bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Misreporting of energy intake in multicenter study in Latin America population: results from the Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health (ELANS)
Authors: Previdelli Agatha , Gómez Georgina , Kovalskys Irina , Fisberg Mauro , Cortés Yadira , Herrera‐Cuenca Marianella , Yépez Martha , Pareja Rossina , Rigotti Attilio , Guajardo Viviana , Zimberg Iona 
Published: November 2023

ObjectThe study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and associated factors of under‐reporter (UR) and over‐reporter (OR) of energy intake (EI) in Latin American (LA) adolescents and adults participating in the ELANS study.MethodsMulticenter cross‐sectional study including a representative sample of urban population from eight LA countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela). Two 24‐h dietary recalls and physical activity data using IPAQ‐long version questionnaire were collected from 9218 participants (15–65 years old). Misreporting was identified using ±1.5SD cut‐off points to statistically compare reported EI with predicted total energy expenditure. Associations between misreporting of EI and covariates were examined by Chi‐square test (p<0.05).ResultsIn average, 13% were UR and 14% were OR. Chile had the highest percentage of UR (22%), the lowest percentage of OR (7%) and showed the highest obesity prevalence. Peru showed the lowest percentage of UR (5%) and Ecuador the highest percentage of OR (20%). We found no differences between the prevalence of misreporting and sex. Individuals with lower educations showed the highest percentage of misreporting (UR=14%, OR=15%). We observed more UR and fewer OR among overweight and obese subjects. UR was associated with higher weight, waist and neck circumference and body mass index (p<0.05). Also, UR was significantly associated with lower intake of energy, fats and carbohydrates, and higher protein intake. In relation to plausible respondents, EI on average was 32% lower in UR and 43% higher in OR. Proportion of UR was higher in older group (15%), widowers (19%), high socioeconomic level (15%), undefined race (18%), physically active (14%) and obese (21%). The proportion of OR was higher in adolescents (21%), single (16%), low socioeconomic level (15%), non‐Caucasian (16%), physically active (15%) and underweight (37%).ConclusionOur study supports other findings that it is important not only to identify individuals that do not accurately report food intake, but also the factors that determine this misreporting, improving the interpretation of diet‐related diseases.Support or Funding InformationThe Coca‐Cola Company
Episodes of Food Insecurity and Linear Growth in Childhood: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Zhu Yeyi , Mangini Lauren D , Dong Yongquan , Forman Michele 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveFood insecurity prevalence continues to represent a major public health concern in the U.S. A preponderance of evidence has linked food insecurity to childhood morbidity and poor development, yet its association with linear growth in childhood, a period of rapid human growth, remains poorly understood. We aimed to examine the association between household food insecurity and linear growth trajectory from kindergarten through the eighth grade.MethodsIn the prospective Early Childhood Longitudinal Study‐Kindergarten cohort (1998–2007), 5,979 children with complete data on anthropometrics, household food insecurity, and other major socio‐demographic variables at four study waves (spring of kindergarten and third, fifth, and eighth grades) were included. At each wave, household food insecurity was assessed by the validated USDA 18‐item module and anthropometrics were obtained to calculate age‐ and sex‐specific height‐for‐age z‐scores (HAZ). HAZ by sex and food security status (yes vs. no) was examined at each wave. Further, linear mixed‐effects models for repeated measures were fitted to compare HAZ trajectories across number of food insecurity episodes (i.e., 0, 1, 2, ≥3) over the study period.ResultsAt each wave, food insecure girls compared to their food secure counterparts were significantly taller at fifth grade but shorter with a marginal significance at eighth grade (P = 0.03 and 0.07, respectively), whereas mean HAZ among boys did not differ by food security status. After adjusting for major sociodemographic variables and child's birthweight, mean HAZ of girls in the food insecurity ≥3 times group was 0.81 SD (95% confidence interval: −1.44, −0.18) lower than HAZ of always food secure girls at kindergarten. From kindergarten through eighth grade, HAZ of girls in the food insecurity ≥3 times group exhibited catch‐up growth after kindergarten with a rate of 0.22 SD/year (95% confidence interval: 0.1, 0.35) on average faster than their always food secure counterparts. HAZ trajectory among boys did not vary by number of food insecurity episodes over the study period, after adjusting for major covariates.ConclusionsChildhood linear growth trajectory varied by sex and number of household food insecurity episodes. Findings highlight that school‐aged girls were particularly vulnerable to household food insecurity, with a linear growth trajectory characterized by height deficits at eighth grade despite catch‐up growth between kindergarten and fifth grade.
Food insecurity and mental health status: a global analysis of 149 countries
Authors: Jones Andrew D 
Published: November 2023

Despite the enormous disease burden caused by common mental disorders worldwide, and the numerous pathways via which food insecurity (FI) may contribute to these disorders, there is limited knowledge outside of high‐income settings about the relation between FI and mental health. The objective of this research was to determine the association of individual‐level food insecurity with mental health status using a global data set. Data were analyzed from the 2014 Gallup World Poll, a nationally representative survey of individuals 15 years and older that is carried out globally using probability sampling in both urban and rural areas. Individual‐level FI was assessed using the Food Insecurity Experience Scale Survey Module for Individuals (FIES SM‐I), a module that assesses respondents' experiences of FI based on domains that are common across cultures and socioeconomic conditions including anxiety, altering the quality of food consumed, and limiting the quantity of food intake. A four‐level categorical variable based on the raw FIES SM‐I score was used in analyses. Two composite indices of mental health with values ranging from 0–100 were used as dependent variables based on self‐reported assessments of recent negative and positive experiences (e.g., worry, sadness, stress, anger, enjoyment, happiness, being treated with respect). Using an aggregated global data set (i.e., 149 countries, 11 world regions, 147,826 individuals), the prevalence of any FI among individuals ranged from 18.3% in East Asia to 76.1% in Sub‐Saharan Africa. Mean respondent age (SD) was 42 years (17) and exactly half of all respondents were adolescent girls or women. In adjusted multiple regression analyses, individual‐level FI was associated with poorer mental health status (regression coefficient (95% CI): mild FI: −8.3 (−9.3, −7.4); moderate FI: −12.6 (−13.8, −11.3); severe FI: −16.2 (−17.9, −14.5); coefficients are relative to a food secure individual). The magnitude of the association between FI and mental health status was greater than that of the socioeconomic variables assessed (e.g., education and employment status of respondent, and annual household income). Regional analyses showed the same dose‐response relation of individual‐level FI with poorer mental health status across all world regions with the exception of the Australia & New Zealand and East Asia regions. No consistent interaction was observed between an individual's sex and FI on the association with mental health status. However, age interacted with FI such that among older individuals the association between FI and mental health was more negative. Though associative in nature, these findings suggest that individual FI status, independent of socioeconomic conditions, may be an important determinant of mental health outcomes across a diversity of global contexts.Support or Funding InformationThe data for this study were made available by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Voices of the Hungry Project.
Compensatory Autonomic Modulations Mediate Hypohydration Related Changes in Brain Functioning and Mood
Authors: Young Hayley Anne , Johnston Stephen , Benton David 
Published: November 2023

It is commonly assumed that relatively small changes in hydration (<1% of body mass) are readily compensated by homeostatic mechanisms such that they are of little functional consequence. Nonetheless an emerging literature suggests that minor hypohydration can influence cognition and mood; indeed it is possible that homeostatic autonomic adaptations mediate these effects. The aim was to determine if drinking water, when mildly hypohydrated, effects brain functioning and mood and to explore the mechanistic role of autonomic and interoceptive processing. On two mornings participants were exposed to a temperature of 30°C for four hours and either did or did not drink two 150ml glasses of water during that time. At the end of the morning they completed an fMRI protocol during which they completed a modified Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test. They had their heart rate variability measured, rated their thirst, mood and task difficulty. Changes in body temperature, fluid loss and urine osmolality were also monitored. Drinking water resulted in a greater BOLD activity in the orbito‐frontal cortex, ventral cingulate gyrus, dorsal cingulate cortex, hypothalamus, amygdala, right striatum, post‐central gyrus and superior parietal cortex. These activations were associated with increased heart rate variability, lower perceived effort and a better mood. These data support a model whereby autonomic regulatory and interoceptive processes contribute to the cognitive and affective consequences of hypohydration.Support or Funding InformationThis research was funded by PepsiCo Inc.
Differences in the transcriptome of responders and non‐responders on glucose metabolism markers after fish oil supplementation
Authors: Tejero M Elizabeth , López‐Martínez Mónica E. , Cardenas‐Ovando Roberto A. , Escareño Claudia Rangel , Binia Aristea , Vargas‐Martinez Carolina , Ancira Monica , Gámez‐Valdez Eli , Martinez‐Soria Diana , Medina Leticia Sebastian , Angeles‐Quezada Adriana , Gonzalez‐Alberto Rocio , Fernández Silvia , Martínez‐Conde Diego , Hernández‐Morán Brianda , Ramirez‐Solano Marisol , Rubio‐Aliaga Isabel , Vadillo‐Ortega Felipe , Kussmann Martin , Zolezzi Irma Silva 
Published: November 2023

An intervention study conducted in young Mexican adults showed significant improvement of the supplementation with fish oil (FO) on glucose metabolism. Differences in the response among subjects were observed. Gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) has been used as a proxy of the effect of nutritional interventions in other tissues. We compared the changes in the transcriptome of PBMC induced by FO supplementation (2.7 g of DHA + EPA during six weeks) in subjects with contrasting responses in fasting insulin concentrations. Participants with the largest decrease (group A, n=16) in fasting insulin (5.64 mg/dL ± 6.87) and the largest increase (group B, n=16) in fasting insulin (−5.96mg/dL ± 6.59) were selected, and pair‐matched by age, sex, change in ω3 index and BMI. RNA analysis was conducted using high throughput RNA sequencing (Illumina). Data analysis included data preprocessing, mapping, assembly of transcripts, differential expression of gene and pathway analysis. Differences were observed between groups at baseline in 68 genes. After 6 weeks of intervention 49 genes changed in group A while 14 genes changed in group B, and 258 genes showed significant difference between groups (p<0.05; 75 genes upregulated, 183 genes downregulated). Transcripts with the most significant changes between groups are CXCL2 (FC = −1.95 p=0.015) IL‐1β (FC=−1.82, p=0.021), NR4A3 (FC=−1.82, p=0.016), which are related with inflammatory response and glucose metabolism. These findings suggest that the reduction in insulin concentrations is associated with the decrease of the expression of genes related to inflammatory pathways in PBMC.Support or Funding InformationNESTEC & INMEGEN
Development of a Healthy Eating Pattern for the Revision of Canada's Food Guide
Authors: Elvidge Lisa‐Anne , Davis Karelyn , Esslinger Krista Anne , St‐Pierre Sylvie 
Published: November 2023

Health Canada develops evidence‐based guidance on healthy eating. Canada's Food Guide is currently under revision and Health Canada is exploring an expanded food pattern modelling methodology to develop a revised healthy eating pattern. The objective of this presentation is to share Health Canada's draft modelling methodology.Food pattern modelling is the process of adjusting daily amounts of foods from different categories to meet specific criteria, such as meeting nutrient intake goals, limiting nutrients of concern or ensuring inclusion of foods associated with positive health outcomes. Food pattern modelling was used to develop the healthy eating pattern in the previous (2007) version of Canada's Food Guide and will be used again during this revision.To help inform the draft methodology, a literature review was conducted to describe and compare statistical modelling methods used internationally in the development of dietary patterns, primarily since the 2007 Canadian food guide was released. Results of the review indicate that while different countries used various approaches, many similarities were found in terms of the overall steps taken to develop recommended dietary patterns. Differences included how energy levels were considered, whether or not to include guidance on discretionary calories, and modelling of additional patterns to highlight certain food groups that reduce chronic disease risks.The review identified techniques and ideas on how Canada's modeling approach could be expanded and improved. This information was integrated in the proposed modelling methodology that Health Canada is putting forward. This presentation will highlight the key steps and important considerations while developing the revised healthy eating pattern.This session will give attendees the opportunity to ask questions and provide feed‐back on the proposed modeling approach.
E4orf1 Protein Requires the Distal but not Proximal Insulin Signaling to Enhance Glut4 Translocation
Authors: Shastri Anuradha , Peddibhotla Swetha , Feizy Zahra , Hegde Vijay , Dhurandhar Nikhil V 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundCellular action of insulin consists of proximal and distal signaling. The proximal signaling includes binding of insulin to its receptor and activation of insulin receptor substrates (IRS). Distal signaling includes the activation of phosphatidyl inositol 3‐kinase by IRS leading to the up‐regulation of AKT followed by membrane translocation of Glut4 to promote cellular glucose uptake. Type 2 diabetes is often linked with impaired proximal insulin signaling. Hence, an agent that enhances cellular glucose uptake independent of proximal insulin signaling would be desirable for improving glycemic control. The E4orf1 peptide (E4) derived from human adenovirus 36 may be such a candidate, which promotes cellular glucose uptake in vitro and in vivo, independent of insulin, but by recruiting insulin signaling pathway. Previous data suggested that E4 bypasses a part of insulin signaling to upregulate cellular glucose uptake. Here, we tested if E4orf1 requires the distal but not proximal insulin signaling to enhance Glut4 translocation.MethodMurine 3T3‐L1 cells inducibly expressing E4 or a null vector (NV) were treated with inhibitor of insulin receptor (S961), inhibitor of IGF‐1 (Picropodophyllin, PPP), PPP+S961, or PI3K inhibitor (Wortmannin, WM). PPP and S961 were used to block the proximal insulin signaling and WM was used to block the distal insulin signaling. Exposure to inhibitors was 2 h, except WM for 30 min. In the final 20 min of treatment, cells were exposed to 0 or 100 nM insulin.ResultsIn NV cells, if the proximal or distal insulin signaling was blocked, insulin could not increase pAKT protein abundance or Glut4 translocation, determined by western blotting and FACS analysis respectively. Whereas, in the absence of insulin, E4 cells significantly increased pAKT levels and GLUT4 translocation with or without the blockage of proximal insulin signaling. However, treatment with WM completely blocked E4 stimulation of pAkt and GLUT4 translocation.ConclusionsE4 bypasses the proximal insulin signaling but uses the distal insulin signaling to activate pAkt and in turn Glut4 translocation to improve cellular glucose uptake. E4 offers a promising template to improve glycemic control when the proximal insulin signaling is impaired.Support or Funding InformationFunded by Vital Health Interventions.
High‐sucrose Diet Time‐dependently Changes Hepatic Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress from an Adaptive to Pro‐apoptotic Pattern in Young Mice
Authors: de Andrade Paes Antonio Marcus , Flister Karla Frida Torres , dos Santos Pâmela Costa , Pinto Bruno Araújo Serra , Vale Caroline Castro , Kajihara Daniela , Laurindo Francisco Rafael Martins , França Lucas Martins 
Published: November 2023

The relationship between excessive nutrient intake and hepatic endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) is well stablished. However, mechanisms underlying the progression from adaptive to apoptotic pattern are still unclear. This study sought to investigate the effects of high‐sucrose diet on metabolic disorders associated to hepatic ER stress. Weaned Swiss mice received standard chow (CTR) or high‐sucrose diet (HSD; 25% sucrose) for distinct periods of 30 (CTR30 and HSD30) and 60 (CTR60 and HSD60) days. Weight gain, food intake, feed efficiency and Lee index (LI) were measured for obesity development assessment. At each treatment end, glucose (GTT) and insulin (ITT) tolerance tests were performed. Blood, white adipose tissue (WAT) depots and liver were collected upon euthanasia of anesthetized animals. Serum glucose (GL), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and free fatty acids (FFA) levels were determined. WAT depots were weighed and their lipolytic activity assessed. Hepatic tissue was used to determine the lipid profile and gene expression of ER stress (ATF6, IRE1α, PERK, GRP78, PDI, NRF2) and pro‐apoptotic (CHOP and caspase 2) markers. Only HSD60 showed higher weight gain (8%), LI (3%) and feed efficiency (31%), as compared to CTR60. WAT was 2‐fold higher in HSD60 than in HSD30, whereas both of them were significantly higher than their controls. Lipolytic activity under isoproterenol‐stimulation was 40% lower in HSD60. Serum GL and TC were increased in 20 and 40%, respectively, in both HSD groups. However, TG (43%) and FFA (25%) were increased only in HSD60. Area under the curve of GTT was augmented in both HSD30 (14%) and HSD60 (41%), as compared to their controls. Whereas only HSD60 presented reduced kITT (37%) and increase TyG (8%). Total fat liver content was increased in 22 and 61% for HSD30 and HSD60, respectively. On the other hand, hepatic TG was augmented only in HSD60 (69%). HSD30 presented increased hepatic gene expression of GRP78 (57%), PERK (83%), IRE1α (49%), ATF6 (70%), PDI (41%) and NRF2 (32%), and reduced expression of CHOP (39%). An opposite pattern was found in HSD60, with reduced expression of PERK (34%), IRE1α (52%), ATF6 (36%) and PDI (46%), and increase expression of CHOP (72%). Notwithstanding, caspase‐2 expression did not change in any group. Therefore, our data suggest the HSD intake for up to 60 days after weaning rapidly promotes metabolic disorders associate to early onset of hepatic ER stress, which promptly progress from an adaptive to a pro‐apoptotic pattern.Support or Funding InformationFAPEMA, CNPq, CAPES and UFMA.
Cardiometabolic Status in Obese African American Women is Linked to Glycative Stress
Authors: Nance Sierra A. , Duncan A'ja V. , Hairston Kristen G. , Gwathmey TanYa M. 
Published: November 2023

It is well established that oxidative stress increases cardiovascular risk by inducing inflammation and damage to target organs. Indeed, a growing number of studies show improvements in markers of oxidative stress following a reduction in body weight, particularly in fat depots. Advanced glycation end‐products (AGE) form non‐enzymatically as proteins and lipids become glycosylated, as a result of exposure to dietary sugars. Accumulation of endogenous or exogenous AGE, and subsequent binding to their receptor (RAGE) can lead to glycative stress, likewise causing inflammation and tissue injury, similar to that of oxidative stress. However, it has not yet been determined whether glycative stress may be altered by reductions in body fat. We evaluated a cohort of pre‐menopausal, non‐diabetic, obese African American women (n=16). Subjects underwent reduced caloric intake by 500–1000 kcal/week for 12 weeks, based on individual basal metabolic rates. Visceral adiposity (VAT) was determined by computed tomography scans and blood samples were collected at baseline and 12‐week follow‐up visits. The mean reduction in VAT over the 12 week period was (−18% ± 4%). We evaluated serum levels of AGE by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and found no correlation between VAT and levels of AGE (p=0.48) in this cohort. However, AGE was positively correlated with levels of the satiety hormone leptin (R2=0.25; p=0.02), and inversely correlated with the appetite‐stimulating hormone, ghrelin (R2=0.24; p=0.03). We further evaluated expression of the soluble receptor for AGE (sRAGE), a decoy‐like receptor that helps to protect against glycative stress by sequestering ligands for RAGE. We found that sRAGE was positively correlated with adiponectin levels (R2=0.37; p=0.007), but inversely correlated with insulin resistance, as represented by HOMA‐IR (R2=0.20; p=0.04). In summary, we report that AGE are strongly linked to determinants of cardiometabolic status in a cohort of non‐diabetic, obese, African American women. As cardiometabolic disease increases epidemically within the U.S., understanding the precise interplay of components that regulate metabolism becomes critical.Support or Funding InformationHypertension & Vascular Research Funding (PI: Hairston)