bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intense oocyte competition builds the female reproductive reserve in mice
Authors: Zhang Yan , Bo Yingnan , Cheng Kaixin , Mu Lu , Liang Jing , Li Lingyu , Hu Xindi , Wang Ge , Geng Kaiying , Yang Xuebing , Wang Wenji , Jia Longzhong , Xu Xueqiang , Hu Jingmei , Wang Chao , Ke Yuwen , Xia Guoliang , Zhang Hua 
Published: January 2025

AbstractDuring the process of ovariogenesis, more than two-thirds of germ cells are sacrificed to enhance the quality of the remaining oocytes. But the detail process of selection is not completely understood in mammals. Here, by creating a high resolution 4- dimensional ovariogenesis imaging system, we recorded the progress of oocyte fate determination in live mouse ovaries, and discovered an oocyte competition mechanism that determines the survival of oocytes. We found that dominant oocytes catch and absorb the cell debris from sacrificed oocytes to enrich their cytoplasm for survival. Single-cell sequencing demonstrated that this competition follows a classic autophagy- driven model. Blocking competition by suppressing autophagy resulted in an enlarged pool of survived oocytes. However, these oocytes lacking competition were unable to fully develop and contribute to fertility. Our study suggests that mammals have evolved a unique intensive competition system to enhance oocyte quality, necessary to support their long reproductive lifespan.
Proteomic Ligandability Maps of Phosphorus(V) Stereoprobes Identify Covalent TLCD1 Inhibitors
Authors: Sharma Hayden A. , Bielecki Michael , Holm Meredith A. , Thompson Ty M. , Yin Yue , Cravatt Jacob B. , Ware Timothy B. , Reed Alex , Nassir Molham , Ewing Tamara El-Hayek , Melillo Bruno , Bazan J Fernando , Baran Phil S. , Cravatt Benjamin F. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTActivity-based protein profiling (ABPP) of stereoisomerically defined sets of electrophilic compounds (‘stereoprobes’) offers a versatile way to discover covalent ligands for proteins in native biological systems. Here we report the synthesis and chemical proteomic characterization of stereoprobes bearing a P(V)-oxathiaphospholane (OTP) reactive group. ABPP experiments identified numerous proteins in human cancer cells that showed stereoselective reactivity with OTP stereoprobes, and we confirmed several of these liganding events with recombinant proteins. OTP stereoprobes engaging the poorly characterized transmembrane protein TLCD1 impaired the incorporation of monounsaturated fatty acids into phosphatidylethanolamine lipids in cells, a lipidomic phenotype that mirrored genetic disruption of this protein. Using AlphaFold2, we found that TLCD1 structurally resembles the ceramide synthase and fatty acid elongase families of coenzyme A-dependent lipid processing enzymes. This structural similarity included conservation of catalytic histidine residues, the mutation of which blocked the OTP stereoprobe reactivity and lipid remodeling activity of recombinant TLCD1. Taken together, these data indicate that TLCD1 acts as a lipid acyltransferase in cells, and that OTP stereoprobes function as inhibitors of this enzymatic activity. Our findings thus illuminate how the chemical proteomic analysis of electrophilic compounds can facilitate the functional annotation and chemical inhibition of a key lipid metabolic enzyme in human cells.
Cascading Effects of Anthropogenic Excess Food for Predators on a Peri‐Urban Population of an Endangered Ungulate
Authors: Arnon Amir , Wronski Torsten , Malkinson Dan , Izhaki Ido , Davis Miranda 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTA major side effect of urbanization is the increased availability of food for wildlife in peri‐urban areas. Most research has focused on highly adaptive exploiter species that thrive under such conditions, overlooking avoider species, which are often predated upon by exploiters. Moreover, peri‐urban areas are often grazed by livestock, mainly to reduce the frequency and intensity of fires, a practice that can also adversely affect vulnerable wildlife species. We examined the long‐term effects of excess food provided to discourage exploiter species, namely golden jackal (Canis aureus) and wild boar (Sus scrofa), from foraging on farmland and in human residencies. Both species prey on endangered mountain gazelles (Gazella gazella) in our peri‐urban study area, which is nested within a mosaic of settlements and agricultural lands in Mediterranean Israel. Because the park is routinely subjected to seasonal cattle ranching, we included cattle stocking rate (mean ± SD: 51.77 ± 18.21 cow grazing days/ha) as an alternative factor, into our analysis. We used Generalized Linear Mixed Models to analyze an extensive dataset, comprising 724 surveys conducted over 17 years, and modeled gazelle encounter rates in response to excess food and cattle ranching, while controlling for environmental factors. Our results suggest that anthropogenic excess food through diversionary feeding led to decreasing gazelle densities, probably through increased predation by exploiter species. When diversionary feeding ceased after 12 years, gazelle encounter rates increased. We argue that this increase corresponds to population recovery, although it could be consistent with alternative mechanisms such as altered space‐use and movement patterns. To conserve vulnerable and endangered wildlife species in urban and peri‐urban areas, managers should reduce the availability of anthropogenic food for predators and scavengers. Furthermore, moderate cattle ranching (i.e., seasonal with low stocking rates) could mitigate potential adverse impacts of cattle ranching on mountain gazelle populations.
Historia natural de la distonía mioclónica asociada a variantes de SGCE en niños y adolescentes
Authors: De Francesch Valeria , Cazurro‐Gutiérrez Ana , Timmers Elze R. , Español‐Martín Gemma , Ferrero‐Turrión Julia , Gómez‐Andrés David , Marcé‐Grau Anna , Dougherty‐de Miguel Lucía , González Victoria , Moreno‐Galdó Antonio , Tijssen Marina A. J. , Pérez‐Dueñas Belén 
Published: January 2025

ResumenObjetivoInvestigar la progresión natural de la distonía mioclónica causada por variantes patogénicas de SGCE desde el inicio de los síntomas en la infancia hasta la edad adulta temprana.MétodosEn dos cohortes de pacientes de España y los Países Bajos, se realizó un seguimiento de las mioclonías y la distonía mediante escalas de valoración. Se calcularon las tasas de cambio anualizadas individuales y se evaluaron las tendencias longitudinales mediante modelos mixtos bayesianos. Las características psiquiátricas se evaluaron transversalmente en la cohorte española.ResultadosTreinta y ocho pacientes (21 varones; 17 mujeres) fueron evaluados a los 10 ± 4,6 años (rango 2–21) y a los 14,2 ± 4,7 años (rango 4–25). Se observó un empeoramiento significativo de la mioclonía de acción, la distonía global y la distonía durante la escritura (incrementos medios anuales de 1,356, 0,226 y 0,518 en las escalas de valoración Unified Myoclonus Rating Scale, Burke‐Fahn‐Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale y Writer's Cramp Rating Scale, respectivamente). En consecuencia, los pacientes percibieron un empeoramiento significativo de sus capacidades para hablar, escribir y caminar. Veintiséis de los 32 pacientes padecían trastornos de ansiedad (n = 13), obsesivo‐compulsivos (n = 9) y/o déficit de atención con hiperactividad (n = 8).InterpretaciónEste estudio demuestra que, a diferencia de lo que ocurre en la población adulta, la distonía mioclónica en la infancia y la adolescencia sigue un curso progresivo que puede ser debilitante en las primeras etapas de la vida. Estos hallazgos, junto con una alta prevalencia de síntomas psiquiátricos, ponen de relieve la necesidad de intervenciones terapéuticas tempranas para prevenir secuelas motoras y psicológicas a largo plazo.
Evaluating the Performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) in Answering and Analysing the Chinese Dental Licensing Examination
Authors: Xiong Yu‐Tao , Zhan Zheng‐Zhe , Zhong Cheng‐Lan , Zeng Wei , Guo Ji‐Xiang , Tang Wei , Liu Chang 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundThis study aimed to simulate diverse scenarios of students employing LLMs for CDLE examination preparation, providing a detailed evaluation of their performance in medical education.MethodsA stratified random sampling strategy was implemented to select and subsequently revise 200 questions from the CDLE. Seven LLMs, recognised for their exceptional performance in the Chinese domain, were selected as test subjects. Three distinct testing scenarios were constructed: answering questions, explaining questions and adversarial testing. The evaluation metrics included accuracy, agreement rate and teaching effectiveness score. Wald χ2 tests and Kruskal–Wallis tests were employed to determine whether the differences among the LLMs across various scenarios and before and after adversarial testing were statistically significant.ResultsThe majority of the tested LLMs met the passing threshold on the CDLE benchmark, with Doubao‐pro 32k and Qwen2‐72b (81%) achieving the highest accuracy rates. Doubao‐pro 32k demonstrated the highest 98% agreement rate with the reference answers when providing explanations. Although statistically significant differences existed among various LLMs in their teaching effectiveness scores based on the Likert scale, all these models demonstrated a commendable ability to deliver comprehensible and effective instructional content. In adversarial testing, GPT‐4 exhibited the smallest decline in accuracy (2%, p = 0.623), while ChatGLM‐4 demonstrated the least reduction in agreement rate (14.6%, p = 0.001).ConclusionsLLMs trained on Chinese corpora, such as Doubao‐pro 32k, demonstrated superior performance compared to GPT‐4 in answering and explaining questions, with no statistically significant difference. However, during adversarial testing, all models exhibited diminished performance, with GPT‐4 displaying comparatively greater robustness. Future research should further investigate the interpretability of LLM outputs and develop strategies to mitigate hallucinations generated in medical education.
Causes of hospitalization and mortality in persons with epilepsy: The EpiLink Bologna cohort, Italy
Authors: Muccioli Lorenzo , Zenesini Corrado , Licchetta Laura , Belotti Laura Maria Beatrice , Vito Lidia Di , Ferri Lorenzo , Fiorillo Domenico , Mostacci Barbara , Pasini Elena , Riguzzi Patrizia , Soldà Martina , Taruffi Lisa , Volpi Lilia , Mason Federico , Nonino Francesco , Michelucci Roberto , Tinuper Paolo , Vignatelli Luca , Bisulli Francesca 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundEpilepsy significantly impacts on morbidity and mortality. Understanding hospitalization and mortality risks in persons with epilepsy (PWE) is essential for improving healthcare strategies. We aimed to investigate the risk and causes of hospitalization and mortality in PWE compared to a matched general population cohort.MethodsThe EpiLink Bologna historical cohort study analyzed adult PWE in the period 2018–2019. A general population control cohort was used for comparison. Clinical data were linked with health administrative data. PWE were grouped into persons with focal epilepsy, idiopathic generalized epilepsy, and developmental and/or epileptic encephalopathy (PDEE). The primary outcome was the hospitalization rate. Emergency department (ED) visit rate and the risk of death for any cause were also assessed.ResultsThe study included 1438 PWE and 14,096 controls. PWE had higher incidence rate ratio (IRR) for ED visit (IRR 1.26, 95% CI 1.20–1.32), hospital admission (IRR 2.05, 95% CI 1.83–2.29), and death (IRR 1.5, 95% CI 1.1–2.2) compared to control cohort. The highest hospitalization risk was in the PDEE group (IRR 4.70; 95% CI 3.28–6.74). The increased hospitalization rate among PWE was due to both their higher ED visit and elective hospital admission rates. PWE on polytherapy were at higher risk of hospitalization for inflammation of jaw, acid–base/electrolyte imbalances, chronic cerebrovascular disease, major traumas and infections.ConclusionsDuring a 2‐year‐period, PWE in Bologna had a doubled risk of hospitalization and 50% higher risk of death compared to a matched general population cohort. Hospitalization risks varied significantly by epilepsy type and antiseizure therapy.
PHILOSOPHY OF HISTORY AS A CRITIQUE OF VIOLENCE: HISTORY, THEOLOGY, AND POLITICS IN WALTER BENJAMIN'S EARLY WRITINGS
Authors: NOLLET VINSENT 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTWalter Benjamin's “Critique of Violence” became a classical work on revolutionary politics mainly due to influential political‐theological expositions of its arguments. The main challenge with the political‐theological understanding of the essay, however, is that Benjamin seemingly argued against any reconciliation of politics and theology. For this reason, this article develops a historical‐philosophical rather than a political‐theological interpretation of Benjamin's “Critique of Violence.” It demonstrates how Benjamin's essay on violence can be best understood if it is read as a text containing a speculative philosophy of history. In the essay, Benjamin indeed presented the role of violence in history as a historical “law of oscillation” between lawmaking and law‐preserving violence. The problem of violence transcends the framework of the political, which can witness only “administered” violence, not violence as such, and hence cannot escape the dialectical movement of this “law.” While Benjamin's philosophy of history is usually located in the final period of his philosophical activity and comprises a messianic‐Marxist complex, Benjamin's “Critique of Violence” suggests the existence of a more substantial philosophy of history in Benjamin's early writings than is usually assumed. The period between 1919 and 1922 especially shows a concentration of anarchistic and nihilistic texts devoted to developing this philosophy of history.
Christendom and Hindutva
Authors: Singh David Emmanuel 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe Council of Nicaea took place at Constantine's initiative to harmonize religious belief and law into a state‐subscribed orthodoxy. From a socio‐political viewpoint, the council appeared to use a standardized version of Christianity as an instrument of the empire. The focus in this paper is not on Constantine's initiative or its impact on the non‐conforming minorities; rather, it uses this impact as a lens for reviewing an emerging Hindu empire in India. For much of its independent history, India was largely successful in keeping Hindutva's 19th‐century undercurrents at bay from polity. The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), however, exposed the shallowness of the Indian experiment with secularism. As Hindutva embraces politics, it also exercises social control. In this sense, Hindutva is no different from Christendom, especially when viewed from the perspective of the impact it has on the minorities: a new act on citizenship, dissent‐violence, and reconversions. What this shows is that colonial despotism continues even today.
Worker Runs
Authors: HOFFMANN FLORIAN , VLADIMIROV VLADIMIR 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe voluntary departure of hard‐to‐replace skilled workers worsens firm prospects, which can lead to additional departures. We develop a model in which firms design compensation to limit the risk of such “worker runs.” To achieve cost‐efficient retention, firms combine fixed wages with dilutable compensation—such as vesting equity or bonus pools—which pays remaining workers more when others leave but gets diluted otherwise. Compensating (identical) workers with differently structured compensation, that is, with a different mix of output‐dependent and output‐independent pay, can further mitigate the risk of worker runs by ensuring a critical retention level in a cost‐efficient way.
Wealth and Insurance Choices: Evidence from U.S. Households
Authors: GROPPER MICHAEL J. , KUHNEN CAMELIA M. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTUsing administrative data for 63,000 individuals across 2,500,000 person‐month observations, we find that wealthier individuals have better life insurance coverage, controlling for the value of the asset insured, namely, the consumption needs of dependents. This positive wealth‐insurance correlation, which is surprising given the prevailing view that wealth substitutes for insurance, persists after allowing for wealth‐related differences in risk or bequest preferences, pricing, background risk, education, employment, or liquidity constraints. Our findings call for further investigation of this wealth‐coverage correlation but support theories emphasizing the consumption‐smoothing role of insurance across not only states of the world, but also time.
GS2 cooperates with IPA1 to control panicle architecture
Authors: Wang Yueying , Lv Yang , Wen Yi , Wang Junge , Hu Peng , Wu Kaixiong , Chai Bingze , Gan Shuxian , Liu Jialong , Wu Yue , Zhu Lixin , Dong Nannan , Tan Yiqing , Wu Hao , Zhang Guangheng , Zhu Li , Ren Deyong , Zhang Qiang , Wang Yuexing , Qian Qian , Hu Jiang 
Published: January 2025

Summary
Panicle size and grain number are important agronomic traits that determine grain yield in rice. However, the underlying mechanism regulating panicle size and grain number remains largely unknown.
Here, we report that GS2 plays an important role in regulating panicle architecture. The RNAi of GS2™ (target site mutation, TM) produced erect and dense panicle with increased primary and secondary branches and grain number per panicle, whereas the overexpression of GS2™ showed longer panicles and fewer grains than wild‐type.
GS2 directly binds to the GCCA motif and significantly enhances the transcriptional activation ability through the interaction with IPA1. DEP1 is a common target gene of GS2 and IPA1 in regulating branch number and grain number per panicle. The pyramiding of GS2™ and IPA1™1 (Target site mutation1, TM1) on hybrid rice can significantly increase rice yield.
Our findings reveal the novel function of GS2 and the molecular mechanism of GS2/IPA1‐DEP1 module in controlling panicle architecture.
Photoperiodic flowering and AFT/FTL3 gene expression in flowering‐time varieties in chrysanthemum
Authors: Takahashi Shigekazu , Nakano Yoshihiro , Sumitomo Katsuhiko , Hisamatsu Tamotsu , Oda Atsushi , Onoue Noriyuki , Mizubayashi Tatsumi , Yamakawa Hiromoto 
Published: January 2025

AbstractChrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.) is a short‐day plant, and flowering is stimulated when the photoperiod is shorter than a variety‐specific threshold (critical day length). In Japan, summer‐to‐autumn‐flowering cultivars (SA‐cvs.) flower from July to September. Little research has been conducted to understand why SA‐cvs. bloom earlier than autumn‐flowering cultivars (A‐cvs.). We conducted a comparative study of the relationship between the photoperiodic response of flowering and the gene expression of florigen FLOWERING LOCUS T‐like 3 (FTL3) and antiflorigen anti‐florigenic FT/TFL1 (AFT). SA‐cvs. had a longer critical day length than A‐cvs. However, in both groups, a decrease in AFT and increase in FTL3 were consistently observed below the critical day length when flowering was promoted. The opposite responses (less flowering, low FTL3, and high AFT) were observed for longer than the critical day lengths. This indicated that flowering in SA‐cvs. was controlled by the regulation of AFT/FTL3 expression, similar to that in A‐cvs. Next, we studied the mechanism that causes a variation in critical day lengths. In SA‐cvs., the photosensitive phase, which occurs at night, occurs earlier than that in A‐cvs. This indicates a variation in the endogenous time‐keeping mechanism. This was supported by the fact that the circadian rhythmicity of leaf movement was weaker in SA‐cvs. than that in A‐cvs. Thus, variation in the endogenous time‐keeping mechanism may cause a longer critical day length and earlier flowering time in SA‐cvs.
Treatment options for preventing autoimmune-mediated congenital heart block: a systematic review
Authors: Agarwal Abhishek , Skoutelis Nikolaos , Zhou Yufeng , Kawanami Reina , Charras Amandine , Occhigrossi Felice , Agarwal Umber , Khan Sophia , Donegan Sarah , Hawcutt Daniel 
Published: January 2025

ObjectiveComplete congenital heart block (CHB) due to anti-Ro/La antibodies in pregnancy can lead to adverse fetal outcomes and neonatal death. National and international guidelines do not recommend specific treatment for women identified with anti-Ro antibodies while pregnant.DesignSystematic review of studies of pregnant women with anti-Ro/La antibodies undertaking treatment(s) to prevent CHB. Studies solely focused on treating developing or established CHB were excluded.Main outcome measureCHB incidence.ResultsOf 1049 articles, 20 studies were eligible, of which 13 were retrospective. Sixteen studies contained usable data comparing various treatments (seven hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), six corticosteroids, two intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and one each on combined HCQ and corticosteroids and plasmapheresis), including 2134 women and 2915 pregnancies. Meta-analysis was not possible due to heterogeneity. HCQ as primary prophylaxis showed protective effect on CHB incidence in four of five studies, whereas for preventing recurrence, only one study had a comparator arm, which showed a protective effect. Corticosteroids showed protective effect on CHB incidence as primary prophylaxis in two of three studies, whereas in recurrence, only one study showed protective effect. The IVIG study with a comparator showed no protective effect on CHB recurrence. Two studies (IVIG and plasmapheresis) had no comparator. The long-term toxicity of treatments was poorly investigated.ConclusionHCQ showed the most evidence among various treatment options to prevent CHB in babies of women with anti-Ro/La antibodies. However, included studies had high risk of bias and imprecision. Future studies should be prospective, compare existing treatments and capture adverse effects.PROSPERO registration number CRD42023492934.
Health-related quality of life in patients with liver cirrhosis following adjunctive nurse-based care versus standard medical care: a pragmatic, multicentre, randomised controlled study
Authors: Hjorth Maria , Sjöberg Daniel , Svanberg Anncarin , Lo Martire Riccardo , Kaminsky Elenor , Rorsman Fredrik 
Published: January 2025

ObjectivesPatients have difficulties in understanding how to manage their liver cirrhosis. This highlights a need for support in comprehending health-related information, which remains largely lacking within liver cirrhosis care. Involvement of registered nurses (RNs) in outpatient liver cirrhosis care has potential to improve quality of care and reduce patient mortality. However, the benefits of nursing care on patients’ health-related quality of life (HRQoL) are scarcely studied. This study compared HRQoL in patients receiving either standard medical outpatient care or adjunctive, nurse-led care. The risk of malnutrition, decompensation events and mortality were also compared between the two study groups.MethodsThis was a pragmatic, multicentre, randomised trial, which enrolled 167 patients with liver cirrhosis. The primary outcome measure, HRQoL, was assessed using the RAND-36 questionnaire. The physical component summary (PCS) and the mental component summary (MCS) scores of RAND-36 were compared, using linear mixed-effects models for repeated measures, at 12 and 24 months.Results83 patients received standard medical care, and 84 patients received adjunctive, nurse-led care for 24 months. Due to unforeseen circumstances, the final study population of 167 participants was less than the intended 500. Group comparisons were non-significant of the PCS and MCS scores (−1.1, p=0.53 and −0.7, p=0.67, respectively), malnutrition (p=0.62) and decompensation events (p=0.46), after 24 months. However, mortality was three times higher in the control group compared with the intervention group (12 vs 4, p=0.04) after 24 months.ConclusionsIn this study, adjunctive nurse-led care was not superior to standard medical outpatient care regarding HRQoL, risk of developing malnutrition or decompensation. However, RN involvement contributed to early identification of decompensation and reduced mortality.Trial registration numberNCT02957253.