bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Total RNA extraction method and Prunus species influence the detection of Plum pox potyvirus by real-time RT-PCR
Authors: MAVRIČ PLEŠKO Irena , VIRŠČEK MARN Mojca , TOPLAK Nataša 
Published: December 2023

Successful total RNA (totRNA) extraction is a prerequisite for a successful real-time PCR. In the present work we compared one manual and one automated totRNA extraction method for detection of Plum pox potyvirus (PPV) in leaves of different Prunus sp. using developed real-time RT-PCR assay. Advantages and disadvantages of compared methods are described in the view of sensitivity, reproducibility and in terms of laboratory use. The results suggest that the column based totRNA extraction method is more effective for apricot, plum and peach. In the case of damson the differences in real-time PCR results between both extraction methods were negligible. In case of negative results obtained with automated method, manual column based extraction method should be used additionally.
PCR identification of rpgip1 transgene in Pisum sativum L.
Authors: POLOK Kornelia , JACOBSEN Hans-Jörg 
Published: December 2023

Recent efforts to increase Ascochyta blight resistance of pea have focused on the introduction of foreign genes by genetic engineering. The rpgip1 gene from Rubus idaeus was introduced by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation into Pisum sativum, cv. Baroness with the aim to increase pea resistance to fungal diseases. Notwithstanding this success, practical applications have to be preceded by the development of analytical methods for screening. Singleplex and multiplex PCR assays were employed to test primer efficiency in identifying the rpgip1 transgene in 11 pea genotypes. Five from ten primer combinations were effective in identifying transgene or insert sequences. PCR amplification using five other primer pairs revealed unspecific amplicons. According to in silico analyses, they arose from retrotransposons and pea genes including homologues of rpgip1. Two sets of primers were prepared with the aim of simultaneous amplification of different rpgip1 fragments. Fingerprints were sums of bands observed from individual pairs so the utility of multiplex assays was demonstrated. An additional advantage of multiplex PCR was clear differentiation between the transgene and endogenous pgip genes present in the donor species, R. idaeus. Sequencing of two PCR products confirms that no substantial rearrangements at the rpgip1 transgene arose during development of transgenic plants. However, a deletion occurred at 59 bp in the PGIP+VST line and a substitution at 392 bp in the PGIP line. The frequency of point mutations was not high (1.1 x 10-3) and comparable with the frequency expected for host genes based on the neutral theory of molecular evolution.
Contrastive responses of spring and winter wheat cultivars to chilling and acclimation treatments
Authors: HAJIBOLAND Roghieh , HABIBI Ghader 
Published: December 2023

Photosynthesis and antioxidant defense system were investigated under chilling stress without (Ch, 25-4 ºC) and with acclimation (AcCh, 14-4 ºC) in winter (Sabalan) and spring (Zagros) wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars. Maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II and CO2 assimilation rate decreased in AcCh ‘Zagros’ but not in ‘Sabalan’, and in contrast, an increase in non-photochemical quenching was observed in ‘Sabalan’ but not in ‘Zagros’. Reduction of leaf starch content was observed in both cultivars while total soluble carbohydrates increased only in ‘Sabalan’ under both Ch and AcCh treatments. Activity of superoxide dismutase was significantly higher in Ch plants and activity of ascorbate peroxidase and catalase was slightly higher in Ch and AcCh plants of both cultivars compared with control. Activity of peroxidase increased in Ch and AcCh plants of ‘Zagros’ while phenylalanine ammoialyase (PAL) activity increased in AcCh ‘Sabalan’. Increase in the leaf content of H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA) was more prominent in ‘Zagros’ than in ‘Sabalan’. According to our results, chilling tolerance in winter cultivar was associated with greater thermal dissipation, higher soluble carbohydrates content, greater PAL activity and lower H2O2 and MDA content. Furthermore, acclimated plants were not more protected against chilling injury compared with non-acclimated ones.
Cultivation, varietal structure and possibilities for cross-pollination of Brassica napus L. in Slovenia
Authors: PIPAN Barbara , ŠUŠTAR-VOZLIČ Jelka , MEGLIČ Vladimir 
Published: December 2023

Oilseed rape, Brassica napus L., is one of the most important oil plants of the moderate climatic zone and a typical industrial plant. In the past, dynamics of oilseed rape production in Slovenia was reflected in flexible agricultural market situation because of introduction of new crops into rotation and due to financial supports from European Union. In 2010, it was cultivated on 5351ha, accounting for about 1.1% of the total production areas in Slovenia. It is mainly grown in the eastern part of Slovenia (Pomurje, Podravje) and in the Spodnje-Posavska region. From 1984 until 2010, 58 different genotypes of oilseed and fodder rape were grown in Slovenia, of which a total of 28 were registered in the National List of Varieties in each year. Average yield of oilseed rape was ranged between 1.8 and 2.9 t/ha. Under Slovenian fragmented property structure the cross-pollination between B. napus and volunteer or feral populations (within and outside the production area) can occur. In addition to that, the presence of some sexually compatible relatives which have a high affinity to cross-pollination with B. napus are found (B. rapa, B. oleracea, B. nigra, Hirchfeldia incana, Raphanus raphanistrum, Sinapis arvensis, Diplotaxis erucoides, D. tenuifolia, D. muralis, S. alba, R. sativus and Rapistrum rugosum). Uncontrolled gene flow between different forms of B. napus or sexually compatible wild relatives in the case of coexistence of different production systems has a direct impact on the varietal purity of seeds and on crop quality.
Massive occurrence of Podagrica fuscicornis (L.) (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) on common marshmallow (Althaea officinalis L.)
Authors: BOHINC Tanja , VIDRIH Matej , TRDAN Stanislav 
Published: December 2023

In May 2011 we noticed high number of Podagrica fuscicornis adults on the leaves of common marshmallow (Althaea officinalis) grown on Laboratory Field of Biotechnical Faculty in Ljubljana. In Slovenia, this beetle was already recorded earlier but it did not caused any damage on common marshmallow (Althaea officinalis). Due to the feeding of beetles on leaves, 1 to 2 mm large holes appear. By expecting climate changes, already known bionomics of some related species and giving more emphasis on herb production in the future, Chrysomelid P. fuscicornis might represent medium sized biological factor in producing common marshmallow.
Determination of free amino acid content in the Slovenian drycured ham »Kraški pršut« and product characterization
Authors: JANEŠ Lucija , VELIKONJA BOLTA Špela , ŠKRLEP Martin , ČANDEK-POTOKAR Marjeta , PREVOLNIK Maja 
Published: December 2023

The aim of this study was to characterize the chemical profile of dry-cured ham selected and processed in accordance with the Slovenian consortium rules for »Kraški pršut« and to investigate the differences between the Biceps femoris (BF) and the Semimembranosus (SM) muscle. The free amino acid content, moisture, salt, protein, total nitrogen, non-protein nitrogen, proteolysis index, intramuscular fat and dry matter were analysed in 135 samples of dry-cured hams including both muscles. A modified method for sample preparation was developed for determination of free amino acids in dry-cured ham. The method was validated for linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantification, precision and uncertainty. According to the validation parameters the method is appropriate for the determination of free amino acid content in dry-cured ham. Higher content for several free amino acids and total free amino acids were determined in the BF muscle compared to the SM muscle.
Asymbiotic seed germination of Phalenopsis Blume orchids after hand pollination
Authors: LESAR Helena , ČERANIČ Nataša , KASTELEC Damijana , LUTHAR Zlata 
Published: December 2023

Seven commercial hybrids of Phalaenopsis were included in an asymbiotic germination experiment. Plants differed in size and color of flowers and number of inflorescences and flowers. A total of 109 flowers were included of which 60 or 55% were cross-pollinated and reciprocally pollinated. Seed capsules developed on 46 (76.7%) fertilized flowers. Of these, 38 (82.6%) produced seeds as a result of 19 combinations of cross crossing and 19 combinations of reciprocal crossing. Seeds were surface sterilized using 1.6% dichloroisocyanuric acid and inoculated in Petri dishes on commercial media Sigma P1056, in two repeats. There were 23.7% contaminated Petri dishes with seeds after sterilization. The highest average percentage of protocorms (43.1%) developed in cross crossing of plants 3x7, which statistically significantly differed (p < 0.001) from all other combinations of cross crossing except cross crossing 2x6 (30.6%). Crossing 2x6, 1x6 (8.1%) and 1x5 (5.5%) overlap and there were no statistically significant differences between them. There were no statistically significant differences among all of the remaining crossings. There was an overlap of groups among combinations of cross crossing with small flowers x big flowers and reciprocal crossing of big flowers x small flowers. In successful crossing combinations, first plants with two leaves and one or two roots developed only 80 days after seed inoculation on media. Plant no. 4 with the smallest green-yellow flowers was not compatible with any test plants. Seed capsules without seeds developed when plant 4 was a female plant and flowers just fell off when plant 4 was a male plant.
Influence of NaCl treatments on growth and biochemical parameters of castor bean (Ricinus communis L.)
Authors: JANMOHAMMADI Mohsen , ABBASI Amin , SABAGHNIA Naser 
Published: December 2023

Castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) is widely cultivated throughout the world for use as a medicinal plant and oil consumption purposes; however its salt tolerance has not been clarified. To investigate the effect of salt stress on its growth and on activity of antioxidative enzymes in different organs, castor bean plants at the 4-leaf stage were subjected to 50, 100 and 200 mM NaCl admixed to Hoagland’s solution for 10 days under greenhouse conditions. The results showed that salt stress inhibited plant growth (root and shoot length, fresh root and shot weight) but root growth was more affected then shoot. Relative water content of leaves and the membrane stability of the leaves were decreased with increasing NaCl concentration. The activity of guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) and catalase (CAT) was sharply decreased by escalation of salt stress. However activity of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) was enhanced under moderate salt stress (100 mM NaCl) in both root and shoot but then decreased with increased NaCl concentration. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased with the increase of the concentration of NaCl in shoots and root. However alternation in enzymatic antioxidant activity was noticed in shoot compared to root. Increased H2O2, total soluble protein, proline content and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in both plant’s organs was linearly and positively correlated with increasing NaCl concentration. The results of this study suggest that the salt sensitivity of Castor bean plant under salt stress conditions is probably due to a lack of efficient activity of CAT and GPX probably lead to imperfect H2O2 scavenging.
Genetic diversity and correlation estimates for grain yield and quality traits in Kosovo local maize (Zea mays L.) populations
Authors: ALIU Sali , RUSINOVCI Imer , FETAHU Shukri , SIMEONOVSKA Emilija 
Published: December 2023

The aim of the presented investigation was to estimate the genetic diversity, and correlation analysis among yield and quality traits in twenty local maize populations. The experiment was based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. In the study we compared grain yield, and quality traits such as protein, oil and starch content in grain. The results showed that there were significant differences among populations. The overall mean grain yield was 79.33 g plant-1 with the highest grain yield in population GBK-7 (105.13 g plant-1). The protein and oil contents ranged between 11.02 to 13.02% and 2.56 to 5.57%, respectively. The starch content varied from 68.58 to 70.92%. The first two canonical discriminant functions were significant at p < 0.01. It is important to point out the great relevance of the first two discriminant functions justifying 95.80% of the variability among populations. There were also big differences regarding phenotypic correlations. The study suggests that the quality traits are phenotypically and genotypically highly variable and therefore very useful for breeding process.
Determination of water balance components with high precision weighing lysimeter in Kleče
Authors: ZUPANC Vesna , NOLZ Reinhard , CEPUDER Peter , BRAČIČ – ŽELEZNIK Branka , PINTAR Marina 
Published: December 2023

Components of the basic water balance equation and water balance calculation for July 2011 for weighing lysimeter on water supply pumping station in Kleče, Ljubljana the presented. Lysimeter and outflow mass measured with high precision weighing cells and precipitation as determined from changes in the mass of the lysimeter were used in calculation. Precipitation measurements in the same time resolution as the lysimeter mass measurements would be needed for correct calculation of actual evapotranspiration. In time of high plant water requirements only substantial precipitation events directly contribute to immediate groundwater recharge. The low water retention of the aquifer sediments shows susceptibility of the aquifer to ground water pollution.
Genska banka ajde - vir slovenske genetske variabilnosti
Authors: LUTHAR Zlata 
Published: December 2023

Osnovni razlogi za zbiranje domačih vzorcev ajde po Sloveniji so bili predvsem v opuščanju pridelovanja domačih populacij in nadomestitev s tujimi uvoženimi sortami in populacijami, katerih seme je bilo na razpolago v zadostni količini pridelovalcem. Drug razlog je bil v nevarnosti, da se domače populacije skrižajo s tujim uvoženim materialom ali z novimi slovenskimi sortami in kot tretji razlog zbran material je nudil veliko variabilnost in možnost izbire ter uporabe kot vir genov za žlahtniteljsko delo. Pogosto so tam, kjer so se oz. se z žlahtnjenjem še ukvarjajo, kot potreba nastajale zbirke posameznih rastlinskih vrst. To so bili glavni razlogi pred 30 in več leti za zbiranje in reševanje gen fonda. Glede na dosedanje opise, bi lahko v grobem razdelili zbrani material v 2 skupini. Vzorce s sivimi semeni, ki imajo drobna siva semena in bele cvetove, le pri nekaterih populacijah se pojavljajo posamične rastline z rahlo roza cvetovi. Prilagojene so nižinskim in gričevnatim talnim in podnebnim razmeram, legam brez pogostih zgodnjih jesenskih slan in megla. V drugi skupini so populacije z nekoliko debelejšimi, temnimi - rjavimi semeni, osnovna barva cvetov je svetlo do temno roza, lahko se pojavijo posamične rastline z rahlo rdečimi cvetovi. Primerne so za višinske, hribovite lege s 7 do 10 dni krajšo rastno dobo. Konec septembra so primerne za žetev, saj jim v ugodnih klimatskih razmerah do takrat že odpade listje. Pri sivih populacijah pa listje odpade šele po prvih jesenskih slanah. Vzorci iz genske banke v preteklosti niso služili samo kot izhodiščni material za žlahtniteljsko delo (slovenske sorte ajde), ampak se je proučevala vitalnost semen, vsebnost polifenolov (tanina) v posameznih delih semen, genetska variabilnost in identifikacija vzorcev na nivoju DNA ter regeneracijska sposobnost v in vitro razmerah. Značilnost te zbirke je, da se je več ne dopolnjuje z domačimi populacijami, ker jih pridelovalci ne pridelujejo in jih na terenu ni možno več nabrati oz. dobiti.
Influence of seed priming on emergence and growth of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) seedlings grown under salt stress
Authors: AYMEN Elouaer Mohamed , CHERIF Hannachi 
Published: December 2023

Salinity is one of the biggest limiting factors for agriculture in semi-arid areas of the world. For this reason, an experiment was conducted to study the effect of seed priming with NaCl and CaCl2 on growth and yield responses of Tunisian coriander cultivar exposed to five levels of salinity (0, 2, 4, 6, 8 g l-1). Seeds of coriander were primed with aerated solutions of 0.13 M NaCl and CaCl2 for 24 h. Results indicated that with increasing salinity, emergence traits (total emergence, mean emergence time), growth parameters (plant height, shoot fresh and dry weight) and mineral contents (K+ and Ca2+) decreased, but to a less degree in primed seeds. In all of the salinity levels, primed seeds possessed higher emergence and growth rate than control. However, further studies are needed to highlight the effect of seed priming on yield and oil content of coriander under salt stress.
Production of rocket (Eruca sativa Mill.) on plug trays and on a floating system in relation to reduced nitrate content
Authors: JAKŠE Marijana , HACIN Janez , KACJAN MARŠIĆ Nina 
Published: December 2023

The effect of the growth system on the yield and nitrate content of rocket (Eruca sativa Mill.) was evaluated in two experiments. In the first experiment, different sizes of cells in plug trays and different fertilization treatments were tested. In the second, a floating system was used with different substrates and the nitrate content in rocket leaves was analysed. The size of the cells did not affect the yield of rocket significantly but the yield was notably higher (2.02 - 2.21 kg m-2) when plugs were fertigated once per week with 6:12:36 + ME + natural biostimulant in comparison with plugs fertigated only with a water soluble fertilizer (1.53 - 1.74 kg m-2). The best yield was obtained in vermiculite and perlite in 20 ml cells (2.13 and 1.89 kg m-2). The different substrates used in the floating system had no effect on the dry matter content, which was on average 13.7 % and was significantly lower than the dry matter content of leaves grown in peat (19.1 %). The nitrate content in leaves measured a day before and 10 days after the replacement of the nutrient solution with tap water, fell greatly from 4,288-6,764 mg NO3 kg-1 FW to 52-634 mg NO3 kg-1 FW.
Wheat straw decomposition, N-mineralization and microbial biomass after 5 years of conservation tillage in Gleysol field
Authors: TURK Andrej , MIHELIČ Rok 
Published: December 2023

Long-term field experiment to follow various effects of conservation soil tillage is conducted at Biotechnical faculty in Ljubljana. The soil is Eutric Gleysol. Conventional treatment with plowing, 22 cm deep P, and conservation treatment by rotary harrow to a depth of 10 cm N, and subplots with compost amendment (-c) and without fertilization (-n) were observed. After 5 years nutrient contents and organic matter were higher in N than P. Compost addition had a positive effect on microbial biomass, but the tillage system did not affect it. However, nitrogen mineralization and decomposition of straw were higher in P as in N, and in the soil depth of 15 – 20 cm than in the 5 – 10 cm.
Biological Control of Root-Knot Nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.): Microbes against the Pests
Authors: LAMOVŠEK Janja , UREK Gregor , TRDAN Stanislav 
Published: December 2023

Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are important pests of many cultivated plants. Recently, the most efficient chemical control products (e.g. methyl bromide) have now been restricted due to their toxic characteristics. Research on agents that work against root-knot nematodes and do not have a detrimental impact on the environment is becoming increasingly important. Advances in the last decades produced quite a number of biocontrol products that are already marketed. Some of the well-accepted commercial products contain bacteria Bacillus firmus and Pasteuria penetrans, and fungus Purpureocillium lilacinus. In this review we summarize the antagonistic activity of bacteria and fungi, with their advantages and limitations in biocontrol of root-knot nematodes.
Ohranjanje semena vrste Brassica napus L. v talni semenski banki
Authors: PIPAN Barbara , ŠUŠTAR-VOZLIČ Jelka , MEGLIČ Vladimir 
Published: December 2023

Najbolj razširjena oblika vrste Brassica napus L. je oljna ogrščica, njeno seme pa je zaradi svojih fizikalnih lastnosti zelo mobilno in zato nagnjeno k raztrosu. Nenadzorovane izgube semena predstavljajo potencial za pojavljanje samosevnih in podivjanih populacij te vrste znotraj in zunaj pridelovalnih površin, saj se njeno seme ohranja in ostaja viabilno v tleh tudi več let. Dinamika pojavnosti teh rastlin je odvisna od potenciala talne semenske banke in kompleksih interaktivnih lastnosti genotipa semena ter pedoloških in agro-klimatskih dejavnikov. Prisotnost nedefiniranih opraševalnih virov, ki izvirajo iz talne semenske banke, pa v naravi predstavlja potencial za spontane intra- in inter-speciesne oprašitve vrste B. napus, kar vpliva na spremembe v njeni genetski strukturi.
Analysis of maternal mortality in Berlin, Germany – discrepancy between reported maternal mortality and comprehensive death certificate exploration
Authors: Callaghan Julia , Dudenhausen Joachim , Paulson Lars , Hellmeyer Lars , Vetter Klaus , Ziegert Martina , Braun Thorsten , Koenigbauer Josefine Theresia 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objectives
The Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) estimates an average maternal mortality rate (MMR) of around 3.4 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births for 2019–2021, based on relevant diagnoses on death certificates. However, Germany does not currently have a registry for recording the number of maternal deaths. The aim of this study is to identify the actual number of maternal deaths in Berlin between 2019 and 2022, as well as sources of underreporting and causes of death.

Methods
Potential maternal mortality cases were identified through a search at the Berlin Central Archive for Death Certificates, inquiring women aged 15–50 years with indications of present or recent pregnancy on the death certificate. To cross match the database, an additional search at the Charité University Hospital Berlin was carried out, checking each individual file for pregnancy-association.

Results
The data search resulted in 2,316 women, 18 of which presented an association to pregnancy. Of these, 12 could be classified as maternal mortality cases (MMR 7.8/100,000). The additional search in a university setting revealed two further maternal mortality cases without prior indication of pregnancy on the death certificate. This results in a total MMR of 9.1/100,000 live births, which is over double the official estimate by the OECD.

Conclusions
Based on our findings in Berlin, it can be estimated that there is significant underreporting regarding maternal death cases in Germany. A more comprehensive recording system is needed to more accurately portray maternal mortality.
Geldmenge und Inflation
Authors: Schnabel Isabel 
Published: December 2023

Zusammenfassung
Dieser Beitrag spiegelt die in englischer Sprache gehaltene Thünen-Vorlesung Isabel Schnabels auf der Jahrestagung des Vereins für Socialpolitik am 25. September 2023 in Regensburg unter dem Titel „Money and inflation“ wider.<fnote> Ohne die Abbildungen und Fußnoten erschien der vorliegende deutschsprachige Artikel parallel zur Jahrestagung unter dem Titel „Die Geldmenge lieber nicht ausblenden“ am 26. September 2023 in der Frankfurter Allgemeinen Zeitung.</fnote> Ausgehend von der Quantitätstheorie des Geldes lotet die Ökonomin, seit 2020 Mitglied im Direktorium der Europäischen Zentralbank (EZB), die Bedeutung des Anstiegs der Geldmenge nach dem Ausbruch der Coronapandemie für die Inflationsentwicklung im Euroraum in den vergangenen Jahren aus. Sie warnt davor, die Geldmenge als Indikator für Preisstabilitätsrisiken auszublenden.