bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enabling children’s genuine participation in digital design and fabrication: instructors’ perspective
Authors: Norouzi Behnaz , Sharma Sumita , Kinnula Marianne , Iivari Netta , Ukkola Minttu , Milara Ivan Sanchez , Bulygin Gleb , uusitalo Jari , Iwata Megumi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDigital fabrication laboratories (Fab Labs) are accessible to the public, including children and families. However, a variety of technical skills, tools, and expertise are needed in these spaces, and Fab Lab staff—instructors working there—are in a key role in helping Fab Lab users. There is, however, a lack of research on how these instructors can inspire children's genuine participation in Fab Labs. We analyze the challenges faced by four instructors during two months of Fab Lab workshops with 7–12-year-old children. The children worked in child-only or child-parent groups on informal digital design and fabrication activities. Based on genuine participation principles derived from the literature, we designed our workshops, which included the creation of instructor guideline. At the end, we developed a post-workshop framework in which the instructors provided feedback about their performance and experiences. We provide recommendations to help instructors support children's genuine participation in digital design and fabrication.
On groups with chordal power graph, including a classification in the case of finite simple groups
Authors: Brachter Jendrik , Kaja Eda 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe prove various properties on the structure of groups whose power graph is chordal. Nilpotent groups with this property have been classified by (Electron J Combin 28(3):14, 2021). Here we classify the finite simple groups with chordal power graph, relative to typical number theoretic conditions. We do so by devising several sufficient conditions for the existence and non-existence of long cycles in power graphs of finite groups. We examine other natural group classes, including special linear, symmetric, generalized dihedral and quaternion groups, and we characterize direct products with chordal power graph. The classification problem is thereby reduced to directly indecomposable groups, and we further obtain a list of possible socles. Lastly, we give a general bound on the length of an induced path in chordal power graphs, providing another potential road to advance the classification beyond simple groups.
What Bereaved Children Want to Know About Death and Grief
Authors: Joy Caitlin , Staniland Lexy , Mazzucchelli Trevor G. , Skinner Shelly , Cuddeford Lisa , Breen Lauren J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWhile childhood bereavement is common, children’s bereavement needs are not well understood. It is recognized that children’s understandings of death fundamentally differ from those of adults, however, limited research has explored this from a child’s perspective. Insight about children’s understandings and needs can be drawn from the questions they ask about it. Bereaved children aged 5–12 years were invited to submit questions about death and grief during a camp for grieving children. Children’s questions (N = 213) from 10 camps were analyzed using conventional content analysis. Five themes were identified: Causes and Processes of Death; Human Intervention; Managing Grief; The Meaning of Life and Death; and After Death. Children’s questions revealed that they are curious about various biological, emotional, and existential experiences and concepts, demonstrating complex and multi-faceted considerations of death and its subsequent impact on their lives. Findings suggest that bereaved children may benefit from opportunities to freely discuss their thoughts about death, which may facilitate appropriate education and emotional support.
Habermas, Popular Sovereignty, and the Legitimacy of Law
Authors: Duke George 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHabermas’ theory of popular sovereignty has received comparatively little sustained critical attention in the Anglo-American literature since initial responses to Between Facts and Norms. In light of subsequent work on group agency, this paper argues that Habermas’ reconstruction of popular sovereignty—in its denial of the normative force of collective citizen action—is best understood as a renunciation of the doctrine. The paper is structured in three sections. Section 1 examines Habermas’ treatment of popular sovereignty prior to Between Facts and Norms as both (i) a principle of constitutional legitimacy or normative justification for the modern Rechtsstaat and (ii) a concept of legitimation for the rule of the ascendant liberal bourgeoisie. Section 2 then argues that Habermas’ reconstruction of popular sovereignty in Between Facts and Norms, by discounting the role of collective citizen agency in the justification of the modern constitutional state, empties the doctrine of its core normative content. The final section briefly elaborates on this claim by reference to Habermas’ theory of the public sphere.
Borderline consciousness, when it’s neither determinately true nor determinately false that experience is present
Authors: Schwitzgebel Eric 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis article defends the existence of borderline consciousness. In borderline consciousness, conscious experience is neither determinately present nor determinately absent, but rather somewhere between. The argument in brief is this. In considering what types of systems are conscious, we face a quadrilemma. Either nothing is conscious, or everything is conscious, or there’s a sharp boundary across the apparent continuum between conscious systems and nonconscious ones, or consciousness is a vague property admitting indeterminate cases. Assuming mainstream naturalism about consciousness, we ought to reject the first three options, which forces us to the fourth, indeterminacy. Standard objections to the existence of borderline consciousness turn on the inconceivability of borderline cases. However, borderline cases are only inconceivable by an inappropriately demanding standard of conceivability. I conclude with some plausible cases and applications.
Assertion, Lying and the Norm of Truth
Authors: Teichmann Roger 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn chapter four of Truth and Truthfulness Bernard Williams presents an account of assertion that relies heavily on the ‘psychological’ notions of belief and intention. In chapter five his definition of lying similarly relies on such notions. For Williams, insofar as there are norms governing assertion as such or norms broken by lying as such, these norms relate to saying what you think to be true, as distinct from saying what is true. I argue that this ‘psychologized’ account of assertion (and lying) is for various reasons mistaken. A consequence of Williams’s approach is that ‘Shall I tell the truth here?’ is presented as a much more open question for an agent than it possibly can be. Only by adverting to the language-game presupposed by that question’s having any sense at all can we arrive at a fair picture of when and how the answer ‘No’ might be reasonable.
Can a History of Childhood Trauma Impact the Effectiveness of Treatment in Individuals with Alcohol Use Disorders? A 2.5- and 5-Year Follow-up
Authors: Berglund Kristina J. , Alborn Sven-Eric , Wennberg Peter 
Published: October 2023

AbstractExperienced childhood trauma (CT) is prevalent in individuals with alcohol use disorders (AUDs). Few studies examine how experienced CT affects alcohol-treatment outcome. This study accordingly investigates whether experienced CT independently affects treatment outcome 2.5- and 5-years post-treatment, controlling for other significant variables, such as self-efficacy, self-directedness, and mental health. Participants (n = 349) with AUDs (without severe psychiatric comorbidity or drug dependence) were recruited from three alcohol-treatment settings and followed up 2.5- and 5 years after treatment initiation. The group with experienced CT had more mental health problems, less self-efficacy, and less self-directedness. Multiple and logistic regressions were conducted using the outcome variables total number of DSM-IV criteria and abstinence. The results indicated that CT did not independently affect treatment outcome. Individuals with AUDs and experienced CT benefitted the same from alcohol treatment as those without such experience; however, studies should also examine groups with AUD and psychiatric comorbidity.
Police Bias and Low Relatability and Diet Quality: Examining the Importance of Psychosocial Factors in Predominantly Black Communities
Authors: Richardson Andrea S. , Collins Rebecca L. , Burns Rachel M. , Cantor Jonathan , Siddiqi Sameer M. , Dubowitz Tamara 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHow police bias and low relatability may contribute to poor dietary quality is poorly understood. In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed data from 2021 from a cohort of n = 724 adults living in predominantly Black communities in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; these adults were mostly Black (90.6%), low-income (median household income $17,500), and women (79.3%). We estimated direct and indirect paths between police mistrust and dietary quality (measured by Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015) through perceived stress, community connectedness, and subjective social status. Dietary quality was poor (mean HEI-2015 score was 50) and mistrust of police was high: 78% of participants either agreed or strongly agreed that something they say might be interpreted as criminal by the police due to their race/ethnicity. Police bias and low relatability was associated with lower perceived social status $$\beta$$
β
=  − 0.03 (95% confidence interval [CI]: − 0.05, − 0.01). Police bias and low relatability was marginally associated with low dietary quality β =  − 0.14 (95% CI: − 0.29, 0.02). Nineteen percent of the total association between police bias and low relatability and lower dietary quality β =  − 0.16 (− 0.01, − 0.31) was explained by an indirect association through lower community connectedness, or how close respondents felt with their community $$.$$
.
Police bias and low relatability may play a role in community connection, social status, and ultimately dietary disparities for Black Americans. Addressing police bias and low relatability is a continuing and pressing public health issue.
A multitask deep learning radiomics model for predicting the macrotrabecular-massive subtype and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy
Authors: He Xuelei , Li Kai , Wei Ran , Zuo Mengxuan , Yao Wang , Zheng Zechen , He Xiaowei , Fu Yan , Li Chengzhi , An Chao , Liu Wendao 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
The macrotrabecular-massive (MTM) is a special subtype of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which has commonly a dismal prognosis. This study aimed to develop a multitask deep learning radiomics (MDLR) model for predicting MTM and HCC patients’ prognosis after hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC).

Methods
From June 2018 to March 2020, 158 eligible patients with HCC who underwent surgery were retrospectively enrolled in MTM related cohorts, and 752 HCC patients who underwent HAIC were included in HAIC related cohorts during the same period. DLR features were extracted from dual-phase (arterial phase and venous phase) contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) of the entire liver region. Then, an MDLR model was used for the simultaneous prediction of the MTM subtype and patient prognosis after HAIC. The MDLR model for prognostic risk stratification incorporated DLR signatures, clinical variables and MTM subtype.

Findings
The predictive performance of the DLR model for the MTM subtype was 0.968 in the training cohort [TC], 0.912 in the internal test cohort [ITC] and 0.773 in the external test cohort [ETC], respectively. Multivariable analysis identified portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT) (p = 0.012), HAIC response (p < 0.001), HAIC sessions (p < 0.001) and MTM subtype (p < 0.001) as indicators of poor prognosis. After incorporating DLR signatures, the MDLR model yielded the best performance among all models (AUC, 0.855 in the TC, 0.805 in the ITC and 0.792 in the ETC). With these variables, the MDLR model provided two risk strata for overall survival (OS) in the TC: low risk (5-year OS, 44.9%) and high risk (5-year OS, 4.9%).

Interpretation
A tool based on MDLR was developed to consider that the MTM is an important prognosis factor for HCC patients. MDLR showed outstanding performance for the prognostic risk stratification of HCC patients who underwent HAIC and may help physicians with therapeutic decision making and surveillance strategy selection in clinical practice.
Idealizing Abolition
Authors: Fryer Daniel 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe United States system of policing is in drastic need of change. Some recent critics have encouraged that we avoid trying to repair the system—and abolish it altogether. In advancing this position, they often invoke ideas of “dreams,” “speculative imagination,” and “horizons” to guide efforts at fixing the problems of policing. In this essay, I caution against the overuse of this sort of idealized discourse in debates about policing. Specifically, I show how idealizations risk being counterproductive with respect to abolitionists’ activist goals, in that they suggest that if abolition is desirable, approximating abolition is also desirable; fail to clarify what the conditions of application of their view are; and operate without the feasibility-sensitivity that one should expect from a non-evaluative position. My goal is not to suggest that our system of policing is fine as is. Nor is it to diminish the importance of having a long-term revolutionary vision. By pointing out the ways in which the idealizations invoked are inconsistent with abolitionists’ activist agenda, I hope to help clarify the merits of police abolition as a guiding strategy for change and caution against the use of certain forms of idealized thinking in our efforts at police reform.
Performance evaluation of ChatGPT, GPT-4, and Bard on the official board examination of the Japan Radiology Society
Authors: Toyama Yoshitaka , Harigai Ayaka , Abe Mirei , Nagano Mitsutoshi , Kawabata Masahiro , Seki Yasuhiro , Takase Kei 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Herein, we assessed the accuracy of large language models (LLMs) in generating responses to questions in clinical radiology practice. We compared the performance of ChatGPT, GPT-4, and Google Bard using questions from the Japan Radiology Board Examination (JRBE).

Materials and methods
In total, 103 questions from the JRBE 2022 were used with permission from the Japan Radiological Society. These questions were categorized by pattern, required level of thinking, and topic. McNemar’s test was used to compare the proportion of correct responses between the LLMs. Fisher’s exact test was used to assess the performance of GPT-4 for each topic category.

Results
ChatGPT, GPT-4, and Google Bard correctly answered 40.8% (42 of 103), 65.0% (67 of 103), and 38.8% (40 of 103) of the questions, respectively. GPT-4 significantly outperformed ChatGPT by 24.2% (p < 0.001) and Google Bard by 26.2% (p < 0.001). In the categorical analysis by level of thinking, GPT-4 correctly answered 79.7% of the lower-order questions, which was significantly higher than ChatGPT or Google Bard (p < 0.001). The categorical analysis by question pattern revealed GPT-4’s superiority over ChatGPT (67.4% vs. 46.5%, p = 0.004) and Google Bard (39.5%, p < 0.001) in the single-answer questions. The categorical analysis by topic revealed that GPT-4 outperformed ChatGPT (40%, p = 0.013) and Google Bard (26.7%, p = 0.004). No significant differences were observed between the LLMs in the categories not mentioned above. The performance of GPT-4 was significantly better in nuclear medicine (93.3%) than in diagnostic radiology (55.8%; p < 0.001). GPT-4 also performed better on lower-order questions than on higher-order questions (79.7% vs. 45.5%, p < 0.001).

Conclusion
ChatGPTplus based on GPT-4 scored 65% when answering Japanese questions from the JRBE, outperforming ChatGPT and Google Bard. This highlights the potential of using LLMs to address advanced clinical questions in the field of radiology in Japan.
Analyzing psychophysical state and cognitive performance in human-robot collaboration for repetitive assembly processes
Authors: Gervasi Riccardo , Capponi Matteo , Mastrogiacomo Luca , Franceschini Fiorenzo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractOne of the main paradigms of Industry 5.0 is represented by human-robot collaboration (HRC), which aims to support humans in production processes. However, working entire shifts in close contact with a robotic system may introduce new hazards from a cognitive ergonomics perspective. This paper presents a methodological approach to monitor the evolution of the operator’s psychophysical state noninvasively in shifts of a repetitive assembly process, focusing on stress, mental workload, and fatigue. Through the use of non-invasive biosensors, it is possible to obtain objective information, even in real time, on the operator’s cognitive load and stress in a naturalistic manner (i.e., without interrupting or hindering the process). In the HRC setting, recognition of the operator’s psychophysical state is the first step in supporting his or her well-being and can provide clues to improve collaboration. The proposed method was applied to a case study aimed at comparing shifts performed both manually and with a cobot of a repetitive assembly process. The results showed significant differences in terms of process performance evolution and psychophysical state of the operator. In particular, the presence of the cobot resulted in fewer process failures, stress and cognitive load especially in the first phase of the work shift. The case study analyzed also showed the adequacy of noninvasively collected physiological data in providing important information on the evolution of the operator’s stress, cognitive load, and fatigue.
A systematic review and meta-analysis assessing the use of tranexamic acid (TXA) in acute gastrointestinal bleeding
Authors: O’Donnell Oisín , Gallagher Clodagh , Davey Matthew G. , Coulter Jonathan , Regan Mark 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Gastrointestinal bleeding results in significant morbidity, cost and mortality. TXA, an antifibrinolytic agent, has been proposed to reduce mortality; however, many studies report conflicting results.

Methods
The aim of the study was to perform the first systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs to evaluate the efficacy TXA for both upper and lower gastrointestinal bleeding. This was performed per PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane and Scopus databases were searched for RCTs. Dichotomous variables were pooled as risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) using the MH method with random effects modelling.

Results
Fourteen RCTs were identified with 14,338 patients and mean age of 58.4 years. 34.9% (n = 5008) were female and 65.1% (n = 9330) male. There was no significant difference in mortality between TXA and placebo (RR 0.86 95% CI (0.74 to 1.00), P: 0.05). The secondary outcomes, similarly, did not yield significant results. These included rebleeding, need for surgical intervention (RR: 0.75 95% CI (0.53, 1.07)), endoscopic intervention (RR: 0.92 95% CI (0.70, 1.22)), transfusion requirement (RR: 1.01 95% CI (0.94, 10.7)) and length of stay (RR: 0.03 95% CI (− 0.03, 0.08)). There was no increased risk of VTE, RR: 1.29 95% CI (0.53, 3.16). One trial (n = 12,009) reported an increased risk of seizure in the TXA group, RR: 1.73 95% CI (1.03–2.93).

Conclusion
TXA does not reduce mortality in patients with acute upper or lower gastrointestinal bleeding and may confer an increased risk of seizures. The authors do not recommend the use of TXA in acute gastrointestinal bleeding.
Gamification: a Novel Approach to Mental Health Promotion
Authors: Cheng Cecilia , Ebrahimi Omid V. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Gamification has emerged as a novel technique for improving mental health and enhancing treatment effectiveness. This paper provides an overview of gamification approaches to mental health intervention, identifies factors that may be related to variations in treatment effectiveness, and discusses possible strategies for tailoring gamified interventions to clients’ needs.

Recent Findings
Recent research has documented the potential of gamified mental health interventions for bolstering mental wellness and mitigating psychological symptoms. However, their effectiveness may vary depending on study design-related factors and gender-specific considerations. Literature reviews have also identified yet-to-be resolved issues surrounding the possible strengths and weaknesses of the personalization versus standardization of gamification, as well as the potential benefits of gamification for increasing engagement versus the potential risks of over-engagement and behavioral addiction to gamified components.

Summary
This review highlights the need for careful planning and execution of gamified mental health interventions to optimize their effectiveness and suitability for meeting clients’ individual needs and preferences.
Fatty Acids and their Proteins in Adipose Tissue Inflammation
Authors: Mallick Rahul , Basak Sanjay , Das Ranjit K. , Banerjee Antara , Paul Sujay , Pathak Surajit , Duttaroy Asim K. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractChronic low-grade adipose tissue inflammation is associated with metabolic disorders. Inflammation results from the intertwined cross-talks of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory pathways in the immune response of adipose tissue. In addition, adipose FABP4 levels and lipid droplet proteins are involved in systemic and tissue inflammation. Dysregulated adipocytes help infiltrate immune cells derived from bone marrow responsible for producing cytokines and chemokines. When adipose tissue expands in excess, adipocyte exhibits increased secretion of adipokines and is implicated in metabolic disturbances due to the release of free fatty acids. This review presents an emerging concept in adipose tissue fat metabolism, fatty acid handling and binding proteins, and lipid droplet proteins and their involvement in inflammatory disorders.
Ethical Design of Social Robots in Aged Care: A Literature Review Using an Ethics of Care Perspective
Authors: Yuan Shuai , Coghlan Simon , Lederman Reeva , Waycott Jenny 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWith interest growing in social robots for older people, it is crucial to consider how robots can be designed to support wellbeing and ethical values in residential aged care. By applying Tronto’s ethics of care framework and the Care Centred Value-Sensitive Design methodology to existing literature, this paper investigates how caring values are expressed, achieved, or undermined in interactions among older adults, caregivers, and social robots in real-world aged care practices. We conducted a comprehensive review of 18 qualitative and mixed-method studies on the deployment of humanoid social robots in residential aged care settings. Our analysis of the literature through a care ethics lens identified ways in which robots may either augment or limit care. The analysis particularly highlights the ethical importance of effective collaboration among robots, caregivers, and designers. We argue that a care ethics framework can enhance such collaboration and thereby promote good care. We further propose four design principles to guide designers in integrating care ethics into robot design requirements. These practical principles should help to promote the wellbeing of both residents and caregivers in aged care.