bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive Investigation of the Influence of High-Altitude Hypoxia on
Clopidogrel Metabolism and Gut Microbiota
Authors: Zhang Juanhong , Sun Yuemei , He Jiaxin , Wu Guofan , Wang Rong , Zhang Junmin 
Published: October 2023

Background:
The amount of metabolites converted into active metabolites is correspondingly reduced
since only more than 50% of clopidogrel is absorbed.

Objective:
Exploring the effect of gut microbiota altered by altitude hypoxia on the pre-absorption metabolism of
clopidogrel.

Methods:
In vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to analyze the metabolism of clopidogrel through LCMS/
MS, while 16S rRNA analysis was used to investigate the changes in the gut microbiota of high-altitude animals.

Results:
We demonstrated that the intestinal flora is involved in the metabolism of clopidogrel through in vivo and
in vitro experiments. In addition, the plateau environment caused changes in the number and composition of intestinal
microbes. Intriguingly, alterations in the microbial population could lead to an increase in the pre-absorption
metabolism of clopidogrel after rapid entry into the plateau, the amount of absorbed blood is thus reduced, which
may affect the bioavailability and therapeutic effect of clopidogrel.

Conclusion:
Our results not only as a first clinical reference for dose adjustment of clopidogrel in high-altitude
environments but also would be helpful to provide a statement on the broader significance within the field of
pharmacokinetics or personalized medicine.
Ultrasound-Assisted Catalyst-Free Knoevenagel Condensation of Carbonyl
Compounds with C – H Acids in Water
Authors: Brahmachari Goutam , Karmakar Indrajit , Mandal Mullicka , Mandal Bhagirath 
Published: October 2023

Abstract:
An ultrasound-assisted catalyst-free green protocol has been developed for the synthesis
of a series of diversely substituted Knoevenagel condensation products from the reaction between
functionalized aromatic aldehydes/isatin derivatives and substituted malononitriles as the C-H acids
in water at ambient conditions. The method is simple, straightforward, and highly efficient. The major
advantages of this newly developed protocol are expedient catalyst-free synthesis, good to excellent
yields, energy efficiency, use of water as reaction medium, easy isolation of products, no need
for column chromatographic purification, eco-friendliness, and operational simplicity.
Modulation of the Immune System Mechanisms using Probiotic Bacteria in Allergic Diseases: Focus on Allergic Retinitis and Food Allergies
Authors: Forouhandeh Haleh , Soofiyani Saiedeh Razi , Hosseini Kamran , Minaei Beirami Sohrab , Ahangari Hossein , Moammer Yusif , Ebrahimzadeh Sara , Kashef Nejad Masoomeh , Farjami Afsaneh , Khodaiefar Fariba , Tarhriz Vahideh 
Published: October 2023

Abstract:Allergic illnesses occur when an organism's immune system is excessively responsive to certain antigens, such as those that are presented in the environment. Some people suffer from a wide range of immune system-related illnesses including allergic rhinitis, asthma, food allergies, hay fever, and even anaphylaxis. Immunotherapy and medications are frequently used to treat allergic disorders. The use of probiotics in bacteriotherapy has lately gained interest. Probiotics are essential to human health by modulating the gut microbiota in some ways. Due to probiotics' immunomodulatory properties present in the gut microbiota of all animals, including humans, these bacterial strains can prevent a wide variety of allergic disorders. Probiotic treatment helps allergy patients by decreasing inflammatory cytokines and enhancing intestinal permeability, which is important in the battle against allergy. By altering the balance of Th1 and Th2 immune responses in the intestinal mucosa, probiotics can heal allergic disorders. Numerous studies have shown a correlation between probiotics and a reduced risk of allergy disorders. A wide range of allergic disorders, including atopic dermatitis, asthma, allergic retinitis and food allergies has been proven to benefit from probiotic bacteria. Therefore, the use of probiotics in the treatment of allergic diseases offers a promising perspective. Considering that probiotic intervention in the treatment of diseases is a relatively new field of study, more studies in this regard seem necessary
Teaching genesis of old Turkic alphabet and its connection with Turkic tribe Tamgas
Authors: Sadibekov Аskat К. , Baiymbetova Raushan K. , Myrzakhanova Akbota К. , Yergubekova Zh.S. , Abilova G. , Sadykova A.D. 
Published: October 2023

Old Turkic inscription with 2500-years history from the beginning of the 5-4th century A.D., it has been proven that archaeologists have come to prove that European Rune has reached the Turkic steppe. Every nation in the world has its genealogy, peculiarities and viewpoints. Each nation has its own language, customs, thinking system and value. It is common today that the Old Turkic language, which has been around for 300 years, has a great deal of social studies. The main aim of this paper is that the history of old Turkic inscriptions was formed 4-5th centuries before the European Rune inscription, and that this subject should still be studied in depth. The purpose of this study is to lay the foundation for Turkologists by training future philologists, and to open the way for a more in-depth study of our vision in the future. In recent years, the discovery of many exhibits in the territory inhabited by nomads can serve as an occasion to change the content of the prediction. This paper presents the thought that old Turkic scripts inherent to them. This idea is based on the opinions of famous scientists, based on the symbols of the Old Turkic tribes. This article focuses on scientific research from current scientists. The new data presented during the training of future philologists regarding the genesis of the ancient Turkic script will be analyzed.
Analysis of the needs of teachers of SMAN 3 Sidoardjo in the creation and use of learning media
Authors: Nenohai Jacky Anggara , Rokhim Deni Ainur , Minata Zelen Surya , Agustina Nur Indah , Islamiyah Kafita Krisnatul , Ronggopuro Burhanuddin , Habiddin Habiddin , Peni Ristiwi , Wahyudi Bambang , Wahyudi Asnan 
Published: October 2023

This study aims to analyze the needs of teachers of SMAN 3 Sidoardjo in the creation and use of learning media in the teaching and learning process. The research method used is descriptive qualitative by taking data through a Google form-based questionnaire filled out online. The subjects of the study were 51 teachers of SMAN 3 Sidoardjo. The results of the survey based on questionnaire data obtained showed that the learning media used by the teachers of SMAN 3 Sidoardjo in the teaching process was made by as much as 72.5% and 27.5% were not made by themselves, so the media was obtained from Youtube, Google, and colleagues. The media created by several teachers has obstacles, namely mastery of IT (editing and programming languages), a long time in the development process, and its use has not adjusted to the characteristics of students and unites several media and materials in one platform such as Learning Management System. Therefore, teachers need training and direct assistance in making intensive and simple learning media without using programming languages, flexible time, and accessible anywhere and anytime. Website-based media to accommodate all the material and learning resources taught so that students can easily use the press and improve their understanding of the material and the quality of learning So that teachers and students can adjust the scope and face problems in the learning process by the demands of the times.
Liver structure and fibrosis markers in modeling alcohol-induced liver injury and correction of detected disorders
Authors: Didenko V.I. , Klenina I.A. , Hrabovska O.I. , Gaidar Yu.A. , Halinskyi O.O. , Karachynova V.A. , Mylostуva D.F. 
Published: October 2023

Background. Chronic alcohol use leads to alcoholic liver fibrosis. Today, a sufficient number of scientific studies are focused on the pathometabolic mechanisms of liver fibrosis development and formation in animal models. The purpose of our study was to investigate structural changes and liver stiffness, biochemical markers of fibrosis in rats with chronic alcoholic liver injury (CALI) modeling and to evaluate the changes of these parame­ters with different types of treatment. Materials and methods. Eighty-nine rats were divided into experimental groups depending on the duration of alcohol exposure (4 and 12 weeks) and the corresponding type of correction (metadoxine and prebiotic). Results. When modeling CALI at week 4, morphological studies revealed moderate large-droplet fatty hepatosis and mild fibrosis in the central venule of the liver lobes. After 12 weeks of forced alcoholization, with more pronounced general intoxication, hepatocytes have dystrophic changes such as appearance of single or grouped dystrophic cells in the parenchyma. A combination of protein and fatty dystrophy was more common. Elastography allowed to detect structural changes in the liver at the early stages of fibrosis formation when modeling CALI for 12 weeks. There were also changes in the levels of biochemical parameters: free and protein-bound hydroxyproline, glycosaminoglycans. According to the results of elastography, liver stiffness in rats increased maximally after prebiotic correction in all approaches compared to the controls. After correction of CALI, both early- and long-term, fibrosis markers normalized in rat liver homogenate after administration of metadoxine and prebiotic. After prebiotic correction at week 12 of alcoholization, we observed a 12% decrease in liver parenchymal stiffness in the CALI modeling group and a 19% decrease (p < 0.05) in the placebo group. After correction with metadoxine, there was a 1.5-fold increase in free hydroxyproline levels in rat liver homogenate at week 12 and a 1.2-fold increase in glycosaminoglycans (p < 0.05) at week 4 compared to the CALI modeling group. Conclusions. Long-term alcoholization of animals led to the development of dystrophic changes in hepatocytes, protein and fatty degeneration, and an increase in the number of capillaries. Against this background, liver stiffness and biochemical parameters changed. After correction with metadoxine and prebiotic, changes in the liver stiffness and fibrosis markers were observed at week 12 of CALI modeling.
The value of osteopontin in predicting fibrosis in patients with chronic viral hepatitis C
Authors: Sheiko A.G. , Yurko K.V. 
Published: October 2023

Background. Diagnosis of an asymptomatic course of chronic viral hepatitis C (HCV) and the existing development of the fibrotic process by determining the marker capabilities of biochemical blood parameters (primarily osteopontin — OP) is an urgent issue in modern medicine. Purpose: to evaluate the prognostic value of biochemical blood markers for diagnosing an asymptoma­tic course of HCV and the existing fibrotic process. Materials and me­thods. Seventy-eight people were examined: 47 from the main group — 19 (40.4 %) women and 28 (59.6 %) men with chronic HCV, and 31 controls — 17 (54.8 %) women and 14 (45.2 %) men without chronic HCV. The median, as well as 25.0% and 75.0% quartiles and relative values were calculated for quantitative and qualitative measures, respectively. Predictors were determined using logistic regression analysis. Results. The data obtained by a univariate analysis indicate a significantly increased risk of develo­ping liver fibrosis on the background of chronic HCV, with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels increased by 1.037 times, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) by 1.051 times, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) by 1.017 times; thymol turbidity test by 1.424 times; total protein by 1.162 times and OP by 3.002 times. With increased levels of triglycerides and very low-density lipoproteins, a significant decrease in these risks was found, by 74.7 and 94.7 %, respectively. A multivariate analysis found significantly increased risks of deve­loping liver fibrosis on the background of chronic HCV, with higher levels of AST, total protein, and OP (by 1.028, 1.195 and 2.510 times, respectively). Conclusions. With a significant liver damage by a fibrotic process (stage 3–4), as compared to stage 0–2, there is a probable predominance of biochemical liver markers in the blood of patients with HCV: ALT, AST, GGT, total protein and OP. AST, total protein, and OP were identified as reliable predictors of liver fibrosis. The developed mathematical model has high sensitivity and specificity: 87.5 and 83.9 %, respectively.
Utilization of Steepest Ascent and Box-Behnken Design for Determination of Gadolinium in Acetonitrile by Differential Pulse Voltammetry
Authors: Wyantuti Santhy , Pratomo Uji , Hartati Yeni Wahyuni , Shafira Amelia , Hardianto Ari , Bahti Husein Hernandi 
Published: October 2023

Gadolinium (Gd) is an important material for advanced technology; hence, the development of a sensitive and efficient alternative for the Gd-detection method to reduce the dependency on complicated and expensive methods has been massively investigated. Furthermore, the combination of differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and the experimental design to detect Gd provides a simple, effective, and efficient method. In this study, the Steepest Ascent and Box-Behnken designs were chosen to determine the maximum voltammetry responses. The optimum conditions used for this study showed an amplitude modulation of 0.0884 V, potential deposition of 1.4382 V, and deposition time was 60.3615 s with the obtained recovery value, accuracy, and precision values being 98.37, 95.91, and 5.12% in relative standard deviation (RSD), respectively. Meanwhile, the detection and quantization limit values are 3.46 and 11.53 mg/L, respectively. Under optimum conditions, the presence of Gd in acetonitrile is determined in a mixture with Eu and Sm. Based on the results, the DPV method is capable of determining the presence of Gd in acetonitrile.
Application of <i>Nannochloris</i> sp. for Landfill Leachate Biotreatment and Lipids Production
Authors: Baldiris-Navarro Ildefonso , Sanchez Jorge , Virviescas Martha Torres , Realpe-Jimenez Alvaro , Fajardo-Cuadro Juan 
Published: October 2023

The sparse treatment of highly toxic leachates produced in landfills due to the excessive generation of urban solid waste is a common problem worldwide. For this reason, this research aims to show the convenience of the use of algal biotechnology in leachate bioremediation processes. Nannochloris sp. species was used in this research. It was isolated and cultured for bioassays. The leachate was diluted to 5 and 10% in the microalgae cultures during a period of 8 d in which the growth of the species. Then removal of nutrients (phosphate and nitrate) and the production of lipids by the microalgae were measured. Nannochloris sp. removed more than 70% of the phosphates and 60% of the nitrates from samples. This result shows the benefits of using these microalgae to treat landfill leachate at low cost and also with the potential to obtain bio-lipids that may be useful for biodiesel production.
Facile Production of Biodiesel from Candlenut Oil (<i>Aleurites moluccana</i> L.) Using Photocatalytic Method by Nano Sized-ZnO Photocatalytic Agent Synthesized via Polyol Method
Authors: Juwono Hendro , Zakiyah Anisun , Subagyo Riki , Kusumawati Yuly 
Published: October 2023

Biodiesel production from non-edible oil is an alternative way to reduce edible oil dependency and reduce the competition for feed and food. Candlenut oil (Aleurites moluccana L.) is one of the non-edible oils which can be used as feedstock for biodiesel production since they have a high oil content. Herein, the biodiesel production from candlenut oil has been conducted using zinc oxide (ZnO) synthesized by the polyol method. Polyol methods facilitated the formation of ZnO nanoparticles with various shapes, including spherical, rod, and hexagonal. Besides, ZnO showed a mesoporous characteristic, facilitating the conversion of fat fatty acid to fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) of 61%. Increasing ZnO dosage led to enhancing the FAME yield. Similarly, the FAME yield was also improved by increasing the reaction time. The results of esterification of candlenut oil and methanol yielded 70.76% FAME with 2% nano-ZnO polyol catalyst at 180 min reaction time at room temperature whilst being stirred constantly at 400 rpm. A good FAME conversion using ZnO at room temperature provides good information to produce biodiesel with a simple method. Apart from that, photocatalytic promoted transesterification at room temperature, which is beneficial for reducing energy consumption.
Synthesis and Characterization of Zn(II), Cu(II), and Ni(II)-Levofloxacin Complexes for Carbon Dioxide Storage Media
Authors: Adil Hadeel , Thamer Hamsa , Ahmed Dina Saadi , Alsayed Raghda , Bufaroosha Muna , Zainulabdeen Khalid , Hashim Hassan , Mohammed Alaa , Yousif Emad 
Published: October 2023

Three complexes ([CuL2(H2O)2], [NiL2(H2O)2], and [ZnL2Cl2]) have been synthesized through the reaction of metal salts and levofloxacin and characterized by spectrophotometers. The morphology of the complexes was investigated using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The physicochemical properties of these complexes were evaluated using the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) techniques. Furthermore, the storage capacity of these complexes was verified using the H-sorb 2600 analyzer at a temperature of 323 K and varying pressure conditions. The obtained data substantiates that the synthesized complexes exhibit favorable attributes for CO2 absorption. The surface area reaches 24.97 m2/g with capacities of 123.073 m3/g and 34.400 m3/g to adsorb CO2. The escalating levels of CO2 in the atmosphere, primarily resulting from the combustion of fossil fuels to meet the surging energy requirements, pose a pressing environmental challenge. Consequently, there has been a surge in research focused on the development of novel materials aimed at facilitating CO2 storage.
Fluid Intake and Hydration among Children
Authors: Saftarina Fitria , Fauziah Milatul 
Published: October 2023

Children birth a greater chance of desiccation than adults. As many as 22% of children in Indonesia calm do not drink plenty. As a resolution of many studies, children came to school with a shortage in hydration prominence. Objectives: The purpose of this study are describe fluid intake and hydration state among children at elementary school in Lampung. Methods: Design of this study used analytical observational study. The sampel was 69 children, with total sampling technique. The study was conducted from Sept 2019 to Jan 2020, at primary school in Bandar Lampung. Fluid intake was obtained from the Beverage Uptake Questionaire and hydration state was obtained from urine specific gravity. Results: The result of study, a total 48 children (69,6) had good fluid intake, 47 children (68,1%) drinking water more than 3 times a day but 42 children (60.9%) had clinical dehydration. Conclusion: Further research is needed to measure adequacy of fluid intake with other methods and instruments.
Impact of Corona Virus Disease-19 Pandemic on Co-Assistant Mental Health
Authors: Ayu Mayang Sari , Ramadhani Mayasari 
Published: October 2023

Background: The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has an impact on the physical and mental health of individuals and all of society. During the COVID pandemic, all social and physical activities of each individual are limited. Physical-social distancing or physical restrictions have an impact on mental health and psychological problems. This anxiety is also experienced by medical students as Co-Assistants (young doctors) during their education in hospitals. Objectives: This study aimed to discuss matters related to the impact of the COVID-19 on medical students’ mental health during the pandemic. Method: This cross-sectional study used the Self-Reporting Questionnaire-20. Mental health problems of college students during the pandemic were assessed and analyzed for their level of anxiety. This study involved 69 medical students as Co-Assistants (young doctors) in the professional study program using purposive sampling technique. Results: The results of the study found that among Co-Assistants who underwent clinical clerkship during the COVID-19 pandemic as much as 44.9% experienced mental health disorders. We also found that the female Co-Assistants were twice as likely to experience mental health problems as male Co-Assistants. The most common type of mental health problem was experiencing symptoms of depression. Conclusion: During the two years of the pandemic, while living the ‘new normal’, Co-Assistants felt the fear of being infected with the lack of personal protective equipment, economic problems for their parents, and facing the challenges of distance education. In comparing the mental health problems of the Co-Assistants, the most common during the COVID-19 pandemic were the symptoms of depression.
“Trabajar de lo que estudié”. Formación normalista y empleo en un contexto transnacional
Authors: Franco-García Martha-Josefina 
Published: October 2023

En la migración transnacional México-Estados Unidos, se percibe la presencia de docentes mexicanos de educación básica. La mayoría se desempeña en actividades que no se relacionan con su perfil profesional, por ello, nos cuestionamos sobre las acciones de política que inciden en la formación normalista en México y las experiencias de docentes inmigrantes que logran ejercer su profesión. Los objetivos son: identificar las condiciones de escolarización en una escuela normal de la Mixteca poblana y conocer los procesos formativos de dos egresadas que intentan trabajar como profesoras en Estados Unidos. Realizamos una investigación cualitativa con revisión documental e historias de vida. Entre los hallazgos identificamos que no existen procesos educativos acreditados para la inserción laboral de docentes mexicanos en Estados Unidos; en la institución de estudio no se producen contenidos educativos para contextos transnacionales, y en las dos historias de vida, la educación permanente aparece como estrategia para acceder a la docencia en el país de arribo.
Peranan Hakim dalam Upaya Pencegahan Perkawinan Anak: Antara Kemaslahatandan Kemudharatan
Authors: Mansari Mansari , Rizkal Rizkal 
Published: October 2023

Hakim Mahkamah Syar’iyah memiliki peranan strategis dalam upaya pencegahan perkawinan anak, karena setiap orangtua yang ingin menikahkan anak di bawah umur harus mendapatkan dispensasi perkawinan dari Mahkamah Syar’iyah. Kajian ini berusaha untuk menganalisis peran dan tantangan yang dihadapi hakim dalam mencegah perkawinan usia anak di Mahkamah Syar’iyah serta pertimbangan dalam menerima maupun menolak dispensasi kawin. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan yuridis empiris dengan tujuan mendeskripsikan peranan hakim mencegah perkawinan anak. Sumber data primer diperoleh melalu wawancara langsung dengan hakim. Data sekunder terdiri dari bahan hukum primer dan bahan hukum sekunder. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hakim memiliki peranan strategis dalam upaya mencegah praktik perkawinan usia anak, hal ini disebabkan setiap perkawinan anak harus memperoleh izin Mahkamah Syar’iyah. Wujud peranan hakim dikonkritkan dengan mendorong orangtua tidak melanjutkan permohonan dispensasi kawin dengan memberikan nasehat-nasehat serta dampak yang muncul pasca perkawinan baik psikologis, mental maupun pendidikan anak. Tantangan yang dihadapi hakim dalam mengadili perkara dispensasi adalah pemahaman masyarakat terhadap bahaya perkawinan anak belum tersosialisasikan dengan baik dan harus menghadirkan saksi yang memadai agar latar belakang keinginan menikah dapat didalami secara komprehensif. Pertimbangan hakim mengabulkan permohonan dispensasi dengan mempertimbangkan aspek kepentingan terbaik bagi anak (the best interest of the child) dan adanya bukti yang menunjukkan bahwa pernikahan suatu hal yang mendesak dilakukan berdasarkan fakta di persidangan.