bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of novel proteins in culture filtrates of Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette‐Guérin in the isoelectric point range 6–11
Authors: Florio Walter , Batoni Giovanna , Esin Semih , Bottai Daria , Maisetta Giuseppantonio , Pardini Manuela , Campa Mario 
Published: May 2003

AbstractTwo‐dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry were used to identify proteins in the isoelectric point range 6–11 in culture filtrates of Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette‐Guérin (BCG). Twelve proteins were identified, three of which had not been described previously. The expression of the identified proteins was comparatively analyzed in culture filtrates of BCG in different growth phases and culture conditions. For some of these proteins, the relative protein abundance in the different culture filtrate preparations was significantly different. The differential expression of the identified proteins is discussed in relation to their putative localization and/or biological function.
“Two‐in‐one” gel for spot matching after two‐dimensional electrophoresis
Authors: Wang Yuen‐Yuen , Cheung Pik‐Yuen , Wong Man‐Sau , Lo Samuel Chun‐Lap 
Published: May 2003

AbstractTwo‐dimensional electrophoresis (2‐DE) is one of the most commonly used techniques in proteomic investigations. However, due to the complex interplay of incidence including significant biological sample variations, lengthy steps involved in performing 2‐DE as well as exposure time with silver staining, it is sometimes difficult to differentiate authentic differences caused by drug treatment with those artifacts caused by sample variations, running conditions of 2‐DE as well as treatment time in silver staining etc. If we can compare pooled samples of control and treatment groups run in a single gel and stained together, we would be more comfortable with our findings. We propose here a low cost and highly effective method for locating differentially expressed proteins before and after drug treatment. This “two‐in‐one gel” technique might partially solve the problems mentioned above.
Proteome analysis of male gametophyte development in rice anthers
Authors: Kerim Tursun , Imin Nijat , Weinman Jeremy J. , Rolfe Barry G. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractWe used proteomic analysis to investigate the changing patterns of protein synthesis during pollen development in anthers from rice plants grown under strictly controlled growth conditions. Cytological analysis and external growth measurements such as anther length, auricle distances and days before flowering were used to determine pollen developmental stages. This allowed the collection of synchronous anther materials representing six discrete pollen developmental stages. Proteins were extracted from the anther samples and separated by two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis to produce proteome maps. The anther proteome maps of different developmental stages were compared and 150 protein spots, which were changed consistently during development, were analysed by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization‐time of flight mass spectrometry to produce peptide mass fingerprint (PMF) data. Database searches using these PMF data revealed the identities of 40 of the protein spots analyzed. These 40 proteins represent 33 unique gene products. Four protein spots that could not be identified by PMF analysis were analysed by N‐terminal microsequencing. Multiple charge‐isoforms of vacuolar acid invertase, fructokinase, β‐expansin and profilin were identified. These proteins are closely associated with sugar metabolism, cell elongation and cell expansion, all of which are cell activities that are essential to pollen germination. The existence of multiple isoforms of the same proteins suggests that during the process of pollen development some kind of post‐translational modification of these proteins occurs.
Prevalence of symptoms of asthma and allergies in schoolchildren in Gondar town and its vicinity, northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Hailu Sirak , Tessema Tesfaye , Silverman Michael 
Published: May 2003

AbstractA low level of allergic disorders has been generally reported in children from developing countries. A survey was conducted to determine the prevalence of symptoms of asthma and allergies among schoolchildren in Gondar, northwest Ethiopia. A standardized self‐administered questionnaire developed by the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Children (ISAAC) was used. In total, 3,365 children aged 13–14 years were surveyed at school, with a response rate of 98.4%. The female to male ratio was 1.5:1. The 12‐month‐period prevalences of wheeze (16.2%), rhino‐conjunctivitis (14.5%), and eczema (10.9%) were comparable to findings from Addis Ababa, but significantly higher than reported from Jimma. A striking seasonal pattern of rhinitis symptoms is observed during the months of September–December with a peak in November, corresponding with the main pollen season of the area. Overall, about 36% of the children reported symptoms of atopic disorders. However, the prevalence of diagnosed atopic diseases (8.6%) is less than a quarter of the symptom prevalence rate. This may reflect a generally poor awareness and low health service utilization, or underdiagnosis by health facilities. In conclusion, it appears that the prevalence of atopic diseases in Gondar area is high, and there is also wide variation within the country. This calls for further epidemiological studies with more objective assessments of atopy, such as allergen and bronchial hyperresponsiveness tests and ecological analysis. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2003; 35:427–432. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Simple and specific test for the diagnosis of aspiration into the airways using a corn flour‐milk mixture in a hamster model
Authors: Springer Chaim , Avital Avraham 
Published: May 2003

AbstractAspiration into the airways is one of the major causes of lung disease in infants and young children. Unfortunately, the diagnosis of aspiration is often delayed due to unawareness and low sensitivity and specificity of existing diagnostic tests. We tested the efficacy of a new method, using a mixture of corn flour in milk instilled into the trachea, to diagnose aspiration in a hamster model. Forty‐five female hamsters were used for the experiments. Twenty hamsters underwent tracheal instillation of 0.1 ml of a mixture of 7.5% corn flour (containing starch granules with a diameter of 2–30 μm) in milk. Twenty control animals underwent tracheal instillation of saline. Five hamsters served as naive controls. Five animals from the corn flour and saline groups underwent bronchoalveolar lavage on days 1, 3, 7, and 14 after tracheal instillation. Starch granules were identified under light microscopy, using both iodine and Diff‐Quik staining in all the corn flour‐instilled animals and during all days after tracheal instillation. No starch granules were detected in naive or saline‐treated animals. Starch granules were detected over 14 days following tracheal instillation, with a half‐life rate of disappearance of about 6 days. Corn flour aspiration in hamsters can be easily identified by light microscopy, using simple laboratory techniques. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2003; 35:400–404. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pulmonary manifestations and function tests in children genetically diagnosed with FMF
Authors: Brik Riva , Gershoni‐Baruch Ruth , Shinawi Marwan , Barak Larissa , Bentur Lea 
Published: May 2003

AbstractFamilial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is characterized by recurrent episodes of peritonitis, pleuritis, and synovitis. Among the pulmonary manifestations of FMF, pleuritis is the most common. Long‐term sequelae of the respiratory system have not been described in FMF patients. We describe the pulmonary manifestations and function tests in a group of children who were found by genetic screening to be homozygous for the FMF gene. We surveyed 48 patients of Mediterranean extraction (aged 6–18 years) who were evaluated for a variety of pulmonary symptoms, and in whom clinical and genetic studies confirmed a diagnosis of FMF. All patients underwent complete pulmonary function tests, which included spirometry, body plethysmography, and single‐breath carbon monoxide diffusion (Dlco). Forty percent of the Jewish patients, but only 8% of the Arab patients (P < 0.001), suffered from pulmonary manifestations during an attack of FMF. Jewish patients who were homozygotes for the M694V mutation suffered significantly more from episodes of pleuritis, cough, and rapid, shallow breathing than Arab patients, who were either homozygotes for the V726A mutation or bore any other combination of mutations. Three patients (6%) had mild restrictive lung disease, all of them homozygotes for the M694V mutation. In 3 further patients, obstructive lung impairment was found. Pulmonary manifestations during FMF attacks are significantly more common in the Jewish population bearing the M694V mutation. Restrictive lung impairment was found in a small number of these patients with a severe course of the disease; however, the series is too small to draw conclusions about long‐term sequelae of the respiratory system in FMF patients. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2003; 35:452–455. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Iatrogenic pleuropulmonary charcoal instillation in a teenager
Authors: Godambe Sandip A. , Mack Jennifer W. , Chung David S. , Lindeman Robert , Lillehei Craig W. , Colin Andrew A. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractActivated charcoal given through a nasogastric tube is a standard intervention for many types of toxic ingestions in the emergency department. This case study describes a teenage girl whose multidrug overdose was complicated by accidental charcoal instillation into her left lung and pleural space through a misplaced nasogastric tube. The ensuing empyema did not respond to antibiotic therapy alone, probably due to the inherent properties of charcoal, and required a chest tube placement with continuous irrigation. Unlike previously reported cases, this patient did well clinically, without long‐term morbidity. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2003; 35:490–493. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Correlation of six different cystic fibrosis chest radiograph scoring systems with clinical parameters
Authors: Terheggen‐Lagro Suzanne , Truijens Neeltje , van Poppel Noor , Gulmans Vincent , van der Laag Johan , van der Ent Cornelis 
Published: May 2003

AbstractIn past decades, several chest radiograph scoring systems for cystic fibrosis were developed. This study was performed to compare interobserver variability of six different radiograph scores and to correlate them with clinical parameters. Thirty chest radiographs of 30 patients with cystic fibrosis were scored according to Shwachman‐Kulczycki scoring, Chrispin‐Norman scoring, adjusted Chrispin‐Norman scoring, Brasfield scoring, Wisconsin scoring, and the Northern scoring system by two independent observers. Data on clinical parameters such as lung function, nutritional status, and infectious exacerbation rate, obtained simultaneously with the chest radiograph, were reviewed. Interobserver variability was low (Pearson's correlation coefficients, 0.76–0.84; all P < 0.01), and scores had good limits of agreement (Bland and Altman). Correlation of radiograph score with clinical parameters was good for most pulmonary function test data (correlation coefficients from 0.72–0.78 for percent of forced expired volume in 1 sec (FEV1%) predicted and from 0.69–0.74 for FVC% predicted) and for infectious exacerbation rate (correlation coefficients from 0.68–0.73). All six radiograph scoring systems, especially the Chrispin‐Norman score, showed a low interobserver variability and correlated well with lung function tests, especially FEV1% predicted and infectious exacerbation rate, and moderately with maximum work capacity and thoracic mobility. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2003; 35:441–445. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Noninvasive ventilation in the pediatric intensive care unit for children with acute respiratory failure
Authors: Teague W. Gerald 
Published: May 2003

AbstractNoninvasive ventilation, a novel treatment to increase alveolar ventilation, is accomplished with either subatmospheric or positive pressure administered via an external interface. In adults with acute respiratory failure, noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) is superior to standard therapy in preventing intubation and reducing mortality. The role of NPPV in pediatric‐age patients with acute respiratory distress is not as well established. Early case reports showed that NPPV treatment does acutely improve both the clinical manifestations of respiratory distress and respiratory gas exchange in children with respiratory distress. However, it is not clear whether NPPV in this setting can prevent vs. delay endotracheal intubation. Other uses of NPPV in the pediatric intensive care unit include the treatment of upper airway obstruction, atelectasis, and exacerbations of neuromuscular disorders, and to facilitate weaning from invasive mechanical ventilation. Successful use of NPPV in young infants with respiratory distress is impeded by the lack of suitable size interfaces, and the response characteristics of commercially available bilevel ventilators. Despite these challenges, NPPV is a promising alternate to standard therapies in the treatment of acute respiratory distress in the pediatric‐age patient. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2003; 35:418–426. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rapid progression of intrapulmonary arteriovenous shunting in polysplenia syndrome associated with biliary atresia
Authors: Kimura Takuya , Hasegawa Toshimichi , Sasaki Takashi , Okada Akira , Mushiake Sotarou 
Published: May 2003

AbstractThis report describes a patient with biliary atresia (BA) associated with polysplenia syndrome who showed a rapid progression of intrapulmonary arteriovenous shunting (IPS), resulting in a fatal outcome. Intrauterine ultrasonography at 36 weeks of gestation revealed fetal abnormalities, including situs inversus, absent retrohepatic inferior vena cava, and azygous connection. She was diagnosed postnatally as BA because of persistent acholic stool and neonatal jaundice. She underwent hepatic portoenterostomy at age 158 days. The gallbladder and the hepatic ducts were hypoplastic, and the common bile duct was absent. Magnetic resonance image and operative findings also identified polysplenia and an absent portal trunk. Liver histology showed cirrhotic changes and bile duct proliferation. Postoperatively, she achieved good bile secretion, with gradual decrease of total bilirubin. However, she had repeated febrile episodes, and computerized tomography at age 7 months showed multiple liver cysts. Thereafter, she presented with exertional dyspnea. Contrast‐enhanced echocardiography showed IPS with a degree of 2/III at age 8 months and 3/III at 10 months. 99mTechnetium‐labeled macroaggregated albumin (99mTc‐MAA) scintigraphy revealed a shunt ratio of 25.5% at 9 months and 39.7% at 10 months. Percutaneous transhepatic drainage of the bile cysts was performed without success. Sludged bile was obtained. However, respiratory distress rapidly progressed, and she died at age 11 months. In the present patient, the association of polysplenia syndrome and absent portal vein with BA, as well as liver cirrhosis, seemed to be contributing factors to rapid progression of IPS in early life. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2003; 35:494–498. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Non‐CF bronchiectasis: Clinical and HRCT evaluation
Authors: Chang A.B. , Masel J.P. , Boyce N.C. , Wheaton G. , Torzillo P.J. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractChildhood bronchiectasis not related to underlying disease is still common in some populations in affluent countries. The aims of the study were to: 1) describe demographics, 2) evaluate the effectiveness of routine investigations, and 3) determine the relationship between spirometry and radiology scoring systems, in children with chronic suppurative lung disease (CSLD) living in Central Australia. Data of children living in Central Australia aged ≤15 years with noncystic fibrosis CSLD were identified over 2 years. Chest high‐resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scans were interpreted by a pediatric radiologist and scored according to three systems. Sixty‐five children were identified, resulting in a prevalence of at least 14.7/1,000 aboriginal children aged ≤15 years. Comorbidities (most common: suppurative otitis media in >70%) and early hospitalisation for pneumonia were common (median age, 0.5 years). Previous admissions for pneumonia were almost universally present and significantly more common than bronchiolitis (95% CI for proportional difference, 0.4–0.51). Although the majority did not have a treatable underlying cause, investigations had significant impact on management in 12.3% of children. None of the chest HRCT scores related to any spirometry data. In conclusion, CSLD is unacceptably common in indigenous children of this region, commences early in life, and is associated with significant comorbidities. Spirometry data do not reflect the severity of lung disease in HRCT scans. While improvement in the living standards is of utmost importance, the medical management that includes thorough investigations of these children should not be neglected. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2003; 35:477–483. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Oral administration of specific yolk antibodies (IgY) may prevent Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in patients with cystic fibrosis: A phase I feasibility study
Authors: Kollberg Hans , Carlander David , Olesen Hanne , Wejåker Per‐Erik , Johannesson Marie , Larsson Anders 
Published: May 2003

AbstractRespiratory infection is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) infections ultimately occur in virtually all patients. It is impossible to eradicate PA when a patient has been chronically colonized. Immunotherapy with specific egg‐yolk antibodies (IgY) may be an alternative to antibiotics for the prevention of PA infections. We wanted to determine if treatment with specific IgY can prolong the period between the first and the second PA colonization? And long‐term, can the treatment diminish the number of positive PA cultures and postpone the onset of chronic colonization? CF patients gargled daily with an IgY‐antibody preparation, purified from eggs of hens immunized with PA bacteria. They were compared to a group of patients who did not gargle with the preparation. Both groups had their first colonization with PA eradicated by antibiotics. The basic treatment was essentially the same in both groups. In the initial study, the period between the first and second colonization with PA was significantly prolonged for the treated vs. the control group (Kaplan‐Meier P = 0.015, Breslow test). In the prolonged study, the treated group had only 2.5 sputum cultures positive for PA per 100 months of observation, and none of these patients became chronically colonized with PA. No adverse events were reported. In the control group, 13.7 cultures per 100 months of observation were positive for PA, and 5 (24%) patients became chronically colonized with PA. This feasibility study shows that antipseudomonal IgY has the potential to effectively prevent PA colonization without any severe adverse effects. A phase III study should be initiated. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2003; 35:433–440. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Early postnatal dexamethasone influences matrix metalloproteinase‐2 and ‐9, and their tissue inhibitors in the developing rat lung
Authors: Valencia Arwin M. , Beharry Kay D. , Ang Jorge G. , Devarajan Kamakshi , Van Woerkom Richard , Abrantes Maria , Nishihara Kenji , Chang Eileen , Waltzman Joshua , Modanlou Houchang D. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractIn order to test the hypothesis that early postnatal exposure to dexamethasone (Dex) influences matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)‐2 and ‐9, as well as their tissue inhibitors (TIMP‐1 and ‐2) in the developing rat lung, newborn rats (3 litters/group) were treated with low Dex (0.1 mg/kg/day, IM), high Dex (0.5 mg/kg/day), or equivalent volumes of saline at 5 days postnatal age (P5), P6, and P7. Lung weight and lung MMP and TIMP levels were determined at sacrifice (7 days postinjection, P14; at weaning, P21; and at adolescence, P45, n = 10/group and time). Dex did not adversely affect lung weight or lung MMP‐2 levels, which peaked in all groups at P21 and then fell by P45. In contrast, Dex decreased TIMP‐2 at all time intervals, but achieved statistical significance only at P45. An imbalance in MMP‐2/TIMP‐2 ratio was noted at P21, with elevations occurring in the low and high Dex‐treated groups. Lung MMP‐9 levels remained comparable with controls during low Dex treatment. However, high Dex exposure resulted in elevated lung MMP‐9 levels at P21 and P45. Lung TIMP‐1 levels increased only with high Dex exposure at P14 and P21, whereas the lung MMP‐9/TIMP‐1 ratio was elevated at P21 in the high Dex group, and at P45 in both Dex‐treated groups. These data provide evidence that early postnatal dexamethasone results in an imbalance between gelatinase‐A and ‐B, and their tissue inhibitors in the developing rat lung. These changes may be responsible, in part, for some of the known maturational effects of steroids on lung structure in the newborn. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2003; 35:456–462. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Teaching of pulmonary auscultation in pediatrics: A nationwide survey of all U.S. accredited residencies
Authors: Mangione Salvatore , Torre Dario M. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractStructured teaching of pulmonary auscultation is greatly underrepresented during internal medicine (IM) or family practice (FP) training. It is not known, however, whether this underrepresentation applies to the other major field of primary care, pediatrics. To answer this question, we surveyed all accredited U.S. residencies in pediatrics by mailing a 1‐page questionnaire to 174 pediatrics program directors, and by comparing results to those previously gathered from internal medicine and family practice residencies. Pediatrics directors' response rate was 62%. More pediatrics than family practice residencies offered structured teaching of pulmonary auscultation (21.5% vs. 9.7%, P < 0.004). When compared to internal medicine programs, this difference showed a trend toward significance (21.5% for pediatrics and 14.1%, for internal medicine, P = 0.08). Teaching modalities included: lectures (91.2%); audiotapes (13%); seminars (8.3%); and miscellaneous (21.7%). University‐affiliated residencies taught auscultation significantly more frequently than nonuniversity‐affiliated programs (25.4% vs.10.5%, P = 0.07). Pediatrics directors gave great importance to pulmonary auscultation, and wished for more time devoted to its teaching (5.52 ± 0.84 and 5.01 ± 1.07, respectively, on a 1–6 scale, with 6 indicating the highest value). They also attributed great clinical importance to 13 commonly encountered pulmonary auscultatory events (all rated, on average, between 4–5.8 on a 1–6 scale, with 6 indicating highest importance). In summary, training programs in pediatrics offered significantly more structured teaching of pulmonary auscultation than IM or FP residencies. Whether this difference in teaching may have a beneficial impact on the auscultatory proficiency of pediatric residents, as compared to internal medicine and family practice trainees, needs to be determined. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2003; 35:472–476. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.