bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FR0 jets and recollimation-induced instabilities
Authors: Costa A. , Bodo G. , Tavecchio F. , Rossi P. , Capetti A. , Massaglia S. , Sciaccaluga A. , Baldi R. D. , Giovannini G. 
Published: February 2024

Context.The recently discovered population of faint Fanaroff-Riley type 0 (FR0) radio galaxies has been interpreted as the extension to low power of the classical FRI sources. Their radio emission appears to be concentrated in very compact parsec scale cores, any extended emission is very weak or absent, and very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations show that jets are already mildly or sub-relativistic at parsec scales. Based on these observational properties, we propose here that the jets of FR0s are strongly decelerated and disturbed at the parsec scale by hydrodynamical instabilities.Aims.With the above scenario in mind, we studied the dynamics of a low-power relativistic jet propagating into a confining external medium, focusing on the effects of entrainment and mixing promoted by the instabilities developing at the jet-environment interface downstream of a recollimation shock.Methods.We performed a 3D relativistic hydrodynamical simulation of a recollimated jet by means of the state-of-the-art code PLUTO. The jet was initially conical, relativistic (with an initial Lorentz factor Γ = 5), cold, and light with respect to the confining medium, whose pressure is assumed to slowly decline with distance. The magnetic field is assumed to be dynamically unimportant.Results.The 3D simulation shows that, after the first recollimation and reflection shock system, a rapidly growing instability develops, as a result of the interplay between recollimation-induced instabilities and Richtmyer-Meshkov modes. In turn, the instabilities promote strong mixing and entrainment that rapidly lead to the deceleration of the jet and spread its momentum to slowly moving, highly turbulent external gas. We argue that this mechanism could account for the peculiarities of the low-power FR0 jets. For outflows with a higher power, Lorentz factor, or magnetic field, we expect that the destabilizing effects are less effective, allowing the survival of the jet up to the kiloparsec scale, as observed in FRIs.
The rise and fall of bars in disc galaxies from z = 1 to z = 0
Authors: Rosas-Guevara Yetli , Bonoli Silvia , Misa Moreira Carmen , Izquierdo-Villalba David 
Published: February 2024

Context. Stellar bars are non-axisymmetric structures found in over 30 per cent of massive disc galaxies in the local Universe. The environment could play a significant role in determining whether or not a spiral galaxy is likely to develop a bar.
Aims. We investigate the influence of the environment on the evolution of barred and unbarred disc galaxies with a mass of larger than 1010 M⊙ from z = 1 down to z = 0, employing the TNG50 magnetic-hydrodynamical simulation.
Methods. We determined the fraction of barred galaxies that conserve their bar and the fraction of those that lost it by z = 0. We also estimate the fraction of unbarred galaxies at z = 1 that develop a bar at later times. We study the merger histories and the distance of close companions for each category to understand the role of the environment in the evolution of these galaxies.
Results. We find that 49 per cent of z = 1 disc galaxies undergo a morphological transformation, transitioning into either a lenticular or spheroidal galaxy, while the other 51 per cent retain the large disc shape. The morphological alteration is mostly influenced by the environment. Lenticular and spheroidal galaxies tend to exist in denser environments and have more frequent mergers compared to disc galaxies. We find that bars are stable after they have formed, as over half of the barred galaxies (60.2 per cent) retain the bar structure and have experienced fewer mergers compared to those galaxies that lose their bars (5.6 per cent). These latter galaxies start with weaker and shorter bars at z = 1, are influenced by tidal interactions, and are frequently observed in more populated areas. Additionally, our study reveals that less than 20 per cent of unbarred galaxies will never develop a bar and exhibit the quietest merger history. Unbarred galaxies that undergo bar formation after z = 1 more frequently experience a merger event. Furthermore, tidal interactions with a close companion may account for bar formation in at least one-third of these instances.
Conclusions. Our findings highlight that stable bars are prevalent in disc galaxies. Bar evolution may nonetheless be affected by the environment. Interactions with nearby companions or tidal forces caused by mergers have the capacity to disrupt the disc. This perturbance may materialise as the dissolution of the bar, the formation of a bar, or, in its most severe form, the complete destruction of the disc, resulting in morphological transformation. Bars that are weak and short at z = 1 and undergo major or minor mergers may eventually dissolve, whereas unbarred galaxies that enter crowded environments or experience a merger may develop a bar.
Radiomics Analysis of Multiparametric PET/MRI for N- and M-Staging in Patients with Primary Cervical Cancer
Authors: Umutlu Lale , Nensa Felix , Demircioglu Aydin , Antoch Gerald , Herrmann Ken , Forsting Michael , Grueneisen Johannes Stefan 
Published: February 2024

Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of multiparametric 18F-FDG PET/MR imaging as a platform for radiomics analysis and machine learning algorithms based on primary cervical cancers to predict N- and M-stage in patients.
Materials and Methods A total of 30 patients with histopathological confirmation of primary and untreated cervical cancer were prospectively enrolled for a multiparametric 18F-FDG PET/MR examination, comprising a dedicated protocol for imaging of the female pelvis. The primary tumor in the uterine cervix was manually segmented on post-contrast T1-weighted images. Quantitative features were extracted from the segmented tumors using the Radiomic Image Processing Toolbox for the R software environment for statistical computing and graphics. 45 different image features were calculated from non-enhanced as well as post-contrast T1-weighted TSE images, T2-weighted TSE images, the ADC map, the parametric Ktrans, Kep, Ve and iAUC maps and PET images, respectively. Statistical analysis and modeling was performed using Python 3.5 and the scikit-learn software machine learning library for the Python programming language.
Results Prediction of M-stage was superior when compared to N-stage. Prediction of M-stage using SVM with SVM-RFE as feature selection obtained the highest performance providing sensitivity of 91 % and specificity of 92 %. Using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis of the pooled predictions, the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.97. Prediction of N-stage using RBF-SVM with MIFS as feature selection reached sensitivity of 83 %, specificity of 67 % and an AUC of 0.82.
Conclusion M- and N-stage can be predicted based on isolated radiomics analyses of the primary tumor in cervical cancers, thus serving as a template for noninvasive tumor phenotyping and patient stratification using high-dimensional feature vectors extracted from multiparametric PET/MRI data.
Key points:
Enger Spinalkanal und osteoligamentäre Verletzung HWS – konservative Therapie
Authors: Thomé Claudius 
Published: February 2024

ZusammenfassungSeit der Beschreibung des traumatischen zentromedullären Syndroms (traumatic central cord syndrome, TCCS) als Rückenmarksschädigung durch
Kontusionierung bei vorbestehendem engen zervikalen Spinalkanal durch Schneider 1954 wurden
betroffene Patient:innen aufgrund der häufig spontanen neurologischen Erholung in erster Linie
konservativ behandelt. Mit der Erkenntnis, dass relativ häufig strukturelle und potentiell
instabile Verletzungen in diesen Fällen vorliegen und der zunehmend aggressiven (frühen)
chirurgischen Versorgung von Rückenmarkstraumen im Allgemeinen, wird aktuell auch beim TCCS
eine operative Therapie propagiert. Bei osteoligamentärer Verletzung und Instabilität macht
dies Sinn, während die Datenlage beim klassischen TCCS, also der Rückenmarkskontusionierung
alleine durch Hyperextension bei engem Spinalkanal ohne (instabile) Verletzung, unklar ist.
Vergleichende Studien konnten keinen Vorteil der operativen Versorgung nachweisen. Da die
radiologische Detektion von diskoligamentären Verletzungen bei begleitenden degenerativen
Veränderungen schwierig sein kann und nicht selten eine anhaltende Rückenmarkskompression
bildgebend vorliegt, ist eine aggressive operative Vorgehensweise durchaus zu rechtfertigen.
TCCS-Patient:nnen mit geringer neurologischer Symptomatik, die keine Rückenmarkskompression in
der Bildgebung zeigen, können jedoch präferentiell konservativ versorgt werden.
Enger Spinalkanal und osteoligamentäre Verletzung der Halswirbelsäule – Synthese
Authors: Hoffmann Christoph-Heinrich , Kandziora Frank 
Published: February 2024

ZusammenfassungPatienten mit Spinalkanalstenose und osteoligamentärer Verletzung stellen ein sehr heterogenes Kollektiv dar. Neurologisches Defizit, Ausmaß und Lokalisation der Stenose wie auch des Myelonschadens variieren ebenso wie das Ausmaß und die Lokalisation der osteoligamentären Verletzung. Einheitliche Therapierichtlinien, insbesondere zur Operationsindikation, liegen daher nicht vor. Einigkeit besteht darin, dass instabile Wirbelsäulenverletzungen in stabile operativ überführt werden. Bei Vorliegen einer stabilen Verletzung sind patientenspezifische Faktoren für die Wahl der Therapie entscheidend, da die Studienlage nach wie vor kein ausreichendes Evidenzniveau ergibt.
OF2 # mit sekundärer Sinterung – operative Therapie
Authors: Kobbe Philipp 
Published: February 2024

ZusammenfassungEine sekundäre Nachsinterung bei osteoporotischen Frakturen unter Mobilisation tritt häufig auf und führt nicht zwangsläufig zum Verlassen der konservativen Therapiestrategie. Niemals sollte eine Therapieentscheidung rein bildmorphologisch gestellt werden, jedoch liefert eine genaue Analyse der initialen computer- und kernspintomographischen Bilder häufig bereits einen Anhalt bezüglich des Risikos einer sekundären Nachsinterung bis hin zum vertebralen Kollaps. Diese Risikofaktoren müssen in die Therapieplanung einbezogen werden und können die Indikation zur operativen Therapie frühzeitig triggern. Hierbei stellt die Kyphoplastie die Methode der Wahl dar, sollte jedoch bei Osteonekrosezonen oder größeren Endplattendefekten zu Gunsten einer Hybridstabilisierung in den Hintergrund rücken. Invasive dorso-ventrale Versorgungen sind Einzelfällen, insbesondere bei eingetretenem vertebralem Kollaps, vorbehalten.
Placenta Invasion Anomaly without Placenta Previa in the First
Trimester of Pregnancy and its Conservative Management: A Case
Presentation
Authors: Jafarzade Aytaj 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDiagnosing placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) is rather difficult in the first
trimester of pregnancy. Especially if the localization of the placenta is not in
and around the cervical canal, this may not attract the attention of
obstetricians. Early diagnosis can decrease bleeding during curettage or
miscarriage, but there are no guidelines regarding its diagnosis in the first
trimester. In addition, there is insufficient evidence-based knowledge in the
literature on the management and treatment of PAS without placenta previa. In
this article, conservative treatment without hysterectomy of a patient diagnosed
with PAS in first trimester was presented.
An Evaluation of the Relationship between Professional Self-esteem and Job Satisfaction Levels of Audiologists According to Their Workplace Types
Authors: Cengiz Deniz U. , Karababa Ercan , Çolak Sanem C. , Kurtcu Büşra , Demirel Birişik Sümeyye , Erbek Seyra 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background The concept of occupational self-esteem is the value judgment developed toward the chosen profession, whereas job satisfaction includes positive emotional attitudes toward the job. Professional self-esteem and job satisfaction levels of audiologists are a matter of curiosity.
Purpose To determine the effect of the workplace types of audiologists in Türkiye on their professional self-esteem and job satisfaction levels.
Study Sample The study included 307 audiologists working in various types of workplaces. Participation in the study was voluntary.
Data Collection A Personal Information Form, Arıcak's Occupational Self-Esteem Scale, and the Minnesota Job Satisfaction Scale were administered to all individuals via Google forms and the scale scores were compared according to the workplace types.
Results A statistically significant relationship was found between professional self-esteem and job satisfaction, age, satisfaction with workplace, satisfaction with working conditions, effect of workplace on professional development, and income satisfaction (p < 0.05). However, no statistically significant relationship was found between professional self-esteem and professional tenure and tenure in the current organization (p > 0.05). There was a strong positive statistically significant relationship between job satisfaction and professional self-esteem of audiologists working at state hospitals, hearing aid centers, university hospitals, rehabilitation centers, and cochlear implant centers and academics (p < 0.05).
Conclusion According to the present results, although the professional self-esteem of audiologists in Türkiye showed a small difference according to the type of workplace, their mean score was high. This shows that audiologists enjoy their profession. Job satisfaction levels were lower especially in rehabilitation centers and private hospitals. We think that improving the working conditions of audiologists in private institutions will be effective in improving the services provided to patients by leading to better job satisfaction.
Causal Effects of COVID-19 on the Risk of Thrombosis: A Two-Sample Mendel Randomization Study
Authors: Li Zhengran , Zeng Minghui , Wu Tong , Wang Zijin , Sun Yuxin , Zhang Ziran , Wu Fanye , Chen Zejun , Fu Min , Meng Fanke 
Published: February 2024

Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and thrombosis are linked, but the biomolecular mechanism is unclear. We aimed to investigate the causal relationship between COVID-19 and thrombotic biomarkers.
Methods We used two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) to assess the effect of COVID-19 on 20 thrombotic biomarkers. We estimated causality using inverse variance weighting with multiplicative random effect, and performed sensitivity analysis using weighted median, MR-Egger regression and MR Pleiotropy Residual Sum and Outlier (MR-PRESSO) methods. All the results were examined by false discovery rate (FDR) with the Benjamin and Hochberg method for this correction to minimize false positives. We used R language for the analysis.
Results All COVID-19 classes showed lower levels of tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) and interleukin-1 receptor type 1 (IL-1R1). COVID-19 significantly reduced TFPI (odds ratio [OR] = 0.639, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.435–0.938) and IL-1R1 (OR = 0.603, 95% CI = 0.417–0.872), nearly doubling the odds. We also found that COVID-19 lowered multiple coagulation factor deficiency protein 2 and increased C–C motif chemokine 3. Hospitalized COVID-19 cases had less plasminogen activator, tissue type (tPA) and P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 (PSGL-1), while severe cases had higher mean platelet volume (MPV) and lower platelet count. These changes in TFPI, tPA, IL-1R1, MPV, and platelet count suggested a higher risk of thrombosis. Decreased PSGL-1 indicated a lower risk of thrombosis.
Conclusion TFPI, IL-1R, and seven other indicators provide causal clues of the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and thrombosis. This study demonstrated that COVID-19 causally influences thrombosis at the biomolecular level.
Merging Humans and Neuroprosthetics through Regenerative Peripheral Nerve Interfaces
Authors: Tian Yucheng , Vaskov Alex K. , Adidharma Widya , Cederna Paul S. , Kemp Stephen W.P. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractLimb amputations can be devastating and significantly affect an individual's independence, leading to functional and psychosocial challenges in nearly 2 million people in the United States alone. Over the past decade, robotic devices driven by neural signals such as neuroprostheses have shown great potential to restore the lost function of limbs, allowing amputees to regain movement and sensation. However, current neuroprosthetic interfaces have challenges in both signal quality and long-term stability. To overcome these limitations and work toward creating bionic limbs, the Neuromuscular Laboratory at University of Michigan Plastic Surgery has developed the Regenerative Peripheral Nerve Interface (RPNI). This surgical construct embeds a transected peripheral nerve into a free muscle graft, effectively amplifying small peripheral nerve signals to provide enhanced control signals for a neuroprosthetic limb. Furthermore, the RPNI has the potential to provide sensory feedback to the user and facilitate neuroprosthesis embodiment. This review focuses on the animal studies and clinical trials of the RPNI to recapitulate the promising trajectory toward neurobionics where the boundary between an artificial device and the human body becomes indistinct. This paper also sheds light on the prospects of the improvement and dissemination of the RPNI technology.
Sensitivity and specificity of the EAT-10 and SDQ-DP in identifying the risk of dysphagia in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Ponsoni Adriana , Costa Flavia Pereira , Soares Vinícius Nagy , Santos Camilla Gabriela Silva , Mourão Lucia Figueiredo 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background The early identification of risk for dysphagia in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) is essential for the prevention of nutritional and pulmonary complications.
Objective To analyze the sensitivity and specificity of the Swallowing Disturbance Questionnaire (SDQ-PD) and the Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10) in identifying dysphagia risk in patients with early and intermediate stages of PD.
Methods Twenty-nine patients with PD participated in the study. EAT-10 and SDQ-PD questionnaires were applied, and a videofluoroscopic swallowing study. Dysphagia Outcome and Severity Scale (DOSS) was used to classify the presence and severity of dysphagia, and the Penetration-Aspiration Scale (PAS) was used to identify the presence of penetration/aspiration. In the statistical analysis, the sensitivity and specificity of the risk questionnaires were calculated, as well as positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy.
Results EAT-10 to identify the risk of penetration/aspiration revealed a sensitivity of 71.42% and specificity of 45.45%; in the identification of the presence of dysphagia, the sensitivity was 47.61%, and the specificity was 12.5%. The SDQ-PD questionnaire for risk of penetration/aspiration demonstrated a sensitivity of 28.57%, and a specificity of 68.18%. In terms of identifying the presence of dysphagia, the sensitivity was 20%, while the specificity was 44.44%.
Conclusion The SDQ-PD revealed low sensitivity and low specificity to identify the presence of dysphagia and/or penetration/aspiration in patients with early and intermediate stages of PD in this sample. Despite its low specificity, the EAT-10 exhibited good sensitivity in indicating the risk of penetration/aspiration.
Concomitant Bilateral Inferior Gluteal Lymph Node Involvement in Metastatic Prostate Adenocarcinoma Detected on 68Gallium-Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography
Authors: Baberwal Parth , Sonavane Sunita , Basu Sandip 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAn unusual and unique case of prostate adenocarcinoma with involvement of bilateral inferior gluteal lymph nodes is reported. The patient was a 42-year-old male, with conventional prostatic adenocarcinoma (Gleason score: 5 + 4 = 9), who, during disease progression with rising serum prostate specific antigen levels following medical androgen deprivation therapy, demonstrated new prostate-specific membrane antigen expressing metastatic intermuscular deposits in the bilateral gluteal region, subsequently proven to be bilateral inferior gluteal nodal metastasis. A therapeutic implication to this may be that these nodes usually fall beyond the range covered by the therapeutic radiation field coverage where external radiotherapy is the advocated modality of choice and are not easily reachable through standard surgical procedures. As a result, they could have an impact on the way patients are clinically treated and on their prognosis.
Robinson–Trautman solutions with scalar hair and Ricci flow
Authors: Nozawa Masato , Torii Takashi 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The vacuum Robinson–Trautman solution admits a shear-free and twist-free null geodesic congruence with a nonvanishing expansion. We perform a comprehensive classification of solutions exhibiting this property in Einstein’s gravity with a massless scalar field, assuming that the solution belongs at least to Petrov-type II and some of the components of Ricci tensor identically vanish. We find that these solutions can be grouped into three distinct classes: (I-a) a natural extension of the Robinson–Trautman family incorporating a scalar hair satisfying the time derivative of the Ricci flow equation, (I-b) a novel non-asymptotically flat solution characterized by two functions satisfying Perelman’s pair of the Ricci flow equations, and (II) a dynamical solution possessing

SO

(
3
)

,

ISO

(
2
)

or

SO

(
1
,
2
)

symmetry. We provide a complete list of all explicit solutions falling into Petrov type D for classes (I-a) and (I-b). Moreover, leveraging the massless solution in class (I-a), we derive the neutral Robinson–Trautman solution to the

N

=
2

gauged supergravity with the prepotential

F
(
X
)
=
−
i

X

0

X
1

. By flipping the sign of the kinetic term of the scalar field, the Petrov-D class (I-a) solution leads to a time-dependent wormhole with an instantaneous spacetime singularity. Although the general solution is unavailable for class (II), we find a new dynamical solution with spherical symmetry from the anti-de Sitter (AdS)–Roberts solution via AdS/Ricci-flat correspondence.
Independent dual-band absorptions with large frequency ratio and large bandwidth ratio from composite metamaterials of water pyramids over Helmholtz resonators
Authors: Fan ZengHu , Yang Rui 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We demonstrate the perfect trapping of electromagnetic fields at dual frequencies through composite metamaterials of a water pyramid cascaded meta-surface loaded with a Helmholtz resonator array. More specifically, the water pyramid cascaded meta-surface functions as an ultra-wideband absorber at the frequency range of 6.6–100 GHz with more than a 175

%

relative bandwidth, while operating as a transparent screen at lower frequencies for the Helmholtz resonators. On the other hand, the Helmholtz resonator array will absorb electromagnetic fields at 100 MHz with the Q factor of 63 and the total thickness of 1/160 wavelengths, while performing as the ground for the water pyramids. The proposed design, integrating the water pyramid cascaded meta-surface with a Helmholtz resonator array for the independent dual-band absorptions with a large frequency ratio and large bandwidth ratio, should pave the way for building up more advanced energy-harvesting meta-devices.