bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
British Columbia’s Safer Opioid Supply Policy and Opioid Outcomes
Authors: Nguyen Hai V. , Mital Shweta , Bugden Shawn , McGinty Emma E. 
Published: January 2024

ImportanceIn March 2020, British Columbia, Canada, became the first jurisdiction globally to launch a large-scale provincewide safer supply policy. The policy allowed individuals with opioid use disorder at high risk of overdose or poisoning to receive pharmaceutical-grade opioids prescribed by a physician or nurse practitioner, but to date, opioid-related outcomes after policy implementation have not been explored.ObjectiveTo investigate the association of British Columbia’s Safer Opioid Supply policy with opioid prescribing and opioid-related health outcomes.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study used quarterly province-level data from quarter 1 of 2016 (January 1, 2016) to quarter 1 of 2022 (March 31, 2022), from British Columbia, where the Safer Opioid Supply policy was implemented, and Manitoba and Saskatchewan, where the policy was not implemented (comparison provinces).ExposureSafer Opioid Supply policy implemented in British Columbia in March 2020.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcomes were rates of prescriptions, claimants, and prescribers of opioids targeted by the Safer Opioid Supply policy (hydromorphone, morphine, oxycodone, and fentanyl); opioid-related poisoning hospitalizations; and deaths from apparent opioid toxicity. Difference-in-differences analysis was used to compare changes in outcomes before and after policy implementation in British Columbia with those in the comparison provinces.ResultsThe Safer Opioid Supply policy was associated with statistically significant increases in rates of opioid prescriptions (2619.6 per 100 000 population; 95% CI, 1322.1-3917.0 per 100 000 population; P &amp;lt; .001) and claimants (176.4 per 100 000 population; 95% CI, 33.5-319.4 per 100 000 population; P = .02). There was no significant change in prescribers (15.7 per 100 000 population; 95% CI, −0.2 to 31.6 per 100 000 population; P = .053). However, the opioid-related poisoning hospitalization rate increased by 3.2 per 100 000 population (95% CI, 0.9-5.6 per 100 000 population; P = .01) after policy implementation. There were no statistically significant changes in deaths from apparent opioid toxicity (1.6 per 100 000 population; 95% CI, −1.3 to 4.5 per 100 000 population; P = .26).Conclusions and RelevanceTwo years after its launch, the Safer Opioid Supply policy in British Columbia was associated with higher rates of safer supply opioid prescribing but also with a significant increase in opioid-related poisoning hospitalizations. These findings will help inform ongoing debates about this policy not only in British Columbia but also in other jurisdictions that are contemplating it.
3D‐Printed Nanostructured Copper Substrate Boosts the Sodiated Capability and Stability of Antimony Anode for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Gao Hui , Gao Wanli , Pumera Martin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) represent a viable substitute to lithium‐ion batteries due to their affordability and resource abundance. For SIBs, antimony (Sb) shows potential as anode material but is impeded by the high volumetric variations. Here the challenges of Sb sodium storage by introducing the nanostructured Cu substrate for enhanced Sb adhesion and morphology optimization is addressed, which is realized by fused deposition modeling (FDM) printing of Cu substrate, subsequent high‐temperature sintering, and electrodeposition of Sb. In SIBs, the Sb deposited on three dimensional (3D) printed Cu substrate performs improved cycling stability compared with that of Sb@Cu with commercial Cu foil substrate, which can be attributed to the nanostructure of the 3D‐Cu substrate. Such architecture of 3D‐Cu induces the generation of pine‐leaf‐like Sb clusters to promote stability and kinetics, and it aids the adhesion between the Sb cluster and 3D‐Cu substrate for preventing the Sb detachment and restructuring the Sb cluster to the robust porous ligament‐channel Sb framework. The morphology evolution, (de)sodiation mechanism, and gas evolution are explored by ex situ scanning electron microscope, operando X‐ray diffraction, and operando differential electrochemical mass spectrometry separately. The developed Sb@3D‐Cu anode offers a flexible pathway for constructing 3D‐printed self‐supported electrodes for SIBs.
Origin of Spin‐State Precise Modulation for Enhanced Oxygen Evolution Activity: Effect of Secondary Coordination Sphere
Authors: Fang Zhi , Chai Mengna , Lv Yucheng , Zhao Wanting , Hou Xinmei , Hou Yanglong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe process of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is crucial for energy storage and conversion, and the spin electronic structure of catalyst significantly influences its catalytic activity. Precisely regulating the spin electronic structures of metal active centers with intermediate spin (IS) states is challenging but important. This study presents a general method for achieving spin‐state precise modulation by altering the secondary coordination sphere (SCS) in Fe‐substituted LaCo1‐xFexO3 perovskites, denoted as Co6‐y−[Co]−Fey (y = 0–6). The concentration‐dependent SCSs can precisely regulate the spin state of Co3+ from high‐spin (HS) to IS and low‐spin (LS) state by tuning the Co─O binding energy of primary coordination sphere (PCS) to ≈567 KJ mol−1. The binding energy demonstrates a strong negative correlation with the spin state of Co3+, serving as a quantitative descriptor for precise spin‐state modulation. Furthermore, a universal optimal doping concentration is proposed for generating IS‐state Co3+ with the best OER activity, ranging from 1/(m+1) to 2/(m+1) in M‐doped ACo1‐xMxOy system with the coordination number of m. As a proof‐of‐concept, the LaCo7/9Fe2/9O3 with IS Co3+ exhibits significantly enhanced OER activity, almost six times higher than the control samples (without IS Co3+). These findings provide new insights into spin‐state modulation for effective OER catalysts.
Bridging the Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis by Supramolecular Metal‐Organic Cages with Varied Packing Modes
Authors: Kan Liang , Zhang Lei , Dong Long‐Zhang , Wang Xiao‐Han , Li Run‐Han , Guo Chenxing , Li Xiaopeng , Yan Yong , Li Shun‐Li , Lan Ya‐Qian 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntegrating the advantages of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis has proved to be an optimal strategy for developing catalytic systems with high efficiency, selectivity, and recoverability. Supramolecular metal‐organic cages (MOCs), assembled by the coordination of metal ions with organic linkers into discrete molecules, have performed solvent processability due to their tunable packing modes, endowing them with the potential to act as homogeneous or heterogeneous catalysts in different solvent systems. Here, the design and synthesis of a series of stable {Cu3} cluster‐based tetrahedral MOCs with varied packing structures are reported. These MOCs, as homogeneous catalysts, not only show high catalytic activity and selectivity regardless of substrate size during the CO2 cycloaddition reaction, but also can be easily recovered from the reaction media through separating products and co‐catalysts by one‐step work‐up. This is because that these MOCs have varied solubilities in different solvents due to the tunable packing of MOCs in the solid state. Moreover, the entire catalytic reaction system is very clean, and the purity of cyclic carbonates is as high as 97% without further purification. This work provides a unique strategy for developing novel supramolecular catalysts that can be used for homogeneous catalysis and recycled in a heterogeneous manner.
Controlling Film Formation and Host‐Guest Interactions to Enhance the Thermoelectric Properties of Nickel‐Nitrogen‐Based 2D Conjugated Coordination Polymers
Authors: Un Hio‐Ieng , Lu Yang , Li Jiaxuan , Dong Renhao , Feng Xinliang , Sirringhaus Henning 
Published: January 2024

Abstract2D conjugated coordination polymers (cCPs) based on square‐planar transition metal‐complexes (such as MO4, M(NH)4, and MS4, M = metal) are an emerging class of (semi)conducting materials that are of great interest for applications in supercapacitors, catalysis, and thermoelectrics. Finding synthetic approaches to high‐performance nickel‐nitrogen (Ni‐N) based cCP films is a long‐standing challenge. Here, a general, dynamically controlled on‐surface synthesis that produces highly conductive Ni‐N‐based cCP films is developed and the thermoelectric properties as a function of the molecular structure and their dependence on interactions with ambient atmosphere are studied. Among the four studied cCPs with different ligand sizes hexaminobenzene‐ and hexaaminotriphenylene‐based films exhibit record electrical conductivity (100–200 S cm–1) in this Ni‐N based cCP family, which is one order of magnitude higher than previous reports, and the highest thermoelectric power factors up to 10 µW m–1 K–2 among reported 2D cCPs. The transport physics of these films is studied and it is shown that depending on the host‐guest interaction with oxygen/water the majority carrier type and the value of the Seebeck coefficient can be largely regulated. The high conductivity is likely reflecting good interconnectivity between (small) ordered domains and grain boundaries supporting disordered metallic transport.
Interface‐Driven Spontaneous Differentiation‐Repulsion Behavior in Isochemical Droplet Populations
Authors: Appelman Niels , Chen Chang , Gruppen Ivar , Deshpande Siddharth 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAn important exercise for understanding the emergent behavior in biology is to study it using minimal synthetic systems. Current biomimetic systems involving directed motion and collective migration require at least three components: two immiscible solvents to form an emulsion, and external agent(s), usually surfactants, to give rise to asymmetric interactions and induce transient non‐equilibrium conditions. Here, the most minimal system thinkable, consisting of only two components, is presented, in the form of micron‐sized oil (1‐decanol) droplets dispersed in a finite water reservoir. Spontaneous emergent dynamics within chemically identical droplet populations is reported, in the form of physical differentiation of droplets in a stochastic manner leading to an immediate repulsive behavior amongst their neighbors. Using a microfluidic production platform, fluorescence microscopy experiments, and modelling, it is showed that this cyclic phenomenon of differentiation‐repulsion results from oil droplets entering the air‐water interface leading to Marangoni flows and their coupling with evaporative flux of decanol. The potential of this platform is illustrated by demonstrating control over the event frequency, its use as Marangoni tweezers to trap droplet clusters, and proof‐of‐principle reorganization of multi‐component assemblies. The presented collective behavior with exceptional chemical simplicity makes it amenable for potentially developing self‐assembled biomimetic and bioengineered structures.
Research Progress in Self‐Powered Pressure Sensors for Internet of Healthcare
Authors: Lu Bohan , Xie Lingjie , Lei Hao , Liu Yina , Zhao Chun , Sun Xuhui , Wen Zhen 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTo mitigate the risks posed by noncommunicable chronic diseases (NCDs) to human health, the Internet of Healthcare (IoH) requires sensors with real‐time and long‐term monitoring capabilities. However, traditional pressure sensors, due to their high‐power consumption and non‐rechargeability, are unbale to meet the increasingly stringent requirements of physiological monitoring devices in the IoH. The emergence of self‐powered pressure sensing technology, exemplified by nanogenerators, provides a new strategy for the next generation of wearable health monitoring devices. This review begins by discussing the merits and drawbacks of different pressure‐sensing modes for healthcare monitoring. Then, it introduces the development and working mechanism of self‐powered triboelectric and piezoelectric sensors. Furthermore, it summarizes the optimizations of sensor structure and material selection aimed at improving sensing performance and achieving high accuracy in sensor networks within the IoH. Relevant application based on independent, or hybrid mechanisms are also covered. Finally, the challenges and prospects for achieving large‐scale commercial applications of self‐power sensing system in IoH are discussed.
3D Radial Junctions for Robust and Flexible Optoelectronics
Authors: Zhang Shaobo , Yu Linwei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMarrying nanostructures with thin films is a recent trend in flexible optoelectronics to improve light trapping and mechanical stability. Radial junction (RJ) a‐Si:H thin film optoelectronics, directly deposited upon the vapor‐liquid‐solid (VLS) grown silicon nanowires (SiNWs), can pave the way to achieving excellent flexibility and a high power‐to‐weight ratio (PTWR). Thanks to their vertical‐standing geometry, SiNWs framework can enhance the mechanical stability of RJ units, by keeping the working region far away from the stress‐rich substrate surface. Using low‐melting‐point metals as catalysts, the SiNW array can be fabricated at a low temperature down to 350 °C in a PECVD system, making it possible to directly construct robust RJ units on flexible, low‐cost substrates, such as Al foil. In this review, the recent progress of the flexible RJ a‐Si:H thin film solar cells/photodetectors that are directly fabricated on the surface of low‐cost flexible substrates is reviewed. Moreover, these RJ flexible optoelectronics are demonstrated for use in wearable and real‐time health monitoring, and as cardiac pacemakers for heart stimulation. This RJ technology highlights a promising potential to establish high‐performance, low‐cost, mechanically stable flexible optoelectronic for wearable, portable applications.
Controlling the Manifold of Polariton States Through Molecular Disorder
Authors: George Aleesha , Geraghty Trevor , Kelsey Zahra , Mukherjee Soham , Davidova Gloria , Kim Woojae , Musser Andrew J 
Published: January 2024

AbstractExciton polaritons, arising from the interaction of electronic transitions with confined electromagnetic fields, have emerged as a powerful tool to manipulate the properties of organic materials. However, standard experimental and theoretical approaches overlook the significant energetic disorder present in most materials now studied. Using the conjugated polymer P3HT as a model platform, the degree of energetic disorder is systematically tuned and a corresponding redistribution of photonic character within the polariton manifold is observed. Based on these subtle spectral features, a more generalized approach is developed to describe strong light‐matter coupling in disordered systems that captures the key spectroscopic observables and provides a description of the rich manifold of states intermediate between bright and dark. Applied to a wide range of organic systems, the method challenges prevailing notions about ultrastrong coupling and whether it can be achieved with broad, disordered absorbers.
Nanoimprinted Quasi‐2D Perovskites toward High‐Performance Polarization‐Sensitive Photodetectors
Authors: Liu Duanzijing , Wei Qi , Zhuang Lyuchao , Liu Ming , Zeng Longhui , Ren Hui , Li Mingjie , Lau Shu Ping 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe demand for high‐performance polarization‐sensitive perovskite photodetectors (PSPPDs) has driven research to develop new materials that enable efficient light harvesting and polarization detection. Herein, a PSPPD based on nanoimprinted quasi‐2D halide perovskite thin films with vertical gradient phase distribution is reported. The nanoimprinting method is utilized to create nanoscale linear patterns on the surface of the film. It enables polarized light detection and enhances absorption. According to the results of transient absorption analysis, a vertical gradient phase distribution along the longitudinal direction of quasi‐2D perovskite (PEA)2(MA)n‐1PbnI3n+1 (PEA+ = C6H5CH2CH2NH3+, MA+ = CH3NH3+, n = 3) is confirmed, which facilitates efficient carrier transfer and separation, leading to improved device performance. These PSPPDs demonstrate outstanding photo‐response with a large responsivity of ≈90 A W−1 and a high detectivity reaching the order of 1012 Jones. The photoluminescence of the quasi‐2D perovskite film exhibits an anisotropy ratio of 2.05, and the PSPPD reaches a polarization sensitivity of 1.68. These findings offer insight into the feasibility of developing perovskite materials for PSPPDs, which have potential applications in imaging, sensing, and communication technologies.
Broadband Terahertz Metalenses Based on Printed Circuit Board Fabrication
Authors: Qi Chu , He Xiaoluo , Ren Bowen , Wong Alex M. H. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMetalenses have provided a good solution to the bulkiness of conventional refractive lenses. Due to the subwavelength feature sizes of the metalens structure, the increasing fabrication difficulties at high frequencies limit its application in the terahertz and optical regime. Moreover, the deeply subwavelength features of the metasurface unit cells usually make the cells strongly resonant, which limits the bandwidth of the metalens. In this paper the usage of aggressive discretization in a metalens design is investigated, and it is found that aggressive discretization can lead to the usage of weakly resonant and relatively large unit cells, which leads to excellent broadband performance and dramatically relaxes the feature size tolerance of the metalens. For examples, two terahertz focusing metalenses are designed which feature large numerical apertures (NA = 0.86), diffraction‐limited focusing over a broad bandwidth (240–400 GHz, or 50% bandwidth), and minimum feature sizes of 0.1 mm. These tolerance‐relaxed terahertz metalenses are successfully constructed using conventional printed‐circuit‐board fabrication technology. The experimental measurements validate the simulated performances. Compared to existing terahertz meta‐devices based on micro‐fabrication or nano‐fabrication technologies, this paper opens door to a kind of high‐quality terahertz metasurfaces featuring low‐cost, rapid, and established fabrication.
Four‐Dimensional Design Space of High‐Q Second‐Order Distributed Feedback Perovskite Lasers
Authors: Annavarapu Nirav , Goldberg Iakov , Hamdad Sarah , Elkhouly Karim , Puybaret Renaud , Sabuncuoglu Tezcan Deniz , Genoe Jan , Gehlhaar Robert , Heremans Paul 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSecond‐order distributed feedback (DFB) resonators are widely used for thin‐film lasers as they combine low lasing thresholds with ease of manufacturing. Here, the grating design parameters are varied to map the lasing characteristics of lead halide perovskite films deposited on a single substrate that contains hundreds of high‐quality silicon nitride surface gratings. The lowest lasing threshold (≈130 µJ cm−2) is identified through the aid of near‐field and far‐field imaging spectroscopy in a four‐dimensional design space composed of grating period, duty cycle, active layer thickness, and cavity length. Moreover, it is shown that antisymmetric modes support high‐quality lasing (Q up to ≈10800) in the second‐order DFBs. The multi‐dimensional experimental analysis is accompanied by a thorough theoretical study with a semi‐empirical model based on coupled wave equations, which is used to investigate the lasing characteristics beyond the manufacturing range. The results can be applied to a broad range of thin‐film DFB resonators, enabling the design of more complex laser stack configurations including light‐emitting devices for current‐injection lasing.
Antimony Doped Hybrid Zinc Halide Crystals with Tunable Light Emission and Long‐Term Stability
Authors: Zhang Yaqing , Jiang Yan , Zhang Qi , Liu Qingyi , Guo Weiping , Zhang Wei , Li Lingyun , Feng Ya‐Nan , Yu Yan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAs a class of emerging photoluminescent materials, hybrid halide crystals have drawn research attention for their potential application in the fields of light‐emitting, security, and waveguide. Nevertheless, hybrid halide crystals containing antimony with long‐term stability and tunable light emission are still increasingly in demand. In this work, serial new hybrid halide crystals (BZA)2ZnCl4·2H2O:xSb3+ (x = 0–0.2, x represents the reaction ratio) and (BZA)2SbCl5 are synthesized (BZA = 2,4‐diamino‐6‐phenyl‐1,3,5‐triazine). In (BZA)2ZnCl4·2H2O:xSb3+ crystals, Sb3+ cations replace partial Zn2+ cations to form [SbCl4]− tetrahedron. Red light emission caused by the substitution of Sb3+ for Zn2+ enhances as the doping rate increases, resulting in the tunable emission from light blue to pink and finally to dark red. There are two kinds of Sb3+ in (BZA)2SbCl5 crystal. Sb(1) has a sixfold coordination with Cl to form a [Sb(1)Cl5]∞ 1D zigzag chain. Sb(2) atom adopts a fivefold coordination with Cl and is separated from each other by BZA+ cations. (BZA)2SbCl5 crystal shows bright orange‐yellow light emission with a photoluminescence quantum yield of 45%. Moreover, the organic–inorganic hybrid metal halide crystals containing antimony have excellent long‐term stability, with phase and luminescence keeping nearly unchanged after more than six months in ambient air.
The Modulation of the Optical Properties of Low‐Dimensional Hybrid Perovskite by Using Anchoring Groups and Biaxial Strain: A First‐Principles Study
Authors: Xue Ruixing , Chen Chengbing , Long Pan , Liu Shaohua , Xiao Jianrong , Dai Xueqiong , Wang Zhiyong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this paper, using CsMA2Sn2I7 as an example, first‐principles calculations are performed to thoroughly investigate the crystal structures, electronic properties, and optical properties of 11 representative anchoring group/low‐dimensional hybrid perovskite systems. The results show that the addition of benzene, 4‐iodoaniline, aniline, and benzenethiol anchoring groups causes a blueshift phenomenon in the absorption spectra of CsMA2Sn2I7 perovskite. Furthermore, the involvement of the benzoic acid anchoring group has a minimal effect on the absorption spectra of the CsMA2Sn2I7 hybrid perovskites, which show better absorption intensity only in the ultraviolet. The addition of other anchoring groups leads to varying degrees of redshift in the absorption spectra of CsMA2Sn2I7 perovskite, which not only enhances absorption intensity but also lends to the improvement of the absorption efficiency in the visible range. In addition, the bandgap can be tuned by applying biaxial strain, which further effectively modulates the absorption intensity of the adsorption systems in different optical bands. Therefore, the selection of suitable anchoring groups has great potential for modulating the photovoltaic performance of organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites, which is helpful for the application of organic–inorganic perovskites in photovoltaics.
Modeling the Coupled Mass‐Heat Transport in Lennard–Jones‐Like Binary Mixtures by Approach‐to‐Equilibrium Molecular Dynamics
Authors: Cappai Antonio , Colombo Luciano , Melis Claudio 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA general theoretical framework to address the coupled heat‐mass transport and predict the corresponding Soret and Dufour coefficients is presented. It is shown that by starting from microscopical definitions of heat and mass currents, conservation laws dictate the form of the differential equations governing the time evolution of the temperature and mass density profiles along the sample. The present theoretical device is finally validated using as benchmark system a two‐component Lennard–Jones (LJ) liquid system, for which generalized diffusivities are estimated in different reduced temperature and density regions of phase diagram.