bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predator-avoidance behaviour of target and non-target temperate reef fishes is lower in areas protected from fishing
Authors: Feary David A. , Fowler Ashley M. , Booth David J. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe effects of hunting on predator-avoidance behaviour are increasingly being recognised on land but have received less attention in marine systems. We examined whether predator-avoidance behaviour of temperate reef fishes differed between areas protected and not protected from recreational fishing by examining the flight-initiation distance (FID; the distance a predator can approach before the prey animal flees) of six common species in southeastern Australia. By testing species that ranged in desirability to recreational fishers, we could determine if behavioural differences were specific to target species or extended more broadly throughout the assemblage. After accounting for potential variability among sites within protection levels, we found that the FID of all species was higher in fished areas than protected areas, with FID up to 2.4 times higher in fished areas. The two commonly targeted species had the greatest FID response to fishing. FID also increased with body size for all but one species. Our findings indicate the potential for assemblage-wide effects of fishing on predator-avoidance behaviour and are consistent with an indirect mechanism of behavioural modification.
The effect of repeated measurements and within-individual variance on the estimation of heritability: a simulation study
Authors: Jablonszky Mónika , Garamszegi László Zsolt 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The estimation of heritability is a common practice in the field of ecology and evolution. Heritability of the traits is often estimated using one single measurement per individual, although many traits (especially behavioural and physiological traits) are characterized by large within-individual variance, and ideally a large number of within individual measurements can be obtained. Importantly, the effect of the within-individual variance and the rate at which this variance is sampled on the estimation of heritability has not been thoroughly tested. We fill this gap of knowledge with a simulation study, and assess the effect of within- and between-individual sample size, and the true value of the variance components on the estimation of heritability. In line with previous studies we found that the accuracy and precision of heritability estimation increased with sample size and accuracy with higher values of additive genetic variance. When the sample size was above 500 accuracy and power of heritability estimates increased in the models including repeated measurements, especially when within-individual variance was high. We thus suggest to use a sample of more than 100 individuals and to include more than two repeated measurements per individual in the models to improve estimation when investigating heritability of labile traits.

Significance statement
Heritability reflects the part of the trait’s phenotypic variation underlined by genetic variation. Despite the difficulties of heritability calculation (high number of individuals is needed with known relatedness), it is a widely used measure in evolutionary studies. However, not every factor potentially affecting the quality of heritability estimation is well understood. We thus investigated with a comprehensive simulation study how the number of repeated measurements per individuals and the amount of within-individual variation influence the goodness of heritability estimation. We found that although the previously described effect of the number of studied individuals was the most important, including repeated measurements also improved the reliability of the heritability estimates, especially when within-individual variation was high. Our results thus highlight the importance of including repeated measurements when investigating the heritability of highly plastic traits, such as behavioural or physiological traits.
Delayed diagnosis of a transient ischemic attack caused by ChatGPT
Authors: Saenger Jonathan A. , Hunger Jonathan , Boss Andreas , Richter Johannes 
Published: February 2024

SummaryTechniques of artificial intelligence (AI) are increasingly used in the treatment of patients, such as providing a diagnosis in radiological imaging, improving workflow by triaging patients or providing an expert opinion based on clinical symptoms; however, such AI techniques also hold intrinsic risks as AI algorithms may point in the wrong direction and constitute a black box without explaining the reason for the decision-making process.This article outlines a case where an erroneous ChatGPT diagnosis, relied upon by the patient to evaluate symptoms, led to a significant treatment delay and a potentially life-threatening situation. With this case, we would like to point out the typical risks posed by the widespread application of AI tools not intended for medical decision-making.
How I do it: dual operation channels percutaneous endoscopic far-lateral transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion
Authors: Xiao Qingqing , Wu Ji , Chu Fuming , Li Yue 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
The current surgical procedure of interbody fusion in the lumbar spine has several limitations including low efficiency, potential endplate damage, overdose radiation exposure, and failure of fusion.

Methods
Through the endoscopic operating channel, we efficiently removed the superior and inferior articular processes and decompressed the ligamentum flavum. Another operating channel was established under endoscopic monitoring to excise the annulus fibrosus, remove the cartilaginous endplate using open instruments, perform interbody bone grafting, and place a non-expandable polyetheretherketone open surgical fusion cage.

Conclusion
Lumbar interbody fusion was performed successfully using a far-lateral transforaminal approach combined with dual operation channels of percutaneous endoscopic-assisted technique.
Cerebrovascular reactivity (PRx) and optimal cerebral perfusion pressure in elderly with traumatic brain injury
Authors: Lenell Samuel , Wettervik Teodor Svedung , Howells Timothy , Hånell Anders , Lewén Anders , Enblad Per 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) guidance by cerebral pressure autoregulation (CPA) status according to PRx (correlation mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and intracranial pressure (ICP)) and optimal CPP (CPPopt = CPP with lowest PRx) is promising but little is known regarding this approach in elderly. The aim was to analyze PRx and CPPopt in elderly TBI patients.

Methods
A total of 129 old (≥ 65 years) and 342 young (16–64 years) patients were studied using monitoring data for MAP and ICP. CPP, PRx, CPPopt, and ΔCPPopt (difference between actual CPP and CPPopt) were calculated. Logistic regression analyses with PRx and ΔCPPopt as explanatory variables for outcome. The combined effects of PRx/CPP and PRx/ΔCPPopt on outcome were visualized as heatmaps.

Results
The elderly had higher PRx (worse CPA), higher CPPopt, and different temporal patterns. High PRx influenced outcome negatively in the elderly but less so than in younger patients. CPP close to CPPopt correlated to favorable outcome in younger, in contrast to elderly patients. Heatmap interaction analysis of PRx/ΔCPPopt in the elderly showed that the region for favorable outcome was centered around PRx 0 and ranging between both functioning and impaired CPA (PRx range − 0.5–0.5), and the center of ΔCPPopt was − 10 (range − 20–0), while in younger the center of PRx was around − 0.5 and ΔCPPopt closer to zero.

Conclusions
The elderly exhibit higher PRx and CPPopt. High PRx influences outcome negatively in the elderly but less than in younger patients. The elderly do not show better outcome when CPP is close to CPPopt in contrast to younger patients.
Sensitive and efficient surveillance of Japanese giant salamander (Andrias japonicus) distribution in western Japan using multi-copy nuclear DNA marker
Authors: Hidaka Shunsuke , Jo Toshiaki S. , Yamamoto Satoshi , Katsuhara Koki R. , Tomita Sei , Miya Masaki , Ikegami Makihiko , Ushimaru Atushi , Minamoto Toshifumi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractJapanese giant salamander (Andrias japonicus) is one of the largest amphibian species in the world and an iconic species in Japan. However, as its distribution has recently declined across the country, rapid and extensive monitoring of the distribution is urgently needed for its efficient conservation. Here, we used environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis to assess the Japanese giant salamander’s distribution in western Japan and, for that purpose, we collected 410 water samples from 12 rivers. We then developed a new eDNA assay for multi-copy nuclear DNA (nuDNA) of the giant salamander and compared the eDNA detectability of the nuDNA marker with that of a previous mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) marker. Throughout the survey, we detected target eDNA from 162 water samples using either of the markers, which generally corresponded to the known natural distribution of the species. Additionally, the use of the nuDNA marker allowed for higher detection rate of target eDNA than the mtDNA marker. Moreover, the detection rate of target eDNA decreased substantially in water samples with higher conductivity and also partly in those with higher pH, suggesting their negative impacts on the salamander’s ecology. Our results demonstrated that eDNA analysis with multi-copy nuDNA marker is highly useful for efficient and sensitive surveillance of Japanese giant salamander’s distribution. Our study provided the methodology for efficiently monitoring the Japanese giant salamander’s distribution via eDNA analysis and facilitating conservation activities for them.
Transmission channels of the cohesion policy: direct and indirect effects on EA synchronicity
Authors: Stiblarova Lubica 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study focuses on the examination of the side effects of the European cohesion policy (ECP), in particular, the direct and indirect effects of the European structural and investment (ESI) funds on business cycle co-movement in the Euro area (EA) countries. The results of analysis performed using the simultaneous equations framework in the 2000–2019 period reveal that increasing ESI payments within the cohesion policy have overall contributed to more synchronized EA business cycles. Even though the ESI payments do not seem to directly support synchronization, probably because of their procyclical nature, we find that the unintended benefits of the ESI payments with respect to the synchronization lie in their indirect positive effects, which outweigh the negative direct effect. The total positive effect of the ECP emerges because increasing investment from the ESI funds promotes the EA business cycle synchronization via trade, bilateral FDI, and income similarity. Meanwhile, similar evidence has not been confirmed for the specialization channel.
Trends, tensions, and futures of maker education research: a 2025 vision for STEM+ disciplinary and transdisciplinary spaces for learning through making
Authors: Ioannou Andri , Gravel Brian E. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis special issue aims to sketch the present state of maker learning research, reveal possible tensions, and present future possibilities to articulate principles for learning through design in the era of maker education. The special issue was announced in 2022 in ETR&D, a leading academic journal in educational technology. Of the 50 submissions to the special issue, eighteen (18) were accepted for publication. The editors favored a robust inclusion of papers to help define the contours of the field at present. Four clusters of topics are identified in this collection of papers: (i) STEM+ disciplinary and transdisciplinary learning spaces; (ii) Digital technologies in making, opportunities and challenges; (iii) Assessment practices and frameworks; (iv) Representation, inclusion, and tensions around maker-centered initiatives and reforms. The editors of the special issue believe that these clusters reflect the current state-of-the-art in the field as well as significant questions to guide near future research. Reflecting on these papers but also the overall editorial process, the editors identified several opportunities and provide suggestions on how the field might expand moving forward.
A multimodal virtual vision platform as a next-generation vision system for a surgical robot
Authors: Kim Young Gyun , Lee Jong Hyeon , Shim Jae Woo , Rhee Wounsuk , Kim Byeong Soo , Yoon Dan , Kim Min Jung , Park Ji Won , Jeong Chang Wook , Yang Han-Kwang , Cho Minwoo , Kim Sungwan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract Robot-assisted surgery platforms are utilized globally thanks to their stereoscopic vision systems and enhanced functional assistance. However, the necessity of ergonomic improvement for their use by surgeons has been increased. In surgical robots, issues with chronic fatigue exist owing to the fixed posture of the conventional stereo viewer (SV) vision system. A head-mounted display was adopted to alleviate the inconvenience, and a virtual vision platform (VVP) is proposed in this study. The VVP can provide various critical data, including medical images, vital signs, and patient records, in three-dimensional virtual reality space so that users can access medical information simultaneously. An availability of the VVP was investigated based on various user evaluations by surgeons and novices, who executed the given tasks and answered questionnaires. The performances of the SV and VVP were not significantly different; however, the craniovertebral angle of the VVP was 16.35° higher on average than that of the SV. Survey results regarding the VVP were positive; participants indicated that the optimal number of displays was six, preferring the 2 × 3 array. Reflecting the tendencies, the VVP can be a neoconceptual candidate to be customized for medical use, which opens a new prospect in a next-generation surgical robot.
Graphical Abstract
Conversion in languages with different morphological structures: a semantic comparison of English and Czech
Authors: Hledíková Hana , Ševčíková Magda 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis article presents a comparative study of the semantics of conversion between verbs and nouns in two languages with different morphological structures – English and Czech. To make the cross-linguistic comparison of semantic relations possible, a cognitive approach is used to provide conceptual semantic categories applicable within both languages. The semantic categories, based on event schemata introduced by Radden and Dirven (2007) primarily for syntactic description, are applied to data samples of verb–noun conversion pairs in both languages, using a dictionary-based approach. We analyse a corpus sample of 300 conversion pairs of verbs and nouns in each language (e.g., run.v – run.n, pepper.n – pepper.v; běhat ‘run.v’– běh ‘run.n’, pepř ‘pepper.n’ – pepřit ‘pepper.v’) annotated for the semantic relation between the verb and the noun. We analyse which relations appear in the two languages and how often, looking for sizeable differences to answer the question of whether the morphological characteristics of a language influence the semantics of conversion. The analysis of the annotated samples documents that the languages most often employ conversion for the same concepts (namely, instance of action/process and result) and that the range of semantic categories in English and Czech is generally the same, suggesting that the differences in the morphology of the two languages do not affect the range of possible meanings that conversion is employed for. The data also show a difference in the number of types of combinations of multiple semantic relations between the verb and the noun in a single conversion pair, which was found to be larger in English than in Czech, and also in the frequency with which certain individual semantic relations occur, and these differences seem to be at least partially related to the morphological characteristics of Czech and English.
Synthesis of CuO/NaCuSO4 nanocomposite using an aqueous extract of Tribulus Terrestris and their structural, optical, morphology and dielectric studies
Authors: Kalaiyarasi M. , Nivedha M. , Mani M. , Harikrishnan R. , Kumar J. Kishor , Loganathan S. , Kaviyarasu K. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe development of an environment-friendly process for synthesizing nanoparticles in the field of bionanotechnology is growing day-by-day. Increasing drug resistance in microbes has compelled researchers to synthesize biologically active nanoparticles. In this study, we used Tribulus terrestris plant extract to synthesize CuO/NaCuSO4 nanocomposite. The synthesized samples were characterized through functional groups analysis of FTIR and morphological analysis of SEM. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) and ultra-visible light absorbance analysis (UV–vis) were used to find the nanocrystalline nature and bandgap energy of the biosynthesized copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles, respectively. In the metal oxide region of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy the copper oxide nanoparticles were confirmed at 523 cm−1 which showed the nature of plant extracts to control over the reduction and stabilizing of the nanoparticles. The Rietveld refinement analysis yielded unit cell compositions of 53.39% for CuO and 46.61% for NaCuSO4, respectively. The monoclinic structure of CuO was confirmed, and the crystalline size was calculated as 37 nm by XRD analysis. From UV–vis spectroscopy, the absorption peak was observed at 277 and 337 nm, revealing the presence of CuO nanoparticles. In fact, the cluster-like morphology patterns are captured by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and particle sizes were observed around 102 nm. Finally, the dielectric properties of the synthesized copper oxide nanoparticles have been examined and reported in detail.
Pornography and Sexual Dysfunction: Is There Any Relationship?
Authors: Rowland David L. , Cooper Stewart E. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Consensus about whether pornography use affects sexual functioning during partnered sex is lacking. In this review, we explain and define the variables under consideration (pornography use and sexual functioning), briefly elaborate the controversy, and conduct a literature search extending from 2015 to the present using diverse and all-inclusive keywords related to pornography use, problematic pornography use (PPU), and sexual functioning in men and women.

Recent Findings
Twenty-eight studies directly related to the issue were identified, and another 23 studies were used as supporting material (e.g., defining or assessing variables and identifying predictors of PPU). Results were organized into two major sections, beginning with a delineation of methodological issues related to studies on the topic and followed by summaries of studies first on women and men drawn from community samples, and then on women and men drawn from samples defined by excessive, problematic, compulsive, or addictive use of pornography. In general—and consistent with prior reviews on the topic—women were more likely to show positive associations between pornography use and sexual functioning whereas men showed mixed results. Specifically, the analysis demonstrated the diversity of outcomes of pornography use, including how they currently play out differently for women and men and for problematic and non-problematic users, with this latter group—particularly when male—more likely to show mild to moderate negative associations with sexual functioning.

Summary
Claims of a strong relationship between pornography use and sexual dysfunction are generally unfounded, both by the findings of studies and/or by misinterpretations of them. As part of our “Discussion”, we identify the ongoing methodological challenges in this field, unpack the meaning of PPU and how its component constructs might affect sexual functioning, and suggest a path forward that makes better and more systematic use of covariates/constructs related to both PPU components and sexual functioning.
Surgical outcome after thyroidectomy due to Graves’ disease and Lugol iodine treatment: a retrospective register-based cohort study
Authors: Hedberg Fredric , Falhammar Henrik , Calissendorff Jan , Bränström Robert 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between Lugol iodine treatment in a rescue setting and surgical outcomes in Graves’ disease patients.

Methods
The retrospective register-based cohort study included 813 patients who had undergone primary total thyroidectomy with a primary diagnosis of Graves’ disease (ICD-code E05.0) at Karolinska University Hospital in Stockholm, Sweden, between January 2008 and December 2015. Of 813 patients, 33 (4.1%) were given Lugol iodine before surgery and the remaining, the non-Lugol group, did not. The study’s primary outcomes were post-operative calcium treatment day 1, calcium and vitamin D supplements at discharge and follow-up. Secondary outcomes were laryngeal nerve damage and bleeding (defined as re-operation).

Results
Differences were found between the Lugol and non-Lugol groups in the treatment of calcium day 1 (45.5% vs 26.7%, p = 0.018), at discharge (36.4% vs. 16.2%, p = 0.002) and vitamin D supplements at discharge (36.4% vs. 19.1%, p = 0.015) as surrogate variables for hypocalcemia post-operatively. No differences could be seen at 4–6 weeks and six-months follow-up. There were no differences between the Lugol and non-Lugol groups in terms of operation time, laryngeal nerve damage, and bleeding.

Conclusion
Patients in our cohort undergoing thyroidectomy due to Graves’ disease pre-operatively treated with Lugol iodine as a rescue therapy had a higher risk of experiencing short term post-operative hypocalcemia.
When National Origins Equal Socio-economic Background: The Effect of the Ethno-class Parental Background on the Education of Children Coming of Age in Switzerland
Authors: Guichard Eduardo , Chimienti Milena , Bolzman Claudio , Le Goff Jean-Marie 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe educational outcomes of the descendants of migrants are important indicators of migrants’ incorporation into host societies and an indicator of intergenerational social im/mobility. This paper examines this relationship using data from a survey that follows a cohort of young adults, born between 1988 and 1997, who grew up in Switzerland. It looks at the relationship between the educational output of respondents and their parental migratory background, with the theoretical consideration that the family’s social capital is a starting point in the descendants’ trajectories. The paper is based on secondary data and exploratory cross-sectional quantitative analyses. The results highlight first a correspondence between migrant parents’ national origins and their socio-economic status—in other words, an ‘ethno-class’. Second, they show differences in educational outcomes between migrants’ descendants and native Swiss as well as between the migrants’ descendants themselves—which indicates a segmented incorporation process for both the first and the second generation, in confirmation of previous research. Third, results show that parental background and language region of residence are statistically significant in determining the level of education achieved by the migrants’ descendants, especially those with a low socio-economic status. Their social mobility is ‘limited’, and they remain mostly in vocational education. The paper concludes that the Swiss school system still fails to include the most unprivileged and that a glass ceiling remains for them.