bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Downstream Passage of Steelhead Kelts through Hydroelectric Dams on the Lower Snake and Columbia Rivers
Authors: Wertheimer Robert H. , Evans Allen F. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractAfter spawning, iteroparous steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss from the Columbia River basin must navigate several hydroelectric dams on their way to the Pacific Ocean. We used radiotelemetry to investigate migration rates, downstream passage routes, and success of adult steelhead kelts migrating past lower Snake River and Columbia River dams during the springs of 2001 and 2002. Seaward‐migrating kelts were collected, radio‐tagged, and volitionally released from the juvenile bypass facilities at Lower Granite Dam (LGR) on the Snake River and at McNary Dam (McN) and John Day Dam (JDD) on the Columbia River. Migration success rates from LGR to the study area exit (8 km east of Portland, Oregon) were poorer during the low‐flow nonspill conditions of 2001 (4.1%) than in the more typical flow year of 2002 (15.6%). Kelts tagged and released at Columbia River dams had substantially higher migration success than those released on the Snake River; 59.6% and 62.3% of the kelts released at McN and 63.6% and 80.0% of those released at JDD were contacted at the study area exit during 2001 and 2002, respectively. Kelt dam passage was predominately via spillways and surface flow routes, and during periods of spill 90.0% or more kelts typically passed via nonturbine routes. Only 47.2% of kelts were guided out of turbine intakes by screen systems during nonspill periods. Turbine passage, the primary alternative route during nonspill periods, may be a substantial source of kelt mortality. The poor migration success rate of Snake River kelts in both 2001 and 2002 suggests that additional management (i.e., kelt reconditioning, transportation, or both) may be warranted to boost iteroparity rates in this population.
Sense of Coherence as a Determinant of Toothbrushing Frequency and Level of Oral Hygiene
Authors: Savolainen Jarno J. , Suominen‐Taipale Anna‐Liisa , Uutela Antti K. , Martelin Tuija P. , Niskanen Mirka C. , Knuuttila Matti L.E. 
Published: June 2005

Background: Antonovsky's salutogenic theory seeks to find general health‐promoting factors in individuals as distinct from characteristics that function as risks for specific diseases. A central construct of the theory is sense of coherence (SOC). Individuals with a strong SOC have the ability to define events as less stressful (because of comprehensibility); to mobilize resources to deal with encountered stressors (manageability); and to possess the motivation, desire, and commitment to cope (meaningfulness). Our aim is to investigate whether SOC, self‐reported toothbrushing frequency, and objectively assessed levels of oral hygiene are related.Methods: The sample of the present study consisted of 4,131 30‐ to 64‐year‐old dentate Finns belonging to a large nationally representative sample. The questionnaire and home interview included information about socioeconomic and demographic factors, behavioral variables, such as oral health behaviors (toothbrushing frequency), and a 12‐item SOC scale, used here as a unidimensional measure categorized into quintiles. The level of oral hygiene was measured during clinical oral examination. Chi‐square test, ordinal, and ordinary logistic regression analyses were used.Results: Subjects belonging to the strongest SOC quintile were found to be significantly more often two, or more, times a day brushers compared to those with less strong SOC. After controlling for toothbrushing frequency, sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors, smoking habits, and number of teeth, both strong and moderate levels of SOCs were also found to be related to a good level of oral hygiene compared with moderate and poor levels of oral hygiene. Furthermore, subjects within the weakest SOC quintile were found to have significantly more often than others poor levels of oral hygiene.Conclusions: Our results suggest that a weak sense of coherence increases both the probability of having a poor level of oral hygiene and a frequency of toothbrushing of less than once a day. This and the theory concerning the development of SOC suggest that sense of coherence may be taken as a determinant of both the frequency and the quality of toothbrushing. J Periodontol 2005;76:1006‐1012.
Immediate Functional Loading of Edentulous Maxilla: A 5‐Year Retrospective Study of 388 Titanium Implants
Authors: Degidi Marco , Piattelli Adriano , Felice Pietro , Carinci Francesco 
Published: June 2005

Background: Immediate functional loading is a new surgical‐prosthetic technique that can be used extensively in implant placement. Because of a lack of experimental reports regarding edentulous maxilla, we decided to evaluate the survival rate of immediately loaded dental implants in this area.Methods: Forty‐three patients (44.4% male) with a median age of 55 years receiving 388 implants (mean 9.0 per case) were enrolled in this study. Cross‐arch acrylic provisional restorations were performed in the same stage. Data were analyzed by Kaplan‐Meier product limit estimation. Stratification of implants survival was performed for the available variables of interest, and comparisons were analyzed by a log rank test. Cox algorithm was used for multivariable analysis.Results: At 5‐year follow‐up, the crude survival rate (overall survival not stratified according to any available variable) was 98%. All failures occurred within 6 months from loading. We found differences in survival relating to: 1) implant diameter (99.37% for diameter ≤5.25 mm and 93.75% for diameter >5.25 mm); 2) number of implants (99.29% for ≤10 implants and 96.30% for >10); and 3) gender (97.08% and 99.54% for males and females, respectively). Cox regression analysis showed that diameter of implants adjusted for patient age and gender was associated to an average risk of failure (hazard rate) of 3.13 (P value = 0.042, 95% confidence interval 1.04 to 9.43) per mm (from 3 to 6.5).Conclusions: Immediate functional loading is a reliable surgical‐prosthetic procedure in edentulous maxillae. Implants with wider diameter are associated with a higher risk of failure. J Periodontol 2005;76:1016‐1024.
A Combined Therapeutic Approach to Manage Oral Halitosis: A 3‐Month Prospective Case Series
Authors: Roldán Silvia , Herrera David , O'Connor Ana , González Itziar , Sanz Mariano 
Published: June 2005

Background: Clinical research assessing different therapeutic protocols aimed at treating oral halitosis is scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a combined mechanical and pharmacological approach to treat oral halitosis on clinical and microbiological outcomes on patients followed for 3 months.Methods: Nineteen subjects with oral malodor participated. At baseline, all subjects completed a questionnaire and carried out an examination including full‐mouth organoleptic and volatile sulfur compound (VSC) levels and the Winkel tongue coating index. Standard periodontal outcome variables were assessed at six teeth. Standardized microbiological samples of subgingival plaque, unstimulated saliva, and tongue coating were obtained for culture analysis. The treatment protocol included supragingival prophylaxis; instructions in oral hygiene (toothbrushing, interproximal cleaning, and tongue scraping); and gargling with a mouthrinse containing chlorhexidine, cetylpiridinium chloride, and zinc lactate. The same outcome variables were registered 1 and 3 months after baseline.Results: Statistically significant reductions in organoleptic scores ( P<0.001), VSC levels ( P<0.05), and tongue coating index (P<0.05) were observed after 1 and 3 months. Mean probing depth and plaque levels also demonstrated significant reductions after 3 months ( P<0.05). Total anaerobic counts were significantly reduced at all three locations after 1 month ( P<0.05), and in samples from tongue coating and subgingival plaque at 3 months ( P<0.05). Aerobic counts were significantly reduced in saliva at 1 month (P<0.05), and the anaerobic/aerobic ratio significantly increased in the tongue samples. Among the selected pathogens evaluated, Porphyromonas gingivaliswas the most affected of the three microflora evaluated.Conclusions: The evaluated therapeutic approach demonstrated its efficacy in the management of oral halitosis, demonstrating statistically significant improvements in both organoleptic and VSC values at 1 and 3 months. The proposed clinical protocol significantly affected the microbial composition in tongue coating, saliva, and subgingival microflora. J Periodontol 2005; 76:1025‐1033.
Evaluation of the Safety and Efficacy of Periodontal Applications of a Living Tissue‐Engineered Human Fibroblast‐Derived Dermal Substitute. I. Comparison to the Gingival Autograft: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study
Authors: McGuire Michael K. , Nunn Martha E. 
Published: June 2005

Background: Periodontists have found the gingival autograft to be an effective and predictable technique to increase the amount of attached gingiva around teeth, but this technique requires the surgeon to harvest donor tissue from a remote surgical site. The present study seeks to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of a tissue‐engineered skin equivalent, a living human fibroblast‐derived dermal substitute (HF‐DDS), compared to a gingival autograft (GA) consisting of donor tissue harvested from the patient's palate in a procedure designed to increase the amount of keratinized tissue around teeth that do not require root coverage.Methods: Twenty‐five patients with insufficient attached gingiva associated with at least two teeth in contralateral quadrants of the same jaw were treated. One tooth in each patient was randomized to receive either a GA (control) or a HF‐DDS graft (test). Clinical parameters measured at baseline and 3, 5, 7, 9, and 12 months included recession, clinical attachment level, keratinized tissue height, and plaque index. Probing depth was measured at 7, 9, and 12 months. Inflammation of each site was scored and texture and color of the grafted tissue were compared to the surrounding tissue. Resistance to muscle pull was evaluated and a questionnaire was used to determine patient preference. Surgical position of the graft and alveolar bone level were recorded at the surgical visit and patients were evaluated weekly for the first 4 weeks at which time recession and level of oral hygiene were measured. Biopsies and persistence studies were performed on a subset of the patients.Results: Results for both test and control groups were similar for all measured clinical parameters with the exception of amount of keratinized tissue and percent shrinkage of keratinized tissue. The control group exhibited an average of 1.0 to 1.2 mm more keratinized tissue over time than the test group (P <0.001) and the control group had about half as much shrinkage as the test group over time (P <0.001). Test sites demonstrated significantly better color match over time compared to control sites. Similarly, tissue texture for test sites was significantly better than control sites over time.Conclusions: Based on the results of this investigation, the tissue engineered HF‐DDS graft was safe and capable of generating keratinized tissue without the morbidity and potential clinical difficulties associated with donor site surgery. The GA generated more keratinized tissue and shrank less than the HF‐DDS graft, but the test graft generated tissue that appeared more natural. J Periodontol 2005;76:867‐880.
Platelet‐Rich Plasma Combined With a Porous Hydroxyapatite Graft for the Treatment of Intrabony Periodontal Defects in Humans: A Comparative Controlled Clinical Study
Authors: Okuda Kazuhiro , Tai Hideaki , Tanabe Kiyoshi , Suzuki Hironobu , Sato Tadashi , Kawase Tomoyuki , Saito Yoshinori , Wolff Larry F. , Yoshiex Hiromasa 
Published: June 2005

Background: The aim of the present controlled clinical study was to compare platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) combined with a biodegradable ceramic, porous hydroxyapatite (HA) with a mixture of HA and saline in the treatment of human intrabony defects.Methods: Seventy interproximal intrabony osseous defects in 70 healthy, non‐smoking subjects diagnosed with chronic periodontitis were included in this study. Thirty‐five subjects each were randomly assigned to either the test group (PRP and HA) or control group (HA with saline). Clinical and radiographic measurements were determined at baseline and the 12‐month evaluation.Results: When compared to baseline, the 12‐month results indicated that, while both treatment modalities resulted in significant changes in all clinical parameters (gingival index, bleeding on probing, probing depth, clinical attachment level, and intrabony defect fill; P <0.001), the test group exhibited statistically significant changes compared to the control sites in probing depth reduction: 4.7 ± 1.6 mm versus 3.7 ± 2.0 mm (P <0.05); clinical attachment gain: 3.4 ± 1.7 mm versus 2.0 ± 1.2 mm (P <0.001); and vertical relative attachment gain: 70.3% ± 23.4% versus 45.5% ± 29.4% (P <0.001).Conclusion: Treatment with a combination of PRP and HA compared to HA with saline led to a significantly more favorable clinical improvement in intrabony periodontal defects. J Periodontol 2005;76:890‐898.
The Influence of Anatomical Features on the Outcome of Gingival Recessions Treated With Coronally Advanced Flap and Enamel Matrix Derivative: A 1‐Year Prospective Study
Authors: Berlucchi Ignazio , Francetti Luca , Fabbro Massimo Del , Basso Matteo , Weinstein Roberto L. 
Published: June 2005

Background: Coronally advanced flap (CAF) is one of the most effective treatments of Miller Class I and II recessions. Even if excellent outcomes are reported in the literature, complete root coverage is not always predictable, since many surgical and host‐related factors may affect the percentage of root coverage obtained. The aim of this clinical study was to evaluate if some anatomical features such as tissue thickness, papillae height and width, recession depth, and vestibular bone height may influence defect coverage of Miller Class I and II gingival recessions treated with CAF in combination with enamel matrix derivative (EMD).Methods: Thirty healthy, non‐smoking patients (13 men and 17 women; mean age 32.8 ± 6.2 years) were enrolled. Each patient was treated for one single recession using a CAF with the adjunct of EMD. Clinical parameters at baseline and 6 and 12 months were recorded and compared by using paired Student t test. Data were subdivided in two groups according to the baseline recession depth (REC): REC <4 mm (group 1) and REC ≥4 mm (group 2). The relation between the anatomical parameters (papilla height, papilla width, crestal bone height, and flap thickness) and percent of root coverage was evaluated by multiple linear regression analysis.Results: At 12 months, 91.7% of root coverage was obtained with a mean attachment gain of 3.23 mm. Better results in terms of percentage of root coverage were obtained when the baseline REC was <4 mm compared to defects ≥4 mm (96.5% versus 83.5%). Flap thickness was positively correlated to the percentage of root coverage. For gingival recessions ≥4 mm, 100% root coverage was achieved only when tissue thickness was ≥1 mm. Root coverage percentage was slightly related to papilla width in both groups, while it was associated with papilla height only in group 1 (P = 0.004). Only in patients in group 1 was the height of bone on the vestibular side related to the percentage of root coverage obtained (P = 0.003).Conclusions: The results of the present study suggest that baseline recession depth and flap thickness may influence the outcome of marginal tissue recession therapy with CAF plus EMD at 12 months. There is not a clear relation between root coverage and other anatomical features as papilla width, papilla height, and the amount of bone on the vestibular side. J Periodontol 2005;76:899‐907.
Healing of Dehiscence Defects Following Root Surface Demineralization With Tetracycline: A Histologic Study in Monkeys
Authors: Nagata Maria J.H. , Bosco Alvaro F. , Leite Cristiane M. , Melo Luiz G.N. , Sundefeld Maria L.M.M. 
Published: June 2005

Background: The purpose of this study was to histologically evaluate the healing of experimental dehiscence defects after surface demineralization with tetracycline hydrochloride.Methods: Six adult male monkeys (Cebus apella) were used in this study. Dehiscence defects were surgically created on the buccal aspect of the mandibular lateral incisors in all animals. The root surfaces were debrided and planed. In a split‐mouth design, a 10% tetracycline hydrochloride solution was applied to one tooth for 4 minutes (T group), followed by irrigation with saline. The contralateral tooth served as a control (C group). The flaps were repositioned and sutured. The animals were sacrificed at 6 months postoperatively and histological sections were processed. Computer‐assisted histomorphometric analysis was used to evaluate the formation of new cementum, new bone, new connective tissue attachment, and length of the epithelium (junctional and sulcular).Results: Bone regeneration was similar in both groups (1.5 ± 0.3 mm for the T group and 1.5 ± 0.6 mm for the C group). The C group showed more new cementum than the T group (2.3 ± 0.3 mm versus 2.2 ± 0.3 mm) as well as a longer epithelium (1.0 ± 0.3 mm versus 0.9 ± 0.2 mm). The T group presented more new connective tissue attachment (3.1 ± 0.2 mm) than the C group (2.9 ± 0.6 mm). However, no statistically significant differences were detected between the two groups.Conclusions: The amount of new attachment was similar in both groups. Root conditioning with 10% tetracycline solution did not produce any additional new attachment in comparison to the controls. J Periodontol 2005;76:908‐914.
Effect of Cyclosporin A on the Mineral Apposition Rate of Cementum and Dentin in Growing Rats
Authors: Shen E‐Chih , Fu Earl , Gau Ching‐Hwa , Hsieh Yao‐Dung , Chiang Cheng‐Yang 
Published: June 2005

Background: Since there is no direct information to verify whether cyclosporin A (CsA) can affect the mineralization of dental hard tissue, the formation of dentin and cementum in growing rats was recorded by labeling the mineral phase of these tissues with fluorochrome marker in this study.Methods: After the extraction of the right maxillary molars, 30 male 3‐week‐old Sprague‐Dawley rats were assigned to two groups. Following a 2‐week healing period, the experimental rats received 30 mg/kg CsA daily for 7 weeks, while the control rats received only mineral oil. The fluorescent markers, calcein and alizarin red, were given on alternate weeks for 7 weeks. At the end of study, the mandibles were obtained and undemineralized sections were processed. Serial sections, 8 µm thick, were cut for the entire distal roots of the first molars. Five central sections were selected to determine the mineral apposition of cellular cementum and dentin at the apex and middle of root, respectively.Results: The apposition rates of apical cellular cementum were significantly influenced by CsA therapy, occlusal function, and observation duration. However, the dentin apposition rates were significantly influenced by the observation intervals only.Conclusions: In this study, CsA therapy and occlusal function significantly influenced the apposition rates of apical cementum, but not the rates of mid‐root dentin. Our hypothesis that CsA can induce oral hard tissue alterations, as well as gingival overgrowth, is demonstrated. J Periodontol 2005;76:936‐940.
Impaired Degradation of Matrix Collagen in Human Gingival Fibroblasts by the Antiepileptic Drug Phenytoin
Authors: Kato Takahiro , Okahashi Nobuo , Kawai Shinji , Kato Takafumi , Inaba Hiroaki , Morisaki Ichijiro , Amano Atsuo 
Published: June 2005

Background: Gingival overgrowth (GO) is a serious adverse effect associated with the administration of phenytoin (PHT), with PHT‐induced GO characterized by a massive accumulation of extracellular matrix components, especially collagen, in gingival connective tissues. However, the etiology of such collagen accumulation is still largely unknown. We examined the effects of PHT on the collagen degradation process leading to collagen accumulation in human gingival fibroblasts (HGF).Methods: HGFs were cultured with various concentrations of PHT and viable cell numbers and collagen amounts were determined. Gene and protein expressions of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) and tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMP) were quantified with reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) analyses and Western blotting, respectively. Cellular endocytosis of collagen was assayed using flow‐cytometric analysis. The effects of PHT on extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and inhibitor κB‐α (IκB‐α) were assayed.Results: The proliferation of HGFs was not affected by PHT, whereas it significantly increased collagen accumulation. Further, the expressions of MMP‐1, ‐2, and ‐3 were markedly suppressed by PHT, whereas that of TIMP‐1 was induced in a dose‐ and timedependent manner. PHT also markedly prevented collagen endocytosis by HGFs, which was associated with the suppression of α2β1‐integrin expression. In addition, the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and IκB‐α degradation were suppressed by PHT.Conclusions: These results suggest that PHT causes an impaired degradation of collagen by suppression of enzymatic degradation with MMPs/TIMP‐1 and α2β1‐integrin‐mediated endocytosis. Those alterations are likely mediated through the cellular signaling pathways of ERK1/2 and nuclear factor κB. These synergistic effects may cause collagen accumulation, leading to GO. J Periodontol 2005;76:941‐950.
Aberrant Neutrophil Reactions in Periodontitis
Authors: Figueredo C.M.S. , Fischer R.G. , Gustafsson A. 
Published: June 2005

Background: The aim of this study was to compare the activity of neutrophilic granulocytes in patients with severe periodontitis and patients with gingivitis alone.Methods: The study population comprised 22 patients with gingivitis and 44 with periodontitis. Samples of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) were collected from untreated patients with gingivitis and from shallow and deep pockets in untreated patients with periodontitis. GCF samples were analyzed for lactoferrin, elastase, matrix metalloproteinase‐8 and ‐9, and collagenolytic activity.Results: The free elastase activity and the neutrophil activity, estimated as the ratio between elastase and lactoferrin, were significantly higher in the samples from the periodontitis patients. These differences were also observed in shallow pockets in periodontitis patients compared to similar pockets in patients with gingivitis.Conclusion: This study shows higher levels of free elastase in untreated patients with periodontitis, relative to inflammation‐matched controls, which may explain the tissue destruction seen in periodontitis. J Periodontol 2005;76:951‐955.