bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural characterization and calcium absorption‐promoting effect of sucrose‐calcium chelate in Caco‐2 monolayer cells and mice
Authors: Du Qian , Wang Ruiyan , Deng Zeyuan , Zhou Jianqun , Li Nan , Li Wenwen , Zheng Liufeng 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSucrose emerges as a chelating agent to form a stable sucrose‐metal‐ion chelate that can potentially improve metal‐ion absorption. This study aimed to analyze the structure of sucrose‐calcium chelate and its potential to promote calcium absorption in both Caco‐2 monolayer cells and mice. The characterization results showed that calcium ions mainly chelated with hydroxyl groups in sucrose to produce sucrose‐calcium chelate, altering the crystal structure of sucrose (forming polymer particles) and improving its thermal stability. Sucrose‐calcium chelate dose dependently increased the amount of calcium uptake, retention, and transport in the Caco‐2 monolayer cell model. Compared to CaCl2, there was a significant improvement in the proportion of absorbed calcium utilized for transport but not retention (93.13 ± 1.75% vs. 67.67 ± 7.55%). Further treatment of calcium channel inhibitors demonstrated the active transport of sucrose‐calcium chelate through Cav1.3. Cellular thermal shift assay and quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) assays indicated that the ability of sucrose‐calcium chelate to promote calcium transport was attributed to its superior ability to bind with PMCA1b, a calcium transporter located on the basement membrane, and stimulate its gene expression compared to CaCl2. Pharmacokinetic analysis of mice confirmed the calcium absorption‐promoting effect of sucrose‐calcium chelate, as evident by the higher serum calcium level (44.12 ± 1.90 mg/L vs. 37.42 ± 1.88 mmol/L) and intestinal PMCA1b gene expression than CaCl2. These findings offer a new understanding of how sucrose‐calcium chelate enhances intestinal calcium absorption and could be used as an ingredient in functional foods to treat calcium deficiency.Practical ApplicationThe development of high‐quality calcium supplements is crucial for addressing the various adverse symptoms associated with calcium deficiency. This study aimed to prepare a sucrose‐calcium chelate and analyze its structure, as well as its potential to enhance calcium absorption in Caco‐2 monolayer cells and mice. The results demonstrated that the sucrose‐calcium chelate effectively promoted calcium absorption. Notably, its ability to enhance calcium transport was linked to its strong binding with PMCA1b, a calcium transporter located on the basement membrane, and its capacity to stimulate PMCA1b gene expression. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of how the sucrose‐calcium chelate enhances intestinal calcium absorption and suggest its potential use as an ingredient in functional foods for treating calcium deficiency.
Aging clock based on nucleosome reorganisation derived from cell‐free DNA
Authors: Shtumpf Mariya , Jeong Seihee , Bikova Milena , Mamayusupova Hulkar , Ruje Luminita , Teif Vladimir B. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAging induces systematic changes in the distribution of nucleosomes, which affect gene expression programs. Here we reconstructed nucleosome maps based on cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) extracted from blood plasma using four cohorts of people of different ages. We show that nucleosomes tend to be separated by larger genomic distances in older people, and age correlates with the nucleosome repeat length (NRL). Furthermore, we developed the first aging clock based on cfDNA nucleosomics. Machine learning based on cfDNA distance distributions allowed predicting person's age with the median absolute error of 3–3.5 years.
Alcohol and its metabolites dysregulate cellular bioenergetics and induce oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress in primary human bronchial epithelial cells
Authors: Kaphalia Lata , Srinivasan Mukund P. , Kaphalia Bhupendra S. , Calhoun William J. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundChronic alcohol consumption/misuse is a significant risk factor for pneumonia and lung infection leading to the development of chronic pulmonary disorders such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung fibrosis. In this study, we sought to delineate the mechanism of alcohol‐associated lung disease. We did so by measuring in vitro mitochondrial, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) oxidative stress in human bronchial epithelial cells (hBECs) treated with ethanol and its oxidative (acetaldehyde) and nonoxidative (fatty acid ethyl esters or FAEEs) metabolites.MethodsPrimary hBECs from a normal subject were treated with relevant concentrations of ethanol and its metabolites and incubated at 37°C for 24 h. Viability and cytotoxicity were determined using cell viability and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay kits, respectively. Oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and reduced glutathione (GSH) were measured by colorimetric reaction, and 4‐hydroxynenonal (4HNE) by immunohistochemistry. Endoplasmic reticulum stress and dysregulated cellular bioenergetics were determined by western blot analysis. Mitochondrial stress and real‐time ATP production rates were determined using a Seahorse Extracellular Flux analyzer. Amelioration of ethanol‐induced oxidative/ER stress and mitochondrial energetics was determined using an AMPKα agonist.ResultsHuman bronchial epithelial cells treated with ethanol, acetaldehyde, and FAEEs showed a concentration‐dependent increase in the secretion of LDH, oxidative/ER stress, deactivation of AMPKα phosphorylation and mitochondrial stress (decreased spare respiratory capacity) with concomitant decreases in mitochondrial and glycolytic ATP production rates. FAEEs caused greater cytotoxicity, ER stress, and dysregulated cellular bioenergetics than those ethanol and its oxidative metabolite. AMPKα agonist‐pretreated cells significantly ameliorated ethanol‐induced oxidative/ER stress, deactivation of AMPKα, and dysregulated cellular bioenergetics.ConclusionsFindings of this study suggest that ethanol and its metabolites contribute to cytotoxicity, oxidative/ER stress, and dysregulation of cellular bioenergetics in hBECs. The attenuation of ethanol‐induced ER/oxidative stress and mitochondrial respiration by an AMPKα agonist may reflect a potential for it to be developed as a therapeutic agent for chronic alcohol‐associated lung disease.
Natural forest regeneration over a fallow age chronosequence in central African moist forests
Authors: Loubota Panzou Grace Jopaul , Mankessi François , Tsiba Ngambou Floriane Célia , Douh Chauvelin , Ndzai Saint Fédriche , Nzala Donatien , Koubouana Félix 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA better understanding of the natural regeneration in tropical forests could help develop more effective restoration strategies. This study examined relationships in structural and diversity attributes of natural regeneration in five forest fallow ages after slash‐and‐burn agriculture (6 months, 2 years, 5 years, 10 years, and 15 years) in the Republic of Congo. For each fallow age, all stems with a diameter ≥1 cm and below 5 cm (height ≥ 130 cm), corresponding to natural forest regeneration, were identified to the species level, and measured (diameter and height) in 12 plots (10 m × 10 m). Three structural attributes (stem density, maximum diameter, and maximum height) and five diversity indices (species richness, Shannon diversity, Simpson diversity, Fisher's alpha and Pielou's evenness) were estimated at the plot level. Our results revealed an increase in structural and diversity attributes with fallow ages, except stem density. The young fallow (6 months, 2 years and 5 years) had greater stem density (61 ± 48 stems), while the old fallow (10 years and 15 years) had higher maximum height (5.39 ± 2.36 m) and Shannon's index (0.94 ± 0.18). These results provided new insights into natural regeneration between young and old secondary forests.
Diagnosis and treatment of recurrent syncope in a middle‐aged women
Authors: He Wenyi , Fu Xin , Du Xinyue , Deng Guolan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA 50‐year‐old female patient, presented with repeated syncope for more than 2 years. Prior assessments were conducted at different hospitals, but no definite abnormalities were found. The patient's fear and anxiety about possible future attacks were escalating. Through a Head‐up tilt test, the cause was finally identified as vasovagal syncope. Following a 5‐min administration of nitroglycerin, the patient reported palpitations, nausea, and deep, rapid breathing. The electrocardiogram initially showed a first‐degree atrioventricular block, progressing swiftly to a second‐degree type I atrioventricular block—high atrioventricular block. Immediate intervention was undertaken, but blood pressure was not instantly ascertainable, coinciding with an abrupt loss of consciousness. Subsequent electrocardiographic findings included paroxysmal third‐degree atrioventricular block, sinus arrest, and complete cardiac arrest, prompting the initiation of external cardiac compressions. The longest recorded ventricular arrest approximated 15 s, with sinus rhythm resuming post 10 s of cardiac compressions and the patient regaining consciousness. The patient underwent vagal ablation and no longer experienced syncope.
Preterm birth and subsequent intelligence and academic performance in youth: A cohort study
Authors: Sejer Emilie Pi Fogtmann , Ladelund Agnes Kielgast , Bruun Frederik Jager , Slavensky Julie Anna , Mortensen Erik Lykke , Kesmodel Ulrik Schiøler 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntroductionWorldwide, more children than before survive preterm birth. Preterm birth can affect long‐term cognitive outcomes. The aim of our study was to investigate the association between preterm birth and academic performance and intelligence in youth.Material and methodsThis cohort study included all liveborn children in Denmark from 1978 to 2000. We used uni‐ and multivariable logistic and linear regressions to analyze associations between gestational age and school graduation, grade point average (GPA), attending conscription, and male intelligence scores at conscription. We adjusted for a priori defined potential confounders.ResultsThe study included 1 450 681 children and found an association between preterm birth and lower academic performance, with children born extremely preterm having the lowest odds of graduating from lower‐ and upper secondary education (LSE and USE) and appearing before the conscription board (odds ratios of 0.45 [0.38–0.54], 0.52 [0.46–0.59], and 0.47 [0.39–0.56] for LSE, USE, and conscription, respectively, compared to the term group). Statistically significant differences were observed in LSE for total GPA and core subject GPA with higher GPAs in the term group, which were considered clinically relevant for mathematics with a 0.71 higher grade point for the term compared to the extremely preterm. Conversely, USE differences were less evident, and in linear regression models we found that preterm birth was associated with higher GPAs in the adjusted analyses; however, this was not statistically significant. We demonstrated statistically significant differences in intelligence scores at conscription with lower scores in the three preterm groups (−5.13, −2.73, and − 0.76, respectively) compared to the term group.ConclusionsLow gestational age at birth was associated with not graduating from LSE and USE, achieving lower GPAs in LSE, not attending conscription, and lower intelligence scores in young adulthood. The findings remained significant after adjusting for potential confounders.
Editorial: How often can we get the right diagnosis after bone marrow transplant in patients with abnormal liver function tests? Authors' reply
Authors: Dezan Maria Gabriela Fernandes , Cavalcante Lourianne Nascimento , Silva Hugo Rodrigues Carvalho , de Moura Almeida Alessandro , de Assis Luiz Henrique dos Santos , de Freitas Tiago Thalles , de Araújo Marco Aurélio Salvino , Cotrim Helma Pinchemel , Lyra Andre Castro 
Published: February 2024

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Dezan et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17756 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17840
Letter: Should ulcerative colitis be monitored more or less invasively? Authors' reply
Authors: Lenfant Matthias , Verstockt Bram , Sabino João , Vermeire Séverine , Ferrante Marc 
Published: February 2024

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Lenfant et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17753 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17873
Diversification in subsistence pattern of animal resources in the Hengduan Mountains: Multi‐isotopic evidence of Yingpanshan and Guijiabao site (5300–4000 cal. BP), China
Authors: Xu Ran , Wu Xiaotong , Zhou Zhiqing , Chen Jian , Hao Xiaoxiao , Zhang Xingxiang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe Hengduan Mountains are located on the southeastern edge of the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau, where farmers began to settle 6000 years ago. Animal husbandry plays a significant role in the sustenance economies of agricultural civilizations. It is unclear how Neolithic people acquired animal resources in the Hengduan Mountains. We explore animal geographical origins and feeding practices using the strontium, carbon, and oxygen isotope composition of tooth enamel at the Guijiabao and Yingpanshan sites during the Neolithic Age in the Hengduan Mountains. Multi‐isotopic evidence demonstrates that animals originate from several different regions with diverse foods. Guijiabao domestic dogs and pigs with a mixed C3/C4 diet share a similarly broad dietary spectrum with humans as enclosed animals, but the other pigs are wild boars with a C3 diet, likely free‐range animals or directly captured as meat resources. Yingpanshan dogs and pigs are both domestic animals with a mixed C3/C4 or C4‐based diet, but pigs with different 87Sr/86Sr ratios are likely raised by dispersed feeding modes. The inhabitants had diverse approaches for obtaining animal resources, including husbandry, hunting, and exchange. Diverse animal subsistence patterns are closely related to the complex geographical environment, reflecting the adaptation of farmers living in the high mountain valley regions.
The heart of VIALE‐A: Cardiac complications of hypomethylating agents and venetoclax in acute myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Patel Shyam A. 
Published: February 2024

As we commemorate 50 years since the introduction of classical 7 + 3 induction chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), we also embark upon new territory with the advent of novel targeted therapeutics, including BH3 mimetics. To date, we do not have much large‐scale longitudinal data regarding the toxicities of such novel therapies. Johnson et al. perform a comprehensive analysis of cardiac toxicities with hypomethylating agents and venetoclax and offer valuable insight into risk–benefit analysis when considering front‐line therapy for AML.Commentary on: Johnson et al. Cardiac events in newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukaemia during treatment with venetoclax + hypomethylating agents. Br J Haematol 2024;204:1232‐1237.
Application of plasma circulating KRAS mutations as a predictive biomarker for targeted treatment of pancreatic cancer
Authors: Lee Mi Rim , Woo Sang Myung , Kim Min Kyeong , Han Sung‐Sik , Park Sang‐Jae , Lee Woo Jin , Lee Dong‐eun , Choi Sun Il , Choi Wonyoung , Yoon Kyong‐Ah , Chun Jung Won , Kim Yun‐Hee , Kong Sun‐Young 
Published: February 2024

AbstractKirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) mutations in circulating tumor deoxyribonucleic acid (ctDNA) have been reported as representative noninvasive prognostic markers for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Here, we aimed to evaluate single KRAS mutations as prognostic and predictive biomarkers, with an emphasis on potential therapeutic approaches to PDAC. A total of 128 patients were analyzed for multiple or single KRAS mutations (G12A, G12C, G12D, G12R, G12S, G12V, and G13D) in their tumors and plasma using droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR). Overall, KRAS mutations were detected by multiplex ddPCR in 119 (93%) of tumor DNA and 68 (53.1%) of ctDNA, with a concordance rate of 80% between plasma ctDNA and tumor DNA in the metastatic stage, which was higher than the 44% in the resectable stage. Moreover, the prognostic prediction of both overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) was more relevant using plasma ctDNA than tumor DNA. Further, we evaluated the selective tumor‐suppressive efficacy of the KRAS G12C inhibitor sotorasib in a patient‐derived organoid (PDO) from a KRAS G12C‐mutated patient using a patient‐derived xenograft (PDX) model. Sotorasib showed selective inhibition in vitro and in vivo with altered tumor microenvironment, including fibroblasts and macrophages. Collectively, screening for KRAS single mutations in plasma ctDNA and the use of preclinical models of PDO and PDX with genetic mutations would impact precision medicine in the context of PDAC.
Adoptive parent linguistics: Links to adoptees' relationships with their birth mother
Authors: Wright Anna W. , Lo Albert Y. H. , McGinnis Hollee , Leslie Carine , Grotevant Harold D. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe study addressed whether specific linguistic variables used by adoptive parents were associated with ratings of the adoptee's relationship with their birth mothers.BackgroundParents transmit their beliefs and values to children through verbal and nonverbal communication. The ways in which adoptive parents discuss their child's adoption and birth family can influence the child's adoptive identity development and satisfaction with their adoption arrangements.MethodParticipants included mothers, fathers, and adolescents (M age = 15.7 years) in 177 adoptive families of children who were adopted domestically as infants by same‐race parents. The Linguistic Analysis and Word Count 2015 (LIWC2015) program was used to code adoptive parents' interviews regarding their thoughts and feelings about adoption and their child's birth family. Adolescents' views of birth mothers were coded from their interviews.ResultsThere were significant differences in linguistic patterns when adoptive parents discussed adoption generally compared to when they discussed their child's birth family. Specific linguistic variables used by adoptive mothers and fathers were significantly associated with adopted adolescents' perceptions and feelings towards their birth mothers.
Investigation of the effects of colour on the user's fabric handle perception and warm/cool feeling
Authors: Atav Rıza , Keskin Seda 
Published: February 2024

AbstractColour has been an indispensable element for humanity from past to present. Colour, which in the past was used only to add visual appeal and to differentiate from others, is now also used for various functional purposes (such as textiles that change colour with heat). The aim of this study is to investigate whether the fabric colour has an effect on the handle perception and warm/cool feeling of the user. Studies have shown that, in subjective evaluations, fabrics with warm colours (yellow, red and orange) cause softer and warmer feeling than those with cool colours (blue, green and purple). In fact, considering that there is no statistically significant difference between the handle and temperature values determined by objective test methods, it can be said that this perception may arise from the psychological effect of colour. All these results reveal that colour, beyond adding visual appreciation to the fabric, also has an effect on handle perception and warm/cool feeling, which play an important role in the purchasing process for customers.
Economic insecurity and the demand for populism in Europe
Authors: Guiso L. , Herrera H. , Morelli M. , Sonno T. 
Published: February 2024

We document the spiral of populism in Europe and the direct and indirect role of economic insecurity shocks. Using survey data on individual voting, we make two contributions to the literature. (i) Economic insecurity shocks have a significant impact on the populist vote share, directly as demand for protection, and indirectly through the induced changes in trust and attitudes. (ii) A key consequence of increased economic insecurity is a drop in turnout. The impact of this largely neglected turnout effect is substantial: conditional on voting, when economic insecurity increases, almost 40% of the induced change in the vote for a populist party comes from the turnout channel.
Classification of intrusion cyber‐attacks in smart power grids using deep ensemble learning with metaheuristic‐based optimization
Authors: Naeem Hamad , Ullah Farhan , Srivastava Gautam 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe most advanced power grid design, known as a ‘smart power grid’, integrates information and communication technology (ICT) with a conventional grid system to enable remote management of electricity distribution. The intelligent cyber‐physical architecture enables bidirectional, real‐time data sharing between electricity suppliers and consumers through smart meters and advanced metering infrastructure (AMI). Data protection issues, such as data tampering, firmware exploitation, and the leakage of sensitive information arise due to the smart power grid's substantial reliance on ICT. To maintain reliable and efficient power distribution, these issues must be identified and resolved quickly. Intrusion detection is essential for providing secure services and alerting system administrators in the case of adversary attacks. This paper proposes an intrusion classification scheme that identifies several types of cyber attacks on modern smart power grids. Grey‐Wolf metaheuristic optimization‐based feature selection is used to learn non‐linear, overlapping, and complex electrical grid properties. An extended deep‐stacked ensemble technique is advanced by putting predictions from weak learners (CNNs) into a meta‐learner (MLP). The outcomes of this approach are explained and confirmed using explainable AI (XAI). The publicly available dataset from Mississippi State University and Oak Ridge National Laboratory (MSU‐ORNL) is used to conduct experiments. The experimental results show that the proposed method achieved a peak accuracy of 96.6% while scrutinizing the original MSU‐ORNL data feature set and a maximum accuracy of 99% when analysing the selected feature set. Therefore, the proposed intrusion classification scheme may protect smart power grid systems against cyber security attacks.