bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pulse high-volume haemofiltration for treatment of severe sepsis: effects on hemodynamics and survival
Authors: Ratanarat Ranistha , Brendolan Alessandra , Piccinni Pasquale , Dan Maurizio , Salvatori Gabriella , Ricci Zaccaria , Ronco Claudio 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
Introduction
Severe sepsis is the leading cause of mortality in critically ill patients. Abnormal concentrations of inflammatory mediators appear to be involved in the pathogenesis of sepsis. Based on the humoral theory of sepsis, a potential therapeutic approach involves high-volume haemofiltration (HVHF), which has exhibited beneficial effects in severe sepsis, improving haemodynamics and unselectively removing proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators. However, concerns have been expressed about the feasibility and costs of continuous HVHF. Here we evaluate a new modality, namely pulse HVHF (PHVHF; 24-hour schedule: HVHF 85 ml/kg per hour for 6–8 hours followed by continuous venovenous haemofiltration 35 ml/kg per hour for 16–18 hours).

Method
Fifteen critically ill patients (seven male; mean Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation [APACHE] II score 31.2, mean Simplified Acute Physiology Score [SAPS] II 62, and mean Sequential Organ Failure Assessment 14.2) with severe sepsis underwent daily PHVHF. We measured changes in haemodynamic variables and evaluated the dose of noradrenaline required to maintain mean arterial pressure above 70 mmHg during and after pulse therapy at 6 and 12 hours. PHVHF was performed with 250 ml/min blood flow rate. The bicarbonate-based replacement fluid was used at a 1:1 ratio in simultaneous pre-dilution and post-dilution.

Results
No treatment was prematurely discontinued. Haemodynamics were improved by PHVHF, allowing a significant reduction in noradrenaline dose during and at the end of the PHVHF session; this reduction was maintained at 6 and 12 hours after pulse treatment (P = 0.001). There was also an improvement in systolic blood pressure (P = 0.04). There were no changes in temperature, cardiac index, oxygenation, arterial pH or urine output during the period of observation. The mean daily Kt/V was 1.92. Predicted mortality rates were 72% (based on APACHE II score) and 68% (based on SAPS II score), and the observed 28-day mortality was 47%.

Conclusion
PHVHF is a feasible modality and improves haemodynamics both during and after therapy. It may be a beneficial adjuvant treatment for severe sepsis/septic shock in terms of patient survival, and it represents a compromise between continuous renal replacement therapy and HVHF.
ABL Mutations in Late Chronic Phase Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients With Up-Front Cytogenetic Resistance to Imatinib Are Associated With a Greater Likelihood of Progression to Blast Crisis and Shorter Survival: A Study by the GIMEMA Working Party on Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Soverini Simona , Martinelli Giovanni , Rosti Gianantonio , Bassi Simona , Amabile Marilina , Poerio Angela , Giannini Barbara , Trabacchi Elena , Castagnetti Fausto , Testoni Nicoletta , Luatti Simona , de Vivo Antonio , Cilloni Daniela , Izzo Barbara , Fava Milena , Abruzzese Elisabetta , Alberti Daniele , Pane Fabrizio , Saglio Giuseppe , Baccarani Michele 
Published: May 2005

Purpose Point mutations within the ABL kinase domain of the BCR-ABL gene have been associated with clinical resistance to imatinib mesylate in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients. To shed further light on the frequency, distribution, and prognostic significance of ABL mutations, we retrospectively analyzed a homogeneous cohort of late chronic phase CML patients who showed primary cytogenetic resistance to imatinib. Patients and Methods Using denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (D-HPLC) and sequencing, we screened for ABL mutations in a total of 178 bone marrow and/or peripheral blood samples from 40 late chronic phase CML patients homogeneously treated with imatinib 400 mg/d, who did not reach a major cytogenetic response at 12 months. Results Mutations were found in 19 of 40 patients (48%). Mutations were already detectable by D-HPLC at a median of 3 months from the onset of therapy. The presence of a missense mutation was significantly associated with a greater likelihood of subsequent progression to accelerated phase/blast crisis (P = .0002) and shorter survival (P = .001). Patients carrying mutations falling within the P-loop seemed to have a particularly poor outcome in terms of time to progression (P = .032) and survival (P = .045). Conclusion Our results show that, irrespective of the hematologic response, monitoring for emerging mutations in the first months of therapy may play a role in detecting patients with worse prognosis, for whom a revision of the therapeutic strategy should be considered.
Mid-Life Patterns and the Residential Mobility of Older Men
Authors: Hayward Lynda M. 
Published: May 2005

ABSTRACTThere are numerous ways to better integrate the elderly into communities, many of which are contingent upon whether they will remain in their pre-retirement homes or make a move. Using a life course perspective, this paper establishes that residential history, social and family relations, socio-economic status, and health trajectories measured at mid-life can be associated with moves in later life, either directly, or indirectly through their effect on the mid-life residential trajectory. These relationships are examined with multivariate Cox proportional hazards and Poisson regression models, using data from the Ontario Longitudinal Study of Aging. These findings suggest directions for future research, to aid the development of public policy for the large baby-boom cohorts that are just entering mid-life.
J.D. Webster and B.K. Haight (Eds.). Critical Advances in Reminiscence Work: From Theory to Application. New York: Springer 2002.
Authors: Chaudhury Habib 
Published: May 2005

RÉSUMÉCet ouvrage collectif résume les progrès réalisés depuis quinze ans dans l'étude et la compréhension de la réminiscence, un domaine qui se situe au carrefour de nombreuses disciplines. Le livre comporte cinq sections et vingt chapitres allant de questions conceptuelles à des problèmes d'application. Dans la première section, Hendrix et Haight font le point sur les connaissances actuelles en matière de réminiscence et sur la documentation connexe. La seconde section aborde les questions conceptuelles, tandis que la troisième section étudie le développement et l'aspect socio-culturel de la réminiscence. La section suivante concern la recherche sur la réminiscence appliquée à certaines populations. Les chapitres formant la dernière section traitent de l'application clinique des travaux sur la réminiscence. Cet ouvrage enrichira le champ de la recherche sur la réminiscence et la grande variété d'essais qu'il contient sera très utile aux chercheurs, universitaires, cliniciens et historiens, qui s'intéressent à la réminiscence, à l'autobiographie guidée, à l'histoire orale et aux techniques narratives.
Gender and Marital-History Differences in Emotional and Social Loneliness among Dutch Older Adults
Authors: Dykstra Pearl A. , de Jong Gierveld Jenny 
Published: May 2005

ABSTRACTIn this study, Weiss's (1973) theorizing about the sources ofemotionalandsocial lonelinessis elaborated – with notions about the asymmetric gratifications derived from marriage, about the conflicting loyalties that result from remarriage, and about selection into marriage – in order to reach an understanding of gender differences in loneliness, both in and outside of marriage. First and subsequent marriages are considered, as well as marital disruptions and never marrying. The data (N= 3737) are from the 1992 Dutch survey on older adults' living arrangements and social networks (NESTOR-LSN). Marital-history differences emerge, not only for emotional loneliness, but also (and contrary to Weiss's theoretical conceptualizations) for social loneliness. The marital-history differences in emotional and social loneliness are greater among men than women. For men, the marriage bond appears not only to be more central to emotional well-being than is the case for women but also to play a pivotal role in their involvement with others. Marital history offers the best explanation for differences in emotional loneliness among men, but social embeddedness characteristics also account for differences in emotional loneliness among women. Apparently, whereas men are more likely to find an intimate attachment in marriage, women also find protection from emotional loneliness in other close ties. The marital-history differences in social loneliness are largely mediated by social embeddedness characteristics, partly in different ways for men and women. Involvement in activities outside the home serves as the context for sociability for men, whereas parenthood plays a more important role in women's social engagements.
James M. Humber and Robert F. Almeder (Eds.). Biomedical Ethics Reviews: Care of the Aged. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2003.
Authors: Malloy David C. 
Published: May 2005

RÉSUMÉL'ouvrage collectifCare of the Agedfait partie de l'excellente sérieBiomedical Ethics Reviewspubliée par Humana Press. Cet ouvrage contient huit articles analysant, sous divers angles, le rôle de l'éthique dans la prise en charge des personnes âgées. La toile de fond de l'ouvrage est que, d'ici 2050, les personnes âgées représenteront 20 % de la population mondiale et que la plupart résideront en Occident, ce phénomène s'expliquant par la baisse des taux de natalité et le remarquable allongement de la durée de vie. Il est donc impératif que le système de santé en général, et les soignants qui s'occupent de personnes âgées en particulier, comprennent bien comment prendre en charge cette cohorte. Ces huit articles explorent un large éventail de questions allant des obligations naturelles de la société à la participation de personnes âgées dans la recherche non-thérapeutique. L'ouvrage permettra au lecteur de mieux mesurer la complexité des questions liées à l'augmentation constante du nombre des personnes âgées. Les auteurs de Care of the Aged examinent la perception et la prise en charge des aînés à partir de disciplines très diverses, telles que la philosophie, la médecine, le travail social et le droit. Ils opposent à l'âgisme des arguments percutants et inspirants, et proposent au lecteur des moyens théoriques et pratiques d'améliorer la qualité de vie des personnes âgées.
The impact of welfare reform on marriage and divorce
Authors: Bitler Marianne P. , Gelbach Jonah B. , Hoynes Hilary W. , Zavodny Madeline 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
The goal of the 1996 Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act was to end needy parents’ dependence on governmental benefits, in part by promoting marriage. The prereform welfare system was widely believed to discourage marriage because it provided benefits primarily to single mothers. However, welfare reform may have actually decreased the incentives to be married by giving women greater financial independence via the program’s new emphasis on work. This article uses vital statistics data on marriages and divorces during 1989–2000 to examine the role of welfare reform (state waivers and implementation of Temporary Assistance to Needy Families) and other state-level variables on flows into and out of marriage. The results indicate that welfare reform has led to fewer new divorces and fewer new marriages, although the latter result is sensitive to specification and the choice of data.
Welfare reform and female headship
Authors: Fitzgerald John M. , Ribar David C. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractWhile much of the focus of recent welfare reforms has been on moving recipients from welfare to work, many reforms were also directed at decisions regarding living arrangements, pregnancy, marriage, and cohabitation. This article assesses the impact of welfare reform waivers and Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) programs on women’s decisions to become unmarried heads of families, controlling for confounding influences from local economic and social conditions. We pooled data from the 1990, 1992, 1993, and 1996 panels of the Survey of Income and Program Participation, which span the period when many states began to adopt welfare waivers and to implement TANF, and estimated logit models of the incidence of female headship and state-stratified, Cox proportional hazard models of the rates of entry into and exit from headship. We found little consistent evidence that waivers affected female headship of families.
Gender differences in the marriage and cohabitation income premium*
Authors: Light Audrey 
Published: May 2005

AbstractUsing data from the 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, I identify causal effects of marriage and cohabitation on total family income. My goals are to compare men’s and women’s changes in financial status upon entering unions and to assess the relative contributions of adjustments in own income, income pooling, and changes in family size. Changes in own income that are due to intrahousehold specialization prove to be minor for both men and women relative to the effects of adding another adult’s income to the family total. Women gain roughly 55% in needs-adjusted, total family income, regardless of whether they cohabit or marry, whereas men’s needs-adjusted income levels remain unchanged when men make these same transitions.
A new method for correcting under-estimation of disabled life expectancy and an application to the chinese oldest-old
Authors: Yi Zeng , Danan Gu , Land Kenneth C. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThis article demonstrates that disabled life expectancies that are based on conventional multistate life-table methods are significantly underestimated because of the assumption of no changes in functional status between age x and death. We present a new method to correct the bias and apply it to data from a longitudinal survey of about 9,000 oldest-old Chinese aged 80–105 collected in 1998 and 2000. In our application, the age trajectories of disability (activities of daily living—ADL), status-specific death rates, and the probabilities of transitions between ADL states of the oldest-old were investigated for the first time in a developing country. In this article, we report estimates of bias-corrected disabled and active life expectancies of the Chinese oldest-old and demonstrate patterns of large differences associated with initial status, gender, and advances in ages. Using combined information on ADL disabilities and length of having been bedridden before dying, we analyze gender and age patterns of the extent of morbidity before dying among the oldest-old and their implications for debates on the hypothesis of compression of morbidity.
Family structure and children’s educational outcomes: Blended families, stylized facts, and descriptive regressions
Authors: Ginther Donna K. , Pollak Robert A. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThis article adds to the growing literature describing correlations between children’s educational outcomes and family structure. Popular discussions have focused on the distinction between two-parent families and single-parent families. This article shows that educational outcomes for both types of children in blended families—stepchildren and their half-siblings who are the joint children of both parents—are similar to each other and substantially worse than outcomes for children reared in traditional nuclear families. We conclude that as a description of the data, the crucial distinction is between children reared in traditional nuclear families (i.e., families in which all children are the joint children of both parents) and children reared in other family structures (e.g., single-parent families or blended families). We then turn from “stylized facts” (i.e., simple correlations) that control only for family structure to “descriptive regressions” that control for other variables such as family income. When controls for other variables are introduced, the relationship between family structure and children’s educational outcomes weakens substantially and is often statistically insignificant.
Timing effects and the interpretation of period fertility
Authors: Schoen Robert 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
Low fertility levels and later childbearing in many developed countries have reinvigorated the debate between period and cohort perspectives on fertility and on the meaningfulness of the period total fertility rate (TFR). Here, fertility-timing effects are defined as level changes in period fertility that do not reflect level changes in the completed fertility of cohorts. That definition leads to the average cohort fertility (ACF) as a measure of period fertility adjusted for timing effects. In an influential paper, Bongaarts and Feeney (1998) presented an alternative approach and a different measure, TFR*, to adjust for timing effects. Here, the two measures are compared. In the context of model populations, the ACF performs well, reflecting an average of the fertility of the active cohorts. The Bongaarts-Feeney TFR*, however, is frequently unreliable and can be erratic when there are cycles in period timing. When applied to twentieth-century U.S. experience, the TFR* behaves like a period measure and yields adjustments that are often wide of the mark. The ACF shows the stability associated with cohort measures and quantifies the substantial impact that timing effects had during the “birth dearth” of the 1970s. The period TFR reached a low of 1.74 in 1976, but the ACF never went below 2.06 during the 1970s.
Social Medicine and “Leprosy” in the Peruvian Amazon
Authors: Cueto Marcos 
Published: May 2005

Starting in the early twentieth century, Latin American physicians organized expeditions to study remote rural populations living in their own countries. These expeditions usually aimed to solve scientific mysteries, spread western medicine, protect urban populations from epidemic diseases coming from the countryside and increase the productivity of new areas of economic exploitation. They also produced fascinating knowledge, images and stereotypes on individuals and diseases considered rare in Latin American cities.In this paper I will analyze a similar case: the medical dimension of an effort to “colonize” or modernize the Peruvian Amazon during the 1940s. This region, an expanse of more than 500 square kilometers, was—according to a prominent Peruvian economist—“territorio inculto” scarcely populated by primitive tribes. Economic, nationalistic and political motivations coincided in the term Colonización de la Amazonía used by governmental and international agencies. Its meaning included diverse proposals such as: to encourage the migration of Andean peasants, the implementation of scientific agriculture, the creation of rural schools and military posts, the “civilization” of local natives—a process developed by religious orders in the nineteenth century—and the construction of roads to facilitate access to urban markets.
Thiamine Status in Adult Salmonines in the Great Lakes
Authors: Brown Scott B. , Honeyfield Dale C. , Hnath John G. , Wolgamood Martha , Marcquenski Susan V. , Fitzsimons John D. , Tillitt Donald E. 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
In 1996 and again in 1999, hatchery personnel noted that some Lake Michigan coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch from fall spawning runs on the Platte River weir exhibited abnormal wiggling behavior that was similar to the behavior exhibited by thiamine-deficient Atlantic salmon Salmo salar, from the Baltic Sea. Samples of eggs or gonads, muscle, and liver from salmon and lake trout Salvelinus namaycush exhibiting abnormal behaviors were collected to determine the extent to which the behaviors were related to a thiamine deficiency. We compared these values with those found in normally behaving fish that produced offspring with high embryonic survival. In all adult fish exhibiting abnormal behavior, tissue residues of thiamine were among the lowest observed in the Great Lakes. Where embryonic survival was assessed, abnormal adult behavior was also associated with very high levels of offspring mortality due to early mortality syndrome. While the overall ecological significance remains to be determined, it appears that adult fish also exhibit neurological dysfunction and mortality associated with thiamine deficiency.
Congenitally Missing Teeth in the Israeli Cleft Population
Authors: Aizenbud Dror , Camasuvi Semin , Peled Micha , Brin Ilana 
Published: May 2005

Objective The purpose of the study was to determine the prevalence of congenitally missing teeth in a group of Israeli children with various types of clefts. Design Prevalence of congenitally missing teeth was determined for 179 children with cleft lip, cleft lip and alveolar ridge, cleft lip and palate, and cleft palate. Subgroupings were assessed according to patient sex, origin, cleft type, tooth type, and the side of hypodontia. The diagnosis of congenitally missing teeth (CMT) was based on initial and follow-up panoramic roentgenograms. In case of doubt, occlusal or periapical roentgenograms as well as clinical dental photographs were also used. Setting Data collection was conducted at the Rambam Medical Center, Orthodontic and Craniofacial Unit, Haifa, Israel. Results In the total cleft group, 67.6% of the patients presented with hypodontia, totaling 246 missing teeth. A statistically significant difference was found in the distribution of patients with CMT of Jewish and minority origin according to sex. Cleft lip and palate was the most frequently affected group in which 195 teeth were missing. The most frequently missing tooth among the cleft population was the maxillary incisor. The order of frequency of the other missing teeth was the same as in the normal population. Hypodontia and malformations of permanent teeth were most common on the cleft side. Conclusion The frequency of CMT in the Israeli cleft population studied was higher than in the intact population. This confirms findings in other populations worldwide.
Prescription for Drug Abuse Education Managing the Mood Changers
Authors: Yolles Stanley F. 
Published: May 2005

This article emphasizes the need to prepare youth to make decisions about drug use. To do this it is essential to eliminate hypocrisy about the use of marijuana, to “infuse” the curriculum with drug information and to provide students with realistic learning experiences. It focuses on such things as the way teachers have been charged with the responsibility to teach about drugs without adequate preparation. The author provides the reader with some practical suggestions and solutions to the dilemma. He presents factual background information about the nature of marijuana, the scope of the problem, and the need for immediate action regarding relevant educational programs. The key areas discussed are: 1) understanding the problem, 2) scope of the problem, 3) the need for drug education, 4) education of professional personnel, and 5) alternatives to drug abuse.
A Study of Community Responses to Drug Problems
Authors: Lasch Henry A. , Farris Edward A. 
Published: May 2005

Many programs which are now being developed across the nation are in direct response to community and legislative pressures concerning the abuse of drugs in their jurisdictions. Much of the effort is made toward developing drug education programs for schools, with little regard for total community involvement of adults and youths. Ways must be found to bridge the gap between comprehensive health instruction based on sound principles of curriculum planning and those efforts frequently demonstrated in drug education “crash programs.” A series of workshops held in various regions of a southwestern state may identify logical approaches to bridge this gap. The reactions of workshop participants and the interpretations and impressions of the directors of the programs have provided foundations for developing a total community effort to solve the complex problems related to drugs. The experiences gained from these sessions which have been conducted during the past five years may serve as guidelines for other communities.