Abstract A032: Antitumor activities of different RIG-I agonists in a murine model of kidney adenocarcinoma
Authors: Gulyás Dominik , Lőrincz Márta , Jankovics István , Dénes Béla , Földi Dóra , Rodgers Rhiannon , Commins Katie , Andócs Gábor , Kovács Gábor 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Purpose: Activation of retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) signaling induces tumor cell apoptosis and enhances NK, dendritic, and effector T cell activity. We applied two distinct RIG-I agonists: purified influenza virus RNA (IV RNA) in combination with an agonistic OX40 receptor-specific monoclonal antibody (anti-OX40) and a 3p-hpRNA (5' triphosphate hairpin RNA) combined with unmethylated CpG oligonucleotide (CpG). We also investigated the CpG and anti-OX40 combination. The study aimed to establish the efficacy of these compounds in a murine model of kidney adenocarcinoma (Renca).
Methods: Renca cells were subcutaneously engrafted in 40 BALB/c mice. The animals were allocated into three treatment groups and a control group. Intratumoral administration of specific adjuvant combinations was carried out thrice as follows: Group 1: CpG+anti-OX40, Group 2: CpG+3p-hpRNA, Group 3: IV RNA+anti-OX40, and Group 4: PBS. Daily monitoring encompassed assessment of primary tumor sizes and physiological parameters. Deceased mice underwent dissection, and histological evaluations were performed. Treatment efficacy was ascertained based on tumor growth, distant metastases' occurrence, and cytokine levels' alterations. Statistical analysis was conducted, with p-values&lt;0.05 considered statistically significant.
Results: On day 38 post-implantation, the survival rates for the various groups were as follows: Group 4: 20%, Group 1: 70% (sig), Group 2: 50% (ns), and Group 3: 60% (sig). Measurements of primary tumor sizes were conducted following the final treatment on day 17 and subsequently every seven days until day 38. On day 17, no significant disparities in primary tumor sizes were observed between Groups 1, 2, 3, and 4. However, on day 24, Groups 1, 2, and 3; on day 31, Groups 1 and 2 exhibited significantly smaller primary tumors than Group 4. By day 38, no significant differences in tumor sizes were evident among the groups. Notably, discernible variations in primary tumor characteristics were observed: Groups 1, 2, and 3 demonstrated incipient demarcation, whereas Group 4 exhibited diffuse primary tumors accompanied by necrosis. Concerning metastatic development, the results are currently under evaluation and will be available for presentation at the conference, alongside the outcomes of cytokine ELISA tests.
Discussion: After concluding the experiment, we deem the treatments to hold considerable promise. Notably, while the treatment effects were sustained, tangible outcomes were achieved: prolonged survival of the mice, reduction in primary tumor sizes, and mitigated metastatic formation. However, following the final treatment, there was a notable decline in the animals' overall quality of life. Consequently, we decided to terminate the experiment. In light of our findings, we ascertain that the treatments serve as a solid foundation for further exploration. By modifying the composition of the treatment cocktails and adjusting the treatment frequency, there exists the potential for further enhancement of the achieved results.
Citation Format: Dominik Gulyás, Márta Lőrincz, István Jankovics, Béla Dénes, Dóra Földi, Rhiannon Rodgers, Katie Commins, Gábor Andócs, Gábor Kovács. Antitumor activities of different RIG-I agonists in a murine model of kidney adenocarcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference in Cancer Research: Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2023 Oct 1-4; Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2023;11(12 Suppl):Abstract nr A032.