bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Approximate discrete entropy monotonicity for log-concave sums
Authors: Gavalakis Lampros 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIt is proven that a conjecture of Tao (2010) holds true for log-concave random variables on the integers: For every
$n \geq 1$
, if
$X_1,\ldots,X_n$
are i.i.d. integer-valued, log-concave random variables, then
\begin{equation*} H(X_1+\cdots +X_{n+1}) \geq H(X_1+\cdots +X_{n}) + \frac {1}{2}\log {\Bigl (\frac {n+1}{n}\Bigr )} - o(1) \end{equation*}
as
$H(X_1) \to \infty$
, where
$H(X_1)$
denotes the (discrete) Shannon entropy. The problem is reduced to the continuous setting by showing that if
$U_1,\ldots,U_n$
are independent continuous uniforms on
$(0,1)$
, then
\begin{equation*} h(X_1+\cdots +X_n + U_1+\cdots +U_n) = H(X_1+\cdots +X_n) + o(1), \end{equation*}
as
$H(X_1) \to \infty$
, where
$h$
stands for the differential entropy. Explicit bounds for the
$o(1)$
-terms are provided.
Poor sleep is associated with energy drinks consumption among Korean adolescents
Authors: Kim Do Hee , Kim Bomgyeol , Lee Sang Gyu , Kim Tae Hyun 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjective:A growing number of Korean adolescents consume energy drinks, which may increase the risk of obesity, anxiety and insomnia. We examined whether poor sleep was associated with energy drink consumption among study participants.Design:We used a cross-sectional design.Setting:The Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey data from 2019.Participants:To determine the association between sleep and energy drink consumption, we compared the independent variables for 50,455 adolescents in Korea (aged 14–19 years) using multivariate logistic regression and sensitivity analyses.Results:In Korea, 69·5 % adolescents consumed energy drinks, 17·1 % slept for less than 5 h, 22·4 % slept for 5–6 h, 23·8 % slept for 6–7 h, 19·9 % slept for 7–8 h and 16·7 % slept for 8 h or more. Regarding sleep satisfaction, 21·0 % reported sufficient, 32·6 % reported just enough and 46·5 % reported insufficient. Regarding sleep duration, it was found that less than 5 h (OR, 2·36; 95 % CI (2·14, 2·60)) and lower sleep satisfaction (OR, 1·12; 95 % CI (1·03, 1·21)) were highly associated with energy drink consumption, with statistical significance at P < 0·05. Adolescents with lower sleep duration (adjusted OR (aOR), 6·37; 95 % CI (4·72, 8·61)) and a lack of sleep satisfaction (aOR, 1·44; 95 % CI (1·16, 1·78)) reported drinking a high amount of energy drinks, that is, at least once a day.Conclusion:In addition to efforts to decrease the amount of energy drinks consumed, sleep hygiene education needs to be strengthened.
The effects of methylphenidate and atomoxetine on Drosophila brain at single-cell resolution and potential drug repurposing for ADHD treatment
Authors: Qu Susu , Zhou Xiangyu , Wang Zhicheng , Wei Yi , Zhou Han , Zhang Xinshuang , Zhu Qingjie , Wang Yanmin , Yang Quanjun , Jiang Likun , Ma Yuan , Gao Yuan , Kong Lei , Zhang Li 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe stimulant methylphenidate (MPH) and the non-stimulant atomoxetine (ATX) are frequently used for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); however, the function of these drugs in different types of brain cells and their effects on related genes remain largely unknown. To address these questions, we built a pipeline for the simultaneous examination of the activity behavior and transcriptional responses of Drosophila melanogaster at single-cell resolution following drug treatment. We selected the Drosophila with significantly increased locomotor activities (hyperactivity-like behavior) following the administration of each drug in comparison with the control (same food as the drug-treated groups with 5% sucrose, yeast, and blue food dye solution) using EasyFlyTracker. Subsequently, single cell RNA sequencing (scRNASEQ) was used to capture the transcriptome of 82,917 cells, unsupervised clustering analysis of which yielded 28 primary cell clusters representing the major cell types in adult Drosophila brain. Indeed, both neuronal and glial cells responded to MPH and ATX. Further analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) revealed distinct transcriptional changes associated with these two drugs, such as two well-studied dopamine receptor genes (Dop2R and DopEcR) were responsive to MPH but not to ATX at their optimal doses, in addition to genes involved in dopamine metabolism pathways such as Syt1, Sytalpha, Syt7, and Ih in different cell types. More importantly, MPH also suppressed the expression of genes encoding other neurotransmitter receptors and synaptic signaling molecules in many cell types, especially those for Glu and GABA, while the responsive effects of ATX were much weaker. In addition to monoaminergic neuronal transmitters, other neurotransmitters have also shown a similar pattern with respect to a stronger effect associated with MPH than with ATX. Moreover, we identified four distinct glial cell subtypes responsive to the two drugs and detected a greater number of differentially expressed genes associated with ensheathing and astrocyte-like glia. Furthermore, our study provides a rich resource of candidate target genes, supported by drug set enrichment analysis (P = 2.10E-4; hypergeometric test), for the further exploration of drug repurposing. The whole list of candidates can be found at ADHDrug (http://adhdrug.cibr.ac.cn/). In conclusion, we propose a fast and cost-efficient pipeline to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms of ADHD drug treatment in Drosophila brain at single-cell resolution, which may further facilitate drug repurposing applications.
Substantial and increasing global losses of timber-producing forest due to wildfires
Authors: Bousfield Christopher G. , Lindenmayer David. B. , Edwards David P. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractOne-third of global forest is harvested for timber, generating ~US$1.5 trillion annually. High-severity wildfires threaten this timber production. Here we combine global maps of logging activity and stand-replacing wildfires to assess how much timber-producing forest has been lost to wildfire this century, and quantify spatio-temporal changes in annual area lost. Between 2001 and 2021, 18.5–24.7 million hectares of timber-producing forest—an area the size of Great Britain—experienced stand-replacing wildfires, with extensive burning in the western USA and Canada, Siberian Russia, Brazil and Australia. Annual burned area increased significantly throughout the twenty-first century, pointing to substantial wildfire-driven timber losses under increasingly severe climate change. To meet future timber demand, producers must adopt new management strategies and emerging technologies to combat the increasing threat of wildfires.
Dynamics and durability of HIV-1 neutralization are determined by viral replication
Authors: Schommers Philipp , Kim Dae Sung , Schlotz Maike , Kreer Christoph , Eggeling Ralf , Hake Anna , Stecher Melanie , Park Juyeon , Radford Caelan E. , Dingens Adam S. , Ercanoglu Meryem S. , Gruell Henning , Odidika Stanley , Dahlhaus Marten , Gieselmann Lutz , Ahmadov Elvin , Lawong Rene Y. , Heger Eva , Knops Elena , Wyen Christoph , Kümmerle Tim , Römer Katja , Scholten Stefan , Wolf Timo , Stephan Christoph , Suárez Isabelle , Raju Nagarajan , Adhikari Anurag , Esser Stefan , Streeck Hendrik , Duerr Ralf , Nanfack Aubin J. , Zolla-Pazner Susan , Geldmacher Christof , Geisenberger Otto , Kroidl Arne , William Wiston , Maganga Lucas , Ntinginya Nyanda Elias , Georgiev Ivelin S. , Vehreschild Jörg J. , Hoelscher Michael , Fätkenheuer Gerd , Lavinder Jason J. , Bloom Jesse D. , Seaman Michael S. , Lehmann Clara , Pfeifer Nico , Georgiou George , Klein Florian 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) that prevent infection are the main goal of HIV vaccine discovery. But as no nAb-eliciting vaccines are yet available, only data from HIV-1 neutralizers—persons with HIV-1 who naturally develop broad and potent nAbs—can inform about the dynamics and durability of nAb responses in humans, knowledge which is crucial for the design of future HIV-1 vaccine regimens. To address this, we assessed HIV-1-neutralizing immunoglobulin G (IgG) from 2,354 persons with HIV-1 on or off antiretroviral therapy (ART). Infection with non-clade B viruses, CD4+ T cell counts <200 µl−1, being off ART and a longer time off ART were independent predictors of a more potent and broad neutralization. In longitudinal analyses, we found nAb half-lives of 9.3 and 16.9 years in individuals with no- or low-level viremia, respectively, and 4.0 years in persons who newly initiated ART. Finally, in a potent HIV-1 neutralizer, we identified lower fractions of serum nAbs and of nAb-encoding memory B cells after ART initiation, suggesting that a decreasing neutralizing serum activity after antigen withdrawal is due to lower levels of nAbs. These results collectively show that HIV-1-neutralizing responses can persist for several years, even at low antigen levels, suggesting that an HIV-1 vaccine may elicit a durable nAb response.
Viral and host mediators of non-suppressible HIV-1 viremia
Authors: Mohammadi Abbas , Etemad Behzad , Zhang Xin , Li Yijia , Bedwell Gregory J. , Sharaf Radwa , Kittilson Autumn , Melberg Meghan , Crain Charles R. , Traunbauer Anna K. , Wong Colline , Fajnzylber Jesse , Worrall Daniel P. , Rosenthal Alex , Jordan Hannah , Jilg Nikolaus , Kaseke Clarety , Giguel Francoise , Lian Xiaodong , Deo Rinki , Gillespie Elisabeth , Chishti Rida , Abrha Sara , Adams Taylor , Siagian Abigail , Dorazio Dominic , Anderson Peter L. , Deeks Steven G. , Lederman Michael M. , Yawetz Sigal , Kuritzkes Daniel R. , Lichterfeld Mathias D. , Sieg Scott , Tsibris Athe , Carrington Mary , Brumme Zabrina L. , Castillo-Mancilla Jose R. , Engelman Alan N. , Gaiha Gaurav D. , Li Jonathan Z. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractNon-suppressible HIV-1 viremia (NSV) is defined as persistent low-level viremia on antiretroviral therapy (ART) without evidence of ART non-adherence or significant drug resistance. Unraveling the mechanisms behind NSV would broaden our understanding of HIV-1 persistence. Here we analyzed plasma virus sequences in eight ART-treated individuals with NSV (88% male) and show that they are composed of large clones without evidence of viral evolution over time in those with longitudinal samples. We defined proviruses that match plasma HIV-1 RNA sequences as ‘producer proviruses’, and those that did not as ‘non-producer proviruses’. Non-suppressible viremia arose from expanded clones of producer proviruses that were significantly larger than the genome-intact proviral reservoir of ART-suppressed individuals. Integration sites of producer proviruses were enriched in proximity to the activating H3K36me3 epigenetic mark. CD4+ T cells from participants with NSV demonstrated upregulation of anti-apoptotic genes and downregulation of pro-apoptotic and type I/II interferon-related pathways. Furthermore, participants with NSV showed significantly lower HIV-specific CD8+ T cell responses compared with untreated viremic controllers with similar viral loads. We identified potential critical host and viral mediators of NSV that may represent targets to disrupt HIV-1 persistence.
Long-term exposure to high altitude reduces alpha and beta bands event-related desynchronization in a Go/NoGo task
Authors: Hou Jianmin , Wang Cheng , Jia Lei , Ma Hailin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMore than 80 million people worldwide permanently live at high altitudes, and living in such a hypoxic environment can impair cognitive functions. However, it is largely unknown how long-term exposure to high altitude affects neural oscillations underlying these cognitive functions. The present study employed a Go/NoGo task to investigate the effects of long-term exposure to high altitude on neural oscillations during cognitive control. We compared event-related spectral perturbations between the low-altitude and high-altitude groups, and the results revealed increased theta event-related synchronization (ERS) and decreased alpha and beta event-related desynchronizations (ERDs) during the NoGo condition compared to the Go condition. Importantly, the high-altitude group showed reduced alpha and beta ERDs compared to the low-altitude group, while the theta ERS was not affected by altitude. We suggest that long-term exposure to high altitude has an impact on top-down inhibitory control and movement preparation and execution in the Go/NoGo task.
Experimental study on the influence of longitudinal slope on airflow-dust migration behavior after tunnel blasting
Authors: Hu Hui , Tao Yuchun , Zhang Heng , Zhao Yiqi , Lan Youdi , Ge Zhenghui 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this paper, a 1:21 model experiment was conducted to discuss the dust diffusion efficiency and liner trolley obstruction effect inside the tunnel at − 9% to 9%, the effect of different initial dust concentrations on dust diffusion and liner trolley obstruction effect at 6% slope, and the effect of different return air velocity on dust diffusion at 6% slope, the reliability of the results is verified by computational fluid dynamics simulations. The results show that as the slope of the tunnel changes from 0 to − 9%, the average dust diffusion time decreases by 3.7% at the working face and the dust concentration difference between the front and rear of the trolley is improved by 2.7%. When the slope of the tunnel changes from 0 to − 9%, the average dust diffusion time increases by 7.2% at the working face and the dust concentration difference between the front and rear of the trolley is improved by 17.9%. With each 100 mg/m3 increase in the initial dust concentration, the dust diffusion time at the working face and the tunnel exit increases by 9.15% and 8.17% on average, and the lining trolley obstruction time increases by 23.33 s on average. The dust diffusion times take an average reduction rate of 15.7%, with the increase of return air velocity. The recommended return air velocity is greater than 1 m/s for large slope tunnels. When the slope changes from 0° to 9°, the hindrance rate of slope on dust diffusion is 2.88462%, 8.65385%, and 16.34615% respectively. Dust diffusion efficiency will be reduced as the tunnel slope changes from 0° to 9°, The growth rate of slope on dust diffusion is − 0.96154%, − 2.88462%, and − 6.73077% respectively.
Resveratrol improves the prognosis of rats after spinal cord injury by inhibiting mitogen-activated protein kinases signaling pathway
Authors: Kan Shunli , Liu Chengjiang , Zhao Xinyan , Feng Sa , Zhu Haoqiang , Ma Boyuan , Zhou Mengmeng , Fu Xuanhao , Hu Wei , Zhu Rusen 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSpinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious condition that results in irreparable nerve damage and severe loss of motor or sensory function. Resveratrol (3,4′,5-trihy- droxystilbene) is a naturally occurring plant-based polyphenol that has demonstrated powerful antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-carcinogenic pharmaceutical properties in previous studies. In the central nervous system, it promotes neuronal recovery and protects residual function. However, the role of resveratrol in SCI recovery remains elusive. In this study, the potential mechanisms by which resveratrol affect SCI in rats were assessed by constructing a contusion model of SCI. Resveratrol was intraperitoneally administered to rats. Behavioral scores and electrophysiological examinations were performed to assess functional recovery. After magnetic resonance imaging and staining with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and Luxor Fast Blue (LFB), tissue recovery was analyzed. Immunofluorescence with NeuN and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was employed to evaluate neuronal survival and glial changes. TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay was performed to examine apoptotic rates. Moreover, network pharmacology was performed to identify relevant pathways of resveratrol for the treatment of SCI. Lastly, ELISA was performed to detect the expression levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and IL-6. Our findings revealed that resveratrol dramatically improved the hindlimb locomotor function and their electrophysiological outcomes. Notably, lesion size was significantly reduced on magnetic resonance imaging. HE and LFB staining exposed increased sparseness of tissue and myelin. GFAP and NeuN immunofluorescence assays at the lesion site determined that resveratrol boosted neuronal survival and attenuated glial cell overgrowth. In addition, resveratrol reduced the density and number of TUNEL-positive cells in rats after injury. Additionally, gene ontology analysis revealed that the enriched differentially expressed protein was associated with the JNK/p38MAPK (c-jun N-terminal kinase/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase) signaling pathway. Following resveratrol treatment, the expression levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 were decreased. In summary, the administration of resveratrol protects motor function and neuronal survival in rats after SCI. Furthermore, resveratrol exerts an anti-inflammatory effect by blocking the JNK/p38MAPK signaling pathway.
Development of predictive models for lymphedema by using blood tests and therapy data
Authors: Trinh Xuan-Tung , Chien Pham Ngoc , Long Nguyen-Van , Van Anh Le Thi , Giang Nguyen Ngan , Nam Sun-Young , Myung Yujin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLymphedema is a disease that refers to tissue swelling caused by an accumulation of protein-rich fluid that is usually drained through the lymphatic system. Detection of lymphedema is often based on expensive diagnoses such as bioimpedance spectroscopy, shear wave elastography, computed tomography, etc. In current machine learning models for lymphedema prediction, reliance on observable symptoms reported by patients introduces the possibility of errors in patient-input data. Moreover, these symptoms are often absent during the initial stages of lymphedema, creating challenges in its early detection. Identifying lymphedema before these observable symptoms manifest would greatly benefit patients by potentially minimizing the discomfort caused by these symptoms. In this study, we propose to use new data, such as complete blood count, serum, and therapy data, to develop predictive models for lymphedema. This approach aims to compensate for the limitations of using only observable symptoms data. We collected data from 2137 patients, including 356 patients with lymphedema and 1781 patients without lymphedema, with the lymphedema status of each patient confirmed by clinicians. The data for each patient included: (1) a complete blood count (CBC) test, (2) a serum test, and (3) therapy information. We used various machine learning algorithms (i.e. random forest, gradient boosting, decision tree, logistic regression, and artificial neural network) to develop predictive models on the training dataset (i.e. 80% of the data) and evaluated the models on the external validation dataset (i.e. 20% of the data). After selecting the best predictive models, we created a web application to aid medical doctors and clinicians in the rapid screening of lymphedema patients. A dataset of 2137 patients was assembled from Seoul National University Bundang Hospital. Predictive models based on the random forest algorithm exhibited satisfactory performance (balanced accuracy = 87.0 ± 0.7%, sensitivity = 84.3 ± 0.6%, specificity = 89.1 ± 1.5%, precision = 97.4 ± 0.7%, F1 score = 90.4 ± 0.4%, and AUC = 0.931 ± 0.007). We developed a web application to facilitate the swift screening of lymphedema among medical practitioners: https://snubhtxt.shinyapps.io/SNUBH_Lymphedema. Our study introduces a novel tool for the early detection of lymphedema and establishes the foundation for future investigations into predicting different stages of the condition.
A hybrid STAMP-fuzzy DEMATEL-ISM approach for analyzing the factors influencing building collapse accidents in China
Authors: Chen Xue , Qiao Wanguan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTo explore the factors influencing recent construction collapse accidents, this study utilizes a sample of 355 reports on building collapse accidents from 2012 to 2022. The investigation employs the systems-theoretic accident modeling and processes (STAMP) model to retrieve 22 key causal factors of accidents from the physical, operational, managerial, and supervisory layers. Subsequently, an improved decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL)-interpretive structural modeling (ISM) method is used to analyze the relationships and strengths of these influencing factors, providing a comprehensive understanding of the logical connections between the causes of building collapse accidents. The results indicate that the deep-rooted causes of building collapse accidents are primarily lax safety management at the enterprise level and the exchange of interests at the government regulatory level, which in turn affect workers at the operational level and the physical aspects of accidents on-site. Furthermore, integrating the STAMP model and the triangular fuzzy DEMATEL-ISM model overcomes the limitations of the traditional STAMP model, allowing for a more focused identification of key factors.
Scaling of ionic conductance in a fluctuating single-layer nanoporous membrane
Authors: Noh Yechan , Aluru N. R. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSingle-layer membranes have emerged as promising candidates for applications requiring high transport rates due to their low resistance to molecular transport. Owing to their atomically thin structure, these membranes experience significant microscopic fluctuations, emphasizing the need to explore their impact on ion transport processes. In this study, we investigate the effects of membrane fluctuations on the elementary scaling behavior of ion conductance $$G$$
G
as a function of ion concentration $$c_{0}$$

c
0

, represented as $$G = \beta c_{0}^{\alpha }$$

G
=
β

c

0

α

, using molecular dynamics simulations. Our findings reveal that membrane fluctuations not only alter the conductance coefficient $$\beta$$
β
but also the power-law exponent $$\alpha$$
α
. We identify two distinct frequency regimes of membrane fluctuations, GHz-scale and THz-scale fluctuations, and examine their roles in conductance scaling. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the alteration of conductance scaling arises from the non-linearity between ion conductance and membrane shape. This work provides a fundamental understanding of ion transport in fluctuating membranes.