bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alterations in slow transport kinetics induced by estramustine phosphate, an agent binding to microtubule‐associated proteins
Authors: Sahenk Zarife , Mendell J. R. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractEstramustine phosphate (EP) disassembles microtubules by binding to microtubule‐associated proteins (MAPs) rather than tubulin. In this study, EP‐induced alterations of MAP integrity caused a unique form of axonal atrophy in rats. Initially, EP‐induced axonal atrophy occurred in both proximal and distal axons of the sciatic nerve, characterized by an increase in neurofilament packing density, associated with a decrease in axonal area. In chronic exposure, distal axonal atrophy was associated with decreased numbers of microtubules, while the neurofilament number remained unaltered for the myelin spiral length. Continued exposure caused enlargement of proximal axons associated with an increase in neurofilament content. Correlative slow transport studies done at two different times, 7 and 14 days after [35S] methionine injection showed that EP retards the transport of cytoskeletal proteins migrating with both components of slow transport (SCa and SCb). However, there was a differential effect on SCb which showed progressive slowing along the nerve while the rate of SCa stayed relatively constant.In this model, the early occurring distal axonal atrophy can best be explained by reduced cytoskeletal components, particularly those traveling in SCb. Later in the course of intoxication, a relatively constant rate of SCa permitted continuous transport of neurofilament triplets, accounting for unaltered numbers of neurofilaments in distal axons with increased packing density. This model of axonal atrophy is unique because spacing of neurofilaments, not numbers determined axon size. Furthermore, EP‐induced dissociation of the SCa and SCb kinetics suggests that MAPs play a role in the orderly, cohesive migration of slow transport components, essential for the normal organization of cytoskeleton. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Basic fibroblast growth factor expression is required for clonogenic growth of human glioma cells
Authors: Morrison Richard S. , Giordano S. , Yamaguchi F. , Hendrickson S. , Berger M. S. , Palczewski Krzysztof 
Published: May 2005

AbstractBasic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is a heparinbinding protein, expressing potent mitogenic and angiogenic properties. Elevated levels of bFGF have been identified in human gliomas and glioma cell lines, suggesting that bFGF expression is involved in the aberrant growth patterns associated with these tumors. In the present study, the influence of bFGF on additional parameters of glioma cell malignancy was evaluated utilizing three distinct methods to suppress bFGF expression or activity including antisense oligonucleotide primers, a neutralizing monoclonal antibody or an inhibitor of the agonist action of bFGF: (1) The addition of 30 μM bFGF‐specific antisense oligonucleotide primer to the human glioma cell line SNB‐19 resulted in a 55% inhibition in colony formation in soft agar. This effect was dose‐dependent and specific, as sense strand primer was ineffective in suppressing growth. In addition to exhibiting fewer colonies, antisense treatment significantly altered colony morphology. (2) SNB‐19 cell growth in culture was suppressed in the presence of a neutralizing bFGF‐specific monoclonal antibody. (3) Inositolhexakisphosphate, a newly identified antagonist of FGF binding and activity, suppressed SNB‐19 cell growth in soft agar culture. These results demonstrate that bFGF may regulate glioma growth and progression independent of its role in tumor angiogenesis and that bFGF release or secretion may be required for these actions. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Protein kinase C activity modulates myelin gene expression in enriched oligodendrocytes
Authors: Asotra Kamlesh , MacKlin W. B. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractProtein kinase C (PKC) and its potential role in myelin gene expression were investigated in primary cultured rat oligodendrocytes. The major myelin genes were expressed in a developmentally coordinated manner in cultured oligodendrocytes. PKC activity in these cells was similarly regulated with differential expression transiently and was most abundant in 9‐day cells in vitro. PKC‐α and PKC‐β mRNAs were present at low levels throughout development in these cells, and their expression increased in 18–25 day cells. Immunocytochemical colocalization of PKC with oligodendrocyte‐specific markers—O4, galactosyl cerebroside, MBP, and PLP—in enriched oligodendrocyte cultures suggested that the PKC predominantly contributed by oligodendrocytes. PKC inhibition resulting from long‐term exposure to 4β‐phorbol‐12,13‐dibutyrate (4β‐PDB) reduced steady‐state levels of MBP, PLP, MAG, CNP, and PKC‐α mRNAs, as detected by slot blots or in situ hybridization, and downregulated the oligodendrocyte‐specific markers O4, galactosyl cerebroside, and the major consitutent proteins MBP and PLP, as detected by immunocytochemistry. PKC‐mediated downmodulation of myelin gene expression was most profound in normally differentiating oligodendrocytes at or before the onset of myelin protein synthesis. Six‐day oligodendrocytes were most susceptible to such modulation. To elucidate the mechanism of reduction in various myelin gene messages upon modulation of PKC, we analyzed mRNA levels in oligodendrocytes, which were pretreated with either the transcriptional inhibitor actinomycin D or the protein synthesis blocker cycloheximide before exposure to 4β‐PDB. Our results demonstrate that the PKC inhibition‐mediated loss in myelin mRNA levels did not require the transcription of any genes, but appeared to be at least partially dependent on continuous protein synthesis. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Calpain‐mediated proteolysis of microtubule‐associated protein 2 (MAP‐2) is inhibited by phosphorylation by cAMP‐dependent protein kinase, but not by Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II
Authors: Johnson Gail V. W. , Foley V. G. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe effects of cAMP‐dependent protein kinase (cAMP‐PK) and Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) phosphorylation on the calpain‐mediated degradation of microtubule‐associated protein 2 (MAP‐2) were studied. Both cAMP‐PK and CaMKII readily phosphorylated MAP‐2. However, cAMP‐PK phosphorylated MAP‐2 to a significantly greater extent than did CaMKII (4.5 mol 32P/mol MAP‐2 and 1.4 mol 32P/mol MAP‐2, respectively). Phosphorylation of MAP‐2 by cAMP‐PK, but not by CaMKII, significantly inhibited the calpain‐induced hydrolysis of MAP‐2. These results demonstrate that the phosphorylation of sites on the MAP‐2 molecule accessible to cAMP‐PK, but not to CaMKII, result in increased resistance to calpain proteolysis. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Localization of insulin‐like growth factor binding protein‐4 expression in the developing and adult rat brain: Analysis by in situ hybridization
Authors: Brar A. K. , Chernausek S. D. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractWe have previously isolated insulin‐like growth factor binding protein‐4 (IGFBP‐4) from media conditioned by a neuronal cell line and have detected IGFBP‐4 mRNA in selected regions of the developing and adult rat brain by Northern blot analysis. In this study, the ontogeny and regional distribution of IGFBP‐4 expression were determined by in situ hybridization histochemistry. While IGFBP‐4 mRNA expression at embryonic day 15 was restricted to choroid plexus primordium and meninges, by embryonic day 20 IGFBP‐4 mRNA was also localized in the basal ganglia. In the postnatal rat, at days 1 and 5, IGFBP‐4 was also present in the meningeal cell layer surrounding the developing cerebellum and in the hippocampal formation. The distribution of IGFBP‐4 mRNA in the adult brain was considerably more widespread. The principal areas where IGFBP‐4 mRNA was detected were the cerebral cortex (layers II and IV), olfactory peduncle (anterior olfactory nuclei), limbic system (hippocampus and amygdala), thalamus and basal ganglia, as well as choroid plexus and meninges. The widespread and persistent expression of IGFBP‐4 is in marked contrast with IGFBP‐2, the other IGFBP in the brain, whose localization by in situ hybridization is reported to be restricted to choroid plexus and meninges. The spatial pattern of IGFBP‐4 expression in areas known to either overlap, be adjacent to, or project to regions that express the IGFs or their receptors may reflect a role for IGFBP‐4 as a modulator of IGF action in the brain. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cooperative second harmonic laser light scattering in liquid cyclohexane, benzene and carbon disulphide
Authors: Kielich S. , Lalanne J. R. , Martin F. B. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractUsing a Q‐switched Nd: glass laser with a high transmission optical system, first measurements of cooperative second harmonic light scattering (SHLS) in liquid cyclohexane, benzene and carbon disulphide were performed. Molecular‐statistical theory is extended to show that cooperative SHLS by liquids consisting of centro‐symmetric molecules is due to a lowering of their symmetry by the time and space fluctuating electric field of the quadrupoles and hexadecapoles of near neighbouring molecules. Also, the rôle of angular molecular correlations as well as of anisotropy in third‐order nonlinear polarisability of the scattering molecules is discussed.
Vibrational spectra of norbornadiene and the group VIB tetracarbonyl‐(norbornadiene) metal(0) complexes
Authors: Butler I. S. , Barna G. G. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe vibrational spectra of norbornadiene (NBD) and (NBD)M(CO)4 (M  Cr, Mo, W) have been investigated in detail for the first time. Partial vibrational assignments have been made for all four molecules with particular attention being paid to the C  H, CO, C  C, and M‐olefin stretching modes and the δ(CH2) bending modes. From the spectroscopic data, it appears that the C2ν geometry of the norbornadiene ligand is little affected by coordination.
The Raman spectrum of allene
Authors: Butcher R. J. , Jones W. Jeremy 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe rotational Raman spectrum of allene has been obtained using a Fabry‐Perot etalon. Vibration‐rotation spectra of ν1, ν5, ν8 have been photographed at a resolution of 0.3 cm−1, using a 1 m spectrograph.Analysis yielded a number of molecular constants including A0 and Dk.
Light scattering of transition metal ions. II: Correlation of electronic Raman transitions and magnetic susceptibilities
Authors: Boal D. H. , Hoff J. T. , Grunberg P. , Preudhomme J. , Koningstein J. A. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractElectronic Raman transitions to levels of divalent cobalt and iron ions of the compounds CoF2, Co2GeO4 and FeF2, Fe2GeO4 are discussed. From the position and wave functions of the low lying electronic levels it is possible to calculate the magnetic susceptibility of these compounds. Our calculations suggest that a reasonable agreement exists between the calculated value from the Raman spectra and the measured values of Zm as function of the temperature of the samples.
The vibrational spectrum of sodium bromate
Authors: Berenblut B. J. , Dawson P. , Morse P. , Wilkinson G. R. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractSodium bromate is one of the few crystals which incorporate polyatomic ions in their structure and in which all the normal modes of vibration of the lattice are either Raman or infra‐red active. Thus it is an ideal meterial for investigation by the techniques of vibrational spectroscopy. Infra‐red and Raman spectra recorded at various temperatures between 15K and 300K over the frequency range 20 cm−1 to 1000 cm−1 are reported here from which a complete assignment of the zero wave vector modes is made. The results allow a test of the validity of the Lyddane‐Sachs‐Teller (LST) relationship in a fairly complex crystal with a large number of vibrational modes. Comparison of the results with those obtained in this laboratory and by other workers [1, 2] on NaClO3 leads to the tentative assignment to roatatory and translatory character of the low frequency modes.
Étude vibrationnelle de complexes du magnesium. Spectroscopie Raman de Mg(NH3)6Cl2et Mg(ND3)6Cl2
Authors: Plus Rémi 
Published: May 2005

AbstractL'auteur a pu obtenir les fréquences des vibrations actives en diffusion Raman du chlorure de magnésium hexa‐amminé hydrogéné et deutérié à l'état cristallisé. Toutes les vibrations attendues ont pu être observées pour la première fois pour un composé de ce type (vibrations internes et vibrations externes). L'attribution de toutes les bandes du spectre est proposée. Ces résultats, rapprochés de ceux obtenus par spectroscopie infrarouge, permettent de connaître la structure vibrationnelle complète du complexe. L'éclatement de certaines vibrations montre que les coordinats ne sont pas en rotation libre et que leur orientation donne à l'ion complexe la symétrie du groupe ponctuel D3d.
Charge transfer excited state of electron‐donor‐acceptor complex as an intermediate electronic state of the vibrational Raman scattering
Authors: Kaya Koji , Nakatsuka Asao , Kubota Naoki , Ito Mitsuo 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe Raman spectra of the EDA complexes of tetracyanoethylene (TCNE) with benzene and methyl‐substituted benzenes were measured using four output lines of Ar ion laser. Remarkable intensity enhancements were found by the complex formation for C  C and C  N stretching vibrations of TCNE. It was concluded from measurements of Raman intensities and depolarization ratio that the intensity enhancement is due to direct participation of the lowest charge‐transfer state of the complex in the intermediate states of Raman scattering.
Raman study on para nitroaniline single crystal I: Lattice vibrations
Authors: Harrand M. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractLow frequency polarized spectra were investigated from 300 to 30K; but, as accidental depolarization arises at low temperature, study was chiefly made at 300K. External vibrations have been assigned using group theory and the influence of hydrogen bonds on the motions of the molecular layers: Ag‐Bg librations at 41.6–64.8, 83.5–42.4 and 130cm−1, translations in‐plane at 79 and 94, out‐of‐plane at 144 cm−1, owing to layers. Some infrared bands have been observed and assigned.
The ν11 rotation‐vibrational Raman band of allene
Authors: Hegelund Flemming , Bendtsen Jørgen , Zangenberg Nina Rothe 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe rotation‐vibrational Raman spectrum of the v11 fundamental band of allene has been recorded. The spectrum consists of a series of Q‐branches and partly resolved J‐structure in the subbands. The Q‐branches in one component of the hot band 2v11–v11 have been identified. the following constants have been obtained: v0 = 352.73 ± 0.05 cm−1, A0 = 4.811 ± 0.003 cm−1, ζ11 = 0.816 ± ± 0.001, ΔA = −0.0129 ± 0.0003 cm−1, ΔB = (4.7 ± 0.6) × 10−4 cm−1 and DK = (2.4 ± 0.1) × 10−4 cm−1. An l‐type doubling is observed and the l‐type doubling constant q is estimated as −(2.7 ± ± 0.8) × 10−4 cm−1. The analysis of the Raman spectrum shows that the assignment of the Q‐branch maxima in the infrared spectrum of v11 [4, 5] has to be changed by two units.
Automation techniques for Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Arthur J. W. , Lockwood D. J. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the automation and control of grating spectrometers by digital techniques. The methods outlined include: a simple manually operated digital control; a dedicated logic system with data storage; data acquisition and control systems run by a computer in real‐time and time‐sharing modes. The performance of these methods is evaluated. A basic spectrometer control unit is described; this unit forms a module around which more general spectrometer control systems may be constructed.
Analyse Conformationelle du Propanal et de la Butanone par Spectroscopie Raman
Authors: Chapput André , Roussel Bernard , Fleury Guy 
Published: May 2005

AbstractNous mesurons par spectroscopie Raman les variations d'intensité en fonction de la température des différentes bandes attribuées aux isomères du propanal et de la butanone en phase liquide et vapeurCes mesures nous permettent de calculer les variations d'enthalpie entre les conformères; la valeur de la barrière de potentiel empêchant la rotation interne du groupement CHO pour le propanal est atteinte connaissant la fréquence de torsion de ce groupement.
Raman spectrum of matrix isolated hydrogen sulfide
Authors: Tang Sheng‐Yuh , Brown Chris W. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractRaman spectra of H2S isolated in N2 at M/A ratios of 30, 50, 100, and 300 and in Ar at M/A ratios of 50, 100, 300, and 1000 have been measured in the S‐H stretching region. The spectral results confirm the infrared measurements on H2S isolated in N2; however, the symmetric stretching vibration, v1, of the H2S monomer is at about the same frequency, 2619 cm−1, in the spectra of Ar matrices. This disagrees with previous infrared measurements of Ar matrices. Raman bands in the spectra of both N2 and Ar matrices due to a dimer of H2S are consistent with those observed in the infrared spectrum of N2 matrices, and they support a donor‐acceptor model for the dimer.
Depolarization ratio in preresonance Raman effect
Authors: Udagawa Y. , Iijima M. , Ito M. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe depolarization ratios of the CC stretching vibrational Raman lines of C2Cl4, C2HCl3, trans‐C2H2Cl2 were measured using visible and UV lasers. The depolarization ratios increased evidently from visible to UV excitation, and were discussed in relation to the ratio of the scattering tensor components.
Exciting frequencies and depolarization ratios for resonance Raman effects
Authors: Koningstein J. A. , Jakubinek B. G. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe behaviour of an element of the Raman scattering tensor is considered as the exciting frequency is tuned through the vibronic absorption spectrum of the scattering molecule. Certain observed features of Raman excitation profiles are explained, and some predictions made. Using some simplifying assumptions, we examine the limiting form of the scattering tensor in certain resonance situations. On the basis of symmetry considerations, we then outline expected variations in (and limits on) the depolarization ratio near resonance.
The Raman spectra of solid xenon tetrafluoride and its adduct with xenon difluoride
Authors: Adams Chris J. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe Raman spectra of the solids XeF4 and XeF2·XeF4 show effects arising in intermolecular vibrational coupling. Assignments based on factor group analysis are proposed, and the influence of intermolecular forces on the spectra of these and related compounds is discussed.
Resonance Raman spectra of chlorophyll in solution
Authors: Lutz Marc 
Published: May 2005

AbstractResonance Raman (RR) spectra of chlorophyll a and b, and of pheophytin a and b in solution are presented and their main features discussed. Variations of intensities and depolarization ratios of RR bands of the chlorophylls were followed as a function of the excitation wavelength from 441.6 to 514.5. nm. A number of band assignments are proposed. The effect of the state of association on the RR spectra of chlorophyll was studied for some typical in vitro systems. These data are discussed in view of their relevancy to the study of chlorophyll associations in vivo.
Raman spectra and lattice dynamics of the halogen cyanide crystals
Authors: Sun T. S. , Anderson A. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractRaman spectra of polycrystalline samples of ClCN, BrCN and ICN have been recorded at 79 K and 18 K. The observed frequencies are compared with those obtained from lattice dynamics calculations on these linear‐chain crystals. Spectral dependence on crystallite‐size in ICN and isotope effects in all three crystals are also briefly discussed.
On the excited‐state geometry of the adenine residue as revealed by a preresonance Raman effect
Authors: Tsuboi Masamichi , Hirakawa Akiko Y. , Nishimura Yoshifumi , Harada Issei 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe Raman specrum of β‐adenosine‐5′‐phosphoric acid has been observed in its aqueous solution with 6471, 5145, 4880, 4579, 4579, and 3511 Å excitation. An examination of the manner of increase of the intensities of the Raman lines at 1580 and 1484 cm−1 of the adenine residue indicated that the electronic excited state corresponding to a weak absorption band at 276 nm is responsible for these Raman scatterings. This idea has been supported by a similar examination of the Raman spectrum of β‐adenosine‐3′,5′‐cyclic phosphoric acid and an examination of the effect of temperature on the Raman spectra of poly rA and poly(rA‐rU). A discussion is included of the geometrical structure of the adenine residue in its lowest‐singlet electronic excited state, based on the vibrational structure of the fluorescence spectrum, the result of a normal coordinate treatment, and the result of a semiempirical Pariser‐Parr‐Pople calculation, as well as the Raman data.
Raman scattering by polaritons under nonstationary conditions. I: The basic principles of the general theory
Authors: Marchevskii F. N. , Strizhevskii V. L. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe fluctuation‐dissipation method of theoretical investigation of stimulated Raman scattering (RS) by polaritons in piezoelectric crystals under nonstationary conditions taking into account both wave and local nonstationary cases in the fixed pump field approximation has been carried out. The method is based on solving the reduced operator equations in partial derivatives for Stokes and polariton fields coupled by the pump field. The equations contain the noise sources – polariton fluctuations whose properties are defined by the fluctuation‐dissipation theorem. The Stokes and polartion field are described in the quantum language as the operators in Heisenberg representation. Quantum description of fields is necessary for correct account of the initial fluctuations and is also essential for the right transition to the particular case of spontaneous RS. The energy characteristics, which describe the angular‐frequency distribution of Stokes and polariton radiation are calculated by means of quantum statistical averaging of the corresponding field combinations. Their general connection with the correlative functions, which define initial and boundary field fluctuations is found.
Raman spectra of methyl‐dichloro‐sulphonium(IV) hexachloroantimonate(V)‐[CH3SCl2]+ [SbCl6]−
Authors: Shamir Jacob 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe Raman spectra of methyl‐dichloro‐sulphonium hexachloroantimonate was studied, both in the solid state and in acetonitrile solution. Polarization measurements were made for the solution and an assignment of the observed frequencies is given and discussed.
Electronic Raman scattering by Germanium p‐acceptors and luminescence in GaAs
Authors: Scheuermann W. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe Raman spectrum of Germanium p‐doped epitaxial GaAs layers (p ∼ 1 × 1016 cm−3) has been recorded at 300 and 5.5 K with a YA1G:Nd3+ laser at 1.064 μm as exciting source. The special sample arrangement used to observe the Raman scattering from the 30 μm thin layers is described in detail. Raman scattering from neutral acceptor levels of the dopant Ge was observed at 5.5K at 230 cm−1 = 28.5 meV and at 248 cm−1 = 30.7 meV. Strong luminescence of the sample was also observed at 5K with two prominent peaks at 924.5 nm and 942.0 nm.
Resonance Raman spectra of iodine adsorbed on silicas
Authors: Nagasao Tsutomu , Yamada Haruka 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe resonance Raman effect has been applied for the first time to the study of the structure of adsorbed molecules and the interaction between adsorbents and adsorbates. By rotating a sealed sample and using Ar+ laser excitation, the resonance Raman spectrum of I2 adsorbed on the silicas was measured for the second to the fifth harmonics. The peak frequencies were slightly shifted from those for the gas molecule, indicating the weak bondage between the surface OH groups and iodine molecules. When iodine monochloride was adsorbed on a silica surface, the resonance Raman spectrum of I2 adsorbed on silicas was also observed.