bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of caesarian section delivery on breastfeeding initiation in Nigeria: logit-based decomposition and subnational analysis of cross-sectional survey
Authors: Oyedele Oyewole K 
Published: October 2023

ObjectivesThis study investigates caesarian section (CS) and vaginal delivery disparity, impact and contributions to timely initiation of breastfeeding (TIBF) to guide evidence-based strategy for improved breastfeeding practice.Design and settingsA cross-sectional (population-based) analysis of 19 101 non-missing breastfeeding data from the 2018 Nigerian Demographic Health Survey collected via a two-stage stratified-random sampling across the 37 states in the 6 geopolitical-zones of Nigeria.ParticipantsComplete responses from reproductive-age women (15–49 years) who had at least a childbirth in the last 5 years prior to the 2018 survey.Main outcome measuresTIBF, that is, breastfeeding initiation within the first hour of newborn life is the outcome, CS is the exposure variable and explanatory factors were classified as; socio-demographic and obstetrics.MethodsDescriptive statistics were reported and graphically presented. Bivariate χ2analysis initially assessed the relationship. Crude and adjusted logistic regression evaluated the likelihood and significance of multivariable association. Multivariate decomposition further quantified predictors’ contribution and importance. Statistical analysis was performed at a 95% confidence level in Stata V.17.Results44.1% and 20.2% of women with vaginal and CS delivery observed TIBF, respectively. Odds of TIBF were five times lower in women with CS delivery (adjusted OR ‘AOR’=0.21: 95% CI=0.16 to 0.26). TIBF odds increase among women who used skilled prenatal provider (AOR=1.29: 95% CI=1.15 to 1.45), had hospital delivery (AOR=1.34: 95% CI=1.18 to 1.52) and in rich wealth class (AOR=1.44: 95% CI=1.29 to 1.60), respectively. Rural residency, unwanted pregnancy and large child size at birth however reduces the odds. Partial skin-to-skin contacts contributed to about 54% (p<0.05) of the negative effect. TIBF is highest in Kano (3.4%) and lowest in Taraba (0.02%) with topmost impact in Bayelsa state (crude OR ‘COR’=63.9: 95% CI=28.2 to 144.9).ConclusionsCS exposure reduced the odds of TIBF by fivefolds. Hence, the adverse effect of CS exposure on TIBF. Skin-to-skin contact can reduce the negative effect of CS on TIBF. Early mother−child contact peculiar to CS women is critical for improved breastfeeding practice.
Systematic review of Indigenous cultural safety training interventions for healthcare professionals in Australia, Canada, New Zealand and the United States
Authors: Hardy Billie-Jo , Filipenko Sam , Smylie Diane , Ziegler Carolyn , Smylie Janet 
Published: October 2023

ObjectiveTo synthesise and appraise the design and impact of peer-reviewed evaluations of Indigenous cultural safety training programmes and workshops for healthcare workers in Australia, Canada, New Zealand and/or the United States.DesignSystematic review.Data sourcesOvid Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Bibliography of Indigenous Peoples in North America, Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts, ERIC (Education Resources Information Center), International Bibliography of the Social Sciences, ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global, Sociological Abstracts, and Web of Science’s Social Sciences Citation Index and Science Citation Index from 1 January 2006 to 12 May 2022.Eligibility criteriaStudies that evaluated the outcomes of educational interventions for selecting studies: designed to improve cultural safety, cultural competency and/or cultural awareness for non-Indigenous adult healthcare professionals in Canada, Australia, New Zealand or the United States.Data extraction and synthesisOur team of Indigenous and allied scientists tailored existing data extraction and quality appraisal tools with input from Indigenous health service partners. We synthesised the results using an iterative narrative approach.Results2442 unique titles and abstracts met screening criteria. 13 full texts met full inclusion and quality appraisal criteria. Study designs, intervention characteristics and outcome measures were heterogeneous. Nine studies used mixed methods, two used qualitative methods and two used quantitative methods. Training participants included nurses, family practice residents, specialised practitioners and providers serving specific subpopulations. Theoretical frameworks and pedagogical approaches varied across programmes, which contained overlapping course content. Study outcomes were primarily learner oriented and focused on self-reported changes in knowledge, awareness, beliefs, attitudes and/or the confidence and skills to provide care for Indigenous peoples. The involvement of local Indigenous communities in the development, implementation and evaluation of the interventions was limited.ConclusionThere is limited evidence regarding the effectiveness of specific content and approaches to cultural safety training on improving non-Indigenous health professionals’ knowledge of and skills to deliver quality, non-discriminatory care to Indigenous patients. Future research is needed that advances the methodological rigour of training evaluations, is focused on observed clinical outcomes, and is better aligned to local, regional,and/or national Indigenous priorities and needs.
Paediatric reference intervals and curves for haemoglobin and ferritin: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Bijelić Vid , Potter Beth , Parkin Patricia C , Momoli Franco , Liebman Mira , Hamid Jemila S 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionReference intervals and reference curves provide clinicians with a point of reference when evaluating patients’ laboratory test results. In practical applications, the 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles of healthy reference population are typically used as lower and upper reference limits. Guidelines outlining analytical and methodological steps involved in reference intervals and curves estimation are available and there have been large-scale world-wide initiatives to provide reference intervals and curves for children. However, there is a lack of synthesised evidence regarding the results of such initiatives in general, but specifically in iron-related biomarkers, ferritin (in serum and plasma) and haemoglobin. Objectives of this review are to identify studies that have produced reference intervals and curves for ferritin and haemoglobin in paediatric populations and to synthesise all available evidence. We also aim to quantify heterogeneity across reference intervals and curves and identify and elucidate sources of heterogeneity, including heterogeneity in the methods employed in their development.Methods and analysisUsing a comprehensive search strategy, we will identify eligible studies. Following electronic databases will be searched from inception: EMBASE, MEDLINE, SCOPUS and The Cochrane Library. We will also perform grey literature search to capture unpublished reference intervals and curves from healthy cohorts. Two researchers will independently screen retrieved citations against eligibility criteria in two stages, focusing first on titles and abstracts and then on full-text articles. Studies that provide reference intervals and curves for ferritin and haemoglobin for paediatric population will be eligible. Data extraction will include study characteristics, characteristics of reference population, methodological and analytical considerations and estimated reference intervals and curves. We will consider narrative synthesis and quantitative synthesis when appropriate.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required as data from already published studies will be used. Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42023399802.
Factors associated with vaccine coverage improvements in Senegal between 2005 and 2019: a quantitative retrospective analysis
Authors: Smalley Hannah K , Castillo-Zunino Francisco , Keskinocak Pinar , Nazzal Dima , Sakas Zoë M , Sarr Moussa , Freeman Matthew C 
Published: October 2023

ObjectiveSenegal has demonstrated catalytic improvements in national coverage rates for early childhood vaccination, despite lower development assistance for childhood vaccines in Senegal compared with other low-income and lower-middle income countries. Understanding factors associated with historical changes in childhood vaccine coverage in Senegal, as well as heterogeneities across its 14 regions, can highlight effective practices that might be adapted to improve vaccine coverage elsewhere.DesignChildhood vaccination coverage rates, demographic information and health system characteristics were identified from Senegal’s Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) and Senegal national reports for years 2005–2019. Multivariate logistic and linear regression analyses were performed to determine statistical associations of demographic and health system characteristics with respect to childhood vaccination coverage rates.SettingThe 14 administrative regions of Senegal were chosen for analysis.ParticipantsDHS women’s survey respondents with living children aged 12–23 months for survey years 2005–2019.Outcome measuresImmunisation with the third dose of the diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine (DTP3), widely used as a proxy for estimating immunisation coverage levels and the retention of children in the vaccine programme.ResultsFactors associated with childhood vaccination coverage include urban residence (β=0.61, p=0.0157), female literacy (β=1.11, p=0.0007), skilled prenatal care (β=1.80, p<0.0001) and self-reported ease of access to care when sick, considering travel distance to a healthcare facility (β=−0.70, p=0.0009) and concerns over travelling alone (β=−1.08, p<0.0001). Higher coverage with less variability over time was reported in urban areas near the capital and the coast (p=0.076), with increased coverage in recent years in more rural and landlocked areas.ConclusionsChildhood vaccination was more likely among children whose mothers had higher literacy, received skilled prenatal care and had perceived ease of access to care when sick. Overall, vaccination coverage is high in Senegal and disparities in coverage between regions have decreased significantly in recent years.
Night work, season and alertness as occupational safety hazards in the Arctic: protocol for the Noralert observational crossover study among Norwegian process operators
Authors: Matre Dagfinn , Sallinen Mikael , Phillips Andrew J K , Moen Line Victoria , Nilsen Kristian Bernhard , Haugen Fred 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionThe objective of this study is to determine the effects of night work, Arctic seasonal factors and cold working environments on human functions relevant to safety. The study aims to quantify the contribution of (1) several consecutive night shifts, (2) seasonal variation on sleepiness, alertness and circadian rhythm and (3) whether a computational model of sleep, circadian rhythms and cognitive performance can accurately predict the observed sleepiness and alertness.Methods and analysisIn an observational crossover study of outdoor and indoor workers (n=120) on a three-shift schedule from an industrial plant in Norway (70 °N), measurements will be conducted during the summer and winter. Sleep duration and quality will be measured daily by smartphone questionnaire, aided by actigraphy and heart rate measurements. Sleepiness and alertness will be assessed at regular intervals by the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale and the psychomotor vigilance test, respectively. Saliva samples will assess melatonin levels, and a blood sample will measure circadian time. Thermal exposures and responses will be measured by sensors and by thermography.Ethics and disseminationAll participants will give written informed consent to participate in the study, which will be conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The Norwegian Regional Committee for Medical Research Ethics South-East D waivered the need for ethics approval (reference 495816). Dissemination plans include academic and lay publications, and partnerships with national and regional policymakers.
Diagnostic validity of MRI for central nervous system tuberculosis: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Shen Yanqin , Yao Liwei , Zhang Jinjuan , Lin Huihong 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionCentral nervous system tuberculosis (CNSTB) is a severe condition, sometimes associated with a poor prognosis. Early diagnosis of CNSTB remains challenging, considering that conventional methods lack sensitivity or might lead to certain side effects. Herein, we presented a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the diagnostic efficacy of MRI for CNSTB.Methods and analysisSinoMed, Wanfang database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Embase, the Cochrane Library and PubMed will be searched to identify studies reporting on the use of MRI in the diagnosis of CNSTB from database inception to December 2023. The following keywords will be applied: ‘Intracranial tuberculosis’, ‘Cerebral tuberculosis’, ‘Central nervous system tuberculosis’, ‘Spinal tuberculous arachnoiditis’ and ‘Magnetic Resonance Imaging’. Studies that evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of MRI for the diagnosis of CNSTB and report clear reference criteria will be included. Studies from which full true positive, false positive, false negative and true negative values cannot be extracted, those published in languages other than English or Chinese, abstracts not reporting the full text, and case reports will be excluded. Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2) will be used to evaluate the methodological quality of each included study. Stata V.15.0 and RevMan V.5.3 will be used to perform a meta-analysis and generate forest plots and summary receiver operating characteristic curves. In case of significant heterogeneity between studies, possible sources of heterogeneity will be explored through subgroup and meta-regression analyses.Ethics and disseminationThis research is based on public databases and does not require ethical approval. Results will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42023415690.
Quantifying the mental health and economic impacts of prospective Universal Basic Income schemes among young people in the UK: a microsimulation modelling study
Authors: Chen Tao , Reed Howard , Parra-Mujica Fiorella , Johnson Elliott Aidan , Johnson Matthew , O'Flaherty Martin , Collins Brendan , Kypridemos Chris 
Published: October 2023

ObjectiveUniversal Basic Income (UBI)—a largely unconditional, regular payment to all adults to support basic needs—has been proposed as a policy to increase the size and security of household incomes and promote mental health. We aimed to quantify its long-term impact on mental health among young people in England.MethodsWe produced a discrete-time dynamic stochastic microsimulation that models a close-to-reality open cohort of synthetic individuals (2010–2030) based on data from Office for National Statistics and Understanding Society. Three UBI scheme scenarios were simulated: Scheme 1—Starter (per week): £41 per child; £63 per adult over 18 and under 65; £190 per adult aged 65+; Scheme 2—Intermediate (per week): £63 per child; £145 per adult under 65; £190 per adult aged 65+; Scheme 3—Minimum Income Standard level (per week): £95 per child; £230 per adult under 65; £230 per adult aged 65+. We reported cases of anxiety and depression prevented or postponed and cost savings. Estimates are rounded to the second significant digit.ResultsScheme 1 could prevent or postpone 200 000 (95% uncertainty interval: 180 000 to 210 000) cases of anxiety and depression from 2010 to 2030. This would increase to 420 000(400 000 to 440 000) for Scheme 2 and 550 000(520 000 to 570 000) for Scheme 3. Assuming that 50% of the cases are diagnosed and treated, Scheme 1 could save £330 million (£280 million to £390 million) to National Health Service (NHS) and personal social services (PSS), over the same period, with Scheme 2 (£710 million (£640 million to £790 million)) or Scheme 3 (£930 million (£850 million to £1000 million)) producing more considerable savings. Overall, total cost savings (including NHS, PSS and patients’ related costs) would range from £1.5 billion (£1.2 billion to £1.8 billion) for Scheme 1 to £4.2 billion (£3.7 billion to £4.6 billion) for Scheme 3.ConclusionOur modelling suggests that UBI could substantially benefit young people’s mental health, producing substantial health-related cost savings.
Effects of a physical activity promotion programme on body composition in emerging adults with physical inactivity: a study protocol of a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Xu Tao , Tao Yuexian , Chen Rong , Strachan Garry , Cai Xintong , Liu Chengyi 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionA dramatic decline in physical activity may occur in emerging adulthood because of a major transition over the course of a life. The potential for implementing structured behaviour modification strategies to enhance risk-reducing clinical outcomes is widely recognised. The active participation of clients in the discussion and care process is crucial for optimising intervention outcomes and enhancing individuals’ motivation to adopt and maintain healthy behaviours. This study therefore aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a physical activity promotion programme based on the goal attainment theory in relation to emerging adults’ body composition, using a face-to-face and e-health blended interventions.Methods and analysisA two-arm, double-blind, randomised, controlled study will be conducted in 114 university students aged 18–25 years with physical inactivity. The intervention assignment will be blind to study participants, outcome assessors and study statisticians. A goal achievement theory-based physical activity promotion programme is developed in this study, which is a 16-week, face-to-face and e-health-blended physical activity promotion intervention. After informed consent, participants will be randomly assigned to either a control group or a treatment group before the start of the study. The primary outcome is body composition (ie, skeletal muscle mass, body fat mass, body mass index and body fat percentage). Other outcomes include physical activity level, goal attainment scale scores, exercise self-efficacy and motivation level, which will be assessed during the intervention (every 4 weeks) and at the 1 month follow-up. Continuous variables have means and SD, while categorical variables have frequencies and percentages. Independent-samples t-tests will be used to compare continuous variable changes. χ2tests will be used to compare categorical variable changes. Based on the baseline scores, analysis of covariance will compare the follow-up results.Ethics and disseminationThis study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Hangzhou Normal University (ratification date: 14 November 2022, 2022059). The results of the study will be submitted for publication and dissemination in a peer-reviewed journal.Trial registration numberNCT05697679.
Exploration of associations between occupational exposures and current adult eczema
Authors: Lopez Diego J , Alif Sheikh , Dharmage Shyamali , Lodge Caroline J , Bui Dinh S , Le Moual Nicole , Waidyatillake Nilakshi T , Su John C , Abramson Michael , Walters E Haydn , Hamilton Garun S , Bowatte Gayan , Erbas Bircan , Benke Geza , Perret Jennifer , Lowe Adrian J 
Published: October 2023

ObjectivesThere is a scarcity of evidence on occupational exposures that may increase eczema in adults. We aimed to investigate potential associations between occupational exposures and eczema in middle-aged adults.MethodsA lifetime work history calendar was collected from the Tasmanian Longitudinal Health Study participants when they were at age 53. Their work history was collated with the occupational asthma-specific job exposure matrix to define ever-exposure and cumulative exposure unit-years since no eczema job exposure matrix is available. Eczema was determined using the report of flexural rash that was coming and going for at least 6 months in the last 12 months. Skin prick tests were used to further subgroup eczema and atopic eczema (AE) or non-AE (NAE). Logistic and multinomial regression models were used to investigate the associations.ResultsEczema prevalence was 9.1%. Current occupational exposure to animals (adjusted OR, aOR=3.06 (95% CI 1.43 to 6.58)), storage mites (aOR=2.96 (95% CI 1.38 to 6.34)) and endotoxin (aOR=1.95 (95% CI 1.04 to 3.64)) were associated with increased risk of current eczema. Furthermore, increased odds of NAE were associated with current exposure to animals (aOR=5.60 (95% CI 1.45 to 21.7)) and storage mites (aOR=5.63 (95% CI 1.45 to 21.9)). Current exposures to isocyanates (aOR=5.27 (95% CI 1.17 to 23.7)) and acrylates (aOR=8.41 (95% CI 1.60 to 44.3)) were associated with AE. There was no evidence of associations between cumulative exposures and eczema prevalence. Cumulative exposure to metalworking fluids (aOR=1.10 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.22)) was associated with NAE and acrylates (aOR=1.24 (95% CI 1.04 to 1.46)) with AE.ConclusionsIn this exploratory assessment, multiple occupational exposures were associated with current eczema in middle-aged adults. Raising awareness and limiting these exposures during an individual’s productive working life will likely have various health benefits, including reducing eczema prevalence.
Holographic Einstein rings of a Gauss–Bonnet AdS black hole
Authors: Zeng Xiao-Xiong , He Ke-Jian , Pu Jin , Li Guo-Ping , Jiang Qing-Quan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBased on the AdS/CFT correspondence, we study the holographic Einstein image of a Gauss–Bonnet AdS black hole in the framework of wave optics. Our results show that for the absolute amplitude of total response function, there always exists the interference pattern when the scalar wave passes through black hole. And, the value of the amplitude depends closely on the properties of Gaussian source and spacetime geometry. More importantly, we also find that the holographic images always appears as a ring surrounded by the concentric stripe when observer located at the north pole. At other positions, this ring will change into a luminosity-deformed ring, or two light points. In addition, the influence of Gauss–Bonnet parameter $$\alpha $$
α
, wave source and optical system on the holographic image have been carefully addressed and the results show that the radius of ring is dependent of the Gauss–Bonnet parameter $$\alpha $$
α
but not dependent of wave source and optical system. The holographic images that different types of black holes have different features may shed deep insights on the existence of a gravity dual for a given material.