bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors related to Cognitive Impairment in Neuro COVID severe respiratory failure patients´
Authors: Previgliano Ignacio J , Poliszuk Julieta C , Sayat Mauro Castro , Nuñez Myriam , Siroti Catalina , Carabelli Valeria P , Previgliano Martin J , Foster Carolina , Montiel Guillermo 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundCognitive Impairment (CI) is part of the Post Intensive Care Syndrome. Little is published between it presentation in neuro Covid patients with severe respiratory failure. The aim of this study is to evaluate CI presentation and related factors in a homogeneous cohort admitted to Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Respiratory Intensive Care Unit (RICU) or both.MethodProspective, observational study. Patients admitted to Critical Care Units with Neuro COVID symptoms. Demography, severity scores, inflammation markers, length of stay (LOS), delirium, mortality, CI assessed by MoCA and ICU acquired weakness (ICUAW) were recorded and compared between RICU, ICU and RICU/ICU patients. Statistical analysis was performed by means of ANOVA, Student test and Classification And Regression Tree (CART)ResultFrom June 01st to August 31st2020, 206 patients were admitted to Critical Care Units. Of them 67 (33%) presented initial neurological symptoms (headache 76%, dizziness 34%, ageusia 30%, anosmia 33%, myalgia 27%, encephalopathy 22%, visual alterations 4%), 35 were admitted to ICU and 32 to RICU, due to severe ARDS (average Pa/FiO2 123), 5 patients were move from RICU to ICU. 35 received invasive mechanical ventilation, 27 noninvasive and 5 both. There were no differences in demography, severity scores (APACHE, SOFA and Pa/FiO2) neither in inflammation markers (D dimer, ferrtin). There were significant differences in all variables: LOS (12, 43, 71 p<0.05), mortality (0%, 34%, 25% p 0.87), GCS (15, 14 p < 0.05) delirium (0%, 88%, 100% p <0.05), CI (0%, 46%, 33% p 0.28) and ICUAW (0%, 53%, 75% p 0.82). By means of Classification And Regression Tree (CART), a predictive model, which explains how an outcome variable’s values can be predicted based on other values, mechanical ventilation, impaired consciousness at admission, delirium and ICUAW were identify as the related variables to CI.ConclusionAmong patients with neuro COVID symptoms and severe ARDS the need of mechanical ventilation, less GCS on admission, delirium and ICUAW arerelated to CI at discharge.Mechanical ventilated patients have also longer LOS and higher mortality rates. Neither initial neurological symptoms nor ARDS or NIV were related to those variables, and specifically to CI.
Objective measurement of apathy and its differentiation from depression in dementia based on physiological reactivity to stimuli presented in virtual reality environment
Authors: Ravona‐Springer Ramit , Koren Or , Wilf Meytal , Lapid Michal , Plotnik Meir 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to develop a tool for objective measurement of apathy and its differentiation from depression in the context of cognitive impairment.MethodWe exposed older adults with and without cognitive impairment (CI and CN, respectively) to emotional (i.e., positive), aversive and neutral, and to cognitive (congruent; incongruent) stimuli in a virtual reality environment and measured their physiological reactivity as reflected by autonomic nervous system (ANS) functions [heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV), respiration and galvanic skin response (GSR)], and gaze [time to gaze fixation (TTGF) and total fixation duration (TFD)]. Apathy and depression were measured via the Lille Apathy Rating Scale (LARS)‐ and the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), respectively.ResultParticipants' characteristics are presented in Tables 1‐2. Compared to CN, CI participants had lower TFD (ANOAVE: F = 7.471, P = 0.006) and GSR reactivity (F = 6.334, P = 0.014) in response to all stimuli. Among participants with CI, those with apathy (LARS score ≥‐7) (n = 21) had shorter TFD compared to those without apathy (F = 19.259, P = 0.001), and those with depression (GDS score ≥5) (n = 46) had longer TFD compared to those without depression ((F = 33.118, P = 0.001) to all stimuli. For all participants, presence of apathy was associated with lower TFD (F = 13.807, P = 0.001) higher TTGF (F = 10.819, P = 0.001), lower HRV reactivity (F = 4.089, P = 0.043) and respiration depth reactivity (F = 8.026, P = 0.005) in response to all stimuli. In contrast, depression was associated with higher TFD (F = 8.448, P = 0.004), lower TTGF (F = 5.290, P = 0.022) and higher HRV reactivity (F = 5.171, P = 0.023) to all stimuli. Increasing LARS scores were negatively associated with respiration rate (R = ‐0.223, P = 0.025) and TFD (R = ‐0.253, P = 0.021) in response to positive emotional stimuli, and with TFD in response to congruent (R = ‐0.265, P = 0.016) and incongruent (R = ‐0.247, P = 0.024) cognitive stimuli. GDS scores were positively associated with HR (R = 0.219, P = 0.049; R = 0.217, P = 0.05 respectively) and respiration depth (R = 0.216, P = 0.048; R = 0.252, P = 0.021 respectively) reactivity to positive and aversive emotional stimuli.ConclusionANS and gaze reactivity to emotional and cognitive stimuli presented in a VR environment is sensitive to cognitive status and to apathy, even in subtle forms. Moreover, this tool can potentially differentiate apathy from depression in the context of cognitive impairment.
Plasma oligomeric amyloid‐β levels after spiking synthetic amyloid beta according to age
Authors: Minn Dohsik , Kang Sungmin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe multimer detection system‐oligomeric amyloid‐β (MDS‐OAβ) measures OAβ level in plasma after spiking of synthetic amyloid beta into the plasma and has shown in clinical studies that Alzheimer’s disease patients have higher tendency level of amyloid‐β oligomerization. Since Alzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative disease, this study was to investigate whether young to old age groups in health check‐up subjects shows different level of OAβ in plasma.MethodTotal of 6,150 subjects were studied; 678 subjects in their between twenties and forties (≤40s, the average age was 42.9±5.4), 1,276 in their fifties (50s, 55.0±2.9), 1,945 in their sixties (60s, 64.3±2.9), 1,520 in their seventies (70s, 74.3±2.9) and 731 in more than 80 years old (≥80s, 83.6±3.4). The multimer detection system assay kit (AlzOn, PeopleBio, Inc., South Korea) was used to quantify the levels of OAβ in the plasma. ANOVA test and t‐test were used to compare results for statistics.ResultThe plasma tendency levels of OAβ in the ≤40s, 50s, 60s, 70s and ≥80s were 0.46±0.31ng/mL, 0.51±0.35ng/mL, 0.52±0.24ng/mL, 0.56±0.30ng/mL and 0.57±0.24ng/mL, respectively. There was no difference between the 50s and 60s, and 70s and ≥80s, but the differences among the others were statistically significant (p<0.001). In particular, plasma OAβ tendency levels gradually increased with age. The women’s average level (n, mean±SD; 3,665, 0.53±0.30 ng/mL) was higher than the men’s (2,485, 0.52±0.28)ng/mL, it was statistically significant (p<0.001). The positive rates of ≤40s, 50s, 60s, 70s and ≥80s were 8.0%, 10.7%, 12.0%, 15.3% and 18.1%, respectively, based on the level (>0.78ng/mL) of the manufacturer.ConclusionAs age increased, the plasma OAβ tendency levels and positive rates were increased. Therefore, as age increases, the possibility of Alzheimer’s disease increases.
Elucidating the role of the AD risk gene SORL1 in hiPSC‐derived microglial cells
Authors: Young Jessica E. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundhiPSC models, from which all cell types of the CNS can be generated, have provided key insights into cell‐type specific processes implicated by AD genetics. Endo‐lysosomal network (ELN) trafficking is a biological pathway implicated in AD and the endosomal receptor SORL1 is strongly associated with AD risk, however studies of SORL1 function in glial cells are lacking. Because ELN trafficking is highly related to neuroimmune function, we modeled SORL1 deficiency in hiPSC‐derived microglia and tested whether pharmacologic or genetic rescue with components of retromer improve cellular phenotypes.MethodWe used an established isogenic series of hiPSC lines that harbor deficiencies in SORL1 (SORL1 KO or SORL1 +/‐) or missense variants in SORL1 (SORL1Var) associated with AD. We differentiated microglial‐like cells (hiPSC‐MGLs) and used cellular assays that examined the function of the ELN. In hiPSC‐MGLs we measured phagocytosis, lysosome function, and pro‐inflammatory cytokine release. For rescue experiments, we treated cells with TPT‐260, a pharmacologic chaperone that stabilizes retromer, and lentiviral vectors expressing retromer subunits.ResultIn SORL1 deficient and SORL1 variant hiPSC‐MGLs, we document ELN phenotypes that converge on the lysosome, including lysosomal swelling and impaired degradation. Interestingly, we also document decreased lysosomal exocytosis, a calcium‐regulated process by which immune cells release lysosomal enzymes and undegraded substrates to the extracellular space to aid in cellular homeostasis, immune‐related signaling and tissue remodeling. In SORL1 deficient cells, lysosomal impairments were observed with abnormal neuroimmune function including differential expression and secretion of cytokines, in response to pro‐inflammatory stimuli Our preliminary data suggests that enhancement of retromer function, either genetically or pharmacologically, can improve these phenotypes.ConclusionUsing an hiPSC‐based model, we show that we can uncover dynamic phenotypes that are linked to AD risk genes. Mutations in SORL1 are now frequently discovered in early‐onset AD patients and the SORL1 locus has a strong genome‐wide signal for late‐onset AD. Together, this suggests that therapeutic strategies targeting the SORL1‐retromer pathway are greatly needed. In this study, we elucidate a role for the SORL1‐retromer pathway in neuroimmune function and provide validation that enhancing this pathway can improve cell‐type specific AD phenotypes in a human model.
The use of constant observation for people with dementia in hospitals: a systematic review
Authors: Handley Melanie , Theodosopoulou Danai , Taylor Nicky , Hadley Rebecca , Goodman Claire , Harwood Rowan H , Phillips Rosemary , Surr Claire 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundConstant observation is a model of care used in hospitals to manage a patient’s safety. For people with dementia this is often due to a risk of falling or from displaying behaviours considered to carry a risk of harm. Person‐centred approaches are recognised as best practice for people with dementia, but this can be difficult to achieve for staff providing constant observation in hospital settings. It is therefore important to understand how person‐centred principles can underpin the use constant observation.MethodA mixed‐methods systematic review was conducted to understand how and why constant observation is used for people with dementia in hospital, how effectiveness is measured and what enables staff to use a person‐centred approach.Electronic databases (Medline (PubMed), CINHAL, Psychinfo, and The Cochrane Library) were searched between 2010 – 2022. Screening and data extraction were completed against eligibility criteria, with 20% double screened and extracted for consistency. Narrative synthesis combined qualitative and quantitative findings.ResultTwenty‐four studies were included, reporting findings from 14 intervention studies and ten studies of constant observation practices. Constant observation for people with dementia was often provided by non‐registered staff without specific training for the role. Assessments and processes for assigning constant observation helped clarify the level of observation required and encouraged regular review that linked initiation and discontinuation to a patient’s changing needs. Examples of person‐centred care were mainly derived from studies of volunteers or staff employed to provide activities. These demonstrated that meaningful engagement could reassure a person and improve their mood. Proactive approaches that anticipated a person’s distress were thought to reduce behaviours that carried a risk of harm but supporting evidence was lacking.ConclusionA proactive, person‐centred approach to constant observation is accepted as beneficial for people living with dementia. The reliance on non‐registered staff limited by organisational efforts to reduce risk leads to responses focused on containment. When staff are trained and supported during constant observation, they can connect with patients and provide comfort, potentially reducing behaviours that carry a risk of harm. Aligning patient, staff and organisational priorities will likely improve the inpatient experience of people living with dementia.
Results from multidisciplinary patient‐centered program implemented in a psychogeriatric unit in Brazil
Authors: Buchain Patricia Cardoso , Bassitt Debora Pastore , Alves Tania Correa de Toledo Ferraz , Filho Geraldo Busatto 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundPatient and families/caregivers centered care programs reduce the negative impact of hospitalizations in old age and improve health outcomes. We started an individual‐centered multidisciplinary program that contemplated hospitalization and day‐hospital care at Institute of Psychiatry USP Medical School, Brazil in march 2022 .Our program involves specific goals for inpatients and family members / caregiver’s integrating pharmacology and a multidisciplinary approach.MethodOur program involves interventions during the hospitalization, day‐hospital and transition to outpatient care. Individual specific needs are assessed at the admission, and an individualized specific plan centered on patient and caregiver is designed and carried on. The therapeutic program provides patients cognitive and functional stimulation and caregivers training in order to adapt to behavior changes and together develop a successful daily routine care at home. The multidisciplinary team involves: medical team, nurse, psychologist, speech therapist, physiotherapist, occupational therapist, nutritionist and social worker. The intervention involves psychoeducation, cognitive and social stimulation/training for patients and/or caregivers/family in groups (60‐90 min), 5‐days a week, twice a day and individual sessions. Assessments include clinical and sociodemographic data, days of hospitalization, clinical global impression, MADRAS, MMSE and KATZ scales.ResultThere were 61 consecutive admissions in the 10 months after the program implementation, main diagnosis at admission were depression and dementia . The mean age was 69,73, gender 40 female, 21 male, average hospital stay was 26,66 (inpatient unit), bed turnover 85,81%. Zero patient was readmitted in a period of 30 days after discharge. Admission mean: CGI 4,98, MADRAS 17,66,MMSSE 16,43 KATZ 3,98 and discharge: CGI 3,47,MADRAS 7,26. MMSSE 19,4.KATZ 4,36 .The reduction in CGI 31,3%, Madras 58,89% and improvement in MMSE 18%, KATZ 9,5%.ConclusionOur findings demonstrated confirmed that a patient‐centered program results in improvement in cognition, basic activities of daily life and reduction of depressive symptoms. The present intervention provides consistent recovery of hospitalization. It is an important strategy to improve health quality and recovery for old age psychiatric patients.Descriptors: psychiatry; aging; multiprofessional intervention
Using retinal neuromodulation to influence both glucose regulation and amyloid buildup
Authors: Zelinsky Deborah 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundAmyloid buildup and glucose dysregulation are two processes attributed to Alzheimer’s Disease progression [1]. Each of these has extensive research regarding their involvement in retinal processing [2, 3]. Amyloid buildup has been measured in retinal and optic nerve locations, linked with circadian and cognitive circuitry. Cognitive changes are shown by thinning in retinal tissue that corresponds with hippocampal volume, and circadian rhythm is disrupted when specific retinal cells involved with sleep are the target of some plaques [4, 5]. The brain and ocular glymphatic systems are also retinal related and implicated in cognitive decline [6, 7].MethodOptical interventions to selectively stimulate retinal activity can be used to influence retinal neuromodulation.ResultRetinal stimulation can be used as a way to map the changing brain during neurodegeneration.ConclusionThe retina is part of the central nervous system and accessible to non‐invasive, external stimulation. Therefore, retinal usage to modulate the glymphatic system and glucose metabolism might change the course of neurodegeneration as both a method for detection and a way to mitigate symptoms.1. Hammond, T.C. and A.‐l. Lin, Glucose Metabolism is a Better Marker for Predicting Clinical Alzheimer’s Disease than Amyloid or Tau. Journal of cellular immunology, 2022. 4: p. 15 ‐ 18.2. Wang, L. and X. Mao, Role of Retinal Amyloid‐β in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Overlapping Mechanisms and Emerging Clinical Applications. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2021. 22.3. Tams, A.L.M., et al., Decreased Glucose Metabolism and Glutamine Synthesis in the Retina of a Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease. Cell Mol Neurobiol, 2022. 42(1): p. 291‐303.4. Kim, J.‐I. and B.‐H. Kang, Decreased retinal thickness in patients with Alzheimer’s disease is correlated with disease severity. PLoS ONE, 2019. 14.5. Lee, S., et al., Amyloid Beta Immunoreactivity in the Retinal Ganglion Cell Layer of the Alzheimer’s Eye. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 2020. 14.6. Wang, J., et al., Impaired glymphatic drainage underlying obstructive sleep apnea is associated with cognitive dysfunction. J Neurol, 2023.7. Wostyn, P., The “ocular glymphatic clearance system”: a key missing piece of the Alzheimer’s disease‐glaucoma puzzle found? Eye (Lond), 2021. 35(4): p. 1281.
Brain Reserve Score on Acute Trauma Head CT is Correlated with Pre‐TBI MCI/Dementia and is an Independent Predictor of Post‐TBI Cognitive Outcome
Authors: Gardner Raquel C. , Huie Russell , Yaffe Kristine , Manley Geoffrey T. , Yuh Esther C. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundPre‐injury brain reserve may contribute to the substantial heterogeneity observed in cognitive outcome after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), including risk for cognitive decline and dementia. However, no tools exist to quantify pre‐injury brain reserve in an acute trauma setting, thereby limiting research. We aimed to develop and validate a visually‐rated Brain Reserve Score (BRS) to quantify baseline brain reserve on head CTs obtained to rule out intracranial trauma in adults presenting acutely with mTBI.MethodsData are from the Transforming Research And Clinical Knowledge in Traumatic Brain Injury (TRACK‐TBI) and TRACK‐Geriatric TBI (TRACK‐GERI) studies, multi‐center prospective cohort studies of adults age 18+ presenting within 24 hours (TRACK‐TBI) or adults age 65y+ presenting within 72 hours (TRACK‐GERI) of TBI who received head CT and multi‐domain clinical follow‐up for one year. BRS was developed by adapting existing MRI visual rating scales of global cortical atrophy, hippocampal atrophy, and white matter change for use in trauma head CTs and then by refining the scoring guide to optimize rater reliability. To establish concurrent validity, we assessed correlation of BRS with pre‐injury cognitive status (measured in TRACK‐GERI using informant‐reported Clinical Dementia Rating interviews). To establish predictive validity, we assessed association of BRS with good versus poor 12‐month cognitive outcome in TRACK‐TBI using logistic regression adjusted for baseline demographics, medical/psychiatric comorbidities, injury characteristics, and trauma severity on CT.ResultsFinal BRS score ranged from 0‐10 (10 is highest burden of neuropathology); inter‐ and intra‐rater reliability were moderate‐substantial (weighted kappa 0.54‐0.80). Among N = 100 TRACK‐GERI participants BRS was significantly correlated with pre‐injury CDR (r = 0.37, p<0.01). Among N = 656 TRACK‐TBI participants, BRS of 6+ was independently associated with poor 12‐month cognitive outcome (fully adjusted odds ratio 4.35, 95% confidence interval 1.35‐13.99, p = 0.01).ConclusionBRS is a reliable visually rated score of brain reserve on acute trauma head CT that correlates with pre‐injury cognitive status and independently predicts poor cognitive outcome one year post‐mTBI. BRS may be a useful tool to facilitate inclusion of older adults in acute TBI research thereby advancing clinical care and research on mechanisms of accelerated post‐TBI cognitive decline and dementia.
Balance in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: microstructural brain correlates and relation to Alzheimer’s biomarkers.
Authors: Bommarito Giulia , Griffa Alessandra , Armand Stéphane , Herrmann François , Assal Frederic , Ville Dimitri Van De , Allali Gilles 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundPatients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (p‐iNPH) present with balance impairment, which contribute to falls and could improve after cerebrospinal fluid shunting procedure. Structural brain correlates of balance in iNPH have not been investigated yet. Moreover, as gait, balance changes after shunting could be affected by Alzheimer’s disease (AD) biomarkers. The aim was to assess the relationship between postural control and brain structural damage or AD biomarkers in p‐iNPH before and after CSF tap test (CSFTT), a prognostic test to predict response to shunting.Methodthirty‐eight healthy controls (HC) and 23 p‐iNPH were consecutively recruited and underwent balance assessment, and MRI including diffusion weighted images before and after CSFTT (data after CSFTT available for 19 p‐iNPH). Center of pressure (COP) trajectories parameters and diffusion metrics were derived in both groups, during eyes open (EO) and eyes closed (EC) conditions. AD biomarkers were available for p‐iNPH. Repeated‐measures ANOVA (with one within‐subjects factor: EC/EO, and one between‐subjects factor: group) was used to compare posturographic measures. Non‐parametric correlation analysis was used to assess their relatioship with WM tracts diffusion metrics and AD biomarkers.ResultCOP speed in the antero‐posterior direction and sway area were worse in p‐iNPH compared to HC, and during EC compared to EO condition (group x factor interaction: F(1,59) = 5.02, p = .029 and F(1,59) = 4.95, p = 0.30, respectively), Fig.1. Orientation dispersion index and intracellular volume fraction of forceps minor and anterior thalamic radiation, tracts already related to balance in ageing, positively correlated to COP parameters during EC task in p‐iNPH (0.43<R<0.48, 0.02<p<0.046) and negatively in HC (‐0.44<R←0.21, 0.005<p<0.195). The relationship inverted after CSFTT in p‐iNPH, with a negative correlation found between sway area and forceps minor ODI (R = ‐0.47, p = .050), Fig.2. In p‐iNPH, no significant correlation was found between amyloid‐beta or phosphorylated‐tau and changes in posturography parameters after CSFTT (Fig.3).Conclusionpostural control is impaired in p‐iNPH, especially during EC condition, suggesting an altered somatosensory function integration. Such impairment relates to microstructural damage of periventricular tracts, with a partial normalization of the relationship after CSFTT. Changes in balance after CSFTT do not seem to be affected by AD biomarkers.