bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unravelling the mosquito-haemosporidian parasite-bird host network in the southwestern Iberian Peninsula: insights into malaria infections, mosquito community and feeding preferences
Authors: Mora-Rubio Carlos , Ferraguti Martina , Magallanes Sergio , Bravo-Barriga Daniel , Hernandez-Caballero Irene , Marzal Alfonso , de Lope Florentino 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Bakground
Vector-borne diseases affecting humans, wildlife and livestock have significantly increased their incidence and distribution in the last decades. Because the interaction among vectors-parasite-vertebrate hosts plays a key role driving vector-borne disease transmission, the analyses of the diversity and structure of vector-parasite networks and host-feeding preference may help to assess disease risk. Also, the study of seasonal variations in the structure and composition of vector and parasite communities may elucidate the current patterns of parasite persistence and spread as well as facilitate prediction of how climate variations may impact vector-borne disease transmission. Avian malaria and related haemosporidian parasites constitute an exceptional model to understand the ecology and evolution of vector-borne diseases. However, the characterization of vector-haemosporidian parasite-bird host assemblages is largely unknown in many regions.

Methods
Here, we analyzed 5859 female mosquitoes captured from May to November in five localities from southwestern Spain to explore the composition and seasonal variation of the vector-parasite-vertebrate host network.

Results
We showed a gradual increase in mosquito abundance, peaking in July. A total of 16 different haemosporidian lineages were found infecting 13 mosquito species. Of these assemblages, more than 70% of these vector-parasite associations have not been described in previous studies. Moreover, three Haemoproteus lineages were reported for the first time in this study. The prevalence of avian malaria infections in mosquitoes varied significantly across the months, reaching a maximum in November. Mosquito blood-feeding preference was higher for mammals (62.5%), whereas 37.5% of vectors fed on birds, suggesting opportunistic feeding behavior.

Conclusion
These outcomes improve our understanding of disease transmission risk and help tovector control strategies.

Graphical abstract
CO2 emissions from service sectors in Ecuador: an analysis using input–output subsystems
Authors: Buenaño Edwin , Padilla Emilio , Alcántara Vicent 
Published: November 2023

AbstractEcuador is one of the most megadiverse countries in the world and a pioneer in establishing some regulations to take care of its environment. Despite this, its levels of pollution and environmental deterioration are higher than those of neighboring countries. A better understanding of the pollution channels of a subsystem such as services, which increasingly occupies a more relevant place in the economy and many of its activities tend to go unnoticed as a source of pollution, allows the development of mitigation strategies that could be analyzed and adopted for similar contexts. We estimated direct and indirect emissions for the 71 economic activities of Ecuador and applied an input–output subsystem analysis, breaking down the generation of total CO2 emissions (direct and indirect) of the 18 activities that make up the services subsystem into 6 sources. Total emissions of the services subsystem were a third of the emissions for the year 2018. Although it is known that transport is a well-known relevant actor in overall CO2 emissions, our decomposition provides a clearer view of the direct and indirect pollution channels of other relevant service sectors. We detect several service sectors with an insignificant level of direct CO2 emissions and a high level of total emissions. This is the case of trade services, real estate services, services provided by professionals, telecommunications or the government public administration. These sectors induce the generation of emissions from other sectors inside and outside the services subsystem. The results inform the design of policies to mitigate CO2 emissions in Ecuador.
A Study on the Flexural Performance of Para-aramid Fiber Reinforced Concrete Beams with Recycled Coarse Aggregates
Authors: Ruziev Jamshid , Kim Woosuk 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study aims to investigate the effectiveness of para-aramid fiber sheet in enhancing the flexural performance of reinforced concrete (RC) beams made with Environmental-Friendly Recycled Coarse Aggregates. The experimental program examines the effect of substitution ratio of recycled aggregates (0%, 30%, and 50%), type of para-aramid fiber sheet (KN 206 RFL and KN AA070-RFL), and the method of fiber sheet attachment (bottom and bottom-side). The test results show that the ultimate load-carrying capacity of RC beams reinforced with para-aramid fiber sheet attached to the bottom and side parts increased by 23.9% compared to the unreinforced specimens. The main findings of the study include the identification of the BU-type attachment method as the most effective method for enhancing the flexural performance of reinforced concrete beams. The comparison of the experimental results with analytical predictions showed that the nominal flexural strength obtained from the experimental study was lower than the analytical predictions, but the ductile capacity of the specimens indicated the effectiveness of para-aramid fiber sheet reinforcement in EFRCA RC beams for flexural strength. The study highlights the potential of using para-aramid fiber sheet in improving the flexural behavior of RC beams made with recycled aggregates, offering a sustainable solution for the construction industry.
Precise in-situ detection of inorganic pigments in ancient architectural color paintings by HH-XRF
Authors: Zhang Long , Song Ziyan , Zuo Shengda , Hou Feng , Chen Shuaiqing 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The handheld X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (HH-XRF) is commonly used to detect the inorganic elemental composition of pigments on-site. However, the accuracy of in-situ detection results can be affected by the characteristics of the painted surface contaminants and the layered structure of pigments in ancient architectural color paintings. To mitigate this error, a method was proposed that combined the XRF spectra of inorganic pigments with the elemental concentration values obtained through principal component analysis (PCA). Additionally, this study discussed the typical surface contaminants and pigment layering found in color paintings separately. Firstly, experiments were conducted on dust accumulation layers of varying thicknesses. The results indicated that the condition of color paintings after pretreatment of dust accumulation tended to resemble the situation with thin dust accumulation during in-situ testing. A fitting formula was derived to establish a relationship between field testing and laboratory testing results. Secondly, experiments were conducted using various combinations of pigment layers. Based on the findings, it was hypothesized that there was a connection between XRF detection results and the maximum concentration value of a single element (as determined by XRF, in an unmixed or unlayered pigment sample without dust or smoke accumulation). The test results were fitted using a Polynomial formula, providing evidence for the existence of a nonlinear functional relationship between these two variables. Finally, an empirical formula for predicting the concentration values of the top color layer with different base colors was proposed. This study offered a precise method for accurately assessing pigments of ancient architectural color paintings through in-situ testing.
Humic substances trigger plant immune responses
Authors: da Silva Rakiely Martins , Canellas Natália Aguiar , Olivares Fábio Lopes , Piccolo Alessando , Canellas Luciano Pasqualoto 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Huanglongbing (HLB) is a devastating citrus disease. Before callose deposition, the bacterial infection causes oxidative stress, starting cell damage. Humic substances are among the most efficient antioxidants found in nature. Furthermore, it is also previously reported that humic substances can induce a phenylpropanoid metabolism contributing to the production of antimicrobial compounds. It has been noted by technicians and growers in the Brazil's main citrus belt that orchards continuously treated with humic substances can live well with the symptoms of HLB.

Methods
We treated two young citrus orchards (Citrus sinensis cultivars Baía and Pera) with soluble humic substances (HS) isolated from peat either combined or not with a plant growth-promoting bacteria consortium. The activity of key enzymes related to the response against biotic stresses, such as peroxidase (POX), β-1,3-glucanase (PR) and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), as well as the differential transcription level of target genes linked to plant stress response by qRT-PCR was monitored for six months.

Results
No differences were obtained between sole humic substances and their application combined with plant growth-promoting bacteria, indicating that the microbial consortium had no modulatory effect on HS-treated plants. The treatments promoted the activities of POX, PAL and β-1,3-glucanase, which remained significantly higher concerning the control throughout the evaluation period. In addition, treatments positively regulated the transcription levels of CsPR-7, CsPR-3 and CsPR-11 genes. The experimental data were qualitatively similar to those found in commercial orange orchards treated continuously for 12 and 6 years with humic substances, where the activity and transcription levels were also more significant than for untreated plants.

Conclusion
Our results indicate that humic substances can trigger immune-mediated responses in plants and they can be used as a natural chemical priming agent to mitigate disease symptoms and contribute to more resilient citrus cultivation.

Graphical Abstract
How organisations regulate Muslim body practices: a comparison of schools, hospitals, and swimming pools
Authors: Apelt Maja , Koch Annika , Michalowski Ines , Molzberger Kaspar , Schenk Liane , Schmidt Max Oliver 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn a comparison of three human service organisations in which the human body plays a key role, we examine how organisations regulate religious body practices. We concentrate on Muslim norms of dressing and undressing as a potential focal point of cultural and religious diversity. Inspired by Ray’s (2019) idea of racialized organizations, we assume that state-run organizations in Germany are characterized by a strong commitment to religious tolerance and non-discrimination but also marked by anti-Muslim sentiment prevalent among the German population. Our study looks for mechanism that explain how Human Service Organizations accommodate Muslim body practices. It draws on qualitative empirical data collected in state-run hospitals, schools and swimming pools in Germany. Our analyses show that the organizations draw on formal and informal rules at the organizational level to accommodate Islam. We identify five general organizational mechanisms that may hinder Muslim accommodation in human service organizations. In particular, we see a risk of decoupling between the expectation of religious tolerance and processes that lead to informal discrimination, driven mainly by the difficulty of controlling group dynamics among users.
Endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation effects of F5 fraction of Crinum amabile chloroform extract
Authors: Lim Chung Pin , Fei Yam Mun , Asmawi Mohd. Zaini , Chin VoonKin , Khairuddin Nurul-Hayah , Yong Yoke Keong , Lawal Mukhtar Gambo , Basir Rusliza 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Vascular dysfunction can lead to many health problems including hypertension and heart disease. The complexities of vascular dysfunction and vascular disorder-related diseases have prompted the search for many new biologically active compounds in the efforts of resolving the problems. Previous studies have shown that Amaryllidaceae alkaloids exert multiple biological activities, including the vasorelaxation effect. Crinum amabile, which is a family member of Amaryllidaceae, is believed to possess a promising pharmacological activity as a vasorelaxant.

Method
The vasorelaxation activities of Crinum amabile extracts and fractions were determined using in vitro models of phenylephrine pre-contracted intact and denuded rat aortic rings. The mechanistic pathways of vasorelaxation were investigated by pre-treatment of endothelium-intact rat aortic rings with L-NG Nitro Arginine Methyl Ester (L-NAME), methylene blue (MB), indomethacin, atropine and propranolol, respectively.

Results
The results showed that chloroform extract (CE) of Crinum amabile exhibited the highest vasorelaxation activity, and further fractionation of CE found that its F5 fraction exerted the strongest activity. An in-depth study on the mechanistic pathway revealed that the endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation induced by F5 fraction was primarily achieved through stimulation of prostaglandin (PGI2) production and partially associated with NO/cGMP activation pathway.

Conclusion
Findings from this study suggest that Crinum amabile can serve as a promising candidate for the discovery and development of the new vasorelaxant drug.
Oncogene SCARNA12 as a potential diagnostic biomarker for colorectal cancer
Authors: Zhang Hong , Liu Xin , Zhang Wencheng , Deng Jiarong , Lin Chuxian , Qi Zhenhua , Li Yaqiong , Gu Yongqing , Wang Qi , Shen Liping , Wang Zhidong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant tumors of the digestive system, and represents a severe threat to the life and health of individuals. Increasing evidence supports the role of small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) as critical regulatory gene in cancer development. Small Cajal body-specific RNAs (scaRNAs), a subtype of snoRNAs, are named for their subcellular localization within Cajal bodies. SCARNA12, which located at the intronic region of PHB2 in chromosome 12p13.31 with 270 nucleotides (nt) in length. It has been reported function as a diagnostic marker for cervical cancer. However, its biological functions and molecular mechanisms in CRC have yet to be elucidated. In this study, bioinformatics analysis revealed that SCARNA12 was highly expressed in CRC and positively correlated with poor prognosis in CRC patients. Additionally, SCARNA12 showed upregulated expression in CRC cell lines and clinical CRC tissue samples. Moreover, SCARNA12 overexpression in SW620 cells accelerated cell proliferation, suppressed the apoptosis rate, and enhanced tumorigenesis in vivo. The knockdown of SCARNA12 expression in HCT116 and HT29 cells resulted in contrasting effects. The functioning of SCARNA12 is mechanically independent of its host gene PHB2. Notably, the overexpression of SCARNA12 activated PI3K/AKT pathway in SW620 cells, and the malignancy degree of CRC cells was attenuated after treatment with MK2206 (a specific AKT inhibitor). Our findings demonstrated that SCARNA12 plays an oncogenic role in CRC progression and can be used as a potential diagnostic biomarker for CRC.
Nuclear mechanosensing of the aortic endothelium in health and disease
Authors: Mannion Aarren J. , Holmgren Lars 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
The endothelium, the monolayer of endothelial cells that line blood vessels, is exposed to a number of mechanical forces, including frictional shear flow, pulsatile stretching and changes in stiffness influenced by extracellular matrix composition. These forces are sensed by mechanosensors that facilitate their transduction to drive appropriate adaptation of the endothelium to maintain vascular homeostasis. In the aorta, the unique architecture of the vessel gives rise to changes in the fluid dynamics, which, in turn, shape cellular morphology, nuclear architecture, chromatin dynamics and gene regulation. In this Review, we discuss recent work focusing on how differential mechanical forces exerted on endothelial cells are sensed and transduced to influence their form and function in giving rise to spatial variation to the endothelium of the aorta. We will also discuss recent developments in understanding how nuclear mechanosensing is implicated in diseases of the aorta.
The Immediate Biomechanical Effects of a Flat, Flexible School Shoe in Adolescents with Patellofemoral Pain
Authors: Mazzella Natalie , Trowell Danielle , Fox Aaron , Saunders Natalie , Vicenzino Bill , Bonacci Jason 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Treatment options for adolescent patellofemoral pain (PFP) are limited. School footwear might be a suitable intervention to modulate patellofemoral joint (PFJ) loads in adolescents with PFP. This study examined the immediate effects of a flat, flexible school shoe compared to a traditional school shoe on knee joint kinematics and kinetics, and PFJ reaction force during walking and running in adolescents with PFP.

Methods
28 adolescents (12 female, 16 male, mean ± standard deviation age 14.3 ± 1.7 years) with PFP walked and ran on an instrumented treadmill in two randomly ordered conditions: (i) flat, flexible school shoe and (ii) traditional school shoe. Three-dimensional marker trajectory and ground reaction force data were sampled at 250 and 1000 Hz, respectively. Continuous ankle and knee joint angles and moments, PFJ reaction force and ankle power were compared between conditions using one-dimensional statistical parametric mapping paired t-tests (alpha <0.05).

Results
Walking in the flat, flexible school shoe resulted in a significant reduction in knee flexion (15-35% of gait cycle, p < 0.001), knee extension moment (15-40% of gait cycle, p < 0.001) and PFJ reaction force (15-40% of gait cycle, p < 0.001) compared to the traditional school shoe. During running, knee flexion (10-33% of gait cycle, p < 0.001), knee extension moment (15-25% of gait cycle, p < 0.001) and PFJ reaction force (15-25% of gait cycle, p < 0.001) were lower when wearing the flat, flexible school shoe compared to the traditional school shoe.

Conclusions
PFJ reaction force is reduced when adolescents walk and run in a flat, flexible school shoe compared to a traditional school shoe. Flat, flexible school shoes may be an effective intervention to modulate biomechanical factors related to PFP.
Diverse and dynamic Slovenia, towards the necessary changes
Authors: Lesar Kikelj Martina , Gosar Hirci Barbka , Šubic Prislan Jana , Močnik Ramovš Lucija , Šantej Borut 
Published: November 2023

Cultural heritage is a value in all its forms. As an important and indivisible part of local, regional, national and European identity, it represents the quality of the living environment and is a key source of balanced development. Heritage is the foundation of Slovenia’s cultural diversity, which is intertwined with remarkable landscape and biological diversity and the country’s attractiveness for living, education, development, artistic creation, tourism and other economic activities. Cultural heritage broadens Slovenia’s visibility in the international community. In a Eurobarometer survey (2017), 92% of Slovenians surveyed said that cultural heritage is important for our country, and 76% said they are proud of our common heritage. Naturally, cultural heritage cannot exist without the people who protect, preserve and popularise it. This is precisely where we need to work on the challenges and problems that have arisen as a result of the free movement of labour and the emergence of market activities.
One of the biggest challenges facing the conservation-restoration Þeld is the regulation of the profession. The regulation of the conservation-restoration professions is relevant in Slovenia for the public sector and in the case of persons who independently perform a specialised profession through recognition fees, from the point of view of covering the social instruments in the Þeld of self-employment in the cultural heritage sector. The status of self-employed persons in the cultural heritage sector is granted by the Ministry of Culture. However, the profession isn´t regulated on the market since anyone who believes they have sufÞcient knowledge, even without appropriate education, can create and register a conservation and restoration business in any Þeld without examination by a commission. Conservation and restoration activities in Slovenia can therefore be based on three different starting points: The Public sector (regulated), the Status of self-employed persons in the cultural heritage sector (regulated), and Independent entrepreneurship in the Þeld of conservation and restoration (unregulated).
Factors associated with survival in patients with clear cell sarcoma
Authors: Fujiwara Tomohiro , Kunisada Toshiyuki , Nakata Eiji , Mitsuhashi Toshiharu , Ozaki Toshifumi , Kawai Akira 
Published: November 2023

AimsClear cell sarcoma (CCS) of soft-tissue is a rare melanocytic subtype of mesenchymal malignancy. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical and therapeutic factors associated with increased survival, stratified by clinical stage, in order to determine the optimal treatment.MethodsThe study was a retrospective analysis involving 117 patients with histologically confirmed CCS, between July 2016 and November 2017, who were enrolled in the Bone and Soft Tissue Tumour Registry in Japan.ResultsThe five- and ten-year survival rates were 41% (95% confidence interval (CI) 29 to 52) and 37% (95% CI 25 to 49), respectively. On multivariable analysis, the size of the tumour of > 10 cm (p = 0.006), lymph node metastasis at the time of diagnosis (p < 0.001), distant metastases at the time of diagnosis (p < 0.001), and no surgery for the primary tumour (p = 0.019) were independently associated with a poor survival. For N0M0 CCS (n = 68), the development of distant metastases was an independent prognostic factor for survival (early (< 12 months), hazard ratio (HR) 116.78 (95% CI 11.69 to 1,166.50); p < 0.001; late (> 12 months), HR 14.79 (95% CI 1.66 to 131.63); p = 0.016); neoadjuvant/adjuvant chemotherapy (p = 0.895) and/or radiotherapy (p = 0.216) were not significantly associated with survival. The five-year cumulative incidence of local recurrence was 19% (95% CI 8 to 35) and the size of the tumour was significantly associated with an increased rate of local recurrence (p = 0.012). For N1M0 CCS (n = 18), the risk of mortality was significantly lower in patients who underwent surgery for both the primary tumour and lymph node metastases (HR 0.03 (95% CI 0.00 to 0.56); p = 0.020). For M1 CCS (n = 31), excision of the primary tumour was independently associated with better survival (HR 0.26 (95% CI 0.09 to 0.76); p = 0.013). There was no significant difference in survival between the different types of systemic treatment (p = 0.523).ConclusionComplete excision of the primary tumour and lymph nodes is associated with a better survival in patients with CCS. Systemic treatment appears to provide limited benefits, demonstrating a pressing need for novel systemic agents.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2023;105-B(11):1216–1225.