bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The probability of finding a z &lt; 0.79 AGN changing-look optically is 0.0083?
Authors: Shen Yu-Fu 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) are characterized as supermassive black holes that accret matter, and are located at the center of a galaxy. AGNs are known to show flux variability, but some of them show much more dramatic changes, such as variations in their broad emission lines and X-ray cutoff frequencies, so-called changing-look AGNs (CL-AGNs). The causes of these changes are still unclear. The proportion of CL-AGN P could provide valuable insights into the underlying causes of CL-AGN, but it is hard to determine, since CL-AGN may have different timescales, so even if no CL event is observed, the possibility of it being a CL-AGN cannot be ruled out. In this work, P ∙ α, the probability of finding an AGN changing-look is defined, which is easier to determine, where α is the proportion of time an AGN exhibits changing. To obtain reliable P ∙ α, the two crucial steps are to acquire a sample with minimal selection biases and to minimize the Bayesian error. The Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope data release 8 has observed a total of 1087 AGNs at least twice randomly, of which 486 have a redshift of less than 0.79. This is a sample with weak selection effect because it was not preselected based on conditions such as the amplitude of flux variation. By analyzing the OIII and Hβ flux ratios of these 486 AGNs, 6 CL-AGN candidates are identified, and several modes of changes in Hβ lines are found. Out of the 365 AGNs observed twice, there are 3 CL-AGN candidates; out of 82 AGNs observed thrice, there are 2; and out of 25 AGNs observed four times, there is one. These detailed data can constrain the range of P and α, resulting in P ∙ α ∼ 0.0083±0.0002. In addition, by combining WISE data, it seems that when the Hβ line itself enhances, the infrared band magnitude also significantly increases; However, when the Hβ line is enhanced due to the elevation of the continuous spectrum, there is no significant change in the infrared band, which may indicate that there are two independent regions contributing to the Hβ line.
Putative Identification of 12 Isomeric and 21 Non-isomeric Compounds from Leaves of Rubus Alceifolius Poir Using Database-affinity UHPLC-Q-Exactive-Qrbitrap-MS/MS
Authors: Li xican , Zeng Jingyuan , Ca Rongxin , Chen Shaoman , Li Chunhou , Jin Nana , Chen Tingshan , Lin Xiaohua , Khan Sunbal 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This is the first article to report of the chemical profile of the leaves of Rubus alceifolius Poir, a widely distributed medicinal plant in the Eastern Hemisphere. Fresh leaves of R. alceifolius were treated by a set of experimental protocols to prepare a lyophilized aqueous extract. A novel strategy was used to analyze the extract, i.e., The extract was then analyzed using a new strategy, i.e., database-affinity ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-Exactive-Orbitrap-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Exactive-Orbitrap-MS/MS). Using MS/MS at full elucidation and comparison with the database, 33 compounds were putatively identified, including 12 flavonoid derivatives, 6 phenolic acid derivatives, 6 caffeoylquinic acids, two tea polyphenols, and others. Especially, 12 isomers have been strictly distinguished, including apigenin vs 2'-hydroxydaidzein, luteolin 7-O-glucuronide vs scutellarin, (+) catechin vs (-) epicatechin, 3-O-caffeoylquinic acid vs 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid vs 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid, and 3,4-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid vs 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid vs 4,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid. In addition, 21 non-isomeric compounds were also found under both negative and positive ion models, such as ellagic acid and gallic acid. Structural comparison suggested that there were biogenetic relationships among the flavonoid derivatives, such as glycosidation and hydroxylation. All these new findings will help to understand the substance basis of the traditional medicinal functions of R. Alceifolius. The structural comparison suggested biogenetic relationships between flavonoid derivatives, such as glycosidation and hydroxylation. These findings will allow the scientific community to better understand R. Alceifolius traditional medicinal functions.
In vitro micropropagation and hairy root induction for astragaloside IV production in Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus
Authors: Taghizadeh Siamak , Özzambak Mustafa Ercan , Zeybekoglu Emrah , Salehian Hamed , Azadi Pejman 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus, is an important natural source of bioactive constituents. Pharmacological and clinical studies of secondary metabolites have confirmed that A. membranaceus has diverse biological functions. Plant tissue culture-based techniques and hairy root and adventitious root cultures are often used as practical platforms for the exploitation of biochemical compounds from medicinal plants. In this study, micropropagation of A. membranaceus was optimized for rapid proliferation, and hairy roots were induced by three strains of Agrobacterium rhizogenes (A4, A13, and MSU), on two leaf explant ages (10- and 20-day old), and three inoculation times (10, 20, and 30 min). In addition, the effects of three concentrations (100, 250, and 500 µM L− 1) of salicylic acid (SA) and methyl jasmonate (MJ) on astragaloside IV accumulation in A. membranaceus hairy roots were investigated. The highest number and length of branches were obtained on MS medium supplemented with 1 mg L− 1 BAP. Strain A13 caused the highest rate of induction of hairy root in leaf explants. In addition, since the age of explants had a significant effect on hairy root formation, the youngest explants obtained the highest number and longest hairy roots. Results showed that inducers of methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid elicitors could effectively stimulate the content of astragaloside. Our study showed that treating hairy root cultures with 250 µM MJ or 500 µM SA effectively increased astragaloside-IV accumulation in A. membranaceus hairy roots. Therefore, The findings provide valuable insights into optimal conditions for increasing large-scale production of astragaloside-IV such as industrial production in bioreactors.
Violence Against Healthcare Workers: ViSHWaS a Cross-Sectional Sub-analysis across the Kenya Region
Authors: Shah Reena , Shah Jasmit , Qasba Rakhtan K. , Qasba Ruman K. , Mbithi Annastacia , Njenga Erick , Banga Akshat , Kashyap Rahul , Surani Salim 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Objective: Global concern exists for workplace violence against healthcare workers (HCWs), especially in low and middle-income nations. This violence includes physical, verbal, or sexual abuse and has a significant impact despite initiatives like Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) guidelines. We conducted a study in Kenya to address this issue.
Methods: We did a cross-sectional survey that collected responses during June 6th to August 9th, 2022, focused on healthcare professionals in Kenya within the global ViSHWaS study. Violence against healthcare professionals in multiple Kenyan counties was analysed, The study reached participants through social media, emails, and other channels using a snowball sampling technique.
Results: The survey included 1,458 HCWs, primarily females (66.5%), aged 36-45 (42.4%), and of African race, representing 40 counties, with the majority from Nairobi (28.9%) and working in government academic (35.5%) and private academic institutions (20.6%). Most had over 11 years of healthcare experience (64.4%), and registered nurses were the most common cadre (27.8%). Approximately half (49.9%) reported experiencing violence, with verbal violence (80.6%) and emotional abuse (78.6%) being common. Online harassment was reported by only 3.5%, mainly on Facebook (63.2%), involving hate speech (92.1%). Patients or their relatives were the most common aggressors (44.7%), while supervisors accounted for 12.5%. The frequency of violence varied, and 80.2% noted an increase after the COVID-19 pandemic. Only 41.2% of incidents were reported. Most were familiar with safety guidelines (93.6%). Self-violence was associated with familiarity with guidelines, concern about violence, preparedness, and night shifts, while colleague violence was associated with age, gender, race, work experience, training, preparedness, and night shifts.
Conclusion: Our Kenya-based cross-sectional sub-analysis highlights that a significant number of HCWs experienced violence, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, which negatively affected job satisfaction. Although most HCWs were familiar with OSHA guidelines, there were difficulties in their practical implementation.
First molecular identification and subtyping of Blastocystis sp. in the most consumed edible marine fish of Iran: A foodborne concern
Authors: Asghari Ali , Banavand Shaghayegh , Akhlaghzadeh Maryam , Shamsi Laya , Hatam Golamreza 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The presence of Blastocystis sp. is commonly observed in humans and different animals, displaying a wide range of genetic variations with the discovery of multiple subtypes (STs). However, the prevalence and distribution of these STs in edible marine fish and marine mammals remain uncertain. This study marks the first survey conducted in Iran and the second global molecular investigation to examine the occurrence and STs distribution of Blastocystis in various species of edible marine fish. This study screened 200 fresh intestinal contents from 10 well-known fish species (Narrow-barred mackerel, Indo-pacific king mackerel, Tigertooth croaker, Silver pomfret, Black pomfret, Longtail tuna, John's snapper, Blackspotted croaker, Four-finger threadfin, and Javelin grunter) in southern Iran, caught in the Persian Gulf. All collected samples were evaluated by microscopy and SSU-PCR methods. Based on both microscopy and PCR, the overall prevalence of Blastocystis sp. in evaluated fish species was [2% (4/200)]. In brief, Blastocystis sp. was reported from Narrow-barred mackerel [10% (2/20)], Silver pomfret [5% (1/20)], and Tigertooth croaker [5% (1/20)]. Interestingly, among infected fish species three zoonotic STs (ST1, ST2, and ST7) were identified. ST2 was the most predominant ST [50% (2/4)], followed by ST1 and ST7, one sample each [5% (1/20)]. Overall, the prevalence and STs distribution of Blastocystis in edible marine fish along with the possibility of its zoonotic transmission are still open to question and require extensive and more detailed studies.
The SOC of steppe grasslands is more sensitive to grazing than desert-steppe grasslands and is regulated by precipitation outside the growing season in the Mongolian Plateau
Authors: Quan Zhijia , Tsubo Mitsuru , Shinoda Masato , Cheng Yunxiang 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Purpose
Soil organic carbon (SOC) predominates organic carbon pools in grassland. To address global climate change, it is essential to explore the soil organic carbon influencing factors and mechanisms.
Method
s We investigated the soil organic carbon (SOC) in 109 plots along the Mongolian Plateau grassland, which covers the desert-steppe and steppe. Specifically, we analyzed the SOC in the top 10 cm soil layer and its relationships with grazing intensity, climatic factors, soil properties, and vegetation diversity index.
Results
The average SOC of the desert-steppe (0.3%) was lower than that of the steppe (1.5%). In the desert-steppe, SOC did not vary with grazing intensity. In the steppe, SOC varied significantly with grazing pressure. Significant negative relationships were found between the SOC and growing season temperature (GST) and growing season aridity index (GSR) in the two regions. The responses of SOC to mean annual precipitation (MAP), growing season precipitation (GSP), and outside growing season precipitation (OGSP) in two types of grasslands were different. GST and soil EC were respectively identified as the major positive and negative factors influencing the SOC in the desert-steppe; the OGSP and soil PH were the major positive factors influencing the SOC in the steppe.
Conclusion
Out results proposed that soils of steppe grasslands have a large carbon sink potential but are more susceptible to grazing. These findings enhance our understanding of the different mechanisms of SOC in different grasslands along the Mongolian Plateau, which are crucial for predicting the effects and consequences of environmental change on carbon sequestration.
Iron oxide nanoparticle (Fe3O4-NP) elicitation of Artemisia annua L. in vitro toward enhancing artemisinin production through overexpression of key genes of terpenoids biosynthesis pathway and induction of oxidative stress
Authors: Ayoobi Akhtar , saboora azra , Asgarani Ezat , Efferth Thomas 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

An important phytochemical compound with bioactive properties is artemisinin, which is extracted from Artemisia annua L.. Frontline malaria treatments are artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs). The expression of key genes in the biosynthesis pathway of artemisinin can be regulated through metabolic engineering. In this study, we evaluated changes in the mRNA levels of the AaWRKY1, AaMYB2, HMGR, and CYP71A1 genes following the application of iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4-NPs) after 0, 4, 8, 24, 48, and 96 h of spraying at concentrations of 0, 50, 100, and 200 mg L− 1 on the leaves of 6-week-old A. annua plants. The total protein contents and the activity of the CAT, POX, SOD, and PAL enzymes were increased by Fe3O4-NP, which triggered an enzymatic defense system associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS). This ROS-related defense mechanism was activated by Fe3O4-NPs, which significantly stimulated the expression of those target key genes and raised the artemisinin levels in A. annua. The artemisinin content increased after 96 h by 98.5%, 76.3%, and 77% in plants treated with the three Fe3O4-NP concentrations, respectively compared to the control. These findings can help the commercial production of this important medicinal compound both in vivo and in vitro.
In vitro Wound Healing Efficacy of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized from Aqueous Extract of Turbinaria conoides.
Authors: Suresh Thirinavukkarasu Chitrikha , Poonguzhali Thinnaur Venugopal , Anuradha Venkatraman , Bharathi Selvaraj , Deepa Chokkalingam , Ramesh Balasubramanian , Kavitha Kuppusamy , Rajalakshmi Arumugam , Elumalai Perumal , Suresh Gopal 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The wound healing potentials of brown algae Turbinaria conoides aqueous extract (TCAe) and silver nanoparticles synthesized utilizing T. conoides aqueous extract (TCAgNPs) were investigated in this study. TCAgNPs and TCAe were tested for cytotoxicity on human dermal fibroblast cells using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, which revealed that TCAgNPs and TCAe were not cytotoxic and may be tested for medicinal qualities. TCAgNPs and TCAe were tested for wound healing efficacy using a wound scratch assay on human dermal fibroblast cells. The damaged cells were subjected to TCAgNPs and TCAe, which demonstrated stronger wound repair activities than the control (Untreated). The cell cycle study of human dermal fibroblast primary cell lines treated with TCAgNPs and TCAe, as well as those not treated, was performed using flow cytometry to determine the DNA content of the nuclei. These findings show that TCAgNPs-treated cells proliferated more than TCAe and control-treated cells, implying that cell proliferation is boosted, which aids the wound-healing process. During immunoblot analysis, the TCAgNPs-treated group showed higher collagen and fibronectin expression than the TCAe-treated group. Our findings imply that TCAgNPs and TCAe can repair wounds in vitro and could be used as a source of wound healing agents.
Optimal Frequency for Biomedical Wireless Power Transfer
Authors: Nunen Tom van , Mestrom Rob , Visser Hubregt 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

When power is to be transferred to a mm-sized \gls{imd}, located multiple cm deep inside the human body, the main goal is often to maximize the received power, within the applicable \gls{sar} limits. It has been shown that, for equivalent homogeneous biological tissue, there is little difference between the received power using \gls{wpt} at (sub-)GHz frequencies compared to low MHz frequencies. However, it remains unclear whether the introduction of additional tissue layers, thus more accurately approximating the real environment, changes the optimal frequency for maximum received power. This paper presents an analytical model that can be used to calculate the \gls{em} fields, \gls{sar}, received power, and \gls{pte} in a planarly layered environment, consisting of an arbitrary number of layers with arbitrary thicknesses and arbitrary dielectric properties. The model is first validated by comparing it to CST Studio Suite\textregistered. It is then used to determine the optimal frequency for \gls{wpt} to a mm-sized implant, located multiple cm deep inside the human body. The optimal frequency is 10 kHz, and the received power is approximately constant up to 300 kHz. The same holds for the \gls{pte}.
Multiresistance of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp Strains in chicken feces intended for consumption in open spaces of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
Authors: Bénao Stéphanie Lynseh Carine Sita , Mètuor Dabiré Amana , Ouattara Abdoul Karim , Tiemtoré Rahimatou Yasmine Wendkouni , Ouédraogo Blandine , Badini Rhaina Olivia , Bambara Lionel Eliada Benoit , Sougué Serge , Simporé Jacques 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Resistant bacteria can be transmitted to humans through feces or contaminated meat from chickens. Bacterial strains were isolated from the intestinal contents of 400 chicken samples from various sales sites. These strains were then characterized using bacteriological and biochemical methods to identify resistant strains.
Methods
In a study conducted in Ouagadougou, we systematically collected chicken fecal samples from 20 locations across the city, followed by isolation and identification of Salmonella spp using specific enrichment and culture methods, as well as Escherichia coli. Bacterial strains were characterized using the API 20E gallery method, and their antibiotic resistance profiles were determined through agar diffusion tests, revealing sensitivity or resistance to a range of antibiotics based on established scientific criteria.
Results
The results showed that out of the 400 samples collected, 81.25% and 63.5% contained isolates of Escherichia Coli and Salmonella spp, respectively. Among these, 86.15% of identified Escherichia Coli and 50.78% of Salmonella spp displayed resistance to at least one tested antibiotic. Among 280 Escherichia coli isolates identified resistant to at least one antibiotic, 31.07% were resistant to cefotaxide (CTX), 20.35% to ceftazidime (CAZ), 21.07% to ceftriaxone (CTR), 75% to amoxicillin + clavulanic acid (AMC), 23.57% aztreoname (TMJ) and 27.14% were resistant to imipenem (IMP). In the case of the 129 Salmonella spp isolates resistant to at least one tested antibiotic, 34.88% displayed resistance to CTX; 41.08% to CAZ; 35.65% to CTR, 92% to AMC, 39.53% to ATM and finally 47.28% were resistant to IMP.
Conclusions
Our study revealed high prevalence of resistance in bacterial strains isolated from chickens sold outdoors in Ouagadougou. These findings raise significant public health concerns, due to the possible transmission of these resistant strains to humans through the consumption of contaminated meat, thus complicating the treatment of bacterial infections.
Differentially expressed genes in ethanol extract of vanilla planifolia stem-induced cell death in glioblastoma cells
Authors: Chang Hui Hua , Chen Yu-Ju , Wu Sung-Ghun , Chen Li-Jyun , Tsai Bing-Chen , Hsueh Yuan-Shuo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly malignant brain tumor with poor prognosis after conventional treatment. Therefore, novel therapeutic targets and potential treatment strategies have gained increased attention. Vanilla planifolia is an original source for vanilla flavoring due to its high vanillin content. Several studies have proven the antitumor activity of vanillin in colon cancer.
Methods
In this study, three GBM cell lines, patient-derived temozolomide (TMZ)-resistant GBM P#5 TMZ-R cells, T98G cells, and U-87 MG cells, were used to evaluate the antitumor activity of extracts from vanilla planifolia.
Results
Our data showed that ethanol extract of vanilla planifolia stem (VAS) at 200 ng/µl significantly reduced cell viability and colony formation of GBM cells. Moreover, VAS induced MAP1LC3 cleavage, a marker of autophagy. Further RNA-seq analysis and MA plot showed 1972 upregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 2276 downregulated DEGs in 200 ng/µl VAS-treated P#5 TMZ-R cells compared to the control. Protein-protein interaction between fold change of DEGs less than − 3 and over 5 were further analyzed, and we found that 16 and 9 hub DEGs, respectively, were correlated with other DEGs. Further qPCR experiments showed that the mRNA expression of DHRS9, HOPX, AQP5, PCP4, RGS8, GNAT2, RLBP1, FA2H, TNMD, SKAP1, MATN1, IGFBP1, ELFN2, and C2CD4C was significantly downregulated. Moreover, the expression of IL36RN, CCL20, CCL5, CXCL10, HMOX1, MX2, RSAD2, IFI44L, and EGR1 was significantly upregulated.
Conclusion
These findings demonstrated that VAS reduced cell viability and colony formation, induced autophagy, and pinpointed some hub DEGs as potential therapeutic targets for GBM treatment.
Function rather than structure of phytoplankton community reveals changes of water quality in an ecological restored lake
Authors: Hu Caiqin , Xie Changxin , Yang Wanling , Liu Qianfu , Gao Yuan , Zeng Yanyi , Li Haiyan , Sun Jinhui , Wang Chao 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Although phytoplankton are well known as robust bioindicators to aquatic environments, their indicating functions based on different community parameters remain to be understood. In order to filtering effective bioindicators to aquatic ecosystems, four phytoplankton community parameters including species richness (SR), total biomass (SBP), functional groups (FGBP) and size-fractionated chlorophyll-a (SC) were demonstrated and tested in a subtropical artificial lake with ecological restoration in South China. Our results indicated that all the above four parameters exhibited high sensitivity to environmental variations and illustrated distinct aspects of indicating functions to aquatic environments due to their individual biological characteristics. Based on FGBP, both spatial and temporal differences in phytoplankton community could be identified; SR and SBP only classified the spatial and temporal distributions, respectively; while SC could distinguish the sewage outfalls from other sites. In terms of ecological management, two parameters (SR and FGBP) could distinguish the restored waters from untreated environments as non-point source pollution, and another parameter SC could indicate the sewage outfalls as point source pollution. Therefore, the combination of the above two categories of phytoplankton community parameters could make the strongest indicating functions. Our study provided greater insight into indicating functions of phytoplankton community parameters in an ecological restored lake and enabled better managements in such artificial lakes.