bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of functional changes in long‐standing type 1 diabetic patients without diabetic retinopathy with multifocal electroretinogram
Authors: Álvarez Marta Arias , Alonso Sofia Bielsa , Hospital Elvira Orduna , Tomas‐Grasa Cristina , Sopeña‐Pinilla Maria , Fernández‐Espinosa Guisela , Díaz‐Barreda Mª. Dolores , Mena Diego Rodríguez , Acha Javier , Pinilla Isabel 
Published: January 2024

Aims/Purpose: To early evaluate local functional changes in the retina of long‐standing type 1 diabetic patients (DM1) without diabetic retinopathy (DR) through the use of multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG).Methods: 46 eyes of 46 long‐standing DM1 patients without DR and 46 eyes of 46 healthy subjects were studied. Eyes with previous history of ocular diseases that could alter mfERG results were excluded. Participants were evaluated using mfERG with RETIscan recording system by Roland, following the standardized international guidelines of the International Society for Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision (ISCEV). The electrical density and implicit time of each first‐order response (K1) were measured and analysed in both study groups, as well as interocular differences.Results: Mean age was 48.00 ± 9.77 years in the DM1 group and 51.69 ± 4.75 years in the control group. The average duration of diabetes was 29.19 ± 7.85 years and the mean HbA1c level was 7.33 ± 0.9%. No statistically significant differences were found between the ages of the groups. In mfERG, a statistically significant decrease in P1 response density was recorded in the R1 ring (central 0°‐2°) in the DM1 group compared to the control subjects (p = 0.029). Additionally, the R1/R2 ratio was significantly lower in diabetic patients than in the control group (p = 0.009). There was also a statistically significant increase in the implicit time of P1 in the R5 ring (central >15°) in the DM1 group compared to the control group (p = 0.027). No interocular differences were found in the DM1 group. Regarding quadrant analysis, no statistically significant differences were found in the DM1 group.Conclusions: In patients with long‐standing DM1 without RD, mfERG enables the detection of subclinical and local findings, which indicates the presence of a pre‐existing neurodegenerative process prior to the onset of retinal lesions.
Influence of visual acuity on monocular face perception and exploration: Evidence from gaze‐contingency
Authors: Hupin Nathan , Hemptinne Coralie , Yuksel Demet 
Published: January 2024

Aims/Purpose: The remarkable ability of the human brain to identify faces has traditionally been divided in the scientific literature into relative contribution of an analytical versus a holistic way of processing the visual stimuli. Although the “part‐by‐part” analysis allows identification, previous studies have proven that the ability to perceive all parts in a simultaneous fashion seems to be the key element of what makes observers experts at face identification. Here, we aim to better understand the impact of visual acuity (VA) on the holistic and analytical processing of the face.Methods: We performed face‐matching tasks of unfamiliar faces using a gaze‐contingency approach in 12 normally sighted adults. Three viewing conditions (full view, mask effect, window effect) were simulated while VA was artificially decreased using a blur technique to obtain a linear scale of VA from LogMar 1,3 to 0,3.Results: At the group level, response times and number of fixations in full view, mask effect and window effect remained well preserved at VA as low as LogMar 1,0. Around that level of VA, both time and number of fixations increased with decreasing VA and were higher in the mask condition than in the other conditions.Conclusions: Facial identification performances remain well preserved at low VA. Evolution has allowed the brain to identify faces even if pathologies affecting the visual pathways strongly limit VA. This probably derives from the holistic strategy for face identification and the involvement of brain areas specialized in high level visual processing.
Electrophysiological response of myopic young adults with a novel ophthalmic lens for the control of myopia progression
Authors: Silva‐Leite Sara , Alves‐Touças Sílvia , Amorim‐de‐Sousa Ana , Fernandes Paulo , Méijome José Manuel González 
Published: January 2024

Aims/Purpose: To evaluate the changes in the electrophysiological response of the retina induced by a novel perifocal ophthalmic lens designed for myopia control.Methods: This experimental cross‐sectional study, evaluated eleven myopic participants (24.9 ± 4.5 years) with refractive errors lower than 6.00 D (spherical equivalent of −2.40 ± 1.32 D in the right eye and − 2.24 ± 1.56 D in the left eye). Refraction, best‐corrected visual acuity, and axial length were obtained at baseline. The global flash multifocal electroretinogram (gf‐mfERG) was assessed for the sensorial dominant eye with the RETI‐port/scan21 (Roland Consult, Wiesbaden, Germany). The gf‐mfERG recordings were performed with a stimulus array pattern of 61‐scaled hexagons displayed on a 19‐inch RGB monitor at a 33 cm distance (optically corrected). The retina was divided into three groups ‐ the fovea (that included concentric ring 1), the parafovea (rings 2 and 3) and the peripheral retina (rings 4 and 5). The peak‐time (in milliseconds, ms), the amplitude (in nano‐volts, nV) and the mean response density (nV/deg2) of the direct and implicit components (DC and IC, respectively) were analysed and compared between control (monofocal contact lenses) and test conditions (perifocal lenses). These lenses have an add power of +2.50 D on the temporal side, and + 2.00 D on the nasal side, intended to change the peripheral refraction.Results: No differences were found in the DC and IC peak time between the control and test measurements, for the fovea, parafovea and peripheral retina. The mean response density of the DC was higher with the perifocal lens for the perifovea (p‐value = 0.033) and for the peripheral retina (p‐value = 0.026). For the IC, the mean response density was also higher with the perifocal lens, only for the parafovea (p‐value = 0.003).Conclusions: Perifocal lenses for myopia control upregulate the parafoveal and peripheral retinal electrical activity.
Tryptamine psychedelics shape population receptive fields in early visual cortex in the presence of perceptual distortions
Authors: Pais Marta , Soares Carla , Teixeira Marta , Lima Gisela , Rijo Patrícia , Cabral Célia , Castelo‐Branco Miguel 
Published: January 2024

Aims/Purpose: N, N‐dimethyltryptamine (DMT) is a psychedelic tryptamine associated with conspicuous visual hallucinatory phenomena and changes in perceived visual space. The neural basis of these effects remain unidentified. We asked whether changes in population receptive field properties in the primary visual cortex (V1) occur in parallel with changes in visual phenomenology.Methods: We tested this hypothesis using magnetic resonance imaging using a placebo‐controlled design of inhaled DMT. We used a population receptive field (pRF) mapping method, which assesses neural population visual response properties and retinotopic maps in visual cortex. One‐Way Repeated Measures ANOVA was performed to determine if populations of visual neurons do reorganize along eccentricity in response to inhaled DMT. We also tested the phenomenology of visual hallucinations using the Hallucinogen Rating scale (HRS) with a focus on the visual cluster of symptoms.Results: We show that the pRF sizes in V1 are significantly increased in peripherical field in the active condition (inhaled DMT) versus placebo (F (3, 54) = 22.6790, p‐value <0.0001). Post hoc Paired Sample T‐Tests were used to determine which pairs of bins of eccentricity were associated to significant differences. We found statistically significant differences for the peripherical bins of eccentricity (3.75 deg, 6.25 deg, 8.75 deg). These effects were accompanied by higher visual scores in Hallucinogen Rating scale (HRS) F(1,9) = 46 434, p < 0.05).Conclusions: This evidence for fast effects of DMT resulting in increased population receptive fields is consistent with the presence of visual manifestations and may explain perceptual distortions induced by psychedelics such as field blurring and the enlargement of nearby visual space, particularly at the visual periphery.
Are there any indicative signs in colour Doppler imaging of de novo development thyroid orbitopathy after radioiodine treatment
Authors: Walasik‐Szemplińska Dorota , Kamiński Grzegorz , Sudoł‐Szopińska Iwona 
Published: January 2024

Aims/Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify indicative signs in doppler flow parameters in the central retinal artery (CRA) and ophthalmic artery (OA) which might be associated with de novo development of thyroid‐associated orbitopathy in the early period after radioiodine treatment in patients with Graves disease.Methods: 82 patients with hyperthyroidism were enrolled: 44 with Graves disease and 38 with toxic nodular goitre. In both groups, blood flow parameters in the CRA and OA were analysed before and 2 and 4 weeks after radioiodine administration. The peak systolic velocity (PSV) and end‐diastolic velocity (EDV) were evaluated, and the resistive index (RI) was calculated.Results: There were no statistically significant differences in the PSV, EDV or RI between groups at baseline and 4 weeks after radioiodine administration. Two weeks after radioiodine administration, the RI in the CRA and EDV in the OA were significantly lower, and the EDV in the CRA was higher in patients with Graves disease than in patients with toxic nodular goitre. There was an inverse correlation between baseline thyrotropin receptor autoantibody (TRAb) levels and the difference between the RI at weeks 4 and 2 (RI3‐RI2) in the CRA and a positive correlation between the baseline anti‐thyroid peroxidase antibody concentration and RI3‐RI2 in the OA.Conclusions: Administration of radioiodine results in more prominent features of hyperkinetic circulation. Patients with Graves disease and high TRAb titers have a lower sensitivity to radioiodine treatment. High TRAb titers suggest higher disease activity and a weaker therapeutic effect of radioiodine.References1. Alp M, Ozgen A, Can I, Cakar P, Gunalp I. Colour Doppler imaging of the orbital vasculature in Graves' disease with Computed tomographic correlation. Br J Ophthalmol 2000; 84: 1027–1030.2. Chiovato L, Fiore E, Vitti P, et al. Outcome of thyroid function in Graves' patients treated with radioiodine: role of thyroidstimulating and thyrotropin‐blocking antibodies and of radioiodine‐induced thyroid damage. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998; 83: 40–46.3. Kaise K, Kaise N, Yoshida K, et al. Thyrotropin receptor antibody activities significantly correlate with the outcome of radioiodine (131I) therapy for hyperthyroid Graves' disease. Endocrinol Jpn 1991; 38: 429–433.
Changes in visual function in long‐term type 1 diabetic patients without diabetic retinopathy using full‐field electroretinogram
Authors: Álvarez Marta Arias , Fernández‐Espinosa Guisela , Sopeña‐Pinilla Maria , Tomas‐Grasa Cristina , Alonso Sofia Bielsa , Boned‐Murillo Ana , Garza Inés Vicente , Mena Diego Rodríguez , Orduna Hospital Elvira , Pinilla Isabel 
Published: January 2024

Aims/Purpose: To evaluate changes in retinal function in type 1 diabetic patients (DM1) without diabetic retinopathy (DR) using full‐field electroretinogram (ffERG).Methods: Forty‐six eyes of long term DM1 patients without DR were compared to 46 eyes of healthy subjects. None of them had any ophthalmic pathology that could alter the findings. All the subjects were evaluated following the standardized international ISCEV guidelines. The amplitude and implicit time (IT) of each component of scotopic and photopic responses were evaluated, along with interocular differences.Results: There were no age differences between groups. A significant increase in the rod response IT of the DM1 patients was observed compared to the control group (p = 0.0012). The b wave amplitude in the mixed response was statistically reduced in the DM1 group compared to the control group (p = 0.03). There was an increase in the IT of both a and b‐wave in the mixed response at the higher stimulus intensity in the DM1 compared to control (p = 0.023 and p = 0.004 respectively). b/a rate was similar in both groups. The oscillatory potentials (OPs) showed an increase in their IT (p = 0.008) and a decrease in OP2 amplitude in the DM1 group. Cone mediated b‐wave was diminished in DM1.Conclusions: Full‐field electroretinogram enables the detection of subclinical findings in long term DM1 patients suggesting the existence of neurodegeneration prior the appearance of DR, particularly in the rod system and OPs.
Soluble epoxide hydrolase gene deletion ameliorates retinal and ophthalmic arterial senescesome
Authors: Manicam Caroline , Zare Elahe , Dejung Mario , Butter Falk , Grus Franz , Pfeiffer Norbert , Perumal Natarajan 
Published: January 2024

Aims/Purpose: Neurovascular dysfunction in glaucoma is exacerbated by aging. We recently deciphered the crucial role of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) metabolic pathway in the retina (R) and ophthalmic artery (OA). Vasoactive CYP metabolites are hydrolysed by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), thereby diminishing their protective effects. Hence, sEH has emerged as a novel inhibitory target. This study defined the neuro‐vasculoprotective molecular signatures of Ephx2 gene deletion (KO) that impinge senescence in the neural R and OA.Methods: Retinae and OA were isolated from young (3–5 months) and old (12–24 months) male wild type (WT) and KO mice. Samples were pooled (n = 5 mice/group/replicate) to yield 4 biological replicates per group and subjected to label‐free mass spectrometry‐based proteomics and in‐silico bioinformatics analyses.Results: A total of 3706 retinal and 644 OA proteins were identified. Aging profoundly affected the R and OA proteome of WT mice, as demonstrated by the differential expressions of 183 and 111 proteins, respectively. The key changes attributed to age‐related R cellular dysfunction and DNA damage were reflected in the inactivation of NAD+ (p = 9.1 × 10−4) and sirtuin (p = 6.2 × 10−3) signalling pathways. Remarkably, KO had a major influence on the regulation of R proteins involved in bioenergetics reprogramming via mitochondrial homeostasis in young mice, which was shown by the activation of oxidative phosphorylation (p = 1.3 × 10−6) and inhibition of mitochondrial dysfunction (p = 3.4 × 10−3), both of which corresponded to upstream involvement of UQCC3 (p = 7.3 × 10−7). A translation regulator, LARP1, which regulates cell proliferation and protein synthesis, was highly activated in the aged KO retina (p = 10 × 10−16) compared to aged WT (p = 3.1 × 10−5). In the OA, vascular remodelling processes observed in the aged WT mice, primarily compromised microtubule dynamics (3.6 × 10−8) and cell–cell contact (3.7 × 10−6), were significantly attenuated in the KO. Noteworthy, KO significantly mitigated proteome changes attributed to inflammatory response in the OA of both young and aged mice.Conclusions: In gist, the Ephx2 gene deletion significantly ameliorated detrimental senescesome in ocular neurovascular tissues. The potential use of sEH inhibitors for glaucoma needs further investigation.
Influence of the postoperative restrictive methodologies and efficacy of the Baerveldt 350 implant after 12 months follow‐up
Authors: del Mar Schilt‐Catafal Maria , Arciniegas Carlos , Gutierrez‐Lemus Nathalie , Marrón Elena Ávila , Guevara‐Chavarría Osvaldo , Djavanmardi Shirin , Duch Susana 
Published: January 2024

Aims/Purpose: To assess the clinical outcomes subsequent to the implantation of a Baerveldt 350 drainage device, utilizing different restrictive methodologies to prevent sudden postoperative hypotony (HT) (IOP <6 mmHg), and their subsequent impact on the incidence of a Hypertensive phase (HP).Methods: A retrospective observational analysis of 71 consecutive eyes that had a Baerveldt 350 implanted. 50 eyes had 6 or 7/0 polyglactin tube ligation (ligature group = LG) and 21 eyes had a 3/0 polypropylene intraluminal tear cord 3/0 added to the ligation (ripcord‐ligature group = RLG), which was manually removed at the surgeon's discretion after spontaneous opening of the polyglactin. Intraocular pressure (IOP) and ocular hypotensive medication (OHM) lowering, failure rate, complete and partial success (CS and PS) and presence of HP were analysed.Results: The mean preoperative IOP was 26.14 (11.34) mmHg with 2.98 OHM for the LG and 28 (8.76) mmHg with 3.35 OHM for the RLG (p = 0.545 and p = 0.397). At the end of the follow‐up, the mean postoperative IOP was 13.35 (3.87) mmHg for the LG and 10.81(2.66) mmHg for the RLG (p = 0.01). The mean reduction of OHM was 2.25 (1.38) for the LG and 2.81 (1.6) for the RLG (p = 0.168). HP was noted in 26 patients (37.14%), 25 of them took place in the LG (50%); however, only 1 took place in the RLG (5%) (p = 0.00023). 35% of the patients who exhibited HP achieved CS, compared to 67.7% of the patients that did not show HP (p = 0.022). The survival analysis for a 12 months follow‐up period, showed that the estimate survival time for the LG was 10.97 (±0.521), and 11.64 (±0.342) for the RLG (p = 0.216). Two predictors were identified for risk of failure and CS: age of the patient before surgery (OR 0.157; 95% CI 0.029–0.865; p = 0.033) and the presence of HP (OR 3.90; 95% CI 1.189–12.794; p = 0.025). Lastly, HT was noted in 55 patients (80.9%), 45 of them took place in the LG (81.8%); however, only 10 took place in the RLG (18.2%) (Pearson Chi‐S p = 0.000225).Conclusions: Baerveldt 350 drainage device implantation has proven to be an effective procedure for glaucoma control. The use of the ripcord added to the absorbable ligature was associated with less risk of HP, and with better IOP results at the 12‐months follow‐up. Nevertheless, further research with larger population and larger follow‐up is needed to obtain robust results.
Anti‐cytokine antibodies attenuated neuroglial degeneration under hypoxic stress
Authors: Guan Chaoqiang , Zhang Linglin , Perumal Natarajan , Lin Hao , Francis Alfred Francis Pakkam John , Pfeiffer Norbert , Grus Franz , Manicam Caroline 
Published: January 2024

Aims/Purpose: Hypoxia is a vital cause of neurodegenerative diseases such as glaucoma and retinal ischemia. We investigated the potential neuroprotective effects of anti‐cytokine antibodies against hypoxic damage.Methods: An in vitro hypoxia model was established using cobalt chloride (CoCl2) stimulation in microglial cells (BV‐2). Immunofluorescence staining was performed to detect the expression markers of different microglial phenotypes in BV‐2. Different concentrations of CoCl2 (0–150 μM) were tested to generate dose–response curves. Following exposure to CoCl2 at an approximate IC50 of 0.1 mM, BV‐2 were treated with anti‐tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (anti‐TNF‐α) or anti‐ interleukin‐1 beta (anti‐IL‐1β) antibodies for 24 h. Cell viability was determined by MTS assay. Proteome changes in BV‐2 were analysed with the mass spectrometry‐based proteomics approach.Results: Immunocytochemistry revealed the expression of M1 marker consisting CD68 and M2 marker CD206 in the BV‐2 cells. Hypoxia induced by mimetic CoCl2 led to a concentration‐dependent viability impairment in BV‐2 and cells treated with 0.1 mM CoCl2 for 24 h showed decreased viability of ~46%‐ 50%. Interestingly, the application of anti‐TNF‐α (2ug/ml) and anti‐IL‐1β (4ug/ml) antibodies significantly improved the BV‐2 cell viability to 80% (p < 0.0001) and 76% (p < 0.0001), respectively. Proteomics and bioinformatics analyses of the differentially expressed proteins revealed that CoCl2 induced proteome alterations involved in mitochondrial dysfunction signalling pathway (p = 1.10 × 10−3), which were eliminated by the treatment with both anti‐TNF‐α and anti‐IL‐1β. Besides, CoCl2‐induced activation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response (p = 3.33 × 10−9) was alleviated by anti‐IL‐1β and anti‐TNF‐α treatment (p = 1.7 × 10−7 and p = 8.82 × 10−7, respectively). Particularly, anti‐TNF‐α antibody significantly downregulated proteins involved in apoptosis (p = 1.58 × 10−10). Anti‐IL‐1β induced Nrf2‐mediated antioxidant response and exerts protection against oxidative stress (p = 1.00 × 10−6).Conclusions: Antibodies targeting cytokines provide neuroprotective effects on microglial cells from hypoxic stress. These findings demonstrated the potential use of anti‐cytokines in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
Intraocular pressure and its determinants in a very old population. The ural very old study
Authors: Jonas Jost , Mukharram Bikbov , Gyulli M. , Iakupova Ellina , Panda‐Jonas Songhomitra , Tuliakova Azaliia , Fakhretdinova Albina , Iulia A. 
Published: January 2024

Aims/Purpose: To assess the distribution of intraocular pressure (IOP) and its determinants in a very old population.Methods: The population‐based Ural Very Old Study (UVOS) was performed in a rural and urban region of Bashkortostan/Russia and consisted of 1526 (81.1%) out of 1882 eligible individuals aged 85+ years. As part of a series of medical and ophthalmological examinations, we measured IOP by non‐contact tonometry.Results: The study included 1042 (68.3%) individuals with available IOP readings (mean age:88.1 ± 2.7 years). After excluding individuals with anti‐glaucomatous therapy, mean IOP was 14.5 ± 5.1 mmHg (median:14 mmHg; 95%CI:8,25) with a right‐sided skewed distribution. In multivariable analysis, higher IOP was associated (correlation coefficient r:0.38) with female sex (beta:0.13; p = 0.002), thinner central cornea thickness (beta:0.23; p < 0.001), higher systolic blood pressure (beta:0.13; p = 0.006), higher estimated cerebrospinal fluid pressure (CSFP) (beta:0.11; p = 0.04), longer axial length (beta:0.09; p = 0.02), and status after cataract surgery (beta:‐0.17; p < 0.001). In that model, the IOP measurements increased by 0.02 mmHg (95%CI:0.01,0.03) for each increase in systolic blood pressure by 1 mmHg, by 0.11 mmHg (95%CI:0.004,0.22) for each increase in estimated CSFP by 1 mmHg, by 0.2 mmHg (95%CI:0.1,0.3) for each central corneal thickness increase by 10 μm, and by 0.31 mmHg (95%CI:0.05,0.59) for each axial length increase by 1 mm. It decreased by 1.13 mmHg (95%CI:0.54,1.72) with cataract surgery.Conclusions: In this study population aged 85 + years, corneal thickness‐adjusted IOP‐readings increased with higher blood pressure and estimated CSFP and longer axial length, and it decreased with cataract surgery.