bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using clinical and genetic risk factors for risk prediction of 8 cancers in the UK Biobank
Authors: Hu Jiaqi , Ye Yixuan , Zhou Geyu , Zhao Hongyu 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Models with polygenic risk scores and clinical factors to predict risk of different cancers have been developed, but these models have been limited by the polygenic risk score–derivation methods and the incomplete selection of clinical variables.

Methods
We used UK Biobank to train the best polygenic risk scores for 8 cancers (bladder, breast, colorectal, kidney, lung, ovarian, pancreatic, and prostate cancers) and select relevant clinical variables from 733 baseline traits through extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost). Combining polygenic risk scores and clinical variables, we developed Cox proportional hazards models for risk prediction in these cancers.

Results
Our models achieved high prediction accuracy for 8 cancers, with areas under the curve ranging from 0.618 (95% confidence interval = 0.581 to 0.655) for ovarian cancer to 0.831 (95% confidence interval = 0.817 to 0.845) for lung cancer. Additionally, our models could identify individuals at a high risk for developing cancer. For example, the risk of breast cancer for individuals in the top 5% score quantile was nearly 13 times greater than for individuals in the lowest 10%. Furthermore, we observed a higher proportion of individuals with high polygenic risk scores in the early-onset group but a higher proportion of individuals at high clinical risk in the late-onset group.

Conclusion
Our models demonstrated the potential to predict cancer risk and identify high-risk individuals with great generalizability to different cancers. Our findings suggested that the polygenic risk score model is more predictive for the cancer risk of early-onset patients than for late-onset patients, while the clinical risk model is more predictive for late-onset patients. Meanwhile, combining polygenic risk scores and clinical risk factors has overall better predictive performance than using polygenic risk scores or clinical risk factors alone.
A dynamic model of professional legitimacy: Linking professional logics and jurisdictional threats in the corporate credit rating industry
Authors: Apkarian Jacob 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Research on the professions argues that inference and routinization are key components of professional practice associated with professional legitimacy. However, the literature fails to provide a mechanism linking these practices to legitimacy. The logic of professionalism literature successfully links professional practices to legitimacy via guiding logics, but ignores the importance of routinized practices in the legitimation process. Furthermore, in explaining the prevalence of routinization versus inference in professional occupations, the organizational literature ignores their contributions to legitimacy and exclusively focuses on their contributions to efficiency and effectiveness in the production process. In this article, I propose to resolve all three issues first by interpreting the professional processes of inference and routinization as deriving from distinct professional logics. As such, they provide professionals with unique ideological rationales for legitimacy buffering them from two specific jurisdictional threats. With data from the corporate credit rating industry, I demonstrate that professional firms shift the degree to which they emphasize inference versus routinization in their production process in response to these jurisdictional threats. Finally, I present a model explaining how professional industries rely on a dynamic combination of inference and routinization to maintain a delicate balance over their claimed jurisdictions. This model links the practices of inference and routinization to professional legitimacy via institutional logics, brings greater attention to the importance that routinization plays in the logic of professionalism, and provides a more comprehensive explanation as to why the relative salience of inference and routinization varies within and between professional industries over time.
A 20-year misdiagnosis: a rare presentation of a basal cell carcinoma
Authors: Liyanage Dinithi , Clough Richard , Pandit Deepa , McKirdy Stuart 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common form of skin cancer. BCCs are seldom reported on the sole of the foot due to a lack of exposure to UV radiation which is the main risk factor. We present a brief literature review and case report of a 42-year-old female with a non-resolving lesion on the mid-arch of her left foot over a 20-year period. Tissue diagnosis identified the lesion as a BCC. Disease-free control was achieved but the patient experienced significant morbidity resulting in three separate procedures to diagnose, excise and reconstruct the defect. When evaluating lesions on the sole clinicians should consider BCC as a differential, particularly in those which do not respond to initial treatment.
A case of delayed dyspnea after corrective posterior fusion of the middle and lower cervical spine for dropped head syndrome
Authors: Sato Shinsuke , Nakao Yusuke , Kumaki Shingo , Sano Shigeo 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Dyspnea has been reported to occur following posterior occipitocervical fusion. However, there are no documented cases of dyspnea following posterior fixation of the middle and lower cervical spine without posterior occipitocervical fusion. An 80-year-old woman underwent corrective fusion from T4 to the ilium for kyphoscoliosis. Sixteen months later, the patient developed cervical kyphosis (dropped head syndrome) with proximal junctional kyphosis, leading to a pedicle subtraction osteotomy at T4 and an extended fixation to C2. On the sixth postoperative day, the patient experienced respiratory arrest, prompting a reoperation to reduce cervical lordosis, ultimately resolving the respiratory dysfunction. Excessive correction of cervical kyphosis should be avoided to prevent the occurrence of postoperative dyspnea, even in cases where posterior occipitocervical fusion has not been performed.
Surgical correction of multiple renoduodenal fistulas due to chronic pyelonephritis: a case report and literature review
Authors: Jones Amber L , Braden Lindsey A , Hillyer Shahab P 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Renoduodenal fistulas are a rare and uncommon phenomenon that account for ˂1% of those found between the urinary and intestinal tracts. Precipitation of this pathologic tract can be caused by chronic inflammation, necrosis, or ischemia. This case illustrates a 72-year-old man presenting with flank pain discovered to have multiple renoduodenal fistulas and our approach that led to the resolution of his symptoms. We review the pathophysiology, management, and effects of these fistulous tracts on renal function. Patients with staghorn calculi should undergo immediate evaluation for removal of the stone. In cases complicated by fistula formation, need for radical nephrectomy should be investigated and surgical repair should be pursued.
Retroperitoneal paraduodenal unicentric Castleman disease: case report and review of the literature
Authors: Intagliata Eva , Vecchio Rosario , Vizzini Clarissa , Villari Loredana , Cacciola Rossella Rosaria , Cacciola Emma , Vecchio Veronica 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCastleman disease is a rare and benign disorder, characterized by enlarged lymph nodes and angiofollicular lymphoid hyperplasia. We report a case of a 57-year-old male, who was admitted to our surgical department because of a retroperitoneal nodular mass measuring about 4 cm in maximum diameter, incidentally discovered on a radiologic exam performed for the onset of vague abdominal pain with posterior irradiation. The patient was subdue to laparoscopic removal of the mass and no intra- and post-operative complications were recorded. Histologic diagnosis of hyaline-vascular variant of the Castleman disease was confirmed. Only two cases have been found in the literature reporting the paraduodenal unicentric Castleman disease localization like our case. Although rare, the Castleman disease must be considered in the differential diagnosis among all the lymph nodes diseases, for avoiding improper therapies.
Epigenetics and plant hormone dynamics: a functional and methodological perspective
Authors: Rudolf Jiri , Tomovicova Lucia , Panzarova Klara , Fajkus Jiri , Hejatko Jan , Skalak Jan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Plant hormones, pivotal regulators of plant growth, development, and response to environmental cues, have recently emerged as central modulators of epigenetic processes governing gene expression and phenotypic plasticity. This review addresses the complex interplay between plant hormones and epigenetic mechanisms, highlighting the diverse methodologies that have been harnessed to decipher these intricate relationships. We present a comprehensive overview to understand how phytohormones orchestrate epigenetic modifications, shaping plant adaptation and survival strategies. Conversely, we explore how epigenetic regulators ensure hormonal balance and regulate the signalling pathways of key plant hormones. Furthermore, our investigation includes a search for novel genes that are regulated by plant hormones under the control of epigenetic processes. Our review offers a contemporary overview of the epigenetic–plant hormone crosstalk, emphasizing its significance in plant growth, development, and potential agronomical applications.
Revisiting the role of ascorbate oxidase in plant systems
Authors: Mellidou Ifigeneia , Kanellis Angelos K 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Ascorbic acid (AsA) plays an indispensable role in plants, serving as both an antioxidant and a master regulator of the cellular redox balance. Ascorbate oxidase (AO) is a blue copper oxidase that is responsible for the oxidation of AsA with the concomitant production of water. For many decades, AO was erroneously postulated as an enzyme without any obvious advantage, as it decreases the AsA pool size and thus is expected to weaken plant stress resistance. It was only a decade ago that this perspective shifted towards the fundamental role of AO in orchestrating both AsA and oxygen levels by influencing the overall redox balance in the extracellular matrix. Consistent with its localization in the apoplast, AO is involved in cell expansion, division, resource allocation, and overall plant yield. An increasing number of transgenic studies has demonstrated that AO can also facilitate communication between the surrounding environment and the cell, as its gene expression is highly responsive to factors such as hormonal signaling, oxidative stress, and mechanical injury. This review aims to describe the multiple functions of AO in plant growth, development, and stress resilience, and explore any additional roles the enzyme might have in fruits during the course of ripening.
High mono-rhamnolipids production by a novel isolate Pseudomonas aeruginosa LP20 from oily sludge: characterization, optimization, and potential application
Authors: Li Chunyan , Wang Yujing , Zhou Liguo , Cui Qingfeng , Sun Wenzhe , Yang Junyuan , Su Han , Zhao Feng 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This study aims to isolate microbial strains for producing mono-rhamnolipids with high proportion. Oily sludge is rich in petroleum and contains diverse biosurfactant-producing strains. A biosurfactant-producing strain LP20 was isolated from oily sludge, identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa based on phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA. High-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry results indicated that biosurfactants produced from LP20 were rhamnolipids, mainly containing Rha-C8-C10, Rha-C10-C10, Rha-Rha-C8-C10, Rha-Rha-C10-C10, Rha-C10-C12:1, and Rha-C10-C12. Interestingly, more mono-rhamnolipids were produced by strain LP20 with a relative abundance of 64.5%. Pseudomonas aeruginosa LP20 optimally produced rhamnolipids at a pH of 7.0 and a salinity of 0.1% using glycerol and nitrate. The culture medium for rhamnolipids by strain LP20 was optimized by response surface methodology. LP20 produced rhamnolipids up to 6.9 g L−1, increased by 116%. Rhamnolipids produced from LP20 decreased the water surface tension to 28.1 mN m−1 with a critical micelle concentration of 60 mg L−1. The produced rhamnolipids emulsified many hydrocarbons with EI24 values higher than 56% and showed antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Cladosporium sp. with inhibition rates 48.5% and 17.9%, respectively. Pseudomonas aeruginosa LP20 produced more proportion of mono-rhamnolipids, and the LP20 rhamnolipids exhibited favorable activities and promising potential in microbial-enhanced oil recovery, bioremediation, and agricultural biocontrol.
Long-term follow-up observations of extreme coronal line emitting galaxies
Authors: Clark Peter , Graur Or , Callow Joseph , Aguilar Jessica , Ahlen Steven , Anderson Joseph P , Berger Edo , Müller-Bravo Tomás E , Brink Thomas G , Brooks David , Chen Ting-Wan , Claybaugh Todd , de la Macorra Axel , Doel Peter , Filippenko Alexei V , Forero-Romero Jamie E , Gomez Sebastian , Gromadzki Mariusz , Honscheid Klaus , Inserra Cosimo , Kisner Theodore , Landriau Martin , Makrygianni Lydia , Manera Marc , Meisner Aaron , Miquel Ramon , Moustakas John , Nicholl Matt , Nie Jundan , Onori Francesca , Palmese Antonella , Poppett Claire , Reynolds Thomas , Rezaie Mehdi , Rossi Graziano , Sanchez Eusebio , Schubnell Michael , Tarlé Gregory , Weaver Benjamin A , Wevers Thomas , Young David R , Zheng WeiKang , Zhou Zhimin 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
We present new spectroscopic and photometric follow-up observations of the known sample of extreme coronal line-emitting galaxies (ECLEs) identified in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). With these new data, observations of the ECLE sample now span a period of two decades following their initial SDSS detections. We confirm the non-recurrence of the iron coronal line signatures in five of the seven objects, further supporting their identification as the transient light echoes of tidal disruption events (TDEs). Photometric observations of these objects in optical bands show little overall evolution. In contrast, mid-infrared (MIR) observations show ongoing long-term declines consistent with power-law decay. The remaining two objects had been classified as active galactic nuclei (AGNs) with unusually strong coronal lines rather than being TDE related, given the persistence of the coronal lines in earlier follow-up spectra. We confirm this classification, with our spectra continuing to show the presence of strong, unchanged coronal line features and AGN-like MIR colours and behaviour. We have constructed spectral templates of both subtypes of ECLE to aid in distinguishing the likely origin of newly discovered ECLEs. We highlight the need for higher cadence, and more rapid, follow-up observations of such objects to better constrain their properties and evolution. We also discuss the relationships between ECLEs, TDEs, and other identified transients having significant MIR variability.
The S-PLUS Transient Extension Program: imaging pipeline, transient identification, and survey optimization for multimessenger astronomy
Authors: Santos A , Kilpatrick C D , Bom C R , Darc P , Herpich F R , Lacerda E A D , Sartori M J , Alvarez-Candal A , Mendes de Oliveira C , Kanaan A , Ribeiro T , Schoenell W 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
We present the S-PLUS Transient Extension Program (STEP): a supernova and fast transient survey conducted in the southern hemisphere using data from the Southern Photometric Local Universe Survey (S-PLUS) Main Survey and the T80-South telescope. Transient astrophysical phenomena have a range of interest that goes through different fields of astrophysics and cosmology. With the detection of an electromagnetic counterpart to the gravitational wave (GW) event GW170817 from a binary neutron stars merger, new techniques and resources to study fast astrophysical transients in the multimessenger context have increased. In this paper, we present the STEP overview, the SN follow-up data obtained, data reduction, analysis of new transients and deep learning algorithms to optimize transient candidate selection. Additionally, we present prospects and optimized strategy for the search of gravitational wave counterparts in the current LIGO/Virgo/Kagra observational run (O4) in the context of T80-South telescope.
Structure and composition of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune under different constraints and distortion due to rotation
Authors: Yıldız M , Çelik Orhan Z , Örtel S , Çakır T 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
The radii of planets serve as significant constraints for their internal structure. Despite the complexity of planetary internal structure compared to stars, substantial advancements have been made in this field. The most critical uncertainties stem from the chemical composition and equation of state of planetary material. Using the MESA code, we construct rotating and non-rotating interior models for Jupiter and Saturn and sought to align these models to the observed radii. Rotation exerts a significant influence on their structures, distorting planetary, and stellar structures in distinct ways. Regarding gas planets’ structure, two pivotal uncertain parameters depend on a possible separation between hydrogen and helium in the protosolar disc gas due to unequal evaporation between these two gases. In an extreme scenario where only hydrogen is lost and no heavy elements or helium are lost, Jupiter and Saturn would have a core mass of zero. However, this approach fails to yield a solution for Uranus and Neptune. Instead, our models indicate that hydrogen and helium were likely lost together during the protosolar disc phase, resulting in core masses of approximately 40, 25, 14, and 12 M⊕ for Jupiter, Saturn, Neptune, and Uranus, respectively. These findings are highly compatible with the observed mass–radius relationship of exoplanets, as well as the seismic and Juno data for Jupiter’s near-surface temperature.
Predicting the ages of galaxies with an artificial neural network
Authors: Hunt Laura J , Pimbblet Kevin A , Benoit David M 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
We present a new method of predicting the ages of galaxies using a machine learning (ML) algorithm with the goal of providing an alternative to traditional methods. We aim to match the ability of traditional models to predict the ages of galaxies by training an artificial neural network (ANN) to recognize the relationships between the equivalent widths of spectral indices and the mass-weighted ages of galaxies estimated by the magphys model in data release 3 (DR3) of the Galaxy and Mass Assembly (GAMA) survey. We discuss the optimization of our hyperparameters extensively and investigate the application of a custom loss function to reduce the influence of errors in our input data. To quantify the quality of our predictions we calculate the mean squared error (MSE), mean absolute error (MAE) and R2 score for which we find MSE = 0.020, MAE = 0.108 and R2 = 0.530. We find our predicted ages have a similar distribution with standard deviation σp = 0.182 compared with the GAMA true ages σt = 0.207. This is achieved in approximately 23 s to train our ANN on an 11th Gen Intel Core i9-11900H running at 2.50 GHz using 32 GB of RAM. We report our results for when light-weighted ages are used to train the ANN, which improves the accuracy of the predictions. Finally, we detail an evaluation of our method relating to physical properties and compare with other ML techniques to encourage future applications of ML techniques in astronomy.
The dynamical evolution of star-forming regions measured with INDICATE
Authors: Blaylock-Squibbs George A , Parker Richard J 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
Observations of star-forming regions provide snapshots in time of the star formation process, and can be compared with simulation data to constrain the initial conditions of star formation. In order to make robust inferences, different metrics must be used to quantify the spatial and kinematic distributions of stars. In this paper, we assess the suitability of the INdex to Define Inherent Clustering And TEndencies (INDICATE) method as a diagnostic to infer the initial conditions of star-forming regions that subsequently undergo dynamical evolution. We use INDICATE to measure the degree of clustering in N-body simulations of the evolution of star-forming regions with different initial conditions. We find that the clustering of individual stars, as measured by INDICATE, becomes significantly higher in simulations with higher initial stellar densities, and is higher in subvirial star-forming regions where significant amounts of dynamical mixing have occurred. We then combine INDICATE with other methods that measure the mass segregation (ΛMSR), relative stellar surface density ratio (ΣLDR), and the morphology (Q-parameter) of star-forming regions, and show that the diagnostic capability of INDICATE increases when combined with these other metrics.
Hybrid bias and displacement emulators for field-level modelling of galaxy clustering in real and redshift space
Authors: Pellejero Ibañez Marcos , Angulo Raul E , Jamieson Drew , Li Yin 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
Recently, hybrid bias expansions have emerged as a powerful approach to modelling the way in which galaxies are distributed in the Universe. Similarly, field-level emulators have recently become possible, thanks to advances in machine learning and N-body simulations. In this paper, we explore whether both techniques can be combined to provide a field-level model for the clustering of galaxies in real and redshift space. Specifically, here we will demonstrate that field-level emulators are able to accurately predict all the operators of a second-order hybrid bias expansion. The precision achieved in real and redshift space is similar to that obtained for the non-linear matter power spectrum. This translates to roughly 1–2 per cent precision for the power spectrum of a BOSS (Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey) and a Euclid-like galaxy sample up to $k\sim 0.6\ h\, {\rm Mpc}^{-1}$. Remarkably, this combined approach also delivers precise predictions for field-level galaxy statistics. Despite all these promising results, we detect several areas where further improvements are required. Therefore, this work serves as a road map for the developments required for a more complete exploitation of upcoming large-scale structure surveys.