bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of sunlight driven SPR assisted photocatalytic activity of Ag doped SnO2 nanoparticles
Authors: Mahanta Rituraj , Chetri Pawan , Bora Dulen 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Photocatalysis triggered by visible light has emerged as a viable method for addressing environmental pollution and the energy crisis in our society. Numerous metal oxide semiconductors are transformed into visible light active photocatalysts by adopting some straightforward methods. One such efficient way of creating a visible light active photocatalyst is doping a pure semiconductor with plasmonic metal nanoparticles. Our work thoroughly investigates the photocatalytic properties of pure SnO2 nanoparticles (NP) and SnO2 doped with 1%, 3%, and 5% ‘Ag’ under sunlight. These samples are prepared using a straightforward sol–gel approach, followed by a hydrothermal procedure. To examine the different properties and morphology of the synthesized samples, several analytical tools, including UV–visible spectrometer, XRD, XPS, TEM, PL spectrometer and FTIR are used. Analysis of UV-visible absorbance spectra shows a noticeable narrowing of the band gap with increased ‘Ag’ doping. XRD analysis confirms the tetragonal structure of all samples. Methyl orange (MO) dye is used as an imitation of an organic pollutant to examine the photocatalytic activity under sunlight. When compared to pure SnO2 NP, every ‘Ag’ doped SnO2 NP sample exhibits a considerable improvement in the photodegradation of methyl orange. Analysis of PL spectra of SnO2 NPs doped with ‘Ag’ suggests that the major causes of this enhancement in photocatalysis are surface defects and the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect caused by ‘Ag’ doping. The scavenging test claims that the holes are the primary and the superoxide radicals are the secondary reactive species which are responsible for MO degradation under sunlight.
Design of 8 -bit low power SAR ADC in 45 nm for biomedical implants
Authors: Tyagi Mohit , Mittal Poornima , Kumar Parvin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The utilisation of low power SAR (Successive Approximation Register) Analog-to-Digital Converters holds significant importance in the domain of bio-medical signal acquisition. The present study showcases the utilisation of an 8-bit CMOS SAR-ADC for integration into the analog front end of bio-signal acquisition. The focus of this technology pertains to the monitoring of implanted bio-signal devices, with a specific emphasis on ECG/EEG signals. A capacitive digital-to-analog converter (DAC) is suggested as a means to attain power consumption in the microwatt range. This approach enables comparisons to be made without any energy consumption, leading to a substantial enhancement in energy efficiency. Furthermore, a comprehensive theoretical examination of comparator offset voltages has been conducted to enhance the offset performance of the comparator operating at low supply voltage. The analysis indicates that optimization of the comparator is achieved solely through the adjustment of transistor sizes, without the implementation of any specific offset cancellation techniques. Simulations indicate that the optimization of the offset voltage to approximately 5 mV occurs when there is variation in the common-mode input voltage at a 1 V supply. The proposed Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) layout has been successfully executed utilizing the 45 nm Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS) technology. The Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) attains a Spurious-Free Dynamic Range (SFDR) of 64.02 dB and consumes 1.9 μW of power at a sampling rate of 1.1 MHz and a supply voltage of 1 V.
Anisotropy and magnetoelasticity effects on the propagation of the SH-wave-induced semi-infinite crack in a magnetoelastic orthotropic medium
Authors: Singh Ajeet Kumar 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The crux of the present study is to investigate semi-infinite crack propagation in magnetoelastic strip influenced by propagating SH-wave under orthotropic geometrical configurations. The Wiener-Hopf (WH) technique and two-sided Fourier integral transforms (FIT) are applied in the proposed analytical model. A closed-form expression of the stress intensity factor (SIF) has been established for the constant concentrated force. The SIF in a magnetoelastic orthotropic strip is shown to be significantly affected by the crack length and crack speed, medium anisotropy, and magnetoelastic parameter. The proposed model is compared to the case of a magnetoelastic isotropic strip in order to demonstrate the effect of orthotropy as well as other anomalies. Among other observations, it is noted that regardless of whether orthotropy exists in the strip or not, the value of the SIF rises along with the crack speed until it reaches its maximum, at which point it rapidly declines.
Externally pumped yellow laser source emitting at 577 nm
Authors: Chayran Great , Jambunathan Venkatesan , Smrz Martin , Mocek Tomas 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We demonstrated a 577 nm yellow laser source with a proper combination of Raman medium and frequency doubling medium, pumped externally. Cryogenic Yb:YAG oscillator acts as an external pump source, and it generates 1.2 mJ energy at 1 KHz emitting around 1029 nm. Using a Raman resonator with Ba(NO3)2 as Raman medium, stimulated Raman scattering around 1153.4 was generated. Finally, 577 nm yellow laser was generated using the frequency-doubling medium LBO. A maximum average output power of 65 mW with a pulse duration of 18 ns at 1 KHz was achieved.
Influence of Eu3+ ions on 1.5 µm luminescence of Er3+ in TeO2–ZnO–Bi2O3 glasses
Authors: Savikin A P , Sumachev K E , Krasnov M V , Zamyatin O A , Sibirkin A A 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
TeO2–ZnO–Bi2O3 glasses doped with Eu3+ and Er3+ ions were prepared and investigated for their physical, optical, and luminescent properties. The optical band gap is calculated for the indirect transition and is within the 3.04–3.10 eV range. The Urbach energy varies from 0.135 to 0.098 eV with the increase in Eu3+ compound content. Bi2Te2O8 and ZnTeO3 complex oxide phases are generated in the mixture as intermediate compounds in the course of charge thermal processing. The additional doping of TeO2–ZnO–Bi2O3:Er3+ glass samples with Eu3+ ions is shown to lead to the appearance of cross-relaxation channels of the Er3+ ion states and decreases the population of the 4I13/2 state of the Er3+ ions. Simultaneously, the excited 4I11/2 state of the Er3+ ions is also subjected to strong cross-relaxation decay. The Eu3+ ions are shown to decrease the 4I13/2 level population of Er3+ ions, which may facilitate the attainment of population inversion if the 4I13/2 level is at the lower level of the laser transition.
Generalization Ability of Deep Reinforcement Learning-based Navigation Based on Curriculum Learning
Authors: He Yuchen , Baldi Simone 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In this paper, curriculum learning is studied as an approach to improve generalization ability in navigation tasks, that is, improve the agent’s ability of navigating in scenarios different from those used for training. The agent is trained based on the TD3 algorithm, and curriculum learning selects different stages (i.e. different curricula) of Empty/Sparse/Normal worlds for training. Via extensive numerical comparisons with agents trained under such curricula, it is shown that properly used curriculum learning improves the agent’s ability of generalization. Furthermore, an automatic curriculum learning (Auto-CL) approach is proposed. Auto-CL is shown to have even better generalization than the standard curriculum learning, since it makes the agent able to navigate in new environments with more than 6% shorter paths in more than 21% shorter time.
Synthesis and characterization of Ba0.6Ca0.4Fe12O19/Fe3O4/SiO2 nanocomposite
Authors: Jalil Z , Handoko E , Susila A B , Muhardina V , Gursida A H , Iriani Y , Umaisaroh U , Alaydrus M 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This research synthesized two types of materials, namely M-type barium hexaferrite Ba0.6Ca0.4Fe12O19 and Ba0.6Ca0.4Fe12O19/Fe3O4/SiO2 nano composite by using ceramic and mechanical milling method. To characterize obtained powder properties, we employed permagraph and vector network analyser (VNA) measurement. Furthermore, complex permeability (μ) and permittivity (ε) were calculated based on VNA measurement signal in The samples have shown a lowest reflection loss of –40.43 dB at 8.46 GHz and –21.14 dB dB at 12.4 GHz for barium hexaferrite Ba0.6Ca0.4Fe12O19 (0%) and Ba0.6Ca0.4Fe12O19/Fe3O4/SiO2 (20%) nano composite, respectively.
Design of garage monitoring system using RFID and vehicle sensor based on microcontroller
Authors: Syam R , Bintoro J , Fikri S N 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The aim of this study is to develop a garage monitoring system using RFID and ATMEGA328P Microcontroller-Based vehicle sensors and ESP32-CAM. It is to design a garage monitoring system, create a garage monitoring system, and also to test a garage monitoring system. This research was carried out using the R&D research method by Borg and Gall, which included four stages, namely the research and information gathering stage, planning, initial product development, and preliminary field testing. The process of designing a garage monitoring system is carried out, starting from making tool designs using 3d modeling software and also making interfaces from Android applications. Making a garage monitoring system starts with making the PCB that will be used, then making the vehicle sensor device and ESP32-CAM box using the 3d printing method, and continuing with making the RFID and Arduino Uno boxes. The tests carried out showed that the RFID sensor is able to detect the appropriate card, the PIR sensor is able to detect human movement, the Vehicle sensor can detect the presence of a vehicle when the sensor is stepped on by a vehicle, the GPS sensor has an accuracy with a maximum error of 6 meters, the OV2640 camera, and ESP32-CAM is able to send images and notifications to android applications so that all components can function properly.
A deep learning approach for detecting underwater plastic waste
Authors: Delina M , Akbar P F , Hussaan A M , Harlastputra A F , Anugrah D S S P , Renaldi P , Noviarini D 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The water pollution, flooding, and recycling issues in Indonesia are exacerbated by the critical level of underwater plastic waste. Furthermore, the lack of visibility makes it difficult to collect plastic waste in the water. In this research, a plastic detection instrument was developed to detect water pollution using a deep learning method with the You Only Look Once version 3 (YOLOv3) algorithm. The study was conducted in four steps: 1) create a custom dataset of plastic waste images, 2) annotated the plastic waste dataset, 3) configurated and train the model, 4) validated the result. The proposed model has achieved an overall mean average precision (mAP) of 83.12% This result indicated that the model is effective in detecting plastic waste in underwater environment.
DC-DC buck converter circuit for hybrid solar panel system using PV-TEG combination
Authors: Indrasari W , Achmad F F , Rhamadhan F R 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Solar energy utilization as electrical energy can be achieved by using solar panels and thermoelectric generators (PV-TEG) combination. Solar panels convert solar energy into electrical energy based on the principle of the photovoltaic effect. Meanwhile, the heat potential on the solar panels surface can be used to produce electrical energy using a thermoelectric generator based on the Seebeck effect. The electrical power generated by the PV-TEG is then fed into a DC-DC buck converter to lowering the electrical voltage according to the battery voltage capacity. This research aims to control the power transmitted from the PV-TEG to the battery to obtain optimal performance. Therefore, a circuit simulation of the DC-DC buck converter is conducted using LT-Spice to determine the converter’s efficiency. The DC-DC buck converter circuit is designed using a lowpass filter with its cut-off frequency of 1000 Hz (R=50Ω, L=33.8mH, and C=750nF). PV-TEG characterization is conducted to determine the input power range of the converter. The input power range obtained from the PV-TEG characterization is 18.98-20.55 V. The efficiency obtained through the LT-Spice simulation of the converter circuit is 72.94 %, with a maximum output voltage of 12.14 V.
Detection of L-lysine in food supplement based on amperometric biosensors
Authors: Umar L , Ibmar S R , Rosandi V A , Setiadi R N. , Linda T M , Arfianti A 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
L-lysine is an essential amino acid not synthesized by the body and is used as a nutritional supplement, and is considered an index of the nutritional quality of foodstuffs. The level of L-lysine consumption depends on age, where an imbalance in L-lysine levels can cause certain disease conditions. This study identified the effects of L-lysine contained in food supplements using the yeast-based amperometric biosensor Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which measures dissolved oxygen (DO) levels due to cellular respiration of yeast with an analyte assay sample. The measurements were made by calibrating pure L-lysine at 100, 200 and 300 mM concentrations. The results show that the higher the concentration of L-lysine, the smaller the level of DO remaining detected, where the percentage range of DO is 13.47% - 26.02%. The dietary supplement sample test, namely Curcuma Plus, has an error of 1.01% which states that the biosensor used can detect L-lysine levels in samples with high sensitivity and selectivity and can be applied to the food and health industries. The measurement results are clustered using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to see the resulting clusters and data patterns.
Analysis of Magnetic Nonpotentiality in the Flaring Active Region NOAA 12887
Authors: Nabilah J , Muhamad J , Fahdiran R 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Solar flares are explosive events resulting from the release of stored magnetic energy in active regions. In this study, the Spaceweather Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager Active Region Patch (SHARP) data is utilized to extract nonpotential magnetic parameters of the NOAA 12887 active region, which produced an X1.0 class flare in October 2021. The analysis revealed that the electric current became non-neutral and unstable before the X-class flare due to an increase in the shear angle, exceeding 90 degrees through a collision of positive and negative polarities. We also assessed the magnetic nonpotentiality parameters, including free energy, vertical current, current helicity, and current neutrality. At the beginning, the parameters exhibited elevated values, reflecting the complex nature of the active region. Subsequently, it became even more complex following the collision event. Flare Ribbons and filaments were also observed by the AIA/SDO 1600 Å and 304Å images on this phase. However, the overall complexity decreased over time, with temporary increases after the collision event and subsequent flares. The development of new complex areas outside the collision zone had a lesser impact on the parameter values. The current neutrality value increased after the collision, implying an increasingly unstable region, but sharply decreased after the X-class flare, indicating a return to a more stable state for the active region.
Coda wave attenuation in Northern Aceh, Indonesia from a single station measurement: preliminary results
Authors: Anggono T , Syuhada S , Pranata B , Zulfakriza Z , Prasetio A D , Amran A , Ramdhan M , Hasib M , Muttaqy F , Aulia A N 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Sumatra-Andaman subduction zone is one of the most active tectonic areas in the world. Understanding seismic risk in this region is important for hazard mitigation. One of the crustal physical properties is attenuation. Attenuation structure may affect the seismic propagation through the medium. It expresses the seismic wave amplitude decay when wave propagates through a medium. In this preliminary result, we report the seismic attenuation characteristics in Northern Aceh, Indonesia. We estimate coda waves attenuation from a single station from GE network. using a single back-scattering model. We analyze about 123 waveforms from local earthquakes (less than 3°) with magnitudes between 3 and 6 using a single back-scattering model. The depth of the events is selected to be shallower than 40 km depth. We estimate coda quality factor (Qc
) for each event at frequencies 1 – 8 Hz. The coda window is estimated from two times of S-wave arrival time with different window length ranging from 20 to 80 s. Reference coda quality factor (Q0
) is selected at frequency of 1 Hz. We obtain that Q0
varies from 74.34 ± 10.04 to 160.2 ± 5.96 at 20 s and 80 s window lengths, respectively. The frequency dependence factor (η) decreases from 1.12 ± 0.06 to 1.05 ± 0.03 at 20 s and 80 s window length, respectively. An increase of Q0
with window length may suggest the depth dependent of seismic wave attenuation at reference frequency of 1 Hz. Low Q0
and high η are also consistent with this region’s high tectonic activity.
Vulnerability in the Java northen region in association with earthquake sources of tectonic origin
Authors: Fahmi M N , Realita A , Risanti H , Prastowo T , Madlazim M 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
While threats from the subduction zone off the Java south coast remain persistent, potential sources of a tectonic earthquake centered in the Java northern areas come into play. Despite their enigmatic presence and a clear shift of the sources from the mainland to the north from hypocentre relocation studies, this poses a danger to the community in the Java northern coastlines, increasing vulnerability to earthquake and tsunami hazards. The main aim of this study is thus to evaluate seismic hazards and corresponding analysis, hence assessing vulnerability with respect to the presence of active faults in the northern regions. The methods used here included a-value and b-value calculations inferred from seismogenic zonation made available for the study area and source mechanism determination derived from seismic inversion for two recent events recorded at the Java Sea. The results revealed that the a-value reached 8.55 in Zone 1, reflecting a high seismicity rate over the northern areas of West Java and Banten provinces, and the b-value was about 0.8 in Central Java and East Java, implying a relatively high-stress tectonic regime. The moment tensor solutions yielded sizes M
w 6.7 at a depth of 539 km and M
w 7.0 at a depth of 594 km with a major double-couple component for the normal faulting types of mechanism, consistent with reference. The results suggest the significance of awareness of seismic threats possible to occur in the Java northern regions; hence more investigations into detailed seismicity in the regions of interest for future research direction.
Rainfall Variation on the West Coast of Sumatra during Each Phase of the Madden-Julian Oscillation from GPM Satellite Observation
Authors: Ilham R , Maari M , Vonnisa M , Ramadhan R , Yusnaini H 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The West Coast of Sumatra has a significantly higher annual rainfall than its surrounding areas, making this region crucial in controlling precipitation in Sumatra. The Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) heavily influences the West Coast of Sumatra. MJO is an intraseasonal activity that occurs in tropical regions and can be recognized by the eastward movement of convective activity from the Indian Ocean towards the Pacific Ocean for 30-60 days. Using Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) satellite data from 2014 to 2020, this study investigates the influence of MJO on rainfall on the West Coast of Sumatra. The data used in this study is the attenuation-corrected reflectivity (dBZ) of Ku PR (Z-Ku) and Ka PR (Z-Ka) from GPM DPR Level 2 data. For convective rainfall, the Z-Ku and Z-Ka reflectivity values are higher during the inactive MJO phase than the active MJO phase, consistent with previous research in Sumatra. Thus, during the inactive MJO phase, strong convection occurs, leading to updrafts and increased formation of larger raindrops through coalescence processes. During the active MJO phase, there is a significant decrease in raindrop size, indicating dominant break-up processes.
Arduino uno-based electronic control unit module remapping to achieve optimal engine rotation speed on spark ignition 2-stroke direct injection engine
Authors: Yoga N G , Syaka D R B , Prakoso H A 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Direct injection technology in 2-stroke motorcycle engines can be a hope for overcoming exhaust emissions and optimizing ignition 2-stroke engine performance because direct injection engines use high-pressure pumps based on injection time and duration. On the TPS (throttle position sensor) to produce the optimal fuel mixture. This research will focus on Remapping the Arduino Uno-Based Electronic Control Unit (ECU) Module to Analyze Optimal Engine Rotation Speed in Spark Ignition 2-Stroke Direct Injection Machines. Experimental method using a Spark Ignition 2-Stroke Direct Injection engine with a capacity of 110cc. Variation of injection time angle 5°, 10°, and 15° Before BDC, 0° BDC, and 5°, 10°, and 15° after BDC, variations in injection duration based on TPS opening 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%, as well as the fuel injected duration of 3ms, 3.25ms, 3.5ms, 3.75ms and, 4.25ms. Arduino module as a control system for timing and duration of fuel injection. Then tested alternately to get the optimal engine speed using a tachometer. Optimal results are obtained on the injection time curve 15 before BDC produces optimal engine speed with a value of 5480 rpm with a duration of 3.75 ms based on TPS openings of 61-80%.
Use the hot spring’s Chloro-Alkaline Index (CAI) for the low enthalpy prospect of the Rawadanau geothermal field
Authors: Hartanto P , Lubis R F 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The emergence of hot springs along the volcanic shelf in Indonesia is a feature of geothermal manifestations. The geothermal system is affected by heat sources, reservoir rocks, cap rocks, and meteoric water that fills and escapes as hot springs through fractures. The Rawadanau geothermal field in Serang Banten is low enthalpy prospects. Geothermal maintenance is defined by the chemical composition of the hot springs, one of which can be determined by the ion exchange rate, namely the chloro-alkaline index (CAI) method. There are 16 hot spring samples, with temperatures (31.2 - 54.6 °C), pH (6.2 – 7.3), and EC (1190 – 4460 μS/cm), respectively. The water types encountered are Na-Cl in the southern and Mg-Ca-HCO3, and Na-Mg-Ca-HCO3-Cl in the northern and western, respectively. Generally, samples taken in the rainy show negative CAI and positive CAI in the dry, while Cl-type is positive in two seasons. Based on water type and CAI show that the Na-Cl type tends to be positive in the two seasons. While the Ca-Mg-HCO3 type is positive in the dry and negative in the rainy, and the Mixed-type shows a negative CAI. The results of this study provide information for the maintenance of geothermal fields as they are developed.