bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cover Picture: Macromol. Rapid Commun. 23/2004
Authors: Furuhashi Yukiko , Nakayama Atsushi , Monno Teruo , Kawahara Yutaka , Yamane Hideki , Kimura Yoshiharu , Iwata Tadahisa 
Published: November 2004

Cover: The picture on the cover shows a lozenge‐shaped lamellar crystal of poly‐(p‐dioxanone) (PPDX) crystallized isothermally from 1,4‐butanediol dilute solution. The lozenge‐shaped lamellar crystal shows a well‐resolved electron diffraction pattern as an inset. The fiber X‐ray diffraction pattern indicates that PPDX crystallizes in a 21 helix conformation. PPDX is currently of interest for medical devices and pharmaceutical applications not only because of its biodegradability and bioabsorbability, but also because of its processability.Further details can be found in the Communication by Y. Furuhashi, A. Nakayama, T. Monno, Y. Kawahara, H. Yamane,* Y. Kimura, and T. Iwata on page 1943.
Transcriptional activation of the membrane‐bound progesterone receptor (mPR) by dioxin, in endocrine‐responsive tissues
Authors: Selmin Ornella , Thorne Patricia A. , Blachere Francoise M. , Johnson Paula D. , Romagnolo Donato F. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractWe originally identified the membrane‐bound progesterone receptor (mPR) using a screening for genes differentially expressed in liver of rats exposed to dioxin. Recent findings have suggested a role for the mPR in sperm cells, ovary, and brain; however, its mechanisms of action are largely unknown. In this study, we examined the expression pattern of the mPR in liver of rats exposed to dioxin and identified possible mechanisms of its regulation. We observed that mPR expression was induced by dioxin, but was also dependent on the hormonal responsiveness of the tissue. In particular, in male, but not female liver, dioxin induced the expression of the mPR. However, in control, untreated female liver the level of mPR transcript was higher than in control males. Moreover, in breast cancer cells MCF‐7 dioxin induced mPR expression. Promoter studies using the luciferase assay indicated that a fragment of ∼350 bp of the mPR promoter was able to induce luciferase activity in the presence of dioxin, suggesting that the presumptive XREs sites contained in this mPR promoter region are responsive to dioxin. Analysis of mPR protein level confirmed the results observed at the RNA level, both in rat liver and MCF‐7 cells. Taken together, these observations suggest the existence of a novel cross‐talk between steroid and aromatic hydrocarbon receptors (AhR), and underline the importance of the mPR as a mediator of physiologic effects of the sex hormones. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 70: 166–174, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chromatin organization and basic nuclear proteins in the male germ cells of Rana tigerina
Authors: Manochantr Sirikul , Sretarugsa Prapee , Chavadej jittipan , Sobhon Prasert 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe process of chromatin condensation during spermiogenesis in Rana tigerina is similar to the heterochromatization in somatic cells, where 30 nm fibers are coalesced together into a dense mass in spermatozoa without changing their initial size and nucleosomal organization. This conclusion was supported by the finding that the full set of core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, H4) are still present in sperm chromatin, but histone H1 is replaced by its variant, H1V. Rabbit anti‐sera were raised against histone H3, H1, H1V, and H5 (H1 variant in chick erythrocyte). Anti‐histone H1 antiserum cross‐reacted with histone H1V, which implied the presence of a common epitope. Anti‐histone H1V and H5 also showed cross‐reaction with each other but not with histone H1, which implied the presence of a common epitope not shared by histone H1. Immunocytochemical studies, using the above antibodies as probes, showed that histones H3 is present in all steps of spermatogenic and spermiogenic cells, and somatic cells including red blood cells, Sertoli cells, and Leydig cells, while histone H1 is present in all of the cells mentioned except in spermatozoa where it is replaced by histone H1V. Histone H1V appears in the early spermatids starting from spermatid 1 (St1), and it persists throughout the course of spermatid differentiation into spermatozoa. Histone H1V is also found in chromosomes of metaphase spermatocyte and red blood cells. Thus histone H1V may cause the final and complete condensation of chromatin in Rana spermatozoa, a process which is similar to the heterochromatization occurring in somatic cells such as metaphase chromosome and chick erythrocyte nucleus. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 70: 184–197, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Participation of the nonreducing terminal β‐galactosyl residues of the neutral N‐linked carbohydrate chains of porcine zona pellucida glycoproteins in sperm–egg binding
Authors: Yonezawa N. , Amari S. , Takahashi K. , Ikeda K. , Imai F.L. , Kanai S. , Kikuchi K. , Nakano M. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe zona pellucida (ZP) surrounding the mammalian oocyte is composed of three glycoprotein components (ZPA, ZPB, and ZPC). Mammalian sperm bind to carbohydrate chains of a ZP glycoprotein in the initial phase of fertilization. Sperm‐ligand carbohydrate chains have been characterized in mouse, cow, and pig. In pigs, triantennary/tetraantennary neutral complex‐type chains from ZPB/ZPC mixture possess stronger sperm‐binding activity than those of biantennary chains (Kudo et al., 1998: Eur J Biochem 252:492–499). Most of these oligosaccharides have β‐galactosyl residues at the nonreducing ends. This study used two in vitro competition assays to investigate the participation of the nonreducing terminal β‐galactosyl residues of the ligand active chains in porcine sperm binding. The removal of the nonreducing terminal β‐galactosyl residues from either the ligand active carbohydrate chains or endo‐β‐galactosidase‐digested glycoproteins significantly reduced their inhibition of sperm–egg binding, indicating that the β‐galactosyl residues at the nonreducing ends are involved in porcine sperm–egg binding. A correlation between the sperm‐binding activity and in vitro fertilization rate is also presented. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 70: 222–227, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A network flow algorithm to minimize beam‐on time for unconstrained multileaf collimator problems in cancer radiation therapy
Authors: Ahuja Ravindra K. , Hamacher Horst W. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractIn this article, we study the modulation of intensity matrices arising in cancer radiation therapy using multileaf collimators. This problem can be formulated by decomposing a given m × n integer matrix into a positive linear combination of (0, 1) matrices with the strict consecutive 1's property in rows. We consider a special case in which no technical constraints have to be taken into account. In this situation, the rows of the intensity matrix are independent of each other and the problem is equivalent to decomposing m intensity rows—independent of each other—into positive linear combinations of (0, 1) rows with the consecutive 1's property. We demonstrate that this problem can be transformed into a minimum cost flow problem in a directed network that has the following special structures: (1) the network is acyclic; (2) it is a complete graph (that is, there is an arc (i, j) whenever i < j); (3) each arc cost is 1; and (4) each arc is uncapacitated (that is, it has infinite capacity). We show that using this special structure, the minimum cost flow problem can be solved in O(n) time. Because we need to solve m such problems, the total running time of our algorithm is O(nm), which is an optimal algorithm to decompose a given m × n integer matrix into a positive linear combination of (0, 1) matrices. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, Vol. 45(1), 36–41 2005
Polypropylene reactor mixture obtained with homogeneous and supported catalysts
Authors: Bastos Queli Cruz , Marques Maria De Fátima Vieira 
Published: November 2004

AbstractPropylene polymerizations were performed with homogeneous ϕ2C(Flu)(Cp)ZrCl2 and SiMe2(Ind)2ZrCl2 catalyst mixtures and with mixtures supported on the zeolite acid mordenite. The polymerizations were performed in toluene and hexane/triisobutylaluminum at different temperatures and Al(MAO)/Zr concentration ratios. The effects of these variables on the catalyst activity were investigated with statistical experimental planning. The average molecular weights, molecular weight distributions, melting temperatures, and crystallinities of the obtained polymers were examined. The results showed lower activities for the homogeneous catalyst mixture than for the isolated systems. On the other hand, high activities were obtained for the syndiospecific heterogeneous system, but very low values were obtained for the supported isospecific metallocene, although both catalysts were prepared under the same conditions. The supported binary system showed intermediary catalyst activity in comparison with the syndiospecific and isospecific supported catalysts. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 263–272, 2005
Sizing of throttling device for gas/liquid two‐phase flow part 1: Safety valves
Authors: Diener Ralf , Schmidt Jürgen 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe calculation of the mass flow rate through throttling devices is difficult when handling two‐phase flow, especially when boiling liquids flow into these fittings. Safety valves are typically oversized by a significant extent, if sizing methods like the ω‐method (originally developed by J. Leung), are used in case of low‐quality inlet flow. Within this method the boiling delay of the liquid and the influence of the boiling delay on the mass flow rate are not considered. In this paper the HNE‐DS model is proposed, where the compressibility coefficient ω is extended by adding a boiling delay coefficient. It includes the degree of thermodynamic nonequilibrium at the start of the nucleation of small mass fractions of vapor upstream of the fitting.In Part 1 the sizing of safety valves is described. Additionally, the derivation of the HNE‐DS method is given in detail. Part 2 considers the mass flow rate through short nozzles, orifices, and control valves. The HNE‐DS model can be used for all those fittings. A comparison with experimental results on safety valves with steam/water and air/water flow has emphasized the excellent accuracy of the new model. © 2004 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2004
Naturkatastrophen und Klimaänderung — und ihre Folgen für die Versicherungswirtschaft
Authors: Berz Gerhard 
Published: November 2004

AbstractDie Schadenbelastungen aus Naturkatastrophen haben gerade in den letzten Jahren — und gerade für die Versicherungswirtschaft — dramatische Ausmaße angenommen. Der Vergleich der letzten 10 Jahre mit den 60er Jahren zeigt: Die volkswirtschaftlichen Schäden sind auf das Siebenfache, die versicherten sogar auf das fast Vierzehnfache hochgeschnellt (vgl. Abb. 1). Wobei sich diese Angaben auf so genannte „große”︁ Naturkatastrophen beziehen. In Anlehnung an Definitionen der Vereinten Nationen werden Naturkatastrophen als „groß”︁ bezeichnet, wenn die Selbsthilfefähigkeit der betroffenen Regionen deutlich überschritten wird und überregionale oder internationale Hilfe erforderlich ist.
SEM and RBS characterization of a cobalt‐based conversion coating process on AA2024‐T3 and AA7075‐T6
Authors: Hughes A. E. , Gorman J. , Harvey T. G. , McCulloch D. , Toh S. K. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractSamples of aluminium alloys AA2024‐T3 and AA7075‐T6 were treated with a chromate‐based deoxidizer, then conversion coated with a commercial cobalt‐based solution and finally sealed with a commercial vanadate‐based product. The alloy specimens were examined using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy. The thickness of the cobalt‐based conversion coating increased rapidly up to 5 min of immersion but more slowly for longer times. Sealing resulted in penetration of vanadium through the oxide and a small increase in thickness due to the deposition of a thin sealing coating within the pores and on the external surface of the cobalt‐containing coating. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of cathodic film formed during reduction of chromic acid: role of sulphuric acid concentration
Authors: Van Parys Heidi , Maes Tom , Le Pen Christophe , Franquet Alexis , Hubin Annick 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe surface composition of chromium, electrodeposited from a chromic acid solution with different amounts of sulphuric acid, has been investigated by means of Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES) and X‐ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). The quantity of sulphuric acid is a critical parameter in order to form metallic chromium instead of a non‐reducible chromium (III) oxide layer. The intermediate cathodic film formed on the electrode before the metallic chromium deposition has been investigated and XPS measurements have shown that a chromium oxide film is formed whatever the sulphuric acid concentration. However, in the presence of sufficient amounts of sulphate, this oxide is dissolved or the layer is broken down, giving rise to a free steel surface where the reduction of chromate ions into metallic chromium can take place. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantitative analysis of angle‐resolved XPS spectra recorded in parallel data acquisition mode
Authors: Vinodh M. S. , Jeurgens L. P. H. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe effects of anisotropy of the photoionization cross‐section and elastic scattering of photoelectrons in solids are investigated for angle‐resolved XPS spectra (ARXPS) recorded from α–Al2O3 substrate in parallel data acquisition mode. It is shown that for quantitative analysis of ARXPS spectra recorded in parallel data acquisition mode it is essential to account for the anisotropies of the photoionization cross‐sections of the detected photoelectrons for the concerned elements in the solid due to variation of the angle between the incident x‐rays and the detected photoelectrons. Neglecting the effect of elastic scattering only leads to minor errors in quantitative analysis of the ARXPS spectra. By adopting experimentally determined values for the relative sensitivity factors of the concerned photoelectrons in the solid as a function of the detection angle, cumbersome corrections for the effects of anisotropy of the photoionization cross‐section and elastic scattering can be avoided. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adjusting for partially missing baseline measurements in randomized trials
Authors: White Ian R. , Thompson Simon G. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractAdjustment for baseline variables in a randomized trial can increase power to detect a treatment effect. However, when baseline data are partly missing, analysis of complete cases is inefficient. We consider various possible improvements in the case of normally distributed baseline and outcome variables. Joint modelling of baseline and outcome is the most efficient method. Mean imputation is an excellent alternative, subject to three conditions. Firstly, if baseline and outcome are correlated more than about 0.6 then weighting should be used to allow for the greater information from complete cases. Secondly, imputation should be carried out in a deterministic way, using other baseline variables if possible, but not using randomized arm or outcome. Thirdly, if baselines are not missing completely at random, then a dummy variable for missingness should be included as a covariate (the missing indicator method). The methods are illustrated in a randomized trial in community psychiatry. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estimating the growth rates of primary lung tumours from samples with missing measurements
Authors: Gorlova Olga , Peng Bo , Yankelevitz David , Henschke Claudia , Kimmel Marek 
Published: November 2004

AbstractA method to estimate the population variability in tumour growth rate using incomplete data was developed. We assume exponential growth and lognormal distribution for the parameter of the growth curve. Estimates of growth rate obtained based on the cases with two measurements, one of which is obtained retrospectively, are biased towards lower growth rate. For the data sets where two measurements are available for some tumours and only one measurement for others (which means that no tumour was seen in retrospect for those cases), several approaches were developed that can eliminate or substantially reduce the bias. The relative error of the best estimates, as assessed by simulation, rarely exceeds 20 per cent. We found that the results of application of our estimation procedures to chest X‐ray screening data agree well with the expectations. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of hourly wind power variations on the system operation in the Nordic countries
Authors: Holttinen Hannele 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe variations of wind power production will increase the flexibility needed in the system when significant amounts of load are covered by wind power. When studying the incremental effects that varying wind power production imposes on the power system, it is important to study the system as a whole: only the net imbalances have to be balanced by the system. Large geographical spreading of wind power will reduce variability, increase predictability and decrease the occasions with near zero or peak output. The goal of this work was to estimate the increase in hourly load‐following reserve requirements based on real wind power production and synchronous hourly load data in the four Nordic countries. The result is an increasing effect on reserve requirements with increasing wind power penetration. At a 10% penetration level (wind power production of gross demand) this is estimated as 1·5%–4% of installed wind capacity, taking into account that load variations are more predictable than wind power variations. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cultures in Contact
Authors: Gabaccia Donna , Moch Leslie Page , Borges Marcelo J. , Iacovetta Franca , Hsu Madeline Y. , Manning Patrick , Lucassen Leo , Hoerder Dirk 
Published: November 2004

In 2002, Dirk Hoerder published his magnum opus, Cultures in Contact: World Migrations in the Second Millennium (Durham, NC, 2002). In this book, Hoerder describes and analyses, with an unusual breadth of scope, the origins, causes, and extent of human migration around the globe from the eleventh century onward to the present day, paying particular attention to the impact migrations have had in the receiving countries and the cultural interactions they have triggered. At the 28th Annual Meeting of the American Social Science History Association, organized in November 2003 in Baltimore, Dirk Hoerder's book was the winner of the Allan Sharlin Memorial Award for the best book in social science history. In this review symposium, seven migration scholars from differing national and cultural backgrounds give their comments on Hoerder's book, with a concluding response by Dirk Hoerder.
Heat Shock Protein‐27 Is Upregulated in the Temporal Cortex of Patients with Epilepsy
Authors: Bidmon Hans‐J , Görg Boris , Palomero‐Gallagher Nicola , Behne Friedrich , Lahl Rainer , Pannek Hans W. , Speckmann Erwin‐J , Zilles Karl 
Published: November 2004

Summary:  Purpose: Heat shock protein‐27 (HSP‐27) belongs to the group of small heat shock proteins that become induced in response to various pathologic conditions. HSP‐27 has been shown to protect cells and subcellular structures, particularly mitochondria, and serves as a carrier for estradiol. It is a reliable marker for tissues affected by oxidative stress. Oxidative stress and related cellular defence mechanisms are currently thought to play a major role during experimentally induced epileptic neuropathology. We addressed the question whether HSP‐27 becomes induced in the neocortex resected from patients with pharmacoresistant epilepsy. Methods: Human epileptic temporal neocortex was obtained during neurosurgery, and control tissue was obtained at autopsy from subjects without known neurologic diseases. The tissues were either frozen for Western blot analysis or fixed in Zamboni's fixative for the topographic detection of HSP‐27 at the cellular level by means of immunohistochemistry. Results: HSP‐27 was highly expressed in all epilepsy specimens and in the cortex of a patient who died in the final stage of multiple sclerosis (positive control), whereas only low amounts of HSP‐27 were detectable in control brains. In epilepsy patients, HSP‐27 was present in astrocytes and in the walls of blood vessels. The intracortical distribution patterns varied strongly among the epilepsy specimens. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that HSP‐27 becomes induced in response to epileptic pathology. Although the functional aspects of HSP‐27 induction during human epilepsy have yet to be elucidated, it can be concluded that HSP‐27 is a marker for cortical regions in which a stress response has been caused by seizures.
Progestins in the Hippocampus of Female Rats Have Antiseizure Effects in a Pentylenetetrazole Seizure Model
Authors: Rhodes Madeline E. , Frye Cheryl A. 
Published: November 2004

Summary:  Purpose: Progestins can have profound effects on seizure processes. However, the effects and mechanisms of progestins to modulate seizures have not been systematically investigated. The present studies were designed to characterize the effects of progestins to modulate pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)‐induced seizures in female rats. Methods: In Experiment 1, ictal activity and plasma and hippocampal progesterone (P) and 5α‐pregnan‐3α‐ol‐20‐one (3α,5α‐THP) levels of proestrous rats were compared with those of diestrous and ovariectomized (ovx) rats. Experiments 2 and 3 examined effects of ovx and replacement with vehicle, P, or 3α,5α‐THP, systemically (Experiment 2) or to the hippocampus (Experiment 3) on seizures and plasma and hippocampal P and 3α,5α‐THP concentrations. Results: Proestrous rats had reduced ictal activity and increased levels of P and 3α,5α‐THP in plasma and hippocampus compared with diestrous or ovx rats (Experiment 1). Rats administered systemic P or 3α,5α‐THP had significantly reduced ictal activity and increased plasma and hippocampal P and 3α,5α‐THP levels compared with vehicle‐administered rats (Experiment 2). Administration of P or 3α,5α‐THP to the hippocampus of ovx rats significantly reduced seizure activity and increased hippocampal, but not plasma, levels of P and 3α,5α‐THP compared with vehicle administration (Experiment 3). Conclusions: Together, these data suggest that P can have antiseizure effects, and these effects may be due in part to actions of its metabolite, 3α,5α‐THP, in the hippocampus.