bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship with spatial memory in diabetic rats and protein kinase Cγ, caveolin-1 in the hippocampus and neuroprotective effect of catalpol
Authors: Zhou Haicheng , Liu Jing , Ren Liyuan , Liu Wei , Xing Qian , Men Lili , Song Guirong , Du Jianling 
Published: January 2024

Background
The mechanisms underlying diabetic encephalopathy are largely unknown, and no effective treatments are available. Catalpol has received much attention due to its numerous biological effects, especially in neuroprotective studies. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of catalpol on cognitive functions in diabetic rats and the underlying mechanisms.

Methods
A rat model of diabetes was established by streptozotocin injection, followed by intraperitoneal infusion of catalpol after 10 weeks. Two weeks later, the Morris water maze was used to test the spatial learning performance. Nissl staining was performed to evaluate the morphological changes in the hippocampus. Expression of protein kinase Cγ (PKCγ) and caveolin-1 (Cav-1) in the hippocampus were assessed by reverse transcription PCR and Western blotting. Activities of anti-oxidative enzymes such as glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) and levels of malonaldehyde (MDA) were measured using commercial kits.

Results
Significant hippocampal neuronal injury was observed in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Moreover, cognitive dysfunction was associated with markedly increased oxidative stress in the brain. Catalpol treatment significantly attenuated cognitive deficits, neuronal damage, and oxidative stress in the brain of diabetic rats. Biochemical analyses showed that catalpol reversed the down-regulation of PKCγ and Cav-1 expression in the diabetic rats.

Conclusions
Spatial memory in diabetic rats is associated with the expression of PKCγ and Cav-1. Catalpol treatment markedly attenuated oxidative stress, reversed the alteration of PKCγ, Cav-1 and spatial memory deficits.
Bedside chest radiography of novel influenza A (H7N9) virus infections and follow-up findings after short-time treatment
Authors: SONG Feng-xiang , ZHOU Jun , SHI Yu-xin , ZHANG Zhi-yong , FENG Feng , ZHOU Jian-jun , WANG Qing-le 
Published: January 2024

Background
Influenza A (H7N9) virus infections were first observed in China in March 2013. This type virus can cause severe illness and deaths, the situation raises many urgent questions and global public health concerns. Our purpose was to investigate bedside chest radiography findings for patients with novel influenza A (H7N9) virus infections and the followup appearances after short-time treatment.

Methods
Eight hospitalized patients infected with the novel influenza A (H7N9) virus were included in our study. All of the patients underwent bedside chest radiography after admission, and all had follow-up bedside chest radiography during their first ten days, using AXIOM Aristos MX and/or AMX-IV portable X-ray units. The exposure dose was generally 90 kV and 5 mAs, and was slightly adjusted according to the weight of the patients. The initial radiography data were evaluated for radiological patterns (ground glass opacity, consolidation, and reticulation), distribution type (focal, multifocal, and diffuse), lung zones involved, and appearance at follow-up while the patients underwent therapy.

Results
All patients presented with bilateral multiple lung involvement. Two patients had bilateral diffuse lesions, three patients had unilateral diffuse lesions of the right lobe with multifocal lesions of the left lobe, and the remaining three had bilateral multifocal lung lesions. The lesions were present throughout bilateral lung zones in three patients, the whole right lung zone in three patients with additional involvement in the left middle and/or lower lung zone(s), both lower and middle lung zones in one patient, and the right middle and lower in combination with the left lower lung zones in one patient. The most common abnormal radiographic patterns were ground glass opacity (8/8), and consolidation (8/8). In three cases examined by CT we also found the pattern of reticulation in combination with CT images. Four patients had bilateral and four had unilateral pleural effusion. After a short period of treatment the pneumonia in one patient had significantly improved and three cases demonstrated disease progression. In four cases the severity of the pneumonia fluctuated.

Conclusions
In patients with influenza A (H7N9) virus infection, the distribution of the lung lesions are extensive, and the disease usually involves both lung zones. The most common imaging findings are a mixture of ground glass opacity and consolidation. Pleural effusion is common. Most cases have a poor short-time treatment response, and seem to have either rapid progressive radiographic deterioration or fluctuating radiographic changes. Chest radiography is helpful for evaluating patients with severe clinical symptoms and for follow-up evaluation.
Current status of pediatric kidney transplantation in China: data analysis of Chinese Scientific Registry of Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Longshan Liu , Huanxi Zhang , Qian Fu , Liping Chen , Chuanhou Sun , Yunyi Xiong , Bingyi Shi , Changxi Wang 
Published: January 2024

Background
Kidney transplantation (KTx) is the primary therapy for children with renal failure. Unlike KTx in adult patients, it is commonly agreed that pediatric KTx in China is far behind that of America. There has been no systematic analysis of Chinese pediatric KTx reported. This study aimed to demonstrate the current status of pediatric KTx in China.

Methods
Registry data of pediatric KTx (1983-2012) from Chinese Scientific Registry of Kidney Transplantation (CSRKT) were retrospectively analyzed.

Results
There were 851 pediatric KTx from 102 transplant units. The recipients were (15.4±2.5) years of age, 93.9% of who were over 10 years old. Chronic glomerulonephritis and pyelonephritis accounted for 75.6% of recognized primary diseases. Allografts were from deceased donors (72.2%) or living donation (27.7%). The patient survival for 1, 3, 5, and 10 years was 96.9%, 94.2%, 92.3%, and 92.3% and the graft survival was 94.6%, 91.4%, 86.3%, and 79.2%, respectively. The majority of post-transplant complications were acute rejection and infections. Annual transplant reached the peak in 2008 (n=114), and decreased sharply in 2006 (n=41) and 2010 (n=57). The percentage of pediatric KTx in total KTx was highest in 2007 (1.95%) and decreased to trough level in 2010 (1.0%). Living donation increased by 32.5-folds from 2004 to 2008 and then decreased by 86.6% till 2010. The percentage of living donation in pediatric or total KTx dynamically changed in a similar manner, while living donation ratio in pediatric KTx was much higher.

Conclusions
Kidney transplant can provide long-term benefits to pediatric recipients. Rejection and infections are worthy of concern during follow-up. Pediatric kidney transplant in China is very much lagging behind that in developed countries. Living donation played an important role in its development in the past decades. New strategies for implementation are encouraged to increase the priority of uremic children in organ allocation so as to promote its progress in China.
Chest radiographic characteristics of community-acquired Legionella pneumonia in the elderly
Authors: Zhang Zhigang , Liu Xinmin , Chen Luzeng , Qiu Jianxing 
Published: January 2024

Background

Legionella is an important community-acquired pneumonia pathogen. Although the elderly are especially susceptible to Legionella, few studies have looked at comparative radiographic features of Legionella pneumonia in this population. The aim of this study was to explore the chest radiographic characteristics of community-acquired Legionella pneumonia in the elderly.

Methods
Serial chest radiographs obtained in 34 patients hospitalized with serologically proven Legionella pneumonia were retrospectively reviewed. Chest X-ray features of an aged group of ≥65 years were assessed and compared with a non-aged group of <65 years old with regard to initial patterns and distributions of pulmonary abnormalities, accompanying signs, and progression.

Results
The most common initial presentation was a patchy alveolar infiltrate involving a single lobe, most often the lower lobe. There was no middle or lingular lobe involvement in the aged group patients, but bilateral pleural effusion was significantly more common in this group. In the aged group patients, radiographic progression following adequate therapy, despite a clinical response, was more often noted and the radiographs were less likely to have returned to the premorbid state at discharge, but the differences were not significant between the two groups.

Conclusion
The discrepancy between imaging findings and clinical symptoms seems more prominent in communityacquired Legionella pneumonia in the elderly.
Value of magnetic resonance imaging including dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in differentiation between inverted papilloma and malignant tumors in the nasal cavity
Authors: Wang Xinyan , Zhang Zhengyu , Chen Xiaoli , Li Jing , Xian Junfang 
Published: January 2024

Background
Distinguishing inverted papilloma (IP) from malignant tumors in the nasal cavity is difficult in a substantial number of cases, thus hindering the administration of appropriate therapeutic strategies. This study aimed to evaluate whether magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), including dynamic contrast enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI), could improve differentiation between IP and malignant tumors, and to identify which MRI features were the best in discriminating IP from malignant tumors in the nasal cavity.

Methods
Non-enhanced, static, and dynamic contrast enhanced MRI was performed in 88 patients with an IP or a malignant tumor in the nasal cavity that had been confirmed by histological results. MRI features of IP and malignant tumors including side, margin, T1 signal intensity, T1 homogeneity, T2 signal intensity, T2 homogeneity, lobulation signs, convoluted cerebriform pattern, extra-sinonasal involvement, pattern of enhancement, Tpeak, Tmax, CImax, and TIC type were evaluated and correlated with histological findings.

Results
There were significant differences between IP and malignant tumors in T2 homogeneity, lobulation signs, convoluted cerebriform pattern, extra-sinonasal involvement, Tpeak, Tmax and TIC types. A convoluted cerebriform pattern had a higher sensitivity and specificity in diagnosis of IP while washout-type TIC had a higher sensitivity and specificity in diagnosis of malignant tumors in the nasal cavity. Non-enhanced combined with static and dynamic enhancement MRI was significantly superior to non-enhanced combined with static enhancement MRI in the differentiation of IP and malignant tumors in the nasal cavity. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified that the best MRI features were a convoluted cerebriform pattern, extra-sinonasal involvement, and washout-type TIC for both observers (Wang XY and Zhang ZY).

Conclusion
Non-enhanced and static combined with dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI improves differentiation of IP and malignant tumors in the nasal cavity.
Kyphoplasty versus vertebroplasty for the treatment of malignant vertebral compression fractures caused by metastases: a retrospective study
Authors: Zhi Li , Caifang Ni , Long Chen , Zhiyong Sun , Chao Yang , Xin Zhao , Yanwei Wang 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundThere are few comparative studies regarding kyphoplasty (KP) and vertebroplasty (VP) for the treatment of painful vertebral compression fractures (VCF) in patients with cancer. The purpose of this study is to retrospectively compare KP with VP in pain improvement, cement leakage incidence, and the cost of treatment of malignant VCF.MethodsWe performed a retrospective study of clinical data for 80 patients with multiple spinal metastases, treated with KP in 42 cases and VP in 38. Visual analog scale (VAS) scores were collected pre-operatively, post-operatively, at 1 month, 6 months, and 1 year after treatment. Cement leakage was identified using fluoroscopy and CT scan. Total cost per patient was also collected.ResultsThere was a significant difference between the pre- and post-operative VAS scores (7.4±2.0 to 3.8±1.6,P< 0.001 in the KP group; 6.7±2.4 to 3.7±1.4,P<0.001 in the VP group), and was maintained at 1-year follow-up (3.2±1.4 in the KP group, 3.1±1.3 in the VP group). However, the difference in VAS score between these two groups was insignificant at baseline and every follow-up assessment post-operatively (P>0.05). The incidence of cement leakage in the KP group was lower than that of the VP group (16.9% (14/83) vs 30.3% (23/76),P<0.05). However, none of the patients developed any symptoms. The length of postoperative hospital stay in the VP group was shorter than that of the KP group ((2.4±1.3) vs (5.3±1.9) days,P<0.05). Total hospital cost in the KP group was much higher than that of the VP group (RMB Yuan 8 492±3 332 vs RMB Yuan 3 173±1 341,P<0.01).ConclusionsVP and KP are both effective in providing pain relief for patients with cancer-related VCF. KP provides no greater degree of pain improvement. KP is associated with a lower rate of cement leakage compared with VP. VP is associated with lower cost and shorter postoperative hospital stay in China.
Association between adiponectin concentrations and diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes: a meta analysis
Authors: Fan Xiaohong , Wu Qunhong , Li Yuan , Hao Yanhua , Ning Ning , Kang Zheng , Cui Yu , Liu Ruohong , Han Liyuan 
Published: January 2024

Background
Numerous studies have investigated the association between adiponectin concentrations and diabetic retinopathy (DR) caused by type 2 diabetic mellitus. However, the results remain conflicting. We performed a metaanalysis to explore the relationship between adiponectin concentrations and risk of DR caused by type 2 diabetic mellitus from published articles.

Methods
A published literature search was performed through the PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Science Citation Index Expanded database, Chinese CNKI, and Chinese Wan Fang databases for articles published in English and Chinese. Pooled standardized mean differences (SMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated using random or fixed effects model. Heterogeneity between studies was assessed using the Cochrane Q test and I
2 statistics.

Results
Nineteen studies with a total of 1 545 cases and 1 502 controls were retrieved. The original meta-analysis found a significant difference in the adiponectin concentrations between the DR and non-DR (NDR) groups. After excluding the high heterogeneity studies, the second meta-analysis also demonstrated the significant association (SMD (95% CI) =-0.62 (-0.80 to -0.44), P=0.0001). According to the available data, there was statistical significance in the adiponectin concentrations considering non-proliferative DR (NPDR) versus NDR, PDR versus NPDR in Chinese populations with high heterogeneity.

Conclusion
Adiponectin concentrations are correlated with DR; however, the relationship between adiponectin concentrations and DR needs more in-depth investigations with larger sample sizes.
Multicenter prospective study of magnetic resonance imaging prior to breast-conserving surgery for breast cancer
Authors: Qian Liu , Yinhua Liu , Ling Xu , Xuening Duan , Ting Li , Naishan Qin , Hua Kang , Hongchuan Jiang , Deqi Yang , Xiang Qu , Zefei Jiang , Chengze Yu 
Published: January 2024

Background
This multicenter prospective study aimed to assess the utility of dynamic enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) prior to breast-conserving surgery for breast cancer.

Methods
The research subjects were drawn from patients with primary early resectable breast cancer treated in the breast disease centers of six three-level hospitals in Beijing from 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2012. The participants were allocated to a breast-conserving surgery group (breast-conserving group) or a total mastectomy group (total mastectomy group). Enhanced MRI was used to measure breast volume, longest diameter of tumor and tumor volume. The correlations between these measurements and those derived from histopathologic findings were assessed. The relationships between the success rate of breast-conserving surgery and MRI- and pathology-based measurement results were statistically analyzed in the breast-conserving group.

Results
The study included 461 cases in the total mastectomy group and 195 in the breast-conserving group. Allocation to these groups was based on clinical indications and patient preferences. The cut-off for concurrence between MRI- and pathology-based measurements of the longest diameter of tumor was set at 0.3 cm. In the total mastectomy group, the confidence interval for 95% concurrence of these measurements was 35.41%-44.63%. Correlation coefficients for MRI and histopathology-based measurements of breast volume, tumor volume and tumor volume/breast volume ratio were r=0.861, 0.569, and 0.600, respectively (all P <0.001). In the breast-conserving group, with 0.30 cm taken as the cut-off for concurrence, the 95% confidence interval for MRI and pathology-based measurements of the longest diameter of tumor was 29.98%-44.01%. The subjective and objective success rates for breast-conserving surgery were 100% and 88.54%, respectively.

Conclusions
There were significant correlations between dynamic enhanced MRI- and histopathology-based measurements of the longest diameter of breast lesions, breast and tumor volumes, and breast volume/tumor volume ratios. Preoperative MRI examination improves the success rate of breast-conserving surgery.
Clinical features and outcomes of 210 patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Cai Miaotian , Zhu Min , Ban Chengjun , Su Jin , Ye Qiao , Liu Yan , Zhao Wen , Wang Chen , Dai Huaping 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a lethal chronic interstitial lung disease (ILD) of unknown cause and having a variable and unpredictable course. This study aimed to summarize the clinical features and follow-up outcomes and to identify potential factors useful for the assessment of prognosis in IPF.MethodsTwo hundred and ten patients hospitalized and diagnosed as IPF in our unit from January 1999 to June 2007 were enrolled into this study. The baseline demographic, clinical, radiologic and physiologic characteristics were summarized. Clinical follow-up data until February 2010 were collected, and the median survival time and 1-, 2-, and 5-year survival rates, as well as the influences of the summarized baseline variables on the prognosis were analyzed.ResultsThe age at diagnosis as IPF was (64±10) years, the duration before diagnosis of 106 patients (50%) was shorter than 2 years, and 73% were males. One hundred and forty-five patients (69%) had a history of smoking with a median pack-year of 18. Eighty-nine patients (42%) had emphysema and 62 patients (29%) pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). One hundred and twenty-four patients were followed up, of which 99 patients died from various causes including respiratory failure related to IPF (93%). The follow-up period was (21±23) months. The median survival time was 38 months. The 1-, 2-, and 5-year survival rates were 61%, 52%, and 39%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed clubbing, PAH, duration from initial onset to diagnosis, and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) were independent prognostic indicators of IPF.ConclusionIPF patients who have clubbing, PAH, a higher FEV1/FVC, and a short duration from initial onset to diagnosis have a poorer outcome.
A novel method of defective vascular reconstruction using 2-octyl-cyanoacrylate and homemade prosthetic component
Authors: Liang Xiangdang , Cai Hongfei , Sun Geng , Liu Zihao , Chen Wen , Tang Peifu 
Published: January 2024

Background
Currently, adhesive technique is popular in vascular repair but not widely used for defective vessels. This study aimed to determine the feasibility and effectiveness of repairing defective vessels with 2-octyl-cyanoacrylate and a homemade prosthetic component.

Methods
Homemade prosthetic component consisting of expanded polytetrofluoroethylene (ePTFE), terylene film, and homemade soluble hollow stent mixed with adhesive can replace autologous graft and suture in repairing defective vessels, can fix vessels better using the stent without occlusive bleeding. Forty male mongrel dogs were used, 20 for biomechanical tests and 20 for animal experiments. In the biomechanical test, dogs were randomly divided into two groups (n=10 each), one group repaired on the two sides of the carotid arteries with 2-octyl-cyanoacrylate and homemade component and another group repaired with suture and ePTFE. Of the 40 specimens, 10 were used for adhesive and 10 for suture specimens for tension strength test, whereas the remaining specimens were used for bursting pressure test. In animal experiments, dogs were also divided into adhesive and suture groups (n=10), only of the left carotid artery. Recording the operational time, bleeding or not. Vessels were tested using color Doppler ultrasound, the inner diameter was measured, and the degree of stenosis at 8 weeks was evaluated digital subtraction angiography (DSA) were also performed. Specimens were then analyzed histologically.

Results
In the adhesive and suture groups, the specimens could afford atension strength of (23.80±1.51) N versus (24.60±1.08) N (P>0.05), the bursting pressure was (52.03±2.43) kPa versus (50.04±3.51) kPa (P>0.05), and the mean time of anastomosis was (15.20±0.55) minutes versus (25.97±0.58) minutes (P <0.05). One dog in the adhesive group was bleeding from the suture. One dog from each group presented with thrombosis at 1 week. After measuring using ultrasound, the stenosis degree of all dogs were no more than 30% except the two thromboses. DSA and histological observation showed no obvious difference between the two groups.

Conclusion
Defective vascular anastomosis with 2-octyl-cyanoacrylate and our homemade prosthetic component is feasible, effective, timesaving, and easy to master.
Caspofungin versus liposomal amphotericin B for treatment of invasive fungal infections or febrile neutropenia
Authors: Zhang Jinyu , Gong Yizhen , Wang Ke , Kong Jinliang , Chen Yiqiang 
Published: January 2024

Background
Nowadays, there are published trials in regards to the comparison of caspofungin with liposomal amphotericin B (L-AmB). However, these studies have a modest sample size and convey inconclusive results. The aim of this study was to review the efficacy and safety of caspofungin for the treatment of invasive fungal infections (IFIs), compared with L-AmB.

Methods
Electronic databases (up to July 31, 2013) PubMed and Embase databases, the Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar were searched to identify relevant trials of caspofungin and L-AmB. Analyses of efficacy and adverse outcomes were performed by relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Heterogeneity was assessed by χ
2-test and the I2
-statistic.

Results
Three trials were included in this meta-analysis with 1249 modified intention-to-treat (MITT) patients. The results showed that caspofungin produced equal efficacy in favorable overall response (RR=1.02, 95% CI 0.88-1.18; P=0.81) and mortality rate (RR=1.53, 95% CI 0.38-6.27, P=0.55), safer in clinical adverse events (RR=0.20, 95% CI 0.08-0.54; P=0.001), laboratory adverse events (RR=0.69, 95% CI 0. 57-0.84; P=0.0002), and discontinuation rate (RR=0.26, 95% CI 0.08-0.83, P=0.02), compared with L-AmB in the treatment of patients with IFIs.

Conclusion
Based on the results of this meta-analysis, it would appear that caspofungin was measured to have equal efficacy in clinical outcomes and safer in terms of adverse events.