bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extracellular Ca2+-sensing receptor expression and hormonal regulation in rat uterus during the peri-implantation period
Authors: Xiao Li-Juan , Yuan Jin-Xiang , Li Yin-Chuan , Wang Rui , Hu Zhao-Yuan , Liu Yi-Xun 
Published: May 2005

The extracellular Ca2+-sensing receptor (CaR) is a member of the superfamily of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). It is an important mediator of a wide range of Ca2+-dependent physiological responses in various tissues. In reproductive tissues it has been reported to play a significant role in promoting or maintaining placentation. Meanwhile, another Ca2+regulated gene stanniocalcin-1 (STC-1) has been documented to be involved in decidualization and uterine remodelling. The phenomenon that CaR mediates STC-1’s transcription responding to extracellular calcium in fish urges us to suppose that CaR, like STC-1, may also play a role in implantation and decidualization. To resolve this conjecture, we have examined the expression and hormonal regulation of the CaR gene in rat uterus during peri-implantation period.CaR mRNA was expressed at a moderate level in the luminal epithelium of the early stage of pregnancy (from day 1 to day 3). From day 2–3 it began to be expressed more strongly in the stromal cells immediately underneath the luminal epithelium, but decreased to a basal level on day 4. From day 6 to day 9 continuously, both CaR mRNA and protein were highly expressed in the primary decidua. Expression of CaR mRNA and protein in these cells was also observed when a delayed implantation was terminated by estrogen treatment to allow the embryo implantation. In contrast, only basal level expression of the molecules was detected in the cells of animals subjected to a normal-delayed implantation or the pseudopregnant condition.Embryo transplantation experiment confirmed that CaR expression at the implantation site was induced by the implanting blastocyst. Consistent with the normal pregnant process, CaR mRNA and protein in the cells were also induced by an artificial decidualization procedure. Further experiments demonstrated that treatment of the ovariectomized rat with estrogen or/and progesterone stimulated a high level expression of CaR mRNA in the uterine epithelial and glandular epithelium. In conclusion, CaR was specifically induced during the processes of implantation and subsequent decidualization and may play a role in these processes.
Pathogen Levels, Lysozyme, and Cortisol Response in Channel Catfish with Susceptibility Differences to Edwardsiella ictaluri
Authors: Bilodeau A. L. , Small B. C. , Wise D. J. , Wolters W. R. 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
Differences in bacterial loads, clearance rates, nonspecific immune response, and cortisol response were measured for three family groups of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus susceptible to enteric septicemia of catfish (ESC) and three ESC-resistant families. Resistant families had lower mortality during challenge (P &lt; 0.0001). Bacterial loads on day 5 postexposure were higher (P &lt; 0.01) in susceptible families than resistant families for blood, kidney, and spleen. Blood, kidney, and spleen bacterial levels were highly correlated. Pathogen clearance was evident by day 12 in fish from the susceptible families and measurable only in kidney and spleen from resistant families on day 20. Lysozyme activity increased on day 1 (P = 0.0074) in resistant fish and on day 2 in susceptible fish (P &lt; 0.0001). An acute stress response was evident for both resistant (21.4 ± 1.7 ng/mL [mean ± SD]) and susceptible families (30.0 ± 1.6 ng/mL). Plasma cortisol levels were elevated in susceptible fish throughout challenge, except for day 12, but in resistant fish they recovered to near basal levels immediately after an acute response on day 2. There was no correlation between cortisol and lysozyme levels. Differences in lysozyme activity and pathogen levels suggest that the nonspecific immune response was effective during the early stages of infection in resistant fish.
Considerations for manufacture of irrigation pipe
Authors: Tock Richard Wm. , A'hern Daniel W. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractOn January 18, 1977 the United States Patent Office granted James E. Turner the rights to Patent Number 4,003,408 entitled “Underground Irrigation Porous Pipe.” The porous pipe was claimed to be made entirely from reclaimed rubber and recycled plastic binder. The weight percent of binder materials ranged from 10% to 40%. The wall of the porous pipe was reported to contain labyrinthine apertures of such size and number so as to provide a leak rate of 12 to 20 gallons per hour of water per one hundred feet of length of 1/2 inch pipe when subjected to internal pressures of 5 to 10 psig. The pores were claimed to have been blown into the walls by venting vapors and water associated with the rubber during the extrusion process.This paper reports on an analysis of such a “leaky pipe” as described by Patent Number 4,003,408. The leakage phenomenon is shown to be a natural occurrence which arises from the adhesion of rubber particles with insufficient binder to fill the voids between particles. This observation means that the reclaimed rubber must have a very narrow size range if the leak rate is to be predictable. In addition, the binder material may be restricted to virgin LLDPE feed stock if a reproducible product is to be continuously extruded. Finally, using technology developed for sintered‐porous metal objects, it was demonstrated that the leak rate can be predicted a priori. This evidence suggests that the occurrence of the porosity as claimed in U.S. Patent Number 4,003,408 is not confirmed by practical experience. Moreover, although a leaky pipe can be produced in accordance with the teachings of the patent, the properties and performance of that pipe will probably not meet the specification of potential users.
Silylation and dry procession
Authors: Roland Bruno 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe issues of dry development and self‐developing resists are addressed in this paper by way of an introduction to the main topic of surface imaging, in which diffusion‐enhanced vapour plhase silylation chemistries and their mechanisms are developed with specific reference to resists that function through the DESIRE process. More recent liquid phase silylation processes are also considered.
Electron beam and X‐ray resists
Authors: Jones Richard G. , Tate Philip C. Miller 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe optimisation of the lithographic performance of negative‐working electron beam resists is developed through consideration of the radiation chemistry of crosslinking of representative materials, typically epoxy‐functionalised polymers and polystyrene and its derivatives. Similarly, the lithographic behaviour of positive‐working systems based on radiation‐induced chain scission reactions is discussed with reference to acrylate and methacrylate polymers and polysulphones. The difficulties encountered in devising desirable working systems based on novolacs are considered and contrasted with the promise offered by recent developments arising from the extension of chemical amplification techniques to the electron beam lithographic domain.
Mitochondrial metabolism following bilateral cerebral ischemia in the gerbil
Authors: Ginsberg Myron D. , Mela Leena , Wrobel‐Kuhl Krystyna , Reivich Martin 
Published: May 2005

AbstractFollowing periods of bilateral cerebral ischemia in urethane‐anesthetized Mongolian gerbils, the metabolism of isolated brain mitochondria was assessed in an in vitro oxygenated medium in the presence of the substrates glutamate‐malate. Mitochondria from both control and ischemic brains were well coupled. Urethane‐anesthetized controls showed an early mild depression and a subsequent enhancement of State 3 respiration (ADP present) relative to awake controls. Respiratory activity in State 3, calculated per mol of cytochrome oxidase, was first depressed below control values following 60 minutes of ischemia; and a further decline, to 46 to 58% of control values, followed 90 to 120 minutes of ischemia. Mitochondrial calcium ion accumulation was depressed by ischemia of 2 hours in moribund animals. In contrast, a significant degree of cerebral edema was observed with ischemia of only 30 minutes' duration. Respiration of brain mitochondria appears relatively resistant to irreversible impairment following cerebral ischemia.
Far‐field somatosensory evoked potentials in the cat: Correlation with depth recording
Authors: Iragui‐Madoz V. J. , Wiederholt W. C. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractWe have previously identified, with surface‐recording techniques, four potentials (I, II, III, IV) preceding the cortical component of the somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) in the cat. In the present study, we correlated surface and depth activity in the cat by recording SEPs simultaneously from skull electrodes and from depth electrodes placed in the cervical posterior columns, cuneate nucleus, medial lemniscus, inferior cerebellar peduncle, ventral posterior thalamus, and sensory radiation. Latencies and amplitudes of surface‐ and depth‐recorded potentials and their responses to repetitive stimulation were analyzed. Our findings indicate that: (1) component I originates in cervical posterior columns and nucleus cuneatus; (2) component II reflects postsynaptic activity in nucleus cuneatus, medial lemniscus, and inferior cerebellar peduncle; (3) component III‐A probably originates in the cerebellar hemispheres; (4) component III‐B consists of component III‐A and superimposed activity in the ventral posterior thalamus and sensory radiation; and (5) component IV originates in the sensory radiation.
Lead poisoning and brain tumors in children: A report of 2 cases
Authors: Schreier Herbert A. , Sherry Norman , Shaughnessy Elizabeth 
Published: May 2005

AbstractLead poisoning and subclinical body lead elevations have become increasingly widespread findings in children, not only in the inner cities but in the suburbs and rural areas as well. This paper reports on 2 institutionalized children with elevated urinary lead levels who subsequently developed astrocytomas. Lead toxicity may play a role in causing mental retardation, hyperactivity, and more subtle neuropsychological dysfunction in children. It has been shown to have a direct toxic effect on neurons, causing astrocytic proliferation in humans and central nervous system neoplasms in rats.
Effect of the molecular weight of maleated polypropylenes on the melt compounding of polypropylene/organoclay nanocomposites
Authors: Wang Yeh , Chen Feng‐B. , Wu Kai‐C. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractMaleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (PP‐g‐MA) and organically modified clay composites were prepared in a plasticorder. PP‐g‐MAs, including Polybond PB3150, Polybond PB3200, Polybond PB3000, and Epolene E43, with a wide range of maleic anhydride (MA) concentrations and molecular weights were used. The structure was investigated with X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). PP‐g‐MA compatibilizers gave rise to similar degrees of dispersion beyond the weight ratio of 3/1, with the exception of E43, which had the highest MA content and the lowest molecular weight. The thermal instability and high melt index were responsible for the ineffective modification by E43. Furthermore, PP‐g‐MA with a lower molecular weight and a higher melt index had to be compounded at a lower mixing temperature to achieve a reasonable level of torque for clay dispersion. Polypropylene/organoclay nanocomposites were then modified with different levels of PP‐g‐MA compatibilizers with a twin‐screw extruder. The polypropylene/E43/clay system, as shown by XRD patterns and TEM observations, yielded the poorest clay dispersion of the compatibilizers under investigation. The curves of the relative complex viscosity also revealed a systematic trend with the extent of exfoliation and showed promise for quantifying the hybrid structure of the nanocomposites. The mechanical properties and thermal stability were determined by dynamical mechanical analysis and thermogravimetric analysis, respectively. Although PP‐g‐MA with a lower molecular weight led to better clay dispersion in the polypropylene nanocomposites, it caused deterioration in both the mechanical and thermal properties of the hybrid systems. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 1667–1680, 2005
Grafting of methyl methacrylate onto sodium alginate initiated by potassium ditelluratoargentate(III)
Authors: Liu Yinghai , Yang Lanying , Li Junbo , Shi Zengqian 
Published: May 2005

AbstractSodium alginate (SA) was graft‐copolymerized with methyl methacrylate in an alkali aqueous solution with potassium ditelluratoargentate(III) (DTA) as the initiator. Graft copolymers with both a high grafting efficiency (>90%) and a high percentage of grafting were obtained, which indicated that the DTA–SA redox pair was an efficient initiator for this grafting. The grafting parameters, including total conversion, grafting efficiency, and percentage grafting, were evaluated comparatively. The dependence of these parameters on temperature and time, monomer concentration, initiator concentration, and SA backbone concentration was also investigated. The overall activation energy of this grafting was calculated as 37.50 kJ/mol. Proof of grafting was obtained from gravimetric analysis and IR spectra. A tentative mechanism involving a two‐step, single‐electron‐transfer process of DTA is proposed to explain the generation of radicals and the initiation of grafting. Some basic properties of the grafted copolymer were studied by instrumental analyses, including thermogravimetry, X‐ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 1688–1694, 2005
Concentrated emulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate/butyl acrylate initiated by a redox system
Authors: Zhang Hongtao , Tan Bien , Wang Anlin , Cao Jianhua 
Published: May 2005

AbstractStable concentrated emulsions of methyl methacrylate/butyl acrylate were prepared with sodium dodecyl sulfate and cetyl alcohol as the compound surfactant and poly(vinyl alcohol) as the major reinforcer of the liquid film. With a redox system based on benzoyl peroxide/N,N′‐dimethyl phenylamine introduced into the concentrated emulsions, polymer particles with different shapes and sizes were obtained by initiation of the polymerization at low temperatures. We investigated the kinetic behaviors of concentrated emulsion polymerization and drew linear regression diagrams of its time–conversion curves in a constant rate phase (conversions ranged from 20 to 70%), and the experimental results show that the variation of the concentrations of the compound surfactant and initiator, the categories of reinforcers of the liquid film, the temperatures, and so on were responsible for the polymerization stability and the polymerization rate. Finally, the kinetics equation and activation energy of the initiator were obtained. The particle size and distribution of particle diameters of latex particles were determined by photon correlation spectroscopy. The determination results reveal that concentrations of the compound surfactant, polymerization temperatures, and so on affected the shape and size of the polymer particles greatly. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 1695–1701, 2005
Release kinetics of ATP in cells exposed to nonionic detergents
Authors: Köszegi Tamàs 
Published: May 2005

AbstractWe have previously shown that the protein binding of intracellular ATP could be examined by monitoring the ATP release kinetics from Triton X‐100 and Brij 58 nonionic detergent permeabilized cells. We have now analysed the protein binding of ATP in an isotonic medium using intact and partially ATP depleted Brij 58 treated human erythrocytes. The effects of Triton X‐100 below the critical micelle concentration (CMC) was studied in normal and tumorous tissue culture cells and human red blood cells. Our results showed that the protein association of ATP was altered in the partially ATP depleted erythrocytes. Below the CMC value, but above a critical level Triton X‐100 treatment was effective in mobilizing the intracellular ATP in both cell types. The ATP release curves were sigmoidal and an ‘all or none’ type of response was observed, especially in erythrocytes. The use of Triton X‐100 (< CMC) delays the detergent‐induced cell decomposition time thus providing a new approach to investigating the physical state of intracellular ATP.
Chemiluminescence of anthocyanins in the presence of acetaldehyde and tert‐butyl hydroperoxide
Authors: Yoshiki Yumiko , Okubo Kazuyoshi , Igarashi Kiharu 
Published: May 2005

AbstractLight emission (chemiluminescence; CL) was observed in the reaction of anthocyanins with tert‐butyl hydroperoxide (t‐BuOOH) in the presence of acetaldehyde. The intensity of the CL of the anthocyanins was in the order of nasunin > rubrobrassicin > delphinidin > malvin = cyanidin > malvidin, indicating that glucosylation at C‐3 and C‐5 of the anthocyanin skeleton enhances the CL of the parent compound. CL intensity was enhanced at alkaline pH. The results suggest that the antioxidant effect of anthocyanins on lipid peroxidation, which is observed in the linoleic acid‐β‐carotene‐lipoxcygenase system, is at least partly due to their strong reactivity with hydroperoxides.
Synthesis and membrane action of polymyxin B analogues
Authors: Clausell Adrià , Rabanal Francesc , Garcia‐Subirats Maria , Alsina M. Asunción , Cajal Yolanda 
Published: May 2005

AbstractWe have designed synthetic peptides that mimic the primary and secondary structure of the cationic lipopeptide antibiotic polymyxin B (PxB) in order to determine the structural requirements for membrane action and to assess possible therapeutic potential. Two analogues with related sequences to that of PxB, but including synthetic simplifications (disulphide bridge between two cysteines in positions 4 and 10, N‐terminal nonanoic acid), have been synthesized. Peptide–lipid interactions have been studied by fluorescence resonance energy transfer between pyrene and 4,4‐difluoro‐5‐methyl‐4‐bora‐3α,4α‐diaza‐s‐indacene‐3‐dodecanoyl (BODIPY®) probes covalently linked to phospholipids, and the possibility of membrane disruption or permeabilization has been assessed by light scattering and fluorescence quenching assays. The synthetic peptide sP‐B, which closely mimics the primary and secondary structures of PxB, binds to vesicles of anionic 1‐palmitoyl‐2‐oleoylglycero‐sn‐3‐phosphoglycerol (POPG) or of lipids extracted from Escherichia coli membranes, and induces apposition of the vesicles and selective lipid exchange without permeabilization of the membrane. We conclude that sP‐B forms functional vesicle–vesicle contacts that are selective, as previously described for PxB. The second analogue, sP‐C, has a permutation of two amino acids that breaks the hydrophobic patch formed by d‐Phe and Leu residues on the cyclic part of the sequence. sP‐C lipopeptide is more effective than sP‐B in inducing lipid mixing, but shows no selectivity for the lipids that exchange through the vesicle–vesicle contacts, and at high concentrations has a membrane‐permeabilizing effect. The deacylated and non‐antibiotic derivative PxB‐nonapeptide (PxB‐NP) does not induce the formation of functional intervesicle contacts in the range of concentrations studied. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Environmental effects on the fluorescence behaviour of carbazole derivatization reagents
Authors: Romero‐Ale Emiliano E. , Olives Ana I. , Martín M. Antonia , del Castillo Benito , López‐Alvarado Pilar , Menéndez J. Carlos 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe carbazole ring is the basic structure present in the fluorescence derivatization reagents 9‐chlorocarbonylcarbazole and 9‐carbazolylacetic acid. The fluorescence behaviour of these carbazole derivatives was studied in solvents with different polarities (cyclohexane, ethanol, acetonitrile, water) and at different pH values (4.5 and 8.8). The influence of the low polarity environment afforded by 2‐hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin (HPβ‐CD) is also described. The behaviour of the fluorescent reagents is compared to the model molecules carbazole and 9‐methylcarbazole. For all derivatives studied, a bathochromic shift in the fluorescence emission maxima was observed when the solvent polarity was increased. A bathochromic shift was observed in dioxane solutions, which can be ascribed to the peculiar behaviour of this solvent. The changes in the fluorescence intensity in the case of 9‐carbazolylacetic acid can be related to the ionization of the carboxylic acid group. Inclusion into the cavity of HPβ‐CD allows emission spectra to be obtained close to those obtained in ethanolic solutions with a remarkable enhancement in the fluorescence intensity, depending on the chemical structure of the carbazole derivative included. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A study on the micelle‐sensitized Ce(IV)–Na2S2O3–norfloxacin chemiluminescence system and its applications
Authors: Xie Zenghong , Liao Sulan , Chen Guonan 
Published: May 2005

AbstractA new chemiluminescence (CL) flow‐injection method was developed for the determination of norfloxacin. The method is based on the CL reaction of norfloxacin with sodium thiosulphate and Ce(IV) in sulphuric acid medium sensitized by sodium dodecylsulphate. Under optimum conditions, the CL intensity is proportional to the concentration of the norfloxacin in the range 3.89 × 10−8–7.18 × 10−6 g[sol ]mL. The detection limit (3 s[sol ]k) was 2.21 × 10−9 g[sol ]mL for norfloxacin. The method has been applied successfully to the determination of norfloxacin in pharmaceutical formulations and human urine. The mechanism for this chemiluminescence system is discussed. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of carbofuran by flow‐injection with chemiluminescent detection
Authors: Xie Zenghong , Ouyang Xiaoqing , Guo Liangqia , Lin Xucong , Chen Guonan 
Published: May 2005

AbstractIt was found that carbofuran enhances the chemiluminescence reaction between sodium sulphite and Ce4+ in sulphuric acid, and this formed the basis of a flow‐injection system with chemiluminescence detection for determination of carbofuran. Under optimum conditions, the enhanced chemiluminescence intensity was linear, with the concentration of carbofuran in the range 8 × 10−8–1.0 × 10−5 g[sol ]mL, with a detection limit of 2.84 × 10−8 g[sol ]mL (3 s[sol ]k). The proposed method was applied to the analysis of carbofuran in cabbage, with satisfactory results. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of methyltestosterone using flow injection with chemiluminescence detection
Authors: Xie Zenghong , Ouyang Xiaoqing , Guo Liangqia , Lin Xucong , Chen Guonan 
Published: May 2005

AbstractMethyltestosterone (MT) enhanced the chemiluminescence of potassium permanganate–sodium thiosulphate system in sulphuric acid medium, and this was used as the basis of a novel flow‐injection chemiluminescence method for the determination of methyltesterone. Under optimum conditions, the linear response of MT was in the range 3.0 × 10−8–8.0 × 10−6 g[sol ]mL, and the detection limit for determination of MT was 1.0 × 10−8 g[sol ]mL. The method was applied to the analysis of fish with recovery in the range 88.0–113.8% with an average RSD of 1.66% (n = 8). Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.