bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Redefining Clinical Education: A Scoping Review of Nursing Faculty Practice Models for Enhanced Clinical Competency
Authors: Khowaja-Punjwani Sumaira , Baig Lubna , Ali Syeda Kauser 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
The future of nursing education in Pakistan depends on faculty practice. Faculty practice is recognized as an important component of nursing education by the American Association of Colleges of Nursing. There is no consensus on one definition of faulty practice or its advantages and disadvantages; therefore, more empirical data are needed to support faculty practice. New faculty practice models need to be identified/developed, as clinical teaching is not considered a part of faculty practice.
Objective
To identify, appraise, and synthesize evidence of faculty practice models that promote clinical competency in nursing education.
Methods
A scoping review methodology was used for this review, for which an extensive literature search was carried out comprehensively in April 2023. The PICO framework was used to develop the research question. The literature was systematically searched from Medline (EBSCO Host), PubMed, CINHAL, Google Scholar, and Pak Medinet from 1979 to 2023 using various keywords and Boolean operators. The inclusion criteria were developed, and only those research studies that focused on the faculty practice model in nursing education were eligible for inclusion. Thematic content analysis was performed to identify the faculty practice models that promote clinical competency in nursing education with key features of the model and its benefits and limitations.
Results
The initial search retrieved 61,107 studies, out of which 173 met the inclusion criteria for which full-text articles were accessed and reviewed; ultimately, 37 studies were selected for scoping review based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. In total, eight (8) basic models were identified, i.e., unification, collaboration or joint appointment, integration or nursing center, entrepreneurial or linkage, private practice, moonlighting, nurse-faculty group practice and dyad model.
Conclusion
The implementation of faculty practice models in nursing presents a number of challenges that must be addressed to improve patient care. A lack of resources, conflicts with physicians, and concerns about losing one's identity as a faculty member are just a few of the issues that must be addressed.
Effect of teneligliptin 20 mg twice daily on glucagon like-peptide-1 (GLP-1) levels and its influence on non-glycemic components in non-diabetic obese individuals
Authors: Pelluri Ranakishor , Kongara Srikanth , Nagasubramanian Vanitha Rani , MAHADEVAN SHRIRAAM , Chimakurthy Jithendra 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background and aims: Teneligliptin is an oral anti-diabetic agent, it can persevere GLP-1 by inhibiting DPP-4 enzyme. Also had rare incidence of hypoglycemia. Hence, the present study was aimed to test the effect of teneligliptin 20 mg twice daily along with low carbohydrate diet and physical exercise on change of body weight, insulin resistance in non-diabetic obese subjects.
Methods: It is a prospective, randomized, placebo controlled, parallel group study carried out at outpatient department of an endocrinology hospital over the period of 48 weeks. Teneligliptin 20 mg twice daily 30 min before food (Low carbohydrate diet) with regular physical exercise and control group was kept with only LCD diet and regular physical exercise. The present Study was registered in clinical trial registry of India [CTRI/2020/02/023329].
Results: A total of 150 non diabetic obese subjects were randomized into test (n=75) and control group (n=75). At the end of the 48th weeks significant improvement of GLP-1, SNAQ score, HOMA-IR, Triglycerides, and body weight. The mean difference and 95% CI of GLP-1 (pg/mL) was 76.42 (44.42, 148.41) (p 0.37); SNAQ score, -1.64 (-2.48, -0.81) (p 0.000); HOMA-IR, -0.9 (-0.59, -0.38) (p 0.000); Triglycerides (mg/dL) - 29.37 (-44.46, -14.07) (p 0.000); reduction of body weight (kg) -3.09 (-6.11, -0.07) (p 0.043).
Conclusion: Findings of this study reveals that teneligliptin treated group showed significant improvement of GLP-1 levels, reduced insulin resistance, body weight, triglycerides, appetite, and metabolic syndrome. Teneligliptin is well tolerated, except upper respiratory tract infections.
Evaluation of the Effect of Pet/ct Fdg Inclusion on Mortality and Survival in Operated Thymoma Patients
Authors: sanli bahar agaoglu , Duman Elif , Gulmez Baris , Aguloglu Nursin , Yazgan Serkan , Ceylan Kenan Can , Ucvet Ahmet 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Purpose: Thymic epithelial tumors (TET) constitute 50% of anterior mediastinal masses and are divided into three groups as thymoma, thymic carcinoma and neuroendocrine tumors. The most common TET is thymoma. In recent years, the use of Fuorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Computed Tomography (PET-CT) has become widespread to evaluate the diagnosis, metabolism, stage and distant metastases of thymoma. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the connection of malignancy potential, survival and maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) measured by PET-CT before surgery according to the histological classification of the World Health Organization (WHO) in patients operated for thymoma. In addition, the predictive value of the Glasgow prognostic score (GPS) generated by C-Reactive Protein (CRP) and albumin values on recurrence and survival was investigated and its potential as a prognostic biomarker was evaluated.
Materials & Methods: Forty-five patients who underwent surgical resection for thymoma and were examined with PET-CT in the preoperative period between January 2010 and January 2022 were included in the study. The relationship between WHO histological classification, tumor size and SUVmax values on PET-CT according to TNM classification of retrospectively analyzed patients’records were evaluated. Preoperative albumin and CRP values were used to determine GPS.
Results: The cut-off value for SUVmax was found to be 5.65 in the patients and the overall survival rate of low-risk (<5.65) and high-risk (>5.65) patients was compared according to the SUVmax threshold value (5.65) and found to be statistically significant. In addition, the power of PET/CT SUVmax value to predict mortality (according to ROC analysis) was statistically significant (p=0.048). Survival expectancy was 127.6 months in patients with mild GPS (O points), 96.7 months in patients with moderate GPS (1 point), and 25.9 months in patients with severe GPS (2 points).
Conclusions: PET/CT SUVmax values can be used to predict histological subtype in thymoma patients, and pre-operative SUVmax and GPS are parameters that can provide information about survival times and mortality in thymoma patients.
Genomic and metabolomic insights into potential mechanisms of plant growth promotion by Streptomyces rochei S32 in various crops
Authors: Wei Miao , Jiao Mengfan , Nie Xibin , Liu Yutao , Wei Xiaomin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Aims
The use of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria in crop production necessitates an understanding of the underlying mechanisms. We investigated the potential mechanisms of plant growth promotion by Streptomyces rochei S32 in wheat and tomato crops.
Methods
The effects of S. rochei S32 on plant growth and its antagonistic activity against soil-borne pathogenic fungi were tested in petri dishes. The underlying molecular mechanisms were identified based on whole-genome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. The results of genomic analysis were verified by widely targeted metabolomics and mechanism studies of plant growth promotion.
Results
The growth of crop seedlings treated with the cell-free fermentation broth of S. rochei S32 was markedly improved in 15 d. This effect was demonstrated by increased plant height (24.7%) and root length (17.4%) of wheat (400-fold dilution), as well as extended root length (40.9%) of tomato (200-fold dilution). S. rochei S32 showed antagonistic activity against multiple pathogenic fungi, especially Macropoma kawatsukai. The bacterial genome contains an 8,041,158-bp chromosome and two plasmids. A total of 7486 annotated genes were classified into 31 Gene Ontology functional categories. Genomic analysis revealed the potential for the production of indole-3-acetic acid, fungal cell wall hydrolases, antibiotics (e.g., candicidin, streptothricin, borrellin, albaflavenone), and siderophores. Thirty-nine phytohormones and 2205 secondary metabolites were detected, including indole-3-acetic acid, phytosphingosine, haloprogin, acivicin, and corynebactin. Normal bacterial growth occurred on a nitrogen-free medium.
Conclusion
S. rochei S32 can promote plant growth directly or indirectly through nitrogen fixation and production of phytohormones, extracellular hydrolases, antibiotics, and siderophores.
A Potent Athero-protective Nanovaccine Cocktail by Two-Pronged Intracellular Delivery of Antigen and Adjuvant for Dendritic Cell Activation
Authors: Sun Dongping , Zhang Lei , AL-Ammari Abdulrahman , Zhu Danxuan , Zhang Hongsong , Zhou Peng , Zhi Xu , Ding Weixiao , Li Xinmeng , Yu Qingqing , Gai Yuwen , Ma Xiaoling , Chen Chuntao , Zuo Chao , Zhang Jiaan , Zhu Wanying 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Current clinical therapies for atherosclerosis primarily consist of surgical interventions or medical therapeutics but lack prophylactic treatments. Vaccines against atherosclerosis show great promise in managing the disease, particularly those capable of eliciting both effector T cell and antibody responses, requiring effective delivery of antigen and adjuvant to activate dendritic cells. Different from the commonly adopted co-delivery strategy by nanovaccines, we individually conjugate antigen p210 and adjuvant CpG-ODN as mannose and TLR ligands, respectively, onto superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) as a nanovaccine cocktail against atherosclerosis to incorporate multiple immune-stimulatory components. Indeed, the model nanovaccine SP-D1+P1, made from SPIONs coated with p210 (SP-P) and CpG-ODN (SP-D) at a mixing ratio of 1:1, enters dendritic cells (DCs) via mannose and scavenger receptor, respectively, which favors the cross-presentation of antigens and induces significantly higher levels of co-stimulatory molecules and cytokines compared to the counterpart nanoformulation containing both p210 and CpG-ODN (SP-D1/P1). After intradermal administration of three doses of SP-D1+P1, the ApoE-/- mice exhibited a mitigated development of atherosclerosis with reduced and stabilized plaques. SP-D1+P1 modulates the DCs in the draining lymph nodes (dLNs), generates regulatory responses in both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, elicits memory responses, and induces both anti-p210 IgM and IgG antibodies to achieve the atheroreduction effect. We, therefore, have developed a potent nanovaccine formulation that was able to provoke both cellular and humoral regulatory responses in hypercholesterolemic ApoE–/– mice, which is not only a potential vaccine candidate but also offers further clinical translation opportunities for nanobiomaterials.
Infectious complications after modified purse-string stoma closure
Authors: Hao Scarlett , Bridges Lindsey , Sutton Tia , Honaker Michael D 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Purpose: Current society guidelines recommend purse-string closure technique for stoma reversal, which has been shown to reduce but not eliminate the risk of deep surgical site infection (SSI) at the original stoma site, a complication associated with increased morbidity and cost. We studied an adjunctive technique to further reduce the risk of SSI.
Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted on adult patients who underwent stoma reversal between May 2016 - July 2022. Stoma reversal was performed with purse-string closure, and placement of a strip of povidone-iodine soaked non-adherent pad in the remaining two cm opening at the prior stoma site. This pad was taken out on post-operative day one and changed to wet-to-dry saline moistened gauze.
Results: 82 patients were identified. The cohort had a median BMI 26.5 [IQR 23.0-31.0] and median age 57.5 [IQR 45.8-67.0]. Mean time from original surgery to reversal was nine months. 59.8% identified as female, 24.4% were currently smoking, 18.3% were had diabetes. The cohort experienced a 11.0% readmission rate and 18.3% rate of stoma site hernia with a mean follow up of 17 months. No patient developed an SSI.
Conclusion: In this cohort study with known risk factors for SSI, no patients undergoing stoma reversal experienced a post-operative SSI. The adjunctive technique of a povidone-iodine soaked non-adherent pad in addition to purse-string closure should be further examined in conjunction with surgical bundles to reduce the risk of SSI and overall morbidity of stoma reversal surgery.
Assimilating Human Feedback from Autonomous Vehicle Interaction in Reinforcement Learning Models
Authors: Fox Richard , Ludvig Elliot A. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
A significant challenge for real-world automated vehicles (AVs) is their interaction with human pedestrians. This paper develops a methodology to directly elicit the AV behaviour pedestrians find suitable by collecting quantitative data that can be used to measure and improve an algorithm's performance. Starting with a Deep Q Network (DQN) trained on a simple Pygame/Python-based pedestrian crossing environment, the reward structure was adapted to allow adjustment by human feedback. Feedback was collected by eliciting behavioural judgements collected from people in a controlled environment. The reward was shaped by the inter-action vector, decomposed into feature aspects for relevant behaviours, thereby facilitating both implicit preference selection and explicit task discovery in tandem. Using computational RL and behavioural-science techniques, we harness a formal iterative feedback loop where the rewards are repeatedly adapted based on human behavioural judgments. Experiments were conducted with 124 participants that showed strong initial improvement in the judgement of AV behaviours with the adaptive reward structure. The results indicate that the primary avenue for enhancing vehicle behaviour lies in the predictability of its movements when introduced. More broadly, recognising AV behaviours that receive favourable human judgments can pave the way for enhanced performance.
A study within a trial (SWAT) of clinical trial feasibility and barriers to recruitment in the United Kingdom – the CapaCiTY programme experience
Authors: Stevens Natasha , Taheri Shiva , Grossi Ugo , Emmett Chris , Bannister Sybil , Norton Christine , Yiannakou Yan , Knowles Charles 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background: Recruitment is the Achilles heel of clinical trials. Failure to recruit the planned sample jeopardises reliability of results and wastes significant time and resources. Site feasibility assessments are a common tool employed by sponsors to assess a site’s recruitment potential and ability to undertake the trial protocol. The purpose of this study was to evaluate site feasibility procedures as a tool for predicting recruitment potential.
Methods: We conducted site feasibility assessments with thirty-nine sites across the UK. Twenty-seven were selected to participate in the CapaCiTY programme: three randomised controlled trials (01; ISRCTN11791740; 16/07/2015, 02; ISRCTN11093872; 11/11/2015, 03; ISRCTN11747152; 30/09/2015) aiming to develop an evidence based adult chronic constipation treatment pathway. We compared site feasibility-based predicted recruitment rates with actual recruitment rates and conducted a telephone survey (n=24) to understand barriers to recruitment.
Results: Sites failed to accurately predict their recruitment potential during site feasibility. Conducting site feasibility did not result in the trials recruiting the required sample. At the time of survey, 17% of sites in CapaCiTY01 were meeting recruitment targets, 83% were recruiting half or less of their target. Of these, 17% recruited no participants. In CapaCiTY02, 13% of sites were recruiting to target, 87% were recruiting half or less; of these, 25% recruited no participants. In CapaCiTY03, 14% of sites were recruiting to target, 86% recruited half or less of the target, of these 43% recruited none. The main barriers to recruitment were lack of resources, high workloads, lack of suitable participants and study design not being compatible with routine care.
Conclusions: Improving the reliability of site feasibility assessment could potentially save hundreds of millions of pounds each year in failed research investments and speed up the time to delivery of new treatments for patients. We recommend 1) conducting site feasibility assessment at the pre-award stage; 2) investment in training researchers in conducting and completing site feasibility; 3) funders to include clinical trial feasibility specialists on peer review and grants panels; 4) development of a national database of sites’ previous trial recruitment performance; 5) data-driven site level assessment of recruitment potential.
Trial registration:
ISRCTN11791740; 16/07/2015, ISRCTN11093872; 11/11/2015, ISRCTN11747152; 30/09/2015.
Association between different obesity indices and carotid intima-media thickness in patients with type 2 diabetes assessed by a decision tree model and logistic regression: A cross-sectional study
Authors: CUI Qian , HE Wenxia , fang Dan , YE Xinhua , YANG Ping , YAO Ping , CHEN Xiaodong , SUN Zhenzhen , YUAN Xiaodan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Objective To explore the relationship between different obesity indicators and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), so as to provide a scientific basis for the selection of early warning indicators for CIMT thickening.Methods The samples were collected from patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) who visited the department of endocrinology of two Grade A tertiary hospitals in Jiangsu Province from 2019 to 2022. A decision tree model combined with logistic regression analysis were used to compare the effects of different obesity indicators on CIMT thickening in T2DM. And subgroup analysis was performed by patient age to explore the association between obesity indicators and CIMT in the young, middle-aged, and elderly groups.Results A total of 2676 patients with T2DM were enrolled, and 900 cases of CIMT thickening were detected. The CHAID decision tree model screened 7 significant factors influencing CIMT thickening, the most significant one was age. Binary Logistic regression showed that after adjusting for confounding variables, VFA [OR = 1.023, 95%CI (1.011,1.036)], NC [OR = 1.231, 95%CI (1.074,1.411)] and VAI [OR = 2.500, 95%CI (1.392,4.488)] in the young group, High CAVI [OR = 1.041, 95%CI (1.024,1.059)] and low SFA [OR = 0.994, 95%CI (0.989,0.999)] in the middle-aged group, and high NC [OR = 1.041, 95% CI (1.024,1.059)] in the elderly group had a statistically effect on CIMT thickening.Conclusion The traditional obesity indicators are not good predictors of CIMT thickening. VFA, NC and VAI in the youth, CAVI and SFA in the middle-aged, and NC in the elderly T2DM patients independently influenced CIMT.
A Bayesian Update of Kotha et al. (2020) Ground-Motion Model Using Résif Dataset
Authors: Kotha Sreeram Reddy , Traversa Paola 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Recent updates of pan-European seismic hazard and risk maps adopted the partially non-ergodic Kotha et al. (2020) ground-motion model. This model was regressed from the Engineering Strong Motion dataset, containing ground-motion data of 𝑀𝑊 ≥ 3 events mostly from Italy, Turkey, Greece, and in smaller fractions from rest of the active shallow crustal tectonic regions of Europe. Through mixed-effects regressions, the non-ergodic model partially resolved the spatial variability of attenuation characteristics across most of seismically active Europe, but not in France due to the then lack of a regional dataset. With the availability of a manually processed dataset from Résif network, and a computationally viable Bayesian inferencing algorithm, this study extends the non-ergodic applicability of the model to 𝑀𝑊 < 3 earthquakes, attenuating regions, tectonic localities, and sites located in France. In process, a few important decisions had to be made concerning the updating methodology, and the interpretation of spatial variability of attenuation – specifically, that of the tectonic localities producing earthquakes. The methodology and results are discussed, emphasising the need to revise the current ground-motion regionalisation approach, and to tailor the updating procedure to be application specific. This study anticipates and supports a shift from frequentist to Bayesian approach of ground-motion modelling, in order to maintain continuity of knowledge regressed from various ground-motion datasets.
Status of trace metals contamination and ecological risk assessment in intertidal sediments along the Gulf of Guinea.
Authors: Kouassi Kouamé Moïse , Kinimo Kakou Charles , Yao Koffi Marcellin , Coulibaly Aoua Sougo 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Surface sediments from the intertidal area of Côte d’Ivoire were sampled to investigate trace metals (Hg, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, and As) concentrations to illustrate their spatial distribution and ecological risk of pollution. The average total organic carbon content was 2.04 ± 0.01%. Except for Cr and Zn, the spatial distribution exhibited a similar pattern for TOC, Hg, Cd, Cu, Pb, and As. The average concentrations of trace metals were less than their corresponding UCC values, except for Cd and Cr. The pollution indices indicated that sediment quality in the studied area has been impacted by Cd and the Assinie and Bleron sites were the most contaminated. A few ecological risks were posed by Hg, Cd, Cr, and Cu, based on sediment quality guidelines (SQGs). The Pearson correlation showed a significant (p < 0.05) correlation between As, Cd, Pb, Cr, and Hg, suggesting a common origin in sediments. Although this study presents the current status of littoral trace metals contamination level in sediments, further studies should integrate the statistical multivariate approach to determine the anthropogenic sources of the trace metals in the intertidal area of Côte d’Ivoire.
Application of metagenomic next-generation sequencing in Diagnosing Unexplained Pulmonary Infection
Authors: Yu Jinpeng , Gao Wei 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the value of clinical of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) in diagnosing unexplained pulmonary Infection. A total of 99 patients with pulmonary infection were selected, and their specimens were collected and sent to traditional methods for detection, and at the same time, they were sent out for pathogen mNGS detection. The detection sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic efficiency of pathogenic microorganisms were analyzed by comparing the results of traditional detection method and mNGS sequencing. In 99 patients, pathogens were detected in 75.76% (75/99) samples by traditional assay and 95.96% (95/99) samples by mNGS. A total of 154 pathogens were detected by mNGS and 29 by traditional methods. The number and species of pathogens detected by mNGS were significantly higher than those detected by traditional culture, and the difference was statistically significant.The positive rates of bacteria, viruses, fungi and atypical pathogens detected by mNGS were 87.37%, 85.37%, 83.02% and 100%, respectively. The positive rates of bacteria, viruses, fungi and atypical pathogens detected by traditional methods were 66.32%, 19.51%, 26.42% and 14.29%, respectively.The differences were statistically significant. mNGS is superior to traditional methods in the sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic efficiency of clinical etiological detection, and has high diagnostic value of disease, thus further guiding the rational use of antibacterial drugs.