bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introduction
Authors: Jenkins Thomas E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
For American Protestant theology, a large part of the answer has to do with characterizations of God, especially God’s emotions. Most American Protestant theologians have assumed that, strictly speaking, God does not have emotions, at least in a human sense. But most have also acknowledged that for the purposes of theological writing it is necessary to ascribe some feelings to God. The question is, which feelings? Here liberal and conservative theologians came to share similar assumptions beginning in the early nineteenth century. In general, they depicted God as an emotionally singular character, having one predominant feeling, such as a serene benevolence, holiness, or tender sympathy. The confinement of God’s character to this emotional singularity, and these specific feelings, accounts in large measure for the dullness of modem Protestant theology.
Vitality and Anger
Authors: Jenkins Thomas E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The differences among these styles can be seen by referring again to God’s statement in Exodus, “I am that I am.” Park, the neoclassical theist, found in this a declaration of God’s serenity: “We rejoice that there is a mind free from the complexities and discrepancies that mar our character We are calmed by the announcement, ‘I am that I am.”‘ Stowe, the sentimental incarnationalist, found in Jesus’ version of this statement, “before Abraham was I am,” a clue to the mysterious mixing of God and humanity in the incarnation; Jesus had given his true nature away “in a moment of high excitement” and let slip from himself an utterance “unconsciously, as it were in his native language.”
The Revival of 1857-58
Authors: Long Kathryn Teresa 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This book provides a fresh, in-depth examination of the Revival of 1857-58, a widespread religious awakening most famous for urban prayer meetings in major metropolitan centers across the United States. Often mentioned in religious history texts and articles but overshadowed by scholarly attention to the first and second “Great Awakenings,” the revival has lacked a critical, book-length analysis. This study will help to fill this gap and to place the event within the context of Protestant revival traditions in America. The Revival of 1857-58 was a multifaceted religious movement that Long suggests may have been the closest thing to a truly national revival in American history. The awakening marked the coming together of formalist and populist evangelical groups, particularly in urban areas, and helped to create the beginnings of a transdenominational religious identity among middle-class American evangelicals. Long explores the revival from various angles, emphasizing the importance of historiography and examining the way Calvinist clergy and the editors of the daily press canonized particular versions of the revival story, most notably its role in the history of great awakenings and its character as a masculine “businessmen’s revival.” She gives attention to grassroots perspectives on the awakening and also pursues wider social and cultural questions, including whether the revival actually affected evangelical involvement in social reform. The book combines insights from contemporary scholarship concerning revivals, women’s history, and nineteenth-century mass print with extensive primary source research. The result is a clearly written study that blends careful description with nuanced analysis.
Introduction
Authors: Long Kathryn Teresa 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Revival Of 1857-58 was hailed by contemporaries as one of the most significant events of the nineteenth century, perhaps of American religious history, or even the entire span of the history of the Christian church. They de scribed it as “The Great Revival,” the “event of the century,” and “our American awakening.” From 18 58 to the present, this revival, characterized in part by mass prayer meetings that spread from New York City to major urban centers through out much of the United States, has captured the imaginations of American evangelicals. On September 22, 1991, when evangelist Billy Graham preached to approximately 250,000 people on the “great lawn” of New York City’s Central Park, local coordinators of the event noted with satisfaction that the date of Graham’s visit fell within a day of the anniversary of the beginnings of revival in 1857.
Legacies of r 857-5 8 D. L. Moody and the “Revival Generationn
Authors: Long Kathryn Teresa 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
More Than Any Other single person during the second half of the nineteenth century, Dwight L. Moody came to represent a transformed evangelical revival tradition ushered in by the Revival of 18 57-58. During the 1870s, supported by religious and secular press coverage, Moody became a national figure and his urban revivalism part of the national popular culture. These postwar revivals reflected the formalism of the earlier establishment Calvinists fused with the emotive, lay-oriented piety of Methodist and Baptist populists and further shaped by the mass commercialism of an urban setting. What emerged was a businesslike, consumer-sensitive approach to revivals that further blurred the line between revivals and mass evangelism. The unusual numbers of conversions and heightened religious concern that had always characterized revivals became more predictable as evangelicals increasingly employed marketing techniques to reach people in densely populated urban settings.
The Causes of Cause Lawyering: Toward an Understanding of the Motivation and Commitment of Social Justice Lawyers
Authors: Menkel-Meadow Carrie 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
What makes some people want to do “good” with the professional and human tools they are given or develop, rather than use them exclusively for self-interest or the facilitation of evil, oppression, or preservation of the status quo? What is “good” and “evil” in the practice of law? These are questions that have consumed me since long before I went to law school. Indeed, they are part of a deeper human inquiry: why do people choose to do good, do nothing or cause harm? As the child of Holocaust survivors (not camp survivors, just refugee survivors), I have been concerned with questions of good and evil, morality, the rule of law, and human motivation.
Norris, Schmidt, Green, Harris, Higginbotham & Associates: The Sociolegal Import of Philadelphia Cause Lawyers
Authors: Porter Aaron 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter provides an account of how and why the law firm of Norris, Schmidt, Green, Harris, Higginbotham & Associates sought to transform the professional and social fabric in Philadelphia and went on to bring about changes at the federal level, through the legal and political process. This account of the law firm, its practices, and the effect its members had on the larger social milieu of the city supplies an important framework for assessing how “cause lawyers” emerge and impact racial or social inequality with policy implications for the contemporary United States.
Critical Lawyers: Social Justice and the Structures of Private Practice
Authors: Trubek Louise , Kransberger M Elizabeth 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The ideological concepts and institutional structures underlying public interest law are in transition. Since the 1960s, when the conceptual framework and institutional forms of public interest law were developed, academics and practitioners have argued that socially oriented lawyering would and should be carried out primarily in special institutional structures (public interest firms, law school clinics, or legal services offices). They assumed that the private practitioner’s contribution to public interest or social lawyering would be marginal or nonexistent. However, theoretical developments, practitioner experience, and the economic realities of the 1990s are forcing a reconsideration of this now assumed separation between socially conscious lawyering and private practice.
Rethinking Law’s “Allurements”: A Relational Analysis of Social Movement Lawyers in the United States
Authors: Mccann Michael , Silverstein Helena 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Many scholars in recent years have examined the relationship between law and the politics of social reform advocacy in the United States. The bulk of this scholarship has been highly circumspect regarding the progressive potential of legal tactics, legal institutions, and cause lawyers for social reform movements. These critical analyses suggest that, at best, cause lawyers and legal activism tend to be ineffective in advancing progressive reform goals. Many scholars go yet further in arguing that lawyers and legal activism often actually divert movement energies away from radical alternatives, thereby unwittingly reinforcing rather than challenging dominant institutional relations and ideologies. As such, critical legal scholars frequently counsel against reliance on litigation, legal discourse, and legal activists in struggles for social change.
The First Memories of My Childhood
Authors: Aguirre Nataniel , Waisman Sergio Gabriel , Paz-Soldan Alba Maria 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Rosita, the beautiful lacemaker whose memory is still preserved* by some of the old men and women in the Villa de Oropesa** who admired her unusual beauty, the kindness of her character, and the exquisite lacery that her hands produced, was the guardian angel of my blessed childhood. Her motherly affection, tenderness, and solicitude for me were endless, and I always called her by the sweet name of mother” with pleasure and real pride. But she only referred to me as “the child,” except for two or three times in which the word “son” escaped her mouth like an irresistible cry from nature that seemed to tear at her insides in a very cruel manner. We lived alone in a room, or a shop rather, on the border of the Barrio de los Ricos, which today is Sucre, with only two doors: the one that opened out to the street and another little one, merely a half-door, in the corner to the left of the entrance.
Introduction
Authors: Cooper James F 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
IN 1639, John Cotton preached to his Boston congregation on the subject of their relationship to church authority. After addressing a number of issues concerning Congregational church government and lay-clerical relations, Cotton turned to the practical lessons that churchgoers might take from the discourse. Let every man be “studious” of the boundaries the Lord had set around leaders, Cotton urged, for the Bible taught that “if a Church or head of a Church could have done worse, he would have done it:
Introduction
Authors: Nabokov Isabelle 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Religion was not on my agenda when I first went to South India. My plan was to investigate the meanings with which Tamil people invested their pasts, and the area around the trading town of Gingee (Cenci in Tamil) 180 kilometers southwest of Madras seemed a promising fieldsite for this project. This parched wasteland of granite boulders and thorny plants once sustained a sequence of medieval kingdoms with large armies and legendary heroes. I rented a one-time grocery shop in a multicaste village about an hour’s walk from Gingee. Dutifully, I began visiting the fort in Gingee, inquiring about local narratives of its rulers. I collected genealogies, court cases, residential patterns, and agricultural cycles. But after I had pursued this subject for about three months, the direction of my fieldwork changed dramatically.
Painful Crossings
Authors: Nabokov Isabelle 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Suresh was a member of the Tēnpalli caste who cultivated two acres of land that he and his wife owned on the edge of the “forest” (kātu) near the village of Somatur in the South Arcot district of Tamilnadu. Close to fifty years old when we met, he was a handsome man with long hair, which he tied in a knot that hung low down his neck. He would never allow me to photograph him. The life-changing event that made him a “healer” (vaittiyar) took place around 1973. I was plowing my field when something cut my foot. It began to swell up. Like a trident it pierced my foot, but I did not see the trident. This was the first time that Amma came. She came as a trident and pierced my leg. For a month I was sick and unable to eat properly. I did not know what was happening to me until Amma came in my dream in the form of a little girl and told me, “I am with you. Don’t worry, you need not to seek any treatment. I will protect you. Through you I will say kuri. You must do good things for people. ”
Beyond Process and Separation
Authors: Nabokov Isabelle 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Of all the rituals explored in this book, the sacrificial complex of the last chapter is the most violent. It climaxes not with a “funeral ” of past relationships, not with a “beheading “ of a demonic personality, not with a “stamping “ of parental identity on a son’s head, but with a bloody impalement. As we have just seen, such transpiercing is no symbolic enactment, the pig is no mere surrogate victim. The sacrifice is carried through, in all its brutality, upon the sacrificer who dies, if only for a few minutes. What is the rationale for such violent deed? Anthropological Explanations of Sacrifice Very different answers have been given to the question of what motivates human beings to sacrifice an “offering “ to a deity (see surveys by de Heusch 1985; Valeri 1985). One was developed a century ago by Henri Hubert and Marcel Mauss when they analyzed ancient Vedic and Hebrew rituals of sacrifice (1964). We are already familiar with their main premise, for Christopher Fuller’s analysis of Tamil sacrifice reviewed in the last chapter built from it (1987; 1992). But Hubert and Mauss did not limit sacrifice to a matter of entering into, or terminating. contact with the divine; they discerned other forms of communication as well. Based on ancient Sanskrit texts, Hubert and Mauss’s study was nonetheless context sensitive. They noted. for example, that Vedic animal sacrifices “released an ambiguous force or rather a blind one “ (1964: 34). Such observations led them to reject Edward Tylor’s gift theory (1871) according to which a sacrifice was a business transaction of do ut des ( “I give so that you will give in return “) without subjective investments on the part of givers.
High Tide of American Protestantism 1880—1920
Authors: Warren Heather A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Born Between 1888 And 1902, Protestant America’s future theologians grew up in an era of pell-mell industrial expansion and urban reform. In r 869 the railways connected the coasts, extending capital and goods nationwide, creating a boom economy, and giving rise to large corporations. Inspired by the “captains of industry,” typified by Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller, Americans embraced a new model of personal success. Thrift and diligence no longer sufficed as virtues; the ability to mobilize scattered or untapped resources, natural and human, into great wealth became the ideal. While popular utopian novels and Horatio Alger’s “rags to riches” stories equated happiness with leisure and consumption, many individuals cultivated the values of rationality, efficiency, cosmopolitanism, specialization, and, above all, belief in Darwinian progress. These “progressive” Americans shared a sense of being alive in an exceptionally promising time.
The Found Generation 1890—1924
Authors: Warren Heather A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
“YOU’RE ALL A LOST GENERATION,” said Gertrude Stein to Ernest Hemingway in the early 192os. Her remark stuck to the young American writers around her in Paris and by extension to people like them back in the States. But for many others of the younger generation born between 1888 and 1902 it was wrong; thousands not only were not lost but knew they had found themselves and salvation because of their upbringing and involvement in the intercollegiate YMCA and the Student Volunteer Movement (SVM). To them it was the world that was “lost” (or well on the way), and they saw themselves as the ones to save it.
Age of Negativism 1925—1933
Authors: Warren Heather A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
ASSESSING THE AMERICAN Student Christian Movement in December 1927, Henry P. Van Dusen, now a lecturer at Union Theological Seminary in New York, characterized the years since Indianapolis as “the age of negativism.” He and his peers, no longer students, returned from their travel abroad and took up academic appointments at prestigious schools in the Northeast—Union Theological Seminary, Auburn Seminary, Yale. Collectively they knew what they had rejected—liberalism—but had little to offer as an alternative. “We have been clear about the weakness and failures of the Christian Church,” Van Dusen wrote: “[W]e have been quite hazy about any necessary place for the Church in the modern world. We have recognized that the day of old-fashioned missions was past; we have had no conception of what missions in the new day might be.” Such criticism marked the first groping steps toward a theology of international engagement.
From the Center to the Margins 1945—1948
Authors: Warren Heather A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Realist Theologians Had successfully drawn together politics, ecumenism, and theology into a plan of action, but one task remained: to attend to the birth of the World Council of Churches. After the war, however, their influence on the ecumenical movement was blunted as the churches and World Council staff prepared to take over in accord with the World Council constitution drawn up at Utrecht in 1938. The American theologians knew their centrality in the council would be temporary, but nonetheless they gave themselves to the task of bringing it into existence, in the belief that it would be the vehicle to bring the churches’ spiritual power and political influence to bear on the new international order. They set the agenda for the first World Council assembly with this in mind, and then submitted to the transfer of control to the church bureaucracies despite having misgivings about the character of leadership that would result. New voices—especially women’s voices—were calling for a share of the leadership and the intellectual authority to set the movement’s course. Still, the generation who kept together in the Theological Discussion Group had the satisfaction of seeing their intellectual brainchild come to fruition: they had built a consensus that was holding, one broad enough to encompass a diversity of communions yet with a distinct enough mission to give it cohesion. Amid the postwar disorder and chaos in Europe and Asia, they exited as they had entered the scene a quarter of a century earlier, seeking to fulfill what they believed was God’s design: “that they all may be one.”
Robert Grosseteste
Authors: McEvoy James 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this book, James McEvoy provides a brief, accessible introduction to the thought of Robert Grosseteste (c.1168-1253). Grosseteste was the initiator of the English scientific tradition, one of the first chancellors of Oxford University, and a famous teacher and commentator on the newly discovered works of Aristotle. Despite his importance, very little of his work is available in English. McEvoy translates into English brief passages from Grosseteste’s own writings which are of central importance to his thought and builds around them the first general, inclusive overview of the entire range of Grosseteste’s intellectual achievement.
The Myth of the Proto-Reformer
Authors: McEvoy James 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Grosseteste was remembered in the England of after 1500 or so in two lights, which were not unrelated to each other: as a powerful preacher of the word and as a critic of papal provisions to English benefices. This dyptych represents the most enduring strand of the English historical memory concerning his life and achievements. The conviction that he had taken a bold stance in defense of the liberties of the English Church against Roman interference and curial venality may be said to have become, as a recent writer has put it, “a standard part of the repertory of English ecclesiastical and national history.” The historiographical examination of the growth of this myth shows how, upon a medieval substrate contemporary with Grosseteste himself(the chronicle of Matthew Paris, essentially), layer after layer of significance was in succeeding centuries heaped upon his Memorandum of 1250 and his Letter to Master Innocent (Ep. 128; 1253). These overlaid meanings can be peeled off again one by one, by the application of the historian’s tools, in the interests of an unbiased assessment of what Grosseteste actually thought, said, wrote, and did. The gain to the study of his life and activities promises to be a considerable one. The same exercise may prove to be of indirect benefit to the assessment of his academic and literary achievements, since for too long now the red herring of myth has unduly diverted attention from his stature within the intellectual movement of his own times and made him appear in an unfairly marginal or even eccentric light.
Personal Theological Stamp
Authors: McEvoy James 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Did Grosseteste reach a rounded, strategic view of his subject? Several considerations are relevant when attempting to do justice to this question and to his achievements in theology themselves. In what follows the attempt will be made above all to discern the quality and individual bent of his mind.
Grosseteste taught essentially from the Bible, clarifying its books through questions that arose from the text, and expounding both literal and spiritual senses in ways conducive to devotion and preaching. In his stock of knowledge concerning the text and the meaning of the Scriptures, as well as in his acquaintance with the Christian exegetical tradition, he surpassed those of his Latin contemporaries who are known to us, in virtue of his access to the Greek text {of both Old and New Testaments), as well as to the Greek commentarial tradition. His reading included most of the stockin-trade of the theologians at Paris (the Sentences of Peter Lombard; the Historia scholastica of Peter Comestor; the Ordinary Gloss).
Why Is Aseneth a Woman?
Authors: Wolff Christian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Although the protagonist of Aseneth is most certainly a woman and although tales of exemplary women are hardly the norm in the corpus of Hellenistic Jewish literature, until very recently studies of Aseneth have given little consideration to issues of gender. This statement, I should note, should hardly be taken as a tacit concession that Aseneth is Jewish—I frame my observation in this way primarily because other scholars consider it such. Yet what significance, if any, attaches to Aseneth’s gender in these tales? Or to phrase it slightly differently, when is a text about a woman a text about a woman?