bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Routine prenatal ultrasound screening for fetal abnormalities: 22 years' experience
Authors: Carrera J. M. , Torrents M. , Mortera C. , Cusí V. , Muñoz A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe describe the results of routine obstetric ultrasound present, several trials (e.g. the Euro Fetus–European examination over a period of 22 years (1970–91) at the Institut Universitari Dexeus, Barcelona, Spain.A total of 1006 malformed fetuses or neonates were identified at abortion or delivery. The prevalence of fetal abnormalities was 3.03%. Fetal anomalies were diagnosed antenatally in 788 (78.33%) cases. Early prenatal diagnosis (before 22 weeks of gestation) was made in 598 (59.44%) cases. The detection of malformed fetuses increased from 19.75% in the first phase of the study (1970–74) to 96.33% in the last phase (1990–91). The specificity of the method was over 99%, throughout the study period. The most frequently diagnosed anomalies were urinary tract anomalies (22.86%) of cases), followed by head and neck anomalies (18.68%), musculoskeletal anomalies (8.64%), heart anomalies (7.35%) and gastrointestinal anomalies (7.35%). The earliest diagnosed malformations were those of the thoracoabdominal wall (81.08%), followed by defects of the urinary tract (70.86%) and of the diaphragm (70.83%). Copyright © 1995 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Sonographic assessment of birth weight among breech presentations
Authors: Chauhan S. P. , Magann E. F. , Naef R. W. , Martin J. N. , Aforrison J. C. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe objective of this study was to determine whether there was a difference in the accuracy of sonographically determined birth weight estimate in fetuses presenting by the breech as compared to the vertex.Prospectively, IO4 consecutive singleton fetuses presented by the breech presentation were identified who also had a sonographic estimate of birth weight within 72 h of delivery. The control group (n = 104) consisted of fetuses presenting by the vertex of women who had the following hospital number and who were of similar demographic characteristics; the birth weight estimate in the control group had to be within 100 g of that of the women with the breech fetus. The estimate of the birth weight was derived for both groups using seven published models. Prediction limits were calculated for an estimated vs. actual birth weight for parturients with breech presentation.Among the study group, the mean standardized absolute error was similar for the seven models (range 120 ± 104 to 138 ± 118 g/kg; p = 0.08). For six of the models, the mean standardized absolute error was significantly higher for fetuses in the breech presentation than for fetuses in vertex presentation (range 80 ± 63 to 112 ± 95 g/kg; p = 0.02 to < 0.0001). Prediction limit calculations indicate that 99% of the time the actual birth weight was between 1500 and 3999 g if the estimate of birth weight was 2400–2900 g.We conclude that, for fetuses in a breech presentation, the error with most models is significantly higher than for a singleton in the vertex position. Copyright © 1995 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Early ultrasound‐guided transvaginal drainage of tuba‐ovarian abscesses: a randomized study
Authors: Perez‐Medina T. , Huertas M. A. , Bajo J. M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA prospective study of 40 women diagnosed as suffering from tubo‐ovarian abscesses was carried out in order to compare the outcome after treating these abscesses with intensive antibiotic therapy alone or in association with early ultrasound‐guided vaginal drainage.Patients were assigned to two groups, distributed on a random basis, with a clinical and ultrasound diagnosis of tubo‐ovarian abscess of less than 10 cm maximal diameter.Both groups received an antimicrobial combination of clindamycin and gentamicin. In the study group, we performed, in addition, early transvaginal drainage of the abscess. Both short‐term (48–72 h) and medium‐term (4 weeks) responses to the treatment were evaluated.In the study group we observed a favorable short‐term response in 90% of the cases, whereas this was 65% in the control group.In the medium‐term follow up, one patient in the study group and three in the control group had an adnexal masson transvaginal sonography. Copyright © 1996 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Three‐vessel view of the fetal upper mediastinum: an easy means of detecting abnormalities of the ventricular outflow tracts and great arteries during obstetric screening
Authors: Yoo S. ‐J. , Lee Y.‐H. , Kim E. S. , Ryu H. M. , Kim M. Y. , Choi H.‐K. , Cho K. S. , Kim A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe three‐vessel view is a transverse view of the fetal upper mediastinum is as simple to obtain as the four‐chamber view. It demonstrates the main pulmonary artery, ascending aorta and superior vena cava in cross‐ or oblique sections. The purposes of this study were to describe the normal anatomy of the three‐vessel view and to analyze what anatomical changes would occur in this view when there are lesions of the ventricular outflow tracts and/or great arteries. Sonograms of 29 fetuses with lesions involving the ventricular outflow tracts and/or great arteries were reviewed. Three‐vessel views were evaluated in terms of vessel size, number, arrangement and alignment.Twenty‐eight of 29 fetuses showed an abnormal three‐vessel view that included abnormal vessel size (n = 12), abnormal alignment (n = 8), abnormal arrangement (n = 7) and abnormal vessel number (n = 3). The vessel size was abnormal in obstructive lesions of the right (n = 4) or the left (n = 8) side of the heart. An abnormal alignment was seen in tetralogy of Fallot (n = 6) and double‐outlet right ventricle (n = 2) that showed anterior displacement of the aorta. An abnormal arrangement was seen in complete (n = 4) and corrected (n = 1) transpositions, double‐outlet right ventricle (n = 1) and pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect (n = 1). Only two vessels were seen in truncus arteriosus (n = 1). Four vessels were seen in persistent left superior vena cava (n = 2). A fetus with pulmonary atresia and intact ventricular septum showed a normal three‐vessel view.In conclusion, most of the lesions involving the ventricular outflow tracts and/or great arteries showed an abnormal three‐vessel view. Copyright © 1997 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Prenatal identification of a completely cystic internal sacrococcygeal teratoma (Type IV)
Authors: Winderl L. M. , Silverman R. K. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractSacrococcygeal teratomas can be diagnosed prenatally with a detailed ultrasound examination of the fetal anatomy. The majority of these teratomas are solid or mixed cystic and solid external caudal masses. A conclusion drawn from the literature is that only a small percentage are entirely cystic and few are completely internal or presacral without external component (Type IV). This report describes an unusual case of a large completely internal cystic sacrococcygeal teratoma identified prenatally by ultrasonography at 32 weeks' gestation. The differential diagnosis for this unique presentation of sacrococcygeal teratoma is different from that considered for predominantly external complex tumors. Copyright © 1997 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Clinical and perinatal sonographic features of congenital adrenal cystic neuroblastoma: a case report with review of the literature
Authors: Chen C.‐P. , Chen S.‐H. , Chuang C.‐Y. , Lee H.‐C. , Hwu Y.‐M. , Chang P.‐Y. , Chen M.‐L. , Chen B.‐F. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractCystic formation in association with adrenal neuroblastoma may be related to hemorrhage and necrosis of the tumor. We present an unusual case of congenital cystic fetal neuroblastoma of the right adrenal gland detected at 37 weeks' gestation which evolved into a complex echogenic mass 6 weeks after birth. Surgical exploration revealed a 3.5 × 3 × 3 cm right complex adrenal tumor which was resected. The infant did well 10 weeks after tumor resection. Typically adrenal hemorrhage may appear sonographically to be entirely echogenic, of mixed echogenicity, or anechoic when first imaged. Gradually, the texture of the hematoma will evolve and become more cystic and echolucent on follow‐up ultrasound examinations. In contrast, our case of congenital adrenal cystic neuroblastoma became more complex after resolution of the hemorrhagic cyst. This case suggests that adrenal hemorrhage and adrenal cystic neuroblastoma with a hemorrhagic cyst have different sonographic appearances. We suggest that additional imaging and surgical intervention should be considered whenever a cystic suprarenal mass becomes more complex after resolution and demonstrates no significant decrease in size in postnatal examinations. Copyright © 1997 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Unexpected effect of a nitric oxide donor on uterine artery Doppler velocimetry in oligomenorrheic women with polycystic ovaries
Authors: Lees C. , Jurkovic D. , Zaidi J. , Campbell S. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe compared uterine artery vascular responses following administration of the nitric oxide donor glyceryl trinitrate to ten women with oligomenorrhea and ultrasound evidence of polycystic ovaries with those of nine women with a normal menstrual cycle and ultrasonically normal ovaries.Mean arterial blood pressure, pulse rate and uterine artery flow velocity waveforms were recorded before and 60–75 min after glyceryl trinitrate patch application. The pulsatility index and resistance index were calculated to describe changes in impedance to flow in the uterine artery. Peak systolic and time‐averaged velocities were also measured.Pretreatment median arterial pressure was higher in women with polycystic ovaries (90 mmHg) compared to those with regular cycles (80 mmHg) (p < 0.05).No differences were found in pulse rate and uterine artery blood flow indices between the two groups. After glyceryl trinitrate patch administration, there was no change in blood pressure or pulse rate in either group. In women with polycystic ovaries, there was an increase in uterine artery resistance index (0.93 to 1.00; p < 0.05) and pulsatility index (3.77 to 4.99; p < 0.05) and a decrease in peak systolic (36.8 to 32.3 cm/s; p < 0.05) and time‐averaged maximum (8.5 to 5.0 cm/s; p < 0.05) velocities. Uterine artery Doppler parameters remained unchanged in women with normal cycles.Uterine artery vascular responses to the nitric oxide donor glyceryl trinitrate are different in women with normal cycles compared to oligomenorrheic women with polycystic ovaries. This may be relevant to an understanding of the pathophysiology underlying the higher risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality associated with polycystic ovarian syndrome. Copyright © 1998 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
The optimal gestational age to examine fetal anatomy and measure nuchal translucency in the first trimester
Authors: Whitlow B. J. , Economides D. L. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe objective of this study was to determine the optimal gestational age for examining fetal anatomy and nuchal translucency in the first trimester. In a prospective cross‐sectional study, 1288 women from an unselected population underwent a detailed assessment of fetal anatomy at 10–14 weeks of gestation (confirmed by crown‐rump length) with the use of transabdominal sonography and transvaginal sonography, when necessary.Visualization of fetal anatomy improved with increasing gestational age: 6, 75, 96, and 98% of cases could be visualized at 10, 11, 12 and 13 weeks of gestation, respectively, and was similarly high (98%) at 14 weeks. The ability to measure nuchal translucency was similar from weeks 10 to 13 (100, 98, 98 and 98% success rate), but fell to 90% at 14 weeks. The need for transvaginal sonography steadily decreased with increasing gestational age, being 100, 42, 21, 15 and 11% at 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 weeks, respectively. From these data it appears that the optimal gestational age to examine fetal anatomy and measure nuchal translucency in the first trimester is 13 weeks. Copyright © 1998 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Examination of fetal coronary sinus blood flow by Doppler ultrasound
Authors: Baschat A. A. , Gembruch U. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe aim of this study was to demonstrate coronary sinus blood flow in the human fetus by color Doppler imaging and pulsed wave Doppler sonography and to determine the feasibility of using Doppler ultrasound for routine investigation.Visualization of the coronary sinus blood flow by color Doppler imaging was attempted in 84 fetuses with appropriate growth and normal cardiac anatomy, and in which right or left lateral four‐chamber views could be obtained (median gestational age, 32 + 5 weeks). After successful identification, examination of the flow velocity waveform and measurement of peak blood flow velocities by pulsed wave Doppler were attempted.Detection of coronary sinus blood flow by color Doppler imaging was possible in 48 fetuses (57.1%) at a median gestational age of 30 + 3 weeks. Pulsed wave measurements were successful in only 11 fetuses (13.1%) (median gestational age, 34 + 2 weeks). The flow velocity waveform is triphasic with antegrade flow towards the right atrium during systole and diastole and reverse flow during atrial contraction. Peak blood flow velocities during diastole were higher (median, 0.38 m/s) than during systole (median, 0.18 m/s); median peak velocity during atrial contraction was −0.05 m/s. Measurement difficulties were due to small fetal size and interference caused by intra‐atrial blood flow and/or atrioventricular valvular movement. Demonstration of coronary sinus blood flow by color Doppler imaging is possible in the human fetus. However, pulsed wave Doppler measurements are infrequently obtained, making this study for routine assessment of myocardial blood flow unfeasible. Copyright © 1998 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Evaluation of different transvaginal sonographic diagnostic parameters in women with postmenopausal bleeding
Authors: Weber G. , Mere E. , Bahlmanw E. , Riisch B. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether the accuracy of transvaginal sonography to detect endometrial pathology is enhanced by assessing endometrial morphology and the regularity of the endometrial border in addition to measurement of endometrial thickness in women with postmenopausal bleeding.Design and methodsA total of 159 women with post‐menopausal bleeding were included in a prospective study performed at the Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Mainz. The results obtained on transvaginal sonographic assessment of the endometrium were compared with the histological evaluation of the operative endometrial specimen.ResultsA cut‐off level for endometrial thickness of 5 mm had a sensitivity of 94%, specificity of 48% and positive and negative predictive values of 69% and 87%, respectively for the presence of endometrial pathology. Assessment of the regularity of the endometrial border showed a sensitivity of 75X, specificity of 66% and positive and negative predictive values of 73% and 69%, respectively. For the third sonographic parameter, endometrial morphology, the sensitivity was 82%, specificity 64%, the positive predictive value 73% and the negative predictive value 74%. The combined consideration of the three sonographic parameters showed a sensitivity of 97%, specificity of 69X0, and positive and negative predictive values of 80% and 94%, respectively.ConclusionThe combined evaluation of endometrial thickness, endometrial morphology and the endometrial border enhances the accuracy of transvaginal sonography to detect endometrial pathology in women with postmenopausal bleeding, thus facilitating the decision regarding further diagnostic and therapeutic measures. It was therefore the aim of the present study to investigate whether, in addition to an evaluation of endometrial thickness, the assessment of endometrial morphology and the regularity of endometrial border may improve the accuracy of transvaginal sonography to detect endometrial pathology in women with postmenopausal bleeding. Copyright © 1998 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Subjective assessment of adnexal masses with the use of ultrasonography: an analysis of interobserver variability and experience
Authors: Timmerman D. , Schwärzler P. , Collins W. P. , Claerhout F. , Coenen M. , Amant F. , Vergote I. , Bourne T. H. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the study was to evaluate the subjective assessment of ultrasonographic images for discriminating between malignant and benign adnexal masses.Study designThe study was prospective. Initially, one ultrasonographer preoperatively assessed 300 consecutive patients with adnexal masses. Subsequently, the recorded transparent photographic prints were independently assessed by five investigators, with different qualifications and level of experience, who were also given a brief clinical history of the patients (i.e. the age, menstrual status, family history of ovarian cancer, previous pelvic surgery and the presenting symptoms). The diagnostic performance of the observers was compared with the histopathology classification of malignant or benign tumors. The end‐points were accuracy, interobserver agreement and the possible effect of experience.ResultsThe first ultrasonographer and the most experienced investigator both obtained an accuracy of 92%. There was very good agreement between these two investigators in the classification of the adnexal masses (Cohen's kappa 0.85). The less experienced observers obtained a significantly lower accuracy, which varied between 82% and 87%. Their interobserver agreement was moderate to good (Cohen's kappa 0.52 to 0.76).ConclusionExperienced ultrasonographers using some clinical information and their subjective assessment of ultrasonographic images can differentiate malignant from benign masses in most cases. The accuracy and the level of interobserver agreement are both correlated with experience. About 10% of masses were extremely difficult to classify (only < 50% of assessors were correct). Copyright © 1999 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Maternal cardiolipin, β2‐glycoprotein‐I and prothrombin antibody expression in high‐risk pregnancies with bilateral abnormal uterine artery Doppler waveforms
Authors: Donohoe S. , Geary M. , Kingdom J. C. P. , Jauniaux E. , Purdy G. , Mackie I. J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the frequency of maternal serum antiphospholipid antibodies (to cardiolipin, β2‐glyco‐protein I and prothrombin) in pregnancies presenting with bilateral abnormal uterine artery Doppler waveforms.DesignRetrospective analysis of stored serum.SubjectsCases comprised 47 singleton pregnancies with bilateral abnormal uterine artery Doppler waveforms at 24 weeks of gestation, followed from 20 weeks, and controls were 100 healthy pregnancies with normal uterine artery Doppler waveforms.MethodsUltrasound examination utilized a 5‐MHz curvilinear transabdominal transducer with pulsed and color Doppler facilities. Antiphospholipid antibodies were analyzed by ELISA methodology, and reference ranges were established using the geometric mean ± 2 SD of healthy non‐pregnant adults. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) levels were obtained from patient notes.ResultsAnticardiolipin antibodies were detected in 11 (23%) of the cases (IgG, n = 7; IgM, n = 6) compared with ten (10%) of the controls (p < 0.05). Low titer anticardiolipin IgG (range, 5.5–35.3; median, 6.3 GPL units) and anticardiolipin IgM (range, 3.4–14.7; median, 5.3 MPL units) were detected in cases. Amongst the cases, adverse perinatal outcomes were more common in the presence of raised levels of anticardiolipin antibodies. Anti‐β2‐glycoprotein I IgG was not detected in any of the cases. Antiprothrombin IgG was not detected, but antiprothrombin IgM occurred in 10.6% of cases compared with 2% of controls.ConclusionsWomen with persistent bilateral abnormal uterine artery Doppler waveforms in mid‐gestation were more likely to express raised levels of anticardiolipin antibodies than healthy controls with normal uteroplacental perfusion. Anticardiolipin antibodies without anti‐β2‐glycoprotein I binding may be involved in the pathogenesis of uteroplacental ischemia in a proportion of high‐risk pregnancies. Copyright © 1999 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
In utero diagnosis of cardiac hemangioma
Authors: Tseng J. J. , Chou M. M. , Lee Y. H. , Ho E. S. C. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractFetal cardiac hemangioma is rarely diagnosed prenatally. We present here a fetus with such a tumor diagnosed at 28 weeks' gestation. With the use of fetal echocardiography, a mixed echogenic mass protruding outward from the right atrial wall was observed. Moderate amounts of pericardial effusion were also found. Although no apparent blood flow signal was detected in the mass, fetal echocardiography showed signs suggestive of a hemangioma. Differential diagnosis, management and prognosis are discussed. Copyright © 1999 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Evaluation of ultrasound‐estimated date of delivery in 17 450 spontaneous singleton births: do we need to modify Naegele's rule?
Authors: Nguyen T. H. , Larsen T. , Engholm G. , Møller H. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the size of error in the predicted date of delivery by biparietal diameter (BPD) and last menstrual period (LMP) in different clinical models.Materials and methods Predicted dates of delivery were calculated in 14 805 spontaneous deliveries with a reliable date of LMP using two assumptions: average length of pregnancy of 280 and of 282 days. Errors in these calculated dates were tested when used alone or combined, i.e. the LMP‐predicted date of delivery was used as first choice unless the discrepancy between gestational age calculated by BPD and LMP exceeded 7, 10 or 14 days.ResultsThe average discrepancy (error) between predicted date of delivery from BPD and LMP and date of spontaneous delivery was 7.96 and 8.63 days, respectively (p < 0.0001). Adding 282 instead of 280 days to the first day of the LMP reduced the error of the LMP method from 8.63 to 8.41 days, reduced the percentage of classified post‐term deliveries from 7.9 to 5.2% and increased the preterm births from 3.96 to 4.48%. No models of combined use of LMP and BPD were superior to the use of BPD alone.ConclusionIf both BPD and LMP are available, BPD should be used to predict term. If only LMP is available, term should be calculated as the first date of the LMP plus 282. Copyright © 1999 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology