bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural Adjustment Programmes and the Development of Low-Income Landlordism in Tanzania: The Case of Mbeya Municipality and Dar es Salaam City
Authors: Kiduanga Juma 
Published: January 2024

The contribution made by SAPs to landlords was to create rented house properties, which were beneficial both to the landlords and tenants. In Dar es Salaam city and Urban Mbeya there has been an increase in housing stock as a result of rented houses built by landlords in the context of the programmes. The rented house properties contributed were used by the owners as productive assets and rented out to generate incomes, which were used to meet various socio-economic needs of the landlords. The tenants benefited from the rented houses contributed by having places to live and carry out their various socio-economic activities.
Despite all the above benefits the study found that while in Dar es Salaam 81% of 99 rented houses surveyed were incomplete in various physical structures and lacked electricity that of Urban Mbeya constituted 74% of 100 rented houses, an indication of poor conditions of many rented houses available in the neighbourhoods. The houses in Dar es Salaam in addition of being characterised by those two aspects water was also missing in many of them. Three factors accounted for the situation of poor condition of rented houses in the surveyed areas of Dar es Salaam and Urban Mbeya. First, the inability of government agencies responsible for issuing security of tenure to landlords on rented properties. Secondly, the problem of inadequate finance existed to the side of the landlords, a situation attributed to an erosion of their incomes. And thirdly, bureaucracy exercised by some of TANESCO officials.
SAPs had never acted as a force that made incomes of the landlords to be eroded. Instead the programmes created various opportunities for the landlords and tenants to tap them in order to generate incomes that could be used as financial resources for improving and building housing respectively. The opportunities facilitated by SAPs were skills development, micro finance enterprises/organisations development and development of pro-poverty reduction strategies. It was found that many households however never benefited from the opportunities created by the programmes due to factors like unreliable market, stiff conditions of loans imposed by the micro finance enterprises, lack of loan management skills existed among the households, lack of awareness among the households on the existence of micro finance enterprises in the neighbourhoods and failure of the pro-poverty reduction strategies to trickle down to the households.
Changes and Continuities in Local Articulations of Life, Illness and Healing in Rural Africa: A Case Study of the Iraqw of North-Central Tanzania
Authors: Lawi Yusufu 
Published: January 2024

This article explores the ways in which rural communities in Tanzania perceived and articulated human life, illness, and death in the distant past, and the manner and extent to which such perceptions have changed in recent times. It uses a case study of the Iraqw ethnic community in the Mbulu-Hanang’ area to discern the manner in which rural people in the late pre-colonial and early colonial periods understood and elaborated on life in general, illness types and causality, and how healing comes about. Towards the end a brief analysis is made of the manner in which these traditional perceptions have been changing in recent years. The article concludes that the late 19th century Iraqw perceptions of life, illness, and death were based on a mix of rational and mystic ideas, which were themselves closely bound with concrete social relations obtaining in the community, and that the recent partial transformations in such perceptions are motivated by continuing changes in the local cultural context. A brief statement on the practical significance of these conclusions closes the discussion.
Pengaruh Struktur Modal Dan Ukuran Perusahaan Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan Pada Perusahaan Sektor Energi Di Indonesia
Authors: Melisa Nanda , Oktavianti Santi , Haqiqi Teuku Muhammad , Zainal Rabin Ibnu , Firmansyah Firmansyah 
Published: January 2024

The energy company is a sector company that sells products and services related to energy extraction which includes non-renewable energy so that revenue is directly affected by world energy commodity prices such as oil mining, natural gas, coal. The purpose of this study is to determine whether the capital structure of firm size has an effect on firm value. The analytical method used is panel data regression through eviews 12. With this research the researcher used a purposive sampling data collection technique. Purposive sampling is a sampling technique with a certain determination, with a total population of 37 energy sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange 2019-2022, and based on predetermined criteria, a sample of 30 companies from the energy sector in 2019-2022 was obtained. The results showed that the variable capital structure (DER) has a negative effect on firm value, while company size (SIZE) has a positive effect on firm value. Simultaneously capital structure and company size affect company value in Energy sector companies listed on the IDX in 2019-2022. The ability of the independent variables to simultaneously explain the dependent variable can be said to be included in the level of a strong relationship and this research model is good.
OXTR Gene Polymorphisms and Event-Related Potentials in Humans: A Systematic Review
Authors: Armando León-Rodríguez Diego , Becerra Julian , Carlos Caicedo Mera Juan , Fernando Cardenas Luis , Martínez Cotrina Jorge , Mauricio Aponte Canencio Diego 
Published: January 2024

Oxytocin receptor (OXTR) gene polymorphisms have been consistently associated with humans’ differences in sensitivity to social cues, social cognition, stress response, and brain activity. However, how social and affective neural processing differs across carriers of distinct OXTR gene polymorphisms remains unclear. This systematic PRISMA review is the first to examine the experimental literature on the relationship between OXTR polymorphisms and ERP components. Eight studies published between 2014 and 2019 were included. The rs53576 was the only OXTR gene polymorphism analyzed in all studies. The OXTR genetic variation explained significant changes in N1, P2, N2, P3, and late positive potential (LPP) components during social perception and empathy for pain tasks. OXTR genotypes were not related to P1, N170, N3, or any neural activity after 600 ms. The discussion is focused on the influence of OXTR genetics on neural processing, the development of brain neural networks implicated in social and emotional skills, cultural neuroscience of the oxytocinergic system, and methodological issues of this field. In conclusion, the evidence supports the hypothesis that genetic variations of the OXTR significantly influence neural activity related to emotional and social processing, except for the early phases of face recognition.
Identifikasi Kecerdasan Interpersonal Anak Usia 5-6 Tahun di TK Al-Muttaqin
Authors: Pratiwi Oppy Anggun , Syafrudin Ulwan , Oktaria Renti 
Published: January 2024

<p>The purpose of this study was to measure the development of interpersonal intelligence in children aged 5-6 years at Al Muttaqin Kindergarten, Baradatu District, Way Kanan Regency. This research is motivated by the existence of children's behavior that has not led to the interpersonal intelligence of children at the age of 5-6 years. This research is a type of research with a quantitative descriptive approach. The subjects of this study were 22 children in Group B of Al-Muttaqin Kindergarten, Baradatu District, Way Kanan Regency. The object of this research is interpersonal intelligence. Data collection techniques used are observation and documentation. The research instrument was in the form of an observation sheet (checklist). The results of this study are that the interpersonal intelligence of children aged 5-6 years in Al-Muttaqin Kindergarten, Baradatu District, Way Kanan Regency is included in the good criteria. The development of children's interpersonal intelligence can be influenced by several factors, including the stimulation given to children, differences in individual characteristics, and the environment that influences differences in individual behavior. </p>
Roadside PM2.5 concentrations measured with low-cost sensors and student science in Arba Minch, Ethiopia
Authors: Dingemanse Johannes Dirk , Tadele Mekdes Dawit , Tadesse Tewodros Zerihun 
Published: January 2024

Exposure to PM2.5 poses one of the biggest health threats, with traffic and biomass burning as dominant sources in urban areas of low-income countries. In Ethiopia, the combination of these two sources suggests a high roadside exposure. Because of a lack of resources for data collection, only few studies were conducted on roadside exposure in Ethiopia. Using low-cost sensors and student science could partially remedy this lack of resources. Students collected PM2.5 data in Arba Minch at four stationary locations and inside two public transport tricycles during a period of six weeks with self-made low-cost sensors. Data was analyzed to gain insight into concentration levels, temporal variation, spatial variation, and difference between next to the road and on-road concentrations. Average concentrations ranged from 13-36 µg/m3. Concentrations were highest during morning hours (42 ± 12 for hours 6:00-10:00, versus 20 ± 1 and 32 ± 4 for 10:00-17:00 and 17:00-21:00, respectively), and concentrations were highest at the local bus station (36.2 µg/m3). On-road concentrations showed the highest variation and were on average higher than concentrations next to the road (33 ± 25 and 30 ± 22 µg/m3 versus 23.3 ± 18 and 22.6 ± 18 µg/m3). On a daily average level, concentrations at different locations showed a high correlation (R2 0.8-0.95) amongst each other. This suggests the possibility to interpolate concentrations from one location to other locations. Moreover, the PM2.5 concentrations exceeded air quality guidelines. In Ethiopia, more than ten cities have higher populations and traffic flows than Arba Minch. In those cities, similar or higher exceedances are expected. With this study as an example, other universities could likewise conduct research with low-cost sensors and student science in their cities. Cooperation across course instructors and universities in applying these methods will increase the insight in PM2.5 exposure in Ethiopian cities.
Keywords: ambient air pollution; traffic; Sensirion SPS30; student measurements; Particulate Matter
Evaluación de las operaciones logísticas para la empresa Servientrega de la ciudad del Tena
Authors: Villacis Betancourt Cristhian Andrés , Moreno Ayala Jessica Fernanda , Sashqui Guaypacha Hugo Eduardo , Heredia Barreno Paola Alexandra 
Published: January 2024

El objetivo de este estudio fue mejorar los procesos logísticos en Servientrega en Tena mediante la identificación de estrategias y la creación de indicadores logísticos. Se utilizó un enfoque mixto, combinando métodos cuantitativos y cualitativos, incluyendo encuestas, entrevistas y fichas de observación. La investigación, de carácter no experimental y transversal, se realizó de abril a agosto de 2023, recopilando datos bibliográficos y de campo. La población de estudio incluyó a 8 empleados y 60.281 clientes, con una muestra de 383 personas. Todos los colaboradores coincidieron en la necesidad de un plan logístico para optimizar operaciones. Las entrevistas revelaron problemas en los tiempos de entrega, y las observaciones mostraron deficiencias en el almacenamiento y manejo de mercancías.
Palabras clave: Procesos logísticos, indicadores, estrategias logísticas, plan logístico, productividad.
Modelagem de nicho ecológico do gênero Utetheisa (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) em área de plantio no Brasil
Authors: Walfredo da Conceição Ana Carla , Teston Jose Augusto 
Published: January 2024

Utetheisa é um gênero de mariposa que possui distribuição mundial, em seu período larval são desfolhadoras de plantas cultivadas. O conhecimento da ocorrência e seu método de distribuição em áreas de plantio, onde estão inseridas, é considerado de grande importância para o entendimento da biodiversidade desses ecossistemas cada vez mais comuns no Brasil. Investigamos a ocorrência das espécies de Utetheisa em áreas de plantio, inseridas em diversos domínios fitogeográficos do território brasileiro, para entender a distribuição potencial das espécies que ocorrem no Brasil, bem como conhecer as condições ideais para seu estabelecimento e propagação. Para isso foi utilizado o algoritmo maxent para modelar o nicho ecológico e a distribuição potencial de Utetheisa ornatrix (Linnaeus, 1758) e Utetheisa pulchella (Linnaeus, 1758). Identificamos que a abundância do gênero no levantamento amostral foi de 10.442 (N), U. ornatrix com 10.299 (N) e U. pulchella com 143(N), em relação aos pontos de ocorrência no total foram obtidos 147 para aplicação na modelagem de nicho ecológico 133 para U. ornatrix e 17 para U. pulchella, sendo que três pontos amostrais, das coletas sistematizadas, de U. ornatrix se repetiram para U. pulchella. As variáveis com maior influência na distribuição de U. ornatrix foi a temperatura máxima do mês mais quente para e, para U. pulchella foi a precipitação do trimestre mais frio.
Análisis de los atributos químicos de poblaciones de maíz criollo
Authors: Oviedo-Campos Ezequiel , Ruiz-Torres Norma Angélica , López-González Juan José , Burciaga-Dávila Hilda Cecilia 
Published: January 2024

El manejo agronómico y condiciones ambientales específicas donde se producen los granos interfieren con el contenido de nutrientes. En este estudio se evaluó la calidad química de 90 poblaciones de maíz criollo, colectadas en 23 municipios en el estado de Coahuila en 2008. Se determinó contenido de proteína, almidón, aceite y fenoles libres. El contenido de fenoles libres presentó un rango de 4.46 en las colec tas de Sacramento a 9.48% en las de Candela. El contenido de proteína varió de 9.12 a 12.66% en las colectas de Ocampo y Juárez, respec tivamente, con un valor medio de 10.04%. Las colectas de Zaragoza mostraron el más alto contenido de aceite (5.46%), la media de las colectas fue de 4.83%. Las colectas de Juárez presentaron 80.66% de almidón, que es el componente que se encuentra en mayor propor ción, mientras que las colectas de Candela sólo alcanzaron 62.50. Los resultados indican que las colectas del municipio de Juárez presentan mayor calidad química en contenido de proteína y almidón, del mismo modo un alto contenido de aceites (5.28%). Las colectas del municipio de Ocampo fueron las más pobres en contenido de proteína (9.12%) y de aceite con 4.31%, que apenas supera a las colectas de Frontera, que obtuvieron el contenido más bajo de todas las colectas con 4.12%. La calidad química de la semilla está determinada por la composición genética de cada material, los ambientes de colecta y por las condiciones de manejo agronómico.
Detección de Fusarium verticillioides en genotipos de maíz y su biocontrol in vitro con especies de Trichoderma
Authors: Castro-del Ángel Epifanio , Sánchez-Arizpe Abiel , Galindo-Cepeda María Elizabeth , Vázquez-Badillo Mario Ernesto 
Published: January 2024

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la incidencia de F. verticillioides en cuatro genotipos de maíz y la evaluación de cepas de Trichoderma como biocontrol bajo condiciones de laboratorio, 400 semillas asintomáticas tomadas al azar se desinfectaron por inmersión en solución de hipoclorito de sodio al 1% por 3 min y se sembraron en medio de cultivo verde de malaquita agar, se incubaron a 28 ± 2 ºC por dos semanas. Se utilizó un diseño completamente al azar para la distribución del experimento, con cuatro repeticiones para cada genotipo (100 semillas por repetición). Se determinó la incidencia de F. ver ticillioides, mediante el conteo de los granos que habían sido colonizados por el hongo, expresándose en términos de porcentaje, también se evaluaron Trichoderma longibrachiatum T1 40, T. asperellum T11, T. harzianum T1 4 en cultivos duales contra el patógeno, obteniendo los siguientes resultados para cada caso; se detectó la presencia de F. verticillioides en los cuatro genotipos de maíz con diferentes niveles de incidencia (p<0.01), el material criollo mostró la incidencia más alta con 86.03%, seguido por H520 79.75%, mestizo 75.5% y UAAAN ISP-173 con 72.07%. Se obtuvo un 35.69% de inhibición para T. longi brachiatum T1 40, mientras que para T. asperellum T11, 32.68% y T. harzianum T1 4, 32.61%. Los resultados muestran que las tres cepas de Trichoderma inhibieron el desarrollo del patógeno haciendo con tacto a los dos y tres días, respectivamente.
Caracterización física y fisiológica de poblaciones criollas de maíz bajo dos sistemas de producción
Authors: Sánchez Pérez Bey Enrique , Ruiz Torres Norma Angélica , Rincón Sánchez Froylán , Burciaga Dávila Hilda Cecilia 
Published: January 2024

Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron: caracterizar poblaciones hembra (desespigadas) y poblaciones macho de maíz criollo mejorado, en base a atributos físicos y fisiológicos; así como determinar los cambios ocurridos en las poblaciones por efecto del sistema de producción. La investigación constó de dos estudios: I) Caracterización física de la mazorca; y II) Determinación de la calidad fisiológica en semilla de ambas poblaciones. En el estudio 1 se encontraron diferencias significativas (P<0.05) entre poblaciones para diámetro de mazorca (DMA) y altamente significativas (P<0.01) para Peso de mil semillas (PMS) y longitud de mazorca (LMZ); la población macho mostró mayor peso y tamaño. En el estudio II, se obtuvieron diferencias altamente significativas (P<0.01) entre poblaciones para vigor (V), peso seco de plúmula (PSP), peso seco de radícula (PSR), longitud media de plúmula (LMP) y longitud media de radícula (LMR). La población macho superó a la población hembra, mostrando mejor expresión en las variables mencionadas. Se concluye que la población macho superó a la población hembra en atributos de calidad física y fisiológica, debido principalmente a cambios en el metabolismo de la planta, resultado del desespigue manual aplicado en campo. La población macho mostró semilla de mayor peso, mayor tamaño de mazorca y en cuanto a la calidad de la semilla, superó en vigor a la población hembra.
Una implementación de orden cuadrático del algoritmo de innovaciones en series de tiempo
Authors: Martínez Martínez Nadia Yadhira 
Published: January 2024

Este trabajo trata sobre el problema de pronóstico para una serie de tiempo estacionaria. El principal resultado es la formulación de un método de orden cuadrático para implementar el algoritmo de innovaciones, cuya codificación usual tiene orden cúbico. El procedimiento propuesto combina el esquema recursivo de Durbin Levinson, con un teorema de transformación de representaciones para un pronóstico. A Second Order Implementation for the Innovations Algorithm in Time Series Analysis
Орта мектептегі стереометриялық есептерді шешуде векторлық-координаталық әдісін пайдаланудың тиімділігі туралы
Authors: Амирхан Кибар 
Published: January 2024

Оқушылардың математикалық дайындық деңгейін арттыру мақсатында мектеп геометрия сабақтарында пәнді жақсы меңгеру және математика пәнінен емтихан тапсыруға сапалы дайындықты қамтамасыз ету мәселесіне ерекше назар аудару керек. Мақалада көптеген геометриялық есептерді шешудің негізгі әдісі болып табылатын векторлық-координаталық әдіс қарастырылады. Әсіресе метрикалық сипаттағы геометриялық есептер. Бұл әдістер геометриялық есепті алгебралық есепке келтіреді. Векторлық әдісті нақты жағдайларда қолдану: геометриялық тілді векторлық тілге және керісінше аудару; векторлармен амалдарды орындау; векторды сан мен вектордың көбейтіндісі, векторлардың қосындысы мен айырымы түрінде жазу; векторлар арасындағы бұрыштың шамасын скаляр көбейтінді арқылы өрнектеу және т.б. дағдыларды меңгеруді талап етеді. Векторлық-координаталық әдіс интуицияны, болжамды, қосымша салуларды қажет етпейді: есептерді шешу алгоритмделген, бұл көп жағдайда есепті шешуді жеңілдетеді. Векторлық-координаталық әдісті Ұлттық бірыңғай тестілеу есептерін шығаруда қолданудың тиімділігі – оқушыларға күрделі есептерді шектеулі уақытта шығару. Жалпы орта білім беру деңгейінде бірқатар стереометриялық есептерді шешу мысалында векторлық-координаталық әдісті қолданудың артықшылықтары көрсетілген. Мақаланың мазмұны жоғары оқу орындарының оқытушыларына, мектеп мұғалімдеріне, жоғары сынып оқушыларына қызығушылық тудыратыны сөзсіз.
Risk Factors of Blood Transfusion during Caesarean Delivery in Rural Area of Sindh
Authors: Muhammad Rahim Bhurgri  , Mehtab Rahim  , Noman Ali Bagrani  , Fareed Ahmed Bhurgri  , Zain-ul-Arfeen Khan  
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Hemorrhage is a leading cause of maternal deaths; particularly in developing countries. Bleeding in pregnant ladies is an indication of blood transfusion with all its attended risk.
Objective: This study was conducted to identify the factors necessitate blood transfusion during cesarean section.
Methodology: A total number of 2855 of pregnant women scheduled for emergency cesarean section or elective cesarean section at Bhurgri Hospital, rural area of Sindh, between July 2014 and December 2017. Participant were followed from the date of admission to the date of discharge and then for two weeks. Preoperative Hb level and the need for blood transfusion, clinical experience of obstetrician, indication for caesarean section, primary or repeat caesarean section and status of HBsAg/HCV were assessed.
Results: A total of the numbers of 4823 patients had deliveries from July-2014 to Dec-2017.Among them, 2855 patients underwent cesarean delivery, the ratio of cesarean section was recorded as 59.19%. All pregnant women who underwent cesarean delivery selected for our study. The mean age of the women who had surgery was 26 years.
Conclusion: Preoperative anemia, increasing parity, severe blood loss at surgery and status of HBs/HCV significantly contributes to require for blood transfusion in pregnant women undergoing a surgery (cesarean section).
Keywords: Caesarean section, Blood product transfusion, Risk factors, Anemia, HBs, HCV.
Seroprevalence of Hepatitis-B virus and Hepatitis-C virus in pregnant women in Hyderabad.
Authors: Afsheen Qazi  , Bhawani Shanker  , Rajesh Rathi  , Narindar Kumar  
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Infections of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and the hepatitis C virus (HCV) are major global public health problem. Approximately 350 million and 190 million people worldwide are infected with HBV and HCV respectively.
Objective: To evaluate seroprevalence of hepatitis B and C among pregnant women of Hyderabad.
Methodology: This prospective cross sectional study conducted at Pathology department of a tertiary care hospital of Hyderabad during Jan 2019 to July 2019. During period of study data of 500 pregnant women recorded on pre structured proforma after taking informed consent. Causes of hepatitis other than B or C virus were excluded. Status of HCV and HBV was confirmed using Elisa method.
Results: showed 7% seropositivity for HCV and 4.2% for HBV among pregnant women.
Conclusion: Among pregnant females, in Hyderabad there is a higher seropositivity of anti HCV antibodies as compared to HBsAg. Both seropositivity to HBV and HCV was found to be more prevalent in the 30-39 year age group.
Keywords: Pregnant women, Hyderabad, Seroprevalence HCV, Seroprevalence HBV.
Heterotopic pregnancy: A case Report.
Authors: Qamar-un-Nisa  , Hemlata Maheshwari  , Asma Jabeen  
Published: January 2024

Heterotopic pregnancy (HP) is a rare phenomenon. It is defined as simultaneous presence of intrauterine and extrauterine pregnancy. A case of HP is discussed. A young patient presented initially with two months amenorrhea and lower abdominal pain. Initial ultrasound showed only 6 weeks intrauterine pregnancy. But, due to increasing severity of pain ultrasound was repeated showing heterotopic pregnancy, which was later confirmed by histopathology.
Keywords: Tubal pregnancy, Ectopic pregnancy, Heterotopic pregnancy .