bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemical composition of the infrapatellar fat pad of swine
Authors: Nakano Takuo , Wang Yan Wen , Ozimek Lech , Sim Jeong S. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe porcine infrapatellar fat pad is a structure composed of adipocytes and adipose connective tissues. Limited information is available concerning its chemical composition. Samples of the fat pad collected from young hogs were dissected into two portions: a relatively hard core of the pad with cushioning properties (inner tissue), and a soft adipose tissue surrounding the core (outer tissue). The inner tissue contained less moisture and nitrogen than did the outer tissue. The yield of dry‐delipidated tissue was also lower in the inner tissue, indicating a higher content of lipid in this tissue. Fatty acid analysis showed that the proportions of C18: 1, C16: 1 and C18: 2n‐6 are higher, and the proportion of C16: 0 is lower in the inner than in the outer tissue. Collagen is the major protein, with relatively small amounts of glycosaminoglycans in both tissues. The content of hyaluronic acid relative to sulphated galactosaminoglycan was lower in the inner than in the outer tissue. The electrophoresis pattern of sulphated galactosaminoglycan was also different between the two tissues. These results suggest that chemical composition varies between adipose tissues with different biomechanical function.
Vancomycin‐induced linear IgA disease manifesting as bullous erythema multiforme
Authors: Armstrong April Wang , Fazeli Amin , Yeh Shih Wei , Mackool Bonnie T. , Liu Vincent 
Published: April 2004

Background:  Vancomycin‐induced linear immunoglobulin A (IgA) disease, an autoimmune, blistering disease in response to vancomycin administration, is characterized by a subepidermal, vesiculobullous eruption and linear IgA deposition along the basement membrane zone on direct immunofluorescence.Case report:  We report the case of an 81‐year‐old man treated with vancomycin who developed diffuse erythema multiforme and tense bullae involving the palmoplantar surfaces. Discontinuation of vancomycin therapy resulted in complete resolution of this patient's cutaneous eruption.Results:  Biopsy of a representative skin lesion demonstrated lichenoid interface dermatitis with focal subepidermal clefting, dyskeratosis, and prominent eosinophils. Direct immunofluorescence showed linear basement membrane staining with immunoreactants to IgA; indirect immunofluorescence demonstrated the presence of circulating IgG antibodies binding in an intercellular pattern. Immunoprecipitation studies using the patient's serum revealed 210, 130, and 83 kDa target antigens.Conclusions:  Presenting with an initial clinical picture suggestive of bullous erythema multiforme, this patient's subsequent clinical course and direct immunofluorescence confirm the diagnosis of linear IgA bullous disease (LABD). His indirect immunofluorescence findings and immunoprecipitation results suggest that circulating non‐IgA antibodies may represent a newly recognized immunopathologic feature of vancomycin‐induced linear IgA disease, underscoring the variable and unpredictable manifestations of this drug‐induced cutaneous disease.
Acquired smooth‐muscle hamartoma of the scrotum: a histological simulator?
Authors: Van Kooten E. O. , Hage J. J. , Meinhardt W. , Horenblas S. , Mooi W. J. 
Published: April 2004

Background:  In three cases of chronic scrotal lymphedema, histological and immunohistochemical changes were observed that were strikingly similar to an exceedingly rare lesion reported previously under the name of acquired smooth‐muscle hamartoma (ASMH) of the scrotum. The clinical context indicated that the cases were reactive rather than hamartomatous in nature.Materials and methods:  The histological and immunohistochemical findings of the three cases were compared to macroscopically normal scrotal specimens obtained during sex reassignment surgery in seven male‐to‐female transsexuals.Results:  Compared to the seven controls, the three cases of chronic scrotal edema revealed a marked increase of dartos smooth‐muscle tissue and of connective tissue of the scrotal skin and underlying soft tissues. Still, even the normal amount of scrotal smooth‐muscle tissue may easily be misinterpreted as smooth‐muscle hyperplasia.Conclusions:  Chronic scrotal lymphedema may induce hyperplasia of the dartos muscle, resulting in a histological appearance previously described as ASMH. This indicates that ASMH may not always represent a later onset of abnormality similar to congenital smooth‐muscle hamartoma but, rather, may constitute a histological simulator.
Hobnail hemangiomas (targetoid hemosiderotic hemangiomas) are true lymphangiomas
Authors: Franke Folker E. , Steger Klaus , Marks Alexander , Kutzner Heinz , Mentzel Thomas 
Published: April 2004

Background:  Hobnail hemangioma (targetoid hemosiderotic hemangioma) is a small benign vascular tumor of the superficial and mid‐dermis. In contrast to its well‐characterized histology, it has been unclear whether this tumor arises from blood vessel endothelial cells (BECs) or lymphatic vessel endothelial cells (LECs).Methods:  We analyzed 10 hobnail hemangiomas by immunohistochemistry, using the recently described lymphatic endothelial cell marker, D2‐40. For comparison, CD31, CD34, and α‐smooth muscle actin expression were studied in consecutive sections of the paraffin‐embedded tissues.Results:  In all analyzed vessels, D2‐40 labeled exclusively LECs, whereas BECs were consistently negative. In contrast to capillary BECs, either neighboring the tumors or intermingled, neoplastic endothelial cells of all 10 hobnail hemangiomas were strongly labeled by D2‐40.Conclusions:  The results suggest a lymphatic origin for hobnail hemangiomas. This view is further supported by the CD34 negativity of endothelial cells and the lack of actin‐labeled pericytes in hobnail hemangiomas, both characteristic of lymphatic vessels. Moreover, our analysis revealed that microshunts between neoplastic lymphatic vascular channels and small blood vessels occur, explaining some features of hobnail hemangiomas, such as aneurysmatic microstructures, erythrocytes within and beneath neoplastic vascular spaces, inflammatory changes, scarring, and interstitial hemosiderin deposits.
Hamartin and tuberin immunohistochemical expression in cutaneous fibroepithelial polyps
Authors: Wu Jamie , Khalil Farah K. , Keehn Connie A. , Saeed Sadia , Morgan Michael B. 
Published: April 2004

Background:  Hamartin and tuberin are inactivating tumor suppressor proteins implicated in the development of gastrointestinal polyps and sporadic and tuberous sclerosis‐associated cutaneous angiofibromas. The pattern of expression of these peptides has not been studied in fibroepithelial polyps (FEPs).Design:  The specific aim of the study was to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of tuberin and hamartin within the epithelium and dermal fibrocytes of 20 cutaneous FEPs compared with the epithelium and dermal fibrocytes of normal skin. The diagnoses were confirmed independently by a dermatopathologist, and the pattern of intensity was assessed by the mean labeling intensity (MLI) of cytoplasmic and/or nuclear staining for each antibody.Results:  Hamartin and tuberin antibodies showed moderate staining of the keratinocytes and fibrocytes of normal skin and the keratinocytes within FEPs. Both antibodies showed diminished staining within the fibrocytes of the FEPs. The MLI of hamartin was 44.3 ± 4.4 for keratinocyte nuclei in normal skin and 51.2 ± 3.7 within the polyps. The MLI of tuberin was 42.9 ± 3.6 within the keratinocyte nuclei of the normal skin compared to 39.7 ± 3.0 for the polyps. The MLI for hamartin within the fibrocytes of the normal skin was 78.9 ± 7.1 compared to 21.6 ± 4.2 within the polyps, p = 0.01. The MLI for tuberin within the fibrocytes of normal skin was 70.6 ± 5.0 compared to 47.1 ± 4.7 within the polyps.Conclusion:  The data suggest that down regulation or loss of tuberin and/or hamartin expression may be permissive to fibrocyte proliferation or promote collagen production leading to FEP formation.
CD34‐reactive trichodiscoma
Authors: Chartier Molly , Reed Michael L. , Mandavilli Srinivas , Fung Maxwell , M. Grant‐Kels Jane , Murphy Michael 
Published: April 2004

Background:  Trichodiscomas are rare hamartomas of the dermal portion of the hair disc, a specialized component of the perifollicular mesenchyme. They are usually found as asymptomatic multiple skin‐colored papules on the face and extremities and may have an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. However, a solitary variant has been described.Case report:  A 78‐year‐old woman presented with a single, non‐pigmented, firm papule on the left tip of the nose, measuring 3.5 mm in diameter.Results:  The histological examination revealed the previously described features of a trichodiscoma. The immunohistochemical analysis showed strong immunoreactivity for CD34 in the spindle cell component. Spindle cells were negative for S‐100, HMB‐45, Melan‐A, EMA, neurofilament, desmin, and Factor XIIIa by immunohistochemistry.Conclusions:  We report strong reactivity for CD34 in the spindle cell component of a trichodiscoma. We suggest that this lesion be considered in the differential diagnosis of any CD34+ dermal spindle cell proliferation, in which an adjacent epithelial component cannot be entirely excluded.
Laparoscopic gastric banding: safe and modestly successful
Authors: Tweddle Eliza Ann , Woods Simon , Blamey Stephen 
Published: April 2004

Background:  Obesity is an increasing problem in Australia. It is defined as a body mass index (BMI) >30 kg/m2. It is associated with a number of significant medical conditions, as well as psychological morbidity related to poor body image and the social stigma of obesity. Conservative management is rarely successful in patients with morbid obesity and bariatric surgery is an alternative more likely to produce sustained results.Methods:  To compare the initial results of the Lap‐Band (Inamed Health, Santa Barbara, CA, USA) procedure when performed by experienced general laparoscopic surgeons, new to the procedure and those achieved by dedicated bariatric practitioners.Results:  The results of the present study showed forty‐seven per cent excess weight lost at 2 years, 49% excess BMI lost at 2 years. Reoperation rate for band removal, prolapse/slippage was 25.3%.Conclusions:  Acceptable results with Lap‐Band are technically achievable by experienced laparoscopic surgeons with a low morbidity and mortality. The results of the present study are inferior to those reported by dedicated bariatric practices who have performed large numbers of this operation. The rate of band slippage was unacceptably high and there was a significant problem with patients being lost to follow up. Possible reasons for this are discussed.
Cutaneous melanoma in Caucasian New Zealanders: 1995−1999
Authors: Martin Richard C. W. , Robinson Elizabeth 
Published: April 2004

Background:  The aim of the present study was to evaluate the spectrum of cutaneous melanoma in Caucasian New Zealanders.Method:  Data were obtained from the New Zealand Cancer Registry by way of a computerized search of the melanoma ICD‐9 codes from 1995 to 1999. The final database used is for people identifying themselves as European. The denominator population were people stating their ethnicity as European in the 1996 New Zealand Census; all others were excluded. The Cancer Registry Act 1993 made reporting of cancer mandatory. Cancer data before July 1994 are of dubious accuracy.Results:  There were 4966 cases of cutaneous melanoma reported in New Zealand between 1995 and 1999 by people identifying themselves as European. The trends and statistically relevant findings will be discussed.Conclusion:  New Zealand continues to have one of the highest rates of melanoma in the world, with an increasing Breslow thickness of melanoma (P < 0.001) over the 5‐year period. Men have a higher rate and deeper melanomas than women (P < 0.001). The incidence of melanoma appears to have reached a plateau over the review period. The far north of New Zealand (Whangarei and further north) had the highest rate of melanoma in New Zealand (59.1/100 000, age standardized) and the lowest rate is in Southland (23.5/100 000).
Comparative study on acute pancreatitis management
Authors: Chiang David T. , Anozie Anthony , Fleming William R. , Kiroff G. K. 
Published: April 2004

Background:  Guidelines have been published regarding the management of acute pancreatitis by the British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG). The aim of the present paper is to compare the management of patients with acute pancreatitis in a tertiary referral medical centre and a regional health centre in Australia during 2001, evaluate compliance with the published BSG guidelines, and compare our data with those of a similar UK study.Methods:  Patients with a primary diagnosis of acute pancreatitis were identified retrospectively. Eighty‐four admissions from the Austin Hospital (AH), a tertiary referral centre, and 83 from The Geelong Hospital (TGH), a regional health centre, were treated in these two hospitals. The histories were collected and examined for compliance with the guidelines recommended by the BSG. We compared our data with the data from the two UK hospitals in a previous study.Results:  Only 38% of patients from these two centres had all the investigations performed for severity stratification as recommended by BSG. In other respects, AH and TGH managed these patients with acute pancreatitis according to the recommendations. The overall mortality rate from acute pancreatitis was 3.0%, and within the group of severe acute pancreatitis the mortality rate was 22.7%. 65.5% of patients from AH with gallstone related acute pancreatitis had a cholecystectomy or sphincterotomy and extraction of gallstones within 4 weeks of presentation. There were five re‐admissions to AH in 2001 due to non‐operated gallstone‐related acute pancreatitis. In contrast, 84.3% of patients from TGH had definitive treatment within 4 weeks and there were three re‐admissions to TGH.Conclusion:  Overall, both a tertiary referral centre and smaller regional hospital in Australia managed acute pancreatitis according to recently published BSG guidelines. The guidelines emphasized the importance of expertise in hepatopancreatobiliary surgery, availability of intensive care unit/high dependency unit and dynamic CT scanning. The recommendations for definitive treatment of patients with gallstone‐related pancreatitis within 4 weeks of presentation reduced the morbidity and mortality in this group. Although compliance with the guidelines on investigation for severity stratification of acute pancreatitis was poor, this lack of formal severity assessment did not appear to influence the outcome.
A novel method of cold expansion which creates near‐uniform compressive tangential residual stress around a fastener hole
Authors: CHAKHERLOU T. N. , VOGWELL J. 
Published: April 2004

ABSTRACTA recognized way of improving the fatigue resistance of a fastener hole is to introduce compressive tangential residual stress around it. This can be achieved by using a cold expansion method in which an oversized pin or ball is forced through the hole to produce a local plastic region surrounded by an elastic one. Once the pin or ball is removed allowing the elastic region to spring back it results in compressive tangential residual stress around the hole. In practise, however, it is found that such a cold expansion method creates a non‐uniform residual stress distribution through the plate thickness and even tensile residual stress can be created at the entrance and exit faces. In this paper a new method of cold expansion is proposed. It uses a tapered pin with a mating tapered split sleeve and creates an almost uniform compressive residual stress around the hole as shown by FE method. Also, fatigue tests were carried out to verify that the method does significantly improve fatigue life. Finally the tangential residual stress distribution and fatigue life improvement of this new method were compared with those of a well‐established cold expansion method and it was shown that the new method is more efficient in improving fatigue life.
Fretting fatigue limit as a short crack problem at the edge of contact
Authors: KONDO Y. , SAKAE C. , KUBOTA M. , NAGASUE T. , SATO S. 
Published: April 2004

ABSTRACTThis paper proposes a local stress concept to evaluate the fretting fatigue limit for contact edge cracks. A unique S–N curve based on the local stress could be obtained for a contact edge crack irrespective of mechanical factors such as contact pressure, relative slip, contact length, specimen size and loading type. The analytical background for the local stress concept was studied using FEM analysis. It was shown that the local stress uniquely determined the ΔK change due to crack growth as well as the stress distribution near the contact edge. The condition that determined the fretting fatigue limit was predicted by combining the ΔK change due to crack growth and the ΔKth for a short crack. The formation of a non‐propagating crack at the fatigue limit was predicted by the model and it was experimentally confirmed by a long‐life fretting fatigue test.
Use of a load non‐proportionality measure in fatigue under out‐of‐phase combined bending and torsion
Authors: SKIBICKI D. , SEMPRUCH J. 
Published: April 2004

ABSTRACTA load non‐proportionality measure has been developed for use with an existing critical plane fatigue criterion for the case of fatigue under out‐of‐phase bending and torsion. Use of this measure shows improved agreement with test data in the literature for this loading condition.
A unifying approach to estimate the high‐cycle fatigue strength of notched components subjected to both uniaxial and multiaxial cyclic loadings
Authors: SUSMEL L. 
Published: April 2004

ABSTRACTThis paper proposes an engineering method suitable for predicting the fatigue limit of both plain and notched components subjected to uniaxial as well as to multiaxial fatigue loadings. Initially, some well‐known concepts formalized by considering the cracking behaviour of metallic material under uniaxial cyclic loads have been extended to multiaxial fatigue situations. This theoretical extension allowed us to form the hypothesis that fatigue limits can be estimated by considering the linear–elastic stress state calculated at the centre of the structural volume. This volume was assumed to be the zone where all the main physical processes take place in fatigue limit conditions. The size of the structural volume was demonstrated to be constant, that is, independent from the applied loading type, but different for different materials. Predictions have been made by Susmel and Lazzarin's multiaxial fatigue criterion, applied using the linear–elastic stress state determined at the centre of the structural volume. The accuracy of this method has been checked by using a number of data sets taken from the literature and generated by testing notch specimens both under uniaxial and multiaxial fatigue loadings. Our approach is demonstrated to be a powerful engineering tool for predicting the fatigue limit of notch components, independently of material, stress concentration feature and applied load type. In particular, it allowed us to perform predictions within an error interval of about ±25% in stress, even though some material mechanical properties were either estimated or taken from different sources.
Fatigue performance of a bonded wavy composite lap joint
Authors: ZENG Q. , SUN C. T. 
Published: April 2004

ABSTRACTA novel wavy lap joint design was further studied. Our previous studies using cross‐ply composite adherends showed that the new design was indeed much stronger than the conventional flat joint. In order to fully demonstrate advantage of the new wavy lap joint over the conventional single lap joint, comparative fatigue tests were performed to determine the durability performance of the wavy joint. In this study, a comparative static strength test of the conventional flat joint and the wavy joint was first carried out using unidirectional composite adherends. Then fatigue tests at different load levels and load frequencies were conducted. The test results showed that the wavy lap joint had a much longer fatigue life than the conventional lap joint.
The role and effects of the third body in the wheel–rail interaction
Authors: BERTHIER Y. , DESCARTES S. , BUSQUET M. , NICCOLINI E. , DESRAYAUD C. , BAILLET L. , BAIETTO‐DUBOURG M. C. 
Published: April 2004

ABSTRACTThis paper focuses on the presence of the third body, a solid interfacial layer in the wheel–rail contact. This third body is studied from different viewpoints: its presence including composition, thickness and morphology; and its role with respect to its load‐carrying capacity, shearing behaviour, transfer of material and finally global friction coefficient. The general approach is phenomenological and is carried out as closely as possible of the real tribological behaviour of this contact. This paper presents a synthesis of different studies coming from: analysis of specimens taken out periodically from rails and wheels in service, and thus under real contact conditions; and test laboratories, allowing us to impose rolling–sliding conditions with very high precision. From all these studies and results, a better understanding of the role of the third body and its influence on friction, adhesion and damage mechanisms (wear, pits, cracks …) is reached and this is the first step for including its effect in numerical models.
The bounded workplace: defence, development and domestication strategies amongst male shiftworkers
Authors: Speakman Sue , Marchington Mick 
Published: April 2004

ABSTRACTUnlike studies of women, studies of men in paid employment have tended to focus on them purely as workers, trade unionists and breadwinners, rather than on their roles beyond the workplace. This paper addresses this omission by exploring the relationship between paid work and aspects of family life amongst 69 male process workers from three manufacturing companies. It offers qualitative evidence to demonstrate that understanding men's wider domestic/familial roles and responsibilities is integral to analyses of their workplace behaviour. The conclusion from this study is that the boundary between home and work is selectively‐permeable, and the workers took aspects of their domestic life into the workplace whilst seeking to prevent their paid work from intruding on family and domestic life.
Neither fish nor fowl? An assessment of teacher capability procedures
Authors: Earnshaw Jill , Marchington Lorrie , Ritchie Eve , Torrington Derek 
Published: April 2004

ABSTRACTThere has been an increasing focus on the performance of workers through appraisal, performance‐related pay and performance management and this emphasis on measuring performance has extended to the public sector—more specifically, to the teaching profession. This paper uses research commissioned by the DfES to investigate the operation of capability procedures introduced to deal with the perceived problem of incompetent teachers. It revealed that the procedures suffered from a number of defects both in modus operandi and style and there was little evidence that their application resulted in either improved performance or dismissal when satisfactory performance was not achieved.