bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Osteopontin induces multiple changes in gene expression that reflect the six “hallmarks of cancer” in a model of breast cancer progression
Authors: Cook Amy C. , Tuck Alan B. , McCarthy Susan , Turner Joel G. , Irby Rosalyn B. , Bloom Gregory C. , Yeatman Timothy J. , Chambers Ann F. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractTumor progression is a multistep process, which enables cells to evolve from benign to malignant tumors. This progression has been suggested to depend on six essential characteristics identified as the “hallmarks of cancer,” which include: self‐sufficiency in growth signals, insensitivity to growth‐inhibitory signals, evasion of apoptosis, limitless replicative potential, sustained angiogenesis, and tissue invasion and metastasis. Osteopontin (OPN) is an integrin‐binding protein that has been shown to be associated with the progression of several cancer types, and to play an important functional role in various aspects of malignancy, particularly tissue invasion and metastasis. Here we studied genes regulated by OPN in a model of human breast cancer using oligonucleotide microarray technology by comparing the gene‐expression profiles of 21NT mammary carcinoma cells transfected to overexpress OPN versus mock‐transfected control cells. From over 12,000 human genes, we identified 99 known human genes differentially regulated by OPN whose expression changed by at least 1.5‐fold and showed statistically significant differences in mean expression levels between groups. Functional classification of these genes into the hallmarks of cancer categories showed that OPN can affect the expression of genes involved in all six categories in this model. Furthermore, we were able to validate the expression of 18/19 selected candidate genes by quantitative real‐time PCR, further supporting our microarray findings. This study provides the first evidence that OPN can lead to numerous gene expression changes that influence multiple aspects of tumor progression and malignant growth. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The effect of PPARγ ligands on UV‐ or chemically‐induced carcinogenesis in mouse skin
Authors: He Guobin , Muga Stephanie , Thuillier Philippe , Lubet Ronald A. , Fischer Susan M. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractPeroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is a ligand activated transcription factor. There have been suggestions that PPARγ ligands may have utility in preventing tumor development in rodent mammary glands and colon. The recent finding that mice lacking one allele of the PPARγ gene were significantly more susceptible to 7,12‐dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)‐induced skin carcinogenesis compared to wild‐type mice highlights mouse skin as another potential organ in which PPARγ ligands may be effective as chemopreventive agents. In this study, we assessed the effect of two PPARγ ligands (rosiglitazone and troglitazone) on UV and DMBA/12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate (TPA)‐induced mouse skin carcinogenesis, two of the most commonly used mouse skin carcinogenesis models. Unexpectedly, neither rosiglitazone (dietary 200 ppm) nor troglitazone (topical 100 μg) significantly inhibited UV‐induced skin tumor development in SKH‐1 hairless mice. Likewise, dietary rosiglitazone did not statistically significantly inhibit DMBA/TPA‐induced skin tumor development. Interestingly, dietary troglitazone significantly inhibited basal level keratinocyte proliferation as shown by 5‐bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling, but it had no effect on TPA‐induced epidermal cell proliferation. Northern blot analysis showed that PPARγ expression was extremely low in normal mouse epidermis and was virtually undetectable in skin tumors. Collectively, our data suggest that PPARγ ligands may not be useful in the prevention of chemically or UV‐induced skin tumors. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Association of non‐starch polysaccharides and ferulic acid in grain amaranth (Amaranthus caudatus L.) dietary fiber
Authors: Bunzel Mirko , Ralph John , Steinhart Hans 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe association of ferulic acid, an alkali‐extractable phenolic acid in amaranth (Amaranthus caudatus L., Amaranthaceae) insoluble fiber (trans‐ferulic acid: 620 μg·g–1, cis‐ferulic acid: 203 μg·g–1), and non‐starch polysaccharides was investigated. Enzymatic hydrolysis of insoluble amaranth fiber released several feruloylated oligosaccharides that were separated using Sephadex LH‐20‐chromatography and reversed phase‐high performance liquid chromatography (RP‐HPLC). Three compounds were unambiguously identified: O‐(6‐O‐trans‐feruloyl‐β‐D‐galactopyranosyl)‐(1→4)‐D‐galactopyranose, O‐(2‐O‐trans‐feruloyl‐α‐L‐arabinofuranosyl)‐(1→5)‐L‐arabinofuranose, and O‐α‐L‐arabinofuranosyl‐(1→3)‐O‐(2‐O‐trans‐feruloyl‐α‐L‐arabinofuranosyl)‐(1→5)‐L‐arabinofuranose. These feruloylated oligosaccharides show that ferulic acid is predominantly bound to pectic arabinans and galactans in amaranth insoluble fiber. 5‐O‐trans‐Feruloyl‐L‐arabinofuranose was the only compound isolated in pure form from an acid hydrolyzate. This compound may have its origin from pectic arabinans but also from arabinoxylans.
Evidence for the γ‐relaxation in the light scattering spectra of poly (n‐hexyl methacrylate) near the glass transition
Authors: Savin Daniel A. , Patterson Gary D. , Stevens James R. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe full range of relaxation processes present in optically pure poly‐(n‐hexyl methacrylate) (PHMA) was studied using Rayleigh–Brillouin and photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS). Brillouin shifts, linewidths, and Landau–Placzek ratios (LPR) were measured over the temperature range from −11 to 21 °C. The Brillouin splitting and linewidth were consistent with previous studies of PHMA, but the LPR was much lower, indicating that the scattered light primarily comes from intrinsic density fluctuations. Relaxation functions of the same PHMA sample were measured using PCS over the temperature range 0.5–52.5 °C. The average relaxation times calculated from a Williams–Watts fit follow a VFT temperature dependence, with the stretching parameter β decreasing with decreasing temperature. The distribution of relaxation times reveals a merging of the α and β‐relaxations over this temperature range, and the temperature dependent width confirms that there are at least two processes with separate temperature dependences. Furthermore, there appears a process at short times in the correlation function window at low temperatures. This upturn at the fastest relaxation times is attributed to the γ‐relaxation present in higher order methacrylate polymers. The effect of the γ‐relaxation is discussed in terms of the dynamic behavior over 12 decades in time. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 1504–1519, 2005
Deformation and molecular orientation in films of metallocene polypropylene, ethylene–butylene rubber, and their 80/20 (w/w) blend revealed by the simultaneous kinetic measurement of microscopic infrared dichroism, macroscopic stress, and mesoscale strain
Authors: Naka Yoshihito , Nemoto Norio , Song Yihu 
Published: May 2005

AbstractSimultaneous kinetic measurement of microscopic infrared dichroism, macroscopic stress, and mesoscale strain was used to study the deformation mechanisms of metallocene polypropylene (MPP), ethylene–butylene rubber (EBR), and their blend (MPP/EBR = 80/20 w/w). As with pure MPP, the molecular orientation in the blend is dominated by the necking of the isotactic polypropylene matrix. During the necking passage through the mesoscale sampling area, the molecular orientation of the polypropylene matrix in the blend is smaller than that in the pure polypropylene film at the same level of mesoscale strain. However, the orientation of the EBR dispersed phase in the blend is larger than that in the pure EBR film. This may result from the partial miscibility of the two ingredients in the amorphous phases and their resultant strong interfacial interaction. The large stress supported by the MPP matrix extends to the island of the EBR domain and leads to its large deformation. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 1520–1531, 2005
On double barrier quantum well conductance effects due to exchange and correlation
Authors: Hasbun J. E. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractConductance investigations in double barrier resonant tunneling (DBRT) structures under an applied voltage usually make use of the BenDaniel–Duke equation (BDK), coupled to the Poisson equation, to incorporate electron interactions through the Hartree term in a self‐consistent way. By including an extra self‐consistency condition, it is possible to go beyond the Hartree approximation and include exchange and correlation (EC) effects through the local density approximation (LDA). In this paper, the inclusion of EC effects is made by means of the analytically parametrized υinf
xc of Hedin and Lundqvist. A comparison with previous work that excludes such effects is carried out for the energy spectrum as well as for the field dependent conductance in a GaAs/AlGaAs DBRT structure. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Peculiarities of resonances of elastic and magnetoelastic waves in (111)‐oriented two‐layered structure
Authors: Gareyeva Z. V. , Doroshenko R. A. , Vakhitov R. M. , Ryakhova O. G. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe dimensional resonant frequency of elastic and magnetoelastic waves in bilayered structure: magnetic film‐non‐magnetic elastic substrate have been explored. The diagrams of resonant frequencies dependences upon material parameters of a system such as wave resistances, layers thicknesses have been constructed. Violation of the equidistant arrangement of resonant frequency harmonics for a composite bilayered structure has been shown. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Dielectric function of antiferroelectric thin films
Authors: Wesselinowa J. M. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractA Green's function technique is developed to study the real and imaginary parts of the dielectric function ε(k, E) for antiferroelectric thin films below and above Tc. We calculate the two‐particle Green's function 〈〈Sz(k‖)Sz(–k‖)〉〉 beyond the random phase approximation taking into account the coupling between the transverse and the longitudinal relaxing mode. The dependence on temperature and film thickness is discussed and compared with the experimental data. Due to stronger damping effects in thin films the peak of the dielectric function becomes broader with decreasing film thickness. The temperature, where the dielectric function offers a maximum, can decrease or increase in dependence on the strength of the exchange interaction parameter. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Picosecond ultrasonic measurement of the velocity of phonons in water
Authors: Shelton L. J. , Yang F. , Ford W. K. , Maris H. J. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractWe report measurements of the sound velocity as a function of temperature in water using the picosecond acoustic interferometry technique. We show that this method can be used to make velocity measurements on very small sample volumes. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Medroxyprogesterone Acetate Elevation of Nm23-H1 Metastasis Suppressor Expression in Hormone Receptor–Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Palmieri Diane , Halverson Douglas O. , Ouatas Taoufik , Horak Christine E. , Salerno Massimiliano , Johnson Jennifer , Figg W. Douglas , Hollingshead Melinda , Hursting Stephen , Berrigan David , Steinberg Seth M. , Merino Maria J. , Steeg Patricia S. 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
Background: Reestablishment of metastasis suppressor gene expression may constitute a therapeutic strategy for high-risk breast cancer patients. We previously showed that medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), a progestin that has been tested as treatment for advanced breast cancer, elevates expression of the Nm23-H1 metastasis suppressor gene in hormone receptor–negative metastatic human breast carcinoma cell lines in vitro via a glucocorticoid receptor–based mechanism. Here, we tested whether MPA treatment inhibits metastatic colonization of a hormone receptor–negative breast cancer cell line in vivo. Methods: We tested the soft-agar colony-forming efficiency of untransfected MDA-MB-231T human breast carcinoma cells and MDA-MB-231T cells transfected with antisense Nm23-H1 in the presence and absence of MPA. Pharmacokinetic studies were used to establish dose and injection schedules that led to MPA serum levels in mice similar to those achievable in humans. For in vivo studies, nude mice were injected intravenously with MDA-MB-231T cells. After 4 weeks, mice were randomized to control or MPA arms. Endpoints included incidence, number, and size of gross pulmonary metastases; Nm23-H1 protein expression in gross metastases; and side effects. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: MPA reduced colony formation of MDA-MB-231T cells by 40%–50% but had no effect on colony formation of Nm23-H1 antisense transfectants. Metastases developed in 100% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 78% to 100% and 77% to 100%, respectively) of control mice injected with MDA-MB-231T cells. In two independent experiments, only 73% (95% CI = 45% to 92%) and 64% (95% CI = 35% to 87%) of mice injected with 2 mg of MPA developed metastases. Mice injected with 2 mg of MPA showed reductions in the mean numbers, per mouse, of all metastases and of large (>3 mm) metastases ( P = .04 and .013, respectively). Nm23-H1 was expressed at high levels in 43% of pulmonary metastases in MPA-treated mice but only 13% of metastases in untreated mice. Mice receiving at least 1-mg doses of MPA gained more weight than control-treated mice but exhibited no bone density alterations or abnormal mammary fat pad histology. Conclusion: Our preclinical results show that MPA appears to elevate Nm23-H1 metastasis suppressor gene expression, thereby reducing metastatic colonization. The data suggest a new use for an old agent in a molecularly defined subset of breast cancer patients.
Evaluation of the Personal Dental Services (Wave 1) for Lambeth, Southwark and Lewisham Primary Care Trusts – Part 2: Retrospective analyses of treatment and other dental record data
Authors: Best Helen , Newton Tim 
Published: May 2005

AbstractAim/Objective  The purpose of the study was to undertake analyses of treatment data for the Personal Dental Services (PDS) of Lambeth, Southwark and Lewisham Primary Care Trusts and relate the analyses to the PDS goals of supporting practitioners deliver appropriate quality dental care and ensuring that appropriate quality safety net services are available for all residents.Method  Analyses of treatment data provided by the Dental Practice Board were undertaken for the post‐PDS period (February 1999–March 2003, based on data availability). Analyses of the clinic notes for 1500 patients were also undertaken for the 1 year pre‐PDS period (October 1997–September 1998) and post‐introduction of the PDS (October 1998–June 2003). Two sets of analyses were undertaken to evaluate trends in treatment claims for the Dental Practice Board data, absolute numbers of each type of treatment claimed each month and change in numbers of types of treatments claimed over time. The clinic notes were used to undertake post‐PDS, pre‐PDS comparisons of the number of treatment items and grouped treatment item categories undertaken and the number of courses and percentages of private treatment items provided. The following sociodemographic characteristics of the patients were also analysed, age, gender, exemption  status  and  attendance  status.Results  Overall it was identified that the percentage reduction in the number of treatment items undertaken was 13% (95% CI −19%, −7%), post‐ as compared to the pre‐PDS introduction period. On an annual basis it was identified that the percentage reduction in the number of treatment items undertaken per year per patient post‐PDS was 4% (95% CI −6%, −2%). There were significant variations in the impact of the PDS on the number of treatment items undertaken for different types of patients. A limited number of treatment types changed significantly post‐ as compared to pre‐PDS. The proportion of exempt patients treated did not increase  post‐PDS.Conclusions  It is possible that a less  invasive style of dental treatment was provided during the course of the PDS, however, there was only limited evidence to indicate that dentists practice style changed based on types of treatment categories provided. The PDS provided a limited safety net service for local residents. In setting program goals the nature of quality dental practice requires definition and evaluation should be undertaken on a prospective basis.
Measuring men's preferences for involvement in medical care: getting the question right
Authors: Gattellari Melina , Ward Jeanette E. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractRationale, aims and objectives  Now that active involvement by patients in their health care is widely endorsed, valid and reliable methods for determining preferences for involvement in treatment decision making are essential. Relatively little methodological work has been conducted to compare and contrast their reliability and validity. Available single‐item measures exist to determine preferences, ranging from ‘menu‐based’ questions to simpler Likert‐type scales.Methods  Within a larger community survey of 514 men aged 50–70 years in Sydney, Australia, we compared two measures to assess their preferences for involvement in medical decision making. Using the ‘menu‐based’ Control Preference Scale (CPS), men were classified as preferring to be either ‘passive’ or ‘active’ during decision making or to share (‘shared’) with their doctors on an equal basis. Men also were classified as preferring to be either ‘passive’ or ‘active’ according to a Likert‐scale measure.Results  Agreement between the two measures was ‘poor’ (kappa = 0.19). While 24.9% of participants were classified as preferring a ‘passive’ role in treatment decision making according to the CPS, almost half (47.9%) were so classified according to Arora and McHorney's measure. In the absence of a ‘shared’ response option on the Arora and McHorney measure, 45.3% of men classified as preferring a ‘shared role’ on the CPS were instead categorized as ‘passive’ using Arora and McHorney's measure. Predictors of preferring a ‘passive’ role also differed, depending on the measure employed. Only occupational skill level predicted men's preferences for a ‘passive’ role when measured by the CPS [odds ratio (OR) = 1.67; 95% CI 1.09–2.55] (P = 0.02). For the Arora and McHorney's measure of preferences for involvement, men were significantly more likely to prefer a ‘passive’ role if they were older [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.06, 95% CI 1.02–1.09] (P = 0.001), currently smoking (AOR = 1.86, 95% CI 1.09–3.17) (P = 0.02) and had higher chance health locus of control scores (AOR = 1.26; 95% CI 1.01–1.56) (P = 0.04). Having been employed or previously employed in an occupation of a lower skill level was also significantly and independently predictive of a passive role (AOR = 2.35, 95% CI 1.57–3.50)  (P < 0.001).  Conclusions  Single‐item measures of decisional preferences have poor convergent validity. Characteristics associated with preference classifications also differ, depending upon the measures used. These results suggest that research efforts should be directed towards developing psychometrically robust measures to determine decisional preferences.
Strengthening the HIV/AIDS service delivery system in Liberia: an international research capacity‐building strategy
Authors: Johnson Knowlton , Kennedy Stephen B. , Harris Albert O. , Lincoln Adams , Neace William , Collins David 
Published: May 2005

AbstractLiberia's prolonged post‐conflict transition has negatively impacted its health infrastructure, including the functioning of its health care delivery system. Considering the current national health crises, a study was conducted to identify research gaps and the need to propose changes for improving the health care delivery system in the country. The study results clearly demonstrated a lack of HIV/AIDS research infrastructure including organizational structure, linkages, leadership, champions, expertise, resources, and policies and procedures. Alignment of research needs and practice, and research use to support HIV/AIDS service delivery programmes in the country was also limited. An international research capacity‐building partnership is proposed as an effective planned change strategy to strengthen HIV/AIDS‐related research infrastructure and to inform management and practice within the Liberian HIV/AIDS service delivery system. A proposed capacity‐building planning model can also strengthen research infrastructure and the production and use of research to positively impact the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Liberia and other developing countries.
Costs and effectiveness of pre‐ and post‐operative home physiotherapy for total knee replacement: randomized controlled trial
Authors: Mitchell Caroline , Walker Jane , Walters Stephen , Morgan Anne B. , Binns Teena , Mathers Nigel 
Published: May 2005

AbstractAims and objectives  To assess the effectiveness of pre‐ and post‐operative physiotherapy at home for unilateral total knee replacement (TKR).Methods  In this pragmatic randomized controlled trial set in participants’ homes (four primary care trust areas) and physiotherapy outpatients in a South Yorkshire teaching hospital trust, 160 osteoarthritis patients waiting for unilateral TKR were randomly allocated to intervention (home) group (n = 80) or control (hospital outpatient) group (n = 80). The intervention group had pre‐ and post‐operative home visits for assessment and treatment by a community physiotherapist. Outcome measures were health‐related quality of life (HRQoL), measured by the Western Ontario McMaster Osteoarthritis index (WOMAC) and the Short Form 36 health survey (SF‐36) pre‐operatively and at 12 weeks post‐TKR operation; patient satisfaction; and  NHS resource use.Results  No significant differences were observed between the two treatment groups in the primary outcome measure, the WOMAC pain score, or any other HRQoL score. The home group had a significantly greater mean number of physiotherapy sessions than the hospital group [mean difference 5.2 sessions, 95% confidence interval (CI) = −6.3 to −4.1; P = 0.001]. There was no significant difference in the total NHS costs per patient between groups. However, home physiotherapy for TKR was significantly more expensive (mean difference –£136.5, 95% CI = –£160 to –£113; P = 0.001). Patients were equally satisfied with physiotherapy at home or in hospital; however, more of the home group would choose their location for physiotherapy again.Conclusions  Although home physiotherapy was as effective and as acceptable to patients as hospital outpatient physiotherapy for unilateral TKR, it was more expensive. Additional pre‐operative home physiotherapy did not improve patient‐perceived health outcomes.