bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in polyamines, c‐myc and c‐fos gene expression in osteoblast‐like cells exposed to pulsed electromagnetic fields
Authors: Mattei Monica De , Gagliano Nicoletta , Moscheni Claudia , Dellavia Claudia , Calastrini Carla , Pellati Agnese , Gioia Magda , Caruso Angelo , Stabellini Giordano 
Published: March 2005

AbstractPulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) stimulation promotes the healing of fractures in humans, though its effect is little known. The processes of tissue repair include protein synthesis and cell differentiation. The polyamines (PA) are compounds playing a relevant role in both protein synthesis processes and cell differentiation through c‐myc and c‐fos gene activation. Since several studies have demonstrated that PEMF acts on embryonic bone cells, human osteoblast‐like cells and osteosarcoma TE‐85 cell line, in this study we analyzed the effect on cell PAs, proliferation, and c‐myc and c‐fos gene expression of MG‐63 human osteoblast‐like cell cultures exposed to a clinically useful PEMF. The cells were grown in medium with 0.5 or 10% fetal calf serum (FCS). c‐myc and c‐fos gene expressions were determined by RT‐PCR. Putrescine (PUT), spermidine (SPD), or spermine (SPM) levels were evaluated by HPLC. [3H]‐thymidine was added to cultures for DNA analysis. The PEMF increased [3H]‐thymidine incorporation (P ≤ .01), while PUT decreased after treatment (P ≤ .01); SPM and SPD were not significantly affected. c‐myc was activated after 1 h and downregulated thereafter, while c‐fos mRNA levels increased after 0.5 h and then decreased. PUT, SPD, SPM trends, and [3H]‐thymidine incorporation were significantly related to PEMF treatment. These results indicate that exposure to PEMF exerts biological effects on the intracellular PUT of MG‐63 cells and DNA synthesis, influencing the genes encoding c‐myc and c‐fos gene expression. These observations provide evidence that in vitro PEMF affects the mechanisms involved in cell proliferation and differentiation. Bioelectromagnetics 26:207–214, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Catalytic Dissymmetrization of meso‐2‐Imidazolidinones: Alternative Route to Chiral Synthons for 1,2‐Diamines.
Authors: Ishizuka Tadao , Katahira Tomokazu , Seo Ryushi , Matsunaga Hirofumi , Kunieda Takehisa 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Selective Oxidation Carbonylation of Amines to Oxamides and Ureas Catalyzed by Palladium Complexes.
Authors: Hiwatari Kozo , Kayaki Yoshihito , Okita Koshi , Ukai Tomohiro , Shimizu Isao , Yamamoto Akio 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
N‐Halosuccinimide/BF3—H2O, Efficient Electrophilic Halogenating Systems for Aromatics.
Authors: Prakash G. K. Surya , Mathew Thomas , Hoole Dushyanthi , Esteves Pierre M. , Wang Qi , Rasul Golam , Olah George A. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Palladium‐Catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2] Cocyclotrimerization of Benzynes with Bicyclic Alkenes: An Efficient Route to Anellated 9,10‐Dihydrophenanthrene Derivatives and Polyaromatic Compounds.
Authors: Jayanth Thiruvellore Thatai , Jeganmohan Masilamani , Cheng Chien‐Hong 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Catalytic Highly Enantioselective 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition Reaction of Nitrones with 3‐Alkenoyl‐2‐oxazolidinones by Use of a Bidentate Chiral Bis(imine) Ligand—Cu(II) Triflate Complex.
Authors: Saito Takao , Yamada Takuya , Miyazaki Shingo , Otani Takashi 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Mesomorphic Behavior of 3‐[4‐Alkyloxyphenyl]‐5‐[3,4‐ethylenedioxybenzyl]‐2‐isoxazolines.
Authors: Umesha K. B. , Rai K. M. L. , Nagappa Nagappa , Mahadeva J. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Regioselectivity in the Amination of Azines. Reaction of 1,10‐Phenanthroline Derivatives with O‐Mesitylsulfonylhydroxylamine.
Authors: Andreev R. V. , Borodkin G. I. , Shakirov M. M. , Shubin V. G. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Anti‐Coxsackievirus B3 Activity of 2‐Amino‐3‐nitropyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidines and Their Analogues.
Authors: Makarov Vadim A. , Riabova Olga B. , Granik Vladimir G. , Dahse Hans‐Martin , Stelzner Axel , Wutzler Peter , Schmidtke Michaela 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Diastereoselective Preparation of Novel Tetrahydrooxazinones via Heterocycloaddition of N‐Boc, O‐Me‐Acetals.
Authors: Gizecki Patricia , Youcef Ramzi Ait , Poulard Celine , Dhal Robert , Dujardin Gilles 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Dinaphtho[2,1‐d,g][1,3]dioxocin Derivatives from α,α‐Bishydroxymethyl‐2‐butanone.
Authors: Kumbaraci Volkan , Karliga Bekir , Kumbaraci Asli , Akar Ahmet , Talinli Naciye 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
General Methodology for Synthesis of Fused Tricyclic Oxazino‐2‐quinolones under Phase‐Transfer Catalyzed Conditions.
Authors: Dutta Rajat , Mandal Debayan , Panda Nilendu , Mondal Nirup B. , Banerjee Sukdeb , Kumar Shrabanti , Weber Manuela , Luger Peter , Sahu Niranjan P. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Tryptamine‐Based Human β3‐Adrenergic Receptor Agonists. Part 1. SAR Studies of the 7‐Position of the Indole Ring.
Authors: Mizuno Kazuhiro , Sawa Masaaki , Harada Hiroshi , Tateishi Hirotaka , Oue Mayumi , Tsujiuchi Hiroshi , Furutani Yasuji , Kato Shiro 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Association of HER‐2 overexpression with prognosis in nonsmall cell lung carcinoma: A metaanalysis
Authors: Nakamura Haruhiko , Kawasaki Norihito , Taguchi Masahiko , Kabasawa Kazuyuki 
Published: March 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDPrognostic implications of overexpression of the HER‐2 gene in nonsmall cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) are a matter of controversy. Many conflicting results have been reported from different laboratories.METHODSA metaanalysis of published studies was performed for this quantitative review of the effects of HER‐2 overexpression on survival among patients with NSCLC. Of 44 articles initially selected, 20 articles fulfilled eligibility criteria. DerSimonian–Laird random effects analysis was used to estimate the effects of HER‐2 overexpression on survival differences (the survival rate among patients without HER‐2 overexpression minus the survival rate among patients with HER‐2 overexpression) at endpoints of 1 years, 3 years, and 5 years after resection of NSCLC.RESULTSIn total, 2579 patients were included in the final analysis. Overall, HER‐2 positivity differed according to histologic type and included 38% of patients with adenocarcinoma, 16% of patients with squamous cell carcinoma, and 18% of patients with large cell carcinoma (P < 0.0001). The combined survival differences in patients with NSCLC at 1 year, 3 years, and 5 years, respectively, were 2.7% (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.3–6.7%; P = 0.1787), 15.2% (95% CI, 5.8–24.5%; P = 0.0015), and 16.4% (95% CI, 7.9–14.8%; P = 0.0001), suggesting significant poorer survival at 3 years and 5 years among patients with HER‐2 overexpression. In patients with adenocarcinoma, the combined survival difference at 5 years was 26.0% (95% CI, 16.0–36.1%; P < 0.0001), suggesting a particularly strong survival impact for HER‐2 overexpression.CONCLUSIONSA significant, unfavorable prognostic effect of HER‐2 overexpression in NSCLC was evident from the metaanalysis. However, because several studies that found no significant difference were excluded by the current eligibility criteria, caution is needed in interpreting the results. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Breast cancer in sub‐Saharan Africa: How does it relate to breast cancer in African‐American women?
Authors: Fregene Alero , Newman Lisa A. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDAfrican‐American women have had a lower incidence, yet higher mortality rate from breast cancer compared with White‐American women. African‐American women also have had a higher risk for early‐onset, high‐grade, node‐positive, and hormone receptor‐negative disease. Similar features have characterized hereditary breast cancer, prompting speculation that risk factors could be genetically transmitted. Further evaluation of this theory required the study of breast cancer among women from sub‐Saharan Africa because of their shared ancestry with African‐American women.METHODSPublications from 1988 to 2004 of English‐language literature on breast cancer in Africa were reviewed.RESULTSWomen from sub‐Saharan Africa were found to have a low incidence of breast cancer. This was partly explained by a largely protective reproductive history, including late menarche, early menopause, high parity with prolonged breastfeeding, irregular menses, and fewer ovulatory cycles. The average age at diagnosis, however, was approximately 10 years younger than breast cancer patients of western nations, and disease stage distribution was shifted toward more advanced disease, which resulted in higher mortality rates. These features were found to be similar to data on breast cancer in African‐American women. Mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 have been reported in African‐American women, but the extent of the contribution of BRCA1 and BRCA2 to breast cancer burden in Africa was uncertain. Limited financial resources lead to suboptimal cancer data collection, as well as delayed diagnosis and treatment of many African breast cancer patients.CONCLUSIONSParallels between breast cancer burdens of African‐American and sub‐Saharan–African women were provocative, indicating the need for further exploration of possible genetically transmitted features related to estrogen metabolism and/or breast cancer risk. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
VGluT2 immunochemistry identifies thalamocortical terminals in layer 4 of adult and developing visual cortex
Authors: Nahmani Marc , Erisir Alev 
Published: March 2005

AbstractA vesicular glutamate transporter, VGluT2, has been suggested to be the transporter utilized in the thalamocortical pathway. We examined the reliability of this marker in identifying and discriminating thalamic terminals in adult and developing ferret visual cortex. We studied brain sections stained for the transporter protein and/or anterogradely filled thalamocortical or intracortical axons, by using light, confocal, and electron microscopy. Under light microscopy, VGluT2 immunoreactivity (ir) in adult animals [past postnatal day (P)90] and in neonatal animals as early as P27 formed a dense band in layer 4 and appeared as scattered puncta in layers 6 and 1. Confocal dual‐labeling analyses of P46 and adult striate cortices indicated that VGluT2 was present in thalamocortical axons, suggesting that thalamic projections utilize this transporter during postnatal development as well as adulthood. In contrast, extracellularly filled intracortical axons failed to colocalize with VGluT2‐ir, suggesting that no significant terminal population originating in cortex contained VGluT2 in layer 4. Electron microscopic analysis revealed that, in adult layer 4, VGluT2‐ir was present in large terminals, forming asymmetric synapses. Similar to anterogradely labeled thalamocortical terminals, VGluT2‐ir synaptic terminals were different from their unlabeled counterparts in terms of terminal area (0.6 vs. 0.3 μm), synaptic length (486 vs. 353 nm), and preference for synapsing on spines (77% vs. 59%). Moreover, no significant differences were found between VGluT2‐ir and anterogradely labeled thalamocortical terminals. Comparable similarities were also demonstrated at P46. These results indicate that thalamocortical terminals in layer 4 of visual cortex utilize VGluT2 and suggest that this marker can be used to identify thalamic axons specifically in adult and developing animals. J. Comp. Neurol. 484:458–473, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Solvent‐Dependent Photoacidity State of Pyranine Monitored by Transient Mid‐Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Mohammed Omar F. , Dreyer Jens , Magnes Ben‐Zion , Pines Ehud , Nibbering Erik T. J. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractWe investigate with femtosecond mid‐infrared spectroscopy the vibrational‐mode characteristics of the electronic states involved in the excited‐state dynamics of pyranine (HPTS) that ultimately lead to efficient proton (deuteron) transfer in H2O (D2O). We also study the methoxy derivative of pyranine (MPTS), which is similar in electronic structure but does not have the photoacidity property. We compare the observed vibrational band patterns of MPTS and HPTS after electronic excitation in the solvents: deuterated dimethylsulfoxide, deuterated methanol and H2O/D2O, from which we conclude that for MPTS and HPTS photoacids the first excited singlet state appears to have charge‐transfer (CT) properties in water within our time resolution (150 fs), whereas in aprotic dimethylsulfoxide the photoacid appears to be in a nonpolar electronic excited state, and in methanol (less polar and less acidic than water) the behaviour is intermediate between these two extremes. For the fingerprint vibrations we do not observe dynamics on a time scale of a few picoseconds, and with our results obtained on the OH stretching vibration we argue that the dynamic behaviour observed in previous UV/Vis pump–probe studies is likely to be related to solvation dynamics.
A new distributed approximation algorithm for constructing minimum connected dominating set in wireless ad hoc networks
Authors: Gao Bo , Yang Yuhang , Ma Huiye 
Published: March 2005

AbstractIn recent years, constructing a virtual backbone by nodes in a connected dominating set (CDS) has been proposed to improve the performance of ad hoc wireless networks. In general, a dominating set satisfies that every vertex in the graph is either in the set or adjacent to a vertex in the set. A CDS is a dominating set that also induces a connected sub‐graph. However, finding the minimum connected dominating set (MCDS) is a well‐known NP‐hard problem in graph theory. Approximation algorithms for MCDS have been proposed in the literature. Most of these algorithms suffer from a poor approximation ratio, and from high time complexity and message complexity.In this paper, we present a new distributed approximation algorithm that constructs a MCDS for wireless ad hoc networks based on a maximal independent set (MIS). Our algorithm, which is fully localized, has a constant approximation ratio, and O(n) time and O(n) message complexity. In this algorithm, each node only requires the knowledge of its one‐hop neighbours and there is only one shortest path connecting two dominators that are at most three hops away. We not only give theoretical performance analysis for our algorithm, but also conduct extensive simulation to compare our algorithm with other algorithms in the literature. Simulation results and theoretical analysis show that our algorithm has better efficiency and performance than others. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cooperative and indispensable roles of endothelin 3 and KIT signalings in melanocyte development
Authors: Aoki Hitomi , Motohashi Tsutomu , Yoshimura Naoko , Yamazaki Hidetoshi , Yamane Toshiyuki , Panthier J.J. , Kunisada Takahiro 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe development of melanocytes from neural crest‐derived precursor cells depends on signaling by the receptor tyrosine kinase KIT and the G protein‐coupled endothelin receptor B (EDNRB) pathways. Loss‐of‐function mutations in either of these two signaling receptor molecules cause a loss or a marked reduction in the number of melanocyte precursors in the embryo and finally lead to loss of the coat color. Using cultures of embryonic stem (ES) cells to induce melanocyte differentiation in vitro, we investigated the requirement for EDNRB signaling during the entire developmental process of the melanocyte, in association with that for KIT signaling. During the 21‐day period necessary for the induction of mature melanocytes from undifferentiated ES cells, endothelin 3 (EDN3), a ligand for EDNRB, increased the number of melanocytes in proportion to the period during which it was present. We tested the compensatory effect of EDNRB signaling on KIT signaling in vivo by using KitW‐LacZ/KitW‐LacZ ES cells and confirmed that the ectopic expression of EDN3 in the skin reduced the white spotting of KitW57/KitW57mice. KIT ligand (KITL) and EDN3 worked synergistically to induce melanocyte differentiation in vitro; however, the complete lack of EDNRB signaling attained by the use of EDN3−/− ES cells and an EDNRB antagonist, BQ788, revealed that the resulting failure of melanocyte development was not compensated by the further activation of KIT signaling by adding KITL. Simultaneous blockade of EDNRB and KIT signalings eliminated melanocyte precursors completely, suggesting that the maintenance or survival of early melanocyte precursors at least required the existence of either EDNRB or KIT signalings. Developmental Dynamics 233:407–417, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Variety of antimicrobial peptides in the Bombina maxima toad and evidence of their rapid diversification
Authors: Lee Wen‐Hui , Li Yan , Lai Ren , Li Sha , Zhang Yun , Wang Wen 
Published: March 2005

AbstractAntimicrobial peptides secreted by the skin of many amphibians play an important role in innate immunity. From two skin cDNA libraries of two individuals of the Chinese red belly toad (Bombina maxima), we identified 56 different antimicrobial peptide cDNA sequences, each of which encodes a precursor peptide that can give rise to two kinds of antimicrobial peptides, maximin and maximin H. Among these cDNA, we found that the mean number of nucleotide substitution per non‐synonymous site in both the maximin and maximin H domains significantly exceed the mean number of nucleotide substitution per synonymous site, whereas the same pattern was not observed in other structural regions, such as the signal and propiece peptide regions, suggesting that these antimicrobial peptide genes have been experiencing rapid diversification driven by Darwinian selection. We cloned and sequenced seven genes amplified from skin or liver genomic DNA. These genes have three exons and share the same gene structure, in which both maximin and maximin H are encoded by the third exon. This suggests that alternative splicing and somatic recombination are less likely to play a role in creating the diversity of maximins and maximin Hs. The gene trees based on different domain regions revealed that domain shuffling or gene conversion among these genes might have happened frequently.
The role of Notch and IL‐7 signaling in early thymocyte proliferation and differentiation
Authors: Balciunaite Gina , Ceredig Rhodri , Fehling Hans‐Jörg , Zúñiga‐Pflücker Juan‐Carlos , Rolink Antonius G. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractWe have analyzed the roles of Notch and IL‐7 signaling in the proliferation and differentiation of mouse progenitor thymocyte subpopulations cultured on Notch delta‐like‐1 ligand‐expressing OP9 stromal cells. Using bulk and limiting dilution cultures, we show that DN1 and DN2 cells require both Notch and IL‐7 signaling for efficient proliferation and differentiation into cytoplasmic TCRβ and surface TCRα/β and TCRγ/δ expressing T cells. Selection for cytoplasmic TCRβ‐positive cells is dependent on preTα expression. Both γ/δ and α/β TCR expressing T cells arising in culture can be efficiently stimulated by anti‐CD3 cross‐linking, suggesting that they might be functional. The differentiation of adult, but not fetal, DN1 and DN2 thymocytes into CD4 and/or CD8 expressing cells is inhibited by IL‐7. Finally, efficient proliferation and differentiation of DN3 cells requires Notch signaling and preTCR expression, but is independent of IL‐7.
Blocking ion channel KCNN4 alleviates the symptoms of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice
Authors: Reich Eva‐Pia , Cui Long , Yang Lily , Pugliese‐Sivo Catherine , Golovko Andrei , Petro Mary , Vassileva Galya , Chu Inhou , Nomeir Amin A. , Zhang Li‐Kang , Liang Xian , Kozlowski Joseph A. , Narula Satwant K. , Zavodny Paul J. , Chou Chuan‐Chu 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe KCNN4 potassium‐ion channel has been reported to play an important role in regulating antigen‐induced T cell effector functions in vitro. This study presents the first evidence that a selective KCNN4 blocker, TRAM‐34, confers protection against experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in the mouse model. Treatment with the KCNN4 blocker did not prevent infiltration of T cells in the spinal cord, but resulted in the reduction of both the protein and the message levels of TNF‐α and IFN‐γ as well as the message levels of several other pro‐inflammatory molecules in the spinal cord. Plasma concentrations of TRAM‐34 within a 24‐h period were between the in vitro IC50 and IC90 values for the KCNN4 channel. The effect of TRAM‐34 was reversible, as indicated by the development of clinical EAE symptoms within 48 h after withdrawal of treatment. In summary, our data support the idea that KCNN4 channels play a critical role in the immune response during the development of MOG‐induced EAE in C57BL/6 mice.See accompanying Commentary: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eji.200526078
Structure of Nitrile‐Functionalized Alkyltrifluoroborate Salts
Authors: Fei Zhaofu , Zhao Dongbin , Geldbach Tilmann J. , Scopelliti Rosario , Dyson Paul J. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractTwo nitrile‐functionalized alkyltriflouroborate anion based complexes [(Ph3P)2N][CH3CH(BF3)CH2CN] and [K(18‐crown‐6)][CH3CH(BF3)CH2CN] were synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic methods and single X‐ray diffraction analysis. In the former complex no direct cation‐anion (F→N or F→P) interactions are observed although F···H–C hydrogen bonds are present. In the later complex all three fluorine atoms interact with the potassium cation and C–H···F hydrogen bonds are also present. The ESI‐MS spectra in methanol solution of the potassium complex show similar anion‐cation aggregation to that observed for ionic liquids, and comparisons between the two complexes and ionic liquid systems are made. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Simple Derivatives of Natural Amino Acids as Chiral Ligands in the Catalytic Asymmetric Addition of Phenylacetylene to Aldehydes
Authors: Han Zhi‐jian , Wang Rui , Zhou Yi‐feng , Liu Lei 
Published: March 2005

AbstractOptically active propargylic alcohols are important chiral building blocks in asymmetric synthesis, and asymmetric addition of terminal alkynes to aldehydes is one of the most important and interesting procedures by which to prepare these chiral building blocks. In this work we have identified some simple derivatives of (S)‐proline and other natural amino acids as chiral ligands that can be combined with Ti(OiPr)4 and then used to catalyze the asymmetric addition of zinc acetylide, produced in situ by the reaction of phenylacetylene with diethylzinc, to aldehydes. The ee value was as high as 90 %. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)