bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Apparent diffusion coefficient; is it an effective index for differentiating between types of lung cancer brain metastases?
Authors: Aybar Mustafa Devran , Turna Onder 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background:
The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of tumors are highly correlated with tumor cellularity and used as a neuroimaging marker with the potential to differentiate between major histological subtypes. Here, we will attempt to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the ADC to distinguish between types of metastatic brain metastases from lung cancer.

Methods:
One hundred and fifty-six patients (136 [%87, 18] male, 20 [%12.82] female) admitted to our hospital with the diagnosis of primary lung cancer were included in the study. In addition to conventional magnetic resonance imaging sequences, Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and ADC images were evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively.

Results:
We found hyperintensity in most of the metastatic lesions on a qualitatively evaluated DWI sequence. In quantitative assessment according to ADC value comparisons between the different histologic subtype metastatic lung carcinoma groups, small-cell carcinoma (SCLC) had the highest value (1.93 × 10‒3mm2/s ± 0.95) and nonsmall-cell-combined (NSCCLC) type was the least (0.55 × 10‒3 mm2/s ± 0.46). When we tried to distinguish lung cancer-induced brain metastases into two main groups as SCC and NSC by considering the mean ADC ratios we obtained 0.65 ± 0.14 for SCC and 1.51± 0.30 for NSC. On the other hand, there was no significant statistical difference between the specific histological subtype groups with comparison of ADC values (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:
Quantitatively quantified DWI-ADC can distinguish metastatic lesions from the normal brain parenchyma. Although we realized whether differentiation of SCLC and non-SCLC in brain metastases can be achieved with DWI, we could not define any correlation between DWI/ADC values and primary histology of the metastatic foci. We believe that more accurate results can be achieved with advanced studies with more patients included and common sequence features.
Diagnostic value of lung ultrasonography compared with chest radiography among children with pneumonia in Rivers State University Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt
Authors: Dimkpa Jude Nnaemeka , Robinson Ebbi Donald , Aitafo Josephine Enekole , Ugboma Enighe Wananyo , Nwankwo Nelson C. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background:
Pneumonia is an acute inflammatory condition affecting the lung alveoli. The current gold standard for diagnosis pneumonia in children is chest radiography (CXR). Lung ultrasound scan (LUS) may be used as a safer diagnostic alternative since it does not use ionizing radiation.

Aim:
The study is to evaluate the diagnostic value of LUS compared with CXR among children with pneumonia.

Materials and Methods:
It was a prospective cross-sectional study among 100 patients aged between 0 and 5 years, diagnosed with pneumonia. The spectrums of LUS findings were compared with chest radiographic findings of the same patients to ascertain the diagnostic value LUS. The LUS was performed using a 3.5–5.0 MHz convex probe and a high-frequency (7.5–10.0 MHz) linear transducer fitted to a Logic PRO 6.0, general electric ultrasound machine.

Results:
The mean age of the participants was 17.6 (±12.4) months with males and females accounting for 60% and 40%, respectively. CXR and LUS detected pneumonia in 78% and 93% of patients respectively (P = 0.002). In LUS, the most common findings were subpleural consolidation (73.0%), and pleural-line distortions (66%), while the commonest CXR findings were interstitial opacities (69%), and homogeneous consolidations (37%). The sensitivity and specificity of LUS in this study are 96.2% and 18.2%, respectively, with positive and negative predictive values of 80.6% and 57.1%, respectively.

Conclusion:
LUS had a higher positive detection rate than CXR. Its high sensitivity, lack of ionizing radiation, and portability make it a useful first-line imaging modality in the diagnosis and manage pneumonia.
Evaluation of high-risk patients with dense breast on high-resolution ultrasound for screening and detection of breast cancer where mammography is of low significance
Authors: Mukhtar Rubina , Hussain Mukhtar , Mukhtar Muhammad Ahmad , Haider Syed Raza 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background:
Early diagnosis of breast cancer is a challenging problem in high-risk patients with dense breast. The risk of breast cancer is many fold higher in dense breast as compared to nondense on one side with limited screening or diagnostic role of mammography on the other side. The aim of our study is to elaborate the role of high-resolution ultrasonography (HR-USG) as adjunct modality to overcome this limitation.

Materials and Methods:
This is a prospective observational study conducted in the breast care clinic of a tertiary care cancer hospital. Totally, 2720 patients were enrolled for mammography. Out of these, 339 patients were reported according to Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BIRADS) as 0 (inconclusive) and were suggested for further evaluation by other modalities. All patients reported for mammography as BIRADS 0, were included in this study for HR-USG.

Results:
On HR-USG, 33.4% of patients with dense breast were shown to have suspicious (BIRADS 5) lesions. 21.7% had simple cysts. Fibro adenomas and abscess were seen in 18% and in 15% of patients, respectively. Other findings were duct ectasia (4.3%) and galactocele (3.4%). 1.4% of patients were normal on HR-USG.

Conclusion:
Our study showed HR-USG as a modality of choice that supersedes the diagnostic efficiency of mammography in patients with dense breasts thus enhances early detection and better treatment of breast cancer, decreasing mortality owning to delay in diagnosis.
Radiation protection measures of the radiological facilities in Kano metropolis, Nigeria
Authors: Sidi M , England A , Mansur U , Muhammad ZI , Garba I , Zira DJ , Abubakar U , Abubakar AA , Ya’u A , Luntsi G 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
The medical use of ionizing radiation contributes the largest amount of man-made radiation exposure and ranks second to natural background radiation. Adhering to the standard radiation protection measures minimizes radiation dose to patients, staff, and other public members.

Aim:
This study aimed to evaluate radiation protection measures in radiological facilities in the Kano metropolis, Nigeria.

Materials and Methods:
This was a cross-sectional study conducted in the Kano metropolis, Nigeria, between February 2021 and May 2021. A structured questionnaire was formulated. The measuring tool was validated by expert and experienced colleagues. The reliability of the measuring tool was tested using a pilot study, and Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient was found to be 0.815. A total of 101 respondents were recruited. These were the radiographers working in the functional radiological facilities. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS software version 23.0, and P <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
X-ray room design was sufficient in the majority of radiological facilities 67 (66.7%). Insufficient availability of personnel protective devices in 47 (46.9%) respondents was observed. The majority, 24 (23.9%) of the respondents, indicated poor utilization of personnel protective devices. There was insufficient registration and records of radiation safety measures 26 (26.0%). Only 48 (47.5%) respondents indicated the availability of a QA committee in their facility. Fifty-two (51.5%) of the respondents reported that they have medical physicists/engineers available to provide support within their department, while only 25 (25.7%) had radiation safety officers in their facilities. There was a weak negative correlation between lead aprons and lead rubber gloves with the level of staff training, respectively (r = −0.254, P = 0.010; r = −0.214, P = 0.031).

Conclusion:
There was sufficient X-ray room design in the Kano metropolis. An insufficient availability of personal protective devices, poor utilization, registration, and records of radiation safety measures was observed. There were inadequate QA committee and QC test in the majority of the radiological facilities. A weak negative correlation was observed between the use of lead aprons and lead rubber gloves with the level of staff training.
Counting eigenvalues of Schrödinger operators using the landscape function
Authors: Bachmann Sven , Froese Richard , Schraven Severin 
Published: February 2024

We prove an upper and a lower bound on the rank of the spectral projections of the Schrödinger operator

-\Delta + V

in terms of the volume of the sublevel sets of an effective potential

\frac{1}{u}

. Here,

u

is the ‘landscape function’ of G. David, M. Filoche, and S. Mayboroda [Adv. Math. 390 (2021), article no. 107946], namely a solution of

(-\Delta + V)u = 1

in

\mathbb R^{d}

. We prove the result for non-negative potentials satisfying a Kato-type and a doubling condition, in all spatial dimensions, in infinite volume, and show that no coarse-graining is required. Our result yields in particular a necessary and sufficient condition for discreteness of the spectrum. In the case of nonnegative polynomial potentials, we prove that the spectrum is discrete if and only if no directional derivative vanishes identically.
Social work perspective of the achievements of the Fit Person (s) Program in Temeke, Dar es Salaam – Tanzania
Authors: Buhori Johnas Amon 
Published: February 2024

Like other countries in the developing world, Tanzania has faced more children needing protection and care. However, the available old and traditional alternative care systems have inadequately reduced the demand for protection and care for needy children. This study was undertaken to assess the achievements of the fit person program. Twenty (20) social workers employed at Temeke District Council were selected to participate and inform the study. Four focus group discussions of five members each and five key informants' interviews were used to generate information while observing the African-centred approach. This study was guided by Ubuntu theory, as it considers Africans' values, aspirations, beliefs and experiences in the efforts to protect and care for the children. The findings revealed that the Fit Person Program has achieved its obligations to protect and care for children to a large extent; as a result, it was scaled up to all Dar es Salaam region districts. The study recommends comprehensive research to explore the challenges faced by fit persons, social workers and children under the fit person's program.ent factors affecting access to Pre-Trial Diversion services by juvenile offenders from high density suburbs in Zimbabwe.

How to cite this article using ASWNet style
Buhori, J, A. (2023). Social work perspective of the achievements of the Fit Person (s) Program in Temeke, Dar es Salaam – Tanzania. People centred – The Journal of Development Administration (JDA), 8(4), 94-102. https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jda.v8i4.1
Visit journal website: https://jda.africasocialwork.net
Does the Community-Driven Development Approach Enhance Livelihoods? Evidence from Tanzania
Authors: Kisusi Fidelis Lucas , Ndesanjo Ronald Boniphace 
Published: February 2024

This article determines the impact of the community-driven development (CDD) approach of the second phase of the Lake Victoria Environmental Management Project (LVEMP II) on livelihood enhancement in Kwimba District, Tanzania. The paper specifically examines determinants and levels of participation; and the impact of participation in the CDD subprojects on income and asset accumulation, using a sample of 210 households. Data analysis employed Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression and thematic content analysis for quantitative and qualitative data, respectively. Findings indicate that education level, matching grants, and membership in community groups determine participation in the CDD subprojects. There is a moderate level of participation in the CDD subprojects stages. Findings further show that households participating in the CDD subprojects were found to earn 6% more income and own 10% more assets than their non-participating counterparts. It is recommended that policymakers design and implement context focused CDD subprojects for them to have impact.
How to cite this article using ASWNet style
Kisusi, F. L. & Ndesanjo, R. B. (2023). Does the Community-Driven Development Approach Enhance Livelihoods? Evidence from Tanzania. People centred – The Journal of Development Administration (JDA), 8(4), 103-112. https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jda.v8i4.2
Visit journal website: https://jda.africasocialwork.net
Risk factors for stroke in the African populace: need for action
Authors: Bolaji Paul 
Published: February 2024

The burden of stroke cannot be overemphasized especially in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). More than two-thirds of stroke deaths arise from these countries as well as nearly 90% of stroke-related morbidities. Unfortunately, it has been suggested that there might be up to a three-fold increase in stroke incidence and a higher prevalence in Africa in the year 2021. The known risk factors for stroke are similar to those in developed countries: age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolaemia, and central obesity. These risk factors have often been overlooked in patients who present with stroke in Africa. Other important risk factors for stroke include high salt intake and red meat consumption, low consumption of green leafy vegetables, air pollution, undernutrition in infancy and genetic factors. Possibly the most efficient way of curbing the impact of stroke in Africa is to address the risk factors. The aim of this article is to shine some light on these risk factors in sub-Saharan Africa and proffer some solutions to address the menace of stroke
Stroke units in low and middle income countries (LMICs) save lives: application of the western model of stroke care
Authors: Taiwo Omotayo , Koko Min K. , Hakim Eluzai 
Published: February 2024

Stroke is defined as a syndrome of rapidly developing clinical signs of focal or global disturbance of cerebral function with symptoms lasting 24 hours or longer or leading to death with no apparent cause other than of vascular origin. In the current management of stroke in developed countries, stroke units form a vital part of the care pathway. Stroke units save lives, reduce disability, mitigate against complications such as aspiration pneumonitis, facilitate early discharge home with timely interventions by a Multidisciplinary Team. Whilst the burden of stroke has decreased in high income countries, this decrease is lowest in sub-Saharan Africa.
ANALISIS FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN PELAKSANAAN ANTENATAL CARE DAN PEMILIHAN PERSALINAN DI PUSKESMAS LHOKSUKON KABUPATEN ACEH UTARA TAHUN 2020
Authors: Maulida Husna 
Published: February 2024

A B S T R A C T
Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) is one of the development targets and one of the sensitive indicators in describing the welfare of the community in a country. In this case the effort to reduce the MMR is very much in need of quality Ante Natal Care (ANC) and Intranatal Care (INC) services, The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors associated with the implementation of Antenatal care and the selection of labor Lhoksukon Community Health Center Working Area North Aceh District in 2020. The type of this research is observational analytic research with cross sectional design. The sampling technique is proportional sampling with a sample size of 170 people. analysis found a history of diseases that are highly associated with the implementation of Antenatal care and Birt Attendant selection at Lhoksuon Health Center in North Aceh District with p< 0.05 obtained by PR of 1048 dengan 95% CI 62,128-3176 means history of disease 1048 times has a relationship with the implementation of antenatal care and the selection of labor in the working area of ​​Lhoksukon Community Health Center in North Aceh in 2020. It is hoped that pregnant women can increase their knowledge of pregnancy and childbirth so that the mother is ready to undergo pregnancy and childbirth process safely and safely.

B S T R A K
AKI merupakan salah satu target pembangunan dan salah satu indikator yang peka dalam menggambarkan kesejahteraan masyarakat di suatu Negara. Dalam hal ini upaya untuk menurunkan AKI ini sangat membutuhkan pelayanan Ante Natal Care (ANC) dan Intranatal Care (INC) yang berkualitas. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis faktor yang berhubungan dengan pelaksanaan Antenatal care dan pemilihan persalinan di Puskesmas Lhokdukon Kabupaten Aceh Utara. Populasi dalam penelitian ini yaitu ibu hamil trimester tiga. Teknik pengambilan sampel secara proporsional sampling dengan jumlah sampel 170 orang. Hasil penelitian ini didapati nilai p > 0,05 diperoleh PR sebesar 1048 dengan 95% CI 62,128-3176 berarti riwayat penyakit 1048 kali memiliki hubungan dengan pelaksanaan antenatal care dan pemilihan persalinan di wilayah kerja puskesmas Puskesmas Lhokdukon Kabupaten Aceh Utara tahun 2020. Diharapkan bagi ibu hamil agar dapat meningkatkan lagi pengetahuan tentang kehamilan dan proses persalinan sehingga ibu siap dalam menjalani kehamilan dan proses persalinan dengan sehat dan selamat.
Análisis comparativo de modelos de propagación para comunicaciones en entornos acústicos submarinos
Authors: Molina Molina Stalin Bolivar , Ñaupa Shagñay Erika Viviana 
Published: February 2024

Este documento presenta un análisis comparativo de los modos de propagación referente a la importancia de la forma del perfil de la velocidad del sonido, y para determinar la pérdida de transmisión del campo acústico generado por ondas acústicas que se propaga en el agua.Estos son usados para obtener la representación gráfica de las pérdidas de transmisión dependiendo de la distancia y la profundidad. Se obtienen las respectivas graficas a raíz de su simulación según el modo propagado y la contribución lateral de la onda, de esa forma con los parámetros que se exponen se determina el modelo más eficiente en propagación acústica. La comparativa radica en ver los detalles de cada modelo y tener en cuenta a más de la eficiencia los errores que también pueden existir, además de ello en conjunto con minúsculos detalles subscritos, aprender varias teorías para llegar a un resultado propicio.
Role of Religion and Secularism in Shaping Social Values, Norms and Identities in Various Societies and Communities in Egypt
Authors: Khalil Hossam 
Published: February 2024

Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate role of religion and secularism in shaping social values, norms, and identities in various societies and communities in Egypt.
Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries.
Findings: Religion, especially Islam, has historically been a significant influence on social values and norms in Egypt. The government has also played a role in promoting conservative religious interpretations. Egypt's religious diversity and evolving social movements have contributed to a dynamic environment where religion and secularism intersect in shaping societal identities and values.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Social identity theory & secularization theory& religious pluralism theory may be used to anchor future studies on role of religion and secularism in shaping social values, norms, and identities in various societies and communities in Egypt. Encourage interfaith dialogue and initiatives that foster mutual understanding and respect among religious and secular communities. Develop and implement policies that safeguard religious freedom and secularism as fundamental human rights.
The Effect of a Combination of Rubber Wood and Palm Shells as a Source of Fuel in the Fumigation Process Ribbed Smoked Sheet (RSS)
Authors: Mulia Sukri , Yurizki Yusra , Nasution Nurhadida 
Published: February 2024

Natural rubber is one of the ingredients result that there are many rubber plantation in Indonesia, products of natural rubber product manufactured by company nationwide Rubber Company is lateks dark, ribbed smoked sheet and crumb rubber one of products manufactured by the factory rubber factory in Indonesia is ribbed smoked sheet. ribbed smoked sheet is one kind of processed products derived from latex or latex have a brisiliensis rubber plants are processed in mechanical and chemical engineering using a drying room with smoke, almost all factories do fumigation only using rubber wood as fuel, the researchers are looking for alternative fuel using palm shells are pretty much and easily accessible in the palm oil mill. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of fuel combination of rubber wood and palm shells as a fuel source fumigation ribbed smoked sheet this study uses fuel of rubber wood and palm shells by using a laboratory scale fumigation, the first combination used 100% rubber woods, the second combination used 50% rubber woods and 50% palm shells the third combination used 100% palm shells. Ribbed smoked sheet which is observed according to the ribbed smoked sheet Indonesian national standard (SNI) the result of the study indicated that wood rubber fuel produce the best ribbed smoked sheet than palm shells and the combination of palm shells and rubber wood.
Few-Mode Fiber-Based Long-Period Fiber Gratings: A Review
Authors: Chen Siyu , Ma Yuehui , Su Hang , Fan Xiaolong , Liu Yunqi 
Published: February 2024

Long-period fiber gratings (LPFGs) are efficient ways to achieve high-order core mode conversion and vortex mode conversion in few-mode fibers (FMFs), which have the benefits of flexible structure, high integration, low insertion loss, and strong wavelength selectivity. With the rapid development of mode division multiplexing (MDM) optical communications, the FMF-LPFGs could have promising applications in the field of MDM optical communications and optical sensors. In this paper, we briefly introduce the principle of optical coupling, theoretical analysis, fabrication techniques, and applications of the FMF-LPFGs in optical communications and optical sensors. The CO2-laser writing technique and arc discharge technique are widely used for the fabrication of FMF-LPFGs and FMF helical long-period gratings (HLPGs). The hydrogen-oxygen flame technique has the advantage on the fabrication of FMF-HLPGs. The mechanical micro-bending and acoustic induction techniques are flexible and effective methods in fundamental researches. The femtosecond laser technique has the advantages for the fabrication of parallel FMF-LPFGs and micro-structure FMF-LPFGs. The mode converters based on the FMF-LPFGs have been demonstrated using different inscription techniques. The FMF-LPFG converters have the advantages such as temperature insensitivity and wavelength tunability. The broadband converters have been demonstrated based on the phase-shift FMF-LPFG, cascaded FMF-LPFGs, and FMF-LPFG operating at dispersion turning point. The FMF-LPFGs and FMF-HLPGs are an excellent option to generate all-fiber orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes in different specialty FMFs, especially the FMF-HLPGs can excite different-order OAM modes directly. As the novel fiber component, the sensing application of FMF-LPFGs and FMF-HLPGs is also briefly introduced.

Received: 2 January 2024 | Revised: 4 February 2024 | Accepted: 4 February 2024

Conflicts of Interest
Yunqi Liu is the editor-in-chief, and Siyu Chen is a peer review support specialist for Journal of Optics and Photonics Research and was not involved in the editorial review or the decision to publish this article. The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to this work.

Data Availability Statement
Data is available on request from the authors.