bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Four Matters of Interpretation: The Constitutional Phenomenon in Comparative Studies
Authors: Kuo Ming-Sung 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This article takes a close look at the state of comparative constitutional studies as constitutional scholarship is taking a comparative turn. It first surveys the field and identifies four varieties – doctrinal, law-and-society, documentary, and cultural – of constitutional comparison and then critically investigates the state of comparative constitutional studies. Through this two-stage engagement, this article aims to make two main analytical points. First, at the core of each of the four varieties of comparative constitutional studies lies an interpretive exercise oriented by its distinctive purpose. Second, the social sciences’ growing influence on constitutional comparison has entailed a myth of scientism in the field, which may inadvertently impoverish comparative constitutional studies as a whole. It concludes with a cautionary note on the comparative turn in studying constitutional ordering. With its prevalent focus on formal institutions and norms in constitutional orders, the comparative turn may unwittingly limit studies of the multifaceted constitutional phenomenon.
Ovarian clear cell carcinoma: open questions on the management and treatment algorithm
Authors: Rosso Roberta , Turinetto Margherita , Borella Fulvio , Chopin Nicolas , Meeus Pierre , Lainè Alexandra , Ray-Coquard Isabelle , Le Saux Olivia , Ferraioli Domenico 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) accounts for ~10% of all epithelial ovarian cancers and is considered a different entity from the more common high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSC), with distinct clinical presentations, different risk, and prognostic factors, and specific molecular features. Most OCCCs are diagnosed at an early stage and show favorable outcomes, in contrast to those diagnosed at advanced stages, which exhibit intrinsic resistance to platinum-based chemotherapy regimens and a very poor prognosis. The standard treatment of advanced OCCC is currently based on primary debulking surgery followed by platinum-based chemotherapy according to recent international guidelines. However, these recommendations are extrapolated from several trials mainly featuring a large cohort of HGSC, with only a small minority of OCCC. Because of its rarity, many questions remain unanswered regarding the surgical and medical treatment. Lymph node staging, fertility-sparing treatment, the use of targeted therapies and radiotherapy as well as the adjuvant treatment for early-stage disease and second or further lines of chemotherapy are still under debate. This review aims to address these unresolved issues, by providing a comprehensive overview of the current data on this disease, and to suggest possible directions for future research.
Introduction
Authors: Garrod Raphaële 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Bodily functions in Rabelais have polarized its scholarly reception. Both Bakhtinian, carnivalesque interpretations and satirical ones assume their opposition to higher, intellectual and spiritual activities: a contrast repeated in the ideological and hermeneutical pitting of high humanism against popular culture, of literal against spiritual meanings. However, a third way opened by Jeanneret and others has highlighted the continuum between these polar opposites. In Renaissance medicine, animation results from a spirited physiology whose integrated operations—breathing, digesting, thinking—define the dynamism of the human ingenium as inborn nature and wit, this source of invention. By envisaging man as an ingenious animal, Rabelais’s fictions investigate the physiological production of culture as invention. The following chapters sketch various figures of this investigation in a selection of episodes from Gargantua and the Quart livre. The poetics best suited to it was that of the Renaissance grotesque ornament—a metamorphic, antiquarian, ironically reflexive art form.
Situating Islamic Reform
Authors: Bashir Haroon 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The concept of reform (Islāh; Tajdīd) has existed throughout Islamic history. The idea of human errancy and the need to renew traditions is certainly not novel within Islamic thought, as Islam views itself as a corrective to previous ‘adulterated’ traditions. To this end, Muslim scholarship has often attempted to chart out the great reformers of the Islamic tradition, attributing key scholars to different centuries. This chapter explores the primary components of the nineteenth-century reform movement. It explores what led to reformist scholarship emerging, and how this movement differed from those that preceded it, situating these discourses during the period of European Colonialism.
Striking the Right Balance
Authors: Bussey Erica 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The Special Criminal Court (SCC) in the Central African Republic (CAR), a ‘hybrid’ tribunal wholly grounded within the national justice system, has a majority of national judges and nationals in key staff positions. At the opposite end of the spectrum, the Kosovo Specialist Chambers (KSC), by design, has no national judges or staff. In the middle there are uneasy compromises—the proposed Hybrid Court for South Sudan (HCSS), as well as several of the first-wave of hybrids such as the Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL) and the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia (ECCC). Against the backdrop of these two opposite models, and by looking at case studies from several tribunals, this chapter examines the rationales for including and for excluding national judges and staff in hybrid tribunals, with an emphasis on the question of legitimacy, and the effects of these choices on internal and external resilience. The chapter also breaks down the national and international components of hybrid tribunals, with an emphasis on the effects of the regionalization of the composition of judges and staff on the legitimacy of recently created tribunals, as well as on other questions relating to personnel who fall between the narrow ‘national’ and ‘international’ categories, such as those from the diaspora.
The Premise of Capacity Building in the Special Court for Sierra Leone, the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia, and the Bosnian War Crimes Chamber
Authors: Jimenez Ezequiel 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter examines the premise of capacity building within the hybrid tribunal model and analyses the experience of the Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL), the ongoing trials in the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia (ECCC), and the unique judicial set up in the War Crimes Chamber (WCC) within the Court of Bosnia Herzegovina (BiH) with the backing of the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY). Tasked with prosecuting war crimes, genocide, and crimes against humanity, the hybrid tribunal model contemplates the premise of rebuilding domestic judicial capacity through a mix of applicable domestic and international law, knowledge transfer between local and foreign judicial personnel, and infrastructure investment, to bring the judicial process closer to victims in post-conflict situations. However, the experiences in Sierra Leone, Cambodia, and Bosnia Herzegovina highlight the varied implementation of the capacity-building element of the hybrid tribunal model, uncovering issues of operational clarity hybrid tribunals’ mandate to rebuild domestic judicial systems as well as the level of impact and resources allocated for this mammoth task. Given the re-emergence of the hybrid tribunal model to address situations where an accountability gap persists, strengthening the premise of the capacity-building element in the hybrid tribunal model is paramount for processes aimed at developing resilient states based on the rule of law and the right of access to justice.
Molding Military Loyalty
Authors: Peifer Douglas Carl 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
State authority rests on a mix of coercion, popularity, and tradition. The overwhelming majority of German soldiers, sailors, and airmen fought doggedly for the Third Reich as long as they were able to do so. This chapter explores how Hitler and the German military nurtured loyalty and suppressed dissent. It argues that consent and conformity were as important as coercion in preventing desertion. Much of the working class came to embrace the idea of a German people’s community (Volksgemeinschaft), with German schools and the Hitler Youth cultivating Nazi worldviews in the younger generation before they entered the military. Once in the military, loyalty to comrades in arms (Kameradschaft), notions of masculinity, and a mix of traditional and ethnic nationalism made the idea of desertion repugnant to all but a few.
Situating the Deserter in Postwar German Consciousness
Authors: Peifer Douglas Carl 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Assessing the crime of desertion in the context of the Third Reich’s war of aggression took decades of debate, changing and evolving over time. It would be debated between the two Germanies, and it pitted different segments of society against one another: survivors and perpetrators, playwrights and judges, and those who had stayed in the ranks and those who had not. This chapter analyzes the contested meaning attached to the Wehrmacht deserter in Germany from its defeat to the twenty-first century. It examines how postwar authors such as Alfred Andersch and the Gruppe 47 portrayed the deserter, how courts dealt with the matter, how assessments of the National Committee for a Free Germany evolved, and how the Filbinger Affair ignited a national debate about recognizing and rehabilitating those who had deserted Hitler’s Wehrmacht.
“Like a Human Being”
Authors: Riccardi Ricky 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter focuses on how Louis Armstrong was arrested and its aftermath. In 1910, the Chinatown section of Louis’s Third Ward neighborhood was rocked by a fire which was a beacon for looters, including 15-year-old Henry Smith, who targeted a building filled with brass. Armstrong was taking a chance by joining Smith’s crew, but the lure of making money off some stolen brass was too good to pass up. The chapter considers the issue of juvenile delinquency, especially in the African American community. It provides an overview of Armstrong living with the Jewish Karnofsky family between jobs to support his family.
“I Would Gladly Live It Over Again”
Authors: Riccardi Ricky 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter discusses the aftermath of Louis Armstrong leaving the Waif’s Home. Louis might have been sad to leave the Waif’s Home and sadder to not be with his mother, but it was probably best for him to be living at Willie Armstrong’s home. However, eventually, he returned home to his mother after his father concluded that his expenses were too heavy for both his original family and Armstrong. The chapter considers the conflicting reports regarding this period of Armstrong’s life, particularly with regard to music. Armstrong’s foundation of singing and comedy was secure, but he hadn’t had any real opportunities to hear good ragtime since he left the Waif's Home in June 1914.
“The Memory of the Bullies and Trouble Makers”
Authors: Riccardi Ricky 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter discusses Louis Armstrong’s first gig, where he played and sang at Andrew H. Pons’s place. It details the level of violence occurring at the location due to the feud between Pons and Joe Segreto. Eventually, Armstrong began to form a small addiction to his neighborhood’s nightlife. Armstrong was now at a crossroads and could have easily ended up like one of his old Waif’s Home friends if he had made the wrong choices. The chapter then provides an overview of Armstrong’s writing about bullies and troublemakers he met in his life. It notes the vague details related to whether Armstrong played during the funeral of Arthur Brown, one of Armstrong’s classmates at Fisk School.
“Son, You Got a Chance”
Authors: Riccardi Ricky 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter focuses on Louis Armstrong’s chances after leaving the secure employment of the Marable band. The Orchard Cabaret engagement solidified the close friendship between Armstrong and Arthur “Zutty” Singleton. Aside from trying to avoid his ex-wife, rmstrong was honored to be asked to join Oscar “Papa” Celestin’s Tuxedo Brass Band in the latter part of 1921. As Armstrong’s reputation grew, he became an in-demand sub with the city’s other popular brass bands, always making an impact with each parade he played. The chapter then reviews Armstrong’s upbringing beyond the blues and jazz up until his decision to go to Chicago to play with his idol, King Oliver.
“I Always Played Pretty under Him”
Authors: Riccardi Ricky 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of Louis Armstrong’s arrival in Chicago. It introduces the band members Armstrong was to play with alongside Joe Oliver. Oliver’s music had an equally life-changing effect on the many young Black musicians who frequented the Lincoln Gardens. Oliver also occasionally took Armstrong out on the town to hear Chicago’s other jazz bands, including Will Bottoms’s Dreamland Café, where the orchestra was led by violinist Mae Brady. The chapter also mentions Armstrong meeting white musicians from downtown Chicago and enjoying their music. It then elaborates on the influence of Bill “Bojangles” Robinson on Armstrong’s eventual stage persona.
“Awful Glorious Days”
Authors: Riccardi Ricky 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter examines Louis Armstrong’s growing career. It notes how Armstrong’s Stompers remained at the Sunset Café throughout the summer of 1927, finally winning the approval of Dave Peyton. Armstrong began doubling with the orchestra of pianist Clarnece Jones at the Metropolitan Theater. . Armstrong was still featuring early Hot Five, but OKeh was hoping for similar hits and they weren’t finding them, even with a new Hot Seven batch of recordings. The chapter then discusses how Armstrong conquered the Savoy and decided to record for OKeh again to make history.
Legacy, Part I
Authors: Walker Paul 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter investigates the influence of both the preludes and the fugues on later composition and pedagogy. Composers whose works show significant influence from The Well-Tempered Clavier include Mozart in the eighteenth century, Mendelssohn and Schumann in the nineteenth, and Hindemith and Shostakovich in the twentieth. Although the Paris Conservatory has, since its founding, relied on its own in-house model for the teaching of fugue (the so-called fugue d’école), Bach’s fugues were taken as the standard in the Leipzig Conservatory under Mendelssohn’s directorship around the middle of the nineteenth century and quickly became the universal authority for most of the musical world, a status they enjoy to this day. The preludes served as models for keyboard études in the first half of the nineteenth century, but since that time have exerted less influence than the fugues.
The Wars of the Lord
Authors: Tuininga Matthew J. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The Wars of the Lord: The Puritan Conquest of America’s First People tells the story of how the English Puritans came to dominate the native peoples of New England. The Puritans believed that by colonizing the new world they were advancing Christ’s kingdom, waging a spiritual war against the Devil, and liberating Native Americans from sin and darkness. They attempted to colonize the natives in a manner consistent with justice and peace. When Indians resisted colonization, as during the Pequot War (1636-1637), the Puritans interpreted such attacks as an assault on Christ’s kingdom and responded ruthlessly. For the most part, therefore, Indians pursued cooperation through trade and diplomacy. Missionaries such as John Eliot worked hard to convert Indians to Christianity, and thousands did become Christians. Though a series of crises repeatedly brought the region to the brink of war, Indians and Puritans managed to avoid a major conflict until the catastrophe of King Philip’s War (1675-1676). After suffering a series of major disasters, the English and their Indian allies ultimately crushed their Indian opposition. The war left the English in a dominant position over all Indians, including those who had converted to Christianity or supported the English during the war.
The Lord Has Cleared Our Title
Authors: Tuininga Matthew J. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter describes how disease devastated native populations and the English colonies expanded. Puritans believed God used diseases like smallpox to clear native land for his people. Entire Indian communities were nearly wiped out, opening regions like the Connecticut Valley for settlement. Numerous parties laid claim to the valley, including the Pequots, local Indians, Dutch traders, Plymouth, and a new English colony named Saybrook, founded at the mouth of the Connecticut River. Roger Williams challenged the morality of colonization and was banished from Massachusetts, leading him to establish what would become Rhode Island.
The Pocumtuck War
Authors: Tuininga Matthew J. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter describes how the colonies struggled to bring recalcitrant sachems to submit to English dominion while pressuring Indians to sell additional land. Massachusetts repeatedly prevented the colonies from going to war without just grounds, undermining the unity of the United Colonies. When the Pocumtuck War broke out among various Indian communities, it exacerbated the division among the colonies, with Connecticut sympathizing with Uncas and Massachusetts sympathizing with the Narragansetts. But the colonies’ common interests – especially their desire for land – eventually led them to form a common front against the Narragansetts. After a series of Narragansett depredations, the United Colonies imposed punitive reparations on the Narragansetts. The Narragansetts were forced to mortgage their land to the Atherton Company to pay the debt, and the Atherton Company soon claimed all Narragansett land.
Who Are Friends and Who Are Foes?
Authors: Tuininga Matthew J. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter describes how King Philip’s War began and spread throughout New England, in part because the colonies alienated neutral Indians by their heavy handed efforts ensure their loyalty. Initially, as fighting broke out, Plymouth thought it could handle it, and simply urged the other colonies to prevent other Indians from joining. But Philip was able to escape Mount Hope, and fighting spread. Massachusetts sent troops to coerce the Narragansetts into signing a treaty, which succeeded, but when it attempted to use the same tactic against the Nipmucs, they ambushed colonial troops and attack Brookfield. Philip escaped to the north, and the war became regional.
The Narragansetts
Authors: Tuininga Matthew J. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter describes the United Colonies’ decision to launch a preemptive attack against the Narragansetts, the catastrophic campaign that resulted, and how it blew the war wide open. The United Colonies argued that the Narragansetts were secretly supporting their enemies. Soldiers from Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Plymouth led by Josiah Winslow, supported by Mohegan and Pequot allies, launched a brutal invasion of Narragansett country, leading to the heaviest fighting of the war. While the Narragansetts were devastated, Winslow’s army also suffered severely. Intelligence received afterward showed that the argument for war was based on faulty information. Bolstered by the Narragansetts, the Algonquian coalition against the English was now stronger than ever. Winslow eventually resumed his campaign but was forced to retreat.
New England’s Reckoning
Authors: Tuininga Matthew J. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter shows how Puritan ministers and other colonists interpreted the war in religious terms. Although Quakers thought God was judging the Puritans for persecuting Quakers, most Puritans believed they were suffering for a broader range of sins such as worldliness, materialism, and lack of piety. William Hubbard preached an election sermon in which he interpreted the war for Massachusetts’s political leaders. Increase Mather found Hubbard’s interpretation lacking and offered his own interpretation in a published tract. Other Puritans, such as the farmer John Kingsley and the poets Philip Walker and Benjamin Thompson, offered their own interpretations. Nearly everyone agreed that while God was using the Indians to discipline his people, he would ultimately give his people the victory and destroy their enemies.
The Role of A ♭ in the Funeral March from Beethoven’s Symphony No. 3, “Eroica”
Authors: Miyake Jan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Tracing the treatment of A♭ offers a productive avenue for understanding and interpreting the second movement of Beethoven’s “Eroica” Symphony (1803). This C-minor movement features A-flat at its most vulnerable, angry, surprising, darkly humorous, and touching moments. Digging deeper into the movement’s form and harmony reveals that A-flat also helps push this work toward its secondary keys of E-flat major and F minor, both of which define formal boundaries in the movement. Finally, telling the story of A-flat accesses many of the emotions one can imagine Beethoven feeling in 1802–1803, especially given the window into his state of mind provided by the 1802 Heiligenstadt Testament.
Metrical Dissonance and Phrase Grouping in HWANG Yau-Tai’s Oblivion (遺忘)
Authors: Chi-Sing Siu Joseph 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
HWANG Yau-Tai 黃友棣 (1911–2010) was a prolific Chinese composer who composed over 2,000 vocal works. Widely considered as one of HWANG’s most beloved choral works, the four-part choral piece Oblivion (遺忘) was composed in 1968, set to the text by the Taiwanese author CHUNG Mei-Yun 鍾梅音. This essay analyzes HWANG’s usage of metrical dissonances and phrase groupings in Oblivion, showing how his compositional choices enhance the musical setting of Oblivion, in which the protagonist repeatedly expresses her desire to forget her lover, even as her lingering feelings will not subside.
“All the Philosophers of Antiquity, with the Sole Exception of the Epicurean School”
Authors: Anderson Abraham 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Kant’s first remark about Epicureans in the Antinomy echoes a passage in Clarke’s Demonstration. There, Clarke attacks Bayle’s claim that the ancient philosophers denied the dependence of nature on mind. Kant’s echo of the Clarke passage suggests that the seeds of the Antinomy lie in the problem of creation. Kant’s later allusion to Hume as “Epicurus” confirms this. For the Hume passage Kant evokes echoes Bayle’s assertion that what caused the denial of creation was the principle of the ancients that nothing comes from nothing. In echoing Bayle’s assertion, Hume hints that the very principle that Clarke used to prove creation had caused Spinoza to deny it; he thereby hints at an antinomy opposing Clarke to Spinoza.
“If, for Instance, I at This Moment Arise from My Chair”
Authors: Anderson Abraham 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Sadik Al-Azm has proposed that the arguments of the Antinomies were inspired by the Leibniz-Clarke correspondence. Omri Boehm has argued that the Antinomy is largely an attack on Spinoza. The arguments of the dynamical antinomies are indeed indebted to Clarke, this chapter argues; not, however, to the correspondence with Leibniz, but to his Demonstration of the Being and Attributes of God. The “theses” in Kant’s dynamical antinomies are inspired by Clarke’s own position, while the “antitheses” are modeled on those he attributes to his opponents. In the Antinomy, Kant echoes Rousseau’s transformation of Clarke’s Demonstration into a Pyrrhonian antithetic, as he had done in the Dreams, though he is also inspired by Hume’s hint at such an antithetic at EHU 12.29 note (d), which likewise opposes Clarke to Spinoza and the Epicureans.