bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrated Catalyst‐Substrate Electrodes for Electrochemical Water Splitting: A Review on Dimensional Engineering Strategy
Authors: Meng Weixue , Pang Rui , Li Meng , Han Lei , Kong Xiaobing , Zhang Ding , Zhang Shipeng , Zhang Yingjiu , Shang Yuanyuan , Cao Anyuan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWater splitting (or, water electrolysis) is considered as a promising approach to produce green hydrogen and relieve the ever‐increasing energy consumption as well as the accompanied environmental impact. Development of high‐efficiency, low‐cost practical water‐splitting systems demands elegant design and fabrication of catalyst‐loaded electrodes with both high activity and long‐life time. To this end, dimensional engineering strategies, which effectively tune the microstructure and activity of electrodes as well as the electrochemical kinetics, play an important role and have been extensively reported over the past years. Here, a type of most investigated electrode configurations is reviewed, combining particulate catalysts with 3D porous substrates (aerogels, metal foams, hydrogels, etc.), which offer special advantages in the field of water splitting. It is analyzed the design principles, structural and interfacial characteristics, and performance of particle‐3D substrate electrode systems including overpotential, cycle life, and the underlying mechanism toward improved catalytic properties. In particular, it is also categorized the catalysts as different dimensional particles, and show the importance of building hybrid composite electrodes by dimensional control and engineering. Finally, present challenges and possible research directions toward low‐cost high‐efficiency water splitting and hydrogen production is discussed.
Understanding vehicle demand dynamics in Indian road transport: A qualitative framework
Authors: Santran Ram , Singh Rhythm 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe demand for vehicles in India is on a continuous rise, primarily attributed to increasing income levels. The Indian government has initiated steps to decarbonize the transport sector, offering incentives for alternate vehicles' adoption. This study introduces a qualitative framework, employing a causal structure to comprehend the dynamics of vehicle demand. The framework takes into account critical feedback loops that influence the demand for alternate vehicles and, consequently, the overall vehicle demand. The causal loop diagram for vehicle demand encompasses five key domains: socio‐economic development, infrastructure development, environmental awareness, fuel supply market and alternate vehicle technology. Notably, economic activity, urban sprawl, vehicle demand, alternate vehicle technology improvement, and the sustainability and fuel constraints linked with internal combustion engine vehicles emerge as the critical aspects governing the dynamics of the model. The leverage and intervention points influencing the vehicle demand are also identified. Further, based on the evolving interaction of the various reinforcing and balancing loops, this work identifies three distinct phases of the evolution of vehicle demand dynamics in India, namely, the emerging phase (2020–2040), the growth phase (2040–2060) and the stagnation phase (2060–2080). The paper discusses the crucial features of these phases.
Less is more: vegetation changes coincide with white‐tailed deer suppression over thirty years
Authors: Pickering Joshua K. , Bradstreet Michael S. W. , Norris D. Ryan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAlthough ecological impacts of overabundant white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) are well documented in eastern North America, few studies have evaluated the long‐term effects of adaptive deer population suppression after a period of overabundance. We examined vegetation community changes over a period of 30 years (1992–2021) on the Long Point Peninsula, Ontario, Canada following a >85% reduction of a previously overabundant white‐tailed deer population. We documented a significant increase in species diversity and shifts in the species composition of understory plants and woody vegetation. We then evaluated several hypotheses to explain these patterns. Our results provide support for the all‐you‐can‐browse hypothesis, in which the abundance of woody stems above the browse layer did not increase within the first 3 years of sampling but, consistent within an expected period of recruitment, increased by >1,500% from 1995–2021. We also found support for both the lawn maintenance hypothesis, with a significant decline in the proportional abundance of non‐preferred species relative to preferred species, and for the seed bank hypothesis, with native species accounting for nearly 80% of new species observed over the sampling period. We conclude that the effective, long‐term management and continued suppression of an previously overabundant white‐tailed deer population can lead to increased vegetation community heterogeneity and diversity, which is likely one of the most important steps for the regeneration of woody stems and native vegetation communities.
A comprehensive checklist of computational resources and methodologies for noncoding RNAs in systems medicine
Authors: Li Ruijiang , Zhao Caiyun , Wang Ruiqi , Wang Jing , Jin Yiguang , He Song , Bo Xiaochen 
Published: January 2024

AbstractNoncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), previously referred to as “dark matter” and now recognized as “bright star,” fulfill a variety of biological functions and are also emerging as potential biomarkers and therapies in oncology‐focused clinical trials. Systems medicine has become a holist paradigm to study the human body, which organically integrates data from basic research and clinical practice to improve our understanding and treatment of complex diseases. It is an interdisciplinary approach that brings systems biology and bioinformatics closer to clinical medicine. The development of high‐throughput techniques and the increasing adoption of computational methods across healthcare domains have accelerated and aided the tangible clinical applications of ncRNAs. Various resources and methodologies for ncRNAs enable a comprehensive analysis of heterogeneous and interlinked data, thereby providing new insights into systems medicine. In this review, we summarize the resources and models for ncRNA medical research, aiming to provide a technical manual for personalized and precision medicine at the system level.This article is categorized under:
RNA Methods > RNA Analyses In Vitro and In Silico
The effects of preformed vitamin A and provitamin A carotenoid supplementation on tadpoles of the poison frog Phyllobates vittatus
Authors: Arkin Rachel , Márquez Roberto 
Published: January 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the nutritional requirements of captive animals is necessary for proper animal husbandry, however, the specific dietary requirements for many amphibian species commonly kept in captivity are unknown. Like most vertebrates, frogs cannot synthesize carotenoids and must therefore obtain these essential nutrients through diet. It is unclear if amphibians can cleave provitamin A carotenoids to form vitamin A metabolically within the body, so common practice is to supplement their captive diets with both preformed vitamin A and provitamin A carotenoids. We carried out a feeding experiment in tadpoles of Phyllobates vittatus, a commonly kept poison frog species, to test the effects of supplementing a fish flake diet with a provitamin A carotenoid (2.5 mg/g β‐carotene) and vitamin A (0.033–0.066 µg/mL retinyl acetate), both individually and in combination. Contrary to our expectations, supplementation had either no effect or adverse effects on tadpole growth and survivorship. Tadpoles reared under supplemented diets with vitamin A showed higher mortality rates, coupled with symptoms of hypervitaminosis A. Survivors had a smaller body size and mass at metamorphosis. β‐carotene supplementation alone had no detectable effect. The vitamin A and β‐carotene levels in our supplemented diet have been shown to be harmless or benefit tadpoles of other species, yet our results indicate that adding these amounts to what is found in a generalist fish flake mix can have detrimental effects on P. vittatus tadpoles. More broadly, this study highlights the importance of creating husbandry guidelines based on the specific physiological needs of the species (or species groups) being kept in captivity, rather than general ones for all amphibians, as is often done.
AI-artifacts in engineering change management – a systematic literature review
Authors: Burggräf Peter , Wagner Johannes , Saßmannshausen Till , Weißer Tim , Radisic-Aberger Ognjen 
Published: January 2024

AbstractChanges and modifications to existing products, known as engineering changes (EC), are common in complex product development. They require appropriate implementation planning and supervision to mitigate the economic downsides due to complexity. These tasks, however, take a high administrative toll on the organization. In response, automation by computer tools has been suggested. Due to the underlying process complexity, the application of artificial intelligence (AI) is advised. To support research and development of new AI-artifacts for EC management (ECM), a knowledge base is required. Thus, this paper aims to gather insights from existing approaches and discover literature gaps by conducting a systematic literature review. 39 publications applying AI methods and algorithms in ECM were identified and subsequently discussed. The analysis shows that the methods vary and are mostly utilized for predicting change propagation and knowledge retrieval. The review’s results suggest that AI in EC requires developing distributed AI systems to manage the ensuing complexity. Additionally, five concrete suggestions are presented as future research needs: Research on metaheuristics for optimizing EC schedules, testing of stacked machine learning methods for process outcome prediction, establishment of process supervision, development of the mentioned distributed AI systems for automation, and validation with industry partners.
Periods, power series, and integrated algebraic numbers
Authors: Kaiser Tobias 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPeriods are defined as integrals of semialgebraic functions defined over the rationals. Periods form a countable ring not much is known about. Examples are given by taking the antiderivative of a power series which is algebraic over the polynomial ring over the rationals and evaluate it at a rational number. We follow this path and close these algebraic power series under taking iterated antiderivatives and nearby algebraic and geometric operations. We obtain a system of rings of power series whose coefficients form a countable real closed field. Using techniques from o-minimality we are able to show that every period belongs to this field. In the setting of o-minimality we define exponential integrated algebraic numbers and show that exponential periods and the Euler constant is an exponential integrated algebraic number. Hence they are a good candiate for a natural number system extending the period ring and containing important mathematical constants.
Recombinant therapeutic proteins degradation and overcoming strategies in CHO cells
Authors: Geng Shao-Lei , Zhao Xiao-Jie , Zhang Xi , Zhang Ji-Hong , Mi Chun-Liu , Wang Tian-Yun 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Mammalian cell lines are frequently used as the preferred host cells for producing recombinant therapeutic proteins (RTPs) having post-translational modified modification similar to those observed in proteins produced by human cells. Nowadays, most RTPs approved for marketing are produced in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Recombinant therapeutic antibodies are among the most important and promising RTPs for biomedical applications. One of the issues that occurs during development of RTPs is their degradation, which caused by a variety of factors and reducing quality of RTPs. RTP degradation is especially concerning as they could result in reduced biological functions (antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and complement-dependent cytotoxicity) and generate potentially immunogenic species. Therefore, the mechanisms underlying RTP degradation and strategies for avoiding degradation have regained an interest from academia and industry. In this review, we outline recent progress in this field, with a focus on factors that cause degradation during RTP production and the development of strategies for overcoming RTP degradation.

Key points
• The recombinant therapeutic protein degradation in CHO cell systems is reviewed.
• Enzymatic factors and non-enzymatic methods influence recombinant therapeutic protein degradation.
• Reducing the degradation can improve the quality of recombinant therapeutic proteins.
Applications of Nijenhuis Geometry V: Geodesic Equivalence and Finite-Dimensional Reductions of Integrable Quasilinear Systems
Authors: Bolsinov Alexey V. , Konyaev Andrey Yu. , Matveev Vladimir S. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe describe all metrics geodesically compatible with a$$\textrm{gl}$$gl-regular Nijenhuis operatorL. The set of such metrics is large enough so that a generic local curve$$\gamma $$γis a geodesic for a suitable metricgfrom this set. Next, we show that a certain evolutionary PDE system of hydrodynamic type constructed fromLpreserves the property of$$\gamma $$γto be ag-geodesic. This implies that every metricggeodesically compatible withLgives us a finite-dimensional reduction of this PDE system. We show that its restriction onto the set ofg-geodesics is naturally equivalent to the Poisson action of$$\mathbb {R}^n$$Rnon the cotangent bundle generated by the integrals coming from geodesic compatibility.
Deep learning based computer vision under the prism of 3D point clouds: a systematic review
Authors: Tychola Kyriaki A. , Vrochidou Eleni , Papakostas George A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPoint clouds consist of 3D data points and are among the most considerable data formats for 3D representations. Their popularity is due to their broad application areas, such as robotics and autonomous driving, and their employment in basic 3D vision tasks such as segmentation, classification, and detection. However, processing point clouds is challenging compared to other visual forms such as images, mainly due to their unstructured nature. Deep learning (DL) has been established as a powerful tool for data processing, reporting remarkable performance enhancements compared to traditional methods for all basic 2D vision tasks. However new challenges are emerging when it comes to processing unstructured 3D point clouds. This work aims to guide future research by providing a systematic review of DL on 3D point clouds, holistically covering all 3D vision tasks. 3D technologies of point cloud formation are reviewed and compared to each other. The application of DL methods for point cloud processing is discussed, and state-of-the-art models’ performances are compared focusing on challenges and solutions. Moreover, in this work the most popular 3D point cloud benchmark datasets are summarized based on their task-oriented applications, aiming to highlight existing constraints and to comparatively evaluate them. Future research directions and upcoming trends are also highlighted.
CT-based peritumoral radiomics nomogram on prediction of response and survival to induction chemotherapy in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Zeng Fanyuan , Ye Zhuomiao , Zhou Qin 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The study aims to harness the value of radiomics models combining intratumoral and peritumoral features obtained from pretreatment CT to predict treatment response as well as the survival of LA-NPC(locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma) patients receiving multiple types of induction chemotherapies, including immunotherapy and targeted therapy.

Methods
276 LA-NPC patients (221 in the training and 55 in the testing cohort) were retrospectively enrolled. Various statistical analyses and feature selection techniques were applied to identify the most relevant radiomics features. Multiple machine learning models were trained and compared to build signatures for the intratumoral and each peritumoral region, along with a clinical signature. The performance of each model was evaluated using different metrics. Subsequently, a nomogram model was constructed by combining the best-performing radiomics and clinical models.

Results
In the testing cohort, the nomogram model exhibited an AUC of 0.816, outperforming the other models. The nomogram model’s calibration curve showed good agreement between predicted and observed outcomes in both the training and testing sets. When predicting survival, the model’s concordance index (C-index) was 0.888 in the training cohort and 0.899 in the testing cohort, indicating its robust predictive ability.

Conclusion
In conclusion, the combined nomogram model, incorporating radiomics and clinical features, outperformed other models in predicting treatment response and survival outcomes for LA-NPC patients receiving induction chemotherapies. These findings highlight the potential clinical utility of the model, suggesting its value in individualized treatment planning and decision-making.
Spatial variability in herbaceous plant phenology is mostly explained by variability in temperature but also by photoperiod and functional traits
Authors: Rauschkolb Robert , Bucher Solveig Franziska , Hensen Isabell , Ahrends Antje , Fernández-Pascual Eduardo , Heubach Katja , Jakubka Desiree , Jiménez-Alfaro Borja , König Andreas , Koubek Tomáš , Kehl Alexandra , Khuroo Anzar A. , Lindstädter Anja , Shafee Faizan , Mašková Tereza , Platonova Elena , Panico Patrizia , Plos Carolin , Primack Richard , Rosche Christoph , Shah Manzoor A. , Sporbert Maria , Stevens Albert-Dieter , Tarquini Flavio , Tielbörger Katja , Träger Sabrina , Vange Vibekke , Weigelt Patrick , Bonn Aletta , Freiberg Martin , Knickmann Barbara , Nordt Birgit , Wirth Christian , Römermann Christine 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWhereas temporal variability of plant phenology in response to climate change has already been well studied, the spatial variability of phenology is not well understood. Given that phenological shifts may affect biotic interactions, there is a need to investigate how the variability in environmental factors relates to the spatial variability in herbaceous species’ phenology by at the same time considering their functional traits to predict their general and species-specific responses to future climate change. In this project, we analysed phenology records of 148 herbaceous species, which were observed for a single year by the PhenObs network in 15 botanical gardens. For each species, we characterised the spatial variability in six different phenological stages across gardens. We used boosted regression trees to link these variabilities in phenology to the variability in environmental parameters (temperature, latitude and local habitat conditions) as well as species traits (seed mass, vegetative height, specific leaf area and temporal niche) hypothesised to be related to phenology variability. We found that spatial variability in the phenology of herbaceous species was mainly driven by the variability in temperature but also photoperiod was an important driving factor for some phenological stages. In addition, we found that early-flowering and less competitive species characterised by small specific leaf area and vegetative height were more variable in their phenology. Our findings contribute to the field of phenology by showing that besides temperature, photoperiod and functional traits are important to be included when spatial variability of herbaceous species is investigated.
25th anniversary of the Department of Cardiac Surgery at the University Medical Center Maribor: advancing hearts, changing lives
Authors: Antonic Miha , Djordjevic Anze 
Published: January 2024

SummaryIn 1996, Slovenia witnessed a profound transformation in its cardiac care landscape with the establishment of the Department of Cardiac Surgery at the University Medical Centre Maribor. This momentous milestone heralded the birth of the nation’s second heart surgery center revolutionizing cardiovascular care accessibility. Today, the Department of Cardiac Surgery stands as a regional hub, delivering specialized cardiac surgical services to Slovenia’s northeastern region and beyond. Its unwavering commitment to excellence, patient-centered care, and adherence to international guidelines reflects its dedication to providing top-tier cardiac care. As the department commemorates its 25th anniversary, this article offers a reflective overview of its establishment, development, growth and future trajectory for further development in an ever-changing era of cardiovascular medicine. The article also highlights the department’s active involvement in international collaborations, scientific research, medical education, and innovations in minimally invasive cardiac surgery.
Solutions to the Magnetic Ginzburg–Landau Equations Concentrating on Codimension-2 Minimal Submanifolds
Authors: Badran Marco , del Pino Manuel 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe consider the magnetic Ginzburg–Landau equations in a compact manifold N$$\begin{aligned} \left\{ \begin{array}{l} -\varepsilon ^2{\varDelta }^Au = \frac{1}{2}(1-|u|^{2})u,\\ \varepsilon ^2d^*dA=\langle \nabla ^Au,iu\rangle . \end{array}\right. \end{aligned}$$

-

ε
2

Δ

A

u
=

1
2

(
1
-
|
u
|

2

)
u
,

ε
2

d
∗

d
A
=

⟨

∇
A

u
,
i
u
⟩

.

Here $$u:N\rightarrow \mathbb {C}$$

u
:
N
→
C

and A is a 1-form on N. We discuss some recent results on the construction of solutions exhibiting concentration phenomena near prescribed minimal, codimension 2 submanifolds corresponding to the vortex set of the solution. Given a codimension-2 minimal submanifold $$M\subset N$$

M
⊂
N

which is also oriented and non-degenerate, we construct a solution $$(u_{\varepsilon },A_{\varepsilon })$$

(

u
ε

,

A
ε

)

such that $$u_\varepsilon $$

u
ε

has a zero set consisting of a smooth surface close to M. Away from M we have $$\begin{aligned} u_\varepsilon (x)\rightarrow \frac{z}{|z|},\quad A_\varepsilon (x)\rightarrow \frac{1}{|z|^2}(-z_2dz^1+z_1dz^2),\quad x=\exp _y(z^\beta \nu _\beta (y)) \end{aligned}$$

u
ε

(
x
)

→

z

|
z
|

,

A
ε

(
x
)

→

1

|
z
|

2

(
-

z
2

d

z
1

+

z
1

d

z
2

)

,

x
=

exp
y

(

z
β

ν
β

(
y
)

)

as $$\varepsilon \rightarrow 0$$

ε
→
0

, for all sufficiently small $$z\ne 0$$

z
≠
0

and $$y\in M$$

y
∈
M

. Here, $$\{\nu _1,\nu _2\}$$

{

ν
1

,

ν
2

}

is a normal frame for M in N. These results improve, by giving precise quantitative information, a recent construction by De Philippis and Pigati (arXiv:2205.12389, 2022) who built solutions for which the concentration phenomenon holds in an energy, measure-theoretical sense. In addition, we consider the non-compact case $$N=\mathbb {R}^4$$

N
=

R

4

and the special case of a two-dimensional minimal surface in $$\mathbb {R}^3$$

R

3

, regarded as a codimension 2 minimal submanifold in $$\mathbb {R}^4$$

R

4

, with finite total curvature and non-degenerate. We construct a solution $$(u_\varepsilon ,A_\varepsilon )$$

(

u
ε

,

A
ε

)

which has a zero set consisting of a smooth 2-dimensional surface close to $$M\times \{0\}\subset \mathbb {R}^4$$

M
×

{
0
}

⊂

R

4

. Away from the latter surface we have $$|u_\varepsilon | \rightarrow 1$$

|

u
ε

|
→
1

and asymptotic behavior as in (1).