bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Body composition in infants at two and four months of age according to the type of feeding. Preliminary data
Authors: Muñoz‐Esparza Nelly , Vasquez‐Garibay Edgar M , Larrosa‐Haro Alfredo , Guzmán‐Mercado Elizabeth , Apodaca Sofia , Badillo Nayeli , Mancilla‐Madrid Michelle , Romero‐Velarde Enrique 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionHuman milk is the natural and optimal food to meet the nutritional needs of the infant during the first six months of life. It offers multiple benefits to the mother/child dyad, ensures optimum growth and development for the infant and has short and long‐term protective effects against cardiovascular diseases, overweight, obesity, atopy, cancer, among others. Differences in growth and body composition of the infant have been observed according to the type of feeding, whether exclusive breastfeeding (EBF), partial breastfeeding (PBF) or milk‐based infant formula (MIF). Therefore, the purpose is to show results of the comparison of anthropometric indicators associated with growth and body composition in infants of two and four months of age according to the type of feeding.MethodologyIn a cohort study, with a non‐random sample at the site of concentration, 104 dyads (mother‐Child) who met the inclusion criteria and signed informed consent were admitted to the physiological puerperium wards of the New Civil Hospital of Guadalajara. The infants were submitted to an anthropometric evaluation at two and four months of age (weight, length, cephalic circumference, middle upper arm circumference (MUAC), tricipital and subscapular skinfold. The comparison between groups was performed with ANOVA, Post‐Hoc tests and Student's t test for independent samples or with Mann‐Whitney U test. The Research and Bioethics Committee of the New Civil Hospital of Guadalajara approved the protocol.ResultsOf the total sample at four months (104), 42 infants received exclusive breastfeeding (EBF), 37 partial breastfeeding (PBF) and 25 milk‐based infant formula (MIF). When comparing infants according to the type of feeding, at four months it was observed that those receiving EBF have a higher weight (p=0.021) and BMI (p=0.027) than those receiving PBF. The thickness of the triceps skinfold (p=0.01) and MUAC (p=0.043) were greater in infants who received EBF compared to infants who received PBF. Likewise, subscapular skinfold at two months showed a tendency to be greater (p=0.052) in the EBF group than in PBF; In addition, cephalic circumference was higher in infants with EBF than in infants fed MIF (p=0.044). No differences in length for age were observed between the three groups.ConclusionInfants receiving EBF have higher adiposity according to the arm indicators compared to those receiving partial breastfeeding or milk formula. This finding could be attributed to the composition of human milk, the type of fat and its higher content in this milk secretion. An interesting finding was the greater growth of cephalic circumference in infants EBF that could be related to higher content of neurons and inter‐neural connections.Support or Funding InformationProject supported by the National Council of Science and Technology of Mexico (234158)
Sodium Intake Assessment in a Sample of Australian Pre‐School Children Attending Long Day Care
Authors: O'Halloran Siobhan , Lacy Kathleen E , Grimes Carley A , Campbell Karen J , Nowson Caryl A 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundApproximately half of Australian pre‐school children attend Long Day Care (LDC). Lunch is regularly provided at these centres and children may typically consume 50% of their total daily energy and nutrient requirements whilst in LDC.AimsTo determine the sodium content of lunches provided and sodium intake in a sample of Australian pre‐school children attending LDC.MethodsA convenience sample of pre‐school children attending LDC from the Geelong Region in the state of Victoria, Australia was recruited. Individual children's sodium intake was estimated by a validated visual plate waste scale method on one lunch day and the sodium content of lunches consumed was also assessed.ResultsNinety‐five pre‐school children (50 males) aged between 3–4 years from 7 LDC centres were assessed. At five centres lunch was served by staff. Children served themselves at the remaining two centres. The mean sodium content of the staff served lunches was 294 (SD 126) mg; range 179–480 mg and the mean sodium content of self‐served lunches was 196 (83) mg; range 137–255 mg. Between the two serving approaches there was no difference (p=>0.05) and average sodium intake was 265 (118) mg.ConclusionThese findings show that centre provision and pre‐school children's consumption of sodium varies across LDC centres, representing ~13% to ~50% of the recommended Upper Level for sodium for this age group. LDC settings may provide important opportunities to reduce pre‐school children's sodium consumption to acceptable levels.Support or Funding InformationNothing to Declare
Cross‐Nursing in a Peruvian Peri‐urban Area
Authors: Pareja Rossina G. , Marquis Grace S , Penny Mary E 
Published: November 2023

Despite recommendations that mothers should avoid the cross‐nursing of their infants (the occasional nursing by another woman) due to the risk of transmitting diseases such as HIV, this practice occurs.MethodsA cohort of 179 pregnant women and their toddlers living in a peri‐urban area of Lima, Peru was enrolled during the 3rd trimester of pregnancy. After birth, a total of 179 newborn infants were followed up until 6 months of age. Field workers visited the homes weekly to collect information about the infant for the previous seven days. Mothers were asked about the infant's health and feeding practices (breastfeeding, use of any liquids or foods, type of food).ResultsAbout 45% of the mothers (n=81) reported that their infants received breast milk from another woman during their first 6 months of life. Of those who were cross‐nursed, the frequency of days exposed ranged from one day (35%), between 2 to 7 days (40%), and 8 to 31 days (25%). The exposure occurred as early as the second day of life and as late as the six‐month birthday. Infants were most frequently cross‐nursed by their aunt (69%), followed by their neighbor (11%) and great aunts (11%). Grandmothers were also reported as breastfeeding the infant.ConclusionsAlthough this study provided data about one specific area of Peru, the population included migrants from other areas of the country; it is likely that this feeding behavior is common throughout Peru. More information is required to understand the practice of cross‐nursing and develop training to help health professionals effectively counsel mothers about the risks of this infant feeding practice.Support or Funding InformationCanadian Institutes of Health Research
A Concept Analysis of Premature Infant Growth Failure
Authors: Schehr Lindsay 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveTo present a concept analysis on premature infant growth failure.BackgroundControversy continues among health care providers regarding optimal premature infant growth. Varying definitions of premature infant growth failure in the literature have prevented comparison of research results and have contributed to unclear clinical guidelines for optimal premature infant growth.MethodsWalker and Avant's (2011) method for concept analysis.FindingsIdentification of all uses of the concept, attributes, antecedents, consequences, and empirical referents led to an operational definition of premature infant growth failure. The proposed operational definition of premature infant growth failure is suboptimal growth with weight less than the 10th percentile for postmenstrual age on a standard intrauterine growth chart at discharge from the NICU caused by excessive energy expenditure and insufficient nutritional support.ConclusionsPremature infant growth failure as a concept is not merely poor weight gain. Premature infant growth failure is a multifaceted concept as revealed in the diversity of the literature and concept analysis. The proposed operational definition of premature infant growth failure will promote a unified use of the concept in theoretical construction, research, and clinical practice.Support or Funding InformationI have no research support or funding to disclose.
Neonatal iron status at birth is independently regulated by fetally derived hepcidin in neonates born to women carrying multiple fetuses
Authors: Ru Yuan , Pressman Eva K , Guillet Ronnie , Copper Elizabeth M , Katzman Philip J , O'Brien Kimberly O 
Published: November 2023

Hepcidin is an important regulatory hormone for iron (Fe) homeostasis but little is known on determinants of neonatal hepcidin. To examine the relative importance of maternal versus neonatal hepcidin on neonatal Fe status, Fe status indicators including hemoglobin (Hb), soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), erythropoietin (EPO), and hepcidin were measured in 63 women carrying multiple fetuses and in their 142 neonates at delivery. The majority of neonates (65%) were born prematurely and had low birth weight (69%). In these pregnancies, 30 neonates were monochorionic, 82 were dichorionic, and 32 were trichorionic. Hepcidin concentrations increased by nearly 3‐fold in neonates across the range of 30–38 weeks of gestation (r2=0.54, p=0.01, n=142). Maternal hepcidin at delivery was positively associated with neonatal hepcidin at birth (r2=0.45, p=0.007, n=118), but maternal hepcidin was not significantly associated with neonatal Hb and EPO. There is a negative but not significant trend between maternal hepcidin and neonatal sTfR (n=118, P=0.06). In contrast, neonatal hepcidin was significantly negatively associated with neonatal Hb (r2=0.76 p<0.0001, n=124), sTfR (r2=0.80, p<0.0001, n=142), and EPO (r2=0.72 p=0.0003, n=137). Significant variability in hepcidin was evident between siblings. As expected, monochorionic neonates had significantly lower intrauterine variability than di/trichorionic neonates in sTfR (p=0.001, n=136) and EPO (p=0.007, n=129). The intrauterine variability of neonatal hepcidin was a significant positive determinant of the intrauterine variability in Hb (r2=0.22, p=0.0004, n=49), sTfR (r2=0.08, p=0.02, n=60), and EPO (r2=0.17, p=0.0007, n=58). These findings suggest that neonates regulate their Fe status independently from their mothers and in relation to their own Fe demands given the variability that was evident between siblings.Support or Funding InformationGrant Funding Source: The Gerber Foundation
Effect of Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Blood Pressure in Hispanics with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Zarini Gustavo G. , Exebio Joel , Vaccaro Joan A. , McLean Michael , Ajabshir Sahar , Huffman Fatma G. 
Published: November 2023

SignificanceSerum vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency and elevated blood pressure are important health concerns especially among Hispanics. Additionally, Hispanics are at high risk for type 2 diabetes. Available evidence from observational studies indicated that low 25‐hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D] levels are associated with elevated blood pressure. However, studies have found contradictory relationship between vitamin D3 supplementation and blood pressure.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of vitamin D3 supplementation at 6000 IU/day on systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels in Hispanics with type 2 diabetes and hypovitaminosis D [25(OH)D < 30 ng/mL].MethodsParticipants (n=22) were recruited from two clinics in Miami‐Dade County, FL, US (Borinquen Health Care Center and Clinical Care Medical Center). Twenty milliliters of venous blood (at least 8 hours fasting) was collected from each participant by a certified phlebotomist using standard laboratory methods. Serum 25(OH)D levels were determined using a commercial ELISA kit from Immunodiagnostic Systems Limited (Scottsdale, AZ, USA). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were measured twice in a sitting position using a calibrated arm‐cuff automatic blood pressure monitor. Average of the two readings was used for analysis. Participants were given 6000 IU/day of vitamin D3 supplementation for 6 months. All data analyses were conducted on an “intent to treat” basis. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics and one‐way repeated‐measures ANOVA.ResultsAdjusted repeated measures ANOVA determined that mean systolic blood pressure levels differed statistically significantly between time points (F(1.611) = 4.883), p<0.015). Post‐hoc test using Bonferroni correction indicated that vitamin D3 supplementation at 6000 IU/day significantly reduced mean systolic blood pressure levels from baseline (146.6 ± 18.4) to 3 months (137.0 ± 16.2, p=0.026) and statistically greater reduction was observed at 6 months (133.6 ± 17.8, p=0.014). Diastolic blood pressure levels did not change significantly over time.ConclusionVitamin D3 supplementation at 6000 IU/day significantly decreased systolic blood pressure levels in Hispanics with type 2 diabetes. Improving blood pressure levels with supplementation of vitamin D3 may prevent/delay future complications associated with cardiovascular disease and disease progression of type 2 diabetes. Larger randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm these results in this and other racial/ethnic groups.
Exploring the Food Choices of Muslims Arab Immigrants in Canada
Authors: Aljaroudi Rana 
Published: November 2023

This qualitative study investigates how immigration affects the food choices of Muslim Arab immigrants who currently reside in two communities in Southern Ontario, Canada. When immigrants move to a new country they tend to adjust in a variety of ways, this includes a change in their food choices. This process of cultural adjustment, or acculturation, occurs with various immigrant groups, including Arab Muslim immigrants to Canada. This group was selected as the focus for this research due to the growing Arab Muslim immigrant population in Canada and the lack of previous research among this population.This study utilizes a phenomenological methodology to understand participant's lived experiences, as well as their perceptions and feelings around food choice. This study also aims to determine whether Arab Muslims have maintained their traditional diet or are incorporating more Western foods into their diet. In order to have a rich source of data, the study recruits Arab Muslims mothers who have resided in Canada for five years or more. Data is collected by semi‐structured individual interviews with the participants conducted in Arabic. Interview questions focus on the participant's experience of moving to Canada in terms of food availability, meal preparation and food choices. Data are translated into English and coded utilizing the NVivo10 Qualitative Analysis Software environment. In addition, the participants are administered an adapted version of The Male Arab‐American Acculturation Scale (MAAS) to all study participants, which uses a descriptive manner to discuss participants' attitudes towards acculturation.Results from initial qualitative interviews indicate that Arab immigrants to Canada strive to maintain their traditional eating practices and food choices. Participants report that traditional foods were widely available in their communities at large supermarkets, but they expressed concerns over the costs of food and the general lack of flavour and freshness of food in Canada. They felt that their traditional foods maintained a link to their cultural identity and that, as mothers, they had an important role to play in feeding their families while maintaining their cultural background. The participants reported generally avoiding fast food. Most did not take their families to eat out at restaurants except rarely and on special occasions due to financial constraints. Participants expressed a variety of attitudes towards Western food and to religious observances around food. While some were open minded about trying Western foods, some expressed resistance to trying new things. There were varying levels of adhering to religious dietary observances; some participants stressed the importance of strict religious observances around food, others stressed that “good Muslims should be flexible”.Support or Funding InformationSaudi Culture Bureau, Canada
The Needs of Nutrition and Physical Activity Education for Staff of Michigan Migrant and Seasonal Head Start Centers
Authors: Knox Amanda R. , Lim Yuen Mei , Song SuJin , Moorhead‐Hill Kaitlyn , Farabi Nabila , Song Won O. 
Published: November 2023

Background and AimStaff in child care settings are expected to influence child development through their knowledge and practices of nutrition and physical activity. Limited research has been conducted on training practices and needs of staff in Migrant and Seasonal Head Start (MSHS) programs. The aim of this mixed methods study was to identify needs of nutrition and physical activity education to improve the competency and well‐being of staff in Michigan MSHS programs by assessing their desired contents for education and facilitators and barriers of healthy nutrition and physical activity behaviors.MethodsFive focus groups were conducted at five Michigan MSHS centers from July to September 2016. A total of 28 staff including teachers (n=12), assistant teachers (n=3), center aides or assistants (n=7), specialists (n=3), special service assistants (n=2), and a secretary (n=1) were recruited using convenience sampling. Two trained researchers asked participants about their desired contents for education and facilitators and barriers for practicing healthy nutrition and physical activity behaviors. Focus group responses were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using thematic analysis. An online survey questionnaire was administered to a total of 197 staff in the same positions. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the survey data.ResultsA majority of staff were interested in nutrition and physical activity education and receiving education weekly or monthly. Desired contents identified for nutrition and physical activity education included cooking and meal preparation, growing food, preserving food, improving child health, basic nutrition knowledge, and types of physical activity. Facilitators of healthy nutrition and physical activity behaviors included incentives, support systems, and motivation for personal health improvement. Barriers of healthy nutrition and physical activity behaviors included time constraints, financial constraints, demanding work environment, incognizance of education programs, family responsibilities, no motivation to be healthy, and limited access to resources.ConclusionsA large proportion of staff expressed interest in nutrition and physical activity education. Unique needs and factors that prevent and encourage healthy nutrition and physical activity behaviors were identified among staff of MSHS centers. Findings from this study can be used to develop effective training programs to improve their competency and better meet their needs. Staff with a thorough understanding of nutrition and physical activity knowledge may help them improve their well‐being and serve as better role models and educators to children in child care settings.Support or Funding InformationThis study was supported by Michigan Telamon Corporation, Michigan State University Extension, and Michigan State University College Assistance Migrant Program.
Effect of Acid Concentration on the Yield of Ethanol from Cassava Waste Using Baker's Yeast
Authors: Oyelola Olukemi Taiwo , Ajiboshin Isaac Olugbemi , Banjoko Immaculata Oyeyemi 
Published: November 2023

Production of ethanol from cassava waste involves some processes such as hydrolysis, fermentation and distillation. Hydrolysis which is either acid or enzymatic is the major process that converts starch to reducing sugar that determines the yield. The common acid hydrolysis was used in this investigation. Cassava waste samples were hydrolysed with sulphuric acid of different concentrations ranging from 0.2M to 2M at 60°C for 40 minutes. Reducing sugar from hydrolysis process was fermented with baker's yeast in separate containers for 72 hours. The pH of fermented broths and percentage yield of ethanol were determined every 12 hours and at the end of 72 hours respectively. The pH of the fermented broths decreased from 5.5 to 4.7 for all levels of concentration. The percentage yield for concentrations of 0.2M, 0.3M, 0.4M, 1.0M and 2.0M are 68.02%, 59.43%, 54.09, 61.70% and 59.83% respectively. These results show that concentration has effect on the yield of ethanol with 0.2M having highest yield of 68.02%.Support or Funding InformationSelf Funding
Factors associated with vending machine snacks choices in young adults
Authors: Rusmevichientong Pimbucha , Navajas Emma , Jaynes Jessica , Kazemi Sanam , McEligot Archana , Mitra Sinjini 
Published: November 2023

Snacking is one potential factor associated with increased obesity among college students. Grab‐and‐go snacks, such as vending machine snacks are a primary snack source for college students, and are prevalent on several campuses; however, most items sold in vending machines are considered energy‐dense and high sugar. We assessed factors and reasons related to college students' snack choices. We administered a Discrete Choice Experiment (DCE) survey, using a Block Fractional Factorial Design, to 130 undergraduate students. With the DCE, we constructed several hypothetical snack choices, each of which featured a combination of four snack attributes, including price, convenience, taste, and healthfulness. The prices were set at “$1.25,” “$2.50,” or “$3.75.” Convenience (time to get snacks) was categorized as “1 minute,” “3 minute,” or “5 minutes or more.” Taste was described as “sufficient,” “good,” or “very good.” Healthfulness was labeled as “unhealthy,” “neutral,” or “healthy.” The data was analyzed using the multinomial logit model. The results indicated that college students choose snacks primarily based on healthfulness (Odds Ratio [OR] 6.209; 95% confidence interval [CI] 5.435–7.093), followed by price (OR 0.452; CI 0.403–0.506), taste (OR 1.565; CI 1.403–1.746), and convenience (OR 0.717; CI 0.642–0.801), respectively. The findings suggest that college students do prioritize healthful/nutrient‐dense snack choices, and that changing the vending machine snack composition to more nutritious options may create a healthy food environment on the campus, and subsequently improve college students' snacking choices and behaviors and reduce weight gain at university level.Support or Funding Information1) “Big Data Discovery and Diversity through Research Education Advancement and Partnerships (BD3‐REAP)” Project funded by National Institutes of Health (NIH)‐R25; Grant number is 1R25MD010397‐01.2) “Understanding how nutrition/food labeling of snacks found in vending machines effects college students' purchasing decisions” Project funded by a 2016–17 Junior/Senior Intramural Research Award from California State University, Fullerton; Grant account number is 0355416.