bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What factors affect lymph node yield in surgery for rectal cancer?
Authors: Thorn C. C. , Woodcock N. P. , Scott N. , Verbeke C. , Scott S. B. , Ambrose N. S. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractObjective  The detection of lymph node metastases is of vital importance in patients undergoing excisional surgery for rectal cancer as it provides important prognostic information and facilitates decision‐making with regards to adjuvant therapy. It has been suggested that patients in whom only a small number of nodes are present in the excised specimen have a worse prognosis, presumably due to inadequate lymphadenectomy and consequent understaging of the disease. The aim of this study was to determine which factors affect the yield of lymph nodes.Methods  This was a retrospective study of patients who had undergone a resection for histologically proven adenocarcinoma of the rectum. The total number of lymph nodes identified in the excised specimen was recorded in each case. A multivariate analysis was performed to ascertain whether this number was significantly influenced by any of several variables.Results  A total of 167 patients were studied (M:F ratio 107 : 60, median age 70 years). The median number of lymph nodes contained within the resected specimen was 16 (interquartile range 10–21). On univariate analysis a significantly higher yield of lymph nodes was obtained with tumours in the middle third of the rectum (P = 0.007), larger tumours (P < 0.001), more locally advanced tumours according to both pT staging (P = 0.001) and Dukes' staging (P = 0.020), an increased number of involved nodes (P = 0.003) and examination by a specialist histopathologist (P = 0.003). On multivariate analysis the only significant variables were tumour size (P = 0.021), number of positive nodes (P = 0.007) and histopathologist (P = 0.021).Conclusions  The number of lymph nodes identified within the excised specimen in patients undergoing resection of a rectal cancer positively correlates with the size of the tumour and is also dependent on the examining histopathologist. In addition, in node‐positive patients the number of involved nodes increases with increasing lymph node yield.
Screening for DSM‐IV externalizing disorders with the Child Behavior Checklist: a receiver‐operating characteristic analysis
Authors: Hudziak James J. , Copeland William , Stanger Catherine , Wadsworth Martha 
Published: August 2004

Background:  This study examines the diagnostic accuracy of the CBCL syndrome AS scales for predicting DSM‐IV Attention Deficit‐Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Oppositional Defiant Disorder with or without Conduct Disorder (ODD/CD).Methods:  The sample included 370 children (187 probands and 183 siblings) participating in a family genetic study of attention and aggressive behavior problems. Univariate and stepwise logistic regression analyses were used to derive models for predicting two diagnostic conditions: ADHD and ODD/CD.Results:  The Attention Problems syndrome significantly predicted ADHD, and ODD/CD was significantly predicted by the Aggressive Behavior syndrome. Both scales demonstrated good diagnostic accuracy, as assessed through receiver operating characteristics analyses. Cut‐point analyses confirmed the utility of low T‐scores, 55 on the respective syndromes, for efficiently discriminating cases from noncases.Conclusions:  CBCL syndromes display good diagnostic efficiency for assessing common externalizing disorders in children.
Current conceptualisation of body image dissatisfaction: have we got it wrong?
Authors: Kostanski Marion , Fisher Adrian , Gullone Eleonora 
Published: August 2004

Background:  This study addresses limitations of previous research by examining the prevalence of body image dissatisfaction within two developmental periods: childhood and adolescence.Methods:  A sample of 448 boys and 508 girls completed self‐report measures of global body image dissatisfaction. Weight and height of all participants were also determined.Results:  Our results indicated that body image dissatisfaction differs significantly depending upon sex and body mass. Importantly, the results revealed a multi‐modal distribution in the data, particularly for boys. That is, for females there was a significant increase in body dissatisfaction across bodyweight, reflecting a predominant desire to be thinner. In contrast, for boys, there was a differential pattern; with those who were overweight wanting to be thinner, but those who were underweight wanting to be larger. Moreover, whilst for both sexes, body image dissatisfaction was found to be evident in childhood as well as adolescence, during the former developmental period, it appeared to be less pronounced.Conclusions:  These findings indicate that, contrary to previous propositions, body image dissatisfaction is of concern for males as well as females, although the distribution of such is strikingly different. The outcomes suggest that it is time to reframe our conceptualisation of this construct. Specifically, the identified non‐linear distribution of means indicates that inferential analysis of body image dissatisfaction data needs to be conducted independently for each sex, as well as each body mass grouping.
Annotation: Development of facial expression recognition from childhood to adolescence: behavioural and neurological perspectives
Authors: Herba Catherine , Phillips Mary 
Published: August 2004

Background: Intact emotion processing is critical for normal emotional development. Recent advances in neuroimaging have facilitated the examination of brain development, and have allowed for the exploration of the relationships between the development of emotion processing abilities, and that of associated neural systems.Methods: A literature review was performed of published studies examining the development of emotion expression recognition in normal children and psychiatric populations, and of the development of neural systems important for emotion processing.Results: Few studies have explored the development of emotion expression recognition throughout childhood and adolescence. Behavioural studies suggest continued development throughout childhood and adolescence (reflected by accuracy scores and speed of processing), which varies according to the category of emotion displayed. Factors such as sex, socio‐economic status, and verbal ability may also affect this development. Functional neuroimaging studies in adults highlight the role of the amygdala in emotion processing. Results of the few neuroimaging studies in children have focused on the role of the amygdala in the recognition of fearful expressions. Although results are inconsistent, they provide evidence throughout childhood and adolescence for the continued development of and sex differences in amygdalar function in response to fearful expressions. Studies exploring emotion expression recognition in psychiatric populations of children and adolescents suggest deficits that are specific to the type of disorder and to the emotion displayed.Conclusions: Results from behavioural and neuroimaging studies indicate continued development of emotion expression recognition and neural regions important for this process throughout childhood and adolescence. Methodological inconsistencies and disparate findings make any conclusion difficult, however. Further studies are required examining the relationship between the development of emotion expression recognition and that of underlying neural systems, in particular subcortical and prefrontal cortical structures. These will inform understanding of the neural bases of normal and abnormal emotional development, and aid the development of earlier interventions for children and adolescents with psychiatric disorders.
Recognition of own‐race and other‐race faces by three‐month‐old infants
Authors: Sangrigoli Sandy , De Schonen Scania 
Published: August 2004

Background:  People are better at recognizing faces of their own race than faces of another race. Such race specificity may be due to differential expertise in the two races.Method:  In order to find out whether this other‐race effect develops as early as face‐recognition skills or whether it is a long‐term effect of acquired expertise, we tested face recognition in 3‐month‐old Caucasian infants by conducting two experiments using Caucasian and Asiatic faces and a visual pair‐comparison task. We hypothesized that if the other race effect develops together with face processing skills during the first months of life, the ability to recognize own‐race faces will be greater than the ability to recognize other‐race faces: 3‐month‐old Caucasian infants should be better at recognizing Caucasian faces than Asiatic faces. If, on the contrary, the other‐race effect is the long‐term result of acquired expertise, no difference between recognizing own‐ and other‐race faces will be observed at that age.Results:  In Experiment 1, Caucasian infants were habituated to a single face. Recognition was assessed by a novelty preference paradigm. The infants’ recognition performance was better for Caucasian than for Asiatic faces. In Experiment 2, Caucasian infants were familiarized with three individual faces. Recognition was demonstrated with both Caucasian and Asiatic faces.Conclusions:  These results suggest that (i) the representation of face information by 3‐month‐olds may be race‐experience‐dependent (Experiment 1), and (ii) short‐term familiarization with exemplars of another race group is sufficient to reduce the other‐race effect and to extend the power of face processing (Experiment 2).
Face‐sensitive cortical processing in early infancy
Authors: Halit Hanife , Csibra Gergely , Volein Ágnes , Johnson Mark H. 
Published: August 2004

Background:  Debates about the developmental origins of adult face processing could be directly addressed if a clear infant neural marker could be identified. Previous research with infants remains open to criticism regarding the control stimuli employed.Methods:  We recorded ERPs from adults and 3‐month‐old infants while they watched faces and matched visual noise stimuli.Results:  We observed similar amplitude enhancement for faces in the infant N290 and adult N170. In contrast, the infant P400 showed only a latency effect, making it unlikely to be the main precursor of the adult N170.Conclusions:  We conclude that there is some degree of specificity of cortical processing of faces as early as 3 months of age.
Governance, Management, and Performance: They Matter
Authors: Coates Paul 
Published: August 2004

Books reviewed in this article:Carolyn J. Heinrich and Laurence E. Lynn, Jr., eds., Governance and Performance: New PerspectivesPatricia W. Ingraham, Philip G. Joyce, and Amy Kneedler Donahue, Government Performance: Why Management MattersJanet M. Kelly and William C. Rivenbark, Performance Budgeting for State and Local Government
What happens to patients with positive tissue transglutaminase and endomysium antibody results in general practice?
Authors: Sinclair D , Duncan H 
Published: August 2004

Background:A previous study showed that many patients with positive gut related antibodies (anti-tissue transglutaminase (TTG) and/or anti-endomysium (EMA) antibodies), indicative of coeliac disease, were not offered a duodenal biopsy, despite the recommendation of the British Society for Gastroenterology guidelines.Aims/Methods:To investigate whether the addition of a comment on the advisability of referral to a gastroenterologist and biopsy to each positive gut related antibody result would improve the referral rate to investigate possible coeliac disease.Results:The referral rate improved from 30.1% of patients who were referred and 18% subsequently biopsied before the addition of the comment, to 79.8% who were referred after the introduction of a specific laboratory comment attached to positive antibodies to TTG and/or EMA. All patients with these positive antibodies who were referred for consultant opinion were subsequently biopsied.Conclusions:To ensure that British Society for Gastroenterology guidelines are followed, laboratories should incorporate more explicit details on the recommended course of action for general practitioners on their receipt of positive gut antibodies to TTG/EMA.
CD133 positive endothelial progenitor cells contribute to the tumour vasculature in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Hilbe W , Dirnhofer S , Oberwasserlechner F , Schmid T , Gunsilius E , Hilbe G , Wöll E , Kähler C M 
Published: August 2004

Aims:Recent results generated in a mouse model suggest that tumour angiogenesis/vasculogenesis can be initiated and maintained by bone marrow derived endothelial progenitor cells. This present study investigated the distribution and frequency of CD133 positive endothelial progenitor cells in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (tumour tissue and tumour free lung regions) and healthy controls using fresh frozen specimens. The novel marker CD133 identifies human haemopoetic precursor cells, in addition to human endothelial progenitor cells.Methods:Seventy nine lung cancer specimens and 66 adjacent histologically tumour free tissues of the same patient cohort were analysed; 11 postmortem specimens from control patients who did not suffer from malignant disease served as controls. Cryostat sections were stained for CD133, CD31, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2; KDR), p53, and the proliferation marker Ki-67, and the correlations were analysed.Results:Forty three of 63 evaluable tumour specimens had increased numbers of CD133 positive cells and in some cases capillary forming CD133 positive structures were detectable. In addition, 30 of 63 specimens had raised expression of KDR and 29 of 63 had increased MVD. Increased CD133 expression marginally correlated with raised KDR expression but not with p53 and Ki-67.Conclusion:A significant increase in CD133 positive cells was documented in patients with NSCLC, suggesting an involvement of endothelial progenitor cells in tumour vasculogenesis and tumour growth in these patients.
Expression pattern of CK7, CK20, CDX-2, and villin in intestinal-type sinonasal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Kennedy M T , Jordan R C K , Berean K W , Perez-Ordoñez B 
Published: August 2004

Background:Intestinal-type sinonasal adenocarcinoma (ITAC) is an uncommon neoplasm, which resembles adenocarcinoma of the gastrointestinal tract. ITAC occurs sporadically or in association with occupational exposure to hardwood dust and other agents.Aims:To investigate the phenotype and possible pathogenetic mechanisms of primary sinonasal and nasopharyngeal adenocarcinomas by staining for cytokeratin 7 (CK7), CK20, CDX-2, and villin.Methods:Twelve sporadic sinonasal and nasopharyngeal adenocarcinomas were stained with monoclonal antibodies to CK7, CK20, CDX-2, and villin. The ITACs were classified as papillary, colonic, solid, mixed, or mucinous types.Results:The diagnosis of ITAC was confirmed in 10 cases: five were colonic type and five were papillary. One was a sinonasal papillary low grade adenocarcinoma, and one a papillary nasopharyngeal adenocarcinoma, and these tumours were CK7 positive, but CK20, CDX-2, and villin negative. All ITACs were positive for CK20, CDX-2, and villin, and six were CK7 positive. One ITAC had a focus of intestinal metaplasia away from the invasive carcinoma.Conclusions:Sinonasal ITACs have a distinctive phenotype, with all cases expressing CK20, CDX-2, and villin. Most ITACs also express CK7, although a proportion of tumours are CK7 negative. ITAC seems to be preceded by intestinal metaplasia of the respiratory mucosa, which is accompanied by a switch to an intestinal phenotype. Although ITACs are morphologically similar, differences in cytokeratin expression patterns suggest two distinct types. The expression pattern of CK7, CK20, CDX-2, and villin positive may be useful in separating these tumours from other non-ITAC adenocarcinomas of the sinonasal tract and nasopharynx.
Relation between lymphopenia and bacteraemia in UK adults with medical emergencies
Authors: Wyllie D H , Bowler I C J W , Peto T E A 
Published: August 2004

Aims:To determine the relevance of lymphopenia to the diagnosis of bacteraemia in patients admitted with medical emergencies, relative to peripheral blood white cell count and neutrophilia.Patients/Methods:A two year cohort study carried out in a teaching hospital in Oxford, UK of 21 495 consecutive adult emergency admissions to general medical or infectious disease wards. Full blood data were available in 21 372 cases; 41 cases with extreme full blood count results (neutrophil count, > 75 × 109/litre; lymphocyte count, > 10 × 109/litre) were excluded, leaving 21 331 cases for analysis. The association between the admission lymphocyte and neutrophil counts and the risk of bacteraemia was assessed.Results:Neutrophilia and lymphopenia were both associated with bacteraemia. Lymphopenia was the better predictor in this cohort. Both neutrophilia and lymphopenia were more predictive of bacteraemia than the total white blood cell count.Conclusions:Both lymphocyte and neutrophil counts, rather than total white blood cell count, should be considered in adult medical admissions with suspected bacteraemia.
Bone Marrow–Derived Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 Receptor CCR2 Is Critical in Angiotensin II–Induced Acceleration of Atherosclerosis and Aneurysm Formation in Hypercholesterolemic Mice
Authors: Ishibashi Minako , Egashira Kensuke , Zhao Qingwei , Hiasa Ken-ichi , Ohtani Kisho , Ihara Yoshiko , Charo Israel F. , Kura Shinobu , Tsuzuki Teruhisa , Takeshita Akira , Sunagawa Kenji 
Published: August 2004

Angiotensin II (Ang II) is implicated in atherogenesis by activating inflammatory responses in arterial wall cells. Ang II accelerates the atherosclerotic process in hyperlipidemic apoE−/− mice by recruiting and activating monocytes. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) controls monocyte-mediated inflammation through its receptor, CCR2. The roles of leukocyte-derived CCR2 in the Ang II-induced acceleration of the atherosclerotic process, however, are not known. We hypothesized that deficiency of leukocyte-derived CCR2 suppresses Ang II-induced atherosclerosis.Methods and Results—A bone marrow transplantation technique (BMT) was used to develop apoE−/− mice with and without deficiency of CCR2 in leukocytes (BMT-apoE−/−CCR2+/+ and BMT-apoE−/−CCR2−/− mice). Compared with BMT-apoE−/−CCR2+/+ mice, Ang II-induced increases in atherosclerosis plaque size and abdominal aortic aneurysm formation were suppressed in BMT-apoE−/−CCR2−/− mice. This suppression was associated with a marked decrease in monocyte-mediated inflammation and inflammatory cytokine expression.Conclusion—Leukocyte-derived CCR2 is critical in Ang II-induced atherosclerosis and abdominal aneurysm formation. The present data suggest that vascular inflammation mediated by CCR2 in leukocytes is a reasonable target of therapy for treatment of atherosclerosis.
Tracking CD40 signaling during germinal center development
Authors: Basso Katia , Klein Ulf , Niu Huifeng , Stolovitzky Gustavo A. , Tu Yuhai , Califano Andrea , Cattoretti Giorgio , Dalla-Favera Riccardo 
Published: August 2004

AbstractSubstantial evidence indicates that signaling through the CD40 receptor (CD40) is required for germinal center (GC) and memory B-cell formation. However, it is not fully understood at which stages of B-cell development the CD40 pathway is activated in vivo. To address this question, we induced CD40 signaling in human transformed GC B cells in vitro and identified a CD40 gene expression signature by DNA microarray analysis. This signature was then investigated in the gene expression profiles of normal B cells and found in pre- and post-GC B cells (naive and memory) but, surprisingly, not in GC B cells. This finding was validated in lymphoid tissues by showing that the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) transcription factors, which translocate to the nucleus upon CD40 stimulation, are retained in the cytoplasm in most GC B cells, indicating the absence of CD40 signaling. Nevertheless, a subset of centrocytes and B cells in the subepithelium showed nuclear staining of multiple NF-κB subunits, suggesting that a fraction of naive and memory B cells may be subject to CD40 signaling or to other signals that activate NF-κB. Together, these results show that GC expansion occurs in the absence of CD40 signaling, which may act only in the initial and final stages of the GC reaction. (Blood. 2004;104: 4088-4096)
Inducible chronic phase of myeloid leukemia with expansion of hematopoietic stem cells in a transgenic model of BCR-ABL leukemogenesis
Authors: Koschmieder Steffen , Göttgens Berthold , Zhang Pu , Iwasaki-Arai Junko , Akashi Koichi , Kutok Jeffery L. , Dayaram Tajhal , Geary Kristin , Green Anthony R. , Tenen Daniel G. , Huettner Claudia S. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractTo develop murine models of leukemogenesis, a series of transgenic mice expressing BCR-ABL in different hematopoietic cell subsets was generated. Here we describe targeted expression of P210 BCR-ABL in stem and progenitor cells of murine bone marrow using the tet-off system. The transactivator protein tTA was placed under the control of the murine stem cell leukemia (SCL) gene 3′ enhancer. Induction of BCR-ABL resulted in neutrophilia and leukocytosis, and the mice became moribund within 29 to 122 days. Autopsy of sick mice demonstrated splenomegaly, myeloid bone marrow hyperplasia, and extramedullary myeloid cell infiltration of multiple organs. BCR-ABL mRNA and protein were detectable in the affected organs. Fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis demonstrated a significant increase in mature and immature myeloid cells in bone marrow and spleen, together with increased bilineal B220+/Mac-1+ cells in the bone marrow. tTA mRNA was expressed in FACS-sorted hematopoietic stem cells expanded 26-fold after BCR-ABL induction. Thirty-one percent of the animals demonstrated a biphasic phenotype, consisting of neutrophilia and subsequent B-cell lymphoblastic disease, reminiscent of blast crisis. In summary, this mouse model recapitulates many characteristics of human chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and may help elucidate basic leukemogenic mechanisms in CML stem cells during disease initiation and progression. (Blood. 2005;105:324-334)
Alpha phenyl-tert-butyl nitrone (PBN) protects syngeneic marrow transplant recipients from the lethal cytokine syndrome occurring after agonistic CD40 antibody administration
Authors: Gendelman Maria , Halligan Nadine , Komorowski Richard , Logan Brent , Murphy William J. , Blazar Bruce R. , Pritchard Kirkwood A. , Drobyski William R. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractAdministration of agonistic monoclonal antibodies or recombinant cytokines is a potential approach to enhance antitumor immunity in bone marrow (BM) transplant recipients, but is complicated by toxicity due to proinflammatory cytokine-mediated vital organ damage. We used a murine syngeneic bone marrow transplant (BMT) model, in which administration of anti-CD40 antibody early after BMT results in overproduction of interleukin-12 (IL-12) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and lethal gut toxicity to examine the protective effect of the spin trap inhibitor, alpha phenyl-tert-butyl nitrone (PBN). Administration of PBN protected transplant recipients from mortality by significantly attenuating gut toxicity, but did not effect a reduction in the levels of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-12, IFN-γ, tumor necrosis factor α [TNF-α], or nitrate/nitrite). Moreover, PBN did not compromise anti-CD40 antibody-mediated antitumor effects in a nontransplantation lymphoma model. Collectively, these data suggest that PBN administration may represent a novel approach for reduction of toxicity without compromise of antitumor effects resulting from administration of therapeutic antibodies in both transplantation and nontransplantation settings. (Blood. 2005;105:428-431)