bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous Observation of Magnetopause Expansion Under Radial IMF and Indention by HSJ
Authors: Wang Xi , Lu Jianyong , Wang Ming , Zhou Yue , Hao Yufei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTo analyze the influence of high‐speed jets (HSJs) on the position of the magnetopause during long‐term radial interplanetary magnetic fields (IMFs), we report three events of magnetopause expansions and indentions by HSJs observed by Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms. In these events, the upstream solar wind condition is stable and the IMF direction is quasi‐radial, characterized by the cone angle less than 30°. Actually, such upstream conditions are rare, especially when the HSJ is observed near the magnetopause crossing time. The actual positions of the magnetopause in these three cases are further away from Earth than that shown by the empirical models. A local indention in the magnetopause caused by HSJ is inferred by the inward movement of the magnetopause from the compression of HSJ. It is the first time to report the simultaneous magnetopause expansion under radial IMF and magnetopause indention caused by HSJ.
S1PR1 regulates ovarian cancer cell senescence through the PDK1-LATS1/2-YAP pathway
Authors: Tao Yi-Ping , Zhu Heng-Yan , Shi Qian-Yuan , Wang Cai-Xia , Hua Yu-Xin , Hu Han-Yin , Zhou Qi-Yin , Zhou Zi-Lu , Sun Ying , Wang Xiao-Min , Wang Yu , Zhang Ya-Ling , Guo Yan-Jun , Wang Zi-Ying , Che Xuan , Xu Chun-Wei , Zhang Xian-Chao , Heger Michal , Tao Su-Ping , Zheng Xin , Xu Ying , Ao Lei , Liu Ai-Jun , Liu Sheng-Bing , Cheng Shu-Qun , Pan Wei-Wei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCell senescence deters the activation of various oncogenes. Induction of senescence is, therefore, a potentially effective strategy to interfere with vital processes in tumor cells. Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1) has been implicated in various cancer types, including ovarian cancer. The mechanism by which S1PR1 regulates ovarian cancer cell senescence is currently elusive. In this study, we demonstrate that S1PR1 was highly expressed in human ovarian cancer tissues and cell lines. S1PR1 deletion inhibited the proliferation and migration of ovarian cancer cells. S1PR1 deletion promoted ovarian cancer cell senescence and sensitized ovarian cancer cells to cisplatin chemotherapy. Exposure of ovarian cancer cells to sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) increased the expression of 3-phosphatidylinositol-dependent protein kinase 1 (PDK1), decreased the expression of large tumor suppressor 1/2 (LATS1/2), and induced phosphorylation of Yes-associated protein (p-YAP). Opposite results were obtained in S1PR1 knockout cells following pharmacological inhibition. After silencing LATS1/2 in S1PR1-deficient ovarian cancer cells, senescence was suppressed and S1PR1 expression was increased concomitantly with YAP expression. Transcriptional regulation of S1PR1 by YAP was confirmed by chromatin immunoprecipitation. Accordingly, the S1PR1-PDK1-LATS1/2-YAP pathway regulates ovarian cancer cell senescence and does so through a YAP-mediated feedback loop. S1PR1 constitutes a druggable target for the induction of senescence in ovarian cancer cells. Pharmacological intervention in the S1PR1-PDK1-LATS1/2-YAP signaling axis may augment the efficacy of standard chemotherapy.
Restorative dentistry clinical decision-making for hypodontia: complex cases
Authors: Pace-Balzan Adrian , Chatzipantelis Andreas , J. Dunn Katharine , Charan Garima , P. Ashley Martin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHypodontia is a relatively common condition and patients will be seen by both general dental practitioners and specialist dental colleagues. Although hypodontia can be described as mild, moderate and severe, this does not directly correlate with the complexity of treatment required to provide an acceptable outcome. In addition, the complexity of treatment provided by one colleague in the multidisciplinary team may not be the same as for other colleagues.When treatment planning and delivering dental care for these patients, especially those with severe hypodontia, it is useful to recognise the factors that make their care complex and also to follow principles for multidisciplinary treatment planning.
Involving young people and parents in decision-making for hypodontia
Authors: Barber Sophy , Jones Adam , Abigale Patel Veena , P. Ashley Martin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractInvolving young people and their parents in decisions about their health care is ethically and professionally the right thing to do. Good decision-making relies on informed, value-based deliberation. Providing the right treatment for people with hypodontia is complex, both technically, in terms of the range of options available, and from a communication perspective. Treatment decisions faced by young people with hypodontia can have lifelong implications and the weight of this is felt both by the patient, who may have limited experience of dental treatment and decision-making, and their parents, who act as advocates. It is important that clinicians understand how they can best share the available evidence and their expertise in a way that can be understood and applied. Clinicians also have an important role in facilitating young people to recognise and communicate their own values, expectations, and ultimately, preferences for treatment. This paper outlines the challenges of navigating information sharing and engaging in shared decision-making specific to hypodontia. A scoping review of the literature by the authors was conducted to identify evidence-based advice for discussing uncertainties, risks and increasing engagement in decision-making. This may be useful to both primary and secondary care practitioners involved in decision-making with people with hypodontia.
The dental technician as a member of the hypodontia multidisciplinary team, with practical considerations for anterior restoration design
Authors: Ford Stephen , Ashley Martin P. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMost patients seeking treatment for hypodontia will require prosthetic replacement of their missing teeth. This will be in the form of dentures, bridges and implant restorations. As these are created by one or more dental technicians who supports the clinical team, a close working relationship between these colleagues is likely to improve the quality of treatment outcome. This interaction will usually occur towards the end of the patient's treatment process, when definitive restorations are prescribed. However, appropriately trained and experienced dental technicians should be involved throughout the patient's treatment process as an integral part of the multidisciplinary team approach to effectively manage these patients.This paper describes the contribution of dental technicians to patient care with particular focus on communication between the restorative dentistry clinical team and the dental technician to improve the quality of anterior restorations. As missing maxillary lateral incisor teeth are a common presentation for this patient group, further technical detail relating to planning resin-bonded bridges for replacement of these teeth is included.
Loss of SMURF2 expression enhances RACK1 stability and promotes ovarian cancer progression
Authors: Pi Yanan , Feng Qiushi , Sun Fusheng , Wang Zhiqiang , Zhao Yue , Chen Dejia , Liu Yiming , Lou Ge 
Published: October 2023

AbstractReceptor for activated C kinase 1 (RACK1) has been confirmed to take part in multiple biological events and the mechanism supporting abnormal RACK1 expression in ovarian cancer (OC) remains to be characterized. Here, we identified Smad ubiquitin regulatory factor 2 (SMURF2) as a bona fide E3 ligase of RACK1 in OC. SMURF2 effectively added the K6, K33 and K48 ubiquitin chains to the RACK1, resulting in polyubiquitination and instability of RACK1. PCAF promoted acetylation of RACK1 at K130, leading to SMURF2-mediated RACK1 ubiquitination inhibited and promote OC progression. The expression levels of SMURF2 and RACK1 were negatively correlated. SMURF2 was abnormal low expression in human ovarian cancer, resulting in decreased ubiquitination of RACK1 and increased stability, which promoted OC progression, and strongly associated with poor patients’ prognosis. In general, our results demonstrated that SMURF2 plays a pivotal role in stabilizing RACK1, which in turn facilitates tumorigenesis in OC, suggesting that SMURF2-RACK1 axis may prove to be potential targets for the treatment of OC.
(B)On(e)-cohistones and the epigenetic alterations at the root of bone cancer
Authors: Salomoni Paolo , Flanagan Adrienne M. , Cottone Lucia 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Identification of mutations in histones in a number of human neoplasms and developmental syndromes represents the most compelling evidence to date for a causal role of epigenetic perturbations in human disease. In most cases, these mutations have gain of function properties that cause deviation from normal developmental processes leading to embryo defects and/or neoplastic transformation. These exciting discoveries represent a step-change in our understanding of the role of chromatin (dys)regulation in development and disease. However, the mechanisms of action of oncogenic histone mutations (oncohistones) remain only partially understood. Here, we critically assess existing literature on oncohistones focussing mainly on bone neoplasms. We show how it is possible to draw parallels with some of the cell-autonomous mechanisms of action described in paediatric brain cancer, although the functions of oncohistones in bone tumours remain under-investigated. In this respect, it is becoming clear that histone mutations targeting the same residues display, at least in part, tissue-specific oncogenic mechanisms. Furthermore, it is emerging that cancer cells carrying oncohistones can modify the surrounding microenvironment to support growth and/or alter differentiation trajectories. A better understanding of oncohistone function in different neoplasms provide potential for identification of signalling that could be targeted therapeutically. Finally, we discuss some of the main concepts and future directions in this research area, while also drawing possible connections and parallels with other cancer epigenetic mechanisms.
Smoking cessation and vascular endothelial function
Authors: Higashi Yukihito 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSmoking is associated with vascular endothelial dysfunction. It is thought that smoking impairs vascular endothelial function through a decrease in nitric oxide bioavailability induced by activation of oxidative stress and inflammation. Endothelial dysfunction can be improved or augmented by appropriate interventions including pharmacotherapy, administration of supplements and lifestyle modifications. Although there have not been many studies, the effects of smoking cessation on endothelial function have been shown. In those studies, it was shown that smoking cessation does not always have a positive effect on vascular endothelial function. In this review, I will focus on the role of smoking in endothelial function and the effects of smoking cessation on endothelial function.
Precise identification of cell states altered in disease using healthy single-cell references
Authors: Dann Emma , Cujba Ana-Maria , Oliver Amanda J. , Meyer Kerstin B. , Teichmann Sarah A. , Marioni John C. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractJoint analysis of single-cell genomics data from diseased tissues and a healthy reference can reveal altered cell states. We investigate whether integrated collections of data from healthy individuals (cell atlases) are suitable references for disease-state identification and whether matched control samples are needed to minimize false discoveries. We demonstrate that using a reference atlas for latent space learning followed by differential analysis against matched controls leads to improved identification of disease-associated cells, especially with multiple perturbed cell types. Additionally, when an atlas is available, reducing control sample numbers does not increase false discovery rates. Jointly analyzing data from a COVID-19 cohort and a blood cell atlas, we improve detection of infection-related cell states linked to distinct clinical severities. Similarly, we studied disease states in pulmonary fibrosis using a healthy lung atlas, characterizing two distinct aberrant basal states. Our analysis provides guidelines for designing disease cohort studies and optimizing cell atlas use.
Biological investigations of Aspergillus ficuum via in vivo, in vitro and in silico analyses
Authors: Shah Zafar Ali , Khan Khalid , Shah Tanzeel , Ahmad Nasir , Muhammad Akhtar , Rashid Haroon ur 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSerious human health impacts have been observed worldwide due to several life-threatening diseases such as cancer, candidiasis, hepatic coma, and gastritis etc. Exploration of nature for the treatment of such fatal diseases is an area of immense interest for the scientific community. Based on this idea, the genus Aspergillus was selected to discover its hidden therapeutic potential. The genus Aspergillus is known to possess several biologically active compounds. The current research aimed to assess the biological and pharmacological potency of the extracts of less-studied Aspergillus ficuum (FCBP-DNA-1266) (A. ficuum) employing experimental and bioinformatics approaches. The disc diffusion method was used for the antifungal investigation, and the MTT assay was performed to assess the anticancer effects. Mice were employed as an in vivo model to evaluate the antispasmodic effects. A standard spectrophotometric technique was applied to gauge the urease inhibitory activity. The antifungal studies indicate that both n-hexane and ethyl acetate extracts were significantly active against Candida albicans (C. albicans) with their zone of inhibitions (ZOI) values reported as 19 ± 1.06 mm and 25 ± 0.55 mm, respectively at a dose of 30 µg.mL−1. In vitro cytotoxicity assay against HeLa, fibroblast 3T3, prostate PC3, and breast MCF-7 cancer cell lines was performed. The ethyl acetate extract of A. ficuum was found to be significantly active against MCF-7 with its IC50 value of 43.88 µg.mL−1. However, no substantial effects on the percent cell death of HeLa cancer cell lines were observed. In addition, the A. ficuum extracts also inhibited the urease enzyme compared to standard thiourea. The antispasmodic activity of A. ficuum extract was assessed by an in vivo model and the results demonstrated promising activity at 150 mg.kg−1. Molecular docking results also supported the antifungal, anticancer, and antiurease potency of A. ficuum extract. Overall, the results display promising aspects of A. ficuum extract as a future pharmacological source.
Prognostic impact of the cross-sectional area of the erector spinae muscle in patients with pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis
Authors: Kitahara Shinsuke , Abe Mitsuhiro , Kono Chiyoko , Sakuma Noriko , Ishii Daisuke , Kawasaki Takeshi , Ikari Jun , Suzuki Takuji 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis (PPFE) progresses slowly but sometimes relatively quickly, leading to decreased activities of daily living (ADL) and muscle weakness. Skeletal muscle atrophy and muscle weakness in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients may be caused by cachexia and are associated with reduced ADLs and increased risk of death. However, the association between skeletal muscle mass and the prognosis of PPFE patients remains unknown. We retrospectively analysed the clinical significance of the cross-sectional area of the erector spinae muscle (ESMCSA), a skeletal muscle index, and predictors of mortality within 3 years in PPFE 51 patients, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) 52 patients and COPD 62 patients. PPFE patients had significantly lower ESMCSA than IPF or COPD patients, and lower ESMCSA (< 22.57 cm2) was associated with prognosis within 3 years (log-rank test; p = 0.006), whereas lower body mass index (BMI) showed no association. Multivariate analysis showed that ESMCSA was an independent predictor of mortality within 3 years in PPFE patients (hazard ratio, 0.854; 95% confidence interval: 0.737–0.990, p = 0.036). These results suggest the importance of monitoring ESMCSA in PPFE patients and that assessing ESMCSA in PPFE patients could be a more useful prognostic indicator than BMI.
Rare antibody phage isolation and discrimination (RAPID) biopanning enables identification of high-affinity antibodies against challenging targets
Authors: Chung Dong hee , Kong Sophie , Young Nicholas J. , Chuo Shih-Wei , Shiah Jamie V. , Connelly Emily J. , Rohweder Peter J. , Born Alexandra , Manglik Aashish , Grandis Jennifer R. , Johnson Daniel E. , Craik Charles S. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn vitro biopanning platforms using synthetic phage display antibody libraries have enabled the identification of antibodies against antigens that were once thought to be beyond the scope of immunization. Applying these methods against challenging targets remains a critical challenge. Here, we present a new biopanning pipeline, RAPID (Rare Antibody Phage Isolation and Discrimination), for the identification of rare high-affinity antibodies against challenging targets. RAPID biopanning uses fluorescent labeled phage displayed fragment antigen-binding (Fab) antibody libraries for the isolation of high-affinity binders with fluorescent activated sorting. Subsequently, discriminatory hit screening is performed with a biolayer interferometry (BLI) method, BIAS (Biolayer Interferometry Antibody Screen), where candidate binders are ranked and prioritized according to their estimated kinetic off rates. Previously reported antibodies were used to develop the methodology, and the RAPID biopanning pipeline was applied to three challenging targets (CHIP, Gαq, and CS3D), enabling the identification of high-affinity antibodies.
Regulation of fungal raw-starch-degrading enzyme production depends on transcription factor phosphorylation and recruitment of the Mediator complex
Authors: Ning Yuan-Ni , Tian Di , Tan Man-Li , Luo Xue-Mei , Zhao Shuai , Feng Jia-Xun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFilamentous fungus can produce raw-starch-degrading enzyme (RSDE) that efficiently degrades raw starch below starch gelatinization temperature. Employment of RSDE in starch processing can save energy. A key putative transcription factor PoxRsrA (production of raw-starch-degrading enzyme regulation in Penicilliumoxalicum) was identified to regulate RSDE production in P. oxalicum; however, its regulatory mechanism remains unclear. Here we show that PoxRsrA1434–1730 was the transcriptional activation domain, with essential residues, D1508, W1509 and M1510. SANT (SWI3, ADA2, N-CoR and TFIIIB)-like domain 1 (SANT1) bound to DNA at the sequence 5′-RHCDDGGD-3′ in the promoter regions of genes encoding major amylases, with an essential residue, R866. SANT2 interacted with a putative 3-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA hydrolase, which suppressed phosphorylation at tyrosines Y1127 and Y1170 of PoxRsrA901–1360, thereby inhibiting RSDE biosynthesis. PoxRsrA1135–1439 regulated mycelial sporulation by interacting with Mediator subunit Med6, whereas PoxRsrA1440–1794 regulated RSDE biosynthesis by binding to Med31. Overexpression of PoxRsrA increased sporulation and RSDE production. These findings provide insights into the regulatory mechanisms of fungal RSDE biosynthesis.
Nutrient yields from global capture fisheries could be sustainably doubled through improved utilization and management
Authors: Cardinaals Renée P. M. , Simon Wolfram J. , Ziegler Friederike , Wiegertjes Geert F. , van der Meer Jaap , van Zanten Hannah H. E. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe global food system is facing the challenge of producing sufficient nutrients to accommodate future demands within planetary boundaries, while reducing malnutrition. Although nutrient-rich seafood can play a prominent role in resolving this challenge, seafood from capture fisheries is currently partly wasted. Here we quantified the nutrient contribution from capture fisheries through a hypothetical scenario that assumed all captured seafood and byproducts from seafood processing would be used for human consumption. Our simulations show that available seafood per capita can be doubled without increasing the pressure on global fisheries when all reported, illegal, and discarded capture is used as food, complemented with processing byproducts. In such a scenario, seafood contributes greatly to daily nutrient requirements – e.g., omega-3 can be fully met. Although uncertainty should be considered, these results indicate that putting the whole fish on the table can increase nutrient availability from capture fisheries substantially and sustainably.
Geographic redistribution of microcystin hotspots in response to climate warming
Authors: Merder Julian , Harris Ted , Zhao Gang , Stasinopoulos Dimitrios M. , Rigby Robert A. , Michalak Anna M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHigh concentrations of cyanobacterial toxins such as microcystin represent a global challenge to water quality in lakes, threatening health, economies and ecosystem stability. Lakes are sentinels of climate change but how warming will affect microcystin concentrations is still unclear. Here we examine how warming impacts the probability of exceeding microcystin water quality thresholds across 2,804 lakes in the United States and show how future warming will alter these probabilities. We find that higher temperatures consistently increase the likelihood of microcystin occurrence but that the probability of microcystin concentrations above water quality thresholds is highest for water temperatures between 20 and 25 °C. Regions with temperatures that promote microcystin will shift to higher latitudes in the coming decades, leading to relative changes in exceedance probabilities of more than 50% in many basins of the United States. High nitrogen concentrations amplify the impact of rising temperatures, calling for increased awareness of a substantial hazard to ecosystems and human health under global warming.
Framework for sustainable building design and construction using off-cut wood
Authors: Yu Boyuan , Luo Jianing , Shi Yi , Zhao Mingming , Fingrut Adam , Zhang Lei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIrregularly shaped wood created as waste from construction is considered challenging to reuse because of its complicated geometry and a lack of well-defined design methods. Here, we propose a sustainable building design and construction framework as a systematic methodology for upcycling irregular off-cut wood into new components. This framework consists of repeatable steps, as follows: a. material reclamation system: 3D scanning is employed as the main technical method to record a material’s 3D information and material-specific parameters and create a database; b. structural generation and assessment system: material screening, voxel-based filling, and structure generation based on finite element analysis to employed to assess the generated results prior to construction to optimize the final structure. Using furniture, building components, and installations/buildings, we verify the use of this framework for material recycling and generative design and construction.