bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Linguistic domination or discrimination?
Authors: Soler Josep , Rozenvalde Kerttu 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This article analyses some of the linguistic tensions derived from international academic mobility in
English-medium instruction multilingual university contexts, focusing on local and international academic staff’s interests from a
linguistic justice viewpoint. Firstly, we develop a normative argument to explore whether international academic mobility and
increased use of English can become a source of linguistic domination for local staff, or if suggested countermeasures, such as
requiring international scholars to learn the local language, might lead to linguistic discrimination against the latter group.
Secondly, via a qualitative analysis of survey data, we ask local and international scholars at the University of Tartu about
their views on the language policy regime at the university. Protective language policies that encourage locals to use Estonian
more and require internationals to learn some Estonian could help enhance linguistic justice, according to local staff. However,
international scholars may perceive such requests as discriminatory. Linguistic domination and discrimination play a key role in
the clashing interests of stakeholders, creating tension. The study highlights the complexity of the dilemmas faced by many
university officials today in their attempt to balance institutional goals with on-the-ground realities.
Language, research, and publication
Authors: Chen Ningyang 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This article shares the story of a locally-educated English as an additional language author who attributed her
fledgling research publications in English-medium international journals to an innate interest in languages, extensive experience
of text engagement and mediation, and the kindness of “strangers”. The study draws from journal entries, publication records, and
correspondence with significant others over ten years, during which the author went from an undergraduate English-major student to
an author’s translator and editor before trying to conduct and publish her own research in an English as a foreign language
context. From an insider perspective, the personal account reflects on the confusion and struggle of a peripheral author who
learnt to navigate her way towards research and publication without the ease of resource access, supervisor guidance, academic
training, and support networks. Tracking how the author perceived research and scholarship along her journey, it considers the
role of language as a means of academic authors’ self-cultivation and providing egalitarian access to the world of knowledge and
research that transcends structural constraints. The article also critically examines the centre-periphery tension in scholarly
publishing and offers implications to help engage resource-deprived, disadvantaged authors in an increasingly interconnected world
of knowledge construction.
Is post-editing really faster than human translation?
Authors: Terribile Silvia 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Time efficiency is paramount for the localisation industry, which demands ever-faster turnaround times. However, translation speed is largely underresearched, and there is a lack of clarity about how language service providers (LSPs) can evaluate the performance of their post-editing (PE) and human translation (HT) services. This study constitutes the first large-scale investigation of translation and revision speed in HT and in the PE of neural machine translation, based on real-world data from an LSP. It uses an exploratory data analysis approach to investigate data for 90 million words translated by 879 linguists across 11 language pairs, over 2.5 years. The results of this research indicate that (a) PE is usually but not always faster than HT; (b) average speed values may be misleading; (c) translation speed is highly variable; and (d) edit distance cannot be used as a proxy for post-editing productivity, because it does not correlate strongly with speed.
Modified measures as an effective theory for causal fermion systems
Authors: Finster Felix , Guendelman Eduardo , Paganini Claudio F 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe compare the structures of the theory of causal fermion systems (CFS), an approach to unify quantum theory with general relativity (GR), with those of modified measure theories (MMT), which are a set of modified gravity theories. Classical spacetimes with MMT can be obtained as the continuum limit of a CFS. This suggests that MMT could serve as effective descriptions of modifications to GR implied by CFS. The goal is to lay the foundation for future research on exploring which MMTs are consistent with the causal action principle of CFS.
Dissociative electron attachment studies of gas-phase acetic acid using a velocity map imaging technique
Authors: Chakraborty Dipayan , Kharchilava Giorgi , Carmichael Ian , Ptasinska Sylwia 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Advancing instrumentation to explore dissociative electron attachment (DEA) studies allows previously unattainable information to be acquired. Using a newly constructed velocity map imaging spectrometer, we revisited a study on DEA to gas-phase acetic acid. We discuss possible fragmentation channels and compared the corresponding ion yields with previous high electron-energy resolution results. We focus on the channels occurring at higher energies, particularly near 10 eV, and calculate their thermodynamic thresholds. Moreover, we expand previous studies and perform time-sliced imaging near the 10 eV resonance to obtain the kinetic energy distribution of the fragment ions.
Atomically thin MXene/WSe2 Schottky heterojunction towards enhanced photogenerated charge carrier
Authors: Nag Riya , Saha Raima , Layek Rama Kanta , Bera Abhijit 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Two-dimensional materials garner increasing interest in next-generation electronics and optoelectronic devices due to their atomic-thin nature and distinctive physical properties. Building on these advances, we present the successful synthesis of a heterostructure composed of the semi-metallic Ti3C2-MXene and the semiconducting WSe2, in which the atomic layers are vertically aligned. The wet impregnation method effectively synthesizes an atomically thin Ti3C2-MXene/WSe2 heterostructure characterized by atomic force microscopy, Raman and time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) analysis. In addition, the current–voltage characteristics at the heterostructure reveal the Schottky junction probed by the scanning tunnelling microscopy and the conductive atomic force microscopy tip. The Schottky heterojunction also exhibits enhanced photocatalytic properties by improving the photogenerated charge carriers and inhibiting recombination. This work demonstrates the unique 2D–2D Ti3C2-MXene/WSe2 vertical heterojunction possesses superior photon trapping ability and can efficiently transport photogenerated charge carriers to the reaction sites to enhance photocatalysis performance.
A rapid ray tracing method to evaluate the performances of ERA5 and MERRA2 in retrieving global tropospheric delay
Authors: Zhang Mingyuan , Yuan Peng , Jiang Weiping , Zou Yong , Fan Wenlan , Wang Jian 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Atmospheric reanalysis plays an important role in retrieving the atmospheric tropospheric delays with ray tracing for space geodetic techniques. In order to represent the complex weather and climate conditions better, the spatiotemporal resolutions of the newly developed atmospheric reanalysis products are improved significantly. The increased spatiotemporal resolution provides a great opportunity to improve the accuracy of the tropospheric delays derived from ray tracing, but it remains a challenge due to the highly increased computation costs. In this paper, we develop a rapid ray tracing method with refined height interval determination to accommodate the increased spatiotemporal resolution of the atmospheric reanalysis products. The accuracy of this method was validated by the 2010 International Association of Geodesy Working Group 4.3.3 ray tracing Comparison Campaign reference results. Zenith and slant delays were obtained by tracing 342 global International Global Navigation Satellite System Service (IGS) stations. Compared to the traditional method, this reduced memory footprint by 16.1%, global refractivity field construction time by 13.6%, and per ray trace time by 22.5% while maintaining accuracy. Based on this methodology, ray tracing using state-of-the-art fifth-generation European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Re-Analysis (ERA5) and second Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA2) at 342 IGS stations assessed tropospheric delay performance in 2021. Results showed significant ERA5 and MERRA2 slant delay and mapping factor differences up to the decimeter level, especially for the wet component. Additionally, using IGS zenith total delay (ZTD) as a reference, ERA5 ZTD bias and root mean square error (RMSE) were 2.3 and 11.9 mm, versus that of 1.8 and 16.2 mm for MERRA2 ZTD. At extreme weather-affected AIRA stations over August 5–9, 2021, ERA5 ZTD mean and RMSE differences were −3.0 and 19.8 mm, and −5.3 and 21.7 mm for MERRA2 ZTD. Tropospheric delays and models derived from ERA5 can support space geodetic applications given improved performance and temporal resolution.
Blockchain technology for pay-for-outcome sustainable agriculture financing: implications for governance and transaction costs
Authors: Chung Kenneth Hsien Yung , Adriaens Peter 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Pay-for-outcome financing mechanisms have been used to address agricultural runoffs to overcome the inefficiencies associated with push-based solutions, which are dependent on subsidies or philanthropic funding. As a market-based approach, pay-for-outcome platforms seek to incentivize sustainable practices, compensated by beneficiaries of the positive outcomes. Execution of pay-for-outcome financing mechanisms in an agriculture context is a complex transaction, involving investors, farmers, third party verifiers of outcomes, government and corporate beneficiaries, and thus requires a costly governance structure. Effective governance mechanisms are needed to meet the transaction costs identified in performance measurements. This study investigates the efficacy of blockchain technology to address transaction costs in pay-for-outcome financing for sustainable agriculture. Through a proof-of-concept, this study quantifies and explores the potential cost-saving benefits of utilizing blockchain. The proof-of-concept is an application of blockchain within a pay-for-outcome incentive model, namely the Soil and Water Outcomes Fund, for sustainable agriculture. Utilizing the Ethereum blockchain, transactions are facilitated through crypto wallets and a hybrid smart contract, while precipitation is used as a proxy for agricultural runoff measurements. Drawing from Transaction Cost Economics theory, a discussion is presented on how blockchains can reduce transaction costs, enhancing the governance and efficiency of pay-for-outcome mechanisms. Furthermore, the article presents blockchain transaction fees in the context of the scale of operations, considering the total number of participants in the Soil and Water Outcomes Fund. Our findings indicate that blockchain technology has the capacity to simplify intricate transactions, boost measurement accuracy, cut administrative expenses, and foster trust and transparency among stakeholders, thereby reducing the overall transaction costs associated with pay-for-outcome incentives. While blockchain has its limitations and is not a universally applicable solution for every type of transaction cost, we believe that blockchains are well-suited to facilitate pay-for-outcome financing such as the Soil and Water Outcomes Fund.
Advancement in structure elucidation of natural medium-sized lactones through synthesis and theoretical calculations
Authors: Katsuta Ryo 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
Medium-sized lactones are an important class of natural products with diverse biological activities. Unlike conventional organic compounds, these molecules exhibit elevated levels of conformational flexibility. This inherent structural feature occasionally exacerbates the complexities associated with determining their conformation, thereby posing challenges in deciphering their stereochemistry or, in certain instances, leading to incorrect structures. This review highlights specific scenarios in which synthetic studies and computational chemistry have assumed pivotal roles in unveiling the structures of lactones, which have previously eluded definitive elucidation.
pyCapsid: identifying dominant dynamics and quasi-rigid mechanical units in protein shells
Authors: Brown Colin , Agarwal Anuradha , Luque Antoni 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Summary
pyCapsid is a Python package developed to facilitate the characterization of the dynamics and quasi-rigid mechanical units of protein shells and other protein complexes. The package was developed in response to the rapid increase of high-resolution structures, particularly capsids of viruses, requiring multiscale biophysical analyses. Given a protein shell, pyCapsid generates the collective vibrations of its amino-acid residues, identifies quasi-rigid mechanical regions associated with the disassembly of the structure, and maps the results back to the input proteins for interpretation. pyCapsid summarizes the main results in a report that includes publication-quality figures.

Availability and implementation
pyCapsid’s source code is available under MIT License on GitHub. It is compatible with Python 3.8–3.10 and has been deployed in two leading Python package-management systems, PIP and Conda. Installation instructions and tutorials are available in the online documentation and in the pyCapsid’s YouTube playlist. In addition, a cloud-based implementation of pyCapsid is available as a Google Colab notebook. pyCapsid Colab does not require installation and generates the same report and outputs as the installable version. Users can post issues regarding pyCapsid in the repository’s issues section.
Comparison of topical permethrin 5% vs. benzyl benzoate 25% treatment in scabies: a double-blinded randomized controlled trial
Authors: Meyersburg Damian , Hoellwerth Magdalena , Brandlmaier Matthias , Handisurya Allesandra , Kaiser Andreas , Prodinger Christine , Bauer Johann W 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Scabies is a pruritic parasitic infestation of the skin. High-income countries have reported an increasing incidence over the last few years. Studies have indicated a reduction in the sensitivity of scabies mites to the standard treatment of choice, topical permethrin 5%.

Objectives
To evaluate in a head-to-head manner the efficacy of two topical scabicides [permethrin 5% and benzyl benzoate 25% (BB)] in the treatment of scabies using the same administration modality; and to address potential confounding factors such as incorrectly performed treatment and hygiene measures.

Methods
In total, 110 patients with dermoscopy-verified scabies infestation were enrolled and randomized into two equally sized groups in a double-blinded manner. Fifty-five received topical permethrin 5% and 55 received topical BB 25%, both for daily use over a period of three consecutive days. Treatment outcome was evaluated by dermoscopy at a 3-week follow-up visit.

Results
Treatment resulted in a dermoscopy-verified cure rate of 27% in the permethrin group and 87% in the BB group. The tolerability and safety profile of permethrin 5% cream was excellent, while the BB emulsion produced a burning sensation in 43% of patients.

Conclusions
Topical permethrin demonstrated a lack of efficacy in the majority of scabies cases, whereas BB demonstrated an excellent cure rate and reasonable tolerability. Considering the reduced sensitivity of scabies mites to permethrin 5%, our results suggest that BB is an appropriate first-line therapy in the treatment of scabies.
Transapical beating-heart septal myectomy for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with latent obstruction
Authors: Li Jiangtao , Wei Xiang 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
A novel transapical beating-heart septal myectomy (TA-BSM) procedure was performed for patients with latent obstruction through the left intercostal incision and without cardiopulmonary bypass. This study aims to demonstrate the experience of the TA-BSM procedure for patients with latent obstruction and compare outcomes to patients with resting obstruction.

METHODS
We studied 120 symptomatic hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy patients (33 with latent obstruction and 87 with resting obstruction) who underwent TA-BSM. Demographic profiles, echocardiogram-derived ventricular morphology and haemodynamics and clinical outcomes were analysed.

RESULTS
There were no important differences in baseline clinical characteristics between patients with latent obstruction and resting obstruction, including age, symptoms, comorbidities and medical history. Patients with latent obstruction had lower basal septum thickness, higher midventricular wall thickness, smaller left atrial chamber size and more frequency of mitral subvalvular anomalies. There was no difference in early (&lt;30 days) deaths (0/33 vs 1/87, P &gt; 0.999) and mid-term survival between patients with latent obstruction and resting obstruction. At 6 months after surgery, 31 (93.9%) patients with latent obstruction and 80 (92.0%) with resting obstruction achieved optimal procedural success, which was defined as a maximal gradient (after provocation) &lt;30 mmHg and mitral regurgitation ≤ grade 1+ without mortality. Maximal left ventricular outflow tract gradient, basal septum thickness, midventricular wall thickness, mitral regurgitation grade and left atrial chamber size were significantly decreased after TA-BSM. In the follow-up, the New York Heart Association class was significantly improved following surgery.

CONCLUSIONS
TA-BSM preserved favourable gold-standard guideline desired outcomes through real-time echocardiographic-guided resection. Equipoise of outcomes for this procedure regardless of degree of resting left ventricular outflow tract gradients supports operative management with this approach in symptomatic patients with latent obstruction.
Life’s Essential 8 and heart failure among patients with chronic kidney disease: the Kailuan Cohort Study
Authors: Huo Zhenyu , Huang Zhe , Feng Jun , Li Junjuan , Chen Shuohua , Wang Guodong , Peng Yinshun , Huang Lili , Wu Shouling , Gao Xiang , Li Yaqi , Geng Tingting 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Aims
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at an increased risk of developing heart failure. The American Heart Association recently released a new metric, Life’s Essential 8 (LE8), for health promotion. However, evidence regarding associations between LE8 and heart failure risk among patients with CKD is scarce.

Methods and results
A total of 16 190 patients with CKD (mean age 55.9 years), free of cardiovascular disease at recruitment from the Kailuan Study, were included. Cardiovascular health was assessed using the LE8 score. Incident heart failure events were ascertained via linkage of electronic health record data. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to compute hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). There were 814 (5.0%) patients in the high LE8 criteria, with 13 180 (81.4%) in the moderate, and 2196 (13.6%) in the low LE8 category, respectively. During a median follow-up of 13.7 years, 724 incident heart failure cases were documented. Compared with the low LE8 category, the HRs (95% CIs) for heart failure were 0.58 (0.48, 0.71) for the moderate LE8 category and 0.32 (0.19, 0.54) for the high LE8 category (P for trend &lt;0.001). In addition, the association was stronger in patients aged ≤65 years compared with their older counterparts (P for interaction = 0.01).

Conclusion
Our data showed a strong graded inverse association between the LE8-defined cardiovascular health and the risk of heart failure among patients with CKD. Our findings support the importance of adopting the LE8 among patients with CKD to prevent heart failure.
Comparing baseline correction algorithms in discriminating brownish soils from five proximity locations based on UPLC and PLS-DA methods
Authors: Ahmad Muhamad Adib bin , Lee Loong Chuen , Mohd Rosdi Nur Ain Najihah , Abd Hamid Nadirah Binti , Ishak Ab Aziz , Sino Hukil 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Soil is commonly collected from an outdoor crime scene, and thus it is helpful in linking a suspect and a victim to a crime scene. The chemical profiles of soils can be acquired via chemical instruments such as Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC). However, the UPLC chromatogram often interferes with an unstable baseline. In this paper, we compared the performance of five baseline correction (BC) algorithms, i.e. asymmetric least squares (AsLS), fill peak, iterative restricted least squares, median window (MW), and modified polynomial fitting, in discriminating 30 chromatograms of brownish soils by five locations of origin, i.e. PP, HK, KU, BL, and KB. The performances of the preprocessed sub-datasets were first visually inspected through the mean chromatograms and then further explored via scores plots of principal component analysis (PCA). Eventually, the predictive performances of the partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) models estimated from 1 000 pairs of training and testing samples (i.e. prepared via iterative random resampling split at 75:25) were studied to identify the best BC method. Mean raw chromatograms of the 10 soil samples were different from each other, with evident fluctuated baselines. AsLS and MW corrected chromatograms demonstrated the most significant improvement compared with the raw counterpart. Meanwhile, the scores plot of PCA revealed that most of the sub-datasets produced three separate clusters. Then, the sub-datasets were modelled via the PLS-DA technique. MW emerged as the excellent BC method based on the mean prediction accuracy estimated using 1 000 pairs of training and testing samples. In conclusion, MW outperformed the other BC methods in correcting the UPLC data of soil.

Key points