bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Effects of Hydrazine and Thermal Reduction Methods on Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Characteristics in Foamed Titanium Carbonitride MXene Films
Authors: Rahmati Reza , Salari Meysam , Ashouri‐Sanjani Mehran , Salehi Amirmehdi , Hamidinejad Mahdi , Park Chul B. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe urgent need for the development of micro‐thin shields against electromagnetic interference (EMI) has sparked interest in MXene materials owing to their metallic electrical conductivity and ease of film processing. Meanwhile, postprocessing treatments can potentially exert profound impacts on their shielding effectiveness (SE). This work comprehensively compares two reduction methods, hydrazine versus thermal, to fabricate foamed titanium carbonitride (Ti3CNTx) MXene films for efficient EMI shielding. Upon treatment of ≈ 100 µm‐thick MXene films, gaseous transformations of oxygen‐containing surface groups induce highly porous structures (up to ≈ 74.0% porosity). The controlled application of hydrazine and heat allows precise regulation of the reduction processes, enabling tailored control over the morphology, thickness, chemistry, and electrical properties of the MXene films. Accordingly, the EMI SE values are theoretically and experimentally determined. The treated MXene films exhibit significantly enhanced SE values compared to the pristine MXene film (≈ 52.2 dB), with ≈ 38% and ≈ 83% maximum improvements for the hydrazine and heat‐treated samples, respectively. Particularly, heat treatment is more effective in terms of this enhancement such that an SE of 118.4 dB is achieved at 14.3 GHz, unprecedented for synthetic materials. Overall, the findings of this work hold significant practical implications for advancing high‐performance, non‐metallic EMI shielding materials.
Design and Fabrication of Biomass Derived Black Carbon Modified g‐C3N4/FeIn2S4 Heterojunction as Highly Efficient Photocatalyst for Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Arif Nayab , Ma Yunfei , Zafar Muhammad Nadeem , Humayun Muhammad , Bououdina Mohamed , Zhang Su‐Yun , Zhang Qitao , Yang Xiaopeng , Liang Huawei , Zeng Yu‐Jia 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe environmental deterioration caused by dye wastewater discharge has received considerable attention in recent decades. One of the most promising approaches to addressing the aforementioned environmental issue is the development of photocatalysts with high solar energy consumption efficiency for the treatment of dye‐contaminated water. In this study, a novel low‐cost π–π biomass‐derived black carbon modified g‐C3N4 coupled FeIn2S4 composite (i.e., FeInS/BC‐CN) photocatalyst is successfully designed and fabricated that reveals significantly improved photocatalytic performance for the degradation of Eosin Yellow (EY) dye in aqueous solution. Under dark and subsequent visible light irradiation, the amount optimized composite reveals 99% removal performance for EY dye, almost three‐fold compared to that of the pristine FeInS and BC‐CN counterparts. Further, it is confirmed by means of the electron spin resonance spectrometry, quenching experiments, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, that the hydroxyl radicals (•OH) and superoxide radicals (•O2−) are the dominant oxidation species involved in the degradation process of EY dye. In addition, a systematic photocatalytic degradation route is proposed based on the resultant degradation intermediates detectedduring liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) analysis. This work provides an innovative idea for the development of advanced photocatalysts to mitigate water pollution.
Na Substitution Steering RuO6 Unit in Ruthenium Pyrochlores for Enhanced Oxygen Evolution in Acid
Authors: Shang Fanfan , Wang Bin , An Bei , He Huijie , Shui Yuan , Cai Hairui , Liang Chao , Yang Shengchun 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAlthough Ruthenium‐based pyrochlore oxides can function as promising catalysts for acidic water oxidation, their limitations in terms of stability and activity still need to be addressed for further application in practical conditions. In this work, the possibility to enhance both oxygen evolution reaction activity and durability of Gd2Ru2O7‐δ through partial replacement with Na+ in Gd3+ sites is first offered, leading to the electronic and geometric regulation of active center RuO6. Na+ triggers the emergence of Ru<4+ and the electron rearrangement of active‐centered RuO6. Specifically, Ru ions with a negative d‐band center after Na+ doping exhibit weaker adsorption energies of *O and result in the conversion of the rate‐limiting step from *O/*OOH to *OH/O*, reducing energy barriers for boosting activities. Therefore, the NaxGd2‐xRu2O7‐δ requires a low overpotential of 260 mV at 10 mA cm−2 in 0.1 m HClO4 electrolyte. Moreover, the higher formation energy of Ru vacancy and less distorted RuO6 enable the as‐prepared NaxGd2‐xRu2O7‐δ to operate steadily at 10 mA cm−2 for 300 h and multi‐current chronopotentiometry with current densities from 20 to 100 mA cm−2 for 60 h in acidic proton exchange membrane electrolyzer, respectively.
Induction of apoptosis and autophagy by dichloromethane extract from Patrinia scabiosaefolia Fisch on acute myeloid leukemia cells
Authors: Li Kejing , Mi Leyuan , Bai Xinyi , Lu Yuan , Zhang Ying , Li Juan , Pu Yudong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPatrinia scabiosaefolia Fisch (PS), a perennial herb belonging to the genus Pinus in the family Pinnacle Sauce, has been previously known for its analgesic, anti‐inflammatory, antibacterial, and antitumor properties. However, the specific mechanism behind its antileukemic effect remains unknown. This study focused on the cytotoxicity and potential modes of action of the dichloromethane extract from PS (DEPS) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. Our results demonstrated that DEPS reduced cell viability, arrested the cell cycle in the G2/M phase, disrupted the mitochondrial membrane potential, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and upregulated the expression of Bax/Bcl‐2 and Cleaved caspase‐3. However, the impact of DEPS on cell viability and the expression of apoptosis‐associated proteins was reversed upon pretreatment with the caspase‐3 inhibitor (Z‐DEVD‐FMK) in HL‐60 cells, which demonstrated that DEPS could induce apoptosis through the mitochondria‐associated apoptotic pathway. Interestingly, DEPS also influenced autophagy by upregulating the expression of LC3II/I, P62, and Beclin‐1 proteins, and the autophagy inhibition chloroquine(CQ) could attenuate the apoptotic effects of DEPS in HL‐60 cells. Furthermore, SMART 2.0 analysis predicted that the main components present in DEPS were likely terpenoids. In conclusion, DEPS possibly exerts antileukemic effects by downregulating the PI3K/AKT and ERK pathways, thereby promoting intracellular ROS production, activating the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, and affecting autophagy, providing valuable insights for the potential future application of PS in the treatment of AML.
Ex vivo investigation of betaine and boric acid function as preprotective agents on rat synaptosomes to be treated with Aβ (1–42)
Authors: Hacioglu Ceyhan , Kar Fatih , Ozbayer Cansu , Gundogdu Ayse Cakir 
Published: December 2023

AbstractRecent evidence suggests that ferroptosis, an iron‐dependent cell death process, may be involved in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. The study evaluated the therapeutic potential of betaine and boric acid (BA) pretreatment administered to rats for 21 days in AD. Then, the rats were sacrificed, and morphological and biochemical analyses were performed in brain tissues. Next, an ex vivo AD model was created by applying amyloid‐β (Aβ1‐42) to synaptosomes isolated from the brain tissues. Synaptosomes were analyzed with micrograph images, and protein and mRNA levels of ferroptotic markers were determined. Betaine and BA pretreatments did not cause any morphological and biochemical differences in the brain tissue. However, Aβ (1–42) administration in synaptosomes increased the levels of acyl‐CoA synthetase long chain family member‐4 (ACSL4), transferrin receptor‐1 protein (TfR1), malondialdehyde (MDA), and 8‐hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8‐OHdG) and decreased the levels glutathione peroxidase‐4 (GPx4) and glutathione (GSH). Moreover, ACSL4, GPx4, and TfR1 mRNA and protein levels were similar to the ELISA results. In contrast, betaine and BA pretreatments decreased the levels of ACSL4, TfR1, MDA, and 8‐OHdG in synaptosomes incubated with Aβ1‐42, while promoting increased levels of GPx4 and GSH. In addition, betaine and BA pretreatments completely reversed ACSL4, GPx4, and TfR1 mRNA and protein levels. Therefore, betaine and BA pretreatments may contribute to the prevention of neurodegenerative damage by supporting antiferroptotic activities.
Linear snowfall trails during freezing fog in South East England, 23 January 2023: evidence for anthropogenic snowfall
Authors: Mayes Julian 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAnthropogenic (industrial) snowfalls in the UK have hitherto been regarded as rare and extremely localised. This article analyses the distribution and possible causes of three ‘stripes’ of anthropogenic snow extending up to 10 km from the vicinity of London’s Heathrow airport on 23 January 2023. The early morning had been exceptionally cold at the airport, partly due to the relatively late arrival of freezing fog compared to other parts of the lower Thames valley. This is likely to have facilitated the formation of the snowfall by means of ice nuclei.
Rapid Cycling and Generation Advancement for Accelerated Mutation Breeding in Sorghum
Authors: Ghanim Abdelbagi M. A. , Ali Adel B. , Sen Ayşe , Ingelbrecht Ivan , Sivasankar Shoba 
Published: December 2023

AbstractRapid cycling techniques have become preferred methods in recent years to speed up the plant breeding process, especially for plant varieties recalcitrant to in vitro tissue culture. Manipulation of plant growth management of components such as pot size, irrigation, nutrition and light/day length can substantially accelerate the plant growth cycle from seed to harvest. In this chapter, we describe how to shorten the generation time of sorghum to have 4–6 generations per year to speed the plant breeding process including mutation breeding for resistance to Striga.
Physical Mutagenesis in Cereal Crops
Authors: Ghanim Abdelbagi M. A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe use of physical mutagens to induce heritable genetic variation in crop plants dates back to the beginning of the twentieth century. While X-rays were the first to be used for mutation induction in plants, gamma-rays have been the most widely used physical mutagen. Currently gamma induced mutations represents 60% of the registered mutant varieties in the Mutant Variety Database of the Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture. Beside gamma and X-rays, other physical mutagens include neutrons, beta particles, alpha particles, protons and ion beam. This chapter introduces the technique of physical mutagenesis with emphasis on gamma-ray and X-ray irradiation of seeds in cereals in the context of inducing genetic variation for resistance to the parasitic weed, Striga. Easy to follow step-by-step protocols are explained including sample preparation, treatment application and post-treatment handling of irradiated seeds. Data collection and graphic illustration are presented to estimate the optimum dose for bulk treatment to determine the radio-sensitivity of cereal crops. The last section briefly explains the development and handling of mutant populations by way of introduction to the rest of this book on mutation breeding in cereals for resistance to Striga.
Screening for Resistance to Striga Hermonthica in Mutagenized Sorghum and Upland Rice in Burkina Faso
Authors: Yonli Djibril , Nikiéma Philippe M. , Traoré Hamidou , Ghanim Abdelbagi M. A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractStriga hermonthica is a major production constraint to sorghum and upland rice in Burkina Faso due to poorly structured and nutrient deficient soils, unreliable rainfall and high temperatures that limit the cropping season. A mutation breeding project using gamma rays as the mutagen was undertaken to improve Striga resistance in these two cereal crops in farmer preferred varieties adapted to the unique challenges of Burkinabe agriculture. This chapter describes the screening protocols used to select sorghum and upland rice mutants with improved productivity over unmutagenized lines.
Striga Germination Stimulant Analysis
Authors: Thiombiano Benjamin , Floková Kristýna , Walmsley Aimee , Bouwmeester Harro J. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractStriga is a flowering parasitic plant that can infect a broad range of crops including sorghum, maize and rice. The life cycle of Striga is intricately linked to its host, using host derived signals to initiate germination and attach to its host. Host susceptibility to Striga is thus directly correlated to the production and exudation of these signals. In this chapter we discuss the strigolactones, the most important class of Striga germination stimulants. We review the structural diversity of the strigolactones, their transport and biological relevance in plant and rhizosphere, and their importance for host specificity. In addition, we describe methods to analyse germination stimulant production by a Striga host: how to, reproducibly, collect the root exudate of a host, how to process these exudates, partially purify them and analyse them using analytical chemistry or a high-throughput image analysis-based germination bioassay.
The outcomes of the most severe polytrauma patients: a systematic review of the use of high ISS cutoffs for performance measurement
Authors: Hardy Benjamin M. , Varghese Adrian , Adams Megan J. , Enninghorst Natalie , Balogh Zsolt J. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
This systematic review aimed to describe the outcomes of the most severely injured polytrauma patients and identify the consistent Injury Severity Score based definition of utilised for their definition. This could provide a global standard for trauma system benchmarking.

Methods
The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist was applied to this review. We searched Medline, Embase, Cochrane Reviews, CINAHL, CENTRAL from inception until July 2022. Case reports were excluded. Studies in all languages that reported the outcomes of adult and paediatric patients with an ISS 40 and above were included. Abstracts were screened by two authors and ties adjudicated by the senior author.

Results
7500 abstracts were screened after excluding 13 duplicates. 56 Full texts were reviewed and 37 were excluded. Reported ISS groups varied widely between the years 1986 and 2022. ISS groups reported ranged from 40–75 up to 51–75. Mortality varied between 27 and 100%. The numbers of patients in the highest ISS group ranged between 15 and 1451.

Conclusions
There are very few critically injured patients reported during the last 48 years. The most critically injured polytrauma patients still have at least a 50% risk of death. There is no consistent inclusion and exclusion criteria for this high-risk cohort. The current approach to reporting is not suitable for monitoring the epidemiology and outcomes of the critically injured polytrauma patients.

Level of evidence
Level 4—systematic review of level 4 studies.
Molecular Characterisation of Faecal Bacterial Assemblages Among Four Species of Syntopic Odonates
Authors: Morrill A. , Forbes M. R. , Vesterinen E. J. , Tamminen M. , Sääksjärvi I. E. , Kaunisto K. M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractFactors such as host species, phylogeny, diet, and both timing and location of sampling are thought to influence the composition of gut-associated bacteria in insects. In this study, we compared the faecal-associated bacterial taxa for three Coenagrion and one Enallagma damselfly species. We expected high overlap in representation of bacterial taxa due to the shared ecology and diet of these species. Using metabarcoding based on the 16S rRNA gene, we identified 1513 sequence variants, representing distinct bacterial ‘taxa’. Intriguingly, the damselfly species showed somewhat different magnitudes of richness of ZOTUs, ranging from 480 to 914 ZOTUs. In total, 921 (or 60.8% of the 1513) distinct ZOTUs were non-shared, each found only in one species, and then most often in only a single individual. There was a surfeit of these non-shared incidental ZOTUs in the Enallagma species accounting for it showing the highest bacterial richness and accounting for a sample-wide pattern of more single-species ZOTUs than expected, based on comparisons to the null model. Future studies should address the extent to which faecal bacteria represent non-incidental gut bacteria and whether abundant and shared taxa are true gut symbionts.
Graphical Abstract
Pictures of odonates adopted from Norske Art databank under Creative Commons License (CC BY 4.0).
Improving Agri-environmental Schemes: Suggestions from Farmers and Nature Managers in a Central European Region
Authors: Zindler Manuela , Haensel Maria , Fricke Ute , Schmitt Thomas M. , Tobisch Cynthia , Koellner Thomas 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAgri-environmental schemes (AES) are important policy instruments within the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) of the European Union for environmental protection. Due to the voluntary nature of AES, their attractiveness to farmers and stakeholders involved in nature management and protection (nature managers) is essential for high participation levels. This study aims to assess farmers’ and nature managers’ ideas to improve agri-environmental schemes. We analyzed suggestions of 825 farmers and 118 nature managers for improvements of AES collected in a large-scale survey in Bavaria, Germany. A content analysis was applied to categorize and compare suggestions by farmers (differentiated into two groups through a cluster analysis) and nature managers. The results reveal that stakeholders were highly willing to share ideas and made detailed suggestions for improvements and individual measures. They were aware of the importance of protecting nature and promoting biodiversity in agricultural landscapes and acknowledged the necessity of (financial) support programs. Farmers placed more emphasis on the practicability and profitability of measures on arable land, while nature managers tended to propose policy-related ideas focusing on nature protection, biodiversity, and specific species. Among farmers, suggestions differed with farm characteristics such as the operation mode (full-time, part-time). These findings can support the design of future AES, accounting for different background situations and thereby increasing acceptability. This includes considering perspectives from different stakeholder groups and creating regionally adapted programs with varying levels of flexibility and practicability.
Fusaric acid-evoked oxidative stress affects plant defence system by inducing biochemical changes at subcellular level
Authors: Iqbal Nadeem , Czékus Zalán , Ördög Attila , Poór Péter 
Published: December 2023

AbstractFusaric acid (FA) is one of the most harmful phytotoxins produced in various plant–pathogen interactions. Fusarium species produce FA as a secondary metabolite, which can infect many agronomic crops at all stages of development from seed to fruit, and FA production can further compromise plant survival because of its phytotoxic effects. FA exposure in plant species adversely affects plant growth, development and crop yield. FA exposure in plants leads to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which cause cellular damage and ultimately cell death. Therefore, FA-induced ROS accumulation in plants has been a topic of interest for many researchers to understand the plant–pathogen interactions and plant defence responses. In this study, we reviewed the FA-mediated oxidative stress and ROS-induced defence responses of antioxidants, as well as hormonal signalling in plants. The effects of FA phytotoxicity on lipid peroxidation, physiological changes and ultrastructural changes at cellular and subcellular levels were reported. Additionally, DNA damage, cell death and adverse effects on photosynthesis have been explained. Some possible approaches to overcome the harmful effects of FA in plants were also discussed. It is concluded that FA-induced ROS affect the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant system regulated by phytohormones. The effects of FA are also associated with other photosynthetic, ultrastructural and genotoxic modifications in plants.
Graphical abstract
Change in patellar height in medial and lateral unicompartmental knee arthroplasty: a clinical trial
Authors: D’Ambrosi Riccardo , Rubino Francesco , Ursino Chiara , Mariani Ilaria , Ursino Nicola , Formica Matteo , Prinz Julia , Migliorini Filippo 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Evidence on patellar height changes following unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) is lacking. Therefore, this study compared the patella height in patients who underwent medial versus lateral UKA. Moreover, a subgroup analysis was conducted to investigate whether sex, age, and BMI of the patients exert an influence on the postoperative patellar height.

Methods
Radiographs and hospital records of patients undergoing UKA were prospectively collected. Surgeries were performed by one author with long experience in UKA in a highly standardised fashion. The implants were fixed-bearing medial PPK (Zimmer Biomet, Warsaw, Indiana, USA) and fixed-bearing lateral ZUK (Lima Corporate, Udine, Italy). The patellar height was measured using the Insall–Salvati and Caton–Deschamps indices.

Results
A total of 203 patients were included: 119 patients were included in the medial and 84 in the lateral UKA. The mean age of the patients was 68.9 ± 6.7 years, and the mean BMI was 28.1 ± 4.1 kg/m2. 54% (110 of 203 patients) were women. On admission, between-group comparability was found in age, BMI, sex, and length of the follow-up. No between-group and within-group difference was detected pre- and post-operatively in the Insall–Salvati and Caton–Deschamps indices in patients who have undergone medial versus lateral UKA. Concerning the subgroup analyses, no between-group and within-group difference was detected pre- and post-operatively in all comparisons according to sex, age, and BMI.

Conclusion
No difference was found in patella height in patients who have undergone medial compared to lateral UKA. Furthermore, there was no evidence of an association between patient characteristics (sex, age, BMI) and patella height between medial and lateral UKA.
Molecular pathology of endocrine gland tumors: genetic alterations and clinicopathologic relevance
Authors: De Leo Antonio , Ruscelli Martina , Maloberti Thais , Coluccelli Sara , Repaci Andrea , de Biase Dario , Tallini Giovanni 
Published: December 2023

AbstractTumors of the endocrine glands are common. Knowledge of their molecular pathology has greatly advanced in the recent past. This review covers the main molecular alterations of tumors of the anterior pituitary, thyroid and parathyroid glands, adrenal cortex, and adrenal medulla and paraganglia. All endocrine gland tumors enjoy a robust correlation between genotype and phenotype. High-throughput molecular analysis demonstrates that endocrine gland tumors can be grouped into molecular groups that are relevant from both pathologic and clinical point of views. In this review, genetic alterations have been discussed and tabulated with respect to their molecular pathogenetic role and clinicopathologic implications, addressing the use of molecular biomarkers for the purpose of diagnosis and prognosis and predicting response to molecular therapy. Hereditary conditions that play a key role in determining predisposition to many types of endocrine tumors are also discussed.