bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Additive Manufacturing of Multi‐Metal Microstructures by Localized Electrochemical Deposition Under Hydrodynamic Confinement
Authors: Widerker Daniel , Kaigala Govind V. , Bercovici Moran 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis study presents a device and method for multi‐metal printing of microscale structures. The method is based on combining hydrodynamic confinement of electrolytes with localized electrochemical deposition (HLECD), allowing rapid switching of the deposited metal. The device used in HLECD integrates a micro‐anode on a vertical microfluidic chip containing two open‐ended channels that control the flow of electrolytes surrounding the anode. When placed on top of a conducting surface, a localized electrochemical reaction is initiated, wherein the deposited metal composition is dictated by the electrolyte in the confinement. A range of electrolytes, which are used to deposit copper, tin, silver, and nickel, are used to fabricate multiple structures involving more than 60 material changes within a single printing process. The structures are analyzed using electron microscopy, showing the ability to achieve sharp transitions between pure metals. The constant replenishment of electrolytes also eliminates the problem of ion depletion commonly occurring in localized electrochemical deposition, and enables printing rates that are nearly an order of magnitude greater.
CAR‐Aptamers Enable Traceless Enrichment and Monitoring of CAR‐Positive Cells and Overcome Tumor Immune Escape
Authors: Zhou Hang , Abudureheman Tuersunayi , Zheng Wei‐Wei , Yang Li‐Ting , Zhu Jian‐Min , Liang Ai‐Bin , Duan Cai‐Wen , Chen Kaiming 
Published: December 2023

AbstractChimeric antigen receptor (CAR)‐positive cell therapy, specifically with anti‐CD19 CAR‐T (CAR19‐T) cells, achieves a high complete response during tumor treatment for hematological malignancies. Large‐scale production and application of CAR‐T therapy can be achieved by developing efficient and low‐cost enrichment methods for CAR‐T cells, expansion monitoring in vivo, and overcoming tumor escape. Here, novel CAR‐specific binding aptamers (CAR‐ap) to traceless sort CAR‐positive cells and obtain a high positive rate of CAR19‐T cells is identified. Additionally, CAR‐ap‐enriched CAR19‐T cells exhibit similar antitumor capacity as CAR‐ab (anti‐CAR antibody)‐enriched CAR‐T cells. Moreover, CAR‐ap accurately monitors the expansion of CAR19‐T cells in vivo and predicts the prognosis of CAR‐T treatment. Essentially, a novel class of stable CAR‐ap‐based bispecific circular aptamers (CAR‐bc‐ap) is constructed by linking CAR‐ap with a tumor surface antigen (TSA): protein tyrosine kinase 7 (PTK7) binding aptamer Sgc8. These CAR‐bc‐aps significantly enhance antitumor cytotoxicity with a loss of target antigens by retargeting CAR‐T cells to the tumor in vitro and in vivo. Overall, novel CAR‐aptamers are screened for traceless enrichment, monitoring of CAR‐positive cells, and overcoming tumor cell immune escape. This provides a low‐cost and high‐throughput approach for CAR‐positive cell‐based immunotherapy.
On the Structure of Oxygen Deficient Amorphous Oxide Films
Authors: Strand Jack , Shluger Alexander L. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractUnderstanding defects in amorphous oxide films and heterostructures is vital to improving performance of microelectronic devices, thin‐film transistors, and electrocatalysis. However, to what extent the structure and properties of point defects in amorphous solids are similar to those in the crystalline phase are still debated. The validity of this analogy and the experimental and theoretical evidence of the effects of oxygen deficiency in amorphous oxide films are critically discussed. The authors start with the meaning and significance of defect models, such as “oxygen vacancy” in crystalline oxides, and then introduce experimental and computational methods used to study intrinsic defects in amorphous oxides and discuss their limitations and challenges. To test the validity of existing defect models, ab initio molecular dynamics is used with a non‐local density functional to model the structure and electronic properties of oxygen‐deficient amorphous alumina. Unlike some previous studies, the formation of deep defect states in the bandgap caused by the oxygen deficiency is found. Apart from atomistic structures analogous to crystal vacancies, the formation of more stable defect states characterized by the bond formation between under‐coordinated Al ions is shown. The limitations of such defect models and how they may be overcome in simulations are discussed.
Methylene Insertion into Nitrogen‐Heteroatom Single Bonds of 1,2‐Azoles via a Zinc Carbenoid: An Alternative Tool for Skeletal Editing
Authors: Tsuda Masato , Morita Taiki , Morita Yuto , Takaya Jun , Nakamura Hiroyuki 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe nitrogen‐heteroatom single bonds of 1,2‐azoles and isoxazolines underwent methylene insertion in the presence of CH2I2 (6 equiv.) and diethylzinc (3 equiv.) to produce a wide variety of the ring‐expanded six‐membered heterocycles. Density functional theory calculations suggest that the methylene insertion proceeds via cleavage of nitrogen‐heteroatom single bonds followed by ring closure.
Analog HfxZr1‐xO2Memristors with Tunable Linearity for Implementation in a Self‐Organizing Map Neural Network
Authors: Zhu Quanzhou , Jiang Biyi , Lan Jun , Hou Zeyu , Dong Yida , Wang Zhongrui , Feng Xuewei , Shen Mei , Yu Hongyu , Chen Kai , Li Jiamin , Lin Longyang , Zhou Feichi , Li Yida 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDoped‐metal oxide‐based memristors, with the potential for improved switching performance and capability for multi‐bit information storage, are attractive candidates in the implementation of artificial neural network (ANN) hardware systems. However, performance and process considerations such as switching behavior and complementary‐metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (CMOS) process compatibility remain a challenge. This study shows that amorphous Zr‐doped HfO2(HZO) memristors fabricated via a co‐sputtering approach improve the switching performance by providing a controllable knob to modulate defects in the switching layer. At the same time, it satisfies the CMOS process compatibility requirements for industry adoption. HZO memristors with optimized stoichiometry exhibit 30% reduced switching voltages and 50% faster switching as compared to control HfO2memristors. Concurrently, this study shows that high linearity analog states tuning is achievable via a programming scheme that utilizes voltage pulses with increasing amplitudes. This study further shows via simulation evaluation that HZO memristors implemented in a self‐organizing‐map (SOM) network for Fashion MNIST database classification, achieve an accuracy of 92% with short training cycles. The results thus pave a potential pathway for further development of CMOS process compatible HZO memristors for use in future storage and computing applications.
Achieving High External Quantum Efficiency for ITIC‐Based Organic Solar Cells with Negligible Homo Energy Offsets
Authors: Du Huijun , An Kang , Wang Rong , Yin Zhipeng , Peng Feng , Lüer Larry , Brabec Christoph J. , Ying Lei , Li Ning 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMinimizing energy loss in organic solar cells (OSCS) is critical for attaining high photovoltaic performance. Among the parameters that correlated to photovoltaic performance, the energy offsets between donor–acceptor pairs play a vital role in photoelectric conversion processes. For so far reported a large number of non‐fullerene acceptors (NFAs), only Y6 and its derivatives can achieve external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) over 80% with negligible energy offsets when combined with polymeric donors. Thus, understanding the relationship between energy offsets and energy losses in representative NFAs is the key to further enhancing the efficiency of OSCs. In this study, a series of wide‐bandgap polymer donors based on pyrrolo[3,4‐f]benzotriazole‐5,7(6H)‐dione (TzBI) and benzo[1,2‐c:4,5‐c′] dithiophene‐4,8‐dione building blocks are combined with representative NFAs, including ITIC and Y6, to gain deep insights into their photovoltaic performances and related energy losses. Outstanding EQEs (≈70%) and suppressed non‐radiative recombination are achieved at negligible energy offsets. Moreover, it is noted that a prolonged exciton lifetime of acceptor is not essential to obtain high EQEs in OSCs with negligible energy offsets. Eventually, ITIC derivatives with high electroluminescence efficiencies and near‐infrared absorptions have the potential to be assembled to obtain high‐efficiency OSCs.
Decent and equal work in agri‐food systems: Evidence from Peru
Authors: Fabry Anna , Schuster Monica , Maertens Miet 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAgri‐food systems are important sources of rural off‐farm employment, but insights on job quality are limited. We study job quality in the Peruvian horticultural sector and explore the driving forces of decent and equal work, using survey data and econometric methods. We find structural disparities in wages and job quality between men and women and between local and migrant workers, trade‐offs between wage and nonwage dimensions of decent work, and sector and company differences. Our findings contest that global value chains are a catalyst for decent and equal work and underscore the importance of formalization and government regulation of employment.
Selective Hemin Binding by a Non‐G‐quadruplex Aptamer with Higher Affinity and Better Peroxidase‐like Activity
Authors: Gu Lide , Ding Yuzhe , Zhou Yang , Zhang Yao , Wang Deli , Liu Juewen 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPrevious aptamers for porphyrins and metalloporphyrins were all guanine‐rich sequences that can fold in G‐quadruplex structures. Due to stacking‐based binding, these aptamers can hardly tell different porphyrins apart, and they can also bind other planar molecules, hindering their practical applications. In this work, we used the capture selection method to obtain aptamers for hemin and protoporphyrin IX (PPIX). The hemin aptamer (Hem1) features two highly conserved repeating binding loops, and it cannot form a G‐quadruplex, which was supported by its Mg2+‐dependent but K+‐independent hemin binding and CD spectroscopy. Isothermal titration calorimetry revealed much higher enthalpy change for the new aptamer, and the best aptamer showed a Kd of 43 nM hemin. Hem1 can also enhance the peroxidase‐like activity of hemin. This work demonstrates that aptamers have alternative ways to bind porphyrins allowing selective recognition of different porphyrins.
In situ simultaneous measuring method for the determination of key processes of soil organic carbon cycling: Soil microbial respiration using laser spectrometry
Authors: Yuan Hongzhao , He Zhen , Zhang Liping , Wang Jiurong , Zhu Zhenke , Ge Tida 
Published: December 2023

AbstractRationale: Soil microbial heterotrophic C‐CO2 respiration is important for C cycling. Soil CO2 differentiation and quantification are vital for understanding soil C cycling and CO2 emission mitigation. Presently, soil microbial respiration (SR) quantification models are based on native soil organic matter (SOM) and require consistent monitoring of δ13C and CO2.Methods: We present a new apparatus for achieving in situ soil static chamber incubation and simultaneous CO2 and δ13C monitoring by cavity ring‐down spectroscopy (CRDS) coupled with a soil culture and gas introduction module (SCGIM) with multi‐channel. After a meticulous five‐point inter‐calibration, the repeatability of CO2 and δ13C values by using CRDS‐SCGIM were determined, and compared with those obtained using gas chromatography (GC) and isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS), respectively. We examined the method regarding quantifying SR with various concentrations and enrichment of glucose and then applied it to investigate the responses of SR to the addition of different exogenous organic materials (glucose and rice residues) into paddy soils during a 21‐day incubation.Results: The CRDS‐SCGIM CO2 and δ13C measurements were conducted with high precision (< 1.0 µmol/mol and 1‰, respectively). The optimal sampling interval and the amount added were not exceeded 4 h and 200 mg C/100 g dry soil in a 1 L incubation bottle, respectively; the 13C‐enrichment of 3%–7% was appropriate. The total SR rates observed were 0.6–4.2 µL/h/g and the exogenous organic materials induced ‐49%–28% of priming effects in native SOM mineralisation.Conclusions: Our results show that CRDS‐SCGIM is a method suitable for the quantification of soil microbial CO2 respiration, requiring less extensive lab resources than GC/IRMS.
Rocuronium‐Induced Anaphylaxis in the Perioperative Period: A Clinical Review
Authors: Harris David E. 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACTRocuronium, a nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent used for muscle relaxation especially during endotracheal intubation, can cause hypersensitivity reactions. This article provides an overview of anaphylactic reactions; risk factors; and the pathophysiology, presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and nursing implications associated with rocuronium‐induced anaphylaxis. Life‐threatening anaphylaxis can be immunoglobulin E–mediated or non–immunoglobulin E‐mediated and usually occurs after the first dose. Anaphylaxis can present with hypotension and bronchospasm; cutaneal symptoms, such as erythema, may not be obvious. Diagnosis is initially presumptive and may require a transesophageal echocardiogram to rule out other causes of hypotension (eg, pulmonary embolus). Emergency treatment begins with epinephrine administration and fluid boluses; cardiac support devices may be needed. Definitive diagnosis requires early measurement of histamine and tryptase levels and skin testing after the patient recovers from the reaction. Perioperative nurses should be prepared to participate in emergency treatment of anaphylaxis and advocate for testing for a definitive diagnosis.
Computational fluid dynamics study on three‐dimensional polymeric scaffolds to predict wall shear stress using machine learning models for bone tissue engineering applications
Authors: E Sudalai Manikandan , M Thirumarimurugan , A Gnanaprakasam , M Satthiyaraju 
Published: December 2023

AbstractGeometrical patterns and dimensions of the polymeric scaffold play a major role in controlling the degradation and mechanical stimuli for osteogenic differentiation. Wall shear stress (WSS) analysis of scaffold provides a better understanding of the body fluid flow dynamics. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) study was carried out to understand velocity profile and WSS distribution when the strands are arranged in rectangular and triangular pitch for the different strand diameters and spacing. The number of scaffold surfaces with less than 30 mPa and maximum and average WSS was estimated to check the suitability of the scaffold for loading stem cells. This situation is favorable to induce osteogenic activity and cell viability. Higher spacing/pitch between the strands increases the chances of scaffold surface having WSS less than 30 mPa. When the spacing and diameter are smaller, there is no significant variation in WSS and pressure drop between rectangular and triangular pitch arrangement is observed. Machine learning (ML) models were developed to predict WSS distribution and to reduce the computational cost involved in solving the Navier–Stokes equation. XG Boost and support vector machine (SVM) models outperform the other models in predicting the WSS with high R2 and five‐fold cross‐validation accuracy and are helpful in predicting the optimal design parameters of a three‐dimensional scaffold.
Development of fish scale particle reinforced PLA filaments for 3D printing applications
Authors: Joseph Arockiam A. , Rajesh S. , Karthikeyan S. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis study investigated incorporating fish scale powder (FSP) as a bio‐filler into polylactic acid (PLA) raw material for polymeric 3D printing. The PLA/FSP filaments were evaluated for various properties (tensile strength, tensile modulus, elongation, diameter deviation, thermogravimetric analysis, surface roughness, and SEM analysis) at different compositions (PLA, PLA/FSP10, PLA/FSP20, and PLA/FSP30 wt%). The results revealed that PLA filaments reinforced with 20 wt% FSP achieved the highest tensile strength, and modulus is 44.49 MPa and 2.83 GPa. The filaments reinforced with neat PLA and PLA with 10 wt% fish scale powder exhibited minor diameter deviations of +0.002 and −0.002. The surface roughness of the neat PLA filament is notably higher, registering a value of 1.459 μm. This finding highlights the importance of considering surface characteristics in filament selection for 3D printing applications. The microscopic analysis confirmed a uniform distribution of FSP particles in the 20 wt% composition PLA/FSP filaments. These results suggest that PLA/FSP (20 wt%) is an optimal feedstock for 3D printing, especially in developing biomaterials like bio‐scaffolds.
Shifts in the size and distribution of marine trophy fishing world records
Authors: Boon James S. , Vaudin Grace , Millward‐Hopkins Hannah , O'Leary Bethan C. , McClean Colin J. , Stewart Bryce D. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

The extensive nature of recreational angling makes it difficult to explore trends in global catches. However, trophy fishing world records may provide an insight into recreational fishing pressure on the largest species and size classes. Trophy fishing is promoted and recorded by the International Game Fish Association (IGFA), who manage an 80‐year database on the largest individuals of a species caught – called all‐tackle records (ATRs) – with information on the size and location of each record catch.
We analyse these data to explore temporal trends in the size of record‐setting fishes, determine how past and present ATR catches are distributed globally, and examine trends in records for International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) threatened species.
The number of ATRs, and the number of species awarded an ATR, have increased significantly over the past 80 years. New records are for increasingly smaller maximum‐sized species of fish, with the average sized record shifting from 167.7 kg in the 1950s to 8.1 kg in the 2010s. ATRs for species listed as threatened (Vulnerable or higher) on the IUCN Red List have also declined by approximately 66% over the past two decades. Records were unevenly distributed around the world but have spread globally over time. Historically, ATRs were concentrated around the coastline of the USA but in recent decades more were reported in areas such as Japan and New Zealand.
These data either reflect a shift away from mainly targeting large taxa to targeting a wider variety of smaller species, or that there are now limited larger specimens and so fewer ATRs are being set. Additionally, the scarcity of new records for threatened species appears to support IUCN assessments of their poor stock status. The spread of ATRs suggests a growing pressure on the largest size classes in regions with previously little trophy fishing pressure. We encourage the greater use of catch‐and‐release initiatives and mandatory data collection for all near records to better quantify trophy fishing pressure and ensure sustainable practices.
Recent Progress in Ferroptosis Induced Tumor Cell Death by Anti‐tumor Metallic complexes
Authors: Zhou Yong‐Chang , Zhao Tian‐Kun , Tao Si‐Man , Wang Peng , Guan Yi‐Chen , Yang Ke‐Pei , Chen Sheng‐Qiang , Pu Xiu‐Ying 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMetal complexes represented by platinum complexes play a very important role in cancer treatment due to their diverse chemical structures and anti‐tumor activities. Recently, ferroptosis has emerged as a newly occurring cell death form in the anti‐tumor process. It has been reported that metal complexes could inhibit the proliferation and metastasis of tumors and combat chemotherapy resistance by targeting ferroptosis. In this review, we briefly describe ferroptosis as a fundamental process for tumor suppression and triggering anti‐tumor immune responses. We summarize recent developments on metal complexes that induce ferroptosis. Finally, we outline the prospects for the application of metal complexes to the treatment of tumors based on ferroptosis and the associated problems that need to be solved, and discussed other potential research directions of metal complexes.
Cover Picture: Astron. Nachr. 08/2023
Authors: Beletic James W. , Auyeung John , Pan Jianmei , Corrales Liz , Dorn Meghan , Maitra Devraj , Farris Mark , Zandian Majid , Piquette Eric , Rangel Liz , Petersen Anders , Yulius Aristo , Bai Yibin , Bhargava Sid 
Published: December 2023

The composite image shows highlights of select papers from the Proceedings of the Scientific Detector Workshop 2022. From top left, clockwise: The Euclid NISP Near‐Infrared Focal Plane under test at the CEA/LAM facility in Marseilles, France (see J. Beletic et al., e230136); The Acuros CQD sensors from SWIR Vision Systems (see C. Mackay, e230104); The Original lab book entry made at Bell Labs by Willard S. Boyle and George E. Smith on October 19th, 1969 (see M.M. Roth, e230066); The focal plane of the Dark Energy Survey (see S.E. Holland, p. xx4); The DECam CCD wafer (see S.E. Holland, e230072); The 2048 × 2048 detector array of JWST NIRCam supplied by Teledyne (see G. Rieke, e230065); Mosaic of three integrated FPA + Linear variable filters (see, J. Beletic et al., e230136).image
Simple and sensitive fluorescence sensing of methyl parathion based on the inner filter effect of p‐nitrophenol on nitrogen‐doped titanium carbide quantum dots
Authors: Yi Yinhui , Hou Jieling , Bi Xiaoya , Luo Lijun , Li Libo , You Tianyan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIt is of great significance to develop an effective method for methyl parathion (MP) detection. Herein, a novel nitrogen‐doped titanium carbide quantum dots (N‐Ti3C2 QDs) was prepared and used to construct a simple and sensitive fluorescence sensing platform of MP by making use of inner filter effect (IFE). The prepared N‐Ti3C2 QDs can exhibit strong blue fluorescence at 434 nm. Meanwhile, MP could hydrolyze to produce p‐nitrophenol (p‐NP) under alkaline conditions, which showed a characteristic ultraviolet‐visible (UV‐visible) absorption peak at 405 nm, resulting in the fluorescence of N‐Ti3C2 QDs is effectively quenched by p‐NP. In addition, the investigation of time‐resolved fluorescence decays indicated that the corresponding quenching mechanism of p‐NP on N‐Ti3C2 QDs is due to the IFE. After optimizing the conditions, the as‐developed fluorescence sensing platform displayed wide detection range (0.1–30 μg mL−1) and low detection limit (0.036 μg mL−1) for MP, and it was also successfully applied for MP analysis in real water samples, thus it is expected that this simple, sensitive and enzyme‐free sensing platform shows great applications.