bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parathyroid hormone‐related protein (PTHrP) gene expression in solid tumours associated with normocalcaemia and hypercalcaemia
Authors: Dunne Fidelma P. , Lee Susan , Ratcliffe Wendy A. , Hutchesson Andrew C. , Bundred Nigel J. , Heath David A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractParathyroid hormone‐related protein (PTHrP) is an important humoral factor in the syndrome of humoral hypercalcaemia of malignancy (HHM) and its importance is evident by the many studies examining either PTHrP mRNA expression, intracellular peptide, or circulating PTHrP levels in patients with malignancy. However, the relationship between PTHrP mRNA expression, intracellular localization of peptide, and circulating PTHrP levels in the same group of patients with malignancy has not been examined. This study was carried out to explore this relationship in a group of patients with solid tumours associated with either normocalcaemia or hypercalcaemia. PTHrP mRNA and peptide were localized by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry respectively in 26 squamous carcinomas and 15 adenocarcinomas from patients who were either hypercalcaemic or normocalcaemic. Plasma PTHrP1–86 and serum PTH1–84 concentrations were measured by two‐site immunoradiometric assays. PTHrP mRNA and peptide were localized in 11 (100 per cent) and 10 (91 per cent) of 11 squamous tumours from hypercalcaemic patients, all of whom had detectable circulating PTHrP levels, and in 14 (97 per cent) and 11 (73 per cent) respectively of 15 squamous tumours from normocalcaemic patients. PTHrP mRNA and peptide were localized in only two (28 per cent) and four (57 per cent) respectively of seven adenocarcinomas associated with hypercalcaemia. Since the majority of squamous tumours synthesized PTHrP irrespective of the calcium status of the patient, this suggests that the clinical expression of tumour‐derived PTH‐like bioactivity may depend on the rate of secretion of PTHrP rather than gene expression, and that the bioactivity of secreted PTHrP may be modulated by post‐translational processing.
Thymic extracellular matrix in human malnutrition
Authors: Lyra Jurandy S. P. Ocampo , Madi Kalil , Maeda Cristina T. , Savino Wilson 
Published: June 2005

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that malnutrition severely affects both lymphoid and epithelial components of the thymus. Yet, few data are available concerning the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the thymic microenvironment in malnutrition. We studied by histological, ultrastructural, and immunohistochemical means thymuses obtained in necropsies from 19 malnourished children. We observed a consistent increase in the intralobular ECM‐containing network which could be ascertained histologically by the dense reticulin staining. This abnormally dense ECM network contained fibronectin, laminin, and type IV collagen. Importantly, the enhancement of thymic ECM in malnourished individuals positively correlated with the degree of thymocyte depletion. This correlation may represent a cause‐effect relationship in which the contact of thymocytes with abnormally high amounts of thymic ECM triggers and/or enhances programmed cell death.
Role of respiratory viral infection in sids: Detection of viral nucleic acid by in situ hybridization
Authors: An Shu F. , Gould Stephen , Keeling Jean W. , Fleming Kenneth A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThere is considerable evidence suggesting that respiratory viral infection is involved in the genesis of the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), with rates of about 20 per cent of SIDS victims compared to about 13 per cent of controls. Since the techniques used previously are prone to under‐reporting from autopsy material, non‐isotopic in situ hybridization (NISH) has been used to detect viral nucleic acid in lung in SIDS. Forty‐five SIDS cases (30 males) were examined (age range 3 weeks–14 months, mean age 3·9 months). Thirty non‐SIDS cases (15 males) were also examined (age range 5 weeks–24 months, mean age 9·0 months). Eleven of 45 (24·4 per cent) SIDS cases were positive by NISH compared to 1 of 30 (3·3 per cent) non‐SIDS cases (P=0·012). There were eight cases of adenovirus type 5, two cases of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and one case of parainfluenza virus type 2. The one positive control case was adenovirus type 5. Only lung parenchyma was examined here. Additional examination of the upper respiratory tract may increase the number of positive cases.
Expression of hepatocyte growth factor mRNA during oval cell activation in the rat liver
Authors: Alison Malcolm R. , Poulsom Richard , Jeffery Rosemary , Anilkumar T. V. , Jagoe Roger , Sarraf Catherine E. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe customary wave of hepatocyte regeneration which occurs in the rat liver after two‐thirds partial hepatectomy can be abolished by oral administration of the carcinogen 2‐acetylaminofluorene. Instead, regeneration is achieved through the proliferation and differentiation of potential stem cells (oval cells) which appear to emanate from the portal space. Ultrastructural studies have illustrated the undifferentiated nature of these cells in the first 3 days after resection, but very rapidly they acquire features of small hepatocytes or biliary epithelia. Oval cell progeny can form either cohesive columns of cells within sinusoids which may later differentiate into new hepatic plates, or single cells that can insinuate within existing plates. Using a 35S antisense riboprobe to hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) mRNA, the synthesis of HGF mRNA was observed in sinusoid‐lining cells. There were few HGF mRNA‐expressing cells in the liver removed at resection, but numbers steadily increased in the remnant over the next 7 days. In particular, an almost nine‐fold increase in the density of HGF mRNA‐producing cells occurred in the periportal areas, resulting in approximately double the density present within the centrilobular parenchyma. The superabundance of HGF‐producing cells in the immediate vicinity of oval cell proliferation and differentiation strongly suggests that this growth factor is involved in all aspects of stem cell behaviour—proliferation, migration, and differentiation, through a paracrine mechanism.
The role of apoptosis in growing and stationary rat ascites hepatoma, Yoshida AH‐130
Authors: Tessitore Luciana , Costelli Paola , Sacchi Cristina , Piacentini Mauro , Baccino Francesco M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe occurence of apoptosis and its contribution to growth‐phase transitions in the rat ascites hepatoma Yoshida AH‐130 have been evaluated. Apoptosis was observed by light microscopy in both exponentially‐growing and stationary tumours as characteristic chromatin condensation and compacting of the cytoplasm, but the frequency of apoptotic bodies (apoptotic index) was four‐fold higher in stationary than in logarithmic‐growing tumours. Apoptosing cells exhibited strong immunocytochemical reactivity for ‘tissue’ transglutaminase, and transglutaminase activity was higher in stationary tumour cells. A ladder pattern of DNA fragmentation was revealed by agarose gel electrophoresis which was more pronounced in stationary tumours. The apoptotic bodies were either free or contained in vacuoles within otherwise normal tumour cells, suggesting active engulfment of dead cells by viable homologous cells. Such ‘homophagic’ disposal of the apoptotic bodies probably accounted for a component of the enhanced cell protein degradation previously observed in stationary AH‐130 tumours (Tessitore L, Bonelli G, Cecchini G, Amenta JS, Baccino FM, Arch Biochem Biophys 1987; 255: 372–384). The data indicate that, in concurrence with changes in the cell proliferation rate, modulations of apoptosis play a substantial role in determining the net growth rate of such an anaplastic tumour as the Yoshida AH‐130 hepatoma.
Studies of c‐jun oncogene expression in human breast using a new monoclonal antibody, NCL‐DK4
Authors: Tiniakos Dina G. , Scott Lynn E. , Corbett Ian P. , Piggott Nigel H. , Horne Charles H. W. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA new monoclonal antibody to human c‐jun oncoprotein, designated NCL‐DK4, has been produced. NCL‐DK4 has been proved to be highly effective for use on formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tissues, enabling the study of c‐jun expression at a cellular level in both normal and neoplastic human tissues. The expression of c‐jun oncogene has been examined in normal, benign, and malignant breast tissues, and c‐jun‐specific immunoreactivity in carcinomas has been related to histological type, tumour grade, c‐erbB‐2, oestrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and epidermal growth factor receptor expression. Normal and benign breast tissues showed c‐jun‐specific immunostaining, which was weaker and in fewer cells compared with the c‐jun immunoreactivity observed in breast carcinomas. No relationship was found between the degree of immunostaining and the extent of proliferative changes in benign breast tissues. Ninety per cent of all breast carcinomas studied showed c‐jun‐specific nuclear staining. There were no statistically significant differences in the intensity of c‐jun immunoreactivity among grade I, II, and III infiltrating ductal carcinomas. There was no significant relationship between c‐jun oncoprotein expression and c‐erbB‐2, oestrogen, progesterone, and epidermal growth factor receptor immunoreactivity.
Salivary duct carcinoma—a highly aggressive salivary gland tumour with overexpression of c‐erB‐2
Authors: Hellquist Henrik B. , Karlsson Mats G. , Nilsson Christer 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe clinicopathological and immunocytochemical features of nine cases of salivary duct carcinoma are described. This relatively rare tumour, which only recently has been widely recognized as a separate entity, is highly maligant and caused the death in eight of the patients. The tumour cells are arranged in cribriform and solid growth patterns, where the solid tumour nests frequently have comedo necrosis, and a fibrous, often sclerotic, stroma is present. The infiltrating desmoplasmic component and the diffuse invasive growth into adjacent adipose parotid tissue have similarities to ductal breast carcinoma. Immunocytochemical investigationof salivary duct carcinoma showed constant overexpression of c‐erbB‐2 as detected by membrane accentuation, and high proliferative activity as detected by nuclear positivity for MIB 1 (Ki‐67). Changes in the expression of p53 and retinoblastoma gene product do not constitute a constant event event in salivary duct carcinoma. A few of the tumours showed scattered cells with distinct nuclear positivity for both progesterone and oestrogen receptors. We emphasize that this highly malignant salivary gland tumour has a characteristic morphology, may not be as rare as previously considered, and that prompt and aggressive therapy is needed.
Primary cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma: Clinicopathological features and prognostic parameters of 35 cases other than mycosis fungoides and cd30‐positive large cell lymphoma
Authors: Beljaards Rob C. , Meijer Chris J. L. M. , Van Der Putte Sebastiaan C. J. , Hollema Harry , Geerts Marie‐Louise , Bezemer P. Dick , Willemze Rein 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWithin the group of primary cutaneous T‐cell lymphomas (CTCLs), mycosis fungoides (MF), Sézary's syndrome (SS), and CD30‐positive lymphomas have been delineated as clinicopathological entities. Primary CTCLs that do not belong to one of these entities represent a heterogeneous and ill‐defined group of neoplasms. This paper describes the clinical and histological features of 35 of such cases. The object of t his study was to define prognostic parameters for this group of primary CTCLs. Using a slightly modified version of the updated Kiel classification, a subdivision was made into CTCL, pleomorphic, small cell type (n = 3); plemorphic, medium‐sized cell type (n = 6); pleomorphic, large cell type (n = 18); and immunoblastic lymphomas (n = 8). Altogether, these lymphomas had a poor prognosis with estimated 2‐ and 4‐year survival rates of 53 and 22 per cent, respectively. Patients with pleomorphic, small and medium‐sized cell lymphomas (n = 9) proved to have a significantly better survival that those with pleomkorphic, large cell lymphomas (P = 0·032) and immunoblastic lymphomas (P = 0·008). Primary cutaneous immunoblastic lymphomas had the worst prognosis with an estimated 2‐year survival rate of 14 per cent. Other parameters including age (P = 0·345), sex (P = 0·345), sex (P = 0·662), extent of skin lesions at presentation (P = 0·0854), and mode of initial treatment (P = 0·609) had no significant effect on the survival time. The results of this study suggest that primary CTCLs other than classical MF, SS, and CD30‐positive lymphomas have a poor prognosis in most cases, and that the current classification may be a useful means of predicting the clinical behaviour in these lymphomas.
Morphological changes of neural and vascular peptides in human skin suction blister injury
Authors: Gu X. H. , Terenghi G. , Purkis P. E. , Price D. A. , Leigh I. M. , Polak J. M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractSuction blister injury is an experimental model for the investigation of the possible derangement of dermal/epidermal interaction in injury. An extensive fibre network can be stained in skin using antisera to the pan‐neuronal marker protein gene product 9.5 (PGP) and the sensory neuropeptide calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP), while microvessels are identifiable with antisera to the endothelial marker von Willebrand's factor (vWf) and the peptide endothelin (ET). To investigate the possible involvement of superficial cutaneous innervation and microcirculation during the repair process in injury, human skin biopsies taken at differnt times after suction blister injury were investigated by quantitative immunohistochemistry. Neural and endothelial changes were seen in both edge and blister areas. PGP‐and CGRP‐immunoreactive nerves showed an increase in both areas compared with control skin up to 6 h after injury, followed by a decrease which lasted until 72 h. This was followed by a gradual increase of both nerve types starting from the blister edge and lasting up to 8 days after injury when the values were similar to controls. Similarly, in the blister area of the skin, vWF‐immunoreactive capillaries showed statistically significant increases between 0 and 6 h after injury, followed by a decrease at 12 and 18 h which was maintaine dup to 72h. ET‐1 immunoreactivity showed a similar, although more variable, pattern of changes. At the blister edge from 23 h onwards, both vWf and ET‐1 immunoreactivities showed a second increase from the edge of the blister spreading towards the centre of the blister ahead of the nerve increase. This lasted up to 8 days, when vWf immunoreactivity showed a statistically significant increase compared with control skin. Generally the numerical increase observed at early time points was accompanied by a strong staining intensity, which reverted to a normal staining intensity at later time points. These results suggest that there is a reactive process for all immunoreactive elements in the early stages of injury, followed by changes indicative of neuronal and endothelial damage (depletion phase) and the subsequent repair process. The repair started with re‐epidermalization from the blister edge, followed by revascularization and, lastly, by reinnervation of the tissue. These results indicate a close relationship between epidermis, blood vessels, and nerve fibres during the healing process which follows suction blister injury.
Whipple's disease: A histological, immunocytochemical, and electron microscopic study of the small intestinal epithelium
Authors: Ectors Nadine L. , Geboes Karel J. , de Vos Rita M. , Heidbuchel Hein P. , Rutgeerts Paul J. , Desmet Valeer J. , Vantrappen Gaston R. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractAt endoscopy, the duodenum in Whipple's disease frequently appears abnormal and some clinical features such as gastrointestinal blood loss and anaemia suggest epithelial damage. However, the intestinal epithelial cells themselves appear to be normal on light and electron microscopy. The aims of this study were to analyse in detail the cytological changes in epithelial cells over time and in response to therapy in biopsies obtained from 20 patients, to investigate the functional repercussion on digestive enzymes such as lactase, and to assess the expression by the epithelial cells of MHC antigens. Cytological changes were minimal at both the light‐ and the electron‐microscopic level and MHC class I expression was preserved. However, changes indicative of functional deficits were demonstrated. Lactase and MHC class II expression were reduced or even absent. Antibiotic therapy resulted in normalization within 3–6 months. These findings are consistent with the clinical evolution and are of interest with regard to the importance of the immune response in aetiopathogenesis.
Attitudes of senior pathologists towards the autopsy
Authors: Start R. D. , McCulloch T. A. , Silcocks P. B. , Cotton D. W. K. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe attitudes of 205 consultant British pathologists in four regions were assessed by a postal questionnaire in which they were asked to indicate their level of agreement with 15 statements relating to autopsies. A total of 144 pathologists completed the questionnaire (response rate 70 per cent). Senior pathologists strongly agreed with statements relating to the importance of autopsies within pathology workloads, medical audit, and accreditation for training posts. There was strong support for the attendance of clinicians at autopsy demonstrations and for the suggestion that material from medico‐legal autopsies should be made available for teaching and research. There was strong disagreement with the suggestions that advances in diagnostic techniques have diminished the role of autopsies, that performing autopsies does not further pathologists' education, that the cost of autopsies may not be justifiable within a limited budget, and that the autopsy should no longer be part of the MRCPath examination. These results are discussed in the context of the current status of the autopsy in general.
The observation of angiogenin and basic fibroblast growth factor gene expression in human colonic adenocarcinomas, gastric adenocarcinomas, and hepatocellular carcinomas
Authors: Li Dechun , Bell Julie , Brown Alex , Berry Colin L. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractUsing digoxigenin‐labelled, synthetic oligonucleotide probe cocktails of angiogenin and bFGF genes, the expression of the two genes was observed by in situ hybridization in ten colonic adenocarcinomas, seven gastric adenocarcinomas, and four hepatocellular carcinomas. The angiogenin gene was expressed in eight of the ten cases of colonic adenocarcinoma and in all of the four cases where dysplastic glands were found. Angiogenin expression was evident in four of the seven cases of gastric adenocarcinoma. bFGF expression was detected in only five of the seven gastric carcinoma cases. The mRNAs for angiogenin and bFGF were mainly cytoplasmic in distribution and were only occasionally seen in the nuclei of the positive cells. Neither the angiogenin gene mRNA nor the bFGF mRNA was expressed in the four cases of hepatocellular carcinoma. It is postulated that the angiogenin gene may play an important role in angiogenesis in colonic adenocarcinomas; in gastric cancers, both angiogenin and bFGF were involved in this process. For hepatocellular carcinomas, neither angiogenin nor bFGF production appeared to be related to angiogenesis.
L‐CAM expression in lymph node and liver metastases of colorectal carcinomas
Authors: Van Der Wurff Anna A. M. , Arends Jan‐Willem , Van Der Linden Edith P. M. , Kate Joop Ten , Bosman Fred T. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractL‐CAM, also known as E‐cadherin, is a cell adhesion molecule expressed on the plasma membranes of epithelial cells at the intercellular interface. From in vitro gene transfection experiments the idea has been conceived that loss of L‐CAM expression might be related to the invasive capacity as well as metastatic potential of tumour cells. In several tumours a relation between the grade of differentiation and L‐CAM expression has been noticed: loss of differentiation appears to be associated with loss of L‐CAM immunoreactivity. Also, in lymph node metastases of poorly differentiated carcinomas loss of L‐CAM expression was demonstrated. In this study we describe L‐CAM expression in lymphogenous and haematogenous metastases of large bowel adenocarcinomas, using an indirect immunoperoxidase method with the monoclonal anti‐L‐CAM antibody 6F9. All the metastases studied—lymphogenous as well as haematogenous—demonstrated L‐CAM immunoreactivity in a pattern comparable to that of primary tumours. Intratumour heterogeneity in expression was noted, with normal intercellular, apical (non‐functional), and focally negative areas in the same tumour. The data indicate that primary tumours and their metastases do not differ strikingly in their pattern of L‐CAM expression. This would be consistent with transient rather than constitutive down‐regulation of L‐CAM in invasive and metastatic cancer cells.
The prognostic significance of immunohistochemically detected lymph node micrometastases in colorectal carcinoma
Authors: Jeffers Michael D. , O'Dowd Gerard M. , Mulcahy Hugh , Stagg Mary , O'Donoghue Diarmuid P. , Toner Mary 
Published: June 2005

AbstractMicrometastases have been detected by immunocytochemical means in the lymph nodes of patients with otherwise node‐negative cancer of the colon and rectum. This study examines the incidence and prognostic significance of nodal micrometastases in Dukes' B carcinoma. Five hundred and fifty‐nine lymph nodes from 77 cases of Dukes' B carcinoma were examined for lymph node micrometastases by immunocytochemical staining for cytokeratin AE1:AE3. Micrometastases were detected in 19 cases (25 per cent). Cell clusters were present in ten cases, the remaining nine cases displaying only single cells. The presence of micrometastases was unrelated to age (P = 0·06), sex (P = 0·32), tumour site (P = 0·37), tumour size (P = 0·67), or tumour differentiation (P = 0·66). Ten‐year survival estimates by the Kaplan–Meier lifetable method was 47 per cent in patients with and without micrometastases (χ2 = 0·35 and 1 df, P = ns). The presence of nodal micrometastases detectable only by immunocytochemistry in patients with Dukes' B colorectal cancer does not justify reassignment to a more advanced disease stage.
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)‐anchored membrane proteins are constitutively down‐regulated in psoriatic skin
Authors: Venneker Gerard T. , Das Pranab K. , Meinardi Marcus M. H. M. , v Marle Jan , v Veen Henk A. , Bos Jan D. , Asghar Syed S. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractHyperproliferation of keratinocytes (KCs) in psoriasis has been found to be associated with excessive activation of a phospholipase C (PLC)/protein kinase C (PKC) signal transduction system. The molecular species of PLCs which are activated in psoriasis have not been thoroughly investigated. It was envisaged that if glycosylphosphatidyl‐inositol (GPI)‐specific PLC was activated in the membrane of psoriatic epidermal cells, it would render these cells devoid of those proteins which are anchored to the cell membrane through their GPI moiety. In order to test this possibility, four GPI proteins (CD 16, CD55, CD58, and CD59) were determined immunohistochemically in normal and psoriatic skin. In normal skin, CD55 and CD59 were strongly expressed on epithelium and vascular structures, whereas CD16 and CD58 were strongly expressed only on epithelium. The expression of all four GPI proteins was decreased in non‐lesional psoriatic skin and virtually abolished in lesional psoriatic skin. A control transmembrane protein, CD46, was strongly expressed in normal and non‐lesional psoriatic skin, and its expression was not significantly decreased in psoriatic lesions. The absence or reduction of GPI proteins was not seen in the lesions of several other inflammatory and proliferative diseases studied.