bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of transdisciplinarity by its participants: the case of Tertúlias do Montado, Alentejo, Portugal
Authors: Guimarães M. Helena , Jacinto Gonçalo , Isidoro Catarina , Pohl Christian 
Published: January 2024

AbstractEvaluation plays a pivotal role in transdisciplinary (TD) research, often discussed during funding stages or when assessing project impacts. A few studies delve into the participant perspective when examining the quality of transdisciplinarity. Our work contributes to this area of assessment. Rather than providing a definitive definition of transdisciplinarity, we developed a questionnaire to evaluate a set of TD principles within a specific TD initiative. We collected insights from 100 individuals out of a pool of 200 participants engaged in a TD initiative since 2016. Given the long-term nature of the case study, our sample included both frequent and occasional participants. Using non-parametric statistical, we concluded that frequent participants express higher satisfaction with their involvement, identify more outcomes stemming from their participation, and assign greater importance to TD principles. These findings highlight the significant impact of investing in long-term TD initiatives. Additionally, our questionnaires featured open-ended questions to capture participants’ individual definition of the initiative, along with their perceived benefits and drawbacks. Through content analysis, we identified two distinct discourses: positivism and postpositivism. The positivist discourse predominantly features male participants over 60 years of age, primarily from the research community. These participants express lower satisfaction with their participation and assign less value to TD principles. We found no association between positivism/postpositivism and participation frequency (i.e., frequent/casual). This suggests that these two discourses can coexist and interact within a TD environment. Nevertheless, the perceived value of TD is not uniform across these groups, indicating that TD may not align with everyone’s objectives, even in complex contexts where the approach is considered essential.
Taking games: a meta-analysis
Authors: Flage Alexandre 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis paper presents the first meta-analysis of the ‘Taking Game,’ a variant of the Dictator Game where participants take money from recipients instead of giving. Upon analyzing data from 39 experiments, which include 123 effect sizes and 7262 offers made by dictators, we discovered a significant framing effect: dictators are more generous in the Taking Game than in the Dictator Game (Cohen's d = 0.26, p < 0.0001), leaving approximately 35.5 percent of the stakes to recipients in the former as opposed to 27.5 percent in the latter. The difference is higher when the participants have earned their endowment before sharing or when the recipient is a charity. Consistent with the standard literature on giving, we also find that participants take less from a charity than from a standard recipient, take less when payoffs are hypothetical, or when recipients have previously earned their endowment. We also find that women (non-students) take less than men (students). Finally, it appears that participants from non-OECD countries leave more money to recipients than participants from OECD countries.
Tropical cyclone warning and forecasting system in Bangladesh: challenges, prospects, and future direction to adopt artificial intelligence
Authors: Rahman Sabbir , Sharmin Nusrat , Rahat Ahsan , Rahman Mukhlesur , Rahman Mahbubur 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBangladesh is a disaster-prone area due to its geographic location, especially since it is affected by a tropical cyclone (TC) almost every year. TC causes severe damage to lives and livelihoods in this region of Bangladesh. TC prediction and monitoring are still based on the traditional statistical model. In general, the conventional statistical model has the limitation of not handling nonlinear datasets in a precious way. However, the country is gradually adopting modern technologies like artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and Fourth Industrial Revolution (IR4) technology for disaster management. The purpose of this study is to identify the scope of adopting new technologies like machine learning and deep learning (DL) for cyclone prediction in countries like Bangladesh, which are cyclone-prone but have constraints on funds to invest in this field. To establish the idea, we examine the research work on the TC forecasting model used in the country from 2010 to 2022. This paper examines the TC forecasting model used to identify the scope of improvement in the current system based on AI and process a better cyclone prediction system using an AI-based model. This study intends to reveal the gaps in mainstream cyclone prediction methods and focus on cyclone prediction system improvement. Moreover, this work will summarize the current state of the TC prediction forecasting system in Bangladesh and how the incorporation of modern technology can increase its efficiency. Finally, as a final note, we conclude this paper with the answer of proximity to the proposal of including AI in cyclone detection and prediction systems. A workflow diagram to address cyclone prediction based on ML and DL has also been presented in this paper, which may augment the capacity of the Bangladesh Meteorological Department (BMD) in performing their responsibility. Moreover, some specific recommendations have been proposed to improve the cyclone prediction system in Bangladesh.
Understanding the role of antibiotic-associated adverse events in influencing antibiotic decision-making
Authors: Cherian Jerald P. , Helsel Taylor N. , Jones George F. , Virk Zunaira , Salinas Alejandra , Grieb Suzanne M. , Klein Eili Y. , Tamma Pranita D. , Cosgrove Sara E. ,   for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Prevention Epicenters Program
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective:
To (1) understand the role of antibiotic-associated adverse events (ABX-AEs) on antibiotic decision-making, (2) understand clinician preferences for ABX-AE feedback, and (3) identify ABX-AEs of greatest clinical concern.

Design:
Focus groups.

Setting:
Academic medical center.

Participants:
Medical and surgical house staff, attending physicians, and advanced practice practitioners.

Methods:
Focus groups were conducted from May 2022 to December 2022. Participants discussed the role of ABX-AEs in antibiotic decision-making and feedback preferences and evaluated the prespecified categorization of ABX-AEs based on degree of clinical concern. Thematic analysis was conducted using inductive coding.

Results:
Four focus groups were conducted (n = 15). Six themes were identified. (1) ABX-AE risks during initial prescribing influence the antibiotic prescribed rather than the decision of whether to prescribe. (2) The occurrence of an ABX-AE leads to reassessment of the clinical indication for antibiotic therapy. (3) The impact of an ABX-AE on other management decisions is as important as the direct harm of the ABX-AE. (4) ABX-AEs may be overlooked because of limited feedback regarding the occurrence of ABX-AEs. (5) Clinicians are receptive to feedback regarding ABX-AEs but are concerned about it being punitive. (6) Feedback must be curated to prevent clinicians from being overwhelmed with data. Clinicians generally agreed with the prespecified categorizations of ABX-AEs by degree of clinical concern.

Conclusions:
The themes identified and assessment of ABX-AEs of greatest clinical concern may inform antibiotic stewardship initiatives that incorporate reporting of ABX-AEs as a strategy to reduce unnecessary antibiotic use.
A National Laboratory Perspective: The Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on the Management of Patients With Non-Communicable Disease in South Africa: Impact of COVID-19 on patients with noncommunicable diseases
Authors: Kruger Elsie C. , Van der Westhuizen Diederick J. , Erasmus Rajiv T. , Banderker Razia B. , Jacob Doreen , Moodley Nareshni , Ngxamngxa Unathi , Kengne Andre P. , Zemlin Annalise E. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective:
The aim of this study was to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on test requests for the diagnosis and routine care of patients with various non-communicable diseases (NCD) across South Africa (SA).

Methods:
A retrospective audit of laboratory test requests received from hospital outpatient departments and primary healthcare facilities across SA was performed. The following analytes were studied: glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), lipids profiles, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and thyroxine (fT4), as well as triiodothyronine (fT3), serum protein electrophoresis (SPE), serum free light chains (SFLC), and prostate specific antigen (PSA); these tests were used as a proxy of NCD detection and follow-up. Requests received during the 3 waves of the pandemic were compared to requests received within the same period during 2017 - 2019.

Results:
During the first wave, requests for all analytes were reduced, with the biggest reduction observed for SPE (− 37%); TSH (− 29%); fT4 (− 28%); and HbA1c (− 25%). Requests received from urban facilities showed a larger decrease compared to those from rural facilities. During the third wave there was an increase in requests for all analytes; the biggest increase observed was for fT3 (21%) and HbA1c (18%).

Conclusions:
The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on the South African population receiving care in the public healthcare sector.
Gender gap in residential independence and employment of young people
Authors: Colom Andrés M. Consuelo , Molés Machí M. Cruz 
Published: January 2024

AbstractResidential independence and incorporation into the labour market are two fundamental aspects of the transition of young people to adulthood, and gender differences have been observed in both. This study aims to determine the reasons behind the gender gap seen in young adults leaving their parental home and in finding paid employment. We analyse both the decisions of residential independence and employment jointly, for the sample of men and that of women. We separate the influence of observed factors from the influence of unobserved factors or preferences on the gender gap using decomposition techniques. The analysis is carried out for two points in time; this temporal comparison can help demonstrate whether the recent social changes experienced have modified the behaviour patterns of young people. Our findings indicate that, in accordance with the trend observed in recent decades in Europe, there is a convergence between men and women in the residential independence of young adults in Spain. However, in the labour market, there is still much to be done to reduce the gender gap. One recommendation arising from our study would be to promote policies which further improve the conciliation of family and work life, since this could reduce female labour abandonment associated with starting a family or motherhood.
Identity Poetics in Modern Amazigh Poetry: Dramatizing History and Memory in Ali Sidki Azaykou's Poem “Taketbiyt”
Authors: Hamdoune Lahoussine 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA pioneer of the Amazigh Cultural Movement and modern Amazigh poetics, and one of the first intellectuals to interrogate – from the margin – Moroccan official historiography, Ali Sidki Azaykou has produced two collections of poetry, Timitar (Signs) and Izmuln (Scars), in addition to a posthumous collection, Indguiguen Aghaman (“Eternal Sparks”), appearing in 2019. The present article examines “Taketbiyt” (1971), a poem about the Koutoubia Tower in Marrakesh. While considering the poem, I use Pierre Nora's notion of “site[s] of memory” and Paul Ricœur's “trace of memory” to probe the significance of this centuries-old tower in Azaykou's poetry. I argue that Taketbiyt is evoked as a “site of memory” or a “trace of memory” to both remember and celebrate the forgotten Amazigh ancestry and history. I demonstrate that Azaykou's central concern, through such an act of remembrance, is to interrogate the biased representation of the Moroccan past in the present. As such, the poem complicates Amazigh cultural identity vis-à-vis the hegemony of Moroccan official historiography. Along with an abundance of metaphors, the poem displays an unparalleled allusive diction and a copious array of historical and geographical symbols. I conclude that, with its intellectually-informed theme and its self-consciously weaved form, “Taketbiyt” is a quintessential architype of modern Amazigh poetry.
Effects of physical form of β-lactoglobulin and calcium ingestion on GLP-1 secretion, gastric emptying and energy intake in humans: a randomised crossover trial
Authors: Watkins Jonathan D. , Smith Harry A. , Hengist Aaron , Nielsen Søren B. , Mikkelsen Ulla Ramer , Saunders John , Koumanov Francoise , Betts James A. , Gonzalez Javier T. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess whether adding Ca2+ to aggregate or native forms of β-lactoglobulin alters gut hormone secretion, gastric emptying rates and energy intake in healthy men and women. Fifteen healthy adults (mean ± sd: 9M/6F, age: 24 ± 5 years) completed four trials in a randomised, double-blind, crossover design. Participants consumed test drinks consisting of 30 g of β-lactoglobulin in a native form with (NATIVE + MINERALS) and without (NATIVE) a Ca2+-rich mineral supplement and in an aggregated form both with (AGGREG + MINERALS) and without the mineral supplement (AGGREG). Arterialised blood was sampled for 120 min postprandially to determine gut hormone concentrations. Gastric emptying was determined using 13C-acetate and 13C-octanoate, and energy intake was assessed with an ad libitum meal at 120 min. A protein × mineral interaction effect was observed for total glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1TOTAL) incremental AUC (iAUC; P < 0·01), whereby MINERALS + AGGREG increased GLP-1TOTAL iAUC to a greater extent than AGGREG (1882 ± 603 v. 1550 ± 456 pmol·l−1·120 min, P < 0·01), but MINERALS + NATIVE did not meaningfully alter the GLP-1 iAUC compared with NATIVE (1669 ± 547 v. 1844 ± 550 pmol·l−1·120 min, P = 0·09). A protein × minerals interaction effect was also observed for gastric emptying half-life (P < 0·01) whereby MINERALS + NATIVE increased gastric emptying half-life compared with NATIVE (83 ± 14 v. 71 ± 8 min, P < 0·01), whereas no meaningful differences were observed between MINERALS + AGGREG v. AGGREG (P = 0·70). These did not result in any meaningful changes in energy intake (protein × minerals interaction, P = 0·06). These data suggest that the potential for Ca2+ to stimulate GLP-1 secretion at moderate protein doses may depend on protein form. This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04659902).
The Spatial Heterogeneity of Cloud Phase Observed by Satellite
Authors: Sokol Adam B. , Storelvmo Trude 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe conduct a global assessment of the spatial heterogeneity of cloud phase within the temperature range where liquid and ice can coexist. Single‐shot Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization lidar retrievals are used to examine cloud phase at scales as fine as 333 m, and horizontal heterogeneity is quantified according to the frequency of switches between liquid and ice along the satellite's path. In the global mean, heterogeneity is greatest between −15 and −4°C with a peak at −5°C, when small patches of ice are prevalent within liquid‐dominated clouds. Heterogeneity “hot spots” are typically found over the extratropical continents, whereas phase is relatively homogeneous over the Southern Ocean and the eastern subtropical ocean basins, where supercooled liquid clouds dominate. Even at a fixed temperature, heterogeneity undergoes a pronounced annual cycle that, in most places, consists of a minimum during autumn or winter and a maximum during spring or summer. Based on this spatial and temporal variability, it is hypothesized that heterogeneity is affected by the availability of ice nucleating particles. These results can be used to improve the representation of subgrid‐scale heterogeneity in general circulation models, which has the potential to reduce longstanding model biases in cloud phase partitioning and radiative fluxes.
Crucial Role of Bacterial Processes in the Net Community Production of the Amundsen Sea Polynya Disclosed by a Modeling Study
Authors: Kwon Young Shin , Hahm Doshik , Rhee Tae Siek , Kang Hyoun‐Woo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe investigated seasonal net community production (NCP) variations in the productive Amundsen Sea Polynya, integrating observational data and ecosystem modeling. NCP estimates (NCPO2/Ar) from in situ O2/Ar data during the austral summer (January‐March) from 2011 to 2018 were compared with those from a one‐dimensional ecosystem model. Early January saw the highest NCPO2/Ar values ranging from 115 to 139 mmol O2 m−2 d−1 among observations. Over the summer, NCPO2/Ar gradually decreased, reaching 40 mmol O2 m−2 d−1 by late February. Late summer values, though one‐third of early January, remained notably positive, indicating net autotrophy. This persisted despite sea surface temperature dropping from >−0.4°C in January to −1.33°C in late February. Refining NCPO2/Ar, we modified bacterial dynamics in our ecosystem model. Significantly improved model performance resulted from two key modifications. First, we introduced bacterial uptake dependency on Phaeocystis primary production. Second, we heightened temperature‐dependent bacterial respiration and production approximately fifteenfold. These changes revealed NCP's remarkable sensitivity to minor temperature fluctuations (<1°C). Furthermore, modified bacterial dynamics delayed the net primary production peak by 2 weeks, underlining the importance of phytoplankton‐bacteria interaction in the ocean carbon cycle. Model results estimated annual NCP in the Amundsen Sea Polynya at 4.04 mol C m−2, aligning with summer NCP estimates (0.2–5.9 mol C m−2) in observational study. Our study advances NCP understanding in polar regions, emphasizing comprehensive observations, including bacterial processes, for understanding intricate biotic interactions. These findings align with past observations on bacterial metabolism and Phaeocystis ecological properties in the Antarctic oceans.
Cyclodiode vs micropulse transscleral laser treatment
Authors: Kelada Monica , Normando Eduardo M. , Cordeiro Francesca M. , Crawley Laura , Ahmed Faisal , Ameen Sally , Vig Niten , Bloom Philip 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Continuous-wave transscleral cyclophotocoagulation (CW-TSCP) is usually reserved for advanced/refractory glaucoma. Micropulse transscleral laser therapy (MPTLT) utilises short energy pulses separated by ‘off’-periods. MPTLT is postulated to have fewer complications, but its relative efficacy is not known. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) has deemed the evidence supporting MPTLT use of inadequate quality, limiting its use to research. This study aims to evaluate MPTLT efficacy and safety compared to CW-TSCP.

Methods
This 24-month follow-up retrospective audit included 85 CW-TSCP and 173 MPTLT eyes at a London tertiary referral centre. Primary outcome was success rate at the last follow-up; defined as at least 20% intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction with the same/fewer medications, and IOP between 6 and 18 mmHg. Secondary outcomes were acetazolamide use and success rates per glaucoma type. Safety outcomes were reported as complication rates.

Results
By 24-months, mean IOP reduced from 34.6[±1.4]mmHg to 19.0[ ± 3.0]mmHg post-CW-TSCP (p < 0.0001); and from 26.1[±0.8]mmHg to 19.1[±2.2]mmHg post-MPTLT (p < 0.0001). Average IOP decreased by 45.1% post-CW-TSCP, and 26.8% post-MPTLT. Both interventions reduced medication requirements (p ≤ 0.05). More CW-TSCP patients discontinued acetazolamide (p = 0.047). Overall success rate was 26.6% for CW-TSCP and 30.6% for MPTLT (p = 0.83). Only primary closed-angle glaucoma saw a significantly higher success rate following CW-TSCP (p = 0.014). CW-TSCP complication rate was significantly higher than MPTLT (p = 0.0048).

Conclusion
Both treatments significantly reduced IOP and medication load. CW-TSCP had a greater absolute/proportionate IOP-lowering effect, but it carried a significantly greater risk of sight-threatening complications. Further prospective studies are required to evaluate MPTLT compared to CW-TSCP.
Striatal dopamine signals reflect perceived cue–action–outcome associations in mice
Authors: Bernklau Tobias W. , Righetti Beatrice , Mehrke Leonie S. , Jacob Simon N. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractStriatal dopamine drives associative learning by acting as a teaching signal. Much work has focused on simple learning paradigms, including Pavlovian and instrumental learning. However, higher cognition requires that animals generate internal concepts of their environment, where sensory stimuli, actions and outcomes become flexibly associated. Here, we performed fiber photometry dopamine measurements across the striatum of male mice as they learned cue–action–outcome associations based on implicit and changing task rules. Reinforcement learning models of the behavioral and dopamine data showed that rule changes lead to adjustments of learned cue–action–outcome associations. After rule changes, mice discarded learned associations and reset outcome expectations. Cue- and outcome-triggered dopamine signals became uncoupled and dependent on the adopted behavioral strategy. As mice learned the new association, coupling between cue- and outcome-triggered dopamine signals and task performance re-emerged. Our results suggest that dopaminergic reward prediction errors reflect an agent’s perceived locus of control.
Historical and current distribution ranges of the Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus)
Authors: Waqar Unza , Mahmood Tariq , Mushtaq Muhammad , Murtaza Ghulam , Kashaf Muzna , Sheraz Ayesha 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe current distribution of Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus) is available on the IUCN Red List of Threatened species website; however, nothing is known about the historical extent and occurrence of this species. Therefore, we aimed to understand the historical distribution of the Asiatic black bear, and map and estimate its total size, to compare it with that of species current distribution. In addition, we analyzed a network of protected areas in the past and current ranges of the species. We employed geographic information system (GIS) software to reconstruct and measure the historical range of the Asiatic black bear, comparing past and current ranges to analyze its expected range contraction. The main focus of the study was to enhance our understanding of the species' historical distribution, contributing to better conservation strategies for the present and future perspectives. The utilization of GIS tools facilitates a comprehensive exploration of the factors influencing the species' decline, ultimately aiding in more effective management and conservation efforts. We used published records of black bear’s occurrence in anywhere in history to reconstruct its historical distribution range. Results revealed that the Asiatic black bear was more widely distributed in historical times and its range spanned across approximately 15.86 million km2 while its current range is limited to approximately 7.85 million km2, showing a range contraction of approximately 49.5% (8.02 million km2 reduced). The total protected areas in the historical range of the species were found to be N = 9933, with total size of 0.946 million km2, against N = 6580 (0.667 million km2) that are present in the current range. Approximately 27.5% of the protected areas have lost the Asiatic black bear since historical times.