bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Living beyond Fear
Authors: Vilas Boas Susana 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In this article I will highlight some of the most harmful consequences of Covid-19 with respect to interpersonal relationships. I will argue that, as in a pandemic period, it is fear that continues to guide these relationships, and it is urgent to enter into a dynamic of reconciliation for the real healing of humanity. Furthermore, I will defend the need for an ecology of relationships so that the common good can be a reality. Interpersonal relationships and, inherently, the authenticity of human nature are crucial for an integral ecology, since it takes into account both human nature and natural nature. Thus, it will not be possible to think about safeguarding ecosystems, or even safeguarding the planet, if this reflection is not based on the truth of the human essence and on how human action – inside and outside the pandemic context – determines and shapes the reality in which we are inserted and of which we are part.
Cemeteries as Spaces of Interreligious Encounter? The Use of Different Types of Neutrality in the Context of Graveyards in Scandinavia
Authors: Bobrowicz Ryszard , Wirén Jakob 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In Scandinavia, the loss of members in established (or formerly established) churches, the rise of unaffiliated, and diverse migration led to a need for new approaches to historically Christian spaces. To create all-inclusive spaces, the idea of neutrality has been adopted. Among others, burials, and cemeteries, which are still mostly run by the national churches, have been affected by this effort. The use of neutrality in this context, however, begs the question: neutral with regard to what or to whom? This article explores the concept of neutrality in Scandinavia and studies three cases to see how it works in practice. These cases include new burial and graveyard laws in Norway, the idea of a neutral ceremony room in Denmark, and the introduction of a neutral cemetery section in Sweden.
Shaping Mind and Model: John Chrysostom’s Method of Exemplification in De Davide et Saule I
Authors: Cuijpers Mathieu 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In recent studies on Chrysostom, there has been an increased interest in his use of Biblical figures as moral examples and in his position within the ancient psychotherapeutic tradition. Building upon these new insights, this study analyses Chrysostom’s portrayal of David in the first homily De Davide et Saule (CPG 4412.1). Particular attention is paid to Chrysostom’s various techniques to visualise David, and moral exemplars more broadly. As a physician of the soul, Chrysostom not only seeks his audience to visualise David, but to interiorise this image, so it may morally transform his audience. This study shows that to inculcate a moral exemplar, he often uses a specific “spiritual exercise”, not only in the present case of David, but throughout the Chrysostomic corpus.
Basil (Ocimum basilicum) growth and biochemical attributes are influenced by various black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae frass types
Authors: Romano N. , Pande G.S.J. , Datta S.N. , Sinha A.K. , Islam S. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
A major by-product of black solider fly larvae (BSFL) farming is the leftover mineral-rich ‘frass’, which shows promise as a soil amendment. The composition of BSFL frass, and potentially their efficacy, is influenced by the initial substrate. In this study, expired fish diets (EFD) or fruits/vegetables (FV) were used to produce BSFL frass, which were separately used as a soil amendment for basil versus basil that received weekly applications of a synthetic fertilizer (SF) (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium; 18-18-21). After five weeks, measurements of the sugar content, total phenol/antioxidant capacity, and mineral composition were determined. Basil heights became significantly taller with more biomass in SF (283 g) compared to the EFD frass treatment (115 g) but not the FV frass treatment (186 g). Compared with SF, basil leaves were significantly lower in manganese, calcium, zinc and iron in both frass treatments, but magnesium was significantly higher in the frass treatments. While soluble and insoluble sugar were significantly lower in both frass treatments (total of 26 and 13 mg/g in EFD and FV, respectively) compared to SF (43 mg/g), an opposite trend occurred with total phenol/antioxidant capacity. Results indicate deficiencies of some nutrients and more frequent applications of the BSFL frass might be necessary to overcome reduced production. Overall, FV frass enhanced basil production compared to EFD frass indicating that frass type influences plant growth.
Comprehensive Harmony versus Antipathetic Duality: Thome H. Fang’s ViewPoint on the Spirit of Chinese and Western Philosophy
Authors: Li Anze 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In his comparative philosophy, Thomé H. Fang issues the spirit of Chinese philosophy as the type of wisdom of comprehensive harmony; meanwhile, Western philosophy remains a conflicting mode of thinking of bifurcation or duality. Comparatively, the spirit of Chinese philosophy possesses a superiority which might issue a challenge to Western philosophy. Fang even takes it as the only remedy capable of solving the theoretical problems of Western philosophy. Practically, Fang has revealed the theoretical problems of Western philosophy and profoundly criticized Western modernity. Although he does tend to overstate the superiority of the Chinese concept of the unity of Heaven and Human, thereby overlooking its defects, Fang has nevertheless advanced comparative philosophical research to a new stage.
Origin, Transformation and Application: Hong Xiuquan’s Mysticism in the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom
Authors: Ning Dong , Pu Jingxin 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
As a continental country full of mysterious traditions, extremely inclusive and with periodic regime changes, China has experienced various phenomena of coexistence of “theism” and “atheism” after long-standing debates. Under the belief that “God exists” with his mystical experiences, Hong Xiuquan studied Eastern and Western religions and finally set off “the practice of Islam and Manichaeism in the external form of Christianity”. Combining “the oriental native culture of Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism, witchcraft and medicine with the confrontation between the Manchu and Han regimes”, the Taiping Rebellion was carried out, which was more cruel and vast than the American Civil War.
Through comparative research on the similarities and differences between “his own and Western perceptions of his religious experience”, we grasp the causes and principles of his miraculous phenomena, such as his life, dreaming and preaching, from a new perspective on theology and life practice. It analyzes and re-examines the significance of religion in promoting the historical process of China, America and Eurasia and answers the questions of “whether Hong Xiuquan’s beliefs and miracles truly exist, and how to establish the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom through different religions” that have been neglected in the past. This research can also be used to judge the form of warfare in different cultural and religious contexts.
The Sundowner Winds Experiment (SWEX) in Santa Barbara, California: Advancing Understanding and Predictability of Downslope Windstorms in Coastal Environments
Authors: Carvalho Leila M. V. , Duine Gert-Jan , Clements Craig , De Wekker Stephan F. J. , Fernando Harindra J. S. , Fitzjarrald David R. , Fovell Robert G. , Jones Charles , Wang Zhien , White Loren , Bucholtz Anthony , Brewer Matthew J. , Brown William , Burkhart Matt , Creegan Edward , Deng Min , de Orla-Barile Marian , Emmitt David , Greco Steve , Hock Terry , Kasic James , Malarkey Kiera , Modjeski Griffin , Oncley Steven , Rockwell Alison , Seto Daisuke , Thompson Callum , Vömel Holger 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Coastal Santa Barbara is among the most exposed communities to wildfire hazards in Southern California. Downslope, dry, and gusty windstorms are frequently observed on the south-facing slopes of the Santa Ynez Mountains that separate the Pacific Ocean from the Santa Ynez valley. These winds, known as “Sundowners,” peak after sunset and are strong throughout the night and early morning. The Sundowner Winds Experiment (SWEX) was a field campaign funded by the National Science Foundation that took place in Santa Barbara, California, between 1 April and 15 May 2022. It was a collaborative effort of 10 institutions to advance understanding and predictability of Sundowners, while providing rich datasets for developing new theories of downslope windstorms in coastal environments with similar geographic and climatic characteristics. Sundowner spatiotemporal characteristics are controlled by complex interactions among atmospheric processes occurring upstream (Santa Ynez valley), and downstream due to the influence of a cool and stable marine boundary layer. SWEX was designed to enhance spatial measurements to resolve local circulations and vertical structure from the surface to the midtroposphere and from the Santa Barbara Channel to the Santa Ynez valley. This article discusses how SWEX brought cutting-edge science and the strengths of multiple ground-based and mobile instrument platforms to bear on this important problem. Among them are flux towers, mobile and stationary lidars, wind profilers, ceilometers, radiosondes, and an aircraft equipped with three lidars and a dropsonde system. The unique features observed during SWEX using this network of sophisticated instruments are discussed here.
Estimates of Southern Hemispheric Gravity Wave Momentum Fluxes across Observations, Reanalyses, and Kilometer-Scale Numerical Weather Prediction Model
Authors: Gupta Aman , Reichert Robert , Dörnbrack Andreas , Garny Hella , Eichinger Roland , Polichtchouk Inna , Kaifler Bernd , Birner Thomas 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Gravity waves (GWs) are among the key drivers of the meridional overturning circulation in the mesosphere and upper stratosphere. Their representation in climate models suffers from insufficient resolution and limited observational constraints on their parameterizations. This obscures assessments of middle atmospheric circulation changes in a changing climate. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of stratospheric GW activity above and downstream of the Andes from 1 to 15 August 2019, with special focus on GW representation ranging from an unprecedented kilometer-scale global forecast model (1.4 km ECMWF IFS), ground-based Rayleigh lidar (CORAL) observations, modern reanalysis (ERA5), to a coarse-resolution climate model (EMAC). Resolved vertical flux of zonal GW momentum (GWMF) is found to be stronger by a factor of at least 2–2.5 in IFS compared to ERA5. Compared to resolved GWMF in IFS, parameterizations in ERA5 and EMAC continue to inaccurately generate excessive GWMF poleward of 60°S, yielding prominent differences between resolved and parameterized GWMFs. A like-to-like validation of GW profiles in IFS and ERA5 reveals similar wave structures. Still, even at ∼1 km resolution, the resolved waves in IFS are weaker than those observed by lidar. Further, GWMF estimates across datasets reveal that temperature-based proxies, based on midfrequency approximations for linear GWs, overestimate GWMF due to simplifications and uncertainties in GW wavelength estimation from data. Overall, the analysis provides GWMF benchmarks for parameterization validation and calls for three-dimensional GW parameterizations, better upper-boundary treatment, and vertical resolution increases commensurate with increases in horizontal resolution in models, for a more realistic GW analysis.

Significance Statement
Gravity wave–induced momentum forcing forms a key component of the middle atmospheric circulation. However, complete knowledge of gravity waves, their atmospheric effects, and their long-term trends are obscured due to limited global observations, and the inability of current climate models to fully resolve them. This study combines a kilometer-scale forecast model, modern reanalysis, and a coarse-resolution climate model to first compare the resolved and parameterized momentum fluxes by gravity waves generated over the Andes, and then evaluate the fluxes using a state-of-the-art ground-based Rayleigh lidar. Our analysis reveals shortcomings in current model parameterizations of gravity waves in the middle atmosphere and highlights the sensitivity of the estimated flux to the formulation used.
Parameterizing Raindrop Formation Using Machine Learning
Authors: Takeishi Azusa , Wang Chien 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Raindrop formation processes in warm clouds mainly consist of condensation and collision–coalescence of small cloud droplets. Once raindrops form, they can continue growing through collection of cloud droplets and self-collection. In this study, we develop novel emulators to represent raindrop formation as a function of various physical or background environmental conditions by using a sophisticated aerosol–cloud model containing 300 droplet size bins and machine learning methods. The emulators are then implemented in two microphysics schemes in the Weather Research and Forecasting Model and tested in two idealized cases. The simulations of shallow convection with the emulators show a clear enhancement of raindrop formation compared to the original simulations, regardless of the scheme in which they were embedded. On the other hand, the simulations of deep convection show a more complex response to the implementation of the emulators, in terms of the changes in the amount of rainfall, due to the larger number of microphysical processes involved in the cloud system (i.e., ice-phase processes). Our results suggest the potential of emulators to replace the conventional parameterizations, which may allow us to improve the representation of physical processes at an affordable computational expense.

Significance Statement
Formation of raindrops marks a critical stage in cloud evolution. Accurate representations of raindrop formation processes require detailed calculations of cloud droplet growth processes. These calculations are often not affordable in weather and climate models as they are computationally expensive due to their complex dependence on cloud droplet size distributions and dynamical conditions. As a result, simplified parameterizations are more frequently used. In our study we trained machine learning models to learn raindrop formation rates from detailed calculations of cloud droplet evolutions in 1000 parcel-model simulations. The implementation of the developed models or the emulators in a weather forecasting model shows a change in the total rainfall and cloud characteristics, indicating the potential improvement of cloud representations in models if these emulators replace the conventional parameterizations.
WoFS and the Wisdom of the Crowd: The Impact of the Warn-on-Forecast System on Hourly Forecasts during the 2021 NOAA Hazardous Weather Testbed Spring Forecasting Experiment
Authors: Gallo Burkely T. , Clark Adam J. , Jirak Israel , Imy David , Roberts Brett , Vancil Jacob , Knopfmeier Kent , Burke Patrick 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
During the 2021 Spring Forecasting Experiment (SFE), the usefulness of the experimental Warn-on-Forecast System (WoFS) ensemble guidance was tested with the issuance of short-term probabilistic hazard forecasts. One group of participants used the WoFS guidance, while another group did not. Individual forecasts issued by two NWS participants in each group were evaluated alongside a consensus forecast from the remaining participants. Participant forecasts of tornadoes, hail, and wind at lead times of ∼2–3 h and valid at 2200–2300, 2300–0000, and 0000–0100 UTC were evaluated subjectively during the SFE by participants the day after issuance, and objectively after the SFE concluded. These forecasts exist between the watch and the warning time frame, where WoFS is anticipated to be particularly impactful. The hourly probabilistic forecasts were skillful according to objective metrics like the fractions skill score. While the tornado forecasts were more reliable than the other hazards, there was no clear indication of any one hazard scoring highest across all metrics. WoFS availability improved the hourly probabilistic forecasts as measured by the subjective ratings and several objective metrics, including increased POD and decreased FAR at high probability thresholds. Generally, expert forecasts performed better than consensus forecasts, though expert forecasts overforecasted. Finally, this work explored the appropriate construction of practically perfect fields used during subjective verification, which participants frequently found to be too small and precise. Using a Gaussian smoother with σ = 70 km is recommended to create hourly practically perfect fields in future experiments.

Significance Statement
This work explores the impact of cutting-edge numerical weather prediction ensemble guidance (the Warn-on-Forecast System) on severe thunderstorm hazard outlooks at watch-to-warning time scales, typically between 1 and 6 h of lead time. Real-time forecast products in this time frame are currently provided on an as-needed basis, and the transition to continuous probabilistic forecast products across scales requires targeted research. Results showed that hourly probabilistic participant forecasts were skillful subjectively and statistically, and that the experimental guidance improved the forecasts. These results are promising for the implementation and value of the Warn-on-Forecast System to provide improved hazard timing and location guidance within severe weather watches. Suggestions are made to aid future subjective evaluations of watch-to-warning-scale probabilistic forecasts.
Functional Analysis of Contextually Inappropriate Social Behavior in Children With Down Syndrome
Authors: Izquierdo Sally M. , Jessel Joshua , Fiani Theresa , Jones Emily A. 
Published: January 2024

Background: Children with Down syndrome often engage in contextually inappropriate social behavior, which researchers suggest may function to escape from difficult activities to preferred social interactions. Caregivers may reinforce the behavior, perceiving it only as evidence of the child’s social strength, when, in fact, the pattern may also prevent or slow the development of critical skills. Unlike overt forms of challenging behavior, contextually inappropriate social behavior had never been subjected to experimental analysis. Aims: The purpose of the current study was to identify and demonstrate functional control of contextually inappropriate social behavior to caregiver-informed contingencies. Method and Procedures: We interviewed caregivers and subjected contextually inappropriate social behavior to functional analyses for nine young children with Down syndrome. Outcomes and Results: We found sensitivity to the caregiver-informed contingencies for all nine participants with strong functional control and large effect sizes for most. Conclusions and Implications: Caregivers may not perceive contextually inappropriate social behavior as problematic, yet patterns of contextually inappropriate and other problem behaviors suggest decreased engagement and poor task persistence. Assessments that lead to intervention decisions may be more informative when they include questions about social topographies of behavior not typically considered as problematic. Once caregivers are aware of the pattern, they may be better prepared to intervene.
More severe supraspinatus tendon degeneration on the contralateral shoulders in patients treated for symptomatic rotator cuff tears compared to healthy controls: a quantitative MRI-based study
Authors: Xie Yuxue , Li Haoxiong , Chen Ye , Cai Jiajie , Tao Hongyue , Chen Shuang 
Published: January 2024

Background Patients treated for symptomatic rotator cuff tear (RCT) on one shoulder seem to have a higher prevalence of RCT on the contralateral shoulder. Purpose To compare the supraspinatus (SSP) tendon and RC muscle properties on the contralateral shoulder in patients after repair surgery to those healthy individuals using quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Material and Methods A total of 23 patients treated for RCT (group A) and 23 healthy controls (group B) were recruited. Constant score, visual analog scale score (VAS), and MRI examinations were conducted. The SSP tendon structural status was graded based on the Zlatkin classification and quantified on ultrashort echo time (UTE)-T2* mapping images. Fatty degeneration of RC muscles was classified according to the Goutallier classification and quantified on T2 mapping. Results The Constant and VAS scores were comparable between groups A and B (all P >0.05). No significant differences were observed in tendon structural status between the two groups ( P >0.05). However, significant differences were established in UTE-T2* values of the SSP tendon on the distal subregion between groups A and B (16.4 ± 2.4 ms vs. 14.8 ± 1.2 ms; P = 0.01). Regarding muscle degeneration, no significant differences were displayed in T2 values and Goutallier classification of RC muscles (all P >0.05). Conclusion Patients with a treated RCT demonstrated inferior SSP tendon in the distal subregion on the contralateral shoulders one year postoperatively compared to that of healthy controls based on quantitative MRI data.
Non-IgG4-Related Fibrosing Mediastinitis Diagnosed on Core Needle Biopsy and Treated with Steroids: A Case Study and Review of the Differential Diagnoses
Authors: Malkova Kseniia , Wilhelm Alyeesha B. , Uddin Hamza , Okereke Ikenna , Muthukumarana Vidarshi 
Published: January 2024

Objectives This study aimed to investigate the histological characteristics and treatment efficacy of non-immunoglobulin G4-related fibrosing mediastinitis and discuss differential diagnoses for this rare entity. Methods We present a case study of non-immunoglobulin G4-related fibrosing mediastinitis diagnosed on core biopsy and treated with steroids. A total of four 18-gauge core needle biopsy specimens were obtained for surgical pathology. Analysis of the patient's medical history, radiological characteristics of fibrosing mediastinitis, histological features, immunohistochemistry results, the differential diagnosis and treatment efficacy of different types of fibrosing mediastinitis was performed. Results This report describes a unique presentation of fibrosing mediastinitis (syncope and weight loss) that was concerning for malignancy. Histological, laboratory and radiographical studies confirmed the diagnosis of non-immunoglobulin G4-related fibrosing mediastinitis. The patient received corticosteroid treatment which showed marked improvement after 1 month of treatment. Conclusions Fibrosing mediastinitis is an extremely uncommon entity with unknown pathogenesis, and it is more important to rule out malignancy and infection than to delineate between fibrosing mediastinitis and IgG4-related disease. In doing this, we may reasonably initiate a trial of corticosteroids which may prove beneficial, as in this patient. More studies on the pathogenesis of fibrosing mediastinitis are necessary to guide better directed treatments.