bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BIOMASS OF THE UNDERGROWTH PLANTS IN THE URAL FORESTS AND ITS ALLOMETRIC MODELS
Authors: Усольцев В.А. , Цепордей И.С. , Уразова А.Ф. , Борников А.В. 
Published: October 2023

Оценка биомассы деревьев и древостоев представляет интерес для многих дисциплин, связанных с лесной экологией и поведением экосистем в условиях изменения климата. Прямая оценка биомассы в полевых условиях очень сложна и трудозатратна. Наиболее распространенным подходом для оценки биомассы деревьев является использование взаимосвязей между биомассой и легко измеряемыми параметрами дерева, главным образом диаметром ствола на высоте груди и/или высотой дерева. Однако большинство опубликованных моделей биомассы относятся к крупным деревьям основного полога. Эмпирические данные о биомассе растений подроста представлены лишь в единичных работах. В нашем исследовании получены факти- ческие данные о структуре надземной биомассы и ее годичном приросте у растений подроста лесообразующих видов, произрастающих в условиях средней и южной тайги Урала, разработаны аллометрические модели для оценки биомассы и ее годичного прироста и выполнено ранжирование видов по величине относительной высоты (сбежистости) растений подроста. На примере подроста подтверждено положение Я. С. Медведева (1910) о связи относительной высоты расте- ний со степенью светолюбия видов. Ключевые слова: нижний ярус, виды растений, лесообразующие виды, надземная биомасса, годичный прирост биомассы, фракции биомассы, аллометрические модели
Estimating the biomass of trees and stands is of interest for many disciplines related to forest ecology and ecosystem behavior under climate change. Direct assessment of biomass in the ﬁ eld is very difﬁ cult and labor-consuming. The most common approach for estimating tree biomass is to use the relationships between biomass and easily measurable tree parameters, mainly stem diameter at breast height and/or tree height. However, the most of the published biomass models relate to large trees of the main canopy. Empirical data on the biomass of undergrowth plants are presented only in seldom works. In our study, actual data on the structure of aboveground biomass and its annual growth in undergrowth plants of forest-forming species growing in the conditions of the middle and southern taiga of the Urals were obtained, allometric models were developed to assess biomass and its annual growth, and species were ranked according to the relative height (slenderness) of undergrowth plants. On the example of undergrowth, the opinion of Ya. S. Medvedev (1910) on the relationship of the relative height of plants with the degree of their light-requiring is conﬁ rmed.
TO THE QUESTION OF THE NEED TO DEVELOP METHODS OF IMPROVEMENT OF BUFFER ZONES OF PROTECTED AREAS OF REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE ON THE EXAMPLE OF UUOL PROTECTED AREAS IN THE SEVERKA
Authors: Фролова Т.И. , Мухлынина Т.А. 
Published: October 2023

Человек неразрывно связан с природой: неконтролируемый туризм, хозяйственная и иная деятельность приводят к изменениям окружающей природной среды. Для сохранения уникальных компонентов природной среды, устойчивости и естественного биоразнообразия создаются особо охраняемые природные территории. Организация, использование и защита особо охраняемых природных территорий (ООПТ) регулируется законодательными актами. На территории Уральского учебно-опытного лесхоза расположено одиннадцать ООПТ – государственных памятников природы областного значения. В целях защиты ООПТ от неблагоприятных антропогенных воздействий на прилегающих к ним территориях могут создаваться буферные зоны с регулируемым режимом хозяйственной деятельности. Разработка приемов благоустройства буферных зон позволит правильно распределить рекреационную нагрузку, улучшить санитарное состояние и создать туристско-рекреационную инфраструктуру. В данной работе рассмотрены основные положения нормативных актов, регулирующие использование и охрану памятников природы областного значения, а также на примере памятника природы областного значения «Скала Соколиный камень с окружающими лесами» разработан проект буферной зоны и разработаны проектные предложения для ее благоустройства.
Man is inextricably linked with nature, uncontrolled tourism, economic and other activities lead to changes in the natural environment. Specially protected natural territories are being created to preserve the unique components of the natural environment, preserve sustainability and natural biodiversity. The organization, use and protection of specially protected natural territories is regulated by legislative acts. On the territory of the Ural educational and experimental forestry there are eleven specially protected natural territories – state monuments of nature of regional signiﬁ cance. In order to protect specially protected natural territories from adverse anthropogenic impacts, buffer zones with a regulated mode of economic activity can be created in the territories adjacent to them. The development of techniques for the improvement of buffer zones will allow to properly distribute the recreational load, improve the sanitary condition and create a tourist and recreational infrastructure. In this paper, the main provisions of normative acts regulating the use and protection of natural monuments of regional signiﬁ cance are considered, as well as on the example of a natural monument of regional signiﬁ cance “Rock Falcon Stone with surrounding forests”, a draft buffer zone has been developed and project proposals for its improvement have been developed.
PENGARUH MOTIVASI BELAJAR DAN KEMANDIRIAN BELAJAR SELAMA MASA PANDEMI COVID–19 TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR PESERTA DIDIK KELAS XII PADA MATA PELAJARAN EKONOMI DI SMA NEGERI 6 DEPOK
Authors: SUSANTI RETNO 
Published: October 2023

This research aims to determine the influence of learning motivation and learning independence during the Covid-19 pandemic on the learning outcomes of class Xii students in economics subjects at SMA Negeri 6 Depok. The type of research used is quantitative research. The population in the research is class XII students at SMA Negeri 6 Depok for the 2021/2022 academic year. The sample selection used simple random sampling so that 248 class XII students of SMA Negeri 6 Depok were obtained. The data collection technique is in the form of a questionnaire or questionnaire. The data analysis technique uses t-test statistics. The research procedure was carried out by distributing questionnaires to each sample. Each questionnaire consists of 35 questions. Based on the results of research on the influence of learning motivation and learning independence during the Covid-19 pandemic on the learning outcomes of class study of the learning outcomes of class XII students in economics subjects at SMA Negeri 6 Depok. Learning independence on the learning outcomes of class XII students in economics subjects at SMA Negeri 6 Depok. There is a simultaneous influence of learning motivation and learning independence on the learning outcomes of class XII students in economics subjects at SMA Negeri 6 Depok.
ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh motivasi belajar dan kemandirian belajar selama masa pandemi covid–19 terhadap hasil belajar peserta didik kelas Xii pada mata pelajaran ekonomi di SMA Negeri 6 Depok. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan yaitu penelitian kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian yaitu siswa kelas XII di SMA Negeri 6 Depok tahun ajaran 2021/2022. Pemilihan sampel menggunakan simple random sampling sehingga didapatkan 248 siswa kelas XII SMA Negeri 6 Depok. Teknik pengumpulan data berupa kuosioner atau angket. Teknik analisis data menggunakan statistik uji-t. Prosedur penelitian dilakukan dengan menyebarkan angket pada tiap tiap sampel. Setiap angket terdiri dari 35 soal. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tentang Pengaruh Motivasi Belajar dan Kemandirian Belajar Selama Masa Pandemi Covid–19 terhadap Hasil Belajar Peserta Didik Kelas XII Pada Mata Pelajaran Ekonomi di SMA Negeri 6 Depok, maka peneliti dapat mengambil kesimpulan bahwa: Terdapat pengaruh secara parsial antar variabel, yaitu antara motivasi belajar terhadap hasil belajar peserta didik kelas XII pada mata pelajaran ekonomi di SMA Negeri 6 Depok. Kemandirian belajar terhadap hasil belajar peserta didik kelas XII pada mata pelajaran ekonomi di SMA Negeri 6 Depok. Terdapat pengaruh motivasi belajar dan kemandirian belajar secara simultan terhadap hasil belajar peserta didik kelas XII pada mata pelajaran ekonomi di SMA Negeri 6 Depok.
Segmentation of polarimetric radar imagery using statistical texture
Authors: Guyot Adrien , Brook Jordan P. , Protat Alain , Turner Kathryn , Soderholm Joshua , McCarthy Nicholas F. , McGowan Hamish 
Published: October 2023

Abstract. Weather radars are increasingly being used to study the interaction between wildfires and the atmosphere, owing to the enhanced spatio-temporal resolution of radar data compared to conventional measurements, such as satellite imagery and in situ sensing. An important requirement for the continued proliferation of radar data for this application is the automatic identification of fire-generated particle returns (pyrometeors) from a scene containing a diverse range of echo sources, including clear air, ground and sea clutter, and precipitation. The classification of such particles is a challenging problem for common image segmentation approaches (e.g. fuzzy logic or unsupervised machine learning) due to the strong overlap in radar variable distributions between each echo type. Here, we propose the following two-step method to address these challenges: (1) the introduction of secondary, texture-based fields, calculated using statistical properties of gray-level co-occurrence matrices (GLCMs), and (2) a Gaussian mixture model (GMM), used to classify echo sources by combining radar variables with texture-based fields from (1). Importantly, we retain all information from the original measurements by performing calculations in the radar's native spherical coordinate system and introduce a range-varying-window methodology for our GLCM calculations to avoid range-dependent biases. We show that our method can accurately classify pyrometeors' plumes, clear air, sea clutter, and precipitation using radar data from recent wildfire events in Australia and find that the contrast of the radar correlation coefficient is the most skilful variable for the classification. The technique we propose enables the automated detection of pyrometeors' plumes from operational weather radar networks, which may be used by fire agencies for emergency management purposes or by scientists for case study analyses or historical-event identification.
Glacial–interglacial seawater isotope change near the Chilean Margin as reflected by δ2H values of C37 alkenones
Authors: Hättig Katrin , Varma Devika , Schouten Stefan , van der Meer Marcel T. J. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract. Stable hydrogen isotopic compositions of long-chain alkenones with 37 carbon atoms (δ2HC37) have been shown to reflect seawater salinity in culture and environmental studies, and this potential sea surface salinity proxy has been applied to several downcore records from different regions. However, previous studies were based solely on a single sediment core and often suggested unlikely large changes in salinity based on existing proxy calibrations. Here we present a new δ2HC37 record, in combination with oxygen isotopes of benthic foraminifera from the same samples, from a sediment core from the Chilean Margin (ODP Site 1235). The observed negative shift in δ2HC37 of 20 ‰ during the last deglaciation was identical to that of a previously published δ2HC37 record from the nearby, but deeper, ODP Site 1234, suggesting a regionally consistent shift in δ2HC37. This change translates into a negative hydrogen isotope shift in the surface seawater of ca. 14 ‰, similar to glacial–interglacial reconstructions based on other δ2HC37 records. The reconstructed bottom seawater oxygen isotope change based on benthic foraminifera during the last deglaciation is approximately −0.8 ‰, in line with previous studies. When translated into hydrogen isotopes of bottom seawater using the modern open-ocean water line, this would suggest a negative change of ca. 5 ‰, smaller than the reconstructed surface seawater shift based on alkenones. The larger change in surface water isotopes suggests that it experienced more freshening during the Holocene than bottom waters, either due to increased freshwater input, reduced evaporation, or a combination of the two.
Anomalous variations in stable precipitation isotopes driven by high-temperature events
Authors: Lin Xinrui , Zhu Guofeng , Qiu Dongdong , Chen Longhu , Si Dehong , Ye Linlin , Lu Siyu , Jiao Yinying , Liu Jiawei , Li Rui , Wang Qinqin , Yang Jiangwei , Zhang Wenhao 
Published: October 2023

Abstract. Stable hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in atmospheric precipitation have the potential to identify abnormal weather events, and climate change will cause more intense and frequent high-temperature events, which already pose a threat to human health and the development of the global economy. Based on precipitation isotope data from 37 high-temperature events that occurred in various global regions between 2010 and 2022, this article examines the impacts of high-temperature events on stable precipitation isotopes. The results show that (1) stable precipitation isotopes are more enriched under the influence of high-temperature events than in the same month of previous years; the slope and intercept of the precipitation local meteoric water line (LMWL) are lower than in the same month of previous years and the global meteoric water line (GMWL); and the precipitation d-excess is lower than the global average. (2) Temperature is the primary meteorological factor that produces abnormal variations in precipitation isotopes under the influence of high-temperature events, and the impact of temperature on precipitation isotopes is significantly amplified (P<0.05). (3) Furthermore, variations in atmospheric circulation patterns, water vapor transport fluxes, regional water vapor background, and surface morphology can lead to regional differences in anomalous variations in precipitation isotopes. This study reveals the impact of high temperatures on precipitation isotopes and their mechanisms, which is instructive for disentangling the influence of high-temperature events on water cycle processes. It may also offer fresh perspectives for the reconstruction of paleo-high-temperature events based on isotopes.
DASH: a MATLAB toolbox for paleoclimate data assimilation
Authors: King Jonathan , Tierney Jessica , Osman Matthew , Judd Emily J. , Anchukaitis Kevin J. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract. Paleoclimate data assimilation (DA) is a tool for reconstructing past climates that directly integrates proxy records with climate model output. Despite the potential for DA to expand the scope of quantitative paleoclimatology, these methods remain difficult to implement in practice due to the multi-faceted requirements and data handling necessary for DA reconstructions, the diversity of DA methods, and the need for computationally efficient algorithms. Here, we present DASH, a MATLAB toolbox designed to facilitate paleoclimate DA analyses. DASH provides command line and scripting tools that implement common tasks in DA workflows. The toolbox is highly modular and is not built around any specific analysis, and thus DASH supports paleoclimate DA for a wide variety of time periods, spatial regions, proxy networks, and algorithms. DASH includes tools for integrating and cataloguing data stored in disparate formats, building state vector ensembles, and running proxy (system) forward models. The toolbox also provides optimized algorithms for implementing ensemble Kalman filters, particle filters, and optimal sensor analyses with variable and modular parameters. This paper reviews the key components of the DASH toolbox and presents examples illustrating DASH's use for paleoclimate DA applications.
Modelling groundwater recharge, actual evaporation, and transpiration in semi-arid sites of the Lake Chad basin: the role of soil and vegetation in groundwater recharge
Authors: Neukum Christoph , Morales-Santos Angela , Ronelngar Melanie , Bala Aminu , Vassolo Sara 
Published: October 2023

Abstract. The Lake Chad basin, located in the centre of northern Africa, is characterized by strong climate seasonality with a pronounced short annual precipitation period and high potential evapotranspiration. Groundwater is an essential source for drinking-water supply, as well as for agriculture and groundwater-related ecosystems. Thus, assessment of groundwater recharge is very important although also difficult because of the strong effects of evaporation and transpiration, as well as the limited available data. A simple, generalized approach, which requires only limited field data,
freely available remote sensing data, and well-established concepts
and models, is tested for assessing groundwater recharge in the southern
part of the basin. This work uses the FAO dual-Kc concept to estimate E and T coefficients at six locations that differ in soil texture, climate, and vegetation conditions. Measured values of soil water content and chloride concentrations along vertical soil profiles together with different scenarios for E and T partitioning and a Bayesian calibration approach are used to numerically simulate water flow and chloride transport using Hydrus-1D. Average groundwater recharge rates and the associated model uncertainty at the six locations are assessed for the 2003–2016 time period. Annual groundwater recharge varies between 6 and 93 mm and depends strongly on soil texture and related water retention and on vegetation. Interannual variability of groundwater recharge is generally greater than the uncertainty of the simulated groundwater recharge.
Revealing inflow and wake conditions of a 6 MW floating turbine
Authors: Angelou Nikolas , Mann Jakob , Dubreuil-Boisclair Camille 
Published: October 2023

Abstract. We investigate the characteristics of the inflow and the wake of a 6 MW floating wind turbine from the Hywind Scotland offshore wind farm, the world's first floating wind farm. We use two commercial nacelle-mounted lidars to measure the up- and downwind conditions with a fixed and a scanning measuring geometry, respectively. In the analysis, the effect of the pitch and roll angles of the nacelle on the lidar measuring location is taken into account. The upwind conditions are parameterized in terms of the mean horizontal wind vector at hub height, the shear and veer of the wind profile along the upper part of the rotor, and the induction of the wind turbine rotor. The wake characteristics are studied in two narrow wind speed intervals between 8.5–9.5 and 12.5–13.5 m s−1, corresponding to below and above rotor rated speeds, respectively, and for turbulence intensity values between 3.3 %–6.4 %. The wake flow is measured along a horizontal plane by a wind lidar scanning in a plan position indicator mode, which reaches 10 D downwind. This study focuses on the downstream area between 3 and 8 D. In this region, our observations show that the transverse profile of the wake can be adequately described by a self-similar wind speed deficit that follows a Gaussian distribution. We find that even small variations (∼1 %–2 %) in the ambient turbulence intensity can result in an up to 10 % faster wake recovery. Furthermore, we do not observe any additional spread of the wake due to the motion of the floating wind turbine examined in this study.
Follow-up of a new titanium cervical plate for fusion of the cervical spine
Authors: Bruchmann Bernhard , Kilian Francis 
Published: October 2023

Cervical plates are in use since the 1990ies for anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF). The latest step in development was a dynamic plate that allows sliding of the screws facilitating the natural settling of the bone after surgery. We investigated the clinical and radiological results of such a dynamic plate in a patient cohort that underwent single or multi-level ACDF for various cervical degenerative indications, including revision cases, from 2014 to 2019. Clinical and radiological outcome were assessed in 60 eligible patients after a mean of 2.9 years. The assessed neck disability index (NDI), and the visual analogue scale (VAS) of neck and arm pain show comparable results to the literature of ACDF, and specifically other plate designs. Forty-eight Adverse and Serious Adverse Events do not show a link to the product used. Clinical and radiological outcomes of ACDF with dynamic, third generation cervical plates show comparable results to the literature. Careful reporting of all Adverse Events revealed a variety of concomitant diseases, but could not be correlated to the implant used.
Efisiensi Pekerjaan Bekisting Konvensional dan Semi Sistem pada Kolom Bangunan Bertingkat di Madura
Authors: Rahadatul Ais’y Risya Afifah , Silviana Putri Regilia , Farichah Himatul 
Published: October 2023

Perkembangan teknologi di bidang konstruksi pada Indonesia saat ini mengalami kemajuan yang sangat pesat, salah satu contoh aplikasi teknologi pada proses konstruksi yaitu cetakan beton atau bisa disebut dengan bekisting. Pada proyek bangunan bertingkat pemilihan bekisting merupakan salah satu keputusan yang sangat penting karena dapat mempengaruhi waktu pekerjaan, kualitas konstruksi, dan biaya. Metode yang digunakan peneliti adalah pengumpulan data. Data yang didapat yaitu data sekunder dan data primer. Data sekunder berupa membaca buku, jurnal, dan gambar rencana proyek. Sedangkan, data primer berupa observasi dan wawancara. Analisis yang akan dibahas yaitu perbandingan penggunaan bekisting semi sistem dan bekisting konvensional ditinjau dari segi volume, waktu, dan produktivitas pekerja. Hasil perhitungan yang didapat pada Analisis volume pekerjaan bekisting didapatkan kebutuhan volume bekisting konvensional yaitu 336 m2, dan kebutuhan volume bekisting semi-sistem yaitu 144 m2. Pada Analisis durasi total untuk pekerjaan bekisting kolom semi-sistem 7 hari dan bekisting konvensional 9 hari. Pada Analisis koefisien yang diperoleh pada pekerjaan bekisting kolom semi-sistem untuk tukang sebesar 0,013 dan pekerja 0,0065. Bekisting konvensional untuk tukang sebesar 0,0186 dan pekerja 0,0186. Sehingga, penggunaan bekisting kolom semi-sistem lebih efektif dan efisien digunakan daripada bekisting kolom konvensional.