods: A total of 30patients with Marfan syndrome and 30 age-, sex- and axial length (AL) - matched controls were recruited. Corneal biomechanical parameters of both groups were measured by CorVis ST and were compared between groups. Potential associations between corneal biomechanical parameters and severity of lens dislocation were also investigated.
Results: Lower applanation 1 velocity (A1V) (0.13 ± 0.004 vs. 0.15 ± 0.003, P = 0.016), shorter applanation 2 time (A2T)(22.64 ± 0.11 vs. 22.94 ± 0.11, P = 0.013), longer peak distance (PD) (5.03 ± 0.07 vs. 4.81 ± 0.05, P = 0.008), longer radius (R) of highest concavity (7.44 ± 0.16 vs. 6.93 ± 0.14, P = 0.012), greater Ambrosio relational thickness horizontal (ARTh) (603 ± 20 vs. 498 ± 12, P <0.001), and integrated radius (IR) (8.32 ± 0.25 vs. 8.95 ± 0.21,P =0.033) were detected among Marfan eyes compared with controls (all P<0.05). Marfan individuals with more severe lens dislocation tended to have increased stiffness parameter as longer A1T, slower A1V, shorter A2T, slower application 2 velocity (A2V), smaller PD and smaller Distance Amplitude (DA). (P< 0.05).
Conclusion: Marfan patients were detected to have increased corneal stiffness compared with normal subjects. Corneal biomechanical parameters were significantly associated with the severity of lens dislocation in Marfan patients.
Monitoring hyperhydration and polyneuromyopathy in critically ill patients using Bioelectrical impedance
Authors: Káňová Marcela , Petřeková Karin , Borzenko Nadezhda , Rusková Klára , Nytra Ivana , Dzurňáková Pavla , Burda Michal 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background: Hyperhydration and muscle wasting can be profoundly detrimental in the critically ill. Properly assessing the fluid status and body composition is not trivial and is still a considerable challenge. Our study aims to assess the feasibility of using Bioelectrical Impedance Vector Analysis (BIVA) to monitor hydration status and skeletal muscle mass in the critically ill [including patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)], and to determine the effect on mortality of hyperhydration and muscle loss measured by BIVA compared with the recorded cumulative fluid balance (CFB). Another objective was to assess the prognostic ability of the phase angle (PA from BIVA) in comparison to that of other prognostic markers (APACHE II, serum presepsin).
Methods: We set up a prospective, clinical blinded observational study comprising COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU due to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with an expected duration of artificial pulmonary ventilation (APV) of at least seven days. We recorded demographic data, daily cumulative fluid balance (CFB) and laboratory test results (albumin, prealbumin, presepsin, CRP) along with BIVA measurements. Measurements were performed 3 times during hospitalization. The first measurement was performed within 48 hours of admission, then one week after admission and the last one before discharge.
Results: Using the 61 COVID-19 patients with ARDS on APV and/or ECMO with 3 consecutive BIVA measurements (each taken one week apart), we were able to demonstrate a positive correlation between hyperhydration (increase ECW/TBW and decrease PA) and mortality. The result was statistically significant (p = 0.005) when we excluded ECMO patients. Unlike CFB, which did not yield a statistically significant result in assessing hyperhydration, the ECW/TBW ratio and overhydration (OHY) from bioimpedance was more accurate (p = 0.0050 and p = 0.0402 in the non-ECMO group). There was no statistically significant decrease in skeletal muscle mass (SMM).
Conclusions: BIVA can be used for monitoring hydration and nutritional status in critically ill patients and is more accurate than CFB, although the need for ECMO support limits its accuracy. Hyperhydration (ECW/TBW and OHY) and low PA are also effective in predicting mortality only in non-ECMO patients. Regression analysis confirms the correlation between hyperhydration (short BIVA vector length and higher ECW/TBW ratio) and increasing presepsin with concomitant decreasing albumin.
Early changes of blood lipids in students : a longitudinal study
Authors: Zhi Xiao-Yu , Yin Xin , Wang Zhi-Long , Sun Chang-Hao , Liu Yi-Tian , Liu Liang-Yu , Zheng Ying-Ying , Wu Ting-Ting , Xie Xiang 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Aim: To clarify the prevalence of dyslipidemia and trends in changes in lipid profile in young college students.
Methods: This was a retrospective, longitudinal study. A sample of 937 students from Xinjiang Medical University was included. All baseline data and blood lipid tests obtained from 2018 and 2021 physical exams were evaluated. The trends are computed using linear regression.
Results: Compared with 2018, the incidence of dyslipidemia increased significantly in 2021, and the mean values of body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) increased, while the mean values of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) decreased significantly. In the sub-analysis of sex, ethnicity, and BMI groups, we found that the values of the cardiovascular risk components were higher in males than in females, and that the increase in the prevalence of dyslipidemia over three years was more specific in males than in females. Differences in blood lipid composition across ethnic groups were more pronounced in 2021, with significant increases in the prevalence of low LDL-C and dyslipidemia within the Han, Uygur and Kazak ethnic groups, as well as among lean, normal, overweight and obese groups based on BMI nutritional status. The rate of dyslipidemia increases with BMI. The incidence of high TG, high LDL-C and low HDL-C was significantly higher in the obese group than in the other groups. The results of linear regression revealed that, in total students (R2 =0.315), Sex (β=-1.125, P<0.001), SBP (β=0.034, P=0.002), DBP (β=0.058, P<0.001), TG (β=1.047, P<0.001), HDL (β=-2.474, P<0.001) were the independent risk factors of BMI.
Conclusions: This study demonstrates an increasing trend of dyslipidemia in young adults, which enriches the limited data on early changes in lipid profiles and gives insight into the distress of dyslipidemia in young adults.
Enhancement of The Pb/Sn Perovskite Solar Cells Efficiency Using a Graded Bandgap Model in Absorber Layer
Authors: Parashkouh Ali Baghban , Sadr Ali 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In this paper, a SnO2:F/PCBM/MAPb1 − ySnyI3/PEDOT:PSS/Au perovskite solar cell with compositionally graded bandgap was designed to improve the power conversion efficiency (PCE). Notably, the bandgap energy (Eg) trend of MAPb1 − ySnyI3 compounds with several composition values, y, was utilized to select the grading profile. Applying typical values for the device parameters, simulations were performed with SCAPS. Higher bandgap materials were employed near the front and bottom interfaces of the absorber to control the recombination rate; however, lower bandgap materials were used in the middle of the absorber to improve the generation rate. The best model was achieved using y = 0.5 and y = 1 as two end materials. This model improved the PCE of the simulated Pb- and Sn-based solar cells by around 22.7% and 31.4%, respectively. The best PCE of 28.86% was obtained by dividing the absorber layer into three uniform parts of 1.18 eV (y = 0.5) and 1.3 eV (y = 1) and, optimizing their thicknesses. The proposed model increased the short-circuit current density (Jsc) to more than 37.7 mA/cm2, with an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of around 1.1 V. Finally, applying the parabolic grading for the bandgap shift between 1.18 eV and 1.3 eV showed that increasing the inner part thickness of the absorber, up to the value of 570 nm, will slightly enhance the PCE of the solar cell.
Assessing longitudinal gut microbiome dynamics in relation to age and senescence in a wild animal population
Authors: Worsley Sarah F. , Davies Charli S. , Lee Chuen Zhang , Mannarelli Maria-Elena , Burke Terry , Komdeur Jan , Dugdale Hannah L. , Richardson David S. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
In humans, gut microbiome (GM) differences are often correlated with, and sometimes causally implicated in, ageing. However, it is unclear how these findings translate in wild animal populations. Furthermore, studies that investigate how GM dynamics change within individuals (as opposed to among individuals), and with declines in physiological condition, are needed to fully understand links between chronological age, senescence, and the GM, but have rarely been done. Here, we use longitudinal data collected from a closed population of Seychelles warblers (Acrocephalus sechellensis) to investigate how bacterial GM alpha diversity, composition, and stability are associated with chronological age and the year leading up to death. We hypothesise that GM diversity and composition will differ, and variability will increase, in older adults, particularly in the terminal year prior to death, as it becomes dysregulated due to host senescence.
Results
GM alpha diversity and composition remained largely invariable with respect to adult age and did not differ in an individual’s terminal year. Furthermore, there was no evidence that the GM became more heterogenous in senescent age groups (individuals older than 6 years), or in the terminal year. Instead, environmental variables such as season, territory quality, and time of day, were the strongest predictors of GM variation in adult Seychelles warblers.
Conclusion
We found no evidence to suggest that host senescence is associated with GM restructuring within a natural population. This contrasts with studies on humans, captive animal populations, and some (but not all) studies on non-human primates, suggesting that GM deterioration may not be a universal hallmark of senescence in wild animal species. Further work is needed to disentangle the factors driving variation in GM-senescence relationships across different host taxa.
Sağlık Politikalarının 100 Yılı
Authors: KAYADUVAR Merve 
Published: October 2023

Modern ulus devletlerin inşasında merkezi kamusal sağlık hizmetlerinin örgütlenmesi önemli bir işlev görmektedir. Benzer şekilde, modern Türk devletinin inşasında da kamusal sağlık hizmetlerinin özellikle salgın hastalıklarla mücadele için gerekli sağlık kuruluşlarının örgütlenmesi önemli bir rol üstlenmiştir. Cumhuriyetin kuruluşundan İkinci Dünya Savaşı’nın sonuna kadarki dönemde sağlık hizmeti örgütlerinin kurulması, ulusal aşı ve ilaç üretimi gibi gelişmeler yaşanırken, savaş sonrası dönemde sigorta kurumları kurulmuş, Sosyalleştirme uygulamaları ile kamusal sağlık hizmetlerinin yaygınlaştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Sosyalleştirme uygulamalarının 1970’li yıllarda terk edilmeye başlanmasıyla sağlık hizmetleri piyasaya bağımlı hale gelirken, sağlıkta piyasalaşma süreci, 1980’lerde tüm dünyada egemen olan neoliberal politikalarla birlikte hem hız kazanmış hem de derinleşmiştir. 2003 yılında uygulamaya geçirilen Sağlıkta Dönüşüm Programı ile sağlık hizmetleri finansmandan, örgüt yapısına, istihdam biçiminden hizmet sunumuna her alanda köklü değişikliklere uğramıştır. Sağlık hizmetlerinde yaşanan bu temel dönüşümün tamamlayıcısı olarak 2005 yılında “Sağlıkta Dönüşümün İkinci Fazı” olarak nitelendirilen “Kamu Özel Ortaklığı” modeli olarak “Şehir Hastaneleri” projesi hayata geçirilmiştir.
Bu çalışma, sağlık hizmetlerinin Cumhuriyetin kuruluşundan itibaren 100 yıl içerisinde geçirdiği değişim ve dönüşümleri ele almayı amaçlamaktadır. Böyle bir tarihsel değerlendirme ancak Türkiye’de yaşanan ekonomik ve siyasi dönüşümlerin sağlık hizmetleri üzerindeki izdüşümlerinin göz önünde bulundurulması ile mümkündür. Dolayısıyla, çalışmada Cumhuriyetin ilk yıllarından günümüze kadar geçen dönemde uygulanan sağlık politikaları arkasında yatan iktisadi ve siyasi yapılardaki dönüşümlerle birlikte ele alınmaktadır. Ayrıca çalışma, Cumhuriyetin 100. yılında sağlık politikalarının ve bu politikalarla şekillendirilen kamusal sağlık hizmetlerinin geldiği durumu ve bu mevcut durumun sorunlarını ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır.
Cumhuriyetin Kuruluşunun Yüzüncü Yılında Türkiye Bankacılık Sistemi
Authors: NARİN Müslüme , DAVARCIOĞLU ÖZAKTAŞ Fatma , AKDEMİR Sevim 
Published: October 2023

Bankacılık sistemi ile ülkelerin ekonomik yapıları ve uygulanan politikaları arasında bir ilişki bulunmaktadır. Ülkelerin ekonomik yapıları ve izledikleri ekonomi politikalarında ortaya çıkan değişimler, bankaların işlevlerini ve mülkiyet yapılarını etkiler. Bankalar kâr amacıyla kurulan kuruluşlar olup, devletin en çok hakkında düzenlemeler yaptığı bir sektördür.
Bu çalışmanın amacı, Cumhuriyetin kuruluşundan günümüze kadar geçen yüz yıllık süreçte, Türkiye bankacılık sistemindeki gelişmeleri ve bankacılık sistemine yönelik regülasyonları incelemektir. Bu doğrultuda Türkiye bankacılık sistemindeki gelişmeler; Osmanlı Devleti’nde bankacılık ve Cumhuriyetin kuruluşundan serbestleşme dönemine kadar bankacılık (1923-1980), bankacılıkta serbestleşme ve dışa açılma dönemi (1980-2001), bankacılık sektöründe yeniden yapılandırma dönemi (2002-2007), yeniden yapılandırma sonrası gelişmeler (2008-2021) dönemine göre gruplandırılmıştır. Cumhuriyetin kuruluşundan serbestleşme dönemine kadar geçen 1923-1980 döneminde bankacılık sistemi, cumhuriyetin kuruluş dönemi, devletçilik dönemi, devletçilik sonu ve liberal dönem, planlı dönem olmak üzere kendi içinde dört döneme ayrılarak incelenmiştir. Bankacılık sektöründe yeniden yapılandırma 2008-2021 döneminde de bankaların şube, personel sayısı ve sermaye yapısındaki değişme, finansal aracılık işlevi bakımından sermaye yeterliliği ve risk göstergeleri, krediler, mevduat, toplam aktifler ve aktif kalitesi, gelir-gider yapısı, kârlılık, yoğunlaşma büyüklükleri verileri değerlendirilmiştir.
Cumhuriyetin 100. Yılında Tarımda Kapitalist Üretim İlişkilerinin Dönüşümü
Authors: DİNCER Akif , AYDIN Bahadır 
Published: October 2023

Türkiye tarımında kapitalist dönüşümün izleri, 19. yüzyılın ortalarında Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'na kadar uzanır. Osmanlı’da büyük toprak sahipliğinin gelişmesi, küçük köylünün mülksüzleşmesiyle eş anlı yürümüş ve köylü sınıfı, küçük üreticilikten toprağı ortakçılıkla işleyen çiftçi statüsüne indirgenmiş ya da ücretli işçiye dönüşmüştür. 19. yüzyılın ikinci yarısında pazar için üretimin başlamasıyla kapitalist üretim ilişkileri de belirginleşmiştir. Cumhuriyet'ten sonra da büyük toprak sahipliği siyasi ve ekonomik karar alma süreçlerinde öncü rol oynamış ve toplumsal değişimin önündeki en büyük engel olmuştur. 1960'lara kadar iktidarda kalan ve makineleşmenin avantajlarını kullanan büyük toprak sahipleri, ortakçı emek biçimlerini tasfiye ederek yerine ücretli emek kullanıp toprak kiralamaya yönelmiştir. Başka bir deyişle, ortakçı köylüleri tasfiye eden bu sınıf, kapitalist üretim ilişkilerine yönelmiştir.
1980 ve sonrası, önceki dönemlerden farklı birikim ve bölüşüm politikaların benimsendiği ve neoliberal politikaların ülkeye dayatıldığı yeni dönemdir. Tarıma dayatılan neoliberal politikalar, 1980-2000 ve 2000 sonrası dönem olmak üzere iki alt dönemde uygulanmaya başlanmış ve tarımda küçük üreticiliğin tasfiyesi üzerine kurgulanmıştır. 1980-2000 alt dönemi, uluslararası kurumlar (IMF, DB, DTÖ) tarafından tarımda liberalleşme ve şirketleşme politikaları, çeşitli yasal düzenlemelerle dayatılmıştır. 2000 ve sonrası ise tarım, AB’ye üyelik müzakereleri kapsamında gündeme gelmiş ve tarımsal yapıların tamamen AB standartlarına uygun hale getirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. AB standartlarının yakalanması için de benimsenen temel politika, küçük üreticiliğin tasfiye edilerek yerine büyük ölçekli tarım işletmelerinin kurulmasıdır.
Bu çalışmada, Türkiye tarımında kapitalist üretim ilişkilerinin dönüşümünün tarihsel sürecinden yola çıkarak, genel tarım sayımları ve çiftçi kayıt sistemi verilerinden yararlanarak tarımsal yapılar ve arazi büyüklüğündeki değişim incelenmiştir.
On polylinear differential realization of the determined dynamic chaos in the class of higher order equations with delay
Authors: Banshchikov A. V. , Lakeev A. V. , Rusanov V. A. 
Published: October 2023

The investigation has defined the characteristic criterion (and its modification) of solvability of the problem of differential realization of the bundle of controlled trajectory curves of determined chaotic dynamic processes in the class of bilinear non-autonomous ordinary second- and higher-order differential equations (with and without delay) in the separable Hilbert space. The problem statement under consideration belongs to the type of converse problems for the additive combination of nonstationary linear and bilinear operators of the evolution equation in the Hilbert space. The constructions of tensor products of the Hilbert spaces, structures of lattices with an orthocomplement, the theory of extension of M2 -operators and the functional apparatus of the entropy Relay Ritz operator represent the basis of this theory. It has been shown that in the case of the finite bundle of the controlled trajectory curves the existence of the property of sub-linearity of the given operator allows one to obtain sufficient conditions of existence of such realizations. Side by side with solving the main problems, grounded are topological-group conditions of continuity of projectivization of the Relay Ritz operator with computing the fundamental group (Poincare group) of its compact image. The results obtained give incentives for the development of the quantitative theory of converse problems of higher-order multilinear evolution equations with the operators of generalized delay describing, for example, differential modeling of nonlinear Van der Pol oscillators or Lorentz strange attractors.