bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating hepatitis C screening among people receiving opioid agonist treatment: A retrospective audit study
Authors: Cordaro Frank , Qian Siyu , Sinclair Barbara 
Published: October 2023

Background Estimates of the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) amongst people who inject drugs are in the range of 50%. Opioid Agonist Treatment (OAT) clinics have a large proportion of people who inject drugs. These clinics, therefore, present an excellent opportunity to identify and treat patients with HCV. Despite this, it remains unclear as to how well these clinics screen patients for HCV. Aim This study aims to quantify the rate of HCV screening of patients that enrolled into treatment at an OAT clinic attached to a large teaching hospital in NSW. Methods A retrospective audit of the electronic medical record of patients commencing OAT at the clinic was performed to determine the rate of HCV screening. Findings During the audit period, there were 99 episodes of care that involved the commencement of OAT at the clinic, for patients who had a history of injecting drugs. Successful screening for HCV occurred in 56% (55/99) of these episodes. Of those screened, 26% were ribonucleic acid positive. Analysis of demographics did not reveal a statistically significant difference between those that were screened and those that were not. Discussion This study revealed a suboptimal rate of HCV screening at the OAT clinic. To improve the screening rate, the clinic could consider providing dried blood spot testing at the initial nurse assessment or having a clinician capable of venepuncture at the clinic.
Orthodontic Management of Children with Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome: An Evidence-based Review
Authors: Koukou Melina , Jabr Luay , Javed Fawad , Michelogiannakis Dimitrios 
Published: October 2023

Aim: Patients with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) often present with macroglossia and aberrant dentoskeletal features, which may increase the prevalence of malocclusion and complicate conventional orthodontic management (OM). The aim was to comprehensively review the available literature regarding the OM of patients with BWS. Materials and Methods: Indexed databases were searched until February 2023. Clinical studies that addressed the dentoskeletal manifestations and OM of patients with BWS were included. A literature search was performed in accordance with the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis. Results: Notably, 8 out of 2,664 initially-identified studies were included. Six of the studies were case reports/case series and two were retrospective clinical studies. A total of 35 patients with BWS who received orthodontic treatment (OT) were included. Common dentoskeletal and soft tissue traits included the presence of macroglossia, obtuse gonial angle, and anterior open bite. Some form of maxillary transverse discrepancy was found in nine patients. The OT modalities that were utilized included extraoral appliances, functional appliances, removable appliances, interarch elastics, and fixed appliances. The outcome of the OT was reported as successful in five studies. The follow-up, as reported by three studies, ranged from 8 months to 6 years, and the results of the OT were maintained. Adjunct interdisciplinary therapeutic procedures included glossectomy, oral physiotherapy, and orthognathic surgery. Conclusion: Based upon limited available evidence, OT in conjunction with tongue reduction surgery and/or myofunctional therapy can be successfully performed in children with BWS to manage various dentoskeletal discrepancies.
Absorbable vs Nonabsorbable Sutures for Achilles Tendon Repair: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Oesman Ihsan , Canintika Anissa Feby 
Published: October 2023

Background: Nonabsorbable sutures are still the main choice for acute Achilles tendon rupture (AATR) repair due to strength provided. However, the rerupture rates, infection risks, foreign body reaction, and postsurgical recovery differences between absorbable and nonabsorbable suture materials in AATR repair have not been carefully reviewed. Methods: A systematic review was done on PubMed, EBSCO, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Embase to find research studies in relation to complications associated with AATR repair using the PRISMA guidelines. The risk of bias from each study included will be assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool for randomized study (RoB 2) and Risk of Bias in Non-Randomized Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I) for nonrandomized study. Results: Five studies with a total of 255 patients, 105 in the absorbable suture group and 150 in the nonabsorbable suture group, were included for analysis. Risk of rerupture, infection, and foreign body reaction shown no significant difference between groups, and the mean difference of recovery scores were similar. Conclusion: Existing literature shows that absorbable sutures appear to be associated with similar outcomes to nonabsorbable sutures regarding rates of rerupture, infection, foreign body reaction, and outcomes grading following surgical repair of acute Achilles tendon repair.
Relationship between Hardness and Deformation during Cold Rolling Process of Complex Profiles
Authors: Zhang Dawei , Hu Linghao , Liu Bingkun , Zhao Shengdun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe hardening on surface of complex profiles such as thread and spline manufactured by cold rolling can effectively improve the mechanical properties and surface quality of rolled parts. The distribution of hardness in superficial layer is closely related to the deformation by rolling. To establish the suitable correlation model for describing the relationship between strain and hardness during cold rolling forming process of complex profiles is helpful to the optimization of rolling parameters and improvement of rolling process. In this study, a physical analog experiment reflecting the uneven deformation during complex-profile rolling process has been extracted and designed, and then the large date set (more than 400 data points) of training samples reflecting the local deformation characteristics of complex-profile rolling have been obtained. Several types of polynomials and power functions were adopted in regression analysis, and the regression correlation models of 45# steel were evaluated by the single-pass and multi-pass physical analog experiments and the complex-profile rolling experiment. The results indicated that the predicting accuracy of polynomial regression model is better in the strain range (i.e., $$\varepsilon < 1.2$$

ε
<
1.2

) of training samples, and the correlation relationship between strain and hardness out strain range (i.e., $$\varepsilon > 1.2$$

ε
>
1.2

) of training samples can be well described by power regression model; so the correlation relationship between strain and hardness during complex-profile rolling process of 45# steel can be characterized by a segmented function such as third-order polynomial in the range $$\varepsilon < 1.2$$

ε
<
1.2

and power function with a fitting constant in the range $$\varepsilon > 1.2$$

ε
>
1.2

; and the predicting error of the regression model by segmented function is less than 10%.
Genetic and other epidemiological risk factors of infants and children with hypospadias: a case control study
Authors: Moustafa Wafaa , Abouelella Soheir , Tawfik Maha , Abuelyazeed Mai , Zanaty Fouad 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
To study hypospadias as regard epidemiological risk factors and genetic association with mutations in Steroid 5 alpha reductase type 2 genes.

Materials
This study was conducted on two groups; the first group included 50 male children with hypospadias and the other group included 50 male healthy children as a matched control. All patients and controls were subjected to detailed history, physical examination and molecular study of 5-alpha-reductase gene polymorphisms (V89L and G34R).

Results
Mean age in hypospadias group was 3.28 ± 2.87 years. The most common type of hypospadias was the glanular type in 19 children (38%). Higher maternal and paternal age, consanguinity, rural residence and preterm labor carry significant epidemiological risk factors for hypospadias. According to genetic study, all healthy children carried the wild valine residue (VV) genotype, while only 44% of hypospadias cases carried the wild VV genotype and 56% carried the mutant L allele (homozygote for leucine residue and heterozygote for both valine and leucine (VL)) with high significant p value (p < 0.001). For Allele Specific—polymerase chain reaction for glycine to arginine (G34R) mutation detection in the 5 alpha reductase type 2 gene, hypospadias children had significantly higher frequency of heterozygous GR genotype than healthy controls. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that mother age and rural residence were the most independent predictors for hypospadias.

Conclusions
V89L and G34R Steroid 5 alpha reductase type 2 gene polymorphisms, higher maternal and paternal age, consanguinity, rural residence and preterm labor carry significant risk factors for hypospadias. On multivariate logistic regression, mother age and rural residence are the most independent predictors for hypospadias.
Sustainable mobility in smart cities: a document study of mobility initiatives of mid-sized Nordic smart cities
Authors: Müller-Eie Daniela , Kosmidis Ioannis 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe smart city concept is being viewed as part of the urban future, integrating technological advances, multi-sectorial collaboration, and innovative open markets with strategic goals and ambitions to achieve sustainable urban development. Smart mobility is considered a vital element of the smart city, given that urban transport systems should become more efficient and sustainable. With this in mind, we raise the question: how sustainable is smart mobility? To answer this, we review smart city strategies and measures of fourteen mid-sized cities of the Nordic Smart Cities Network, identifying smart mobility goals together with proposed or implemented mobility measures. We evaluate how they align with sustainable mobility and how effective they are with the help of two analytical frameworks: a) the EU’s Sustainable Urban Mobility Planning (SUMP) objectives and b) the S.M.A.R.T. objectives. In doing so, we assess to which degree smart mobility strategies and measures in Nordic smart cities contribute to sustainable urban mobility and development, and how they contribute to achieving sustainable and smart city goals in terms of feasibility and accountability. The study reveals that measures mainly address the SUMP objectives relating to efficiency and environment, with little focus on inclusive and safe mobility planning that caters to attractive cities and high quality of urban life. Another finding is that smart mobility measures are relatively conventional, and their goals and ambitions are often stated on an abstract level and rarely measurable with specific indicators. Thus, there seems to be a lack of feasibility and accountability related to smart mobility measures, as well as a lack of focus on social sustainability.
Comparison of efficacy of non-pharmacological intervention for post-stroke dysphagia: a systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis
Authors: Zhu Hao , Deng Xinyuan , Luan Guorui , Zhang Yu , Wu Yichen 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIncreasingly, non-pharmacological interventions are being identified and applied to post-stroke dysphagia. Nevertheless, there is insufficient evidence to assess which type of interventions are more effective. In this study, the randomized controlled trials of non-pharmacological interventions on post-stroke dysphagia were retrieved from the relevant databases. Including 96 studies and 12 non-drug treatments. Then, and the network meta-analysis is carried out by statistical software. The results show: In the aspects of videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS), Standardized Swallowing Assessment (SSA), swallowing-quality of life (SWAL-QOL), Water swallow test (WST); Acupuncture + electrotherapy + rehabilitation training, acupuncture + rehabilitation training + massage, electrotherapy + rehabilitation training, acupuncture + electrotherapy + rehabilitation training, electrotherapy, acupuncture + rehabilitation training + acupoints sticking application have significant effects in post-stroke dysphagia. Compared with other interventions, they have more advantages in improving the above indicators. A substantial number of high-quality randomized clinical trials are still necessary in the prospective to validate the therapeutic effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions in post-stroke dysphagia and the results of this Bayesian network meta-analysis.
Extracellular matrix remodeling proteins as biomarkers for clinical assessment and treatment outcomes in eosinophilic esophagitis
Authors: Pehrsson Martin , de Rooij Willemijn E. , Bay-Jensen Anne-Christine , Karsdal Morten Asser , Mortensen Joachim Høg , Bredenoord Albert Jan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic progressive inflammatory disease of the esophagus, characterized by extracellular matrix remodeling and fibrotic stricture formation. Disease monitoring requires multiple re-endoscopies with esophageal biopsies. Hence non-invasive methods for determining tissue fibrosis and treatment efficacy are warranted.

Aims
To investigate the ability of extracellular matrix proteins in serum as potential biomarkers of tissue remodeling and clinical, endoscopic, and histological disease outcomes in adult EoE patients.

Methods
Protein-fingerprint assays were used to measure neo-epitope specific fragments of collagen remodeling, human-neutrophil elastase degraded calprotectin, and citrullinated or non-citrullinated vimentin in the serum of an adult EoE-cohort. Biomarker analysis, symptoms, endoscopic features and histological disease activity (eosinophils(eos) per high-power-field(hpf)) were evaluated at baseline and after six weeks of dietary intervention.

Results
Patients with a baseline (Endoscopic Reference score) EREFS fibrosis subscore ≥ 2 presented with increased fibrolysis of cross-linked type III collagen (CTX-III) (p < 0.01), whereas low CTX-III levels were observed in patients achieving histological remission (< 15 eos/hpf) (vs. no histological remission (p < 0.05). Progression of endoscopic fibrosis after intervention was associated with increased levels of type-III (PRO-C3) and -VI collagen (PRO-C6) formation (all; p < 0.05). A baseline EREFS inflammatory subscore ≥ 2 correlated with higher neutrophilic activity (Cpa9-HNE) at week 6 (p < 0.05). Moreover, increased degradation of type-III (C3M) and -IV (C4M/PRO-C4) collagens were associated with remission of food impaction after intervention (all; p < 0.05).

Conclusion
Serum extracellular matrix remodeling proteins demonstrated potential as surrogate biomarkers for assessing histological disease remission, endoscopic fibrosis, and remission of symptoms of food impaction after diet intervention in adult EoE patients.
Herpes Virus Infections in Kidney Transplant Patients (HINT) – a prospective observational cohort study
Authors: Hamm Sebastian Rask , Saini Sunil Kumar , Hald Annemette , Vaaben Anna V. , Pedersen Natasja Wulff , Suarez-Zdunek Moises Alberto , Harboe Zitta Barrella , Bruunsgaard Helle , Johansen Isik Somuncu , Larsen Carsten Schade , Bistrup Claus , Birn Henrik , Sørensen Søren Schwartz , Hadrup Sine Reker , Nielsen Susanne Dam 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Kidney transplant recipients receive maintenance immunosuppressive therapy to avoid allograft rejection resulting in increased risk of infections and infection-related morbidity and mortality. Approximately 98% of adults are infected with varicella zoster virus, which upon reactivation causes herpes zoster. The incidence of herpes zoster is higher in kidney transplant recipients than in immunocompetent individuals, and kidney transplant recipients are at increased risk of severe herpes zoster-associated disease. Vaccination with adjuvanted recombinant glycoprotein E subunit herpes zoster vaccine (RZV) prevents herpes zoster in older adults with excellent efficacy (90%), and vaccination of kidney transplant candidates is recommended in Danish and international guidelines. However, the robustness and duration of immune responses after RZV vaccination, as well as the optimal timing of vaccination in relation to transplantation remain unanswered questions. Thus, the aim of this study is to characterize the immune response to RZV vaccination in kidney transplant candidates and recipients at different timepoints before and after transplantation.

Methods
The Herpes Virus Infections in Kidney Transplant Patients (HINT) study is a prospective observational cohort study. The study will include kidney transplant candidates on the waiting list for transplantation (n = 375) and kidney transplant recipients transplanted since January 1, 2019 (n = 500) from all Danish kidney transplant centers who are offered a RZV vaccine as routine care. Participants are followed with repeated blood sampling until 12 months after inclusion. In the case of transplantation or herpes zoster disease, additional blood samples will be collected until 12 months after transplantation. The immune response will be characterized by immunophenotyping and functional characterization of varicella zoster virus-specific T cells, by detection of anti-glycoprotein E antibodies, and by measuring cytokine profiles.

Discussion
The study will provide new knowledge on the immune response to RZV vaccination in kidney transplant candidates and recipients and the robustness and duration of the response, potentially enhancing preventive strategies against herpes zoster in a population at increased risk.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05604911).
Development and validation of a self-regulation scale within the German version of the Early Development Instrument
Authors: Georg Sabine , Genser Bernd , Fischer Joachim , Sachse Steffi , De Bock Freia 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Early childhood self-regulation (SR) is key for many health- and education-related outcomes across the life span. Kindergarten age is a crucial period for SR development, and within this developmental window, potential SR difficulties can still be compensated for (e.g., through interventions). However, efficient measurement of SR through brief, comprehensive, and easy-to-use instruments that identify SR difficulties are scarce. To address this need, we used items of an internationally applied kindergarten teacher questionnaire—the Early Development Instrument (EDI) – to develop and validate a specific SR measurement scale.

Methods
The psychometric evaluation and validation of the selected SR-items was performed in data collected with the German version of the EDI (GEDI), in two independent data sets – (a) the development dataset, with 191 children, and b) the validation dataset, with 184 children. Both included three- to six-year-old children and contained retest and interrater reliability data. First, three independent raters—based on theory—selected items eligible to form a SR scale from the two SR-relevant GEDI domains "social competence" and "emotional maturity". Second, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis using structural equation modeling examined the item structure across both data sets. This resulted in a defined SR scale, of which internal consistency, test–retest and interrater reliability, cross-validation, and concurrent validity using correlation and descriptive agreements (Bland–Altman (BA) plots) with an existing validated SR-measuring instrument (the Kindergarten Behavioral Scales) were assessed.

Results
Confirmatory factor analysis across both data sets yielded the best fit indices with 13 of the GEDI 20 items initially deemed eligible for SR measurement, and a three-factor structure: a) behavioral response inhibition, b) cognitive inhibition, c) selective or focused attention (RMSEA: 0.019, CFI: 0.998). Psychometric evaluation of the resulting 13-item-GEDI-SR scale revealed good internal consistency (0.92), test–retest and interrater reliability (0.85 and 0.71, respectively), validity testing yielded stability across populations and good concurrent validity with the Kindergarten Behavioral Scales (Pearson correlation coefficient: mean 0.72, range 0.61 to 0.84).

Conclusions
The GEDI contains 13 items suitable to assess SR, either as part of regular EDI developmental monitoring or as a valid stand-alone scale. This short 13-item (G)EDI-SR scale may allow early detection of children with SR difficulties in the kindergarten setting in future and could be the basis for public health intervention planning. To attain this goal, future research should establish appropriate reference values using a representative standardization sample.
Oropharyngeal administration of colostrum targeting gut microbiota and metabolites in very preterm infants: protocol for a multicenter randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wang Na , Zhang Jia , Yu Zhangbin , Yan Xudong , Zhang Lian , Peng Haibo , Chen Cheng , Li Rui 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Oropharyngeal administration of colostrum (OAC) has an immune-stimulating effect on oropharyngeal-associated lymphoid tissue, and can promote the maturation of the gastrointestinal tract. However, how OAC promotes intestinal maturation in preterm infants by altering gut microbiota remains unclear. We aim to assess changes in gut microbiota and metabolites after OAC in very preterm infants.

Methods
A multicenter, double-blind, randomized controlled trial will be conducted in three large neonatal intensive care units in Shenzhen, China, with preterm infants with gestational age less than 32 weeks at birth and birth weight less than 1500 g. It is estimated that 320 preterm infants will be enrolled in this study within one year. The intervention group will receive oropharyngeal administration of 0.2 ml colostrum every 3 h, starting between the first 48 to 72 h and continued for 5 consecutive days. Following a similar administration scheme, the control group will receive oropharyngeal administration of sterile water. Stool samples will be collected at the first defecation, as well as on the 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th days after birth for analysis of effect of OAC on gut microbiota and metabolites through 16sRNA gene sequencing and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Discussion
This proposal advocates for the promotion of OAC as a safe and relatively beneficial protocol in neonatal intensive care units, which may contribute to the establishment of a dominant intestinal flora. Findings of this study may help improve the health outcomes of preterm infants by establishment of targeted gut microbiota in future studies.

Trial registration
NCT05481866 (registered July 30, 2022 on ClinicalTrials.gov).