bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tanggung Gugat Penyelenggara Jasa Pembayaran Sektor Perbankan Dalam Transaksi Menggunakan QR Code Indonesian Standard (QRIS)
Authors: Rahmadhani Vina , Yuniarti  
Published: December 2023

Abstract
QR Code is a payment channel in Indonesia. Bank Indonesia launched the QR Code Indonesian Standard (QRIS) as a standard QR Code as a payment channel. To support the use of QRIS, Bank Indonesia also issued QRIS implementation guidelines through the Peraturan Anggota Dewan Gubernur Nomor 21/18/PADG/2019 about Implementation of the National Standard Quick Response Code for Payments. While using QRIS, failures are often encountered. To request compensation, it is necessary to know the legal relationship of the parties in order to determine the party responsibility. The legal relationship between the parties in the QRIS transaction is a civil law relationship that arises from various kinds of agreements. To resolve disputes arising from QRIS transaction failures, the most appropriate dispute resolution is a complaint to a Payment Service Provider or a complaint to Bank Indonesia because it is free of charge. Considering that the QRIS transaction limit is IDR 10,000,000 (ten million rupiah) per transaction.
Keywords: QRIS, Payment Systems, Liability, Payment Service Provider, Banking Law

Abstrak
QR Code merupakan salah satu kanal pembayaran yang ada di Indonesia. Pada tahun 2019 Bank Indonesia meluncurkan QR Code Indonesian Standard (QRIS). Untuk mendukung penggunaan QRIS, Bank Indonesia juga mengeluarkan pedoman implementasi QRIS melalui Peraturan Anggota Dewan Gubernur Nomor 21/18/PADG/2019 tentang Implementasi Standar Nasional Quick Response Code untuk Pembayaran. Dalam penggunaan QRIS sering dijumpai kegagalan transaksi. Untuk meminta ganti rugi, perlu diketahui hubungan hukum para pihak guna menentukan pihak yang bertanggung gugat. Hubungan hukum para pihak dalam transaksi QRIS merupakan hubungan hukum keperdataan yang timbul dari berbagai macam perjanjian. Penyelesaian sengketa yang timbul dari kegagalan transaksi QRIS yang paling sesuai adalah pengaduan kepada Penyelenggara Jasa Pembayaran atau pengaduan kepada Bank Indonesia karena tidak dipungut biaya mengingat batas maksimal transaksi QRIS adalah Rp 10.000.000 (sepuluh juta rupiah) per transaksi.
Kata Kunci: QRIS, Sistem Pembayaran, Tanggung Gugat, Penyelenggara Jasa Pembayaran, Hukum Perbankan
Pendekatan Restorative Justice atas Kerugian Negara Dibawah 50 Juta dalam Tindak Pidana Korupsi
Authors: Melenia Fitri Nur Handayani  
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The restorative justice approach is considered an alternative to handling corruption in Indonesia, but restorative justice in handling corruption cases has not been regulated in the law on eradicating corruption. This study aims to examine restorative justice arrangements and their application in the handling of corruption cases with financial losses below 50 million (small). This research is a normative legal research using a conceptual approach, statutory approach, and comparative approach. In enforcing the law against criminal acts of corruption with a state loss of less than 50 million (small loss) it should take into account the principles of legal expediency, the principles of simple justice, fast, low cost, the principle of eligibility, and the principle of proportionality so that law enforcement does not become in vain, namely by using a restorative justice approach that requires corruptors to return state financial losses.
Keywords: restorative justice, the principle of expediency, corruption, small state financial losses.

Abstrak
Pendekatan restorative justice dianggap sebagai alternatif penanganan korupsi di Indonesia namun restorative justice dalam penanganan kasus tindak pidana korupsi belum diatur dalam undang-undang pemberantasan tindak pidana korupsi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menelaah pengaturan restorative justice serta penerapannya dalam penangnan perkara tipikor dengan nilai kerugian keuangan dibawah 50 juta (kecil). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan konseptual, pendekatan perundang-undangan, dan pendekatan perbandingan. Dalam penegakkan hukum terhadap tindak pidana korupsi dengan nilai kerugian negara dibawah 50 juta (kerugian kecil) seyogyanya mempertimbangkan asas kemanfaatan hukum, asas peradilan sederhana, cepat, biaya ringan, asas kelayakan, dan asas proporsionalitas agar penegakkan hukum tidak menjadi sia-sia, yaitu dengan menggunakan pendekatan restorative justice yang mengharuskan koruptor mengembalikan kerugian keuangan negra.
Kata Kunci: keadilan restoratif, asas kemanfaatan, tindak pidana korupsi, kerugian keuangan negara kecil.
Diffuse deformation explains the magnitude-dependent coseismic shallow slip deficit
Authors: Antoine Solene , Klinger Yann , Wang Kang , Bürgmann Roland 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Continental earthquakes produce both localized slip on faults and diffuse deformation in the surrounding medium, up to 1-2 kilometers from the faults. However, the origin of the diffuse deformation and its role in the rupture process are still debated. Here, we perform a joint inversion of InSAR, GNSS, and high-resolution optical correlation data and produce a detailed rupture model for the 2019 Ridgecrest, California, earthquake sequence. We show that the decrease of coseismic slip toward the ground surface observed in earthquake rupture models, also known as shallow slip deficit (SSD), directly correlates with the occurrence of diffuse deformation at the surface. Hence, we suggest that the SSD in earthquake source models can often be interpreted as a proxy for shallow diffuse inelastic deformation around faults. Revisiting earthquake source models for 25 continental earthquakes, we show that SSD and diffuse deformation are only significant for Mw<7.5 events.
A review of UK publicly funded non-inferiority trials: Is the design more inferior than it should be?
Authors: Totton Nikki , Julious Steven , Walters Stephen , Coates Elizabeth 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background: The number of non-inferiority (NI) trials, those aiming to show a new treatment is no worse than a comparator, is increasing. However, their added complexity over superiority trials can create confusion. Most guidance and reviews to date have an industry focus with research suggesting these trials may differ to publicly funded NI trials. This gap in the literature, to understand how well the recommendations are translating to publicly funded NI trials, is the aim of this work by reviewing their design and reporting characteristics.
Methods: The International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number web registry and the National Institute for Health and Care Research’s Funding and Awards Library and Journals Library were searched using the term non-inferiority and logical synonyms. Inclusion requirements were a UK publicly funded NI randomised controlled trial. Characteristics of the design, analyses and results as available were recorded on a dedicated data extraction spreadsheet. Appropriate summary statistics were used to present the results.
Results: Searches completed on the 14th January 2022 identified 477 potential trials which after exclusions resulting in a database of 114 NI trials to be summarised. Non-inferiority margins were defined for most trials with a median of 8% (IQR: 3%-10%) used for risk differences (n=58) and 0.35 (IQR: 0.26-0.43) standardised mean difference for continuous outcomes (n=30). Justifications for the margin chosen (n=62) were more commonly based on the clinical importance (49/62) and less commonly using statistical considerations (13/62). The most prevalent primary analysis population was solely on an intention-to-treat basis (49/114). The superiority of the treatment was well described but not always included as an outcome and only powered for in about a third of cases.
Conclusions: Aspects of NI trial design are well described but not always in line with current recommendations. Of particular note, is the absence of statistical considerations when setting the non-inferiority margin, which eliminates the ability to confirm indirect superiority over placebo for the new treatment. Additionally, despite suggestions that it can increase the Type 1 error in NI trials, use of the intention-to-treat alone is most common analysis population.
Registration: Research on Research ID: 3171
Funding: Economic and Social Research Council (Reference Number: 205866591)
Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in Guangzhou, China: risk factors and economic burden among Patients with bloodstream infections
Authors: Chen Jiakang , Allel Kasim , Luo Wenwei , He Nanhao , Yang Xu , Zhuo Chuyue , Guo Yingyi , Wang Jiong , Yao Likang , Li Jiahui , Lin Yexin , Tu Ruiyang , Yakob Laith , Zhuo Chao 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background.
Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae(ESBL-EK) are important sources of bloodstream infection (BSI), but their economic impact has not been comprehensively evaluated.
Patients and methods. A retrospective analysis of inpatients diagnosed with Escherichia coli or Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteremia in tertiary hospitals between January 2020 and December 2022 was performed. Clinical data and healthcare spending were collected through a chart review of electronic medical records. The chi-square test was used to analyze risk factors for ESBL, and then propensity score matching (PSM) was used to match patients 1:1 ratio to eliminate confounding factors and economic burden was assessed using disability-adjusted life years (DALYs).
Results. A total of 318 patients meeting study specifications were identified. Before matching, there were statistically significant differences in hospitalization time before infection, organ transplantation rate, ICU admission rate, Age-adjusted Charlson Comorbidity Index (ACCI), and SOFA score between the two groups (all p<0.05). After using PSM-adjusted estimates, the ESBL group still had a lower rate of effective empirical antimicrobial therapy than the non-ESBL group (non-ESBL=79.3% vs ESBL=59.5% p=0.001). The ESBL group had a higher hospitalization cost, but there was no significant difference in total mortality (non-ESBL=19.0% vs ESBL=20.7%, p=0.747) and mean DALYs (non-ESBL=1.84 DALYs vs ESBL=2.12 DALYs, p=0.098) between two groups. Mediation analysis identified that the relationship between ESBL and hospitalization costs is largely or fully mediated by inappropriate empirical antibiotic therapy and hospital stay.
Conclusion. The cost of patients with BSI caused by ESBL-EK is higher than that of patients with BSI caused by non-ESBL-EK. This phenomenon can be attributed to differences in effective empirical antimicrobial therapy rates and length of hospitalization. Reasonable assessment of ESBL risk，fully consider the regional epidemiological situation and precise use of antibiotics are very important to reduce the burden on patients.
Enhancing biomethanation performance through co-digestion of diverse organic wastes: a comprehensive study on substrate optimization, inoculum selection, and microbial community analysis
Authors: Choudhury Atun Roy , Singh Neha , Lalwani Jitesh , Sriniva Hemapriya , Palani Sankar Ganesh 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

A blend of organic municipal solid waste, slaughterhouse waste, faecal sludge, and landfill leachate opted as substrates in different mix ratios to formulate a pertinent mixture for biomethanation. Individual substrates were characterized and the mix ratio was optimized with the help of the response surface methodology tool to a value of 1:1:1:1 (against a C/N ratio of 28 ± 0.769 and VFA of 2500 ± 10.53) to improve the overall performance. The optimized blend (C/N ratio: 28.6, volatile fatty acids: 2538 mg/L) was characterized for physicochemical, biological, and microbial properties and subjected to anaerobic digestion in lab-scale reactors of 1000 ml capacity with and without the addition of inoculum. The gas yield of individual substrates and blends was ascertained separately. The observed cumulative gas yield over 21 days from the non-inoculated substrates varied between 133 to 2035 ml. While the addition of external inoculation at a 5% rate (w/w) against the substrate, uplifted the minimum and maximum cumulative gas yield values to 203 ml and 3394 ml. The inoculum procured from the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) was screened beforehand considering factors such as maximizing VFA production and consumption rate, gas yield, and quality of digestate. A similar outcome related to gas yield and digestate quality was observed for the equivalent blend. The cumulative gas yield value increased from 2627 ml to 4284 ml over 21 days post-application of a similar dosage of DRDO inoculum. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene revealed that the predominant bacterial population belonged to the Firmicutes phylum, with the majority falling within the orders Clostridiales and Lactobacillales. Ultimately, the study advocates the potential of the aforementioned blend for anaerobic co-digestion to enhance the gas yield and digestate quality.
Bearded capuchin monkey as a model for Alzheimer’s disease research
Authors: Rodriguez Roberta Diehl , Tavares Maria Clotilde , Brucki Sonia Maria , Takada Leonel Tadao , Otaduy Maria Concepción , Martin Maria da Graça Morais , Suemoto Cláudia , Grinberg Lea , Leite Cláudia , Tomaz Carlos , Nitrini Ricardo 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The absence of a natural animal model is one of the main challenges in Alzheimer’s disease research. Despite the challenges of using non-human primates in studies, they can bridge mouse models and humans, as non-human primates are phylogenetically close to humans and can spontaneously develop AD-type pathology. The capuchin monkey, a New World primate, has recently attracted attention due to its skill in creating and using instruments. We analyzed three capuchin brains using structural 7T MRI and neuropathological evaluation. Alzheimer-type pathology was found in one case. Widespread β-amyloid pathology mainly in the form of focal deposits with variable morphology and high density of mature plaques. Noteworthy, plaque-associated dystrophic neurites, associated with disrupted of axonal transport and early cytoskeletal alteration, were frequently found. Unlike other species of New World monkeys, cerebral arterial angiopathy was not the predominant form of β-amyloid pathology. Additionally, abnormal aggregates of hyperphosphorylated tau, resembling neurofibrillary pathology, were observed in the temporal and frontal cortex. Besides, astrocyte hypertrophy surrounding plaques was found, suggesting a neuroinflammatory response. Aged capuchin monkeys can spontaneously develop Alzheimer-type pathology, indicating that they may be an advantageous animal model for research in Alzheimer’s disease. One-Sentence Summary: Capuchin monkeys can spontaneously develop Alzheimer-type pathology.
Local evidence is key to assessing biodiversity vulnerability to climate change
Authors: Lu Muyang , Jetz Walter 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Gaging the effects of impending climate change on biodiversity is one of the most pressing scientific challenges1,2. Recent studies have indicated the risk of widespread range contraction3 and community collapse4 globally, but their specific interpretation and decision-relevance is constrained by the coarse-grain nature of their underlying evidence5. Here, we demonstrate for 1,804 Western Hemisphere bird species that coarse-grain estimates of climate change vulnerability show limited correspondence with those derived from biologically more appropriate local data. Coarse-grain data used widely in recent assessments miss up to half of the most vulnerable species due to significant errors of omission and commission that covary with spatial autocorrelation and ecological attributes of species. This strongly affects the perceived vulnerability of high-biodiversity tropical regions–, for example, species in the Amazon region are even more vulnerable to climate change than previously reported4. These findings alter the insights of recent global work and highlight the importance of considering the scale of available evidence7,8. Informed collection of local data combined with model-based data fusion9,10 will be key for effectively assessing and managing the effects of climate change on biodiversity.
Unlocking the potential of biofilm- forming plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria for growth and yield enhancement in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.): Results from In vitro and in vivo studies
Authors: Rafique Munazza , Naveed Muhammad , Mumtaz M. Zahid , Niaz Abid , Alamri Saud , Siddiqui Manzer H. , Ali Zulfiqar , Naman Abdul , Rehman Sajid ur , Brtnicky Martin , Mustafa Adnan , Waheed Muhammad Qandeel 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) boosts agricultural productivity and alleviates environmental stresses by forming biofilms under natural climatic conditions. In the past few years, microorganisms in biofilm have gained impetus for efficient root colonization. The current work aims to characterize biofilm-associated rhizobacteria for wheat growth and yield enhancement. In this study native rhizobacteria were isolated from the wheat rhizosphere and ten isolates were characterized for plant growth promoting traits and biofilm production under axenic conditions. Among these ten isolates, five potential biofilm-producing plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria on the basis of invitro plant growth promoting trait assays were further tested under controlled and field conditions on wheat growth and yield attributes. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) spectra further revealed that biochemical contents of biofilm produced by selected bacterial PGPR strains are associated with proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids and DNA/RNA. Inoculated plants in growth chamber resulted in longer roots, shoots, and increase in fresh biomass than controls. Similarly, significant increases in plant height (up to 13.3, 16.7%), grain yield (up to 29.6, 46.9%), number of tillers (up to 18.7, 34.8%), nitrogen contents (up to 58.8, 48.1%), and phosphorus contents (up to 63.0, 51.0%) in grains were seen in both pot and field trials, respectively. The two most promising biofilm-producing isolates were identified through 16s rRNA partial gene sequencing as Brucella sp. (BF10), Lysinibacillus macroides (BF15). Moreover, leaf pigmentation and relative water contents increased in all treated plants. Taken together, our results revealed that biofilm forming PGPR can boost crop productivity for sustainable agriculture.
Patterns of eating behavior in middle-aged and older adults impact their obesity metabolic phenotype: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Pu Fangfang , Lin Jialing , Wei Yaoyao , Li Jingjing , Liao Xinyi , Shi Lei , Zeng Xianchun , Hu Wen 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Middle-aged and older adults have different obesity metabolic phenotypes, and explored the association between their overall dietary behavior patterns and obesity metabolic phenotypes, which is of great significance for the early prevention and control of chronic diseases, precise treatment, and individualized intervention.
Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study of 15,160 middle-aged and older adults between June 2019 and August 2021 to collect information on their Body mass index(BMI), biochemical indices and disease history. The population was classified into four categories by the criteria of obesity metabolic phenotypes: metabolically healthy non-obesity(MHNO), metabolically unhealthy non-obesity(MUNO), metabolically healthy obesity(MHO), and metabolically unhealthy obesity(MUO).According to the dietary behavioral pattern scores, the population was classified into three groups: 0–2, 3–4, and 5–6. The relationship between eating behavior patterns and different obesity metabolic phenotypes in middle-aged and elderly people was analysed by multicategorical logistic regression model.
Results
Compared with the 5–6 subgroup, the eating behavior patterns of 0–2 and 3–4 scores were risk factors for MUNO, MHO and MUO (P < 0.05), and the lower the scores of the eating behavior patterns, the higher the multiplicity of the occurrence of MUNO, MHO and MUO. Each dietary behaviour was further analysed separately from the obesity metabolic phenotypes; appropriate dietary taste, dietary speed, dietary softness and daily intake of dietary supplements were protective factors for MUNO, MHO, and MUO (P < 0.05); appropriate dietary temperature were protective factors for MUNO (P < 0.05)..
Conclusion
Dietary behavioral patterns of middle-aged and older adults can influence their different obesity metabolic phenotypes, and healthy eating behavior patterns (moderate and light taste, moderate and slightly soft texture, warm temperature, moderate and slow eating speed, daily intake of dietary supplements, and nonalone eating) are beneficial for the prevention and control of MUNO, MHO, and MUO.
Genetic Stability, Amino Acid and Polyamine Profile Analyses in Radiata Pine Somatic Embryos Maturated at High Temperatures
Authors: Montalbán Itziar Aurora , Castander-Olarieta Ander , Nascimento Antonia Maiara Marques Do , Suárez-Álvarez Sonia , Herrán Ana , Polesi Luiza Giacomolli , Steiner Neusa , Guerra Miguel Pedro , Moncaleán Paloma 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Applying stress factors such as high temperatures during the different stages of somatic embryogenesis is either important interesting to uncover the molecular mechanisms involved in stress response and adaptation, and as a strategy to produce plants adapted to harsh environmental conditions derived from climate changes. In this sense, the present work aims to study the effect of high temperatures applied during maturation of somatic embryogenesis in the ploidy stability, the amino acid and polyamine profiles of the somatic embryos obtained and in the morphological characteristics of the somatic plantlets. The results revealed that the maturation temperature did not affect the morphology of the resulting somatic plantlets, neither the ploidy and genome size of phenotypically normal somatic embryos, whose ploidy and DNA content levels were similar to those found in mature zygotic embryos. Nonetheless, a slight but significant reduction of the genome size of aberrant somatic embryos was observed. Of the 21 amino acids detected significant differences depending on the maturation temperature were found for glycine, arginine, lysine and ornithine. These last three amino acids are precursors of the polyamines detected. Regarding this, putrescine levels were higher in somatic embryos from the highest maturation temperature (5 min pulse at 60 ºC), however the amount of this polyamine in all samples was much lower than spermidine, spermine and cadaverine. In conclusion, the different temperatures applied did not led to substantial changes in the ploidy level, endogenous PAs of the somatic embryos developed, or in the morphology of the somatic plantlets. Significant changes in the endogenous amino acids were observed, which may be linked not only to PAs metabolism but to another metabolic pathways involved in stress response.