bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quasi-linear parabolic equations with degenerate coercivity having a quadratic gradient term
Authors: Dall'Aglio A. , Giachetti D. , Leone C. , Segura de León S. 
Published: July 2005

We study existence and regularity of distributional solutions for possibly degenerate quasi-linear parabolic problems having a first order term which grows quadratically in the gradient. The model problem we refer to is the following

\begin{cases}
u_{t}−\mathrm{div}(\alpha (u)\mathrm{∇}u) = \beta (u)|\mathrm{∇}u|^{2} + f(x,t), & \text{in }\Omega \times ]0,T[; \\
u(x,t) = 0, & \text{on }\partial \Omega \times ]0,T[; \\
u(x,0) = u_{0}(x), & \text{in }\Omega.
\end{cases}

Here

Ω

is a bounded open set in

\mathbb{R}^{N}

,

T > 0

. The unknown function

u = u(x,t)

depends on

x \in \Omega

and

t \in ]0,T[

. The symbol

∇u

denotes the gradient of

u

with respect to

x

. The real functions

α

,

β

are continuous; moreover

α

is positive, bounded and may vanish at

±∞

. As far as the data are concerned, we require the following assumptions:

\int \limits_{\Omega }\Phi \left(u_{0}(x)\right)\:\mathrm{d}x < \infty

where

Φ

is a convenient function which is superlinear at

±∞

and

f(x,t) \in L^{r}\left(0,T;L^{q}(\Omega )\right)\:\text{with }\frac{1}{r} + \frac{N}{2q}⩽1.

We give sufficient conditions on

α

and

β

in order to have distributional solutions. We point out that the assumptions on the data do not guarantee in general the boundedness of the solutions; this means that the coercivity of the principal part of the operator can really degenerate. Moreover, a boundedness result is proved when the assumptions on the data are strengthened.

Résumé
Nous étudions l'existence et la régularité des solutions au sens des distributions de problèmes paraboliques quasi-linéaires qui présentent un terme du premier ordre à croissance quadratique par rapport au gradient et dont la partie principale peut dégénérer.

Le problème modèle auquel nous nous référons est (1) ci-dessous, où les fonctions

α

et

β

sont à valeurs réelles et continues ; de plus

α

est positive et bornée mais peut s'annuler à

±∞

. En ce qui concerne les données

u_{0}(x)

et

f(x,t)

, nous supposons que

\int _{\Omega }\Phi (u_{0}(x))\:\mathrm{d}x < \infty

, où la fonction

Φ

est superlinéaire à ±∞, et que

f(x,t) \in L^{r}(0,T;L^{q}(\Omega ))

avec

\frac{1}{r} + \frac{N}{2q}⩽1

.

Nous donnons des conditions suffisantes sur

α

et

β

qui assurent l'existence de solutions au sens des distributions. Ces conditions sur les données n'impliquent pas en général que les solutions soient bornées, donc la coercivité de la partie principale de l'opérateur peut vraiment dégénérer. Mais quand nous imposons des conditions plus fortes sur les données, nous démontrons que les solutions sont bornées.
FMS*Calciumfluor specifically increases mRNA levels and induces signaling via MAPK 42,44 and not FAK in differentiating rat osteoblasts
Authors: Manduca P. , Marchisio S. , Astigiano S. , Zanotti S. , Galmozzi F. , Palermo C. , Palmieri D. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe homeopathic compound of resonance FMS*Calciumfluor (FMS*) reportedly promotes osteogenic differentiation of rat pre‐osteoblasts in vitro. Here, we show that the continuous exposure of differentiating rat osteogenic cells (ROB) to FMS* modulates the level of expression of mRNAs for 7 of the 8 osteogenic markers tested. Alkaline phosphatase (AP), osteocalcin (OC), metalloproteinases (MMP‐2 and −14), procollagenase C (BMP‐1), biglycan (BG) and integrin 1 are expressed at higher levels in FMS*‐treated osteoblasts than in control cultures. MMP‐2 and −14 mRNA are not down‐modulated at mineralization. Also, the pattern of expression induced by FMS* for some of these genes (BMP‐1, BG and integrin 1) is changed, but collagen type I (Coll I) mRNA levels are not affected by treatment with FMS*. This suggests that FMS* modulates mRNA levels and that this is not generalized, but gene(s) specific. We also report that exposure to FMS* rapidly and transiently induces activation of mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs) 42,44 in populations of early osteoblasts, but not in pre‐osteoblasts, with a cell differentiation stage‐dependent and pertussis toxin (PTX)‐sensitive response. Subsequent to FMS* MAPK signaling activation, an increase in AP and MMP‐14 mRNA is detected, which is also inhibited by PTX, suggesting that FMS* activation of MAPK signaling could be an early event required for the induction of these genes. Exposure to FMS* does not cause changes in the activity of p125 (FAK)‐mediated signaling.
A New Minimal Approach in Cochlear Implant Surgery: The Colombian Experience
Authors: Almario Jorge E. , Lora Jose G. , Prieto Jose A. 
Published: July 2005

OBJECTIVES:To implement a minimal invasive approach in cochlear implant surgery for children and adults. In order to decrease surgical complications and morbidity with the surgery.SUBJECTS AND METHODS:During a 1‐year period, 12 consecutive patients (5 female and 7 male; age range, 1.5 to 78 years; mean age, 14.5 years), who had cochlear implantation (1 Nucleus and 11 Clarion) through a new surgical approach, were prospectively evaluated.RESULTS:The surgical approach was accomplished in all the patients with no major complications. The mean surgical time was 3.2 hours and the mean time between surgery and process of programming was 2.7 weeks.CONCLUSION:The surgical trauma and postoperatory edema was decreased and allowed programming of the implant in a shorter period of time.
Advanced Soft Palate Cancer: The Clinical Importance of the Parapharyngeal Space
Authors: Douglas Wade G. , Rigual Nestor R. , Giese William , Bauer Joseph , Wiseman Sam M. , Loree Thom R. , Schwarz James , Alrawi Sadir , Hicks Wesley L. 
Published: July 2005

OBJECTIVE:To identify the incidence of parapharyngeal space (PPS) recurrences and how they impact survival in advanced‐stage soft‐palate carcinoma patients.STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:One hundred thirty‐seven patients' charts were reviewed from 1971 to 1996. Inclusion criteria were patients who received a per‐oral resection, discontinuous neck dissection, and postoperative adjuvant radiation therapy; 15 patients met criteria for inclusion. The incidence of PPS recurrences, regional failure, and survival were endpoints that were analyzed.RESULTS:There were no local failures in our study. Regional failures excluding the PPS (levels I‐V) were 27%, and 40% occurred within the PPS. Cervical adenopathy was associated with 83% of the PPS recurrences. Median survival for PPS recurrences was 26 months, compared with 67 months for levels I‐V recurrences (n = ns).CONCLUSIONS:The incidence of PPS recurrences is substantial in advanced‐stage soft‐palate cancer. PPS recurrences negatively impact survival; without effective salvage techniques for these recurrences or effective adjuvant therapy, poor patient outcomes can be expected.
Sensorineural Hearing Loss, Early Greying, and Essential Tremor: A New Hereditary Syndrome?
Authors: Karmody Collin S. , Blevins Nikolas H. , Lalwani Anil K. 
Published: July 2005

OBJECTIVE:To present a syndrome composed of sensorineural hearing loss, early greying of scalp hair, and adult‐onset essential tremor.STUDY DESIGN:Retrospective chart review.SETTING:Tertiary care academic hospital.RESULTS:Three individuals were seen with this triad, each with family members with similar features. Our patients are a 65‐year‐old man and two women in their 40s. Two noted hearing loss in adulthood, one as a child. All had complete greying in their 20s. The women developed essential tremor in their 20s, and the man in his 50s. All individuals have blue eyes without heterochromia. Additional evaluation failed to further categorize these patients. Each has two or more immediate family members with a combination of these findings. Molecular genetic testing suggests this is not a variant of Waardenburg syndrome.CONCLUSION:We believe this represents a previously unreported hereditary syndrome.SIGNIFICANCE:This new syndrome should be considered in the context of other syndromes involving audition, pigmentation, and movement.
Skull Base Osteomyelitis: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges in Atypical Presentation
Authors: Singh Amar , Khabori Mazin Al 
Published: July 2005

OBJECTIVE:We sought to document the diagnostic and management difficulties in masked skull base osteomyelitis secondary to malignant otitis externa, with emphasis on establishing diagnostic criteria in recurrence.STUDY DESIGN:Retrospective analysis of 3 cases of inadequately treated malignant otitis externa in elderly diabetic individuals leading to recurrence and atypical manifestations of skull base osteomyelitis on contralateral side with or without multiple cranial nerve involvement.RESULTS:Two of the 3 cases died of the disease despite aggressive treatment. One case was treated successfully with combination of antipsuedamonal microbial drugs for 8 to 12 weeks and hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Major complications such as thrombosis of lateral sinus and internal jugular vein, meningitis, ophthalmoplegia, blindness, cervical spine erosion and paralysis of all cranial nerves with exception of Ist cranial nerve were observed.CONCLUSION:There is high morbitity and mortality associated with skull base osteomyelitis. In partially treated cases of malignant otitis externa, atypical symptoms and findings of unilateral severe otalgia, unremitting headache, and presence of high ESR, unilateral OME, constitute diagnostic clues of skull base osteomyelitis. Such cases require further investigation with CT, MRI, Technetium 99 and gallium 67 scintigraphy and aggressive management.
The Effect of Injection Immunotherapy on Mucociliary Clearance in Allergic Patients
Authors: Cmejrek Ryan C. , Gutman Michael T. , Torres Augusto J. , Keen Kevin J. , Houser Steven M. 
Published: July 2005

OBJECTIVE:To assess the effect of injection immunotherapy on mucociliary clearance in allergic patients with the use of the saccharin test.METHODS:In this prospective cohort study, mucociliary clearance in 42 allergic patients treated with injection immunotherapy was determined with the saccharin test. Of these patients, 23 were retested 1 year later to assess changes in mucociliary clearance times. Mean results for historical controls were determined in a review and meta‐analysis of the existing literature.RESULTS:Saccharin clearance times (SCTs) were initially prolonged in allergic patients who received injection immunotherapy when compared to historical controls (one‐sided P value < 0.05). However, after 1 year of immunotherapy, there was a significant reduction in SCTs in our patient population. This finding was independent of other evaluated patient characteristics, with the exception of nasal steroid use, which was also significantly associated with a decrease in SCT.CONCLUSIONS:After 1 year of injection immunotherapy, there was a significant reduction in mean SCT in our patient population. Of the other factors studied, only nasal steroid was associated with decreased mucociliary clearance times. To our knowledge, this is the first report in the literature documenting the beneficial effect of injection immunotherapy on mucociliary clearance as measured by saccharin clearance times. Nevertheless, further research is warranted, given the confounding effect of nasal steroid use.
Basal processes beneath an Arctic glacier and their geomorphic imprint after a surge, Elisebreen, Svalbard
Authors: Christoffersen Poul , Piotrowski Jan A. , Larsen Nicolaj K. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe foreground of Elisebreen, a retreating valley glacier in West Svalbard, exhibits a well-preserved assemblage of subglacial landforms including ice-flow parallel ridges (flutings), ice-flow oblique ridges (crevasse-fill features), and meandering ridges (infill of basal meltwater conduits). Other landforms are thrust-block moraine, hummocky terrain, and drumlinoid hills. We argue in agreement with geomorphological models that this landform assemblage was generated by ice-flow instability, possibly a surge, which took place in the past when the ice was thicker and the bed warmer. The surge likely occurred due to elevated pore-water pressure in a thin layer of thawed and water-saturated till that separated glacier ice from a frozen substratum. Termination may have been caused by a combination of water drainage and loss of lubricating sediment. Sedimentological investigations indicate that key landforms may be formed by weak till oozing into basal cavities and crevasses, opening in response to accelerated ice flow, and into water conduits abandoned during rearrangement of the basal water system. Today, Elisebreen may no longer have surge potential due to its diminished size. The ability to identify ice-flow instability from geomorphological criteria is important in deglaciated terrain as well as in regions where ice dynamics are adapting to climate change.
Costs of resource depletion externalities: a study of groundwater overexploitation in Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: REDDY V. RATNA 
Published: July 2005

The main objective of the paper is to estimate the costs of groundwater over exploitation and examine the costs and benefits from groundwater replenishing mechanisms in different ecological contexts. Using the public good and externalities framework, the study shows how groundwater exploitation in Andhra Pradesh, India is resulting in economic losses to individual farmers apart from ecological degradation. It is argued that policies towards strengthening the resource base (replenishment mechanisms) and equitable distribution of the resource (property rights) would be beneficial, economically as well as ecologically.The analysis is in favour of investment in replenishment mechanisms such as irrigation tanks and percolation tanks. The situation of over extraction and the resultant environmental degradation is a consequence of lack of appropriate and adequate policies (policy failure) for managing the subsurface water resources. Hitherto, groundwater policies (subsidized credit, power, etc.) are in the nature of encouraging private initiatives in groundwater development. It is argued that community-based investments in replenishment as well as extraction of groundwater would make better economic as well as ecological sense.
Role of α2A‐adrenoceptors in the effects of MDMA on body temperature in the mouse
Authors: Bexis Sotiria , Docherty James R 
Published: July 2005

3,4‐Methylenedioxymetamphetamine (MDMA) produces complex effects on body temperature, including hypo‐ and hyperthermic components that vary with ambient temperature and strain of rat. We have previously reported that MDMA is an α2‐adrenoceptor agonist, and α2‐adrenoceptor agonists such as clonidine produce hypothermia.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of MDMA on core body temperature measured by radiotelemetry in conscious wild‐type (WT) and α2A‐knockout (α2A‐KO) mice.
Clonidine (0.1 mg kg−1, subcutaneously (s.c.)) produced a hypothermic response in WT mice, but did not significantly affect temperature in α2‐KO mice. MDMA (20 mg kg−1, s.c.) produced a significant hyperthermia in WT mice beginning at approximately 100 min after injection, recovering by 300 min, but produced a biphasic response, hypothermia followed by hyperthermia, in α2‐KO mice.
In WT mice, following the α2A‐adrenoceptor antagonist 2‐((4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐imidazol‐2‐yl)methyl)‐2,3‐dihydro‐1‐methyl‐1H‐isoindole (1 mg kg−1, s.c.), MDMA (20 mg kg−1) produced an initial hypothermia.
Hence, α2‐adrenoceptor agonist actions of MDMA contribute to its effects on body temperature, but in a surprising way. Although selective α2A‐adrenoceptor agonism produces hypothermia, the α2A‐adrenoceptor actions of MDMA alter the body temperature response to MDMA from biphasic (hypothermia followed by hyperthermia) to monophasic hyperthemia.

British Journal of Pharmacology (2005) 146, 1–6. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706320
Dose‐response effects of inulin on the faecal short‐chain fatty acids content and mineral absorption of formula‐fed infants
Authors: Yap K.W. , Mohamed S. , Yazid A.M. , Maznah I. , Meyer D.M. 
Published: July 2005

PurposeThe objective of this study is to examine the dose‐response effect of inulin on mineral absorption and faecal short‐chain fatty acids concentration in formula‐fed infants.Design/methodology/approachThe effects of inulin on faecal short‐chain fatty acids and minerals absorption in 36 healthy, formula‐fed infants given three different doses of inulin (0.75g/d, 1.00g/d, and 1.25g/d) were studied using complete randomized design. Acetic, butyric, propionic and lactic acids were analysed using gas chromatography.FindingsNo significant (p<0.05) difference was observed in the infant faecal short‐chain fatty acids contents during the basal period, the intake period and the washout period. A significant (p<0.05) increase in per cent apparent absorption, per cent apparent retention and net retention of iron were seen in infants supplemented with 1g/day inulin. A significant (p<0.05) increase in per cent apparent retention and net retention of Magnesium was also seen in infants supplemented with 0.75, 1 and 1.25g/day inulin. A significant (p<0.05) increase in per cent apparent absorption and net retention of Zinc was seen in infants supplemented with only 0.75g/day inulin. No significant improvement in calcium, or copper absorption or retention was observed in all the doses of inulin studied.Originality/valueMost previous studies were conducted on adults and adolescents.
Can Japanese mentoring enhance understanding of Western mentoring?
Authors: Iain Bright Mark 
Published: July 2005

PurposeAims to illustrate how Japan possesses cultural characteristics to support mentoring as a relationship, as opposed to the West, whose favoured approach is to view mentoring as a strategy.Design/methodology/approachA comparative analysis of the mentoring literature from two world views; the Japanese mentoring context (primarily the senpai‐kohai relationship) is compared and contrasted with the Western mentoring context.FindingsThe US and European context for mentoring increasingly consists of formalised schemes, targeted at specific groups (such as the talented or socially disadvantaged), and forms a co‐ordinated activity of human resource departments. As Western organisations have changed, mentoring has become defined in strategic terms, and aligned with a variety of popular management theories. In contrast, Japanese views of mentoring are characterised by informality, organic growth of relationships at all organisational levels, and are based on emotional bonds between seniors and juniors.Practical implicationsA very useful source to explain why Western organisations find it difficult to establish mentoring relationships based on emotional bonds. The Japanese show that there is an alternative; one requiring many Western organisations to adapt their organisational cultures and re‐conceptualise their views of mentoring.Originality/valueThis paper brings together the few contributions by authors of the Japanese senpai‐kohai relationship (a form of mentoring exclusive to Japan). It compares a rarely examined context in the mentoring debate (i.e. Eastern views of mentoring) with the larger body of work examining mentoring in the West. Originality resides in the results of the comparative analysis, revealing one context which views mentoring as a relationship, and another which views mentoring as a strategy.
Gender differences in policing: signs of progress?
Authors: Burke Ronald J. , Mikkelsen Aslaug 
Published: July 2005

PurposeThis exploratory study aims to compare job demands, work outcomes, social and coping resources and indicators of psychological and physical health of male and female police officers in Norway.Design/methodology/approachData were collected using anonymously completed questionnaires.FindingsMany demographic differences were present in that male officers were older, worked more hours and overtime hours, were more likely to work continuous shiftwork, worked in smaller forces and were less educated. Few differences were found on job demands but male officers experienced more violence and threat, and female officers more harassment and discrimination. The two groups were generally similar on work satisfactions, social and coping resources and psychological and physical health.Research limitations/implicationsAll data were collected using questionnaires raising the possibility of common method variance. It is also not clear extent to what these findings generalize to police officers in other countries.Practical implicationsWhile few differences were found between male and female police officers, the fact that females reported more harassment and discrimination suggests that police forces need to continue to address these gender issues.Originality/valueWhile other studies of police officers have suggested widespread gender differences, few appeared here.
Interaction in a building owner centred network – case study
Authors: Tuomela Antti , Heimbürger Markku , Nummi Juha , Toivonen Jouko 
Published: July 2005

PurposeA case study at Senate Properties, a Finnish building owner organisation, for theory building was conducted to provide significant insights into strategic planning in partnership networks with a view to developing interaction in a triadic alliance. The purpose of this paper is to describe how a Finnish building owner organisation, Senate Properties, the focal firm of the studied network, manages multi‐level interaction in the alliance network of the case study.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper, the building owner's role is studied by using two network analysis studies. The emergent phase of a “triadic alliance” of service providers, building owners as contract managers, and the end‐users of services is analysed by using two separate qualitative network analysis studies.FindingsThe case study indicates that the networks of building users, owners, facilities management parties and service providers can improve their interaction and cooperation by multilevel interaction building, mutual orientation building in groups and formation of boundary‐spanning roles. We therefore present a model or a framework for interaction building in triadic networks that is derived from a knowledge base that can better explain the requirements of core businesses, key real estate and facilities services attributes and options evaluation to meet dynamic changes.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper suggests that organisations involved in facilities management that enter into an alliance have to communicate and proactively exchange information to strengthen the interaction and cooperation between network members. For success, each network member should share information and each must learn from the others.Originality/valueThe interaction approach of network analysis takes place in a new building owner centred environment. The paper argues on a general level that to understand the complicated roles within the workplace environment, it is necessary to study the interaction needs of different functions.