bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The reduction of affixes in morphological reanalysis: Polish neuters in -ich-
Authors: Szeptyński Rafał 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to elaborate on the typology of affix changes due to reanalysis. By discussing the Polish nominal suffix /-ix-/ as resulting from morphological reduction, viz. the false subtraction of /-k-/ from /-isk-/, the supposed unidirectionality of affix changes, i.e., the irreversibility of affix growth, is questioned. Furthermore, the article points to the possible gradual nature of morphological reanalysis, in line with recent studies in syntactic reanalysis. Other types of affix changes, which were previously unidentified or deemed impossible, are also commented on and the supposed parallelism between affix reanalysis and grammaticalization as well as degrammaticalization is considered, including the role of analogy.
Influence of habitat, density, lignin structure, and extraction treatment on thermal-softening properties of water-swollen wood: a study of 87 wood specimens
Authors: Miyoshi Yuka , Abe Hisashi , Horiyama Hiroaki , Kojiro Keisuke , Furuta Yuzo 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This study aims to reveal the diversity of thermal-softening temperatures and identify the factors that determine this temperature. To achieve this, the thermal-softening properties of the radial direction of wood were measured under water-saturated conditions for 15 softwood and 72 hardwood specimens. Wood samples were obtained from the xylarium of the Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Japan. A dynamic viscoelastic measurement was performed on samples with uniform heating and cooling history because the difference in cooling rate can alter in the mechanical properties of wood. The storage and loss elastic moduli increased linearly as wood density increased, regardless of the wood species. However, the thermal-softening temperature (defined in this study as the peak temperature of loss tangent) was unrelated to the density, anatomical features, species, latitude, and annual rainfall in the habitat. When the relationship between thermal-softening temperature and lignin structure was investigated, a negative correlation was observed between the thermal-softening temperature and the syringyl ratio (syringyl/(syringyl+guaiacyl)) of lignin aromatics. This indicates that the thermal-softening temperature is higher for wood species with denser lignin structures, supporting the prior research showed correlation between thermal-softening temperature and methoxyl group content of wood.
Fetal brain development in pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Marra Maria Chiara , Mappa Ilenia , Pietrolucci Maria Elena , Lu Jia Li Angela , D’ Antonio Francesco , Rizzo Giuseppe 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) carries an increased risk of neurocognitive impairment in offsprings. However, the contribution of maternal hyperglycemia in affecting fetal brain development is not fully elucidated yet. The aim of this study was to evaluate fetal brain and sulci development in pregnancies complicated by GDM.

Methods
Prospective observational study including 100 singleton pregnancies complicated by GDM and 100 matched controls. All fetuses underwent neurosonography at 29–34 weeks of gestation, including the assessment of the length of the corpus callosum (CC), cerebellar vermis (CV), Sylvian (SF), parieto-occipital (POF) and calcarine fissures (CF). Sub-group analysis according to the specific treatment regimen adopted (n 67 diet vs. 33 insulin therapy) was also performed.

Results
Fetuses from mothers with GDM under insulin therapy had a smaller CC (35.54 mm) compared to both controls (40 mm; p<0.001) and women with GDM under diet (39.26 mm; p=0.022) while there was no difference in the HC between the groups. Likewise, when corrected for HC, CV depth was smaller in fetuses with GDM both under insulin therapy (7.03 mm) and diet (7.05 mm,) compared to controls (7.36 mm; p=0.013). Finally, when assessing the sulci development of the brain SF (p≤0.0001), POF (p≤0.0001) and CF (p≤0.0001) were significantly smaller in fetuses with maternal GDM. Post-hoc analysis showed that fetuses of GDM mothers requiring insulin therapy had significantly lower values of SF (p=0.032), POF (p=0.016) and CF (p=0.001).

Conclusions
Pregnancies complicated by GDM showed a peculiar pattern of fetal brain growth and cortical development and these changes, which are more evident in those requiring insulin supplementation.
Semiotics and political discourse in the post-truth era
Authors: Çanakpınar Betül , Kalelioğlu Murat , Günay V. Doğan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The concept of post-truth has been on the world’s agenda since 2016. Perhaps this concept, which is frequently encountered in political life, provides the speaker with a freer speaking platform. Politicians, instead of presenting the reality to their constituents as it is, want to reshape this reality according to their own ideology and present it to the recipient. Politicians have certain objectives in creating such a virtual reality. These aims can be listed as keeping the voters, increasing the voting potential, and attracting undecided voters to their favor. The common result of all these aims is to gain political power or to remain in the existing power. Post-truth reality is constructed relatively more easily in social media environments. The construction of reality can be through beliefs or emotions. In such ways, the recipient is tried to be persuaded, and thus behavioral change is achieved. One of the most necessary subjects for this artificial reality atmosphere is the anti-subject. The idea that the anti-subject does not know the truth that we (you and I) know and believe and is trying to destroy it is the main theme of post-truth discourse. Politicians try to persuade the voters to believe in their own truth by expressing this idea to them. There are many examples of this around the world. In this study, firstly, the concept of post-truth is examined and its various definitions are discussed. The distinctions between the concepts of real and truth are analyzed and then it is explained how and for what purposes the concept of post-truth is used in politics. Following the comparison of post-truth and fake news, the concept is discussed within the framework of sender-receiver interaction in terms of communication. The concept is tried to be elucidated with the modalities such as /convincing/, /believing/, /being/, /appearing/. Besides, using the semiotic square, the study also tries to reveal the different purposes and forms of use of the concept of post-truth. As a result, it has been observed that the concept of post-truth is effective in many areas of contemporary societies, and rather than real information, expected and desired information has become more important.
High-fidelity and polarization-insensitive universal photonic processors fabricated by femtosecond laser writing
Authors: Pentangelo Ciro , Di Giano Niki , Piacentini Simone , Arpe Riccardo , Ceccarelli Francesco , Crespi Andrea , Osellame Roberto 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Universal photonic processors (UPPs) are fully programmable photonic integrated circuits that are key components in quantum photonics. With this work, we present a novel platform for the realization of low-loss, low-power, and high-fidelity UPPs based on femtosecond laser writing (FLW) and compatible with a large wavelength spectrum. In fact, we demonstrate different UPPs, tailored for operation at 785 nm and 1550 nm, providing similar high-level performances. Moreover, we show that standard calibration techniques applied to FLW-UPPs result in Haar random polarization-insensitive photonic transformations implemented with average amplitude fidelity as high as 0.9979 at 785 nm (0.9970 at 1550 nm), with the possibility of increasing the fidelity over 0.9990 thanks to novel optimization algorithms. Besides being the first demonstrations of polarization-insensitive UPPs, these devices show the highest level of control and reconfigurability ever reported for a FLW circuit. These qualities will be greatly beneficial to applications in quantum information processing.
Energy scavenging from the diurnal cycle with a temperature-doubler circuit and a self-adaptive photonic design
Authors: Zhang Zheng , Zhao Xiaodong , Chen Zhen 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
A temperature-doubler circuit is the functional equivalent of a voltage-doubler in the thermal domain. Effective temperature-doubler circuits could benefit energy scavenging from fluctuating thermal resources, e.g. the diurnal cycle. However, the current paradigm relies on static photonic designs of the selective solar absorber or blackbody emitter, which aims at maximizing energy harvesting from either the sun or outer space, but not from both. Furthermore, photonic and thermal optimizations have not yet been coupled to maximize the power output. Here we develop a general framework to optimize the energy acquisition and conversion simultaneously to maximize a temperature-doubler’s power output under a realistic solar-thermal boundary condition. With an ideal self-adaptive absorber/emitter to fully exploit the thermodynamic potential of both the sun and outer space, the theoretical limit of the temperature-doubler circuit’s average output power in a diurnal cycle is found to be 168 W m−2, a 12-fold enhancement as compared to the blackbody emitter. We provide a numerical design of such a self-adaptive absorber/emitter, which, combined with a thermoelectric generator, generate 2.3 times more power than the blackbody emitter in a synthetic “experiment”. The model further reveals that, as compared to traditional thermal circuits, the key merit of the temperature-doubler is not to enhance the total power generation, but to convert the fluctuating thermodynamic input to a continuous and stable power output in a 24 h day-night cycle.
Topologically protected optical pulling force on synthetic particles through photonic nanojet
Authors: Ren Yu-Xuan , Frueh Johannes , Zhang Zhisen , Rutkowski Sven , Zhou Yi , Mao Huade , Kong Cihang , Tverdokhlebov Sergei I. , Liu Wen , Wong Kenneth K. Y. , Li Bo 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
A dielectric microsphere concentrates light into a photonic nanojet (PNJ), and swims towards the near-infrared laser in response to the nanojet-mediated force. In contrast, a Janus particle with an opaque metal layer was thought to be impossible to concentrate light into a stable nanojet. However, the Janus particle may experience optical torque owing to the inhomogeneous composition on both sides even in linearly polarized non-resonant light. Herein, we report on topologically protected PNJ produced by a synthetic Janus particle, and observed the backaction force on the Janus particle. Due to symmetry, the counter-propagating beams can both form PNJ on the respective opposite sides, and pull Janus particles towards respective sources. Furthermore, we unveil that the hysteresis on backaction force with respect to the injection power also exists on synthetic Janus particle compared with their dielectric counterparts. Additionally, the magnitude of the backaction force varies between power increase and decrease stages even with the same laser power. We anticipate that the observation offers great possibilities to pull irregular particles by concentrating light with the particle, and such scheme may be applied for parallel particle manipulation and classification.
Mixed messages, broken trust, avoidable deaths: A critical appraisal of the UK government’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Siani Alessandro 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This short commentary draws on academic and grey literature to critically evaluate the UK response to the COVID-19 pandemic, highlighting aspects in which the response fell short and their ramifications on public trust and compliance with preventive measures. Such aspects include the initial delay in response to the outbreak, the controversial “herd immunity approach,” the mismanagement of care home patients, the inadequacy of the contact tracing system, the scandals around the procurement of personal protective equipment, and the breach of lockdown/social distancing regulations by government officials. Based on the lessons learned from these shortcomings, this commentary seeks to provide suggestions for effective public governance in the face of future health emergencies.
Empirische Grundlagen zur Weiterentwicklung klinischer Seelsorge. Ergebnisse einer repräsentativen Bevölkerungsumfrage in der Schweiz
Authors: Peng-Keller Simon , Schneider Jörg , Winiger Fabian , Neuhold David 
Published: January 2024

Zusammenfassung
Mit Blick auf die aktuellen Transformationsprozesse im Bereich klinischer Seelsorge untersuchte die vorliegende Studie die diesbezüglichen Erfahrungen und Erwartungen der Schweizer Bevölkerung. Mittels einer repräsentativen Onlinebefragung (n = 1.223) wurde zum einen in retrospektiver Hinsicht untersucht, in welchen Kontexten Menschen bereits Erfahrungen mit Seelsorgenden gemacht hatten und wie sie diese einschätzten; in prospektiver Hinsicht wurden zum anderen die konkreten Erwartungen an seelsorgliche Unterstützung bei schwerer gesundheitlicher Beeinträchtigung erfragt. Die Datenanalyse ergab vier Bedürfnistypen: (1) Ablehnung von Religion und Spiritualität (24.2 %); (2) Skepsis gegenüber Religion bei spiritueller Offenheit (41.4 %); (3) Religiosität ohne ausgeprägte Spiritualität (12.6 %); (4) ausgeprägte Spiritualität bei religiöser Offenheit (21.8 %). Während Typus 1 der Seelsorge gegenüber grundsätzlich ablehnend eingestellt ist, gibt es bei Typus 2 eine moderate Offenheit gegenüber einer Seelsorge, die ihren Schwerpunkt in einer psychosozialen Unterstützung hat. Bei Typus 3 überwiegt ein deutlich ausgeprägter Wunsch nach einer religiös-spirituellen Unterstützung durch Gebete und Rituale, während Personen, die dem Typus 4 zuzuordnen sind, das Seelsorgeangebot in dessen ganzen Breite nutzen wollen würden. Der Aufbau eines digitalen Seelsorgeangebots wird von 25 % der Befragten als sinnvoll erachtet.
Learning From a National Quality Improvement Collaborative for Brief Resolved Unexplained Events
Authors: Hochreiter Daniela , Sullivan Erin , DeLaroche Amy M. , Jain Shobhit , Knochel Miguel L. , Kim Edward , Neuman Mark I. , Prusakowski Melanie K. , Braiman Melvyn , Colgan Jennifer Y. , Payson Alison Y. , Tieder Joel S. ,   the Brief Resolved Unexplained Event Research and Quality Improvement Network
Published: January 2024

OBJECTIVE
In 2016, the American Academy of Pediatrics published the Brief Resolved Unexplained Event (BRUE) Clinical Practice Guideline (CPG). A multicenter quality improvement (QI) collaborative aimed to improve CPG adherence.

METHODS
A QI collaborative of 15 hospitals aimed to improve testing adherence, the hospitalization of lower-risk infants, the correct use of diagnostic criteria, and risk classification. Interventions included CPG education, documentation practices, clinical pathways, and electronic medical record integration. By using medical record review, care of emergency department (ED) and inpatient patients meeting BRUE criteria was displayed via control or run charts for 3 time periods: pre-CPG publication (October 2015 to June 2016), post-CPG publication (July 2016 to September 2018), and collaborative (April 2019 to June 2020). Collaborative learning was used to identify and mitigate barriers to iterative improvement.

RESULTS
A total of 1756 infants met BRUE criteria. After CPG publication, testing adherence improved from 56% to 64% and hospitalization decreased from 49% to 27% for lower-risk infants, but additional improvements were not demonstrated during the collaborative period. During the collaborative period, correct risk classification for hospitalized infants improved from 26% to 49% (ED) and 15% to 33% (inpatient) and the documentation of BRUE risk factors for hospitalized infants improved from 84% to 91% (ED).

CONCLUSIONS
A national BRUE QI collaborative enhanced BRUE-related hospital outcomes and processes. Sites did not improve testing and hospitalization beyond the gains made after CPG publication, but they did shift the BRUE definition and risk classification. The incorporation of caregiver perspectives and the use of shared decision-making tools may further improve care.
Urinary CD4+ T Cells Predict Renal Relapse in ANCA-Associated Vasculitis
Authors: Prskalo Luka , Skopnik Christopher M. , Goerlich Nina , Freund Paul , Wagner Leonie , Grothgar Emil , Mirkheshti Pouneh , Klocke Jan , Sonnemann Janis , Metzke Diana , Schneider Udo , Hiepe Falk , Eckardt Kai-Uwe , Salama Alan D. , Bieringer Markus , Schreiber Adrian , Enghard Philipp 
Published: January 2024

Significance Statement
Early identification of patients at risk of renal flares in ANCA vasculitis is crucial. However, current clinical parameters have limitations in predicting renal relapse accurately. This study investigated the use of urinary CD4+ T lymphocytes as a predictive biomarker for renal flares in ANCA vasculitis. This study, including urine samples from 102 patients, found that the presence of urinary CD4+ T cells was a robust predictor of renal relapse within a 6-month time frame, with a sensitivity of 60% and a specificity of 97.8%. The diagnostic accuracy of urinary CD4+ T cells exceeded that of ANCA titers, proteinuria, and hematuria. Monitoring urinary CD4+ T lymphocytes could help assess the risk of future renal relapse, enabling early preventive measures and tailored treatment strategies.

Background
In ANCA-associated vasculitis, there is a lack of biomarkers for predicting renal relapse. Urinary T cells have been shown to differentiate active GN from remission in ANCA-associated vasculitis, but their predictive value for renal flares remains unknown.

Methods
The PRE-FLARED study was a prospective multicenter biomarker study including 102 individuals with ANCA-associated vasculitis in remission aimed to predict renal relapse by quantifying urinary CD4+ T-cell subsets using flow cytometry at baseline and monitoring clinical outcomes over a 6-month follow-up.

Results
Among the participants, ten experienced renal relapses, two had non–renal flares, and 90 remained in stable remission. The median baseline urinary CD4+ T-cell count was significantly higher in patients who relapsed compared with those in remission. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of urinary CD4+ T-cell counts showed an area under the curve value of 0.88 for predicting renal flares, outperforming ANCA titers, hematuria, and proteinuria. Using a cutoff of 490 CD4+ T cells per 100 ml urine, the sensitivity and specificity in identifying patients with future renal flares were 60% and 97.8%, respectively. In a post hoc analysis, combining urinary CD4+ T-cell counts with proteinase-3 ANCA levels suggested improved predictive performance in the PR3+ subgroup. In addition, the number of urinary CD4+ T cells showed a limited correlation with a decline in GFR and an increase in proteinuria over the follow-up period.

Conclusions
This study concluded that urinary CD4+ T-cell counts could identify patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis at a substantial risk of renal relapse within 6 months. Combining these counts with ANCA levels further improved the prediction of relapse.

Clinical Trial registry name and registration number:
Urinary T Lymphocytes Predict Renal Flares in Patients With Inactive ANCA-associated Glomerulonephritis (PRE-FLARED), NCT04428398.
<em>In situ</em> study of mechanical properties and structural transformations during heating of WC–TaC–Co cemented carbides in a transmission electron microscope column
Authors: Zaitsev A. A. , Loginov P. A. , Levashov E. A. 
Published: January 2024

This study investigated the hardness of lamella with varying thickness, obtained from a massive, fine-grained cemented carbide comprising WC–6 %Co–0.2 %TaC, characterized by an average grain size of approximately 5 μm. The picoindentation method was employed for this analysis. Picoindentation was carried out using a Berkovich diamond indenter with a radius of curvature around 50 nm, and the experimental data were analyzed using the Oliver–Pharr model. The results revealed a significant correlation between hardness and lamella thickness. The hardness of the electron transparent section (thickness less than 100 nm) of the lamella measured 11.3±2.8 GPa, while the electron nontransparent section (thickness more than 200 nm) exhibited a hardness of 20.8±1.2 GPa. The lower hardness in electron transparent objects (thickness ~100 nm) is likely attributed to a combination of factors, including the potential bending of thin cobalt layers, the presence of edge effect, and closely spaced structural defect dislocations on the lamella surface. In situ TEM studies were conducted to examine structural transformations during the heating of WC–6 %Co–0.2 %TaC lamella, including in the presence of oxide phases (WOx ). Oxide phases on the lamella’s surface were generated by oxidizing the lamella at 200 °C in an air atmosphere. The results indicated that heating up to 500 °C did not bring about significant changes in the structure. However, at 600 °C, there was a notable thinning of cobalt layers due to intense surface diffusion of cobalt. Simultaneously, the formation of nanosized particles of the Co3W3C phase, ranging in size from 5 to 20 nm, was observed in the binder. These particles resulted from a shift in the equilibrium phase composition of the carbide, changing from a two phase region (WC + γ) to a three phase region (WC + γ + Co3W3C) as a consequence of the lamella’s oxidation.
Features of interaction between participants and the court in considering cases using web conferencing in Arbitration Courts
Authors: Tikhomirova J. V. , Shkarevskaya V. V. 
Published: January 2024

This article is dedicated to exploring the intricacies of interaction between participants of legal proceedings and the court within the context of case hearings utilizing web conferencing in Arbitration Courts. The analysis delves into both the positive and negative aspects of the online format in legal procedures and provides recommendations for optimal preparation for virtual sessions and adherence to etiquette within this framework.The article scrutinizes two major groups of issues; the first pertains to filing requests for participation in court sessions through online conferencing services and communication with the court at this stage, while the second deals with direct involvement in court sessions and the nuances of interacting with the court “through the screen”.The research demonstrates that the employment of web conferencing in Arbitration Courts brings several advantages, such as time and resource efficiency. However, it also presents its own drawbacks, associated with technical problems and limited communication possibilities.
Why Do Large Earthquakes Appear to be Rarely “Overdue” for Aotearoa New Zealand Faults?
Authors: Nicol Andrew , Mouslopoulou Vasiliki , Howell Andy , Dissen Russ Van 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Understanding temporal patterns of surface-rupturing earthquakes is critical for seismic hazard assessment. We examine these patterns by collating elapsed time and recurrence interval data from paleoseismic and historical records in Aotearoa New Zealand. We find that the elapsed time since the last earthquake is less than the mean recurrence interval for the majority (∼70%–80%) of the &gt;50 faults sampled. Calculated mean recurrence intervals using slip per event and slip rate for these faults do not indicate systematic bias of the paleoseismic recurrence-interval dataset due to missing earthquakes. Stochastic modeling of elapsed times indicates that the rarity of elapsed times greater than the mean recurrence interval is consistent with positively skewed Weibull and lognormal recurrence-interval models. Regardless of the precise explanation for the short elapsed times, the majority of faults sampled are unlikely to be chronically late in their seismic cycles.