bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pathway selection by pulsed field gradients
Authors: Rodriguez Ignacio , Alejo Rigoberto Perez de , Ruiz‐Cabello Jesus 
Published: September 2002

AbstractA method for pathway selection in a multiple spin‐echo pulse sequence applying crusher gradients before and after each π pulse, to dephase unwanted pathways, is described. This method selects the only pathway that would contribute to the measurable signal if the π pulses were perfect (1,–1,1,–1,…). Good pathway selection is essential in pulse programming, especially when the CPMG condition is not met. An interactive applet was also developed to deal with these calculations. Magn Reson Med 48:540–542, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genetic disorders of neuromuscular ion channels
Authors: Kleopa Kleopas A. , Barchi Robert L. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractIon channels are complex proteins that span the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane, where they orchestrate the electrical signals necessary for normal function of the central nervous system, peripheral nerve, and both skeletal and cardiac muscle. The role of ion channel defects in the pathogenesis of numerous disorders, many of them neuromuscular, has become increasingly apparent over the last decade. Progress in molecular biology has allowed cloning and expression of genes that encode channel proteins, while comparable advances in biophysics, including patch‐clamp electrophysiology and related techniques, have made the study of expressed proteins at the level of single channel molecules possible. Understanding the molecular basis of ion channel function and dysfunction will facilitate both the accurate classification of these disorders and the rational development of specific therapeutic interventions. This review encompasses clinical, genetic, and pathophysiological aspects of ion channels disorders, focusing mainly on those with neuromuscular manifestations. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Muscle Nerve 26: 299–325, 2002
Bimodal dose‐dependence of FK506 on the rate of axonal regeneration in mouse peripheral nerve
Authors: Udina Esther , Ceballos Dolores , Verdú Enrique , Gold Bruce G. , Navarro Xavier 
Published: September 2002

AbstractFK506 has been shown to enhance the rate of axonal regeneration after peripheral nerve lesions. However, quite variable doses of FK506 have been used in different animal studies. We examined the dose‐dependence of FK506 on the rate of axonal regeneration after crush lesion of the mouse sciatic nerve. Mice received daily subcutaneous injections of FK506 at 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, or 10 mg/kg for 7 days after lesioning. A control group was injected with saline. The distance that regenerative axons advanced from the crush site was measured by the pinch test at 2, 4, and 7 days. Regenerating axons reached greater mean distances in all FK506‐treated groups compared to the control group. The fastest regeneration rate was found at 5 mg/kg (12% increase over controls), although the 0.2 and 2 mg/kg doses achieved similar regeneration rates. In contrast, intermediate doses (0.5 and 1 mg/kg) and a higher dose (10 mg/kg) were not different from controls. Calcitonin gene–related peptide immunohistochemical labeling of regenerating axons yielded similar results to those found with the pinch test. Based on our finding of a double peak in the dose–response for FK506, it is hypothesized that at least two mechanisms of action (perhaps corresponding to distinct functional binding sites) are evoked at different concentrations of the drug to accelerate nerve regeneration. These results have clinical implications for the pharmacological treatment of nerve injuries while avoiding immunosuppressive effects and for the design of related drugs with more specific activities. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Muscle Nerve 26: 348–355, 2002
Reflex effects of induced muscle contraction in normal and spinal cord injured subjects
Authors: Knikou Maria , Conway Bernard A. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe modulation of the soleus H reflex in response to functional electrical stimulation (FES) of the rectus femoris (RF) muscle and its overlying skin was examined in 11 normal adults and 6 patients with a clinically defined complete spinal cord injury (SCI). Stimulation of RF at twice motor threshold (MT) resulted in a long‐lasting (>1,000 ms) and significant reduction (50–70% of control) in the size of the soleus H reflex in all normal subjects tested. For five of the SCI subjects, 2MT stimulation of RF induced a 55–60% reduction in the soleus H reflex that was also long‐lasting (>160 ms). In the remaining SCI subject, 2MT stimulation resulted in an initial period of significant H‐reflex facilitation (0–14 ms) that was followed by a longer‐lasting inhibition commencing 60 ms after the cessation of the conditioning stimulation. Decreasing the strength of stimulation to below that required to generate a clear contraction in RF resulted in mixed facilitatory and inhibitory actions that were subject dependent. The changes in H‐reflex excitability resulting from FES highlight the potential use of FES in the management of hypertonicity in SCI but also suggest that the central actions of FES need to be considered when FES gait restoration programs are designed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Muscle Nerve 26: 374–382, 2002
Clinical variant of familial amyloid polyneuropathy
Authors: Quan Dianna , Cohen Jeffrey A. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractHereditary amyloidosis with early and prominent peripheral nerve involvement is often designated familial amyloid polyneuropathy (FAP). The abnormality usually lies in the transthyretin (TTR) gene. We describe a patient with a tyr77 TTR gene mutation who presented with sensorimotor polyneuropathy but no other systemic symptoms of amyloidosis. This is one of a few documented cases of the tyr77 mutation in North America. The clinical and electrophysiologic features of this unusual cause of sensorimotor polyneuropathy are discussed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Muscle Nerve 26: 417–420, 2002
Apoptosis and apoptosis‐related proteins in thyroid myopathies
Authors: Monici Maria C. , Rodolico Carmelo , Toscano Antonio , Messina Sonia , Benvenga Salvatore , Messina Corrado , Vita Giuseppe 
Published: September 2002

AbstractDNA fragmentation and apoptosis‐related proteins have been investigated in thyroid cells and there is evidence that Fas‐mediated apoptosis is inhibited by thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). We investigated DNA fragmentation by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL), and Bcl‐2 and Fas antigen expression by immunocytochemistry in skeletal muscles from 12 patients with hypothyroid myopathy and 5 patients with hyperthyroid myopathy. The finding of very few TUNEL‐positive muscle fibers in both conditions suggests that apoptosis does not play a role in the pathogenesis of thyroid myopathies. Bcl‐2 expression increased significantly in hypothyroid myopathy, correlating with high serum TSH levels, and not with either triiodothyronine (T3) or thyroxine (T4) serum levels. By contrast, Fas antigen was overexpressed in hyperthyroid myopathy, correlating with low TSH levels. These findings suggest an anti‐apoptotic role for TSH itself in skeletal muscle. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Muscle Nerve 26: 383–388, 2002
Comparison of neuromuscular blockade and recovery with botulinum toxins A and F
Authors: Billante Cheryl R. , Zealear David L. , Billante Mark , Reyes Julio H. , Sant'Anna Geraldo , Rodriguez Ricardo , Stone R.E. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractIntramuscular injection of botulinum toxin A is used to treat focal dystonias. Because immunoresistance has been documented in some patients, other molecular forms of the toxin have been evaluated clinically. The present investigation compared the time course and extent of neuromuscular blockade and recovery of botulinum toxin types A and F using an electromyographic monitoring system implanted in the rat hindlimb. For a given dose, the degree and duration of blockade was more complete with type A toxin. Delayed onset of recovery in animals that received high doses of type A toxin allowed time for denervative changes to prevent a full return to baseline, as confirmed histologically. Conversely, animals receiving type F toxin fully recovered within 30 days at all dose levels. The rapid recovery with type F toxin suggested that neuromuscular transmission was restored via the original terminals rather than through functional collateral sprouting. The reversible nature of blockade with this molecular species puts in question its future clinical utility. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Muscle Nerve 26: 395–403, 2002
Augmented cubes
Authors: Choudum S. A. , Sunitha V. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractFollowing the recursive definition of the hypercube Qn, we define the augmented cube AQn. After showing that its graph is vertex‐symmetric, (2n − 1)‐regular, and (2n − 1)‐connected and that it has diameter ⌈n/2⌉, we describe optimal routing and broadcasting procedures. The augmented cube possesses several embeddable properties that the hypercube and its variations do not possess. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Source location problems considering vertex‐connectivity and edge‐connectivity simultaneously
Authors: Ito Hiro , Ito Motoyasu , Itatsu Yuichiro , Nakai Kazuhiro , Uehara Hideyuki , Yokoyama Mitsuo 
Published: September 2002

AbstractLet G = (V, E) be an undirected multigraph, where V and E are a set of vertices and a set of edges, respectively. Let k and l be fixed nonnegative integers. This paper considers location problems of finding a minimum‐size vertex‐subset S ⊆ V such that for each vertex x ∈ V the vertex‐connectivity between S and x is greater than or equal to k and the edge‐connectivity between S and x is greater than or equal to l. For the problem with edge‐connectivity requirements, that is, k = 0, an O(L(|V|, |E|, l)) time algorithm is already known, where L(|V|, |E|, l) is the time to find all h‐edge‐connected components for h = 1, 2, … , l and O(L(|V|, |E|, l)) = O(|E| + |V|2 + |V|min{|E|, l|V|}min{l, |V|}) is known. In this paper, we show that the problem with k ≥ 3 is NP‐hard even for l = 0. We then present an O(L(|V|, |E|, l)) time algorithm for 0 ≤ k ≤ 2 and l ≥ 0. Moreover, we prove that the problem parameterized by the size of S is fixed‐parameter tractable (FPT) for k = 3 and l ≥ 0. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Super edge‐ and point‐connectivities of the Cartesian product of regular graphs
Authors: Shieh Bih‐Sheue 
Published: September 2002

AbstractWe prove that the Cartesian product of two regular graphs with maximum edge (respectively, point‐)‐connectivity is super edge (respectively, point‐)‐connected except for the case K2 × Kn, n ≥ 2 (respectively, n ≥ 4), where Kn is a complete graph of order n. Using these results, certain classes of networks which are recursively defined by the Cartesian product can be simply shown to possess super edge‐connectivity and super point‐connectivity. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Shortest‐path network interdiction
Authors: Israeli Eitan , Wood R. Kevin 
Published: September 2002

AbstractWe study the problem of interdicting the arcs in a network in order to maximize the shortest s–t path length. “Interdiction” is an attack on an arc that destroys the arc or increases its effective length; there is a limited interdiction budget. We formulate this bilevel, max–min problem as a mixed‐integer program (MIP), which can be solved directly, but we develop more efficient decomposition algorithms. One algorithm enhances Benders decomposition by adding generalized integer cutting planes, called “supervalid inequalities” (SVIs), to the master problem. A second algorithm exploits a unique set‐covering master problem. Computational results demonstrate orders‐of‐magnitude improvements of the decomposition algorithms over direct solution of the MIP and show that SVIs also help solve the original MIP faster. Published 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fast permutation routing in a class of interconnection networks
Authors: Elmallah Ehab S. , Lam Chin‐Hung 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThis paper considers the following permutation routing problem: Given an N × N augmented data manipulator (ADM) network and a permutation π between its N inputs and outputs, can all the traffic connections of π be routed through the network in one pass? A number of backtrack search algorithms have been devised for recognizing ADM admissible permutations. None of the published results, however, appears to settle the time complexity of the problem. The goal of this paper was to answer the question positively by showing the first polynomial time bound for solving the problem. The devised algorithm requires O(N1.695) time to decide whether a given permutation π is admissible and compute a setting of the switches whenever π is admissible. For many practical applications, the obtained bound compares favorably with the O(N lg N) size of an N‐input ADM network. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Successive episodes of synapses production in the developing rat nucleus tractus solitarii
Authors: Lachamp Philippe , Tell Fabien , Kessler Jean‐Pierre 
Published: September 2002

AbstractIn the rat nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS), synaptogenesis is thought to occur both pre‐ and postnatally. The present study was performed to precisely define the timetable of synapse formation in the NTS after birth. Changes in synapse morphology and densities were analyzed between postnatal day 3 (P3) and P28 using electron microscopy and ethanol phosphotungstic acid (E‐PTA) staining. The proportion of morphologically immature synapses was high at P3 (38%) and P14 (30%) and low (8–14%) at the other ages investigated (P7, P21, and P28). Synaptic density significantly increased between P7 and P14 (60%) and between P21 and P28 (54%), but did not significantly change between P3 and P7 and between P14 and P21. Mean synaptic diameter also increased over the first postnatal month. Significant increases in synaptic size occurred between P3 and P7 (28%) and between P14 and P21 (15%). The present data indicate that, in the NTS, synaptogenesis occurs over a protracted period of time and involves distinct successive episodes of synapse production. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol 52: 336–342, 2002
Ovarian hormones after postnatal day 20 reduce neuron number in the rat primary visual cortex
Authors: Nuñez Joseph L. , Sodhi Jagdeep , Juraska Janice M. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractPrevious work from our lab has documented a sex difference in neuron number in the binocular region of the adult rat primary visual cortex (Oc1B), with males having 19% more neurons than females. In the present study, the role of developmental steroid hormones in the formation of this difference was explored. Male and female rats underwent neonatal hormone manipulation (female + testosterone or dihydrotestosterone; male + flutamide) followed by gonadectomy on postnatal day 20. Animals that did not undergo hormone manipulation were either gonadectomized or sham operated at day 20. Neuron number was quantified in the monocular (Oc1M) and binocular (Oc1B) subfields of the adult rat primary visual cortex using the optical disector technique. As adults, day 20 gonadectomized females, as well as females + testosterone and females + dihydrotestosterone, had significantly more neurons than intact females. There was no difference in neuron number between postnatal day 20 gonadectomized males, males + flutamide, and intact males. Also, intact males had significantly more neurons than intact females in both in Oc1M and Oc1B. It appears that ovarian steroids after day 20 are the primary cause of the lower number of neurons in the primary visual cortex of the female rat. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol 52: 312–321, 2002
Mushroom bodies are not required for courtship behavior by normal and sexually mosaic Drosophila
Authors: Kido Asami , Ito Kei 
Published: September 2002

AbstractTo elucidate the effect of feminization of male Drosophila brain cells on courtship control, we performed a large scale screening of expression drivers that can suppress male‐specific behavior with transformer gene expression. Two drivers caused essentially total courtship suppression. The expression pattern of these drivers did not show any correlation with the mushroom bodies or the antennal lobes, the regions that have been suggested to play important roles in courtship. Ablation of mushroom bodies using hydroxyurea treatment did not affect this courtship suppression. The ablation did not change either wild‐type heterosexual behavior or bisexual behavior caused by transformer expression driven by the same drivers used in the previous studies to suggest the involvement of the mushroom bodies in courtship. Our results show that feminization of different nonoverlapping cells in other parts of the protocerebrum was sufficient to cause the same bisexual or suppressed‐courtship phenotype. Thus, contrary to previous assumptions, the mushroom bodies are not required for the control of courtship. Present evidence supports its mediation by other distributed protocerebral regions. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol 52: 302–311, 2002
Elasto‐plasticity revisited: numerical analysis via reproducing kernel particle method and parametric quadratic programming
Authors: Liew K. M. , Wu Y. C. , Zou G. P. , Ng T. Y. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractAiming to simplify the solution process of elasto‐plastic problems, this paper proposes a reproducing kernel particle algorithm based on principles of parametric quadratic programming for elasto‐plasticity. The parametric quadratic programming theory is useful and effective for the assessment of certain features of structural elasto‐plastic behaviour and can also be exploited for numerical iteration. Examples are presented to illustrate the essential aspects of the behaviour of the model proposed and the flexibility of the coupled parametric quadratic programming formulations with the reproducing kernel particle method. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
What It Takes to Turn Manufacturing Lean: The Experience of Donnelly Corporation
Authors: Scaffede Russ 
Published: September 2002

AbstractDonnelly Corporation, a global supplier of automotive mirrors, windows, and door handles, began implementing

lean manufacturing a decade ago. Along the way, they discovered that the basis of lean thinking goes back to

Henry Ford. Out of this understanding, they developed the Donnelly Production System. Throughout the years, they

learned what works and what does not work, and lean manufacturing at Donnelly evolved from a focus on tools to a

system that is integrated into management's vision and implemented by the entire production team. Donnelly

has been named by the Society of Automotive Engineers as a model company in lean manufacturing practices.

© 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Study Finds that Knowledge of Pay Process Can Beat Out Amount of Pay in Employee Retention, Organizational Effectiveness
Authors: Mulvey Paul W. , LeBlanc Peter V. , Heneman Robert L. , McInerney Michael 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThis article is based on some of the findings of a major research study just published by WorldatWork

(formerly American Compensation Association) entitled The Knowledge of Pay Study: E‐mails

from the Frontline. Surveying more than 6,000 managers and employees in 26 major U.S. and Canadian

organizations, the study found close connections between employees' knowledge of their organization's

pay structure and their ability to align their own behaviors and goals to those of the organization—leading

them to feel a greater sense of company loyalty and to contribute to the effectiveness of the organization. But it

also found that such knowledge is far from universal, and identifies the gaps that need to be filled.

© 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Enrichment Programs Help Leviton Manufacturing Build Teamwork and Growth
Authors: Fogel Mark S. , Shephard Kim 
Published: September 2002

AbstractBreaking down silos, promoting teamwork, and enhancing employee morale are goals of many managers. At Leviton

Manufacturing, the human resources department did all this while also opening up a long‐standing corporate

culture by means of a variety of very low‐cost programs that met employees' needs and interests. And,

when the economy began to adversely impact the company, these programs became even more valuable in

“re‐recruiting” employees—boosting morale—and in selling the company to applicants

for critical positions. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Development of Human Resource Management in Quality Award Winning Governments
Authors: Kline James J. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractGovernments around the world are adopting total quality management. Despite this, little work has been done

on the human resources management practices of quality‐oriented governments. This article describes the

human resources management practices of some of the quality award‐winning governments around the world.

It shows how award winners focus their HRM to facilitate and reinforce the adoption of TQM. The implementation

of these practices, in turn, is having a positive impact on organizational performance. © 2002

Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Developmental characteristics in adult forebrain following neonatal unilateral olfactory bulbectomy
Authors: Račeková Enikö , Orendáčová Judita , Martončiková Marcela , Zigova Tanja , Sekerkova Gabriela , Maršala Jozef 
Published: September 2002

AbstractIn this study we performed neonatal unilateral olfactory bulbectomy to determine the influence of the olfactory bulb on the development of forebrain anatomical characteristics. Histological examination was used to examine the long‐term effect of the neonatal olfactory bulb removal on the rostral migratory stream general morphology in rats. BrdU‐immunohistochemistry presented here provides evidence of the proliferating cells topography throughout this migratory pathway. To analyse spatial distribution of the rostral migratory stream on bulbectomized versus intact side camera lucida drawing was used. The results show that although the migratory stream anatomical pattern of bulbectomized rats was similar to the control adult ones, an open olfactory ventricle was regularly present within it. These findings indicate that neonatal bulbectomy maintains the prosencephalic region developmental pattern till adulthood.
A 3D spatial navigation task for assessing memory in rodents
Authors: Mostafa Randa M. , Michalikova Simona , Ennaceur Abdelkader 
Published: September 2002

AbstractIn the present report we describe a 3‐D maze spatial navigation task for rats based on a modification of an eight‐arm radial maze. The arms radiating from a central platform can be presented in a horizontal plane either raised 10 cm above the level of a central platform or lowered 10 cm below. Memory of visited and non‐visited arms can be guided by distinct internal cues (patterns) that are presented on panels set at the end of each arm. Rats are trained in three different maze configurations (eight session each) with arms set lowered, flattened or raised relative to a central platform. A food pellet is placed at the end of each arm and rats are allowed to make eight arm choices only, in each testing session. In this task rats perform better when moving uphill to raised arms than when moving on flattened arms or when moving downhill to lowered arms. It is likely that spatial navigation on raised arms is based on visual cues that were highly visible from the central platform. This result can be accounted for by the position of the rats' eyes that are placed laterally on the sides of their heads.