bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgeons versus radiologists: do we care what they think?
Authors: Thomas Jeff , Jerome Ashly , Marr Georgia , De Boo Diederick Willem , Gani Jon 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundsAcute surgical care nowadays usually involves access to urgent imaging. There is a paucity of data on how often the images or radiologist reports of these images are used by the surgical team. We aimed to identify the rates and timeliness of radiology images and report viewing for acute surgical admissions in an Australian tertiary university teaching hospital.MethodsWe utilized a data set comprising radiological studies completed at our institute during a one‐month period. Investigations were classified by modality and whether images or reports were available ‘in‐hours’ or ‘after‐hours’. The time taken from imaging to reports available for viewing by the surgical team was calculated using timestamps derived from electronic hospital systems. Spearman's rho test was used to assess correlation between the Study Ascribable Time and time to view an image or report.ResultsOf 40 042 investigations, 1156 (3%) satisfied study criteria. Both images and reports were viewed in 82% (n = 950/1156) of cases. CT scans had the shortest median time for image (14 min, IQR 4–47 min) and report (25 min, IQR 8–68 min) viewing. CT (95%, n = 410/430) and MRI (95%, n = 38/40) scans had the highest proportion of both images and reports viewed, regardless of whether the scan was completed ‘in‐hours’ or ‘after‐hours’. X‐ray reports were viewed least often (73%).ConclusionThis study demonstrates a high level of viewing of acute surgical radiological imaging and reports by surgical teams. The ‘simpler’ the study the less likely the radiology report will be viewed.
When Broken Worlds Churn: The Anti‐Caste Fabulations of Du Saraswathi
Authors: Sreenath Shreyas 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHow can literary fabulation prompt a reflection on caste, colonial, and capitalist lifeworlds? Engaging with two short stories by the Dalit feminist thinker Du Saraswathi, this article considers the role of fabulation in sparking anti‐caste praxis, decolonial thought, and a reflection on ecological interdependence. Bacchisu (“Tip”) and Honnahelu (“Shit and Gold”) are penned in the context of the sanitation workers’ movement in Karnataka, India and the ongoing struggles of waste workers to assert the dignity of their labour and their ancestral relations. Both stories capture the intimate worlds of solid waste and sewage workers, overwhelmingly from Dalit (ex‐untouchable) communities, as they navigate capitalist debris and the brokenness of caste society. They archive relations between caste overseers and contractual workers, the police and local bureaucracy, and peri‐urban ecologies. Saraswathi's writings explore such political concerns in ways that exceed the circumscribed realism of caste society—mingling Dalit culinary practices, embodied desires, rhythms of collective protest, rapturous encounters with spiritual beings, colonial legacies, and reproductive futures. In a context where Dalit testimonies are doubly silenced by the evidentiary procedures of postcolonial law and retributive violence, how can fabulation bear witness to an anti‐caste reality that integrates spiritual, ecological, and political struggles?
Psychological need fulfillment as a source of resilience: Its protective role in concerns and symptoms of anxiety and depression during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Waterschoot Joachim , Morbée Sofie , Soenens Bart , Van den Bergh Omer , Raemdonck Eveline , Brisbois Marie , Schmitz Mathias , Klein Olivier , Luminet Olivier , Van Oost Pascaline , Yzerbyt Vincent , Vansteenkiste Maarten 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe essential role of the psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness in well‐being has been demonstrated convincingly. Yet whether their fulfillment also serves as a source of resilience in the face of adversity has received limited attention. A longitudinal sample of Belgian citizens (N = 1869; Mage = 56.23, 68% female) completed an online questionnaire on 13 occasions between April 2020 and April 2022 during the COVID‐19 crisis. Multilevel analyses showed that need fulfillment, both at the between‐ and within‐person level, related negatively to concerns, even after controlling for exposure to personal risks. Further, the association between concerns and changes in symptoms of depression and anxiety was dampened when people reported higher need fulfillment compared with others (i.e. between‐person level) or when they reported periodically more need fulfillment than usual (i.e. within‐person level). This moderation effect occurred on top of the systematic negative main effect of need fulfillment on symptoms of anxiety and depression. Psychological need fulfillment serves as a resilience factor (a) by reducing concerns in the face of adverse events (i.e. an appraisal effect) and (b) by mobilizing resources that help individuals to deal better with concerns (i.e. a coping effect). Theoretical and practical implications of the resilience effect of need fulfillment are discussed.
Drug–drug interactions and the risk of adverse drug reaction‐related hospital admissions in the older population
Authors: Hughes John E. , Moriarty Frank , Bennett Kathleen E. , Cahir Caitriona 
Published: November 2023

AimsThe aims of this study were to estimate potentially clinically important drug–drug interaction (DDI) prevalence, and the average causal effect of DDI exposure on adverse drug reaction (ADR)‐related hospital admission, and to examine differences in health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) and length of stay (LOS) per DDI exposure in an older (≥65 years) population acutely hospitalized.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study conducted among 798 older individuals acutely admitted to hospital in Ireland between 2016 and 2017. Medication (current/recently discontinued/over‐the‐counter) and clinical data (e.g., creatinine clearance) were available. DDIs were identified using the British National Formulary (BNF) and Stockley's Drug Interactions. Causal inference models for DDI exposure on ADR‐related hospital admission were developed using directed acyclic graphs. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the average causal effect. Differences in HRQoL (EQ‐5D) and LOS per DDI exposure were examined non‐parametrically. DDI prevalence, adjusted odds ratios (aOR), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) are reported.ResultsA total of 782 (98.0%) individuals using two or more drugs were included. Mean age was 80.9 (SD ± 7.5) years (range: 66–105); 52.2% were female; and 45.1% (n = 353) had an ADR‐related admission. At admission, 316 (40.4% [95% CI: 37.0–43.9]) patients had at least one DDI. The average causal effect of DDI exposure on ADR‐related hospital admission was aOR = 1.21 [95% CI: 0.89–1.64]. This was significantly increased by exposure to: DDIs which increase bleeding risk (aOR = 2.00 [1.26–3.12]); aspirin‐warfarin (aOR = 2.78 [1.37–5.65]); and esomeprazole‐escitalopram (aOR = 3.22 [1.13–10.25]. DDI‐exposed patients had lower HRQoL (mean EQ‐5D = 0.49 [±0.39]) compared those non‐DDI‐exposed (mean EQ‐5D = 0.57 [±0.41]), (P = .03); and greater median LOS in hospital (8 [IQR5–16]days) compared those non‐DDI‐exposed (7 [IQR 4–14] days),(P = .04).ConclusionsPotentially clinically important DDIs carry an increased average causal effect on ADR‐related admission, significantly (two‐fold) by exposure to DDIs that increase bleeding risk, which should be targeted for medicine optimization.
A study of the clinical and demographic characteristics of adults with an intellectual disability who remain in learning disability assessment and treatment units despite being clinically ready for discharge
Authors: Williams Jonathan , Pender Fiona , Shahzad Saman , Woodrow Ceri , Dar Rimsha , Humphreys Matthew , Evans‐Stone Joanne , Nall‐Evans Sharleen , Wilson Peter 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundThis study investigated differences in the clinical and demographic characteristics of individuals with intellectual disabilities delayed in assessment and treatment hospitals versus individuals who were not delayed. The study further investigated the clinical outcomes of the individuals whose discharge from the hospital was delayed.MethodThis was a cohort study using secondary data collected from patient records. Variables included age, ethnicity, levels of deprivation, areas of origin, diagnoses, and the provision of a care and treatment review. A comparison was made between individuals who became delayed despite being clinically ready for discharge and those who were discharged on time.FindingsIndividuals with severe intellectual disabilities were more likely to experience delayed discharge from hospital (p = 0.001). Similarly, people who were admitted to hospitals away from their home areas were also more likely to experience delayed discharge (p < 0.001). There were no significant differences between the delayed and nondelayed groups for other factors such as age, deprivation or ethnicity. Individuals who experienced a delay in discharge did not experience an increased rate of adverse incidents compared to the period of active treatment and clinical improvements were maintained during the period of delay. There were low rates of completion of care and treatment reviews before admission, although people who were delayed were more likely to have received a review during admission (78.8% vs. 27.1%).ConclusionIt is important for clinicians and service development leads to be aware that people who are admitted away from their home area and people with severe intellectual disabilities may be at higher risk of experiencing significantly delayed discharge from the hospital. More broadly, many people remained in hospital for a substantial length of time after being assessed as clinically ready for discharge. Due to the low rates of completion before admission, the expansion of community‐based care and treatment reviews should also be explored. While people did not suffer increased rates of adverse incidents during their extended stay, their liberty was still restricted, hence there should be a focus on effective community provision. The current model of relying on the willingness of independent providers to support the care of complex individuals requires significant reform.
Complement‐mediated thrombotic microangiopathy treated with anticomplement protein 5 therapy, a retrospective study
Authors: Laber Damian A. , Patel Parth C. , Logothetis Constantine N. , Patel Ankita K. , Jaglal Michael , Haider Mintallah , Visweshwar Nathan , Rajasekaran‐Rathnakumar Geetha , Eatrides Jennifer 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundComplement‐mediated thrombotic microangiopathy (CM‐TMA), also called atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS), is a difficult‐to‐diagnose rare disease that carries severe morbidity and mortality. Anti‐C5 monoclonal antibodies (aC5‐mab) are standard treatments, but large studies and long‐term data are scarce. Here, we report our single institution experience to augment the knowledge of CM‐TMA treated with aC5‐mab therapy.MethodsWe aimed to assess the short and long‐term effects of aC5‐mab in patients diagnosed with CM‐TMA treated outside of a clinical trial. This was a retrospective study. We included all patients diagnosed with CM‐TMA and treated with aC5‐mab at our institution. There were no exclusion criteria. Endpoints included complete TMA response (CR) defined as normalization of hematological parameters and ≥25% improvement in serum creatinine (Cr) from baseline in patients with renal disease, relapse defined as losing the previously achieved CR, morbidity, adverse events, and survival.ResultsWe found 28 patients with CM‐TMA treated with aC5‐mab. The median age was 50 years. Baseline laboratories: platelet counts 93 × 109/L, hemoglobin 8.6 g/dL, lactate dehydrogenase 1326 U/L, serum Cr 4.7 mg/dL, and estimated glomerular filtration rate 19 mL/min. One individual was on renal replacement therapy (RRT) and 10 initiated RRT within 5 days of the first dose of aC5‐mab. Genetic variants associated with CM‐TMA included mutations in C3, CFB, CFH, CFHR1/3, CFI, and MCP. The mean duration of hospitalization was 24 days. The median time to initiation of aC5‐mab was 10 days. Sixteen subjects received RRT. At the time of hospital discharge, 27 were alive, 14 remained on RRT, and 4 had a CR. At 6 months, 23 patients were alive, 18 continued aC5‐mab, 8 remained on RRT, and 9 had a CR. At the last follow‐up visit past 6 months, 20 were alive, 14 continued aC5‐mab, 5 remained on RRT, 12 had a CR, and 1 was lost to follow‐up.ConclusionsOur study provides real‐world experience and insight into the long‐term outcomes of CM‐TMA treated with aC5‐mab. Our findings validate that CM‐TMA is an aggressive disease with significant morbidity and mortality, and confirm that aC5‐mab is a relatively effective therapy for CM‐TMA. Our study adds practical, real‐world experience to the literature, but future research remains imperative.
“Quem pode ser a dona?”: Afro‐Brazilian women entrepreneurs and gendered racism
Authors: Murphy Demetrius Miles 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn 2013, the number of Black entrepreneurs surpassed the number of White entrepreneurs in Brazil. Of those Black entrepreneurs, 30 percent were women. In Brazil, gendered racism often stereotypes Black women as domestic servants or hypersexual. Despite the robust literature on Afro‐Brazilians generally and Afro‐Brazilian women particularly, Afro‐Brazilian women entrepreneurs, their experiences, and their strategies for competing in the market and resisting gendered racism remain under‐theorized. I use semi‐structured interviews with Black women entrepreneurs to explain the relationship between gendered racism and Black entrepreneurship. My findings show that Afro‐Brazilian women entrepreneurs actively defy and redefine the standard images of entrepreneurs and Black women in Brazil. They contest the treatment of Black women as objects of the market by situating themselves as agentic players by challenging gendered racism through two entrepreneurial cultural strategies: (1) engaging in dignity work and (2) employing a women‐first imperative. By centering the experience of Afro‐Brazilian women, I contribute to the entrepreneurship literature, Africana Studies, and Latin American Studies.
Impact of Type and Shape of Microplastics on the Transport in Column Experiments
Authors: Schenkel Cheyanne A. , Brown Megan R.M. , Lenczewski Melissa E. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe pervasive nature of plastic and the longevity of plastics leaves a legacy of microplastics (MPs) that contaminate our environment, including drinking water sources. Although MPs have been documented in every environmental setting, a paucity of research has focused on the transport and fate of MPs in groundwater. Previous field and laboratory studies have shown that MPs can migrate through aquifer material and are influenced by environmental factors. This study used controlled column experiments to investigate the influence of polymer type (polyamide, polyethylene, polypropylene, and polyester) and particle shape (fragment, fiber, and sphere) on MP retardation and retention. The results showed that all individual MP types investigated were retarded compared to the NaCl tracer, with a retardation factor ranging from 1.53 to 1.75. While hypothesized that presence of multiple types and shapes could change mobility, the results indicate that this hypothesis is not correct for the conditions tested. This study provides new insights into MP transport in groundwater systems based on the characteristics of MP particles. In addition, this study demonstrates the need for further research on types of MPs and under more conditions, especially in the presence of a mixture of types and shapes of MPs to gauge what is occurring in natural systems where many MPs are present together.
The impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis and treatment in Japan: A multicenter collaborative observational study
Authors: Murai Kazuhiro , Hikita Hayato , Kodama Takahiro , Kaibori Masaki , Nishimura Yuki , Tatsumi Tomohide , Yamada Tomomi , Kanto Tatsuya , Mochida Satoshi , Takehara Tetsuo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAimCoronavirus disease 2019 emerged in December 2019 and spread worldwide. This study aimed to clarify the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on the diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Japan.MethodsFirst, we collected the monthly numbers of HCC‐related general medical practices from January 2019 to December 2021 at liver disease‐specific medical institutions in Japan. Next, we collected individual clinical information from patients with newly diagnosed HCC during this period.ResultsThere was a decrease in the number of HCC‐related medical practices, including referrals, enhanced abdominal ultrasonography and radiofrequency ablation, in Japan's first state of emergency (SOE; April–May 2020) compared with 2019. Fewer patients were diagnosed with new HCC during the first SOE than before or after it. There was no difference in tumor diameter, number of tumors or Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage between patients diagnosed before the first SOE and those diagnosed during or after the first SOE. The median waiting times for treatment of patients diagnosed during and after the first SOE were 31 and 37 days, which were significantly shorter and not longer than that of patients diagnosed before the first SOE (36 days), respectively.ConclusionThe number of HCC‐related general medical practices decreased during the first SOE. However, the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic did not lead to HCC progression by diagnostic delays or cause HCC treatment delays in Japan.
The effect of different anions on the crystallization course of α‐Al2O3 powder in hydrothermal method
Authors: Zhang Fengze , Ouyang Ruifeng , Zhou Tianxiang , Xiong Chengrong , Shi Wei , Su Xiaoli , Zeng Tao , Chen Yunxia , Dong Gang 
Published: November 2023

Abstractα‐Al2O3 powder with excellent sintering properties plays an irreplaceable role in advanced ceramics. However, the preparation of α‐Al2O3 at low temperature still remains a grand challenge. Herein, aluminum sulfate, aluminum nitrate, and aluminum chloride are used as raw materials for α‐Al2O3 synthesis. In general, the Al3+ will be hydrolyzed to form AlOOH during the hydrothermal process. But SO42− reacted with Al3+ and OH− to form Al4(OH)10SO4 during the hydrothermal process. During the calcining process, the transition temperatures from AlOOH to α‐Al2O3 were 1100°C, which can be summarized as follows: AlOOH → γ‐Al2O3 → θ‐Al2O3 → α‐Al2O3. Meanwhile, Al4(OH)10SO4 converted into pure α‐Al2O3 at only 1050°C, due to the direct conversion from γ‐Al2O3 to α‐Al2O3. This spherical α‐Al2O3 was made up by completely uniformed small particles of about 10–20 nm. Finally, an Al2O3 ceramic with 98.07% of theoretical density and .01% water absorption rate was obtained at a temperature of 1600°C. This work offers an intriguing solution toward the development of Al2O3‐based advanced ceramics.
Interventions to reduce burnout and improve the mental health of nurses during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A systematic review of randomised controlled trials with meta‐analysis
Authors: Wong Kang Wei , Wu Xinyao , Dong Yanhong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis systematic review aims to investigate and determine the effectiveness of interventions on improving mental health (anxiety, depression, stress or mental well‐being) and/or reducing burnout of nurses working in hospitals during the COVID‐19 pandemic. A search was conducted on studies from conception to December 2022 in databases: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Scopus and Web of Science and in ProQuest Thesis & Dissertations Global Database, Google Scholar and ClinicalTrials.gov. A total of 17 randomised controlled trials that evaluated different interventions were included. The outcomes were anxiety (n = 11), depression (n = 5), stress (n = 13) mental well‐being (n = 7) and burnout (n = 7). Not all interventions led to positive outcomes. Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) appraisal and risk of bias assessment using the Cochrane tool for randomised controlled trials (RoB 2.0) revealed poor quality of currently available literature, with low to very low certainty. Meta‐analysis showed high heterogeneity among the five different outcomes, with subgroup analysis showing greater success in interventions conducted on nurses involved in the care of COVID‐19 patients. More well‐designed trials are necessary to reinforce current evidence to improve the mental health of nurses, to not only protect their quality of life but also to ensure the quality of patient care.
The multiobjective traveling salesman–repairman problem with profits: design and implementation of a variable neighborhood descent algorithm for a real scenario
Authors: Morante‐González R. , López‐Sánchez A. D. , Sánchez‐Oro J. , Hernández‐Díaz A. G. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis paper introduces a problem that can be seen as a combination of the traveling salesman problem with profits and the traveling repairman problem with profits, coined as the multi‐objective traveling salesman–repairman problem with profits (Mo‐TSRPP). The objective of the Mo‐TSRPP is to simultaneously optimize three objectives: the total cost, total latency, and total profit. Indirectly, the number of nodes visited is also considered although not as an objective itself since it is determined by the size of every efficient solution in the Pareto front. The Mo‐TSRPP emerges as a real‐world problem in which a freelancer, which repairs appliances, wants to plan the daily route. Moreover, the daily plan does not require to visit all customers. To solve the problem, first, a greedy randomized adaptive procedure is designed to generate a set of high‐quality nondominated solutions and then, a variable neighborhood descent algorithm is applied for further improving the initial set. This procedure allows us to attain a good approximation of the Pareto front. To prove the performance of the proposal a comparison is done against three well‐known evolutionary algorithms: NSGA‐II, SPEA‐2, and MOEA/D. Finally, a realistic problem is shown and solved to illustrate the potential of the algorithm.
Religion as a Determinant of Relationship Stability
Authors: Boulis Christopher , Torgler Benno 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThere is a burgeoning literature that investigates the effects of religion on relationship dissolution. This study is distinguished from prior scholarship in three broad areas: The investigation estimates the effect of religion on relationship stability using multiple measures of religious affiliation and religious observance; it is based on information of the respondent and their partner for both cohabiting and marital relationships; and it is performed using multiple waves of a large‐scale nationally representative panel data set, the Household Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey. It addresses key limitations, such as: the use of a single measure of religion, a tendency to only use married individual data, and an overreliance on cross‐sectional data. The results indicate that intrafaith couples tend to have a higher degree of relationship stability than other couple types; although, once other factors are controlled for, this effect is no longer statistically significant. We also find religiosity, in particular, religious attendance has a large positive effect on stability in intrafaith couples but can lower stability in interfaith and mixed couples.