bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetic field observation in a magnetic tunnel junction by scanning transmission electron microscopy
Authors: Kohno Yuji , Seki Takehito , Tsuruoka Shun , Ohya Shinobu , Shibata Naoya 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
A magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) consists of two ferromagnetic layers separated by a thin insulating layer. MTJs show tunnel magnetoresistance effect, where the resistance in the direction perpendicular to the insulator layer drastically changes depending on the magnetization directions (parallel or antiparallel) in the ferromagnetic layers. However, direct observation of local magnetizations inside MTJs has been challenging. In this study, we demonstrate direct observation of magnetic flux density distribution inside epitaxially grown Fe/MgO/Fe layers using differential phase contrast scanning transmission electron microscopy. By utilizing newly developed tilt-scan averaging system for suppressing diffraction contrasts, we clearly visualize parallel and antiparallel states of ferromagnetic layers at nanometer resolution.
Planet-driven scatterings of planetesimals into a star: probability, time-scale, and applications
Authors: Rodet Laetitia , Lai Dong 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
A planetary system can undergo multiple episodes of intense dynamical activities throughout its life, resulting in the production of star-grazing planetesimals (or exocomets) and pollution of the host star. Such activity is especially pronounced when giant planets interact with other small bodies during the system’s evolution. However, due to the chaotic nature of the dynamics, it is difficult to determine the properties of the perturbing planet(s) from the observed planetesimal-disruption activities. In this study, we examine the outcomes of planetesimal-planet scatterings in a general setting. We focus on one-planet systems, and determine the likelihood and time-scale of planetesimal disruption by the host star as a function of the planet properties. We obtain a new analytical expression for the minimum distance a scattering body can reach, extending previous results by considering finite planet eccentricity and non-zero planetesimal mass. Through N-body simulations, we derive the distribution of minimum distances and the likelihood and time-scales of three possible outcomes of planetesimal-planet scatterings: collision with the planet, ejection, and disruption by the star. For planetesimals with negligible mass, we identify four defining dimensionless parameters (the planet eccentricity, planet-to-star mass ratio, planet radius to semimajor axis ratio, and the stellar disruption radius to planet semimajor axis ratio) that enable us to scale the problem and generalize our findings to a wide range of orbital configurations. Using these results, we explore three applications: falling evaporating bodies in the β Pictoris system, white dwarf pollution due to planetesimal disruption and planet engulfment by main-sequence stars.
Phase-space simulations of prompt cusps: simulating the formation of the first haloes without artificial fragmentation
Authors: Ondaro-Mallea Lurdes , Angulo Raul E , Stücker Jens , Hahn Oliver , White Simon D M 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
The first generation of haloes forms from the collapse of the smallest peaks in the initial density field. N-body simulations of this process suggest a prompt formation of a steep power-law cusp, but these calculations are plagued by numerical artefacts that cast some doubt on this result. Here, we develop new simulation methods based on the dark matter phase-space sheet approach and present results that are entirely free of artificial clumps. We find that a cusp with density ρ ∝ r−1.5 is indeed formed promptly, subsequently accreting a more extended halo and participating in the hierarchical growth of later halo generations. However, our simulations also suggest that the presence of artificial clumps just before peak collapse can significantly shallow the inner profiles of the cusps. We use N-body simulations with controlled amounts of small-scale power to place a conservative upper limit on the scales affected by artificial clumps. Finally, we used these results to simulate the collapse of the first generation of peaks of various types and in different cosmologies, finding prompt cusps to form in all cases. We conclude that prompt cusps are a generic feature of the collapse of peaks on the free-streaming scale of the initial density field, and their structure can safely be studied using N-body simulations provided care is taken to excise the region potentially affected by artificial clumps.
Very high energy gamma-rays from GRB 180720B and GRB 190829A with external Compton emission
Authors: Barnard Monica , Razzaque Soebur , Joshi Jagdish C 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) comprise short, bright, energetic flashes of emission from extragalactic sources followed by a longer afterglow phase of decreased brightness. Recent discoveries of very high energy (VHE, ≳100 GeV) afterglow emission from GRB 180720B and GRB 190829A by the High Energy Stereoscopic System have raised questions regarding the emission mechanism responsible. We interpret this observed late-time emission to be the result of inverse Compton emission of ultrarelativistic electrons in the GRB blast wave in an external radiation field, i.e. external Compton (EC), considering both the wind and interstellar medium scenarios. We present predictions of multiwavelength light curves and energy spectra, ranging from optical to VHE, and include the synchrotron and synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) radiation mechanisms as well. We corrected the EC and SSC models for the gamma-ray attenuation by absorption of photons through their interaction with the extragalactic background light. We compared our results to multiwavelength data and found that EC gives a satisfactory fit for a given set of fixed model parameters for GRB 180720B, whereas SSC results in a better fit for GRB 190829A. For both GRBs, a wind environment is preferred over constant-density interstellar medium, and the cosmic microwave background as the external radiation field. However, with more data and an effective optimization tool we can find a more robust fit of the model, implying better constraints on the GRB environment and the particle energy requirements for the emission observed at late times. This has consequences for future observations of GRBs at these extreme energies.
The metamorphosis of the Type Ib SN 2019yvr: late-time interaction
Authors: Ferrari Lucía , Folatelli Gastón , Kuncarayakti Hanindyo , Stritzinger Maximilian , Maeda Keiichi , Bersten Melina , Román Aguilar Lili M , Sáez M Manuela , Dessart Luc , Lundqvist Peter , Mazzali Paolo , Nagao Takashi , Ashall Chris , Bose Subhash , Brennan Seán J , Cai Yongzhi , Handberg Rasmus , Holmbo Simon , Karamehmetoglu Emir , Pastorello Andrea , Reguitti Andrea , Anderson Joseph , Chen Ting-Wan , Galbany Lluís , Gromadzki Mariusz , Gutiérrez Claudia P , Inserra Cosimo , Kankare Erkki , Müller Bravo Tomás E , Mattila Seppo , Nicholl Matt , Pignata Giuliano , Sollerman Jesper , Srivastav Shubham , Young David R 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
We present observational evidence of late-time interaction between the ejecta of the hydrogen-poor Type Ib supernova (SN) 2019yvr and hydrogen-rich circumstellar material (CSM), similar to the Type Ib SN 2014C. A narrow H α emission line appears simultaneously with a break in the light-curve decline rate at around 80–100 d after explosion. From the interaction delay and the ejecta velocity, under the assumption that the CSM is detached from the progenitor, we estimate the CSM inner radius to be located at ∼6.5–9.1 × 1015 cm. The H α emission line persists throughout the nebular phase at least up to +420 d post-explosion, with a full width at half maximum of ∼2000 km s−1. Assuming a steady mass-loss, the estimated mass-loss rate from the luminosity of the H α line is ∼3–7 × 10−5 M⊙ yr−1. From hydrodynamical modelling and analysis of the nebular spectra, we find a progenitor He-core mass of 3–4 M⊙, which would imply an initial mass of 13–15 M⊙. Our result supports the case of a relatively low-mass progenitor possibly in a binary system as opposed to a higher mass single star undergoing a luminous blue variable phase.
Relationship between falls and the use of hypnotics, antidepressants, antipsychotics, and anxiolytics in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Sakurai Kosuke , Yanai Ryo , Isozaki Takeo , Yajima Nobuyuki 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Objectives
This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the relationship between falls and the use of psychotropic medications in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods
The psychotropic medication group included patients with RA prescribed psychotropic medications [hypnotics/sedatives, antidepressants, antipsychotics, and anxiolytic (benzodiazepines) drugs]. Poisson regression with robust variance was performed to investigate the relationship between falls and the use of psychotropic medications, with adjustment for age, sex, RA disease activity, stroke, dementia, diabetes mellitus, and osteoarthritis.

Results
Of the 307 patients enrolled, 49 (16.0%) used psychotropic medications and 70 (22.8%) experienced at least one fall per year. Nineteen of the 49 patients (38.8%) taking psychotropic medications and 51 of 258 (19.8%) not taking psychotropic medications experienced at least one fall per year. Falls were significantly more frequent in the group with psychotropic medications than in the group without psychotropic medications (adjusted incidence rate ratio, 1.63; 95% confidence interval, 1.08–2.48; P = .02). No relationship was found between the number of falls and the use of psychotropic medications (adjusted incidence rate ratio, 1.16; 95% confidence interval, 0.39–3.44; P = .78).

Conclusions
There may be a relationship between psychotropic medication use and falls in patients with RA.
Evidence mapping of clinical practice guidelines on nutritional management for pressure injuries and their quality
Authors: Zhang Ya-Bin , Tang Qi-Lan , Wang Shui-Yu , Zhao Yu-Hua , Wu Tian-Rui , Wang Jun-Xia 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Context
The safety and efficacy of nutritional management for pressure injuries (PIs) have been the subjects of ongoing interest. Some evidence demonstrated that nutrition is essential for skin and tissue viability, supporting tissue repair for healing the pressure injury.

Objective
This investigation aimed to systematically review clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for the nutritional management of PIs and furnish an evidence map to assess research trends and CPG gaps.

Methods
The PubMed, Embase, and guidelines databases, and society websites were searched for CPGs for the nutritional management of PIs. The basic recommendations for the nutritional management of PIs, method quality, and reporting CPGs quality were identified and imported into Excel. Four researchers independently elucidated each CPG’s quality via the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research & Evaluation (AGREE) II instrument and the Reporting Items for Practice Guidelines in Healthcare (RIGHT) checklist. All bubble charts were generated using Excel software.

Results
This review included 12 CPGs with a combined 23 recommendations. The nutrition screening and assessment were summarized on the basis of the PI recommendations for 6 major items, 12 items on nutrition management, and 3 on PI education. The assessed CPGs had mixed quality, and the highest score  ± standard deviation based on the clarity of presentation was 83.46 ± 7.62, whereas the lowest mean score based on AGREE II applicability was 53.31 ± 16.90. Field 1 (basic information) in the RIGHT checklist had the greatest reporting rate (68.06%), whereas field 5 (review and quality assurance) had the lowest CPGs quality (41.67%).

Conclusion
This investigation furnishes an evidence map and provides new perspectives on the CPGs for the nutritional management of PIs. However, the CPGs included still need improvement, especially in the applicability and editorial independence domains.
Stem growth phenology, not canopy greening, constrains deciduous tree growth
Authors: Arend Matthias , Hoch Günter , Kahmen Ansgar 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Canopy phenology is a widely used proxy for deciduous forest growth with various applications in terrestrial ecosystem modeling. Its use relies on common assumptions that canopy greening and stem growth are tightly coordinated processes, enabling predictions on the timing and the quantity of annual tree growth. Here, we present parallel observations of canopy and stem growth phenology and annual stem increment in around 90 deciduous forest trees with diffuse-porous (Fagus sylvatica, Acer pseudoplatanus, Carpinus betulus) or ring-porous (Quercus robur × petraea) wood anatomy. These data were collected in a mixed temperate forest at the Swiss-Canopy-Crane II site, in 4 years with strongly contrasting weather conditions. We found that stem growth resumption lagged several weeks behind spring canopy greening in diffuse-porous but not in ring-porous trees. Canopy greening and stem growth resumption showed no or only weak signs of temporal coordination across the observation years. Within the assessed species, the seasonal timing of stem growth varied strongly among individuals, as trees with high annual increments resumed growth earlier and also completed their main growth earlier. The length of main growth activity had no influence on annual increments. Our findings not only challenge tight temporal coordination of canopy and stem growth phenology but also demonstrate that longer main growth activity does not translate into higher annual increments. This may compromise approaches modeling tree growth and forest productivity with canopy phenology and growth length.
Do We Need to Administer Fludrocortisone in Addition to Hydrocortisone in Adult Patients With Septic Shock? An Updated Systematic Review With Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials and an Observational Study With Target Trial Emulation*
Authors: Lai Pei-Chun , Lai Chao-Han , Lai Edward Chia-Cheng , Huang Yen-Ta 
Published: December 2023

OBJECTIVES:
This systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy and safety of hydrocortisone combined with fludrocortisone or hydrocortisone alone, compared with placebo in adult patients with septic shock.

DATA SOURCES:
By extending a prior Cochrane review, databases, including PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov, along with other relevant websites, were searched until August 31, 2023.

STUDY SELECTION:
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies using target trial emulation were included.

DATA EXTRACTION:
The primary outcome was short-term mortality with an emphasis on 28- or 30-day mortality as the main measure and in-hospital or ICU mortality as the nearest surrogate of this measure. Three of the most common adverse events, namely, gastroduodenal bleeding, superinfection, and hyperglycemia, were also considered.

DATA SYNTHESIS:
A total of 19 studies involving 95,841 patients were included. Hydrocortisone plus fludrocortisone showed the lowest short-term mortality versus placebo (odds ratio [OR]: 0.79; 95% credible interval [CrI], 0.64–0.99; number needed to treat [NNT]: 21, range: 12–500; low certainty of evidence) in terms of informative priors. The surface under the cumulative ranking curve values for hydrocortisone plus fludrocortisone, hydrocortisone alone, and placebo were 0.9469, 0.4542, and 0.0989, respectively. Consistent results were observed in RCTs alone and those using a daily 200-mg dose of hydrocortisone. Although gastroduodenal bleeding or superinfection showed no clear increase, hyperglycemia risk increased. The ORs were 0.53 for placebo versus hydrocortisone plus fludrocortisone and 0.64 for placebo versus hydrocortisone alone, with very low certainty of evidence.

CONCLUSIONS:
In adults with septic shock, hydrocortisone plus fludrocortisone improved short-term survival with minimal adverse events compared with hydrocortisone alone or placebo. However, these findings are not definitive due to the limited certainty of evidence and wide NNT range. Additional large-scale, placebo-controlled RCTs are needed to provide conclusive evidence.
Trajectories of Quality of Life Following Pelvic Exenteration: A Latent Class Growth Analysis
Authors: Steffens Daniel , Blake Joshua , Solomon Michael J , Lee Peter , Austin Kirk , Byrne Christopher , Karunaratne Sascha , Koh Cherry 
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND:
Information on the course of quality of life following surgery for advanced cancers within the pelvis is important to guide patient decision-making, however the current evidence is limited.

OBJECTIVE:
To identify quality of life trajectory classes and their predictors following pelvic exenteration.

DESIGN:
Prospective cohort study.

SETTINGS:
Highly specialized quaternary pelvic exenteration referral center.

PATIENTS:
Patients undergoing pelvic exenteration due to advanced/recurrent cancers within the pelvis between July 2008 to July 2022.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
Quality of life data included the Short Form-36 Survey (physical and mental component scores) and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Colorectal instruments, collected at 11 distinct points from baseline to 5-year postoperatively. Predictors included patient characteristics and surgical outcomes. Latent class analysis was used to identify the likelihood of a better quality of life class and logistic regression models were used to identify predictors of the identified classes.

RESULTS:
The study included 565 participants. Two distinct quality of life trajectory classes were identified for physical component score (class 1: high stable and class; 2: high decreasing). Three distinct classes were identified for mental component score (class 1: high increasing; class 2: moderate stable; and class 3: moderate decreasing) and for Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Colorectal total score (class 1: high increasing; class 2: high decreasing; and class 3: low decreasing). Across the 3 quality of life domains, overall survival probabilities were also higher in classes 1 (p < 0.0001). Age, repeat exenteration, neoadjuvant therapy, surgical margin, length of operation, and hospital stay were significant predictors of quality of life classes.

LIMITATIONS:
This study was conducted at a single highly specialized quaternary pelvic exenteration referral center and findings may not apply to other centers.

CONCLUSIONS:
This study demonstrates that quality of life following pelvic exenteration diverge into distinct trajectories, with most patients reporting an optimal course. See Video
Association of tea and coffee consumption and biliary tract cancer risk: The Biliary Tract Cancers Pooling Project
Authors: Huang Yu-Han , Loftfield Erikka , Argirion Ilona , Adami Hans-Olov , Albanes Demetrius , Chan Andrew T. , Fedirko Veronika , Fraser Gary E. , Freedman Neal D. , Giles Graham G. , Hartge Patricia , Katzke Verena , Knutsen Synnove F. , Lacey James , Liao Linda M. , Luo Juhua , Milne Roger L. , O’Brien Katie M. , Peters Ulrike , Poynter Jenny N. , Purdue Mark P. , Robien Kim , Sandin Sven , Sandler Dale P. , Setiawan Veronica W. , Kang Jae H. , Simon Tracey G. , Sinha Rashmi , VoPham Trang , Weinstein Stephanie J. , White Emily , Zhang Xuehong , Zhu Bin , McGlynn Katherine A. , Campbell Peter T. , Lee Mei-Hsuan , Koshiol Jill 
Published: December 2023

Background and Aims:
Tea and coffee are widely consumed beverages worldwide. We evaluated their association with biliary tract cancer (BTC) incidence.

Approach and Results:
We pooled data from 15 studies in the Biliary Tract Cancers Pooling Project to evaluate associations between tea and coffee consumption and biliary tract cancer development. We categorized participants as nondrinkers (0 cup/day), moderate drinkers (>0 and <3 cups/day), and heavy drinkers (≥3 cups/day). We estimated multivariable HRs and 95% CIs using Cox models. During 29,911,744 person-years of follow-up, 851 gallbladder, 588 intrahepatic bile duct, 753 extrahepatic bile duct, and 458 ampulla of Vater cancer cases were diagnosed. Individuals who drank tea showed a statistically significantly lower incidence rate of gallbladder cancer (GBC) relative to tea nondrinkers (HR=0.77; 95% CI, 0.64–0.91), and intrahepatic bile duct cancer (IHBDC) had an inverse association (HR=0.81; 95% CI, 0.66–1.00). However, no associations were observed for extrahepatic bile duct cancer (EHBDC) or ampulla of Vater cancer (AVC). In contrast, coffee consumption was positively associated with GBC, with a higher incidence rate for individuals consuming more coffee (HR<3 cups/day =1.29; 95% CI, 1.01–1.66; HR≥3 cups/day =1.49; 95% CI, 1.11–1.99, P
trend
=0.01) relative to coffee nondrinkers. However, there was no association between coffee consumption and GBC when restricted to coffee drinkers. There was little evidence of associations between coffee consumption and other biliary tract cancers.

Conclusions:
Tea consumption was associated with a lower incidence of GBC and possibly IHBDC. Further research is warranted to replicate the observed positive association between coffee and GBC.
Pulmonary Bacterial Infection and Liver Cirrhosis: Current Status and Treatment
Authors: Zhao Yingying , Yang Song , Xing Huichun 
Published: December 2023

AbstractLiver cirrhosis has a higher incidence rate and mortality when complicated with bacterial infections. Concomitant bacterial infections, especially bacterial pneumonia, increase the susceptibility of cirrhotic patients to decompensation, with a higher likelihood of mortality. Bacterial pneumonia is often overlooked in patients with liver cirrhosis although it can impact the clinical progress and outcomes. Untimely diagnosis and inappropriate antibiotic treatments are associated with poor prognosis and increased mortality. Current understanding of mechanisms and appropriate antibiotic treatments for cirrhosis-related bacterial pneumonia remain inadequate. Herein, we reviewed the epidemiology, clinical characteristics and treatment of pulmonary bacterial infections in cirrhotic patients to provide suggestions for clinical practice.