bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ambient PM25 Plus High‐Fat Diet Exacerbated Kidney Injury in Mice by Activating Ferroptosis Mediated TGF‐β1/Smad2 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Zhu Yingling , Jiang Jinjin , Zhou Lina , Zhuang Xun 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is on the rise globally, posing a significant public health concern. Numerous studies have indicated that the consumption of a high‐fat diet (HFD) can lead to renal injury, a condition closely linked to CKD. Additionally, research has shown that exposure to ambient PM2.5 is associated with an increased risk of CKD, suggesting that PM2.5 may serve as an environmental risk factor for CKD. However, the synergistic impact of PM2.5 and HFD on renal injury remains poorly understood. Therefore, the objective of our study was to investigate the combined effect of PM2.5 and HFD on renal injury. Male C57BL/6J mice were subjected to a 12‐week feeding regimen of either a normal diet or a HFD, while also being exposed to either saline or ambient PM2.5 through intratracheal instillation twice a week. Evaluation of renal function demonstrated that the HFD significantly elevated levels of serum blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine. Furthermore, the combination of PM2.5 and HFD exhibited a synergistic effect, exacerbating the aforementioned indicators of kidney injury. Masson's trichrome staining revealed that both the HFD and/or PM2.5 induced renal fibrosis, with PM2.5 exacerbating the HFD‐induced renal fibrosis in the mice. In this study, Western blot analysis was conducted to examine the protein expressions of TGF‐β1 and p‐Smad2 in kidney tissues, which were found to be significantly increased in response to a HFD and/or exposure to PM2.5. Additionally, the impact of PM2.5 combined with HFD on renal ferroptosis was investigated. The results revealed that both HFD and PM2.5 led to an elevation in 4‐HNE concentration, a reduction in GSH content, a decrease in GPX4 protein expression, and an increase in ACSL4 protein expression in kidney tissues. Moreover, the combined exposure to PM2.5 and HFD exhibited a synergistic effect on GPX4 alterations in the kidney. Collectively, our findings suggest that the presence of PM2.5 exacerbates the renal injury, oxidative stress, and renal fibrosis induced by a HFD. This detrimental effect may be attributed to the activation of the ferroptosis‐mediated TGF‐β1/Smad2 signaling pathway.
Synergistic modification of Cu3V2O8 nanosheeta photoelectrodes with NiFe and NiOx for efficient and ultra‐stable photoelectrochemical water oxidation
Authors: Wang Zhiqiang , Dong Wenxuan , Su Jinzhan 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe design and development of environmentally friendly, efficient, and stable photoelectrodes are crucial for advancing photoelectrochemical (PEC) water‐splitting technology.RESULTSIn this study, we report a novel strategy for the preparation of copper vanadate (Cu3V2O8) nanosheet arrays using a low‐temperature solution method. Notably, this is the first instance of directly growing Cu3V2O8 nanosheet arrays on FTO (fluorine‐doped tin oxide) conductive glass. The morphology of the developed nanosheet arrays offers a larger specific surface area and improved bulk charge separation efficiency, which are desirable characteristics for PEC water‐splitting applications. To further enhance the stability and PEC performance of the Cu3V2O8 nanosheets, a synergistic modification strategy was employed. This approach involved the deposition of an NiOx passivation layer and the incorporation of an NiFe co‐catalyst. The synergistic modification strategy significantly improved the PEC performance and stability of the Cu3V2O8 nanosheet arrays. The modified photoelectrode achieved an impressive photocurrent of 0.67 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V versus a reversible hydrogen electrode and demonstrated stability for over 80 h of operation.CONCLUSIONThis work provides a new, low‐cost, and effective strategy for the preparation of efficient and stable photoelectrodes for PEC water splitting, which is a crucial step towards the development of environmentally friendly and sustainable energy technologies. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Evaluation of Objective Structured Clinical Examination‐assessed Competence and perceived confidence in oral surgery among final‐year undergraduate students
Authors: Albannaa Rasha , Almela Thafar 
Published: January 2025

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate dental students’ competencies and self‐confidence in performing common oral surgical procedures. It further aimed to assess potential correlations among levels of competence and confidence with student gender.MethodsFinal‐year undergraduate students from Mosul Dental School in Iraq were enrolled in a summative Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) to assess their competence in core skills and knowledge in oral surgery (OS). The students were also invited to participate in the ABAOMS self‐assessment questionnaire to assess self‐perceived confidence in performing OS procedures. Gender correlation with competence and confidence was computed via the Pearson Chi‐square test (p ≤ 0.05).ResultsA total of 272 students were evaluated for OS competence. Students’ highest competence was in dental anatomy (91.1%), while history‐taking and tooth extraction scored the highest failure levels (56.1%) and (39.1%), respectively. For self‐confidence, students felt adequately prepared to carry out several clinical procedures although they indicated low confidence in performing minimally practiced procedures. No significant correlation was detected in the total confidence versus competence except for the management of post‐extraction complications. Results also showed no significant correlation between students’ competence‐confidence‐gender; except for the administration of local anesthesia among females (p‐value 0.007 ≤0.01).ConclusionThe findings of this study show that the competence and self‐perceived confidence of final‐year students were generally satisfactory for a range of clinical and affective skills. However, several areas of weakness were identified which underscore the need for modification of the current curriculum to improve the preparedness of undergraduate dental students as safe beginners in OS.
Benefits of HIV‐1 transmission cluster surveillance: a French retrospective observational study of the molecular and epidemiological co‐evolution of recent circulating recombinant forms 94 and 132
Authors: Wirden Marc , Tombette Fabienne , Lambert‐Niclot Sidonie , Chaix Marie‐Laure , Marque‐Juillet Stéphanie , Bouvier‐Alias Magali , Roquebert Benedicte , Machado Moise , Avettand‐Fenoel Veronique , Gantner Pierre , Alidjinou Enagnon Kazali , Stefic Karl , Plantier Jean‐Christophe , Calvez Vincent , Descamps Diane , Marcelin Anne‐Genevieve , Visseaux Benoit ,   the ANRS‐MIE resistance study group
Published: January 2025

AbstractIntroductionMolecular surveillance is an important tool for detecting chains of transmission and controlling the HIV epidemic. This can also improve our knowledge of molecular and epidemiological factors for the optimization of prevention. Our objective was to illustrate this by studying the molecular and epidemiological evolution of the cluster including the new circulating recombinant form (CRF) 94_cpx of HIV‐1, detected in 2017 and targeted by preventive actions in 2018.MethodsIn June 2022, 32 HIV‐1 sequence databases from French laboratories were screened to identify all individuals who had acquired CRF94_cpx or a similar strain, whatever the date of diagnosis. Phylogenetic analyses were performed with the sequences identified, and biological parameters were collected at the time of diagnosis and after the start of treatment to analyse the evolution of the cluster. Full genomes were sequenced to characterize the new strains.ResultsWe analysed 98 HIV‐1 isolates: 63 were CRF94, three were unclassifiable, and the other 32 formed a new cluster containing a new recombinant, CRF132_94B, derived from CRF94 and a subtype B strain. At least 95% of the individuals in both the CRF94 and CRF132 clusters were men who have sex with men (MSM), most of whom had acquired HIV less than 12 months before diagnosis. The number of CRF94 diagnoses declined drastically after 2018, but CRF132 strains spread widely between 2020 and 2022, into a different area of Ile‐de‐France region and within a younger population nevertheless aware of pre‐exposure prophylaxis. Higher viraemia, lower CD4 cell counts and delayed treatment efficacy suggested that CRF94 was more virulent than CRF132, possibly due to the F subtype fragment of the vif gene.ConclusionsThese findings highlight the role of the MSM transmission cluster in spreading HIV and new variants. They show also the benefits of cluster surveillance for improving the targeting of preventive interventions, detecting the emergence of new strains and enriching our knowledge on virulence mechanisms. However, these investigations require support with sufficient resources dedicated to a regional or national programme to be responsive and effective.
Soil Health Assessment of Incorporating Bagasse in a Commercial Sugarcane Production System on Mineral Soils
Authors: Xu Nan , Bhadha Jehangir H. , Rabbany Abul , Swanson Stewart , McCray James M. , Li Yuncong , Strauss Sarah L. , Mylavarapu Rao S. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundBagasse is a locally derived sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) by‐product, which has the potential to improve the soil health of mineral soils.AimsThis study aimed to determine the effects of bagasse on the soil health of an Entisol in Southern Florida.MethodsA field experiment was conducted on a commercial sugarcane production farm for approximately 4 years, where four rates of bagasse, including 5 cm bagasse (85 Mg ha−1), 10 cm bagasse (170 Mg ha−1), 10 cm bagasse (170 Mg ha−1) plus 336 kg ha−1 ammonium nitrate, and one control (no bagasse), were incorporated into 15 cm topsoil. Soil health indicators, including bulk density (BD), water‐holding capacity (WHC), soil pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), organic matter (OM), active carbon (C), soil protein, and nutrient contents—nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K)—were evaluated.ResultsA single application of bagasse at 170 Mg ha−1 or 170 Mg ha−1 plus 336 kg ha−1 ammonium nitrate had positive short‐term effects on OM accumulation in soils, resulting in higher WHC and lower BD. Bagasse also significantly decreased soil pH, which is good for sugarcane production on alkaline soils. Soil CEC, Mehlich‐3 P and K levels, active C, and soil protein enhanced when bagasse was applied at 170 Mg ha−1 or 170 Mg ha−1 plus 336 kg ha−1 ammonium nitrate, which indicated an improvement of the overall soil chemical and biological health status.Conclusions10 cm of bagasse (170 Mg ha−1) was recommended as a soil organic amendment for mineral soils in Southern Florida.
Molecular docking‐guided in‐depth investigation of the biological activities and phytochemical and mineral profiles of endemic Phlomis capitata
Authors: İzol Ebubekir 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBACKGROUNDPhlomis capitata is an endemic species of flowering aromatic and medicinal plant in the family Lamiaceae, native to regions of the Mediterranean and nearby areas. Understanding the chemical compounds present in P. capitata can reveal potential medicinal properties. The present study examines the quantification of bioactive phytochemicals, antioxidant capacity and enzyme inhibitory evaluation of P. capitata extract against key enzymes involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's, diabetes mellitus, epilepsy and glaucoma for the first time. The mechanisms of enzyme inhibition activity of the predominant compounds in extract were also interpreted by molecular docking studies. Chemical characterization of the extract was performed by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) (phytochemical profile) and inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (mineral composition) analysis. Furthermore, the binding interactions of major phytochemicals with all enzymes were investigated by molecular docking studies.RESULTSLC‐MS/MS analysis of the P. capitata revealed the identification of 19 compounds predominated by quinic acid (4.883 mg g−1), followed by chlorogenic acid (4.36 mg g−1), vanilic acid (3.405 mg g−1), naringenin (2.571 mg g−1) and cyranoside (1.101 mg g−1). It was determined that the mineral element was rich (K, Ca, Al and Mg) and did not exceed the toxicity limits. The P. capitata extract demonstrated remarkable antioxidant activities in the order: 2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid (IC50: 20.533 μg mL−1) < 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (IC50: 23.151 μg mL−1) < N,N‐dimethyl‐p‐phenylenediamine (IC50: 45.221 μg mL−1) and cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (0.889 μg mL−1) < Fe3+ reducing (0.969 μg mL−1) < ferric reducing antioxidant potency (0.974 μg mL−1). Moreover, of all the enzyme inhibitory assays (acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, α‐amylase, α‐glucosidase, and human carbonic anhydrases I and II), the extract showed outstanding inhibitory activities (IC50 values of 3.26, 7.15, 6.15, 6.81, 15.21 and 11.93 μg mL−1, respectively).CONCLUSIONIn summary, the findings show that P. capitata is a versatile raw material that can be used in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industries to develop products that promote health. © 2025 The Author(s). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
High failure rate in meniscal repair when preceding anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: An analysis of two‐stage surgery for concomitant ACL injury and traumatic meniscus tear
Authors: López Personat Adolfo , Cristiani Riccardo , Stålman Anders , Wänman Johan , Von Essen Christoffer 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the failure rate, predictive factors associated with failure and clinical outcomes after a two‐stage surgery; meniscus repair followed by subsequent anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR).MethodsPatients with a concomitant traumatic meniscus tear and ACL injury who underwent a two‐stage surgery between January 2015 and January 2021 were identified. The primary outcome was meniscal repair failure, defined as a reoperation (re‐repair or resection). A Cox‐regression analysis was used in order to analyse factors associated with meniscal repair failure within 3 years after the primary surgery for a meniscal repair. Secondary outcomes were range of motion (ROM), anterior knee laxity and the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) at 1‐ and 2‐year follow‐up. The thresholds of patient acceptable symptom state (PASS), treatment failure (TF) and minimum important change (MIC) were applied to KOOS4 (mean score of the KOOS Pain, Symptoms, Sports/Rec and QoL subscales).ResultsA total of 150 patients were included. The meniscal repair failure rate after 3 years was 36.7%. Failure of meniscal repair was significantly associated with a time interval >1 year between the meniscal repair to the ACLR (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.5; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.2–5.5; p < 0.01), medial meniscus repair (HR = 2.3; 95% CI = 1.6–3.4; P < 0.01), and female sex (HR = 1.42; 95% CI = 1.0–1.9; p = 0.01). The age of the patient was not associated with meniscal repair failure. At the 6‐month follow‐up, most patients (72.5%) showed less than 2 mm of knee laxity; four patients (6.7%) experienced loss of extension and four patients (1.7%) experienced loss of flexion. On the KOOS4, at the 2‐year follow‐up, PASS was achieved in 53.4%, TF occurred in 1.7%, and MIC was reached in 36.4% of patients.ConclusionThe meniscus repair failure rate after the staged procedure was 36.7% at 3 years. A longer time interval from meniscal repair to ACLR, medial meniscus repair, and female sex were associated with an increased risk of meniscal repair failure. Age was not associated with meniscal repair failure.Level of EvidenceLevel IV case series retrospective study.
Empowering Communities: A Low‐Cost Approach to Land and Water Management in Developing Countries
Authors: Singh Nitin , Hazarika Angshuman , Zhang Justin Zuopeng , Bilan Yuriy 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAccess to water is fundamental for life, yet many citizens in developing countries face severe water shortages, exacerbated by recurring droughts, particularly in water‐stressed regions. Street‐level bureaucrats in these areas encounter the dual challenge of addressing local residents' expectations for relief while operating with constrained resources. This study examines the innovative efforts of local bureaucrats in Banda, a drought‐prone and underdeveloped district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, to promote rainwater harvesting and water conservation. By leveraging limited discretionary funds and engaging local stakeholders, these initiatives have demonstrated significant positive impacts. Using on‐ground visits and official government data, the study evaluates the effects of these efforts on groundwater levels, agricultural productivity, and related indicators. Findings reveal substantial improvements, including higher groundwater levels, increased agricultural yields, and enhanced water availability for sanitation needs. This research highlights the pivotal role of water conservation initiatives driven by street‐level bureaucrats in fostering economic growth and environmental sustainability. The insights from Banda offer valuable lessons for policymakers and bureaucrats in similarly resource‐constrained settings in developing countries striving to ensure water access and resilience against drought.
Impacts of the Ecosystem Transformation in Red Jujube Commercial Forests on the Soil Organic Carbon Sources and Stability in the Lvliang Mountains
Authors: Wang Hui , Mu Chunheng , Li Jiaqi , Sun Lin , Wang Gailing 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTSoil organic carbon (SOC) stabilization is vital for the mitigation of global climate change and retention of soil carbon stocks. The Loess Plateau is a crucial ecological zone in China and even worldwide for major ecosystem protection. However, in the Loess Plateau, there are knowledge gaps about the response of SOC sources and stabilization to different ecological transitions of jujube economic forests. Therefore, our study used clean‐cultivated jujube orchards as a control (CK) and selected five main ecosystem transformation models of abandoned jujube orchards on Lvliang Mountain: abandoned farmland (AF), replanted with Astragalus‐Bupleurum (AB), replanted with alfalfa (AL), replanted with Chinese pine (CP), and replanted with Chinese arborvitae (PO). The soil properties, sources and physical fractions of organic carbon and their correlations in the 0‐ to 20‐cm soil layer at each sample site were analyzed. The results show that the ecosystem transformation significantly increased the SOC by affecting plant‐ and microbe‐derived carbon and altering its components. Different treatments have varying impacts on the SOC content. The lignin phenol (VSC) content in the soils in the five ecosystem transformation models was greater than that in the CK and had the following ranking: CP > AL > PO > AF > AB (p < 0.05). The ecosystem transformation also significantly increased the soil total amino sugar (TAS) content, microbial residue carbon (MRC), and its contribution to organic carbon. Additionally, it promoted the accumulation of particulate organic carbon (POC) and mineral‐associated organic carbon (MAOC) and positively impacted the carbon stability. Among the five ecosystem transformation models, CP had the greatest impact on lignin phenols, amino sugars, SOC content, and stability, whereas AF and AB contributed the least to SOC. The results of this study provide a scientific basis to assess and select optimal transformation modes for the ecosystem transformation of commercial jujube forests.
Impact of Anti‐Fatigue Floor Mat on Surgical Staff Comfort Levels in Head and Neck Surgery Cases
Authors: Jacey Elliott B. S. , Acharya Pawan , Queimado Lurdes , Zhao Daniel , Greene Wesley , Krempl Greg , Mhawej Rachad 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveMusculoskeletal symptoms are common among surgical staff and can have long‐term implications on health and wellbeing. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of anti‐fatigue floor mat on the comfort level of surgical teams during head and neck surgeries lasting ≥ 3 h.MethodsOver 4 months, we prospectively randomized 34 major (≥ 3 h) head and neck procedures to the use or not of an anti‐fatigue floor mat. Anonymous questionnaires measured the comfort levels in different subjects including the surgeons, assistant surgeons, and surgical scrub technicians (n = 57). Subjects completed questionnaires before, immediately after, and one day after surgery. Variables collected included demographics, overall discomfort level, overall energy level, discomfort level in different body parts, number of breaks taken during the case, time since last physical exercise, and frequency of physical exercise. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) technique was used for data analysis.ResultsThe group that used anti‐fatigue floor mats reported lower increases in discomfort from pre‐op to immediately post‐op and 24 h post‐op compared to the group that did not (p = 0.009 and p < 0.001). Participants who used the mats reported significant lower levels of pain in the ankles and feet, knees, and shoulders immediately post‐op compared to participants who did not. Participants who used the mats reported lower increases in discomfort in their back, hips, knees, neck, and shoulders from pre‐op to post‐op.ConclusionsUsing anti‐fatigue floor mats during surgery is an effective and low‐cost intervention to decrease the musculoskeletal symptoms experienced by the surgical team.Level of Evidence2.
Eddy dipole differentially influences particle‐associated and water column protistan community composition
Authors: Beatty Jennifer L. , Stewart Brittany P. , Mesrop Lisa Y. , DeLong Edward F. , Karl David M. , Caron David A. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractOcean eddies are mesoscale features that can extend > 100 km and maintain cohesiveness for months, impacting planktonic community structure and water column biogeochemical cycles. Standing stocks of protists in the water column and on sinking particles were investigated using microscopy, in situ imagery, and metabarcoding across an anticyclonic to cyclonic eddy dipole in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre during July 2017. The water column was sampled from the surface to 500 m and particle interceptor traps were deployed at 150 m. Protistan assemblage composition varied substantially between sample type and analytical approach across the eddy dipole. Alveolates represented 63% of sequences from water samples. In contrast to water samples, rhizarian protists represented 79% of trap sequences obtained by metabarcoding of sediment trap material. Microscopy of trap material supported the important contribution of Rhizaria to sinking particles and revealed increased relative abundances of ciliates in the anticyclonic eddy and diatoms in the cyclonic eddy. In situ imagery confirmed the presence of relatively large Rhizaria that were not adequately assessed from water samples but contributed significantly to particle flux. Together, these data demonstrate differing perspectives of planktonic protistan community composition and contributions to sinking particles gained from the application of different sampling and analytic approaches. Our observations and analyses indicate a specific subset of the protistan community contributed disproportionately to organic matter downward export.