bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fracturing combined Arabic and dialects of the Arabian Peninsula Ass.Lecture Rana Alaa Badri
Authors: Badri Ass.Lecture Rana Alaa , Reda Ass.Lecture Shahla Khalid Muhammad 
Published: February 2024

The Arabic language is one of the dialects of the Arabian Peninsula, as Khalil bin Ahmad al-Farahidi (175 AH) pointed out the relationship between Arabic and one of its sisters, saying:)) Canaan son of Shem son of Noah, to him belong the Canaanites and they spoke a language close to Arabic ((( ), and he brought Arabic closer to the other dialects of the Arabian Peninsula, which made us conclude that it is one of them, as it goes back to one component that has its sound system that is known by it, so most often the sounds of these dialects are similar except for some sounds that were replaced or disappeared for some reason ( ).
The term (Semitic peoples) (Semites) was applied to the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula, and the first to conceive of this term was the orientalist (Schloezer) ((Schloezer (1781) attributed to the sons of (Shem son of Noah) (), and one of the researchers mentioned that the correct name for those peoples from a historical and geographical point of view is (the peoples of the island) or (the islanders) or (the ancient Arab peoples) (), or (the islandic) attributed to the dialects of the Arabian Peninsula ( ). And Dr. Wala'a Sadiq Muhsin has another opinion, as she called them (dialects) and explained that she did not say languages on the assumption that these dialects are a unified language for the dialects of the Arabian Peninsula, which is what was called the mother tongue ( ). And in this research we adopt the opinion of the professor and what she pointed out.
The Regional and their applications in Geography and its fields between illusion and truth
Authors: Sha'aban Asst. Prof. Huda Khalid 
Published: February 2024

The regions are the product of regional studies that researchers exchange in their studies in the natural and human sciences of geography, where the applications of the regions have extended in many sciences, such as sociology, economics, soil, planning, soil, plant environmental sciences until a special science of the region emerged called (regional science). The idea of division entered the field of social planning such as planning and development regions with the aim of achieving regional justice between cities. The applications of the regions varied among researchers according to the goal and need for them. They were distinguished by the stability of the natural regions and the mobility of the human regions. To achieve this, the research relied on the descriptive and analytical methods as well as the desk survey.

Received 6/10/2023
, Accepted 26/11/2023
, Published 31/12/2023
The role of pronouns in achieving textual coherence in the words of Allama Majlisi in the book Al-Mukhtaqkez of Objective Interpretation in Bihar Al-Anwar (A descriptive and analytical study)
Authors: Juma Mushtaq Kazem , Hassanalian Dr. Somayeh , Daoud Prof Dr. Imad Jabbar Kazem 
Published: February 2024

The pronouns play an important role in making verbal mechanisms of verbal cohesion in the real linguistic context; because they refer to antecedents or postpositions and this text consists of names or sentences that form a syntactic structure that contributes to the cohesion of meaning in the text; it makes the text have a semantic feature that shows the intention of the text for the listener.
If it is true that the pronouns had an important role in explaining the meaning of the signatory's speech in interpreting verses of the Quran, because his interpretation was rich with compatible and harmonious pronouns with the verses of the Quran that he interpreted and what it includes opinions, meanings and knowledge with verses of the Quran, then his interpretation is a matter of using it as a reference pronoun in accordance with its content and economy for speech, as well as participating in linking descriptive from among reference antecedents (the letter, and alif, and na) and reference postpositions (the pronoun) .
The social conditions of Shatra during the British rule 1918-1921 Prof Dr. Shakir Hussein Dumdum
Authors: Dumdum Prof Dr. Shakir Hussein 
Published: February 2024

This topic deals with the social conditions of Shatra during the British rule 1918-1921. This research came from four basic topics: The first topic was devoted to the British policy and its impact on the nature of the social structure in Shatra. While the second topic touched on the social organizations of the Shatra tribes during the British rule. The third topic dealt with the impact of non-Muslim religious sects in Shatra on social life. The fourth and final topic came to address the aspects of social life in Shatra from education, health, endowments and sports.
The research relied on a variety of sources, especially unpublished and published British documents. As well as Arabic, Arabized and foreign books and some published articles.
The British domination of Iraq added its political importance mainly to some tribes with a high percentage, this from one side, and from another side the emergence of worthy personalities in these tribes. In Shatra, some personalities appeared on the stage of tribal leadership, so we notice the emergence of more than one sheikh on the leadership of one tribe, and that some of these personalities feel that they have achieved something for their tribe and have a reputation among the tribes.

Received 6/4/2023
, Accepted 5/8/2023 ,
Published 30/9/2023.
France's position on the Polish-Bolshevik war 1919-1920
Authors: Hussein Dr. Zahraa Razaq 
Published: February 2024

France emerged victorious from the First World War, but had to face complex international problems of regional, ideological and military nature. Its former ally, Tsarist Russia, which represented a counterweight to the defeated but powerful Germany, was in the midst of a civil war, in which the Bolsheviks prevailed and began to declare the necessity of exporting the revolution to Western European countries. As a result, the Red Army, which advanced westward, clashed with the newly established Polish state, which was completely dependent on the Western countries.
For the Poles, this was a struggle with both communism and the perennial Russian imperialism. The Western countries helped Poland, especially France, which was seen as the real wall of Western Europe against the Bolsheviks and their communist ideology, and the assistance provided by the French army contributed to some extent to the victory of the Polish Republic, but the Paris government was contradictory regarding the disputed regional issues. To appreciate the nature of this French - Russian - Polish "triangle", it must be seen in a larger historical context in which the Poles were never an equal partner to the French.

Received 6/6/2023,
Accepted 5/8/2023 ,
Published 30/9/2023.
The concept of purification and the impact of aesthetic education in establishing the values of virtue and tolerance
Authors: Al-Taie Lecture . Hussein Abbas 
Published: February 2024

Summary This research mainly discusses the concept of catharsis in Aristotle’s Poetics, and how this concept had a precedent in Plato’s philosophy, especially in the Laws dialogue, where we find the content of the concept of catharsis. The research also discusses the importance of the concept of catharsis and its close connection with the education of art and beauty and their essential impact on the upbringing and socialization of children in all educational stages. It is known that this approach has been defended and disseminated by philosophers and educators such as Friedrich Schiller, John Dewey, and Herbert Read. This research paper uses a field study conducted by a group of researchers in the United States of America, to show us the positive results and effectiveness of teaching art and beauty to school students.

Received 3/6/2023,
Accepted 11/8/2023
, Published 30/9/2023.
Моделювання процесу прямого окиснення атмосферного азоту та дослідження оптимальної конструкції установки отримання нітратної кислоти
Authors: Слободянюк В.П. , Кузьменко А.В. , Целіщев О.Б. , Кудрявцев С.О. , Лорія М.Г. , Дурищев О.А. 
Published: February 2024

В роботі досліджено процес окиснення молекулярного азоту високоенергетичними окисниками (парою нітратної кислоти, продуктами термолізу нітратної кислоти, гідроген пероксидом).
Розроблено принципову схему установки прямого окиснення молекулярного азоту, розроблено методику проведення експерименту та аналізу нітрогеновміснихсполук та інших учасників реакції. Методи дослідження - моделювання процесу прямого окиснення молекулярного азоту з використанням результатів попередніх досліджень та результатів теоретичних квантово-хімічних досліджень, обробка та аналіз отриманих результатів.
Було проведено детальний аналіз експериментальних та теоретичних даних, що стосуються можливості здійснення процесу прямого окиснення молекулярного азоту парою нітратної кислоти та гідроген пероксидом. Для досягнення цієї мети була розроблена принципова схема лабораторної установки з внесенням модифікацій для дослідження ефектів Караваєва, Нагієва та Захарова. Також були запропоновані методики аналізу оксидів нітрогену у газовій фазі та для дослідження кількісного вмісту нітратної кислоти у розчині та якісного визначення присутності закису нітрогену, як можливого продукту реакції. Для реалізації процесу отримання нітратної кислоти з атмосферного повітря методом Захарова І.І. з використанням ефектів Караваєва та Нагієва найбільш перспективною виявилась конструкція реакторного вузла, що складається з трубки-реактора, суміщеної із котушкою Тесли та з підведенням регульованого потоку повітря в зону розряду, виведенням реакційних газів з трубки-реактору в доокиснювач-охолоджувач та подальша абсорбція з окисненням до нітратної кислоти оксидів нітрогену в абсорбері, заповненим водою з додаванням перекису водню.
Ефективно впливає на збільшення концентрації оксидів нітрогену в реакційних газах зменшення витрати повітря та поліпшення контакту (через зменшення діаметру вхідного отвору або самого реактору) повітря із розрядом котушки Тесла, або з полум’ям плазмогенератору. Додавання перекису водню покращує окиснення та абсорбцію оксидів нітрогену з утворенням кислоти в абсорбері.
Personalidad en adultos emergentes ecuatorianos
Authors: Torres Vizuete Ramiro Eduardo , Llerena Cruz Ángel Gustavo , Sánchez Acosta Adriana Carolina , Aguilera Vásconez Renata Patricia 
Published: February 2024

Introducción. La personalidad es un tema de estudio frecuente tanto por el interés intrínseco que genera, como por la diversidad de teorías que han sustentado su desarrollo e intentado explicar su comportamiento. Objetivo. Estas diferencias entre rasgos de personalidad se manifiestan en diferente intensidad de sujeto a sujeto, así también entre sexos y determinar la proporción existente en estudiantes universitarios. Metodología. El grupo etario en el cual se centra esta investigación genera otro factor que cautiva por las particularidades de su condición, la edad emergente es el inicio de lo que se considera una personalidad establecida, siendo los rasgos de personalidad más o menos estables. Con la finalidad de disponer de un grupo representativo se contó con la participación de 745 voluntarios 293 hombres y 452 mujeres pertenecientes a dos instituciones de educación superior, para determinar la población se utilizó un muestreo no probabilístico bola de nieve; el instrumento utilizado para recolectar la información fue el inventario SEAPsI. Resultados. Los resultados del estudio demuestran que la personalidad cognitiva presenta un porcentaje del 43,49%, la personalidad afectiva un 37,58%, en la personalidad con déficit relacional un 12,21% y la personalidad comportamental un 6,71%; se identifica también mayor presencia de personalidad afectiva en los más jóvenes del grupo que corresponde a edades de 18 a 20 años. El análisis de dependencia entre variables edad y tipos de personalidad (X2= 177.35: p < .05). Los resultados en cuanto al sexo y tipo de personalidad indican que el 25,4% de la población que tiene personalidad de tipo afectivo son mujeres superando a los hombres en una proporción de 2 a 1, mientras la personalidad que más destacan los hombres es de tipo cognitivo con un 18,8% existiendo una diferencia de 5,9% frente a las mujeres quienes los superan con un 24,7%, la relación de significancia entre estas variables es (X2= 24.546: p < .05). Conclusión. La personalidad podría ser utilizado como predictor de conductas en los estudiantes universitarios, de relaciones interpersonales, resolución de problemas, actitud competitiva, capacidad de logro; se determinó una relación dos a uno en donde las mujeres son mayoría en relación a los hombres y estas presentan una personalidad afectiva, mientras que los hombres presentan una personalidad cognitiva. Área de estudio general: Psicología. Área de estudio específica: Teorías de la personalidad. Tipo de estudio: Artículos originales.
Comparative Study of Serum Calcium Level Between Postmenopausal and Premenopausal Women
Authors: Tabassum M , Mahmuda H , Sultana A , Chowdhury FA 
Published: February 2024

In postmenopausal women, more significant bony consequences are associated with low blood calcium levels. A observational cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Biochemistry, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka from July 2014 to June 2015. Serum calcium levels were compared between postmenopausal women as cases and premenopausal women as controls. The study sample size was 100 of which 50 were postmenopausal, and 50 were premenopausal. Mean (±SD) of serum calcium level was significantly higher in the premenopausal group than in the postmenopausal group. Serum calcium level was 8.66±0.43 mg/dL in postmenopausal women and 9.12±0.59mg/dL in premenopausal women. Both the values were within the normal reference range, but the difference was statistically significant with a p-value of 0.001. By this research work, it is observed that postmenopausal women are more prone to develop osteoporosis with a decreased serum calcium concentration. Routine check-up of this biochemical parameter may provide valuable information for preventing osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal women.
Bangladesh J Med Biochem 2019; 12(1): 1-5
HE4 as a Biomarker for Diagnosis of Malignant Ovarian Masses in Bangladeshi Population
Authors: Sultana SJJ , Hoque MM , Sejooti SS , Salma U , Akther S , Nipa UR 
Published: February 2024

Ovarian cancer is one of the commonest cancers in gynecology with very high fatality to case ratio. In approximately 70% of all cases of ovarian cancers, the disease is not diagnosed before reaching an advanced stage. Thus early diagnosis of ovarian malignant tumor becomes a key factor in improving the survival rate of patients. This study was aimed to evaluate HE4 (Human Epididymis 4) biomarker for the diagnosis of ovarian malignancy in admitted patients with pelvic mass of ovarian origin scheduled for surgery from Obstetrics and Gynecology department of different medical colleges of Dhaka city and Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU). It was a cross-sectional analytical study carried out by non-probability sampling. For this study, 110 admitted patients with ovarian tumor scheduled for surgery were selected.Purpose and procedure of the study was explained in details and informed written consent was taken from all the study subjects before collection of blood sample. Clinical information was taken from the patients’ hospital notes. Before surgery serum HE4 was measured and after surgery, histopathology reports were collected for each patient.Depending on histopathology reports, patients were categorized as benign and malignant. Diagnostic efficacy of HE4 was evaluated with respect to sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and likelihood ratios considering histopathology report as gold standard. To evaluate the performance of HE4 based on optimal cut-off (34.3 pmol/L), we found better sensitivity, NPV and satisfactory likelihood ratios but low specificity and PPV compared to suggested cut-off. The findings of this study shows that HE4 is not a useful biomarker to help in the assessment and management of patients with suspected ovarian cancer.
Bangladesh J Med Biochem 2019; 12(1): 11-15
Peripheral Blood Film Patterns in Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Carrier
Authors: Sadiya S , Khan WA , Banu B , Sarwardi G , Rahman Y 
Published: February 2024

Thalassemia and hemoglobinopthies are the commonest genetic disorders of hemoglobin. The disease has autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance. Screening of thalassemia and hemoglobinopathy carriers is a burning issue to prevent new cases. Thalassemia and hemoglobinopathies can be prevented by genetic testing followed by genetic counseling, if we can detect carriers of thalassemia or hemoglobinopathies by an easy method. The objective of this study was to see the peripheral blood film pattern among the carriers of thalassemia and hemoglobinopathies. It was a cross-sectional study conducted from September 2015 to November 2015. A total of 437 random specimens were collected from three tribal groups. Two mL of venous blood were collected in EDTA tube. Hemoglobin variants were studied by HPLC method using Variant Hemoglobin Testing System (Variant II Beta Thalassemia Short Program). Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS statistical package (version 23.0). Data were analyzed by frequency distribution. In this study, total 437 respondents were examined for blood test. Male to female ratio was 1:1. The study included cases from 2 years to 82 years where mean age was 18.3±12.0 years. In clinical analysis, Hb ranged from 8.5 to 19.0 gm/dL and 187 cases were found normochromic, 110 cases anisochromic 140 cases hypochromic. Among them, 38.2% were normal individuals, Hb E Trait were 34.8%, Hemoglobin E disease were 21.7% and Beta Thalassemia trait were 5.3%.Peripheral blood film and hemoglobin status may give an idea about thalassaemia and hemoglbinopathy trait or carrier. In the suspected cases, High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) may be done to confirm the diagnosis.
Bangladesh J Med Biochem 2019; 12(2): 23-30
Delitos contra la mujer, defensa del hombre: alegaciones en derecho sobre estupro y rapto (Aragón, s. XVII)
Authors: Jarque Martínez Encarna 
Published: February 2024

Se estudian aquí una serie de Alegaciones del siglo xvii aragonés sobre estupro y rapto, delitos calificados como atroces por las leyes aragonesas. Son escrituras de apelación de la sentencia del tribunal ordinario a la instancia superior, la Sala Criminal de la Audiencia del reino. A través de estos documentos se puede recomponer el proceso criminal y los asuntos que se valoraban en delitos considerados de difícil probanza.
Estas alegaciones se redactaban generalmente en beneficio del presunto delincuente, el hombre. Sin embargo, son importantes para la mujer. Descubren que la denuncia de estos delitos partió del procurador astricto (fiscal local) que actuaba de oficio. Ese oficial logró que estos crímenes no quedaran impunes por causa de la debilidad de las afectadas.
Fabrication and properties of PLA/β-TCP scaffolds using liquid crystal display (LCD) photocuring 3D printing for bone tissue engineering
Authors: Wang Boqun , Ye Xiangling , Chen Guocai , Zhang Yongqiang , Zeng Zhikui , Liu Cansen , Tan Zhichao , Jie Xiaohua 
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Bone defects remain a thorny challenge that clinicians have to face. At present, scaffolds prepared by 3D printing are increasingly used in the field of bone tissue repair. Polylactic acid (PLA) has good thermoplasticity, processability, biocompatibility, and biodegradability, but the PLA is brittle and has poor osteogenic performance. Beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) has good mechanical properties and osteogenic induction properties, which can make up for the drawbacks of PLA.Methods: In this study, photocurable biodegradable polylactic acid (bio-PLA) was utilized as the raw material to prepare PLA/β-TCP slurries with varying β-TCP contents (β-TCP dosage at 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 35% of the PLA dosage, respectively). The PLA/β-TCP scaffolds were fabricated using liquid crystal display (LCD) light-curing 3D printing technology. The characterization of the scaffolds was assessed, and the biological activity of the scaffold with the optimal compressive strength was evaluated. The biocompatibility of the scaffold was assessed through CCK-8 assays, hemocompatibility assay and live-dead staining experiments. The osteogenic differentiation capacity of the scaffold on MC3T3-E1 cells was evaluated through alizarin red staining, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) detection, immunofluorescence experiments, and RT-qPCR assays.Results: The prepared scaffold possesses a three-dimensional network structure, and with an increase in the quantity of β-TCP, more β-TCP particles adhere to the scaffold surface. The compressive strength of PLA/β-TCP scaffolds exhibits a trend of initial increase followed by decrease with an increasing amount of β-TCP, reaching a maximum value of 52.1 MPa at a 10% β-TCP content. Degradation rate curve results indicate that with the passage of time, the degradation rate of the scaffold gradually increases, and the pH of the scaffold during degradation shows an alkaline tendency. Additionally, Live/dead staining and blood compatibility experiments suggest that the prepared PLA/β-TCP scaffold demonstrates excellent biocompatibility. CCK-8 experiments indicate that the PLA/β-TCP group promotes cell proliferation, and the prepared PLA/β-TCP scaffold exhibits a significant ability to enhance the osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells in vitro.Discussion: 3D printed LCD photocuring PLA/β-TCP scaffolds could improve surface bioactivity and lead to better osteogenesis, which may provide a unique strategy for developing bioactive implants in orthopedic applications.