bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of structure distortion on the processing of AMLCDs on plastic substrates
Authors: Polach S. , Lueder E. 
Published: January 2005

Abstract—One of the major challenges during the processing of AMLCDs on plastic substrates is to guarantee the structure stability of the substrate. For the addressing of the active matrix, a‐Si:H‐TFTs are used. The a‐Si:H layer is deposited by using PECVD at substrate temperatures between 150 and 250°C, whereas the photolithographic steps for structuring the layers are usually carried out at room temperature. Because the thermal expansion of the plastic substrate is roughly 10 times higher than the expansion of the PECVD layer, there is a high strain in the foil and in the layer after the substrate is cooled down to room temperature again. We have carried out an analytical and experimental investigation on the occurring film stress and the resulting structure distortion during the processing of AMLCDs on plastic substrates. We established design rules minimizing distortion and stress and built the first TN display with 12,288 pixels addressed by a‐Si:H TFTs on a PES substrate.
A 400‐dpi reflective storage ferroelectric liquid‐crystal display for highly readable, low‐power mobile display applications
Authors: Ulrich D. C. , Henley B. , Tombling C. , Tillin M. D. , Smith D. , Dodgson N. 
Published: January 2005

Abstract—Mobile products require longer battery lifetimes and increased information content from the display. A ferroelectric liquid‐crystal reflective storage mode was demonstrated. This display only needs updating when the image changes, resulting in ultra‐low power consumption. Passive‐matrix addressing allows for high‐resolution text to be displayed.
Viewing‐angle characterization of reflective‐type liquid‐crystal displays by using an ellipsoidal mirror and a two‐dimensional CCD camera
Authors: Kawaguchi Akira , Tsujio Michio , Hamada Tetsuo , Funato Masayoshi , Yoda Yuji , Oka Koichi 
Published: January 2005

Abstract—A new photometry to perform the viewing‐angle characterization for reflective‐type LCDs has been developed. The optics consists of a rotating ellipsoidal mirror and a 2‐D CCD camera. The information obtained by this photometry includes the viewing‐angle characteristics of reflectance, contrast ratio, and chromaticity coordinates, which are comparable to gonioscopic photometry in terms of accuracy. Both the illuminating polar angle and azimuth angle can be scanned. The measurement time for this method is as short as that for conoscopic photometry when using a 2‐D CCD camera. An instrument equipped with light‐polarizing devices is already available. If analytic software was available, viewing‐angle characterization could be determined by a polarization analysis.
Ecotoxicological properties of liquid‐crystal compounds
Authors: Simon‐Hettich B. , Broschard T. H. , Becker W. , Takeuchi H. , Saito H. , Ohnishi H. , Takatsu H. , Naemura S. , Kobayashi K. 
Published: January 2005

Abstract—To obtain information on the ecotoxicological properties of liquid‐crystal (LC) compounds, the aquatic toxicity of selected LCs was investigated. Therefore, ten single LCs and one LC mixture were tested for their toxicity to the two standard organisms, daphnia (immobilization) and algae (growth inhibition). Water solubilities and detection limits were determined in the test media. Up to the limit of water solubility, the LCs as well as the LC mixture did not cause any adverse effects to the tested organisms.
Color management of reflective‐type LCDs in terms of adaptation of the human visual system to light‐source variation
Authors: Yoshida Yasuhiro , Yamamoto Yoichi , Hijikigawa Masaya 
Published: January 2005

Abstract—We have investigated the color management, in terms of the color adoption property of the human visual system, of a reflective‐type TFT‐LCD (R‐LCD). Since the R‐LCD depends on ambient light as the light source, it is expected that the colorimetric color on the R‐LCD must be changed if the source of the ambient light is changed. However, due to the adaptation property of the human visual system, the eye does not perceive colorimetrically corrected colors as the same color even for an R‐LCD. In this research, first, we conducted a subjective experiment to obtain the RGB code value that is required in order to display a corresponding color on the R‐LCD under varying ambient‐light conditions. The result of the experiment shows that the corresponding color of the experimental results was reasonably approximated by the color obtained by using the von Kries model. Secondly, we proposed a color‐compensating mechanism that is described as a cascaded simple 3 × 3 linear matrix. Actual colors displayed are adjusted according to the ambient light. The evaluation of the picture quality of the R‐LCD showed that the proposed model is effective.
L‐1: Late‐News Paper: Conformable‐Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystals (C‐PDLC) Displays With Indefinitely Captured Form
Authors: Gorkhali S. P. , Cairns D. R. , Esmailzadeh S. , Vedrine J. , Crawford G. P. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe have developed a conformable‐polymer dispersed liquid crystal (C‐PDLC) by processing a PDLC material between conducting indium‐tin‐oxide (ITO) coated polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates above the glass transition temperature of the PET. After first fabricating a PDLC between ITO/PET substrates at room temperature, the display is then molded to conform to a particular template, heated above the glass transition temperature, and then allowed to cool back to room temperature where it is then released from its template. Using this process the PDLC display remains indefinitely conformed while retaining its optical functionality. We present a comprehensive study on the optical performance of these conformable displays, the processing steps necessary for fabrication, and the issues associated with the conducting substrate technology processed above the glass transition temperature.
9.2: High‐Luminance Electroluminescence from {(Y2O3)1−x‐(Geo2)x} Phosphor Thin Film
Authors: Minami Tadatsugu , Kobayashi Youhei , Miyata Toshihiro , Suzuki Shingo 
Published: January 2005

AbstractHigh‐luminance yellow emissions were obtained in TFEL devices using newly developed {(Y2O3)1−X‐(GeO2)X}: Mn phosphor thin films prepared with a composition (X) of 0 to 0.92. Luminances of 7440 and 7700 cd/m2 were obtained in TFEL devices using a Y2O3: Mn and a {(Y2O3)0.6‐(GeO2)0.4}: Mn thin film, respectively: driving voltage at 1 kHz.
L‐5: Late‐News Paper: Single‐substrate LCDs Produced by Photo‐enforced Stratification
Authors: Penterman Roel , Klink Stephen I. , de Koning Henk , Nisato Giovanni , Broer Dirk J. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA new technique to produce polymer covered liquid crystal layers on a single substrate, called photo‐enforced stratification, allows cost‐effective production of ultra‐thin LCDs. The two‐step photopolymerisation‐induced phase separation of a liquid crystal and a polymer precursor can be performed on a variety of substrates and provides freedom in display design.
L‐6: An Improved Analog AMEL Microdisplay
Authors: Tuenge R. , Larsson T. , Nguyen T. , den Boer W. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractColor active matrix electroluminescent (AMEL) microdisplays with analog pixel design have demonstrated high brightness, low power consumption and over 256 gray levels per primary color. A new driving scheme for the analog pixel has been developed which eliminates luminance intensity variations and noise due to electronic coupling on the display. A new color pixel design has been implemented which produces a more saturated blue color and a higher white color temperature.
L‐7: Late‐News Paper: The Design and Development of a Pilot Line for the Manufacturing Validation of LEP Display Technologies
Authors: Yallup Kevin 
Published: January 2005

AbstractCambridge Display Technology (CDT) has set up a pilot line to develop advanced technology, manufacturing processes and infrastructure for Light Emitting Polymer (LEP) displays. A combination of careful planning and design has resulted in a flexible technology development facility that can demonstrate the manufacture of a wide range of LEP display devices and products and continue to implement new technologies that are required to realize future display markets.
34.2: Optical Components Directly Molded on the LCD Glass Substrate
Authors: Yamada F. , Ono S. , Taira Y. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractIn this paper, we describe the new process which we developed to mold precision optical components directly on a glass substrate of LCD using precision mastering by diamond cutting technique and photopolymer (2P) molding technique. We succeeded to mold a lens array on an LCD glass substrate with precise alignment to sub pixels of TFT array within six micrometer throughout the 13‐inch diagonal display area.
34.4: New Alignment Film Drying Process for Large and Thin Glass Substrates: Molecular Behavior in the Drying Process
Authors: Nakano Keiko , Inoue Takashi , Imayama Hirotaka , Takemoto Issei 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA new alignment film drying process has been developed based on hot air blow system. The system offers more stable and efficient drying process on larger and thinner glass substrates. The alignment film performance is highly affected by drying speed which defines surface polymer molecular conformation due to solvent concentration gradient at the surface. The optimum process has been established by detailed molecular behavior analyses related to solvent evaporation sequence and thin organic alignment film evolution.
35.1: Invited Paper: A 50‐in. Diagonal Plasma Display Panel with High Luminous Efficiency and High Display Quality
Authors: Sato Yoichi , Amemiya Kimio , Saegusa Nobuhiko , Uchidoi Masataka 
Published: January 2005

AbstractHigher Xe content gas has been applied to an improved cell design using “T”‐shaped electrode and deep WAFFLE rib. Newly developed 50‐in. diagonal wide/XGA panels have a luminous efficacy, a panel luminance and a panel full screen white luminance of 1.8 lm/W, 900 cd/m2 and 200 cd/m2 respectively. The power consumption of the new 50‐in. display monitor is 348W. The image qualities, other than luminance, have been also improved by “smooth CREAR” driving method and “pure” color filter. The driving method reproduces 768 gray levels and the gradation on low luminance region is as smooth as 4000‐step gray levels. Color gamut reproducing full NTSC area and a bright‐room contrast ratio of 120:1 under ambient illumination on the screen of 150 lx have been obtained by the color filter. After all the newly developed plasma displays (PDPs here after) show high display quality and the total display performance of them, as a large‐screen TV, excels that of any other display device.
35.2: Development and Characteristics of a 25‐in. XGA PDP Using LTCC‐M Technology
Authors: Mun J. D. , Kim I. T. , Cho C. R. , Hwang K. T. , Moon S. J. , Boo K. H. , Moon G. J. , Lee S. H. , Kwon Y. H. , Kim M. S. , Koo B. J. , Han J. K. , Kong S. S. , Kim J. D. 
Published: January 2005

Abstract25″ XGA (165 μm pitch) PDP panel was developed using LTCC‐M (Low Temperature Cofired Ceramic on Metal) technology. Simulations of optimum barrier height and gas composition for maximum power efficiency was carried out and the gas composition was determined to be 71 % He‐25 % Ne‐4 % Xe (in vol %) for the LTCC‐M PDP panel. Some packaging issues including vacuum compatibility of LTCC‐M panel are addressed and the LTCC‐M panel properties are described.
35.3: Noise‐free Plasma Display Panels for Consumer Use
Authors: Shibata Masayuki , Fujinaga Akihiro , Ishizuka Kazunori , Iwasaki Kazuhide , Kanae Tatsutoshi , Kawanami Yoshimi , Kosaka Tadayoshi , Masuda Takeo , Sawa Masahiro 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe generation mechanism of the buzzing noise coming from PDPs and a method to reduce the noise are discussed. The cause of the noise is vibration in the panels. The front and rear glass plates compose a beam as a result of projections at barrier rib ends. The projections are created during sand blasting and firing. The forms of the barrier ribs were optimized with computer simulations, reducing the heights of the projections to about one‐third. The amplitude of the vibration is proportional to the square of the drive voltage. Minimizing the voltage difference between the front and rear plate electrodes is an effective way to decrease the buzzing noise level.
35.4: New Approach for Wall Display with Fine Plasma Tube Array Technology
Authors: Shinoda Tsutae , Ishimoto Manabu , Yamada Hitoshi , Tokai Akira , Awamoto Kenji 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA wall‐sized emissive full‐color display with fine plasma tubes using three electrodes is proposed. Each tube has an internal MgO overcoat and a phosphor layer. The experimental display was fabricated and the results will be presented. This method will realize a display with a flexible screen shape and an expandable screen size.
36.4: A 5‐in. CRT for High Luminance and High Resolution Projection Display
Authors: Cheng Jianbo , Wang Qiong‐Hua , Lin Zulun 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe have developed 5‐in. projection CRTs using multi‐crystal material MgAl2O4 as the phosphor screen substrate. An experimental 50‐in. rear‐projection TV incorporating the projection tubes achieved more than 1600 TV lines of horizontal resolution and 1800 lumens of brightness.
37.2: Polymer Light‐emitting Diode Displays Driven by Integrated NanoBlock IC Drivers
Authors: Shi Yijian , Bernkopf Jan , Herrmann Scott , Hermanns Anno , Choquette Diane 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe report on new display architecture of polymer light‐emitting diode (PLED) displays. In this new approach, the pixel drivers, called NanoBlock™ (NB) ICs, are uniformly distributed (embedded) within the display backplane by application of Alien's Fluidic Self Assembly (FSA™) process. Each NanoBlock IC is driving the nearest eight pixels in a direct drive mode. These displays exhibit linear gray scale control, good emission uniformity and respectable efficiency.
37.3: High Performance 2.2″ QCIF Full Color AMOLED Display based on Electrophosphorescence
Authors: Ju S. H. , Yu S. H. , Kwon J. H. , Kim H. D. , Kim B. H. , Kim S. C. , Chung H. K. , Weaver M. S. , Lu M. H. , Kwong R. C. , Hack M. , Brown J. J. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractFull color 2.2‐inch Quarter Common Intermediate Format (QCIF) organic EL displays were developed using phosphorescent materials and low temperature poly‐Si (LTPS) technology. These displays exhibited a world record efficiency of 11cd/A at an optimized white CIE coordinate of (0.31, 0.32) with an OLED operating voltage of 6V. The current pixel structure for the 2.2‐inch display allows about 32% aperture ratios and a white peak luminance of over 300cd/m2.
9.4: Self‐Aligned Phosphor Patterning Techniques for Inorganic EL Displays
Authors: Seale D. , Rodrigues L. , Werner C. , Irvine D. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractTechniques have been developed for patterning a variety of phosphor systems for inorganic EL displays. Negative resist systems are used to prevent exposure of sensitive sulfide‐based phosphors to water. This results in patterned phosphor brightnesses that are comparable to unpatterned panels. Also, the process is partially self‐aligning, thus reducing the number of patterning steps required.
38.2: Azodye Aligning Layers for Liquid Crystal Cells
Authors: Chigrinov Vladimir , Prudnikova Elena , Kozenkov Vladimir , Ling Zhihua , Kwok Hoi Sing , Akiyama Hidenari , Kawara Tatsuo , Takada Hirokazu , Takatsu Haruyoshi 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe photo‐induced alignment of liquid crystal onto a photochemical stable azo dye film is studied for the liquid crystal display (LCD) applications. The photo‐aligning of azo dye takes place due to the pure reorientation of the molecular absorption oscillators perpendicular to the UV‐light polarization. The order parameters S= −0.4 (80% of the maximum absolute value Sm= −0.5) was measured at the wavelength of 372 nm from the polarized absorption spectra. The temperature stable pretilt angle of 5.3° was obtained by a two‐step exposure of azo‐ dye film using normally incident polarized light followed by oblique non‐polarized light. The azimuthal anchoring energy of the photo‐aligned substrate was Aɛ> 10−4 J/m2, which is of the same magnitude as the anchoring of the rubbed PI layer. VHR value of the photo‐aligned LC cell was also found to be very high (98–99%) at room temperature and more than 95% at T=80°C. The thermal stability of the photo‐aligned azo‐dye layers is sufficiently high, while UV‐stability has to be improved e.g. by polymerization. The bright perspectives for the new LCD aligning technology are envisaged.
39.1: Electron Emission from Self ‐Aligned Carbon Nanotube Field Emission Microcathodes
Authors: Milne W. I. , Teo K. B. K. , Chhowalla M. , Legagneux P. , Pirio G. , Pribat D. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe overall aim of this work is to produce arrays of field emitting microguns, based on carbon nanotubes, which can be utilised in the manufacture of large area field emitting displays, parallel e‐beam lithography systems and electron sources for high frequency amplifiers. This paper will describe the work carried out to produce patterned arrays of aligned Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) using a dc plasma technique and a Ni catalyst. The self aligned process to produce gated arrays of nanotubes/fibres will also be described and details of the field emission behaviour of the different arrays of MWCNTS will be presented.
40.1: Invited Paper: The Dual Coplanar Electrode Mercury Free Flat Fluorescent Lamp
Authors: Park H. B. , Kim K. Y. , Hong J. H. , Lee Y. J. , Hatanaka H. , Kim Y. M. , Im S. J. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe authors introduce a dual coplanar electrode flat fluorescent lamp, which is basically the sum of two coplanar electrode lamps, one having the electrodes on the front plate and the other on the bottom plate. It has the same level of discharge stability as that in a usual coplanar lamp. And the results also indicate that the brightness and luminous efficacy improve largely for a dual coplanar lamp compared to a coplanar lamp because there is less diffusion loss for the dual coplanar lamp.
40.5L: Late‐News Paper: 18.1‐inch XGA TFT‐LCD with Wide Color Reproduction using High Power LED‐Backlighting
Authors: Ohtsuki Hideyo , Nakanishi Kunifumi , Mori Akihiro , Sakai Seiji , Yachi Shigeru , Timmers Wim 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe develop 18.1‐inch XGA TFT‐LCD using high power Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) as light sources for backlighting. By matching the transmissive spectra of color‐filter to LEDs radiation, the higher brightness and the wider color reproduction of 95%‐NTSC are achieved on the front‐of‐screen.
41.1: Invited Paper: Higher Output, More Compact UHP Lamp Systems
Authors: Moench Holger , Ritz Arnd 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe optical performance of short arc projection lamps can be improved dramatically: A dichroic coating on one half of the UHP burner is applied to focus all light into one hemisphere. This allows for extremely compact reflector systems and an improvement by 20–30% in light collection.
41.2: Lifetime and Wattage Extension of High‐Pressure Hg Arc Lamps with Enhanced Reflector Modules
Authors: Strobl Karlheinz , Gasteiger Paul 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe eele‐enhanced™ lamp reflector module geometry enables, besides higher collection efficiency for smaller collection étendue values, also increased cooling design freedoms. Experimental results prove that with the correct cooling design both lifetime and light output decay is significantly improved for both large and small collection étendue values when a standard Osram P‐VIP™ burner (120W, 1.3mm arc gap) is operated in either a normal‐, under‐ or over‐powered (80–150W) mode inside a 45mm tall, electroformed, eele‐enhanced™ lamp reflector module.
41.3: Simulations of Temperature and Stress Distributions of Lamps for Projection Systems
Authors: Lee W. T. , Lin H. S. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractLamp cooling is a critical problem for thermal design in a projection system. In the present study, numerical simulations of temperature and stress of a HID lamp are performed under real situation in a projector. The velocity fields of cooling air and temperature distribution of reflector and quartz tube were calculated first. After that, the temperature distribution was mapped to a finite element mesh with the same geometrical model. And then, the stress field was calculated.
42.1 A Novel Design of Sub‐frame and Current Driving Method for PM‐OLED
Authors: Xiong Shaozhen , Guo Bin , Wu Chunya , Chen Yousu , Hao Yun , Zhou Zhenhua , Yang Huidong 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA sub‐frame current driving method and circuit scheme for the PM‐OLED is presented. We designed a novel driving circuit which can drive a 64×64 PM‐OLED panel. There are totally 64 current sources that consist of 16 groups and each group represents the gray scale of 1,2,4 and 8 respectively. The whole frame is divided into four equal sub‐frames for 16 gray scales. By applying a novel current multiplexing method, in each sub‐frame the current passed through every OLED‐pixel is one of currents proportioned as 1: 2: 4: 8. The 4‐bit gray level data determine if the currents passed through each pixel. Thus totally 16 gray scales is achieved.
42.2: 1.8‐inch Full‐Color OEL Display for IMT2000 Terminals
Authors: Na Young ‐Sun , Lim Byong‐Chan , Kwon Oh‐Kyong , Kim Chang‐Jin , Nam Young‐Hee , Kim Hak‐Su , Kim Sung‐Tae 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe have developed the 1.8‐inch 128(×RGB)×160 full‐color passive matrix organic electro‐luminescent display (PMOELD) for IMT‐2000 terminals and its driver chipset. A PWM (Pulse Width Modulated) current‐controlled gray scale method with a new pre‐charging architecture, which considers the power limitation of the battery‐operated systems, has been proposed for the accurate gray scale with securing safe operation. The measured results show that the proposed gray scale method has the merits of linear gray scale realization and over 15% power saving effect in comparison with the conventional method.
42.3: Invited Paper: Color Passive‐Matrix Organic LED Display using Three Emitters
Authors: Sakaguchi Yoshikazu , Tada Hiroshi , Tanaka Taizou , Kitazume Eiichi , Mori Kenji , Kawashima Shingo , Suzuki Joji 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe developed 2.2‐inch diagonal (132 × RGB × 162 pixels) Color Passive‐matrix Organic light emitting diode (OLED) Display through the use of patterned lateral RGB emitters, and started the pilot production. That display is thin (2.5mm, The driver circuit is included.) and light (10g, The driver circuit is included.), and has a wide range of viewing angles. That is proven to be practical for commercial purposes.
43.1: Invited Paper: Inkjet Printed Polymer Thin Film Transistors for Active‐Matrix Display Applications
Authors: Burns S. , Kuhn C. , Stone N. , Wilson D. , Arias A. C. , Brown T. , Cain P. , Devine P. , Jacobs K. , Murton N. , MacKenzie J. D. , Mills J. , Sirringhaus H. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe have recently demonstrated fabrication of polymer thin film transistor (TFT) circuits by a combination of solution self‐assembly and direct inkjet printing. Control over the morphology of the polymer semiconductor and uniaxial alignment of polymer chains parallel to the direction of current flow in the device is obtained by making use of polymer self‐organisation. Accurate definition of the transistor channel and other circuit components is achieved by direct inkjet printing combined with surface energy patterning. Here we discuss the application of this novel manufacturing process for polymer TFTs to active matrix displays. We will focus on advantages and disadvantages of polymer TFT technology compared with conventional thin film silicon devices.