bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment of Acute Kawasaki Disease: Aspirin’s Role in the Febrile Stage Revisited
Authors: Hsieh Kai-Sheng , Weng Ken-Pen , Lin Chu-Chuan , Huang Ta-Cheng , Lee Cheng-Liang , Huang Shih-Ming 
Published: November 2004

Objective. To evaluate the effect of treatment without aspirin in the acute phase of Kawasaki disease (KD) and to determine whether it is necessary to expose children to high- or medium-dose aspirin.Methods. A total of 162 patients who fulfilled the established criteria of acute KD between 1993 and 2003 were included in this retrospective study. All patients were treated with high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG; 2 g/kg) as a single infusion without concomitant aspirin treatment. Low-dose aspirin (3–5 mg/kg per day) was subsequently prescribed when fever subsided. Patients who had defervescence within 3 days after the completion of IVIG treatment were classified as the IVIG-responsive group, and those whose fever persisted for &gt;3 days were classified as the IVIG-nonresponsive group. The 162 patients were divided further into 2 groups: those who were treated with IVIG before illness day 5, and those who were treated after illness day 5. We compared the response rate of IVIG therapy, duration of fever, and incidence of coronary artery abnormalities (CAAs) between these groups.Results. A total of 153 patients were classified into the IVIG-responsive group, and 128 (83.66%) of them had defervescence within 24 hours after completion of IVIG therapy. Nine (5.56%) patients were classified into the IVIG nonresponsive group, and all received additional IVIG (2 g/kg) without aspirin. Six (66.67%) had defervescence within 3 days after additional therapy. Patients in the IVIG-nonresponsive group had a significantly higher incidence of CAAs than those in the IVIG-responsive group (25% vs 2.92%). In the group that was treated before illness day 5 (n = 16), all patients had defervescence within 3 days after IVIG therapy and 13 (81.25%) had defervescence within 24 hours. In the group that was treated after illness day 5 (n = 146), 137 (93.84%) patients had defervescence within 3 days and 115 (78.77%) had defervescence within 24 hours. One (6.67%) patient in the group that was treated before illness day 5 got a new onset of CAAs, as did 5 (3.85%) in the group that was treated after illness day 5. There was no statistically significant difference in the response rate of IVIG therapy, duration of fever, and incidence of CAAs between these 2 groups.Conclusion. The results of our study indicate that the treatment without aspirin in acute stage of KD had no effect on the response rate of IVIG therapy, duration of fever, or incidence of CAAs when children were treated with high-dose (2 g/kg) IVIG as a single infusion, despite treatment before or after day 5 of illness. We conclude that it seems unnecessary to expose children to high- or medium-dose aspirin therapy in acute KD when the available data show no appreciable benefit in preventing the failure of IVIG therapy, formation of CAAs, or shortening the duration of fever.
Targeting the minimum water flow rate using water cascade analysis technique
Authors: Manan Zainuddin Abdul , Tan Yin Ling , Foo Dominic Chwan Yee 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThis work presents the water cascade analysis (WCA) as a new technique to establish the minimum water and wastewater targets for continuous water‐using processes. The WCA is a numerical alternative to the graphical water targeting technique known as the water surplus diagram. The WCA is to the water surplus diagram in water pinch analysis (WPA) as problem table analysis (PTA) is to the grand composite curves in heat pinch analysis. By eliminating the tedious iterative steps of the water surplus diagram, the WCA can quickly yield accurate minimum water targets, pinch point locations, and water allocation targets for a maximum water recovery (MWR) network, thereby offering a key complementary role to the water surplus diagram in the synthesis of water network. As in the case of the water surplus diagram, the WCA is not limited to mass‐transfer–based operations and is applicable to a wide range of water‐using operations. © 2004 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 50: 3169–3183, 2004
Colloidal Synthesis of Luminescent Rhabdophane LaPO4:Ln3+×xH2O (Ln: Ce, Tb, Eu; x ≈ 0.7) Nanocrystals.
Authors: Buissette Valerie , Moreau Melanie , Gacoin Thierry , Boilot Jean‐Pierre , Chane‐Ching Jean‐Yves , Le Mercier Thierry 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Cleavage of Heterocyclic Compounds in Organic Synthesis. Part 2. Use of 5‐Nitroisatine for Synthesis of Various Nitrogenous Heterocycles.
Authors: Hlavac Jan , Soural Miroslav , Hradil Pavel , Frysova Iveta , Slouka Jan 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Novel Route to Enantiopure 2,2′‐Diaryl‐1,1′‐binaphthalenes by Stereoconservative Suzuki Arylation at Positions 2 and 2′+.
Authors: Brath Henrich , Dubovska Margareta , Juricek Michal , Kasak Peter , Putala Martin 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Substituted Se‐Phenyl Selenocarboxylates from Terminal Alkynes.
Authors: Tiecco Marcello , Testaferri Lorenzo , Temperini Andrea , Bagnoli Luana , Marini Francesca , Santi Claudio , Terlizzi Raffaella 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Adverse effects and responsibility of environmental policy: the case of forest fires
Authors: Pazienza Pasquale , Beraldo Sergio 
Published: November 2004

AbstractIt is generally known that forest fires are one of the main factors of environmental degradation. Although a great deal of scientific literature on this issue exists, little progress has been made to help us understand and explain the reasons for their appearance. In this work we highlight how forest fires could also be the result of the adverse effects of environmental policies related to the management of forest fire emergencies. With regard to the area of the Gargano National Park (Southern Italy) and with the use of a panel data technique, we attempt to observe the forest fire phenomenon as related to some of the socio‐economic conditions existing there. We find a significant statistical relationship between the number of forest fires and the unemployment level in the area. This provides evidence to argue that when setting up environmental safeguarding policies it is important to take into consideration the socio‐economic conditions existing in the area, if the probability of adverse effects is to be avoided and a more socially responsible legislative framework is to be established. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Sulindac and its metabolites inhibit invasion of glioblastoma cells via down‐regulation of Akt/PKB and MMP‐2
Authors: Lee Hyung‐Chahn , Park In‐Chul , Park Myung‐Jin , An Sungkwan , Woo Sang‐Hyeok , Jin Hyeon‐Ok , Chung Hee Yong , Lee Su‐Jae , Gwak Ho‐Shin , Hong Young‐Jun , Yoo Doo‐Hyun , Rhee Chang‐Hun , Hong Seok‐Il 
Published: November 2004

AbstractNon‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug (NSAID), sulindac has chemopreventive and anti‐tumorigenic properties, however, the molecular mechanism of this inhibitory action has not been clearly defined. The Akt/protein kinase B, serine/threonine kinase is well known as an important mediator of many cell survival signaling pathways. In the present study, we demonstrate that down‐regulation of Akt is a major effect of anti‐invasiveness property of sulindac and its metabolites in glioblastoma cells. Myristoylated Akt (MyrAkt) transfected U87MG glioblastoma cells showed increase invasiveness, whereas DN‐Akt transfected cells showed decrease invasiveness indicating that Akt potently promoted glioblastoma cell invasion. MMP‐2 promoter and enzyme activity were up‐regulated in Akt kinase activity dependent manner. Sulindac and its metabolites down‐regulated Akt phosphorylation, inhibited MMP‐2 production, and significantly inhibited invasiveness of human glioblastoma cells. In addition, sulindac and LY294002, a selective inhibitor of phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K), synergistically inhibited the invasion of glioblastoma cells. Furthermore, only celecoxib showed Akt phosphorylation reduction and an anti‐invasivness in glioblastoma cells, whereas aspirin, ketoprofen, ketorolac, and naproxen did not. In conclusion, our results provide evidence that down‐regulation of Akt pathway and MMP‐2 may be one of the mechanisms by which sulindac and its metabolites inhibit glioblastoma cell invasion. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Formation of a physiological complex between TRPV2 and RGA protein promotes cell surface expression of TRPV2
Authors: Stokes Alexander J. , Wakano Clay , del Carmen Kimberly A. , Koblan‐Huberson Murielle , Turner Helen 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe transient receptor potential, sub‐family Vanilloid (TRPV)2 cation channel is activated in response to extreme temperature elevations in sensory neurons. However, TRPV2 is widely expressed in tissues with no sensory function, including cells of the immune system. Regulation of GRC, the murine homolog of TRPV2 has been studied in insulinoma cells and myocytes. GRC is activated in response to certain growth factors and neuropeptides, via a mechanism that involves regulated access of the channel to the plasma membrane. This is likely to be an important primary control mechanism for TRPV2 outside the CNS. Here, we report that a regulated trafficking step controls the access of TRPV2 to the cell surface in mast cells. In mast cells, elevations in cytosolic cAMP are sufficient to drive plasma membrane localization of TRPV2. We have previously proposed that the recombinase gene activator protein (RGA), a four‐transmembrane domain, intracellular protein, associates with TRPV2 during the biosynthesis and early trafficking of the channel. We use a polyclonal antibody to RGA to confirm the formation of a physiological complex between RGA and TRPV2. Finally, we show that over‐expression of the RGA protein potentiates the basal surface localization of TRPV2. We propose that trafficking and activation mechanisms intersect for TRPV2, and that cAMP mobilizing stimuli may regulate TRPV2 localization in non‐sensory cells. RGA participates in the control of TRPV2 surface levels, and co‐expression of RGA may be a key component of experimental systems that seek to study TRPV2 physiology. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
On blocking sets of inversive planes
Authors: Kiss György , Marcugini Stefano , Pambianco Fernanda 
Published: November 2004

AbstractLet S be a blocking set in an inversive plane of order q. It was shown by Bruen and Rothschild 1 that |S| ≥ 2q for q ≥ 9. We prove that if q is sufficiently large, C is a fixed natural number and |S = 2q + C, then roughly 2/3 of the circles of the plane meet S in one point and 1/3 of the circles of the plane meet S in four points. The complete classification of minimal blocking sets in inversive planes of order q ≤ 5 and the sizes of some examples of minimal blocking sets in planes of order q ≤ 37 are given. Geometric properties of some of these blocking sets are also studied. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of starch on the thermal kinetics and transmittance properties of lysozyme
Authors: Mohamed Abdellatif A , Rayas‐Duarte Patricia , Kim Sanghoon 
Published: November 2004

AbstractLysozyme is being tested for use as a preservative in the food industry. The interaction between starch and lysozyme will help in recommending starch or starch fractions as carriers for lysozyme. The effect of starch fractions on the folding and unfolding of lysozyme was estimated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), kinetics and transmittance turbidometry. Lysozyme was unfolded (heated to 90 °C) and folded (cooled to 20 °C) five times in the presence of starch fractions. Starch was added at 1 and 2%. Overall, a trend of higher onset temperature (To) values occurred at 2% addition of all starch fractions except amylose. The increase in the number of cycles influenced the effect of starch on lysozyme denaturation. The percentage of lysozyme's ΔH values decreased as a new heating and cooling cycle was performed (ie 74.4% of the ΔH remained from the first cycle). The effect of amylose (AM) and amylopectin (AP) on the kinetics of lysozyme unfolding and folding was found to be different based on the assumption that the peak DSC temperature is the fastest step of the reaction. The unfolding showed higher activation energy (Ea) in the presence of both AM and AP, while the folding was not significantly changed. The turbidity of the solution containing lysozyme and potato starch showed transmittance in between that of lysozyme and starch. Stirring of the blend kept the transmittance unchanged while an increase in the transmittance was noticed when stirring ceased. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Indirect determination of carbohydrates in wort samples and dietetic products by capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Cortacero Ramírez Sonia , Segura Carretero Antonio , Cruces Blanco Carmen , de Castro Miguel Hernáinz Bermúdez , Fernández Gutiérrez Alberto 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe first total separation by electrophoresis of five carbohydrates, sucrose, maltotriose, maltose, glucose and fructose, is described. The basic technique requires 1‐naphthylacetic acid as background electrolyte at pH 12.5, indirect UV detection at 222 nm, with a capillary of 75 µm × 120 cm and a voltage of 25 kV. Linear calibration curves from 50 to 400 mg l−1 with a good correlation coefficient were obtained. The method has been used to determine carbohydrates during the brewing process of a non‐alcoholic beer and also to analyse the carbohydrate content of dietetic fruit juices and chocolate. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Variation in short chain fatty acid and ethanol concentration resulting from the natural fermentation of wheat and barley for inclusion in liquid diets for pigs
Authors: Beal Jane D , Niven Stewart J , Brooks Peter H , Gill Bhupinder P 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFifty‐six samples of wheat and 44 samples of barley were taken, at harvest, from locations across the UK. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and yeasts were enumerated before the samples were ground. Following grinding, triplicate 30‐g samples of each cereal were mixed with sterile distilled water and incubated at 30, 35 or 40 °C. Samples were taken immediately after mixing and at 24‐h intervals for analysis of short‐chain fatty acids (SCFA) and ethanol by isocratic ion‐exclusion liquid chromatography. The number of LAB and yeasts present in samples ranged from 0 to 5.0 (mean 2.25 ± 1.31) and 3.30 to 6.25 (mean 4.96 ± 0.74) log10 colony‐forming units (cfu) ml−1 respectively. At 30 °C the mean concentrations (mmol l−1) of SCFAs and ethanol were, lactic acid 59.6 ± 40.0 (range 0.14–134.9), acetic acid 23.2 ± 11.1 (range 2.9–51.4), butyric acid 17.2 ± 16.8 (range 0.0–62.2) and ethanol 15.0 ± 9.0 (range 4.6–53.7) respectively. After fermentation for 24 h only 9 of 300 fermentations produced more than 75 mmol l−1 lactic acid, which has previously been demonstrated to prevent the growth of Salmonella in liquid pig feed. Fermenting at 35 or 40 °C had no effect on lactic acid concentration but significantly (p < 0.001) increased the concentrations of acetic and butyric acids and ethanol. These results indicate that natural fermentation cannot be relied upon to produce levels of SCFAs that will prevent the proliferation of enteropathogens. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
An eddy current integral formulation on parallel computer systems
Authors: Fresa Raffaele , Rubinacci Guglielmo , Ventre Salvatore 
Published: November 2004

AbstractIn this paper, we show how an eddy current volume integral formulation can be used to analyse complex 3D conducting structures, achieving a substantial benefit from the use of a parallel computer system. To this purpose, the different steps of the numerical algorithms in view of their parallelization are outlined to enlighten the merits and the limitations of the proposed approach. Numerical examples are developed in a parallel environment to show the effectiveness of the method. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Buckling in elastomer/plastic/elastomer 3‐layer films
Authors: Hu Y. , Hiltner A. , Baer E. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractBuckling during recovery of stretched elastomer/plastic/elastomer 3‐layer films was studied using a block copolymer elastomer and polyolefin plastics. An elastic model was developed to describe the critical wavelength, critical compressive strain, and critical compressive stress for buckling without delamination. The predicted linear dependence of critical wavelength on the plastic layer thickness was confirmed, and the modulus ratio between the plastic and the elastomeric layers was extracted. Determination of the critical compressive strain provided an independent calculation of the modulus ratio. Similar modulus ratios were obtained by the two methods. The critical compressive stress in the plastic layer led to reasonable values for the compressive modulus of the stretched plastic layer and the bulk modulus of the elastomeric layers. To test the model further, the modulus ratio was altered by changing the stretch ratio and by varying the plastic layer material. No buckling occurred if the modulus ratio was too small. Polym. Compos. 25:653–661, 2004. © 2004 Society of Plastics Engineers.
The interaction of dibutyl phthalate with 12.6 % N nitrocellulose
Authors: Baker FS , Turner CM , Privett GJ 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe interaction of the plasticiser dibutyl phthalate with 12.6 % N nitrocellulose has been studied using dielectric relaxation. The plasticiser is adsorbed onto the nitrocellulose forming multilayers as more dibutyl phthalate is added, eventually forming a liquid layer of plasticiser.The behaviour found is similar to that observed for the plasticisation of cellulose acetate with dibutyl phthalate and for nitrocellulose plasticised with nitroglycerine (glycerol trintrate). Copyright © British Crown Copyright 2004 Dstl. Published with the permission of the Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Properties of poly(ethylene terephthalate) containing epoxy‐functionalized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane
Authors: Yoon Kwan Han , Polk Malcolm B , Park Jae Hong , Min Byung G , Schiraldi David A 
Published: November 2004

AbstractPoly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) containing epoxy‐functionalized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) was prepared by melt‐mixing and in situ polymerization methods. The melt‐mixed composite showed phase separation while the in situ polymerized composite did not, based on SEM characterization. During melt mixing, the reaction between the epoxy groups of POSS and hydroxyl groups of PET occurred, based on DSC results. DSC results on the in situ polymerization product showed formation of a lower‐melting component compared with PET. The tensile strength and modulus of the melt‐mixed composite fiber decreased compared with those properties of PET, whereas those of the in situ polymerized composite showed slightly higher values than PET despite the relatively small amounts (1 wt%) of POSS used. Dynamic mechanical analysis results showed an increase in storage modulus for the in situ polymerized composite of POSS and PET compared with PET over the temperature range of 40 °C to 140 °C. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Polyethylenimine‐grafted and HSA‐immobilized poly(GMA–MMA) affinity adsorbents for bilirubin removal
Authors: Yakup Arıca M , Yalçın Emine , Bayramoǧlu Gülay 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe epoxy‐group‐containing microspheres from cross‐linked glycidyl methacrylate and methyl methacrylate, poly(GMA–MMA), were prepared by suspension polymerisation. The epoxy groups of the poly(GMA–MMA) microspheres were used for grafting with an anionic polymer polyethylenimine (PEI) to prepare non‐specific affinity adsorbents (poly(GMA–MMA)–PEI) for bilirubin removal. The specificity of the poly(GMA–MMA)–PEI adsorbent to bilirubin was further increased by immobilization of human serum albumin (HSA) via adsorption onto PEI‐grafted poly(GMA–MMA) adsorbent. Various amounts of HSA were immobilized on the poly(GMA–MMA)–PEI adsorbent by changing the medium pH and initial HSA concentration. The maximum HSA content was obtained at 68.3 mg g−1 microspheres. The effects of pH, ionic strength, temperature and initial bilirubin concentration on the adsorption capacity of both adsorbents were investigated in a batch system. Separation of bilirubin from human serum was also investigated in a continuous‐flow system. The bilirubin adsorption on the poly(GMA–MMA)–PEI and poly(GMA–MMA)–PEI–HSA was not well described by the Langmuir model, but obeyed the Freundlich isotherm model. The poly(GMA–MMA)–PEI affinity microspheres are stable when subjected to sanitization with sodium hydroxide after repeated adsorption–desorption cycles. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Particle size and morphology of poly[styrene‐co‐(butyl acrylate)]/nano‐silica composite latex
Authors: Li Hua , You Bo , Gu Guangxin , Wu Limin , Chen Guodong 
Published: November 2004

AbstractNanocomposite latex with nano‐silica of varying particle sizes was prepared via in situ polymerization and investigated by submicron particle size analysis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier‐transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) and Raman spectrometry. It was found that nanocomposite latex exhibited a core–shell structure with nano‐silica particles enwrapped, resulting in an increase in the latex particle size. The smaller the nano‐silica particles, the more were embedded in each latex particle. The increase in the particle size of latex depended not only on the particle size of nano‐silica, but also on the number of nano‐silica particles in each latex particle. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Quantifying adsorption of heparin on a PVC substrate using ATR‐FTIR
Authors: Harada Nikolas S , Oyama Helena T , Bártoli Julio R , Gouvêa Douglas , Cestari Idágene A , Hui Wang S 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe surface modification of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) tubing by heparin was performed to increase its blood compatibility. A solution of benzalkonium heparinate was used in the treatment of two types of plasticized PVC. The modification of the PVC surface was monitored after various treatment conditions, and quantitative results were obtained by using ATR‐FTIR spectroscopy. The treatment times and the PVC type have a strong influence on the observed amount of heparin. A partial removal (20–30 %) of heparin was observed after rinsing the PVC surface with a 0.9 wt% NaCl aqueous solution. The more flexible PVC tubing, having a lower Tg, had a higher concentration of heparin. Final heparin concentrations on the PVC surfaces were found to be in the range 1–17 µg cm−2. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Vertex and edge expansion properties for rapid mixing
Authors: Montenegro Ravi 
Published: November 2004

AbstractWe show a strict hierarchy among various edge and vertex expansion properties of Markov chains. This gives easy proofs of a range of bounds, both classical and new, on chi‐square distance, spectral gap and mixing time. The 2‐gradient is then used to give an isoperimetric proof that a random walk on the grid [k]n mixes in time O*(k2n). © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2005