bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Turnip (Brassica rapa L. ssp. rapifera Metzg.) population improvement and cultivar production
Authors: Bradshaw J. E. , Gemmell D. J. , Gowers S. , Wilson R. N. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIn 1977, a fodder turnip breeding programme was started from seven cultivars with the primary aim of increasing dry‐matter yield. The breeding method chosen was population improvement by half‐sib family selection on a biennial cycle. Seed production in polythene tunnels with blowflies as pollinators was followed by assessing the resulting progenies in replicated yield trials and observation plots from which plants were selected for the next cycle. Six generations of selection resulted in a population with a yield that was 25% higher than the mean of the initial seven cultivars. This was remarkably close to the predicted superiority of the population, despite a significant discrepancy in one generation. It is concluded that the greatest response to selection per year would be achieved by selecting eight families from 128 assessed for 1 year in trials at two or three sites with an overall total of six replicates, given a resource limit of 800 plots.
Inheritance of resistance to wheat midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana, in spring wheat
Authors: McKenzie R. I. H. , Lamb R. J. , Aung T. , Wise I. L. , Barker P. , Olfert O. O. , McIntosh R. I. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractInheritance of resistance to a wheat midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana (Géhin), was investigated in spring wheats derived from nine resistant winter wheat cultivars. F1 hybrids were obtained from crosses between resistant winter wheats and susceptible spring wheats, and used to generate doubled haploid populations. These populations segregated in a ratio of 1:1 resistant to susceptible, indicating that a single gene confers the resistance. The F2 progeny from an intercross among spring wheats derived from the nine resistance sources did not segregate for resistance. Therefore, the same gene confers resistance in all nine sources of resistance, although other genes probably affect expression because the level of resistance varied among lines. Heterozygous plants from five crosses between diverse susceptible and resistant spring wheat parents all showed intermediate levels of response, indicating that resistance is partly dominant. Susceptible plants were reliably discriminated from heterozygous or homozygous resistant ones in laboratory tests, based on the survival and development of wheat midge larvae on one or two spikes. This powerful resistance gene, designated Sm1, is simply inherited and can be incorporated readily into breeding programmes for spring or winter wheat. However, the use of this gene by itself may lead to the evolution of a virulent population, once a resistant cultivar is widely grown.
Stylar ribonucleases in almond: correlation with and prediction of incompatibility genotypes
Authors: Bǒskovic R. , Tobutt K. R. , Batlle I. , Duval H. , Martinez‐Gomez P. , Gradziel T. M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractTo clarify incompatibility relationships among almond cultivars, 35 were analysed for stylar ribonucleases, which have previously been shown to correlate with incompatibility S alleles. Stylar proteins were extracted and separated electrophoretically and the zymograms compared with ladders of ribonucleases corresponding to the 12 S alleles previously reported. Sixteen cultivars showed a band corresponding to two of the known ribonucleases, 17 showed one known ribonuclease and one ‘new’ band, and two showed two new bands. Twelve new ribonucleases were detected; 11 were attributed to new S alleles (S13 to S23) and a mutant form of S7 was attributed to S7A. Genotypes were proposed for nine cultivars of five incompatibility groups that had not been genotyped previously, VII, X, XI, XII and XIII. Twenty‐four cultivars of unknown incompatibility relationships were provisionally genotyped: six of these could be assigned to existing groups and two new groups were established, XIV and XV, along with group O of cultivars with unique genotypes. Test crosses confirmed that eight pairs of cultivars showing similar zymograms were indeed cross‐incompatible, including the two representatives of each of the two new groups. Virtually all self‐incompatible cultivars of known genotype are listed in a table. The data should be useful for planning cultivar combinations for orchards and for designing crosses for breeding programmes.
Attainment of Puberty in the European Mouflon (Ovis gmelini musimon) and the Domestic Manchega Ewe (Ovis aries)
Authors: Moreno J Santiago , Brunet A Gomez , de Bulnes A Gonzalez , Villar D , Sebastian A Lopez 
Published: March 2003

ContentsThe onset of puberty was assessed from plasma progesterone profiles for Mouflon (n = 8) and Manchega (n = 7) female lambs born in April. Four Mouflons exhibited their first ovulation at a mean date of 27 November ± 1.4 days, the mean age being 248.5 ± 3.9 days and the mean body weight 23.8 ± 0.6 kg. The remaining four Mouflons, which had a slower growth rate, attained puberty during the autumn of the following year. Five of seven Manchega lambs attained puberty in their first year at a mean date of 5 Oct ± 3.3, the mean age being 185.6 ± 2.6 days and the mean body weight 41.8 ± 2.0 kg. The mean live‐weight at the onset of puberty was 65.1 and 82% (p < 0.05) of adult body weights for Manchega and Mouflons, respectively. Overall, the results indicate that there is a threshold of body‐weight necessary for the attainment of puberty in the first breeding season for spring‐born lambs, which is very different between both Mouflon and Manchega. When body weight was below 23.8 ±0.6 and 41.8 ± 2.0 kg for Mouflon and Manchega lambs, respectively, first ovulation did not occur until the beginning of the next breeding season. The onset of puberty during the second year of life occurred within the specific reproductive seasons for Mouflon (October–April) and Manchega (July–March) ewes, despite minimal further growth.
Secretory Profiles of Pregnancy‐Associated Glycoproteins at Different Stages of Pregnancy in the Goat
Authors: Gonzalez F , Sulon J , Garbayo Jm , Batista M , Cabrera F , Calero Po , Gracia A , Beckers Jf 
Published: March 2003

ContentsPlasma concentrations of pregnancy‐associated glycoproteins (PAG) were determined in goats during pregnancy by two homologous radioimmunoassays that employed caprine PAG55+62 (caPAG55+62) and caprine PAG55+59 (caPAG55+59) and their specific antisera. The effects of fetal number on PAG concentrations were analysed. The concentrations of caPAG55+62 were higher than that of caPAG55+59 throughout pregnancy (p <0.05). Both caPAG55+62 and caPAG55+59 reached maximal levels in week 8 (48.6 ± 5.0 and 30.4 ± 4.3 ng/ml, respectively), decreased between weeks 12 and 14 (45.5 ± 2.5 to 31.9 ± 2.7 ng/ml and 30.6 ± 2.1 to 15.8 ± 2.8 ng/ml, respectively, p <0.01) and remained relatively constant until parturition. Twin‐bearing goats had higher PAG concentrations than single‐bearing animals, but the difference was only significant in week 4 (52.3 ± 3.7 versus 30.9 ± 3.9 ng/ml and 18.9 ± 1.7 versus 12.6 ± 2.0 ng/ml, for caPAG55+62 and caPAG55+59, respectively, p <.,0.05). This is the first study of PAG concentrations in goat throughout pregnancy by a homologous radioimmunoassay system. The profiles of caPAG55+62 and caPAG55+59 were closely parallel. Concentrations of PAG were lower than those obtained by a heterologous radioimmunoassay and their patterns were also different, due to a different specificity of the antisera used in heterologous system. Goats that delivered twins had higher PAG concentrations at the time of implantation than those that delivered a single fetus, indicating that PAG concentrations provide a useful measure of the trophoblast secretory activity.
Low Molecular Mass Factors from Follicular Fluid Inhibit Steroidogenesis in Bovine Granulosa Cells
Authors: Baratta M , Jokic F , Basini G , Tamanini C 
Published: March 2003

ContentGonadotropins are required for follicular growth and differentiation, but increasing amounts of evidence indicate that intrafollicular factors modulate their effects at granulosa cell level. In order to study the effect of factors present in bovine follicular fluid, a partial purification of low molecular mass factors from fluids collected from small (< 5 mm), medium (5–8 mm) and large (> 8 mm) follicles was performed and the biological activity of these peptides on steroidogenesis of granulosa cells from small and large follicles was examined. The purification was carried out by filtration through membranes in 25 and 10 kDa molecular weight cutoffs. After filtration, samples were analysed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and protein concentration was measured by spectrophotometric analysis. Granulosa cells from small and large follicles were cultured in serum‐free DMEM/Ham's F12 (1 : 1) plus transferrin (5 mg/l) and selenium (5 µg/l) for 2 days. At the end of the culture period, media were renewed and follicular extracts from two different preparations (< 25 and < 10 kDa) were added at the concentrations of 1–10–100–1000 ng/ml. After 24 h the media were collected and stored until estradiol 17β (E2) and progesterone (P4) determination by validated radio‐immuno‐assays. Basal P4 production was 18.3 ± 1.4 (mean ± SEM)and 9.8 ± 1.8 ng/24 h per 3 × 104 cells from small and large follicles, respectively. Both < 10 and < 25 kDa extracts reduced P4 production by cells from both the types of follicles (p < 0.05). Basal E2 release was 671.8 ± 21.4 and 5500 ± 800 pg/24 h per 3 × 104 cells from small and large follicles, respectively. Both extracts reduced E2 production by either cells from small and large follicles (p < 0.05). No differences were observed in the inhibition of steroidogenesis by purifications obtained from large, medium or small follicles. Results of this study indicate that factors present in bovine follicular fluid can reduce steroidogenesis in granulosa cells in vitro.
Proteins and Enzymes in Uterine Lavage Fluid of Postpartum and Nonparturient Mares
Authors: Reilas T , Katila T 
Published: March 2003

ContentsUterine lavage fluids from postpartum and nonparturient mares were compared to determine when the normal secretory capacity of the postpartum uterus is restored. Lavage fluids were obtained from cyclic nonparturient mares on the second, fourth or fifth day of oestrus, and 3, 8, or 14 days after ovulation (seven mares/sampling day). Twelve intact postpartum mares were sampled 1 to 28 days postpartum (group A: 1, 6, 12 and 20; group B: 2, 8, 14 and 24; group C: 4, 10, 16 and 28 days postpartum; four mares/group). Three ovariectomized (OVX) postpartum mares were sampled as mares in group C. Samples were analysed for neutrophils, bacteria, total protein concentration, proteolytic and antiproteolytic activities and for various lysosomal enzyme activities. In nonparturient mares, activities of acid phosphatase, β‐glucuronidase (B‐Gase), and N‐acetyl‐β‐D‐glucosaminidase (NAGase) in uterine lavage fluids were significantly higher in mid‐ and late‐dioestrus than in mid‐ to late‐oestrus (p < 0.05). Lysozyme concentration, trypsin‐inhibitor capacity (TIC), and plasmin activity were below the detection limit in nonparturient mares. One to four days postpartum, total protein, acid phosphatase, B‐Gase, and NAGase were high but declined rapidly thereafter. Lysozyme and plasmin activities were high 1 to 6 days postpartum. TIC peaked around day 6 postpartum. On day 16 postpartum, acid phosphatase, B‐Gase, and NAGase, being progesterone‐dependent, tended to be higher in intact mares than in OVX ones (p < 0.1). Total protein and lysozyme concentrations, TIC, and B‐Gase (p < 0.01) and acid phosphatase (p < 0.05) activities were significantly higher in parturient mares during postpartum oestrus than in oestrous nonparturient mares. High total protein concentration and TIC, and detectable lysozyme and plasmin activities during postpartum oestrus were associated with uterine inflammation. During dioestrus, differences between postpartum and nonparturient mares were not statistically significant and suggested that the endometrium of postpartum mares had resumed its normal secretory capacity by this time.
Tumour Necrosis factor‐α Receptors are Present in the Corpus Luteum Throughout the Oestrous Cycle and During the Early Gestation Period in Pigs
Authors: Miyamoto Y , Sakumoto R , Sakabe Y , Miyake M , Okano A , Okuda K 
Published: March 2003

ContentsTo determine the physiological significance of tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNFα) in the regulation of luteal functions in pig, this study was conducted to identify the presence of functional TNFα receptors in porcine corpora lutea (CL) throughout the oestrous cycle and the early gestation. The CL were isolated from pigs on days 4, 6, 8, 12 or 15 of the oestrous cycle (n=3; day 0 = oestrus) and days 15, 20 or 25 of gestation (n=3; day 0 = mating). A Scatchard analysis revealed the presence of a high‐affinity binding site for TNFα in all samples (dissociation constant; 2.7 ± 0.51 to 5.8 ± 0.50 nM). The concentration of TNFα receptors was higher on day 15 of the oestrous cycle than on days 4 and 8 of the oestrous cycle (p < 0.05). Furthermore, TNFα receptor concentrations in the CL on days 15, 20 and 25 of gestation were significantly lower than on day 15 of the oestrous cycle (p < 0.05). On day 9 of the oestrous cycle, exposure of cultured luteal cells to 0.06–60 nM TNFα stimulated prostaglandin (PG) F2α and PGE2 secretion in a dose‐dependent manner (p < 0.05). These results indicate that functional TNFα receptors are present in the porcine CL throughout the oestrous cycle and early gestation, and suggest that TNFα plays one or more physiological roles in regulating CL function throughout the oestrous cycle and the early gestation period. In addition, TNFα receptor concentration in the CL of the late luteal stage (day 15) of the oestrous cycle was higher than on the respective day in the early pregnant pig, suggesting that TNFα plays a role in accomplishing luteolysis in the porcine CL.
Changing the mental health nursing culture: The nursing clinical development unit approach
Authors: Happell Brenda , Martin Trish 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT:Developments in nursing as a profession have been accompanied by a perceived need to increase the relevance of research to nursing practice. The increased exposure to research in nursing curricula and the development of nursing academia has had little impact on either the conduct of clinical research or its utilization within the work place culture. Nursing Clinical Development Units (NCDU) were established with the view to overcoming some of these barriers through partnerships between academia and the clinical field. The aim of NCDU is to strive for improved patient outcomes. Education and research activities should be directed to achieve this patient‐orientated outcome. The aim of this paper is to describe the NCDU program introduced by the Centre for Psychiatric Nursing Research and Practice (CPNRP) in Melbourne, Victoria. The way in which the program is designed to facilitate the relationship between CPNRP and the clinical field with the aim of contributing to improved patient outcomes will be emphasized. An evaluation of the program to date suggests that such links will be strengthened, and that this partnership will contribute to a greater involvement in clinically based research.
Meaning‐making for family carers in nursing homes
Authors: Kellett Ursula M 
Published: March 2003

Kellett UM. International Journal of Nursing Practice 1998; 4: 113–119 Meaning‐making for family carers in nursing homes This ontological hermeneutic study highlights the importance of understanding the human experience of family caring. In contrast to much family caregiving research which focuses upon the home care situation, this study involved in‐depth audiotaped conversational interviews and observations with 14 family carers who continue to care within a nursing home context. Thematic analysis of the transcribed interviews/field notes uncovered a number of common themes of meaning which highlight the nature of family caring experience in nursing homes. Discussion of such findings will challenge practitioners to reconceptualise the nurse–resident–family carer relationship, appreciate the many ways in which a family member’s involvement in care provides meaning and significance in their lives, and understand family carers through a process of human relating which fosters families’ meaningful involvement in caring within a nursing home context.
Anticoagulant therapy, anti‐platelet agents and gastrointestinal endoscopy
Authors: Miller Ashley , Mcgill Darryl , Bassett Mark 
Published: March 2003

Background: The increasing use of anticoagulant therapy and anti‐platelet agents in the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular, cerebrovascular and venous thromboembolic disease has increased the need for guidelines for managing these agents prior to gastrointestinal endoscopy, particularly if therapeutic manoeuvres are required. The continuation of anticoagulant therapy increases the risk of haemorrhagic complications of gastrointestinal endoscopy. Temporary suspension of anticoagulant therapy exposes the patient to the risk of thromboembolism associated with the underlying condition requiring anticoagulant treatment. Conclusions: This article reviews the literature and proposes guidelines for the management of patients taking anticoagulant and anti‐platelet agents who require gastrointestinal endoscopy.
CASE REPORT: Effect of venesection on bone mineral density in an eugonadal woman with haemochromatosis
Authors: Hibbert EJ , Fulcher GR , Coyle L , Gates F , Clifton‐Bligh P , Stiel D 
Published: March 2003

Background: A 41‐year‐old premenopausal woman with newly diagnosed haemochromatosis was found to have osteopenia on screening bone mineral densitometry. Methods and Results: Liver biopsy showed grade 3 haemochromatosis with an hepatic iron index of 4. Investigation for secondary factors for osteopenia revealed no cause. The patient was clinically and biochemically eugonadal. Following venesection of 8 L blood (4 g iron) over 17 months and calcium supplementation, her bone density rose significantly. Neck of femur bone density increased by 6.0% over 13 months and lumbar vertebral bone density increased by 7.2%. There are no previous reports of response of bone density to venesection in eugonadal patients or in women with haemochromatosis.
Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis
Authors: Jacquemin Emmanuel 
Published: March 2003

Abstract Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC), also known as Byler disease, is an inherited disorder of childhood in which cholestasis of hepatocellular origin often presents in the neonatal period and leads to death from liver failure before adolescence. The pattern of appearance of affected children within families is consistent with autosomal recessive inheritance. Several studies have provided support for the heterogeneity of this clinical entity suggesting the existence of different types due to different disorders affecting the hepatocyte and related to defects of bile acid secretion or bile acid metabolism. Recent molecular and genetic studies have identified genes responsible for three types of PFIC and have shown that PFIC was related to mutations in hepatocellular transport system genes involved in bile formation. These findings now provide specific diagnostic tools for the investigation of children with PFIC and should allow prenatal diagnosis in the future. Genotype–phenotype correlations performed in patients treated with ursodeoxycholic acid or biliary diversion should allow those PFIC patients who could benefit from these therapies to be precisely identified. In the future, other therapies, such as cell and gene therapies, might be considered and could also represent an alternative to liver transplantation.© 1999 Blackwell Science Asia Pty Ltd
Coincident increase in periportal expression of iron proteins in the iron‐loaded rat liver
Authors: Basclain Kerrie , Jeffrey Gary 
Published: March 2003

Background: The liver is the major iron storage organ in the body and, as a result, total body iron stores closely regulate hepatocyte iron uptake, storage and release. Transferrin, transferrin receptor and ferritin facilitate these processes. Methods: Expression of the three proteins was localized by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization on normal, iron‐loaded and iron‐deficient rat livers. Gel shift assays were used to determine iron regulatory protein (IRP) binding activity. Results: In the normal rat liver, all three proteins and mRNA were evenly distributed throughout the hepatic lobule. In iron‐loaded liver, increased iron stores were found in a periportal distribution, coinciding with increased periportal protein levels of each protein. Periportal transferrin and ferritin mRNA levels were also increased. Hepatic transferrin and transferrin receptor expression was increased in iron deficiency compared with controls; however, despite no change in ferritin mRNA levels being found, ferritin protein was not detected. Hepatic IRP2 binding activity was decreased in iron loading and increased in iron deficiency. Conclusion: The combined findings of this study were that, in the dietary iron‐loaded rat model, increased iron stores were localized to periportal hepatocytes and that these same hepatocytes also had increased ferritin, transferrin receptor and transferrin protein expression. This response suggests that additional, non‐IRP control mechanisms may be involved in the regulation or stability of these proteins. In iron deficiency the inverse post‐transcriptional regulation of ferritin and transferrin receptor was consistent with IRP regulation.
Peptic ulcer and gastritis in uraemia, with particular reference to the effect of Helicobacter pylori infection
Authors: Kang Jy , Ho Ky , Yeoh Kg , Guan R , Wee A , Lee E , Lye Wc , Leong So , Tan Cc 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Aims
: To determine: (i) the prevalence of histological gastritis and peptic ulcer; and (ii) the clinical features of peptic ulcer, in patients with end‐stage renal failure.
Methods
: Upper endoscopy was performed by a single observer in 268 patients with end‐stage renal failure over a 6‐year period. Gastric histology and Helicobacter pylori status were studied in 40 consecutive subjects in whom there were no contraindications for gastric biopsy and who had not used antibacterial drugs in the preceding 4 weeks. As there are only limited data for healthy volunteers in Singapore, 33 age‐, sex‐ and race‐matched patients with functional dyspepsia from an earlier drug trial and 18 healthy volunteers who were not age‐matched were used as controls. The clinical features of 43 consecutive uraemic patients with peptic ulcer were compared with those of 118 consecutive non‐uraemic peptic ulcer patients seen by the same author.
Results
: Among uraemic patients, histological gastritis was less common, compared with healthy volunteers and functional dyspepsia patients. Helicobacter pylori infection as assessed by histology was also less common among uraemic patients compared with functional dyspepsia patients, but the difference was not statistically significant on serological assessment. Uraemic patients with ulcer had an equal sex ratio, in contrast to a male preponderance among peptic ulcer patients with normal renal function. Uraemic patients with ulcer were more likely to be pain‐free, to present with haemorrhage, to have multiple ulcers and postbulbar duodenal ulcers, but were less likely to have H. pylori infection. Among uraemic subjects, the prevalence of H. pylori infection was similar whether or not peptic ulcer was present.
Conclusions
: The prevalence of histological gastritis was lower in uraemic patients when compared with patients with functional dyspepsia and healthy volunteers. Peptic ulcers in uraemic subjects have different clinical characteristics from peptic ulcer in non‐uraemic subjects.