bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molodensky’s and Helmert’s Theories: Two Equivalent Geodetic Approaches to the Determination of the Gravity Potential and the Earth Surface
Authors: Sansó Fernando , Barzaghi Riccardo , Reguzzoni Mirko 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA fundamental problem of physical geodesy is the determination of the “Surface of the Earth” and its gravitational potential from various types of observations performed on the Earth surfaceSitself or in the outer space. When data are derived from gravimetry onSwe speak of Molodensky’s problem. Since the gravity field depends linearly on its source, i.e. the mass distribution, it follows that we can manipulate the (unknown) internal density in a known way and still return to the same external solution once the effects of the manipulation have been eliminated (restored). This is used, in the frame of Molodensky’s theory, with the Residual Terrain Correction that is removed (and then restored) before approximating the solution by some regularized (collocation or other) approach. Differently, Helmert’s approach shifts the masses of the topographic layer, compressing them to some internal surface and substituting their effects on gravity by that of a single layer. Data are thus lowered to some internal ellipsoid or sphere and a solution is then easily computed. The effects of the internal changes are then inverted and added back to the solution. Despite the apparent completely different approach one can prove that the final solutions, when data are given continuously on the boundary and the errors are made to tend to zero, converge to the true potential on the surfaceSand then in the outer space. So the two solutions are geodetically equivalent and do not create any scientific conflict. Different is what happens insideS, down to the geoid level. Here Helmert’s approach, that introduces the density of the topographic layer as data, is certainly less erroneous in approximating the true potential. Yet due to the imperfect knowledge of the density and even more to the ill-posedness of the downward continuation operator, the internal potential can have large errors, unless the solution is duly regularized and an appropriate tuning is introduced between the regularization parameter and the size of data errors.
The Quasigeoid: Why Molodensky Heights Fail
Authors: Kingdon Robert , Vaníček Petr , Santos Marcelo , Sheng Michael , Foroughi Ismael 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAny height system has two constituents: A reference surface upon which all heights are equal to zero, and a prescription for how observed heights and height differences will be related to that surface. That prescription is typically formulated with reference to Earth’s gravity field, but in this contribution, we will use the concept of metric spaces instead. In most height systems, the height of a point can be interpreted as the length of the 3-dimensional path from a point of interest to the reference surface in a particular metric space. The geometry of the path is that of the space associated with the height system. This submission explores the definition of a height system simply as a metric space and a reference surface, applies it to common height systems used in geodesy (geodetic, orthometric, dynamic, normal), and examines their characteristics through that lens.
Explaining Socio-Demographic and Behavioral Patterns of Vaccination Against the Swine Flu (H1N1) Pandemic
Authors: Punzi Clara , Maslennikova Aleksandra , Gezici Gizem , Pellungrini Roberto , Giannotti Fosca 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPandemic vaccination campaigns must account for vaccine skepticism as an obstacle to overcome. Using machine learning to identify behavioral and psychological patterns in public survey datasets can provide valuable insights and inform vaccination campaigns based on empirical evidence. However, we argue that the adoption of local and global explanation methodologies can provide additional support to health practitioners by suggesting personalized communication strategies and revealing potential demographic, social, or structural barriers to vaccination requiring systemic changes. In this paper, we first implement a chain classification model for the adoption of the vaccine during the H1N1 influenza outbreak taking seasonal vaccination information into account, and then compare it with a binary classifier for vaccination to better understand the overall patterns in the data. Following that, we derive and compare global explanations using post-hoc methodologies and interpretable-by-design models. Our findings indicate that socio-demographic factors play a distinct role in the H1N1 vaccination as compared to the general vaccination. Nevertheless, medical recommendation and health insurance remain significant factors for both vaccinations. Then, we concentrated on the subpopulation of individuals who did not receive an H1N1 vaccination despite being at risk of developing severe symptoms. In an effort to assist practitioners in providing effective recommendations to patients, we present rules and counterfactuals for the selected instances based on local explanations. Finally, we raise concerns regarding gender and racial disparities in healthcare access by analysing the interaction effects of sensitive attributes on the model’s output.
Adding Why to What? Analyses of an Everyday Explanation
Authors: Terfloth Lutz , Schaffer Michael , Buhl Heike M. , Schulte Carsten 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn XAI it is important to consider that, in contrast to explanations for professional audiences, one cannot assume common expertise when explaining for laypeople. But such explanations between humans vary greatly, making it difficult to research commonalities across explanations. We used the dual nature theory, a techno-philosophical approach, to cope with these challenges. According to it, onan explain, for example, an XAI’s decision by addressing its dual nature: by focusing on the Architecture (e.g., the logic of its algorithms) or the Relevance (e.g., the severity of a decision, the implications of a recommendation). We investigated 20 explanations of games using the theory as an analytical framework. We elaborate how we used the theory to quickly structure and compare explanations of technological artifacts. We supplement results from analyzing the explanation contents with results from a video recall to explore how Explainers (EX) justified their explanation. We found that EX were focusing on the physical aspects of the game first (Architecture) and only later on aspects of the Relevance. Reasoning in the video recalls indicated that EX regarded the focus on the Architecture as important for structuring the explanation initially by explaining the basic components before focusing on more complex, intangible aspects. EX justified shifting between addressing the two sides by explanation goals, emerging misunderstandings, and the knowledge needs of the explainee. We discovered several commonalities that inspire future research questions which, if further generalizable, provide first ideas for the construction of synthetic explanations.
A new geometric flow on 3-manifolds: the K-flow
Authors: Tasseten Kezban , Tekin Bayram 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We define a new geometric flow, which we shall call the K-flow, on 3-dimensional Riemannian manifolds; and study the behavior of Thurston’s model geometries under this flow both analytically and numerically. As an example, we show that an initially arbitrarily deformed homogeneous 3-sphere flows into a round 3-sphere and shrinks to a point in the unnormalized flow; or stays as a round 3-sphere in the volume normalized flow. The K-flow equation arises as the gradient flow of a specific purely quadratic action functional that has appeared as the quadratic part of New Massive Gravity in physics; and a decade earlier in the mathematics literature, as a new variational characterization of three-dimensional space forms. We show the short-time existence of the K-flow using a DeTurck-type argument.
Axion-gauge coupling quantization with a twist
Authors: Reece Matthew 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The possible couplings of an axion to gauge fields depend on the global structure of the gauge group. If the Standard Model gauge group is minimal, or equivalently if fractionally charged color-singlet particles are forbidden, then the QCD axion’s Chern-Simons couplings to photons and gluons obey correlated quantization conditions. Specifically, the photon coupling can have a fractional part which is a multiple of 1/3, but which is determined by the gluon coupling. A consequence of this result is that, among all theories with a minimal gauge group and minimal axion coupling to gluons, the smallest possible axion-photon amplitude |gaγγ| arises for E/N = 8/3. This provides a new motivation for experiments targeting this axion-photon coupling.
Zungennekrose als klinische Manifestation einer Riesenzellarteriitis
Authors: Pfeil Alexander , Hoffmann Tobias , Freesmeyer Martin , Oelzner Peter , Wolf Gunter 
Published: October 2023

ZusammenfassungEin 83-jähriger Patient stellte sich aufgrund einer seit drei Wochen bestehenden Schwellung der Zunge vor. Die Zungenschwellung ging mit Schmerzen beim Essen, gelblichen Plaques sowie einer gräulich-braunen Läsion im vorderen Abschnitt der Zunge einher. Zusätzlich waren ein plötzlicher Sehverlust auf dem linken Auge und temporale Kopfschmerzen seit drei Tagen zu verzeichnen. Aufgrund eines paraklinisch erhöhten C‑reaktiven Proteins und der bestehenden Symptomatik wurden eine Sonographie der supraaortalen Arterien und auch eine Positronenemissionstomographie/Computertomographie durchgeführt. Es zeigten sich in der Bildgebung eine Entzündung der großen Arterien sowie ein Halophänomen in der Sonographie der A. temporalis. Somit konnte die Diagnose einer Riesenzellarteriitis mit Zungennekrose gestellt werden. Eine immunsuppressive Therapie mit Glukokortikoiden wurde eingeleitet. Die Zungennekrose stellt eine seltene Manifestation einer Riesenzellarteriitis dar, welche einer umgehenden immunsuppressiven Therapie bedarf, um weitere Folgeschäden, wie vollständige Nekrose und Superinfektion bis zur Zungenamputation, zu vermeiden.
Decoupling Inequality for Paraboloid Under Shell Type Restriction and Its Application to the Periodic Zakharov System
Authors: Kinoshita Shinya , Nakamura Shohei , Sanwal Akansha 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we establish local well-posedness for the Zakharov system on $${\mathbb {T}}^d$$

T

d

, $$d\ge 3$$

d
≥
3

in a low regularity setting. Our result improves the work of Kishimoto (J Anal Math 119:213–253, 2013). Moreover, the result is sharp up to $$\varepsilon $$
ε
-loss of regularity when $$d=3$$

d
=
3

and $$d\ge 5$$

d
≥
5

as long as one utilizes the iteration argument. We introduce ideas from recent developments of the Fourier restriction theory. The key element in the proof of our well-posedness result is a new trilinear discrete Fourier restriction estimate involving paraboloid and cone. We prove this trilinear estimate by improving Bourgain–Demeter’s range of exponent for the linear decoupling inequality for paraboloid (Bourgain and Demeter in Ann Math 182:351–389) under the constraint that the input space-time function f satisfies $$\textrm{supp}\, {\hat{f}} \subset \{ (\xi ,\tau ) \in {\mathbb {R}}^{d+1}: 1- \frac{1}{N} \le |\xi | \le 1 + \frac{1}{N},\; |\tau - |\xi |^2| \le \frac{1}{N^{2}} \} $$

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for large $$N\ge 1$$

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.
Alignment between timing of ‘highest caloric intake’ and chronotype in relation to body composition during adolescence: the DONALD Study
Authors: Jankovic Nicole , Schmitting Sarah , Stutz Bianca , Krüger Bettina , Buyken Anette , Alexy Ute 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Our aim was to assess alignment in timing of ‘highest caloric intake’ with individual chronotype and its association with body composition in adolescents.

Methods
We used repeatedly collected data from n = 196 adolescents (age 9–16 years, providing N = 401 yearly questionnaires) of the DONALD open cohort study. Chronotype was assessed by the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire from which midpoint of sleep (MSFsc) was derived. A sex- and age-specific diet-chrono-alignment score (DCAS) was calculated as the difference in hours between the chronotype-specific median timing of highest caloric intake of the studied population and the individual timing of ‘highest caloric intake’ or vice versa. Repeated-measures regression models were applied to study cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between the DCAS and body composition, e.g., Fat Mass Index (FMI) or Fat Free Mass Index (FFMI).

Results
DCAS ranged from −6:42 h to + 8:01 h and was not associated with body composition. Among adolescents with a later chronotype (N = 201) a 1 h increase in DCAS (later consumption of ‘highest caloric intake’ in comparison to the median intake of that group), increased FFMI by 1.92 kg/m2 (95% CI: 0.15, 3.69, p value = 0.04) over a median follow-up of 0.94 year.

Conclusion
Alignment of energy intake with individual chronotype appears beneficial for FFMI among those with a late chronotype.
Analytical and clinical validation of PATHWAY Anti-HER-2/neu (4B5) antibody to assess HER2-low status for trastuzumab deruxtecan treatment in breast cancer
Authors: Garrido Charo , Manoogian Melissa , Ghambire Dhiraj , Lucas Shawn , Karnoub Maha , Olson Matthew T. , Hicks David G. , Tozbikian Gary , Prat Aleix , Ueno Naoto T. , Modi Shanu , Feng Wenqin , Pugh Judith , Hsu Ching , Tsurutani Junji , Cameron David , Harbeck Nadia , Fang Qijun , Khambata-Ford Shirin , Liu Xuemin , Inge Landon J. , Vitazka Patrik 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn DESTINY-Breast04 (DB-04), safety and efficacy of HER2-targeted antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) in previously treated HER2-low unresectable/metastatic breast cancer were established. This manuscript describes the analytical validation of PATHWAY Anti-HER2/neu (4B5) Rabbit Monoclonal Primary Antibody (PATHWAY HER2 (4B5)) to assess HER2-low status and its clinical performance in DB-04. Preanalytical processing and tissue staining parameters were evaluated to determine their impact on HER2 scoring. The recommended antibody staining procedure provided the optimal tumor staining, and deviations in cell conditioning and/or antibody incubation times resulted in unacceptable negative control staining and/or HER2-low status changes. Comparisons between antibody lots, kit lots, instruments, and day-to-day runs showed overall percent agreements (OPAs) exceeding 97.9%. Inter-laboratory reproducibility showed OPAs of ≥97.4% for all study endpoints. PATHWAY HER2 (4B5) was utilized in DB-04 for patient selection using 1340 tumor samples (59.0% metastatic, 40.7% primary, (0.3% missing data); 74.3% biopsy, 25.7% resection/excisions). Overall, 77.6% (823/1060) of samples were HER2-low by both central and local testing, with the level of concordance differing by sample region of origin and collection date. In DB-04, the efficacy of T-DXd over chemotherapy of physician’s choice was consistent, regardless of the characteristics of the sample used (primary or metastatic, archival, or newly collected, biopsy or excision/resection). These results demonstrate that PATHWAY HER2 (4B5) is precise and reproducible for scoring HER2-low status and can be used with multiple breast cancer sample types for reliably identifying patients whose tumors have HER2-low expression and are likely to derive clinical benefit from T-DXd.
KAT6A mutations in Arboleda-Tham syndrome drive epigenetic regulation of posterior HOXC cluster
Authors: Singh Meghna , Spendlove Sarah J. , Wei Angela , Bondhus Leroy M. , Nava Aileen A. , de L. Vitorino Francisca N. , Amano Seth , Lee Jacob , Echeverria Gesenia , Gomez Dianne , Garcia Benjamin A. , Arboleda Valerie A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractArboleda-Tham Syndrome (ARTHS) is a rare genetic disorder caused by heterozygous, de novo mutations in Lysine(K) acetyltransferase 6A (KAT6A). ARTHS is clinically heterogeneous and characterized by several common features, including intellectual disability, developmental and speech delay, and hypotonia, and affects multiple organ systems. KAT6A is the enzymatic core of a histone–acetylation protein complex; however, the direct histone targets and gene regulatory effects remain unknown. In this study, we use ARTHS patient (n = 8) and control (n = 14) dermal fibroblasts and perform comprehensive profiling of the epigenome and transcriptome caused by KAT6A mutations. We identified differential chromatin accessibility within the promoter or gene body of 23% (14/60) of genes that were differentially expressed between ARTHS and controls. Within fibroblasts, we show a distinct set of genes from the posterior HOXC gene cluster (HOXC10, HOXC11, HOXC-AS3, HOXC-AS2, and HOTAIR) that are overexpressed in ARTHS and are transcription factors critical for early development body segment patterning. The genomic loci harboring HOXC genes are epigenetically regulated with increased chromatin accessibility, high levels of H3K23ac, and increased gene–body DNA methylation compared to controls, all of which are consistent with transcriptomic overexpression. Finally, we used unbiased proteomic mass spectrometry and identified two new histone post-translational modifications (PTMs) that are disrupted in ARTHS: H2A and H3K56 acetylation. Our multi-omics assays have identified novel histone and gene regulatory roles of KAT6A in a large group of ARTHS patients harboring diverse pathogenic mutations. This work provides insight into the role of KAT6A on the epigenomic regulation in somatic cell types.
Exact and sampling methods for mining higher-order motifs in large hypergraphs
Authors: Lotito Quintino Francesco , Musciotto Federico , Battiston Federico , Montresor Alberto 
Published: October 2023

AbstractNetwork motifs are recurrent, small-scale patterns of interactions observed frequently in a system. They shed light on the interplay between the topology and the dynamics of complex networks across various domains. In this work, we focus on the problem of counting occurrences of small sub-hypergraph patterns in very large hypergraphs, where higher-order interactions connect arbitrary numbers of system units. We show how directly exploiting higher-order structures speeds up the counting process compared to traditional data mining techniques for exact motif discovery. Moreover, with hyperedge sampling, performance is further improved at the cost of small errors in the estimation of motif frequency. We evaluate our method on several real-world datasets describing face-to-face interactions, co-authorship and human communication. We show that our approximated algorithm allows us to extract higher-order motifs faster and on a larger scale, beyond the computational limits of an exact approach.
Exogenous Application of Humic Acid Mitigates Salinity Stress on Pittosporum (Pittosporum tobira) Plant by Adjusting the Osmolytes and Nutrient Homeostasis
Authors: Lasheen Fawzy F. , Hewidy Mohammed , Abdelhamid Ahmed N. , Thabet Ramez S. , Abass Mohamed M. M. , Fahmy Asmaa A. , Saudy Hani S. , Hassan Karim M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractImproving the physiological status expressed in adjusting the osmolytes and nutrients balance of plant cell is a crucial matter for ameliorating the hazards of salinity. In this context, humic substances have a significant role for stimulating the plant tolerance to various stresses. Therefore, the current study aimed to assess the importance of foliar spray of humic acid (0 and 150 mg L−1) for avoiding the effect of salt stress (0, 4000 and 8000 mg L−1) on vegetative growth of pittosporum plant, protein, proline, peroxidase activity and nutrient components related to salinity. The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 3 replicates. Results revealed that the highest vegetative growth was recorded with mg L−1 humic acid. While, salinity levels of 4000, and 8000 mg L−1 led to increases in protein, proline peroxidase activity, and chloride and sodium inions. Compared to humic acid-untreated plants, application of humic acid under salinity level of 4000 mg L−1 enhanced plant height, root fresh weight plant−1, root dry weight plant−1, shoot fresh weight plant−1 and shoot dry weight plant−1 by 12.6, 10.9, 17.7, 43.4, 19.4%, respectively, in the second season. Humic acid application under all salinity levels showed favorable effect for keeping leaves in both seasons, since fallen leaves number was reduced. The increases in potassium (K) content reached about 12.0 and 22.4% under 4000 mg L−1 and 8000 mg L−1, respectively, owing to humic acid application. Protein, proline content and peroxidase activity showed the minimal values under humic acid × salinity level of 4000 mg L−1. It could be concluded that application of humic mitigates the harmful effect of salinity and improves the vegetative growth parameters and physiological status of pittosporum plants while increases the uptake of beneficial nutrients.
Living alone is related to depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Eggert Laura , Schröder Johanna , Lotzin Annett 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Aim
The multiple psychological, social, and socioeconomic stressors of the COVID-19 pandemic may increase the risk for depression in vulnerable groups. Individuals living alone may be particularly vulnerable to depressive symptoms, especially if they receive little social support. This study examined whether living alone during the COVID-19 pandemic is associated with depressive symptoms. In addition, we examined whether social support moderates this association.

Subject and methods
N = 2245 German participants from the general population were recruited between June and September 2020. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, two types of social support (instrumental and emotional support) were assessed with the Brief COPE. Using structural equation modelling, the association between living alone and depressive symptoms, as well as the moderating role of social support, were investigated.

Results
Living alone was significantly related to higher levels of depressive symptoms. Emotional or instrumental support did not moderate the relationship between living alone and depressive symptoms.

Conclusion
Living alone might be a risk factor for depression, independently of the level of instrumental or emotional support.