bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retrospective analysis of referrals for hypoxic challenge testing in children born preterm
Authors: Howells Anna , Riley Mollie , Samuels Martin , Aurora Paul 
Published: January 2024

IntroductionChildren with a history of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) may be at risk of hypoxaemia at altitude, such as during air travel. We have performed preflight hypoxic challenge testing (HCT) since 2006, incorporating British Thoracic Society (BTS) guidance since 2011, to determine which children may require oxygen during air travel.AimsWe aimed to compare the outcome of HCTs in children with a history of BPD who met the 2011 BTS criteria and those who did not and, in addition to this, to interrogate the data for factors that may predict the outcome of HCT in this population.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of data from HCTs of children with a history of BPD referred 2006–2020. Cases were excluded if the patient had a respiratory comorbidity, was still on oxygen therapy, if the test was a repeat or if the clinical record was incomplete. Descriptive and univariate analysis of the data was performed, and a binary logistic regression model was fitted.ResultsThere were 79 HCTs, of which 24/79 (30%) did not meet BTS 2011 guidelines referral criteria. The analysis showed a greater proportion of desaturation in the group that didnotmeet criteria: 46% vs 27% (no statistical significance). Baseline oxygen saturations were higher in those who did not require oxygen during HCT and this variable was significant when adjusted for confounders.ConclusionsThis study found that the current criteria for referral for preflight testing may incorrectly identify those most at risk and highlights the need for further investigation to ensure those most at risk are being assessed prior to air travel.
Properly outer and strictly outer actions of finite groups on prime C*-algebras
Authors: Peligrad Costel 
Published: January 2024

An action of a compact, in particular finite group on a C*-algebra is called properly outer if no automorphism of the group that is distinct from identity is implemented by a unitary element of the algebra of local multipliers of the C*-algebra. In this paper, I define the notion of strictly outer action (similar to the definition for von Neumann factors in [S. Vaes, The unitary implementation of a locally compact group action, J. Funct. Anal. 180 (2001) 426–480]) and prove that for finite groups and prime C*-algebras, it is equivalent to the proper outerness of the action. For finite abelian groups this is equivalent to other relevant properties of the action.
GREEN BONDS AND CORPORATE ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL, AND GOVERNANCE GREENWASHING: EVIDENCE FROM CHINA
Authors: LING FANG , ZHEN SHUAI , LIANG CHAO , ZHAO ZHIYONG 
Published: January 2024

In this paper, we examine the relationship between green bond issuance and corporate environmental, social, and governance (ESG) greenwashing using Chinese A-share listed companies between 2011 and 2021. The findings indicate that issuance of green bonds effectively mitigate enterprises’ tendencies toward ESG greenwashing, affirming the stability of China’s green bond market. The analysis of the mechanism demonstrates that the issuance of green bonds can effectively mitigate ESG greenwashing by enhancing information transparency and alleviating financing constraints. Further analysis reveals that the issuance of green bonds effectively mitigates E information greenwashing and S information greenwashing, while it does not significantly impact G information greenwashing. Heterogeneity analysis reveals that the inhibitory impact of green bond issuance on ESG greenwashing is more pronounced within subgroups characterized by high environmental protection subsidies, elevated environmental protection taxes and fees, executives lacking prior experience in environmental protection, and enterprises with limited social responsibility. The findings provide theoretical supplementation of ESG consequences resulting from green bond issuance and elucidate the mechanism for curbing corporate ESG greenwashing. Practically, it will facilitate other countries to enhance their top-level design of green bonds and contribute to achieving carbon neutrality and peak carbon goals.
LOG-NORMAL STOCHASTIC VOLATILITY MODEL WITH QUADRATIC DRIFT
Authors: SEPP ARTUR , RAKHMONOV PARVIZ 
Published: January 2024

In this paper, we introduce the log-normal stochastic volatility (SV) model with a quadratic drift to allow arbitrage-free valuation of options on assets under money-market account and inverse martingale measures. We show that the proposed volatility process has a unique strong solution, despite non-Lipschitz quadratic drift, and we establish the corresponding Feynman–Kac partial differential equation (PDE) for computation of conditional expectations under this SV model. We derive conditions for arbitrage-free valuations when return–volatility correlation is positive to preclude the “loss of martingality”, which occurs in many traditional SV models. Importantly, we develop an analytic approach to compute an affine expansion for the moment generating function of the log-price, its quadratic variance (QV) and the instantaneous volatility. Our solution allows for semi-analytic valuation of vanilla options under log-normal SV models closing a gap in existing studies. We apply our approach for solving the joint valuation problem of vanilla and inverse options, which are popular in the cryptocurrency option markets. We demonstrate the accuracy of our solution for valuation of vanilla and inverse options. a By calibrating the model to time series of options on Bitcoin over the past four years, we show that the log-normal SV model can work efficiently in different market regimes. Our model can be well applied for modeling of implied volatilities of assets with positive return–volatility correlation.
MagDot
Authors: Chen Dongyao , Luo Qing , Chen Xiaomeng , Wang Xinbing , Zhou Chenghu 
Published: January 2024

Tracking the angular movement of body joints has been a critical enabler for various applications, such as virtual and augmented reality, sports monitoring, and medical rehabilitation. Despite the strong demand for accurate joint tracking, existing techniques, such as cameras, IMUs, and flex sensors, suffer from major limitations that include occlusion, cumulative error, and high cost. These issues collectively undermine the practicality of joint tracking.
We introduce MagDot, a new magnetic-based joint tracking method that enables high-accuracy, drift-free, and wearable joint angle tracking. To overcome the limitations of existing techniques, MagDot employs a novel tracking scheme that compensates for various real-world impacts, achieving high tracking accuracy. We tested MagDot on eight participants with a professional motion capture system, i.e., Qualisys motion capture system with nine Arqus A12 cameras. The results indicate MagDot can accurately track major body joints. For example, MagDot can achieve tracking accuracy of 2.72°, 4.14°, and 4.61° for elbow, knee, and shoulder, respectively. With a power consumption of only 98 mW, MagDot can support one-day usage with a small battery pack.
Isolating the Drivers of Racial Inequities in Prostate Cancer Treatment
Authors: Hammarlund Noah , Holt Sarah K. , Basu Anirban , Etzioni Ruth , Morehead Danté , Lee Jenney R. , Wolff Erika M. , Gore John L. , Nyame Yaw A. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background:
Black individuals in the United States are less likely than White individuals to receive curative therapies despite a 2-fold higher risk of prostate cancer death. While research has described treatment inequities, few studies have investigated underlying causes.

Methods:
We analyzed a cohort of 40,137 Medicare beneficiaries (66 and older) linked to the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) cancer registry who had clinically significant, non-metastatic (cT1-4N0M0, grade group 2–5) prostate cancer (diagnosed 2010–2015). Using the Kitagawa-Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition, we assessed the contributions of patient health and health care delivery on the racial difference in localized prostate cancer treatments (radical prostatectomy or radiation). Patient health consisted of comorbid diagnoses, tumor characteristics, SEER site, diagnosis year, and age. Health care delivery was captured as a prediction model with these health variables as predictors of treatment, reflecting current treatment patterns.

Results:
A total of 72.1% and 78.6% of Black and White patients received definitive treatment, respectively, a difference of 6.5 percentage points. An estimated 15% [95% confidence interval (CI): 6–24] of this treatment difference was explained by measured differences in patient health, leaving the remaining estimated 85% (95% CI: 74–94) attributable to a potentially broad range of health care delivery factors. Limitations included insufficient data to explore how specific health care delivery factors, including structural racism and social determinants, impact differential treatment.

Conclusions:
Our results show the inadequacy of patient health differences as an explanation of the treatment inequity.

Impact:
Investing in studies and interventions that support equitable health care delivery for Black individuals with prostate cancer will contribute to improved outcomes.
Novel UV‐B Phototherapy With a Light‐Emitting Diode Device Prevents Atherosclerosis by Augmenting Regulatory T‐Cell Responses in Mice
Authors: Tanaka Toru , Sasaki Naoto , Krisnanda Aga , Shinohara Masakazu , Amin Hilman Zulkifli , Horibe Sayo , Ito Ken , Iwaya Motoaki , Fukunaga Atsushi , Hirata Ken‐ichi , Rikitake Yoshiyuki 
Published: January 2024

Background
Ultraviolet B (UV‐B) irradiation is an effective treatment for human cutaneous disorders and was shown to reduce experimental atherosclerosis by attenuating immunoinflammatory responses. The aim of this study was to clarify the effect of specific wavelengths of UV‐B on atherosclerosis and the underlying mechanisms focusing on immunoinflammatory responses.

Methods and Results

Based on light‐emitting diode technology, we developed novel devices that can emit 282 nm UV‐B, which we do not receive from natural sunlight, 301 nm UV‐B, and clinically available 312 nm UV‐B. We irradiated 6‐week‐old male atherosclerosis‐prone
Apoe
−/−
(apolipoprotein E‐deficient) mice with specific wavelengths of UV‐B and evaluated atherosclerosis and immunoinflammatory responses by performing histological analysis, flow cytometry, biochemical assays, and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry‐based lipidomics. Irradiation of 282 nm UV‐B but not 301 or 312 nm UV‐B significantly reduced the development of aortic root atherosclerotic plaques and plaque inflammation. This atheroprotection was associated with specifically augmented immune responses of anti‐inflammatory CD4
+
Foxp3 (forkhead box P3)
+
regulatory T cells in lymphoid tissues, whereas responses of other immune cells were not substantially affected. Analysis of various lipid mediators revealed that 282 nm UV‐B markedly increased the ratio of proresolving to proinflammatory lipid mediators in the skin.

Conclusions
We demonstrated that 282 nm UV‐B irradiation effectively reduces aortic inflammation and the development of atherosclerosis by systemically augmenting regulatory T‐cell responses and modulating the balance between proresolving and proinflammatory lipid mediators in the skin. Our findings indicate that a novel 282 nm UV‐B phototherapy could be an attractive approach to treat atherosclerosis.
Modeling Land–Atmosphere Interactions over Semiarid Plains in Morocco: In-Depth Assessment of GCM Stretched-Grid Simulations Using In Situ Data
Authors: Arjdal Khadija , Vignon Étienne , Driouech Fatima , Chéruy Frédérique , Er-Raki Salah , Sima Adriana , Chehbouni Abdelghani , Drobinski Philippe 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Land surface–atmosphere interactions are a key component of climate modeling. They are particularly critical to understand and anticipate the climate and the water resources over the semiarid and arid North African regions. This study uses in situ observations to assess the ability of the IPSL-CM global climate model to simulate the land–atmosphere interactions over the Moroccan semiarid plains. A specific configuration with a grid refinement over the Haouz Plain, near Marrakech, and nudging outside Morocco has been performed to properly assess the model’s performances. To ensure reliable model–observation comparisons despite the fact that station measurements are not representative of a mesh-size area, we carried out experiments with adapted vegetation properties. Results show that the CMIP6 version of the model’s physics represents the near-surface climate over the Haouz Plain reasonably well. Nonetheless, the simulation exhibits a nocturnal warm bias, and the wind speed is overestimated in tree-covered meshes and underestimated in the wheat-covered region. Further sensitivity experiments reveal that LAI-dependent parameterization of roughness length leads to a strong surface wind drag and to underestimated land surface atmosphere thermal coupling. Setting the roughness heights to the observed values improves the wind speed and, to a lesser extent, the nocturnal temperature. A low bias in latent heat flux and soil moisture coinciding with a pronounced diurnal warm bias at the surface is still present in our simulations. Including a first-order irrigation parameterization yields more realistic simulated evapotranspiration flux and daytime skin surface temperatures. This result raises the importance of accounting for the irrigation process in present and future climate simulations over Moroccan agricultural areas.
Assimilation of Satellite Lightning Data in a Storm-Scale Numerical Weather Prediction System Using a 3D-EnVar Data Assimilation Scheme
Authors: Combarnous Pauline , Martet Maud , Caumont Olivier , Defer Éric 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The objective of this study is to prepare the assimilation of the Meteosat Third Generation Lightning Imager (MTG-LI) observations in the regional numerical weather prediction model AROME-France using a 3D-EnVar data assimilation algorithm. As opposed to the current operational configuration of AROME-France data assimilation system, the hydrometeor specific contents are added in the control variable and are thus updated during the assimilation process. Consequently, a lightning observation operator based on the specific contents of snow and graupel is used. As the first MTG satellite was launched in December 2022, the real MTG-LI observations are not available yet, and proxy spaceborne lightning observations generated from ground-based lightning detection network are used. We assess the forecast skills of experiments assimilating lightning in a close to operational configuration by comparing the results to a reference experiment that does not assimilate lightning. In the studied cases, the frequency bias and fraction skill score are improved for brightness temperatures forecasts lower than 280 K up to 4 h after the assimilation, implying a better description of the general cloud cover. The convective cores, identified by brightness temperatures lower than 220 K, are better captured in the first forecast hour but this improvement is not maintained through time and quickly fades.
Subseasonal Variability of U.S. Coastal Sea Level from MJO and ENSO Teleconnection Interference
Authors: Arcodia Marybeth C. , Becker Emily , Kirtman Ben P. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Climate variability affects sea levels as certain climate modes can accelerate or decelerate the rising sea level trend, but subseasonal variability of coastal sea levels is underexplored. This study is the first to investigate how remote tropical forcing from the MJO and ENSO impact subseasonal U.S. coastal sea level variability. Here, composite analyses using tide gauge data from six coastal regions along the U.S. East and West Coasts reveal influences on sea level anomalies from both the MJO and ENSO. Tropical MJO deep convection forces a signal that results in U.S. coastal sea level anomalies that vary based on MJO phase. Further, ENSO is shown to modulate both the MJO sea level response and background state of the teleconnections. The sea level anomalies can be significantly enhanced or weakened by the MJO-associated anomaly along the East Coast due to constructive or destructive interference with the ENSO-associated anomaly, respectively. The West Coast anomaly is found to be dominated by ENSO. We examine physical mechanisms by which MJO and ENSO teleconnections impact coastal sea levels and find consistent relationships between low-level winds and sea level pressure that are spatially varying drivers of the variability. Two case studies reveal how MJO and ENSO teleconnection interference played a role in notable coastal flooding events. Much of the focus on sea level rise concerns the long-term trend associated with anthropogenic warming, but on shorter time scales, we find subseasonal climate variability has the potential to exacerbate the regional coastal flooding impacts.

Significance Statement
Coastal flooding due to sea level rise is increasingly threatening communities, but natural fluctuations of coastal sea levels can exacerbate the human-caused sea level rise trend. This study assesses the role of tropical influences on coastal subseasonal (2 weeks–3 months) sea level heights. Further, we explore the mechanisms responsible, particularly for constructive interference of signals contributing to coastal flooding events. Subseasonal signals amplify or suppress the lower-frequency signals, resulting in higher or lower sea level heights than those expected from known climate modes (e.g., ENSO). Low-level onshore winds and reduced sea level pressure connected to the tropical phenomena are shown to be indicators of increased U.S. coastal sea levels, and vice versa. Two case studies reveal how MJO and ENSO teleconnection interference played a role in notable coastal flooding events. Much of the focus on sea level rise concerns the long-term trend associated with anthropogenic warming, but on shorter time scales, we find subseasonal climate variability has the potential to exacerbate the regional coastal flooding impacts.
Unveiling the Relationship Between Oil Price and Exchange Rate: New Insight from Time-varying Versus Fixed Coefficient Cointegration
Authors: Sharma Akhil , Gupta Sanjeev , Rishad Abdul 
Published: January 2024

This study provides a brief analysis of time-varying cointegration between the INR–USD bilateral exchange rate and Brent crude oil prices in the post–subprime crisis period. Prior studies established this relationship using the assumption that the long-run relation is intertemporally constant. However, there is much recent evidence demonstrating that this assumption may not be feasible. To address this issue and to go beyond the restrictive time-invariant environment, we employed the time-varying cointegration framework of Bierens and Martins (2010) , which was assessed through orthogonal Chebyshev time polynomials. The result shows that the Rupee was decoupled from oil price shocks in the first two samples. However, the oil price pass-through effect will become stronger in the third and fourth samples. The endogenous structural break test suggests the presence of serious parameter instabilities due to fluctuations in oil prices and the exchange rate over the period under study. This indicates the ability of international crude oil prices to influence domestic economic activities through the exchange rate. Policymakers should consider this factor while making monetary and foreign exchange policies. JEL Codes: E44, G14, G15
Cumulative exposure to estrogen may increase the risk of migraine in women
Authors: Bugge Nora Stensland , Grøtta Vetvik Kjersti , Alstadhaug Karl Bjørnar , Braaten Tonje 
Published: January 2024

Background Migraine is a common disorder, particularly affecting women during their reproductive years. This female preponderance has been linked to exposure to female sex hormones. Methods We used self-reported data from women born in 1943–1965 enrolled in the Norwegian Women and Cancer Study to examine the differences between women with migraine and women without migraine in a prospective design with respect to both endogenous and exogenous female sex hormone exposure. Results In total, 62,959 women were included in the study, of whom 24.8% reported previous migraine (n = 15,635). Using a Cox proportional hazards model, we found that higher age at menarche reduced the risk of migraine (hazards ratio (HR) = 0.96, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.95–0.98) and that oral contraceptive use and parity increased the risk of migraine (HR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.06–1.18 and HR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.29–1.46, respectively). Conclusions Older age at menarche appears to reduce migraine risk, whereas oral contraceptive use and having children appear to increase the risk. Further research is required to investigate the causality of these associations.
A hyperspectral band selection algorithm for identifying high oleic acid peanuts
Authors: Shao Hui , Li Xingyun , Sun Long , Wang Cheng , Hu Yuxia 
Published: January 2024

High oleic acid peanuts have higher oleic acid content and stronger oxidation stability than common peanuts, but their appearances are similar, which imposes difficulties for classifying. Based on this, the study aims to classify high oleic acid peanut to ensure its purity by using hyperspectral imaging technology. However, classification accuracy and efficiency are limited given the large amount of redundant information of hyperspectral images. The band iteration algorithm (BIA) is proposed to select characteristic bands by reducing the redundant information between spectral bands for the peanut classification. Hyperspectral images with 616 bands (from 400 nm to 1100 nm) of 126 high oleic acid peanuts and 126 common peanuts were collected. Then, BIA selected optimal bands as characteristic bands from adjacent bands according to the classification accuracy of each band subsets. Thirdly, three classification models, namely linear discriminant analysis, support vector machine, and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), were employed to compare the performance of BIA with successive projections algorithm and competitive adaptive reweighted sampling, respectively. The experimental results show that BIA can effectively improve the classification ability of spectral data. The BIA-PLS-DA model had the best classification efficiency, and the accuracy of the test set reached 93.26%. For peanut individuals, only one peanut sample was misclassified with a classification error rate of 1.43%.