bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transport-related social exclusion and mobility in developing countries: the South African case
Authors: Luke Rose 
Published: February 2024

IntroductionTransport-related social exclusion has been studied in many countries, and from many different perspectives. In Africa, however, there is little recent research into the phenomenon, even though African cities tend to have poor transport services, urban sprawl is extensive usually resulting in long travel times and high travel costs, and certain areas experience high levels of crime. By implication, there are several factors that impact the ability of people to access economic and societal opportunities, however these are not well documented. Building on previous work from several authors, this research sought to describe transport-related social exclusion in a large metropolitan area in an emerging economy.MethodsUsing a qualitative methodology, 60 interviews were conducted with City of Johannesburg residents. The data was analyzed using manual thematic and classic content analysis.ResultsThe study found that residents often did not have access to services due to availability, but also that economic, geographic and fear-based exclusion were particularly prevalent in the sample, although there were several other psychological exclusion dimensions, as well as information exclusion.DiscussionThis study is the first recent study in South Africa to consider a wide range of commuters from varying demographic strata, thus providing a novel perspective on TRSE in a major urban area in the country. The study recommends that policy actions be considered, taking into account the minibus taxi industry, which is often overlooked in government policy. TRSE should also be an inherent element in urban (and other) transport planning, as well as take into account the broader societal realities faced by citizens. Future research directions include conducting broader quantitative studies across a variety of urban areas in South Africa, and beyond, to determine specific TRSE dimensions in various urban areas. Policy analysis is also recommended, to determine TRSE policy gaps and align interventions with specific commuter needs.
Study and analysis of the correlation between lumbar spondylolisthesis and Modic changes
Authors: Li Guang-qing , Kang Xiao , Li Wei , Pei Shi-shen 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundThis study aimed to explore the risk factors of Modic changes in lumbar spondylolisthesis.MethodsThe distribution of Modic changes in different types of lumbar spondylolisthesis, degree of spondylolisthesis, and degree of intervertebral disc degeneration in patients with lumbar spondylolisthesis was observed and analyzed. Statistical analysis was conducted to assess whether intervertebral disc degeneration, local mechanical changes, etc. affect the occurrence of Modic changes. The risk factors of Modic changes in lumbar spondylolisthesis were further illustrated.ResultsThe age in the lumbar spondylolisthesis with Modic changes group was younger than that in the lumbar spondylolisthesis without Modic changes group, and the bone mineral density was better in the lumbar spondylolisthesis with Modic changes group than that in the lumbar spondylolisthesis without Modic changes group, P &lt; 0.05. The two groups statistically differed in intervertebral disc height (IDH) and disc angle on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In the classification of Modic changes, the incidence of type II was the highest. The incidence of Modic changes is higher in isthmic spondylolisthesis than in degenerative spondylolisthesis. With the aggravation of lumbar spondylolisthesis and intervertebral disc degeneration, the incidence of Modic changes gradually increased. Modic changes are most commonly seen in both the upper and lower endplates. Logistic regression analysis showed that the occurrence of Modic changes in lumbar spondylolisthesis was significantly correlated with IDH, disc angle on MRI, type of spondylolisthesis, degree of spondylolisthesis, and degree of intervertebral disc degeneration, P &lt; 0.05.ConclusionsThe occurrence of Modic changes is related to the type of spondylolisthesis, the degree of spondylolisthesis, the degree of disc degeneration, the decrease of intervertebral disc height, and local stress angulation.
Bovine mortality: the utility of two data sources for the provision of population-level surveillance intelligence
Authors: Eze Jude I. , Correia-Gomes Carla , Gunn George J. , Tongue Sue C. 
Published: February 2024

IntroductionThe use of existing data to provide surveillance intelligence is widely advocated but often presents considerable challenges. Two data sources could be used as proxies for the mortality experienced by the Scottish cattle population: deaths recorded in the mandatory register [Cattle Tracing System (CTS)] and fallen stock collections by the National Fallen Stock Company (NSFCo) with a nationwide voluntary membership.MethodsData for the period 2011–2016 were described and compared to establish their strengths and limitations. Similarities and differences in their temporal, seasonal and spatial patterns were examined overall, at postcode area level and for different age groups. Temporal aberration detection algorithms (TADA) were fitted.ResultsBroadly, similar patterns were observed in the two datasets; however, there were some notable differences. The observed seasonal, annual and spatial patterns match expectations, given knowledge of Scottish cattle production systems. The registry data provide more comprehensive coverage of all areas of Scotland, while collections data provide a more comprehensive measure of the mortality experienced in 0–1-month-old calves.DiscussionConsequently, estimates of early calf mortality and their impact on the livestock sector made using CTS, or successor registers, will be under-estimates. This may apply to other registry-based systems. Fitted TADA detected points of deviations from expected norms some of which coincided in the two datasets; one with a known external event that caused increased mortality. We have demonstrated that both data sources do have the potential to be utilized to provide measures of mortality in the Scottish cattle population that could inform surveillance activities. While neither is perfect, they are complementary. Each has strengths and weaknesses, so ideally, a system where they are analyzed and interpreted in parallel would optimize the information obtained for surveillance purposes for epidemiologists, risk managers, animal health policy-makers and the wider livestock industry sector. This study provides a foundation on which to build an operational system. Further development will require improvements in the timeliness of data availability and further investment of resources.
Dirofilariasis: "Yours" or "Someone Else’s"?
Authors: Климович Н.В. , Падуто Д.С. , Анисько Л.А. , Климович А.Е. , Кардис В.И. , Шевякова Е.В. , Кокарева М.В. , Алишевич И.А. 
Published: February 2024

Дирофиляриоз – инфекция, которая широко распространена среди собак в Северной и Южной Америке, Австралии, Южной Азии, Японии, регистрируется в европейском регионе. Дирофиляриоз у людей длительное время считали редким, характерным преимущественно для стран с жарким климатом заболеванием. У человека паразит обычно не достигает взрослой стадии и остается в незрелой форме. Это может вызвать синдром мигрирующей личинки и образование подкожных узелков. В данной публикации представлен клинический случай дирофиляриоза, выявленного в Республике Беларусь и претендующего на роль «местного» возбудителя. Согласно результатам гистологического исследования извлеченного паразита особь не обладала свойствами половозрелого организма, имела морфологические признаки, характерные для личинки. Учитывая наличие у пациентки постоянного контакта с собаками, проживающими на дворовой территории, проявление локальных признаков потенциального места внедрения возбудителя, появление множественных подкожных узелков (со слов пациента), вероятнее всего, речь идет о повторном инфицировании. С учетом анамнеза отсутствия посещения регионов, эндемичных по дирофиляриозу, расширяющегося ареала распространения возбудителя, представленный случай может быть отнесен к аутохтонному.
Dirofilariasis is a widespread infection among dogs in North and South America, Australia, South Asia, Japan, and it is registered in the European region. Dirofilariasis in humans has long been considered rare, characteristic mainly of countries with hot climates. In humans, the parasite usually does not reach the adult stage and remains in an immature form. This can cause migrating larva syndrome and the formation of subcutaneous nodules. This publication presents a clinical case of dirofilariasis identified in the Republic of Belarus and claiming to be a “local” pathogen. According to the results of histological examination of the extracted parasite, the individual did not possess the properties of a sexually mature organism, had morphological signs characteristic of a larva. The patient in this case had constant contact with dogs living in outside, the manifestation of local signs of a potential site of introduction of the pathogen, the appearance of multiple subcutaneous nodules, most likely we are talking about re-infection. Taking into account the anamnesis of the absence of visits to regions endemic to dirofilariasis, the expanding range of the pathogen, the presented case can be attributed to local case.
Rare Comorbid Condition in Ophthalmological Practice
Authors: Гюрджян Т.А. , Гришкевич А.Н. , Василевич Е.В. , Пинчук Н.А. , Потрясова Н.В. , Чиж А.Г. , Семак И.А. 
Published: February 2024

Офтальмологию относят к «узкой» специальности. Это можно объяснить условной изолированностью органа зрения от нашего организма. Но это очень относительно. По сути, изолированных органов нет, хотя некоторая «самостоятельность», «автономность» систем и органов существует. Многие общие, системные патологические процессы, в частности сердечно-сосудистые и эндокринные заболевания, проявляются изменениями со стороны органа зрения. Тесные анатомо-топографические связи околоносовых пазух с орбитой предрасполагают к развитию офтальмологических осложнений практически при всех заболеваниях околоносовых пазух, в том числе и при новообразованиях околоносовых пазух, среди которых наиболее часто встречается мукоцеле, которое может распространиться в орбиту и в редких случаях в полость черепа.
Ophthalmology is classified as a "narrow" specialty. This can be explained by the relative isolation of the organ of vision from our body. But this is very relative. In essence, there are no "isolated" organs, although relative "independence", "autonomy" of systems and organs exists. Many general, systemic pathological processes, in particular cardiovascular and endocrine diseases, are manifested by changes in the organ of vision. The close anatomical and topographic connections of the paranasal sinuses with the orbit predispose to the development of ophthalmological complications in almost all diseases of the paranasal sinuses, including neoplasms of the paranasal sinuses, among which the most common are mucoceles, which can spread into the orbit and, in rare cases, into the cranial cavity.
Algonormative expectations
Authors: Schwartz Germano , Almeida da Costa Renata 
Published: February 2024

Contemporary society has developed, for itself, a way of reducing its own complexity: algorithms. Their basic function is precisely that of reducing the complexity of expectations – cognitive and normative – and those of the expectations of expectations (juridical decisions). When observed under this lens, algorithms, by way of their artificial communication, equally influence normative expectations (Luhmann) and juridical norms (Hydén). In this article we will attempt to respond to the following question: is it possible to defend the existence of algonormative expectations? In order to respond, methodologically, one seeks to define in what way the employment of the theories of these authors contribute to the development of the concept of algonormative expectations. It is in this direction that one initially approaches Hydén’s bases for algo norms and, at a second stage, one seeks to conjugate them with Luhmannian cognitive expectations. The final question is to verify, alongside the artificial intelligence defended by Esposito, what the conditions are for the observation of algonormative expectations.
La sociedad contemporánea ha desarrollado, para sí misma, una forma de reducir su propia complejidad: los algoritmos. Su función básica es precisamente la de reducir la complejidad de las expectativas –cognitivas y normativas– y la de las expectativas de las expectativas (decisiones jurídicas). Observados bajo este prisma, los algoritmos, a través de su comunicación artificial, influyen por igual en las expectativas normativas (Luhmann) y en las normas jurídicas (Hydén). En este artículo intentamos responder a la siguiente pregunta: ¿es posible defender la existencia de expectativas algonormativas? Para responder, metodológicamente, se busca definir de qué manera el empleo de las teorías de los mencionados autores contribuyen al desarrollo del concepto de expectativas algonormativas. Justamente en esa dirección se abordan inicialmente las bases de Hydén para las algo-normas y, en una segunda etapa, se busca conjugarlas con las expectativas cognitivas luhmannianas. La cuestión final es verificar, junto a la inteligencia artificial defendida por Esposito, cuáles son las condiciones para la observación de expectativas algonormativas.
Analisis Kinerja Pegawai Badan Pusat Statistik di Kabupaten Aceh Singkil
Authors: Sarina Sarina , Fadhiela ND Keumala 
Published: February 2024

The performance of employees in an agency determines the effectiveness of the service process obtained by the community, as well as employees at the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) Kabupaten Aceh Singkil as the basis for presenting data under the auspices of the state. The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze the performance of employees at the Central Bureau of Statistics of Aceh Singkil Regency. The approach used in this research is quantitative research. The data collection method uses a questionnaire. The number of samples in this study were 21 respondents. The results showed that the three independent variables used in this study had an influence on employee performance, as it was found that the value of sig. > 0.05, i.e. 0.007 <0.05, so it can be concluded that simultaneously the quality of work, quantity of work and work performance have a significant effect on the work achievement of BPS employees in Aceh Singkil Regency. Furthermore, through the three independent variables above, the dependent variable in this study is answered, namely employee performance. Based on the results of multiple linear regression analysis showing maximum results with a number of 98.00 to 100.00, this figure can be translated that so far the performance of the Central Statistics Agency (BPS Kabupaten Aceh Singkil) is classified as good, both in terms of quality, quantity and work performance.Keywords: Analysis, Employee Performance, Central Bureau of Statistics Aceh Singkil Regency.
Analisis Tingkat Kepatuhan Pajak Terhadap Pegawai Di Dinas Pekerjaan Umum Dan Penataan Ruang Kabupaten Aceh Barat
Authors: Nadia Nadia , Damrus Damrus , Manan Afni Abdul 
Published: February 2024

This studysaims toanalyze thejlevel of tax compliance with employees in thedPublic Works and Spatial Planning Officejof West Aceh District. Taxpayer compliance can increase state revenue. Employees who are subject to tax at the Public Works and Spatial Planning (PUPR) Office of West Aceh Regency depend on the large amount of Non-Taxable Income (PTKP) received by employees. With the number of employees affected by the taxpayer at the West Aceh District PUPR Service, there are still several employees who are late when reporting their taxes. This studyfuses ayqualitative descriptiveyresearch design. Datarwas collectedwby documentationrand interview methods. The datajanalysis method used in this study is a qualitative analysis method. The results showed that the level of tax compliance with employees at the West Aceh District PUPR Service was in the very good category, this was due to an increase in employee compliance in paying taxes at the West Aceh District PUPR Service. Obstacles experienced in realizing taxpayer compliance for PUPR Service employees of West Aceh Regency, namely the lack of understanding and awareness of taxpayers, the income level of taxpayers and not understanding when accessing online or not mastering IT when submitting their SPT reports.Keywords : Compliance, Taxpayers, Employees
Analisa Kesalahan Imla' Pada Kitab Al-'Ashri Di Tingkat SMA
Authors: Choirun Nadiya  , Fauji Imam 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Textbooks are part of educational resources that have an advantage in influencing the success of Arabic language learning. Textbooks as teaching materials also contribute greatly to maximizing the quality of primary and secondary education, therefore it is necessary to analyze errors in textbooks because it is possible that there are writing errors or errors in the use of language and so on. From a number of textbooks available for the implementation of learning, especially Arabic, the author is interested in the Al-‘Ashri Arabic study book for high school level published by PW Muhammadiyah East Java in 2018. This research aims to analyze the form of imla’ errors in the book Al-‘Ashri at the high school level. This study uses qualitative research methods with the type of library research and analysis methods, namely content analysis and data collection methods by means of documentation to find out the imla’ errors in the Al-ashri book and to find out what factors trigger imla’ errors in the Al-‘Ashri textbook. The results of the analysis in this book are found quite a lot of imla’ errors such as the location of writing hamzah washal and hamzah qath’i, errors in writing letters, ta’ marbuthah, alif maqsurah, writing harakat, tasydid, sentences written without spaces and tarakib errors.
Keywords: Analysis; Textbook; Imla' Error

Abstrak
Buku pelajaran merupakan bagian sumber daya pendidikan yang mempunyai keunggulan dalam memberi pengaruh berhasilnya pembelajaran Bahasa Arab. Buku pelajaran sebagai bahan ajar juga berkontribusi besar dalam memaksimalkan kualitas pendidikan dasar dan menengah, oleh karenanya perlu diadakan analisa kesalahan terhadap buku pelajaran sebab memungkinkan adanya kesalahan penulisan atau kesalahan penggunaan bahasa dan sebagainya. Dari sejumlah buku ajar yang tersedia guna pelaksanaan pembelajaran terutama Bahasa Arab, penulis tertarik dengan buku belajar Bahasa Arab Al-‘Ashri tingkat SMA terbitan PW Muhammadiyah Jawa Timur Tahun 2018. Diadakannya penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bentuk kesalahan imla’ dalam kitab Al-‘Ashri di tingkat SMA. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian kepustakaan (library research) dan metode analisa yaitu analisa konten (content analysis) serta metode pengumpulan data dengan cara dokumentasi untuk mengetahui kesalahan imla’ buku Al-ashri dan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor apa saja yang memicu kesalahan imla’ pada buku ajar Al-‘Ashri. Hasil analisis pada buku ini yaitu ditemukan cukup banyak kesalahan imla’ seperti pada letak penulisan hamzah washal dan hamzah qath’i, kesalahan penulisan huruf, ta’ marbuthah, alif maqsurah, penulisan harakat, tasydid, kalimat yang ditulis tanpa spasi serta kesalahan tarakib.
Kata Kunci: Analisis, buku ajar, kesalahan imla'
PEMERIKSAAN TEKANAN DARAH DAN TES BUTA WARNA PADA MAHASISWA BARU DI SALAH SATU PTS KOTA PALEMBANG TAHUN 2023
Authors: Sulastina Nur Afni , Oktaviana Hasibuan Tri , Fitri Melly , Septiani Rima , Eliyani Yunita 
Published: February 2024

Background: Health examinations can be carried out at government or private laboratories or free health education institutions. A person's blood pressure is influenced by several factors, such as changes in body position and physical activity. However, color often causes problems for sufferers both in daily activities and when sufferers want to pursue higher education or apply for certain types of work. The aim is to provide blood pressure checks and color blindness tests for new students at PTS X Palembang City in 2023. Method: research using quantitative methods with a Cross Sectional research design, carried out at the PTS X Laboratory, Palembang City on September 7 2023. The research population was 96 students and the research sample was 96 students using total sampling technique, data collection using checklist sheets and data analysis using univariate and bivariate analysis. Results: Based on the results obtained from 96 students at PTS Blood pressure examination results were abnormal 51.0%, normal 49.0%. The color blindness test results, which were 1.0% color blind, were 99.0% normal. From the majors, the Public Health major got 57.3%, ATLM 42.7%. There is a significant relationship between the color blindness test and gender (p value 0.003 and OR 0.900). There was no relationship between gender, PTS major and blood pressure. There is no relationship between major and color blindness test. Conclusion: Blood pressure checks and especially color blindness should be given early so as not to affect learning achievement, educational paths and future career development.

Keywords : Health Checkup, Blood pressure, Color blindness
PERAN ORANG TUA POLA ASUPAN GIZI DALAM MENGEMBANGKAN MOTORIK KASAR ANAK USIA 4-5 TAHUN DI TKIT ASRI PALEMBANG
Authors: Agustinawati Zulaikha , Fatmawati Tresna , Rizal Ahmad Faisal , Darmawati Junay 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
Background: Early childhood is a child who has just been born until the age of 6 years. This age is a very determining age in the formation of a child's character and personality. Early age is the age where children experience rapid growth and development. Early age is referred to as golden age. This research is qualitative research using a descriptive approach. The subjects in this research were the school principal, class teachers, parents of students. In the data collection process, researchers used interview methods, observation, data documentation and analysis, data display, data reduction, data conclusion. Meanwhile, the data validity test used in the research is a credibility test using triangulation techniques. The aim of this research is to determine: (1) Nutritional intake of children aged 4-5 years at TKIT ASRI (2) Gross motor development of children aged 4-5 years at TK IT ASRI (3) Methods used to develop gross motor skills of children aged 4 -5 years at TKIT ASRI.From the research results, it can be concluded that: (1) The nutritional intake or food that is often given to children 4-5 years old is healthy food such as 4 healthy 5 perfect food, (2) Children at TKIT ASRI are active children. This can be seen from the characteristics of children whose motor skills are developing according to the Indonesian Ministry of Health (3). The method used to ensure children's motor skills develop well is through gymnastics activities, inviting children to play actively, giving children the freedom to choose games that children like
Keywords: Gross Motor Development Age 4-5 years, Nutritional Intake Patterns, Role of Parents