bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sosialisasi Tentang Period After Opening (PAO) Dan Penyimpanan Kosmetik
Authors: Tambunan Ika Julianti , Nerdy Nerdy , Margatha Linda , Mistriyanto Pravil , Fujiko Muflihah , Tanjung Oppie Meisya 
Published: February 2024

Abstrak
Penggunaan kosmetik perawatan pada remaja menjadi kondisi yang awam pada masa kini. Akan tetapi informasi tentang kadaluarasa atau period after opening (PAO) belum banyak diketahui. Period After Opening (PAO) ialah tenggang durasi pemakaian kosmetik sesudah sampul dibuka. Informasi mengenai PAO berlainan atas tanggal kadaluarsa produk kosmetik. Sosialisasi dilakukan pada anak-anak SMA Dharma Pancasila Medan pada tanggal 16 November 2023. Tujuan aksi ini untuk membagikan wawasan kepada para remaja tentang PAO. Sosialisasi terdiri dari beberapa agenda yaitu dengan melakukan ceramah materi, pembagian brosur dan tanya jawab dilanjutkan dengan berbagi hadiah setelah sosialisasi. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat yang dilaksanakan kepada remaja ternyata banyakyang belum memiliki wawasan tentang period after opening (PAO) dan penyimpanan kosmetik yang tepat dan aman.
Sosialisasi Penerapan Teknik Relaksasi Benson Pada Siswa Smk Kesehatan Swasta Imelda Tahun 2023
Authors: Kaban Ani Rahmadhani 
Published: February 2024

Telah dilakukan penyuluhan kepada masyarakat di SMK Kesehatan Imelda Medan terkait sosialisasi penerapan teknik relaksasi benson. Teknik relaksasi benson dapat dilakukan dapat bersifat respiratori yaitu dengan mengatur aktivitas bernafas atau bersifat otot. Teknik relaksasi yang digunakan merupakan teknik relaksasi benson untuk merilekskan semua anggota tubuh pikiran untuk menerima semua pembelajaran Penyuluhan dilakukan secara langsung dengan mendatangi sekolah tersebut dengan sasaran siswa/I kelas 12 SMK Kesehatan Imelda. Adapun tim yang tergabung atas para dosen dan mahasiswa dengan tekni ceramah secara lansung didalam kelas didukung dengan leaflet. Setelah n siswa/I mendapatkan informasi terkaitsosialisasi penerapan teknik relaksasi benson. Evaluasi dilakukan berdasarkan tanya jawab yang diberikan kepada semuasiswa/I yang mengikuti penyuluhan. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan bahwa, rata-rata siswa sudah mengetahui manfaat penerapan teknik relaksasi benson, sehingga dengan adanya penyuluhan ini maka siswa/I mendapat mempraktekkan di sekolah untuk merileksan semua pikiran sehingga tidak menimbulkan kecemasan dan stress pada masa pembelajaran
ANALISIS FRAUD DIAMOND DALAM MENDETEKSI FRAUDULENT FINANCIAL STATEMENT
Authors: Firnanda Mahira , Pohan Hotman Tohir 
Published: February 2024

This study aims to analyze fraud diamonds in detecting fraudulent financial statements. This research was conducted using quantitative methods. In this study, the population was taken from banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2018-2020. The type of data used in this study is secondary data, where this data comes from the company's financial statements. This study also used a purposive sampling method in selecting the sample and produced 41 banking companies over a period of 3 years with a total of 123 observed data samples. The analysis technique used by the authors in this research is the classical assumption test, and multiple linear regression tests. The test results in this study show that Financial Stability and Directors Change had no effect on Fraudulent Financial Statements, External Pressure and Ineffective Monitoring had negative effect on Fraudulent Financial Statements. Meanwhile, Financial Targets had a positive effect on Fraudulent Financial Statements.
حمـــاية الـــغير (فكرتها وحدودها) في ضوء قانون المرافعات الليبي دراسة تحليلية مقارنة
Authors: محمد أ.محمود بالحسن 
Published: February 2024

تقوم فكرة الحماية على أن الغير لا بد له من تواجد في الخصومة القائمة إذا كانت تمس مصالحه، أما إذا لم يكن يعلم بهذه الخصومة حتى صدور الحكم، أو كان طرفاً فيها ولكن الحكم صدر بناء على غش ممثله أو تواطؤه أو إهماله الجسيم وأدى هذا الحكم إلى المساس بحقوقه، كان له سلوك طريق الاعتراض لتعديل الحكم أو إلغائه.
وفكرة تواجد الغير بالخصومة أو تمكينه من الاعتراض على الحكم الصادر فيها، بدلا من تجاهل أثارها، أوجدتها اعتبارات عملية، هي وحدة المصالح المشتركة بين الخصوم والغير، أو وحدة المراكز القانونية وتشابكها، أو الأعباء المحتملة التي سيتحملها الغير فيما لو صدر حكم في مثل هذه الخصومة، ومن ضمنها رفع دعوى مستقلة وما يترتب على ذلك من نتائج كتناقض الأحكام.
غير أن هذه الحماية التي قررها المشرع للغير ليست مطلقة، بل مقيدة بحدود معينة لا يجوز تجاوزها. فإذا كانت ضرورة حماية الغير تقتضيها مبادئ العدالة، فان هذه المبادئ نفسها تقتضي ألاّ تكون حماية الغير على حساب مصلحة الخصوم، أو المصلحة العامة. فمثلاً قد يكون هدف الغير من التدخل في الخصومة الكيد بأحد الخصوم أو كلهما، أو بهدف تعقيد الإجراءات، لذلك قيد المشرع حماية الغير بوجود مصلحة للغير تتطلب الحماية.
أما إذا كانت الخصومة تتطلب المحافظة على سرية المنازعة، فلا يجوز للغير التدخل في الخصومة مراعاة لسريتها كتعلقها بأهلية الخصوم أو حالتهم المدنية، لذلك لا يجوز لغير هؤلاء التدخل في الخصومة.
كذلك لا يجوز أن تكون حماية الغير على حساب المصلحة العامة، أي يجب أن لا تكون حماية الغير وسيلة لإطالة أمد النزاع أو تأخير الفصل فيه، لذلك قيد المشرع الغير بمدة معينة يجب أن تتم خلالها مباشرة وسيلة الحماية. كما أن المشرع لم يترك للغير التدخل في الخصومة وقتما شاء، فأجاز للمحكمة أن تأمر بإدخال الغير جبراً عنه إذا رأت مصلحة لذلك.
وهذه القيود على مبدأ حماية الغير حرص من خلالها المشرع على استقرار الحقوق والمراكز القانونية الناتجة عن الأحكام، وكذلك الموازنة بين مصالح الخصوم ومصلحة الغير.
مدى معرفة معلمي الشق الأول من التعليم الأساسي باضطراب تشتت الانتباه وفرط الحركة لدى التلاميذ
Authors: عمر أ. خالد الناجي , الطيرة أ. فاطمة عبدالله ميلاد 
Published: February 2024

تهدف الدراسة إلى الكشف عن مدى معرفة معلمي الشق الأول من مرحلة التعليم الأساسي باضطراب تشتت الانتباه وفرط الحركة لدي تلاميذ الشق الأول من التعليم الأساسي، وتهدف أيضا إلى معرفة الفروق في درجة معرفة المعلمين لاضطراب تشتت الانتباه وفرط الحركة وفقا للمتغيرات (النوع , المؤهل العلمي ,الخبرة التدريسية ) . تكون مجتمع الدراسة من معلمي الشق الأول من التعليم الأساسي في المدارس العامة بمدينة المرج والبالغ عددهم (2100 ) معلم ومعلمة تم اختيار العينة باستخدام طريقة العينة العشوائية وبلغت(280) . واستخدمت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي لتحقيق أهداف الدراسة . أما عن أداة الدراسة فقد استخدم مقياس من إعداد ممادي وأبي ميلود (2012) من نوع الخماسي الذي يضم (30) فقرة موزعة على ثلاث أبعاد (معرفة المعلمين بالخصائص العامة للاضطراب -معرفة المعلمين بالمدخل الطبي -معرفة المعلمين بالمدخل التربوي ) وتم استخراج معاملات الصدق والثبات للتأكد من صلاحية أداة الدراسة . وقد جاءت جميع المعاملات دالة إحصائيا ولتحليل النتائج استخدم الباحثان اختبار(t) لعينة واحدة واختبار (t) للعينتين مستقلتين والانحراف المعياري والمتوسط الحسابي وذلك من خلال برنامج الحزمة الإحصائية الاجتماعية (spss) .أظهرت النتائج أن معرفة معلمي الشق الأول من مرحلة التعليم الأساسي باضطراب تشتت الانتباه وفرط الحركة كان مرتفعاَ كما أظهرت النتائج أيضا وجود فروق حسب متغير النوع لصالح الذكور ,كما أظهرت النتائج أيضا أن هناك فروقاً تعزي لمتغير الخبرة التدريسية لصالح أكثر من عشر سنوات في معرفتهم باضطراب تشتت الانتباه وفرط الحركة أما متغير المؤهل العلمي فقد أظهرت النتائج وجود فروق معنوية لصالح الليسانس .
Implementación de un sistema de instrucción personalizada con estudiantes sobresalientes de nivel básico
Authors: Soler Gómez Paulo César , Castañeda Mota María Marcela , Zacatelco Ramírez Fabiola 
Published: February 2024

En el presente estudio, se exponen los elementos teóricos considerados en el estudio de los niños con aptitudes sobresalientes en el campo de la Educación Inclusiva. La fundamentaciones de investigación, teóricas, metodológicas y sociales se encuentran derivadas principalmente del Sistemismo de Bunge (2003) como una visión de campo que permite derivar metodologías, con una diversidad de intervenciones dentro de un campo coherente y científico. Asimismo, se considera a Renzulli (1978) en el estudio de los estudiantes con aptitudes sobresalientes, teniendo en cuenta a su vez las propuestas sobre competencias complejas de Morín (2003). De tal forma, se implementó en tres niños indicados por sus docentes con calificaciones de 9 y 10 de tercer grado de primaria, un programa de Sistema de Instrucción Personalizada (SIP) desarrollado inicialmente por Fred S. Keller (1968), para su intervención. Primeramente se evaluaron las competencias complejas que los caracterizan; y posteriormente pasaron al programa SIP, considerando el avance a su propio ritmo de aprendizaje, de forma presencial y en un ambiente digital, lo cual significa una innovación en el campo de la educación inclusiva. Los resultados de este estudio fueron analizados con la prueba de los rangos con signo de Wilcoxon, con la que se dedujo una W = 21 con un n s/r = 6 para obtener valor de significancia de 0.024, con lo que fue posible comprobar la hipótesis del estudio del estudio respevto a la eficacia del Sistema de Instrucción Personalizada en la atención de esta población, favoreciendo el desarrollo de las competencias que les caracterizan, ofreciendo una alternativa inclusiva dentro de su propio entorno escolar.
Falla Renal en Pacientes con Malaria: Impacto en Latinoamérica
Authors: Díaz Díaz José Luis , Rojas Jimenez Ronald Fernando , Quessep Mendoza William Alejandro , Chacón Guerra Marco Antonio , Barrera Beltran Sebastian Salvador , Palomino Castellano María Nevis , Sanabria diaz Melissa , Maradey Ballestas Christian Javier , Benavides Raillo Juan Sebastian 
Published: February 2024

La malaria es una de las principales causas de morbilidad y mortalidad en muchos países tropicales en desarrollo. Se trata de una enfermedad transmitida por un protozoo perteneciente al género Plasmodium cuyas 4 especies: P. falciparum, P. vivax, P.ovale y P. malariae son infectantes para el ser humano. Una vez ingresa al organismo puede pasar desapercibido, sin embargo, en otros casos tiene la capacidad de provocar manifestaciones notorias como la fiebre, cefalea, vómitos y dolor muscular. En los casos más graves puede desencadenar anemia grave, edema pulmonar, distrés respiratorio agudo e incluso insuficiencia renal aguda. En Latinoamérica , esta última complicación ha sido motivo de aumentos de costos y largas estancias en UCI , por lo que se ha considerado que en países como Colombia , Panamá, Brasil, Uruguay, México, Ecuador, Venezuela y Cuba el paludismo impacta negativamente por la capacidad que tienen estos países de albergar al vector, promoviendo mayor transmisión de la enfermedad y ascenso en el número de muertes por la misma.
The AGORA High-resolution Galaxy Simulations Comparison Project. VI. Similarities and Differences in the Circumgalactic Medium
Authors: Strawn Clayton , Roca-Fàbrega Santi , Primack Joel R. , Kim Ji-hoon , Genina Anna , Hausammann Loic , Kim Hyeonyong , Lupi Alessandro , Nagamine Kentaro , Powell Johnny W. , Revaz Yves , Shimizu Ikkoh , Velázquez Héctor , Abel Tom , Ceverino Daniel , Dong Bili , Jung Minyong , Quinn Thomas R. , Shin Eun-jin , Barrow Kirk S. S. , Dekel Avishai , Oh Boon Kiat , Mandelker Nir , Teyssier Romain , Hummels Cameron , Maji Soumily , Man Antonio , Mayerhofer Paul ,   the AGORA Collaboration
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We analyze the circumgalactic medium (CGM) for eight commonly-used cosmological codes in the AGORA collaboration. The codes are calibrated to use identical initial conditions, cosmology, heating and cooling, and star formation thresholds, but each evolves with its own unique code architecture and stellar feedback implementation. Here, we analyze the results of these simulations in terms of the structure, composition, and phase dynamics of the CGM. We show properties such as metal distribution, ionization levels, and kinematics are effective tracers of the effects of the different code feedback and implementation methods, and as such they can be highly divergent between simulations. This is merely a fiducial set of models, against which we will in the future compare multiple feedback recipes for each code. Nevertheless, we find that the large parameter space these simulations establish can help disentangle the different variables that affect observable quantities in the CGM, e.g., showing that abundances for ions with higher ionization energy are more strongly determined by the simulation’s metallicity, while abundances for ions with lower ionization energy are more strongly determined by the gas density and temperature.
Simulating the Photospheric to Coronal Plasma Using Magnetohydrodynamic Characteristics. I. Data-driven Boundary Conditions
Authors: Tarr Lucas A. , Kee N. Dylan , Linton Mark G. , Schuck Peter W. , Leake James E. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We develop a general description of how information propagates through a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) system based on the method of characteristics and use that to formulate numerical boundary conditions that are intrinsically consistent with the MHD equations. Our formulation includes two major advances for simulations of the Sun. First, we derive data-driven boundary conditions that optimally match the state of the plasma inferred from a time series of observations of a boundary (e.g., the solar photosphere). Second, our method directly handles random noise and systematic bias in the observations, and finds a solution for the boundary evolution that is strictly consistent with MHD and maximally consistent with the observations. We validate the method against a Ground Truth (GT) simulation of an expanding spheromak. The data-driven simulation can reproduce the GT simulation above the photosphere with high fidelity when driven at high cadence. Errors progressively increase for lower driving cadence until a threshold cadence is reached and the driven simulation can no longer accurately reproduce the GT simulation. However, our characteristic formulation of the boundary conditions still requires adherence of the boundary evolution to the MHD equations even when the driven solution departs from the true solution in the driving layer. That increasing departure clearly indicates when additional information at the boundary is needed to fully specify the correct evolution of the system. The method functions even when no information about the evolution of some variables on the lower boundary is available, albeit with a further decrease in fidelity.
IL-15 Complex–Induced IL-10 Enhances Plasmodium-specific CD4+ T Follicular Helper Differentiation and Antibody Production
Authors: Bravo Morgan , Dileepan Thamotharampillai , Dolan Molly , Hildebrand Jacob , Wolford Jordan , Hanson Isabelle D , Hamilton Sara E , Frosch Anne E , Burrack Kristina S 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Malaria, which results from infection with Plasmodium parasites, remains a major public health problem. Although humans do not develop long-lived, sterilizing immunity, protection against symptomatic disease develops after repeated exposure to Plasmodium parasites and correlates with the acquisition of humoral immunity. Despite the established role Abs play in protection from malaria disease, dysregulated inflammation is thought to contribute to the suboptimal immune response to Plasmodium infection. Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbA) infection results in a fatal severe malaria disease in mice. We previously demonstrated that treatment of mice with IL-15 complex (IL-15C; IL-15 bound to an IL-15Rα–Fc fusion protein) induces IL-10 expression in NK cells, which protects mice from PbA-induced death. Using a novel MHC class II tetramer to identify PbA-specific CD4+ T cells, in this study we demonstrate that IL-15C treatment enhances T follicular helper (Tfh) differentiation and modulates cytokine production by CD4+ T cells. Moreover, genetic deletion of NK cell–derived IL-10 or IL-10R expression on T cells prevents IL-15C–induced Tfh differentiation. Additionally, IL-15C treatment results in increased anti-PbA IgG Ab levels and improves survival following reinfection. Overall, these data demonstrate that IL-15C treatment, via its induction of IL-10 from NK cells, modulates the dysregulated inflammation during Plasmodium infection to promote Tfh differentiation and Ab generation, correlating with improved survival from reinfection. These findings will facilitate improved control of malaria infection and protection from disease by informing therapeutic strategies and vaccine design.
Comparative study of recording intraocular pressure in adults by three different tonometers Goldmann applanation tonometer, noncontact tonometer, and tonopen
Authors: Manade Varsha V. , Kotecha Megha R. , Chodvadiya Surbhi A. , Ta Jhimli , Paranjpe Radhika R. 
Published: February 2024

Purpose
To compare and correlate the intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement obtained by Goldmann applanation tonometer (GAT), noncontact tonometer (NCT), and tonopen in normal and glaucomatous patients.

Patients and methods
A cross-sectional, observational, and comparative study was carried out. Two hundred eyes of 100 patients were screened, detailed history was taken, and thorough ocular examination was done. IOP was recorded using NCT (Keeler Pulsair), Tonopen (Tonopen XL), and GAT. Gonioscopy, optic disc examination, central corneal thickness, and visual field testing were done.

Results
The mean age of the study group was 53.25 years. Mean IOP by NCT was 19.20 mmHg, by GAT was 22.44 mmHg, and by tonopen was 19.33 mmHg. There was statistically significant difference between mean IOP with respect to method used (P<0.001). Forty-eight percent of eyes, 40% eyes, and 49% eyes had IOP less than 18 mmHg by NCT, GAT, and tonopen, respectively. In total, 35.5% eyes, 19.5% eyes, and 35.5% eyes had IOP ranging between 18 and 25 mmHg by NCT, GAT, and tonopen, respectively. In total, 16.5% eyes, 40.5% eyes, and 15.5% eyes had IOP more than 25 mmHg by NCT, GAT, and tonopen, respectively.

Conclusion
NCT and tonopen readings correlate well with GAT readings in physiologic IOP range up to 20 mmHg, but at higher IOP range they tend to underestimate IOP readings as compared with GAT. However, NCT and tonopen can be used for screening purpose as they are portable and easy to use.
Assessment of the radial peripapillary capillary plexus and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in diabetic patients in comparison to normal age-matched individuals
Authors: Farag Christina S.I. , El-Saied Heba M.A. , El-Mofty Hala M. , El-Mofty Randa M.A.M. 
Published: February 2024

Background
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major complication of diabetes, leading to vision impairment and blindness worldwide. As early detection is crucial, our study investigated the potential of radial peripapillary capillary plexus (RPCP) and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness as biomarkers for retinal assessment in diabetic patients.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study involving 48 participants, categorized into three groups: healthy controls, diabetic patients without DR (No DR), and patients with mild to moderate nonproliferative DR (NPDR). Vascular density (VD) and RNFL thickness were evaluated using optical coherence tomography (OCT), and OCT-Angiography (OCT-A).

Results
The study showed a significant difference in VD among the three groups. The mean whole image VD% in the control group was 51.28%, while the No DR and NPDR groups had mean percentages of 49.27% and 49.46%, respectively (P=0.015). These differences were also significant for peripapillary VD (P=0.003), superior-hemi VD (P=0.035), and inferior-hemi VD percentage (P=0.002). Conversely, there were no significant differences in RNFL thickness among the groups (P=0.138). In the NPDR group, positive correlations were found between RNFL thickness and VD percentages, including superior-hemi RNFL thickness and superior-hemi VD% (r=0.724, P<0.001), average whole RNFL thickness and whole image VD% (r=0.655, P<0.001), and average whole RNFL thickness and peripapillary VD% (r=0.647, P<0.001).

Conclusion
This research emphasizes the value of assessment of retinal VD thickness of the radial peripapillary plexus as an early indicator for preclinical diabetic retinal changes in diabetic patients.
Clinicodemographic Parameters and Outcomes in Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 Infection during the Third Wave in India: Is it the End of the Pandemic?
Authors: Malhotra Nipun , Gothi Dipti , Patro Mahismita , Kumar Rahul , Anand Shweta , Jain Anshul , Agarwal Sunil Kumar , Agarwal Mohit , Gupta Utkarsh 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
The patient data from the third wave of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in New Delhi caused by the Omicron variant in terms of severity of disease, incidental diagnosis, outcome, and effect of vaccination are relatively lacking. We set out to investigate the demographic and clinical parameters and outcomes of patients hospitalized with COVID-19, the differences between incidentally and symptomatically diagnosed patients, and the impact of vaccination on clinical manifestations and outcomes.

Methods:
The study was conducted at a non-COVID-19 dedicated tertiary care institute in India. The data with regard to presentation, vaccination, and outcome were collected prospectively.

Results:
A total of 101 patients were analyzed for the study. The mean age was 50.63 years with 46.53% women. No patient was of pediatric age. Respiratory failure was present in 26.73%. COVID-19 pneumonia was present in only 13.86%. There were 17 deaths. Only 4 deaths were caused by COVID-19 pneumonia. 60.4% of the patients were incidentally detected and 39.6% were symptomatically diagnosed. No incidentally detected patient had respiratory failure or COVID-19 pneumonia. Out of 101 patients, 66.34% were vaccinated and 33.66% were unvaccinated. Death occurred in 8.96% of vaccinated and 32.5% of unvaccinated patients. No vaccinated patient died due to COVID-19 pneumonia compared to 11.76% of unvaccinated patients.

Conclusion:
The Omicron wave had more patients admitted with incidentally detected COVID-19 than symptomatic individuals. These patients required in-hospital management of coexisting illnesses rather than for COVID-19. There were more deaths with non-COVID-19 causes. Vaccination appeared to be protective against severe COVID-19. Mortality was found to be lower in vaccinated individuals.
An Entropy Based Observational Study to Assess the Dosage of Propofol Required for Induction of Anaesthesia by Varying the Time Intervals between Fentanyl and Propofol Administration
Authors: Shivaram Chetan , Bhat Suresh , Santha Neeta 
Published: February 2024

Background:
Propofol is the preferred drug for the induction of anesthesia in many centers. However, its ubiquitous use is hampered by adverse effects. The rationale behind our study is to prove that whether the administration of an opioid drug before propofol induction, lowers the amount of propofol requirement for balanced anesthesia, and enhances hemodynamic stability.

Aim:
The present study intends to know the consequence of the differing time intervals between the administration of fentanyl and propofol on the dosage of propofol required to achieve induction of general anesthesia.

Methods:
In this observational study, 84 patients were included in the study. Patients who received propofol immediately after fentanyl injection were included in Group 1, whereas patients who received propofol at 3 min and 6 min after fentanyl injection, respectively, were grouped as Group 2 and Group 3. The total propofol required, the hemodynamic variations and the entropy values were recorded. SSPS version 25.09 (IBM) was used for statistical analysis.

Results:
In this study, it was observed that there was a significant reduction in propofol requirement in Group 2 and Group 3 compared with Group 1. The incidence of hypotension was seen in about 42.9% of Group 1 when compared to Group 2 and 3, which was 28.6% and 17.8%, respectively. Furthermore, the entropy values in Group 3 were initially higher and later were comparable in all the groups.

Conclusion:
Our study concluded that as the duration between the administration of propofol and fentanyl increases, the hemodynamic stability also increases and there is no variation in the depth of anesthesia attained in the distinct study population.