bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pars plana vitrectomy with or without internal limiting membrane peel for macular hole: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mihalache Andrew , Huang Ryan S. , Patil Nikhil S. , Ahmed Haleema , Popovic Marko M. , Kertes Peter J. , Muni Rajeev H. 
Published: January 2024

Purpose:
To compare the efficacy and safety of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with and without internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling for macular hole (MH).

Methods:
We performed a systematic literature search on Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar from January 2000-2023. Our primary outcome was the final best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA). Secondary outcomes included MH closure rates and the need for repeat surgery. We performed a random effects meta-analysis on Review Manager 5.4.

Results:
14 studies on 880 eyes were included. PPV with and without ILM peel achieved a similar final BCVA (p=0.66). However, PPV without ILM peeling achieved a significantly better final BCVA in eyes with closed MHs (WMD=0.05 logMAR, 95%CI=[0.01, 0.10], p=0.02). PPV with ILM peeling achieved a significantly higher primary MH closure rate (RR=1.21, 95%CI=[1.04, 1.42], p=0.02) and lower incidence of MH reoperation (RR=0.19, 95%CI=[0.11, 0.33], p<0.001). The final MH closure rate (p=0.12) and incidence of MH recurrence (p=0.25) were similar between groups.

Conclusion:
PPV with and without ILM peel achieved a similar final BCVA. However, PPV without ILM peeling achieved a better final BCVA in eyes with closed MHs. ILM peeling achieved a greater primary MH closure rate and reduced need for reoperation.
Dexamethasone implant versus topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors in patients with bilateral retinitis pigmentosa-related cystoid macular edema – a prospective, paired-eye pilot study
Authors: Colombo Leonardo , Montesano Giovanni , Di Domenico Alice , Colizzi Benedetta , Rissotto Roberta , Maltese Paolo , Bertelli Matteo , Autelitano Alessandro , Rossetti Luca 
Published: January 2024

Purpose:
To compare within-subject efficacy and safety of intravitreal dexamethasone implant (IVDI) and topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAI) in the treatment of retinitis pigmentosa (RP)-related cystoid macular edema (CME).

Methods:
Patients with bilateral RP-related CME were treated with IVDI in one eye and topical CAIs in the contralateral eye. The primary endpoint was a change in central macular thickness (CMT). Secondary endpoints were changes in BCVA and microperimetric central retinal sensitivity. IOP and other ocular complications were evaluated for safety assessment.

Results:
Nine patients were recruited for this 12-month follow-up study. CMT was significantly lower in IVDI- than in topical CAI-treated eyes at Months 1 and 7, while mean BCVA was better in eyes treated with topical CAIs at Month 12 (borderline significant p=0.0510). There was no difference in microperimetric sensitivity between the two treatments. Three patients developed ocular hypertension after IVDI. IVDI showed an effect on the contralateral eye in 5/9 patients.

Conclusion:
IVDI was more effective than topical CAIs in reducing RP-related CME one month after treatment. Corticosteroids can play a key role in the management of RP-related CME, however their routes, timing and modes of administration should be further explored.
POTASSIUM IODATE RETINOTOXICITY AFTER AN OVERDOSE OF ANTIRADIATION PILLS: A CASE OF APOCALYPTIC RETINOPATHY
Authors: Bernstein Paul S. 
Published: January 2024

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to report a case of severe retinal toxicity after an attempted suicidal overdose of antiradiation pills containing a well-known retinal pigment epithelial toxin, potassium iodate.

Methods:
Clinical examination and multimodal imaging are provided from a clinic visit 11 years after the suicide attempt.

Results:
A 42-year-old patient had widespread retinal atrophy in both eyes with near-complete absence of the retinal pigment epithelium and severe retinal thinning. A few remaining areas of preserved photoreceptors provided her with 20/60 and 20/200 vision in her right and left eyes, respectively, with very constricted visual fields.

Conclusion:
Despite being first described over 100 years ago, few cases of iodate retinotoxicity have been reported in the published literature, and most are related to accidental or intentional ingestion of iodate salts used to iodize table salt. This unique case of iodate retinotoxicity secondary to antiradiation tablets highlights the risks of unregulated sale of these agents marketed in the United States as essential components of nuclear apocalypse “go bags” because they have a poor margin of safety and no specific warnings of the risk of permanent blindness with overdosage.
OCCLUSIVE RETINAL VASCULITIS AS A PRESENTING FEATURE OF PRIMARY VITREORETINAL LYMPHOMA RELAPSE
Authors: Ketkar Manasi , Sahoo Niroj , Raval Vishal 
Published: January 2024

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to report a case of primary vitreoretinal lymphoma (PVRL) relapse presenting as occlusive retinal vasculitis with secondary neovascularization.

Methods:
This study was a retrospective case report.

Results:
A 40-year-old woman presented to the clinic with complaints of blurring of vision in the left eye for 4 months. Her best-corrected VA (BCVA) was 20/20 and 20/500 in the right and left eye, respectively. The vitreous cavities of both eyes showed vitreous opacities (2+). Both eyes fundus showed multifocal yellowish-white subretinal infiltration. A diagnostic vitreous and subretinal biopsy of the left eye revealed large lymphoid cells with CD-20 positivity, confirming the diagnosis of PVRL. The patient received 12 intravitreal methotrexate injections in both eyes over a course of 2 months, after which the lesions completely resolved. However, after 5 months, the left eye showed characteristic subretinal lesions along with perivascular exudates and retinal hemorrhages, diagnosed as PVRL relapse presenting as occlusive retinal vasculitis. Fluorescein angiography revealed retinal neovascularization, for which panretinal photocoagulation was performed along with repeated intravitreal methotrexate injections.

Conclusion:
Primary vitreoretinal lymphoma is a great masquerader, and although rare, PVRL relapse can present as occlusive retinal vasculitis with secondary neovascularization, thereby delaying diagnosis and subsequent treatment.
The Development and Implementation of a Forensic Education Module for Nebraska Critical Access Providers
Authors: Magdaleno Catherine , Cera Jennifer , Struwe Leeza , Blanchard Emily 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

Background
Sexual assault, intimate partner violence, and human trafficking are traumatic events for individuals and communities. As healthcare shortages increase, critical access hospitals must manage resources to ensure comprehensive forensic care effectively. Current literature indicates a lack of forensic healthcare education for providers within critical access hospitals. This forensic education module for critical access healthcare providers aimed to (a) increase forensic examination competencies, (b) improve forensic interviewing skills, (c) increase provider self-efficacy, and (d) show knowledge retention.

Methods
This mixed-methods pilot study utilized a convenience sample of 45 healthcare providers in Nebraska critical access hospitals who presented for the forensic education module training. Repeated measures analysis of variance and paired t tests assessed the aims of this study. Structured surveys gathered qualitative data on three themes.

Results
Implementation of the forensic education module showed a statistically significant increase in forensic interviewing skills, nonstatistically significant changes in general self-efficacy, and sustainability of knowledge and self-efficacy over 6 weeks. Analysis also showed a clinically significant increase in provider self-efficacy over 6 weeks. Structured questionnaire responses showed participants valued the content to address their perceived barriers to providing care.

Conclusions
This study validates the need for increased education in Nebraska's rural and medically underserved areas to ensure access to forensic care and provision of services. This pilot study shows the potential for forensic education interventions to increase provider competencies and improve provider self-efficacy, with evidence of retention of knowledge and skills.
Association between bone mineral density and coronary plaque burden in patients with coronary artery disease: a cross-sectional study using quantitative computed tomography
Authors: Geng Guang , Li Zhen , Wang Shuai , Yuan Tao , Quan Guanmin 
Published: January 2024

Purpose
To evaluate the association between osteoporosis and coronary calcification and coronary plaque burden in patients with atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease (CAD).

Methods
This study included 290 men and 177 postmenopausal women with angiography-confirmed atherosclerosis or CAD who underwent chest multidetector row computed tomography covering L1-L2 between September 2020 and October 2021. Quantitative computed tomography was used to measure the lumbar vertebra’s bone mineral density (BMD). The coronary artery calcium score (CACS) and total coronary plaque burden were quantified using the Agatston and modified Gensini scores, respectively. Associations between BMD and CACS and modified Gensini scores were assessed using multivariate regression analysis. Lasso regression was used in model selection.

Results
In men, BMD was inversely associated with CACS [β = −0.24; 95% confidence interval (CI), −0.35 to −0.13; P < 0.001) and coronary artery calcification (CAC) presence [odds ratio (OR) = 0.71; 95% CI, 0.52–0.96; P = 0.03) in the unadjusted model. After adjusting for age, modified Gensini score, prior percutaneous coronary intervention and hypertension, BMD was inversely associated with CACS (β = −0.11; 95% CI, −0.22 to −0.01; P = 0.04). In postmenopausal women, BMD was inversely associated with CACS (β = −0.24; 95% CI, −0.39 to 0.10; P < 0.001) and CAC presence (OR = 0.66; 95% CI, 0.47–0.92; P = 0.01) in the unadjusted model but no other models (P > 0.05). In both sexes, BMD did not correlate with the modified Gensini score or CAD prevalence (all P > 0.05).

Conclusion
In patients with coronary atherosclerosis and CAD, BMD of the lumbar vertebra correlated inversely with CACS in men but not postmenopausal women. Additionally, BMD did not correlate with the modified Gensini score in both sexes.
Mechanisms of alcohol influence on fear conditioning: a computational model
Authors: Lonnberg Adam , Logrip Marian L. , Kuznetsov Alexey 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA connection between stress-related illnesses and alcohol use disorders is extensively documented. Fear conditioning is a standard procedure used to study stress learning and links it to the activation of amygdala circuitry. However, the connection between the changes in amygdala circuit and function induced by alcohol and fear conditioning is not well established. We introduce a computational model to test the mechanistic relationship between amygdala functional and circuit adaptations during fear conditioning and the impact of acute vs. repeated alcohol exposure. In accordance with experiments, both acute and prior repeated alcohol decreases speed and robustness of fear extinction in our simulations. The model predicts that, first, the delay in fear extinction in alcohol is mostly induced by greater activation of the basolateral amygdala (BLA) after fear acquisition due to alcohol-induced modulation of synaptic weights. Second, both acute and prior repeated alcohol shifts the amygdala network away from the robust extinction regime by inhibiting the activity in the central amygdala (CeA). Third, our model predicts that fear memories formed in acute or after chronic alcohol are more connected to the context. Thus, the model suggests how circuit changes induced by alcohol may affect fear behaviors and provides a framework for investigating the involvement of multiple neuromodulators in this neuroadaptive process.
Persisting quantum effects in the anisotropic Rabi model at thermal equilibrium
Authors: Xu He-Guang , Montenegro V. , Xianlong Gao , Jin Jiasen , Neto G. D. de Moraes 
Published: January 2024

Quantum correlations and nonclassical states are at the heart of emerging quantum technologies. Efforts to produce long-lived states of such quantum resources are a subject of tireless pursuit. Among several platforms useful for quantum technology, the mature quantum system of light-matter interactions offers unprecedented advantages due to current on-chip nanofabrication, efficient quantum control of its constituents, and its wide range of operational regimes. Recently, a continuous transition between the Jaynes-Cummings model and the Rabi model has been proposed by exploiting anisotropies in their light-matter interactions, known as the anisotropic quantum Rabi model. In this paper, we study the long-lived quantum correlations and nonclassical states generated in the anisotropic Rabi model and how these indeed persist even at thermal equilibrium. To achieve this, we thoroughly analyze several quantumness quantifiers, where the long-lived quantum state is obtained from a dressed master equation that is valid for all coupling regimes and with the steady state ensured to be the canonical Gibbs state. Furthermore, we demonstrate a stark distinction between virtual excitations produced beyond the strong coupling regime and the quantumness quantifiers once the light-matter interaction has been switched off. This raises the key question about the nature of the equilibrium quantum features generated in the anisotropic quantum Rabi model and paves the way for future experimental investigations, without the need for challenging ground-state cooling.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Asistensi: raising capital for innovation in health insurance, migrants and remittances
Authors: Rodriguez-Orosz Aramis , Fernandez Federico 
Published: January 2024

Learning outcomes
After completion of this case study, students will be able to describe the funding path for start-ups, including the amounts and profiles of the usual investors or sources of funds, according to the moment in their life cycle and the characteristics of the initiative; highlight the challenges faced by start-up founders in weak entrepreneurial ecosystems and risky institutional environments; and argue in favor of or against different modes and typical instruments of venture capital (VC) investments in the early stages of new businesses, each of them different regarding dilutions, valuation potential, depth of negotiations and term sheets.

Case overview/synopsis
Asistensi, a technology and telemedicine start-up founded in 2020 in Venezuela by three entrepreneurs (Andrés Simón González-Silén, Luis Enrique Velásquez and Armando Baquero), raised US$3m in less than a year in a seed round in which it attracted the attention of professional VC funds such as Mountain Nazca, Alma Mundi Ventures and 468 Capital. Everything was set for launching operations in Mexico and the Dominican Republic in April 2021. However, a series of difficulties led to higher expenditure than planned, prompting the entrepreneurs to seek additional capital. The decision on the financial instrument to be associated with the potential valuation and shareholder dilution figures has been posed as a dilemma.

Complexity academic level
The case study focuses on understanding the start-up financing process. It can be used effectively in management- and finance-related subjects for graduate students taking introductory topics in entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial finance, as well as introductory executive education courses in entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial finance and VC.

Supplementary materials
Teaching notes are available for educators only.

Subject code
CSS3: Entrepreneurship
Job stress and burnout among prison staff: a systematic literature review
Authors: Costa Vítor , Monteiro Samuel , Cunha Ana Isabel , Pereira Henrique , Esgalhado Graça 
Published: January 2024

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to systematically review the recent empirical literature on job stress and burnout among prison staff with a focus on predictors, outcomes of stress and burnout and the mediating role that stress and burnout can play between its predictors and outcomes.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors followed systematic literature review (SLR) protocols for the social sciences, and searches were done on two large research databases: SCOPUS and Web of Science. Articles included in the study were from January 2015 to March 2020. After the screening and eligibility processes, 48 articles met the inclusion/exclusion criteria, and 33 articles were included in the full-text qualitative analysis.

Findings
Characteristics of the samples, main authors and journals and measures used to assess stress and burnout are presented, showing that most research was done in the USA, with cross-sectional studies using similar measures of stress and burnout. Results from the qualitative analysis were organised around the main research questions. Most studies explored the antecedents of stress and burnout in the context of the job demands – resources model. Common predictors that consistently increase stress and burnout among different samples include perceived dangerousness of the job and work–family conflict. Participation in decision-making and social support consistently decrease job stress.

Originality/value
This paper presents a SLR on stress and burnout among prison officers in a pre-COVID-19 pandemic era, providing an important picture of the published scientific research on the topic as well as implications for theory and practice.
Discovery and validation of genes driving drug‐intake and related behavioral traits in mice
Authors: Roy Tyler A. , Bubier Jason A. , Dickson Price E. , Wilcox Troy D. , Ndukum Juliet , Clark James W. , Sukoff Rizzo Stacey J. , Crabbe John C. , Denegre James M. , Svenson Karen L. , Braun Robert E. , Kumar Vivek , Murray Stephen A. , White Jacqueline K. , Philip Vivek M. , Chesler Elissa J. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSubstance use disorders are heritable disorders characterized by compulsive drug use, the biological mechanisms for which remain largely unknown. Genetic correlations reveal that predisposing drug‐naïve phenotypes, including anxiety, depression, novelty preference and sensation seeking, are predictive of drug‐use phenotypes, thereby implicating shared genetic mechanisms. High‐throughput behavioral screening in knockout (KO) mice allows efficient discovery of the function of genes. We used this strategy in two rounds of candidate prioritization in which we identified 33 drug‐use candidate genes based upon predisposing drug‐naïve phenotypes and ultimately validated the perturbation of 22 genes as causal drivers of substance intake. We selected 19/221 KO strains (8.5%) that had a difference from control on at least one drug‐naïve predictive behavioral phenotype and determined that 15/19 (~80%) affected the consumption or preference for alcohol, methamphetamine or both. No mutant exhibited a difference in nicotine consumption or preference which was possibly confounded with saccharin. In the second round of prioritization, we employed a multivariate approach to identify outliers and performed validation using methamphetamine two‐bottle choice and ethanol drinking‐in‐the‐dark protocols. We identified 15/401 KO strains (3.7%, which included one gene from the first cohort) that differed most from controls for the predisposing phenotypes. 8 of 15 gene deletions (53%) affected intake or preference for alcohol, methamphetamine or both. Using multivariate and bioinformatic analyses, we observed multiple relations between predisposing behaviors and drug intake, revealing many distinct biobehavioral processes underlying these relationships. The set of mouse models identified in this study can be used to characterize these addiction‐related processes further.
Measuring quality of life of adults with intellectual disabilities: Psychometric evaluation of the personal outcomes scale in the United Kingdom
Authors: Buxton Helen , Gomes Manuel , Gafoor Rafael , Taylor Zac , Totsika Vaso 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe Personal Outcomes Scale (POS) is a scale developed to measure quality of life of adults (18+) with intellectual disability. Previous studies have reported good fit for Spanish and Portuguese language versions of POS.AimsThis study aimed to evaluate the factor structure of the English language version of POS when used to measure the quality of life of adults (18+) with intellectual disability in the UK.Materials and MethodsAnalysis was conducted on POS data from 310 adults with an intellectual disability. First and second order factor models and multi‐level models were used to assess fit.ResultsThere was poor fit to the data for all tested models. We estimated that 23% of variance in POS scores was accounted for by interviewer cluster.DiscussionThis was the first UK‐based evaluation of POS and our data did not confirm the factor structure of the POS measure. The identification of systematic variability within the dataset indicates that inter‐rater reliability is a potential limitation of the POS tool.ConclusionFurther research is needed to investigate inter‐rater reliability of POS interviewers and to explore factor structure.
The Initial Residential Patterns of Immigrants across the Urban Hierarchy in Sweden: The Role of Educational Attainment
Authors: Khaef Samaneh , Haandrikman Karen 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis study employs the aspirations‐capabilities framework to explore the intricate interplay between choices and constraints shaping migrants' settlement patterns, with a particular emphasis on the often‐overlooked aspect of educational attainment. Using Swedish register data containing information about migrants' educational level, this paper examines and typifies the initial residential sorting patterns of migrants arriving in Sweden in the period 2000–2014. Employing multinomial logistic regression to understand how migrant sorting takes place, the results show a clear distinction in settlement patterns, with higher educated migrants being more likely to settle in metropolitan areas, and lower educated migrants ending up in rural areas, even when controlling for region of origin and purpose of migration. Nordic and African migrants, resettled refugees, older migrants, and migrant families with younger children are most likely to live in sparsely populated areas. The paper concludes that these trends exacerbate existing patterns of spatial polarization.
Steel Castings
Authors: Hall John H. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This paper deals briefly with the physical properties of steel castings and their improvement through annealing and heat treatment, cost of castings, and the classes of work for which steel castings should be specified. Castings are now made, it is stated, with physical properties nearly twice as good as those of the ordinary commercial product, and where the service demands unusual strength, toughness and resistance to wear and fatigue, their use is urged even though they machine somewhat less freely.
Gray-Iron Castings
Authors: Moldenke Richard 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
After an introductory discussion of the carbon situation in cast iron, the author deals briefly with its chemical composition, giving in this connection a table of recommended compositions for many varied purposes. He then indicates the extent to which specialization has taken place in iron founding and enumerates the various classes of foundries and the lines of work to which they are best adapted. Dealing with recent tendencies in gray-iron foundry practice, he calls attention to the very high sulphur content now met with in castings — a result of the use of abnormal proportions of scrap during the war because of the high price of pig iron — and gives brief particulars of an economical duplexing process by means of which the sulphur in molten cupala metal may be brought down in an electric furnace from, say, 0.12 per cent to 0.05 per cent and even lower.