bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding the relative importance of magnetic field, gravity, and turbulence in star formation at the hub of the giant molecular cloud G148.24+00.41
Authors: Rawat Vineet , Samal M R , Eswaraiah Chakali , Wang Jia-Wei , Elia Davide , Panigrahy Sandhyarani , Zavagno A , Yadav R K , Walker D L , Jose J , Ojha D K , Zhang C P , Dutta S 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
The relative importance of magnetic fields, turbulence, and gravity in the early phases of star formation is still not well understood. We report the first high-resolution dust polarization observations at 850 $\mu$m around the most massive clump, located at the hub of the Giant Molecular Cloud G148.24+00.41, using SCUBA-2/POL-2 at the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope. We find that the degree of polarization decreases steadily towards the denser portion of the cloud. Comparing the intensity gradients and local gravity with the magnetic field orientations, we find that local gravity plays a dominant role in driving the gas collapse as the magnetic field orientations and gravity vectors seem to point towards the dense clumps. We also find evidence of U-shaped magnetic field morphology towards a small-scale elongated structure associated with the central clump, hinting at converging accretion flows towards the clump. Our observation has resolved the massive clump into multiple substructures. We study the magnetic field properties of two regions, central clump (CC) and northeastern elongated structure (NES). Using the modified Davis–Chandrasekhar–Fermi method, we determine that the magnetic field strengths of CC and NES are ∼24.0 ± 6.0 $\mu$G and 20.0 ± 5.0 $\mu$G, respectively. The mass-to-flux ratios are found to be magnetically transcritical/supercritical, while the Alfv$\acute{\text{e}}$n Mach number indicates a trans-Alfv$\acute{\text{e}}$nic state in both regions. These results, along with Virial analysis, suggest that at the hub of G148.24+00.41, gravitational energy has an edge over magnetic and kinetic energies.
Use of a Home-Based, Commercial Exercise Platform to Remotely Monitor Aerobic Exercise Adherence and Intensity in People With Parkinson Disease
Authors: Rosenfeldt Anson B , Lopez-Lennon Cielita , Suttman Erin , Jansen A Elizabeth , Owen Kelsey , Dibble Leland E , Alberts Jay L 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectivePhysical therapists are well-positioned to prescribe exercise outside of a clinical setting to promote positive health behaviors in people with Parkinson disease (PD). Traditionally, a barrier to precise exercise prescription has been reliance on participant self-reported exercise adherence and intensity. Home-based, commercially available exercise platforms offer an opportunity to remotely monitor exercise behavior and facilitate adherence based on objective performance metrics. The primary aim of this project was to characterize the feasibility and processes of remote aerobic exercise data monitoring from a home-based, commercially available platform in individuals participating in the 12-month Cyclical Lower Extremity Exercise for PD II (CYCLE-II) randomized clinical trial. Secondary aims focused on using exercise behavior to classify the cohort into exercise archetypes and describing a shared decision-making process to facilitate exercise adherence.MethodsData from each exercise session were extracted, visualized, and filtered to ensure ride integrity. Weekly exercise frequency was used to determine exercise archetypes: Adherent (2–4 exercise sessions per week), Over-adherent (&gt;4 exercise sessions per week), and Under-adherent (&lt;2 exercise sessions per week).ResultsA total of 123 people with PD completed 22,000+ exercise sessions. Analysis of exercise frequency indicated that 79% of participants were adherent; 8% were over-adherent; and 13% were under-adherent. Three case reports illustrate how shared decision-making with the use of exercise performance data points guided exercise prescription.ConclusionsThe number of exercise sessions and completeness of the data indicate that people with PD were able to utilize a commercial, home-based exercise platform to successfully engage in long-term aerobic exercise. Physical therapists can use objective data as a part of a shared decision-making process to facilitate exercise adherence.ImpactCommercially available exercise platforms offer a unique approach for physical therapists to monitor exercise behavior outside of a clinical setting. The methods used in this project can serve as a roadmap to utilizing data from consumer-based platforms.
Placenta-Derived Decidua Stromal Cells: A New Frontier in the Therapy of Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease
Authors: Ringdén Olle , Sadeghi Behnam 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a frequent and potentially life-threatening complication following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), rare precursors found in all body tissues, possess immunosuppressive properties and can inhibit alloreactivity both in vitro and in vivo. Two decades ago, we introduced bone marrow-derived (BM) MSCs as a novel therapy for acute GVHD. While some patients responded to BM-MSCs, the response was not universal. Commercially available BM-MSCs are now used for acute GVHD treatment in Canada, Japan, and New Zealand. The fetus is protected from the mother’s immune system by the placenta, and our research found that placenta-derived decidua stromal cells (DSCs) offer a stronger immunosuppressive effect than other sources of stromal cells. Safety studies in rabbits, rats, mice, and humans have shown negligible or no side effects from BM-MSCs or DSCs. In a phase I/II trial for severe acute GVHD, we treated 21 patients (median age, 49 years; range 1.6-72 years) with severe biopsy-proven gastrointestinal acute GVHD. The median cell dose of DSCs was 1.2 × 106 (range 0.9-2.9) cells/kg body weight, with a median of 2 (range 1-6) infusions given 1 week apart. The cell viability of DSCs was 93% (range, 69%-100%), and the median cell passage number was 4 (range, 2-4). All patients responded, with a complete response of acute GVHD in 11 patients and partial response in 10 and 1-year survival of 81%. Randomized trials are needed to prove the superiority of DSCs compared to ruxolitinib and/or other novel immunosuppressive therapies.
Auditory, Visual, and Cognitive Abilities in Normal-Hearing Adults, Hearing Aid Users, and Cochlear Implant Users
Authors: Ceuleers Dorien , Keppler Hannah , Degeest Sofie , Baudonck Nele , Swinnen Freya , Kestens Katrien , Dhooge Ingeborg 
Published: January 2024

Objectives:
Speech understanding is considered a bimodal and bidirectional process, whereby visual information (i.e., speechreading) and also cognitive functions (i.e., top-down processes) are involved. Therefore, the purpose of the present study is twofold: (1) to investigate the auditory (A), visual (V), and cognitive (C) abilities in normal-hearing individuals, hearing aid (HA) users, and cochlear implant (CI) users, and (2) to determine an auditory, visual, cognitive (AVC)-profile providing a comprehensive overview of a person’s speech processing abilities, containing a broader variety of factors involved in speech understanding.

Design:
Three matched groups of subjects participated in this study: (1) 31 normal-hearing adults (mean age = 58.76), (2) 31 adults with moderate to severe hearing loss using HAs (mean age = 59.31), (3) 31 adults with a severe to profound hearing loss using a CI (mean age = 58.86). The audiological assessments consisted of pure-tone audiometry, speech audiometry in quiet and in noise. For evaluation of the (audio-) visual speech processing abilities, the Test for (Audio) Visual Speech perception was used. The cognitive test battery consisted of the letter-number sequencing task, the letter detection test, and an auditory Stroop test, measuring working memory and processing speed, selective attention, and cognitive flexibility and inhibition, respectively. Differences between the three groups were examined using a one-way analysis of variance or Kruskal–Wallis test, depending on the normality of the variables. Furthermore, a principal component analysis was conducted to determine the AVC-profile.

Results:
Normal-hearing individuals scored better for both auditory, and cognitive abilities compared to HA users and CI users, listening in a best aided condition. No significant differences were found for speech understanding in a visual condition, despite a larger audiovisual gain for the HA users and CI users. Furthermore, an AVC-profile was composed based on the different auditory, visual, and cognitive assessments. On the basis of that profile, it is possible to determine one comprehensive score for auditory, visual, and cognitive functioning. In the future, these scores could be used in auditory rehabilitation to determine specific strengths and weaknesses per individual patient for the different abilities related to the process of speech understanding in daily life.

Conclusions:
It is suggested to evaluate individuals with hearing loss from a broader perspective, considering more than only the typical auditory abilities. Also, cognitive and visual abilities are important to take into account to have a more complete overview of the speech understanding abilities in daily life.
Tildrakizumab for moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis in Chinese patients: A 12-week randomized placebo-controlled phase III trial with long-term extension
Authors: Yu Chen , Geng Songmei , Yang Bin , Deng Yunhua , Li Fuqiu , Kang Xiaojing , Bi Mingye , Zhang Furen , Zhao Yi , Pan Weili , Tian Zhongwei , Xu Jinhua , Zhang Zhenghua , Yu Nan , Duan Xinsuo , Guo Shuping , Sun Qing , Li Weiquan , Tao Juan , Liu Zhijun , Yin Yuanyuan , Wang Gang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackground:There is a need for effective and safe therapies for psoriasis that provide sustained benefits. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of tildrakizumab, an anti-interleukin-23p19 monoclonal antibody, for treating moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis in Chinese patients.Methods:In this multi-center, double-blind, phase III trial, patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis were enrolled and randomly assigned (1:1) to receive subcutaneous tildrakizumab 100 mg or placebo at weeks 0 and 4. Patients initially assigned to placebo were switched to receive tildrakizumab at weeks 12, 16, and every 12 weeks thereafter. Patients in the tildrakizumab group continued with tildrakizumab at week 16, and every 12 weeks until week 52. The primary endpoint was the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI 75) response rate at week 12.Results:At week 12, tildrakizumab demonstrated significantly higher PASI 75 response rates (66.4% [73/110]vs.12.7% [14/110]; difference, 51.4% [95% confidence interval (CI), 40.72, 62.13];P<0.001) and Physician's Global Assessment (60.9% [67/110]vs.10.0% [11/110]; difference, 49.1% [95% CI, 38.64, 59.62];P<0.001) compared to placebo. PASI 75 response continued to improve over time in both tildrakizumab and placebo-switching to tildrakizumab groups, reaching maximal efficacy after 28 weeks (86.8% [92/106]vs. 82.4% [89/108]) and maintained up to 52 weeks (91.3% [95/104]vs. 87.4% [90/103]). Most treatment-emergent adverse events were mild and not related to tildrakizumab.Conclusion:Tildrakizumab demonstrated durable efficacy through week 52 and was well tolerated in Chinese patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis.Trial registration:ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05108766.
Sensitivity and specificity of SS-OCT for detecting macular pathologies vs SD-OCT
Authors: Yeu Elizabeth , Berdahl John P. , Gupta Preeya K. , Patterson Michael 
Published: January 2024

Purpose:
To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) biometer compared with the gold standard spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) for detecting macular pathology in patients with cataract.

Setting:
Eye Centers of Tennessee, Crossville, TN.

Design:
Prospective, cross-sectional, observational, examiner-masked.

Methods:
The study included 132 participants aged 50 years and older, who underwent precataract surgery work-up. All participants underwent fixation check retinal scans using SS-OCT biometer (IOLMaster 700) as well as full macular scans using Cirrus SD-OCT. 3 independent masked examiners evaluated the scans if they were normal or had a suspected pathology. Different measures of diagnostic accuracy were calculated for 3 examiners.

Results:
True positive rate (sensitivity) ranged from 71.1% (32/45) to 79.2% (42/53), and false negative rate was between 20.8% (11/53) and 28.9% (13/45) for the 3 examiners. True negative rate (specificity) ranged from 86.8% (59/68) to 94.1% (64/68), and false positive rate was between 5.9 (4/68) and 13.2% (9/68). The fitted receiver operating characteristic area ranged from 0.83 to 0.95.

Conclusions:
Using retinal SS-OCT biometer scans as a replacement of the dedicated macular SD-OCT for screening or diagnosing macular health would not be appropriate because of its low sensitivity. SS-OCT biometer may potentially fail to identify approximately one-fourth of patients who actually have the disease. Therefore, the final decision on macular health should be based on the gold standard SD-OCT scans. When full macular SD-OCT scans are not accessible, the limited retinal scan information from SS-OCT biometer may still provide useful insights into the macular health.
An Analysis of Pain and Quality of Life in Patients Undergoing Targeted Muscle Reinnervation After Upper-Limb Amputations
Authors: Zargaran David , Zargaran Alexander , Nagra Rav , Akella Medha , Kokkinos Costas , Ajam Yazan , Woollard Alexander , Kang Norbert 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Targeted muscle reinnervation (TMR) surgery is now increasingly performed when individuals with amputation develop problems with chronic, nerve-related limb pain. This study evaluates the effectiveness of TMR for individuals with upper-limb amputations in terms of quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and subjective neuroma pain (NP) and phantom limb pain (PLP).

Methods
A retrospective single-center study assessed patient-reported outcome measures in postoperative TMR patients. Digital records were analyzed, and telephone interviews were conducted for all patients over an 8-year period.

Results
Significant reductions were observed in NP (−3.9, P < 0.01) and PLP (−4.9, P < 0.01), as well as an improvement in VAS scores (pre-TMR mean = 60.7, post-TMR mean = 76.3, P < 0.01) and pain scores (pre-TMR mean = 3.6, post-TMR mean = 2.5, P < 0.01) on the Euroqol EQ5D-5L scale.

Conclusions
We observed significant improvements in NP and PLP after TMR surgery, as well as improved pain scores on the EuroQol EQ5D-5L scale. This suggests that TMR may represent a reasonable management option for patients with nerve-related pain after an upper-limb amputation. More work needs to be done in the form of randomized controlled studies and economic analyses to quantify benefit and scalability.

Clinical Relevance
This article adds to the body of evidence in support of the potential important role of TMR in the management of chronic pain after upper-limb amputations.
Alcohol Misuse Screening Performance Improvement Initiative
Authors: Hightower Todd , Stucke Sheri , Specht Katherine , Bertolani Jennifer , Malone Cheryl , Dhanyamraju Krishna , Rivera Nancy , Rodriguez Rodrigo 
Published: January 2024

Background:
A trauma registry review of our trauma center's alcohol misuse screening compliance noted inconsistent screening and data collection methods, putting our American College of Surgeons trauma center reverification at risk for a deficiency.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to evaluate an alcohol misuse screening improvement initiative on screening compliance in trauma patients.

Methods:
This before and after analysis of a quality improvement initiative to improve alcohol misuse screening was conducted from 2019 to 2021 at a Southwestern U.S. Level II trauma center on admitted trauma patients aged 13 years and older. The multicomponent initiative included a change in the screening instrument and timing of application, implementing electronic medical record documentation screens, and educating staff. The primary outcome measure was screening adherence.

Results:
A total of n = 4,734 patients were included in the study period. Alcohol misuse screening improved from 2.9% to 87.4% and remained sustained for over a year after the initiative's implementation.

Conclusion:
The performance improvement initiative improved the alcohol misuse screening process, resulting in consistent screenings exceeding the American College of Surgeons standards of 80% for verified trauma centers.
Effects of virtual reality-based pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A meta-analysis
Authors: Chai Xiuqin , Wu Lingyun , He Zhihong 
Published: January 2024

Background:Virtual reality (VR)-based pulmonary rehabilitation has been used in the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The efficacy of VR-based pulmonary rehabilitation for improving lung function in patients with COPD is controversial. Therefore, the aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the efficacy of VR combined with pulmonary rehabilitation for lung function in patients with COPD.Methods:This study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The search was performed in the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Web of Science, PubMed, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases from inception to February 1, 2023. All included studies were randomized controlled trials that assessed VR combined with pulmonary rehabilitation for COPD patients. The effect size was calculated with standardized mean difference (SMD) and its 95% confidence interval (CI). The Cochrane Collaboration tool was used to assess the risk of bias. Publication bias was assessed by Egger test.Results:A total of 11 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in this study. The combined effect size showed that VR combined with pulmonary rehabilitation was more effective than pulmonary rehabilitation alone at improving forced expiratory volume in 1 second% (SMD: 0.51; 95% CI 0.19,0.82;P = .002), forced expiratory volume in 1 second/forced vital capacity (SMD: 0.71; 95% CI 0.49,0.93;P < .001), dyspnea (SMD: −0.44; 95% CI −0.66, −0.22;P < .001), and 6-minute walking test (SMD: 059; 95% CI 0.39, 0.79;P < .001). In addition, the VR combined with pulmonary rehabilitation improved depression (SMD: −0.34; 95% CI −0.05, −0.03;P = .033) and anxiety mood (SMD: −0.57; 95% CI −1.11, −0.04;P = .036) compared with the pulmonary rehabilitation group.Conclusion:This meta-analysis indicated that VR regimens could be used to enhance the therapeutic effect of pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with COPD. However, as a rapidly evolving field, more well-designed randomized controlled trials are needed to determine the impact of VR-based pulmonary rehabilitation on COPD patients.
Chronic kidney disease associated cardiomyopathy: recent advances and future perspectives
Authors: Dobre Mirela A. , Ahlawat Shruti , Schelling Jeffrey R. 
Published: January 2024

Purpose of review
Cardiomyopathy in chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a complex condition with multiple triggers and poor prognosis. This review provides an overview of recent advances in CKD-associated cardiomyopathy, with a focus on pathophysiology, newly discovered biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets.

Recent findings
CKD is associated with a specific pattern of myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis, resulting in diastolic and systolic dysfunction, and often triggered by nonatherosclerotic processes. Novel biomarkers, including amino-terminal type III procollagen peptide (PIIINP), carboxy-terminal type I procollagen peptide (PICP), FGF23, marinobufagenin, and several miRNAs, show promise for early detection and risk stratification. Treatment options for CKD-associated cardiomyopathy are limited. Sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors have been shown to reduce left ventricle hypertrophy and improve ejection fraction in individuals with diabetes and mild CKD, and are currently under investigation for more advanced stages of CKD. In hemodialysis patients calcimimetic etelcalcetide resulted in a significant reduction in left ventricular mass.

Summary
CKD-associated cardiomyopathy is a common and severe complication in CKD. The identification of novel biomarkers may lead to future therapeutic targets. Randomized clinical trials in individuals with more advanced CKD would be well posed to expand treatment options for this debilitating condition.
Formal Ethics Consultation in Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Patients: A Single-Center Retrospective Cohort of a Quaternary Pediatric Hospital*
Authors: Siegel Bryan , Taylor Lisa S. , Alizadeh Faraz , Barreto Jessica A. , Daniel Dennis , Alexander Peta M.A. , Lipsitz Stuart , Moynihan Katie 
Published: January 2024

OBJECTIVE:To examine characteristics associated with formal ethics consultation (EC) referral in pediatric extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) cases, and document ethical issues presented.DESIGN:Retrospective cohort study using mixed methods.SETTING:Single-center quaternary pediatric hospital.PATIENTS:Patients supported on ECMO (January 2012 to December 2021).INTERVENTIONS:We compared clinical variables among ECMO patients according to the presence of EC. We defined optimal cutoffs for EC based on run duration, ICU length of stay (LOS), and sum of procedures or complications. To identify independent explanatory variables for EC, we used a forward stepwise selection multivariable logistic regression model. EC records were thematically characterized into ethical issues.MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:Of 601 ECMO patients and 225 patients with EC in 10 years, 27 ECMO patients received EC (4.5% of ECMO patients, 12% of all ECs). On univariate analysis, use of EC vs. not was associated with multiple ECMO runs, more complications/procedures, longer ICU LOS and ECMO duration, cardiac admissions, decannulation outcome, and higher mortality. Cutoffs for EC were ICU LOS >52 days, run duration >160 hours, and >6 complications/procedures. Independent associations with EC included these three cutoffs and older age. The model showed good discrimination (area under the curve 0.88 [0.83, 0.93]) and fit. The most common primary ethical issues were related to end-of-life, ECMO discontinuation, and treatment decision-making. Moral distress was cited in 22 of 27 cases (82%).CONCLUSION:EC was used in 4.5% of our pediatric ECMO cases, with most ethical issues related to end-of-life care or ECMO discontinuation. Older age, longer ICU LOS, prolonged runs, and multiple procedures/complications were associated with greater odds for EC requests. These data highlight our single-center experience of ECMO-associated ethical dilemmas. Historical referral patterns may guide a supported decision-making framework. Future work will need to include quality improvement projects for timely EC, with evaluation of impacts on relevant endpoints.