bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation of PD-1 and PD-L1 expression in oral leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma; immunohistochemical study
Authors: L.R. Greeshma L.R. Dr. Greeshma , Joseph Anna P Joseph Dr. Anna P , Sivakumar T. T. Sivakumar Dr.T.T. , Pillai Varun Raghavan Pillai Dr.Varun Raghavan , Vijayakumar Gopikrishnan Vijayakumar Dr.Gopikrishnan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The programmed cell death protein (PD-1)/ programmed cell death protein ligand (PD- L1) pathway and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen are the most important co-stimulatory molecules that play a key role in the negative regulation of T cells during carcinogenesis. We aimed to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 in oral leukoplakia and squamous cell carcinoma compared with normal oral mucosa. Twenty-five cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma, oral leukoplakia and normal oral mucosa tissue specimens were immunohistochemically stained to assess PD-1 and PD-L1 expression. The PD-L1 positivity of subepithelial TAFs (p<0.001) increased with increasing grades of oral leukoplakia. Pearson’s correlation indicated a high positive correlation between the PD-L1 labelling index of epithelial tumour cells and the PD-1 labelling index of tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (p-value: 0.005) in OSCC. A high positive correlation was noted between the H-score of PD-L1 positive tumour epithelial cells and the H-score of PD-1 positive tumour infiltrating lymphocytes in OSCC (p-value: 0.001). PD-L1 positivity increased in dysplastic epithelial cells from premalignant lesions to malignancy.The sub-epithelial PD-L1 positive TAFs were higher in oral leukoplakia compared to OSCC inferring that PD-L1 positivity in TAFs decreased with malignant transformation. The PD-1 positivity in TILs was higher in oral leukoplakia than in OSCC.
Improved two-frequency temporal phase unwrapping method in fringe projection profilometry
Authors: LIU JINTAO , PENG XU , SHUO SHAN , WEN ZHANG , LI ZE , JIANHUA WANG 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In three-dimensional (3D) measurement using fringe projection profilometry (FPP), noise introduced by the camera during fringe capture can cause phase errors in the reconstructed results, affecting the accuracy of the 3D measurements. The two-frequency temporal phase unwrapping method is widely used due to its high efficiency. However, the use of only two fringe patterns in this method leads to reduced noise immunity and an increased phase error. Many researchers have focused on improving the two-frequency method, but little attention has been paid to enhancing its noise immunity. In this article, we propose a novel two-frequency phase unwrapping method. Firstly, we analyze the phase errors of the traditional 4fh + 4fl two-frequency method and our proposed method in detail. Then, the feasibility of our proposed method is demonstrated through multiple sets of experimental results. Finally, we provide solutions to the problems encountered in our proposed method. Through experiments, our proposed method reduces the phase error by 75.90% and 91.39% relative to the traditional 4fh + 4fl method, in metal object and gypsum board experiments, respectively. The experimental results show that our proposed method significantly improves the reliability of phase unwrapping and reduces phase errors, thus enhancing the accuracy of 3D reconstruction.
Impaired Sensitivity to Thyroid Hormones is Associated with High Insulin Resistance Levels in the Euthyroid Chinese Population
Authors: Cui Ruixiang , Wei Ying , Liu Jia , Wang Ying , Wang Guang 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background: The association between thyroid hormones sensitivity and insulin resistance (IR) remains unknown. This study was designed to analyze the relationship between sensitivity to thyroid hormones and IR stratified by different levels of obesity.
Methods: 32478 euthyroid participants were included and they were divided into three groups according to the body mass index (BMI): normal weight (n=20200), overweight (n=10178) and obesity (n=2100). We used The Thyroid Feedback Quantile-based Index (TFQI), The TSH Index (TSHI), the Thyrotrophic T4 Resistance Index (TT4RI) to represent thyroid hormones sensitivity and used Triglyceride-Glucose (TyG) Index, the Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP), The Metabolic Score for Insulin Resistance (METS-IR) to represent IR. The association between thyroid hormones sensitivity and IR were analyzed by linear regression and logistic regression.
Results: Linear regression analysis revealed that TFQI, TSHI and TT4RI were positively associated with TyG, AIP and METS-IR. Logistic regression showed that in the normal weight group, the odds ratios (ORs) for having high TyG in the highest quartiles of the TFQI, TSHI, and TT4RI were 1.430 (95% CI: 1.288,1.587); 1.537 (95% CI: 1.388,1.703); 1.518 (95% CI: 1.370,1.682) respectively (all p<0.001) compared with the lowest quartiles of the TFQI, TSHI, and TT4RI; In the overweight group, the ORs for having high TyG in the highest quartiles of the TFQI, TSHI, and TT4RI were 1.269 (95% CI:1.104,1.459); 1.363 (95% CI:1.186,1.566); 1.353 (95% CI:1.177,1.555) respectively (all p< 0.001); In the obesity group, the ORs for having high TyG in the highest quartiles of the TFQI, TSHI, and TT4RI were 1.298 (95% CI:0.951,1.774) (p=0.101); 1.454 (95% CI:1.065,1.989) (p=0.05); 1.455 (95% CI:1.066,1.991) (p=0.05) respectively. AIP and METS-IR yielded roughly similar results.
Conclusion: In euthyroid adults, reduced sensitivity to thyroid hormones was associated with high levels of IR. Our study provides insight for further exploring the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome as well as guidance for its treatment.
Will Natural Compounds Fill the Chemotherapeutic Gap in the Mitigation of Chagas Disease? A Mechanistic Perspective at Atomisitc Level
Authors: Okunlola Felix Oladele , Asuquo Andem Winnie , Paul-Odeniran Kehinde Foluke , Opayinka Oluwaseun Dorcas , Adetuyi Babatunde Oluwafemi , Odelade Kehinde Abraham , Oyebamiji Abel Kolawole , Alzaylaee Hind , Batiha Gaber El-Saber 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background Trypanosoma cruzi, the parasite that causes Chagas disease, spreads to humans and animals through insect vectors that are only found in the Americas, primarily in the impoverished rural areas of Latin America. Up to 8 million individuals in Mexico, Central America, and South America are estimated to be infected with Chagas disease, the majority of whom are unaware of their condition. Infection is a chronic and potentially fatal condition if left untreated. Drugs that are currently on the market were empirically developed more than three decades ago. Purpose As a result, they frequently have severe side effects and low efficacy, especially in the common chronic form of the condition. Hence, this has resulted in searching for alternative therapeutic options to control this disease, and natural products could be explored to this effect. Method We employed molecular dynamics simulation and binding energy analyses to decipher and unravel the mechanistic inhibitory potential of five selected natural compounds as potential inhibitors of T. cruzi glucokinase for treating Chagas disease as an alternative therapy. Results The results revealed that CPD3 (ZINC 000002345225) displayed the highest binding activity, with a total binding energy of -35.16 kcal/mol, compared to other compounds. The PRED approach identified crucial moieties of CPD3 and several molecular interactions prominent in its binding activity, such as Hydrogen Bond, Alkyl, and Pi-Alkyl. ASN 308, GLY 306, LEU 187, THR 185, GLY 184, and ALA 182 played significant roles in the effective binding activity of CPD3, as evidenced in their steady complementary multiple interactions exhibited throughout the simulation period. In this study, we recommend CPD3 as a promising lead compound that can further promote more experimental investigations for the design of drugs for Chagas disease, thereby addressing the limitations of current therapy options. Conclusion These results showed that natural compounds could be potential candidates against the inhibition of T. cruzi glucokinase for treating Chagas disease as an alternative therapy.
Positive association between hearing impairment and obesity in adults aged 20 years and older in US:Data from the 2015-2016 National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES)
Authors: Cao Yiwen , Zhang Jipeng , Feng Rui 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background: People are exposed to noise sources, diseases or accidents in their daily work and life, resulting in different degrees of hearing damage. On the basis of previous studies on hearing impairment caused by obesity, we put forward the opposite hypothesis. What is the relationship between hearing impairment and the incidence of obesity?
Objective: We analyzed the relationship between hearing status and obesity in order to make some suggestions for people who are obese due to hearing impairment.
Materials and methods: In this study, 4391 adults aged 20 and above were randomly selected from the 2015-2016 National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES), including 2149 males and 2242 females, with an average age of 49.43±17.590 The Count variables were tested by Chi-square test, and measurement variables were tested by Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test. Hearing impairment as an independent variable, obesity as a dependent variable. Binary Logistic regression analysis was performed on the above variables.
Results: After excluding confounding factors, the odds ratio (OR) of hearing impairment and obesity was 1.100 (95%CI:1.030-1.174, P<0.01).
Conclusion: Hearing impairment is a risk factor for obesity. The higher the degree of hearing impairment, the higher the risk of obesity.
Differences in Neuropathology Between Nitroglycerin-Induced Mouse Models of Episodic and Chronic Migraine
Authors: Park songyi , Jung Harry , Han Sang-Won , Lee Sang-Hwa , Sohn Jong-Hee 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Multiple animal models of migraine have been used in the development of new therapies. The transformation from episodic migraine (EM) to chronic migraine (CM) is not fully understood but warrants differentiation. We established mouse models mimicking EM and CM pain, then assessed neuropathological differences between the two types of migraine.
Methods
EM and CM models were generated with either a single injection of 10 mg/kg nitroglycerin (NTG) or five injections over 9 days, respectively. Saline with the same amount of propylene glycol was used as the vehicle control (VEH). Mechanical hypersensitivity was assessed using the von Frey filament test. Immunofluorescence analyses were performed using c-Fos, NeuN, and Iba1 as markers. Proinflammatory (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) and anti-inflammatory (IL-4 and IL-10) markers were analyzed. Neuropeptides (CGRP, VIP, PACAP, and substance P) were assessed.
Results
Mechanical thresholds were similar in NTG-injected EM and CM models. Notable neuropathological distinctions were observed in the spinal trigeminal nucleus caudalis (Sp5C) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). The ACC showed increased levels of c-Fos and NeuN expression in CM (p < 0.001), but these levels were unchanged in EM. Conversely, the Sp5C showed higher c-Fos and NeuN expression in EM (p < 0.001) than in CM. Iba1 expression was increased in the Sp5C of EM mice and ACC of CM mice (p < 0.001). Proinflammatory markers, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, were strongly expressed in the Sp5C of EM mice and ACC of CM mice. Neuropeptide analysis revealed that CGRP expression was elevated in both the Sp5C and ACC of both models compared with the VEH group; expression was higher in the CM model. VIP exhibited higher levels in the Sp5C of EM mice and ACC of CM mice, whereas PACAP and substance P were predominantly expressed in the Sp5C in both EM and CM models.
Conclusions
Although mechanical thresholds were similar, distinctive neuropathological differences were observed in the Sp5C and ACC regions between EM and CM models. These findings suggest that these differences contribute to the transformation from EM to CM.
Boys don’t cry? Views of young people with lived experience of mental health problems from Pakistan and India: An exploratory qualitative study
Authors: Hamdani Syed Usman , Huma Zill-e- , Chakrabarti Bhismadev , Zafar Syeda Wajeeha , Gillani Ayella , Bagrodia Vaishali , Jones Amy Finlay 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Meaningful involvement of young People with Lived Experience (PWLE) in co-designing youth mental health interventions has been much emphasized globally. However, there is a scarcity of evidence on involving PWLE of mental health problems in designing, implementing and evaluating mental health interventions, especially in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs). The aim of the current study was to understand the perspectives of young PWLE from two South Asian countries, Pakistan and India, regarding “Active Ingredients” (AIs) for youth mental health (i.e., components or processes of mental health intervention(s) that make a difference to mental health outcomes), as part of the Wellcome Trust AI Commission.
Methods
We conducted 30 qualitative interviews via Zoom with young PWLE from Pakistan (n = 19) and India (n = 11) to explore their views about different AIs for youth anxiety and depression in South Asia. The qualitative data was analysed using a thematic analysis approach that moved through the phases of familiarization, generation of codes, searching, identification and review of themes and selection of illustrative quotes.
Results
The results show that family and religion are integral to promoting positive youth mental health in the South Asian context. The AIs perceived to be most relevant for Pakistani and Indian young people were (i) improving social relationships; (ii) managing emotions; and (iii) relaxation techniques. Participants highlighted the need to explore the role of family support, personal space, spirituality/religion, schools, mental health literacy and stigma as potential AIs of mental health for young people in South Asia. The need for ease of access to mental health support and minimizing barriers to engagement with mental health services were highlighted as important contextual factors.
Conclusions
The current study highlights specific intervention components and contextual considerations that are important to Indian and Pakistani young PWLE when designing and delivering mental health interventions to prevent and treat anxiety and depression. Our findings underscore the need to work with young PWLE and consider their context, culture, and resources when developing or evaluating mental health interventions.
Perceived stress and mobile phone addiction among Chinese undergraduate nursing students: The mediating role of organisational caring climate and self-control
Authors: Du Juan , Wu Chao , Yin Xinmin , Zheng Wenkai , Wei Xinting , Chen Qian , Heng Chun-Ni , Ji Yanbo , Lang Hongjuan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background: The rapid development of digital technology has fuelled the widespread use of various electronic devices in daily life, particularly, mobile phones. However, the alarming rise in problematic mobile phone use poses a threat to healthcare professionals’ clinical practice, resulting in adverse physiological, psychological, and social effects.
Methods: Between February and May 2023, 900 Chinese nursing graduate students from ten colleges completed questionnaires, resulting in a response rate of 98.47%. The questionnaires covered general demographics, perceived stress, organizational climate, self-control, and mobile phone addiction tendency. The data were analysed using SPSS23.0 and macro PROCESS.
Results: (1) Perceived stress among undergraduate nursing students positively correlated with mobile addiction (r=0.362, P<0.01) and negatively correlated with organisational caring climate and self-control (r = -0.162, -0.515, P<0.01). Organisational caring climate positively correlated with self-control (r=0.152,P < 0.01) and negatively correlated with mobile phone addiction (r =-0.156, P < 0.01). Self-control negatively correlated with mobile phone addiction (r = -0.468, P < 0.01). (2) Perceived stress indirectly influenced mobile addiction through three paths: the independent mediating effect of organisational caring climate, the independent mediating effect of self-control, and the chain mediating effect of organizational caring climate and self-control.
Conclusions: Greater perception of an organisational caring climate among graduate nursing students enhances their self-control abilities, facilitating effective stress management and mitigating the negative impact of mobile phone addiction on the clinical practice of healthcare professionals.
Proximate composition, sensory evaluation, physical properties, mineral content and amino acid profile of nori-like product from Ulva lactuca and Gracilaria
Authors: Sinurat Ellya , Sihono Sihono , Fateha Fateha , Supriyanto Agus , Suryaningrum Th Dwi , Nurhayati Nurhayati , Fransiska Dina , Utomo Bagus S.B. , Sedayu Bakti Berlyanto , Waryanto Waryanto 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Nori is a dried edible seaweed sheet made fromPorphyra, a genus of red algae that thrives primarily in subtropical waters. Nori-like products have been developed from tropical seaweed species, but they are still considered undesirable due to their astringent taste and lower protein content compared to the original nori. This investigation aimed to produce a nori-like product by utilizing a combination of locally sourced seaweedsUlva lactucaandGracilariawith the addition of anchovy flour to enhance its protein content. To obtain the optimal formulation of the product, we employed a design expert application to analyze sensory data collected from a hedonic scale assessment involving 25 trained panelists. We evaluated sensory characteristics, including appearance, aroma, texture, taste, and overall satisfaction. Additionally, we considered parameters such as crispness and color to determine the nori-like product quality. The best-selected product, determined through sensory evaluation, underwent further analysis of its proximate and amino acids profile, as well as mineral content. The results were compared to those of commercial nori fromPorphyra. The highest-quality product was found to be the nori-like product with a formula consisting of 25.40%Ulva lactuca, 7.98%Gracilaria, 1.5% glycerol, and 4.12% anchovy.
Oral Health-Related Quality of Life among People Living with HIV and HIV-negative adults in Kigali, Rwanda: a comparative cross-sectional study
Authors: Murererehe Julienne , Malele-Kolisa Yolanda , Niragire Francois , Yengopal Veerasamy 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Assessing health-related quality of life has become integral to people living with HIV (PLHIV) follow-up. However, there is a lack of data regarding the impact of oral health on quality of life, known as Oral Health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among PLHIV compared to HIV-negative individuals in Rwanda.
Aim
The study aimed to assess OHRQoL among PLHIV compared to HIV-negative counterparts in Kigali, Rwanda.
Methods
The Oral Health Impact Profile short version (OHIP-14) questionnaire was interviewer-administered to 200 PLHIV and 200 HIV-negative adults (≥ 18 years old) at an HIV clinic of Kigali Teaching Hospital (CHUK). A 4-point Likert scale was used to assess the frequency of oral impacts for all 7 domains. The descriptive statistics were used to see frequencies and percentages of OHRQoL among PLHIV and HIV-negative persons, respectively. The Chi-square test was used to determine the association of OHRQoL with caries (DMFT) and periodontal disease (CPITN) among PLHIV compared to HIV-negative individuals.
Results
The results revealed a higher prevalence of PLHIV with poor OHRQoL than HIV-negative individuals in all items of OHIP-14 except for OHIP 3 (found it uncomfortable to eat any foods because of problems with teeth or mouth) and OHIP-14 (being totally unable to function because of problems with teeth or mouth). The findings showed statistically significant results (p≤0.05) for the OHIP1 item “trouble pronouncing any word,” with a prevalence of 11(2.5%) and 9(2.25%) in PLHIV and HIV-negative, respectively. Also, PLHIV had significantly higher prevalence11(2.75%) for the OHIP 13 item “life not satisfying due to teeth and mouth problems compared to HIV-negative individuals 8(2%) p≤0.05. Moreover, dental caries was significantly associated with poor OHRQoL among PLHIV and HIV-negative adults and for all 14 items of OHIP tool. Unexpectedly, periodontal disease was not significantly associated with OHRQoL among PLHIV and HIV-negative adults.
Conclusion
This study revealed poor OHRQoL among PLHIV compared to HIV-negative adults. There is a need for oral health programs to improve the OHRQoL in Rwanda, especially among PLHIV. It is essential to include oral health care as one of the components of the medical health care programs for PLHIV in Rwanda.
Metadata recommendations for light logging and dosimetry datasets
Authors: Spitschan Manuel , Hammad Grégory , Blume Christine , Schmidt Christina , Skene Debra J. , Wulff Katharina , Santhi Nayantara , Münch Mirjam 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This article introduces a comprehensive metadata descriptor aimed at capturing crucial metadata information within personalized light exposure datasets. This metadata descriptor fills a critical gap in the field of personalized light exposure research by promoting standardized documentation of light exposure metadata. Light exposure profoundly impacts human physiology and behaviour, playing a central role in regulating the circadian system and influencing various physiological processes. As research on the real-world effects of light exposure gains momentum through the development of wearable sensors and light-logging technologies incorporating digital health approaches, there is a need to harmonize and standardize data collection and documentation across diverse studies and settings. The metadata descriptor was collaboratively developed by an international team of experts through a scoping exercise and synchronous discussions. It covers study-level, participant-level, dataset-level, and device-level metadata. The structure of the descriptor was designed to be modular, allowing for future expansions and customizations. The metadata descriptor comprises four main domains: study-level information, participant-level information, dataset-level information, and device-level information. Each domain includes specific metadata fields, ensuring comprehensive documentation of the data collection process. The metadata descriptor is available in JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) format, facilitating both human and machine readability. A user-friendly web interface has been developed for generating compliant JSON files, making it accessible to a wide range of users. The descriptor follows versioning principles to accommodate future updates and improvements. Following a description of the latest version, the article outlines several future directions for the metadata descriptor, including validation in real-world settings, independent evaluation, community-driven development, implementation in multiple software languages, and endorsement by scientific organizations. Integration with data repositories and platforms is also essential for streamlining data management and sharing. The metadata descriptor adheres to FAIR data principles, ensuring data is findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable. Researchers are encouraged to adopt this descriptor to enhance the quality and utility of their light dosimetry datasets, ultimately advancing our understanding of the non-visual effects of light in real-world contexts.