bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Loop Flexibility and Solvent Dynamics as Determinants for the Selective Inhibition of Cyclin‐Dependent Kinase 4: Comparative Molecular Dynamics Simulation Studies of CDK2 and CDK4
Authors: Park Hwangseo , Yeom Min Sun , Lee Sangyoub 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe design and discovery of selective cyclin‐dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) inhibitors have been actively pursued in order to develop therapeutic cancer treatments. By means of a consecutive computational protocol involving homology modeling, docking experiments, and molecular dynamics simulations, we examine the characteristic structural and dynamic properties that distinguish CDK4 from CDK2 in its complexation with selective inhibitors. The results for all three CDK4‐selective inhibitors under investigation show that the large‐amplitude motion of a disordered loop of CDK4 is damped out in the presence of the inhibitors whereas their binding in the CDK2 active site has little effect on the loop flexibility. It is also found that the binding preference of CDK4‐ selective inhibitors for CDK4 over CDK2 stems from the reduced solvent accessibility in the active site of the former due to the formation of a stable hydrogen‐bond triad by the Asp99, Arg101, and Thr102 side chains at the top of the active‐site gorge. Besides the differences in loop flexibility and solvent accessibility, the dynamic stabilities of the hydrogen bonds between the inhibitors and the side chain of the lysine residue at the bottom of the active site also correlate well with the relative binding affinities of the inhibitors for the two CDKs. These results highlight the usefulness of this computational approach in evaluating the selectivity of a CDK inhibitor, and demonstrate the necessity of considering protein flexibility and solvent effects in designing new selective CDK4‐selective inhibitors.
Flat‐panel detectors in the cardiac catheterization laboratory: Revolution or evolution—what are the issues?
Authors: Holmes David R. , Laskey Warren K. , Wondrow Merrill A. , Cusma Jack T. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractContinuous developments in digital imaging technology have contributed to the vital role held today by digital X‐ray imaging in the cardiac catheterization laboratory. Foremost among these developments is the replacement of cine film with digital data equivalents as the procedure record. Other improvements include software innovations and processing algorithms, along with new types of hardware capable of delivering required functionality more rapidly. A significant recent development is that of the flat‐panel X‐ray detector as a replacement for the image intensifier, which has served the needs of the cardiac catheterization laboratory for nearly 5 decades. Clinical users must evaluate the respective technologies and determine whether one or the other meets the needs of their own laboratories. In this review, the two competing detector technologies are reviewed and a summary of general advantages and disadvantages of each is provided. A qualitative description is provided of parameters that can be used to assess quantitatively the performance of detectors and imaging systems. Using such objective measurements, together with standard techniques for evaluating imaging systems, angiographers and managers can better arrive at informed decisions for their own situation. Cathet Cardiovasc Interv 2004;63:324–330. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Improved performance of a new thrombus aspiration catheter: Outcomes from in vitro experiments and a case presentation
Authors: Sakurada Masami , Ikari Yuji , Isshiki Takaaki 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThrombus vacuum catheter (TVAC) is a new thrombus aspiration catheter. The catheter has a beak‐shaped distal tip and a shaft with spring support. Based on in vitro tests, these design features showed improved ability to pass through a simulated coronary artery model with a bend and to aspirate gel. TVAC has an outer diameter of 4.5 Fr and is available with a 7 Fr guide. We report a case of acute myocardial infarction that was successfully treated with TVAC after use of other aspiration devices failed in its treatment. Since protection of microcirculation in coronary reperfusion may be essential in acute myocardial infarction, TVAC is a promising device to help achieve this goal. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2004;63:299–306. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Noncardiac surgery following percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Mendoza Cesar E. , Virani Salim S. , Shah Neerav , Ferreira Alexandre C. , de Marchena Eduardo 
Published: October 2004

AbstractPatient with Coronary artery disease (CAD) undergoing major noncardiac surgery (NCS) are at increased risk of serious perioperative cardiac complications. At the same time, safety of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) before noncardiac surgery has been questioned. This paper reviews the available literature regarding the safety of PCI before NCS. At the same time, cardiac evaluation before NCS, perioperative medical management of patients undergoing NCS, and percutaneous coronary intervention and timing of NCS is also discussed. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2004;63:267–273. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A phase II trial of combination chemotherapy and surgical resection for the treatment of metastatic adrenocortical carcinoma
Authors: Abraham Jame , Bakke Susan , Rutt Ann , Meadows Beverly , Merino Maria , Alexander Richard , Schrump David , Bartlett David , Choyke Peter , Robey Rob , Hung Elizabeth , Steinberg Seth M. , Bates Susan , Fojo Tito 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDAdrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is rare, nearly always fatal, and to the authors' knowledge has few nonsurgical treatment options. Based on in vitro studies demonstrating the efficacy of mitotane as a P‐glycoprotein (Pgp) antagonist, and expression of high levels of Pgp in ACC, the authors conducted a study of infusional doxorubicin, vincristine, and etoposide with oral mitotane ± surgical resection in patients with metastatic ACC.METHODSThirty‐six patients with metastatic ACC received daily oral mitotane (mean, 4.6 g/day) and 96‐hour infusional doxorubicin (10 mg/m2/day), etoposide (75 mg/m2/day), and vincristine (0.4 mg/m2/day). Four responding patients (11%) underwent surgery.RESULTSThirty‐five patients were evaluable; all had metastatic disease. Eleven patients had not undergone resection of the primary tumor. Approximately 53% of patients had functional tumors. A total of 190 cycles were administered to 36 patients. Responses were observed in 8 patients (22%): 1 complete, 4 partial, and 3 minor responses. The mean duration of response was 12.4 months. Using a landmark method, the median survival of patients who did not respond to chemotherapy was 11.6 months from a point 4 months after the initiation of therapy, whereas that of 8 patients who demonstrated a response to chemotherapy was 34.3 months from that same landmark. High levels of Pgp expression were documented in nine of nine tumors. Mitotane levels > 10 μg/mL, previously shown to antagonize Pgp in vitro, were achieved in 25 of 36 patients (69%). However, rhodamine efflux from CD56‐positive cells was not impaired, suggesting poor in vivo Pgp inhibition. The predominant Grade 3/4 toxicity (according to the Common Toxicity Criteria of the National Cancer Institute) was neutropenia in 66% of cycles; however, fever occurred in only 3% of cycles. Daily mitotane was associated with Grade 1/2 nausea, diarrhea, fatigue, and neuropsychiatric changes in 31 of 36 patients (86%).CONCLUSIONSUsing a combination regimen of daily mitotane with infusional doxorubicin, vincristine, and etoposide in patients with metastatic ACC, responses were observed in 22% of patients. The superiority of this combination over single‐agent mitotane is uncertain. The side effects of mitotane made treatment difficult. More effective Pgp antagonists are needed. Cancer 2002;94:2333–43. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10487
Saddle solutions of the balanced bistable diffusion equation
Authors: Shi Junping 
Published: October 2004

AbstractWe prove that Δu + f(u) = 0 has a unique entire solution u(x, y) on ℝ2 which has the same sign as the function xy, where f is a balanced bistable function like f(u) = u − u3. But we neither assume f is odd nor assume the monotonicity properties of f(u)/u. Our result generalizes a previous result by Dang, Fife, and Peletier [12]. Our approach combines bifurcation methods and recent results on the qualitative properties for elliptic equations in unbounded domains by Berestycki, Caffarelli and Nirenberg [5, 6]. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fine‐needle aspiration biopsy of axillary lymph nodes
Authors: Jaffer Shabnam , Zakowski Maureen 
Published: October 2004

AbstractTo assess the efficacy of fine‐needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of axillary lymph nodes (ALN), we retrospectively analyzed 140 FNAB of ALN at Memorial Sloan‐Kettering Cancer Center, examining technique and cytologic‐histologic correlation. Of the 140 FNAB, 124 were performed by the conventional method and 16 by ultrasound guidance (USG). The diagnoses included: unsatisfactory, 20; negative, 38; positive, 72; suspicious, 6; and indeterminate, 4. Positive diagnoses included: carcinoma, 44.4%; melanoma, 43.0%; lymphoma, 5.6%; sarcoma, 5.6%; and mesothelioma, 1.4%; one of which was false‐positive, attributed to misinterpretation. All indeterminate and most false‐negative cases were due to lymphoproliferative conditions. The sensitivity and specificity of FNAB of ALN were 94.7% and 97.1% and the adequacy rate was 85.7%. The sensitivity, specificity, and adequacy rates of USG FNAB were 100%. Our study shows that FNAB of ALN is an excellent method for diagnosing reactive conditions as well as neoplasms. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2002;26:69–74; DOI 10.1002/dc.10051 © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Atypical squamous metaplasia of seromas in breast needle aspirates from irradiated lumpectomy sites: A potential pitfall for false‐positive diagnoses of carcinoma
Authors: Saad Reda S. , Silverman Jan F. , Julian Thomas , Clary Karen M. , Sturgis Charles D. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe presence of squamous metaplasic cells is an uncommon finding in fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) biopsies of the breast. We report that FNA smears containing atypical squamous metaplastic cells derived from the lining of seroma‐type cavities following lumpectomy and irradiation in patients with breast cancer can be a potential pitfall for a false‐positive diagnosis of recurrent malignancy. Four fine‐needle breast aspirates from two adult patients with previous histories of invasive breast carcinoma were retrieved. One specimen was from a 56‐yr‐old female, while the remaining three FNAs aspirates were from a 75‐yr‐old female. Both patients presented with indurated cystic lesions arising at irradiated lumpectomy sites. The cytospins from the 56‐yr‐old patient showed markedly atypical cells having enlarged, degenerating, hyperchromatic nuclei and surrounding dense cytoplasm with sharp borders that were suspicious for carcinoma. A mastectomy revealed irradiation changes and atypical squamous metaplastic cells lining a cystic cavity consistent with a seroma, but there was no evidence of residual cancer. After three aspirations yielded “atypical” diagnoses, the second patient underwent core needle biopsies that also revealed changes consistent with a seroma cavity lined by atypical squamous metaplastic cells. We believe this is the first report of squamous metaplasia occurring in a seroma cavity following lumpectomy and irradiation of the breast. The squamous metaplastic cells in aspirates of these cystic lesions may display significant cellular atypia that can potentially result in a false‐positive diagnosis of malignancy. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2002;26:104–108; DOI 10.1002/dc.10054 © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Psammoma bodies in cervicovaginal smears: Incidence and significance
Authors: Parkash Vinita , Chacho Mary S. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractPsammoma bodies (PB) are seen in a wide variety of gynecologic conditions. However, only a few reports address the incidence or significance of PB in cervicovaginal smears (CVS). Twenty patients with PBs in CVS were identified over a 5‐yr period during which time 82,840 CVS were screened. Nine cases were associated with malignancy: six uterine serous/clear cell carcinoma, two serous ovarian carcinoma, and one fallopian tube carcinoma. The remaining 11 were benign: one had an ovarian cystadenofibroma and one had PB associated with benign endometrium and endosalpingiosis. In the remaining nine cases, PB were not found on additional studies, although four gave a history of oral contraception and one each had chronic endometritis and IUD in place. The presence of atypical glandular cells diagnostic of carcinoma was the only single feature that predicted carcinoma (7/7). A combination of clinicopathologic features were helpful predictors of malignancy: postmenopausal bleeding (8/9 cases), age over 45 (9/9 cases), and abnormal clinical examination (5/9 cases). Conversely, benignancy was associated with postmenopausal bleeding in 1/11 cases, age over 45 in 3/11 cases and abnormal clinical examination in 2/11 cases. The incidence of PB in our series consecutively screened smears is 8 per 82,840 smears (0.009%). Unlike prior reports, we found that the presence of PB on CVS is not as ominous a finding as previously indicated, as only 12.5% (1/8) of patients with PB on their CVS harbor carcinoma. PB in a CVS in a young patient merits a thorough examination, but not surgical exploration in the absence of additional clinical findings or atypical cells on the CVS. Older patients (>45 yr) have a higher incidence of malignancy, even in the absence of clinical findings or atypical cells on CVS, and may warrant a surgical exploration. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2002;26:81–86; DOI 10.1002/dc.10058 © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
3D‐HDTV digital coding scheme conforming to MPEG‐2 with full use of disparity compensation
Authors: Naito Sei , Matsumoto Shuichi 
Published: October 2004

Abstract3D‐HDTV is regarded as the high‐definition image application to succeed HDTV. Narrowband real‐time transmission of 3D‐HDTV is expected to be implemented by highly efficient compression techniques that utilize the features of a stereoscopic moving image. In this paper, the principal objectives are to reduce the image quality differences between the channels and to develop more advanced element technologies based on disparity compensation. Within the MPEG‐2 multiview profile framework, which is the international standard for stereoscopic coding, a 3D‐HDTV moving image coding scheme was investigated and its performance evaluated based on simulation test results. First, in addition to introducing common buffer control given the objective of reducing the image quality difference between the channels, the optimum GOP setting for 3D‐HDTV coding is explained. Furthermore, advanced techniques for motion estimation and rate control implemented based on disparity compensation are proposed and shown to be effective in implementing highly efficient 3D‐HDTV coding. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 85(2): 51–60, 2002
Characterization of contact resistance of low‐value resistor by transmission line model (TLM) method
Authors: Kamimura Kiichi , Okada Shinsuke , Nakao Masato , Onuma Yoshiharu , Yamashita Shozo 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBy means of the TLM (Transmission Line Model), the electrode contact resistance is measured and evaluated separately from the total resistance. Ni‐Cr alloy or Cu‐Ni alloy is used in the resistor. The samples for measurement have electrodes formed by electroplating of copper. In addition to deriving the theoretical values by the TLM taking account of the resistance of the electrode metal, the computed values of the resistance are compared with the measured results. When the surface resistance is neglected, the contact resistance per unit area is approximately 2 → 3 × 10−9 Ω m2 between Cu and Ni‐Cr alloy and 2 × 10−10 Ω m2 between Cu and Cu‐Ni alloy. From studies including the temperature characteristics, it is found that the performance of the electrodes dominates the characteristics in a low‐resistance high‐precision resistor. © 2002 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 85(3): 16–22, 2002
Environmental low‐frequency magnetic field due to direct‐current electric railcars
Authors: Yamazaki Keita , Kato Kazuo , Kobayashi Koichiro , Kawamata Ken , Saga Akiyoshi , Goto Noboru , Minegishi Shigeki , Haga Akira 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBiomagnetic signals are very weak compared with those of the environmental magnetic field due to trains and motorcars. Trains, especially direct‐current electric railcars, seem to be one of the main urban magnetic noise sources of low frequency in Japan, as indicated by comparing the fluctuation of the magnetic field during the day when there are many trains with that at night when there are no trains. In this paper, the relationship between the environmental magnetic field and the electric current of the direct‐current electric railcar of the personal track is discussed. Next, the fluctuation of the magnetic field is calculated from that of the unbalanced electric current between feeder line and railroad, which could be obtained as the leakage electric current to the ground. The validity of the calculation is verified by comparison with measurements. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 137(3): 10–21, 2001
3D imaging of lightning channel and leader progression velocity
Authors: Yoshihashi Sachiko , Kawasaki Ichiro , Matsuura Kenji , Isoda Hitoshi , Sonoi Yasuo 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThree‐dimensional imaging of lightning channels by means of UHF interferometers is performed. To realize this, a field campaign was conducted with two observation sites in Darwin, Australia. The distance between the two sites is about 14 km, and the triangulation scheme is applied to estimate locations of UHF radiation sources. Since the UHF radiation is more likely during the leader progression than in the return stroke phase, imaging of lightning channels is obtained mainly for downward leaders. Velocities of downward leaders are estimated and statistics are presented for first and subsequent strokes. The result is consistent with those of former investigations obtained by optical observations. The statistics for the velocity of leader propagation inside thunderclouds are presented herein. Using optical measurement, velocity estimation of leader progressions inside thunderclouds is impossible, and the presented results are concluded to be the first results of their kind. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 137(3): 22–28, 2001
Modulating skeletal muscle mass by postnatal, muscle‐specific inactivation of the myostatin gene
Authors: Grobet Luc , Pirottin Dimitri , Farnir Frédéric , Poncelet Dominique , Royo Luis Jose , Brouwers Benoît , Christians Elisabeth , Desmecht Daniel , Coignoul Freddy , Kahn Ronald , Georges Michel 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBy using a conditional gene targeting approach exploiting the cre‐lox system, we show that postnatal inactivation of the myostatin gene in striated muscle is sufficient to cause a generalized muscular hypertrophy of the same magnitude as that observed for constitutive myostatin knockout mice. This formally demonstrates that striated muscle is the production site of functional myostatin and that this member of the TGFβ family of growth and differentiation factors regulates muscle mass not only during early embryogenesis but throughout development. It indicates that myostatin antagonist could be used to treat muscle wasting and to promote muscle growth in man and animals. genesis 35:227–238, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Generation of Ci‐Brachyury‐GFP stable transgenic lines in the ascidian Ciona savignyi
Authors: Deschet Karine , Nakatani Yuki , Smith William C. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractSummary: We report generation of stable transgenic lines of the ascidian Ciona savignyi carrying a Ciona intestinalis‐Brachyury‐promoter/Green Fluorescent Protein‐reporter (Ci‐Bra‐GFP) construct. The transgenic lines were made using a technique in which the endonuclease I‐SceI was coinjected into fertilized eggs with a transgene construct containing flanking recognition sites for I‐SceI. Two founder animals, out of 12 F0 adults tested, were found to transmit the transgene to their offspring (F1s) at frequencies of 42% and 23%. The transgene was further inherited by the F2 in a Mendelian fashion and displayed nonmosaic expression, indicating integration into the genome. The Mendelian inheritance and the absence of mosaicism persisted through the F3 and F4 generations. Southern blot analyses showed that the transgene was organized in tandem arrays of no more than 10 copies. Using these Ci‐Bra‐GFP transgenics, we describe cellular movements and shape changes involved in notochord morphogenesis in both wildtype and mutant embryos. genesis 35:248–259, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Waiting time and doctor shopping in a mixed medical economy
Authors: Yeung Raymond Y.T. , Leung Gabriel M. , McGhee Sarah M. , Johnston Janice M. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractWaiting time generally acts as a rationing mechanism in the public health care system. In theory, patients who have a higher valuation of time are more likely to seek alternative care (i.e. doctor shopping) if there is a parallel private sector than those who have weaker time preference. However, the existing settings of many health care systems do not allow patients to reveal their preference of such. The data presented in this study suggest a positive association between patients' expressed value of time and doctor shopping behaviour in Hong Kong. Patients who were assigned longer waiting times relative to their expected horizon were more likely to seek private alternative care. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Heat and mass transfer of seed drying in a two‐pass infrared radiation vibrated bed
Authors: Zhu Kai , Zou Jin , Chu Zhide , Li Xun 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBased on the investigation of drying of seeds by one‐pass infrared radiation vibration, the present study developed a two‐pass infrared radiation vibrated dryer. One of its characteristics was that during the drying process both seeds and the inlet hot air went through outer and inner cylinders (two‐pass) so that the drying travel distance of seeds was extended by 20%. Unsteady drying dynamic experiments showed that by increasing the inner travel distance, the seed dehydration rate increased by 87%, the total drying period was 1/1.8 times that of the one‐pass dryer, and the seed temperature was 0.82 times that of the one‐pass dryer. With the constant‐drying‐rate period prolonged and the drying rate increased due to the addition of the inner cylinder, the whole drying process was better adaptable to the physiology and biology of seeds and thus kept the seeds viable and enhanced heat and mass transfer. Against the drying rate equation, the paper experimentally studied the effects of radiation, convection, and conduction on the seed drying process. The study provided theoretical and technical bases for the drying of various vegetable seeds. © 2002 Scripta Technica, Heat Trans Asian Res, 31(2): 141–147, 2002; DOI 10.1002/htj.10024