bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intraspecific gene regulation in cis- and trans-
Authors: Durkin Sylvia M , Nachman Michael W 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Changes in gene expression underlie much of evolution and occur via either cis-acting mutations, which lie near the affected gene and act in a context-specific manner, or trans-acting mutations, which may be far from the affected gene and act through diffusible molecules such as transcription factors. A commonly held view is that most expression variation within species is controlled in trans- while expression differences between species are largely controlled in cis-. Here, we summarize recent intraspecific gene regulation studies and find, contrary to this widely held view, that many studies in diverse taxa have revealed a large role for cis-acting mutations underlying expression variation within species. A review of the existing literature also shows that preparations using whole organisms rather than individual tissues may be biased toward identifying trans-regulation. Moreover, we note several examples of predominantly cis-acting regulation in recently diverged populations adapted to different environments. We highlight the challenges of drawing general conclusions from comparisons among studies that use different methodologies and we offer suggestions for studies that will address outstanding questions concerning the evolution of gene regulation.
Cyclical, multi-trophic-level responses to a volatile, introduced forage fish: Learning from four decades of food web observation to inform management
Authors: Lepak Jesse M , Hansen Adam G , Johnson Brett M , Battige Kyle , Cristan Erik T , Farrell Collin J , Pate William M , Rogers Kevin B , Treble Andrew J , Walsworth Timothy E 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Species introductions can have significant effects on recipient ecosystems. Anticipating potential ecosystem change in response to introduced species based on historical information can help managers prepare for future conditions. Rainbow Smelt Osmerus mordax have been introduced widely to improve sport fish growth. As intended, Walleye Sander vitreus growth in Horsetooth Reservoir, Colorado increased after Rainbow Smelt introduction, but poor Walleye recruitment occurred as well. Additionally, opossum shrimp Mysis diluviana became absent from both predator diets and intermittent surveys, the dominant Daphnia species in Horsetooth Reservoir shifted and Daphnia densities declined significantly. These patterns were repeated during two different time periods of increased Rainbow Smelt abundance, suggesting that Rainbow Smelt have a strong influence on multiple components of the ecosystem. The repetition of responses to Rainbow Smelt offered the opportunity to evaluate indicators to anticipate potential ecosystem regime shifts that restructure predator–prey dynamics across trophic levels. Three predictors (i.e., high estimated Rainbow Smelt abundance, high catch rates of large Walleye, and low Daphnia densities) were associated with poor Walleye recruitment. Simple indicators like these could inform timely management decisions to take advantage of the benefits Rainbow Smelt offer, while lessening their undesirable effects. For example, management decisions could be made, such as preparing for Walleye egg collections, rearing and stocking of Walleye, increasing availability or quality of Walleye spawning habitat, allowing more protective or liberalized adult Walleye harvest to promote natural recruitment, and limiting Rainbow Smelt access to their spawning habitat.
Global priorities for ocean sustainability from Early Career Ocean Professionals
Authors: Satterthwaite Erin V , Robbins Matthew , Crespo Guillermo Ortuño , Puskic Peter S , Giddens Jonatha , Kostianaia Evgeniia , Giron-Nava Alfredo , Elsler Laura G , Rguez-Baron Juan M , Brodnicke Ole Bjørn 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Intergenerational diversity is central to achieving long-term ocean sustainability. As such, one of the main goals and challenges in the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (2021–2030) is fostering engagement and leadership across career stages and from diverse sectors. To understand the knowledge and professional development needs of the next generation, we surveyed the perspectives of 1344 Early Career Ocean Professionals (ECOPs) across 108 countries and territories. We assess the survey results, reflect on what has been done to address these needs halfway through the Ocean Decade, and suggest areas to further progress. We found that climate change and its social and ecological impacts are the unifying topical priority for ECOPs globally. ECOPs called for support and access to professional development. Despite progress in many initiatives, enhanced opportunities for collaboration across disciplines and sectors, mentorship and professional development, knowledge and resource-sharing across regions, inclusion in decision-making and policy processes, and support for socially impactful and applied research require further attention. In addition, the survey responses indicated that access to funding, infrastructure, and ocean science tools was not equitably distributed globally, with the need to prioritize the ECOPs in the Global South and island nations and states. The results from this global survey serve as a foundational step to reflect upon and continue to co-design and deliver a collective vision for ocean sustainability involving the next generation of ocean leaders throughout the second half of the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development and beyond.
Quantifying years of life lost in Australia: a multiple cause of death analysis
Authors: Joshy Grace , Bishop Karen , Li Hang , Moran Lauren , Gourley Michelle , Welsh Jennifer , Korda Rosemary , Banks Emily , Adair Tim , Rao Chalapati 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Deaths in Australia and other high-income countries increasingly involve multiple conditions. However, key burden of disease measures typically only use the underlying cause of death (UC). We quantified sex and cause-specific years of life lost (YLL) based on UC compared with a method integrating multiple causes of death.

Methods
Causes of death for all deaths in Australia (2015–17), mapped to 136 groups based on International Classification of Diseases 10th revision (ICD-10), were ascribed using (1) the UC only and (2) a multiple cause weighting (WT) strategy. Applying the Global Burden of Disease 2010 life table, YLLUC and YLLWT rates were calculated for each sex and cause of death and compared using relative and absolute measures.

Results
All-cause YLL rates were 113.4/1000 for males and 79.9/1000 for females. Cancers, cardiovascular diseases, external causes, respiratory diseases and nervous system diseases were the five biggest contributors to YLL for each method. For the top 20 causes combined, YLLWT rates were 10% lower for males (YLLWT = 74.93/1000 vs YLLUC = 67.38/1000) and 7% lower for females (YLLWT = 51.34/1000; YLLUC = 47.90/1000); YLLWT rates were lower for ischaemic heart disease and all cancers, but higher for diabetes and dementia, and for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in males. With multiple cause weighting, renal failure emerged among the top 20 causes of YLL, as did atrial fibrillation and hypertension among females. YLLWT rates for substance abuse, mood disorders, hypertension and schizophrenia were relatively high compared with YLLUC.

Conclusion
The YLLWT metric highlights epidemiologically important conditions that are less often selected as the UC.
Research on optimization of power system load response strategy and cost–benefit analysis based on electricity price algorithm model
Authors: Geng Quanfeng , Yang Kai , Li Jing , Feng Guanglei , Hao Wenchao , Gao Lingling 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This article proposes an innovative framework that amalgamates deep reinforcement learning (DRL) with cost–benefit analysis (CBA). The enhanced actor–critic DRL algorithm simultaneously addresses short-term price fluctuations and long-term system benefits, facilitating optimization across multiple time scales. Furthermore, it establishes a dynamic, multidimensional CBA model that encompasses a comprehensive evaluation of economic, social, and technological benefits, employing a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method for quantitative analysis. The integration of DRL and CBA forms a closed-loop system that continuously refines strategy optimization through real-time adjustments of the reward function and evaluation weights. Experimental results validate the efficacy of this approach.
Management strategy for building—photovoltaic with battery energy storage
Authors: Wang Yong , Zhang Yuechang 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Combining buildings with photovoltaic (PV) is very promising, whether a building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) or building-attached PV (BAPV) program. In this paper, we take a home building as an example to design a feasible energy management scheme; we classify the home loads into dispatchable and nondispatchable loads and optimize the operating hours of dispatchable loads to obtain lower electricity bills and higher PV consumption rates. We perform a detailed analysis of the proposed strategy and fully validate it, and the proposed plan has been proven to perform better.
Protozoa-enhanced conjugation frequency alters the dissemination of soil antibiotic resistance
Authors: Lin Chenshuo , Li Li-Juan , Yang Kai , Xu Jia-Yang , Fan Xiao-Ting , Chen Qing-Lin , Zhu Yong-Guan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Protozoa, as primary predators of soil bacteria, represent an overlooked natural driver in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). However, the effects of protozoan predation on ARGs dissemination at the community level, along with the underlying mechanisms, remain unclear. Here we used fluorescence-activated cell sorting, qPCR, combined with metagenomics and reverse transcription quantitative PCR, to unveil how protozoa (Colpoda steinii and Acanthamoeba castellanii) influence the plasmid-mediated transfer of ARGs to soil microbial communities. Protozoan predation reduced the absolute abundance of plasmids but promoted the expression of conjugation-associated genes, leading to a 5-fold and 4.5-fold increase in conjugation frequency in the presence of C. steinii and A. castellanii, respectively. Excessive oxidative stress, increased membrane permeability, and the provoked SOS response closely associated with the increased conjugative transfer. Protozoan predation also altered the plasmid host range and selected for specific transconjugant taxa along with ARGs and virulence factors carried by transconjugant communities. This study underscores the role of protozoa in the plasmid-mediated conjugative transfer of ARGs, providing new insights into microbial mechanisms that drive the dissemination of environmental antibiotic resistance.
Understanding Preferences over Borders
Authors: Lipps Jana , Sczepanski Ronja , Malet Giorgio 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The governance of international borders has evolved into a contentious issue of political competition along the cosmopolitan-nationalistic divide. Despite a strong polarization over the level of border openness, many border security policies are carried by a strong cross-partisan support base. This puzzle suggests that public preferences toward border security might be more context-dependent and prone to framing strategies than previously assumed. We develop a theoretical argument that explains under what conditions citizen preferences over borders are more likely to polarize or to converge, and we examine the effect of concrete border security measures, their justification, and the neighboring country to which they apply. We test our argument with a novel open-ended question on border mental associations and a conjoint experiment among 4,700 Germans. Results show that people attach very similar meanings to the concept of border, and that securitization frames and joint EU border guards are a first-rank choice leading to lower levels of polarization. Greater agreement is driven by left-leaning respondents shifting toward a more favorable view of border closure in response to such proposals. Building fences and migration-related justifications polarize the most across different subgroups. These results contribute to our understanding of the polarization potential of border policies and have important implications for the freedom-security trade-off.
Toxicological evaluation, postmortem case descriptions, and pharmacological activity of N,N-dimethylpentylone and related analogs
Authors: Fogarty Melissa F , Walton Sara E , Truver Michael T , Glatfelter Grant C , Krotulski Alex J , Papsun Donna M , Lamb Michael , Chronister Chris W , Goldberger Bruce A , Walther Donna , Barba Kristie , Baumann Michael H , Logan Barry K 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Identification of N,N-dimethylpentylone (DMP) in counterfeit “Ecstasy” and “Molly” tablets poses risk to public health due to its adverse effects. Little information is available regarding the pharmacological activity or relevant blood or tissue concentrations of DMP, and even less is known about other structurally related beta-keto methylenedioxyamphetamine analogs on recreational drug markets, such as N-propyl butylone. Here, a novel toxicological assay utilizing liquid chromatography–tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry was developed and validated for the quantitation of DMP and five related synthetic cathinones [eutylone, pentylone, N-ethyl pentylone (NEP), N-propyl butylone, and N-cyclohexyl butylone], with chromatographic resolution from isomeric variants and quantitation performed by standard addition. A forensic series of 125 cases is presented for DMP and related analogs, along with pharmacological activity assessments using monoamine transporter and mouse behavioral assays. The blood concentration range for DMP in postmortem forensic cases was 3.3–4600 ng/mL (mean: 320 ± 570 ng/mL, median: 150 ng/mL), whereas pentylone, the primary N-desmethyl metabolite of DMP, was identified in 98% of cases with a concentration range 1.3–710 ng/mL (mean ± SD: 105 ± 120 ng/mL, median: 71 ng/mL). N-Propyl butylone, a newly identified synthetic cathinone, was quantitated in seven cases (mean ± SD: 82 ± 75 ng/mL, median: 50 ng/mL, range: 1.7–200 ng/mL). DMP displayed potent uptake inhibition at the dopamine transporter [half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 49 nM], with 100-fold weaker potency at the serotonin transporter (IC50 = 4990 nM). DMP was a locomotor stimulant in mice [medium effective dose (ED50) of 3.5 mg/kg] exhibiting potency relatively similar to eutylone, NEP, and pentylone. Our results show that DMP is a psychomotor stimulant associated with adverse clinical outcomes leading to death. Forensic laboratories must continue to update testing methods to capture emerging drugs, with specific emphasis on resolution and identification of isomeric species. Following the scheduling of DMP in early 2024, there could be an anticipated market shift toward a new unregulated synthetic stimulant to replace DMP.
Comprehensive Analysis of the Spectrum of Osteoarticular Infections in Children
Authors: Alhinai Zaid , El Chebib Hassan , Huang Lawrence , Elahi Morvarid , Foo Bill , Sánchez Pablo J , Michelow Ian C 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Studies of pediatric osteoarticular infections (OAIs) mostly focus on acute hematogenous osteomyelitis (AHO) and acute bacterial arthritis (ABA). A comprehensive descriptive analysis of pediatric OAIs, including subacute, chronic, and non-hematogenous types, is lacking.

Methods
A detailed analysis of all pediatric OAIs was undertaken at 2 academic centers, Hasbro Children’s Hospital, Providence, RI, and Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH. Infections were classified as AHO (with or without suppurative arthritis), isolated ABA, subacute or chronic hematogenous osteomyelitis (SCHO), non-hematogenous osteoarticular infection (NHI), or hardware-associated osteoarticular infection (HOI). Clinical, radiological, and laboratory characteristics were compared.

Results
A total of 582 consecutive cases of OAIs were included: 295 AHO (51%), 88 ABA (15%), 76 NHI (13%), 73 HOI (13%), and 50 SCHO (9%). Median age was significantly higher for HOI (14.5 years), NHI (11.8), and SCHO (10.4) than for AHO (9) and ABA (5) (P &lt; .001). Patients with AHO or ABA were more likely (P &lt; .001) to be febrile (each 84%) compared with other groups (45%-56%) and had higher biomarkers of inflammation (white blood cell, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein). A causative organism was identified in 74% of cases, mostly from tissue specimens (78%). Staphylococcus aureus was the most common organism across infection types (34%-55% of cases), while polymicrobial infection was common in NHI (22%) and HOI (21%). Chronic morbidity complicated infections in 89 (15%) patients, the majority of whom (66%) had SCHO, NHI, or HOI.

Conclusions
SCHO, NHI, and HOI accounted for a significant proportion of pediatric OAIs and contributed disproportionately to chronic morbidity.
Acute abdomen caused by a giant lymphangioma cavernous of the small bowel mesentery, mimicking a mass at the vaginal cuff
Authors: Molina Gabriel A , Gonzalez Daniela S , Galarraga Fabricio X , Lasso Dominique A , Cevallos Jessica S , Parrales Diana E , Mera Mishell A , Ochoa-Andrade Miguel J 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Lymphangioma is an unusual lymphatic system malformation that rarely affects adults’ mesentery. Even though it is a benign tumor, its capacity to grow and affect nearby structures can cause severe morbidity and even mortality in specific patients. As symptoms are nonspecific, a highlighted clinical insight is needed to reach a diagnosis. We present a case of a 60-year-old woman who presented with abdominal pain and suffered acute abdomen due to a lymphangioma in the mesentery of the small bowel; after complete resection, the patient achieved full recovery.
Tuning of sulfur flows and sulfur seed metabolism in oilseed rape facing sulfate limited conditions
Authors: D’Hooghe Philippe , Kopriva Stanislav , Avice Jean-Christophe , Trouverie Jacques 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The response of oilseed rape to sulfur (S) restriction usually consists of increasing the components of S utilization efficiency (absorption, assimilation and remobilization) to provide S to seeds. However, source-sink relationships and S management in developing seeds under sulfate restriction are poorly understood. To address this, impacts of sulfate restrictions applied at “visible bud” or “start of pod filling” stages were studied with two genotypes (Aviso, Capitol) showing similar seed yield but higher seed weight and lower number of seeds per plant for Capitol under non-limited conditions. S flows at the whole plant level (using 34S-sulfate labelling) and S metabolism changes (S-compounds, ATP sulfurylase and adenosine 5’phosphosulfate reductase (APR) activities) were followed during seed development. Seed yield, protein quality and accumulation of S metabolites were affected by sulfate restriction less and later in Aviso than in Capitol. This is related to higher S uptake and stronger remobilization of S from vegetative organs to seeds during early seed development in response to sulfate restriction. A higher seed APR activity was observed for Capitol in response to sulfate limitation, suggesting that APR is not limiting for sulfate assimilation and that seed S metabolism is principally devoted to S-amino acids and protein synthesis.
Mobile displacement or displaced mobility?: Using transition theory to challenge migration-displacement binaries and biases
Authors: Easton-Calabria Evan , Sturridge Caitlin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Within the context of increasing conflict- and climate-driven displacement and mobility, many people today neither fit neatly within ascribed labels nor access assistance in just one way. However movement continues to be presented in binaries within academia and by many humanitarian, development, and state actors. Here, we ask: when does displacement constitute mobility and when are mobile people in fact displaced? And, crucially, how do people define themselves in terms of their mobility (if at all)? We present an integrated theoretical framework combining Schlossberg’s transition theory with the characteristics of ‘coping’ versus ‘adapting’ and an exploration of ‘tipping points’. We argue that elements of coping and adapting can be meaningfully employed to differentiate between experiences of mobility or displacement within a larger heuristic of transitions, underscoring the malleability of situations which may in fact quickly ‘tip’ from mobility to displacement, vice versa, and back again. This framework in turn enables deeper exploration of the grey areas or ‘transitions’ between mobility and displacement, and can be used to further understanding of whether, how, and under what circumstances people may transition between voluntary migration and forced displacement. Using two distinct case studies of internally displaced people in Mozambique and pastoralists and semi-pastoralists in Ethiopia, we illustrate the transitions that can and do occur between migration and displacement, in both directions. We posit the importance of understanding mobility through a dynamic framework that prioritizes individual agency and perceptions and seeks to account for the nuanced and sometimes rapidly changing reality of displaced and other mobile people’s lives.