bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contrasting effects of plant and animal residue biochars on soil health, carbon stability, and crop yield
Authors: Sapkota Sundar , Ghimire Rajan , Brewer Catherine E. , Fernando Shermal 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose
Agricultural residues have the potential to be used for biochar production and utilization as a soil amendment. However, the decomposition dynamics of plant and animal residue biochar and their impacts on soil health and carbon (C) stability have not been well studied. This study evaluated soil health, crop productivity, greenhouse gas emissions, and C mineralization kinetics after amendment with agricultural residue biochar.

Methods
Biochar derived from cattle manure (CM), hemp wood (HW), and pecan wood (PW) were applied in soil at 1% w/w, and sorghum was cultivated for three months in greenhouse pots. Soils from the pot experiment were subsequently incubated in the laboratory for three months, and decomposition data were fitted to C mineralization kinetic models.

Results
Soil organic carbon (SOC) was 72% greater in PW-amended soils than in the control. The CM-amended soil had a 9% greater cation exchange capacity, 28% higher fungi/bacteria ratio, and 24% greater saprophytes than the control. While CM had 47% more grain yield than the control, plant residue biochar maintained greater gram-positive and actinobacteria abundances, and ultimately, more C at the end of laboratory incubation. Total C mineralized during 91-day incubation was lowest in HW and highest in CM. The first-order kinetic model best described C mineralization for PW and HW, while the double exponential model best fitted for CM-amended soils.

Conclusion
Plant residue biochars enhanced SOC storage, while manure biochar increased soil nutrients and crop yields. The difference in decomposition was related to the composition of plant and animal residue biochar.
Diagnosis and Management of Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients Without Obstructive Epicardial Stenosis
Authors: Ziada Khaled , Alkhawam Hassan , Hajeh Haidar , Modi Malak , Helmy Tarek 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose of Review
What is the pathophysiology and clinical findings as well as management of patients presenting with INOCA/MINOCA (Ischemia/Myocardial Infarction with Non-Obstructive Coronary Arteries).

Recent Findings
INOCA/MINOCA has a complex pathophysiology.

Summary
In this review article, we aim to summarize the complex pathophysiology and clinical diagnosis, and review the current management options.
Observations on NIST SP 800-90B entropy estimators
Authors: Aslan Melis , Doğanaksoy Ali , Saygı Zülfükar , Sönmez Turan Meltem , Sulak Fatih 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Random numbers play a crucial role in cryptography since the security of cryptographic protocols relies on the assumption of the availability of uniformly distributed and unpredictable random numbers to generate secret keys, nonce, salt, etc. However, real-world random number generators sometimes fail and produce outputs with low entropy, leading to security vulnerabilities. The NIST Special Publication (SP) 800-90 series provides guidelines and recommendations for generating random numbers for cryptographic applications and describes 10 black-box entropy estimation methods. This paper evaluates the effectiveness and limitations of the SP 800-90 methods by exploring the accuracy of these estimators using simulated random numbers with known entropy, investigating the correlation between entropy estimates, and studying the impacts of deterministic transformations on the estimators.
Cerebellar Development and the Burden of Prematurity
Authors: Muehlbacher Tobias , Dudink Jeroen , Steggerda Sylke J. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The role of the cerebellum in the neurodevelopmental outcomes of preterm infants has often been neglected. However, accumulating evidence indicates that normal cerebellar development is disrupted by prematurity-associated complications causing cerebellar injury and by prematurity itself. This hampers not only the normal development of motor skills and gait, but also cognitive, language, and behavioral development, collectively referred to as "developmental cognitive affective syndrome." In this comprehensive narrative review, we provide the results of an extensive literature search in PubMed and Embase to summarize recent evidence on altered cerebellar development in premature infants, focusing on neuroimaging findings, its causative factors and its impact on long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes.
137Cs Distribution Coefficients in Seawater, Sedimentation Rates, and Remobilization in Sediment Cores from Masan Bay and Suyeong Bay, Korea
Authors: Kwon Hyeong Kyu , Park Jaehong , Kim Young-Il , Kim Guebuem 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We measured 137Cs in seawater, particulate matter, and sediment cores from two coastal bays (Masan Bay and Suyeong Bay) in Korea in August 2016 and July 2017 to examine its deposition in water and remobilization in the sediments. The 137Cs activities in the bay seawaters were similar to those in the remote ocean seawaters, suggesting that there are no extra 137Cs inputs from land. We reconstructed the deposition history of 137Cs using the measured distribution coefficient (K
d) values in the bay, the known history of 137Cs activities in the remote ocean seawaters, and sediment ages based on the 210Pb method. The measured inventory of 137Cs in the sediment cores retained about 89–94% of the reconstructed 137Cs inventory in the same depths, but the measured distribution patterns were very different from the reconstructed profiles. The measured distributions of 137Cs were quite uniform and penetrated more deeply, with the peaks at a shallow oxic layer and around 1963, indicating significant post-depositional remobilization and redistribution due to changes in porewater chemistry with depth. The sedimentation rates (0.53–0.70 cm yr−1) derived from 137Cs in the two bays agree well with those (0.51–0.68 cm yr−1) derived from 210Pb. Thus, our results suggest that 137Cs can be used as an independent geochronological tracer in coastal sediments, but careful consideration is necessary for the remobilization of 137Cs in sediment cores.
Correlation between parathyroid adenoma volume and perioperative outcomes in primary hyperparathyroidism: Does the size matter?
Authors: Fiore Antonio , Eschlböck Sophie , Carlen Céline , Lazaridis Ioannis I. , Lalos Alexandros , Droeser Raoul , Delko Tarik , Posabella Alberto 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) due to a parathyroid adenoma stands as one of the most prevalent endocrinological disorders, with focused parathyroidectomy being the established therapeutic strategy.

Aim
This study aims to investigate whether the volume of the pathological gland influences perioperative outcomes and postoperative morbidity.

Methods
A retrospective analysis was conducted on data from 141 patients who underwent focused parathyroidectomy for PHPT at the University Hospital of Basel between 2007 and 2022.

Results
A total of 141 patients underwent surgery, with a mean age of 57.2 years and prevalence of women (64.5%).The volume of the lesion was divided into three groups (low < 1 ml, middle 1–1.99 ml, large > 2 ml) based on pathological specimen analysis. Preoperative calcium and parathyroid hormone (PTH) values were significantly higher in the large volume group compared to the low volume group (p < 0.05), while phosphate and vitamin D values were significantly lower (p < 0.05). A comparison of adenoma volume in symptomatic patients with asymptomatic patients revealed no statistically significant difference (p = 0.845) and the volume of the gland of any group did not influence the length of the operation (p = 0.173) and the perioperative morbidity (p = 0.108).

Conclusion
Compared to a volume of less than 1 ml, a parathyroid gland volume greater than 2 ml was associated with higher preoperative PTH and calcium levels and lower phosphate and vitamin D levels. The volume of the parathyroid gland does not seem to impact the clinical manifestations, or the incidence of perioperative complications.
Risk factors for survival after lung transplantation in cystic fibrosis: impact of colonization with multidrug-resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Weingard Bettina , Becker Sören L. , Schneitler Sophie , Trudzinski Franziska C. , Bals Robert , Wilkens Heinrike , Langer Frank 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Lung transplantation is the ultimate treatment option for patients with advanced cystic fibrosis. Chronic colonization of these recipients with multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens may constitute a risk factor for an adverse outcome. We sought to analyze whether colonization with MDR pathogens, as outlined in the German classification of multiresistant Gram-negative bacteria (MRGN), was associated with the success of lung transplantation.

Methods
We performed a monocentric retrospective analysis of 361 lung transplantations performed in Homburg, Germany, between 1995 and 2020. All recipients with a main diagnosis of cystic fibrosis (n = 69) were stratified into two groups based on colonization with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in view of MRGN before transplantation: no colonization and colonization without (n = 23) or with (n = 46) resistance to three or four antibiotic groups (3MRGN/4MRGN). Multivariable analyses were performed including various clinical parameters (preoperative data, postoperative data).

Results
CF patients colonized with multidrug-resistant pathogens (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) classified as 3MRGN/4MRGN had poorer survival (median survival 16 years (without MRGN) versus 8 years (with MRGN), P = 0.048). Extracorporeal support (P = 0.014, HR = 2.929), re-transplantation (P = 0.023, HR = 2.303), female sex (P = 0.019, HR = 2.244) and 3MRGN/4MRGN (P = 0.036, HR = 2.376) were predictors of poor outcomes in the multivariate analysis. Co-colonization with the mold Aspergillus fumigatus was further associated with mortality risk in the 3MRGN/4MRGN group (P = 0.037, HR = 2.150).

Conclusion
Patients with cystic fibrosis and MDR colonization (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) are risk candidates for lung transplantation, targeted diagnostics and tailored anti-infective strategies are essential for survival after surgery. MDR colonization as expressed by MRGN may help to identify patients at increased risk to improve the organ allocation process.
"Am I the only one who will Spread the Virus?": Impact of Public Stigma Towards the East Asian Population Living in Spain Related to COVID-19
Authors: Muñoz-del-Pino Iris María , Saavedra-Macías Francisco Javier , Pérez-Vallejos Elvira 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that COVID-19 led to an increase in stigma towards the Asian population with a negative impact on their health. This study aims to explore this phenomenon and its impact on health through the qualitative analysis of semi-structured interviews conducted with 26 people of Asian origin living in Spain from September 2020 to September 2021. Among the results, it was found that, prior to the pandemic, discrimination was mostly verbal. After the outbreak of the pandemic, some participants, who were blamed and referred to as "COVID", experienced fear and physical aggression. Among the health effects, mental and social disturbances such as feeling like "permanent foreigners", worrying about being stigmatized or fear of interacting with others were prominent. The main protective factor was the support network, including education and community cohesion as main determinants. Future research is needed to analyse the evolution of this stigma after the pandemic and to explore in detail its impact on health.
Bail-in’s Unfulfilled Promise
Authors: Hadjiemmanuil Christos 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The adoption of bail-in by the EU and other jurisdictions as the core tool of their bank resolution regimes promised to ensure the effective financial restructuring of failed banks with the resources of their own stakeholders, thereby achieving the financial stability objectives of resolution while making taxpayer-funded bailouts a thing of the past. In retrospect, despite its many positive effects, it is questionable whether bail-in has fully lived up to its promise. The operationalisation of the bail-in tool is still ongoing, with several legal and practical issues yet to be fully resolved. Furthermore, the tool’s actual use in resolution actions has so far been sporadic and uneven, undermining its credibility; in any event, significant doubts remain as to the appropriateness of bail-in in situations of system-wide distress.
Parameter estimation for cellular automata
Authors: Kazarnikov Alexey , Ray Nadja , Haario Heikki , Lappalainen Joona , Rupp Andreas 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Self-organizing complex systems can be modeled using cellular automaton models. However, the parametrization of these models is crucial and significantly determines the resulting structural pattern. In this research, we introduce and successfully apply a sound statistical method to estimate these parameters. The decisive difference to earlier applications of such approaches is that, in our case, both the CA rules and the resulting patterns are discrete. The method is based on constructing Gaussian likelihoods using characteristics of the structures, such as the mean particle size. We show that our approach is robust for the method parameters, domain size of patterns, or CA iterations.
Comparative evaluation of voltage conversion and encoder pulse detection methods for controlling a model high-bay warehouse
Authors: Abu Al-Hija’a Anas , Szekeres B. J. , Andó M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study evaluates five control methods for the Fischertechnik Training Factory Industry 4.0–24 V system, focusing on accuracy, efficiency, and performance in managing voltage differences and encoder pulse detection. The proposed method introduces a novel approach by integrating a dedicated pulse-counting Arduino with the TBD62783APG chip, enhancing precision and reliability beyond traditional methods. Despite requiring additional hardware, this method demonstrated exceptional control and dependable operation, showcasing the efficacy of specialized integrated circuits in industrial automation applications. The presented evaluation enhances control strategies for industrial automation, emphasizing efficient voltage conversion and precise encoder pulse detection to enhance system performance and reliability, laying the groundwork for future advancements in remote control capabilities and complex manufacturing systems.
Applying Original Nation Approaches to the Struggles of Original Nations in Euro-Asia: Historical Impacts of the Mongol-Tatar Invasion, Russian Empire, and Post-Soviet States on the Original Nations of Belarus and Latvia
Authors: Kazak Maria , Rancāne Elīna 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper engages in a comprehensive analysis of the historical processes leading to the destruction of the Original Nations of Belarus and Latvia. The research is structured in three sections, with the first outlining the tribal roots common to both Latvian and Belarusian nations, serving as a foundation for subsequent analyses. The second section constitutes the core of the research, employing an Original Nation approach to dissect the impact of historic occupations in the five key waves—religious conversion, invasions of the Mongol-Tatar Yoke that led to administrative integration into states, a language push under the Russian Empire, identity erasure during Sovietization, and lastly, the restoration of independence in both countries. The last section surveys the modern states of Belarus and Latvia, emphasising their endeavours to revive their Original Nations, as both nations share the burden of recovering lost national elements, resisting cultural repression, and building a robust national identity.
A systematic review of regulatory strategies and transparency mandates in AI regulation in Europe, the United States, and Canada
Authors: Sloane Mona , Wüllhorst Elena 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this paper, we provide a systematic review of existing artificial intelligence (AI) regulations in Europe, the United States, and Canada. We build on the qualitative analysis of 129 AI regulations (enacted and not enacted) to identify patterns in regulatory strategies and in AI transparency requirements. Based on the analysis of this sample, we suggest that there are three main regulatory strategies for AI: AI-focused overhauls of existing regulation, the introduction of novel AI regulation, and the omnibus approach. We argue that although these types emerge as distinct strategies, their boundaries are porous as the AI regulation landscape is rapidly evolving. We find that across our sample, AI transparency is effectively treated as a central mechanism for meaningful mitigation of potential AI harms. We therefore focus on AI transparency mandates in our analysis and identify six AI transparency patterns: human in the loop, assessments, audits, disclosures, inventories, and red teaming. We contend that this qualitative analysis of AI regulations and AI transparency patterns provides a much needed bridge between the policy discourse on AI, which is all too often bound up in very detailed legal discussions and applied sociotechnical research on AI fairness, accountability, and transparency.
A Short Report on the Ghana Railway Archive in Sekondi-Takoradi
Authors: Ntewusu Samuel , Bellucci Stefano , Admasie Samuel Andreas , Abraham Frederick 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This short report discusses the resources to be found in the Railway Archive in Sekondi-Takoradi, Ghana. This report is also the result of various exploratory missions, as part of a cooperative effort between the Ghana Railway Company, the Institute of African Studies of the University of Ghana, and the International Institute of Social History, the Netherlands. The archive under consideration is classified as an institutional archive which provides unique insights into the social and labour history of Ghana– then Gold Coast– with some connections to West Africa and Great Britain. The archives provide additional material to the resources in the national archives in Ghana, best known as the Public Records and Archives Administration Department (PRAAD).
Love in the Time of the Korean War: Romance Comics and the Normalization of America’s International Security Commitments
Authors: Rouleau Brian 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This article examines the role played by comic books in justifying the Korean War to adolescent readers in the United States. Specifically, it argues that romance comics—perhaps the most widely read youth publications of the early 1950s—helped to prepare teenaged girls for the trials and tribulations that an emerging Cold War would entail. Love-themed comic books dealt with issues like dating and marriage at a time of mass mobilization and international political emergency, and in doing so, attempted to redefine the meaning of courtship and sexual maturity during a new era of permanent national security crisis. By studying this enormously influential literary genre, we gain important insight into both the popular cultural dimension of a “forgotten war,” as well as a richer appreciation of the ways in which girls have been asked to make their own sacrifices on the altar of American military preparedness.
mRNA Technology Transfer Hub and Intellectual Property: Towards a more Equitable and Sustainable Model
Authors: Adekola Tolulope Anthony , Mercurio Bryan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The article explores how the COVID-19 pandemic revived discussions on the importance of local pharmaceutical production for promoting health security and resilient health systems. It examines the World Health Organization's hub and spoke mRNA vaccine production model (mRNA hub), a global initiative that aims to establish sustainable, local mRNA manufacturing capabilities in low- and middle-income countries in response to the inequities in access to COVID-19 vaccines and the trade disruptions during the pandemic. Using the mRNA hub as case study, the paper discusses how the tectonic shift towards local production implicates supply and license agreements, and thus IPRs. The paper maps the intellectual property challenges that might impact the mRNA hub's sustainability and provides recommendations on how to enhance the initiative's chances of success and foster a more equitable pharmaceutical sector in the future.
Miocene Magnetostratigraphy and Relative Paleointensity of Deep‐Sea Sediments at IODP Site U1490 in the Western Equatorial Pacific
Authors: Kumagai Yuho , Nakamura Norihiro , Yamazaki Toshitsugu 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWe present palaeomagnetic results from the Miocene section of the International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Site U1490. Detailed paleomagnetic investigations are crucial for providing a long‐term record of Miocene relative paleointensity (RPI) variations, as well as the palaeoclimatic and paleoceanographic history of the Cenozoic Equatorial Pacific. These investigations also aim to enhance the database of Pacific magnetostratigraphy. Magnetic measurements were conducted at a 1 cm resolution on u‐channel samples from the spliced section, with the goal of extracting a high‐resolution magnetostratigraphic and RPI records. Stepwise demagnetization of the natural remanent magnetization yielded well‐defined magnetostratigraphy over a time interval of approximately 9 million years, between the bottom boundaries of the Chron C5Dr.2r (18.066 Ma) and the Chron C4An (9.105 Ma), partially assisted by astronomically tuned isotope stratigraphy. The main magnetic carriers are both single‐domain magnetofossils with equant octahedral morphology and pseudo‐single‐domain detrital magnetite. Our RPI data from the western equatorial Pacific are of the highest quality from 18 to 12 million years ago, comparable to the long‐term RPI record from IODP Site U1336 in the eastern equatorial Pacific during the late Early to Middle Miocene with common fluctuations of 104–105 years timescale. The comparison also indicates that the method for Quaternary RPI‐assisted chronostratigraphy can also be applied to older sediments to enhance the resolution of stratigraphic correlation.
Rayleigh Invariance Allows the Estimation of Effective CO2 Fluxes Due To Convective Dissolution Into Water‐Filled Fractures
Authors: Keim Leon , Class Holger 
Published: January 2025

AbstractConvective dissolution of is a well‐known mechanism in geological storage of . It is triggered by gravitational instability which leads to the onset of free convection. The phenomenon is well studied in porous media, such as saline aquifers, and the literature provides substantial evidence that onset times and effective flux rates can be estimated based on a characterization of instabilities that uses the Darcy velocity. This work extends the study of convective dissolution to open water‐filled fractures, where non‐Darcy regimes govern the induced flow processes. Numerical simulations using a Navier‐Stokes model with fluid density dependent on dissolved concentration were used to compute scenario‐specific results for effective entry rates into an idealized fracture with varying aperture, temperature, and concentration at the gas‐water interface. The results were analyzed in terms of dimensionless quantities. They revealed a Rayleigh invariance of the effective flux after the complete formation of a quasi‐stationary velocity profile, that is, after a certain entry length. Hence, this invariance can be exploited to estimate the effective entry rates, which can then be used, in perspective, in upscaled models. We have studied convective dissolution for two different fracture settings; the first one relates to karstification scenarios, where is the dominant driving force, and were stagnant‐water conditions in fractures have not yet received attention to date. The second setting is inspired from geological storage, where the literature provides only studies on convective dissolution for porous‐media flow with Darcy regimes.