bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association Between TyG‐BMI Index and Hyperuricemia in Adult Women
Authors: Mutailipu Kelibinuer , Guo Junwei , Yin Jiajing , Wang Yue , Lu Liesheng , Jia Xuyang , Zhang Jie , Qu Shen , Chen Haibing , Bu Le 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTPurposeThis study aimed to explore the relationship between hyperuricemia (HUA), the triglyceride‐glucose index (TyG) and its derivatives in adult women.MethodsA cross‐sectional analysis was conducted on 1105 female patients from Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital. Participants were divided into HUA (n = 331) and non‐HUA (n = 774) groups. Clinical and laboratory data were collected, and indices such as body mass index (BMI), TyG and TyG‐BMI were calculated. Statistical analyses included univariate and multivariate logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.ResultsThe HUA group showed higher BMI, blood pressure and metabolic parameters. TyG, TyG‐BMI and BMI were positively correlated with uric acid levels. ROC analysis revealed that TyG‐BMI (AUC = 0.877) had better predictive power for HUA than TyG (AUC = 0.829) or BMI (AUC = 0.867). Multivariate analysis showed TyG‐BMI and BMI as independent predictors, with women in the highest quartiles having a 3.111‐fold and 2.779‐fold higher risk for HUA, respectively.ConclusionTyG‐BMI is the most effective predictor of HUA in women, surpassing TyG and BMI alone. It offers a practical tool for early identification and intervention in women at risk of HUA.
A Multivariate Approach for Modeling Spatio‐Temporal Agrometeorological Variables
Authors: De Iaco Sandra , Cappello Claudia , Palma Monica , Nordhausen Klaus 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTOne of the main issues facing agrometeorological studies involves measuring and modeling the evolution of different environmental variables over time; this often requires a dense monitoring network. Spatio‐temporal geostatistics has the potential to provide techniques and tools to estimate the spatio‐temporal multiple covariance function and define an appropriate multivariate correlation function capable of reliable predictions. This paper presents a spatio‐temporal multivariate geostatistical modeling approach based on the joint diagonalization of the empirical covariance matrix evaluated at different spatio‐temporal lags. The possibility to consider a reduced number of uncorrelated variables (lower than the number of observed variables) and separately model the spatio‐temporal evolution of these uncorrelated components represents a substantial simplification for multivariate modeling. A space–time linear coregionalization model (ST‐LCM) with appropriate parametric models for the latent components was fitted to the matrix‐valued covariance function estimated for five relevant agrometeorological variables, including evapotranspiration, minimum and maximum humidity, maximum temperature, and precipitation. The analyses highlight how to identify space–time components and choose the corresponding model by evaluating some characteristics of these components, such as symmetry, separability, and type of non‐separability. The predictive results of this multivariate study will be of interest for agriculture, in particular for addressing drought emergencies.
Investigating the Effect of Maltodextrins and Degree of Polymerization on Individual Complex Carbohydrate Taste Sensitivity
Authors: Hartley Claudia , Keast Russell S. J. , Bredie Wender L. P. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTResearch shows that complex carbohydrates (maltodextrins) can be perceived in the oral cavity independent of sweet taste. However, little is known about individual differences in complex carbohydrate taste sensitivity. Therefore, the relationship between complex carbohydrate structure and individual complex carbohydrate taste sensitivity requires further investigation. This study investigated individual taste sensitivity among adults for maltodextrins with different degrees of polymerization. Participants (n = 37) (BMI (kg/m2): 24.29 ± 1.06, age (years): 30.32 ± 1.24) taste perception and oral sensitivity for sour (citric acid), sweet (glucose), and complex carbohydrate (mixture of short chain maltodextrins (SCM, average DP 6) and mixture of long chain maltodextrin (LCM, average DP 20)) were assessed using taste assessment measures (detection threshold (DT) and suprathreshold intensity perception (ST)). Taste assessment measures were performed in a randomized, repeated, blinded design. There were significant correlations between LCM DT, SCM DT, Sour DT, and Sweet DT (all p < 0.01). There were further significant correlations between LCM ST, SCM ST and Sweet ST (all p < 0.01) and between SCM ST, Sweet ST and Sour ST (all p < 0.01). There was a significant effect of sex on DT ranking values (p = 0.050). For the majority of participants, complex carbohydrate sensitivity status did not change according to chain length. This study strengthens existing research that complex carbohydrates can be perceived in the oral cavity and highlighted that for the majority, maltodextrin chain length does not influence complex carbohydrate taste sensitivity (specifically DT and ST).
Chemogenetic Control of Striatal Astrocytes Improves Parkinsonian Motor Deficits in Mice
Authors: Evans Wesley R. , Baskar Sindhuja S. , Vellore Angelica , Costa Ana Raquel Castro E. , Jacob Cynthia , Ravoori Sanya , Arigbe Abimbola , Huda Rafiq 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTParkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic nigrostriatal inputs, which causes striatal network dysfunction and leads to pronounced motor deficits. Recent evidence highlights astrocytes as a potential local source for striatal neuromodulation. There is substantial evidence for norepinephrine‐mediated recruitment of cortical astrocyte activity during movement and locomotion. However, it is unclear how astrocytes in the striatum, a region devoid of norepinephrine neuromodulatory inputs, respond during locomotion. Moreover, it remains unknown how dopamine loss affects striatal astrocyte activity and whether astrocyte activity regulates behavioral deficits in PD. We addressed these questions by performing astrocyte‐specific calcium recordings and manipulations using in vivo fiber photometry and chemogenetics. We find that locomotion elicits astrocyte calcium activity over a slower timescale than neurons. Acute pharmacological blockade of dopamine receptors only moderately reduced locomotion‐related astrocyte activity. Yet, unilateral dopamine depletion significantly attenuated astrocyte calcium responses. Chemogenetic stimulation of Gi‐coupled receptors partially improved this functional astrocyte deficit in dopamine‐lesioned mice. In parallel, chemogenetic manipulation restored asymmetrical motor deficits and moderately improved open‐field exploratory behavior. Together, our results establish a novel role for functional striatal astrocyte signaling in modulating motor function in PD and highlight non‐neuronal targets for potential PD therapeutics.
Neutrophil‐to‐Lymphocyte Ratio Predicts Dialysis Timing & Prognosis in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Nashwan Abdulqadir J. , Othman Mutaz I. , Ananthegowda Dore C. , Singh Kalpana , Ibraheem Anas , Janardhanan Jayesh P. , Alikutty Jamsheer P. , Othman Muftah A. , Hamad Abdullah I. , Khatib Mohamad Y. , Abujaber Ahmad A. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackground and AimsThe neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a cost‐effective indicator of inflammation, which may impact decisions regarding therapy for patients undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), even with ongoing clinical arguments. This study aimed to examine the correlation between NLR and the prognosis of critically ill patients undergoing CRRT, specifically about mortality and morbidity. Additionally, the study sought to assess NLR's potential as a prognostic indicator for CRRT initiation.MethodsData were retrospectively analyzed from 175 critically ill patients who received CRRT. Clinical factors and biochemical markers were compared between survivors and non‐survivors at admission, before CRRT, and at 24 and 72 h post‐CRRT initiation.ResultsElevated NLR levels were significantly associated with increased in‐hospital mortality. Neutrophil counts showed statistical significance across all measurement points, while NLR and lymphocyte counts were significant only on the third day of CRRT (p 0.001 and 0.011, respectively). Non‐survivors had higher NLR values than survivors and experienced shorter hospital stays (median 22 vs. 44 days for survivors, p < 0.001). Patients with higher baseline NLR values also had more complications.ConclusionsThe NLR shows potential as a prognostic predictor for mortality in CRRT patients. Its integration into clinical practice could enhance patient care and treatment timing, and further studies should validate its clinical utility.
Effects of Expiratory Muscle Strength Training on Swallowing in Survivors of Critical Illness: A Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Skurok Philip , Johnston Brian W. , Brown Emma , Timothy Caroline , Morse Christopher , Turton Peter 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackground and AimsPost Extubation Dysphagia (PED) is a common consequence of mechanical ventilation. Muscular weakness and atrophy are potential causes. Expiratory Muscle Strength Training (EMST) is a technique whereby a subject exhales against a resistance, strengthening the muscles of expiration. There is evidence that EMST causes activation and hypertrophy of the muscles of swallowing, with clinical evidence that it improves swallowing in certain populations. The aim of this systematic review is to collate the existing literature concerning evaluation of swallowing after extubation, and whether EMST positively affects these measures.MethodsWe will perform a systematic review of the literature by searching electronic databases (Pubmed, Medline, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library), for articles where EMST has been performed (alone or in conjunction with inspiratory muscle training), in patients who have been liberated from a period of mechanical ventilation. We will identify studies that evaluate swallowing after extubation, listing the methods used to evaluate swallowing and data will be extracted from studies evaluating the impact EMST has on these measures.ResultsWe will undertake meta‐analysis if data permits. Risk of bias will be assessed using the Risk of Bias 2 tool or the Newcastle Ottawa Score for randomized and non‐randomized trials. We will use The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach to assess the quality of evidence.ConclusionThe results of this systematic review will enable us to assess the current literature on the use of EMST in critical care, and whether the intervention improves swallowing and respiratory outcomes.Trial Registration: PROSPERO registration: 42023444479.
Prevalence and Associated Factors of Schistosoma mansoni and Other Intestinal Helminthes Co‐Infection Among Malaria Positive Patients in Malaria Endemic Areas of Northeast, Ethiopia: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Metaferia Yeshi , Seid Abdurahaman , Fenta Genet Molla , Weldehanna Daniel Gebretsadik , Adamu Aderaw , Gedefie Alemu 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackground and AimsSchistosoma mansoni and malaria share a similar epidemiological distribution or co‐endemicity. Co‐infection are a global public health burden where epidemiological evidence is crucial to taking evidence‐based intervention. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and associated factors of Schistosoma mansoni and other intestinal Helminthes co‐infection among malaria positive patients in malaria endemic areas of Northeast Ethiopia.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted from September 2018 to June 2019 among randomly recruited 145 microscopically confirmed malaria patients in Kemisse and Chefa Robit, Northeast Ethiopia. A pre‐tested semi‐structured questionnaire was used for sociodemographic and other risk factor data; blood samples for malaria microscopy and stool samples for S. mansoni and other intestinal Helminthes examinations were collected from each participant. STATA 17 was used for analysis. Chi‐square and Fishers' exact test were used as required. The internal consistency and model good ness of fitness test were checked using Cronbach's alpha and Hosmer‐Lemshow test, respectively. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression model was used for analysis. Finally, variables with p < 0.05, their AOR and their 95% Confidence Intervals were considered statistically significant.ResultsA total of 145 patients with malaria were included in this study of which 11.3% and 49.0% respectively had poly and mono infections. From all malaria confirmed patients, 29.7% were positive for S. mansoni, which was significantly associated with pervious intestinal helminthic infection, history of swimming and fishing participants who lives near to river and having a history of crossing river by their legs without shoe. Moreover, compared with students; farmers merchants and housewives were found to be highly affected.ConclusionsThe co‐endemicity of S. mansoni and malaria in the current study was considerably high. Further study is needed to explore the underlying mechanisms of interaction between malaria and S. mansoni with larger sample size.
Combined Flow and Temperature Nonuniformity in Compact Cross‐Flow Three‐Fluid Heat Exchangers
Authors: Aasi Harpreet K. , Mishra Manish 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTCryogenic processes often involve the heat interaction of multiple fluids and are highly sensitive to even minor variations in operating conditions. Hence, flow and temperature nonuniformity adversely impact the performance of thermal systems, and their combined occurrence can be especially detrimental. The transient response and thermal effectivity of a cross‐flow three‐fluid heat exchanger are investigated while considering the flow and temperature nonuniformity at the inlet section. Four modes of combined flow and temperature nonuniformity are opted, which replicates the pragmatic situation existing in the working of heat exchangers, and the effectivity of the thermal system is evaluated by its alignment with the uniform flow mode. Flow nonuniformity is implicated in both the inlet section and within the core all along with the effect of fluid back mixing. The “Dankwert's” boundary condition is specifically used to account for the effects of axial dispersion within the fluids. The model incorporates longitudinal heat conduction in partition walls, with the “finite difference method” employed to solve the partial differential equations. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first attempt to analyze both the transient response and effectivity of three‐fluid heat exchangers under combined flow and temperature nonuniformity. It is learned that thermal effectivity is degraded by 31.5% and enhanced by 1% under flow nonuniformity mode QPQ and temperature nonuniformity mode 1 respectively. Under the combined mode of both, the effectivity settles down somewhere amid both and is found to be degraded by 8%. The higher NTU comes up with a sharp peak in temperature distribution, which makes the core more prone to cracks.
p16/ki‐67 dual stain triage of individuals positive for HPV to detect cervical precancerous lesions
Authors: Harper Diane M. , Paczos Tamera , Ridder Ruediger , Huh Warner K. 
Published: February 2025

Abstractp16/Ki‐67 dual stain is a biomarker‐based test that can identify oncogenic transformation in cervical cells with higher sensitivity than cervical cytology, using the same samples taken for human papillomavirus (HPV) testing and liquid‐based cytology. Dual stain is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for triage of women with positive results by primary HPV testing or by HPV/cytology co‐testing and has recently been incorporated into management guidelines. In this review, we summarize the data showing the utility of dual stain in detecting precancers, reducing the number of unnecessary colposcopies, and reassuring women who test negative. We also discuss the implications of dual stain for future treatment practice and health economics.
A successful case of urinary rediversion from a complicated cutaneous ureterostomy to a new ileal conduit
Authors: Tashiro Yu , Yamazaki Mami , Katsunaga Yasuaki , Takeuchi Go , Nagayama Satoshi , Shichiri Yasumasa , Ito Masaaki 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionA ureteral stricture often develops after a cutaneous ureterostomy and can lead to complicated situations in some cases.Case presentationWe performed surgery on a 54‐year‐old man who required routine replacement of a ureteral stent every 2 weeks after cystectomy. We surgically converted his cutaneous ureterostomy into a new ileal conduit. Following the surgery, his ureteral stent was removed, allowing him to resume his social activities.ConclusionWe reported the possibility of urinary rediversion as a treatment option for a complicated cutaneous ureterostomy patient.
Methodology for the Definition Of a Space Vehicle Display System
Authors: Arntz Neil J. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractA methodology is presented for a systems approach to the definition of a display system for space vehicles. The mission objectives and the role of the man in the mission are used as the basis for examining display requirements.A screening activity is used to identify and categorize all parameters to be displayed in terms of why the parameter is needed and to establish the characteristics of the parameters in each of these categories. The screening process results in the grouping of all parameters into three major categories. These are then divided into additional subcategories by considering parameter “use.” The characteristics of the parameters are examined to match similar parameters to alternate methods of display.Three functional alternates for displaying parameters are identified: individual, time‐shared, and integrated. These are developed and their characteristics are identified. Each of the categories of parameters is, with the use of a “best‐fit matrix,” traded against these three alternates to determine which best fits the display needs of that category.The characteristics of the parameters of each category are also used as constraints for the design‐approach trade study. The activity of displaying information to the crew is given consideration in the design‐approach trade in three steps: parameter accessing, parameter processing, and parameter presentation. The design‐approach trade is conducted on a system‐effectiveness basis by generating parametric data with weight, volume, cost, etc., used as trade considerations.A centerline design approach is selected and defined on a display system basis. The results provide a basis for the equipment configuration definition.
Metabolic Profiling of Brain Tissue and Brain‐Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Hernandez Patricia , Rackles Elisabeth , Alboniga Oihane E. , Martínez‐Lage Pablo , Camacho Emma N. , Onaindia Arantza , Fernandez Manuel , Talamillo Ana , Falcon‐Perez Juan M. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAlzheimer´s disease (AD) is the most frequent neurodegenerative disorder in the world and is characterised by the loss of memory and other cognitive functions. Metabolic changes associated with AD are important players in the development of the disease. However, the mechanism underlying these changes is still unknown. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano‐sized particles that play an important role in regulating pathophysiological processes and are a non‐invasive manner to obtain information of the cell that is secreting them. The analysis of brain‐derived EVs (bdEVs) will provide new insights in the metabolic processes associated with AD. To characterize bdEVs in AD, we optimised a method to isolate them from tissue of different brain regions, obtaining the highest enrichment in isolations from the temporal cortex. We performed unbiased untargeted metabolomics analysis on post‐mortem human temporal cortex tissue and bdEVs from the same region of AD patients and healthy controls. Both, univariate and multivariate statistical analysis were used to determine the metabolites that influence the separation between AD patients and controls. Interestingly, a clear separation between control and AD groups was obtained with bdEVs, which allowed to select 12 relevant features by a validated PLS‐DA model. Furthermore, comparison of tissue and bdEVs identified 68 common features. The pathway enrichment analysis of the common metabolites showed that the alanine, aspartate and glutamate pathway and the arginine, phenylalanine, tyrosine pathway were the most significant ones in the separation between the AD patients and controls. The phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan pathway, still had a very high influence in the separation between groups, albeit not significant. Notably, some metabolites were identified for the first time in bdEVs. For example, the N‐acetyl aspartic acid (NAA) metabolite present in bdEVs was suitable to differentiate AD patients from healthy controls. Furthermore, the analysis of the hippocampus, midbrain, temporal and entorhinal cortex and their respective bdEVs indicated that the metabolic profiles of different brain areas were distinct and showed some correlation between the metabolome of the tissue and its respective bdEVs. Thus, our study highlights the potential of bdEVs to understand the metabolic fingerprint associated with AD and their potential use as diagnostic and therapeutic targets.
Do family physicians develop ambiguity tolerance as they gain experience? A multicenter cross‐sectional study
Authors: Fujikawa Hirohisa , Aoki Takuya , Ando Takayuki , Haruta Junji 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundAmbiguity tolerance is important because it contributes to both better patient care and physician well‐being. Although a recent study showed that family physicians have greater ambiguity tolerance than non‐family physicians, the question of when family physicians develop tolerance remains unanswered. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the associations between the number of postgraduate years (PGYs) and ambiguity tolerance.MethodsThis was a nationwide cross‐sectional study involving family physicians in 14 residency programs throughout Japan. Ambiguity tolerance was assessed as the primary outcome using the Japanese version of the Tolerance for Ambiguity in Medical Students and Doctors scale. Secondary outcomes were burnout and work engagement, assessed using the Japanese version of the Burnout Assessment Tool and the ultra‐short version of the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale, respectively.Results173 family physicians were included in the analysis. Physicians of PGY ≥7 had significantly greater ambiguity tolerance and lower burnout risk than those of PGY 3–6. Physicians of PGY 7–20 had significantly higher work engagement than those of PGY 3–6.ConclusionsFamily medicine resident physicians may be vulnerable for the duration of the residency program, although they may develop ambiguity tolerance and improve well‐being over the course of the program. Supervisors in family medicine residency programs should examine the learning environment of their program, considering the vulnerability of their trainees.