bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primary Prevention of Colorectal Cancer Incidence among Omani Adults Population
Authors: Waly Mostafa I , Padmanabhan Smitha , Ali Amanat , Al‐Farsi Yahaya M , AL‐Moundhri Mansour S 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundVarious Western studies have revealed that colorectal cancer (CRC) carcinogenesis is modifiable in accordance to certain dietary factors with potential anticancer properties. Little is known about the change in risk conferred by family history of CRC as a person ages. In Oman, the rate of CRC is increasing dramatically and there are no published reports about the dietary pattern and lifestyle characteristics of CRC among Omani adults.ObjectiveThe current study was attempted to identify different dietary factors that might synergize with sedentary life style in the etiology of CRC in individuals with a family history of the disease.MethodsA cross sectional study included 124 healthy Omani individuals with a Family history of CRC. A detailed family history of CRC was obtained at enrollment, and the retrospective dietary intake of the study subjects was estimated using a semi‐quantitative food frequency questionnaire, and fasting blood samples were drawn to assess their serum levels of B‐vitamins (folate, vitamins B6 and B12), vitamin C, homocysteine (HCY), and oxidative stress markers including glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and nitrites and nitrates (NN).ResultsTaking Omani adults population with family history with CRC as a high risk group; it was observed that they had a lower dietary intake of vitamin C and B‐vitamins as compared to the corresponding recommended dietary allowances. Biochemical analyses revealed depletion of GSH, and an elevation in the serum levels of HCY, MDA, and NN.ConclusionThese results suggest that low intake of B‐vitamins and dietary antioxidants are involved in the etiology of hyperhomocysteinemia and oxidative stress, the typical risk factors for CRC. Clinical practice for subjects with a family history of CRC should be modified to align biochemical analyses with CRC testing.Support or Funding InformationInternal Grant Funding (IG/AGR/FOOD/14/02), College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University
High serum folate concentration increases the mortality risk in patients with stage 1–3 colorectal cancer: a follow‐up study
Authors: Huang Shih‐Chien , Huang Yi‐Chia , Chiang Feng‐Fan , Wang Hwei‐Ming 
Published: November 2023

Although the possible dual role of serum folate in the development and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) has been investigated, the association of serum folate with the survival risk of CRC is not clear. The purpose of this study was to assess the association of serum folate concentration with the mortality of CRC in patients with stage 1–3 CRC after curative tumor resection. This was a follow‐up study. Serum folate and plasma homocysteine concentrations of 137 patients with stage 1–3 CRC after curative tumor resection were measured at baseline and during a median follow‐up time of 1215 days till death (overall mortality) occurred or to the end of the study. Baseline plasma homocysteine concentration had no effect on the mortality of CRC, while high baseline serum folate concentration significantly increased the mortality of CRC after no adjustment or adjustment of potential confounders (hazard ratio, 1.03, 95% CI, 1.01 – 1.06). High serum folate concentration seems to have an adverse effect on patients with stage 1–3 CRC after curative tumor resection.Support or Funding InformationThis study was supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (NSC 101‐2320‐B‐040‐016‐MY3 and MOST 104‐2320‐B‐040‐009‐MY3 and 104‐2320‐B‐040‐009‐MY3).
Diverse bioenergetic profiles of M1/M2 macrophages exposed to anthocyanins and their phenolic metabolites
Authors: Komarnytsky Slavko , Overall John , Wilson Mickey , Esposito Debora 
Published: November 2023

Differentiation of monocytes occurs at the site of inflammation into the pro‐inflammatory (M1, glycolytic) or anti‐inflammatory (M2, oxidative) phenotype. Chronic disorders associated with low‐grade inflammatory responses are characterized by presence of pro‐inflammatory mediators that induce the recruitment and activation of predominantly M1 macrophages in the metabolically active tissues. In this study, we show that anthocyanin‐treated macrophages developed a distinct metabolic profile with respect to glycolysis versus oxidative phosphorylation, in part by increasing spare respiratory capacity and therefore shifting to mitochondria as their main source of ATP. Decreased glycolysis in anthocyanin‐treated macrophages was accompanied by decrease in 2‐NBDG deoxyglucose uptake and expression changes of Glut‐1, Hk‐1, and Hk‐2 proteins involved in transmembrane glucose transport. Different effects exerted by individual anthocyanins suggested that the presence of the methylated hydroxyls on the B ring might be critical for their greater biological activity. Numerous anthocyanin metabolites significantly reduced various cytokine and chemokine biomarkers of inflammation, with syringic and ferulic acids producing the greatest effects. Similar effects were observed in the murine gastrointestinal and mesenteric adipose tissues exposed to portal circulation. These data clearly indicate that exposure of macrophages to anthocyanins and their metabolites changes cellular bioenergetics in these cells and may be partially responsible for changes in their biological function in response to chronic metabolic stress.Support or Funding InformationThis work was supported in part by NCSU Research and Innovation grant 2012–2246 (SK); University Global Partnership Network (UGPN) grant 2015 (SK); Plants for Human Health Institute grant 429350–42567 (SK); and Cell Culture and Phenotyping Core of the Plants for Human Health Institute, NC State University.
Allelic Variations in the Gene for Glutathione Peroxidase‐1 Differentially Affect Cell Migration as well as the Levels of pAkT and E‐Cadherin
Authors: Ekoue Dede N , Bera Soumen , Ansong Emmanuel , Hart Peter , Verduzco Fernando Magdaleno , Bonini Marcelo , Diamond Alan M 
Published: November 2023

Glutathione peroxidase‐1 (GPx‐1) has been implicated in the risk of several diseases, including cancer, by genetic data indicating associations between allelic variations in the GPx‐1 gene and risk of disease. Two common variations are the codon 198 polymorphism that results in either a leucine (L) or proline (P) and the number of alanine repeat codons in the 5′‐end of the coding sequence. The combination of these variations affects the distribution of GPx‐1 between the mitochondria and cytoplasm and we have previously shown that both sequence and cellular location have a profound impact on its GPx‐1 function. To elucidate whether these variations in the GPx‐1 gene affect levels of signaling proteins implicated in cancer, GPx‐1A5P and GPx‐1A7L allelic variants were ectopically expressed in GPx‐1 null MCF‐7 human breast cancer cells and the levels of the anti‐oxidant stress response regulator Nrf2, the cell adhesion protein E‐Cadherin, the cell signaling protein pAkt, the anti‐apoptotic protein Bcl‐2 and the mitochondrial deacetylase Sirt3 were examined. Expression of GPx‐1A5P resulted in a 3‐fold decrease in E‐Cadherin while, in contrast, a 2‐fold increase in pAkt was observed with GPx‐1A7L expression. The expression of either GPx‐1 allele resulted in decreased Bcl‐2 levels compared to that seen in MCF‐7 control cells. While the levels of Nrf2 and Sirt3 were unchanged, ectopically expressing Sirt3 in HEPG2 human hepatocellular carcinoma cells resulted in a 2‐fold increase in GPx activity, indicating that GPx‐1 compartmentalization is likely to affect its cellular activity by impacting its availability for Sirt3 deacetylation. To determine whether GPx‐1A5P and GPx‐1A7L genotypes differentially affect cell migration, a transwell migration assay was performed and GPx‐1A5P transfectants were more migratory when compared to GPx‐1A7L and MCF‐7 control cells. These data expand upon the previously reported differences in the consequences of the expression of distinct GPx‐1 alleles in this model system.Support or Funding InformationThis research was supported by the National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number R21CA182103 awarded to AMD and DNE.
Folate Intake and Plasma Folate Concentration in Korean Adults
Authors: Cho Youn‐Ok , Kim Young‐Nam , Hwang Ji Hyeon 
Published: November 2023

The purposes of this study were to determine folate intakes and plasma folate concentration and to evaluate folate status of Korean adults. Two hundred fifty‐four healthy adults (68 men and 186 women), aged 20–64 years, were recruited in the Seoul and metropolitan area, Gumi, and Kwangju, South Korea, from 2009 to 2011. Three consecutive 24‐hour recalls, information on folate supplementation, and fasting blood samples were collected from the subjects. The dietary and total (dietary plus supplemental) folate intake was 522.79 μg DEF/day and 582.37 μg DEF/day respectively. Folate intake of men was significantly higher than the intake of women (p<0.01). Approximately 16% of the subjects consumed total folate less than the Estimated Average Requirement. Plasma folate concentration was 26.97 nmol/L. Plasma folate of women was significantly higher than that of men. Total folate intake was significantly positively correlated to plasma folate concentration (r=0.32866, p<0.0001). Only 6 % of the Korean adults had plasma folate less than 6.8 nmol/L indicating a folate deficiency. In conclusion, folate intakes of Korean adults were generally adequate with Korean Dietary Reference Intakes for folate. Folate status was also adequate based on plasma folate concentration.Support or Funding InformationSupported by 2015 research fund of National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF‐2011‐0021273).
Acceptability of a Fortified Atole Among Guatemalan Children who Attend Six Casa Del Niño Day Care Centers, and the Effects on Linear Growth and Hemoglobin Status
Authors: Villanueva Lisa M. , Norton Sharon A , Palacios Ana M , Reinhart Gregory A 
Published: November 2023

A corn and soy atole fortified with 21 vitamins and minerals, including higher levels of iron and zinc than other locally available options, has been provided to children from 6–84 months of age attending 6 Sociedad Protectora del Niño day care centers in Guatemala since August of 2013. Trained staff prepared and fed the children one serving consisting of 18.75g (~one tablespoon) of dry product mixed with 8 oz of water, brought to a boil and served as a warm beverage 5 days per week throughout the year. The objectives of this study were to assess the changes in mean height for age Z‐scores (HAZ) and hemoglobin (Hb) after 21 months of intervention, and to quantify the amount of atole consumed by the children on two different non‐consecutive days. Children were followed‐up for anthropometry and Hb every 6 months. To evaluate the amount of atole that children consumed, a waste study was performed in 3 randomly selected nurseries, on two non‐consecutive days, using graduated cylinders and food scales to measure the amount of atole prepared and not consumed. Multivariate mixed model analyses were performed to evaluate changes over time in Z‐scores and Hb. Mean Hb improved on average of 0.5g/dL throughout the intervention (t=11.43, df=1761.15, p<0.001). Mean HAZ improved significantly in those children with HAZ<‐2 SD at baseline, showing an average monthly increase of ~0.03 SD, (t=6.15, df=1324, p<0.001) over the course of the intervention. The waste study indicated that children consumed 98.5% of the served beverage/day. This micronutrient intervention is effective in improving Hb concentrations and a significant effect in the improvement in HAZ among stunted children was also noted. The product is highly acceptable to children, making this fortified atole a good alternative to address chronic undernutrition in similar institutions in Guatemala and other Central American countries where atole consumption is a common habit and practice.Support or Funding InformationThis program was sponsored by The Mathile Institute for the Advancement of Human Nutrition
CALCIUM NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF SCHOOL CHILDREN IN NORTHWEST MEXICO: DIET AND URINARY EXCRETION
Authors: GRIJALVA‐HARO MARIA ISABEL , Zazueta‐Valenzuela Maryan Kazandra , Vargas‐Tequida Bianca , Nieblas‐Almada Amparo , Gonzàlez‐Siqueiros Luis Enrique , Ponce Josè Antonio 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionCalcium intake by schoolchildren is important for growth and bone mineralization, making it necessary to meet the recommended daily intake. Sonora diet includes low dietary calcium intake and components that could affect the calcium metabolism, as fiber and phytate, who prevents its absorption, and high consumption of sodium, phosphorus, caffeine, and protein, which increase calcium urinary losses.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the nutritional status of calcium in Hermosillo school children, based on calcium intake and urinary calcium excretion, and dietary factors associated with their metabolism.MethodsWeight and height were measured. A calcium intake adapted food frequency questionnaire (CFCA‐Ca) was applied in 226 schoolchildren from 6 to 8 years old. Random urine samples were collected (one sample per child). Calcium and creatinine were determined by atomic absorption and Randox commercial kit respectively.ResultsIt was found out that the average daily calcium intake is 836 mg, which covers the 800 mg recommended intake at this age. However, poor calcium intake in 52% of children was found, with an average of 656 mg Ca/d, as a high consumption of dietary components that interfere with calcium metabolism. Calcium excretion ranged from 0.12 to 11 mg/dL, and from 5.75 to 446 mg/dL for creatinine, obtaining an average ratio of Ca/Cr of 0.04, which is considered low. Two hypercalciuria cases were detected (Ca/Cr>0.21). Negative associations of urinary calcium excretion with fiber, phytates and sodium intake, as well as positive associations with animal and total protein intake was found. Inadequate calcium intake and high consumption of dietary factors that inhibit absorption, contribute to the deficiency of this nutrient in Hermosillo children, that to be consistent, this population would be prone to growth deficit, suffer rickets or osteoporosis future.
Comparison of Methods to Assess Consumption of Micronutrient Powders (MNP) Among Young Children in Nepal
Authors: Ngeno Bernadette , Perrine Cria , Subedi Giri , Mebrahtu Saba , Dahal Pradiumna , Jefferds Maria Elena 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundAssessing micronutrient powder (MNP) consumption is a key component of monitoring program performance; there is no gold standard for assessing MNP consumption in publichealth program settings.ObjectiveTo compare estimates of MNP consumption among young children assessed by maternal reportversus observation of unopened MNP sachets in the household.MethodsCross‐sectional household cluster surveys representative of children 6–23 months were conductedto assess an integrated infant and young child feeding and MNP pilot project inNepal. Mothers were given sixty sachets of MNP and instructed to give the childone sachet daily. Consumption of MNP was assessed by asking the mother toreport number of MNP sachets consumed and by observation of unused MNP sachetsin the household. Mothers who reported the child consumed 60 sachets were stillasked to show any remaining sachets. If none were shown, 0 sachets wererecorded. Among mothers who received 60 MNP sachets ≥2 months beforethe assessment, 205 mothers reported that the child did not consume all MNPsachets received, but did not show the remaining MNP sachets. The remaining 605children had maternal report of MNP consumption and valid data for observationof unopened MNP sachets including zero. Directly observed difference (DOD) ofMNP consumption was calculated by subtracting the number of observed unopened sachets from 60 sachets. We assessed the median difference, Spearman correlation coefficient, end digit preference, and categories of consumption ofDOD and maternal report of use.ResultsMedian MNP consumption was 51.0 sachets by DOD and 57.0 sachets by maternal report. Median difference between DOD and maternal report of MNP consumed was 6.0 sachets; the correlation coefficient was 0.91. Among mothers, 68% and 6% reported the number of consumed MNP sachets ending with 0 and 5, respectively, whereas by DOD, 70% and 4% ended with 0 and 5, respectively. When we excluded children whose consumption of MNP was 60 sachets by either method, 16.9% and 8% reported the number of consumed MNP sachets ending with 0 and 5, respectively, whereas by DOD, 14.2% and 6.1% ended with 0 and 5, respectively. With MNP consumption grouped into 0–14 sachets, 15–29 sachets, 30–44 sachets, and 45–60 sachets, the percent categorized into the same groupings by the DOD and maternal reported consumption was 100%, 80.6%, 80.7% and 91.2% respectively.ConclusionsHad the observation of the unused sachets been used aloneto assess MNP consumption, it would not have been possible to assess intake ofMNP for approximately 20% of children who had received MNP. Estimates ofMNP consumption by DOD and maternal report were similar.
Calcium effect on gene expression of proteins involved on iron absorption by Caco 2 cells
Authors: Mejía Julián Herrera , Builes Wildeman Zapata , Charry Diego Alejandro Gaitán 
Published: November 2023

Calcium is the only dietary factor that affects both non‐heme and heme iron absorption in humans. Mechanisms behind this effect are not elucidated. An hypothesis is that calcium may modify gene expression of proteins involved in iron absorption. An interesting experimental model for evaluating this effect is the human cell line Caco‐2, which is easy to use and produces results that strongly correlate with the absorption of iron in humansObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of calcium on expression of proteins involved on both heme, and non‐hemeiron absorption by Caco‐2 cells.MethodologyCaco‐2 cells were seeded by 1h in a 2 μM de iron solution (ferrous sulfate) and calcium (chloride); calcium: iron molar ratios 0:1 to 1000:1. Iron absorption was determined by ferritin method, and gene expression by qRT‐PCR. Changes in ferritin and gene expression were reported as increment respect to a control (calcium: iron molar ratio=0:1). Differences between experimental conditions were evaluated by a one‐way ANOVA test; p<0.05 was considered significant.ResultsCalcium does not affect iron absorption. Calcium increases genes involved in non‐heme iron uptake: DcytB (p=0.003), and DMT1 (p=0.016). Otherwise, calcium decreases genes involved in heme iron uptake: HCP1 (p=0.002), and HMOX‐1 (p=0.012). Expression of FPN gene (efflux protein for both heme, and non‐heme iron) decreased by calcium exposition (p<0.0001).ConclusionThe calcium effect of calcium on expression of gene involved on heme, and non‐heme iron uptake is opposite. Nevertheless, it decreases FPN expression which is the only protein involved on two iron types efflux from the enterocytes. This effect may explained the negative effect of calcium on iron absorption previously described in humans.Support or Funding InformationCODI, Universidad de Antioquia.Corporación Vidarium, Centro de Investigación en Nutrición Salud y Bienestar.
Effects of dietary strawberries on inflammatory biomarkers in participants with abdominal obesity and dyslipidemia
Authors: BASU ARPITA , FOSTER MEGAN , BETTS NANCY , NGUYEN ANGEL , FU DONGXU , LYONS TIMOTHY 
Published: November 2023

Dietary flavonoid intake, especially berry flavonoids, has been associated with anti‐inflammatory effects in experimental models, though supporting clinical studies are a few in number. We examined the hypothesis that freeze‐dried strawberries (FDS) improve inflammatory biomarkers in adults with abdominal adiposity and elevated serum lipids. In a randomized dose‐response controlled trial, 60 volunteers [5 men and 55 women; age: 49 ± 10 years; BMI: 36 ± 5 kg/m2 (mean±SD)] were assigned to one of the following arms: low dose FDS (LD‐FDS) (25g/d), low dose control (LD‐C), high dose FDS (HD‐FDS) (50g/d), and high dose control (HD‐C) beverages for 12 weeks. Control beverages were matched for calories and total fiber. Serum levels of interleukins (IL) (−1β, −6 and −18), nitrite and adiponectin were examined at screening (0 week) and after 12 weeks intervention. At 12 weeks, serum nitrite was significantly lower (P<0.05), and IL‐6 levels tended to be lower in HD‐FDS vs. LD‐FDS, as well as vs. HD‐C (P<0.1). No differences were noted in serum IL‐1β, IL‐18 and adiponectin following FDS intervention. Thus, dietary strawberries may selectively lower inflammatory biomarkers that influence risk factors of chronic diseases in obese adults.Support or Funding InformationFunding: California Strawberry Commission & OSU Dean's Research Incentive
The Effects of Dietary Cocoa Powder on Inflammatory Markers and Catalase Activity in Participants with Type 2 Diabetes Following a Fast Food Style Meal Challenge
Authors: Foster Megan , Betts Nancy , Fu Dongxu , Lyons Timothy , Basu Arpita 
Published: November 2023

Dietary polyphenols, such as those in cocoa, have been shown to counteract chronic inflammation in animal models as well as in clinical studies. However, limited data exist on the role of dietary cocoa on postprandial inflammation and oxidative stress. Using a randomized placebo‐controlled crossover trial, we investigated the postprandial effects of a cocoa beverage (960 mg total polyphenols) vs. placebo in participants with type 2 diabetes (n=18; age (mean±SE): 56±3y; BMI: 35.3±2.0 kg/m2; 14 women; 4 men) following a high‐fat meal challenge. Blood draws were conducted at fasting, 30 minutes, 1, 2, 4, and 6 hours of the postprandial phase. We measured selected markers of inflammation and catalase enzyme activity at these time points using the quantitative sandwich enzyme immunoassay technique, as well as non‐enzymatic colorimetric assays. Interleukin‐18 (IL‐18) was shown to be significantly lower at 1, 4, and 6 hours, while catalase activity was lower at 1 hour postprandially after cocoa vs. placebo supplementation (all p<0.05). No significant effects were noted in interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), adiponectin, and nitrite concentrations between the two treatments. Thus, cocoa polyphenols may exert modest effects in reducing postprandial inflammation and in modulating catalase activity in type 2 diabetes.Support or Funding InformationThe Hershey Company & OSU Dean's Research Incentive Award