bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of regional differences in myocardial blood flow using T2‐weighted 3D BOLD imaging
Authors: Wright Kara B. , Klocke Francis J. , Deshpande Vibhas S. , Zheng Jie , Harris Kathleen R. , Tang Richard , Finn J. Paul , Li Debiao 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe feasibility of detecting regional differences in myocardial blood flow based on the blood oxygen level‐dependent (BOLD) effect was evaluated in vivo in dogs (N = 9) using a 3D T2‐prepared segmented gradient‐echo sequence at 1.5 T. Regional differences in myocardial blood flow were created by administering adenosine through a catheter placed in the left circumflex coronary artery (LCX). The difference in the R2 (1/T2) relaxation rate between the left ventricular myocardial region supplied by the LCX and regions supplied by the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) or septal artery during adenosine administration was correlated to the corresponding regional myocardial blood flow difference determined using fluorescent microspheres. A correlation coefficient of 0.80 was found between the MR BOLD measurements and the myocardial flow assessment. Our results show that the sequence used in this study allows fast 3D BOLD imaging of the heart, and is a promising technique for detecting regional myocardial perfusion differences. Magn Reson Med 46:573–578, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
SNR versus resolution in 3D 1H MRS of the human brain at high magnetic fields
Authors: Li Belinda S.Y. , Regal Juleiga , Gonen Oded 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIt is commonly accepted that the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR = peak‐signal/RMS‐noise) per‐unit‐time of proton MR spectroscopy (1H‐MRS) is linearly proportional to the voxel volume. Consequently, with a headcoil and 30‐min acquisition, 1 cm3 is considered the SNR‐limited spatial resolution barrier in the human brain. However, since local linewidths, Δυ* = (πT)−1, at high magnetic fields (B0), are dominated by regional inhomogeneities (ΔB0), i.e., T ≪ T2, reducing the voxel dimensions may increase T. This could compensate, in part, for signal loss with volume decrease. It is shown that for two cubic voxels of sides l1 and l2, l1 > l2, as the volume decreases by (l1/l2)3, their SNR ratio is reduced by only (l1/l2)2 due to a commensurate T increase of l1/l2. This is demonstrated in a phantom and the brains of volunteers, with 3D 1H‐MRS in a headcoil at 4 T. It is shown that while the cubic voxels' dimensions were all halved, reducing their volume eightfold, their metabolites' SNR decreased only fourfold, due to their Δυ*s' twofold decrease. In other words, both spatial and spectral resolutions were doubled at a significantly, ×2, smaller‐than‐expected SNR loss. This advantage was exploited to produce quality high spatial resolution, 0.75 × 0.75 × 0.75 cm3, metabolic maps in a 27‐min acquisition. Magn Reson Med 46:1049–1053, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Insulin treatment enhances expression of IGF‐I in sural nerves of diabetic patients
Authors: Grandis Marina , Nobbio Lucilla , Abbruzzese Michele , Banchi Loris , Minuto Franceso , Barreca Antonina , Garrone Simona , Mancardi Gian Luigi , Schenone Angelo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe studied the expression of insulin‐like growth factor I (IGF‐I) and its receptor in sural nerves from 8 diabetic patients divided into insulin‐treated (IT) and non–insulin‐treated (NIT) groups, compared with 5 patients with axonal neuropathies and 4 control patients (undergoing biopsies for diagnostic purposes). Insulin‐like growth factor I mRNA levels did not differ in diabetic cases compared with control subjects. In sural nerves from IT patients and axonal neuropathies, IGF‐I expression was higher than in NIT subjects and diagnostic controls. Changes in IGF‐I receptor mRNA levels paralleled those of the ligand. Insulin‐like growth factor I immunoreactivity was higher in nerves undergoing axonal degeneration and higher in IT than NIT diabetic patients and diagnostic controls. These findings suggest that insulin treatment increases IGF‐I expression in diabetic nerves. Our data do not support the hypothesis of an absolute IGF‐I deficiency in human diabetic neuropathy. A Schwann cell's incapacity to increase IGF‐I expression after severe nerve damage, as happens in axonal neuropathies, may be a cofactor in the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Muscle Nerve 24: 622–629, 2001.
Familial continuous motor unit activity and epilepsy
Authors: Liguori Rocco , Avoni Patrizia , Baruzzi Agostino , Di Stasi Vitantonio , Montagna Pasquale 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA mother and son both had muscle stiffness due to continuous generalized muscle twitching, beginning in childhood and associated with epileptic seizures. Electromyography (EMG) showed continuous motor unit activity (CMUA) at rest, which decreased during ischemia, sleep, and carbamazepine treatment, and was abolished by anesthetic nerve blockade. Genetic analysis disclosed a G724C point mutation in the potassium channel KCNA1 gene. The electrophysiological data suggested pathological impulse generation in both the peripheral and central nervous system, probably related to abnormal ion channel function. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Muscle Nerve 24: 630–633, 2001
Muscle glycogenoses
Authors: DiMauro Salvatore , Lamperti Costanza 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThere are 11 hereditary disorders of glycogen metabolism affecting muscle alone or together with other tissues, and they cause two main clinical syndromes: episodic, recurrent exercise intolerance with cramps, myalgia, and myoglobinuria; or fixed, often progressive weakness. Great strides have been made in our understanding of the molecular bases of these disorders, all of which show remarkable genetic heterogeneity. In contrast, the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying acute muscle breakdown and chronic weakness remain unclear. Although glycogen storage diseases have been studied for decades, new biochemical defects are still being discovered, especially in the glycolytic pathway. In addition, the pathogenesis of polyglucosan deposition is being clarified both in traditional glycogenoses and in disorders such as Lafora's disease. In some conditions, combined dietary and exercise regimens may be of help, and gene therapy, including recombinant enzyme replacement, is being actively pursued. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Muscle Nerve 24: 984–999, 2001
Integral equation solution of heat extraction from a fracture in hot dry rock
Authors: Cheng A. H.‐D. , Ghassemi A. , Detournay E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn the study of heat extraction by circulating water in a fracture embedded in geothermal reservoir, the heat conduction in the reservoir is typically assumed to be one dimensional and perpendicular to the fracture. In this paper, we demonstrate that by an integral equation formulation utilizing Green's function, the multi‐dimensional heat flow in the reservoir can be modelled. In the resulting numerical solution system, the discretization of reservoir geometry is entirely eliminated, leading to a much more efficient scheme. The multi‐dimensional heat conduction effect as compared to its one‐dimensional simplification is studied. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical solution for consolidation and desiccation of soft soils
Authors: Yao Daniel T. C. , de Oliveira‐Filho Waldyr Lopes , Cai Xiao‐Chuan , Znidarcic Dobroslav 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe consolidation and desiccation behaviour of soft soils can be described by two time‐dependent non‐linear partial differential equations using the finite strain theory. Analytical solutions do not exist for these governing equations. In this paper, we develop efficient numerical methods and software for finding the numerical solutions. We introduce a semi‐implicit time integration scheme, and show numerically that our method converges. In addition, the numerical solution matches well with the experimental result. A boundary refinement method is also developed to improve the convergence and stability for the case of Neumann type boundary conditions. Interface governing equations are derived to maintain the continuity of consolidation and desiccation processes. This is useful because the soil column can undergo desiccation on top and consolidation on the bottom simultaneously. The numerical algorithms has been implemented into a computer program and the results have been verified with centrifuge test results conducted in our laboratory. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Good urodynamic practices: Uroflowmetry, filling cystometry, and pressure‐flow studies**
Authors: Schäfer Werner , Abrams Paul , Liao Limin , Mattiasson Anders , Pesce Francesco , Spangberg Anders , Sterling Arthur M. , Zinner Norman R. , Kerrebroeck Philip van 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis is the first report of the International Continence Society (ICS) on the development of comprehensive guidelines for Good Urodynamic Practice for the measurement, quality control, and documentation of urodynamic investigations in both clinical and research environments. This report focuses on the most common urodynamics examinations; uroflowmetry, pressure recording during filling cystometry, and combined pressure–flow studies. The basic aspects of good urodynamic practice are discussed and a strategy for urodynamic measurement, equipment set‐up and configuration, signal testing, plausibility controls, pattern recognition, and artifact correction are proposed. The problems of data analysis are mentioned only when they are relevant in the judgment of data quality. In general, recommendations are made for one specific technique. This does not imply that this technique is the only one possible. Rather, it means that this technique is well‐established, and gives good results when used with the suggested standards of good urodynamic practice. Neurourol. Urodynam. 21:261–274, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A comparison of cell and tissue extraction techniques using high‐resolution 1H‐NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Belle J. E. Le , Harris N. G. , Williams S. R. , Bhakoo K. K. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAnalysis of brain metabolites by a wide range of analytical techniques is typically achieved using biochemical extraction methodologies that require either two separate samples or two separate extraction steps to prepare both aqueous and organic metabolite fractions. However there are a number of brain pathologies in which both aqueous metabolite and lipid changes occur so that a simultaneous extraction of both fractions would be valuable. The methanol–chloroform (M/C) technique enables extraction of both aqueous metabolites and lipids simultaneously. It is already well established for lipid extraction of cells and tissue but its efficiency and reproducibility for extraction of aqueous metabolites is unknown. Therefore, we compared the aqueous metabolite yield and the reproducibility of the M/C method to the commonly used perchloric acid (PCA) method, using 1H‐NMR spectroscopy of adult rat brain and purified rat astrocyte culture extracts. The results indicate that M/C is a superior technique for aqueous metabolite extraction from both brain tissue and cells when compared to the PCA method. The M/C extraction technique enables the simultaneous extraction of both lipids and aqueous metabolites from a single sample using small solvent‐volumes, making it well suited for NMR investigations of both tissues and cells. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dual role for calcium in agrin signaling and acetylcholine receptor clustering
Authors: Borges Lucia S. , Lee Young , Ferns Michael 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAgrin is a motoneuron‐derived factor that initiates neuromuscular synapse formation; however, the signaling pathway underlying postsynaptic differentiation is not yet understood. We have investigated the role of calcium in agrin signaling through the MuSK receptor tyrosine kinase and in the intracellular signaling cascade that leads to AChR phosphorylation and clustering. We find that agrin‐ and neuramindase‐induced MuSK activation in cultured myotubes is completely blocked by removal of extracellular calcium, but only slightly reduced by clamping of intracellular calcium transients with BAPTA. Following agrin's activation of MuSK, we find that the downstream tyrosine phosphorylation of the AChR β‐subunit was inhibited by BAPTA but not by a slower acting chelator, EGTA. Similarly, agrin‐induced clustering of the AChR was blocked by BAPTA but not EGTA. These findings indicate that extracellular calcium is required for the formation of a MuSK signaling complex, and that intracellular calcium regulates phosphorylation and clustering of the AChR in the postsynaptic membrane. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol 50: 69–79, 2002
BMP‐2 and cAMP elevation confer locus coeruleus neurons responsiveness to multiple neurotrophic factors
Authors: Reiriz Julia , Holm Pontus C. , Alberch Jordi , Arenas Ernest 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe locus coeruleus (LC) is a major target of several neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. However, very little is known of the trophic requirements of LC neurons. In the present work, we have studied the biological activity of neurotrophic factors from different families in E15 primary cultures of LC neurons. In agreement with previous results, neurotrophin‐3 (NT‐3) and also glial cell line‐ derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) increased the number of embryonic LC noradrenergic neurons in the presence of serum. In serum‐free conditions, none of the factors tested, including NT‐3, GDNF, neurturin, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), or bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (BMP‐2), promoted the survival of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)‐immunoreactive neurons at 6 days in vitro. However, when BMP‐2 was coadministered with any of these factors the number of LC TH‐positive neurons increased twofold. Similar results were obtained by cotreatment of LC neurons with forskolin and NT‐3, bFGF, or BMP‐2. The strongest effect (a fourfold increase in the number of TH‐positive cells) was induced by cotreatment with forskolin, BMP‐2, and GDNF. Thus, our results show that LC neurons require multiple factors for their survival and development, and suggest that activation of LC neurons by bone morphogenetic proteins and cAMP plays a decisive role in conferring noradrenergic neuron responsiveness to several trophic factors. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol 50: 291–304, 2002; DOI 10.1002/neu.10034
Numerical simulation of one‐dimensional flows through porous media with shock waves
Authors: Martins‐Costa Maria Laura , Saldanha da Gama Rogério M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis work studies an unsaturated flow of a Newtonian fluid through a rigid porous matrix, using a mixture theory approach in its modelling. The mixture consists of three overlapping continuous constituents: a solid (porous medium), a liquid (Newtonian fluid) and an inert gas (to account for the mixture compressibility). A set of two nonlinear partial differential equations describes the problem, which is approximated by means of a Glimm's scheme, combined with an operator splitting technique. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analytical study and numerical experiments for degenerate scale problems in the boundary element method for two‐dimensional elasticity
Authors: Chen J. T. , Kuo S. R. , Lin J. H. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractFor a plane elasticity problem, the boundary integral equation approach has been shown to yield a non‐unique solution when geometry size is equal to a degenerate scale. In this paper, the degenerate scale problem in the boundary element method (BEM) is analytically studied using the method of stress function. For the elliptic domain problem, the numerical difficulty of the degenerate scale can be solved by using the hypersingular formulation instead of using the singular formulation in the dual BEM. A simple example is shown to demonstrate the failure using the singular integral equations of dual BEM. It is found that the degenerate scale also depends on the Poisson's ratio. By employing the hypersingular formulation in the dual BEM, no degenerate scale occurs since a zero eigenvalue is not embedded in the influence matrix for any case. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of psychosocial and behavioral profiles of victimized and nonvictimized homeless women and their intimate partners
Authors: Nyamathi Adeline , Wenzel Suzanne L. , Lesser Jana , Flaskerud Jacquelyn , Leake Barbara 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine the psychosocial, behavioral, and environmental profiles of homeless women, both those with and without a history of victimization, and their intimate partners. Five hundred seven homeless women and their intimate partners participated in the study. Thirty‐nine percent of the women reported being physically and/or sexually assaulted as adults. Controlling for potential confounders, victimized women were more likely than others to have a history of childhood sexual and physical abuse, lifetime substance use, greater mental health symptomatology, and current risky sexual activity. Thus, homeless women with mental health and substance abuse problems ought to be screened for violent experiences and encouraged to obtain treatment appropriate to their problems to reduce their ongoing risk of victimization. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Res Nurs Health 24:324–335, 2001
An HPLC method for the assay of UDP‐glucose pyrophosphorylase and UDP‐glucose‐4‐epimerase in Solieria chordalis (Rhodophyceae)
Authors: Goulard F. , Diouris M. , Deslandes E. , Floc'h J. Y. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAn efficient method to assay both UDP‐glucose pyrophosphorylase and UDP‐glucose‐4‐epimerase in a crude extract of the red seaweed, Solieria chordalis is described. The method is based on the direct quantification by reverse‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography of the UDP‐sugars generated in the reaction mixture. UDP‐glucose, UDP‐galactose and UTP were detected by spectrophotometry at 254 nm and their recoveries ranged from 97 to 100%. In the course of the reaction, a correlation was observed between the reduction in the area of the substrate peak and the occurrence of product peak(s). This highly reproducible method for enzyme assay is fast since no intermediate reaction mixture is required. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification and quantification of galloyl derivatives, flavonoid glycosides and anthocyanins in leaves of Pistacia lentiscus L.
Authors: Romani A. , Pinelli P. , Galardi C. , Mulinacci N. , Tattini M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSeparation, identification and quantification of polyphenols was carried out on leaves of Pistacia lentiscus L., an evergreen member of the family Anacardiaceae, using semi‐preparative HPLC, HPLC‐photodiode array detection and HPLC‐MS analysis, together with 1H‐ and 13C NMR. Three major classes of secondary metabolites were detected: (i) gallic acid and galloyl derivatives of both glucose and quinic acid; (ii) flavonol glycosides, i.e. myricetin and quercetin glycosides; and (iii) anthocyanins, namely delphinidin 3‐O‐glucoside and cyanidin 3‐O‐glucoside. Low amounts of catechin were also detected. The concentration of galloyl derivatives was extremely high, representing 5.3% of the leaf dry weight, and appreciable amounts of myricetin derivatives were also detected (1.5% on a dry weight basis). These findings may be useful in establishing a relationship between the chemical composition of the leaf extract and the previously reported biological activity of P. lentiscus, and may also assign a new potential role of P. lentiscus tissue extracts in human health care. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Management of prenatally detected trisomy 8 mosaicism
Authors: van Haelst M. M. , Van Opstal D. , Lindhout D. , Los F. J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe report on ten pregnancies with trisomy 8 mosaicism. Nine cases were prenatally detected in chorionic villi (n=6), amniotic fluid (AF) cells (n=2) or fetal blood (FB) lymphocytes (n=1). Follow‐up laboratory investigations showed confined placental mosaicism (CPM) or pseudomosaicism in eight cases. In one case with ultrasound abnormalities, trisomy 8 mosaicism was detected in FB cells although cultured AF cells showed normal cells only. Another case of mosaic trisomy 8 was prenatally missed; cytogenetic analysis of short‐term cultured villi revealed a normal male karyotype, while postnatally, trisomy 8 mosaicism was detected in peripheral blood lymphocytes and skin fibroblasts of the affected child.These findings indicate the difficulties in the prenatal diagnosis of trisomy 8 mosaicism. When found in chorionic villi, it mostly represented CPM, while in a case of true fetal trisomy 8 mosaicism, the cytotrophoblast cells showed a normal karyotype. So, the cytotrophoblast compartment of chorionic villi is a poor indicator of the presence or absence of fetal trisomy 8 mosaicism. Follow‐up investigations including amniocentesis and especially fetal blood sampling are required to come to a definite prenatal diagnosis of trisomy 8 mosaicism. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Classification of ADRs: a proposal for harmonization and differentiation based on the experience of the Comprehensive Hospital Drug Monitoring Bern/St. Gallen, 1974–1993
Authors: Hunziker Thomas , Bruppacher Rudolf , Kuenzi Urs Peter , Maibach Ruedi , Braunschweig Suzanne , Halter Fred , Hoigné Rolf V. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe present paper deals with the classification of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) according to today's largely accepted pathomechanisms. The classification system applied, relies primarily on the proposals of Rawlins and Thomson with type A (‘augmented’) and B (‘bizarre’) reactions. In the database of the Comprehensive Hospital Drug Monitoring (CHDM) Bern/St. Gallen on 48 005 consecutively hospitalized patients, ADRs had been attributed to 10 different pathomechanisms. These permit a versatile new system, easily adaptable to expanding knowledge. lf we look at the 12 785 ADRs registered in the CHDM Bern/St. Gallen from 1974 to 1993, 76% were of type A, 13% of type B, and 11% of a pathomechanism not yet defined (type X). The main subgroups were A1 ‘not specified’ in type A, Ba allergic/immunological and Bpa pseudoallergic/anaphylactoid in type B. Dose‐related (A2) and drug‐related reactions (A4, intolerance in a restricted sense), drug‐to‐drug interactions (A5), rebound/withdrawal effects (A6) and secondary reactions (A7) represented smaller subgroups. Patient‐related reactions (A3, ‘idiosyncrasy’ in the strict sense) were not assessed. Today's algorithms for ADRs mainly rely on pharmacological, i.e. type A reactions. For most of the type B reactions adaptations including the experience of allergists, clinical immunologists and infectious disease specialists should be respected. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multiple melting endotherms in melt‐crystallized nylon 10,12
Authors: Li Yongjin , Zhu Xinyuan , Tian Guohua , Yan Deyue , Zhou Enle 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe melting behaviour of melt‐crystallized nylon 10,12 was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD). The results show that all nylon 10,12 crystals obtained under various conditions, including isothermal, non‐isothermal and stepwise crystallization, and also after partial melting or annealing, show multiple melting behaviour. It was found that each melting endotherm has a different origin. The highest melting peak corresponds to melting of the recrystallized material while the other melting endotherms are related to melting of lamellae with different thicknesses developing under different crystallization conditions. The equilibrium melting point of nylon 10,12 was also firstly estimated to be about 206 °C.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry