bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autocrine and paracrine nitric oxide regulate attachment of human osteoclasts
Authors: Yaroslavskiy Beatrice B. , Li Yanan , Ferguson David J.P. , Kalla Sara E. , Oakley Jennifer I. , Blair Harry C. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractNitric oxide (NO) can reduce bone loss in chronic bone diseases. NO inhibits or kills osteoclasts, but the mechanism of action of NO in human bone turnover is not clear. To address this, we studied effects of NO on attachment and motility of human osteoclasts on mineralized and tissue culture substrates under defined conditions. Osteoclasts were differentiated in vitro from CD14 selected monocytes in RANKL and CSF‐1, and characterized by cathepsin K expression, tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity, acid secretion, and lacunar resorption. Cell attachment was labeled with monoclonal antibody 23C6, specific for a binding domain of a key osteoclast attachment protein, the CD51/CD61 integrin dimer (αvβ3), with or without cell permeabilization. A ring of integrin attachment during bone degradation delimits an extracellular acid compartment, while αvβ3 forms focal attachments on non‐resorbable substrates. On resorbable substrate but not non‐resorbable substrate, αvβ3 labeling required cell permeabilization, in keeping with the membrane‐matrix apposition that excludes large molecules and allows extracellular acidification. Acid secretion was labeled with the fluorescent weak base indicator lysotracker. NO donors, S‐nitroso‐N‐acetyl penicillamine (SNAP) or sodium nitroprusside (SNP), downmodulated acid secretion simultaneously with cytoskeletal rearrangement, with αvβ3 redistributed to a discontinuous pattern that labeled, on bone substrate, without membrane permeabilization. These effects were reversible, and an inhibitor of NO synthesis, NG‐monomethyl‐L‐arginine (l‐NMMA), increased acid secretion and decreased heterogeneity of attachment structures, showing that NO is an autocrine regulator of attachment. A hydrolysis‐resistant activating cGMP analog 8‐(4‐chlorophenylthio)guanosine‐3′,5′‐cyclic monophosphate replicated effects of NO donors, while an inhibiting analog, 8‐(4‐chlorophenylthio)guanosine‐3′,5′‐cyclic monophosphorothioate, Rp‐isomer, opposed them. On tissue culture or mineralized substrates, NO or cGMP analogs directly regulated motility; after washout cells reattached and survived for days. We conclude that NO is produced by human osteoclasts and regulates acid secretion and cellular motility, in keeping with autocrine and paracrine NO regulation of the resorption cycle. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterizing the new transcription regulator protein p60TRP
Authors: Heese K. , Yamada T. , Akatsu H. , Yamamoto T. , Kosaka K. , Nagai Y. , Sawada T. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractActive cell death (‘apoptosis’ or ‘programmed cell death’) is essential in the development and homeostasis of multicellular organisms and abnormal inhibition of apoptosis is an indicator of cancer and autoimmune diseases, whereas excessive cell death might be implicated in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Using bioinformatics‐, Western‐blotting‐, yeast‐two‐hybrid‐system‐, polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐, and fluorescence microscopy‐analyses, we demonstrate here that the neuroprotective protein p60TRP (p60‐transcription‐regulator‐protein) is a basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH) domain‐containing member of a new protein family that interacts with the Ran‐binding‐protein‐5 (RanBP5) and the protein‐phosphatase‐2A (PP2A). The additional findings of its influence on NNT1 and p48ZnF (new‐neurotrophin‐1, p48‐zinc‐finger‐protein)‐signaling and its down‐regulation in the brain of AD subjects point to a possible pivotal role of p60TRP in the control of cellular aging and survival. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The role of the cytoskeleton in cellular adhesion molecule expression in tumor necrosis factor‐stimulated endothelial cells
Authors: VandenBerg Elizabeth , Reid Maria D. , Edwards John D. , Davis Harold W. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractLeukocyte infiltration is a hallmark of the atherosclerotic lesion. These cells are captured by cellular adhesion molecules (CAMs), including vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (VCAM‐1), intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1), platelet‐endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM), and E‐selectin, on endothelial cells (EC). We examined the role of the actin cytoskeleton in tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α)‐induced translocation of CAMs to the cell surface. Human aortic EC were grown on 96‐well plates and an ELISA was used to assess surface expression of the CAMs. TNF‐α increased VCAM‐1, ICAM‐1, and E‐selectin by 4 h but had no affect on the expression of PECAM. A functioning actin cytoskeleton was important for VCAM‐1 and ICAM‐1 expression as both cytochalasin D, an actin filament disruptor, and jasplakinolide, an actin filament stabilizer, attenuated the expression of these CAMs. These compounds were ineffective in altering E‐selectin surface expression. Myosin light chains are phosphorylated in response to TNF‐α and this appears to be regulated by Rho kinase instead of myosin light chain kinase. However, the Rho kinase inhibitor, Y27632, had no affect on TNF‐α‐induced CAM expression. ML‐7, a myosin light chain kinase inhibitor, had a modest inhibitory effect on the translocation of VCAM‐1 but not on ICAM‐1 or E‐selectin. These data suggest that the surface expression of VCAM‐1 and ICAM‐1 is dependent on cycling of the actin cytoskeleton. Nevertheless, modulation of actin filaments via myosin light chain phosphorylation is not necessary. The regulation of E‐selectin surface expression differs from that of the other CAMs. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ets proteins in biological control and cancer
Authors: Hsu Tien , Trojanowska Maria , Watson Dennis K. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThe Ets family consists of a large number of evolutionarily conserved transcription factors, many of which have been implicated in tumor progression. Extensive studies on this family of proteins have focused so far mainly on the biochemical properties and cellular functions of individual factors. Since most of the Ets factors can bind to the core consensus DNA sequence GGAA/T in vitro, it has been a challenge to differentiate redundant from specific functions of various Ets proteins in vivo. Recent findings, however, suggest that such apparent redundancy may in fact be a central component of a network of differentially regulated specific Ets factors, resulting in distinct biological and pathological consequences. The programmed “Ets conversion” appears to play a critical role during tumor progression, especially in control of cellular changes during epithelial–mesenchymal transition and metastasis. Coordination of multiple Ets gene functions also mediates interactions between tumor and stromal cells. As such, these new insights may provide a novel view of the Ets gene family as well as a focal point for studying the complex biological control involved in tumor progression. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Erratum to: The structure of geodetic blocks with diameter two
Authors: Jingzhong Mao , Lingli Sun 
Published: March 2004

AbstractIn our paper 1 we gave a classification of geodetic blocks of diameter two, but the proof was incorrect. Here we point out this error and give a new result about constructing geodetic blocks of diameter two. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 46 : 79–80, 2004
The influence of the tropical and subtropical Atlantic and Pacific Oceans on precipitation variability over Southern Central South America on seasonal time scales
Authors: Berri Guillermo J. , Bertossa Germán I. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThis paper studies the temporal and spatial patterns of precipitation anomalies over southern central South America (SCSA; 22–40°S and 54–70°W), and their relationship with the sea‐surface temperature (SST) variability over the surrounding tropical and subtropical Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. The data include monthly precipitation from 68 weather stations in central–northern Argentina and neighbouring Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay, and monthly SSTs from the NOAA dataset with a 2° resolution for the period 1961–93. We use the method of canonical correlation analysis (CCA) to study the simultaneous relationship between bi‐monthly precipitation and SST variability. Before applying the CCA procedure, standardized anomalies are calculated and a prefiltering is applied by means of an empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis. Thus, the CCA input consists of 10 EOF modes of SST and between 9 and 11 modes for precipitation and their corresponding principal components, which are the minimum number of modes necessary to explain at least 80% of the variance of the corresponding field. The results show that November–December presents the most robust association between the SST and SCSA precipitation variability, especially in northeastern Argentina and southern Brazil, followed by March–April and May–June. The period January–February, in contrast, displays a weak relationship with the oceans and represents a temporal minimum of oceanic influence during the summer semester. Based on the CCA maps, we identify the different oceanic and SCSA regions, the regional averages of SST and precipitation are calculated, and linear correlation analysis are conducted. The periods with greater association between the oceans and SCSA precipitation are November–December and May–June. During November–December, every selected region over SCSA reflects the influence of several oceanic regions, whereas during May–June only a few regions show a direct association with the oceans. The Pacific Ocean regions have a greater influence and are more widespread over SCSA; the Atlantic Ocean regions have an influence only over the northwestern and the southeastern parts of SCSA. In general, the relationship with the equatorial and tropical Atlantic and Pacific Oceans is of the type warm–wet/cold–dry, whereas the subtropical regions of both oceans show the opposite relationship, i.e. warm–dry/cold–wet. Copyright © 2004 Royal Meteorological Society
Comparison of Stratospheric Zonal Winds and El Niño–Southern Oscillation in Recent Decades
Authors: Kane R. P. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractA comparison of the plots of the monthly and yearly values indicates that stratospheric winds and El Niño–southern oscillation (ENSO) parameters evolve differently and probably have no relationship with each other. The sharp commencement of the 1997–98 El Niño in February–March 1997 was not accompanied by any particular deviation from the general trend of the wind variation in those months. Spectral analysis for 1979 up to the present indicates that winds have only a quasi‐biennial oscillation (QBO) near 2.40 years as a prominent variation, whereas ENSO has main periodicities near 3.7 and 5.0 years and a small QBO near 2.50 years, slightly but significantly different from the wind QBO. Copyright © 2004 Royal Meteorological Society
Sea‐level pressure variability in the Po Plain (1765–2000) from homogenized daily secular records
Authors: Maugeri Maurizio , Brunetti Michele , Monti Fabio , Nanni Teresa 
Published: March 2004

AbstractA homogenized 236 year daily regional sea‐level pressure (SLP) record is constructed for the Po Plain (north Italy) by means of six station records: Bologna, Genoa, Lugano, Milan, Padua and Turin. Station records are subjected to a first homogenization in order to reduce all observations to sea level and to 0°C and to correct the bias introduced by calculating daily means using different sets of observation hours. A second homogenization is performed by means of comparison with other Italian and European series. After homogenization, the root‐mean square error of the yearly station records is evaluated within 0.2 hPa after 1880, whereas for the periods 1834–1880 and 1765–1833 it is estimated as between 0.2 and 0.3 hPa and as around 0.4 hPa respectively. Trend analysis is applied to the annual and seasonal regional records and concerns both SLP and its day‐to‐day variability. The results show that neither the SLP nor its day‐to‐day variability have an evident trend when considering the entire 1765–2000 period. However, if the series is divided roughly in two parts, then significant trends can be highlighted. The annual and seasonal regional SLP records are also compared with corresponding regional temperature series. The results show that, especially in spring and in summer, temperature and SLP are in good agreement. Copyright © 2004 Royal Meteorological Society
An imprint and merge algorithm incorporating geometric tolerances for conformal meshing of misaligned assemblies
Authors: White David R. , Saigal Sunil , Owen Steven J. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractA size tolerant algorithm for imprinting and merging adjacent part geometries is presented in this paper. This approach cleans up misaligned and dirty assembly geometry that is intended for conformal mesh generation. The algorithm first discretizes the boundary edges of adjacent faces into linear segments. The segments are then intersected and a partial intersection graph is calculated from the intersection results. The intersections are calculated by accounting for size tolerances to minimize the effect of misaligned parts on the meshing process. The partial intersection graph is next used to imprint the adjacent faces as appropriate. The imprints are generated using virtual geometry so that the tolerant topology created therein can be employed. Several examples are given to demonstrate the resulting improvement in the mesh quality of conformal meshes. The approach is shown to work robustly with misaligned and poorly defined parts. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Continuous approximation of material distribution for topology optimization
Authors: Matsui K. , Terada K. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a checkerboard‐free topology optimization method without introducing any additional constraint parameter. This aim is accomplished by the introduction of finite element approximation for continuous material distribution in a fixed design domain. That is, the continuous distribution of microstructures, or equivalently design variables, is realized in the whole design domain in the context of the homogenization design method (HDM), by the discretization with finite element interpolations. By virtue of this continuous FE approximation of design variables, discontinuous distribution like checkerboard patterns disappear without any filtering schemes. We call this proposed method the method of continuous approximation of material distribution (CAMD) to emphasize the continuity imposed on the ‘material field’. Two representative numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the capability and the efficiency of the proposed approach against some classes of numerical instabilities. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A meshless method with enriched weight functions for fatigue crack growth
Authors: Duflot Marc , Nguyen‐Dang Hung 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThe meshless method is particularly appropriate to solve crack propagation problems. In this paper, the fatigue growth of cracks in two‐dimensional bodies is considered. The analysis is based upon Paris' equation. New enriched weight functions are introduced in the meshless method formulation to capture the singularity at the crack tip. Simple problems show the accuracy and efficiency of this method. Then, it is applied to fatigue analysis of single‐ and multi‐cracked bodies under mixed‐mode conditions. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A systems framework for safety and security: The holistic paradigm
Authors: Hessami A. G. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractNew discoveries coupled with the incessant desire to improve performance and reduce cost of products and services tend to encourage the deployment of novel technologies, which are often more complex in nature than their earlier counterparts. However, recent experience bears witness to the need for better vision and foresight in appreciation of the detrimental aspects alongside seemingly beneficial and rewarding facets of modern systems, processes, and products. Among many aspects to the performance of systems, safety is a human‐focused and complex socio‐technical issue. The classical view of safety is largely biased towards the causality of hazardous states and failure of products, processes, and systems, often taking a narrow technical reliability perspective in place of sensitivity to human dimension. Later philosophies have advocated the extension of failure‐based approaches to take into account assessment of likely accidents and consequent harm to people. Against this setting, security, which is a major and more recent concern, is analogous to safety, differing mainly in malicious intent and deliberate causation rather than unplanned random or systematic causes. This paper proposes a new paradigm for holistic systems assurance, of which safety performance and security/vulnerability are key aspects. While principally focused on safety assurance, the proposed paradigm is broadly applicable to any facet of a system's performance and goes beyond the current horizons of systems safety landscape. It develops and proposes a more inclusive approach and extension of current systems safety domain, comprising scope and issues beyond accident causation and consequential loss. It further advocates a more extensive view of loss, encompassing harm to people and damage to the natural habitat as well as detriment to a business enterprise or society at large. References to safety assurance in this paper are synonymous with ensuring health, safety, and welfare of people. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Eng 7: 99–112, 2004
A systems engineering framework for integrated automotive development
Authors: Loureiro Geilson , Leaney Paul G. , Hodgson Mike 
Published: March 2004

AbstractAutomotive development faces tightening regulatory requirements, shortening development cycle times, and growing complexity. To cope with such an environment, it is moving from a traditional evolutionary to a systems engineering approach. Great effort is being made for a shift from the traditional component focus, which has been enhanced by concurrent engineering, to a more broadened view supported by systems thinking. This broader view, however, is in practice strongly focused on the product elements of the system. This paper proposes a systems engineering framework for integrated automotive development—the total view approach. It is a modeling framework that integrates the product, its life cycle processes and their associated organizations throughout the requirements, functional and physical analysis processes, at all levels of the product breakdown structure, deriving attributes as emergent properties of a whole integrated system. The paper justifies the framework through a review of traditional and current automotive development and two case studies. A major benefit of the application of the framework is the ability to investigate early in the product development process the interactions between requirements and attributes not only of the product, but also of its life cycle processes and their associated organisations. This can lead to better product quality, lower life cycle cost, shorter development time, and manageable complexity. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Eng 7: 153–166, 2004
Mavericks and free trade: Chile's pivotal role in the formation of the FTAA
Authors: Vachani Sushil 
Published: March 2004

AbstractBilateral and regional trade agreements are gaining importance as the World Trade Organization's
negotiations sputter. The future of regional integration agreements (RIAs) depends not only on large
countries such as the United States and Brazil, but also on small mavericks like Chile. This article examines
the generic roles played by different players in the game to form the Free Trade Area of the Americas
(FTAA), including Chile's pivotal role in helping the United States advance its objective of
creating the FTAA in the face of Brazilian resistance. Managers need to understand the effect of realignment of
trade arrangements on their sources of competitive advantage and adopt strategies to preempt their erosion.
Other small countries that exist in the shadows of large hegemons that dominate developing‐country RIAs
might benefit from lessons provided by Chile. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Novel Proton Transfer Self‐Associated Compound from Dipicolinic Acid and Guanidine and Its Cadmium(II) Complex: Synthesis, Characterization, Crystal Structure, and Solution Studies
Authors: Moghimi A. , Sheshmani Sh. , Shokrollahi A. , Aghabozorg H. , Shamsipur M. , Kickelbick G. , Aragoni M. Carla , Lippolis V. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractA novel 1:2 proton transfer self‐associated compound LH2, (GH+)2(pydc2—), was synthesized from the reaction of dipicolinic acid, pydcH2, (2, 6‐pyridinedicarboxylic acid), and guanidine hydrochloride, (GH+)(Cl—). The characterization was performed using IR, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. LH2 · H2O crystallizes in the space group C2/c of the monoclinic system and contains eight molecules per unit cell. The unit cell dimensions are: a = 26.480(5)Å, b = 8.055(2)Å, c = 14.068(3)Å. The first coordination complex (GH)2[Cd(pydc)2] · 2H2O, was prepared using LH2 and cadmium(II) iodide, and characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy and X‐ray crystallography. The crystal system is triclinic with space group P1¯ with one molecule per unit cell. The unit cell dimensions are: a = 8.5125(7)Å, b = 11.0731(8)Å, c = 13.2404(10)Å. The cadmium(II) atom is six‐coordinated with a distorted octahedral geometry. The two pydc2— units are almost perpendicular to each other. The protonation constants of the building blocks of the pydc‐guanidine adduct, the equilibrium constants for the reaction of pydc2— with guanidine and the stoichiometry and stability of the Cd2+ complex with LH2 in aqueous solution were accomplished by potentiometric pH titration. The solution studies strongly support a self‐association between pydc2— and GH+ with a stoichiometry for the CdII complex similar to that observed for the isolated crystalline complex. In fact, the [Cd(pydc)2]2— complex was found as the most abundant species in solution (> 90 %) at a pH >5.
Modification of intracellular free calcium in cultured F2408 embryo fibroblasts by 3‐substituted‐2‐thiohydantoin derivatives
Authors: Incesu Z. , Benkli K. , Akalin G. , Kaplancikli Z.A. 
Published: March 2004

Abstract3‐substituted‐2‐thiohydantoin derivatives were synthesized and their structures elucidated by IR, 1H‐NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The cytotoxicity of the 2‐thiohydantoin derivatives to rat embryo fibroblasts (F2408) in vitro was determined, and the effects of these compounds on intracellular free Ca2+, [Ca2+]i, were measured by spectrofluorophotometry. Cytotoxicity was determined by metabolic reduction of a tetrazolium salt to a formazan dye (MTT assay). Compounds 4 and 7 showed cytotoxic activity, with IC50values in the range of 1–1.2 μM. Introduction of either chlorophenyl, metoxyphenyl, nitrophenyl or benzyl groups at C‐3 resulted in concentration‐dependent cytotoxic effects. Compounds 1–6 at 1 μM or more significantly increased [Ca2+]iin a dose‐dependent manner in the cultured fibroblasts. This action may have been mediated through intracellular calcium stores.
Involvement of protein kinases on the process of erythrophagocytis by Entamoeba histolytica
Authors: Batista Evander de J.O , De Souza Wanderley 
Published: March 2004

AbstractErythrophagocytic capacity of trophozoites of Entamoeba histolytica is considered a factor in the virulence of this pathogenic protozoan. We present evidence showing that such activity resembles the ingestion of microorganisms by highly differentiated phagocytic cells, such as macrophages. Previous treatment of the trophozoites with genistein or tyrphostin, inhibitors of tyrosine protein kinases, with staurosporine, a protein kinase C inhibitor, and wortmannin, a fungal metabolite that inhibits phosphoinositide 3‐OH kinase, significantly inhibited their erythrophagocytic capacity.