bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Субмікроскопічні зміни рогівки при її змодельованій механічній непроникаючій травмі
Authors: ШМИР С. М. , ОГІНСЬКА Н. В. 
Published: November 2023

Мета роботи: встановити субмікроскопічні зміни рогівки за умов нанесення механічної непроникаючої травми рогівки.
Матеріали і методи. Експеримент моделювали на статевозрілих кролях породи шиншила. Тварин поділили на дві дослідні групи: перша – інтактна група тварин, друга – тварини із змодельованою непроникаючою механічною травмою рогівки. Кролям другої групи у верхній половині рогівки обох очей під місцевою анестезією наносили концентричну епітеліальну насічку, в межах якої одноразовим офтальмологічним скальпелем видаляли передній епітелій разом із верхнім шаром строми рогівки. Піддослідних тварин виводили із експерименту на 3, 7, 14 і 28 доби. Забір матеріалу для електронномікроскопічних досліджень проводили відповідно до загальноприйнятої методики. Ультратонкі зрізи, виготовлені на ультрамікротомі LKB 4801 A, контрастували ураніацетатом та цитратом свинцю відповідно до методу Рейнольдса і вивчали в електронному мікроскопі ПЕМ – 125 К.
Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. Субмікроскопічні дослідження показали, що через 3 доби після змодельованої механічної непроникаючої травми рогівки спостерігається поліморфізм епітеліоцитів переднього епітелію із різним ступенем альтеративних змін. У деструктивно зміненій власній речовині рогівки спостерігалися розволокнення, фрагментація колагенових фібрил у складі сполучнотканинних пластинок. Через 7 діб досліду встановлено, що у периферійних ділянках епітеліоцити втратили своє пошарове розташування, але у цитоплазмі клітин виявлялися помірно дистрофічно змінені органели. Сполучнотканинні пластинки строми рогівки дезорганізовані, виявляються ділянки фрагментації колагенових волокон. Через 14 діб після змодельованої травми рогівки у епітеліоцитах проявлялися ознаки деструктивних та регенераторних процесів. У власні речовині у даний термін експерименту відзначається формування грануляцій. Через 28 діб після моделювання механічної непроникаючої травми рогівки встановлено, що епітеліоцити багатошарового плоского незроговілого епітелію розташовані невпорядковано, міжклітинні простори значно розширені, елетроннопросвітлені. Власна речовина рогівки підлягає деструктивним і дегенеративним змінам, що проявляються значним розволокненням, фрагментацією колагенових волокон.
Tactical and technical considerations in deploying endovascular procedures for chronic threatening lower limb ischemia
Authors: GOSHCHYNSKY V. B. , LUGOVYI O. B. , LUGOVYI S. O. 
Published: November 2023

The aim of the work: to evaluate new tactical and technical measures in order to increase the efficiency of endovascular operations in chronic threatening ischemia of the lower extremities.
Materials and Methods. We analyzed postoperative results in 286 patients with TCLLI, average age (62±8.2) years, after an endovascular procedures performed in cardiovascular and endovascular center at Ternopil Municipal Hospital No. 2, for the period of 2012–2022 years. The majority were men (187), 99 were women. Limb ischemia, according to Rutherford's classification, was III stage in 69.1 % and 30.9 % was IV stage. According to our findings, the frequency and localization of occlusive lesions using TASC II classification, type A was found in 9.1 % of patients, type B in 49.7 %, type D – in 41.2 % of patients. The length of atherosclerotic occlusions in 57 (20 %) patients was from 15 to 20 cm, in 121 (42.3 %) patients – up to 15 cm, and in 108 cases (37.7 %) more than 20 cm. To eliminate or reduce the symptoms of TCLLI, the following options of endovascular operations were used: vasoballoon dilatation of arteries using the "sliding" technique or the "drilling" technique followed by stenting with a self-expanding stent, subintimal angioplasty, the SAFARI method, retrograde approaches through the distal part of the tibial or posterior arteries of the foot, the transpedal arch technique, the J-loop technique, and the confluent balloon technique.
Results and Discussion. After gathering postoperative results, we can state that clinical success in the first 6 months was achieved in 234 (81.8 %) patients. Among them, a significant improvement in the condition of the limb occurred in 128 (44.9 %) patients, moderate improvement was noted in 100 (35 %) patients, no changes in 35 (12.3 %) cases, and moderate deterioration in 23 (7.8 %) of patients. calculation of the brachial-peroneal index, studying the intensity of the pain syndrome using a digital rating scale.
ВПЛИВ ПОЛІМОРФІЗМІВ ГЕНА FNDC5 НА СХИЛЬНІСТЬ ДО РОЗВИТКУ ОЖИРІННЯ В ЖІНОК ІІ ПЕРІОДУ ЗРІЛОГО ВІКУ
Authors: Панченко Ю. М. , Дроздовська С. Б. 
Published: November 2023

Вступ. Як свідчать результати нещодавно проведених досліджень, оздоровчий ефект фізичних вправ при ожирінні реалізується за рахунок дії на адипоцити міокіну іризину. Іризин утворюється шляхом від­щеп­лення від мембранного білка FNDC5. Поліморфізми цього гена можуть зумовлювати чутливість до інсуліну та схильність до розвитку ожиріння, ефективність зменшення маси тіла під впливом фізичних навантажень.
Мета дослідження – визначити характер взаємозв’язку між варіантами гена FNDC5 та схильністю до розвитку ожиріння, ефективністю впливу різних програм оздоровчого фітнесу на зменшення маси тіла, встановити можливість використання поліморфних варіантів гена як маркера ефективності застосування програм оздоровчого фітнесу.
Методи дослідження. У дванадцятитижневій програмі оздоровчого фітнесу з аеробним характером тренувань взяли участь 39 жінок ІІ періоду зрілого віку з І–ІІІ ступенями ожиріння. На початку і після програми вимірювали антропометричні та біохімічні показники крові (інсулін, глюкоза, HOMA, ліпопротеїни високої і низької щільності, холестерин, тригліцериди, іризин, лептин, гормони). Три поліморфізми гена FNDC5 визначали методом сканування мікрочіпів з ДНК букального епітелію.
Результати й обговорення. Однофакторний дисперсійний аналіз результатів дослідження впливу поліморфізмів гена FNDC5 на схильність до розвитку ожиріння виявив вірогідну асоціацію алельних варіантів T/G-поліморфізму гена FNDC5 (rs16835198) (р=0,0015) з індексом маси тіла жінок з ожирінням та дозволив нам стверджувати, що індекс маси тіла жінок з G/G-генотипом вірогідно перевищує аналогічний показник у жінок з Т/Т- і Т/G-генотипами (р=0,0012). Носійство Т/Т-генотипу за Т/G-поліморфізмом гена FNDC5 (rs1683598) сприяє підвищенню рівня інсуліну в крові жінок з ожирінням та індексу HOMA-IR. Асоціації поліморфізмів гена FNDC5 з рівнем іризину в плазмі крові жінок з ожирінням та ефективністю зменшення маси тіла й інсулінової чутливості під впливом тримісячної програми оздоровчого фітнесу в нашій роботі не встановлено.
Висновки. G-алель та G/G-генотип за T/G-поліморфізмом гена FNDC5 (rs16835198) асоційовані з підвищеним індексом маси тіла та сприяють розвитку ожиріння. T/G-поліморфізм гена FNDC5 можна розглядати як молекулярно-генетичний маркер ожиріння. Поліморфізм rs1683598 гена FNDC5 асоційований з інсулінорезистентністю, а T/T-генотип поліморфізму rs1683598 гена FNDC5 сприяє зниженню чутливості до інсуліну, зростанню інсулінорезистентності.
Eukrasia and Enkrateia: Greco-Roman Theories of Blending and the Struggle for Virtue
Authors: Korobili Giouli 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A number of ancient philosophers showed a keen interest in understanding whether moral development and the acquisition of virtue is in any way affected by the material constitution of human bodies. Moral education and socialisation were conceived of as having a significant impact on the resulting behaviours, while individual natures, thanks to their special physiological characteristics, were frequently seen as constantly interacting with acquired traits, eventually determining individual characters. This paper focuses on two key concepts of this wider subject, krasis (blending) and enkrateia (continence), and attempts to trace their philosophical interrelations throughout Greek and Roman Antiquity, especially from the fifth century BCE to the first century CE. An important result of this analysis reveals that during this period, enkrateia is described – often explicitly – as a manifestation of krasis, signifying as it does a well-balanced blending of certain ‘ingredients’.
Complexion of the Members, Complexion of the Body, in Late-Medieval Scholastic Medicine
Authors: Chandelier Joël 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
According to the medical theory of the Middle Ages, every individual had a general complexion for its whole body, but at the same time each organ had a specific complexion, determined by its anatomy, its function, and, of course, the individual. The problem of the relationship between those two types of complexion was, therefore, crucial for the medical practitioner: could a shift in the complexion of the body have an effect on a single organ? Could a change in the complexion of one member alter the general functioning of the body? And what were the interactions between the separate complexions of the various organs? All these questions, which had only briefly been tackled by Galen in his Tegni, began to be systematically addressed by physicians at the end of the thirteenth century. Some thinkers started to write specific treatises on the subject, often called De resistentiis, dealing with the “resistance” (or “counter-operations”) of particular complexions between them. The present paper deals with the origins of this debate, highlighting the role of Gentile da Foligno (d. 1348), and shows how the discussion evolved in the following century. Thus, the aim is to present an overlooked medical debate on complexion while proposing a reflection on the way in which scientific problems can come into being and how they can evolve.
Between Matter and Form: Complexion (mizāǧ) as a Keystone of Avicenna’s Scientific Project
Authors: Alpina Tommaso 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
According to Avicenna, the perfect (or complete) disposition (istiʿdād kāmil/tāmm) turns prime matter, which is potentially receptive to every form (or power, or quality), into complected matter, which is endowed with uniform quality. The latter, i.e., complexion (mizāǧ) or complexional form (ṣūra mizāǧiyya), is suitable to receive some particular form (or power, or quality) and not another. The question arises as to how matter acquires its specific complexion. Is it the result of celestial influence, or does it emerge from chemical, elemental interactions within matter? This paper tries to answer this question with textual evidence from Avicenna’s natural philosophy and metaphysics. Together with soul/form, complected matter represents the other constituent of organic, living substances. The paper then attempts to determine which science is proper to its investigation. I argue that the investigation of organic matter, that is, the specific complexion characterizing the animal body (or its parts), pertains to zoology. Zoology is crucial to grounding medical practice, which operates on those specific complexions to preserve or restore health.
Complexio and the Transformation of Learned Physiognomy ca. 1200–ca. 1500
Authors: Ziegler Joseph 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This article surveys the long story of complexio in physiognomic discourse, from Galen’s De complexionibus (De temperamentis) to the great physiognomic manuals of the fifteenth century by Rolandus Scriptoris and Michele Savonarola. We linger, along the way, on various physiognomic texts, most notably the contributions to learned physiognomic discourse of Michael Scotus, William of Aragon, and John Buridan. The emerging story moves from the absence of complexio to omnipresence, with a sudden leap forward in the importance of the idea in the thirteenth century. The agents of this change were natural philosophers as well as physicians – possibly via medical intermediaries (most notably Rhazes), whose texts became available to Latin readers in the twelfth century; they borrowed the term and assimilated it into their texts, which now included the missing causal explanations that linked the physiognomic sign to its meaning. The distinctions between various kinds of complexions, most notably the growing use of the concept of radical complexion (around 1300), played a key role in this development, which provided a more stable foundation for the physiognomic judgement.
Can Mixtures Be Identified by Touch? The Reception of Galen’s De complexionibus in Italian Renaissance Medicine
Authors: von Hoffmann Viktoria 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This article uses Galen’s De complexionibus and its reception as a thread to examine the part played by the sense of touch in the assessment of bodily mixtures. According to Galen, complexions were assessed by touching patients with the skin of the palm of the hand because it is “at the precise midpoint between all the extremes” and, thus, well-mixed. This article examines how this extraordinary claim about the discriminative power of touch was received from the late Middle Ages up to the early modern period, with a special focus on Renaissance thought. By following Galen’s text and its various forms and appropriations, the aim is to illuminate the fluid understanding of the Galenic notion of ‘complexion’ (complexio) in relation to changing epistemologies of touch in Renaissance medicine, notably by shedding light on the anatomical concept of ‘substance’ (substantia).
Temperament and the Senses: The Taste, Odor and Color of Drugs in Late-Renaissance Galenism
Authors: Moreau Elisabeth 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
According to the medical tradition, the temperament of bodies came from the balance of their primary qualities – hot, cold, dry, and moist. However, physicians associated additional sensory properties with temperament in the field of pharmacology. These sensations included taste, color, and odor, which allow an appraisal of the constitution and active powers of drugs. The present paper examines this theme in late-Renaissance medicine, through the accounts of the French physician Jean Fernel (ca. 1497–1558) and the Italian physician Andrea Cesalpino (1519–1603). As will be shown, their respective interpretations of drug “faculties” offered original views on the relationship between temperament, sensory properties, and matter theories. Such discussions, in turn, revealed the Renaissance reception of Arabic-Latin pharmacology, Galenic medicine, and the Aristotelian physics of matter and form.
The Constitution of Air: Observation and the Limits of Temperament in Italian Renaissance Medical Writing
Authors: Martin Craig 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The constitution of air served as a key concept for investigations into epidemic disease in sixteenth-century Italy. Its roots stem from the Hippocratic Corpus and Galen’s interpretation of it. In these ancient works, the constitution of air was directly tied to the temperaments of the seasons and winds. Renaissance physicians, such as Giambattista Da Monte and Girolamo Mercuriale, used these texts to justify observing the air to determine if its constitution caused specific outbreaks of disease. At times, these observations called into question whether temperamental differences were sufficient explanations, leading physicians to posit vapors, exhalations, and celestial influences as causes of outbreaks of epidemic disease.
Analysis of the Right to Protest and Freedom of Assembly in Selected African Countries with a Focus on Nigeria
Authors: Aina-Pelemo Adetutu Deborah 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The derivative rights of citizens to protest and join fellow citizens in peaceful assembly are critical to a functioning democracy. However, the violation of this right by the institutional authority in-charge of its implementation is becoming worrisome. This study seeks to address the violation of fundamental human rights to peaceful assembly vis-à-vis the civil liberty to protest. Notable peaceful protest demonstrations in developed countries, Nigeria and other African countries were examined. Special attention was given to how the protests were conducted and the reaction of governments of these various nations to the demonstrations. The desk-based, doctrinal and qualitative methods which are analytical and expository in nature were adopted as the means of sourcing information. It was found among others, that government agencies are not the only ones guilty of this violation, but government directly and indirectly suppresses this right. To this end, the study recommends among others that beyond modeling after developed democracies, the African countries, specifically the Nigerian government should ensure the implementation of existing legal framework on the subject matter. Furthermore, the police officers should only take an observatory posture during protests and assemblies unless there is apparent reason to act in the interest of the public order.
Beliefs, attitudes and feelings about work among healthcare workers and teachers during the fifth wave of COVID-19
Authors: López Borja N Santana , Adell Ma Desamparados Bernat , Cabrera Luciano Santana , Padilla Yeray G Santana 
Published: November 2023

Objective To compare the beliefs, attitudes and feelings about work of healthcare professionals (HCPs) and teachers living in the Canary Islands (Spain) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods The study had two parts. In Part 1, the Delphi technique was used to adapt a questionnaire. Part 2 was a cross-sectional, comparative study, performed from August 31st to October 25th, 2021 using the questionnaire online distributed to samples of HCPs and teachers. The questionnaire had three dimensions each separated into three sections (i.e., beliefs [coping ability, prevention and organisation]; attitudes [risks, commitments, and obligations]; feelings about work [burnout, support and work satisfaction]). Results In total 1423 questionnaires were available for analysis, 640 from teaching staff and 783 from HCPs. Significant differences were found in eight of the nine sections. HCPs had a more positive attitude towards work compared with teachers, but had more negative beliefs and feelings about work. In addition, by comparison with teachers, HCPs were more committed to their work, more predisposed to take risks and fulfill their obligations, even though our sample of teachers felt more supported and satisfied at work. Conclusions Our results show that the pandemic caused a greater negative impact on job satisfaction of HCPs compared with teachers because they felt less supported by their superiors, which had a greater impact on their psychological health.
Vascular cognitive impairment: When memory loss is not the biggest challenge
Authors: van de Schraaf Sara AJ , Smit Merel F , Muller Majon , Hertogh Cees MPM , Rhodius-Meester Hanneke FM , Sizoo Eefje M 
Published: November 2023

Objectives Vascular cognitive impairment is the second most common type of cognitive impairment. Care needs of community-dwelling people with vascular cognitive impairment and their caregivers have not been thoroughly studied. Therefore, we aimed to explore care needs of people with vascular cognitive impairment and their family caregivers. Design A qualitative interview study. Setting and participants Participants were purposefully sampled community-dwelling people with vascular cognitive impairment and their family caregivers. Methods Interviews were audiotaped and transcribed verbatim. Analysis and data collection followed an iterative process, until data saturation was achieved. We conducted 18 interviews (nine people with vascular cognitive impairment and nine caregivers), concerning 13 unique people with vascular cognitive impairment. We analyzed the data using inductive thematic analysis following the Braun & Clark method. The study was reported in accordance with the COREQ criteria. Findings Five themes were identified in the care needs reported by people with vascular cognitive impairment and family caregivers: (1) Specific information need with subtheme (1A) No memory problem, no dementia? (2) Being respected as a person, (3) Differing concerns about the future, (4) The roles of the caregiver and (5) Decisiveness from professional healthcare. Conclusions and implications The care needs of people with vascular cognitive impairment and their caregivers were affected by (a lack of knowledge about) the characteristic symptoms of this condition. Participants equated cognitive impairment or dementia to memory loss (“Alzheimerization”), although memory loss was not their biggest challenge. People with vascular cognitive impairment and caregivers preferred resolute and decisive healthcare professionals. These professionals activate the person with vascular cognitive impairment who lacks initiative and diminishe role conflict of the caregiver. Care for people with vascular cognitive impairment and their caregivers could be improved by providing tailored information, promoting awareness of neuropsychiatric symptoms, particularly apathy, and by healthcare professionals providing more guidance in decision-making.
Percutaneous Endovascular Management of a Splenic Vein Pseudoaneurysm Secondary to Pancreatic Pseudocyst
Authors: Al-Balas Hassan , Vyas Ajit 
Published: November 2023

A 74-year-old male patient with remote history of severe gallstone pancreatitis underwent cholecystectomy and distal pancreatectomy. The surgical intervention was complicated by postsurgical chronic collection/pseudocyst that was managed conservatively. Patient presented to emergency room with anaerobic bacterial sepsis. Abdominal imaging demonstrated peripancreatic collection with new air bubble and surrounding inflammatory changes suggestive of infected pseudocyst. Computed tomography (CT) also revealed interval development of splenic vein pseudoaneurysm protruding into the collection. Splenic vein pseudoaneurysm was successfully treated with covered stent using transhepatic percutaneous endovascular approach prior to planned endoscopic transgastric drainage of the pancreatic pseudocyst. Clinical Impact This case report sheds light on a rare complication of pancreatitis, splenic vein pseudoaneurysm. The pseudoaneurysm was successfully treated percutaneously using a covered stent. The article also emphasizes the utilization and safety of transhepatic approach to interventions related to portal vein and its tributaries.