bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On site measurement and hygrothermal modelling of degraded ETICS facade with EPS and mineral wool fire breaks
Authors: Talvik M , Klõšeiko P , Kalamees T , Liisma E , Ilomets S 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
External Thermal Insulation Composite System (ETICS) facades are widespread and cost-effective building solutions in many climates. However, they are frequently found to deteriorate prematurely. In addition to other possible defects, several buildings were found with horizontal cracks on the facade between every floor level. Because of the fire safety requirements of multi-storey buildings, EPS insulation has been divided by mineral wool fire breaks at each floor level. The service life of the system usually ends up with horizontal cracks appearing at the lower level of the wool belt. This study aimed to determine the damage mechanism. One deteriorated facade was opened to explore possible construction technology errors and specimen were analysed in the laboratory. Temperature and RH were measured in situ inside the walls at different positions. It turned out that built in moisture of concrete was still drying out after three and a half years. Moisture content of concrete was found to be between 0.046 to 0.063 m3/m3 behind EPS insulation and 0.047 to 0.074 m3/m3 behind MW insulation - slightly higher than hygrothemal model was predicting. A possible solution was proposed to alleviate the similar problem in the future with application of waterproofing membrane behind mineral wool.
A chronological development of a framework for emission free construction sites in Norway
Authors: Wiik Marianne Kjendseth , Fufa Selamawit Mamo , Homaei Shabnam , Fjellheim Kristin 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The building and construction sector is responsible for 3.4% of total GHG emissions in Norway. Around 95% of these emissions arise from the combustion of fossil fuels for the operation of construction machinery and transport. This highlights the importance of transitioning to renewable energy sources for the operation of construction sites. To facilitate this transition, a new concept is emerging in Norway, called emission free construction sites. To fully implement this concept, a clear and consistent definition of emission free construction sites and a commonly agreed stepwise approach to decarbonisation of construction activities is required. This paper presents a chronology of the development of emission free construction sites in Norway to further develop a framework. First, a review of experiences from different research and on-going national activities are presented as a background. The results from applying this framework on construction sites in Norway are presented and issues around harmonisation of definitions, standards, and system boundaries are discussed. The results of this paper are relevant for actors within the construction industry that are interested in reducing GHG emissions from construction works. In conclusion, this paper presents the first steps towards the decarbonisation of construction sites in Norway and demonstrates how Norway has become a testbed for the electrification of construction machinery on construction sites.
The IEQ Occupant Manikin: a holistic indoor environmental quality assessment tool
Authors: Rohde Lasse , Johra Hicham , Jensen Rasmus Lund , Michalak Paulina , Fabian Martin , Wielgolewski Marcin 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Indoor environmental quality (IEQ) measurement is a fundamental part of quantifying the performance of any space. Performing measurements and interpreting the results require expensive equipment and specialist knowledge for each parameter. Since holistic IEQ assessment requires investigation of multiple parameters across atmospheric, thermal, acoustic, and visual indoor environment, this is a comprehensive and expensive task. The IEQ Occupant Manikin concept presents an operational holistic IEQ assessment based on measurements of various parameters. The paper presents the development of a prototype manikin equipped with various sensors strategically positioned to best represent the exposure occupants would experience. Since the manikin also physically mimics an occupant in the space, the term occupant-centric measurements is used. In addition, the paper presents a preliminary methodology for the assessment, weighting, and aggregation of individual IEQ parameters towards an overall holistic IEQ assessment. Practical implementation of the work is discussed, including the potential implications for standards on IEQ measurement. The paper reflects upon the future perspectives on using machine learning for a black box modelling approach to tackle the complex issues with the interaction effects between IEQ parameters and relative IEQ parameter weights for holistic assessment. Finally, the paper presents suggestions for future work on the IEQ Occupant Manikin concept.
Validation of decomposition models for solar irradiance at high latitudes: A preliminary study
Authors: Manni M , Nocente A , Skeie K , Bellmann M , Lobaccaro G 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The accurate estimation of buildings’ solar potential contributes to boost the exploitation of solar energy at high latitudes. The decomposition of global irradiation into the direct and diffuse fractions is a fundamental step of the solar irradiance model chain. Diffuse and direct irradiation are, in fact, rarely measured. Previous works recommended Yang4 as the decomposition model with the best overall performance. However, in geographically limited applications, quasi-universal decomposition models such as Yang4 and Engerer4 can be outperformed by local models (i.e., models parametrized with climate-specific data) such as Skartveit3 and Starke3. This makes necessary to perform local validation studies to verify the findings from worldwide validation studies. In this study, the four decomposition models are implemented in Python and experimentally validated against one-minute solar irradiance data (i.e., direct and diffuse irradiance) of Trondheim (Lat. 63°26’ N, Norway). Two months representative of clear sky (August) and overcast (October) conditions are considered. The study confirms that the Yang4 model performed the best for high-latitude application: the nMBE ranged from -0.54% (August) to 0.65% (October), the nRMSE from 17.18% (August) to 22.29% (October), and the R2 from 0.96 (August) to 0.97 (October). However, Skartveit3 combines a level of performance close to Yang4 with the lower number of input parameters.
Research on Confidence Analysis Method of Lightning Strike Accidents on Distribution Lines
Authors: Huang Weixiang , Chen Qianyi , Zhang Wei , Lin Xiuqing , Hu Gang , Feng Bo , Zhou Yangjun , Ling Ying 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Currently, lightning is the main cause of power system faults. Due to insufficient equipment and technology, low insulation level, the distribution network being the main part of power outages, and the complex causes of distribution network faults, it is difficult to determine whether each fault in the distribution network is caused by lightning strikes. In this paper, the concept of lightning strike confidence, i.e., the possibility of a line lightning strike fault caused by falling lightning, is proposed, and a lightning strike confidence analysis is performed for a 10 kV distribution line in the mountainous region of South China to determine the possibility of a line lightning strike fault caused by falling lightning based on the lightning locating system data of the distribution line at the moment of the fault. First, the calculation method of the lightning strike confidence is derived; then the distribution law of the distribution line lightning strike confidence, the influence of the ground tilt direction, and ground tilt angle on the distribution line lightning strike confidence are analyzed; finally, the distribution line lightning strike confidence is analyzed by an example.
Wind power access site selection method based on scenario probability
Authors: Li Tao , Lv Xuetao , Zhang Yiyang , Liao Yiliang , Wang Mingli , Wang Bo , Zhao Jie 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The fluctuation of new energy output makes the power system operation more complex, and the traditional power system tide calculation is no longer fully applicable. Therefore, the determination of wind farm output and site selection is important and fundamental research at present. Based on this, a combination of wind farm output scenario and probability is proposed. The site selection model with the minimum network loss of the distribution network as the optimization objective is proposed. First, the wind farm output is clustered into several typical scenarios by K-Means, and the output time series model and the probability of each typical scenario are obtained. The probabilities of each scenario are multiplied by the network losses under that scenario. Then, the network losses obtained for all individual scenarios are summed up and used as the minimum objective function. The model is solved by a genetic algorithm with tidal current constraint and node voltage constraint to derive the optimal wind farm access point. With the IEEE33 node, simulations are performed to derive the minimum value of the daily average network loss, which verifies the rationality and feasibility of the optimized model.
The Calculation Method of the Floating Conductor Potential in the Ion Flow Field
Authors: Liu Lei , Liao Minchuan , Jia Lei , Li Bin , Wan Wenxin 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
For bipolar DC transmission projects, when one pole conductor is charged and running normally, and the other pole conductor is in a standby state (including cold standby and hot standby), if the standby pole conductor is not grounded, a high charging potential will appear on the surface. On the one hand, it will affect the insulation coordination and protection setting of the DC system. On the other hand, it will also affect the ion current and synthetic electric field on the ground. This article studies the calculation method of the potential of suspended conductors in the presence of floating conductors in the ion flow field, establishes a calculation model based on the minimum absolute value of the space charge density on the surface of the conductor, and calculates and analyzes the distribution of ionizing current and synthetic electric field below the ground of high-voltage DC lines in the presence of suspended conductors. The distribution laws of ground field strength and ion current in single-circuit bipolar DC transmission lines are studied when one pole is suspended, the other is operated, and when one circuit is operated. One circuit is shut down in double-circuit DC transmission lines on the same tower. For practical engineering, on the one hand, it is possible to predict the potential of suspended conductors in the ion flow field and propose adjustment plans for protection settings, insulation coordination, etc., in advance. On the other hand, when considering abnormal operating conditions, the impact of ion flow fields on the ground electromagnetic environment can be reduced by changing the geometric architecture and line selection.
Research on the output voltage control of the Dual active bridge converter
Authors: Song Zhuo , Zhang Haiyan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
in order to make the dual active bridge DC / DC converter output voltage stability, for the single shift phase control mode load disturbance, the input voltage disturbance affect the output voltage, puts forward a closed loop based on MATLAB self-regulation control, the control for a certain range of disturbance to maintain the output voltage stability effect is particularly obvious. This paper mainly introduces the working principle of DAB converter under single-shift phase modulation (SPS) and analyzes the topological structure of the circuit. Finally, the simulation model of the converter closed-loop control system is built on the simulink platform in Matlab, and the PID parameters are determined by using the self-regulation function to realize the pressure stabilizing output.
A Flexible DC Ranging Scheme Based on Variational Mode Decomposition and Teager Energy Operator
Authors: Wang Lingbai , Wang Sihua , Gao Chang 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In this paper, a new Cable fault location scheme is proposed for the existing flexible DC Cable fault location methods, in which the fault signal is mixed with noise and the traveling wave speed is affected by line parameters. This scheme is based on the propagation characteristics of fault line mode voltage traveling waves in flexible DC transmission. Firstly, the fault voltage is effectively decomposed using Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD). Then, the decomposed intrinsic mode functions (IMF) are reconstructed to obtain the high-frequency components of the recorded fault information. Finally, the traveling wave head is calibrated using the Teager Energy Operator (TEO). A dual terminal ranging algorithm that is not affected by wave velocity has been proposed, which can effectively avoid the impact of fault traveling wave velocity uncertainty on the ranging results. A dual ended flexible DC power grid model was built in PSCAD/EMTDC, and a large number of simulation results show that the algorithm proposed in this paper can accurately calibrate the fault traveling wave head, has little interference from transition resistance, strong noise resistance, and can obtain high-precision fault location results in different fault locations.
Simulation of Thermal Dissipation and Fatigue Properties of a Pressing Sealed Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor Device
Authors: Huang Tianyi , Chen Yuxiang 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) is widely needed in many applications, such as motors, inverters, express railways, and automobiles. As the integrity level of IGBT increases, thermal management becomes a more significant issue, especially when third-generation semiconductor chips made with SiC or GaN come into application. Here, a press packaging SiC IGBT module is designed, which involves silver sintering. Firstly, we make a thermal analysis using the finite element method (FEM). Then, a heat dissipation plane is optimized. Groups of heat sink materials and airflow velocities are investigated, and an optimized one is chosen as the basis of further fatigue analysis. In the simulated working condition, the maximum temperature can reach 100°C, which could further induce serious problems in fatigue performance. We have analyzed 4 models with different silver layer edge shapes. The best one shows a 27% higher expected fatigue life than the standard one, which shows that the fatigue performance is very sensitive to the edge shape of the silver layer. This research can help further optimization and designing of advanced IGBT devices.
Research on Operational Status Monitoring Technology of the Secondary Circuit of Intelligent Substation Based on Virtual Circuit Visualization
Authors: Zhang Yue , Chen Hengxiang , Xu Jingran , Yu Yue , Zhu Zhenwei , Zeng Jingjing 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
With the promotion and construction of intelligent substations, how to reliably monitor the operation status of the intelligent components and related circuits of the secondary circuit equipment has become a difficult problem to which needs to be paid attention in the optimization operation and relay protection of the power system. This article proposes an intelligent substation secondary circuit operation status monitoring technology, which visualizes the design of SCD files. At the same time, the entropy weight method and grey correlation analysis method are introduced into the monitoring system to improve the work efficiency of on-site operation and maintenance personnel and promote the development of substation intelligence.
Complementary Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition and Maximum Correlated Kurtosis Deconvolution for Wind Turbine Bearing Fault Feature Extraction
Authors: Fu Dong , Lu Qifu , Tang Longhua , Ran Wang , Shi Quan , Fu Ming , You Dehua 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Wind turbine bearing fault signals exhibit characteristics such as nonlinearity, non-stationarity, and susceptibility to external noise interference, making it challenging to extract fault features and identify them accurately. In light of these issues, this paper proposes a fault signal feature extraction method that combines complementary ensemble empirical mode decomposition (CEEMD) and maximum correlated kurtosis deconvolution (MCKD). CEEMD is utilized to decompose the signals, reducing mode mixing and eliminating residual auxiliary noise in the decomposition process, thereby obtaining linear and stationary signals that enhance the significance of the features. MCKD is employed to increase the kurtosis value of the fault signals, facilitating the extraction of continuous transient impacts from weak fault signals. Finally, a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is employed to validate that the method enhances fault characteristics and improves the accuracy of fault signal recognition.
The intelligent monitoring method of main distribution microgrid operation panorama considering the high percentage of new energy sources
Authors: Chen Xinbin , Huang Honghui , Xie Cheng , Zhang Pengfei 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In the context of new power system construction, the proportion of new energy generation connected to the power system is increasing year by year. However, due to the strong randomness and volatility of new energy generation, a large number of accesses may threaten the safety of power system operations. Therefore, it is one of the important aspects in the construction of new power systems to improve the grid operation monitoring technology. This paper proposes a panoramic intelligent monitoring method for the operation of the main distribution microgrid considering the high percentage of new energy sources, in order to protect the safe operation of the new power system.
Two-stage AGC Control Method for Wind Farm Considering Power Forecast and Theoretical Power Error
Authors: Yan Quanchun , Gu Wen , Ji Jie , Mei Rui , Huang Jiaxing 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
With the large-scale wind farm connected to the power system, the uncertainty and fluctuation of its output bring challenges to the power grid dispatching and operation, especially in the automatic generation control. The problem of inaccurate theoretical power upper limit and power forecast has always been prominent. Therefore, this paper proposes a two-stage AGC control method for wind farms. In the first stage, the power control target value of the wind turbine group is determined by comprehensively considering the grid connection point of the station, the power consumption of the station, the loss in the station, and the theoretical power error. In the second stage, the power control of the wind turbine group is divided according to the proportion of the maximum power generation capacity and sent to the wind turbine, to realize the closed-loop control. Based on the measured data of a typical wind farm in Jiangsu province, the calculation results show that the control strategy proposed in this paper is effective and can greatly improve the response speed and accuracy of wind farm AGC.
Optimal Dispatch of Integrated Energy Systems Considering Advanced Adiabatic Compressed Air Energy Storage with a High Percentage of Fluctuating Energy Consumption
Authors: Wang Xia , Ma Guocai , Chen Xiaotao 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Aiming at the integrated energy system (IES) of the region with a multi-energy coupling of cold, heat, and power (CHP), this research establishes the IES model with the advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage (AA-CAES) as the energy hub. Further, to increasingly improve the system’s consumption ratio of fluctuating energy sources such as wind power, this paper designs the AA-CAES wide operating condition operation scheme based on the compressor adjustable inlet guide vanes (VIGVs) regulation technology. Finally, it is validated with a real application Case. Simulation results indicate that the operating costs of the newly modeled IES can be decreased by 20% compared to a regular integrated energy system, which demonstrates the effectiveness of AA-CAES-wide operating conditions in promoting the economic operation of integrated energy systems (IES).
Study of the Relationship Between Temperature Change and Energy Transfer in Thermodynamic Processes in Buildings
Authors: Zhou Junjie , Yao Jiangxiu , Wang Ruyi 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In this paper, the relationship between room temperature and outside temperature, wall temperature, system operation, and energy consumption is investigated through mathematical modeling and simulation experiments. The thermodynamic parameters of a typical room are used in the study, and the characteristics of the heating and cooling system are considered. 1. This paper analyses the variation of room temperature, wall temperature, switching state, and heating power with time. The results show that the room and wall temperatures are influenced by the external temperature and system operation, while the switching state and heating power are regulated by the room temperature. The correlation between temperature and heating power is quantified by calculating the correlation coefficient matrix. The results show that there is a positive correlation between room temperature and heating power, while there is a negative correlation between wall temperature and room temperature and heating power. 2. This paper investigates the effect of external temperature on room temperature and wall temperature. The results show that an increase in external temperature leads to a decrease in room temperature and wall temperature. In addition, it is found that the indoor temperature is more sensitive to changes in external temperature within the range of changes in external temperature. 3. It is based on the steady-state solution curves between temperature and external temperature, as well as thermodynamic plots of system operation and energy consumption. The visual presentation of the effect of external temperature on the system provides a reference for optimizing building energy use and designing efficient heating and cooling systems. This study provides insight into the relationship between temperature change and energy transfer in building thermodynamic processes, guiding for achieving sustainable energy utilization and reducing environmental impacts. It is of great significance for optimizing the design of building energy systems and improving the efficiency of energy use.