bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of information overload on consumer choice quality in an on‐line environment
Authors: Lee Byung‐Kwan , Lee Wei‐Na 
Published: February 2004

AbstractAs more and more consumers become part of the net population, retailers and manufacturers as well as dot‐com storefronts are touting consumers by providing an ever‐increasing amount of product information. Their long‐term survival and profitability may be determined by how much and how well their product information is presented to and processed by the consumers. By combining both the traditional and structural approaches to the information‐overload phenomenon, this study investigates the impact of Web site information on consumer choice and psychological states in an on‐line environment. Varying the number of alternatives and attributes (traditional measure) and attribute level distribution across alternatives (structural measure), this study asks subjects to choose the best (dominant) CD player in a given set. Their subjective states such as satisfaction, confidence, and confusion are also measured. Results show that the number of attributes and attribute level distribution are good predictors of the effect of information overload on consumer choice. In addition, the study finds that on‐line information overload results in less satisfied, less confident, and more confused consumers. Implications and suggestions for future research are provided. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The effects of consumer knowledge on responses to event sponsorships
Authors: Roy Donald P. , Cornwell T. Bettina 
Published: February 2004

AbstractResearch into consumer responses to event sponsorships has grown in recent years. However, the effects of consumer knowledge on sponsorship response have received little consideration. Consumers' event knowledge is examined to determine whether experts and novices differ in information processing of sponsorships and whether a sponsor's brand equity influences perceptions of sponsor–event fit. Six sponsors (three high equity/three low equity) were paired with six events. Results of hypothesis testing indicate that experts generate more total thoughts about a sponsor–event combination. Experts and novices do not differ in sponsor–event congruence for high‐brand‐equity sponsors, but event experts perceive less of a match between sponsor and event for low‐brand‐equity sponsors. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Same or different? How distance and variation affect similarity judgments
Authors: Yoo Changjo , MacInnis Deborah J. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThe effects of distance and variation on product‐category similarity judgments are examined in two studies. Distance between product categories is characterized as the mean difference in the average scores of all brands in one category with all brands in another on a comparison attribute. Variation is characterized as a degree of spread of brands along that comparison attribute. Study 1 finds that both distance and variation influence the perceived similarity of two product categories. An interaction between distance and variation is also observed. Study 2 is designed to replicate and extend these results, determining if distance and variation also affect similarity judgments when brands in the two product categories are not described by the same attribute—but instead where a comparison attribute must be abstracted. The results confirm the main effects of distance and variation. However, the interaction effects between distance and variation disappear, suggesting that subjects lose some information about distribution knowledge in the abstraction process. Both studies support consumers' use of distribution knowledge about brands (distance and variation) in product‐category similarly judgment tasks. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Improving product instruction compliance: “If you tell me why, I might comply”
Authors: Taylor Valerie A. , Bower Amanda B. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractAlthough prior research into product instructions has been limited to investigating the effect of warnings such that people might avoid possible product dangers by heeding warnings, this research considers methods of improving consumer product instruction compliance when noncompliance with a product instruction does not necessarily lead to a hazardous situation. In particular, this research investigates the impact of providing instructions that specify the process by which compliance with the instructions will lead to the desired end state (e.g., product outcome), called process‐cause information. The results of a first field experiment indicate that intention to comply with product instructions is enhanced when people are told how compliance with the instructions will lead to the desired outcome (i.e., when process‐cause information is included in a product instruction). This finding is substantiated by results of a follow‐up laboratory experiment where subject compliance with an instruction‐based behavior was observed. The importance of the present research is discussed in terms of the potential impacts on customer satisfaction, service recovery, product returns, product liability, and warranties. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals.
Total assignment of 1H and 13C NMR data for the sesquiterpene lactone 15‐deoxygoyazensolide
Authors: Heleno Vladimir Constantino Gomes , Crotti Antônio Eduardo Miller , Constantino Mauricio Gomes , Lopes Norberto Peporine , Lopes João Luis Callegari 
Published: February 2004

AbstractWe describe a complete analysis of the 1H and 13C spectra of the anti‐inflamatory, schistossomicidal and trypanosomicidal sesquiterpene lactone 15‐deoxygoyazensolide. This lactone, with a structure similar to other important ones, was studied by NMR techniques such as COSY, HMQC, HMBC, Jres and NOE experiments. The comparison of the data with some computational results led to an unequivocal assignment of all hydrogen and carbon chemical shifts, even eliminating some previous ambiguities. We were able to determine all hydrogen coupling constants (J) and signal multiplicities and to confirm the stereochemistry. A new method for the determination of the relative position of the lactonization and the position of the ester group on a medium‐sized ring by NMR was developed. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Physicochemical characterization of the dimeric lanthanide complexes [en{Ln(DO3A)(H2O)}2] and [pi{Ln(DTTA)(H2O)}2]2−: a variable‐temperature 17O NMR study
Authors: Lee Tzu‐Ming , Cheng Tsan‐Hwang , Ou Ming‐Hung , Chang C. Allen , Liu Gin‐Chung , Wang Yun‐Ming 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThe Gd(III) complexes of the two dimeric ligands [en(DO3A)2] {N,N′‐bis[1,4,7‐tris(carboxymethyl)‐1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecan‐10‐yl‐methylcarbonyl]‐N,N′‐ethylenediamine} and [pi(DTTA)2]8− [bisdiethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (trans‐1,2‐cyclohexanediamine)] were synthesized and characterized. The 17O NMR chemical shift of H2O induced by [en{Dy(DO3A)}2] and [pi{Dy(DTTA)}2]2− at pH 6.80 proved the presence of 2.1 and 2.2 inner‐sphere water molecules, respectively. Water proton spin–lattice relaxation rates for [en{Gd(DO3A)(H2O)}2] and [pi{Gd(DTTA)(H2O)}2]2− at 37.0 ± 0.1° C and 20 MHz are 3.60 ± 0.05 and 5.25 ± 0.05 mM−1 s−1 per Gd, respectively. The EPR transverse electronic relaxation rate and 17O NMR transverse relaxation time for the exchange lifetime of the coordinated H2O molecule and the 2H NMR longitudinal relaxation rate of the deuterated diamagnetic lanthanum complex for the rotational correlation time were thoroughly investigated, and the results were compared with those reported previously for other lanthanide(III) complexes. The exchange lifetimes for [en{Gd(DO3A)(H2O)}2] (769 ± 10 ns) and [pi{Gd(DTTA)(H2O)}2]2− (910 ± 10 ns) are significantly higher than those of [Gd(DOTA)(H2O)]− (243 ns) and [Gd(DTPA)(H2O)]2− (303 ns) complexes. The rotational correlation times for [en{Gd(DO3A)(H2O)}2] (150 ± 11 ps) and [pi{Gd(DTTA)(H2O)}2]2− (130 ± 12 ps) are slightly greater than those of [Gd(DOTA)(H2O)]− (77 ps) and [Gd(DTPA)(H2O)]2− (58 ps) complexes. The marked increase in relaxivity (r1) of [en{Gd(DO3A)(H2O)}2] and [pi{Gd(DTTA)(H2O)}2]2− result mainly from their longer rotational correlation time and higher molecular weight. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Broadband and band‐selective IMPRESS–gHMBC: compensation of refocusing inefficiency with synchronized inversion sweep
Authors: Crouch Ronald , Boyer Robert D. , Johnson Ross , Krishnamurthy Krish 
Published: February 2004

AbstractCompensation of refocusing inefficiency in a gHMBC experiment by replacing the rectangular π pulse with a pair of adiabatic pulses with synchronized inversion sweep (CRISIS) significantly improves the performance of the gHMBC experiment. The CRISIS–gHMBC experiment retains the pure absorptive shapes in F1 and hence results in better lineshape and higher resolution than the current versions of magnitude mode gHMBC spectra. When used as a broadband experiment, CRISIS–gHMBC, owing to better refocusing efficiency of the adiabatic pulse pairs, gives improved performance across the 13C spectral width. Moreover, it is shown that CRISIS–gHMBC is a robust and improved alternative and when used along with the IMPRESS (Improved Resolution using Symmetrically Shifted pulses) technique further increases the sensitivity and resolution without additional experimental time. The IMPRESS–CRISIS combination is demonstrated for broadband gHMBC and band‐selective gHMBC experiments. The ICbs–gHMBC [IMPRESS–CRISIS–band‐selective gHMBC] experiment is an attractive and better alternative to individual band‐selective gHMBC. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Conformational study of a guaiacyl β‐O‐4 lignin model compound by NMR. Examination of intramolecular hydrogen bonding interactions and conformational flexibility in solution
Authors: Besombes Stéphane , Utille Jean‐Pierre , Mazeau Karim , Robert Danielle , Taravel François R. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractIntramolecular H‐bonding interactions were investigated in solution for the threo and erythro diastereomeric forms of a guaiacyl β‐O‐4 lignin model compound by using the NMR data obtained from hydroxyl protons. Temperature coefficients of the chemical shifts (dδ/dT) and coupling constants (3JHCOH) were measured in aprotic and protic solutions: DMSO‐d6, acetone‐d6 and acetone‐d6–water. The NMR parameters do not support the existence of strong and persistent intramolecular H‐bonds that could participate in the stabilization of the guaiacyl β‐O‐4 structure in solution, but instead indicate that intermolecular H‐bonds to solvent predominate. 1D NOE experiments nevertheless revealed the presence of a direct chemical exchange between the hydroxyl protons, suggesting the possible existence of weak and transient intramolecular H‐bonding interactions. The conformational flexibility of the threo structure was also investigated in acetone solution from the measurement of long‐range 1H, 1H and 1H, 13C coupling constants and from NOESY experiments. The NMR data are not consistent with any single conformation, indicating that different conformers co‐exist in solution. The experimental results support the conformational flexibility predicted by molecular dynamics simulations performed in a previous study. Finally, both experimental and theoretical approaches indicate that weak intramolecular H‐bonds can exist transiently in solution, breaking and reforming as the β‐O‐4 molecule undergoes conformational interconversion, but cannot be invoked as possible means of conferring rigidity to the β‐O‐4 structure. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Complete 1H and 13C NMR spectral assignment of 17‐hydroxy epimeric sterols with planar A or A and B rings
Authors: Ciuffreda P. , Casati S. , Manzocchi A. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractComplete 1H and 13C spectral assignments of 17β‐ and 17α‐hydroxy epimers of three biologically active sterols (boldenone, 3‐methoxyestradiol and 3‐methoxydihydroequilenin) were achieved making use of one‐ and two‐dimensional NMR techniques (1D‐HOHAHA, DEPT, COSY, NOESY, TOCSY, HSQC and COLOC). Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gs‐HSQC‐NOESY versus gs‐NOESY‐HSQC experiments: signal attenuation due to diffusion; application to symmetrical molecules
Authors: Gschwind Ruth M. , Xie Xiulan , Rajamohanan Pattuparambil R. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractGradient‐selected (gs) HSQC‐NOESY type experiments are often applied in order to obtain NOE cross peaks in symmetrical molecules or in complex organic molecules, e.g. carbohydrates. Since the coherence‐selecting gradients in these pulse sequences are separated by several delays, including the mixing time, the gs‐HSQC‐NOESY spectra exhibit severe signal attenuation due to diffusion effects. The respective NOE information unaffected by diffusion effects can be obtained by X‐half‐filtered gs‐NOESY‐HSQC spectra. In this paper, an X‐half‐filtered version of the gs‐NOESY‐HSQC experiment is presented and the NOE cross peak integrals of its spectra are compared with those of a standard gs‐HSQC‐NOESY experiment. With phenanthrene as an example of symmetrical molecules, it is shown that the relative signal attenuation of gs‐HSQC‐NOESY cross peaks versus gs‐NOESY‐HSQC cross peaks is caused by diffusion effects and follows the Stejskal–Tanner equation. In contrast, the X‐half‐filtered gs‐NOESY‐HSQC experiment provides NOE cross peaks with reasonable signal‐to‐noise ratios even for long‐range interactions in the presence of quadrupolar relaxation. This is demonstrated by the spectra of lithium dimethylcuprate. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ESR study of MoY and PdMoY reduction
Authors: Saïd Zina Mongia , Ghorbel Abdelhamid 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThis paper deals with the reduction of MoY and PdMoY using ESR in order to study the effect of molybdenum on the reducibility of palladium ions. The evolution of signals of paramagnetic species of palladium (Pd3+ in 4d7 and Pd+ in 4d9) and molybdenum (Mo5+ in 4d1) was followed by EPR spectroscopy. Two paramagnetic species of Mo5+ were observed after reduction under hydrogen, the first with g// = 1.87 and the second with g// = 1.89. However, the Mo5+ ion on the zeolite exhibited various coordination symmetries upon reduction or other treatments, depending on the preparation method. The analysis of the g tensors allowed these signals to be attributed to molybdenyl ions in penta‐ $(\hbox{Mo}_{\rm 5c}^{5+})$ and hexacoordination $(\hbox{Mo}_{\rm 6c}^{5+})$ symmetries. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improved method for unambiguous amino acid side‐chain 1H and 13C resonance assignment
Authors: Löhr Frank , Betz Marco , Rüterjans Heinz 
Published: February 2004

AbstractSide‐chain proton and carbon‐13 resonance assignments of [13C;15N]‐enriched proteins usually rely on combinations of several multi‐dimensional experiments. Here, we describe a four‐dimensional pulse sequence, H(C)C–COSY–TOCSY–(CACO)NH, which provides the information required to assign completely aliphatic side‐chain resonance frequencies. As in widely used HCC(CO)NH–TOCSY experiments, problems due to spectral crowding are alleviated by exploiting the dispersion of backbone amide 1H and 15N signals. The modification introduced here allows signals from different side‐chains to be distinguished even in the case of overlap in the 1HN–15N plane of the spectra. For illustration, the new method is applied to two proteins with molecular masses of 11 and 23 kDa. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Complete 1H and 13C NMR assignments of two phytosterols from roots of Piper nigrum
Authors: Wei Kun , Li Wei , Koike Kazuo , Pei Yuping , Chen Yingjie , Nikaido Tamotsu 
Published: February 2004

AbstractUsing modern NMR techniques, including DQF‐COSY, NOESY, HETCOR and HMBC, the full assignments of all 1H and 13C chemical shifts were made for stigmastane‐3,6‐dione and stigmast‐4‐ene‐3,6‐dione, isolated from the roots of Piper nigrum (Piperaceae). Their stereochemistry was resolved by a combination of 2D NOESY data and analysis of coupling constants. The two compounds were isolated from the genus Piper for the first time. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of polymorphic differences for sulfanilamide, as seen through 13C and 15N solid‐state NMR, together with shielding calculations
Authors: Portieri Alessia , Harris Robin K. , Fletton Richard A. , Lancaster Robert W. , Threlfall Terence L. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractWe recorded both carbon‐13 and nitrogen‐15 NMR spectra of the three solid forms of sulfanilamide most commonly known. This study led to an interpretation of the solid‐state effects seen in cross‐polarization magic angle spinning spectra. Relaxation times for the different forms were measured. These show different behaviour for the three forms, arising from mobility variations. To obtain information on local environments, static spectra and spinning sideband manifolds were recorded and analysed for the 15N resonances, using isotopically enriched samples. Shielding asymmetries and anisotropies for the two nitrogen nuclei were obtained, showing very different behaviour for the two sites. Shielding calculations were carried out for both 13C and 15N nuclei, and the results are discussed in relation to the experimental values. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A universal index formula suitable to multiparameter water quality evaluation
Authors: Peng Lihong 
Published: February 2004

AbstractBased on hypothesis of “base value” of water quality parameter, a universal index suitable to multi‐parameter water quality evaluation was presented, as the monitoring values of parameters in the water quality index formula in logarithm function form were replaced by their relative values, and optimizing the parameters of different indices in the formula was carried out by Genetic Algorithms. Each index of water quality can be weighted into comprehensive index by compromise active function. The correctitude of formula was verified by using this method to asses the water quality states of many spots. The formula has shown its simplicity of calculation, practicability, generality, comparability and objectivity. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 20: 368–373, 2004
A domain decomposition method on nested domains and nonmatching grids
Authors: Flemisch Bernd , Wohlmuth Barbara I. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractA one directionally coupled problem on two nested domains is analyzed. The global domain and the subdomain are discretized by two triangulations that do not match on the subdomain. The connection between the two grids is established by using a stable projection operator onto the interface. An a priori error analysis is carried out and several numerical examples are given. The method is ideally suited for the case of a moving subdomain. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 20: 374–387, 2004.
Domain decomposition for radial basis meshless methods
Authors: Li Jichun , Hon Y. C. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractBoth overlapping and nonoverlapping domain decomposition methods (DDM) on matching and nonmatching grid have been developed to couple with the meshless radial basis function (RBF) method. Example shows that overlapping DDM with RBF can achieve much better accuracy with less nodal points compared to FDM and FEM. Numerical results also show that nonmatching grid DDM can achieve almost the same accuracy within almost the same iteration steps as the matching grid case; hence our method is very attractive, because it is much easier to generate nonmatching grid just by putting blocks of grids together (for both overlapping and nonoverlapping), where each block grid can be generated independently. Also our methods are showed to be able to handle discontinuous coefficient. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 20: 450–462, 2004.
A posteriori error estimates for a compressible Stokes system
Authors: Kweon Jae Ryong 
Published: February 2004

AbstractA linearized compressible viscous Stokes system is considered. The a posteriori error estimates are defined and compared with the true error. They are shown to be globally upper and locally lower bounds for the true error of the finite element solution. Some numerical examples are given, showing an efficiency of the estimator. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 20: 412–431, 2004.
Conservative semi‐Lagrangian advection on adaptive unstructured meshes
Authors: Iske Armin , Käser Martin 
Published: February 2004

AbstractA conservative semi‐Lagrangian method is designed in order to solve linear advection equations in two space variables. The advection scheme works with finite volumes on an unstructured mesh, which is given by a Voronoi diagram. Moreover, the mesh is subject to adaptive modifications during the simulation, which serves to effectively combine good approximation quality with small computational costs. The required adaption rules for the refinement and the coarsening of the mesh rely on a customized error indicator. The implementation of boundary conditions is addressed. Numerical results finally confirm the good performance of the proposed conservative and adaptive advection scheme. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 20: 388–411, 2004
Parameterized families of finite difference schemes for the wave equation
Authors: Bilbao Stefan 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThis article is devoted to an analysis of simple families of finite difference schemes for the wave equation. These families are dependent on several free parameters, and methods for obtaining stability bounds as a function of these parameters are discussed in detail. Access to explicit stability bounds such as those derived here may, it is hoped, lead to optimization techniques for so‐called spectral‐like methods, which are difference schemes dependent on many free parameters (and for which maximizing the order of accuracy may not be the defining criterion). Though the focus is on schemes for the wave equation in one dimension, the analysis techniques are extended to two dimensions; implicit schemes such as ADI methods are examined in detail. Numerical results are presented. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 20: 463–480, 2004.
On a finite element method for three‐dimensional unsteady compressible viscous flows
Authors: Liu Biyue 
Published: February 2004

AbstractIn this article we analyze a finite element method for three‐dimensional unsteady compressible Navier‐Stokes equations. We prove the existence and uniqueness of the numerical solution, and obtain a priori error estimates uniform in time. Numerical computations are carried out to test the orders of accuracy in the error estimates. Blend function interpolations are applied in the calculation of numerical integrations. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 20: 432–449, 2004.
Polymer light‐emitting electrochemical cell based on a novel poly(aryleneethynylene) consisting of ethynylfluorene and tetraphenyldiaminobiphenyl units
Authors: Sun Qingjiang , Zhan Xiaowei , Zhang Bin , Yang Chunhe , Liu Yunqi , Li Yongfang , Zhu Daoben 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThe photo‐ and electro‐luminescence properties of a novel light‐emitting poly(aryleneethynylene) (PAE) consisting of ethynylfluorene and hole‐transporting tetraphenyldiaminobiphenyl units have been reported. The emission color of this polymer changes from blue to yellowish green when going from the solution to the film, which is assigned to the formation of aggregates. The light‐emitting electrochemical cell (LEC) based on this PAE type polymer has been demonstrated. Light emission is observed from the LEC in both forward and reverse bias modes. The LEC shows the turn‐on voltage of 2.9 V and the maximum electroluminescence efficiency of 0.47 cd/A under the forward bias. Introduction of the hole‐transporting moiety into the main chain can improve the electroluminescence properties of the PAE type polymer. The a.c. impedance measurements indicate that the operation of the LEC corresponds to the electrochemical doping mechanism. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.