bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coping with investigations and statement-writing
Authors: Peate Ian 
Published: October 2023

Investigations are held for a number of reasons, for example, if a complaint has been made, following allegations made, or when an incident at work has occurred. The healthcare assistant and assistant practitioner (HCA and AP) may be required to assist their organisation if such issues have arisen: they may be required to provide a statement. Writing a statement can be daunting; always seek advice prior to writing a statement. Usually, investigation reports that are related to health and care provision follow a particular format. This article discusses types of investigations and incident report writing. Discussion is provided regarding the compilation of a statement.
Recruitment 1: how to apply for jobs
Authors: Nazarko Linda 
Published: October 2023

This first article in a series on recruitment looks at the preliminary steps to take on the way to a new career, or a new stage in an existing career. If you are considering a healthcare assistant (HCA) role, there is a huge range of areas in which you could work, including dietetic, maternity, occupational therapy, and speech and language, to name only a few (see Table 1 for more detail). There are three main sectors that you can work in: the NHS; independent (private); and voluntary (charitable). There is a good variety of resources that help you in every aspect of your career search.
Compact plasmon modulator based on the spatial control of carrier density in indium tin oxide
Authors: Hu Xuefang , Yang Sisi , Zhou Guangyu , Liu Bangquan , Sun Dechao , Lu Mengjia , Lu Changgui 
Published: October 2023

To keep pace with the demands of semiconductor integration technology, a semiconductor device should offer a small footprint. Here, we demonstrate a compact electro-optic modulator by controlling the spatial distribution of carrier density in indium tin oxide (ITO). The proposed structure is mainly composed of a symmetrical metal electrode layer, calcium fluoride dielectric layer, and an ITO propagating layer. The carrier density on the surface of the ITO exhibits a periodical distribution when the voltage is applied on the electrode, which greatly enhances the interaction between the surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) and the ITO. This structure can not only effectively improve the modulation depth of the modulator, but also can further reduce the device size. The numerical results indicate that when the length, width, and height of the device are 14 µm, 5 µm, and 8 µm, respectively, the modulation depth can reach 37.1 dB at a wavelength of 3.66 µm. The structure can realize a broadband modulation in theory only if we select a different period of the electrode corresponding to the propagating wavelength of SPPs because the modulator is based on the scattering effect principle. This structure could potentially have high applicability for optoelectronic integration, optical communications, and optical sensors in the future.
Perceptions of oral nicotine pouches & their marketing among Ohio Appalachia smokers and smokeless tobacco users
Authors: Long Lauren , Alalwan Mahmood A. , Keller-Hamilton Brittney , Patterson Joanne G. , Roberts Megan E. , Wagener Theodore L. , Atkinson Leanne , Suraapaneni Sriya , Mays Darren 
Published: October 2023

Background
Oral nicotine pouches (ONPs) are novel products, gaining popularity and marketed as “tobacco-free” alternatives to cigarettes and smokeless tobacco (SLT), but their public health impact is unknown. This study qualitatively examined ONP appeal and perceptions among cigarette smokers and SLT users from Ohio Appalachia.

Methods
In 2022, we conducted 10 virtual focus groups with smokers (n = 19) and smokeless tobacco users (n = 18) from Appalachia Ohio aged ≥21 to examine perceptions of risks and benefits, substitutability for cigarettes and SLT, and ONP marketing. We transcribed focus groups verbatim, thematically coded transcripts, and analyzed coded data for prominent themes.

Results
Participants perceived ONPs to have similar or less risk than cigarettes/SLT but prominently discussed gastrointestinal and cardiovascular risks. Addiction risk was thought to be comparable to cigarettes/SLT, citing “nicotine is nicotine.” Participants viewed ONPs to be situational rather than complete substitutes for cigarettes/SLT, viewing them as “cleaner,” more socially acceptable, and discrete. Despite appealing features of ONP marketing, participants surmised ads would appeal to youth, new users, tobacco users seeking to cut down/quit, or to “high class,” “white-collar” demographics.

Conclusions
Participants’ perceptions of ONPs and their marketing suggest ONPs are more likely to be used as situational versus complete substitutes for cigarettes and SLT. While situational substitution could exacerbate disparities in Appalachia by facilitating more frequent tobacco/nicotine use, complete substitution could reduce disparities. Research is needed to understand how perceptions, the appeal of ONP marketing, and novel product features translate to patterns of use to understand ONPs’ potential impact.
Synthesis of low-VOC unsaturated polyester coatings for electrical insulation
Authors: Gümüş Selinay , Aksoy Kaan , Aytaç Ayşe 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The objective of this research is to develop an unsaturated polyester (UPE) varnish with low-volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Instead of using a solvent, the solvent-free varnish incorporates a reactive diluent to reduce viscosity and a catalyst to accelerate curing. To achieve this, vinyl toluene and 1,4-butanediol dimethacrylate were employed as curing agents. Sebacic acid (SA) and fumaric acid were utilized to create UPE coatings for electrical insulation. Various tests and measurements were made to evaluate the physical, thermal, and chemical structure determination, and electrical properties of the synthesized resins. Given the increasing demand for eco-friendly and low-VOC products, gas chromatography was employed to determine VOC levels. The study demonstrated that the electrical volume resistance of cross-linked coatings containing FA was 1.58 × 1015 Ω·cm, whereas coatings containing SA exhibited a measurement of 6.96 × 1011 Ω·cm. VOC levels in the UPE coatings were found to be in the range of 2.10–3.60%.
Intracranial germ cell tumors: a view of the endocrinologist
Authors: Tong Tao , Zhong Li-Yong 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Intracranial germ cell tumors (iGCTs) are rare malignant neoplasms that mainly affect children and adolescents. The incidence, clinical presentation, and prognosis of iGCTs exhibit high heterogeneity. Previous studies have primarily focused on eliminating tumors, reducing tumor recurrence, and improving survival rates, while neglecting the impact of the tumors and their treatment on neuroendocrine function. Throughout the entire course of the disease, neuroendocrine dysfunction may occur and is frequently overlooked by oncologists, neurosurgeons, and radiologists. Endocrinologists, however, are more interested in this issue and have varying priorities at different stages of the disease. From onset to the diagnostic phase, most patients with iGCTs may present with symptoms related to impaired neuroendocrine function, or even experience these symptoms as their first indication of the condition. Particularly, a minority of patients with sellar/suprasellar lesions may exhibit typical imaging features and elevated tumor markers long after the onset of initial symptoms. This can further complicate the diagnosis process. During the peritumor treatment phase, the neuroendocrine function shows dynamic changes and needs to be evaluated dynamically. Once diabetes insipidus and dysfunction of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal and hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axes occur, hormone replacement therapy should be administered promptly to ensure successful tumor treatment for the patient. Subsequently, during the long-term management phase after the completion of tumor treatment, the evaluation of growth and development as well as corresponding hormone replacement therapy are the most concerning and complex issues. Thus, this paper reviews the interest of endocrinologists in iGCTs at different stages.
Low intensity extracorporeal shockwave therapy for chronic pelvic pain syndrome: Long-term follow-up
Authors: Skaudickas Darijus , Lenčiauskas Povilas , Skaudickas Augustas , Undžytė Greta 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Chronic prostatitis (CP) is one of the diseases that reduce the quality of life (QoL) of young men. To date, there is no consensus on the management of these patients. It is essential to continue research into the treatment of CP, despite the use of various therapies, including low-energy extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT). The main objective of this study is to observe and record the clinical symptomatology of patients during a 48-week follow-up period after ESWT treatment. Between 2019 and 2021, 28 patients with type IIIB CP/chronic pelvic pain syndrome were enrolled. Patients underwent ESWT once weekly for 4 weeks (3,000 individual sessions, maximum total energy flux density 0.25 mJ/mm2, frequency 3 Hz). Participants were assessed at 0, 4, 12, 24, 36 and 48 weeks post-treatment using the visual analogue scale (VAS), National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI), and International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF)-5. The mean age of patients was 47.1 ± 13.7 years (range 28–4 years). The positive effect of LI-ESWT was reflected in improvements in VAS, NIH-CPSI, and IIEF-5 scores. Regression of patients’ symptoms was observed as early as 4 weeks after treatment. The greatest progress was achieved at week 24. In addition, a slight worsening was observed at week 36 and 48, with stable progress. The treatment significantly improved the QoL of the patients, with the most significant improvement in the VAS score. In conclusion, this treatment approach is safe, most effective in the first 6 months. Thereafter, the efficacy of the treatment diminishes, but is sustained over a longer period.
Tetraspanner‐based nanodomains modulate BAR domain‐induced membrane curvature
Authors: Haase Daniel , Rasch Christiane , Keller Ulrike , Tsytsyura Yaroslav , Glyvuk Nataliya , Elting Annegret , Wittmar Julia , Janning Annette , Kahms Martin , Wedlich Noah , Schuberth Christian , Heuer Andreas , Klingauf Jürgen , Wedlich‐Söldner Roland 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe topography of biological membranes is critical for formation of protein and lipid microdomains. One prominent example in the yeast plasma membrane (PM) are BAR domain‐induced PM furrows. Here we report a novel function for the Sur7 family of tetraspanner proteins in the regulation of local PM topography. Combining TIRF imaging, STED nanoscopy, freeze–fracture EM and membrane simulations we find that Sur7 tetraspanners form multimeric strands at the edges of PM furrows, where they modulate forces exerted by BAR domain proteins at the furrow base. Loss of Sur7 tetraspanners or Sur7 displacement due to altered PIP2 homeostasis leads to increased PM invagination and a distinct form of membrane tubulation. Physiological defects associated with PM tubulation are rescued by synthetic anchoring of Sur7 to furrows. Our findings suggest a key role for tetraspanner proteins in sculpting local membrane domains. The maintenance of stable PM furrows depends on a balance between negative curvature at the base which is generated by BAR domains and positive curvature at the furrows' edges which is stabilized by strands of Sur7 tetraspanners.
Principios de buena fe y lealtad procesal a la luz de las nuevas tendencias del poder especial
Authors: Petro González Ingrid Regina , Gual Acosta José Manuel 
Published: October 2023

El tema del otorgamiento de los poderes especiales bajo las directrices del artículo 5.º de la Ley 2213 del 2022 que estableció como legislación permanente el Decreto Legislativo 806/2020, el cual había sido de gran controversia desde su expedición en el decreto, ya que su contenido contrasta de gran manera con la legislación del artículo 74 del Código General del Proceso. Se tiene entonces una Ley en la que imperan principios como la buena fe y la lealtad procesal, demostrándose esto por la falta de requisitos para su autenticación y haciendo solo necesario la antefirma; dejando claro que, así como se ponderan estos principios también hace falta el desarrollo de estos, debido a que su desenvolvimiento en el mismo articulado se extrae después de realizar una labor interpretativa del mismo.
Se hace la salvedad de que esto no es algo nuevo, el propender por una justicia digitalizada que permita la conectividad y el acceso a la justicia suprimiendo todos los obstáculos que puedan presentarse, ha sido un objetivo que ha traído la legislación colombiana hace ya varios años atrás. Sin embargo, la propagación del COVID-19, hizo que este propósito tuviera que llevarse a cabo de manera abrupta, propendiendo por la implementación de medidas con las que se salvaguarde la salud y a su vez se siga brindando el servicio de administrar justicia.
No obstante, es importante preguntarse: ¿Cómo se garantiza el principio de moralidad procesal en virtud de la ausencia de requisitos formales en la delegación de poderes especiales en el marco de las actuaciones judiciales mediadas por el uso de las Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicaciones?
Por último, se da respuesta al problema planteado, identificando que la Ley 2213 de 2022, inicialmente garantiza el principio de moralidad procesal frente a la presentación y otorgamiento de los poderes especiales; no obstante, se debió hacer uso de otras herramientas existentes como la firma electrónica y se recomienda realizar una adecuación de las normas, en relación con integrar las disposiciones de la Superintendencia de Notariado y Registro, sobre la implementación de herramientas digitales como la biometría y las notaría digitales.
Description of kinesthetic and kinetic motor praxis in older preschool children with logopathology
Authors: Bielova Olena , Konopliasta Svіtlana 
Published: October 2023

Background and Study Aim. The development of kinesthetic and kinetic hand praxis in older preschool children is a prerequisite for successful learning in school conditions. The purpose of this study is to identify the current state of neuromotor functionality kinesthetic and kinetic hand praxis, which affects readiness for schooling, in older preschool children with speech pathology.
Material and Methods. Research methods are aimed at studying the components of neuromotor functionality: kinaesthetic and kinetic wrist praxis. To study the kinesthetic praxis of the hands, the task "Fine motility of the fingers" was used. Kinetic praxis was studied during the task "Differentiated movements of the hand". They studied the formation of object-kinetic praxis during "Performing actions with objects".
Results. The results of the experimental study give a clear idea that there are significant differences in the formation of neuromotor functionality between the groups of children with logopathology and those with normotypical psychophysical development. In older preschool children with speech disorders, low abilities were found when performing tasks of kinaesthetic and kinetic praxis: wrist (fussy movements of fingers and hands; searching for the right position, the incorrect joining of fingers, hand positions; the presence of perseveration of previous movements; underdeveloped fine motility of fingers of hands; difficulties in subject activities). Children are passive during classes, they need constant support from the teacher.
Conclusions. The revealed unformed state of neuromotor functionality confirms our hypothesis. Impairment of neuromotor function of kinesthetic and kinetic hand praxis is present in a significant percentage of preschoolers with speech disorders, which becomes a characteristic feature of this category of children and affects further physical, intellectual, and semiotic development.
Extraction, isolation, identification, and bioactivity of polysaccharides from Antrodia cinnamomea
Authors: Dai Jia-ning , Liu Bo-ling , Ji Dan , Yuan Lei , Zhou Wen-yuan , Li Hua-xiang 
Published: October 2023

Antrodia (A) cinnamomea is a precious edible and medicinal mushroom and has attracted attention because of its rare resources and unique bioactivities. The bioactive compounds from the fruit body, mycelium, and fermentation broth of A. cinnamomea include triterpenoids, polysaccharides, antroquinonols, benzenoids, and succinic and maleic acid derivatives. Among these, polysaccharides are very important and are high-content bioactive compounds. The A. cinnamomea polysaccharides (APSs) present numerous biological activities, such as antiviral, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antivascular, immunoregulation, antioxidant, and nerve protection. However, only few studies have focused only on APSs so far. Therefore, the cultivation methods, extraction, isolation, composition, structure, biological activity, and application of APSs are summarized in this review to provide a comprehensive and convenient reference for further research and development on APSs.
Early Breast Cancer Prediction using Machine Learning and Deep Learning Techniques
Authors: Patil Swati B. , Patil Ritesh V. , Mahalle Parikshit N. 
Published: October 2023

Breast Cancer (BC) is a considered as one of the utmost lethal diseases across the globe that has a very high morbidity and mortality rate. Accurate and early prediction along with diagnosis is one of the most crucial characteristics for the treatment of Breast Cancer. Doctors can have an edge over Breast cancer if they are able to predict it in its early stages using deep learning and machine learning techniques. This paper proposed consists of comparison between the and accuracy of various machine learning models like Support vector machine (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbours (KNN), Naïve Bayes (NB), Logistic Regression (LR), Random Forest (RF), Decision Tree (DT), XGB Classifier and deep learning model of Artificial neural networks (ANN) for the precise detection of breast cancer.
The most crucial properties from the database have been chosen using one feature-selection technique. Correlation is also used to choose the most correlated features from the data. Implementing the ANN model consists of one input layer, two hidden layers, and one output layer. All Machine Learning models and ANN model are then applied to selected features. The results demonstrated that the SVM classifier achieved the highest performance with an accuracy of ~98.24%.
A Hybrid Approach using CNN and DQN Technique for Diagnosis Pneumonia in Chest X-Ray Images
Authors: Sabeena Jasmine , Kumar N. Chaitanya 
Published: October 2023

Pneumonia poses a significant risk to life and well-being respiratory infection that requires accurate and timely diagnosis for effective treatment. In this research investigation, it proposes a hybrid approach for detecting pneumonia diagnosis in chest X-ray images by combining machine learning techniques with convolutional neural networks (CNN), and deep Q-network (DQN) reinforcement learning. The suggested approach holds promising prospects for enhancing the efficacy of pneumonia diagnosis. Especially in resource-limited settings where access to radiologists or specialized equipment is limited. The proposed hybrid approach involves multiple stages. Initially, an extensive collection dataset of chest X-ray images, comprising both normal and pneumonia cases, is collected. The CNN model can be integrated into clinical decision support systems to provide accurate diagnosis of infection for pneumonia. Furthermore, the use of the rainbow method can be extended to other clinical imaging tasks to enhance deep learning models performance Additionally, it demonstrates that the use of the rainbow method improves the performance of the CNN, leading to a higher accuracy. We have introduced a novel hybrid deep learning framework called LIP-CDF Algorithm, which combines algorithms of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and Deep Q-Network (DQN) techniques. LIP-CDF (Lung Infection Prediction using CNN-DQN Fusion) Algorithm is a computational approach designed for the accurate and efficient lung infection prediction using images from chest X-rays. The implementation of this framework utilized popular tools such as Jupyter Notebook, TensorFlow, and Keras. To assess the effectiveness of our model, the NIH chest X-beam picture dataset gained from the Kaggle archive. To evaluate the effectiveness of our proposed approach, we conduct experiments on the publicly available Chest X-ray14 dataset. The results show that our approach achieves a high accuracy of 94.8% in detecting pneumonia cases.
The purpose of our framework is to streamline the detection of lung diseases, making it easier for both medical experts and doctors. By harnessing the power of CNN and DQN, our approach offers a simplified yet accurate method for identifying lung diseases from chest X-ray images. This advancement in deep learning technology has the potential to greatly assist healthcare professionals in diagnosing and treating patients effectively
Triple Layered Security for Data Hiding Using Steganography and Visual Cryptography
Authors: Bhawna Bhawna , Malik Sanjay Kumar 
Published: October 2023

The proposed system makes use of steganographic method along with visual cryptography for hiding data in images and to provide better security. Even though extensive research work has been done previously, but most of the research work gives no robust security for the image that has been encrypted. The method proposed in this paper is capable of hiding some secret message in least significant bits of the original image, thereby hiding the secret message in way to make its detection difficult. The secret image is then under went to visual cryptography algorithm. Thereby, creating shares of the secret image, which are noise like structures. Further, the method proposes to hide these shares in least significant bits of different images so as to create three levels of security for the message. The main objective of the proposed method is to combine the use of data hiding techniques, steganography and visual cryptography algorithms for designing a secure algorithm so that security, reliability and efficiency of secret message can be improved. The framework is implemented in matlab.
Securing the Biometric through ECG using Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Gupta Praveen Kumar , Parihar Subhash Singh , Rastogi Ritesh , Vidushi Vidushi , Salgotra Komal 
Published: October 2023

In the current era, biometrics is widely used for maintaining the security. To extract the information from the biomedical signals, biomedical signal processing is needed. One of the significant tools used for the diagnostic is electrocardiogram (ECG). The main reason behind this is the certain uniqueness in the ECG signals of the individual. In this paper, the focus will be on distinguishing the individual on the basis of ECG signals using feature extraction approaches and the machine learning algorithms. Other than preprocessing approach, the discrete cosine transform is applied to perform the extraction. The classification between the signals of the individuals is carried out using the Support Vector Machine and K-Nearest Neighbor machine learning techniques. The classification accuracy achieved through SVM is 87% and K-NN has achieved a classification accuracy of 96.6% with k=3. The work has shown how machine learning can be used to classify the ECG signal.