bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A further exploration of disgust in eating disorders
Authors: Troop Nicholas A. , Treasure Janet L. , Serpell Lucy 
Published: August 2002

AbstractObjective:Disgust is an emotion that is intimately linked to food and eating and it has been proposed that disgust may therefore be an important emotion in eating disorders. However, empirical evidence has been mixed.Method:Two hundred and eight participants with a history of eating disorders completed measures of current and past eating disorder symptoms and a disgust questionnaire measuring disgust sensitivity in five domains (foodstuffs of animal origin, human body and body products, invertebrate animals, gastroenteric products, sexual practices).Results:Despite some differences with previous results, both current and remitted eating disorder volunteers reported higher levels of disgust towards foodstuffs of animal origin and to the human body and its products. In addition, those in remission from an eating disorder had lower levels of disgust towards the human body and its products than did those who were still ill but these groups did not differ in their disgust towards foodstuffs of animal origin.Conclusion:It is concluded that eating disorders are not associated with an increased global disgust sensitivity but that this is specific to areas that concern food and the body. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
2H/1H ratio analysis of flavor compounds by on‐line gas chromatography–pyrolysis–isotope ratio mass spectrometry (HRGC–P–IRMS): citral
Authors: Hör Katja , Ruff Christiane , Weckerle Bernhard , König Thorsten , Schreier Peter 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBased on 2H/1H measurements of commercial synthetic and natural citral (neral and geranial), on‐line gas chromatography–pyrolysis–isotope ratio mass spectrometry (HRGC–P–IRMS) was used to determine the δ2HSMOW values of citral in essential oils from Cymbopogon flexuosus and C. citratus, Litsea cubeba, Lippia citriodora, Melissa officinalis and the Citrus species C. aurantium, C. limon, C. sinensis, C. paradisi and C. aurantifolia. The technique allowed reliable differentiation of natural (δ2HSMOW from −236 to −314‰) from synthetic products (δ2HSMOW from +38 to −197‰), even when some samples can also have very negative δ2H values, e.g. −197‰, but permitted no distinction within the origins from the various plant species. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical solution of Navier–Stokes equations using multiquadric radial basis function networks
Authors: Mai‐Duy Nam , Tran‐Cong Thanh 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA numerical method based on radial basis function networks (RBFNs) for solving steady incompressible viscous flow problems (including Boussinesq materials) is presented in this paper. The method uses a ‘universal approximator’ based on neural network methodology to represent the solutions. The method is easy to implement and does not require any kind of ‘finite element‐type’ discretization of the domain and its boundary. Instead, two sets of random points distributed throughout the domain and on the boundary are required. The first set defines the centres of the RBFNs and the second defines the collocation points. The two sets of points can be different; however, experience shows that if the two sets are the same better results are obtained. In this work the two sets are identical and hence commonly referred to as the set of centres. Planar Poiseuille, driven cavity and natural convection flows are simulated to verify the method. The numerical solutions obtained using only relatively low densities of centres are in good agreement with analytical and benchmark solutions available in the literature. With uniformly distributed centres, the method achieves Reynolds number Re = 100 000 for the Poiseuille flow (assuming that laminar flow can be maintained) using the density of $11\times 11$, Re = 400 for the driven cavity flow with a density of $33\times 33$ and Rayleigh number Ra = 1 000 000 for the natural convection flow with a density of $27\times 27$. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparisons of numerical methods with respect to convectively dominated problems
Authors: Wang Yongqi , Hutter Kolumban 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA series of numerical schemes: first‐order upstream, Lax–Friedrichs; second‐order upstream, central difference, Lax–Wendroff, Beam–Warming, Fromm; third‐order QUICK, QUICKEST and high resolution flux‐corrected transport and total variation diminishing (TVD) methods are compared for one‐dimensional convection–diffusion problems. Numerical results show that the modified TVD Lax–Friedrichs method is the most competent method for convectively dominated problems with a steep spatial gradient of the variables. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Differentiation of follicular from mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma by detection of t(14;18) on single‐cell preparations and paraffin‐embedded sections
Authors: Nomura Kenichi , Sekoguchi Satoru , Ueda Kyoji , Nakao Mitsushige , Akano Yumiko , Fujita Yasuko , Yamashita Yasuhide , Horiike Shigeo , Nishida Kazuhiro , Nakamura Shigeo , Taniwaki Masafumi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA 57‐year‐old woman was referred to the Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine because of multiple polypoid lesions in the duodenum. On the basis of the histopathologic findings, mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma had been diagnosed. The polypoid lesions did not show any improvement in spite of antimicrobial therapy for elimination of Helicobacter pylori. Because the disease remained stable during the clinical course, no other specific treatment was administered. We performed fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis on a single‐cell preparation obtained from the duodenal lesions, to assess the specific chromosome translocation. We identified BCL2/IGH fusion at a frequency of 83%. Two‐color FISH was also performed on paraffin‐embedded tissue sections, which demonstrated BCL2/IGH fusion–positive cells in neoplastic follicles. These findings, together with the CD10+ immunophenotyping of tumor cells, led to a diagnosis of primary follicular lymphoma of the duodenum. Interphase FISH with the IGH gene and oncogene probes is a rapid and powerful tool for assessing genomic changes in gastrointestinal lymphoma on single‐cell preparations and tissue sections. This technique is particularly useful in view of the increasingly small core biopsy samples and needle aspirations obtained for diagnostic purposes. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Defective DNA‐mismatch repair: a potential mediator of leukemogenic susceptibility in therapy‐related myelodysplasia and leukemia
Authors: Olipitz Werner , Hopfinger Georg , Aguiar Ricardo C.T. , Gunsilius Eberhard , Girschikofsky Michael , Bodner Claudia , Hiden Karin , Linkesch Werner , Hoefler Gerald , Sill Heinz 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe investigated the potential role of defective DNA‐mismatch repair (MMR) as a mediator of leukemogenic susceptibility in patients with therapy‐related myelodysplasia (t‐MDS) and leukemia (t‐leuk). Thirty‐seven individuals with t‐MDS/t‐leuk were analyzed for microsatellite instability (MSI), the hallmark of defective DNA‐MMR. Using standardized international criteria, 5/37 (14%) patients displayed high MSI, whereas 3 other patients had low MSI (8%). To determine the stage at which MSI had developed, we analyzed the primary tumors of 12 patients. Three of 4 patients with high MSI t‐MDS/t‐leuk also had microsatellite unstable primary tumors. Conversely, MSI was not detected in any primary malignancy of patients with low MSI or microsatellite stable t‐MDS/t‐leuk (P = 0.0182). In the high MSI group, we further investigated genes targeted by defective DNA‐MMR (BAX, TGFBRII, IGFIIR, Caspase‐5, APC, PTEN, E2F4, MBD4, MSH6, and MSH3) in both primary tumor and t‐MDS/t‐leuk. However, no mutation was found in any gene. The significant association of MSI in t‐MDS/t‐leuk and corresponding primary tumors suggests that defective DNA‐MMR confers leukemogenic susceptibility to this cohort of patients. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Apparent human BRCA1 knockout caused by mispriming during polymerase chain reaction: Implications for genetic testing
Authors: Kuschel Bettina , Gayther Simon A. , Easton Douglas F. , Ponder Bruce A. J. , Pharoah Paul D. P. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe report an apparent BRCA1 homozygous knockout that, on further analysis, was found to be an artefact of the polymerase chain reaction. This finding has two important implications. First, it challenges results of a previous study that reported a homozygous knockout associated with the same BRCA1 mutation. Second, our findings suggest that mispriming caused by mismatched primers at the site of single‐nucleotide polymorphisms, leading to preferential amplification of one allele, may represent a significant proportion of instances of mutation‐detection insensitivity. This may have major implications for the sensitivity of all polymerase chain reaction–based mutation‐detection methods in clinical genetic testing laboratories. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transposition and gene disruption in the male germline of the mouse
Authors: Dupuy Adam J. , Fritz Sabine , Largaespada David A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe have tested a synthetic, functional, transposon called Sleeping Beauty for use in mice as a germline insertional mutagen. We describe experiments in which mutagenic, polyadenylation‐site trapping, transposon vectors were introduced into the germline of mice. When doubly transgenic males, expressing the Sleeping Beauty transposase gene (SB10) and harboring poly(A)‐trap transposon vectors, were outcrossed to wild‐type females, offspring were generated with new transposon insertions. The frequency of new transposon insertion is roughly two per male gamete. These new insertions can be passed through the germline to the next generation and can insert into or near genes. We have generated a preliminary library of 24 mice harboring 56 novel insertion sites, including one insertion into a gene represented in the EST database and one in the promoter of the galactokinase (Gck) gene. This technique has promise as a new strategy for forward genetic screens in the mouse or functional genomics. genesis 30:82–88, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Efficient FLP recombination in mouse ES cells and oocytes
Authors: Schaft Julia , Ashery‐Padan Ruth , van der Hoeven Frank , Gruss Peter , Stewart A. Francis 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSummary: We report an improved vector, pCAGGS‐FLPe, for transient expression of the enhanced FLP recombinase in mouse ES cells and oocytes. In standard transfection experiments, about 6% of total ES colonies showed FLP recombination, albeit with mosaicism within each colony. After microinjection of pCAGGS‐FLPe into oocytes, about one‐third of heterozygotic mice born showed complete FLP recombination. Thus pCAGGS‐FLPe presents two practical options for removal of FRT cassettes in mice. genesis 31:6–10, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Activation of P2X7 receptors induced [3H]GABA release from the RBA‐2 type‐2 astrocyte cell line through a Cl−/HCO3−‐dependent mechanism
Authors: Wang Chia‐Mei , Chang Yuan‐Yi , Kuo Jon‐Son , Sun Synthia H. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractATP is an important signaling molecule in the nervous system and it's signaling is mediated through the metabotropic P2Y and ionotropic P2X receptors. ATP is known to stimulate Ca2+ influx and phospholipase D (PLD) activity in the type‐2 astrocyte cell line, RBA‐2; in this study, we show that the release of preloaded [3H]GABA from RBA‐2 cells is mediated through the P2X7 receptors. ATP and the ATP analogue 3′‐O‐(4‐benoylbenoyl)‐adenosine‐5′‐triphosphate (BzATP) both stimulated [3H]GABA release in a concentration dependent manner, while the nonselective P2 receptor antagonist pyridoxalphosphate‐6‐azophenyl‐2′,4′‐disulfonic acid (PPADS), the P2X7‐sensitive antagonist oxidized ATP (oATP), and high extracellular Mg2+ all inhibited the ATP‐stimulated [3H]GABA release. The ATP‐stimulated [3H]GABA release was not affected neither by removing extracellular Na+ nor by changes in the intracellular or extracellular Ca2+ concentration. The GABA transporter inhibitors nipecotic acid and β‐alanine also had no effect. The ATP‐stimulated [3H]GABA release was blocked, however, when media Cl− was replaced with gluconate and when extracellular HCO3− was removed. The Cl− channel/exchanger blockers 4,4′‐diisothiocyanatostilbene‐2′,2′‐disulfonic acid (DIDS) and 4‐acetamido‐4′‐ isothiocyanatostilbene‐2′,2′‐disulfonic acids (SITS), but not diphenylamine‐2‐carboxylic acid (DPC) and furosemide, blocked the ATP‐stimulated [3H]GABA release. The anionic selectivity of the process was F− > Cl− > Br− which is the same as that reported for volume‐sensitive Cl− conductance. Treating cells with phorbol‐12‐myristate 13‐acetate (PMA), forskolin, dibutyryl‐cAMP, PD98059, neomycin, and D609 all inhibited the ATP‐stimulated [3H]GABA release. We concluded that in RBA‐2 cells, ATP stimulates [3H]GABA release through the P2X7 receptors via a Cl−/HCO3−‐dependent mechanism that is regulated by PKC, PKA, MEK/ERK, and PLD. GLIA 37:8–18, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
APP knockout attenuates microglial activation and enhances neuron survival in substantia nigra compacta after axotomy
Authors: De Giorgio Lorraine A. , Shimizu Yoshinori , Chun Hong S. , Cho Byung‐Pil , Sugama Shuei , Joh Tong H. , Volpe Bruce T. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractFocal microglial activation and progressive dopaminergic neurodegeneration in substantia nigra compacta (SNc) have characterized Parkinson's disease (PD). We have hypothesized that the microglial response may be provoked by molecular signals from chronically stressed SNc neurons. To test whether amyloid precursor protein (APP) could serve as such a signal, we evaluated microglial activation in SN after unilateral transection of the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) in mice either wild‐type (WT) or null (KO) for APP. WT and KO mice displayed comparable microglial response at the MFB transection site. In WT mice microglial activation was first apparent in the ipsilateral SN at 3 days postlesion (dpl), marked by morphological change and increased isolectin immunoreactivity. The microglial response intensified at 7 dpl and persisted in the medial nigra through 14 dpl. In contrast, in KO mice activated microglia appeared predominantly at 7 dpl, with little activation at 3 dpl and none at 14 dpl. Neuron number in affected WT SNc at 14 dpl was significantly reduced compared with loss in affected KO SNc. The delayed and limited local microglial activation and increased neuron survival in response to distal axotomy of SNc neurons in APP KO mice are consistent with the important role APP in neuronal stress responses in vivo. GLIA 38:174–178, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of β‐chemokines and chemokine receptors in human fetal astrocyte and microglial co‐cultures: Potential role of chemokines in the developing CNS
Authors: Rezaie P. , Trillo‐Pazos G. , Everall I.P. , Male D.K. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractChemokines play specific roles in directing the recruitment of leukocyte subsets into inflammatory foci within the central nervous system (CNS). The involvement of these cytokines as mediators of inflammation is widely accepted. Recently, it has become evident that cells of the CNS (astrocytes, microglia, and neurons) not only synthesize, but also respond functionally or chemotactically to chemokines. We previously reported developmental events associated with colonization of the human fetal CNS by mononuclear phagocytes (microglial precursors), which essentially takes place within the first two trimesters of life. As part of the array of signals driving colonization, we noted specific anatomical distribution of chemokines and chemokine receptors expressed during this period. In order to further characterize expression of these molecules, we have isolated and cultured material from human fetal CNS. We demonstrate that unstimulated subconfluent human fetal glial cultures express high levels of CCR2 and CXCR4 receptors in cytoplasmic vesicles. Type I astrocytes, and associated ameboid microglia in particular, express high levels of surface and cytoplasmic CXCR4. Of the chemokines tested (MIP‐1α, MIP‐1β, MCP‐1, MCP‐3, RANTES, SDF‐1, IL‐8, IP‐10), only MIP‐1α, detected specifically on microglia, was expressed both constitutively and consistently. Low variable levels of MCP‐1, MIP‐1α, and RANTES were also noted in unstimulated glial cultures. Recombinant human chemokines rhMCP‐1 and rhMIP‐1α also displayed proliferative effects on glial cultures at [10 ng/ml], but displayed variable effects on CCR2 levels on these cells. rhMCP‐1 specifically upregulated CCR2 expression on cultured glia at [50 ng/ml]. It is gradually becoming evident that chemokines are important in embryonic development. The observation that human fetal glial cells and their progenitors express specific receptors for chemokines and can be stimulated to produce MCP‐1, as well as proliferate in response to chemokines, supports a role for these cytokines as regulatory factors during development. GLIA 37:64–75, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Improvement of cognitive functions after cobalamin/folate supplementation in elderly patients with dementia and elevated plasma homocysteine
Authors: Nilsson Karin , Gustafson Lars , Hultberg Björn 
Published: August 2002

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the effect of cobalamin/folate supplementation on cognitive function in elderly patients with dementia.MethodThe cobalamin/folate status of the patients was evaluated by measuring plasma homocysteine, serum methylmalonic acid, serum cobalamin and blood folate. Thirty‐three patients were studied and repeatedly assessed with the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) and ‘A short cognitive performance test for assessing memory and attention’ (SKT) during vitamin substitution.ResultsPatients with mild–moderate dementia and elevated plasma homocysteine levels improved clinically with increased test scores after vitamin substitution, while severely demented patients and patients with normal plasma homocysteine levels did not improve clinically.ConclusionsPlasma homocysteine may be the best marker for detecting treatable cobalamin/folate deficiency in patients with dementia. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pharmacological treatment of depression in older primary care patients: the PROSPECT algorithm
Authors: Mulsant Benoit H. , Alexopoulos George S. , Reynolds Charles F. , Katz Ira R. , Abrams Robert , Oslin David , Schulberg Herbert C. ,   the PROSPECT Study Group
Published: August 2002

AbstractPROSPECT (Prevention of Suicide in Primary care Elderly–Collaborative Trial) is testing whether a trained clinician (the ‘health specialist’) can work in close collaboration with a primary care physician to implement a comprehensive depression management program and improve outcomes in older depressed patients. An algorithm guiding the selection and use of antidepressant medications has been developed to assist PROSPECT health specialists. This algorithm is presented and the rationale underlying the proposed treatment sequence is discussed. The PROSPECT algorithm builds upon existing guidelines after updating them and adapting them to the special circumstances of older primary care patients. Special attention has been paid to the tolerability and the target doses of the recommended antidepressant agents and to the duration of antidepressant trials. Patients who are unable to tolerate or do not respond to an antidepressant can be switched to another agent or be treated with interpersonal psychotherapy. Agents that produce only a partial response can be combined with other antidepressants or with interpersonal psychotherapy. Treatments for which empirical evidence exists are favored. However, treatments that are often poorly tolerated by elderly patients are given lower priority than treatments more likely to be tolerated. Similarly, trials that are simpler to implement in primary care are favored. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A system for the generation of curves on 3D brain images
Authors: Bartesaghi Alberto , Sapiro Guillermo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this study, a computational optimal system for the generation of curves on triangulated surfaces representing 3D brains is described. The algorithm is based on optimally computing geodesics on the triangulated surfaces following Kimmel and Sethian ([1998]: Proc Natl Acad Sci 95:15). The system can be used to compute geodesic curves for accurate distance measurements as well as to detect sulci and gyri. These curves are defined based on local surface curvatures that are computed following a novel approach presented in this study. The corresponding software is available to the research community. Hum. Brain Mapping 14:1–15, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Paradigms and research programmes: is it time to move from health care economics to health economics?
Authors: Edwards Rhiannon Tudor 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAs an applied subdiscipline of economics, health economics has flourished, defining itself as the study of how scarce health care resources may be used to meet our needs. This evolutionary pathway has led to health economists adopting a very ‘medical’ model of health, in which the predominant production function for health is health care. This paper sets out policy challenges to health economics which have arisen in light of growing recognition by governments of the socioeconomic determinants of health and their stated commitment to tackle inequalities in health. It reviews Thomas Kuhn's theory of paradigm shift and Imre Lakatos' theory of scientific research programmes in the natural sciences, favouring the latter as an explanation of the evolution of the subdiscipline of health economics. The paper brings together four recently published visions of the future of health economics—visions that are almost exclusively focused on the production, organization and distribution of health care. In contrast to these visions, in Lakatosian terms, this paper challenges the subdiscipline's core ‘positive heuristic’, i.e. the set of imperatives which determines how the research programme should unfold, how it may be defended, its scope and boundaries. This paper argues that health economics will need to evolve to embrace a more socioeconomic model of health and, to this end, offers for debate an expansion of Williams’ diagrammatic representation of the subdiscipline. It concludes by asking whether the magnitude and the magnetism of health care policy issues will continue to prove too strong to allow health economists, should they wish, to steer their research and educational programmes more directly towards ‘health’ rather than ‘health care’ as the relevant social want. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Measuring willingness‐to‐pay for risk reduction: an application of conjoint analysis
Authors: Telser Harry , Zweifel Peter 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis study applies conjoint analysis (CA) to estimate the marginal willingness‐to‐pay (MWTP) of elderly individuals for a reduction of the risk of fracture of the femur. The good in question is a hypothetical hip protector which lowers the risk of a fracture by different amounts. Other attributes are ease of handling, wearing comfort, and out‐of‐pocket cost, which are traded off against risk reduction. In 500 face‐to‐face interviews, pensioners stated whether or not they would buy the product.Results suggest that MWTP for wearing comfort exceeds that for risk reduction. Indeed, willingness‐to‐pay for the product as a whole is negative, indicating that it should not be included as a mandatory benefit in health insurance. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.