bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High prevalence of unrecognized chronic kidney disease in the Lolland-Falster Health Study: a population-based study in a rural provincial area of Denmark
Authors: Mannheimer Ebba , Buus Jørgensen Morten , Hommel Kristine , Kamper Anne-Lise , Jepsen Randi , Rasmussen Knud , Thygesen Lau Caspar , Feldt-Rasmussen Bo , Hornum Mads 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects 10–15% globally and is a marked independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Prevalence estimations are essential for public health planning and implementation of CKD treatment strategies. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and stages of CKD in the population-based Lolland-Falster Health Study, set in a rural provincial area with the lowest socioeconomic status in Denmark. Additionally, the study characterized participants with CKD, evaluated the overall disease recognition, including the awareness of CKD and compared it with other common conditions. Cross-sectional data were obtained from clinical examinations, biochemical analyses, and questionnaires. CKD was defined as albuminuria (urine albumin–creatinine ratio ≥30 mg/g), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) &lt;60 ml/min/1.73 m², or by a diagnosis in the National Patient Register. Patient awareness was assessed by self-reported CKD, and overall disease recognition by either a registered hospital diagnosis or self-reported CKD. Among 16 097 adults (median age 58.6 years), CKD prevalence was 18.0% (n = 2903), with 70.1% identified by albuminuria, 28.4% by reduced eGFR, and 1.5% by a registered diagnosis alone. Of those with CKD, 98.8% had stages 1–3 (eGFR ≥30 ml/min/1.73 m²), and 1.2% had stages 4–5 (eGFR &lt;30 ml/min/1.73 m²). Female sex, comorbidities, smoking, and low socioeconomic parameters were independently associated with CKD. Patient awareness of CKD was 4.4%, compared to &gt;50% for hypertension and &gt;80% for diabetes, and the overall CKD recognition (self-reported or registered diagnosis) was 7.1%. Thus, in this population-based study, CKD was highly prevalent but poorly recognized, indicating great potential for preventing CKD progression and related complications.
The economic burden of smoking in Belgium: incremental healthcare costs and lost productivity
Authors: Vynckier Pieter , Schmidt Masja , Nayani Sarah , Guariguata Leonor , Devleesschauwer Brecht , Verhaeghe Nick 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Tobacco use is among the leading behavioural risk factors for morbidity and mortality. These high rates result in a high cost to society. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to provide a contemporary overview of the direct medical and indirect costs attributable to smoking tobacco in Belgium. Data from the Belgian Health Interview Survey (BHIS) was combined with health insurance claims data. Healthcare costs were calculated on individuals’ cigarette smoking patterns (daily, former, and never smokers). Lost productivity costs were calculated by multiplying the number of absence days by the national average wage cost per day. Univariate and multivariable regression analyses with negative binomial distribution and log link were performed to evaluate the average healthcare costs and indirect costs in relation to tobacco use, socio-demographic characteristics, and (behavioural) risk factors. A total of 10 829 individuals were included in the analyses, of which 47.7% were men, with 15% being smokers. Men were more likely to be smokers than women (56.8% vs. 43.2%; P &lt; 0.001). Compared to never smokers, significantly higher direct medical costs were found for daily (20%; P = 0.03) and former smokers (27%; P &lt; 0.001). No significant differences were observed for the indirect costs for the smoking population compared to never smokers. Taking into account that 15% of the Belgian population were daily smokers in 2018, the national cost for daily smokers equates to €533.861.010. Results of our study show that cigarette smoking has higher direct medical costs compared with never smokers.
Excess healthcare utilization and costs linked to chronic conditions: a comparative study of nine European countries
Authors: Polanco Boris , Oña Ana , Gemperli Armin , Pacheco Barzallo Diana 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The increasing prevalence of chronic conditions is a significant challenge for healthcare systems worldwide, not only from a public health perspective but also for the aggregate cost that these represent. This paper estimates the additional use of healthcare services due to chronic health conditions and their associated costs in nine European countries. We analyzed inpatient and outpatient healthcare utilization using longitudinal data (Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe [SHARE]). We implemented a difference-in-differences approach across multiple time periods. Monetary estimates were derived using WHO-CHOICE healthcare service costs. To compare countries, we calculated the healthcare cost burden of chronic conditions as a percentage of total health expenditure. People with chronic conditions require significantly more healthcare services than those without such conditions, averaging three additional outpatient visits and one extra overnight inpatient stay annually. These patterns vary across countries. In Germany, outpatient care usage is particularly high, with an average of four additional visits, while Switzerland leads in inpatient care with two extra overnight stays. The associated costs also differ widely, influenced by variations in healthcare demand, service pricing, and the prevalence of chronic conditions in each country. Chronic conditions significantly increase healthcare utilization, and demographic trends suggest this demand will continue to grow steadily. This rising pressure poses serious challenges for healthcare systems, necessitating a shift toward more efficient service delivery models.
Using feedback in pooled experiments augmented with imputation for high genotyping accuracy at reduced cost
Authors: Clouard Camille , Nettelblad Carl 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Conducting genomic selection (GS) in plant breeding programs can substantially speed up the development of new varieties. GS provides more reliable insights when it is based on dense marker data, in which the rare variants can be particularly informative. Despite the availability of new technologies, the cost of large-scale genotyping remains a major limitation to the implementation of GS. We suggest to combine pooled genotyping with population-based imputation as a cost-effective computational strategy for genotyping SNPs. Pooling saves genotyping tests and has proven to accurately capture the rare variants that are usually missed by imputation. In this study, we investigate adding iterative coupling to a joint model of pooling and imputation that we have previously proposed. In each iteration, the imputed genotype probabilities serve as feedback input for adjusting the per-sample prior genotype probabilities, before running a new imputation based on these adjusted data. This flexible setup indirectly imposes consistency between the imputed genotypes and the pooled observations. We demonstrate that repeated cycles of feedback can take advantage of the strengths in both pooling and imputation when an appropriate set of reference haplotypes is available for imputation. The iterations improve greatly upon the initial genotype predictions, achieving very high genotype accuracy for both low- and high-frequency variants. We enhance the average concordance from 94.5% to 98.4% at limited computational cost and without requiring any additional genotype testing.
Defining a novel DYRK1A-gp130/IL-6R-pSTAT axis that regulates Th17 differentiation
Authors: Malueg Matthew , Moo Keagan G , Arnett Azlann , Edwards Thomas H , Ruskin Susan L , Lambert Katharina , Subramanyam Aditi , Dufort Matthew J , Gersuk Vivian H , Partridge Rebecca , Buckner Jane H , Khor Bernard 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Dysregulated differentiation of naïve CD4+ T cells into T helper 17 (Th17) cells is likely a key factor predisposing to many autoimmune diseases. Therefore, better understanding how Th17 differentiation is regulated is essential to identify novel therapeutic targets and strategies to identify individuals at high risk of developing autoimmunity. Here, we extend our prior work using chemical inhibitors to provide mechanistic insight into a novel regulator of Th17 differentiation, the kinase dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A). We generated a conditional knockout mouse model to validate DYRK1A as a regulator of Th17 differentiation that acts in a dose-dependent fashion at least in part by modulating interleukin (IL)-6 signaling through multiple mechanisms. We identified a new role for DYRK1A in regulating surface expression of IL-6 receptor subunits in naïve CD4+ T cells, consistent with DYRK1A’s impact on Th17 differentiation. Physiologic relevance is supported by findings in people with Down syndrome, in which increased expression of DYRK1A, encoded on chromosome 21, is linked to increased IL-6 responsiveness. Our findings highlight DYRK1A as a druggable target of broad therapeutic and prognostic interest in autoimmunity and immune function.
Metagenomic analyses of gut microbiome composition and function with age in a wild bird; little change, except increased transposase gene abundance
Authors: Lee Chuen Zhang , Worsley Sarah F , Davies Charli S , Silan Ece , Burke Terry , Komdeur Jan , Hildebrand Falk , Dugdale Hannah L , Richardson David S 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Studies on wild animals, mostly undertaken using 16S metabarcoding, have yielded ambiguous evidence regarding changes in the gut microbiome (GM) with age and senescence. Furthermore, variation in GM function has rarely been studied in such wild populations, despite GM metabolic characteristics potentially being associated with host senescent declines. Here, we used 7 years of repeated sampling of individuals and shotgun metagenomic sequencing to investigate taxonomic and functional changes in the GM of Seychelles warblers (Acrocephalus sechellensis) with age. Our results suggest that taxonomic GM species richness declines with age and in the terminal year, with this terminal decline occurring consistently across all ages. Taxonomic and functional GM composition also shifted with host age. However, the changes we identified occurred linearly with age (or even mainly during early years prior to the onset of senescence in this species) with little evidence of accelerated change in later life or during their terminal year. Therefore, the results suggest that changes in the GM with age are not linked to senescence. Interestingly, we found a significant increase in the abundance of a group of transposase genes with age, which may accumulate passively or due to increased transposition induced as a result of stressors that arise with age. These findings reveal taxonomic and functional GM changes with age, but not senescence, in a wild vertebrate and provide a blueprint for future wild functional GM studies linked to age and senescence.
O01 Rapid respiratory microbiological POCTs and antibiotic use in primary care: the RAPID-TEST RCT
Authors: Hay Alastair , Abbs Samantha , Ridd Matthew , Granier Stephen , Lane Athene , Muir Peter , Taylor Jodi , Young Grace , Eastwood Kathy , Dash Hayly , Bradshaw Lynne , Clarke Rebecca , Lui Mandy , Bridgeman Emma , Brierley Rachel , Brown Emily , Thornton Hannah , Yardley Lucy , Metcalfe Chris 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Antibiotics are prescribed for over 50% of RTIs in primary care, despite good evidence most patients do not benefit. Rapid multiplex microbiological point-of-care-tests (POCTRM) determine the presence/ absence of respiratory pathogens in 15 min. Whether POCTRM reduce antibiotic prescribing without worsening patient outcomes is not known.

Objectives
To investigate whether POCTRM can (i) reduce same-day antibiotic prescribing for children and adults presenting to primary care with RTIs; and (ii) change symptom severity on Days 2 to 4.

Methods
Patients 12+ months with a RTI where the clinician and/or patient believed antibiotic treatment was, or may have been necessary, presenting to 16 GP practices in SW England. Patients individually randomized to BioFire® FilmArray® Torch 1 testing for 19 viruses and four atypical bacteria; or usual care.

Results
Recruitment opened December 2022 and ended April 2024. A total of 552 participants were randomized: 63% female; 86% aged 16+ years; 95% self-reported white ethnicity; 26% had chronic lung disease; 5% reported a temperature &gt;38°C; 14% reported tachycardia (age-adjusted); 8% reported tachypnoea (age-adjusted); 1% had oxygen saturation &lt;94%. Ninety-five percent provided a dual throat and nasal swab, and clinician diagnoses included: acute cough (17%); common cold (14%); acute pharyngitis/ tonsillitis (13%); acute lower RTI (11%); chest infection (9%); sore throat (9%); and infective exacerbation of chronic lung disease (7%). Outcome data completeness: 548 (99%) with antibiotic prescribing; 414 (76%) with Day 2 to 4 symptom severity.

Conclusions
Full results will be available for conference. This globally original RCT will provide important evidence regarding the role of rapid multiplex microbiological point-of-care-tests in primary care.
A novel detoxification strategy of Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) to dimethoate based on gut microbiota research
Authors: Tian Chao , Tang Jie , Zhu Qingyu , Guo Xiqian , Shu Qilong , Gu Zhiya , Li Fanchi , Li Bing 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Bombyx mori (L.) (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) is an important economic insect, and Exorista sorbillans (W.) (Diptera: Tachinidae) is an endoparasitic pest of larval B. mori. Dimethoate is less toxic to B. mori than E. sorbillans and is used in sericulture to controlling E. sorbillans. To investigate the effects of dimethoate treatment on the gut microorganisms and physiological functions of B. mori, 16S rRNA sequencing was used to analyzed the composition and structure of the gut microbiota. This study investigated their role in enhancing silkworm resistance by screening dominant populations after dimethoate treatment. The results indicated that dimethoate did not alter the composition of the dominant gut bacterial groups in silkworm; however, it significantly increased the abundance of the gut bacteria Methylobacterium and Aureimonas, and decreased the abundance of Enterobacterales, Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Collinsella, Faecalibacterium, and Prevotella. Eleven strains of dimethoate-resistant bacteria were selected through in vitro culture, all of which were unable to grow when dimethoate was used as a carbon source. Additionally, a germ-free silkworm model was established to assess detoxifying enzyme activity in the midgut. The results revealed that the gut symbiotic microbiota can enhance dimethoate resistance by increasing detoxification enzyme activity. This study identifies a novel pathway for silkworm resistance to dimethoate based on gut microbiota, providing new insights into the role of symbiotic gut bacteria in insecticide metabolism.
Accommodating family diversity and social parenthood within constitutional conservatism: A comparative analysis of Irish and Polish Law
Authors: Harding Maebh , Pawliczak Jakub 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Recognition of family diversity in Polish law is limited. Many children are cared for by adults to whom they are legally strangers but who act as social parents. In contrast, Ireland has recently extended the definition of legal parentage to include LGBT+ families and has allowed social parents to become legal guardians of children. In both jurisdictions, tensions arise between conservative constitutional framing of the family and constitutional protection of respect for family life and the rights of children. The authors assert that the law should prioritise the best interests of the child in a functioning family where circumstances so require, even at the cost of infringing the traditional rights or status of the birth parents. This requires flexibility in legal provisions determining parentage and allocation of parental responsibilities and rights. Ideally, family law should directly recognize connections between children and their caregivers, regardless of biological relationship or the structure of the family in which they live. As a first step, recognizing social parenthood through established hierarchies of legal caregivers, as Irish law has done, is a good model for Poland to follow as a politically safe way to embrace diversity in family law.
Positive sputum fungal culture, fungal sensitisation, and airway microbial diversity in asthmatic children
Authors: Seear Paul J , Welsh Kathryn G , Satchwell Jack , Patel Deepa , Pashley Catherine H , Wardlaw Andrew J , Gaillard Erol A 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Sensitisation to thermotolerant fungi such as Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida albicans, which can colonise the airways, is associated with poor lung function in children with asthma. Dysbiosis of bacteria and fungi in the airway microbiome has been reported between health and asthma but has yet to be characterised for fungal-sensitised asthmatic children. We investigated if microbial diversity of the airways is altered in fungal-sensitised school-age asthmatic children. Sputum samples from children with asthma who were fungal sensitised (n = 22) and non-fungal sensitised (n = 17) along with children without asthma (n = 15), aged 5–16 years were profiled by traditional microbiological culture, modified fungal culture, bacterial 16S, and fungal ITS2 next-generation sequencing. Microbiota were compared between groups using alpha/beta diversity and differential abundance analysis. Bacterial alpha diversity was significantly lower in asthma compared to disease controls and in stable compared to acute asthma. Fungal alpha and beta diversity did not change between asthma states and disease controls, but alpha diversity was significantly lower in asthma samples from patients with positive A. fumigatus culture. Children sensitised to fungi had similar microbial diversity compared to non-sensitised children. However, in children not sensitised to fungi, those with a positive airway fungal culture had significantly lower fungal alpha diversity and bacterial beta differences compared to children with negative fungal culture. Fungal sensitisation did not alter bacterial or fungal microbiota in the airways of asthmatic children. However, positive airway fungal culture was associated with significant changes in microbial diversity, particularly in non-fungal sensitised children with asthma.
Exploring psychological impact of hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS)
Authors: Bezanson S , Ruco A , Howse M , Budd D , House R , Khakpour M , Holness D L 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS) is an occupational disease associated with long-term exposure to power tools leading to hand-transmitted vibration exposure. Prior research has focussed on physical manifestations with little known about the psychological impacts of HAVS.

Aims
To examine if HAVS severity and/or functional impairment is associated with psychological outcomes.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study collecting data through a survey and retrospective chart review of workers being assessed for HAVS at an occupational medicine clinic. We collected information on demographics, work conditions, disease characteristics and physical and psychological outcomes as measured through validated instruments (SF-12, QuickDASH, GAD-2, PHQ-2). Descriptive statistics and bivariate analyses were followed by multivariable models to explore associations between mental health outcomes and predictor variables.

Results
Participants (N = 94; 56% response rate) were male with a mean age of 48.2 years. The majority (62%) worked in the mining sector, and 27% of participants reported feeling depressed and 35% reported showing little interest in or pleasure in doing things, while 28% reported clinically significant anxiety symptoms. In multivariable models, the QuickDASH, a measure of upper-extremity function and disability, was the only significant predictor of psychological outcomes.

Conclusions
Workers with HAVS have poorer mental health and physical functioning outcomes in comparison to the general population. Employers should consider tailored policies and interventions to address the mental health of workers with HAVS.
Preliminary Discourse on the Nature, Foundation, Utility, and Tools of the Philosophical History
Authors: Catana Leo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter contains a translation of the introductory text to the Historia, namely the ‘Dissertatio praeliminaris’ (‘Preliminary Discourse’), which formulates the aim, nature, methodology, mechanisms of inclusion and exclusion, and periodization of his history of philosophy. In the ‘Preliminary Discourse’ Brucker explains his methodological precepts in the form of fifteen precautions, his scholarly and religious motivations for writing the Historia, his stance towards earlier models for narrating past philosophy, his criterion of inclusion and exclusion, and the scheme of the entire work and its underlying periodization. The ‘Preliminary Discourse’ is of value to any reader interested in his methodology, partly because it is relevant to his exposition of singular philosophers or periods exposed in his Historia, and partly because his methodology has been very influential up till at least the first half of the twentieth century, in some cases even longer. In addition, the chapter provides a translation of ‘De schola socratica’ (‘On the Socratic School’), illustrating how his methodological precepts were put into practice in the case of Socrates and his school. This text illustrates to an exceptional degree several of the precautions listed in the ‘Preliminary Discourse’, in particular the ones concerned with textual criticism. Moreover, in the ‘Preliminary Discourse’, Brucker himself pointed out Socrates’ philosophical method as an ideal way of philosophizing. Lastly, the understanding and evaluation of Socrates in eighteenth-century Germany is under-examined among modern Socrates scholars, and the text ‘On the Socratic School’ provides insight into this eighteenth-century debate about Socrates.
Interventionist Causal Exclusion and the Challenge of Mixed Models
Authors: Hoffmann-Kolss Vera 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Whether the interventionist approach to causation can deal with variables occurring at different levels has been the subject of lively debate. According to an argument by Baumgartner, variables standing in supervenience relations to each other lead to a particularly detrimental version of the classical exclusion problem. However, many authors seem to agree that this problem can be efficiently avoided if variables standing in supervenience relations are given special treatment in the context of interventionist causal models. This chapter argues that the interventionist exclusion problem cannot be easily fixed, since the standard approach to avoiding it implies that the confounding factors for the causal relations described by a model are not adequately taken into account. Furthermore, it argues that multilevel causal structures can only be captured in a causal modelling framework if causal models are required to satisfy aptness conditions that rely on metaphysically ‘thick’ notions, such as the distinction between metaphysical and nomological modality, the grounding relation, or the assumption that properties can be ordered in terms of their degree of naturalness.