bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sounds boring: the causal effect of boredom on self-administration of aversive stimuli in the presence of a positive alternative
Authors: Yusoufzai Morsal Khouwaga , Nederkoorn Chantal , Lobbestael Jill , Vancleef Linda 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPrevious studies demonstrated that boredom leads to increased self-administration of painful electric stimulation, a proxy for non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). However, in these experimental studies, participants had no behavioral alternatives besides electric stimulation to break the monotony. A first aim in the current experimental study was to examine whether boredom still leads to self-administering aversive stimuli when positive behavioral alternatives are present. This boredom effect was furthermore compared to an anger induction. The second aim was to examine whether history of NSSI and negative urgency (i.e., the tendency to engage in impulsive action in response to negative emotions) positively moderate the link between boredom and self-administered aversive stimuli. In a between-subjects design using college students (N = 129), participants were randomly assigned to one of three emotion induction writing tasks (i.e., boredom, anger, neutral), during which frequency of self-administered positive (chirping birds) and aversive (screaming pig) sounds was measured. The latter was used as a proxy for NSSI behavior. Results showed that boredom led to increased selection of aversive sounds compared to the neutral and anger conditions, despite the presence of a positive alternative (i.e., positive sounds). No difference in frequency of selecting the aversive sounds was observed between the anger and neutral condition. Neither history of NSSI nor negative urgency moderated the effect of condition on self-administered aversive stimuli. The current results tentatively support a causal and specific link between boredom and NSSI, and warrant further examination of the role of boredom in maladaptive behaviors such as NSSI.
Time Series Prediction of ESN Based on Chebyshev Mapping and Strongly Connected Topology
Authors: Xie Minzhi , Wang Qianxue , Yu Simin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis paper introduces a novel approach called Chebyshev mapping and strongly connected topology for optimization of echo state network (ESN). To enhance the predictive performance of ESNs for time series data, Chebyshev mapping is employed to optimize the irregular input weight matrix. And the reservoir of the ESN is also replaced using an adjacency matrix derived from a digital chaotic system, resulting in a reservoir with strong connectivity properties. Numerical experiments are conducted on various time series datasets, including the Mackey–Glass time series, Lorenz time series and solar sunspot numbers, validating the effectiveness of the proposed optimization methods. Compared with the traditional ESNs, the optimization method proposed in this paper has higher predictive performance, and effectively reduce the reservoir’s size and model complexity.
On the non-global linear stability and spurious fixed points of MPRK schemes with negative RK parameters
Authors: Izgin Thomas , Kopecz Stefan , Meister Andreas , Schilling Amandine 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRecently, a stability theory has been developed to study the linear stability of modified Patankar–Runge–Kutta (MPRK) schemes. This stability theory provides sufficient conditions for a fixed point of an MPRK scheme to be stable as well as for the convergence of an MPRK scheme towards the steady state of the corresponding initial value problem, whereas the main assumption is that the initial value is sufficiently close to the steady state. Initially, numerical experiments in several publications indicated that these linear stability properties are not only local but even global, as is the case for general linear methods. Recently, however, it was discovered that the linear stability of the MPDeC(8) scheme is indeed only local in nature. Our conjecture is that this is a result of negative Runge–Kutta (RK) parameters of MPDeC(8) and that linear stability is indeed global if the RK parameters are nonnegative. To support this conjecture, we examine the family of MPRK22($$\varvec{\alpha }$$

α

) methods with negative RK parameters and show that even among these methods there are methods for which the stability properties are only local. However, this local linear stability is not observed for MPRK22($$\alpha $$
α
) schemes with nonnegative Runge–Kutta parameters. In particular, it is shown that MPRK22($$\alpha $$
α
) schemes with $$0<\alpha <0.5$$

0
<
α
<
0.5

or $$-0.5<\alpha <0$$

-
0.5
<
α
<
0

are only stable if the time step size is sufficiently small. But schemes with $$\alpha \le -0.5$$

α
≤
-
0.5

are stable and converge towards the steady state of the initial value problems for all time step sizes, at least for the test problem under consideration. Furthermore, it is shown that for some of the latter systems, the initial values must actually be close enough to the steady state to guarantee this result.
Root anatomy and biomechanical properties: improving predictions through root cortical and stele properties
Authors: Meijer G. J. , Lynch J. P. , Chimungu J. G. , Loades K. W. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Quantifying the stability of individual plants or their contribution to soil reinforcement against erosion or landslides requires an understanding of the tensile properties of their roots. This work developed a new analytical model to understand the tensile stress–strain behaviour of a single root axis, which is the first to incorporating root anatomical features, in order to reduce the existing uncertainty in predictions.

Methods
The root was modelled as a linear elastic stele connected to a surrounding linear elastic cortex by means of a linear elastic stele–cortex interface. By solving for force equilibrium, an analytical solution for the full tensile stress–strain behaviour — including any intermediate brittle failures of the stele, cortex and/or interface — was obtained. This model was compared to tensile tests and laser ablation tomography for maize roots.

Results
The new modelling approach demonstrated that the root tensile strength is fully determined by the strength of the stele alone, which was an order of magnitude larger than that of the cortex while also 3–4 times stiffer. The reduction in root stiffness beyond the yield point was linked to continuing fracturing of the cortex and debonding along the stele–cortex interface. A larger proportion of the variation in experimentally measured biomechanical characteristics could be explained compared to root diameter power-law fitting methods typically applied in the literature.

Conclusion
Stele and cortex biomechanical properties are substantially different, affecting the tensile behaviour of plant roots. Accounting for these anatomical traits increased the accuracy root biomechanical properties from tensile tests.
A deflationary approach to legal ontology
Authors: Garcia-Godinez Miguel 
Published: February 2024

AbstractContra recent, inflationary views, the paper submits a deflationary approach to legal ontology. It argues, in particular, that to answer ontological questions about legal entities, we only need conceptual analysis and empirical investigation. In developing this proposal, it follows Amie Thomasson’s ‘easy ontology’ and her strategy for answering whether ordinary objects exist. The purpose of this is to advance a theory that, on the one hand, does not fall prey to sceptical views about legal reality (viz., that ontological truths about legal entities are established by metaphysical principles); and, on the other, is compatible with common-sense jurisprudence (viz., that there in fact exist legal entities, and they all have important practical implications). While this methodology is common to legal philosophers interested in elucidating the ‘artifactual nature’ of law, the paper departs from their projects by taking a step forward in connecting this deflationary approach to legal ontology with an expressivist account of legal discourse, thus providing enough resources to satisfy the general ambition of jurisprudence, viz., to establish the conditions for the analysis of legal reality and its normative character.
The co-determination decision game with consumption externalities
Authors: Gori Luca , Fanti Luciano 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis work aims to investigate the effects of co-determination in a game-theoretic setting by considering network externalities in consumption. The received theoretical literature, so far focused only on standard (non-network) industries, showed that co-determination might emerge as the sub-game perfect Nash equilibrium (SPNE) of a non-cooperative Cournot duopoly, but this outcome generates a prisoner’s dilemma. The present research shows that (positive) network externalities may solve the prisoner’s dilemma and let co-determination become a Pareto-efficient SPNE with homogeneous or heterogeneous products. In a network industry, co-determination becomes a Pareto-superior institution for society, as firms, consumers and workers are better off than under profit maximisation. These results hold for exogenous (homogeneous and heterogeneous) co-determination and endogenous co-determination.
Internal erosion of a gap-graded soil and influences on the critical state
Authors: Li Shijin , Russell Adrian R. , Muir Wood David 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWater retaining structures are critical elements of civil infrastructure. Internal erosion of soils forming the containment structures may occur progressively and lead to expensive maintenance costs or failures. The strength, stress–strain behavior and critical state of soils which have eroded, as well as the characteristics of the erosion, may be affected by hydraulic gradient, confining stress and relative density of the soil at the start of the erosion. Here, erosion and triaxial tests have been conducted on gap-graded soil samples. The tests and results are novel as the samples were prepared to be homogenous post-erosion and prior to triaxial testing by adopting a new sample formation procedure. The post-erosion homogeneity was evaluated in terms of particle size distribution and void ratio along a sample’s length. The erosion-induced mechanical property changes can then be linked to a measure of initial state, more reliably than when erosion causes samples to be heterogeneous. The results show that erosion causes the critical state line in the compression plane to move upwards. The movement is lesser than the increase in void ratio caused by erosion. The state parameter is therefore reduced, consistent with the soil’s reduced peak strength and its less dilative response. Regarding the erosion characteristics, the flow rate decreases with the increase in initial relative density or effective stress, but increases with the increase in the hydraulic gradient being applied. The cumulative eroded soil mass increases with the increase in hydraulic gradient and decreases with the increase in initial density and effective confining stress.
Deep learning-accelerated image reconstruction in back pain-MRI imaging: reduction of acquisition time and improvement of image quality
Authors: Estler Arne , Hauser Till-Karsten , Brunnée Merle , Zerweck Leonie , Richter Vivien , Knoppik Jessica , Örgel Anja , Bürkle Eva , Adib Sasan Darius , Hengel Holger , Nikolaou Konstantin , Ernemann Ulrike , Gohla Georg 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Low back pain is a global health issue causing disability and missed work days. Commonly used MRI scans including T1-weighted and T2-weighted images provide detailed information of the spine and surrounding tissues. Artificial intelligence showed promise in improving image quality and simultaneously reducing scan time. This study evaluates the performance of deep learning (DL)-based T2 turbo spin-echo (TSE, T2DLR) and T1 TSE (T1DLR) in lumbar spine imaging regarding acquisition time, image quality, artifact resistance, and diagnostic confidence.

Material and methods
This retrospective monocentric study included 60 patients with lower back pain who underwent lumbar spinal MRI between February and April 2023. MRI parameters and DL reconstruction (DLR) techniques were utilized to acquire images. Two neuroradiologists independently evaluated image datasets based on various parameters using a 4-point Likert scale.

Results
Accelerated imaging showed significantly less image noise and artifacts, as well as better image sharpness, compared to standard imaging. Overall image quality and diagnostic confidence were higher in accelerated imaging. Relevant disk herniations and spinal fractures were detected in both DLR and conventional images. Both readers favored accelerated imaging in the majority of examinations. The lumbar spine examination time was cut by 61% in accelerated imaging compared to standard imaging.

Conclusion
In conclusion, the utilization of deep learning-based image reconstruction techniques in lumbar spinal imaging resulted in significant time savings of up to 61% compared to standard imaging, while also improving image quality and diagnostic confidence. These findings highlight the potential of these techniques to enhance efficiency and accuracy in clinical practice for patients with lower back pain.
A Novel X-ray Diffraction Procedure for Determining Residual Stresses Around Cold Expanded Holes
Authors: Backman David , Li Linxi , Sa Jong Hyun , Pineault James , Carlson Scott , Stanfield Marcus 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe continued interest in developing more accurate finite element models of the cold expansion process has driven the need for better measurement methodologies. This work details an x-ray diffraction (XRD) procedure explicitly designed to determine the residual stresses around a cold expanded hole. Aluminum coupons from two different alloys (2024-T351 and 7075-T651), with nominally 12-mm-diameter holes, were cold expanded to two different levels of applied expansion and measured using XRD. The results of a limited interlaboratory study highlight the reproducibility that one may expect to achieve by its application. For the majority of data points, the residual stresses characterized at each of the two laboratories were in agreement within the bounds of the residual stress determination experimental uncertainties, which were generally ± 15 MPa or less. After examining the differences between results obtained at each laboratory as a function of radial distance from the hole, it was found that no significant systematic error exists between data sets. Thus, the proposed novel procedure appears to provide a more precise and accurate determination of the residual stresses around cold expanded holes with a significant reduction in measurement uncertainty compared to conventional XRD measurement procedures. The results obtained using this novel procedure will be useful in calibrating new computational material models of the expansion process.
Review of robotic surgery platforms and end effectors
Authors: Cepolina Francesco , Razzoli Roberto 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn the last 50 years, the number of companies producing automated devices for surgical operations has grown extensively. The population started to be more confident about the technology capabilities. The first patents related to surgical robotics are expiring and this knowledge is becoming a common base for the development of future surgical robotics. The review describes some of the most popular companies manufacturing surgical robots. The list of the company does not pretend to be exhaustive but wishes to give an overview of the sector. Due to space constraints, only a limited selction of companies is reported. Most of the companies described are born in America or Europe. Advantages and limitations of each product firm are described. A special focus is given to the end effectors; their shape and dexterity are crucial for the positive outcome of the surgical operations. New robots are developed every year, and existing robots are allowed to perform a wider range of procedures. Robotic technologies improve the abilities of surgeons in the domains of urology, gynecology, neurology, spine surgery, orthopedic reconstruction (knee, shoulder), hair restoration, oral surgery, thoracic surgery, laparoscopic surgery, and endoscopy.
How Competition for Funding Impacts Scientific Practice: Building Pre-fab Houses but no Cathedrals
Authors: Meirmans Stephanie 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn the research integrity literature, funding plays two different roles: it is thought to elevate questionable research practices (QRPs) due to perverse incentives, and it is a potential actor to incentivize research integrity standards. Recent studies, asking funders, have emphasized the importance of the latter. However, the perspective of active researchers on the impact of competitive research funding on science has not been explored yet. Here, I address this issue by conducting a series of group sessions with researchers in two different countries with different degrees of competition for funding, from three scientific fields (medical sciences, natural sciences, humanities), and in two different career stages (permanent versus temporary employment). Researchers across all groups experienced that competition for funding shapes science, with many unintended negative consequences. Intriguingly, these consequences had little to do with the type of QRPs typically being presented in the research integrity literature. Instead, the researchers pointed out that funding could result in predictable, fashionable, short-sighted, and overpromising science. This was seen as highly problematic: scientists experienced that the ‘projectification’ of science makes it more and more difficult to do any science of real importance: plunging into the unknown or addressing big issues that need a long-term horizon to mature. They also problematized unintended negative effects from collaboration and strategizing. I suggest it may be time to move away from a focus on QRPs in connection with funding, and rather address the real problems. Such a shift may then call for entirely different types of policy actions.
The Effect of Recruitment Maneuvers on Cerebrovascular Dynamics and Right Ventricular Function in Patients with Acute Brain Injury: A Single-Center Prospective Study
Authors: Sanfilippo Filippo , Uryga Agnieszka , Ball Lorenzo , Battaglini Denise , Iavarone Ida Giorgia , Smielewski Peter , Beqiri Erta , Czosnyka Marek , Patroniti Nicolò , Robba Chiara 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Optimization of ventilatory settings is challenging for patients in the neurointensive care unit, requiring a balance between precise gas exchange control, lung protection, and managing hemodynamic effects of positive pressure ventilation. Although recruitment maneuvers (RMs) may enhance oxygenation, they could also exert profound undesirable systemic impacts.

Methods
The single-center, prospective study investigated the effects of RMs (up-titration of positive end-expiratory pressure) on multimodal neuromonitoring in patients with acute brain injury. Our primary focus was on intracranial pressure and secondarily on cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) and other neurological parameters: cerebral autoregulation [pressure reactivity index (PRx)] and regional cerebral oxygenation (rSO2). We also assessed blood pressure and right ventricular (RV) function evaluated using tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion. Results are expressed as the difference (Δ) from baseline values obtained after completing the RMs.

Results
Thirty-two patients were enrolled in the study. RMs resulted in increased intracranial pressure (Δ = 4.8 mm Hg) and reduced CPP (ΔCPP = −12.8 mm Hg) and mean arterial pressure (difference in mean arterial pressure = −5.2 mm Hg) (all p < 0.001). Cerebral autoregulation worsened (ΔPRx = 0.31 a.u.; p < 0.001). Despite higher systemic oxygenation (difference in partial pressure of O2 = 4 mm Hg; p = 0.001) and unchanged carbon dioxide levels, rSO2 marginally decreased (ΔrSO2 = −0.5%; p = 0.031), with a significant drop in arterial content and increase in the venous content. RV systolic function decreased (difference in tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion = −0.1 cm; p < 0.001) with a tendency toward increased RV basal diameter (p = 0.06). Grouping patients according to ΔCPP or ΔPRx revealed that those with poorer tolerance to RMs had higher CPP (p = 0.040) and a larger RV basal diameter (p = 0.034) at baseline.

Conclusions
In patients with acute brain injury, RMs appear to have adverse effects on cerebral hemodynamics. These findings might be partially explained by RM’s impact on RV function. Further advanced echocardiography monitoring is required to prove this hypothesis.
Das Erziehungsziel einer selbstbestimmten Persönlichkeit weiter denken!
Authors: Patjens Rainer 
Published: February 2024

ZusammenfassungMit dem Kinder- und Jugendstärkungsgesetz hat der Gesetzgeber 2021 die Entwicklung zu einer selbstbestimmten Persönlichkeit als Erziehungsziel im SGB VIII normiert. Die rechtliche Bedeutung dieser Ergänzung ist umstritten, jedoch handelt es sich nach der Vorstellung des Gesetzgebers um eine programmatische Vorgabe, ohne dass damit der Leistungsumfang verändert werden soll. Jedoch kommt es in Hinblick auf die Unterstützung bei der Persönlichkeitsentwicklung maßgeblich darauf an, den Zugang zu Hilfen niederschwellig zu gestalten. Damit eröffnet sich auch argumentativ ein Zugang zu einer niederschwelligen oder sogar bedingungslosen Jugendhilfe, die sich insbesondere nicht an Defizitmerkmalen orientiert.
Improvement of thrombosis management in patients with cancer: a practical consensus document of recommendations for cancer-associated thrombosis patients’ healthcare in Spain
Authors: Muñoz Martín Andrés , Trujillo-Santos Antonio Javier , Martí Edelmira , Jara-Palomares Luis , Macías Montero Raquel , Gallardo Enrique , López-Núñez Juan José , Brozos-Vázquez Elena , Robles-Marinas Verónica , Pérez-Segura Pedro , Ruíz-Artacho Pedro 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCancer patients are at risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), its recurrence, but also at risk of bleeding while anticoagulated. In addition, cancer therapies have been associated to increased VTE risk. Guidelines for VTE treatment in cancer patients recommend low molecular weight heparins (LMWH) or direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) for the initial treatment, DOAC for VTE short-term treatment, and LMWH or DOAC for VTE long-term treatment. This consensus article arises from a collaboration between different Spanish experts on cancer-associated thrombosis. It aims to reach an agreement on a practical document of recommendations for action allowing the healthcare homogenization of cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT) patients in Spain considering not only what is known about VTE management in cancer patients but also what is done in Spanish hospitals in the clinical practice. The text summarizes the current knowledge and available evidence on the subject in Spain and provides a series of practical recommendations for CAT management and treatment algorithms to help clinicians to manage CAT over time.
Severe ulcerative colitis induced by COVID-19 vaccination
Authors: Taida Takashi , Kato Jun , Ishikawa Kentaro , Akizue Naoki , Ohta Yuki , Okimoto Kenichiro , Saito Keiko , Matsusaka Keisuke , Matsumura Tomoaki , Kato Naoya 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA 37-year-old woman developed severe colitis with diffuse mucosal erythema and ulcerations throughout the entire colon after the 3rd vaccination of COVID-19. Stool culture was negative, and the pathological findings showed increased lymphoplasmacytic and neutrophilic infiltration in the colonic lamina propria, which were consistent with ulcerative colitis. After the treatment with anti-tumor necrosis factor-α agent, the ulceration markedly improved with development of severe colonic stenosis, which was successfully dilated with endoscopic balloon dilation. In case of COVID-19 vaccination, it should be noted that vaccination could be a trigger for the onset of UC.