bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of High-Frequency Dynamics of a Reacting Jet in Crossflow Based on Large Eddy Simulation
Authors: Bonnaire Philip , Polifke Wolfgang 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Distributed combustion systems have shown the potential to reduce emissions as well as increase load and fuel flexibility. A characteristic feature of such systems is a reacting jet in crossflow, which exhibits complex vortical structures. In this paper, a generic combustion chamber with elliptic reacting jets in crossflow is examined, operating under lean-premixed conditions at elevated pressure and exhibiting high-frequency transverse mode shapes. It can be seen that depending on the orientation of the elliptical shape of the jet to the crossflow, thermoacoustic modes can be suppressed. A multidimensional fast Fourier transform shows that low aspect ratios (major axis of the jet aligned with the crossflow) result in the mixed 1L1T mode of first longitudinal and first transverse structure, while this mode disappears at high aspect ratios. To get a more detailed insight into the different vortex systems of the various aspect ratios, dynamic mode decomposition is applied. This modal decomposition technique reveals for low aspect ratios a shear layer mode that oscillates at a frequency close to the acoustic mixed mode. For this configuration, a mode representing a flapping motion is also identified. For high aspect ratios, the shear layer vortex increases its frequency and a higher-frequent mode appears in the acoustic spectrum.
Reduced Order Model of Nonlinear Structures for Turbomachinery Aeroelasticity
Authors: Flament Théo , Deü Jean-François , Placzek Antoine , Balmaseda Mikel , Tran Duc-Minh 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis work concerns the numerical modeling of geometric nonlinear vibrations of slender structures in rotation using an original reduced order model based on the use of dual modes along with the implicit condensation method. This approach is an improvement of the classical ICE method in the sense that the membrane stretching effect is taken into account in the dynamic resolution. The dynamics equations are first presented and the construction of the reduced order model (ROM) is then proposed. The second part of the paper deals with numerical applications using the finite element method, first for a three-dimensional cantilever beam, then for an Ultra-High Bypass Ratio (UHBR) fan blade subject to aerodynamic loads. In the applications considered, the proposed method predicts more accurately the geometrically nonlinear behavior than the ICE method.
Measurement of Temperature and Load Versus Bearing Displacement in a Thrust Foil Bearing: Differences Between Light Load and High Load Operation
Authors: San Andrés Luis , Duran-Castillo Azael , Jauregui Juan , de Santiago Oscar , Lubell Daniel 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This paper presents a test rig for evaluation of gas thrust foil bearings (GTFBs) and details measurements of load capacity conducted with a commercial GTFB comprising a single 360 deg, 0.127 mm thick top foil divided into six continuous arc segments with a formed taper of 0.102 mm. Coated with Teflon®, the top foil rests on a stack of shims above six underspring structures, each comprising three strips of bump foils, 0.102 mm thick. Measurements include the applied static load and break-away torque, rotor speed, bearing axial displacements at three locations 120 deg apart, the flow of a cooling stream, and temperatures in and out of the bearing. Static load tests produce the underspring deformation and a dry-sliding friction coefficient f ∼ 0.12. The underspring is rather flexible though quickly hardening for specific load (P*) &gt; 25 kN/m2 to reach an ultimate deformation of ∼0.320 mm. Measurements at 30 krpm (OD surface speed = 111 m/s) and increasing static loads produce bearing displacements that parallel the displacements without shaft rotation. Most importantly, the difference between displacements approaches ∼0.060 mm for P* &gt; 45 kN/m2. The test bearing operated safely to P* = 90 kN/m2 and failed at P* = 120 kN/m2. When heavily loaded, the GTFB is significantly stiffer than when lightly loaded. Designed for easiness of installation and operation, the test bearing demonstrated a stable and repeatable performance with likely a uniform gap or film thickness even for the largest loads applied.
Analysis of Vibration and Acoustic Response of the Solid State Drive Due to the Vibration of Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors With Blocked Force Method
Authors: Kim Wheejae , Park Youngjin , Park No-Cheol 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
A multilayer ceramic capacitor (MLCC) vibrates when a pulse signal or a periodic signal is applied due to the piezoelectric characteristics of the MLCC, which causes structural resonance and acoustic noise in the Solid State Drive (SSD). Since MLCC is attached to the SSD through solders, the vibration of MLCC can be treated as a complex input to the SSD in which normal force and moment are combined. If the excitation force and moment of the MLCC can be substituted into simplified nodal forces, the vibration and acoustic noise response of the PCB due to the location and direction of the MLCC can be efficiently calculated and analyzed. In this study, the vibration and acoustic noise of the SSD due to the vibration of the MLCC were calculated in various methods. By the blocked force method, the excitation force and moment of the MLCC was obtained. Then, the excitation force and moment of the MLCC were replaced by equivalent nodal forces. Vibration of SSD due to MLCC excitation was calculated with the mode superposition method. The radiated sound was estimated from the radiation resistance matrix and the surface velocity of the SSD by the discrete calculation method. Finally, the vibration and acoustic noise response by simplified nodal forces were compared with the response by piezoelectric analysis of MLCC and PCB.
Multi-Material 4D Printing Technology of Masks via the Inverse Design of Fully Convolutional Network Models
Authors: Lin Yan-Ting , Chiu Yi-Hung , Xu Yi-Xian , Huang Yu-Ting , Juang Jia-Yang 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Fabricating free-standing 3D surfaces using conventional 3D printing technology often requires much supporting material, which is later discarded and hence wasted. Moreover, using supporting material tends to rough the printed surfaces, and removing it can damage the printed parts. By contrast, 4D printing can create 3D surfaces without needing supporting material. By integrating active material into the 3D printing, 4D printing allows the printed structure to re-deform through external stimuli, such as heating. Because of this characteristic, 4D printing can achieve shape-morphing from the designed 2D grid into the target 3D gridshell. In this work, we utilize multi-material 4D printing technology to fabricate face-like masks. We first print a 2D grid consisting of rectangular arranged double-layered segments; each segment has four different material combinations, in which each layer is made of either shape memory polymer (SMP55) or PLA. Based on those different material combinations, 4D printing can generate corresponding deformation modes as SMP55 shrinks by heating to release the residual stress stored during 3D printing. Lastly, a highly complex human-face mask gridshell can be achieved by controlling the deformed grid’s global and local curvature through the material combination of each segment and their distribution. The inverse design from the target 3D gridshell to the initial 2D grid is challenging due to the high nonlinearity of the deformation mechanism. To solve this problem, we use a deep learning model: fully convolutional networks (FCNs) to automate the inverse design process. This study uses human-face and Noh (a traditional Japanese art) masks as examples. First, we divide the human-face mask 2D grids into several parameters to generate random 2D human-face mask grid designs, which can be converted to corresponding depth images as 60,000 datasets after simulating their heat deformation processes by finite element method (FEM). Next, the depth images are used for training the FCN model that executes image segmentation tasks for inverse design, and then we can use Noh mask depth images to verify the validity of trained FCN models. Finally, although the average similarity of human-face masks between using 4D printing and the target is 0.9, the trained FCN model does not perform well for Noh masks since human-face masks’ parameters cannot describe Noh masks adequately. In conclusion, our 4D printing technology successfully demonstrates the feasibility and potential to generate complex 3D curved structures.
Design and Implementation for the High Efficiency Hardware Accelerator Applied to the Compensation of IR Drop on AMOLED Panel
Authors: Su Tai-Chi , Hsu Jen-Yi , Chao Paul C.-P. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This work proposes an external real-time compensation method based on a look-up table to compensate for the IR drop. With the trend of 3C products increasing screen size and resolution, the decline of panel uniformity has become a problem that must be solved. In this work, the matrix is established with the equivalent circuit model of the panel. The voltage drop of different brightness is calculated iteratively according to the electrical properties of TFT and OLED to correct the preset Vdatas of the original brightness and store it in the look-up table. The uniformity after compensation is verified by 9 points. Experimental results show that IR Drop prediction error controlled within 3.8%, and the uniformity after compensation reached 99.647%.
Sudden Cardiac Arrest Due to VT/VF Classification Based on Heart Rate Variability and Classification Model Hardware Design
Authors: Pan Sheng-Yueh , Tsai Cheng-Han , Chao Paul C.-P. , Nguyen Duc Huy 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Sudden cardiac arrest/death (SCA/SCD) is a disease that the heart cannot pump the blood effectively, so the blood flow loses rapidly. The patient may lose consciousness in an hour without appropriate treatment, and may take the patient’s life within minutes. Heart Rate Variability (HRV) is an electrocardiography (ECG) that uses QRS wave detection to calculate the R wave interval (R-R Interval, RRI), and uses the R wave interval to extract the time domain, frequency domain, and nonlinear characteristics of the heart rhythm. This work presents a neural network model algorithm based on heart rate variability for classifying patients with sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) and normal sinus rhythm (NSR). The established neural network model can achieve 87.88% accuracy, 88.89% sensitivity and 87.87% specificity by k-fold cross validation for predicting SCA 55 minutes ago. Since hardware can have a faster computing speed than software, this paper implements the established neural network model on hardware and compares the computing speed with software. The hardware is written in Verilog HDL, and Vivado 2020.2 is used for RTL simulation and verification.
Dual Axes Scanning Micro Mirror Using Electromagnetic Actuators and Elastic Compliant Membrane
Authors: Shin Buhyun , Kim Youngshik , Kim Wan-Chin 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Micromirror has many applications including vision systems, optical networking, and laser projects. Most of them are operated on a resonant mode for high-speed scan operation, but there are large demands for statically controlled mirrors with large deflection. In this paper, we propose a dual-axes scanning micromirror for large deflection, which also has the advantages of wide frequency bandwidth and low manufacturing cost. To achieve large deflection, we design and develop a customized electromagnetic actuator as a driving mechanism, which is composed of one permanent magnet and four electromagnets. The permanent is attached to the back of the mirror that has an elastic compliant membrane. The hybrid integration of microfabricated and off-the-shelf components enables low-risk/high-yield fabrication while limiting the throughput. We carry out simulations and experiments to evaluate the performance of the developed electromagnetic actuator and bi-axial scanning micro-mirror.
Performance Metrics From Product-Oriented Measures of Fundamental Motor Skills—A Comparison and Developmental Perspective
Authors: Palmer Kara K. , Pennell Adam , Terlizzi Bryan , Nunu Michael A. , Stodden David F. , Robinson Leah E. 
Published: September 2023

This study (a) examined the associations among different performance metrics derived from different strategies (i.e., maximum and average scores) and trials from product-oriented measures of motor skills, and (b) explored how different performance metrics from product-oriented assessments of motor skills change in young children with typical development. Children (N = 279; 156 girls; Mage = 4.44 years) completed a battery of product-oriented assessments for throwing (in meters per second, five trials); kicking (in meters per second, five trials); jumping (in centimeters, five trials); running (in meters per second, two trials); and hopping (in meters per second, four trials—two preferred foot, two nonpreferred foot). A total of 36 performance metrics were derived—throw (n = 7), kick (n = 7), jump (n = 7), run (n = 4), and hop (n = 11). Intraclass correlations examined reliability among performance metrics for each skill; linear mixed models examined whether variations changed across early childhood. There was excellent reliability among all performance metrics for each skill (all ICC > .90). Linear mixed models revealed that children’s motor performance improved for two metrics of the throw, five variations of the jump, and three metrics of the hop (all p < .05). Researchers should be aware that some performance metrics from product-oriented assessments (e.g., maximum and average of three or five trials) are highly related and change, whereas others do not.
The Effects of a Brief Online Rational-Emotive-Behavioral-Therapy Program on Coach Irrational Beliefs and Well-Being
Authors: Bailey Ryan G. , Turner Martin J. 
Published: September 2023

Research into the psychology of coaching has been somewhat neglected in comparison to research on the psychological development of athletes. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a brief online rational-emotive-behavioral-therapy (REBT) program on coach irrational beliefs and well-being. Coaching staff from an elite international canoeing team (N = 4) took part in a three-session (30- to 40-min) REBT program. Participants completed measures of irrational beliefs and mental well-being at preintervention, postintervention, and follow-up (1 month) time points. Visual analyses and social validation revealed that the intervention reduced irrational beliefs and enhanced mental well-being in two participants. However, REBT was more effective for some coaches than others, and follow-up data indicated a return to base levels in some coaches. Limitations and recommendations for future research are discussed, alongside practitioner reflections.
Single-molecule-binding studies of antivirals targeting the hepatitis C virus core protein
Authors: Nepal Sudip , Holmstrom Erik D. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

The hepatitis C virus (HCV) core protein (HCVcp) is the most highly conserved protein encoded by the HCV genome, and its N-terminal domain (
NTD
HCVcp) plays a crucial role in nucleocapsid assembly. Together, these two features make it an attractive target for antiviral therapeutics. However,
NTD
HCVcp is intrinsically disordered, leading to a high degree of conformational heterogeneity, and given its essential role in nucleocapsid assembly, it also tends to oligomerize at high concentrations, both of which make it difficult to characterize heterotypic intermolecular interactions between monomeric
NTD
HCVcp and potential therapeutics using conventional structure-based approaches. Here, we use single-molecule FRET spectroscopy to overcome these challenges and study the structural and energetic aspects of binding interactions involving different viral genotypes of
NTD
HCVcp and antiviral therapeutics based on antibodies, aptamers, peptides, and small molecules. Our findings highlight distinct binding mechanisms associated with these molecular interactions. For example, binding of high-affinity antibodies does not perturb the end-to-end distance of
NTD
HCVcp and is weakly impeded by electrostatic repulsions between similarly charged residues. Conversely, the low-nanomolar equilibrium dissociation constants of antiviral DNA aptamers arise from strong attractive electrostatic interactions that greatly decrease the end-to-end distance of
NTD
HCVcp. Furthermore, low-affinity antiviral peptides promote oligomerization of
NTD
HCVcp. Finally, the small-molecule antiviral compound we studied does not appear to affect any of our experimental observables, suggesting that binding may not alter the conformational properties of
NTD
HCVcp.

IMPORTANCE
The hepatitis C virus is associated with nearly 300,000 deaths annually. At the core of the virus is an RNA-protein complex called the nucleocapsid, which consists of the viral genome and many copies of the core protein. Because the assembly of the nucleocapsid is a critical step in viral replication, a considerable amount of effort has been devoted to identifying antiviral therapeutics that can bind to the core protein and disrupt assembly. Although several candidates have been identified, little is known about how they interact with the core protein or how those interactions alter the structure and thus the function of this viral protein. Our work biochemically characterizes several of these binding interactions, highlighting both similarities and differences as well as strengths and weaknesses. These insights bolster the notion that this viral protein is a viable target for novel therapeutics and will help to guide future developments of these candidate antivirals.
Structure of the native chemotaxis core signaling unit from phage E-protein lysed
E. coli
cells
Authors: Cassidy C. Keith , Qin Zhuan , Frosio Thomas , Gosink Khoosheh , Yang Zhengyi , Sansom Mark S. P. , Stansfeld Phillip J. , Parkinson John S. , Zhang Peijun 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Motile bacteria employ conserved chemotaxis networks to detect chemical gradients in their surroundings and effectively regulate their locomotion, enabling the location of essential nutrients and other important biological niches. The sensory apparatus of the chemotaxis pathway is an array of core-signaling units (CSUs) composed of transmembrane chemoreceptors, the histidine kinase CheA and an adaptor protein, CheW. Although chemotaxis pathways represent the best understood signaling systems, a detailed mechanistic understanding of signal transduction has been hindered by the lack of a complete structural picture of the CSU and extended array. In this study, we present the structure of the complete CSU from phage φX174 E protein lysed
Escherichia coli
cells, determined using cryo-electron tomography and sub-tomogram averaging to 12-Å resolution. Using AlphaFold2, we further predict the atomic structures of the CSU’s constituent proteins as well as key protein-protein interfaces, enabling the assembly an all-atom CSU model, which we conformationally refine using our cryo-electron tomography map. Molecular dynamics simulations of the resulting model provide new insight into the periplasmic organization of the complex, including novel interactions between neighboring receptor ligand-binding domains. Our results further elucidate previously unresolved interactions between individual CheA domains, including an anti-parallel P1 dimer and non-productive binding mode between P1 and P4, enhancing our understanding of the structural mechanisms underlying CheA signaling and regulation.

IMPORTANCE

Bacterial chemotaxis is a ubiquitous behavior that enables cell movement toward or away from specific chemicals. It serves as an important model for understanding cell sensory signal transduction and motility. Characterization of the molecular mechanisms underlying chemotaxis is of fundamental interest and requires a high-resolution structural picture of the sensing machinery, the chemosensory array. In this study, we combine cryo-electron tomography and molecular simulation to present the complete structure of the core signaling unit, the basic building block of chemosensory arrays, from
Escherichia coli
. Our results provide new insight into previously poorly-resolved regions of the complex and offer a structural basis for designing new experiments to test mechanistic hypotheses.
Q20+ Nanopore sequencing data recover a high-quality
Asticcacaulis
sp. genome
Authors: Hofer Cyrill , Lingenhag Seraina , Serra Moncadas Lucas , Rain-Franco Angel , Andrei Adrian-Stefan 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

We present here the complete genome of
Asticcacaulis
sp. ZE23SCel15. The strain was isolated from the surface water of Lake Zurich, Switzerland. The assembly of high-quality Q20+ Nanopore data yielded a circular genome with ~3.8 Mb (coverage: 34×) and a GC content of 56.81%.
Nature of Bonds in the Formation of Water Stability of Soil Aggregates
Authors: Fedotov G. N. , Shoba S. A. , Ushkova D. A. , Gorepekin I. V. , Shvarov A. P. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The opinion exists that water stability is provided by hydrophobic bonds between organic soil particles; however, there are works in which the main role in the occurrence of this property is assigned to the presence of hydrophilic organic substances in soils. The goal of this study is to clarify the nature of the bonds (hydrophilic or hydrophobic) that ensure the water stability of soils. We used samples of sod-podzolic and gray forest soils, as well as leached chernozem. Experiments to assess water stability were carried out using the method of “blades.” It is based on the dissection of linearly arranged aggregates, which were preliminarily moistened in vacuum to values close to saturation. The energy of hydrophobic bonds depends on the temperature; therefore, the influence of temperature on the value of the determined water stability was studied. Experiments showed that, as the temperature increases, the water stability of aggregates stored in the wet state increases from the moment of selection and decreases as the temperature increases. This indicates the leading role of hydrophobic bonds in the formation of water stability. As for the samples dried to an air-dry state, moistened again, and kept wet for more than two weeks, no temperature dependence of the water stability has been found. Taking into account that the strength of hydrophobic bonds increases with increasing temperature, while that of hydrophilic bonds decreases, the obtained data immutability of water stability can be explained if we assume the joint participation both hydrophobic and hydrophilic bonds in water stability of soil samples that have passed through the stage of drying to an air-dry state. In fact, these results indicate a strong change in the structural organization of soils during drying.