bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advances and Challenges of Ultrafast Fiber Lasers in 2–4 µm Mid‐Infrared Spectral Regions
Authors: Zhang Yani , Wu Kexin , Guang Zhe , Guo Bo , Qiao Dun , Wei Zhiyi , Yang Hongyan , Wang Qiuyang , Li Kang , Copner Nigel , Li Xiaohui 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMid‐infrared (mid‐IR) ultrafast lasers are widely employed in biomedicine, molecular spectroscopy, material processing, and nonlinear optics. With the improvement of fiber gain media and other fiber optical elements, low‐cost, compact, and high‐efficiency fiber lasers open up new opportunities for 2–4 µm pulse generations, which calls for a comprehensive review of their mode‐locking mechanisms, gain media, and fiber laser system performance. This paper, beginning with an overview of pulse‐generation technologies, reviews recent progress on 2–4 µm mid‐IR ultrafast fiber lasers, including Tm3+‐, Ho3+‐doped, Tm3+/Ho3+codoped silicate fiber 2 µm lasers, and Er3+‐, Dy3+‐doped, and Ho3+/Pr3+codoped ZBLAN fiber 2.5–4 µm lasers. Among them, the status of 2–4 µm ultrafast fiber lasers based on 2D material passive mode‐locking is emphatically discussed. Meanwhile, the novel advances on mode‐locking and gain fibers of mid‐IR ultrafast fiber lasers are explored. Furthermore, current and prospective applications of such laser systems are also introduced in detail. This review finally summarizes challenges associated with future development of mid‐IR ultrafast fiber lasers, which provides an outlook on how to achieve more desirable laser performance (e.g., higher average power, higher pulse energy, and longer emission wavelength) that can lead to more practical uses of such lasers.
Flexible and Biocompatible Antifouling Polyurethane Surfaces Incorporating Tethered Antimicrobial Peptides through Click Reactions
Authors: Berglin Mattias , Cavanagh Jorunn Pauline , Caous Josefin Seth , Thakkar Balmukund Sureshkumar , Vasquez Jeddah Marie , Stensen Wenche , Lyvén Benny , Svendsen John‐Sigurd , Svenson Johan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractEfficient, simple antibacterial materials to combat implant‐associated infections are much in demand. Herein, the development of polyurethanes, both cross‐linked thermoset and flexible and versatile thermoplastic, suitable for “click on demand” attachment of antibacterial compounds enabled via incorporation of an alkyne‐containing diol monomer in the polymer backbone, is described. By employing different polyolic polytetrahydrofurans, isocyanates, and chain extenders, a robust and flexible material comparable to commercial thermoplastic polyurethane is prepared. A series of short synthetic antimicrobial peptides are designed, synthesized, and covalently attached in a single coupling step to generate a homogenous coating. The lead material is shown to be biocompatible and does not display any toxicity against either mouse fibroblasts or reconstructed human epidermis according to ISO and OECD guidelines. The repelling performance of the peptide‐coated materials is illustrated against colonization and biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis on coated plastic films and finally, on coated commercial central venous catheters employing LIVE/DEAD staining, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and bacterial counts. This study presents the successful development of a versatile and scalable polyurethane with the potential for use in the medical field to reduce the impact of bacterial biofilms.
Erroneous consumer evaluations in the marketplace: How consumer evaluations are biased by raw performance scores
Authors: Givi Julian , Grossman Daniel M. , Kardes Frank R. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA consumer's evaluation of an entity in the marketplace, such as a product or service provider, is one of the most important factors in determining whether or not they consume it. Indeed, the relationship between perceived quality and likelihood of purchase is a central finding in marketing. Oftentimes, consumers make these evaluations after learning information regarding the entity's performance according to some metric (i.e., its “raw score”) and how the entity's performance compares to the performances of other entities (i.e., its accompanying percentile). In these cases, consumers should discount the raw score and exclusively use the percentile, to adjust for differences in the “friendliness” of the metric. In the present work, we demonstrate that consumers fail to evaluate entities in this way, incorporating raw scores into their assessments when they should not. We also show that this effect is the result of an anchoring and insufficient adjustment process. Consumers anchor on the notion that a good (vs. bad) raw score equates to a favorable (vs. unfavorable) performance and fail to adjust from this anchor when considering the percentile information about how the entity's raw score fits into the greater distribution. Moreover, we demonstrate that how a consumer evaluates an entity, indeed, influences their likelihood of consuming it, highlighting the marketing implications of this phenomenon. We conclude by discussing how this work adds to the literatures on consumer psychology, anchoring and adjustment, biases, judgment, and processing.
Community‐based care for people with chronic knee and hip pain: Preliminary clinical outcomes and healthcare utilisation for ESCAPE‐pain
Authors: Hurley Michael , Thompson Francesca 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundJoint pain impairs physical and psychosocial wellbeing, quality of life (QoL) and has a significant socioeconomic impact. Enabling Self‐management and Coping with Arthritic Pain using Exercise, ESCAPE‐pain, is a rehabilitation programme that mitigates the wide impacts of joint pain. Financial, logistical and workforce constraints in health systems severely limit access to the programme. Delivering the programme by trained exercise professionals in community venues could increase access and reduce costs.MethodsFour hundred eighty‐two exercise professionals were trained to deliver ESCAPE‐pain at community sites to people >55 years with chronic knee or hip pain. Pain, physical function, QoL, self‐reported activity, mental wellbeing and healthcare utilisation (consultations, investigations, treatments, medication) were measured before, immediately after and 6 months after the programme.ResultsOne thousand four hundred ninety‐two people (mean age 70 years) were recruited. ESCAPE‐pain improved pain, function, QoL, mental wellbeing and objective physical function (p < 0.0001). Before the programme, only 24% of participants were classified as ‘fairly active/active’ (doing ≥30 min activity/week); after the programme, 78% were classified as ‘fairly active/active’; 6 months later, 69% were still ‘fairly active/active’. Participants used less healthcare after ESCAPE‐pain, resulting in savings of £326.16/participant.ConclusionsOlder people with chronic joint pain were willing to attend ESCAPE‐pain when delivered by exercise professionals in community centres, and it was found to be as effective as when delivered by physiotherapists in hospitals. Delivering ESCAPE‐pain in the community could facilitate access to effective care and on‐going support to sustain the benefits of healthcare programmes, producing a more efficient use of health and community resources.
Recreational anglers in Norway report widespread dislike of invasive pink salmon
Authors: Guay J. D. , Lennox R. J. , Thorstad E. B. , Vollset K. W. , Stensland S. , Erkinaro J. , Nguyen V. M. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Pink salmon have returned to Norwegian rivers at high abundance in recent odd‐numbered years (2017, 2019, 2021, 2023), presenting potential threats to native biodiversity and ecosystem services, including major sport fishing tourism for Atlantic salmon and sea‐run brown trout in Norway. Presently, there exists a knowledge gap on angler perceptions and attitudes towards the presence of pink salmon in Norwegian rivers, resulting in difficulty assessing the socioeconomic repercussions of their invasion.

We distributed an online questionnaire to anglers who purchased the national salmon fishing licence in Norway in 2020 to assess their perceptions of pink salmon and the intentions of anglers to modify their fishing practices.

There were widespread negative perceptions of pink salmon in Norway. Perceptions were matched with intentions to modify fishing behaviour among some of the anglers, with 41% saying that they would modify fishing to increase the catch of pink salmon to help remove them before they spawned in the rivers. However, anglers were more prone to say they would decrease fishing effort if both pink salmon catches and fishing licence costs were to increase or if pink salmon were to dominate their catch.

Salmon anglers in Norway were strongly oriented towards their chosen recreational activity and do not plan to stop fishing their preferred rivers. They also do not want pink salmon to become established in Norway and are prepared to volunteer for stewardship roles that intervene against pink salmon. However, they overwhelmingly reported not wanting to eat pink salmon.

Fisheries managers must take into account the widespread desire for management intervention against pink salmon, even though eradication is not likely no matter how intensive removal efforts become. Efforts to change narratives about pink salmon to encourage fishers to harvest pink salmon from the fjords and rivers for consumption might lead to effective population control, relieving native salmon, trout and charr from potential negative impacts of this prolific colonizer.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Common evolutionary origins of the bacterial glycyl tRNA synthetase and alanyl tRNA synthetase
Authors: Alvarez‐Carreño Claudia , Arciniega Marcelino , Ribas de Pouplana Lluís , Petrov Anton S. , Hernández‐González Adriana , Dimas‐Torres Jorge‐Uriel , Valencia‐Sánchez Marco Igor , Williams Loren Dean , Torres‐Larios Alfredo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAminoacyl‐tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) establish the genetic code. Each aaRS covalently links a given canonical amino acid to a cognate set of tRNA isoacceptors. Glycyl tRNA aminoacylation is unusual in that it is catalyzed by different aaRSs in different lineages of the Tree of Life. We have investigated the phylogenetic distribution and evolutionary history of bacterial glycyl tRNA synthetase (bacGlyRS). This enzyme is found in early diverging bacterial phyla such as Firmicutes, Acidobacteria, and Proteobacteria, but not in archaea or eukarya. We observe relationships between each of six domains of bacGlyRS and six domains of four different RNA‐modifying proteins. Component domains of bacGlyRS show common ancestry with (i) the catalytic domain of class II tRNA synthetases; (ii) the HD domain of the bacterial RNase Y; (iii) the body and tail domains of the archaeal CCA‐adding enzyme; (iv) the anti‐codon binding domain of the arginyl tRNA synthetase; and (v) a previously unrecognized domain that we call ATL (Ancient tRNA latch). The ATL domain has been found thus far only in bacGlyRS and in the universal alanyl tRNA synthetase (uniAlaRS). Further, the catalytic domain of bacGlyRS is more closely related to the catalytic domain of uniAlaRS than to any other aminoacyl tRNA synthetase. The combined results suggest that the ATL and catalytic domains of these two enzymes are ancestral to bacGlyRS and uniAlaRS, which emerged from common protein ancestors by bricolage, stepwise accumulation of protein domains, before the last universal common ancestor of life.
Physiological and behavioral basis of diamondback moth Plutella xylostella migration and its association with heat stress
Authors: Yang Fan , Wang Pan , Zheng Min , Hou Xiao‐Yu , Zhou Li‐Lin , Wang Yong , Si Sheng‐Yun , Wang Xiao‐Ping , Chapman Jason W. , Wang Yu‐Meng , Hu Gao 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDMigration is a strategy that shifts insects to more favorable habitats in response to deteriorating local environmental conditions. The ecological factors that govern insect migration are poorly understood for many species. Plutella xylostella causes great losses in Brassica vegetable and oilseed crops, and undergoes mass migration. However, the physiological and behavioral basis for distinguishing migratory individuals and the factors driving its migration remain unclear.RESULTSDaily light trap catches conducted from April to July in a field population of P. xylostella in central China revealed a sharp decline in abundance from late‐May. Analysis of ovarian development levels showed that the proportion of sexually immature females gradually increased, while the mating rate decreased, indicating that generations occurring in May mainly resulted from local breeding and that emigration began in late‐May. Physiological and behavioral analyses revealed that emigrant populations had a higher take‐off proportion, stronger flight capacity and greater energy reserves of triglyceride compared to residents. Furthermore, a gradual increase in temperature from 24 °C to >30 °C during larval development resulted in a significant delay in oogenesis and increased take‐off propensity of adults compared with the control treatment reared at a constant temperature of 24 °C.CONCLUSIONOur results provide the physiological and behavioral factors that underpin mass migration in P. xylostella, and demonstrate that exposure to increased temperature increases their migration propensity at the cost of reproductive output. This study sheds light on understanding the factors that influence population dynamics, migratory propensity and reproductive tradeoffs in migratory insects. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Life‐course trajectories and spatial segregation in older age
Authors: Malmberg Bo , Andersson Eva K. , Wimark Thomas 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThere are few reasons to believe that social segregation is restricted to the working age population. Still, attempts to analyse social segregation among old age individuals have been lacking. The purpose of this paper is, therefore, to explore the extent to which old age individuals who follow different sociodemographic trajectories are geographically segregated. We analyse residential segregation among older age adults, based on an identification of typical sociodemographic life courses in longitudinal, geo‐coded, register data for three life phases: young old, 65–79 years, middle old, 75–89 years and, oldest old, 85–99 years. The results show great life‐course heterogeneity in these age groups. In each life phase, we distinguish seven different trajectory types that also display distinct geographical patterns. The first group of trajectories is characterized by a high proportion of married individuals with high income concentrated in suburban, single‐family housing areas. The second group consists of trajectories with many widows/widowers in small‐scale, apartment areas. The third group consists of singleton trajectories in metropolitan areas. The fourth group is overrepresented in low‐income areas and consists of trajectories including individuals of nonsurvival in the life phase. The fifth group is composed of trajectories with married or widowed low‐income individuals in owner‐occupied areas mainly found in rural areas. Thus, there is pronounced geographical variation in what type of neighbourhood life old age individuals live. This indicates that social segregation in the old age population deserves to be given more attention in geographical research.
Internal migration and settlement patterns in Australia's regional urban centres
Authors: Li Tiebei , Denham Todd , Dodson Jago 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe distribution of population between metropolitan regions and their rural counterparts is a topic of interest, due to the growth pressures in large cities and areas of decline in some, typically remote regions. In Australia, fostering population growth in regional urban centres (RUCs) has been a long‐term goal of government policy. Understanding the different profiles, structures, and population dynamics of Australia's RUCs is critical in informing Australian regional development, as well as factors in regional population dynamics in general. This research is focused on patterns of population change through internal migration across Australian RUCs. In addition to a detailed spatial analysis of patterns of population migration flows, this research offers a comprehensive analysis of a range of regional social, economic and infrastructure development factors and their effects on regional migration and population changes. The outputs of the method are new evidence to inform the future regional plan to increase economic and population growth in RUCs. This research contributes to population research and regional planning and provides a baseline for the prepandemic status of regional population dynamics in Australia.
Step‐stress life‐testing under tampered random variable modeling for Weibull distribution in presence of competing risk data
Authors: Sultana Farha , Çetinkaya Çağatay , Kundu Debasis 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we have considered the classical and Bayesian inference of the unknown parameters of the lifetime distribution based on the observations obtained from a simple step‐stress life‐testing (SSLT) experiment and when more than one cause of failures are observed. We have used the Tampered Random Variable (TRV) approach. The main advantage of the TRV approach is that it can be easily extended to a multiple step‐stress model as well as for different lifetime distributions. In this paper, it is assumed that the lifetime of the experimental units at each stress level follows Weibull distribution with the same shape parameter and different scale parameters. Further, we have introduced different tempering co‐efficient for different causes of failures. The maximum likelihood estimators and the associated asymptotic confidence intervals are obtained based on Type‐II censored observations. Further, we have considered the Bayesian inference of the unknown model parameters based on a fairly general class prior distributions. An extensive simulation study is performed to examine the performances of the proposed method, and the analysis of a real data set has been provided to show how the method can be used in practice. We have compared the TRV model with some of the other existing models, and the TRV model provides a better fit in terms of information theoretic criteria. We have also provided some optimality criteria, to determine the optimal stress change time and some sensitivity analyses have been performed. Most of the methods can be extended for other lifetime distributions also.
Rainbow Hamilton cycles in random geometric graphs
Authors: Frieze Alan , Pérez‐Giménez Xavier 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLet be chosen independently and uniformly at random from the unit ‐dimensional cube . Let be given and let . The random geometric graph has vertex set and an edge whenever . We show that if each edge of is colored independently from one of colors and has the smallest value such that has minimum degree at least two, then contains a rainbow Hamilton cycle asymptotically almost surely.
Recent Progress of Vertical Graphene: Preparation, Structure Engineering, and Emerging Energy Applications
Authors: Wu Zhiheng , Wang Erhao , Zhang Gongkai , Shen Yonglong , Shao Guosheng 
Published: November 2023

AbstractVertical graphene (VG) nanosheets have garnered significant attention in the field of electrochemical energy applications, such as supercapacitors, electro‐catalysis, and metal‐ion batteries. The distinctive structures of VG, including vertically oriented morphology, exposed, and extended edges, and separated few‐layer graphene nanosheets, have endowed VG with superior electrode reaction kinetics and mass/electron transportation compared to other graphene‐based nanostructures. Therefore, gaining insight into the structure‐activity relationship of VG and VG‐based materials is crucial for enhancing device performance and expanding their applications in the energy field. In this review, the authors first summarize the fabrication methods of VG structures, including solution‐based, and vacuum‐based techniques. The study then focuses on structural modulations through plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) to tailor defects and morphology, aiming to obtain desirable architectures. Additionally, a comprehensive overview of the applications of VG and VG‐based hybrids d in the energy field is provided, considering the arrangement and optimization of their structures. Finally, the challenges and future prospects of VG‐based energy‐related applications are discussed.
Construction of Hydration Layer for Proton Transport by Implanting the Hydrophilic Center Ag0 in Nickel Metal‐Organic Frameworks
Authors: Cui Yang , Li Dongyang , Shao Zhichao , Zhao Yujie , Geng Kangshuai , Huang Jing , Zhang Yatao , Hou Hongwei 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe directional arrangement of H2O molecules can effectively regulate the ordered protons transfer to improve transport efficiency, which can be controlled by the interaction between materials and H2O. Herein, a strategy to build a stable hydration layer in metal‐organic framework (MOF) platforms, in which hydrophilic centers that can manipulate H2O molecules are implanted into MOF cavities is presented. The rigid grid‐Ni‐MOF is selected as the supporting material due to the uniformly distributed cavities and rigid structures. The Ag0 possesses potential combination ability with the hydrophilic substances, so it is introduced into the MOF as hydration layer centers. Relying on the strong interaction between Ag0 and H2O, the H2O molecules can rearrange around Ag0 in the cavity, which is intuitively verified by DFT calculation and molecular dynamics simulation. The establishment of a hydration layer in Ag@Ni‐MOF regulates the chemical properties of the material and gives the material excellent proton conduction performance, with a proton conductivity of 4.86 × 10−2 S cm−1.
Halogen‐Site Regulation in Cs3Bi2X9 Quantum Dots for Efficient and Selective Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol Driven by Solar Light
Authors: Lei Ben , Cui Wen , Sheng Jianping , Zhong Fengyi , Dong Fan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSluggish charge kinetics and low selectivity limit the solar‐driven selective organic transformations under mild conditions. Herein, an efficient strategy of halogen‐site regulation, based on the precise control of charge transfer and molecule activation by rational design of Cs3Bi2X9 quantum dots photocatalysts, is proposed to achieve both high selectivity and yield of benzyl‐alcohol oxidation. In situ PL spectroscopy study reveals that the Bi─Br bonds formed in the form of Br‐associated coordination can enhance the separation and transfer of photoexcited carriers during the practical reaction. As the active center, the exclusive Bi─Br covalence can benefit the benzyl‐alcohol activation for producing carbon‐centered radicals. As a result, the Cs3Bi2Br9 with this atomic coordination achieves a conversion ratio of 97.9% for benzyl alcohol and selectivity of 99.6% for aldehydes, which are 56.9‐ and 1.54‐fold higher than that of Cs3Bi2Cl9. Combined with quasi‐in situ EPR, in situ ATR‐FTIR spectra, and DFT calculation, the conversion of C6H5‐CH2OH to C6H5‐CH2* at Br‐related coordination is revealed to be a determining step, which can be accelerated via halogen‐site regulation for enhancing selectivity and photocatalytic efficiency. The mechanistic insights of this research elucidate how halogen‐site regulation in favor of charge transfer and molecule activation toward efficient and selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol.