bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introduction: Uncovering Jewish-Christian Dialectic in History
Authors: Krell Marc A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When speaking at his first political rally as the United States Demo cratic candidate for vice president in 2000, Senator Joseph Lieberman of Connecticut stated, “There are some people who might actually call Al Gore’s selection of me an act of chutzpah!” Regardless of the eventual election outcome, Vice President Gore clearly made a bold decision to break down religious and cultural barriers that had prevented American Jews from seeking the highest public offices in a Christian-dominated country. In fact, rather than focusing on Lieberman’s centrist political positions as a reason for his choice, Gore seized the moment to showcase Lieberman’s religious affiliation and to emphasize the fact that Lieberman was the first Jew to be the vice presidential candidate of any major party, comparing it to the election of the first Catholic president in 1960, John F. Kennedy.
Beyond Borders:Richard Rubenstein’s Critique of Judaism in Relation to Christianity after the Holocaus
Authors: Krell Marc A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Following the Holocaust, Richard Rubenstein did not share Schoeps’s optimism in a shared redemptive history for Jews and Christians because he was unable to reconcile the image of God as “the ultimate, omnipotent actor in the historical drama” with the historical reality of the death camps. For Rubenstein, this portrayal of the biblical God of history must ultimately lead to the interpreta tion of the Holocaust as part of “God’s providential way of leading humanity to its final redemption.” As a result, Rubenstein came to the agonizing conclusion that after the Holocaust we are now in the age of the death of the historical God. Moreover, he rejected the Jewish mythical claim of chosenness associated with this transcendent God that has ignited a “two thousand year old sibling rivalry of Jew and Christian over who is the Father’s beloved child.” In his landmark book After Auschwitz (1966), Rubenstein criticizes the use of both Jewish and Christian religious myths because they created the historical climate for the Holocaust. He maintains that they should be abandoned to provide an opportunity for genuine dialogue between the two religious communities.
Liquids And Their Interfaces
Authors: Chen Gang 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
So far we have considered photons, electrons, phonons, and gas molecules. The transport processes of these energy carriers have many common characteristics and thus we have treated them in parallel. Transport in liquid is considerably more difficult to deal with. Compared to gases, liquids have molecules are closely packed and have short-range interactions, while compared to crystalline solids, liquids lack the periodicity of crystal structures. For these reasons, we cannot develop a parallel treatment for transport in liquids as we have done in previous chapters for other energy carriers. This chapter provides a brief description of transport processes in liquids and near the interfaces between liquids and their surrounding media, such as liquid-solid, liquid-liquid, and liquid-vapor interfaces. We will start with a brief introduction to the methods used to deal with transport in bulk liquids. Historically, some of the earliest approaches were attempts to modify kinetic theory, particularly the Boltzmann equation, to include, for example, the finite size of liquid molecules and the potential interaction among molecules. The success of modified kinetic theories, however, is rather limited. Another line of development was pioneered by Einstein (1905) in his studies of the Brownian motion of particles in a liquid. Brownian motion was generalized by Langevin, and further developed by others in the linear response theory (Kubo et al., 1998). With the development of computational tools, the study of liquids has gradually shifted to computer simulations based on the linear response theory. In section 9.1, we will discuss the modification of the Boltzmann equation by Enskog, Einstein’s Brownian motion theory, and the Langevin equation. The linear response theory will be discussed in chapter 10.
Thinking It Through
Authors: Appiah Kwame Anthony 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Here is a thorough, vividly written introduction to contemporary philosophy and some of the most crucial questions of human existence: the nature of mind and knowledge, the status of moral claims, the existence of God, the role of science, and the mysteries of language, among them. In Thinking It Through, esteemed philosopher Kwame Anthony Appiah shows us what it means to "do" philosophy in our time and why it should matter to anyone who wishes to live a more thoughtful life. Opposing the common misconceptions that being a philosopher means espousing a set of philosophical beliefs, or being a follower of a particular thinker, Appiah argues that "the result of philosophical exploration is not the end of inquiry in a settled opinion, but a mind resting more comfortably among many possibilities, or else the reframing of the question, and a new inquiry." Thinking It Through is organized around eight central topics--mind, knowledge, language, science, morality, politics, law, and metaphysics. It traces how philosophers in the past have considered each subject (how Hobbes, Wittgenstein, and Frege, for example, approached the problem of language) and then explores some of the major questions that still engage philosophers today. More important, Appiah shows us not only what philosophers have thought but how they think, giving us examples we might use in our own attempts to navigate the complex issues that confront any reflective person in the 21st century. Filled with concrete examples of how philosophers work and written in the liveliest prose, Thinking It Through guides readers through the process of philosophical reflection and enlarges our understanding of the central questions of human life.
Preaching a Military Discourse
Authors: Walker Ronald W , Turley Richard E , Leonard Glen M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Except for Giving a sermon in nearby Paragonah, Smith spent the week after his arrival in Parowan resting, building a fence around his garden, and visiting with family and “scores of friends.” It had been nearly seven years since he first led a company ofpioneers to southern Utah.
From the time that Spanish and Mexican explorers of the Dominguez- Escalante expedition went through the region in 1776, people had talked of the region’s rich resources. Parley P. Pratt and a party of Mormon explorers dispatched by Young in 1849 reported “a hill of the richest Iron ore,” though iron, according to Pratt, was only one advantage. He also described acres of cedar that might provide “inexhaustible” fuel for smelting.
A Fearful Responsibility
Authors: Walker Ronald W , Turley Richard E , Leonard Glen M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Unaware of the Cedar City plans, the Arkansas emigrants drove on to their next camp. Leaving Leach’s Spring on Saturday morning, they continued along Leach’s Cut off past Pinto, through the scrub oak and cedar and below the sturdier timber of the highlands to emerge at the northern neck of the Mountain Meadows. For centuries, Paiute bands had lived in and near the Meadows, and just the year before, a county court had granted Jacob Hamblin herding rights there “for the benefit of the Indians Stationed on the Santa Clara.”
Plato’s Symposium
Authors: Hunter Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Plato’s Symposium tells of a dinner party at a crucial point in Athenian history at which the guests decide that they will each in turn deliver a speech in praise of love. The humourous and brilliant work that follows points the way towards all Western thinking about love. The Symposium is also one of Plato’s most sophisticated meditations on the practice of philosophy. This book introduces the literary and historical context of Plato’s work, surveys and explains the arguments, and considers why Plato has cast this work in a highly unusual narrative form. A final chapter traces the influence of the Symposium from antiquity to the modern day. No knowledge of Greek or Greek philosophy is required.
Erôs Before Socrates
Authors: Hunter Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Phaedrus, who begins the series of encomia, came from a wealthy Athenian family and is characterized in Plato by an interest in clever argument: in the Protagoras we find him, together with his friend Eryximachus, putting questions on natural science to the sophist Hippias (Protagoras)and in the dialogue named after him he has been captivated by an epideictic speech of Lysias, in which a man seeks to persuade an erômenos that he should give his sexual favors to someone who does not love him rather than to someone who does.
The Love Of Socrates
Authors: Hunter Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Socrates undertakes to speak “as suits me / on my own terms” and his contribution does indeed fall into two modes familiar from other Platonic dialogues: question-and-answer, which reveals the answerer’s ignorance, clears away misconceptions, and prepares for what is to follow, and, second, longer “didactic” speeches, first by Socrates and then by Diotima. In the progression from speech (Socrates) to dialectic (Socrates examining Agathon) to further dialectic (Diotima examining Socrates) and finally to Diotima’s great speech of myth and metaphysics, Socrates’ personal role becomes progressively less important. Although each successive speaker to some extent caps those who have preceded, only Socrates (and Diotima) address specific questions to the immediately preceding speaker: it is apparently truth, not rhetorical and performative effectiveness, which is now to be the central concern.
The National Outlook Movement and the Rise of the Refah Party
Authors: Yavuz M Hakan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Mehmet Zahid Kotku was the brainchild of the party. He wanted to have a party where Muslims could feel at home. We were, in fact, tired of being used by other center-right parties. I became involved in this party because of Zahid Efendi. I remember that evening when Zahid Efendi invited five people and told us that “you are all men dedicated to the cause of protecting and advancing this nation. The core identity [kimlik] and character [kimlik] of this wounded nation is Islam. Your main heritage is Islam and as Muslims you can heal this wound by listening to what our Turkish Muslim people want. What they want is an Islamic sense of justice and the restoration of their Ottoman-Islamic identity.
Haunting America
Authors: Jenkins Philip 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Across the United States, thousands of Native Americans practice their ancient religions, complex beliefs and rituals that can be traced back long before the arrival of European settlers. At the same time, many more Americans with little or no Native heritage believe that they too are following the paths of Native spirituality. They engage in ritual drumming and hold sweat lodges, they use Native-themed Tarot cards: they believe in all sincerity that they are reviving shamanic traditions. Some travel as pilgrims to places long sacred to Indian nations. Others incorporate Native ways into their everyday lives, creating their own personal medicine bundles and domestic altars, which are grandly titled “Prayer Mesas.” Roaming across the endless plains of the Internet, pseudo-Native Americans tirelessly seek out aspects of Native religious tradition that they can appropriate as their very own. Spiritual consumers buy a great deal of bric-a-brac, including videos, music, jewelry, dream-catchers, crystals, medicine bags, fetishes, and the rest. A sizable industry caters to what is obviously a vast hunger for Native American spirituality.
Brave New Worlds 1925–1950
Authors: Jenkins Philip 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We speak now as representatives of the most heroic race the world has ever seen, the most physically perfect race the world has ever seen, the most spiritual civilization the world has ever seen.During the 1920s and 1930s, Native spirituality established itself in the American consciousness as a valid religious tradition. Mainstream attitudes toward Native cultures became significantly more respectful and admiring. In 1934, George Cronyn noted the revolutionary change of attitudes that had occurred just since he first published his in 1918. “At the very moment when the rich racial heritage of the Red Man seemed destined to vanish into archaeological obscurity, his vast, complex and poetic-cultural contribution approaches the recognition it deserves among all those who cherish the spiritual treasures of the human race.”1 Radical ideas popularized by John Collier about the superiority of Indian religions became commonplace, regularly presented in books and the news media. Cultural sensitivity toward Indian ways became sharply more obvious at the beginning of the 1930s, a time when many perceived a crisis of confidence in Western values. In the early 1930s, books sympathetically presenting Indian culture and beliefs were appearing at a rate that would not be matched again until the 1970s. New marketing practices promoted a favorable image of Indians, partly through the sale of artifacts and Indian crafts, but also through the dissemination of Indian spiritual wisdom.
Returning the Land
Authors: Jenkins Philip 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 1970, President Nixon signed a bill returning the sacred Blue Lake to the Pueblo of Taos, righting what was commonly seen as a historic injustice. This one measure symbolizes a radical change in both popular and public attitudes toward Native peoples, and especially toward their cultural and religious beliefs. By the end of the twentieth century, Native religions had acquired a recognition and prestige that they had never possessed before. Despite complaints that legal acknowledgment had not gone far enough— for instance, in the use of peyote—Native religions now enjoyed a full-scale revival. Also in contrast to earlier years, these ideas were now developed and presented by Native peoples themselves, rather than by their would-be white advocates.
Introduction: The New Temples of Religious Pluralism
Authors: Chesnut R Andrew 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Latin America’s religious revolution continues to radically transform the spiritual economy of the most Catholic region in the world. In my previous study of the Pentecostal boom in Brazil, I argued that Charismatic Protestantism is remaking the socioreligious landscape of Latin America. Since the proliferation of Pentecostalism among the popular classes of Ibero-America was my exclusive focus, I was unable to capture the full magnitude of the religious revolution. At the beginning of the twenty-first century, Pentecostalism continues at the vanguard of Latin America’s religious revolution, but now it is sup ported by a corps of Charismatic believers that has played less visible but nonetheless pivotal roles in the historic transformation of the religious economy of the region. Thus, while Pentecostal churches, such as the Assemblies of God (AD) and the Universal Church of the Kingdom of God (IURD), continue to be the in architects of the new religious landscape, a new generation of non-Pentecostal spiritual entrepreneurs has emerged to join in the demolition of the edifice of religious monopoly and to begin construction of the myriad temples of religious pluralism.
How Buildings Work
Authors: Allen Edward , Swoboda David , Allen Edward 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Illustrated with hundreds of illuminating line drawings, this classic guide reveals virtually every secret of a building’s function: how it stands up, keeps its occupants safe and comfortable, gets built, grows old, and dies--and why some buildings do this so much better than others. Drawing on things he’s learned from the many buildings he himself designed (and in some cases built with his own hands), Edward Allen explains complex phenomena such as the role of the sun in heating buildings and the range of structural devices that are used for support, from trusses and bearing walls to post-tensioned concrete beams and corbeled vaults. He stresses the importance of intelligent design in dealing with such problems as overheating and overcooling, excessive energy use, leaky roofs and windows, fire safety, and noisy interiors. He serves up some surprises: thermal insulation is generally a better investment than solar collectors; board fences are not effective noise barriers; there’s one type of window that can be left open during a rainstorm. The new edition emphasizes “green” architecture and eco-conscious design and construction. It features a prologue on sustainable construction, and includes new information on topics such as the collapse of the World Trade Center, sick building syndrome, and EIFS failures and how they could have been prevented. Allen also highlights the array of amazing new building materials now available, such as self-cleaning glass, photovoltaics, transparent ceramics, cloud gel, and super-high-strength concrete and structural fibers. Edward Allen makes it easy for everyone--from armchair architects and sidewalk superintendents to students of architecture and construction--to understand the mysteries and complexities of even the largest building, from how it recycles waste and controls the movement of air, to how it is kept alive and growing.
Astrodynamics
Authors: Pisacane Vincent L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Astrodynamics, which includes the topics of orbital mechanics, celestial mechanics, and dynamical astronomy, is the study of the motion of natural and artificial bodies in space. Its fundamental objective is to determine and predict the position of celestial bodies on which the dominating force is gravity. Astrodynamics is experimentally based on the observations of the planets and moons and on Kepler’s laws, and is theoretically based on the laws of classical mechanics and Newton’s and Einstein’s laws of motion. Its study is important to spacecraft missions because the trajectory of the spacecraft is a fundamental design parameter with major implications for all subsystems of the spacecraft. This chapter addresses only the fundamentals of astrodynamics that are important to spacecraft missions. For a more detailed exposition of the topic, appropriate references are identified.
The Nineteenth Century: A Quiet Court
Authors: Gaustad Edwin S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Religion without governmental sanction or support: How would this actually work out in a rapidly expanding nation? No one was quite sure. Those denominations long accustomed to official help, for example, the Congregationalists in New England and the Episcopalians elsewhere, ventured onto the boisterous seas of religious liberty with some caution and fear. Other denominations, such as the Baptists and the newly organized Methodists, found the rough waters bracing and challenging. And those religious bodies that saw liberty chiefly in terms of the opportunities that it presented flourished dramatically. By 1850, for example, Methodists and Baptists together had roughly seven times the number of churches as Congregationalists and Episcopalians together. The profile of American religion was rapidly changing.
The key word to describe this “new look” among the churches was voluntarism. A whole host of voluntary societies arose early in the nineteenth century to meet needs that government would not or could not serve: the American Bible Society (founded 1816), which made inexpensive copies of the Bible widely available on the frontier and elsewhere; the American Sunday School Union (1824), which encouraged the establishment of Sunday schools, often led by women, even where no churches were found; the American Tract Society (1825), which printed moral and religious literature in small pamphlets that sold for a dime, a nickel, or even a penny.
The Establishment Clause: Public Schools
Authors: Gaustad Edwin S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In Western civilization, the connection between religion and education is both intimate and of long duration. When an imperial state controlled the church, it also controlled the educational system. And when, as on occasion in the Middle Ages the church dominated the state, it dominated the schools and universities as well. Even in the modem world, in most European nations the ties between state education and institutional religion remain close. But not in the United States of America.
In U.S. public schools, where the vast majority of the nation’s young people are educated, control tends to be local rather than federal. And in those schools the constitutionally correct way of dealing with (or ignoring) religion tends to be a major problem for all concerned: the pupils, the parents, the religious leaders, the school teachers and administrators, and the political leader­ ship at all governmental levels. Perhaps it is not surprising that problems arise, because the U.S. experiment in education swims against such a strong historical tide in the Western world.
Theoretical Basis for Field Calculations
Authors: Cobbold Richard S C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Of considerable practical importance is the ability to accurately predict the field caused by an acoustic source of given dimensions. The changes in pressure, particle velocity, and density can be determined by solving the appropriate wave equation subject to the prescribed boundary and initial conditions. An appropriate wave equation could be one that accounts for the properties of the transmission medium, including nonlinearities, absorption, and dispersion, as well as any anisotropic and inhomogeneities present. Solving such an equation is often very difficult, and as a result several assumptions and approximations are generally made.
Field Profile Analysis
Authors: Cobbold Richard S C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter primarily focuses on the application of the methods developed in the previous chapter for analyzing the field distribution produced by a variety of single acoustic sources, ranging from piston transducers to those with more complex geometries. For an inviscid propagation medium, exact and approximate methods are examined, including the Fresnel and Fraunhofer approximations. The Fraunhofer approximation allows a greatly simplified approach to calculating the far-field response. On the other hand, the Fresnel approximation is fairly accurate much closer to the source, though it generally results in more complex expressions. An account of the use of iodization as a means for reducing the effects of diffraction is presented, and this leads to a description of diffractionless and minimally diffracting sources. The important practical issue of the effects of attenuation and the accompanying dispersion is then addressed, dealing first with classical viscous losses, and then addressing the question as to how the effects of attenuation and dispersion in soft tissue can be accounted for.