bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk prediction of iron deficiency for plasmapheresis donors in China: Development and validation of a prediction model
Authors: Xiao Guanglin , Li Changqing , Chen Yongjun , Zhao Peizhe , Li Wan , Xiao Hanzu , Yang Yating , Zhang Yu , Zhou Rong , Liu Aying , Liu Lili , Du Linzhi , Xiang Qian , Yang Jing , Wang Ya 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe present study aims to evaluate the iron stores in plasmapheresis donors and develop and validate an iron deficiency (ID) risk prediction model for plasmapheresis donors with potential or existing ID.Materials and MethodsWe assessed plasmapheresis donors' serum ferritin (SF) and haemoglobin (Hb) levels. The candidate factors showing significant differences in the multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to establish a risk prediction scoring system. The participants were divided into a training cohort and an internal validation cohort in a 7:3 ratio. Additional plasmapheresis donors from a different station were recruited for external validation.ResultsThe SF levels in both male and female donors in the high‐frequency group were significantly lower than those of new donors (male: p < 0.001; female: p = 0.008). The prevalence of ID in female regular donors with a high frequency was significantly higher than that in new donors (33.1% vs. 24.6%; odds ratio = 1.209 [95% CI: 1.035–1.412]). Donation frequency, age, Hb, body mass index and being pre‐menopausal were identified as independent risk factors for ID (p < 0.05). The developed model exhibited good discrimination ability (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve >0.7) and calibration (p > 0.05) in development, internal validation cohorts and external validation cohorts.ConclusionA higher donation frequency has been associated with reduced SF levels and an increased risk of ID in women. The developed ID risk prediction model demonstrates moderate discriminative power and good model fitting, suggesting its potential clinical utility.
Motion Compensator for an Untethered Walking Insect Using Adaptive Model Predictive Control
Authors: Rahman Kaushik , Ehme Daniel , Penick Clint , Kim Dal Hyung 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
A locomotion compensator is normally utilized to observe the behavior of walking insects. These compensators cancel out the movement of freely walking insects to facilitate long-term imaging for studying behavior. However, controlling the locomotion compensator with a small error (≤ 1 mm) has been challenging due to the random motion of walking insects. This study introduces an adaptive model predictive control (MPC) approach combined with trajectory prediction to effectively control the transparent omnidirectional locomotion compensator (TOLC) for a randomly walking fire ant. The proposed MPC with prediction (MPCwP) utilizes the average velocity from the previous gaiting cycle to estimate its future trajectory. Experimental results demonstrate that MPCwP significantly outperforms MPC without prediction (MPCwoP), which relies solely on the current position and orientation. The distance error of the MPCwP method remains below 0.6 mm for 90.3% and 1.0 mm for 99.2% of the time, whereas MPCwoP achieves this only 32.6% and 69.1% of the time, respectively. Furthermore, the proposed method enhances the tracking performance of the heading angle, with the heading angle error staying below 8 deg for 92.6% of the time (wθ=1.0). The enhanced performance of the proposed MPC has the potential to improve the observation images and enable the integration of additional equipment such as an optical microscope for brain or organ imaging.
Assessing Support for Policy Actions With Co-Benefits for Climate Change and Physical Activity in Canada
Authors: Fagan Matthew J. , Vanderloo Leigh M. , Banerjee Ananya , Ferguson Leah J. , Lee Eun-Young , O’Reilly Norman , Rhodes Ryan E. , Spence John C. , Tremblay Mark S. , Faulkner Guy 
Published: December 2023

Background: Calls to action addressing the interconnections between physical (in)activity and the climate crisis are increasing. The current study aimed to investigate public support for policy actions that potentially have co-benefits for physical activity promotion and climate change mitigation. Methods: In 2023, a survey through the Angus Reid Forum was completed by 2507 adults living in Canada. Binary logistic regressions were conducted. Separate models were created to reflect support or opposition to the 8 included policy items. Several covariates were included in the models including age, gender, political orientation, physical activity levels, income, urbanicity climate anxiety, and attitudes surrounding physical activity and climate change. The data were weighted to reflect the gender, age, and regional composition of the country. Results: Most individuals living in Canada strongly or moderately supported all actions (ranging from 71% to 85%). Meeting the physical activity guidelines, higher self-reported income, and scoring high on personal experience of climate change were associated with higher odds of supporting the policy actions related to climate actions. Conclusions: Most adults living in Canada support policies that align with the recommended policy actions related to physical activity and climate change. National campaigns enhancing awareness and understanding of the bidirectional relationship between physical activity and climate change are warranted, and these should consider the consistent demographic differences (eg, gender, age, and political orientation) seen in public support for physical activity-related policies.
Effect of Neuromuscular Electrostimulation With Blood Flow Restriction on Acute Muscle Swelling of the Abductor Hallucis
Authors: Okamura Kazunori , Hamaguchi Manami , Ueno Yuna , Kida Taira 
Published: December 2023

Context: Plantar intrinsic foot muscle strength training is difficult to master to a degree sufficient to elicit muscle hypertrophy in most individuals. It is possible that combining neuromuscular electrostimulation (NMES) and blood flow restriction (BFR) can elicit plantar intrinsic foot muscle hypertrophy regardless of the individual’s technique. This study aimed to determine the effects of NMES training with BFR on acute muscle swelling in the abductor hallucis. Design: Randomized, controlled, single-blind trial design. Methods: Forty-eight participants were randomly allocated to the NMES + BFR, NMES, or Sham NMES + BFR groups. All participants received abductor hallucis NMES for 15 minutes. Participants in the NMES + BFR and Sham NMES + BFR groups received NMES with BFR. The intensity of NMES was the sensory threshold in the Sham NMES + BFR group. The cross-sectional area of the abductor hallucis was measured pretraining and posttraining using ultrasonography by a single investigator blinded to the participants’ allocations. Results: After 15 minutes of training, the cross-sectional area of the abductor hallucis was significantly increased in the NMES + BFR (P < .001) and the Sham NMES + BFR (P = .004) groups. Moreover, the rate of increase was significantly higher in the NMES + BFR group than in the NMES or the Sham NMES + BFR groups (P < .001 and P = .001, respectively). Conclusions: Since it is possible that the amount of muscle swelling immediately after training correlates with muscle hypertrophy when training is continued, the results of this study suggest that NMES training with BFR is a training method that can be expected to produce plantar intrinsic foot muscle hypertrophy. Further studies are needed to confirm the long-term effects of NMES training with BFR.
The role of social media in public health crises caused by infectious disease: a scoping review
Authors: Terry Kirsty , Yang Fei , Yao Qiang , Liu Chaojie 
Published: December 2023

ImportanceThe onset of the COVID-19 global pandemic highlighted the increasing role played by social media in the generation, dissemination and consumption of outbreak-related information.ObjectiveThe objective of the current review is to identify and summarise the role of social media in public health crises caused by infectious disease, using a five-step scoping review protocol.Evidence reviewKeyword lists for two categories were generated: social media and public health crisis. By combining these keywords, an advanced search of various relevant databases was performed to identify all articles of interest from 2000 to 2021, with an initial retrieval date of 13 December 2021. A total of six medical and health science, psychology, social science and communication databases were searched: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, PsycINFO and CNKI. A three-stage screening process against inclusion and exclusion criteria was conducted.FindingsA total of 338 studies were identified for data extraction, with the earliest study published in 2010. Thematic analysis of the role of social media revealed three broad themes: surveillance monitoring, risk communication and disease control. Within these themes, 12 subthemes were also identified. Within surveillance monitoring, the subthemes were disease detection and prediction, public attitude and attention, public sentiment and mental health. Within risk communication, the subthemes were health advice, information-seeking behaviour, infodemics/misinformation circulation, seeking help online, online distance education and telehealth. Finally, within disease control, the subthemes were government response, public behaviour change and health education information quality. It was clear that the pace of research in this area has gradually increased over time as social media has evolved, with an explosion in attention following the outbreak of COVID-19.Conclusions and relevanceSocial media has become a hugely powerful force in public health and cannot be ignored or viewed as a minor consideration when developing public health policy. Limitations of the study are discussed, along with implications for government, health authorities and individual users. The pressing need for government and health authorities to formalise evidence-based strategies for communicating via social media is highlighted, as well as issues for individual users in assessing the quality and reliability of information consumed on social media platforms.
Intended changes in smoking behaviour of Dutch young adults after an increase in excise tax: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Visscher Kirsten , Everaars Babette , Suijkerbuijk Anita WM , Lambooij Mattijs , de Wit G Ardine 
Published: December 2023

ObjectivesIncreasing the price of tobacco is one of the most effective measures to reduce the prevalence of smoking. In the Netherlands, the excise tax on tobacco increased by €1.14 in 2020, raising the price of a standard package of cigarettes to €8.00. This study investigates how young adults intend to change their smoking behaviour in the case of hypothetical price increases of a pack of cigarettes, and which background characteristics are associated with intended behaviour change.DesignA cross-sectional online survey was carried out between September and November 2020. Smokers indicated how they would react to several hypothetical increases in price. Four behavioural options were investigated: smoking less, quitting smoking, switching to another/cheaper product and buying cheaper cigarettes cross-border.ParticipantsData were obtained from 776 Dutch smokers between 15 and 25 years.ResultsAt a hypothetical price of €10 per package, most respondents reported an intention to smoke less (67%), followed by switching to another/cheaper product (61%), quitting smoking (49%) and shopping for cigarettes cross-border (47%). Prior quit attempts, agreeing with the increase in excise tax and the intention to quit smoking in the future increased the odds of changing behaviour. Higher self-efficacy decreased the odds of behavioural change.ConclusionMany young adults intend to change their smoking behaviour in the event of increased prices. Although intended behaviour can deviate significantly from actual behaviour, an increase in excise tax may result in a significant amount of quit attempts and reduced smoking among young adults.
Efficacy of cell-based immunotherapies on patients with glioma: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analysis protocol
Authors: Nikoobakht Mehdi , Shamshiripour Parisa , Mostafavi Zadeh Seyed Mostafa , Rahnama Mehrana , Hajiahmadi Fahime , Ramezani Aghdas , Farzam Rad Vahideh , Nazari Elaheh , Moradi Ali-Reza , Akbarpour Mahzad , Ahmadvand Davoud 
Published: December 2023

IntroductionGlial brain tumours are highly mortal and are noted as major neurosurgical challenges due to frequent recurrence or progression. Despite standard-of-care treatment for gliomas, the prognosis of patients with higher-grade glial tumours is still poor, and hence empowering antitumour immunity against glioma is a potential future oncological prospect. This review is designed to improve our understanding of the efficacy of cell-based immunotherapies for glioma.Methods and analysisThis systematic review will be performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A comprehensive search of main electronic databases: PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, ISI Web of Science EMBASE and ProQuest will be done on original articles, followed by a manual review of review articles. Only records in English and only clinical trials will be encountered for full-text review. All the appropriate studies that encountered the inclusion criteria will be screened, selected and then will undergo data extraction step by two independent authors. For meta-analyses, data heterogeneity for each parameter will be first evaluated by Cochran’s Q and I2 statistics. In case of possible heterogeneity, a random-effects meta-analysis will be performed and for homogenous data, fixed-effects models will be selected for reporting the results of the proportional meta-analysis. Bias risk will be assessed through Begg’s and Egger’s tests and will also be visualised by Funnel plots.Ethics and disseminationAs this study will be a systematic review without human participants’ involvement, no ethical registration is required and meta-analysis will be presented at a peer-reviewed journal.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022373297
Co-designing a nature-based intervention to promote postnatal mental health for mothers and their infants: a complex intervention development study in England
Authors: Hall Katherine , Evans Jonathan , Roberts Rosa , Brown Richard , Duggan Lucy , Williamson Melanie , Moran Paul , Turner Katrina M , Barnes Christopher 
Published: December 2023

ObjectivesThere is burgeoning evidence for the potential of nature-based interventions to improve wellbeing. However, the role of nature in enhancing maternal mental health, child development and early relationships remains relatively unexplored. This study aimed to develop a co-designed nature-based intervention to improve postnatal mothers’ and infants’ wellbeing.Design, setting and participantsPerson-based and co-design approaches informed the planning and design of the postnatal nature-based intervention. In stage 1, a multidisciplinary team was formed to agree research questions and appropriate methodology, and a scoping review was conducted. Six qualitative focus groups were then held with 30 mothers and 15 professional stakeholders. In stage 2, intervention guiding principles and a logic model were developed, and a stakeholder consensus meeting was convened to finalise the prototype intervention. The research was conducted in Bristol, UK, across voluntary, educational and community-based healthcare settings.ResultsStakeholder consultation indicated significant enthusiasm for a postnatal nature-based intervention. A scoping review identified little existing research in this area. Focus group data are reported according to four broad themes: (1) perceived benefits of a group postnatal nature-based intervention, (2) potential drawbacks and barriers to access, (3) supporting attendance and implementation, and (4) ideas for intervention content. The developed intervention was tailored for mothers experiencing, or at risk of, postnatal mental health difficulties. It was identified that the intervention should facilitate engagement with the natural world through the senses, while taking into account a broad range of postnatal-specific practical and psychological needs.ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this is the first reported use of person-based and co-design approaches to develop a postnatal nature-based intervention. The resulting intervention was perceived by target users to address their needs and preferences. Further research is needed to determine the feasibility, clinical and cost-effectiveness of this approach.
Characterisation of internal tremors and vibration symptoms
Authors: Massey Dorothy , Sawano Mitsuaki , Baker Anna D , Güthe Diana Berrent , Güthe Nick , Shidlovsky Suzanne Pincus , Fisher Liza , Grady Connor B , Caraballo Cesar , Zhou Tianna , Sharma Richa , Krumholz Harlan M 
Published: December 2023

ObjectivesTo describe the experiences of patients who have postacute sequelae SARS-CoV-2 infection with internal vibrations and tremors as a prominent component, we leveraged the efforts by Survivor Corps, a grassroots COVID-19 patient advocacy group, to gather information from individuals belonging to its Facebook group with a history of COVID-19 suffering from vibrations and tremors.Setting and designA narrative analysis was performed on 140 emails and 450 social media comments from 140 individuals collected as a response to a call to >180 000 individuals participating in Survivor Corps between 15 July and 27 July 2021. We used common coding techniques and the constant comparative method for qualitative data synthesis and categorising emails. Coded data were entered into NVivo V.12 to identify recurrent themes, theme connections and supporting quotations. Comments were analysed using Word Clouds, generated with R V.4.0.3 usingquanteda,wordcloudandtmpackages.Main outcome measuresPatient-reported long COVID symptom themes and domains related to internal tremors and vibration.ResultsThe respondents’ emails represented 22 themes and 7 domains pertaining to their experience with internal tremor and vibrations. These domains were as follows: (1) symptom experience, description and anatomic location; (2) initial symptom onset; (3) symptom timing; (4) symptom triggers or alleviators; (5) change from baseline health status; (6) experience with medical establishment and (7) impact on individuals’ lives and livelihood. There were 22 themes in total, each corresponding to one of the broader domains. Among the responses, many described symptoms that varied in location, timing and triggers, occurred soon after their COVID-19 infection, and were markedly debilitating. There were often frustrating experiences with the healthcare system.ConclusionsThis study describes key themes and experiences among a group of people reporting long COVID and having a prolonged and debilitating symptom complex that prominently features internal tremors and vibrations.
Safety and efficacy of remimazolam tosilate combined with low-dose fentanyl for procedural sedation in obese patients undergoing gastroscopy: study protocol for a single-centre, double-blind, randomised controlled trial
Authors: Yan Lijuan , Wang Xiao , Chen Zhenyi , Wu Ningning , Li Hao , Yang Bin 
Published: December 2023

IntroductionObese patients are susceptible to hypoxaemia during procedural sedation. Propofol combined with low-dose opioids is commonly used as a sedation strategy, but it can exacerbate hypoxaemia by causing cardiopulmonary depression and airway obstruction, especially in obese patients. Remimazolam, a novel ultra-short-acting benzodiazepine, has minimal accumulative effects and less cardiorespiratory depression. This study aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of combining remimazolam tosilate with low-dose fentanyl as an alternative option for procedural sedation in obese patients undergoing gastroscopy.Methods and analysisThis randomised controlled trial (RCT) will be conducted in the Endoscopy Centre of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, recruiting 174 participants scheduled for painless gastroscopy with a body mass index of 30–39.9 kg×m–2. All patients will be randomly divided into two groups in a 1:1 ratio. The sedation strategy of the intervention group is remimazolam tosilate combined with fentanyl, while the control group is propofol combined with fentanyl. The primary outcome is the incidence of hypoxaemia and the secondary outcomes include the time to ambulation, need for airway manoeuvres and rescue sedation, sleep quality, the incidence of sedation failure, adverse events and the cost of sedatives. All statistical tests will be performed using IBM SPSS V.20.0 statistical software. A p value<0.05 is considered statistically significant.Ethics and disseminationThis RCT was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University (Scientific Research Ethics Review 2022, No.093). The results will be published in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberChiCTR2200067076.
Utilising patient-reported outcomes for goal-directed therapy of hip fracture patients: a sequential controlled trial
Authors: Schroeder Hanna , Israeli Avi , Liebergall Meir , Or Omer , Abu Ahmad Wiessam , Paltiel Ora , Justo Dan , Zimlichman Eyal 
Published: December 2023

BackgroundHip fracture patients (HFPs) frequently have multiple underlying conditions, necessitating that agreed-upon goals take these complications into consideration. Communication regarding goals between medical-personnel and patients is not always effective. Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) can outline personal goals and help promote quality health care in HFPs. Few studies have been published on this topic. The study’s aim was to outline the process of using PROs for goal-directed therapy among HFPs.MethodsThis sequential controlled trial was conducted among HFPs from two medical centres. The control and the intervention group received integrative rehabilitation. PROs were measured in both groups using the SF36 questionnaire three times postsurgery: 24–48 hours, 2 weeks and 3 months. During the first round of questioning, only the intervention group was asked ‘what matters most to you?’ during the rehabilitative process. Accordingly, agreed-upon goals that were determined by the SF36’s eight topics and were incorporated into the HFP’s rehabilitative process. A Likert scale of 1–5, ‘1’ indicating no-achievement and ‘5’ full-achievement, was used to assess the goal achievement 4–6 months post-fracture.Results84 HFPs participated in the study: 40 and 44 in the intervention and control group, respectively. In both groups, PROs declined after the HF, then improved somewhat 3 months later, but did not return to prefracture scores. Among the intervention group, 39% reached their specific goals (Likert level 5). Patients who achieved their goals had better PROs in comparison to others. The intervention group indicated PROs helped them articulate their desires and introduced them to new areas of care.ConclusionsShifting from asking ‘what’s the matter?’ to ‘what matters most to you?’ can improve the understanding of HFPs’ own priorities, promote quality outcomes and enhance patient-centred care. Using PROs as a guide for goal-directed therapy can create a more inclusive process that includes the patients’ most important health determinants and needs.