bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How Do Chinese Smokers Respond to Cigarette Price? Evidence From a Nationwide Household Survey
Authors: He Aduqinfu , Wang Zeyu , Zheng Rong 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Introduction
Despite the Chinese government’s implementation of tax increases in 2009 and 2015 to curb tobacco use, the anticipated decline in cigarette sales has not materialized. This suggests a need for a deeper understanding of smokers’ demand behavior. The present study aims to provide a more accurate estimation of the price and income elasticities of cigarettes in China.

Methods
We utilized Deaton’s model to analyze a comprehensive micro-level dataset comprising 10 892 households surveyed in the 2012 wave of the China Family Panel Survey, with the aim of estimating the price and income elasticities of cigarette demand, as well as to investigate how these elasticities vary across different income brackets. These resulting elasticities were subsequently integrated into the World Health Organization Tax Simulation Model to simulate the potential impacts of various tax increase scenarios on cigarette consumption and tax revenue.

Results
The price elasticity in China hovers around −0.72, with an income elasticity of about 0.23. Heterogeneity analysis indicated that lower-income smokers exhibit greater sensitivity to price changes. Policy simulations suggested that tax increases would substantially reduce consumption while concurrently increasing tax revenue.

Conclusions
Chinese smokers exhibited a considerable sensitivity to cigarette prices, underscoring the efficacy of taxation as a policy instrument for shaping smoking behavior. As tax reforms continue and cigarette retail prices increase, there lies promising potential for achieving tobacco control goals, generating additional revenue, and improving social equality.

Implications
A primary contribution of this study is the provision of a more reliable estimation of cigarette price and income elasticities in China. These parameters are crucial for assessing the potential impact of tobacco tax increases on cigarette consumption and government revenue. By leveraging a nationally representative survey from 2012 and employing Deaton’s identification strategy, we significantly enhanced the data quality and methodological rigor of our analysis, leading to more accurate estimation results compared to previous studies.
Mycobacterium bovis Infections Following Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Instillation for Bladder Cancer in Western Australia: A 22-Year Retrospective Review
Authors: Manickavasagar Usha , Nel Henco , Seet Jason , Varrone Liana , Keehner Terillee , McCann Rebecca , Barnes Rosie , Jacques Angela , Clohessy Penelope 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) infection following intravesical BCG instillation is a rare complication of therapy that is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. We conducted a multicenter retrospective review of microbiologically confirmed M.bovis BCG infections in Western Australia over 22 years. Thirty-three patients were included in our study. All patients were male with a median age of 72 years. Localized infections accounted for 22/33 cases while disseminated infections accounted for 11/33 cases. The majority (n = 21) of positive isolates were cultured from urine specimens, followed by tissue and blood. The median time between first BCG instillation and infection was 7.5 months (95% CI, 3.5–11.5). The median duration of antimycobacterial therapy for localized infections was 6 months (95% CI, 4.1–7.9) as compared with 9 months (95% CI, 7.9–10.1) for disseminated infections (P = .039). The attributed mortality was 14.3%. M.bovis BCG infections have diverse clinical presentations and clinicians must have a high index of suspicion when assessing patients with a history of intravesical BCG instillation.
Clinical Comparison of the COVID Waves 2-5. An Inpatient Retrospective Comparative Analysis from Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Sayeed Muneeba Ahsan , Shalim Elisha , Farman Shaiza , Farooqui Fizza , Syed Beenish , Ahmed Ishfaque , Iqbal Anika , Kumar Aneel , Akhter Raniyah , Hyder Furkan , Shah Hasan Ali , Hussain Adeel , Rasheed Sarwat , Afshan Saba , Salik Nukrich Rizwana , Raza Madiha , Rehman Haseeb U , Razzaque Abdul , Rajput Abdul Wahid , Quraishy Muhammad Saeed 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Each COVID wave is unique in its clinical presentation and outcome. In this study, we compared the clinical characteristics and outcome of COVID waves 2-5 in inpatient settings.

Methods
A retrospective study was conducted at the Sindh Infectious Diseases Hospital and Research Center on adult patients who were admitted with a positive COVID PCR from July 2020–Mar 2022. SPSS 26 analyzed data.

Results
Total 3190 COVID-19 patients were admitted. Wave 2 had the highest percentage of discharges compared to mortality (81%, p-value 0.0001). Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS) was most common in wave 3 (32.7%, p-value 0.0001). On comparison, severe COVID on admission was predominant in wave 4 (79.4%, p-value 0.0001) with highest intubation rate (27.1%, p-value 0.0001), septic shock (24.3%, p-value 0.0001) and disease progression (50.8%, p-value 0.0001). In wave 5 majority were elderly (median age 68 years), had mild COVID (22.4%, p-value 0.0001), most having co-morbidities (84.6%, p-value 0.0001) and ratio of acute kidney injury was high (29.2%, p-value 0.0001). Mortality was lowest in wave 2 (18.9%, p-value 0.0001) while highest in wave 4 (42.5%, p-value 0.0001; OR 3.18, CI 2.6-3.8 compared to wave 2).

Conclusion
Each wave had some unique characteristics compared to other waves with wave 4 being the deadliest one in terms of disease severity and outcome, which was driven by delta variant.
Predictive linear seesaw model with Δ(27) family symmetry.
Authors: Hernández A E Cárcamo , de Medeiros Varzielas Ivo , González Juan Marchant 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We propose a model where the active neutrino masses are produced through the linear seesaw mechanism. The model uses a Δ(27) family symmetry to address the flavour problem. The model is predictive in the leptonic sector and predict rates for Lepton Flavour Violation processes within the experimental sensitivity reach.
Sex differences in the impact of multimorbidity on long-term mortality for patients with colorectal cancer: a population registry-based cohort study
Authors: Ng Shu Kay , Baade Peter , Wittert Gary , Lam Alfred K , Zhang Ping , Henderson Saras , Goodwin Belinda , Aitken Joanne F 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Women have better survival than men patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), but the extent to which this is due to multimorbidity is unclear.

Methods
A population-based study of 1843 patients diagnosed with CRC in Australia. Data included patient’s demographics, multimorbidity, tumour histology, cancer stage, and treatment. We estimated the risks of all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality due to cancer or non-cancer causes.

Results
Men had lower survival than women (P ≤ 0.010) amongst those diagnosed at Stages I-III (15-year survival: 56.0% vs 68.0%, 48.5% vs 60.7%, 34.8% vs 47.5%, respectively), excepting Stage IV (14.4% vs 12.6%; P = 0.18). Married men exhibit better survival than those who were never married (P = 0.006). Heart attacks (9.9% vs 4.3%, P &lt; 0.001) and emphysema (4.8% vs 2.1%, P = 0.004) were more prevalent in men than women. Comorbid stroke and high cholesterol (adjusted hazard ratio, AHR = 2.22, 95% confidence interval, CI = 1.17–4.21, P = 0.014) and leukaemia (AHR = 6.36, 95% CI = 3.08–13.1, P &lt; 0.001) increased the risk of cancer death for men only. For women, diabetes increased the risk of all-cause death (AHR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.02–1.86, P = 0.039) and high blood pressure increased the risk of death due to non-cancer causes (AHR = 2.00, 95% CI = 1.36–2.94, P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusion
Separate models of CRC care are needed for men and women with consideration of multimorbidity and social factors.
Predictors of response to intravenous immunoglobulin in patients with dermatomyositis: the ProDERM study
Authors: Charles-Schoeman Christina , Schessl Joachim , Bata-Csörgő Zsuzsanna , Dimachkie Mazen M , Griger Zoltan , Moiseev Sergey , Oddis Chester V , Schiopu Elena , Vencovský Jiri , Clodi Elisabeth , Levine Todd , Aggarwal Rohit 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objectives
The phase 3 ProDERM study demonstrated intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) was safe and effective in patients with dermatomyositis (DM). This analysis assessed clinical and serological predictors of IVIg response in DM patients from ProDERM.

Methods
ProDERM was a prospective, randomised, placebo-controlled study of DM patients. For Weeks 0–16, patients received 2.0 g/kg IVIg (Octagam, 10%) or placebo every 4 weeks. Eligible patients entered the open-label extension phase, where all received IVIg to week 40. Univariate and multivariate analyses examined associations between baseline variables and total improvement score (TIS), including myositis disease activity assessment tool (MDAAT; assessing different organ involvement), and myositis-specific and myositis-associated autoantibodies.

Results
Ninety-five patients were enrolled. Univariate analyses found no significant association between TIS at week 16 or 40 and age; sex; ethnicity; disease duration/activity; cutaneous, skeletal, gastrointestinal or muscle disease activity; or previous failed or concomitant medications.
Multivariate analysis found patients with higher MDAAT cutaneous scores had a better chance of at least minimal TIS improvement. Higher MDAAT pulmonary scores were associated with a lower, but still considerable, chance of improvement. Patients with TIF1-γ antibodies had a better TIS response; however, after controlling for cutaneous disease activity, there was no significant association between antibody classification (including anti-TIF1-γ) and efficacy outcome.

Conclusion
IVIg was effective in treating DM patients regardless of demographic features and autoantibody status (for most autoantibodies). Patients with higher cutaneous disease activity and/or anti-TIF1-γ responded best to IVIg, while pulmonary disease activity predicted a lower, but still effective, IVIg response, warranting further investigation.

Clinical trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02728752.
Medication for Opioid Use Disorder for Hospitalized Patients at Six New York City Public Hospitals with an Addiction Consult Service
Authors: Rostam-Abadi Yasna , McNeely Jennifer , Tarpey Thaddeus , Fernando Jasmine , Appleton Noa , Fawole Adetayo , Mazumdar Medha , Kalyanaraman Marcello Roopa , Cooke Caroline , Dolle Johanna , Siddiqui Samira , Schatz Daniel , King Carla 
Published: February 2025

Objectives
We explored medications for opioid use disorder treatment (MOUD) utilization in six New York City public hospitals that implemented the “Consultation for Addiction Care and Treatment in Hospitals (CATCH)” program.

Methods
CATCH rolled out between October 2018 and February 2020. Data from the electronic health record were analyzed for the first year post-implementation. Eligible cases included adults with an opioid-related diagnosis admitted to inpatient departments served by CATCH, with a stay of ≥1 night. Patients were classified as receiving an MOUD order if there was at least 1 order of buprenorphine, methadone, or naltrexone. Logistic regression modeled the impact of CATCH consults on MOUD orders, controlling for demographic and clinical characteristics with hospital as a random effect.

Result
Among 2117 eligible patients, 71.4% were male, with a mean age of 51.2 years, and 27.2% identified as Black, 21.2% as White, and 34.5% as Hispanic. MOUD was ordered in 60.9% of admissions, and 41.5% had a completed CATCH consult. Patients identified as Black had lower odds of receiving a MOUD order than those identified as White (OR: 0.52, 95% CI: 0.38–0.71; P < 0.001). Patients with a CATCH consult had higher odds of receiving a MOUD order (OR: 3.22, 95% CI: 2.54–4.07; P < 0.001).

Conclusion
Majority of patients in our sample received a MOUD order, with higher odds among those with a CATCH consult. Further research is needed on the drivers of racial disparities in MOUD, and other contextual, organizational, and population-specific barriers and facilitators contributing to receipt of hospital-based addiction consult services and MOUD.
Applying the Purpose, Autonomy, Confidence, Engrossment Model of Motivational Design to Support Motivation for Continuing Professional Development
Authors: Gavarkovs Adam G. , Glista Danielle , O'Hagan Robin , Moodie Sheila 
Published: February 2025

Abstract:
Health professionals' motivation is a key determinant of their continuing professional development (CPD) outcomes. Therefore, CPD providers must ensure that they design CPD activities to support health professionals' motivation; this process is referred to as motivational design. The aim of this article is to introduce CPD providers to the PACE (purpose, autonomy, confidence, engrossment) model of motivational design, and describe how we applied the PACE model to create two online modules for an interprofessional audience. The PACE model builds on other available models of motivation design by offering theoretically informed strategies to support autonomous motivation, a specific quality of motivation that is associated with more effective learning processes and outcomes. Our experience suggests that CPD providers can use the PACE model to guide their motivational design efforts. We also encourage CPD researchers to test the theoretical assumptions that inform the PACE model.
Platysma Prominence: Review and Expert Analysis of Clinical Presentation, Burden, and Treatment Considerations
Authors: Trindade de Almeida Ada , De Boulle Koenraad , Lorenc Z. Paul , Carruthers Jean , Braz Andre , Bertossi Dario , Dimitrijevic Elena , Shimoga Sandhya , Hopfinger René 
Published: February 2025

Background:
Platysma prominence (PP) is a sign of aging in the lower face and neck characterized primarily by a blunting of the jawline and the presence of vertical banding along the anterior and posterior margins of the muscle on one or both sides of the neck. The aim of this review was to combine findings from the literature on topics relevant to PP with expert perspective to help guide clinical decision-making in assessment and treatment.

Methods:
A review of the literature focusing on platysma muscle anatomy and function; PP signs, characteristics, causes, clinical severity, and aesthetic and psychosocial effects; and treatment options for PP was performed and summarized. Expert clinical perspectives of these findings elucidated from the authors’ experience were used to develop considerations for the evaluation and treatment of PP.

Results:
PP is an aesthetically undesirable condition that is bothersome to affected individuals and has negative effects on quality of life and psychological and emotional well-being. Knowledge of platysma muscle anatomy, proper patient assessment, and considerations in the use of onabotulinumtoxinA for the treatment of PP, including selection of the appropriate candidates and careful dosing and injection techniques, can produce consistent results with limited adverse events, potentially enhancing the patient’s quality of life.

Conclusions:
PP is a bothersome condition with a detrimental impact on patient quality of life and psychological and emotional well-being. OnabotulinumtoxinA is a nonsurgical treatment option with a record of safe, consistent results in treating PP.
Potentiation of visualized exosomal miR-1306-3p from primary sensory neurons contributes to chronic visceral pain via spinal P2X3 receptors
Authors: Sun Qian , Weng Rui-Xia , Li Yong-Chang , Jia Shu-Man , Ma Chun-Tao , Zhang Hong-Hong , Tang Yong , Li Rui , Xu Guang-Yin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Exosomes served as “communicators” to exchange information among different cells in the nervous system. Our previous study demonstrated that the enhanced spinal synaptic transmission contributed to chronic visceral pain in irritable bowel syndrome. However, the underlying mechanism of primary sensory neuron (PSN)-derived exosomes on spinal transmission remains unclear. In this study, an exosome visualization method was established to specifically track exosomes derived from PSNs in CD63-GFPf/+ (green fluorescent protein) mice. Neonatal maternal deprivation (NMD) was adopted to induce chronic visceral pain in CD63-GFPf/+ male mice. The exosome visualization technology demonstrated that NMD increased visible PSN-derived exosomes in the spinal dorsal horn, enhanced spinal synaptic transmission, and led to visceral pain in CD63-GFPf/+ male mice. The PSN-derived exosomal miR-1306-3p sorted from spinal dorsal horn activated P2X3R, enhanced spinal synaptic transmission, and led to visceral pain in NMD mice. Moreover, upregulation of Rab27a in dorsal root ganglia mediated the increased release of PSN-derived exosomes, and intrathecal injection of siR-Rab27a reduced visible PSN-derived exosomes in spinal cord, suppressed spinal synaptic transmission, and alleviated visceral pain in NMD mice. This and future studies would reveal the detailed mechanisms of PSN-derived exosomes and provide a potential target for clinical treatment of chronic visceral pain in patients with irritable bowel syndrome.
Predicting futile outcomes following deceased donor liver transplantation in non-Hcc patients with MELD-Na score above 30: a retrospective international multicenter cohort study
Authors: Jo Hye-Sung , Yoon Young-in , Kim Ki-Hun , Tabrizian Parissa , Marino Rebecca , Marin-Castro Pedro , Andraus Wellington , Kim Jongman , Choi Gyu-Seong , Kim Deok-Gie , Joo Dong Jin , Florez-Zorrilla Carlos , Balci Deniz , Petrowsky Henrik , Halazun Karim J , Kim Dong-Sik 
Published: February 2025

Background:
In the current “sickest first” allocation policy for limited deceased liver grafts, identifying patients “too sick to transplant” before transplantation is crucial to optimize outcomes. This study aimed to predict futile outcomes following deceased donor liver transplantation (DDLT) in patients with Model for End-Stage Liver Disease-Sodium (MELD-Na) scores ≥30.

Methods:
This international multicenter study was conducted as part of the International Society of Liver Surgeons. We collected data from patients with a MELD-Na score ≥30 who underwent DDLT. A total of 994 patients were enrolled between 2010–2021, including 654 from the Republic of Korea, 224 from the US, and 116 from other regions. Futility was defined as death within three months or during the hospital stay following a DDLT. After exclusion, 160 (16.6%) patients were classified into a futile group and 803 (83.4%) into a non-futile group.

Results:
The MELD-Na scores collected at three time points (listing, matching, and transplantation) were comparable between the groups (P = 0.442, P = 0.180, and P = 0.554, respectively). Regarding concomitant organ failure factors, the futile group showed a higher incidence of organ dysfunction across all measured parameters, including the use of mechanical ventilators, continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), pneumonia, bacteremia, and vasopressor use (all P<0.01). Independent risk factors for futile outcome were recipient age (≥65 years), body mass index (<18.5 kg/m2), mechanical ventilator use, CRRT (≥1 week), and prolonged ICU stay before transplantation (≥2 weeks). The futility rate was 53.3% in patients with ≥3 risk factors (P<0.001). We developed a nomogram to predict futility after DDLT based on multivariate regression analysis, which showed a better predictive power than previous models.

Conclusions:
The risk factors and new nomogram, which adequately reflect concomitant organ failure before liver transplantation, could effectively predict the risk of futile outcomes after DDLT and contribute to decision-making regarding transplantation eligibility in clinical practice.
Early Identification and Referral of Patients With Diabetic Foot Complications in the Emergency Department
Authors: Liu AnChi , Stevenson Eleanor , Menchine Michael , Mallett Sheila , Castillo Christina 
Published: February 2025

Background:
Prolonged length of stay (LOS) in the emergency department (ED) and lack of post-ED follow-up pose a risk of worsening infection and amputation among patients with diabetic foot complications.

Local Problem:
Excessive ED LOS posed a risk of delayed foot care, and triage providers underutilized post-ED telehealth referrals.

Interventions:
A graphic icon on the ED dashboard, nurse-initiated order set, and staff education were implemented.

Methods:
A pre-/postimplementation design was used. Outcomes included usage of the graphic icon and order set, ED LOS, and telehealth referrals.

Results:
Use of the graphic icon and order sets significantly increased (P < .001). The rate of telehealth referrals upon discharge also increased but was not significant (P = .086). Interestingly, LOS increased after the intervention.

Conclusion:
Using the graphic icon and order set can streamline patient referral to telehealth care. Various factors lead to an extended LOS.
Comparison of Radiation Dose and Image Quality in Pediatric Abdominopelvic Photon-Counting Versus Energy-Integrating Detector CT
Authors: Siegel Marilyn J. , Thomas Matthew Allan , Haq Adeel , Seymore Noah , Sodhi Kushaljit Singh , Abadia Andres 
Published: February 2025

Objective:
Adoption of abdominal photon counting detector CT (PCD-CT) into clinical pediatric CT practice requires evidence that it provides diagnostic images at acceptable radiation doses. Thus, this study aimed to compare radiation dose and image quality of PCD-CT and conventional energy-integrating detector CT (EID-CT) in pediatric abdominopelvic CT.

Materials and Methods:
This institutional review board–approved retrospective study included 147 children (median age 8.5 y; 80 boys, 67 girls) who underwent clinically indicated contrast-enhanced abdominopelvic PCD-CT between October 1, 2022 and April 30, 2023 and 147 children (median age 8.5 y; 74 boys, 73 girls) who underwent EID-CT between July 1, 2021 and January 1, 2022. Patients in the 2 groups were matched by age and effective diameter. Radiation dose parameters (CT dose index volume, CTDIvol; dose length product, DLP; size-specific dose estimate, SSDE) were recorded. In a subset of 25 matched pairs, subjective image quality was assessed on a scale of 1 to 4 (1=highest quality), and liver attenuation, dose-normalized noise, and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) were measured. Groups were compared using parametric and/or nonparametric testing.

Results:
Among the 147 matched pairs, there were no significant differences in sex (P=0.576), age (P=0.084), or diameter (P=0.668). PCD-CT showed significantly lower median CTDIvol, DLP, and SSDE (1.6 mGy, 63.8 mGy-cm, 3.1 mGy) compared with EID-CT (3.7 mGy, 155.3 mGy-cm, 6.0 mGy) (P<0.001). In the subset of 25 patients, PCD-CT and EID-CT showed no significant difference in overall image quality for reader 1 (1.0 vs. 1.0, P=0.781) or reader 2 (1.0 vs. 1.0, P=0.817), or artifacts for reader 1 (1.0 vs. 1.0, P=0.688) or reader 2 (1.0 vs. 1.0, P=0.219). After normalizing for radiation dose, image noise was significantly lower with PCD-CT (P<0.001), while CNR in the liver (P=0.244) and portal vein (P=0.079) were comparable to EID-CT.

Conclusion:
Abdominopelvic PCD-CT in children significantly reduces radiation dose while maintaining subjective image quality, and accounting for dose levels, has the potential to lower image noise and achieve comparable CNR to EID-CT. These data expand understanding of the capabilities of PCD-CT and support its routine use in children.