bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Organ donation decision-making in ICU patients: from the perspectives of organ coordinators and physicians in China – a qualitative study
Authors: Yang Xi , Chen ChaoQun , Geng Kun , Jia Xuedong , Si FangYing , Lu XiaoJing , Zhang Wan , Du Shuzhang , Zhang Xiaojian , Guo Wenzhi , Yin Zhao 
Published: November 2023

ObjectivesIntensive care unit (ICU) dying patients are the most important source of organ donation. This study explores the reasons affecting organ donation in the Chinese sociocultural context from the perspectives of coordinators and physicians, and further seeks countermeasures to alleviate the shortage of organs.Design and settingSemistructured interviews conducted in a large tertiary hospital in China.Participants and method15 respondents (including 8 organ coordinators and 7 ICU physicians) were interviewed. Participants were invited to describe the factors that influence organ donation and the underlying reasons behind it. Bronfenbrenner’s socioecological system model was used as theoretical support to construct a theoretical model of the factors influencing organ donation. Respondents participated in semistructured qualitative interviews that were audio-recorded and transcribed. The relevant data were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsFour themes that influenced organ donation were identified including the influence of the deceased person’s attributes, immediate family members, surrounding people and the environment, and the social-level factors. In addition, we obtained four strategies from the interviews to improve the organ shortage to ameliorate the current supply–demand imbalance in organ donation. These include multilevel publicity, relevant policy support, increasing other forms of supply and reducing organ demand.ConclusionsFactors affecting organ donation after the death of a Chinese citizen include the personal characteristics of the donor, the decisions of family members such as immediate family members and the indirect influence of surrounding people such as collateral family members, in addition to factors related to the humanistic environment, religious beliefs and social opinion.
Utility of peripheral blood macrophage factor Apo10 and TKTL1 as markers in distinguishing malignant from benign lung nodules: a protocol for a prospective cohort study in Southern China
Authors: Xie Chuanbo , Huang Qiyu , Liu Yuying 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionLung nodules are one of the most prevalent diseases. Medical imaging methods have a high false positive rate for distinguishing malignant nodules from benign nodules. Therefore, developing new technologies with high accuracy for screening malignant nodules is of great importance for lung nodule surveillance. Use of flow cytometry to detect biomarkers in blood macrophages (epitop detect in macrophages/macrophages) has opened a new era for early and noninvasive diagnosis of cancer. This planned study aims to examine whether the peripheral blood macrophage factors Apo10 and TKTL1 accurately distinguish malignant nodules from benign nodules.Methods and analysesWe plan to enrol in this study 3825 participants with lung nodules who will attend their annual physical examination at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center. Apo10 and TKTL1 levels in all patients will be tested at 60 min after their last meal every 6 months during their 3-year follow-up. Biopsy or surgical pathology results will be collected as the gold standard to assess the accuracy of Apo10 and TKTL1 in distinguishing malignant nodules from benign nodules. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and area under the receiving operating characteristic curve will also be evaluated.Ethics and disseminationThe study is approved by the medical ethics committee of Sun Yat-sen University (SL-G2022-005-02). The results of this study will be disseminated in peer-reviewed publications and presentations at international scientific meetings and will also be disseminated to the participants.Trial registration numberChiCTR2300073823; Pre-results.
Association between antibiotics and asthma risk among adults aged over 40 years: a nationally representative retrospective cohort study
Authors: Choi Jiwon , Park Sun Jae , Park Young Jun , Hong Jaeyi , Jeong Seogsong , Chang Jooyoung , Kim Sung Min , Song Jihun , Cho Yoosun , Park Sang Min 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionSeveral studies have reported that exposure to antibiotics can lead to asthma during early childhood. However, the association between antibiotic use and risk of asthma in the adult population remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association between antibiotic use and asthma in adults.MethodsWe used data from the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS)-Health Screening Cohort, which included participants aged ≥40 years who had health screening examination data in 2005–2006. A total of 248 961 participants with a mean age of 55.43 years were enrolled in this retrospective cohort study. To evaluate antibiotic exposure from the NHIS database for 5 years (2002–2006), cumulative usage and multiclass prescriptions were identified, respectively. During the follow-up period (2007–2019), 42 452 patients were diagnosed with asthma. A multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to assess the association between antibiotic use and newly diagnosed asthma.ResultsParticipants with antibiotic use for ≥91 days showed a higher risk of asthma (adjusted HR (aHR) 1.84, 95% CI 1.72 to 1.96) compared with participants who did not use antibiotics (n=38 450), with a duration-dependent association (ptrend<0.001). Furthermore, ≥4 antibiotic class user group had an increased risk of asthma (aHR 1.44, 95% CI 1.39 to 1.49) compared with one class of antibiotic use (n=64 698). Also, one class of antibiotic use had a higher risk of asthma (aHR 1.21, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.26) compared with non-users, and it also showed a duration-dependent relationship in all classes, including 1, 2, 3 and ≥4 class group (ptrend<0.001). The duration-response relationship between antibiotic use and increased risk of asthma remained in our sensitivity analyses with the washout and shifting of the index date.ConclusionsThe duration-response pattern observed in antibiotic use and asthma may suggest the implication of proper antibiotic use and management in adults.
PER2 binding to HSP90 enhances immune response against oral squamous cell carcinoma by inhibiting IKK/NF-κB pathway and PD-L1 expression
Authors: Zhang Zhiwei , Sun Deping , Tang Hong , Ren Jie , Yin Shilin , Yang Kai 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundProgrammed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) contributes to the immune escape of tumor cells and is a critical target for antitumor immunotherapy. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating PD-L1 expression remain unclear, hindering the development of effective therapies. Here we investigate the role and molecular mechanism of the core clock gene Period2 (PER2) in regulating PD-L1 expression and its role in the combination therapy of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).MethodsQuantitative real-time PCR, western blotting or immunohistochemistry to detect expression of PER2 and PD-L1 in OSCC tissues and cells. Overexpression and knockdown of PER2 detects the function of PER2. Bioinformatics, immunoprecipitation, GST pull-down, CHX chase assay and western blot and strip to detect the mechanism of PER2 regulation for PD-L1. A humanized immune reconstitution subcutaneous xenograft mouse model was established to investigate the combination therapy efficacy.ResultsIn OSCC tissues and cells, PER2 expression was reduced and PD-L1 expression was increased, the expression of PER2 was significantly negatively correlated with PD-L1. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that PER2 inhibited PD-L1 expression and enhanced T-cell-mediated OSCC cell killing by suppressing the IKK/NF-κB pathway. Mechanistically, PER2 binds to heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) through the PAS1 domain and reduces the interaction of HSP90 with inhibitors of kappa B kinase (IKKs), promoting the ubiquitination of IKKα/β and p65 nuclear translocation to inhibit IKK/NF-κB pathway, thereby suppressing PD-L1 expression. In humanized immune reconstitution subcutaneous xenograft mouse model, it was demonstrated that PER2 targeting combined with anti-PD-L1 treatment improved the inhibition of OSCC growth by promoting CD8+T-cell infiltration into the tumor.ConclusionsOur findings reveal the role and mechanism of PD-L1 regulation by PER2 and support the potential clinical application of PER2 targeting in combination with anti-PD-L1 in OSCC immunotherapy.
Improved lung cancer clinical outcomes in patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases
Authors: Ghanem Paola , Murray Joseph C , Marrone Kristen A , Scott Susan C , Feliciano Josephine L , Lam Vincent K , Hann Christine L , Ettinger David S , Levy Benjamin P , Forde Patrick M , Shah Ami A , Mecoli Christopher , Brahmer Julie , Cappelli Laura C 
Published: November 2023

PurposeConcomitant autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARD) can add morbidity and complicate treatment decisions for patients with lung cancer. We evaluated the tumour characteristics at diagnosis and clinical outcomes in lung cancer patients with or without ARD.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included 10 963 patients with lung cancer, treated at Johns Hopkins. Clinical data including tumour characteristics and outcomes were extracted from the cancer registry. Data on patients’ history of 20 ARD were extracted from the electronic medical record. Logistic regression was used to compare tumour characteristics between those with and without ARD; Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards models were performed to compare survival outcomes.ResultsARD was present in 3.6% of patients (n=454). The mean age at diagnosis was 69 (SD 10) and 68 (SD 12) in patients with and without ARD (p=0.02). Female sex and smoking history were significantly associated with a history of ARD (OR: 1.75, OR: 1.46, p<0.05). Patients with ARD were more likely to be diagnosed with stage 1 lung cancer (36.8% vs 26.9%, p<0.001) and with smaller tumour size (OR: 0.76, p=0.01), controlling for sex, race and histology. Notably, lung cancer patients with ARD had a significantly prolonged median overall survival (OS) (7.11 years vs 1.7 years, p<0.001), independent of stage.ConclusionPatients with ARD and lung cancer had better OS compared with their counterparts, independent of cancer stage and treatments and were less likely to have advanced stage lung cancer at diagnosis. Additional studies are needed to investigate the differential immunological anti-tumour immune activity and genomic variations in patients with and without ARD.
Figure S1 from Impact on the Volume of Pathology Reports Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic in SEER Cancer Registries
Authors: Chtourou Amina , Sanchez Pamela V. , Golden Todd , Chen Huann-Sheng , Schwartz Stephen M. , Wu Xiao-Cheng , Hernandez Brenda Y. , Harrison Jovanka N. , Penberthy Lynne , Negoita Serban 
Published: November 2023

<p>Figure S1. Pathology report volume in 2020 compared to the volume of COVID-19 cases by geographic region and month.
1Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. COVID Data Tracker. Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services, CDC; 2023, March 27.</p>
Supplementary Table S8 from Exercise Training Reduces the Inflammatory Response and Promotes Intestinal Mucosa-Associated Immunity in Lynch Syndrome
Authors: Deng Nan , Reyes-Uribe Laura , Fahrmann Johannes F. , Thoman Whittney S. , Munsell Mark F. , Dennison Jennifer B. , Murage Eunice , Wu Ranran , Hawk Ernest T. , Thirumurthi Selvi , Lynch Patrick M. , Dieli-Conwright Christina M. , Lazar Alexander J. , Jindal Sonali , Chu Khoi , Chelvanambi Manoj , Basen-Engquist Karen , Li Yisheng , Wargo Jennifer A. , McAllister Florencia , Allison James P. , Sharma Padmanee , Sinha Krishna M. , Hanash Samir , Gilchrist Susan C. , Vilar Eduardo 
Published: November 2023

<p>Supplementary Table 8. Representativeness of Study Participants</p>
Early Clinical Success of MTA-Cooperative PRMT5 Inhibitors for the Treatment of CDKN2A/MTAP-Deleted Cancers
Authors: Mulvaney Kathleen M. 
Published: November 2023

Summary:
CDKN2A encodes the tumor suppressors p16 and p14ARF and is the most common homozygously deleted gene in all human cancers; tumors frequently codelete the nearby gene MTAP, creating a dependency on PRMT5. In this issue of Cancer Discovery, Engstrom and colleagues report an MTA-cooperative PRMT5 methyltransferase inhibitor MRTX1719 that selectively kills CDKN2A/MTAP-codeleted cancers and demonstrates early efficacy in clinical trials for solid tumors harboring the CDKN2A/MTAP codeletion.
See related article by Engstrom et al., p. 2412 (1).
Detailed Assessment of the “I Need Help” Criteria in Patients With Heart Failure: Insights From the HELP-HF Registry
Authors: Pagnesi Matteo , Ghiraldin Daniele , Vizzardi Enrico , Chiarito Mauro , Stolfo Davide , Baldetti Luca , Adamo Marianna , Lombardi Carlo Mario , Inciardi Riccardo Maria , Tomasoni Daniela , Loiacono Ferdinando , Maccallini Marta , Villaschi Alessandro , Gasparini Gaia , Montella Marco , Contessi Stefano , Cocianni Daniele , Perotto Maria , Barone Giuseppe , Sartori Samantha , Davison Beth A. , Merlo Marco , Cappelletti Alberto Maria , Sinagra Gianfranco , Pini Daniela , Metra Marco 
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND:
The “I Need Help” markers have been proposed to identify patients with advanced heart failure (HF). We evaluated the prognostic impact of these markers on clinical outcomes in a real-world, contemporary, multicenter HF population.

METHODS:
We included consecutive patients with HF and at least 1 high-risk “I Need Help” marker from 4 centers. The impact of the cumulative number of “I Need Help” criteria and that of each individual “I Need Help” criterion was evaluated. The primary end point was the composite of all-cause mortality or first HF hospitalization.

RESULTS:

Among 1149 patients enrolled, the majority had 2 (30.9%) or 3 (22.6%) “I Need Help” criteria. A higher cumulative number of “I Need Help” criteria was independently associated with a higher risk of the primary end point (adjusted hazard ratio for each criterion increase, 1.19 [95% CI, 1.11–1.27];
P
<0.001), and patients with >5 criteria had the worst prognosis. Need of inotropes, persistently high New York Heart Association classes III and IV or natriuretic peptides, end-organ dysfunction, >1 HF hospitalization in the last year, persisting fluid overload or escalating diuretics, and low blood pressure were the individual criteria independently associated with a higher risk of the primary end point.

CONCLUSIONS:
In our HF population, a higher number of “I Need Help” criteria was associated with a worse prognosis. The individual criteria with an independent impact on mortality or HF hospitalization were need of inotropes, New York Heart Association class or natriuretic peptides, end-organ dysfunction, multiple HF hospitalizations, persisting edema or escalating diuretics, and low blood pressure.
Variation in the diets of western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) in two ponds: effects of time and coexistence with centrarchid fishes
Authors: Rettig Jessica E. , Surace Margaret , Rose Kyle D. , Baird Andrew J. , Baker Zachary D. , Smith Geoffrey R. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Western mosquitofish, Gambusia affinis, have been introduced around the world, and can affect native fish through competition and predation. The diet of G. affinis may therefore determine the extent of their interactions with native species. We examined stomach contents of G. affinis from two ponds in central Ohio in 2010, 2015, and 2016. In Olde Minnow Pond, we collected diet data before and after the introduction of the native sunfish, Lepomis megalotis, in 2014. We also collected data for G. affinis for the same period in Wood Duck Pond that has contained G. affinis and Lepomis macrochirus for years prior to the study period. The most important prey were zooplankton, especially Chydorus sp. and Alona sp. Aquatic insects, especially chironomid larvae, were often found in stomachs, with their importance varying by year. The relative consumption of zooplankton increased dramatically in G. affinis , especially females, in Olde Minnow Pond from 2010 to 2015 but then dropped in 2016. In addition, the relative consumption of aquatic insects increased in Olde Minnow Pond after the arrival of L. megalotis compared to 2010. In contrast, the diets of G. affinis in Wood Duck Pond remained relatively similar across the study period. Male and female G. affinis in Olde Minnow Pond had different diets, whereas the diets of males and females in Wood Duck Pond were generally similar. In conclusion, the results of this natural experiment provide circumstantial evidence that the arrival of L. megalotis in Olde Minnow Pond affected the diet of G. affinis.
A biotechnological method for silkworm sex regulation
Authors: Shukurlu Yusif , Sharifova Madina 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The aim of this work is to use the biotechnological method of silkworm sex regulation as a breeding method. For this purpose, butterflies were mated immediately after their emergence in a chamber with a constant magnetic field for 4 h. By studying the natural fertilization of the Sheki-2 silkworm in a constant magnetic field, it was possible to change the natural sex ratio of the offspring from 1:1 to 1:3 in favour of males. A direct positive correlation was observed between the magnetic field strength and an increase in the number of males in the offspring, with the maximum number of males observed at a strength of 729.7 kA/m. The developed mathematical model made it possible to calculate the activation coefficient of magnetic fields influencing the cytogenetic process in the silkworm, which was 4.02 × 10−3 kA/m. An attempt was also made to explain the mechanism behind the cytogenetic influence of a constant magnetic field on possible options for obtaining males during the natural fertilization of silkworm females. Implementation of the developed method in the breeding programme will enhance both the quantity and quality of silkworm productivity. This is achieved by increasing silk yield and improvement of the raw materials obtained from the males. If these positive outcomes are consistently observed in other silkworm breeds, this method has the potential to become widely adopted for large-scale breeding of the entire silkworm population in the country.
The Diverse Impacts of El Niño on Northeastern Canada and Greenland Surface Air Temperatures
Authors: Gan Ruyu , Huang Gang , Hu Kaiming 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
El Niño is known to affect Arctic temperature. However, the robustness of the observed relationship between El Niño and Arctic temperature remains debated. Here we reexamine the impacts of El Niño on the Arctic temperature in boreal winter [December–February (DJF)] using reanalysis datasets and atmospheric model experiments. This study shows that extreme El Niño events are accompanied by significant boreal winter cooling over northeastern Canada and Greenland (NECG), while moderate eastern Pacific (MEP) El Niño events are accompanied by significant boreal winter warming in this region. For central Pacific (CP) El Niño events, a cold signal appears in NECG, but with no statistical significance. During extreme El Niño winters, a positive Pacific–North America (PNA)-like pattern is seen in the Pacific, and anomalously negative 200-hPa geopotential height (Z200) strengthening occurs over NECG, which is a response to anomalous strong wave activity originating in the tropical Pacific. El Niño–induced circulation anomalies can further induce NECG cooling via cold temperature advection and decreased downward longwave radiation. In contrast, for the MEP El Niño, the subtropical jet extends zonally from the North Pacific to the North Atlantic, which is accompanied by increased baroclinicity anomalies and favors the propagation of synoptic eddies into the Atlantic, leading to a negative North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO)-like pattern. This in turn could further enhance the positive Z200 anomalies over NECG, resulting in anomalous warming in NECG through warm temperature advection and enhanced downward longwave radiation. A series of atmospheric model experiments simulates the observed circulation changes and associated warming over NECG.

Significance Statement
This work investigates the different impacts of the three El Niño types on regional Arctic wintertime temperature anomalies based on observations and model experiments. The impacts of El Niño events on northeastern Canada and Greenland temperatures during boreal winter show distinct differences between extreme El Niño and moderate EP El Niño events. These distinct differences can be attributed to the different atmospheric circulation patterns induced by different SST patterns, which can lead to warm (cold) temperature advection and enhanced (decreased) downward longwave radiation. These results highlight the different impacts of extreme and moderate EP El Niños on Arctic temperatures and provide an improved understanding of the impact of El Niños on the Arctic climate.
On the Risk Efficiency of a Weather Index Insurance Product for the Brazilian Semiarid Region
Authors: Lavorato Mateus P. , Braga Marcelo J. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Weather index insurance (WII) has long been advertised as a viable alternative to crop yield insurance. WII products were first developed to assist climate-vulnerable farmers from developing countries where establishing a well-structured crop insurance market is expressively difficult due to the poor transport infrastructure and the prevalence of sparsely distributed small-scale farms. In Brazil, the semiarid region stands out as the one that concentrates the ideal conditions for the implementation of a WII product since it houses thousands of climate-vulnerable farmers. With this in mind, we designed and priced a WII product for farmers from the semiarid region of Brazil and posteriorly investigated its risk efficiency. To do so, we first investigated crop yield responses to aridity, enabling the selection of locations for which the WII product was posteriorly assessed. Second, we grouped selected locations into specific contracts according to geographical proximity and evaluated each of these contracts to attest the risk efficiency of the proposed WII product using the method of stochastic efficiency with respect to a function (SERF), which identifies utility efficient alternatives for a range of risk attitudes. Our results show that the WII product may be effective in protecting farmers from adverse variations in production revenue, possibly being attractive for utility-maximizer farmers that are sufficiently risk averse.
Riding the tides: Directions in mental health rehabilitation in NSW
Authors: McDonald Andrew , Still Megan , Sommer Joanne , Coniglio Francesca 
Published: November 2023

Objective This paper outlines the evolution of mental health rehabilitation in NSW, where allocation of health resources has repeatedly contradicted the policy intention to reorient services from inpatient to community-based services, leaving community rehabilitation the poor and disconnected cousin of inpatient services. The expanding role of community-managed organisations (CMOs) in psychosocial rehabilitation, the introduction of the National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS), and emerging service models have helped foster a maturing housing and social care environment, but present reality and the integration of health and social care services remains at a distance from best evidence practice. Conclusion The challenge of the next decade of mental health reform is to embrace and consolidate greater service diversity and complexity. Understanding what factors influenced present reality is important in providing guardrails for the future, enabling the current wave of renewal and reinvestment in NSW to build on the strengths of past developments and steer a course around their weaknesses.