bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measurements of the kinetics of the OH‐initiated oxidation of β‐pinene: Radical propagation in the OH + β‐pinene + O2 + NO reaction system
Authors: Davis Maxine E. , Tapscott Craig , Stevens Philip S. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe mechanism of the OH‐initiated oxidation of β‐pinene in the presence of NO has been investigated using a discharge‐flow system at 5 Torr and 300 K. OH radical concentrations were measured as a function of reaction time by laser‐induced fluorescence (LIF). The rate constant for the OH +β‐pinene reaction was measured to be (7.68 ± 0.72) ×10−11 cm3 molecule−1 s−1. OH radical propagation was observed after the addition of O2 and NO, and the measured OH concentration profiles were compared to simulations based on both the Master Chemical Mechanism and the Regional Atmospheric Chemistry Mechanism for β‐pinene oxidation in order to determine the ability of these mechanisms to describe the observed efficiency of radical propagation. Both models are able to reproduce the observed OH concentrations profiles to within 15%. Expanding the MCM to include isomerization of the β‐hydroxy alkoxy radicals improves the agreement with the experimental observations. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 37: 522–531, 2005
Comparative sensitivity analysis of transport properties and reaction rate coefficients
Authors: Brown Nancy J. , Revzan Kenneth L. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractTransport properties of chemical species are required for many combustion models. A sensitivity analysis is conducted to assess the significance of transport properties and their underlying molecular parameterizations for atmospheric pressure premixed laminar flames for three different fuels and two different approaches to transport property calculations. The analysis is performed at both the macroscopic level of Arrhenius A‐factors and transport coefficients as well as at the molecular scale. First‐ and second‐order sensitivities of reactant, intermediate, and product species concentrations, temperature, and flame velocity were calculated with respect to various parameters, all within the mixture approximation using ADIFOR 2.0, a software package that supports exact differentiation. Parameters considered were the binary diffusion coefficients, pure species thermal conductivity coefficients, and thermal diffusion ratios. The more fundamental molecular parameters: collision diameters, well depths, dipole moments, polarizabilities, and the rotational relaxation collision numbers were also considered.Influential transport properties are found to be as important in flame modeling as influential reaction rates, and both should be taken into account when building chemical mechanisms. Transport parameter importance was found to vary according to the independent variable being considered and the flame type. Magnitudes of sensitivities appear to be more influenced by the underlying molecular parameters than the approach used to compute the transport properties. The number of significant sensitivities to transport parameters increases for the progression: flame temperature, flame velocity, reactant species, product species, and intermediate radical species. Many dependent variables have significant sensitivities to the pure species thermal conductivities of N2, O2, and the fuel. At the molecular level, large sensitivities to the collision diameters of several species are also observed, but significant sensitivity to well depths, although observed is less and more rare. Large sensitivities are not observed to the rotational relaxation collision number, the dipole moment, or to the molecular polarizability. Second‐order sensitivities are significant for a number of dependent variables. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 37: 538–553, 2005
Boronolectins and fluorescent boronolectins: An examination of the detailed chemistry issues important for the design
Authors: Yan Jun , Fang Hao , Wang Binghe 
Published: July 2005

AbstractGlycans in the form of glycoproteins or glycolipids play very critical roles in various biological and pathological processes including inflammation, cancer metastasis, immune reactions, embryo development, cell–cell communications and adhesions, blood generation, etc. Proteins (lectins) that can recognize carbohydrates have played very important roles in studying glycobiology. Small molecule mimics of lectins will be very useful in the development of new therapeutics and diagnostics. Along this line, boronic acids have been widely used in the design and synthesis of small organic compounds that mimic the function of lectins. This review examines in detail the factors that are important for the design of boronic acid‐based lectin mimics, boronolectins. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fatigue of muscles weakened by death of motoneurons
Authors: Thomas Christine K. , Zijdewind Inge 
Published: July 2005

AbstractWeakness is a characteristic of muscles influenced by the postpolio syndrome (PPS), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and spinal cord injury (SCI). The strength deficits relate to changes in muscle use and to the chronic denervation that can follow the spinal motoneuron death common to these disorders. PPS, ALS, and SCI also involve variable amounts of supraspinal neuron death, the effects of which on muscle weakness remains unclear. Nevertheless, weakness of muscle itself defines the functional consequences of these disorders. A weaker muscle requires an individual to work that muscle at higher than usual intensities relative to its maximal capacity, inducing progressive fatigue and an increased sense of effort. Little evidence is available to suggest that the fatigue commonly experienced by individuals with these disorders relates to an increase in the intrinsic fatigability of the muscle fibers. The only exception is when SCI induces chronic muscle paralysis. To reduce long‐term functional deficits in these disorders, studies must identify the signaling pathways that influence neuron survival and determine the factors that encourage and limit sprouting of motor axons. This may ensure that a greater proportion of the fibers in each muscle remain innervated and available for use. Muscle Nerve, 2005
Modeling multiple stage manufacturing systems with generalized costs and capacity issues
Authors: Simpson N.C. , Erenguc S. Selcuk 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThis study introduces one modeling methodology that describes a broad range of multiple stage production planning issues, including multiple limited resources with setup times and joint fixed cost relationships. An existing production system is modeled in this fashion, creating a new set of 1350 highly generalized benchmark problems. A computational study is conducted with the 1350 benchmark problems introduced in this paper and 2100 benchmark problems, with more restrictive assumptions, from the existing literature. The relative merits of a decomposition‐based algorithm and a neighborhood search technique known as NIPPA, or the Non‐sequential Incremental Part Period Algorithm, are assessed. NIPPA is generally the more successful of the two techniques, although there are specific instances in which the decomposition‐based algorithm displayed a distinct advantage. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2005
Properties of the geometric and related processes
Authors: Braun W. John , Li Wei , Zhao Yiqiang Q. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractSome properties of the geometric process are studied along with those of a related process which we propose to call the α‐series process. It is shown that the expected number of counts at an arbitrary time does not exist for the decreasing geometric process. The decreasing version of the α‐series process does have a finite expected number of counts, under certain conditions. This process also has the same advantages of tractability as the geometric process; it exhibits some properties which may make it a useful complement to the increasing geometric process. In addition, it may be fit to observed data as easily as the geometric process. Applications in reliability and stochastic scheduling are considered in order to demonstrate the versatility of the alternative model. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2005
Machine scheduling with pickup and delivery
Authors: Li Chung‐Lun , Ou Jinwen 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe coordination of production, supply, and distribution is an important issue in logistics and operations management. This paper develops and analyzes a single‐machine scheduling model that incorporates the scheduling of jobs and the pickup and delivery arrangements of the materials and finished jobs. In this model, there is a capacitated pickup and delivery vehicle that travels between the machine and the storage area, and the objective is to minimize the makespan of the schedule. The problem is strongly NP‐hard in general but is solvable in polynomial time when the job processing sequence is predetermined. An efficient heuristic is developed for the general problem. The effectiveness of the heuristic is studied both analytically and computationally. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2005.
Boundary element‐free method (BEFM) for two‐dimensional elastodynamic analysis using Laplace transform
Authors: Liew K. M. , Cheng Yumin , Kitipornchai S. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractIn this paper, we present a direct meshless method of boundary integral equation (BIE), known as the boundary element‐free method (BEFM), for two‐dimensional (2D) elastodynamic problems that combines the BIE method for 2D elastodynamics in the Laplace‐transformed domain and the improved moving least‐squares (IMLS) approximation. The formulae for the BEFM for 2D elastodynamic problems are given, and the numerical procedures are also shown. The BEFM is a direct numerical method, in which the basic unknown quantities are the real solutions of the nodal variables, and the boundary conditions can be implemented directly and easily that leads to a greater computational precision. For the purpose of demonstration, some selected numerical examples are solved using the BEFM. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Up‐regulation of cathepsin X in Helicobacter pylori gastritis and gastric cancer
Authors: Krueger Sabine , Kalinski Thomas , Hundertmark Tanja , Wex Thomas , Küster Dörthe , Peitz Ulrich , Ebert Matthias , Nägler Dorit K , Kellner Udo , Malfertheiner Peter , Naumann Michael , Röcken Christoph , Roessner Albert 
Published: July 2005

AbstractRecently, we identified increased cathepsin X expression in H. pylori‐infected gastric mucosa. Here, we describe further up‐regulation in gastric cancer and report on the role of inflammatory cytokines required for cathepsin X up‐regulation in H. pylori‐infected gastric mucosa, as well as on consequences for cellular invasion. Biopsy specimens were taken from the antrum, corpus and cardia of H. pylori‐infected and non‐infected patients. Gastric cancer samples were obtained from patients undergoing gastric surgery. Cathepsin X was detected in gastric mucosa by quantitative real‐time RT‐PCR, western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Induction of cathepsin X expression in epithelial and inflammatory cells caused by H. pylori infection was tested in in vitro contact and non‐contact co‐cultures of AGS cells and monocytic cells. Patients with H. pylori gastritis showed significantly higher cathepsin X mRNA (2.5‐fold) and protein (1.6‐fold) expression than H. pylori‐negative patients. Cathepsin X was also up‐regulated in gastric cancer (3–12‐fold) compared to non‐neoplastic mucosa. Cathepsin X was predominantly expressed by macrophages in the mucosal stroma and in glands of the antral mucosa. In addition, tumour cells stained for cathepsin X in 26 (68%) patients with gastric carcinoma. In general, staining was significantly more common (20 vs. 6 patients) and more intense (3.55 vs. 0.83) in intestinal type gastric cancer than in the diffuse type. In vitro cell culture experiments revealed that intercellular signalling between pathogenicity island (PAI)‐positive H. pylori‐infected epithelial cells and macrophages via soluble factors in the culture medium seems to be responsible for increased expression of cathepsin X in monocytes. Using antisense oligonucleotides, cathepsin X up‐regulation was directly associated with higher invasiveness in vitro. Although no correlation of cathepsin X expression and TNM stage was found, our study demonstrates that cathepsin X plays a role not only in the chronic inflammation of gastric mucosa but also in the tumourigenesis of gastric cancer. Copyright © 2005 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Amplification of genes encoding KIT, PDGFRα and VEGFR2 receptor tyrosine kinases is frequent in glioblastoma multiforme
Authors: Joensuu Heikki , Puputti Marjut , Sihto Harri , Tynninen Olli , Nupponen Nina N 
Published: July 2005

AbstractKIT, platelet‐derived growth factor receptors (PDGFRs) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFRs) are important clinical targets for tyrosine kinase inhibitors. The frequency of KIT and VEGFR2 amplification in glioblastomas is not known, and few data are available in any other human tumour type. We investigated 43 primary glioblastomas for KIT, VEGFR2, PDGFRA and EGFR amplification using fluorescence in situ hybridization. KIT was amplified in 47% and VEGFR2 in 39% of the glioblastomas, respectively, and PDGFRA in 29%. Thirty‐five (81%) of the tumours had either KIT or EGFR amplification. KIT, PDGFRA and VEGFR2 amplifications were strongly associated (p < 0.0001 for each pairwise comparison), suggesting co‐amplification, whereas no significant association was found with EGFR amplification. The four secondary glioblastomas arising from pre‐existing lower grade astrocytic tumours investigated had KIT amplification but none had EGFR amplification. No mutations were detected with denaturing high‐performance liquid chromatography in KIT exons 9, 11, 13 or 17, PDGFRA exons 12 and 18, or EGFR exons 18, 19 or 21. Glioblastomas with KIT, PDGFR or VEGFR2 amplification were associated with similar outcome to other glioblastomas. We conclude that KIT, PDGFRA and VEGFR2 are commonly amplified in primary glioblastoma and that they may also be amplified in secondary glioblastoma. Amplified kinases may be potential targets for tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy. Copyright © 2005 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In vitro enzymatic degradation kinetics of polymeric blends of crosslinked starch and carboxymethyl cellulose
Authors: Bajpai AK , Shrivastava Jyoti 
Published: July 2005

AbstractHydrophilic blend matrices of crosslinked starch and carboxymethyl cellulose were synthesized and their susceptibilities to enzymatic degradation were assessed by taking α‐amylase as a model enzyme. The polymeric blends were characterized by FT‐IR spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and scanning electron microscopy. The influence of the chemical compositions of the blends, and the pH values and temperatures of the α‐amylase solutions was investigated by studying the swelling and degradation kinetics of the blends. The impact of the concentrations of the enzyme solutions on the degradation profiles was also examined. The blends were found to exhibit a mixed type of degradation mechanism, ie both diffusion and surface erosion. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
A simplified 2‐D electrophoresis protocol with the aid of an organic disulfide
Authors: Hedberg Jesper J. , Bjerneld Erik J. , Cetinkaya Siham , Goscinski Jan , Grigorescu Ioana , Haid Daniel , Laurin Ylva , Bjellqvist Bengt 
Published: July 2005

Abstract2‐DE is still a relatively cumbersome and labor intensive method. Given the successful cysteinyl protection concept with hydroxyethyl disulfide (specific oxidation) during the first dimension separation, the possibility for a simplified equilibration procedure was investigated. This was achieved by maintaining the S‐mercaptoethanol modified cysteinyls throughout the 2‐D workflow including second dimension separation, spot handling, protein digestion, and protein identification. The traditional equilibration protocol encompassing thiol reduction and alkylation was compared with a one‐step protocol employing continuous exposure to hydroxyethyl disulfide. Both equilibration protocols gave equally well‐resolved spot maps with analytical protein loads regardless of IPG strip pH range. Using preparative protein loads, narrow range IPG strips gave comparable results for the two protocols while preparative load on wide range IPG strips was the only condition where classical reduction/alkylation outperformed hydroxyethyl disulfide equilibration. Moreover, with analytical protein loads, the hydroxyethyl disulfide equilibration time could be significantly reduced without apparent loss of spot map quality or quantitative protein transfer from the first‐ to the second dimension gel. MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometric protein identification was successfully performed with either iodoacetamide or hydroxyethyl disulfide as the cysteine modifier, yielding comparable identification results with high confidence in protein assignment, sequence coverage, and detection of cysteine‐containing peptides. The results provide a novel and simplified protocol for 2‐DE where the concept of hydroxyethyl disulfide as the cysteinyl protecting agent is extended to cover the entire 2‐D work flow.
Proteomic analysis on the expression of outer membrane proteins of Vibrio alginolyticus at different sodium concentrations
Authors: Xu Changxin , Wang Sanying , Ren Haixia , Lin Xiangmin , Wu Lina , Peng Xuanxian 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe ability of osmoregulation is crucial to marine pathogens that always face the change of osmotic pressure when they shift between natural marine water‐bodies and hosts. Previous studies indicated that the expressional patterns of outer membrane proteins (OMPs) changed when Gram‐negative bacteria were transferred in different environments. In the present study, proteomic methodologies were used to investigate the expressional pattern of OMPs of Vibrio alginolyticus, a universal marine pathogen, at different Na+ concentrations. OmpW, OmpV, and Omp TolC were determined to be osmotic stress responsive proteins. Of the three proteins, importantly, OmpV and OmpW showed distinctly reverse changes to each other, indicating that the two proteins might be the two components varied with changed NaCl concentrations. In addition, our results suggest that closely related species of bacteria with available whole genomic databases should be applied after item microorganism species was used when proteins from a bacterium with unavailable whole genomic information were identified by PMF. Therefore, our results not only expand our knowledge on osmotic stress responsive proteins, but also provide valuable information for strategies on screening of these proteins.
Report of the roundtable discussion organised by the Swiss Proteomics Society (SPS), Bern, 8th December 2004
Authors: Noukakis Dimitrios , Gadola Stephan , Stöcklin Reto 
Published: July 2005

AbstractHow close are we to using proteomics tools in the every day practice of physicians? What are the socio‐economical issues our health care system may face with the advent of biomarkers for early diagnosis? How to get the specialists from the various disciplines integrated in proteomics to establish a common understanding of the clinical issues and develop the necessary standards (methods, biochemicals and IT)? These were the kind of questions a panel of specialists tried to answer during the roundtable discussion that took place in Bern during the Swiss Proteomics Society 2004 congress.
Copolymerization with the feeding of one of the comonomers: Cationic activated monomer copolymerization of ε‐caprolactone with ethylene oxide
Authors: Bednarek Melania , Kubisa Przemysław 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe cationic copolymerization of ε‐caprolactone with ethylene oxide (EO) under the conditions of activated monomer polymerization, that is, with a low‐molecular‐weight diol as an initiator and BF3 etherate as a catalyst, was studied. To ensure the uniform composition of the resulting copolymers (telechelic oligodiols), the copolymerization was conducted with incremental feeding of the EO comonomer, which was more reactive in the cationic process. 1H NMR analysis of samples isolated at different stages of the copolymerization indicated that the average composition of the copolymer was indeed nearly constant over the course of the copolymerization. Matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight spectra of the products revealed, however, that for the same degree of polymerization, macromolecules containing different numbers of EO units were present. The observed distribution was compared with the distribution simulated under the assumption that the probability of incorporating a given unit depended only on the feed composition (nearly constant during the copolymerization). With this assumption, a good agreement between the observed and simulated spectra was obtained. This indicated that, even when the optimum conditions for the formation of a uniform copolymer were created, the individual macromolecules differed in composition because of the statistical character of the copolymerization. The results of differential scanning calorimetry analysis were compatible with such a conclusion; two melting peaks appeared on differential scanning calorimetry curves when a sample was heated immediately after fast cooling, and this may indicate the presence of different types of crystallites. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 3788–3796, 2005
Time‐resolved method for the measurement of volume changes during polymerization
Authors: Holst Marco , Schänzlin Katharina , Wenzel Mirko , Xu Jianjun , Lellinger Dirk , Alig Ingo 
Published: July 2005

AbstractA new laser scanning dilatometer, based on a simplified capillary‐type dilatometer using a laser scan micrometer for the detection of changes of the sample dimension, is described. The method can be applied to time‐resolved measurements of volume changes for transparent and nontransparent samples. The time resolution of the setup is below 1 s, the absolute error in determining the volume change is below 0.0004 cm3, and the accuracy of the measured shrinkage is better than 0.2 vol. %. The operation temperature ranges from room temperature to 160 °C. The setup has been applied to the investigation of the volume shrinkage during the curing of epoxy resins [diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA)] without and with fillers. Furthermore, the effect of a phase transformation on the volume has been demonstrated by the melting of a crystalline phase (succinic anhydride) dispersed in a DGEBA matrix due to the heat of reaction. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 2314–2325, 2005
Kinetically controlled phase transitions in liquid‐crystalline polymers. III. Influence of the molecular weight and annealing temperature on two‐dimensional K phase formation in a side‐chain polyacrylate
Authors: Boiko N. I. , Shibaev V. P. , Kozlovsky M. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractNarrow fractions of a side‐chain acrylate oligomer/polymer with phenyl benzoate side chains are separated in a broad range of the degree of polymerization (7 ≤ Pw ≤ 149). An examination of the phase behavior of the obtained fractions has shown that only the longer macromolecules can form the two‐dimensional K (TDK) mesophase, whereas oligomers of a shorter main chain form the conventional nematic phase only. A critical Pw value has been observed to be necessary for the TDK mesophase formation. The temperatures and enthalpies of liquid‐crystalline phase transitions have been studied as a function of the molar mass, and the phase‐growth kinetics for the TDK phase have been studied with an Avrami treatment. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 2352–2360, 2005