bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgical complications of chronic subdural haematoma: A 5‐year audit
Authors: Leung Gilberto Ka‐Kit , Fan Joe King‐Man , Tam Mark Chi‐Hang , Fan Yiu‐Wah 
Published: March 2003

Objective: To review the outcome of surgical treatment for chronic subdural haematoma (CSDH) at a local neurosurgical centre, with emphasis on major treatment‐related complications.Method: A total of 108 patients received operations for chronic subdural haematoma at the University of Hong Kong Medical Centre between January 1995 and December 1999. Medical records and imaging studies were studied retrospectively. Patients’ clinical features and treatment modalities were analysed and major postoperative complications, including mortality, haematoma recurrence, infection and epileptic seizure, were studied.Results: All 108 patients underwent burr hole craniostomy for the drainage of CSDH; one patient also underwent formal craniotomy. Recurrence occurred in six (5.5%) patients, seizure in two (1.8%) and intracranial infection in one (0.9%). There were four deaths, giving rise to a mortality of 3.7%. All four patients who died were elderly and had presented in an unconscious state and died subsequently of chest infection after surgery.Conclusion: Although surgical drainage of CSDH is often considered to be a straightforward, effective and safe procedure, it is not entirely without risks. The surgical outcome of the present series is in accordance with the current standard of neurosurgical care.
Transabdominal vesical sonography of urethral syndrome and stress incontinence
Authors: SUGAYA KIMIO , NISHIJIMA SAORI , ODA MASAMI , OWAN TOMOKO , ASHITOMI KATSUHIRO , MIYAZATO MINORU , MOROZUMI MAKOTO , HATANO TADASHI , OGAWA YOSHIHIDE 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground: Transabdominal ultrasonography was used to study the bladder neck morphology in women with urethral syndrome or stress urinary incontinence, in order to determine the ultrasonographic findings of these conditions.Methods: A total of 210 female patients with a normal bladder, asymptomatic trigonitis, urethral syndrome, and stress incontinence were studied. The mucosal thickness around the bladder neck, the length of the anterior base plate of the bladder, and the anteroposterior vesical wall angle (APVA) at the bladder neck were measured on sagittal transabdominal vesical ultrasonograms with the patient in the supine position.Results: Patients with asymptomatic trigonitis or urethral syndrome had thicker mucosa around the bladder neck than the subjects with a normal bladder, and the subjects with stress incontinence had normal mucosa. The APVA was 158 ± 17 (mean ± SD) degrees in the subjects with a normal bladder. It was smaller in symptomatic patients and decreased to 109 ± 10 degrees in those with conservative therapy‐resistant incontinence. The anterior edge of the vesical base plate was visible approximately 2 cm from the bladder neck in subjects without incontinence, while it tended to be absent in patients with incontinence and an APVA of less than 126 degrees.Conclusion: A small APVA appears to reflect bladder neck descent, while a small APVA without a visible anterior base plate edge may reflect hypotonia of the vesical base plate. Transabdominal vesical ultrasonography with the patient in the supine position provides useful information and can be carried out as a routine examination in female patients with micturition disorders.
Is fencing enough? The short‐term effects of stock exclusion in remnant grassy woodlands in southern NSW
Authors: Spooner Peter , Lunt Ian , Robinson Wayne 
Published: March 2003

Summary Fencing remnant native vegetation has become a widespread activity

for arresting declines in biodiversity in agricultural landscapes. However, few data

are available on the effectiveness of this approach. The present study investigated

the short‐term effects of fencing to exclude livestock on dominant tree and shrub

recruitment, plant species cover, litter and soil characteristics in remnant grassy

woodlands in southern NSW. Vegetation and soil surveys were undertaken at 47 sites

fenced by Greening Australia (NSW) for 2–4 years. Fenced and unfenced areas

at each site were compared using split‐plot sampling. Woodlands sampled were dominated

by Yellow Box/Blakely’s Red Gum (Eucalyptus melliodora/Eucalyptus blakelyi),

Grey Box (Eucalyptus microcarpa) or White Cypress‐pine (Callitris glaucophylla). Significantly higher numbers of tree recruits were found in the fenced sites, with tree recruitment found in 59% of fenced sites compared with 13% of unfenced sites. Fenced sites also had significantly greater cover of native perennial grasses, less cover of exotic annual species and less soil surface compaction. However, outcomes varied among woodland ecosystems and individual sites. Where tree recruitment occurred, there was significantly more tree recruitment where there was greater perennial grass cover and less regeneration where exotic annual grass cover or overstorey crown cover was dense. Few shrubs recruited in fenced or unfenced areas, reflecting the lack of mature shrubs in most sites. Fencing is an important first step for conserving threatened grassy woodlands, but more active management may be needed to enhance woodland recovery, particularly in sites where few or no recruits were found.Key words bush regeneration, fencing, grazing exclusion, rehabilitation, woodland

restoration.
Indocyanine green angiographic features of varix of the vortex vein ampulla
Authors: Kang H K , Beaumont Paul E , Chang Andrew A 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACTVarix of the vortext vein ampulla is a rare, benign, asymptomatic condition, which may be confused with a choroidal naevus or melanoma. A 28‐year‐old man was referred to a tertiary retinal practice with a diagnosis of choroidal naevus. The lesion was an elevated choroidal mass in the superonasal peripheral retina measuring 2 by 1 disc diameters. It was dark red to burgundy in colour and disappeared under digital pressure applied to the globe. The methods used in diagnosis were colour fundus photography, fluorescein angiography and indocyanine green angiography using a scanning laser ophthalmoscope. On fluorescein angiography the lesion was initially hypofluorescent, becoming isofluorescent 25 s after dye injection. Indocyanine green angiography demonstrated the lesion to be two separate dilatations of the vortex vein ampullae. The dilatations collapsed when pressure was applied to the globe. A choroidal mass that collapses under pressure applied to the globe should suggest a varix of the vortex vein ampulla. Indocyanine green angiography is useful in demonstrating the outline of the varix of the vortex vein ampulla.
Safety and efficacy of intravitreal triamcinolone for cystoid macular oedema in uveitis
Authors: Young Stephanie , Larkin Genevieve , Branley Michael , Lightman Susan 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT Purpose: To report the safety and efficacy of intravitreal triamcinolone in the treatment of inflammatory cystoid macular oedema (CMO) in six patients who were resistant to other forms of therapy. Methods: An open‐label unmasked prospective non‐ randomized pilot study of six patients with idiopathic uveitis and visually significant macular oedema, resistant to periocular and/or systemic corticosteroid treatment, was carried out. Baseline examination and investigations were performed, including fundus fluorescein angiography, and the patients were given a single intravitreal injection of triamcinolone (4 mg/0.1 mL). The primary outcome measure was angiographic resolution of CMO. Patients were reviewed at intervals of 2–4 weeks for 12 months. Results: A single intravitreal injection of triamcinolone induced clinical and angiographic resolution of inflammatory macular oedema in all patients for varying periods of time up to 6 months. Five patients experienced increased intraocular pressure to 30 mmHg or greater which required treatment. Two patients developed posterior subcapsular cataract. Conclusion: One injection of intravitreal triamcinolone was an effective short‐term treatment for resistant CMO in uveitis. As with steroids given by other routes, raised intraocular pressure and cataract may occur. As it was so effective in these eyes with resistant CMO, a larger study is warranted to evaluate this form of therapy.
A pilot study of in vivo venous pressures in the pig retinal circulation
Authors: Westlake William H , Morgan William H , Yu Dao‐Yi 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACTRetinal venous pressure was examined in six pigs using a balanced servo‐nulling micropuncture technique. The mean transmural venous pressure was 0.95 mmHg (SD 1.50 mmHg). The transmural venous pressure was lower at the optic disc than away from the disc (0.32 ± 1.46 mmHg vs 1.69 ± 1.19 mmHg, P < 0.01). At the disc a transmural pressure of zero or less (0 to –0.5 mmHg) was demonstrated in 10/21 (48%) of the disc readings. Over an intraocular pressure range of 15–26 mmHg there was a strong correlation between intraocular pressure and retinal venous pressure (Pearson coefficient r = 0.92). The results are compatible with the Starling resistor theory of venous outflow from the eye.
Antimicrobial peptides: a potential role in ocular therapy
Authors: Aliwarga Yulina , Hume Emma BH , Lan Jenny , Willcox Mark DP 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACTBacterial pathogens are often involved in contact lens‐related adverse responses. This study aimed to find antimicrobial peptides and proteins that effectively eradicate or inhibit ocular bacteria. The antimicrobials were screened against Gram‐ negative and Gram‐positive bacteria originating from ocular sources. The viability of these ocular bacteria was measured after exposure to the peptides and proteins. Two conditions were used to grow bacteria, low nutrient phosphate‐buffered saline and high nutrient tryptone soya broth. Samples were taken at different times up to 48 h. In low nutrient conditions, protamine was found to be the most effective against all strains. Melittin was very effective against all strains except Serratia and one Pseudomonas isolate which were partially affected. In high nutrient condition, only melittin was effective in killing Staphylococcus aureus. Protamine and the combination of protamine and melittin had the greatest effect in eradicating the bacteria tested in low nutrient condition. Protamine alone and its combination with melittin may have potential therapeutic agents for ocular infections in an era of emerging antibiotic resistance.
Eccrine poroma of the eyelid
Authors: Vu Phung P , Whitehead Kevin J , Sullivan Timothy J 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACTA clinicopathological case report of a 71‐year‐old Caucasoid man with an unusual right lower eyelid lesion, which proved to be an eccrine poroma, is presented. Benign eccrine poromas have not previously been reported to occur on the eyelid. Complete surgical excision of this lesion proved to be curative, with no recurrence after 3 years follow up. Eccrine poromas are common benign tumours of the intraepidermal sweat duct unit. Sweat glands occur commonly on the eyelids and eccrine poroma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of eyelid tumours.
Neuro‐ophthalmological manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus in Asian patients
Authors: Teoh Stephen CB , Yap Eng‐Yiat , Au Eong Kah‐Guan 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT Purpose: To report eight patients with diagnosed systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who presented with a variety of neuro‐ophthalmological complications and outcomes. Methods: A review of the follow up, subsequent management and outcomes of the neuro‐ophthalmological complications of eight patients with SLE. Results: The patients presented with a myriad of symptoms of varying severities. The most common manifestations were that of optic neuropathy and eye movement abnormalities. The outcome was variable ranging from complete recovery to optic atrophy with navigational visual acuity. Treatment was often empirical, although early treatment with corticosteroids has been tried with varying success. Conclusions: The pathophysiology in the neuro‐ ophthalmological manifestations of SLE is thought be due to vaso‐occlusive disease of the small vessels of the nerve and brain, secondary to an autoimmune process. Ophthalmologists may need to consider the diagnosis of SLE in young women who present with a recent onset of neuro‐ophthalmological symptoms and signs.
Lack of effect of gender on retinopathy in the mouse
Authors: Higgins Rosemary D , Yan Yun , Tadesse Misrak , Yossuck Panitan 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT Background: The reported effect of gender on retinopathy of prematurity has been controversial. The goal of this study was to determine the effect of gender on oxygen‐induced retinopathy in a mouse model. Methods: Oxygen‐induced retinopathy was produced in C57BL6 mice by exposure to 75% oxygen from postnatal day (P) 7 for 5 days. Animals were returned to room air on P12 and killed on P17–21. Gender was determined by inspection. Retinopathy was evaluated by a retinopathy scoring system and by quantification of extraretinal neovascular nuclei on retinal sections. Results: Both males and females developed similar degrees of retinopathy. Males had a median total retinopathy score of 9 (25th, 75th quartile: 8, 11) and females had score of 9 (25th, 75th quartile: 7,10). Retinal subscores of blood vessel growth, blood vessel tufts, extraretinal neovascularization, haemorrhage and blood vessel tortuosity were similar in both groups. Males and females had a similar number of neovascular nuclei on retinal sections. Conclusions: Gender does not alter the development of oxygen‐induced retinopathy in the C57BL6 mouse.
Microsporidial keratoconjunctivitis after HAART
Authors: Gajdatsy Adam D , Tay‐Kearney Mei‐Ling 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACTA 44‐year‐old man presented with bilateral punctate corneal epitheliopathy complaining of worsening discomfort and photophobia over the previous several days. He was HIV positive, had a recent CD4 count of 4 × 106, and had started on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) 14 days prior. Failure to respond to lubricant therapy with worsening of the epitheliopathy over the following week led to corneal biopsy and diagnosis of corneal microsporidiosis. Investigations revealed that he remained anergic and that his CD4 count had not changed. However, his viral load had decreased by at least 0.9 log10 units since HAART initiation. Therapy with albendazole led to complete resolution of his pre‐existing symptoms of nasal congestion and epistaxis, as well as all recently occurring ocular signs and symptoms. It was concluded that the microsporidiosis was a pre‐existing opportunistic infection, whose presence was unmasked by a form of immune restoration induced by HAART.
Assessing the sub‐basal nerve plexus of the living healthy human cornea by in vivo confocal microscopy
Authors: Grupcheva Christina N , Wong Tracey , Riley Andrew F , McGhee Charles NJ 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe purpose of the study was to perform quantitative analysis of the sub‐basal epithelial nerve plexus of healthy, living human cornea, using real time in vivo confocal microscopy and the analySIS
software system. The study was based on in vivo confocal
microstructural analysis of 50 eyes of 50 subjects, divided into
two age groups: group 1 (n = 25)
25 ± 5 years of age, and group
2 (n = 25) 70 ± 5 years
of age. All subjects exhibited clinically healthy corneas. The overall
nerve density was 632.35 ± 287.57 µm/mm2 for
group 1 and 582.39 ± 327.13 µm/mm2 for group 2. The mean fibre dia­meter was measured at 0.52 ± 0.23 µm for group 1 and at 0.56 ± 0.27 µm for group 2. Beadings of the nerve fibres were recorded at a density of 213 ± 123/mm for group 1 and 201 ± 192/mm for group 2. Establishing standards for normal nerve density and morphology of the living human cornea at different ages may be beneficial, both in early detection and follow up of various corneal diseases and in post‐surgical management following corneal surgery.
Refractive changes following cataract surgery: the Blue Mountains Eye Study
Authors: Guzowski Magdalena , Rochtchina Elena , Wang Jie Jin , Mitchell Paul 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThis study aimed to assess refractive changes following cataract surgery in subjects attending the Blue Mountains Eye Study baseline examinations in 1992−1994 (3654 residents aged 49+ years), with 2335 (75.1%) survivors re‐examined after 5 years. Participants underwent a standardized subjective refraction. History of cataract surgery was confirmed at examination and lens photograph grading. During follow up, 151 persons had cataract surgery (60 bilateral, 91 unilateral). After exclusions, data from 198 eyes (93 right, 105 left) were analysed. The proportions of eyes achieving postoperative spherical equivalent refraction (SER) −0.25 to +0.25 D, −0.50 to +0.50 D, −0.75 to +0.75 D and −1.00 to +1.00 D, were 32%, 44%, 60% and 74%, respectively. The magnitude and direction of refractive changes following cataract surgery were related to the preoperative refraction. Myopic eyes had a hyperopic shift (mean +2.76 D), hyperopic eyes a myopic shift (mean −1.77 D) and emmetropic eyes recorded little change (mean −0.13 D). Astigmatism (≥1.00 D cylinder) increased slightly postoperatively, from 47% to 56%, mostly ‘against the rule’ but with less oblique astigmatism. These findings indicate satisfactory refractive outcomes following current cataract surgery in a random older population.
Socioeconomic status and incident cataract surgery: the Blue MountainsEye Study
Authors: Younan Christine , Mitchell Paul , Cumming RobertG , Rochtchina Elena 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess whether socioeconomic statusinfluenced the incidence of cataract surgery in a defined populationof older Australians. The Blue Mountains Eye Study examined 3654residents during 1992−1994, then 2334 survivors (75.1%)during 1997−1999. Interviewers collected information onprincipal occupation, which was analysed using Australian Bureauof Statistics categories (stratified into four groups) and the DanielOccupational Prestige Scale. Cataract surgical history was confirmedat both visits from clinical examinations. There were no statisticallysignificant associations for any of the occupational categorieswith the 5‐year incidence of cataract surgery. In summary, this studycould not confirm any major socioeconomic associations with incidentcataract surgery, supporting the view that cataract surgery is largelypatient driven and that its primary incentive is patient benefit.
Traumatic chiasmal syndrome: a series of 19 patients
Authors: Hassan Ahmed , Crompton John L , Sandhu Avninder 
Published: March 2003

Abstract Purpose: To present a clinical series of 19 patients with traumatic chiasmal syndrome. Methods: A retrospective study was performed. This included all patients with traumatic chiasmal syndrome seen in the neuro‐ophthalmology clinic at the Royal Adelaide Hospital between January 1970 and January 2000. Results: Of the 19 study patients, most were young males involved in motor accidents. Two‐thirds had skull fractures. Three‐quarters of patients had a final visual acuity of 6/12 or better in at least one eye. Ten patients had a complete optic nerve palsy. The incidence of diabetes insipidus in this study was 37%. The incidence of cranial nerve lesions, hypopituitarism, carotid cavernous fistula, and other deficits were documented. Magnetic resonance imaging and surgical findings were consistent with known mechanisms of chiasmal injury. Conclusions: Trauma is a rare cause of chiasmal syndrome. Patients with bitemporal field defects should be questioned about prior head injury. In the acute setting, magnetic resonance imaging is the most useful investigation. The treating practitioner should anticipate and treat associated endocrine, ocular motility, and other disorders. Mechanisms of damage to the optic chiasm after trauma include direct tearing, contusion haemorrhage and contusion necrosis. These mechanisms should not be considered mutually exclusive. Unilateral temporal hemianopia with a fellow blind eye is not necessarily the result of chiasmal disruption.
Orbital foreign body misdiagnosed as superior orbital rim fracture
Authors: Chen Celia S , Davis Garry J , Selva Dinesh 
Published: March 2003

AbstractOrbital foreign bodies may be difficult to diagnose clinically andradiologically. In cases where a foreign body is suspected, boththe mechanism of injury and the composition of the offending materialneed to be taken into account. A case is described of an orbitalforeign body misdiagnosed as a superior orbital rim fracture, resultingin persistent ptosis and diplopia, and leading to delayed recoveryfor the patient, a commercial airline pilot.
Branch retinal vein occlusion in Churg−Strauss syndrome
Authors: Rosenthal Gideon , Schneck Marina , Lifshitz Tova 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe case is reported of a 64‐year‐old man who was diagnosed as having Churg−Strauss syndrome associated with branch retinal vein occlusion, without accompanying retinal vasculitis. It was assumed that the blood thrombocytosis caused a hypercoagulable state and thromboembolism leading to the branch retinal vein occlusion.
Neuropeptide Y expression in a mouse model of oxygen‐induced retinopathy
Authors: Yoon Helen Z , Yan Yun , Geng Yixun , Higgins Rosemary D 
Published: March 2003

Abstract Background: Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a potent vaso­constrictor and angiogenic agent that is found in the retina. The goal of this study was to determine the expression of NPY and its receptors, NPY Y1 and NPY Y2, in a mouse model of oxygen‐induced retinopathy. Methods: Retinal NPY, NPY Y1, and NPY Y2 mRNA expression were evaluated using reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction. Neuropeptide Y cellular localization was determined using immunohistochemistry. Results: Retinal NPY mRNA expression was increased by 2.3‐fold from P7 to P12, and 2.8‐fold from P7 to P17 in oxygen‐reared animals. Retinal NPY Y1 was increased 1.9‐fold from P7 to P12 in room‐air‐reared animals. There was no change in NPY Y1 expression following exposure to oxygen. Retinal NPY Y2 expression in oxygen‐reared animals increased by 2.8‐fold from P7 to P12 and by 2.7‐fold from P12 to P17. There was no change in NPY Y2 expression in room‐air‐reared animals. Retinal NPY and NPY Y2 expression increased concomitant with vasoconstriction and neovascularization seen in this model by evaluation of retinal whole mounts. Neuropeptide Y protein was detectable by immunohistochemistry mainly between the inner and outer nuclear layers and increased with hyperoxic exposure at P12 and also increased during the period of relative retinal hypoxia at P17. Conclusions: Retinal NPY and NPY Y2 receptor expression are altered in the development of oxygen‐induced retinopathy of the mouse, during both the hyperoxic vasoconstrictive phase and the period of retinal neovascularization. Alteration in the production of NPY and the NPY Y2 receptor may be avenues for potential modification in the development of retinopathy.
Current trends in the treatment of ocular melanoma by radiotherapy
Authors: Hungerford John L 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study (COMS) has recently confirmed once and for all that it is safe to attempt to preserve an eye with a posterior uveal melanoma by demonstrating no survival advantage of enucleation over plaque radiotherapy. While COMS has been under way, we have set out in London to define the selection criteria for conservative therapy versus enucleation for the various categories of melanoma in terms of size, location within the eye, and presence or absence of retinal detachment. The evolution of this approach has culminated in an overall ocular survival rate of 94% in 597 patients following radiation therapy combined with a mean loss of visual acuity of only 2.4 Snellen lines in the eyes preserved.