bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of dissimilar plate thickness on temperature during friction stir welding between AA5083 and AA6061 aluminium alloy grades
Authors: Syafiq W. M. , Afendi M. , Nabila N. A. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This paper investigates the influence of dissimilar plate thickness on the temperature profile of AA5083 and AA6061 aluminium alloy. Plates of dissimilar aluminium alloy grades are welded in a butt joint configuration by using a milling machine and a custom FSW tool made of H13 tool. Datalogger and type K thermocouples embedded in the workpieces at different distances from the weld line are used to collect the temperature data during the experiment. One thermocouple is placed at each side of the advancing side and retreating side at equally distance from the center line except for Joint 1, 2 and 3. The results show the range of temperature measurement during the experiment is between 300°C and 600°C. FSW process between similar plate thickness produces the highest value of peak temperature and better surface appearance than dissimilar plate thickness. The thermocouples located near the weld line contributed the higher temperature since the heat source comes from the rotating tool. Besides, higher temperatures were recorded at 5 mm thickness of AA6061 aluminium alloy plate located on the advancing side than the retreating side.
Investigation of Dynamic Viscosity and Calorific Value of Algae Biodiesel Blend with n-Butanol Additive
Authors: Noordin Noor Hafiz , Sharudin Hazim , Yusof Ab Aziz Mohd , Kasim Haszeme Abu , Nizam Nor Ezzety Mohammad 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The transport sector primarily utilizes diesel fuel, which is a prominent energy source for various industries and applications. However, due to population growth, the increasing demand for diesel fuel leads to its depletion. This topic attracts many researchers looking for a solution through fuel alternatives, including the fuel properties of algae oil and its compatibility with diesel engines when combined with diesel fuel. To further understand the related topic, the study aims to explore the fuel properties, focusing on the viscosity and calorific value of Biodiesel Algae oil (BD) with n-butanol (nB). The Alge oil was prepared on the lab scale before blending to produce 4 different mixtures of Biodiesel. The results indicate that the blend 93BD7nB, which contained 93% of Algae biodiesel and 7% of n-butanol, obtained 0.168 Pa/s, which is in the required range in the standard limit ASTM D6751 whereas the calorific values for all samples above the standard limit EN 14214 indicate a good efficiency. In conclusion, this fuel blend exhibits promising potential for future utilization in diesel engine operations and provides an alternative solution for energy depletion.
Application of block copolymers in organic solar cells
Authors: Tu Minhao 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
After many years of development, block copolymers became one of the most important materials for organic solar cells. They were used in photovoltaic cells because of their self-assembly properties and controlled ordered nanoscale, which is ideal for electron-hole pair separation. However, block copolymers still faced several major challenges as organic solar materials, and this paper focused on their limitations and corresponding solutions in terms of material design, morphology control, and interface modification, as well as on the fundamental molecular engineering principles involved. In the paper’s conclusion, an perspective on the use of modern, advanced block copolymers in organic solar cells was provided.
Analysis of cooling technology of power battery of new energy vehicles
Authors: Zhang Zijing 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
To effectively deal with the energy crisis, air pollution and other problems, various countries and regions have increasingly strict emission standards for automobile exhaust. New energy vehicles have been produced and vigorously developed. The power battery is a vital part of new energy vehicles, and the battery’s operating temperature needs to be precisely controlled to achieve the smooth functioning of new energy vehicles. This paper will analyze the current application status, principles and application scenarios of different cooling technologies for power batteries of new energy vehicles by examining the characteristics of various cooling technologies, contrasting their cooling capacities, summarizing their corresponding ways of improvement, and identifying the development trend. Despite the extensive use of air cooling systems in the past decades, it has been gradually replaced by liquid cooling in recent years, and It has been discovered that heat pipe cooling works greatest when the starting temperature is constant. However, the heat pipe cooling method is still in development and has not been applied to real vehicles. Therefore, heat pipe cooling may become the most potentially efficient cooling method in the future.
Silicon based integrated photonic chip technology for datacenter optical interconnection
Authors: Ye Peixin 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
With the rise of the modern Internet of Things, big data and other industries, the human society’s demand for information increases rapidly, and the demand for broadband network capacity shows a dramatic growth trend. As its core support, optical communication system and data center are facing major challenges. With the characteristics of small volume, light weight and low power consumption, optoelectronic integrated devices are the key devices to break through the bottleneck of optical communication system and data center optical interconnection. In this paper, silicon-based integrated optical switching technology and multiplexing technology applied for datacenter optical interconnection are studied. The implementation methods and technical bottlenecks of silicon-based integrated optical switching chips and mode multiplexing/demultipelxing chips are discussed. Moreover, the future of silicon-based integrated photonic technology is prospected.
Study on the interaction of vehicle-to-grid and its impact on power quality of electric grid
Authors: Cao Yuting 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
With the continuous increase in the number of electric vehicles (EVs) in the market, both EVs and charging stations are rapidly developing. This paper provides an overview of the negative impacts of EV charging on the distribution grid at the current stage. It summarizes specific solutions proposed by scholars both domestically and internationally to address the effects on voltage, harmonics, and power quality. These solutions mainly involve the addition of filters to the distribution grid, the use of 12-pulse rectifiers, and series resonance. Furthermore, the paper analyzes how Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology can balance the grid and regulate power quality issues caused by EV charging, ensuring stable system operation. V2G technology also enables EVs to function as mobile energy storage devices and allows for rational energy distribution using bidirectional charging stations. The integration of charging stations with the grid, forming a connected vehicle network, is considered the future direction of EV development.
Literature review of research progress on car following model
Authors: Fei Gao 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In the past several decades, the car-following model has attracted many experts and scholars from the fields of traffic engineering, computational physics, psychology and so on, these experts and scholars have carried on the thorough research and the exploration to it, causes the model analysis essential factor from simple to rich, from simple to complex. With the continuous improvement of the model, the improved car-following model is more and more in line with the actual traffic conditions. With the development of traffic technology, driver’s car-following behavior will change greatly, which is realized by developing and establishing ITS, driver information guidance system and vehicle automatic intelligent cruise system. Therefore, a lot of car-following models for specific problems have emerged, which is of great practical significance to the further study of car-following theory. In this paper, the research background and significance of car-following model are deeply discussed, the current research status and conclusions are comprehensively analyzed, and the future research direction in this field is prospected.
Analysis of the application of intelligent CNC technology in machinery manufacturing
Authors: Du Shicheng 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The application of intelligent computer numerical control(CNC) technology enjoys a key strategic position in various countries, and countries that attach importance to the development of CNC machine tools and their fields of innovation branches generally have a solid foundation of intelligent manufacturing and strong production capacity. Combined with big data and artificial intelligence, CNC technology has become an important cornerstone of smart manufacturing. In order to achieve the goal of sustainable development, the machinery manufacturing industry should not only improve product accuracy and enrich product types, but also shorten the production cycle as much as possible and avoid the impact of human errors on product quality. Based on this, this paper mainly analyzes in detail the actual development of machinery manufacturing based on intelligent robot numerical control technology in order to provide some help for the long-term development of the industry. This paper is dedicated to the visualization of relevant data and finally provides a reliable basis for the corresponding decision-making based on the current actual development of intelligent CNC technology. After this paper analyzes the current situation of the industry, we find that intelligent numerical control technology has a vital role in the intelligent transformation of China’s industry, high-tech innovation, and rationalization of AI applications, and we hope that this paper can provide a reference for China’s industrial production industry.
Simulation and analysis of stability of UAV control system based on PID control under different wind forces
Authors: Hong Kaibin 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The four-rotor UAV has attracted the attention of various fields and has been applied in more areas due to its advantages of low cost, high reliability and simple structure. Nowadays, more complex environment and interference factors put forward higher requirements for the accuracy and stability of the flight control system of UAV. At present, the most widely used four-rotor UAV flight control system is PID control system. This paper constructs a UAV control system based on PID algorithm to analyse and study the dynamic stability control effect of UAV under different wind impact scenarios. MATLAB is used to simulate and analyze the system, and the future development is expected according to the simulation results.
Review on filtering antenna technology for 5G mobile system
Authors: Cao Xinran 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In recent years, people’s increased demand for wireless communication technology fuels the development of 5G communication technology growth. Electronic equipment in the current wireless communication system is developing in the direction of low power consumption, multi-function, miniaturization, and integration, which also puts higher technical standards for RF front-end. In recent years, the wireless communication industry is building lighter, thinner, and smaller products with multifunction. The integration of filter and antenna is one of the important ways for the miniaturization of electronic systems. The antenna and filter are integrated to form a filtering antenna, which can effectively reduce the size and weight of the RF front end while realizing the function of radiation and filtering. This paper first introduces the research background and significance of this topic according to the background of mobile communication technology, and the main challenges faced by 5G communication. Then, the working principle of filtering antenna and multiple-input multiple-output technology (MIMO) are introduced, and finally the development and research status of 5G filtering antenna are summarized, and some relevant personal views are put forward.
Comparison and summary of Faster R-CNN, YOLOv3 and YOLOv5 applied in vehicle detection
Authors: Luo Sirui 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Nowadays, computer vision and machine learning are widely applied in vehicle detection. The technique of object detection is also of necessity in this realm. However, due to the large variety of models in object detection, it is important to find the most specifically suitable model for detecting vehicles in many situations. In this paper, we focus on comparing and summarizing Faster R-CNN, YOLOv3 and YOLOv5 applied in vehicle detection. We would introduce the models in relative detail and design an experiment to verify the models’ performances. The methodology for the experiment is to train the three models using the same dataset of vehicles, compare the different attributes of these results and find the most suitable application scenario for vehicle detection for each model.
The promise of training deep neural networks on CPUs: A survey
Authors: He Wei 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This survey presents a comprehensive analysis of the potential benefits and challenges of training deep neural networks (DNNs) on CPUs, summarizing existing research in the field. Five distinct DNN models are examined: Ternary Neural Networks (TNNs), Binary Neural Networks (BNNs), Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs), and a novel method called Sub-Linear Deep Learning Engine (SLIDE), specifically designed for CPU-based network training. The survey emphasizes the advantages of using CPUs for DNN training, such as low cost, compact size, and broad applicability across various domains. Furthermore, the survey collects concerns related to CPU acceleration, including the absence of a unified programming model and the inefficiencies in DNN training due to increased floating-point operations. The survey explores algorithmic and hardware optimization strategies, incorporating compressed network structures, innovative techniques like SLIDE, and the RISC-V instruction set to tackle these issues. According to the survey, CPUs are more likely to become the alternative for developers with limited resources in the future. Through continued algorithm optimization and hardware enhancements, CPUs can provide more cost-efficient neural network training solutions, excelling in areas such as mobile servers and edge computing.
FPGA: The super chip in the age of artificial intelligence
Authors: Xu Heyang 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In modern society, artificial intelligence (AI) is developing more rapidly. And the Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) has always been the focus of research as a driving platform. This paper studies in detail the theoretical basis, applications, defects, and future development directions of FPGAs. It is concluded that FPGA has three characteristics: gate array, programmable, and scene, and the detailed positioning of FPGA, the structure, principle, tools, process, and description language of FPGA design. And the unique advantages of FPGA in the field of artificial intelligence: flexible and configurable, special optimizations for convolutional neural networks, and deterministic low latency. Several typical applications of FPGA in the field of artificial intelligence, deficiencies and solutions, and two future development directions. This article will make a great contribution to the development of FPGA in the field of artificial intelligence in the future.
A comprehensive review of performance analysis of RF-FSO hybrid communication systems
Authors: Han Boyu 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The combination of radio frequency (RF) and free-space optical (FSO) communication has grown in importance as a study area for wireless communication systems in recent years. This technology has the ability to address the rising need for high-speed, high-capacity wireless communication in a variety of applications by successfully integrating the benefits of both RF and FSO communication. The performance analysis of various communication systems based on RF-FSO hybrid technology is covered in detail in this research. An overview of the RF-FSO hybrid technology and its many architectures follows the introduction of the key features and benefits of RF and FSO communication. The performance analysis of several RF-FSO hybrid communication systems, including relay-assisted RF-FSO systems, cooperative diversity RF-FSO systems, and dual-hop RF-FSO systems, are discussed in detail. The performance metrics, such as bit error rate (BER), outage probability, and channel capacity, is analyzed and compared for these systems. Based on the analysis of existing literature, several key conclusions are drawn. First, RF-FSO hybrid technology can provide higher data rates and greater reliability than traditional communication systems. Secondly, the performance of the RF-FSO hybrid system, which combines the advantages of RF technology and FSO technology, has bright development prospects. Finally, the RF-FSO hybrid system can also be combined with other systems for better performance and wider application scenarios.
Gain maximization of thulium-doped fiber amplifiers based on genetic algorithm with 1900 nm signal
Authors: Luo Xiang 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
With the development of fiber communication technology, the existing operating wavelength band of fiber amplifiers, such as 1530-1560 nm and 1480-1510 nm, may not be satisfied with the growing requirement in many fields. Therefore, this research emphasizes expanding the available band (1800-2000 nm) and maximizing the gain of the thulium doped fiber amplifier at the central wavelength (1900 nm). The study is based on the two-level energy system of thulium ion, which can cover the objective wavelength. According to the related rate equations solved by the symbol function method and power propagation equations solved by the Fourth order Runge-Kutta method, use MATLAB to simulate a fiber amplifier and study the coeffect amplification effect of thulium doped fiber amplifier to 1900 nm signal light. Use the Genetic algorithm to find the best parameters match (fiber length 1m and doping concentration 3.5) when the gain reaches the maximum (27.5 dB). Through optimizing the collocation of parameters, the gain can be maximized.
Measurement of granite resistivity under deep underground conditions based on van der Pauw method
Authors: Kerui He , Yang Jiang , Renjie Zhang , Jie Tang 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
With the growing demand for sustainable energy and infrastructure development in the country, the utilization of deep geothermal resources and the development of deep underground space engineering are becoming more and more important. Under the background that the country vigorously promotes the development of deep rock and soil underground space and the utilization of resources. The experiment will be performed on granite, one of the deep subsurface rocks, a rock type widely used in geotechnical research projects because of its high strength, low permeability and thermal stability. However, its properties under the extreme temperature and chemical conditions deep in the earth are unknown, and how to efficiently convert deep rocks into geothermal resources for utilization is still unknown. Therefore, studying the influence of temperature and chemical corrosion on the resistivity of granite is very important to ensure the safety and durability of underground structures and effectively utilize thermal energy resources in deep underground. This experiment will control the influence of temperature, pressure, chemical corrosion and the comprehensive effect of the three on the resistivity of granite, and indirectly measure the amount of heat absorbed in the granite rock mass. Simulate the deep underground granite under high confining pressure, high ground temperature and corrosion conditions the nature of the performance. Record, count and analyze the data, comprehensively judge the environmental interference of the granite rock formation under actual conditions and compare the destructive effects of temperature and chemical corrosion and the change of the resistivity of the rock mass. Help scientifically judge and accurately analyze the underground construction problems that may be encountered in future projects and the effective utilization of geothermal energy and provide a basis for the application of key technologies and methods.
A mechanical arm based on image recognition and remote control
Authors: Li Kangmin 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Mechanical arm, image recognition and wireless transmission have been a hot topic and technology in recent years. This paper mainly introduces the object recognition mechanical arm based on the mechanical arm and wireless transmission technology. The system is modular, and the whole equipment system is divided into remote control system and mechanical arm system according to function. The remote control system is an upper computer software which integrates image recognition, related data processing module and wireless transmission module. The remote end includes wireless transmission module, steering gear control module and image acquisition module. The image is collected and sent to the remote control system, and the motion trajectory of the mechanical arm is obtained after calculation, and the control signal of the stepping motor on the mechanical arm is further calculated, and finally sent to the mechanical arm system to achieve the purpose of remote control. At the same time, during the movement of the mechanical arm, the relevant data is collected by the sensor on the mechanical arm and sent back to the remote control terminal for display and judgment. In this project, the mechanical arm system can automatically recognize the target on a two-dimensional plane and move the mechanical arm according to the object position. Meanwhile, the upper computer can display relevant data information.
The performance optimization of 4-bit absolute-value detector
Authors: Jiang Ziyang 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Absolute-Value Detection is a popular algorithm used for sorting spiking signals, and the 4-bit Absolute-Value Detector is a fundamental circuit in the spike-sorting field. This paper presents three distinct approaches for designing an absolute-value detector, along with optimization techniques used in these circuits. The paper begins by discussing the circuit’s structure, followed by using logical effort theory to calculate critical path delays. Next, the paper compares the critical path delays and transistor numbers of the three designs. Finally, the paper identifies the optimal design among the three circuits, which provides the best delay performance at a low cost. Applying optimization techniques to the optimal absolute-value detector resulted in a significant improvement in its performance. These findings have important implications for the future development of related industries, as they can help further refine and enhance the performance of spike-sorting algorithms. Overall, this paper provides valuable insights into the design and optimization of absolute-value detectors, which will be of great interest to researchers and practitioners in the field.