bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanical behavior of chemically treated ostrich pericardium subjected to uniaxial tensile testing: influence of the suture
Authors: García Páez J. M. , Carrera A. , Herrero E. Jorge , Millán I. , Rocha A. , Cordón A. , Téllez G. , Maestro M. , Calero P. , Castillo‐Olivares J. L. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe mechanical behavior of sutured ostrich pericardium was studied by uniaxial tensile testing. One hundred forty‐four tissue specimens were assessed: 96 sutured samples (48 in which a centrally located suture was placed at an angle of 90 degrees with respect to the longitudinal axis, whereas in the remaining 48, a centrally located suture was placed at a 45° angle to the longitudinal axis, in sets of 12 samples each, sewn with sutures made of Gore‐Tex, nylon, Prolene, or silk), and 48 unsutured controls. Each group of 24 samples sewn at one angle or the other with the different suture materials was assayed together with a corresponding control group of 12 unsutured samples. The mean tensile strengths in the unsutured controls ranged between 30.16 MPa and 43.42 MPa, whereas those of the sutured sets ranged from 14.68 MPa to 21.91 MPa. The latter presented a statistically significant loss of resistance (p < 0.01) when compared with the unsutured tissue samples. The angle of the suture with respect to the longitudinal axis influenced the degree of shear stress produced by the suture, as well as the behavior of the different suture materials used. The set of samples sewn with Prolene appeared to be that most sensitive to changes in the angle of the suture, whereas tissue sewn at a 45° angle with Gore‐Tex presented lower shear stress values in comparison with samples in which the other three materials were used. A method of tissue selection based on morphological and mechanical criteria was used to ensure the homogeneity of the results in such a way that the coefficients of determination (R2) for the stress/strain curve fitting equation ranged between 0.888 and 0.995. This excellent fit made it possible, applying regression analysis, to predict the mechanical behavior of a specimen by determining that of a contiguous tissue sample. Thus, it should be possible, at least theoretically, to characterize the behavior of a specific region or zone of the biomaterial. In conclusion, ostrich pericardium exhibits strong resistance to rupture, even when sutured. The selection method used ensures the homogeneity of the samples and, thus, of the results. The angle of the suture with respect to the longitudinal axis, where the load is centered, determines the shear stress produced by the suture and the mechanical behavior of each suture material. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 62: 73–81, 2002
Solvent models for protein–ligand binding: Comparison of implicit solvent poisson and surface generalized born models with explicit solvent simulations
Authors: Zhang Linda Yu , Gallicchio Emilio , Friesner Richard A. , Levy Ronald M. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractSolvent effects play a crucial role in mediating the interactions between proteins and their ligands. Implicit solvent models offer some advantages for modeling these interactions, but they have not been parameterized on such complex problems, and therefore, it is not clear how reliable they are. We have studied the binding of an octapeptide ligand to the murine MHC class I protein using both explicit solvent and implicit solvent models. The solvation free energy calculations are more than 103 faster using the Surface Generalized Born implicit solvent model compared to FEP simulations with explicit solvent. For some of the electrostatic calculations needed to estimate the binding free energy, there is near quantitative agreement between the explicit and implicit solvent model results; overall, the qualitative trends in the binding predicted by the explicit solvent FEP simulations are reproduced by the implicit solvent model. With an appropriate choice of reference system based on the binding of the discharged ligand, electrostatic interactions are found to enhance the binding affinity because the favorable Coulomb interaction energy between the ligand and protein more than compensates for the unfavorable free energy cost of partially desolvating the ligand upon binding. Some of the effects of protein flexibility and thermal motions on charging the peptide in the solvated complex are also considered. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Comput Chem 22: 591–607, 2001
Automatic parameterization of force field by systematic search and genetic algorithms
Authors: Wang Junmei , Kollman Peter A. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractParmscan is an automatic engine for force‐field parameterization. In this work, we applied both systematic search (SS) and a genetic algorithm (GA) to optimize the force‐field parameters (bond length, bond angle, as well as torsional angle terms) to reproduce the relative energies of conformational pairs as well as other molecular properties such as vibrational frequencies. We present an example of how to apply Parmscan to reproduce the relative energies of 11 hydrocarbons by optimizing the torsional parameter of C–C–C–C using both systematic search and the genetic algorithm. Both of the two methods successfully found the lowest RMS error, which is 0.51 kcal/mol (the unsigned mean error is 0.37 kcal/mol). The Cornell et al. model (Parm94, ref. 21) achieves an RMS error of 0.78 kcal/mol. A second example is the application of the genetic algorithm to optimize the torsional parameter C–O–C–O and bond angle parameter O–C–O simultaneously for 11 dioxanes, to reproduce the experimental relative energies. After 300–400 iterations of GA optimizations, the RMS deviation is reduced to 0.56–0.57 kcal/mol, slightly better than that of Parm99 (ref. 22) and much better than that of the Cornell et al. model. In further applications, the bond length and bond angle parameters of hydrocarbons and benzene were optimized to reproduce the experimental vibrational frequencies. Encouraging results were obtained compared to the Cornell et al. force field: for the low vibrational frequencies of ethane, propane, and butane, the new model achieves an unsigned mean error of 19 cm−1, compared to 30 cm−1 of the Cornell et al. model; for 20 vibrational frequencies of benzene, the new model can also give much smaller unsigned mean error (29 vs. 53 cm−1). It seems that after appropriate parameterizations, a simple harmonic molecular model, such as employed in AMBER, can also reproduce lower vibrational frequencies of molecules quite well. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Comput Chem 22: 1219–1228, 2001
New energy terms for reduced protein models implemented in an off‐lattice force field
Authors: Hassinen Tommi , Peräkylä Mikael 
Published: September 2002

AbstractParameterization and test calculations of a reduced protein model with new energy terms are presented. The new energy terms retain the steric properties and the most significant degrees of freedom of protein side chains in an efficient way using only one to three virtual atoms per amino acid residue. The energy terms are implemented in a force field containing predefined secondary structure elements as constraints, electrostatic interaction terms, and a solvent‐accessible surface area term to include the effect of solvation. In the force field the main‐chain peptide units are modeled as electric dipoles, which have constant directions in α‐helices and β‐sheets and variable conformation‐dependent directions in loops. Protein secondary structures can be readily modeled using these dipole terms. Parameters of the force field were derived using a large set of experimental protein structures and refined by minimizing RMS errors between the experimental structures and structures generated using molecular dynamics simulations. The final average RMS error was 3.7 Å for the main‐chain virtual atoms (Cα atoms) and 4.2 Å for all virtual atoms for a test set of 10 proteins with 58–294 amino acid residues. The force field was further tested with a substantially larger test set of 608 proteins yielding somewhat lower accuracy. The fold recognition capabilities of the force field were also evaluated using a set of 27,814 misfolded decoy structures. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Comput Chem 22: 1229–1242, 2001
Activities of erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes in cancer patients
Authors: Abiaka Clifford , Al‐Awadi Farida , Al‐Sayer Hilal , Gulshan Sima , Behbehani Abdulla , Farghally Medhat 
Published: September 2002

AbstractWe measured the activities of erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) before therapy in 97 patients with cancer in various sites (gastrointestinal tract (GIT) (n=40), breast (n=30), and others (n=27)), and in 60 matched controls to assess antioxidant enzyme protection. Hemolysate hemoglobin (Hb) was measured spectrophotometrically. The activity of SOD (U/g Hb) was significantly lower in all sites (when all the cancer sites were considered as a group), GIT, breast, and other sites compared to the controls (P<0.0001, P<0.0001, P<0.0001 and P<0.0001, respectively). The activity of GPX (U/g Hb) was significantly decreased in all sites, GIT, and breast cancer sites than in the controls (P=0.024, P=0.033, and P=0.043, respectively). Age showed a weak negative correlation with enzyme activities in controls and patients. There was no significant association between SOD and GPX activities in either the controls or the patients. These results suggest that there may be a greater antioxidant burden for SOD than GPX in cancer, and that a weak association exists between the activities of the two enzymes in antioxidant protection. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anti‐smooth muscle antibodies (ASMAs) and anti‐cytoskeleton antibodies (ACTAs) in liver diseases: a comparison of classical indirect immunofluorescence with ELISA
Authors: Zamanou A. , Tsirogianni A. , Terzoglou C. , Balafas A. , Economidou I. , Lymberi P. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractIn the diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis type I (AIH‐I), the routine assay of indirect immunofluorescence (IFL), used for the detection of anti‐smooth muscle antibodies (ASMAs), has a low predictive value. On the other hand, the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), which detects anti‐cytoskeleton antibodies (ACTAs), presents contradictory results concerning their specific antigenic target. In this study, we first looked for the immunological properties (isotypes and antigenic targets) of autoantibodies in AIH‐I and two other control liver diseases: primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and viral hepatitis (VH), using ELISA based on cytoskeleton proteins: F‐actin, G‐actin, myosin, tropomyosin, troponin, desmin, vimentin, keratin, and an extract of HEp‐2 carcinoma cells. We also compared the diagnostic value of IFL and ELISA. In contrast to previous studies, we found that actin was not specific for AIH‐I. No autoantigen and no antibody class or subclass discriminated AIH‐I from the control diseases. IFL is more suitable for AIH‐I diagnosis, as 97% of AIH‐I sera but only 22% of PBC sera were ASMA‐positive. Additionally, 96% of ASMA‐positive, and all ASMA‐negative sera from all three liver diseases were ACTA‐positive. ASMA were mainly IgG, while >50% of ACTA also contained IgA and IgM. These data suggest that ACTAs recognize additional epitopes as compared to ASMAs, and they frequently occur in all liver diseases. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of elevated concentration of alkaline phosphatase on cardiac troponin I assays
Authors: Dasgupta Amitava , Chow Leonard , Wells Alice , Datta Pradip 
Published: September 2002

AbstractTroponin I is the regulatory subunit of troponin complex associated with the actin thin filament within muscle cells. Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) is a good marker for diagnosis of myocardial damage. Several immunoassays are available for determination of cTnI in serum. The Stratus cTnI fluorometric enzyme immunoassay (Dade International) uses alkaline phosphatase (ALP) substrate. The microparticle enzyme immunoassay (MEIA) for cTnI (Abbott Laboratories) also uses ALP conjugate. On the other hand, the chemiluminescent assay (CLIA) for cTnI (Bayer Diagnostics) does not use ALP. ALP activity may frequently be elevated in serum of patients being evaluated for suspected myocardial infarction. Therefore, we studied the potential interference of ALP in cTnI assays. Serum pools were prepared from patients, and various concentrations of ALP solution were added to different aliquots. The cTnI concentrations were measured by the Stratus, MEIA, and CLIA assays. We observed no interference of ALP in the MEIA and CLIA assay for cTnI. On the other hand, we observed significant positive interference of ALP when cTnI concentrations were measured using the Stratus. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 15:175–177, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparative study of cardiac troponin I and T measurements in a routine extra‐cardiological clinical setting
Authors: Pagani Franca , Bonetti Graziella , Panteghini Mauro 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThis study compared troponin I (cTnI) to troponin T (cTnT) in a population admitted to General Medicine Divisions in whom acute myocardial infarction (AMI) was suspected; 98 consecutive patients were included. Diagnoses were made without knowledge of troponin results: 51 patients had AMI, and 47 (including 8 with unstable angina) had no AMI. Patients were considered to be troponin positive if the marker concentration was >99th percentile value of the reference population. Both troponins were associated with an almost absolute sensitivity for AMI (100% for cTnI and 98.0% for cTnT), while the specificity was marginally higher for cTnI (78.7% vs. 68.1%). Increased cTnI and/or cTnT were observed in 15 patients out of 39 without acute coronary syndromes. Simultaneous positivity was seen in 8 patients with severe disorders and complications. Discordances were more frequent in favor of increased cTnT (n = 5) than the opposite (n = 2), even if this difference did not achieve statistical significance. cTnI and cTnT detected AMI with comparable efficiency. Cases without coronary syndrome positively concordant for troponins confirmed the ability of these biomarkers to detect myocardial injury undetectable by conventional diagnostic approaches. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 15:210–214, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Direct measurement of HDL cholesterol: Method eliminating apolipoprotein E‐rich particles
Authors: Okada Masahiko , Matsui Hiroshi , Ito Yasuki , Fujiwara Akira 
Published: September 2002

AbstractIt has been reported that the existing direct method of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol measures particles enriched with apolipoprotein E (apoE). The aim of our study was to investigate a new analytical protocol to directly measure HDL cholesterol that eliminates apoE‐rich particles. The interactions of four lipoproteins (HDL3, HDL2, LDL, and VLDL + chylomicron) with surfactants, divalent cations, sugars, and lectins were investigated. By analyzing sera, HDL3, and HDL2, we examined the relationships among the measurements obtained by our protocol, a precipitation method using heparin‐MnCl2, and a commercially available kit for this direct method. A significant difference was found between the direct method and the heparin‐MnCl2 method, but not between our protocol and the heparin‐MnCl2 method. Multiple regression analysis showed that the difference between the direct method and the heparin MnCl2 method is dependent on sources of apoE‐rich HDL. In conclusion, our protocol enables a direct measurement of HDL cholesterol that eliminates apoE‐rich particles. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 15:223–229, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cognitive–behavior therapy for PTSD in rape survivors
Authors: Jaycox Lisa H. , Zoellner Lori , Foa Edna B. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractIn recent years, new data have appeared, further suggesting the utility of cognitive–behavioral interventions for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) subsequent to sexual assault. In this article, we present a model of cognitive–behavioral treatment (CBT) for PTSD in rape survivors. Emotional‐processing theory, which proposes mechanisms that underlie the development of disturbances following rape, is reviewed. A CBT‐based therapy (Prolonged Exposure) is presented that entails education about common reactions to trauma, relaxation training, imaginal reliving of the rape memory, exposure to trauma reminders, and cognitive restructuring. Current research regarding the use of prolonged exposure is discussed. The case example of a young female rape survivor is described in detail, and her prior substance dependence and intense shame are highlighted. The therapy was successful in reducing the client's symptoms of PTSD, as well as her depressive symptoms, and these gains were maintained at a one‐year follow‐up assessment. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol/In Session 58: 891–906, 2002.
Brief psychodynamic treatment of PTSD
Authors: Krupnick Janice L. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThis article describes a brief psychodynamic psychotherapy for adults suffering from PTSD following exposure to a single traumatic event, such as tragic bereavement, assault, or loss of a body part through surgery. It uses a supportive therapeutic relationship to uncover what the specific event and circumstances that follow mean to the individual and the obstacles to normal psychological processing of these events. Using this 12‐session treatment model, therapists pay particular attention to the individual's current phase of response and the typical ways that the individual avoids threatening information. Making links among the recent trauma, earlier developmental experiences that may have rendered the individual vulnerable to the development of PTSD, and ways that conflicts are reenacted in the therapeutic dyad, dynamic therapists seek to help traumatized individuals re‐establish a sense of coherence and meaning in their lives. A case illustration is provided to demonstrate the phases and techniques in this approach. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol/In Session 58: 919–932, 2002
Psychosocial treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: A practice‐friendly review of outcome research
Authors: Solomon Susan D. , Johnson Dawn M. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractA review of the treatment research indicates that several forms of therapy appear to be useful in reducing the symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Strongest support is found for the treatments that combine cognitive and behavioral techniques. Hypnosis, psychodynamic, anxiety management, and group therapies also may produce short‐term symptom reduction. Still unknown is whether any approach produces lasting effects. Imaginal exposure to trauma memories and hypnosis are techniques most likely to affect the intrusive symptoms of PTSD, while cognitive and psychodynamic approaches may address better the numbing and avoidance symptoms. Treatment should be tailored to the severity and type of presenting PTSD symptoms, to the type of trauma experience, and to the many likely comorbid diagnoses and adjustment problems. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol/In Session 58: 947–959, 2002.
Quality of life and breast cancer: Relationship to psychosocial variables
Authors: Shapiro Shauna L. , Lopez Ana Maria , Schwartz Gary E. , Bootzin Richard , Figueredo Aurelio J. , Braden Carrie Jo , Kurker Sarah F. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe aim of this article is to shed more light on the relationship between quality of life and aspects of the psychosocial experience for women with breast cancer. The literature is briefly reviewed, including highlights of the psychosocial consequences of cancer, an exploration of the relationship of psychosocial variables to cancer, and a brief review of psychosocial interventions for cancer. Further, preliminary findings of an on‐going NCI study are introduced. Finally, clinical implications are discussed. The purpose of this article is to provide a context and foundation on which future researchers and clinicians can build. Ultimately, we suggest that the biomedical model of disease, though crucial, does not take into account all of the complex factors involved in cancer. The current literature lends support to the argument that a broader, more integrative framework, which includes psychosocial factors, is needed. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Psychol 57: 501–519, 2001
Quality of life measurement in children and adolescents: Issues, instruments, and applications
Authors: Wallander Jan L. , Schmitt Margaret , Koot Hans M. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThere is increasing interest in measuring quality of life (QL) in children and adolescents, but this interest has developed without careful attention given numerous important issues. Consequently, there is much diversity and confusion in this measurement area. We discuss at a conceptual level herein how to construe and define QL, approach its measurement, and the implications of for whom this is done. Methodological issues pertaining to validation, proxy report, and child development are also discussed. Guidelines for selecting QL measures are provided and a set of generic QL measures is recommended for further consideration. Finally, applications of the QL concept in the policy, service and care, and science areas are delineated. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Psychol 57: 571–585, 2001
Addition of activated carbon to batch activated sludge reactors in the treatment of landfill leachate and domestic wastewater
Authors: Aktaş Özgür , Çeçen Ferhan 
Published: September 2002

AbstractLeachate from a municipal landfill was combined with domestic wastewater and was treated in batch activated sludge systems. The effectiveness and applicability of the addition of Powdered Activated Carbon (PAC) to activated sludge reactors was investigated. Isotherm tests were carried out with PAC in order to estimate the extent of adsorption of organic matter onto PAC. Then, in activated sludge reactors COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) removal and nitrification were studied both in the absence and presence of PAC for comparison purposes. In both cases, Oxygen Uptake Rates (OUR) were measured with respect to time in order to investigate substrate removal and change in microbial activity. Addition of PAC to activated sludge increased COD removal by removing mainly the non‐biodegradable fraction in leachate. The COD decreases in batch reactors were best expressed by a first‐order kinetic model that incorporated this non‐biodegradable leachate fraction. With added PAC, nitrification was also enhanced. But in all of the batch runs a significant accumulation of NO2‐N took place, indicating that the second step of nitrification was still inhibited.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Characterisation of deactivating agents and their influence on the stability of manganese‐dependent peroxidase from Phanerochaete chrysosporium
Authors: Cabaleiro David R , Rodríguez Susana , Sanromán Angeles , Longo María A 
Published: September 2002

AbstractProduction of manganese‐dependent peroxidase (MnP) by Phanerochaete chrysosporium in semi‐solid‐state cultures is described. The stability of MnP during the production stage and in the crude enzyme preparations was studied. Inactivation of MnP by various factors including proteases, hydrogen peroxide and pH value in semi‐solid‐state cultures on an inert support (nylon sponge) was studied. Strategies to avoid inactivation are described. Hydrogen peroxide was shown to be essential for enzyme deactivation. A method for the elimination of H2O2 based on catalase addition has been designed which resulted in improvement in both enzyme production and stability.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry