bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of a 3D printed bolus for radiotherapy: a proof-of-concept study
Authors: Ciobanu A C , Petcu L C , Járai-Szabó F , Bálint Z 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
3D-printed boluses in radiation therapy are of increasing interest for enhancing treatment precision and patient comfort. A comprehensive clinical validation of these boluses remains to be established. This study aims to confirm the effectiveness of a 3D-printed bolus through a proof-of-concept comparative validation, by implementing in a clinical setting a bolus made of PLA and designed to ensure uniform dose coverage for a case in the eye region. In this study the 3D-printed bolus was compared to two commercially available boluses (one thermoplastic and one skin type) by using a refecence where no bolus was present (with the optimal dose distribution scenario). All boluses were placed on an anthropomorphic head phantom and BeOSL detectors were used to measure dose values to determine the level of their effectiveness on delivery. During the scanning process, a thermoplastic mask was used to prevent bolus movement and to accurately reproduce clinical scenarios. Differences in dose values at Dmax and D50% revealed the performance of each bolus. The treatment planning system (TPS) and BeOSL readings for the 3D printed bolus were within 2% (the clinical tolerance), with 0.66% dose difference for the customized 3D-printed bolus. Although the thermoplastic bolus had the closest value to the detector reading, with a score of 0.30%, this result was influenced by improper shaping of the bolus on the phantom and the presence of a wide air gap, which caused lack of eye covering. Whereas, the skin bolus, due to higher volume of air between phantom surface and bolus, showed a 1.29% dose difference between the TPS values and the OSL detector readings. We provide a comparative validation for the use of 3D printed boluses and highlight that proper bolus fitting is essential in clinical settings to avoid air gaps and to maintain dose distribution over multiple treatment sessions.
Cultivating Fields of Progress
Authors: Ribi Forclaz Amalia 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Cultivating Fields of Progress explores how the improvement of working and living conditions in agriculture became an international issue in the broader context of the interwar and immediate post Second World War years. It focuses on the international debates, knowledge production, and policy-making that took place within the International Labour Organization and related organizations, as well as among expert networks, agrarian interest groups, trade unionists, and farmer representatives. It traces the shifting thematic considerations, and temporal and geographical scope of these debates, from the plight of landless farmworkers in Europe in the early 1920s to the conditions of plantation workers in the 1950s. By using the archives of international organizations, the book tells a broader story about how and to what ends questions of rural poverty and problematic labour conditions both in Europe and overseas made their way to the world stage against a backdrop of a discourse of social progress and economic development. If today we tend to associate calls for advancing social justice and decent work with rural economies in the ‘Global South’, the book shows that not so long ago, Europe and its rural populations were a major site of social reform and development.
Introduction
Authors: Ribi Forclaz Amalia 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The introduction of the book makes a case for bringing together the history of agriculture with the history of international organizations and the history of labour and development. It argues that the historical role of agriculture has been underrepresented in accounts of international relations, labour history and the development of global institutions. The introduction posits that the archives of international institutions such as those of the International Labour Organization offer an underused and fertile ground to trace the evolution of international debates on agricultural modernization and the tension between social reform and economic progress that characterized the interwar years and the first decade of post Second World War development thinking.
Putting Agriculture on the Agenda
Authors: Ribi Forclaz Amalia 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Chapter 1 tells the story of how, following the devastation caused by the First World War, the European countryside became a focal point of attention for trade unionists and social reformers. The war had mobilized millions of men and women and caused material damage to the countryside, decimating the rural workforce, destroying villages and fields, and bringing psychological trauma to farming families. In the wake of the conflict, agricultural trade unionists rallied for international congresses and called for providing farmworkers with the same social rights as industrial workers. They demanded that emerging international institutions address the social plights of agricultural populations. Their lobbying drew attention to the conditions of workers in the agricultural sector, which suffered from a lack of social legislation and employed some of the poorest people in Europe.
‘Nature Yields to No Law’
Authors: Ribi Forclaz Amalia 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Chapter 2 focuses on the ILO’s first conference on agriculture, which took place in 1921 in Geneva. The chapter traces the search for a common international language and understanding of the most pressing issues as well as a normative framework that would secure social rights, insurances, and standardized working days in a sector that was reputedly heterogenous, disorganized, and which employed some of the poorest people in Europe. Through the discussion of topics such as hours of work, rural housing, and the work of women and children, experts, international officials, and government representatives were meant to close the gap between urban and rural workers. The chapter argues that the ILO struggled with formulating standards and was criticized for its vague formulations.
Cultivating Knowledge
Authors: Ribi Forclaz Amalia 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Chapter 3 explores the production of knowledge on agriculture at the ILO. It argues that from the mid-1920s onwards, parts of the ILO functioned as a rural observatory that conducted research in a bid to help experts formulate standards that would close the gap between urban and rural workers. The chapter focuses on the collaborative work that the ILO carried out with the older International Institute of Agriculture through a joint expert commission, the Mixed Advisory Agricultural Committee. It discusses the geographical scope of these expert discussions which covered topics from vocational education to labour management and land reform. As the chapter shows, the work of the Committee was exclusively centred on Europe and there was a deep-seated reluctance to include agricultural labour in the colonies into these studies.
Navigating the Crisis and Its Repercussions
Authors: Ribi Forclaz Amalia 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Chapter 4 examines how the Great Depression functioned as a turning point in the ILO’s work. In the early 1930s international debates about agriculture became engulfed in a rhetoric of depression and crisis bringing renewed attention to agricultural and rural economies. The contentious question of limiting working hours on farms, which had been dropped in the early 1920s, came back to the fore, combining discussions on normative regulation with those about discipline, rationality, and scientific management. An enquiry on hours of work in agriculture exposed the limits of the ILO’s (often overly ambitious) scientific work, as well as the inadequacy of its Eurocentric bias.
War, Disruption, and Transformation
Authors: Ribi Forclaz Amalia 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Chapter 6 explores how the Second World War impacted the ILO’s work on agriculture. The war not only displaced the organization’s international secretariat but also acted as a catalyst for the emergence of new approaches to agricultural modernization, reconstruction, and development outside the organization. The creation of the United Nations and the Food and Agriculture Organization, along with the dissolution of the International Institute of Agriculture, posed new challenges to the ILO. Decolonization and emerging Cold-War-related preoccupations with food security, gave new meaning to agriculture in international diplomacy and also shifted the discourse to combating hunger and securing rural welfare on a global scale. Faced with the new world order, the ILO expanded its post-war policy to addressing labour problems in the colonies. It also sought to reassert its position as a standard-setting agency and as a defender of social rights for people in agriculture.
Determining Personality Disorder Severity
Authors: Huprich Steven K , Sheriff Alizia 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The International statistical classification of diseases —11th edition (ICD-11; World Health Organization, 2024) nomenclature for personality disorders focuses on impairment of the self and interpersonal functioning along with emotional, cognitive, and behavioral manifestations. While the clinician may also specify the prominent trait domains that are present in the patient (i.e., Negative Affectivity, Detachment, Dissociality, Disinhibition, and Anankastia, as well as assessing whether the patient is also characterized by a Borderline pattern), it is critical that clinicians recognize patients’ maladaptive ways in which self and other representations, as well as cognitive-emotional-behavioral manifestations of personality, lead to impairment. These impairments range across levels and comprise what is known as personality disorder severity. This chapter offers a detailed description of how self and interpersonal dysfunction, as well as emotional, cognitive, and behavioral manifestations of impairment, may present in patients who function at various levels of severity. We offer examples of how the trait domains may manifest themselves at the various severity levels and provide two brief vignettes demonstrating mild and moderate personality disorder.
“Primitives of a new sensibility”
Authors: Merjian Ara H 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter examines the notion of the Futurist movement as comprising “primitives of a new sensibility.” By turns playful and confrontational, the manifesto of “Futurism” announced the imminent demolition of Italy’s cultural patrimony. As a poet, playwright, novelist, editor, and polemicist, Filippo Tommaso Marinetti embodied the interdisciplinarity fundamental to Futurism, which in just a few years swelled to include dancers and musicians, architects and photographers, set designers and cinematographers. Futurist painting, poetry, and sculpture came to evoke dynamism not merely by way of subject matter, but formal and verbal agitation. The chapter also considers Marinetti’s manifestos, which first emerged in the late nineteenth century as instruments of political or aesthetic declaration. In its early phases, Futurist painting and sculpture likewise remained indebted to late nineteenth-century tendencies, particularly Divisionism and post-impressionism.
Early Futurist theory and practice
Authors: Merjian Ara H 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter elaborates on the early Futurist theory and practice. It looks into the Bernheim-Jeune Gallery that, by 1912, offered the most prominent possible forum for presenting Futurist achievements. Moreover, accompanying their February 1912 exhibition of thirty-five works, the manifesto “The Exhibitors to the Public”, with the painter Giacomo Balla now among its signatories, differentiated Futurist aims from those of their competitors. The chapter also considers Futurist architecture. It discusses the young critic Roberto Longhi’s comparison of Futurist imagery to Cubist counterparts, and his proposition that the way in which the Futurists’ evocations of relentless motion dynamized the staid matter-of-factness of geometry.
From Words-in-Freedom to war
Authors: Merjian Ara H 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter discusses the Futurist agitation for intervention into World War I. It explains that the relatively tranquil gentility of the pre-war Belle Epoque belied a decadence as political as it was aesthetic for a generation of restless Italian artists. For the Futurists and others, the “Adriatic question” crystalized the larger failings of Italian statecraft. The chapter also mentions how interventionism even briefly united Papini and Soffici’s Futurist cadre with the Milanese group around Filippo Tommaso Marinetti. It points out that the widespread reprisal of ancient iconography increasingly marginalized the relevance of Futurist agitation to Fascism’s self-image. Marinetti managed to reconcile virulent nationalism with renewed international activity in an ever expanding range of media.
Futurism and gender
Authors: Merjian Ara H 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter details the interplay between Futurism and gender. It notes that, according to Filippo Tommaso Marinetti, Futurist misogyny bore not upon the lives of particular individuals, but rather upon the tired symbolism into which femininity was pressed in the abstract. Paradoxically, the Futurist injunction against the feminine in the realm of sentimentalized metaphor was matched in the social sphere by a promotion of expanded rights. The chapter observes that, from the start, Futurism’s hypermasculine ethos engendered a homosocial fraternity of creators. It then provides an overview of how Fascist gender politics travestied early Futurist tropes as much as it reinforced them.
François Berthod’s Airs de dévotion for Honnêtes Femmes, Novitiates, and Nuns
Authors: Gordon Catherine E 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Chapter 4 focuses on François Berthod’s Airs de dévotion, which are contrafacta of mid-century airs sérieux. Each of three volumes represents three levels of devotion (low, intermediate, and high) and different functions: (1) female courtiers for their hours of recreation (1656); (2) young novitiates as part of their religious education, topics for meditation, and as vocal exercises (1658); and (3) nuns as topics for contemplation (1662). Although Berthod wrote all lyrics in keeping with the popular galant style, Book 1, in particular, represents a Christian version of honnêteté and galanterie, thus a morality of virtue and honorability mixed with a type of sociability involving good taste and wit. The chapter analyzes and compares the airs from all three volumes and addresses the controversy surrounding contrafacta: the belief that while singing the sacred contrafacta women would be thinking about its lascivious secular counterpart, the problems with the alignment of syllable lengths with rhythmic values, and conformity between musical and textual expression of the original tune and new lyrics.
Bertrand de Bacilly’s Airs spirituels and Seventeenth-Century Rigorism
Authors: Gordon Catherine E 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Chapter 5 is an analysis of Bertrand de Bacilly’s Les Airs spirituels, which are not contrafacta but newly written melodies, many set to lyrics by Jacques Testu and Bacilly. Both Testu and Bacilly were connected to Jansenists and a group of noblewomen known as rigorist penitents who aligned themselves with Jansenist theology. Jansenist concepts, phrases, and words appear throughout Bacilly’s lyrics. Addressed are (1) Bacilly’s connection to Testu and the rigorist pentitents; (2) the ways that Bacilly’s vocal preludes and airs provide an alternative to secular songs that express a “false rhetoric” that contaminates reason and obscures truth; and (3) the appropriate appeal to the senses through expressions of sacred maxims. An analysis reveals that despite the harsh lyrics, the airs were written to appeal to female courtiers and young girls by enveloping the rigorist meaning of the lyrics in an appealing and familiar literary and musical style.
Sacred Songs, Pleasure, and the Triumph of Popular Taste
Authors: Gordon Catherine E 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Chapter 7 presents an analysis of four collections of sacred songs published between 1699 and 1705. Despite Louis XIV’s religious conversion after 1680 and a turn toward austere piety at court, the more pleasant and positive side of religious devotion dominated most sacred songs at the end of the century. Collections also included several songs for two or more singers that, for the first time, required male voices. The majority of sacred lyrics were not written by members of the clergy, but rather by some of the most well-known poets and authors of the day. Instead of women singing sacred songs for private devotion, the function of many songs was for group recreation and a religious experience shared by men and women. By the turn of the century, all sides of the religious controversy that had previously plagued the church in France were represented throughout the repertory. No matter the message, however, it was communicated in an agreeable and familiar literary and musical style. In addition to an analysis of the repertory, the chapter also includes a section on performance practice issues.
Conclusions
Authors: Balaskas Vasileios 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The revival of classical theatre from the late nineteenth century to the 1970s was deeply intertwined with the socio-political landscape of European modernity. Institutional power and political ideologies shaped the staging of classical drama, transforming ancient venues into symbols of collective identities. Authoritarian regimes in Greece and Spain used classical theatre to promote national narratives and political agendas, ultimately turning these ancient venues into modern, politicized spaces. The influence of international models, particularly from Italy, Germany, and France, played a significant role in developing theatrical traditions throughout the twentieth century. While the revival was related to national trends, it was also shaped by regional dynamics and local constraints, exemplifying a complex interplay between culture, politics, and performance.
What is Women’s Writing?
Authors: Dodds Lara , Dowd Michelle M 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of theoretical and critical debates about the categories of “woman writer” and “women’s writing.” It makes a strategic argument for the value of early modern women’s writing as a category of analysis that can reinvigorate debates about authorship and about the relationship between gender and writing for writers of all genders. Women’s writing remains a useful category of analysis because, historically, certain writers have been taken as women writers. The value of this approach is demonstrated through a case study of the shifting reception of the works and reputation of Lucy Hutchinson over four centuries. This chapter argues that an understanding of women’s writing as a category based on identity should be replaced with a recognition of women’s writing and women writers as the outcome of historically specific social and literary relationships.
Are We Postcanonical Yet?
Authors: Dodds Lara , Dowd Michelle M 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter provides historical contextualization for the problems surrounding early modern women’s writing and canonicity. It explains how and why canonicity has remained important as a conceptual strategy for understanding women’s writing, and it also suggests some alternative paths moving forward. The chapter begins with a discussion of how the logic of recovery has shaped early modern women writers’ relationship to the literary canon. The chapter then explores an apparent paradox: The large number of anthologies and editions of early modern women’s writing that have been published in recent decades have expanded access to these texts but have not substantially altered the canon in practice. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the myth of “post canonicity” and a list of practical strategies for reimagining and transforming the canon.
Is it Any Good?
Authors: Dodds Lara , Dowd Michelle M 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter identifies a commonly posed question about early modern women’s writing—“is it any good?”—as a sexist provocation. The first half of the chapter documents the persistence of detraction in women writers’ reception histories and demonstrates that such detraction functions not as useful judgment on the literary qualities of women’s works, but instead as literary gatekeeping that authorizes scholarship on women’s writing by delegitimizing their writing in aesthetic terms. In the second half of the chapter, brief case studies of poetry by Mary Wroth and Margaret Cavendish and the genre of the recipe are used to demonstrate that women’s writing displays a range of literary excellence that far exceeds the narrow aesthetic criteria of a literary tradition that was built upon the exclusion of women’s texts.
Early Modern Women in the Classroom
Authors: Dodds Lara , Dowd Michelle M 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter focuses on pedagogy and argues that the classroom is an important space for the development of early modern women’s writing as a central part of English literary history. Offering a partial yet instructive narrative of the recent pedagogical history of early modern women’s writing, this chapter accounts for both continuities and change in the teaching of these texts in undergraduate classrooms from approximately 1980 to the present. The chapter is organized into three main sections: (1) a selective history of early modern women’s writing in the classroom and some of the challenges teachers have faced; (2) a methodological discussion that posits the classroom as a place where knowledge about early modern women’s writing can be produced, not just disseminated; and (3) a broadly oriented discussion of recent classroom practices, drawing on the experiences of current and former teachers of early modern women’s writing as guides for moving forward.
Social Identity and Working Class Support for the Populist Radical Right
Authors: Castater Eric G , Han Kyung Joon 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Why are blue-collar workers increasingly supporting the populist radical right? Previous explanations for this phenomenon suggest that it is the result of economic and cultural grievances and general discontent towards the political system. This volume argues that these explanations are unable to account for why the working class—despite their deteriorating economic position in recent decades—would prefer to vote for a party family that they agree with more on cultural issues (the populist radical right) than economic issues (the populist radical or mainstream left). To explain this puzzle, the authors develop a theory utilizing the literature on social identity. They argue and empirically find that political and economic conditions relatively unfavourable to the working class increase blue-collar support for the populist radical right by strengthening these workers’ national identity and thus also the salience they place on cultural issues. Their analysis suggests that if governing parties desire to reduce support for the populist radical right, they should incorporate labour organizations into the welfare state reform process, enact economic policies that improve the well-being of a broad swath of the working class, and reduce the types of economic inequality that most affect blue-collar workers.