bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ailanthone synergizes with PARP1 inhibitor in tumour growth inhibition through crosstalk of DNA repair pathways in gastric cancer
Authors: Wang Chunming , Yi Tingzhuang , Li Xiangde , Cui Jiarui , Li Biqi , Qin Yankai , Tang Shixiong , Zhang Jianfeng 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn our previous research, we proved that ailanthone (AIL) inhibits the growth of gastric cancer (GC) cells and causes apoptosis by inhibiting P23. However, we still find some GC organoids are insensitive to AIL. We have done some sequencing analysis and found that the insensitive strains are highly expressed in PARP1. In this study, we investigated whether AIL can enhance the anti‐tumour effect of PARPi in GC. CCK8 and spheroid colony formation assay were used to measure anti‐tumour effects. SynergyFinder software was used to calculate the synergy score of the drug combination and flow cytometry was used to detect apoptosis. Western blot, IHC, IF tests were used to measure protein expression. Finally, nude mouse xenograft models were used to verify the in vitro mechanisms. High expression of PARP1 was found to be the cause of drug insensitivity. When AIL is paired with a PARP1 inhibitor, olaparib (OLP), drug sensitivity improves. We discovered that this combination functions by blocking off HSP90‐BRCA1 interaction and inhibiting the activity of PARP1, thus in turn inhibiting the homologous recombination deficiency and base excision repair pathway to finally achieve synthetic lethality through increased sensitivity. Moreover, P23 can regulate BRCA1 in GC in vitro. This study proves that the inhibitory effect of AIL on BRCA1 allowed even cancer cells with normal BRCA1 function to be sensitive to PARP inhibitors when it is simultaneously administered with OLP. The results greatly expanded the scope of the application of PARPi.
Characterization of materials used for 3D printing dental crowns and hybrid prostheses
Authors: Bora Pranit V , Sayed Ahmed Akram , Alford Aaron , Pitttman Kirsten , Thomas Vinoy , Lawson Nathaniel C. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo compare the filler weight percentage (wt%), filler and resin composition, flexural strength, modulus, and hardness of several 3D‐printed resins to direct and indirect restorative materials.Materials and MethodsFour 3D‐printed resins (C&B MFH, Ceramic Crown, OnX, and OnX Tough), one milled resin composite (Lava Ultimate), one conventional composite (Filtek Supreme), and one ceramic (IPS e.max CAD) were evaluated. Filler wt% was determined by the burned ash technique, and filler particle morphology and composition were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and energy‐dispersive spectroscopy, respectively. Organic resin composition was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Three‐point bend flexural strength and modulus of the materials were determined by ISO 4049 or ISO 6872. Vickers microhardness was measured. Data were compared with a one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey post hoc analysis. Linear regression analysis was performed for filler wt% versus flexural strength, modulus, and hardness.Results3D‐printed resins were composed of various sized and shaped silica fillers and various types of methacrylate resins. Significant differences were found among filler wt% with some materials around 3% (C&B MFH), others between 33% and 38% (OnX Tough and OnX), others around 50% (Ceramic Crown), and some around 72% (Filtek Supreme and Lava Ultimate). All 3D‐printed resins had significantly lower flexural strength, modulus, and hardness than the conventional and milled resin composites and ceramic material (p < 0.001). Filler wt% demonstrated a linear relationship with modulus (p = 0.013, R2 = 0.821) and hardness (p = 0.018, R2 = 0.787) but not flexural strength (p = 0.056, R2 = 0.551).Conclusions3D‐printed resins contain from 3% to 50% filler content. Filler wt% alone does not affect flexural strength, but strength may be affected by resin composition as well. Although the 3D‐printed resins had lower flexural strength, modulus, and hardness than milled and conventional composite and ceramic, they demonstrated nonbrittle plastic behavior.Clinical SignificanceThe properties of 3D‐printed resins vary based on their composition, which affects their clinical applications.
Evaluation of starvation status in the early developmental stages of black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii) based on morphological and histological characteristics
Authors: Guo Haoyu , Ou Yingying , Wang Zhan , Roques Jonathan A. C. , Qi Yulu , Zhang Zonghang , Zhang Xiumei 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAssessing the nutritional status and identifying major causes of mortality in larvae experiencing varying degrees of starvation are crucial for establishing appropriate feeding protocols and enhancing the welfare of hatchery‐reared fish. The black rockfish Sebastes schlegelii is an important species in aquaculture and stock enhancement efforts in China, Japan, and Korea. This study aimed to identify optimal diagnostic morphometric indicators of starvation in newly hatched (0–6 days post‐hatch, DPH) and postlarval stages (27–37 DPH) of this valuable fish species through histological analyses. Our findings revealed that certain morphometric parameters, including body length, the ratios of eye diameter to head height, body height to body length, and abdomen height to body height, exhibit sensitivity to starvation during both larval and postlarval stages. Particularly, the ratios of body height to body length and abdomen height to body height emerged as the most sensitive morphometric indicators of starvation. Histological examinations of the digestive system revealed rapid alterations in the morphology of hepatic parenchymal cells, accompanied by a significant decrease in the number of lipid cells in the liver during episodes of food deprivation. Starvation induced cellular degeneration in the digestive organs, manifested by reduced heights of epithelial cells and mucosal layers in the intestine, oesophagus, and stomach, along with degeneration and separation of muscle fibers. Among these variables, the height of the intestinal submucosa and muscle layer emerged as the most sensitive indicators reflecting nutritional conditions in newly hatched larvae. In contrast, the height of intestinal striated borders and mucosal folds proved to be the most sensitive indicators in the postlarval stage. Furthermore, the height of intestinal epithelial cells and the number of lipid vacuoles in enterocytes exhibited high sensitivity to food deprivation in both newly hatched larvae and postlarvae. These findings underscore the varying resilience of fish to starvation during different developmental phases and highlight the utility of morphological sensitivity characteristics as reliable diagnostic indices for assessing nutritional status in relation to starvation or suboptimal feeding during the early developmental stages of black rockfish in hatchery‐reared processes.
Infection status of masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou by the parasite Salmonema cf. ephemeridarum (Nematoda, Cystidicolidae)
Authors: Ogura Yuhei , Hasegawa Koh 
Published: November 2023

AbstractNematodes that parasitize salmonids are found in both seawater and freshwater. Unlike seawater species such as those in family Anisakidae, freshwater species have not been well studied. In particular, the influences of these nematodes on the body condition of salmonids remain unclear. We studied the effects of Salmonema cf. ephemeridarum on the body condition of masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou. We found a positive relationship between the number of parasites and fish fork length. In contrast, we found a negative relationship between the body condition (condition factor) of fish and the number of parasites. These results suggest that nematode infection could affect host energy reserves for future growth.
Ability of gingival crevicular fluid volume, E‐cadherin, and total antioxidant capacity levels for predicting outcomes of nonsurgical periodontal therapy for periodontitis patients
Authors: Hussein Hind R. , Abdulkareem Ali A. , Milward Mike R. , Cooper Paul R. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the potential of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) volume, E‐cadherin and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels to predict the outcomes of nonsurgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) for periodontitis patients.BackgroundNSPT is the gold‐standard treatment for periodontal pockets < 6 mm in depth, however, successful outcomes are not always guaranteed due to several factors. Periodontitis‐associated tissue destruction is evidenced by the increased level of soluble E‐cadherin and reduced antioxidants in oral fluids which could be used as predictors for success/failure of NSPT.Materials and MethodsPatients with periodontitis (n = 24) were included in this clinical trial and full‐mouth periodontal charting was recorded for each patient. GCF samples from periodontal pockets with probing pocket depth (PPD) 4–6 mm from the interproximal surfaces of anterior and premolar teeth were obtained. These sites subsequently received NSPT and were clinically re‐evaluated after 1 and 3 months. Levels of GCF E‐cadherin and TAC levels were assayed using ELISA.ResultsAll clinical periodontal parameters were significantly improved 3 months after completion of NSPT. These outcomes were associated with a significant decrease in E‐cadherin levels and GCF volume, while TAC levels were significantly increased in samples obtained in follow‐up appointments. Binary regression model analysis showed that PPD, GCF volume, E‐cadherin, and TAC levels could significantly (p < .05) predict the outcomes of NSPT. The cut‐off points for PPD, GCF volume, E‐cadherin and TAC were 5 mm, 4 × 10−3, 1267.97 pg/mL and 0.09 μmol/g, respectively.ConclusionNSPT improved clinical parameters along with increased antioxidants capacity and epithelial pocket lining integrity. Discrimination of favorable/unfavorable responsiveness of periodontally diseased sites to NSPT could be possible by using GCF volume, PPD, E‐cadherin and TAC level assessments.
Are parent‐reported sleep logs essential? A comparison of three approaches to guide open source accelerometry‐based nocturnal sleep processing in children
Authors: Burkart Sarah , Beets Michael W. , Pfledderer Christopher D. , von Klinggraeff Lauren , Zhu Xuanxuan , St. Laurent Christine W. , van Hees Vincent T. , Armstrong Bridget , Weaver R. Glenn , Adams Elizabeth L. 
Published: November 2023

SummaryWe examined the comparability of children's nocturnal sleep estimates using accelerometry data, processed with and without a sleep log. In a secondary analysis, we evaluated factors associated with disagreement between processing approaches. Children (n = 722, age 5–12 years) wore a wrist‐based accelerometer for 14 days during Autumn 2020, Spring 2021, and/or Summer 2021. Outcomes included sleep period, duration, wake after sleep onset (WASO), and timing (onset, midpoint, waketime). Parents completed surveys including children's nightly bed/wake time. Data were processed with parent‐reported bed/wake time (sleep log), the Heuristic algorithm looking at Distribution of Change in Z‐Angle (HDCZA) algorithm (no log), and an 8 p.m.–8 a.m. window (generic log) using the R‐package ‘GGIR’ (version 2.6‐4). Mean/absolute bias and limits of agreement were calculated and visualised with Bland–Altman plots. Associations between child, home, and survey characteristics and disagreement were examined with tobit regression. Just over half of nights demonstrated no difference in sleep period between sleep log and no log approaches. Among all nights, the sleep log approach produced longer sleep periods (9.3 min; absolute mean bias [AMB] = 28.0 min), shorter duration (1.4 min; AMB = 14.0 min), greater WASO (11.0 min; AMB = 15.4 min), and earlier onset (13.4 min; AMB = 17.4 min), midpoint (8.8 min; AMB = 15.3 min), and waketime (3.9 min; AMB = 14.8 min) than no log. Factors associated with discrepancies included smartphone ownership, bedroom screens, nontraditional parent work schedule, and completion on weekend/summer nights (range = 0.4–10.2 min). The generic log resulted in greater AMB among sleep outcomes. Small mean differences were observed between nights with and without a sleep log. Discrepancies existed on weekends, in summer, and for children with smartphones and screens in the bedroom.
Putative prefoldin complex subunit 5 of Plasmodium berghei is crucial for microtubule formation and parasite development in the mosquito
Authors: Beyeler Raphael , Jordan Melanie , Dorner Lilian , He Buyuan , Cyrklaff Marek , Roques Magali , Stanway Rebecca , Frischknecht Friedrich , Heussler Volker 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPlasmodium sporozoite development in and egress from oocysts in the Anopheles mosquito remains largely enigmatic. In a previously performed high‐throughput knockout screen, the putative subunit 5 of the prefoldin complex (PbPCS5, PBANKA_0920100) was identified as essential for parasite development during mosquito and liver stage development. Here we generated and analyzed a PbPCS5 knockout parasite line during its development in the mosquito. Interestingly, PbPCS5 deletion does not significantly affect oocyst formation but leads to a growth defect resulting in aberrantly shaped sporozoites. Sporozoites produced in the absence of PbPCS5 were thinner, markedly elongated, and did, in most cases, not contain a nucleus. Sporozoites contained fewer subpellicular microtubules, which reached deep into the sporoblast during sporogony where they contacted and indented nuclei. These aberrantly shaped sporozoites did not reach the salivary glands, and we, therefore, conclude that PbPCS5 is essential for sporogony and the life cycle progression of the parasite during its mosquito stage.
Clinical profile of re‐hospitalizations in pediatric kidney and liver transplant recipients
Authors: Shohet Adi , Ziv Noa , Gavish Rachel , Haskin Orly , Alfandary Hadas , Waisbourd‐Zinman Orith , Mozer‐Glassberg Yael , Krause Irit 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundSolid organ transplantation has evolved in recent decades, resulting in a rise in patient and graft survival. Frequent hospitalizations affect graft function, patients' health, and quality of life. This study characterizes the frequency and causes of post‐transplant hospitalizations among pediatric recipients.MethodsThis is a retrospective observational study evaluating pediatric kidney transplant recipients (KTR) and liver transplant recipients (LTR) aged 0–21 years, followed at a tertiary pediatric center in Israel from 2012 to 2017. Data were collected starting at 60 days post‐transplantation. Diagnoses of admissions were based on clinical, laboratory, and radiographic findings.ResultsForty‐nine KTR experienced 199 all‐cause re‐hospitalizations (median number of re‐hospitalizations per patient – 3 (IQR [interquartile range] 1–5.5), while 351 re‐hospitalizations were recorded in 56 LTR (median – 5 [IQR 2–8.8]). Median follow‐up time was 2.2 years for KTR (IQR 1–3.9) and 3 years for LTR (IQR 2.1–4.1). The most common cause for hospitalization for both cohorts was infection (50.8% and 62%, respectively). Gram‐negative bacteria were the most common pathogens identified in KTR, while viral pathogens were more common in LTR (51% and 57% of pathogen‐identified cases, respectively).ConclusionsThis is the largest study to describe rehospitalizations for pediatric solid organ recipients. The hospital admission rate was higher in LTR in comparison to KTR. Infections were the most common cause of hospitalization throughout the whole study period in both populations. Frequent hospitalizations impose a heavy burden on patients and their families; better understanding of hospitalization causes may help to minimize their frequency.
Chemoselective light‐induced reactivity of β‐enaminones
Authors: Valloli Lakshmy Kannadi , Manal Kavyasree , Lewis Brieanna , Jockusch Steffen , Sivaguru Jayaraman 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe irradiation of β‐enaminones, generated in situ from cyclic 1,3‐diketones and activated alkenes leads to polyheterocyclic skeletons. The photoproduct chemoselectivity depends on the type of cyclic 1,3‐diketones employed viz., 2‐acetylcyclopentanone and 2‐acetylcyclohexanone. The observed chemoselectivity was rationalized based on the Dieckmann‐Kon rule.
Association between cumulative maternal exposures related to inflammation and child attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A cohort study
Authors: Nielsen Timothy C. , Nassar Natasha , Shand Antonia W. , Jones Hannah F. , Han Velda X. , Patel Shrujna , Guastella Adam J. , Dale Russell C. , Lain Samantha J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundPreclinical studies suggest synergistic effects of maternal inflammatory exposures on offspring neurodevelopment, but human studies have been limited.ObjectivesTo examine the cumulative association and potential interactions between seven maternal exposures related to inflammation and child attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).MethodsWe conducted a population‐based cohort study of children born from July 2001 to December 2011 in New South Wales, Australia, and followed up until December 2014. Seven maternal exposures were identified from birth data and hospital admissions during pregnancy: autoimmune disease, asthma, hospitalization for infection, mood or anxiety disorder, smoking, hypertension, and diabetes. Child ADHD was identified from stimulant prescription records. Multivariable Cox regression assessed the association between individual and cumulative exposures and ADHD and potential interaction between exposures, controlling for potential confounders.ResultsThe cohort included 908,770 children, one‐third (281,724) with one or more maternal exposures. ADHD was identified in 16,297 children (incidence 3.5 per 1000 person‐years) with median age of 7 (interquartile range 2) years at first treatment. Each exposure was independently associated with ADHD, and risk increased with additional exposures: one exposure (hazard ratio (HR) 1.59, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.54, 1.65), two exposures (HR 2.25, 95% CI 2.13, 2.37), and three or more exposures (HR 3.28, 95% CI 2.95, 3.64). Positive interaction was found between smoking and infection. The largest effect size was found for cumulative exposure of asthma, infection, mood or anxiety disorder, and smoking (HR 6.12, 95% CI 3.47, 10.70).ConclusionsThis study identifies cumulative effects of multiple maternal exposures related to inflammation on ADHD, most potentially preventable or modifiable. Future studies should incorporate biomarkers of maternal inflammation and consider gene–environment interactions.
Omega‐3 long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in Atlantic salmon: Functions, requirements, sources, de novo biosynthesis and selective breeding strategies
Authors: Zhang Zeyu , Miar Younes , Huyben David , Colombo Stefanie M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe aquaculture industry is a substantial user of wild‐sourced fish oil to supply omega‐3 (n‐3) long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC‐PUFAs) in fish diets, which are required by many economically important farmed fish species, particularly Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). Fish oil is commonly replaced with plant‐based oils as more environmentally and economically sustainable substitutes due to concerns regarding over‐fishing of wild stocks and increasing demand. One potential strategy to meet the physiological requirement for n‐3 LC‐PUFA is to improve n‐3 LC‐PUFA biosynthesis in salmon through selective breeding and strain enhancement. The objective of this review is to discuss strategies to supply sufficient levels of n‐3 LC‐PUFA to Atlantic salmon through the diet and de novo biosynthesis through selective breeding and salmon strain enhancement. This review provides an overview on the functions of n‐3 LC‐PUFA in Atlantic salmon, dietary requirements, source and supply of n‐3 LC‐PUFA in aquaculture feeds, and biosynthesis of n‐3 LC‐PUFA in fish. Several relevant studies have revealed the genetic influences on n‐3 LC‐PUFA biosynthesis and storage in Atlantic salmon. The results of the present review show that selective breeding of high n‐3 PUFA‐producing Atlantic salmon could be an effective strategy to improve the amount of EPA and DHA stored in tissues and reduce reliance on dietary sources of n‐3 LC‐PUFA such as fish oil.
Investigating rates and predictors of viral blips, low‐level viraemia and virological failure in the Australian HIV observational database
Authors: Han Win Min , Broom Jennifer , Bopage Rohan , Templeton David J. , Edmiston Natalie , Petoumenos Kathy ,   the Australian HIV Observational Database
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectivesAustralia has made significant progress towards achieving the UNAIDS's 95‐95‐95 cascade targets including HIV viral suppression. To investigate the burden of HIV viraemia, we assessed viral blips, low‐level viraemia (LLV) and virologic failure (VF) in an Australian cohort.MethodsWe studied the proportion of people with viral suppression, viral blips, LLV and VF in the Australian HIV observational database (AHOD) between 2010 and 2021. The association between blips or LLV, and VF was investigated using Cox regression, and predictors of viral blips and LLV were assessed using repeated‐measured logistic regression.ResultsAmong 2544 AHOD participants who were in follow‐up and on antiretroviral therapy (ART) from 1 January 2010 (88.7% male), 444 had experienced VF (incidence rate: 2.45 [95% CI: 2.23–2.69] per 100 person‐years [PY]) during 18,125 PY of follow‐up (a median of 7.6 years). The proportion of people with VF decreased over time, whereas rates of blips and LLV remained stable. Participants with blips (hazard ratio, 2.89; 95% CI: 2.31–3.61) and LLV (4.46; 95% CI: 3.38–5.89) were at increased risk of VF. Hepatitis B co‐infection, longer documented treatment interruption duration, younger age and lower CD4 at ART initiation, and protease inhibitors‐based initial regimen were associated with an increased risk of VF. Common predictors of blips and LLV such as higher HIV‐1 RNA and lower CD4 at ART initiation, longer treatment interruption, more VL testing and types of care settings (hospitals vs. sexual health services) were identified.ConclusionsBlips and LLV predict subsequent VF development. We identified important predictors of HIV viraemia including VF among individuals on INSTI‐based regimens to help direct HIV management plans.