bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The client and family experience of attending a nurse-led clinic for chronic wounds
Authors: Dhar Anusuya , Needham Judith , Gibb Michelle , Coyne Elisabeth 
Published: November 2023

Background The quality of life for individuals with chronic wounds is diminished due to poor health-related outcomes and the financial burden of wound care. The literature has shown nurse-led wound care to have a positive impact on wound healing and psychosocial wellbeing. However, there is minimal research investigating the lived experience of attending a nurse-led clinic for chronic wounds. The purpose of this study was to explore the client and family experience of attending a nurse-led clinic for chronic wounds. Methods Qualitative descriptive study. Semi-structured telephone interviews were transcribed verbatim and thematic analysis was undertaken. Results Twelve clients and two family members participated, and the average length of interviews was 20 min. Three main themes emerged: (1) expecting and managing pain; (2) receiving expert advice and reflecting on previous care; and (3) managing the cost of care. There was an emphasis on the impact of chronic wounds on pain and the ability to complete the activities of daily living. Expert advice, client satisfaction and physical accessibility were highlighted as benefits of the clinic. Cost and minimal client education were identified as challenges of the clinic. Conclusions The findings demonstrated that chronic wounds have a significant impact on the client and family attending the nurse-led clinic. Comprehensive pain assessment, improved social support, better client education and cost-effective care is required to optimise the experience for people attending the nurse-led clinic.
Perspective of medical undergraduates in India towards the LGBTQIA+ population: a short insight into changes in the medical curriculum
Authors: Roy Asitava Deb , Pramanik Parijat , Chatterjee Anirban , Barik Sitanshu 
Published: November 2023

Background Understanding the attitudes of medical students towards individuals from the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, questioning, intersex and asexual (LGBTQIA+) community is a prerequisite for informing competencies-based medical education (CBME) guidelines to make them LGBTQIA+ inclusive. The present study was conducted to assess the attitudes of medical undergraduate students from Indian medical colleges towards the LGBTQIA+ community. Methods An online cross-sectional survey was conducted in medical undergraduate students across India, which measured the opinions, beliefs, and acceptance of LGBTQIA+ people using a structured questionnaire uploaded on Google Forms. After data collection, the datasheet was downloaded, cleaned, and anonymised before being imported into RStudio for analysis. Results A total of 273 valid entries were assessed from the online survey. There was significant gender-based differences on most traditional opinions and beliefs regarding the LGBTQIA+ population (P < 0.05). The female participants appeared to be more accepting of and comfortable with all denominations of LGBTQIA+. Many of the participants believed that members of the LGBTQIA+ community are more prone to sexually transmitted diseases, especially HIV/AIDS. However, a few participants also opined that the increased susceptibility to HIV/AIDS may be due to increased prevalence of intravenous drug abuse in the LGBTQIA+ community. Conclusions There are some misconceptions about the LGBTQIA+ community among medical students. Therefore, in order to ensure LGBTQIA+ sensitive healthcare provision, there needs to be a concerted, informed effort to incorporate necessary changes in the CBME curriculum.
The AIRN lncRNA is imprinted and paternally expressed in pigs
Authors: Ahn Jinsoo , Hwang In-Sul , Park Mi-Ryung , Hwang Seongsoo , Cho In-Cheol , Lee Kichoon 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Genomic imprinting plays critical roles during the development of mammalian species and underlying epigenetic mechanisms frequently involve long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). The paternal transcription of the antisense Igf2r RNA noncoding (Airn) is responsible for paternal silencing of the mouse insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor (Igf2r) gene and maternal Igf2r expression. Although the corresponding maternal DNA methylation imprint is conserved in humans and pigs, the orthologous AIRN lncRNA has been identified in humans but not in pigs. Here, we aimed to examine imprinted allelic expression of the porcine AIRN lncRNA along with a corresponding differentially methylated region (DMR) and to analyze allelic expression of AIRN and IGF2R in pigs. By comparing parthenogenetic and control porcine embryos, we identified a maternally methylated DMR and a significantly higher expression of AIRN lncRNA in control embryos (P &lt; 0.05) indicating its paternal expression. Further analyses revealed that the expression of AIRN lncRNA was enriched in the pig brain and its subregions, and it was monoallelically expressed; whereas, IGF2R was expressed biallelically suggesting an absence of allele-specific transcriptional regulation. Our findings will lead to further investigations into the role of the imprinted porcine AIRN lncRNA during pig development.
Implementation of an Mpox Vaccination Program at a Large Sexual Health Clinic in the Bronx—Lessons in Vaccine Equity
Authors: Irshad Usama , Bishop Derek , Mullis Caroline , Toro Justin , Zingman Barry S , Meyerowitz Eric A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Mpox caused a global outbreak in 2022. Among 249 people who received mpox vaccination at a sexual health clinic in the Bronx, New York, those with private vs public insurance were more likely to complete the series. No mpox cases were seen during follow-up at a median 121 days (IQR, 97–139).
Occupational health services for small-scale industries
Authors: B.R. Reverente Jun 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The rapid rate of industrialization in developing countries has brought a wave of new occupational health problems to workers. These problems are particularly more acute in the emerging industrialized nations of east Asia and some others in Latin America. Jeyaratnam (1984) recognized the fact that developing countries are a disparate group of nations, geographically scattered, and with diverse cultural heritages in various stages of development. Owing to this lack of homogeneity, it is extremely difficult to review and report accurately on occupational health conditions in all the developing countries.
Campylobacteriosis
Authors: Skirrow M B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The only form of campylobacteriosis of major public health importance is Campylobacter enteritis due to Campylobacter jejuni and C. coll It is the most frequently identified form of infective diarrhoea in industrialized countries, with incidences in the region of 1 per cent per year. It causes economic losses amounting to many millions of pounds annually. Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli inhabit the intestinal tracts of wild birds and domestic animals. Poultry, in particular, become heavily colonized, and most broiler chickens sold in shops are contaminated. Red meats and offal are contaminated to a lesser degree. Human infection, which is mostly sporadic, may be acquired directly from animals or their products, by eating their meat raw or undercooked, or by eating foods that have become crosscontaminated from the raw product. Raw milk and contaminated water are sources that have given rise to major outbreaks of infection. Prevention depends on controlling infection in food-producing animals, especially poultry, reducing contamination during slaughter and processing, and correctly handling the raw products during food preparation. Education of the public on the basic principles of hygiene and safe food handling is an important adjunct.
Chlamydiosis
Authors: Caul E 0. , Sillis M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Chlamydiosis is a systemic, bacterial zoonotic disease associated with significant mortality if untreated. The clinical manifestations are diverse. The causative agent is Chlamydia psittaci, an intracytoplasmic obligate ‘energy’ parasite. It has a unique, complex developmental cycle involving the infectious elementary body and the vegetative, non-infectious reticulate body. Human chlamydiosis occurs worldwide, mainly affecting persons exposed to infected psittacine and other birds, especially ducks, turkeys, and pigeons, and less commonly to animals, particularly sheep. Outbreaks occur amongst aviary workers, poultry processing workers, and veterinarians.
Verocytotoxin-Producing Escherichia Coli Vtec) Infections
Authors: Nelson S , Clarke, R C , Karmali M A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Verocytotoxin (VT)-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) infection is associated with a distinct illness, the clinical spectrum of which includes non-specific diarrhoea, haemorrhagic colitis, and the haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS). HUS is the leading cause of acute renal failure in children.
Lyme Disease
Authors: White Dennis J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Lyme disease is caused by infection with the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi and is transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected tick of the Ixodes ricinus complex, especially lx. scapularis, lx. pacificus, lx. ricinus and lx. persulcatus. Borrelia burgdorferi infection is acquired by immature Ixodes ricinus complex ticks, from infected small mammal reservoirs, a cycle responsible for the maintenance of this disease in nature. Prolonged feeding of infected nymphal, or occasionally adult, ticks on a human, can result in disease.
Epidfmic And Murine Typhus
Authors: Sexton D J , Brcit.schwerdt E B , ti, I Bea , Raoult D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Typhus group rickettsiae produce three distinct clinical illnesses: epidemic typhus, a louse-borne disease caused by Rickettsia prowazekii} scrub typhus, a chigger- borne disease caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi} and murine typhus, a flea-borne disease caused by Rickettsia typhi. All three pathogens typically cause an acute illness with skin rash, headache, myalgias, fever, and chills. Epidemic typhus may relapse after apparent recovery, even 30 years or more after primary infection, resulting in an illness known as Brill-Zinsser disease.
Scrub Typhus
Authors: Beati Lorenza , Raoult Didier , Sexton, Daniel J , Breitschwerdt Edward 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The presence of tsutsugamushi disease and its association with chigger bites has been recognized by some of the native populations of Japan and China for centuries. The term ‘akamushi’, the origin of the Japanese name for this rickettsiosis, means ‘red chigger’. Rural residents of these countries often knew that the best way to avoid being infected was to avoid areas infested by these arthropods (Weiss 1981; Walker 1991). Early Chinese and Japanese investigators suspected that the illness was related to small mites.
Yersiniosis And Plague
Authors: Butler Thomas 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The discoveries of Y. enterocolitica and F. pseudotuberculosis were not attended by the same excitement and drama as the discovery of Y. pestis, and Alexandre Yersin certainly had nothing to do with characterizing these species. Human infection by Y. enterocolitica was first reported in 1939 by Schleifstein and Coleman. It was then called Bacterium entero colit icum but was renamed Pasteurella X by Daniels and Goudzwaard in 1963 and finally was grouped in the genus Yersinia by Frederiksen in 1964.
Mosquito-Borne Arboviruses
Authors: Leake Colin J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Human infections caused by mosquito-borne arboviruses range from numerous inapparent infections, through non-fatal but debilitating fevers, to life-threatening severe haemorrhagic complications and shock, or acute encephalitis with high mortality and serious neurological after-effects in survivors. Similarly, frequent inapparent infections occur in animals, with overt disease ranging to the severe end of the scale, with haemorrhage, encephalitis, abortion, and birth defects as principal symptoms.
Rift Valley Fever
Authors: Swanepoel R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Rift Valley fever (RVF) is an acute disease of domestic ruminants in mainland Africa and Madagascar, caused by a mosquito-borne virus and characterized by necrotic hepatitis and a haemorrhagic state. Large outbreaks of the disease in sheep, cattle and goats occur at irregular intervals of several years when exceptionally heavy rains favour the breeding of the mosquito vectors, and are distinguished by heavy mortality among newborn animals and abortion in pregnant animals. Humans become infected from contact with tissues of infected animals or from mosquito bite, and usually develop mild to moderately severe febrile illness, but severe complications, which occur in a small proportion of patients, include ocular sequelae, encephalitis, and fatal haemorrhagic disease. Modified live and inactivated vaccines are available for use in livestock, and an inactivated vaccine is made available on an experimental basis for use in humans with regular occupational exposure to infection.
African Trypanosomosis
Authors: Gibson W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The African trypanosomoses are diseases of both man and his livestock. There are two forms of human trypanosomosis or sleeping sickness: Gambian or Rhodesian sleeping sickness, roughly corresponding to a West/Central or East African distribution respectively. Gambian sleeping sickness runs a more protracted and chronic course than the Rhodesian form; nevertheless, human trypanosomosis is invariably fatal if not treated. Animal reservoir hosts, both wild and domestic, assume greater importance for Rhodesian sleeping sickness than Gambian sleeping sickness, and the former is often an occupational hazard of those working in wildlife areas, e.g. hunters. Animal trypanosomosis transmitted by tsetse is generally referred to as Nagana..
Blastocystiosis
Authors: Boreham Peter F L , Stenzel Deborah J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Blastocystis is a poorly investigated member of the Protista and there are large gaps in our knowledge of all aspects of the parasite and the disease which it is reputed to cause. Vague gastrointestinal symptoms have been associated with infection but none of the putative symptoms are pathognomonic of the infection. There is debate as to whether Blastocystis is a zoonosis and can be acquired by humans from animals. Parasites morphologically similar to the human parasite are found in a wide range of animals and this led Garavelli and Scaglione (1989) to suggest that B. hominis is a zoonotic infection. The only data to support this conclusion are in a study by Doyle et al. (1990), which reported that 44 per cent of 121 patients infected with B. hominis had a history of exposure to domestic or farm animals. Only in the past few years has it been possible to suggest the life cycle for this organism based on detailed ultrastructural observations. The parasite is widespread in humans, other mammals, birds, and reptiles, but to date there have been few studies to determine whether this represents one or more species. The organism is most probably transmitted by faecal contamination, with the recently described cyst form as the infective agent.
Trichostrongylidosis
Authors: Nolan T J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Trichostrongylidosis is an infection involving nematodes of the superfamily Trichostrongyloidea, mainly those of the genus Trichostrongylus. Infections are usually asymptomatic, but when heavy a variety of gastrointestinal symptoms, including abdominal pain and diarrhoea, can be present. Infections are initiated by the ingestion of third-stage larvae. There is no parenteral migration and the adults are usually found in the mucosa of the duodenum. Eggs pass out with the faeces, hatch in about 1 day and the larvae develop to the infective stage in 2 or 3 days. Human infections with Trichostrongylus spp. have been reported worldwide, and are particularly common in southern Asia. Infections respond well to anthelminitics and periodic dosing of livestock is the chief method of control.
Histoplasmosis
Authors: Clinkenbeard K D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The dimorphic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum is a facultative intracellular pathogen of the mononuclear phagocytic system of human beings and animals and causes disease with high morbidity but low mortality. Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum is a saprophytic soil fungus of temperate climates, particularly North America. High levels of soil contamination with Histoplasma organisms is associated with bird roosting areas and bat-infested caves. Infection is by inhalation of microconidia or mycelial fragments resulting in a clinically inapparent pulmonary infection or a transient ‘flu-like’ pneumonitis. More severe disseminated histoplasmosis can be a sequela to pulmonary histoplasmosis in immunocompromised hosts or from high exposure to Histoplasma organisms.
Ringworm (Dermatophytosis)
Authors: Sparkes A H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Ringworm or dermatophytosis is an infection of the keratinized tissues (stratum corneum, hair, or nails) with a fungus from the Epidermophyton, Microsporum, or Trichophyton genera. Around 40 indivdual dermatophyte species are recognized and classified as antropo- philic, zoophilic, or geophilic, depending on their major reservoir in nature (humans, animals, and soil, respectively). Zoophilic dermatophytes may result in zoonoses when humans are exposed to these organisms, and dermatophytosis is considered to be one of the most common zoonotic diseases.
Introduction
Authors: Gildea Robert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This is a concise study of French national identity, culture, obsessions, and aspirations since the end of the Second World War. The starting point of 1945 is no doubt of less significance in French history than 1944, the year of the Liberation of France from German Occupation, or 1946, date of the constitution of the Fourth Republic. Neither does the period form a bloc: it has seen two republics, a period of economic growth followed by one of economic stagnation, the recovery of great-power status, but also a loss of national confidence. It may also be argued that these have not been the most exciting years of French history: no European wars, no revolutions. Wars of course there have been, notably the Algerian war of 1954-62, while the events of May June 1968 may be considered France’s last great revolution. But it has been a period of immense challenges for the French: constructing a new European order, building a modern economy, searching for a stable political system. It has also been one of anxiety and doubt. The French have had to come to terms with the legacy of the German·Occupation, with the loss of Empire, with the influx of foreign immigrants, with the rise of Islam, with the destruction of traditional rural life, with the threat of AngloAmerican culture to French language and civilization.
Crisis in the State
Authors: Gildea Robert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 1944 there was a revolutionary situation in France. It was the likeliest opportunity for a Communist seizure of power that the country had seen or would ever see. The German army of occupation was in retreat. The Vichy authorities that had been propped up by it were discredited and in collapse. The French Committee of National Liberation, which became the provisional government only just before the Normandy landings, was based in Algiers with a provisional Consultative Assembly, and had yet to assert its control in metropolitan France. The key presence on the ground were the combined forces of the Resistance, the Forces Françaises de l’Intérieur (French Forces of the Interior, or FFls), backed up by milices patriotiques of citizens mobilized for national insurrection.
Thirty Glorious, Twenty-five Inglorious Years
Authors: Gildea Robert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 1979 Jean Fourastié, a former official of the economic planning agency, the Commissariat Général au Plan, published a book entitled Les Trente glorieuses ou la Révolution invisible. The thirty glorious years, by analogy with the three glorious days of the July Revolution of 1830, were those of unparalleled growth and prosperity in France after the Second World War. He began by describing two villages, one backward and one developed, only to reveal that they were two snapshots of the same village, one in 1946, the other in 1975. He then set out a few eloquent statistics to highlight the changes in France as a whole between 1946 and 1975. The population grew from 40.5 million to 52.6 million, and · average life expectancy rose from 62 to 69 for men and from 67 to 77 for women. The proportion of those employed in agriculture fell from 36 to IO per cent of the working population, while that employed in industry rose from 32 to 39 per cent and that employed in the service sector grew from 32 to 5I per cent. The standard of living measured in income per head of population increased (for a baseline of roo in 1939) from 125 to 320, and the number of private cars in circulation rose from one million to over 15 million.
The One and Indivisible Republic?
Authors: Gildea Robert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There were four cardinal principles of the French Republic. The first was that education was universal, secular, compulsory, and free, providing both a uniform education for all future citizens and an equality of opportunity that opened careers to talent alone. The second was that all citizens were equal under the law, and that the law dealt equitably with all, whatever their class, race, or gender. The third was that France was a centralized, unitary state and One and Indivisible Republic, in which the laws made by a single legislature, articulating the will of the sovereign people, were applied equally in all parts of France. The fourth was that the French were not, like the Germans, a Volk, bound together by ties of blood, but a body of citizens who had come together at the French Revolution to establish a new social contract that would guarantee the rights of man and the citizen, found out by reason.
These principles of equality were the founding myths of the Republic. They were powerful and persuasive, defined the content and parameters of French political discourse, and made the questioning of those principles extremely difficult. In fact they disguised, and were intended to disguise, radical inequalities.
Cultural Revolutions
Authors: Gildea Robert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The French have always prided themselves as a nation on their intelligence. Their education system, as we have seen, makes a virtue of intellectual elitism. Professions such as teaching, lecturing, the liberal professions, advertising, journalism, and careers in the arts are known as ‘intellectual professions’. Certain writers, artists, or academics with a wider role of criticism and moral leadership in society, known as ‘intellectuals’ since the Dreyfus Affair, have been the objects of public reverence and national pride. But France has also experienced the development of a mass culture in the fields of cinema, television, reading matter, and music. Often American in origin, it has threatened to destroy art and literature and French art and literature in particular, replacing it by a homogeneous culture accessible to all, irrespective of differences in levels of education. In response to this the French state has developed a cultural policy in order to confront mass culture, intended to democratize high culture and defend French culture. These three elements—the rise and fall of the French intellectual, the challenge of mass culture, and the response of official policy—and the tensions between them form the substance of this chapter.