bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of internal medicine pharmacists on antimicrobial stewardship
Authors: Rizzo Ashley , Suchindran Sujit , Albrecht Benjamin , Metzger Nicole L. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntroductionIncreased demands on infectious diseases (ID) pharmacists and providers may result in targeted antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) interventions. Internal medicine (IM) pharmacists frequently intervene on antimicrobials for their patients during general clinical care, although little is known regarding their overall impact on AMS.ObjectiveCharacterize AMS interventions made by IM pharmacists to identify areas of AMS that can be expanded to patients not covered by ID teams.MethodsThis was a prospective, dual‐center, cross‐sectional study where IM pharmacists, and their trainees were recruited to document routinely made AMS interventions that happened during daily patient care activities. These interventions were classified based on infection source, stewardship intervention type, whether recommendations were accepted or rejected by providers, and any barriers incurred during the implementation of interventions.ResultsFour IM pharmacists documented 386 interventions from February 2021 through May 2021. Physicians accepted pharmacist interventions 95.6% of the time. The most common interventions were for respiratory (n = 87, 22.5%), genitourinary (n = 80, 20.7%), and skin and skin structure infections (n = 65, 16.8%). The antimicrobials that IM pharmacists most frequently intervened on were vancomycin (n = 89, 23.1%) and ceftriaxone (n = 68, 17.6%). The most common interventions that were made were dose adjustment (n = 105, 27.2%), shortened duration of therapy (n = 86, 22.3%), and intravenous (IV) to oral (PO) conversions (n = 38, 9.8%). Of the 17 interventions not accepted, the most common barrier to implementation was physician concerns (n = 11, 52.4%), which were primarily associated with IV to PO recommendations (n = 7, 63.6%).ConclusionIM pharmacists participate in AMS for their patients and intervene frequently to adjust dosing for antimicrobials, shorten duration of therapy, and facilitate IV to PO conversions. IM pharmacists could serve as AMS extenders where additional AMS coverage is needed.
Geometric dual and sum‐rank minimal codes
Authors: Borello Martino , Zullo Ferdinando 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe main purpose of this paper is to further study the structure, parameters and constructions of the recently introduced minimal codes in the sum‐rank metric. These objects form a bridge between the classical minimal codes in the Hamming metric, the subject of intense research over the past three decades partly because of their cryptographic properties, and the more recent rank‐metric minimal codes. We prove some bounds on their parameters, existence results, and, via a tool that we name geometric dual, we manage to construct minimal codes with few weights. A generalization of the celebrated Ashikhmin–Barg condition is proved and used to ensure the minimality of certain constructions.
When do photos on products hurt or help consumption? How magical thinking shapes consumer reactions to photo‐integrated products
Authors: Wu Freeman , Samper Adriana , Morales Andrea C. , Fitzsimons Gavan J. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractConsumers and companies frequently integrate products with lifelike photographs of people, animals, and other entities. However, consumer responses to such products are relatively unknown. Drawing on magical thinking and moral psychology, we propose that, due to a photograph's lifelike resemblance to its referent, consumers believe that photo‐integrated products embody the depicted entity's underlying essence. As such, in cases where consumption compromises the product's integrity (e.g., food, disposable goods), people are less likely to consume photo‐integrated products because doing so is perceived as destroying the depicted entity's essence, which elicits moral discomfort. In contrast, when the photographic image remains intact through consumption, as is the case with durable goods (e.g., magnets), people increase consumption of photo‐integrated products relative to products without photo integration, consistent with their popularity in the marketplace. We highlight two strategies to promote more positive outcomes for managers and consumers alike: (1) choose images of entities whose essence destruction is perceived as less immoral, and (2) increase the durability of the product so the depicted entity's essence is preserved through consumption.
Amine‐modified acid‐activated attapulgite as efficient and stable adsorbents for CO2 capture from flue gas
Authors: He Zhong , Liu Wenjie , Han Kun , Hu Jiangjun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDFossil fuel power plants are the primary contributors to carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, necessitating effective and stable methods for adsorbing CO2 from flue gas under diverse conditions. Achieving this remains challenging due to the complexity of flue gas compositions and the prolonged operation of adsorption processes.RESULTSThis study focuses on enhancing CO2 adsorption in flue gas using attapulgite (ATP), activated by acid and modified with tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) via an impregnation method. Characterization through X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and N2 adsorption–desorption revealed that acidic treatment removed impurities, enhancing BET (Brunauer–Emmett–Teller) surface area. TEPA modification significantly increased CO2 adsorption capacity by providing more active sites. Notably, 30TEPA/HATP exhibited the best performance at 3.28 mmol g−1. Optimal CO2 adsorption occurred at 60 °C in simulated flue gas, with water improving amine utilization. Furthermore, 30TEPA/HATP demonstrated consistent CO2 adsorption capacity (3.04 mmol g−1) across concentrations (10–20 vol%) and maintained stability after ten cycles, experiencing only a 7.0% decrease.CONCLUSIONThe findings underscore the success of low‐cost ATP, modified with TEPA, in achieving excellent CO2 capture and stability under diverse flue gas conditions. This material holds promise for practical engineering applications in mitigating carbon emissions from fossil fuel power plants. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Optimized self‐attention based cycle‐consistent generative adversarial network adopted melanoma classification from dermoscopic images
Authors: Harini P. , Madhavi N. Bindu , Latha S. Bhargavi , Sasikumar A. N. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSkin is the exposed part of the human body that constantly protected from UV rays, heat, light, dust, and other hazardous radiation. One of the most dangerous illnesses that affect people is skin cancer. A type of skin cancer called melanoma starts in the melanocytes, which regulate the colour in human skin. Reducing the fatality rate from skin cancer requires early detection and diagnosis of conditions like melanoma. In this article, a Self‐attention based cycle‐consistent generative adversarial network optimized with Archerfish Hunting Optimization Algorithm adopted Melanoma Classification (SACCGAN‐AHOA‐MC‐DI) from dermoscopic images is proposed. Primarily, the input Skin dermoscopic images are gathered via the dataset of ISIC 2019. Then, the input Skin dermoscopic images is pre‐processed using adjusted quick shift phase preserving dynamic range compression (AQSP‐DRC) for removing noise and increase the quality of Skin dermoscopic images. These pre‐processed images are fed to the piecewise fuzzy C‐means clustering (PF‐CMC) for ROI region segmentation. The segmented ROI region is supplied to the Hexadecimal Local Adaptive Binary Pattern (HLABP) to extract the Radiomic features, like Grayscale statistic features (standard deviation, mean, kurtosis, and skewness) together with Haralick Texture features (contrast, energy, entropy, homogeneity, and inverse different moments). The extracted features are fed to self‐attention based cycle‐consistent generative adversarial network (SACCGAN) which classifies the skin cancers as Melanocytic nevus, Basal cell carcinoma, Actinic Keratosis, Benign keratosis, Dermatofibroma, Vascular lesion, Squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma. In general, SACCGAN not adapt any optimization modes to define the ideal parameters to assure accurate classification of skin cancer. Hence, Archerfish Hunting Optimization Algorithm (AHOA) is considered to maximize the SACCGAN classifier, which categorizes the skin cancer accurately. The proposed method attains 23.01%, 14.96%, and 45.31% higher accuracy and 32.16%, 11.32%, and 24.56% lesser computational time evaluated to the existing methods, like melanoma prediction method for unbalanced data utilizing optimized Squeeze Net through bald eagle search optimization (CNN‐BES‐MC‐DI), hyper‐parameter optimized CNN depending on Grey wolf optimization algorithm (CNN‐GWOA‐MC‐DI), DEANN incited skin cancer finding depending on fuzzy c‐means clustering (DEANN‐MC‐DI).Research Highlights
This manuscript, self‐attention based cycle‐consistent.
SACCGAN‐AHOA‐MC‐DI method is implemented in Python.
(SACCGAN‐AHOA‐MC‐DI) from dermoscopic images is proposed.
Adjusted quick shift phase preserving dynamic range compression (AQSP‐DRC).
Removing noise and increase the quality of Skin dermoscopic images.
Pollen morphology of Acanthoideae species from the Shivalik Foothills in Rajaji National Park (Uttarakhand, India)
Authors: Rawat Ruchita , Negi Shivani , Tiwari Prabhawati 
Published: February 2024

AbstractApart from its role in plant taxonomy, the understanding of pollen morphology is considered an essential interdisciplinary tool in diverse applied fields, including plant systematics, melissopalynology, aeropalynology, forensic palynology, paleopalynology, and copropalynology. In palynotaxonomy, it is frequently employed to classify and validate natural groups across a range of hierarchical levels, from higher categories down to the infrageneric level. The subfamily Acanthoideae, within the Acanthaceae family, consists of a diverse group of flowering plants that are distributed globally. The present study attempted a comprehensive analysis of the pollen morphology, employing both light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), for a total of 13 Acanthoideae species from the Shivalik Foothills in Rajaji National Park (located in the northern Indian state of Uttarakhand, Western Himalaya). The findings indicated that the Acanthoideae is characterized by eurypalynous features, and the studied species exhibited pollen grains that were monads, radially symmetrical, and varied in size from small to large. The pollen grains were predominantly tricolporate or heteroaperturate, with porate occurrences being rare. The significant variation in exine sculpturing, including reticulate, coarsely reticulate, and bireticulate patterns, holds substantial taxonomic significance. The detailed presentation encompasses pollen morphological characters described with LM and SEM micrographs, along with a species‐level identification key.Research Highlights
This article provides a thorough analysis of the pollen morphology of Acanthoideae taxa using both light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, covering 13 species across 10 genera and revealing a broad spectrum of pollen characteristics, including size, shape, aperture type, and exine sculpturing.
The microscopic investigation of these Acanthoideae species not only enhances our understanding of their pollen morphology but also aids in species identification through the development of a pollen‐based key.
Implementing mainstream genetic counseling within the area‐wide network of the German Consortium Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer (GC‐HBOC): Satisfaction of primary care providers with the provided state‐of‐the‐art training by the Cologne Center
Authors: Herold Natalie , Bredow Kathrin , Ernst Corinna , Tüchler Anja , Blümcke Britta , Waha Anke , Keser Ebru , Hauke Jan , Wappenschmidt Barbara , Hahnen Eric , Schmutzler Rita Katharina , Rhiem Kerstin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe German Cancer Society (Deutsche Krebsgesellschaft DKG) has published a position paper to address the challenges of cancer patient care in the era of genomic medicine. The German Consortium Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer (GC‐HBOC) has implemented this recommendation in its care concept for families at risk. Core elements are the outcome‐oriented evaluation of structured and standardized clinical measures and reporting recommendations derived therefrom to primary care providers and patients. A cross‐sector network with certified breast cancer and gynecological cancer centers was founded in 2015, starting from the Cologne Center of the GC‐HBOC. To guarantee the knowledge transfer for mainstream genetic counseling, the Cologne center has established an educational program for physicians and specialized nurses in order to pilot trans‐sectoral knowledge transfer on risk assessment and risk‐stratified care. It consists of face‐to‐face lectures with written knowledge test, attending a genetic case conference and genetic counseling sessions with the opportunity to counsel under supervision. The lectures were accompanied by a structured evaluation of the participants' satisfaction and feedback of the needs in mainstream genetic counseling. Thereby, the network ensures that genetic counseling and testing is provided according to state‐of‐the‐art knowledge and allows physicians to participate in knowledge‐generating care outside the university setting and patients to receive care close to home. After multiple feedback cycles to improve the educational program, the GC‐HBOC, in cooperation with the German Cancer Society, has now adopted this concept and developed a common and uniform online curriculum funded by the Federal Ministry of Health. https://www.krebsgesellschaft.de/fortbildung‐familiaerer‐krebs.html.
Beyond multiple choice: Clinical simulation as a rigorous and inclusive method for assessing genetic counseling competencies
Authors: Cho Megan T. , Davis Claire , Lowe Chenery , Flynn Maureen , Jamal Leila , Bajaj Komal , Atzinger Carrie , Erby Lori H. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractEducational use of clinical simulation is a way for students to immerse themselves within a realistic yet safe and structured environment as they practice clinical skills. It is widely used in healthcare training and evaluation, and there are best practices for design, implementation, debriefing, and assessment. An increasing number of genetic counseling graduate programs use simulation in various ways, ranging from role‐plays to working with professional simulated/standardized patient (SP) actors. At this time, there is very little consistency across programs, research on the approaches, and standards by which simulation is incorporated into training. Simulation is an understudied but promising approach for genetic counselor (GC) education and assessment. After graduation, GCs demonstrate their competence as entry‐level providers through American Board of Genetic Counseling (ABGC) multiple‐choice examination (MCE), along with their participatory clinical encounters from graduate training. Data from genetic counseling and other professions highlight the limitations and biases of MCEs, suggesting they not only fail to accurately capture competency, but also that they disadvantage underrepresented individuals from entering the field. In addition, MCEs are limited as a tool for assessing nuanced counseling and communication skills, as compared to more quantitative scientific knowledge. We propose that innovative, evidence‐based approaches such as simulation have the potential to not only enhance learning, but also to allow GCs to better demonstrate competency during training and in relation to the board examination. Collaborative approaches, research, and funding are needed to further explore the viability of routinely incorporating simulation into GC training and assessment.
The overfull conjecture on graphs of odd order and large minimum degree
Authors: Shan Songling 
Published: February 2024

AbstractLet be a simple graph with maximum degree . A subgraph of is overfull if . Chetwynd and Hilton in 1986 conjectured that a graph with has chromatic index if and only if contains no overfull subgraph. Let , be sufficiently large, and be graph on vertices with minimum degree at least . It was shown that the conjecture holds for if is even. In this paper, the same result is proved if is odd. As far as we know, this is the first result on the Overfull Conjecture for graphs of odd order and with a minimum degree constraint.
Synthesis of tricyclic pyrazolopyrimidine arylidene ester derivatives and their cytotoxic and molecular docking evaluations
Authors: Lu Tong , Nie Lifei , Tang Dan , Bozorov Khurshed , Zhao Jiangyu , Aisa Haji Akber 
Published: February 2024

AbstractOur research team has synthesized 33 tricyclic pyrazolopyrimidine arylidene ester derivatives using the lead compound CAM551 as a starting point. This was achieved by a designed five‐step synthesis strategy. The synthesized compounds' inhibitory activities against HT‐116 human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line and HGC27 human gastric cancer cells were assessed through traditional MTT assays. The designed and synthesized compounds demonstrated superior inhibition against both types of cancer cells. Additionally, compound 7b, which contains a long‐chain substituent, exhibited improved inhibition against hepatocellular carcinoma cells and a greater safety profile. These findings indicate that compound 7b has the potential as an antitumor lead compound for future research.
Clinicians' interpretation of thresholds in hospital antibiograms for gram‐negative rod infections: A survey and contingent valuation study of hospitalists
Authors: Hasegawa Shinya , Harris Che M. , Gupta Vineet , Pappas Matthew , Vaughn Valerie M. , Perencevich Eli N. , Dukes Kimberly C. , Goto Michihiko 
Published: February 2024

AbstractClinical guidelines suggest that hospital antibiograms are a key component when deciding empiric therapy, but little is known about how often clinicians use antibiograms and how they influence clinicians' empiric therapy decisions. We surveyed hospitalists at seven healthcare systems in the United States on their reported practices related to antibiograms and their hypothetical prescribing for four clinical scenarios associated with gram‐negative rod pathogens. Each was given a randomly assigned antibiogram susceptibility percentage, and we used contingent valuation analysis to assess whether the antibiogram susceptibility percentage was associated with prescribing practices. Of the 193 survey responders, only 52 (26.9%) respondents reported using antibiograms more than monthly. Across all four clinical scenarios, there was no evidence that antibiogram susceptibility levels influenced antibiotic prescribing practices. With limited utilization and no evidence that they influenced practice, antibiograms may have a limited role in hospitalist care delivery for common gram‐negative rod infections.
Rich Club Reorganization in Nurses Before and After the Onset of Occupational Burnout: A Longitudinal MRI Study
Authors: Chen Miao , Su Qian , Zhao Ziyang , Li Tongtong , Yao Zhijun , Zheng Weihao , Han Lin , Hu Bin 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundStudies on potential disruptions in rich club structure in nursing staff with occupational burnout are lacking. Moreover, existing studies on nurses with burnout are limited by their cross‐sectional design.PurposeTo investigate rich club reorganization in nursing staff before and after the onset of burnout and the underlying impact of anatomical distance on such reconfiguration.Study TypeProspective, longitudinal.PopulationThirty‐nine hospital nurses ( years old at baseline, years old at a follow‐up within 1.5 years, 38 female).Field Strength/SequenceMagnetization‐prepared rapid gradient‐echo and gradient‐echo echo‐planar imaging sequences at 3.0 T.AssessmentThe Maslach Burnout Inventory and Symptom Check‐List 90 testing were acquired at each MRI scan. Rich club structure was assessed at baseline and follow‐up to determine whether longitudinal changes were related to burnout and to changes in connectivities with different anatomical distances (short‐, mid‐, and long range).Statistical TestsChi‐square, paired‐samples t, two‐sample t, Mann–Whitney U tests, network‐based statistic, Spearman correlation analysis, and partial least squares regression analysis. Significance level: Bonferroni‐corrected .ResultsIn nurses who developed burnout: 1) Strengths of rich club, feeder, local, short‐, mid‐, and long‐range connectivities were significantly decreased at follow‐up compared with baseline. 2) At follow‐up, strengths of above connectivities and that between A5m.R and dlPu.L were significantly correlated with emotional exhaustion (r ranges from −0.57 to −0.73) and anxiety scores (r = −0.56), respectively. 3) Longitudinal change (follow‐up minus baseline) in connectivity strength between A5m.R and dlPu.L reflected change in emotional exhaustion score (r = 0.87). Longitudinal changes in strength of connectivities mainly involving parietal lobe were significantly decreased in nurses who developed burnout compared with those who did not.Data ConclusionIn nurses after the onset of burnout, rich club reorganization corresponded to significant reductions in strength of connectivities with different anatomical distances.Level of Evidence1Technical EfficacyStage 2
Evaluation of enterovirus concentration, species identification, and cerebrospinal fluid parameters in patients of different ages with aseptic meningitis in São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Honorato Layla , Ferreira Noely Evangelista , Domingues Renan Barros , Senne Carlos , Leite Fernando Brunale Vilela de Moura , Santos Márcio Vega dos , Fernandes Gustavo Bruniera Peres , Paião Heuder Gustavo Oliveira , Vilas Boas Lucy Santos , da Costa Antonio Charlys , Tozetto‐Mendoza Tânia Regina , Witkin Steven S. , Mendes‐Correa Maria Cássia 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHuman enteroviruses (EV) are the most common cause of aseptic meningitis worldwide. Data on EV viral load in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and related epidemiological studies are scarce in Brazil. This study investigated the influence of EV viral load on CSF parameters, as well as identifying the involved species. CSF samples were collected in 2018–2019 from 140 individuals at The Hospital das Clínicas, São Paulo. The EV viral load was determined using real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, while EV species were identified by 5′UTR region sequencing. Median viral load was 5.72 log10 copies/mL and did not differ by subjects' age and EV species. Pleocytosis was observed in 94.3% of cases, with the highest white blood cell (WBC) counts in younger individuals. Viral load and WBC count were correlated in children (p = 0.0172). Elevated lactate levels were observed in 60% of cases and correlated with the viral load in preteen‐teenagers (p = 0.0120) and adults (p = 0.0184). Most individuals had normal total protein levels (70.7%), with higher in preteen‐teenagers and adults (p < 0.0001). By sequencing, 8.2% were identified as EV species A and 91.8% as species B. Age‐specific variations in CSF characteristics suggest distinct inflammatory responses in each group.