bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel mechanism of hybrid liposomes‐induced apoptosis in human tumor cells
Authors: Matsumoto Yoko , Iwamoto Yasunori , Matsushita Taku , Ueoka Ryuichi 
Published: February 2005

AbstractHybrid liposomes can be prepared by simply ultrasonicating a mixture of vesicular and micellar molecules in a buffer solution. The physical properties of these liposomes, such as size, membrane fluidity, phase transition temperature and hydrophobicity can be controlled by changing the composition. Hybrid liposomes composed of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine and polyoxyethylene (10) dodecyl ether were found to inhibit the growth of human promyelocytic leukemia (HL‐60) cells without using any drugs. Induction of apoptosis by hybrid liposomes in HL‐60 cells was verified on the basis of fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry analysis, after fusion and accumulation of hybrid liposomes, which was revealed on the basis of microphysiometer. We elucidated the pathways of apoptosis induced by the hybrid liposomes. That is, hybrid liposomes fused and accumulated in tumor cell membranes, and the apoptosis signal first passed through mitochondria, caspase‐9 and caspase‐3, second through Fas, caspase‐8, caspase‐3 and then reached the nucleus. Hybrid liposomes themselves can induce apoptosis in human tumor cells along with high inhibitory effects on the growth of tumor cells. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
DNA repair gene XPC genotypes/haplotypes and risk of lung cancer in a Chinese population
Authors: Hu Zhibin , Wang Yonggang , Wang Xinru , Liang Gang , Miao Xiaoping , Xu Yaochu , Tan Wen , Wei Qingyi , Lin Dongxin , Shen Hongbing 
Published: February 2005

AbstractDNA repair is central to normal cellular functions, and polymorphisms of DNA repair genes may cause variation in DNA repair capacity in the general population. Newly identified polymorphisms of xeroderma pigmentosum group C (XPC), one of the nucleotide excision repair genes, were shown to contribute to genetic susceptibility to cancer. In this study, we hypothesized that 2 exonic variants C499T and A939C and their haplotypes in XPC are associated with lung cancer risk. To test this hypothesis, we performed a case‐control study of 320 histologically confirmed lung cancer patients and 322 age and sex frequency‐matched cancer‐free controls in a Chinese population. Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that the risks [adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs)] associated with the XPC variant genotypes were 1.57 (95% CI = 1.13–2.19) for 499CT/TT and 1.21 (95% CI = 0.87–1.69) for 939AC/CC compared with the 499CC and 939AA wild‐type homozygotes, respectively. Individuals with both putative risk genotypes (499CT/TT and 939AC/CC) had a greater risk of lung cancer (adjusted OR = 2.37; 95% CI = 1.33–4.21) compared with individuals with both wild‐type genotypes (499CC and 939AA). When we performed the haplotype analysis and assumed the XPC 499T and 939C as risk alleles, the adjusted ORs increased as the number of variants in the haplotype genotypes increased (ptrend < 0.001). In the stratified analysis, the greatest risk was found in smokers having the combined variant genotypes (adjusted OR = 7.36; 95% CI = 3.19–17.00) compared with nonsmokers having both wild‐type genotypes and in smokers with 2 or 3 haplotype variants (adjusted OR = 7.27; 95% CI = 3.37–15.68) compared with nonsmokers having 0 haplotype variant. These findings indicate that XPC exonic variants may contribute to the risk of lung cancer in the Chinese population, and these variant genotypes may modulate the risk of lung cancer associated with smoking. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transcription factor AP‐2γ, a novel marker of gonocytes and seminomatous germ cell tumors
Authors: Pauls Katharina , Jäger Richard , Weber Susanne , Wardelmann Eva , Koch Arend , Büttner Reinhard , Schorle Hubert 
Published: February 2005

AbstractMost germ cell tumors (GCTs) arise from intratubular germ cell neoplasias (IGCNUs, also referred to as carcinoma in situ), which are thought to originate from a transformed fetal germ cell, the gonocyte. However, the nature of the molecular pathways involved in IGCNU formation remains elusive. Therefore, identification of novel oncofetal markers is an important prerequisite to further our understanding of the etiology of this tumor entity. In the present study, we show that in humans AP‐2γ is expressed in gonocytes at weeks 12–37 of gestation, indicating a role of this transcription factor in fetal germ cell development. AP‐2γ and c‐KIT, a known target of AP‐2 transcription factors, were coexpressed in gonocytes, making a direct regulation possible. With increasing differentiation of fetal testis, gradual downregulation of AP‐2γ from the 12th to 37th week of gestation was observed. Furthermore, AP‐2γ was expressed abundantly in 25/25 IGCNUs, 52/53 testicular seminomas, 10/10 metastatic seminomas, 9/9 extragonadal seminomas and 5/5 dysgerminomas. In embryonal carcinomas and choriocarcinomas, focal staining only was observed. Spermatocytic seminomas, teratomas and yolk sac tumors as well as normal adult testis and various control tissues were negative for AP‐2γ. The expression pattern of AP‐2γ, like that of other oncofetal markers, supports the model of a gonocytal origin of IGCNUs and germ cell tumors. Finally, our results provide the basis for applying AP‐2γ immunohistochemistry to the detection of GCT, a tumor entity with a steadily growing incidence in the male population worldwide. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tumor‐induced antibodies resemble the response to tissue damage
Authors: Preiss Susanne , Kammertoens Thomas , Lampert Christoph , Willimsky Gerald , Blankenstein Thomas 
Published: February 2005

AbstractTumor‐associated antibodies are frequently detected in cancer patients. To ask whether the recognized antigens are rejection antigens, we screened a cDNA expression library of the mouse TS/A tumor with TS/A‐immune serum and isolated 8 IgG‐reactive clones, representing self‐antigens that were expressed in normal tissues and other tumor lines. Three of the antigens had previously been identified in the human system by this cloning strategy. None of the antigens revealed to be a rejection antigen in normal mice demonstrated by an otherwise effective plasmid immunization. For one of the identified antigens, α‐catenin, it is shown that the induction of IgG antibodies by protein immunization does not correlate with tumor rejection. For another antigen, vimentin, it is shown that vimentin‐deficient but not vimentin‐competent mice reject vimentin‐expressing tumors indicating T ‐cell tolerance despite the fact that tumor cell immunization induces antivimentin IgG antibodies. Tissue damage induced by adenovirus infection induced an antibody response similar to tumor cell immunization, exemplified with 2 of the antigens. We conclude that the tumor‐induced antibodies mirror tissue damage and that the antibody‐inducing antigens can serve as rejection antigens if they are recognized as foreign. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Birth characteristics and adult cancer incidence: Swedish cohort of over 11,000 men and women
Authors: McCormack Valerie A. , dos Santos Silva Isabel , Koupil Ilona , Leon David A. , Lithell Hans O. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractAssociations between larger size at birth and increased rates of adult cancer have been proposed but few empirical studies have examined this hypothesis. We investigated overall and site‐specific cancer incidence in relation to birth characteristics in a Swedish population‐based cohort of 11,166 singletons born in 1915–1929 for whom we have detailed obstetric data and who were alive in 1960. A total of 2,685 first primary cancers were registered during follow‐up from 1960 to 2001. A standard deviation (SD) increase in birth weight for gestational age (GA) was associated with (sex‐adjusted) increases of 13% (95% CI = 0.03–0.23) in the rates of digestive cancers and of 17% (95% CI = 0.01–0.35) in the rates of lymphatic cancers. Women who had higher birth weights also had increased rates of breast cancer under age 50 years (by 39% per SD increase; 95% CI = 0.09–0.79), but reduced rates (by 24%; 95% CI = 0.07–0.38) of endometrial (corpus uteri) cancer at all ages. There was no evidence of associations with other cancer sites. For overall cancer incidence, men had an 8% increased risk at all ages per SD increase in birth weight for GA while women only had an increased risk under age 50 years (mainly driven by the association with breast cancer). These findings provide evidence of a modest association of birth size and adult cancer risk, resulting from positive associations with a few cancer sites and a possible inverse association with endometrial cancer. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
RASSF1A is not appropriate as an early detection marker or a prognostic marker for non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Choi Naeyun , Son Dae‐Soon , Song Inseung , Lee Hye‐Sook , Lim Yoo‐Sung , Song Min Sup , Lim Dae‐Sik , Lee Jinseon , Kim Hojoong , Kim Jhingook 
Published: February 2005

AbstractAberrant methylation of several tumor suppressor genes often occurs during the pathogenesis of lung cancer. RASSF1A is one of the tumor suppressor genes, and it is frequently inactivated by hypermethylation of its promoter region in a variety of human cancers, including lung cancer. It has recently been suggested that RASSF1A methylation was frequently observed in poorly differentiated tumors, and that it was correlated with adverse survival in lung adenocarcinoma (Tomizawa Y, et al., Clin Cancer Res 2002;8:2362–8). In this study, we investigated the pathogenetic and clinicopathologic significance of RASSF1A methylation for the development and/or progression of non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We examined 116 cases of NSCLC for the methylation status of RASSF1A. Methylation‐specific analysis demonstrated that 40.5% (47 of 116) of the cases were methylated at the CpG sites in the promoter. Methylation of RASSF1A was associated with cellular differentiation (p = 0.0244) and it was related to survival (p = 0.0276). However, there was no association between RASSF1A methylation and the individual clinicopathologic features: TNM stage (p > 0.1), recurrence (p > 0.1), lymphatic permeation (p > 0.1) and smoking duration time (p > 0.1). Furthermore, we analyzed RASSF1A's probability as a prognostic marker by using stepwise Cox proportional hazard regression testing. As a result, the stage proved to be the most important factor (p = 0.0089), more than any other factors such as age, gender, cell type, methylation status, differentiation, smoking duration time, tumor size and lymph node permeation. There was no other significant factor other than stage and age. These results show that epigenetic inactivation of RASSF1A cannot be a prognostic marker of NSCLC. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Retracted: Additive antitumor effects of the epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, gefitinib (Iressa), and the nonsteroidal antiandrogen, bicalutamide (Casodex), in prostate cancer cells in vitro
Authors: Festuccia Claudio , Gravina Giovanni Luca , Angelucci Adriano , Millimaggi Danilo , Muzi Paola , Vicentini Carlo , Bologna Mauro 
Published: February 2005

AbstractProgression from an androgen‐dependent to an androgen‐independent state often occurs in patients with prostate cancer (PCa) who undergo hormonal therapy. We have investigated whether inhibition of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway affects the antitumor effect of a nonsteroidal antiandrogen. Gefitinib (Iressa), an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor, and bicalutamide (Casodex), a nonsteroidal antiandrogen [androgen receptor (AR) antagonist], were administered alone and in combination to AR‐positive human PCa cell lines. FACS analysis showed lower EGFR expression levels on AR‐positive cells (LNCaP, CWR22, CWR22R 2152 and AR‐transfected DU145 cell lines) compared with AR‐negative cells (DU145, PC3 and TSU‐Pr1). Moreover, in AR‐transfected DU145 cells, chronic treatment with bicalutamide increased EGFR expression to levels similar to androgen‐independent DU145 cells. All AR‐positive PCa cell lines were sensitive to gefitinib (IC50 = 0.1–0.6 μM), whereas higher concentrations of bicalutamide were needed to reduce AR‐positive PCa cell line proliferation (IC50 = 0.8–2.0 μM). Low doses of gefitinib increased the antitumor effects of bicalutamide by strongly reducing the IC50 of bicalutamide (approximately 10‐fold). Similarly, bicalutamide increased the antiproliferative effects of gefitinib by reducing the IC50 of gefitinib (approximately 5‐fold). Taken together, our data suggest that in androgen‐dependent cell lines, addition of gefitinib in combination with bicalutamide results in concurrent dual inhibition of AR and EGFR/HER2 pathways. This causes a significant delay in the onset of EGFR‐driven androgen independence. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluation of an immunochemical fecal occult blood test with automated reading in screening for colorectal cancer in a general average‐risk population
Authors: Launoy Guy D. , Bertrand Hughes J. , Berchi Celia , Talbourdet Vincent Y. , Guizard Anne Valérie N. , Bouvier Véronique M. , Caces Emile R. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractColorectal cancer screening is a high public health priority in all industrialized countries. However, the low sensitivity of the common guaiac screening test (HemoccultII) makes practitioners and public health decision makers reluctant to set up a national screening program. In recent years, immunochemical tests based on the use of a specific antibody have been found to be more sensitive than the HemoccultII test. However, for screening purposes, any gain in sensitivity is of interest only if specificity and positive predictive value are satisfactory. Our aim was to assess the performance of an immunochemical test with an automated reading technique (Magstream 1000) for different hemoglobin content cut‐off points. The study was carried out in the general population aged 50–74 years in the geographic area of Cotentin (Normandy, France). From 1 January 2001 to 31 December 2002, 7,421 one‐time screening tests (Magstream) were administered by general practitioners and occupational physicians to patients at the end of regular consultations. Colonoscopy was proposed to the 434 people with a positive test. All cancers occurring in the study population between 1 January 2001 and 31 December 2003 were collected by general practitioners, gastroenterologists and the local registry. At the usual positivity threshold (20 ng hemoglobin/ml), screening sensitivity and specificity at 2 years of follow‐up with 95% CIs were, respectively, 0.85 (0.72–0.98) and 0.94 (0.94–0.95). If the hemoglobin content cut‐off point had been set at 50 ng/ml instead of the usual cut‐off, positivity would have been 3.1% and positive predictive value for a cancer or a large adenoma would have been 0.49, with sensitivity of 0.68–0.83 and specificity of 0.97. Our results suggest that use of an immunochemical test with an automated reading technique could improve the prospects for mass‐screening for colorectal cancer since it offers a promising alternative to guaiac tests. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hourglasses and Hamilton cycles in 4‐connected claw‐free graphs
Authors: Kaiser Tomáš , Li MingChu , Ryjáček Zdeněk , Xiong Liming 
Published: February 2005

AbstractWe show that if G is a 4‐connected claw‐free graph in which every induced hourglass subgraph S contains two non‐adjacent vertices with a common neighbor outside S, then G is hamiltonian. This extends the fact that 4‐connected claw‐free, hourglass‐free graphs are hamiltonian, thus proving a broader special case of a conjecture by Matthews and Sumner. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 48: 267–276, 2005
Ink‐Jet Printing, Self‐Assembled Polyelectrolytes, and Electroless Plating: Low Cost Fabrication of Circuits on a Flexible Substrate at Room Temperature
Authors: Cheng Kevin , Yang Ming‐Huan , Chiu Wanda W. W. , Huang Chieh‐Yi , Chang Jane , Ying Tai‐Fa , Yang Yang 
Published: February 2005

AbstractSummary: The driving forces behind the development of flexible electronics are their flexibility, lightweightedness, and potential for low‐cost manufacturing. However, because of physical limitations, traditional thermal processes cause deformations in the flexible substrate. As a result, the adhesion quality of the printed wires is deteriorated. This article reviews recent developments in printing circuits on a flexible substrate by combining self‐assembled polyelectrolytes, ink‐jet printing of a catalyst, and electroless plating of metals. The limitations and potential applications of this technology are also discussed. Experiments implementing this technology demonstrated significant results. By a vibration‐induced assistance during an ink‐jet printing catalyst process, line width and blurring can be controlled to within ±3% variation. Following the IPC 6013 standard for flexible electronics, the results after thermal cycling (288 °C, 6 times) and a hot oil test (260 °C, 3 times) indicated that the metallic circuit had retained excellent adhesion properties and electric characteristics. We also report the first successful demonstration of a metal film in a via‐hole inner wall on a flexible substrate. This novel fabrication method is ideal for the realization of large area, flexible electronics and future multilayer flexible substrate application, such as flexible display, chip on flexible substrate, etc., particularly where traditional lithographic processes can not be applied.Flexible high‐density circuit on an FR‐4 substrate (left) and picture of via hole with copper inner wall (right).magnified imageFlexible high‐density circuit on an FR‐4 substrate (left) and picture of via hole with copper inner wall (right).
Ink‐Jet Printing of Luminescent Ruthenium‐ and Iridium‐Containing Polymers for Applications in Light‐Emitting Devices
Authors: Tekin Emine , Holder Elisabeth , Marin Veronica , de Gans Berend‐Jan , Schubert Ulrich S. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractSummary: Defined films of luminescent ruthenium(II) polypyridyl‐poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and iridium(III) polypyridyl‐polystyrene (PS) copolymers could be prepared by ink‐jet printing. The copolymers were deposited on photoresist‐patterned glass substrates. Films as thin as 120 nm could be printed with a roughness of 1 to 2%. In addition, the film thickness could be varied in a controlled way through the number of droplets deposited per unit area. The topography of the ink‐jet printed films was analyzed utilizing an optical profilometer. The absorbance and emission spectra were measured using fast parallel UV‐vis and fluorescence plate reader.Photo of the solutions of luminescent ruthenium (left) and iridium (right) containing polymers in a glass microtiter plate (top). The subsequently prepared films using ink‐jet dispensing techniques are shown below.magnified imagePhoto of the solutions of luminescent ruthenium (left) and iridium (right) containing polymers in a glass microtiter plate (top). The subsequently prepared films using ink‐jet dispensing techniques are shown below.
Nitroxide‐Mediated Polymerization of Styrene in a Continuous Tubular Reactor
Authors: Enright Thomas E. , Cunningham Michael F. , Keoshkerian Barkev 
Published: February 2005

AbstractSummary: Nitroxide‐mediated polymerization of styrene in a continuous tubular reactor has been demonstrated for the first time. The polymerization kinetics in the tubular reactor are similar to those in a batch reactor. The number average molecular weight increases linearly with conversion, and chain extension experiments were successful, indicating that the living nature of the polymerization is maintained in the tubular reactor.Evolution of molecular weight as measured by GPC for chain‐extended latex in continuous tubular reactor.magnified imageEvolution of molecular weight as measured by GPC for chain‐extended latex in continuous tubular reactor.
Hospital usage of antibacterial agents in relation to size and type of hospital and geographical situation
Authors: Blix Hege Salvesen , Hartug Stig 
Published: February 2005

AbstractPurposeThe objective of this study was to evaluate the level of use and therapy profile of antibacterial agents in hospitals. Further to explore whether type, size or geographical situation influenced antibacterial agents used.MethodsAntibacterial use during 1998–1999, in 13 hospitals, including emergency, referral and university hospitals from all health regions in Norway, were collected retrospectively. Drugs were classified according to the ATC classification and the ATC/DDD index 2001 and standardised bed‐days were used.ResultsTotal annual use varied significantly between hospitals (p < 0.01), mean 47.5 DDD/100 bed‐days. Neither size, type of hospital, nor were geographical situations predictors for total hospital use of antibacterial agents. Therapy patterns were approximately similar all over the country. Beta‐lactamase sensitive penicillins were most frequently used in all hospitals. University hospitals and large hospitals used more 3rd generation cephalosporins. Small hospitals used more penicillins with extended specter.ConclusionsSize, type and geographical situation do not influence the level of antibacterial use in Norwegian hospitals. However, therapeutic choice of antibacterial agents differs and seems to be influenced by hospital size and hospital type. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and characterization of random and block copolymers with pendant rhenium diimine complexes by controlled radical polymerization
Authors: Tse Chui Wan , Lam Lillian Sze Man , Man Ka Yan Kitty , Wong Wing Tak , Chan Wai Kin 
Published: February 2005

AbstractWe report the polymerization of rhenium‐containing methacrylates by atom transfer radical polymerization. The structure of the monomer was confirmed by X‐ray crystallography, which showed the bulkiness of the metal‐complex moiety. The rhenium complexes were polymerized in the presence of copper(I) bromide, 1,1,4,7,7‐pentamethyldiethylenetriamine, and methyl 2‐bromopropionate. They were copolymerized with methyl methacrylate in different monomer ratios. An ABA triblock copolymer was also synthesized with poly(methyl methacrylate) as the macroinitiator. When 2,2′‐bipyridine was used as the ligand for the copper catalyst in the polymerizations, it underwent a ligand exchange process with the iminopyridine ligand in the monomer. The neutral rhenium complex in the homopolymers and copolymers could be converted into ionic forms by the replacement of the chloride with an imidazole ligand, and the solubility of the resulting ionic polymers was greatly enhanced. The photosensitizing properties of the doped and undoped polymer films were investigated by the measurement of the photocurrent response under an externally applied electric field. The photoconductivities of the polymers were approximately 10−12–10−13 Ω−1 cm−1. The experimental quantum efficiencies were simulated with Onsager's theory, and they showed that the initial quantum yield and thermalization distance were 10−3 and 1.7 nm, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the rhenium complexes aggregated to form domains with dimensions of approximately 20–30 nm. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 1292–1308, 2005