bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elusive technologies, elusive responsibilities: on the perceived responsibility of basic AI researchers
Authors: Burema Dafna , Jacobs Mattis , Rozborski Filip 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This paper studies how researchers who work in the field of basic research of artificial intelligence (AI) perceive their responsibility. A case study is conducted on an inter-university and interdisciplinary research cluster in Germany that specializes in basic artificial intelligence research. The reason for studying responsibility through the lens of such researchers is that working in basic research of AI involves a lot of uncertainty about potential consequences, more so than in other domains of AI development. After conducting focus groups with 21 respondents followed by a thematic analysis, results show that respondents restrict the boundaries of their sociotechnical visions, regard time as an influencing factor in their responsibility, and refer to many other players in the field. These themes indicate that respondents had difficulties explaining what they consider themselves responsible for, and referred to many factors beyond their own control. The only type of responsibility that was explicitly acknowledged by respondents is ex ante responsibility. Respondents define their responsibility in terms of things that are in their immediate control, i.e., responsibilities relating to their role and duties as researchers. According to the respondents, working in the field of basic research makes it difficult to make claims about ex post responsibility. Findings of this case study suggest the need to raise questions about how technological maturity is related to AI ethics.
Public Health Emergency Preparedness: Qualitative Analysis of After-Action Reports
Authors: Naik Rupesh , Maxwell Nikki , Jones Terrance , Dopson Stephanie Anne 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
After-Action Reports (AARs) are retrospective summaries that capture key information and lessons learned from emergency response exercises and real incidents. The AAR is a commonly used evaluation tool used by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention as part of the Public Health Emergency Preparedness (PHEP) program. It is used as a metric of accountability and awardee performance. The objectives of this study were to qualitatively analyze AARs of public health preparedness programs and develop a coding scheme for standardizing future review and analysis of AARs. We evaluated 14 AARs (4 exercises and 10 real incidents) generated between 2012 and 2018. We applied inductive qualitative analyses using ATLAS.Ti software. While, previous exercises focused on medical countermeasure responses, real-world incidents focused on natural disasters and infectious disease outbreaks. Six overarching themes emerged: Communications, Coordination, Resource Distribution, Unified Planning, Surveillance, and Knowledge Sharing. A standardized analysis format is proposed for future use.
Barriers to healthcare-worker adherence to infection prevention and control practices in British Columbia during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Cheng Brooke T. , Ali R. Ayesha , Chen Collet Jun , Donovan Towell Tara , Han Guanghong , Keen Dave , Leung Ka Wai , Mori Julie , Srigley Jocelyn A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjective:The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic highlighted the importance of robust infection prevention and control (IPAC) practices to maintain patient and staff safety. However, healthcare workers (HCWs) face many barriers that affect their ability to follow these practices. We identified barriers affecting HCW adherence to IPAC practices during the pandemic in British Columbia, Canada.Design:Cross-sectional web-based survey.Setting:Acute care, long-term care or assisted living, outpatient, mental health, prehospital care, and home care.Participants:Eligible respondents included direct-care providers and IPAC professionals working in these settings in all health authorities across British Columbia.Methods:We conducted a web-based survey from August to September 2021 to assess respondent knowledge and attitudes toward IPAC within the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Respondents were asked to rate the extent to which various barriers affected their ability to follow IPAC practices throughout the pandemic and to make suggestions for improvement.Results:The final analysis included 2,488 responses; 36% of respondents worked in acute care. Overall, perceptions of IPAC practice among non-IPAC professionals were positive. The main self-perceived barriers to adherence included inadequate staffing to cover absences (58%), limited space in staff rooms (57%), multibed rooms (51%), and confusing messages about IPAC practices (51%). Common suggestions for improvement included receiving more support from IPAC leadership and clearer communication about required IPAC practices.Conclusions:Our findings highlight frontline HCW perspectives regarding priority areas of improvement for IPAC practices. They will inform policy and guideline development to prevent transmission of COVID-19 and future emerging infections.
CEO overconfidence and firm performance: A meta-analytic review and future research agenda
Authors: Miao Chao , Coombs Joseph E. , Qian Shanshan , Oh In-Sue 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We provide a meta-analytic examination of the CEO overconfidence–firm performance relationship. Our results support a positive relationship between these focal variables. Drawing from trait activation theory and national cultural differences literatures, we find that cross-cultural effects moderate the focal relationship. More specifically, we find that the CEO overconfidence–firm performance relationship is stronger in high assertive, low institutional collectivistic, low in-group collectivistic, high future-oriented, high gender egalitarian, high performance-oriented, low power distance, and low uncertainty avoidance cultures. Consistent with the resource orchestration literature, we also find that entrepreneurial orientation mediates the focal relationship between CEO overconfidence and firm performance. Taken together, our results present a more nuanced picture of the CEO trait–firm performance relationship. In the future, researchers may consider examining additional CEO traits as well as additional contextual factors including internal, as well as environmental, factors.
Surgical anatomy of structures adjacent to the thyroid apex and
post-operative voice change (A review-including dissection)
Authors: Yerzingatsian K. L. 
Published: November 2023

Summary
This paper considers the anatomy of structures contiguous to the upper
pole of the thyroid gland. It also describes the findings of an anatomical
dissection confined to the muscular andcarotid triangles of the neck with
the nerves therein innervating the cricothyroid and infrahyoid muscles. The
segmental nature of the latter is described. The variable course of the
cricothyroid artery with regard to the sternothyroid muscle is noted. A
superficially placed artery is accompanied by branches of the ansa
cervicalis; a deeply placed one is related to the external laryngeal
nerve.
In addition to the external laryngeal nerve there are other nerves,
including branches of the ansa cervicalis, which can be damaged during
operations involving the thyroid apex or adjacent structures. A comment is
made about the significance of these findings with particular reference to
voice change.
Seasonal patterns of sickness absence due to diagnosed mental disorders: a nationwide 12-year register linkage study
Authors: Virtanen M. , Törmälehto S. , Partonen T. , Elovainio M. , Ruuhela R. , Hakulinen C. , Komulainen K. , Airaksinen J. , Väänänen A. , Koskinen A. , Sund R. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Aims
Although seasonality has been documented for mental disorders, it is unknown whether similar patterns can be observed in employee sickness absence from work due to a wide range of mental disorders with different severity level, and to what extent the rate of change in light exposure plays a role. To address these limitations, we used daily based sickness absence records to examine seasonal patterns in employee sickness absence due to mental disorders.

Methods
We used nationwide diagnosis-specific psychiatric sickness absence claims data from 2006 to 2017 for adult individuals aged 16–67 (n = 636,543 sickness absence episodes) in Finland, a high-latitude country with a profound variation in daylength. The smoothed time-series of the ratio of observed and expected (O/E) daily counts of episodes were estimated, adjusted for variation in all-cause sickness absence rates during the year.

Results
Unipolar depressive disorders peaked in October–November and dipped in July, with similar associations in all forms of depression. Also, anxiety and non-organic sleep disorders peaked in October–November. Anxiety disorders dipped in January–February and in July–August, while non-organic sleep disorders dipped in April–August. Manic episodes reached a peak from March to July and dipped in September–November and in January–February. Seasonality was not dependent on the severity of the depressive disorder.

Conclusions
These results suggest a seasonal variation in sickness absence due to common mental disorders and bipolar disorder, with high peaks in depressive, anxiety and sleep disorders towards the end of the year and a peak in manic episodes starting in spring. Rapid changes in light exposure may contribute to sickness absence due to bipolar disorder. The findings can help clinicians and workplaces prepare for seasonal variations in healthcare needs.
What Controls the Interannual Variation in Rapid Intensification Magnitude of Western North Pacific Tropical Cyclones?
Authors: Song Jinjie , Klotzbach Philip J. , Wei Na , Duan Yihong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study investigates the interannual variability of rapid intensification (RI) magnitude of western North Pacific (WNP) tropical cyclones. There is a significant correlation between basin‐averaged RI magnitude during July–November and the simultaneous Western Pacific (WP) teleconnection index from 1982 to 2021. RI magnitude is, on average, larger (smaller) in positive (negative) WP phases. During a positive WP, RI magnitude changes exhibit a southwest‐northeast dipolar pattern, with significant increases over the southwestern quadrant of the WNP and weak decreases over the northern part of the WNP. The WP teleconnection relates to RI magnitude primarily through modulation of 850–200‐hPa vertical wind shear, with less influence from 850‐hPa relative vorticity. The changes in these two dynamic conditions can be linked to WP‐induced circulation anomalies at lower and upper levels. Our results highlight that different contributors may be responsible for changes in WNP RI occurrence and RI magnitude.
Ionospheric Plasma Density Gradients Associated With Night‐Side Energetic Electron Precipitation
Authors: Zhang Xiao‐Jia , Meng Xing , Artemyev Anton V. , Zou Ying , Mourenas Didier 
Published: November 2023

AbstractEnergetic electron precipitation from the equatorial magnetosphere into the atmosphere plays an important role in magnetosphere‐ionosphere coupling: precipitating electrons alter ionospheric properties, whereas ionospheric outflows modify equatorial plasma conditions affecting electromagnetic wave generation and energetic electron scattering. However, ionospheric measurements cannot be directly related to wave and energetic electron properties measured by high‐altitude, near‐equatorial spacecraft, due to large mapping uncertainties. We aim to resolve this by projecting low‐altitude measurements of energetic electron precipitation by ELFIN CubeSats onto total electron content (TEC) maps serving as a proxy for ionospheric density structures. We examine three types of precipitation on the nightside: precipitation of <200 keV electrons in the plasma sheet, bursty precipitation of <500 keV electrons by whistler‐mode waves, and relativistic (>500 keV) electron precipitation by EMIC waves. All three types of precipitation show distinct features in TEC horizontal gradients, and we discuss possible implications of these features.
BH3 mimetics and azacitidine show synergistic effects on juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia
Authors: Wu Ying , Zehnle Patricia M. A. , Rajak Jovana , Koleci Naile , Andrieux Geoffroy , Gallego-Villar Lorena , Aumann Konrad , Boerries Melanie , Niemeyer Charlotte M. , Flotho Christian , Bohler Sheila , Erlacher Miriam 
Published: November 2023

AbstractJuvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) is an aggressive hematopoietic disorder of infancy and early childhood driven by constitutively active RAS signaling and characterized by abnormal proliferation of the granulocytic-monocytic blood cell lineage. Most JMML patients require hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for cure, but the risk of relapse is high for some JMML subtypes. Azacitidine was shown to effectively reduce leukemic burden in a subset of JMML patients. However, variable response rates to azacitidine and the risk of drug resistance highlight the need for novel therapeutic approaches. Since RAS signaling is known to interfere with the intrinsic apoptosis pathway, we combined various BH3 mimetic drugs with azacitidine in our previously established patient-derived xenograft model. We demonstrate that JMML cells require both MCL-1 and BCL-XL for survival, and that these proteins can be effectively targeted by azacitidine and BH3 mimetic combination treatment. In vivo azacitidine acts via downregulation of antiapoptotic MCL-1 and upregulation of proapoptotic BH3-only. The combination of azacitidine with BCL-XL inhibition was superior to BCL-2 inhibition in eliminating JMML cells. Our findings emphasize the need to develop clinically applicable MCL-1 or BCL-XL inhibitors in order to enable novel combination therapies in JMML refractory to standard therapy.
Ceramic thin-film composite membranes with tunable subnanometer pores for molecular sieving
Authors: Zhou Xuechen , Shevate Rahul , Huang Dahong , Cao Tianchi , Shen Xin , Hu Shu , Mane Anil U. , Elam Jeffrey W. , Kim Jae-Hong , Elimelech Menachem 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCeramic membranes are a promising alternative to polymeric membranes for selective separations, given their ability to operate under harsh chemical conditions. However, current fabrication technologies fail to construct ceramic membranes suitable for selective molecular separations. Herein, we demonstrate a molecular-level design of ceramic thin-film composite membranes with tunable subnanometer pores for precise molecular sieving. Through burning off the distributed carbonaceous species of varied dimensions within hybrid aluminum oxide films, we created membranes with tunable molecular sieving. Specifically, the membranes created with methanol showed exceptional selectivity toward monovalent and divalent salts. We attribute this observed selectivity to the dehydration of the large divalent ions within the subnanometer pores. As a comparison, smaller monovalent ions can rapidly permeate with an intact hydration shell. Lastly, the flux of neutral solutes through each fabricated aluminum oxide membrane was measured for the demonstration of tunable separation capability. Overall, our work provides the scientific basis for the design of ceramic membranes with subnanometer pores for molecular sieving using atomic layer deposition.
trRosettaRNA: automated prediction of RNA 3D structure with transformer network
Authors: Wang Wenkai , Feng Chenjie , Han Renmin , Wang Ziyi , Ye Lisha , Du Zongyang , Wei Hong , Zhang Fa , Peng Zhenling , Yang Jianyi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractRNA 3D structure prediction is a long-standing challenge. Inspired by the recent breakthrough in protein structure prediction, we developed trRosettaRNA, an automated deep learning-based approach to RNA 3D structure prediction. The trRosettaRNA pipeline comprises two major steps: 1D and 2D geometries prediction by a transformer network; and 3D structure folding by energy minimization. Benchmark tests suggest that trRosettaRNA outperforms traditional automated methods. In the blind tests of the 15th Critical Assessment of Structure Prediction (CASP15) and the RNA-Puzzles experiments, the automated trRosettaRNA predictions for the natural RNAs are competitive with the top human predictions. trRosettaRNA also outperforms other deep learning-based methods in CASP15 when measured by the Z-score of the Root-Mean-Square Deviation. Nevertheless, it remains challenging to predict accurate structures for synthetic RNAs with an automated approach. We hope this work could be a good start toward solving the hard problem of RNA structure prediction with deep learning.
TDP1 suppresses chromosomal translocations and cell death induced by abortive TOP1 activity during gene transcription
Authors: Rubio-Contreras Diana , Gómez-Herreros Fernando 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDNA topoisomerase I (TOP1) removes torsional stress by transiently cutting one DNA strand. Such cuts are rejoined by TOP1 but can occasionally become abortive generating permanent protein-linked single strand breaks (SSBs). The repair of these breaks is initiated by tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1 (TDP1), a conserved enzyme that unlinks the TOP1 peptide from the DNA break. Additionally, some of these SSBs can result in double strand breaks (DSBs) either during replication or by a poorly understood transcription-associated process. In this study, we identify these DSBs as a source of genome rearrangements, which are suppressed by TDP1. Intriguingly, we also provide a mechanistic explanation for the formation of chromosomal translocations unveiling an error-prone pathway that relies on the MRN complex and canonical non-homologous end-joining. Collectively, these data highlight the threat posed by TOP1-induced DSBs during transcription and demonstrate the importance of TDP1-dependent end-joining in protecting both gene transcription and genome stability.
Observing the universal screening of a Kondo impurity
Authors: Piquard C. , Glidic P. , Han C. , Aassime A. , Cavanna A. , Gennser U. , Meir Y. , Sela E. , Anthore A. , Pierre F. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe Kondo effect, deriving from a local magnetic impurity mediating electron-electron interactions, constitutes a flourishing basis for understanding a large variety of intricate many-body problems. Its experimental implementation in tunable circuits has made possible important advances through well-controlled investigations. However, these have mostly concerned transport properties, whereas thermodynamic observations - notably the fundamental measurement of the spin of the Kondo impurity - remain elusive in test-bed circuits. Here, with a novel combination of a ‘charge’ Kondo circuit with a charge sensor, we directly observe the state of the impurity and its progressive screening. We establish the universal renormalization flow from a single free spin to a screened singlet, the associated reduction in the magnetization, and the relationship between scaling Kondo temperature and microscopic parameters. In our device, a Kondo pseudospin is realized by two degenerate charge states of a metallic island, which we measure with a non-invasive, capacitively coupled charge sensor. Such pseudospin probe of an engineered Kondo system opens the way to the thermodynamic investigation of many exotic quantum states, including the clear observation of Majorana zero modes through their fractional entropy.
Aerosols overtake greenhouse gases causing a warmer climate and more weather extremes toward carbon neutrality
Authors: Wang Pinya , Yang Yang , Xue Daokai , Ren Lili , Tang Jianping , Leung L. Ruby , Liao Hong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTo mitigate climate warming, many countries have committed to achieve carbon neutrality in the mid-21st century. Here, we assess the global impacts of changing greenhouse gases (GHGs), aerosols, and tropospheric ozone (O3) following a carbon neutrality pathway on climate and extreme weather events individually using the Community Earth System Model version 1 (CESM1). The results suggest that the future aerosol reductions significantly contribute to climate warming and increase the frequency and intensity of extreme weathers toward carbon neutrality and aerosol impacts far outweigh those of GHGs and tropospheric O3. It reverses the knowledge that the changing GHGs dominate the future climate changes as predicted in the middle of the road pathway. Therefore, substantial reductions in GHGs and tropospheric O3 are necessary to reach the 1.5 °C warming target and mitigate the harmful effects of concomitant aerosol reductions on climate and extreme weather events under carbon neutrality in the future.
Nde1 promotes Lis1-mediated activation of dynein
Authors: Zhao Yuanchang , Oten Sena , Yildiz Ahmet 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCytoplasmic dynein drives the motility and force generation functions towards the microtubule minus end. The assembly of dynein with dynactin and a cargo adaptor in an active transport complex is facilitated by Lis1 and Nde1/Ndel1. Recent studies proposed that Lis1 relieves dynein from its autoinhibited conformation, but the physiological function of Nde1/Ndel1 remains elusive. Here, we investigate how human Nde1 and Lis1 regulate the assembly and subsequent motility of mammalian dynein using in vitro reconstitution and single molecule imaging. We find that Nde1 recruits Lis1 to autoinhibited dynein and promotes Lis1-mediated assembly of dynein-dynactin adaptor complexes. Nde1 can compete with the α2 subunit of platelet activator factor acetylhydrolase 1B (PAF-AH1B) for the binding of Lis1, which suggests that Nde1 may disrupt PAF-AH1B recruitment of Lis1 as a noncatalytic subunit, thus promoting Lis1 binding to dynein. Before the initiation of motility, the association of dynactin with dynein triggers the dissociation of Nde1 from dynein by competing against Nde1 binding to the dynein intermediate chain. Our results provide a mechanistic explanation for how Nde1 and Lis1 synergistically activate the dynein transport machinery.
Large area inkjet-printed OLED fabrication with solution-processed TADF ink
Authors: Kant Chandra , Shukla Atul , McGregor Sarah K. M. , Lo Shih-Chun , Namdas Ebinazar B. , Katiyar Monica 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis work demonstrates successful large area inkjet printing of a thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) material as the emitting layer of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). TADF materials enable efficient light emission without relying on heavy metals such as platinum or iridium. However, low-cost manufacturing of large-scale TADF OLEDs has been restricted due to their incompatibility with solution processing techniques. In this study, we develop ink formulation for a TADF material and show successful ink jet printing of intricate patterns over a large area (6400 mm2) without the use of any lithography. The stable ink is successfully achieved using a non-chlorinated binary solvent mixture for a solution processable TADF material, 3‐(9,9‐dimethylacridin‐10(9H)‐yl)‐9H‐xanthen‐9‐one dispersed in 4,4’-bis-(N-carbazolyl)-1,1’-biphenyl host. Using this ink, large area ink jet printed OLEDs with performance comparable to the control spin coated OLEDs are successfully achieved. In this work, we also show the impact of ink viscosity, density, and surface tension on the droplet formation and film quality as well as its potential for large-area roll-to-roll printing on a flexible substrate. The results represent a major step towards the use of TADF materials for large-area OLEDs without employing any lithography.