bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On dosimetric characteristics of detectors for relative dosimetry in small fields: a multicenter experimental study
Authors: Casar Božidar , Mendez Ignasi , Gershkevitsh Eduard , Wegener Sonja , Jaffray David , Heaton Robert , Pesznyak Csilla , Stelczer Gabor , Bulski Wojciech , Chełminski Krzysztof , Smirnov Georgiy , Antipina Natalia , Beavis Andrew W , Harding Nicholas , Jurković Slaven , Hwang Min-Sig , Saiful Huq M 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objective. In this multicentric collaborative study, we aimed to verify whether the selected radiation detectors satisfy the requirements of TRS-483 Code of Practice for relative small field dosimetry in megavoltage photon beams used in radiotherapy, by investigating four dosimetric characteristics. Furthermore, we intended to analyze and complement the recommendations given in TRS-483. Approach. Short-term stability, dose linearity, dose-rate dependence, and leakage were determined for 17 models of detectors considered suitable for small field dosimetry. Altogether, 47 detectors were used in this study across ten institutions. Photon beams with 6 and 10 MV, with and without flattening filters, generated by Elekta Versa HDTM or Varian TrueBeamTM linear accelerators, were used. Main results. The tolerance level of 0.1% for stability was fulfilled by 70% of the data points. For the determination of dose linearity, two methods were considered. Results from the use of a stricter method show that the guideline of 0.1% for dose linearity is not attainable for most of the detectors used in the study. Following the second approach (squared Pearson’s correlation coefficient r
2), it was found that 100% of the data fulfill the criteria r
2 > 0.999 (0.1% guideline for tolerance). Less than 50% of all data points satisfied the published tolerance of 0.1% for dose-rate dependence. Almost all data points (98.2%) satisfied the 0.1% criterion for leakage. Significance. For short-term stability (repeatability), it was found that the 0.1% guideline could not be met. Therefore, a less rigorous criterion of 0.25% is proposed. For dose linearity, our recommendation is to adopt a simple and clear methodology and to define an achievable tolerance based on the experimental data. For dose-rate dependence, a realistic criterion of 1% is proposed instead of the present 0.1%. Agreement was found with published guidelines for background signal (leakage).
A versatile semi-active magnetorheological inerter with energy harvesting and active control capabilities
Authors: Cao Jing , Ning Donghong , Liu Pengfei , Sun Shuaishuai , Liu Guijie , Du Haiping 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Semi-active devices typically adjust the system’s damping coefficient to control vibration, offering advantages such as excellent performance and low power consumption. However, the output force of the traditional variable damping (VD) device can only be opposite to the relative motion direction of the device’s two terminals, which limits the vibration control performance. This paper introduces a versatile semi-active magnetorheological (MR) inerter with three operating modes, the VD, energy harvesting, and active control modes, to break through the performance bottleneck of traditional semi-active devices. The MR inerter combines two MR dampers and a flywheel, acting as the controllable units and energy sink. The built prototype is tested, and its parameters are identified. When the innovative semi-active inerter works with a corresponding control strategy to regulate the current in two MR dampers, it can achieve vibration energy storage and release. The harvested energy can help to reduce the high dependency of the semi-active output force on external inputs. The proposed semi-active inerter has excellent potential in the future applications.
Demonstrating more than 2π phase modulation in non-Hermitian asymmetric multilayers
Authors: Simone Giuseppina 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Phase modulation has come to be recognized as a fundamental paradigm for optical device design in applications involving the spatiotemporal control of optical wavefronts. Here, the cavities use a combination of absorptive and lossless layers with ideal conductive metal to control reflection and phase shift, similar to the Fabry–Pérot system, which has zero reflection and perfect transmission. Multilayers with different sequences and composed of several stack layers were examined for reflectivity when activated in a prism-coupled layout. The layer’s different arrangements, resulting in open and closed asymmetric multilayers, display reflectance spectra with distinct features as well as phase and shifts. In the open configuration, there is a strong coupling between the hybridized resonance mode and the exciton from the red dye. As a result, energy-based topological considerations identify a correlation between exciton/polariton strong coupling, topological darkness, and phase tuning, and they motivate the

3
π

phase shift range.
Convergence of digitized-counterdiabatic QAOA: circuit depth versus free parameters
Authors: Vizzuso Mara , Passarelli Gianluca , Cantele Giovanni , Lucignano Procolo 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Recently, digitized-counterdiabatic (CD) quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) has been proposed to make QAOA converge to the solution of an optimization problem in fewer steps, inspired by Trotterized CD driving in continuous-time quantum annealing. In this paper, we critically revisit this approach by focusing on the paradigmatic weighted and unweighted one-dimensional MaxCut problem. We study two variants of QAOA with first and second-order CD corrections. Our results show that, indeed, higher order CD corrections allow for a quicker convergence to the exact solution of the problem at hand by increasing the complexity of the variational cost function. Remarkably, however, the total number of free parameters needed to achieve this result is independent of the particular QAOA variant analyzed for the problems considered.
The electron–phonon scattering and charge transport of the two-dimensional (2D) polar h-BX(X = P, As, Sb) monolayers
Authors: Zhang Xiaomei , Li Huike , Ma Xin , Zhou Xiaohui , Zheng Zhongtian , Shen Chenhai , Xia Congxin , Liu Yufang 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In this paper, the electron–phonon scattering and phonon-limited transport properties of the two-dimensional polar h-BX(X = P, As, Sb) have been studied through first-principles calculations in combination with Boltzmann transport theory. The electron–phonon scattering in these three systems is systematically assessed. Remarkably, intravalley scattering and intervalley scattering are separately investigated, of which the contribution to total scattering is found to be relatively comparable. The carrier mobility is determined over a broad range of carrier concentrations. The results indicate that h-BX (BP, BAs, BSb) simultaneously possess ultrahigh electron mobilities (4097 cm2 V−1 s−1, 4141 cm2 V−1 s−1, 12 215 cm2 V−1 s−1) and hole mobilities (7563 cm2 V−1 s−1, 7606 cm2 V−1 s−1, 22 282 cm2 V−1 s−1) at room temperature as compared to the most known two-dimensional (2D) materials. Additionally, it is discovered that compressive strain can induce a further increase in carrier mobility. The exceptional charge transport properties exhibited by these 2D semiconductors are attributed to the small effective masses in combination with the significant suppression of scattering due to high optical longitudinal optical- and transverse optical-phonon frequencies. This is the first time that we have provided a systematic interpretation of the reason for the exceptional charge transport properties exhibited by the 2D h-BX(X = P, As, Sb) semiconductors. Our finding can provide a theoretical perspective regarding the search for 2D materials with the high carrier mobility.
Exact moments and re-entrant transitions in the inertial dynamics of active Brownian particles
Authors: Patel Manish , Chaudhuri Debasish 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In this study, we investigate the behavior of free inertial active Brownian particles in the presence of thermal noise. While finding a closed-form solution for the joint distribution of positions, orientations, and velocities using the Fokker–Planck equation is generally challenging, we utilize a Laplace transform method to obtain the exact temporal evolution of all dynamical moments in arbitrary dimensions. Our expressions in d dimensions reveal that inertia significantly impacts steady-state kinetic temperature and swim pressure while leaving the late-time diffusivity unchanged. Notably, as a function of activity and inertia, the steady-state velocity distribution exhibits a remarkable re-entrant crossover from ‘passive’ Gaussian to ‘active’ non-Gaussian behaviors. We construct a corresponding ‘phase diagram’ using the exact expression of the d-dimensional kurtosis. Our analytic expressions describe steady states and offer insights into time-dependent crossovers observed in moments of velocity and displacement. Our calculations can be extended to predict up to second-order moments for run-and-tumble particles and the active Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process (AOUP). Additionally, the kurtosis shows differences from AOUP.
Characterizing the spontaneous collapse of a wavefunction through entropy production
Authors: Artini Simone , Paternostro Mauro 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
We investigate the phenomenology leading to the non-conservation of energy of the continuous spontaneous localization (CSL) model from the viewpoint of non-equilibrium thermodynamics, and use such framework to assess the equilibration process entailed by the dissipative formulation of the model (dCSL). As a paradigmatic situation currently addressed in frontier experiments aimed at investigating possible collapse theories, we consider a one-dimensional mechanical oscillator in a thermal state. We perform our analysis in the phase space of the oscillator, where the entropy production rate, a non-equilibrium quantity used to characterize irreversibility, can be conveniently analyzed. We show that the CSL model violates Clausius law, as it exhibits a negative entropy production rate, while the dCSL model reaches equilibrium consistently only under certain dynamical conditions, thus allowing us to identify the values—in the parameter space—where the latter mechanism can be faithfully used to describe a thermodynamically consistent phenomenon.
Multiscale numerical study of the ELM-induced sputtering on the tungsten castellated divertor gap
Authors: Niu Guo-jian , Kawamura Gakushi , Dai Shu-yu , Yang Zhong-shi , Ding Fang , Xu Qian , Wang Rong , He Tao , Luo Guang-Nan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Material sputtering and erosion are key issue in fusion science. In the steady state, tungsten sputtering can be maintained at a low level. However, tungsten is seriously sputtered by the hot plasma from edge localized mode (ELM) bursts. The time evolution and spatial distribution of sputtering on the divertor gap are still not clear. This unclearness influences the understanding of ELM-induced sputtering and the explanation of experimental phenomenon. In this study, the evolution of tungsten flux generated by ELM burst is obtained via hybrid multiscale simulation and a double-peak of tungsten flux is found. The first peak is produced by the ELM electrons, which provides great sheath potential, and the second peak is generated by the energetic ions from ELM. The castellated divertor gap (CDG) can influence the tungsten sputtering distribution due to the change of the impacting angle. The sputtering and erosion on CDG are more serious than that on the mono-block top, but the tungsten source from the gap is very insignificant because the gap size is small. The simulation results are compared with EAST experiments and a qualitative consistency is obtained.
Device comparison study to measure nasal nitric oxide in relation to primary ciliary dyskinesia
Authors: Jõgi Nils Oskar , Ersson Karin , Alving Kjell , Krantz Christina , Malinovschi Andrei 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a genetic respiratory disease characterized by chronic cough, recurrent respiratory infections, and rhinosinusitis. The measurement of nasal nitric oxide (nNO) against resistance has been suggested as a sensitive screening method. However, current recommendations argue for the use of expensive, chemiluminescence devices to measure nNO. This study aimed to compare nNO measurement using three different devices in distinguishing PCD patients from healthy controls and cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and to evaluate their diagnostic precision. The study included 16 controls, 16 PCD patients, and 12 CF patients matched for age and sex. nNO measurements were performed using a chemiluminescence device (Eco Medics CLD 88sp), and two devices based on electrochemical sensors (Medisoft FeNO+ and NIOX Vero) following standardized guidelines. Correlation estimation, Bland–Altman, ROC curve, and one-way ANOVA were used to assess device differences and diagnostic performance. Significantly lower nNO output values were observed in PCD and CF patients compared to controls during exhalation against resistance. The correlation analysis showed high agreement among the three devices. ROC curve analysis demonstrated 100% sensitivity and specificity at different cut-off values for all devices in distinguishing PCD patients from controls (optimal cut-offs: EcoMedics 73, Medisoft 92 and NIOX 87 (nl min−1 )). Higher nNO output values were obtained with the Medisoft and NIOX devices as compared to the EcoMedics device, with a bias of−19 nl min−1 (95% CI: −73–35) and −21 nl min−1 (−73–31) accordingly. These findings indicate that all three tested devices can potentially serve as diagnostic tools for PCD if device specific cut-off values are used. This last-mentioned aspect warrants further studies and consideration in defining optimal cut-offs for individual device.
Direct 4D printing of functionally graded hydrogel networks for biodegradable, untethered, and multimorphic soft robots
Authors: Cho Soo Young , Ho Dong Hae , Jo Sae Byeok , Cho Jeong Ho 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Recent advances in functionally graded additive manufacturing (FGAM) technology have enabled the seamless hybridization of multiple functionalities in a single structure. Soft robotics can become one of the largest beneficiaries of these advances, through the design of a facile four-dimensional (4D) FGAM process that can grant an intelligent stimuli-responsive mechanical functionality to the printed objects. Herein, we present a simple binder jetting approach for the 4D printing of functionally graded porous multi-materials (FGMM) by introducing rationally designed graded multiphase feeder beds. Compositionally graded cross-linking agents gradually form stable porous network structures within aqueous polymer particles, enabling programmable hygroscopic deformation without complex mechanical designs. Furthermore, a systematic bed design incorporating additional functional agents enables a multi-stimuli-responsive and untethered soft robot with stark stimulus selectivity. The biodegradability of the proposed 4D-printed soft robot further ensures the sustainability of our approach, with immediate degradation rates of 96.6% within 72 h. The proposed 4D printing concept for FGMMs can create new opportunities for intelligent and sustainable additive manufacturing in soft robotics.
Cardiogenic shock after 5-fluorouracil administration: a case report and literature review
Authors: Vanoverbeke Lowie , Wouter Holvoet , François D’Heygere , Ivan Elegeert 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Cardiogenic shock is a rare adverse event of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) administration. Because of its rare entity, little is known about epidemiologic and clinical features of 5-FU-induced cardiogenic shock, and recommendations about specific treatment are missing.

Case summary
We present a case of cardiogenic shock and ventricular arrhythmia due to 5-FU-induced toxic cardiomyopathy treated with vasopressor and inotropic drugs in combination with intra-aortic balloon pump. Because of persistent haemodynamic instability, veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) and Impella were implanted as a bridge to recovery. Systolic function recovered completely and the patient was weaned successfully.

Discussion
This case demonstrates toxic cardiomyopathy as a rare and potentially lethal cardiac adverse event of 5-FU administration. This case emphasizes the importance of mechanical support as bridging therapy to recovery of cardiac function.
Safer spaces in youth development programs and health in Canadian youth
Authors: Ramey Heather L , Lawford Heather L , Berardini Yana , Mahdy Sharif S , Khanna Nishad , Ross Madeleine D , von Hugo Tonia K 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Engagement in youth programs is a potential means to promote health and well-being across populations of young people. Safer spaces in these youth programs are likely critical in fostering positive health outcomes, but current research on the links between safer spaces and health is limited. In this exploratory study, we examined links between program safety in youth development programs and minoritized status, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and psychosomatic health complaints. Participants (N = 282; Mean age = 16.97 years; SD = 2.97) self-identified across various minority status groups, including LGBTQ (30%) and a range of perceived income levels. We tested a statistical model in which safer spaces, LGBTQ status and perceived income predicted HRQoL and health complaints in youth development program participants. LGBTQ status and lower perceived income were related to lower HRQoL and more health complaints, and safer space in youth development programs was related to better HRQoL. We also found an interaction effect, such that safer spaces in youth programs appeared to be especially beneficial for HRQoL for youth with higher incomes. Findings reinforce past research on LGBTQ status and income as factors for youth wellness and mental health. Findings also suggest that perceived safer spaces in youth development programs support better HRQoL and lower health complaints, across populations of participating youth.
Setting the scene: a scoping review of gambling research in Ghana
Authors: Badu Emmanuel , Hallett Jonathan , Vujcich Daniel , Crawford Gemma , Bellringer Maria E 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Ghana, like many other African countries, has seen a rapid expansion in gambling industry activity in the last decade with sports betting becoming a popular pastime among young Ghanaian males. The proliferation of land based, and online gambling operations presents a significant public health threat to the citizenry. Yet little is known about gambling participation and harms, the size of the gambling market and the role of the gambling industry in influencing and perpetuating gambling behaviour in Ghana. The aim of this study was to contribute to understanding the extent of gambling research in Ghana by mapping out what the current literature indicates. Six databases were searched for peer-reviewed journal articles that focused on gambling in Ghana. The findings from this review demonstrate gambling research in Ghana is in a nascent state with a predominant focus on individual factors and limited consideration of public health. The implications for future research are highlighted, including the requirement for a nationally representative study to understand the prevalence of gambling participation and harm, and the role of the gambling industry. Public health action grounded in sound evidence is urgently required to address the individual and community level problems associated with this harmful commodity.
A highly diversified NLR cluster in melon contains homologs that confer powdery mildew and aphid resistance
Authors: Boissot Nathalie , Chovelon Veronique , Rittener-Ruff Vincent , Giovinazzo Nathalie , Mistral Pascale , Pitrat Michel , Charpentier Myriam , Troadec Christelle , Bendahmane Abdelhafid , Dogimont Catherine 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Podosphaera xanthii is the main causal agent of powdery mildew (PM) on Cucurbitaceae. In Cucumis melo, the Pm-w resistance gene, which confers resistance to P. xanthii, is located on chromosome 5 in a cluster of nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs). We used positional cloning and transgenesis, to isolate the Pm-wWMR 29 gene encoding a coiled-coil NLR (CC-NLR). Pm-wWMR 29 conferred high level of resistance to race 1 of PM and intermediate level of resistance to race 3 of PM. Pm-wWMR 29 turned out to be a homolog of the Aphis gossypii resistance gene Vat-1PI 161375. We confirmed that Pm-wWMR 29 did not confer resistance to aphids, while Vat-1PI 161375 did not confer resistance to PM. We showed that both homologs were included in a highly diversified cluster of NLRs, the Vat cluster. Specific Vat-1PI 161375 and Pm-wWMR 29 markers were present in 10% to 13% of 678 accessions representative of wild and cultivated melon types worldwide. Phylogenic reconstruction of 34 protein homologs of Vat-1PI 161375 and Pm-wWMR 29 identified in 24 melon accessions revealed an ancestor with four R65aa—a specific motif in the LRR domain, evolved towards aphid and virus resistance, while an ancestor with five R65aa evolved towards PM resistance. The complexity of the cluster comprising the Vat/Pm-w genes and its diversity in melon suggest that Vat homologs may contribute to the recognition of a broad range of yet to be identified pests and pathogens.
A telomere-to-telomere reference genome of ficus (Ficus hispida) provides new insights into sex determination
Authors: Liao Zhenyang , Zhang Tianwen , Lei Wenlong , Wang Yibin , Yu Jiaxin , Wang Yinghao , Chai Kun , Wang Gang , Zhang Huahao , Zhang Xingtan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractA high-quality reference genome is indispensable for resolving biologically essential traits. Ficus hispida is a dioecious plant. A complete Ficus reference genome will be crucial for understanding their sex evolution and important biological characteristics, such as aerial roots, mutualistic symbiosis with ficus-wasps, and fruiting from old stems. Here, we generated a telomere-to-telomere (T2T) genome for F. hispida using PacBio HiFi and Oxford Nanopore Ultra-long sequencing technologies. The genome contiguity and completeness has shown improvement compared with the previously released genome, with the annotation of six centromeres and 28 telomeres. We have refined our previously reported 2-Mb male-specific region into a 7.2-Mb genomic region containing 51 newly predicted genes and candidate sex-determination genes AG2 and AG3. Many of these genes showed extremely low expression, likely attributed to hypermethylation in the gene body and promoter regions. Gene regulatory networks (GRNs) revealed that AG2 and AG3 are related to the regulation of stamen development in male flowers, while the AG1 gene is responsible for regulating female flowers’ defense responses and secondary metabolite processes. Comparative analysis of GRNs showed that the NAC, WRKY, and MYB transcription factor families dominate the female GRN, whereas the MADS and MYB transcription factor families are prevalent in the male GRN.