bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
45 years of tetracycline post exposure prophylaxis for STIs and the risk of tetracycline resistance: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Vanbaelen Thibaut , Manoharan-Basil Sheeba Santhini , Kenyon Chris 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
There is considerable interest in the use of doxycycline post exposure prophylaxis (PEP) to reduce the incidence of bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STIs). An important concern is that this could select for tetracycline resistance in these STIs and other species. We searched PubMed and Google Scholar, (1948–2023) for randomized controlled trials comparing tetracycline PEP with non-tetracycline controls. The primary outcome was antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to tetracyclines in all bacterial species with available data. Our search yielded 140 studies, of which three met the inclusion criteria. Tetracycline PEP had no effect on the prevalence of tetracycline resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae in any of the three trials or the pooled estimates. PEP did, however, have a marked effect on the tetracycline MIC distribution in the one study where this was assessed. Prophylactic efficacy was 100% at low MICs and 0% at high MICs. In the one study where this was assessed, PEP resulted in a significant increase in tetracycline resistance in commensal Neisseria species compared to the control group but no significant effect on the prevalence of tetracycline resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. The available evidence suggests that PEP with tetracyclines could be associated with selecting tetracycline resistance in N. gonorrhoeae and commensal Neisseria species.
Three-dimensional deviation analysis and digital visualization of shape change before and after conservation treatment of historic kiln site
Authors: Jo Young Hoon , Kim Young Hwan , Lee Hae Soon 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The Gangjin Celadon Kiln, after its excavation in 1982, was relocated and restored in 1987 and subjected to primary conservation treatment in 2007. However, many problems such as soil disintegration and cavitation occurred in the kiln until recently. In this study, the shape changes due to the conservation treatment in 2020, which was performed to maintain the original shape of the kiln site, were recorded via three-dimensional (3D) scanning, and a numerical analysis was conducted. From the results of this study, the locations and ranges of shape changes before and after the conservation treatment of the kiln site were identified through root-mean-square (RMS) deviation analysis and visualization, and the ranges of reinforcement and soil mulch removal were quantified through the deviations at different points. In particular, the most noticeable changes due to the conservation treatment were around 15 mm, and many relative changes of 40 mm or more were also observed. In addition, on the floor of the working space, a reinforcement at least about 40 mm thick and a flattening was prominent; the inside of the combustion chamber was visualized with a reinforcement of at least about 50 mm. This study is of great importance as the shape changes were analyzed and monitoring data were constructed using the 3D scanning technology of the kiln site subjected to conservation treatment. The shape of the kiln site is predicted to change minutely hereafter because of natural or intended factors. Therefore, if the monitoring cycle and effects are derived through regular 3D scanning, it is judged this step will greatly contribute to expanding the applicability of the time series analysis of similar cultural heritage structures.
Protocol for the Evaluation of Data-Related Processes and Challenges at Level 1‒4 Trauma Centers in Arkansas: A Mixed-Methods Case Study
Authors: Conner Cara L. , Redding Mersady C. , Seker Emel , Greer Melody L. , Garza Maryam Y. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background:In the following manuscript, we describe the detailed protocol for a mixed-methods, observational case study conducted to identify and evaluate existing data-related processes and challenges currently faced by trauma centers in a rural state. The data will be utilized to assess the impact of these challenges on registry data collection.
Methods:The study relies on a series of interviews and observations to collect data from trauma registry staff at level 1‒4 trauma centers across the state of Arkansas. A think-aloud protocol will be used to facilitate observations as a means to gather keystroke-level modeling data and insight into site processes and workflows for collecting and submitting data to the Arkansas Trauma Registry. Informal, semi-structured interviews will follow the observation period to assess the participant's perspective on current processes, potential barriers to data collection or submission to the registry, and recommendations for improvement. Each session will be recorded and de-identified transcripts and session notes will be used for analysis. Keystroke level modeling data derived from observations will be extracted and analyzed quantitatively to determine time spent performing end-to-end registry-related activities. Qualitative data from interviews will be reviewed and coded by 2 independent reviewers following a thematic analysis methodology. Each set of codes will then be adjudicated by the reviewers using a consensus-driven approach to extrapolate the final set of themes.
Discussion:We will utilize a mixed methods approach to understand existing processes and barriers to data collection for the Arkansas Trauma Registry. Anticipated results will provide a baseline measure of the data collection and submission processes at various trauma centers across the state. We aim to assess strengths and limitations of existing processes and identify existing barriers to interoperability. These results will provide first-hand knowledge on existing practices for the trauma registry use case and will provide quantifiable data that can be utilized in future research to measure outcomes of future process improvement efforts. The potential implications of this study can form the basis for identifying potential solutions for streamlining data collection, exchange, and utilization of trauma registry data for clinical practice, public health, and clinical and translational research.
The effect of obstacle length &amp; height in subcritical free-surface flow
Authors: Michalski Hugh , Mattner Trent , Balasuriya Sanjeeva , Binder Benjamin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Two-dimensional free-surface flow past a submerged rectangular disturbance in an open channel is considered. The forced Korteweg-de Vries model of Binder et al, Theor. Comput. Fluid Dyn. 20, 125–144, (2006) is modified to examine the effect of varying obstacle length & height on the response of the free-surface. For a given obstacle height and flow rate in the subcritical flow regime an analysis of the steady solutions in the phase plane of the problem determines a countably infinite set of discrete obstacle lengths for which there are no waves downstream of the obstacle. A rich structure of nonlinear behaviour is also found as the height of the obstacle approaches critical values in the steady problem. The stability of the steady solutions is investigated numerically in the time-dependent problem with a spectral method.
Development of Eco-friendly Flame-retardant Cotton Fabric using Chitosan Nanoparticles and Phosphate: Characterization and Process Optimization by Taguchi Method
Authors: Hossain Ismail , Alim Md. Abdul , Uddin Nayeem , Parvez Md. Shohan , Maniruzzaman Md. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Textile manufacturers have recognized the growing importance of health and environmental regulation, focusing on developing policies for manufacturing cost-effective and eco-friendly flame-retardant textiles. They were corresponding to these objectives, this study aimed to optimize the Flame Retardant (FR) properties of cotton woven fabrics through the application of Chitosan Nanoparticles (CNPs) and Di-ammonium phosphate (DAP) by the Taguchi Method (TM). An L9 orthogonal array design was employed to conduct the experiments, consisting of nine experiments with three runs each. The study successfully identified the optimal conditions for the treatment process as a DAP concentration of 6%, CNPs concentration of 5g/L, and curing temperature of 160 ℃. Subsequently, the treated fabric samples were investigated to assess flame spread times and various mechanical characteristics, namely, tensile strength and material stiffness. The chemical characterization of the finished fabrics was carried out further using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The attachment of CNPs and DAP to the hydroxyl groups of the fabric sample surfaces was also confirmed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Finally, X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) were done to measure the size of the nanoparticles and the percentage of weight loss of the fabric samples, respectively.
Enhancing Quality Characteristics of Cold-Pressed Sesame Oil with Ethanolic Extract of Quince (Cydonia oblonga) and Exploring the Interaction of Trans Fatty Acids with Key Pro- inflammatory Cytokines via Molecular Docking
Authors: Mirzaei Hamed , Salehi Khayyam , Jafari Ameneh , Chaleshtori Reza Sharafati 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Currently, there is a growing trend of replacing synthetic antioxidants with natural alternatives to delay or prevent the oxidation of edible oils. In this paper, we assessed the phenolic compounds and antioxidant properties of ethanolic extracts obtained from Cydonia oblonga (SQ). Furthermore, we incorporated SQ at two different concentrations (1% and 2%) into cold-pressed sesame oil, storing it for 30 days under ambient conditions. We then assessed the peroxide value (PV), acid value (AV), oxidative stability using the Rancimat apparatus, and the fatty acids (FAs) composition. Additionally, we conducted molecular docking analyses to explore the interaction between trans fatty acids (TFAs; C18:1 and C18:2) and key pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and C-reactive protein (CRP). The total phenol, flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity of SQ were found to be 95.33 ± 5.03 mg GAE/g, 343.67 ± 16.44 mg QE/g, and 465.67 ± 5.51 mmol Fe2+/g, respectively. The presence of SQ exhibited a significant impact on reducing PV and AV when compared to the control group. Furthermore, the addition of SQ resulted in a significant increase in the induction period (IP) compared to the control. The predominant FAs in the samples were 18:2n-6, 18:1n-9, 16:0, and 18:0, respectively. The levels of TFAs in all samples at 30 days were higher than those at 0 days. TNF-α and IL-6 showed a higher binding affinity for the trans-C18:1 ligand, with a docking score of -6.81 and − 5.82, respectively, compared to the trans-C18:2 ligand. In this context, SQ can be proposed as a natural antioxidant to enhance the oxidative stability of sesame oil. Additionally, the binding preferences and specific interactions of TFAs with these pro-inflammatory cytokines indicate their potential role in modulating inflammation.
Acute Kidney Injury Developed in the Intensive Care Unit: A Population-based Prospective Cohort Study in the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Melo Fernando de Assis Ferreira , Burdmann Emmanuel de Almeida , Macedo Etienne , Mehta Ravindra , Zanetta Dirce Maria Trevisan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
The Brazilian Amazon is a vast area with limited health care resources and scarce data on the epidemiology of acute kidney injury (AKI). We aimed to assess the epidemiology of critically ill AKI patients in this area.
Methods
This was a prospective cohort study of patients aged > 18 years with residential addresses in the Acre state who stayed ≥ two days in one of the three intensive care units (ICUs) of Rio Branco city, the capital of Acre state. The incidence, risk factors and outcomes of AKI (Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria) developed in ICU were evaluated. Admitted patients were followed for up to seven days or until discharge or death, whichever occurred first.
Results
Of 1,494 patients admitted, 1,029 met the inclusion criteria. The incidence of AKI was 53.3% (37.8% had maximum KDIGO stage 3); 7.7% received kidney replacement therapy. Most cases of incident ICU AKI (74.1%) developed in the first three days of ICU hospitalization, and 68.1% were transient. The majority of patients (84.5%) had at least one comorbidity, 19.6% were hemodynamically unstable, and 15.3% had respiratory failure at ICU admission. Only 1.7% of the patients had tropical diseases. Risk factors for AKI included higher age, nonsurgical patients, admission to the ICU from the ward, higher Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II scores at ICU admission, and positive fluid balance > 1500 ml/24 hours in the days before AKI development in the ICU. AKI was associated with higher ICU mortality (adjusted odds ratio 2.04, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.30–3.18). AKI mortality was independently associated with higher age, nonsurgical patients, sepsis at ICU admission, mechanical ventilation and mean positive fluid balance in the ICU > 1500 ml/24 hours during ICU follow-up. Adjusted hazard ratios for AKI mortality 30 and 180 days after ICU discharge were 2.52, 95% CI 1.39–4.56 and 2.01, 95% CI 1.05–3.85, respectively.
Conclusions
AKI incidence was strikingly high among critically ill patients in the Brazilian Amazon. Hospitalizations due to tropical diseases were rare. The AKI etiology, risk factors and outcomes were similar to those described in high-income countries, but mortality rates were higher.
Mental health profile in adolescents with Gender Dysphoria requiring Gender Affirmation: the experience of the University Hospital of Bari
Authors: Petruzzelli Maria Giuseppina , Furente Flora , Annecchini Federica , Tarantino Fabio , Legrottaglie Anna Rosi , Margari Francesco , Lavorato Elisabetta , Matera Emilia 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Over the past twenty years the age at first visit in Gender Identity Clinics decreased and the number of adolescents referred to such Services appears to be increasing. Moreover, a growing body of research reveals that youths with Gender Dysphoria (GD) experience a range of psychiatric disorders at higher rates than the general population, including depression, anxiety, eating disorders and self-harm. The objective of this study was to clinically describe a sample of adolescents with GD seeking Gender Affirmation (GA) who referred to the Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry and Psychiatry Units, Translational Biomedicine and Neurosciences (DiBraiN), University of Bari, Italy, in the attempt to better characterize internalizing symptoms, emotion regulation ability, and emotional investment in the body, depending on whether the GD onset was early or late in life and whether GD is associated with self-harm or not. A total of 66 adolescents with a GA request with an average age of 14.6 (SD±1.68) were included in this study. the comparison according to the GD onset shows significant differences in the emotion dysregulation profile in the total score (p=0.018) and in non-acceptance and strategies scales (p=0.030; p=0.41) with higher scores in the adolescent onset group. The comparison according to the presence of SA behaviors shows statistically significant differences in YSR internalizing symptoms with higher scores in SA behaviors group in almost all dimensions investigated. Lastly, in this group, statistically significant higher scores were found in BIS dimensions Care and Protection (p=0.013; p=0.006).
PosMLP-Video: Spatial and Temporal Relative Position Encoding for Efficient Video Recognition
Authors: Hao Yanbin , Zhou Diansong , Wang Zhicai , Ngo Chong-Wah , He Xiangnan , Wang Meng 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In recent years, vision Transformers and MLPs have demonstrated remarkable performance in image understanding tasks. However, their inherently dense computational operators, such as self-attention and token-mixing layers, pose significant challenges when applied to spatio-temporal video data. To address this gap, we propose PosMLP-Video, a lightweight yet powerful MLP-like backbone for video recognition. Instead of dense operators, we use efficient relative positional encoding (RPE) to build pairwise token relations, leveraging small-sized parameterized relative position biases to obtain each relation score. Specifically, to enable spatio-temporal modeling, we extend the image PosMLP’s positional gating unit to temporal, spatial, and spatio-temporal variants, namely PoTGU, PoSGU, and PoSTGU, respectively. These gating units can be feasibly combined into three types of spatio-temporal factorized positional MLP blocks, which not only decrease model complexity but also maintain good performance. Additionally, we improve the locality of modeling using window partitioning and enrich relative positional relationships using channel grouping. Experimental results demonstrate that PosMLP-Video achieves competitive speed-accuracy trade-offs compared to the previous state-of-the-art models. In particular, PosMLP-Video pre-trained on ImageNet1K achieves 59.0%/70.3% top-1 accuracy on Something-Something V1/V2 and 82.1% top-1 accuracy on Kinetics-400 while requiring much fewer parameters and FLOPs than other models. The code will be made publicly available.
Knowledge on HIV postexposure prophylaxis and associated factors among healthcare
workers in the Kigoma Region, Tanzania
Authors: Lyatula Zekky Mussolini , Mwanga Hussein 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
HIV infection remains a major public health challenge globally. Healthcare workers are at a potential risk, and hence, adequate knowledge on HIV postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) is imperative to prevent HIV infection postexposure to blood and body fluids. To break the chain of infection after potential exposures, extensive case management with HIV PEP is required to minimize chances of acquisition of the infection.
Aim
The aim of this study is to assess the level of knowledge on HIV PEP and associated factors among health care workers in the Kigoma Region, Tanzania.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 377 health care workers at Maweni Hospital, Kibondo District Hospital and Kasulu Town Council Hospital from November to December 2022. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered structured questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using Statistical Package for Social Scientists version 23.0. Adequate knowledge was defined as an overall score of 50% and above. A bivariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess the association between dependent and independent variables and determine the strength of the association between independent and dependent variables, and p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results
Out of 377 study participants, the majority 234 (62.1%) had adequate knowledge of HIV PEP. Health care workers from Kasulu District Hospital were more likely to have adequate knowledge on HIV PEP (AOR = 1.4; 95% CI: 1.02–8.73) than health care workers from other health facilities. Almost 4-fold increased odds of having adequate knowledge on HIV PEP were observed among health care workers from facilities with HIV PEP services (AOR = 3.9; 95% CI: 2.41–6.29).
Conclusion
A significant proportion of study participants had adequate knowledge of HIV PEP. Working in Kasulu District Hospital and in facilities with HIV PEP service was associated with adequate knowledge on HIV PEP. Therefore, healthcare authorities in the Kigoma region should strengthen the implementation of formal HIV PEP. trainings, 24-hour HIV PEP service, and dissemination of updated information education communication materials alongside protocol guidelines to improve the overall adequate knowledge of health care workers in all health care facilities.
Morphological, physiological, and biochemical responses of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) genotypes to water deficit
Authors: Gabira Mônica Moreno , Bergeron Yves , Duarte Manoela Mendes , de Aguiar Natália Saudade , Kratz Dagma , Silva Magali Ribeiro da , Wendling Ivar , Girona Miguel Montoro 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Severe drought is expected to increase in frequency and intensity in South America, likely causing decreased plant productivity and altering species distributions. Yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) is a tree species native to South America and has an ecological, social, and economic importance in several countries. Natural forests and cultivated areas of yerba mate will be endangered by climate change because of the expected reduction in water availability. Here we determined how four clonal genotypes of yerba mate (BRS BLD Yari, BRS BLD Aupaba, BRS 408, and EC40) respond to water deficits by evaluating the plants’ morphophysiological and biochemical characteristics when subjected to four levels of soil water holding capacity (WHC at 100%, 80%, 60%, or 40%) over 60 days. We observed a reduction in plant height and biomass accumulation related to the decrease in water availability; physiological and biochemical parameters indicated that water-deficit stress reduced the plants’ C assimilation and increased their production of bioactive compounds. BRS BLD Yari and BRS BLD Aupaba had a higher tolerance to low water availability, whereas the EC40 and BRS 408 genotypes experienced a more pronounced reduction in growth and biomass accumulation. Understanding how different yerba mate genotypes respond to water deficit is essential for favoring species conservation and developing climate-adapted breeding programs.
Transcriptomic Insights into the Antitumor Mechanism of Bufalin in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell HepG2
Authors: song qinghang , zhang huhu , Li Ya , Yang Lina 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Aim
Bufalin, a cardiotonic steroid derived from Chinese toad venom, exhibits anticancer effects against a variety of malignancies. However, its mechanism of action in human liver cancer remains elusive. This study aimed to elucidate the molecular underpinnings of bufalin's antitumor activity in HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells in vitro.
Methods
HepG2 cells were exposed to 40nM bufalin or 0nM bufalin as a control, and their transcriptomes were compared using RNA sequencing. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified and annotated, and enriched pathways were analyzed using Gene ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes, Gene set enrichment analysis, and Genomes databases.
Results
RNA sequencing revealed 771 DEGs, comprising 362 upregulated and 409 downregulated genes. These DEGs were involved in 78 classical pathways, including 18 closely associated with cancer, such as central carbon metabolism in cancer, cell cycle, DNA replication, fatty acid metabolism, ferroptosis, and so forth. Eleven DEGs (Acyl-CoA oxidase 2 et al.) closely associated with HCC were validated by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, confirming their differential expressions in response to bufalin treatment.
Conclusions
This study demonstrated that bufalin modulates the expression of genes and pathways implicated in various aspects of HCC pathogenesis and progression, such as energy metabolism, cell proliferation, DNA replication, lipid oxidation, and cell death. These findings suggest that bufalin may exert its antitumor effect on HCC cells by targeting multiple molecular mechanisms, and provide potential targets for bufalin-based HCC therapy.