bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of diagnostic performance of radiologist- and AI-based assessments of T2-FLAIR mismatch sign and quantitative assessment using synthetic MRI in the differential diagnosis between astrocytoma, IDH-mutant and oligodendroglioma, IDH-mutant and 1p/19q-codeleted
Authors: Kikuchi Kazufumi , Togao Osamu , Yamashita Koji , Momosaka Daichi , Kikuchi Yoshitomo , Kuga Daisuke , Yuhei Sangatsuda , Fujioka Yutaka , Narutomi Fumiya , Obara Makoto , Yoshimoto Koji , Ishigami Kousei 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to compare assessments by radiologists, artificial intelligence (AI), and quantitative measurement using synthetic MRI (SyMRI) for differential diagnosis between astrocytoma, IDH-mutant and oligodendroglioma, and IDH-mutant and 1p/19q-codeleted and to identify the superior method.

Methods
Thirty-three cases (men, 14; women, 19) comprising 19 astrocytomas and 14 oligodendrogliomas were evaluated. Four radiologists independently evaluated the presence of the T2-FLAIR mismatch sign. A 3D convolutional neural network (CNN) model was trained using 50 patients outside the test group (28 astrocytomas and 22 oligodendrogliomas) and transferred to evaluate the T2-FLAIR mismatch lesions in the test group. If the CNN labeled more than 50% of the T2-prolonged lesion area, the result was considered positive. The T1/T2-relaxation times and proton density (PD) derived from SyMRI were measured in both gliomas. Each quantitative parameter (T1, T2, and PD) was compared between gliomas using the Mann–Whitney U-test. Receiver-operating characteristic analysis was used to evaluate the diagnostic performance.

Results
The mean sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC) of radiologists vs. AI were 76.3% vs. 94.7%; 100% vs. 92.9%; and 0.880 vs. 0.938, respectively. The two types of diffuse gliomas could be differentiated using a cutoff value of 2290/128 ms for a combined 90th percentile of T1 and 10th percentile of T2 relaxation times with 94.4/100% sensitivity/specificity with an AUC of 0.981.

Conclusion
Compared to the radiologists’ assessment using the T2-FLAIR mismatch sign, the AI and the SyMRI assessments increased both sensitivity and objectivity, resulting in improved diagnostic performance in differentiating gliomas.
16S rRNA metagenomic profiling of red amaranth grown organically with different composts and soils
Authors: Sharma Pooja , Mahongnao Sophayo , Ahamad Arif , Gupta Radhika , Goel Anita , Kumar Narendra , Nanda Sarita 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In recent years organic food is gaining popularity as it is believed to promote better human health and improve soil sustainability, but there are apprehensions about pathogens in organic produces. This study was designed to understand the effect of different composts and soils on the status of the microbiome present in organically grown leafy vegetables. 16S rRNA metagenomic profiling of the leaves was done, and data were analyzed. It was found that by adding composts, the OTU of the microbiome in the organic produce was higher than in the conventional produce. The beneficial genera identified across the samples included plant growth promoters (Achromobacter, Paenibacillus, Pseudomonas, Sphingobacterium) and probiotics (Lactobacillus), which were higher in the organic produce. Some pathogenic genera, viz., plant pathogenic bacteria (Cellvibrio, Georgenia) and human pathogenic bacteria (Corynebacterium, Acinetobacter, Streptococcus, Streptomyces) were also found but with relatively low counts in the organic produce. Thus, the present study highlights that organic produce has lesser pathogen contamination than the conventional produce.

Key points
• 16S rRNA metagenomics profiling done for organic red amaranth cultivar
• Microbial richness varied with respect to the soil and compost type used
• The ratio of beneficial to pathogenic genera improves with the addition of compost

Graphical Abstract
Etiologies and predictors of mortality in an all-comer population of patients with non-ischemic heart failure
Authors: Göbel S. , Braun A. S. , Hahad O. , von Henning U. , Brandt M. , Keller K. , Gaida M. M. , Gori T. , Schultheiss H. P. , Escher F. , Münzel T. , Wenzel P. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Despite progress in diagnosis and therapy of heart failure (HF), etiology and risk stratification remain elusive in many patients.

Methods
The My Biopsy HF Study (German clinical trials register number: DRKS22178) is a retrospective monocentric study investigating an all-comer population of patients with unexplained HF based on a thorough workup including endomyocardial biopsy (EMB).

Results
655 patients (70.9% men, median age 55 [45/66] years) with non-ischemic, non-valvular HF were included in the analyses. 489 patients were diagnosed with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), 52 patients with HF with mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF) and 114 patients with HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). After a median follow-up of 4.6 (2.5/6.6) years, 94 deaths were enumerated (HFrEF: 68; HFmrEF: 8; HFpEF: 18), equating to mortality rates of 3.3% and 11.6% for patients with HFrEF, 7.7% and 15.4% for patients with HFmrEF and 5.3% and 11.4% for patients with HFpEF after 1 and 5 years, respectively. In EMB, we detected a variety of putative etiologies of HF, including incidental cardiac amyloidosis (CA, 5.8%). In multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusting for age, sex and comorbidities only CA, age and NYHA functional class III + IV remained independently associated with all-cause mortality (CA: HRperui 3.13, 95% CI 1.5–6.51; p = 0.002).

Conclusions
In an all-comer population of patients presenting with HF of unknown etiology, incidental finding of CA stands out to be independently associated with all-cause mortality. Our findings suggest that prospective trials would be helpful to test the added value of a systematic and holistic work-up of HF of unknown etiology.

Graphical abstract
Comparison of the accuracy of three interproximal reduction methods used in clear aligner treatment
Authors: Güleç-Ergün Pelinsu , Arman-Özçırpıcı Ayça , Atakan-Kocabalkan Azize , Tunçer Nilüfer İrem 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Objectives
To comparatively assess 3 interproximal reduction (IPR) methods used in clear aligner treatment with regard to accuracy, and patient perception of discomfort and anxiety.

Materials and methods
A total of 42 patients, treated with the Invisalign® system, were included in this prospective trial and received one of the following IPR methods: hand-operated abrasive strips (group 1; 14 patients, 150 teeth), motor-driven 3/4 oscillating segmental discs (group 2; 14 patients, 134 teeth), or motor-driven abrasive strips (group 3; 14 patients, 133 teeth). Accuracy was evaluated using the difference between planned and executed IPR. Anxiety and discomfort levels experienced by the patients were evaluated using a questionnaire of 17 questions.

Results
The accuracy of IPR was high in groups 2 and 3; however, it was low in group 1 with the executed IPR significantly less than the planned amount. On quadrant-level, executed IPR was significantly less in the upper left quadrant in group 1, and significantly more in the upper right quadrant in group 2. The difference between planned IPR and executed IPR was significant for teeth 11, 21, 32, 33, and 43 in group 1, indicating deficiency. The average difference between planned IPR and executed IPR was 0.08 mm for group 1, 0.09 mm for group 2, and 0.1 mm for group 3. Anxiety and discomfort levels did not differ between the methods, but a negative correlation was observed between age and discomfort and anxiety levels.

Conclusions
The overall accuracy of the 2 motor-driven IPR methods was found to be better than the hand-operated system. Maxillary central incisors and mandibular canines were more prone to IPR deficiency when hand-operated abrasive strips were utilized. Patients were similarly comfortable with all 3 methods, and discomfort and anxiety levels decreased with age.

Clinical relevance
Motor-driven methods have proven to be more effective when compared to the hand-operated ones by means of precision, speed, and patient comfort. If the clinician favors a hand-operated method, it may be advised to perform slightly more IPR especially on mandibular canines and maxillary central incisors.
The effect of the attitude towards risk/ambiguity on examination grades: cross-sectional study in a Portuguese medical school
Authors: Leite-Mendes Filipe , Delgado Luis , Ferreira Amelia , Severo Milton 
Published: January 2024

AbstractGiven the high prevalence of multiple-choice examinations with formula scoring in medical training, several studies have tried to identify other factors in addition to the degree of knowledge of students which influence their response patterns. This study aims to measure the effect of students’ attitude towards risk and ambiguity on their number of correct, wrong, and blank answers. In October 2018, 233 3rd year medical students from the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, in Porto, Portugal, completed a questionnaire which assessed the student’s attitudes towards risk and ambiguity, and aversion to ambiguity in medicine. Simple and multiple regression models and the respective regression coefficients were used to measure the association between the students’ attitudes, and their answers in two examinations that they had taken in June 2018. Having an intermediate level of ambiguity aversion in medicine (as opposed to a very high or low level) was associated with a significant increase in the number of correct answers and decrease in the number of blank answers in the first examination. In the second examination, high levels of ambiguity aversion in medicine were associated with a decrease in the number of wrong answers. Attitude towards risk, tolerance for ambiguity, and gender did not show significant association with the number of correct, wrong, and blank answers for either examination. Students’ ambiguity aversion in medicine is correlated with their performance in multiple-choice examinations with negative marking. Therefore, it is suggested the planning and implementation of counselling sessions with medical students regarding the possible impact of ambiguity aversion on their performance in multiple-choice questions with negative marking.
Impact of invasive Carex kobomugi on the native dune community in a US mid-Atlantic coastal system
Authors: Riffe Emily C. , Zinnert Julie C. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDunes provide numerous ecosystem services including habitat for flora and fauna, coastal protection through mitigation of wind and wave energy, and as a barrier to storm flooding. Dune vegetation that inhabits these systems plays a vital role in building dunes and resisting erosion. In the United States, the Virginia coast is a transitional temperature zone for several dominant dune grasses, where the northern species, Ammophila breviligulata (C3) and the southern species, Uniola paniculata and Panicum amarum (both C4) overlap. At Back Bay National Wildlife Refuge (NWR), Virginia, warming temperatures are resulting in native species range shifts altering biotic interactions. Additionally, the invasive sedge, Carex kobomugi (C3) has become more prevalent in the region with unknown effects on the landscape. To understand the impact of Carex on the native plant community, we quantified species distribution and morphological traits of three dominant native species, A. breviligulata, Panicum, and Uniola as well as invasive Carex. We found that Carex was most dominant and exhibited similar individual traits when compared to native species. The suite of plant traits was unique in Carex, with less variation than in native species allowing for rapid nutrient acquisition and growth. These traits, combined with species distribution data suggest that Carex may limit Ammophila abundance. Similarly, presence of Carex had a negative effect on Panicum growth, but no discernible effect on Uniola. Success of Carex at Back Bay NWR may be indicative of the future spread of the species due to above and belowground morphological traits, which may give the invasive an advantage with climate warming.
Cognitive Load Theory and Its Relationships with Motivation: a Self-Determination Theory Perspective
Authors: Evans Paul , Vansteenkiste Maarten , Parker Philip , Kingsford-Smith Andrew , Zhou Sijing 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAlthough cognitive load theory research has studied factors associated with motivation, these literatures have primarily been developed in isolation from each other. In this contribution, we aimed to advance both fields by examining the effects of instructional strategies on learners’ experience of cognitive load, motivation, engagement, and achievement. Students (N = 1287) in years 7–10 in four Australian high schools completed survey measures of motivation, engagement, cognitive load, and their teachers’ perceived instructional strategies and motivating style. Results suggest that teachers’ load-reducing instructional strategies were related to lower cognitive load and were positively associated with relative autonomous motivation, engagement, and achievement. Teachers’ motivating styles characterized by autonomy support and structure were also associated with reduced extraneous and intrinsic cognitive load, as well as motivation and engagement. We conclude that by using load-reducing strategies and a motivating style characterized by structure and autonomy support, teachers can reduce students’ cognitive load and improve their self-regulated motivation, engagement, and achievement. In so doing, we discuss a number of future avenues for the joint study of self-determination theory and cognitive load theory, with the aim of refining and extending both perspectives.
Mother-Father Differences in Risk Factors for Postnatal Psychological Distress: Results from the German SKKIPPI Cohort Study
Authors: Neumann Ariana , Bolster Marie , Lisewski Natalja , Icke Katja , Reinhold Thomas , Schlensog-Schuster Franziska , Ludwig-Körner Christiane , Kuchinke Lars , Keil Thomas , Roll Stephanie , Berghöfer Anne , Fricke Julia 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe postnatal period is a potentially vulnerable time for families and can be associated with psychological distress in mothers and fathers. The aim of this analysis was to identify mother-father differences in symptoms of postnatal psychological distress and their risk factors. Cross-sectional screening data for postnatal psychological distress included postnatal depressive (PDS), anxiety (PAS), and obsessive-compulsive symptoms (POCS). Using baseline data of 4984 mothers and 962 fathers from the German SKKIPPI cohort study, we conducted an explorative multilevel logistic regression. Mothers were more likely than fathers to report PAS (OR 1.55, 95% CI: 1.00–2.41, p = 0.051) and POCS (1.38, 1.03–1.83, p = 0.029) but not PDS (1.15, 0.76–1.74, p = 0.509). Risk factors associated with psychological symptoms in mothers and fathers were life stressors, history of mental illness, and unsuitable pregnancy timing. Most risk factors were similar in mothers and fathers. However, relationship problems, having a child with a serious illness or disability, and the receipt of state payments seemed to have greater impact on fathers for some outcomes. These associations require further attention by researchers and should be considered by practitioners in the management of postnatal mental health. The SKKIPPI study has been registered in the German Clinical Trial Registry on February 8th, 2019 (DRKS-ID: DRKS00016653).
Multispectral-derived genotypic similarities from budget cameras allow grain yield prediction and genomic selection augmentation in single and multi-environment scenarios in spring wheat
Authors: Mróz Tomasz , Shafiee Sahameh , Crossa Jose , Montesinos-Lopez Osval A. , Lillemo Morten 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWith abundant available genomic data, genomic selection has become routine in many plant breeding programs. Multispectral data captured by UAVs showed potential for grain yield (GY) prediction in many plant species using machine learning; however, the possibilities of utilizing this data to augment genomic prediction models still need to be explored. We collected high-throughput phenotyping (HTP) multispectral data in a genotyped multi-environment large-scale field trial using two cost-effective cameras to fill this gap. We tested back to back the prediction ability of GY prediction models, including genomic (G matrix), multispectral-derived (M matrix), and environmental (E matrix) relationships using best linear unbiased predictor (BLUP) methodology in single and multi-environment scenarios. We discovered that M allows for GY prediction comparable to the G matrix and that models using both G and M matrices show superior accuracies and errors compared with G or M alone, both in single and multi-environment scenarios. We showed that the M matrix is not entirely environment-specific, and the genotypic relationships become more robust with more data capture sessions over the season. We discovered that the optimal time for data capture occurs during grain filling and that camera bands with the highest heritability are important for GY prediction using the M matrix. We showcased that GY prediction can be performed using only an RGB camera, and even a single data capture session can yield valuable data for GY prediction. This study contributes to a better understanding of multispectral data and its relationships. It provides a flexible framework for improving GS protocols without significant investments or software customization.
Analyzing and assessing explainable AI models for smart agriculture environments
Authors: Cartolano Andrea , Cuzzocrea Alfredo , Pilato Giovanni 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe analyze a case study in the field of smart agriculture exploiting Explainable AI (XAI) approach, a field of study that aims to provide interpretations and explanations to the behaviour of AI systems. The study regards a multiclass classification problem on the Crop Recommendation dataset. The original task is the prediction of the most adequate crop, according to seven features. In addition to the predictions, two of the most well-known XAI approaches have been used in order to obtain explanations and interpretations of the behaviour of the models: SHAP (SHapley Additive ExPlanations), and LIME (Local Interpretable Model-Agnostic Explanations). Both packages provide easy-to-understand visualizations that allow common users to understand explanations of single predictions even without going into the mathematical details of the algorithms. Within the scientific community criticisms have been raised against these approaches, and recently some papers brought to light some weaknesses. However, the two algorithms are among the most popular in XAI and are still considered points of reference for this field of study.
Detecting COVID-19 in chest CT images based on several pre-trained models
Authors: Hassan Esraa , Shams Mahmoud Y. , Hikal Noha A. , Elmougy Samir 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis paper explores the use of chest CT scans for early detection of COVID-19 and improved patient outcomes. The proposed method employs advanced techniques, including binary cross-entropy, transfer learning, and deep convolutional neural networks, to achieve accurate results. The COVIDx dataset, which contains 104,009 chest CT images from 1,489 patients, is used for a comprehensive analysis of the virus. A sample of 13,413 images from this dataset is categorised into two groups: 7,395 CT scans of individuals with confirmed COVID-19 and 6,018 images of normal cases. The study presents pre-trained transfer learning models such as ResNet (50), VGG (19), VGG (16), and Inception V3 to enhance the DCNN for classifying the input CT images. The binary cross-entropy metric is used to compare COVID-19 cases with normal cases based on predicted probabilities for each class. Stochastic Gradient Descent and Adam optimizers are employed to address overfitting issues. The study shows that the proposed pre-trained transfer learning models achieve accuracies of 99.07%, 98.70%, 98.55%, and 96.23%, respectively, in the validation set using the Adam optimizer. Therefore, the proposed work demonstrates the effectiveness of pre-trained transfer learning models in enhancing the accuracy of DCNNs for image classification. Furthermore, this paper provides valuable insights for the development of more accurate and efficient diagnostic tools for COVID-19.
Analytic patristics
Authors: Rojek Paweł 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Georges Florovsky, in 1936, called for a revival of the teaching of the Church Fathers. At the same time, Fr. Joseph Bocheński formulated the program for the renewal of Thomism by means of formal logic. In this paper, I propose to integrate these two projects. Analytic Patristics aims at expressing and developing patristic thought with the tools of analytic philosophy. The broad program of the logic of religion formulated by Bocheński included semiotics, methodology, and the formal logic of religion. I present here three examples of the integration of analytic philosophy and patristics in these three areas. I discuss first Basil Lourié’s paraconsistent interpretation of Dionysius the Areopagite’s theory of the divine names, then Richard Swinburne’s efforts to revive Orthodox natural theology, and finally Beau Branson’s reconstruction of Gregory of Nyssa’s metaphysics of the Trinity. These examples perfectly illustrate how analytic philosophy can contribute to the development of patristics, and how the tradition of the Church Fathers can inspire contemporary analytic philosophy of religion.
Insights into the evolution of the eucalypt CER1 and CER3 genes involved in the synthesis of alkane waxes
Authors: Hernández Mariano A. , Vaillancourt René E. , Potts Brad M. , Butler Jakob B. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe genes ECERIFERUM1 (CER1) and ECERIFERUM3 (CER3) encode the biosynthesis of alkane waxes, a key component of the plant cuticle. To study the evolution of CER1 and CER3 in a highly diverse group of eucalypts, we performed a genome-wide survey using recently released genome assemblies of 28 Myrtaceae species, with 22 species from the main eucalypt lineage and 6 non-eucalypt Myrtaceae tree species. We manually annotated 250 genes and pseudogenes, identifying a near-ubiquitous single copy of CER3 and 2 to 10 CER1 gene copies per Myrtaceae species. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that copy number variation in eucalypts is due to multiple tandem duplication events, both ancient (shared by all Myrtaceae species studied) and relatively recent (present only in eucalypts). Inter-chromosomal translocations were discovered for both CER1 and CER3, along with recurrent loss of often the same CER1 introns in the WAX2 domain, the domain that is essential for wax production. Despite the varied environments occupied by the eucalypt species in this study, we did not find statistically significant associations between intra-genic structural changes or CER1 copy number and aspects of the environment they occupy (including aridity). The challenge is now to explain the species-specific evolutionary histories that contributed to the observed variation in CER1 and the extent to which it may contribute to the adaptability of eucalypts.