bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A 9‐year retrospective cohort study of the monitoring and screening of childhood developmental delay in Thailand
Authors: Thaineua Vallop , Sirithongthaworn Samai , Kanshana Siripon , Isaranurak Sirikul , Karnkawinpong Opart , Benjaponpitak Amporn , Wattanayingcharoen Suwanchai , Piensrivachara Ekachai , Srikummoon Pimwarat , Thumronglaohapun Salinee , Nakharutai Nawapon , Traisathit Patrinee , Tangviriyapaiboon Duangkamol 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundDevelopmental delay in early childhood can have negative long‐term cognitive and psychiatric sequelae, along with poor academic achievement, so early screening and surveillance are paramount. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of screening and surveillance on child developmental delay using the Developmental Surveillance and Promotion Manual (DSPM) and the Thai Early Developmental Assessment for Intervention (TEDA4I) for Thai children aged 0–5 years old.MethodsData were obtained from the routine developmental screening for specific disorders at ages 9, 18, 30, 42 and 60 months conducted using DSPM and TEDA4I from 2013 to 2021. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data, and the results are visualised graphically herein.ResultsOnly 56% of the children were screened for child developmental delay using DSPM. The proportion of children screened increased from <1% in 2013 to 90% in 2021. Suspected developmental delay prevalence increased significantly from 3.91% in 2013–2015 to 10.00% in 2016–2018 and 26.48% in 2019–2021. Moreover, of the children with suspected developmental delay who received developmental stimulation within a month, only 87.9% returned for follow‐up visits when they were evaluated again using TEDA4I to ascertain any abnormalities and specific areas of deficit. The overall proportion of children diagnosed with developmental delay was 1.29%. During the pandemic, the proportion of screening tests for child developmental delay at routine vaccination visits and follow‐ups decreased but was still at least 80% in each region.ConclusionsSince 1%–3% of children have suspected developmental delay, early detection is key to treating it as soon as possible. We anticipate that our findings will raise awareness in parents and caregivers about childhood developmental delay and lead to the implementation of early intervention and follow‐up at the rural level in Thailand.
Nothing to it: a reply to Wheeler's “much ado about nothing”
Authors: De Laet Jan , Goloboff Pablo A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWheeler (Cladistics 2023, 39, 475) recently suggested that the issues with inapplicable characters in phylogenetic analysis can be dealt with directly by treating observed absences of a feature not in a separate absence/presence character but as insertion/deletion events in a complex character that describes the feature in all its variation; and that this dynamic homology view can be achieved by imposing a sequence or linear order on a set of characters and by analysing the resulting sequence character using custom alphabet tree alignment algorithms. As Wheeler observed, this approach can lead to considering inappropriate character states (such as a head state and a foot state) homologous. We show that it is also sensitive to the specific ordering assumption used and that such different character orders can lead to a preference for different trees. We present a simple four‐taxon dataset with observations of absence, but no inapplicable characters or other kinds of character dependence, for which the dynamic homology framework gives different results to classic algorithms for independent characters, including an optimal tree with biologically impossible reconstructions at inner nodes (every terminal has a head but the inner nodes are headless). We show how these issues can be solved by removing the character ordering assumption that the approach requires. Doing so, the dynamic homology framework reduces in general to Maddison's (Syst. Biol. 1993, 42, 576) well‐known proposal to deal with inapplicability using step matrix analysis of complex characters. If in addition costs are interpreted in terms of homology, it reduces to Goloboff et al.'s (Cladistics 2021, 37, 596) step matrix implementation for maximization of homology as applied to inapplicable characters. However, if used with homogeneous costs, as Wheeler suggested, it reduces to unordered analysis of such complex characters, which is known to treat tails that may share many observed features as irrelevant for establishing kinship when they differ in just one feature, e.g. colour.
Flavonoid‐based yellow dye extract from safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) combined with chitosan for anti‐bacterial and ultraviolet‐protective functionalisation of silk
Authors: Do Khai Ly , Mushtaq Asim , Ahsan Taswar , Yousaf Muhammad , Zhao Feng , Su Miao 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn the modern period, scientists are interested in the functional properties of natural materials. The present study is the first report on the use of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) yellow dye extract combined with chitosan bio‐mordant for enhancing the anti‐bacterial and ultraviolet‐protective activities of silk. The presence of flavonoid‐based compounds in the dye extract was verified using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, Fourier transform‐infrared spectroscopy, and ultraviolet‐visible techniques. Moreover, alum mordant was also utilised in the silk dyeing process to compare the efficiency of bio and metallic mordanting agents. Experiment outcomes revealed that the chitosan mordanted‐dyed silk sustained adequate fastness after being tested by washing, light, wet‐rubbing, and dry‐rubbing. In addition, superb bacterial inhibition percentages of 89% and 76% against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, individually, were accomplished. Furthermore, the ultraviolet‐protective behaviour of this silk sample was demonstrated with a 50+ ultraviolet protection factor and low‐grade ultraviolet transmittance. This study reveals the great performance of an organic flavonoid dye as a sustainable and environmentally‐friendly substance for dyeing and functionalising silk, as well as the efficacy of a green mordant over a metallic mordant in increasing the dyeability and functional activities of silk.
Characteristics, toxicology and major organ pathology of deaths due to acute alcohol toxicity in Australia, 2011–2022
Authors: Darke Shane , Duflou Johan , Peacock Amy , Chrzanowska Agata , Yuen Wing See , Farrell Michael , Lappin Julia 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntroductionAcute alcohol toxicity is a significant component of alcohol‐related mortality. The study aimed to: (i) determine the circumstances of death and characteristics of fatal alcohol toxicity cases, 2011–2022; (ii) determine their toxicological profile and major autopsy findings; and (iii) determine trends in population mortality rates.MethodsRetrospective study of acute alcohol toxicity deaths in Australia, 2011–2022, retrieved from the National Coronial Information System.ResultsA total of 891 cases were identified, with a mean age of 49.2 years, 71.0% being male. Alcohol use problems were noted in 71.3%. In 57.5% death was attributed solely to acute alcohol toxicity, and combined acute alcohol toxicity/disease in 42.5%. There was evidence of sudden collapse in 24.9% of cases. The mean BAC was 0.331 g/100 mL (range 0.107–0.936), and spirits were the most commonly reported beverages (35.8%). Cases of combined toxicity/disease had significantly lower BACs than those attributed solely to alcohol toxicity (0.296 vs. 0.358 g/100 mL). Cardiomegaly was diagnosed in 32.5%, and severe coronary artery disease in 22.1%. Aspiration of vomitus was noted in 18.0%, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in 19.6%. Severe liver steatosis was present in 33.4% and 13.6% had cirrhosis. There was an average annual percentage increase in deaths of 7.90.Discussion and ConclusionsThe ‘typical’ case was a long‐standing, heavy spirits drinker. BACs showed enormous variation and no arbitrary concentration may be deemed lethal. Clinically significant disease was associated with death at a lower BAC and people with such disease may be at increased risk of alcohol poisoning.
The Covid‐19 lesson from Sweden: Don't lock down
Authors: Andersson Fredrik N G , Jonung Lars 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCovid‐19 triggered a wave of lockdowns across the world, contributing to a severe downturn in economic activity. Governments responded by introducing expansionary fiscal and monetary measures. We compare the health and economic outcomes in Sweden, commonly viewed as an outlier relying more on recommendations and voluntary adjustments than on strict lockdowns, with those of comparable European OECD countries. Our results suggest that the Swedish policy of advice and trust in the population to reduce social interactions voluntarily was relatively successful. Sweden combined low excess death rates with relatively small economic costs. In future pandemics, policymakers should rely on empirical evidence rather than panicking and adopting extreme measures. Even if policymakers appeared to act rapidly and decisively, the rushed implementation of strict lockdowns in 2020/21 probably did more harm than good.
Systematic review of hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy approach in thalassemia: Comparative analysis in animal models
Authors: Maharani Indira Laksmi , Zauhari Muhammad Hafizh , Kiansantang Rakean Ahmad , Wibowo Razzan Satria , Humaira Rizqi Najla , Dwijayanti Adisti , Sianipar Imelda Rosalyn 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHematopoietic stem cell (HSC) gene therapy has shown potential as a therapeutic approach for thalassemia in recent years. However, a comparison of the varying gene therapy methods of HSC gene therapy in thalassemia has never been reviewed. This study aims to evaluate the utilization of HSC gene therapy approaches in animal models of thalassemia. A systematic review was conducted in five databases: PubMed, EBSCOHost, Science Direct, SCOPUS, and Proquest using a combination of the terms hematopoietic stem cell or hematopoietic stem cell or HSC, thalassemia, genetic therapy or gene therapy and animal model. Only journals published in English between 2008 and 2023 were included. This literature included six studies analyzing the use of HSC gene therapy in thalassemic mice models. The three outcomes being assessed in this review were globin levels, hematological parameters, and red blood cell (RBC) phenotypes. Gene therapy approaches for thalassemia using HSC showed significant improvement in β‐globin levels and RBC phenotypes. Phenotypic improvements were also observed. These outcomes indicate good efficacy in gene therapy for thalassemia in mice models. Furthermore, more studies assessing the efficacy of HSC gene therapy in the human model should be done in future studies.
The dimensionality of infection networks among viruses infecting microbial eukaryotes and bacteria
Authors: Edwards Kyle F. , Hayward Colleen 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDiverse viruses and their hosts are interconnected through complex networks of infection, which are thought to influence ecological and evolutionary processes, but the principles underlying infection network structure are not well understood. Here we focus on network dimensionality and how it varies across 37 networks of viruses infecting eukaryotic phytoplankton and bacteria. We find that dimensionality is often strikingly low, with most networks being one‐ or two‐dimensional, although dimensionality increases with network richness, suggesting that the true dimensionality of natural systems is higher. Low‐dimensional networks generally exhibit a mixture of host partitioning among viruses and nestededness of host ranges. Networks of bacteria‐infecting and eukaryote‐infecting viruses possess comparable distributions of dimensionality and prevalence of nestedness, indicating that fundamentals of network structure are similar among domains of life and different viral lineages. The relative simplicity of many infection networks suggests that coevolutionary dynamics are often driven by a modest number of underlying mechanisms.
Targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome in psoriasis
Authors: Chen Xiuhui , Deng Guoliang , Chen Kaifeng , Chen Yanhong , Ye Weijun , Sun Ping 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe NLRP3 inflammasome, a complex consisting of the nucleotide‐binding oligomerization domain, leucine‐rich repeat, and pyrin domain‐containing protein 3, has emerged as a critical mediator of pathological inflammation and a significant therapeutic target for various inflammatory diseases. Psoriasis, a chronic inflammatory skin condition without a definitive cure, has shown promising results in animal models through the inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome. This review aims to explore the development of the NLRP3 inflammasome in psoriasis and the molecular mechanisms responsible for its inhibition by natural products and small molecules currently being developed for psoriasis treatment. Furthermore, we are examining clinical trials using agents that block the NLRP3 pathway for the treatment of psoriasis. This study is timely to provide a new perspective on managing psoriasis.
Critical review of self‐diagnosis of mental health conditions using artificial intelligence
Authors: Wimbarti Supra , Kairupan B. H. Ralph , Tallei Trina Ekawati 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe advent of artificial intelligence (AI) has revolutionised various aspects of our lives, including mental health nursing. AI‐driven tools and applications have provided a convenient and accessible means for individuals to assess their mental well‐being within the confines of their homes. Nonetheless, the widespread trend of self‐diagnosing mental health conditions through AI poses considerable risks. This review article examines the perils associated with relying on AI for self‐diagnosis in mental health, highlighting the constraints and possible adverse outcomes that can arise from such practices. It delves into the ethical, psychological, and social implications, underscoring the vital role of mental health professionals, including psychologists, psychiatrists, and nursing specialists, in providing professional assistance and guidance. This article aims to highlight the importance of seeking professional assistance and guidance in addressing mental health concerns, especially in the era of AI‐driven self‐diagnosis.
African Immigrants' perceptions and attitudes toward cardiovascular health
Authors: Commodore‐Mensah Yvonne , Ogungbe Oluwabunmi , Broni Eric , Ezeike Camillus , Turkson‐Ocran Ruth‐Alma , Wenzel Jennifer , Cooper Lisa A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimTo explore perceptions and attitudes of African immigrants (Ghanaians, Nigerians, Liberians, and Sierra Leoneans) in the Baltimore‐Washington, DC, metropolitan area toward cardiovascular health.MethodsThis was a qualitative study among African immigrants recruited from religious and community‐based organizations in the Baltimore‐Washington metro area. A purposive sample of 66 African immigrants originally from Ghana, Nigeria, Liberia, and Sierra Leone completed a sociodemographic survey and participated in focus group discussions. Focus group data were analysed using qualitative description to develop emergent themes.ResultsA total of 66 African immigrants with a mean (±standard deviation) age of 51 (±11.8) years participated in the focus group discussions. Fifty percent were women, 91% had at least a bachelor's degree, 84% were employed, 80% had health insurance, and 75% were married/cohabitating. The majority of the participants (74%) had lived in the US for 10 years or more, 44% of them had hypertension, and 12% had diabetes. Findings from the focus group discussions revealed: gender differences in descriptions of cardiovascular health and healthiness, an emotional response associated with cardiovascular disease (evoking fear and anxiety and associated with family secrecy), positive and negative lifestyle changes after migration, cardiovascular screening behaviours, and facilitators and barriers to cardiovascular disease prevention practices and heart‐healthy lifestyle.ConclusionsParticipants understood health to be a holistic state of well‐being. Secrecy in disclosing their cardiovascular disease diagnoses informed by historical socio‐cultural belief systems, perceived racial discrimination by healthcare providers, communication and health literacy barriers, economic barriers of holding multiple jobs and the exorbitant cost of heart‐healthy foods were identified as some barriers to achieving optimal cardiovascular health in this immigrant population.ImpactOur study expanded on the body of knowledge on African immigrants' perceptions and attitudes toward cardiovascular health. Addressing this knowledge gap will provide important intervention opportunities targeted at improving cardiovascular health outcomes in this population.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.
The effects of social (dis)engagement on status conferral: A context dependent account
Authors: Zhang Teng , Overbeck Jennifer R. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe functionalist perspective of status suggests that, to attain status, individuals need to be socially engaging and contribute to a group. In contrast, the signaling perspective of status indicates that people often perceive a lack of social engagement as a status cue and thus confer status on someone who is socially disengaging. Integrating these two important perspectives in the status literature, we propose a context dependent account of social (dis)engagement and status conferral in groups and organizations. Whereas social engagement (e.g., contributing to a group and connecting with its members) results in status attainment in task contexts, social disengagement (e.g., withholding benefits from a group and distancing oneself from its members) leads to status attainment in social contexts. A laboratory study and an online experiment provide partial empirical support for our predictions. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
α‐Solanine attenuates chondrocyte pyroptosis to improve osteoarthritis via suppressing NF‐κB pathway
Authors: Zhou Jinyi , Wu Jinting , Fu Fangda , Yao Sai , Zheng Wenbiao , Du Weibin , Luo Huan , Jin Hongting , Tong Peijian , Wu Chengliang , Ruan Hongfeng 
Published: February 2024

Abstractα‐Solanine has been shown to exhibit anti‐inflammatory and anti‐tumour properties; however, its efficacy in treating osteoarthritis (OA) remains ambiguous. The study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of α‐solanine on OA development in a mouse OA model. The OA mice were subjected to varying concentrations of α‐solanine, and various assessments were implemented to assess OA progression. We found that α‐solanine significantly reduced osteophyte formation, subchondral sclerosis and OARSI score. And it decreased proteoglycan loss and calcification in articular cartilage. Specifically, α‐solanine inhibited extracellular matrix degradation by downregulating collagen 10, matrix metalloproteinase 3 and 13, and upregulating collagen 2. Importantly, α‐solanine reversed chondrocyte pyroptosis phenotype in articular cartilage of OA mice by inhibiting the elevated expressions of Caspase‐1, Gsdmd and IL‐1β, while also mitigating aberrant angiogenesis and sensory innervation in subchondral bone. Mechanistically, α‐solanine notably hindered the early stages of OA progression by reducing I‐κB phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of p65, thereby inactivating NF‐κB signalling. Our findings demonstrate the capability of α‐solanine to disrupt chondrocyte pyroptosis and sensory innervation, thereby improving osteoarthritic pathological progress by inhibiting NF‐κB signalling. These results suggest that α‐solanine could serve as a promising therapeutic agent for OA treatment.
Limited effects of culling on the behavior of invasive lionfish (Pterois miles) in the Mediterranean
Authors: Phillips Elizabeth W. , Bottacini Davide , Schoonhoven Anna N. M. , Kamstra Ynze J. J. , De Waele Hannah , Jimenez Carlos , Hadjioannou Louis , Kotrschal Alexander 
Published: February 2024

AbstractInvasive species pose serious threats to ecosystems. To reduce ecological and economic consequences of invasions, efforts are made to control invaders and evaluating the effects of such efforts is paramount. Lionfishes (Pterois volitans and Pterois miles) are native to the Indo‐Pacific Ocean and pose a major threat to local ecosystems in the invaded Atlantic and Mediterranean. Culling via spearfishing is a widespread measure to limit lionfish population size in invaded ranges. However, like most hunted fishes, lionfish alter their behavior after repeated culling, potentially decreasing the effectiveness of future culls. Previous studies on lionfish in the Caribbean have shown that lionfish are less bold after repeated culling. However, the impact of culling on lionfish in their newest invasive range, the Mediterranean, remains enigmatic. To determine the behavioral changes in response to culling in this second area of invasion, we tested for effects of culling on the behavior of lionfish in Cyprus, a region heavily impacted by the lionfish invasion in the Mediterranean. We compared the response of lionfish to an approaching free diver holding a metal pole (imitating a spear fisher) between protected areas where spearfishing is restricted and areas where culls are frequently conducted. We also assessed whether activity, hiding pattern, and site fidelity differed between these culled and unculled sites. Overall, we found limited effects of culling on the traits measured, indicating surprising resistance to culling‐induced behavioral changes in Mediterranean lionfish. Future studies should monitor invasive lionfish population densities and the effects of culling in more detail to tailor management plans and reduce the negative effects of these fish in specific invaded ranges.