bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of activity and severity of inflammatory bowel disease in cross-sectional imaging techniques: a systematic review
Authors: Dal Buono Arianna , Faita Francesco , Armuzzi Alessandro , Jairath Vipul , Peyrin-Biroulet Laurent , Danese Silvio , Allocca Mariangela 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background and aims
Cross-sectional imaging techniques, including intestinal ultrasonography (IUS), computed tomography enterography (CTE), magnetic resonance enterography (MRE), are increasingly used for the evaluation of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). We aimed to systematically review literature evidence on the assessment of disease activity, and/or severity through cross-sectional imaging in IBD patients, and to offer guidance on their most effective utilization.

Methods
We performed a systematic review of PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus to identify citations pertaining to the assessment of disease activity and/or severity at cross-sectional imaging techniques compared to a reference standard (ie, other radiological techniques, endoscopy, histopathology, and surgery) in IBD patients published until December 2023.

Results
Overall, 179 papers published between 1990 and 2023 were included, with a total of 10 988 IBD patients (9304 Crohn’s disease [84.7%], 1206 ulcerative colitis [11.0%], 38 IBD-U [0.3%], 440 unspecified [4.0%]). Of the 179 studies, 39 investigated IUS, 22/179 CTE, and 101/179 MRE. In the remaining papers, 2 techniques were addressed together. In 81.6% of the papers, endoscopy (with or without histopathology) was used as a reference standard. All studies included evaluated disease activity, while just over half (100/179, 55.8%) also evaluated disease severity of the addressed cross-sectional methodology. Pooled sensitivity, specificity, and overall accuracy of IUS, MRE, and CTE compared to the reference standard were 60%-99%, 60%-100%, and 70%-99%, respectively.

Conclusions
All cross-sectional imaging techniques demonstrated moderate-to-good accuracy in assessing disease activity and severity of IBD. This finding highlights the potential, especially for MRE and IUS to be widely utilized in managing IBD in both clinical practice and clinical trials.
Accelerated structural valve deterioration in systemic sclerosis patients following transcatheter aortic valve replacement: a case series
Authors: Avidan Yuval , Feld Joy , Aker Amir , Jaffe Ronen 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is marked by an excessive systemic accumulation of collagen. Recent literature implies that aortic stenosis is more prevalent in patients with SSc than previously thought. While there are limited feasibility studies on transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) in this population, the long-term outcomes remain uncertain.

Case summary
We report two cases of patients with SSc who developed early structural valve deterioration following TAVR, necessitating successful redo-TAVR procedures. Both patients exhibited extensive soft tissue calcinosis as a manifestation of their underlying condition.

Discussion
The fibrotic and calcific processes inherent to certain SSc subtypes could potentially adversely impact the durability and functionality of transcatheter aortic valves. Our observation highlights the need for vigilant post-procedural surveillance and individualized management strategies in this unique patient population. Further investigation into the mechanisms underlying valve degeneration in this patient subset is warranted. Nevertheless, redo-TAVR procedure appears to be a viable option.
Radical right populism and the media: evidence from the supply side and demand
side of political information in Germany
Authors: Stier Sebastian , Siegers Pascal , Breuer Johannes 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Hostile stances towards journalists and perceptions of media bias have become cornerstones of populist radical right identity formation. Despite a lively scholarly and public debate about the relation between populism and the media, a comprehensive account of the supply side of political information—radical right populist parties’ (RRPPs) communication—and the demand side—citizens’ information selection—is still missing. Focusing on the RRPP Alternative for Germany (AfD), this paper first establishes that its Twitter communication features more negative media-related cues and links to hyperpartisan news websites compared with the other major German parties. Self-reported media use from two high-quality surveys as well as a passive web tracking allow us to comprehensively characterize the information selection of AfD supporters. In line with the party’s media-related cues, people identifying with the AfD used alternative online sources more frequently amid less exposure to public broadcasting than supporters of other parties. Beyond Germany, media-related party cues and selective exposure by citizens might play an even more critical role in more polarized societies. More generally, the identified individual-level heterogeneity in media exposure is a scope condition that research on the aggregated societal effects of media coverage, e.g. on immigration, needs to consider.
Microbial engineering for monocyclic aromatic compounds production
Authors: Hu Guipeng , Gao Cong , Li Xiaomin , song Wei , Wu Jing 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Aromatic compounds serve pivotal roles in plant physiology and exhibit antioxidative and antimicrobial properties, leading to their widespread application, such as in food preservation and pharmaceuticals. However, direct plant extraction and petrochemical synthesis often struggle to meet current needs due to low yield or facing economic and environmental hurdles. In the past decades, systems metabolic engineering enabled eco-friendly production of various aromatic compounds, with some reaching industrial levels. In this review, we highlight monocyclic aromatic chemicals, which have relatively simple structures and are currently the primary focus of microbial synthesis research. We then discuss systems metabolic engineering at the enzyme, pathway, cellular, and bioprocess levels to improve the production of these chemicals. Finally, we overview the current limitations and potential resolution strategies, aiming to provide reference for future studies on the biosynthesis of aromatic products.
ZFIN updates to support zebrafish environmental exposure data
Authors: Bradford Yvonne M , Van Slyke Ceri E , Muyskens Jonathan B , Tseng Wei-Chia , Howe Douglas G , Fashena David , Martin Ryan , Paddock Holly , Pich Christian , Ramachandran Sridhar , Ruzicka Leyla , Singer Amy , Taylor Ryan , Westerfield Monte 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The Zebrafish Information Network (ZFIN, zfin.org) is the database resource for genetic, genomic, and phenotypic data from research using zebrafish, Danio rerio. ZFIN curates information about genetic perturbations, gene expression, phenotype, gene function, and human disease models from zebrafish research publications and makes these data available to researchers worldwide. Over the past 20 years, zebrafish have increasingly been used to investigate the effects of environmental exposures, becoming an ideal model to study toxicity, phenotypic outcomes, and gene-chemical interactions. Despite this, database resources supporting zebrafish toxicology and environmental exposure research are limited. To fill this gap, ZFIN has expanded functionality to incorporate and convey toxicology data better. ZFIN annotations for gene expression, phenotype, and human disease models include information about genotypes and experimental conditions used. One type of experimental condition the database captures is the application of chemicals to zebrafish. ZFIN annotates chemicals using the Chemical Entities of Biological Interest Ontology (ChEBI) along with the Zebrafish Experimental Conditions Ontology (ZECO) to denote route of exposure and other experimental conditions. These features allow researchers to search phenotypes and human disease models linked to chemicals more efficiently. Here, we discuss how experimental conditions are displayed on ZFIN web pages, the data displayed on chemical term pages, and how to search and download data associated with chemical exposure experiments.
Subsurface evolution of the seasonally frozen ground on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau from a perspective of seismic interferometry
Authors: Yu Chang , Wang Qing-Yu , Ma Jianxin , Yao Huajian 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The Tibetan Plateau, a critical region influencing both local and global atmospheric circulation, climate dynamics, hydrology and terrestrial ecosystems, is undergoing climate-driven changes, including glacial retreat, permafrost thaw and groundwater changes. Despite its importance, implementing continuous and systematic observations has been challenging due to the area’s high altitude and extreme climate conditions. In this context, seismic interferometry emerges as a cost-effective method for the continuous monitoring of subsurface structural changes driven by environmental factors and internal geophysical processes. We investigate subsurface evolution using four years of seismic data from nine stations on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau, by applying coda wave interferometry across multiple frequency bands. Our findings highlight seismic velocity changes within the frequency bands 5–10, 0.77–1.54, and 0.25–0.51 Hz, revealing depth-dependent seasonal and long-term changes. Near-surface and deeper strata exhibit similar seasonal patterns, with velocities increasing in winter and decreasing in summer driven by changes in hydrological processes, while intermediate ice-water phase strata show contrasting behaviour due to thermal elastic strain. Long-term trends suggest that the upper subsurface layer is affected by melting water and precipitation originating from Kunlun Mountains, whereas deeper layer reflect groundwater level variations influenced by climate change and human activities. This study provides insights into the environmental evolution of the Tibetan Plateau and its impact on managing local groundwater resources.
Segmentectomy for non-peripheral and peripheral small-sized non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Yang Zhen , Dai Jie , Wang Yao , Yang Fujun , Li Zhaoxun , Wu Yimu , Bian Dongliang , Sun Fenghuan , Jiang Gening 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
To compare the oncological outcomes of segmentectomy for non-peripheral versus peripheral small-sized non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

METHODS
This retrospective observational study included patients with clinical stage IA1-A2 NSCLC who underwent segmentectomy. Patients were separated based on tumour distance index (DI, which was calculated as the ratio of the distance from the entrance of the segmental bronchus to the proximal tumour margin to the distance to the lobar pleura along the same line): non-peripheral group (DI ≤ 2/3) and peripheral group (DI &gt; 2/3). Disease-free survival (DFS) and Overall survival (OS) were compared with log-rank tests.

RESULTS
850 patients were included, comprising 274 in the non-peripheral group and 576 in the peripheral group. Recurrence occurred in 68 patients (24 in the peripheral group and 44 in the non-peripheral group), and 56 patients died (22 in the peripheral group and 34 in the non-peripheral group). Log-rank tests showed no statistical differences in 5-year DFS (92.2% vs 91.2%) and 5-year OS (96.3% vs 93.6%) between two groups, but higher margin recurrence occurred in the non-peripheral group. Multivariable analysis revealed that age, tumour diameter, consolidation-to-tumour ratios (CTR), pathological subtype, and pathologic stage were independent risk factors for DFS. Subgroup analysis indicated that patients with a non-peripheral solid NSCLC had a worse 5-year DFS (62.1% vs 76.3%) and a higher margin recurrence rate (13.2% vs 2.0%).

CONCLUSIONS
Segmentectomy for small-sized non-peripheral NSCLC could gain a comparable outcome to the peripheral, but worse DFS and higher margin recurrence occurred in the non-peripheral solid NSCLC.
In vitro antimicrobial activity of nitroxoline against uropathogens isolated from China
Authors: Yi Xiaofei , Chen Xin , Lu Yanyan , Zhang Jianfeng , Chen Jinhong , Wang Minggui , Xu Xiaogang 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background and objectives
The antimicrobial nitroxoline is used in treating uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs) in some European countries. In vitro antimicrobial data on uropathogens from China are lacking. To investigate the activity of nitroxoline in vitro against uropathogens isolated from Chinese patients.

Methods
MICs of nitroxoline were determined using broth microdilution of 229 bacterial isolates of 10 species including Acinetobacter baumannii derived from urinary sample. The EUCAST susceptibility breakpoint for Escherichia coli (16 mg/L) was applied for all isolates. The MBC for A. baumannii (n = 34) was determined, with the MBC defined as the nitroxoline concentration at which a 99.9% reduction in the initial inoculum was observed. Time-kill curves of the two isolates of A. baumannii were tested over a 24 h period.

Results
Except for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, most isolates were susceptible to nitroxoline. The MIC50/90 values of nitroxoline for E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirabilis were 4/8, 8/32 and 8/16 mg/L, respectively. Among the Gram-negative isolates, nitroxoline demonstrated a better inhibitory effect against A. baumannii with an MIC50/90 value of 2/2 mg/L. The MBC of A. baumannii was equal to the MIC or one dilution higher. The time-kill curves of A. baumannii displayed concentration-dependent killing.

Conclusions
Nitroxoline showed excellent in vitro activity against uropathogens isolated from China and may be a good option for uncomplicated UTIs caused by A. baumannii, which are more challenging and have few clinical options. Further in vivo efficacy studies are needed.
The antitrust meme: intelligent design and the invisible hand of antitrust
Authors: Polański Jan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The consumer welfare standard is a hotly debated issue in antitrust enforcement. Some present it as an obstacle that prevents antitrust from being more responsive to pressing social issues and non-economic interests. Others defend it. While polarized, those discussions often share a common feature: they are intelligent design narratives. Still, arguments have also been made that much of antitrust results from more evolutionary, uncoordinated adaptations. In consequence, antitrust might not be easily changed by political fiat. This article investigates such a more organic way of looking at antitrust and asks what it may mean for attempts to change antitrust. It identifies possible ‘workability’ factors steering decision-makers towards a specific shape of antitrust. It argues, however, that while evolutionary developments may have an impact on antitrust, the specific course of those evolutionary movements is affected by the subjectivity of decision-makers. This subjectivity can be influenced by the general climate of opinion, cultural capture, and narrative preference. The article concludes that ideology should not be discarded as a force impacting antitrust, and that workability together with subjectivity-affecting factors can be seen as producing ‘antitrust memes’—something that at a given time people know they should spread.
Stutzerimonas stutzeri culture enhances microbial community structure and tomato seedling growth in saline soil
Authors: Li Linmei , Xue Bowei , Yan Shangbo , Shen Hui , Yang Yang , Fan Yiran , Zhang Ruiyang , Shen Weishou , Gao Nan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Aims
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) improve microbial community structure, promote crop growth, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions in agricultural soils; however, the effects of PGPR fermentation on the growth and salt tolerance of tomato plants remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of the PGPR Stutzerimonas stutzeri NRCB010 on the microbial communities, tomato growth, and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in saline soil by performing a greenhouse pot experiment.

Methods and results
The experiment was conducted under two soil salt concentrations (0 and 3 g kg−1 NaCl) and three treatments (LSFJ broth, NRCB010 cells, and NRCB010 culture). Both salt stress and NRCB010 treatments significantly affected the physicochemical properties and microbial community structure of tomato rhizosphere soil. Treatment with 3 g kg−1 NaCl significantly reduced the shoot and root dry weights of the plants compared with those of the control plants. Application of NRCB010 cells as well as that of culture promoted the growth of tomato seedlings and alleviated salt stress. The copy number changes in the nosZⅠ gene on day 3 and amoA gene on day 25 demonstrated that NRCB010 cells significantly reduced soil N2O emissions when treated with 0 g kg−1 NaCl. Furthermore, soil physicochemical properties, plant biomass, and soil microbial diversity were correlated with each other.

Conclusions
The results emphasize the enormous potential of S. stutzeri NRCB010 culture to resist abiotic stress, promote crop growth, and improve the rhizosphere soil microenvironment; however, its ability to decrease N2O emissions is constrained by soil salinity.
New insights into Sistani intellectual culture under the Saffarids
Authors: Czarnuszewicz Marc 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This article investigates patterns of scholarly patronage relating to Khalaf b. Aḥmad (r. 963–1003 ce, d. 1009), placing them in their broader Saffarid and regional contexts. Of the extant works we can link to Khalaf, a little studied medical text, the Kunnāsh, is arguably the single most insightful in exposing Khalaf as patron and in placing him in the context of earlier and later Saffarid and Sistani support for the medical sciences. The article argues that Khalaf being both an author of a work on dream interpretation and a patron of medical literature is not a combination unique to him. In fact, it fits rather well with the pattern of patronage activities of the Khwārazmshāhs in the early eleventh century. This study suggests that Eastern Iranian areas may have developed a greater degree of self-definition as intellectual centres of scholarship than previously acknowledged, and that this will have happened both through competition with one another and by retelling their legacies of past patronage.
Update for: New developments in systemic therapy for advanced biliary tract cancer
Authors: Morizane Chigusa , Ueno Makoto , Ikeda Masafumi , Okusaka Takuji , Ishii Hiroshi , Furuse Junji 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Biliary tract cancer, carcinoma of the extrahepatic bile ducts, carcinoma of the gallbladder, ampullary carcinoma, and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma are often identified at advanced stages. The standard therapy for advanced biliary tract cancer has been a combination of cytotoxic agents. Globally, gemcitabine plus cisplatin has been the standard first-line regimen, whereas gemcitabine plus cisplatin plus S-1 and gemcitabine plus S-1 have also been the standard regimens in Japan. Recently, treatment strategies have been updated. As first-line systemic therapy, the addition of an immune checkpoint inhibitor, such as durvalumab or pembrolizumab, to gemcitabine plus cisplatin has been shown to prolong overall survival compared with gemcitabine plus cisplatin. These combined immunotherapies are widely used in clinical practice as internationally standard first-line regimens. Regarding second-line treatment after a gemcitabine-based regimen, fluorouracil and folinic acid plus oxaliplatin have been the standard regimen. Additionally, FGFR2 fusion gene/rearrangement, mutations of IDH1/2, KRAS, and BRAF, and overexpression of HER2 are promising therapeutic targets for which the effectiveness of each targeted therapy has been reported, at this time, as a second-line or later treatment.
Molecular analysis of AmpC-producing Escherichia coli isolated from pediatric patients
Authors: Ogawa Eiki , Suzuki Masahiro , Sakurai Aki , Doi Yohei 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
AmpC-mediated cephalosporin resistance occurs in 1.0% to 3.3% of Escherichia coli isolates due to production of either plasmid-mediated AmpC (p-AmpC) or chromosomal AmpC (c-AmpC). Data on the prevalence and molecular characteristics of AmpC-producing E. coli in pediatric patients are limited.
We analyzed E. coli clinical strains with resistance phenotype consistent with AmpC production isolated from patients at a pediatric hospital in Japan between 2015 and 2022. Sequence types, resistance genes, and relevant mutations were identified through whole genome sequencing. Promoter and attenuator regions of the chromosomal ampC gene were examined and the presence of plasmid-mediated ampC genes was determined.
Among 2,081 E. coli strains, 80 (3.8%) from 27 patients demonstrated the AmpC phenotype. The median patient age was 55 months, with 92.6% having underlying diseases, mainly renal and urinary tract abnormalities. Of the 27 strains, p-AmpC was found in 9 strains including 6 strains belonging to ST131, while c-AmpC was identified in 18 strains including 9 ST73 strains and 4 ST12 strains.
ST131 and ST73 were the major AmpC-E. coli lineages isolated from children with underlying diseases. Most ST131 strains harbored p-ampC, while all ST73 strains acquired cephalosporin resistance by c-AmpC production through promoter and attenuator mutations, suggesting the presence of both AmpC mechanisms in a lineage-specific manner in E. coli identified among hospitalized children.
The 1.5°C global mean warming target: A climate change explainer
Authors: Stephenson David B , Garrett Andrew 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
What is the United Nations’ 1.5°C global mean warming target? In the first of an occasional series of explainers on the statistics and data underpinning our understanding of climate change, David B. Stephenson and Andrew Garrett answer some frequently asked questions. This first set of explainers focuses on the famous 1.5°C benchmark that is considered key to avoiding climate catastrophe.
How best to regulate voluntary assisted dying: a qualitative study of perceptions of Australian doctors and regulators
Authors: White Ben P , Haining Casey M , Willmott Lindy 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
It is widely accepted that voluntary assisted dying (VAD) should be regulated but little is known about the most effective way to regulate doctors in this setting. This article reports on empirical research conducted in two Australian states where VAD is lawful (Victoria and Western Australia). Interviews were conducted with 92 participants: one group comprised doctors providing VAD and the other group was regulators in this field. Participants were asked about how best to regulate doctors providing this service. Strikingly, both regulator and doctor participant groups were consistent with each other in their views on what constituted effective regulation. The nature of VAD was perceived by participants to require special regulation, although some felt this was overdone in these states. Reported features of effective regulation included regulators taking an educative approach, regulation being perceived as acceptable by doctors, and it being responsive and nimble to provide the guidance that doctors need. Participants also considered a range of regulatory tools were required to regulate VAD effectively, and some identified a need for these tools to be employed together in a holistic way. This article concludes with a set of principles for effective regulation of VAD, discerned from the views of participants.