bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ovarian cancer: Can we make the clinical diagnosis earlier?
Authors: Smith Lloyd H. , Morris Cyllene R. , Yasmeen Shagufta , Parikh‐Patel Arti , Cress Rosemary D. , Romano Patrick S. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDPatients with ovarian cancer often report having symptoms for months before diagnosis, but such findings are subject to recall bias. The aim of this study was to provide an objective evaluation of symptoms that precede a diagnosis of ovarian cancer.METHODSMedicare provider claims linked to records in the California Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data base were utilized to extract diagnosis and procedure codes for 1985 women age 68 years or older who resided in California with ovarian cancer, 6024 elderly women with localized breast cancer, and 10,941 age‐matched, Medicare‐enrolled women without cancer. Prevalence of rates of symptom‐related diagnoses and procedure codes in Medicare claims records were obtained during 3‐month periods up to 36 months before diagnosis of ovarian cancer.RESULTSFrom 1 month to 3 months before patients were diagnosed with ovarian cancer, the frequency and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) for 4 “target symptom” code groups were: abdominal pain (frequency, 30.6%; OR, 6.0; 95%CI, 5.1–6.9), abdominal swelling (frequency, 16.5%; OR, 30.9; 95%CI, 21.4–44.8), gastrointestinal symptoms (frequency, 8.4%; OR, 2.3; 95%CI, 1.8–3.0), and pelvic pain (frequency, 5.4%; OR, 4.3; 95%CI, 2.8–6.7). The adjusted odds for abdominal swelling codes was elevated 10–12 months before diagnosis (OR, 2.4; 95%CI, 1.2–4.6) for abdominal pain codes 7–9 months before diagnosis (OR, 1.3; 95%CI, 1.1–1.7). Abdominal imaging (frequency, 7.0%; OR, 1.3; 95%CI, 1.0–1.7) and pelvic imaging/CA125 (frequency, 3.7%; OR, 2.4; 95%CI, 1.7–3.4) showed an elevated frequency and adjusted odds 4–6 months before diagnosis. Patients with claims codes for “target symptoms” 4–36 months before diagnosis were more likely to have abdominal imaging (61.1%) or gastrointestinal procedures (30.8%) than pelvic imaging/CA125 (25.3%).CONCLUSIONSPatients with ovarian cancer were more likely than patients with breast cancer and women in a cancer‐free control group to have target symptom codes (particularly abdominal swelling and pain) > 6 months before diagnosis. The evaluation of women with unexplained “target symptoms” should include pelvic imaging and/or CA125. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Phase I trial and pharmacokinetics of escalating doses of paclitaxel and concurrent hyperfractionated radiotherapy with or without amifostine in patients with advanced head and neck carcinoma
Authors: Amrein Philip C. , Clark John R. , Supko Jeffrey G. , Fabian Richard L. , Wang Chiu C. , Colevas A. Dimitrios , Posner Marshall R. , Deschler Daniel G. , Rocco James W. , Finkelstein Dianne M. , McIntyre James F. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDAmifostine was developed to protect normal tissues from radiation exposure. The current study was undertaken to determine whether amifostine would allow the delivery of greater numbers of weekly paclitaxel treatments with concomitant, hyperfractionated radiotherapy in patients with advanced head and neck carcinoma.METHODSPatients received radiation therapy twice daily using 1.6‐gray (Gy) fractions up to a total of 70.4 Gy over an elapsed time of 6.5 weeks. All patients received paclitaxel 60 mg/m2 once weekly starting on Day 1. The number of doses of paclitaxel was escalated from three to a maximum of six in groups of three patients. For the patients who received amifostine, a dose of 400 mg/m2 was given intravenously over 15 minutes on Days 1–5, 8, 29–33, and 36. Patients underwent surgery for persistent tumor after radiotherapy. The plasma pharmacokinetics of paclitaxel were characterized during treatment with the first weekly dose to determine the effect of concurrently administered amifostine.RESULTSThirty‐six patients were evaluable for this study. In the absence of amifostine, a maximum of four doses of paclitaxel were tolerated in combination with the radiotherapy. With amifostine, up to five doses of paclitaxel could be given. Generally, the treatment resulted in Grade 2 and 3 stomatitis. Overall, 69% of patients had a complete remission, and 29% had a partial remission. Both progression‐free survival and overall survival were 66% at 30 months. Amifostine had no effect on the pharmacokinetics of paclitaxel.CONCLUSIONSThe administration of amifostine allowed the authors to give an additional dose of paclitaxel to patients who were undergoing hyperfractionated radiotherapy for head and neck carcinoma. This treatment regimen resulted in a high frequency of complete remissions and an excellent progression‐free survival pattern without compromising the plasma kinetics of paclitaxel. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Comparison of predictive accuracy of four prognostic models for nonmetastatic renal cell carcinoma after nephrectomy
Authors: Cindolo Luca , Patard Jean‐Jacques , Chiodini Paolo , Schips Luigi , Ficarra Vincenzo , Tostain Jacques , de La Taille Alexandre , Altieri Vincenzo , Lobel Bernard , Zigeuner Richard E. , Artibani Walter , Guillé François , Abbou Claude C. , Salzano Luigi , Gallo Ciro 
Published: August 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe objective of the current study was to compare, in a large multicenter study, the discriminating accuracy of four prognostic models developed to predict the survival of patients undergoing nephrectomy for nonmetastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC).METHODSA total of 2404 records of patients from 6 European centers were retrospectively reviewed. For each patient, prognostic scores were calculated according to four models: the Kattan model, the University of California at Los Angeles integrated staging system (UISS) model, the Yaycioglu model, and the Cindolo model. Survival curves were estimated by the Kaplan–Meier method and compared by the log‐rank test. Discriminating ability was assessed by the Harrell c‐index for censored data. The primary end point was overall survival (OS), and the secondary end points were cancer‐specific survival (CSS) and disease recurrence‐free survival (RFS).RESULTSAt last follow‐up, 541 subjects had died of any causes, with a 5‐year OS rate of 80%. The 5‐year CSS and RFS rates were 85% and 78%, respectively. All models discriminated well (P < 0.0001). The c‐indexes for OS were 0.706 for the Kattan nomogram, 0.683 for the UISS model, and 0.589 and 0.615 for the Yaycioglu and Cindolo models, respectively. The Kattan nomogram was found to improve discrimination substantially in the UISS intermediate‐risk patients.CONCLUSIONSThe current study appears to better define the general applicability of prognostic models for predicting survival in patients with nonmetastatic RCC treated with nephrectomy. The results suggest that postoperative models discriminate substantially better than preoperative ones. The Kattan model was consistently found to be the most accurate, although the UISS model was only slightly less well performing. The Kattan model can be useful in the UISS intermediate‐risk patients. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Presentation and subsequent publication rates of phase I oncology clinical trials
Authors: Camacho Luis H. , Bacik Jennifer , Cheung Alexander , Spriggs David R. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDMany trials submitted to scientific meetings are not reported in peer‐reviewed journals. Results may vary substantially and the lack of final publication constitutes a form of reporting bias. The authors sought to determine the presentation and publication rates of Phase I trials submitted to a major oncology meeting and the factors impeding their subsequent publication.METHODSThe authors identified all Phase I studies submitted to the annual meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology in 1997, categorizing them as novel (agents not approved by the Food and Drug Administration at the time of submission) or nonnovel (at least one agent approved), and as industry sponsored or not. MEDLINE searches and an E‐mailed questionnaire confirmed publication in peer‐reviewed literature and the reasons for nonpublication.RESULTSApproximately 54% of the 275 Phase I studies were selected for presentation. Abstracts reporting novel agents were more likely selected for presentation than those reporting nonnovel compounds (68% vs. 38%; P < 0.0001). Seventy‐two percent of the presented abstracts were subsequently published, compared with 62% of those not presented (P = 0.08). The overall publication rate was 67% at 7.5 years. Presentation status was associated with time to publication (P = 0.01), with abstracts chosen for presentation being published sooner. The median time from presentation to publication was found to be 3.4 years. Lack of time and author relocation were the major obstacles to publication.CONCLUSIONSThe underreporting of final results of Phase I oncology trials remains a serious problem. In the future, investigators must commit to the publication of final results in a timely manner. Journals should provide mechanisms for rapid reporting of Phase I trials. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Survival analysis of presumptive prognostic markers among oligodendrogliomas
Authors: McLendon Roger E. , Herndon James E. , West Bryan , Reardon David , Wiltshire Rodney , Rasheed B. K. Ahmed , Quinn Jennifer , Friedman Henry S. , Friedman Allan H. , Bigner Darell D. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDAllelic losses of 1p and 19q arms correlate with the oligodendroglial phenotype as well as with sensitivity to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Furthermore, the DNA repair gene, methylguanine methyltransferase (MGMT), is diminished in 80% of oligodendroglial tumors and represents a possible mechanism for this therapeutic sensitivity. However, the authors questioned the relevance of genetic testing and measuring MGMT levels in tumors that were diagnostic of oligodendroglioma.METHODSThe authors performed a retrospective analysis of 1p, 19q, 9p21, TP53, and MGMT status in 46 patients with oligodendrogliomas to address any relations that may exist among these markers with regard to progression‐free survival (PFS) and total survival. Methodologies included comparative genomic hybridization; loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on 1p, 19q, and 9p21; TP53 mutational analysis; and immunohistochemistry for MGMT.RESULTSThe authors found that survival among patients with light microscopically diagnosed oligodendroglial tumors demonstrating LOH of 1p and 19q trended toward statistical significance (P = 0.102 and P = 0.058, respectively). 9p21 LOH was significant as a predictor of PFS only among anaplastic oligodendrogliomas in this cohort (P = 0.033). TP53 mutation was found to be significantly predictive of a shorter survival (P = 0.027) among all patients and exhibited a strong trend toward a shorter PFS (P = 0.060). Low‐level MGMT labeling index (LI) (< 20%) was noted in 86% of all oligodendroglial tumors. MGMT LI was not found to correlate with an improved PFS or total survival in this cohort, recognizing that median survival was not reached after a median follow‐up of 104 months.CONCLUSIONS9p21 and TP53 mutational status assisted in developing a stricter subclassification of these tumors with prognostic significance. MGMT levels were decreased in a majority of oligodendrogliomas. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Changes in bone mineral density and body composition during initial and long‐term gonadotropin‐releasing hormone agonist treatment for prostate carcinoma
Authors: Lee Hang , McGovern Katelyn , Finkelstein Joel S. , Smith Matthew R. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDInitial treatment with a gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist increases fat mass, decreases lean body mass, and decreases bone mineral density (BMD) in men with prostate carcinoma. To the authors' knowledge, little is known regarding either the long‐term effects of treatment or predictors of treatment‐related changes in BMD and body composition.METHODSThe authors analyzed prospective 12‐month data from 65 men during initial and long‐term GnRH agonist treatment for prostate carcinoma. Relationships between baseline characteristics (age, treatment duration, body mass index, and baseline values for outcome of interest) and changes in lean mass, fat mass, and BMD were assessed using univariate and multivariate regression models.RESULTSMean BMD of total hip decreased by 1.9 ± 2.7%, lean body mass decreased by 2.0 ± 3.3%, and fat mass increased by 6.6 ± 9.4% at 12 months (P < 0.001 for each comparison). Twenty‐three men (35%) had received treatment with a GnRH agonist before study entry, and the mean (± standard deviation) duration of previous treatment was 35 ± 41 months. Longer duration of previous GnRH agonist treatment was found to independently predict less fat accumulation and less loss of lean body mass in multivariate models. In contrast, the duration of GnRH agonist treatment did not significantly predict changes in BMD. Other covariates did not appear to predict changes in body composition or BMD consistently.CONCLUSIONSThe results of the current study showed that fat mass increased and lean body mass decreased mostly during initial GnRH agonist therapy whereas BMD decreased steadily during initial and long‐term treatment. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Series resonant ZCS‐PFM DC‐DC power converter with high‐frequency high‐voltage transformer link for high‐power magnetron drive
Authors: Ishitobi Manabu , Myoi Takeshi , Soshin Koji , Hiraki Eiji , Nakaoka Mutsuo 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThis paper presents a single lossless inductive snubber‐assisted ZCS‐PFM series resonant DC‐DC power converter with a high‐frequency high‐voltage transformer link for industrial‐use high‐power magnetron drive. The current flowing through the active power switches rises gradually at a turned‐on transient state with the aid of a single lossless snubber inductor, and ZCS turn‐on commutation based on overlapping current can be achieved via the wide range pulse frequency modulation control scheme. The high‐frequency high‐voltage transformer primary side resonant current always becomes continuous operation mode, by electromagnetic loose coupling design of the high‐frequency high‐voltage transformer and the magnetizing inductance of the high‐frequency high‐voltage transformer. As a result, this high‐voltage power converter circuit for the magnetron can achieve a complete zero current soft switching under the condition of broad width gate voltage signals. Furthermore, this high‐voltage DC‐DC power converter circuit can regulate the output power from zero to full over audible frequency range via the two resonant frequency circuit design. Its operating performances are evaluated and discussed on the basis of the power loss analysis simulation and the experimental results from a practical point of view. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 153(3): 79–87, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20126
Control for four‐wheel individual steering and four‐wheel driven electronic vehicle
Authors: Oshima Hiroyasu , Tani Masashi , Kobayashi Nobuaki , Ishii Akira , Imai Katsuya 
Published: August 2005

AbstractAn indoor four‐wheel individual steering and driving vehicle with full electronics was built for evaluation of the system's ability and the performance in practical use. Mechanical parts such as the connecting rod and the differential gear are not provided for this vehicle. Copyright © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.From trial operation, the characteristics fully performed as in design, but some problems originating from the design concept were disclosed.
Rotating radius (R) of the vehicle was taken for the steering command parameter, but it was found to not be an appropriate parameter for driving operation. The reasons are as follows:

1) R has a much different sense of driving conformability for the driver, because it does not refer to the running direction, but to the rotating radius of crosswise direction.
2) Sensitivity of each wheel steering angle versus R differs over double figures in the full range of R.
3) R changed from plus to minus and also vice versa in most practical situations around straight‐go operation.
For these reasons, the steering command parameter was changed from R to α, where α is the angle between the vehicle lengthwise direction and the moving direction. The steering control algorithm using α has been proven to solve the three above‐mentioned problems. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 153(3): 71–78, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20160
Langerhans cells are more efficiently transduced than dermal dendritic cells by adenovirus vectors expressing either group C or group B fibre protein: Implications for mucosal vaccines
Authors: Rozis George , de Silva Shamika , Benlahrech Adel , Papagatsias Timos , Harris Julian , Gotch Frances , Dickson George , Patterson Steven 
Published: August 2005

AbstractVaccines against viruses need to target dendritic cells (DC) and stimulate mucosal immunity. Most vaccine studies have focussed on monocyte‐derived or dermal DC (dDC) but recent evidence suggests that Langerhans cells (LC) may stimulate mucosal immunity more effectively. New chimeric adenovirus vectors expressing fibre protein from group B adenoviruses (rAd5/11), which utilise CD46 rather than the Coxsackie adenovirus receptor (CAR), have been developed as vaccines to improve transduction and overcome problems of pre‐existing vector immunity. Transduction of LC and dDC by rAd5/11 and standard rAd5 expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) showed that both DC types were more efficiently transduced by rAd5/11 than by rAd5. Although expression of CD46 and the integrins αvβ3 and αvβ5, which recognise the adenovirus penton base and mediate virus internalisation, was similar in LC and dDC, LC expressed higher levels of GFP. Transduction by electroporation of plasmid also resulted in higher GFP expression in LC, suggesting differences between the two DC populations at a post‐entry stage. Transduction with either vector did not induce maturation of LC or dDC and did not affect their ability to stimulate T cells. These findings suggest that vaccine strategies that target LC with adenovirus vectors may be worthy of exploration.
Mitogen‐activated protein kinase and activator protein‐1 dependent signals are essential for Bacteroides fragilis enterotoxin‐induced enteritis
Authors: Kim Jung Mogg , Jung Hwoon Yong , Lee Jin Young , Youn Jeehee , Lee Chul‐Hoon , Kim Kyoung‐Ho 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe approximately 20‐kDa heat‐labile toxin produced by enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis is known to be associated with the development of enteritis. However, the molecular mechanism involved is not yet fully understood. In this study, we assessed whether B. fragilis enterotoxin (BFT)‐induced enteritis is related to mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. In human colon epithelial cells, BFT activated three major MAPK cascades. The activation of p38 was sustained for a relatively long period, while the stimulation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinases (ERK) and c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) was transient. BFT stimulation also activated AP‐1 signals composed of c‐Jun/c‐Fos heterodimers. The p38 inhibitor SB203580 and the ERK inhibitor U0126 reduced not only AP‐1 activity, but also decreased IL‐8 and MCP‐1 expression. In addition, the overexpression of superrepressors for c‐Jun and Ras induced by BFT stimulation decreased the levels of IL‐8 and MCP‐1 production. Furthermore, SB203580 prevented BFT‐induced colitis in the mouse ileum, as evidenced by significant decreases in villous destruction, neutrophil infiltration, and mucosal congestion. These results suggest that a pathway, including Ras, MAPK, and subsequent AP‐1 activation, is required for IL‐8 and MCP‐1 expression in intestinal epithelial cells exposed to BFT, and can be involved in the development of enteritis.
Bio‐Inspired Multistate Networks Responsive to Light, pH and Thermal Inputs – An Example of a Multistate System Operating Through Different Algorithms
Authors: Giestas Letícia , Folgosa Filipe , Lima João C. , Parola A. Jorge , Pina Fernando 
Published: August 2005

AbstractTwo multistate networks based on 4′‐acetamidoflavylium and 4′‐aminoflavylium, possessing six‐ and sevenfold multistates, respectively, and that can be reversibly interchanged by inputs of light, pH jumps and heat, are characterized. The two networks are connected irreversibly, the 4′‐acetamidoflavylium being transformable into the 4′‐aminoflavylium by means of a heat input in extremely acidic solutions. The possibility of performing several different write‐read‐erase cycles, as models for optical memories operating by different algorithms, is discussed. An upper level of operation of these photochromic devices in which the algorithms are used as inputs to switch between the several memory cycles is proposed. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Prevalence, risk factors and aging vulnerability for psychopathology following a natural disaster in a developing country
Authors: Kohn Robert , Levav Itzhak , Garcia Irma Donaire , Machuca Miguel E. , Tamashiro Rita 
Published: August 2005

AbstractObjectivesThis study explored the psychopathological reactions to a natural disaster and their respective risk factors among the elderly in Honduras and their vulnerability as compared to other adults.Study subjects and sampleEight hundred respondents of both genders aged 15 years and above, of which 103 were 60 and over, were selected from high, middle and low residential status areas in Tegucigalpa that had suffered high and low exposure to the devastating effects of Hurricane Mitch.Research instrumentsCIDI was used to diagnose PTSD and the Impact of Events Scale was administered as a measure of severity of post‐traumatic reaction. Depression and alcohol misuse were examined using screening instruments. The SRQ was used as both a measure of emotional distress and dichotomized to screen for probable psychiatric disorder.ResultsPTSD, depression and SRQ‐case were found, respectively in 13.6%, 18.8%, and 21.4% of the elderly. Their reactions did not differ in frequency than of those of younger adults. Among the elderly, pre‐hurricane psychological problems and the intensity of exposure were associated with increased risk for all outcomes measured except for alcohol misuse.ConclusionNo evidence was found for a differential vulnerability on the part of the elderly as compared with younger adults. Among the elderly increasing age was not a factor. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.